bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Translators’ Agency in the Translation Network of Chinese Literature
Authors: LIU Honghua
Published: January 2019

Translators’ agency is defined in this paper as the willingness and ability to act after active
negotiations with various actors (humans and
non-humans alike), highlighting the translator’s
power over other actors involved in each translation activity, namely, his or
her intentional acceptance or refusal of the influence from external
constraints. What is being investigated, is not what influence the translator’s agency exerts, but the
extent to which its influence (or ‘weight’) is exerted upon the final product. We bear these
two questions in mind: (1) Does the translator’s agency
influence all stages of the translation process[1]? (2) If it does not, in which stages does it
exert influence and to what extent? Which stages does it not exert influence
and what other agencies exert their influences at these stages? Drawing on
available studies and archival primary sources and adopting Latour’s
Actor-Network Theory to make sense of the findings, this article tries to assess the different extents to which a translator could exercise their agency, by determining the interplay between
translators and other actors in the translation network of Chinese
Literature. The findings of this report are that translators can exercise no agency in the selection, editing and
revision stages, because they can’t participate in these. It is in the
translation stage, that translators can participate and have the chance to
negotiate with other actors. Translators can often exercise their agency to the
largest extent, here, regardless of how powerful other actors might be.
Annisa Suci Khumairah_165100013
Authors: khumairah Annisa suci
Published: January 2019

Dalam interface ini program delphi dibagi bagi dalam beberapa interface. Untuk lebih memudahkan, kita akan membahas secara parsial. Ide munculnya Delphi sebenarnya berasal dari bahasa pemrograman yang cukup terkenal, yaitu Pascal. Delphi adalah bahasa pemrograman yabg mempunyai cakupan kemampuan yang luas dan sangat canggih. Berbagai aplikasi dapat dibuat dengan Delphi termsuk aplikasi untuk mengolah teks, grafik, angka database dan aplikasi web. Secara umum kemampuan Delphi adalah menyediakan komponen-komponen dan bahasa pemrograman yang handal. Untuk mempermudah pemrograman dalam membuat program aplikasi. Delphi menyediakan fasilitas pemrograman yang sangat lengkap. Delphi mempunyai lingkungan pemrograman terpadu intregrated Development Environment (IDE).
PENGARUH PENDEKATAN VALUE CLARIFICATION TECHNIQUE (VCT) METODE PERCONTOHAN TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PKn SISWA SD
Authors: Reinita
Published: January 2019

This study aims to determine the effect of Value Clarification Technique (VCT) modeling method on the studnts’ learning outcome in civic education. This study is a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group. The research was conducted in elementary school Number 13 Cingkariang Banuhampu Sub-district of Agam District with class VA as the experimental class and Class VB as the control class. Both classes have twenty five students. The data analysis technique employed was the normality test and homogeneity test, which was then followed by a t-test to see the effect of VCT. The results show that the average pretest score is 38,768 for the experimental class and 41,488 for the control class. The average posstest score is 90,68 for the experimental class and 86,32 for the control class. The result of the t-test shows that the tcount is 1,73 and the ttable on the significance level of 0,05 is 1,6772, which means that tcount>ttable. Therefore, it is concluded that the Value Clarification Technique modeling method affects the students’ learning outcome in civic education in Elementary School Number 13 Cingkariang
PENGARUH MODEL NUMBERED HEAD TOGETHER TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PKN KELAS IV SDN 10 BANDAR BUAT
Authors: Reinita
Published: January 2019

This research aims at finding out the effects of applying the NHT model toward the students’ learning outcomes of civics subject at class IV. This quasi experiment used the non-equivalent control group design. The population was all 4th grade students of SDN 10 Bandar Buat. Samples were chosen by using the saturation sampling technique in which IVA acted as the experimental class and IVB as the control one. The research result shows that by using t-test with the level of significant of 0,05, tcount = 2,1 >ttable = 2,01 with the mean score of the mean score of the score of the experimental class = 80,9 and the control class = 75,86. Thus, the H1 hypothesis is accepted.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MODEL KOOPERATIF TIPE NUMBERED HEAD TOGETHER TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PKN DISEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Reinita
Published: January 2019

This study purpose to determine the effect influence of the use cooperative type Numbered Head Together to the civic education learning outcomes. This research is an experimental research design with Quasi Exsperimental. The sample in this research is class VA and class VB. The calculation result of research data used was obtained t t-test 2,26 > 1.67722 ttable at α level of 0.05. With it can be concluded that there is significant influence of the use cooperative tipe Numbered Head Together to the civic education learning outcomes of class V SDN 13 Cingkariang Kecamatan Banuhampu Kabupaten Agam.
PENDIDIKAN PROPORSIONAL TAN MALAKA
Authors: PAKAYA NURUL AINI
Published: January 2019

Pendidikan sebagai sebuah proses belajar memang tidak cukup dengan sekedar mengejar masalah kecerdasannya saja. Dibutuhkan pendidikan yang dapat menyerap realita dan mengembangkan manusia agar menjadi pribadi yang berkembang dalam semua aspek kehidupannya, serta menjadi terbaik menurut talenta masing-masing,. Berbagai potensi anak didik atau subyek belajar lainnya juga harus mendapatkan perhatian yang proporsional agar berkembang secara optimal. Karena itulah aspek atau faktor rasa atau emosi maupun ketrampilan fisik juga perlu mendapatkan kesempatan yang sama untuk berkembang.Seorang pejuang revolusioner Tan Malaka menawarkan sebuah Pendidikan yang Proporsional bukan hanya memiliki kemampuan otak tetapi juga mempunyai akhlak dan keterampilan. Sehingga tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengungkap dan mendeskripsikan bagaimana Pendidikan Proporsional Tan Malaka.Penelitian ini dilihat dari jenisnya merupakan penelitian kepustakaan (library research). Dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan pendekatan historis- sosio cultural. Pendekatan ini dianggap relevan dengan tujuan dan objek penelitian ini karena objek kajian dalam penelitian ini merupakan pemikiran tokoh, yang di situ membutuhkan pendekatan historis untuk mengkaji biografi dan peran sang tokoh. Sedangkan pendekatan sosio cultural digunakan untuk mengurai pemikiran sang tokoh dari bagian konteks sosio culturalnya, karena pada dasarnya perasaan, pikiran dan tindakan sang tokoh merupakan refleksi dari sosio kultural sang tokoh tersebut. Persoalan-persoalan yang mendasar dari Pendidikan Proporsional yang digagas oleh sang tokoh, sehingga penulis bisa menjelaskan secara reflektif, analitis dan kritis.Dari hasil penelitian, penulis berhasil menemukan jawaban dari pokok permasalahan. Pendidikan Proporsional adalah: Pendidikan yang memberikan Keseimbangan antara komponen kognisi, afeksi, dan psikomotor atau pendidikan yang menyeimbangkan antara head (akal), Hand/ skill (keterampilan), heart (ruh/hati). Hal ini mutlak diperlukan. Seseorang yang terlalu mengagungkan kecerdasan akalnya tanpa diimbangi dengan kemampuan emosional atau sikap, dan psikomotor akan dapat mengalami kegagalan dalam bersosialisasi dengan lingkungannya. Kecakapan emosi bukan berarti memanjakan perasaan dan mengistimewakan sikap, dalam arti memuaskan dirinya sendiri tanpa memperhatikan orang lain, tetapi mengelola perasaan, sikap, dan keterampilan sedemikian rupa sehingga terekspresikan secara tepat dan efektif, yang memungkinkan orang bekerja sama dengan lancar menuju sasaran bersama.
PEMBELAJARAN PKn DENGAN PENDEKATAN COOPERATIVE LEARNING TIPE GROUP INVESTIGATION DI KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Reinita
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this study was to describe the improvement of student learning outcomes in Civics Learning with Cooperative Learning Approach Type of Group Investigation (GI) in class IV SDN 08 Kampung Pondok Padang. The type of research used is Class Action Research using qualitative and quantitative approaches. The research subjects were teachers (practitioners) and 18 students. The results showed an increase in terms of a) RPP cycle I was 82.14% and cycle II 92.85%, b) Implementation in the aspect of the teacher cycle I was 84.37% and cycle II 96.87% while the implementation in the aspect of students cycle I is 81.25% and cycle II is 93.75%, c) Student learning outcomes in cycle I are 71.53 and cycle II 86.07. It was concluded that the Cooperative Learning Approach Type of Group Investigation (GI) can improve student learning outcomes in Civics Education in Elementary Schools.
Analisis Koleksem Khas dan potensinya untuk kajian kemiripan makna konstruksional dalam Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Rajeg Gede Primahadi Wijaya , Rajeg I Made
Published: January 2019

This contribution introduces Distinctive Collexeme Analysis (DCA) and explores its potential to address a theoretical issue in Indonesian linguistics, namely semantic dissimilarity between a pair of deadjectival causative verbs of the same root realising two causative morphological constructions, which, according to one of the Indonesian grammar textbooks, are assumed to be semantically indistinguishable by many Indonesian speakers; the constructions are [per- + ADJ] and [ADJ + -kan]. Using the pair of active-voiced verbs with the root besar 'big' (i.e. memperbesar and membesarkan) as a preliminary example, we demonstrate that there are substantial distributional and semantic differences concerning the distinctive R1 collexemes of these verbs. We argue that the predominant semantics of the verbs based on their distinctive collexemes reflect two different metaphorical conceptualisations: (i) IMPORTANCE IS BIG for membesarkan, and (ii) the entailment of QUANTITY IS SIZE metaphor, namely MORE IS BIG, for memperbesar.
Privacy versus Open Science
Authors: Dennis Simon , Garrett Paul Michael , Yim Hyungwook , Hamm Jihun , Osth Adam F , Sreekumar Vishnu , Stone Benjamin
Published: January 2019

Pervasive internet and sensor technologies promise to revolutionize psychological science. However, the data collected using these technologies is often very personal - indeed the value of the data is often directly related to how personal it is. At the same time, driven by the replication crisis, there is a sustained push to publish data to open repositories. These movements are in fundamental conflict. In this paper, we propose a way to navigate this issue. We argue that there are significant advantages to be gained by ceding the ownership of data to the participants who generate it. Then we provide desiderata for a privacy-preserving platform. In particular, we suggest that researchers should use an interface to perform experiments and run analyses rather than observing the stimuli themselves. We argue that this method not only improves privacy but will also encourage greater compliance with good research practices than is possible with open repositories.
Critical Appraisal of Governance and Justice: Then and Now in Nepal
Authors: Bhattarai Lokindra Hari
Published: January 2019

Governance and justice strengthen systems in order to support security, economic, politics and socio-cultural progress in the country. Nepal since ancient period of Kirats, Lichhavis, Mallas to Shah to Rana period, to Panchayat system to republican democratic state governance and justice make our civilizations more accountable, transparent, inclusive, efficient and participative. Yet they are inadequate for reflecting development and prosperity. Nepal is the first country in the history of Asia to have made the most comprehensive code of law and justice called Manab Nyayasastra (the code of human justice). Also the first country to practice natural justice –jasko pap usko gardan (one who commits crime is liable to face the punishment). Dharma in the past was one of the method to enhance governance and justice whereas the transparency, accountability, management of human, natural, economic and financial resource and equity promote governance in the federal system in the present days. The paper aims at presenting critical appraisal of governance and justice since period of Dharmasastra to modern federal republican state. It highlights with diverse stakeholders involved in education, human rights, equity, inclusion and empowerment initiatives in federal republican state. Dharma was pillar in the past whereas equity, equality, transparency, accountability, rule of law and inclusion are grains of modern concept of governance and justice.
Historical Review of Mahalaxmi Municipality: An Integrated Development Perspective
Authors: Badal B. P.
Published: January 2019

The history of Mahalaxmi Municipality is starting from Ramayana era, so it is completely a historical settlement, sets back to the timeline of 5000 BC. Archeology Department of Government of Nepal had explored the place and found the symbols of stone age weapons here in Lubhu. Shringi Rishi, who organized the Putresthi Yagya (Embryological Treatment) to give the birth of Ram Laxman – the God, sons of King Dasharath of Ayodhya, India, was born in Lankuri Bhanjyang of the Municipality. Typical Newari settlements of Lubhu and Siddhipur have unique history and culture – completely different from other Newar of Kathmandu Valley. The most beautiful land like gold of Ganga Maharani is Called Lubhu in Newari. Culturally Buddhists philosophy of  Nalanika  Jatak is also associated with the holy land of Serang or Shringi Rishi. The study is based on personal observation, review of old literatures, and Tourism Master Plan 2017 of the municipality.
Mengenal Budaya Batak Toba Melalui Falsafah “Dalihan Na Tolu” (Perspektif Kohesi dan Kerukunan)
Authors: Sihombing Adison Adrian
Published: January 2019

Dalihan Natolu is understood as the identity and rules that govern the social system and as a determining factor in the custom of Batak culture. There are several studies about the meaning and values of this philosophy. This article intended to search and to find the philosophical foundation of Dalihan Natolu. At the same time, this article also wants to show how is “the das sollen” and “das sein” of Dalihan Natolu in the recent time. The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive-interpretative me­thod in the perspective of philosophy of phenomenology and library re­search. The results of this research shows that Dalihan Natolu is the mani­festation of the essence of life of the human being itself and the result of the search for the depth of the life of Batak Toba people. Dalihan Natolu is the manifestation of the nature of the Debata Natolu (Triune God). He be­comes the pillar and guarantor of a harmonious life of the entire order of the Toba Batak culture in order to pursue and reach happiness of life (das sollen). Unfortunately, there have been shifting and deviations of values and also perspective changing about the position of the three func­tional groups in Dalihan Na Tolu itself called Hula-hula, Dongan Sabu­tuha, and Boru (das sein).Keywords: Dalihan Na Tolu, Hula-hula, Dongan Sabutuha, BoruDalihan Natolu dipahami sebagai identitas dan pedoman hidup yang mengatur sistem kekerabatan serta menjadi faktor penentu dalam adat budaya Batak. Tulisan ini memiliki dua tujuan yaitu: mencari dan mene­mu­kan landasan filosofis Dalihan Natolu; dan menampilkan bagai­mana “das sollen” dan “das sein” Dalihan Natolu di zaman “now”. Metode pe­ne­litian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif-interpretatif dalam pers­­pektif filsafat fenomenologi dan penelitian kepustakaan. Hasil pene­litian menunjukkan bahwa Dalihan Natolu merupakan perwujudan hakikat hidup manusia itu sendiri dan merupakan hasil pencarian makna hidup suku Batak Toba. Dalihan Natolu merupakan perwujudan dari hakikat De­bata Natolu (Allah yang tiga). Dia menjadi tiang penyangga dan pen­jamin menuju kehidupan yang harmonis. Namun demikian telah terjadi pergeser­an, penyimpangan nilai serta perubahan cara pandang akan posisi kedu­du­kan ketiga golongan fungsional yang ada dalam Dalihan Natolu, yaitu Hula-hula, Dongan Sabutuha, dan Boru.Kata kunci: Dalihan Na Tolu, Hula-hula, Dongan Sabutuha, Boru
L’Analyse du discours: Une problématique “pluridimensionnelle”
Authors: Sayah Mansour
Published: January 2019

Cet article tente de 'Théoriser" la question de l'analyse du discours dans le cadre très général des Sciences Humaines, d'une part à partir de la question de la définition même du terme "discours", et d'autre part à partir des différentes méthodologies proposées. Le point de vue adopté, tant pour le discours que pour les outils d'analyse convoqués, affectent non seulement la définition mais aussi les procédures d'interprétation et les résultats.
L’Afrique: Une geographie affective dans « Le Cri de Filaos » de Daniel Leuwers
Authors: Jabbour Zahida Darwiche
Published: January 2019

La densité de l'expérience et du dire se conjuguent dans "Le Cri des Filaos" à travers une verbe qui illumine les ténèbres de l'être et présente au lecteur une œuvre d'une haute qualité poétique invitant à une jouissance partagée dans une lecture sympathisante. Avec Leuwers, le plaisir que procure la poésie est essen- tiellement une communion qui ne saurait être transmise que dans la transparence totale de l'être.
Investigation of the microstructure and mechanical properties of NbB2 particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites
Authors: Li Zhi , Pan Wanling , Wang Wei , Yang Ting , Yin Fucheng , Yi Lvlin
Published: January 2019

A mixture of Nb powder and boron salt (KBF4) was added to aluminum alloy melt to prepare particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites at 850°C. Microstructure, fracture morphology, and the chemical composition of the composite were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The average size of NbB2 in the studied composites is found to be about 0.3 μm under optimal process parameters. The size of primary silicon particles is refined from 60–100 μm to 30–50 μm. Tensile testing results reveal that the reinforced composite exhibits higher microhardness, tensile strength, yield strength and poorer ductility than those of the matrix alloy. The fracture mode is found to be brittle fracture, which is mainly dominated by silicon particle cracking and NbB2 particle–matrix debonding.
ANALISIS KESALAHAN BERBAHASA PADA TUGAS MATA KULIAH MENYIMAK MAHASISWA PBSI SEMESTER I UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MATARAM TAHUN 2017
Authors: Niswariyana Ahyati Kurniamala , Nina Nina
Published: January 2019

Abstrak: Bahasa Indonesia mempunyai 2 “slogan keramat” yang selama ini sering kita ucapkan yakni bahasa yang baik dan bahasa yang benar, akan tetapi pada prakteknya ternyata sulit, hal ini tergambar dari bahasa lisan maupun tulisan kita pada umumnya.  Tak terkecuali kita sebagai penggiat akademik, baik pengajar maupun peserta ajar tak luput dari kesalahan.  Pada penelitian ini, penulis menganalisis kesalahan berbahasa pada tugas mata kuliah menyimak mahasiswa PBSI (Program Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia) semester I.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk kesalahan berbahasa pada tugas mahasiswa semester I dalam mata kuliah menyimak, untuk selanjutnya memperbaiki kesalahan tersebut dengan merujuk pada buku pedoman penulisan yang benar.  Penelitian ini fokus pada tugas mahasiswa.Penelitian ini menggunakan kualitatif deskriptif.  Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti akan fokus pada kesalahan bahasa tulis sebagai hasil simakan pada tugas mahasiswa semester I.  Subjek penelitian adalah mahasiswa PBSI semester I. Data diperoleh melalui metode simak dan metode catat. Analisis data dilakukan dengan reduksi data yang kemudian dilanjutkan dengan penyajian data, dan terakhir verifikasi. Penelitian kualitatif menekankan pada proses, bukan hasil atau produk.  Peneliti merupakan instrumen kunci atau pokok dalam penelitian kualitatif.Kata Kunci: Kesalahan; Berbahasa; Keterampilan; Menyimak; Mahasiswa
UJI EFEK ANTIDIARE EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SAWO (MANILKARA ZAPOTA L.) TERHADAP MENCIT JANTAN DENGAN METODE TRANSIT INTESTINAL
Authors: Wahid Abdul Rahman , Wardani Alvi Kusuma , Astuti Rindi
Published: January 2019

Abstrak: Diare adalah suatu keadaan dimana frekuensi defekasi melebihi frekuensi normal dengan konsistensi feases yang encer [1]. Dehidrasi akibat diare merupakan merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian penting pada anak-anak [2]. Penyakit diare masih menjadi masalah kesehatan terutama di negara-negara berkembang salah satunya Indonesia. Dasar pengobatan diarea dalah pemberian cairan, dietetik, dan obat-obatan termasuk obat tradisional [3]. Salah satu tanaman yang berkhasiat sebagai obat adalah sawo manila (Manilkara zapota L.). Tanaman sawo mengandung senyawa-senyawa kimia meliputi flavonoid, saponin dan tanin [4]. Tanin merupakan salah satu zat yang berkhasiat sebagai adstringensia sehingga diduga mampu memberikan efek antidiare. Metode yang digunakan untuk menguji efek antidiare ekstrak etanol daun sawo manila yakni menggunakan metode transit intestinal. Berdasarkan hasil yang didapatkan pada uji aktivitas antidiare ekstrak etanol daun sawo manila dapat diketahui bahwa ekstrak daun sawo manila memiliki efek sebagai antidiare yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai rasio transit intestinal mendekati nilai rasio kelompok normal pada dosis 100mg/KgBB dan 150 mg/KgBB.Kata Kunci: Antidirae; Manicara Zapota L.;Rat
Sohn-Rethels Bedeutung für die Selbstreflexion naturwissenschaftlicher Arbeit
Authors: Hieber Lutz
Published: January 2019

Für ein Buch wie Sohn-Rethels ,Geistige und körperliche Arbeit', das gleichermaßen die marxistische Gesellschaftstheorie wie die naturwissenschaftliche Erkenntnistheorie betrifft, darf keine einhellige Aufnahme in den beiden angesprochenen, arbeit.steilig getrennten Bereichen erwartet werden. Im Gegenteil: die Rezeption eines solchen Werkes wird vorwiegend durch die Sicht der jeweiligen Fächer geprägt .sein und deshalb im gesellschaftswissenschaftlichen Bereich anders stattfinden als in dem, der die Naturwissenschaften und ihre Erkenntnistheorie umfaßt. Da, soweit ich sehe, sich bisher nur die eine Seite in Kritiken an Sohn-Rethels Analyse artikuliert hat, erscheint es mir begrüßenswert, daß mit diesem Beitrag ein Naturwissenschaftler zu Wort kommen kann.
Gewerkschaftsspaltung und Einheitsgewerkschaft
Authors: Lessing Hellmut
Published: January 2019

Mit der Herausspaltung der GEW Berlin aus der Bundesorganisation der GEW und dem DGB ist zum ersten Mal in der Nachkriegsgeschichte der westdeutschen Gewerkschaften der Landesverband einer Einzelgewerkschaft ausgeschlossen worden. Dieser Sachverhalt verdient besondere Aufmerksamkeit, stehen doch historisch die politische Entwicklung der Gewerkschaften und die Entwicklung demokratischer Rechte immer in engem Zusammenhang und ist die Spaltungder GEW Berlin dafür ein wichtiges Beispiel. Im Gegensatz zu den Auffassungen von Isensee/ Neusüß stelle ich diese Problematik ins Zentrum - nicht aus Voluntarismus, sondern weil sie die politische Dimension des GEW-Konflikts zum Tragen bringt und die ungeheure Schärfe einer Auseinandersetzung erklärt. die sich auf die Frage zuspitzen läßt: Wie kann der zunehmenden Einschränkung demokratischer Rechte und der Faschisierungstendenz in der BRD, bei der die Führungsorgane der Gewerkschaften diese als Transmissionsriemen dieser Entwicklung einzusetzen versuchen, entgegengewirkt werden? Das heißt im Hinblick auf die Herausspaltung der GEW Berlin, daß dieser Prozeß mehr über den Zustand der westdeutschen Gewerkschaften aussagt, als daß sie allein durch die Zusammensetzung und die Entwicklung der GEW Berlin seit der Studentenbewegung eine Erklärung findet; sie bringt die in den westdeutschen Gewerkschaften bestehende politische Polarisierung in organisatorischer Form zum Ausdruck.
Eine Einführung in die Geschichte der Krisentheorien
Authors: Shaikh Anwar
Published: January 2019

Dieser Aufsatz beschäftigt sich mit der Geschichte der Krisentheorien. Ganz allgemein meint der Begriff „Krise", wie wir ihn verwenden, ein Versagen der ökonomischen und politischen Reproduktionsbeziehungen im Kapitalismus. Im einzelnen sind die Krisen, die wir untersuchen wollen, solche, die aus dem System selbst, aus seinen Funktionsprinzipien entstehen. Wie wir sehen werden, liegt es in der Natur der kapitalistischen Produktion, ständig einer Vielzahl von immanenten und extern erzeugten Störungen und Fehlallokationen ausgesetzt zu sein. Aber nur zu gewissen Zeitpunkten lösen diese „Erschütterungen" allgemeine Krisen aus. Wenn das System ,gesund' ist, erholt es sich schnell von allen möglichen Rückschlägen; wenn es ,krank' ist, kann fast alles zum Zusammenbruch führen. Wir wollen hier die verschiedenen Erklärungen untersuchen, wie und warum das System periodisch erkrankt.
Die Intelligenz als Potential des gesellschaftlichen Umwälzungsprozesses im „realen Sozialismus" ( nach Rudolf Bahro)
Authors: Damus Renate
Published: January 2019

Die mir bekannten und mir relevant erscheinenden Diskussionen zu Rudolf Bahros „Alternative" hatten insbesondere zwei Problembereiche zum Gegenstand: Zum einen die Analyse der russischen Revolution bzw. der sowjetischen Entwicklung (wobei die These.von der Notwendigkeit bzw. Zwangsläufigkeit dieser Entwicklung vornehmlich zu.hinterfragen ist); zum anderen die Rolle der Intelligenz wie die der unmittelbaren Produzenten im gesellschaftlichen Umwälzungsprozeß (wobei die Analyse der Stellung, Funktion und Rolle der Arbeiterklasse bisweilen als ,,unmarxistisch" hervorgehoben wird). Insgesamt sehe ich die Analyse der sowjetischen Entwicklung - was ihre behauptete Zwangsläufigkeit betrifft - als einzigen grundsätzlichen Mangel dieses bedeutenden Buches an, während mir die Analyse des Verhältnisses von Intelligenz und unmittelbaren Produzenten anhand der Frage nach dem Subjekt des gesellschaftlichen Veränderungsprozesses im „realen Sozialismus" richtig erscheint. Da ich der Bedeutung dieses Buches und der Situation wegen, in der sich Bahro als politischer Häftling schon seit bald einem Jahr befindet, die Gelegenheit nutzen möchte, Bahrosches Gedankengut unter dem Aspekt seiner heutigen politischen Relevanz weiter zu vermitteln, gehe ich auf die zweite Problemstellung ein. Dabei kommt es mir von einer grundsätzlich zustimmenden Position aus darauf an, die Argumente herauszuschälen, die Bahros Analyse der Rolle der Arbeiter und der Intelligenz im revolutionären Umwälzungsprozeß (in den Ländern des „realen Sozialismus") begründen.
Zur Erinnerung an Lelio Basso
Authors: Redaktion Prokla
Published: January 2019

Nachruf
Editorial: Ökologie und Marxismus
Authors: Redaktion Prokla
Published: January 2019

Editorial: Ökologie und Marxismus
Bürokratische Rationalität und gesellschaftliche Synthesis in der Konstitutionsphase des sowjetischen Systems ( 1)
Authors: Süß Walter
Published: January 2019

Die Frage nach historischer Notwendigkeit und Formationscharakter dar sowjetischen Gesellschaft hat durch die politische Entwicklung im letzten Jahrzehnt zunehmende Bedeutung gewonnen: ökonomische Krise und Legitimationsdefizit der kapitalistischen Gesellschaften machen eine alternative sozialistische Perspektive zur politischen Notwendigkeit, wobei das „sowjetische Modell", so wenig es als eineAntwort für zentrale Themen der antikapitalistischen Bewegung (wie Charakter der Arbeit; umfassende gesellschaftliche Emanzipation und Selbstbestimmung; Neubestimmung der Naturaneignung etc.) darstellt, doch immer zu einer - über bloß abgrenzende Willensbekundung hinausgehenden - tiefergehenden historischen Positionsbestimmung herausfordert. Zugleich kristallisiert sich in den Ländern des „Ratsfür gegenseitige Wirtschaftshilfe" (RGW), vor allem seit dem Aufbruch in der CSSR 1968, eine sozialistische Opposition heraus, die lebendiger Beweis dafür ist, daß deren politisch-gesellschaftliche Strukturen an die Grenzen ihrer Integrationsfähigkeit stoßen, daß auch dort Alternativen gesellschaftlicher Entwicklung zur - wenngleich noch durch Repression niedergehaltenen - Möglichkeit heranwachsen. Umgekehrt aber haben sich einzelne „unterentwickelte" Länder, in denen ein weitgehend selbständiger revolutionärer Umbruch vollbracht wurde, wie etwa Kuba, Angola, Vietnam, vor allem politisch in eine Richtung entwickelt, die mit den sich herausbildenden Zielprojektionen der Linken in den kapitalistischen wie den „sozialistischen" Industrieländern wenig gemein hat. Soll der Internationalismus von gestern nicht zum moralischen Kater von heute werden, will die Linke historische Identität gewinnen, ohne ihre Vergangenheit zu verleugnen, will sich diese Linke um die Bedingungen der Realisierung ihres Projekts einer herrschaftsfreien Gesellschaft klar werden, so führt kein Weg daran 'Vorbei, die Gesellschaften „sowjetischen Typs" in ihr „Geschichtsbild" einzuordnen. eur Realisierung dieser Aufgabe soll mit den folgenden Überlegungen (für einen Teilaspekt der Gesamtproblematik) beigetragen werden.
El papel de un teólogo en los medios: rigor y sensibilidad en Olegario González de Cardedal
Authors: Mateos López Álvaro
Published: January 2019

En estas páginas, abordamos la contribución de un teólogo a la sociedad a través de sus artículos en prensa, participación en tertulias y entrevistas. Desde la Transición democrática hasta estos últimos años, nos acercamos a la obra de este profesor, referencia obligada en el mundo de la Teología, en su estilo más ameno, directo e incluso periodístico.
Originalidad e identidad personal: claves antropológicas frente a la masificación
Authors: Rocha Espíndola Martín
Published: January 2019

El último libro del filósofo y jurista Javier Barraca Mairal, titulado Originalidad e Identidad personal: claves antropológicas frente a la masificación requiere de tiempo en su lectura debido a que si bien no es en demasía extenso, por el contrario, sus párrafos procuran dejar entrever diversas afirmaciones secundadas con una sólida argumentación filosófica cercana al denominado “personalismo dialógico”, aunque siguiendo la estela de ideas dibujada por el propio autor sería más correcto referirse a la “filosofía de la persona y del diálogo”, que son de por sí bastante profundas, por cuanto se adentran en los mares de la propia identidad, estudiándola como un misterio, pero como uno razonable y vivible, y quizás esencialmente construible.
Identification of Cytotoxicity of Marine Sponge Dendrilla Membranosa Against L929 Cell Line
Authors: Abraham Joicy , S. P Mahija , George Jency , W. A Manjusha
Published: January 2019

Marine sponges are rich sources of pharmacological active compound. Marine sponge, Dendrilla membranosa was collected from the Vizhingam coast. The sponge extract was tested against eight human bacterial pathogens. The bioactive compounds present in marine sponge were determined by GC-MS analysis. The cytotoxic effect of the sponge was evaluated by using MTT assay. The extracts showed potent anti-bacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pyogens. The bioactive compound present in marine sponge was identified by GC-MS analysis and the compounds are ethane, butane, formate pentane, Alpha d-galactopyranoside, 2-Ethylhexyl2-ethylhexanoate, Hexahydro hexitol, Styrene, Alpha-d glucopyranoside 1-pentyl-2-proppyl-1-octene, nonadecane, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis-2, Octanoic acid. The test material showed none cytotoxic response to fibroblasts cells. The results of present investigation revealed that, Dendrilla membranosa is a potential source of novel anticancer and antibacterial leads.
现代化信息技术与优化在数学教学环节中的应用
Authors: 赵 佑忠
Published: January 2019

近些年随着现代化信息技术飞速发展,信息技术与教育教学的融合越来越广泛,国家基础教育课程改革纲要中明确提出了大力推进信息技术在教学过程中的普遍运用,促进信息技术与学科课程的整合,逐步实现教学内容的呈现方式、学生的学习方式、教师的教学方式和师生互动方式四个环节的变革,充分发挥信息技术的优势,为学生的学习和发展提供丰富多彩的教育环境和有力的学习工具,信息技术与课程整合不断深入,引起了数学教学中学习内容、学习方式的深刻变化,教学手段和教学方法四个环节不断的更新,促进了教师、学生、教材、多媒体资源几个要素构成的教学结构的变革,优化了学生对数学的学习过程。
浅谈云南省国防教育特色学校建设研究
Authors: 李 如强 , 季 绍文
Published: January 2019

高校国防教育是全民国防教育的一个重要组成部分,增强大学生的国防意识,是国家赋予新时期高等教育的重要任务。本文从新形势下加强大学生国防教育的意义入手,分析云南省开展国防教育的现状、问题,并针对建立国防教育特色学校提出了改进措施。
浅谈提高中职数学教师教学技能的有效方法
Authors: 张 光荣
Published: January 2019

中等职业教育作为我国教育体系的重要组成部分,在新时代背景下,推动中职教师教学技能提高具有十分重要的影响和作用。我国中职数学教学工作普遍存在教学质量不高的情况,造成该情况的重要原因在于中职数学教师教学技能相对较低,无法满足新时代中职数学教学工作的需要。本文中职数学教师教学技能的提高方法进行深入探讨和研究,希望推动我国中职数学教学水平的不断提升。
浅谈如何加强信访档案管理
Authors: 刘 志和
Published: January 2019

信访档案详实记录了信访问题发生的时间、地点、当事人及信访处理过程。基于此,本文首先简要论述了信访档案的基本概念,并以树立全新的档案管理理念、促进基层部门协调配合、高效应用信息技术、整合优化资源为切入点,围绕如何强化信访档案管理质量展开深度探究。
Progress in Research on Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte-Associated Antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and Bladder Cancer
Authors: Fang Wei-Ming , Chen Chun
Published: January 2019

Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) was first discovered in
1987 and confirmed to be a protein that is mainly expressed on the surface of activated
lymphocytes. CTLA-4 is expressed on the surface of T cells and binds to B7 expressed on antigen presenting cells(APCs) to potentially play a role in inhibiting lymphocyte proliferation. Inhibitors of CTLA-4 were developed to promote the anti-tumor effects of T cells and inhibit tumor growth. CTLA-4, as an immune checkpoint, has been realized as an important therapeutic target in bladder cancer. Two main CTLA-4 inhibitors are currently used: ipilimumab is a first-generation IgG1 monoclonal antibody that targets CTLA-4, and it is completely synthetic; tremelimumab, representing another class of CTLA-4 inhibitors, is a monoclonal antibody against CTLA-4 that acts similarly to ipilimumab and binds specifically to CTLA-4. The two types of CTLA-4 inhibitors were found to improve the treatment effect in patients with bladder cancer in comparison to conventional agents. To review this topic, we searched recently published related articles.
Environmental Risk for the Freshwater Ecosystem of the Yenisei River with Consequences for Human Health Risks
Authors: Bondareva Serhii Lydia , Fedorova Natalya , Arjjumend Hasrat
Published: January 2019

The long-term monitoring of the state of the freshwater ecosystem of the River Yenisei revealed the statistically reliable content of heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Cd, Cu, U, etc.) in the water, bottom sediments, phyto- and zoo-plankton, and muscle mass of commercial fish (benthos eaters, predators and herbivorous fish) consuming different types of food. The values of the indices of the ecological state of the Yenisei River were estimated to vary from 2.38 to 2.85. The total index of risk for the water, considering the reference doses, amounts to 0.16 for the water, and to 0.47 for the flesh of commercial fish. The total index of risk for the population consuming freshwater and fish from the Yenisei River amounts to IR=0.63. The obtained value of the index is, in general, of no danger for the population health. Though the carcinogenic substances were not accurately revealed, non-carcinogenic substances were estimated to the level of non-threshold risks. The non-threshold risks of non-carcinogenic substances was found 0.017, far lower than permissible limit 0.050. The ratio of reflectory-olfactory effects and total non-carcinogenic risk was found, respectively, 0.01 and 0.34. The integrated indictor was 0.35, which did not exceed the regulatory level (II≤1). Conclusively, the risks associated to various analyzed indicators did not exceed the permissible levels and did not require additional measures of monitoring the water quality.
THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF METHODS FOR PROVIDING AUTOTHERMICITY OF COMBINED FUELS AIR GASIFICATION PROCESSES
Authors: Snigur A.V. , Prazhennik Yu.G. , Marchuk Yu.V. , Bondarenko B.I.
Published: January 2019

For the analysis, a model of combustible mass of combined fuel composed of two components was selected: (a) biofuel, the composition of the combustible mass is averaged based on the analysis of numerous publications on MSW, RDF, SRF of Ukrainian origin and various regions of the world, with Lower Heating Value (LHV) of (22.21Í3.70) MJ/kg; (b) enriched coal from Belorechenskaya mine (Ukraine) with LHV of 35.02 MJ/kg. The effect of co-gasification was traced by calculating the array of indicators of the adiabatic equilibrium state for fuel compositions from П = 0 (coal) to П = 1.0 (biomass) and air flow coefficient values a(min) in the vicinity of stoichiometric by reaction of partial oxidation. To achieve the necessary temperature level of the adiabatic process (1473 K), three variants of technological methods were calculated and compared: an increase in the airflow coefficient, which adversely affects the caloric value of the gas; increase in air temperature, including at the expence of heat recovery of the exhaust gas; adding oxygen to the air, which lowers the concentration of nitrogen, or a combination of the two methods. Optimum values of gasification parameters are determined. Bibl. 14, Fig. 3, Tab. 8.
RESEARCH OF ENVIRONMENTALLY CLEAN TECHNICAL DETERGENTS
Authors: Prokofyeva G.M. , Pisanenko D.A.
Published: January 2019

Problematic places in the modern economy is reckless depletion of natural resources, raw materials and fuels, excessive using of energy and environmental issues. Solving these issues in the gas and chemical industry achieved by preventing formation of the deposits on the compressor’s elements, and also implementation of the non-waste and low-waste productions and alternative energy sources. The deposits on the internal elements of the gas-air channels results in a significant loss of power, increases energy costs, reduces operational reliability of plants, through the activation of corrosion and erosion. So actual is development of technical detergents based on environmentally friendly surfactants and inorganic ingredients that do not contain deficit fire dangerous light oils, and also have high washing ability and low corrosion activity. Effective and non-phosphatic ecologically safe technical detergents (TD) based on polymeric non-ionic surfactants have been developed, as the composite surfactant of multifunctional action CF-10 is considered. The interaction of nonionic surfactants with the ingredients of the contamination of gas turbine aggregates was studied by various physicochemical methods (spectrophotometry, IR spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, electro-chemical polarization resistance method). Bibl. 10, Fig. 4.
DETERMINATION OF THE OPTIMAL SCHEMES OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN CITIES OF UKRAINE
Authors: Zhuk H.V. , Nikitin Ye.Ye. , Smikhula A.V. , Dutka O.V. , Ivaniv O.S.
Published: January 2019

A scheme of solid domestic wastes management is proposed. The scheme includes a separate two-stream collection of municipal waste, sorting, collecting of secondary raw materials, producing of RDF-fuel and storing a small part at a landfill equipped with a landfill gas collection system. With the help of objective data, expert assessments and calculations, the basic material and financial parameters of the main flows of the scheme are defined. The model of material, energy and financial flows is proposed, which allows evaluating the technical and economic efficiency of the MSW complex management. By example of Ivano-Frankivsk city it is shown that even at existing low tariffs for transporting this waste disposal, complex using of «cost» and «profitable» elements allows you to create a self-proclaimed MSW management system. All the technologies involved in the scheme have been successfully implemented in Ukraine. Bibl. 24, Fig. 7, Tab. 9.
PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF WATER-COOLED FUEL (REVIEW)
Authors: Makarov A.S.
Published: January 2019

The perspective of obtaining fuels based on different degrees of metamorphism coals and organic waste has been considered. Coal-water fuel is a highly concentrated dispersed system consisting of a highly dispersed coal fraction and water with additives of plasticizers and stabilizers. Using these additives in the slurry gives possibility to reduce their viscosity, as well as to provide aggregative and sedimentation stability at higher concentrations of the solid phase. To ensure the ecological safety of combustion products in suspension, if it is necessary, products are added such as desulfurizers, corrosion inhibitors. The resulting slurry fuels are highly caloric and environmentally friendly. The suspension fuel caloric content can reach and even exceed the coal energy intensity. Due to this, as one of the components of dispersion medium industrial waste can be used. All harmful organic components decompose and burn at high temperatures (above 1200 °C). Bibl. 25.
RECUPERATION OF HEAT OF INCINERATORS FOR WASTE OF MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Alekseenko V.v. , Sezonenko O.B. , Vasechko O.O.
Published: January 2019

Methods of reduction of temperature of exhausted gases for incinerators and features of their practical application were considered. Conditions of effective usage of recuperation of exhaust gases heat during thermal disposal of waste were considered. Methods of recuperation of exhaust gases heat of medical institutions’ waste were adduced and character ized. Evaluation of potential value of heat in exhaust gases of combustion of medical institutions’ waste was produced. Nonstationarity of the development of heat, typical of incinerators of medical institutions, which influence on coordination with load curve of potential heat consumer, was considered. The method of heat recuperation by heating of air, which is fed directly into incinerator, was offered. The constructive realization of this method and parameters of recuperator under working loads of incinerator were presented. Bibl. 11, Fig. 4, Tab. 2.
INVESTIGATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF MECHANICAL-VIBRATIONAL SOUND ON HYDRODYNAMICS OF A FLUIDIZED BED
Authors: Simeiko K.V. , Sidorenko M.A. , Chumak R.E.
Published: January 2019

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the concept of a heat treatment of a small amount of solid material with the maximum contact of the gas and solid material. The solution of this problem consists in passing the process in a fluidized bed. However, the key issue of this solution is the problem of entrainment of solid material. Among feasible ways of the fluid bed hydrodynamics creation is a sound waves transmission through a solid granular material. A visual study on the fluid bed hydrodynamics creation with sound waves was conducted. The estimation of the impact of the trajectory of the particles on the thermophysical properties of the fluidized system was determined. The exploitation of sound waves should increase the intensity of heat exchange inside and between the solid and gas phases. Reactor design scheme for pyrocarbon coatings creation was developed. This scheme implies a small amount of material to be treated. The results obtained can be subsequently applied in the process of developing new fluidized bed apparatus, when the usage of a gas or a liquid as a fluidizing agent is technically impossible (or insufficiently). The prospects for further research include homogenization of the agglomerate layer by means of sound waves. Bibl. 9, Fig. 4.
INFLUENCE OF THE COMPOSITION AND FUEL PROPERTIES ON THE ENGINE WORKING PROCESS
Authors: Boichenko S.V. , Kukharenok G.M. , Gershan D.G. , Chernyak L.N. , Shkilnyuk I.О.
Published: January 2019

Calculated studies of the influence of the composition and properties of fuel on the working process of the engine have been carried out according to the developed method, includinga computer program for calculating of the working process, models for the flow of fuelin the nose of the fuel nozzle, and the development of fuel steam in the combustion chamber. Regression and graphical dependencies of the specific indicator fuel consumption andspecific emission of nitrogen oxides on the elemental composition, density, viscosity andsurface tension of the diesel fuel are obtained, which allow to evaluate the influence of the above composition and properties on the performance of the process. As a result of the conducted researches, it was concluded that for diesel engines it is better to use buthanol, incomparison with methanol and ethanol, the composition and properties of which provide the best fuel-economic and ecological parameters of the engine. Bibl. 18, Fig. 3, Tab. 1.
ADSORPTION OF SYNTHESIZED NICKEL COMPOUNDS FROM MODEL HYDROCARBON SOLUTIONS ON IRON-ORE CONCENTRATE AND ASH-SLAG MATERIAL
Authors: Manchuk N.M. , Denysiuk I.R.
Published: January 2019

Adsorption of synthesized nickel compounds from standardized test solutions of hydrocarbon(naphthenate and nickel acetylacetonate (II)) has been studied in hexane medium.Synthesized nickel compounds are present in heavy oils, oil products and heavy oilsludge. We have studied the possibility for using industrial wastes (iron-ore concentrateand bottom ash) for adsorption concentration of nickel compounds from standardized testsolutions of hydrocarbon. We have also analyzed adsorption isotherm of nickel from standardized hydrocarbon systems based on iron-ore concentrate and bottom ash. We have calculated the degree of nickel adsorption from standardized hydrocarbon systems for studied adsorbents. Study results can be used for development of the technology of thermal-adsorption demetallization of oil products and heavy oil sludge that would contributeto the efficiency of oil refining processes (the increase of refinery yield, reduction of equipment corrosion and reduction in deactivation of cracking catalysts) and improvement of the quality of oil products. Bibl. 12, Fig. 2.
FEATURES OF THE USE OF HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS AND BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS FOR FREQUENCY STABILIZATION IN POWER SYSTEMS
Authors: Kulyk M.M. , Zgurovets O.V.
Published: January 2019

A mathematical model of frequency and power regulation in power systems with large wind power plants (WPPs), hydroelectric power plants (HPPs), and battery energy storage systems (BESSs) was developed. Using this model, we carried out a complex of studies over a wide range of changes in the power of HPPs, BESSs, and their proportions. Options are considered when HPP and BESS work separately. The conditions under which HPPs and BESSs provide a stable operation of the power system, working separately with satisfying the requirements to frequency deviation in the integrated power system of Ukraine and in the ENTSO-E energy system of the European Union are determined. A series of calculations for the joint use of HPPs and BESSs was carried out, and, as a result, recommendations were formulated on the conditions for joint operation of HPPs and BESSs. Bibl. 6, Fig. 4, Tab. 5.
PROCESSING OF TECHNOGENIC WASTES OF PSEUDOALLOYS WC–CO
Authors: Tulsky G.G. , Lyashok L.V. , Osmanova M.P.
Published: January 2019

The possibility of chemical and electrochemical dissolution of secondary raw materials on the basis of tungsten carbides electrolytes from solutions of acids HNO3, HCl, H2SO4 has been considered. The influence of nature and concentration of electrolyte on the process of anodic dissolution of the alloy WC–Co has been studied. It has been established that the final product of the dissolution of the WC–Co alloy in acid solutions is the higher tungsten oxide WO3. The reduction of the electrochemical process efficiency in the series HNO3 + HF > HCl > H2SO4 has been shown. In order to obtain tungsten carbide or tungsten powder, during the electrochemical treatment of the WC–Co alloy, the introduction of an admixture-reductant in a solution of sulfate acid has been proposed for the preparation of tungsten powder. On the basis of the conducted studies, a working electrolyte has been selected which allows to obtain the target product WC or W. Bibl. 10, Fig. 6.
Andrey Zemskov’s contribution to the success of RNPLS&T
Authors: Shrayberg Yakov
Published: January 2019

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Fast facts! (On Andrey Zemskov’s anniversary)
Authors: Evstigneeva Galina
Published: January 2019

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