bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluación de la sensibilidad, asociada a factores sociodemográficos y económicos, de una zona rural expuesta a los impactos de la variabilidad y el cambio climático en México
Authors: Ahumada-Cervantes Ramiro , González-Márquez Luis Carlos , García-López Paúl Adaid , Cota-Montes Dulcelina
Published: July 2020

El cambio climático es una variación del clima atribuido principalmente a las actividades humanas; dicho cambio afecta ecosistemas, medios de vida, infraestructura, entre otros. Por esta razón, el objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la sensibilidad de áreas rurales expuestas a la variabilidad y el cambio climático utilizando un conjunto de indicadores al nivel de área geoestadística básica (AGEB). Este método se aplicó como caso de estudio en Guasave, Sinaloa, México. Se utilizaron 15 indicadores distribuidos en cuatro grupos de variables con igual peso. La información necesaria para cuantificar los indicadores se obtuvo del censo de población y vivienda 2010 y mediante la aplicación de encuestas en hogares. Los resultados muestran que 13 AGEB necesitan atención debido a su nivel de sensibilidad, la cual está asociada a una alta dependencia de actividades primarias. A partir de estos resultados, se plantean acciones para mejorar la capacidad adaptativa de la región.
Intertester and Intratester Reliability of Functional Movement Tests by Trained Testers in Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Park Kyue-nam , Kim Si-hyun
Published: July 2020

Background and Purpose:

Movement quality of the lower extremities is considered an indicator of functional status in older adults with knee osteoarthritis (OA), and visual assessment of movement quality during functional movement tests can identify movement dysfunction and predict factors associated with lower extremity injuries. This study investigated the intertester and intratester reliability of trained testers for functional movement tests in community-dwelling older adults with knee OA.

Methods:

This study was a cross-sectional study. A total of 43 older adults with knee OA were recruited for this study and performed 2 functional movement tests: squat and step-down. Movement quality during the functional movement tests was visually rated in segmental (trunk, pelvic, knee, and foot) and overall regions and was scored from 0 (acceptable) to 3 (marked dysfunction). Percentage of agreement and weighted κ coefficients were used to explore the reliability between and within testers.

Results:

The intertester reliability of the functional movement tests showed weak to strong agreement (weighted κ values from 0.44 to 0.88); the percentage agreement ranged from 52.78% to 93.02%. The intratester reliability of the functional movement tests showed weak to strong agreement (weighted κ values from 0.57 to 0.88); the percentage agreement ranged from 69.77% to 93.02%.

Conclusions:

Visual assessment of functional movement tests showed weak to strong intertester and intratester reliability to examine movement quality in community-dwelling older adults with knee OA. Thus, while it may be useful in a clinical setting to assess movement dysfunction segmentally and generally in older adults with knee OA; greater efforts would be needed to ensure high levels of agreement of functional movement tests.
A Randomized Controlled Study Assessing the Effects of a Shoe Lift Under the Nonparetic Leg on Balance Performance in Individuals With Chronic Stroke
Authors: Sheikh Mania , Hosseini Hossein Asghar
Published: July 2020

Background and Purpose:

Improvement of balance and postural stability is an important goal in stroke rehabilitation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a shoe lift under the nonparetic leg on balance function and balance confidence in persons with chronic stroke.

Methods:

Thirty-six individuals with chronic stroke (21 males and 15 females), who were able to walk independently and showed stance asymmetry, were randomized to a shoe insert and a control group. The interventions included a 6-week balance training program, in conjunction with a shoe lift under the nonaffected leg (shoe insert group, n = 18), or balance training alone (control group, n = 18). The outcome measures were weight-bearing asymmetry (WBA), root mean square (RMS) of anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) center-of-pressure (COP) velocity asymmetry, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale. These were measured in both groups at baseline, after the intervention, and at a 3-month follow-up. A repeated-measure multivariate analysis of variance was conducted to evaluate the impact of 2 different interventions on balance measures, across the 3 periods.

Results and Discussion:

No significant between-group differences were found for demographics and stroke-related characteristics of participants (P > .05). The outcome measures between the 2 groups were not significantly different at baseline (P > .05). There were between-group differences for WBA and the RMS of AP COP velocity asymmetry after the intervention and at the 3-month follow-up (P < .05). No significant difference in the RMS of ML COP velocity asymmetry, BBS, and ABC was identified between the 2 groups after the intervention and at the 3-month follow-up (P > .05).

Conclusion:

The results indicated that the use of a shoe lift under the nonaffected leg in the context of a balance training program could result in a greater improvement in static standing balance as compared with balance training alone in an individual with chronic stroke.

Trial Registration:

The study was retrospectively registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20190603043808N1).
To Blame? The Effects of Moralized Feedback on Implicit Racial Bias
Authors: Scaife Robin , Stafford Tom , Bunge Andreas , Holroyd Jules
Published: July 2020

Implicit bias training (IBT) is now frequently provided by employers, in order to raise awareness of the problems related to implicit biases, and of how to safeguard against discrimination that may result. However, as Atewologun et al. (2018) have noted, there is very little systematicity in IBT, and there are many unknowns about what constitutes good IBT. One important issue concerns the tone of information provided regarding implicit bias. This paper engages this question, focusing in particular on the observation that much bias training is delivered in exculpatory tone, emphasising that individuals are not to blame for possessing implicit biases. Normative guidance around IBT exhorts practitioners to adopt this strategy (Moss-Racusin et al. 2014). However, existing evidence about the effects of moralized feedback about implicit bias is equivocal (Legault et al. 2011; Czopp et al. 2006). Through a series of studies, culminating in an experiment with a pre-registered analysis plan, we develop a paradigm for evaluating the impact of moralized feedback on participants’ implicit racial bias scores. We also conducted exploratory analyses of the impact on their moods, and behavioural intentions. Our results indicated that an exculpatory tone, rather than a blaming or neutral tone, did not make participants less resistant to changing their attitudes and behaviours. In fact, participants in the blame condition had significantly stronger explicit intentions to change future behaviour than those in the ‘no feedback’ condition (see experiment 3). These results indicate that considerations of efficacy do not support the need for implicit bias feedback to be exculpatory. We tease out the implications of these findings, and directions for future research.
The Beast with Two Backs
Authors: Wade Erik
Published: July 2020

Today, the comparison of male homosexuality to bestiality is unfortunately too well-known from homophobic polemics. Yet this comparison has a history in the Anglophone world, and it emerged in the early European Middle Ages seemingly not in order to dehumanize men who had sex with men but in order to make bestiality appear serious by comparing it to male-male sexual acts. The eighth-century Paenitentiale Theodori—which collects the judgments of the Byzantine-born Archbishop Theodore—is the earliest extant English text to connect male-male sexual acts with bestiality. This comparison does not occur in the previous penitentials, but, after its appearance in the Paenitentiale, this comparison traveled throughout Western Europe. No scholarship to date examines the global origins of such a comparison.

This paper argues that later medieval views of bestiality as perverse and as a serious sexual offense emerged from bestiality’s early comparison to same-sex acts (rather than vice-versa). Prior to the Paenitentiale Theodori, European theologians described bestiality as a minor sin akin to masturbation. Theodore borrowed the comparison of bestiality and male-male sex acts from a Latin mistranslation of the 314 Greek Council of Ancyra and from the Byzantine theologian St. Basil the Great. Since the early penitentials accorded male-male sexual acts some of the most serious penances, the comparison of bestiality to these acts elevated bestiality for the first time in Western Europe to the status of a serious and unnatural sin. Through connection to effeminizing male-male sexual acts, bestiality gained a reputation as a serious, boundary-violating sin in its own right.
Effect of ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol and its combination on human umbilical vein endothelial cells permeability exposed to high concentration of glucose
Authors: Purnomo Yudi , Soeatmadji Djoko W. , Widodo M. Aris
Published: July 2020

Aim — To evaluate the effect of ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, and its combination on the permeability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC’S) culture after high glucose concentration exposure. Material and Methods — The study was performed using HUVEC’S culture on transwell polyester filter. The ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, and its combination (25-200 µM) were concomitantly given with glucose 22 µM to the culture media. After seven days of treatment, endothelial permeability was observed by measuring the concentration of trypan blue-labeled albumin in a luminal compartment with a spectrophotometer (λ=592 nm). The morphology of the cells was observed under an inverted microscope. The data was analyzed using ANOVA test followed by Dunnet test (p<0.05). Results — HUVEC’S culture exposed to high concentration glucose increased endothelial permeability better than those which exposed to normal concentration (p<0.05). The treatment of ascorbic acid 200 µM, α-tocopherol 100 µM and 200 µM were capable to inhibit the increase HUVEC’S permeability exposed to high concentration glucose better than control group (p<0.05). Moreover, two combinations of ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol, respectively 50 and 100 µM, could prevent the increased permeability of HUVEC’S culture better than control (p<0.05). Conclusion — Ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, and its combination could inhibit the increase of endothelial permeability exposed to a high concentration of glucose.
Time-dependent effect of deuterium depletion on tumor growth and metastasis
Authors: Yaglova Natalia V. , Obernikhin Sergey S. , Yaglov Valentin V. , Nazimova Svetlana V.
Published: July 2020

Objective ― impact of different time regimens of deuterium depletion on progression of syngeneic grafted tumor in mice was investigated. Material and Methods ― Experiment was performed on 64 C57Bl/6 mice divided into two groups with substitution of regular water for deuterium depleted water: 30 days prior to tumor cell inoculation and sinse the 1st day of inoculation. Mice taking destilled mineralized water were considered as a control group. Half of the mice were injected melanoma B16 cells subcutaneously for assessment of survival rate and tumor growth inhibition index. The other mice were intravenously injected melanoma cells for estimation of lung hematogenous metastasis. Results ― Deuterium depletion began at the day of tumor inoculation did not change the parameters of survival rate (38.83±7.69 days vs. 41.33±6.22days in the control). Tumor growth inhibition was found only at initial stage of tumor progression. Number of melanoma lung metastasis did not differ from the control values (32.30±6.12 and 28.33±5.38. consequently). The group of mice with preliminary consumption of deuterium depleted water demonstrated significantly higher survival rate (70.10±16.20 days), tumor inhibition index, and attenuation of lung metastasis (6.0±1.20). Conclusion ― Our findings demonstrate that deuterium depletion exerts antitumor effect by both inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis, but development of the effect is time-dependent.
Overexpression of estrogen and progesterone receptors as indicator of endometrial receptivity disorder in women with early miscarriage
Authors: Aganezov Sergey S. , Ellinidi Vera N. , Ponomarenko Kristina Yu. , Morotskaya Аnastasiya V. , Aganezova Natalia V.
Published: July 2020

Background ― The endometrial factor is important in miscarriage (MC) pathogenesis. Objective. To perform a morphofunctional evaluation of endometrium in the patients with uncertain MC cause in anamnesis. Material and methods ― We examined 48 women 23-40 yo [30 (27, 35)]: the main group consisted of 33 patients with early MC in their medical history, while the control group included 15 healthy fertile women. All women had an ovulatory menstrual cycle, normal levels of gonadotropic and thyroid hormones, prolactin, and androgens. Ultrasound and hormonal examinations, along with morphological investigation of endometrial biopsies were performed. Data presented as median with lower and upper quartiles – Me (LQ, UQ). Results ― In 64% (n=21) of women in the main group, we detected inferior secretory phase of their endometrial cycle, focal fibrosis of endometrial stroma; synchronous overexpression of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors in endometrial glands and stroma. ER in the glands was 240 (160, 280) vs. 130 (80, 210) in the stroma, while PR values were 270 (210, 290) in the glands vs. 270 (240, 280) in the stroma: differences from the control group were significant (p<0.01). Remaining women in the main group (36%, n=12) and all women in the control group had full secretory transformation of the endometrium and normal expression of ER and PR. The levels of estradiol and PR in the blood of women with early MC in anamnesis, with different variants of ER and PR expression in the endometrium, did not differ significantly from the control group and corresponded to the reference values. Conclusion ― Nearly two-thirds of women with early miscarriage in anamnesis exhibited overexpression of ER and PR in the endometrium, which may be one of the indicators of its decreased receptivity status.
Mobility in association with anxiety and quality of life in middle-aged and older female fallers and non-fallers
Authors: Shiryaeva Taisiya Petrovna , Fedotov Denis Michailovich , Gribanov Anatoliy Vladimirovich , Pankov Mikhail N. , Startseva Larisa F. , Bagretsov Sergey F.
Published: July 2020

Objective ― The goal of our study was to compare mobility vs. cognitive function and quality of life in middle-aged and older women, both fallers and non-fallers. Material and Methods ― A total of 246 healthy community-dwelling women 55-74 YO participated in this study. They were distributed among two subgroups: (1) fallers (n=95) and (2) non-fallers (n=151). Fallers had falls in the past 12 months, while non-fallers did not. Walking tests were performed using Balance Master® posturography system. Trait anxiety and state anxiety were assessed by Spielberger-Hanin test; health state and quality of life (QoL) were evaluated from SF-36 health survey questionnaire; subjectively experienced age (SEA) and the rate of aging were also estimated. Results ― In Walk Across test, the average speed was lower in fallers (p=0.020), as compared with non-fallers. In Tandem Walking test, step width (p=0.016) and endpoint sway velocity (p=0.029) were higher, while speed (p=0.030) was lower in fallers vs. non-fallers. Step-Quick-Turn test time (p=0.016) was longer and sway (p=0.011) was higher in fallers in the course of turning both to the left and to the right. SEA in female non-fallers was less (p=0.033) than in female fallers of the same age. Trait anxiety was higher in female fallers (p=0.012) with a lower QoL level (p<0.001). Conclusion ― Our results validated the need for early assessment of the postural control dynamic components in order to prevent the development of falls as a geriatric syndrome.
Is it time for transition from the subject-based to the integrated preclinical medical curriculum?
Authors: Kapitonova Marina Yu. , Gupalo Sergey P. , Dydykin Sergey S. , Vasil’ev Yury L. , Mandrikov Viktor B. , Klauchek Sergey V. , Fedorova Olga V.
Published: July 2020

In the 60s of the last century, a number of new universities in the world began to apply an integrated program of medical education, the cornerstone of which was problem-oriented education. Thus, the Flexner model of higher education adopted by that time in most countries of the world, with its characteristic segregation of teaching of the theoretical and clinical disciplines, which had ceased to satisfy the needs of modern healthcare, was gradually replaced by a new system that put the student in the center of the educational process and opened the way to active methods of teaching being focused on the end result – training of graduates whose qualifications most fully satisfy the needs of society. Over the half-century history of its existence, this system has been adopted by most medical universities in different countries of the world, in many of which it has undergone significant modifications in accordance with the needs of national educational standards. Many medical universities in Russia and other countries of the former Soviet Union showed interest in this system, some of the medical faculties of our country accepted certain elements of it. However, up to date no integrated preclinical medical education program has been applied in any of the Russian universities. Hereby we are undertaking an attempt to analyze the reasons and assess the possible perspectives for the transition of medical universities in Russia to teaching of fundamental and biomedical disciplines using the integrated curriculum.
The Impact of Social Media and The Presence of Fans at A Sports Event to Attract Private Sector Sponsors
Authors: Kiani Mohammad Saeid , Nazari Leila , Shabazpor Leila
Published: July 2020

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of social media and the presence of fans at a sporting event to attract private sector sponsors. In the present study, in order to investigate the impact of social media and the presence of fans on a sports event in attracting private sector sponsors, the role of new media on how sports sponsors interact and the presence of spectators at sporting events is influenced by the extent to which sponsors participate in events. A review of research on sports media has been used since 2007, given that the category of new media is a new concept in sponsorship. This research seeks to achieve such results by reviewing the research conducted over that timeframe. Sponsorship appeared initially during the early 70s in England in sports and other industries. It subsequently developed in Western countries in the early 90s, experiencing a real boom. Thus, a new term has emerged: sponsorship (sponsorship in French) Indeed to define the word sponsorship (sponsorship and sponsorship will be used as a single term), it is therefore necessary to study precisely the work. It defines sponsorship as a financial investment or materials on an activity, person, or event and having access to a potential communication associated with this activity, person, or event. As a result, Minwan said, the greater the audience participation and the presence of sports media in a sporting event, the greater the attraction of private sponsorship in Moore
Correlation of Sport Activities with Dismore Priminore to College Students of Sport Science Faculty Universitas Negeri Padang
Authors: Eldawaty Eldawaty , Sepriadi Sepriadi
Published: July 2020

Regular exercise and physical activity have been introduced as effective methods for preventing and treating dysmenorrhea. Exercise can increase the endorphin hormone which causes an increase in the recovery system and reduces the sympathetic system, resulting in a decrease in the effects of demeanor. The purpose of this study was to prove that there was correlation between sports and dysmenorrhea among students at the Faculty of Sport Science Universitas Negeri Padang. This research was an observational study. There were 38 female students of Universitas Negeri Padang who met the inclusion criteria during September to October 2019 filled out the questionnaire. The type of exercise data, frequency, duration and incidences of dysmenorrhea were obtained through interviews with questionnaires created specifically for this study. The Data was described in tabular form, Chi-square test and correlation data was analyzed using computer programs. The results showed that 27 samples, (10.26%) out of 38 study samples, did not have dysmenorrhea. In this study, p value> 0.05 or disapproved on the frequency, duration, and type of sports variables for dysmenorrhea at Universitas Negeri Padang. From this data, it can be concluded that there were no correlation beetween dysmenorrhea and sport among  sport science students Universitas Negeri Padang.
Modeling of Forming a Nanoporous Structure of Carbon Materials for Electrodes of Electrochemical Capacitors
Authors: Ostafiychuk B.K. , Lyubun Z.M. , Lisovskiy R.P. , Moiseienko M.I. , Rachiy B.I. , Ivanichok N.Ya. , Bandura Kh.V.
Published: July 2020

The paper presents the results of predicting the physical properties of nanoporous carbon materials during synthesis with their subsequent use as an electrode material for electric double-layer capacitors. It has been established a multilayer neural network can be used to predict the sorption properties of nanoporous carbon materials. A multilayer neural network confirms the experimental dependences of the characteristics of nanoporous carbon materials porous structure on the technological conditions of its obtaining.
Laser Formation of Periodic Micro- and Nanostructures on the Surface of Monocrystalline Silicon
Authors: Mohylyak I. A. , Bonchyk O. Yu. , Korniy S. A. , Kiyak S. G. , Popovych D. I.
Published: July 2020

Experimental studies of the features of the formation of laser-induced periodic nanostructures on the surface of silicon wafers in the zones of action of second, millisecond and nanosecond laser pulses are conducted in the work. The results of microscopic investigations by optical and electron microscopes of periodic structures formed on surfaces with crystallographic orientation (111), (100) are presented. The obtained results can be used to optimize the laser pulse mode for controlled micro- nanostructuring of the semiconductor surface.
Електричні властивості тонких плівок кадмій телуриду легованих кальцієм та літієм
Authors: Prokopiv V.V. , Dzundza B.S. , Sharyn S.V. , Mazur T.M. , Turovska L.V. , Matkivskyi O.М.
Published: July 2020

Описано методику отримання тонких шарів кадмій телурид p-типу провідності шляхом хімічного легування поверхні кристалів кадмій телуриду кальцієм або літієм.Досліджено залежності електричних властивостей одержаних плівок від технологічних факторів їх отримання. Визначено провідність легованого шару, швидкість та глибину дифузії.
Concentration and Size Effects in Electrophysical Properties of Thin Films Based on Permalloy and Silver
Authors: Pazukha I. M. , Shuliarenko D. O. , Pylypenko O. V. , Оvrutskyi M. S. , Odnodvorets L. V.
Published: July 2020

Complex study of electrophysical properties (the electrical resistivity r and the temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) b) of thin-film samples based on ferromagnetic alloy Ni80Fe20 (permalloy) and noble metal Ag in a wide composition range and within the range of thickness 20-100 nm done. Thin films were obtained by the method of electron-beam co-evaporation technique at room temperature. Their composition was investigated using the method of X-ray spectrometry. The phase state was analyzed by the electron diffraction method. It was demonstrated that the crystal structure of thin films stays unchanged during the annealing process to 500 K. The size and concentration dependences of r and b values were obtained. The corresponding maximum and minimum at the concentration of Ag atoms of 50-60 at.% observed at the dependences r(cAg) and b(cAg). Size dependences r(d) and b(d) associated with the size effects in thin-film materials.
Temperature dependence of the optical absorption edge of doped gallium arsenide
Authors: Chychura Ig. Iv. , Turianytsia I. I. , Chychura Iv. Iv.
Published: July 2020

The temperature dependences of the optical absorption edges of Zn doped GaAs semiconductor crystals have been measured from 300 to 560 K. The temperature dependence of the optical absorption in the Urbach edges is adequately reproduced by a Bose-Einstein model. Analysis of experimental results gave us the opportunity to offer an explicit function of two arguments (photon energy and temperature) for the absorption coefficient of doped crystals in the Urbach edge region.
La igualdad de género en las políticas públicas en el marco de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible
Authors: Chen Quesada Evelyn , Hernández Chaves Carolina , Segura Bonilla Olman
Published: July 2020

Esta es una investigación dirigida a analizar las políticas públicas de Costa Rica generadas después del mandato de la Agenda 2030, formulada en el 2015, que incluye 4 ejemplos de políticas internacionales para verificar el cumplimiento del Objetivo ODS-5 “Igualdad de género” y sus 9 metas. Se utiliza una metodología de carácter naturalista en donde se realiza el estudio de 16 documentos de políticas públicas, comparándolos entre sí y bajo la premisa de cumplir las metas formuladas por Naciones Unidas, del ODS-5. Entre los principales hallazgos se determina que solo una de las 12 políticas analizadas cumple con el 100 % de las metas, lo que implica que un 91.67 % de estas carece de una o más de ellas. La principal conclusión respecto al objetivo del trabajo es que se están dando pasos en la vía correcta respecto a la búsqueda de la igualdad de género, aunque todavía son insuficientes. Se muestran los avances y las falencias. Por lo que se recomienda hacer mayores esfuerzos por formularlas y que incluyan las 9 metas, para que nuestra sociedad se transforme en una más inclusiva, equitativa y se elimine la discriminación por género.
El adversario y el compañero. Cuestiones animales
Authors: Pimentel Chacón Jonathan
Published: July 2020

El artículo presenta y discute dos recepciones contemporáneas de la idea de animal. En primer lugar, me ocupo de la concepción del animal como posible o efectivo adversario del ser humano. En seguida, trato con la idea según la cual los animales sintientes deben ser tratados, tanto afectiva como jurídicamente, como compañeros de los seres humanos. A partir de la consideración de las dos posiciones mencionadas planteo que, pese a sus diferencias, ambas están vinculadas por una metafísica de las capacidades personales desde la que se ofrece a los animales un nombre, una proveniencia y un fin.
Reflexiones sobre el lenguaje a partir del Plano Secuencia Integral
Authors: SÖLLE MIGUEL HILARI
Published: July 2020

El artículo plantea reflexiones ensayísticas a partir de un procedimiento formal importante en el cine boliviano. El Plano Secuencia Integral fue desarrollado principalmente en La nación clandestina (Jorge Sanjinés y Grupo Ukamau, 1989). Fue concebido por los realizadores y leído por los críticos como una traducción entre distintos sistemas conceptuales: la cosmovisión andina y el lenguaje cinematográfico. Mediante este dispositivo, la experiencia andina del tiempo debería ser traducida de la mejor manera a la forma cinematográfica. El Plano Secuencia Integral fue creado asumiendo que en los Andes la concepción del tiempo es radicalmente opuesta a la concepción del tiempo en Occidente. La oposición entre la circularidad del tiempo andina y la linealidad del tiempo occidental, junto a la localización del pasado adelante y el futuro atrás en el idioma aymara, probaría la necesidad de una traducción audiovisual. El texto busca poner en duda la existencia de concepciones del tiempo absolutas y opuestas y examina metáforas espaciales para referirse al tiempo en el aymara. De esta manera, es cuestionada una autenticidad construida sobre una cosmovisión entendida como fundamentalmente ajena.
Proyecto emancipador y agenda política en el cine de Jorge Sanjinés: colonialismo, indigenismo y subjetividades en disputa
Authors: ARNEZ CUÉLLAR MARCO
Published: July 2020

Las películas de Jorge Sanjinés y el Grupo Ukamau ocupan las páginas centrales de la historia y crítica sobre cine boliviano, como una propuesta identificada con las luchas populares, desde un lenguaje que expresaría la cosmovisión de los pueblos indígenas. La actividad del grupo ha surgido de un escenario marcado por la Revolución Nacional de 1952, la Revolución Cubana y los movimientos de liberación nacional, inspirados fuertemente por la campaña del Che en Bolivia; pero también por la Guerra Fría y las dictaduras militares y sus proyectos desarrollistas, impulsados por los Estados Unidos para contrarrestar la «amenaza» comunista. Este cine expresa los planteamientos de un sector progresista, pero que, en una sociedad de herencia colonial, representa un grupo privilegiado de un sistema donde los pueblos indígenas son representados como el sujeto problemático de la nación, el «indio». Este artículo, desde una perspectiva situada, se propone visibilizar a partir de las prácticas de producción el desenvolvimiento de relaciones asimétricas entre cineastas urbanos y sujetos subalternos representados, que podrían poner en cuestión el pretendido carácter colectivo de un «cine junto al pueblo».
The 15th anniversary of the SIEC test under the EU Merger Regulation – where do we stand? (Part 2)
Authors: Kuhn Tilman
Published: July 2020

On May 1, 2019, the significant impediment to effective competition (“SIEC”) test pursuant to Article 2(2) and (3) of the EU Merger Regulation (Regulation No. 139/2004; “EUMR”), celebrated its 15th anniversary. The Commission has taken more than 5,000 decisions in merger cases under this new standard in the last decade and a half. Therefore, it seems opportune to pause and take stock. Has the introduction of the SIEC test achieved the desired results? Has it been applied according to the legislator’s plans? Does its application need to change going forward?

After a short recap of the test’s history and genesis (I.) and a reminder of the burden and standard of proof (II.), this article reviews the Commission’s decisional practice (and the limited practice of the EU Courts) systematically, and intends to summarize the various theories of harm covered by the SIEC test’s application in practice (III.). Second, it analyzes the decisional practice and draws conclusions as to whether the test’s application in practice is predictable, persuasive, and in line with the legislator’s intent (IV.). Third and last, after some practical and procedural observations (V.), it concludes with a few proposals for improvement (VI.).

Given the scope of the ground covered, this article is split into two separate parts over two separate volumes of this journal, with Part 1 in the journal’s previous volume having covered sections I. and II., as well as part III. with respect to horizontal mergers and a brief summary in this respect.

This Part 2 of the article continues in this volume in section III. with non-horizontal mergers, and finishes with sections IV. through VI.
Die Relevanz eines Geschlechteraspekts für das Kartellrecht
Authors: Legner Sarah
Published: July 2020

Auf den ersten Blick erscheint das Geschlecht für die Anwendung des Kartellrechts nicht von Bedeutung. Jedoch unterscheiden Unternehmen zuweilen zwischen männlichen und weiblichen Verbrauchern bei der Differenzierung ihrer Produkte. Um wettbewerbliche Strukturen zutreffend zu ermitteln, kann es daher notwendig sein, weibliche und männliche Produktversionen auseinanderzuhalten. Zahlreiche Studien haben darüber hinaus offenbart, dass Anbieter für weibliche Produktversionen und für an Frauen adressierte Dienstleistungen häufig höhere Preise als für gleiche oder gleichartige Angebote an männliche Verbraucher verlangen (sog. „pink tax“). Hierbei fragt sich, ob und inwieweit dies einen Schaden für die von dem europäischen und deutschen Kartellrecht geschützte Verbraucherwohlfahrt darstellt. Neben der Relevanz eines Geschlechteraspekts für die Schutzziele des Kartellrechts will der Beitrag aufzeigen, inwiefern vice versa funktionsfähiger Wettbewerb positive Auswirkungen auf das politische Ziel der Geschlechtergleichbehandlung haben kann.
Weight as a Risk Factor for Mortality in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Ayalon Itay , Woo Jessica G. , Basu Rajit K. , Kaddourah Ahmad , Goldstein Stuart L. , Kaplan Jennifer M. ,   on behalf of the AWARE Investigators
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVES:

To explore the hypothesis that obesity is associated with increased mortality and worse outcomes in children who are critically ill.

METHODS:

Secondary analysis of the Assessment of Worldwide Acute Kidney Injury, Renal Angina, and Epidemiology study, a prospective, multinational observational study. Patients between 3 months and 25 years across Asia, Australia, Europe, and North America were recruited for 3 consecutive months. Patients were divided into 4 groups (underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese) on the basis of their BMI percentile for age and sex.

RESULTS:

A total of 3719 patients were evaluated, of whom 542 (14%) had a primary diagnosis of sepsis. One thousand fifty-nine patients (29%) were underweight, 1649 (44%) were normal weight, 423 (11%) were overweight, and 588 (16%) were obese. The 28-day mortality rate was 3.6% for the overall cohort and 9.1% for the sepsis subcohort and differed significantly by weight status (5.8%, 3.1%, 2.2%, and 1.8% for subjects with underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity, respectively, in the overall cohort [P < .001] and 15.4%, 6.6%, 3.6%, and 4.7% in the sepsis subcohort, respectively [P = .003]). In a fully adjusted model, 28-day mortality risk was 1.8-fold higher in the underweight group versus the normal weight group in the overall cohort and 2.9-fold higher in the sepsis subcohort. Patients who were overweight and obese did not demonstrate increased risk in their respective cohorts. Patients who were underweight had a longer ICU length of stay, increased need for mechanical ventilation support, and a higher frequency of fluid overload.

CONCLUSIONS:

Patients who are underweight make up a significant proportion of all patients in the PICU, have a higher short-term mortality rate, and have a more complicated ICU course.
Y la Lira volvió a sonar de Fernando M. Anaya-Gámez
Authors: Morales Ruiz Juan José
Published: July 2020

Y la Lira volvió a sonar. Breve estudio sobre las relaciones semánticas entre música y masonería de Fernando M. Anaya-Gámez. Oviedo: Masónica.es, 2019. 72 páginas. ISBN: 978-84-17732-67-7.
Movimientos asociativos en la masonería española en Filipinas
Authors: Cuartero Escobes Susana
Published: July 2020

A partir de 1880 España no fue capaz de manejar el Pacífico español debido a su caduco sistema administrativo.  La brecha entre peninsulares y nativos se fue agrandando y entre ellos se situó una emergente élite de filipinos educados en centros españoles, con una cuidada ilustración, que comenzó a tener ideas propias. La estancia de varios de ellos en la Península les brindó la oportunidad de agruparse en asociaciones e instituciones como la masonería y alrededor de destacados personajes como José Rizal o Miguel Morayta, con el único fin de dar a conocer la problemática filipina y conseguir reformas modernizadoras.
La Masonería de José Antonio Ferrer Benimeli
Authors: Morales Ruiz Juan José
Published: July 2020

La Masonería de José Antonio Ferrer Benimeli. Madrid: Alianza Editorial, 2019. 386 páginas. ISBN: 978-84-9181-746-8.
El enemigo imaginario
Authors: Romero Barea Antonio Juan
Published: July 2020

El investigador Antonio Juan Romero Barea ha defendido una tesis doctoral en Historia, cuyo título es “El enemigo imaginario. Retóricas y discursos antijudíos, antimasónicos y antimarxistas en la época de entreguerras” en la Universidad de Sevilla, el 24 de febrero de 2020.
Nutrition as one of the important factors in prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Rudchenko I. V. , Tyrenko V. V. , Kachnov V. A.
Published: July 2020

The article discusses the issues of nutrition types and related effects on cardiovascular disease, the potential benefits of a particular diet for the cardiovascular system. The problems in studying the nutrition effect on cardiovascular diseases are characterized. Special attention is paid to the plant-based diet and its effect on atherosclerosis. An analysis of PURE (Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological) study, which contains a modern view of the diet and the development of cardiovascular diseases, is carried out.
Embolic myocardial infarction. Literature review and own research results
Authors: Boldueva S. A. , Ryzhikova M. V. , Oblavatckii D. V.
Published: July 2020

Patients with embolic myocardial infarction (MI) represent a high-risk group and, accordingly, require special attention of clinicians. This article discusses the most common causes of MI, related diagnostic criteria, antithrombotic therapy, and myocardial revascularization in this category of patients. The data of own clinical experience are also given.
Visceral adiposity index in patients with coronary artery disease, obesity and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Khorlampenko A. A. , Karetnikova V. N. , Kochergina A. M. , Ignatova Yu. S. , Belik E. V. , Gruzdeva O. V. , Brel N. K. , Kokov A. N. , Barbarash O. L.
Published: July 2020

Aim. To assess visceral adiposity index (VAI) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and overweight or obesity, as well as to determine its relationship with lipid and carbohydrate metabolism parameters and inflammatory markers, depending on the presence of carbohydrate metabolism disorders (CMD).

Material and methods. The study included 95 patients with CAD and overweight (body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m2) or obesity (BMI >30 kg/m2), of which 59 patients had type 2 diabetes (T2D) and 36 were without CMD. All patients were assessed for obesity; VAI was calculated. Following laboratory parameters were evaluated: glucose, glycated hemoglobin, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, lipid panel. In patients without history of CMD, an oral glucose tolerance test was performed.

Results. Compared with patients without CMD, subjects with T2D had significantly higher values of BMI, waist circumference, as well as the body fat percentage, area and volume of visceral adipose tissue estimated by computed tomography. Analysis of lipid profile, C-reactive protein and adiponectin levels did not reveal significant differences between the groups. VAI also did not significantly differ in both groups. VAI had the most correlations with clinical and metabolic parameters in both patients with T2D and without CMD. Other methods for assessing obesity were less correlated with laboratory parameters in both groups. Only VAI significantly correlated with adiponectin in both groups.

Conclusion. The obtained correlations between VAI and clinical and metabolic parameters confirm the practicability of using it to determine adipose tissue dysfunction in patients with/without CMD. The effect of increased VAI on the cardiovascular risk in high-risk patients requires further study.
Cytokine status in patients with myocardial infarction as a possible predictor of coronary atherosclerosis severity
Authors: Khlynova O. V. , Shishkina E. A. , Abgaryan N. I.
Published: July 2020

Aim. To study the association of cytokine status with coronary atherosclerosis severity in patients with myocardial infarction (MI).

Material and methods. Between 11.2018 and 07.2019, 92 patients hospitalized with MI in Perm Clinical Cardiology Dispensary were included in the study. The control group consisted of 23 patients with stable coronary artery disease. In addition to the standard examination, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the levels of interleukins (IL)-6, -10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein.

Results. Significant increase in plasma IL-6, TNF-α and C-reactive protein levels in MI patients compared with the control group. The increase in the concentration of IL-6, TNF-α, as well as the IL-6/IL-10 ratio occurs in proportion to coronary atherosclerosis severity. A direct correlation of Gensini score with IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-6/IL-10 ratio was established.

Conclusion. Further study of cytokine profile parameters in MI patients will help a clearer understanding pathogenesis of coronary artery atherosclerosis. An increase in concentrations of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-6/IL-10 ratio is associated with an increase in coronary atherosclerosis severity and can be used in practice for its prediction.
Promising polymeric compounds for coronary stent graft membrane
Authors: Rezvova M. A. , Ovcharenko E. A. , Klyshnikov K. Yu. , Kudryavtseva Yu. A.
Published: July 2020

The literature review discusses the studies on developing the polymer membrane of a coronary stent graft. The new generation of coronary stent grafts is designed to increase the hemocompatibility and ensure its delivery to poorly accessible artery regions. Based on the clinical use results, three groups of promising polymers were identified: biostable polyurethanes, polyvinyl alcohol-based cryogels, bioresorbable compositions based on polylactide-caprolactone and lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer. However, the possibility of their clinical application requires further experimental studying.
The relationship of obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular diseases from the perspective of evidence-based medicine. Part 1
Authors: Agaltsov М. V. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: July 2020

The results of prospective studies, meta-analyzes and systematic reviews on the associations of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with various cardiovascular diseases (CVD) were analyzed. Currently, the mechanisms related to high prevalence of breathing-related sleep disorders among population of economically developed countries are clear, and an increase in the number of OSA patients has been shown. The relationship between OSA and CVD has been widely confirmed in large cohort studies. The first review part discusses the relationship of hypertension (HTN) and various heart arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation (AF), bradyarrhythmias, premature ventricular contraction, sudden death during sleep) with breathing-related sleep disorders. These groups of cardiovascular disorders currently show the most proven relationship with sleep apnea. In addition to cross-sectional studies indicating the high prevalence of OSA in patients with HTN and AF, some observational studies indicate an increase in the number of patients with HTN and paroxysmal AF with history of untreated sleep apnea. An analysis of the current issues of OSA phenotypes (in particular, REM-related OSA in hypertensive patients) as the most unfavorable cardiovascular factors is carried out.
Prediction of small-diameter arterial fibrosis in patients with hypertension and primary chronic glomerulonephritis
Authors: Levitskaya E. S. , Batyushin M. M. , Bondarenko O. K. , Kekukh E. S. , Bondarenko D. B. , Israelyan E. R.
Published: July 2020

Aim. To study clinical, laboratory, and morphological risk factors for small-diameter renal arterial fibrosis in patients with hypertension (HTN) and primary chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN).

Material and methods. The study included 102 patients with primary CGN. The first group consisted of 62 patients with small-diameter renal arterial fibrosis according to renal biopsy; the second group included 40 patients without vascular fibrosis. All patients signed informed consent.

Results. A comparative analysis revealed the most significant differences between groups 1 and 2: mean systolic blood pressure (SBP)  — 131,85±17,56 mm Hg and 119,65±22,2 mm Hg, respectively (p=0,0008); mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) — 84,11±10,7 and 79,63±9,7 mm Hg (p=0,03), respectively; peak SBP — 158,61±23,76 mm Hg and 144,25±23,56 mm Hg (p=0,002), respectively; peak DBP  — 95,66±10,33 mm Hg and 90,63±10,74 mm Hg (p=0,02), respectively; HTN stage — 1,85 [1; 3] and 1,38 [1; 3] (p=0,03), respectively; HTN grade  — 1,73 [1; 3] and 1,13 [1; 3] (p=0,004), respectively; left ventricular hypertrophy  — 15 patients and 2 patients (p=0,006), respectively; blood urea nitrogen  — 8,98±7,31 and 6,42±4,02 mmol/L (p=0,03), respectively. Significant morphological differences between first and second groups were as follows: tubulointerstitial fibrosis — 56% and 21% (p<0,001), respectively; tubulointerstitial inflamemation — 44% and 16% (p=0,002), respectively; interstitial fibrosis — 24,9±20,5% and 9,89±19,8% (p=0,001), respectively.

Conclusion. The presented analysis emphasizes a significant contribution of hemodynamics in small-diameter renal arterial fibrosis in patients with HTN and CGN. It manifested by a persistent increase of SBP and involvement of target organs. Systemic hemodynamic changes are fundamental in the development of small-diameter renal arterial fibrosis in patients with HTN and primary CGN, while the isolated progression of CGN does not significantly affect the structure of small-diameter renal arteries.
Prevalence of hypotension in populations of the Russian Federation and the United States of America according to 30-year follow-up
Authors: Vilkov V. G. , Shalnova S. A. , Balanova Yu. A. , Evstifeeva S. E. , Imaeva A. E. , Kapustina A. V. , Muromtseva G. A.
Published: July 2020

Aim. To study the prevalence of hypotension according to several criteria in the Russia and the USA.

Material and methods. We used data of Russian population studies performed in 1975-1982 and ESSE-RF study performed in 2012-2014 at the National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine. A comparison was made with the data of cross-sectional stu - dies of the US population — National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES): NHANES II (1976-1980) and Continuous NHANES (2007-2012). We analyzed age, sex, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The prevalence of individuals with hypotension was calculated in men and women of five age groups using four different criteria for hypertension.

Results. The prevalence of hypotension in studies of different years according to different criteria was as follows: in the Russia — 0,3-9,0% in men and 2-15% in women; in the USA — 5-30% in men and 8-45% in women. In age group >30 years, the prevalence of hypotension in Russia, by most criteria, decreased approximately by 50% in men and did not change in women. In the United States, according to all criteria, the prevalence in men and women has increased 2-3 times.

Conclusion. The prevalence of hypotension in the adult population ranges from decimal percentages to 45% and varies many times depending on the selected criterion.
Cardiovascular risk stratification in stable coronary artery disease based on prognostic scores and models
Authors: Tolpygina S. N. , Martsevich S Yu.
Published: July 2020

According to modern clinical guidelines, the strategy of examination and treatment of a patient with stable coronary artery disease depends on the prognosis. Despite the great number of prognostic models and scores, there is currently no unified approach for cardiovascular risk stratification. The article provides a literature review of the main current prognostic models and scores, taking into account their effectiveness and limitations.