bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study frequency of ABO and RH in patients with acute coronary syndrome referred to Ardabil city hospital
Authors: Zamani Bijan , Amani Firouz , Hadeei Faranak
Published: April 2018

Background: Regarding the high prevalence, the increasing trend of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), the importance of etiological studies of diseases and the existence of some reports on the role of blood groups in the development of diseases, including IHD, in order to study the blood groups in patients with acute coronary syndrome and other factors, this research was conducted in Ardabil.

Methods: This is a descriptive study that was carried out from March 2016 to May 2017 in a Hospital of Ardabil on 500 patients selected randomly from patients admitted to cardiac care unit of Hospital. The criteria for entering the study were: All subjects over the age of 30 and both sexes were males and females who had myocardial infarction (MI), unstable angina (UA) based on history, examination, serial electrocardiography and measurement cardiac enzymes are given by a specialist physician and they are willing to participate in the study. Then, in the checklist for each patient, the blood type ABO and RH, the age, sex, and risk factors of the disease such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, consumption smoking, high blood lipids, and family history of premature stenosis were extracted from the patient records and then analyzes by statistical methods in SPSS.19.  

Results: Of all patients, 60.2% were male and the mean age was 62.28 years. Hypertension with 61.6%, smoking with 37.4%, and hyperlipidemia with 23.4% were the most common risk factors among patients. The blood groups A and A+ were the most common type of blood type, but due to the higher prevalence of A blood group in healthy individuals living in Ardabil, there was no significant relation between ACS and blood groups.

Conclusions: Results showed that blood groups did not show a meaningful relationship with the incidence of ACS and did not find any association between severity of this syndrome and blood groups.
Randomized controlled trial comparing outcome of hybrid Ilizarov versus distal tibial metaphyseal locking plate (P) for treatment of distal tibial fractures in adults
Authors: Sharma Jeevan Kumar , Chaudhary Pashupati , Rijal Raju , Pokharel Bishnu
Published: April 2018

Background: Distal tibia fractures include extra-articular fractures of the metaphysis and the more severe intra-articular tibial plafond or pilon fractures.Several treatment methods have been recommended for the treatment of these injuries, with a recent emphasis on minimally invasive techniques and Ilizarov technique also. Several studies regarding distal tibial fracture treatment are available. Few of them are only randomized controlled trial. So, we conducted this research comparing distal tibial plating (P) versus hybrid Ilizarov (HI) for treatment of distal tibial fractures.

Methods: The randomized controlled trial was conducted in B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, a tertiary care hospital in Eastern Nepal, over a period of fifteen months from June 2015 to August 2016. Patient in group A underwent HI fixation, and group B underwent P.

Results: Gender ratio for male: female was 2.63 in HI, 1.35 in P group. Mean age was 47.03±15.93 and 42.1±12.788 for HI and P respectively. Most fractures in both group belonged to AO A3 type. Most surgeries were done at interval of 1 day to 1 week. Mean hospital stay was 6.43±4.545 and 4.93±4.676 for HI and P respectively. Mean Lower extremity functional score (LEFS) was 66.55 in HI and 67.15 in P group. Mean Percentage of maximal function (LEFS/80 *100) was 83.56. Three cases among 40 cases in P had infection but no infection in HI group was seen at the end of 12th week follow up.

Conclusions: Our study showed that there is no significant difference in terms of LEFS criteria, union, fracture alignment, ROM (knee, ankle), infection and other outcome measures between HI fixation and P in the treatment of distal tibia fracture in adults.
Closed reduction and proximal femoral nailing in the management of intertrochanteric fractures: a prospective study
Authors: . Santosha
Published: April 2018

Background: Open reduction and dynamic hip screw with plate was considered as the standard method of treatment for intertrochantric fracture of femur previously. With the introduction of proximal femoral nails, closed reduction and proximal femoral nailing are used extensively for the treatment of intertrochantric fractures in the last two decades. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional outcome in early treatment of intertrochanteric fractures of Femur by closed reduction and proximal femoral nailing.

Methods: Study was conducted in the department of orthopaedics in Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal, Manipur, from August 2014 to August 2016. Forty cases of intertrochantric fractures are treated with proximal femoral nails. Patients were followed up for a period of 24 weeks. The modified Harris hip score (MMHS) was used to evaluate the functional outcome of surgery.

Results: Forty consecutive patients were included in this study. Fractures were classified according to Boyd and Griffin classification system. According to the classification 16 cases were type I, 14 cases were type II, 5 were type III and 5 were of type IV. After 12 months of follow-up, all 40 patients were available for evaluation. Radiological union was achieved in a mean time of 14.5 weeks. MHHS was excellent in 13 patients good in 16 patients, fair in 8 patients and poor in 3 patients.

Conclusions: Proximal femoral nailing systems are minimally invasive techniques with shorter operative time and good union rate.
Cemented versus uncemented hemiarthroplasty in elderly patients with displaced femoral neck fractures
Authors: Chaurasia Tushar , Charan Rajat
Published: April 2018

Background: This study compared functional outcome and results between cemented and uncemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty in patients older than 60 years with displaced femoral neck fracture.

Methods: Total fifty four patients with displaced femoral neck fracture were enrolled in this study. Out of total twenty eight patients underwent uncemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty and remaining twenty six patients underwent cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty. Physical examination and radiographs were performed at the first and sixth months after operation and results were recorded. The patient’s pain and functions were evaluated with visual analogue scale and Harris Hip Score and then compared to each other.

Results: All patients were followed up for at least 6 months. Mean operation and bleeding times were longer in cemented group compared to the uncemented group (p>0.05). The mean pain score was significantly less in the cemented group compared to the uncemented group (p=0.001). Hip functional outcome based on HHS was more in the cemented (p=0.001). The intraoperative and postoperative complication rate was higher in the uncemented group (p<0.05).

Conclusions: Although higher rates of intraoperative bleeding and surgery time were seen with cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty in older patients with femoral neck fracture compared to uncemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty, cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty can cause less complication and improve patient’s function in less time. 
A clinico-aetiological study of diaper area dermatoses in children
Authors: R. Bindushree , B. N. Raghavendra , T. S. Rajashekhar , Prasad K. N. V.
Published: April 2018

Background: Diaper area dermatoses is a broad term used to describe various skin conditions that can occur in diaper area. Dermatoses in diaper area can occur as primary disease, as part of a generalised inflammatory skin disease, or as part of a systemic disease.

Methods: One hundred and thirty children below five years with eruptions involving the diaper area were enrolled in the study. A detailed history, general physical examination and dermatological examination was done and recorded in a proforma. Tests such as Tzanck smear, skin biopsy, KOH preparation, culture sensitivity, Gram staining and appropriate hematological investigations were done whenever necessary depending on the presenting condition.

Results: A total of twenty three (23) various dermatoses were encountered. Irritant contact dermatitis (22.3%) was the most common dermatoses, followed by scabies (14.6%), impetigo (13.8%) and papular urticaria (11.5%). Aetiological analysis revealed that majority (28.5%) of dermatoses belonged to infection group followed by inflammatory (26.15%) and arthropod bite (26.15%) groups. Amongst the infective dermatoses, bacterial infection (14.61%) was most common entity followed by viral (10.76%) and fungal infection (3.1%).

Conclusions: Our study emphasizes various dermatoses in diaper area in paediatric population and proves that aetiology is multifactorial and is not because of diaper alone.
Seasonal variation of pediatric dermatoses: a retrospective study conducted in tertiary care centre Ujjain
Authors: Kumar Ujjwal , Varma Krishnendra , Khairwar Pawan Kumar
Published: April 2018

Background: Skin diseases in pediatric age are common health problem with wide variation in the presentation in various regions. Association of seasonal variation in skin disease has been studied for centuries. Environmental factors plays significant role in skin disease. Different climatic factors that may decide the incidence of skin diseases. Cold, warmth, light and humidity play direct or indirect role in occurrence of various dermatosis. Many studies have been done to study pattern of skin disease in pediatric population but only few studies are done for its clinical correlation of seasonal variation. Hence we decided to study seasonal variation in pediatric dermatoses. The objective of the study was to study the seasonal variation, age-wise variation and distribution of common dermatoses in pediatric population in 0-15 years.

Methods: This was a retrospective study done in R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain over a period of one year. A total of 1110 cases of age 0-15 years, who presented in out-patient clinic of dermatology deparment were included in this study. Demographic profile and clinical details were recorded. Data were collected and patient’s details were categorized according to four seasons summer, autumn, winter and spring. Microsoft excel was used for data entry and analysis was done using SPSS version 22.

Results: Out of all the subjects recruited, 55.7% were males and 44.3% were females with M:F ratio1.25:1. The maximum numbers of patients were in the age group of 10-15 years (43.3%). Majority of visits were in summer (n=360, 32.43%) followed by winter and spring season. Most common dermatosis seen during summer was bacterial infection (n=93, 8.37%) and during winter was eczema (n=62, 5.58%).

Conclusions: Dermatoses in children are wide spread problem responsible for significant morbidity in them. In the present study there is seasonal variation of dermatological diseases in pediatric age group. 
Clinical evaluation of common allergens in contact dermatitis to cement
Authors: Narashimman K. , Gomathi V.
Published: April 2018

Background: Cement is the most common cause of occupational dermatitis in construction industry. Skin contact with cement results in irritant contact dermatitis ranging from cement burns to chronic cumulative irritant contact dermatitis. Chromate, cobalt, nickel, epoxy resins and rubber chemicals are the important allergens in construction workers. The objective of the study was to study various clinical pattern of distribution and association between the duration of exposure to cement and clinical manifestation in occupational group.

Methods: 107 cases of contact dermatitis with history of exposure to cement attending the occupational contact dermatitis outpatient department, Department of Dermatology, Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital and college, All the patients were subjected to blood investigation such as complete hemogram, liver function test, renal function test and absolute eosinophil count. Patient with history and clinical features suggestive of contact dermatitis due to cement were patch tested.

Results: Among 107 patients, the most common pattern of involvement includes extremities which account for 64 patients (59.8%) Involvement of face, neck, trunk and extremities was seen in 11 patients (10.3%). Among 81 positive patch test patients, chromium was positive in 78 patients (96.3%) followed by epoxy resin in 14 patients 17.3% and cobalt and thiuram mix in 9 patients (11.1%) each and the least was black rubber mix in 3 patients (3.7%).

Conclusions: This study emphasizes the need for standardization in the chrome content of cement. Strict workplace safety guidelines should be implemented from government to protect workers from developing contact dermatitis to cement. 
Dermatological manifestations of chronic liver disease
Authors: Choudhury Bikash Narayan , Jain Anita , Baruah Urmila Das
Published: April 2018

Background: The present study was conducted to assess the spectrum of cutaneous changes in chronic liver disease and to assess any correlation between the skin findings and the type of the liver disease.

Methods: A total of 100 patients above 18 years of age suffering from chronic liver disease with cutaneous manifestations and attending the Gastroenterology and Dermatology and Venereology department of Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, India during the period from June 2016 to May 2017 were included in the study.

Results: Out of 100 cases, there were 84 males (84%) and 16 females (16%) with the male to female ratio of 5.25:1. Alcoholic liver disease comprised 62% of the patients in the study, other causes being cryptogenic liver disease (14%), chronic hepatitis infection (12%), Wilson’s disease (2%), autoimmune hepatitis (2%), hepatocellular carcinoma (2%), methotrexate induced liver disease (1%) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (1%). Most common skin finding was xerosis (62%). Other key findings included nail changes (60%), pigmentary changes (55%), hair changes (50%), jaundice (40%), cutaneous infections (31%), pruritus (27%).

Conclusions: Patients with chronic liver disease can have a wide spectrum of cutaneous manifestations the most important being xerosis, nail changes, pigmentary changes, hair changes, jaundice, infections, pruritus and spider angioma. These changes can give a clue to the presence of the underlying liver disease and its severity. Hence, identifying these signs earlier can lead to prompt diagnosis and effective management of the underlying condition, thereby preventing its complications.
Atividade de polifenoloxidase em cebola amarela e roxa
Authors: Calado Joeliton Alves , Costa Franciscleudo Bezerra , Pereira Manoel Mykéias Duarte , Silva Bruna Rocha , Sousa Sabrina Vieira
Published: April 2018

A perecibilidade elevada da cebola pode limitar o período de conservação dos bulbos, principalmente pelas transformações bioquímicas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a atividade de polifenoloxidase (PPO) em cebolas amarela e roxa e de seus compostos funcionais. A matéria-prima foi adquirida no comércio local, onde foram transportadas para o Laboratório de Análise de Alimentos, do centro de Ciências e Tecnologia Agroalimentar, da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus Pombal, sendo, selecionadas, higienizadas, classificadas, descascadas, processadas e realizadas as análises químicas e físico-químicas, bem como a determinação da atividade enzimática da polifenoloxidase (PPO). O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com 2 tratamentos (cebola roxa e amarela) com 6 repetições. A cebola roxa apresentou teores de sólidos solúveis, flavonoides e antocianinas mais significativos que a cebola branca. Ambas as cebolas apresentaram atividade enzimática, sem haver diferenças significativas.
Diagnóstico microbiológico e índice de adição de água do leite cru comercializado no município de Pombal, Paraíba
Authors: Paiva Yaroslávia Ferreira , França Kevison Romulo , Silva Everton Vieira da , Silva Filho José Adalberto da , Pereira Karla Elita Viegas , Araújo Alfredina dos Santos
Published: April 2018

A comercialização do leite sem tratamento térmico ou controle de inspeção sanitária é proibida por lei em todo o país, mas persiste principalmente em regiões interioranas. Assim, torna-se importante avaliar o leite nestas localidades, como forma de monitoramento do produto que será consumido pela população. Dessa forma, objetivou-se avaliar o diagnóstico microbiológico e o índice de adição de água em amostras de leite cru comercializado no município de Pombal, Paraíba. Foram coletadas três amostras de cada um dos cinco locais de comercialização, entre os meses de maio e junho de 2017. As mesmas foram obtidas em recipientes estéreis e avaliadas quanto aos parâmetros de Coliformes à 45ºC (NMP/mL), presença/ausência de Salmonella sp. e Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp. (UFC/mL) e Contagem total de bactérias Aeróbias Mesófilas (CTM) (UFC/mL). O índice de adição de água foi determinado através do equipamento Analisador de leite Master Classic. Todas as amostras apresentaram Coliformes à 45ºC (>110 NMP/mL), presença de Salmonella sp. e E. coli, além de altas contagens de Staphylococcus spp. (3,13 x102 a 2,65 x105 UFC/mL) e CTM (2,30 x104 a 3,91 x105 UFC/mL). Observou-se amostras que apresentaram um índice de adição de água de aproximadamente 5%. O leite cru comercializado no município de Pombal mostrou-se fora dos padrões microbiológicos para todos os parâmetros analisados, além da existência de fraude em amostras pela adição de água, estando impróprio para o consumo.
On Philip Abrams and a Multi-Faceted “Historical Event”: The Urabi Movement (1879-1882) in Egypt
Authors: AŞIK Ozan
Published: April 2018

This article explores the Urabi Revolt (1879-1882) in

Egypt as a unique historical event from Philip Abrams’ theoretical perspective.

Abrams argues that the extent of the complexity and uniqueness of a historical

event can be assessed based on the conjunction of various elements and aspects

the event embodies. The Urabi movement represents a “puzzle of the complex

factors”, to use Abrams’ terminology, which impacts a large-scale social

transformation – the transition of Egypt from a Middle Eastern monarchy to a

modern nation-state. Departing from this point of view, in the article, I argue

that the Urabi movement was a convergence of a range of loosely related

developments over the course of a historical event. Hence the question here is

not about choosing a single development among a variety of them and focusing on

it to explain the whole process, but about capturing how each development

shaped the course and character of the event and to what degree.
Contra um Fetichismo nos Estudos Empíricos em Direito Internacional: Moldura Intencional e o Esvaziamento Significativo da Empiria
Authors: Capella Giannattasio Arthur Roberto
Published: April 2018

Os estudos em Direito Internacional no Brasil têm se aproximado de uma tendência neo-realista do Direito, a qual visa a usar técnicas empíricas na construção e na apresentação de seu objeto para verificar as condições materiais de criação e aplicação do Direito Internacional. Apesar da relevância dessa abordagem para aprimorar o conhecimento jurídico-científico internacional, este trabalho suscita um alerta fenomenológico de matriz husserliana. A discussão recente em torno da criação de uma Corte Constitucional Internacional (CCI) se mostra um exemplo ilustrativo. A partir de análise qualitativa documental de fontes primárias e secundárias relativas à CCI, este estudo ressalta que um mesmo material empírico pode sustentar argumentos divergentes - no caso, reforço ou mitigação da autodeterminação dos povos. Essa divergência é interpretada epistemologicamente de acordo com o pensamento fenomenológico husserliano. Percebe-se que, independentemente do material empírico coletado, as conclusões se estabelecem de acordo com o posicionamento categorial do pesquisador. Argumenta-se assim que, apesar de haver uma aderência ao significante empírico, o processo de significação pouco depende dele, o qual tem seu sentido esvaziado. Por isso, argumenta-se que a busca de explicações sobre a origem e a efetividade do Direito Internacional não se restringe a uma dimensão estritamente empírica: apesar de ser necessário incorporar e aprimorar técnicas empíricas nos estudos em Direito Internacional, os limites de aplicação e de eficácia de suas normas jurídicas também derivam de condições imateriais vinculadas às restrições significativas relativas à posição categorial daqueles que as estudam e as operacionalizam.
Casos de revirar o estômago: evidências preliminares do nojo como fator de influência nas decisões judiciais.
Authors: Tavares Rodrigo de Souza , Hannikainen Ivar Rodriguéz
Published: April 2018

Resumo: O presente estudo visa investigar o impacto da emoção do nojo na tomada de decisão jurídica, especificamente em cenários de atribuição de punição e julgamento de constitucionalidade de normas jurídicas. Partindo da literatura disponível no campo da psicologia experimental sobre a relação entre o nojo e a realização de juízos morais, foram delineados estudos que objetivaram aferir uma possível correlação entre o resultado de julgamentos de casos jurídicos hipotéticos e a predisposição ao nojo dos participantes, todos estudantes de graduação em direito. Dentre os cenários escolhidos, foi conferida especial atenção ao chamado domínio da pureza, esfera moral concernente à manutenção da higidez do corpo e da espiritualidade. Parte das vinhetas apresentadas aos participantes envolviam justamente questões jurídicas imbricadas com questões relativas a esse domínio da moralidade. Em seguida, apresentamos os resultados dos experimentos e discutimos possíveis interpretações dos mesmos. Ao final, são levantados possíveis desdobramentos desta pesquisa empírica nos âmbitos teórico e prático do direito.
Análise de Discurso Crítica da anistia política de militares: um estudo teórico, metodológico e prático
Authors: Oliveira David Barbosa
Published: April 2018

Resumo: Este artigo trata das disputas discursivas sobre a anistia política decorrente da ditadura civil-militar brasileira (1964-1985), apresentando o resultado da análise de discurso sobre um corpus composto por entrevistas realizadas com militares anistiados e com militares que representam o pensamento dominante dentro das Forças Armadas (estabelecidos). Para tanto, adotamos a abordagem metodológica da Análise de Discurso Crítica (ADC) de Fairclough (1992, 2003, 2010). Antes de analisar os dados expomos teórica e metodologicamente os pressupostos da ADC. Temos por objetivo analisar as representações sociais dos militares (anistiados e estabelecidos) sobre a anistia, buscando entender se há diferença nas construções de cada grupo a respeito da anistia política.
Repressão, adaptação, reinvenção: o download de música como lazer e negócio na internet (2006-2013)
Authors: Viana Juliana de Alencar , Soares Rafael Fortes
Published: April 2018

Este trabalho apresenta resultados de pesquisa que investigou como o download de música foi representado nas notícias do portal G1, entre os anos de 2006 e 2013. A pesquisa analisou 713 notícias com auxílio do programa Nvivo10. Observamos que houve um momento de repressão e perseguição aos usuários, fechamento de sites e redes de compartilhamento de arquivos por infringirem a Lei de Direitos Autorais; posteriormente houve uma adaptação da indústria, pela liberação de música digital gratuita em troca de receitas de publicidade baseadas em audiência. Por fim, houve uma reinvenção, por parte da indústria fonográfica, da música enquanto negócio, através da ampliação e diversificação dos canais de consumo, como assinatura de serviços online e games temáticos.
Os sentidos de divulgação científica nas teses e dissertações brasileiras: mapeamento inicial
Authors: Flores Natália Martins , Fossá Maria Ivete Trevisan
Published: April 2018

Apresenta uma análise de sentidos sobre divulgação científica (DC) em teses e dissertações brasileiras sobre o tema. Empreende-se um mapeamento inicial dos trabalhos, com a descrição das áreas de pesquisa e referências bibliográficas de seis teses e 44 dissertações. Partindo-se da perspectiva teórica das teorias da linguagem e do discurso e dos conceitos de memória discursiva e interdiscurso, analisam-se os sentidos sobre DC dos resumos de dez trabalhos. Os estudos mapeados são de variadas áreas científicas, reforçando a DC como um objeto transdisciplinar. Os sentidos de DC alinham-se aos universos de: (1) imagem institucional de universidades e centros de pesquisa; (2) educação científica formal e informal; (3) espaços interativos, transitando entre sentidos tecnicistas, participativos e reflexivos. Assinala-se a validade da metodologia de análise de discurso para se investigar as historicidades de conceitos científicos.
Tensões nas representações sobre a democracia nos atos contra e pró-impeachment do Governo Dilma Rousseff na cobertura do jornal Folha de São Paulo em 2015
Authors: Morigi Valdir José , Stueber Ketlen , Engelmann Solange Inês , Cresqui Candice
Published: April 2018

O artigo aborda as tensões sobre a democracia na cobertura das principais matérias do jornal Folha de São Paulo (versão online), durante os atos contra e a favor do impeachment do Governo Dilma Rousseff (Partido dos Trabalhadores) nos meses de março, agosto e dezembro de 2015. Analisa-se como o jornal constrói e coloca em circulação representações sobre a democracia, a partir das tensões presentes nos atos contra e pró-impeachment. Para tanto, apoiamo-nos sobre a Teoria das Representações Sociais, apresentamos elementos sobre o contexto da ditadura militar no Brasil e características da democracia representativa. Pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, com base na Análise de Conteúdo e no estudo de ambiências. Conclui-se que as representações e tensões em torno dos valores democráticos visibilizados na cobertura das matérias denunciaram a tentativa de golpe à democracia e chamaram atenção para os problemas que um regime conservador/autoritário impõe à sociedade. No entanto, destacaram-se os enunciados que contribuíram com a disseminação do ódio à democracia, manutenção das condições de desigualdades sociais, negação dos problemas sociais e dos processos de luta por igualdade de direitos e cidadania. Os discursos, eventos e ações que antecederam ao golpe demarcam a dissolução da delicada manutenção do sistema democrático brasileiro.
CHEDO MIJATOVICH’IN ‘SERVIA AND THE SERVIANS [SIRBISTAN VE SIRPLAR]’ ADLI ESERİNDEKİ FIKRALARDA TÜRK İMGESİ
Authors: BEKKİ Salahaddin , EDİS AYDOĞAN Sahra İpek
Published: April 2018

Chedo Mıjatovıch, “Sırbistan
ve Sırplar, London 1908” adını taşıyan eserinin V. bölümünü (s. 114-133)
fıkralara ayırmıştır. Bu bölümde yer alan 21 adet fıkradan 9’unda (8, 9, 14,
16, 17, 18, 19, 20 ve 21 numaralı fıkralar), Türk fıkra tipleri arasında ortak
şahsiyeti temsil yeteneğini kazanmış olan Nasreddin Hoca, ya fıkraların
başkahramanıdır ya da fıkralarda önemli bir role sahiptir. Mıjatovıch, söz
konusu bölümün girişinde, Sırp fıkralarında Türk ağaları, kadıları ve
hocalarının komik ve aptal kişilikleri temsil eden tipler olarak resmedildiğini
söyler ve bu görüşünü destekleyen fıkra metinlerine yer verir.

Gülmenin ortaya çıkabilmesi için fıkrada yer alan
tiplerden birinin diğer fıkra tiplerine göre bir zaafının, bedenî bir
noksanlığının veya bir zihinsel özrünün bulunması gerekir. Fıkralarda bir olumlu
bir de olumsuz tip (rakip) vardır. Fıkra anlatıcısına göre olumlu tip, her
zaman kendi mensubu bulunduğu millet veya topluluğu temsil eden fıkra tipidir.
Anlatıcı böylelikle hedef aldığı, rakip olarak gördüğü topluluk veya millet
karşısında fıkra tipi üzerinden bir üstünlük sağlamış olur. Olumsuz tip ise
anlatıcının yermek istediği topluluk veya milleti temsil eden tiptir.

Çalışmamızda Sırplar arasında anlatılan ve olumsuz
(rakip) tipleri Türklerin temsil ettiği fıkralar, “Mizahta Üstünlük Teorisi”ne
göre ele alınıp değerlendirilecektir. Bu teorinin temelinde, “rakibi saf dışı bırakmaktan duyulan keyif, bir
başkasını dezavantajlı duruma getirmenin verdiği haz, öteki konumundaki kişinin
düştüğü kötü durumdan duyulan mutluluk, başkalarının talihsizliklerinden ve
acılarından alınan zevk, bedensel çirkinlik veya bozuklukların kendi bedeninde
olmamasından duyulan memnuniyet ile mantıksız hareket ve eylemlere gülme” yer almaktadır.
When Hunger meets Diplomacy: Food Security in Brazilian Foreign Policy
Authors: Coelho Natália Bandeira Ramos , Inoue Cristina Yumie Aoki
Published: April 2018

In the literature on Foreign Policy Analysis, there is a flourishing debate on whether the administration of the Workers’ Party represented a discontinuity in Brazil’s foreign policy. By examining how food security was allocated in the external agenda, this paper claims that the rise of the Workers’ Party did represented a rupture. Secondly, that social gains in reducing hunger were used as a tool to boost Brazil’s soft power.
Sumbangan Paul Ricoeur dalam Proses Berteologi
Authors: Simon John Christian
Published: April 2018

In understanding the theologizing process, the foci are not only on the reality, but also on the means or tools to understand the reality. This article intends to explain the means or tools of theologizing process according to Paul Ricoeur. As a process what at stake is not only the method, but also the methodology, namely the thinking process, the interest of the subject and the premises on certain values. The guiding question is what is Ricoeur’s theologizing methodology, i.e. his hermeneutics? Through dialogue with many parties, Ricoeur found the methodology of reading reality is started with an affi rmation and ended with a critic toward the distortion of reality; this is an affirmative-critical position. However, this methodology is inadequate to comprehend an extremely distorted reality. Hence, the present article offers a reversal move of theologizing process, by prioritizing the critical position toward the distorted reality and following up with the affirmation process by uncovering the element of hope of a good and just life. Ultimately, the theologizing process requires a dialectical methodology of reading the reality, between the critical-affirmative and affirmative-critical positions. The priority of the option is determined by the contextual challenges at hand.
Bat optimisation neural networks for rainfall forecasting: case study for Kuching city
Authors: Kuok King Kuok , Kueh Sze Miang , Chiu Po Chan
Published: April 2018

This paper presents a novel metaheuristic artificial neural network (ANN) model, named as Bat optimisation neural network (BatNN), for spatial downscaling of long-term precipitation. This novel BatNN was developed due to the inefficiency of traditional ANNs in spatial downscaling of large-scale outputs from climate models. Input data are predictors from three climate models including HadCM3, ECHAM5 and HadGEM3-RA combined with observed precipitation collected from Kuching airport rainfall station. The output is the forecasted precipitation. Data from 1961 to 1990 were used for model training, while data from 1991 to 2010 were used for validation. Square root of correlation of determination (r), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient (E) are used to evaluate the models' performance. Results showed that through global and local searches, BatNN is able to avoid local optima trappings. The average r, RMSE, MAE and E for three climate models were yielded to 0.96, 1.69, 1.40 and 0.84, respectively. This reveals that BatNN is able to optimise and forecast long-term precipitation accurately.
Early Occurrence Cases of Diabetes Mellitus: Clinical Picture in Two Major Tertiary Care Hospitals in India
Authors: Joseph Nitin , Sharma Shreya , Modi Vinisha , Manjunatha Sanath , Siddiqui Saad A. , Sinha Mihika
Published: April 2018

Introduction:

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is one of the most common endocrine
diseases in childhood. However, very limited information is available on this disease.

Objectives:

This study was done to assess risk factors, clinical features and management practices in
T1D patients.

Methods:

A review of records of 39 T1D cases admitted over the past five years in two hospitals was
done.

Results:

The mean age at diagnosis among males (n=21) was 19.9±10.3 years and among females
(n=18) was 12.3±7.5 years (t=2.614, p=0.013). Mean age at diagnosis of patients who were underweight
(n=7) was 9.9±4.4 years, compared to 17.8±10.1 years among patients (n=32) with normal or
overweight status (t=2.028, p=0.05). The family history of T1D was present among 7(18.0%) cases.
The most common symptoms among the cases were fatigue 22(56.4%), polyuria 19(48.7%) and
polydipsia 18(46.1%). The most common sign was weight loss 27(69.2%). The most common complications
were diabetic nephropathy and skin infections seen each among 10(25.6%) cases. Mean duration
of T1D was significantly more among patients with diabetic nephropathy (p<0.001), compared to
those without. Mean HbA1c value among patients was 12.9±2.7. It was significantly more among patients
with Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) (p=0.012). A short-acting insulin was used in the management
of T1D among 59.5% cases. The outcome of the management showed a loss of one patient who
developed DKA.

Conclusion:

Routine growth monitoring and blood glucose analysis is required among T1D cases. The
present study provides a database of risk factors, clinical features, and management practices among
patients with T1D in this region and addresses several issues important to both patients and their care
providers.
Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Medicinal and Aromatic Plants: Sideritis raeseri, Sideritis scardica and Origanum vulgare
Authors: Sarakatsianos Ioannis , Adamopoulos Konstantinos , Samanidou Victoria , Goula Athanasia , Ninou Elissavet
Published: April 2018

Background:

Medicinal plants consist a rich source of natural pharmacologically active
compounds. The aim of the current work, was the study and optimization of the extraction conditions of
phenolic constituents from important medicinal and aromatic plants, id. Sideritis raeseri, Sideritis scardica
and Origanum vulgare, implementing microwave assisted extraction technique.

Methods:

Optimization was based on various parameters affecting extraction procedure, such as the
duration of microwave radiation, the ratio of plant material mass to the solvent, the type and the concentration
of the solvent.

Results:

The results revealed that 10 min of microwave radiation provided the maximum extraction
yield of the phenolic constituents. The ratio of the plant material mass and the solvent had minor effect
to the extraction efficiency.

Conclusion:

The examined solvents provided an extraction yield of phenolic constituents following the
order: EtOH<MeOH<H2O<MeOH:H2O (80:20, v/v)<EtOH:H2O (60:40, v/v), in the case of Sideritis
raeseri and Sideritis scardica and the order: H2O<MeOH:H2O (80:20, v/v)<EtOH:H2O (60:40, v/v) <
MeOH<EtOH in the case of Origanum vulgare.
Composites of Poly (3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene) with Nanostructures as Electrochemical Sensors for Application in Bioelectroanalysis
Authors: Krzyczmonik Paweł , Skrzypek Sławomira
Published: April 2018

Background:

The article presents the state of research on conductive composite materials constructed on the basis of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), a conductive polymer, as well as selected nanoparticles and nanostructures. Combining two or more materials in a composite which is later used in electrode modification can result in obtaining an electrode with new, more desirable properties. One of such fields is pharmacological analysis which, due to the continuous emergence of new substances and often also a need for analyte determination in complex samples, requires newer instruments in the form of suitably sensitive and selective sensors.

Contents:

The review contains the description of properties of PEDOT and composite PEDOT with polystyrenesulfonates. In the following part, composite materials are described: PEDOT-CNT, PEDOT- nanoparticles, PEDOT-graphene. The review closes with the examples of multi-component composite materials.

Conclusion:

The on-going development of new substances used in medicine, pharmacy and related fields, as well as the continuous increase in the production and consumption of this type of substances, necessitates constant development and modernization of analytical techniques used for their determination.

:

Biomedical assays require being able to carry out determinations in different systems, including in vitro ones, without separating individual compounds. It is necessary to be able to identify several substances simultaneously or determine one compound in the presence of chemically similar substances. Modern electrode materials such as PEDOT and nanostructured materials allow for the development of sensors which are getting increasingly better at meeting the requirements of the analysts.
Metal Complexes of Natural Product Like-compounds with Antitumor Activity
Authors: Heras Beatriz L. , Amesty Ángel , Estévez-Braun Ana , Hortelano Sonsoles
Published: April 2018

Cancer continues to be one of the major causes of death worldwide. Despite many advances in the
understanding of this complex disease, new approaches are needed to improve the efficacy of current therapeutic
treatments against aggressive tumors. Natural products are one of the most consistently successful sources of drug
leads. In recent decades, research activity into the clinical potential of this class of compounds in cancer has
increased. Furthermore, a highly promising field is the use of metals and their complexes in the design and
development of metal-based drugs for the treatment of cancer. Metal complexes offer unique opportunities due to
their ability to alter pharmacology, improving the efficacy and/or reducing the negative side effects of drug
molecules. In addition, transition metals as copper, iron, and manganese, among others, can interact with active
sites of enzymes, playing important roles in multiple biological processes. Thus, these complexes not only possess
higher activities but also reach their targets more efficiently. This review article highlights recent advances on the
emerging and expanding field of metal-based drugs. The emphasis is on new therapeutic strategies consisting of
metal complexes with natural product like-compounds as a starting point for the rational design of new antitumor
agents.
Active Surveillance for Low-risk Prostate Cancer: Are All Criteria Similar?
Authors: Cimino Sebastiano , Privitera Salvatore , Favilla Vincenzo , Cantiello Francesco , Manno Stefano , Cicione Antonio , Damiano Rocco , Russo Giorgio Ivan , Morgia Giuseppe
Published: April 2018

Background:

Active Surveillance (AS) is a therapeutic strategy for early-stage Prostate Cancer (PCa)
conceived to balance early detection of aggressive disease and overtreatment of indolent tumor. Several active
surveillance protocols have been published over the years, however the risk of misclassification still exist. In
this review, we revised the current criteria of AS and evaluated the characteristics of potential risk factors of
misclassification or deferred treatment.

Methods:

We did a systematic search of the MEDLINE database, from 1993 to May 2015, according to Preferred
Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis statement guidelines and limited to the English
language. The search terms used included “prostate cancer” and “active surveillance” and “criteria. We have
excluded from the study reviews and editorial comments as well as multiple papers from the same data sets.

Results:

Although the follow-up of reported studies was a quite short compared to the duration of the disease,
the data are sufficient to conclude that active surveillance should be offered to men with low-risk disease and to
men with intermediate risk and poor life expectancy. The present challenge, in fact, is to differentiate the clinically
silent disease from the unfavorable course by identifying the right timing for any deferred treatment. This
is made particularly difficult by the absence of randomized controlled trials directly comparing different AS
monitoring methods.

Conclusion:

As summarized in this review, it is still difficult to select patients eligible for active surveillance
and differentiate them from those that should move to active treatment. From the data, currently available in the
literature, however, it is possible to recommend active surveillance to men with low-risk disease and to men
with intermediate-risk disease but with short life expectancy.
Systemic Injections of Primidone Cause Wake-Inducing Effects in Rats
Authors: Salas-Crisóstomo Mireille , Franco-Tormo María J. , Trujillo-Paredes Niurka , Arankowsky-Sandoval Gloria , Arias-Carrión Óscar , Machado Sérgio , Murillo-Rodríguez Eric
Published: April 2018

Background:

Essential Tremor (ET) is a disease present in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson´s disease. Besides the motor dysfunction, ET also causes sleep problems, including excessive daytime sleepiness. To manage ET, several compounds are prescripted, such as primidone. However, no evidence is available regarding the effects of primidone on sleep.  Objective: We analyzed the effects of systemic injections of primidone on sleep in rats.  Method: Rats with sleep electrodes received different doses of primidone (0, 5, 10 or 50mg/Kg, i.p.) at the beginning of the lights-on period. Next, the effects of primidone on the states of vigilance were characterized.

Results:

At the highest dose of primidone (50mg/Kg), animals displayed an increase in Wakefulness (W) whereas Slow Wave Sleep (SWS) and Rapid Eye Movement Sleep (REMS) were decreased. In addition, sleep parameters such as the number of bouts, mean duration and latency were affected in primidone-treated animals. In this regard, the drug caused an enhancement in the number of bouts of W and SWS while the number of events of REMS showed a diminution. Regarding the mean duration, we found that SWS was decreased after primidone treatments whereas W and REMS remained with no statistical changes. Lastly, the latency of SWS was enhanced in primidone-treated animals while no statistical changes were found in REMS.

Conclusion:

Our findings demonstrate that primidone, a drug that is used to control ET, provokes wake-inducing effects in rats.
Application of Additive Homeopathy in Cancer Patients
Authors: Frass Michael
Published: April 2018

Oncologic patients are often suffering from side effects of conventional therapy such as chemotherapy, radiation and/or surgery. In order to support those patients, additive complementary medicine, such as homeopathy might be helpful. Several case reports as well as studies report beneficial effects of homeopathy in cancer patients. Furthermore, homeopathy may also be helpful with respect to improvement of quality of life (QoL). Another advantage is that homeopathic remedies can be combined with all sorts of conventional medicine, since there is no interference. Its ease of application makes it a perfect tool for those with severe side effects. In addition, it may help to positively influence mood and mind of patients. This issue focuses on case reports of individualized homeopathy.
Budget impact analysis of long-acting injectable aripiprazole once-monthly 400 mg in bipolar I disorder in the USA
Authors: Augusto Margarida , Greene Mallik , Touya Maëlys , Sweeney Samantha Min , Waters Heidi
Published: April 2018

Aim:
To estimate the budget impact (BI) of introducing aripiprazole once-monthly 400 mg/300 mg (AOM 400) in the maintenance monotherapy treatment of bipolar I disorder versus long-acting injectables, oral antipsychotics and best supportive care.
Methods:
A BI model was developed from a US-payer perspective using treatment-related, hospitalization and adverse event management cost estimates for a hypothetical 1,000,000-member health plan over a 5-year period.
Results:
Market share of AOM 400 was predicted to increase from 0.6% in Year 1 (current scenario) to 1.3% in Year 5 (predicted scenario), with predicted increases for paliperidone palmitate, asenapine and cariprazine. Treatment-related costs explained the BI increase, while adverse event and hospitalization costs were reduced. The per member per month incremental cost ranged from US$0.06 to US$0.26 in Years 1–5. The largest increases were predicted for paliperidone palmitate.
Conclusion:
As market shares of atypical antipsychotics are predicted to increase, payers may wish to re-evaluate their use.
Data Curation for Community Science Project: CHIME Pilot Study
Authors: Yoon Ayoung , Spotts Lydia , Copeland Andrea
Published: April 2018

This paper introduces a community science project, Citizen Data Harvest in Motion Everywhere (CHIME), and the findings from our pilot study, which investigated potential concerns regarding data curation. The CHIME project aims to build a cyclist communityâ€“driven data archive that citizens, community scientists, and governments can use and reuse. While citizensâ€™ involvement in the project enables data collection on a massive, unprecedented scale, the citizen-generated data (cyclistsâ€™ video data recorded with wearable cameras in the CHIME context) also presents several concerns regarding curation due to the grassroots nature of the data. Learning from our examination of cyclistsâ€™ video data and interviews with them, we will discuss the curation concerns and challenges we identified in our pilot study and introduce our approach to addressing these issues. Our study will provide insights into data curation concerns, to which other citizen science projects can refer. As a next step, we are in the process of developing a data curation model that will consider other factors related to this community science project and can be implemented in future community science projects.
Factors Influencing the Motivation of The Students From Thailand in Choosing English Department in University of Muhammadiyah Malang
Authors: Kumalasari Faradila , Soeparto Soeparto
Published: April 2018

Factors Influencing the Motivation of The Students From Thailand in Choosing English Department in University of Muhammadiyah Malang
What’s new about ‘fake news’? Critical digital literacies in an era of fake news, post-truth and clickbait
Authors: Pangrazio Luci
Published: April 2018

The 2016 Facebook fake news scandal has highlighted the difficulty in determining the credibility and reliability of news. As a result, there have been calls for individuals to adopt a more informed and critical stance toward the sources of their news. This paper considers what might be involved in cultivating critical digital literacies in an era of post-truth, fake news and clickbait. Using the platform as the framework for study, the paper examines how the architecture, algorithms and network effects of the platform have changed the way news is created and disseminated, and how audiences are positioned to engage with it. This theoretical critique provides insight into the technical, political and social issues surrounding how individuals engage with online news.
La relación docente-estudiante en el aula de computación uno a uno
Authors: Hershkovitz Arnon
Published: April 2018

La relación entre docente y estudiante es un componente importante tanto para el desarrollo de uno como del otro. Los ambientes de aprendizaje actuales, ricos en tecnología, ofrecen oportunidades que podrían cambiar dichas relaciones. El presente trabajo presenta conclusiones de seis estudios de relaciones docente-estudiante en aulas de computación uno a uno (y otro estudio que refiere a la docencia a distancia). Juntos, ambos estudios —llevados a cabo en Israel, entre 2014 y 2016, con metodologías tanto cualitativas como cuantitativas, con una muestra combinada de 238 docentes— resaltan mejoras varias en las relaciones docente-estudiante. En general, se mantiene que los programas de computación uno a uno generan cambios importantes en las estrategias de enseñanza y de aprendizaje, y que dichos cambios afectan las relaciones docente-estudiante de manera positiva.