bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-determination and safety: an ethical crossroad
Authors: Nicola Widian
Published: August 2020

Self-determination is a pathway by which individuals can safeguard as well as define their sense of safety. However, when an individual’s sense of safety is placed at risk, particularly within the context of community, safety can become illusive. Due to safety’s subjective nature, social workers and healthcare providers are invited to examine closely the roles they play to uphold a client’s self-determination, as well as manage risk as instruments of the healthcare programmes we represent, within the context of community and amid our clients’ challenging and oftentimes complex life circumstances. These ethical junctures offer practitioners an opportunity to examine how personal and collective ethical decisions are made, particularly through the lens of the ethics of care, which aims to place relationality at the forefront of the decision-making process. This clinical ethnographic narrative examines several ethical junctures I faced as the social worker to an elderly client diagnosed with schizophrenia.
Circus aerialism and emotional labour
Authors: Walby Kevin , Spencer Dale
Published: August 2020

Hochschild (1983) introduced the idea of emotional labour to examine how emotions are performed and managed in work settings. Recent writings have extended Hochschild’s works on emotional labour by focusing on the body and collective emotions. Contributing to this literature, we draw on interviews conducted with circus aerialists from several Canadian cities to understand the complexities of emotions, performance and work. Drawing from interviews with 31 aerialists, we examine what aerialists say about emotion management during their performances and travels. We analyse how emotional labour overlaps with the bodily control necessary to engage in circus aerialism as a form of risky work. We also examine how emotional labour is conducted in relation to audience type and the emotional climates that emerge at the group level in aerialist troupes. We conclude by discussing what these findings mean for literatures on emotions and on circus work.
The Effect of Business Internships Model and Employment on Enhancing the Independence of Young Adults With Significant Impact From Autism
Authors: Schall Carol , Sima Adam P. , Avellone Lauren , Wehman Paul , McDonough Jennifer , Brown Alecia
Published: August 2020

This article presents findings from a multisite randomized clinical trial measuring the impact of employment on independence in 18 to 22 year old youth with significant impact from autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The treatment condition was Project SEARCH plus ASD Supports (PS+ASD) where 73.4% of participants gained competitive integrated employment (CIE) within 1 year of graduation compared to control participants who acquired CIE at 17%. Within group analysis revealed that PS+ASD participants demonstrated improvement in all domains whereas control group participants demonstrated improvement in one domain only. Between groups analysis indicated that participants in PS+ASD demonstrated nominally better rates of improvement than control group participants at graduation and 1-year follow-up. Results provide evidence that employment provides therapeutic benefits to individuals with ASD.
Three multispectral configurations of a snapshot kaleidoscope-based camera in long wavelength infrared spectral band
Authors: Mas Adrien , Druart Guillaume , Bouchon Patrick , Vincent Grégory , Favier Sylvain , Compain Eric , Guérineau Nicolas
Published: August 2020

In the field of spectral imaging, numerous instruments use scanning-based technologies. However, the temporal dimension of these systems, whether to scan the spectrum or scan the scene, can be an issue for some applications. This is particularly the case when trying to observe and identify rapid temporal variations in a fixed scene or detecting objects of interest when moving. In this case, it is suitable to observe the desired spectral information of the scene simultaneously, and so-called snapshot systems have been thus investigated. In this paper, we study the ability of a kaleidoscope-based multiview camera to acquire multispectral information in the long wavelength infrared. Several strategies and technologies will be compared to add the spectral function inside the different blocks of a kaleidoscope-based camera: the front lens, the kaleidoscope, or the reimaging lens. The studied camera uses an uncooled infrared detector and thus must deal with the issue of having a large aperture.
Asymmetric core-guided polarization-dependent plasmonic biosensor
Authors: Haider Firoz , Mashrafi Md. , Haider Rakib , Ahmmed Aoni Rifat , Ahmed Rajib
Published: August 2020

A modified solid-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF)-based plasmonic
sensor is proposed where light propagation through the PCF is
controlled by scaling down of air holes. The modified core facilitates
the easy excitation of the plasmonic surface, resulting in improved
sensor performance. The chemically stable gold is externally coated on
the PCF surface, which helps to establish surface plasmon resonance
phenomena. The response of the sensor is analyzed based on the
numerical method, and the design parameters are optimized to enhance
the sensing performance. The asymmetric fiber-core structure provides
the polarization controllability and significantly suppresses the

y

-polarized response to achieve a
dominant

x

-polarized response and additional
functionalities. The sensor exhibits a maximum wavelength sensitivity
of 11,000 nm/RIU (refractive index unit) and sensing resolution of

9.09

×

10

−
6

RIU in the

x

-polarized mode. Also, the sensor
exhibits maximum amplitude sensitivity of

631

R
I
U

−
1

, and a good figure of merit is

157

R
I
U

−
1

. Furthermore, the sensor can detect
the unknown analytes’ refractive index (RI) in the sensing analyte RI
range of 1.33 to 1.40, which will lead to finding the potential
applications in biomolecules, organic chemicals, and environment
monitoring.
Third-order derivative matrix of a skew ray with respect to the source ray vector at a flat boundary
Authors: Lin Psang Dain
Published: August 2020

Our group recently showed that the Seidel primary ray aberration coefficients of an axis-symmetrical system can be accurately determined using the third-order Taylor series expansion of a skew ray

R
¯

m

on an image plane. This finding inspires us to determine the third-order derivative matrix of

R
¯

m

with respect to the vector

X
¯

0

of the source ray, i.e., 

∂

R
¯

m

3

/

∂

X
¯

0
3

, under reflection/refraction at a flat boundary. Finite difference methods using the second-order derivative matrix,

∂

R
¯

m

2

/

∂

X
¯

0
2

, require multiple rays to compute

∂

R
¯

m

3

/

∂

X
¯

0
3

and suffer from cumulative rounding and truncation errors. By contrast, the present method is based on differential geometry. Thus, it provides a greater inherent accuracy and requires the tracing of just one ray. The proposed method facilitates the analytical investigation of the primary aberrations of an axis-symmetrical system and can be easily extended to determine the higher-order derivative matrices required to explore higher-order ray aberration coefficients.
Low-frequency fiber optic hydrophone based on weak value amplification
Authors: Luo Zhengchun , Yang Yue , Wang Zhongmin , Yu Miao , Wu Chongjian , Chang Tianying , Wu Peng , Cui Hong-Liang
Published: August 2020

A high-sensitivity low-frequency fiber optic hydrophone based on weak value amplification (WVA) is proposed and demonstrated. A polarization maintaining (PM) fiber with a length of 0.8 m wound around a polycarbonate (PC) tube is used as the sensing element. Theoretical analysis shows that the PM fiber in a WVA measurement scheme responds to underwater acoustic pressure with unprecedented sensitivity. The prototypical hydrophone based on such a scheme can sense underwater acoustic disturbance as weak as 1.3×10−6 Pa/Hz1/2 at 10 Hz, with a flat frequency response in the low-frequency band of 0.1–50 Hz. The experimental result agrees well with the theoretical prediction to within 0.5 dB.
Spectral singularities and asymmetric light scattering in PT-symmetric 2D nanoantenna arrays
Authors: Tapar Jinal , Kishen Saurabh , Emani Naresh Kumar
Published: August 2020

The intriguing physics of non-Hermitian systems satisfying parity-time (PT) symmetry has spurred a surge of both theoretical and experimental research in interleaved gain-loss systems for novel photonic devices. In this work, we investigate vertically stacked GaInP PT-symmetric nanodisk resonators arranged in two-dimensional periodic lattice using full-wave numerical simulations and scattering matrix theory. The proposed dielectric metasurface supports lasing spectral singularities with asymmetric reflection and highly anisotropic far-field scattering patterns. It offers a much broader design parameter space to control wavelength, scattering direction, and efficiency of optical emission when compared to the predominantly one-dimentional (1D) or quasi-1D structures studied so far. The proposed system with Q-factor

>

10

5

serves as a powerful platform for enhanced light-matter interaction by enabling extensive control of asymmetric light scattering, amplification, and unprecedented localization of electromagnetic fields.
Plasmonic random laser from dye-doped cholesteric liquid crystals incorporating silver nanoprisms
Authors: Chang Shu-Han , Wu Jin-Jei , Kuo Chi-Ching , Tsay Shwu-Yun , Chen Yao-Hui , Lin Ja-Hon
Published: August 2020

Plasmonic random lasers have been demonstrated in combining dye-doped cholesteric liquid crystals (DD-CLCs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The DD-CLC laser reveals the lowest threshold and highest slope efficiency through the localized surface plasmon resonance of AgNPs with the best coupling of the emission spectrum of lasing dye and resonance of electron oscillation on the metal surface. Thermal control of the DD-CLC lasers has been achieved to simultaneously shift the long- and short-edge lasing peaks. By the

α

-stable analysis, the DD-CLC random laser (RL) reveals heavy tail distribution with relatively low

α
∼
1.06

to show the Lévy behavior. Owing to its low spatial coherence, the DD-CLC RL has been demonstrated to produce a speckle-reduced image with a lower contrast of about 0.04.
Fast automatic design method for freeform imaging systems through system construction and correction
Authors: Wu Weichen , Wang Hui , Jin Guofan , Zhu Jun
Published: August 2020

In traditional optical design, a starting point is selected and coefficients optimization is then performed using software. The process requires considerable time and the involvement of a human with design skills and experience. In this Letter, a fast automatic method for freeform imaging systems design is proposed. Using a plane system as the input, a freeform optical system with high image quality can be designed automatically at high speed. The method consists of system construction and system correction, combining the advantages of the direct design method and the methods based on aberration analysis. After system construction generates a system with fundamental optical parameters, system correction is an iterative process that alternates between image plane correction and surfaces correction to improve the image quality to a high level. Two examples required 5 min 56 s and 6 min 10 s to design freeform systems with near-diffraction-limit image quality.
Photorealistic full-color nanopainting enabled by a low-loss metasurface
Authors: Huo Pengcheng , Song Maowen , Zhu Wenqi , Zhang Cheng , Chen Lu , Lezec Henri J. , Lu Yanqing , Agrawal Amit , Xu Ting
Published: August 2020

We realize a dielectric metasurface that enables full-color generation and ultrasmooth brightness variation. The reproduced artwork “girl with a pearl earring” features photorealistic color representation and stereoscopic image impression, mimicking the texture of an oil-painting.
What’s stopping you? Impediments to incorporating popular music technologies in schools
Authors: Brudvik Sondre , Hebert David G.
Published: August 2020

This study explores why music technologies are not more often used in school music programmes despite their wide accessibility in the private sector. We examine how four popular products are perceived by music teachers in Norwegian primary and lower secondary schools: Rocksmith 2014, Soundation, GarageBand and Skoog. Our study determines what participants see as impediments to using these specific products, as well as music technologies in general. Through analysis of interviews conducted within a clinical trial of technology products, four factors were identified as perceived impediments to product use in schools: expense, accessibility, attitude and usability. Although expense is an especially prominent concern, we found that each factor can potentially prevent acquisition and incorporation of music technologies. Further, the influence of other agents besides the music teachers themselves is perceived as playing a vital role in this process, such as the school’s administration and characteristics of the local community.
Songwriting with digital audio workstations in an online community
Authors: Clauhs Matthew
Published: August 2020

Digital audio workstations and online file-sharing technology may be combined to create opportunities for collaborations among many groups, including performing ensembles, music technology classes, professional songwriters and preservice music teachers. This article presents a model for a digitally mediated online collaboration that focuses on popular music songwriting activities in school and higher education settings. Using an example from a high school music production class that collaborated with an undergraduate music education course through Google Docs and a file-sharing platform, the author outlines steps towards facilitating partnerships that focus on creating music in an online community. Such collaborations may help remove barriers between our classrooms and our communities as music teachers leverage technology to develop relationships with creators and performers of popular music everywhere.
Sociology for Music Teachers: Practical Applications, Hildegard C. Froehlich and Gareth Dylan Smith (2017), 2nd ed.
Authors: Cremata Radio
Published: August 2020

Review of: Sociology for Music Teachers: Practical Applications, Hildegard C. Froehlich and Gareth Dylan Smith (2017), 2nd ed.

New York and London: Routledge, 194 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-13822-450-6, h/bk $124.00;

ISBN 978-1-13822-451-3, p/bk $43.96;

ISBN 978-1-31540-234-5, e/bk $35.72
Az Eucharisztia ünneplése az ókori egyházban
Authors: Dolhai Lajos
Published: August 2020

The form of liturgy of the Eucharist evolved only slowly and gradually. The development of the first three century can be divided in two periods. The first is the age of the Church of Apostles, until the middle of the second century: In this period the Eucharist was celebrated in private houses. During the second period Christianity entered into the Greek-Roman world. Initially, the Eucharist was celebrated in the evening, but already at the end of the fi rst century and at the beginning of the second it has become general to celebrate the Holy Mass in the morning. A communal meal did not join to these Holy Masses in the morning. The participation in the Eucharist had conditions: The Didache states: “Do not eat and drink from the Eucharist anyone but who is baptized on the name of the Lord.” The breaking of bread (fractio panis) was called Eucharist fi rstly by the Didache, later by St. Ignatius of Antioch. In the Ancient Church it was natural the Communion under both kinds. The Didache contains one of the earliest Eucharistic-prayers. The first detailed description about the celebration of the Eucharist can be found by Justionos (†165). From liturgical viewpoint the Traditio Apostolica is important: this work was written about 215.
A Gyulák és a magyarok korai kereszténysége
Authors: Révész Éva
Published: August 2020

The Hungarian’s early Christianity began with Gyula’s baptism. Hierotheos monk-bishop came with him to evangelize. His workcenter was in Gyula’s territorium: before in Tiszántúl, after in Erdély and Ajtony’s territorium, finally his successors were Abot-Bishops of the eastern Christian Monasteries (Szávaszentdemeter, Oroszlámos). His successor, Ióannés had already became a Metropolita (Archbishop).
Múltépítés és propaganda
Authors: Gyönki Viktória
Published: August 2020

Harald the hard-ruler (Old Norse: Haraldr harðráði) (1046–1066) was the last king of the socalled Viking Age. His life and deeds were recorded in numerous compilations of the Kings’ sagas, such as Heimskringla and Morkinskinna. Both of these texts depict him as a strong ruler and military leader. This portrait could not be complete however, without those shorter episodes in the Kings’ sagas between diff erent Icelanders and the king – mostly, it was Harald who had to compete with them. While Harald was famous for his smart tactics in byzantine service, he was not able to outperform Icelanders. This essay will focus on how Harald’s image was built up, sometimes based on historical or literary materials other than the Kings’ sagas. His special relationship with Icelanders was also expressed as he became a frequent character in the Icelandic Family Sagas.
proximal humeral fractures
Authors: RASLAN MOSTAFA
Published: August 2020

proximal humeral fractures are so common, they are the third common fractures of the upper limb. most of them can be managed conservatively. surgical options includes percutenous pinning, plating, intramedulary nails and arthroplasty.
Cloning, Expression and Characterization of the α-glucuronidase from the Hyperthermophile DictyoglomusturgidumDSM 6724Ô
Authors: Brumm Phillip , Brumm Phillip , Xie Dan , Allen Larry , Xie Dan , Allen Larry , Mead David A. , Mead David A.
Published: August 2020

Conversion of biomass into fermentable sugars is a major requirement for successful and cost-effective biofuels production. The conversion of xylan to sugars requires multiple enzymes including α-glucuronidase. Here we report the cloning, expression, purification and characterization of the α-glucuronidase from Dictyoglomusturgidum(DtuAgu). DtuAgu is an intracellular protein of 685 amino acids and a predicted molecular weight of 79.4 kD. Enzymatic activity was optimum between pH 7.0 and 8.0 and at 85°C. The specific activity of the enzyme was 10 u/mg when measured using mixed aldouronic acids. The specific activity on isolated glucuronoxylan was approximately 20% of the value obtained with xylooligosaccharides. DtuAgu significantly improved xylan conversion to xylose when evaluated using two mixtures of thermostable bacterial enzymes and two sources of xylan. DtuAgu has the potential to be a key player in thermostable enzyme cocktails for the conversion to biomass to biofuels.α
The Hazards of Abdominal Obesity
Authors: Habibzadeh Seyedeh Nasim
Published: August 2020

Abdominal obesitywith a big belly is one of the worse type of morbid obesity that is associated with different health failure outcomes. Central obesity leads to an increased risk of health complications such as metabolic syndrome, hypertension, insulin resistance,type 2 diabetes, heart disease and various cancers. Abdominal obesity also can specifically cause to spinal nerve pain and backache. Depression and disability are other subsequent hazards of central fatness. More importantly ,excessive central body fat ultimately contributes in all-causes of early mortality. In regards to this, individuals with abdominal obesity is urgently needed to reduce central obesity using behavior modifications. Changes in diet and performing some exercise in everyday living are essential steps.
Global Health Involvement in Thyroid Cancer Incidence Increase
Authors: Mango Lucio
Published: August 2020

In recent decades was observed a gradual increase in the detection of thyroid nodules in the adult population. Given the increase in prevalence of nodules, a similar trend to the growth in the incidence of thyroid cancers was found. The reasons for this increased incidence for thyroid cancer are controversial. Increased incidence is caused by an improvement in diagnostic techniques or does not result from an overdiagnosis, but represents a real increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer? Whatever the reality, the fact of an increased incidence of thyroid cancer for certain involves problems to global health which in any case must be evaluated and corrected.
“Un patrimonio limitado al interés de una élite académica es un patrimonio absolutamente vulnerable”. Entrevista con José Manuel Prieto González
Authors: Prieto Páez Leopoldo
Published: August 2020

Se habla de amenaza, de perdida de valor intrínseco, de riesgo manifiesto. En las últimas décadas la idea de patrimonio se asocia indefectiblemente con deterioro, con apuro por desaparición, por perdida de sus valores, por depredación en su consumo, con miedo a la ausencia. Hasta hace unas décadas la idea de lo patrimonial resultaba poco menos que una curiosidad, con el tiempo las discusiones se han vuelto más complejas, los conceptos se han ido re-elaborando y ha trascendido la mera formula de la conservación para poner en discusión nuevos valores y nuevas actitudes para asumir la herencia del pasado.
Literatura infantil, moralidad y valores: materiales para la discusión
Authors: Sanchez Rueda Humberto
Published: August 2020

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar algunas tendencias acerca de la recepción de la literatura infantil que privilegian la formación moral y la comprensión de la multiculturalidad; a partir de la interpretación y contraste de las puestas teóricas acerca del papel de la literatura infantil en la formación de los niños. En esta reflexión se desarrollan algunos presupuestos conceptuales sobre las relaciones que se tejen entre literatura infantil, formación moral y cultura, como son: autonomía estética y provecho moral en la literatura infantil; inserción ideológica multicultural en los textos infantiles y posibilidades de la obra literaria como vehículo de transmisión y reivindicación ideológica en la sociedad. Desde estos ejes de análisis, el artículo concluye que la literatura infantil, en contraste con las funciones morales y culturales, contribuye a la construcción simbólica del sujeto que toma conciencia de su injerencia en el mundo.
Исследование RQ-системы с вытеснением заявок и трехфазным пофазовым дообслуживанием
Authors: Назаров Анатолий Андреевич , Nazarov Anatolii Andreevich , Измайлова Яна Евгеньевна , Izmailova Yana Evgenevna
Published: August 2020

Рассмотрена система с повторными вызовами (RQ-система), на вход которой поступает простейший поток с заданной интенсивностью. Если в момент обращения заявки прибор занят, то происходит вытеснение заявки, стоящей на приборе. Заявка, не успевшая успешно обслужиться, переходит на орбиту, чтобы после случайной экспоненциальной задержки вновь обратиться к прибору для обслуживания. Дообслуживание заявки подразумевает, что в момент обращения с орбиты к прибору заявка встает на ту фазу обслуживания, с которой была прервана.
Показано, что асимптотическая характеристическая функция числа заявок на орбите и состояний прибора сходится к трехмерному гауссовскому распределению. Для данного распределения получен вектор средних значений и матрица ковариаций. Найдено стационарное распределение вероятностей состояний прибора.
Пространства Соболева и краевые задачи для операторов ротор и градиент дивергенции
Authors: Сакс Ромэн Семенович , Saks Romen Semenovich
Published: August 2020

В ограниченной области $G\subset \mathbb{R}^3$ с гладкой
границей изучаются краевые и спектральные задачи для операторов
$\operatorname{rot} +\lambda I$ и $\nabla \operatorname{div} +\lambda I$
в пространствах Соболева.
При $\lambda\neq 0$ операторы расширяются
(методом Б. Вайнберга и В. Грушина) до эллиптических матриц,
а краевые задачи удовлетворяют условиям эллиптичности В. Солонникова.
Из теории и оценок вытекают полезные свойства решений спектральных задач.
Операторы $\nabla \operatorname{div}$ и $ \operatorname{rot}$ имеют самосопряженные
расширения $\mathcal{N}_d$ и $\mathcal{S}$ в ортогональные
подпространства $\mathcal{A}_{\gamma }$ и $V^0$ потенциальных и вихревых полей
в $\mathbf{L}_{2}(G)$, а их собственные векторы задают ортогональные базисы в $\mathcal{A}_{\gamma }$
и $V^0$, элементы которых представляются
рядами Фурье, а операторы - преобразованиями рядов.
Определены аналоги пространств Соболева $\mathbf{A}^{2k}_{\gamma }$ и $\mathbf{W}^m$
порядков $2k$ и $m$ в классах потенциальных и вихревых полей
и классы $ C(2k,m)$ их прямых сумм.
Доказано, что при $\lambda\neq \operatorname{Sp}(\operatorname{rot})$ оператор
$ \operatorname{rot}+\lambda I$ отображает класс $C(2k,m+1)$ на класс $C(2k,m)$
взаимно однозначно и непрерывно,
а при $\lambda\neq \operatorname{Sp}(\nabla \operatorname{div})$ оператор
$\nabla \operatorname{div}+\lambda I$ отображает $C(2(k+1), m)$ на $C(2k,m)$ соответственно.
Support Spine Surgery by Information Technology
Authors: Kocsis Zoltan Tamas
Published: August 2020

This paper presents a possible new method for supporting a specific spinal surgical procedure by artificial neural networks. The method should be based on the surgical demands and protocols used by surgeons in order to carry out successful operations. Considering these requirements, a plan for an algorithm that will be able to support surgeons in the preparation and the conduction of an operation is outlined. The aim is not to substitute the surgeon but to assist him. Furthermore, this paper demonstrates how the neural network to be designed can significantly reduce the possible surgical risks, thereby increasing surgery effectiveness.
Integrating MOOCs into traditional UK higher education: lessons learnt from MOOC-blend practitioners
Authors: De Lima Guedes Karla K.
Published: August 2020

Tertiary teaching is going through transformations as a result of web affordances, open access, and online learning platforms, such as Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). Some academics are taking advantage of MOOCs by integrating them into their teaching practice. This study investigates why some UK lecturers are blending MOOCs into their Face-to-Face (F2F) lecture-based teaching, how they are using them, and what they have learnt from the experience. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six lecturers who had the experience of integrating MOOCs into their teaching. Data analysis shows that academics have a wide range of reasons for adopting this practice, with the most common reason being giving students a platform to engage in global communities and international conversations. Results generated both an understanding of why some academics are using MOOCs in their teaching practice, and a list of practical advice for MOOC-based blending novices.
Chinese parents’ perceptions and practices of EFL technology usage with young children
Authors: Liu Xing
Published: August 2020

Despite a large body of literature on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), studies on young children’s usage of media technology in China are still scant. This paper characterises the variations in Chinese parental acceptance and intent to continue related to their children’s use of web-based English as a Foreign Language (EFL) technologies. A sample of 20 parents from an inland city in China participated in individual interviews and reported factors affecting their acceptance and preferences. Thematic analysis reveals that parents’ beliefs about EFL affect the perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness of EFL technologies. The study has also found that Chinese parents are now attaching more importance to children’s emotional and social skills development.
Online social functioning of students of Polish higher education institutions
Authors: Walter Natalia
Published: August 2020

The paper was devoted to the issue of social functioning of Polish higher education institution students online. The internet is a social space, which offers opportunities for civic engagement, and online political activism; it can also be a place of interactions, such as social support, which lead to the improvement of individual mental well-being. The paper outlines some of the results of a study carried out as part of a State Agency for the Prevention of Alcohol-Related Problems project (40/3.4.3/19/DEA) in 2019 on a group of 4503 women and men, studying at Polish higher education institutions. The tool used to study the support was the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale, complemented by statements concerning online support. In order to investigate the phenomenon of social and civic engagement, the study used a scale of 14 statements, developed by Mateusz Marciniak. The results showed that the majority of the respondents (ca. 70%) never engaged in online fundraising campaigns, did not engage in political disputes online (more than 75%) and did not seek social support on the internet.
The context and meaning of an intact Inca underwater offering from Lake Titicaca
Authors: Delaere Christophe , Capriles José M.
Published: August 2020

As the Inca Empire expanded across the South American Andes during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries AD, Lake Titicaca became its mythical place of origin and the location of a pilgrimage complex on the Island of the Sun. This complex included an underwater reef where stone boxes containing miniature figurines of gold, silver and shell were submerged as ritual offerings. This article reports a newly discovered stone offering box from a reef close to the lake's north-eastern shore. The location, content and broader socio-cultural context of Inca sacrifices are examined to illuminate the religious and social meaning of underwater ritual offerings at Lake Titicaca.
Enhancing HIV Prevention: Social Support, Access to, and Use of HIV Testing, Treatment, and Care Services in Fishing Communities Around Lake Victoria, Uganda
Authors: Tumwine Christopher , Aggleton Peter , Bell Stephen
Published: August 2020

In-depth interviews were conducted with 42 HIV-positive fisherfolk and 15 health care providers to identify experiences of social support and its influence on access to and use of HIV testing, treatment, and care. Fisherfolk participants reported receiving support at some point. Prior to HIV diagnosis, this usually took the form of advice on what illness they were dealing with and remedies to use. After HIV diagnosis and disclosure to friends or family, emotional support enabled fisherfolk to come to terms with an HIV diagnosis, informational support offered guidance on how best to live with HIV, while instrumental support enabled access to relevant HIV services. Finally, affiliative support, in the form of new friends met through HIV clinic visits, provided a sense of belonging. Each of these different kinds of support assisted fisherfolk to respond positively to HIV with important consequences for secondary and tertiary prevention.
Sólo Se Vive Una Vez: The Implementation and Reach of an HIV Screening Campaign for Latinx Immigrants
Authors: Shah Harita S. , Dolwick Grieb Suzanne M. , Flores-Miller Alejandra , Greenbaum Adena , Castellanos-Aguirre Jimena , Page Kathleen R.
Published: August 2020

Latinxs in the United States are disproportionately affected by HIV and present with more advanced disease than their non-Latinx peers, due to numerous barriers to care including HIV stigma. We describe the adaptation, implementation, and reach of Sólo Se Vive Una Vez (You Only Live Once), Baltimore's first social marketing campaign promoting HIV screening among Spanish-speaking Latinxs. The 6-month campaign promoted free HIV testing by addressing HIV stigma. The campaign included a website, a social marketing campaign, community outreach events, and advertisements via radio, billboards, local partners, and buses. During the campaign, there were 9,784 unique website users, and ads were served to over 84,592 people on social media platforms. Among Latinx HIV testers at the Baltimore City Health Department, 31.6% reported having seen or heard of Sólo Se Vive Una Vez and 25.3% of Latinx HIV testers reported that the campaign influenced them to get tested.
The Racial Limitations of Country-Soul Crossover in Bobby Womack's BW Goes C&W, 1976
Authors: Burns Chelsea
Published: August 2020

Bobby Womack's BW Goes C&W (1976) presents a case study in country's long entanglement with race and genre boundaries. Though Womack incorporated country references on other albums, this was his only country album. It is sonically proximal to pop country of the 1970s, while including elements of soul and R&B. Womack aimed to make not just any country recording, but one that would address a black audience and highlight—visually and aurally—a black identity. This article provides close readings to show how Womack's album engaged with country music while actively confronting racial exclusion in the genre.

Today's discourse about race and genre provide opportunities to reconsider these issues in country music's history—a history that continues to ramify. For comparison, I address parallels in recent country music, demonstrating that the genre-color line that hemmed in Womack is under scrutiny. But this scrutiny is a far cry from change. Womack explicitly confronted racial issues in BW Goes C&W, yet these remain just as troubling in 2020 as they were in 1976.
Redneck Chic
Authors: Martinez Amanda Marie
Published: August 2020

This article analyzes the Nashville-based country music industry's marketing practices and targeted audience between 1969 and 1978, an exciting period of racial and political diversification among country listeners and artists. During this era, growing numbers of non-white fans appeared at country concerts (drawn in large part by a previously unprecedented number of non-white artists who had earned commercial success during this period), and musicians such as Willie Nelson and Waylon Jennings—the “Outlaws”—attracted listeners who identified with the counterculture. These new fans differed from the white and conservative listeners that the country music industry had branded as the quintessential country music fan by the early 1970s. But despite the potential to target increasing numbers of non-white fans, by 1980 and the election of Ronald Reagan, the industry remained more committed than ever before to defining the music as a product for an affluent, white, and predominantly conservative audience only. The industry's efforts to target a large white and affluent audience came at the expense of not only non-white listeners, but also actual Southerners and low-income whites, who were harmed by the stereotypes and widespread appropriations perpetuated by the trend of “redneck chic.”
Sound Is Round
Authors: Harris Yolande
Published: August 2020

Can we expand our awareness of remote environments by connecting them to our own bodily experience? “Sound Is Round” takes a winding journey through the superimposed environments of ocean and desert, bringing sounds from the deep ocean of Monterey Bay in California to the high desert of Northern Arizona. In doing so, it brings together experiences of material sensory space expanded by a sonic sense, an amplified listening. The intertwining of these environments and experiences comes together in a notion of roundness, through the form of the Möbius strip. By approaching land-based spaces through a different orientation, thinking through a lens of fluid sounds and listening, a sense of “oceanic consciousness” is explored. A simultaneous experience of relationship to others, to site, and to distant place is reflected through personal stories of participants.

The writing reflects the author’s own artistic practice, using the headphones and soundscape from a recent project Melt Me Into the Ocean, which explored connectedness to the deep ocean from land through sound walks. It also discusses the current project From a Whale’s Back, which works with video, sound, and data from the latest scientific research on tagged whales. Our connection to, and understanding of, the deep ocean environments are considered through these displaced remote experiences of place. Colliding sounds from these underwater environments with a research project around Roden Crater—artist James Turrell’s ongoing land-art work inside an extinct volcano—it emphasizes the importance of physical material sensory experience of place.
Two Heads Are Better Than One
Authors: Boykin-Settles Jessica
Published: August 2020

Washington, DC–born vocalist and pianist Shirley Horn was one of the most singular and respected musicians on the jazz scene during a career that spanned more than five decades. Despite minimal accolades, Horn’s contributions to the art form are rarely rivaled. She was a virtuoso pianist and a genius song stylist. In a 1992 article in the Washington Post, prolific composer and arranger Johnny Mandel explained that “Horn’s playing wasn't just self-accompaniment. It was percussive counterpart and harmonic commentary that worked with the singing to create a whole, a work of art that was more than the sum of its parts. ‘It's almost as if when Shirley plays, she has two brains. I don't know how she can play what she plays and sing what she sings.…Playing piano like that is a very complex undertaking, and singing with that amount of sensitivity and concentration—she sounds like Siamese twins.’”1 Through recorded performances that best exhibit vocal phrasing, chord voicings, and comping patterns in the jazz tradition, Horn’s piano and vocal performance will be analyzed in order to demonstrate why her genius should occupy the top echelons of revered American musicians this country has ever produced. Jazz and classical musicians whom Horn cited as her biggest influences will be discussed to demonstrate how she absorbed and expertly integrated chosen elements of those individual styles into her own performance to create a distinctive sound and a unique approach to interpreting standard jazz repertoire. Through biographical information, Horn’s career will be examined through a lens of intersectionality to discover how social categorizations such as race, class, and gender might have played a part in informing her musical and professional choices.
Determinan Status Gizi Tenaga Kerja di CV. Karoseri Laksana
Authors: Wening Dyah Kartika , Afiatna Puji
Published: August 2020

Latar Belakang : Upaya perbaikan kesehatan kerja menjadi penting untuk membangun SDM ketenagakerjaan yang berkualitas, sehingga memiliki produktivitas yang baik. Gizi tenaga kerja mempunyai peranan penting untuk meningkatkan produktivitas. Tenaga kerja perlu mendapatkan asupan gizi yang baik dan sesuai dengan jenis maupun beban pekerjaan. Dengan demikian akan menghasilkan tenaga kerja yang mempunyai daya tahan, kesehatan dan satus gizi pekerja yang baik. Kelebihan asupan energi dan rendahnya aktivitas fisik meningkatkan risiko terjadinya obesitas. Angka kebutuhan energi dan zat gizi lain perlu disesuaikan dengan tingkat aktivitas fisik individu tenaga kerja.

Tujuan : Mengidentifikasi determinan status gizi pada tenaga kerja CV. Karoseri Laksana.

Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan desain cross sectional. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 150 orang pekerja berjenis kelami laki-laki dengan rentang usia 19 – 66 tahun, diambil dengan metode simple random sampling. Data asupan energi diperoleh melalui kuesioner food recall 3 x 24 jam. Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) diukur menggunakan metode antropometri. Data beban kerja dihitung dengan cara mengukur tingkat beban kerja melalui reaksi fisiologis tubuh berdasar cardiovascular strain secara manual dengan menggunakan stopwatch. Analisis data dengan Shapiro wilk, rank spearman, dan regresi linier ganda.

Hasil : Sebanyak 20% subyek termasuk underweight, 40% subyek termasuk status gizi normal, 14% subyek tergolong overweight, dan 26% subyek tergolong dalam obesitas. Terdapat beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi status gizi tenaga kerja, diantaranya adalah asupan energi, asupan protein, asupan lemak, asupan karbohidrat, dan beban kerja. Variabel yang memiliki pengaruh paling kuat terhadap status gizi adalah beban kerja, sehingga beban kerja dapat digunakan untuk mempredikti IMT.

Kata kunci : status gizi, tenaga kerja, obesitas.
Peran Dukungan Keluarga terhadap Praktik Pemberian ASI Eksklusif (Studi di Desa Ketapang Laok Kecamatan Ketapang Kabupaten Sampang Madura)
Authors: Istianah Nine Zainiyatul , Masruroh Nur , Lestari Yanesti Nuravianda
Published: August 2020

Directly breastfeeding requires support from the nearest person, such as family members, friends, relatives, and co-workers. The greater the support gained for breastfeeding the greater the ability to survive for breastfeeding. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of family support level with exclusive breastfeeding in Ketapang Laok Village, Ketapang District, Sampang Madura District. The type of this study is analytical with a case-control approach, the population is all breastfeeding mothers who have babies aged ≥ 6 months in the village of Ketapang Laok as many as 242 people. A sample of 170 respondents of breastfeeding mothers with infants aged ≥ 6 months was taken by cluster random sampling. The independent variable is the level of family support and the dependent variable is exclusive breastfeeding. The data were collected through a questionnaire and then analyzed using a Chi-Square test. The results showed that 85 breastfeeding mothers (case group) mostly (57.1%) received good family support and nearly half (33.3%) received less family support. Then from the control group, nearly half (42.9%) received good family support, and most (66.7%) received less family support. The result of the analysis using the Chi-Square test shows that ρ = 0,004 means there is a relationship between family support level with exclusive breastfeeding in Ketapang Laok Village Ketapang Subdistrict, Kabupaten Sampang Madura. There is a relationship between the level of family support and exclusive breastfeeding. Thus, the family is expected to provide support for the mother exclusively breastfeeding.
Leucine acutely potentiates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in fetal sheep
Authors: Boehmer Brit H , Baker Peter R , Brown Laura D , Wesolowski Stephanie R , Rozance Paul J
Published: August 2020

A 9-day infusion of leucine into fetal sheep potentiates fetal glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). However, there were accompanying pancreatic structural changes that included a larger proportion of β-cells and increased vascularity. Whether leucine can acutely potentiate fetal GSIS in vivo before these structural changes develop is unknown. The mechanisms by which leucine acutely potentiates GSIS in adult islets and insulin-secreting cell lines are well known. These mechanisms involve leucine metabolism, including leucine oxidation. However, it is not clear if leucine-stimulated metabolic pathways are active in fetal islets. We hypothesized that leucine would acutely potentiate GSIS in fetal sheep and that isolated fetal islets are capable of oxidizing leucine. We also hypothesized that leucine would stimulate other metabolic pathways associated with insulin secretion. In pregnant sheep we tested in vivo GSIS with and without an acute leucine infusion. In isolated fetal sheep islets, we measured leucine oxidation with a [1-14C] l-leucine tracer. We also measured concentrations of other amino acids, glucose, and analytes associated with cellular metabolism following incubation of fetal islets with leucine. In vivo, a leucine infusion resulted in glucose-stimulated insulin concentrations that were over 50% higher than controls (P < 0.05). Isolated fetal islets oxidized leucine. Leucine supplementation of isolated fetal islets also resulted in significant activation of metabolic pathways involving leucine and other amino acids. In summary, acute leucine supplementation potentiates fetal GSIS in vivo, likely through pathways related to the oxidation of leucine and catabolism of other amino acids.
Neonatal exposure to androgens dynamically alters gut microbiota architecture
Authors: Barroso Alexia , Santos-Marcos Jose Antonio , Perdices-Lopez Cecilia , Vega-Rojas Ana , Sanchez-Garrido Miguel Angel , Krylova Yelizabeta , Molina-Abril Helena , Ohlsson Claes , Perez-Martinez Pablo , Poutanen Matti , Lopez-Miranda Jose , Tena-Sempere Manuel , Camargo Antonio
Published: August 2020

Gonadal steroids strongly contribute to the metabolic programming that shapes the susceptibility to the manifestation of diseases later in life, and the effect is often sexually dimorphic. Microbiome signatures, together with metabolic traits and sex steroid levels, were analyzed at adulthood in neonatally androgenized female rats, and compared with those of control male and female rats. Exposure of female rats to high doses of androgens on early postnatal life resulted in persistent alterations of the sex steroid profile later on life, namely lower progesterone and higher estradiol and estrone levels, with no effect on endogenous androgens. Neonatally androgenized females were heavier (10% at early adulthood and 26% at adulthood) than controls and had impaired glucose homeostasis observed by higher AUC of glucose in GTT and ITT when subjected to obesogenic manipulations. Androgenized female displayed overt alterations in gut microbiota, indicated especially by higher Bacteroidetes and lower Firmicutes abundance at early adulthood, which disappeared when animals were concurrently overfed at adulthood. Notably, these changes in gut microbiota were related with the intestinal expression of several miRNAs, such as miR-27a-3p, miR-29a-5p, and miR-100-3p. Our results suggest that nutritional and hormonal disruption at early developmental periods not only alters the metabolic programming of the individual later in life but also perturbs the architecture of gut microbiota, which may interact with the host by a cross-talk mediated by intestinal miRNAs; phenomena that may contribute to amplify the metabolic derangement caused by obesity, as seen in neonatally androgenized female rats.
Chromosome-Scale Assembly and Annotation of the Macadamia Genome (Macadamia integrifolia HAES 741)
Authors: Nock Catherine J , Baten Abdul , Mauleon Ramil , Langdon Kirsty S , Topp Bruce , Hardner Craig , Furtado Agnelo , Henry Robert J , King Graham J
Published: August 2020

Macadamia integrifolia is a representative of the large basal eudicot family Proteaceae and the main progenitor species of the Australian native nut crop macadamia. Since its commercialisation in Hawaii fewer than 100 years ago, global production has expanded rapidly. However, genomic resources are limited in comparison to other horticultural crops. The first draft assembly of M. integrifolia had good coverage of the functional gene space but its high fragmentation has restricted its use in comparative genomics and association studies. Here we have generated an improved assembly of cultivar HAES 741 (4,094 scaffolds, 745 Mb, N50 413 kb) using a combination of Illumina paired and PacBio long read sequences. Scaffolds were anchored to 14 pseudo-chromosomes using seven genetic linkage maps. This assembly has improved contiguity and coverage, with >120 Gb of additional sequence. Following annotation, 34,274 protein-coding genes were predicted, representing 90% of the expected gene content. Our results indicate that the macadamia genome is repetitive and heterozygous. The total repeat content was 55% and genome-wide heterozygosity, estimated by read mapping, was 0.98% or an average of one SNP per 102 bp. This is the first chromosome-scale genome assembly for macadamia and the Proteaceae. It is expected to be a valuable resource for breeding, gene discovery, conservation and evolutionary genomics.