bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Development of Children Placed Into Different Types of Russian Families Following an Institutional Intervention
Authors: McCall Robert B. , Muhamedrahimov Rifkat J. , Groark Christina J. , Palmov Oleg I. , Nikiforova Natalia V. , Salaway Jennifer L. , Julian Megan M.
Published: August 2016

This study examined whether interventions in Russian Baby Homes promoting warm, sensitive, and responsive caregiver-child interactions and relationships would be associated with advantages in those children’s behavior years after they transitioned to family care. Children ( N = 135) who had resided for at least 3 months ( M = 13.8 months) in 1 of 3 intervention institutions were subsequently placed in Russian families (relatives or nonrelatives) for at least 1 year ( M = 33.5 months). When children were 1.5 to 10.8 years of age, parents provided ratings of attachment, indiscriminate friendliness, executive functioning, social-emotional development, and behavior problems. Despite very substantial differences in the developmental status of children at departure from the 3 institutions, there were fewer than expected significant differences between children from the 3 institutions at follow-up or as a function of being placed with relatives or nonrelatives. Specifically, children reared in the most improved institution displayed less indiscriminate friendliness, were less aggressive/defiant, and had less externalizing behavior. Children from all 3 institutions who were placed into families at older ages tended to be rated more poorly on some measures. These results suggest that previously institutionalized children adjust well to family life, but improved institutional caregiving can have some persistent benefits over several years in children transitioned to families.
Metagenomic recovery of phage genomes of uncultured freshwater actinobacteria
Authors: Ghai Rohit , Mehrshad Maliheh , Mizuno Carolina Megumi , Rodriguez-Valera Francisco
Published: August 2016

Low-GC Actinobacteria are among the most abundant and widespread microbes in freshwaters and have largely resisted all cultivation efforts. Consequently, their phages have remained totally unknown. In this work, we have used deep metagenomic sequencing to assemble eight complete genomes of the first tailed phages that infect freshwater Actinobacteria. Their genomes encode the actinobacterial-specific transcription factor whiB, frequently found in mycobacteriophages and also in phages infecting marine pelagic Actinobacteria. Its presence suggests a common and widespread strategy of modulation of host transcriptional machinery upon infection via this transcriptional switch. We present evidence that some whiB-carrying phages infect the acI lineage of Actinobacteria. At least one of them encodes the ADP-ribosylating component of the widespread bacterial AB toxins family (for example, clostridial toxin). We posit that the presence of this toxin reflects a ‘trojan horse’ strategy, providing protection at the population level to the abundant host microbes against eukaryotic predators.
Erratum: Revealing the mechanism of passive transport in lipid bilayers via phonon-mediated nanometre-scale density fluctuations
Authors: Zhernenkov Mikhail , Bolmatov Dima , Soloviov Dmitry , Zhernenkov Kirill , Toperverg Boris P. , Cunsolo Alessandro , Bosak Alexey , Cai Yong Q.
Published: August 2016

Nature Communications 7: Article number: 11575 (2016); Published: 12 May 2016; Updated: 9 August 2016 This Article was originally published with an incorrect publication date. This paper was due to be published on 26 May 2016 together with other content on a similar topic, but due to an error was published earlier on the 12 May 2016.
A genome-wide screening uncovers the role of CCAR2 as an antagonist of DNA end resection
Authors: López-Saavedra Ana , Gómez-Cabello Daniel , Domínguez-Sánchez María Salud , Mejías-Navarro Fernando , Fernández-Ávila María Jesús , Dinant Christoffel , Martínez-Macías María Isabel , Bartek Jiri , Huertas Pablo
Published: August 2016

There are two major and alternative pathways to repair DNA double-strand breaks: non-homologous end-joining and homologous recombination. Here we identify and characterize novel factors involved in choosing between these pathways; in this study we took advantage of the SeeSaw Reporter, in which the repair of double-strand breaks by homology-independent or -dependent mechanisms is distinguished by the accumulation of green or red fluorescence, respectively. Using a genome-wide human esiRNA (endoribonuclease-prepared siRNA) library, we isolate genes that control the recombination/end-joining ratio. Here we report that two distinct sets of genes are involved in the control of the balance between NHEJ and HR: those that are required to facilitate recombination and those that favour NHEJ. This last category includes CCAR2/DBC1, which we show inhibits recombination by limiting the initiation and the extent of DNA end resection, thereby acting as an antagonist of CtIP.
Local adaptation of a bacterium is as important as its presence in structuring a natural microbial community
Authors: Gómez Pedro , Paterson Steve , De Meester Luc , Liu Xuan , Lenzi Luca , Sharma M. D. , McElroy Kerensa , Buckling Angus
Published: August 2016

Local adaptation of a species can affect community composition, yet the importance of local adaptation compared with species presence per se is unknown. Here we determine how a compost bacterial community exposed to elevated temperature changes over 2 months as a result of the presence of a focal bacterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25, that had been pre-adapted or not to the compost for 48 days. The effect of local adaptation on community composition is as great as the effect of species presence per se, with these results robust to the presence of an additional strong selection pressure: an SBW25-specific virus. These findings suggest that evolution occurring over ecological time scales can be a key driver of the structure of natural microbial communities, particularly in situations where some species have an evolutionary head start following large perturbations, such as exposure to antibiotics or crop planting and harvesting.
Randomized trial of medroxyprogesterone acetate for the prevention of endometrial pathology from adjuvant tamoxifen for breast cancer: SWOG S9630
Authors: Potkul Ronald K , Unger Joseph M , Livingston Robert B , Crew Katherine D , Wilczynski Sharon P , Salomon Caryl G , Smith Barbara L , Wong Lucas , Campbell David L , Einspahr David E , Anderson Garnet L , Hershman Dawn , Goodman Gary E , Brown Powel H , Meyskens Frank L , Albain Kathy S
Published: August 2016

The proliferative effect of adjuvant tamoxifen on the endometrium can potentially result in endometrial abnormalities, including cancer in postmenopausal women. We conducted a randomized, controlled trial to assess endometrial pathological diagnoses in postmenopausal women with early stage, ER-positive breast cancer without endometrial pathology at baseline. They were assigned to tamoxifen alone versus tamoxifen plus cyclical medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA 10 mg for 14 days every 3 months) for 5 years. Endovaginal sonograms (EVS) +/− endometrial biopsies (EMB) were required at baseline, 2 and 5 years. Of 313 patients registered, 296 were eligible and 169 (57%; 89, tamoxifen; 80, tamoxifen+MPA) were evaluable (completed year-2 EVS, with an EMB if stripe width was ⩾5 mm). Sixty (67%) of these in the tamoxifen arm had an endometrial stripe width ⩾5 mm (and underwent subsequent EMB) compared with 48 (60%) in the tamoxifen+MPA arm (P=0.40). There were four cases of proliferative endometrium and one simple hyperplasia on the tamoxifen arm (6% (95% confidence interval (CI): 2–13%) among evaluable patients and one proliferative endometrium on the tamoxifen+MPA arm (P=0.11). The overall fraction with benign endometrial abnormalities at year 2 was 3.6% (6/169; 95% CI: 1.3–7.6%), with only 1 (of 102) new benign proliferative event at year 5. The event rate in both arms was much lower than projected, making treatment arm comparisons less informative. A normal endometrium prior to tamoxifen may provide reassurance regarding future endometrial events. However, validation in a larger trial is needed before changing practice in asymptomatic, postmenopausal women.
Isolation of Live Premature Senescent Cells Using FUCCI Technology
Authors: Wang Danli , Lu Ping , Liu Yang , Chen Li , Zhang Rui , Sui Weihao , Dumitru Alexandru George , Chen Xiaowen , Wen Feiqiu , Ouyang Hong-Wei , Ji Junfeng
Published: August 2016

Cellular senescence plays an important role in diverse biological processes such as tumorigenesis and organismal aging. However, lack of methods to specifically identify and isolate live senescent cells hampers the precise understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating cellular senescence. Here, we report that utilization of fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator (FUCCI) technology allows isolation of live premature senescent cells induced by doxorubicin treatment. Exposure of human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs) to a low dose of doxorubicin led to cellular senescent phenotypes including formation of γ-H2AX and 53BP1 foci indicative of DNA damage, decreased cell proliferation and increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity. Importantly, doxorubicin-induced senescent cells were arrested at S/G2/M phases of cell cycle which can be reported by a construct encoding a fragment of hGeminin fused with monomeric Azami-Green (mAG-hGeminin). Flow cytometric sorting of GFP+ cells from doxorubicin-treated HFFs carrying mAG-hGeminin reporter enabled isolation and enrichment of live senescent cells in the culture. Our study develops a novel method to identify and isolate live premature senescent cells, thereby providing a new tool to study cellular senescence.
Forizymes – functionalised artificial forisomes as a platform for the production and immobilisation of single enzymes and multi-enzyme complexes
Authors: Visser Franziska , Müller Boje , Rose Judith , Prüfer Dirk , Noll Gundula A.
Published: August 2016

The immobilisation of enzymes plays an important role in many applications, including biosensors that require enzyme activity, stability and recyclability in order to function efficiently. Here we show that forisomes (plant-derived mechanoproteins) can be functionalised with enzymes by translational fusion, leading to the assembly of structures designated as forizymes. When forizymes are expressed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the enzymes are immobilised by the self-assembly of forisome subunits to form well-structured protein bodies. We used glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and hexokinase 2 (HXK2) as model enzymes for the one-step production and purification of catalytically active forizymes. These structures retain the typical stimulus-response reaction of the forisome and the enzyme remains active even after multiple assay cycles, which we demonstrated using G6PDH forizymes as an example. We also achieved the co-incorporation of both HXK2 and G6PDH in a single forizyme, facilitating a two-step reaction cascade that was 30% faster than the coupled reaction using the corresponding enzymes on different forizymes or in solution. Our novel forizyme immobilisation technique therefore not only combines the sensory properties of forisome proteins with the catalytic properties of enzymes but also allows the development of multi-enzyme complexes for incorporation into technical devices.
In-Depth Characterization and Validation of Human Urine Metabolomes Reveal Novel Metabolic Signatures of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms
Authors: Hao Ling , Greer Tyler , Page David , Shi Yatao , Vezina Chad M. , Macoska Jill A. , Marker Paul C. , Bjorling Dale E. , Bushman Wade , Ricke William A. , Li Lingjun
Published: August 2016

Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are a range of irritative or obstructive symptoms that commonly afflict aging population. The diagnosis is mostly based on patient-reported symptoms and current medication often fails to completely eliminate these symptoms. There is a pressing need for objective non-invasive approaches to measure symptoms and understand disease mechanisms. We developed an in-depth workflow combining urine metabolomics analysis and machine learning bioinformatics to characterize metabolic alterations and support objective diagnosis of LUTS. Machine learning feature selection and statistical tests were combined to identify candidate biomarkers, which were statistically validated with leave-one-patient-out cross-validation and absolutely quantified by selected reaction monitoring assay. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed highly-accurate prediction power of candidate biomarkers to stratify patients into disease or non-diseased categories. The key metabolites and pathways may be possibly correlated with smooth muscle tone changes, increased collagen content and inflammation, which have been identified as potential contributors to urinary dysfunction in humans and rodents. Periurethral tissue staining revealed a significant increase in collagen content and tissue stiffness in men with LUTS. Together, our study provides the first characterization and validation of LUTS urinary metabolites and pathways to support the future development of a urine-based diagnostic test for LUTS.
Neutron Scattering Studies of the Interplay of Amyloid β Peptide(1–40) and An Anionic Lipid 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol
Authors: Rai Durgesh K. , Sharma Veerendra K. , Anunciado Divina , O’Neill Hugh , Mamontov Eugene , Urban Volker , Heller William T. , Qian Shuo
Published: August 2016

The interaction between lipid bilayers and Amyloid β peptide (Aβ) plays a critical role in proliferation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD is expected to affect one in every 85 humans by 2050, and therefore, deciphering the interplay of Aβ and lipid bilayers at the molecular level is of profound importance. In this work, we applied an array of neutron scattering methods to study the structure and dynamics of Aβ(1–40) interacting 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol (DMPG) bilayers. In the structural investigations of lipid bilayer’s response to Aβ binding, Small Angle Neutron Scattering and Neutron Membrane Diffraction revealed that the Aβ anchors firmly to the highly charged DMPG bilayers in the interfacial region between water and hydrocarbon chain, and it doesn’t penetrate deeply into the bilayer. This association mode is substantiated by the dynamics studies with high resolution Quasi-Elastic Neutron Scattering experiments, showing that the addition of Aβ mainly affects the slower lateral motion of lipid molecules, especially in the fluid phase, but not the faster internal motion. The results revealed that Aβ associates with the highly charged membrane in surface with limited impact on the structure, but the altered membrane dynamics could have more influence on other membrane processes.
Closed-state inactivation involving an internal gate in Kv4.1 channels modulates pore blockade by intracellular quaternary ammonium ions
Authors: Fineberg Jeffrey D. , Szanto Tibor G. , Panyi Gyorgy , Covarrubias Manuel
Published: August 2016

Voltage-gated K+ (Kv) channel activation depends on interactions between voltage sensors and an intracellular activation gate that controls access to a central pore cavity. Here, we hypothesize that this gate is additionally responsible for closed-state inactivation (CSI) in Kv4.x channels. These Kv channels undergo CSI by a mechanism that is still poorly understood. To test the hypothesis, we deduced the state of the Kv4.1 channel intracellular gate by exploiting the trap-door paradigm of pore blockade by internally applied quaternary ammonium (QA) ions exhibiting slow blocking kinetics and high-affinity for a blocking site. We found that inactivation gating seemingly traps benzyl-tributylammonium (bTBuA) when it enters the central pore cavity in the open state. However, bTBuA fails to block inactivated Kv4.1 channels, suggesting gated access involving an internal gate. In contrast, bTBuA blockade of a Shaker Kv channel that undergoes open-state P/C-type inactivation exhibits fast onset and recovery inconsistent with bTBuA trapping. Furthermore, the inactivated Shaker Kv channel is readily blocked by bTBuA. We conclude that Kv4.1 closed-state inactivation modulates pore blockade by QA ions in a manner that depends on the state of the internal activation gate.
Photochemical Copper Coating on 3D Printed Thermoplastics
Authors: Yung Winco K. C. , Sun Bo , Huang Junfeng , Jin Yingdi , Meng Zhengong , Choy Hang Shan , Cai Zhixiang , Li Guijun , Ho Cheuk Lam , Yang Jinlong , Wong Wai Yeung
Published: August 2016

3D printing using thermoplastics has become very popular in recent years, however, it is challenging to provide a metal coating on 3D objects without using specialized and expensive tools. Herein, a novel acrylic paint containing malachite for coating on 3D printed objects is introduced, which can be transformed to copper via one-step laser treatment. The malachite containing pigment can be used as a commercial acrylic paint, which can be brushed onto 3D printed objects. The material properties and photochemical transformation processes have been comprehensively studied. The underlying physics of the photochemical synthesis of copper was characterized using density functional theory calculations. After laser treatment, the surface coating of the 3D printed objects was transformed to copper, which was experimentally characterized by XRD. 3D printed prototypes, including model of the Statue of Liberty covered with a copper surface coating and a robotic hand with copper interconnections, are demonstrated using this painting method. This composite material can provide a novel solution for coating metals on 3D printed objects. The photochemical reduction analysis indicates that the copper rust in malachite form can be remotely and photo-chemically reduced to pure copper with sufficient photon energy.
Chickpea Ferritin CaFer1 Participates in Oxidative Stress Response and Promotes Growth and Development
Authors: Parveen Shaista , Gupta Deepti Bhushan , Dass Suchismita , Kumar Amit , Pandey Aarti , Chakraborty Subhra , Chakraborty Niranjan
Published: August 2016

Ferritins store and sequester iron and regulate iron homeostasis. The cDNA for a stress-responsive phytoferritin, previously identified in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of chickpea (Cicer arietinum), was cloned and designated CaFer1. The CaFer1 transcript was strongly induced in chickpea exposed to dehydration, hypersalinity and ABA treatment. Additionally, it has role in the defense against Fusarium oxysporum infection. Functional complementation of the yeast frataxin-deficient mutant, Δyfh1, indicates that CaFer1 functions in oxidative stress. The presence of CaFer1 in the extracellular space besides chloroplast establishes its inimitable nature from that of other phytoferritins. Furthermore, CaFer1 expression in response to iron suggests its differential mechanism of accumulation at two different iron conditions. CaFer1-overexpressing transgenic plants conferred improved growth and development, accompanied by altered expression of iron-responsive genes. Together, these results suggest that the phytoferritin, CaFer1, might play a key role in maintenance of iron buffering and adaptation to environmental challenges.
Brain enhancer activities at the gene-poor 5p14.1 autism-associated locus
Authors: Inoue Yukiko U. , Inoue Takayoshi
Published: August 2016

Due to the vast clinical and genetic heterogeneity, identification of causal genetic determinants for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has proven to be complex. Whereas several dozen ‘rare’ genetic variants for ASD susceptibility have been identified, studies are still underpowered to analyse ‘common’ variants for their subtle effects. A recent application of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to ASD indicated significant associations with the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on chromosome 5p14.1, located in a non-coding region between cadherin10 (CDH10) and cadherin9 (CDH9). Here we apply anin vivobacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) based enhancer-trapping strategy in mice to scan the gene desert for spatiotemporalcis-regulatory activities. Our results show that the ASD-associated interval harbors the cortical area, striatum, and cerebellum specific enhancers for a long non-coding RNA, moesin pseudogene1 antisense (MSNP1AS) during the brain developing stages. Mouse moesin protein levels are not affected by exogenously expressed human antisense RNAs in our transgenic brains, demonstrating the difficulty in modeling rather smaller effects of common variants. Our firstin vivoevidence for the spatiotemporal transcription ofMSNP1AShowever provides a further support to connect this intergenic variant with the ASD susceptibility.
Dynamically Tuning the Up-conversion Luminescence of Er3+/Yb3+ Co-doped Sodium Niobate Nano-crystals through Magnetic Field
Authors: Xiao Quanlan , Zhang Yuanhao , Zhang Han , Dong Guoping , Han Junbo , Qiu Jianrong
Published: August 2016

In this work, we show here that the up-conversion luminescence of NaNbO3:Er3+/Yb3+ nano-materials can be modulated by magnetic field and a enhancement of up-conversion intensities by a factor of about 2 for Er3+:4S3/2 → 4I15/2 obtained at 30 T and about 5.4 for Er3+:4F9/2 → 4I15/2 obtained at 20 T. The increased up-conversion luminescence are mainly interpreted in terms of the enhanced non-radiation transition from 4I11/2 to 4I13/2 of Er3+ ions and the spin-orbital coupling (that is “mixing” effect) in crystal field by an external magnetic field. Meanwhile, we observed continuously spectra broadening with growing the magnetic field intensity, which is ascribed to the “mixing” effect induced by magnetic field and the difference of g factor of sub-bands. This bi-functional material with controllable optical-magnetic interactions has various potential applications, such as optical detection of magnetic field, etc.
‘Atherothrombosis-associated microRNAs in Antiphospholipid syndrome and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus patients’
Authors: Pérez-Sánchez C. , Aguirre M. A. , Ruiz-Limón P. , Barbarroja N. , Jiménez-Gómez Y. , de la Rosa I. Arias , Rodriguez-Ariza A. , Collantes-Estévez E. , Segui P. , Velasco F. , Cuadrado M. J. , Teruel R. , González-Conejero R. , Martínez C. , López-Pedrera Ch.
Published: August 2016

MicroRNAs markedly affect the immune system and have a relevant role in CVD and autoimmune diseases. Yet, no study has analyzed their involvement in atherothrombosis related to APS and SLE patients. This study intended to: 1) identify and characterize microRNAs linked to CVD in APS and SLE; 2) assess the effects of specific autoantibodies. Six microRNAs, involved in atherothrombosis development, were quantified in purified leukocytes from 23 APS and 64 SLE patients, and 56 healthy donors. Levels of microRNAs in neutrophils were lower in APS and SLE than in healthy donors. Gene and protein expression of miRNA biogenesis-related molecules were also reduced. Accordingly, more than 75% of identified miRNAs by miRNA profiling were underexpressed. In monocytes, miR124a and -125a were low, while miR-146a and miR-155 appeared elevated. Altered microRNAs’ expression was linked to autoimmunity, thrombosis, early atherosclerosis and oxidative stress in both pathologies. In vitro treatment of neutrophils, monocytes and ECs with aPL-IgG or anti-dsDNA-IgG antibodies deregulated microRNAs expression and decreased miRNA biogenesis-related proteins. Monocyte transfections with pre-miR-124a and/or -125a caused reduction in atherothrombosis-related target molecules. In conclusion, microRNA biogenesis, significantly altered in neutrophils of APS and SLE patients, is associated to their atherothrombotic status, further modulated by specific autoantibodies.
High-throughput Screening of Toxic Chemicals on Neural Stem Cells
Authors: Farrell Kurt , Joshi Pranav , Roth Alexander , Kothapalli Chandrasekhar , Lee Moo-Yeal
Published: August 2016

Exposure to environmental toxicants such as heavy metals, pesticides, and nanoparticles poses a severe threat to both the developing and the adult human brain, causing various neurodegenerative disorders. Detection and quantification of neurotoxicity induced by such toxicants represent a major challenge due to the complexity of neuronal pathways involved and a lack of understanding of mechanistic actions of toxicants in vivo. While the role of neural stem cells (NSCs) in this process is becoming increasingly evident, outcomes from conventional in vitro assays explored thus far are curtailed by the relative high-cost and low throughput (number of bioassays per time), physiologically-irrelevant 2D cell cultures, and unavailability of the requisite cell populations. This chapter aims to highlight the various mechanisms involved in neurotoxicity and neuronal differentiation of NSCs, and summarizes various in vitro assays currently being used for the detection of neurotoxicity along with their limitations.
Toxicological Risk Assessment – Proposed Assay Platform Using Stem and Progenitor Cell Differentiation in Response to Environmental Toxicants
Authors: Ludlow John W. , Kinev Alexander , VanKanegan Michael , Ben Buehrer  , Trotta Nick , Basu Joydeep
Published: August 2016

There is an unmet need in toxicological risk assessment for direct estimation of both the magnitude and variability of human responses to environmental toxicants. Toxicological assays currently rely on a range of cell lines and in vivo models, as well as cell viability and proliferation. In this chapter, we explore using a primary human stem/progenitor cell type for development of a quantitative, high content imaging-based assay not only for environmental agent-induced cell death, but also for differentiation disruption. We will address four challenges relevant to toxicological risk assessment practice by discussing an assay platform that is: (1) amenable to a high-throughput format, (2) applicable to studying the effects of toxicants on cell differentiation, (3) sensitive to low doses of environmental hazards that are relevant to human exposure, and (4) can be used for direct estimation of the variability of responses in human population.
Epigenetic Impact of Stem Cell Toxicants
Authors: Singh Anup Kumar , Singh Akhilesh , Arya Rakesh Kumar , Yadav Navneet Kumar , Datta Dipak
Published: August 2016

Human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) virtually represent the simulation source of a wide range of modern tissue specific toxicity models with an ability to replace the conventional animal models. Dynamic landscapes of epigenetic alterations play an essential role in regulation of multi-lineage differentiation capabilities and other relevant attributes of ESCs. Exogenous agents that are able to interfere with such programming may act as developmental toxicants. These stem cell toxicants have been reported to either induce or respond to complex biological signaling cascades including epigenetic perturbations. Herein, we propose that chemical toxicant-induced epigenetic changes of stem cells in the form of promoter DNA/histone methylation at a few repressed genes could poise their cellular phenotype. This may cause either abnormal expansion of their number or inhibition of their differentiation ability. In this chapter, we will discuss the biochemical characteristics and epigenetic effects of various stem cell toxicants. We will also cover the possibilities for incorporation of epigenetic assays in stem cell toxicological studies.
Distributed Stem Cell Kinetotoxicity: A New Concept to Account for the Human Carcinogenicity of Non-genotoxic Environmental Toxicants
Authors: Panchalingam Krishnanchali , Noh Minsoo , Huh Yang Hoon , Sherley James L.
Published: August 2016

Chapter 10 presents experiments to support a hypothesis for a novel mechanism of distributed stem cell (DSC) toxicity termed “kinetotoxicity.” DSCs are also known as adult tissue stem cells. Kinetotoxicity was proposed to explain the longstanding conundrum of non-genotoxic human carcinogens like benzene. Both engineered mouse cell lines that model the specialized asymmetric self-renewal of DSCs and expanded human liver DSCs were deployed for these studies. After screening a panel of environmental toxicants designated as non-genotoxic human carcinogens, only benzene was found to exhibit kinetotoxicity. Kinetotoxicity is defined as the effect of shifting DSCs from their homeostatic state of asymmetric self-renewal to their expansive repair state of symmetric self-renewal. When this cell kinetics shift occurs, the loss of non-random sister chromatid segregation – also known as immortal strand co-segregation (ISC) – is proposed to lead to a significant increase in DSC mutation rate that accelerates carcinogenesis. Cell kinetics, flow cytometry, and molecular biomarker assays showed that not only benzene, but also its mutagenic metabolite hydroquinone, induce the kinetotoxic shift in DSC self-renewal kinetics with loss of ISC. In addition, micro-array analyses identified a single gene, Wdr76, whose expression in DSCs could provide a more convenient biomarker for identifying and investigating kinetotoxic agents.
Enantioselective synthesis of quaternary α-aminophosphonates by Pd-catalyzed arylation of cyclic α-ketiminophosphonates with arylboronic acids
Authors: Yan Zhong , Wu Bo , Gao Xiang , Zhou Yong-Gui
Published: August 2016

A highly enantioselective synthesis of quaternary aminophosphonates was developed by palladium-catalyzed arylation of cyclic ketiminophosphonates with arylboronic acids.
Gold(i)-catalyzed dehydrogenative cycloisomerization of 1,5-enynes
Authors: Chen Gen-Qiang , Fang Wei , Wei Yin , Tang Xiang-Ying , Shi Min
Published: August 2016

Dehydrogenative cycloisomerization of 1,5-enynes proceeded smoothly to give benzene derivatives in good to excellent yields. Synthetically important benzocyclobutenes can be produced in high yields in the presence of a gold(i) catalyst and DDQ.
Toward polarizable AMOEBA thermodynamics at fixed charge efficiency using a dual force field approach: application to organic crystals
Authors: Nessler Ian J. , Litman Jacob M. , Schnieders Michael J.
Published: August 2016

First principles prediction of the structure, thermodynamics and solubility of organic molecular crystals, which play a central role in chemical, material, pharmaceutical and engineering sciences, challenges both potential energy functions and sampling methodologies.
Interplay between the spin-selection rule and frontier orbital theory in O2 activation and CO oxidation by single-atom-sized catalysts on TiO2(110)
Authors: Li Shunfang , Zhao Xingju , Shi Jinlei , Jia Yu , Guo Zhengxiao , Cho Jun-Hyung , Gao Yanfei , Zhang Zhenyu
Published: August 2016

Distinct chemical activities of a Pd monomer and a Pd2 dimer supported on TiO2(110) for O2 activation.
Niobic acid nanoparticle catalysts for the aqueous phase transformation of glucose and fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Reche Mariano Tapia , Osatiashtiani Amin , Durndell Lee J. , Isaacs Mark A. , Silva Ângela , Lee Adam F. , Wilson Karen
Published: August 2016

The first catalytic application of a nanoparticulate niobia solid acid prepared from a high area peroxo niobic acid sol, and its SBA-15 supported analogue, is demonstrated for the heterogeneously catalysed aqueous phase conversion of glucose and fructose to 5-HMF.
Dr Barnett Rosenberg – a Personal Perspective
Authors: Hoeschele James D.
Published: August 2016

This tribute to Dr Rosenberg is especially fitting, as an introduction to this themed issue, since the discovery of Cisplatin has not only had an enormous impact on the practice of modern day cancer chemotherapy, it has also promoted the explosive growth and maturity of the field of contemporary bioinorganic chemistry.
Electrophilic iodination: a gateway to high iodine compounds and energetic materials
Authors: Chand Deepak , He Chunlin , Mitchell Lauren A. , Parrish Damon A. , Shreeve Jean'ne M.
Published: August 2016

Preparation of polyiodopyrazoles and subsequent highly oxygenated nitro compounds.
Themed Issue on “Metallodrugs: Activation, Targeting, and Delivery”
Authors: Metzler-Nolte Nils , Guo Zijian
Published: August 2016

Welcome to this themed issue of Dalton Transactions entitled “Metallodrugs: Activation, Targeting and Delivery”.
Fabrication of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanofluidic chips with controllable channel size and spacing
Authors: Peng Ran , Li Dongqing
Published: August 2016

This paper presents a powerful tool to fabricate disposable and inexpensive PDMS nanofluidic chips with single nanochannels or nanochannel arrays.
Parametrization of nanoparticles: development of full-particle nanodescriptors
Authors: Tämm K. , Sikk L. , Burk J. , Rallo R. , Pokhrel S. , Mädler L. , Scott-Fordsmand J. J. , Burk P. , Tamm T.
Published: August 2016

A set of novel, theoretical full-particle descriptors for modeling, grouping or read-across of metal oxide NP properties and biological activity was developed based on the force-field calculation of the potential energies of whole NPs.
The past, present, and future of the Yang reaction
Authors: Chen Chuo
Published: August 2016

Coupling with atom-transfer, group-transfer, or radical addition, the Yang reaction can be used to achieve various types of C–H functionalization.
Binding position analysis of target proteins with the use of amidopyrene probes as LA-LDI enhancing tags
Authors: Yoneda Kozo , Hu Yaping , Watanabe Rei , Kita Masaki , Kigoshi Hideo
Published: August 2016

Selective detection of amidopyrene-labeled peptides by LA-LDI MS enabled us to analyze the binding position of ligands on target proteins.
Phosphorothioate anti-sense oligonucleotides: the kinetics and mechanism of the generation of the sulfurising agent from phenylacetyl disulfide (PADS)
Authors: Scotson James L. , Andrews Benjamin I. , Laws Andrew P. , Page Michael I.
Published: August 2016

Sulfurisation of the nucleotide–phosphite using phenylacetyl disulfide (PADS) requires the generation of polysulfides by an E1cB-type elimination to generate a ketene and acyldisulfide anion.
A robust molecular unit nanogrid servicing as network nodes via molecular installing technology
Authors: Zhang Guangwei , Wei Ying , Wang Jishu , Liu Yuyu , Xie Linghai , Wang Long , Ren Baoyi , Huang Wei
Published: August 2016

A nanogrid that consists of four fluorenes and two carbazoles has been synthesized by molecular installing technology from an L-shaped synthon.
Asymmetric cationic lipid based non-viral vectors for an efficient nucleic acid delivery
Authors: Meka Rakeshchandra R. , Godeshala Sudhakar , Marepally Srujan , Thorat Ketan , Reddy Rachamalla Hari Krishna , Dhayani Ashish , Hiwale Ankita , Banerjee Rajkumar , Chaudhuri Arabinda , Vemula Praveen Kumar
Published: August 2016

Cationic lipids have been extensively studied for their ability to complex with nucleic acids to condense and consequently deliver them into the cells.
Preparation of a graphitic N-doped multi-walled carbon nanotube composite for lithium–sulfur batteries with long-life and high specific capacity
Authors: Wang Chunli , Zhang Feifei , Wang Xuxu , Huang Gang , Yuan Dongxia , Yin Dongming , Cheng Yong , Wang Limin
Published: August 2016

One of the challenges for lithium–sulfur batteries is a rapid capacity fading owing to the insulating of sulfur and Li2S2/Li2S compounds, the dissolving and consequent shuttling of polysulfide.
Molecular dynamics simulations of simple aromatic compounds adsorption on single-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Ding Han , Shen Xin , Chen Chao , Zhang Xiaojian
Published: August 2016

We have conducted MD simulations and RDG calculations to reveal the mechanisms of simple aromatic compounds adsorption on SWCNTs.
Controllable morphology transition from vesicular to worm-like to vesicular multilamellar mesoporous silica induced by β-cyclodextrin
Authors: Jiang Mengmeng , Li Shichao , Shi Xue , Gao Tingting , Liu Zuohua , Zhou Guowei
Published: August 2016

Morphological changes of mesoporous silica from vesicular to worm-like to vesicular multilamellar were induced by adding appropriate amounts of β-CD to mixed CTAB/DDAB surfactant aggregates.
Modulation of doping and biaxial strain on the transition temperature of the charge density wave transition in 1T-TiSe2
Authors: Fu Zhen-Guo , Hu Zi-Yu , Yang Yu , Lu Yong , Zheng Fa-Wei , Zhang Ping
Published: August 2016

We study the effects of charge doping and biaxial strains on the transition temperature of charge density wave (CDW) transition in TiSe2.
Thioxanthone dicarboxamide derivatives as one-component photoinitiators for near-UV and visible LED (365–405 nm) induced photopolymerizations
Authors: Chen Guangxue , Guan Xiaoyuan , Xu Ruixin , Tian Junfei , Lu Fachuang , He Minghui , Yang Jianwen
Published: August 2016

A series of thioxanthone dicarboxamide derivatives containing hydrogen donors as one-component LED photoinitiators have been prepared.
Green synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles using carboxylic curdlan and their interaction with bovine serum albumin
Authors: Yan Jing-Kun , Wang Yao-Yao , Zhu Lin , Wu Jian-Yong
Published: August 2016

Carboxylic curdlan (Cc), as a versatile β-1,3-polyglucuronic acid derivative, was used as both reducing and capping agents for the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs).
Studies on sodium polymers based on di(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)methanone oxime
Authors: Guo Weiming , Zhang Tonglai , Zhang Bo , Feng Yongan , Chen Sitong , Mi Zhenhao
Published: August 2016

[Na(Hbto)(H2O)2·2H2O]n (1), [(NH3OH)2Na2(bto)2(H2O)4·H2O]n (2) and [(NH3OH)Na(bto)(H2O)2]n (3), eco-friendly coordination polymers, have been synthesized.
Novel Schiff base Mn(iii) and Co(ii) complexes supported on Co nanoparticles: efficient and recyclable magnetic nanocatalysts for alcohol oxidation
Authors: Keypour Hassan , Saremi Shokoufeh Ghahri , Veisi Hojat , Azadbakht Reza
Published: August 2016

In this study, efficient and highly selective heterogeneous catalysts were developed by immobilization of manganese and cobalt Schiff base complexes on Co magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs).
Synthesis of C2 oxygenates from syngas over Rh–Mn–Li/SiO2 catalysts: effect of supports prepared using different ammonia concentrations
Authors: Yu Jun , Mao Dongsen , Ding Dan , Lu Guanzhong
Published: August 2016

The effects of surface properties of the monodispersed SiO2 prepared using different ammonia concentrations on the catalytic performance of Rh–Mn–Li/SiO2 for CO hydrogenation to C2 oxygenates were investigated.
Correction: Heparin-stabilised iron oxide for MR applications: a relaxometric study
Authors: Ternent Lucy , Mayoh Daniel Alexander , Lees Martin Richard , Davies Gemma-Louise
Published: August 2016

Correction for ‘Heparin-stabilised iron oxide for MR applications: a relaxometric study’ by Lucy Ternent et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2016, 4, 3065–3074.
Incipient fault diagnosis for T–S fuzzy systems with application to high‐speed railway traction devices
Authors: Wu Yunkai , Jiang Bin , Shi Peng
Published: August 2016

This study addresses the problem of incipient fault detection and diagnosis for Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy systems and explores further results of total measurable fault information residual (ToMFIR). First, T–S fuzzy model is used to describe the global dynamics of a non‐linear system and the model of incipient actuator faults is formalised. Second, based on the ToMFIR, a novel incipient fault detection method is proposed, which removes the assumptions on system structure in some existing work. Further, sliding‐mode observers combined with ToMFIR‐based thresholds are designed for incipient fault isolation. Finally, application results conducted on a high‐speed railway traction device are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Asymptotic output tracking control of electro‐hydraulic systems with unmatched disturbances
Authors: Yang Guichao , Yao Jianyong , Le Guigao , Ma Dawei
Published: August 2016

In this study, an introduced auxiliary error signal‐based robust control method and an adaptive control strategy are synthesised through backstepping method for high precise motion tracking control of double‐rod hydraulic servo systems. The controller takes the non‐linear behaviour in flow, unmatched disturbances in inertia load dynamics, and matched uncertainties in pressure dynamics into consideration. In addition, the developed controller does not require a priori knowledge on the bounds of the lumped disturbances and the gain of the devised robust control law can be tuned itself. As a result, the obtained control strategy can achieve an exact tracking performance for the whole closed‐loop hydraulic system in the presence of matched and unmatched uncertainties simultaneously. Extensive experiments are carried out for the trajectory tracking control of a double‐rod hydraulic servo system and the results reveal the high‐performance of the presented controller.
Strong converse theorems using Rényi entropies
Authors: Leditzky Felix , Wilde Mark M. , Datta Nilanjana
Published: August 2016

We use a Rényi entropy method to prove strong converse theorems for certain information-theoretic tasks which involve local operations and quantum (or classical) communication between two parties. These include state redistribution, coherent state merging, quantum state splitting, measurement compression with quantum side information, randomness extraction against quantum side information, and data compression with quantum side information. The method we employ in proving these results extends ideas developed by Sharma [preprint arXiv:1404.5940 [quant-ph] (2014)], which he used to give a new proof of the strong converse theorem for state merging. For state redistribution, we prove the strong converse property for the boundary of the entire achievable rate region in the (e, q)-plane, where e and q denote the entanglement cost and quantum communication cost, respectively. In the case of measurement compression with quantum side information, we prove a strong converse theorem for the classical communication cost, which is a new result extending the previously known weak converse. For the remaining tasks, we provide new proofs for strong converse theorems previously established using smooth entropies. For each task, we obtain the strong converse theorem from explicit bounds on the figure of merit of the task in terms of a Rényi generalization of the optimal rate. Hence, we identify candidates for the strong converse exponents for each task discussed in this paper. To prove our results, we establish various new entropic inequalities, which might be of independent interest. These involve conditional entropies and mutual information derived from the sandwiched Rényi divergence. In particular, we obtain novel bounds relating these quantities, as well as the Rényi conditional mutual information, to the fidelity of two quantum states.
A simple microfluidic Coriolis effect flowmeter for operation at high pressure and high temperature
Authors: Harrison Christopher , Jundt Jacques
Published: August 2016

We describe a microfluidic Coriolis effect flowmeter that is simple to assemble, operates at elevated temperature and pressure, and can be operated with a lock-in amplifier. The sensor has a flow rate sensitivity greater than 2° of phase shift per 1 g/min of mass flow and is benchmarked with flow rates ranging from 0.05 to 2.0 g/min. The internal volume is 15 μl and uses off-the-shelf optical components to measure the tube motion. We demonstrate that fluid density can be calculated from the frequency of the resonating element with proper calibration.
Cesium vapor thermionic converter anomalies arising from negative ion emission
Authors: Rasor Ned S.
Published: August 2016

Compelling experimental evidence is given that a longstanding limit encountered on cesium vapor thermionic energy converter performance improvement and other anomalies arise from thermionic emission of cesium negative ions. It is shown that the energy that characterizes thermionic emission of cesium negative ions is 1.38 eV and, understandably, is not the electron affinity 0.47 eV determined for the photodetachment threshold of the cesium negative ion. The experimental evidence includes measurements of collector work functions and volt-ampere characteristics in quasi-vacuum cesium vapor thermionic diodes, along with reinterpretation of the classic Taylor-Langmuir S-curve data on electron emission in cesium vapor. The quantitative effects of negative ion emission on performance in the ignited, unignited, and quasi-vacuum modes of cesium vapor thermionic converter operation are estimated.
On the phase-space distribution of Bloch eigenmodes for periodic point scatterers
Authors: Griffin Jory
Published: August 2016

Consider the 3-dimensional Laplacian with a potential described by point scatterers placed on the integer lattice. We prove that for Floquet-Bloch modes with fixed quasi-momentum satisfying a certain Diophantine condition, there is a subsequence of eigenvalues of positive density whose eigenfunctions exhibit equidistribution in position space and localisation in momentum space. This result complements the result of Ueberschaer and Kurlberg, J. Eur. Math. Soc. (JEMS) (to appear); [e-print arXiv:1409.6878 (2014)] who show momentum localisation for zero quasi-momentum in 2-dimensions and is the first result in this direction in 3-dimensions.
Thermally assisted interlayer magnetic coupling through Ba0.05Sr0.95TiO3 barriers
Authors: Carreira Santiago J. , Avilés Félix Luis , Sirena Martín , Alejandro Gabriela , Steren Laura B.
Published: August 2016

We report on the interlayer exchange coupling across insulating barriers observed on Ni80Fe20/Ba0.05Sr0.95TiO3/La0.66Sr0.33MnO3 (Py/BST0.05/LSMO) trilayers. The coupling mechanism has been analyzed in terms of the barrier thickness, samples' substrate, and temperature. We examined the effect of MgO (MGO) and SrTiO3 (STO) (001) single-crystalline substrates on the magnetic coupling and also on the magnetic anisotropies of the samples in order to get a deeper understanding of the magnetism of the structures. We measured a weak coupling mediated by spin-dependent tunneling phenomena whose sign and strength depend on barrier thickness and substrate. An antiferromagnetic (AF) exchange prevails for most of the samples and smoothly increases with the barrier thicknesses as a consequence of the screening effects of the BST0.05. The coupling monotonically increases with temperature in all the samples and this behavior is attributed to thermally assisted mechanisms. The magnetic anisotropy of both magnetic components has a cubic symmetry that in the case of permalloy is added to a small uniaxial component.
Inorganic-ligand exchanging time effect in PbS quantum dot solar cell
Authors: Kim Byung-Sung , Hong John , Hou Bo , Cho Yuljae , Sohn Jung Inn , Cha SeungNam , Kim Jong Min
Published: August 2016

We investigate time-dependent inorganic ligand exchanging effect and photovoltaic performance of lead sulfide (PbS) nanocrystal films. With optimal processing time, volume shrinkage induced by residual oleic acid of the PbS colloidal quantum dot (CQD) was minimized and a crack-free film was obtained with improved flatness. Furthermore, sufficient surface passivation significantly increased the packing density by replacing from long oleic acid to a short iodide molecule. It thus facilities exciton dissociation via enhanced charge carrier transport in PbS CQD films, resulting in the improved power conversion efficiency from 3.39% to 6.62%. We also found that excess iodine ions on the PbS surface rather hinder high photovoltaic performance of the CQD solar cell.
Fluid moments of the nonlinear Landau collision operator
Authors: Hirvijoki E. , Lingam M. , Pfefferlé D. , Comisso L. , Candy J. , Bhattacharjee A.
Published: August 2016

An important problem in plasma physics is the lack of an accurate and complete description of Coulomb collisions in associated fluid models. To shed light on the problem, this Letter introduces an integral identity involving the multivariate Hermite tensor polynomials and presents a method for computing exact expressions for the fluid moments of the nonlinear Landau collision operator. The proposed methodology provides a systematic and rigorous means of extending the validity of fluid models that have an underlying inverse-square force particle dynamics to arbitrary collisionality and flow.