bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear correction of FMCW LIDAR based on the superlets transform algorithm
Authors: Feng Jun , Zhao Xingyan , Qiu Yang , Zhong Qize , Dong Yuan , Zheng Shaonan , Hu Ting
Published: January 2025

In frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) light detection and ranging (LIDAR), the nonlinearity of the laser frequency modulation causes an increase in the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the beat signal. This increase seriously affects the ranging precision. In this Letter, a nonlinear correction method based on superlets transform (SLT) is proposed to build a FMCW LIDAR measurement system with an auxiliary interferometer. The time–frequency relation is extracted from the SLT result of the auxiliary path beat signal, and an interpolation sequence is generated to resample the measurement path beat signal, so as to improve the linearity. Experiment results show that the nonlinearity after resampling reaches 2.60 × 10−10, and when the length of the extended fiber for simulating laser transmission is 13 times to the length of the auxiliary fiber, the spectrum still has obvious peaks. The average standard deviation (SD) and average resolution of the ranging within 2.5 m are 2.3 mm and 4.8 cm, respectively. The average SD of the velocity measurement within 6 cm/s is 7.7 mm/s.
Intensity-preserving self-similar beams
Authors: Wang Chenglong , Lu Ronger , Zhao Ruizhi , Li Jialing , Zhu Miao , Sun Xuhui , Gao Bing , Ma Yibing , Zhang Chao , Qin Yiqiang , Lu Yanqing
Published: January 2025

Non-diffracting beams, propagating with unchanged transverse profiles and intensity, have been extensively studied in past decades. More recently, self-similar beams with scaling transverse profiles during propagation were proposed as a generalization of non-diffracting beams. Here, we present a type of beam that can be regarded as an intermediate mode between traditional self-similar beams and non-diffracting beams. During propagation, such beams feature a strict self-similar transverse profile and the intensity remains unchanged. Thus, we name these beams the “perfect self-similar beams”. Our work reveals a class of previously unnoticed beam modes that hold both main characteristics of self-similar beams and non-diffracting beams, which conceptually expands the study of free-space beams with special propagation properties.
Genomic characterization of antimicrobial-resistance and virulence factors in Salmonella isolates obtained from pig farms in Antioquia, Colombia
Authors: García-Álvarez María Isabel , Vidal Juana L. , Donado-Godoy Pilar , Smith Jared , Shariat Nikki , Valencia María Fernanda , Gómez-Osorio Luis M. , López-Osorio Sara , Chaparro-Gutiérrez Jenny J.
Published: January 2025

Background

Occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella strains has been reported worldwide, because of inappropriate use of antimicrobial products in either humans or animals. The presence of multidrug resistant Salmonella in pig production systems had been reported in Antioquia, Colombia.

Aim

To identify antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG) in different Salmonella spp. strains isolated from pig productions in Antioquia, Colombia. Methods: Samples were received at the Diagnostic Unit of the Faculty of Agrarian Sciences at the University of Antioquia, from January 1, 2019, to January 2021. A total of 28 isolates of Salmonella spp. were included, which presented phenotypic resistance to more than one antibiotic used in pig farms. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed in the Unit of Genomic of Agrosavia using an automated pipeline from the GHRU- Sanger Institute, employing the Illumina MiSeq platform.

Results

WGS revealed 34 ARGs among these isolates. In 25 isolates (89%) more than two ARGs were found. Genes encoding resistance were found for 10 different groups of antibiotics (beta-lactam, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, rifampicins, lincosamides, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, sulfonamides and trimethoprim). The most frequently observed MDR profile in Typhimurium isolates was AMP-CEX-CEP-CEF-EFT-CEQ-FLU-ENR-TE-FFC-SXT.

Conclusion

The presence of multi-drug resistant Salmonella strains in pigs destined for human consumption in Antioquia, Colombia was determined. This research emphasizes the utmost importance of epidemiological tools to understand the presence and spreading of antimicrobial resistance genes in pig farms. Additionally, it highlights the critical need for developing educational programs and public policies to help reduce the spread of antimicrobial resistance in production systems.
Practice patterns on the management of secondary hyperparathyroidism in the United States: Results from a modified Delphi panel
Authors: Henner David E. , Drambarean Beatrice , Gerbeling Teresa M. , Kendrick Jessica B. , Kendrick William T. , Koester-Wiedemann Lisa , Nickolas Thomas L. , Rastogi Anjay , Rauf Anis A. , Dyson Brenda , Singer Michael C. , Desai Pooja , Fox Kathleen M. , Cheng Sunfa , Goodman William
Published: January 2025

Background

Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Many recommendations in the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD-mineral and bone disorder guidelines are supported by modest evidence and predate the approval of newer agents. Therefore, an expert panel defined consensus SHPT practice patterns in the United States with real-world context from the nephrology community.

Methods

Ten US healthcare providers and one patient participated in a modified Delphi method comprising three phases. Consensus was determined via iterative responses to a questionnaire based on the 2009 and 2017 KDIGO guidelines and published literature on the identification, evaluation, monitoring, and interventional strategies for patients with SHPT. The threshold for consensus was 66% agreement.

Results

Panelists generally agreed with KDIGO recommendations, with some differences. Consensus was reached on 42/105 (40%), 95/105 (90.5%), and 105/105 (100%) questions after phases 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Panelists unanimously agreed that SHPT treatment is often started late. There was a preference for serum phosphate level <4.6 mg/dL, and consensus to maintain serum calcium levels <9.5 mg/dL. There was unanimous agreement for vitamin D analogues as first-line options in patients not on dialysis with severe, progressive SHPT and unanimous preference for intravenous calcimimetic, etelcalcetide, in appropriate in-center dialysis patients. Factors such as formularies, dialysis center protocols, and insurance were recognized to influence therapeutic strategies.

Conclusions

Expert consensus was reached on SHPT management, further defining therapeutic strategies and medication use and emphasizing need for treatment early. Despite evidence-based treatment preferences supported by clinical experience, factors other than scientific evidence influence decision making, particularly with medications.
Navigating vaccination in pregnancy: Qualitative study in 21 ethnically diverse pregnant women
Authors: Razai Mohammad S. , Ussher Michael , Goldsmith Lucy , Hargreaves Sally , Oakeshott Pippa
Published: January 2025

Background

Vaccination during pregnancy is crucial for safeguarding maternal and neonatal health, but vaccination rates remain suboptimal, especially in women from Black and Asian ethnic minorities. We explored the perspectives and decision-making processes of pregnant women regarding uptake of the three recommended vaccines in pregnancy: Influenza, Pertussis (whooping cough) and COVID-19. We also explored women’s attitudes to taking part in vaccine trials during pregnancy and the use of artificial intelligence (AI) to obtain information on vaccines.

Methods

In 2023, we conducted in-depth telephone interviews with ethnically diverse pregnant women in the Greater London area using convenience and snowball sampling. The interviews focused on participants’ views on vaccination during pregnancy, participation in vaccine trials, information-seeking behaviours, and attitudes to emerging technologies for health information. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed. The data collection and analysis were conducted alongside the iterative development of the topic guide and coding framework, with key themes emerging through collaborative team discussions.

Results

Twenty one pregnant women aged 20–39 were interviewed of whom 67% were from ethnic minorities and 29% were from migrant backgrounds. Half the participants (53%) reported hesitancy towards at least one of the vaccines. The analysis revealed several themes: concerns about vaccine safety, particularly regarding newer vaccines due to lack of long-term data; reliance on healthcare professionals for guidance, balanced with personal research; and a strong desire for clear and comprehensive information specifically tailored to pregnant women. Pregnant women reported insufficient information, explanation, or recommendation by midwives. Additionally, there was widespread refusal regarding participation in vaccine trials; and mixed responses to the use of AI (such as chatbots) for obtaining vaccine information.

Conclusions

Pregnant women’s vaccination decisions are complex and require clear, unambiguous communication from healthcare providers, especially midwives, to address their specific concerns. Although information obtained via AI can be useful, responses were mixed.
Peptidoglycan recognition protein PGRP-5 is involved in immune defence and neuro-behavioral disorders in zebrafish embryos
Authors: Li Xi , Xiong Guanghua , Luo Manni , Mao Siwan , Zhang Ruiying , Meng Ziwei , Li Juan , Liao Xinjun
Published: January 2025

Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) are the evolutionarily highly conserved class of pattern recognition receptors, however, their functions on the innate immune system and neuro-inflammatory response in aquatic organism are still poorly understood. In this study, we systematically investigated the molecular functions of PGRPs in zebrafish embryos. Firstly, we identified three PGRPs in zebrafish and phylogenetic analysis suggested that DrPGRP-5 was a novel member of the PGRP superfamily in evolution. Secondly, the endogenous mRNA levels of DrPGRP-5 were highly expressed in brain and muscle while significantly down-regulated in liver and egg at 72 hpf in zebrafish embryos. Thirdly, the mRNA levels of DrPGRP-5 were greatly elevated after 6 h of E. coli infection but reached its highest value at 24 h after M. luteus stimulation. Moreover, knock-down DrPGRP-5 could significantly reduce the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, but increased the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β. On the other hand, the locomotor behavior abilities and the antioxidant enzyme activities such as CAT and SOD were obviously decreased under the DrPGRP-5 KD conditions. Finally, incubation of zebrafish embryos with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective agents (10 μM Minocycline) can partially rescue the DrPGRP5-regulated locomotor behavior. Taken together, our data suggested that zebrafish PGRP-5 is involved in the innate immune defenses and regulated the neurobehavior and neuro-inflammation, which may provide new strategies for the treatment of neuro-inflammatory diseases in the aquatic organisms.
Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and its associated factors among adults in East African countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Abuhay Habtamu Wagnew , Tesfie Tigabu Kidie , Alemayehu Meron Asmamaw , Agimas Muluken Chanie , Yismaw Getaneh Awoke , Alemu Gebrie Getu , Derseh Nebiyu Mekonnen , Yirsaw Bantie Getnet
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most significant public health problems. Globally, one in ten adults has diabetes, and it results in macro- or microvascular complications, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR). It is one of the most prevalent eye complications associated with DM, and it is the main cause of vision loss. Even though East African countries face a growing burden of diabetes and DR, no study depicts the regional prevalence and its associated factors. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of DR and its associated factors among adults in East African countries.

Methods

We extensively searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Google for relevant studies. A forest plot was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of diabetic retinopathy using DerSimonian and Laird’s random-effects model. We checked publication bias using funnel plots and Egger’s regression test. Potential heterogeneity was tested using the I-squared statistic. Subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and meta-regression analysis were also performed. Furthermore, the pooled odds ratios for the associated factors were estimated. The research protocol was registered in PROSPER.

Results

Among the 29 included studies, the estimated pooled prevalence of DR in East African countries was 28% (95% CI 23.0, 33.0). Besides, age ≥60 (OR = 2.88, 95% CI: 1.55, 5.32), body mass index ≥ 25 (AOR = 2.85; 95% CI: 1.69, 4.81; I2 = 85.4%, p < 0.001), and hemoglobin A1c levels ≥7 (OR = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.46, 4.23) were significantly associated with the prevalence of DR.

Conclusions

The prevalence of DR in East Africa was high, with more than one in four individuals with diabetes developing DR. Besides, advanced age, higher body mass index, and elevated hemoglobin A1c levels were significant factors associated with increased DR prevalence. Therefore, comprehensive diabetes management focusing on optimal glycemic control and healthy weight maintenance is essential to mitigate the problems. Also, the Ministries of Health and policymakers should prioritize and implement targeted strategies to address the identified modifiable risk factors, aiming to reduce the prevalence of DR in the region.

Trial registration

Systematic review registration: PROSPERO (2024: ID = CRD42024511437). https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024511437.
Evolutionary game on mutually influenceing double-layer network
Authors: Hao Qinzhi , Yang Haochun , Sun Yao , Xu Tao , Huang Huang
Published: January 2025

In recent years, coupled double-layer networks have played an increasingly critical role in evolutionary game theory. Research indicates that these networks more accurately reflect real-world relationships between individuals. However, current studies mainly focus on unidirectional influence within double-layer networks. Based on this, we propose a strongly coupled double-layer network cooperation evolution model. Strength individuals are located in the upper network layer, influencing the strategy choices of ordinary individuals in the lower layer, and vice versa. Monte Carlo simulations show that strength individuals can effectively enhance overall group cooperation. Under low temptation to defect, the group maintains a high cooperation rate; under high temptation, the presence of strength individuals prevents the group from falling into total defection, helping ordinary individuals escape the defection dilemma and improve cooperation levels.
Identification of personal factors that influence engagement in cardiac rehabilitation and interventions targeting personal factors: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Zhang Hongyu , Sezgin Duygu
Published: January 2025

Cardiac rehabilitation effectively reduces mortality and enhances the quality of life for individuals with cardiovascular disease. Despite that, individuals’ engagement in cardiac rehabilitation remains low. Considering the significant contributions of individuals’ self-management of cardiovascular disease to their progress, it is essential to understand the personal factors that influence engagement in cardiac rehabilitation. This scoping review aims to identify and map personal factors that influence cardiac rehabilitation engagement with a specific focus on the subjective experiential dimensions of personal factors (cognitive, emotional, and behavioural). It also aims to explore interventions targeting personal factors to increase cardiac rehabilitation engagement. This review will be reported using the PRISMA-ScR checklist following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology. It will include peer-reviewed articles published in English from January 2004, excluding grey literature. Studies reporting adult populations aged 18 and over with cardiovascular disease and addressing personal factors or interventions to increase cardiac rehabilitation engagement, will be included. Databases for the searches will include PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science. The data extraction is developed by the reviewers based on JBI guidelines and relevant literature, the form will detail the characteristics of included publications, personal factors influencing cardiac rehabilitation engagement, and intervention characteristics. The data analysis will summarise descriptively the key features of the included studies and interventions, the Patient Health Engagement Model will guide the categorisation of personal factors into cognitive, emotional, and behavioural aspects, with other personal factors organised as emerging other relevant factors themes. The findings of this review will provide important evidence support for researchers, clinicians and policy makers to promote participation in cardiac rehabilitation. Within the constraints of medical and human resources, attention to personal factors can maximise the individual’s role in cardiac rehabilitation and self-management, contributing to the efficient allocation and use of resources.
Urine tenofovir adherence testing: Perspectives of recently diagnosed South African adolescents and young adults with HIV accessing care via mobile HIV clinics
Authors: Montaño Michalina A. , Sindelo Siyaxolisa , Fata Amanda , Rousseau Elzette , Bekker Linda-Gail , Katz Ingrid T. , Drain Paul K.
Published: January 2025

Background

Adolescents and young adults (AYA) living with HIV face several challenges to engaging in HIV care, which can impact adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Point-of-care (POC) diagnostics that detect tenofovir in urine may be a useful tool to support ART adherence, but perspectives from AYA in South Africa have not been explored.

Methods

We conducted in-depth interviews (IDIs) among young people (age 18–24) newly diagnosed with HIV in Cape Town, and a focus group discussion (FGD) with HIV care providers to understand their perspectives regarding the use of POC urine tenofovir testing to support ART adherence. Transcripts were analyzed using Dedoose, with an iterative thematic approach.

Results

Transcripts from 8 IDI participants and 8 FGD participants were included in the analysis. Major themes identified during analysis related to beliefs about POC urine adherence testing and recommendations for future clinical implementation. Most IDI participants indicated they would want to use the tests if clinically available, and both IDI and FGD participants believed the tests would be helpful to clinicians. Participants believed the tests could motivate people to take their ART regularly, either by reassuring them ART was present in their bodies, or to avoid the negative consequences of being found to be non-adherent. Drawbacks of POC adherence testing identified by respondents included not wanting to be caught skipping ART doses, concerns about privacy, how the test results would be explained, and adding to the amount of testing required for HIV clinical care.

Conclusions

AYA living with HIV in South Africa had favorable views toward POC tenofovir adherence testing and felt utilizing these tests in HIV clinical care would motivate people to remain adherent to ART.
Overlap or breakthrough? exploration of the academic buoyancy structure in Chinese EFL learners
Authors: Zeng Tao , Zhong Ke , Wang Wanting
Published: January 2025

Academic buoyancy, recognized as a key component of positive personality traits in learning, has garnered significant attention. However, most research on buoyancy is limited to general educational contexts, lacking a comprehensive theoretical framework that poses challenges in evaluating buoyancy’s impact on learners within the domain of second language acquisition (SLA). This study seeks to bridge this gap by investigating academic buoyancy within the realm of foreign language learning, specifically among university students in mainland China studying English as a foreign language (EFL). The study comprises two phases, with a total of 632 EFL participants. In the initial phase, a 32-item scale was tailored to the present study, drawing on scales from previous buoyancy-related research. Item analysis and exploratory factor analysis were subsequently conducted with a sample of 209 students. The phase retained 21 measurements and identified three main components of buoyancy: sustainability (the ability to persist despite difficulties), goal-orientedness (the focus on achieving specific learning objectives), and controllability (the perception of managing learning challenges). In the second phase, the refined questionnaire was administered to an additional 423 students, and the data underwent confirmatory factor analysis. A reliable 12-item scale was obtained that accurately reflects the identified components of academic buoyancy. By elucidating the structure of buoyancy, this study offers valuable empirical insights that can guide pedagogical strategies and strengthen learner buoyancy in language learning contexts. The findings contribute to the broader discourse on positive personality traits in education, highlighting the importance of fostering buoyancy in language learners to support their academic success.
Anticoagulants utilization in eight hospitals within the Luzhou region from 2019 to 2023
Authors: Luo Wei , Li Yan , Yang Jiali , Liu Yang , Shi Yue , Luo Hongli
Published: January 2025

Background

With the increasing utilization of anticoagulants, the selection of appropriate anticoagulants has emerged as a significant quandary. The objective of this study was to evaluate recent trend in the utilization and expenditure of anticoagulants within a specific region, aiming to provide valuable insights into the optimal choice of anticoagulants across other healthcare facilities.

Methods

The utilization of anticoagulants was retrospectively analyzed. The data on anticoagulant utilizations in tertiary-care hospitals within a district were collected from January 2019 to December 2023. The expenditure, defined daily doses (DDDs), and defined daily cost (DDC) were calculated. The trends in the utilization and expenditure of anticoagulants were examined using linear regression analysis.

Results

From 2019 to 2023, the DDDs of rivaroxaban demonstrated a significant annual increase in most hospitals (p < 0.05). Only a few hospitals exhibited a gradual rise in the consumption of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) over the same period (p < 0.05). The trend of heparin sodium and warfarin varied across different hospitals. The implementation of the centralized procurement policy, however, resulted in a decline in the consumption of rivaroxaban and LMWH in 2021 and 2022 respectively. The DDC value of rivaroxaban experienced a substantial decrease over the past five years (p = 0.020), declining from 55.20 Chinese Yuan (CNY) in 2019 to 4.28 CNY in 2023. Conversely, there was a slight increase noted in the DDC of heparin sodium during this time frame (p = 0.042).

Conclusion

Over the past five years (2019–2023), there has been an increase in the utilization of rivaroxaban and LMWH. However, their expenditure has decreased. In addition, the utilization and expenditure of warfarin and heparin sodium remained relatively stable. The application prospects of rivaroxaban and LMWH are promising.
Understanding how intermediaries connect adults to community-based physical activity: A qualitative study
Authors: O’Grady Megan , Barrett Emer , Connolly Deirdre
Published: January 2025

Intermediaries facilitate connections to community-based services and supports, including physical activity and exercise groups, and are an emerging method to promote physical activity participation. However, their processes when establishing connections to community-based physical activities are unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the processes, practices, and procedures of Irish intermediaries when connecting people to community-based physical activity. This was a qualitative descriptive design study. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with n = 27 intermediaries from a variety of sectors—Health Promotion and Improvement [HPO], Local Sports Partnerships [LSO] and Social Prescribing [SP]. Four themes were identified using qualitative content analysis; 1) the processes of connecting to an intermediary, 2) connecting individuals to physical activity, 3) exiting from the intermediary service and 4) working in the local context. Intermediaries reported that they received referrals for individuals with physical, mental, and social health needs, but that referrals to improve physical activity specifically were low. They used a person-centred approach throughout their process, often addressing barriers to physical activity. However, only LSO and SP facilitated connections to physical activity, as HPO mainly focused on delivering smoking cessation support and services. Levels of support given and length of follow-up varied between LSO and SP, with the latter providing more intensive support. To facilitate their work, they developed extensive local knowledge and networks of partners, which enabled connections to a variety of community-based physical activities. Intermediaries may be an under-utilized resource to promote physical activity. Understanding the processes used in their interventions can inform future research, which is needed to investigate the effectiveness of intermediaries in improving physical activity levels and to inform future referral pathways.
Pair combinations of human monoclonal antibodies fully protected mice against bunyavirus SFTSV lethal challenge
Authors: Li Bang , Qin Xiang-rong , Qu Jia-chen , Wu Guan-du , Zhang Wen-kang , Jiang Ze-zheng , Liu Pan-pan , Li Ze-min , Yu Tian-mei , Zhou Chuan-min , Jiao Yong-jun , Yu Xue-jie
Published: January 2025

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a viral hemorrhagic fever caused by a tick-borne virus SFTSV with a mortality rate of up to 30%. Currently, there is no vaccine or effective therapy for SFTS. Neutralizing monoclonal antibody therapy, which provides immediate passive immunity and may limit disease progression, has emerged as a reliable approach for developing therapeutic drugs for SFTS. In this study, 4 human monoclonal antibodies (hmAbs) derived from convalescent SFTS patients’ lymphocytes based on human single-chain variable fragment antibody libraries were tested for their neutralizing activities in cells and their treatment effect in animals individually and in pair combinations. The neutralization test showed that all 4 hmAbs exhibited strong neutralizing activity against SFTSV infection in vitro. The protection rate of hmAbs 4-6, 1F6, 1B2, and 4-5 against SFTSV lethal challenge in IFNAR1-/- A129 mice are 50%, 16.7%, 83.3%, and 66.7%, respectively. Notably, the pair combination of antibodies (1B2 and 4-5, 1B2 and 1F6) that recognized distinct epitopes protected 100% of mice against SFTSV lethal challenge. In conclusion, our findings indicate that the pair combinations of hmAbs 1B2 and 4-5 or hmAbs 1B2 and 1F6 may serve as promising therapeutic drugs for treating SFTSV infection.
Frances Hodgkins: European Journeys, Catherine Hammond and Mary Kisler (eds) (2019)
Authors: Sedgwick Laura
Published: January 2025

Review of: Frances Hodgkins: European Journeys, Catherine Hammond and Mary Kisler (eds) (2019)

Auckland: Auckland University Press, 259 pp.,

ISBN 978 1 86940 893 0 (hbk), NZ$85
Hilda Toledano / Maria Pia de Bragança (1907-1995), filha do rei D. Carlos ou burlona?
Authors: Braga Paulo Drumond
Published: January 2025

Em 1957, uma misteriosa figura começou a reivindicar a sua condição de filha ilegítima de D. Carlos, rei de Portugal. Supostamente tinha nascido em Lisboa, em 1907. Viveu a maior parte da vida entre Espanha, França, Cuba e Itália, usando o nome de Hilda Toledano e, mais tarde, o de D. Maria Pia de Bragança. O Estado Novo português nunca a reconheceu como bastarda real e só depois de 1974 é que se fixou em Lisboa. Tendo perdido longas batalhas judiciais, veio a morrer em Verona, esquecida por todos, em 1995.
Irmãs do Inhame: a saúde mental como pratica de resistência
Authors: Bomfim Sousa Ferreira Mariana , Mendes Vasconcelos Bruna
Published: January 2025

A presente submissão é de uma resenha do livro Irmãs do Inhame, de bell hooks, não havendo portanto um resumo.
Experiências de ativismos entre pessoas trans fora dos espaços institucionalizados
Authors: Melo Késia Maria Maximiano de
Published: January 2025

As reflexões propostas originam-se de uma pesquisa etnográfica cujo objetivo central foi compreender do modo pelo qual as pessoas trans têm se apropriado de espaços online de interação a fim de fomentar debates políticos, e tecer redes de solidariedade e sociabilidade. Para tal, parti da investigação da proliferação desses espaços, tomando como ponto de partida um grupo de uma plataforma digital, construindo interações que transitavam entre o on e o offline.  Trata-se de um campo de intensas disputas, especialmente entre uma nova geração de pessoas dissidentes de gênero e o movimento social institucionalizado, evidenciando-se as novas formas de reivindicar lugares de existência
Dyslipidaemia in Liver Diseases
Authors: Hlušička Jiří , Žák Aleš
Published: January 2025

The liver is the central organ in lipid metabolism and plays a key role in a variety of biochemical processes. It is involved in lipoprotein synthesis, fatty acid beta oxidation, ketone body production, cholesterol synthesis, bile production, and storage and mobilization of lipids. Metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and certain dyslipidaemias can lead to chronic liver conditions, especially non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Conversely, chronic liver diseases such as liver cirrhosis and chronic cholestasis can induce dyslipidaemias. This review provides a comprehensive biochemical and clinical overview of the intricate relationship between the lipid-lipoprotein metabolism and chronic liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cholestasis, alcohol-related liver disease, viral hepatitis and cirrhosis, all of which have been selected due to their importance in current clinical practice. These conditions not only affect liver function but also have widespread metabolic implications critical for patient management and therapeutic strategies. In addition to discussing the clinical manifestations and pathophysiology of liver diseases, this review delves into the genetic and non-genetic factors that influence their development and progression. By bridging clinical observations with biochemical me­chanisms, this review aims to improve the understan­ding of how lipid metabolism disorders contribute to chronic liver diseases and to identify potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
Effets de la différence de genre et de la diversification des activités économiques sur la performance des très petites, petites et moyennes entreprises en République du Congo
Authors: Bakaboukila Ayessa Emerentienne
Published: January 2025

L’objectif de cette recherche est d’analyser les effets de différence de genre et de la diversification des activités économiques sur la performance des très petites, petites et moyennes entreprises (TPE et PME) en République du Congo. À partir des données d’enquête produites par l’Institut national de la statistique (2017) par le biais du Recensement des très petites, petites, moyennes entreprises et artisans (RTPMEA) au Congo, 2017), le modèle utilisé est le tobit. Les résultats obtenus montrent, d’une part, que la diversification des activités des TPE et PME gérées par les hommes ont une faible probabilité de favoriser la performance des microentreprises et, d’autre part, que la diversification des activités des TPE et PME gérées par les femmes sont insignifiantes et ne peuvent pas avoir la chance de favoriser leur performance. Ainsi, d’une manière générale, la diversification des activités économiques a agi négativement sur la performance des TPE et PME en République du Congo, malgré la différence de genre. À cet effet, des implications de politique économique sont formulées.
Impacts du street marketing sur l’expérience utilisateur des agents de l’État dans les organisations publiques camerounaises en contexte pandémique
Authors: Bityé Mendomo Mireille , Zogning Nguimeya Félix , Ewodo Meka Roland , Biye’e Olinga Donelle
Published: January 2025

L’article vise à comprendre comment les modèles de communication alternative à l’instar du street marketing, affecte l’expérience utilisateur des agents de l’État en contexte covid-19 à partir du cas camerounais. L’échantillon pilote regroupe une dizaine de responsables publics interrogés dans dix (10) organisations publiques via la technique des entretiens semi-directif. Les résultats issus de l’analyse de contenu manuel et automatisée (via Nvivo 10) soulignent que le street marketing à travers les aspects liés à la distribution des produits et le dialogue public apportent des bénéfices substantiels en termes d’expérience utilisateur dans l’environnement étudié. Dans cette dynamique, l’expérience utilisateur est traduit sous un double angle : à travers l’expérience comportementale d’autre part et conséquences émotionnelles positives d’autres. Dans cette mouvance, la recherche parvient aux enseignements que les manœuvres opérationnelles street marketing opérées dans la sphère publique en contexte Covid-19, impactent le fonctionnement stratégique et organisationnel des structures à travers l’augmentation du levier protection des populations et de renforcement des mesures barrières en contexte Covid-19. De plus, certains aspects managériaux tels que : la participation, la promotion des libertés d’expression, la solidarité et un meilleur fonctionnement des organisations sont des valeurs publiques dévoilées dans ce cadre et qui concourent à l’amélioration de l’efficacité socio sécuritaire des structures publiques en termes de proximité relationnelle entre l’État et les citoyens en matière de santé publique
Temporal Lobectomy Evidence for the Role of the Amygdala in Early Emotional Face and Body Processing
Authors: Moses Eleanor , Scambler Jenna , Taubert Jessica , Lo Ada H. Y. , Thompson Kate , de Gelder Beatrice , Pegna Alan J.
Published: January 2025

The amygdala is believed to make invaluable contributions to visual emotion processing. Yet how this subcortical body contributes to emotion perception across time is contended. Here, we measured differences in the perceptual processing of emotional stimuli after unilateral temporal lobe and amygdala resection (TLR) in humans, using EEG. Through mass univariate analysis of brain activity, we compared responses to fearful and neutral faces (left TLRN = 8, right TLRN = 8, controlN = 8), and fearful and neutral bodies (left TLRN = 9, right TLRN = 9, controlN = 9). We found that TLR impaired the early-stage perceptual processing of emotional stimuli seen in the control group. Indeed, in controls a heightened responses to fearful faces was found in the 140–170 ms time window, over temporoparietal electrodes. This effect was also present in the left TLR group but disappeared in the right TLR group. For emotional bodies, brain activity was differentially sensitive to fearful stimuli at 90–120 ms in the control group, but this effect was eliminated in both TLR groups. Collectively, these results reveal the amygdala contributes to the early stages of perceptual processing that discriminate emotional stimuli from neutral stimuli. Further, they emphasize the unique role of the right medial temporal structures such as the amygdala in emotional face perception.
High beta power in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex indexes human approach behavior: a case study
Authors: Provenza Nicole R. , Rajesh Sameer V. , Reyes Gabriel , Katlowitz Kalman A. , Pugalenthi Lokesha S. , Bechtold Raphael A. , Diab Nabeel , Reddy Sandesh , Allam Anthony , Gandhi Ajay D. , Kabotyanski Katya E. , Mansourian Kasra A. , Bentley Jonathan H. , Altman Jordan R. , Hinduja Saurabh , Giridharan Nisha , Banks Garrett P. , Shofty Ben , Heilbronner Sarah R. , Cohn Jeffrey F. , Borton David A. , Storch Eric A. , Herron Jeffrey A. , Hayden Benjamin Y. , Phillips Mary L. , Goodman Wayne K. , Sheth Sameer A.
Published: January 2025

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the ventral capsule and ventral striatum (VC/VS) is an effective therapy for treatment resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (trOCD). DBS initiation often produces acute improvements in mood and energy. These acute behavioral changes, which we refer to as “approach behaviors”, include increased social engagement and talkativeness. We investigated the relationship between stimulation amplitude, spectral power in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC), and speech rate in one male patient with trOCD implanted with bilateral VC/VS DBS leads and subdural electrodes adjacent to orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and vlPFC. Several times over the first 17 weeks of therapy, we conducted experiments where we recorded data during epochs of high amplitude or zero/low amplitude stimulation. We found that both speech rate and vlPFC power in a high beta frequency band (31±1.5Hz, 1/f activity removed) increased during high amplitude as compared to low amplitude periods. Speech rate correlated with vlPFC high beta power. These effects were more consistent across time points in the left hemisphere than the right. At week 17, we performed an experiment where stimulation was held constant while the patient was asked to speak or remain silent. We showed that the presence or absence of speech was not sufficient to increase the vlPFC high beta power, suggesting stimulation is a key driver of the observed neurobehavioral phenomenon. Our results suggest vlPFC high beta power is a biomarker for approach behaviors associated with VC/VS DBS.

Significance StatementIn one patient receiving DBS of the ventral capsule and ventral striatum (VC/VS) for OCD, we leveraged a unique clinical opportunity to study the neurophysiological basis of approach behaviors using chronic intracranial recordings from prefrontal cortical regions. VC/VS DBS initiation often produces acute improvements in mood and energy associated with increased social engagement and talkativeness (approach behaviors). Our results suggest that vlPFC high beta activity (particularly in the left hemisphere) may index approach behaviors (quantified here by speech features). This neural signal is consistent with our previous non-invasive studies identifying predictors of mania in patients with bipolar disorder, and we hope to gather further evidence that it indexes a continuum from adaptive approach behavior to maladaptive manic symptoms.
Disentangling the component processes in complex planning impairments following ventromedial prefrontal lesions
Authors: Holton Eleanor , van Opheusden Bas , Grohn Jan , Ward Harry , Grogan John , Lockwood Patricia L , Ma Ili , Ma Wei Ji , Manohar Sanjay G
Published: January 2025

Damage to ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in humans disrupts planning abilities in naturalistic settings. However, it is unknown which components of planning are affected in these patients, including selecting the relevant information, simulating future states, or evaluating between these states. To address this question, we leveraged computational paradigms to investigate the role of vmPFC in planning, using the board game task ‘Four-in-a-Row’ (18 lesion patients, 9 female; 30 healthy control participants, 16 female), and the simpler ‘Two-Step’ task measuring model-based reasoning (49 lesion patients, 27 female; 20 healthy control participants, 13 female). Damage to vmPFC disrupted performance in Four-in-a-Row compared to both control lesion patients and healthy age-matched controls. We leveraged a computational framework to assess different component processes of planning in Four-in-a-Row and found that impairments following vmPFC damage included shallower planning depth, and a tendency to overlook game-relevant features. In the ‘Two-Step’ task, which involves binary choices across a short future horizon, we found little evidence of planning in all groups, and no behavioural differences between groups. Complex yet computationally tractable tasks such as ‘Four-in-a-row’ offer novel opportunities for characterising neuropsychological planning impairments, which in vmPFC patients we find are associated with oversights and reduced planning depth.

Significance StatementThe ability to plan in real-world settings is often disrupted after damage to ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). However, real-world planning consists of many different cognitive processes, and it is uncertain which processes are disturbed by these lesions. Here we use rich computational models of planning to characterise behaviour in two planning tasks performed by patients with vmPFC damage and controls. VmPFC damage only affected behaviour in the more complex planning task, and behavioural modelling revealed this was associated with planning less far into the future and overlooking important features. These findings shed light on the neural mechanisms supporting complex planning, demonstrating how novel computational methods can strike the balance between task complexity and interpretability.
Las fuentes primarias en la didáctica de la historia en Latinoamérica y España. Reflexiones desde una panorámica general
Authors: Sáez-Rosenkranz Isidora , Gámez Ceruelo Virginia
Published: January 2025

In this paper two related objectives are proposed. On the one hand, to know what has been published on primary sources in history teaching in Latin American Spanish-speaking countries and in Spain and, with those results as a baseline, to discuss some challenges for History Teaching academic discipline. To this end, firstly it was made an identification and quantification of works recognized by Publish or Perish tool and the production of these publications was analyzed descriptively. It was found that academic concerns about the question of sources on both sides of the Atlantic are different and are linked to the trajectory of the disciplinary field. From here, the paper reflects on the role of sources in the construction of historical knowledge promoted in schools, the role of the teacher in this construction and the ethical precautions to be considered.
GONADAL COMPARISON BETWEEN MORPHS OF MALES Sceloporus minor LIZARD IN A POPULATION OF CENTRAL MEXICO
Authors: Hernández-Loyola Anyeli Viridiana , Ramírez-Bautista Aurelio , García-Rosales Aaron , Armella-Villalpando Miguel A.
Published: January 2025

Studies have found that polymorphism in a population of the lizard Sceloporus minor from central Mexico is not maintained by niche partitioning, thus leaving open the possibility that the polymorphism is being maintained by frequency-dependent selection or by variation in reproductive potential. Therefore, the objective of this study is to make a gross gonadal comparison between males of the yellow and red morphs of the lizard S. minor from a population (El Enzuelado) of the state of Hidalgo, Mexico. The results indicate that there are no significant differences in the volume and weight of the testicles in any of the years analyzed. Also, no significant differences were recorded in the weight of the liver or of the fat body. On the other hand, significant differences were recorded in the volume and weight of the testicles among different seasons of the year for both morphs. The lack of significant variation in testis size between morphs recorded in this study indirectly indicates that the two morphs have similar reproductive potential, and therefore the hypothesis that frequency-dependent selection is the force that maintains polymorphism in this population becomes more plausible.
POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THE LIZARD Riama striata (SQUAMATA: GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE) IN AN URBAN AREA OF THE COLOMBIAN HIGHLANDS
Authors: Méndez-Galeano Miguel Á. , Moreno-Arias Rafael Á. , Pinto-Erazo María A.
Published: January 2025

Urbanization causes transformations in wildlife habitat, provoking alterations in the population dynamics which results in declines and local extinctions. However, some studies in Andean gymnophthalmid lizards highlight the occupation of highly transformed habitats, suggesting a possible urban tolerance in some species. Here we show a case study using capture-mark-recapture sampling on two populations of the endemic Colombian lizard Riama striata, each facing different anthropic pressures. Despite urbanization, Riama striata maintains stable population growth and diverse demographic strategies. Populations differed in survival rates, rate transition from juvenile to adult, and population sizes and densities. The most important size class and demographic processes contributing to λ were adults, and stasis and growth, respectively. Also, in relative terms, stasis was larger than growth in one population, while fecundity was more important to λ in the other population. Our results demonstrate that this species can maintain small but stable populations in urban environments with the presence of artificial refuges. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of grasslands and shelter microhabitats for the population viability of the lizard R. striata, and we suggest conducting more studies on other tropical Andean lizards to assess the impacts of human disturbance in urban lizard species.
REGULACIÓN TRANSCRIPCIONAL DE LA EXPRESIÓN DE LA NAD QUINASA DE Giardia duodenalis: UNA APROXIMACIÓN in silico
Authors: Ostos-Peña Derly Melissa , Ramírez-Hernández María Helena
Published: January 2025

Giardia duodenalis es un protozoario parásito de gran importancia en salud pública, ya que causa la enfermedad gastrointestinal más prevalente del mundo, la giardiasis. El tratamiento farmacológico para esta parasitosis consiste en la administración de nitroimidazoles y benzimidazoles, sin embargo, se han detectado resistencia al tratamiento y múltiples efectos secundarios. Por tal razón, en estudios anteriores se postuló a la NAD quinasa de G. duodenalis (glnadk), como posible blanco farmacológico. En este trabajo, se realizó una aproximación bioinformática de los mecanismos de regulación transcripcional de este gen. Para la regulación en cis, se partió de la búsqueda de elementos conservados en otros genes del parásito y, mediante el uso de los servidores MEME y Tomtom, se buscaron nuevos motivos y sitios de unión a factores de transcripción. Para la identificación de elementos reguladores trans con sitio de unión al promotor de glnadk, se empleó el servidor PROMO y, para la identificación de genes candidato a factor de transcripción en el genoma de G. duodenalis, alineamientos múltiples de secuencia. Se identificaron elementos reguladores en cis conservados, y nuevos motivos de unión a proteínas reguladoras en el promotor de glnadk. Adicionalmente, se identificaron posibles factores de transcripción que podrían participar en la regulación de glnadk, y se postularon genes candidato que codificarían para estos elementos reguladores.