bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microbial and Chemical Risk Assessment of River Bukuruwa Used as Drinking Water by Farming Communities
Authors: Ofori Isaac , Larbi John A. , Abubakari Amina , Addo Matthew G. , Essiaw-Quayson Godwin
Published: December 2018

Water is very vital for the sustenance of life and according to World Health Organization; potable water should be free from any health risk. However due to in adequate supply of potable water, many rural dwellers have no choice but to depend on streams and rivers as source of drinking water which becomes the vehicle for the transmission of infections due to a host of microorganisms both pathogenic and non-pathogenic present in these water bodies. This study therefore quantified and assessed the microorganisms present in river Bukuruwa in Techiman in the Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana. Water was aseptically collected into sterile sampling bottles with caps and analyzed in the laboratory through standard microbiological protocols. Microbial organisms such as Feacal coliforms, E.coli and Salmonella spp. as well as physicochemical parameters such as pH, conductivity, turbidity, Sulphate (SO42-), Fluoride (F-), Phosphates (PO43-), Nitrites (NO2-) and Nitrates (NO3-) were quantified and assessed, respectively. The highest load of faecal coliforms in the river water at a point in this study was found to be 9 x 102 per 100 ml and pH values ranging from 5.31 to 6.84 with variations within the sampling points. The observational survey revealed human beings competing with farm animals for the same source of water and again farming activities were carried out very close to the river banks which may increase the chance of infections which needs serious attention by policy makers and implementers.
Vocabulario emocional en la producción oral en español como lengua de migración
Authors: Mavrou Irini , Bustos-López Fernando
Published: December 2018

El presente estudio analizó el vocabulario emocional en la producción oral de un grupo de adultos inmigrantes aprendientes de español. Los principales resultados fueron los siguientes: (a) casi un tercio del discurso de estos informantes estuvo constituido por palabras emocionales, especialmente positivas; (b) el tiempo de residencia en España correlacionó positivamente con la cantidad de tokens y types totales y léxicos, y con el número de tokens emocionales negativos; (c) los informantes más jóvenes alcanzaron un mayor grado de precisión lingüística; (d) una mayor competencia comunicativa en la lengua meta influyó positivamente en la producción de palabras emocionales.
Screening of the genotypes of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by the allelic variants of Waxy genes and HMW glutenin subunits
Authors: Vafin Ramil , Rzhanova Irina , Askhadullin Danil , Askhadullin Damir , Vasilova Nuraniya
Published: December 2018

Screening genotypes of wheat by allelic variants of Waxy and HMW-GS genes is a constitutional unit of marker-assisted selection of varieties with high values of desirable properties for flour-baking and technological attributes of the grain. The aim of the study was to produce a molecular screening of samples of spring soft wheat of local selection lines for the detection of genotypes of Triticum aestivum L. with valuable alleles of Waxy and HMW-GS genes. Seventy samples of wheat were subjected to DNA testing for the identification of genotypes with alleles of Waxy and HMW-GS genes. Molecular screening of wheat samples with the selected systems of molecular marking of the allelic variants of the analyzed genes made it possible to detect three partially Waxy lines with a combination of two null-alleles (Wx-A1b and Wx-B1b) in the study collection, as well as 33 plants with an economically-valuable combination of Ax2*/5+10 subunits of HMW-GS, the genotypes of which are considered as starting material for further selection work on the creation of spring soft wheat cultivars with high quality indicators of grain. The approaches applied in the study to identify Waxy and HMW-GS alleles are effective methods of evaluating their allelic polymorphism.
Evaluation of the potential yield and primary symptoms of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris infection in Asian vegetables grown in the Czech Republic
Authors: Kopta Tomáš , Peňázová Eliška , Jurica Miloš , Pokluda Robert
Published: December 2018

Selected cultivars of Asian brassicacean vegetables were evaluated for their yield potential and susceptibility to bacterial infection. Chinese broccoli, two cultivars of Chinese cabbage (‘Dwarf milk cabbage’ and improved ‘Tahtsai’), and mizuna were grown in the conditions of the Czech Republic. Morphological and yield parameters for the field conditions (plant height, plant diameter, and marketable weight) were verified. In addition, genotypes were tested for resistance to black rot [Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc)] at the planting stage. The results show that a very promising genotype of mizuna, which yielded best (1,478 g per plant). Chinese cabbage (cultivar ‘Dwarf milk cabbage’) also showed high yield values (2,839 g per plant), especially when compared to the reference value for Napa cabbage. Chinese Cabbage 1 (‘Dwarf milk cabbage’) and mizuna also showed a low susceptibility to infection by bacterial black rot at the planting stage. Both cultivars reached Level 2 (median) of infection, which corresponds to the extent of the symptoms on 25% of the leaf surface.
Tax odysey-tax evasion wchich ends with penalty?
Authors: Woźniak Krzysztof, Raul
Published: December 2018

The doctrine states that tax evasion is a legal action, albeit not tolerated by the state. The legality of tax evasion is of private law character, under the Tax Law tax evasion results in deprivation of the illegal tax benefit. Self-assessment which is non-compliant with the factual proceeding of the taxed actions, is penalized by the Penal Fiscal Law as tax fraud. The objective of this paper is to indicate the limits beyond which legal actions, procedurally compliant with the Tax Law, become criminal. The doubts raised by the taxpayer through acting contrarily to the objective and the spirit of the Tax Law may bring not only financial consequences but also criminal penalty.
Úvod do etnoošetrovateľského výskumu
Authors: Červený Martin , Kilíková Mária
Published: December 2018

Predmetom príspevku je problematika etnoošetrovateľského výskumu, ako proces na zmapovanie kultúrnych javov a faktorov ovplyvňujúcich vnímanie zdravia. V transkultúrnom ošetrovateľstve sú postupy starostlivosti založené na vedeckých dôkazoch, ktoré výskumníci získali práve uplatnením procesu etnoošetrovateľského výskumu. Vznik a uplatnenie menovaného procesu skúmania súvisí s menom profesorky ošetrovateľstva a kultúrnej antropológie Madeleine Leininger. Výsledky jej skúmania, teoretické pohľady by mali aplikovať osoby poskytujúce ošetrovateľskú starostlivosť v multikultúrnom prostredí, ale  aj tí, ktorí majú za cieľ uplatňovať princípy humanizmu v praxi.
Editorial
Authors: Brinkmann Svend , Tanggaard Lene
Published: December 2018

This is the first issue of a new journal, entitled Qualitative Studies. We hope that this new journal will become a central forum for discussions of qualitative research in psychology, education, communication, cultural studies, health sciences and social sciences in general. Qualitative Studies is peer-reviewed and publishes papers in English and the Scandinavian languages in any of these areas. We are interested in papers that discuss qualitative methods, their promises, problems and philosophies, and also papers that apply such methods in concrete qualitative studies. We aim to publish two issues a year, but since Qualitative Studies is an open access and web-based journal, we can allow ourselves some flexibility in this regard, and for example choose to publish additional special issues, if such options arise.

Qualitative Studies is associated with the Center for Qualitative Studies at Aalborg University in Denmark (www.cqs.aau.dk). But we hope that potential authors from other universities in Denmark and the rest of the world will take an interest in Qualitative Studies as an outlet for their work. In preparing this first issue, we have received a fair amount of manuscripts, many of which are still under review, but in order to show that Qualitative Studies is alive as a journal, we have chosen to publish this first issue with four articles, two of which are in English and two of which are in Danish.

Together, these articles show the scope of themes and approaches that we hope will flourish in Qualitative Studies. Abbey and Zittoun offer a semiotic analysis of interview processes, Kristensen analyses power dynamics as reflected in people’s everyday lives, in casu modern traffic, Klausen reports a study of parkour, an art of urban movement, and Frimann & Jantzen present a cultural-poetic analysis of a short interaction sequence at a gas station. All articles integrate theory and empirical material in fruitful, albeit very different, ways. We hope that this will inspire future contributors to Qualitative Studies. As a journal its mission is on the one hand to discuss qualitative methods, but equally important to be a forum for the publication of qualitative studies that contribute to our knowledge about the human, social and cultural world.

We wish to thank the anonymous reviewers, whose generous comments have helped improve the quality of the manuscripts and also our editorial board.

We look forward to seeing how Qualitative Studies will develop!

The Editors,

Svend Brinkmann, email: svendb@hum.aau.dk

Lene Tanggaard, email: lenet@hum.aau.dk
Schoolcraft vs. Becoming Somebody: Competing Visions of Higher Education among Working-Class College Students
Authors: Hurst Allison
Published: December 2018

By exploring the meanings working-class students attribute to college and academic success, this article uncovers important and surprising disjunctures between the official view of college as a pathway to social mobility and students’ own needs and aspirations. While some working-class college students do use college as a “ticket out of the working class,” others reject this view, arguing that the twin functions of college as educative and credentialing should be delinked. It is important for researchers, as well as educators and policymakers, to recognize that working-class college students are not homogenous with regard to occupational interests and expectations of social mobility.
Inquiries of discomfort: Cancer experiences in young adulthood
Authors: Hølge-Hazelton Bibi
Published: December 2018

Young adults with cancer are regarded as an emerging field for research. Because of the particular life phase they are in they are particularly vulnerable, as they are often both marginalised and individualised and their experiences are seldom described due to their small numbers. By using an on-line free association narrative inquiry and an experimental writing format, the purpose of this paper is to explore the subjective perspective of what it means to be a young adult living with cancer, and to discuss whether this approach contributes something new to the emerging field. Seven condensed poetic products emerged from the analysis: 1) It came from nothing, 2) It sets off a chain reaction, 3) Being a bit into adult life, 4) No one shares your experiences, 5) Go on with your life, 6) My new me and 7) Maybe the lucky ones die? The results empirically support the emerging body of research regarding young adults with cancer. They stress the need for more specific research, clinically and politically appropriate services to this group of cancer patients. Thanks to technology, young people living with cancer, now have an opportunity to actively participate in providing information regarding their subjective experiences. This will challenge the traditional hierarchy of knowledge, where healthcare professionals and researchers reign over the power of knowledge and decisions.
Qualitative research between craftsmanship and McDonaldization. A keynote address from the 17th Qualitative Health Research Conference
Authors: Brinkmann Svend
Published: December 2018

Although qualitative research methods remain marginalized in certain disciplines, qualitative inquiry has within the last couple of decades become generally accepted as a legitimate scientific way of working. Today, society at large is making more use of qualitative research than ever, not just in laudable social justice research, for example, but also in relation to market and consumer research and focus groups for different political parties. With this in mind, I wish to discuss three current questions for qualitative researchers: The first I will refer to as “ethical progressivism versus new ethical challenges”. Is qualitative research as such more ethical and progressive than quantitative research (as some have argued), or do qualitative researchers on the contrary face more elusive and perhaps difficult ethical challenges? The second question is called “solid evidence versus subjective anecdotes”. How should qualitative researchers respond to the current call for evidence? Should they seek legitimacy by accepting the dominant politics of evidence, or should they play by their own rules with the risk of increasing marginalization? The third question is “method versus intuition”. Should qualitative researchers strive for maximum transparency by following accepted methods, or should they proceed more intuitively like artists to create their stories? Both sides of the questions have their influential advocates today. I will argue that all three questions are handled most fruitfully by conceiving of qualitative research as a craft.
Multiple Perspectives on ‘Researching Difference’
Authors: Bloksgaard Lotte , Kennedy-macfoy Madeleine , Nielsen Helene Pristed
Published: December 2018

Introduction to the Special Issue
Categories of difference in science and policy: Reflections on academic practices, conceptualizations and knowledge production
Authors: Jørgensen Martin Bak
Published: December 2018

Categories of difference have a crucial position in academic research as well as policy-making. They serve to distinguish and differentiate between groups in society. They can appear in the shape of crude dichotomies or in complex and sophisticated forms resting on constructivist and intersectionalist perspectives. Nevertheless, using categories of difference also creates something into existence and there may be implications through the particular application of specific categories. This article reflects on how categories of difference are constructed and employed in research, legislation and policy discourse. By looking at different approaches used by qualitative and quantitative researchers, as well as at how specific concepts enter policy-making and legislation, I want to address a number of questions about how we as researchers understand and work with categories of differences. The article will mainly consist of a theoretical discussion, but will use two main empirical examples of race and religion. The article aims to provide tentative answers about what the consequences of particular uses of categories and concepts could be.
“So, it is about how negative it is?!” Understanding researcher/researched interactions as relations between intersectional social positions
Authors: Jensen Sune Qvotrup
Published: December 2018

The article argues that interactions in qualitative interviews and ethnography can be analyzed as relations between intersectional social positions. It draws attention to the importance of class and geographical location in such analysis. It further argues that such interactions work through typifications, that they have a power dimension and that they entail processes of identity formation. The identities being offered through these processes can, however, be negotiated or resisted. The article then analyses such interactions as they were experienced in two research projects the author participated in: His PhD project about young marginalized ethnic minority men, and the collective project INTERLOC which focused on the interplay between gender, class, ethnicity and ‘race’ in an underprivileged Danish suburb. It is demonstrated that relationality influences the assumptions research participants have about the researcher. It is also demonstrated that the research encounter entails powerful mechanism of identity formation. The informants, however, sometimes resist these processes resulting in blurred and unstable, sometimes antagonistic, power relations. It is finally argued that analyses of such interactions can provide central insight into the subject studied.
“You see how good-looking Lee Ann is!” Establishing field relations through gendered and racialised bodily practices
Authors: Spanger Marlene
Published: December 2018

By investigating the case of female Thai migrants selling sexual services in Denmark, I argue that ‘the victim’ versus ‘the empowered subject’ is an undesirable binary for analysing how female migrants perform gendered subject positions in their everyday life. The article suggests a poststructuralist feminist perspective, arguing that looks and bodily practices, based on different constellations of gender and sexuality and race and nationality, are important for the research situation. Bringing in two different examples, the article analyses the field relations, and the implied power relations, - between the researcher(s) and the studied subjects that are constituted through gender, sexuality, race and nationality. These relations form the premises for producing material.
At finde frem til det uforudsigelige - Etnografiske fortællinger om elevers kreative processer i skolen
Authors: Saltofte Margit
Published: December 2018

Artiklen eksemplificerer feltarbejdsmetoders betydning for at undersøge og begrebsliggøre kreativitet i skolekontekster (Saltofte 2010, 2012a). Antropologiske feltarbejdsmetoder er designet til at leve sig ind i andres oplevelse af verden og dermed kunne tilgodese uforudsigelighed. Metodedesignet må, for at undersøge og beskrive kreative processer, indebære mulighed for at studere såvel interaktionelle processer som strukturelle forhold. Feltarbejde præsenteres som en erfaringsproces, der indebærer at finde begreber for det uforudsigelige. ”Kreative processer” analyseres ud fra indsigt i såvel feltens eksplicitte betegnelse og implicitte anerkendelse. Der fremanalyseres en forskel mellem, hvad der ved projektarbejde anerkendes af skolen som institution, og hvad der anerkendes blandt elever. Det institutionelt anerkendte kreative fremstår i kraft af feltarbejdet, som noget elever kan opnå ved at tilføje produkter fra skolens musisk kreative fag.
Meaning: lost, found or 'made' in translation? A hermeneutical approach to cross-language interview research
Authors: Fersch Barbara
Published: December 2018

Qualitative research that includes interviews in languages foreign to the researcher(s) has become increasingly common. However, there is surprisingly little reflection on the methodological implications of such research practices. Furthermore, strategies on how to analyse cross- and multi-language interview material are lacking. The aim of this article is to present possible ways of handling these challenges, focusing mainly on analysis. I propose a hermeneutical approach to the issue. First, I will discuss the epistemological/methodological foundations of the approach before proposing some 'tools' to help practically tackle the 'problem' of analysis using the chosen methodological perspective. Rather than ignoring or trying to circumvent the question of foreign language and/or translation, in the proposed approach linguistic questions and questions of translation are the central focus.
A Case Study of Casework Tinkering
Authors: Nygaard-Christensen Maj , Bjerge Bagga , Oute Jeppe
Published: December 2018

Citizens with complex problems are often in touch with different welfare services and administrative systems in order to receive the help, they need. Sometimes these services overlap and sometimes they conflict. The lack of ready-made services to match the complex, multiple, and often shifting needs of citizens with complex problems presents a challenge to caseworkers in the welfare system. In this article, we zoom in on the management of a single user´s case, in order to examine in detail how caseworkers nevertheless make casework ‘work’. We employ the concept of ‘tinkering’ to highlight the ad hoc and experimental way in which caseworkers work towards adjusting services to the unique case of such citizens. Tinkering has previously been used in studies of human-technology relations, among others in studies of care-work in the welfare system. In this paper, we employ the concept to capture and describe a style of working that, although not a formally recognized method, might be recognizable to many caseworkers in the welfare system. We show how tinkering involves the negotiation of three topics of concern, namely the availability of services, the potentials of services to be adjusted to the particular problems of the citizen, and finally, the potential for interpreting these problems and the citizen’s needs in a way that they match the service. We further demonstrate that casework tinkering involves both short-term and long-term negotiation of services. Firstly, tinkering is involved in the continual adjustment and tailoring of services to the immediate needs of the citizen, but secondly, it also speaks to a more proactive process of working towards a more long-term goal.
Assembling Advice
Authors: McDermont Morag , Kirwan Samuel
Published: December 2018

Voluntary sector advice agencies play, for many in the UK, a key role in accessing and understanding public services. As such, whilst fiercely ‘independent’, their relationship to the welfare state is a complex and conflicted one. Presenting data from participant observation, interviews and focus groups with advisers and managers within the Citizens Advice Service, this paper explores this relationship by focusing on two particular areas of the service; the voluntary provision of advice, and the different funding streams that enable this provision. The paper draws upon assemblage theory, focusing as it does upon elements of an organisation in their ongoing practices and relationships; a processual approach that allows us to reflect upon the broader implications of our ethnographic data. Whilst this approach was motivated by our interest in how the Citizens Advice service endures, we conclude by reflecting upon the ‘fragile futures’ of advice in the context of aggressive budget cuts and the welfare reform agenda.
'Paisajes del yo': Simbiosis sensible del cuerpo, espacio y luz en el aula de infantil
Authors: Mesías-Lema José María , Sánchez Paz Carlota
Published: December 2018

El presente artículo plantea una investigación artística acerca de la identidad en educación infantil a través de espacios que permitan vivenciar experiencias estéticas. Se parte de provocaciones relacionales entre los niños y el arte contemporáneo, experiencias lumínicas y corporales para la experimentación sensible en infantil. Se parte de la idea de cómo la luz ofrece posibilidades artísticas para la exploración del propio cuerpo, el vínculo con el espacio y la sinestesia del color. Todas las acciones desarrolladas se plasman a través de narrativas visuales. Estas poseen una doble finalidad: por una parte, documentar el proceso creativo y, por otro lado, interpretarlo desde la perspectiva del self-study en la investigación docente dentro del aula.
Os objetivos do desenvolvimento sustentável analisados à luz da metateoria do direito fraterno e a concretização dos direitos humanos
Authors: Waldman Ricardo Libel , Martini Sandra Regina
Published: December 2018

Os Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS’s) dizem respeito à forma como estamos construindo/destruindo futuros, representando um novo estágio na busca dos direitos humanos. Partindo da análise da Metateoria do Direito Fraterno, do desenvolvimento sustentável e na transdisciplina, como novos paradigmas para análise do direito atual, este trabalho tem por objetivo relacionar o direito inclusivo do Direito Fraterno com a efetivação dos ODS’s. Seguindo este ideário, o texto busca fomentar a reflexão da fraternidade como base para a inclusão e a concretização da justiça social e da proteção dos ecossistemas. O desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico podem contribuir com esta nova necessidade da vida na Terra, a qual deve ser analisada pelas mais diversas áreas do conhecimento de modo integrativo. Nesse sentido, os pressupostos do Direito Fraterno são relacionados com as bases dos ODS’s e com os próprios objetivos individualmente considerados. Por fim, são feitos questionamentos sobre o modo como a sociedade tem se organizado e como os direitos humanos e os ODS’s são oferecidos como possíveis respostas.
Determination of Chlorpyrifos Residues in Cherry Samples by Direct Immersion Solid Phase Microextraction Coupled with Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry
Authors: AYDIN URUCU Oya , KÖK YETİMOĞLU Ece , DEVECİOĞLU Deniz
Published: December 2018

A method based on a solid phase
microextraction gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS) was
developed for the quantitative determination of chlorpyrifos residues in cherry
samples. Three kinds of fiber coatings: PA (polyacrylate, 85µm), PDMS–DVB
(polydimethylsiloxane–divinylbenzene 65 mm) and PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane, 100
mm) were compared. Various parameters affecting SPME procedures such as
temperature, extraction and desorption times, salinity, stirring rate were
investigated. The analytes from all sample extracts were preconcentrated for 30
minutes in the SPME fiber at 60 °C and then the fiber was desorbed by heating
at 250 °C for 10 minutes in the gas chromatography injection port. Limits of
detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) values were 0.03 µg/L and 0,1 µg/L,
respectively. An average recovery range was 93-98% with relative standard
deviation (RSD) < 10 %.
Sandviç Kumaşın Çeşitli Basma Yüklemeleri Altında Modellenmesi
Authors: SÖYLEMEZ Emrecan
Published: December 2018

Sandviç kumaş
tekstil endüstrisinden geleneksel kumaşlara göre avantajlı özellikleri
sayesinde kayda değer ilgi görmektedir. Sandviç kumaş çoklu iplik katmanlarının
tekli filamentler ile bağlanması sonucu oluşmuştur, ve bu hava geçirgenliği
yüksek sandviç yapıyı oluşturur. Buna binaen iyi termal ve nem kontrolü
sağlanır. Ayrıca deri komforu da arayüzdeki kontak basıncının dağılması ile gelişmektedir.
Kontak yüzeydeki yük dağılımını ve basma kuvvetine karşı sandviç kumaş
davranışını anlamak önemlidir. Bu çalışma ilk olarak detaylı birim hücrenin sonlu
eleman analizi (SEA) modelini açıklamaktadır. Sonrasında model sonuçlarını
deney sonuçları ile kıyaslamaktadır. Buna ek olarak hiperelastik ampirik SEA
modelleme yöntemi sunulmuştur, bu yöntem sayesinde tasarımcılar sandviç kumaş
performansını tasarım aşamasında değerlendirebileceklerdir.
AĞIR İŞ DİZEL MOTORU SİLİNDİRİ İÇERİSİNDEKİ SOĞUK HAVA AKIŞININ SAYISAL İNCELENMESİ
Authors: AYAZ Emrah , KÖTEN Hasan , ÇADIRCI Sertaç
Published: December 2018

Bu çalışmada,
lokomotiflerde kullanılan
ağır iş dizel motorunun silindiri içerisindeki soğuk hava akışı ve oluşan girdaplar
Hesaplamalı Akışkanlar Dinamiği (HAD) yöntemi ile hareketli çözüm ağı
kullanılarak modellenmiştir. Ele alınan motor silindirinde emme ve egzoz
portları, valfleri ve ön yanma odalı tip yanma odası vardır. Krank açısına göre
değişen piston ve emme-egzoz supapları için hareketli çözüm ağı kullanılmıştır,
soğuk hava akışı RNG k-ε türbülans modeli kullanılarak modellenmiş ve emme ve
sıkıştırma işlemlerinde yanma odası içerisindeki hız, türbülans kinetik
enerjisi (TKE) ve girdap oranları incelenmiştir. HAD analizleri mevcut motorun
sıkıştırma işlemi sonunda yeterli TKE’sine sahip olmadığını göstermiştir. Sıkıştırma
işlemi sonunda girdap oranının yeterince artmadığı ve ön yanma odası içerisinde,
ana yanma odasına göre daha yüksek hızlara ulaşıldığı görülmüştür. Bu çalışma
neticesinde TKE ve girdap oranı üzerinden yapılan değerlendirmeler ile motor
performansı açısından mevcut ağır iş dizel motoru yanma odasının
iyileştirilmesi gerekliliği ortaya çıkarılmıştır.
Polietilan+Eva Karışımı Malzemenin Farklı Parametrelerde Plastik Enjeksiyon Makinesi İle Üretiminin Deneysel ve İstatiksel olarak İncelenmesi
Authors: NAS Engin , ÖZARSLAN Furkan
Published: December 2018

Bu çalışmada ünlü
bir otomobil markasının klima sisteminde bulunan bir Polietilan+Eva karışımı
malzemenin plastik enjeksiyon makinesi ile üretimi gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Deneylerde kullanılan parametreler ürün maliyetini en aza indirmek için Taguchi
L27 dizisiyle tasarlanmış olup elde edilen sonuçlar istatistiksel olarak
incelenerek parametrelerin ürün yüzey kalitesi ve ağırlığına etkisi
araştırılmıştır. Deneylerde kullanılan parametreler Enjeksiyon Basıncı (30-60-90
Bar), Enjeksiyon Hızı (30-60-90 cm^3/s), Ütüleme Basıncı (40-60-80 Bar),
Ütüleme Hızı (40-60-80 cm^3/s) ve Vida Dönme Hızı (50-60-70 cm^3/s) olarak
seçilmiştir. Yapılan çalışmanın sonucunda; yanıt tabloları incelendiğinde ürünlerin
ağırlık değerleri için en etkili parametrenin A1B2C1D1E1 olarak oluştuğu, ANOVA
sonuçları incelendiğinde ise etki parametrelerine göre en etkili parametrenin %
32,18 ile Enjeksiyon Basıncı, en düşük etkili parametrenin ise % 1,31 ile vida
dönme hızı olarak tespit edilmiştir.
A Small Matter of Programming
Authors: Nardi Bonnie A.
Published: December 2018

A Small Matter of Programming asks why it has been so difficult for end users to command programming power and explores the problems of end user-driven application development that must be solved to afford end users greater computational power. Drawing on empirical research on existing end user systems, A Small Matter of Programming analyzes cognitive, social, and technical issues of end user programming. In particular, it examines the importance of task-specific programming languages, visual application frameworks, and collaborative work practices for end user computing, with the goal of helping designers and programmers understand and better satisfy the needs of end users who want the capability to create, customize, and extend their applications software. The ideas in the book are based on the author's research on two successful end user programming systems - spreadsheets and CAD systems - as well as other empirical research. Nardi concentrates on broad issues in end user programming, especially end users' strengths and problems, introducing tools and techniques as they are related to higher-level user issues. Bonnie A. Nardi is a Member of the Technical Staff at Hewlett Packard Laboratories.
Acid Rain Science and Politics in Japan
Authors: Wilkening Kenneth E.
Published: December 2018

Acid Rain Science and Politics in Japan is a pioneering work in environmental and Asian history as well as an in-depth analysis of the influence of science on domestic and international environmental politics. Kenneth Wilkening's study also illuminates the global struggle to create sustainable societies.

The Meiji Restoration of 1868 ended Japan's era of isolation- created self-sufficiency and sustainability. The opening of the country to Western ideas and technology not only brought pollution problems associated with industrialization (including acid rain) but also scientific techniques for understanding and combating them. Wilkening identifies three pollution-related "sustainability crises" in modern Japanese history: copper mining in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, which spurred Japan's first acid rain research and policy initiatives; horrendous post-World War II domestic industrial pollution, which resulted in a "hidden" acid rain problem; and the present-day global problem of transboundary pollution, in which Japan is a victim of imported acid rain. He traces the country's scientific and policy responses to these crises through six distinct periods related to acid rain problems and argues that Japan's leadership role in East Asian acid rain science and policy today can be explained in large part by the "historical scientific momentum" generated by efforts to confront the issue since 1868, reinforced by Japan's cultural affinity with rain (its "culture of rain"). Wilkening provides an overview of nature, culture, and the acid rain problem in Japan to complement the general set of concepts he develops to analyze the interface of science and politics in environmental policymaking. He concludes with a discussion of lessons from Japan's experience that can be applied to the creation of sustainable societies worldwide.
The Acquisition of Syntactic Knowledge
Authors: Berwick Robert C.
Published: December 2018

This landmark work in computational linguistics is of great importance both theoretically and practically because it shows that much of English grammar can be learned by a simple program. The Acquisition of Syntactic Knowledge investigates the central questions of human and machine cognition: How do people learn language? How can we get a machine to learn language? It first presents an explicit computational model of language acquisition which can actually learn rules of English syntax given a sequence of grammatical, but otherwise unprepared, sentences. It shows that natural languages are designed to be easily learned and easily processed-an exciting breakthrough from the point of view of artificial intelligence and the design of expert systems because it shows how extensive knowledge might be acquired automatically, without outside intervention. Computationally, the book demonstrates how constraints that may be reasonably assumed to aid sentence processing also aid language acquisition. Chapters in the book's second part apply computational methods to the general problem of developmental growth, particularly the thorny problem of the interaction between innate genetic endowment and environmental input, with the intent of uncovering the constraints on the acquisition of syntactic knowledge. A number of "mini-theories" of learning are incorporated in this study of syntax with results that should appeal to a wide range of scholarly interests. These include how lexical categories, phonological rule systems, and phrase structure rules are learned; the role of semantic-syntactic interaction in language acquisition; how a "parameter setting" model may be formalized as a learning procedure; how multiple constraints (from syntax, thematic knowledge, or phrase structure) interact to aid acquisition; how transformational-type rules may be learned; and, the role of lexical ambiguity in language acquisition.

The Acquisition of Syntactic Knowledge is sixteenth in the Artificial Intelligence Series, edited by Patrick Winston and Michael Brady.
The Largest Art
Authors: Ryan Brent D.
Published: December 2018

Why urban design is larger than architecture: the foundational qualities of urban design, examples and practitioners

Urban design in practice is incremental, but architects imagine it as scaled-up architecture—large, ready-to-build pop-up cities. This paradox of urban design is rarely addressed; indeed, urban design as a discipline lacks a theoretical foundation. In The Largest Art, Brent Ryan argues that urban design encompasses more than architecture, and he provides a foundational theory of urban design beyond the architectural scale. In a “declaration of independence” for urban design, Ryan describes urban design as the largest of the building arts, with qualities of its own.

Ryan distinguishes urban design from its sister arts by its pluralism: plural scale, ranging from an alleyway to a region; plural time, because it is deeply enmeshed in both history and the present; plural property, with many owners; plural agents, with many makers; and plural form, with a distributed quality that allows it to coexist with diverse elements of the city. Ryan looks at three well-known urban design projects through the lens of pluralism: a Brancusi sculptural ensemble in Romania, a Bronx housing project, and a formally and spatially diverse grouping of projects in Ljubljana, Slovenia. He revisits the thought of three plural urbanists working between 1960 and 1980: David Crane, Edmund Bacon, and Kevin Lynch. And he tells three design stories for the future, imaginary scenarios of plural urbanism in locations around the world.

Ryan concludes his manifesto with three signal considerations urban designers must acknowledge: eternal change, inevitable incompletion, and flexible fidelity. Cities are ceaselessly active, perpetually changing. It is the urban designer's task to make art with aesthetic qualities that can survive perpetual change.
Lifelong Kindergarten
Authors: Resnick Mitchel
Published: December 2018

How lessons from kindergarten can help everyone develop the creative thinking skills needed to thrive in today's society.

In kindergartens these days, children spend more time with math worksheets and phonics flashcards than building blocks and finger paint. Kindergarten is becoming more like the rest of school. In Lifelong Kindergarten, learning expert Mitchel Resnick argues for exactly the opposite: the rest of school (even the rest of life) should be more like kindergarten. To thrive in today's fast-changing world, people of all ages must learn to think and act creatively—and the best way to do that is by focusing more on imagining, creating, playing, sharing, and reflecting, just as children do in traditional kindergartens.

Drawing on experiences from more than thirty years at MIT's Media Lab, Resnick discusses new technologies and strategies for engaging young people in creative learning experiences. He tells stories of how children are programming their own games, stories, and inventions (for example, a diary security system, created by a twelve-year-old girl), and collaborating through remixing, crowdsourcing, and large-scale group projects (such as a Halloween-themed game called Night at Dreary Castle, produced by more than twenty kids scattered around the world). By providing young people with opportunities to work on projects, based on their passions, in collaboration with peers, in a playful spirit, we can help them prepare for a world where creative thinking is more important than ever before.
Artificial Love
Authors: Shepheard Paul
Published: December 2018

A vision of architecture that includes sculpture, machines, and technology and encapsulates the history of the human species.

According to Paul Shepheard, architecture is the rearranging of the world for human purposes. Sculpture, machines, and landscapes are all architecture-every bit as much as buildings are. In his writings, Shepheard examines old assumptions about architecture and replaces the critical theory of the academic with the active theory of the architect-citizen enamored of the world around him.

Artificial Love weaves together three stories about architecture into one. The first, about machines as architecture, leads to speculations about technology and the human condition and to the assertion that machines are the sculptures of today. The second story is about the ways that architecture reflects the tribal and personal desires of those who make it. In the West, ideas of community, multiculturalism, and globalization compete furiously, leaving architecture to exist as it always has, as the past in the present. The third story features individual people experiencing their lives in the context of architecture. Here, Shepheard borrows the rhetorical device of Shakespeare's seven ages of man to propose that each person's life imitates the accumulating history of the human species. Shepheard's version of the history of humans is a technological one, in which machines become sculpture and sculpture becomes architecture. For Shepheard, our machines do not separate us from nature. Rather, our technology is our nature, and we cannot but be in harmony with nature. The change that we have wrought in the world, he says, is a wonderful and powerful thing.
Cost Proxy Models and Telecommunications Policy
Authors: Gasmi Farid , Kennet D. Mark , Laffont Jean-Jacques , Sharkey William W.
Published: December 2018

An empirical approach to understanding telecommunications regulation based on the use of a sophisticated engineering cost proxy model.

The telecommunications industry defies easy characterization. The long-distance sector is highly competitive and the local exchange sector much less so, while digital transmission and switching have blurred the distinction between traditional voice communication and the transmission of video and data messages. Regulation of this industry has generally been considered necessary because it has aspects of a natural monopoly.

This book takes an empirical approach to natural monopoly and the need for regulation of telecommunications. The centerpiece of the analysis is a sophisticated engineering cost proxy model, the local exchange cost optimization model (LECOM). The book, which is largely methodological, shows that a combination of LECOM, econometrics, and simulations can aid policy discussion of such contentious issues as incentive regulation, natural monopolies, estimating the cost of interconnection among networks, and the obligation of universal service. The book presents a theoretical framework to explain the incentives of firms and the power of regulation and then uses LECOM to test the theoretical implications. The work is unusual in that it applies the foundations of regulation theory to a model of an industry rather than applying econometric theory to historical cost data. The book includes a CD-ROM containing the data set the authors used to analyze their model.
Crisis on Campus
Authors: Decoo Wilfried
Published: December 2018

A comprehensive guide to the handling of cases of academic misconduct.

Crisis on Campus presents an overview of the phenomenon and handling of academic misconduct. After a brief historical background, it discusses contemporary circumstances that affect the nature and frequency of academic misconduct. It then details the phases of misconduct discovery and investigation: detection, analysis, assessment, reporting, and institutional handling. The final chapter deals with prevention. The book focuses on concrete cases, showing the complexities and ambiguities in dealing with presumed academic misconduct. The book also provides practical advice to both whistle-blowers and those accused of academic misconduct.

The book pays special attention to plagiarism as one of the most frequent but also most complex forms of academic misconduct. It analyzes the various degrees of possible plagiarism, detection techniques, challenges in proving plagiarism, and denial tactics. It gives valuable advice on how to report and handle cases of alleged plagiarism, both by students and by professionals.

Bradford Books imprint
Digital Storytelling
Authors: McClean Shilo T.
Published: December 2018

How digital visual effects in film can be used to support storytelling: a guide for scriptwriters and students.

Computer-generated effects are often blamed for bad Hollywood movies. Yet when a critic complains that "technology swamps storytelling" (in a review of Van Helsing, calling it "an example of everything that is wrong with Hollywood computer-generated effects movies"), it says more about the weakness of the story than the strength of the technology. In Digital Storytelling, Shilo McClean shows how digital visual effects can be a tool of storytelling in film, adding narrative power as do sound, color, and "experimental" camera angles—other innovative film technologies that were once criticized for being distractions from the story. It is time, she says, to rethink the function of digital visual effects.

Effects artists say—contrary to the critics—that effects always derive from story. Digital effects are a part of production, not post-production; they are becoming part of the story development process. Digital Storytelling is grounded in filmmaking, the scriptwriting process in particular. McClean considers crucial questions about digital visual effects—whether they undermine classical storytelling structure, if they always call attention to themselves, whether their use is limited to certain genres—and looks at contemporary films (including a chapter-long analysis of Steven Spielberg's use of computer-generated effects) and contemporary film theory to find the answers. McClean argues that to consider digital visual effects as simply contributing the "wow" factor underestimates them. They are, she writes, the legitimate inheritors of film storycraft.
Dodging Bullets
Authors: McCauley Robert N. , Ruud Judith S. , Iacono Frank
Published: December 2018

An entertaining summary of the broad reshaping of U.S. corporate finance in the last decade and a half.

The late 1980s saw a huge wave of corporate leveraging. The U.S. financial landscape was dominated by a series of high-stakes leveraged buyouts as firms replaced their equity with new fixed debt obligations. Cash-financed acquisitions and defensive share repurchases also decapitalized corporations. This trend culminated in the sensational debt-financed bidding for RJR-Nabisco, the largest leveraged buyout of all time, before dramatically reversing itself in the early 1990s with a rapid return to equity.This entertaining summary of the broad reshaping of U.S. corporate finance in the last decade and a half looks at three major issues: why corporations leveraged up in the first place, why and how the leverage wave came to an end, and what policy lessons are to be drawn.Using the Minsky-Kindleberger model as a framework, the authors interpret the rise and fall of leveraging as a financial market mania. In the course of chronicling the return to equity in the 1990s, they address a number of important corporate finance questions: How important was the return to equity in relieving corporations' debt burdens? How did the return to equity affect the ability of young high-tech firms to finance themselves without selling out to foreign firms?
Drive
Authors: Pfaff Donald
Published: December 2018

What arouses an animal or human from an inactive, nonresponsive state to a condition of activity and responsiveness? What are the biological mechanisms for this change? In this book Donald W. Pfaff focuses on a reproductive behavior typical of many female animals. Sensory stimuli from the male trigger responses in a well-defined circuit of nerve cells. At the top of the circuit, certain nerve cells receive and retain sex hormones such as estrogens and progesterone. As a result, specific genes in these nerve cells are turned on at specific times, affecting in turn the rest of the neural circuit and causing a state of sexual responsiveness. According to Pfaff, the biological bases for the most primitive human drives are largely explained by mechanisms uncovered in animal brains that have not changed in their fundamental properties over millions of years of evolution. Focusing on a single instinctive behavior, in this case the sex drive, is an important step toward understanding the biological reasons for the change from unmotivated to motivated animal behavior.

Bradford Books imprint