bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Time perception and illness acceptance among remitting-relapsing multiple sclerosis patients under treatment
Authors: Król Joanna , Szcześniak Małgorzata , Koziarska Dorota , Rzepa Teresa
Published: October 2015

Cel

Określenie profilu temporalnego u osób z RR-SM w porównaniu do osób zdrowych; zbadanie subiektywnej oceny akceptacji w aspekcie sprawności fizycznej i psychicznej oraz samodzielności. Próba wyróżnienia wskaźników akceptacji choroby u osób z RR-SM, z uwzględnieniem perspektywy temporalnej.

Metoda

Skala Akceptacji Choroby (AIS, polska adaptacja: Z. Juczyński), Kwestionariusz Postrzegania Czasu Zimbardo (ZTPI, polska adaptacja: M. Mażewski), autorski wywiad oceniający dane socjodemograficzne oraz subiektywna ocena funkcjonowania fizycznego, psychicznego i samodzielności (w odniesieniu do pomiaru za pomocą skali EDSS).

Wyniki

Osoby z RR-SM koncentrują się bardziej niż osoby zdrowe na fatalistycznej i hedonistycznej teraźniejszości oraz przejawiają tendencję do rozważania negatywnej przeszłości. Akceptacja choroby koreluje pozytywnie z subiektywnym poczuciem sprawności fizycznej, psychicznej i samodzielności, natomiast negatywnie z oceną obiektywną (skala EDSS) i z czasem trwania choroby.

Wnioski

Istotnymi predyktorami temporalnymi adaptacji do choroby jest unikanie myślenia o negatywnej przeszłości i koncentracja na hedonistycznej teraźniejszości. To ustalenie jest istotne dla holistycznego podejścia do leczenia osób z RR-SM. We wczesnym okresie choroby wskazane byłoby wsparcie psychologiczne ukierunkowane na zmianę perspektywy czasowej.
Letter to Editor. Use of specific SSRIs and birth defects
Authors: Bałkowiec-Iskra Ewa
Published: October 2015

W dniu 08.07.2015 w czasopiśmie British Medical Journal opublikowany został artykuł „Specific SSRI and birth defects : bayesian analysis to interpret new data in the context of previous reports”, autorstwa J. Reefhuis, (National Center on Birth Defects and Developmetal Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA); O. Devine (National Center on Birth Defects and Developmetal Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA); JM Friedman (Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada); C. Louik (Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA, USA) oraz MA. Honein (National Center on Birth Defects and Developmetal Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA), zawierający nowe, istotne dane dotyczące farmakoterapii depresji w okresie ciąży. Celem artykułu była ocena bezpieczeństwa stosowania w pierwszym trymestrze ciąży pięciu leków przeciwdepresyjnych z grupy wybiórczych inhibitorów wychwytu zwrotnego serotoniny (SSRI- selective serotonine reuptake inhibitors), tj. fluoksetyny, sertraliny, paroksetyny, citalopramu oraz escitalopramu.
Specialty Pharmacy Services: Preparing for a New Era in Health-System Pharmacy
Authors: Shay Blake , Louden Les , Kirschenbaum Bonnie
Published: October 2015

To deal with the changing health care landscape and the expanding growth of specialty pharmaceuticals, it is imperative that health systems evaluate their current structure of providing hospitalbased specialty pharmacy services. Specialty pharmacy services have rapidly expanded over the last decade, and this has affected a wide variety of disease states and in many cases has dramatically enhanced clinical outcomes. However, these medications come at a substantial cost, and a clear plan must be established at each institution to sustain financial viability. By focusing on developing a plan for specialty pharmaceuticals, the pharmacy director can help ensure the institution has prepared a strategy that is conservative, financially viable, and patient-centered.
Hyperleptinemia as a Prognostic Factor for Preeclampsia: a Cohort Study
Authors: Mendieta Zerón Hugo , García Solorio Verónica Jackeline , Nava Díaz Pamela Montserrat , Garduño Alanís Adriana , Santillán Benítez Jonnathan Guadalupe , Domínguez García Victoria , Escobar Briones Carolina , Denova Gutiérrez Edgar
Published: October 2015

Introduction: Leptin is an adipokine which has a direct relationship to obesity. Our aim was to measure this hormone in pregnant women at three months intervals throughout their pregnancies to determine the serum value of those who developed preeclampsia. Material and Methods: We followed 19 women (median age 24.8 ± 5.7 years) with pre-gestational Body Mass Index (BMI) less than 25 kg/m2, 21 (median age 26.1 ± 4.6 years) with BMI higher than 25 kg/m2 and 16 (median age 30.9 ± 5.8 years) with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) (median age 30.9 ± 5.8 years), recruited in the 1st trimester of pregnancy. Serum levels of leptin were measured with radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique. Results: In the first trimester of pregnancy leptin levels showed statistically significant differences between normal weight and overweight-obese women (p < 0.001), diabetic women (p < 0.05) and the subgroup of preeclamptic women (p < 0.001). For those women with PGBMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 and leptin ≥ 40 ng/ml in the second trimester, the Odds Ratio (OR) to develop preeclampsia was of 47.95% CI (4.1–527.2). Analyzing leptin values with ROC curves, the greatest area under the curve (AUC) was for leptin in the second trimester (0.773, CI: 0.634–0.911). Conclusion: Women with morbid obesity (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2) had significantly higher levels of serum leptin (p < 0.01) and a value of 40 ng/ml of this hormone seems to be predictive of developing preeclampsia in this group of patients.
CASE 2–2012: a 57-Year-Old Woman with Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Primary Myelofibrosis
Authors: Košťál Milan , Žák Pavel , Vejražková Eva , Cermanová Melánie , Bělohlávková Petra , Zavřelová Alžběta , Vrbacký Filip , Rozkoš Tomáš , Nová Markéta
Published: October 2015

Article without abstract
A Huge Cemento-Ossifying Fibroma of Paranasal Sinus: A Case Report
Authors: Erdim Ibrahim , Yazici Zahide Mine , Yilmazer Rasim , Sever Nurten , Kayhan Fatma Tulin
Published: October 2015

Cemento-ossifying fibroma is a well-bordered, slow-growing, benign fibro-osseous disease. Although its localization is generally in the mandible, it can be seen in any area of the craniofacial region. Radiology and histopathology help to diagnose the condition. Treatment is based on close observation and/or surgical excision. In this case, we report the case of a 62-year-old male patient who had a large radiological appearance, cemento-ossifying fibroma in the paranasal sinuses.
Acute Appendicitis as a Complication of Varicella
Authors: Pogorelić Zenon , Biočić Mihovil , Jurić Ivo , Milunović Klaudio Pjer , Mrklić Ivana
Published: October 2015

Introduction: Obstruction of the appendiceal lumen is the primary cause of appendicitis. The most common causes of luminal obstruction are fecaliths and lymphoid follicle hyperplasia. Additionally, bacterial infections or enteric and systemic viral diseases can cause a reaction of the lymphoid follicle. Case presentation: An 11-year-old boy with active phase of chickenpox presented on our Pediatric surgery emergency department under the impression of acute appendicitis. An appendectomy was performed on the same day. An inﬂamed and edematous retrocecal appendix was removed during surgery. Histological investigation of the appendix revealed transmural acute inflammation, with diffuse proliferation of inflammatory cells, with characteristic intranuclear inclusion surrounded by a clear halo. The PCR analysis of peripheral blood and appendix tissue specimen revealed positive VZV DNA. Conclusion: We have shown that varicella-zoster virus infection of the appendix is associated with acute appendicitis and possibly also with severity of the disease.
Existence and multiplicity results for fractional p-Kirchhoff equation with sign changing nonlinearities
Authors: Mishra Pawan K. , Sreenadh Konijeti
Published: October 2015

In this paper, we show the existence and multiplicity of nontrivial non-negative solutions of the fractional
Trefoil factor family peptides – friends or foes?
Authors: Busch Maike , Dünker Nicole
Published: October 2015

Trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides are a group of molecules bearing a characteristic three-loop trefoil domain. They are mainly secreted in mucous epithelia together with mucins but are also synthesized in the nervous system. For many years, TFF peptides were only known for their wound healing and protective function, e.g. in epithelial protection and restitution. However, experimental evidence has emerged supporting a pivotal role of TFF peptides in oncogenic transformation, tumorigenesis and metastasis. Deregulated expression of TFF peptides at the gene and protein level is obviously implicated in numerous cancers, and opposing functions as oncogenes and tumor suppressors have been described. With regard to the regulation of TFF expression, epigenetic mechanisms as well as the involvement of various miRNAs are new, promising aspects in the field of cancer research. This review will summarize current knowledge about the expression and regulation of TFF peptides and the involvement of TFF peptides in tumor biology and cancerogenesis.
Evaluating the use of procalcitonin in an asymptomatic, HIV-infected antiretroviral therapy-naïve, South African cohort
Authors: Phatlhane Dineo V. , Ipp Hayley , Erasmus Rajiv T. , Zemlin Annalise E.
Published: October 2015

The chronic stage of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, although clinically asymptomatic, is characterized by activation of the immune system and persistent inflammation. Procalcitonin (PCT) has been studied in HIV infection as a marker of bacterial infection. Our aim was to assess the effect of persistent immune activation on PCT levels in asymptomatic treatment naïve HIV infected subjects.

This was a cross-sectional study of 68 asymptomatic antiretroviral therapy-naive HIV infected participants and 42 uninfected controls. Stored serum samples were used to measure: PCT, interleukin-6 (IL-6), lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), immunoglobulin G (IgG) and albumin. PCT was correlated with markers of: disease progression (CD4 count and viral load), immune activation (CD 38 on CD8+ T cells, IgG and LBP), inflammation (IL-6, hsCRP and albumin).

IL-6, IgG and CD8/38 were all significantly increased while albumin and CD4 counts were significantly lower in the HIV infected group. PCT levels were not significantly different between the two groups. There was no significant difference in LBP and hsCRP; however, their levels were increased in both groups. PCT correlated only with LBP (p=0.0001). IL-6 and LBP correlated positively with hsCRP and IgG. Albumin correlated inversely with IL-6 and viral load. Only IgG and CD8/38 correlated inversely with CD4 counts.

We demonstrated the activation of the innate (raised LBP), humoral (raised IgG) and cellular immune systems (increased CD8/38 T cells). Despite a state of persistent inflammation, PCT levels are not elevated in asymptomatic untreated HIV infection.
Preanalytical, analytical, gestational and pediatric aspects of the S100B immuno-assays
Authors: Bouvier Damien , Duret Thomas , Rouzaire Paul , Jabaudon Matthieu , Rouzaire Marion , Nourrisson Céline , Bourgne Céline , Pereira Bruno , Evrard Bertrand , Sapin Vincent
Published: October 2015

Background:

Traumatic brain injury management is a tricky issue in children and pregnant women (due to adverse effects of computer tomography). To facilitate management, we report the main analytical performances and reference ranges for blood tests for the well-established S100B biomarker in under-16 children on a DiaSorin

Methods:

Serum S100B concentrations were determined by chemiluminescent immunoassay on a DiaSorin

Results:

For children, four age-groups emerged, i.e. 0–3 months (mean: 0.97 μg/L; standard deviation (SD): 0.36; 95th percentile: 1.55), 4–9 months (mean: 0.58 μg/L; SD: 0.30; 95th: 1.18), 10–24 months (mean: 0.31 μg/L; SD: 0.12; 95th: 0.54) and 2–16 years (mean: 0.20 μg/L; SD: 0.07; 95th: 0.32). For pregnant women, serum S100B concentrations were similar to defined ranges for adults and not significantly different between trimesters on DiaSorin

Conclusions:

Data provided here is useful for interpreting serum S100B test results, in terms of preanalytical conditions, analytical performances, pediatric and pregnancy’ environment.
The Italian External Quality Assessment (EQA) program on urinary sediment: results of the period 2012–2015
Authors: Secchiero Sandra , Fogazzi Giovanni B. , Manoni Fabio , Epifani MariaGrazia , Garigali Giuseppe , Plebani Mario
Published: October 2015

Manual microscopy still represents the gold standard for urinary sediment (US) examination. We report the results obtained in the period 2012–2015 by the EQA Italian program on US, which today involves about 260 laboratories.

The program includes four surveys per year. In two surveys, participants are asked to supply identification and clinical association of US particles. In two other surveys, they are asked to supply the diagnosis of clinical cases, presented with images, some key laboratory findings and a short clinical history. Sixty-six images of US particles (21 cells, 2 lipids, 21 casts, 10 crystals, 3 microorganisms, 15 contaminants) and seven clinical cases were presented.

The correct identification rate for each category of particles, in decreasing order, was: micro-organisms (mean±SD: 92.4%±4.5%), lipids (92.0%±1.8%), casts (82.8%±8.8%), crystals (79.4%±29.8%), cells (77.3%±13.5%), and contaminants (70.9%±22.2%). For 13 particles, a correct clinical association was indicated by 91.5%±11.7% of participants, while it was 52.7% for particles associated with urinary tract infection. For clinical cases, due to a high rate of particles misidentification, only 44.3%±10.1% of participants achieved access to clinical diagnosis, which was then correctly indicated by 92.5%±5.3% of them.

The results of the EQA program confirm that, while some US particles are well known in terms of identification, clinical association and clinical meaning, others particles still are not, and this represents an important reason to encourage EQA programs on US.
Galectin-3, osteopontin and successful aging
Authors: Sanchis-Gomar Fabian , Santos-Lozano Alejandro , Pareja-Galeano Helios , Garatachea Nuria , Alis Rafael , Fiuza-Luces Carmen , Morán María , Emanuele Enzo , Lucia Alejandro
Published: October 2015

Background:

Individuals who reach exceptional longevity (100+ years of age) free of common chronic age diseases (i.e. ‘dodgers’) arguably represent the paradigm of successful aging in humans. As such, identification of potential biomarkers associated with this phenomenon is of medical interest.

Methods:

We measured serum levels of galectin-3 and osteopontin, both of which have been shown to be linked with major chronic or aging-related disorders in younger populations, in centenarian ‘dodgers’ (n=81; 40 men; 100–104 years) and healthy controls (n=41; 24 men, 70–80 years).

Results:

Both biomarkers showed significantly lower values (p<0.001) in the former (galectin-3: 2.4±1.7 vs. 4.8±2.8 ng/mL; osteopontin: 38.1±27.7 vs. 72.6±33.1 μg/mL). Logistic regression analysis identified the combination of these two biomarkers as a significant predictor variable associated with successful aging regardless of sex (p<0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) classified the ability of galectin-3 and osteopontin to predict the likelihood of successful aging as ‘fair’ (AUC=0.75) and ‘good’ (AUC=0.80), respectively. Particularly, the combination of the two biomarkers showed good discriminatory power for successful aging (AUC=0.86), with sensitivity=83% and specificity=74%.

Conclusions:

Lower levels of both galectin-3 and osteopontin are associated with successful aging, representing potential biomarkers of this condition. Our cross-sectional data must be however approached with caution. Further research is necessary to replicate the present preliminary results in other cohorts and to identify the potential use of galectin-3 and osteopontin as potential targets (or at least predictors) in future personalized anti-aging therapies.
Understanding diagnostic error: looking beyond diagnostic accuracy
Authors: Heyhoe Jane , Lawton Rebecca , Armitage Gerry , Conner Mark , Ashurst Neil H.
Published: October 2015

Whether a diagnosis is correct or incorrect is often used to determine diagnostic performance despite there being no valid measure of diagnostic accuracy. In this paper we draw on our experience of conducting research on diagnostic error and discuss some of the challenges that a focus on accuracy brings to this field of research. In particular, we discuss whether diagnostic accuracy can be captured and what diagnostic accuracy does and does not tell us about diagnostic judgement. We draw on these points to argue that a focus on diagnostic accuracy may limit progress in this field and suggest that research which tries to understand more about the factors that influence decision making during the diagnostic process may be more useful in helping to improve diagnostic performance.
Effect of gel properties on transdermal iontophoretic delivery of diclofenac sodium
Authors: Arunkumar S. , Shivakumar H.N. , Desai B.G. , Ashok Purnima
Published: October 2015

The aim of the study was to develop hydrogels and investigate the suitability for transdermal delivery of diclofenac sodium (DS) using constant voltage iontophoresis (CVI). Four batches of hydrogels of DS were developed using hydroxylethyl cellulose (HEC) as matrix material and terpenes as penetration enhancers. The hydrogels displayed a viscosity of ~1500 cps at a shear rate of 250 s-1 that was unlikely to change on minute shift in pH or temperature so that the iontophoretic transport would be unaffected. Moreover, the hydrogels were found to possess adequate conductivity at pH 7.4 to enable iontophoretic delivery of DS. In vitro studies indicated that passive transport of DS across porcine skin from hydrogels was comparable (p>0.05) to aqueous solution. The lead hydrogel (F1), containing geraniol was found to enhance the iontophoretic flux of DS by 5.16 fold at 1.5 V compared to passive control. In vivo studies in rats indicated that CVI on application of F1 significantly suppressed (p<0.001) carrageenan induced edema compared to passive treatment throughout the study.
Distinction of four Dalbergia species by FTIR, 2nd derivative IR, and 2D-IR spectroscopy of their ethanol-benzene extractives
Authors: Wang Shen-Nan , Zhang Fang-Da , Huang An-Min , Zhou Qun
Published: October 2015

Four common species of Dalbergia genus (D. bariensis, D. oliveri, D. cochinchinensis, and D. retusa), which are traded as “Rosewood” or “Hongmu” commonly throughout East and Southeast Asia, were extracted with ethanol-benzene and the extractives were analyzed by means of three IR spectroscopic methods aiming at their chemotaxonomic differentiation. Conventional FTIR and 2nd derivative IR (SD-IR) showed defined spectral ranges, where the differences are pronounced. Two-dimensional correlation infrared (2D-IR) spectroscopy revealed significant auto-peaks suitable for reliable differentiation of the four Dalbergia species. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) evaluation of the extractives was also useful. It can be concluded that the analysis of the extractives is the best chemotaxonomic approach for identification of anatomically similar wood species.
Analysis of the Performance of a PAM/PPM/OOK System Operating with OCDMA, under Nonlinear Optical Effects in Optical Fiber Propagation
Authors: Correia D. G. , Sales J. C. , Pinto P. V. F. , Moura L. P. , Ferreira A. C. , Menezes J. W. M. , Guimarães G. F. , Sombra A. S. B.
Published: October 2015

In this article, we present a numerical simulation study of encoding, decoding and propagation performance of short optical pulses and words with modulations OOK, PAM and PPM in OCDMA systems (Optical Code Division Multiple Access). The encoding and decoding of short pulses are obtained through fiber Bragg grating(FBG – FBG optical) devices, where the codes are inserted through discrete jumps in the optical phase (±
The New Old Efficiency Theories of Causation and Liability
Authors: Wright Richard W.
Published: October 2015

For the last 40 years, efficiency theorists have attempted to demonstrate that tort liability in general and negligence liability in particular can best/only be explained by the hypothesis that judges are trying to maximize aggregate social welfare. Thirty years ago I published a pair of articles criticizing these attempts, noting especially the efficiency theorists’ inability to explain and justify the factual causation requirement in tort law. Nevertheless, the efficiency theorists have continued to make the same arguments. In this paper, I canvass the old arguments and their current restatements, including the attempts by some of the leading theorists to equate ex post analysis of actual causation with ex ante analysis of negligent conduct and attempts by others to explain the actual negligence liability rules. None of the rules proposed by the efficiency theorists is consistent with the practice of the courts, and none of them would promote efficient deterrence. Worse yet, the least descriptively plausible negligence liability rule proposed by the efficiency theorists is the one likely to be the least inefficient in actual practice, while the one assumed by most efficiency theorists will be the most inefficient. The fundamental problem with the efficiency theories is that they assume that the focus of law should be and is on the maximization of aggregate social welfare, rather than justice – the promotion of everyone’s equal external freedom in their interactions with others.
State Power, State Capacity, and Development
Authors: Sekeris Petros G.
Published: October 2015

State capacity is known to constitute a driver of economic development. This note establishes the emergence of state power as a precondition for the development of state capacity. After clearly establishing the differences between these concepts, I explore the geographical factors favouring the emergence of state power and provide some evidence from a study of Madagascar.
ABO Blood Groups
Authors: Offner Susan
Published: October 2015

The molecular basis of ABO blood groups is now known and presents an interesting and important teaching opportunity.
Modeling with Nonliving Objects to Enhance Understanding of Phylogenetic Tree Construction
Authors: Lampert Evan , Mook Jennifer
Published: October 2015

Understanding how to read and interpret phylogenetic trees is an essential skill for biology students. We tested an alternative approach in which students draw trees showing the evolution of familiar nonliving objects, such as cell phones and vehicles, rather than unfamiliar species. We surveyed students in a two-semester biology sequence for majors to determine whether this approach increased engagement, and we found that they preferred the alternative approach. Another group of students performing the activity with nonliving objects showed that performance on a content assessment was not changed before and after the activity. A final group showed that students who had drawn trees of nonliving objects beforehand were able to draw phylogenetic trees of living species more accurately than classmates who did not draw them previously. Although drawing trees of nonliving objects rather than living species did not affect students’ content-learning outcomes, it did improve their ability to draw phylogenetic trees accurately, and they preferred it. These pieces of evidence suggest that drawing trees showing the evolution of nonliving objects is an engaging and beneficial addition to evolution lesson plans.
Exploring the Methods of Science Using Nightcrawler Decomposition
Authors: Bennett Sarah L.
Published: October 2015

This exercise utilizes nightcrawler decomposition to guide students through the methods of science, including forming hypotheses, conducting an experiment, statistically analyzing data, and writing a lab report in the style of a scientific journal article. Additionally, students gain experience with dissection, anatomical terminology, and the biological process of animal decomposition. Students interested in forensic science will enjoy exploring the topic of decomposition. The materials for this experiment are inexpensive and easy to obtain, and several extension activities make this a versatile activity that can be used at many different educational levels.
Appendiceal neuroendocrine neoplasms: diagnosis and management
Authors: Alexandraki Krystallenia I , Kaltsas Gregory A , Grozinsky-Glasberg Simona , Chatzellis Eleftherios , Grossman Ashley B
Published: October 2015

Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms (GI-NENs) are increasingly being recognised, while appendiceal NENs (aNENs) currently constitute the third most common GI-NEN. Appendiceal NENs are generally considered to follow an indolent course with the majority being localised at diagnosis. Thus, the initial surgical approach is not that of a planned oncological resection. Due to the localised nature of the disease in the majority of cases, subsequent biochemical and radiological assessment are not routinely recommended. Histopathological criteria (size, mesoappendiceal invasion, Ki-67 proliferation index, neuro- and angio-invasion) are mainly used to identify those patients who are also candidates for a right hemicolectomy. Goblet cell carcinoids are a distinct entity and should be treated as adenocarcinomas. Despite the absence of any substantial prospective data regarding optimal management and follow-up, recent consensus statements and guidelines have been published. The purpose of this review is to overview the published studies on the diagnosis and management of appendiceal NENs and to suggest a possible management protocol.
GLP1- and GIP-producing cells rarely overlap and differ by bombesin receptor-2 expression and responsiveness
Authors: Svendsen Berit , Pais Ramona , Engelstoft Maja S , Milev Nikolay B , Richards Paul , Christiansen Charlotte B , Egerod Kristoffer L , Jensen Signe M , Habib Abdella M , Gribble Fiona M , Schwartz Thue W , Reimann Frank , Holst Jens J
Published: October 2015

The incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are secreted from intestinal endocrine cells, the so-called L- and K-cells. The cells are derived from a common precursor and are highly related, and co-expression of the two hormones in so-called L/K-cells has been reported. To investigate the relationship between the GLP1- and GIP-producing cells more closely, we generated a transgenic mouse model expressing a fluorescent marker in GIP-positive cells. In combination with a mouse strain with fluorescent GLP1 cells, we were able to estimate the overlap between the two cell types. Furthermore, we used primary cultured intestinal cells and isolated perfused mouse intestine to measure the secretion of GIP and GLP1 in response to different stimuli. Overlapping GLP1 and GIP cells were rare (∼5%). KCl, glucose and forskolin+IBMX increased the secretion of both GLP1 and GIP, whereas bombesin/neuromedin C only stimulated GLP1 secretion. Expression analysis showed high expression of the bombesin 2 receptor in GLP1 positive cells, but no expression in GIP-positive cells. These data indicate both expressional and functional differences between the GLP1-producing ‘L-cell’ and the GIP-producing ‘K-cell’.
Regulation of CTP Synthase Filament Formation During DNA Endoreplication in Drosophila
Authors: Wang Pei-Yu , Lin Wei-Cheng , Tsai Yi-Cheng , Cheng Mei-Ling , Lin Yu-Hung , Tseng Shu-Heng , Chakraborty Archan , Pai Li-Mei
Published: October 2015

CTP synthase (CTPsyn) plays an essential role in DNA, RNA, and lipid synthesis. Recent studies in bacteria, yeast, and Drosophila all reveal a polymeric CTPsyn structure, which dynamically regulates its enzymatic activity. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the formation of CTPsyn polymers is not completely understood. In this study, we found that reversible ubiquitination regulates the dynamic assembly of the filamentous structures of Drosophila CTPsyn. We further determined that the proto-oncogene Cbl, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, controls CTPsyn filament formation in endocycles. While the E3 ligase activity of Cbl is required for CTPsyn filament formation, Cbl does not affect the protein levels of CTPsyn. It remains unclear whether the regulation of CTPsyn filaments by Cbl is through direct ubiquitination of CTPsyn. In the absence of Cbl or with knockdown of CTPsyn, the progression of the endocycle-associated S phase was impaired. Furthermore, overexpression of wild-type, but not enzymatically inactive CTPsyn, rescued the endocycle defect in Cbl mutant cells. Together, these results suggest that Cbl influences the nucleotide pool balance and controls CTPsyn filament formation in endocycles. This study links Cbl-mediated ubiquitination to the polymerization of a metabolic enzyme and reveals a role for Cbl in endocycles during Drosophila development.
Dieta de la lagartija de los gramadales Microlophus thoracicus icae en el valle del río Ica, Perú
Authors: Pérez Z. José , Fuentes Emilio , Jordán Juan
Published: October 2015

Se evaluó la dieta de la lagartija de los gramadales Microlophus thoracicus icae en tres localidades del Valle del río Ica, Perú. La dieta de este saurio se caracterizó por un importante consumo de material vegetal, principalmente foliolos del árbol Prosopis spp., e invertebrados, especialmente insectos como hormigas y larvas de insectos. No se registraron relaciones significativas entre el tamaño corporal de los individuos y el número total de presas consumidos, ni el volumen total consumido. Los juveniles, hembras y machos de M. t. icae no presentaron diferencias significativas en el número de hormigas o larvas de insectos consumidos. Tampoco se registraron diferencias significativas en la proporción de material vegetal consumido por juveniles, hembras y machos. Sin embargo, el volumen de material vegetal consumido fue mayor para machos y hembras, comparado con juveniles. No se observan diferencias evidentes entre las dietas de juveniles, hembras y machos en el análisis multivariado. La amplitud del nicho trófico para M. t. icae fue de Bij = 6.97. El consumo de material vegetal e invertebrados es importante para juveniles y adultos de M. t. icae, por lo tanto, no se observa una marcada variación etaria en la dieta de los individuos evaluados. Esta especie de saurio presentaría una gran plasticidad en su dieta (omnívora) influenciada principalmente por la variación local de la oferta de los recursos alimenticios. Las posibles consecuencias del consumo de una dieta tan variada podrían incluir características particulares en sus endoparásitos, estrategias y eficiencia de forrajeo, termorregulación, morfología, entre otros.
Pengadilan Khusus KDRT “Implementasi Gagasan Sistem Peradilan Pidana Terpadu Penanganan Kasus-Kasus Kekerasan Terhadap Perempuan (SPPT-PKKTP)”
Authors: Helmi Muhammad Ishar
Published: October 2015

Abstract: Court For Domestic violence. Court For Domestic violence is a new idea of the Integrated Criminal Justice System Handling Cases of Violence Against Women (SPPT- PKKTP) to provide justice to the victims of domestic violence, especially women. Given the complexity of issues related to domestic violence led to the need for this institution was formed. Act No. 23 of 2004 on the Elimination of Violence Against Domestic generally can back up women in getting their legal rights, but the implementation of the Act turns instead of criminalizing women victims of violence, especially because law enforcement officials do not consider the relationship between husband, wife and children, in applying this Act. As a result, women victims of violence do not get their rights. Abstrak: Pengadilan Khusus KDRT. Pengadilan Khusus Kekerasaan Dalam Rumah Tangga merupakan sebuah gagasan baru dari Sistem Peradilan Pidana Terpadu Penanganan Kasus-Kasus Kekerasan Terhadap Perempuan (SPPTPKKTP) dalam memberikan keadilan kepada para korban kekerasan dalam rumah tangga khususnya perempuan. Adanya kompleksitas permasalahan terkait kekerasan dalam rumah tangga menyebabkan perlunya lembaga ini dibentuk. Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2004 tentang Penghapusan Kekerasan Terhadap Rumah Tangga yang secara umum dapat memback up kaum perempuan dalam mendapatkan hak-hak hukumnya, namun dalam implementasinya ternyata undang-undang tersebut justru mengkriminalisasi perempuan korban kekerasan, terutama karena aparat penegak hukum tidak mempertimbangkan hubungan antara suami, istri dan anak, dalam menerapkan undang-undang ini. Akibatnya, perempuan korban kekerasan tidak mendapatkan hak-haknya.  DOI: 10.15408/jch.v1i2.1471
A new species of Selenipedium (Orchidaceae: Cypripedioideae) from Ecuador
Authors: Cribb Phillip , Schiuteman André
Published: October 2015

A new species of Selenipedium (Orchidaceae: Cypripedioideae) from northern Ecuador is described here and its affinities are discussed. A key to the known species of the genus is provided.
Quality of the bottom sediments in the area affected by mining activities
Authors: Holub Marian , Balintova Magdalena , Singovszka Eva
Published: October 2015

The remains of human activities may be seen in several places of the landscape in positive or negative form. Probably the most common phenomenon that fundamentally impacts the country is mining activity. The environmental problems caused by mining have attracted a great deal of research attention and led to development of numerous sediment heavy metal contamination assessment methods, including the index method, the dynamic method, the synthesis methods in chemistry, ecology and toxicology, etc.

This research was undertaken in order to determine and analyze selected heavy metals present in sediment samples collected from different sampling localities inside and around water reservoir Ruzin, Slovakia. Reservoir and its inflows are located in the vicinity of region with historical Cu, Fe, Ag, Au-deposit, which was exploited from the 14th century to 1990 and currently causing environmental burden. For the determination of sediments quality different methods (XRD and XRF analysis) have been used.

Based on the obtained data of analysis, potential ecological risk indices were used to study the pollution status of heavy metals in sediments and assess their potential ecological risk to environment.

The calculated potential ecological risk indicates the level of water environment pollution by heavy metals in the sampling localities in the studied area.
Effects of physical treatment of hemp fibers on fiber structure and biocomposite properties
Authors: Schwarzova Ivana , Stevulova Nadezda , Singovszka Eva , Terpakova Eva , Junak Jozef
Published: October 2015

This article concerning natural cellulose fibers as reinforcement in composite materials in civil engineering. In this paper, the attention is given to industrial hemp specifically to the woody part of hemp plant called hemp hurds. The properties of natural fibers are mainly determined by the chemical and physical composition, such as structure of fibers.

The objective of presented research is to characterize raw and physically treated hemp fibers using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy method. These natural fibers were used as filler into biocomposites and MgO-cement was used as alternative binder. Physico — mechanical properties (compressive strength, thermal conductivity, absorbability) of prepared composites were determined.
Closed loop control of finite element model in magnetic system
Authors: Marcsa Daniel , Kuczmann Miklós
Published: October 2015

This paper presents an axisymmetric formulation of the circuit-coupled finite element method embedded in closed loop control system. The controller checks the current of the coil of the magnetic system after each time step and controls the applied voltage to reach the steady state faster. The results of the voltage driven finite element model are compared with the results from the analytical model. The control parameters for the proportional-integral-derivative controller were estimated using the step response of the system. Furthermore, the results of the closed loop system simulation show why the model accuracy is important in the controller design.
Comparison of periodic and aperiodic supermirrors
Authors: Veres Tamás , Cser László
Published: October 2015

The recipe used nowadays in the neutron supermirror production gives aperiodic multilayers, i.e. the layer thickness is changing from bilayer to bilayer. An algorithm recently proposed by V. Ignatovich and Carron gives supermirrors composed of periodic stacks of bilayers. Samples were prepared according to both methods and their measured reflectivity is compared. The effect of different possible faults in manufacturing is investigated by numerical calculations and a quantitative comparison is given for the different supermirror recipes. The results confirm the applicability of both design methods for practical SM production.
A FORMAÇÃO INSTITUCIONAL DE RORAIMA
Authors: Carvalho Lausson , Almeida Meire
Published: October 2015

Este trabalho visa abordar a formação institucional de Roraima foi um compromisso e uma conquista percorrer os caminhos impressos pelos nativos indígenas, pelos pioneiros migrantes, pelos militares desbravadores e pelos gestores públicos, responsáveis pelas instituições que deram origem à ocupação e a integração desse lugar mais setentrional do Brasil. Para tanto, estudou-se e refletiu-se sobre os determinantes, os fatores elevantes que motivaram às mudanças institucionais em Roraima, movimentos dinâmicos que transformaram e tornaram o estado num espaço diverso e difuso, capaz de abrigar pessoas de todos os lugares do país e dos vizinhos venezuelanos e guyanenses. Revelou-se como foram às articulações e as ações do Estado visando promover o desenvolvimento da última fronteira brasileira.
DEBATES SOBRE A LEGISLAÇÃO FEDERAL DE COTAS ÉTNICO-RACIAIS NO BRASIL
Authors: Martins Senhoras Elói
Published: October 2015

A difusão das políticas e ações afirmativas de natureza étnico-racial por parte do Estado brasileiro tem trazido uma crescente discussão sobre o papel das cotas como instrumentos de focalização das políticas públicas que obedecem a uma lógica de discriminação positiva a fim de promoção de reparação e inclusão social de determinados grupos. O objetivo da pesquisa é trazer à luz de uma revisão bibliográfica e documental os diferentes debates polarizados de crítica e defesa da política de cotas étnico-raciais consubstanciadas no país. Com base nestas discussões, o artigo aborda a legislação de cotas étnico-raciais no Brasil consolidadas, tanto, pela Lei 12.711/2012, relacionada ao ingresso em instituições de ensino superior, quanto, pela Lei 12.990/2014 que regulamenta a reserva de vagas para afrodescendentes nos concursos de cargos públicos.
Bases teóricas para a análise do consumo em Economia
Authors: Kachuba Daiane , Alice Pieruccini Mariângela
Published: October 2015

Este artigo analisa as principais estruturas teóricas do consumo propostas pela ciência econômica. O principal foco é o de traçar um comparativo dos principais modelos de análises, não sendo, portanto, objeto de estudo qualquer avaliação empírica e teste estatístico.
A situação da cadeia produtiva do etanol no Brasil em Mato Grosso do Sul a partir da crise mundial 2008
Authors: Fachin Dias Elioterio , Maria Schlindwein Madalena , Ferreira da Silva Luciana , Favarini Ruviaro Clandio
Published: October 2015

O Brasil, considerado o maior produtor de açúcar e exportador mundial de etanol a partir da cana-de-açúcar, tem-se mostrado um laboratório mundial em larga escala de biocombustíveis. Após a crise mundial de 2008, com a descoberta do pré-sal, o setor, um dos mais prósperos da economia nacional, vem passando por uma crise econômica sem precedentes.
Bovine viral diarrhoea(BVD) virus antiviral activity of Korean Tung Tree (Aleurites fordii) extracts in vivo
Authors: Park Youn-Jin , Choe Yeong-ho , Kim* Byeung-Soo
Published: October 2015

This study investigated the Bovine viral diarrhoea(BVD) virus antiviral effect of Aleurites fordii (tung tree) extract. First, a cytotoxicity test on MDBK (Madin-Darby bovine kidney) cells took place at various n-Hexane and ethyl acetate extract concentrations. Each of the extracts’ cytotoxicity test results had 0.03mg/ml of n-Hexane and 0.06 mg/ml of ethyl acetate. In the tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) assay, 0.03 mg/ml of the ethyl acetate extracts decreased the BVD virus by 1.4 log, whereas the other extracts did not show any antiviral activity. The results suggest that ethyl acetate extracts and fractions of Aleurites fordii can replace chemical antivirus substances.
Influence of some environmental factors on body condition score and somatic cell count in Czech Holstein cows
Authors: Stádník Ludek , Atasever Savas
Published: October 2015

The objective of this study was to determine some environmental factors affecting body condition score (BCS) and somatic cell count (SCC) in Czech Holstein cows. A total of 278 primiparous cows were examined by BCS and SCC in four calving seasons, three years and six test days after calving. The results revealed no significant effect of calving season was found for both parameters. While year was not effective on SCC values, BCS mean of third year was significantly (P
Comparative analysis the variability of a complete mitochondrial genome of polledness intersexual goat (PIS- -) from China
Authors: E GuangXin , Huang Yong-Fu , Zhao Yong-Ju , Na Ri-Su , Zhao Zhong-Quan , Sun Ya-Wang , Chen Li-Peng , Qiu Xiao-Yu
Published: October 2015

The polledness intersexual goat (PIS- -) (Capra hircus), deformed individuals, could have malformed reproductive organs and loss of reproductive function. Here, we first determined the complete mitochondrial genome of Chinese native polledness intersexual goat (PIS- -) is 16,640 nt in length, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes and a non-coding control region. As in other mammals and intrastrains, most mitochondrial genes are encoded on the heavy strand, except for ND6 and eight tRNA genes, which are encoded on the light strand. Its overall base composition is A: 33.5%, T: 27.3%, C: 26.1% and G: 13.1%. The complete mitogenome of the Chinese indigenous breed of goat could provide a basic data for further understanding the contribution of mitochondria in the sex-developmental mechanism, tissue and organ cell deformity of polledness intersexual goat via genomic compare.
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pet dogs in Wuhan, Huazhong of China
Authors: Li Kun , Li Rongrong , Li Jiakui
Published: October 2015

Present study was an epidemiological survey for seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection in pet dogs (n= 279) in Wuhan, Huazhong area of China, using indirect hemagglutination test (IHA). Overall seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in this area was 13.3 per cent. The prevalence in males and females was 13.4 and 13.0%, there was no significant difference (P30.05) between the genders. The prevalence of T. gondii infection was 12.7, 14.0, 13.3 and 12.7% in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively. There was a significant difference (Ply affect community health in this region. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the prevalence of T. gondii infection in pet dogs in Wuhan.
A Comprehensive Study of b-Values for Proven Reserve Estimation Using Hyperbolic Decline for Vertical Commingled Gas Producers in Deep Basin Area of WCSB
Authors: Yu Shaoyong
Published: October 2015

Since its discovery in the 1970's, more than 30,000 dry gas wells (over 90% of them vertical producers) have been drilled within the Deep Basin area of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB). Typically these wells produce from tight to medium-tight formations such as the Paddy, Cadotte, Notikewin, Falher-A, Falher-B, Falher-C, Bluesky, Cadomin and Nikanassin. The permeability of these formations ranges from about 0.001mD to 1.0mD.

In an effort to maximize value, over half of the vertical wells within the Deep Basin have been commingled, producing gas from multiple formations. Every year, reservoir engineers evaluate the Proven (PDP) and/or Proven plus Probable (2P) reserves of these wells using Arps' traditional Decline Curve Analysis (DCA). In regards to hyperbolic declines, many questions frequently arise concerning the choice of b-values. Specifically, some those questions are:What b-value should be selected for wells producing from multiple formations with similar permeabilities?What b-value should be selected for wells producing from multiple formations with differing permeabilities?What is the impact on b-values if the producing layers have different pressure gradients?What is the impact on b-values if the producing layers have different drainage areas?What is the impact on b-values if the producing layers are completed differently?

In the early 90's, Fetkovich had conducted an extensive study on b-values for conventional reservoirs to answer the aforementioned questions. In his study, however, the reservoir permeability that was investigated ranged from 1mD to 1000mD. This paper will discuss a comprehensive study extending Fetkovich's work to much tighter reservoirs with permeability ranging from 0.001mD to 0.1mD. This study has been conducted by simulating the annual reserve review process (using hyperbolic declines to match synthetic data from a commercial reservoir simulator) and has been further validated through practical well examples.

Most importantly, a new formula has been developed to derive b-values for hyperbolic declines. This formula is especially applicable to tight gas reservoirs and will assist in answering the aforementioned questions.