bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Monitoring of Shrinkage of the PVA Cement-Plates
Authors: Kostelecká Michaela , Kolisko Jiří
Published: October 2013

This paper presents results of a series of shrinkage tests. Described tests were performed on asbestos-free plates. The shrinkage represents very important role in monitoring of length changes for different orientation of the fibers. The results showed that humidity significantly influenced dimensions change of tested fibrecement plates. Length change ratio of dried plates and saturated plates represented the most significant difference that reached 0.25 %. Influence of fibres orientation on the length change was not confirmed. The difference in both measured direction was the same because of varied humidity impact. Elimination of free shrinkage is predominantly given by matrix, influence of fibers is not significant.
Basic Properties of SFRC Designed by the Binary Superposition Mix Proportion Method
Authors: Huo Hong Yuan , Song Li Sha , Sun Li , Cao Chen Jie
Published: October 2013

Test of basic properties of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) was carried out to further study the validity of the binary superposition mix proportion method. The strength grades of SFRC were CF40, CF50 and CF60. The key parameters of the study were the fraction of steel fiber by volume, the thickness of cement paste wrapping steel fibers and the water to cement ratio. The workability of fresh SFRC was measured firstly to satisfy the construction requirement. The compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural-tensile strength of SFRC were tested simultaneously. Based on the test data, the changes of above basic properties of SFRC are analyzed in view of the effects of the fraction of steel fiber by volume and the thickness of cement paste wrapping steel fibers. It shows that the optimum thickness of cement past wrapping steel fibers is 0.8mm. The influencing coefficients in formulas for calculating tensile strength and flexural-tensile strength of SFRC specified in the current technical specification are given out.
Experimental Analysis on Thermal Conductivity of Rock
Authors: Wang Mei Yan , Lin Xin Xin , Mo Zhao Jun , Pan Lu Lu
Published: October 2013

This paper carried out the experimental study on the thermal conductivity of rock in different depth by transient hot-strip method and the analysis on the reliability of the data. The results show that thermal conductivity of pelitic siltstone has been less affected by the varying versus depth of the rock stratum than tuff, but the thermal conductivity of tuff slightly higher than pelitic siltstone.
Study on Thermal Conductivity of Reinforced Concrete Plate
Authors: Zhao Shun Bo , Yang Su , Feng Xue Zhen , Lu Mei Jun
Published: October 2013

By the heat flow meter method, the thermal conductivity of reinforced concrete was experimental studied for the energy conservation design of reinforced concrete composite wall as building envelop. The steel bars were arranged as horizontal one-way, horizontal two-way and vertical in the reinforced concrete plates with different reinforcement volume ratio. Based on the test results, the effects of arrangement of steel bar and reinforcement volume ratio on thermal conductivity of reinforced concrete were analyzed. It can be concluded that the thermal conductivity of reinforced concrete was higher than that of concrete and increased with the reinforcement volume fraction, the steel bars in horizontal two-way arrangement brought the reinforced concrete with greater thermal conductivity than that in one-way arrangement, the vertical steel bar made the reinforced concrete with significantly higher thermal conductivity. The series-parallel model and parallel-series model are proposed for predicating the thermal conductivity of reinforced concrete with horizontal steel bars.
Relations of Compressive Strength at 7d and 28d for Fly Ash Concrete with Machine-Made Sand
Authors: Liang Na , Ding Xin Xin , Li Chang Yong
Published: October 2013

Although the fly ash concrete with machine-made sand (MSFAC) was widely used in recent years in China, it was lack of studies on relations of compressive strength at different ages. According to the specification of Chinese standard, there are three ways of admixing fly ash (FA) into concrete, i.e. the additional admixing, the equal-mass replacing cement and the over-mass replacing cement. In this paper, 56 groups test data with additional admixing FA, 98 groups test data with equal-mass replacing cement and 86 groups test data with over-mass replacing cement for MSFAC are summarized from published references. Three linear formulas and Slatter formulas are fitted and compared for MSFAC by the different methods of admixing FA, all of them have good fitness with test data. The compressive strength at 28d can be predicted by the compressive strength at 7d with linear formula and Slatter formula for MSFAC.
High Temperature Stability of Modified Asphalt Concrete
Authors: Chen Yuan Zhao , Li Zhen Xia
Published: October 2013

According to high temperature weak stability of common asphalt mixture, rutting tests of diatomite modified asphalt mixture, modified lake asphalt mixture, modified rock asphalt mixture and common asphalt mixture are carried out. Changes of dynamic stability for common asphalt mixture compared with modified asphalt mixtures are comparatively analysed. The results show that compared with common asphalt mixture, rutting resistances of diatomite modified asphalt mixture, modified lake asphalt mixture and modified rock asphalt mixture are greatly improved. It is proposed that those kinds of modified asphalt mixture are adopted in asphalt pavement of large longitudinal slope section.
Test of Bond Properties of CFRP with Steel Plate
Authors: Li Xiao Ke , Hua Guang Ping , Wang Zhi Hao
Published: October 2013

Combined with the application of a new tensioning device for prestressed CFRP strengthening concrete structures, in order to ensure the safety and determine the reasonable adhesive length of CFRP on steel plate of the anchorage during prestress exerting of CFRP, the tests were carried out to measure the tensile strength of CFRP and the bond strength of CFRP with steel plate considering the influence of different kinds of adhesive. Based on the results, the behaviors of CFRP under tension are analyzed, and the special CFRP glue is chosen as the adhesive of CFRP bonded on steel plate.
Concurrent Design of Structures and Materials Based on the Bi-Directional Evolutionary Structural Optimization
Authors: Yan Xiao Lei , Huang Xiao Dong , Xie Yi Min
Published: October 2013

Different from the independent optimization of macrostructures or materials, a two-scale topology optimization algorithm is developed in this paper based on the bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) method for concurrently designing a macrostructure and its composite microstructure. The objective is to minimize the mean compliance of the structure which is composed of a two-phase composite. The effective properties of the composite are calculated through the homogenization method and integrated into the finite element analysis of the structure. Sensitivity analysis for the structure and microstructure is conducted by the adjoint method. Based on the derived sensitivity numbers, the BESO approach is applied for iteratively updating the topologies for both the structure at the macro level and the microstructure of composite at the micro level. Numerical examples are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed optimization algorithm.
Retention Performance of Domestic Rain Water Harvesting Tank under Climate Change Conditions
Authors: Campisano Alberto , Nie Lin Mei , Li Ping Yuu
Published: October 2013

The goal of this paper is to investigate the efficiency of domestic Rain Water Harvesting (RWH) tank to reduce the inflow discharge to stormwater sewer systems, which intends to be an option to increase urban resilience to climate change impacts. A dimensionless methodology developed based on a water balance model at daily temporal scale was applied to determine both the obtainable water saving due to the use of rain water for toilet flushing (i.e. reduce the use of portable water) and meanwhile reduce stormwater volumes discharging to sewer systems by the tank storage. The methodology and a RWH tank system was evaluated applying the daily rainfall data obtained in two met-stations of Blindern in Oslo and Rygge in Fredrikstad, South Norway. Results show, for all the considered scenarios in the two case studies that the use of the rainwater storage tank can provide significant reduction of water volume discharges to the storm water sewer, accordingly the resulting damages during the extreme events will be reduced.
Non-Destructive Inspection Method and Application Research of Steel Corrosion in Concrete Structures
Authors: Zhang Xiao Na , Jia Ming Xiao
Published: October 2013

In the reinforced concrete structure, steel corrosion is a major factor affecting the durability of existing structures, it is necessary to explore the extent of steel corrosion in order to take the necessary measures. Based on non-damaged concrete components or structures, by measuring the performance of concrete-related physical quantities, non-destructive inspection could presume strength, compactness, uniformity and defects of concrete components or structure. Combined with engineering example, non-destructive inspection technique and its application in the degree of steel corrosions inspection have great prospects through further validation.
Research on Bearing Capacity of Grouted Connections under Axial Compression Loads
Authors: Wang Guo Qing , Chen Feng , Wang Zhen Yu , Zhang Yi
Published: October 2013

An axial compression test was conducted to study the bearing capacity of the grouted connection with shear keys, and the curve of axial load vs displacement was got. Based on the experiment results, the crack distribution and damage zone of the cement grout is analyzed. With a proper design of the shear keys, grouting material and pipe structure, the grouted connection can achieve a good bearing capacity and ductility. A simplified finite element model was also set up to simulate the local behavior of the grouted connection. And, the numerical result is verified with the experiment phenomenon. This study can be a reference for the design of grouted connection.
Axial Compression Ratio Limit of L-Shaped Reinforced Concrete Columns with Different Limb Lengths
Authors: Qu Fu Lai , Tian Pei Yuan , Qi Lu Yang
Published: October 2013

Axial compression ratios of L-shaped columns with different directions of neutral axis were calculated by numerical method. It can be found that the axial compression ratio reaches the minimum value when neutral axis is parallel to the section edge and the shorter limb is compressed, the section scale has little influence on the axial compression ratio of L-shaped columns. On the base of analysis, axial compression ratios of L-shaped columns with different limb lengths are given out.
First Drainage Vent Test of Diversion Tunnel of DJIPLOHO Hydropower Station
Authors: Liu Jun
Published: October 2013

DJIPLOHO conducts the first drainage vent test of diversion tunnel after completing in the construction of hydropower station with a water commissioning. Through the data analysis and research for the testing process, it is necessary and has flexibility to adjust accurately the drainage. Test results verify the rational design and safety of the tunnel and prove the correctness of first drainage tests procedures. It also accumulates valuable experience for the same type of drainage project for the first time.
Research on Seepage Characteristics of Deep Cut Canal under Dewatering Well
Authors: Yang Kai Yun , Li Xiang Yu , Li Lin Hao , Li Quan Long
Published: October 2013

In view of the problems of complex geological conditions with high underground water level, large permeability coefficient of soil and the presence of large seepage hazard of deep cut canal and deep foundation pit project of South-to-North Water Transfer Project, China, research on seepage characteristics of digging canals under dewatering well is carried out by finite element analysis, and the FORTRAN procedure is programmed. The three-dimensional finite element model of a digging canal is built, and the seepage field of the different conditions of the canal is simulated, the water head distribution, saturation line and leakages are obtained, and the rules and characteristics of steady seepage field under design impervious system are analyzed. The results indicate that the method can exactly determine the key overflow point and saturation line of canal, and well predict seepage field in canal. The results should be of guiding significance to design and construct retaining engineering in deep cut canal and deep foundation pit.
Study on Utilization of Soft Rock to Construct 200m Super High CFRD
Authors: Lu Ling , Han Qiu Rong , Li Xin
Published: October 2013

According to the application of the concrete face rock-fill dam (CFRD) constructed with soft rock, the physic-mechanical properties of soft rock and the key technologies of utilizing soft rock to construct CFRD are analyzed. On this basis, the feasibility of soft rock as rock-fill of 200m level high CFRD is put forward. The calculation and analysis of specific projects show that the 200m level high CFRD with soft rock is technically established through rational design.
Competition Model Design of Anti Debris Flow Structure with Pillar Supported
Authors: Cheng Yuan Bin , Chen Ji Hao , Yin Xiao Fei , Zhu Wu Qi , Zhang Hong Gang
Published: October 2013

A anti debris lash structural competition model of pillar supported house was introduced. Frame structure was adopted in the model and energy conversion beams were built in the hollow floor beams. The upper face of the energy conversion beam was inclined at the support position of the upper column. The energy conversion beam can raise the upper structure when horizontal displacement was produced after collision. Construction details of the model was introduced, structure mechanics analysis and simplified calculation was conducted. By installation of energy conversion beam, the horizontal impact kinetic energy was transformed into the potential energy needed by the rise of upper sub-structure. Experimental result shows the anti impact performance of the structural model is good.
Nonlinear Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Beam by ANSYS
Authors: Zhang Xin Zhong , Liu Lei Lei , Tang Ke Dong
Published: October 2013

This paper mainly uses ANSYS, the finite element analysis software, to make nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete beam. The model simulating the test process was established, the calculation results of ANSYS are compared with the experimental results. The comparison shows that ANSYS analysis results are similar to experimental results, which indicates ANSYS analysis software can be used to simulate the mechanical property of reinforced concrete structures.
Performance Appraisal of Construction Enterprise Informatization
Authors: Xu Dong Ming , Zhai Qian , Yang Yuan
Published: October 2013

Performance appraisal is widely considered to be the critical factor of construction enterprise informatization. The 0-1 three scale method is used to determine the weights of factors to enhance convergence rate and uniformity of judgment matrix, the fuzzy consistent matrix is applied to decrease subjectivity, and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is utilized to realize the appraisal at last. Use case to prove the method applicability of performance appraisal of construction enterprise informatization. The results show that the method established is more scientific and reasonable.
Mechanical Behavior Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Column Strengthening with Shear Wall
Authors: Tian Peng , Shi Xu Dong , Wang Yuan Qing , Zhang Yan Nian
Published: October 2013

This paper studies the influences of factors such as axial compressive ratio and shear wall thickness on the mechanical performance of the reinforced concrete column strengthening with shear wall under low-cyclic reversed loading. Considering the secondary stress characteristics of the strengthening column, a numerical analysis was made on the load displacement hysteretic curve and skeleton curve. The results show that, with the increasing of axial compression ratio, the bearing capacity and stiffness of reinforced concrete column increased, but the ductility of reinforced column reduced; the bearing capacity and rigidity of reinforced column strengthening with shear wall increase while the ductile was lower; the change of shear wall thickness has a little effect on the bearing capacity, but improves the energy dissipation capacity of reinforced concrete columns.
Discussion of the Stress State after Strengthening and Extending of a Hospital in Shanxi
Authors: Bi Guan Qing
Published: October 2013

At present, there exist more and more adding storey building in China, the research on the reconstruction project is also increasing. There are no corresponding technical specifications to constraint the concrete that add steel structure to the concrete structure, this is a blank area. A hospital floor in Shanxi is on the basis of the original eight-story reinforced concrete shear wall, using steel reinforced concrete to transition, adding five-story steel frame-buckling support structure. Using the large-scale finite element analysis software ANSYS, this paper analyzes the increasing cross-section method of reinforced concrete column to obtain the stress-strain situation of the old and the new combination surface and the stress-strain before and after the column reinforcement, proposes design measures to resist the shear on the old and the new combination surface working together to reduce the stress-strain hysteresis effect. The results provide a reference for similar project.
Advances in Monitoring of Reinforcement Corrosion in Concrete Structures
Authors: Wu Jin
Published: October 2013

Corrosion of steel bars has a serious influence on durability and safety of reinforced concrete structures, which should be effectively monitored for the maintenance of reinforced concrete structures. This paper reviews several main techniques firstly, and presents the ongoing work at Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics to develop sensors to monitor the corrosion of reinforcement in concrete. It is hoped that the paper will be helpful to the field engineers and laboratory researchers who are monitoring and studying the corrosion of reinforcement in concrete structures.
Experimental Study on Flexural Resistance of Reinforced Recycled-Concrete Beams
Authors: Pan Li Yun , Shao Wen Jing , Li Guang Xin , Li Hai Feng
Published: October 2013

Seven reinforced recycled-concrete beams were tested to study their flexural resistance considering the variations of the strength of recycled-concrete and the reinforcement ratio of longitudinal tensile rebar. The aggregates of recycled-concrete comprised the machine-made sand and the recycled coarse aggregate. The failure state of normal section and the flexural resistance of reinforced recycled-concrete beams affected by the strength of recycled-concrete and the reinforcement ratio were discussed. The results show that the failure states of reinforced recycled-concrete beams were similar with those of the ordinary reinforced concrete beams. The flexural resistance was controlled by the reinforcement ratio, and influenced increasingly by the strength of recycled-concrete with the increase of reinforcement ratio. The failure resistance of reinforced recycled-concrete beam can be calculated by the method for ordinary reinforced concrete beam specified in current design code GB50010-2010.
Flexural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams Superposing with Partial Steel Fiber Reinforced Full-Lightweight Concrete
Authors: Li Chang Yong , Yang Hui , Liu Yang , Gao Ke Ke
Published: October 2013

To improve the flexural properties and lighten the weight of ordinary reinforced concrete beam (RCB), this paper develops a new type of superposed RCB in which the tensile zone was partially cast with the steel fiber reinforced full-lightweight concrete (SFRFLC). 10 beams with different height of SFRFLC were designed. Their flexural behaviors were measured including the concrete strain at mid-span cross section, the load vs deflection curve, the cracking load and the ultimate load. It may be concluded that the test beams damage in ductile, the concrete strains at mid-span cross section basically fit the assumption of plain cross section, the variations of load vs deflection curves are similar with obvious changes at the points of the cracking of concrete and the yield of tensile reinforcements, the cracking loads are almost equal, and the ultimate loads tends to decrease with the increasing height of SFRFLC. The SFRFLC and ordinary concrete work well together, the suitable height of SFRFLC is there should be further studied.
Study on Transverse Synchronization Control for Super-Breadth and Long-Span Basket Handle Arch Bridge when Vertically Rotating
Authors: Sun Zhi Wei , Wu Xiao Guang
Published: October 2013

Monitoring and controlling of vertical construction for main arch ribs is most important for concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) arch bridges due to high risk. Controlling the difference of elevation between the two main arch ribs has direct influence on the mechanical behavior of lateral brace, towers and temporary hinges at arch abutments of main piers. Therefore, transverse synchronization control is the main priority in vertical rotating construction phase. Taking a half-through CFST arch bridge in Shijiazhuang City as an example, this paper make a study of transverse synchronization control of the two main arch ribs during vertical rotation. The finite element method (FEM) software-Midas is employed to simulate the main arch ribs in rotation construction phase, and maximum value of the difference of elevation between the two main arch ribs is obtained to offer reference and basis of vertical rotation construction of this bridge.
Analysis and Control the Surface Settlement of Tunnel Excavation
Authors: Li Jing Jing , Bai Hui Ren , Li Jin Kui
Published: October 2013

Combined with the station of Maritime University ~ High-tech Zone tunnel project, this paper analyzes each section of the measured data on the spot to determine the surface subsidence. Research results show that the soil geological conditions of different effects on the subsidence are obvious, but shapes which formed by the settling tank are similar. Meanwhile, combining the construction of advanced small pipe grouting and shotcreting concrete technical measures, the surface subsidence control of the project abides by the surface subsidence rule of the shallow tunnel construction and deformation control.
Optimization of Ultra-Fine Limestone Filler on Cement Grain Composition
Authors: Xu Wen , Guo Fei , Tian Qian
Published: October 2013

An experimental investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of limestone filler (LF) with equivalent replacement of cement on its grain composition. The results indicated that LF optimized cement particle distribution, filled the empty place among cement particles and released more free water when mixing. With the decrease of the LF particle size and the increase of LF replacement ratio of cement, these effects were more remarkable. As a result, the finer and the more replacement ratio of the microfiller, the lower the flow resistance and plastic viscosity of the mixture from a rheological point of view.
Discussion and Analysis about Working Well of Tunnel Shield of Shanghai Tunnel Crossing River
Authors: Li Wei Tao
Published: October 2013

Taking working well of tunnel crossing river for example, aimed at construction problem, the software of PLAXIS3D is used to simulate excavation, strut dismantling and water injecting. Several kinds of soil-reinforcing forms are also simulated to analyses the relation between soil-reinforcing form and retaining wall deformation.
Study on Mechanical Properties of Compound-Umbrella Arch in Bias Tunnel Entrance
Authors: Xue Xiao Hui , Sun Zhi Jie , Su Zhong Ming , Song Fei
Published: October 2013

For a comprehensive analysis of the mechanical properties of compound-umbrella arch in the unsymmetrically loaded tunnel entrance, we focus on the force characteristics to optimize the structure of composite umbrella arch, and improve its economic efficiency. The stresses on the bottom of pile, the pile and the steel arch were monitored, and analyzed by the finite element software. The results show that, on the bias terrain, the stress of the pile bottom is nonuniform with uneven settlement. The stress distribution is very complex, where the tensile stress appears on the pile bottom, the compressive stress takes place on the arch foot and the vault, which is not good to the stability of the overall umbrella arch. As both sides of the umbrella arch bear a large different force, the piles on both sides of the umbrella arch subject to large bending moment and axial force, which improve the stability of the tunnel entrance.
Disparate Epitopes Mediating Protective Heterologous Immunity to Unrelated Viruses Share Peptide–MHC Structural Features Recognized by Cross-Reactive T Cells
Authors: Shen Zu T. , Nguyen Tina T. , Daniels Keith A. , Welsh Raymond M. , Stern Lawrence J.
Published: October 2013

Closely related peptide epitopes can be recognized by the same T cells and contribute to the immune response against pathogens encoding those epitopes, but sometimes cross-reactive epitopes share little homology. The degree of structural homology required for such disparate ligands to be recognized by cross-reactive TCRs remains unclear. In this study, we examined the mechanistic basis for cross-reactive T cell responses between epitopes from unrelated and pathogenic viruses, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and vaccinia virus. Our results show that the LCMV cross-reactive T cell response toward vaccinia virus is dominated by a shared asparagine residue, together with other shared structural elements conserved in the crystal structures of Kb-VV-A11R and Kb-LCMV-gp34. Based on analysis of the crystal structures and the specificity determinants for the cross-reactive T cell response, we were able to manipulate the degree of cross-reactivity of the T cell response, and to predict and generate a LCMV cross-reactive response toward a variant of a null OVA-derived peptide. These results indicate that protective heterologous immune responses can occur for disparate epitopes from unrelated viruses.
Lyn Mitigates Mouse Airway Remodeling by Downregulating the TGF-β3 Isoform in House Dust Mite Models
Authors: Li Guoping , Fox John , Liu Zhigang , Liu Jun , Gao George F. , Jin Yang , Gao Hongwei , Wu Min
Published: October 2013

Chronic airway remodeling is a serious consequence of asthma, which is caused by complex but largely unknown mechanisms. Despite versatile functions, the role of Lyn in chronic airway remodeling remains undefined. Using Lyn−/− mice, we show that continual exposure (for 8 wk) of house dust mite extracts induced a severe phenotype of chronic airway remodeling, including exacerbated mucus production, collagen deposition, dysregulated cytokine secretion, and elevated inflammation. Strikingly, a significant increase in TGF-β3 rather than TGF-β1 was observed in Lyn−/− mouse lungs compared with lungs in wild-type mice. Furthermore, TGF-β3 neutralizing Abs not only inhibited the expression of STAT6 and Smad2/3 but also decreased phosphorylation of Smad2 and NF-κB in Lyn−/− mouse lungs. In addition, both recombinant and adenoviral TGF-β3 significantly promoted epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and intensified collagen I production and MUC5AC expression. Further examination of chronic asthma patients showed that a decreased Lyn correlated with the severity of airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion. Finally, Lyn may critically regulate airway remodeling by directly interacting with TGF-β3. Collectively, these findings revealed that Lyn regulates TGF-β3 isoform and modulates the development of airway remodeling, which may have therapeutic implications for severe chronic asthma.
High-Density Lipoproteincholesterol, Reverse Cholesterol Transport, and Cardiovascular Risk: A Tale of Genetics?
Authors: Cimmino Giovanni , D’Amico Chiara , Ciccarelli Giovanni , Golino Marco , Morello Alberto , D’Elia Saverio , Marchese Valeria , Golino Paolo
Published: October 2013

Cholesterol deposition plays a central role in atherogenesis. The accumulation of lipid material is the result of an imbalance between the influx and efflux of cholesterol within the arterial wall. High levels of plasma low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol are considered the major mechanism responsible for the influx and accumulation of cholesterol in the arterial wall, while high-density lipoprotein (HDL)- cholesterol seems responsible for its efflux. The mechanism by which cholesterol is removed from extra-hepatic organs and delivered to the liver for its catabolism and excretion is called reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). Epidemiological evidence has associated high levels of HDL-cholesterol/ApoA-I with protection against atherosclerotic disease, but the ultimate mechanism(s) responsible for the beneficial effect is not well established. HDLs are synthesized by the liver and small intestine and released to the circulation as a lipid-poor HDL (nascent HDL), mostly formed by ApoA-I and phospholipids. Through their metabolic maturation, HDLs interact with the ABCA1 receptor in the macrophage surface increasing their lipid content by taking phospholipids and cholesterol from macrophages becoming mature HDL. The cholesterol of the HDLs is transported to the liver, via the scavenger receptor class B, type I, for further metabolization and excretion to the intestines in the form of bile acids and cholesterol, completing the process of RCT. It is clear that an inherited mutation or acquired abnormality in any of the key players in RCT mat affect the atherosclerotic process.
Stress relief and incidental geological observations in and around Ottawa, Ontario
Authors: Adams J , Fenton C
Published: October 2013

Stress relief, in the form of small horizontal movements in Paleozoic strata, has been observed in three excavations in the Ottawa region. Movement is revealed by the offset of closely-spaced borehole half-barrels in the excavation walls. Three other excavations
show no evidence for stress relief. When present, such strain relaxation features provide important evidence on the orientation and magnitude of the local (shallow) stress field. In addition to these minor horizontal movements, further evidence of post-Ordovician strike-slip faulting in the Ottawa
region is described.
Multichannel and high resolution seismic reflection survey of the marine Fraser River delta, Vancouver, British Columbia: Tully PGC95001
Authors: Mosher D C , Nichols B C , Best M , Christian H , Currie R , Frydecky I , Harris J , Hill W , Jewsbury G , Jodrey F , LeBlanc W , Lintern D , MacDonald R
Published: October 2013

The internal structure of the Fraser River delta holds the key to understanding its development and stability. Survey PGC95001 mapped the southern part of the Strait of Georgia using multichannel and high resolution seismic reflection techniques. The purpose was
to define better the structure of the delta, including failure features known as the Foreslope Hills and the southern Roberts Bank Failure Complex. A rectangular grid of lines spaced 500 m apart was run over each of the latter features to achieve this objective.
The multichannel data are of excellent quality and provide new information about the detailed structure and properties of the delta sediments. Brute stacks of these data have increased signal to noise ratios significantly and show good definition of structure at depth. The Huntec sparker system has
proven effective on the delta for high resolution profiling. Digital collection of these data permit use of hi-fidelity, numerical post-processing techniques to enhance interpretation.
Magnetic overprinting of the NeoproterozoicShaler Supergroup, Amundsen Basin,Northwest Territories, Canada during theFranklin magmatic episode
Authors: Park J K , Rainbird R H
Published: October 2013

Paleomagnetic studies of the Neoproterozoic Shaler Supergroup of the Amundsen Basin, centred on the Amundsen Gulf of northwestern Canada, reveal a record of magnetic overprinting due to Franklin magmatism. Magnetic components B2 and B1 from Shaler strata agree
closely with discreet magnetization directions from the Franklin igneous events, dated between 727 and 716 Ma. The new interpretation of B1 as other than primary obviates an earlier suggestion of relative rotation between the Brock Inlier of the Amundsen Basin and the Mackenzie Mountains of the
northern Cordillera that was based on the geological correlation of the Shaler and Mackenzie Mountains supergroups. Other overprints in the Shaler Supergroup, being steeply directed, may relate to geological events both in late Neoproterozoic and in Cretaceous to Recent
times.
Structure and stratigraphy of the Indin Lake area, western Slave Province, Northwest Territories
Authors: Pehrsson S J , Grant J W , Dorval A C , Lewis M
Published: October 2013

Lithological and structural mapping has determined that the Indin Lake greenstone belt comprises a mafic through felsic volcanic assemblage conformably overlain by turbidites. Homoclinal panels of mafic volcanic rock intercalated with the turbidites have strongly
tectonized contacts. The structural geometry of the belt is characterized by regional scale, F2/F1 interference fold patterns involving both the turbidites and volcanic rocks, which have been refolded about an upright, steeply plunging F3 synclinorium. The occurrence of downward-facing folds and
kilometre-scale overturned panels implies that this possibly imbricated structural stack was in part overturned prior to D3 deformation.
Granulite to uppermost-amphibolite-facies gneisses of the Cotterill Lake complex, east of the greenstone belt, include tonalite orthogneiss, migmatitic paragneiss, and diatexite. Preliminary age relationships and lithological similarities suggest the complex could represent mid-crustal rocks of the
greenstone belt, that have been uplifted on a Late Archean to Paleoproterozoic oblique-normal fault
Quaternary geology and implications for drift prospecting in the Napaktulik Lake, Point Lake, and Contwoyto Lake map areas, northwest Slave Province, Northwest Territories
Authors: Kerr D E , Dredge L A , Ward B C , Gebert J
S
Published: October 2013

As a contribution to Slave NATMAP Project, three 1:250 000 map areas (NTS 86I, 86H, and parts of 76E) were mapped to provide fundamental regional baseline data of surficial materials for drift prospecting, integrated environmental planning, and assessment studies
for future development. This report documents some of the preliminary results from the 1994 field season. One till sheet was identified, and till blankets and veneers are the most common surficial sediments. An exception is the eastern half of 86I where the granitoid bedrock has little or no
overburden. Dominant ice flow directions range from west to northwest in the Point Lake and Contwoyto Lake areas, and from northwest to north in the Napaktulik Lake region. Glacial transport distances were evaluated based on pebble lithologies in till. Although erratics have been traced for tens of
kilometres, the majority of pebbles appear to have travelled less than 10-15 km.
Automated microprobe analysis of compositional zoning and heterogeneity in thin section: a facility for making high-resolution compositional maps at the Geological Survey of Canada
Authors: Scammell R J , Berman R G , Pringle G
J , Stirling J A R
Published: October 2013

The need to better evaluate compositional zonation and heterogeneity within and among minerals, at thin-section scales, has lead to the development of an analytical technique which uses a CAMECA-SX50 electron microprobe. The instrument is configured for automated
stage movements over a user-defined grid, to provide short-duration (1-2 s) point analyses of four elements. Spatial co-ordinates and respective element concentrations are recorded in ASCII format, which is imported into visualization software that allows evaluation of the spatial distribution of
concentrations. Compared with quantitative microprobe analysis, advantages of the technique include: (i) it is more time-effective, (ii) it can facilitate rapid assessment of a whole thin section, (iii) it is flexible in that different user-defined grids can be used to assess different problems,
(iv) it provides as much, and possibly more information, and (v) it can be used to identify areas for quantitative microprobe analysis.
Shoreface of the Bearpaw Sea in the footwall of the Lewis Thrust, southern Canadian Cordillera, Alberta
Authors: Jerzykiewicz T , Sweet A R , McNeil D H
Published: October 2013

The youngest strata exposed in the footwall of the Lewis Thrust, south of Beaver Mines Lake, contain upper shoreface and coastal marsh sediments. Facies, microflora, and microfauna indicate that these strata are correlative with the regressive phase of the
Bearpaw Seaway dated at approximately 71 Ma. This date is the maximum age for the emplacement of the Lewis Thrust in the southeastern Cordillera. The occurrence of the Bearpaw and the St. Mary River formations in the footwall of the Lewis Thrust must be taken into account for geological mapping of
the southern Foothills.
U-Pb zircon age for a volcanic suite in the Rankin Inlet Group, Rankin Inlet map area, District of Keewatin, Northwest Territories
Authors: Tella S , Roddick J C , van Breemen O
Published: October 2013

U-Pb zircon analyses from a felsic band within dominantly mafic volcanics of the Rankin Inlet Group yields a U-Pb upper concordia intercept age of 2663 ± 3 Ma. These supracrustals at Rankin Inlet appear to be 15-20 Ma younger than volcanics of the Kaminak
Group in the Tavani area, 70 km to the southwest. The 2.68-2.66 Ga volcanism in the Tavani and Rankin Inlet areas coincided with the last stage of the main phase of magmatism in the Slave Structural Province.
A compilation of 40Ar-39Ar and K-Ar ages: Report 25
Authors: Hunt P A , Roddick J C
Published: October 2013

Twenty-three 40Ar-39Ar age determinations (including two potassium-argon analyses) carried out by the Geological Survey of Canada are reported. Each age determination is accompanied by a description of the rock and mineral concentrate used; brief interpretative
comments regarding the geological significance of each age are also provided where possible. The experimental procedures employed are described in outline. An index of all Geological Survey of Canada K-Ar age determinations published in this format has been prepared using NTS quadrangles as the
primary reference.
Rift-related volcanism, sedimentation, and tectonic setting of the Mount Harper Group, Ogilvie Mountains, Yukon Territory
Authors: Mustard P S , Roots C J F
Published: October 2013

The ca. 750 Ma Mount Harper Group contains volcanic and coarse clastic rocks corresponding to the basal Windermere Tectonic Assemblage in the Canadian Cordillera. The lower Mount Harper Group is a tapering wedge of alluvial fan conglomerate and sandstone derived
from the uplifted south side of a Proterozoic normal fault (Harper Fault) and preserved in a west-trending half graben which formed during initial extension. The Mount Harper volcanic complex oversteps the Harper Fault and is a subaqueous-to-emergent basaltic shield capped by rhyodacitic and
andesitic flood flows. The upper Mount Harper Group comprises coarsening-upward cycles of interbedded mudstone and sandstone with locally derived volcanic conglomerate, deposited in submarine debris apron and fan complexes. The upper Mount Harper Group formed in a half-graben, of opposing symmetry,
and offset with respect to the lower Mount Harper Group half-graben. This is similar to the continental rift geometry of some modern rift systems. Volcanism occurred mainly in the accommodation zone between the two subbasins, probably reflecting a concentration of faults in a transfer fault system
of the propagating rifting event. In comparison with other volcanic rock of the Windermere Tectonic Assemblage the Mount Harper volcanic complex is similar in overall continental affinities, but is more evolved. The Mount Harper Group resembles other basal Windermere rocks in evidence of extension
faulting related to basin formation and sedimentation. A major difference is the lack of evidence for glacial sedimentation, a distinctive feature of some basal Windermere successions elsewhere in the Cordillera.
2.70-2.58 Ga plutonism and volcanism in the Slave Province, District of Mackenzie, Northwest Territories
Authors: Villeneuve M E , Henderson J R , Hrabi R G B , Jackson V A , Relf C
Published: October 2013

New U-Pb zircon age dates are reported from eleven plutonic and seven volcanic rocks sampled in five greenstone belts in the Slave Province. Three of these belts are in the northwestern Slave Province (High Lake greenstone belt, Anialik River volcanic belt, and
Napaktulik Lake volcanic belt) and the other two are located in the central Slave Province (Winter Lake supracrustal belt, Courageous Lake volcanic belt). Locally, the volcanic and plutonic rocks help constrain structural and depositional history within a belt, define the age of metallogenesis and
allow for inter-belt correlation of units. Regionally, the age data support previous data sets, with the ages of volcanic rocks from greenstone belts falling between 2705 Ma and 2671 Ma. Plutonic rocks are in accord with general evolution from predeformational 2.70-2.64 Ga tonalites and diorites to
2.62-2.59 Ga K-feldspar megacrystic granites and finally to postdeformational 2.60-2.58 Ga two-mica granites. A distinct break in magmatic activity between 2.640 and 2.625 Ga remains evident in the data set for the plutons. The data also highlight inconsistencies in the time of formation of
deformational fabrics recorded by plutonic rocks, suggesting that local strain regimes play a major role in fabric development, even within a single belt.
Thermochronology of hornblende and biotite from the Wekusko Lake area, Flin Flon Domain, Trans-Hudson Orogen, Manitoba
Authors: Marshall D , Connors K , Ansdell K
Published: October 2013

Geothermobarometry results from the central region of the Wekusko Lake area of the eastern Trans-Hudson Orogen yield temperatures ranging from 575 to 625þC and estimated pressures of 1 to 3.8 kbar. These conditions were reached at ca. 1820-1805 Ma. However,
cooling below the Ar closure temperatures for hornblende (i.e. ~500þC) and biotite (~350þC) did not occur until ca. 1755 Ma (range 1764 to 1747 Ma). The six samples analyzed in this study show evidence of hydrothermal degassing and, therefore, must be considered as minimum ages. However,
these results from Wekusko Lake are consistent with Ar-Ar ages for hornblende and biotite throughout the eastern Trans-Hudson Orogen suggesting, therefore that post-peak metamorphic exhumation was delayed over a significant area or Ar diffusion was relatively homogeneous throughout the eastern
Trans-Hudson Orogen. If this delay is attributed to collision with the Superior craton during or soon after peak metamorphism, then overthrusting of the eastern Trans-Hudson orogen by the Superior craton prevented the typical exhumation cycle which should follow thrust stacking and regional, burial
metamorphism.
Laser 40 Ar/39 Ar ages of the Babine porphyries and Newman Volcanics, Fulton Lake map area, west-central British Columbia
Authors: Villeneuve M E , MacIntyre D G
Published: October 2013

Laser 40Ar/39Ar age dating of the Babine Igneous Suite collected from near central Babine Lake provide control on the age of intrusion of porphyries responsible for Cu (±Au) mineralization. A porphyry sample from north of Saturday Lake gives a hornblende age
of 51.9 ± 0.7 Ma and a biotite age of 51.5 ± 0.5 Ma. Two samples of extrusive equivalents from the Newman Peninsula give ages of 49.9 ± 0.9 Ma and 51.3 ± 0.6 Ma, similar to the 51.2 ± 0.6 Ma age of porphyry intrusion at the nearby Granisle past-producing mine. An older age
of 52.6 ± 0.6 (hornblende) is derived from a sample collected from Turkey Mountain, suggesting that this sequence represents a volcanic centre separated in time from the units dated on the Newman Peninsula.

The data supports the hypothesis that the Newman Volcanics are extrusive equivalents of the high-level Babine Intrusion porphyries, improves on previously determined K-Ar ages and narrows the age range for intrusion from a potential 10 Ma to less than 3 Ma.
In silico Analysis of TCR Vβ7 of Two Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Zhou Jianwei , Kong Cui , Wang Xiukui , Jia Yinfeng , Wang Li , Chang Hong , Sun Lin
Published: October 2013

Objective: To compare the sequences and crystal structures of variable region of beta chain 7 (Vβ7) of T cell receptor (TCR) of two patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Patients and Methods: The skewness of TCR Vβ7 of two T1DM patients were detected with real-time florescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) melting curve analysis technique followed by being sequenced, the crystal structures of them were simulated according to CPH models 2.0 Server, IMGT database, and RasMol 2 software.

Results: The whole sequences of TCR Vβ7 of T1DM patient-1 were "CASRTAGQYEQYFGPGTR", that of patient-2 were "CASRTAGQYEQFFGPGTR"; the only difference between them lied on the 12th amino acid. The crystal structures of Vβ7 of the two patients simulated with backbone model were rather similar, while that with sphere model were obviously different.

Conclusion: Although the TCR Vβ7 of the T1DM patients share the similar gene sequences, their crystal structures simulated with sphere model are different, and the mechanism needs further study.
Determination of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases and AmpC Production in Uropathogenic Isolates of Escherichia coli and Susceptibility to Fosfomycin
Authors: Gupta Varsha , Rani Hena , Singla Nidhi , Kaistha Neelam , Chander Jagdish
Published: October 2013

Background: Urinary tract infection due to Escherichia coli is one of the common problem in clinical practice. Various drug resistance mechanisms are making the bacteria resistant to higher group of drugs making the treatment options very limited. This study was undertaken to detect ESBLs and AmpC production in uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates and to determine their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern with special reference to fosfomycin.

Materials and Methods: A total number of 150 E. coli isolates were studied. ESBL detection was done by double disc synergy and CLSI method. AmpC screening was done using cefoxitin disc and confirmation was done using cefoxitin/cefoxitin-boronic acid discs. In AmpC positive isolates, ESBLs was detected by modifying CLSI method using boronic acid. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was determined following CLSI guidelines. Fosfomycin susceptibility was determined by disc diffusion and E-test methods.

Results: ESBLs production was seen in 52.6% of isolates and AmpC production was seen in 8% of isolates. All AmpC producers were also found to be ESBLs positive. ESBLs positive isolates were found to be more drug resistant than ESBLs negative isolates. All the strains were found to be fosfomycin sensitive.

Conclusions: ESBLs and AmpC producing isolates are becoming prevalent in E. coli isolates from community setting also. Amongst the oral drugs, no in-vitro resistance has been seen for fosfomycin making it a newer choice of drug (although not new) in future. An integrated approach to contain antimicrobial resistance should be actually the goal of present times.