bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mineralogical Studies of Metasomatized Host Rocks of Jahaz Uranium Prospect, North Delhi Fold Belt, Rajasthan
Authors: Mishra Priyanka , Krishnamurthi Rajagopal , Bisht Balbir Singh , Sinha Deepak Kumar
Published: August 2022

Uranium mineralization in Jahaz prospect of North Delhi Fold Belt, Rajasthan is closely associated with deformed and metasomatized meta-sediments of Ajabgarh Group. Detailed petrographic and electron microprobe studies of bore-hole samples indicate that the host rocks consist of metamorphic mineral assemblage such as quartz-annite-muscovite-hornblende (magnesiohornblende - ferrohornblende) - anorthite–bytownite with almandine - staurolite-corundum- ilmenite. Brittle-ductile deformation is evident by brecciation, micro-folds and fracture filled micro-veinlets of quartz and calcite. Fluid induced alteration products are pennine-albite-phlogopite-orthoclase-sphene-rutile-actinolite-ferropargasite-sericite-calcite-apatite. Two types of albite are prominent, albite-1 formed by alteration of parent metamorphic plagioclase, whereas albite-2 is feathery and found to be in open spaces and formed by precipitation of sodium rich fluid. Sulfide minerals (pyrrhotite-chalcopyrite) are most common in albitized rocks and commonly associated with calcite. The above studies clearly indicate the geological processes responsible for the formation of metamorphic-metasomatic mineral assemblages in host rocks associated with uranium mineralization.
Beach Placer Deposit Modelling using Geospatial Methods: A Case Study from Brahmagiri Mineral Sand Deposit, Puri District, Odisha
Authors: Somani Gagan , Sudhakar Ch , D’cruz Eric , Padhi Ajoy K. , Sunil Kumar T. S.
Published: August 2022

An integrated approach has been attempted for 3D representation of various geo-exploration data pertaining to Brahmagiri Mineral Sand Deposit (BMSD). GIS platforms are utilized to represent the prime depositional environments of sediments under which Total Heavy Minerals (THM) concentrated. In recent times, deeper exploration by sonic drilling has been carried out in the main sand bar of the deposit and retrieved huge lithological data. Different 3D visualization of exploration data using various geological Softwares (ArcGIS, Rockworks and Datamine) carried out.Understanding the morphology of the deposit is carried out using the topographic representation on GIS platform. Discontinuous linear dune ridges are present across the deposit. Sand column explored at an average depth of 40m represents the variety of depositional environment (lagoonal, barrier and beach) within basin. Lithological correlation for the entire (20km) stretch of BMSD carried out and major sand units have been summarized for the area. Heavy mineral (HM) concentrations in each sand column and their correlation using geospatial methods classify the trend and extent of mineralization into two potential zones (Zone 1 and Zone 2) depth wise. This study emphasizes the relationship between surface and subsurface manifestation of exploration data which reveals that BMSD could be part of Barrier bar system having different sub-depositional environments as back-barrier, barrier beach and inlet channel which are controlling the total heavy mineral concentration at various depths. Upper zone of ore body is confined to beach regime whereas lower zone is controlled by combination of beach, back-barrier and inlet channel sediments.
An Insight into the Indian Diamond Exploration and Mining: Past and Present
Authors: Satyanarayana S. V.
Published: August 2022

Indian diamond mining was known the world over for ages, for the production and trading of gem-quality diamonds till the beginning of the 18th century. The ancient Indian writings and the earlier reports of the Geological Survey of India (GSI) provide a wealth of information on the distribution of diamond host rocks, mining, quality, and trade of diamonds. Both primary (kimberlites & lamproites) of Mesoproterozoic age and secondary Neoproterozoic diamondiferous (Neoproterozoic diamondiferous placer conglomerate & gravel) type diamond are confined to the four cratons of Peninsular India, namely the Dharwar, Bastar, Bundelkhand, and Singhbhum Craton. Since 1950s GSI brought out significant results in terms of diamond resources and their grades. The National Mineral Policy paved the way for the entry of Indian and foreign companies into diamond exploration and exploring the known areas. However, diamond rich areas in Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh are yet to be exploited, till such time India will continue to depend on import.
Rare Earth Mineralization in Regolith Zones of the Neoarchean Phoscorite from the Carbonatite-syenite Complex, Dombarahalli Area, Eastern Dharwar Craton, Koppal District, Karnataka
Authors: Reshma K. , Paradkar Trigun T. , Tom Nibin G.
Published: August 2022

Two plugs of phoscorite (1.4 km x 1.6 km) covering 3 km2 are reported in association with carbonatite and syenite complex for the first time from the Koppal alkaline complex (2528±9 Ma) Eastern Dharwar craton. Evidences of mingling and late magmatic alteration within the magmatic units of the complex are ubiquitous, as observed between Budihalu and Dombarahalli southwest of Koppal Town. Phoscorite variants are variably enriched in REE. Phoscorite variants analyzed REO (T) (+Y2O3) content ranging from 1002 to 6357ppm with P2O5 ranging from 2.46 to 13.40wt%. Highest concentration of REO(T) (9402ppm) and phosphates (33.81wt% P2O5) have been reported from apatite phoscorite west of Dombarahalli. Regolith zones over phoscorite containing REO(T) up to 6029 ppm with maximum P2O5 of 1.20 wt% have been noticed. Estimated resource as per UNFC-333 in regolith zones developed over phoscorite is 3300t with 0.2% REO(T) cutoff (over 0.34sq. km area) with an average grade of 0.38% REO(T). The resources were estimated on the basis of grid-wise regolith sampling with a spacing of 200 m X 400m. LREE is the dominant constituent in regolith zones over phoscorite, represented by allanite, britholite and parisite. Allanite also occurs as separate phases besides as rim around apatite and inclusions. However, this association is decoupled in the weathering regime and REEs are enriched in weathered silicate clay fractions over carbonatite zone. Secondary REE with partially altered silicates like diopside, pargasite, hornblende, actinolite, clinochlore with sub-ordinate vermiculite, saponite in fines indicate moderate weathering conditions.
Legislative Reforms and Challenges to Provide an Impetus to Mineral Exploration in India
Authors: Jain Pradeep Kumar
Published: August 2022

Minerals and metals are crucial raw materials for industries and a major source of development for the country. In India there has been a pronounced growth in the exploration for minerals both in terms of quantity and value. To further enhance the growth rate and remove any bottleneck, the government has taken several legislative reforms through more transparency and non-discretion by way of first-come, first-served basis in the allocation of mineral concessions, through Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) (MMDR) Amendment Act, 2015. Recently, MMDR Act, 1957 has been amended through the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2021 vide notification dated 28.03.2021 for improving ease of doing mineral production and business in the country and help increase Gross Domestic Product (GDP).Exploration of energy-critical minerals, fertilizer minerals, precious metals and stones, strategic minerals and deep-seated minerals which are otherwise difficult to access and for which the country is mainly dependent on imports, needs to be prioritized. Enhanced exploration and mining can significantly reduce India’s import dependence on mineral and metals and help economic growth. For comparison, only 10% of obvious geological potential (OGP) area of India has been explored while Australia has explored more than 90% of its area. In this paper, some of these legislative reforms and challenges to provide an impetus to mineral exploration are discussed.
Safety of clinical engineer-assisted percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Oguri Mitsutoshi , Ishii Hideki , Shigematsu Takuro , Fujita Rin , Koyama Yuichiro , Katagiri Takeshi , Ikai Yoshihiro , Fujikawa Yusuke , Takahashi Hiroshi , Suzuki Yoriyasu , Murohara Toyoaki
Published: August 2022

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) requires multiple staff members, including interventional cardiologists, with the physical burden of heavy protective measures to minimize radiation exposure. Here, we aimed to investigate the safety of task sharing with clinical engineers (CEs) working as 1st assistant during ad hoc PCI. We retrospectively included 286 patients who underwent ad hoc PCI following diagnostic catheterization for coronary artery disease between April 2019 and March 2021. Procedural complications including coronary perforation or rupture, myocardial infarction, cerebral embolism, cardiovascular death, decreased kidney function, and radiation parameters were compared between the two clinical settings [CE group, CEs as the 1st assistant from the beginning of diagnostic coronary angiography to the end of PCI vs. doctor (DR) group, others]. There was no increase in the ratio of procedural complications in the CE group (1.7%) versus the DR group (1.2%). Fluorescence time and radiation exposure dose were significantly reduced in the CE group {25 min [interquartile range (IQR), 19–35 min] vs. 28 min (IQR, 20–39 min), P = 0.036; 908 mGy (IQR, 654–1326 mGy) vs. 1062 mGy (IQR, 732–1594 mGy), P = 0.049}. The median amount of contrast medium was significantly reduced in the CE group [100 mL (IQR, 80–119 mL) vs. 110 mL (IQR 90–140 mL), P < 0.001]. After propensity matching, fluorescence time, radiation exposure dose, and contrast medium amount were similar between groups. Task sharing with CEs as the 1st assistant during ad hoc PCI could contribute to clinical safety in patients with coronary artery disease.
Social-ecological system analysis of an invertebrate gleaning fishery on the island of Unguja, Zanzibar
Authors: Stiepani Johann , Jiddawi Narriman , Mtwana Nordlund Lina
Published: August 2022

Invertebrate gleaning is a small-scale fishery that commonly occurs in the intertidal zone across the tropical Indo-Pacific. In this study, we investigated and analyzed several components of this fishery on the island of Unguja, Zanzibar by employing the social-ecological systems framework from Ostrom 2009. In doing so, we conducted ecological surveys, catch assessments, interviews with gleaners, household surveys, focus group interviews and analyzed the governance structure. This social-ecological systems analysis showed that gleaning is important for food security, local culture and livelihood. Yet, the multiple approaches in our study revealed that the local intertidal zone is degrading and that the gleaned catch is changing. Local narratives indicate that economically important bivalves (Modiolus spp.) and gastropods (Strombus spp.) are in decline, which was paralleled with low abundances of both genera within the ecological survey of the intertidal and catch landing assessment. We recommend that invertebrate gleaning, a fishery mainly comprised of women should be included in fisheries management.
Rapid transformation of traditional beekeeping and colony marketing erode genetic differentiation in Apis mellifera simensis, Ethiopia
Authors: Hailu Teweldemedhn Gebretinsae , Rosenkranz Peter , Hasselmann Martin
Published: August 2022

Subsistent beekeeping has been an established tradition in Tigray, northern Ethiopia. In the last two decades, extension efforts tried to transform it into improved apiculture, which led to development of colony marketing. Here, we assessed the progress in beekeeping, colony marketing, and population differentiation with a hypothesis that the extension might have supported both production and genetic conservation in accordance with the national apiculture proclamation. Progress in beekeeping was analyzed based on official annual reports from 2004 to 2020. In addition, colony market survey was conducted in one of the central markets to analyze spatial and agro-ecological zone (AEZ) distributions of the honey bees, driving factors, and implications by interviewing 120 sellers and buyers. Moreover, highland and lowland honey bee population differentiation was compared in two areas (not-) involved in marketing using a nuclear marker known for elevational adaptation. The regional beekeeping progressed substantially: frame hives grew from 1 to 23%, annual honey production tripled, managed colonies increased by 90%. Frame hives provided significantly (F = 88.8, P < 0.001) higher honey yield than local hives. Colonies were exchanged between actors with significant differences in spatial (X2 = 104.56, P < 0.01) and AEZ (X2 = 6.27, P = 0.044) distributions. Colonies originate mainly from highland areas of two districts and were re-distributed to broader areas. Most buyers showed preferences for colony color (73.3%) and AEZ of origin (88.3%), which led to a one-way flow. Consequently, no genetic differentiation was detected between two contrasting elevations in the involving district compared to a not involving area (FST = 0.22). Overall, the regional apiculture progressed significantly, but there is no evidence that the extension contributed to conservation.
Unterrichten neben dem Studium – Implikationen für das Studium und Einfluss auf das Verlangen nach hochschulischen Praxisbezügen
Authors: Scheidig Falk , Holmeier Monika
Published: August 2022

Begünstigt durch den Lehrer*innenmangel unterrichten angehende Lehrkräfte immer häufiger bereits neben dem Studium. Im Fachdiskurs wurde das Phänomen bislang kaum berücksichtigt. Im Fokus des Beitrags steht eine Analyse zu Ausmaß und Auswirkungen der studienunabhängigen Unterrichtstätigkeit von Lehramtsstudierenden in vier Deutschschweizer Kantonen. Im Rahmen einer Studierendenbefragung wurden Studierende mit und ohne studienunabhängige Unterrichtstätigkeit an einer Schule befragt (N = 929). Die Antworten wurden auf Gruppenunterschiede hinsichtlich der Wahrnehmung des Studiums und des Wunschs nach verschiedenen Formen von Praxisbezügen im Studium ausgewertet. Die Analyse zeigt auf, dass die Unterrichtstätigkeit neben dem Studium ein zeitintensives und im Untersuchungsraum sehr verbreitetes Phänomen darstellt, dessen Ausmaß aber je nach Schulstufe und Studienphase differiert. Die Unterrichtstätigkeit steht in negativem Zusammenhang mit der studentischen Kompetenzbilanzierung. Unterrichtende Studierende erleben das Studium jedoch nur eingeschränkt als praxisferner, ihre Erwartungen ans Lehramtsstudium sind nicht instrumenteller im Vergleich zu den Mitstudierenden.
Unitary calculus: model categories and convergence
Authors: Taggart Niall
Published: August 2022

We construct the unitary analogue of orthogonal calculus developed by Weiss, utilising model categories to give a clear description of the intricacies in the equivariance and homotopy theory involved. The subtle differences between real and complex geometry lead to subtle differences between orthogonal and unitary calculus. To address these differences we construct unitary spectra—a variation of orthogonal spectra—as a model for the stable homotopy category. We show through a zig-zag of Quillen equivalences that unitary spectra with an action of the n-th unitary group models the homogeneous part of unitary calculus. We address the issue of convergence of the Taylor tower by introducing weakly polynomial functors, which are similar to weakly analytic functors of Goodwillie but more computationally tractable.
Red cell distribution width, anemia, and lower-extremity physical function among rural-dwelling older adults
Authors: Jiang Ziying , Han Xiaolei , Wang Yongxiang , Hou Tingting , Dong Yi , Han Xiaodong , Welmer Anna-Karin , Launer Lenore J. , Du Yifeng , Qiu Chengxuan
Published: August 2022

Background

Elevated red cell distribution width (RDW) has been associated with degenerative conditions in aging.

Aims

We aimed to evaluate the associations of RDW and anemia with lower-extremity physical function among rural-dwelling older adults.

Methods

This population-based cross-sectional study included 5093 rural residents (age ≥ 60 years, 57.3% women) who participated in the MIND-China Study in Shandong. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews, clinical examinations, and laboratory tests. RDW was categorized according to quartiles and the lower-extremity physical function was assessed using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB),

Results

Multiple linear regression analyses suggested that the fourth quartile of RDW (vs. first quartile) was associated with lower SPPB summary score (β-coefficient – 0.38; 95% CI – 0.58 to – 0.18) and lower scores in balance test (– 0.09; – 0.17 to – 0.01), chair stand test (– 0.17; – 0.27 to – 0.07), and walking speed test (– 0.12; – 0.19 to − 0.05). Anemia was associated with a multiple-adjusted β-coefficient of – 0.34 (– 0.52 to – 0.16) for SPPB summary score. Stratified analysis by anemia showed that there was a linear association between RDW and SPPB in individuals without anemia but a J-shaped association in individuals with anemia.

Discussion

This large-scale population-based study revealed the associations of high RDW and anemia with poor lower-extremity physical function among rural-dwelling Chinese older adults. These findings suggest that an elevated RDW might be a biochemical marker for poor lower-extremity physical function among older adults.

Conclusions

Anemia and an elevated RDW are associated with poor performance in lower-extremity physical function among rural-dwelling Chinese older adults.
The role of thyroid function in female and male infertility: a narrative review
Authors: Mazzilli R. , Medenica S. , Di Tommaso A. M. , Fabozzi G. , Zamponi V. , Cimadomo D. , Rienzi L. , Ubaldi F. M. , Watanabe M. , Faggiano A. , La Vignera S. , Defeudis G.
Published: August 2022

Purpose

We herein aimed to review the new insights into the impact of impaired thyroid function on male and female fertility, spacing from spontaneous pregnancy to ART, with the objective of providing an updated narrative revision of the literature.

Methods

This narrative review was performed for all available prospective, retrospective and review articles, published up to 2021 in PubMed. Data were extracted from the text and from the tables of the manuscript.

Results

Thyroid dysfunction is frequently associated with female infertility, whereas its link with male infertility is debated. Female wise, impaired function is detrimental to obstetric and fetal outcomes both in spontaneous pregnancies and in those achieved thanks to assisted reproduction technologies (ART). Furthermore, the reference range of TSH in natural pregnancy and ART procedures has recently become a matter of debate following recent reports in this field. On the other hand, the impact of thyroid function on the male reproductive system is less clear, although a possible role is suggested via modulation of Sertoli and Leydig cells function and spermatogenesis.

Conclusion

Thyroid function should be carefully monitored in both male and female, in couples seeking spontaneous pregnancy as well as ART, as treatment is generally immediate and likely to improve chances of success.
Salute ossea in corso di trattamento adiuvante anti-ormonale nella patologia oncologica: rischio fratturativo e temporizzazione della terapia
Authors: Pisarro Morena , Conti Francesco
Published: August 2022

Sommario

Le alterazioni della densità ossea e le fratture da fragilità sono frequenti complicanze della terapia ormonale adiuvante in pazienti affetti da carcinoma della mammella e carcinoma prostatico, a causa dell’effetto negativo dell’ipoestrogenismo e della deprivazione androgenica sull’osso. La valutazione del rischio fratturativo in questi pazienti e la corretta gestione delle complicanze ossee dovute alla terapia adiuvante risultano di fondamentale importanza sia per la riduzione degli eventi fratturativi, sia per il miglioramento della qualità della vita.
Artificial intelligence in the long view: from mechanical intelligence to cyber-social systems
Authors: Cope Bill , Kalantzis Mary
Published: August 2022

Artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as a defining technology of our time, a source of fear as often as inspiration. Immersed in its practicalities, rarely do we get to ask the question, what is it? How does it impact our lives? How does it extend our human capacities? What are its risks? What are its limits? This paper is a theoretical and historical overview of the nature of binary computing that underpins AI and its relations with human intelligence. It also considers some philosophical questions about the semiotic or sense-creating work of computers. Our argument proceeds in five steps. We begin with an historical background: since Ada Lovelace, we have wondered about the intelligence of machines capable of computation, and the ways in which machine intelligence can extend human intelligence. Second, we ask, in what ways does binary computing extend human intelligence and delimit the scope of AI? Third, we propose a grammar with which to parse the practical meanings that are enabled with and through binary computing. Through this discussion, we raise the question of ontology as a counter-balance to what we will argue has been an over-emphasis on the instrumental reasoning processes of the algorithm. Fourth, we situate binary computing in the context of broad developments in modern societies which we characterize as a series of systems transitions: from industrial, to informational, to a new phase that we term “cyber-social.” Finally, we explore the risks inherent in a pervasively cyber-social system. These are narrowly captured in the technical domain, “cybersecurity.” We set out to reconceive this problem framework as the location for a potential solution, supplementing analyses of cybersecurity risk with a program of cyber-social trust.
Effective equidistribution of horospherical flows in infinite volume rank-one homogeneous spaces
Authors: TAMAM NATTALIE , WARREN JACQUELINE M.
Published: August 2022

We prove effective equidistribution of horospherical flows in
$\operatorname {SO}(n,1)^{\circ } / \Gamma $
when
$\Gamma $
is geometrically finite and the frame flow is exponentially mixing for the Bowen–Margulis–Sullivan measure. We also discuss settings in which such an exponential mixing result is known to hold. As part of the proof, we show that the Patterson–Sullivan measure satisfies some friendly like properties when
$\Gamma $
is geometrically finite.
On the fully coupled dynamics of flexible fibres dispersed in modulated turbulence
Authors: Olivieri Stefano , Mazzino Andrea , Rosti Marco E.
Published: August 2022

The present work investigates the mechanical behaviour of finite-size, elastic and inertial fibres freely moving in a homogeneous and isotropic turbulent flow at moderate Reynolds number. Four-way coupled, direct numerical simulations, based on a finite difference discretisation and the immersed boundary method, are performed to mutually couple the dynamics of fibres and fluid turbulence, allowing us to account for the backreaction of the dispersed phase to the carrier flow. An extensive parametric study is carried out in zero-gravity condition over the characteristic properties of the suspension, i.e. fibre's linear density (from iso-dense to denser-than-the-fluid fibres), length (from short fibres comparable with the dissipative scale to long fibres comparable with the integral scale) and bending stiffness (from highly flexible to almost rigid fibres), as well as the concentration (from dilute to non-dilute suspensions). Results reveal the existence of a robust turbulence modulation mechanism that is primarily controlled by the mass fraction of the suspension (with only a minor influence of the fibre's bending stiffness), which is characterised in detail by means of a scale-by-scale analysis in Fourier space. Despite such alteration with respect to the single-phase case due to the non-negligible backreaction, fibres experience only two possible flapping states (previously identified in the very dilute condition) while being transported and deformed by the flow. In addition, we show that the maximum curvature obeys different scaling laws that can be derived from the fibre dynamical equation. Finally, we explore the clustering and preferential alignment of fibres within the flow, highlighting the peculiar role of inertia and elasticity.
A probabilistic model for interfaces in a martensitic phase transition
Authors: Cesana Pierluigi , Hambly Ben M.
Published: August 2022

We analyse features of the patterns formed from a simple model for a martensitic phase transition that fragments the unit square into rectangles. This is a fragmentation model that can be encoded by a general branching random walk. An important quantity is the distribution of the lengths of the interfaces in the pattern, and we establish limit theorems for some of the asymptotics of the interface profile. In particular, we are able to use a general branching process to show almost sure power law decay of the number of interfaces of at least a certain size and a general branching random walk to examine the numbers of rectangles of a certain aspect ratio. In doing so we extend a theorem on the growth of the general branching random walk as well as developing results on the tail behaviour of the limiting random variable in our general branching process.
“Nothing to see here”: No structural brain differences as a function of theBig Fivepersonality traits from a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Yen-Wen , Canli Turhan
Published: August 2022

Personality reflects social, affective, and cognitive predispositions that emerge from genetic and environmental influences. Contemporary personality theories conceptualize a Big Five Model of personality based on the traits of neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience. Starting around the turn of the millennium, neuroimaging studies began to investigate functional and structural brain features associated with these traits. Here, we present the first study to systematically evaluate the entire published literature of the association between the Big Five traits and three different measures of brain structure. Qualitative results were highly heterogeneous, and a quantitative meta-analysis did not produce any replicable results. The present study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the literature and its limitations, including sample heterogeneity, Big Five personality instruments, structural image data acquisition, processing, and analytic strategies, and the heterogeneous nature of personality and brain structures. We propose to rethink the biological basis of personality traits and identify ways in which the field of personality neuroscience can be strengthened in its methodological rigor and replicability.
Intergenerational Social Mobility, Political Socialization and Support for the Left under Post-industrial Realignment
Authors: Ares Macarena , van Ditmars Mathilde M.
Published: August 2022

This article investigates how class of origin and intergenerational social mobility impact left-wing party support among new and old core left-wing electorates in the context of post-industrial electoral realignment and occupational transformation. We investigate the remaining legacy of political socialization in class of origin across generations of voters in the UK, Germany and Switzerland. We demonstrate that part of the contemporary middle-class left-wing support is a legacy of socialization under industrial class–party alignments, as many individuals from working-class backgrounds – traditional left-wing constituencies – have a different (post-industrial) class location than their parents. These enduring effects of production worker roots are weaker among younger generations and in more realigned contexts. Our findings imply that exclusively considering respondents' destination class underestimates the relevance of political socialization in class of origin, thereby overestimating electoral realignment. However, these past industrial alignments are currently unparalleled, as newer left-wing constituencies do not (yet) demonstrate similar legacies.
Fluid evolution and ore genesis of Cu–Pb–Zn veins in the Panjiaduan deposit, Great Xing’an Range, NE China: evidence from fluid inclusion and H–O–He–Ar isotopes
Authors: Sun Qing-Fei , Wang Ke-Yong , Sun Feng-Yue , Zhang Miao , Zhao Chen-Guang , Sun Li-Xue
Published: August 2022

The southern Great Xing’an Range (SGXR), located in the eastern segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), is one of the most economically important Cu–Mo–Fe–Sn–Pb–Zn–Ag metallogenic provinces in China. The newly discovered Panjiaduan Cu–Pb–Zn deposit (9.3 Mt; at 1.36% Cu, 2.90% Pb, 3.80% Zn and 38.12 g/t Ag), located in the SE segment of the SGXR, is primarily hosted in fracture zones in volcanic rocks and granodiorite of the Manitu Formation. Four paragenetic stages of metallic mineralization are identified: (I) quartz-pyrite-arsenopyrite; (II) quartz-polymetallic sulphide; (III) quartz-galena-sphalerite-argentite; and (IV) quartz-calcite-minor sulphide. The hydrothermal quartz contains three types of primary fluid inclusion (FIs): vapour-rich two-phase liquid-vapour (LV-type), liquid-rich two-phase liquid-vapour (VL-type) and three-phase liquid-vapour-solid FIs (SL-type). Stages I and II contain all types with homogenization temperatures (Th) of 324–386 °C and 276–334 °C as well as salinities of 0.7–38.0 wt% and 0.9–34.7 wt%, respectively, whereas stage III is composed of VL- and LV-type FIs with Th of 210–269 °C and salinities of 0.5–7.2 wt%. Only VL-type FIs occur in stage IV, with Th of 139–185 °C and salinities of 1.6–4.2 wt%. The δ18OH2O and δD values vary from −15.7 to 2.6‰ and −132.7 to −110.2‰, respectively, indicating predominant meteoric water with an initial magmatic source. The He–Ar isotopic compositions of the pyrite inclusions from the Panjiaduan Cu–Pb–Zn veins suggest that fluids were derived from the crust.
Credit claiming and mayoral preferences for project uptake amid a migrant crisis
Authors: Bello-Gomez Ricardo A. , Avellaneda Claudia N.
Published: August 2022

When considering taking over public projects, executives assess their perceived credit-claiming opportunities against potential blame attribution. The balance of these perceptions may shift under crisis. Meanwhile, the literature has mostly explored project uptake in delegation contexts when decisionmakers hold certain control powers over delegees, but not when such controls are absent. Amid one of the largest migrant crises worldwide, we conducted a survey experiment with 238 sitting Colombian mayors. We explore issue visibility, salience of project beneficiaries, and policy stage (formulation versus implementation) as drivers of mayors’ preferences for project uptake or cession to upper-level governments. Results reveal mayors are less likely to cede implementation to the national government when presented with a more visible project. Neither visibility nor beneficiaries’ salience affects mayoral preferences for project formulation on its own. However, mayors are less likely to delegate both formulation and implementation when beneficiaries are more salient to their constituents.
Mapping parents’ journey following prenatal diagnosis of CHD: a qualitative study
Authors: Harris Kelly W. , Hammack-Aviran Catherine M. , Brelsford Kathleen M. , Kavanaugh-McHugh Ann , Clayton Ellen Wright
Published: August 2022

Objective:

To better understand parents’ accounts of their prenatal and postnatal experience after prenatal diagnosis of CHD – particularly emotional processing and coping mechanisms – to identify strategies to improve support.

Methods:

This single-centre, longitudinal qualitative study included pregnant mothers and their support persons seen in Fetal Cardiology Clinic at Vanderbilt Children’s Hospital from May through August 2019 for probable complex CHD. Twenty-seven individuals from 17 families participated in 62 phone interviews during pregnancy and postpartum: 27 conducted after the initial prenatal cardiology consultation, 15 after a follow-up prenatal visit, and 20 after birth. Applied thematic analysis approach was used to code and analyse transcribed interviews. Coding and codebook revisions occurred iteratively; intercoder reliability was >80%.

Results:

Patients included mothers (16 [59%]), fathers (8 [30%]), and other support persons (3 [11%]). Initial fetal diagnoses included a range of moderate to severe CHD. Prenatally, parents sought to maintain hope while understanding the diagnosis; planning for the future rather than focusing on day-to-day was more common if prognoses were better. Postnatally, with confirmation of prenatal diagnoses, parents’ sense of control expanded, and they desired more active engagement in clinical decision making.

Conclusions:

To enhance effective communication and support, understanding how parents conceptualise hope in relation to diagnosis and how that may evolve over time is critical. Expectant parents whose child has a significant risk of mortality may demonstrate hope by focusing on positivity. As prognostic uncertainty diminishes postpartum, the parental role on the team may shift, requiring clinicians to provide different support.
Emerging trends: Deep nets thrive on scale
Authors: Church Kenneth Ward
Published: August 2022

Deep nets are becoming larger and larger in practice, with no respect for (non)-factors that ought to limit growth including the so-called curse of dimensionality (CoD). Donoho suggested that dimensionality can be a blessing as well as a curse. Current practice in industry is well ahead of theory, but there are some recent theoretical results from Weinan E’s group suggesting that errors may be independent of dimensions$d$. Current practice suggests an even stronger conjecture: deep nets are not merely immune to CoD, but actually, deep nets thrive on scale.
Dose–response relationship between dietary inflammatory index and diabetic kidney disease in US adults
Authors: Wang Yong-Jun , Du Yang , Chen Guo-Qiang , Cheng Zhen-Qian , Liu Xue-Mei , Lian Ying
Published: August 2022

Objective:

The impact of the dietary potential inflammatory effect on diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has not been adequately investigated. The present study aimed to explore the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and DKD in US adults.

Design:

This is a cross-sectional study.

Setting:

Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007–2016) were used. DII was calculated from 24-h dietary recall interviews. DKD was defined as diabetes with albuminuria, impaired glomerular filtration rate or both. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were adopted to evaluate the associations.

Participants:

Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007–2016) were used, which can provide the information of participants.

Results:

Four thousand two-hundred and sixty-four participants were included in this study. The adjusted OR of DKD was 1·04 (95 % CI 0·81, 1·36) for quartile 2, 1·24 (95 % CI 0·97, 1·59) for quartile 3 and 1·64 (95 % CI 1·24, 2·17) for quartile 4, respectively, compared with the quartile 1 of DII. A linear dose–response pattern was observed between DII and DKD (Pnonlinearity= 0·73). In the stratified analyses, the OR for quartile 4 of DII were significant among adults with higher educational level (OR 1·83, 95 % CI 1·26, 2·66) and overweight or obese participants (OR 1·67, 95 % CI 1·23, 2·28), but not among the corresponding another subgroup. The interaction effects between DII and stratified factors on DKD were not statistically significant (allPvalues for interactions were >0·05).

Conclusions:

Our findings suggest that a pro-inflammatory diet, shown by a higher DII score, is associated with increased odd of DKD.
Size and characteristics of family caregiving for people with serious illness: A population-based survey
Authors: Van Goethem Vincent , Dierickx Sigrid , Deliens Luc , De Vleminck Aline , Lapeire Lore , Cohen Joachim
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Family caregivers play a vital role in care for people with serious illness. Reliable population-level information on family caregiving is scarce. We describe the socio-demographic and family caregiving characteristics and experiences of family caregivers of people with serious illness in the adult population.

Method

We performed a secondary analysis of the cross-sectional population-based 19th Social-Cultural Changes survey. A random sample of 2,581 Dutch-speaking people aged 18–95, living in Flanders or Brussels, were contacted for participation in the survey between March and July 2014 using a stratified two-step sample. Differences between groups are described using Pearson chi-square tests and analysis of variance.

Results

Response rate was 58.7% (1,515/2,581). Over a 12-month period, 7.6% of respondents provided family care for someone with a serious illness (n = 114). They were most often aged 55–74 (36.0%), women (57.9%), worked full-time (42.3%); 31.8% provided at least 10 h of family care each week. Family caregivers of people with serious illness, compared with family caregivers of people with other conditions, provided more medical and nursing care (33.3% vs. 22.5%, p = 0.027), and experienced a higher burden of family caregiving (p = 0.038) but a similarly high meaningfulness of family caregiving.

Significance of results

A considerable part of the adult working population provides family care for someone with serious illness. While family caregiving for someone with serious illness shows similarities with family caregiving for people with other conditions in terms of caregiver characteristics and the impact of caregiving on work-life balance and the meaning derived from it, it is also associated with increased burden.
From immigration over redistributive attitudes to welfare spending. The moderating role of social program design
Authors: Röth Leonce , Spies Dennis , Schmidt-Catran Alexander
Published: August 2022

Whereas individual-level studies find that encompassing welfare states might in general be incompatible with large-scale immigration, studies on welfare spending find inconclusive results. We address this puzzle by pointing to the moderating role of social program design. We separate programs according to their degree of natives’ interest based on coverage, generosity and stratification characteristics for the social areas of unemployment, sickness/disability, and pensions for 18 OECD countries. We then test the moderating effect of natives’ interest on the impact of immigration on individual support for social spending and actual social spending in the three areas. Our results indicate that programs do react to immigration by decreasing support and budgets when natives’ interest is low, whereas programs where the interest of natives is high tend to increase individual support and spending.
Food Addiction und Alkoholkonsum vor Adipositaschirurgie
Authors: A. Thomas Tobias , Pommnitz Melanie , Tilk Katja , Meyer Günther , P. Hüttl Thomas , de Zwaan Martina , Müller Astrid
Published: August 2022

Zusammenfassung: Zielsetzung: Bei Personen vor Adipositaschirurgie wurden die Prävalenzen von Food Addiction (FA), alkoholbezogener Störung, Angst- und depressiven Störungen geschätzt. Zudem wurde untersucht, ob FA-Symptome mit Alkoholkonsum, Lebensqualität sowie Essstörungs-, Angst- und Depressionssymptomatik assoziiert sind und ob es Unterschiede zwischen Personen mit und ohne FA in diesen Variablen gibt. Methodik: Bei 419 Personen mit Adipositas wurden FA, Alkoholkonsum, gewichtsbezogene Lebensqualität, Essstörungs-, Angst- und Depressionssymptomatik mit validierten Fragebögen erfasst. Unterschiede in den psychopathologischen Variablen zwischen Patient_innen mit und ohne FA wurden mit non-parametrischen Verfahren untersucht. Ergebnisse: Die geschätzten Prävalenzen von riskantem Alkoholkonsum (11 %) und alkoholbezogener Störung (5 %) waren in der aktuellen Stichprobe geringer als in bevölkerungsbasierten Stichproben, die geschätzten Prävalenzen von Food Addiction (38 %), Essstörungen (79 %), Depression (30 %) und Angststörungen (24 %) hingegen deutlich höher. FA-Symptome waren nicht mit Alkoholkonsum und gewichtsbezogener Lebensqualität assoziiert. Hingegen zeigten sich positive Korrelationen von FA-Symptomen mit globaler Essstörungspathologie, Depressions- und Angstsymptomatik. Es zeigten sich keine Unterschiede zwischen Personen mit/ohne FA hinsichtlich der Häufigkeit von früherem oder aktuellem riskanten Alkoholkonsum oder alkoholbezogener Störung. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Ergebnisse bestätigen frühere Befunde eines fehlenden Zusammenhangs von FA mit Alkoholkonsum bei Menschen vor chirurgischer Adipositasbehandlung. Längsschnittstudien mit großen Stichproben und langfristigen Follow-Ups sollten eine etwaige postoperative Symptomverlagerung von FA zu Substanzkonsum untersuchen.
Neurale Reizreaktivität bei Adipositas
Authors: Bach Patrick , Kiefer Falk
Published: August 2022

Zusammenfassung: Ziel: Adipositas ist hochprävalent und mit einer Reihe von Folgeerkrankungen und einem erhöhten Mortalitätsrisiko assoziiert. Die Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung der Adipositas wurde dabei mit einer veränderten Reaktion auf Nahrungsmittelreize, der sogenannten Reizreaktivität, in Verbindung gebracht. Die funktionelle Kernspintomographie stellt ein innovatives Verfahren zur Untersuchung der neurobiologischen Grundlage der Reizreaktivität auf Nahrungsmittelreize dar und ermöglicht zudem eine Prüfung der Zusammenhänge der neuralen Reizreaktivtät mit der klinisch beobachteten Symptomatik und erlaubt es zudem Parallelen zu Abhängigkeitserkrankungen zu untersuchen. Methode, Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerungen: In diesem narrativen Review werden die Befunde zur neuralen Reizreaktivität auf Nahrungsmittelreize sowie deren Zusammenhang mit Essverhalten und dem Erfolg gewichtsreduzierender Maßnahmen zusammenfassend dargestellt und ebenso Befunde zu Determinanten der neuralen Reizreaktivität erörtert. Darüber hinaus werden die Limitationen der bisherigen Studien und der genutzten Bildgebungs-Methodik diskutiert.
The More You Watch, the More You Get?
Authors: Wirz Dominique S. , Möri Michelle , Ort Alexander , Cordeiro José A. , Castro Deborah , Fahr Andreas
Published: August 2022

Abstract: It is a popular notion that binge-watching – watching several episodes of a TV show in one sitting – enhances entertainment experiences compared to watching singular episodes. However, empirical results are contradictory, and the assumption of such effects is not well founded in theory. We thus re-examined this claim with an experiment ( n = 80) and a field study using tracking data ( n = 47). In the experiment, binge-watching had slightly negative effects on transportation, hedonic entertainment, and valence, but a positive effect on arousal. In the field study, there were no differences between the two viewing modes. We thus conclude that binge-watching per se does not affect the entertainment experience. This finding aligns with other recent research showing that binge-watching does not differ much from conventional and low-intensity media use and thus calls into question the usefulness of defining binge-watching solely based on the number of episodes in one sitting.
Relations of Enhanced High‐Latitude Concurrent Blockings With Recent Warm Arctic‐Cold Continent Patterns
Authors: Zhao Liang , Dong Wei , Dong Xuefeng , Nie Suping , Shen Xinyong , Xiao Ziniu
Published: August 2022

A warm Arctic‐cold continent (WACC) pattern has been one of the main characteristics of the Northern Hemisphere (NH) climate variability in winter during the last two decades. However, the factors contributing this pattern remain unclear. We compared the two leading modes of surface temperature in the NH winter on an interdecadal timescale and explored the role of high‐latitude concurrent blockings (HCBs) and the Arctic oscillation (AO) in these two modes. Results show that the first mode resembling the WACC pattern is more related to enhanced HCBs over the Ural Mountains and the North Pacific than the AO. The HCBs induce a warmer Arctic by simultaneously transporting large amounts of moisture and heat. The HCBs excite a tropospheric anticyclonic anomaly near the Arctic Circle, which, in turn, triggers anomalies in the propagation of planetary waves and the meridional circulation, with a subsequent redistribution of momentum and heat. This is accompanied by a weak polar night jet and a poleward shift in the subtropical westerly jet, resulting in mild cold mid‐latitude continents. The second mode represents the AO pattern, which has a different mechanism from WACC. The high‐pressure anomaly over the North Pacific has played an increasingly important part in the WACC mode in recent decades and the WACC pattern with HCBs is more easily reproduced in simulations with human activity. HCBs therefore require further consideration under the current and future conditions of global warming.
Particle‐Phase Uptake and Chemistry of Highly Oxygenated Organic Molecules (HOMs) From α‐Pinene OH Oxidation
Authors: Poulain L. , Tilgner A. , Brüggemann M. , Mettke P. , He L. , Anders J. , Böge O. , Mutzel A. , Herrmann H.
Published: August 2022

Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) forms a major part of the tropospheric submicron particle mass. Still, the exact formation mechanisms of SOA have remained elusive. It is now admitted that highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) can contribute to a large fraction of SOA formation. In this study, we performed a set of chamber experiments to investigate the SOA formation, and the HOMs uptake and processing directly formed by OH‐radical initiated oxidation of α‐pinene under two different aerosol seed conditions. Numerous HOM compounds were identified using advanced online and offline analytical techniques, and grouped into four classes according to their different uptake behaviors. For the first time, individual HOMs uptake coefficients ranging from 1.1 × 10−2 to 1.5 × 10−1 were experimentally determined and analyzed using a resistance model which considers uptake limitations by individual gas‐ and/or particle‐phase processes. This study demonstrates that the uptake coefficients of HOMs strongly depend on their molar mass and their respective O/C ratio. Results show that aerosol seed composition and phase state affect the initial uptake of HOMs. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that the acidity and/or different seed phase‐state can significantly enhance the subsequent uptake through occurring acidity‐driven reactions reflected in a reactive behavior, particularly under (NH4)HSO4 seed conditions, promoting up to 3 times a higher SOA mass formation including the formation of highly oxidized organosulfates (HOOS). Overall, the present study implies that HOMs and their subsequent chemical processing can play an important role in both the early growth of newly formed particles and SOA formation when particle acidity is high.