bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cultural Differences between Learners and its Impact on the Development of Blended Learnings: an Analysis of Shift Supervisors in Austria, China, The Czech Republic, Great Britain, Indonesia and The United States
Authors: Kogler Doris
Published: January 2020

The education and training of employees is an elementary component of many companies. To ensure an efficient further education of employees, trainings should be optimally adapted to the respective target group. Here, among other things, the culture of the learner plays a major role. This paper is based on findings identified in an internationally active Austrian company. Six of the largest sites of the company, which will be included in the survey, are based in Austria, China, the Czech Republic, Great Britain, Indonesia and the United States. The goal of this survey is to reveal the biggest differences regarding learning preferences and learning strategies of the company’s shift supervisors in relation to their cultural backgrounds. The focus will be on behavioral changing blended learnings. Based on the findings, recommendations for action should be made to allow for adaptations of future blended learnings and to better meet the culturally diverse needs of the company’s shift supervisors. To reach these goals, a qualitative research with sixteen semi-structured expert interviews will be carried out. The informants will be employees of the six different production sites of the company and external trainers that have already worked with the company. All of them are experienced in the development and/or implementation of trainings for one or more of the discussed cultures. Up to the present time, fourteen interviews have been carried out and transcribed. In a first step, to offer preliminary findings for this paper, four interviews with the employees from the Czech Republic and the United States have been analyzed. Based on these interviews it can be noted that there are a lot of similarities in learning behavior of shift supervisors in the Czech Republic and the US. The discovered differences deal with the personal relationship between trainer and learner, the combination of participants in face-to-face trainings and the perceived self-efficacy of learners.
Stawanie się osobą dorosłą w czasach płynnej nowoczesności w doświadczeniu wielkomiejskich młodych dorosłych
Authors: Kudlińska-Chróścicka Iwona
Published: January 2020

W artykule podjęto próbę odtworzenia procesu stawania się człowiekiem dorosłym w wymiarze tożsamościowym i interakcyjnym na podstawie oryginalnych badań jakościowych. Na podstawie pogłębionych wywiadów swobodnych quasi-biograficznych oraz zogniskowanych wywiadów grupowych przeprowadzonych z młodymi urodzonymi w 1986 roku i wchodzącymi w dorosłość w środowisku wielkomiejskim osobami. Analizę ścieżek kształtowania się tożsamości człowieka dorosłego osadzono w teorii płynnej nowoczesności, teorii wczesnej dorosłości, a także w teorii tożsamości, a następnie, wykorzystując instrumentarium pojęciowe tychże nurtów teoretycznych, scharakteryzowano etapy formowania się tożsamości osoby dorosłej.
IMPLEMENTASI ALGORITMA FUZZY TIPE-2 UNTUK PENENTUAN KRITERIA KOTA BERDASARKAN STANDAR SMART CITY
Authors: Alfachruddin M. Nabil Fahd
Published: January 2020

City is a role model which represents the advancement of technology and the existence of prosperity. An improvement of technology should be used as a key to manage city’s prosperity. Many standards used to measure the value of city’s prosperity. One of that standards is smart city standard. It used factors which define city’s prosperity, hence it needs a key factor that allows the standard to produce a crisp result from the available factors. There are 6 key variables of city’s prosperity of smart city standard, they are smat governance, smart mobility, smart people, smart economy, smart environment dan smart mobility. Type-2 fuzzy algorithm is used to determine city prosperity’ grade using smart city standard. The algorithm is implemented in a game of Malang city’s miniature which named after Malang Urban. In this research several in-game experiments are made to get values that meet a specified rules. The values consist 73,33% of not ready category, 6, 67% of standard category, and 20% of good smart category of all in-game attempts.
Training the Next Generation of Health Equity Researchers: Exploring STEM Pathways and Best Practices
Authors: Jones Harlan P.
Published: January 2020

Training the Next Generation of Health Equity Researchers: Exploring STEM Pathways and Best Practices
AN EXAMINATION OF WORK-LIFE BALANCE, LISTENING SATISFACTION, AND RELATIONSHIP DISSOLUTION AMONG MARITAL AND COHABITING COUPLES
Authors: Ramos Salazar Leslie , Nguyen Thao
Published: January 2020

The high demands placed from a society on individuals may impact the perceived work-life balance of individuals in cohabiting and married relationships. Work-life imbalances may lead to poor communication, which can impact the feelings of wanting to dissolve the relationship due to dissolutionment. Also, when partners are dissatisfied with the listening behavior in their relationship, this may lead to relationship dissolution. To examine the relationships between work-life balance, listening satisfaction, and relationship dissolution among cohabiting and marital couples, this study analyzed data from the National Center for Family and Marriage Research at the Bowling Green State University (2010). Instruments included the Marital Disillusionment Questionnaire and the Work-Family Conflict Scale. The study included 2,150 individuals, including 1,075 couples with 50% of females and 50% of males, and the average age of participants was 44. Correlation analyses results demonstrated differences among marital and cohabiting couples based on their listening satisfaction and relationship dissolution. Work-life balance was positively related to listening satisfaction, but inversely related to relationship dissolution. Independent t-test results also showed that cohabiting individuals reported higher listening satisfaction than did married individuals. However, married individuals reported being more dissolutioned with their relationship than did cohabiting individuals. Regression results indicated that work-life balance was positively related to listening satisfaction, and inversely related to relationship dissolution. Listening satisfaction partially mediated the inverse relationship between work-life balance and relationship dissolution. The type of relationship moderated the relationship between work-life balance and listening satisfaction, and the inverse relationship between work-life balance and relationship dissolution. Finally, duration of the relationship moderated the positive relationship between work-life balance and listening satisfaction. Findings offer insights on the relationships between work-life balance, listening satisfaction, and relationship dissolution in romantic relationships.
EFFECTS OF PERSONALITY TRAITS AND NEGATIVE LIFE EVENTS ON FATHERS’ VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN
Authors: Milovanović Ilija , Dinić Bojana M. , Jovanov Milana , Sadiković Selka , Kodžopeljić Jasmina
Published: January 2020

Previous studies mostly explored the characteristics of mothers who showed tendency towards violence against children. However, there was a lack of research regarding the characteristics of abusive fathers. The aim of this study was to test the effects of fathers’ personality traits and frequency of negative life events, as well as their interaction on violence against children. The study was conducted on a sample of 259 fathers from the general population from Serbia. Results showed that higher Aggressiveness and more presence of negative life events contributed to the prediction of violence against children. Furthermore, the interaction between Neuroticism and negative life events was also significant, showing that fathers with lower Neuroticism and more negative life events were more prone to violence against children. The results of this study confirm that personality traits could be important determinants of violent behavior toward children, but also add to the conclusion that some of them should be considered in the context of negative situational factors.
El texto Don Crescencio: ilustración del sistema tonal del zapoteco de Teotitlán del Valle
Authors: Uchihara Hiroto , Gutiérrez Ambrocio
Published: January 2020

El zapoteco de Teotitlán del Valle ha recibido mucha atención, probablemente, debido a la hipótesis de que es el heredero directo del zapoteco colonial. No obstante, su sistema tonal en gran medida se ha quedado inexplorado por parte de los lingüistas y estudiosos del zapoteco. El objetivo de este artículo es doble. Primero, presentar un texto oral sobre Dā Krésěːnsy ‘Don Crescencio’. Segundo, a partir de los datos de este texto oral, caracterizar el sistema y los procesos tonales en el zapoteco de Teotitlán del Valle. Hasta donde sabemos, este es el primer intento de identificación y representación de todos los contrastes fonológicos y tonos en esta lengua zapoteca.
Presentación
Authors: Tlalocan Tlalocan
Published: January 2020

Presentación
Akdeniz Bölgesi Tarım Alanlarında Bulunan Akşam Sefası (Ipomoea spp.) İle Tarla Sarmaşığı (Convolvulus spp.) Türlerinin, Yaygınlık Ve Yoğunluk Durumları
Authors: ÖZKİL Mine , ÜREMİŞ İlhan
Published: January 2020

Amaç: Ipomoea spp. ve Convolvulus spp. Convolvulaceae familyasına ait
bitkilerden olup, tek veya çok yıllık olarak dünyada yaygın olarak bulunan
istilacı yabancı otlardandır. Pek çok kültür bitkisinde sorun olan ve günümüzde
istilacı özelliği ile ön plana çıkan Ipomoea ve Convolvulus türlerinin, yaygınlık ve
yoğunluklarının belirlenmesi amacıyla Akdeniz bölgesinde sürvey çalışması
yapılmıştır.

Materyal ve Metot: Akdeniz bölgesinde bulunan Antalya, Adana, Mersin, Hatay, Kahramanmaraş
ve Osmaniye illerinde yapılan sürveylerde, her bir il merkezi başlangıç kabul
edilmiştir. Sürveyler sırasında her 10 km’de bir rastlantısal olarak durulmuş
ve en yakın tarım alanını temsil edecek şekilde 1 da’lık alandan örnekler
alınmıştır. Her bir örnekleme noktasına 1m2’lik çerçeveden tesadüfi
olarak 5 kez atılarak yabancı ot türlerinin sayımları yapılmıştır.

Bulgular: Akdeniz
bölgesi genelinde Convolvulaceae familyasından Convolvulus cinsine ait 5 ve
Ipomoea cinsine ait 3 olmak üzere 8 yabancı ot türü belirlenmiştir. Bunların türleri,
yaygınlık (%) ve yoğunlukları (adet/m2), sırasıyla, Convolvulus arvensis L. (52.32 ve 0.57),
Convolvulus scammonia L. (0.86 ve >0.01),
Convolvulus stachydifolius Coisy (0.69
ve 0.01), Convolvulus betonicifolius Mill.
(0.52 ve >0.01),Convolvulus galaticus Roston.
ex Choisy (0.17 ve >0.01), Ipomoea
triloba L. (9.12 ve 0.13), Ipomoea
hederacea (Linn) Jacq. (3.44 ve 0.02) ve Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth. (1.20 ve 0.01)’dır.
Hubungan Cakupan Tablet Fe3 dengan BBLBR di Provinsi Jawa Timur tahun 2017
Authors: A'ila Irohatul , Sumarmi Sri
Published: January 2020

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is one of the children's health indicators. Based on the health profile of East Java province in 2017, the prevalence of LBW increased from 3.6% in 2016 to 3.8%. Besides increasing the prevalence of LBW, there was a decrease in Fe3 tablet coverage. In 2016 Fe3 tablets decreased by 88.2% and decreased in 2017 to 87.4%. A decrease in Fe3 tablet coverage is likely to cause a high prevalence of LBW.Objective: This study aimed to know the relationship of Fe3 tablets with the prevalence of LBW in East Java province in 2017. Methods: The type of this research was quantitative research using secondary data on the health profile of East Java province in 2017. The observed variables was Fe3 tablet coverage and LBW prevalence. Data analysis using a Pearson correlation and Chi-square test.Result: The regency/city included in the category of low Fe3 tablet coverage was 55.3% and as many as 21.1% regency/city with LBW prevalence were included in the category of not public health problems. Pearson correlation test results (p-value=0.270) and Chi-square test (p-value=0.206) showed there was no relationship between the coverage of Fe3 tablets with prevalence of LBW in East Java Province in 2017.Conclusion: The regency/city that has low Fe3 tablet coverage doesn’t necessarily have a high LBW prevalence. Further research is needed to find out other factors related to the high prevalence of LBW in East Java Province in 2017.ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR) merupakan salah satu indikator kesehatan anak. Berdasar profil kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Timur tahun 2017, kejadian BBLR mengalami peningkatan dari 3,6% pada tahun 2016 menjadi 3,8%. Selain peningkatan prevalensi BBLR, terjadi penurunan cakupan tablet Fe3 (90 tablet Fe) yang diberikan kepada ibu hamil. Pada tahun 2016 cakupan tablet Fe3 sebesar 88,2% dan menurun pada tahun 2017 menjadi 87,4%. Cakupan pemberian tablet Fe kepada ibu hamil merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat berhubungan dengan kejadian BBLR.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan cakupan tablet Fe3 untuk ibu hamil dengan kejadian BBLR di Provinsi Jawa Timur pada tahun 2017.Metode: Jenis Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan data sekunder profil kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Timur tahun 2017. Data sekunder yang digunakan berupa data cakupan tablet Fe3 dan kejadian BBLR. Analisis data menggunakan uji korelasi perason.Hasil: Hasil uji korelasi pearson antara cakupan tablet Fe3 dengan kejadian BBLR di Provinsi Jawa Timur pada tahun 2017 menunjukkan nilai p-value <0,05 (p=0,000). Hal ini menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara cakupan tablet Fe3 dengan kejadian BBLR di Provinsi Jawa Timur tahun 2017 dengan koefisiensi korelasi r=0,706.Kesimpulan: erdapat hubungan antara cakupan tablet Fe3 dengan kejadian BBLR di Provinsi Jawa Timur pada tahun 2017.
Empowerment of The Roadside Communities in Samirplapan Gresik Through Garbage Bank
Authors: Diyanah Khuliyah Candraning , Putri Nuzulul Kusuma , Pawitra Aditya Sukma
Published: January 2020

Background: The partnership program with the community was held by establishing  a garbage bank and a waste management center in Samirplapan Village, Duduk Sampeyan District, Gresik. Starting with the problem of partners, the large amount of waste generated due to being on the edge of the inter-city connecting road of Gresik- Lamongan that is often passed by many vehicles. The community still has not the knowledge to manage waste becomes more economic value. Purpose: this activity aimed to help the community in utilizing inorganic waste to be more economically valuable through the garbage bank system. While organic waste will be processed in each household into compost using the Takakura method. Methods: This activity ran for 6 months, beginning with the socialization of garbage banks to village communities, technical training, implementation of the garbage bank system, monitoring and evaluation, and development. The targets of this partnership program are PKK (community that focused on woman welfare) and community in Samirplapan village, which are mostly housewives. Results: A Garbage bank in Samirplapan village has been formed with 35 members, participants actively participate in garbage bank activities, and the knowledge of participants has also increased. In addition, participants were given training in handicrafts made from inorganic waste and how to make compost with Takakura. Conclusion: Garbage bank is one form of solution in handling waste problems by applying the principle of 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) based on community.
The Implementation of Market Segmentation Strategy to Increase the Number of Customers of a Healthy Food and Beverage Product in Surabaya
Authors: Ervianty Rizka Miladiah
Published: January 2020

This study aims to determine the application of marketing segmentation strategies to increase the number of customers of healthy food and beverage products. This study is conducted to analyze the phenomenon where the number of people suffering from obesity is increasing especially in urban areas in Indonesia. This phenomenon appears as one of the effects of changes in people's lifestyles today which tend to consume less healthy food and drinks which can trigger obesity in the body. The healthy food and beverage product, “X”, seeks to contribute a solution for public health problems as well as to meet the demand for food and beverage products that are healthy and practical to consume. The data of this study were obtained from a survey of respondents in Surabaya, East Java. Hence, descriptive statistical methods was applied. The results showed that the application of marketing segmentation strategies can increase the number of customers who buy healthy food and beverage products of the X brand.
When Green Infrastructure Turns Grey: Implications of Overdesign on Plant Water Stress
Authors: Tu Min-cheng , Caplan Joshua S. , Eisenman Sasha W. , Wadzuk Bridget M
Published: January 2020

Green infrastructure systems are often overdesigned. This may be a byproduct of static sizing (e.g., accounting for a design storm’s runoff volume but not exfiltration rates) or may be deliberate (e.g., buffering against performance loss through time). Regardless, overdesign may compromise plants’ access to water in systems where soil pits are embedded in infiltration beds. It could raise the storm size required for water to reach soil pits, reducing water availability between storms, which could ultimately induce plant physiological stress. This study investigated the hydrological dynamics and water relations of a tree trench system suspected to have been overbuilt and identified factors contributing to, compounding, and mitigating the risk of plant stress. Results provided strong evidence that the abovementioned processes played out. Water in the infiltration bed reached soil pits only once in three years, with that event occurring during a hydrant release. Moreover, minimal water was retained in the soil pit during the event due to the hydraulic properties of the soil media. Through a growing season, one of the two tree types frequently experienced water stress, while the other did so only rarely. These contrasting responses can likely be attributed to roots either being largely confined to the soil pits or reaching a deeper water source. Implications of these results for green infrastructure design are considered.
Visualising the Experimentally Uncharted Territories of Membrane Protein Structures inside Protein Data Bank
Authors: Li Wei
Published: January 2020

As of today, there is not any direct report yet of the degree to which missing residues exist for experimentally determined membrane protein (MP) structures, which constitute more than half of current drug targets. With a chain- and position-specific visualisation and a statistical analysis of all MP structures inside PDB (as of September 25, 2019), this article argues that the experimentally uncharted territories (EUTs, i.e., consisting of missing residues) within PDB are pluggable and should be plugged with an experimental data-driven hybrid approach, and calls for continued development of MP structural determination with less and less EUTs, in light of MPs' crucial role in biological and biomedical research, both fundamental and pharmaceutical.
Disparities in Smoking Cessation Outcomes among Multi-ethnic Pregnant Smokers in San Bernardino County, CA: Findings from the Loma Linda University Health Comprehensive Tobacco Treatment Program
Authors: Petersen Anne Berit , Ogunrinu Temidayo , Wallace Shane , Yun Jane , Belliard Juan Carlos , Singh Pramil
Published: January 2020

Smoking during pregnancy remains one of the most significant risk factors for poor birth outcomes. The Loma Linda University Health Comprehensive Tobacco Treatment Program (CTTP) is the largest maternal tobacco cessation program in San Bernardino County – the largest county in the contiguous US. CTTP is an eight week, incentivized, behavioral intervention for tobacco cessation for pregnant smokers. As part of program evaluation, we used a retrospective cohort design to assess smoking abstinence and to identify predictors of relapse/smoking after enrollment. Among CTTP cohort enrollees (n=233) from 2012-2013 we found: 1) a 28.4% 8 week point prevalence abstinence (PPA), and at a median of 9 months of follow-up after the PPA, 81.6% continued to indicate tobacco cessation, and 2) a high rate of relapse or loss to follow-up (56%). Our modeling of relapse/smoking after enrollment indicated that this was higher in young mothers, non-Hispanic mothers (White, Black), first/third trimester mothers, and rural mothers. The evaluation identified efficacy of the behavioral model at 8 weeks, but that relapse/smoking was occurring in disparity populations. Formative research is needed to expand the programmatic outreach and enrollment of mothers wanting to quit smoking.
Smartphone dalam Konstruk Teori Ikhlas Beribadah di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0
Authors: Lutfiyah Lutfiyah
Published: January 2020

Digital era, smartphone gives birth to a new culture for its users. The news is true and the hoax is going back and forth on social media. The religious behavior between the servant and his Lord should be private and not become a private matter with evidence of the display of ritual worship on social media. Worship should be performed specifically and privately, starting to be displayed through a smartphone and can be consumed by the general public. The purpose of this research is to determine the function of a smartphone when it is clashed with the theory of sincere worship during the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era. This paper uses a closed interview technique with a questionnaire, and documentation to reveal how the theory of worship should be carried out, the sincere theory that has been defined by the salaf scholars and how the translation of Muslims in the digital age. The subject of this paper is a lecturer in Islamic Education (PAI) at the Walisongo State Islamic University (UIN) Semarang. The results of this paper indicate that PAI lecturers actively use smartphones, but do not pay attention to the content of the post ofworship mahdhah with more evidence of abstention.
Tradisi Reresik Sendang Masyarakat Wonosoco dalam Perspektif Ekoteologi Islam
Authors: Soraya Ahna
Published: January 2020

This study aims to determine the perspective of Islamic eco-theology in the Reresik Sendang tradition in Wonosoco Village. How the people of Wonosoco Village carry out, interpret, and how the Reresik Sendang tradition is seen from the perspective of Islamic eco-theology. This research uses a type of field research using a qualitative descriptive approach. Data collection techniques obtained through the results of observations, interviews, and documentation. The findings from this study indicate several important points: First, the tradition of Reresik Sendang is a form of effort by the people of Wonosoco Village in preserving the natural environment based on Islamic teachings. Secondly, in the implementation of the Reresik Sendang tradition, there are still rituals which are Hindu-Buddhist teachings. The community interpreted that the Sendang Reresik tradition is a form of gratitude to God Almighty, as well as a form of respect for the ancestors. Third, viewed from the perspective of Islamic eco-theology in the Reresik Sendang tradition in Wonosoco Village, there is a meeting point in it, which sees nature as a "sign" of God.
Correlations of HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Indications and Uptake, Chicago, Illinois, 2015–2018
Authors: Pyra Maria , Rusie Laura K. , Baker Kristin Keglovitz , Baker Andie , Ridgway Jessica , Schneider John
Published: January 2020

Objectives. To examine gaps in identification of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) candidates, uptake, and use of PrEP by populations most likely to seroconvert.

Methods. At a federally qualified health center in Chicago, Illinois, we used electronic medical records, prescription data, and our best approximation of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PrEP guidelines to determine how many patients were indicated for PrEP relative to HIV diagnoses (indication:HIV), how many were on PrEP relative to indications (PrEP:indication), and how many were on PrEP relative to HIV diagnoses (PrEP:HIV). We compared these ratios across age, gender and orientation, race/ethnicity, and insurance.

Results. Overall, there were 32 indications per incident diagnosis and 16 patients on PrEP per incident diagnosis. In adjusted models, Whites had higher indication:HIV and PrEP:HIV ratios compared with Blacks, men who have sex with men had higher indication:HIV and PrEP:HIV ratios compared with transwomen but lower PrEP:indication ratios, and uninsured patients had higher indication:HIV but lower PrEP:indication and PrEP:HIV ratios compared with those with insurance.

Conclusions. PrEP use, relative to HIV diagnoses, differs by important patient characteristics. While improved guidelines will address some of the disparity, better approaches for determining PrEP candidates and more normalized patient–provider communication are needed to ensure better PrEP access to all individuals at high risk for HIV.
Preemption in Tobacco Control: A Framework for Other Areas of Public Health
Authors: Crosbie Eric , Schmidt Laura A.
Published: January 2020

Preemption—when a higher level of government limits the authority of a lower level to enact new policies—has been devastating to tobacco control. We developed a preemption framework based on this experience for anticipating and responding to the possibility of preemption in other public health areas. We analyzed peer-reviewed literature, reports, and government documents pertaining to tobacco control preemption. We triangulated data and thematically analyzed them.

Since the 1980s, tobacco companies have attempted to secure state preemption through front groups, lobbying key policymakers, inserting preemption into other legislation, and issuing legal threats and challenges. The tobacco control community responded by creating awareness of preemption through media advocacy, educating policymakers, mobilizing national collaborations, and expanding networks with the legal community. Ten of the 25 state smoke-free preemption laws have been fully repealed. Repeal, however, took an average of 11 years.

State preemption has been detrimental to tobacco control by dividing the health community, weakening local authority, chilling public education and debate, and slowing local policy diffusion. Health scholars, advocates, and policymakers should use the framework to anticipate and prevent industry use of preemption in other public health areas.
Comparison of the clinical benefits for non-small cell lung cancer patients between different volume of pleural lavage fluid following video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy and systematic mediastinal lymph node dissection: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhou Jian , Liu Chengwu , Man Shulei , Lyu Mengyuan , Liao Hu , Chen Nan , Cheng Yuhui , Liu Lunxu
Published: January 2020

Background: Pleural lavage is regularly performed before closing chest wall in pulmonary surgeries to prevent pleural implantation of tumor cells and postoperative infection. However, scant data could be found in the literature regarding the optimal regimen for performing pleural lavage.To establish a propervolume of pleural lavage, we herein designed this randomized controlled trial.
Methods: A total of 400 participants with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy and systematic mediastinal lymph node dissection (MLND) will be randomly assigned into 2 groups: Group A (500ml pleural lavage fluid) and Group B (3000ml pleural lavage fluid). The primary outcomes include the levels of leukocytes, neutrophils, inflammatory factors on the first postoperative day. The secondary outcomes include: (i) the levels of leukocytes, neutrophils, inflammatory factors on the second and third postoperative day; (ii) the incidence of postoperative fever on the first, second and third postoperative day; (iii) the volumes of chest drainage within the first 3 operative days, the duration of drainage, and postoperative hospitalization; (iv) the incidence of postoperative complications (incision infection, pain, atelectasis, hemorrhage, etc.),and the incidence of pleural effusion requiring thoracic puncture or drainage within 30 days after surgery.The main content of the analysis includes effectiveness and safety analysis. We will perform subgroup analyses to identify potential influence factors.
Discussion: This first randomized controlled trial is expected to compare the clinical outcomes between different volumes of pleural lavage fluid following VATS and MLND, and provide us evidence to develop a standardized procedure of pleural lavage before closing chest wall in lung cancer operation.
Trial registration number: This study has been registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR1900021950) on 17 March 2019. The URL of the trial registry record is http://www.chictr.org.cn/listbycreater.aspx.
Closing the (incarceration) gap: Assessing the socio-economic and clinical indicators of Indigenous males by lifetime incarceration status
Authors: Shepherd Stephane M , Spivak Benjamin , Ashford Linda , Williams Isabel , Trounson Justin , Paradies Yin
Published: January 2020

Background “Closing the Gap” is an Australian government strategy that was established to address the inequality in health and education outcomes between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians. Although some gains have been realised, progress has been ostensibly slow. One potential obstacle is the large number of Indigenous Australians in prison. 1 in 5 to 1 in 6 Indigenous Australian males are currently imprisoned or have previously been imprisoned. Recent work has also pointed to a widening socio-economic gap within the Indigenous population. Given the myriad social, wellbeing and environmental risk factors associated with justice-involvement, it is conceivable that incarceration may contribute to the increasing disparities found within the Indigenous population. This study aimed to explore the presence and extent of an ‘incarceration gap’ within the Indigenous population and to uncover which social factors characterise the disparity. Methods The study utilised data from the 2014-5 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey (NATSISS). A number of socio-economic, environmental and clinical factors were compared by life-time incarceration status. Chi-square tests were used to examine the association between incarceration status and each of the comparison variables. Results Disparities were observed within the Indigenous Australian population across a number of important health and socio-economic markers by incarceration status - the most pronounced being for educational obtainment, labour force participation and drug/alcohol problems. Never-incarcerated Indigenous males yielded aggregate proportions across numerous variables that approximated or matched general Australian population estimates. Conclusions There appears to be evidence for an ‘incarceration gap’ within the Indigenous Australian population. It is evident that the national ‘closing the gap’ strategy necessitates contending with Indigenous over-incarceration.
Phytoremediation effect of Medicago sativa colonized by Piriformospora indica in the phenanthrene and cadmium co-contaminated soil
Authors: Li Liang , Zhu Pengyue , Wang Xiaoyang , Zhang Zhenhua
Published: January 2020

Background: Coexistence of polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals deleteriously threatens the quality of environmental health . F ew reports uncover the mechanism of inoculation plants with Piriformospora indica for remediating PAH- m etal co-contaminated soil by analyzing the chemical speciations of contaminants . This study investigated the influence of inoculation Medicago sativa with P. indica to remediate phenanthrene (kind of PAHs ) , and cadmium (one of heavy metals ) co-contaminated soil by analyzing the plant growth, physiological parameters and chemical speciation in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere .
Results: T he presence of P. indica significantly increased plants tolerance, Chlorophyll a , Chlorophyll b , maximum quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry and electron transport rate values in phenanthrene an d /or cadmium contaminated soil. P. indica inoculation in M edicago sativa root increased f luorescein diacetate activities in phenanthrene, cadmium and both of that co-contaminated soil, especially in non-rhizosphere . The presence of phenanthrene hindered the inoculated plant from accumulating cadmium to some extent ; Whereas the presence of cadmium did not hinder the degradation of phenanthrene in both rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere after P. indica colonization. Although the poor bioavailability of cadmium in rhizosphere restricted the transportation into stem, P. indica colonization in plant efficiently increased cadmium accumulation in root in cadmium and phenanthrene co-contaminated soil.
Conclusions: In conclusion, t he work provides the theoretical basis that Piriformospora indica combined with Medicago sativa contributed to the remediation of PAH-Metal co-contaminated soil.
Acute Pesticide Poisoning amongst adolescent girls and women in Northern Tanzania
Authors: Lekei Elikana Eliona , Ngowi Aiwerasia V , Kapeleka Jones , London Leslie
Published: January 2020

Background:
Acute pesticide poisoning (APP) is reported to affect community health worldwide but its burden in Tanzania is unknown particularly in women. This study examines APP involving adult females and adolescent girls 10 to 19 years in 3 regions of Tanzania which are famous for coffee and vegetable production
Methods. A one year hospital based surveillance study in 10 Tanzanian healthcare facilities was conducted using methods previous published by the same authors in 2014
Results. The study identified 108 APP cases of whom 31 (28.7%) occurred amongst adolescent girls. Suicide was the leading poisoning circumstances (60.2%) and the most vulnerable women were 20-29 years old who comprised 38.4% of all cases with suicide as circumstance.
Organophosphates (OPs), zinc phosphide, paraquat and endosulfan were common amongst known reported poisoning agents. The annual APP incidence, mortality and Case Fatality Rate for women were 5.1/100,000, 0.2/100,000 and 3.7/100, respectively
Conclusion. APP amongst women in Tanzania is common and this call for diverse preventive interventions to reduce poisoning incidents.
Key Words: Acute Pesticide Poisoning, adolescent girls & women, Northern Tanzania
Towards Developing a Model for the Evaluation of Hospital Disaster Resilience: A Systematic Review
Authors: Aliabadi Saeed Fallah , Ostadtaghizadeh Abbas , Ardalan Ali , Fatemi Farin , Khazaei Bijan , Mirjalili Mohammad Reza
Published: January 2020

Background: Hospitals play a vital role in disaster stricken regions. The resilient hospitals will be able to provide essential services to affected people and it can mitigate the risk of injuries during and after disasters. This study aimed to obtain the indicators required for the evaluation of hospital resilience. Methods: This systematic review was conducted in 2018. Through this systematic review, international electronic databases were investigated for the research studies published in English. The exclusion and inclusion criteria were determined to extract the hospital resilience indicators. These indicators will be used in order to develop a model to keep the system performance at an acceptable level during disasters. Results: Out of 1794 research studies published until September 2018, 89 articles and guidelines with full text were surveyed. Thirty-two articles and guidelines were then selected and analyzed to collect the indicators related to hospital disaster resilience (HDR). The domains and the indicators were extracted from these selected research studies. The authors collected and categorized them into three domains and twenty seven subdomains. The three domains included constructive, infrastructural, and administrative resilience. The relevant indicators were designed for each subdomain to assess HDR. Conclusion : Since diverse indicators affect hospital resilience, other studies should be conducted to propose some models or tools to quantify the hospital resilience in different countries and scopes with an all hazards approach.
Transcriptome Profiling Provides Insights into Molecular Mechanism in Peanut Semi-dwarf Mutant
Authors: Guo Fengdan , Ma Junjie , Hou Lei , Shi Suhua , Sun Jinbo , Li Guanghui , Zhao Chuanzhi , Xia Han , Zhao Shuzhen , Wang Xingjun , Zhao Yanxiu
Published: January 2020

Background: Plant height, mainly decided by main stem height, is the major agronomic trait and closely correlated to crop yield. A number of studies had been conducted on model plants and crops to understand the molecular and genetic basis of plant height. However, little is known on the molecular mechanisms of peanut main stem height. Results: In this study, a semi-dwarf peanut mutant was identified from 60 Co γ-ray induced mutant population and designated as semi-dwarf mutant 2 ( sdm2 ). The height of sdm2 was only 59.3% of its wild line Fenghua 1 (FH1) at the mature stage. The sdm2 has less internode number and short internode length to compare with FH1. Gene expression profiles of stem and leaf from both sdm2 and FH1 were analyzed using high throughput RNA sequencing. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were involved in hormone biosynthesis and signaling pathways, cell wall synthetic and metabolic pathways. BR, GA and IAA biosynthesis and signal transduction pathways were significantly enriched. The expression of several genes in BR biosynthesis and signaling were found to be significantly down-regulated in sdm2 as compared to FH1. Many transcription factors encoding genes were identified as DEGs. Conclusions: A large number of genes were found differentially expressed between sdm2 and FH1. These results provide useful information for uncovering the molecular mechanism regulating peanut stem height. It could facilitate identification of causal genes for breeding peanut varieties with semi-dwarf phenotype.
Impact of NPS MedicineWise general practitioner education programs and Choosing Wisely Australia recommendations on prescribing of proton pump inhibitors in Australia
Authors: Wu Jianyun , Dickinson Scott , Elgebaly Zain , Blogg Suzanne Gaye , Heaney Aine , Soo Yien , Daniels Benjamin , Weekes Lynn
Published: January 2020

Background: This study evaluated the impact of multifaceted NPS MedicineWise programs conducted in 2009 and 2015 that targeted general practitioners (GPs) to reduce unnecessary prescribing of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).

Methods: Time series analyses was conducted of the dispensing rates of concessional PPI scripts between January 2006 and June 2016 using the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) and Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) databases in Australia. Participants were GPs with dispensed PPI prescriptions to concessional patients between January 2006 and June 2016. The interventions were national NPS MedicineWise PPI educational programs in 2009 and 2015 delivered to all practising GPs in Australia. The 2015 intervention coincided with the release of Choosing Wisely Australia recommendations from the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (RACGP). Outcome measures included monthly dispensing rates of standard and low strength PPIs prescribed by GPs among concessional patients in Australia.

Results : Following the 2009 NPS MedicineWise program we observed a 6.7% reduction in the expected dispensing rate of standard strength PPIs among concessional patients between January 2006 and March 2015, and a total 8.6% reduction by June 2016 following the launch of the 2015 program. We observed a significant increase of 5.6% in the dispensing rate of low strength PPIs among concessional patients between April 2009 and March 2015, and no significant change in trend following the 2015 program.

Conclusions: The NPS MedicineWise programs were associated with reductions in the dispensing rate of standard strength PPIs and with an increase in the dispensing rate of low-strength PPIs by June 2016 although a causal relation was not confirmed. Although the rate of standard strength PPI prescribing is declining, these formulations still constitute the majority of PPIs used in Australia. Regular interventions to sustain and improve PPI management by GPs may be warranted.
A Retrospective Analysis on Metastatic Rate of the Internal Mammary Lymph Node and Its Clinical Significance in Adjuvant Radiotherapy of Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Li Li , Zhang Hongyan , Wang Linwei , xie Conghua , Zhou Yunfeng , Zhong Yahua
Published: January 2020

Background : There is a discrepancy about the metastatic rate of internal mammary lymph nodes (IMNs) between clinical and pathologic findings. We aimed to investigate the metastatic rate of IMNs and to provide recommendations on target volume delineation of IMNs for adjuvant radiotherapy in breast cancer patients. Methods : We retrospectively analyzed data from 114 breast cancer patients treated with surgery without adjuvant radiotherapy who developed local and/or regional lymph node recurrence/metastasis at our institute from January 2015 to January 2019. Patients with widely lung or pleural metastases were excluded. We first analyzed the recurrence rate with the chest wall, the metastatic rate of internal mammary/anterior mediastinal, ipsilateral axillary and supraclavicular lymph nodes, and then investigated the distribution of the IMNs. Results : Among the 114 included patients, the recurrence rate with the chest wall, metastatic rate of IMNs, IMNs/anterior mediastinal lymph nodes, ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes, and the ipsilateral supraclavicular lymph nodes was 43%, 37.7%, 59.6%, 12.3%, and 22.8%, respectively. The metastatic IMNs were mainly located from the first to the second intercostal space. However, metastatic lymph nodes could also be observed above the upper edge of the first rib. Conclusions : The metastatic rate is high in the IMNs and irradiation of the internal mammary lymphatic chain is required. It is suggested that the upper bound of the internal mammary lymphatic chain should be up to the subclavian vein with a 5-mm margin, thus connecting to the caudal border of supraclavicular clinical target volume in breast cancer patients at high risk of recurrence.
Monitoring intrapartum fetal heart rates by mothers in labour in two public hospitals: an initiative to improve maternal and neonatal healthcare in Liberia
Authors: Borzie Korpo , Jasper Noah , Southall David , MacDonald Rhona , Kola Adeyemo Abass , Dolo Obed , Magnus Asinya , Watson Diane , Casement Maire , Dahn Bernice , Jallah Wilhelmina
Published: January 2020

Background: In low-resource settings with few health workers, Fetal Heart Rate (FHR) monitoring in labour can be inconsistent and unreliable. An initiative to improve fetal monitoring was implemented in two public hospitals in rural Liberia; the country with the second lowest number of midwives and nurses in the world (1.007 per 10,000 of the population). The initiative assessed the feasibility of educating women in labour to monitor their FHR and alert a midwife of changes detected.Methods and Interventions: 474 womenadmitted in labour without obstetric complications were approached. 461 consented to participate (97%) and 13 declined. Those consenting were trained to monitor their FHR using a sonicaid for approximately one minute immediately following the end of every uterine contraction and to inform a midwife of changes. If changes were confirmed, standard clinical interventions for fetal distress (lateral tilt, intravenous fluids and oxygen) were undertaken and, when appropriate, accelerated delivery by vacuum or Caesarean section. Participants provided views on their experiences; subsequently categorized into themes. Neonatal outcomes regarding survival, need for resuscitation, presence of birth asphyxia, and treatment were recorded.Results: 461 out of 474 women gave consent, of whom 425 (92%) completed the monitoring themselves. 387 of 400 women who gave comments, reported positive and 13 negative experiences.28 participants reported FHR changes, confirmed in 26 cases with meconium stained liquor in 17. Fetal death was identified on admission during training in one mother. 13 neonates required resuscitation, with 10 admitted to the neonatal unit. One developed temporary seizures suggesting birth asphyxia. All 26 neonates were discharged home apparently well. In 2 mothers, previously unrecognized obstetric complications (cord prolapse and Bandl’s ring with obstructed labour) accompanied FHR changes. Resuscitation was needed in 8 neonates without identified FHR changes including one of birth weight 1.3 Kg who could not be resuscitated. There were no intrapartum stillbirths in participants. Conclusions: Women in labour were able to monitor and detect changes in their FHR. Most found the experience beneficial. The absence of intrapartum stillbirths after admission and the low rate of poor neonatal outcomes are promising and warrant further investigation.
Functional and population genetic features of copy number variations in two dairy cattle populations
Authors: Lee Young-Lim , Bosse Mirte , Mullaart Erik , Groenen Martien A. M. , Veerkamp Roel F. , Bouwman Aniek C.
Published: January 2020

Background Copy Number Variations (CNVs) are gain or loss of DNA segments that are known to play a role in shaping a wide range of phenotypes. In this study, we used two dairy cattle populations, Holstein Friesian and Jersey, to discover CNVs using the Illumina BovineHD Genotyping BeadChip aligned to the ARS-UCD1.2 assembly. The discovered CNVs were investigated for their functional impact and their population genetics features.
Results We discovered 14,272 autosomal CNVs, which were aggregated into 1,755 CNV regions (CNVR) from 451 animals. These CNVRs together cover 2.8% of the bovine autosomes. The assessment of the functional impact of CNVRs showed that rare CNVRs (MAF < 0.01) are more likely to overlap with genes, than common CNVRs (MAF ≥ 0.05). The Population differentiation index (Fst) based on CNVRs revealed multiple highly diverged CNVRs between the two breeds. Some of these CNVRs overlapped with candidate genes such as MGAM and ADAMTS17 genes , which are related to starch digestion and body size, respectively. Lastly, linkage disequilibrium (LD) between CNVRs and BovineHD BeadChip SNPs was generally low, close to 0, although common deletions (MAF ≥ 0.05) showed slightly higher LD ( r 2 =~0.1 at 10kb distance) than the rest. Nevertheless, this LD is still lower than SNP-SNP LD ( r 2 =~0.5 at 10kb distance).
Conclusions Our analyses showed that CNVRs detected using BovineHD BeadChip arrays are likely to be functional. This finding indicates that CNVs can potentially disrupt the function of genes and thus might alter phenotypes. Also, the population differentiation index revealed two candidate genes, MGAM and ADAMTS17 , which hint at adaptive evolution between the two populations. Lastly, low CNVR-SNP LD implies that genetic variation from CNVs might not be fully captured in routine animal genetic evaluation, which relies solely on SNP markers.
Keywords : Copy number variations, Bos taurus , Linkage disequilibrium, population genetics