bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An outbreak of dengue virus type 3 on Mer Island in the Torres Strait, Australia in 2024
Authors: Hempenstall A , Pyke A , Taunton C , Sabatino U , Kaigey S , Pickering E , Ehlers G , Muzari M O , Davis J , Paton C , Taylor C , van den Hurk A , Hewitson G , Schlebusch S , Hanson J
Published: December 2024

In early 2024, there were eight confirmed cases of locally acquired dengue on Mer Island in the Torres Strait. This dengue outbreak prompted an in-community public health response which included active case finding, health promotion and vector control. This was the first detected dengue outbreak in the Torres Strait since 2017. It highlights the importance of testing in primary healthcare, vector control and ongoing public health surveillance to minimise the risk of local transmission and establishment of endemic viruses which may cause significant and potentially life-threatening disease within populations in northern Australia.
Komi language sustainability in urban Syktyvkar
Authors: Fedina Maria
Published: December 2024

The article focuses on language sustainability, the functioning of a language in the multiverse of its relations with speakers, non-speakers, other languages, and surrounding environments. Highlighted is the case of the Komi language, approached through the analysis of the language attitudes of Komi and non-Komi residents of Syktyvkar, the capital of the Komi Republic, and changes that have affected the language’s role. The empirical data includes interviews with urban Komi, social media posts, and historical and census data.
Unlike previous studies, the article demonstrates historical transformations in the language attitudes of urban Komi. Widespread Russification and marginalization have previously spurred the development of negative language attitudes. Increased interregional communication, digitalization, and access to information have influenced later improvements in these attitudes.
Changes in the attitudes of non-Komi residents are observed as well: while these attitudes were previously acutely negative, they have been replaced by indifferent and moderately positive ones. The prevalence of positive attitudes was registered in situations where direct interaction with the Komi language was not expected, while direct interaction, such as inclusion of Komi in the school curriculum, triggered more negative reactions.
The prevalence of a utilitarian approach to language maintenance and widespread narratives about the Russifying influence of Syktyvkar have negatively affected the sustainability of the Komi language within the city. Simultaneously, the influx of rural-born Komi-speaking youth with positive language attitudes and the presence of places and communities where Komi is used and valued exert a favorable influence on the language.
Non-finite-based remote past in Udmurt
Authors: Saraheimo Mari
Published: December 2024

The article deals with three constructions in Udmurt based on the past participle, combined with the past tense copula (valPST1/vi̮lemPST2). The aim of the study is to describe the functions of the following constructions: 1) the experiential construction + val/vi̮lem, 2) the resultative construction + val/vi̮lem and 3) the past participle + val/vi̮lem. These constructions are examined through the theory of perfects and pluperfects and whether the constructions carry out functions typical of those of a (plu)perfect. The results of the study show that the constructions in question carry out functions typical of pluperfects, such as past relevance perfect, past experiential and counterfactual functions. The construction formed with the past participle is found to be evidentially neutral and by and large corresponding to the first finite remote past, albeit declining in use and stylistically nuanced. The so-called resultative construction, on the other hand, may acquire various meanings depending on the semantics of the verb, among them past resultative action, past relevance perfect, and past continuative. Contrary to previous descriptions, the resultative construction may also occur with an external subject argument. Finally, the constructions also carry out similar discourse-pragmatic functions as their finite counterparts, such as attenuating questions, expressing assertivity, mirativity, and marking a pre-mirative context.
Some notes on The Oxford Guide to the Uralic Languages
Authors: Erkkilä Riku
Published: December 2024

Besprechung
Bakró-Nagy, Marianne & Laakso, Johanna & Skribnik, Elena (eds․). 2022. The Oxford Guide to the Uralic Languages. Oxford University Press. LV + 1115 pp.
Storymapping como herramienta para la educación patrimonial en el municipio de Guzmán (Burgos)
Authors: Polo Romero L. Alberto , López Rubio Pablo
Published: December 2024

El sistema comunicativo actual privilegia la forma sobre el contenido, transformando la educación patrimonial. En este contexto, las tecnologías de la información geográfica (TIG) y herramientas como los storymaps han revolucionado la educación y difusión patrimonial. Los storymaps combinan narrativas visuales con datos geográficos, integrando recursos digitales (mapas, modelos 3D, vídeos) para crear experiencias inmersivas y dinámicas. En el proyecto “El Castillo de Guzmán (Burgos)”, esta metodología permite difundir avances arqueológicos y fomentar el aprendizaje accesible y transmedia, empoderando a la ciudadanía local mediante la ciencia abierta y la conexión emocional con testimonios locales
Educación patrimonial y herramientas digitales: experiencia en la formación continua de docentes
Authors: Teixeira Simonne , De Aguiar Zanon Soares Lizandra Maria
Published: December 2024

La experiencia ha demostrado que las tecnologías digitales, cuando se utilizan intencionalmente y se alinean con propuestas pedagógicas significativas, pueden enriquecer la educación patrimonial. Ofrecen herramientas para explorar narrativas locales, promover la interdisciplinariedad e involucrar a los estudiantes de una manera activa y creativa. Sin embargo, también es necesario reconocer las limitaciones de las TDIC y trabajar para superarlas. Esto requiere inversiones en infraestructura, formación de docentes y el desarrollo de recursos didácticos accesibles. Además, es esencial promover una visión crítica sobre el uso de las tecnologías, asegurando que fortalezcan, y no reemplacen, las conexiones humanas y culturales que son la esencia del patrimonio. Este texto aborda la experiencia del Grupo de Pesquisa Officina de Estudos do Patrimônio Cultural | UENF y el uso de TDIC en la formación continua del profesorado.
Pengaruh Kepercayaan Dan KepuasanTerhadap Loyalitas Nasabah Koperasi Simpan Pinjam Dana Arta Mandiri Cikarang
Authors: Edy Jon , Suprayoga Adi , Rahmat Dede , Enjelina Dina
Published: December 2024

Tujuannya studi yakni melihat pengaruhnya kepercayaan dan kepuasan nasabah pada loyalitas nasabah di KSP Dana Arta Mandiri unit Cikarang. Populasinya studi ini yakni nasabah KSP DAM Unit Cikarang. Jumlahnya partisipan 63 orang, dengan metodologi pengambilan sampelnya memakai data primer dan skunder dengan pendekatannya kuantitatif. Teknik analisa data studi ini yakni memakai Uji Instrumen, Asumsi Klasik, Regresi Linear berganda memakai Uji Hipotesis (Uji t dan f), dan Koefisien Determinasinya. Temuan memperlihatkan secara parsial kepercayaan (X1) ada pengaruhnya positif signifikan pada loyalitas nasabah (Y) nilainya Thitung (2,402) > dari Ttabel (2,000) dan kepuasan nasabah (X2) secara parsial ada pengaruhnya positif signifikan pada loyalitas nasabah (Y) dengan nilainya Thitung (2,728) > dari Ttabel (2,000). Pengujiannya  bersamaan  kepercayaan dan kepuasan nasabah nilainya sig 0,002< 0,05 dan nilainya Fhitung (7,143) > dari Ftabel (3,148), hal ini kepercayaan (X1) dan kepuasan nasabah (X2) secara bersamaan ada pengaruhnya positif signifikan pada loyalitas nasabah (Y). Temuan studi ini memperlihatkan  makin tinggi kepercayaannya serta kepuasannya nasabah, makin tinggi pula tingkatan loyalitasnya diberikan
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KUALITAS HIDUP (QUALITY OF LIFE) PADA PASIEN GAGAL GINJAL KRONIS YANG MENJALANI HEMODIALISA
Authors: Apriliana  , Hendra Kusumajaya  , Rima Berti Anggraini
Published: December 2024

Pasien yang menderita gagal ginjal kronis dan menjalani hemodialisa akan mengalami gangguan dalam berbagai aspek kehidupannya, termasuk fisik, psikologis, sosial, dan lingkungan yang pada akhirnya akan mempengaruhi kualitas hidupnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kualitas hidup pasien gagal ginjal kronis yang menjalani hemodialisa. Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu 90 responden. Teknik sampling yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu non probability sampling dengan menggunakan jenis teknik purposive sampling. Analisis data menggunakan Uji Spearman rho. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kualitas hidup pada pasien gagal ginjal kronis yang menjalani hemodialisa dengan nilai ? ? 0,00 (<0,005) dan nilai r = 0,866, ansietas dengan nilai ? ? 0,00 (<0,005 dan nilai r ? 0,655, serta depresi dengan nilai ? ? 0,00 (<0,005) dan nilai r = 0,644. Saran dari penelitian ini adalah diharapkan hasil penelitian ini digunakan sebagai literatur dan acuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup pada pasien gagal ginjal kronis khususnya di aspek psikologis
IMPACT OF THE ARIS MODULE (ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION REDUCTION THROUGH ISLAMIC SPIRITUAL CARE) ON PATIENTS WITH CORONARY HEART DISEASE
Authors: Wisuda Aris Citra , Tukimin bin Sansuwito  , Citra Suraya  , Helsy Desvitasari
Published: December 2024

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a significant health issue that causes both physical and psychological distress, including heightened anxiety and depression. Islamic-based spiritual care practices may improve mental well-being in CHD patients. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the ARIS Module (Anxiety and Depression Reduction through Islamic Spiritual Care) in reducing anxiety and depression among CHD patients. Methods: Conducted from September to October 2024 at Siti Khadijah Islamic Hospital in Palembang, the study included 84 CHD patients, divided into an intervention group (42) and a control group (42), selected through purposive sampling. A pre- and post-intervention design was used to assess anxiety and depression levels before and after the ARIS Module, which incorporates Islamic spiritual practices such as guided prayer, reflection, and recitation. Results: The intervention group showed a statistically significant reduction in anxiety and depression levels. Patients also reported increased peace, spiritual connection, and emotional stability, enhancing their coping abilities and overall quality of life. Conclusions: The ARIS Module effectively reduced anxiety and depression in CHD patients, highlighting the value of integrating spiritual care into CHD treatment for mental and emotional health. Suggestions: It is recommended to incorporate programs like ARIS module into healthcare settings, with further research to explore its impact across diverse patient populations.
Alkaline stress disrupts growth, biochemistry, and ion homeostasis of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) roots
Authors: Kumar Kundan , Jaiswal Arti , Koppolu Uma Mahendra Kumar , Kumar Koppolu Raja Rajesh
Published: December 2024

Alkaline stress imposes significant constraints on agriculture by reducing nutrient availability and inhibiting plant growth. This study examines the physiological and biochemical responses of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seedlings to alkaline stress, with implications for improving crop resilience. Chickpea seedlings were subjected to combined Na₂CO₃ and NaHCO₃ treatments, and changes in growth, root morphology, and nutrient uptake were evaluated. Alkaline stress led to substantial reductions in growth metrics (shoot and root length, fresh and dry weights), root-to-shoot ratio, and lateral root number, indicating pronounced root damage. This damage was associated with elevated hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) levels, increased membrane damage, and reduced cell viability. In response to alkaline stress, chickpea roots accumulated osmolytes (proline, soluble sugars) and upregulated antioxidant enzymes (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase) as an adaptive response to mitigate osmotic and oxidative stress. Ion homeostasis was disrupted, with decreased uptake of essential nutrients like K, P, Mn, Fe, and Zn, while the uptake of Na, Mg, and Ca increased, disturbing nutrient balance. These findings underscore the need for strategies, such as genetic improvement to enhance alkaline stress tolerance in chickpea, contributing to improved crop performance in challenging soil conditions.
Real-world assessment of listener preference for hearing aid technology levels in socially involved situations
Authors: Glista Danielle , O'Hagan Robin , Beh Krystal , Crukley Jeffery , Scollie Susan , Cornelisse Leonard
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Current hearing aids have an abundance of feature options and technologies. It is important to understand the clinical impact of hearing aid technology selection and how to individualize fittings to optimize hearing aid performance according to listening environment. To probe the naturalistic listening experiences researchers can use in-situ outcome measures. Survey-based real-world assessments can increase knowledge of hearing aid users' everyday scenarios, beyond the limits of lab-based scenarios. This study aimed to assess the relationship between subjective preference ratings of adult listeners and hearing aid technology level using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA). A secondary research question explored survey completion as a function of real-world participation in socially involved situations.

Methods

This study aimed to capture and assess in-the-moment listening situations and participant preference for hearing aid technology levels, using EMA through an app-based survey. Surveying was completed indoors (at home), indoors (away from home); and outdoors, and while in a listening situation with at least one communication partner. Fourteen older adults, aged 61–82 years, who were experienced bilateral hearing aids users were included in this study. Participants completed a 2-week acclimatization period wearing study-provided hearing aids, and a 2-week data collection period. In-situ surveying was used to evaluate technology-level preference in real-world listening situations with at least one communication partner. Survey data captured in-the-moment details surrounding environment, activity, and listening preference. Mixed methods were used to analyze the data, including Bayesian analyses for preference data and content analysis for text-based survey responses, including the use of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health to guide activity categorization.

Results

Across a wide variety of categorized activities, participants demonstrated a preference for mid- to high-level hearing aid technologies when compared to the lowest level. Technology preference also varied according to reported activity location.

Discussion

The use of in-situ surveying provided a broader understanding of hearing aid users' listening environments when conversing with one or more communication partners and related technology preferences. EMA was found to be a feasible method of data collection for this cohort and may help guide clinical, person-centered selection of technology level.
Inhibition of leukotrienes and their potential role in type 1 diabetes pathogenesis: implications for montelukast as a therapeutic agent: a case report
Authors: Fatulla Pavel , Ström Ingela , Lingblom Christine , Lind Marcus
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Type 1 diabetes involves immune-mediated destruction of insulin-producing beta cells, with eosinophils potentially playing a significant role. Recent studies suggest that leukotriene inhibition might influence this process. This case report presents a novel observation of montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, reducing insulin requirements in a patient with Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA). A 55-year-old male with LADA experienced substantial reductions in insulin dosage when treated with montelukast for respiratory symptoms. Initially diagnosed with LADA in 2018, the patient had been on insulin therapy. Montelukast therapy, initiated due to respiratory symptoms, led to a 60.5% reduction in insulin requirements which increased upon discontinuation. A subsequent montelukast course resulted in an 87.9% insulin reduction. Although the insulin-lowering effect diminished with continued montelukast use, the patient reported reduced postprandial hyperglycemia. Blood tests indicated stable glucose levels despite reduced insulin doses.

Conclusions

This case suggests that montelukast may reduce insulin needs in type 1 diabetes patients, potentially through its anti-inflammatory effects on eosinophils. These findings highlight the need for further research into montelukast’s role in type 1 diabetes management and its potential to preserve beta-cell function or reduce insulin dependence.
Targeting steroid receptor coactivators in cancer via small molecule agents
Authors: Gilad Yosi , Shimon Ortal , Lonard David M. , O’Malley Bert W.
Published: December 2024

Steroid receptor coactivators (SRCs) are a family of nuclear receptor (NR) coregulators comprised of three evolutionarily related, yet distinct proteins SRC-1, SRC-2 and SRC-3. The SRCs interact with NRs and other transcription factors to regulate their transcriptional activity, impacting a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes. Abnormal expression or dysfunction of SRCs is associated with a diverse range of pathological conditions, including metabolic disorders, genetic and reproductive malfunctioning, impaired embryogenesis and most notably cancer which is the focus of this review. As key integrators of NR and growth factor signaling pathways, SRCs regulate multiple oncogenic programs, particularly in hormone-related malignancies, and thus represent attractive biological targets for cancer treatment. Here we review the evolution of the discovery process for small molecule targeting agents of SRCs and the opportunities they present for cancer therapy.
Practical guidelines for developing digital health solutions to increase equity in dementia care in the UK
Authors: Wolff Beth , Nielsen Simon , Kiwanuka Achilles
Published: December 2024

Background

Digital Healthcare Solutions (DHS) are transforming healthcare by improving patients' experiences, safety and quality of care. However, despite all the proposed and observed advantages of DHS, a growing body of research suggests that these DHS are not equally accessible to all. This research aimed to assess whether equity frameworks for digital health solutions can be used to guide the development of digital health solutions to increase access to care for dementia patients in the UK and, thereafter, develop practical guidelines to guide the design of equitable DHS products to address this growing issue.

Methods

A scoping review across four databases and grey literature was done to identify equity frameworks and design principles for DHS. The equity frameworks and design principles were analyzed to make recommendations on increasing equity in the product.

Results

34 publications and reports met the inclusion criteria. Four equity frameworks were analyzed and one was selected. Equitable product development guidelines were created based on patient-centered design principles.

Conclusion

Although DHS can increase inequity in healthcare, concrete methods and practical guidelines can minimize this if DHS developers design for maximum equity and closely collaborate with healthcare providers and end-users in product development. Future research could use these guidelines to test usability for developers and investigate other equitable approaches like institutional barriers to adoption.
Displacement hazard from distributed ruptures of strike-slip faults in the Tibetan plateau
Authors: Hu Fangbo , Ren Junjie
Published: December 2024

Large strike-slip earthquakes are generally characterized by long surface rupture zones and relatively concentrated displacement distribution. The displacements on main seismogenic faults have been well studied and assessed by numerous empirical relations. Detailed mapping of the deformation zone of strike-slip earthquakes in the past decades indicates that distributed ruptures beyond the main faults have controlled the width of surface deformation zones and influenced the distribution of damages and earthquake-induced geological disasters. Therefore, the displacement hazard assessment from distributed surface rupture along strike-slip faults is urgent for disaster prevention and mitigation and the seismic safety of linear engineering. The Tibetan Plateau is marked by a series of strike-slip faults accompanied by lateral extrusion of material due to the Cenozoic collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates. In this study, we collected the surface rupture data of five strike-slip earthquakes in the Tibetan Plateau during the past decades, including the 1997 Mani (MW 7.5), 2010 Yushu (MW 6.9), 2014 Yutian (MW 6.9), 2021 Maduo (MW 7.4), and 2022 Menyuan (MW 6.6) earthquakes. Then, we preprocess the original data to form the standardized dataset after removing the fractures due to non-tectonic factors such as landslides, gravity instability under seismic ground motion, and so on. Based on the standardized dataset, the surface rupture displacements generated by strike-slip faults are incorporated into a probabilistic displacement hazard analysis framework, and a probability model of the surface rupture displacement distribution is established for the Tibetan Plateau. This model estimates the probability per unit area of finding a distributed rupture that allows a displacement that exceeds a displacement threshold at a given distance from the principal fault. This study not only provides a framework for the probabilistic displacement hazard of distributed ruptures from strike-slip faults but also supports the seismic hazard assessment of linear engineering crossing strike-slip faults in the Tibetan Plateau.
A nomogram model to predict the high risk of lower live birth probability in young women undergoing the first IVF-ET cycle: a retrospective study
Authors: Liu Chang , Pan Peipei , Li Beihai , Teng Yili
Published: December 2024

Objective

To build a prediction nomogram for early prediction of live birth probabilities according to number of oocytes retrieved in women ≤ 35 years of age.

Methods

A prediction model was built including 9265 infertile women ≤ 35 years of age accepting their first ovum pick-up cycle from January 2018 to December 2022. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was performed to identify independent predictors and establish a nomogram to predict reproductive outcomes. Both discrimination and calibration were assessed by bootstrapping with 1000 resamples.

Results

The critical threshold for the number of retrieved oocytes associated with cumulative live birth was determined as 10.5 (AUC: 0.824). Consequently, a nomogram was constructed to predict the likelihood of obtaining fewer than 10 oocytes at one oocyte retrieval cycle. There were five indicators significantly related to the risk of obtaining less than 10 oocytes at one oocyte retrieval cycle, including age, antral follicle count (AFC), anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and FSH to luteinizing hormone ratio. These factors were subsequently used to develop a nomogram prediction model. The model’s performance was evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC), concordance index (C-index), and calibration curves, which indicated fair predictive ability and good calibration.

Conclusion

We developed and validated a nomogram based on five ovarian reserve indicators to predict the risk of retrieving fewer than 10 oocytes at one oocyte retrieval cycle in women ≤ 35 years of age. The model demonstrated good discrimination and calibration, indicating its reliability for clinical application. This nomogram offers a practical and accurate tool for early identification of young women with potentially decreased ovarian reserve, enabling timely intervention and personalized management strategies.
Analysis of the risk of death and its associated risk factors in Chinese patients with young-onset type 2 diabetes
Authors: Wu Dan , Yu Yang , Zheng Haoran , Xiang Ling , Wang Xiaoqing , Zhang Yong , Sun Zhongming , Miao Dandan , Zhou Jinyi , Pan Enchun , Hu Wen
Published: December 2024

Objectives

To examine the association between the age at onset of diabetes and the risk of all-cause mortality in a population of individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to identify risk factors associated with all-cause mortality in young-onset T2DM (YOD) patients in China.

Methods

This study utilized a cohort of 9759 patients who were diagnosed with T2DM and who were registered and enrolled in the National Basic Public Health Service Management Program in Qinghe District (now Qingjiangpu District) and Huai’an District, Huai’an City, Jiangsu Province, China. The patients were observed from November 2013 to July 2014, and all-cause mortality data were obtained by comprehensive matching with the Huai’an City Resident Mortality Database as of December 31, 2019. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to compute the hazard ratios (HRs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for all-cause mortality risk during the follow-up period among patients with varying disease onset ages. Additionally, subgroup analyses were conducted based on sex, age, lifestyle factors, and baseline clinical parameters.

Results

A total of 7572 patients with T2DM, including 2874 men and 4698 women aged 57.9 ± 8.0 years, were ultimately included in the study. 1) At baseline, a greater proportion of YOD patients were engaged in high-intensity activities, had a longer sleep duration, had a longer duration of T2DM, had a family history of T2DM, had microvascular complications (kidney disease, retinopathy, neuropathy, diabetic foot, etc.), and received glucose-lowering treatment. Moreover, patients in the YOD group also had significantly greater baseline HbA1c, FBG, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) than did those in the onset at 41-60 years (MD) group and the onset at 61-75 years (SD) group. 2) During the six-year follow-up period, a total of 1057 deaths were documented. After adjusting for confounding factors and utilizing SD as the reference group, the HRs for deaths occurring in the YOD and MD groups were 1.383 (95% CI: 0.717-2.667) and 1.006 (95% CI: 0.763-1.326), respectively. Moreover, the risk of death in the YOD group remained highest in the sensitivity analysis that excluded patients with coronary heart disease at baseline, stroke patients, and patients who died within the first three years of follow-up. 3) Sleep duration was identified as an independent risk factor for mortality in the YOD group, with a notable increase in the risk of all-cause mortality when sleep duration exceeded 9 hours per day.

Conclusion

The risk of all-cause mortality in YOD patients was 1.38 times greater than that in MD and SD patients, and the longer the sleep duration was, the greater the risk of death, especially when sleep duration exceeded 9 hours per day.
Single-cell and spatiotemporal transcriptomic profiling of brain immune infiltration following Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus infection
Authors: Rangel Margarita V. , Sebastian Aimy , Leon Nicole F. , Phillips Ashlee M. , Gorman Bria M. , Hum Nicholas R. , Weilhammer Dina R.
Published: December 2024

Neurotropic alphaviruses such as Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) are critical human pathogens that continually expand to naïve populations and for which there are no licensed vaccines or therapeutics. VEEV is highly infectious via the aerosol route and is a recognized weaponizable biothreat that causes neurological disease in humans. The neuropathology of VEEV has been attributed to an inflammatory immune response in the brain yet the underlying mechanisms and specific immune cell populations involved are not fully elucidated. This study uses single-cell RNA sequencing to produce a comprehensive transcriptional profile of immune cells isolated from the brain over a time course of infection in a mouse model of VEEV. Analyses reveal differentially activated subpopulations of microglia, including a distinct type I interferon-expressing subpopulation. This is followed by the sequential infiltration of myeloid cells and cytotoxic lymphocytes, also comprising subpopulations with unique transcriptional signatures. We identify a subpopulation of myeloid cells that form a distinct localization pattern in the hippocampal region whereas lymphocytes are widely distributed, indicating differential modes of recruitment, including that to specific regions of the brain. Altogether, this study provides a high-resolution analysis of the immune response to VEEV in the brain and highlights potential avenues of investigation for therapeutics that target neuroinflammation in the brain.
Bovine PMN responses to extracellular vesicles released by Besnoitia besnoiti tachyzoites and B. besnoiti-infected host cells
Authors: Espinosa Gabriel , Salinas-Varas Constanza , Rojas-Barón Lisbeth , Preußer Christian , Pogge von Strandmann Elke , Gärtner Ulrich , Conejeros Iván , Hermosilla Carlos , Taubert Anja
Published: December 2024

Bovine besnoitiosis is a re-emerging cattle disease caused by the apicomplexan parasite Besnoitia besnoiti, which severely affects individual animal welfare and profitability in cattle industry. We recently showed that B. besnoiti tachyzoite exposure to bovine polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) effectively triggers neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, leading to parasite immobilization hampering host cell infection. So far, the triggers of this defense mechanism remain unclear. Emerging evidence indicates that extracellular vesicles (EVs) modulate PMN effector functions, such as ROS production or NET formation. Therefore, we tested whether exposure of bovine PMN to EVs from different cellular sources affects classical PMN effector functions and cytokine/chemokine secretion. EVs were isolated from B. besnoiti-infected and non-infected host cells (bovine umbilical vein endothelial cells, BUVEC), from tachyzoite-exposed bovine PMN and from B. besnoiti tachyzoites. EV concentration and size was determined by Nano-Flow cytometry and EV nature was confirmed by both classical EV markers (CD9 and CD81) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Overall, PMN stimulation with both BUVEC- and tachyzoite-derived EVs significantly induced extracellular DNA release while EVs from PMN failed to affect NET formation. BUVEC and tachyzoite EV-driven NET formation was confirmed microscopically by the presence of DNA decorated with neutrophil elastase (NE) and histones in typical NET structures. Moreover, confocal microscopy revealed EVs to be internalized by bovine PMN. Referring to PMN activation, EVs from the different cellular sources all failed to affect glycolytic or oxidative responses of bovine PMN as detected by Seahorse®-based analytics and luminol-based chemoluminescence, thereby denying any role of NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity in EV-driven NET formation. Finally, exposure to B. besnoiti-infected BUVEC-derived EVs induced IL-1β and IL-6 release, but failed to drive CXCL8 release of bovine PMN. Hence, we overall demonstrated that EVs of selected cellular origin owned the capacity to trigger NOX-independent NET formation, were incorporated by PMN and selectively fostered IL-1β and IL-6 release.
In-situ analysis of polymetallic nodules from the clarion-Clipperton zone, Pacific Ocean: implication for controlling on chemical composition variability
Authors: Li Jie , Jin Yinjia , Wang Hao , Yang Kehong , Zhu Zhimin , Meng Xingwei , Li Xiaohu
Published: December 2024

Polymetallic ferromanganese nodules (PMNs) in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) exhibit significant spatial variability in chemical composition, which complicates exploration efforts and increases associated costs. The primary factors driving this spatial variability remain unclear due to limited understanding of the growth history of these nodules. This study investigated the internal structure and elemental distributions of PMNs from both the eastern and western CCZ using a range of in-situ techniques, including high-resolution element mapping and chemical analysis, to characterize the compositional differences and growth processes of the nodules. Analysis of Nodule BC06 from the eastern CCZ reveals a decreasing Mn/Fe ratio from the inner part (Layer I) to the outer part (Layer II). In contrast, Nodule BC1901 from the western CCZ consists of three layers, with the Mn/Fe ratio increasing from Layer I to Layer II and then decreasing from Layer II to Layer III. Discrimination diagrams indicate that both nodules formed through hydrogenetic and diagenetic processes, with Nodule BC06 showing stronger diagenetic influences. Variations in diagenetic effects from core to rim suggest different geochemical controls in the two regions. In the eastern CCZ, compositional changes are mainly driven by the movement of PMNs away from the equatorial high-productivity zone. In the western CCZ, the variability in deep-water ventilation and the intensity of Antarctic Bottom Water are the key factors influencing nodule composition. These findings enhance our understanding of the growth history and spatial variability of PMNs in the CCZ and provide valuable insights for future resource evaluation.
A novel comprehensive system for analyzing and evaluating storm surge disaster chains based on complex networks
Authors: Guo Hongbo , Huang Chong , Zhang Caixia , Shao Qinglong
Published: December 2024

Against the backdrop of global warming and rising sea levels, storm surge disasters occur frequently, often forming complex chains of events that lead to severe crises. However, systematic research on storm surge disaster chains is scarce. To characterize these chains, this research proposes a storm surge disaster chain analysis system based on complex networks and Bayesian networks. The system consists of three modules: evaluation, prediction, and measurement. The evaluation module uses a complex network model to quantitatively analyze the vulnerability, key nodes, and critical transmission paths of the disaster chain complex network. The prediction module establishes a Bayesian network-based model to forecast the complex network evolution process, forecasting the occurrence probability and loss scenarios of the disaster events. The measurement module measures and calculates the chain effect based on the dependence relationship and loss degree of the disaster event loss scenario. The results elucidate that most key nodes are primary and secondary disasters such as seawater flooding, flooding, dam damage, rainstorm, and house damage. Meanwhile, edges such as the sea wave–seawater flooding and house damage–human casualties have a critical impact on the storm surge disaster chain complex network. Key evolutionary paths such as strong winds–human casualties and over-warning tide level–social influence need to be focused on. Disaster reduction strategies such as maintaining dams, reinforcing houses, and removing disaster-bearing body can effectively break the chain and mitigate disasters. This research has a reference value for the scientific understanding of storm surge disaster chains and can serve as a scientific basis for comprehensive disaster reduction, disaster preparedness, and disaster relief.
The effect of inner ring groove on leakage reduction in dry gas seals and its visualization verification
Authors: Ochiai Masayuki , Ohya Yuta
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the impact of incorporating an Inner Ring Groove (IRG) on the leakage characteristics of dry gas seals, commonly used in turbomachinery such as gas turbines and compressors. The primary objective is to enhance sealing performance and reduce gas leakage, which is critical for improving the efficiency of these machines. The research focuses on various groove shapes, including spiral grooves for single-direction rotation and T-grooves and tree grooves for bi-directional rotation. The experimental setup involved measuring air leakage rates across different seal configurations, both with and without the IRG. The results indicated that while the IRG increased leakage in spiral groove seals, it significantly reduced leakage in T-groove and tree groove seals. Specifically, the IRG reduced leakage by approximately 26% in T-groove seals and 15.8% in tree groove seals, compared to their standard configurations. Additionally, the study employed Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) to visualize gas flow within the seal gaps. The visualization revealed that the IRG altered the flow dynamics, particularly in T-groove seals, where it redirected the gas flow from a radial to a circumferential direction, thereby reducing leakage. In contrast, the IRG in spiral groove seals promoted radial flow, leading to increased leakage. These findings suggest that the application of IRGs can be particularly effective in bi-directional rotation seals, offering a potential design modification to enhance sealing performance. The study concludes that while IRGs may not be suitable for all groove types, their strategic application can lead to significant improvements in leakage reduction and overall efficiency of dry gas seals.
Efficacy and safety of wet cupping in the treatment of neurodermatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhai Yan , Hui You-yi , Jiang Ze-fei , Ding Lin , Cheng Jie , Xing Tang , Zhai Han , Zhang Hong
Published: December 2024

Background

Neurodermatitis is a chronic skin condition characterized by intense itching and skin thickening due to neurological dysfunction. Its persistent nature poses a challenge to effective treatment, significantly impacting patients’ quality of life. Wet cupping therapy is increasingly being used in clinics to manage neurodermatitis, so it is imperative to assess the evidence regarding its effectiveness and safety.

Objective

This review aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of wet cupping therapy in patients with neurodermatitis.

Methods and analysis

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating wet cupping for neurodermatitis were identified through searches of eight electronic databases and three clinical trial registration platforms from inception to March 2024, using predefined search terms. Included studies underwent quality appraisal using the Cochrane Collaboration’s Risk of Bias Assessment tool. The quality of evidence was assessed independently by two reviewers using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation System (GRADE). Meta-analysis and publication bias assessment were conducted using ReviewManager 5.4 and STATA 17.0 software, respectively.

Results

This review encompassed 19 studies, comprising 6 types of comparisons and involving 1,505 participants. The findings revealed no significant difference in the total effective rate between wet cupping alone and high-potency steroids (n = 269, RR = 1.13, 95% CI [0.90, 1.41], p = 0.29, I2 = 83%). However, wet cupping combined with medication or moxibustion exhibited superior efficacy compared to medication alone (n = 272, RR = 1.28, 95% CI [1.16, 1.41], p < 0.00001, I2 = 43%) and (n = 534, RR = 1.22, 95% CI [1.14, 1.30], p < 0.00001, I2 = 0%). Wet cupping groups demonstrated lower recurrence rates (n = 266, RR = 0.31, 95% CI [0.16, 0.60], p = 0.0005, I2 = 0%) and a reduced incidence of adverse events (n = 673, RR = 0.44, 95% CI [0.21, 0.90], p = 0.02, I2 = 36%). Furthermore, wet cupping alone or combined with moxibustion effectively lowered the levels of inflammatory factors compared to medication: TNF-α (n = 120, MD = −6.99, 95% CI [−8.13, −5.85], p < 0.00001, I2 = 0%), IL-1β (n = 120, MD = −5.28, 95% CI [−6.91, −3.65], p < 0.00001, I2 = 48%), and IL-6 (n = 180, MD = −8.61, 95% CI [−13.24, −3.99], p = 0.0003, I2 = 81%).

Conclusion

The efficacy of wet cupping therapy is comparable to that of high-potency steroids. Its combined use with medication or moxibustion appears to enhance effectiveness, reduce recurrence rates, and improve safety. However, due to the overall low grade of evidence for the identified outcomes and poor methodological quality, caution is advised when interpreting and applying these findings in clinical practice.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier: CRD42024524398.
Limitations of a proper SFTSV mouse model using human C-type lectin receptors
Authors: Kim You-Min , Ro Hyo-Jin , Lee Jae Hoon , Song Yaechan , Lee Han-Woong , Cho Nam-Hyuk
Published: December 2024

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a tick-borne virus with a human mortality rate of up to 30%, posing a significant threat to public health. However, the lack of suitable research models has impeded the development of effective human vaccines. In this study, we engineered transgenic mice (3xTg) using a novel construct that simultaneously expresses three C-type Lectin receptors, identified as critical SFTSV entry receptors. While this construct substantially enhanced viral binding and infection in BJAB cells, the 3xTg mice exhibited only limited SFTSV replication in the lymph nodes and spleen, without significant impacts on morbidity or mortality. These findings highlight that the overexpression of entry receptors alone is insufficient to fully recapitulate human SFTSV infection in mice. Moreover, our results reveal that the introduction of multiple entry receptors does not necessarily translate to enhanced infection efficacy. This underscores the need for further investigation into the interplay between SFTSV entry mechanisms and host factors to develop more robust mouse models. Advancing such models will be crucial for unraveling the pathogenesis of SFTS pathology and improving strategies for its prevention and treatment in humans.
Distinct brain systems are involved in subjective minute estimation with eyes open or closed: EEG source analysis study
Authors: Proshina Ekaterina , Mitiureva Dina , Sysoeva Olga
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Time perception is a fundamental cognitive function, the brain mechanisms of which are not fully understood. Recent electroencephalography (EEG) studies have shown that neural oscillations in specific frequency bands may play a role in this process. In the current study, we sought to investigate how neurophysiological activity of cortical structures relates to subjective time estimations.

Methods

The study sample included 41 healthy volunteers, who were to produce subjective minutes with eyes closed and open by pressing the response button marking the beginning and end of this time interval. High-density EEG was recorded in parallel and the activity of cortical sources within the theta, alpha, and beta frequency bands was analyzed with standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography.

Results

The results revealed that activity of several cortical structures within the beta-band correlated with the duration of subjective minutes across participants, which highlights the role of the beta-rhythm in supra-second time perception. The sets of involved structures were different depending on eyes being open or closed, while the produced duration did not differ being around 58 s in both conditions. Individual minute correlated with beta power in the left precuneus, left superior parietal lobule, and right superior frontal gyrus (SFG) during eyes-closed sessions, and with that in the caudal anterior cingulate cortex, cuneus, posterior cingulate cortex, parahippocampal gyrus, and right lingual gyrus during the eyes-open condition. Noteworthy, some structures showed tendencies toward opposite correlations between conditions.

Discussion

Taken together, our findings bridge the gap between functional magnetic resonance imaging and EEG time perception studies and suggest reliance on different aspects of subjective experience when judging about time with eyes open or closed.
Exogenous ketone bodies and the ketogenic diet as a treatment option for neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Omori Naomi Elyse , Malys Mantas Kazimieras , Woo Geoffrey , Mansor Latt
Published: December 2024

Background

Despite being the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders, there are comparatively few treatment options available to patients presenting with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The ketogenic diet has historically shown therapeutic utility in treating refractory epilepsy, an adjacent neuropsychiatric condition, in children, adolescents and adults. The following review explores preclinical and clinical literature focusing on the therapeutic potential of the ketogenic diet and exogenous ketone body supplementation in treating common neurodevelopmental disorders.

Method

A narrative review of extant literature was conducted across the domains of perinatal nutrition, ASD, and ADHD. Preclinical and clinical studies focusing on the effect of either the ketogenic diet or exogenous ketone supplementation as a treatment option were included for review.

Results

14 preclinical and 10 clinical studies were included for discussion. Data supporting the use of a ketogenic intervention for neurodevelopmental disorders is mixed. High heterogeneity in study design was noted for preclinical models, ketogenic intervention, and outcomes measured.

Conclusion

Studies evaluating ketogenic interventions for neurodevelopmental disorders remain in their infancy in terms of both the depth and scope of available literature. The safety and tolerability of ketogenic diets and supplements means there would be value in exploring their effectiveness further in clinical studies.
Microglial adenosine A2A receptor in the paraventricular thalamic nucleus regulates pain sensation and analgesic effects independent of opioid and cannabinoid receptors
Authors: Cao Yiping , Wu Zhou , Zhang Moruo , Ji Ran , Zhang Hongxing , Song Lingzhen
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT) is recognized for its critical role in pain regulation, yet the precise molecular mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated an essential role of the microglial adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) in the PVT in regulating pain sensation and non-opioid analgesia.

Method and results

Specifically, A2AR was predominantly expressed in ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1)-positive microglia cells within the PVT, with expression levels remaining unchanged in mice experiencing persistent inflammatory pain induced by complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA). Pharmacological activation of local PVT A2AR with its agonist CGS21680 induced significantly decreased 50% paw withdrawal threshold (50%PWTs) and paw withdrawal latency (PWLs), as measured by the Von Frey test and Hargreaves test in adult mice. Conversely, intra-PVT infusion of A2AR antagonist SCH58261 increased 50%PWTs and PWLs in mice; a robust analgesic effect was also observed in CFA mice with inflammatory pain. Importantly, these analgesic effects of A2AR antagonist SCH58261 were not affected by adjunctive intraperitoneal administration of naloxone or rimonabant, inhibitors of opioid receptor and cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R), respectively.

Discussion

Overall, these pharmacological experiments underscore an essential role of microglia-expressed A2AR with in PVT in pain sensation while revealing a novel analgesic action independent of opioid and cannabinoids receptors. Thus, these findings highlight PVT microglial adenosine A2A receptor as a promising target for novel approaches to pain modulation and future analgesic development.