bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parallel structures: André Leroi-Gourhan, Claude Lévi-Strauss, and the making of French structural anthropology
Authors: Collins Jacob
Published: September 2020

This article reframes our understanding of French structural anthropology by considering the work of André Leroi-Gourhan alongside that of Claude Lévi-Strauss. These two anthropologists worked at opposite poles of the discipline, Lévi-Strauss studying cultural objects, like myths and kinship relations; Leroi-Gourhan looking at material artifacts, such as stone tools, bones, arrowheads, and cave paintings. In spite of their difference in focus, these thinkers shared a similar approach to the interpretation of their sources: Each individual object was meaningful only as part of a larger whole. For Lévi-Strauss, structuralism was designed to unlock features of the human mind; for Leroi-Gourhan, to uncover the material processes that underlay human life. Again, in spite of their difference in orientation, both structuralisms produced similar theories of human society. Whether ‘primitive’ or ‘advanced’, all societies functioned the same way: Their institutions worked harmoniously, beyond the intentions of any individual actors, to preserve the stability of the group. This eliminated the basis for thinking one society was superior to another. Finally, the article argues that both Lévi-Strauss and Leroi-Gourhan believed that structural anthropology could found a ‘new humanism’, and thereby rescue modernity from moral degeneration. This ‘new humanism’ could not only produce a universal description of human nature, but also help rethink French colonialism, broker new geopolitical alliances, and prevent the erasure of world cultures. Structural anthropology thus imagined a tight relationship between its social-scientific work and its political-moral mission.
Preparation and properties of propargyl ether-terminated poly(imide siloxane)s and their composites
Authors: Ye Qing , Yuan Qiaolong , Huang Farong
Published: September 2020

The novel propargyl ether-terminated oligo(imide siloxane)s (PTISs) based on 2,2’-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane dianhydride (6FDA), aminopropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (APPS), 4,4’-diaminodiphenylmethane (MDA) and p-aminophenyl propargyl ether (APPE) were synthesized. The chemical structures of PTISs were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The PTISs exhibited excellent solubility in organic solvent and had broad processing window. The T300 carbon fabric was used to reinforce the PTIS matrices and prepare the composites (T300CF/PTISs). The thermal stability of the cured PTISs was analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The dynamic thermal mechanical properties of the composites were measured by dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DMA). The results show that the temperature at 5% weight loss (Td5) and residual yield at 800°C (Yr800°C) of the cured PTISs in N2 increase with incorporation of the aromatic diamine, whereas the Yr800°C of the cured PTISs in air decreases with introduction of the aromatic diamine. The elasticity of the composite increases with incorporation of the aromatic diamine, and the peak temperature of loss factor for the composites are higher than 300°C. The flexural strength, tensile strength and interlaminar layer shear strength (ILSS) of the T300CF/PTIS composite display the values of 439 MPa, 427 MPa and 32 MPa at room temperature, respectively. The retention of the flexural strength and ILSS for the T300CF/PTIS composite are above 80% at 250°C.
Stick–slip oscillations of an engine front-end accessory drive system with a mechanical tensioner
Authors: Zhu H , Zhu WD , Fan W
Published: September 2020

This article is aimed to investigate the stick–slip oscillations of an engine front-end accessory drive system with a mechanical tensioner. Based on several assumptions, a generic dynamic model of rotational vibrations of an engine front-end accessory drive system with arbitrary number of accessory pulleys and one mechanical tensioner is established. In this model, the tensioner dry-friction torque is approximated by a hyperbolic tangent function with a scaling factor to control the sticking zone. An improved multiple harmonic balance method is used to solve the governing equations of rotations of the engine front-end accessory drive system and obtain the periodic rotational vibrations of the system accessory components. The calculation results obtained from the improved multiple harmonic balance method are verified by the results obtained from the Runge–Kutta integration method. Amplitude–frequency responses of rotational vibrations of the accessory components in the engine front-end accessory drive system are calculated using the arc-length technique based on the improved multiple harmonic balance method. Stick–slip oscillations of the tensioner arm with different values of the tensioner dry-friction torque are calculated and influences of the tensioner dry-friction on system rotational vibration amplitudes are analyzed. Variations of system vibration energies dissipated by the tensioner dry-friction at different crankshaft speeds with increases of the maximum tensioner dry-friction torque are calculated, and an optimum design of the tensioner dry-friction damping is given according to the results.
Online performance monitoring and diagnosis of multivariate systems
Authors: Moghbeli Neshat , Poshtan Javad
Published: September 2020

Online performance monitoring can be used to improve the performance of control systems in industry. The purpose of this article is to detect a performance deterioration and determine its cause in a system. In this article, two indices are used for online performance monitoring of a nonlinear multivariate system with optimally tuned proportional integral controllers. The first index is defined based on a squared distance measurement between the closed-loop system outputs and chosen set-points. The second index is a statistical index that uses all the information in the covariance matrices of the closed-loop system output data. Both indices are used and compared for performance monitoring of a quadruple-tank system. Moreover, hypothesis testing method has been used to determine the cause of the performance deterioration, so that appropriate solutions according to the cause can be applied to the system to improve the performance.
Pandrol track fastener defect detection based on local convolutional neural networks
Authors: Ma Anqi , Lv Zhaomin , Chen Xingjie , Li Liming , Qiu Yijin , Zheng Shubin , Chai Xiaodong
Published: September 2020

The Pandrol track fastener image is composed of two parts: track fastener clip sub-graph and track fastener bolt sub-graph. However, the detection of track fastener clip defect can be realized by track fastener image and track fastener image cannot effectively detect whether the bolt is loose. When the convolutional neural network is used to extract whole picture features and detect, many bolt features unrelated to the clips will be obtained, thereby resulting in a high false alarm rate. To solve these problems, a method based on local convolutional neural network to detect the Pandrol track fastener defects is proposed. First, the algorithm for automatic segmentation of track fastener pictures was used to divide the picture of the Pandrol track fastener into two sub-pictures, one sub-picture is the track fastener bolt and the other sub-picture is the track fastener clip. Second, convolutional neural network was used to detect the track fastener clip pictures. The influence of bolt features unrelated to clips on clips detection can be avoided through image segmentation for local feature extraction, thereby reducing the false alarm rate. Finally, the validity of the proposed method is verified using real Pandrol track fastener images.
Climate and sea level variability on a centennial time scale over the last 1500 years as inferred from the Coastal Peatland of Puck Lagoon (southern Baltic Sea)
Authors: Uścinowicz Szymon , Witak Małgorzata , Miotk-Szpiganowicz Grażyna , Burska Dorota , Cieślikiewicz Witold , Jegliński Wojciech , Jurys Leszek , Sydor Paweł , Pawlyta Jacek , Piotrowska Natalia
Published: September 2020

The climate variability and related sea-level changes during the Holocene are still under discussion, especially in a regional context. Very little information comes from the southern and south-eastern Baltic coast. The aim of the paper is to gain insight on the history of regional environmental changes, particularly sea-level and storminess, and their driving forces. The investigations were located on a peatland on the coast of Puck Lagoon (Gulf of Gdańsk, southern Baltic Sea). The analysis of peat core comprised: radiocarbon dating, analysis of stable isotopes 18O and 13C and chemical components, as well as palynological and diatomic studies. Results showed the 1.0 m peat section accumulated over 1500 years, with a time resolution of 100 years per sample. The average water level in the Puck Lagoon rose by ca. 0.85 m during the last 1500 years in a cyclic mode, with a period cycle of ca. 600–550 years and an amplitude not exceeding 0.5 m. The accelerated sea level rise and frequent storminess occurred during the first half of the Dark Ages (1500−1300 years b2k) and LIA (750−450 years b2k) and since the beginning of the 20th century. Recognized environmental changes are well correlated with both temperature changes in the North Atlantic and changes in total solar irradiance, suggesting synchronous Northern Hemisphere-wide fluctuations. The solar forcing was an important constituent of natural climate variability in the past and of forcing climate warming during modern times - after the Little Ice Age.
An approach to evaluating the potential teratogenic and neurotoxic mechanism of BHA based on apoptosis induced by oxidative stress in zebrafish embryo (Danio rerio)
Authors: Baran A , Yildirim S , Ghosigharehaghaji A , Bolat İ , Sulukan E , Ceyhun SB
Published: September 2020

Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) has been widely used in the cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and food industries due to its antioxidant activity. Despite the antioxidant effects, reported adverse effects of BHA at the cellular level have made its use controversial. In this regard, this study was performed to elucidate the potential toxicity mechanism caused by BHA at the molecular level in zebrafish embryos. For this purpose, zebrafish embryos were exposed to BHA at levels of 0.5, 1, 5, 7.5 and 10 ppm and monitored at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. Survival rate, hatching rate and malformations were evaluated. We examined the potential for reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis signalling accumulation in the whole body. Moreover, we evaluated histopathological and immunohistochemical (8-OHDG) characterization of the brain in zebrafish embryos at the 96th hour. We also examined apoptosis, histopathological and immunohistochemical (8-OHDG) characteristics in 96 hpf zebrafish larvae exposed to tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), one of the major metabolites of BHA, at doses of 0.5, 2.5, 3.75 and 5 ppm. Consequently, it has been considered that increased embryonic and larval malformations in this study may have been caused by ROS-induced apoptosis. After 96 h of exposure, positive 8-OHdG immunofluorescence, degenerative changes, and necrosis were observed in the brain of BHA and TBHQ-treated zebrafish larvae in a dose-dependent manner. BHA and TBHQ exposure could lead to an increase in 8-OHdG activities by resulting oxidative DNA damage. In particular, the obtained data indicate that the induction of ROS formation, occurring during exposure to BHA and/or multiple hydroxyl groups, could be responsible for apoptosis.
Plasma Transfusion Promoted Reprogramming CD4+ T Lymphocytes Immune Response in Severe Sepsis Mice Model Through Modulating the Exosome Protein Galectin 9
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhang Jian-Ping , Liu Yang , Wang Huan , Cheng Yong , Wang Jin-Huo , Zhang Wen-Jie , Li Zhen-Zhou , Guo Jian-Rong
Published: September 2020

Sepsis is a life-threatening disease that results in excessive stimulation of the host’s immune cells. In the animal study, the purpose was to investigate the roles of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusion in shaping the CD4+ T lymphocytes immune response through modulating the secreted exosome protein Galectin-9 in mice with severe sepsis. By using Western blot analysis, we first identified that the protein Galectin-9 is highly accumulated in the blood plasma of severe sepsis mice, and with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and protein analysis, we found that Galectin-9 is a secreted exosome protein. Thereafter, we treated the severe sepsis mice with the antibiotic Cefuroxime Axetil; one group of mice received FFP transfusion and the other group of mice received normal saline. Surprisingly, the FFP transfusion reduced the secretion of exosome protein Galectin-9 and there was crosstalking between the exosome protein Galectin-9 and CD4+ T lymphocytes in mice with severe sepsis. Results showed that the proliferation of T helper (Th) cells (Th1 and Th17) was promoted, and regulatory T (Treg) cells’ maintenance was inhibited in the sepsis mice after receiving FFP transfusion. Correspondingly, this immune reprogrammed activity shaped the inflammatory cytokine secretion with an increase in the interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and interferon-gamma levels, while it decreased IL-10 levels. Taken together, it was suggested that FFP transfusion promoted reprogramming of CD4+ T lymphocytes’ immune response through inhibiting the secretion of exosome protein Galectin-9 in mice with severe sepsis to relieve immunosuppression.
Commodity and Stock Market Interlinkages: Opportunities and Challenges for Investors in Indian Market
Authors: Jhunjhunwala Shital , Suresh Sandra
Published: September 2020

This article examines the volatility links between asset markets in India with specific reference to stock and commodity markets over a period of 12 years spanning from 2006 to 2018. By employing DCC-GARCH and BEKK-GARCH, we show that the dynamic correlation between these asset markets have undergone significant changes especially after the financial crisis of 2008. The safe haven role of gold is clearly evidenced with the rising negative correlation between the two markets, while there is a rise in Crude oil volatility. Metals like Zinc, Nickel and Lead provide substantial diversification benefits to investors in the current market scenario as their correlation with the stock market have reduced considerably after 2013. There is no evidence for financialization of commodity markets in India unlike developed countries due to regulatory measures implemented by the government thereby providing investors with diversification opportunities.
Assessing the Quality of Life Among Productive Age in the General Population: A Cross-Sectional Study of Family Life Survey in Indonesia
Authors: Yuniati Faiza , Kamso Sudijanto
Published: September 2020

A large number of productive age populations in Indonesia are tagged reliable human resources, assuming they have a good quality of life (QoL). This study aims to examine the determinant factors related to QoL based on the 2014 Indonesia Family Life Survey. This is a population-based cross-sectional study comprising 13 368 participants aged 15 to 64 years from 23 provinces. The analysis was carried out to construct a composite indicator of QoL. The result showed that the low prevalence of 54% among the general population needs to be ameliorated. Demographic factors (e.g. age, marital status, and education), primary activities, pain, and chronic illnesses were significantly related to QoL and used to provide supporting information.
Mental illness as a predictor of patient attendance and anthropometric changes: observations from an Australian publicly funded obesity management service
Authors: Brightman Louise , Dunne Alexandra , Huang Hsin-Chia Carol
Published: September 2020

Objective:

Obesity is associated with co-morbid mental illness. The Canberra Obesity Management Service (OMS) supports adults with severe obesity who have the psychosocial capacity to engage. This study will determine whether mental illness is a predictor of OMS attendance and anthropometric changes.

Method:

A retrospective audit was performed from July 2016 to June 2017. Baseline characteristics, attendance and anthropometrics were stratified according to the presence of mental illness. Outcomes included weight stabilisation and clinically significant weight loss. Descriptive analyses were performed.

Results:

Mental illness was present in 60/162 patients (37%). Attendance was similar for those with and without mental illness. Patients with mental illness had twice as many co-morbidities ( p = .001). Depressive disorders were most common ( n = 28, 47%). Anxiety, schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders, and trauma- and stressor-related disorders also featured. Weight stabilisation was achieved by 25 patients (66%) with mental illness and 25 (35%) without. Clinically significant weight loss was observed in 10 patients (26%) with and 26 (40%) without mental illness.

Conclusion:

The presence of mental illness did not impact OMS attendance or weight stabilisation. The higher rate of co-morbidities in those with mental illness highlights the challenges faced by this vulnerable population.
A mechanical contact model for superelastic shape memory alloys
Authors: Sattari Mohammad , Esfahani Hossein Ashtari , Kadkhodaei Mahmoud , Akbarzadeh Saleh
Published: September 2020

Shape memory alloys (SMA) are nowadays widely used in different industries. The two extraordinary behaviors of superelasticity and shape memory effect make these alloys a super wear-resistant material. In a range of SMA applications, contact between adjacent surfaces occurs. In this research, a formerly-developed contact model, which individually considers each asperity, is extended to cases where superelastic shape memory alloys are used. Since constitutive equations of SMAs are based on stress and strain, to establish a relationship between classical contact models and the main arguments of these constitutive equations, a representative strain based on the pseudoelastic behavior of SMAs was defined. Experiments were conducted to verify the model’s predictions. In these experiments, a NiTi wire was pressed against a Steel plate; then, the measured penetration in the test and the values predicted by the contact model were compared. The reported results show an acceptable agreement between theory and experiment.
Anticoagulation Strategies in the Management of Lemierre Syndrome: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Adedeji Adesola , Chukwura Onyinye , Obafemi Taiye , McNulty Stephen B. , Reinert Justin P.
Published: September 2020

Objective

To determine the optimal anticoagulation strategy in patients diagnosed with Lemierre Syndrome (LS).

Data Sources

A systematic review in accordance with PRISMA guidelines was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, ProQuest, and CINAHL from January to April 2020. Search terms included “Lemierre Syndrome” AND “anticoagulation” NOT “prophylaxis” OR “atrial fibrillation,” in addition to a list of parenteral and oral anticoagulants. Adult patients who developed a clot and required systemic anticoagulation as a result of LS were included in this review.

Study Selection and Data Extraction

A total of 4180 records were initially identified, though following the removal of duplicates and nonrelevant entries, 216 full-text articles were reviewed for inclusion; 13 articles were ultimately included.

Data Synthesis

The majority (11/14) of patients developed thromboses of the internal jugular veins, which corresponds to the pathophysiology of LS. Anticoagulation strategies were varied in the included literature, though 12/14 patients initially received a parenteral product. Two patients received a direct-acting oral anticoagulant (DOAC) following either intravenous heparin or subcutaneous enoxaparin and had outcomes similar to patients transitioned to warfarin.

Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice

Anticoagulation in LS is a clinical controversy because the thromboembolic events have rarely led to significant complications; thrombi typically resolve independently, and concerns for bleeding risks are well founded; however, this review indicates both the efficacy and safety of anticoagulation.

Conclusions

Anticoagulation is both efficacious and safe in LS, including treatment using a DOAC. Although further studies are needed, clinicians should consider a duration of anticoagulation of 6 to 12 weeks.
Correlation in acute CSCR between hyperreflectivity on the infrared image in optical coherence tomography and fluorescein angiography
Authors: Bilgic Alper , March de Ribot Francesc , Ghia Pooja , Sudhalkar Anand , Kodjikian Laurent , Tyagi Mudit , Sudhalkar Aditya
Published: September 2020

Background:

To determine the association between hyperreflective area identified on the reference image (en-face image) in spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) scan and the leak on fluorescein angiography in patients with acute treatment naive central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).

Methods:

Retrospective, observational chart review. The reference image (en-face) image on SD OCT raster scan was examined for the presence of a hyperreflective spot and an attempt was made to correlate its location on the actual leak seen on FFA using anatomical landmarks as reference. Follow up was 6 months after CSCR resolution. Appropriate statistical analysis was made.

Results:

Sixty-two patients (65 eyes; 49 males) with CSCR were identified of which 62/65 eyes (95.38%) showed the said correlation. The mean age was 31.24 years. The mean follow-up was 17.25 months. The mean BCVA at baseline was 0.28 logMAR. The mean final BCVA was 0.08. The hyperreflective spot noted on the infrared (reference) image correlated the most with the classic ink-blot leakage as well as the minimally enhancing/ill-defined leakage pattern. In 37/41 eyes, the area of hyperreflectivitiy correlated with the pigment epithelial detachment. The hyperreflective spot resolved in most patients who received photodynamic therapy but persisted in most patients who received eplerenone therapy. Persistent hyperreflectivity after subretinal fluid resolution appeared to correlate with persistent metamorphopsia and reduced contrast sensitivity in eyes with no subretinal fluid.

Conclusion:

We demonstrate an interesting correlation between the area of leak and the OCT reference image (en face) used to determine the level of the scan.

Synopsis

The study looks at the potential applicability of a correlation between leaking areas on fundus fluorescein angiography and a hyperreflective area on the infrared image in optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).
Defensive antibacterial coating in revision total hip arthroplasty: new concept and early experience
Authors: Franceschini Massimo , Sandiford N Amir , Cerbone Vincenzo , Araujo Lucio Cappelli Toledo de , Kendoff Daniel
Published: September 2020

Background:

Infections remains the most feared complication in total hip arthroplasty (THA). New strategies of PJI prevention includes coating of conventional implants. Defensive Antibacterial Coating (DAC), an antibacterial hydrogel coating made of hyaluronan, poly-D and L-lactide can protect biomaterials as an effective barrier at the time of implantation. In addition, it can be used with topical antibiotics to prevent early colonisation of the implant.

Scope:

This manuscript describes the detailed function of the DAC in general as well as an analysis of its use in revision THA in a series of 28 patients in a short-term follow-up. Its use in patients undergoing cementless re-implantation after 2-staged procedures in THA is described in detail within the manuscript.

Conclusion:

DAC found to be effective in terms of infection control and safety in our patient cohort and has been expanded for cementless 1-staged revisions in PJI of the hip in our institution.
Complication rates are low with the use of Stimulan calcium sulphate based antibiotic delivery system in the management of patients with hip-related PJI: early results of a consecutive case series
Authors: Sandiford N Amir
Published: September 2020

Background:

Effective management of prosthetic joint infection (PJI) requires prolonged, sustained delivery of antibiotics to the effective joint space. Calcium sulphate antibiotic delivery systems have been used in this setting, however, potentially serious complications including symptomatic hypercalcaemia have been described. There is relatively little prospective data on the results with the use of these compounds.

Methods:

A prospective study was performed between October 2016 and June 2018. 29 patients who underwent revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) for confirmed PJI were treated with Stimulan calcium sulphate antibiotic delivery system. Laboratory blood tests including serum calcium levels, C-reactive protein (CRP) and white cell count (WBC) were monitored for 6 weeks post-surgery. Wounds were assessed for discharge and radiographs for dissolution and for signs of heterotopic ossification.

Results:

The mean age was 67 years and mean ASA score III. There was no significant increase between the preoperative serum calcium and those at 2 and 6 weeks. The CRP and white cell count were significantly reduced at 6 weeks. Full dissolution occurred by 6 weeks post-op. 1 patient (3.4%) had a prolonged wound discharge.

Conclusions:

Stimulan is a valid option for management of patients with PJI following total hip arthroplasty. Complication rates are low following its use.
Cup-on-cup technique: a reliable management solution for severe acetabular bone loss in revision total hip replacement
Authors: Chiarlone Francesco , Cavagnaro Luca , Zanirato Andrea , Alessio Mazzola Mattia , Lovisolo Stefano , Mosconi Lorenzo , Felli Lamberto , Burastero Giorgio
Published: September 2020

Background:

The management of acetabular bone loss is a challenging problem in revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA). The goals of treatment are a stable acetabular fixation, implant stability, and restoration of hip centre of rotation. This study aims to report clinical, radiological outcomes and complications at short-term to mid-term follow-up of the cup-on-cup technique in the management of severe acetabular bone loss in rTHA.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed the records of patient receiving rTHA performed with double porous tantalum cup technique in a single Joint Replacement Unit from 2014 to 2017. Objective and subjective clinical scores (Harris Hip Score, Oxford Hip Score, and visual analogue scale), radiological parameters (centre of rotation, leg-length discrepancy, heterotopic ossification, osseointegration, loosening and radiolucencies) and complications were recorded. We analysed the implant survival rate and periprosthetic joint infection rate.

Results:

We included 9 patients (9 hips) with a mean follow-up of 35.3 ± 10.8 months. Functional scores showed a statistically significant improvement at the final follow-up ( p < 0.01). All patients rated their surgery as satisfactory. The cup-on-cup construct demonstrated radiological osseointegration with the centre of rotation restoration and leg length discrepancy improvement. In 1 patient, periprosthetic joint infection was diagnosed and treated with suppressive antibiotic therapy. No patients underwent acetabular components revision surgery for any reason.

Conclusions:

Cup-on-cup technique is a valid and safe solution for reconstruction of selected Paprosky type IIIA and IIIB bone defects with satisfactory clinical and radiographic results at short-term and mid-term follow-up.
Identifying needs and uses of digital Indigenous food knowledge and practices for an Indigenous Food Wisdom Repository
Authors: Johnson-Jennings Michelle D , Jennings Derek R , Paul Koushik , Little Meg M
Published: September 2020

Indigenous food sovereignty and security are essential to Indigenous health and cultural perpetuity. Revitalization of traditional foodways can counteract the negative impacts of colonial food practices and policies on the health of Indigenous peoples. A mixed methods survey was conducted to describe the data needs of people working in Indigenous nutrition related fields. Results showed that nutrition education, academic scholarship, and community projects were the most frequently used data categories. With improved access, projects-in-progress and raw data would be utilized for reference and staying current. The most common barrier was not knowing where or how to access information. Raw research data, research, projects-in-progress, and tribal policy were the most difficult to access. The study concludes that an online Food Wisdom Repository can contribute to health equity by improving access to Indigenous knowledge and wise practices, cultivating culturally appropriate data sharing, and sustaining and extending current work in the field.
Reshaping Community Mental Health Services during the COVID-19 Epidemic - Report from the 59G21 Service in Lille, France
Authors: Antoine Baleige , Nicolas Daumerie , Laurent Defromont
Published: September 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic led to a rapid transformation of the health care system to cope with the risk of contamination and of developing a severe form of the infection. Although it is an international crisis, strategies have been decided nationally. In France, priority was given to hospital reorganization, especially intensive care units. Reorganization of primary health and mental health services took place with late and inadequate national guidelines or coordination. For mental health services, lack of visibility on the crisis impact on mental health, and difficulties in defining their place in the overall health strategy appeared as the main challenges to overcome. These rapid transformations impacted the whole organization of community mental health care. Any strategies developed must ensure that every person enjoys the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health. Using a systemic approach, it has been necessary to identify both status and risk factors of communities, and to implement appropriate and efficient health promotion and crisis resolution actions. These theoretical issues and their practical impact are discussed using the field strategy developed during the first 28 days of confinement by the 59G21 service in Lille, France.
Clinical Presentation of Patients Infected with Coronavirus Disease 19: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sheleme Tadesse , Bekele Firomsa , Ayela Tasissa
Published: September 2020

Background:

The coronavirus disease-19 has been labeled a pandemic by World Health Organization. By virtue of its highly contagious attribution, this virus has spread across over the world and the numbers are still rapidly increasing. Increasing numbers of confirmed cases and mortality rates of coronavirus disease 2019 are occurring in several countries. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize clinical presentations of this newly emerging coronavirus disease.

Methods:

A systematic review of published articles was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. A search was conducted on 18 to 25 April 2020. Search terms included “novel coronavirus,” “2019 novel coronavirus,” “Coronavirus disease 2019,” “COVID-19,” “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.” The studies published in the English language and their full texts available were included. The eligible study designs were cross-sectional, case-control, cohort, and case series.

Results:

Thirty (30) studies which contain 4829 participants were included in this review. From included studies, the age of infected patients were found in range 0.25 to 94 years. The main clinical symptoms of COVID-19 patients were fever (77.6%), cough (64.8%), fatigue (27.2%), dyspnea (21.2%) and sputum production (18.0%).

Conclusion:

This systematic review identified that fever, cough, fatigue, and dyspnea were the most common reported clinical features of coronavirus disease 19. Understanding of the clinical spectrum and impact of this novel disease is important for all individuals, especially for healthcare workers to manage and prevent it.
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-antibody (MOG-IgG) associated disease with centrally located long spinal cord lesion in a 14-month old child
Authors: Md Noh Mohamad Syafeeq Faeez
Published: September 2020

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-antibodies (MOG-IgG) are associated with acquired inflammatory demyelinating syndromes, seen predominantly in children and young adults. The overlapping clinical and radiological features of the heterogenous spectrum of demyelinating central nervous system (CNS) diseases makes the detection of MOG-IgG antibodies important for prognosis and treatment decisions. Herein, we describe the occurrence of MOG-IgG associated disease presenting as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), with spinal MRI findings of centrally located long cord lesion in a 14-month old child.
Including pupils with special educational needs and/or disabilities in mainstream secondary physical education: A revisit study
Authors: Morley David , Banks Teresa , Haslingden Craig , Kirk Benjamin , Parkinson Samatha , Van Rossum Thomas , Morley Imogen , Maher Anthony
Published: September 2020

Our research used an innovative methodological approach by revisiting an original study conducted 15 years previously (Morley et al., 2005). A purposive sample of 31 secondary school teachers in the UK were interviewed to explore their perceptions of including pupils with special educational needs and/or disabilities (SEND) in mainstream secondary physical education (PE). All interviews were transcribed verbatim and texts analysed thematically. Findings suggest that, despite significant policy developments, little has changed in teachers’ perceptions of their ability to include pupils with SEND in PE and there remain significant challenges to them achieving this. Some exceptions were documented, most notably an increased and positively received focus on inclusion within PE initial teacher education. The article concludes with recommendations for future practice, particularly in terms of teacher education and professional development, as well as the need for effective dissemination of research findings to key stakeholders.
Increased prevalence of non-communicable physical health conditions among autistic adults
Authors: Weir Elizabeth , Allison Carrie , Warrier Varun , Baron-Cohen Simon
Published: September 2020

Autistic individuals may be at risk of premature mortality, and physical health comorbidity increases this risk; however, most studies fail to include older autistic adults or consider lifestyle-related factors that affect health. We developed an anonymous, online physical health survey. The final sample included n = 2368 individuals (mean age = 41.42), and of these, n = 1156 were autistic individuals (mean age = 40.98). We utilized three sex-stratified statistical models to determine the prevalence of cancer, cardiovascular conditions, respiratory conditions, and diabetes. All three models indicate that autistic females are more likely to have cardiovascular conditions, respiratory conditions, asthma, low blood pressure, arrhythmias, and prediabetes than non-autistic females, and autistic males are more likely to have arrhythmias than non-autistic males; these results suggest that autistic individuals carry increased risks for these conditions when compared to the general population, even after controlling for age, ethnicity, education level, body mass index, smoking, and alcohol use. Further, these risks may differ depending on biological sex for autistic individuals. Autistic adults, and particularly autistic females, have greater and wider-ranging risks than previously thought, even after controlling for demographic and lifestyle-related factors. Although this is a large sample of autistic adults across the lifespan, future research should employ larger, population-based samples to confirm these findings.

Lay abstract

Previous research indicates autistic individuals die at a younger age than others and that this is possibly due in part to chronic physical health conditions. The present study used an anonymous, online survey to determine how common certain physical health conditions are among autistic adults, compared with non-autistic adults. We found autistic adults are more likely to develop heart conditions, lung conditions, and diabetes than non-autistic adults. Autistic females may be at higher risk of developing certain conditions (including respiratory conditions, asthma, and prediabetes) than autistic males. Finally, autistic individuals have increased health risks even when considering lifestyle factors (such as smoking, alcohol, and body mass index). This is still a relatively small study, and future research needs to confirm these findings and identify why these risks exist.
‘You were imported with kebabs’: ‘Pisstaking’ as culture in interaction
Authors: Lund Anna , Lundström Lina
Published: September 2020

Through an ethnographic account of the ways that teenagers in a Stockholm school construct meaning through hard-hitting humor, that is, ‘pisstaking’, we investigate how collective representations play out in everyday life. This culture in interaction is analyzed as a form of ‘social art’ where participants sensuously negotiate visible and invisible power structures. The article depicts the interactions as embedded in a symbolic landscape of meaning, one where complex inequalities contained within bodies and played out in interaction can resist and (re)produce gendered and racialized orders and identities. Masculinities, femininities, sexualities, notions of the ‘right’ kind of modernity and being ‘the immigrant’ are put to use as cultural resources in an intersectional play around gaining and maintaining social value and self-worth. We show how ‘pisstaking’ works among teenagers: promoting situational solidarity while also allowing for differentiation and othering processes.
The ‘populist moment’: An expression that teaches us more about how we perceive our time than about this time itself
Authors: Cervera-Marzal Manuel
Published: September 2020

Four recent books believe that we have entered the ‘era of populism’. After 30 years of neoliberal hegemony, we would now be living a new historical period in which political life would be more and more confrontational, personalized and emotional. Through a reconstruction of the main arguments of Ilvo Diamanti, Marc Lazar, Chantal Mouffe, Pierre Rosanvallon and Arnaud Zacharie, this article aims to highlight the accomplishments and the limitations of this historical diagnosis. Special attention is given to the fact that, behind an apparent consensus, the theorists of the ‘populist moment’ disagree on several issues: the definition of populism, its relationship with political liberalism and the existence of a populist electorate.
Vehicle collision with bridge piers: A state-of-the-art review
Authors: Chen Lin , Wu Hao , Liu Tao
Published: September 2020

Although the probability of vehicle collision with bridge piers is relatively low, it may cause the pier to fracture and even the entire bridge to collapse, resulting in casualties and huge economic losses. Therefore, bridge piers should be properly designed against vehicle collision. This paper aims to make a state-of-the-art review of the research on vehicle collision with bridge piers, to summarize the achievements and current limitations in this field, and to give some suggestions for future research. It is organized within a framework of performance-based design, which is divided into four types of problems, that is, hazard analysis, structural analysis, damage analysis, and loss analysis. Studies show that reinforced concrete (RC) piers under vehicle impact generally exhibit three damage modes, that is, local damage, shear damage, and flexural damage. When a large truck hits a pier, the engine and container (cargo) may contribute to a two-stage impact characteristic, which has a great influence on the response and damage of the pier. The vehicular impact (force) models and nonlinear response models of RC members under impact loads have been developed respectively, which can be combined to quickly analyze the nonlinear response of RC piers under vehicle impact. Deformation-based methods should be developed to quantify the damage level of RC piers under different damage modes. Current codes still mainly adopt the equivalent static force design method, but some provisions regarding probabilistic (reliability) analysis have appeared. More attention should be paid to the statistical analysis of roadside crashes and vehicle-related parameters in order to obtain a more realistic probabilistic analysis model, and further establish a performance-based design method for RC piers subjected to vehicle collision.
Observational learning of the televised consequences of drinking alcohol: Exploring the role of perceived similarity
Authors: Mayrhofer Mira , Matthes Jörg
Published: September 2020

Aim:

The depiction of alcohol on television is an important explanatory variable for drinking behaviour. Even though alcohol consumption is frequently shown on popular TV shows, research on the impact of TV characters as models of drinking behaviour remains scarce. We theorise that the perceived similarity to a TV character is a key mechanism to explain recipients' expectancies about alcohol consumption.

Methods:

We conducted two experiments in which we manipulated the drinking behaviour of a TV character and the consequences of drinking. We measured perceived similarity to the character as amediating variable and treated participants' alcohol consumption as a moderator.

Results:

In both studies, perceived similarity to models predicted positive expectancies about alcohol consumption, and perceived similarity decreased with the portrayal of an alcoholic character. In Study 1, participants who reported drinking rarely perceived themselves to be more similar to a rare drinker, which suggests that viewers' own alcohol consumption affects similarity judgments. In Study 2, portrayals of consequences of drinking directly affected expectancies about alcohol, moderated by participants' alcohol consumption.

Conclusion:

Overall, our findings suggest that perceived similarity is a key variable to understand how alcohol on television affects viewers’ expectancies toward alcohol.
Intermittent demand forecasting for medical consumables with short life cycle using a dynamic neural network during the COVID-19 epidemic
Authors: Liu Peipei
Published: September 2020

Accurate demand forecasting is always critical to supply chain management. However, many uncertain factors in the market make this issue a huge challenge. Especially during the current COVID-19 outbreak, the shortage of certain types of medical consumables has become a global problem. The intermittent demand forecast of medical consumables with a short life cycle brings some new challenges, such as the demand occurring randomly in many time periods with zero demand. In this research, a seasonal adjustment method is introduced to deal with seasonal influences, and a dynamic neural network model with optimized model selection procedure and an appropriate model selection criterion are introduced as the main forecasting models. In addition, in order to reduce the impact of zero demand, it adds some input nodes to the neural network by preprocessing the original input data. Lastly, a modified error measurement method is proposed for performance evaluation. Experimental results show that the proposed forecasting framework is superior to other intermittent demand models.
Effects of Steady Low-Intensity Exercise on High-Fat Diet Stimulated Breast Cancer Progression Via the Alteration of Macrophage Polarization
Authors: Kim Min Kyoon , Kim Yesl , Park SeungHwa , Kim Eunju , Kim Yerin , Kim Yuri , Kim Jung-Hyun
Published: September 2020

Physical inactivity and high-fat diet, especially high saturated fat containing diet are established risk factors for breast cancer that are amenable to intervention. High-fat diet has been shown to induce tumor growth and metastasis by alteration of inflammation but steady exercise has anti-tumorigenic effects. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of physical activity on high-fat diet stimulated breast cancer initiation and progression are currently unclear. In this study, we examined how the intensity of physical activity influences high fat diet-stimulated breast cancer latency and progression outcomes, and the possible mechanisms behind these effects. Five-week-old female Balb/c mice were fed either a control diet or a high-fat diet for 8 weeks, and then 4T1 mouse mammary tumor cells were inoculated into the mammary fat pads. Exercise training occurred before tumor cell injection, and tumor latency and tumor volume were measured. Mice with a high-fat diet and low-intensity exercise (HFLE) had a longer tumor latency period, slower tumor growth, and smaller tumor volume in the final tumor assessment compared with the control, high-fat diet control (HFDC), and high-fat diet with moderate-intensity exercise (HFME) groups. Steady low- and moderate-intensity exercise had no effect on cell proliferation but induced apoptosis by activating caspase-3 through the alteration of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Bax expression. Furthermore, steady exercise reduced M2 macrophage polarization in breast tumor tissue, which has been linked to tumor growth. The myokine, myostatin, reduced M2 macrophage polarization through the inhibition of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. These results suggest that steady low-intensity exercise could delay breast cancer initiation and growth and reduce tumor volume through the induction of tumor cell apoptosis and the suppression of M2 macrophage polarization.
Deep Learning and Multivariable Models Select EVAR Patients for Short-Stay Discharge
Authors: Zarkowsky Devin S. , Nejim Besma , Hubara Itay , Hicks Caitlin W. , Goodney Philip P. , Malas Mahmoud B.
Published: September 2020

Objectives:

We sought to develop a prediction score with data from the Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI) EVAR in efforts to assist endovascular specialists in deciding whether or not a patient is appropriate for short-stay discharge.

Background:

Small series describe short-stay discharge following elective EVAR. Our study aims to quantify characteristics associated with this decision.

Methods:

The VQI EVAR and NSQIP datasets were queried. Patients who underwent elective EVAR recorded in VQI, between 1/2010-5/2017 were split 2:1 into test and analytic cohorts via random number assignment. Cross-reference with the Medicare claims database confirmed all-cause mortality data. Bootstrap sampling was employed in model. Deep learning algorithms independently evaluated each dataset as a sensitivity test.

Results:

Univariate outcomes, including 30-day survival, were statistically worse in the DD group when compared to the SD group (all P < 0.05). A prediction score, SD-EVAR, derived from the VQI EVAR dataset including pre- and intra-op variables that discriminate between SD and DD was externally validated in NSQIP (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.79, P < 0.001); deep learning analysis concurred. This score suggests 66% of EVAR patients may be appropriate for short-stay discharge. A free smart phone app calculating short-stay discharge potential is available through QxMD Calculate https://qxcalc.app.link/vqidis.

Conclusions:

Selecting patients for short-stay discharge after EVAR is possible without increasing harm. The majority of infrarenal AAA patients treated with EVAR in the United States fit a risk profile consistent with short-stay discharge, representing a significant cost-savings potential to the healthcare system.