bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KLF 15 Works as an Early Anti-Fibrotic Transcriptional Regulator in Ang II-Induced Renal Fibrosis via Down-Regulation of CTGF Expression
Authors: Gu Xiangchen , Xu Dechao , Fu Lili , Wang Yi , Mei Changlin , Gao Xiang
Published: November 2017

Background/Aims: Angiotensin II (Ang II) has been regarded as an important profibrogenic cytokine in renal fibrosis. Krüppel-like factor 15 (KLF15) has been identified as an important negative transcription factor in renal fibrosis. However, little is known about the role of KLF15 in Ang II-induced renal fibrosis. Methods: In this study, we randomized mice into a control group, Ang II group or Ang II plus losartan group. KLF15 expression was examined with real-time PCR and immunofluorescence in these groups. In vitro, KLF15 expression was examined by Western blot in rat renal fibroblasts (NRK-49F) stimulated with Ang II, and the effect of altered KLF15 expression on the regulation of the profibrotic factor connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) was further explored with co-immunoprecipitation (CoIP) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analyses. Results: Compared with the control group, the murine model of Ang II-induced renal fibrosis demonstrated a significant decrease in renal KLF15 expression at 4 weeks and presented with progressive renal fibrosis at 6 weeks. Meanwhile, losartan, an angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonist, effectively prevented the down-regulation of KLF15 expression induced by Ang II infusion. In vitro, NRK-49F cells stimulated with Ang II exhibited a significant decrease in KLF15 expression, accompanied by a marked increase in the expression of profibrotic factors and in the production of extracellular matrix. The up-regulation of CTGF expression induced by Ang II stimulation was inhibited by KLF15 overexpression in NRK-49F cells, and losartan treatment prevented the down-regulation of KLF15 expression and the up-regulation of CTGF expression induced by Ang II stimulation. Furthermore, CoIP and ChIP assays revealed that the transcription regulator KLF15 directly bound to the co-activator P/CAF and repressed its recruitment to the CTGF promoter. Conclusions: Ang II down-regulates KLF15 expression via the AT1 receptor, and KLF15 is likely to inhibit Ang II-induced CTGF expression by repressing the recruitment of the co-activator P/CAF to the CTGF promoter.
Long Non-Coding RNAs: the New Horizon of Gene Regulation in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Worku Tesfaye , Bhattarai Dinesh , Ayers Duncan , Wang Kai , Wang Chen , Rehman Zia ur , Talpur Hira sajjad , Yang Liguo
Published: November 2017

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a class of non-coding transcripts, have recently been emerging with heterogeneous molecular actions, adding a new layer of complexity to gene-regulation networks in tumorigenesis. LncRNAs are considered important factors in several ovarian cancer histotypes, although few have been identified and characterized. Owing to their complexity and the lack of adapted molecular technology, the roles of most lncRNAs remain mysterious. Some lncRNAs have been reported to play functional roles in ovarian cancer and can be used as classifiers for personalized medicine. The intrinsic features of lncRNAs govern their various molecular mechanisms and provide a wide range of platforms to design different therapeutic strategies for treating cancer at a particular stage. Although we are only beginning to understand the functions of lncRNAs and their interactions with microRNAs (miRNAs) and proteins, the expanding literature indicates that lncRNA-miRNA interactions could be useful biomarkers and therapeutic targets for ovarian cancer. In this review, we discuss the genetic variants of lncRNAs, heterogeneous mechanisms of actions of lncRNAs in ovarian cancer tumorigenesis, and drug resistance. We also highlight the recent developments in using lncRNAs as potential prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers. Lastly, we discuss potential approaches for linking lncRNAs to future gene therapies, and highlight future directions in the field of ovarian cancer research.
Overexpression of TIMP3 Protects Against Cardiac Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Myocardial Apoptosis Through ROS/Mapks Pathway
Authors: Liu Hui , Jing Xibo , Dong Aiqiao , Bai Baobao , Wang Haiyan
Published: November 2017

Background/Aims: Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains a great challenge in clinical therapy. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3 (TIMP3) plays a crucial role in heart physiological and pathophysiological processes. However, the effects of TIMP3 on I/R injury remain unknown. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were infected with TIMP3 adenovirus by local delivery in myocardium followed by I/R operation or doxorubicin treatment. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were pretreated with TIMP3 adenovirus prior to anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) treatment in vitro. Histology, echocardiography, in vivo phenotypical analysis, flow cytometry and western blotting were used to investigate the altered cardiac function and underlying mechanisms. Results: The results showed that upregulation of TIMP3 in myocardium markedly inhibited myocardial infarct areas and the cardiac dysfunction induced by I/R or by doxorubicin treatment. TUNEL staining revealed that TIMP3 overexpression attenuated I/R-induced myocardial apoptosis, accompanied by decreased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, Cleaved Caspase-3 and Cleaved Caspase-9 expression. In vitro, A/R-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis was abrogated by pharmacological inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production or MAPKs signaling. Attenuation of ROS production reversed A/R-induced MAPKs activation, whereas MAPKs inhibitors showed on effect on ROS production. Furthermore, in vivo or in vitro overexpression of TIMP3 significantly inhibited I/R- or A/R-induced ROS production and MAPKs activation. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that TIMP3 upregulation protects against cardiac I/R injury through inhibiting myocardial apoptosis. The mechanism may be related to inhibition of ROS-initiated MAPKs pathway. This study suggests that TIMP3 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of I/R injury.
Stress-Kinase Regulation of TASK-1 and TASK-3
Authors: Rinné Susanne , Kiper Aytug K. , Schmidt Constanze , Ortiz-Bonnin Beatriz , Zwiener Simone , Seebohm Guiscard , Decher Niels
Published: November 2017

Background/Aims: TASK channels belong to the two-pore-domain potassium (K2P) channel family. TASK-1 is discussed to contribute to chronic atrial fibrillation (AFib) and has been together with uncoupling protein 1 found as a marker protein of brown adipose tissue (BAT) fat. In addition, TASK-1 was linked in a genome-wide association study to an increased body mass index. A recent study showed that TASK-1 inhibition is causing obesity in mice by a BAT whitening and that these effects are linked to the mineralocorticoid receptor pathway, albeit the mechanism remained elusive. Therefore, we aimed to probe whether K2P channels are regulated by serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinases (SGKs) which are known to modify many cellular functions by modulating ion channels. Methods: To this end we used functional co-expression studies and chemiluminescence-assays in Xenopus oocytes, together with fluorescence imaging and quantitative PCR experiments. Results: SGKs and proteinkinase B (PKB) induced a strong, dose- and time-dependent current reduction of TASK-1 and TASK-3. SGK co-expression reduced the surface expression of TASK-1/3, leading to a predominant localization of the channels into late endosomes. The down regulation of TASK-3 channels was abrogated by the dynamin inhibitor dynasore, confirming a role of SGKs in TASK-1/3 channel endocytosis. Conclusion: Stress-mediated changes in SGK expression pattern or activation is likely to alter TASK-1/3 expression at the surface membrane. The observed TASK-1 regulation might contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic AFib and provide a mechanistic link between increased mineralocorticoid levels and TASK-1 reduction, both linked to BAT whitening.
ENaCs as Both Effectors and Regulators of MiRNAs in Lung Epithelial Development and Regeneration
Authors: Ding Yan , Zhao Runzhen , Zhao Xiaoli , Matthay Michael A. , Nie Hong-Guang , Ji Hong-Long
Published: November 2017

Epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) play an important role in re-absorbing excessive luminal fluid by building up an osmotic Na+ gradient across the tight epithelium in the airway, the lung, the kidney, and the colon. The ENaC is a major pathway for retention of salt in kidney too. MicroRNAs (miRs), a group of non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, have emerged as a novel class of regulators for ENaC. Given the ENaC pathway is crucial for maintaining fluid homeostasis in the lung and the kidney and other cavities, we summarized the cross-talk between ENaC and miRs and recapitulated the underlying regulatory factors, including aldosterone, transforming growth factor-β1, and vascular endothelial growth factor-A in the lung and other epithelial tissues/organs. We have compared the profiling of miRs between normal and injured mice and human lungs, which showed a significant alteration in numerous miRs in mouse models of LPS and ventilator induced ARDS. In addition, we reiterated the potential regulation of the ENaC by miRs in stem/ progenitor cell-based re-epithelialization, and identified a promising pharmaceutic target of ENaC for removing edema fluid in ARDS by mesenchymal stem cells-released paracrine. In conclusion, it seems that the interactions between miRs and scnn1s/ENaCs are critical for lung development, epithelial cell turnover in adult lungs, and re-epithelialization for repair.
Puerarin Enhances Ca2+ Reuptake and Ca2+ Content of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum in Murine Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes via Upregulation of SERCA2a
Authors: Wang Lu , Cui Yurong , Liu Qinghua , Song Yuanlong , Hu Qinghua , Tang Ming , Hescheler Jürgen , Xi Jiaoya
Published: November 2017

Background/Aims: The embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (ES-CMs) serve as potential sources for cardiac regenerative therapy. However, the immature sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) function of ES-CMs prevents its application. In this report, we examined the effect of puerarin, an isoflavone compound, on SR function of murine ES-CMs. Methods: Murine ES-CMs were harvested by embryoid body-based differentiation method. Confocal calcium imaging and whole-cell patch clamps were performed to assess the function of SR. The mRNA expression levels of SR-related genes were examined by quantitative PCR. The protein expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) was evaluated by immunofluorescent and western blot. Results: Long-term application of puerarin promotes basic properties of spontaneous calcium transient with increased amplitude, decay velocity, and decreased duration. Puerarin fails to alter ICa,L but increases the Ca2+ content of SR. Puerarin-treated ES-CMs have intact SR Ca2+ cycling with more SR Ca2+ reuptake. Long-term application of puerarin asynchronously upregulates the mRNA and protein expression of SERCA2a, as well as the transcripts of calsequestrin and triadin in developing ES-CMs. Application of puerarin during the stage of post-cardiac differentiation upregulates dose-dependently the transcripts of SERCA2a, phospholamban and tridin which can be reversed by the inhibitors of the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways, but shows no effect on the protein expression of SERCA2a. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that long-term puerarin treatment enhances Ca2+ reuptake and Ca2+ content via upregulation of SERCA2a.
A social history of the concept of femininity in psychoanalysis from 1910 to 1930
Authors: Rocha Gustavo Rodrigues , Rocha Luana Fonseca da Silva
Published: November 2017

Este artigo examina o papel que teve a perspectiva da sociedade vitoriana do início do século xx sobre a mulher em moldar o conceito de feminilidade na psicanálise freudiana. Partimos dos trabalhos de Sigmund Freud e algumas de suas mais importantes ideias. A concepção de Freud sobre a feminilidade será então vista sob o contexto social e histórico mais amplo de seu tempo. Esse passo – que nos levará a examinar histéricas, mulheres médiuns, telegrafi stas, ativistas, telefonistas e datilógrafas – lançará algumas luzes sobre a concretude das abstrações da psicanálise a respeito das mulheres
Southern high latitude squat lobsters II: description of Uroptychus macquariae sp. nov. from Macquarie Ridge
Authors: SCHNABEL KAREEN E. , BURGHARDT INGO , AHYONG SHANE T.
Published: November 2017

Squat lobsters have only recently been recorded from the Macquarie Ridge, which extends south between New Zealand and Antarctica. Among these, Uroptychus insignis (Henderson, 1885) was recorded for the first time outside the western Indian Ocean, exhibiting only subtle morphological differences. Reexamination of the Macquarie Ridge and Indian Ocean specimens attributed to U. insignis using morphological and molecular data revealed the Macquarie Ridge form to represent a separate species. Subtle but consistent morphological differences are evident and partial CO1 sequence data indicates that the specimens collected on Macquarie Ridge differ from those collected in the Indian Ocean by more than 7%. The Macquarie Ridge species is described herein as Uroptychus macquariae n.sp. Subtle morphological differences between the new species and U. insignis are discussed.
Taxonomic review of the Craniophora s. l. (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Acronictinae) generic complex with description of 8 new genera and 13 new species
Authors: KISS ÁDÁM
Published: November 2017

Present paper contains the description of 8 new genera, separated from Craniophora (Harmandicrania, Graesericrania, Eurypterocrania, Turnerinycta, Fascionycta, Berionycta, Draudtinycta and Sinonycta gen. n.) and 13 new species (Harmandicrania barnandi, H. tathabayandi, H. brunneocinerea, H. sinoandi, H. peninsularis, H. nipponica, Berionycta limbata, B. ponticamima, B. nigra, B. orbicularis, B. behouneki, B. berioi and B. beckroberti spp. n.). Based on external and genital morphology and characters of the abdominal segments the taxonomic context of the genus Craniophora was reduced, the genus Megalonycta was extended. 22 new combinations and 11 new states were introduced. 8 lectotypes and 4 neotypes were designated. With 6 plates of morphological characters and 231 figures in 33 plates. The male and female last abdominal segments of most of the species are figured for the first time.
Being green: Patterns of participation in the environmental movement
Authors: Tripp Winston B
Published: November 2017

This research extends existing scholarship on the environmental movement by examining different groups of participants, building on the distinctions between public and private modes of engagement. The article uses data from the 2010 United States General Social Survey and the International Social Survey Programme to first conduct a latent class analysis to explore the existence of different classes of participants, and then presents a multinomial logit model to examine factors that affect class membership. The study finds there are four classes in the analysis of the environmental movement: a group of non-participators, a group that engages primarily in more organizationally-based environmental movement activities, a group that engages in green lifestyle activities, and a group that engages in both types of activities, but only at a high-intensity level. The study also finds that there are distinct differences in the composition of each group.
Employee commitment before and after an economic crisis: A stringent test of profile similarity
Authors: Meyer John P , Morin Alexandre JS , Wasti S Arzu
Published: November 2017

Researchers have recently begun to take a person-centered (profile) approach to investigate how the affective, normative and continuance commitment mindsets combine within the three-component model of organizational commitment. The meaningfulness of the profiles identified in this research depends, in part, on evidence that similar profiles emerge across samples, particularly those drawn from a common population. We conducted a particularly stringent test of similarity by comparing profiles for samples of employees drawn from a large Turkish conglomerate prior to ( N = 346) and following ( N = 797) a major economic crisis. Using procedures recently introduced by Morin et al., (2016) we found similarity in the number (seven) and structure of the profiles before and after the crisis; only the distribution of individuals across profiles (i.e. the relative size of the profiles) differed. We also found similarity in the patterns of relations with theoretical antecedent, correlate, and outcome variables, suggesting that a common set of principles might be operating regardless of major differences in the work environment. In addition to providing strong evidence for the meaningfulness of commitment profiles, this study is one of the first to investigate the impact of an economic crisis on employee commitment.
The Emotional Experience behind Sexually Offending in Context
Authors: Leclerc Benoit , Lindegaard Marie Rosenkrantz
Published: November 2017

Objectives:

The current study focused on the role of affective states in adult sexual offending. We look at the prevalence of a range of affective states throughout sexual crime events. We break down the crime event into three stages—immediately before, during, and after the offense. We examine transitions of affective states—stage by stage—but also across victims. Finally, we investigate the impact of situational factors on affective states.

Method:

The sample consisted of a total of 553 adult males who had been convicted of a sexual offense. Self-report data on sexual crime events were collected from these offenders. Apart from descriptive and bivariate analysis, “affective state-switching patterns” are investigated through transition matrices.

Results:

Findings show large variations in affective states before, during, and after the offense but show little variation across victims. Alcohol usage and offender–victim relationship were related to affective states of offenders.

Conclusions:

We conclude that the found association between affective states and decision-making of sexual offenders calls for more research on within crime event variations especially, and future research should focus on causal mechanisms related to affective states.
There’s a consultant for that
Authors: Hall John J.
Published: November 2017

School districts experience considerable pressure to continuously improve, and the pursuit of improvement typically leads to the adoption of new — and purportedly more effective — initiatives. Often districts engage consultants to help navigate the selection and implementation of an initiative, and while these partnerships can prove fruitful, they present a set of challenges that are often underestimated by districts. Districts can increase the likelihood of an initiative’s effectiveness by asking a few key questions before embarking (or not) on the initiative. In particular, districts need to attend to issues of coherence, capacity, and commitment.
Transparency, ultraviolet transmittance, and miscibility of poly(lactic acid)/poly(methyl methacrylate) blends
Authors: Teoh EL , Chow WS
Published: November 2017

Poly(lactic acid)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PLA/PMMA) blends were prepared by melt compounding technique. The miscibility of PLA/PMMA blends at various blending ratios (i.e. 80/20, 60/40, 40/60, and 20/80) was investigated using a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) and solvent uptake experiment. The solvent uptake experiment was conducted to estimate the interaction of PLA/PMMA blends based on the calculation of Flory–Huggins interaction parameter ( χ12). DMA results revealed that only single glass transition temperature ( Tg) existed along the PLA/PMMA blends. Smallest χ12 (i.e. −0.03) was found on the PLA/PMMA20 blend, suggesting interaction between PLA and PMMA at this composition. The incorporation of PMMA slightly improved the UV protection properties of the PLA/PMMA blend, while maintaining their optical transparency.
Ocular Air-Gun Injury: 19 Cases
Authors: Shuttleworth G N , Galloway P H
Published: November 2017

There have been many calls for preventive action against injuries caused by air-guns. Eye injuries are particularly serious, and we conducted a retrospective study to review their characteristics. Ophthalmic consultants in the south-west region of England and South Wales were asked to recollect any injuries that had resulted from air weapons. Information was recorded on the nature and circumstances of the injury, subsequent management, and long-term effects.

19 cases of ocular injury were identified, sustained at mean age 19.7 years, all in the past decade. 15 of the victims were male. At least 12 shootings were accidental but 2 were deliberate. The injury was self-inflicted in 5 cases, and in 6 the assailant was known to the victim. 9 sustained ruptured globes and 8 had severe contusions. Ultimately 4 individuals required enucleation and 2 evisceration. At last review, visual acuity was no perception of light in 10 (53%) and ‘counting fingers’ or worse in 16. Victims spent an average of nearly 10 days as an inpatient.

The characteristics of the incidents that lead to ocular air-weapon injuries are unchanged. Reform of the firearms laws is probably the best way to prevention.
The Causes of Dysphagia in Carcinoma of the Lung
Authors: Camidge D R
Published: November 2017

Dysphagia occurs in only a small percentage of patients with lung cancer, but the frequency of this cancer means that large numbers are affected. Non-quantitative analysis of a large Scottish series of lung cancer cases indicates the following eight broad categories of dysphagia according to underlying mechanisms: mediastinal disease; cervical lymphadenopathy; brainstem lesions; gastrointestinal tract metastases; associated systemic disorders; second primaries; oropharyngeal and oesophageal infections; and radiation-induced oesophageal toxicity.
Brittle Diabetes in the Elderly
Authors: Benbow Susan J , Walsh Angela , Gill Geoffrey V
Published: November 2017

Severely unstable, or brittle, diabetes can be disruptive to patients, carers and diabetes care teams. The peak age-group for brittle diabetes is 15–30, but there are reports of its occurrence in much older patients. To explore the characteristics and cause of brittle instability perceived by diabetologists in elderly patients we circulated a questionnaire to all UK hospital diabetic clinics for adults. 130 (56%) of 231 replied. Reports were obtained on 55 patients fulfilling our criteria for ‘elderly brittle diabetes’–namely, age ≤ 60 years, on insulin treatment, and experiencing life-disrupting glycaemic instability of any kind associated with frequent or long admissions to hospital. Further information was obtained by a research nurse who visited the relevant clinics.

The mean age of patients was 74 years (range 60–89) and 71 % were female. The brittleness was classed as mixed glycaemic instability in 22 (44%), recurrent ketoacidosis in 16 (29%) and recurrent hypoglycaemia in 15 (27%). In 2 cases there was insufficient information for classification. The diabetes care team judged the brittleness to have multiple origins in two-thirds of the cases: problems with memory or behaviour were rare, and in only 4 cases was deliberate manipulation of therapy considered a possibility. 84% of the patients were living independently.

In younger patients the principal manifestation of brittle diabetes is recurrent ketoacidosis. The present survey, though possibly subject to ascertainment bias, indicates that the patterns of instability and their causation may be different in elderly patients. With the growing use of insulin in the elderly, brittle diabetes is likely to be encountered increasingly often in this age-group.
The Surgical Assessment Unit—Effective Strategy for Improvement of the Emergency Surgical Pathway?
Authors: Mohamed M S , Mufti G R
Published: November 2017

A special unit was set up in an associate teaching hospital to provide a fast-track route for the assessment of acute adult surgical and urological referrals. During an audit period of eight weeks, this surgical assessment unit had 550 referrals, of which 196 (36%) came via the accident and emergency (A&E) department; the other 354 came directly from general practitioners or other hospital departments. Mondays, Tuesdays and Fridays were the busiest days of the week; 57% of all patients arrived between 8 am and 5 pm. 68% were seen by a doctor within 1 hour of their arrival. 68% were either discharged or admitted to the main surgical wards within 4 hours. The study showed that, over the course of a year, the surgical assessment unit might divert some 2301 patients away from the A&E department. To achieve this total it would need to be open and appropriately staffed 24 hours a day. Such a unit offers a strategy for limiting the A&E workload and streamlining the assessment of patients with surgical and urological emergencies.
‘Referral into a Void': Opinions of General Practitioners and Others on Single Point of Access to Mental Health Care
Authors: Raine Rosalind , Carter Simon , Sensky Tom , Black Nick
Published: November 2017

In the past, British general practitioners (GPs) have referred patients to individual consultants. There is now a trend towards generic referral, whereby the specialist team is consulted via a single point of access. We examined the impact of this innovation on the relationship between GPs and specialists in mental health care. Sixteen groups of randomly selected GPs and mental health professionals (MHPs) in England discussed clinical scenarios involving the use of mental health interventions for patients with functional somatic symptoms. The meetings were audiotaped, transcribed and analysed to the point at which no major new themes were emerging. The final analysis was confined to a purposive sample of six of the sixteen groups, comprising 54 GPs and 15 MHPs.

Although the rationale for the single point of access was clear to both GPs and MHPs, the approach erected boundaries because it impeded the establishment of professional relationships and transfer of knowledge. GPs thought the system reduced their capacity to be accountable to their patients and limited the potential for their own professional development. MHPs did not seem to be aware of GPs’ concerns.

Effective interprofessional management of individual patients depends upon confidence in colleagues’ skills and good communication. Factors that hamper these must be addressed in the development of this system of referral.
4 Years’ Experience of Head and Neck Tuberculosis in a South London Hospital
Authors: Choudhury N , Bruch G , Kothari P , Rao G , Simo R
Published: November 2017

In a south London department of otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery, 33 cases of tuberculosis were diagnosed in 4 years. The most common presentation was cervical adenitis (58%) and in some cases the initial investigations suggested malignant disease. Most of the patients were of non-British origin but none proved to be HIV seropositive. Fine-needle aspiration was positive for tuberculosis in 7 of 19 patients. 21 patients required a surgical procedure for diagnosis.
Leading Safely: ‘ridiculous’ Lessons from Oil and Other Industries
Authors: Hadridge Phil
Published: November 2017

‘Becoming much safer is not yet a top priority for clinical leaders, executives and Boards. Other, apparently more pressing issues of organisational finance and survival occupy their attention.’

Don Berwick, to USA Senate Committee, 2003
Mesmer's 1780 Proposal for a Controlled Trial to Test his Method of Treatment Using ‘Animal Magnetism’
Authors: Donaldson I M L
Published: November 2017

Images of the original text of Mesmer's proposals for the trial together with English translations and some other relevant material will be found on The James Lind Library [ www.jameslindlibrary.org ]
Attenti Alle Bufale (‘Beware of Red Herrings’), or, How to Make Evidence-Based Medicine Work for You
Authors: Jefferson Tom , Zarra Lucia , Stoica Liviu
Published: November 2017

This is the first in a series of articles on making evidence-based medicine work for you. The series is based on the book ‘Attenti Alle Bufale’ by Tom Jefferson.
Pyrolysis characteristics analysis of Chang-7 oil shale using thermal analysis and pyrolysis-gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry
Authors: Ma Yu , Zhou Shixin , Li Jing , Li Yuanju , Chen Kefei , Zhang Yuhong , Fu Deliang
Published: November 2017

There are vast resources of oil shale in the Chang-7 section of the Upper Triasic Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin, China. They would provide secure access to transportation fuels, if utilized in an effective, economic and environmental manner. A Chang-7 oil shale sample containing pyrite has been pyrolysed in a thermogravimetric analyzer at constant heating rates of 5, 10, 20℃/min up to 1150℃ with nitrogen as purge gas. Meanwhile, the pyrolysis-gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry experiments were performed on parallel samples of Chang-7 oil shale sample at 20℃/min in the four temperature sections, ranging from 100 to 700℃ to understand the decomposition mechanism. The initial decomposition temperature and the final decomposition temperature of hydrocarbonaceous material were about 367℃ and 521℃ (average values), respectively, which raised with the increase of heating rate. The decomposition of pyrite began to take place over 500℃, and the pyrolysates involving sulfur compounds are harmful to the environment and corrode the equipment. Thus, we recommended that the final temperature of Chang-7 oil shale pyrolysis was best not to exceed 550℃ considering the heating rate to avoid environmental pollution and damage of the instruments. Chang-7 oil shale exhibited a single stage decomposition in the range of about 367–521℃, representing the rearrangement of kerogen molecules in the temperature range of 100–350℃. The activation energies of kerogen decomposition were calculated using Coats–Redfern method at different heating rate. We found that both activation energy and pre-exponential factor increased with an increasing heating rate. Finally, the DTA curves of Chang-7 oil shale verified the reliability of the calculated activation energies.
Using Panel Vendors for Recruitment Into a Web-Based Family Prevention Program: Methodological Considerations
Authors: Wang-Schweig Meme , Miller Brenda A. , Buller David B. , Byrnes Hilary F. , Bourdeau Beth , Rogers Veronica
Published: November 2017

Use of online panel vendors in research has grown over the past decade. Panel vendors are organizations that recruit participants into a panel to take part in web-based surveys and match panelists to a target audience for data collection. We used two panel vendors to recruit families ( N = 411) with a 16- to 17-year-old teen to participate in a randomized control trial (RCT) of an online family-based program to prevent underage drinking and risky sexual behaviors. Our article addresses the following research questions: (1) How well do panel vendors provide a sample of families who meet our inclusion criteria to participate in a RCT? (2) How well do panel vendors provide a sample of families who reflect the characteristics of the general population? and (3) Does the choice of vendor influence the characteristics of families that we engage in research? Despite the screening techniques used by the panel vendors to identify families who met our inclusion criteria, 23.8% were found ineligible when research staff verified their eligibility by direct telephone contact. Compared to the general U.S. population, our sample had more Whites and more families with higher education levels. Finally, across the two panel vendors, there were no significant differences in the characteristics of families, except for mean age. The online environment provides opportunities for new methods to recruit participants in research studies. However, innovative recruitment methods need careful study to ensure the quality of their samples.
Behavior of activated carbons by compound modification in high gravity for toluene adsorption
Authors: Guo Qiang , Liu You-Zhi , Qi Gui-Sheng , Jiao Wei-Zhou
Published: November 2017

The rotating packed bed is a chemical apparatus that strengthens mass transfer between phases to enhance their reactivity. It can be used to modify adsorbent materials, greatly improving their chemical properties. This article studies the effect of compound modification of activated carbons in a high-gravity environment on their toluene adsorption. The compound modification includes physical (N2) and chemical modification (HNO3), and the effect of modification is compared between traditional fixed-bed and rotating packed bed modification. The physical characteristics of the activated carbons, including pore size, specific surface area, and morphology are tested by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller and scanning electron microscopy, and the surface functional groups of the activated carbons are determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Boehm titration. The results indicate that the activated carbons modified by rotating packed bed have a larger specific surface area (871.5 m2/g) and smaller pore size (0.524 nm), and the content of acidic oxygen-containing groups is 1.5 times that of unmodified activated carbons. The adsorption capacity of the activated carbons compound-modified by rotating packed bed increases by 69% compared with the unmodified activated carbons. The adsorption by the rotating packed bed-compound-modified activated carbons obeys the Freundlich model. The modification of activated carbons by rotating packed bed greatly enhances their specific surface area, pore size, and surface content of oxygen-containing functional groups, markedly improving the adsorption performance and increasing the utilization rate.
Life-threatening idiopathic reaction to hydrochlorothiazide treated with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Kane Sean P. , Cohen Elliott
Published: November 2017

Hydrochlorothiazide has been shown to cause rare, but serious non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema. We present a case report of a patient with apparent septic shock and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requiring life-sustaining veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO). Upon further review of the literature and the chronology of the patient’s presentation, her condition was most likely due to an immune-mediated reaction to hydrochlorothiazide. This represents the first case, to our knowledge, of such a severe reaction to hydrochlorothiazide supported with ECMO therapy.
Reconstructions of the southern annular mode (SAM) during the last millennium
Authors: Hessl Amy , Allen Kathryn J , Vance Tessa , Abram Nerilie J , Saunders Krystyna M
Published: November 2017

The leading mode of atmospheric variability in the Southern Hemisphere is the Southern Annular Mode (SAM), which affects the atmosphere and ocean from the mid-latitudes to the Antarctic. However, the short instrumental record of the SAM does not adequately represent its multi-decadal to centennial-scale variability. Long palaeoclimatic reconstructions of the SAM would improve our understanding of its low frequency behavior and its effects on regional temperature, rainfall, sea ice, and ecosystem processes. In this progress report, we review three published palaeoclimatic reconstructions available for understanding multi-decadal to centennial-scale variability of the SAM. Reconstructions reviewed here show similar patterns of decadal SAM variability during the last two centuries, but earlier centuries are less coherent. Reconstructions clearly maintain similar trends towards more positive SAM states since the onset of significant anthropogenic climate forcing from rising greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations and ozone depletion and these excursions appear unprecedented over at least the last 500 years. We describe how new multi-proxy reconstructions of the SAM could further improve our understanding of its long-term variability and effects across all geographic sectors of the Southern Hemisphere. Here, we recommend careful selection and development of proxies in SAM-sensitive regions and seasons. In particular, proxies related to cool-season conditions and from the poorly-sampled Indian Ocean sector would allow for a true circumpolar and year-round reconstruction of past SAM variability.
A novel multiaxial three-dimensional woven preform: Process and structure
Authors: Wang Xinmiao , Chen Li , Wang Junshan , Li Xintao , Zhang Zhongwei
Published: November 2017

A novel multiaxial three-dimensional woven preform and the weaving technique have been developed in this study. The preform exhibits remarkable designs, which is formed by multiple layers of different yarn sets, including bias (+bias/−bias), warp, and filling, and all layers are locked by Z-yarns These layers are arranged in a rectangular fashion and the layer number and the position of bias layer can be determined by the end-use requirements. A weaving process and machine are proposed to produce the preform. The weaving technique enables the insertion of many warp layers between two opposite bias layers. The microstructure of the preform was also studied. Microscopic evidence of the microstructure reveals that the cross-sections of Z-yarn are variable along its central axis due to the lateral compression forces of adjacent yarns from different directions. On the basis of microscopic observation, a unit cell geometry model of multiaxial three-dimensional woven preform is established, and a good agreement has been obtained between the theoretical and experimental values of the structural parameters of woven composite samples.
Can Digital Technology Enhance Social Connectedness Among Older Adults? A Feasibility Study
Authors: Barbosa Neves Barbara , Franz Rachel , Judges Rebecca , Beermann Christian , Baecker Ron
Published: November 2017

This study examined the feasibility of a novel communication technology to enhance social connectedness among older adults in residential care. Research suggests that technology can create opportunities for social connectedness, helping alleviate social isolation and loneliness. Studies on implementation and feasibility of such technological interventions, particularly among frail and institutionalized older adults, are scant. Data were gathered in a 3-month deployment with 12 older adults, including semistructured interviews with participants and relatives/friends, psychometric scales, field observations, and usability tests. Data were analyzed with qualitative profiling, thematic analysis, and Friedman tests. The technology was a feasible communication tool, although requiring an adaptation period. Use increased perceived social interaction with ties, but increased social connectedness (meaningful social interaction) was only reported by participants with geographically distant relatives. Sense of well-being and confidence with technology was enhanced, but negative effects were also observed. Findings are useful for researchers and practitioners interested in technological interventions.
Different Types of Collaborative Problem-Solving Processes in an Online Environment: Solution Oriented Versus Problem Oriented
Authors: Kwon Kyungbin , Song Donggil , Sari Annisa R. , Khikmatillaeva Umida
Published: November 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the types of problem-solving behaviors and their effects on solution quality in an online collaborative learning context. A total of 12 preservice teachers enrolled in a computer education course participated in the study. Students in pairs, randomly assigned by the instructor, carried out a problem-solving task and then changed partners for subsequent tasks. The problem-solving processes of 25 pairings of students were analyzed. Data on their problem-solving behaviors, the quality of their solutions, and their domain knowledge were collected. Results revealed that students who demonstrated more solution-oriented behaviors led others to better solutions while collaborating. In contrast, students who had difficulty in understanding problems demonstrated more problem-oriented behaviors. The solution-oriented students also gained better domain knowledge at the end, compared with the problem-oriented ones. The effects of the student’s interactions during the problem-solving process were discussed.
Circadian Rhythms in Visual Responsiveness in the Behaviorally Arrhythmic Drosophila Clock Mutant ClkJrk
Authors: Nippe Olivia M. , Wade Alex R. , Elliott Christopher J. H. , Chawla Sangeeta
Published: November 2017

An organism’s biological day is characterized by a pattern of anticipatory physiological and behavioral changes that are governed by circadian clocks to align with the 24-h cycling environment. Here, we used flash electroretinograms (ERGs) and steady-state visually evoked potentials (SSVEPs) to examine how visual responsiveness in wild-type Drosophila melanogaster and the circadian clock mutant ClkJrk varies over circadian time. We show that the ERG parameters of wild-type flies vary over the circadian day, with a higher luminance response during the subjective night. The SSVEP response that assesses contrast sensitivity also showed a time-of-day dependence, including 2 prominent peaks within a 24-h period and a maximal response at the end of the subjective day, indicating a tradeoff between luminance and contrast sensitivity. Moreover, the behaviorally arrhythmic ClkJrk mutants maintained a circadian profile in both luminance and contrast sensitivity, but unlike the wild-types, which show bimodal profiles in their visual response, ClkJrk flies show a weakening of the bimodal character, with visual responsiveness tending to peak once a day. We conclude that the ClkJrk mutation mainly affects 1 of 2 functionally coupled oscillators and that the visual system is partially separated from the locomotor circadian circuits that drive bouts of morning and evening activity. As light exposure is a major mechanism for entrainment, our work suggests that a detailed temporal analysis of electrophysiological responses is warranted to better identify the time window at which circadian rhythms are most receptive to light-induced phase shifting.
The Association Between Past Sexual Abuse and Depression in Older Adults From Colombia
Authors: Flores Renee J. , Campo-Arias Adalberto , Stimpson Jim P. , Chalela Claudia M. , Reyes-Ortiz Carlos A.
Published: November 2017

To explore the association between past sexual abuse and depression in elders living in Bogotá, Colombia, we used data from the SABE (Salud, Bienestar y Envejecimiento [Health, Well-being, and Aging]) Bogotá Study. Participants were 2000 community-dwelling adults aged 60 years and older in 2012. Sexual abuse was assessed by self-report. Depression was measured by the Geriatric Depression Scale. The weighted prevalence estimate was 2.6% for past sexual abuse and 23.4% for depression. Multivariate data analyses showed significantly higher odds of depression for past sexual abuse (odds ratio [OR] = 3.91, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.13-7.16). Other characteristics associated with depression were history of being displaced by violence (OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.30-2.40), low socioeconomic status, low education, poor self-rated health status, and poor self-rated memory. Thus, past sexual abuse and history of being displaced by violence were strongly associated with depression among Colombian elderly individuals.
Improved mechanical, thermal and flame resistant properties of flexible isocyanate-based polyimide foams by graphite incorporation
Authors: Tian Huafeng , Yao Yuanyuan , Ma Songbai , Fu Liwei , Xiang Aimin , Rajulu A. Varada
Published: November 2017

In order to improve the mechanical, thermal and flame-resistant properties of polyimide foams (PIFs), in the present study, flexible polyimide (PI)/graphite composite foams were prepared with dianhydride and isocyanate as the starting materials and graphite as the filler. The experimental results showed that most cells of PIFs possessed an open cell structure, and the open cell content decreased by graphite incorporation. While with the increase in graphite, the distribution of cellular size became uneven and the size distribution became broad. The compressive strength increased initially and then decreased and reached the maximum value of 26.4 kPa when the graphite content was 1.98 wt%, but all the composite foams exhibited higher strength than the neat PIF. In addition, the limiting oxygen index increased from 31% to 34.8% with the increase in graphite from 0 wt% to 3.25 wt%. The peak heat release rate of composite foams was 2.3% to 24.7% lower than the neat PIF and reached a minimum value of 42.36 kW m−2 with the graphite content of 1.98 wt%. Considering the above analysis, it is feasible to improve mechanical properties, thermal stability and flame-resistant properties of PIFs by graphite addition.
Detection of Herpes Simplex Virus in Genital Specimens by Type-Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Waldhuber M G , Denham I , Wadey C , Leong-Shaw W , Cross G F
Published: November 2017

Viral isolation is the standard method for the detection of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) in clinical specimens. This study describes the development of a type-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for detection and typing of HSV-1 and HSV-2, and a comparison of its sensitivity with that of isolation in a clinical setting. Specimens from patients presenting with genital ulcers were tested for the presence of HSV by both methods. Oligonucleotide primers were selected to enable type-specific amplification of HSV-1 and HSV-2 DNA. Conditions were optimized to allow detection and typing from a single reaction tube using a multi-primer PCR method. When compared with PCR, the sensitivity of isolation was 67% and the specificity 97%. This protocol allowed rapid, sensitive and accurate detection and typing of HSV with a single PCR assay.
Teenagers’ information practices in academic settings: What relevance for a transliteracy-based approach?
Authors: Aillerie Karine
Published: November 2017

Because they are ‘complex and fascinating’ (Boyd, 2014) and deeply heterogeneous, teenagers’ media and information uses are still the subject of much research. The complexity of these practices requires a relevant holistic approach, able to take into account the multiplicity of contexts of use, the multiplicity of interactions and media or tools used, and able to encompass both what is directly visible and what is implicit (Leander and McKim, 2003). Transliteracy, originally defined by Sue Thomas and colleagues as ‘the ability to read, write and interact across a range of platforms, tools and media from signing and orality through handwriting, print, TV, radio and films, to digital social networks’ (Thomas et al., 2007), seems interesting in this respect and is the basis of our investigation and analysis. The work described here proceeds from a programme funded by the French national research agency (ANR Translit 2013–2016) focusing on the possible faces of transliteracy in action, on how high-school students (15–16 years old) manage information individually and collectively, with all the media and tools available nowadays, and academic requirements and support. The ethnographic methodology included observations of learning situations carried out between November 2013 and March 2015 (two classes of around 30 pupils each and four teachers involved).