bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coteaching in Content Area Classrooms: Lessons and Guiding Questions for Administrators
Authors: Sinclair Anne C. , Bray Laura E. , Wei Yan , Clancy Erin E. , Wexler Jade , Kearns Devin M. , Lemons Christopher J.
Published: November 2018

Secondary school administrators increasingly include students with disabilities in general education classrooms with coteaching models. Theoretically, coteaching enables two educators to attend to the learning needs of students with disabilities while exposing them to grade-level content area instruction. However, our study on teachers’ perceptions of coteaching found that teachers often viewed their schools’ leadership decisions as adversely affecting their ability coteach effectively. The purpose of this article is to provide administrators with an overview of common coteaching models, summarize findings from our study on teachers’ perceptions of how their schools’ leadership influenced their coteaching practices, and provide a set of guiding questions to consider when seeking to support coteaching.
Understanding Sex Offender Community Supervision: A Mixed Methods Approach
Authors: Schaefer Roger L.
Published: November 2018

The process of transitioning from prison to the community poses unique challenges for those who have been convicted of sexually based offenses. Due to the realities associated with the unique challenges facing these individuals, the community supervision process fluctuates along the correctional continuum which polarizes rehabilitative and control. The current study examines how this fluctuation relates to both the supervision process and correctional outcomes. Furthermore, the literature suggests five specific checkpoints along this continuum which are measured both qualitatively and quantitatively. The five checkpoints are Social Reintegration, Community Reentry, Status Maintenance, Statutory Compliance, and Risk Management. Overall, all five checkpoints are included in some way in the community supervision process; and analyses show significant links between the checkpoints and correctional outcomes.
Failure behavior analysis of steel strip–reinforced flexible pipe under combined tension and internal pressure
Authors: Chen Wei , Xiong Haichao , Bai Yong
Published: November 2018

The mechanical behaviors of steel strip–reinforced flexible pipe (steel strip PSP) under combined axial extension → internal pressure ( T→ P) load path were investigated. Typical failure characteristics of pipe samples under pure internal pressure and T→ P load path were identified in the full-scale experiments. A theoretical model for pipe under tension load was proposed to capture the relationship between axial extension of the pipe body and stress state of the steel strip. Numerical study based on finite element (FE) method was conducted to simulate the experiment process, and good agreement between FE data and experiment results were observed. Sensitivity study was conducted to study the effect of some key parameters on the pipe antiburst capacities in T→P load path; the effect of preloaded internal pressure on the pipe tensile capacity in P→T load path was also studied. Useful conclusions were drawn for the design and application of the steel strip PSP.
Rethinking Volunteering as a Form of Unpaid Work
Authors: Overgaard Charlotte
Published: November 2018

This article aims to problematize the ways in which volunteering is presently conceptualized, theorized, and studied by positioning it as a form of unpaid labor. Over six focal points, the article highlights areas that deserve closer scrutiny: the question of when volunteering is work; the formal–informal and paid–unpaid distinctions of work; the notion of “choice,” especially volunteering as the lack of paid work choices; the assumption that volunteer work is similar to informal work; and a recognition that volunteering consists of many different forms of activities, not just one.
What makes neuroethics possible?
Authors: Vidal Fernando
Published: November 2018

Since its emergence in the early 2000s, neuroethics has become a recognized, institutionalized and professionalized field. A central strategy for its successful development has been the claim that it must be an autonomous discipline, distinct in particular from bioethics. Such claim has been justified by the conviction, sustained since the 1990s by the capabilities attributed to neuroimaging technologies, that somehow ‘the mind is the brain’, that the brain sciences can illuminate the full range of human experience and behavior, and that neuroscientific knowledge will have dramatic implications for views of the human, and challenge supposedly established beliefs and practices in domains ranging from self and personhood to the political organization of society. This article examines how that conviction functions as neuroethics’ ideological condition of possibility.
Tracking Colisteners’ Knowledge States During Language Comprehension
Authors: Jouravlev Olessia , Schwartz Rachael , Ayyash Dima , Mineroff Zachary , Gibson Edward , Fedorenko Evelina
Published: November 2018

When we receive information in the presence of other people, are we sensitive to what they do or do not understand? In two event-related-potential experiments, participants read implausible sentences (e.g., “The girl had a little beak”) in contexts that rendered them plausible (e.g., “The girl dressed up as a canary for Halloween”). No semantic-processing difficulty (no N400 effect) ensued when they read the sentences while alone in the room. However, when a confederate was present who did not receive the contexts so that the critical sentences were implausible for him or her, participants exhibited processing difficulty: the social-N400 effect. This effect was obtained when participants were instructed to adopt the confederate’s perspective—and critically, even without such instructions—but not when performing a demanding comprehension task. Thus, unless mental resources are limited, comprehenders engage in modeling the minds not only of those individuals with whom they directly interact but also of those individuals who are merely present during the linguistic exchange.
Late-Holocene variation in vertical thermal gradient from the coastal East China Sea: Links to monsoon climate and coastal upwelling
Authors: He Yuxin , Hu Bangqi , Li Jun , Lu Hongxuan , Yan Hong , Dong Liang , Zhou Xin
Published: November 2018

The evolution history of coastal upwelling systems in the East China Sea over the late-Holocene are important yet difficult to be characterized. Here, we present ~3000-year temperature records based on both alkenones (UK’37) and glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (TEXH86) from a sedimentary core in the coastal upwelling site of the southern East China Sea. By examining the similarity and difference between the down-core TEXH86-derived temperature and records of sea surface temperature, summer monsoon, and winter monsoon, we suggest that the TEXH86 mainly reflects temperature in the subsurface water in the studied site. In this sense, paired temperature records from both surface (UK’37) and subsurface (TEXH86) water would yield an estimation on the vertical thermal gradient, which provides insight into the upwelling strength in the summer season. Weak upwelling periods occurred at 2600–2800 yr BP, 2000–2400 yr BP, 1200–1550 yr BP, 350–750 yr BP, and the recent ~100 years. Positive correlations among the coastal upwelling, the Asian summer monsoon, and the solar irradiance in centennial scales at ~100–3000 yr BP indicate that solar-induced summer monsoonal wind might be responsible for the coastal upwelling in the studied area. However, weak upwelling intensity and weak monsoonal strength under the background of relatively warm global temperature and strong solar irradiance since the end of the ‘Little Ice Age’ (LIA) might suggest a different climatic response to the natural irradiance, asking for further work on the underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon in a widespread area.
DRG-Derived Neural Progenitors Differentiate into Functional Enteric Neurons Following Transplantation in the Postnatal Colon
Authors: Hu Hui , Ding Yuanyuan , Mu Wenbo , Li Ying , Wang Yanpeng , Jiang Weifang , Fu Yong , Tou Jinfa , Chen Wei
Published: November 2018

Cell therapy has great promise for treating gastrointestinal motility disorders caused by intestinal nervous system (ENS) diseases. However, appropriate sources, other than enteric neural stem cells and human embryonic stem cells, are seldom reported. Here, we show that neural progenitors derived from the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of EGFP mice survived, differentiated into enteric neurons and glia cells, migrated widely from the site of injection, and established neuron-muscle connections following transplantation into the distal colon of postnatal mice. The exogenous EGFP+ neurons were physiologically functional as shown by the activity of calcium imaging. This study shows that that other tissues besides the postnatal bowel harbor neural crest stem cells or neural progenitors that have the potential to differentiate into functional enteric neurons in vivo and can potentially be used for intestinal nerve regeneration. These DRG-derived neural progenitor cells may be a choice for cell therapy of ENS disease as an allograft. The new knowledge provided by our study is important for the development of neural crest stem cell and cell therapy for the treatment of intestinal neuropathy.
Invincible bodies: American sport media’s racialization of Black and white college football players
Authors: Haslerig Siduri J , Vue Rican , Grummert Sara E
Published: November 2018

As the most watched college sport broadcast of all time, the US Entertainment and Sports Programming Network (ESPN)’s College GameDay (CGD) is one source of socialization that primes US audiences to make certain associations. Through disaggregated analysis of regular- and post-season CGD pre-game and game-of-the-week broadcasts during the 2016 football season, the authors examine the coverage of players’ physicality and injuries, contrasting the portrayals of Black and white American football players. The paper documents prominent narratives that promoted Black players as relatively invulnerable, while making the case that these narratives serve to prime audiences to ascribe inhuman abilities to Black people and thereby reinforce white supremacist ideology.
Cultural diffusion and international inbound tourism: Evidence from China
Authors: Qiang Mengmeng , Shen Manhong , Xie Huiming
Published: November 2018

Cultural diffusion is an important noneconomic determinant of tourism demand but has received less focus in the literature. This study seeks to address this gap by focusing on the impact of the Confucius Institute, an important institution of Chinese cultural diffusion, on inbound tourism to China. It is shown that the Confucius Institute positively contributes to the Chinese inbound tourism flows, even when the endogeneity of Confucius Institutes is considered. Moreover, the impact of the Confucius Institute on China’s inbound tourism has a lagged effect and regional heterogeneity. In addition, cultural distance is a mediating variable of the Confucius Institute on tourism demand. As cultural distance increases, the impact of the Confucius Institute on China’s international tourism flow first rises and then decreases.
“Gjesten har aldri rett” – Bartendere på hippe utesteders forståelse av yrket
Authors: Wigenstad Skule
Published: November 2018

Aim:

Studies of bartenders often focus on over-serving and bartenders’ role in venues with a lot of violence and disorderly patrons. The aim of this article is to show how bartenders in hip venues in downtown Oslo experience bartender culture and what activities they themselves emphasize as important and distinctive to the profession.

Method:

The article is based on 11 interviews with bartenders working at popular and hip nightlife venues in an area of Oslo typically characterized by a culturally conscious clientele. The analysis is inspired by an open coding where the most important trends in the material are identified and classified.

Result:

The informants pay particular attention to three important activities when describing the bartender profession: defining the visitors as guests, correcting the guests’ behaviour, and “being themselves”. These highlighted practices are often overlooked in other bartender studies.

Conclusion:

The sum of these practices gives both great authority over the guests and a great freedom in how the profession is to be exercised. While several previous studies have largely demonstrated that the freedom and ability of the bartender to influence the workplace is limited, this study shows how bartenders in hip venues in downtown Oslo distance themselves from the traditional understanding of bartenders since they strongly emphasize that they are in control over what goes on in the venues.
Markets in votes: Alienability, strict secrecy, and political clientelism
Authors: Maloberti Nicolás
Published: November 2018

Standard rationales for the illegality of markets in votes are based on concerns over the undue influence of wealth and the erosion of civic responsibility that would result from the commodification of votes. I present an alternative rationale based on how the mere alienability of votes alters the strategic setting faced by political actors. The inalienability of votes ensure the strict secrecy of voting, that is, the inability of voters to communicate credibly to others the content of their votes. In doing so, it diminishes the credibility of all political actors’ clientelistic promises to reciprocate. By drastically reducing the transaction costs of vote exchanges, the legality of markets in votes would thus exacerbate the detrimental effects of political clientelism on the quality of democratic governments.
Mobilizing the Next Generation of Health Advocates: Building Our Collective Capacity to Advocate for Health Education and Health Equity Through SOPHE Advocacy Summits
Authors: Thomas Evelyn
Published: November 2018

In this Career Development commentary, the author highlights the benefits of attending the Society for Public Health Education Advocacy Summit in Washington, D.C. Advocacy is an increasingly necessary skill that allows health educators to advance both the field of public health and their own career development as professionals. Students and practitioners from diverse health education settings get to connect with other professionals, attend skill-building workshops, and increase their ability to influence health policy. From a career development perspective, the Summit provides opportunities to develop professional networks, gain experience and continuing education in several areas of responsibility for health education specialists, and share lessons learned with colleagues in health education and public health.
MicroRNA Regulation of Energy Metabolism to Induce Chemoresistance in Cancers
Authors: Ye Jin , Zou Manman , Li Pei , Liu Hui
Published: November 2018

Since “Warburg effect” has been firstly uncovered in cancer cells in 1956, mounting evidence has supported the molecular mechanism underlying the energy metabolism in induced chemoresistance in cancers. MicroRNAs can mediate fine-tuning of genes in physiological process. MicroRNAs’ energy metabolic role in chemoresistance has been probed recently. In this review, we summarize 5 microRNAs in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism and other energy metabolism. They partially modulate chemoresistance to cancer treatments. Furthermore, we discuss the great therapeutic potential of metabolism-related microRNAs in novel combinatorial means to treat human cancers.
Free Energy Balance of Polyamide, Polyester and Polypropylene Surfaces
Authors: Bachurová Marcela , Wiener Jakub
Published: November 2018

The wettability of a solid surface is often characterized by the contact angle of liquid on the solid surface. The wettability is pertinent to surface energy, which is an important parameter. The wettability can be affected, for example, by the roughness of the solid surface. In our work textiles are used as macroscopic roughness surfaces, and smooth plate surfaces are used as well to determine surface energies. For the calculation of surface energies it is fundamental to know the contact angle. The advancing and receding contact angles are measured, and the relation between the hysteresis and surface energy is monitored.
Upward Needleless Electrospinning of Nanofibers
Authors: Niu Haitao , Wang Xungai , Lin Tong
Published: November 2018

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers were prepared by a needleless electrospinning method using three rotating fiber generators, cylinder, disc and coil. The effects of the spinneret shape on the electrospinning process and resultant fiber morphology were examined. The disc spinneret needed the lowest voltage to initiate fiber formation, followed by the coil and cylinder. Compared to cylinder, the disc and coil produced finer fibers with narrower diameter distribution. The productivity of a coil was 23 g/hr, which was much larger than that of the cylinder spinneret having the same length and diameter. Finite elementary method was used to analyze the electric field. Stronger electric field was found to be formed on disc and coil surface, which concentrated on the disc circumferential edge and coil wire surface, respectively. For cylinder, the high intensity electric field was mainly concentrated on the end area. Concentrated electric field on the fiber generating surface could be used to explain the better electrospinning performance of coil, which may form a new concept for designing needleless electrospinning spinnerets.
Investigation of a New Needleless Electrospinning Method for the Production of Nanofibers
Authors: Nurwaha Deogratias , Han Wanli , Wang Xinhou
Published: November 2018

This paper presents the possibility of nanofiber formation by a new multiple jet method. A novel needleless electrospinning apparatus was used to produce nanofibers. This employs a new design for supplying solution to a metal roller spinneret. The advantage of this setup is its ease of scaling-up for increased output. Using this new method it was possible to increase the nanofiber production rate because of the multiple jets. The productivity rate has been significantly enhanced and was 24–30 times higher than single needle electrospinning. It was also possible to produce thinner fibers than the single needle method. It was found that fibers produced by this novel needleless electrospinning had fewer beadings than fibers produced by the conventional electrospinning method. The effects of processing parameters including applied voltage and spinning electrospinning distance on eletrospun fiber diameter were also investigated. The study showed that the electrospun fiber diameter was strongly governed by the processing parameters. It was observed that there was a strong interaction between these parameters.
Improving UV Resistance of Fibers: Idealized Computational Model Predicting the Distribution of UV Blocking Cylindrical Nanoparticles in Protective Polymeric Layer
Authors: Seyam Abdelfattah Mohamed , Vallabh Rahul , Hassanin Ahmed H.
Published: November 2018

High strength fibers such as PBO and Kevlar are used to produce composites, bulletproof vests, tendons of giant scientific balloons, and other high performance products. These fibers, however, are known to degrade upon exposure to Ultraviolet (UV) radiation which causes premature failure of the end-products. Improving UV resistance of high strength fibers like PBO through methods such as adding UV inhibiting particles during filament spinning or dyeing/coating process is not only extremely difficult, but often fails to provide the adequate UV protection. As an alternative to conventional approaches, UV protection of high performance yarns/braids can be effectively achieved by covering them with a polymeric sheath containing dispersed UV inhibiting nanoparticles. In this work, a computational model was developed to optimize critical factors such as thickness (weight) of the protective sheath and the amount of UV blockers for a given particle size, which influence the UV protective efficiency of the sheath. In order to simulate three-dimensional dispersion of nanoparticles in a polymer matrix, the model considers a random distribution of cylindrical nanoparticles of different size, aspect ratio, and volume fraction in a three-dimensional volume of protective sheath of a given length, width, and thickness. 2D visualization and image analysis techniques were utilized to determine the area projected by the particles on the x-y plane (areal coverage provided by nanoparticles). The areal coverage values obtained from the model were found to be higher than the experimental results due to the agglomeration of nanoparticles in the sheath caused during the polymer compounding process. However, the purpose of the model is to serve as a benchmarking tool to aid in the design and development of UV protective sheaths and films, and not to estimate absolute UV protection values. Analysis of the relationship between areal coverage and various input parameters in the model show that areal coverage increases with an increase in particle volume fraction and film thickness, and a decrease in particle diameter and length. It was also found that areal coverage was more significantly influenced by particle aspect ratio than by particle length.
Titanium Dioxide Nanofibers through Forcespinning
Authors: Vasquez Horacio , Gutierrez Horacio , Lozano Karen , Leal Gerardo
Published: November 2018

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanofibers with potential applications in the fabrication of dye sensitized solar cells, photocatalysts, gas sensors, and water treatment systems, among others, have been produced at large yield rates utilizing the Forcespinning® (FS) technology. This study presents the results of research performed to determine optimal processing parameters to create TiO2 nanofibers at a high production rate. The effects of polymer concentration and angular velocity on fiber formation, yield rate, average fiber diameter, and homogeneity of the nanofibers were studied. Scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction analysis were conducted on the produced systems. The developed homogeneous, bead-free, continuous nanofibers were subsequently heat treated under different calcination conditions. The resultant TiO2 fibers were characterized to determine the correlation between the occurrence of anatase and/or rutile phases, the heat treatment conditions, and other adjustable parameters.
Opposition and dissidence: Two modes of resistance against international rule
Authors: Daase Christopher , Deitelhoff Nicole
Published: November 2018

Rule is commonly conceptualized with reference to the compliance it invokes. In this article, we propose a conception of rule via the practice of resistance instead. In contrast to liberal approaches, we stress the possibility of illegitimate rule, and, as opposed to critical approaches, the possibility of legitimate authority. In the international realm, forms of rule and the changes they undergo can thus be reconstructed in terms of the resistance they provoke. To this end, we distinguish between two types of resistance—opposition and dissidence—in order to demonstrate how resistance and rule imply each other. We draw on two case studies of resistance in and to international institutions to illustrate the relationship between rule and resistance and close with a discussion of the normative implications of such a conceptualization.
KOOS-JR Demonstrates Psychometric Limitations in Measuring Knee Health in Individuals After ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Hunnicutt Jennifer L. , Hand Brittany N. , Gregory Chris M. , Slone Harris S. , McLeod Michelle M. , Pietrosimone Brian , Kuenze Christopher , Velozo Craig A.
Published: November 2018

Background:

Measurement properties of the short form of the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS-JR) are not established in individuals after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which the KOOS-JR measures the construct of knee health in individuals post-ACLR using Rasch analysis.

Hypothesis:

The KOOS-JR will fit the Rasch model, but significant ceiling effects will be present.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Level of Evidence:

Level 3.

Methods:

Rasch analysis of the KOOS-JR from 166 individuals 10 months post-ACLR was conducted. Unidimensionality, a key criterion of the Rasch model, was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis. Model fit of the rating scale, items, and persons were evaluated. Mean square fit statistics ≥1.6 and standardized z-scores ≥2.0 were indicative of person or item misfit. Additionally, reliability indicators including person reliability and separation indices were examined.

Results:

The KOOS-JR fit the criteria of unidimensionality. All items demonstrated model fit; however, ceiling effects were noted (n = 36; 22%). Person reliability was low (0.47). Calculation of person strata revealed that the KOOS-JR did not separate participants into more than 1 stratum. The mean person measure was 3.56 logits higher than the mean item measure, indicating that this sample is skewed toward increased knee health.

Conclusion:

Although the KOOS-JR represented a unidimensional construct with items and persons fitting the Rasch model, several limitations were noted: ceiling effects, low person reliability, and poor person differentiation. Ceiling effects indicate that many individuals in this sample experienced better knee health than the KOOS-JR items were able to measure.

Clinical Relevance:

Evaluating the measurement properties of the KOOS-JR is necessary to determine its clinical value in sports medicine. In later stages after ACLR recovery, administration of the KOOS-JR may not be adequate.
Multi-agents features on Android platforms
Authors: Pintea Camelia-M. , Tripon Andreea Camelia , Avram Anca , Crişan Gloria-Cerasela
Published: November 2018

The current paper shows the multi-agents capabilities for valid and flexible applications when using a framework. Agent-based functions were used within JADE framework for an Android messaging application with all requirements included. In the paper are described the architecture, the main functions and the databases integration of a user friendly agent-based application. There are included existing and possible multi-agents characteristics to provide integration with mobile platforms and storage challenges to improve the user experience through data mining.
On the parallelization of stellar evolution codes
Authors: Martin David , José Jordi , Longland Richard
Published: November 2018

Multidimensional nucleosynthesis studies with hundreds of nuclei linked through thousands of nuclear processes are still computationally prohibitive. To date, most nucleosynthesis studies rely either on hydrostatic/hydrodynamic simulations in spherical symmetry, or on post-processing simulations using temperature and density versus time profiles directly linked to huge nuclear reaction networks.

Parallel computing has been regarded as the main permitting factor of computationally intensive simulations. This paper explores the different pros and cons in the parallelization of stellar codes, providing recommendations on when and how parallelization may help in improving the performance of a code for astrophysical applications.

We report on different parallelization strategies succesfully applied to the spherically symmetric, Lagrangian, implicit hydrodynamic code , extensively used in the modeling of classical novae and type I X-ray bursts.

When only matrix build-up and inversion processes in the nucleosynthesis subroutines are parallelized (a suitable approach for post-processing calculations), the huge amount of time spent on communications between cores, together with the small problem size (limited by the number of isotopes of the nuclear network), result in a much worse performance of the parallel application compared to the 1-core, sequential version of the code. Parallelization of the matrix build-up and inversion processes in the nucleosynthesis subroutines is not recommended unless the number of isotopes adopted largely exceeds 10,000.

In sharp contrast, speed-up factors of 26 and 35 have been obtained with a parallelized version of , in a 200-shell simulation of a type I X-ray burst carried out with two nuclear reaction networks: a reduced one, consisting of 324 isotopes and 1392 reactions, and a more extended network with 606 nuclides and 3551 nuclear interactions. Maximum speed-ups of ∼41 (324-isotope network) and ∼85 (606-isotope network), are also predicted for 200 cores, stressing that the number of shells of the computational domain constitutes an effective upper limit for the maximum number of cores that could be used in a parallel application.
Can I Have Your Recipe? Using a Fidelity of Implementation (FOI) Framework to Identify the Key Ingredients of Formative Assessment for Learning
Authors: Offerdahl Erika G. , McConnell Melody , Boyer Jeffrey
Published: November 2018

For decades, formative assessment has been identified as a high-impact instructional practice that positively affects student learning. Education reform documents such as Vision and Change: A Call to Action expressly identify frequent, ongoing formative assessment and feedback as a key instructional practice in student-centered learning environments. Historically, effect sizes between 0.4 and 0.7 have been reported for formative assessment experiments. However, more recent meta-analyses have reported much lower effect sizes. It is unclear whether the variability in reported effects is due to formative assessment as an instructional practice in and of itself, differences in how formative assessment was enacted across studies, or other mitigating factors. We propose that application of a fidelity of implementation (FOI) framework to define the critical components of formative assessment will increase the validity of future impact studies. In this Essay, we apply core principles from the FOI literature to hypothesize about the critical components of formative assessment as a high-impact instructional practice. In doing so, we begin the iterative process through which further research can develop valid and reliable measures of the FOI of formative assessment. Such measures are necessary to empirically determine when, how, and under what conditions formative assessment supports student learning.
Structural changes in amygdala nuclei, hippocampal subfields and cortical thickness following electroconvulsive therapy in treatment-resistant depression: longitudinal analysis
Authors: Gryglewski Gregor , Baldinger-Melich Pia , Seiger René , Godbersen Godber Mathis , Michenthaler Paul , Klöbl Manfred , Spurny Benjamin , Kautzky Alexander , Vanicek Thomas , Kasper Siegfried , Frey Richard , Lanzenberger Rupert
Published: November 2018

Background

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the treatment of choice for severe mental illness including treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Increases in volume of the hippocampus and amygdala following ECT have consistently been reported.

Aims

To investigate neuroplastic changes after ECT in specific hippocampal subfields and amygdala nuclei using high-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov – NCT02379767).

Method

MRI scans were carried out in 14 patients (11 women, 46.9 years (s.d. = 8.1)) with unipolar TRD twice before and once after a series of right unilateral ECT in a pre–post study design. Volumes of subcortical structures, including subfields of the hippocampus and amygdala, and cortical thickness were extracted using FreeSurfer. The effect of ECT was tested using repeated-measures ANOVA. Correlations of imaging and clinical parameters were explored.

Results

Increases in volume of the right hippocampus by 139.4 mm3 (s.d. = 34.9), right amygdala by 82.3 mm3 (s.d. = 43.9) and right putamen by 73.9 mm3 (s.d. = 77.0) were observed. These changes were localised in the basal and lateral nuclei, and the corticoamygdaloid transition area of the amygdala, the hippocampal–amygdaloid transition area and the granule cell and molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. Cortical thickness increased in the temporal, parietal and insular cortices of the right hemisphere.

Conclusions

Following ECT structural changes were observed in hippocampal subfields and amygdala nuclei that are specifically implicated in the pathophysiology of depression and stress-related disorders and retain a high potential for neuroplasticity in adulthood.

Declaration of interest

S.K. has received grants/research support, consulting fees and/or honoraria within the past 3 years from Angelini, AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals AG, AstraZeneca, Celegne GmbH, Eli Lilly, Janssen-Cilag Pharma GmbH, KRKA-Pharma, Lundbeck A/S, Neuraxpharm, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Schwabe and Servier. R.L. received travel grants and/or conference speaker honoraria from Shire, AstraZeneca, Lundbeck A/S, Dr. Willmar Schwabe GmbH, Orphan Pharmaceuticals AG, Janssen-Cilag Pharma GmbH, and Roche Austria GmbH.
Psychiatrists, spirituality and religion
Authors: Poole Rob , Cook Christopher C. H. , Higgo Robert
Published: November 2018

The consensus within psychiatry is that patients' religion/spirituality are legitimate topics in assessment and treatment. Religion/spirituality can help people cope with mental illness, but their use as therapeutic tools is controversial. Despite the publication of position statements by national and international psychiatric organisations, there is no clarity over therapeutic boundaries.

Declaration of interest

R.P. and R.H. are atheists. C.C.H.C. is an ordained Anglican and a past Chair of the Royal College of Psychiatrists Spirituality and Psychiatry Special Interest Group. He writes here in a personal capacity.
Withanolides and 26-Hydroxylated Derivatives with Anti-Inflammatory Property from Solanum Capsicoide
Authors: Lin You-Cheng , Chao Chih-Hua , Ahmed Atallah F , Chen Yang-Yih , Hwang Tsong-Long , Liu Ho-Yih , Sheu Jyh-Horng
Published: November 2018

A phytochemical investigation of the leaves of Solanum capsicoides resulted in the isolation and characterization of five new withanolide-type steroids, capsisteroids G–K (1–5), along with three known analogues (6–8). Their structures were identified by interpretation of the NMR and HRESIMS data as well as by spectral data comparison with known analogues. The isolated steroids were found to be not cytotoxic against a limited panel of cancer cell lines. The ability of the isolated steroids to suppress superoxide anion generation and elastase release in N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine/cytochalasin B (fMLF/CB)-induced human neutrophils was also evaluated and displayed variable activities.
Two-Day Residence at 2500 m to 4300 m Does Not Affect Subsequent Exercise Performance at 4300 m
Authors: KENEFICK ROBERT W. , BEIDLEMAN BETH A. , ANDREW SEAN P. , CADARETTE BRUCE S. , MUZA STEPHEN R. , FULCO CHARLES S.
Published: November 2018

Purpose

To determine the efficacy residing for 2 d at various altitudes while sedentary (S) or active (A; ~90 min hiking 2 d) on exercise performance at 4300 m.

Methods

Sea-level (SL) resident men (n = 45) and women (n = 21) (mean ± SD; 23 ± 5 yr; 173 ± 9 cm; 73 ± 12 kg; V˙O2peak = 49 ± 7 mL·kg−1·min−1) were randomly assigned to a residence group and, S or A within each group: 2500 m (n = 11S, 8A), 3000 m (n = 6S, 12A), 3500 m (n = 6S, 8A), or 4300 m (n = 7S, 8A). Exercise assessments occurred at SL and 4300 m after 2-d residence and consisted of 20 min of steady-state (SS) treadmill walking (45% ± 3% SL V˙O2peak) and a 5-mile, self-paced running time trial (TT). Arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) and HR were recorded throughout exercise. Resting SpO2 was recorded at SL, at 4 and 46 h of residence, and at 4300 m before exercise assessment. To determine if 2-d altitude residence improved 4300 m TT performance, results were compared with estimated performances using a validated prediction model.

Results

For all groups, resting SpO2 was reduced (P < 0.01) after 4 h of residence relative to SL inversely to the elevation and did not improve after 46 h. Resting SpO2 (~83%) did not differ among groups at 4300 m. Although SL and 4300 m SS exercise SpO2 (97% ± 2% to 74% ± 4%), HR (123 ± 10 bpm to 140 ± 12 bpm) and TT duration (51 ± 9 to 73 ± 16 min) were different (P < 0.01), responses at 4300 m were similar among all groups, as was actual and predicted 4300 m TT performances (74 ± 12 min).

Conclusions

Residing for 2 d at 2500 to 4300 m, with or without daily activity, did not improve resting SpO2, SS exercise responses, or TT performance at 4300 m.
The use of casts in equine wound management
Authors: Parker Russell
Published: November 2018

Russell Parker BVSc MSc DECVS MRCVS, Liphook Equine Hospital, explains their role in supporting healing and their application
The potential of e-health in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Avery Pearl , Gray Lynn
Published: November 2018

IBD nurses Pearl Avery of Dorset County Hospital and Lynn Gray of Wirral University Hospital answer questions on the uses of e-health
Managing psoriasis – how to answer questions patients ask?
Authors: Onselen Julie Van
Published: November 2018

Julie Van Onselen answers some of the most common questions from patients about this skin condition
Longitudinal differences in Scots pine shoot elongation
Authors: Andersson Gull Bengt , Persson Torgny , Fedorkov Aleksey , Mullin Tim
Published: November 2018

Phenology can have a profound effect on growth and climatic adaptability of long-lived, northern tree species such as Scots pine ( L.), where the onset of growth in the spring is triggered mainly by accumulated heat, while cessation of growth is related to the joint effect of photoperiod and temperature. In this study, the objectives were: (1) to compare shoot phenology of genetic material from Scandinavia (maritime climate origin) and northern Russia (continental climate origin) sources, under field conditions in both Scandinavia and Russia (maritime and continental growth conditions); and (2) to estimate the heritabilities of phenological parameters. The material used was part of a larger provenance test series involving Scots pine populations and open-pollinated plus-tree families from Russia, Sweden and Finland. Terminal shoot elongation was measured on multiple occasions during the seventh growing season from seed at a trial near BÃ¤cksjÃ¶n (Sweden) and Syktyvkar (northern Russia). We calculated the regression of relative shoot elongation over accumulated heat sum above +5 Â°C using an exponential expression. Seedlings of Swedish and Russian provenance had similar heat-sum requirements for growth onset and cessation in both trials. More northern provenances started onset and cessation at a lower temperature sum, but heat accumulation requirements for onset were not fixed. Scots pine may suffer from spring frost due to earlier growth onset in a warming climate. Variation and heritability of phenological traits show potential to adapt Scots pine to new climate conditions by breeding.Pinus sylvestris
Fungal stains on paper: is what you see what you get?
Authors: Sequeira S. O. , Carvalho H. Paiva de , Mesquita N. , Portugal A. , Macedo M. F.
Published: November 2018

Mitigation of fungal biodeterioration on paper documents and artworks represents a challenge to conservators worldwide. Numerous lists of fungal species have been identified from paper collections, but are those species responsible for the respective biodeterioration phenomena or just environmental contaminants? The present work was aimed at obtaining an association between specific fungal stains and causative fungal species. 23 stains from three paper documents were sampled. Fungal structures observed in situ with optical and scanning electron microscopy were compared with the identification of isolates by molecular biology tools. Correlation between the observed fungal structures and the identified fungal isolates was achieved, varying from 13% to 64% of the samples within the three studied documents. Grey/black and dark brown stains were associated with Chaetomium globosum, C. murorum, Penicillium chrysogenum, P. commune, Myxotrichum deflexum and Stachybotrys chartarum. Eurotium rubrum was isolated from a foxing stain and Penicillium citrinum was identified on light orange stains.
Bakry-Émery Conditions on Almost Smooth Metric Measure Spaces
Authors: Honda Shouhei
Published: November 2018

In this short note, we give a sufficient condition for almost smooth compact metric measure spaces to satisfy the Bakry-Émery condition BE(K, N). The sufficient condition is satisfied for the glued space of any two (not necessary same dimensional) closed pointed Riemannian manifolds at their base points. This tells us that the BE condition is strictly weaker than the RCD condition even in this setting, and that the local dimension is not constant even if the space satisfies the BE condition with the coincidence between the induced distance by the Cheeger energy and the original distance. In particular, the glued space gives a first example with a Ricci bound from below in the Bakry-Émery sense, whose local dimension is not constant. We also give a necessary and sufficient condition for such spaces to be RCD(K, N) spaces.
Mystified Consciousness: Rethinking the Rise of the Far Right with Marx and Lacan
Authors: Leeb Claudia
Published: November 2018

This paper brings core concepts coined by Karl Marx in conversation with Jacques Lacan to analyse some of the mechanisms that have mystified subjects’ consciousness, and contributed to a scenario where the (white) working-classes in the United States and elsewhere turned to the far right that further undermines their existence, instead of uniting with the raced and gendered working class to overthrow capitalism. It explains that the money fetish, which we find at the centre of the American Dream of wholeness (on earth), serves as the unconscious fantasy object petit a to deal with the desires and fears subjects fundamental non-wholeness creates, which have been heightened by the insecurities of neoliberal capitalism and exploited by the far right. It also shows how religion offers the illusion of wholeness in the sky, which produces subjects who endure rather than rebel against their suffering. Finally, it explains how the far-right brands the sexed and raced working-classes as inferior to uphold the illusion of the white working-class subjects as whole, which further undermines the creation of a revolutionary proletariat.
Narrating the Modern Relation between Masculinity and Care
Authors: Tholen Toni
Published: November 2018

The article is based on the debate about care concepts and care practices currently being held in the cultural and social sciences. It is shown how gender, and in particular concepts of masculinity, have been linked with care since the 19th century. It turns out that the feminine connotation of care that was popular for a long time only represents one side of the relationship between care and gender. From a transdisciplinary perspective, the complex interdependency between care and modern concepts of masculinity is demonstrated. Based on historically and theoretically meaningful texts, processes of excluding and including care aspects in aesthetic-literary, philological, philosophical, and socio-scientific narrations, constructions and discourses of masculinity are revealed. In reference to a critical reading of the tradition of the art of living, these considerations seek to offer and to point out alternative, non-hegemonic masculinities by incorporating practices of everyday (self-)care in male forms of existence. Particular emphasis is placed on contemporary literature.
Insulin resistance linked to subtle myocardial dysfunction in normotensive Turner syndrome young patients without structural heart diseases
Authors: AbdelMassih Antoine Fakhry , Attia Mona , Ismail Mohamed M. , Samir Mohamed
Published: November 2018

Background

Turner syndrome (TS) patients have increased cardiovascular risk. This cardiovascular risk is famously attributed to structural abnormalities of the left side of the heart such as aortic stenosis and aortic coarctation. However, due to insulin resistance and subsequent pathogenic mechanisms, normotensive TS patients without structural abnormalities may develop varying degrees of myocardial dysfunction. The aim of this research was to examine the role of speckle tracking echocardiography in early detection of Turner cardiomyopathy and to correlate this myocardial dysfunction with measures of insulin resistance.

Methods

This cross-sectional case control study included 30 children with TS and 30 age-matched healthy controls. TS patients were excluded if: hypertensive, with major structural abnormalities of the heart or other systemic diseases that may affect myocardial function. Conventional speckle tracking echocardiography and glucose-insulin ratio were performed for all study subjects.

Results

Routine echocardiographic parameters of left ventricular systolic function were similar in cases and controls while global longitudinal and circumferential strain (GLS and GCS) were lower in patients with TS than controls: (−13.2±1.1 vs. −18.3±2.4, p-value<0.000) and (−11.3±1.1 vs. −16.3±2.1, p-value<0.000), respectively. Fasting glucose:insulin ratio (FGIR) proved to be the best predictor of myocardial dysfunction in TS patients by multivariate analysis.

Conclusions

This study points towards the potential role of two-dimensional (2D) speckle tracking echocardiography in early detection of subtle systolic myocardial dysfunction in TS patients. It also points towards the implication of insulin resistance in precipitation of the observed dysfunction in TS patients.
A’ingae (Cofán/Kofán) Operators
Authors: Hengeveld Kees , Fischer Rafael
Published: November 2018

The aim of this paper is to show how the TAME system of A'ingae, a language isolate spoken in Colombia and Ecuador, can be captured within the theoretical framework of Functional Discourse Grammar. An important prediction in this theory is that the surface order of TAME expressions reflects the scope relations between them in their underlying representation. An initial analysis reveals that, with three exceptions, the A'ingae TAME system confirms this prediction. Closer inspection of the three exceptions, which concern basic illocution, evidentiality, and quantificational aspect, then reveals that on the one hand, the theoretical model has to be adapted, while on the other hand some of the A'ingae facts allow for an alternative interpretation.
Continuous flow synthesis of α-aryl-α-aminophosphonates
Authors: Bálint Erika , Tajti Ádám , Ladányi-Pára Katalin , Tóth Nóra , Mátravölgyi Béla , Keglevich György
Published: November 2018

The synthesis of α-aryl-α-aminophosphonates was performed by the three-component Kabachnik-Fields reaction of primary amines, benzaldehyde derivatives and dialkyl phosphites in a continuous flow microwave reactor. The target compounds could be obtained in high (~90%) yields without any catalyst in simple alcohols as the solvent. The flow process elaborated required shorter reaction times and lower excess of the reagent, as compared to the “traditional” batch reactions, and allowed the synthesis of the α-aminophosphonates on a somewhat larger scale.
Einführung in die rückführbare Messung von Power Quality
Authors: Mester Christian , Braun Jean-Pierre , Ané Charles
Published: November 2018

Das Eidgenössische Institut für Metrologie METAS verfügt über ein Kalibriersystem für Power Quality Analyser, das auf das Internationale Einheitensystem SI zurückgeführt ist. Es wird für die Kalibrierung, Prüfung und unabhängige Zertifizierung von Power Quality Analysern verwendet. In diesem Artikel wird zunächst das Themenfeld Versorgungsqualität betrachtet, wobei die normierten Kenngrößen kurz erklärt werden. Anschließend wird das Kalibriersystem des METAS erklärt und eine Messunsicherheitsberechnung am Beispiel der Kenngröße Flicker durchgeführt.