bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A mathematical model for determining and analyzing temperature regimes in a battery pack of electric trucks
Authors: Гавриш В. І. , Лоїк В. Б. , Король О. С. , Синельніков О. Д.
Published: May 2020

A mathematical model for the determination of the temperature field and the analysis of temperature regimes in lithium-ion batteries have been developed. Using the theory of generalized functions, the thermophysical parameters of the structural components of a battery are represented by a single mathematical relation. A function in the form of the product of the generalized thermal conductivity coefficient for temperature was introduced, which avoided the differentiation of the product of two generalized functions as a result of constructing the initial differential equation of thermal conductivity, which was obtained with discontinuous coefficients. An analytical solution of this equation is determined, which is expressed by the temperature value at the conjugation surfaces of the layers of the structure. A relation was obtained to determine these values ​​and expressions for constant integration. To determine the numerical values ​​of the temperature in the design of the battery nodes, as well as to analyze the temperature gradients in its environment caused by the heterogeneity of the components due to heating, an algorithm and computational programs have been developed that allow to analyze lithium-ion batteries for their normal functioning. Using numerical programs, numerical values ​​of the temperature were obtained for given values ​​of the power of the internal heat sources, which made it possible to construct curves that reflect the behavior of the temperature field depending on the spatial coordinate. The angular points on the curve are revealed, which indicate the presence of a phase transition in the design of lithium-ion battery assemblies. As a consequence, it becomes possible to determine the permissible temperature values ​​for the fire safety of these batteries.
Application of the Monte Carlo algorithm for solving volume integral equation in light scattering simulations
Authors: Kraszewski Maciej , Pluciński Jerzy
Published: May 2020

Various numerical methods were proposed for analysis of the light scattering phenomenon. An important group of these methods is based on solving the volume integral equation describing the light scattering process. The popular method from this group is the discrete dipole approximation. Discrete dipole approximation uses various numerical algorithms to solve the discretized integral equation. In the recent years, the application of the Monte Carlo algorithm as one of them was proposed. In this research, we analyze the application of the Monte Carlo algorithm for two cases: the light scattering by large particles and by random conglomerates of small particles. We show that if proper preconditioning of the numerical problem is applied, the Monte Carlo algorithm can solve the underlying systems of linear equations. We also show that the efficiency of the Monte Carlo algorithm can be increased by reusing performed computations for various incident electromagnetic waves and the applicability of the Monte Carlo algorithm depends on the particular use case. It is unlikely to be used in the case of light scattering by the large particles due to computational times inferior comparing with the other numerical methods but may become useful in the case of light scattering by the random conglomerates of small scattering particles.
Structure equation as novel strategy for optimum reflector design
Authors: Chung-Jen Ou
Published: May 2020

The optimal use of energy resources is the central dogma for green technology and bio-optics. Reflectors provide a simple and fundamental structure for energy transport from a light emitting diode (LED) chip, and an appropriately designed reflector can reduce the fabrication cost of secondary optics for the LED. This paper demonstrates the role of three proposed reflector geometric factors in the two performance metrics – uniformity and collected energy (power), for designing LED reflectors. Through canonical factor analysis, a linear structure equation for LED reflector is suggested, and the methodology for designing the optimal shape is discussed. In addition, a generalized factor and a synthesis response are proposed for a more comprehensive investigation of optical performance. Results indicate a key parameter for balancing the optical performance, and the effects of various parameters and the trade-offs are revealed.
Synchronous fluorescence spectra of water contaminated by dispersed crude oil
Authors: Baszanowska Emilia , Otremba Zbigniew
Published: May 2020

The development of petroleum extraction and transport technology does not ensure complete isolation of these substances from the natural environment. This problem is exacerbated by the location of mining equipment on the sea shelf and the fact that numerous submarine pipelines, tankers and handling terminals can also emit oil pollution. Therefore, the possibility of detecting oil dispersed in the water is particularly important. This paper reports the efforts to identify methods of characterization of the water containing the crude oil emulsion in a very low concentration (a few to several tens of ppm). Due to this, the effect of emulsion concentration on the possibility of its objective characterization using synchronous fluorescence spectra was studied. The similarity of spectra at various oil concentrations was analysed. It has been shown that the stabilization of the shape of synchronous fluorescence spectra occurs at relatively low oil concentrations.
Pivarubicin Is More Effective Than Doxorubicin Against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer In Vivo
Authors: Lothstein Leonard , Soberman Judith , Parke Deanna , Gandhi Jatin , Sweatman Trevor , Seagroves Tiffany
Published: May 2020

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is unresponsive to antiestrogen and anti-HER2 therapies, requiring the use of cytotoxic drug combinations of anthracyclines, taxanes, cyclophosphamide, and platinum compounds. Multidrug therapies achieve pathological cure rates of only 2040%, a consequence
of drug resistance and cumulative dose limitations necessitated by the reversible cardiotoxic effects of drug therapy. Safer and more effective treatments for TNBC are required to achieve durable therapeutic responses. This study describes the mechanistic analyses of the novel anthracycline,
pivarubicin, and its in vivo efficacy against human primary TNBC. Pivarubicin directly activates PKCd, triggers rapid mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis, and circumvents resistance conferred by overexpression of P-glycoprotein, Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, and Bcr-Abl. As a consequence, pivarubicin
is more cytotoxic than doxorubicin against MDA-MB-231, and SUM159 TNBC cell lines grown in both monolayer culture and tumorspheres. Comparative in vivo efficacy of pivarubicin and doxorubicin was performed in an orthotopic NSG mouse model implanted with MDA-MB-231 human TNBC cells and treated
with the maximum tolerated doses (MTDs) of pivarubicin and doxorubicin. Tumor growth was monitored by digital caliper measurements and determination of endpoint tumor weight and volume. Endpoint cardiotoxicity was assessed histologically by identifying microvacuolization in ventricular cardiomyocytes.
Primary tumors treated with multiple rounds of doxorubicin at MTD failed to inhibit tumor growth compared with vehicle-treated tumors. However, administration of a single MTD of pivarubicin produced significant inhibition of tumor growth and tumor regression relative to tumor volume prior
to initiation of treatment. Histological analysis of hearts excised from drug- and vehicle-treated mice revealed that pivarubicin produced no evidence of myocardial damage at a therapeutic dose. These results support the development of pivarubicin as a safer and more effective replacement
for doxorubicin against TNBC as well as other malignancies for which doxorubicin therapy is indicated.
Intelligence Clinical Decision Support System for Diabetes Management
Authors: Abu-Kabeer Tasneem , Alshraideh Mohammad , Hayajneh Ferial
Published: May 2020

Diabetes is the most common endocrine disease in all populations and all age groups. The diabetes patient should use correct therapy to live with this disease; there are several of important things to record about the patient and disease that help the doctors to make an optimal decision about the patient treatment. To improve the ability of the physicians, several tools have been proposed by the researchers for developing effective Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS), one of these tools is Artificial Neural Networks(ANN) that are computer paradigms that belong to the computational intelligence family. In this paper, a multilayer perceptron (MLP) feed-forward neural is used to develop a CDSS to determine the regimen type of diabetes management. The input layer of the system includes 25 input variables; the output layer contains one neuron that will produce a number that represents the treatment regimen. A Resilient backpropagation (Rprop) algorithm is used to train the system. In particular, a 10-fold cross-validation scheme was used, an 88.5% classification accuracy from the experiments made on data taken from 228 patient medical records suffering from diabetes (type II).
Laupeudenteko vai ihmisyyden haaksirikko
Authors: Kontro Miia
Published: May 2020

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan Suomen evankelisluterilaisen kirkon piirissä käytyä eutanasiakeskustelua vuosina 2011–2017. Tutkimusaineisto koostuu sanomalehdissä ja kirkon omissa kanavissa julkaistuista kannanotoista, sanomalehtiartikkeleista ja mielipidekirjoituksista, joita tarkastellaan diskurssianalyysin keinoin. Tuloksista selviää kirkon viranhaltijoiden käyttämät kahdeksan eri diskurssia, joilla puhuja perustelee ja pohtii omaa kantaansa suhteessa eutanasiaan. Jumalan kaikkivaltiuden, elämän pyhyyden, vastuun ja kaltevan pinnan diskursseja käytetään eutanasiaa vastustavissa näkemyksissä, jotka korostavat ihmisen toimintavallan rajoja suhteessa toisiin ihmisiin tai Jumalaan. Ristiriitainen asennoituminen eutanasiaan näkyy arvokkuuden, kärsimyksen ja armeliaisuuden diskursseissa, joita käytetään sekä eutanasiaa vastustavissa että puoltavissa näkemyksissä. Lähimmäisenrakkauden diskurssi sisältää toisen sijaan asettumisen näkökulman, jota käytetään yksinomaan eutanasiaa puoltavassa tai ymmärtävässä asennoitumisessa. Tutkimuksen tulokset tarkentavat uskonnolliseen arvomaailmaan pohjautuvia näkemyksiä eutanasiasta.

Act of Mercy or Shipwreck of Humanity: Discourses of the Debate on Euthanasia in the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland 2011 – 2017 

 The article examines the debate on euthanasia in the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland in 2011–2017. The data consists of official statements, newspaper articles, and opinions published in newspapers and in Church's own media channels. The results reveal eight discourses used to justify and reflect the speaker’s attitude towards euthanasia. The discourses of God's omnipotence, the holiness of life, responsibility and slippery slope are used in views against euthanasia. They point out the limitations of human authority in relation to other people or to God. The discourses of dignity, suffering, and mercy are used both for and against euthanasia. The discourse of charity includes the perspective of imagining oneself in the situation of another person and is used mainly in proposing views on euthanasia. The results provide insights on religion-based attitudes towards euthanasia.
Сумеет ли методика преподавания РКИ ответить на вызовы сегодняшнего дня?
Authors: Vokhmina L.L.
Published: May 2020

Статья рассматривает важнейшие факторы, учет которых напрямую влияет на успешность обучения иностранному языку и РКИ. Прежде всего это относится к распространению информационных технологий, широко шагнувших во все сферы жизни, и к произошедшим не без влияния первого фактора значительным изменениям в протекании психологических и физиологических процессов у сегодняшнего молодого поколения, уже и не поколения X, но Y и Z по известной классификации. В статье рассматривается и еще один фактор, оказывающий влияние на скорость и прочность овладения коммуникативной компетенцией. И этот фактор система упражнений, построенная на методологической основе постепенного перехода от полной заданности всех необходимых элементов для языковой реакции учащихся до полной их самостоятельности в построении речевых высказываний в структуре естественных речевых ситуаций.

The article considers the most important factors that directly affect the success of teaching foreign languages. First of all, it applies, to the spread of information technologies that have taken a wide step in all spheres of life and, secondly, significant changes in the psychological and physiological processes in todays young generation, already generation Y and Z according to the known classification, have occurred not without the influence of the first factor. In addition, the article also considers the third factor affecting the speed and strength of mastering communicative competence. And this factor is a system of exercises built on the methodological basis of a gradual transition from a complete set of all the necessary elements for the language reaction of students to their complete independence in the construction of speech utterances in the natural speech situations structure.
Кейс-технологии при обучении иностранных учащихся русской интонации
Authors: Naumenko Yu.M. , Ilina O.A.
Published: May 2020

В статье представлен опыт реализации кейс-технологии в процессе преподавания РКИ. Показано, как кейс-технология может быть спроецирована на одновременное выполнение двух задач обобщение теоретического лингвистического материала и моделирование типичной программы речевого поведения при коммуникации в кафе или ресторане. Обобщаемый лингвистический аспект представляет собой описание интонационных конструкций русского языка, изучаемых на подготовительном факультете. Для реализации обеих задач необходимо ввести новый ориентирующий этап в алгоритм исполнения кейс-технологии, на котором учащиеся под руководством преподавателя систематизируют теоретические знания, верифицируя их на диалогах-образцах, являю- щихся справочным материалом для выполнения задачи кейса.

The article presents the experience of implementing the case-technology in the process of teaching Russian as a foreign language. It is shown how the case-technology can be projected to perform two tasks simultaneously: the generalization of theoretical linguistic material and the modeling of a typical program of speech behavior in the communication act in a cafe or a restaurant. The generalized linguistic aspect is a description of intonational structures of the Russian language studied at the preparative faculty. To implement both tasks it is necessary to introduce a new-orienting-stage in the algorithm of the case technology, in which students, under the guidance of a teacher, systematize their theoretical knowledge, verifying it on sample dialogues which are the reference material for performing the case-task.
Номинации футбольных коллективов Москвы и Санкт-Петербурга в средствах массовой информации и фанатской среде
Authors: Fateev D.N.
Published: May 2020

Статья посвящена анализу создаваемых фанатами и журналистами номинаций футбольных коллективов Москвы и Санкт-Петербурга. Раскрывается история приобретения неофициальных названий клубами, приводятся примеры хвалебных и наездных кричалок.

The article is devoted to the nominations of football teams in Moscow and St. Petersburg created by football fans and journalists. The story of the acquisition of unofficial clubs names is revealed, examples of complimentary and hitting chants are given.
МЕНТАЛЬНОЕ ПРОСТРАНСТВО «УВАЖЕНИЕ»: ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ ПРОДУКТИВНЫХ РЕЧЕВЫХ ДЕЙСТВИЙ НА РУССКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ КАК НЕРОДНОМ
Authors: Epifanova V.V.
Published: May 2020

В статье анализируются средства, выражающие уважение к другому человеку/людям в русском языке с позиции семантики. Подробно представлен алгоритм работы с наборами выражения базовых смыслов, входящих в понятие уважения, для обеспечения активных речевых действий на русском языке как неродном. Подобный подход позволяет рассматривать язык как продуктивную деятельность, служащую для реализации определенного мыслительного пространства с помощью имеющегося семантического пространства языка (языковых значений).

The article is devoted to the research of expression means of respect to another person/ people in Russian language from the position of semantics. The algorithm of work with sets of basic meanings included in the notion of respect is presented in detail for providing active speech actions in Russian as a non-native language. This approach allows to consider a language as productive activity serving the purposes of realizing a certain mental space with the help of existing semantic space of language (language meanings).
Многоаспектность изучения языковой способности как психолингвистического феномена
Authors: Bezrukova O.A.
Published: May 2020

В обзорной статье представлен феномен языковой способности человека с позиции различных областей научного знания: биологии, психофизиологии, лингводидактики, когнитивной психологии, логопедии. Автор сравнивает различные подходы к изучению генезиса и структурных составляющих данного феномена. Языковая способность рассматривается в трех основных значениях: как обучаемость (задатки), как процесс овладения языком (речевой онтогенез) и как обученность (результат).Выводы, полученные в результате аналитического осмысления научных данных, имеют важное прикладное значение для современной педагогики в целом и лингводидактики в частности.

The review presents the phenomenon of a humans language capability from the standpoints of various fields of scientific knowledge: biology, psychophysiology, language pedagogy, cognitive psychology, speech therapy. The author compares the diverse approaches to the research of genesis and structural components of the phenomenon. Language capability is viewed as three basic definitions: as the ability to learn language (aptitude), as a process of language acquisition (language development), and as language proficiency (the result of learning). The conclusions obtained as a result of the analytical understanding of scientific data are of practical importance for comprehensive pedagogy in general and language pedagogy in particular.
“Las joyas son cortesanas de la riqueza”
Authors: Rapp Jacob
Published: May 2020

In his only published novel, Por donde se sube al cielo (1882), Manuel Gutiérrez Nájera explored the contradictory desires produced by Mexico’s experience of modernization through the story of a Parisian actress. Her internal struggle between, on the one hand, accepting the commodification of her beauty in the commercial marketplace, and, on the other, pursuing traditional moral virtues rooted in Catholic spirituality and manual labor is not clearly resolved in the novel, prompting readers to question their expectations and beliefs about the quickly-developing effects of modernization at the end of the nineteenth century. By adding a more literal reading of the novel to established allegorical interpretations, I argue in this essay that Gutiérrez Nájera paradoxically represents the growing influence of commercialism by criticizing the desire for luxury goods while at the same time promoting a virtuous work ethic.
Gangguan Pola Siklus Haid pada Pesenam di Kota Pekanbaru
Authors: Muhammad Muzakir Fahmi  , Syamsul Bahri Riva’i  , Nurlisis
Published: May 2020

The average menstrual cycle obtained in the average menstrual cycle survey results was 29.51 days. Some experienced menstrual cycles of more than 35 days (oligomenore) of 10.29% and menstrual cycles of less than 21 days (polimenore) of 1.5%. There are 26.47% with a duration of menstruation more than 8 days. Furthermore, in the turn of the pads with a mean of 2.99 times per day, replace the pads. But there are some excessive dressing changes (> 3 times), while guessing that you experience excessive menstruation with a percentage of 23.5%. There were 63% of women having menstrual disorders with the highest type of disorder 91.7% of other disorders related to menstruation, followed by menstrual disorders 25%, and menstrual cycle disorders 5%. With the average duration of menstruation obtained at 7.16 days which still includes the normal range of 2 to 8 days. Then research was conducted to find out the dominant factors associated with menstrual cycle pattern disorders. With the aim of analyzing the factors associated with menstrual cycle pattern disturbances in gymnasts in the city of Pekanbaru in 2018. This type of cross-sectional analytic study used a sample of 210 gymnasts in the city of Pekanbaru with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Statistical test uses Bivariate (chi square) and Simple Linear Multivaritic Regression. Variables that are significantly associated with p-value 0.20 is 2.7 times the disease history variable at risk of menstrual cycle pattern disorders.
Simulation Model of Cold Rolling Mill
Authors: Breesam Waleed , Mohamad Khearia , Rashid Mofeed
Published: May 2020

This work deals with the simulation model of multi-machines system as cold rolling mill is considered as application. Drivers of rolling system are a set of DC motors, which have extend applications in factories as aluminum rolling. Interconnection of multi DC motors in such a way that they are synchronized in their rotational speed. In cold rolling, the accuracy of the strip exit thickness is a very important factors. To realize accuracy in the strip exit thickness, Automatic Gauge Control system is used. In this paper MATLAB/SIMULINK models are proposed and implemented for the entire structures. Simulation results were presented to verify proposed model of cold rolling mill
To Whom Does Australian Corporate and Consumer Legislation Speak?
Authors: Grantham Ross
Published: May 2020

Is it feasible for regulation (and particularly legislation) effectively to communicate to the participants the rights, duties, processes, and procedures that embody the regulatory goals upon which they are meant to act. Looking at attempts in Australia to implement this regulatory strategy in the fields of corporate law andconsumer law, this article suggests that a more profound change would need to occur in the form and style of Australian legislation before such an approach is viable.
HPV’nin Görünen Yüzü, Kondiloma Akuminata
Authors: KÜÇÜKYILDIZ İrem , YANIK Ali
Published: May 2020

İnsan papilloma virüsü (HPV), seksüel geçişli hastalıkların en sık sebebi olarak gösterilen enfeksiyöz ajanlardır. 200 ün üzerinde tipi olarak başta anogenital bölge olmak üzere , orofarinks ve solunum sistemleri üzerinde benign lezyonlardan , preinvaziv ve invaziv lezyonlara kadar uzanan geniş bir hastalık yelpazesine sahiptir. Kondiloma akuminatanın gün geçtikçe artan insidansı HPV enfeksiyonları içerinde önemli bir paya sahip olmasını sağlamıştır. Kondiloma akuminata HPV nin görünen lezyonları olarak kabul edilir.
Kondiloma akuminata lezyonlarına yönelik, kişilerin kendi kendilerine uygulayabilecekleri ev tedavileri, anestezi altında uygulanan cerrahi tedaviler gibi birden çok tedavi yöntemi vardır. Tedavi seçiminde dikkat edilmesi gereken noktalar, bu enfeksiyonun persistansı ve tekrarlamasını engellemek için önemlidir.
Biz bu makale ile kondilomata aküminata lezyonlarına yaklaşımda bilinmesi gerekenler ve uygulanan tedavi yöntemlerini paylaşmak istedik.
A Comparative Study of to Alfa Kai to Omega in the Greek New Testament (Revelation 1:8) and Asante-Twi Bible
Authors: Asamoah Emmanuel Foster
Published: May 2020

Bible Translation has been a means the Church uses to bring the Gospel into the language of the recipients to help improve the quality of life of the indigenes. Nonetheless, it must be noted that all over the world most Bible translation materials have experienced numerous revision exercises. An example of this is the Asante-Twi versions of the Bible which has witnessed two revision works; one on the whole Bible in 2012 since its publication in 1964, and a revised New Testament version published in 2013. Even with the recent revised ones, there still exist translation problems, for some words are strange or foreign to the Asante-Twi speaking people; clear example is Revelation 1:8 which is the focus for this study. Using Mother-tongue Biblical Hermeneutics methodology, this thesis delves into the meaning of the Alfa ne Omega no in the Asante-Twi context and its usage in Revelation 1:8; vis-à-vis an exegesis of the Greek word to alfa kai to omega to find its equivalence in the Asante-Twi. It was found from the study that Ahyεaseε ne Awieeε no is the best rendition of to alfa kai to omega . This work has thus added an Akan translation and interpretation of Revelation 1:8 to the knowledge of the field of mother-tongue hermeneutics; and it is being recommended that in the future revision of the Asante-Twi Bible, the Bible Society of Ghana should consider using Ahyεaseε ne Awieeε no to translate to alfa kai to omega (to alpha kai to omega) in Revelation 1:8.
Risk Factors of Poor Pregnancy Outcome in Living Kidney Donors in UK
Authors: Basker Shanmugapriya , Daga Sunil
Published: May 2020

Despite thousands of kidney donations every year across the world, there is a decline in donations particularly within the BAME (Black Asian Minority and Ethnic community). Young female faces a dilemma of future pregnancy when considering the decision to donate a kidney. The study aims to describe the risk in pregnancy based on ethnicity, gender and regional variations.
ENERGY-SAVING BUILDING PROGRAM EVALUATION WITH AN INTEGRATED METHOD UNDER LINGUISTIC ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Huang Min , Zhang Xinli , Ren Ruxue , Liao Huchang , Zavadskas Edmundas Kazimieras , Antuchevičienė Jurgita
Published: May 2020

In the context of sustainable development, building energy conservation has become the development trend of
the construction industry. The selection of energy-saving building program, as a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem, has
a direct influence on the actual energy-saving effect. In this paper, an integrated MCDM method combining the extended best worst
method (BWM) and Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS) method is proposed to solve the energy-saving building program
selection problem under the linguistic Pythagorean fuzzy environment. The Linguistic Pythagorean fuzzy sets (LPFSs) are used to model
the uncertain evaluation information of experts. The extended BWM is developed to determine the weights of criteria, while the extended
WASPAS method is proposed to determine the ranking of alternatives. To validate the applicability and reliability of the proposed method,
this paper presents a numerical example of the selection problem for energy-saving building programs. Some managerial insights are also
given for practitioners to use the proposed method.
Pour une gestion spécifique du risque transfrontalier en PME : une illustration par le portefeuille Eurorégional de chargés d’affaires bancaires
Authors: Dezest Isabelle , Machat Karim
Published: May 2020

Les PME sont réputées plus fragiles sur le plan financier et davantage exposées aux risques d’un développement international. Une étude qualitative réalisée auprès de deux chargés d’affaires bancaires responsables d’un portefeuille de 300 PME souligne pourtant que le contexte transfrontalier semble réduire le risque évalué par la banque. Elle dévoile aussi que celui-ci n’est pas la première étape d’un cycle plus large d’internationalisation de la PME.
L’expérience touristique mémorable : une approche par le produit alimentaire emblématique d’une région
Authors: Salvador Marielle , El Euch Maalej Mariem
Published: May 2020

Les interactions d’un touriste avec un produit alimentaire emblématique d’une région ou d’un pays sont susceptibles de générer des souvenirs entrant dans la définition d’une expérience touristique mémorable. L’étude exploratoire menée se propose de mieux cerner les éléments qui la composent à travers le prisme du produit alimentaire emblématique. L’analyse de onze narrations d’expériences touristiques contribue à enrichir la définition d’une expérience touristique mémorable en mettant en exergue les éléments suivants : l’importance des émotions gustatives, la perception de l’authenticité de l’expérience et l’importance de la planification à l’avance.
Émergence et formation de routes touristiques à thème : apports des concepts de stratégie collective et d’entrepreneuriat collectif
Authors: Renard Laurent , Cloutier L. Martin , Picaud-Bello Katia , Stevens Eric
Published: May 2020

Les concepts de stratégie collective et d’entrepreneuriat collectif sont mobilisés dans l’étude de l’émergence et de la formation de deux routes touristiques à thème (RT). Basée sur une recherche multicas de deux RT, la Loire à vélo (France) et la Route des cidres (Montérégie, Québec, Canada), les résultats soulignent l’intérêt d’examiner : (1) les acteurs clés (parties prenantes) engagés dans une démarche entrepreneuriale collective ainsi que leur rôle ; (2) les dynamiques à l’œuvre entre ces acteurs ; et (3) la nature et les caractéristiques du projet stratégique collectif provenant de sa phase d’émergence et de formation.
Transformations sociales de l’agglomération parisienne au cours du XX e siècle : une approche longitudinale et générationnelle des inégalités d’accès à la ville
Authors: Le Roux Guillaume , Imbert Christophe , Bringé Arnaud , Bonvalet Catherine
Published: May 2020

La région Île-de-France a connu de profondes transformations au cours de la seconde moitié du xx e  siècle : dépeuplement de Paris et réhabilitation de certains quartiers, densification des banlieues et périurbanisation. Ces changements sont à l’origine de redistributions importantes des populations au sein de l’agglomération parisienne, avec le départ d’une partie des classes populaires et moyennes de Paris intra-muros vers la banlieue, l’arrivée de nouvelles classes populaires migrantes, et l’amorce du processus de gentrification de la capitale. Bien que majoritairement produits selon une approche transversale, les travaux sur les ségrégations urbaines suggèrent depuis plusieurs décennies que l’évolution des mobilités géographiques des individus et des ménages est liée à celle des divisions sociales de l’espace. Cet article propose de compléter ces recherches à partir d’un corpus original d’enquêtes de l’Ined en région parisienne, qui permet d’étudier la mobilité de générations ayant participé aux transformations sociales de la capitale et de ses périphéries de 1930 à 2000. Les résultats montrent un renforcement du lien au fil des générations entre la position sociale et la centralité de la position géographique, au fur et à mesure de l’étalement urbain et du développement des réseaux de transport.
La guerre de 1914-1918 et la disparition des noms de famille en France : un essai d'estimation à partir du modèle Galton-Watson
Authors: Darlu Pierre , Chareille Pascal
Published: May 2020

Aucune étude en France ne s’est intéressée à l’éventuelle réduction du stock patronymique imputable à la guerre de 1914-1918. L’objet de ce travail est d’estimer l’ampleur du phénomène en prenant en compte les effets aléatoires de la disparition des noms selon le modèle d’extinction de Galton-Watson, la distribution du nombre d’enfants par ménage et la proportion de patronymes selon le nombre de porteurs. Les estimations, sur la France entière et par département, sont établies sur la base du fichier des « Morts pour la France » et du fichier Insee des noms de familles. Si les pertes humaines imputables à la Grande Guerre sont inégalement distribuées sur le territoire, avec un nombre de morts plus élevé au nord d’une ligne La Rochelle-Mulhouse, les pertes patronymiques sont géographiquement différemment réparties et plus nombreuses dans les Pyrénées, en Corse et en Bretagne. Pour autant, les patronymes effectivement disparus ne représentent qu’une proportion faible (1,4%) de l’ensemble des patronymes des MPF. Par département, cette proportion est très variable et souvent en contradiction avec le modèle de Galton- Watson qui prévoit davantage de disparitions. Plusieurs explications sont avancées : elles tiennent au mode de constitution des deux fichiers et aux hypothèses démographiques formulées.
Immune Complex–Driven Generation of Human Macrophages with Anti-Inflammatory and Growth-Promoting Activity
Authors: Dalby Elizabeth , Christensen Stephen M. , Wang Jingya , Hamidzadeh Kajal , Chandrasekaran Prabha , Hughitt V. Keith , Tafuri Wagner Luiz , Arantes Rosa Maria Esteves , Rodrigues Ismael Alves , Herbst Ronald , El-Sayed Najib M. , Sims Gary P. , Mosser David M.
Published: May 2020

To maintain homeostasis, macrophages must be capable of assuming either an inflammatory or an anti-inflammatory phenotype. To better understand the latter, we stimulated human macrophages in vitro with TLR ligands in the presence of high-density immune complexes (IC). This combination of stimuli resulted in a broad suppression of inflammatory mediators and an upregulation of molecules involved in tissue remodeling and angiogenesis. Transcriptomic analysis of TLR stimulation in the presence of IC predicted the downstream activation of AKT and the inhibition of GSK3. Consequently, we pretreated LPS-stimulated human macrophages with small molecule inhibitors of GSK3 to partially phenocopy the regulatory effects of stimulation in the presence of IC. The upregulation of DC-STAMP and matrix metalloproteases was observed on these cells and may represent potential biomarkers for this regulatory activation state. To demonstrate the presence of these anti-inflammatory, growth-promoting macrophages in a human infectious disease, biopsies from patients with leprosy (Hanseniasis) were analyzed. The lepromatous form of this disease is characterized by hypergammaglobulinemia and defective cell-mediated immunity. Lesions in lepromatous leprosy contained macrophages with a regulatory phenotype expressing higher levels of DC-STAMP and lower levels of IL-12, relative to macrophages in tuberculoid leprosy lesions. Therefore, we propose that increased signaling by FcγR cross-linking on TLR-stimulated macrophages can paradoxically promote the resolution of inflammation and initiate processes critical to tissue growth and repair. It can also contribute to infectious disease progression.
MHC-Independent Thymic Selection of CD4 and CD8 Coreceptor Negative αβ T Cells
Authors: Collin Roxanne , Lombard-Vadnais Félix , Hillhouse Erin E. , Lebel Marie-Ève , Chabot-Roy Geneviève , Melichar Heather J. , Lesage Sylvie
Published: May 2020

It is becoming increasingly clear that unconventional T cell subsets, such as NKT, γδ T, mucosal-associated invariant T, and CD8αα T cells, each play distinct roles in the immune response. Subsets of these cell types can lack both CD4 and CD8 coreceptor expression. Beyond these known subsets, we identify CD4−CD8−TCRαβ+, double-negative (DN) T cells, in mouse secondary lymphoid organs. DN T cells are a unique unconventional thymic-derived T cell subset. In contrast to CD5high DN thymocytes that preferentially yield TCRαβ+ CD8αα intestinal lymphocytes, we find that mature CD5low DN thymocytes are precursors to peripheral DN T cells. Using reporter mouse strains, we show that DN T cells transit through the immature CD4+CD8+ (double-positive) thymocyte stage. Moreover, we provide evidence that DN T cells can differentiate in MHC-deficient mice. Our study demonstrates that MHC-independent thymic selection can yield DN T cells that are distinct from NKT, γδ T, mucosal-associated invariant T, and CD8αα T cells.
Anxiety sensitivity dimensions in young individuals with at-risk-mental states
Authors: Pozza Andrea , Meneghelli Anna , Meliante Maria , Amato Luisa , Dèttore Davide
Published: May 2020

Anxiety Sensitivity (AS) is a transdiagnostic risk factor involved in the development and maintenance of different psychopathological conditions including anxiety disorders and psychosis. It consists of Physical Concerns (e.g., the belief that palpitations lead to a cardiac arrest), Social Concerns (the belief that observable anxiety reactions will elicit social rejection), and Cognitive Concerns (the belief that cognitive difficulties lead to mental incapacitation). No study investigated whether specific AS dimensions are related to At-Risk Mental States (ARMS). This study compared AS dimensions between young individuals with ARMS, patients after a recently occurred First-Episode Psychosis (FEP) and matched community controls. Based on models of ARMS and previous evidence, it was hypothesized that ARMS individuals have higher physical, social and cognitive concerns than FEP patients and controls. Thirty individuals with ARMS and 30 with FEP and 30 controls recruited from the general population completed the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (ASI-3) and Penn State Worry Questionnaire. ARMS and FEP individuals had higher scores than controls on ASI-3 Cognitive Concerns [F(2,87)= 11.48, p<.001]. Individuals with ARMS had higher ASI-3 Physical Concerns scores than FEP patients [F(2,87)= 5.10, p<.01] and at a marginal significance level than controls. No between-group difference was found on Social Concerns. Higher ASI-3 Physical Concerns scores [B = -.324, Wald’s χ2(1) = 8.29, p < .01] and psychiatric comorbidities [B = -2.726, Wald’s χ2(1) = 9.33, p < .01] were significantly related to ARMS than FEP. Higher ASI-3 Social Concerns scores were related to FEP, despite at a marginal significance level [B =.213, Wald’s χ2(1) = 3.79, p = .052]. Interventions for AS Cognitive/Physical Concerns could be incorporated in the treatment of ARMS. A replication of the findings is required. Future longitudinal studies should examine whether Cognitive Concerns predict development of FEP in ARMS to improve early detection and prevention strategies.
The predictors of outcome and progression of pediatric sepsis and septic shock
Authors: Shah S , Deshmukh CT , Tullu MS
Published: May 2020

Introduction:

There is a paucity of studies on the progression and outcome of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) with its determinants.

Aims and Objectives:

To determine the predictors of the outcome and progression of pediatric sepsis and septic shock.

Materials and Methods:

Prospective observational study of children fulfilling criteria of SIRS and their progression to sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock (clinically and biochemically) was conducted at a tertiary care center.

Results:

Totally, 200 children were recruited over a period of 21 months (from February 2016 to October 2017). Most cases (80, 40%) were infants. Of the total, 188 (94%) cases were of an infective etiology (mostly respiratory system). Temperature and heart rate were the two commonest SIRS parameters which were deranged. Blood cultures were positive in only 25 (12.5%) cases. Out of the total 200 children, 108 progressed to sepsis, of which 26 progressed to severe sepsis, of which 22 progressed to septic shock. Abnormal leukocyte count, culture positivity and severe acute malnutrition were significantly associated with progression of SIRS patients to septic shock (P = 0.001, 0.00001 and 0.002, respectively). Factors associated with mortality were positive blood culture, multiorgan dysfunction, late hospital admissions, severe acute malnutrition, and requirement of supportive care (P values-<0.0001, <0.0001, 0.03, <0.0001 and <0.0001, respectively).

Conclusions:

SIRS can progress to septic shock if not identified early. The predictors of mortality were positive blood cultures, multiorgan dysfunction, late hospital admissions, severe acute malnutrition, and requirement of supportive care. The predictors of progression to septic shock were abnormal leukocyte count, culture positivity, and severe acute malnutrition.
Is routine pre-entry chest radiograph necessary in a high tuberculosis prevalence country?
Authors: Jasper A , Gibikote S , Kirupakaran H , Christopher DJ , Mathews P
Published: May 2020

Context:

Chest radiographs have been used worldwide as a screening tool before employment and training, by various healthcare and other government and nongovernment institutions. Many studies done in the past have demonstrated a relatively low yield for tuberculosis detection and therefore, the authors have questioned this practice.

Aims:

To compare the value of the preadmission/employment chest radiograph in two groups, namely, those who have been previously exposed to a healthcare setting (post-exposure group) and those who have not been exposed (pre-exposure group) and to determine if there is a significant difference in tuberculosis detection between these two groups.

Settings and Design:

A retrospective review of the reports of the chest radiographs of all candidates appearing for admission to various undergraduate and postgraduate courses in our institute between 2014 and 2017 was performed.

Materials and Methods:

The various abnormalities detected were recorded and the findings in the two groups were compared.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Chi-square test was used to compare between two group proportions.

Results:

Thirty out of 4333 (0.69%) candidates in the pre-exposure group and 53 out of 3379 (1.57%) candidates in the post-exposure group showed abnormalities on chest radiographs involving the lung parenchyma, mediastinum, heart, or pleura. In the pre-exposure group, six (0.14%) were found to have underlying cardiac disease and one (0.02%) had tuberculosis. Among the six candidates in the post-exposure group who underwent further investigations in our institute, five (0.15%) were diagnosed to have tuberculosis. Although there was no statistically significant difference in tuberculosis detection between the groups (P = 0.051), there is a trend towards higher detection of tuberculosis in the post-exposure group.

Conclusions:

In a country where the prevalence of tuberculosis is high, the pre-employment chest radiograph may still have a role in detecting tuberculosis in the post-exposure group.
Spectral statistics for Anderson models with sporadic potentials
Authors: Kirsch Werner , Krishna Maddaly
Published: May 2020

In this paper we consider Anderson models with a large number of sites with zero interaction. For such models we study the spectral statistics in the region of complete localization. We show that Poisson statistics holds for such energies, by proving the Minami estimate.
Digital health and the COVID-19 epidemic: an assessment framework for apps from an epidemiological and legal perspective
Authors: Vokinger Kerstin N. , Nittas Vasileios , Witt Claudia M. , Fabrikant Sara Irina , Von Wyl Viktor
Published: May 2020

As COVID-19 spreads across the globe, crowdsourced digital technology harbours the potential to improve surveillance and epidemic control, primarily through increased information coverage, higher information speed, fast case tracking and improved proximity tracing. Targeting those aims, COVID-19-related smartphone and web-based health applications are continuously emerging, leading to a multitude of options, raising ethical and legal challenges and potentially overwhelming end users.
Building on an existing trustworthiness checklist for digital health applications, we searched the literature and developed a framework to guide the assessment of smartphone and web-based applications that aim to contribute to controlling the current epidemic or mitigating its effects. It further integrates epidemiological subject knowledge and a legal analysis, outlining the mechanisms through which new applications can support the fight against COVID-19.
The resulting framework includes 40 questions across 8 domains on “purpose”, “usability”, “information accuracy”, “organisational attributes / reputation”, “transparency”, “privacy” and “user control / self-determination”. All questions should be primarily answerable from publicly available data, as provided by application manufacturers. The framework aims to guide end users in choosing a transparent, safe and valuable application and suggests a set of information items that developers ideally make available to allow a balanced judgement and facilitate the trustworthiness of their products.
Desarrollo e implementación del sistema de gestión editorial de la ULEAM
Authors: Zambrano-Pilay Enrique , Carreño-Lucas Sergio , Almeida-Zambrano Edison
Published: May 2020

La complejidad de los sistemas de educación moderno exige el desarrollo de mecanismos que permitan potencializar las actividades de la difusión científica. Es por esta razón que la Editorial Universitaria de la Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí se ve en la necesidad de poseer un sistema que permita administrar la gestión de publicaciones para sistematizar el proceso de manera armónica entre autores, revisores y lectores que transmiten ese aporte epistemológico que facilita e intercambia el desarrollo del contenido científico. El sistema editorial de gestión universitaria de publicaciones es una plataforma digital que facilita la comunicación desde los diferentes escenarios sin la necesidad demográfica de contactarse de manera física con la editorial. En base a las necesidades detectadas en el departamento en mención y después de realizar un análisis de los puntos críticos es necesario realizar las contingencias que permitan validar la información pertinente con rigor científico.

Palabras clave: web, sistema, edición, publicación, plataforma.
Unravelling Cooperative Learning in Higher Education
Authors: Loh Raymond Chee-Yen , Ang Chin-Siang
Published: May 2020

Teaching and learning have evolved over the years. While the use of lecture is still the dominant mode of teaching in educational institutions, there has been consensus that students need to be active in learning, for which traditional styles of teaching may not be well suited. This calls for an alternative instructional mode: cooperative learning to promote active learning among students. In higher education, interest in cooperative learning has gained momentum since the early 1980s, and this kind of teaching and learning can be conducted in many ways. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of existing evidence pertinent to cooperative learning. In this review, cooperative learning is defined and elements inherent in this pedagogy are discussed. Theoretical perspectives relating to cooperative learning are also outlined. The outcomes pertaining to cooperative learning are then presented, followed by the influence of context on cooperative learning. This review is organized and structured as such to serve as a basis of reference for further research in the field.
Scaffolding Problem Solving in Teaching and Learning The DPACE Model - A Design Thinking Approach
Authors: K Govindasamy Malliga , Moi Kwe Ngu
Published: May 2020

Problem solving is a basic skill needed to function effectively in the working environment. Teachers are no exception to this professional demand. It is of utmost importance for teacher education programs to prepare pre-service teachers with this fundamental competency. The DPACE model is a preliminary effort by two teacher educators to enhance the problem-solving skills among pre-service teachers. The model was developed using the design thinking approach with reference to Vygotsky’s constructivism and grounded by questions as scaffolds to facilitate internalization of knowledge that teachers need to assist them in addressing and expanding their problem-solving boundaries. The main structure of the model consists of five domains developed with reference to computational thinking concepts. Each domain consists of open-ended questions formulated according to Bloom’s ordering of cognitive skills, taking pre-service teachers progressively toward better understanding of the problem and creating an efficient solution. This model was applied among 62 pre-service teachers enrolled in the TSLB3152 course at the Teacher Education Institute International Languages Campus, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. In total, 86.67% of the respondents reported that the DPACE model helped them in their problem-solving task and almost 78% of them scored an A grade in their coursework tasks facilitated using the DPACE model. Efforts are needed to further refine the questions and field test the model in other courses or situations with the hope that this ongoing teacher education effort will create a paradigm shift in the quest toward mastery of 21st century skills among pre-service teachers.