bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PEMERIKSAAN EEG UNTUK DIAGNOSIS DAN MONITORING PADA KELAINAN NEUROLOGI
Authors: Bintoro Aris Catur
Published: September 2019

Elektroensefalografi (EEG) adalah rekaman aktifitas listrik neuron otak. Fluktuasi arus listrik tersebut didapatkan dari perbedaan voltase yang diukur dari elektrode yang ditempel di kulit kepala (skalp), langsung dipermukaan kortek serebri, atau di dalam jaringan otak. 

Sejarah penggunaan alat EEG dimulai pada tahun 1924 dimana Hans Berger seorang ahli fisiologi dan psikiatri Jerman untuk pertama kali melakukan rekaman otak pada manusia . Penemuan ini dikonfirmasi dan dikembangkan oleh para ilmuwan berikutnya. Tercatat nama seperti Gibbs, Davis dan Lennox pada tahun 1935 menemukan gelombang inter iktal spike dan 3 Hz spike and wave complex pada absence seizure, serta Gibs dan Jasper menemukan gelombang interiktal spike sebagai petunjuk epilepsi fokal.

Dengan berjalannya waktu dan semakin berkembangnya teknologi, maka mesin / teknik pemeriksaan EEG mengalami kemajuan. Semula mesin EEG menggunakan teknik pen yang langsung mencetak di atas kertas, saat ini dengan komputer yang data listrik otak bisa diolah langung sehingga memungkinkan disusun dalam berbagai montage dalam satuan waktu yang sama.

EEG merupakan salah satu alat diagnostik dan monitoring penting di bidang Neurologi, yang berfungsi menilai neurofisiologi neuron otak. Interpretasi klinik temuan EEG harus dikaitkan dengan kondisi pasien seperti gejala klinis, pemeriksaan fisik, dan hasil pemeriksaan penunjang lain. Proses rekaman dan interpretasi hasil EEG ini membutuhkan supervisi dari seorang ahli elektroensefalografi.
Hubungan Gambaran Foto Toraks Posisi Supine dengan Volume Efusi Pleura Berdasarkan Pemeriksaan Ultrasonografi
Authors: Wulandari Komang , Satoto Bambang , Suryanto Agus
Published: September 2019

Latar belakang : Foto toraks dan ultrasonografi merupakan sarana pemeriksaan radiologi yang sederhana dan praktis untuk memperlihatkan efusi pleura. Manifestasi gambaran radiologi pada foto toraks supine dapat bervariasi tergantung dari jumlah volume efusi pleura yang dapat diperkirakan dengan pemeriksaan ultrasonografi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis hubungan gambaran foto toraks posisi supine dengan volume efusi pleura berdasarkan pemeriksaan ultrasonografi (USG).

Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan menggunakan rancangan belah lintang dan subyek penelitian adalah pasien dengan efusi pleura yang telah mendapatkan pemeriksaan ultrasonografi dan pemeriksaan foto toraks supine di RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang pada bulan Januari–April 2011.

Hasil : Terdapat 53 paru yang diperiksa dari 35 subyek penelitian yang terdiri dari 16 laki-laki (45,7%) dan 19 perempuan (54,3%). Gambaran peningkatan densitas homogen hemitoraks dan kesuraman sinus kostofrenikus lateralis keduanya terjadi pada semua paru yang diteliti. Sedangkan hilangnya silhouette hemidiafragma terjadi pada 41 paru (77,4%) dan apical capping terdapat pada 18 paru (35,8%). Sebagian besar paru yang diteliti

24 (45,3%) berada pada kelompok volume efusi pleura 600–1000 ml (efusi pleura moderate). Peningkatan densitas homogen hemitoraks dan kesuraman sinus kostofrenikus lateralis dijumpai pada semua tingkat volume efusi pleura tetapi tidak berhubungan dengan tingkat volume efusi pleura (p=0,180) sedangkan variabel hilangnya silhouette hemidiafragma dan apical capping masing-masing mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna dengan tingkat volume efusi pleura (p=0,0001). Secara statistik dengan uji Kappa menunjukkan adanya kesesuaian hasil pembacaan oleh kedua dokter spesialis radiologi (p=0,889). Simpulan : Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara gambaran foto toraks posisi supine (AP) dengan volume efusi pleura yang diukur dengan USG. Gambaran radiologis yang bermakna pada foto toraks posisi supine yaitu hilangnya sillhouette hemidiafragma dan apical capping yang akan ditemukan pada volume efusi pleura ? 600 ml.

Kata kunci : Efusi pleura, volume efusi pleura, apical capping, hilangnya silhouette hemidiafragma.
Pengaruh Pemberian NAcetylcysteine terhadap Kadar SGOT dan SGPT pada Tikus Wistar yang Diberi Parasetamol
Authors: Rusmaladewi Aprillina , Istanto Widya
Published: September 2019

Latar belakang : Parasetamol merupakan obat analgesik yang efektif digunakan sebagai pengobatan mandiri untuk meredakan demam, sakit kepala dan nyeri ringan sampai sedang. Pada dosis yang besar lebih dari 2000 mg per hari dapat mengakibatkan gangguan fungsi hepar karena pembentukan NAPQI yang merupakan metabolit aktif yang berbahaya dimana parameter kerusakan sel hepar yang dapat diukur adalah kadar SGPT dan SGOT. NAC merupakan suatu asam amino sistein yang berpotensi memberikan perlindungan bagi hepar yang terpapar stress oksidatif karena kemampuannya membentuk glutathion hepar yang berfungsi sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian NAC terhadap kadar SGOT dan SGPT pada tikus wistar jantan yang diberi Parasetamol
Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Intensitas Nyeri Pasien Pasca Operasi Fraktur Ekstremitas Bawah di BRSU Tabanan
Authors: Wijaya I Putu Artha , Evi Yantini Kadek , Susila I Made Dwie Pradnya
Published: September 2019

Pasien pasca operasi fraktur seringkali mengeluh rasa nyeri, nyeri yang dirasakan pasca operasi disebabkan karena terjadinya torehan, tarikan, manipulasi jaringan dan organ. Hasil penelitian ini bertujuan memberikan deskripsi karakteristik dari responden dan menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi intensitas nyeri pasien pasca operasi fraktur ekstremitas bawah.

Rancangan penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional pada 30 responden pasca operasi fraktur ekstremitas bawah. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik insidental sampling. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor – faktor yang berhubungan secara signifikan terhadap intensitas nyeri pasien pasca operasi fraktur ekstremitas bawah adalah jenis kelamin (p = 0,001), tingkat pendidikan (p = 0,001), mekanisme koping (p = 0,001) dan dukungan keluarga (p = 0,001) dengan nilai α = 0,05 sedangkan faktor usia (p= 0,330) dan pengalaman tindakan operasi yang menyebabkan nyeri (p= 0,770) yang artinya tidak ada hubungan faktor usia dan pengalaman tindakan operasi yang menyebabkan nyeri terhadap intensitas nyeri pasien pasca operasi fraktur ekstremitas bawah (p>0,05).

Hasil penelitian ini bermanfaat bagi praktisi keperawatan sebagai acuan asuhan keperawatan dalam melakukan manajemen nyeri pasca operasi fraktur ekstremitas bawah untuk mempertimbangkan faktor jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, mekanisme koping dan dukungan keluarga. Saran dari hasil penelitian ini perlu adanya penelitian lebih lanjut dengan jumlah sampel yang lebih besar dan faktor-faktor lain yang dapat mempengaruhi nyeri.
Identifying Barriers to Therapeutic Adherence in Type 2-Diabetes: A Complex and Multidimensional Clinical Issue
Authors: Siddiqui Mujtaba Hasan , Akhtar Khan Iqbal , Moyeen Fauzia , Chaudhary Khawar Abbas
Published: September 2019

The problem of therapeutic non-adherence is a serious issue adversely affecting the adequate control and management of Type2 Diabetes (T2D).This unwelcoming situation has been studied well on various spots on the globe, with diverse results. The present study, aimed at identifying the barriers to therapeutic adherence, was conducted on a set of proven cases of T2D, managed by primary healthcare providers. The adherence rate to medication alone was 42% while to medication plus lifestyle recommendations 27%. Whereas sub-optimal health literacy, complexity of prescription and socioeconomic aspects were the main determinants, lapse on the part of healthcare system cannot be underscored. The present qualitative study was a preliminary investigation on a small sample .The magnitude of the problem necessitates that a large scale multi-centre in-depth quantitative study in 5 dimensions (recommended by WHO): socio-economic factors, health care team and system related factors, condition related factors , therapy related factors and patient related factors, be done on priority basis. This would pave the way for planning a well-designed intervention programme.
RESEARCH ON MANAGEMENT AND APPLICATION OF TUNNEL ENGINEERING BASED ON BIM TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Song ZhanPing , Shi GuiLin , Wang JunBao , Wei HaiMin , Wang Tao , Zhou GuanNan
Published: September 2019

The emergence of BIM technology has provided powerful technical means for realizing informatization and digitization in the field of engineering construction, which remarkably promotes the transformation and advance of production and management modes in engineering construction. Presently, the application and development of BIM technology in the field of engineering construction has become increasingly mature, yet in the field of tunnel engineering, the application of BIM technology is still in its infancy. Under such a circumstance, this paper first puts forward the basic hardware and software configuration requirements for BIM technology in tunnel engineering, and elaborates the basic structure of the BIM technology implementation team from eight respects. Second, this paper elaborates the general principles and the basic process of BIM technology application in tunnel engineering. Third, the paper proposes the initial construction scheme of the tunnel engineering collaborative management platform based on BIM technology, and analyzes the feasibility of platform development deeply. Last, the BIM technology is applied to two projects including Tunnel 1 in Yinxi Railway Huanxian County and Tianjin Metro Line 6, which provides auxiliary technical means for solving practical engineering problems, and provides some reference for subsequent application researches of BIM-like technologies in tunnel engineering.
Mapping the Stellar Halo with the H3 Spectroscopic Survey
Authors: Conroy Charlie , Bonaca Ana , Cargile Phillip , Johnson Benjamin D. , Caldwell Nelson , Naidu Rohan P. , Zaritsky Dennis , Fabricant Daniel , Moran Sean , Rhee Jaehyon , Szentgyorgyi Andrew , Berlind Perry , Calkins Michael L. , Kattner ShiAnne , Ly Chun
Published: September 2019

Modern theories of galaxy formation predict that the Galactic stellar halo was hierarchically assembled from the accretion and disruption of smaller systems. This hierarchical assembly is expected to produce a high degree of structure in the combined phase and chemistry space; this structure should provide a relatively direct probe of the accretion history of our Galaxy. Revealing this structure requires precise 3D positions (including distances), 3D velocities, and chemistry for large samples of stars. The Gaia satellite is delivering proper motions and parallaxes for >1 billion stars to G ≈ 20. However, radial velocities and metallicities will only be available to G ≈ 15, which is insufficient to probe the outer stellar halo (≳10 kpc). Moreover, parallaxes will not be precise enough to deliver high-quality distances for stars beyond ∼10 kpc. Identifying accreted systems throughout the stellar halo therefore requires a large ground-based spectroscopic survey to complement Gaia. Here we provide an overview of the H3 Stellar Spectroscopic Survey, which will deliver precise stellar parameters and spectrophotometric distances for ≈200,000 stars to r = 18. Spectra are obtained with the Hectochelle instrument at the MMT, which is configured for the H3 Survey to deliver resolution R ≈ 23,000 spectra covering the wavelength range 5150–5300 Å. The survey is optimized for stellar halo science and therefore focuses on high Galactic latitude fields (

), sparsely sampling 15,000 sq. degrees. Targets are selected on the basis of Gaia parallaxes, enabling very efficient selection of bona fide halo stars. The survey began in the fall of 2017 and has collected 88,000 spectra to-date. All of the data, including the derived stellar parameters, will eventually be made publicly available via the survey website: h3survey.rc.fas.harvard.edu.
Semantic web and knowledge graphs as an educational technology of personnel training for nuclear power engineering
Authors: Telnov Victor , Korovin Yuri
Published: September 2019

The technologies of knowledge representation and inference in an artificial intelligence system focused on the domain of nuclear physics and nuclear power engineering are considered. The possibilities of description logics and graph databases of nuclear knowledge for the generation of cognitive hypotheses, using in addition to deduction and other ways of reasoning, such as inductive inference and reasoning based on analogies, are discussed. The use of adequate description logic and measures of semantic similarity is substantiated. Interactive visual navigation and reasoning on the knowledge graphs are performed by means of special retrieval widgets and the smart RDF browser. Operations with semantic repositories are implemented on cloud platforms using SPARQL queries and RESTful services. The proposed software solutions are based on cloud computing using DBaaS and PaaS service models to ensure scalability of data warehouses and network services. Example of use of the offered technologies and software has been given.
Fondements innés de l’acquis
Authors: Rochat Philippe
Published: September 2019

Par nécessité génétique et évolutive, l’enfant hérite à la naissance d’un patrimoine biologique considérable, en l’occurrence son corps et en particulier son cerveau, ainsi que d’une palette de comportements possibles. En plus de ce capital biologique, c’est aussi au hasard de sa naissance que l’enfant hérite d’une niche développementale qui est déterminée par le milieu physique et socio-culturel de ses parents. Cette niche développementale étant de facto héritée, elle fait donc aussi partie des “fondements innés de l’acquis” dont traite cet article. A la lumière de faits expérimentaux sur la psychologie du développement, le but est de rappeler qu’il est nécessaire de garder à l’esprit ces fondements innés dans toute discussion sur l’anthropologie du bébé.
L’observateur du bébé et sa culture scientifique : quels liens entre disciplines ?
Authors: Ouss Lisa
Published: September 2019

Partant d’un texte tremplin de Benoit Quirot sur le bébé et l’anthropologie, proposant de rebondir sur la question de la transdisciplinarité, ce texte opère un déplacement en traitant de la culture de la discipline et du professionnel qui travaille avec les bébés, et de la manière dont cette culture influe sur la pratique. Il développe d’abord les conditions et intérêts de la coordination des disciplines, en distinguant interdisciplinarité, pluridisciplinarité, transdisciplinarité. Il développe ensuite la notion que l’observation participante fasse « table rase » non pas du présupposé théorique qui organise en partie ce que l’on observe, mais plutôt de ce que l’on infère comme signification à ce que l’on a observé. Il propose de réfléchir à la distinction entre approche idiographique, qui approche bébé « réel », et nomothétique, qui appréhende un bébé « moyenné ». Il tente de comprendre si le bébé observé de manière transdisciplinaire gagne des compétences à être ainsi observé. Enfin, la question est posée de savoir s’il existe un véritable bébé de l’observation, en ce sens que l’on opère une inévitable réduction à appréhender un bébé qui change constamment en fonction de son développement et du cadre dans lequel il est observé. Il propose enfin une approche « complémentariste », inévitable méthodologiquement, en référence à Devereux, et questionne comment ces décentrations successives peuvent être opérationnalisées en clinique.
Le Comité Maurice Audin : s’organiser contre la torture
Authors: Julliard François-René
Published: September 2019

Cet article se propose, à partir d’archives privées et d’entretiens, de présenter l’histoire du Comité Maurice Audin. Né pendant la « bataille d’Alger » (1957), ce comité devient l’un des principaux acteurs de la lutte anticoloniale en métropole. À partir du cas de la disparition de Maurice Audin, ses membres, principalement des universitaires, étendent leur dénonciation à l’ensemble des actes de torture et de violence de guerre commis par l’armée française en Algérie. Organisation militante originale, le comité doit sa pérennité à une solide insertion dans les réseaux anticolonialistes de l’Université, de la presse et de l’édition. L’article évoque particulièrement la hiérarchie interne du comité et la division du travail militant en son sein.
La dissuasion nucléaire américaine et le retour de la compétition stratégique
Authors: Brustlein Corentin
Published: September 2019

Dès son arrivée au pouvoir, Donald Trump a demandé au Pentagone de conduire une révision de la posture nucléaire américaine. Après s’être initialement distinguée par un discours ambitieux dans le domaine du désarmement nucléaire, l’administration Obama avait durci sa posture à partir de 2014 et initié une modernisation de l’arsenal, en réponse à l’aggravation des tensions avec la Russie, la Chine et la Corée du Nord. Nonobstant les propos du nouveau président, la Nuclear Posture Review de 2018 se caractérise par une grande continuité, bien que préparant l’entrée dans une ère de compétition stratégique entre grandes puissances. Réaffirmant la place de l’arme nucléaire dans la stratégie américaine, ces orientations doctrinales renouent en outre avec une conception voyant dans la supériorité militaire le principal moyen d’assurer la sécurité des États-Unis.
Les États-Unis au défi des guerres irrégulières
Authors: Tenenbaum Élie
Published: September 2019

La guerre irrégulière est une forme de conflictualité qui hante la grande stratégie et la politique de défense des États-Unis malgré leurs efforts pour s’y soustraire. Les attentats du 11 septembre 2001 et les opérations militaires qui suivirent en Afghanistan, en Irak et ailleurs avaient ouvert un nouveau « cycle irrégulier » placé sous le sceau de l’interventionnisme et d’un renouveau de la contre-insurrection – doctrine abandonnée depuis la guerre du Vietnam – qui atteint un apogée à la fin du mandat de George W. Bush. L’arrivée de Barak Obama devait annoncer un certain reflux, marqué par la volonté de se désengager d’Irak, puis d’Afghanistan et de renforcer les partenaires locaux, plus à même de peser sur ces conflits complexes. Ce projet d’architecture de sécurité va pourtant s’effondrer sous les coups des printemps Arabes, du renouveau djihadiste et des stratégies « hybrides » par la Russie, la Chine et l’Iran. Face à cet imbroglio, la nouvelle administration Trump tempête et hésite, balançant entre une rhétorique de désengagement et une pratique de redoublement des efforts.
L’énigme de l’affirmation négative. Bisexualité psychique et homosexualité(s)
Authors: Adomnicai Irina
Published: September 2019

À travers l’évolution d’un traitement psychique de la psychothérapie psychanalytique à la mise en place enfin possible d’une cure classique, l’auteur interroge les conditions inter et intra-psychiques nécessaires au sujet, pour le passage de la position de patient(e) à celle d’analysant(e). Installée ainsi dans l’après-coup, la « sublimation dès le début » devient dans cette dynamique l’indispensable levier d’occurrence de la bisexualité psychique.
Assessment of mechanical properties of fibrous mortar and interlocking soil stabilised block (ISSB) for low-cost masonry housing
Authors: Qamar F. , Thomas T. , Ali M.
Published: September 2019

Walls of Interlocking Stabilised Soil Blocks (ISSBs) have been considered in low-cost houses around the world especially in developing countries. These were reported to be very weak in resisting the lateral load (e.g. wind or earthquake) without special considerations. In this paper, mechanical properties (compressive strength, elastic modulus, pre/post crack energy absorbed and toughness index) of ISSBs with three configurations and seven combinations of plain and fibrous mortar cubes are experimentally evaluated. Sisal fibre and rice straw (2% and 5%, by cement mass) were considered for fibrous mortar. Empirical equations were developed to predict elastic modulus. It was found that ISSBs had reasonable strength to be considered for masonry. The failure load and toughness index of 2% sisal fibre samples was improved by 10% and 16%, respectively, whereas 2.21 times enhancement was found in elastic modulus. Thus, 2% sisal fibre in plaster (i.e. reinforced coating) would likely improve the lateral resistance of interlocked masonry walling.
La ceguera al género en el currículum de la ciencia política y su impacto en el alumnado
Authors: Verge Mestre Tània , Alonso Álvarez Alba
Published: September 2019

Pese al prolífico marco normativo sobre perspectiva de género en la docencia universitaria, su implementación no ha sido efectiva. Este artículo presta atención al currículum de la Ciencia Política. En primer lugar, a través de distintos indicadores cuantitativos, analizamos las guías docentes de primer curso de todos los grados de Ciencia Política impartidos en España y realizamos un análisis de contenido cualitativo de los principales manuales introductorios. En segundo lugar, evaluamos el impacto que la ceguera al género detectada tiene sobre el alumnado, mediante el estudio de caso de una universidad, a través de grupos de discusión. La brecha existente entre el marco normativo sobre transversalidad de género en el ámbito universitario y la práctica de su implementación, concretamente en el currículum, nos permite reflexionar sobre cómo este déficit puede limitar el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico del alumnado y hacer que su futura práctica profesional reproduzca las desigualdades de género.
Event Time Relationship in Natural Language Text
Authors: Guda Vanitha , Sanampudi SureshKumar
Published: September 2019

Due to the numerous information needs, retrieval of events from a given natural language text is inevitable. In natural language processing (NLP) perspective, "Events" are situations, occurrences, real-world entities or facts. Extraction of events and arranging them on a timeline is helpful in various NLP application like building the summary of news articles, processing health records, and Question Answering System (QA) systems. This paper presents a framework for identifying the events and times from a given document and representing them using a graph data structure.  As a result, a graph is derived to show event-time relationships in the given text. Events form the nodes in a graph, and edges represent the temporal relations among the nodes. Time of an event occurrence exists in two forms namely qualitative (like before, after, duringetc) and quantitative (exact time points/periods). To build the event-time-event structure quantitative time is normalized to qualitative form. Thus obtained temporal information is used to label the edges among the events. Data set released in the shared task EvTExtract of (Forum for Information Retrieval Extraction) FIRE 2018 conference is identified to evaluate the framework. Precision and recall are used as evaluation metrics to access the performance of the proposed framework with other methods mentioned in state of the art with 85% of accuracy and 90% of precision.
Sensor Communication Model Using Cyber-Physical System Approach for Green Data Center
Authors: Hussin Masnida , Raja Mahmood Raja Azlina , Mustaffa Mas Rina
Published: September 2019

Energy consumption in distributed computing system gains a lot of attention recently after its processing capacity becomes significant for better business and economic operations. Comprehensive analysis of energy efficiency in high-performance data center for distributed processing requires ability to monitor a proportion of resource utilization versus energy consumption. In order to gain green data center while sustaining computational performance, a model of energy efficient cyber-physical communication is proposed. A real-time sensor communication is used to monitor heat emitted by processors and room temperature. Specifically, our cyber-physical communication model dynamically identifies processing states in data center while implying a suitable air-conditioning temperature level. The information is then used by administration to fine-tune the room temperature according to the current processing activities. Our automated triggering approach aims to improve edge computing performance with cost-effective energy consumption. Simulation experiments show that our cyber-physical communication achieves better energy consumption and resource utilization compared with other cooling model.
I Am the Institution
Authors: Montebello Matthew
Published: September 2019

The way adults pursue their education through life is changing as the technology around us relentlessly continues to enhance our quality of life and further enhances every aspect of the different tasks we set out to perform. This exploratory chapter looks into how every adult can embody a comprehensive set of academic services, platforms, and systems to assist every individual in the educational goals that one sets. A combination of three distinct technologies are presented together with how they not only come together but complement each other around a person in what is usually referred to as a personal area network. The network in this case incorporates an intelligent personal learning environment providing personalised content, intelligent wearables closer to the user to provide additional contextual customisation, and a surrounding ambient intelligent environment to close a trio of technologies around every individual.
The Deubiquitinating Enzyme Ubiquitin-Specific Peptidase 11 Potentiates TGF-β Signaling in CD4+ T Cells to Facilitate Foxp3+ Regulatory T and TH17 Cell Differentiation
Authors: Istomine Roman , Alvarez Fernando , Almadani Yasser , Philip Anie , Piccirillo Ciriaco A.
Published: September 2019

Foxp3+ regulatory T (TREG) cells are central mediators in the control of peripheral immune responses. Genome-wide transcriptional profiles show canonical signatures for Foxp3+ TREG cells, distinguishing them from Foxp3− effector T (TEFF) cells. We previously uncovered distinct mRNA translational signatures differentiating CD4+ TEFF and TREG cells through parallel measurements of cytosolic (global) and polysome-associated (translationally enhanced) mRNA levels in both subsets. We show that the mRNA encoding for the ubiquitin-specific peptidase 11 (USP11), a known modulator of TGF-β signaling, was preferentially translated in TCR-activated TREG cells compared with conventional, murine CD4+ T cells. TGF-β is a key cytokine driving the induction and maintenance of Foxp3 expression in T cells. We hypothesized that differential translation of USP11 mRNA endows TREG cells with an advantage to respond to TGF-β signals. In an in vivo mouse model promoting TREG cells plasticity, we found that USP11 protein was expressed at elevated levels in stable TREG cells, whereas ectopic USP11 expression enhanced the suppressive capacity and lineage commitment of these cells in vitro and in vivo. USP11 overexpression in TEFF cells enhanced the activation of the TGF-β pathway and promoted TREG or TH17, but not Th1, cell differentiation in vitro and in vivo, an effect abrogated by USP11 gene silencing or the inhibition of enzymatic activity. Thus, USP11 potentiates TGF-β signaling in both TREG and TEFF cells, in turn driving increased suppressive function and lineage commitment in thymic-derived TREG cells and potentiating the TGF-β–dependent differentiation of TEFF cells to peripherally induced TREG and TH17 cells.
Long term outcomes of open reduction internal fixation versus external fixation of distal radius fractures: A meta-analysis
Authors: Gouk Conor , Ng Shu-Kay , Knight Matthew , Bindra Randy , Thomas Michael
Published: September 2019

Distal radius fractures are among the most common fractures encountered in the clinical setting. Of these common fractures, it has been said that up to 60% are intraarticular in nature. Intra-articular or unstable and comminuted fractures represent severe and high energy injuries. Despite a large amount of literature, it is surgeon preference which determines the fixation method employed. There are only a few randomised control trials that report 2-year outcomes. There has yet to be a meta-analysis comparing the long-term outcomes of open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) and external fixation (EF). The aim of this metaanalysis is to identify any difference in the outcomes of either fixation method in the long term. We pooled the data of all the available randomised control trials that followed the patients for a minimum of 2 years and compared outcomes of ORIF against EF of distal radius fractures as per PRISMA guidelines from inception of the databases to December 2016. We then performed our meta-analysis using RevMan 5.3 software. Flexion/extension arcs were significantly improved in ORIF, and 7 of the 10 analysed outcomes supported ORIF, although most not to a significant degree. The meta-analysis indicated that there is no difference in outcomes with either form of treatment. Even though the flexion extension arc was statistically better in the ORIF group, the difference is not clinically meaningful.
South African stakeholders’ knowledge of community-based rehabilitation
Authors: Rule Sarah , Roberts Anton , McLaren Pamela , Philpott Susan
Published: September 2019

Background: Community-based rehabilitation (CBR) is a complex concept and strategy that has been implemented in diverse ways globally and in South Africa. Internationally, some stakeholders have described CBR as confusing, and this may influence implementation. A southern African study reports that there is insufficient evidence of the understanding of CBR in the region to influence training, policy and practice.Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate South African stakeholders’ knowledge of CBR.Method: This article reports on an electronic survey that was part of a larger mixed methods study. Based on the sample of 86 respondents, descriptive statistics were used to analyse the quantitative data and thematic analysis for the qualitative data.Results: The majority of respondents had had exposure to CBR, but almost a quarter had no knowledge of the CBR guidelines and matrix. The results revealed varying knowledge concerning the key concepts of CBR, its beneficiaries and its funders. Respondents identified persons with disabilities as having a central role in the implementation of CBR. Problems with the visibility of CBR programmes were noted, as well as misunderstandings by many therapists.Conclusion: The implementation of CBR, and its goal of ensuring the rights of persons with disabilities, is negatively affected by the confusion attached to the understanding of what CBR is. The misunderstandings about, and lack of visibility of, CBR in South Africa may hinder its growing implementation in the country in line with new government policies.
A Classified Bibliography on Ecclesiastes
Authors: Meek Russell L. , Beldman David J. H.
Published: September 2019

This volume is a comprehensive listing of bibliographical references to writings on the book of Ecclesiastes, beginning from 1900. Rather than being presented in alphabetical order, these references are classified according to genre, chapter, subject and theme; among the myriad of classifications are biblical theology, commentaries, death and the afterlife, God/the divine, joy, language, sexuality, structure and wisdom.

These classifications have been selected by specialists of Ecclesiastes, in order to guide scholars and researchers through the wealth of secondary material available and to prompt further research on the text. Through its collation of the incredible amount of bibliographical data on the book of Ecclesiastes, this collection will prove a vital resource for those working on Ecclesiastes for years to come.
Trade Progress Report - Doha Development Agenda and Aid for Trade
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: September 2019

Updates the Board on progress in the WTO negotiations under the Doha Development Agenda in the run-up to the Hong Kong SAR Ministerial in December, and presents proposals on aid for trade to be submitted to the Development Committee and International Monetary and Finance Committee in September as requested during the spring meetings.
Policy Support and Signaling in Low-Income Countries
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: September 2019

This paper explores how the Fund's instruments and practices might be adapted to support sound policies in low-income members, in particular those that do not have a need or want to use Fund resources.
Review of Fund Work on Trade
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: September 2019

The Fund has responded to a number of recent challenges facing its members by stepping up its work on trade. The Fund’s trade agenda has been shaped by both Executive Board guidance and demands on missions. The present report assesses the Fund’s priorities in the trade area, takes stock of its work, and reviews the Fund’s collaboration and division of labor with other institutions.
Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative and Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (MDRI) - Status of Implementation
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: September 2019

This report provides an update on the status of implementation, impact and costs of the enhanced Heavily Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) Initiative and the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (MDRI) since mid-2006. It also discusses the status of creditor participation in both initiatives and the issue of litigation of commercial creditors against HIPCs.
Investigation of fascial treatment effectiveness on pain, flexibility, functional level, and kinesiophobia in patients with chronic low back pain
Authors: Endamlı Doğan Burak , Bayramlar Kezban , Turhan Begümhan
Published: September 2019

Introduction

Fascial manipulations have received attention in the treatment of chronic low back pain (CLBP). The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of fascial manipulation on pain, flexibility, functional level, and kinesiophobia in patients with CLBP.

Methods

Overall, 55 individuals with a history of CLBP, without neurological deficits, lumbar disc herniation, lumbarization, spondylosis, or lumbar surgical history were included in the study. The participants were randomly divided into 2 groups depending on the patient protocol numbers. Subjects with odd protocol numbers were assigned to the study group (fascial manipulation) and those with even numbers to the control group (conventional physiotherapy). Both groups were assessed before and after the treatment in terms of pain, flexibility, functional level, and kinesiophobia.

Results

There were significant differences after both treatment methods in terms of pain, functional level, and flexibility (p < 0.05). However, pain levels decreased more statistically significantly in the fascial manipulation group than in the control group (p < 0.05). No significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of functional level, flexibility, or kinesiophobia after the treatment (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

We stated that fascial manipulation was more effective on pain than conventional physiotherapy methods (hot pack, microwave diathermy, interferential flow-vacuum applications, posterior pelvic tilt and abdominal exercises, stretching hip flexors and lumbar extensors) in patients with CLBP.
Dynamics of psychophysiological functions and indicators of physical and technical readiness in young football players aged 12–13 and 15–16 years during a 3-month training process
Authors: Kozina Zhanneta , Cretu Marian , Safronov Danil , Gryn Ivan , Shkrebtii Yurii , Bugayets Nataliya , Shepelenko Tatiana , Tanko Andrii
Published: September 2019

Introduction

The purpose of the research was to provide a comparative characteristic of the dynamics of psychophysiological functions and indicators of physical and technical readiness of young footballers aged 12–13 and 15–16 years during 3 months of training.

Methods

The study involved 24 football players; 12 were 12–13 years old, 12 were 15–16 years old. Parameters characteristic of determining the psychophysiological status, indicators of the nervous system work capacity, and attention indicators were analysed with the help of computer programs for psychophysiological testing. Also, the level of physical preparedness (60-m running, 1000-m running, shuttle running, pull-ups, standing long jump), and of technical preparedness (juggling, running throw) were established. Testing was carried out at the beginning of the preparatory period and at the beginning of the competition period of an annual training process cycle. The gap between the tests was 3 months.

Results

Changes of psychophysiological indicators and indicators of physical and technical fitness that occurred in the observed period were more expressed among the 12–13 years old football players than in those aged 15–16 years.

Conclusions

At the age of 12–13 years, emphasis should be put on the development of psychophysiological functions since at an older age the level of these functions is more difficult to influence, which can be decisive for the perfection of the athlete in football.
A new discrete wavelength backscattered ultraviolet algorithm for consistent volcanic SO2 retrievals from multiple satellite missions
Authors: Fisher Bradford L. , Krotkov Nickolay A. , Bhartia Pawan K. , Li Can , Carn Simon A. , Hughes Eric , Leonard Peter J. T.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. This paper describes a new discrete wavelength algorithm
developed for retrieving volcanic sulfur dioxide (SO2) vertical column
density (VCD) from UV observing satellites. The Multi-Satellite SO2
algorithm (MS_SO2) simultaneously retrieves column densities
of sulfur dioxide, ozone, and Lambertian effective reflectivity (LER) and its
spectral dependence. It is used operationally to process measurements from
the heritage Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) onboard NASA's
Nimbus-7 satellite (N7/TOMS: 1978–1993) and from the current Earth
Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) onboard Deep Space Climate Observatory
(DSCOVR: 2015–ongoing) from the Earth–Sun Lagrange (L1) orbit. Results from
MS_SO2 algorithm for several volcanic cases were assessed
using the more sensitive principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm. The
PCA is an operational algorithm used by NASA to retrieve SO2 from
hyperspectral UV spectrometers, such as the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) onboard NASA's Earth Observing System Aura satellite and Ozone Mapping and
Profiling Suite (OMPS) onboard NASA–NOAA Suomi National Polar Partnership
(SNPP) satellite. For this comparative study, the PCA algorithm was
modified to use the discrete wavelengths of the Nimbus-7/TOMS instrument,
described in Sect. S1 of the Supplement. Our results demonstrate good
agreement between the two retrievals for the largest volcanic eruptions of
the satellite era, such as the 1991 Pinatubo eruption. To estimate SO2
retrieval systematic uncertainties, we use radiative transfer simulations
explicitly accounting for volcanic sulfate and ash aerosols. Our results
suggest that the discrete-wavelength MS_SO2 algorithm,
although less sensitive than hyperspectral PCA algorithm, can be adapted to
retrieve volcanic SO2 VCDs from contemporary hyperspectral UV
instruments, such as OMI and OMPS, to create consistent, multi-satellite,
long-term volcanic SO2 climate data records.
Microstructure and composition of marine aggregates as co-determinants for vertical particulate organic carbon transfer in the global ocean
Authors: Maerz Joeran , Six Katharina D. , Stemmler Irene , Ahmerkamp Soeren , Ilyina Tatiana
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Marine aggregates are the vector for biogenically bound carbon and nutrients from the euphotic zone to the interior of the oceans. To improve the representation of this biological carbon pump in the global biogeochemical HAMburg Ocean Carbon Cycle (HAMOCC) model, we implemented a novel Microstructure, Multiscale, Mechanistic, Marine Aggregates in the Global Ocean (M4AGO) sinking scheme. M4AGO explicitly represents the size, microstructure, heterogeneous composition, density, and porosity of aggregates, and ties ballasting mineral and particulate organic carbon (POC) fluxes together. Additionally, we incorporated temperature-dependent remineralization of POC. We compare M4AGO with the standard HAMOCC version, where POC fluxes follow a Martin curve approach with linearly increasing sinking velocity with depth, and temperature-independent remineralization. Minerals descend separately with a constant speed. In contrast to the standard HAMOCC, M4AGO reproduces the latitudinal pattern of POC transfer efficiency which has been recently constrained by Weber et al. (2016). High latitudes show transfer efficiencies of ≈ 0.25 ± 0.04 and the subtropical gyres show lower values of about 0.10 ± 0.03. In addition to temperature as a driving factor, diatom frustule size co-determines POC fluxes in silicifiers-dominated ocean regions while calcium carbonate enhances the aggregate excess density, and thus sinking velocity in subtropical gyres. In ocean standalone runs and rising carbon dioxide (CO2) without CO2 climate feedback, M4AGO alters the regional ocean-atmosphere CO2 fluxes compared to the standard model. M4AGO exhibits higher CO2 uptake in the Southern Ocean compared to the standard run while in subtropical gyres, less CO2 is taken up. Overall, the global oceanic CO2 uptake remains the same. With the explicit representation of measurable aggregate properties, M4AGO can serve as a testbed for evaluating the impact of aggregate-associated processes on global biogeochemical cycles, and, in particular, on the biological carbon pump.
eSCAPE: Regional to Global Scale Landscape Evolution Model v2.0
Authors: Salles Tristan
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The eSCAPE model is a Python-based landscape evolution model that simulates over geological time (1) the dynamics of the landscape, (2) the transport of sediment from source to sink, and (3) continental and marine sedimentary basin formation under different climatic and tectonic conditions. The eSCAPE model is open-source, cross-platform, distributed under the GPLv3 licence, and available on GitHub (http://escape.readthedocs.io, last access: 23 September 2019). Simulated processes rely on a simplified mathematical representation of landscape processes – the stream power and creep laws – to compute Earth's surface evolution by rivers and hillslope transport. The main difference with previous models is in the underlying numerical formulation of the mathematical equations. The approach is based on a series of implicit iterative algorithms defined in matrix form to calculate both drainage area from multiple flow directions and erosion–deposition processes. The eSCAPE model relies on the PETSc parallel library to solve these matrix systems. Along with the description of the algorithms, examples are provided to illustrate the model current capabilities and limitations. It is the first landscape evolution model able to simulate processes at the global scale and is primarily designed to address problems on large unstructured grids (several million nodes).
Jena Soil Model: a microbial soil organic carbon model integrated with nitrogen and phosphorus processes
Authors: Yu Lin , Ahrens Bernhard , Wutzler Thomas , Schrumpf Marion , Zaehle Sönke
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The plant-soil interactions in a changing environment, such as the response of soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition, nutrient release, and plant uptake to elevated CO2 concentration, is essential to understand the global carbon (C) cycling and predict potential future climate feedbacks. These processes are poorly represented in current terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) due to the simple linear approach of SOM cycling and the ignorance of variation within the soil profile. While the emerging microbially-explicit soil organic carbon models can better describe C formation and turnover processes, they lack so far a coupling to nutrient cycles. Here we present a new SOM model, JSM (Jena Soil Model), which is microbially-explicit, vertically resolved, and integrated with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycle processes. JSM includes a representation of enzyme allocation to different depolymerisation sources based on the microbial adaptation approach, and a representation of nutrient acquisition competition based on the equilibrium chemistry approximation (ECA) approach. We present the model structure and basic features of the model performance against a German beech forest site. The model is capable of reproducing the main SOM stocks, microbial biomass, and their vertical patterns of the soil profile. We further test the model sensitivity to its parameterisation and show that JSM is generally sensitive to the change of microbial stoichiometry and microbial processes.
Meteorological drought in the Miño-Limia-Sil hydrographic demarcation: The role of atmospheric drivers
Authors: Sorí Rogert , Vázquez Marta , Stojanovic Milica , Nieto Raquel , Liberato Margarida , Gimeno Luis
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Drought is one of the main natural hazards because of its environmental, economic, and social impacts. Therefore, its study, monitoring and prediction for small regions, countries, or whole continents are challenging. In this work, the meteorological droughts affecting the Miño-Limia-Sil Hydrographic Demarcation (MLSHD) in the northwestern Iberian Peninsula during the period of 1980–2017 were identified. For this purpose, and to assess the combined effects of temperature and precipitation on drought conditions, the Standardised Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) was utilised. During the study period there was no trend in the series of SPEI at the temporal scale of 1 mo (SPEI1); however, the number of drought episodes and their severity have been increasing historically, but this metric was not statistically significant. Particular emphasis was given to investigating atmospheric circulation as a driver of different drought conditions. To this aim, a daily weather type classification was utilised for the entire Iberian Peninsula. The results showed that atmospheric circulation from the southwest, west, and northwest were directly related to dry and wet conditions in the MLSHD during the entire climatological year. Contrastingly, weather types imposing atmospheric circulation from the northeast, east, and southeast and pure anticyclonic circulation were negatively correlated with the SPEI1. In this sense, the major teleconnection atmospheric patterns related to dry/wet conditions were the Arctic Oscillation, Scandinavian Pattern, and North Atlantic Oscillation. Dry and wet conditions according to the SPEI at shorter temporal scales were closely related to the soil moisture in the root zone, and also strongly influenced the streamflow of the Miño and Limia rivers, especially during the rainy season. However, a direct relationship between soil moisture and streamflow was also observed when dry/wet conditions accumulated for more than 1 y. We concluded that regional patterns of land-use change and moisture recycling are important to consider in explaining runoff change, integrating land and water management, and informing water governance.