bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structured-light 3D scanning of exhibited historical clothing—a first-ever methodical trial and its results
Authors: Montusiewicz Jerzy , Miłosz Marek , Kęsik Jacek , Żyła Kamil
Published: June 2021

Historical costumes are part of cultural heritage. Unlike architectural monuments, they are very fragile, which exacerbates the problems of their protection and popularisation. A big help in this can be the digitisation of their appearance, preferably using modern techniques of three-dimensional representation (3D). The article presents the results of the search for examples and methodologies of implementing 3D scanning of exhibited historical clothes as well as the attendant problems. From a review of scientific literature it turns out that so far practically no one in the world has made any methodical attempts at scanning historical clothes using structured-light 3D scanners (SLS) and developing an appropriate methodology. The vast majority of methods for creating 3D models of clothes used photogrammetry and 3D modelling software. Therefore, an innovative approach was proposed to the problem of creating 3D models of exhibited historical clothes through their digitalisation by means of a 3D scanner using structural light technology. A proposal for the methodology of this process and concrete examples of its implementation and results are presented. The problems related to the scanning of 3D historical clothes are also described, as well as a proposal how to solve them or minimise their impact. The implementation of the methodology is presented on the example of scanning elements of the Emir of Bukhara's costume (Uzbekistan) from the end of the nineteenth century, consisting of the gown, turban and shoes. Moreover, the way of using 3D models and information technologies to popularise cultural heritage in the space of digital resources is also discussed.
A deep convolutional visual encoding model of neuronal responses in the LGN
Authors: Mounier Eslam , Abdullah Bassem , Mahdi Hani , Eldawlatly Seif
Published: June 2021

The Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN) represents one of the major processing sites along the visual pathway. Despite its crucial role in processing visual information and its utility as one target for recently developed visual prostheses, it is much less studied compared to the retina and the visual cortex. In this paper, we introduce a deep learning encoder to predict LGN neuronal firing in response to different visual stimulation patterns. The encoder comprises a deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) that incorporates visual stimulus spatiotemporal representation in addition to LGN neuronal firing history to predict the response of LGN neurons. Extracellular activity was recorded in vivo using multi-electrode arrays from single units in the LGN in 12 anesthetized rats with a total neuronal population of 150 units. Neural activity was recorded in response to single-pixel, checkerboard and geometrical shapes visual stimulation patterns. Extracted firing rates and the corresponding stimulation patterns were used to train the model. The performance of the model was assessed using different testing data sets and different firing rate windows. An overall mean correlation coefficient between the actual and the predicted firing rates of 0.57 and 0.7 was achieved for the 10 ms and the 50 ms firing rate windows, respectively. Results demonstrate that the model is robust to variability in the spatiotemporal properties of the recorded neurons outperforming other examined models including the state-of-the-art Generalized Linear Model (GLM). The results indicate the potential of deep convolutional neural networks as viable models of LGN firing.
Household knowledge, practice and treatment seeking behaviors towards cutaneous leishmaniasis in the endemic rural communities of Ganta- afeshum district, Tigrai, northern Ethiopia, 2019: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Tesfay Kebede , Mardu Fitsum , Berhe Brhane , Negash Hadush , Legese Haftom , Adhanom Gebre , Belay Getachew , Gebrewahid Aderajew , Tesfay Shinesh , Gufue Zenawi Hagos
Published: June 2021

Background

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic to Ethiopia. However, the prevention and control efforts of leishmaniasis remain unfocused with clear knowledge and practice gaps within the country. Thus, a house to house survey has been carried out to assess the knowledge, practice and treatment-seeking behavior of households towards cutaneous leishmaniasis in the rural communities of Tigrai region, northern Ethiopia.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional house-to-house survey was conducted in two selected rural villages of Ganta-afeshum district, Tigrai, northern Ethiopia in 2019. A simple random sampling technique was employed to select the participants. Household heads were interviewed using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. Epi info version 7.0 was used for data entry and the data were imported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. Chi-square test (χ2) was used to test the association between the independent variables and the knowledge and practice status of the study participants. P-value < 0.05 was used to declare a statistically significant association among the variables.

Results

In our study, most of the participants (78%) stated that cutaneous leishmaniasis is a health problem in the area. Three hundred eighty (99.5%) participants responded that the most common clinical presentation of cutaneous leishmaniasis is a lesion on the face. All of the study participants did not know the mode of cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission, and had never heard of the sand fly. A majority of the participants were unaware of the main prevention methods for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Lastly, traditional medicine was used in 90% of the study households with a previous history for cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Conclusion

There is a lack of awareness regarding the transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Ganta-afeshum, Ethiopia, where the majority of individuals are unfamiliar with the sand fly vector. Prevention methods for cutaneous leishmaniasis were unavailable among the community. Therefore, health education programs concerning cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission, prevention, and treatment in the area should be rigorously implemented.
Post-COVID-19 rehabilitation: a special look at chronic kidney disease patients
Authors: Ribeiro Heitor S. , Rodrigues Amanda E. , Cantuária Jennifer , Inda-Filho Antônio , Bennett Paul N.
Published: June 2021

Background

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can infect the kidney and the presence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) constitutes a higher risk of negative prognosis. SARS-CoV-2 main sequelae in CKD patients are an incomplete recovery of kidney function, muscle weakness and atrophy, breathiness, tiredness, pulmonary fibrosis, and initiation of kidney replacement therapy. The overall aim of this review is to provide a theoretical basis for early improvements of physical function health to all CKD stages by rehabilitation therapies.

Conclusion

Chronic kidney disease patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 should be monitored by rehabilitation professionals as the cardiopulmonary, musculoskeletal, and cognitive systems might be deteriorated. Long-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 are unknown and preventive rehabilitation may attenuate them.
Beyond effectiveness of the Strengthening Families Program (10-14): a scoping RE-AIM-based review
Authors: Pinheiro-Carozzo Nádia P. , Murta Sheila G. , Vinha Luís Gustavo do A. , da Silva Isabela M. , Fontaine Anne Marie G. V.
Published: June 2021

A scoping review, based on the RE-AIM framework, was conducted to analyze evidence of reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance of the Strengthening Families Program (10-14), a preventive family-based substance abuse program for adolescents. Sixty-five articles were included. The results disclosed that effectiveness, implementation, and maintenance at the individual-level were the most evaluated aspects, while reach, maintenance at the setting-level, and adoption were the least investigated aspects. Positive effects on drug abuse prevention and protective parenting factors were found in the U.S. studies. Likewise, Latin American studies have shown the improvement of parenting practices. However, European studies have produced mixed results, with predominantly null effects on substance abuse. The implementation quality was high. There is no available evidence of adoption and maintenance at the setting-level by the organizations that implemented it. New studies must examine the reach, adoption, and sustainability of the program to lay foundations for its future use as an instrument of public policies.
A clinical case of multiple primary cancers in a carrier of rare SDK2 and NOTCH2 gene mutations
Authors: Timoshkina Nataliya N. , Gvaldin Dmitry Y. , Omelchuk Ekaterina P. , Vashhenko Larisa N. , Ausheva Tatjana V. , Kechedzhieva Emma E. , Kit Oleg I.
Published: June 2021

Background

Genetic predisposition is one of the risk factors for the development of multiple primary cancers (MPCs), the frequency of which increases and ranges from 2 to 17%. This study describes a combination of rare mutations, rs746551843 in the NOTCH2 gene and rs144933006 in the SDK2 gene, in a woman with breast cancer and leiomyosarcoma without a clearly burdened family history.

Case presentation

A 55-year-old Caucasian woman received complex treatment on the basis of the National Medical Research Centre for Oncology for left breast cancer and leiomyosarcoma of soft tissues of the left thigh. The patient was referred for consultation with a geneticist. Among direct relatives, a maternal aunt with a history of kidney cancer was not a carrier of the studied single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The healthy son of the patient inherited both mutations.

Conclusion

Thus, perhaps in the described case, there is a synergistic effect of two alleles of moderate and low penetrance, which led to the phenotype of multiple primary cancers.
The correlation between uremic pruritus and blood lead levels in prevalent hemodialysis patients and its relation to the severity of pruritus using visual analog score
Authors: Shawky Sahar Mahmoud , Hamid Reeham Abdel Aziz Abdel , Khedr Lina Essam
Published: June 2021

Background

Pruritus is a common and often distressing symptom in patients with chronic kidney disease. Though the pathogenesis of uremic pruritus remains poorly understood, systemic inflammation has presented itself as one of the possible explanations. High blood lead levels (BLLs) have been noted to be associated with inflammation and poor nutritional status in hemodialysis patients. Our aim is to study the relation between blood lead levels and uremic pruritus. This is a cross-sectional study that enrolled 50 patients; all were on regular hemodialysis 3 times per week for at least 6 months. Patients were divided into 2 groups, group 1 (n =10) with no pruritus and group 2 (n=40) with varying degrees of pruritus. Group 2 was further divided according to intensity of pruritus by visual analog score (VAS) into mild (n=10), moderate (n=20), and severe pruritus (n=10).

Results

There was a significant difference in serum lead levels and ferritin levels between groups 1 and 2 (p value < 0.01 and < 0.05, respectively). There was a statistically significant difference in serum lead levels in the groups with varying intensity of pruritus, having higher serum lead levels in patients who exhibited severe pruritus (p value < 0.005) Moreover, a statistically significant relation between elevated blood lead levels and the duration of dialysis was observed in this study.

Conclusion

Uremic pruritus is a multi-factorial phenomenon, and our study showed that blood lead levels in hemodialysis patients might be associated with increased intensity of pruritus.
Enhancing internal multiple prediction by using the inverse-scattering series: Methodology and field application
Authors: Wu Jing , Wu Zhiming James , Xavier de Melo Frederico , Lapilli Cintia Mariela , Kostov Clément , Yassein Reham
Published: June 2021

We have introduced four approaches that dramatically enhance the application of the inverse-scattering series method for field data internal multiple prediction. The first approach aims to tackle challenges related to input data conditioning and interpolation. We address this through an efficient and fit-for-purpose data regularization strategy, which in this work is a nearest-neighbor search followed by differential moveout to accommodate various acquisition configurations. The second approach addresses cost challenges through application of angle constraints over the dip angle and opening angle, reducing computational cost without compromising model quality. We also develop an automatic solution for parameterization. The third approach segments the prediction by limiting the range of the multiples’ generator, which can benefit the subsequent adaptive subtraction. The fourth approach works on improving predicted model quality. The strategy includes correctly incorporating the 3D source effect and obliquity factor to enhance the amplitude fidelity of the predicted multiples in terms of frequency spectrum and angle information. We illustrate challenges and report on the improvements in cost, quality, or both from the new workflow, using examples from synthetic data and from three field data 2D lines representative of shallow- and deepwater environments.
The Imprisoned Queen
Authors: Feng Anne N.
Published: June 2021

This paper reconsiders how and why the representation of landscape became an increasingly central component of Pure Land art in the Tang dynasty. Focusing on the seventh-century Cave 209, I examine the first set of mountain panels at Dunhuang, arguing that those polychrome landscapes represent Vulture Peak, the sacred abode of Śākyamuni Buddha. Cave 209 shows how Lady Vaidehī—the protagonist of the Meditation Sutra—emerges as the first female viewer of landscape in Chinese art. Departing from the Meditation Sutra, painters at Dunhuang resituate Lady Vaidehī, the formerly imprisoned royal consort and model Pure Land adept, within mountain ranges where she converses with the Buddha. I argue that Lady Vaidehī's encounter with the Buddha is mapped onto the space of a Dunhuang cave to enable the viewer to assume her position when facing the icon of Śākyamuni surrounded by Vulture Peak. By grappling with Vaidehī's imprisonment, painters use landscape to develop a new spatial imagery of salvation. I maintain that the striking innovations in landscape representation at Dunhuang—achievements that have been seen to anticipate later Tang “blue and green” landscapes—are in actuality based on an effort to visualize Buddhist soteriology in the early seventh century.
A Prospective, Phase I/II, Open-Label Pilot Trial to Assess the Safety of Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy After Oncological Resection of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yurttas Can , Horvath Philipp , Fischer Imma , Meisner Christoph , Nadalin Silvio , Königsrainer Ingmar , Königsrainer Alfred , Beckert Stefan , Löffler Markus W.
Published: June 2021

Background

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a common fatal disease with unfavorable prognosis, even after oncological resection. To improve survival, adding hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has been suggested. Whether HIPEC entails disproportional short-term mortality is unknown and a prospectively determined adverse events profile is lacking. Since both pancreatic resection and HIPEC may relevantly influence morbidity and mortality, this uncontrolled single-arm, open-label, phase I/II pilot trial was designed to assess the 30-day mortality rate, treatment feasibility, and adverse events connected with HIPEC after oncological pancreatic surgery.

Methods

This trial recruited patients scheduled for PDAC resection. A sample size of 16 patients receiving study interventions was estimated to establish a predefined margin of treatment-associated short-term mortality with a power of > 80%. Patients achieving complete macroscopic resection received HIPEC with gemcitabine administered at 1000 mg/m2 body surface area heated to 42 °C for 1 hour.

Results

Within 30 days after intervention, no patient died or experienced any adverse events higher than grade 3 that were related to HIPEC. Furthermore, treatment-related adverse events were prospectively documented and categorized as expected or unexpected. This trial supports that the actual mortality rate after PDAC resection and HIPEC is below 10%. HIPEC treatment proved feasible in 89% of patients allocated to intervention. Pancreatic fistulas, as key complications after pancreas surgery, occurred in 3/13 patients under risk.

Conclusion

Combined pancreas resection and gemcitabine HIPEC proved feasible and safe, with acceptable morbidity and mortality. Based on these results, further clinical evaluation can be justified.

Registration Number

NCT02863471 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Ureteroscopic Cryoablation for Patients with Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma of a Solitary Kidney: A Porcine Model and Our Pilot Clinical Experience
Authors: Zou Lujia , Liu Rongzong , Xu Chenyang , Yang Chen , Zhang Zheyu , Hu Jimeng , Jiang Haowen
Published: June 2021

Purpose

To investigate the safety and efficacy of ureteroscopic cryoablation by a liquid-nitrogen system in a porcine model and for patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) of a solitary kidney.

Methods

In the animal experiment, the right-sided ureter was frozen in nine pigs. Eight were randomly assigned to two different groups according to the freezing duration of 60 or 90 s. The other one was designed to receive a 10-min freeze. The treated ureters were harvested at 30 min, 2 days, 4 weeks, and 3 months after cryoablation for histological evaluation. After the animal study, we conducted a pilot clinical trial that enrolled six patients who were diagnosed with UTUC of a solitary kidney and received therapeutic management with ureteroscopic cryoablation at our center. Perioperative adverse events and oncological outcomes were evaluated.

Results

In the porcine model, the liquid-nitrogen system was capable of forming a therapeutic ice ball which infiltrated the full-thickness ureter and induced apoptosis and necrosis from mucosa to lamina muscularis through histological examination. In the clinical trial, cryoablation was successfully performed under ureteroscopy in all the patients, without intraoperative ureteral perforation, avulsion, or active hemorrhage. No recurrence in situ was observed during a median follow-up period of 12.5 months. Hydronephrosis and ureteral stricture was observed in one patient and was managed with ureteroscopic balloon dilation.

Conclusions

Ureteroscopic cryoablation induced by liquid nitrogen is a promising technique for conservative management of UTUC with benefits of improving local tumor control and preservation of a solitary kidney.
Η θεραπευτική σχέση στη συστημική θεραπεία
Authors: Papastylianou Antonia (Dona)
Published: June 2021

Τhis study aimed to examine the evolution of the therapeutic relationship in systemic therapy through the theoretical developments of systemic  thinking over the last few decades. In the first part, a historical overview of the de-personalized therapeutic relationship according to First Order Cybernetics perspective (from ‘50s to ‘70s) is presented, that proceeds to the therapeutic relationship with emotional disclosure in the 80s (Second Order Cybernetics) and the Constructivist position that allowed an engagement  in an ongoing relational process in therapy. Further, it traces the modifications of the therapeutic relationship through the post-modern developments; Social Constructionism, Reflexivity and Narrative therapy that allow therapist’s essential emotional involvement during co-construction of the meaning in psychotherapy, presents in brief  the "revolutionary" view of the theorist of the Open Dialogue (Seikkula, 2011), the Attachment Theory meta-model and the importance of secure attachment in therapeutic relationship. Throughout this review the issue of power imbalance in the therapeutic relationship is discussed, as this underlies the ideological debate of client’s resistance towards the therapist’s positions. In the second part, methodological approaches and psychometric tools regarding research for the documentation of the importance of the therapeutic relationship in systemic therapy are reviewed and research findings are presented concerning the prevailing factors in the therapeutic relationship from the client’s point of view. Finally, issues for further training and enhanced competence  of the therapist in order to response effectively to current social-cultural needs are highlighted.
Η θεραπευτική σχέση στην υπαρξιακή-ανθρωπιστική προσέγγιση
Authors: Georganda Evgenia T.
Published: June 2021

This article intends to highlight the importance of the psychotherapeutic relationship and the way with which it is viewed by the Existential-Humanistic approach to psychotherapy and counseling. The introduction includes a brief overview of the various existential approaches and the common way with which they all view therapy. The article continues by relating the basic premises of the Existential-Humanistic approach as well as its understanding of human beings and of the process of psychotherapy. Furthermore, the factors that contribute to the establishment of the psychotherapeutic relationship are being analyzed. The Existential-Humanistic approach to psychotherapy gives emphasis to the value of a true dialogue between two human beings who are there serving the interests of the one. In order for the therapeutic relationship to be effective there needs to be a clear framework that helps the members feel safe. In this “sanctuary” the two individuals have an “I-Thou” encounter. The “presence” of both parties serves as the catalyst for change through this mutual and honest way of relating.
Η επίδραση των μορφοφωνολογικών αλλαγών στην καλλιέργεια της ορθογραφικής δομής των σύνθετων λέξεων: μια μελέτη παρέμβασης
Authors: Tsesmeli Styliani N. , Tsellou Eirini
Published: June 2021

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the training of morphological awareness of spelling words by 27 students following 4th and 6th grades of a primary school. They were compared with a group of 26 classmates who did not take part in the intervention. All students were assessed via standardized tests of spelling and reading comprehension and non-standardized tests of analogy and meaning of compounds. The intervention included a pre-test, an educational program and a post-test. Experimental material entailed compound words categorized into two conditions of morphophonological transparency (transparent/ non-transparent) and two conditions of compositionality (Modern Greek/Ancient Greek morphemes). Results showed that the systematic exercise of the morphological structure of words improved students' spelling performance in every compound type. Considerably, non-transparent items entailing ancient morphemes received the highest gains, where students presented the lowest performance before intervention. These findings underline the importance of morphological awareness in the acquisition of spelling of morphologically complex vocabulary, whose teaching is important in the highest grades of primary school.
Αντιληπτές γονικές πρακτικές και εσωτερικευμένα συμπτώματα στα παιδιά: ο ρόλος της θυματοποίησης και της ιδιοσυγκρασίας του αρνητικού συναισθήματος μέσα από μοντέλα διαμεσολάβησης και ρύθμισης
Authors: Ioannidou Louiza , Georgiou Stelios
Published: June 2021

The development of internalized symptoms in children is a complex process involving various factors. In particular, research has linked parental practices to the development of internalized symptoms in children. However, this factor alone cannot fully explain the development of internalized symptoms in children, as other factors seem to influence this process. The purpose of this study is to examine the factors and mechanisms by which children develop internalized symptoms. In particular, the research examines how the relationship between parental practices and internalized symptoms is influenced by mediator and moderator factors, such as victimization and temperament. The research includes 374 children and their parents. The children attended the 5th and 6th grade of elementary school and the 1st and 2nd grade of high school and were between the ages of 10 and 14. The children completed the following tools: the Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire, the Positive and Negative Affect Scale for Children and the Parental Bonding Instrument. The parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist – Parent Report, CBCL (Achenbach System for Empirically Based Assessment). For the statistical analysis of the data, the process method of the SPSS was used to construct mediation and moderated models that examine the relationship between parental practices and internalized symptoms, with victimization as mediator and temperament of negative affectivity as moderator factor. The results of the research highlighted that the relationship between parental practices and internalized symptoms is mediated by victimization, suggesting that a significant part of the above relationship is due to the mediation of victimization. The research also showed that negative affectivity temperament functions as a moderator factor in the relationship between parenting practices and internalized symptoms, suggesting that children with negative affectivity temperament develop more internalized symptoms when their parents use negative parenting practices. The research findings can contribute to the psychosocial and psycho-emotional empowerment of children, through the design of appropriate prevention and intervention programs.
Ethics issues identified by applicants and ethics experts in Horizon 2020 grant proposals
Authors: Buljan Ivan , Pina David  G , Marušić Ana
Published: June 2021

Background: We assessed the ethics review of proposals selected for funding under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) and the European Research Council (ERC) in Horizon 2020, EU’s framework programme for research and innovation, 2014-2020.

Methods: We analysed anonymized datasets for 3,054 MSCA individual fellowships (IF), 417 MSCA Innovative Training Networks (ITN), and 1,465 ERC main-listed proposals with ethics conditional clearance, over four years (2016 to 2019). The datasets included the information on ethics issues identified by applicants in their proposal and ethics issues and requirements identified by ethics experts during the ethics review.

Results: 42% of proposals received ethical clearance. For proposals with conditional ethics clearance (n=3546), most of the identified ethics issues by both applicants and ethics experts were in the ethics categories related to humans; protection of personal data; environment, health and safety; and non-EU countries. Ethics experts identified twice as many ethics issues compared to applicants across funding schemes, years, and from high- and low-research performing countries. ERC grants had the highest number of ethics requirements per proposal (median (Md)=8, interquartile range (IQR=4-14), compared to ITN (Md=6, IQR=3-13) and IF grants (Md=3, IQR=2-6). The majority of requirements had to be fulfilled after grant agreement: 99.4% for IF, 99.5% for ITN, and 26.0% for ERC. For 9% of the proposals, the requirements included the appointment of an independent ethics advisor and 1% of the proposals had to appoint an ethics advisory board.

Conclusions: Many applicants for highly competitive H2020 funding schemes lack awareness of ethics issues raised by their proposed research. There is a need for better training of researchers at all career stages about ethics issues in research, more support to researchers from research organizations to follow the funding agencies requirements, as well as further development and harmonization of the ethics appraisal process during grant assessment.
Economic costs of accessing tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic services in Malawi: an analysis of patient costs from a randomised controlled trial of computer-aided chest x-ray interpretation
Authors: Kamchedzera Wala , Maheswaran Hendramoorthy , Squire S Bertie , Joekes Elizabeth , Pai Madhukar , Nliwasa Marriott , G Lalloo David , Webb Emily L. , Corbett Elizabeth L. , MacPherson Peter
Published: June 2021

Background:Patients with tuberculosis (TB) symptoms in low-resource settings face convoluted diagnostic and treatment linkage pathways, incurring substantial health-seeking costs. In the context of a randomised trial looking at the impact of novel diagnostics such as computer-aided chest x-ray diagnosis (CAD4TB), we aimed to investigate the costs incurred by patients seeking TB diagnosis and whether optimised diagnostic interventions could result in a reduction in the cost faced by households.

Methods:PROSPECT was a three-arm randomised trial conducted in a public primary health clinic in Blantyre, Malawi during 2018-2019 (trial arms: standard of care [SOC]; HIV testing [HIV]; HIV testing and CAD4TB [HIV/TB]). The direct and indirect costs incurred by 219 PROSPECT participants over the 56-day follow-up period were collected. Costs were deemed catastrophic if they exceeded 20% of annual household income. We compared mean costs and used generalised linear regression models to examine whether the interventions could result in a reduction in total costs.

Results:The mean total cost incurred by all 219 participants was US$12.11 (standard error (SE): 1.86). The indirect and direct cost was US$8.47 (SE: 1.66) and US$3.64 (SE: 0.38), respectively. The mean total cost composed of 5.6% of the average annual household income. In total, 5% (9/180) of the participants with complete income data incurred catastrophic costs. Compared to SOC, there was no statistically significant difference in the mean total cost faced by those in the HIV (ratio: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.51, 1.19) and HIV/TB arms (ratio: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.53, 1.37).

Conclusions:Despite the absence of user fees, patients seeking healthcare with TB symptoms incurred catastrophic costs. The optimised TB diagnostic interventions that were investigated in the PROSPECT study did not significantly reduce costs. TB diagnosis interventions should be implemented alongside social protection policies whilst ensuring healthcare facilities are accessible by the poor.
Incidence of potato green aphid and Lyriomiza sp. in radish plants grown on different levels of organic fertilizer
Authors: Borges Vinicius , De Souza Lemos Neto Hozano , Melo Jose Wagner da Silva , Guimarães Marcelo Almeida
Published: June 2021

Radish is a short cycle horticultural product from family Brassicaceae. Between the insects found on radish leaves, potato green aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) is one of the main pests of this culture, causing economic damage. Synthetic fertilizers used in conventional crops can promote changes in the pattern of amino acids in plants, leading to a higher insect damage. The source of fertilization is one of the factors that could influence in the incidence of pests. The objective of the study was to evaluate the incidence of potato green aphid and other pests on radish plants grown with different doses of organic fertilizer. The experiment was carried under semi-field conditions, in Fortaleza (Ceará State). A completely randomized design was used, with six replicates. The treatments consisted of five doses of organic compost (0; 45; 60; 75; 90 t.ha-1). For the population survey of pests and natural enemies, counts were made in three evaluations (7, 14 and 21 days after sowing). The counting data were subjected to deviance analysis using a generalized linear model (GLM). It was observed significant differences in the number of adults M. persicae in the treatments of 75 and 90 t.ha-1. Presence of leafminer (Lyriomiza sp.) was observed on plants without and with the lower doses of organic fertilizer. Even using organic fertilizers that promote a slower liberation of nutrients, high incidence of pests (Mainly M. persicae) was observed on radish plants.
Análisis del concepto de equivalencia en la traducción institucional del ámbito de la Unión Europea
Authors: Castellano Martínez José María
Published: June 2021

This paper aims to analyze the concept of equivalence which is registered within the specialized context of the European Union institutions. Firstly, a historical sketch of the principal theories about equivalence is provided in order to studying the said concept from three different perspectives, namely, linguistics -the study of this concept in relation to multilingualism policy-, legal -the relevance of the legal and institutional framework according to this concept of equivalence-, and finally, a perspective from the translation studies to investigate the notions of ST and TT as well as the act of linguistic translation it-self; between other aspects related to translating in this specialized field. Finally, this work aims to provide a proposed definition for the said concept of equivalence by considering the conclusions from the previous issues, considered as limits defining this context of specialization.
Technical Note—Optimal Patrol of a Perimeter
Authors: Lin Kyle Y.
Published: June 2021

A defender dispatches patrollers to circumambulate a perimeter to guard against potential attacks. The defender decides on the time points to dispatch patrollers and each patroller’s direction and speed, as long as the long-run rate at which patrollers are dispatched is capped at some constant. An attack at any point on the perimeter requires the same amount of time, during which it will be detected by each passing patroller independently with the same probability. The defender wants to maximize the probability of detecting an attack before it completes, while the attacker wants to minimize it. We study two scenarios, depending on whether the patrollers are undercover or wear a uniform. Conventional wisdom would suggest that the attacker gains advantage if he can see the patrollers going by so as to time his attack, but we show that the defender can achieve the same optimal detection probability by carefully spreading out the patrollers probabilistically against a learning attacker.
fink’s notion of play in the context of philosophical inquiry with children.
Authors: Petropoulos Georgios
Published: June 2021

Research in education indicates that the Philosophy for Children (P4C) curriculum is instrumental in achieving important educational objectives. And yet, it is precisely this instrumentalist conception of P4C that has been challenged by a second generation of P4C scholars. Among other things, these scholars argue that P4C must remain vigilant toward, and avoid subscribing to 1) developmentalism and 2) a reductive identification of thinking with rationality. On the contrary, they suggest that P4C must ensure that it gives voice to childhood, allowing it to enter a genuine dialogue with adulthood. Scholars who defend a non-reductive and non-instrumentalist approach to P4C, highlight the significance of play in philosophy sessions with children. In this paper I examine the extent to which the philosophical inquiry that takes place in the context P4C can be understood as a playful activity. I submit that Fink’s account of play can help us reach a better understanding of what we mean by play, which in turn can help us examine the compatibility between the activities of P4C and play. In the first part of the paper, I examine some of the basic ideas of P4C and raise the question about the compatibility of philosophical inquiry and play. In the second part of the paper, I engage in a philosophical appreciation of play by drawing on the work of Eugen Fink. In the final part of the paper, I show how play – understood along Fink’s lines – is compatible with philosophical inquiry as practiced in school settings.
Impressionistic poetics of the short stories „Kew Gardens” by W. Woolf and „Intermezzo” by M. Kotsyubynsky
Authors:   Poltava V.G. Korolenko National Pedagogical University, Lenska S. V.
Published: June 2021

The article compares two examples of modernist short stories of the early twentieth century – „Kew Gardens” by the British writer W. Woolf and „Intermezzo” by the Ukrainian writer M. Kotsyubynsky. Such a comparative study has been carried out for the first time. Most researchers associate Woolfe with „stream of consciousness” literature, but in the short story „Kew Gardens” we see signs of impressionist poetics. “Intermezzo” by M. Kotsiubynsky is traditionally regarded as an example of impressionism. In both texts, the narration is in the first person, there are elements of the „stream of consciousness”; the opposition of social and natural worlds is shown. The narrators in both short stories enjoy the contemplation of nature. The English literary writing contains a fragmentary composition, combining disparate, unrelated episodes. In the Ukrainian text, we observe the internal evolution of the main character-narrator, who is internally reborn in the bosom of nature, filled with new forces. Differences between short stories: Virginia Woolf depicts several visitors to London’s Kew Gardens; Kotsyubinsky creates an autobiographical image of the writer, who is reborn under the influence of nature. In both literary writings, sound, visual, tactile images play an important role, in particular, images of flowers, a snail (W. Woolf), summer fields, the sun, larks, three white shepherd dogs (M. Kotsyubinsky). Both literary writings are examples of the psychological mood of the modernist novella. A comparative analysis of the two texts allows us to compare the Ukrainian literary process with world trends.
Features of gender representation in English based on the British press
Authors:   Dnipropetrovsk State University of Internal Affairs, Kozubai I. V. , Khadzhy A. Yu. ,   Dnipropetrovsk State University of Internal Affairs, Zamkova D. R. ,   Dnipropetrovsk State University of Internal Affairs
Published: June 2021

Formed in the second half of the twentieth century the socio-cultural situation is characterized by an anthropocentric approach to consciousness and thinking understanding which has led to a shift in the emphasis of scientific research in the field of various parameters of a person's personality. Modern humanitarian science puts forward language and discourse study, as a product of human speech activity, as a priority, while increasing the importance of the individual. Gaining popularity all over the world gender studies show asymmetry. Being a means of depicting social stereotypes media discourse helps to study gender issues and their categories through the prism of modern trends analyzing in the representation of femininity and masculinity. Being an agent for shaping gender relations the media play one of the most important roles. And gender-oriented media represent a separate type of media discourse that aims to cover various fields of life. Within the framework of the anthropocentric approach in linguistic science, it is proposed to study the issues of the relationship and interdependence of language and gender, which are dealt with by a relatively young direction – gender linguistics. This scientific direction makes it possible to identify the representation and construction of gender on the example of the British press. Tendencies in the construction of gender stereotypes in the English-language press were formed and combined into a general classification of the representation of femininity and masculinity, and the dominant ways of representing gender in media discourse were found which are necessary to influence the emotional feelings of the male or female reader.
Surgical management of obesity: what you need to know
Authors: Wakeford William , Ahluwalia Aashish , Borg Cynthia-Michelle
Published: June 2021

Obesity is a worldwide epidemic and official figures demonstrate a rising prevalence, both in the UK and globally. Increasingly, there is a recognised place for surgical intervention in carefully selected patients, but there is limited understanding of the pathway and process among non-specialist clinicians. This article summarises the available guidelines and literature on the surgical management of obesity for hospital physicians, surgeons and GPs. The focus is on appropriate referral criteria, key bariatric procedures, postoperative management and, most importantly, the complications of surgery and how to recognise them.
Reconsidering Development Aid: A Systemic Analysis
Authors: Gülseven Yahya
Published: June 2021

In the political and academic debates on development aid in the post-Cold War years, there is often reference to a “new aid architecture.” This study explores what is new about this “new architecture of aid” and traces change and continuity by comparing the form and essence of aid architecture in the Cold War and the post-Cold War years. It discusses to what extent development aid can be interrogated within the inter-systemic competition during the Cold War period. After having located aid into a systemic framework, it seeks to understand the emergence of the “new aid architecture” in the post-Cold War years. To this end, it first analyses the relevance of aid to the hegemonic project that pursues the proletarianization of the world's poor. It then focuses on aid's role in transforming social and industrial relations to promote capitalist competitiveness at the global level. In this respect, it pays particular attention to “global value chains.” This study argues that “new aid architecture” is nothing more than an attempt to set a new framework for the role and contribution of aid in expanding and deepening the hegemony of capital over labor on a global scale in the absence of the Soviet factor.
Classical Labor Values: Properties of Economic Reproduction
Authors: Zachariah David , Cockshott Paul
Published: June 2021

We consider economic value as a property that renders heterogeneous goods and services commensurable. Starting from the basic division of output between workers and non-workers, we are able to derive value as a property of systems of economic reproduction. We show its relation to value in classical political economy and in Sraffian economic theory. We go on to discuss the applicability of the derivation and its relevance for analyzing distribution, productivity and employment in a wide range of economies.
Heterostructured Cu2O–Au nanowire as a dual-functional nanocomposite for environmental pollutant degradation and hydrogen peroxide sensing
Authors: Wei Yisheng , Yuan Xiaobo , Han Chuanshen , Li Chonghui , Li Zhen , Zhang Chao , Peng Qianqian , Lei Fengcai , Gao Yuanmei , Yu Jing
Published: June 2021

Materials engineering is generally regarded as one of the most effective methods in the construction of photocatalysts, but it still faces many challenges. In this context, we designed and prepared a three-dimensional (3D) heterostructure of nanowires (NWs) formed by

C
u

2

O

core and an Au shell. The

C
u

2

O

–

A
u

NWs not only show fine photocatalytic ability but also proved to have Fenton-like chemical properties and can be used as a hydrogen peroxide sensor. Moreover, this heterostructure realizes an integration of catalytic efficiency, retrievability, and versatility. In further consideration of the facile preparation process and low-cost material source of the structure, the

C
u

2

O

–

A
u

NWs show a promising application prospect in the field of multifunctional photocatalysts.
Cross-polarized wave-generation-based single-shot fourth-order autocorrelator
Authors: Wang Peng , Shen Xiong , Huang Shunlin , Liu Jun
Published: June 2021

A single-shot fourth-order autocorrelator based on cross-polarized wave generation (XPW) is proposed for the temporal contrast measurement, where the XPW process has the advantages of higher energy conversion efficiency, more compact setup, and less sensitivity to misalignment in comparison to the self-diffraction process. The measurement dynamic of

1

0

12

is obtained with only 6 mJ input laser pulse, where the input beam for XPW is focused by a cylindrical lens and XPW signal with the energy of 400 µJ and time duration of 27.2 fs is obtained. Furthermore, beta-barium borate crystal with the thickness of 6 mm and cutting angle of 56° is used for the sum-frequency generation process to benefit the correlation efficiency. The compact setup could help explore the temporal contrast property of the high-power laser pulse.
Residual grounding transformer network for terrain recognition on the lunar surface
Authors: Qiu Linwei , Li Haichao , Li Zhi , Wang Cheng
Published: June 2021

It is of paramount importance for a rover running on an extraterrestrial body surface
to recognize the dangerous zones autonomously. This automation is
inevitable due to the communication delay. However, as far as we know,
there are few annotated terrain recognition datasets for
extraterrestrial bodies. Furthermore, the lack of datasets hinders the
training and evaluation of recognition algorithms. Therefore, we first
built the Chang’e 3 terrain recognition (CE3TR) dataset to address
terrain recognition and semantic segmentation problems on the lunar
surface. The moon is one of the nearest celestial bodies to the earth;
our work is geared towards extraterrestrial bodies. The images of our
dataset are captured by the Yutu moon rover, which can retain the real
illumination condition and terrain environment on the moon. A residual
grounding transformer network (RGTNet) is also proposed to find out
unsafe areas like rocks and craters. The residual grounding
transformer is introduced to facilitate cross-scale interactions of
different level features. A local binary pattern feature fusion module
is another notable part of the RGTNet, which contributes to extracting
the boundaries of different obstacles. We also present the ability of
new loss, called smooth intersection over union loss, to mitigate
overfitting. To evaluate RGTNet, we have conducted extensive
experiments on our CE3TR dataset. The experimental results demonstrate
that our model can recognize risky terrain readily and outperforms
other state-of-the-art methods.
2.55  W continuous-wave 378  nm laser by intracavity frequency doubling
of a diode-pumped Alexandrite laser
Authors: Song Yue , Wang Zhi-Min , Bo Yong , Zhang Feng-Feng , Zhang Yi-Xuan , Zong Nan , Peng Qin-Jun
Published: June 2021

A high-power continuous-wave (CW) ultraviolet (UV) laser at 378 nm from an intracavity frequency-doubled Alexandrite laser has been demonstrated with 638 nm fiber-coupled laser diodes as the pump source. A maximum output power of 2.55 W was obtained, which is the highest power for CW frequency-doubled Alexandrite lasers, to the best of our knowledge, corresponding to the optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 7.9% from 638 nm pump laser to 378 nm UV laser. The beam quality factors

M
2

were measured to be 2.19 and 2.47 in

x

and

y

directions at UV output power of 1 W, respectively.