bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A water-soluble AIE-gen for organic-solvent-free detection and wash-free imaging of Al3+ ions and subsequent sensing of F− ions and DNA tracking
Authors: Hiremath Sharanabasava D. , Gawas Ram U. , Mascarenhas Starlaine C. , Ganguly Anasuya , Banerjee Mainak , Chatterjee Amrita
Published: February 2019

A water-soluble TPE-based AIEgen (TPE-diBuS) was developed for organic-solvent-free detection of Al3+ ions and its wash-free cell imaging. The TPE-diBuS-Al ensemble was used for the detection of F− ions and DNA tracking.
Asymmetric organocatalytic conjugated addition of pyrazolin-5-ones to ortho-quinomethanes: construction of vicinal tertiary and all-carbon quaternary stereocenters
Authors: Chu Ming-Ming , Qi Suo-Suo , Ju Wan-Zhen , Wang Yi-Feng , Chen Xue-Yang , Xu Dan-Qian , Xu Zhen-Yuan
Published: February 2019

An organocatalytic conjugated addition of pyrazolin-5-ones to ortho-quinomethanes was developed to construct the vicinal tertiary and all-carbon quaternary stereocenters.
Nickel-catalyzed C–H bond trifluoromethylation of 8-aminoquinoline derivatives by acyl-directed functionalization
Authors: Liu Xiaochong , Mao Guijie , Qiao Jingyi , Xu Chunzhao , Liu Hao , Ma Junjie , Sun Zhizhong , Chu Wenyi
Published: February 2019

A Ni(TFA)2-catalyzed ortho-trifluoromethylation of 8-aminoquinoline derivatives was developed by C–H bond acyl-directed functionalization.
Precursor-mediated size tuning of monodisperse PtRh nanocubes as efficient electrocatalysts for ethylene glycol oxidation
Authors: Gao Fei , Zhang Yangping , Song Pingping , Wang Jin , Song Tongxin , Wang Cheng , Song Li , Shiraishi Yukihide , Du Yukou
Published: February 2019

We firstly report a reliable method to synthesize PtRh-S and PtRh-L NCs with different size of 5.5 and 10.5 nm. PtRh-S NCs show much better electrochemical activity and stability than PtRh-L NCs and pure Pt NCs towards EGOR.
Probing attack of share‐serial threshold implementation of advanced encryption standard
Authors: Sugawara T. , Li Y. , Sakiyama K.
Published: February 2019

The authors present the first security evaluation of the side‐channel attack countermeasure called the share‐serial threshold implementation proposed by Wegener and Moradi. In the share‐serial threshold implementation, all the component functions are processed using a unified circuit thereby reducing total circuit area. They show that the share‐serial threshold implementation is vulnerable to probing attack using a single probe. In the proposed attack, an attacker places a single probe on a wire in the unified circuit and read the target wire over multiple cycles. The attacker can recover unshared 1‐bit intermediate value by combining the measured data. The attack highlights an interesting difference between side‐channel analysis and probing attack. The authors also evaluate the number of cipher calls to attack the block cipher advanced encryption standard (AES).
Dexterous robotic manipulation via a dynamic sliding mode force/position control with bounded inputs
Authors: Pliego‐Jiménez Javier , Arteaga‐Pérez Marco , Sánchez‐Sánchez Pablo
Published: February 2019

Grasping and manipulation are common robotic tasks which require to properly control the interaction forces and position of multiple robots end‐effectors. In this study, the authors focus on the problem of dexterous manipulation of rigid objects by means of a cooperative robotic system. Unlike several works, they consider the more complex case when the manipulated object is not mechanically attached to the robots' end‐effectors. In addition, they address the control problem of designing a control law with continuous and bounded input torques for cooperative robots in constrained motion. To guarantee a stable grasp and a fine manipulation a centralised control algorithm based on the Orthogonalisation principle and a dynamic sliding mode control is proposed. The control algorithm does not require the knowledge of the dynamic model of the robot manipulators and manipulated object for implementation. Experimental results are presented to show the good performance of the proposed controller. In addition, the stability analysis of the closed‐loop dynamics is developed.
Identification and adaptive multi‐dimensional Taylor network control of single‐input single‐output non‐linear uncertain time‐varying systems with noise disturbances
Authors: Zhang Chao , Yan Hong‐Sen
Published: February 2019

In this paper, an adaptive control approach based on the multi‐dimensional Taylor network (MTN) is proposed to control the non‐linear uncertain time‐varying systems with noise disturbances. MTNs are introduced to formulate adaptive filtering, non‐linear identification and optimal control. First, an MTN filter is developed to eliminate the control interference and measurement noise, so that the model output without stochastic disturbance can be obtained. Then, an MTN identifier (MTNI) is so designed as to be capable of dynamic mapping and require fewer weights than traditional neural networks. On the basis of the above, the MTN controller (MTNC) is developed to realise the precise tracking control of the system. The non‐linear uncertain time‐varying system is identified by MTNI, which then provides sensitivity information of the plant to MTNC to make it adaptive. Furthermore, the skeletonisation algorithm is adopted to remove redundant inputs and redundant regression items from MTNI and MTNC for concise MTNs. Successful convergence and faster learning are guaranteed using the Lyapunov theorem, and the optimal learning rates are identified. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach features its accurate identification, excellent tracking and better anti‐interference capability for the adaptive real‐time control of uncertain, stochastic and time‐varying non‐linear systems.
The Adrenal Gland: Central Relay in Health and Disease
Authors: Reincke Martin , Beuschlein Felix , Bornstein Stefan , Eisenhofer Graeme , Fassnacht Martin , Reisch Nicole , Williams Tracy
Published: February 2019

Diseases of the adrenal gland are as important for the general practitioner as for the endocrine specialist. The high prevalence of some adrenal endocrinopathies, such as adrenal incidentalomas (1–2% of the population) and primary aldosteronism (6% of hypertensives), which affect millions of patients, makes adrenal diseases a relevant health issue. The high morbidity and mortality of some of the rarer adrenal diseases, i. e., Addison’s disease and Cushing’s syndrome (Table 1), make early detection and appropriate treatment such a challenge for the health care system.
Arzneimittelzulassung in Europa
Authors: Leippert Claudia
Published: February 2019

Ein Kongressbeitrag auf dem FEND 2018 (dem Kongress der „Foundation of European Nurses in Diabetes“, ein europäischer Kongress für nicht-ärztliche Diabetesexperten) handelte von der Europäischen Arzneimittelagentur („European Medical Agency“; EMA) und ihren Aufgaben. Die EMA ist im medizinischen Alltag nicht sehr präsent, spielt jedoch für die meisten Health Care Professionals (HCPs) tatsächlich eine gewisse Rolle.
Das Prader-Labhart-Willi-Syndrom (PWS)
Authors: Kiess W. , Gesing J. , Körner A. , Sergeyev E. , Merkenschlager A. , Kapellen T. , Pfäffle R.
Published: February 2019

Genetische Erkrankungen, die mit Adipositas einhergehen, sind nicht selten. Viele dieser Adipositas-Syndrome weisen ein charakteristisches Präsentationsalter, einen komplexen Phänotyp, zum Teil aber auch eine überlappende klinische Symptomatologie auf. Letztere Tatsache unterstreicht, dass bei einigen dieser Syndrome gemeinsame zelluläre Signalübertragungswege gestört und betroffen sind. Die Ursache der Adipositas ist zumeist eine gestörte Appetit- und Sättigungsregulation im Zentralnervensystem (Hypothalamus). Wenn die genetischen Hintergründe dieser Syndrome einmal komplett verstanden sind, werden neue Ursachen-bezogene Therapien verfügbar sein. Das Prader-Labhart-Willi-Syndrom (PWS) ist das häufigste Adipositas-Syndrom und wird durch einen Verlust an „Imprinted”-Genen auf dem Chromosom 15q11-13 verursacht. Die Häufigkeit des PWS beläuft sich auf ca. 1 in 30.000 Lebendgeborenen. Weitere genetische Adipositas-Syndrome sind zum Beispiel das Alström-Syndrom, das Cohen-Syndrom, die Albright’s hereditäre Osteodystrophie (Pseudohypopa-rathyreoidismus) und das Carpenter-Syndrom. Außerdem gehören das MOMO-Syndrom, das Rubinstein-Taybi-Syndrom und Deletionen auf den Chromosomen 1, 2, 6 und 9 sowie weitere genetische Syndrome zu den Adipositas-Syndromen. Im Neugeborenenalter und in der frühen Kindheit sind eine auffallende muskuläre Hypotonie, typische faziale Auffälligkeiten wie mandelförmige Augen, sowie eine helle Hautfarbe und schmale Finger und Zehen hinweisend. Im Kleinkindes- und im Schulkindalter fallen eine zunehmende Hyperphagie mit der daraus folgenden Adipositas und die kognitiven Defizite mit Sprachverzögerung und verzögertem Erreichen der Entwicklungs-Meilensteine auf. Im späten Schulalter sind neben der mentalen Retardierung Verhaltensauffälligkeiten für die Familien der Betroffenen belastend. Hypogonadismus oder eine zu früh einsetzende Pubertät mit späterem Abbrechen der Pubertätsentwicklung oder ein PWS-assoziierter Diabetes kommen häufig vor. Multidisziplinäre Therapiestrategien umfassen Physio- und Ergotherapie, Logopädie, eine bereits früh zu beginnende Wachstums-Hormontherapie, begleitende Betreuung an einem Sozialpädiatrischen Zentrum mit Zugang zu sozialmedizinischer Versorgung mit Sozialarbeit und der Mitarbeit von Psychologen und Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatern sind heute der Standard in der Betreuung von PatientInnen mit PWS und ihren Familien. Die deutsche Prader-Willi-Vereinigung ist eine Selbsthilfegruppe mit einem breiten Netzwerk von betroffenen Familien und Unterstützern. Sie bietet hervorragende Hilfsstrategien und Unterstützung für Betroffene und ihre Familien. In der hier vorliegenden kurzen Abhandlung sollen wichtige Kerndaten zum PWS für die Früherkennung und praktische Arbeit mit den Betroffenen zusammengefasst werden.
Volvulus der Kolonscheibe bei einem
Zwergziegenbock
Authors: Wagener Matthias Gerhard , Grimm Lucie Marie , Koch Wibke , Blume Robert , Altrock Alexandra von , Meilwes Johanna , Punsmann Teresa , Schwennen Cornelia , Kloker Anja , Ganter Martin
Published: February 2019

Bei kleinen Wiederkäuern ist ein Volvulus des Darms ein seltener, in der
Literatur nur vereinzelt dokumentierter Befund. Der Bericht beschreibt den Fall
eines Volvulus der Kolonscheibe bei einer Zwergziege. Das Tier zeigte ein
hochgradig gestörtes Allgemeinbefinden mit Schockgeschehen und wies ein
schmerzhaftes Abdomen sowie eine ballonartige Struktur im rechten dorsalen
Abdomen auf. Bei der diagnostischen Laparotomie wurde eine Rotation der
Kolonscheibe um 360° nach rechts diagnostiziert. Das Tier starb intraoperativ an
einem Herz-Kreislauf-Versagen. Die Ursache des Volvulus bleibt ungeklärt.
Neues zur Prävalenz von Übergewicht und Adipositas im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Gausche R. , Beger C. , Kess A. , Körner A. , Kiess W.
Published: February 2019

Die hohe Prävalenz von Übergewicht und Adipositas gehört mit ihren Konsequenzen für Prävention, Diagnostik und Therapie seit längerer Zeit zu den großen Herausforderungen in der Pädiatrie. Der nachweisbare Anstieg der Prävalenz bis in die frühen 2000er-Jahre setzt sich in Ländern mit hohem Einkommensniveau momentan nicht weiter fort. Für Deutschland bestätigen insbesondere die Ergebnisse der KiGGS-Studie, die Analyse der Schulaufnahmedaten und die Auswertungen aus dem kinderärztlichen Netzwerk CrescNet dieses Untersuchungsergebnis. Einige Arbeiten belegen den Anstieg der Prävalenz extremer Adipositas bzw. die Zunahme abdomineller Adipositas bei jüngeren Kindern. Auswertungen aus dem Kinderärztenetzwerk bestätigen den Stabilisierungstrend. Bei Beurteilung in den Kategorien Übergewicht (p90-< 97), Adipositas (p97-p99,5) und extremer Adipositas (> p99,5) konnten eine prozentuale Zunahme extremer Adipositas bei älteren Kindern (11-17 Jahre) und eine Zunahme von Kindern mit Messwerten zwischen der 90. und 97. Perzentile in der Altersgruppe 0-2 festgestellt werden.
Zahnärztliche Notfälle auf Reisen
Authors: Strobel Sabrina
Published: February 2019

Zahnmedizinische Notfälle auf Reisen können die Betroffenen vor erhebliche Probleme stellen, je nach Reiseland und Entfernung zur nächstgelegenen zahnmedizinischen Einrichtung. Um solche Zwischenfälle unterwegs möglichst zu vermeiden, ist grundsätzlich vor jedem Reiseantritt eine rechtzeitige Vorstellung beim heimatnahen Zahnarzt mit entsprechender Beratung, Prophylaxe und Behandlung empfehlenswert. Unterwegs erfordern echte Notfälle, wie dentogene Abszesse oder Traumata, unbedingt eine umgehende zahnärztliche Behandlung. Demgegenüber tolerieren Schmerzfälle, wie kleinere Zahnfrakturen, kariöse Läsionen oder beginnende Entzündungen des Zahnnervs, nach korrekter Einschätzung der Situation, einen begrenzten Aufschub der Behandlung und können mit einer entsprechend ausgestatteten Reiseapotheke eine gewisse Zeit überbrückt werden. Der vorliegende Text soll ein Verständnis für mögliche zahnmedizinische Vorkommnisse auf Reisen sowie Empfehlungen zur zahnmedizinischen Reisevorbereitung geben.
Adipositas in der Antike
Authors: Schubert Charlotte
Published: February 2019

Dickleibigkeit ist in der Geschichte unserer westlichen Gesellschaft seit der Antike ein vielbehandeltes Thema, das nicht nur in der Medizin, sondern gleichermaßen auch in gesellschaftlich-historischem Kontext begegnet. In der antiken Medizin wurde die Dickleibigkeit auf Maßlosigkeit der Nahrungsaufnahme, auf zu große Trägheit, aber auch auf von Umwelt und Lebensweise bedingte Konstitution zurückgeführt. Dagegen findet sich in der historisch-philosophischen Literatur vor allem die Betonung der Maßlosigkeit, die als moralisch minderwertig betrachtet wurde.
Magendrehung (Dilatatio et Torsio ventriculi) beim
Meerschweinchen (Cavia porcellus)
Authors: Eckert Yvonne , Brezina Tina , Fehr Michael
Published: February 2019

Ziel Übersichtsarbeit zur Darstellung des Krankheitsbildes der
Magendrehung beim Meerschweinchen.

Material und Methoden Vier klinische Fälle einer Magendrehung beim
Meerschweinchen wurden hinsichtlich des klinischen Bildes und der diagnostischen
Möglichkeiten betrachtet. Es erfolgte eine Darstellung von Therapieversuchen und
möglicher Alternativen. Potenzielle Risikofaktoren für die Erkrankung sowie
deren Ätiologie und Pathophysiologie wurden diskutiert und mit den Verhältnissen
bei anderen Tierarten verglichen.

Ergebnisse Anhand der dargestellten Fälle wird deutlich, dass neben der
Anamnese und klinischen Untersuchung die Röntgenuntersuchung das Mittel der Wahl
zur Diagnose einer Magendrehung beim Meerschweinchen darstellt. In allen vier
Fällen erfolgte nach der Diagnose ein chirurgischer Therapieversuch. Ein Tier
wurde intraoperativ euthanasiert, drei Patienten verstarben nach der
Operation.

Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz Die Magendrehung beim
Meerschweinchen ist als absoluter Notfall einzustufen. Neben der sofortigen
Stabilisierung des Patienten bedarf es fast immer einer chirurgischen
Intervention. Die Prognose der Erkrankung ist als vorsichtig bis schlecht
einzustufen.
Therapie des Diabetes bei Herzinsuffizienz
Authors: Kappel Ben , Lehrke Michael
Published: February 2019

Es besteht mittlerweile eine sehr gute Evidenz dafür, dass Herzinsuffizienzereignisse bei Patienten mit Diabetes durch eine SGLT2-Inhibition verhindert werden können. Da die Herzinsuffizienz ein häufiges und schwerwiegendes Ereignis bei Diabetes darstellt, sollten die Präparate bei Patienten mit hohem kardiovaskulärem Risiko regelhaft zum Einsatz kommen, um so eine Verbesserung der Prognose zu erreichen.
Homöopathie und evidenzbasierte Medizin
Authors: Keinki Christian , Aust Norbert , Grams Natalie , Hübner Jutta
Published: February 2019

Das gesellschaftliche Interesse und die Diskussionen um die Homöopathie sind groß. Aber seit Erfindung der Homöopathie bleibt uns dieses Verfahren einen nachhaltigen und reproduzierbaren Nachweis einer Wirksamkeit schuldig. Es existiert keine hochwertige Evidenz, dass die Homöopathie bei irgendeinem Krankheitsbild über Kontexteffekte hinaus effektiv wäre. Die Homöopathie birgt darüber hinaus potenzielle direkte, indirekte und intangible Risiken.
Die Anforderungen sind gestiegen
Authors: Polok Adrian , Landgraf Rüdiger
Published: February 2019

Stiftungen schützen das Wattenmeer, präsentieren Kunst und Kultur oder fördern – wie die Deutsche Diabetes-Stiftung – medizinische Forschungsprojekte. Ganz gleich ob Bildung, Umwelt oder Gesundheit, der überwiegende Teil der rund 22 000 hierzulande betriebenen Stiftungen setzt sich für gemeinnützige Zwecke ein, die der Allgemeinheit dienen. Und das für eine sehr, sehr lange Zeit. Denn einmal gegründet, arbeitet eine Stiftung unaufhörlich an der Erfüllung ihres Satzungszwecks.
Copper-Catalyzed Acetylation of Electron-Rich Phenols and Anilines
Authors: Yu Jian , Huang Dayun , Yan Guobing , Zhang Jieyu , Ke Qiumin , Tian Feitao , Jiang Bei , Ji Chang-An , Zhang Lingling
Published: February 2019

An approach has been developed for the copper-catalyzed acetylation of phenols and anilines with potassium thioacetate as an acetylating reagent. Although only electron-rich phenols and anilines are compatible with this protocol, the reaction can provide moderate to high yields under mild conditions. Compared with other acetylating reagents, the current reagent has certain advantages, such as its low cost, easy availability, stability, insensitivity to water or air, and ease of storage.
Spaced Education Improves the Retention of Laparoscopic Suturing Skills: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Boettcher Johannes , Klippgen Lea , Mietzsch Stefan , Grube Friederike , Krebs Thomas , Bergholz Robert , Reinshagen Konrad , Boettcher Michael
Published: February 2019

Introduction Spaced learning has been shown to be superior in complex motor skill acquisition like laparoscopic suturing and knot tying. By using a pre–post follow-up design, the aim of the study was to evaluate the long-term impact of implementation of the spaced learning concept in laparoscopic training.

Materials and Methods To evaluate the effectiveness of spaced learning, subjects were asked to perform four surgeon's square knots on a bowel model within 30 minutes—prior and after 3 hours of hands-on training. To examine the long-term skills, the same students were asked to perform a comparable, but more complex, task (four slip knots in a model of esophageal atresia) 12 months later as follow-up measurement. Total time, knot stability (evaluated via tensiometer), suture accuracy, knot quality (Muresan scale), and laparoscopic performance (Munz checklist) were assessed. Moreover, motivation was accessed using Questionnaire on Current Motivation.

Results Twenty students were included in the study; after simple randomization, 10 were trained using the “spaced learning” concept and 10 via traditional methods. Both groups had comparable baseline characteristics and improved after training significantly, regarding all aspects assessed in this study. Subjects that trained via spaced learning were superior in terms of speed (p = 0.021), knot quality (p = 0.008), and suture strength (p = 0.003). Additionally, spaced learning significantly decreased anxiety (p = 0.029) and probability of success (p = 0.005).

Conclusion The spaced learning concept is very suitable for long-term complex motor skill acquisition, like laparoscopic suturing and knot tying. It is superior to conventional training regarding speed and, most importantly, knot quality and stability, resulting in improved confidence and motivation. Thus, we strongly recommend to incorporate the spaced learning concept into training courses and surgical programs.
Quantum well action model for the formation of a single Shockley stacking fault in a 4H-SiC crystal under non-equilibrium conditions
Authors: Mannen Yuina , Shimada Kana , Asada Kanta , Ohtani Noboru
Published: February 2019

The formation of single Shockley stacking faults (SSSFs) in 4H-SiC crystals under non-equilibrium conditions (e.g., the forward biasing of PiN diodes and ultraviolet light illumination) is a key phenomenon in the so-called bipolar degradation of SiC power devices. This study theoretically investigated the physical mechanism of this phenomenon based on the concept of quantum well action. As a first approximation describing the non-equilibrium state of the material, we employed quasi-Fermi level approximation. We then made improvements by considering several physical effects governing the carrier distribution near and in the SSSF. The improved model accounts well for the excitation threshold and the temperature dependence of SSSF expansion. Thus, the model provides useful insights into the driving force of SSSF expansion under non-equilibrium conditions.
Impact of grain boundary characteristics on thermal transport in polycrystalline graphene: Analytical results
Authors: Krasavin S. E. , Osipov V. A.
Published: February 2019

The effect of grain boundary (GB) structure, size, and shape on the thermal conductivity of polycrystalline graphene is studied in the framework of the deformation potential approach. Precise analytical expressions for the phonon mean free path (MFP) are obtained within the Born approximation. We found exactly two types of behavior in the long-wavelength limit: MFP varies as ω−1 for open GBs of any shape, while it behaves as ω−3 for closed configurations (loops). In the short-wavelength limit, MFP tends to a constant value for any configuration. Oscillatory behavior is observed for all GBs, which indicates that they serve as diffraction grating for phonons. This property is also inherent in GBs with irregularities caused by partial disclination dipoles. The thermal conductivity is calculated in the framework of Callaway’s approach, with all main sources of phonon scattering taken into account. Reduction of the heat conductivity with decreasing grain size is obtained in a wide temperature range. What is most interesting is that we found a marked decrease in the thermal conductivity of polycrystalline graphene containing GBs with changes in their misorientation angles.
Thermal management with a highly emissive and thermally conductive graphite absorber
Authors: Guo Tingbiao , Sun Yaoran , Evans Julian , Wang Nan , Fu Yang , He Sailing
Published: February 2019

Thermal management on a variety of length scales is essential for many industrial, solar and computational systems. Here we explore the thermal properties of a nearly perfect graphite absorber with both high emissivity and thermal conductivity which is fabricated by simple one-step etching. The hemispherical reflectance of the absorber is around 1% in the visible range and the normal specular reflectance is less than 1% from 1.5 μm to 10 μm. The thermal conductivity of the absorber is measured above 630 Wm-1K-1, which is 2.5 times larger than the aluminum used in commercial heat sinks. Heat dissipation testing indicates that a device is 3.7 ± 2 degrees cooler with the graphite absorber as the heat spreader than a pristine graphite sheet and 9.1 ± 2 degrees cooler than an Au-coated graphite sheet, primarily due to improved radiation cooling. A theoretical analysis accounts for the results. Further analysis suggests that the radiative heat dissipation is more prominent in the low-convection environment, especially for a convection coefficient below 10 Wm-2K-1.
Structure and binding in halide perovskites: Analysis of static and dynamic effects from dispersion-corrected density functional theory
Authors: Beck H. , Gehrmann C. , Egger D. A.
Published: February 2019

We investigate the impact of various levels of approximation in density functional theory calculations for the structural and binding properties of the prototypical halide perovskite MAPbI3. Specifically, we test how the inclusion of different correction schemes for including dispersive interactions, and how in addition using hybrid density functional theory, affects the results for pertinent structural observables by means of comparison to experimental data. In particular, the impact of finite temperature on the lattice constants and bulk modulus, and the role of dispersive interactions in calculating them, is examined by using molecular dynamics based on density functional theory. Our findings confirm previous theoretical work showing that including dispersive corrections is crucial for accurate calculation of structural and binding properties of MAPbI3. They, furthermore, highlight that using a computationally much more expensive hybrid density functional has only minor consequences for these observables. This allows for suggesting the use of semilocal density functional theory, augmented by pairwise dispersive corrections, as a reasonable choice for structurally more complicated calculations of halide perovskites. Using this method, we perform molecular dynamics calculations and discuss the dynamic effect of molecular rotation on the structure of and binding in MAPbI3, which allows for rationalizing microscopically the simultaneous occurrence of a cubic octahedral symmetry and methylammonium disorder.
Hydration States of Cholinium Phosphate-Type Ionic Liquids as a Function of Water Content
Authors: Nikawa Yohsuke , Tsuzuki Seiji , Ohno Hiroyuki , Fujita Kyoko
Published: February 2019

We investigated the hydration states of cholinium phosphate-type ionic liquids (ILs) in relation to ion structure, focusing on the influence of the hydroxyl group of the cation and the alkyl chain length of the anion. Water activity measurements provided information on the macroscopic hydration states of the hydrated ILs, while NMR measurements and molecular dynamics simulations clearly showed the microscopic interactions and coordination of the water molecules. The hydrogen bonding networks in these ILs were influenced by the anion structure and water content, and the mobility of water molecules was influenced by the number of hydroxyl groups in the cation and anion.
Restoration of burned and post-fire logged Austrocedrus chilensis stands in Patagonia: effects of competition and environmental conditions on seedling survival and growth
Authors: Urretavizcaya M. Florencia , Defossé Guillermo E.
Published: February 2019

In Andean Patagonia, Argentina, severe wildfires produce high mortality in Austrocedrus chilensis forests. Owing to its high timber quality, A. chilensis trees are generally salvage logged right after wildfires. Post-logged areas result in open, denuded stands with low herbaceous or shrub cover, which precludes natural A. chilensis regeneration. In severely burned A. chilensis stands, we determined how different site conditions (salvage logging, SL, and without logging, WL), and the combination of different methods of control of above- and belowground competition and micro-environmental factors (incident radiation, soil temperature and soil moisture) affected survival, growth and hydric status of planted A seedlings. Two growing seasons after plantation, seedling survival was lower than 10% at SL sites, whereas it was near 90% at WL sites. Four seasons after establishment, and regardless of competition treatments, no seedlings survived at SL sites, whereas over 75% survived at WL sites. Radiation attenuation by canopy of WL sites benefitted A. chilensis seedling survival, and no additional control of early successional herbaceous species should be necessary to attain high seedling survival 4 years after restoration. Selective logging, by leaving ~50% of burned snags, and active restoration practices, may help reconcile economic needs of society and ecological requirements of A. chilensis for recovering former structure and functions.
You are other
Authors: Tararova Olga
Published: February 2019

The following paper focuses on the attitudes of the in-group (referred to as bilingual Veneto-Spanish speakers) and out-group (monolingual Spanish speakers) in the bilingual community of Chipilo, Mexico. This paper has two main goals: first, to analyse the attitudes of the out-group towards the in-group; and second, to analyse the perceived attitudes of the latter group, who become the primary ‘determinants’ in minority language maintenance. Through 108 sociolinguistic questionnaires and 15 interviews, the following social factors were examined: ethnicity, gender, level of education, and age of the speakers. The results showed negative attitudes perceived by the in-group, especially younger males of higher education levels, as well as possible tensions between the two groups.
Subtypes of tumour cell‐derived small extracellular vesicles having differently externalized phosphatidylserine
Authors: Matsumura Sachiko , Minamisawa Tamiko , Suga Kanako , Kishita Hiromi , Akagi Takanori , Ichiki Takanori , Ichikawa Yuki , Shiba Kiyotaka
Published: February 2019

Phosphatidylserine (PS) has skewed distributions in the plasma membrane and is preferentially located in the inner leaflet of normal cells. Tumour cells, however, expose PS at the outer leaflet of cell surfaces, thereby potentially modulating the bio‐signalling of cells. Interestingly, exosomes – or, more properly, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) – which are secreted from tumour cells, are enriched with externalized PS, have been proposed as being involved in the progression of cancers, and could be used as a marker for tumour diagnostics. However, the sEV fractions prepared from various methods are composed of different subtypes of vesicles, and knowledge about the subtypes enriched with exposed PS is still limited. Here, we differentiated sEVs from cancer cell lines by density gradient centrifugation and characterized the separated fractions by using gold‐labelling of PS in atomic force microscopy, thrombin generation assay, size and zeta potential measurements, and western blot analysis. These analyses revealed a previously unreported PS+‐enriched sEV subtype, which is characterized by a lower density than that of canonical exosomes (1.06 g/ml vs. 1.08 g/ml), larger size (122 nm vs. 105 nm), more negative zeta potential (−28 mV vs. −21 mV), and lower abundance of canonical exosomal markers. The identification of the PS‐exposed subtype of sEVs will provide deeper insight into the role of EVs in tumour biology and enhance the development of EV‐based tumour diagnosis and therapy.
Lymphatic endothelial cell calcium pulses are sensitive to spatial gradients in wall shear stress
Authors: Surya Vinay N. , Michalaki Eleftheria , Fuller Gerald G. , Dunn Alexander R.
Published: February 2019

Cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) is a ubiquitous second messenger that influences numerous aspects of cellular function. In many cell types, cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations are characterized by periodic pulses, whose dynamics can influence downstream signal transduction. Here, we examine the general question of how cells use Ca2+ pulses to encode input stimuli in the context of the response of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) to fluid flow. Previous work shows that fluid flow regulates Ca2+ dynamics in LECs and that Ca2+-dependent signaling plays a key role in regulating lymphatic valve formation during embryonic development. However, how fluid flow might influence the Ca2+ pulse dynamics of individual LECs has remained, to our knowledge, little explored. We used live-cell imaging to characterize Ca2+ pulse dynamics in LECs exposed to fluid flow in an in vitro flow device that generates spatial gradients in wall shear stress (WSS), such as are found at sites of valve formation. We found that the frequency of Ca2+ pulses was sensitive to the magnitude of WSS, while the duration of individual Ca2+ pulses increased in the presence of spatial gradients in WSS. These observations provide an example of how cells can separately modulate Ca2+ pulse frequency and duration to encode distinct forms of information, a phenomenon that could extend to other cell types.
CEP135 isoform dysregulation promotes centrosome amplification in breast cancer cells
Authors: Ganapathi Sankaran Divya , Stemm-Wolf Alexander J. , Pearson Chad G.
Published: February 2019

The centrosome, composed of two centrioles surrounded by pericentriolar material, is the cell’s central microtubule-organizing center. Centrosome duplication is coupled with the cell cycle such that centrosomes duplicate once in S phase. Loss of such coupling produces supernumerary centrosomes, a condition called centrosome amplification (CA). CA promotes cell invasion and chromosome instability, two hallmarks of cancer. We examined the contribution of centriole overduplication to CA and the consequences for genomic stability in breast cancer cells. CEP135, a centriole assembly protein, is dysregulated in some breast cancers. We previously identified a short isoform of CEP135, CEP135mini, that represses centriole duplication. Here, we show that the relative level of full-length CEP135 (CEP135full) to CEP135mini(the CEP135full:miniratio) is increased in breast cancer cell lines with high CA. Inducing expression of CEP135fullin breast cancer cells increases the frequency of CA, multipolar spindles, anaphase-lagging chromosomes, and micronuclei. Conversely, inducing expression of CEP135minireduces centrosome number. The differential expression of the CEP135 isoforms in vivo is generated by alternative polyadenylation. Directed genetic mutations near the CEP135minialternative polyadenylation signal reduces the CEP135full:miniratio and decreases CA. We conclude that dysregulation of CEP135 isoforms promotes centriole overduplication and contributes to chromosome segregation errors in breast cancer cells.
Light Exposure during Days with Night, Outdoor, and Indoor Work
Authors: Daugaard Stine , Markvart Jakob , Bonde Jens Peter , Christoffersen Jens , Garde Anne Helene , Hansen Åse Marie , Schlünssen Vivi , Vestergaard Jesper Medom , Vistisen Helene Tilma , Kolstad Henrik Albert
Published: February 2019

Objective

To assess light exposure during days with indoor, outdoor, and night work and days off work.

Methods

Light intensity was continuously recorded for 7 days across the year among indoor (n = 170), outdoor (n = 151), and night workers (n = 188) in Denmark (55–56°N) equipped with a personal light recorder. White light intensity, duration above 80, 1000, and 2500 lux, and proportion of red, green, and blue light was depicted by time of the day and season for work days and days off work.

Results

Indoor workers’ average light exposure only intermittently exceeded 1000 lux during daytime working hours in summer and never in winter. During daytime working hours, most outdoor workers exceeded 2500 lux in summer and 1000 lux in winter. Night workers spent on average 10–50 min >80 lux when working night shifts. During days off work, indoor and night workers were exposed to higher light intensities than during work days and few differences were seen between indoor, outdoor, and night workers. The spectral composition of light was similar for indoor, outdoor, and night workers during days at and off work.

Conclusion

The night workers of this study were during night hours on average exposed for a limited time to light intensities expected to suppress melatonin. The indoor workers were exposed to light levels during daylight hours that may reduce general well-being and mood, especially in winter. Outdoor workers were during summer daylight hours exposed to light levels comparable to those used for the treatment of depression.
Shaping the nebulous enhancer in the era of high-throughput assays and genome editing
Authors: Ho Edwin Yu-Kiu , Cao Qin , Gu Mengting , Chan Ricky Wai-Lun , Wu Qiong , Gerstein Mark , Yip Kevin Y
Published: February 2019

Since the 1st discovery of transcriptional enhancers in 1981, their textbook definition has remained largely unchanged in the past 37 years. With the emergence of high-throughput assays and genome editing, which are switching the paradigm from bottom-up discovery and testing of individual enhancers to top-down profiling of enhancer activities genome-wide, it has become increasingly evidenced that this classical definition has left substantial gray areas in different aspects. Here we survey a representative set of recent research articles and report the definitions of enhancers they have adopted. The results reveal that a wide spectrum of definitions is used usually without the definition stated explicitly, which could lead to difficulties in data interpretation and downstream analyses. Based on these findings, we discuss the practical implications and suggestions for future studies.
deTS: tissue-specific enrichment analysis to decode tissue specificity
Authors: Pei Guangsheng , Dai Yulin , Zhao Zhongming , Jia Peilin
Published: February 2019

Motivation

Diseases and traits are under dynamic tissue-specific regulation. However, heterogeneous tissues are often collected in biomedical studies, which reduce the power in the identification of disease-associated variants and gene expression profiles.

Results

We present deTS, an R package, to conduct tissue-specific enrichment analysis with two built-in reference panels. Statistical methods are developed and implemented for detecting tissue-specific genes and for enrichment test of different forms of query data. Our applications using multi-trait genome-wide association studies data and cancer expression data showed that deTS could effectively identify the most relevant tissues for each query trait or sample, providing insights for future studies.

Availability and implementation

https://github.com/bsml320/deTS and CRAN https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/deTS/

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Discrimination between Asian populations of the parasitoid wasp Ganaspis cf. brasiliensis using a simple MALDI-TOF MS-based method for use with insects
Authors: Reeve Michael A , Seehausen M Lukas
Published: February 2019

The fruit fly Drosophila suzukii has recently become an invasive pest insect of significant economic impact in Europe and the USA. In contrast to other Drosophila species, D. suzukii is able to infest intact fruit by means of a saw-like ovipositor, which allows females to deposit eggs beneath the skin of the fruit. Classical biological control using the parasitoid wasp Ganaspis cf. brasiliensis is currently being researched as an environmentally sustainable option for the control of D. suzukii. In particular, the host specificity of this parasitoid has been assessed for populations from different regions in China and Japan. In order to study the relationship between the differences in specificity and molecular variations, we have adapted a matrix-assisted laser-desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)-based method, originally developed for use with plant material, to discriminate between example populations of G. cf. brasiliensis. We have employed a combination of principal component analysis and blind-tested comparison between reference sample MALDI-TOF MS spectra and test sample spectra to discriminate, on the basis of the acid-soluble insect protein spectra generated, between four populations of G. cf. brasiliensis (originally collected from Tokyo and Hasuike in Japan and Dali and Ximing in China). MALDI-TOF MS analysis is able to discriminate with 100% accuracy between populations G. cf. brasiliensis. The Chinese populations were observed to be similar, but the Tokyo population is slightly different and the Hasuike population is significantly different from the other populations. The Tokyo population appears more closely related to the Chinese populations than the Hasuike population, even though both originate from Japan.
One Tough Cookie: Exploring Black Women’s Responses to Empire’s Cookie Lyon
Authors: Click Melissa A , Smith-Frigerio Sarah
Published: February 2019

The premier of Empire in January 2015 drew 9.8 million viewers and became FOX's highest-rated series debut in three years. In this episode, we are introduced to the terminally-ill CEO of Empire Entertainment, Lucious Lyon (Terrence Howard), who must decide which of his three sons will inherit the family business. To further complicate the decision, his ex-wife, Cookie (Taraji P. Henson), is released from prison after 17 years. The strength of the performances from the main cast, and those of celebrity guest stars, bolster the drama that unfolds, explaining why Empire was incredibly popular with audiences, and black audiences in particular. We examine the series's representations of blackness through focus group interviews with 31 black women viewers, exploring how they made sense of Cookie and compared her to black female leads on other series. Our interviews reveal that Cookie's complexities inspire identification and anxiety, engage broader debates about popular culture representations, and clarify black women's desires to see multifaceted images of themselves and their communities on television.
Random Sections of Line Bundles Over Real Riemann Surfaces
Authors: Ancona Michele
Published: February 2019

Let $\mathcal{L}$ be a positive line bundle over a Riemann surface $\Sigma $ defined over $\mathbb{R}$. We prove that sections $s$ of $\mathcal{L}^d$, $d\gg 0$, whose number of real zeros $\#Z_s$ deviates from the expected one are rare. We also provide asymptotics of the form $\mathbb{E}[(\#Z_s-\mathbb{E}[\# Z_s])^k]=O(\sqrt{d}^{k-1-\alpha })$ and $\mathbb{E}[\#Z^k_s]=a_k\sqrt{d}^{k}+b_k\sqrt{d}^{k-1}+O(\sqrt{d}^{k-1-\alpha })$ for all the (central) moments of the number of real zeros. Here $\alpha $ is any number in $(0,1)$, and $a_k$ and $b_k$ are some explicit and positive constants. Finally, we obtain similar asymptotics for the distribution of complex zeros of random sections. Our proof involves Bergman kernel estimates as well as Olver multispaces.
Quantitative Differences in Feeding Behavior of Lygus lineolaris (Hemiptera: Miridae) on Transgenic and Nontransgenic Cotton
Authors: Cervantes Felix A , Backus Elaine A , Godfrey Larry , Rojas Maria G , Akbar Waseem , Clark Thomas L
Published: February 2019

Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) is one of the most important pests on cotton in the United States. Previous research showed that transgenic cotton plants expressing the Bacillus thurigiensis (Bt) crystalline protein Cry51Aa2.834_16 (designated MON 88702) have insecticidal effects on nymphal L. lineolaris. The present study is the first to examine effects of a Bt-expressing cotton on feeding by a heteropteran like L. lineolaris. We compared stylet probing behaviors of third-instar nymphs on pin-head squares (i.e., buds <3 mm wide) of MON 88702 cotton versus nontransgenic (control) DP393 plants using AC-DC electropenetrography. Waveforms were quantified based on appearances previously characterized and correlated with adult L. lineolaris feeding behaviors; nymphal and adult waveforms had the same appearance. Generalized third-instar feeding included maceration of tissues during cell rupturing (waveform CR), tasting/testing during a waveform called transition (T), and ingestion (I); all were similar between MON 88702 and DP393 plants. However, the number of events and duration of each waveform were different between treatments. Relative to nymphs on DP393, those on MON 88702 spent more time overall in stylet probing, due to increased number of maceration events per probe and longer durations of tasting/testing, per waveform event, per probe, and per insect; yet, ingestion events were shorter and more frequent. These findings support that MON 88702 cotton plants were less palatable and/or preorally digestible to L. lineolaris nymphs than DP393, suggesting antixenosis for MON 88702. Transgenic cotton antixenosis could positively affect cotton pest management by reducing feeding of L. lineolaris nymphs and protecting crop yield.
The logic of linear propositions
Authors: Bagheri Seyed-Mohammad
Published: February 2019

I prove linear compactness and linear completeness for various forms of linear propositional logic where the value space is a module over a ring.
Biology and Management of the Carrot Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in North America
Authors: Justus Emily J , Long Elizabeth Y
Published: February 2019

The carrot weevil, Listronotus oregonensis (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a devastating pest of high value Apiaceous crops like carrots (Daucus carota subsp. sativusHoffm.), parsley (Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss), and celery (Apium graveolens L.). Although native to North America, it is a serious pest across the Eastern United States and Great Lakes region of the United States and Canada. Females deposit eggs in the petiole of cultivated hosts, and upon hatching, larvae tunnel down through the petiole and into plant roots causing wilting, yellowing, and plant death. Scouting procedures focus mainly on adult activity and require detection of small egg scars on the foliage and crown of the root, or reliance on traps that are only effective at the beginning of the season before the crop emerges. Several avenues of cultural, biological, and chemical control have been explored for this pest, but with limited success. Furthermore, investigation of these management strategies have primarily focused on carrot systems, neglecting other cultivated Apiaceae. Here we present a review of carrot weevil research and highlight key knowledge gaps in the carrot weevil system, which impede our understanding of this insect’s biology and behavioral ecology. Future research addressing these key knowledge gaps will expand our understanding of this pest and contribute to the development and implementation of more effective management strategies.
Intrauterine Growth Restriction
Authors: Clark Robin D. , Curry Cynthia J.
Published: February 2019

This chapter reviews isolated and syndromic intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) or small for gestational age infants. The differential diagnosis of intrauterine growth restriction includes placental, maternal, and fetal causes. Maternal causes of IUGR include exposure to teratogens, various maternal illnesses, and multiple gestation. Infant causes include congenital infection, chromosomal aneuploidy, and multiple syndromes including primordial dwarfism. Other causes include genomic imprinting errors (Russell Silver syndrome and IMAGe syndrome) and endocrine and metabolic causes, the lipodystrophies, and skeletal dysplasias including SHOX deficiency. The evaluation of IUGR usually includes a SNP microarray and often targeted or gene panel testing. A clinical case presentation features an infant with Majewski (microcephalic) osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism (MOPD II) .
Holoprosencephaly
Authors: Clark Robin D. , Curry Cynthia J.
Published: February 2019

This chapter reviews background information about the incidence, risk factors, genetics, recurrence risk, and epidemiology of isolated and syndromic holoprosencephaly, including a summary of its subtypes and microforms (solitary median maxillary central incisor, absent midline frenulum, choanal atresia, pyriform aperture stenosis). The discussion on the differential diagnosis of holoprosencephaly summarizes its common causes, including teratogenic agents (maternal diabetes), chromosome anomalies (aneuploidy, recurrent copy number variants), and Mendelian disorders in which holoprosencephaly is isolated or associated with malformations in other organ systems. This chapter offers recommendations for evaluation and management. A clinical case presentation features an infant with transient neonatal hypernatremia, who was later diagnosed with lobar holoprosencephaly after presenting with dehydration due to diabetes insipidus.