bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Double holography in string theory
Authors: Karch Andreas , Sun Hao-Yu , Uhlemann Christoph F.
Published: October 2022

Abstract

We develop the notion of double holography in Type IIB string theory realizations of braneworld models. The Type IIB setups are based on the holographic duals of 4d BCFTs comprising 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM on a half space coupled to 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SCFTs on the boundary. Based on the concrete BCFTs and their brane construction, we provide microscopic realizations of the intermediate holographic description, obtained by dualizing only the 3d degrees of freedom. Triggered by recent observations in bottom-up models, we discuss the causal structures in the full BCFT duals and intermediate descriptions. This confirms qualitative features found in the bottom-up models but suggests a refinement of their interpretation.
Localization vs holography in 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 quiver theories
Authors: Billò M. , Frau M. , Lerda A. , Pini A. , Vallarino P.
Published: October 2022

Abstract

We study 4-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 superconformal quiver gauge theories obtained with an orbifold projection from $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM, and compute the 2- and 3-point correlation functions among chiral/anti-chiral single-trace scalar operators and the corresponding structure constants. Exploiting localization, we map the computation to an interacting matrix model and obtain expressions for the correlators and the structure constants that are valid for any value of the ’t Hooft coupling in the planar limit of the theory. At strong coupling, these expressions simplify and allow us to extract the leading behavior in an analytic way. Finally, using the AdS/CFT correspondence, we compute the structure constants from the dual supergravity theory and obtain results that perfectly match the strong-coupling predictions from localization.
Double brane holographic model dual to 2d ICFTs
Authors: Baig Saba Asif , Karch Andreas
Published: October 2022

Abstract

A minimal single brane holographic model can be used as a dual to 2d conformal interfaces (ICFTs) to calculate the transmission coefficient $$ \mathcal{T} $$
T
of energy transported across the defect as well as boundary entropy log g, the additional entanglement entropy for some sub-region that encloses the defect. Both $$ \mathcal{T} $$
T
and log g are uniquely determined by the tension characterizing the brane. In contrast, in field theory defects typically the transmission coefficient can be dialed from 0 to 1 independently for each allowed value of log g. To address this discrepancy, we look at a double brane (3-region bulk) holographic model. Merger of two single brane interfaces creates genuinely new interfaces which indeed allow a range of accessible transmission coefficients for a fixed value of log g. In particular, the $$ \mathcal{T} $$
T
= 0 limit of two completely decoupled BCFTs can be achieved.
Crystal plasticity model of induction heating-assisted incremental sheet forming with recrystallisation simulation in cellular automata
Authors: Li Weining , Li Sheng , Li Xuexiong , Xu Dongsheng , Shao Yinghui , Attallah Moataz M. , Essa Khamis
Published: October 2022

To relate the thermomechanical behaviour and microstructural evolution of the heat-assisted incremental sheet forming (SPIF) for Ti–6Al–4 V sheet, multi-scale models based on crystal plasticity finite element model (CPFEM), representative elementary volume (RVE), and cellular automaton (CA) were established in this article. An experimental-scale CPFEM was built in advance to provide macrograin level strain, strain rate, and temperature output data, which were then used in RVE and CA as inputs to simulate the microstructural evolution throughout the SPIF process. The output results include the pole figures, dynamic recrystallisation (DRX) maps, and statistics results of the alpha (α) phase of the Ti–6Al–4 V (α-Ti) alloy from stage to stage throughout the 700 $$^\circ{\rm C}$$

∘

C

SPIF. The obtained statistics results of dislocation density, grain orientation angles, and grain size were verified with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The CA analysis of the DRX progress at the upper, centre, and lower regions of the deformed workpiece has discovered that the incremental increase of the strain rate has significant effects on the dislocation density that produced a proportional relationship to the DRX percentage. The results revealed that the strain rate has strong domination in affecting the slip of grains orientation, which overcomes the effect of temperature increase in this SPIF process. Furthermore, it was found that a large amount of DRXed grains were generated at the grain boundaries, which reduced the mean grain size and increased the DRX percentage, which produced an inversely proportional relationship to the dislocation density. The thermomechanical behaviour on the SPIF workpiece was increased incrementally, which is insufficient for DRX initiation in the upper region, and the behaviour was enhanced at the centre and lower region, which can be corresponded to the microstructural evolution throughout the process.
Therapeutic Reference Range for Aripiprazole in Schizophrenia Revised: a Systematic Review and Metaanalysis
Authors: Hart Xenia M. , Hiemke Christoph , Eichentopf Luzie , Lense Xenija M. , Clement Hans Willi , Conca Andreas , Faltraco Frank , Florio Vincenzo , Grüner Jessica , Havemann-Reinecke Ursula , Molden Espen , Paulzen Michael , Schoretsanitis Georgios , Riemer Thomas G. , Gründer Gerhard
Published: October 2022

Rationale

While one of the basic axioms of pharmacology postulates that there is a relationship between the concentration and effects of a drug, the value of measuring blood levels is questioned by many clinicians. This is due to the often-missing validation of therapeutic reference ranges.

Objectives

Here, we present a prototypical meta-analysis of the relationships between blood levels of aripiprazole, its target engagement in the human brain, and clinical effects and side effects in patients with schizophrenia and related disorders.

Methods

The relevant literature was systematically searched and reviewed for aripiprazole oral and injectable formulations. Population-based concentration ranges were computed (N = 3,373) and pharmacokinetic influences investigated.

Results

Fifty-three study cohorts met the eligibility criteria. Twenty-nine studies report blood level after oral, 15 after injectable formulations, and nine were positron emission tomography studies. Conflicting evidence for a relationship between concentration, efficacy, and side effects exists (assigned level of evidence low, C; and absent, D). Population-based reference ranges are well in-line with findings from neuroimaging data and individual efficacy studies. We suggest a therapeutic reference range of 120–270 ng/ml and 180–380 ng/ml, respectively, for aripiprazole and its active moiety for the treatment of schizophrenia and related disorders.

Conclusions

High interindividual variability and the influence of CYP2D6 genotypes gives a special indication for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of oral and long-acting aripiprazole. A starting dose of 10 mg will in most patients result in effective concentrations in blood and brain. 5 mg will be sufficient for known poor metabolizers.
CsPbBr3 deposited by laser ablation: effects of post-growth aging, oxygen adsorption and annealing on film properties
Authors: Cesaria Maura , Quarta Gianluca , Guascito Maria Rachele , Mazzeo Marco , Marra Marcella , Provenzano Chiara , Aziz Muhammad Rizwan , Martino Maurizio , Calcagnile Lucio , Caricato Anna Paola
Published: October 2022

All-inorganic perovskites are widely investigated as a new generation of materials thanks to their superior optoelectronic properties and better stability than hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites. In particular, cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) exhibits advantageous properties for numerous applicative fields (photovoltaics, light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, lasing, field effect transistors, and ionizing radiation detectors). The performance of CsPbBr3 being critically dependent on the deposition technique, proper understanding and optimization of the fabrication process are demanding. Despite the well-known potentiality of the Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) technique in depositing films with complex stoichiometry, a very limited number of literature studies report on the successful deposition of CsPbBr3 films by PLD. Recently, the authors disclosed the impact of the uneven masses of Cs, Pb, and Br on the film stoichiometry and guidelines to recover the desired composition. Herein, we exploit stoichiometric mechano-chemically synthesized targets to deposit, by nanosecond-PLD (λ = 248 nm, τ = 20 ns, room temperature, fluence of 1 J/cm2), CsPbBr3 films to be studied following time aging, thermal heating and exposure to high relative humidity. Even in the presence of the characteristic absorption peak at ~ 520 nm, the freshly deposited film shows no photoluminescence. Photoluminescence is switched on by thermal annealing (at 250 and 350 °C) or after a few days (at least 15) of exposure to air and it persists over time. Films present interesting morphology evolution and oxygen adsorption following heating.
Quantifying skeletal density at high temporal resolution in massive scleractinian corals by using two-dimensional grid-scanning gamma densitometry
Authors: Zoppe Simon Felix , Deveaux Michael , Gischler Eberhard
Published: October 2022

The quantification of skeletal density in massive scleractinians is necessary for a better understanding of skeletal growth in reef-forming corals. However, skeletal density is difficult to quantify and requires sophisticated analytical techniques. In this study, two-dimensional grid-scanning gamma densitometry is used for the first time, to quantify skeletal density fluctuations at higher temporal (intra-annual) resolution as compared to previous annual bulk densities determined with this approach. For testing this application and to evaluate its use for being a tool in coral sclerochronology, a colony of the widespread Atlantic massive coral Orbicella faveolata from the central Belize Barrier Reef (Central America) is herein investigated. In the studied coral, temporal resolution of individual density values corresponds to an approximately bi-weekly resolution. A long-term decline in (intra-)annual skeletal density is observed combined with reduced calcification rates. This indicates a limitation in the capability for skeletal formation in O. faveolata corals within the central Belize Barrier Reef, expressed in reduced skeletal carbonate accretion. In general, time series analyses and statistical correlations of the obtained high-resolution density datasets with skeletal growth patterns (linear extension rates, calcification rates) and geochemical (δ13C, δ18O) data reveal a complex interplay of environmental parameters, which might have controlled the skeletal density in the studied coral.
Screw placement in arthroscopically assisted osteosynthesis of radial head fractures using a reference k-wire in the radiocapitellar joint: a cadaveric study
Authors: Camenzind Roland S. , Cucchi Davide , Leschinger Tim , Hackl Michael , Müller Lars P. , Wegmann Kilian
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The optimal screw placement in arthroscopically assisted fixation of radial head fractures is still an issue and no guiding methods have been evaluated in the recent literature. The study hypothesis was that using a “reference k-wire” percutaneously inserted in and parallel to the radiocapitellar joint would enable to achieve a trajectory more parallel to the radial head articular surface as compared to a free-hand k-wire placement.

Methods

Arthroscopically assisted placement of a k-wire in the radial head was performed in seven fresh-frozen human cadaver specimens by three surgeons. Three different techniques were evaluated: freehand drilling (technique A), placement using a “reference” k-wire in the radiocapitellar joint as a reference without (technique B), and with the AO parallel k-wire guide (technique C). Radiographs from all procedures were obtained and the inclination angle “α” between the k-wire and the articular surface of the radial head was measured and compared among the techniques.

Results

Angles of 84 radiographs were obtained and showed a mean α angle of 30.1° ± 13° for technique A, 5.7° ± 4.5° for technique B, and 5.4° ± 3.7° for technique C. The angle α was significantly higher with technique A as compared to B (p < 0.0001) and C (p < 0.0001). There was no difference between methods B and C (n.s.). No difference was observed among the surgeons for all three methods (p = 0.66).

Conclusion

With the use of an additional “reference” k-wire placed in the radiocapitellar joint, the guiding k-wire for screw drilling can be placed almost parallel to the radial head joint line with limited variability and a good reproducibility during arthroscopically assisted radial head fracture fixation.

Clinical relevance

The here-presented method of an additional, percutaneous introduced “reference” k-wire is easily applicable and helpful to achieve parallel screw placement during arthroscopically assisted radial head fracture fixation.

Level of evidence

IV, biomechanical cadaver study
Long-term survival analysis of cementless large-diameter head metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Holappa Elli , Kettunen Jukka , Miettinen Hannu , Kröger Heikki , Miettinen Simo
Published: October 2022

Introduction

The aim of this retrospective study was to study the long-term survival and reasons for revisions of a single-type, large-diameter head (LDH) metal-on-metal (MoM) implant. A special study interest was to find the threshold level for revision in terms of adverse reaction to metal debris (ARMD).

Materials and Methods

In this cohort study, we retrospectively reviewed 234 patients (253 hips) who received 38 mm head size LDH MoM total hip arthroplasties (THAs) between 01 January 2004 and 31 December 2009 at our institution. Patient symptoms, conventional radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and whole blood metal ions were studied.

Results

The median follow-up time was 11.5 years. The Kaplan–Meier cumulative survival estimate of the implant was 89.6% at 10 years and 82.9% at 14.6 years. Overall, 34/253 (13.4%) hips were revised during the follow-up period and of these; 19/34 (55.9%) were revised due to ARMD. The prevalence of ARMD was 12.4% (29/234 patients).

Conclusions

The survival of the implant was on a moderate level as the 10-year cumulative survival rate was 89.6%. The exact threshold level for ARMD revision cannot be determined due to multiple variables affecting factors in re-operation decision-making.
An efficient algorithm for rigid/deformable contact interaction based on the dual mortar method
Authors: Carvalho R. Pinto , Carneiro A. M. Couto , Pires F. M. Andrade , Popp A.
Published: October 2022

In a wide range of practical problems, such as forming operations and impact tests, treating one of the contacting bodies as a rigid obstacle is an excellent approximation to the physical phenomenon. In this work, the well-established dual mortar method is adopted to enforce interface constraints in the finite deformation frictionless contact of deformable bodies and rigid obstacles. The efficiency of the non-linear contact algorithm proposed here is based on two main contributions. Firstly, the weighted gap function is modified such that it retains the signal of the discrete gap function. Within the context of rigid/deformable contact, this unlocks a significant simplification by removing the need to explicitly evaluate the dual basis functions. The corresponding first-order interpolation is presented in detail. Particular focus is, then, placed on the extension for second-order interpolation by employing a piecewise linear interpolation scheme, which critically retains the geometrical information of the finite element mesh. Secondly, a new definition for the nodal orthonormal moving frame attached to each contact node is suggested. It reduces the geometrical coupling between the nodes and consequently decreases the stiffness matrix bandwidth. The proposed contributions decrease the computational complexity of dual mortar methods for rigid/deformable interaction, especially in the three-dimensional setting, while preserving accuracy and robustness.
Evaluating an augmented reality interface for sailing navigation: a comparative study with a immersive﻿ virtual reality simulator
Authors: Laera Francesco , Manghisi Vito Modesto , Evangelista Alessandro , Uva Antonio Emmanuele , Foglia Mario Massimo , Fiorentino Michele
Published: October 2022

Sailing navigation is an activity that requires acquiring and processing information from the surrounding environment. The advancement of technology has enabled sailboats to have an increasing number of onboard sensors that make sailing more user-friendly. However, data provided by these sensors are still visualized on 2D digital displays that imitate traditional analog interfaces. Although these displays are strategically placed on the sailboat, the user needs to divert attention from the primary navigation task to look at them, thus spending a significant amount of cognitive resources. AR-based technologies have the potential to overcome these limitations by displaying information registered in the real environment, but there are no studies in the literature for validating the effectiveness of this technology in the field of sailing. Thus, we designed a head-mounted display AR-based interface to assist users in monitoring wind data to avoid user diversion from the primary task of sailing. We conducted a user study involving 45 participants in an Immersive Virtual Reality simulated environment. We collected objective and subjective measures to compare the AR-based interface with a traditional data visualization system. The AR-based interface outperformed the traditional data visualization system regarding reaction time, cognitive load, system usability, and user experience.
Genicular nerve block in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Radwan A. , Ohrndorf S. , Aly H. , Hamed M. , Khalifa A. , Elsaman A. M.
Published: October 2022

Objectives

This study aimed at evaluating the effect of genicular nerve block (GNB) in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients with persistent unilateral knee arthritis on pain, inflammatory parameters, function, and range of motion.

Methods

A total of 104 JIA patients were diagnosed according to the International League Against Rheumatism (ILAR) criteria with persistent unilateral knee arthritis. They were allocated randomly into 2 groups: group 1 treated with GNB, while group 2 was treated with intra-articular triamcinolone (TA) only. Visual analogue scale (VAS) on pain, sonography of large joints in rheumatology (SOLAR) scoring system, and Lysholm scores were assessed at 0-, 2-, and 12-week intervals. Swelling and tenderness were clinically evaluated semi-quantitatively (0-3) at the same time intervals.

Results

VAS pain, tenderness, swelling, and SOLAR grey scale (GS) and power Doppler (PD) scores were significantly reduced after 2 weeks in both groups (p < 0.05). This was greater in the GNB group regarding VAS and tenderness, while SOLAR and swelling were stronger reduced in TA group. After 12 weeks, all outcome measures showed lower values in the GNB group compared to TA, and this was significant regarding VAS pain. Moreover, Lysholm functional score was significantly increased in both groups at both intervals; and higher values were seen in the TA group compared to GNB after 2 weeks.

Conclusion

GNB was able to control pain and improve function and inflammation of the knee joint in JIA patients. Though steroid attained better results after 2 weeks, GNB achieved an equivalent longer-term improvement after 12 weeks.

Trial registration identifying number

NCT04687930.

Key Points• Persistent knee arthritis treatment in JIA is always challenging.• GNB was approved for treatment of pain in knee osteoarthritis.• GNB in the present study succeeded to control active knee arthritis and this effect was comparable to intra-articular steroid injection.
Control charts for measurement error models
Authors: Golosnoy Vasyl , Hildebrandt Benno , Köhler Steffen , Schmid Wolfgang , Seifert Miriam Isabel
Published: October 2022

We consider a linear measurement error model (MEM) with AR(1) process in the state equation which is widely used in applied research. This MEM could be equivalently re-written as ARMA(1,1) process, where the MA(1) parameter is related to the variance of measurement errors. As the MA(1) parameter is of essential importance for these linear MEMs, it is of much relevance to provide instruments for online monitoring in order to detect its possible changes. In this paper we develop control charts for online detection of such changes, i.e., from AR(1) to ARMA(1,1) and vice versa, as soon as they occur. For this purpose, we elaborate on both cumulative sum (CUSUM) and exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control charts and investigate their performance in a Monte Carlo simulation study. The empirical illustration of our approach is conducted based on time series of daily realized volatilities.
A family of distances for preference–approvals
Authors: Albano Alessandro , García-Lapresta José Luis , Plaia Antonella , Sciandra Mariangela
Published: October 2022

A preference–approval on a set of alternatives consists of a weak order on that set and, additionally, a cut-off line that separates acceptable and unacceptable alternatives. In this paper, we propose a new method for defining the distance between preference–approvals taking into account jointly the disagreements in preferences and approvals for each pair of alternatives. The proposed distance is compared to the existing distance functions to deal with clustering problems. Specifically, we prove that our metric improves the estimated clusters in terms of both stability and accuracy.
Biotic resistance or invasional meltdown? Diversity reduces invasibility but not exotic dominance in southern California epibenthic communities
Authors: Beshai Ryan A. , Truong Danny A. , Henry Amy K. , Sorte Cascade J. B.
Published: October 2022

High community diversity may either prevent or promote the establishment of exotic species. The biotic resistance hypothesis holds that species-rich communities are more resistant to invasion than species-poor communities due to mechanisms including greater interspecific competition. Conversely, the invasional meltdown hypothesis proposes that greater exotic diversity increases invasibility via facilitative interactions between exotic species. To evaluate the degree to which biotic resistance or invasional meltdown influences marine community structure during the assembly period, we studied the development of marine epibenthic “fouling” communities at two southern California harbors. With a focus on sessile epibenthic species, we found that fewer exotic species established as total and exotic richness increased during community assembly and that this effect remained after accounting for space availability. We also found that changes in exotic abundance decreased over time. Throughout the assembly period, gains in exotic abundance were greatest when space was abundant and richness was low. Altogether, we found greater support for biotic resistance than invasional meltdown, suggesting that both native and exotic species contribute to biotic resistance during early development of these communities. However, our results indicate that biotic resistance may not always reduce the eventual dominance of exotic species.
Graphene oxide modified with carboxymethyl cellulose for high adsorption capacities towards Nd(III) and Ce(III) from aqueous solutions
Authors: Abd-Elhamid A. I. , Abu Elgoud E. M. , Aly H. F.
Published: October 2022

This work addresses a simple method to functionalize graphene oxide with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose using tetraethyl orthosilicate as a linker for rapid and significant removal of Nd(III) and Ce(III) from aqueous solutions. The prepared composite (GO–CMC) was characterized by different techniques to confirm the modification and adsorption process. The sorption performance of the GO–CMC was evaluated using Nd(III) and Ce(III) as absorbent materials. The experimental results demonstrated that the sorption process was excellently fitted by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption results were also analyzed by different isotherm models. According to the Langmuir isotherm model, the experimental sorption capacities at pH 3.0 was 661.21 and 436.55 mg/g for Nd(III) and Ce(III), respectively. The thermodynamic results indicated that the sorption process of the two examined metal ions was endothermic and spontaneous. The regenerated GO–CMC composite has a similar removal percentage to the original composite. These results confirmed that the prepared composite (GO–CMC) could be used as an effective adsorbent for Nd(III) and Ce(III) from certain multielement solutions.
An adaptive read/write optimized algorithm for Ceph heterogeneous systems via performance prediction and multi-attribute decision making
Authors: Li Zhike , Wang Yong
Published: October 2022

The advent of the Big Data era has brought considerable challenges to storing and managing massive data. Moreover, distributed storage systems are critical to the pressure and storage capacity costs. The Ceph cloud storage system only selects data storage nodes based on node storage capacity. This node selection method results in load imbalance and limited storage scenarios in heterogeneous storage systems. Therefore, we add node heterogeneity, network state, and node load as performance weights to the CRUSH algorithm and optimize the performance of the Ceph system by improving load balancing. We designed a cloud storage system model based on Software Defined Network (SDN) technology. This system model can avoid the tedious configuration and significant measurement overhead required to obtain network status in traditional network architecture. Then we propose adaptive read and write optimization algorithms based on SDN technology. The Object Storage Device (OSD) is initially classified based on the Node Heterogeneous Resource Classification Strategy. Then the SDN technology is used to obtain network and load conditions in real-time and an OSD performance prediction model is built to obtain weights for performance impact factors. Finally, a mathematical model is proposed for multi-attribute decision making in conjunction with the OSD state and its prediction model. Furthermore, this model is addressed to optimize read and write performance adaptively. Compared with the original Ceph system, TOPSIS_PA improves the performance of reading operations by 36%; TOPSIS_CW and TOPSIS_PACW algorithms improve the elastic read performance by 23 to 60% and 36 to 85%, and the elastic write performance by 180 to 468% and 188 to 611%, respectively.
‘I have used up my entire youth in the bush’: the Comités de Autodefensa during and after the Peruvian internal armed conflict
Authors: Willems Eva
Published: October 2022

Youngsters participate as combatants at the forefront of armed conflicts around the globe, be it as part of state forces, as members of rebel groups, or as drivers of armed civilian resistance. This contribution explores the social trajectories of (ex-)civil self-defense militia members in Peru who fought alongside the state forces to defeat the Maoist rebels of Shining Path in the 1980 and 1990s. On the one hand, by taking the Peruvian Comités de Autodefensa (CAD) as a somewhat atypical case-study, the article aims to enhance a more nuanced understanding of youth as drivers of and participants in civil war violence which transcends the victim-perpetrator dichotomy. On the other, by analyzing the social trajectories of CAD leaders and members from their youth until the present, it seeks to gain insight into ex-combatants’ claims for recognition, reparation and citizenship in the aftermath of armed conflict. The trajectories of the CAD members demonstrate how the morality of soldiering, steered by ideas about masculinity, militarism and patriotism, gets intertwined with structural societal conditions such as the lack of educational and economic perspectives for youngsters, and the state’s failure to provide protection and security against rebel group violence to those who might need it most. In the aftermath of the conflict, militia service and the corresponding macho warrior identity form a basis of demands for inclusion by an historically marginalized rural population group. The findings on the Peruvian self-defense committees presented in this article have several implications for research and policy in the fields of Transitional Justice and Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration, and open both thematic and conceptual avenues for further research into civilian participation in armed conflicts around the globe.
Digital technology supports science education for students with disabilities: A systematic review
Authors: Mikropoulos Tassos Anastasios , Iatraki Georgia
Published: October 2022

Students with disabilities are being encouraged to achieve high academic standards in science education to understand the natural world, acquire life skills, and experience career success. To this end, digital technology supports students with disabilities in order for them to achieve science literacy. While relevant research has presented evidence-based practices to teach science content, the role of technology has yet to be clearly defined in teaching and learning processes. This article presents a systematic literature review on the contribution of technology in science education for students with disabilities. A total of 21 journal articles, during the 2013–2021 period, were identified after an exhaustive search in academic databases. The educational context and learning outcomes of these 21 empirical studies were analyzed. The results show that increased motivation was the main contribution for using digital technology in science education. Positive learning outcomes likely depend on the way digital technology is used, i.e., affordances of each specific technological implementation. Digital technology and its affordances are recommended among other quality indicators for evidence-based research designs in digitally supported learning environments for students with disabilities.
Community extinction: the groundwater (stygo-)fauna of Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles
Authors: Humphreys William F.
Published: October 2022

The research aimed to recollect specimens from Curaçao of the genus Halosbaena belonging to the rare crustacean order Thermosbaenacea, a genus with a relictual Tethyan distribution. It resulted in recording the apparent extinction of the entire, species-rich, subterranean fauna on the island that had occurred within a period of 43 years up to 2015. The composition of the groundwater fauna on Curaçao was sampled in 2015 for comparison with sampling undertake 43 years previously. Despite using the same sampling methods previously used and comprehensive coverage of the available sampling sites, no stygofauna specimen was collected from sampling in 2015 in contrast to more than 50 species collected from the initial sampling in 1973. It is hypothesised that this faunal extinction was associated with the oil industry, but it is unclear whether it resulted from petroleum pollution of groundwater drawdown or recharge. This record of the extinction of an entire ecosystem, rather than merely some members of it, is perhaps unique, but is concerning amongst the more diffuse extinction events happening globally.
Combined Surface Light Scattering and Pendant-Drop Experiments for the Determination of Viscosity and Surface Tension of High-Viscosity Fluids Demonstrated for Ionic Liquids
Authors: Zhai Ziwen , Jander Julius H. , Bergen Alexander , Cui Junwei , Meyer Karsten , Koller Thomas M.
Published: October 2022

The present study provides a strategy for the determination of the viscosity and surface tension of high-viscosity fluids in the form of ionic liquids (ILs) at equilibrium conditions by combining surface light scattering (SLS) and the pendant-drop (PD) method within one experimental setup. Through the study of the same sample under identical conditions by both methods inside a closed system, the surface tension determined via the PD method can be directly used to evaluate the dynamics of surface fluctuations of ILs with an overdamped behavior probed by SLS for accessing their viscosity. In connection with the SLS experiments, variations in the applied detection geometries in reflection and transmission direction and in the probed wave vectors down to relatively small values were also addressed. The reliability and self-consistency of SLS and the PD method applied within the same sample cell has been proven by investigating the reference fluids tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate (TOTM) and n-dodecane featuring relatively high and low viscosities. For the two studied model ILs of opaque to non-transparent color, i.e., the hydrophobic 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([OMIM][PF6]) and the hydrophilic 1,3-bis(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl)imidazolium iodide ([(mPEG2)2Im]I), the combination of PD measurements and SLS experiments in reflection direction performed at ambient pressure between (303 and 373) K allowed access to the viscosity and surface tension with typical relative expanded uncertainties of (4 and 2) %. These results agree well with own viscosity data from capillary viscometry and experimental data in the literature, demonstrating the performance of the novel approach for the contactless in-situ measurement of viscosity and surface tension of fluids with relatively high-viscosity such as ILs.
$$(S_2)$$-condition and Cohen–Macaulay binomial edge ideals
Authors: Lerda Alberto , Mascia Carla , Rinaldo Giancarlo , Romeo Francesco
Published: October 2022

We describe the simplicial complex $$\Delta $$
Δ
such that the initial ideal of the binomial edge ideal $$J_\textrm{G}$$

J
G

of G is the Stanley-Reisner ideal of $$\Delta $$
Δ
. By using $$\Delta $$
Δ
we show that if $$J_\textrm{G}$$

J
G

is $$(S_2)$$

(

S
2

)

, then G is accessible. We also characterize all accessible blocks with whiskers of cycle rank 3 and we define a new infinite class of accessible blocks with whiskers for any cycle rank. Finally, by using a computational approach, we show that the graphs with at most 12 vertices whose binomial edge ideal is Cohen–Macaulay are all and only the accessible ones.
Global Patterns in Island Colonization during the Holocene
Authors: Leppard Thomas P. , Cochrane Ethan E. , Gaffney Dylan , Hofman Corinne L. , Laffoon Jason E. , Bunbury Magdalena M. E. , Broodbank Cyprian
Published: October 2022

Analysis of the spatial and temporal structure of global island colonization allows us to frame the extent of insular human cultural diversity, model the impact of common environmental factors cross-culturally, and understand the contribution of island maritime societies to big historical processes. No such analysis has, however, been undertaken since the 1980s. In this paper we review and update global patterns in island colonization, synthesizing data from all the major island groups and theaters and undertaking quantitative and qualitative analysis of these data. We demonstrate the continued relevance of certain biogeographic and environmental factors in structuring how humans colonized islands during the Holocene. Our analysis also suggests the importance of other factors, some previously anticipated—such as culturally ingrained seafaring traditions and technological enhancement of dispersal capacity—but some not, such as the relationship between demographic growth and connectivity, differing trophic limitations impinging on colonizing farmers versus hunter-gatherer-foragers, and the constraining effects of latitude. We also connect colonization with continental dynamics: both the horizontal transmission of farming lifestyles earlier in the Holocene, and subsequent centrifugal processes associated with early state formation later in the Holocene.
Chromatic dispersion compensation by cascaded FBG with duobinary modulation scheme
Authors: Mustafa Fathy M. , Zaky Sayed A. , Khalaf Ashraf A. M. , Aly Moustafa H.
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we propose a dispersion compensation model to minimize the chromatic dispersion to enhance system performance. The proposed model is based on applying the duobinary modulation scheme on 4-stages of cascaded identical apodized uniform fiber Bragg grating. Different apodization functions are tested to determine the one that provides the best performance. The proposed model is connected in three different connection schemes: pre, post and symmetrical, to get the best connection. To evaluate the performance of the proposed system, a comparative study is conducted using non-return to zero (NRZ) and modified duobinary (MDB) modulation schemes. For evaluation, a 10 Gbps WDM link is simulated at a distance of 100 km under a set of predefined operating parameters. Optisystem 17.0 is used for simulation and evaluation. Both quality factor (Q-factor) and bit error rate (BER) are used as performance indices. All cases of NRZ modulation scheme do not meet the minimum operational requirements in terms of Q-factor and BER. Only in the case of MDB modulation scheme, the symmetrical compensation with tanh apodization meets the minimum operational requirements with a Q-factor of 6.39 and BER of 8.44 × 10–11. The proposed model achieves better results as compared to the other modulation schemes: a maximum Q-factor values of 8.964 and a BER of 1.3 × 10–19 with tanh apodization in the pre-compensation scheme. As compared to related work, the system performance achieves ~ 99% improvement.
The “C” in crowdfunding is for co-financing: exploring participative co-financing, a complement of novel and traditional bank financing
Authors: Bock Carolin , Siebeneicher Sven , Rockel Jens
Published: October 2022

We explore the potentials of participative co-financing as a means for regional banks to integrate an innovative financing technique that enhances their strengths. Our goal is to interest platform operators, decision-makers of regional banks, and researchers in the potentials of participative co-financing. We define participative co-financing as capital provision, where professional financing sources provide one part, and the other is supplied via participative crowdfunding. We claim that crowdfunding and regional banks are compatible by common interests. We explore potentials emanating at the intersection of both fields by drawing on entrepreneurship and finance literature. Eventually, we bridge the gap between both fields of research. To guide our research, we develop a framework featuring the intersection of crowdfunding and regional banks. We ask: Which potentials affect the intentions of decision-makers in regional banks to offer participative co-financing? The technology acceptance model (TAM) provides a theoretical foundation for our analysis. We conduct a twofold analysis by looking at the direct effects of potentials first and acceptance according to the TAM second. Thereby we consider the intention to offer lending- and equity-based co-financing. We surveyed decision-makers from an association of German savings banks and derived 108 answers. We show that regional banks generally accept participative co-financing as an innovative financing technique. The most likely model is lending-based co-financing, with individual persons, startups, and SMEs as target groups. Decision-makers hope to profit from cross-selling and being perceived as innovative. Nevertheless, further research and trials are necessary to advance participative co-financing.
How can diverse national food and land-use priorities be reconciled with global sustainability targets? Lessons from the FABLE initiative
Authors: Mosnier Aline , Schmidt-Traub Guido , Obersteiner Michael , Jones Sarah , Javalera-Rincon Valeria , DeClerck Fabrice , Thomson Marcus , Sperling Frank , Harrison Paula , Pérez-Guzmán Katya , McCord Gordon Carlos , Navarro-Garcia Javier , Marcos-Martinez Raymundo , Wu Grace C. , Poncet Jordan , Douzal Clara , Steinhauser Jan , Monjeau Adrian , Frank Federico , Lehtonen Heikki , Rämö Janne , Leach Nicholas , Gonzalez-Abraham Charlotte E. , Ghosh Ranjan Kumar , Jha Chandan , Singh Vartika , Bai Zhaohai , Jin Xinpeng , Ma Lin , Strokov Anton , Potashnikov Vladimir , Orduña-Cabrera Fernando , Neubauer Rudolf , Diaz Maria , Penescu Liviu , Domínguez Efraín Antonio , Chavarro John , Pena Andres , Basnet Shyam , Fetzer Ingo , Baker Justin , Zerriffi Hisham , Reyes Gallardo René , Bryan Brett Anthony , Hadjikakou Michalis , Lotze-Campen Hermann , Stevanovic Miodrag , Smith Alison , Costa Wanderson , Habiburrachman A. H. F. , Immanuel Gito , Selomane Odirilwe , Daloz Anne-Sophie , Andrew Robbie , van Oort Bob , Imanirareba Dative , Molla Kiflu Gedefe , Woldeyes Firew Bekele , Soterroni Aline C. , Scarabello Marluce , Ramos Fernando M. , Boer Rizaldi , Winarni Nurul Laksmi , Supriatna Jatna , Low Wai Sern , Fan Andrew Chiah Howe , Naramabuye François Xavier , Niyitanga Fidèle , Olguín Marcela , Popp Alexander , Rasche Livia , Godfray Charles , Hall Jim W. , Grundy Mike J. , Wang Xiaoxi
Published: October 2022

There is an urgent need for countries to transition their national food and land-use systems toward food and nutritional security, climate stability, and environmental integrity. How can countries satisfy their demands while jointly delivering the required transformative change to achieve global sustainability targets? Here, we present a collaborative approach developed with the FABLE—Food, Agriculture, Biodiversity, Land, and Energy—Consortium to reconcile both global and national elements for developing national food and land-use system pathways. This approach includes three key features: (1) global targets, (2) country-driven multi-objective pathways, and (3) multiple iterations of pathway refinement informed by both national and international impacts. This approach strengthens policy coherence and highlights where greater national and international ambition is needed to achieve global goals (e.g., the SDGs). We discuss how this could be used to support future climate and biodiversity negotiations and what further developments would be needed.
Heart Failure After Right Ventricular Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Nägele Matthias P. , Flammer Andreas J.
Published: October 2022

Purpose of Review

Heart failure (HF) after right ventricular myocardial infarction (RVMI) is common and complicates its clinical course. This review aims to provide a current overview on the characteristic features of RV failure with focus on acute management.

Recent Findings

While HF after RVMI is classically seen after acute proximal right coronary artery occlusion, RV dysfunction may also occur after larger infarctions in the left coronary artery. Because of its different anatomy and physiology, the RV appears to be more resistant to permanent infarction compared to the LV with greater potential for recovery of ischemic myocardium. Hypotension and elevated jugular pressure in the presence of clear lung fields are hallmark signs of RV failure and should prompt confirmation by echocardiography. Management decisions are still mainly based on small studies and extrapolation of findings from LV failure. Early revascularization improves short- and long-term outcomes. Acute management should further focus on optimization of preload and afterload, maintenance of sufficient perfusion pressures, and prompt management of arrhythmias and concomitant LV failure, if present. In case of cardiogenic shock, use of vasopressors and/or inotropes should be considered along with timely use of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) in eligible patients.

HF after RVMI is still a marker of worse outcome in acute coronary syndrome. Prompt revascularization, careful medical therapy with attention to the special physiology of the RV, and selected use of MCS provide the RV the time it needs to recover from the ischemic insult.
Management of Kidney Stone Disease in Pregnancy: A Practical and Evidence-Based Approach
Authors: Juliebø-Jones Patrick , Somani Bhaskar K. , Baug Stephen , Beisland Christian , Ulvik Øyvind
Published: October 2022

Purpose of Review

Suspected kidney stone disease during pregnancy is a difficult condition for health professionals to manage. This is partly due to the more limited range of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, which can be safely applied. A comprehensive review of literature was performed to identify evidence to develop a practical guide to aid clinicians.

Recent Findings

Ultrasound remains the recommended first line option for imaging. Complicated cases, such as suspected infected obstructed system, require urgent decompression such as in the form of percutaneous nephrostomy. This article highlights the pharmacotherapeutic agents, which are considered safe for use in pregnancy. Where surgical intervention is indicated, evidence supports ureteroscopy to be a safe option as long as infection has been treated. Ureteroscopy can offer definitive clearance of the stone(s) and can be less burdensome regarding bothersome symptoms compared to indwelling ureteral stent or nephrostomy, which also require regular exchange due to the high propensity for encrustation in pregnancy.

A multidisciplinary approach is fundamental to safely manage suspected kidney stone disease in pregnancy. Adoption of a locally agreed pathway as suggested in this article supports improved patient care.
Deconstruction of Neurotrypsin Reveals a Multi-factorially Regulated Activity Affecting Myotube Formation and Neuronal Excitability
Authors: Canciani Anselmo , Capitanio Cristina , Stanga Serena , Faravelli Silvia , Scietti Luigi , Mapelli Lisa , Soda Teresa , D’Angelo Egidio , Kienlen-Campard Pascal , Forneris Federico
Published: October 2022

Neurotrypsin (NT) is a highly specific nervous system multi-domain serine protease best known for its selective processing of the potent synaptic organizer agrin. Its enzymatic activity is thought to influence processes of synaptic plasticity, with its deregulation causing accelerated neuromuscular junction (NMJ) degeneration or contributing to forms of mental retardation. These biological effects are likely to stem from NT-based regulation of agrin signaling. However, dissecting the exact biological implications of NT-agrin interplay is difficult, due to the scarce molecular detail regarding NT activity and NT-agrin interactions. We developed a strategy to reliably produce and purify a catalytically competent engineered variant of NT called “NT-mini” and a library of C-terminal agrin fragments, with which we performed a thorough biochemical and biophysical characterization of NT enzyme functionality. We studied the regulatory effects of calcium ions and heparin, identified NT’s heparin-binding domain, and discovered how zinc ions induce modulation of enzymatic activity. Additionally, we investigated myotube differentiation and hippocampal neuron excitability, evidencing a dose-dependent increase in neuronal activity alongside a negative impact on myoblast fusion when using the active NT enzyme. Collectively, our results provide in vitro and cellular foundations to unravel the molecular underpinnings and biological significance of NT-agrin interactions.