bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Betweenness Centrality Based Software Defined Routing
Authors: Wang Kai , Quan Wei , Cheng Nan , Liu Mingyuan , Liu Yu , Chan H. Anthony
Published: November 2019

Software-defined networking (SDN) enables routing control to program in the logically centralized controllers. It is expected to improve the routing efficiency even in highly dynamic situations. In this article, we make an in-depth observation of practical Internet datasets and investigate the relationship between
betweenness centrality
and
network throughput
. Furthermore, we propose a new routing observation factor,
differential ratio of betweenness centrality
(DRBC), to denote the varying amplitude of betweenness centrality to node degree. We reveal an interesting phenomenon that DRBC is proportional to the routing efficiency when the maximum betweenness centrality varies in a small range. Based on this, a DRBC-based routing scheme is proposed to improve routing efficiency. The experimental results verify that DRBC-based routing can improve the network throughput and accelerate the routing optimization.
Routing on Traffic Networks Incorporating Past Memory up to Real-Time Information on the Network State
Authors: Keimer Alexander , Bayen Alexandre
Published: November 2019

In this review, we discuss routing algorithms for the dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) problem that assigns traffic flow in a given road network as realistically as possible. We present a new class of so-called routing operators that route traffic flow at intersections based on either real-time information about the status of the network or historical data. These routing operators thus cover the distribution of traffic flow at all possible intersections. To model traffic flow on the links, we use a well-known macroscopic ordinary delay differential equation. We prove the existence and uniqueness of the solutions of the resulting DTA for a broad class of routing operators. This new routing approach is required and justified by the increased usage of real-time information on the network provided by map services, changing the laws of routing significantly. Because these map and routing services have a huge impact on the infrastructure of cities, a more precise mathematical description of the emerging new traffic patterns and effects becomes crucial for understanding and improving road and city conditions.
Job Seeking: The Process and Experience of Looking for a Job
Authors: Wanberg Connie R. , Ali Abdifatah A. , Csillag Borbala
Published: November 2019

This review distills available empirical research about the process and experience of looking for a job. Job search varies according to several dimensions, including intensity, content, and temporality/persistence. Our review examines how these dimensions relate to job search success, which involves job finding as well as job quality. Because social networking and interviewing behavior have attracted significant research attention, we describe findings with respect to these two job search methods in greater detail. We provide examples of the relevance of context to job search (i.e., the job seeker's geographical region, country, and culture; the economy; the job seeker's current or past employment situation; and employer behaviors and preferences) and review research on bias in the job search. Finally, we survey work on job search interventions and conclude with an overview of pressing job search issues in need of future research.
Cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury induces ROS-dependent loss of PKA regulatory subunit RIα
Authors: Haushalter Kristofer J. , Schilling Jan M. , Song Young , Sastri Mira , Perkins Guy A. , Strack Stefan , Taylor Susan S. , Patel Hemal H.
Published: November 2019

Type I PKA regulatory α-subunit (RIα; encoded by the Prkar1a gene) serves as the predominant inhibitor protein of the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKAc). However, recent evidence suggests that PKA signaling can be initiated by cAMP-independent events, especially within the context of cellular oxidative stress such as ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. We determined whether RIα is actively involved in the regulation of PKA activity via reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent mechanisms during I/R stress in the heart. Induction of ex vivo global I/R injury in mouse hearts selectively downregulated RIα protein expression, whereas RII subunit expression appears to remain unaltered. Cardiac myocyte cell culture models were used to determine that oxidant stimulus (i.e., H2O2) alone is sufficient to induce RIα protein downregulation. Transient increase of RIα expression (via adenoviral overexpression) negatively affects cell survival and function upon oxidative stress as measured by increased induction of apoptosis and decreased mitochondrial respiration. Furthermore, analysis of mitochondrial subcellular fractions in heart tissue showed that PKA-associated proteins are enriched in subsarcolemmal mitochondria (SSM) fractions and that loss of RIα is most pronounced at SSM upon I/R injury. These data were supported via electron microscopy in A-kinase anchoring protein 1 (AKAP1)-knockout mice, where loss of AKAP1 expression leads to aberrant mitochondrial morphology manifested in SSM but not interfibrillar mitochondria. Thus, we conclude that modification of RIα via ROS-dependent mechanisms induced by I/R injury has the potential to sensitize PKA signaling in the cell without the direct use of the canonical cAMP-dependent activation pathway.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY We uncovered a previously undescribed phenomenon involving oxidation-induced activation of PKA signaling in the progression of cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. Type I PKA regulatory subunit RIα, but not type II PKA regulatory subunits, is dynamically regulated by oxidative stress to trigger the activation of the catalytic subunit of PKA in cardiac myocytes. This effect may play a critical role in the regulation of subsarcolemmal mitochondria function upon the induction of ischemic injury in the heart.
Caspase lesions of PVN-projecting MnPO neurons block the sustained component of CIH-induced hypertension in adult male rats
Authors: Marciante Alexandria B. , Wang Lei A. , Little Joel T. , Cunningham J. Thomas
Published: November 2019

Obstructive sleep apnea is characterized by interrupted breathing that leads to cardiovascular sequelae including chronic hypertension that can persist into the waking hours. Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), which models the hypoxemia associated with sleep apnea, is sufficient to cause a sustained increase in blood pressure that involves the central nervous system. The median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) is an integrative forebrain region that contributes to blood pressure regulation and neurogenic hypertension. The MnPO projects to the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), a preautonomic region. We hypothesized that pathway-specific lesions of the projection from the MnPO to the PVN would attenuate the sustained component of chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced hypertension. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (250–300 g) were anesthetized with isoflurane and stereotaxically injected bilaterally in the PVN with a retrograde Cre-containing adeno-associated virus (AAV; AAV9.CMV.HI.eGFP-Cre.WPRE.SV40) and injected in the MnPO with caspase-3 (AAV5-flex-taCasp3-TEVp) or control virus (AAV5-hSyn-DIO-mCherry). Three weeks after the injections the rats were exposed to a 7-day intermittent hypoxia protocol. During chronic intermittent hypoxia, controls developed a diurnal hypertension that was blunted in rats with caspase lesions. Brain tissue processed for FosB immunohistochemistry showed decreased staining with caspase-induced lesions of MnPO and downstream autonomic-regulating nuclei. Chronic intermittent hypoxia significantly increased plasma levels of advanced oxidative protein products in controls, but this increase was blocked in caspase-lesioned rats. The results indicate that PVN-projecting MnPO neurons play a significant role in blood pressure regulation in the development of persistent chronic intermittent hypoxia hypertension.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Chronic intermittent hypoxia associated with obstructive sleep apnea increases oxidative stress and leads to chronic hypertension. Sustained hypertension may be mediated by angiotensin II-induced neural plasticity of excitatory median preoptic neurons in the forebrain that project to the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Selective caspase lesions of these neurons interrupt the drive for sustained hypertension and cause a reduction in circulating oxidative protein products. This indicates that a functional connection between the forebrain and hypothalamus is necessary to drive diurnal hypertension associated with intermittent hypoxia. These results provide new information about central mechanisms that may contribute to neurogenic hypertension.
Hemodynamic effects of myocardial bridging in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Sharzehee Mohammadali , Chang Yuan , Song Jiang-ping , Han Hai-Chao
Published: November 2019

Myocardial bridging (MB) is linked to angina and myocardial ischemia and may lead to sudden cardiac death in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). However, it remains unclear how MB affect the coronary blood flow in HCM patients. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of MB on coronary hemodynamics in HCM patients. Fifteen patients with MB (7 HCM and 8 non-HCM controls) in their left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery were chosen. Transient computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted in anatomically realistic models of diseased (with MB) and virtually healthy (without MB) LAD from these patients, reconstructed from biplane angiograms. Our CFD simulation results demonstrated that dynamic compression of MB led to diastolic flow disturbances and could significantly reduce the coronary flow in HCM patients as compared with non-HCM group ( P < 0.01). The pressure drop coefficient was remarkably higher ( P < 0.05) in HCM patients. The flow rate change is strongly correlated with both upstream Reynolds number and MB compression ratio, while the MB length has less impact on coronary flow. The hemodynamic results and clinical outcomes revealed that HCM patients with an MB compression ratio higher than 65% required a surgical intervention. In conclusion, the transient MB compression can significantly alter the diastolic flow pattern and wall shear stress distribution in HCM patients. HCM patients with severe MB may need a surgical intervention.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study, the hemodynamic significance of myocardial bridging (MB) in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) was investigated to provide valuable information for surgical decision-making. Our results illustrated that the transient MB compression led to complex flow patterns, which can significantly alter the diastolic flow and wall shear stress distribution. The hemodynamic results and clinical outcomes demonstrated that patients with HCM and an MB compression ratio higher than 65% required a surgical intervention.
Unilateral Levator Aponeurosis Excision for Marcus Gunn Syndrome and Risk Factors of Residual Jaw Winking
Authors: Ning Qingyao , Cao Jing , Xie Jiajun , Gao Qi , Wang Changjun , Ye Juan
Published: November 2019

Purpose. To investigate the association of ptosis, levator, and jaw winking in Marcus Gunn jaw-winking synkinesis (MGJWS), and the risk factor of preservation and outcomes of the unilateral levator excision and frontalis suspension.Methods. Clinical features of MGJWS case series from 2011 to 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Association between jaw winking and ptosis/levator function was statistically analyzed. The patients underwent unilateral levator excision and frontalis suspension using silicone rod or autogenous fascia lata. Clinical outcomes were evaluated in operated patients and the independent risk factors of residual jaw winking were investigated after a long follow-up.Results. There were 42 MGJWS patients in 2011 to 2018, accounting for 2.87% of all congenital blepharoptosis. 80% of mild jaw winking was accompanied with mild ptosis and fair levator function, and moderate-to-severe jaw winking was often accompanied with moderate-to-severe ptosis and poor levator function (P<0.05). Ptosis showed a strong association with excursion of jaw winking (R = 0.785,P<0.01). Jaw winking was resolved in all 34 operated patients with good correction of ptosis. Severity of jaw winking is an independent risk factor for the residual synkinesis after surgery. Severe preoperative jaw winking had an 18.05 times increased risk of postoperative residual synkinesis compared with moderate jaw winking (P<0.05).Conclusions. In MGJWS eyelid excursion of jaw winking has a direct correlation with ptosis and dysfunction of levator muscle. Unilateral levator aponeurosis excision and frontalis suspension is an efficient approach for MGJWS. Severe jaw winking is a risk factor of residual eyelid synkinesis after surgery.
Recent Insights into the Mitochondrial Role in Autophagy and Its Regulation by Oxidative Stress
Authors: Roca-Agujetas Vicente , de Dios Cristina , Lestón Laura , Marí Montserrat , Morales Albert , Colell Anna
Published: November 2019

Autophagy is a self-digestive process that degrades intracellular components, including damaged organelles, to maintain energy homeostasis and to cope with cellular stress. Autophagy plays a key role during development and adult tissue homeostasis, and growing evidence indicates that this catalytic process also has a direct role in modulating aging. Although autophagy is essentially protective, depending on the cellular context and stimuli, autophagy outcome can lead to either abnormal cell growth or cell death. The autophagic process requires a tight regulation, with cellular events following distinct stages and governed by a wide molecular machinery. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been involved in autophagy regulation through multiple signaling pathways, and mitochondria, the main source of endogenous ROS, have emerged as essential signal transducers that mediate autophagy. In the present review, we aim to summarize the regulatory function of mitochondria in the autophagic process, particularly regarding the mitochondrial role as the coordination node in the autophagy signaling pathway, involving mitochondrial oxidative stress, and their participation as membrane donors in the initial steps of autophagosome assembly.
Oxidative Stress in Cell Death and Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Xu Tao , Ding Wei , Ji Xiaoyu , Ao Xiang , Liu Ying , Yu Wanpeng , Wang Jianxun
Published: November 2019

ROS functions as a second messenger and modulates multiple signaling pathways under the physiological conditions. However, excessive intracellular ROS causes damage to the molecular components of the cell, which promotes the pathogenesis of various human diseases. Cardiovascular diseases are serious threats to human health with extremely high rates of morbidity and mortality. Dysregulation of cell death promotes the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and is the clinical target during the disease treatment. Numerous studies show that ROS production is closely linked to the cell death process and promotes the occurrence and development of the cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we summarize the regulation of intracellular ROS, the roles of ROS played in the development of cardiovascular diseases, and the programmed cell death induced by intracellular ROS. We also focus on anti-ROS system and the potential application of anti-ROS strategy in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Twist1-Induced Epithelial Dissemination Requires Prkd1 Signaling
Authors: Georgess Dan , Padmanaban Veena , Sirka Orit Katarina , Coutinho Kester , Choi Alex , Frid Gabriela , Neumann Neil M. , Inoue Takanari , Ewald Andrew J.
Published: November 2019

Dissemination is an essential early step in metastasis but its molecular basis remains incompletely understood. To define the essential targetable effectors of this process, we developed a 3D mammary epithelial culture model, in which dissemination is induced by overexpression of the transcription factor Twist1. Transcriptomic analysis and ChIP-PCR together demonstrated that protein kinase D1 (Prkd1) is a direct transcriptional target of Twist1 and is not expressed in the normal mammary epithelium. Pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of Prkd1 in the Twist1-induced dissemination model demonstrated that Prkd1 was required for cells to initiate extracellular matrix (ECM)–directed protrusions, release from the epithelium, and migrate through the ECM. Antibody-based protein profiling revealed that Prkd1 induced broad phosphorylation changes, including an inactivating phosphorylation of β-catenin and two microtubule depolymerizing phosphorylations of Tau, potentially explaining the release of cell–cell contacts and persistent activation of Prkd1. In patients with breast cancer, TWIST1 and PRKD1 expression correlated with metastatic recurrence, particularly in basal breast cancer. Prkd1 knockdown was sufficient to block dissemination of both murine and human mammary tumor organoids. Finally, Prkd1 knockdown in vivo blocked primary tumor invasion and distant metastasis in a mouse model of basal breast cancer. Collectively, these data identify Prkd1 as a novel and targetable signaling node downstream of Twist1 that is required for epithelial invasion and dissemination.

Significance:

Twist1 is a known regulator of metastatic cell behaviors but not directly targetable. This study provides a molecular explanation for how Twist1-induced dissemination works and demonstrates that it can be targeted.
α-Particle–Emitter Radiopharmaceutical Therapy: Resistance Is Futile
Authors: Sgouros George
Published: November 2019

Alpha-emitter radiopharmaceutical therapy (α-RPT) is a treatment modality that is impervious to conventional cellular resistance mechanisms because of the unique properties of the α-particle. Radiobiological studies of α-particle emitters have been few as they require detailed consideration of both biology and physics. Clinical studies of this radiation delivery modality have shown highly promising results in cancers that are resistant to other treatments. The work by Yard and colleagues published in this issue introduces an innovative approach to radiobiological investigations of α-RPT and highlights the specific physics considerations required to properly investigate this multidisciplinary treatment modality.

See related article by Yard et al., p. 5640
Prevalence and Impact of Dietary Avoidance among Individuals with Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Authors: Dempsey Alison , Butt Melissa , Kirby Joslyn S.
Published: November 2019

Background: People with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) are interested in dietary alterations to manage the condition. However, there are few data on the prevalence of this or the impact on HS activity. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and impact of dietary alterations made by people with HS. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was sent to people with HS through multiple sources. Participants reported food alterations in the prior 6 months. ­Results: Overall, 242 complete surveys were included in this analysis; the mean age was 35.8 years, and most (87.5%) were women. The majority (75.8%, n = 182) altered at least one food from their diet. Within this group, 154 (84.6%) made changes to multiple food groups. The top 5 food groups that were altered were gluten (48.8%), dairy (44.2%), refined sugars (40.0%), tomatoes (36.7%), and alcohol (37.1%). Smoking was eliminated in 27.5% of participants. Some participants (30.9%) reported the change made the HS “much better.” Conclusions: Dietary alteration to manage HS was common among participants in this study. Some people reported improvement in HS activity, but some noted worsening. Additional research is needed to evaluate the efficacy of dietary alteration to manage HS and to better understand the underlying pathomechanisms.
Unique Case of Bilateral Exudative Retinal Detachment following Creatine Supplementation in a Patient with Autosomal Dominant Bestrophinopathy
Authors: Kopsidas Konstantinos , Javidi Hedayat , Kelly Simon P. , Aslam Tariq , Black Graeme , Mahmood Sajjad
Published: November 2019

We report a case of bilateral serous retinal detachment in a patient with rod-cone dystrophy caused by mutation of BEST1. This followed creatine monohydrate use as a dietary supplement. A 39-year-old male with rod-cone dystrophy and low hyperopia developed extensive bilateral exudative retinal detachment following creatine monohydrate diet supplementation. Five days after stopping creatine use, the bilateral retinal detachments resolved completely. This may indicate a causative relation of creatine supplementation to development of serous retinal detachment in a susceptible patient with pre-existing retinal dystrophy.
Autobiografias em Moçambique
Authors: Chaves Rita
Published: November 2019

O artigo tem como foco textos de caráter autobiográfico publicados em Moçambique a partir de 2001, nos quais as relações entre memória e poder projetam-se como uma aliança determinante na condução da história recente do país. Compreendendo a escrita como uma arena, os autores recolhem/selecionam/produzem as lembranças do período da luta armada de libertação e propõem uma leitura em que a história é delineada por vozes que, mesmo procurando incorporar uma carga de subjetividade aos discursos que registram, confluem no esforço de consolidação da macronarrativa oficial.
Corpos doentes, curas extraordinárias
Authors: Santos Gabriela Aparecida dos
Published: November 2019

Resumo
O artigo analisa Notice de géographie médicale: quelques observations sur les maladies des indigènes des provinces de Lourenço Marques et de Gaza, escrito por Georges-Louis Liengme (1859-1936), reconstituindo a confluência entre a medicina como prática social e o paradigma civilizatório que o levou a viajar para o sul do atual território de Moçambique no ano de 1891. Dominando a gramática clínica apoiada no poder de intervenção e de controle diretos sobre o indivíduo, Liengme buscou decodificar o universo africano pelo signo da doença e sob a perspectiva de corpos particularmente enfermos, à espera da ação de governos e sociedades missionárias. Para intervir nesse mundo em desordem, de loucuras e de cegueiras, o seu olhar se voltou para os referentes capazes de produzir “conexões de sentido” e “convergência de horizontes simbólicos” com as populações, mas, nesse processo, avançou em direção a uma liminaridade que acabou por subverter o sentido de sua própria presença.
O cinema e a literatura vão à guerra
Authors: Pereira Marco Antônio Machado Lima
Published: November 2019

A guerra civil espanhola (1936-1939), um dos acontecimentos emblemáticos do século XX, foi responsável por aglutinar uma geração de jovens escritores, poetas e artistas que consideravam o conflito como algo central em sua vida. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar como alguns escritores e cineastas têm retratado a guerra civil espanhola em sua obra, demonstrando de que maneira os autores dialogam com o contexto histórico-político do período entreguerras. Além disso, parte relevante de nossa proposta consiste em explorar o cinema e a literatura como formas específicas de conhecimento do mundo social. A apresentação terá como eixo central as polêmicas e os conflitos que dividiram as forças políticas de esquerda (socialistas, comunistas e anarquistas) que lutavam pela República presentes no livro de George Orwell Lutando na Espanha (1938) e no filme Terra e liberdade (1995) de Ken Loach.
O Mundo Atlântico pelo prisma da opinião pública
Authors: Ferreira Victor Bertocchi
Published: November 2019

Resenha do livro: GROESEN, Michiel van. Amsterdam’s Atlantic: Print Culture and the Making of Dutch Brazil. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2017
Amazônia brasileira, celeiro do mundo
Authors: Silva André Felipe Cândido da , De Sá Dominichi Miranda
Published: November 2019

O artigo analisa as pesquisas científicas realizadas no Instituto Agronômico do Norte (IAN), instituição criada pela política desenvolvimentista do governo brasileiro para a utilização agrícola da Amazônia nas décadas de 1940 e 1950. Discutimos especialmente as pesquisas relacionadas à chamada “teoria do ecossistema florestal”, desenvolvida pelo limnologista alemão Harald Sioli na instituição. A teoria orientou a agenda de pesquisa do IAN naquelas décadas: policultura, construção de canais de colmatagem no rio Amazonas, aproveitamento de áreas de várzea para a produção de alimentos, e o desenvolvimento da bubalinocultura nas terras firmes da região. O IAN projetava a Amazônia como celeiro do mundo e solução para a fome planetária. O principal instrumento dessa transformação seria o conhecimento de sua ecologia.
Lares partidos
Authors: Oliveira Joice Fernanda , Scheffer Rafael da Cunha
Published: November 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo investigar os impactos do comércio interno de escravizados sobre as famílias cativas e negras, nas cidades de Campinas e Salvador. Estudamos não apenas se houve manutenção ou rompimento dos laços de parentesco, mas também as reações dos escravizados e seus parentes adiante a possibilidade de venda. Para isso, ampliamos nosso enfoque da família cativa à família negra para evidenciar e compreender processos que envolveram familiares cativos, libertos e livres. Buscamos entender as ações das famílias para manter a sua coesão, usando a legislação vigente e as negociações diretas com os senhores ao longo da segunda metade do século XIX. Constatamos que ao mesmo tempo em que a legislação foi respeitada, em outros tantos momentos as regras não o foram, e as famílias precisaram lutar pela integridade de seus lares, reclamando o cumprimento do que estava escrito ou exprimindo as suas próprias interpretações das letras da lei.
A expulsão de um missionário “tapuitinga” da Amazônia pombalina
Authors: Arenz Karl Heinz , Prudente Gabriel de Cassio Pinheiro
Published: November 2019

Em 1756, um ano após a promulgação das primeiras leis reformadoras do futuro Marquês de Pombal para a Amazônia portuguesa, o jesuíta Lourenço Kaulen redigiu, enquanto missionário da aldeia de Piraguiri no rio Xingu, uma carta-ânua. Nela, além das atividades pastorais regulares, ele descreveu sua expulsão violenta da missão. Integrante do grupo de padres “tapuitinga”, ou centro-europeus, que vieram no início da década de 1750, Kaulen é um dos primeiros religiosos a ser acusado de desobediência à nova legislação. A carta-ânua, além de relatar o precário cotidiano numa missão remota no interior amazônico, constitui uma das primeiras referências a uma ação antijesuítica que, por sinal, contou com a implicação direta dos neófitos indígenas.
Amazônia, desenvolvimento e relações raciais na antropologia de Charles Wagley (1940-1950)
Authors: Maio Marcos Chor
Published: November 2019

Este artigo versa sobre as relações entre antropologia, saúde, desenvolvimento e relações raciais a partir da experiência do antropólogo norte-americano Charles Wagley no Serviço Especial de Saúde Pública (Sesp), durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial (1942-1945), e no estudo de comunidade realizado em Gurupá (PA), uma das iniciativas do projeto de criação do Instituto Internacional da Hiléia Amazônica (IIHA), sob o patrocínio da Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura (Unesco), no ano de 1948. O livro Amazon town (1953) traz a etnografia de Wagley, suas experiências afeitas à antropologia aplicada, além de revelar as marcas da Guerra Fria, da política do Ponto IV, do programa Area Studies, da agenda antirracista da Unesco e, simultaneamente, expressar preocupações quanto aos efeitos considerados irreversíveis dos processos de transformação do mundo da tradição da cultura local. Com o objetivo de minimizar potenciais conflitos suscitados pelas mudanças no universo rural, Wagley pondera que as populações do interior deveriam ser entendidas em seus próprios termos para que a modernização em curso fosse bem-sucedida. Assim, o conhecimento antropológico poderia contribuir para modernização das regiões subdesenvolvidas.
Aruás en los primeros tiempos del Directorio
Authors: Ibáñez-Bonillo Pablo
Published: November 2019

La aplicación del Directorio pombalino supuso una serie de transformaciones para las poblaciones indígenas de la Amazonía. Con el incentivo de la lengua portuguesa o la adopción de nombres y apellidos portugueses, entre otras medidas, se pretendió acabar con la heterogeneidad étnica y lingüística en la región. Sin embargo, el Directorio tuvo que ser negociado con las autoridades locales de cada comunidad y el resultado fue más complejo de lo esperado por la corona. A partir del estudio de caso de dos comunidades (Chaves y Rebordello), situadas en la desembocadura del río Amazonas, este artículo explora las continuidades y transformaciones de sus habitantes en la primera década del Directorio. Para ello, se ha analizado la correspondencia de los administradores de ambas localidades para informar al Gobernador del Estado de Grão-Pará y Maranhão. Esta perspectiva anclada en la cotidianeidad de las poblaciones nos permite comprender mejor las lógicas de resistencia y negociación de los indígenas aruás que habitaban esta región desde, por lo menos, los primeros tiempos de la conquista europea.
Crise da representatividade nas sociedades contemporâneas
Authors: Nascimento Kelvis Leandro do , Silva Allyson Darlan Moreira da
Published: November 2019

Resenha do livro: CASTELLS, Manuel. Ruptura: a crise da democracia liberal. Tradução: Joana Angélica d’Avila Melo. São Paulo: Zahar, 2018.
A resenha apresenta as análises projetadas pelo sociólogo espanhol Manuel Castells em sua mais recente obra, Ruptura: crise da democracia liberal (2018). Neste livro, Castells elabora um panorama geral dos eventos políticos mais recentes, como Brexit, a eleição norte-americana que levou Donald Trump ao poder, bem como o movimento conservador liberal originário da dissolução da confiança nas instituições políticas, o agravamento da crise econômica global, desemprego em marcha e fim do protagonismo de partidos políticos tradicionais nos Estados Unidos, na Europa e em países latinoamericanos
Intervenção ergonômica destinada a auxiliar professores no procedimento da troca de fraldas em centro de educação infantil em São Paulo
Authors: Bezerra Luiz Rafael , Sá Eduardo Costa
Published: November 2019

Introdução: A ergonomia tem como objetivo otimizar as condições de trabalho por meio de avaliações técnicas e de interações entre seres humanos. Objetivo: Apresentar em relato de caso, sob a perspectiva ergonômica, de experiência obtida em relação à atividade da troca de fraldas de crianças na faixa etária entre 0 e 3 anos, em quatro Centros de Educação Infantil, vinculados à Prefeitura Municipal de São Paulo e administrados por uma organização não governamental, nos anos de 2014 e 2015, procurando promover o bem-estar e beneficiar o desempenho das atividades exercidas por professoras de educação infantil. A ideia surgiu frente ao constante afastamento dos profissionais em razão de dor lombar e desconforto físico ao realizar a troca de fraldas das crianças. Método: Foi realizado método de observação e intervenção no processo de trabalho, com o acompanhamento de enfermeiro do trabalho e demais profissionais das áreas de Saúde e Segurança do Trabalho. Resultado e Discussão: Foram realizados encontros e análise ergonômica no posto de trabalho dos professores estudados e a equipe multiprofissional de saúde e segurança do trabalho realizou a implantação de uma escada com rodízios, auxiliando os profissionais na condução da criança até o trocador de fraldas, evitando a distensão da região lombar. Conclusão: Essa ação indicou redução do absenteísmo do trabalho por queixas e por dor lombar.
Making FAIR Easy with FAIR Tools: From Creolization to Convergence
Authors: Thompson Mark , Burger Kees , Kaliyaperumal Rajaram , Roos Marco , da Silva Santos Luiz Olavo Bonino
Published: November 2019

Since their publication in 2016 we have seen a rapid adoption of the FAIR principles in many scientific disciplines where the inherent value of research data and, therefore, the importance of good data management and data stewardship, is recognized. This has led to many communities asking “What is FAIR?” and “How FAIR are we currently?”, questions which were addressed respectively by a publication revisiting the principles and the emergence of FAIR metrics. However, early adopters of the FAIR principles have already run into the next question: “How can we become (more) FAIR?” This question is more difficult to answer, as the principles do not prescribe any specific standard or implementation. Moreover, there does not yet exist a mature ecosystem of tools, platforms and standards to support human and machine agents to manage, produce, publish and consume FAIR data in a user-friendly and efficient (i.e., “easy”) way. In this paper we will show, however, that there are already many emerging examples of FAIR tools under development. This paper puts forward the position that we are likely already in a creolization phase where FAIR tools and technologies are merging and combining, before converging in a subsequent phase to solutions that make FAIR feasible in daily practice.
Distributed Analytics on Sensitive Medical Data: The Personal Health Train
Authors: Beyan Oya , Choudhury Ananya , van Soest Johan , Kohlbacher Oliver , Zimmermann Lukas , Stenzhorn Holger , Karim Md. Rezaul , Dumontier Michel , Decker Stefan , da Silva Santos Luiz Olavo Bonino , Dekker Andre
Published: November 2019

In recent years, as newer technologies have evolved around the healthcare ecosystem, more and more data have been generated. Advanced analytics could power the data collected from numerous sources, both from healthcare institutions, or generated by individuals themselves via apps and devices, and lead to innovations in treatment and diagnosis of diseases; improve the care given to the patient; and empower citizens to participate in the decision-making process regarding their own health and well-being. However, the sensitive nature of the health data prohibits healthcare organizations from sharing the data. The Personal Health Train (PHT) is a novel approach, aiming to establish a distributed data analytics infrastructure enabling the (re)use of distributed healthcare data, while data owners stay in control of their own data. The main principle of the PHT is that data remain in their original location, and analytical tasks visit data sources and execute the tasks. The PHT provides a distributed, flexible approach to use data in a network of participants, incorporating the FAIR principles. It facilitates the responsible use of sensitive and/or personal data by adopting international principles and regulations. This paper presents the concepts and main components of the PHT and demonstrates how it complies with FAIR principles.
FAIR Computational Workflows
Authors: Goble Carole , Cohen-Boulakia Sarah , Soiland-Reyes Stian , Garijo Daniel , Gil Yolanda , Crusoe Michael R. , Peters Kristian , Schober Daniel
Published: November 2019

Computational workflows describe the complex multi-step methods that are used for data collection, data preparation, analytics, predictive modelling, and simulation that lead to new data products. They can inherently contribute to the FAIR data principles: by processing data according to established metadata; by creating metadata themselves during the processing of data; and by tracking and recording data provenance. These properties aid data quality assessment and contribute to secondary data usage. Moreover, workflows are digital objects in their own right. This paper argues that FAIR principles for workflows need to address their specific nature in terms of their composition of executable software steps, their provenance, and their development.
Taking FAIR on the ChIN: The Chemistry Implementation Network
Authors: Coles Simon J. , Frey Jeremy G. , Willighagen Egon L. , Chalk Stuart J.
Published: November 2019

The Chemistry Implementation Network (ChIN) is focused on supporting the FAIR Data needs of the research community regarding chemical related data. An Implementation Network is a consortium drawn from a community, in this case the chemistry discipline, committed to defining and constructing standards, materials and software in the spirit of the FAIR data principles and under the structure of the GO FAIR project. Furthermore, as a core science the ChIN has to reach beyond the chemistry community and support the use of chemical information in other disciplines. This will be facilitated through connections in the GO FAIR ecosystem of Implementation Networks. Examples of the FAIR chemical concepts that need to be supported include molecular and materials structures, chemical reactions, nomenclature and other chemical terminology and conventions. The ChIN aims to drive forward the application of the FAIR Data Principles relating to the full range of chemistry concepts that are key to the transparent and efficient communication of chemical information. Realizing the goal of FAIR chemistry data will require a culture change across the discipline. However this is best addressed once a critical mass of tools and approaches has been developed.
Data Management Planning: How Requirements and Solutions are Beginning to Converge
Authors: Jones Sarah , Pergl Robert , Hooft Rob , Miksa Tomasz , Samors Robert , Ungvari Judit , Davis Rowena I. , Lee Tina
Published: November 2019

Effective stewardship of data is a critical precursor to making data FAIR. The goal of this paper is to bring an overview of current state of the art of data management and data stewardship planning solutions (DMP). We begin by arguing why data management is an important vehicle supporting adoption and implementation of the FAIR principles, we describe the background, context and historical development, as well as major driving forces, being research initiatives and funders. Then we provide an overview of the current leading DMP tools in the form of a table presenting the key characteristics. Next, we elaborate on emerging common standards for DMPs, especially the topic of machine-actionable DMPs. As sound DMP is not only a precursor of FAIR data stewardship, but also an integral part of it, we discuss its positioning in the emerging FAIR tools ecosystem. Capacity building and training activities are an important ingredient in the whole effort. Although not being the primary goal of this paper, we touch also the topic of research workforce support, as tools can be just as much effective as their users are competent to use them properly. We conclude by discussing the relations of DMP to FAIR principles, as there are other important connections than just being a precursor.
Observations of Typhoon Waves in a Reef Lagoon of the South China Sea
Authors: Cai Z. W. , Chen W. W. , Liu X. L. , Sun Z.
Published: November 2019

Based on wave measurements lasting three and a half years, typhoon wave characteristics in a lagoon of the South China Sea are discussed in this paper. According to the upper boundaries of wind speed and significant wave height Hs, the maximum wave height has a similar rate of change as the maximum wind speed. The peak frequencies decrease in the approaching stage and are concentrated with an average of 0.1415 Hz in the leaving stage. The distributions of the wind and wave directions indicate that the local wind waves and the waves from the open sea propagated to the site in the approaching and leaving stages, respectively. Wind waves generated inside the lagoon are fetch-trapped, and the spectra can be described by αf(−4) or βk(−2.5) when f > fp. In addition, the measurements show that the nondimensional maximum spectrum can be estimated by the nondimensional fetch. The spectra of the waves from the open sea can be described by . Parameters a and c are determined by the nondimensional peak frequency. In addition, it is found that the peak energy density S(fp) is a linear function of for all waves.
Trauma-Focused Presence
Authors: Cameron Anthony
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this article is to capture and illuminate a trauma-focused presence in psychotherapy treatment. The goal is to highlight an integrative approach that centers on the trauma survivor’s battle with freedom and limitation. Both the expansive and the constrictive tendencies of many traumatized clients are exemplified, focusing on the dichotomous or polarized positions that clients present. Key factors of evidence-based therapeutic relationships that can guide therapist stances and engagement efforts are explored. This approach moves away from an overemphasis on and strict adherence to the medical model framework and toward a contextual standard grounded in a humanistic blanket and characterized by a person-centered and relationally driven therapeutic approach. The trauma therapist chiefly fosters engagement and makes space or pathways for an assortment of therapeutic interventions that are congruent with the client’s theory of change and take shape organically. Developing intrapersonal and interpersonal presence are primary focal points that correlate with the importance of personal and interactive processes in successful psychotherapy outcome research. Meaning making is at the core of a trauma-focused presence and takes place through client and therapist dialogue.
Can’t be held responsible: Weak norms and refugee protection evasion
Authors: Coen Alise
Published: November 2019

States have increasingly moved away from refugee protection, intensifying the vulnerability of refugees and asylum-seekers. Drawing on theories of norm dynamics within International Relations (IR), this article argues that departures from refugee protection can be partly explained by the weakness of the normative principles governing the treatment of individuals fleeing persecution. Ambiguities, diverging interpretations, and varying levels of codification complicate efforts to hold states accountable to a complex bundle of human rights standards surrounding refugee and asylum protection. These weaknesses in the international refugee regime bolster norm-evading behavior wherein governments deliberately minimize their obligations while claiming technical compliance. Drawing on an analysis of US refugee and asylum policies under the Trump administration, the article reveals how norm evasion and accountability challenges emerge in the context of ambiguous standards vis-à-vis non-refoulement, non-detention, non-penalization, non-discrimination, and refugee responsibility-sharing.
The Influence of Felix Kaufmann’s Methodology on Harold Garfinkel’s Ethnomethodology
Authors: Hammersley Martyn
Published: November 2019

This paper examines the “methodology,” or philosophy of social science, developed by Felix Kaufmann in the second quarter of the 20th century, with the aim of determining its influence on the early work of the sociologist Harold Garfinkel. Kaufmann’s two methodology books are discussed, one written before, the other after, his migration from Austria to the United States. It is argued that Garfinkel took over Kaufmann’s conception of scientific practice: as a set of procedural rules or methods that determine whether or not new propositions will be accepted into the corpus of scientific knowledge, and whether previously accepted propositions should be retained or abandoned. However, Garfinkel deployed this methodology not so much as a model for sociological inquiry, but rather for the processes by which the lifeworld is constituted—an area of investigation that is epistemologically prior to the focus of most social science, and one which had been opened up in the writings of Edmund Husserl and (especially) Alfred Schutz. It is suggested that Kaufmann’s “methodology” was an important complement to the work of these other two philosophers in their influence on Garfinkel.
Shared ground: Between environmental history and the history of science
Authors: Hersey Mark D. , Vetter Jeremy
Published: November 2019

Recent years have witnessed a significant expansion in the number of studies positioned at the intersection of the history of science and environmental history. Although these studies continue to navigate lingering methodological tensions, collectively they underscore the promise of a disciplinary cross-fertilization that proved largely latent for the first quarter century or more following environmental history’s emergence as a discrete discipline. This article situates this recent scholarship in the historiographical landscape from which it has emerged. To that end, it (a) summarizes the fields’ early intersections; (b) examines the ways in which disciplinary tensions made the intersection fraught; (c) traces shifts in both fields that made that intersection more conducive to cross-disciplinary work; and (d) sketches the trajectories of some of the prominent threads of the recent scholarship deliberately situated at the nexus of the disciplines.
Towards the development of a forensic psychology training curriculum in South Africa
Authors: Pillay Anthony L , Gowensmith W Neil , Banks Jahsana M
Published: November 2019

With the growing need for forensic mental health services and the call for increasing rigour in clinical practice, the development of specialised training programmes appears to be increasing globally. In South Africa, the licencing authority has also been focusing on this issue, and its task group has been investigating specialty training models in regard to future developments in licensure, training, qualifications, and related registration matters. The present investigation was undertaken as a way of informing this process, especially in the area of curriculum content and development. The authors undertook a survey of existing accredited forensic psychology training programmes in the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, and Canada. The aim was to examine the qualification level, period of study, admission criteria, online study option, field placement, and the module content. The results are presented for the 62 programmes surveyed and discussed with reference to the South African context and local needs.
Healthy Aging in China: Benchmarks and Socio-Structural Correlates
Authors: McLaughlin Sara J. , Chen Yun , Tham Suzanne S. X. , Zhang Jiaan , Li Lydia W.
Published: November 2019

The objectives of this investigation were to identify a valid and practical benchmark for the assessment of healthy aging in the Chinese population and examine its socio-structural correlates. Using data from the 2011 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, we investigated the validity of a continuum of healthy aging definitions. We found that definitions of healthy aging that emphasize disease of “significance” and functional health offer a valid and practical approach to the assessment of healthy aging. Results of multilevel logistic regression analyses indicate that socio-structural characteristics of individuals (age, gender, education, and pension status), their households (structure and wealth), and communities (infrastructure and geographic region) are significantly associated with the odds of healthy aging. Policy-level interventions are needed to enable individuals, regardless of their gender, socioeconomic status, and place of residence to experience a healthy old age.