bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atrial Fibrillation After Patent Foramen Ovale Closure: Incidence, Pathophysiology, and Management
Authors: Apostolos Anastasios , Tsiachris Dimitrios , Drakopoulou Maria , Trantalis Georgios , Oikonomou Georgios , Ktenopoulos Nikolaos , Simopoulou Chrysavgi , Katsaros Odysseas , Tsalamandris Sotirios , Aggeli Constantina , Tsivgoulis Georgios , Tsioufis Costas , Toutouzas Konstantinos
Published: April 2024

This comprehensive review explores the incidence, pathophysiology, and management of atrial fibrillation (AF) following percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO). Although AF is considered a common adverse event post PFO closure, its incidence, estimated at <5%, varies based on monitoring methods. The review delves into the challenging task of precisely estimating AF incidence, given subclinical AF and diverse diagnostic approaches. Notably, a temporal pattern emerges, with peak incidence around the 14th day after closure and a subsequent decline after the 45th day, mimicking general population AF trends. The pathophysiological mechanisms behind post PFO closure AF remain elusive, with proposed factors including local irritation, device‐related interference, tissue stretch, and nickel hypersensitivity. Management considerations encompass rhythm control, with flecainide showing promise, and anticoagulation tailored to individual risk profiles. The authors advocate for a personalized approach, weighing factors like age, comorbidities, and device characteristics. Notably, postclosure AF is generally considered benign, often resolving spontaneously within 45 days, minimizing thromboembolic risks. Further studies are required to refine understanding and provide evidence‐based guidelines.
Stroke Recovery–Related Changes in Cortical Reactivity Based on Modulation of Intracortical Inhibition
Authors: Harquel Sylvain , Cadic-Melchior Andéol , Morishita Takuya , Fleury Lisa , Witon Adrien , Ceroni Martino , Brügger Julia , Meyer Nathalie H. , Evangelista Giorgia G. , Egger Philip , Beanato Elena , Menoud Pauline , Van de Ville Dimitri , Micera Silvestro , Blanke Olaf , Léger Bertrand , Adolphsen Jan , Jagella Caroline , Constantin Christophe , Alvarez Vincent , Vuadens Philippes , Turlan Jean-Luc , Mühl Andreas , Bonvin Christophe , Koch Philipp J. , Wessel Maximilian J. , Hummel Friedhelm C.
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Cortical excitation/inhibition dynamics have been suggested as a key mechanism occurring after stroke. Their supportive or maladaptive role in the course of recovery is still not completely understood. Here, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-electroencephalography coupling to study cortical reactivity and intracortical GABAergic inhibition, as well as their relationship to residual motor function and recovery longitudinally in patients with stroke.

METHODS:

Electroencephalography responses evoked by TMS applied to the ipsilesional motor cortex were acquired in patients with stroke with upper limb motor deficit in the acute (1 week), early (3 weeks), and late subacute (3 months) stages. Readouts of cortical reactivity, intracortical inhibition, and complexity of the evoked dynamics were drawn from TMS-evoked potentials induced by single-pulse and paired-pulse TMS (short-interval intracortical inhibition). Residual motor function was quantified through a detailed motor evaluation.

RESULTS:

From 76 patients enrolled, 66 were included (68.2±13.2 years old, 18 females), with a Fugl-Meyer score of the upper extremity of 46.8±19. The comparison with TMS-evoked potentials of healthy older revealed that most affected patients exhibited larger and simpler brain reactivity patterns (
P
cluster
<0.05). Bayesian ANCOVA statistical evidence for a link between abnormally high motor cortical excitability and impairment level. A decrease in excitability in the following months was significantly correlated with better motor recovery in the whole cohort and the subgroup of recovering patients. Investigation of the intracortical GABAergic inhibitory system revealed the presence of beneficial disinhibition in the acute stage, followed by a normalization of inhibitory activity. This was supported by significant correlations between motor scores and the contrast of local mean field power and readouts of signal dynamics.

CONCLUSIONS:

The present results revealed an abnormal motor cortical reactivity in patients with stroke, which was driven by perturbations and longitudinal changes within the intracortical inhibition system. They support the view that disinhibition in the ipsilesional motor cortex during the first-week poststroke is beneficial and promotes neuronal plasticity and recovery.
Flow Diversion for Small Branches and Distal Aneurysms of the Posterior Circulation: A Subanalysis of the Post‐FD Registry
Authors: Dibas Mahmoud , Vivanco‐Suarez Juan , Rodriguez‐Calienes Aaron , Cortez Gustavo M. , Mendes Pereira Vitor , Nishi Hidehisa , Toth Gabor , Patterson Thomas , Altschul David , Feigen Chaim , Essibayi Muhammed Amir , Galecio‐Castillo Milagros , Fifi Johanna , Matsoukas Stavros , Kan Peter T. , Hafeez Muhammad Ubaid , Puri Ajit S. , Kuhn Anna Luisa , Wakhloo Ajay K. , Rabinovich Margarita , Khandelwal Priyank , Sauvageau Eric , Aghaebrahim Amin , Costa Matias , Monteith Stephen , Farooqui Mudassir , Hanel Ricardo , Ortega Gutierrez Santiago
Published: April 2024

Background

Flow diversion (FD) has emerged as an effective treatment option for intracranial aneurysms. However, there is limited evidence regarding its safety and efficacy specifically for distal and small‐artery aneurysms of the posterior circulation. This study aimed to investigate the outcomes of FD for aneurysms arising from the posterior inferior cerebellar artery, anterior inferior cerebellar artery, superior cerebellar artery, and the P2 and P3 segments of the posterior cerebral artery.

Methods

This is a subanalysis of the Post‐FD (Posterior Circulation Aneurysms Treated With Flow Diversion) registry, highlighting distal aneurysms in the posterior inferior cerebellar artery, anterior inferior cerebellar artery, superior cerebellar artery, and the P2 and P3 segments of the posterior cerebral artery treated with FD. Aneurysm characteristics and patient outcomes were described for the total series, and a more focused analysis comparing fusiform/dissecting versus saccular aneurysms was performed. The primary treatment outcome was complete aneurysm occlusion (Raymond–Roy class 1). Primary safety outcome was major ischemic/hemorrhagic stroke following FD. Secondary outcomes included functional outcome, aneurysm retreatment, and in‐stent stenosis.

Results

Overall, 36 patients with 36 aneurysms were treated with FD, with a median age of 60.0 years (interquartile range [IQR], 52.8—65.3 years). Of those, 13 were fusiform/dissecting, while 23 were saccular aneurysms. Complete occlusion was achieved in 78.1% for all aneurysms at a median follow‐up of 14.0 months (IQR, 9.3–48.6 months). There was a nonsignificant trend in rates of complete occlusion between fusiform/dissecting (91.7%) and saccular aneurysms (70%;
P
= 0.151). Major stroke was reported in 2 cases (5.6%) and in‐stent stenosis in 4 (11.1%), and retreatment was required for 4 aneurysms (11.4%) There was no difference in rates of major stroke, in‐stent stenosis, or retreatment between fusiform/dissecting and saccular aneurysms.

Conclusion

This study suggests the safety and feasibility of FD for distal aneurysms of the posterior circulation, particularly fusiform/dissecting aneurysms. Further larger‐scale studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
Reorganization of structural connectivity in the brain supports preservation of cognitive ability in healthy aging
Authors: Neudorf Josh , Shen Kelly , McIntosh Anthony R.
Published: April 2024

The global population is aging rapidly, and a research question of critical importance is why some older adults suffer tremendous cognitive decline while others are mostly spared. Past aging research has shown that older adults with spared cognitive ability have better local short-range information processing while global long-range processing is less efficient. We took this research a step further to investigate whether the underlying structural connections, measured in vivo using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI), show a similar shift to support cognitive ability. We analyzed the structural connectivity streamline probability (representing the probability of connection between regions) and nodal efficiency and local efficiency regional graph theory metrics to determine whether age and cognitive ability are related to structural network differences. We found that the relationship between structural connectivity and cognitive ability with age was nuanced, with some differences with age that were associated with poorer cognitive outcomes, but other reorganizations that were associated with spared cognitive ability. These positive changes included strengthened local intrahemispheric connectivity and increased nodal efficiency of the ventral occipital-temporal stream, nucleus accumbens, and hippocampus for older adults, and widespread local efficiency primarily for middle-aged individuals.
Developmental differences in canonical cortical networks: Insights from microstructure-informed tractography
Authors: Genc Sila , Schiavi Simona , Chamberland Maxime , Tax Chantal M. W. , Raven Erika P. , Daducci Alessandro , Jones Derek K.
Published: April 2024

In response to a growing interest in refining brain connectivity assessments, this study focuses on integrating white matter fiber-specific microstructural properties into structural connectomes. Spanning ages 8–19 years in a developmental sample, it explores age-related patterns of microstructure-informed network properties at both local and global scales. First, the diffusion-weighted signal fraction associated with each tractography-reconstructed streamline was constructed. Subsequently, the convex optimization modeling for microstructure-informed tractography (COMMIT) approach was employed to generate microstructure-informed connectomes from diffusion MRI data. To complete the investigation, network characteristics within eight functionally defined networks (visual, somatomotor, dorsal attention, ventral attention, limbic, fronto-parietal, default mode, and subcortical networks) were evaluated. The findings underscore a consistent increase in global efficiency across child and adolescent development within the visual, somatomotor, and default mode networks (p < 0.005). Additionally, mean strength exhibits an upward trend in the somatomotor and visual networks (p < 0.001). Notably, nodes within the dorsal and ventral visual pathways manifest substantial age-dependent changes in local efficiency, aligning with existing evidence of extended maturation in these pathways. The outcomes strongly support the notion of a prolonged developmental trajectory for visual association cortices. This study contributes valuable insights into the nuanced dynamics of microstructure-informed brain connectivity throughout different developmental stages.
The Czech Republic Diaspora Care Institutions and Policies
Authors: Kristek Tomáš
Published: April 2024

The period following 1989 witnessed a resurgence of the Czech diaspora’s involvement in the country’s political life. Rekindling ties with compatriots affirmed their integral role in the Czech Republic, and establishing institutions and policies aimed at diaspora engagement became a key priority. This study seeks to identify the primary areas of concern for the Czech Republic regarding the diaspora and examines how these policies are interrelated. The analysis of engagement policies is based on political-administrative, economic and cultural criteria and is further categorised by the specific areas to which they are directed. The study outlines the principal institutional engagement policies in three key areas: education and culture policy, citizenship, and social support and healthcare policy. It highlights the need for a central institution to manage and facilitate relations between the Czech Republic and its diaspora. The concluding section refers to the requirements of Czechs abroad.
The Moroccan Diaspora in Spain
Authors: Olivar de Julián José Manuel
Published: April 2024

The paper identifies the Moroccan diaspora in Spain, the largest foreign diaspora in that country, and explains the causes for its rapid establishment. After six regularisation processes, which took place between 1985 and 2023, and the ongoing regularisation process in conjunction with family reunification channels, more than 1.3 million Moroccans now live in Spain. This example shows the significant demographic transformations that can result from mass regularisation, the social and political transformations that follow in the host states that enact such measures, and the transformation in external relations with the diaspora’s state of origin.
The Politics of Protestant Missions in the English Overseas Territories, 1660–1700
Authors: Glickman Gabriel
Published: April 2024

Through the later seventeenth century, Protestant missions in English America were surrounded by controversy. Missionaries working with Amerindians and enslaved Africans were accused of threatening the stability of overseas dominions. Crown officials were alleged to have impeded evangelism, and colluded in a culture of colonial godlessness. In modern scholarship, these conflicts have been located within a context of long-term tension between “religion” and “empire.” This article suggests that they were rooted in the transatlantic divisions within English Protestantism, and in political conditions peculiar to the 1660 Restoration. Colonial missions developed competitively and acrimoniously, when the Church of England vied against Protestant rivals in America, and when ecclesiastical policy in England remained unsettled. Battles for converts between Anglicans, Quakers, and Congregationalists stirred disputes over the management of England’s multi-confessional dominions. Simultaneously, they raised questions over how a colonizing kingdom could export the reformed religion, when its own confessional environment was severely divided.
The Forest Withdrawn
Authors: Tan Zi Hao
Published: April 2024

Historical chronicles in Southeast Asia often designate the forest as an area where animals and spirits prowl, where heroes meditate or journey across. But the forest is neither a mere setting nor a passive witness to the unfolding of events. Using nineteenth- and twentieth-century historical chronicles from Cirebon, West Java, this article examines how the forest is storied to mediate the past. Discussion is centred around three narrative topoi: the first concerns the establishment of new settlements, as prefigured through forest-clearing; the second accentuates the forest’s rhetorical function as a site of disappearance during Islamization; and the third analyses the creaturely figure Menjangan Wulung, who sabotages the Cirebonese sultanate and lurks in the wilderness. An inquisitive reading of these episodes reveals the forest to be a historiographical trope. Conceived as a topography of concealment, the forest exemplifies a withdrawn reality where contentious pasts are subdued yet sustained, preserving continuity amidst change.
German Studies: Literature, 1945–1990
Authors: Goll Francesca
Published: April 2024

This is a critical bibliographical survey of academic studies published in 2022 in the area of German Studies.
Dutch Studies: Literature
Authors: Sattler Alexandra
Published: April 2024

This is a critical bibliographical survey of academic studies published in 2022 in the area of Dutch Studies.
Francophone and French Studies: The Romantic Era
Authors: Whittaker John
Published: April 2024

This is a critical bibliographical survey of academic studies published in 2022 in the area of Francophone and French Studies.
The Revealed and the Hidden: a Reading of The Cambridge History of Chinese Literature
Authors: Zuo Dongling
Published: April 2024

In many respects, The Cambridge History of Chinese Literature consciously avoids traditional approaches to the compilation of literary history in order to emphasize its unique understanding of Chinese literature. The innovative approaches described by the editors have yielded practical results, particularly in the attempt to “avoid the division of the field into genres and to move toward a more integrated historical approach.” They chose a new approach to historical periodization, and the book “pays greater attention to the ways in which all received Chinese literary texts are filtered and reconstructed by later generations.” However, there are still some shortcomings, such as the neglect of certain literary genres, the perfunctory choice of the dividing moment between the two volumes, and the subjective nature of the historical reconstruction. Furthermore, two fundamental problems characterize the book’s discussion of literary history: the limitations of the editors’ and authors’ specialized research experience, and the work’s use of recent academic research. The editors also fail to adequately respect academic norms. Therefore, The Cambridge History of Chinese Literature is an innovative and unique work of literary history that nonetheless contains major shortcomings, leaving much room for improvement.
On a Far-Off Journey – a Commentary on the “History of Literary Culture” Approach in The Cambridge History of Chinese Literature
Authors: Xu Yan
Published: April 2024

The Cambridge History of Chinese Literature is based on a “history of literary culture” approach that differs clearly from the standard literary-historical narrative favored by most Chinese scholars. The conventional approach to literary history tends to focus on the most engaging elements of a literary canon, while the history of literary culture model attempts to study literary texts in conjunction with their historical contexts. Based on historical documentation, this approach seeks to rehabilitate literary works that have been misinterpreted over time. With this approach, both texts and contexts are at the heart of literary history. If literary texts are restored to the context of their literary production, we are asked to reconsider the following three important research questions. Where did the texts originate? Why were they selected as part of the literary canon? What are their special characteristics and how are they related to other texts? Answers to these questions make literary research more varied and three-dimensional. In terms of theory, the contributors to The Cambridge History of Chinese Literature clearly aspire towards historicism. In their own writing, however, they seem willing to compromise and follow “a middle way” between conventional and alternative narratives of Chinese literary history.
Is a New Chinese Literary History Possible? A Critical Investigation of The Cambridge History of Chinese Literature
Authors: Shen Yifan
Published: April 2024

The publication of The Cambridge History of Chinese Literature in 2010 stands as a significant achievement in the field of Chinese literary studies within the global field of Sinology. This groundbreaking work challenged the prevailing narratives of Chinese literary history in two key areas: writing style and perspectives of literary history. By employing updated methodologies, the authors addressed the practical question of how to effectively rewrite Chinese literary history. Additionally, they relied on historiographic principles to reconsider the theoretical issues surrounding the nature of Chinese literary history and the reasons behind its rewriting. Through a comprehensive investigation, this literary history offers a theoretical response to the question of what Chinese literary history truly entails. It sheds light on two fundamental compilation principles: the history of history and the history of literary culture. These principles revolve around the three core elements of history, literature, and China itself. By examining the book’s interactions with the mainstream Western theoretical community, insight may be gained into the motivations behind the writing process and the paradigmatic shifts within contemporary overseas Chinese literary history.
Chemical composition and amino acids of Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera Acrididae) fed wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum) or rape leaves (Brassica napus)
Authors: Cao K.L. , Yin Y. , Li S.S. , Li M.Q. , Tajdar A. , Tan S.Q. , Shi W.P.
Published: April 2024

Locusts have high nutritional value and are considered alternative protein sources for humans and animals. Diet can strongly affect the nutritional composition of insects. In this study, the influences of diets – wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings and rape (Brassica napus) leaves – on the chemical composition and amino acids of the migratory locust (Locusta migratoria) were assessed. The crude protein, soluble carbohydrate and triglyceride were analyzed using the Bradford method, anthrone colorimetry, and glycerol kinase chromogenic method, respectively. Additionally, amino acids were determined using cation exchange chromatography. The study revealed that wheat seedlings had lower water content than rape leaves. Although the crude protein content was comparable, the soluble carbohydrates of wheat seedlings were approximately 2.5 times higher than those of rape leaves. The body weight (fresh weight and dry weight), crude protein and triglyceride of locusts significantly increased when fed wheat seedlings compared with when fed rape leaves, with values of 48.08%, 31.58%, 43.83% and 25.00%, respectively. The high water content of rape leaves resulted in the high water content of rape leaf-fed locusts. Plants also affect the amino acid composition of locusts. The eight amino acids (four essential amino acids and four non-essential amino acids) and the total amino acids of rape leaf-fed locusts were significantly enhanced compared with those of wheat seedlings. The essential amino acid index and biological value indicate that the protein quality of locusts fed rape leaves has been significantly improved. These results demonstrate that the nutritional composition of L. migratoria can be altered by manipulating the diet. Insects with controllable nutrients can be provided by insect farms and further studies will improve the development of insects as food or feed.
Epilogue: Asia as a Privileged Space of Inquiry in the Field of Islamic Studies
Authors: Meyer Verena
Published: April 2024

Looking back at the articles collected in this issue, I want to propose that Asia is a privileged space for Islamic studies for addressing three questions in particular that are relevant for the wider discipline and demand a radical rethinking of familiar understandings of Islam as it has come to be represented in contemporary scholarship. First, the highly heterogeneous landscapes of Islamic Asia invite us to consider the significance of cultural, linguistic, and religious complexity in Islam more broadly. Second, while exhibiting the fundamental changes that Asian Muslims have navigated against the background of the increasing reach of colonialism and globalization, the preceding articles simultaneously resist easy dichotomizations between tradition and modernity. And third, a focus on Islam in Asia allows us to reassess established paradigms of transmission with its various infrastructures, as well as understandings of centers and peripheries undergirding such processes of transmission.
A new genus and species of Nabinae (Heteroptera: Cimicomorpha: Nabidae) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber
Authors: MA YAN-NAN , DU SI-LE , REN DONG , YAO YUN-ZHI
Published: April 2024

A remarkable new genus and species, Mecocollaris simplipodus gen. et sp. nov. is described from mid-Cretaceous amber. It is the second fossil record of Nabinae from Myanmar amber. The new species is distinguished from other nabids based on labial segment Ⅲ longer than the combination of segments I, Ⅱ and Ⅳ, hind tibia without clear row of setae corresponding to stiff setae associated with the Ekblom’s organ. By comparing extant species and fossil records of Nabidae, the evolution of the Ekblom’s organ of nabids is discussed.
An Integrated Immune-Related Bioinformatics Analysis in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Zhang Yong-qing , Du Yujie , Wu Junfang , Chen Ruilin , Shumei Yang , Shang Liqun
Published: April 2024

Through combined bioinformatics analysis, the goal of untrrec research was to develop and confirm the immune-related prognostic signature in LUSC (lung squamous cell carcinoma). We constructed an optimized prognostic risk model consisting of five PIR-lncRNAs (AC107884.1, LCMT1-AS1,
AL163051.1, AC005730.3 and LINC02635). To evaluate and verify the prognostic value of the model, we subsequently conducted independent prognostic and mortality analysis on the prognostic risk model. Additionally, we conducted a distinct study of immune cell infiltration in the model among
high- and low individuals. By using co-expression network analysis, we were able to identify 654 immune-related lncRNAs (IR-lncRNAs) and 18 prognostic IR-lncRNAs (PIR-lncRNAs) and derive 546 differently expressed genes and 21 immune-related genes. We proved that the impact of immunotherapy
in individuals in the high-risk category may be lessened through the study of immune escape and immunotherapy. Our findings elucidate the intrinsic molecular biological link between the pathogenic genes of LUSC and immune cells, which has important exploration and reference significance for
the precise and potential immunotherapy of LUSC patients, especially for high-risk patients.
The Role of miR-132-3p in Inhibiting the Proliferation, Invasion and Metastasis of Colon Cancer by Targeted Regulation of PDGF
Authors: Li Chaobin , Lu Kemei , Lang Cuicui , Li Min , Yang Chenggang
Published: April 2024

This study investigated the impact of miR-132-3p on colon cancer cell behavior by targeting PDGF, offering insights into potential approaches for understanding colon cancer development and gene-targeted therapy. The study involved qRT-PCR analysis to assess miR-132-3p expression in
colon cancer and adjacent tissues. Overexpression of miR-132-3p in HCT-116 cells was examined through CCK-8 assays for proliferation, flow cytometry for apoptosis, and Transwell/scratch assays for invasion/metastasis. Pearson correlation analysis evaluated miR-132-3p-PDGF relationship, validated
via luciferase assays. qRT-PCR/Western blot assessed PDGF mRNA/protein levels. In vivo tumorigenesis assays in nude mice confirmed miR-132-3p’s inhibitory effect on HCT-116 cells. Results showed reduced miR-132-3p expression in colon cancer tissues (vs. adjacent tissues), correlating
with decreased cell proliferation and invasion upon miR-132-3p overexpression. Luciferase activity confirmed PDGF as a miR-132-3p target. Additionally, miR-132-3p inhibited tumor growth, while miR-132-3p+PDGF reversed these effects. In conclusion, miR-132-3p regulates PDGF, suppressing colon
cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, thereby promoting apoptosis. This highlights the potential of miR-132-3p as a therapeutic target for colon cancer treatment.
DNA-Based Nanocarriers for Extended Release of NZ2114 Peptide and Epidermal Growth Factors in Chronic Wound Healing
Authors: Mai Zhao-Kang , Zheng De-Zhong , Zhou Tao
Published: April 2024

Chronic wounds, often accompanied by bacterial infection, pose significant clinical challenges. Recognizing this, there has been a growing interest in leveraging nucleic acids as intelligent materials for targeted cargo delivery. Herein, we introduced a pioneering method for encapsulating
the anti-S. aureus peptide NZ2114 and epidermal growth factors (EGF) within crosslinked DNA nanomaterials, creating biodegradable and biocompatible antimicrobial agents with high efficacy. Our research validated that the NZ2114-EGF-Gel could exhibit a specific inhibitory effect on S.
aureus growth while simultaneously accelerating human dermal fibroblasts’ proliferation. The crosslinked DNA nanostructures demonstrate an enhanced capacity to promote wound therapy rates during in vivo treatment. These findings present a prospective avenue for facilitating
therapeutic wound healing.
Effect of Pterostilbene on Regulating LncRNA-Linc00511 Targeting MiR-184 to Promote the Proliferation and Invasion of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Under Hypoxic Environment
Authors: Lai Qixun , Liao Kaifu , Gong Xiangwen
Published: April 2024

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common lung cancers, accounting for more than 85% of lung cancer incidence rates and seriously endangering human health. Increasing evidence shows that some long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) act as tumor suppressors and some promote
cancer. Pterostilbene-regulated lncRNA-linc00511 has been confirmed to be an oncogenic gene in a variety of tumors. This study aimed to determine the biological function of pterostilbene-regulated lncRNA-linc00511 (LINC00511) in non-small cell lung cancer and provide new diagnostic and therapeutic
targets for it. Lung cancer A549 cells were randomly divided into control group and hypoxic group. siRNA knockdown and LINC00511 overexpression plasmid were constructed under hypoxic conditions. Pterostilbene was used to intervene with lncRNA-linc00511. Real time PCR was used to detect the
expression changes of LINC00511 and MiR-184. Analyze and detect the effect on the proliferation and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer cells under hypoxic conditions. Real time PCR analysis was used to detect the expression changes of EMT molecules E-cadherin and Vimentin. Western blot
detected changes in HIF-1α expression. The expression of LINC00511 increased and the expression of MiR-184 decreased in lung cancer A549 cells, and hypoxic environment led to more significant changes in both. After siRNA knocked down the expression of LINC00511 under hypoxic conditions,
pterostilbene was used to intervene with lncRNA-linc00511. The results showed that it promoted the expression of MiR-184, inhibited the proliferation and invasion of lung cancer cells, upregulated the expression of EMT molecules E-cadherin, and increased the expression of Vimentin. The expression
is reduced and the expression of HIF-1α is downregulated. Overexpression of LINC00511 can reverse the above changes. Under hypoxic conditions, pterostilbene was used to interfere with lncRNA-linc00511 to promote cell proliferation in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Pterostilbene’s
intervention with lncRNA-linc00511 could target the expression of MiR-184 to promote the proliferation and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer. Knocking down the expression of LINC00511 can target down-regulate the expression of MiR-184, change the occurrence of EMT, and alleviate the occurrence
and progression of non-small cell lung cancer.
Multiscale Computational Modeling of 3D Printed Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Composites
Authors: Li Xin
Published: April 2024

The printing parameters used during the printing procedure have a significant effect on the mechanical characteristics of 3D printed continuous fiber reinforced composites (3DP-CFRPCs). However, conducting experimental assessments of the material characteristics of 3DP-CFRPCs may require
more effort and incur more costs. Computational material modeling may be used as a viable alternative to investigate the behavior of 3DP-CFRPCs under various printing conditions. The current work used material modeling approaches to examine the impact of different printing settings on the
elastic characteristics of 3DP-CFRPCs. The inherent flexibility of beads is primarily established by homogenizing the pores within the matrix via the use of the Mori-Tanaka process. Subsequently, the elastic modulus is calculated by using finite element modeling on Representative Volume Element
(RVE), which takes into account the microstructure and other printing attributes. An inconsistency was seen in the variation of projected elastic properties across models distinguished by various microstructures, with a more pronounced differentiation observed between intricate and simpler
microstructures. Computational modeling has enhanced our understanding of the elastic properties of 3DP-CFRPCs under various printing conditions. Moreover, it has been shown that alterations in printing parameters have diverse impacts on the pliable characteristics of 3DP-CFRPCs. The impact
of layer thickness on the mechanical characteristics of 3DP-CFRPCs was determined to be more substantial compared to the effect of printing temperature. The application of offset layup printing techniques enhanced the elastic properties of 3DP-CFRPCs, with the degree of improvement varying
based on the orientation. As the level of porosity increased, the influence of pores situated between beads on the overall stiffness of 3DP-CFRPCs gradually diminished, while the impact of matrix pores on the overall stiffness of 3DP-CFRPCs gradually intensified.
Nonlinear Thermal Instability in Nanoliquid Under Magnetic-Field Modulation Within Hele-Shaw Cell
Authors: Manjula S. H. , Kiran Palle
Published: April 2024

In a nanoliquid-confined Hele-Shaw cell, the effect of magnetic-modulation is investigated. The goal of this study is to conclude the work described in Rai et al. [45] for oscillatory convection. The existence of the CGLE42, 43 model is constrained by the condition ω2
> 0 and determined transfer analysis. The magnetic fluxes in Heleshaw cells are governed by CGLE and magnetic modulation limitations. Changes in magnetic modulation can affect heat and mass transfer in terms of modulation frequency and amplitude. In addition, the findings of earlier research
on heat and mass transport indicate that oscillatory mode is preferable than stationary mode. Further, the transport analysis is compared to previous research and shown to have improved results.
Nonlinear Convection Flow of a Micropolar Nanofluid Past a Stretching Sphere with Convective Heat Transfer
Authors: Ibrahim Wubshet , Kenea Gadisa
Published: April 2024

An incompressible, steady combined nonlinear convective transport system on a micropolar nanofluid through a stretching sphere with convective heat transfer was investigated. The conservation equations corresponding to momentum, microrotation, thermal energy, and concentration particles
have been formulated with suitable boundary constraints. By using the required non-dimensional variables, the conservation equations have been turned into a set of high-order standard differential equations. Then, an implicit finite difference method, also known as the Keller-Box Method (KBM),
was used to numerically solve the flow problem. The obtained outcomes are displayed through graphs and tables to explain the impact of various governing variables over velocity, temperature, concentration, number of skin friction, wall coupled stress, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number. The
findings demonstrate that increasing the convective heat parameter Bi enhances the factor of skin friction, local Nusselt number, Sherwood number, velocity field, and temperature profile while lowering the wall-coupled stress. It is observed that for high values of the material parameter
β, the fluid velocity and the spin of the micro-elements both increase, which causes the dynamic viscosity and microrotation velocity to decrease. In addition, as the rates of magnetic constant Ma, thermophoresis Nt and Brownian movement Nb rise, the thermal distribution and its
thickness of boundary layer increase. However, it decline along the enlarging quantities of nonlinear convection parameter λ, Prandtl number Pr, material parameter β, and solutal Grashof number Gm, which agrees to increase fluid density. When the range
of thermophoresis Nt surges, it causes an increment in the nanoparticle species, but the opposite behavior have seen in the case of Brownian number Nb, and Lewis number Le. The comparison made with the related published paper achieves a significant agreement. The numerical result
is generated through the implementation of the computational software MATLAB R2023a.
An Analytical Study of Fluid Flow Through a Porous Filled Channel with Permeable Wall: Suction/Injection Wall Conditions
Authors: Bhargavi D. , Kumar Anil , Anantha Lakshmi Narayana P. , Gupta Nitish
Published: April 2024

To depict fluid movement in a channel with a rectangle-shaped cross-section and porous walls, the twodimensional Darcy Brinkman equation of motion with uniform suction and injection is analytically solved using the perturbation method. The analytical expressions for non-dimensional
axial velocity, normal velocity, skin friction coefficient and pressure drop are obtained using the perturbation method at a low Reynolds number. Graphical analysis has been done for the derived quantities for different Darcy and Reynolds numbers. At higher Reynolds numbers, the emergence
of the velocity overshoots and the presence of an unfavourable pressure gradient zone are significantly less noticeable. The streamlines follow the same pattern since the flow is steady. When the Darcy number is large, the non-dimensional stream function expression reduces to the stream function
expression available in the literature. Non-dimensional pressure drop increases up to a specific entry length. The skin friction coefficient decreases as the Reynolds number increases. Acceleration of the fluid in the porous region leads to lesser skin friction; hence, pressure drop rises.
Critical Effects of Precipitation on Future Colorado River Flow
Authors: Hoerling Martin P. , Eischeid Jon K. , Diaz Henry F. , Rajagopolan Balaji , Kuhn Eric
Published: April 2024

Of concern to Colorado River management, as operating guidelines post-2026 are being considered, is whether water resource recovery from low flows during 2000–20 is possible. Here, we analyze new simulations from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) to determine plausible climate impacts on Colorado River flows for 2026–50 when revised guidelines would operate. We constrain projected flows for Lees Ferry, the gauge through which 85% of the river flow passes, using its estimated sensitivity to meteorological variability together with CMIP6-projected precipitation and temperature changes. The critical importance of precipitation, especially its natural variability, is emphasized. Model projections indicate increased precipitation in the upper Colorado River basin due to climate change, which alone increases river flows by 5%–7% (relative to a 2000–20 climatology). Depending on the river’s temperature sensitivity, this wet signal compensates for some, if not all, of the depleting effects of basin warming. Considerable internal decadal precipitation variability (∼5% of the climatological mean) is demonstrated, driving a greater range of plausible Colorado River flow changes for 2026–50 than previously surmised from treatment of temperature impacts alone: the overall precipitation-induced Lees Ferry flow changes span from −25% to +40%, contrasting with a range from −30% to −5% from expected warming effects only. Consequently, extreme low and high flows are more likely. Lees Ferry flow projections, conditioned on initial drought states akin to 2000–20, reveal substantial recovery odds for water resources, albeit with elevated risks of even further flow declines than in recent decades.

Significance Statement

Increasing temperatures have led to concerns that Colorado River flows will be permanently reduced due to global warming. Here, we analyze precipitation, surface temperature, and streamflow (at Lees Ferry) in the upper Colorado River basin since 1895 revealing precipitation to be the largest contributor to runoff variability while temperature variability has been a much smaller contributor. New climate model projections indicate increased precipitation in the upper basin due to global warming, acting to increase river flows by 5%–7% during 2026–50. This wet signal compensates for some of the depleting effects from further basinwide warming. Critically, the large intrinsic variability in precipitation is demonstrated to yield a wider range of future Colorado River flows than previously foreseen based solely on considering temperature effects.
On the Role of the Meridional Jet and Horizontal Potential Vorticity Dipole in the Iowa Derecho of 10 August 2020
Authors: Hitchman Matthew H. , Rowe Shellie M.
Published: April 2024

On 10 August 2020, a derecho caused widespread damage across Iowa and Illinois. Des Moines station data show that the arrival of the gust front was characterized by an abrupt shift to northerly flow, exceeding 22 m s−1 for ∼20 min. To test the hypothesis that this northerly jet is associated with a horizontal potential vorticity (PV) dipole in the lower troposphere, we investigated the structure of PV in the University of Wisconsin Nonhydrostatic Modeling System (UWNMS) and of absolute vorticity in High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) forecast analyses. This structure is described here for the first time. The negative PV member coincides with the downdraft, while the positive PV member coincides with the updraft, with a northerly jet between. The westerly inflow jet descends anticyclonically in the downdraft, joining with northerly flow from the surface anticyclone. The resulting northerly outflow jet creates the trailing comma-shaped radar echo. The speed of propagation of the derecho is similar to the westerly wind maximum in the 3–5-km layer associated with the approaching synoptic cyclone, which acts as a steering level for resonant amplification. Idealized diagrams and 3D isosurfaces illustrate the commonality of the PV dipole/northerly jet structure. Differences in this structure among the three model states are related to low-level wind shear theory. The PV dipole coincides with the pattern of diabatic stretching tendency, which shifts westward and downward relative to the updraft/downdraft with increasing tilt. The PV dipole can contribute toward dynamical stability in a derecho.

Significance Statement

The purpose of this work is to investigate the structure of potential vorticity (PV) in the lower troposphere in a derecho. It is found that a northerly outflow jet occurs between an east–west-oriented horizontal PV dipole, which is described here for the first time. The negative PV member coincides with the downdraft and is inertially unstable, while the positive PV member coincides with the updraft. This work contributes toward the theory of resonant structures and longevity. The 3–5-km westerly inflow layer constitutes a steering level, which controls propagation speed despite differences in structure. The degree of westward tilt with height is related to the pattern of forcing by diabatic stretching in producing the PV dipole.
An update on stem cell therapy for stroke patients: Where are we now?
Authors: Gordon Jonah , Borlongan Cesar V
Published: April 2024

With a foundation built upon initial work from the 1980s demonstrating graft viability in cerebral ischemia, stem cell transplantation has shown immense promise in promoting survival, enhancing neuroprotection and inducing neuroregeneration, while mitigating both histological and behavioral deficits that frequently accompany ischemic stroke. These findings have led to a number of clinical trials that have thoroughly supported a strong safety profile for stem cell therapy in patients but have generated variable efficacy. As preclinical evidence continues to expand through the investigation of new cell lines and optimization of stem cell delivery, it remains critical for translational models to adhere to the protocols established through basic scientific research. With the recent shift in approach towards utilization of stem cells as a conjunctive therapy alongside standard thrombolytic treatments, key issues including timing, route of administration, and stem cell type must each be appropriately translated from the laboratory in order to resolve the question of stem cell efficacy for cerebral ischemia that ultimately will enhance therapeutics for stroke patients towards improving quality of life.
A systematic review and in silico analysis of studies investigating the ischemic penumbra proteome in animal models of experimental stroke
Authors: Moxon Joseph V , Pretorius Cornea , Trollope Alexandra F , Mittal Parul , Klingler-Hoffmann Manuela , Hoffmann Peter , Golledge Jonathan
Published: April 2024

Ischaemic stroke results in the formation of a cerebral infarction bordered by an ischaemic penumbra. Characterising the proteins within the ischaemic penumbra may identify neuro-protective targets and novel circulating markers to improve patient care. This review assessed data from studies using proteomic platforms to compare ischaemic penumbra tissues to controls following experimental stroke in animal models. Proteins reported to differ significantly between penumbra and control tissues were analysed in silico to identify protein-protein interactions and over-represented pathways. Sixteen studies using rat (n = 12), mouse (n = 2) or primate (n = 2) models were included. Heterogeneity in the design of the studies and definition of the penumbra were observed. Analyses showed high abundance of p53 in the penumbra within 24 hours of permanent ischaemic stroke and was implicated in driving apoptosis, cell cycle progression, and ATM- MAPK- and p53- signalling. Between 1 and 7 days after stroke there were changes in the abundance of proteins involved in the complement and coagulation pathways. Favourable recovery 1 month after stroke was associated with an increase in the abundance of proteins involved in wound healing. Poor recovery was associated with increases in prostaglandin signalling. Findings suggest that p53 may be a target for novel therapeutics for ischaemic stroke.
The Beneficial Effects of Topical Cream Containing 17% of Herbal Extract on Skin Barrier Function: A Randomized Four-week Trial
Authors: Lyu Ji-Hyo , Kim Soyeon , Kwon Kang , Kim Yongkuk , Choi Chanhun , Jeong Hyunwoo , Kim Hyungwoo
Published: April 2024

Background

Skin moisture management is important for maintaining healthy skin and treating inflammatory skin diseases, and skin barrier function can be assessed by measuring trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin moisture content.

Aim

This study was designed to investigate the effects of a topical cream containing 17% herbal extract (Cream17) on skin barrier function.

Materials and Methods

In this study, the ability of investigational product (IP) to improve skin barrier function was investigated in 33 subjects using a randomized and assessor-blinded four-week clinical trial. In our study, the effects of IP on TEWL, skin water content, and the degree of itching were investigated.

Results

After four weeks of application, TEWL was significantly reduced by IP ( p < 0.001), and skin water content was significantly increased ( p < 0.001) compared to non-treated control. In addition, topical application of IP significantly lowered the visual analog scale at the second and fourth weeks after treatment commencement as compared with those in the untreated control group (visit 3 at the second week, p < 0.05; visit 4 at the fourth week, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

These results indicate that Cream17 can improve the skin barrier function, which is important for managing dry skin conditions such as atopic dermatitis.
Feasibility Study of an Assistive Garment for Providing Kangaroo Mother Care to Preterm Neonates
Authors: Murry Lumchio Levis , Gupta Sanjay , Agarwal Ramesh , Sankar Jeeva , Gupta Deepti
Published: April 2024

Objective of the study: This study was undertaken to test the feasibility and acceptability of an assistive garment for providing Kangaroo mother care (KMC) among mothers of preterm neonates.

Study design: An interventional case series design was planned and eight mothers and their babies were recruited using convenience sampling. Feasibility outcomes were assessed using a validated log sheet. Acceptability outcomes were collected by a five-point attitude scale, from the mothers.

Results: The garment supported the baby’s weight and maintained the position of the baby during KMC in all the sessions. Six mothers could express breast milk using a breast pump while using the garment. Most of the mothers voiced positive opinions about the garment.