bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Associations of Maternal and Paternal Blood Pressure Patterns and Hypertensive Disorders during Pregnancy with Childhood Blood Pressure
Authors: Miliku Kozeta , Bergen Nienke E. , Bakker Hanneke , Hofman Albert , Steegers Eric A. P. , Gaillard Romy , Jaddoe Vincent W. V.
Published: October 2016

Background

Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy may affect the cardiovascular risk of offspring. We examined the associations of maternal blood pressure throughout pregnancy and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy with childhood blood pressure of offspring. Specific focus was on the comparison with paternal blood pressure effects, the identification of critical periods, and the role of birth outcomes and childhood body mass index in the observed associations.

Methods and Results

This study was embedded in a population‐based prospective cohort study among 5310 mothers and fathers and their children. We measured maternal blood pressure in each trimester of pregnancy and paternal blood pressure once. Information about hypertensive disorders in pregnancy was obtained from medical records. We measured childhood blood pressure at the median age of 6.0 years (95% range 5.7–8.0 years). Both maternal and paternal blood pressure were positively associated with childhood blood pressure (all
P
<0.05), with similar effect estimates. Conditional regression analyses showed that early, mid‐, and late‐pregnancy maternal blood pressure levels were all independent and positively associated with childhood blood pressure, with the strongest effect estimates for early pregnancy. Compared with children of mothers without hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, children of mothers with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy had higher diastolic blood pressure by a standard deviation score of 0.13 (95% CI 0.05–0.21). The observed associations were not materially affected by birth outcomes and childhood body mass index.

Conclusions

Both maternal and paternal blood pressure affects childhood blood pressure, independent of fetal and childhood growth measures, with the strongest effect of maternal blood pressure in early pregnancy.
manifestus error? Falsches Zitieren und literarische Kommunikation (zu Gel. 15.6)
Authors: Tischer Ute
Published: October 2016

Abstract

This paper examines a statement of Aulus Gellius about a misleading attribution in Cicero’s De gloria to explore the conditions and possibilities of misquotation in an ancient text. To do this, it draws on the conversational maxims of Paul Grice and analyzes the modern solutions presented for the passage as well as the opinions Gellius implicitly expresses. Its thesis is that the interpretation of misquotations, both ancient and modern, follows similar principles and is determined by assumptions of intention made by the interpreter. It will be argued that Gellius’ way of presenting the misquotation is a rhetorical strategy to provoke critical consideration of quotations by the recipient.
Odysseus as Storyteller
Authors: Zekas Christodoulos
Published: October 2016

The scene in which Helius requires that Zeus avenge the slaughter of his sacred cattle is a unique case among the divine dialogues in Homeric epic. Its distinctiveness can be attributed to the fact that the demanding tone of the request, and the direct reply it receives, depart significantly from the communicative mode found in the other speech exchanges between the gods, principally in theOdyssey, but also in theIliad. I argue that this variation is intrinsically associated with the special narrative circumstances of the scene as reported by Odysseus, who as a human lacks the (precise) knowledge of divine discourse.
An Arrested Community: Christians of the Girdle in Fifteenth-Century Barcelona
Authors: Duran Duelt Daniel
Published: October 2016

In the early fifteenth-century a group of Christians of the Girdle—Eastern Christians coming from Syria—arrived in Barcelona. In the first decades of their presence in the city they acted as a group, living in the same quarter, adopting a policy of endogamous marriages and establishing a brotherhood. But a marked improvement in economic conditions of the newcomers and their descendants, as well as an expansion of their social relationship networks, marked the end of the strong cohesion. It seems, then, that the experience of the Christians of the Girdle must be interpreted primarily as a strategy for survival in the new social environment of Barcelona rather than a deliberate policy of exclusive cultural identity with a view to reproduction of a specific cultural, linguistic, and religious model.
A new species of Mesovelia (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha: Mesoveliidae) from South America, with identification key and notes on Colombian species
Authors: FLORIANO CARLA FERNANDA BURGUEZ , MOREIRA FELIPE FERRAZ FIGUEIREDO , BISPO PITÁGORAS DA CONCEIÇÃO , MORALES IRINA , MOLANO-RENDÓN FREDY
Published: October 2016

Mesovelia tuberculata sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on material from the Pacific Region of Colombia. It can be recognized by the following characters of the male: mesofemur without a row of spinules; posterior margin of abdominal tergum VIII with a weak notch; abdominal pleuron VIII with an anterodorsal tubercle; abdominal sternum VI with the posteromedian projection rounded and fringed with black spinules; and paramere with margins converging and apex single. In addition, we present data concerning M. zeteki Harris & Drake and M. mulsanti White, and an identification key to species of Mesoveliidae from Colombia.
Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, severe mood dysregulation and chronic irritability in youth at high familial risk of bipolar disorder
Authors: Perich Tania , Frankland Andrew , Roberts Gloria , Levy Florence , Lenroot Rhoshel , Mitchell Philip B
Published: October 2016

Objective:

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder is a newly proposed childhood disorder included in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition to describe children ⩽18 years of age with chronic irritability/temper outbursts. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, severe mood dysregulation and chronic irritability in an Australian study of young people at increased familial risk of developing bipolar disorder (‘HR’ group) and controls (‘CON’ group).

Methods:

A total of 242 12- to 30-year-old HR or CON subjects were administered the severe mood dysregulation module. Of these, 42 were aged ⩽18 years at the time of assessment, with 29 subjects in the HR group and 13 in the CON group.

Results:

No subjects ⩽18 years – in either group – fulfilled current or lifetime criteria for disruptive mood dysregulation disorder or severe mood dysregulation, the precursor to disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. Similarly, no subjects in either group endorsed the severe mood dysregulation/disruptive mood dysregulation disorder criteria for irritable mood or marked excessive reactivity. One HR participant endorsed three severe mood dysregulation criteria (distractibility, physical restlessness and intrusiveness), while none of the comparison subjects endorsed any criteria. Exploratory studies of the broader 12- to 30-year-old sample similarly found no subjects with severe mood dysregulation/disruptive mood dysregulation disorder in either the HR or CON group and no increased rates of chronic irritability, although significantly more HR subjects reported at least one severe mood dysregulation/disruptive mood dysregulation disorder criterion (likelihood ratio = 6.17; p = 0.013); most of the reported criteria were severe mood dysregulation ‘chronic hyper-arousal’ symptoms.

Conclusion:

This study comprises one of the few non-US reports on the prevalence of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder and severe mood dysregulation and is the first non-US study of the prevalence of these conditions in a high-risk bipolar disorder sample. The failure to replicate the finding of higher rates of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder and chronic irritability in high-risk offspring suggests that these are not robust precursors of bipolar disorder.
A Bifactor Approach to Model Multifaceted Constructs in Statistical Mediation Analysis
Authors: Gonzalez Oscar , MacKinnon David P.
Published: October 2016

Statistical mediation analysis allows researchers to identify the most important mediating constructs in the causal process studied. Identifying specific mediators is especially relevant when the hypothesized mediating construct consists of multiple related facets. The general definition of the construct and its facets might relate differently to an outcome. However, current methods do not allow researchers to study the relationships between general and specific aspects of a construct to an outcome simultaneously. This study proposes a bifactor measurement model for the mediating construct as a way to parse variance and represent the general aspect and specific facets of a construct simultaneously. Monte Carlo simulation results are presented to help determine the properties of mediated effect estimation when the mediator has a bifactor structure and a specific facet of a construct is the true mediator. This study also investigates the conditions when researchers can detect the mediated effect when the multidimensionality of the mediator is ignored and treated as unidimensional. Simulation results indicated that the mediation model with a bifactor mediator measurement model had unbiased and adequate power to detect the mediated effect with a sample size greater than 500 and medium a- and b-paths. Also, results indicate that parameter bias and detection of the mediated effect in both the data-generating model and the misspecified model varies as a function of the amount of facet variance represented in the mediation model. This study contributes to the largely unexplored area of measurement issues in statistical mediation analysis.
Image analysis for seam-puckering evaluation
Authors: Pan Ruru , Gao Weidong , Li Wei , Xu Bugao
Published: October 2016

Seam puckering is often considered an undesirable wrinkling appearance along a seamline, and is a problem that concerns fabric, sewing machine and sewing thread manufacturers. Until now, the standardized evaluation method for seam-puckering grading is still a visual-based, subjective method. This research project was aimed at developing a computer-vision system for automatic seam-puckering evaluation to improve the consistency and efficiency of grading. Fabric seam images were captured by a customized image acquisition system, and the seam images and the optimal image parameters, such as length and width, were determined according to the results of human inspection. The seamline was located with edge detection and Hough transform techniques. After rotating and cropping the image, the projection profile was then obtained and smoothed with the locally scatter-plot smoothing (LOESS) algorithm. Five characteristic features were extracted from the smoothed profile. Finally, an artificial neural network classifier was created to realize the automatic assessment of the seam-puckering grade. The experimental results proved that the proposed system can achieve accurate seam-puckering grades, and has the potential to replace the current manual evaluation.
Predictive Success and Non-Individualist Models in Social Science
Authors: Lauer Richard
Published: October 2016

The predictive inadequacy of the social sciences is well documented, and philosophers have sought to diagnose it. This paper examines Brian Epstein’s recent diagnosis. He argues that the social sciences treat the social world as entirely composed of individual people. Instead, social scientists should recognize that material, non-individualistic entities determine the social world, as well. First, I argue that Epstein’s argument both begs the question against his opponents and is not sufficiently charitable. Second, I present doubts that his proposal will improve predictive success for the social sciences, which I support with Edith Penrose’s resource-based theory of the firm.
Learning datives: The Tolerance Principle in monolingual and bilingual acquisition
Authors: Yang Charles , Montrul Silvina
Published: October 2016

We study the learnability problem concerning the dative alternations in English (Baker, 1979; Pinker, 1989). We consider how first language learners productively apply the double-object and to-dative constructions ( give the book to library/ give the library the book), while excluding negative exceptions ( donate the book to the library/* donate the library the book). Our solution for first language acquisition is based on The Tolerance Principle, a formal model that detects productivity from the distributional properties of the input data (Yang, 2005, 2016). This principle predicts an acquisition stage where the constructions are productive, followed by a stage where learners retreat from overgeneralization and form more finely grained rules. This work calls for a formally rigorous model of acquisition, which can incorporate input effects and retain the benefits of an abstract generative grammar without resorting to piecemeal learning. We provide an analysis of child-directed speech in the CHILDES database to support the learning proposal for first language acquisition, while considering its potential applicability to second language (L2) acquisition and first language (L1) attrition.
Variability in stream ecosystem response to urbanization
Authors: Walsh Christopher J. , Fletcher Tim D. , Vietz Geoff J.
Published: October 2016

The geomorphic and ecological degradation of streams resulting from urbanization is well recognized. Recent reviews have hypothesized variability in ecological response to urbanization among stream types and among regions with varying climate and catchment soil and geology. Testing such hypotheses will be aided by the use of consistent metrics of the primary processes that drive urban-induced degradation of streams. We thus developed an urban typology distinguishing the common classes of urban land and water management that are hypothesized to have different effects on stream ecosystems. In developing the typology, we identify and emphasize the importance of step changes (thresholds) in the hydrologic consequences of urbanization, the often-unrecognized massive increase in drainage density of urban catchments, the difficulty in setting reference condition for many cities and the resulting difficulties in comparing responses to urbanization among cities. We critically assess the evidence for variability in responses to urbanization and its causes, and conclude that there are few studies demonstrating intra- or inter-regional differences in response to urbanization that have adequately accounted for the influence of potential differences in urban land and water management. We use the urban typology to propose metrics to allow such accounting, which we argue is necessary to advance management for stream protection and restoration.
Hypertonia Assessment Tool
Authors: Marsico Petra , Frontzek-Weps Victoria , Balzer Julia , van Hedel Hubertus J. A.
Published: October 2016

The Hypertonia Assessment Tool is a 7-item instrument that discriminates spasticity, dystonia, and rigidity on 3 levels: item scores, subtype, and hypertonia diagnosis for each extremity. We quantified the inter- and intrarater reliability using Kappa statistics, Gwet’s first-order agreement coefficient (both with 95% confidence interval), and percentage agreement for all levels. For validity, we compared the Hypertonia Assessment Tool subtype with the clinical diagnosis provided by the physicians. Two physiotherapists tested 45 children with neuromotor disorders. The interrater reliability (n = 45) of the Hypertonia Assessment Tool subtype was moderate to substantial whereas the intrarater reliability (n = 42) was almost perfect. The Hypertonia Assessment Tool showed good agreement in detecting spasticity. On the contrary, there was a higher presence of dystonia of 24% to 25% tested with the Hypertonia Assessment Tool compared to the clinical diagnosis. Even some individual items showed lower agreement between raters; the Hypertonia Assessment Tool subtypes and diagnosis were reliable. Validity of the Hypertonia Assessment Tool to test spasticity is confirmed, whereas, for dystonia and rigidity, further studies are needed.
A Clinical Protocol for Goal Directed Cerebral Perfusion during Aortic Arch Surgery
Authors: Mosca Matthew S. , Justison George , Reece T. Brett
Published: October 2016

Objective: The optimal strategy to deliver antegrade cerebral perfusion for cerebral protection during hypothermic circulatory arrest has not been established. The purpose of this review was to present our current clinical protocol utilizing selective antegrade cerebral perfusion during aortic arch surgery and to compare it to other published experience. Clinical Protocol: Since 2013, our clinical protocol for aortic arch surgery has evolved to using selective antegrade cerebral perfusion via the innominate artery, moderate hypothermia, and ancillary strategies such as goal-directed perfusion (GDP). Other published techniques favored antegrade cerebral perfusion but were limited by smaller cannulae, multiple cannulation sites, and lower cooling temperatures. Conclusion: Our clinical protocol may offer higher flow rates, avoid complications associated with additional cannulae, and provide an easy setup for dual arterial perfusion. Additionally, GDP has enhanced our understanding of metabolic physiology and may facilitate the development of a better cerebral protection strategy.
Proud to Stay or Too Proud to Stay? How Pride in Personal Performance Develops and How It Affects Turnover Intentions
Authors: Kraemer Tobias , Gouthier Matthias H. J. , Heidenreich Sven
Published: October 2016

Although a considerable amount of research has been devoted to the formation of turnover intentions, the influence of pride in personal performance (PP), which is one of the most frequently felt workplace emotions, has been largely neglected. Employing a three-stage study design, this article explores how PP develops and how it affects turnover intentions among frontline employees. First, relying on affective events theory, a prestudy that employs a qualitative diary approach was performed to empirically identify work events that are the primary causes of PP. The prestudy was followed by Study 1, which applied a quantitative research design to determine which job characteristics promote these events. Finally, Study 2 utilized three-wave panel data of frontline employees to investigate the effects of PP on turnover intentions. The findings of the latter study confirm that PP triggers two processes that contrarily affect turnover intentions: (1) PP enhances job satisfaction, which decreases turnover intentions, and (2) PP increases self-efficacy, which enhances turnover intentions. However, further analyses reveal that the latter effect is not relevant for highly satisfied employees and that overall, increasing PP results in decreasing turnover intentions, suggesting that companies should foster PP to retain their frontline employees.
‘It’s personal to me’: A qualitative study of depression in young people with CFS/ME
Authors: Taylor Anna K , Loades Maria , Brigden Amberly LC , Collin Simon M , Crawley Esther
Published: October 2016

Background:

Paediatric chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) has a prevalence of 0.4–2.4% and is defined as ‘generalised disabling fatigue persisting after routine tests and investigations have failed to identify an obvious underlying cause’. One-third of young people with CFS/ME have probable depression. Little is known about why depression develops, the relationship between depression and CFS/ME, or what treatment might be helpful.

Methods:

We conducted nine semi-structured interviews with young people with CFS/ME (aged 13–17 years, 8/9 female) and probable depression, covering perceived causes of depression, the relationship between CFS/ME and depression, and treatment strategies.

Results:

Most thought CFS/ME caused depression. Many discussed a cyclical relationship: low mood made CFS/ME worse. A sense of loss was common. CFS/ME restricted activities participants valued and changed systemic structures, causing depression. There was no single helpful treatment approach. Individualised approaches using combinations of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), medication, activity management and other strategies were described.

Conclusion:

This study suggests that depression may be secondary to CFS/ME in young people because of the impact of CFS/ME on quality of life. Clinicians treating young people with CFS/ME need to consider strategies to prevent development of depression, and research is needed into approaches that are effective in treating CFS/ME with co-morbid depression.
Trivializing violence: Marginalized youth narrating everyday violence
Authors: Henriksen Ann-Karina , Bengtsson Tea Torbenfeldt
Published: October 2016

This article analyzes narratives of violence based on interviews with 43 marginalized young Danish people. Their narratives reveal that violence is not only experienced as singular, dramatic encounters; violence is also trivialized in their everyday lives. By drawing on anthropological perspectives on everyday violence, we propose a sensitizing framework that enables the exploration of trivialized violence. This framework integrates three perspectives on the process of trivialization: the accumulation of violence; the embodiment of violence; and the temporal and spatial entanglement of violence. This analysis shows how multiple experiences of violence—as victim, witness, or perpetrator—intersect and mutually inform each other, thereby shaping the everyday lives and dispositions of the marginalized youth. The concept of trivialized violence is a theoretical contribution to cultural and narrative criminology research concerned with the everyday experiences of living with violence.
Midterm Outcome of Mechanochemical Endovenous Ablation for the Treatment of Great Saphenous Vein Insufficiency
Authors: Witte Marianne E. , Holewijn Suzanne , van Eekeren Ramon R. , de Vries Jean-Paul , Zeebregts Clark J. , Reijnen Michel M. P. J.
Published: October 2016

Purpose: To report the midterm results of mechanochemical ablation (MOCA) for treating great saphenous vein (GSV) insufficiency. Methods: In a 1-year period, 85 consecutive patients (median age 51.4 years; 71 women) undergoing MOCA with polidocanol in 104 limbs were enrolled in a prospective registry. The patients were evaluated at baseline and during follow-up (4 weeks and 1, 2, and 3 years) using duplex ultrasound, the CEAP (clinical, etiologic, anatomic and pathophysiologic) classification, the Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS), the RAND Short Form 36-Item Health Survey (RAND-SF36), and the Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaire (AVVQ). Primary outcome measures were clinical and anatomic success. Secondary outcome measures included general and disease-specific quality of life and reinterventions. Results: Technical success (99%) was achieved in all but 1 patient in whom technical problems with the device led to conversion to another method for treatment of 2 limbs. After a median follow-up of 36 months (interquartile range 12.5, 46.3), recanalization occurred in 15 (15%) of 102 successfully treated vein segments. Anatomic success was 92%, 90%, and 87% after 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively. The VCSS improved at all time intervals compared to the preprocedure median. The clinical success at 3 years was 83%. The AVVQ and RAND-SF36 scores showed an improvement at all time intervals compared to baseline values. Between 12 and 36 months, however, a significant deterioration was observed in VCSS, which was accompanied by worsening of disease-specific and general quality of life. Conclusion: In the longest follow-up of MOCA to date, this study shows MOCA to be an effective treatment modality for GSV insufficiency at midterm follow-up, but clinical results seem to drop over time.
The Unheard, Unseen, and Often Forgotten
Authors: Procknow Greg , Rocco Tonette S.
Published: October 2016

This structured literature review explores disability issues in human resource development (HRD) to ascertain what research exists and suggest future research. This review identifies the work related to disability issues published in the Academy of Human Resource Development (AHRD) proceedings and the four journals. HRD scholarship, germane to our discussion of disability, has focused on organizational entry barriers, organizational post-entry barriers, career development (CD) and advancement, workplace training for disability inclusiveness, workplace training for disabled employees, and harassment, discrimination, and allegations of discharge-related discrimination.
Reinterpreting the authority of heads
Authors: Higham Rupert , Booth Tony
Published: October 2016

To what extent can heads use an inclusive values-led approach to school development in the face of pressures from Ofsted and their Local Authority to focus almost exclusively on attainment outcomes? We explore leadership of school improvement in a qualitative study of 10 head teachers in the English county of ‘Preshire’, who worked with the third edition of the Index for Inclusion, (Booth and Ainscow 2011), a guide to values-led school improvement. We situate the study within a review of conflicting research advice about the characteristics of successful heads and how ‘values’, seen as motives for action, affect the recommendations from research.

We found that the heads were able to use shared inclusive values to accomplish, with their staff, a degree of control over the way their schools are improved. To an extent they were able to resist extreme local pressures to engage in short term strategies to force up attainments. By making their inclusive values explicit they showed courage rather than compliance. To varying degrees they used ‘the Index’ to create inclusive, democratic and sustainable school improvement plans while conforming to Ofsted requirements. We consider the possibilities for more widespread implementation of school development led by inclusive values.
HSP90 inhibition overcomes ibrutinib resistance in mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Jacobson Caron , Kopp Nadja , Layer Jacob V. , Redd Robert A. , Tschuri Sebastian , Haebe Sarah , van Bodegom Diederik , Bird Liat , Christie Amanda L. , Christodoulou Alexandra , Saur Amy , Tivey Trevor , Zapf Stefanie , Bararia Deepak , Zimber-Strobl Ursula , Rodig Scott J. , Weigert Oliver , Weinstock David M.
Published: October 2016

Key Points

Inhibition of HSP90 targets multiple dependences in mantle cell lymphoma. Clinically available HSP90 inhibitors overcome ibrutinib resistance in vitro and in vivo.
A new molecular link between defective autophagy and erythroid abnormalities in chorea-acanthocytosis
Authors: Lupo Francesca , Tibaldi Elena , Matte Alessandro , Sharma Alok K. , Brunati Anna Maria , Alper Seth L. , Zancanaro Carlo , Benati Donatella , Siciliano Angela , Bertoldi Mariarita , Zonta Francesca , Storch Alexander , Walker Ruth H. , Danek Adrian , Bader Benedikt , Hermann Andreas , De Franceschi Lucia
Published: October 2016

Key Points

In chorea-acanthocytosis, spiculated red cells are characterized by heightened Lyn kinase activity and dysregulated autophagy. Regulation of protein turnover by autophagy plays a key role in erythropoiesis and red cell integrity.
More comprehensive forensic genetic marker analyses for accurate human remains identification using massively parallel DNA sequencing
Authors: Ambers Angie D. , Churchill Jennifer D. , King Jonathan L. , Stoljarova Monika , Gill-King Harrell , Assidi Mourad , Abu-Elmagd Muhammad , Buhmeida Abdelbaset , Budowle Bruce
Published: October 2016

Background

Although the primary objective of forensic DNA analyses of unidentified human remains is positive identification, cases involving historical or archaeological skeletal remains often lack reference samples for comparison. Massively parallel sequencing (MPS) offers an opportunity to provide biometric data in such cases, and these cases provide valuable data on the feasibility of applying MPS for characterization of modern forensic casework samples. In this study, MPS was used to characterize 140-year-old human skeletal remains discovered at a historical site in Deadwood, South Dakota, United States. The remains were in an unmarked grave and there were no records or other metadata available regarding the identity of the individual. Due to the high throughput of MPS, a variety of biometric markers could be typed using a single sample.

Results

Using MPS and suitable forensic genetic markers, more relevant information could be obtained from a limited quantity and quality sample. Results were obtained for 25/26 Y-STRs, 34/34 Y SNPs, 166/166 ancestry-informative SNPs, 24/24 phenotype-informative SNPs, 102/102 human identity SNPs, 27/29 autosomal STRs (plus amelogenin), and 4/8 X-STRs (as well as ten regions of mtDNA). The Y-chromosome (Y-STR, Y-SNP) and mtDNA profiles of the unidentified skeletal remains are consistent with the R1b and H1 haplogroups, respectively. Both of these haplogroups are the most common haplogroups in Western Europe. Ancestry-informative SNP analysis also supported European ancestry. The genetic results are consistent with anthropological findings that the remains belong to a male of European ancestry (Caucasian). Phenotype-informative SNP data provided strong support that the individual had light red hair and brown eyes.

Conclusions

This study is among the first to genetically characterize historical human remains with forensic genetic marker kits specifically designed for MPS. The outcome demonstrates that substantially more genetic information can be obtained from the same initial quantities of DNA as that of current CE-based analyses.
Heterotypic interactions regulate cell shape and density during color pattern formation in zebrafish
Authors: Mahalwar Prateek , Singh Ajeet Pratap , Fadeev Andrey , Nüsslein-Volhard Christiane , Irion Uwe
Published: October 2016

The conspicuous striped coloration of zebrafish is produced by cell-cell interactions among three different types of chromatophores: black melanophores, orange/yellow xanthophores and silvery/blue iridophores. During color pattern formation xanthophores undergo dramatic cell shape transitions and acquire different densities, leading to compact and orange xanthophores at high density in the light stripes, and stellate, faintly pigmented xanthophores at low density in the dark stripes. Here, we investigate the mechanistic basis of these cell behaviors in vivo, and show that local, heterotypic interactions with dense iridophores regulate xanthophore cell shape transition and density. Genetic analysis reveals a cell-autonomous requirement of gap junctions composed of Cx41.8 and Cx39.4 in xanthophores for their iridophore-dependent cell shape transition and increase in density in light-stripe regions. Initial melanophore-xanthophore interactions are independent of these gap junctions; however, subsequently they are also required to induce the acquisition of stellate shapes in xanthophores of the dark stripes. In summary, we conclude that, whereas homotypic interactions regulate xanthophore coverage in the skin, their cell shape transitions and density is regulated by gap junction-mediated, heterotypic interactions with iridophores and melanophores.
Impact damage and repair in shells of the limpet Patella vulgata
Authors: Taylor David
Published: October 2016

Experiments and observations were carried out to investigate the response to impact of the shells of the limpet Patella vulgata. Dropped-weight impact tests were conducted, creating damage which usually took the form of a hole in the shell's apex. Similar damage was found to occur naturally, presumably as a result of stones propelled by the sea during storms. Apex holes were usually fatal, but small holes were sometimes repaired, and the repaired shell was as strong as the original, undamaged shell.

The impact strength (energy to failure) of shells tested in situ was found to be 3.4 times higher than that of empty shells found on the beach. Surprisingly, strength was not affected by removing the shell from its home location, or by removing the limpet from the shell and allowing the shell to dry out. Sand abrasion, which removes material from the apex, was found to have a strong effect.

Shells were also subjected to repeated impacts, causing failure after 2-120 repetitions. In situ shells performed poorly in this test. It is proposed that the apex acts as a kind of sacrificial feature, which confers increased resistance but only for a small number of impacts. Microscopy showed that damage initiates internally as delamination cracks on low-energy interfaces, leading to loss of material by spalling. This mode of failure is a consequence of the layered structure of the shell which makes it vulnerable to the tensile and shear stresses in the impact shock wave.
Community interpreting in Poland. Formal legislation, role and opportunities.
Authors: Krysztofowicz Dominika , Krupienicz Zofia
Published: October 2016

Community interpreting is a new and still developing field of research in Poland. With the outbreak of the Ukrainian Crisis in 2014, followed by the Refugee Crisis in 2015, its role has become especially crucial and apparent. However, more detailed formal legislation in that regard is still lacking. There are also many complex issues connected with the perception of community interpreting in Poland. The
paper will focus on the actual status of community interpreting in Poland, in connection to already existing formal legislation, role and possible work opportunities in the field of community interpreting.
Σημεία τομής και απόκλισης της Κοινοτικής Διερμηνείας με τη Διερμηνεία Συνεδρίων.
Authors: Kotti Paraskevi , Fiorillo Eduardo
Published: October 2016

Τόσο η κοινοτική όσο και η συνεδριακή διερμηνεία αποσκοπούν στη διαγλωσσική και διαπολιτισμική προφορική επικοινωνία. Με βάση την παραδοχή αυτή, στην παρούσα εισήγηση εξετάζουμε τα βασικότερα σημεία στα οποία τα δύο ανωτέρω είδη διερμηνείας συγκλίνουν αλλά και αποκλίνουν μεταξύ τους. Στο πρώτο μέρος, αναφέρουμε τα σημεία τομής ήτοι την προφορική και άπαξ εκφορά του
μηνύματος, τη λειτουργική προσέγγιση, τη συχνή χρήση ορολογίας, το εν μέρει όμοιο εργασιακό καθεστώς των διερμηνέων. Στο δεύτερο μέρος εστιάζουμε στα σημεία όπου διαφοροποιούνται.Ειδικότερα, αναλύουμε συνοπτικά τα επαγγελματικά χαρακτηριστικά των διερμηνέων στην κοινοτική και
στη συνεδριακή διερμηνεία και δη το γνωστικό τους υπόβαθρο, το κύρος τους και την αντικειμενικότητά τους. Επίσης, την κοινωνική και μορφωτική κατάσταση των διερμηνευομένων, την απαραίτητη υλικοτεχνική υποδομή για τη διεξαγωγή της διερμηνείας, τον χώρο και το ωράριο εργασίας, τις γλώσσες
εργασίας, το επίπεδο λόγου και τον τρόπο διερμηνείας, την αποζημίωση των διερμηνέων και τέλος την επαγγελματική τους κατοχύρωση, η οποία επίσης διαφοροποιείται ανάλογα με τη χώρα.
Κοινοτική διερμηνεία στην Ελλάδα: διαθεσιμότητα, ποιότητα, κατάρτιση και πρόταση συναφών διατάξεων.
Authors: Krimpas Panagiotis G.
Published: October 2016

Το παρόν άρθρο αποσκοπεί στο να προτείνει ένα υπόδειγμα διατάξεων νόμου για να ληφθούν υπόψη στο πλαίσιο οποιασδήποτε μελλοντικής νομικής ρύθμισης της κοινοτικής διερμηνείας (ΚΔ) στην Ελλάδα. Συγκεκριμένα, αφού παρουσιαστούν κάποιες βασικές διακρίσεις, όπως η -δυστυχώς όχι τόσο αυτονόητη
μεταξύ των νομικών- διάκριση μεταξύ μετάφρασης και διερμηνείας, παρατίθεται ένας λειτουργικός ορισμός της ΚΔ. Κατόπιν, αφού παρουσιαστούν εν συντομία τα ζητήματα που εντοπίζει η Τελική Έκθεση της Ειδικής Ομάδας Ενδιαφέροντος για τη Μετάφραση και τη Διερμηνεία σε Δημόσιες Υπηρεσίες (SIGTIPS, 2011: 13-22), προτείνονται διατάξεις νόμου περί του δικαιώματος στις υπηρεσίες ΚΔ, της
διαθεσιμότητας κοινοτικών διερμηνέων, της ποιότητας της ΚΔ, και της κατάρτισης των κοινοτικών διερμηνέων, στο πνεύμα της προαναφερθείσας Τελικής Έκθεσης. Η γενικότερη συνεισφορά του άρθρου είναι, μεταξύ άλλων, η προώθηση της αντίληψης ότι, έστω μακροπρόθεσμα, πρέπει να θεσπιστούν
κατάλληλες διατάξεις ώστε οι κοινοτικοί διερμηνείς να αντλούνται από Ενιαίο Μητρώο Ανεξάρτητων Διερμηνέων και να διαθέτουν τα τυπικά και ουσιαστικά προσόντα του επαγγελματία διερμηνέα, ώστε αφενός να αποφεύγεται η ανάθεση των σχετικών υπηρεσιών σε ανθρώπους που ουδεμία σχέση έχουν με τη διερμηνεία, αφετέρου να αποφεύγεται η ανάθεση στους διερμηνείς πρόσθετων ρόλων που υποβαθμίζουν το επάγγελμά τους.
Design process in footwear industry using the potential of universal CAD system
Authors: Surovtseva Olesya A.
Published: October 2016

The work objective is to use the capacities of the science-intensive and universal mechanical CAD TP by adapting them to solve complex specialized problems of the footwear process design that will allow industry enterprises transfer to a whole new level of solving design-engineering problems. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is the theory of complex systems simulation; the operations research theory; the method of system- structural analysis of objects; the classification and coding technique; the methodology of data systems development, databases and knowledgebases creation; the mathematical logic; the method of aprior ranking of factors. On the basis of the standard shoemaking techniques, and similar production techniques used in the modern shoe factories, an aggregate engineering process of the shoes assembly of various construction methods consisting of 310 production steps, each of which is assigned a code, is developed. A list of structuring units characterizing the design-processing footwear specifications is worked out to formalize data on the shoe bottom parts. And the clusters that affect a particular set and operational sequence are allocated within each block. On the basis of the data obtained from the system- structural analysis, structural-logical models of designing the shoes assembly of various construction methods are developed. A schematic form clearly reflects the interrelation logic between the clusters and operational steps. The database “ObuvPro” that allows solving problems on the design process in the shoe factory is developed to ensure the operational, regulatory, and information support for the territorial-production footwear companies.
Internet Acquiring As an Innovation for the Sales and Service Network
Authors: Мартынов  , Martynov V.
Published: October 2016

The article considers the place of Internet acquiring in the relationship between the seller and the buyer. The pros and cons of these relations are noted. The development potential of the payment cards, the growth of card payments, including via the Internet are marked. The main stages of acquiring the options of refund to the buyer are considered. This concept of payment gateway and its components are considered. The article deals with the issues of fraud and ways to protect against it. The forecast of development of the acquiring and the transition of trading platforms in the Internet are given.
A Generalized Polymatroid Approach to Stable Matchings with Lower Quotas
Authors: Yokoi Yu
Published: October 2016

Classified stable matching, proposed by Huang, describes a matching model between academic institutes and applicants, in which each institute has upper and lower quotas on classes, i.e., subsets of applicants. Huang showed that the problem to decide whether there exists a stable matching or not is NP-hard in general. On the other hand, he showed that the problem is solvable if classes form a laminar family. For this case, Fleiner and Kamiyama gave a concise interpretation in terms of matroids and showed the lattice structure of stable matchings.

In this paper we introduce stable matchings on generalized matroids, extending the model of Fleiner and Kamiyama. We design a polynomial-time algorithm which finds a stable matching or reports the nonexistence. We also show that the set of stable matchings, if nonempty, forms a lattice with several significant properties. Furthermore, we extend this structural result to the polyhedral framework, which we call stable allocations on generalized polymatroids.
Lighting up those cold, dull days
Authors: Francis-Pester Dawn
Published: October 2016

In this article, Dawn Francis-Pester suggests different ways that children can make candle holders in order to add some warmth and colour to your setting ahead of the winter months.
G is for the Gluteus maximu…
Authors: Hammond Paula , Lillie Stephen
Published: October 2016

This month, we continue our series that takes the form of an extended alphabetical adventure around the body, helping children to get to know themselves a little better.
All you need for a bumper crop
Authors: Ward Sue
Published: October 2016

In the fifth of a series of extracts from The Early Years Gardening Handbook by Sue Ward (Practical Pre-School Books) we continue our look at some of the common techniques.
Uncertainty in a changing world
Authors: McBride Kate
Published: October 2016

As 0–19 services up and down the country are put out for tender, Kate McBride reflects on a whole new world for health visitors, in an already rapidly changing NHS.
NICE quality standard: Promoting health and wellbeing in under-5s
Authors: Halnan Bridget
Published: October 2016

What is a National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) quality standard and how does this differ from a NICE guideline? What is the relevance of the quality standard for promoting health and wellbeing in under-5s to health visiting practice?
Promoting the antenatal contact: A leadership journey
Authors: Kirby Rebecca
Published: October 2016

A project to increase antenatal visits led to a valuable leadership journey for Rebecca Kirby. In this article, she reflects on how the project evolved and its positive outcomes, both personal and professional.
Count on me
Authors: White Hilary
Published: October 2016

Help children to focus on themselves and the details of their clothing to explore numbers, quantities, patterns and more. Extend this by making paper ‘number people’ with buttons and bows.
Puddle splash
Authors: Clarke Jenni
Published: October 2016

Jenni Clarke continues her exploration of mud play, this time looking at the perennial appeal of muddy puddles to support the development of children's self-confidence and self awareness.
The SEN Information Report
Authors: Freeman Garry
Published: October 2016

Schools are required to present a wealth of information on their websites and key among this is the SEN Information Report. Inclusion and SEN expert Garry Freeman advises
Teaching pupils with sensory difficulties
Authors: Symons Kristina
Published: October 2016

Teaching children with autism sensory difficulties can provide specific challenges for classroom teachers. Kristina Symons breaks down some of the most common sensory barriers that these pupils can face
Tool sharpness: Reading the culture of journalism through the practice of theory
Authors: Pizarro Marcela
Published: October 2016

It is not rare to come across journalists-turned-academics in the corridors of university departments of journalism or mass communication. However, it might be rather unusual for academics turning into journalists. Today, some media and scholarly journals accept submissions by practitioners, among them journalists who have turned into academics. This is the only chapter in this volume written by an academic currently working as a journalist in a global broadcaster. Dr Marcela Pizarro, the producer of Al Jazeera English’s weekly programme, The Listening Post, shows how her readings of seminal works by influential cultural critics have helped her delve into issues of power and politics embedded in language and representation. She provides a ‘tool box of political and cultural theories’ and shows how to apply them through accessible language to bring about dialogue and change in a world ridden with conflicts.
Market orientation in news media: How learning about and responding to readers and competitors impact success
Authors: Sommer Christoph , Krebs Isabelle
Published: October 2016

Because of technological developments, it has become easier for media outlets and their actors to collect data, which facilitates the gaining of knowledge regarding customers and competitors. We apply market orientation theory and investigate through standardized interviews with high-level media representatives whether market-oriented news outlets are more successful in terms of circulation change. The results of this exploratory study show that dailies, which emphasize reader orientation and a swift reaction to competitors’ initiatives, are rewarded with success. For weeklies, the opposite is true. Rating means of researching the readership and responsiveness to the competition low is associated with an increase in circulation. These findings call for different media management strategies depending on the type of news outlet.
Transcendence through evil: Homicide as tragic thriller
Authors: Callens Johan
Published: October 2016

Drawing on the David Mamet papers, the present article takes issue with Vincent Canby’s critique of Homicide (Mamet, 1991) and argues that it successfully revalorizes the popular film genre of the thriller by reconceiving it as a tragedy. While the major sources of inspiration are shown to be classical and neo-classical models thematically revolving around the myth of the Minotaur and structurally relying on confessions, parallels with the metaphysical and analytic detective story are also detected, apart from the influence of Martha Graham’s choreographies on the Minotaur in which Mamet’s former dance teacher, Mark Ryder, co-starred. Insofar as these diverse influences were partly mediated by Joseph Campbell, his writings on myth and his posthumous reputation are here reconsidered. Ultimately, Homicide’s demonstrable infusion of myth and tragedy into the filmic genre of the thriller should be seen as further evidence of the ongoing cross-generic dynamic within David Mamet’s creative output.
Reviews
Authors: Clark Christopher W. , Gaine Vincent M. , O’Gorman Daniel , Cameron Danielle
Published: October 2016

FRAMES OF MEMORY AFTER 9/11: CULTURE, CRITICISM, POLITICS, AND LAW, LUCY BOND (2015) Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 218 pp., ISBN: 9781137440099, h/bk, £63.00

GODS VS MEN OR BRIDGES VS BATTLEFIELDS?

BATMAN V SUPERMAN: DAWN OF JUSTICE, ZACK SNYDER (2016), USA: WARNER BROS., 151M CAPTAIN AMERICA: CIVIL WAR, JOE AND ANTHONY RUSSO (2016), USA: MARVEL STUDIOS, 147M X-MEN: APOCALYPSE, BRYAN SINGER (2016), USA: FOX, 144M

AFTER THE AMERICAN CENTURY: THE ENDS OF U.S. CULTURE IN THE MIDDLE EAST, BRIAN T. EDWARDS (2016) New York: Columbia University Press, 268 pp., ISBN: 9780231174008, h/bk, £26.00

THE GIRLS, EMMA CLINE (2016) London: Random House, 355 pp., ISBN-13: 9780521187299, h/bk, £12.99
Art therapy at the border: Holding the line of the kite
Authors: Kalmanowitz Debra , Lloyd Bobby
Published: October 2016

This article looks at the use of kite making and kite flying in art therapy in two border refugee camps in Europe in 2016. The authors explore the physical and psychological meaning of borders and the role that kite activity played in psychosocial support in this uncertain and frequently volatile environment, with recently arrived refugees. The kite activity is explored for its potential to enhance resilience, its capacity to connect with life beyond the refugee camp, to serve to distract the individual or group and its ability to draw on protective factors, both personal and cultural.
Breathing in and breathing out: Expressive arts in psycho-social support training in Korea
Authors: Speiser Vivien Marcow , Hadari Aviel
Published: October 2016

This article will describe an expressive therapy psychosocial training approach used in august 2014 with groups of clinicians, clergy and community workers in Korea following the sinking of the Sewol ferry in April 2014. The co-facilitators were expressive arts therapists who live in Israel and the United States, respectively, and the expressive arts modalities used in this programme included dance and movement, storytelling, enactment, music and visual arts. The training programme drew upon the facilitators’ backgrounds in working with trauma and ritual in expressive therapy practice and was developed as a support to caregivers in the development of resilience and protective factors to combat feelings of isolation and compassion fatigue.