bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expansion properties of double standard maps
Authors: BENEDICKS MICHAEL , MISIUREWICZ MICHAL , RODRIGUES ANA
Published: July 2022

For the family of double standard maps
$f_{a,b}=2x+a+({b}/{\pi }) \sin 2\pi x \pmod {1}$
we investigate the structure of the space of parameters a when
$b=1$
and when
$b\in [0,1)$
. In the first case the maps have a critical point, but for a set of parameters
$E_1$
of positive Lebesgue measure there is an invariant absolutely continuous measure for
$f_{a,1}$
. In the second case there is an open non-empty set
$E_b$
of parameters for which the map
$f_{a,b}$
is expanding. We show that as
$b\nearrow 1$
, the set
$E_b$
accumulates on many points of
$E_1$
in a regular way from the measure point of view.
Effect of Sea‐Level Change on River Avulsions and Stratigraphy for an Experimental Lowland Delta
Authors: Chadwick A. J. , Steele S. , Silvestre J. , Lamb M. P.
Published: July 2022

Lowland deltas experience natural diversions in river course known as avulsions. River avulsions pose catastrophic flood hazards and redistribute sediment that is vital for sustaining land in the face of sea‐level rise. Avulsions also affect deltaic stratigraphic architecture and the preservation of sea‐level cycles in the sedimentary record. Here, we present results from an experimental lowland delta with persistent backwater effects and systematic changes in the rates of sea‐level rise and fall. River avulsions repeatedly occurred where and when the river aggraded to a height of nearly half the channel depth, giving rise to a preferential avulsion node within the backwater zone regardless of sea‐level change. As sea‐level rise accelerated, the river responded by avulsing more frequently until reaching a maximum frequency limited by the upstream sediment supply. Experimental results support recent models, field observations, and experiments, and suggest anthropogenic sea‐level rise will introduce more frequent avulsion hazards farther inland than observed in recent history. The experiment also demonstrated that avulsions can occur during sea‐level fall—even within the confines of an incised valley—provided the offshore basin is shallow enough to allow the shoreline to prograde and the river to aggrade. Avulsions create erosional surfaces within stratigraphy that bound beds reflecting the amount of deposition between avulsions. Avulsion‐induced scours overprint erosional surfaces from sea‐level fall, except when the cumulative drop in sea‐level is greater than the channel depth and less than the basin depth. Results imply sea‐level signals outside this range are removed or distorted in delta deposits.
Sensitivity of Modeled Microphysics to Stochastically Perturbed Parameters
Authors: Vukicevic T. , Posselt D. J. , Stankovic A.
Published: July 2022

This study examines the characteristics of several model parameter perturbation methodologies for ensemble simulations of cloud microphysical processes in convection. A simplified 1D model is used to focus the results on cloud microphysics without the complication of feedbacks to the dynamics and environment. Several parameter perturbation methods are tested, including non‐stochastic and stochastic with various distributions and parameter covariance. We find that an ensemble comprised of different time‐invariant parameters (non‐stochastic) exhibits little bias, but small spread. In addition, its behavior does not respect the time evolution of convection through its various phases. Stochastic parameter (SP) methods in which no inter‐parameter covariance is applied produce greater spread, but significant bias. The bias is particularly large for lognormal parameter perturbation distributions. The ensemble spread is retained and the bias reduced when time‐varying parameter covariance is applied. In this case, the SP scheme is able to adapt to the time and state‐dependent covariance structures and produce ensemble characteristics that are consistent with the specific microphysical processes operating at any given time. The results suggest that SP schemes would benefit from inclusion of parameter covariances, and specifically those that vary with the state of the system. It also suggests that a Normal or LogNormal SP scheme with no covariance may significantly impact the ensemble bias. Finally, the results indicate that high temporal and spatial resolution observations may be needed to characterize the variability in parameter values and covariance.
Megathrust Heterogeneity, Crustal Accretion, and a Topographic Embayment in the Western Nepal Himalaya: Insights From the Inversion of Thermochronological Data
Authors: Fan Suoya , Murphy Michael A. , Whipp David M. , Saylor Joel E. , Copeland Peter , Hoxey Andrew K. , Taylor Michael H. , Stockli Daniel F.
Published: July 2022

Between 81°30ʹE and 83°E, the Himalayan range's “perfect” arcuate shape is interrupted by an embayment. We hypothesize that thrust geometry and duplexing along the megathrust at midlower‐crustal depths play a leading role in growth of the embayment as well the southern margin of the Tibetan plateau. To test this hypothesis, we conducted thermokinematic modeling of published thermochronologic data from the topographic and structural embayment in the western Nepal Himalaya to investigate the three‐dimensional geometry and kinematics of the megathrust at midlower‐crustal depths. Models that can best reproduce observed cooling ages suggest that the megathrust in the western Nepal Himalaya is best described as two ramps connected by a long flat that extends further north than in segments to the east and west. These models suggest that the high‐slope zone along the embayment lies above the foreland limb of an antiformal crustal accretion zone on the megathrust with lateral and oblique ramps at midlower‐crustal depths. The lateral and oblique ramps may have initiated by ca. 10 Ma. This process may have controlled along‐strike variation in Himalayan‐plateau growth and therefore development of the topographic embayment. Finally, we analyze geological and morphologic features and propose an evolution model in which landscape and drainage systems across the central‐western Himalaya evolve in response to crustal accretion at depth and the three‐dimensional geometry of the megathrust. Our work highlights the importance of crustal accretion at different depths in orogenic‐wedge growth and that the midlower crustal accretion determines the location of plateau edge.
First Pre‐Miocene Paleomagnetic Data From the Calabrian Block Document a 160° Post‐Late Jurassic CCW Rotation as a Consequence of Left‐Lateral Shear Along Alpine Tethys
Authors: Siravo Gaia , Speranza Fabio , Macrì Patrizia
Published: July 2022

The Calabrian block, along with Alboran, Kabylies, and Peloritani form isolated and enigmatic igneous/metamorphic terranes (AlKaPeCa) stacked over the Meso‐Cenozoic sedimentary successions of the Apennines and Maghrebides. They are commonly interpreted as fragments of the Hercynian chain rifted apart from Europe during Jurassic Alpine Tethys spreading, drifted southward during Neogene roll‐back of (Neo) Tethyan slab fragments for hundreds of kilometers on top of nappe piles. We report on the paleomagnetism of upper Triassic‐lower Miocene sedimentary rocks from the Longobucco succession that is transgressive over the crystalline Sila Massif (NE Calabria). Well‐defined magnetization directions carried by hematite were isolated in 10 sites (122 samples) in Jurassic rocks. Nine Toarcian and one Tithonian Ammonitico Rosso sites yielded a dual polarity “A” magnetization component whit a direction over 40° from the geocentric axial dipole (GAD) field direction, that supports a positive fold test. Five sites yielded a “B” normal polarity component NE (<40°) of the GAD direction characterized by a negative fold test. We interpret the B component as a Miocene magnetic overprint later clockwise rotated by ∼20° during the well‐known Pleistocene (1–2 Ma) rotation of Calabria. When corrected for such rotation, the A component defines a ∼160° counterclockwise (CCW) rotation of the Calabrian block with respect to Europe. Of these, ∼90° likely occurred along with Corsica‐Sardinia block during its Eocene‐Miocene rotation from the Provençal margin. Thus, the Calabrian block underwent an additional Cretaceous‐Eocene 70° CCW rotation that we relate to Early‐mid Cretaceous >500 km left‐lateral transcurrent motion between Africa and Europe.
Interaction Between Proton Aurora and Stable Auroral Red Arcs Unveiled by Citizen Scientist Photographs
Authors: Nishimura Y. , Bruus E. , Karvinen E. , Martinis C. R. , Dyer A. , Kangas L. , Rikala H. K. , Donovan E. F. , Nishitani N. , Ruohoniemi J. M.
Published: July 2022

We utilized citizen scientist photographs of subauroral emissions in the upper atmosphere and identified a repeatable sequence of proton aurora and subauroral red (SAR) arc during substorms. The sequence started with a pair of green diffuse emissions and a red arc that drifted equatorward during the substorm expansion phase. Simultaneous spectrograph and satellite observations showed that they were subauroral proton aurora, where ion precipitation created secondary electrons that illuminated aurora in green and red colors. The ray structures in the red arc also indicated existence of low‐energy electron precipitation. The green diffuse aurora then decayed but the red arc (SAR arc) continued to move equatorward during the substorm recovery phase. This sequence suggests that the SAR arc was first generated by secondary electrons associated with ion precipitation and may then transition to heat flux or Joule heating. Proton aurora provides observational evidence that ion injection to the inner magnetosphere is the energy source for the initiation of the SAR arc.
Spatiotemporal regulation of insulin signaling by liquid–liquid phase separation
Authors: Zhou Kun , Chen Qiaoli , Chen Jiamou , Liang Derong , Feng Weikuan , Liu Minjun , Wang Qi , Wang Ruizhen , Ouyang Qian , Quan Chao , Chen Shuai
Published: July 2022

Insulin signals through its receptor to recruit insulin receptor substrates (IRS) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) to the plasma membrane for production of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) from phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], which consequently activates protein kinase B (PKB). How insulin signals transduce from the plasma membrane into the cytoplasm is not clearly understood. Here we show that liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) plays a critical role in spatiotemporal control of insulin signaling through regulating multiple components including IRS1. Both protein concentration and insulin stimulation can drive the formation of intracellular IRS1 condensates through LLPS. Components including PI(4,5)P2, p85-PI3K and PDK1 are constitutively present in IRS1 condensates whereas production of PIP3 and recruitment of PKB in them are induced by insulin. Thus, IRS1 condensates function as intracellular signal hubs to mediate insulin signaling, whose formation is impaired in insulin resistant cells. Collectively, these data reveal an important function of LLPS in spatiotemporal control of insulin signaling.
Age-dependent cognitive impairment, hydrocephalus and leukocyte infiltration in transgenic mice with endothelial expression of human EPHX2
Authors: Davis Catherine M. , Zhang Wenri H. , Bah Thierno M. , Roese Natalie E. , Allen Elyse M. , Leung Philberta , Boutros Sydney J. , Marzulla Tessa , Patel Esha , Nie Xiao , Alkayed Farah N. , Huang Justin H. , Jensen Michael A. , Raber Jacob , Pike Martin M. , Alkayed Nabil J.
Published: July 2022

Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is upregulated in microvascular endothelium of human brain with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Transgenic endothelial expression of human sEH in mice (Tie2hsEH) induces endothelial dysfunction (ED), a pathogenetic mechanism of VCI. We sought to determine if endothelial upregulation of sEH is sufficient to cause cognitive impairment, and if cognitive impairment due to chronic hypoperfusion induced by unilateral common carotid artery occlusion (CCAO) is exacerbated in Tie2hsEH mice. Behavioral performance was assessed by the open field, rotarod, novel object, Morris water maze and fear conditioning tests. Cerebral blood flow and brain morphology were evaluated by MRI, and inflammatory changes investigated using immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. We demonstrate that transgenic endothelial expression of sEH is sufficient to induce cognitive impairment, associated with leukocyte infiltration, brain atrophy and accelerated, age-dependent ventriculomegaly, identifying ED and sEH upregulation as potential underlying mechanisms and therapeutic targets for VCI.
Photoplethysmogram based vascular aging assessment using the deep convolutional neural network
Authors: Shin Hangsik , Noh Gyujeong , Choi Byung-Moon
Published: July 2022

Arterial stiffness due to vascular aging is a major indicator during the assessment of cardiovascular risk. In this study, we propose a method for age estimation by applying deep learning to a photoplethysmogram (PPG) for the non-invasive assessment of the vascular age. The proposed deep learning-based age estimation model consists of three convolutional layers and two fully connected layers, and was developed as an explainable artificial intelligence model with Grad-Cam to explain the contribution of the PPG waveform characteristic to vascular age estimation. The deep learning model was developed using a segmented PPG by pulse from a total of 752 adults aged 20–89 years, and the performance was quantitatively evaluated using the mean absolute error, root-mean-squared-error, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and coefficient of determination between the actual and estimated ages. As a result, a mean absolute error of 8.1 years, root mean squared error of 10.0 years, correlation coefficient of 0.61, and coefficient of determination of 0.37, were obtained. A Grad-Cam, used to determine the weight that the input signal contributes to the result, was employed to verify the contribution to the age estimation of the PPG segment, which was high around the systolic peak. The results of this study suggest that a convolutional-neural-network-based explainable artificial intelligence model outperforms existing models without an additional feature detection process. Moreover, it can provide a rationale for PPG-based vascular aging assessment.
Altered subgenomic RNA abundance provides unique insight into SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7/Alpha variant infections
Authors: Parker Matthew D. , Stewart Hazel , Shehata Ola M. , Lindsey Benjamin B. , Shah Dhruv R. , Hsu Sharon , Keeley Alexander J. , Partridge David G. , Leary Shay , Cope Alison , State Amy , Johnson Katie , Ali Nasar , Raghei Rasha , Heffer Joe , Smith Nikki , Zhang Peijun , Gallis Marta , Louka Stavroula F. , Hornsby Hailey R. , Alamri Hatoon , Whiteley Max , Foulkes Benjamin H. , Christou Stella , Wolverson Paige , Pohare Manoj , Hansford Samantha E. , Green Luke R. , Evans Cariad , Raza Mohammad , Wang Dennis , Firth Andrew E. , Edgar James R. , Gaudieri Silvana , Mallal Simon ,   The COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) consortium, Collins Mark O. , Peden Andrew A. , de Silva Thushan I.
Published: July 2022

B.1.1.7 lineage SARS-CoV-2 is more transmissible, leads to greater clinical severity, and results in modest reductions in antibody neutralization. Subgenomic RNA (sgRNA) is produced by discontinuous transcription of the SARS-CoV-2 genome. Applying our tool (periscope) to ARTIC Network Oxford Nanopore Technologies genomic sequencing data from 4400 SARS-CoV-2 positive clinical samples, we show that normalised sgRNA is significantly increased in B.1.1.7 (alpha) infections (n = 879). This increase is seen over the previous dominant lineage in the UK, B.1.177 (n = 943), which is independent of genomic reads, E cycle threshold and days since symptom onset at sampling. A noncanonical sgRNA which could represent ORF9b is found in 98.4% of B.1.1.7 SARS-CoV-2 infections compared with only 13.8% of other lineages, with a 16-fold increase in median sgRNA abundance. We demonstrate that ORF9b protein levels are increased 6-fold in B.1.1.7 compared to a B lineage virus in vitro. We hypothesise that increased ORF9b in B.1.1.7 is a direct consequence of a triple nucleotide mutation in nucleocapsid (28280:GAT > CAT, D3L) creating a transcription regulatory-like sequence complementary to a region 3’ of the genomic leader. These findings provide a unique insight into the biology of B.1.1.7 and support monitoring of sgRNA profiles to evaluate emerging potential variants of concern.
Floquet topological superconductivity induced by chiral many-body interaction
Authors: Kitamura Sota , Aoki Hideo
Published: July 2022

Non-equilibrium engineering is becoming a seminal way for realising novel quantum phases that are unimaginable in equilibrium. In particular, Floquet theory applied to quantum mechanics revealed that we can even control the band topology in semimetallic/insulating systems, while the straightforward application to topological superconductivity fails for typical superconductors because the supercondicting gap function does not couple to the electromagnetic field in a direct manner. Here we show that we can overcome this difficulty by taking account of correlation effects. Namely, we study how a d-wave superconductivity is changed when illuminated by circularly-polarised light (CPL) in the repulsive Hubbard model in the strong-coupling regime. We adopt the Floquet formalism for the Gutzwiller-projected effective Hamiltonian with the time-periodic Schrieffer-Wolff transformation. We find that CPL induces a topological superconductivity with a d + id pairing, which arises from the chiral spin coupling and the three-site term generated by the CPL. The latter term remains significant even for low frequencies and low intensities of the CPL. This is clearly reflected in the obtained phase diagram against the laser intensity and temperature for various frequencies red-detuned from the Hubbard U, with the transient dynamics also examined. The phenomenon revealed here can open a novel, dynamical way to induce a topological superconductivity.
An ion imprinting technology-assisted rotational microfluidic hybrid chip for the fluorescence detection of hexavalent chromium ions
Authors: Wang Liyan , Li Bowei , Li Jinhua , Qi Ji , Zhang Zhiyang , Chen Lingxin
Published: July 2022

An ion imprinted fluorescence sensing rotational microfluidic paper- and cloth-based hybrid chip was developed for hexavalent chromium detection.
Spectroscopic evidence for 1,2-diiminoethane – a key intermediate in imidazole synthesis
Authors: Eckhardt André K.
Published: July 2022

Finally characterized: Elusive 1,2-diiminoethane is spectroscopically characterized by infrared and UV/Vis spectroscopy for the first time. The diimine can be prepared through photochemical dinitrogen extrusion of explosive 1,2-diazidoethane.
Donor–acceptor systems in metal–organic frameworks: design, construction, and properties
Authors: Zhang Bo , Qian Bin-Bin , Li Chang-Tai , Li Xing-Wang , Nie Hong-Xiang , Yu Mei-Hui , Chang Ze
Published: July 2022

In this highlight, the development of donor acceptor (D–A) MOF was briefly reviewed and summarized in the aspects of design, construction, and properties. Also, an outlook about the research and potential application of D–A MOF has been presented.
Radiation-induced reaction kinetics of Zn2+ with eS− and Cl2˙− in Molten LiCl–KCl eutectic at 400–600 °C
Authors: Iwamatsu Kazuhiro , Horne Gregory P. , Gakhar Ruchi , Halstenberg Phillip , Layne Bobby , Pimblott Simon M. , Wishart James F.
Published: July 2022

Primary radiolytic species such as the solvated electron (es–) and Cl2•– are key to predicting radiation effects on the long-term behavior of molten salt reactor fuel.
Impact of the energy dispersion anisotropy on the plasmonic structure in a two-dimensional electron system
Authors: Muniain Unai , Silkin Vyacheslav M.
Published: July 2022

The effect of the band structure anisotropy (triangular, square, and hexagonal wrapping) on the electronic collective excitations (plasmons) in a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) is studied in the framework of the random-phase approximation.
Advanced cathodic free-standing interlayers for lithium–sulfur batteries: understanding, fabrication, and modification
Authors: Zhou Jianhua , Wu Ting , Zhou Xin , Xi Jingyu
Published: July 2022

This perspective demonstrates the novelty of the understanding, fabrication, notification and outlook of the free-standing cathodic interlayer in Li-S batteries.
Cl-Initiated oxidation of methacrolein under NOx-free conditions studied by VUV photoionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Lin Xiaoxiao , Hu Rongrong , Ma Ziji , Yue Hao , Wen Zuoying , Zhang Cuihong , Fittschen Christa , Zhang Weijun , Tang Xiaofeng
Published: July 2022

Cl-initiated oxidation of methacrolein (MACR) under NOx-free conditions is investigated by using VUV photoionization mass spectrometry complemented by high-level theoretical calculations, and its detailed reaction mechanism is provided.
Antibody-functionalized aluminum oxide-coated particles targeting neutrophil receptors in a multifrequency microfluidic impedance cytometer
Authors: Ashley Brandon K. , Sui Jianye , Javanmard Mehdi , Hassan Umer
Published: July 2022

A multifrequency electric field isolates and identifies unique electrically-sensitive microparticles, and can bind to neutrophil receptors when functionalized with corresponding targeting antibodies.
Interlocking dendritic fibrous nanosilica into microgranules by polyethylenimine assisted assembly: in situ neutron diffraction and CO2 capture studies
Authors: Bahadur Jitendra , Mehta Swati , Singh Saideep , Das Avik , Maity Ayan , Youngs Tristan , Sen Debasis , Polshettiwar Vivek
Published: July 2022

Solid amine-based nano-adsorbents have shown tremendous potential for mitigating CO2 emissions.
Monolayer NaW2O2Br6: a gate tunable near-infrared hyperbolic plasmonic surface
Authors: Huang Enhui , Xiang Hui , Jiao Han , Zhou Xia , Du Jinli , Zhong Wenying , Xu Bo
Published: July 2022

The carrier tunable near infrared hyperbolic properties in monolayer NaW2O2Br6 endow it with great potential for application in integrating polaritons into nano-optoelectronic devices.
Ultrafast photoresponse of vertically oriented TMD films probed in a vertical electrode configuration on Si chips
Authors: Järvinen Topias , Hosseini Shokouh Seyed-Hossein , Sainio Sami , Pitkänen Olli , Kordas Krisztian
Published: July 2022

The probing geometry plays a decisive role in the photosensitivity and response time of vertically oriented TMD thin films.
Design, synthesis, anticancer activity and molecular docking studies of new benzimidazole derivatives bearing 1,3,4-oxadiazole moieties as potential thymidylate synthase inhibitors
Authors: Almalki Abdulraheem SA , Nazreen Syed , Elbehairi Serag Eldin I. , Asad Mohammad , Shati Ali A. , Alfaifi Mohammad Y. , Alhadhrami Abdulrahman , Elhenawy Ahmed A. , Alorabi Ali Q. , Asiri Abdullah M. , Alam Mohammad Mahboob
Published: July 2022

Compounds 10 and 14 arrest the cell cycle at the G1 phase and induce apoptosis without any necrosis in MDA-MB-231 cells.
Microwave assisted C–S cross-coupling reaction from thiols and 2-(4-bromo phenyl)-benzothiazole employed by CuI in acetonitrile
Authors: Katla Ramesh , Katla Rakhi
Published: July 2022

A microwave assisted C–S and C–Se cross-coupling reaction was carried out in acetonitrile employing commercially available, low-cost CuI as the catalyst.
Regulating Pd nanosheets by W-doping for electrochemical nitrate reduction to ammonia
Authors: Li Xingchuan , Zhang Guike , Zhang Nana , Luo Yaojing , Shen Peng , Li Xiaotian , Chu Ke
Published: July 2022

PdW nanosheets exhibit a high NO3RR activity, attributed to the W-alloying-induced upshift of the d-band center of Pd to enhance the NO3−activation and reduce the energy barriers of the NO3RR process.
Correction: Direct ink writing of high-performance Bi2Te3-based thermoelectric materials using quasi-inorganic inks and interface engineering
Authors: Wang Zhengshang , Cui Wen , Yuan Hao , Kang Xiaoli , Zheng Zhou , Chen Longqin , Hu Qiujun , Qiu Wenbin , Tang Jun , Cui Xudong
Published: July 2022

Correction for ‘Direct ink writing of high-performance Bi2Te3-based thermoelectric materials using quasi-inorganic inks and interface engineering’ by Zhengshang Wang et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1039/d2ta02289c.
A survey on deep reinforcement learning architectures, applications and emerging trends
Authors: Balhara Surjeet , Gupta Nishu , Alkhayyat Ahmed , Bharti Isha , Malik Rami Q. , Mahmood Sarmad Nozad , Abedi Firas
Published: July 2022

From a future perspective and with the current advancements in technology, deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is set to play an important role in several areas like transportation, automation, finance, medical and in many more fields with less human interaction. With the popularity of its fast‐learning algorithms there is an exponential increase in the opportunities for handling dynamic environments without any explicit programming. Additionally, DRL sophisticatedly handles real‐world complex problems in different environments. It has grasped great attention in the areas of natural language processing (NLP), speech recognition, computer vision and image classification which has led to a drastic increase in solving complex problems like planning, decision‐making and perception. This survey provides a comprehensive analysis of DRL and different types of neural network, DRL architectures, and their real‐world applications. Recent and upcoming trends in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) and its categories have been emphasized and potential challenges have been discussed.
Co‐opetitive mean field type game based task offloading strategy in multi‐access edge computing networks
Authors: Yang Xiangjiang , Zhou Xiaotian , Zhang Haixia , Yuan Dongfeng
Published: July 2022

In this paper, a novel co‐operative mean field type game based task offloading strategy is proposed for multi‐access edge computing networks. The objective is to optimally determine the tasks offloaded to each edge computing node (ECN) in the network so that to balance the overall system performance and individual revenue of each ECN. To do so, the utility function of each ECN is first formulated, which is the payback of his time and energy cost for processing the tasks, tailed with the penalty from the network for not processing the tasks on time. A mean field type game is then formulated, where each ECN can either cooperate or compete with each other to maximize their own utility. With respect to the proposed game, the direct method is applied to find the final solutions. Simulation results reveal that the proposed strategy can well balance the utility of each ECN and the overall efficiency of the system, leading to a better performance compared with its cooperative‐ and competitive‐counterparts.
Light field spatial super‐resolution via geometric feature interaction
Authors: Chen Xin , Chen Yilei , An Ping , Huang Xinpeng , Yang Chao
Published: July 2022

Light field (LF) enables high‐dimensional image data representation since it can capture spatial and angular information of light rays simultaneously. The low spatial resolution caused by the limited imaging ability of the capturing equipment and the trade‐off between spatial and angular resolution greatly affects the quality and application of LF images. Here, an end‐to‐end LF super‐resolution method is proposed via geometric feature interaction. First, the low‐resolution LF images are stacked in the horizontal and vertical epipolar plane image (EPI) directions and form 3D VI stacks. Then, these stacks are put into a dual‐branch network, and 3D convolution is alternately performed on the viewpoint images (VIs) and EPIs by reshaping features for better feature extraction and interaction. The proposed method can fully explore the texture information and geometric consistency of the LF, and super‐resolve all VIs at the same time. Experimental results on both real‐world and synthetic LF datasets show that the proposed method has higher performance than other state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Performance assessment and validation of inverter control current controllers in reduced sensor maximum power point tracking based photovoltaic‐grid tied system
Authors: Patowary Moushumi , Haes Alhelou Hassan , Panda Gayadhar
Published: July 2022

A relative assessment on conventional and adaptive current controllers used in reduced sensor‐maximum power point tracking (MPPT) based photovoltaic (PV)‐grid tied inverter systems for the improvement of system power quality is suggested. The steady‐state and transients errors produced in the conventional PI and proportional resonant controllers, which are used to generate the references, can be fixed by using an intelligent ADALINE‐LMS adaptive controller; moreover, it helps in reducing the %THD (total harmonic distortion) level measured at different power zones. Also, to track the maximum PV power, which is further integrated to DC‐bus, a reduced sensor‐based technology is added into the circuit that sidesteps the problem of tracking local MPP instead of global MPP and the drawbacks of using current sensors. The use of a reduced sensor‐based MPPT controller confirms extraction of maximum PV power and it guarantees a constant DC‐link voltage under all the possible test conditions. The overall control architectures and system performances, which are tested under different system dynamics, are validated through MATLAB/Simulink as well as experimental findings obtained using the dSPACE RTI 1202 interfacing kit. These experimental results confirm that the adaptive control technique used in reduced sensor‐MPPT based PV‐grid tied inverter systems performs unbeatably with balanced load and grid voltages, less harmonics, quick response time etc. under the operation of linear, non‐linear and transient loads, whereas, conventional controllers are best only for the linear loads.
Arc decomposition behavior of C4F7N/Air gas mixture and biosafety evaluation of its by‐products
Authors: Ye Fanchao , Zhang Xiaoxing , Li Yi , Wan Qianqian , Bauchire Jean‐Marc , Hong Dunpin , Xiao Song , Tang Ju
Published: July 2022

At present, reports on the arc interruption and decomposition behavior of a C4F7N/air gas mixture especially the biosafety of its by‐products are limited. Herein, a 57% C4F7N/43% air gas mixture was employed as an arc‐quenching medium to conduct 200 breaking tests on a load switch (630 A/24 kV). The arc interruption and decomposition behavior of the gas mixture were evaluated, and the biosafety of the decomposition products was assessed based on an acute inhalation toxicity test. It was found that the average arcing time of the 200 breakings was about 10.1 ms and that breakings were basically completed at the zero‐crossing of the second or third current half‐cycle. The gas mixture after breaking decomposed dramatically (the C4F7N content decreased by 75.6%), generating a large number of gaseous by‐products (CO, CF4, C2F6, C3F8, CF3CN, C4F8, CO2, C4F10N2, C3F6, C2N2, etc.) as well as solid by‐products (carbon particles). The lethal concentration of 50% (LC50, 4 h) of C4F7N/air after 200 breakings was 31 ppm (male mice) and 34 ppm (female mice), respectively, and the toxicity was classified as Grade 1. In general, C4F7N has an arc interruption capability, albeit weaker than that of SF6 under the same conditions. After breaking, the C4F7N gas mixture has a relatively high acute inhalation toxicity, and relevant safety protection measures for research or operation personnel are strictly needed.
A partial cooperative control vehicle‐to‐vehicle trajectory planning algorithm with potential field constraints of arc‐shaped road's boundary and vehicles’ relative position
Authors: Zhang Kuoran , Wang Jinxiang , Yan Yongjun , Chen Nan , Yin Guodong
Published: July 2022

In this paper, a vehicle‐to‐vehicle (V2V) trajectory planning algorithm for two vehicles driving in an arc‐shaped road is represented, in which the characteristics of human drivers are taken into consideration. Safety constraints including vehicle stability, road boundaries, and vehicles collision avoidance are considered. The boundary constraint of the arc‐shaped road is realized with a potential field method. The potential field method is also employed to realize the vehicles collision avoidance constraint and vehicle distance margin. The concept of partial cooperative control is presented, which can depict the collaboration of the vehicles more accurately. The algorithm is designed with a partial cooperative control pattern, employing model predictive control (MPC). The effectiveness of the algorithm is verified by software simulation in a scenario of overtaking in arc‐shaped roads. The algorithm can accomplish the V2V collaboration trajectory planning task successfully. The performance of the algorithm representing different collaboration degrees and phases grouping in complex scenarios is also studied.
Near‐field wireless power transfer used in biomedical implants: A comprehensive review
Authors: Mahmood Amal Ibrahim , Gharghan Sadik Kamel , Eldosoky Mohamed A. , Soliman Ahmed M.
Published: July 2022

Wireless power transfer (WPT) techniques have been utilized in various biomedical applications to overcome the challenges of battery capacity and lifetime, and high‐cost surgical interventions, using biomedical implants (BMIs) and biomedical sensors (BMSs), including deep brain stimulators, capsule endoscopes, pacemakers, and cardiac monitoring sensors. In this article, near‐field WPT methods in BMIs and BMSs, including magnetic resonator coupling (MRC), inductive coupling (IC), and capacitive coupling (CC), are reviewed, and some biomedical applications of these methods are highlighted. The applications of WPT have been explored in recent years to enhance the major performance metrics of BMIs. The main topologies of MRC‐WPT are presented, and the main mathematical models related to each type were extracted from previous studies and detailed here. Additionally, the main performance metrics and results achieved, along with their suggested biomedical applications, are summarized in a comparison table. Some challenges and limitations of using WPT in the biomedical field and suggestions for improving the efficiency of WPT for biomedical applications are also discussed. Furthermore, future trends in WPT‐based BMIs are also highlighted.
Linking atmospheric and urban auralization models
Authors: Schäfer Philipp , Reich Lennart , Vorländer Michael
Published: July 2022

In a recent publication, we presented an efficient method to find eigenrays in a stratified, moving medium. The simulation framework is designed to auralize aircraft flyovers. However, the method is restricted to the direct sound and a ground reflection. When dealing with flyover scenarios close to residential areas, the interaction of sound with urban structures, especially reflection and diffraction, should be considered. Typical models for auralization in urban areas in fact do consider those interactions but neglect the inhomogeneity of the atmosphere. Thus, in this paper, the two models are combined in an approach to link between atmospheric models using curved propagation paths and urban models using straight paths but handling structure interaction.
Applications of Advanced MRI to Disorders of Consciousness
Authors: Fischer David , Newcombe Virginia , Fernandez-Espejo Davinia , Snider Samuel B.
Published: July 2022

Disorder of consciousness (DoC) after severe brain injury presents numerous challenges to clinicians, as the diagnosis, prognosis, and management are often uncertain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has long been used to evaluate brain structure in patients with DoC. More recently, advances in MRI technology have permitted more detailed investigations of the brain's structural integrity (via diffusion MRI) and function (via functional MRI). A growing literature has begun to show that these advanced forms of MRI may improve our understanding of DoC pathophysiology, facilitate the identification of patient consciousness, and improve the accuracy of clinical prognostication. Here we review the emerging evidence for the application of advanced MRI for patients with DoC.
Palladium-Catalyzed Stereospecific Coupling of BINOL-bistriflates and Zinc Cyanide and Applications in the Synthesis of 1,1′-Binaphthyl-2,2′-bisoxazolines (BOXAX)
Authors: Zhong Dayou , Liu Wen-Bo , Dong Zhan , Li Zi-Meng , Liu Wei-Min , Zhao Jing
Published: July 2022

A palladium-catalyzed synthesis of enantiopure [1,1′-binaphthalene]-2,2′-dicarbonitriles from BINOL-bistriflates and zinc cyanide is reported. This cross-coupling reaction employs a 0.1–5 mol% catalyst loading, and is scalable and stereospecific. The synthetic applications of this reaction are demonstrated by product derivatizations and the synthesis of [1,1′-binaphthalene]-2,2′-bisoxazolines (BOXAX).
Cl–···H–N Interaction Assisted Addition of Sulfonamides to Enol Ethers: Synthesis of 2-Deoxy and 2,6-Dideoxy Sulfonamido Glycosides
Authors: Kancharla Pavan K. , Mukherji Ananya
Published: July 2022

The strained/frustrated electrostatic interactions between the ion pair of TTBPy+X– increases the reactivity in both the ions, resulting in the activation of a third molecule like sulfonamides (aromatic/­aliphatic) via hydrogen bonding. This intriguing weak-interactions-based reactivity has been utilized to develop an organocatalytic synthesis of 2-deoxy-sulfonamido-glycosides from glycals. The sulfonamidoglycosylation of glycals using a catalytic amount of 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylpyridinium salts proceeded stereoselectively to provide N-glycosides in good to high yields. This process was demonstrated with l-rhamnal and d-galactal. Besides, IR spectroscopic studies explain that the hindered protonated pyridine cannot behave as a cationic Brønsted acid as is generally perceived.
Novel dual-reflection design applied for ITER core x-ray spectrometer
Authors: Cheng Zhifeng , Bader Amro , De Bock Maarten , Barnsley Robin , Lorriere Philippe , Pablant Novimir , Costa Fabio , Soeiro Joao , Bola Ines , O’Mullane Martin , Yakusevich Yevgeniy
Published: July 2022

A novel dual-reflection configuration is introduced for the International Tokamak Experimental Reactor (ITER) core x-ray spectrometer to fit the allocated space where it will be placed accompanied by moving the detectors backward to reduce the incident radiation dose. The highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, which has a mosaic structure of microscopic crystallites, is chosen for the front reflector motivated by higher x-ray throughput and stronger misalignment tolerance compared to the perfect crystal reflector. In the ITER core x-ray spectrometer, a combination of several reflector-deflected Lines of Sight (LOSs) and a direct LOS is proposed for the first time named X-Ray Crystal Spectroscopy Core (XRCS-Core). The system is optimized to observe lines from externally seeded xenon and the intrinsic tungsten impurity, meeting both port integration needs and measurement requirements. Its spectral performance is simulated using an analytical-raytracing mixed code——XRSA, showing good imaging quality with a spectral resolution higher than 8000. The XRCS-Core system is thought to be applicable in various ITER scenarios through the assessment taking into account the spectrometers’ specifications and the chosen lines’ emissivity in different plasma parameters.
Photocatalytic oxidation conveyor “PCOC” system for large scale surface disinfection
Authors: Ahlawat Kiran , Jangra Ramavtar , Chaturvedi Shivam , Prakash Chandra , Dixit Ambesh , Fulwani Deepak , Gupta Ankur , Jain Neha , Tak Vibhor , Prakash Ram
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we present a surface decontamination system that substitutes traditional chemicals and scrubbing agents, which will be useful for the general public during a pandemic. The technique is based on a hybrid process in which UV-C light and its photons interact with metal oxide nano-catalysts to generate hydroxyl radicals, which can enhance the deactivation process, and the system can work even in the shadow regions via a dry process. The optimum number of UV light sources in combination with TiO2 nanoparticles catalysts on aluminum plates have been used synergistically in the system. The UV dose in the disinfection chamber has been optimized, which is between 60 and 500 mJ/cm2 throughout the disinfection chamber. The concentration of hydroxyl radicals is reported more than 25 000 ions/cm3 within the disinfection chamber. These ions are circulated throughout the disinfection volume. The disinfection efficiency has been tested on bacteria and spores, and the obtained results are correlated. Around 8 log reductions in the counts of the test bacteria of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae have been achieved in just 2 min of exposure in the continuous operation of the system. Tests have also been performed on Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores, and the method described here is the result of multiple tests, a review of the scientific literature, and the incorporation of current laboratory practice. The deactivation tested in the system is larger than that of known bacteria and viruses in terms of UV-doses, signifying its utility during the pandemic.
Molecular basis of secondary relaxation in stiff-chain glassy polymers
Authors: Weldeghiorghis Thomas , Singh Manmilan , Schaefer Jacob
Published: July 2022

Recent progress in establishing local order in polycarbonate-like glasses using rotational echo double resonance and centerband-only detection of exchange solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has stimulated a renewed attempt to connect molecular motion within glassy polymers and the mechanical properties of the glass. We have in fact established a correlation between molecular motion characterized by NMR and the mechanical secondary relaxation (tan δ) for nine polycarbonate-like glasses. All of the NMR and mechanical data are for T ≪ Tg. The resulting structural insights suggest that the chains of these polymers are simultaneously both Flory random coils and Vol’kenstein bundles. The cooperative motions of groups of bundles can be described qualitatively by a variety of constrained-kinetics models of the glass. All of the models share a common trait for large-amplitude motion: an exponential increase in the time required for an inter-bundle dilation event with a linear increase in bundle group size. This dependence and a locally ordered Vol’kenstein bundle lead to an understanding of the surprising 60° (K) shift of tan δ to higher temperature for ring-fluoro-polycarbonate relative to that of polycarbonate by the apparently minor substitution of a fluorine for a hydrogen on every fourth ring.
Dirac–Coulomb operators with infinite mass boundary conditions in sectors
Authors: Cassano Biagio , Gallone Matteo , Pizzichillo Fabio
Published: July 2022

We investigate the properties of self-adjointness of a two-dimensional Dirac operator on an infinite sector with infinite mass boundary conditions and in the presence of a Coulomb-type potential with the singularity placed on the vertex. In the general case, we prove the appropriate Dirac–Hardy inequality and exploit the Kato–Rellich theory. In the explicit case of a Coulomb potential, we describe the self-adjoint extensions for all the intensities of the potential relying on a radial decomposition in partial wave subspaces adapted to the infinite-mass boundary conditions. Finally, we integrate our results, giving a description of the spectrum of these operators.
Higher-order interaction learning of line failure cascading in power networks
Authors: Ghasemi Abdorasoul , Kantz Holger
Published: July 2022

Line failure cascading in power networks is a complex process that involves direct and indirect interactions between lines’ states. We consider the inverse problem of learning statistical models to find the sparse interaction graph from the pairwise statistics collected from line failures data in the steady states and over time. We show that the weighted l1-regularized pairwise maximum entropy models successfully capture pairwise and indirect higher-order interactions undistinguished by observing the pairwise statistics. The learned models reveal asymmetric, strongly positive, and negative interactions between the network’s different lines’ states. We evaluate the predictive performance of models over independent trajectories of failure unfolding in the network. The static model captures the failures’ interactions by maximizing the log-likelihood of observing each link state conditioned to other links’ states near the steady states. We use the learned interactions to reconstruct the network’s steady states using the Glauber dynamics, predicting the cascade size distribution, inferring the co-susceptible line groups, and comparing the results against the data. The dynamic interaction model is learned by maximizing the log-likelihood of the network’s state in state trajectories and can successfully predict the network state for failure propagation trajectories after an initial failure.
Hybrid Zakharov-kinetic simulation of nonlinear stimulated Raman scattering
Authors: Sary G. , Gremillet L.
Published: July 2022

We present a novel 2D reduced numerical model for stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in laser fusion plasmas in which envelope equations for the electromagnetic fields are coupled to a hybrid description of the electron species. Specifically, the electron distribution is split between a bulk part described by a Zakharov-like linear model and a kinetic tail discretized using a particle-in-cell-like (PIC) scheme. By avoiding to sample the bulk-electron distribution, this approach greatly reduces the numerical cost of SRS simulations compared with PIC codes, while still being able to describe the nonlinear evolution of the electron tail and trapping-related kinetic phenomena. First, our model is shown to reproduce accurately the linear Landau damping of an infinitesimal electron plasma wave (EPW) whose phase velocity falls into the tail of the electron distribution. Then, applying it to the simulation of the trapped-particle modulational instability of a large-amplitude EPW, results comparable to those of previously published 2D Vlasov simulations are obtained. Finally, we simulate the excitation of kinetic backward SRS from a single strong laser speckle (λ=0.527 μm, I=1016 W cm−2) in an underdense (ne=0.036 nc) plasma, which drives an EPW with wavenumber kλD≈0.34. The model predictions fairly agree with the results of a PIC simulation regarding the kinetic saturation mechanisms (i.e., trapped-particle instabilities), and with experimental data and Vlasov simulations related to the frequency shift of nonlinear EPWs. For this SRS simulation, we estimate that our hybrid model is over an order of magnitude less costly than an equivalent PIC simulation due to the lower particle count.
Cluster expansion for a dilute hard sphere gas dynamics
Authors: Bodineau Thierry , Gallagher Isabelle , Saint-Raymond Laure , Simonella Sergio
Published: July 2022

In a previous paper by the authors, a cluster expansion method had been developed to study the fluctuations of the hard sphere dynamics around the Boltzmann equation. This method provides a precise control on the exponential moments of the empirical measure, from which the fluctuating Boltzmann equation and large deviation estimates have been deduced. The cluster expansion originally devised by the authors was implemented at the level of the Bogoliubov–Born–Green–Kirkwood–Yvon hierarchy, which is a standard tool to investigate the deterministic dynamics. In this paper, we introduce an alternative approach in which the cluster expansion is applied directly on real trajectories of the particle system. This offers a fresh perspective on the study of the hard sphere dynamics in the low density limit, allowing us to recover the results previously obtained by the authors and also to describe the actual clustering of particle trajectories.