bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relaciones humano-lagartijas mexicanas
Authors: Rosales-de los Santos Juan Carlos , Domínguez-Vega Hublester
Published: July 2024

Lizards, like the rest of the reptiles, represent a significant part of mexican biodiversity. The increase in the human population has caused the habitats of these animals to be invaded by anthropogenic activities. Although habitat disturbance is a threat, species often adapt to these environments. On the other hand, the permanence of species in coexistence with humans depends on people's perception and assessment. Unfortunately, these species tend to have a negative evaluation that has led people to kill them, in part, due to false beliefs about these organisms, so it is vitally important that experts bring the correct information to the communities. Lizards offer various services that benefit the ecosystem and therefore humans. Of these benefits, they stand out as controlling populations or pests of other animals that affect crops and people's health, so making known how important lizards are to society is very important for their conservation.
El ciclo vital de ¿ranas y sapos?
Authors: Alvarado-Zink Alejandra
Published: July 2024

In popular language, an infinite number of similar amphibiasns  are often called frogs and toads without there actually being any real differences between them. For science, only the family Bufonidae are “true toads.” The life cycle of frogs and toads goes beyond just eggs, aquatic tadpoles and adults that repeat this cycle again.
Amenaza de los humedales en Xochimilco y el impacto en los servicios ecosistémicos que nos brindan los anfibios
Authors: Ramírez-Muñoz Iris Jazmín , Schulz-Kumar Olivia
Published: July 2024

Mexico City, one of the largest cities in the country, still reveals an important variety of ecosystems despite being an urban settlement. The wetlands are one of the most historically representative, today mostly relicts concentrated in the municipality of Xochimilco. These habitats provide ecosystem services that offer benefits to the inhabitants and, in addition, are the habitat of emblematic and threatened species, such as the axolotl Ambystoma mexicanum and the aquatic frog Lithobates tlaloci, species related to the regulation of insect populations, pest control and nutrient transfer. These species and their habitats have suffered serious pressure from anthropogenic actions such as water extraction, pollution, land use change and species trafficking despite their great environmental and cultural value.
La herpetofauna: su valor
Authors: Balderas-Valdivia Carlos Jesús
Published: July 2024

The natural richness of Mexico is one of the most peculiar on the planet, highlighting two groups of extraordinary and enigmatic living beings that make up the country's herpetofauna, amphibians and reptiles, both with unmatched ecosystem services of great value to us.
Herpetofauna del Parque Ecoturístico Didáctico San Lorenzo Chiamilpan
Authors: González-Contreras Gustavo Balarama , Balderas-Valdivia Carlos Jesús
Published: July 2024

A preliminary herpetofauna work carried out within the Parque Ecoturístico Didáctico San Lorenzo Chiamilpan, Cuernavaca, Morelos and its surroundings is reported, recording so far 17 herpetoforms (16 native and one introduced), of which 3 species are amphibians that include 2 frogs and 1 salamander, and 14 reptiles made up of 6 lizards (one of them introduced) and 8 snakes, which are the most diverse. Factors that can increase damage to the amphibian and reptile ecosystem, as well as to human well-being, are discussed, including: invasive exotic species introduced or that have spread from other areas, as well as cases of direct impact on snake species. Knowledge about the threats to the environment in the region and the actions of citizens, administrators, forest land holders and the government is still the best way to conserve the nature on which we depend. A leaflet on the herpetofauna of the park is prepared as supplementary outreach material, and as a first action for the conservation of this valuable wild fauna.
Al mejor cazador se le va la presa: intentos fallidos de depredación del cocodrilo americano sobre la tortuga mesoamericana
Authors: Mc Cann Frank , Escobedo-Galván Armando H. , Cupul-Magaña Fabio G.
Published: July 2024

The predation attempts of the american crocodile Crocodylus acutus on the mesoamerican turtle Trachemys ornata allow us to assume that the turtle could be part of its diet, however, there may also be a benefit in the protection of its clutch by the crocodile.
Lucha contra el miedo
Authors: Ramírez-Cuéllar Camila
Published: July 2024

A story about the lack of knowledge as the driver of fear of snakes, and how this conflict affects the health of the environment, which should redefine our relationship with the environment and local culture.
Herpetofauna y plantas del Pedregal de San Ángel: pequeñas fundadoras, grandes beneficios
Authors: Flores-Solis Paola , Arias-Basilio Ana Karen , Zaldivar-Ávila Andrea Vianey , Castillo-Ruíz Edgar Ulises , Sánchez-Reyes Mariza Belén , Cabrera-Gutiérrez Valentina Itzamma
Published: July 2024

It tells about the importance of founding plants for the survival of species such as amphibians and their ecosystem benefits for humans in a peculiar rocky ecosystem.
Importancia cultural de las serpientes: más allá de la visión ecológica
Authors: Valdez-Rentería Sharon Yedid , Domínguez-Vega Hublester , Trujillo-Mendoza Verónica , Morón-García Carlos Edwin , Gómez-Ortiz Yuriana , Fernández-Badillo Leonardo , Gómez-Sánchez David
Published: July 2024

Mexico ranks first in the world in snake diversity. Their great diversity, morphology and natural history have positioned them among the most important vertebrates within the mesoamerican worldview; however, they currently constitute one of the most vulnerable groups due to the negative perception that has been generated around them, as well as other anthropogenic factors. Part of our work as specialists is to encourage the recovery of the cultural value that these organizations represented and continue to represent. This can be achieved using cultural arguments within the ecological discourse that we offer to society. The use of these elements could improve the connection with local and indigenous communities, promote a positive change in the perception of snakes and encourage participation in environmental projects for their conservation.
La tortuga de orejas rojas Trachemys scripta: especie invasora y su impacto en los ecosistemas
Authors: Hickman-Carranza Eduardo Alfredo
Published: July 2024

Negative effect of exotic species: one more case with the common slider turtle Trachemys scripta.
Pengaruh Lama Pemakaian Lensa Kontak Lunak Dengan Kejadian Dry Eyes Syndrome Pada Mata Pelanggan Optik Dipovision
Authors: Febry Corina, Alvia Wesnita, Mega Elfia
Published: July 2024

Entrepreneurship is a universal thing that can be done, including MSMEs, MSMEs should receive tips for good entrepreneurship from an early age. Entrepreneurship certainly does not only talk about theoretical matters but also the application of the knowledge of entrepreneurship that has been studied. Some MSMEs currently have entrepreneurial knowledge in their business processes, but this process has not been able to optimally encourage MSMEs to create a business idea that is poured into a business proposal. The purpose of this activity is to equip MSMEs in Nagari Gasan, Padang Pariaman Regency, who have an entrepreneurial spirit so they can understand and apply their business ideas using the right methods. The debriefing is carried out by introducing a business planning method, namely the Business Model Canvas (BMC). The Business Model Canvas as a strategy in management in the form of a visual chart consisting of 9 elements can provide a more comprehensive picture of business planning but is relatively easier to understand and apply. Through the introduction of the Business Model Canvas, it is hoped that MSMEs can translate and apply their business ideas into these 9 elements in a more structured and detailed manner, thus facilitating the process of preparing the right business proposals for MSMEs.
Pengaruh Citra Merek Dan Kualitas PelayananTerhadap Keputusan Pembelian Produk Di Optik Zal Soetomo Padang
Authors: Alvia Wesnita, Febry Corina,  Alwa Pascaselnofra Amril
Published: July 2024

Hypercholesterolemia is one of the risk factor for cardiovascular disease such as stroke, atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ethanol extract of dragon scales leaves (Pyrrosia piloselloides L.) on reducing total cholesterol (TC) of test animals. The instrument to test was 25 male white mice were induced hypercholesterolemia by eating a high fat diet (MDLT) in around 14 days. The animals were declared as hypercholesterolemia if the total of cholesterol level (TC) more than 230 mg/dl. Then the Animals divided into five groups namely positive control, comparison (simvastatin), and the group given the test extract doses of 25, 50, 100 mg/kgBB. The treatment was given for 15 days, and TC level were checked on days 0, 5, 10 and 15. The data were analyzed by Two Way of ANOVA and continued with Duncan's test. The results showed that the dose of the tested extract and the duration of administration had a significant effect (p<0.05) on reduce in TC levels of the test animals. All variations in the doses of ethanol extract from dragon scale leaves had the effect to reduce TC in the animals and the percentage reduction value was equal to the group given simvastatin. These results indicate that the ethanol extract of dragon scales leaves has the potential to reduce total cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic mice.
Profile of Anti-Diphtheria Toxoid Immunoglobulin G among Pre-School Children in the Senen District, Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Santi Theresia , Jo Juandy , Prayitno Ari , Munasir Zakiudin , Hegar Badriul
Published: July 2024

Background: Diphtheria is a re-emerging disease in Indonesia that can be prevented by vaccination. This study evaluates the anti-diphtheria toxoid immunoglobulin G levels among healthy children aged 6 – 7 years old who had not received the second booster immunization for Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis (DTP) commonly administered at 5 – 7 years old. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Senen district of Jakarta, Indonesia. All subjects had been vaccinated with three doses of immunization for DTP during the first year of life, and subsequently classified into a group of children who received the first booster immunization of DTP at 18 – 24 months old and who had not received it yet. Antibody against Diphtheria toxoids within the sera samples was assessed by commercial Anti-Diphtheria toxoid IgG Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and classified in four groups: no protection (< 0.01 IU/ml), uncertain (0.01 – 0.09 IU/ml), full protection (0.10 – 1 IU/ml) and long-term protection (>1 IU/ml). Results: Eighty-nine children were included in this study; only 71 subjects (79.7%) had received the first DTP booster at 18–24 months old. The specific humoral immunity against diphtheria was observed among 57 children (64%). Notably, among the 89 subjects, only two subjects not receiving the first DTP booster still had antibody protection for diphtheria (p=0.001, OR 27.5, 95% CI: 5.71 – 132.42). Conclusion: The first diphtheria booster vaccination at 18 – 24 months old is crucial to protect pre-school children against diphtheria.
Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Fasting Blood Glucose Control in Burn Injury Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a Case Report
Authors: Tedjaatmadja Chintya , Rasyid Nurhayati M , Wulandari Yohannessa , Octovia Lily Indriani , Sinaga Wina , Wardhana Aditya
Published: July 2024

Burn injury is the second leading cause of injury in Indonesia. Patients with burn injury may develop zinc deficiency due to loss of exudate and decreased carrier proteins, leading to impaired glucose regulation and inadequate wound healing. Jayawardena et al. showed that zinc supplementation can help regulate blood glucose in patients with diabetes mellitus. This case aims to see the effect of zinc supplementation on fasting blood glucose control in burn injury patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A 47-year-old Male with diabetes mellitus and a history of COVID-19 presented with 34% second to third-degree burn injury. The patient was given short-acting insulin 6 IU thrice a day and long-acting insulin 10 IU once a day. Nutrition was increased gradually until it reached 30 kcal/kgBW with protein 1,2 g/kgBW on the 28th day of hospitalization, referring to a diabetes-specific formula, 6x300 kcal. The patient also received zinc sulfate supplementation, 40 mg per day. The patient’s daily zinc intake was 47 mg/dL, and it was analyzed using Nutrisurvey. Fasting blood glucose in the first 28 days was not well-regulated (92-348 mg/dL). After 28 days of zinc supplementation, the patient's fasting blood glucose was stable. (140-180 mg/dL). Uncontrolled blood glucose leads to bacteremia, decreased skin graft takes, and increased mortality. Zinc deficiency can cause greater insulin resistance that can lead to hyperglycemia. Fasting blood glucose was stable after 28 days of zinc supplementation, similar to the previous study. Supplementation can help to regulate fasting blood glucose in burn patients with diabetes mellitus.
Cone Procedure, A New Approach, A New Hope for Ebstein Anomaly Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Hidayat Jefferson , Kurnia Andri
Published: July 2024

Ebstein anomaly is a rare congenital disease affecting the cardiac structure involving the tricuspid valve, leading to right ventricular dysfunction. Patients with Ebstein’s anomaly may have other structural abnormalities. Asymptomatic patients can be treated with conservative management, while symptomatic patients presenting with severe tricuspid regurgitation, NYHA class III-IV symptoms, and overwhelming tachyarrhythmias should undergo surgery. A 13-year-old girl presented with EA and ASD underwent a cone procedure with direct ASD closure and PFO creation. Cone procedure is a relatively new surgical approach in EA management and is preferred because it can be applied to various anatomical differences in EA. Managing the hemodynamic effects and anesthetic consideration during EA repair can be complex due to right ventricular dysfunction secondary to tricuspid regurgitation (TR). While opening the pericardium, the monitor showed VT, and the patient was given an internal defibrillation. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was done intraoperatively to help evaluate ventricular function. The sternal closure was delayed due to cardiac edema. The procedure was done, but the patient’s hemodynamic was unstable, so it was decided to delay the sternal closure. Many studies showed that the Cone procedure is a long-lasting repair of TR and creates significant functional improvement, resulting in low in-hospital mortality. TEE during the cone procedure has a vital role in evaluating the tricuspid valve’s function after repair. Our patient's cone procedure was successfully done with reduced TR and good biventricular function, as shown in previous studies.
Identifying metadata commonalities across restricted health data sources: A mixed methods study exploring how to improve the discovery of and access to restricted datasets
Authors: Read Kevin B. , Gibson Grant , Leahey Ambery , Peterson Lynn , Rutley Sarah , Shi Julie , Smith Victoria , Stathis Kelly
Published: July 2024

Background: While open datasets are adopting FAIR principles to improve their discovery and use, restricted data—those only accessible via request or application—have fallen behind. Metadata is not an inherent characteristic of restricted data, which limits its ability to be found and used. To better understand discoverability and accessibility of restricted data, this study reviewed restricted health data sources to determine how they describe their datasets and access procedures, what descriptive commonalities exist across data sources, and to what extent the commonalities we found can be accommodated within existing metadata schemas.
Methods: This study extracted dataset and access information provided by a sample of 48 restricted data sources, identified commonalities across these data sources to develop possible metadata elements for restricted data, and mapped these metadata elements to existing metadata schemas (e.g., DataCite) to evaluate how well they accommodate information supplied by restricted data sources.
Results: Restricted data sources describe their datasets (35 commonalities) and access procedures (27 commonalities) in similar ways. Dataset descriptions aligned with existing metadata schemas, with the DDI-Lifecycle and -Codebook schemas receiving 91.4% and 85.7% exact matches respectively with the dataset elements we identified. Access procedures did not align with metadata available in existing schemas.
Discussion: While descriptive dataset metadata for restricted data sources will make their data more findable, the accessibility of these datasets could be significantly improved by structured metadata capturing data access information. Presently, metadata schemas do not accommodate the level of detail restricted data sources provide about access procedures and requirements.
Navigating the Currents: Reflections from the Community Data Toolkits Workshop
Authors: Narlock Mikala
Published: July 2024

The Community Data Toolkits Workshop (CDTW) was held March 21-22, 2024, in Hamilton, Ontario. The CDTW sought to cross boundaries, and to forge relationships and connections between data professionals and community-oriented organizations. Drawing participants from across Canada and the local Hamilton community, the CDTW provided a distinct opportunity to reflect on the role of community, data, and community data, especially in an era of seemingly-never-ending change.
Below, I share a summary of the workshop, intertwined with meditations from Undrowned: Black Feminist Lessons from Marine Mammals. I reflect on the key themes that emerged, and end with a gratitude to all of the workshop organizers and participants.
Comparison of LDH-Organic/Inorganic Compound Modified Materials as Adsorbents for Heavy Metal Adsorption: Characteristic Structure and Adsorption Mechanism
Authors: Normah Normah , Lesbani Aldes
Published: July 2024

This study modified layered double hydroxide (LDH) with organic compounds in hydrochar made from rambutan peels (prepared by hydrothermal method) and polyoxometalate compounds (tipe Keggin K4[ -SiW12O40].nH2O compound and prepared by sol-gel method). The synthesis of modified material was conducted through the coprecipitation method. The material was then applied as an adsorbent for Fe²⁺ ions. The material's properties were analyzed using XRD (X-ray diffraction), FT-IR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy), and BET surface area analysis. The physicochemical characteristics of the modified material, a combination of the pure LDH and hydrochar/polyoxometalate compounds, will influence the adsorption results of Fe²⁺ metal ions. Furthermore, its application as an adsorbent was analyzed through kinetic and isotherm parameters, which were found to follow the pseudo-first-order (PFO) and Freundlich models. The adsorption capacities for NiAl-LDH, NiAl-LDH/Hc (modified with Hc), and NiAl-LDH/POM (modified with POM) materials were 32.789 mg/g, 47.393 mg/g, and 90.091 mg/g, respectively. It can be concluded that the adsorption process occurs via physisorption, forming multilayer adsorbates at the adsorbents active sites. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
Analysis of Epigenetic Modifications of DNA in Human Cells
Authors: Kristensen Lasse Sommer , Treppendahl Marianne Bach , Grønbæk Kirsten
Published: April 2013

Epigenetics, the study of somatically heritable changes in gene expression not related to changes in the DNA sequence, is a rapidly expanding research field that plays important roles in healthy as well as in diseased cells. DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation are epigenetic modifications found in human cells, which are deeply implicated in normal cellular processes as well as in several major human diseases. Here, a range of different methods for the analyses of DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation at locus‐specific and genome‐wide scales is described. Curr. Protoc. Hum. Genet. 77:20.2.1‐20.2.22. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Low‐cost upscaling compatibility of five different ITO‐free architectures for polymer solar cells
Authors: Angmo Dechan , Gonzalez‐Valls Irene , Veenstra Sjoerd , Verhees Wiljan , Sapkota Subarna , Schiefer Sebastian , Zimmermann Birger , Galagan Yulia , Sweelssen Jorgen , Lira‐Cantu Monica , Andriessen Ronn , Kroon Jan M. , Krebs Frederik C.
Published: April 2013

Five different indium‐tin‐oxide free (ITO‐free) polymer solar cell architectures provided by four participating research institutions that all presented a laboratory cell performance sufficient for use in mobile and information and communication technology (ICT) were evaluated based on photovoltaic performance and lifetime tests according to the ISOS protocols. The comparison of the different device architectures was performed using the same active material (P3HT: PCBM) and tested against an ITO‐based reference device. The active area was 1 cm2 and rigid glass or flexible polyester substrates were employed. The performance results were corroborated by use of a round robin methodology between the four participating laboratories (DTU/DK, ECN/NL, Frauenhofer ISE/DE, and the Holst Centre/NL), while the lifetime testing experiments were carried out in only one location (DTU). Five different lifetime testing experiments were carried out for a minimum of 1000 h: (1) shelf life (according to ISOS‐D‐1); (2–3) stability under continuous 1 sun illumination (1000 Wm−2, AM1.5G) at low (37 ± 3°C) and high (80 ± 5°C) temperatures (according to ISOS‐L‐1 and ISOS‐L‐2); (4) stability under continuous low‐light conditions at 0.1 sun (100 Wm−2, AM1.5G, 32°C) (according to ISOS‐LL); (5) continuous illumination (670 Wm−2, AM1.5G) at high temperature (65°C) and high humidity (50% RH) (according to ISOS‐L‐3). Finally, the upscaling compatibility of these device architectures based on the device photovoltaic behavior, stability and scalability were identified and we confirm that an architecture that presents a high score in only one aspect of the solar cell performance is not sufficient to justify an investment in upscaling. Many will require further technical development. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 944‐954, 2013
The electrorheological properties of polyaniline nanofiber/kaolinite hybrid nanocomposite
Authors: Wang Baoxiang , Liu Chenjie , Yin Yichao , Tian Xiaoli , Yu Shoushan , Chen Kezheng , Liu Pengbo , Liang Bing
Published: April 2013

A novel polyaniline nanofiber/kaolinite nanoplatelet hybrid nanocomposite was synthesized by means of rapidly mixed in situ polymerization. The resultant polyaniline/kaolinite hybrid nanocomposite was characterized via different techniques, such as X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that 2D clay nanoplatelets are coated by the 1D polyaniline nanofibers. The nanoclay platelets can improve the thermal stability of polyaniline nanofibers. An electrorheological effect is found with the suspension of polyaniline nanofiber/kaolinite nanoplatelet hybrid nanocomposite dispersed in silicone oil. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 1104‐1113, 2013
Stabilizing Controller Design for Discrete‐Time Networked Control Systems under a Multiple‐Packet Sequential Transmission Policy
Authors: Wu Jenq‐Lang , Yang Sheng‐Hsiung
Published: April 2013

This paper considers both state feedback and output feedback stabilization problems for discrete‐time networked control systems under a multiple‐packet sequential transmission policy. It is shown that the dynamics of the considered multiple‐packet transmission networked control systems can be modeled as switched control systems. In addition, based on the multiple Lyapunov function approach, we show that stabilizing networked feedback laws can be obtained by solving linear matrix inequalities.
Cost‐Effectiveness of Paclitaxel‐Coated Balloon Angioplasty in Patients With Drug‐Eluting Stent Restenosis
Authors: Dorenkamp Marc , Boldt Julia , Leber Alexander W. , Sohns Christian , Roser Mattias , Boldt Leif‐Hendrik , Haverkamp Wilhelm , Bonaventura Klaus
Published: April 2013

Background

The economic impact of drug‐eluting stent (DES) in‐stent restenosis (ISR) is substantial, highlighting the need for cost‐effective treatment strategies.

Hypothesis

Compared to plain old balloon angioplasty (POBA) or repeat DES implantation, drug‐coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty is a cost‐effective therapy for DES‐ISR.

Methods

A Markov state‐transition model was used to compare DCB angioplasty with POBA and repeat DES implantation. Model input parameters were obtained from the literature, and the cost analysis was conducted from a German healthcare payer's perspective. Extensive sensitivity analyses were performed.

Results

Initial procedure costs amounted to €3488 for DCB angioplasty and to €2782 for POBA. Over a 6‐month time horizon, the DCB strategy was less costly (€4028 vs €4169) and more effective in terms of life‐years (LYs) gained (0.497 versus 0.489) than POBA. The DES strategy incurred initial costs of €3167 and resulted in 0.494 LYs gained, at total costs of €4101 after a 6‐month follow‐up. Thus, DCB angioplasty was the least costly and most effective strategy. Base‐case results were influenced mostly by initial procedure costs, target lesion revascularization rates, and the costs of dual antiplatelet therapy.

Conclusions

DCB angioplasty is a cost‐effective treatment option for coronary DES‐ISR. The higher initial costs of the DCB strategy compared to POBA or repeat DES implantation are offset by later cost savings.
Detection and identification of 2‐nitro‐morphine and 2‐nitro‐morphine‐6‐glucuronide in nitrite adulterated urine specimens containing morphine and its glucuronides
Authors: Luong Susan , Fu Shanlin
Published: April 2013

In vitro urine adulteration is a well‐documented practice adopted by individuals aiming to evade detection of drug use, when required to undergo mandatory sports and workplace drug testing. Potassium nitrite is an effective urine adulterant due to its oxidizing potential, and has been shown to mask the presence of many drugs of abuse. However, limited research has been conducted to understand its mechanism of action, and to explore the possibility of the drugs undergoing direct oxidation to form stable reaction products.

In this study, opiates including morphine, codeine, morphine‐3‐glucuronide and morphine‐6‐glucuronide were exposed to potassium nitrite in water and urine to mimic the process of nitrite adulteration. It was found that two stable reaction products were detected by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) when morphine and morphine‐6‐glucuronide were exposed to nitrite. Isolation and elucidation using spectrometric and spectroscopic techniques revealed that they were 2‐nitro‐morphine and 2‐nitro‐morphine‐6‐glucuronide, respectively. These reaction products were also formed when an authentic morphine‐positive urine specimen was fortified with nitrite. 2‐Nitro‐morphine was found to be stable enough to undergo the enzymatic hydrolysis procedure and also detectable by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) after forming a trimethylsilyl derivative. On the contrary, morphine‐3‐glucuronide did not appear to be chemically manipulated when exposed to potassium nitrite in urine.

These reaction products are not endogenously produced, are relatively stable and can be monitored with both LC‐MS and GC‐MS confirmatory techniques. As a result, these findings have revealed the possibility for the use of 2‐nitro‐morphine and 2‐nitro‐morphine‐6‐glucuronide as markers for the indirect monitoring of morphine and morphine‐6‐glucuronide in urine specimens adulterated with nitrite. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A method for compensating customer voltage drops due to nighttime simultaneous charging of evs utilizing reactive power injection from battery chargers
Authors: Noda Taku , Kabasawa Yuichiro , Fukushima Kentaro , Nemoto Koshichi , Uemura Satoshi
Published: April 2013

When we consider global warming, the reduction of CO2 emissions is one of the most important issues which require urgent solutions. One option is to integrate low‐CO2‐emission generators to the grid as much as possible. Another option is to replace ineﬃcient vehicles based on internal‐combustion engines with electric ones (EVs). Due to the latter, we can easily predict that most consumers will charge EVs' batteries during nighttime. Thus, excessive voltage drops due to nighttime simultaneous charging are expected to be a possible future problem. This paper proposes a method for compensating the voltage drops by injecting reactive power from EV battery chargers. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 184(1): 19–29, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22390
Biodiesel from grease interceptor to gas tank
Authors: Ragauskas Alyse Mary E. , Pu Yunqiao , Ragauskas Art J.
Published: April 2013

The need for sustainable biofuels has initiated a global search for innovative technologies that can sustainably convert nonfood bioresources to liquid transportation fuels. While 2nd generation cellulosic ethanol has begun to address this challenge, other resources including yellow and brown grease are rapidly evolving commercial opportunities that are addressing regional biodiesel needs. This review examines the technical and environmental factors driving the collection of trap FOG (Fats, Oils, and Greases), its chemical composition and technologies currently available and future developments that facilitate the conversion of FOG into biodiesel.
Public Company Auditing: What Has Happened?
Authors: Rouse Robert W.
Published: April 2013

Something has changed in public company auditing, and it's not a good trend. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
How Auditors Get Into Trouble—and How to Avoid It
Authors: Nogler George , Armstrong John
Published: April 2013

The authors define some of the ways auditors get into trouble—both ethics violations and peer review issues—and explain how to avoid them. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Distribution of rotavirus G and P genotypes approximately two years following the introduction of rotavirus vaccines in South Korea
Authors: Shim Jung Ok , Thai Than Van , Ryoo Eell , Lim Inseok , Yoon Yoosik , Kim Kijeong , Chung Sang‐In , Kim Wonyong
Published: April 2013

Genotyping of human rotaviruses was performed on 299 (40.1%) rotavirus‐positive samples obtained from 745 children with acute diarrhea in three provinces in South Korea between March 2008 and February 2010, approximately 2 years following the introduction of the RotaTeq (September 2007) and Rotarix (July 2008). The most prevalent G genotypes were G1 (51.5%), followed by G3 (24.0%), G4 (15.4%), G9 (6.4%), and G2 (4.7%). The predominant types of P genotypes were P[8] (72.6%), followed by P[6] (19.1%) and P[4] (6.0%). The phylogenetic analyses of the VP7 genes of G9 strains revealed they were highly identical and belonged in lineage III. This study highlights the consistency of the predominant G1 genotype and slightly higher predominance of the identical G9 strains over the G2 genotype. J. Med. Virol. 85:1307–1312, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intraarticular injection of synovial stem cells promotes meniscal regeneration in a rabbit massive meniscal defect model
Authors: Hatsushika Daisuke , Muneta Takeshi , Horie Masafumi , Koga Hideyuki , Tsuji Kunikazu , Sekiya Ichiro
Published: April 2013

We investigated whether single intraarticular injection of synovial MSCs enhanced meniscal regeneration in a rabbit massive meniscal defect model. Synovium were harvested from the knee joint of rabbits, and the colony‐forming cells were collected. Two weeks after the anterior half of the medial menisci were excised in both knees, 1 × 107 MSCs in 100 μl PBS were injected into the right knee. The MSC and control groups were compared macroscopically and histologically at 1, 3, 4, and 6 months (n = 4). Articular cartilage of the medial femoral condyle was also evaluated histologically at 6 months. Multipotentiality of the colony‐forming cells was confirmed. Injected MSCs labeled with DiI were detected and remained in the meniscal defect at 14 days. The size of meniscus in the MSC group was larger than that in the control group at 1 and 3 months. The difference of the size between the two groups was indistinct at 4 and 6 months. However, histological score was better in the MSC group than in the control group at 1, 3, 4, and 6 months. Macroscopically, the surface of the medial femoral condyle in the control group was fibrillated at 6 months, while looked close to intact in the MSC group. Histologically, defect or thinning of the articular cartilage with sclerosis of the subchondral bone was observed in the control group, contrarily articular cartilage and subchondral bone were better preserved in the MSC group. Synovial MSCs injected into the knee adhered around the meniscal defect, and promoted meniscal regeneration in rabbits. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1354–1359, 2013
Determination of neotame in non‐alcoholic beverage by capillary zone electrophoresis
Authors: Hu Falian , Xu Lina , Luan Feng , Liu Huitao , Gao Yuan
Published: April 2013

BACKGROUND

Neotame (NEO) is a new artificial sweetener approved as a food additive in many countries. The present method for the determination of NEO in various foodstuffs is high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). There are no reports on the determination of NEO in foods by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). Therefore a simple and rapid method to determine NEO is desired for quality control.

RESULTS

A CZE method combined with solid phase extraction was developed for the determination of NEO in non‐alcoholic beverage. The optimum separation conditions obtained were 20 mmol L−1 sodium borate buffer, pH 8, 25 kV applied voltage, 5 s hydrodynamic injection at 30 mbar and ultraviolet detection at 191 nm. The calibration curve showed good linearity (R2= 1.000) in the range 0.5–100 µg mL−1, and the limit of detection was 0.118 µg mL−1. The method was successfully applied to the determination of NEO in two kinds of beverage with migration time less than 5 min, relative standard deviation (n = 3) less than 2% and recoveries ranging from 90 to 95%.

CONCLUSION

The proposed CZE method has the advantages of shorter analysis time and lower cost compared with HPLC, indicating that it may be a good alternative to the HPLC method. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Surface electrical stimulation in dysphagic parkinson patients: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Baijens Laura W. J. , Speyer Renée , Passos Valéria Lima , Pilz Walmari , van der Kruis Jolien , Haarmans Saskia , Desjardins‐Rombouts Christel
Published: April 2013

Objectives/Hypothesis

A new treatment for oropharyngeal dysphagia in Parkinson's disease was evaluated in the present study.

Study Design

Prospective randomized controlled trial.

Methods

The study describes the effects of surface electrical stimulation (SES) of the neck (submental region) in dysphagic Parkinson patients using different intensities of electrical current. Quasi‐random allocation was performed when assigning patients to treatment groups. Three groups consisting of dysphagic patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (N = 90) received daily treatment for 15 days with periods of no treatment during the weekend. All three received traditional logopedic dysphagia treatment. In addition, two groups received SES, either motor‐level or sensory‐level stimulation. A standardized measurement protocol, including fiber optic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) and videofluoroscopy of swallowing (VFS), was performed before and after therapy. A team of experienced raters was blinded to the treatment group and to the moment of measurement. Intrarater and interrater reliability were calculated.

Results

Using proportional odds models (POMs), some of the visuoperceptual ordinal outcome variables showed significant improvement in all groups following treatment. Following 15 days of SES of the submental region, few significant effects were found, suggesting a therapy effect of traditional logopedic dysphagia treatment without any additional influence of SES.

Conclusions

On the grounds of this study, it is concluded that further research is needed on the exact mechanism of SES and its effects on the neural pathways involved in swallowing.

Level of Evidence

1b. Laryngoscope, 123:E38–E44, 2013
Adherence to vitamin supplementation following adolescent bariatric surgery
Authors: Modi Avani C. , Zeller Meg H. , Xanthakos Stavra A. , Jenkins Todd M. , Inge Thomas H.
Published: April 2013

Objective: Adolescents with extreme obesity, who have undergone bariatric surgery, must adhere to many lifestyle and nutritional recommendations, including multivitamin therapy. Little is known about multivitamin adherence following adolescent bariatric surgery.

Design and Methods: The present study aims to document self‐reported and electronically‐monitored adherence to multivitamins, determine convergence between self‐report and electronic monitoring adherence for multivitamins, and identify barriers to multivitamin adherence for adolescents who have undergone bariatric surgery.

Results: The study used a prospective, longitudinal observational design to assess subjective (self‐reported) and objective (electronic monitors) multivitamin adherence in a cohort of 41 adolescents (Mean age = 17.1 ± 1.5; range = 13‐19) who have undergone bariatric surgery at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. Mean adherence as derived from electronic monitoring for the entire 6‐month study period was 29.8% ± 23.9. Self‐reported adherence was significantly higher than electronically monitored adherence across both the 1 and 6‐month assessment points (z = 4.5, P < 0.000 and z = 4.0, P < 0.0001, respectively). Forgetting and difficulty swallowing multivitamins were the two primary barriers identified. While there are no established data regarding best practice for multivitamins following bariatric surgery, high rates of nonadherence to multivitamin therapy were observed in adolescents who had undergone bariatric surgery with forgetting and difficulty swallowing pills as reported barriers to adherence.

Conclusion: These high rates of nonadherence to multivitamin therapy should be considered when devising treatment and family education pathways for adolescents considering weight loss surgery.
The effects of weight loss on relative bone mineral density in premenopausal women
Authors: Hamilton Kara C. , Fisher Gordon , Roy Jane L. , Gower Barbara A. , Hunter Gary R.
Published: April 2013

Objective:

This study compared BMD relative to body weight following a ∼6‐month weight loss program and a 1‐year weight maintenance phase in premenopausal women and determined whether African American (AA) and European‐American (EA) women's BMD respond similarly during weight loss.

Design and Methods:

Premenopausal women (n = 115, 34 ± 5 years) were evaluated in an overweight state (BMI between 27 and 30 kg/m2), following an 800 kcal/day diet/exercise program designed to reduce BMI<25 kg/m2, and 1‐year following weight loss.

Results:

BMD relative to body weight (Z‐scores) increased after weight loss, but decreased during the 1‐year weight maintenance phase. All 1‐year follow‐up BMD Z‐scores were increased (except L1) compared to baseline measurements (P < 0.05). These sites included the hip neck (+0.088, P = 0.014), total hip (+0.099, P = 0.001), L2 (+0.127, P = 0.013), L3 (+0.135, P = 0.014), and L4 (+0.199, P = 0.002). AAs had significantly higher absolute BMD at all sites (P < 0.05) compared to EAs, but no time by race interactions were evident during weight loss (except in L3).

Conclusion:

These results may indicate that weight loss is safe with regard to bone health for overweight premenopausal women.
Influence of acute sleep deprivation on cardiovascular parameters in female zucker obese and lean rats
Authors: Tenório Neuli M. , Tufik Sergio , Bergamaschi Cássia T. , Campos Ruy R. , Cintra Fátima , Alvarenga Tathiana A. , Andersen Monica L.
Published: April 2013

Objective:

There is a reciprocal relationship between sleep duration and weight gain. However, the consequences of this relationship on the cardiovascular system over an entire life span are still not fully elucidated. We examined the effect of acute sleep deprivation (SD) on baroreflex sensitivity and blood pressure in Zucker rats of different ages.

Design and Methods:

Female lean and obese Zucker rats at 3, 6 and 15 months of age were assigned to SD or control (CTRL) groups. After a 6 h period of the SD procedure (6 h of gentle handling) or CTRL procedure (an equivalent period without handling), the animals were anesthetized for surgical catheterization of the femoral artery and vein. To evaluate the baroreflex sensitivity index, bolus infusions of phenylephrine (bradycardia response) and sodium nitroprusside (tachycardia response) were administered.

Results:

Obesity resulted in dysfunctional tachycardia responses at 3 months of age. At 6 and 15 months of age, both bradycardia and tachycardia responses were significantly lower in obese animals than those in lean animals. At 15 months of age, interactions among obesity, SD and aging produced the most marked effects on the cardiovascular system (increased mean arterial pressure and heart rate and decreased baroreflex sensitivity).

Conclusions:

Therefore, these results suggest that there is no direct relationship between baroreflex imbalance and an increase in arterial pressure.
Independent and combined effects of eating rate and energy density on energy intake, appetite, and gut hormones
Authors: Karl J. Philip , Young Andrew J. , Rood Jennifer C. , Montain Scott J.
Published: April 2013

Objective:

Energy density (ED) and eating rate (ER) influence energy intake; their combined effects on intake and on postprandial pancreatic and gut hormone responses are undetermined. To determine the combined effects of ED and ER manipulation on voluntary food intake, subjective appetite, and postprandial pancreatic and gut hormone responses.

Design and Methods:

Twenty nonobese volunteers each consumed high (1.6 kcal g−1; HED) and low (1.2 kcal g−1; LED) ED breakfasts slowly (20 g min−1; SR) and quickly (80 g min−1; FR) ad libitum to satiation. Appetite, and pancreatic and gut hormone concentrations were measured periodically over 3 h. Ad libitum energy intake during the subsequent lunch was then measured.

Results:

Main effects of ED and ER on energy intake and a main effect of ER, but not ED, on mass of food consumed were observed, FR and HED being associated with increased intake (P < 0.05). Across all conditions, energy intake was highest during FR‐HED (P ≤ 0.01). Area under the curve (AUC) of appetite ratings was not different between meals. Main effects of ED and ER on insulin, peptide‐YY, and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 AUC (P < 0.05) were observed, FR and HED being associated with larger AUC. No effects on active or total ghrelin AUC were documented. Total energy intake over both meals was highest during the FR‐HED trial with the greatest difference between FR‐HED and SR‐LED trials (P ≤ 0.01).

Conclusion:

Consuming an energy dense meal quickly compounds independent effects of ER and ED on energy intake. Energy compensation at the following meal may not occur despite altered gut hormone responses.
Normal vs. high‐protein weight loss diets in men: Effects on body composition and indices of metabolic syndrome
Authors: Tang Minghua , Armstrong Cheryl L.H. , Leidy Heather J. , Campbell Wayne W.
Published: April 2013

Objective:

This study assessed the effectiveness of a prescribed weight‐loss diet with 0.8 versus 1.4 g protein·kg−1 day−1 on changes in weight, body composition, indices of metabolic syndrome, and resting energy expenditure (REE) in overweight and obese men.

Design and Methods:

Men were randomized to groups that consumed diets containing 750 kcal day−1 less than daily energy needs for weight maintenance with either normal protein (NP, n = 21) or higher protein (HP, n = 22) content for 12 weeks. The macronutrient distributions of the NP and HP diets were 25:60:15, and 25:50:25 percent energy from fat, carbohydrate, and protein, respectively. Assessments were made pre and post intervention. The subjects were retrospectively subgrouped into overweight and obese groups.

Results and Conclusion:

Both diet groups lost comparable body weight and fat. The HP group lost less lean body mass than the NP group (−1.9 ± 0.3 vs. −3.0 ± 0.4 kg). The effects of protein and BMI status on lean body mass loss were additive. The reductions in total cholesterol, HDL‐C, triacylglycerol, glucose, and insulin, along with LDL‐C, total cholesterol‐to‐HDL‐C ratio, and HOMA‐IR, were not statistically different between NP and HP. Likewise, macronutrient distributions of the diet did not affect the reductions in REE, and blood pressure. In conclusion, energy restriction effectively improves multiple clinical indicators of cardiovascular health and glucose control, and consumption of a higher‐protein diet and accomplishing weight loss when overweight versus obese help men preserve lean body mass over a short period of time.
Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor delta protects against obesity‐related glomerulopathy through the P38 MAPK pathway
Authors: Yan Zhencheng , Ni Yinxing , Wang Peijian , Chen Jian , He Hongbo , Sun Jing , Cao Tingbing , Chen Jing , Zhao Zhigang , Luo Zhidan , Chen Lin , Liu Daoyan , Zhu Zhiming
Published: April 2013

Objective:

Obesity is a prominent component of metabolic syndrome and a major risk factor for renal disease. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of cross‐talk between peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)δ and p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) on obesity‐related glomerulopathy.

Design and Methods:

Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to standard laboratory chow or a high‐fat diet for 32 weeks. Glomerular mesangial cells HBZY‐1 and mature differentiation 3T3‐L1 cells were cocultured and were transfected with PPARδ‐expressing vectors or treated with agonist or inhibitor of PPARδ or p38 MAPK.

Results:

Rats on a high‐fat diet showed typical characteristics of metabolic syndrome including obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and hypertension. Rats on a high‐fat diet also had significant glomerular hypertrophy and extracellular matrix accumulation, which were accompanied by increased p38 MAPK phosphorylation and decreased PPARδ expression in the kidney tissue. The roles of p38 MAPK and PPARδ in a coculture system of mesangial cells and mature differentiation 3T3‐L1 cells were further explored. PPARδ suppression promoted laminin and type IV collagen secretion through p38 MAPK phosphorylation in mesangial cells, whereas PPARδ overexpression or PPARδ agonist attenuated phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and laminin and type IV collagen secretion.

Conclusions:

The characteristics of obesity‐related glomerulopathy, which might be partly caused by PPARδ suppression‐induced p38 MAPK activation and laminin and type IV collagen secretion was demonstrated.