bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Failed promises of modernization: Temporal trends in religiosity, postmaterialism and Ethno-nationalist attitudes in the Netherlands
Authors: Todosijević Bojan
Published: March 2018

Th e process of modernization is understood to imply changing tends in prevalenceof certain value orientations. Th eoretical accounts dealing with theprocesses of global value changes include notions such as secularization, modernization,and postmaterialist value shift, among others. Th e paper analyzestrends in prevalence of thee basic value or ideological orientations: religiosity,postmaterialism and nationalist attitudes. Th e classical theories of valuetransformation imply decrease in religiosity and nationalist orientations, andincrease in post-materialism. Th e problem is examined using data the DutchParliamentary Election Studies (DPES). Th e Netherlands is an especially appropriatecase to address these problems. Th e trend of the initial sharp secularizationand then persisting religious cleavage is particularly clearly outlinedhere. Th e Dutch have also been found to be among the most postmaterialistnations. Finally, the new trend of anti-immigrant politics has also been earlyand very vividly expressed in the Netherlands, indicating the importance ofnationalist attitudes.Th e main fi ndings indicate that modernization and ‘post-modernization’theories are imperfect explanations for the observed trends in values. Decreasein religiosity is observed only for some indicators, while trends in nationalistand post-materialist orientations do not follow the expected course.
Pop-art and criticism of reception of vacuity (the society) in the works of Andy Warhol
Authors: Vilić Nataša
Published: March 2018

With the advent of pop art and artistic creativity of Andy Warhol arechanged the classic works of reception of art and art in general. AndyWarhol in his artistic action is insisting on the immediate actions andthe naked form - those are so-called the works of “pure” form, whichcreate a confusing gap; whose “content” is necessary to construct, thatis, to invent. That in the opinion of Andy Warhol can only audiencesand critics - with that he actually makes room for interpretation of hisartistic work. Andy Warhol was aware of the existing “gaps of entity”.He wants the freedom which he enjoys in his artistic expression to alsoprovide to the recipient, he is trying to leave his artwork fully open forreading and interpretation. In his quest he comes to the intelligiblesymbolic acts spontaneously. When the artist himself once firmly justifieshis image - he imposes the audience and the lasting perceptionof his work. Andy Warhol observes that in the creation of mass industrialsociety is a source of the anxiety of the West. The causes of thiscondition are different: the money, the androgynous future of man,machines which are replacing man and colonizing his consciousnessand thus enslave him. Andy Warhol wonders - whether the contemporaryart can offer the optimism?! His optimism could be seen as hisopposition to European pessimism and decadence.
One look at the position of sociology of law in Russia
Authors: Vilić Dragana , Nišić Vanja
Published: March 2018

As a sociological discipline that studies the role and place of lawin society, sociology of law was created in the mid 19th century.This discipline studies the conditions and circumstances that leadto the constitution of law and the legal system in one country, thenthe legal activity in society, and the consequences of all forms oflegal action in society. From the mid-20th century in sociologyhave been removed numerous concerns about the social role oflaw, from this period the law is being studied as a normative phenomenon.The paper analyzes the situation of sociology of law, itshistorical development and institutionalization in Russia, as wellas topical issues of Russian theorists. Citing the Russian theoreticianswho dealt with legal and sociological topics, in this paper weanalyze the issues and problems that were in the process of institutionalizationof sociology of law in Russia at the end of the XX andthe early XXI century. In this paper we provide a brief overviewof sociology of law in some countries of the former Yugoslavia asa possible comparison with the state of sociology of law in Russia.
Tanatopolitika i tanatosociologija
Authors: Kuljić Todor
Published: March 2018

Cilj priloga je da pokaže pravce sociološkog istraživanja političke upotrebesmrti. Dva su srodna društvenonaučna diskursa o smrti: (1) tanatosociološki,koji se bavi društvenim nejednakostima kod umiranja, i (2) tanatopolitički,u čijem središtu je politička instrumentalizacija smrti. Pokazana je istorijskaevolucija pomenutih odnosa prema smrti i razmotrena su različita teorijskai metodska polazišta kojima se objašnjava politička strana smrti i njensimbolički kapital. Menjala se vizija smrti, ali i politička upotreba smrti.Najviše pažnje je posvećeno klasno-slojnim tanatološkim razlikama. Klasene pokazuju samo ekonomsku nejednakost, nego i simboličku i kulturnu nejednakost,pa se razlikuju i u odnosu prema smrti. Iznet je nacrt sociološkogokvira za istraživanje istorijskih klasnih interesa koji određuju ideološkuupotrebu smrti.
Sociološki pogled na prevenciju nasilja u porodici i zlostavljanje starijih osoba u Sloveniji
Authors: Lahe Danijela
Published: March 2018

Ovaj rad se bavi pitanjem nasilja i zlostavljanja starijih osoba koji,zbog povećanog nivoa javne osetljivosti i stalnih pominjanja od stzranevladinih i nevladinih institucija, postaje predmet sa povećanompažnjom. Autor se fokusira na nasilje u porodici i sadašnje zlostavljanjei opisuje različite načine moguće zaštite od nasilja i zlostavljanjastarijih osoba sa aspektima zakona, ljudskih prava i uloge slovenačkepolicije.
Capacity Utilization in Indonesia: Time to Invest
Authors: Ishihara Yoichiro , Marks Daan
Published: March 2018

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Regional Discrepancy in Agricultural Development in Indonesia
Authors: Tarmidi Lepi T.
Published: March 2018

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Regional Convergence and Indonesia Economic Dynamics
Authors: Vidyattama Yogi
Published: March 2018

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Scale Externalities in Indonesia
Authors: Kuncoro Ari
Published: March 2018

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Economic and Environmental Impact of Trade Liberalization in Manufacturing Sector
Authors: Widodo Tri
Published: March 2018

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Does Asymmetric Information Model Help in Explaining Sharecropping in Agrarian Economy? A Literature Survey
Authors: Shidiq Akhmad Rizal
Published: March 2018

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Stochastic Gravity Model and Trade Efficiency for lndonesia
Authors: Irhami Milda
Published: March 2018

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Some Reflections on Professor Boeke's Theory of Dualistic Economies
Authors: Sadli Mohammad
Published: March 2018

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Punctuations in Emerging Markets: Regime Change and Family Firm Responses in lndonesia
Authors: Dieleman Marleen , Post Peter
Published: March 2018

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Widjojo Nitisastro, the Praxis of Development in Indonesia and Its Comparison with Allison Ayida of Nigeria
Authors: Tirtosudarmo Riwanto
Published: March 2018

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Estimates of the "Green" or "Eco" Regional Domestic Product of Indonesian Provinces for the Year 2005
Authors: Yusuf Arief Anshory
Published: March 2018

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Unveiling Stubborn Inflation in lndonesia
Authors: Affandi Yoga
Published: March 2018

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The Seasonality of Market Integration: The Case of Indonesia's Stock Markets
Authors: Halim Shieldvie , Brahmana Rayenda , Herwany Aldrin
Published: March 2018

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The lmpact of Renewable Energy and GDP per Capita on Carbon Dioxide Emission in the G-20 Countries
Authors: Zaekhan Zaekhan , Nachrowi Nachrowi D.
Published: March 2018

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Environmental Kuznets Curve: Panel Data Evidence from Developing Countries
Authors: Sambodo Maxensius Tri , Lestari Esta
Published: March 2018

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Pragmatism and Nationalism: Industrialization Policy in Indonesia and Nigeria
Authors: Fuady Ahmad Helmy
Published: March 2018

This paper examines industrialization policy in two oil giant economies, Indonesia and Nigeria. What are the key features of continued economic divergence in these two countries since the 1980s? It shows that Indonesia’s policy-makers adopted a series of liberalization measures and switched to an export-oriented strategy to develop manufacturing industries from the mid-1980s, while Nigeria’s policy-makers was reluctant to do so. This paper also seeks to understand the rationale behind the different policy choices. This paper argues that policy-makers’ experience and educational background are possible explanation to the different industrialization policies in these two countries.
Indonesia’s Dynamic Electricity Power Sector: Investigating Need and Supply Performance
Authors: Adam Latif , Sambodo Maxensius Tri
Published: March 2018

This paper analyzes the development and problems of electricity sector in Indonesia. After the economic crisis of 1997/98, investment in power sector has been decreasing. Minimizing transmission and distribution loss can increase reliability and quality of power supply, improve financial capacity, and reduce electricity subsidy. Electrification ratio and electric power consumption per capita need to be improved equally among provinces. Promoting public private partnership (PPP) can boost investment. Main policy challenges need to be addressed are that government needs to (1) provide information on the investment prospects; (2) solve social aspect of the project; and (3) provide practical guide in land acquisition.
Current Account and Real Exchange Rate Dynamics in Indonesia
Authors: Mochtar Firman , Affandi Yoga
Published: March 2018

We analyze the role of both permanent and temporary factors in affecting the Indonesian current account and real exchange dynamics before and after 2000. Adopting Lee and Chinn (1998; 2006) approach as well as Chinn et al. (2007), two results stand out. First, we confirm that the behavior of the real exchange rate has altered since 2000. Identifications show that permanent shocks are the primary causes for the movement of the real exchange rate after 2000, while in the period before 2000, the Indonesian real exchange rate changes are characterized by greater dominance of temporary shocks. The apparent change in the real exchange rate behavior may be strongly justified by the implementation of free-floating exchange rate system since August 1997. Second, the shift of the real exchange rate behavior after 2000 does not necessarily affect the current account dynamics. Empirical evidence confirms that the variance of current account post 2000 remains largely due to temporary shocks. Albeit having increasing influence, permanent shocks have insignificant effect in explaining fluctuations of the current account. In this sense, the current account surplus after 2000 is attributed largely to nominal variables such as price increase, while the impact of productivity improvement is still limited.Keywords: Current Account; Real Exchange Rate; Asian Crises 1997/1998AbstrakKami menganalisa peranan faktor permanen dan temporer dalam memengaruhi neraca berjalan dan dinamika nilai tukar mata uang riil Indonesia sebelum dan setelah tahun 2000. Mengadopsi pendekatan Lee dan Chinn (1998; 2006) serta Chinn et al. (2007), telah diperoleh dua kesimpulan. Pertama, kami mengonfirmasi bahwa pola nilai tukar mata uang riil telah berubah sejak tahun 2000. Identifikasi menunjukkan bahwa shock permanen adalah penyebab utama pergerakan nilai tukar mata uang riil setelah tahun 2000, sedangkan di periode sebelum tahun 2000 perubahan nilai tukar mata uang riil dicirikan oleh dominansi shock temporer. Perubahan pola nilai tukar mata uang tersebut dapat berakar dari penerapan sistem nilai tukar mengambang bebas sejak Agustus 1997. Kedua, perubahan pola nilai tukar mata uang setelah tahun 2000 tidak serta merta memengaruhi dinamika neraca berjalan. Bukti empiris mengonfirmasi bahwa variansi neraca berjalan setelah tahun 2000 tetap disebabkan utamanya oleh shock temporer. Meskipun menunjukkan peningkatan pengaruh, shock permanen memiliki pengaruh yang tidak signifikan dalam menjelaskan fluktuasi neraca berjalan. Atau dalam kata lain, surplus neraca berjalan setelah tahun 2000 dapat diatribusikan kepada variabel nominal seperti kenaikan harga, sedangkan pengaruh peningkatan produktivitas masih cenderung terbatas.Kata kunci: Neraca Transaksi Berjalan; Nilai Tukar Riil; Krisis Asia 1997/1998JEL classifications: F31; F41
Unequal Impact of Price Changes in Indonesia
Authors: Pratikto Rulyusa , Ikhsan Mohamad , Mahi Benedictus Raksaka
Published: March 2018

The main idea of this study is to determine the impact of relative inflation on poverty incidents and to investigate whether inflation inequality has occurred in Indonesia. Interesting results were found at regional level. Firstly, Jakarta had different poverty response with respect to price increases. Processed food and transportation inflation were more imperative for the poor in Jakarta. Secondly, the poor in province with low poverty figures were more prone to inflation. In general, the results show that food inflation has the major adverse impact on the poor. Moreover, we found that inflation in Indonesia has not been pro-poor.AbstrakTujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan dampak dari perubahan harga terhadap kemiskinan, serta juga untuk mengetahui apakah terjadi ketimpangan inflasi di Indonesia. Hasil yang menarik diperoleh dari analisa pada tingkat provinsi. Pertama, kemiskinan pada provinsi Jakarta memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda. Inflasi pada makanan jadi dan transportasi justru memiliki dampak yang lebih merugikan masyarakat miskin. Kedua, masyarakat miskin yang berada di provinsi dengan tingkat kemiskinan relatif rendah justru lebih sensitif terhadap inflasi. Secara umum, inflasi bahan makanan merupakan faktor terbesar dalam peningkatan kemiskinan. Selain itu, masyarakat miskin telah mengalami total inflasi yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan masyarakat tidak miskin.Kata kunci: Kemiskinan; Inflasi; Elastisitas Harga terhadap Kemiskinan; Pro-Poor Price Index; Price Index for the PoorJEL classifications: E3; I3; O1; R2
Middle Class and Democracy: An Assessment on the 2014 Indonesian’s Presidential Election
Authors: Sambodo Maxensius Tri
Published: March 2018

This paper aims to assess the role of middle class in Indonesia’s democracy, with the particular focus of the last Indonesian Presidential election. This study uses econometric analyses to assess preferences of middle class in presidential election by exploring data at district/city and provincial. The main finding in this study strongly suggests that religious and personality are still important elements under the race of Indonesia president. This study also found that different group of middle class has different attitudes in selecting the presidential candidate and the upper group of middle class is more likely to select Joko Widodo. Finally, a fragile middle class and a relatively high number of abstainers could be a barrier toward more substantive democracy.AbstrakMakalah ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran kelompok kelas menengah dalam proses demokrasi di Indonesia, secara khusus peran mereka difokuskan pada hasil pemilihan presiden yang terakhir. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan ekonometrik untuk mengalisis preferensi kelompok kelas menengah dalam memilih calon presiden, dengan melakukan eksplorasi data pada tingkat kabupaten/kota dan provinsi. Hasil studi menunjukkan, agama dan personalitas calon presiden menjadi faktor penting dalam pertarungan pemilihan presiden. Studi ini juga menunjukkan, berbagai kelompok dalam kelas menengah memiliki preferensi yang berbeda dalam memilih kandidat presiden dan kelompok kelas menengah atas cenderung memilih Joko Widodo. Akhirnya, kelas menengah yang rentan dan tingginya kelompok yang abstain, akan menjadi hambatan untuk menuju demokrasi yang lebih substantif.Kata kunci: Kelas Menengah; Demokrasi; Pemilihan Presiden; IndonesiaJEL classifications: A12; C33
Discharge Estimation in Ungauged Basins Through Variational Data Assimilation: The Potential of the SWOT Mission
Authors: Oubanas H. , Gejadze I. , Malaterre P.‐O. , Durand M. , Wei R. , Frasson R. P. M. , Domeneghetti A.
Published: March 2018

Space‐borne instruments can measure river water surface elevation, slope, and width. Remote sensing of river discharge in ungauged basins is far more challenging, however. This work investigates the estimation of river discharge from simulated observations of the forthcoming Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite mission using a variant of the classical variational data assimilation method “4D‐Var.” The variational assimilation scheme simultaneously estimates discharge, river bathymetry, and bed roughness in the context of a 1.5 D full Saint‐Venant hydraulic model. Algorithms and procedures are developed to apply the method to fully ungauged basins. The method was tested on the Po and Sacramento Rivers. The SWOT hydrology simulator was used to produce synthetic SWOT observations at each overpass time by simulating the interaction of SWOT radar measurements with the river water surface and nearby land surface topography at a scale of approximately 1 m, thus accounting for layover, thermal noise, and other effects. SWOT data products were synthesized by vectorizing the simulated radar returns, leading to height and width estimates at 200 m increments along the river centerlines. The ingestion of simulated SWOT data generally led to local improvements on prior bathymetry and roughness estimates which allowed the prediction of river discharge at the overpass times with relative root mean squared errors of 12.1% and 11.2% for the Po and Sacramento Rivers, respectively. Nevertheless, equifinality issues that arise from the simultaneous estimation of bed elevation and roughness may prevent their use for different applications, other than discharge estimation through the presented framework.
Cognitive processes underlying the text‐belief consistency effect: An eye‐movement study
Authors: Maier Johanna , Richter Tobias , Britt M. Anne
Published: March 2018

Readers' memory for belief‐consistent texts is often stronger than for belief‐inconsistent texts (text‐belief consistency effect). However, presenting belief‐consistent and belief‐inconsistent texts alternatingly reduces the discrepancy between the memory strengths of belief‐consistent and belief‐inconsistent texts. The present study used eye tracking to examine the cognitive processes underlying the text‐belief consistency effect and how it is moderated by the mode of presentation. At 2 points of measurement, 41 university students read 2 belief‐consistent and 2 belief‐inconsistent texts on 2 scientific issues blocked or alternatingly. Comprehension outcomes were assessed with an essay task. First‐pass rereading times were longer for belief‐inconsistent information for participants with strong beliefs. A blocked presentation increased this effect and yielded longer first‐pass rereading times for belief‐inconsistent claims and a text‐belief consistency effect in the essay task. An alternating presentation increased immediate and delayed processing of belief‐inconsistent information and reduced the text‐belief consistency effect, especially in readers making more lookbacks.
Using principles of cognitive science to improve science learning in middle school: What works when and for whom?
Authors: Schunn Christian D. , Newcombe Nora S. , Alfieri Louis , Cromley Jennifer G. , Massey Christine , Merlino Joseph F.
Published: March 2018

Four principles of cognitive science were used to make systematic revisions in middle school science instructional modules from two kinds of curriculum: one popular textbook series and one popular hands‐on series (two modules each). Schools were randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 arms (cognitive science modifications with professional development, active control with professional development, or business‐as‐usual). Two cohorts of students were followed in each arm for each setting. There were significant benefits of the cognitive science intervention, but the nature of effects varied for the two settings and curricula. For the text‐based curriculum, positive effects of cognitive science modifications were concentrated in classrooms with lower proportions of underrepresented minority students. For the hands‐on curriculum, there were positive effects that were not linked to school composition. Participation in the active control did not significantly improve student learning. Implications for policy and research are discussed.
An exploration of psychological and physical injury schemas in civil cases
Authors: Vallano Jonathan P. , McQuiston Dawn E.
Published: March 2018

Civil plaintiffs often seek compensation for their psychological injuries. Yet little is known about jurors' preconceived notions (or schemas) for a prospective plaintiff's pain and suffering. The present studies examined (a) whether jurors have psychological injury schemas (Studies 1 and 2), (b) whether their existence and development vary by the type of civil case (Studies 1 and 2) or its severity (Study 2), and (c) how psychological injury schemas compare with physical injury schemas on a number of theoretically and legally relevant judgments (e.g., injury severity, availability, and plaintiff credibility; Study 2). Study 1 (N = 233) presented undergraduate mock jurors with 2 negligence incidents (car accident and slip and fall) and 2 intentional tort incidents (sexual assault and kidnapping) and asked them to report the typical incident and injuries that would result from the defendant's conduct. Results supported the sparse existence of psychological injury schemas but found that they were more developed in the kidnapping and sexual assault incidents than in the car accident and slip and fall incidents. Study 2 (N = 288) additionally manipulated incident schema severity (mild vs. severe) while having participants separately report and rate their psychological and physical injury schemas on judgments of legal and theoretical interest. Results indicated that although mock jurors' psychological injury schemas contained fewer injuries than their physical injury schemas, the reported psychological injuries were rated as more severe than physical injuries. We discuss how schemas may underlie the disparate treatment of psychological and physical injuries by legal decision‐makers.
Centrality ratings, forensic relevance, and production frequency: Which one best identifies central and peripheral items?
Authors: Luna Karlos , Albuquerque Pedro B.
Published: March 2018

Production frequency has often been used to identify central and peripheral information, under the assumption that high frequency implies that the item is central. However, no research to date has tested the relationship between centrality and frequency. Participants watched a video of a bank robbery and completed a free recall test, from which frequency for recalled items was computed. Two groups then watched the same video and rated centrality and forensic relevance for each item. Results showed that most, but not all, items with high frequency were rated as central and forensically relevant but that low frequency items were not diagnostic of either item centrality or forensic relevance. Forensic relevance was a better indicator of item centrality than frequency. We concluded that frequency measures should be avoided to determine centrality. Also, if centrality ratings cannot be collected, forensic relevance ratings may be more appropriate for this purpose.
Advances in 3D Bioprinting for Neural Tissue Engineering
Authors: Lee Se‐Jun , Esworthy Timothy , Stake Seth , Miao Shida , Zuo Yi Y. , Harris Brent T. , Zhang Lijie Grace
Published: March 2018

Current therapies for nerve regeneration within injured tissues have had limited success due to complicated neural anatomy and inhibitory barriers in situ. Recent advancements in 3D bioprinting technologies have enabled researchers to develop novel 3D scaffolds with complex architectures in an effort to mitigate the challenges that beset reliable and defined neural tissue regeneration. Among several possible neuroregenerative treatment approaches that are being explored today, 3D bioprinted scaffolds have the unique advantage of being highly modifiable, which promotes greater resemblance to the native biological architecture of in vivo systems. This high architectural similarity between printed constructs and in vivo structures is thought to facilitate a greater capacity for repair of damaged nerve tissues. In this review, advances of several 3D bioprinting methods are introduced, including laser bioprinting, inkjet bioprinting, and extrusion‐based printing. In addition, the emergence of 4D printing is discussed, which adds a dimension of transformation over time to traditional 3D printing. Finally, an overview of emerging trends in advanced bioprinting materials is provided and their therapeutic potential for application in neural tissue regeneration is evaluated in both the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.
Size/Charge Changeable Acidity‐Responsive Micelleplex for Photodynamic‐Improved PD‐L1 Immunotherapy with Enhanced Tumor Penetration
Authors: Dai Liangliang , Li Ke , Li Menghuan , Zhao Xiaojing , Luo Zhong , Lu Lu , Luo Yanfeng , Cai Kaiyong
Published: March 2018

The checkpoint blockade‐based immunotherapy has recently emerged as a promising approach for tumor treatment, but its clinical implementation has been impeded by poor tumor penetration of the nanocarriers and activation of antitumor immune response. To overcome the obstacles, a tumor acidity‐responsive micellar nanocomplex co‐loaded with programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1)‐blockade siRNA and mitochondrion‐targeting photosensitizer for the synergistic integration of photodynamic therapy and immunotherapy is reported in the present study. The nanosystem is coated with long‐circulating polyethylene glycol (PEG) shells, which can be shed in response to the weakly acidic tumor microenvironment and lead to significant size reduction and increasing positive charge. These transitions facilitate penetration and uptake of nanocarriers against tumors. Subsequently, under the mild acidic endo/lysosome condition, the micellar nanocomplexes are rapidly protonated and disintegrated to release the PD‐L1‐blockade siRNA and photosensitizer through sponge effect. Results from in vitro and in vivo experiments collectively reveal that the nanosystem efficiently activates a photodynamic therapy‐induced immune response and silences immune resistance mediated by the checkpoint gene PD‐L1. In consequence, melanoma growth is inhibited and the recurrence rate is reduced via triggering systemic antitumor immune responses. This study offers an alternative strategy for the development of efficient antitumor immune therapy.
Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells via Dual Functionalization of Dopamine Semiquinone Radical with Improved Trap Passivation Capabilities
Authors: Xue Qifan , Liu Meiyue , Li Zhenchao , Yan Lei , Hu Zhicheng , Zhou Jiawen , Li Wenqiang , Jiang Xiao‐Fang , Xu Baomin , Huang Fei , Li Yuan , Yip Hin‐Lap , Cao Yong
Published: March 2018

Highly efficient planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) with dopamine (DA) semiquinone radical modified poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) (DA‐PEDOT:PSS) as a hole transporting layer (HTL) were fabricated. A combination of characterization techniques were employed to investigate the effects of DA doping on the electron donating capability of DA‐PEDOT:PSS, perovskite film quality and charge recombination kinetics in the solar cells. Our study shows that DA doping endows the DA‐PEDOT:PSS‐modified PVSCs with a higher radical content and greater perovskite to HTL charge extraction capability. In addition, the DA doping also improves work function of the HTL, increases perovskite film crystallinity, and the amino and hydroxyl groups in DA can interact with the undercoordinated Pb atoms on the perovskite crystal, reducing charge‐recombination rate and increasing charge‐extraction efficiency. Therefore, the DA‐PEDOT:PSS‐modified solar cells outperform those based on PEDOT:PSS, increasing open‐circuit voltage (V
oc) and power conversion efficiency (PCE) to 1.08 V and 18.5%, respectively. Even more importantly, the efficiency of the unencapsulated DA‐PEDOT:PSS‐based PVSCs are well retained with only 20% PCE loss after exposure to air for 250 hours. These in‐depth insights into structure and performance provide clear and novel guidelines for the design of effective HTLs to facilitate the practical application of inverted planar heterojunction PVSCs.
Epitaxial Growth of Honeycomb Monolayer CuSe with Dirac Nodal Line Fermions
Authors: Gao Lei , Sun Jia‐Tao , Lu Jian‐Chen , Li Hang , Qian Kai , Zhang Shuai , Zhang Yu‐Yang , Qian Tian , Ding Hong , Lin Xiao , Du Shixuan , Gao Hong‐Jun
Published: March 2018

2D transition metal chalcogenides have attracted tremendous attention due to their novel properties and potential applications. Although 2D transition metal dichalcogenides are easily fabricated due to their layer‐stacked bulk phase, 2D transition metal monochalcogenides are difficult to obtain. Recently, a single atomic layer transition metal monochalcogenide (CuSe) with an intrinsic pattern of nanoscale triangular holes is fabricated on Cu(111). The first‐principles calculations show that free‐standing monolayer CuSe with holes is not stable, while hole‐free CuSe is endowed with the Dirac nodal line fermion (DNLF), protected by mirror reflection symmetry. This very rare DNLF state is evidenced by topologically nontrivial edge states situated inside the spin–orbit coupling gaps. Motivated by the promising properties of hole‐free honeycomb CuSe, monolayer CuSe is fabricated on Cu(111) surfaces by molecular beam epitaxy and confirmed success with high resolution scanning tunneling microscopy. The good agreement of angle resolved photoemission spectra with the calculated band structures of CuSe/Cu(111) demonstrates that the sample is monolayer CuSe with a honeycomb lattice. These results suggest that the honeycomb monolayer transition metal monochalcogenide can be a new platform to study 2D DNLFs.
How to Design a Self‐Healing Polymer: General Concepts of Dynamic Covalent Bonds and Their Application for Intrinsic Healable Materials
Authors: Dahlke Jan , Zechel Stefan , Hager Martin D. , Schubert Ulrich S.
Published: March 2018

In this work, the fundamental design principles of intrinsic self‐healing, polymeric materials with reversible, covalent bonds are described and summarized. The most important properties with regard to the healing ability and potential applications are discussed. A classification of synthetic strategies toward polymers as well as polymer networks and their effect on the properties is given to gain further insight into known design strategies for healable materials. In order to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of different covalent bonding types, recent examples of intrinsic healable polymers are compared and evaluated. In addition, the unique behavior of vitrimers as a new type of polymer networks is explained. In the end, a short outlook on future work in the field of self‐healing polymers concludes this review.
ZnO as photocatalyst for photoinduced electron transfer–reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer of methyl methacrylate
Authors: Liang Enxiang , Liu Mu‐sheng , He Binhong , Wang Guo‐Xiang
Published: March 2018

In this article, photoinduced electron transfer–reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (PET‐RAFT) polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) was investigated at moderate temperature in N,N‐dimethylformamide with ZnO as photocatalyst. The polymerization has a living characteristic: a linear increase in molecular weight (Mn,GPC), good agreement between experimental (Mn,GPC) and theoretical molecular weights (Mn,th), a decrease in molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) with increasing monomer conversion, and chain extension. The PET‐RAFT polymerization of MMA can be regulated by switching “ON” and “OFF” the light.
Incorporation of magnetite particles in 3D matrices made from the blends of collagen, chitosan, and hyaluronic acid
Authors: Sionkowska Alina , Grabska Sylwia
Published: March 2018

In this study, 3D biopolymeric materials based on the blends of collagen (Coll), chitosan (CTS), and hyaluronic acid (HA) were prepared by lyophilization technique. Magnetic particles synthesized by precipitation of iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate and iron (III) chloride hexahydrate in an aqueous solution of chitosan were added to a biopolymer mixture. Dialdehyde starch (DAS) was used as a cross‐linking agent for the materials. The structure of the obtained materials was studied using infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope imaging. The properties of the 3D materials such as density, porosity, swelling ability and mechanical properties were studied. It was found that 3D composites made from collagen, chitosan, and hyaluronic acid with magnetic particles are hydrophilic with a high swelling ability (up to 2,646%). Cross‐linking of such biopolymeric materials with DAS alters the swelling degree and porosity of materials. The cross‐linking process has no significant effect on the density of the materials. The addition of magnetic particles to Coll/CTS/HA materials decreases its swelling ability (1,795% for material containing 30% of magnetic particles) and increases the density of the studied materials. 3D materials based on Coll/CTS/HA with magnetic particles are rigid and inflexible. With the increasing content of magnetic particles in the polymer blend, the Young's modulus decreases. 3D material with magnetite particles can be used in biomedical applications, such as tissue repair and drug delivery.
Realizing Crack Diagnosing and Self‐Healing by Electricity with a Dynamic Crosslinked Flexible Polyurethane Composite
Authors: Pu Wuli , Fu Daihua , Wang Zhanhua , Gan Xinpeng , Lu Xili , Yang Li , Xia Hesheng
Published: March 2018

Combining self‐healing functions with damage diagnosing, which can achieve timely healing autonomously, is expected to improve the reliability and reduce life cycle cost of materials. Here, a flexible conductive composite composed of a dynamically crosslinked polyurethane bearing Diels–Alder bonds (PUDA) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which possess both crack diagnosing and self‐healing functions, is reported. The introduced dynamic Diels–Alder bonds endow the materials self‐healing function and the powder‐based preparation route based on the specially designed CNTs‐coated PUDA micropowders leads to the formation of segregated CNTs network, which makes the composite possess excellent mechanical properties and high conductivity. Because of the sufficient electrothermal and photothermal effect of CNTs, the composites can be healed rapidly and repeatedly by electricity or near‐infrared light based on the retro‐Diels–Alder reaction. An obvious color difference in the infrared thermograph resulting from the resistance difference between damaged and undamaged area can be observed when applying the voltage, which can be used for crack diagnosing. Using the same electrical circuit, the crack in the PUDA/CNTs composite can be noninvasively detected first and then be autonomously healed. The composites also exhibit a strain‐sensing function with good sensitivity and high reliability, thus will have potential applications in electronic strain sensors.
Trees down, hazards abound: Observations and lessons from Hurricane Sandy
Authors: Ochsner Michele , Marshall Elizabeth G. , Lefkowitz Daniel
Published: March 2018

Background

Given predictions that climate change will lead to an increase in severe storms, it is important to more fully understand the risks experienced by workers charged with the cleanup and removal of storm damaged trees. These hazards have received little attention in the occupational safety and health literature.

Methods

This paper is based on semi‐structured interviews with 23 stakeholders involved in the Hurricane Sandy cleanup effort.

Results

Interview participants identified at risk sectors, gaps in training and preparedness, and raised particular concerns about storm downed trees, electrical hazards, and fatigue and suggested steps to reduce these hazards.

Conclusions

Stakeholders’ observations about storm response suggest directions for improving the health and safety of this critical workforce.
Pleural abnormalities and exposure to elongate mineral particles in Minnesota iron ore (taconite) workers
Authors: Perlman David , Mandel Jeffrey H. , Odo Nnaemeka , Ryan Andy , Lambert Christine , MacLehose Richard F. , Ramachandran Gurumurthy , Alexander Bruce H.
Published: March 2018

Background

Iron ore (taconite) mining and processing are an important industry in northern Minnesota and western Michigan. Concerns around exposures have centered largely on exposure to non‐asbestiform amphibole elongate mineral particles (EMPs) found in the eastern portion of the Minnesota iron range.

Methods

A cross sectional survey was undertaken of current and former taconite workers and spouses along with a detailed exposure assessment. Participants provided an occupational history and had a chest radiograph performed.

Results

A total of 1188 workers participated. Potential exposures to non‐amphibole EMPs were evident across multiple jobs in all active mines. Pleural abnormalities were found in 16.8% of workers. There was an association of pleural abnormalities with cumulative EMP exposure that was not specific to the eastern portion of the range.

Conclusion

There was evidence of a mild to moderate increase in pleural abnormalities in this population of miners, associated with geographically non‐specific cumulative EMP exposure.
Myelin abnormality in Charcot–Marie–Tooth type 4J recapitulates features of acquired demyelination
Authors: Hu Bo , McCollum Megan , Ravi Vignesh , Arpag Sezgi , Moiseev Daniel , Castoro Ryan , Mobley Bret , Burnette Bryan , Siskind Carly , Day John , Yawn Robin , Feely Shawna , Li Yuebing , Yan Qing , Shy Michael , Li Jun
Published: March 2018

Objective

Charcot–Marie–Tooth type 4J (CMT4J) is a rare autosomal recessive neuropathy caused by mutations in FIG4 that result in loss of FIG4 protein. This study investigates the natural history and mechanisms of segmental demyelination in CMT4J.

Methods

Over the past 9 years, we have enrolled and studied a cohort of 12 CMT4J patients, including 6 novel FIG4 mutations. We evaluated these patients and related mouse models using morphological, electrophysiological, and biochemical approaches.

Results

We found sensory motor demyelinating polyneuropathy consistently in all patients. This underlying myelin pathology was associated with nonuniform slowing of conduction velocities, conduction block, and temporal dispersion on nerve conduction studies, which resemble those features in acquired demyelinating peripheral nerve diseases. Segmental demyelination was also confirmed in mice without Fig4 (Fig4−/−). The demyelination was associated with an increase of Schwann cell dedifferentiation and macrophages in spinal roots where nerve–blood barriers are weak. Schwann cell dedifferentiation was induced by the increasing intracellular Ca2+. Suppression of Ca2+ level by a chelator reduced dedifferentiation and demyelination of Schwann cells in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, cell‐specific knockout of Fig4 in mouse Schwann cells or neurons failed to cause segmental demyelination.

Interpretation

Myelin change in CMT4J recapitulates the features of acquired demyelinating neuropathies. This pathology is not Schwann cell autonomous. Instead, it relates to systemic processes involving interactions of multiple cell types and abnormally elevated intracellular Ca2+. Injection of a Ca2+ chelator into Fig4−/− mice improved segmental demyelination, thereby providing a therapeutic strategy against demyelination. Ann Neurol 2018;83:756–770
Positron emission tomography–guided magnetic resonance spectroscopy in Alzheimer disease
Authors: Sheikh‐Bahaei Nasim , Sajjadi S. Ahmad , Manavaki Roido , McLean Mary , O'Brien John T. , Gillard Jonathan H.
Published: March 2018

Objective

To determine whether the level of metabolites in magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a representative marker of underlying pathological changes identified in positron emission tomographic (PET) images in Alzheimer disease (AD).

Methods

We performed PET‐guided MRS in cases of probable AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and healthy controls (HC). All participants were imaged by 11C‐Pittsburgh compound B (11C‐PiB) and 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (18F‐FDG) PET followed by 3T MRS. PET images were assessed both visually and using standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs). MRS voxels were placed in regions with maximum abnormality on amyloid (Aβ+) and FDG (hypometabolic) areas on PET scans. Corresponding normal areas were selected in controls. The ratios of total N‐acetyl (tNA) group, myoinositol (mI), choline, and glutamate + glutamine over creatine (Cr) were compared between these regions.

Results

Aβ + regions had significantly higher (p = 0.02) mI/Cr and lower tNA/Cr (p = 0.02), whereas in hypometabolic areas only tNA/Cr was reduced (p = 0.003). Multiple regression analysis adjusting for sex, age, and education showed mI/Cr was only associated with 11C‐PiB SUVR (p < 0.0001). tNA/Cr, however, was associated with both PiB (p = 0.0003) and 18F‐FDG SUVR (p = 0.006). The level of mI/Cr was not significantly different between MCI and AD (p = 0.28), but tNA/Cr showed significant decline from HC to MCI to AD (p = 0.001, p = 0.04).

Interpretation

mI/Cr has significant temporal and spatial associations with Aβ and could potentially be considered as a disease state biomarker. tNA is an indicator of early neurodegenerative changes and might have a role as disease stage biomarker and also as a valuable surrogate marker for treatment response. Ann Neurol 2018;83:771–778
Recessive mutations in VPS13D cause childhood onset movement disorders
Authors: Gauthier Julie , Meijer Inge A. , Lessel Davor , Mencacci Niccolò E. , Krainc Dimitri , Hempel Maja , Tsiakas Konstantinos , Prokisch Holger , Rossignol Elsa , Helm Margaret H. , Rodan Lance H. , Karamchandani Jason , Carecchio Miryam , Lubbe Steven J. , Telegrafi Aida , Henderson Lindsay B. , Lorenzo Kerry , Wallace Stephanie E. , Glass Ian A. , Hamdan Fadi F. , Michaud Jacques L. , Rouleau Guy A. , Campeau Philippe M.
Published: March 2018

VPS13 protein family members VPS13A through VPS13C have been associated with various recessive movement disorders. We describe the first disease association of rare recessive VPS13D variants including frameshift, missense, and partial duplication mutations with a novel complex, hyperkinetic neurological disorder. The clinical features include developmental delay, a childhood onset movement disorder (chorea, dystonia, or tremor), and progressive spastic ataxia or paraparesis. Characteristic brain magnetic resonance imaging shows basal ganglia or diffuse white matter T2 hyperintensities as seen in Leigh syndrome and choreoacanthocytosis. Muscle biopsy in 1 case showed mitochondrial aggregates and lipidosis, suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction. These findings underline the importance of the VPS13 complex in neurological diseases and a possible role in mitochondrial function. Ann Neurol 2018;83:1089–1095
Experimental Identification of Ultrafast Reverse Hole Transfer at the Interface of the Photoexcited Methanol/Graphitic Carbon Nitride System
Authors: Chen Zongwei , Zhang Qun , Luo Yi
Published: March 2018

An experimental scrutiny of the photoexcited hole dynamics in a prototypical system is presented in which hole‐scavenging methanol molecules are chemisorbed on a graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) substrate. A set of comparison and control experiments by means of femtosecond time‐resolved transient absorption (fs‐TA) spectroscopy were conducted. The elusive reverse hole transfer (RHT) process was identified, which occurs on a timescale of a few hundred picoseconds. The critical role of interfacially chemisorbed methoxy (instead of methanol) as the dominant species responsible for hole scavenging was confirmed by a control experiment using protonated g‐C3N4 as the substrate. A hot‐hole transfer effect was revealed by implementing different interband photoexcitation scenarios. The RHT rate is the key factor governing the hole‐scavenging ability of different hole scavengers.
Diverging Mechanisms: Cytochrome‐P450‐Catalyzed Demethylation and γ‐Lactone Formation in Bacterial Gibberellin Biosynthesis
Authors: Nagel Raimund , Peters Reuben J.
Published: March 2018

Biosynthesis of the gibberellin (GA) plant hormones evolved independently in plants and microbes, but the pathways proceed by similar transformations. The combined demethylation and γ‐lactone ring forming transformation is of significant mechanistic interest, yet remains unclear. The relevant CYP112 from bacteria was probed by activity assays and 18O2‐labeling experiments. Notably, the ability of tert‐butyl hydroperoxide to drive this transformation indicates use of the ferryl‐oxo (Compound I) from the CYP catalytic cycle for this reaction. Together with the confirmed loss of C20 as CO2, this necessitates two catalytic cycles for carbon–carbon bond scission and γ‐lactone formation. The ability of CYP112 to hydroxylate the δ‐lactone form of GA15, shown by the labeling studies, is consistent with the implied use of a further oxygenated heterocycle in the final conversion of GA24 into GA9, with the partial labeling of GA9, thus demonstrating that CYP112 partitions its reactants between two diverging mechanisms.
Über die Ursachen der deutlich unterschiedlichen Reaktivität von Ruthenium unter den [MO]+/CH4‐Systemen (M=Fe, Ru, Os)
Authors: Sun Xiaoyan , Zhou Shaodong , Yue Lei , Schlangen Maria , Schwarz Helmut
Published: March 2018

Die thermischen Gasphasenreaktionen von [RuO]+ mit Methan wurden mittels FT‐ICR‐Massenspektrometrie und quantenchemischen Rechnungen untersucht. Im Gegensatz zu den bereits beschriebenen Reaktionspaaren [FeO]+/CH4 und [OsO]+/CH4, die unter Sauerstoff‐ und Wasserstoffatomübertragungen bzw. unter Dehydrierung reagieren, bildet [RuO]+ in der Reaktion mit CH4 selektiv [Ru(CH)2]+ und H2O, allerdings mit einer viel geringeren Effizienz. Unterschiedliche mechanistische Szenarien wurden untersucht und die entsprechenden elektronischen Ursachen durch quantenchemische Rechnungen identifiziert. Es ist das Zusammenspiel der Effizienz von Spin‐Bahn‐Kopplung, Orbitalüberlappung und relativistischer Effekte, auf dem die beobachteten unterschiedlichen Reaktivitäten der Reaktionspaare [MO]+/CH4 (M=Fe, Ru, Os) beruhen.
Enhancing Capacity Performance by Utilizing the Redox Chemistry of the Electrolyte in a Dual‐Electrolyte Sodium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Senthilkumar Sirugaloor Thangavel , Bae Hyuntae , Han Jinhyup , Kim Youngsik
Published: March 2018

A strategy is described to increase charge storage in a dual electrolyte Na‐ion battery (DESIB) by combining the redox chemistry of the electrolyte with a Na+ ion de‐insertion/insertion cathode. Conventional electrolytes do not contribute to charge storage in battery systems, but redox‐active electrolytes augment this property via charge transfer reactions at the electrode–electrolyte interface. The capacity of the cathode combined with that provided by the electrolyte redox reaction thus increases overall charge storage. An aqueous sodium hexacyanoferrate (Na4Fe(CN)6) solution is employed as the redox‐active electrolyte (Na‐FC) and sodium nickel Prussian blue (Nax‐NiBP) as the Na+ ion insertion/de‐insertion cathode. The capacity of DESIB with Na‐FC electrolyte is twice that of a battery using a conventional (Na2SO4) electrolyte. The use of redox‐active electrolytes in batteries of any kind is an efficient and scalable approach to develop advanced high‐energy‐density storage systems.