bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Climate change impacts on population growth across a species’ range differ due to nonlinear responses of populations to climate and variation in rates of climate change
Authors: Louthan Allison M. , Morris William
Published: March 2021

Impacts of climate change can differ substantially across species’ geographic ranges, and impacts on a given population can be difficult to predict accurately. A commonly used approximation for the impacts of climate change on the population growth rate is the product of local changes in each climate variable (which may differ among populations) and the sensitivity (the derivative of the population growth rate with respect to that climate variable), summed across climate variables. However, this approximation may not be accurate for predicting changes in population growth rate across geographic ranges, because the sensitivities to climate variables or the rate of climate change may differ among populations. In addition, while this approximation assumes a linear response of population growth rate to climate, population growth rate is typically a nonlinear function of climate variables. Here, we use climate-driven integral projection models combined with projections of future climate to predict changes in population growth rate from 2008 to 2099 for an uncommon alpine plant species,Douglasia alaskana, in a rapidly warming location, southcentral Alaska USA. We dissect the causes of among-population variation in climate change impacts, including magnitude of climate change in each population and nonlinearities in population response to climate change. We show that much of the variation in climate change impacts acrossD.alaskana’s range arises from nonlinearities in population response to climate. Our results highlight the critical role of nonlinear responses to climate change impacts, suggesting that current responses to increases in temperature or changes in precipitation may not continue indefinitely under continued changes in climate. Further, our results suggest the degree of nonlinearity in climate responses and the shape of responses (e.g., convex or concave) can differ substantially across populations, such that populations may differ dramatically in responses to future climate even when their current responses are quite similar.
Feasibility of establishing a rehabilitation programme in a Vietnamese intensive care unit
Authors: Anh Nguyen Thi Kim , Yen Lam Minh , Nguyen Nguyen Thanh , Nhat Phung Tran Huy , Thuy Tran Thi Diem , Phong Nguyen Thanh , Tuyen Pham Thi , Yen Nguyen Hoang , Chambers Mary , Hao Nguyen Van , Rollinson Thomas , Denehy Linda , Thwaites C. Louise
Published: March 2021

Increasing numbers of people are surviving critical illness throughout the world, but survivorship is associated with long-term disability. In high-income settings physical rehabilitation is commonly employed to counter this and improve outcomes. These utilize highly-trained multidisciplinary teams and are unavailable and unaffordable in most low and middle income countries (LMICs). We aimed to design a sustainable intensive care unit (ICU) rehabilitation program and to evaluate its feasibility in a LMIC setting. In this project patients, care-givers and experts co-designed an innovative rehabilitation programme that can be delivered by non-expert ICU staff and family care-givers in a LMIC. We implemented this programme in adult patient with patients with tetanus at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City over a 5-month period, evaluating the programme’s acceptability, enablers and barriers. A 6-phase programme was designed, supported by written and video material. The programme was piloted in total of 30 patients. Rehabilitation was commenced a median 14 (inter quartile range (IQR) 10–18) days after admission. Each patient received a median of 25.5 (IQR 22.8–34.8) rehabilitation sessions out of a median 27 (22.8–35) intended (prescribed) sessions. There were no associated adverse events. Patients and staff found rehabilitation to be beneficial, enhanced relationships between carers, patients and staff and was deemed to be a positive step towards recovery and return to work. The main barrier was staff time. The programme was feasible for patients with tetanus and viewed positively by staff and participants. Staff time was identified as the major barrier to ongoing implementation.
Impact of multiple waves of COVID-19 on healthcare networks in the United States
Authors: Hassan Emad M. , Mahmoud Hussam N.
Published: March 2021

The risk of overwhelming hospitals from multiple waves of COVID-19 is yet to be quantified. Here, we investigate the impact of different scenarios of releasing strong measures implemented around the U.S. on COVID-19 hospitalized cases and the risk of overwhelming the hospitals while considering resources at the county level. We show that multiple waves might cause an unprecedented impact on the hospitals if an increasing number of the population becomes susceptible and/or if the various protective measures are discontinued. Furthermore, we explore the ability of different mitigation strategies in providing considerable relief to hospitals. The results can help planners, policymakers, and state officials decide on additional resources required and when to return to normalcy.
Utilization of Pepeta, a locally processed immature rice-based food product, to promote food security in Tanzania
Authors: Miraji Kulwa F. , Capuano Edoardo , Fogliano Vincenzo , Laswai Henry S. , Linnemann Anita R.
Published: March 2021

Consumption of pepeta, a traditionally processed immature rice product, is common in Tanzania, where it contributes to food security as an early rice food i.e. when there is no other food available at the household while the crops in the field not yet fully ripe. Many production steps are needed to guarantee a consistent, good quality pepeta product, and this hinders its utilization in other rice-growing sub-Saharan regions. This study aims to gain insight into the pepeta processing knowledge and final product, and assess variations in the processing conditions and parameters across the study area. A survey among 257 Tanzanian processors and consumers revealed that the pepeta product is widely known, rated second (73.5% respondents) as rice-based food after wali (cooked white rice, (100%)) and linked to traditions of the communities in the study area. Harvest of immature rice grain, roasting, pounding, cleaning, and packing are the main process steps of pepeta production. Method of rice harvest, rice suitability for pepeta production after optimum harvest, dryness of grains and number of pounding as indicator to terminate roasting and pounding process respectively, and packaging materials used varied significantly across respondents in the study area. Reported criteria considered by respondents for product acceptability did not vary significantly across study area. The criteria include colour (76.5%), general appearance (60.8%), texture (64.7%) and taste (52.9%). Immature rice paddy and pepeta were sold at a higher price than mature rice paddy and white rice, respectively, which implies that options to facilitate pepeta processing through, for instance, standardization of processing conditions and parameters could lead to increased income.
Cohort profile: St. Michael’s Hospital Tuberculosis Database (SMH-TB), a retrospective cohort of electronic health record data and variables extracted using natural language processing
Authors: Landsman David , Abdelbasit Ahmed , Wang Christine , Guerzhoy Michael , Joshi Ujash , Mathew Shaun , Pou-Prom Chloe , Dai David , Pequegnat Victoria , Murray Joshua , Chokar Kamalprit , Banning Michaelia , Mamdani Muhammad , Mishra Sharmistha , Batt Jane
Published: March 2021

Background

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of death worldwide. TB research draws heavily on clinical cohorts which can be generated using electronic health records (EHR), but granular information extracted from unstructured EHR data is limited. The St. Michael’s Hospital TB database (SMH-TB) was established to address gaps in EHR-derived TB clinical cohorts and provide researchers and clinicians with detailed, granular data related to TB management and treatment.

Methods

We collected and validated multiple layers of EHR data from the TB outpatient clinic at St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada to generate the SMH-TB database. SMH-TB contains structured data directly from the EHR, and variables generated using natural language processing (NLP) by extracting relevant information from free-text within clinic, radiology, and other notes. NLP performance was assessed using recall, precision and F1 score averaged across variable labels. We present characteristics of the cohort population using binomial proportions and 95% confidence intervals (CI), with and without adjusting for NLP misclassification errors.

Results

SMH-TB currently contains retrospective patient data spanning 2011 to 2018, for a total of 3298 patients (N = 3237 with at least 1 associated dictation). Performance of TB diagnosis and medication NLP rulesets surpasses 93% in recall, precision and F1 metrics, indicating good generalizability. We estimated 20% (95% CI: 18.4–21.2%) were diagnosed with active TB and 46% (95% CI: 43.8–47.2%) were diagnosed with latent TB. After adjusting for potential misclassification, the proportion of patients diagnosed with active and latent TB was 18% (95% CI: 16.8–19.7%) and 40% (95% CI: 37.8–41.6%) respectively

Conclusion

SMH-TB is a unique database that includes a breadth of structured data derived from structured and unstructured EHR data by using NLP rulesets. The data are available for a variety of research applications, such as clinical epidemiology, quality improvement and mathematical modeling studies.
The social support networks of elderly people in Slovenia during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Cugmas Marjan , Ferligoj Anuška , Kogovšek Tina , Batagelj Zenel
Published: March 2021

Population ageing requires society to adjust by ensuring additional types of services and assistance for elderly people. These may be provided by either organized services and sources of informal social support. The latter are especially important since a lack of social support is associated with a lower level of psychological and physical well-being. During the Covid-19 pandemic, social support for the elderly has proven to be even more crucial, also due to physical distancing. Therefore, this study aims to identify and describe the various types of personal social support networks available to the elderly population during the pandemic. To this end, a survey of Slovenians older than 64 years was conducted from April 25 to May 4, 2020 on a probability web-panel-based sample (n = 605). The ego networks were clustered by a hierarchical clustering approach for symbolic data. Clustering was performed for different types of social support (socializing, instrumental support, emotional support) and different characteristics of the social support networks (i.e., type of relationship, number of contacts, geographical distance). The results show that most of the elderly population in Slovenia has a satisfactory social support network, while the share of those without any (accessible) source of social support is significant. The results are particularly valuable for sustainable care policy planning, crisis intervention planning as well as any future waves of the coronavirus.
Tracking smell loss to identify healthcare workers with SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Weiss Julian J. , Attuquayefio Tuki N. , White Elizabeth B. , Li Fangyong , Herz Rachel S. , White Theresa L. , Campbell Melissa , Geng Bertie , Datta Rupak , Wyllie Anne L. , Grubaugh Nathan D. , Casanovas-Massana Arnau , Muenker M. Catherine , Moore Adam J. , Handoko Ryan , Iwasaki Akiko , Martinello Richard A. , Ko Albert I. , Small Dana M. , Farhadian Shelli F. ,   the Yale IMPACT Research Team
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Healthcare workers (HCW) treating COVID-19 patients are at high risk for infection and may also spread infection through their contact with vulnerable patients. Smell loss has been associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, but it is unknown whether monitoring for smell loss can be used to identify asymptomatic infection among high risk individuals. In this study we sought to determine if tracking smell sensitivity and loss using an at-home assessment could identify SARS-CoV-2 infection in HCW.

Methods and findings

We performed a prospective cohort study tracking 473 HCW across three months to determine if smell loss could predict SARS-CoV-2 infection in this high-risk group. HCW subjects completed a longitudinal, behavioral at-home assessment of olfaction with household items, as well as detailed symptom surveys that included a parosmia screening questionnaire, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction testing to identify SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our main measures were the prevalence of smell loss in SARS-CoV-2-positive HCW versus SARS-CoV-2-negative HCW, and timing of smell loss relative to SARS-CoV-2 test positivity. SARS-CoV-2 was identified in 17 (3.6%) of 473 HCW. HCW with SARS-CoV-2 infection were more likely to report smell loss than SARS-CoV-2-negative HCW on both the at-home assessment and the screening questionnaire (9/17, 53% vs 105/456, 23%, P < .01). 6/9 (67%) of SARS-CoV-2-positive HCW reporting smell loss reported smell loss prior to having a positive SARS-CoV-2 test, and smell loss was reported a median of two days before testing positive. Neurological symptoms were reported more frequently among SARS-CoV-2-positive HCW who reported smell loss compared to those without smell loss (9/9, 100% vs 3/8, 38%, P < .01).

Conclusions

In this prospective study of HCW, self-reported changes in smell using two different measures were predictive of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Smell loss frequently preceded a positive test and was associated with neurological symptoms.
Diversity Counts: Gender, Race, and Representation in Canadian Art Galleries
Authors: Krishnan Prakash
Published: March 2021

A review of Anne Dymond’s new book, Diversity Counts: Gender, Race, and Representation in Canadian Art Galleries. In it, she takes a statistical approach to investigating gender and racial parity in large Canadian art galleries. By counting solo exhibitions shown in Canadian
art galleries, Dymond reveals that they are not in fact representative of the nation’s diverse population.
Logisztikai folyamatok informatikai támogatottsága Magyarországon – Fókuszban a disztribúciós logisztika (Supporting logistics processes by information technology – current practice and improvement possibilities at Hungarian companies)
Authors: Gelei Andrea , Nagy Judit
Published: March 2021

Az elemzés egy a Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem (BCE) Logisztika és Ellátási Lánc Menedzsment Tanszéke által végzett kérdőíves felmérés eredményeit foglalja össze. A kutatás alapvető célja, hogy felmérje és bemutassa a hazai vállalatok logisztikai, ezen belül is elsősorban disztribúciós logisztikai folyamatainak informatikai oldalról történő jelenlegi támogatottsági szintjét és a következő két-három év e téren várható fejlesztési irányait. A kutatás szisztematikusan kitért a logisztikai információs rendszer valamennyi alrendszerére, vizsgálta a különböző azonosítási megoldások elterjedtségét, a vállalatirányítási rendszer, illetve egyes moduljainak használatával kapcsolatban kialakult gyakorlatot, de a logisztika stratégiai döntéseinek informatikai támogatottságát és a használt kommunikációs technikákat is. Összességében megállapítható, hogy a logisztikai információs rendszerek fejlettségi szintje ma Magyarországon közepes, fontos megjegyezni azonban, hogy a kkv-szektor e téren is jelentősen lemaradt. Ez természetesen azt is jelenti, hogy az informatikai eszközök alkalmazásának kiterjesztésével még komoly teljesítményjavulás érhető el. ________ The essay summarizes the results of a survey carried out by Corvinus University of Budapest, Department of Logistics and Supply Chain Management. Aim of the survey was to analyze and describe the actual Hungarian company practice regarding the IT support of logistics – and particularly distribution – processes, and the plans to develop it within the next 2-3 years. Survey has systematically overviewed all fields of logistics information system, analyzed the prevalence of different identification techniques and systems. Generally the authors appoint that logistics information systems applied by Hungarian companies are on satisfactory level; however it is important to tell that SME companies are in huge lag. This means that improving logistics information system hides the possibility of considerable performance development.
News of WCO-IOF-ESCEO virtual congress on 20–22 August 2020
Authors: Editorial Artiсle
Published: March 2021

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Generación en transición. Bioenergía a partir de residuos pecuarios en Argentina
Authors: Chomicki Carolina , Nogar Graciela Ada
Published: March 2021

La producción de residuos contaminantes, el aumento de gases efecto invernadero, el cambio climático y la creciente demanda de energía; priorizan la identificación de alternativas energéticas para gestionar territorios menos críticos. Por lo cual este artículo se propone analizar la biodigestión anaeróbica como generador de bioenergía desde residuos pecuarios, a partir de un estudio de caso en la Provincia de Buenos Aires, para evaluar la transformación de un residuo en producto, teniendo en cuenta posibilidades y obstáculos en un contexto de transición energética, generación distribuida y marcos regulatorios en construcción. Se triangularon datos de fuentes secundarias y primarias. Los obstáculos forman parte del proceso, pero esta tecnología es una oportunidad frente a la criticidad y limitaciones de los sistemas centralizados dependientes de hidrocarburos. Los resultados preliminares, enuncian que producir bioenergía a partir de residuos pecuarios: i-transforma un residuo/contaminación/problemática en bioenergía, ii- diversifica los ingresos, iii- genera biofertilizantes y iv- visualiza espacios rurales multifuncionales.
Entre el neoextractivismo y el desarrollo regional. La fibra vicuña como objeto de disputas en la Puna jujeña y catamarqueña
Authors: Cowan Ros Carlos
Published: March 2021

El artículo aporta a la comprensión de las formas de integración de regiones periféricas a redes de producción global y sus implicancias para el desarrollo regional, a través del análisis de la configuración de nuevos circuitos productivos en torno a la fibra de vicuña en la Puna jujeña y catamarqueña. Se observa que la inscripción de la vicuña como bien de dominio público en los dispositivos de regulación a múltiples niveles de gobierno, susceptible de ser aprovechada bajo criterios de conservación, manejo en silvestría y en beneficio del poblador andino favoreció la configuración de una red de producción global diferente a la de otros commodities e impone obstáculos a las lógicas de acumulación de corporaciones textiles internacionales. Sin embargo, no impidió que los circuitos productivos jujeño y catamarqueño se hayan modelado bajo una lógica neo extractivista.
AJET in 2021: Change, bibliometrics and future directions
Authors: Thompson Kate , Corrin Linda , Hwang Gwo-Jen , Lodge Jason M.
Published: March 2021

This is the first issue of AJET for 2021 and the first for the new Lead Editors. We introduce ourselves and celebrate the contributions of the outgoing team. In this editorial, we then present the AJET bibliometric data updated for 2020 and describe the changes to the team of Associate Editors that support the work of this journal. Finally we outline the articles that are included in this issue and present our plans for 2021 and into the future.
Ethnopolitical processes as determinants of ethnopolitical management in Eastern European countries in the context of sub-regional security
Authors: Karolak-Michalska Magdalena
Published: March 2021

The following article discusses ethnopolitical processes (politicization of ethnicity and ethnopolitical mobilization of national and ethnic minorities) in Eastern European countries. The author analyses social and political activity of national and ethnic minorities, as well as their representation in state authorities of the Republic of Belarus, Republic of Moldova and Ukraine, and concludes that those processes affect the national security of the countries that make up the sub-region. Particular threat to national security is posed by organized separatist actions. In case of the Republic of Belarus, the problem is not observed, but in the Republic of Moldova (Gagauzia, Transnistria) and Ukraine (Donbas, Carpathian Ruthenia) it is a very serious issue. Separatist tendencies of various ethnic groups have a significant impact on the national security policy. They also call for intervention by state authorities, not only in connection with security issues, but also in relation to appropriate management of ethnopolitical processes within the country.
Granice rozwoju systemu politycznego UE po traktacie z Lizbony: pytanie o złożoność i odporność europejskiego systemu instytucjonalnego
Authors: Wierzchowska Anna
Published: March 2021

System polityczny Unii Europejskiej jest przykładem rządzenia odbywającego się w silnie zróżnicowanym środowisku kulturowym, społecznym i politycznym. Jego rozwój jest nielinearny, a wyznaczenie jego granic okazuje się bardzo trudne lub wręcz niemożliwe. Traktat z Lizbony nie określił w sposób jednoznaczny dalszego kierunku rozwoju UE, a wręcz przyczynił się do pogłębienia złożoności systemowych. W sposób szczególny zjawisko to zarysowało się w obszarze rozwiązań instytucjonalnych, które kumulują wszelkie napięcia i kryzysy pojawiające się w procesie integracji. W wyjątkowy sposób do zwiększenia niespójności w systemie integracyjnym przyczyniła się komasacja zjawisk kryzysowych po 2009 roku. Jednocześnie obserwujemy specyficzne właściwości towarzyszące kształtowaniu się mechanizmów instytucjonalnych, które w odpowiedzi na powtarzające się trudności wykształciły zachowania elastyczne i odpornościowe. Efektem są przeobrażenia systemu instytucjonalnego, które kreują niejednorodne rozwiązania o tendencjach zarówno integrujących, jak i dezintegrujących system.
The European Union’s Security Conceptualisation vs. its Risk Prevention Capabilities
Authors: Dziewulska Agata
Published: March 2021

The European Union, as an area of unquestionable prosperity, on which the countries that make up it have been working since the 1950s, faces the constant challenge of combating threats to the security of its societies. In a changing world, these threats are constantly evolving. They were first summarised in the European Security Strategy and the list of threats was revised in Global Strategy published in 2016. The Union is therefore aware both of the processes of change in international relations and of the threats that this entails for the Union, its Member States and society. Does this awareness motivate Member States and EU authorities to consolidate their defence efforts? Are the measures to address the risks to the Union adequate to the degree of danger? Are the policies of the Union so developed as to maintain peace of mind in the face of threats? This article analyses the risks and attempts to answer these questions.
A Novel Approach to Supervision of Transference-Focused Psychotherapy (TFP): Examining the First Three Minutes of the TFP Session
Authors: Martinez Luis Valenciano , Hersh Richard G.
Published: March 2021

Transference focused psychotherapy (TFP), an empirically validated, manualized treatment for patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD), is arguably the most challenging to learn of the evidence-based treatments for BPD. Following an introduction to the TFP manual and the treatment's central tenets, ongoing individual, group, or peer supervision of case material, ideally with recorded video sessions, would be expected when the clinician's goal is fidelity to the prescribed approach. Our proposal for a novel supervision intervention emerges directly from the basic theoretical foundations of TFP, the process of research investigation, which has evolved over the years, with its goal of assessing both measurable patient outcomes and research clinician adherence to the model, and collective clinical experience. A deliberate assessment of the initial minutes of TFP as a supervision or self-assessment method is not meant as a substitute for more comprehensive supervision, nor is it offered as an exclusive path to mastering TFP. This approach to TFP supervision aims to distill and focus in a common-sense, accessible way the process of practicing TFP, thereby facilitating therapist consistency. Our proposed, more limited and concise tactic for TFP training can be used as an instruction building block, incrementally extending the access for practicing and mastering this intervention to a broader group of motivated providers.
Connecting the Moral Core: Examining Moral Baby Research Through an Attachment Theory Perspective
Authors: Deneault Audrey-Ann , Hammond Stuart I.
Published: March 2021

Infants care for and are cared for by others from early in life, a fact reflected in infants' morality and attachment. According to moral core researchers, infants are born with a moral sense that allows them to care about and evaluate the actions of third parties. In attachment theory, care manifests through infants' relationships with caregivers, which forms representations called internal working models that shape how babies think, feel, and act. Although accumulating evidence supports the existence of a moral core directed toward others, nevertheless, without a notion of care connected to infants' own lives, the core is an incomplete and underpowered construct. We show how the moral core, like attachment, could emerge in first- and second-person working models that develop through social interaction and incorporate representational forms (embodied, social, cognitive, emotional, moral), which contribute to the emergence of third-person representations and give infants' moral sense its vitality and meaning.
Countering COVID-19 in Norway and Sweden: Analysis of Approaches and Consequence
Authors:   Institute of Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences, Skripka Ivan
Published: March 2021

The article analyzes the strategies of the Swedish and Norwegian governments in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. These neighboring countries have shown two different approaches to solving this problem. Sweden has emphasized more lenient and voluntary measures for citizens, while Norway has imposed severe restrictions on citizens on its territory. After two waves of the pandemic, both States recognized that they could have applied more successful strategies. The consequences of the political and social nature, the reaction of citizens to the measures taken, became important. In both countries, there was a fairly high level of trust in the government. But in Sweden, unlike in Norway, there was a lot of support for the party in power at the beginning of the pandemic, as people were not burdened with serious restrictions, but experienced great difficulties as the scale of the pandemic grew. Norway, on the other hand, faced both the psychological strain of the quarantine and the crisis of the legitimacy of the measures taken. However, the situation changed in both countries with the beginning of the second wave of the pandemic, when the public mood changed
Russia in the Arctic: the Results of 2020 and Development Prospects
Authors:   Institute of Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences, Zhuravel Valery
Published: March 2021

The Arctic has always been in the field of close attention of the Russian leadership. This was especially true in 2020. This year, a number of important strategic planning documents were adopted that define the country’s state policy in the Arctic zone for the next 15 years. These are: The Fundamentals of State policy in the Arctic Zone until 2035 and the Strategy for the development of the Russian Federation’s Arctic zone and ensuring national security for the period up to 2035. In parallel, work continued improving the federal authorities activities on the exploration and development of the Arctic. New members of the State Commission for Arctic development approved including their powers expanded. The newly formed Ministry of the Russian Federation for development of the Far East and the Arctic has begun its activity. Simultaneously, the Government decided on the extension of the Far East development institutions competence in the Arctic zone. The attention of the public was drawn to the planned major infrastructure projects in all the subjects of the Russian Arctic. The author, drawing attention to a wide list of planned major arctic infrastructure projects in all the subjects of the Russian Arctic zone, expresses doubts about the possibility of their implementation, taking into account the existing and potential difficulties. The article points to the need to use the experience in the advancement and development of the Arctic, acquired in 2020, during the Russian presidency of the Arctic Council in 2021–2023.
Myanmar in 2020
Authors: Reny Marie-Eve
Published: March 2021

The NLD was reelected in 2020 with more seats than it won in 2015. Myanmar’s transition is not regressing, but many priorities remain before the state truly democratizes: conducting transparent trials of military officers who were involved in the killings of Rohingyas, solving the conflict between the Arakan Army and the Tatmadaw in Rakhine State, ensuring that enduring armed conflicts do not undermine citizens’ ability to vote, making sure the National Ceasefire Agreement prevents the resurgence of old animosities, demilitarizing the constitution, and restraining the military’s ability to sue opposition for defamation.
Pakistan in 2020
Authors: Shafqat Sahar
Published: March 2021

Pakistan began the year with the military establishment having tightened its grip on political institutions, but as the year progressed, opposition parties sought to reassert themselves and challenged both the PTI government and military leaders. Political movements took center stage as religious extremists as well as regionalist movements drew strength from the challenges to the PTI government. Feminists demanded action after a series of sexual assaults, and religious minorities continued to be targeted by violence. The COVID pandemic upended the economy, which was already straining under low growth and high debt and deficit conditions. Foreign relations provided many challenges as the government sought to target India for its mistreatment of Kashmiris, while the Pakistan–China relationship remained strong.
Bangladesh in 2020
Authors: Jalais Annu
Published: March 2021

Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, Bangladeshi economist Mushfiq Mobarak argued that in developing countries, lockdown-based social distancing would not be feasible to mitigate its spread. This was because they would be unable to impose restrictions, undertake mass testing, or provide adequate safety nets to the poor. Bangladesh was one of the first countries to allow the reopening of work places (as early as April 28, 2020), especially in the export-oriented garment industry, and has done economically better than its South Asian counterparts. A crucial enabling factor for this pandemic-era economic growth has been the explosive boom in digital money. On the downside, free speech has been sharply curtailed, and women’s futures were further jeopardized when the garment industry was severely hit by order cancellations. But perhaps the most frightening development is the effect of climate breakdown and the mass movement of populations within Bangladesh as well as in and out of the country.
Model of Ethnic-Cultural Interaction of Youth in Education Spaces: Conceptual Basics and Empirical Reality
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Kasenova Nadezhda Nikolaevna , Chemchieva Arzhana Petrovna ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Musatova Olga Vitalevna ,   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Geybuka Svetlana Vasilyevna , Kergilova Natalia Viktorovna ,   Gorno-Altaisk State University
Published: March 2021

In the context of modern changes in Russian society associated with population migration and an increase in the cultural heterogeneity of society, it becomes necessary to create conditions for the interaction of young people of different ethnic groups and cultures. The article proposes a model of ethnocultural interaction of youth in the educational space, which is being tested on the basis of the Institute of Childhood of the Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University. The purpose of the article is to substantiate and describe a model of ethnocultural interaction of youth in the educational space, which will allow minimizing intolerant manifestations in the youth environment, as well as allowing students to effectively interact in a multicultural space. Methodology. The modeling method and design approach were used. They made it possible to correlate the actual processes of ethnocultural interaction of young people in the educational space and the increase in ethnic culture among young people. The methodological basis of the research includes: approaches to defining the essence of ethnocultural interaction Yu.V. Harutyunyan, L.M. Drobizheva, N.M. Lebedeva, G.U. Soldatova, T.G. Stefanenko, A.A. Susokolova, O. I. Shkaratan, etc. Results. The research has shown that at present there is an objective need to implement the tasks of forming a culture of interethnic communication in the student environment. The proposed model, from the point of view of the authors, allows solving these problems. Conclusion. The tasks set in the study were solved. The results obtained can be used in the educational process of higher educational institutions.
Actual Nutrition of First-Year Students Living in Dormitory
Authors:   Gorno-Altaisk State University, Kruglikova Ekaterina Vasilievna , Chanchaeva Elena Anatolievna ,   Gorno-Altaisk State University, Sidorov Sergey Sergeevich ,   Gorno-Altaisk State University, Lyovkina Marina Nikolaevna ,   Gorno-Altaisk State University, Aizman Roman Idelevich ,   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University
Published: March 2021

Problem and Aim. When socializing first-year students for independent living, there are difficulties in planning financial expenses, including for rational food, which often leads to its violation. The purpose of the article is to assess the actual nutrition of first-year students adapting to living in a dormity, and to propose a methodology for calculating the budget of students to solve their social and daily issues. Methodology. The work uses methods of empirical research of actual nutrition (macronutrient composition of daily diet), statistical and comparative methods of analysis. Results. The actual nutrition of first-year students living in the dormitory is characterized by a shortage of consumed calories, fats, including polyunsaturated fatty acids, and insufficient consumption of carbohydrates, including dietary fibers. This insufficiency is more pronounced among girls who also have deficient protein intake, especially of animal origin. A methodology for calculating the budget of students is proposed, which will help them determine the costs of basic necessities, including for full nutrition, and develop skills in compiling a daily food diet taking into account the needs of the body. Conclusion. The actual nutrition of freshmen living in the dormitory is characterized by a shortage of calories, fats and carbohydrates consumed, which is more pronounced among girls who also have a deficiency in protein consumption. A methodology for calculating the budgeting of students’ expenses has been proposed, which will allow them to improve the food structure.
How blood group corelates with lips color?
Authors: shahid Narmeen , Imran Qadir Muhammad
Published: March 2021

The Objective of the present study was to corelate blood grouping with lips color. Sum of 183 scholars took part in this project analysis. These subjects were the scholars of Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan. We checked the blood groups of different subjects and categorized them according to their different types of blood groups like A+, B+, A_, B_, O etc. we made a questionnaire and during sampling of the subjects asked them that what is your lips color? It was concluded from this study that B+ female has the maximum pink lips and AB_ female has minimum.
Contribuições psicanalíticas na compreensão do cuidado em saúde mental no Brasil: revisão de literatura
Authors: Da Silva João Paulo Nogueira , Silva Carolina Ventura , Pedroso Janari Da Silva
Published: March 2021

Objetivo. O objetivo foi identificar as contribuições da psicanálise na formulação das práticas de cuidado em saúde mental no Brasil. Método.Utilizou-se o método da revisão integrativa de literatura com metassíntese nas bases de dados PubMed, BVS, LILACS, SciELO, com buscas nos períodos de 2008 a 2018. Resultados. Os resultados indicam que a psicanálise contribuiu com a noção de diagnóstico estrutural, nova perspectiva de cura, trabalho com o delírio e a arte, “prática feita por muitos”, construção do caso clínico, clínica ampliada e escuta singular. Conclui-se que a psicanálise faz parte da reestruturação e criação de práticas de cuidado em instituições de saúde mental, no âmbito de dispositivos teóricos e técnicos, para que as especificidades do paciente direcioname o tratamento.
Full-scale laboratory tests of geosynthetic reinforced unpaved roads on a soft subgrade
Authors: Khoueiry N. , Briançon L. , Riot M. , Daouadji A.
Published: March 2021

In this study, a large-scale laboratory test was developed to analyze the contribution of geogrid reinforcement to the improvement of unpaved roads. A detailed experimental protocol was established regarding the road base soil preparation, installation, and soil compaction procedure. Eight tests were performed under a circular plate load test in a box 1800 mm in width, 1900 mm in length, and 1100 mm in height. Under this configuration, three repeat tests were performed to verify the developed protocol. Furthermore, the plate load tests were used to compare different road base thicknesses and geogrid types. Once the developed protocol was confirmed, three tests, using the developed simulator accelerator of traffic (SAT), were performed. Indeed, the same road base configuration was tested, but this time it was placed in a box 5000 mm in length. The prepared road base was subjected to two different loadings: a specific plate load and a traffic load. The results showed the efficiency of the geogrids, the influence of the road base thickness, and the role of the loading type. Moreover, it demonstrated different mobilized mechanisms of the geogrid, depending on the type of product.
A new method for predicting the extreme dynamic responses of wave energy converters
Authors: Wang Yingguang
Published: March 2021

The copula-based environmental contour approach in the existing literature is only ‘partially’ non-parametric. Theoretically, the derived environmental contours from this ‘non-parametric’ copula-based approach will still be somewhat rigid. Optimally, the environmental contours for a specific ocean site should be developed based on a joint model of the environmental variables and the joint model should be directly estimated by a two-dimensional non-parametric approach. In this study, the use of a bivariate kernel density estimation approach for generating environmental contours is proposed. The advantages of the proposed new method were validated using two calculation examples based on measured wave data at two offshore locations. It was found, in a wave energy converter (WEC) application example, that the design value will increase by 23.4% if the proposed method is used in comparison to using the technique based on the non-parametric Gumbel copula environmental contour method. It was also concluded that the design value will increase by 15.98% if the proposed method is used in comparison to using the technique based on the non-parametric Clayton copula environmental contour method. The calculation results in this paper clearly demonstrate that the proposed new method can be used to effectively forecast the extreme dynamic responses of WECs.
O avanço do agrotóxico no Brasil e seus impactos na saúde e no ambiente
Authors: Campos Adryelle Lemes de , Ignácio Áurea Regina Alves , Oliveira Junior Ernandes Sobreira , Lázaro Wilkinson Lopes
Published: March 2021

A região Centro-Oeste do Brasil apresenta uma contribuição substancial para a produção agrícola nacional, o que implica também grande consumo de agrotóxicos. Objetivou-se neste estudo analisar a dinâmica das vendas de agrotóxicos em território nacional através de uma série de oito anos (2009 a 2017), com ênfase nos Estados de Mato Grosso e Goiás. Obteve-se os dados de área plantada de lavouras permanentes e temporárias, e vendas de agrotóxicos para Brasil, Mato Grosso e Goiás, tratando-se de um estudo epidemiológico do tipo ecológico. Dessa forma, esse estudo apresenta a espacialização da área plantada por hectares nos municípios brasileiros e o consumo de agrotóxico observando uma expansão crescente nestas séries históricas. Os resultados mostraram nestes oito anos (2009 a 2017) que Brasil, Mato Grosso e Goiás tiveram um aumento ano após ano de área, equiparado à venda. A partir dos dados de venda de agrotóxicos, pode-se inferir o avanço do agronegócio o que pode ser minimizado nesses municípios brasileiros estabelecendo estratégias de prevenção para diminuir danos causados pelos agrotóxicos.
Практические рекомендации по общим принципам проведения противоопухолевой лекарственной терапии
Authors: Трякин А. А. , Бесова Н. С. , Волков Н. М. , Гладков О. А. , Карасева В. В. , Сакаева Д. Д. , Страдаева И. Ю. , Фадеева Н. В.
Published: March 2021

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Практические рекомендации по лекарственному лечению мезотелиомы плевры, брюшины и других локализаций
Authors: Бычков М. Б. , Абдуллаев А. Г. , Багрова С. Г. , Барболина Т. Д. , Борисова Т. Н. , Владимирова Л. Ю. , Деньгина Н. В. , Левченко Е. В. , Сакаева Д. Д.
Published: March 2021

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Практические рекомендации по лекарственному лечению рака поджелудочной железы
Authors: Покатаев И. А. , Гладков О. А. , Загайнов В. Е. , Кудашкин Н. Е. , Лядов В. К. , Патютко Ю. И. , Подлужный Д. В. , Трякин А. А. , Черных М. В.
Published: March 2021

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Рекомендации по лечению последствий экстравазации противоопухолевых препаратов
Authors: Буйденок Ю. В.
Published: March 2021

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Improving Workforce Readiness Skills Among Community College Adult Learners Through New Technologies:
Authors: Haviland Sara , Robbins Steven , Belur Vinetha , Cherfrere Gernissia , Klieger David
Published: March 2021

Employers report struggles to find work-ready candidates who possess a desired combination of job-specific technical, general math and reading, and social and behavioral skills. Community colleges are ideally situated to address these shortages, delivering a trained local labor force and often collaborating directly with employers and regional development boards to ensure the employability of their students and the economic vitality of their regions. One tactic to address these shortages is to introduce trainings geared directly toward soft and basic skill development. This paper presents case studies of two schools that use technology-enhanced trainings to incorporate work-readiness skill trainings in career technical education programs that are (1) flexible and learner-centric due to technology-enhanced delivery, and (2) use evidence-based assessment and intervention strategies to promote soft skill and literacy expectations. The trainings were provided by a non-profit education research and measurement company, which served as developer and research partner for the community colleges. Results demonstrate adult learner satisfaction and commitment with these blended learning and mobile technology solutions. Factors that facilitate training success, which include securing student buy-in and developing collaborative partnerships, are discussed.
Aplicativos móveis
Authors: Coutinho Werbert Augusto , Almeida Veronica Eloi de , Jatobá Alessandro
Published: March 2021

O avanço rápido das tecnologias de dispositivos móveis, com uma grande variedade de aplicativos, têm provocado mudanças na sociedade contemporânea. Nesse novo cenário, os comportamentos, as formas de comunicação e as interações, ficaram cada vez mais dinâmicas. No campo educacional, os aplicativos móveis usados como recurso didático também apresentam potencialidade para transformar os processos pedagógicos, principalmente entre os nativos digitais. Indagamos em nossa pesquisa, se o uso de aplicativos móveis educacionais em sala de aula pode favorecer o ensino e aprendizagem de Probabilidade e Estatística, especialmente, em alunos da modalidade Educação de Jovens e Adultos, Ensino Médio.  Diante desse questionamento, desenvolvemos uma pesquisa com o objetivo de avaliar a aquisição de habilidades e competências na área de matemática, a partir do uso dos aplicativos móveis educacionais. Realizou-se uma pesquisa de campo com 46 alunos do módulo IV da EJA de um colégio da Rede Estadual  do Rio de Janeiro. Os alunos foram divididos em grupos, onde um dos grupos utilizou os aplicativos móveis como recurso didático e o outro não. Os dados foram coletados por meio de testes, questionário e observações. Diante disso, verificou-se que os resultados apresentados demonstram que os aplicativos móveis educacionais podem motivar e auxiliar  os alunos a resolverem as atividades matemáticas, além de favorecer o processo de aprendizagem  de alunos da EJA Ensino Médio.
Sosialisasi kesadaran hukum lingkungan Pada Masyarakat Pinggiran Sungai di Kabupaten Barito Kuala
Authors: Kiptiah Mariatul
Published: March 2021

Kesadaran hukum masyarakat merupakan salah satu bagian dari budaya hukum, yang ada dimasyarakat sesuai indikator pengembangan yang akan dikembangkannya.  Kesadaran hukum lingkungan adalah  yang terdiri atas tiga bagian, yaitu, Insfrastruktur, informasi, dan alat yang digunakan untuk memproduksi dan mendistribusikan kesadaran hukum masyarakat. Oleh karena didorong keinginan untuk membantu para masyarakat dalam mengembangkan kesadaran hukum lingkungan supaya memanfaatkan sesuai dengan tempatnya, karena banyak masyarakat salah memaknai kesadaran hukum.
Post-Crisis Models of European Integration
Authors: Arbatova N.
Published: March 2021

The article analyses post-crisis methods and models of European integration that are at the center of political debate in the EU leading member-states. The current debate about the future of European integration is often portrayed as a choice between the federalist and intergovernmental approaches. The reality is far more complex, since European integration at its late stage is a combination of all integration methods. Nowadays it is more expedient to speak about flexible integration, or "variable geometry" that constitutes the most realistic approach to the post-crisis EU. The euro crisis led to a massive transfer of power to the EU level, and made political union a genuine possibility. However, although pro-Europeans now agree that political union is necessary to save the euro, they often have in mind very different things. Three models – asymmetric integration, full-fledged federation and two-speed Europe – are being discussed by the EU analysts and policy-makers. Whatever the future model, it is clear that it will require finding a balance between the greater flexibility and the rules that would allow EU to claim legitimacy for its actions.
The French about the Future of the European Union: Confederation or Federation?
Authors: Zueva K.
Published: March 2021

The article examines positions of the main French political parties, scientific community and public figures regarding the future of the European Union. The facts confirm convergence of different European integration models: confederation and federation. This process is based on understanding that it is necessary to level economic and social situation in the EU member states. The French are discontented with uncontrolled activities of Brussels bureaucracy and lack of democracy. The result of this process is the growth of Euroscepticism in France that was corroborated by recent Euro-Parliament election.