bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Homenaje al profesor Jorge Ayala
Authors: LOMBA FUENTES Joaquín
Published: May 2018

This writing is an homage to Professor Jorge Ayala Martínez because of his many merits in the course of his life as a teacher in different centers, especially in the University of Zaragoza, and as an investigator. His speciality is Philosophy, above all the Spanish, Aragonese and Medieval Philosophy, and other matters. On the other hand his work as a secretary and editor of this magazine Medieval Philosophy Society (SOFIME) has been very praiseworthy and effective.
El «positivismo jurídico» en el Defensor Pacis de Marsilio de Padua / «Juridical Positivism» in Marsilius of Padua’s Defensor Pacis
Authors: OLIVEIRA Martín
Published: May 2018

Many scholars of Medieval Political Philosophy have suggested that Marisilius of Padua’s Defensor Pacis defends a «positivist» approach to law. In this article we try to show that such claim is wrong. We begin by sketching a brief summary of Marilius’ legal doctrine and then we turn to many scholarly pieces that have found it either in favor of or against «juridical positivism» in the Defensor Pacis. By reviewing the most recent theories on «juridical positivism» we argue that there are no evidences of any coherent «positivist» view of Law in Marsilius’ work and, that if there are, they are irrelevant to Marsilius’ political philosophy.
As propriedades da «noite escura» de João da Cruz / Properties of the «dark night» According to John of the Cross
Authors: MARTINS BARREIRA Marcelo
Published: May 2018

In discussing the issue of the «dark night», on precisely the protective capability of the dark contemplation to the soul, there is a overall declaration in the beginning of the comment in the second book of the «Dark Night», about the second stanza of the poem of the same title (ch. 15), after that, John of the Cross discusses the first verse (ch. 16), 2 (caps. 17-21), 3 (ch. 22), 4 (ch. 23) and 5 (ch.24).
El argumento de continuidad ontológica en De Veritate de Tomás de Aquino / The Ontological Continuity Argument in De Veritate of Thomas Aquinas
Authors: CARAM Gabriela
Published: May 2018

There is a metaphysical affinity among beings that can be called ontological principle of continuity. According to this principle, the lowest level of being has its origin in the attenuation of higher grade, and the reality is understood as an analogy hierarchical of beings, which are arranged in cascades descending to the last degree. In this paper consign the most important passages related to De Veritate in which this argument is present.
El primer Heidegger y su confrontación con la filosofía medieval / The Young Heidegger and His Confrontation with Medieval Philosophy
Authors: GINZO FERNÁNDEZ Arsenio
Published: May 2018

One of the main features of Heidegger’s thinking is his constant confrontation with the history of the western philosophy, above all with the greek and the modern. But the young Heidegger also maintained an important dialogue with medieval philosophy. This article is intended as an approximation to this last topic, in the light of the new volumes that appeared within the framework of the Gesamtausgabe. The heideggerian confrontation with medieval philosophy is primarly a philosophical confrontation and is changing according to the changes in Heidegger’s own philosophical conceptions. On the other hand, the article does not deal with the problem of Heidegger’s relationship with the medieval Mystic.
Dios permite el mal para el bien. Dos aproximaciones diferentes desde la metafísica del ser del bien en Santo Tomás y San Buenaventura / God permits Evil for the Sake of Good. Two different Explanations From the Metaphysics of Being and the Good in St. Thomas and St. Bonaventure
Authors: LÁZARO PULIDO Manuel
Published: May 2018

This paper confronts the relation between two paradigmatic positions about being and good in the 13th century: Thomas Aquinas and Bonaventure of Bagnoregio. The last part of the article analyses the question of evil in the context of a metaphysics in which the totality of being identify is identified with good.
Antonius Andreae y la cultura clásica / Antonius Andreae and Classical Culture
Authors: MENSA I VALLS Jaume
Published: May 2018

Tomàs and Joaquim Carreras stated (1943) that either the Scriptum super Metaphysicam Aristotelis was not genuinely by Antonius Andreae († ca. 1333), or it was subjected to interpolations because its author demonstrates knowledge of classical culture and a mentality characteristic of the fifteenth century. Experts currently consider this work to be genuinely by Andreae; but could it also have been subjected to interpolations? Only a detailed examination of the manuscript and printed tradition will, in the future, allow this question to be answered definitively. For the moment, this article analyses the knowledge of classical culture demonstrated in this work, and concludes that it is compatible with the knowledge available to an author from the beginning of the fourteenth century.
El tiempo en Agustín y Husserl / Time in Augustine and Husserl
Authors: GABÁS Raúl
Published: May 2018

This comparison of time in Augustine with time in Husserl demonstrates first that both authors connect with the Platonic tradition, where ideal existence has primacy, and time appears at the moment of configuration of finite and sensible reality. It explains the conception of time in both authors, showing that the fundamental coincidence is ‘distension’ (in the soul, for Augustine; in the ego, for Husserl), and that ‘traces’ of memory predominate in Augustine, whereas Husserl maintains a more elaborate doctrine of peculiarity of the constituting acts.
Investigación agustiniana sobre el tiempo en De Genesi ad litteram y De civitate Dei / Augustine on Time in De Genesi ad Litteram and De Civitate Dei
Authors: TRIVIÑO CUÉLLAR Jonathan
Published: May 2018

The issue of time appears in the analysis that the Bishop of Hippo makes of the account of creation in Genesis, and offers better understanding the nature of created things and with them, created time. The way Augustine understands reality allows us to understand his interpretation of Genesis, which enriches the treatise’s view of time in Book XI of Confessiones, since in De Genesi ad litteram and De civitate Dei Augustine addresses time, not as experiences the soul, but as a creature made with other creatures, and linked to change and movement.
El intelecto agente según Ignatio Vincentio / The Agent Intellect According to Ignatio Vincentio
Authors: SELLÉS Juan F.
Published: May 2018

In this work we review the three principal theses that Ignatio Vincentio, a Spanish thinker of the seventeenth century, defends about the agent intellect: 1) it is the same potency as the possible intellect, only with a formal distinction and plurality of names; 2) it has three tasks: a) to illuminate phantasmata, b) to make them intelligible in act, and c) to abstract the intelligible species from them; and 3) it will remain in the separated soul performing the same task as in the present situation [(in this life) ?], but without conversion to phantasmata.
El Tratado teológico-político de Spinoza y su trasfondo Judeo-Árabe / Spinoza's Tractatus theologico-politicus and His Judeo-Arabic Background
Authors: TORNERO Emilio
Published: May 2018

This study analyses Spinoza’s Tractatus theologico politicus from the point of view of the confrontation between revealed Scripture and philosophy, and links it with the history of this confrontation in Maimonides and the Arab philosophers, highlighting similarities and differences. The three key points of the analysis are the following: (1) Salvation through philosophy; (2) Salvation through religion; and (3) the guarantor of Salvation: political power.
Las paradojas de la Ley en Marsilio de Padua: formalismo y/o naturalismo jurídico en el Defensor Pacis / The Paradoxes of Law in Marsilio of Padua: Formalism and/or Legal Naturalism in Defensor Pacis
Authors: BERTELLONI Francisco
Published: May 2018

The Defensor pacis offers the possibility of solving the contradiction between formal law and material law. Marsilius of Padua proposes a reconciliation between harmonisation of law as formal positive rule (resulting from popular will) and law as a material norm (having its ultimate source in nature). If that antinomy admits conciliation, the Defensor pacis can be said to reconcile successfully two heterogeneous grounds of law, which in this case contradict each other only in appearance.
La interpretación hegeliana de la filosofía medieval / The Hegelian Interpretation of Medieval Philosophy
Authors: GINZO FERNÁNDEZ Arsenio
Published: May 2018

The article reveals the ambivalence of the Hegelian interpretation of medieval philosophy. Hegel shares the «anti-medieval» prejudice prevailing in modern thought since the Renaissance and Reformation. In Hegel, the Protestant heritage is especially strong. Yet when he observes the subjectivist tendencies of modern Protestant theology, he proposes, as a counter-model, the more speculative and philosophical approaches of medieval thinkers.One can thus speak of a «vindication» of medieval philosophy in Hegel´s thought, despite his anti-medieval prejudice.
Il nome della rosa di Umberto Eco e la storia della filosofia medievale / Umberto Eco's The Name of the Rose and the History of Medieval Philosophy
Authors: PIAIA Gregorio
Published: May 2018

What contribution has Umberto Eco’s historical fiction made to knowledge of the history of medieval philosophy? His first and most famous novel, The Name of the Rose (1980), had the merit of drawing the attention of the common reader to mediaeval thought, which is usually neglected and still not widely known. However, this portrayal was characterized by a negative and deforming image of medieval monasticism and its philosophical conceptions. By contrast the scholastic Middle Ages (Roger Bacon, Marsilius of Padua, and especially William of Ockham) were looked upon by Eco with very modern —even “postmodern”— eyes, so that very little was left of the Middle Ages themselves.
El horizonte del sol poniente. Una reflexión histórico-crítica sobre el Camino de Santiago / The Horizon of the Setting Sun. A historical-Critical Reflection on the St. James' Way
Authors: DOMÍNGUEZ REBOIRAS Fernando
Published: May 2018

One of the most remarkable features of the St. James’ Way in its heyday (12th to 15th centuries) was, no doubt, the consideration of St. James’ grave as the border of the Christian boundaries and cosmos. Compostela was the shrine at the end of the world; it marked the Western limit of the Christendom, i.e., Rome’s domains towards the setting sun. This constituted its strategic privilege and was the main source of its meaning: A way towards the end but with the willingness to start afresh. The Jacobean pilgrim did not look for any miraculous healing, but he longed for a renewed comeback to his ordinary life after he had put his life at risk and made that unique effort of experiencing the boundaries of the earth and the last skyline.
Domingo de Soto contra o direito de submeter os infiéis por idolatria, sodomia ou antropofagia / Domingo de Soto Against the Right of Submission the Unbelievers Due to Idolatry, Sodomy or Anthropophagy
Authors: MEIRINHOS José
Published: May 2018

Among the manuscripts containing works by the dominican Domingo de Soto (1494-1560) we find the acephalous and mutilated fragment Relectio an liceat civetate infidelium seu gentium expugnare ob idolatriam, titled by a later hand. Soto’s argument belongs to the context of the juridical, political and religious polemic on alleged rights to subdue unbelievers, staged by the junta gathered in Valladolid, in August and September 1550, to hear the arguments in favour, by Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda, and arguments against, by Bartolomé de las Casas, whose meeting Summary was written by Domingo de Soto himself. In the fragment An liceat, Soto unwaveringly takes upon himself the refutation of each argument deployed by proponents of the right to subdue and punish natives in the New World, asserting their state of non subjection to Christian norms before their convert. Bearing in mind its structure and arguments, it is conjectured that the text may have been written for the De iustitia et iure, published in 1554, and again in 1556, though, for unknown reasons, was not included in that work.
El averroismo hebreaico en los Reinos Cristianos. Desde el exilio hasta expulsión del Reino de Francia / The Hebraic Averroism in the Christian Kingdoms. From Exile Until the Expulsion of the Kingdom of France
Authors: MAHMUD Basem
Published: May 2018

This article examines the circulation of works produced by Jewish translators and authors whose ideas were based on Averroes’ philosophy during the 13th century. The objective is to determine the general features of Hebraic Averroism and its development in the socio-cultural context of this period. Aristotelianism was initially used to combat and defend against criticisms of «other beliefs» threatening the identity of the Jewish community, and to combat Jewish anti-rationalists. Because of a worsening situation and great social division in Jewish society at the end of the 13th century, Jewish Averroists prioritized the search for a solution that could guarantee unity of the community, that is, making religion (Judaism) and philosophy (Aristotelianism) live together in peace.
Homo quidam erat dives: lectura del Sermón 80 del maestro Eckhart a la luz del Liber de Causis / Homo quidam erat dives: Reading of Meister Eckhart Sermon 80 in Light of Liber de Causis
Authors: BAUCHWITZ Oscar F.
Published: May 2018

One of the Eckhart’s most challenging reflections is his analysis of the Biblical passage of beatitude of poverty (Mt. 5,3), developed in Sermon 52. What we seek here is the interpretation made by Eckhart of another Biblical passage, where he tries to think of which way wealth is the fundamental characteristic of God (Sermon 80). What interests us here is elucidate the use of Liber de Causis in his interpretation of such passage and to understand how in both passages one can relate the truly wealth with the truly poor
Pedagogía medieval hispana: transmisión de saberes en el bajo clero
Authors: SOTO RÁBANOS José M.
Published: May 2018

Clerical learning appears to have been an instrumental good rather than a good in its own right, in literature that was designed for those clerics who would have charge of parish churches. The acquisition of knowledge in the Middle Ages was justified and conditioned by the post that each person occupied in the Church and in society. The expression to know Latin or to know: grammar sums up the requirements for being a cleric.
La ley en el Defensor Minor de Marsilio de Padua
Authors: ROCHE ARNAS Pedro
Published: May 2018

Defensor Minor follows the basic objective of the works of Marsilio de Padua: the critique of the theocratic conception of papal power. Some of the aspects here studied include the nature of power, the differences and relationships between divine law and human law and the coactive character of both.
Circulus pendens ante tabernam
Authors: MUÑOZ GARCÍA Ángel
Published: May 2018

The use of the circle to signify wine was common medieval logicians. The author of this article studies the true sense in which those masters used it, making use of literature and the work of great logicians, such as Albert of Saxony and William of Ockham, to do so.
A los orígenes del pensamiento medieval español sobre la historia: Prudencio, Orosio, San Isidoro
Authors: RIVERA DE VENTOSA Enrique
Published: May 2018

At the source of the Hispanic thougt about history: Prudencius, Orosius and Isidore of Seville. The source of the Hispanic Medieval thougt comes out from the Roman-Hispanic writters: Prudentius, Orosius and Isidore of Seville. They are the starting point for a subsequent reflexion of the Hispanic Historiography in the Middle Ages. The three writter present an important change of mentality. The historic perspective is not the same in Prudentius as it is in Isidore, while Orosius is rather intermediate. Everyone has sis own way to know their mentality in order to penetrate into the secrets of our historic identity.
Conspecto do desenvolvimento da Filosofia em Portugal (Séculos XIII-XV)
Authors: SANTIAGO DE CARVALHO Mário
Published: May 2018

Concept of "Development" of the philosophy in Portugal. The paper deals with some major figures of Portuguese medieval philosophers. One tries also to explain how to envisage what could be a characteristic Portugues trend in his regional medieval thought.
Aristóteles en la España del S. XVI. Antecedentes, alcance y matices de su influencia
Authors: BRAVO GARCÍA Antonio
Published: May 2018

«Aristotle in Spain in sixteenth century. Background, significance and aspects of his influence». The aim of this paper is to explain, on the basis of some significant testimonies, the way in which Aristotelianism penetrates in Spain, and how this penetration of the new Aristotelian thought in the European countries reveals a permanent conflict between the Middle Age and the Renaissance, particularly in Spain, where the rediscovery and the use of the ancient authorities very often constitutes an important theoretical problem. The author shows some of these difficulties with examples from many fields (philosophy, science, literature).
El problema de la demostración de la existencia de Dios en el pensamiento de Ramón Llull
Authors: LLINÁS PUENTE Carlos
Published: May 2018

This present work refers briefly to the question about the possibility of demostrate the God's existence on the thougut of the blessed Ramon Llull. The question is a way between others to manifest the especific way that has Llull to understand the relationships between the reason and the faith. The comparisson with the same problem in the aristotelic sphere, mainly the thomist one, without becoming the central core of working, has just clarifiel the peculiar coherence of the internal constitution about the Lulian intelectus fidei.
Una fuente inédita de la doctrina de la suposición en Vicente Ferrer: la polémica Burleigh-Ockham
Authors: GARCÍA CUADRADO José A.
Published: May 2018

The 14th century controversy between William of Ockham and Walter Burleigh led to the publication of autonomous treatises on the theory of supposition, such as William Sutton's Textus de Suppositionibus. Significant parallels may be found between this treatise and the Tractatus de Suppositionibus of Vincent Ferrer; such coincidences lead to the formulation of the hypothesis of a direct influence of Sutton on Ferrer.
La naturaleza y el espacio en la estética medieval
Authors: LOMBA Joaquín
Published: May 2018

The subject of this article is to ex pond how the medieval art (christian-european and muslim) express a nature and space that depends on the own concept of the nature and space. On the other hand, his concept is different in the christian world and in the muslim one. Both of them mantain that nature and space, in contrast to Greece, are created, and depend on a Transcendental God. However, the nature and space in the muslim art is more dependent on Creator than in the christian one, and that become evident in the artistic forms.
El horizonte estético del hombre medieval. La perspectiva tomista
Authors: LOBATO Abelardo
Published: May 2018

To get approximative idea of the aesthetical horizon of the mediaeval man one has to refer to the relation between aesthetics and culture, to its subjected anthropology and to the various ground in wich man discovers beauty. The mediaeval man is related with beauty in the objective order of the realities of the world, in the moulding of one's personality through virtues and in the field of useful and beautiful a11s. Thomas Aquinas is an excellent guide for discovering the aesthetical horizon of the mediaeval man. The article shows the stages of this aesthetical course in the objective, subjective and projective world. The supremacy conforms with the attainment of beauty in the human being through acquisition of virtues, particulary those of contemplative life, owing to wich the moral and artistical ones adjust.
La estética musical en el medievo cristiano o un viaje estético a las formas musicales gregorianas
Authors: PRENSA VILLEGAS Luis
Published: May 2018

Speaking about musical aesthetics in the Christian Middle Age is speaking about the conditions of beauty in liturgical musical forms and, ultimately, about aesthetics in a kind that, with the passage of time, would be called «gregorian chant». And because the beauty of a musical work lies in its form, we will try to discover the human expressions contained in its repertoire: music is nothing more than the joyful or hurtful expression of human feeling because in it, the same as in the human soul, everything could be included.
Algunas consideraciones sobre estética musical árabe
Authors: CORTÉS GARCÍA Manuel
Published: May 2018

At the beginning, the poetry was considered as the genesis of the arabic art, and after then the prose of adab, both of them appeared with the idea of the "beauty science". This idea would be projected on the music. On the other hand, the greek heritage of the classic arabic philosophy legacy was reflected during the first manuscripts of the arabic philosophers and musical theoreticians as al-Kindf (s.IX) and al-Farabf (s.X), as a result appeared a new conception of the "beauty" and "aesthetic". By this way, taking as a point of reference the greek classical world, the new parameters would appear as an result of this own reality and idiosyncrasy. Their poetry and musical legacy, joined to the philosopher and religious mind would complete the work of the "aesthetic musical art". The study of the arabic middle music prove that the harmony in the poetry, lingüistic and rhitmycal contents, go in parallel with the melodic content until it reached a harmonic relation and in definitive cosmic, and as a result an "aesthetic ideal". This ideal was based on "beauty" and the "aesthetic emotion" produced by the art and all that as reflet to the harmonic until the corp and the spirit and oriented to the spherical work and to the divinity.
La muerte del caballero
Authors: ROMERO DE SOLÍS Diego
Published: May 2018

The idea of life is linked to the attitude towards death, in order to understand the aesthetic experience of Poema de Mio Cid and Manrique's Coplas. The symbolic horizons which grow from the Epic and the Lyric enphasize the tragic character of the hero.
El tema de los universales en Juan de Salisbury
Authors: RAÑA DAFONTE César
Published: May 2018

This work presents the information that John of Salisbury provides us in his Metalogicon about the problem of the universals in the 12º century. He is especially careful when he treats Aristotle's solution, philosopher for whom hi shows great admiration.
Avicenna and the Liber de Causis: a contribution to the dossier
Authors: D'ANCONA COSTA Cristina
Published: May 2018

Taking as a starting point the knowledge that the Arab world had of the Neoplatonic texts ascribed to Aristotle, such as the Pseudo-Theology and the Liber de Causis, the author of this study investigates the possible knowledge that Avicenna had of this under book, well-known in the Arab world under the title of Kalam fi mahd al hayr. In order to demonstrate this, she provides an analysis of four passages that belong to the Metaphysics of the great philosophical encyclopaedia Al-Sifa' («The cure»).
La metodología de las ciencias según Boecio: su recepción en las obras y traducciones de Domingo Gundisalvo
Authors: FIDORA Alexander
Published: May 2018

Scholars during the last century dealing with the transmission of knowledge in the work of Gundissalinus have been paying much -if not exclusive- attention to his reception and integration of Arabo-Jewish elements. However, it seems indispensable for a suitable understanding of this process of integration to take into account also the archdeacon's reception of the Latin-Christian, tradition, for it conditions the aforesaid process. Starting from Gundissalinus' reception of Boethius' methodology of the sciences, the present article pretends to show how the problems Gundissalinus encountered in his own tradition affect his reception and his translation of the Arabo-Jewish philosophy.
Sobre angeología y profecía en Maimónides
Authors: RÍOS ROJAS Antonio
Published: May 2018

The image of the angel in the various forms which appears both in the Holy Bible and in Philosophiy is exactly a reality that draws the limits of human understanding. At the same time, it naturally transfixes such understanding, carrying the latter to its climax in intuition and prophetic knowledge. Maimonides' vision of angelic reality reaches these very same achievemants in gnoseology but furthermore it reaches new dimensions. The latter had already been glimpsed at in the presocratic world in relation to metaphysics and the sense of the living.
La relación entre teología y antropología filosófica en el Liber creaturarum de Ramón Sibiuda
Authors: FIDORA Alexander
Published: May 2018

One of last century's most suggestive solutions to the problem of the relation between faith and reason may be found in the reconciliation of nature and supernature as proposed by the so-called "Nouvelle Theologie" and which has been taken on by Karl Rahner and his "transcendental-anthropologic" approach. Yet, this solution is not absolutely unprecedented in the history of Theology and Philosophy as is shown by the interesting case of Ramon Sibiuda, whose Liber creaturarum, which was written some time before 1436, proposes precisely a Philosophical Anthropology as the privileged access to Theology and its mysteries of faith. The present paper depicts the general outlines of Sibiuda's argumentation while it points out the actuality of some of his key concepts, as, for instance, experience and the natural desire towards God.
El entendimiento agente en Maimónides
Authors: ORTEGA MUÑOZ Juan Fernando
Published: May 2018

The guide for the Perplexed is one of the most interesting books of the Medieval Philosophie. It is saturated of Arabic culture and it takes root in the intelectual and religious tradition of the Judaism.
La question de l'intellect agent dans le Clipeus Thomistarum (1481) de Pierre Schwarz
Authors: BONINO O.P. Serge T.
Published: May 2018

At the end of the Middle Ages, the friar Dominican Peter Schwarz (Petrus Nigri) wrote The shield of the Thomists (Clipeus thomistarum). It is a handly book of philosophy in which he presents the main thesis of thomist school, between them is the theory of active intellect.
Una nueva filosofía de la astrología en los siglos XII y XIII: el impacto de las traducciones del árabe y la postura de Santo Tomas de Aquino
Authors: VICENTE GARCÍA Luis M.
Published: May 2018

This article studies the Christian Church change of attitude during the XII and XIII centuries towards the problem of the stars and the effort of Saint Thomas Aquinas to build a new philosophy in order to assimilate the knowledge coming from the new translations of scientific works during that time. The Arabic and Jewish contributions were essential for such a change.
Una nueva filosofía de la astrología en los siglos XII y XIII: el impacto de las traducciones del árabe y la postura de Santo Tomás de Aquino
Authors: VICENTE GARCÍA Luis M.
Published: May 2018

This article studies the Christian Church change of attitude during the XII and XIII centuries towards the problem of the stars and the effort of Saint Thomas Aquinas to build a new philosophy in order to assimilate the knowledge coming from the new translations of scientific works during that time. The Arabic and Jewish contributions were essential for such a change.
The Several Activities of 4 - Methyl Pyrazole in Animals and Humans
Authors: Iaquinto Gaetano
Published: May 2018

4-MP is a potent competitive inhibitor of ADH activity with an affinity about a 1000 times more than
toxic alcohols. 4-MP was shown to reduce the formation of toxic metabolites in lethal methanol and ethylene
glycol poisoning in animal models and in methanol poisoning in humans. 4-MP has long-lasting gastroprotective
effect against ethanol and other chemically induced acute gastric mucosa lesions in rats. We showed, for the first
time, that 4-MP also provides significant protection of the human stomach against alcohol induced acute mucosal
injury.
Pyrano[3,2-c]quinoline Derivatives as New Class of α-glucosidase Inhibitors to Treat Type 2 Diabetes: Synthesis, in vitro Biological Evaluation and Kinetic Study
Authors: Heydari Zahra , Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani Maryam , Imanparast Somaye , Faramarzi Mohammad A. , Mahdavi Mohammad , Ranjbar Parviz R. , Larijani Bagher
Published: May 2018

Background:

Pyrano[3,2-c]quinoline derivatives 6a–n were synthesized via simple
two-step reactions and evaluated for their in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Methods: Pyrano[3,2-c]quinoline derivatives 6a–n derivatives were prepared from a two-step reaction:
cycloaddition reaction between 1-naphthyl amine 1 and malonic acid 2 to obtain
benzo[h]quinoline-2(1H)-one 3 and reaction of 3 with aryl aldehydes 4 and Meldrum’s acid 5. The
anti- α-glucosidase activity and kinetic study of the synthesized compounds were evaluated using
α-glucosidase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and p-nitrophenyl-a-D-glucopyranoside as substrate.
The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of acarbose was evaluated as positive control.

Results:

All of the synthesized compounds, except compounds 6i and 6n, showed more inhibitory
activity than the standard drug acarbose and were also found to be non-cytotoxic. Among the synthesized
compounds, 1-(2-bromophenyl)-1H-benzo[h]pyrano[3,2-c]quinoline-3,12(2H,11H)-dione
6e displayed the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 = 63.7 ± 0.5 µM). Kinetic study of
enzyme inhibition indicated that the most potent compound, 6e, is a non-competitive inhibitor of
α-glucosidase with a Ki value of 72 µM. Additionally, based on the Lipinski rule of 5, the
synthesized compounds were found to be potential orally active drugs.

Conclusion:

Our results suggest that the synthesized compounds are promising candidates for
treating type 2 diabetes.
Using Smartphone Apps to Promote Psychiatric Rehabilitation in a Peer-Led Community Support Program: Pilot Study
Authors: Mueller Nora E , Panch Trishan , Macias Cathaleene , Cohen Bruce M , Ongur Dost , Baker Justin T
Published: May 2018

Background

Management of severe and persistent mental illness is a complex, resource-intensive challenge for individuals, their families, treaters, and the health care system at large. Community-based rehabilitation, in which peer specialists provide support for individuals managing their own condition, has demonstrated effectiveness but has only been implemented in specialty centers. It remains unclear how the peer-based community rehabilitation model could be expanded, given that it requires significant resources to both establish and maintain.

Objective

Here, we describe the results from a study of one such program implemented within Waverley Place, a community support program at McLean Hospital, emphasizing psychiatric rehabilitation for individuals with severe and persistent mental illness, as well as describing the challenges encountered during the implementation of the program. Key questions were whether the patients could, and would, successfully use the app.

Methods

The smartphone app offered multiple features relevant to psychiatric rehabilitation, including daily task lists, activity tracking, and text messaging with peer specialists. A 90-day program of activities, goals, and content specific to the community support program was created on the basis of a prior pilot, in collaboration between members of the app development team (WellFrame), and peers, clinical, and research staff associated with the program. Hospital research staff recruited patients into the study, monitored peer and patient engagement, and handled all raw data acquired from the study.

Results

Of 100 people approached for the study, a total of 13 provided consent, of which 10 downloaded and used the app. Two patients were unable to complete the app installation. Five used the app regularly as part of their daily lives for at least 20 days of the 90-day program. We were unable to identify any specific factors (eg, clinical or demographic) that affected willingness to consent or engage with the app platform in the very limited sample, although the individuals with significant app use were generally satisfied with the experience.

Conclusions

Smartphone apps may become a useful tool for psychiatric rehabilitation, addressing both psychiatric and co-occurring medical problems. Individualizing functions to each patient and facilitating connection with a certified peer specialist may be an important feature of useful apps. Unlike prior reports emphasizing that patients with schizophrenia will adopt smartphone platforms, we found that implementation of digital tools into existing community support programs for severe and persistent mental illness has many challenges yet to be fully overcome to realize the potential benefits such apps could have to promote systematization and cost reduction for psychiatric rehabilitation.
Generating Engagement on the Make Healthy Normal Campaign Facebook Page: Analysis of Facebook Analytics (Preprint)
Authors: Kite James , Grunseit Anne , Li Vincy , Vineburg John , Berton Nathan , Bauman Adrian , Freeman Becky
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND

Facebook is increasingly being used as part of mass media campaigns in public health, including the Make Healthy Normal (MHN) campaign in New South Wales, Australia. Therefore, it is important to understand what role Facebook can play in mass media campaigns and how best to use it to augment or amplify campaign effects. However, few studies have explored this.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to investigate usage of and engagement with the MHN Facebook page and to identify influential factors in driving engagement with the page.

METHODS

We examined both post-level and page-level analytic data from Facebook from the campaign’s launch in June 2015 to September 2017. For post-level data, we conducted a series of negative binomial regressions with four different outcome measures (likes, shares, comments, post consumers), including some characteristics of Facebook posts as predictors. We also conducted time series analyses to examine associations between page-level outcomes (new page likes or “fans” and number of engaged users) and different measures of exposure to the page (number of unique users reached and total count of impressions) and to television advertising.

RESULTS

Of the 392 posts reviewed, 20.7% (n=81) received a paid boost and 58.9% (n=231) were photo posts. We found that posts that received a paid boost reached significantly more users and subsequently received significantly more engagement than organic (unpaid) posts (P<.001). After adjusting for reach, we found the effect of being paid was incremental for all outcome measures for photos and links, but not videos. There were also associations between day of the week and time of post and engagement, with Mondays generally receiving less engagement and posts on a Friday and those made between 8 AM and 5 PM receiving more. At the page level, our time series analyses found that organic impressions predicted a higher number of new fans and engaged users, compared to paid impressions, especially for women. We also found no association between television advertising and engagement with the Facebook page.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study shows that paying for posts is important for increasing their reach, but that page administrators should look to maximize organic reach because it is associated with significantly higher engagement. Once reach is accounted for, video posts do not benefit from being paid, unlike the other post types. This suggests that page administrators should carefully consider how they use videos as part of a Facebook campaign. Additionally, the lack of association between television advertising and engagement suggests that future campaigns consider how best to link different channels to amplify effects. These results highlight the need for ongoing evaluation of Facebook pages if administrators are to maximize engagement.
Expanding Opportunities for Professional Development: Utilization of Twitter by Early Career Women in Academic Medicine and Science (Preprint)
Authors: Lewis Jaime D , Fane Kathleen E , Ingraham Angela M , Khan Ayesha , Mills Anne M , Pitt Susan C , Ramo Danielle , Wu Roseann I , Pollart Susan M
Published: May 2018

UNSTRUCTURED

The number of women entering medical school and careers in science is increasing; however, women remain the minority of those in senior faculty and leadership positions. Barriers contributing to the shortage of women in academics and academic leadership are numerous, including a shortage of role models and mentors. Thus, achieving equity in a timelier manner will require more than encouraging women to pursue these fields of study or waiting long enough for those in the pipelines to be promoted. Social media provides new ways to connect and augments traditional forms of communication. These alternative avenues may allow women in academic medicine to obtain the support they are otherwise lacking. In this perspective, we reflect on the role of Twitter as a supplemental method for navigating the networks of academic medicine. The discussion includes the use of Twitter to obtain (1) access to role models, (2) peer-to-peer interactions, and continuous education, and (3) connections with those entering the pipeline—students, trainees, and mentees. This perspective also offers suggestions for developing a Twitter network. By participating in the “Twittersphere,” women in academic medicine may enhance personal and academic relationships that will assist in closing the gender divide.
Social Networking App Use Among Primary Health Care Professionals: Web-Based Cross-Sectional Survey (Preprint)
Authors: Marin-Gomez Francesc X , Garcia Cuyas Francesc , Reig-Bolano Ramon , Mendioroz Jacobo , Roura-Poch Pere , Pico-Nicolau Margalida , Vidal-Alaball Josep
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND

Several studies have been conducted to analyze the role social networks play in communication between patients and health professionals. However, there is a shortage of studies in relation to communication among primary health professionals, in a professional context, using the various mobile phone apps available.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of our study was to explore mobile phone social networking app use among primary health care professionals for work-related purposes, by comparing the most widely used apps in the market.

METHODS

We undertook a cross-sectional study using an anonymous Web survey among a convenience sample of 1635 primary health care professionals during August and September 2017.

RESULTS

Of 483 participants in the survey, 474 (98.1%, 95% CI 97.1%-99.4%) were health professionals who commonly accessed social networking sites and 362 (74.9%, 95% CI 71.1%-78.8%) accessed the sites in a work-related context. Of those 362 respondents, 219 (96.7%, 95% CI 94.8%-98.5%) preferred WhatsApp for both personal and professional uses. Of the 362 respondents who used social networking sites in a work-related context, 276 (76.2%, 95% CI 71.9%-80.6%) rated social networking sites as useful or very useful to solve clinical problems, 261 (72.1%, 95% CI 67.5%-76.7%) to improve their professional knowledge, and 254 (70.2%, 95% CI 65.5%-74.9%) to speed up the transmission of clinical information. Most of them (338/362, 94.8%, 95% CI 92.5%-97.0%) used social networking sites for interprofessional communications, and 204 of 362 (56.4%, 95% CI 51.2%-61.5%) used them for pharmacological-related consultations.

CONCLUSIONS

Health professionals frequently accessed social networking sites using their mobile phones and often for work-related issues. This trend suggests that social networking sites may be useful tools in primary care settings, but we need to ensure the security of the data transfer process to make sure that social networking sites are used appropriately. Health institutions need to increase information and training activities to ensure the correct use of these tools.
Involuntary Attention Restoration During Exposure to Mobile-Based 360° Virtual Nature in Healthy Adults With Different Levels of Restorative Experience: Event-Related Potential Study (Preprint)
Authors: Chung Kyungmi , Lee Daeho , Park Jin Young
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND

With the global trend of urbanization, there are increasing reports of a possible association between decreased exposure to nature and increased occurrence of mental disorders. New 360° virtual reality (VR) technology using smartphones and portable VR glasses can overcome spatial and temporal limitations to help people deal with mental fatigue in everyday life.

OBJECTIVE

On the basis of attention restoration theory (ART), this study aimed to investigate whether the amplitude of the mismatch negativity (MMN)/P3a complex could act as an event-related potential (ERP) biomarker of involuntary attention restoration during exposure to 360° virtual nature in healthy young adults with different levels of restorative VR experience.

METHODS

A total of 40 healthy adults completed prequestionnaires on demographics and simulator sickness and postquestionnaires on simulator sickness and perceived restorativeness before and after exposure to virtual nature, respectively. During the VR exposure, brain activity was measured by electroencephalography as participants were asked to conduct a 2-tone passive auditory oddball task.

RESULTS

The amplitude and latency of the MMN/P3a complex were compared between individuals reporting a highly restorative experience and those reporting a less restorative experience. Although viewing a virtual nature environment, the high restorative group (N=19) exhibited significantly reduced P3a amplitudes compared with the low restorative group (N=20; t38=2.57; P=.02; d=0.59). Particularly, a moderate but significant negative correlation was found between the self-reported restorativeness scores and the P3a amplitudes at the fronto-central region (r=−.38; P=.02). However, the latency of the MMN/P3a complex did not significantly differ between the 2 groups (auditory mismatch negativity: t38=−1.47; P=.15 and P3a: t38=−0.31; P=.76).

CONCLUSIONS

Considering individuals’ restorative experience, the amplitude of the fronto-central MMN/P3a complex can potentially be employed as a distinct ERP component of interest in involuntary attention restoration during virtual nature experience in healthy young adults. The findings for the 360° virtual nature experience seem to be consistent with those of previous ERP studies on the effects of meditation practice. This study extends the findings of previous ART and ERP studies of real-world meditation, restoration, and mental fatigue management into the virtual world created by mobile phone–based VR glasses and 360° video content.
The U.S. Shampoo Market: A Competitive Profile
Authors: Datta Y.
Published: May 2018

Porter associates high market share with cost leadership strategy which is based on the idea of competing on a price that is lower than that of the competition. But, customer-perceived quality-not low cost-should be the foundation of competitive strategy, because it is far more important to long-term competitive position and profitability than any other factor. So, a superior alternative is to offer better quality vs. the competition.

In most consumer markets a business seeking market share leadership should try to serve the middle class by competing in the mid-price segment: and offering quality better than that of the competition: at a somewhat higher price to connote an image of quality, and to ensure the strategy is both profitable and sustainable in the long run.

Quality, however, is a complex concept, consumers generally find difficult to comprehend. So, they often use relative price and a brand’s reputation as a symbol of quality.

The U.S. Shampoo market is very competitive and consists of a large number of brands. Most brands are sold at supermarkets, drug stores, discount stores, and department stores. However, many premium and super-premium brands—called salon brands—are sold by beauty salons.

The salon shampoo segment had captured 11.4% of market share in 2008.

Most of the shampoos covered in this study are general-purpose shampoos—with the exception of five anti-dandruff and two psoriasis brands. Almost all are aimed at women. However, three are for men, one for babies, and four for kids.

One characteristic of this market is the proliferation of bottle sizes that ranged all the way from 1 to 42 oz. These can be classified into three broad size groups. By far the largest is the medium group (11.6-15.4 oz) with a market share of 52%; next is the large group (22.5-25.4 oz) with a 17% market share; and small (8-11.5 oz) with a market share of 14%.

We tested two hypotheses: (1) That a market leader is likely to compete in the mid-price segment, and (2) That the unit price of the market leader is likely to be somewhat higher than that of the nearest competition. Employing U.S. retail sales data for 2008 and 2007, we found that Procter and Gamble’s (P&G) Pantene, the overall market leader, was a member of the mid-price segment for both years—and for all three bottle-size groups.

However, the results did not support the second hypothesis. This is because the runner-up happened to be P&G’s Head & Shoulders anti-dandruff shampoo: a type of specialty shampoo that is generally priced higher than general-purpose shampoos.

Another notable result is that we found strong support for the notion that relative price is a strategic variable.

Finally, we discovered four strategic groups in the industry.
Vietnamese Double Negative
Authors: LAN BUI KIM
Published: May 2018

Affirmation and negation are the most basic forms of language in each language. Many things can be expressed either in affirmative or in negative way. In the Vietnamese language system, using negative expressions is more abundant than using affirmative ones. Because of this, the use of negatives in spoken Vietnamese is relatively high. Double negative is a common language phenomenon in Vietnamese spoken language, but there is not much research about double negative. The following is a preliminary understanding of the grammar and semantics, as well as a study of double negative forms in Vietnamese.
Genome-Wide Association Study of Serum Fructosamine and Glycated Albumin in Adults Without Diagnosed Diabetes: Results From the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Authors: Loomis Stephanie J. , Li Man , Maruthur Nisa M. , Baldridge Abigail S. , North Kari E. , Mei Hao , Morrison Alanna , Carson April P. , Pankow James S. , Boerwinkle Eric , Scharpf Robert , Rasmussen-Torvik Laura J. , Coresh Josef , Duggal Priya , Köttgen Anna , Selvin Elizabeth
Published: May 2018

Fructosamine and glycated albumin are potentially useful alternatives to hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) as diabetes biomarkers. The genetic determinants of fructosamine and glycated albumin, however, are unknown. We performed genome-wide association studies of fructosamine and glycated albumin among 2,104 black and 7,647 white participants without diabetes in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study and replicated findings in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Among whites, rs34459162, a novel missense single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in RCN3, was associated with fructosamine (P = 5.3 × 10−9) and rs1260236, a known diabetes-related missense mutation in GCKR, was associated with percent glycated albumin (P = 5.9 × 10−9) and replicated in CARDIA. We also found two novel associations among blacks: an intergenic SNP, rs2438321, associated with fructosamine (P = 6.2 × 10−9), and an intronic variant in PRKCA, rs59443763, associated with percent glycated albumin (P = 4.1 × 10−9), but these results did not replicate. Few established fasting glucose or HbA1c SNPs were also associated with fructosamine or glycated albumin. Overall, we found genetic variants associated with the glycemic information captured by fructosamine and glycated albumin as well as with their nonglycemic component. This highlights the importance of examining the genetics of hyperglycemia biomarkers to understand the information they capture, including potential glucose-independent factors.