bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Sleep in the Relationship Between ADHD Symptoms and Stop Signal Task Performance
Authors: Wolff Brittany , Sciberras Emma , He Jason , Youssef George , Anderson Vicki , Silk Timothy J.
Published: July 2020

Background: ADHD commonly occurs with sleep problems and secondary cognitive impairments such as inhibitory control. Sleep problems may explain attentional lapses and inhibition performance variability in children with ADHD. This study applied Bayesian analyses to examine the relationship between ADHD symptoms, sleep problems, and inhibition. Methods: Participants included 73 children with ADHD and 73 non-ADHD controls, aged 10.5 to 13.5 years. The Stop Signal Task measured inhibition. Sleep problems were measured with the Adolescent Sleep Wake Scale and parent-report. Results: ADHD symptoms are associated with sleep problems and reaction time variability, however, sleep problems accounted for more variance in inhibition performance than both hyperactive and inattentive symptoms. Conclusion: Sleep problems account for inhibition performance over and above ADHD symptom severity in children with and without ADHD diagnoses. This suggests clinical utility in assessing sleep in children with manifestations of ADHD, and interventions targeting sleep problems concurrently with behavioral symptoms. This further adds to the discussion on overdiagnosis of ADHD due to behavioral presentations of underlying sleep disorders. Treatment for phenotypes of ADHD could be enhanced by targeting sleep problems, in addition to inhibition deficits and attentional lapses.
COVID-19-Related Cardiovascular Disease and Practical Considerations for Perioperative Clinicians
Authors: Gerstein Neal S. , Venkataramani Ranjani , Goumas Andrew M. , Chapman Niels N. , Deriy Lev
Published: July 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a clinical course predominated by acute respiratory failure due to viral pneumonia with possible acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, nearly one third of infected patients, especially those with preexisting cardiovascular (CV) disease, are reported to present with some combination of acute cardiac injury, myocarditis, heart failure, cardiogenic shock, or significant dysrhythmias. In addition, COVID-19 infections are also associated with high rates of thromboembolic and disseminated intravascular coagulation complications. Severe myocarditis and heart failure have both been reported as the initial presenting conditions in COVID-19 infection. This review highlights the important considerations related to the CV manifestations of COVID-19 infections, describes the mechanisms and clinical presentation of CV injury, and provides practical management and therapy suggestions. This narrative review is based primarily on the multiple case series and cohorts from the largest initial COVID-19 outbreak centers (ie, Wuhan, China, and Italy); hence, nearly all presented data and findings are retrospective in nature with the attendant limitations of such reports.
Is Your Restaurant Worth the Risk? A Motivational Perspective on Reviews’ Rating Distribution and Volume
Authors: Lu Lu , Wu Laurie , He Zeya
Published: July 2020

This research aims to understand diners’ risk-taking tendencies when referring to online reviews to make restaurant decisions as a function of dining motivations (i.e., intrinsic vs. extrinsic motivations). Two experiments jointly reveal that given a positive valence, restaurants with a centralized rating distribution are preferred over those with a polarized rating distribution, and such a preference is accounted for by perceived risk. The preference for restaurants with a centralized (vs. polarized) rating distribution is more pronounced among customers exhibiting extrinsic motivation compared with those exhibiting intrinsic motivation. In addition, a high rating volume can temper the negative effects of polarized reviews on dining decisions among intrinsically motivated consumers but not extrinsically motivated consumers. Consistent with our theorization, the dining motivation– and rating volume–conditioned effects of rating distribution on restaurant visit intention are also mediated by perceived risk. These findings provide important insights for academic researchers and managerial practitioners.
Delayed metastasis in patients with intraocular retinoblastoma: A review of three cases
Authors: Vempuluru Vijitha S , Jakati Saumya , Kaliki Swathi
Published: July 2020

Purpose:

To discuss the clinical presentation, management, and outcome of delayed metastasis in retinoblastoma (RB).

Methods:

Retrospective case series of three patients.

Results:

Mean age at diagnosis of RB was 29 months (median, 28 months; range, 11–48 months). All were males with non-familial bilateral intraocular RB. Primary treatment for RB included intravenous chemotherapy in all three cases. Secondary treatment included transpupillary thermotherapy/cryotherapy ( n = 6 eyes), periocular chemotherapy ( n = 2 eyes), intravitreal chemotherapy ( n = 1 eye), intra-arterial chemotherapy ( n = 1 eye), external beam radiotherapy (EBRT; n = 2 eyes), and enucleation ( n = 2 eyes). Primary tumor regression was achieved in all cases and remained status quo at the time of diagnosis of distant metastasis. Two patients developed bone metastasis (ulna; tibia) and one developed soft tissue metastasis (temporal fossa) over a mean follow-up period of 6 years (median, 7 years; range, 5–8 years) from diagnosis of RB. Mean age of detection of metastatic disease was 8 years (median, 8 years; range, 7–9 years). All the lesions were solitary and the diagnosis of metastatic retinoblastoma was confirmed by tissue biopsy. Metastatic disease was treated with surgical excision ( n = 1), chemotherapy ( n = 2), and EBRT ( n = 2). All patients are alive, with two patients free of disease over a mean follow-up period of 23 months (median, 23 months; range, 12–33 months); and 1 in remission 7 months after completion of EBRT.

Conclusion:

Long-term follow-up of RB cases is mandatory. In spite of intraocular tumor regression, metastasis can still occur many years after treatment of RB.
University Lecturers and Students Could Help in Community Education About SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Uganda
Authors: Echoru Isaac , Kasozi Keneth Iceland , Usman Ibe Michael , Mutuku Irene Mukenya , Ssebuufu Robinson , Ajambo Patricia Decanar , Ssempijja Fred , Mujinya Regan , Matama Kevin , Musoke Grace Henry , Ayikobua Emmanuel Tiyo , Ninsiima Herbert Izo , Dare Samuel Sunday , Eze Ejike Daniel , Bukenya Edmund Eriya , Keyune Nambatya Grace , MacLeod Ewan , Welburn Susan Christina
Published: July 2020

Background:

The World Health Organization has placed a lot of attention on vulnerable communities of Africa due to their chronically weak health care systems. Recent findings from Uganda show that medical staff members have sufficient knowledge but poor attitudes toward coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and preparedness/practices of lecturers and students in the fight against COVID-19.

Method:

This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of 103 lecturers and students both men and women of age group 18 to 69 years in western Uganda. Data were obtained through a pretested questionnaire availed online.

Results:

Knowledge on COVID-19 symptoms was highest in this order: fever > dry cough > difficulty breathing > fatigue > headache with no significant differences between lecturers and students. Knowledge of participants on transmission of COVID-19 was highest in the order of cough drops > contaminated surfaces > person-to-person contact > asymptomatic persons > airborne > zoonotic with no significant differences among lecturers and students. Lecturers and students were all willing to continue using personal protective equipment like masks, and personal practices such as covering the mouth while sneezing and coughing, no handshaking, and washing of hands with no significant differences in the responses. The positive attitudes that COVID-19 could kill, anyone can get COVID-19, and willing to abide by the set regulations against the pandemic showed personal concerns and desired efforts against COVID-19.

Conclusion:

The study identifies lecturers and students as potential stakeholders in the fight against community transmission of COVID-19.
Mental health and childhood memories among rural Kenyan men: Considering the role of spirituality in life-course pathways
Authors: Goodman Michael L , Gitari Stanley , Keiser Philip , Elliott Aleisha , Seidel Sarah
Published: July 2020

Globally there is high morbidity due to mental illnesses, necessitating research on positive mental health and new models of mental health promotion. This study investigates the mediating role of spirituality to known pathways between childhood social exposures and adult mental health outcomes—hope, meaning in life and depression among young Kenyan men. Using the “religion as attachment” framework, we investigate whether childhood attachment conditions predict lower scores of daily spiritual experiences, and whether this pathway mediates associations between childhood attachment conditions and current depression, meaning in life, and hope. Spirituality significantly mediated associations between childhood attachments and adult mental health.
An exploratory motivational intervention on the construction of Chinese undergraduates’ ideal LOTE and multilingual selves: The role of near peer role modeling
Authors: Wang Tianyi
Published: July 2020

While interest in the learning of a language other than English (LOTE) has increased, research on how to foster learners’ motivation towards learning a LOTE is still scarce. With a specific focus on learners’ ideal LOTE and multilingual selves, this article reports on an intervention study which employed near peer role model (NPRM) to construct Chinese undergraduates’ LOTE learning motivation. The research aim was to explore the role of the near peer role modeling in nurturing the development of the LOTE-related facets of learners’ ideal selves. Open questionnaires, interviews and written journals were used to collect data at one Chinese university over the course of one academic term. Findings provide context-dependent evidence that the presentation of NPRMs in class may strengthen both of learners’ ideal LOTE and their multilingual selves, mainly because it demonstrates approachable examples which manifest the value of learning a LOTE in a particular social context. With the help of the NPRMs, learners may not only alleviate their ambiguity about the availability of LOTE-using opportunities in their situated contexts but also deepen their understanding of how ‘being multilingual’ could benefit their future development. Pedagogical implications emphasize the effectiveness of near peer role modeling in developing learners’ self-identification with being a LOTE user or a multilingual in the future.
Differences in income trajectories according to psychological distress and pain: A longitudinal study among Norwegian social assistance recipients
Authors: Løyland Borghild , Hermansen Åsmund , Dahl Espen , Wahl Astrid Klopstad
Published: July 2020

Aim: Mental diseases and pain are serious public health problems and are a leading cause of disability worldwide. The aim of this study is to describe how pain and psychological distress separately and in combination are associated with four income trajectories over nine years in a cohort of long-term social assistance recipients (LTRs). Methods: A cohort of 456 LTRs from 14 municipalities in Norway were divided into four groups based on the presence or absence of pain and/or psychological distress. These were surveyed in 2005, and later linked by personal identification numbers to high-quality longitudinal administrative data covering the period 2005–2013. Methods include calculation of income statuses based on main sources of income, and multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results: In the group without pain and psychological distress, earnings from work as main source of income (14.6–38.0%) and disability benefits (2.9–16.1%) increased over the period. In the ‘double burden’ group the proportions who had social assistance as main income decreased (68.2–21.5%) and the proportions with disability benefits increased over time (5.6–36.6%). Only 27.2% of the total sample had earnings from work as their main income in 2013. Conclusion: LTRs are extra burdened by pain and psychological distress, and this has consequences for their life opportunities and income trajectories. This study indicates that the primary goal of the social assistance system, to make the clients self-sufficient, is hard to achieve. A better co-operation between health services and work-related services is needed.
‘This time I’m (not) voting’: A comprehensive overview of campaign factors influencing turnout at European Parliament elections
Authors: Marquart Franziska , Goldberg Andreas C , de Vreese Claes H
Published: July 2020

Research has investigated numerous factors influencing turnout for European Parliament elections but paid insufficient attention to the role of campaign influences. Using survey data collected in the context of the 2019 European Parliament elections, we assess citizens’ passive exposure to media coverage and political advertisements, active forms of engagement such as visiting a party’s website and interpersonal communication on- and offline. We test to which extent these activities contribute to the likelihood that citizens vote. Our study highlights the importance of information factors beyond well-established turnout determinants. The results confirm the mobilizing influence of a number of variables, but we also find consistent negative effects of online forms of communication and engagement. We discuss these findings with regard to a potentially ‘toxic’ online information environment.
Fostering a Sense of Belonging Using a Multicontext Approach
Authors: Moore Monika Z.
Published: July 2020

This review of research discusses how applications of multicontext theory can help foster a sense of belonging for students in higher education, resulting in stronger persistence. Multicontext theory may offer an approach to designing learning experiences and environments that take into account varied ways of thinking and knowing, are relevant inside and outside of the classroom, and can both enrich and encompass the lives of students on and off campus. Focusing on faculty-student interactions is one area within which multicontext approaches can be examined for insights into current successes and future potential.
Graduate Students’ Clinical Self-Efficacy: Impact of an Intensive Cleft Lip and Palate Clinical Practicum
Authors: Baigorri Miriam , Crowley Catherine J. , Sommer Chelsea L. , Baquero Jessica , Moya-Galé Gemma
Published: July 2020

This study aimed to examine self-efficacy as graduate students gained clinical skills during an intensive international cleft lip and palate (CLP) clinical practicum. A total of 17 graduate students in the Communication Sciences and Disorders program at Teachers College (TC), Columbia University, participated in a CLP clinical practicum for 5 days and completed a self-efficacy survey that measured their confidence in evaluation, treatment, and professional behavior at the beginning and end of their CLP clinical practicum. Clinical supervisors answered questions regarding graduate students’ performance at the end of their CLP clinical practicum. A significant pre-to-post-practicum group effect was found for all dependent variables under the self-efficacy evaluation and treatment categories. Supervisors’ perceptions of students’ initial performance and progression were overall consistent with the students’ ratings of self-efficacy. This intensive practicum program for CLP may be an effective way to increase graduate students’ experiences in working with children with CLP.
Intelligent energy optimization for advanced IoT analytics edge computing on wireless sensor networks
Authors: Agbehadji Israel Edem , Frimpong Samuel Ofori , Millham Richard C , Fong Simon James , Jung Jason J
Published: July 2020

The current dispensation of big data analytics requires innovative ways of data capturing and transmission. One of the innovative approaches is the use of a sensor device. However, the challenge with a sensor network is how to balance the energy load of wireless sensor networks, which can be achieved by selecting sensor nodes with an adequate amount of energy from a cluster. The clustering technique is one of the approaches to solve this challenge because it optimizes energy in order to increase the lifetime of the sensor network. In this article, a novel bio-inspired clustering algorithm was proposed for a heterogeneous energy environment. The proposed algorithm (referred to as DEEC-KSA) was integrated with a distributed energy-efficient clustering algorithm to ensure efficient energy optimization and was evaluated through simulation and compared with benchmarked clustering algorithms. During the simulation, the dynamic nature of the proposed DEEC-KSA was observed using different parameters, which were expressed in percentages as 0.1%, 4.5%, 11.3%, and 34% while the percentage of the parameter for comparative algorithms was 10%. The simulation result showed that the performance of DEEC-KSA is efficient among the comparative clustering algorithms for energy optimization in terms of stability period, network lifetime, and network throughput. In addition, the proposed DEEC-KSA has the optimal time (in seconds) to send a higher number of packets to the base station successfully. The advantage of the proposed bio-inspired technique is that it utilizes random encircling and half-life period to quickly adapt to different rounds of iteration and jumps out of any local optimum that might not lead to an ideal cluster formation and better network performance.
Professional Identity of Male Nursing Students in 3-Year Colleges and Junior Male Nurses in China
Authors: Chen Yan , Zhang Yichun , Jin Renmin
Published: July 2020

Purpose:

To investigate the changing tendency and influencing factors of the professional identity of male nursing students in 3-year colleges and junior male nurses in China.

Background:

In China, the majority of nurses are 3-year nursing college graduates, among which male nurses are underrepresented. Many male nurses leave the profession 3 or 4 years after graduation. Little is known about the professional identity of Chinese male nursing students in 3-year colleges and junior male nurses.

Methods:

This study included 237 male nursing students from a 3-year college and 33 junior male nurses with less than 3 years of experience in China. By using the data collected with the Professional Identity Questionnaire of Nursing Students and through in-depth semistructured interviews from November 2019 to April 2020, t-test, and ANOVA analysis in SPSS22.0 were conducted and thematic analysis was applied to interviews.

Results:

Compared with undergraduate nursing students, Chinese male nursing students in 3-year colleges had a better professional identity, displaying a declining tendency with grades. Junior male nurses reported the lowest professional identity. Demographic factors such as family residence and presence of relatives in medical service were positively related to professional identity. Low professional identity was related to heavy workload as well as gender stereotypes. Two unique contextual factors influenced the professional identity: (a) curriculum setting and (b) nurse exams.

Conclusion:

College education and initial working experience were critical to professional identity formation for male nurses. Appropriate measures need to be taken to improve professional identity and promote gender diversity.
Antihypertensive and Antihyperlipidemic Activity of Aqueous Methanolic Extract of Rauwolfia Serpentina in Albino Rats
Authors: Shah Syed Muhammad Ali , Naqvi Syed Ali Raza , Munir Naveed , Zafar Sohaib , Akram Muhammad , Nisar Jaweria
Published: July 2020

Rauwolfia serpentina has a wide range of therapeutic effects so this study was planned to explore the antihypertensive and antihyperlipidemic therapeutic responses of R serpentina doses using albino rats by measuring the blood pressure, biochemical parameters, and histological architecture of liver and kidney tissues. Thirty albino rats were divided into 5 groups (n = 6) as G1 (normal Control) received normal diet, G2 (positive control) received only 8% NaCl added diet (high salt diet); G3 was given atenolol (standard drug control) 50 mg/kg body weight, G4 and G5 groups were given methanolic plant extract as low dose (100 mg/kg body weight) and high dose (200 mg/Kg body weight) daily along with high salt diet for 4 weeks, respectively. Rauwolfia serpentina significantly ( P < .05) decreased the blood pressure in G4 and G5 groups as compared to G2 and G3. Significant ( P < .05) impact was reported, on serum lipid profile and serum proteins as well as hepatoprotective and renoprotective potential on studying tissues sections under microscope, in animal groups given herbal extract as compared to control groups. It could be concluded that R serpentina has therapeutic effect to manage the hypertension and hypercholesterolemia most probably via protecting the liver and renal architectures.
Visual gaze behaviour during free-kicks in football
Authors: Schaper Sten , Kaaden Lisanne van der , Boode Vosse de , Savelsbergh Geert
Published: July 2020

Visual gaze behaviour, and in particular Quiet Eye (QE), have been found to be important in aiming tasks in multiple sports. The aim of this study is to provide insight into the characteristics of gaze behaviour in a moving condition, that is of football players during the run-up and kick of free kicks. Fourteen skilled youth players performed a set of free-kick trials while their eyes were being tracked. Two QE periods have been determined prior to a critical phase of the kick: QE Target and QE Ball. For the scored trials both the QE Target (M = 886 ms SE = 78 ms) and QE Ball (M = 627 ms SE = 52 ms) duration were significantly longer than in the missed trials, QE Target (M = 488 ms SE = 45 ms) and QE Ball (M = 513 ms SE = 80 ms). The analysis of the number of fixations suggests that one fixation on a target is the optimum, and more (2-3x) or no fixations resulted in less accurate shooting. These results provide insight into the characteristics of football shooting that can be incorporated into shooting practice in order to improve performance.
Molecular subtypes and the evolution of treatment management in metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Martini Giulia , Dienstmann Rodrigo , Ros Javier , Baraibar Iosune , Cuadra-Urteaga Jose Luis , Salva Francesc , Ciardiello Davide , Mulet Nuria , Argiles Guillem , Tabernero Josep , Elez Elena
Published: July 2020

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease representing a therapeutic challenge, which is further complicated by the common occurrence of several molecular alterations that confer resistance to standard chemotherapy and targeted agents. Mechanisms of resistance have been identified at multiple levels in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway, including mutations in KRAS, NRAS, and BRAFV600E, and in the HER2 and MET receptors. These alterations represent oncogenic drivers that may co-exist in the same tumor with other primary and acquired alterations via a clonal selection process. Other molecular alterations include DNA damage repair mechanisms and rare kinase fusions, potentially offering a rationale for new therapeutic strategies. In recent years, genomic analysis has been expanded by a more complex study of epigenomic, transcriptomic, and microenvironment features. The Consensus Molecular Subtype (CMS) classification describes four CRC subtypes with distinct biological characteristics that show prognostic and potential predictive value in the clinical setting. Here, we review the panorama of actionable targets in CRC, and the developments in more recent molecular tests, such as liquid biopsy analysis, which are increasingly offering clinicians a means of ensuring optimal tailored treatments for patients with metastatic CRC according to their evolving molecular profile and treatment history.
Predictive and prognostic value of EPIC1 in patients with breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Xu Yaqian , Wang Yan , Yuan Chenwei , Sheng Xiaonan , Sha Rui , Dai Huijuan , Zhang Shan , Wang Yaohui , Lin Yanping , Zhou Liheng , Xu Shuguang , Zhang Jie , Yin Wenjin , Lu Jinsong
Published: July 2020

Background:

EPIC1 is an oncogenic long non-coding ribonucleic acid (RNA) that promotes cell growth and cell-cycle progression and inhibits apoptosis in several cancer cell lines. However, clinical studies on EPIC1 in breast cancer, specifically in the neoadjuvant setting, are relatively few.

Methods:

Patients treated with weekly paclitaxel–cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy after core-needle biopsy were included in the study. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays were performed to detect EPIC1 expression.

Results:

Among all patients included in this study ( n = 111), higher EPIC1 expression was associated with estrogen receptor negativity, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positivity, higher Ki67 index, and higher histologic grade. Multivariate analysis suggested that EPIC1 expression was an independent predictive factor for pathological complete response, with a significant interaction between EPIC1 expression and age. The Kaplan–Meier Plotter dataset suggested that the EPIC1 high-expression group showed a worse 10-year distant metastasis-free survival and post-progression survival when compared with the EPIC1 low-expression group. The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset suggested that the overall survival in the EPIC1 high-expression group was inferior to that in the EPIC1 low-expression group, specifically in hormone receptor (HorR)-positive patients and patients aged <50 years. Pathway analysis revealed the top pathways that indicated the potential mechanisms of EPIC1 in chemoresistance, including the daunorubicin and doxorubicin metabolic processes.

Conclusions:

Our study suggests that EPIC1 may be a promising biomarker for both neoadjuvant chemosensitivity and long-term clinical outcomes in breast cancer, specifically in the HorR-positive premenopausal subgroup. It may also help identify candidate responders and determine treatment strategies.
Achilles Injury and Access to Care in South Florida
Authors: Boden Allison L. , Geller Joseph S. , Granger Caroline J. , Summers Spencer H. , Kaplan Jonathan , Aiyer Amiethab
Published: July 2020

Introduction. Despite the amount of orthopaedic research evaluating access to care based on insurance status, no study quantifies the effects of insurance status on the care of acute Achilles tendon ruptures. Methods. Using Current Procedural Terminology codes, we identified all patients who underwent surgical management of Achilles tendon rupture between December 31, 2013, and December 31, 2018, and followed-up at either a county hospital–based orthopaedic surgery clinic and/or private university–based clinic. Inclusion criteria included patients who (1) underwent surgical management of an Achilles tendon rupture during this time period and (2) were at least 18 years of age at the time of surgery. A univariate 2-tailed t test was used to compare various groups. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results. When compared to adequately insured patients (private and Medicare), underinsured patients (uninsured and Medicaid) experienced a significantly greater time from the date of injury to first clinic visit (14.5 days vs 5.2 days, P < .001), first clinic visit to surgery (34.6 days vs 4.8 days, P < .002), injury to surgery date (48.9 days vs 9.8 days, P < .001), initial presentation to when magnetic resonance imaging was obtained (48.1 days vs 1.9 days, P < .002). Conclusions. Disparities in access to care for Achilles tendon ruptures are intimately related to insurance status. Uninsured and Medicaid patients are subject to institutional delays and decreased access to care when compared to patients with private insurance.

Levels of Evidence: Level III: Prognostic, retrospective
Measuring Realistic and Symbolic Threats of COVID-19 and Their Unique Impacts on Well-Being and Adherence to Public Health Behaviors
Authors: Kachanoff Frank J. , Bigman Yochanan E. , Kapsaskis Kyra , Gray Kurt
Published: July 2020

COVID-19 threatens lives, livelihoods, and civic institutions. Although restrictive public health behaviors such as social distancing help manage its impact, these behaviors can further sever our connections to people and institutions that affirm our identities. Three studies ( N = 1,195) validated a brief 10-item COVID-19 Threat Scale that assesses (1) realistic threats to physical or financial safety and (2) symbolic threats to one’s sociocultural identity. Studies reveal that both realistic and symbolic threats predict higher distress and lower well-being and demonstrate convergent validity with other measures of threat sensitivity. Importantly, the two kinds of threats diverge in their relationship to restrictive public health behaviors: Realistic threat predicted greater self-reported adherence, whereas symbolic threat predicted less self-reported adherence to social disconnection behaviors. Symbolic threat also predicted using creative ways to affirm identity even in isolation. Our findings highlight how social psychological theory can be leveraged to understand and predict people’s behavior in pandemics.
Non-surgical treatment of gastric emphysema with intraabdominal free gas and hepatic portal venous gas: Lessons from a rare case
Authors: Furihata Tadashi , Ushiku Takafumi , Murayama Isao , Sato Jun , Kamo Tomohisa , Naoe Fumiyo , Hasegawa Tetsuo , Watanabe Yoshihiro , Kasakura Yuichi , Furihata Makoto
Published: July 2020

We herein describe a case of an 83-year-old man who presented with epigastralgia, vomiting, and abdominal distention. The physical abdominal examination revealed mild tenderness. Computed tomography revealed intramural gastric gas spread throughout the stomach, intraabdominal free gas, and hepatic portal venous gas. We diagnosed gastric emphysema with intraabdominal free gas and hepatic portal venous gas. We selected a wait-and-watch approach because physical examination did not show any peritoneal signs, although the radiological examinations showed remarkable findings. As a result, he received conservative therapy with fasting, intravenous infusion of antibiotics, and gastric decompression by nasogastric intubation. The patient was relieved of the symptoms, and follow-up computed tomography showed that all the abnormal gas disappeared soon after the treatment. In conclusion, the intramural gastric gas even with both intraabdominal free gas and hepatic portal venous gas does not always require surgical intervention. In case clinicians including general surgeons and physicians encounter intraabdominal free gas with hepatic portal venous gas, gastric emphysema should be considered in the different diagnosis. Lack of knowledge may lead to misdiagnosis, which may result in unnecessary surgical intervention.
Prophylactic total pancreatectomy in individuals at high risk of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PROPAN): systematic review and shared decision‐making programme using decision tables
Authors: Scholten Lianne , Latenstein Anouk EJ , Aalfs Cora M , Bruno Marco J , Busch Olivier R , Bonsing Bert A. , Koerkamp Bas Groot , Molenaar I Quintus , Ubbink Dirk T , van Hooft Jeanin E , Fockens Paul , Glas Jolanda , DeVries J Hans , Besselink Marc G ,   for the Dutch Pancreatic Cancer Group
Published: July 2020

Background

Individuals with a very high lifetime risk of developing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; for example, hereditary pancreatitis and main‐duct or mixed‐type intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, may wish to discuss prophylactic total pancreatectomy but strategies to do so are lacking.

Objective

To develop a shared decision‐making programme for prophylactic total pancreatectomy using decision tables.

Methods

Focus group meetings with patients were used to identify relevant questions. Systematic reviews were performed to answer these questions.

Results

The first tables included hereditary pancreatitis and main‐duct or mixed‐type intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. No studies focused on prophylactic total pancreatectomy in these groups. In 52 studies (3570 patients), major morbidity after total pancreatectomy was 25% and 30‐day mortality was 6%. After minimally invasive total pancreatectomy (seven studies, 35 patients) this was, respectively, 13% and 0%. Exocrine insufficiency‐related symptoms occurred in 33%. Quality of life after total pancreatectomy was slightly lower compared with the general population.

Conclusion

The decision tables can be helpful for discussing prophylactic total pancreatectomy with individuals at high risk of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Longitudinal Research on Music Education and Child Development: Contributions and Challenges
Authors: Ilari Beatriz
Published: July 2020

Based on a comprehensive analysis of 39 studies published in academic journals in the past decade (2010–2020), this article discusses the strengths of current research and the challenges that lie ahead for researchers interested in conducting longitudinal research on music education and child development. Among the strengths of the reviewed studies are multi-year projects, diverse study samples and programs, and a wide range of areas of interest—cognitive and neural to socioemotional and musical development. Challenges for future research are described in relation to three main perspectives. The methodological, the first perspective, tackles future challenges in terms of research approaches, population sampling, randomization, replication, and the lack of cross-cultural longitudinal research. The second perspective, the conceptual-philosophical, focuses on how children, music, and music education have been defined—in deliberate or tacit ways—in longitudinal works, and their implications for both research and practice. The third perspective, the political, focuses on the extent to which research on the effects of music education may be interpreted by some as promoting a neoliberal educational agenda. I conclude the article with suggestions for future research.
Validation of High School Students’ Scores on the Revised Fit, Stigma, and Value Scale: Implications for School Counseling Screening
Authors: Kalkbrenner Michael Thomas , Goodman-Scott Emily , Neukrug Edward
Published: July 2020

We tested the dimensionality of the Revised Fit, Stigma, and Value (FSV) Scale, a screening instrument for assessing barriers to counseling among a national sample of 330 students from 260 high schools across 45 states. Results supported the three-dimensional FSV model and the presence of a second-order factor. Based on the findings, we present implications for enhancing school counselors’ universal screening of barriers and how it impacts comprehensive school counseling program efforts.
Guru War: In Light of the 4’Ps of Strategic Marketing
Authors: Saha Shantanu , Soodan Vishal , Dey Prajna Paromita , Srivastava Deepak
Published: July 2020

Today’s ‘gurus’ have stolen the show in the spiritual and commercial arena by making yoga and Ayurveda popular. This case study discusses the strategic marketing mix strategy adopted by Patanjali Ayurved Limited and Sri Sri Tattva. The case study brings forward the statistical underpinnings of both companies and carefully presents the qualitative assessment of the moves and countermoves of these companies against their respective set of competitors in the market. Moreover, the case study raises some pertinent questions that these companies must consider remaining in the market and retain their competitive edge.
He Said, She Said: The Effectiveness and Outcomes of Responses to Sexual Harassment
Authors: Mills Carol Bishop , Scudder Joseph N.
Published: July 2020

Recent high-profile cases of sexual harassment focused the spotlight on inappropriate workplace behavior. Much of the prior research on sexual harassment focuses on organizational culture, what organizations can do to create harassment-free environments, and to increase reporting when it does occur. Less work explores what happens in the actual harassment situations, or how the immediate responses to the incivility affect future interactions. This study seeks to fill that gap by exploring effectiveness of the message responses used by female targets of sexual harassment by male harassers to curtail future harassment in the workplace. We also explore how the target’s responses affect bystanders’ perceptions of her communication effectiveness and her future potential of being promoted. Data were gathered from workers with an average of 12 years of work experience. Using a variety of sexual harassment scenarios developed for this study, we found that assertive responses were considered the most effective in supporting a positive image of the target and avoidance was the least effective. To curtail future harassment, assertiveness and assertive-empathetic responses were perceived as effective strategies. In terms of maintaining the prospects for future promotions, participants again rated assertiveness as the best strategy for the target to employ. Across all scenarios, avoidance was a poor strategy. Beyond several interesting research findings, the scenarios provide materials that could be modified for use by those who are trainers dealing with sexual harassment or could be used as a foundation for more advanced research regarding sexually harassing messages.
Serving the Militant’s Cause: The Role of Indo-Pak State Policies in Sustaining Militancy in Kashmir
Authors: Mehdi Syed Eesar
Published: July 2020

The essay explores three recently published books on the origins of militancy in Kashmir. In short, they all find that two causal factors are responsible for the insurgency’s ability to endure. First, the unending muscular security policy of India coupled with its explicit integrationist approach that triggered alienation by squeezing the democratic space of Kashmiris. Second, the role played by Pakistan in strongly backing the menagerie of militant groups for weakening political and territorial control of India over Kashmir. These books rely on a series of case studies of the different militant groups that have operated in Kashmir: most notably, Al-Fatah, the Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF), Hizbul Mujahedeen (HM) and Lashkar-e-Tayyaba (LeT). The emergence of Al-Fatah and JKLF was an offshoot of New Delhi’s iron-fist approach compounded with the dwindling of democratic space. Pakistan played a major role in the creation of HM and LeT by invoking Islam and Muslim identity as mobilising factors. These books, in their own different ways, identify a teleological shift in the thinking, strategies and operations of the militant groups, and this essay tries to extrapolate this by outlining the key markers of distinction between the old and new militancy.
Political dynamics of local government reform in a development context: The case of Turkey
Authors: Savaşkan Osman
Published: July 2020

This article examines the political dynamics of local government reform in Turkey during 2000s and 2010s, showing how the reform was implemented in a way that reproduced central state power. Contributing to debates on the relationship between state rescaling and decentralisation, it argues that the dynamics of electoral politics are key to determining the nature of institutional changes affecting central-local relations. In the Turkish context, decentralisation did not align with the interests of the ruling Justice and Development Party, given that opposition parties could potentially win local elections and control local municipal councils. By questioning the significance of the recent trend of decentralisation and the devolution of authority to lower levels of government in Turkey, this article contributes to the literature on the limits of decentralisation, especially in non-western contexts.
New data infrastructures for environmental monitoring in Myanmar: Is digital transparency good for governance?
Authors: Goldstein Jenny E , Faxon Hilary Oliva
Published: July 2020

The design and use of environmental data infrastructures, including software platforms, sensors, satellite data, mobile phone apps, and digitally generated visual representations, is increasingly inseparable from contemporary environmental governance. Such technologies are often intended to enable data transparency, which in turn is assumed to promote expanded participation in democratic governance. In this article, we investigate how environmental monitoring, as performed through domestic and globalized infrastructures that seek to make digital environmental data open and transparent, is playing out in Myanmar’s forest sector. New data infrastructures are inseparable from the proliferation of non-state actors involved in environmental governance amid the country’s transition from military surveillance state toward more liberal and democratic rule, yet participation is not universal. We argue that actors engage new platforms and tools based on different understandings of the role of increased data transparency in environmental governance, which in turn are structured by historical relations with and within the legacy of the surveillance state.
Metallographic organization and tensile properties of FSSP-modified H62 copper alloy surface
Authors: Song Weiwei , Xu Xiaojing , Liu Shengrong , Pu Jiafei , Wang Hongfeng
Published: July 2020

In this study, the surface of friction stir surface processing (FSSP)-modified copper alloy was altered by different passes of modification and lower pressure after selecting FSSP process parameters. The results showed that the grain size of the modified copper alloy surface was refined under various processes. In the modified section, the grains changed from fine equiaxed grains to rolling strips from the surface layer to the bottom of copper alloy sheet. FSSP could change the surface metallographic organization but could not change the internal structure of the sheet. The hardness values of samples obtained under various processes were higher than those of base metal, but the hardness of modified boundary region was slightly lower than that of base metal. The tensile strength of samples obtained under various processes was higher than that of base metal. Among them, FSSP was the best after one pass of modification, followed by two passes, and the worst was three passes. Most of the stretches appeared on the advancing side, and only a few appeared on the retreating side. The tensile parts had a honeycomb-type morphology, with a ductile fracture mode.
Fragility functions and behavior factors estimation of multi-story cross-laminated timber structures characterized by an energy-dependent hysteretic model
Authors: Aloisio Angelo , Alaggio Rocco , Fragiacomo Massimo
Published: July 2020

The authors assessed the fragility functions and behavior factors of cross-laminated timber (CLT) structures. The structures derive from the assembly of single CLT wall panels characterized by different configurations. The extended energy-dependent generalized Bouc-Wen (EEGBW) hysteresis model describes their inelastic behavior: the experimental data obtained by Gavric et al. are used to calibrate the hysteretic models of the considered cases. The truncated incremental dynamic analysis of the building models under a set of earthquake records yields the fragility functions and behavior factors. The copious results allow a comparative study between multiple structural configurations characterized by different constructive features. The behavior factors match those already proposed by the scientific literature. An analytical relationship was estimated relating the behavior factors and a suite of parameters (e.g. joint density, slenderness ratio of the CLT panel, and number of stories) representative of the tested cases. The fragility functions evidence the notable role of the number of stories over the failure probability, rather than the particular wall configuration.
Long duration and frequent, intense earthquakes: Lessons learned from the 19 September 2017 earthquake for Mexico City’s resilience
Authors: Quinde Pablo , Reinoso Eduardo
Published: July 2020

The accumulation of plastic deformations during an intense earthquake may cause structural failures at deformations significantly smaller than those that can be developed under monotonic load. However, there is evidence that, under certain circumstances, the response of a single parameter may not be a good indicator of structural damage. Likewise, most of the seismic regulations, including the Mexican standards, establish their criteria considering the occurrence of strong earthquakes with a very little probability of occurrence, but do not consider if intense earthquake affects the building frequently and, therefore, cumulative damage due to the occurrence of several earthquakes during the life span of the structure is not taken into account explicitly. This cumulative damage is especially important in places like Mexico City, where intense and long-duration earthquakes occur every 10–20 years. To study the issues that Mexico City must face to increase its seismic resilience, in this article, we present an analysis of the dissipated plastic energy demands in Mexico City during the earthquake of 19 September 2017, and the cumulative damage due to recent intense earthquakes that affect the city.
Towards greater transparency in neurodevelopmental disorders research: use of a proposed workflow and propensity scores to facilitate selection of matched groups
Authors: Bang Janet Y. , Sharda Megha , Nadig Aparna S.
Published: July 2020

Background

Matching is one commonly utilized method in quasi-experimental designs involving individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). This method ensures two or more groups (e.g., individuals with an NDD versus neurotypical individuals) are balanced on pre-existing covariates (e.g., IQ), enabling researchers to interpret performance on outcome measures as being attributed to group membership. While much attention has been paid to the statistical criteria of how to assess whether groups are well-matched, relatively little attention has been given to a crucial prior step: the selection of the individuals that are included in matched groups. The selection of individuals is often an undocumented process, which can invite unintentional, arbitrary, and biased decision-making. Limited documentation can result in findings that have limited reproducibility and replicability and thereby have poor potential for generalization to the broader population. Especially given the heterogeneity of individuals with NDDs, interpretation of research findings depends on minimizing bias at all stages of data collection and analysis.

Results

In the spirit of open science, this tutorial demonstrates how a workflow can be used to provide a transparent, reproducible, and replicable process to select individuals for matched groups. Our workflow includes the following key steps: Assess data, Select covariates, Conduct matching, and Diagnose matching. Our sample dataset is from children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; n = 25) and typically developing children (n = 43) but can be adapted to comparisons of any two groups in quasi-experimental designs. We work through this method to conduct and document matching using propensity scores implemented with the R package MatchIt. Data and code are publicly available, and a template for this workflow is provided in the Additional file 1 as well as on a public repository.

Conclusions

It is important to provide clear documentation regarding the selection process to establish matched groups. This documentation ensures better transparency in participant selection and data analysis in NDD research. We hope the adoption of such a workflow will ultimately advance our ability to replicate findings and help improve the lives of individuals with NDDs.