bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Penggunaan Variasi Konsentrasi Perekat Kanji Terhadap Lama Bakar RDF-5 Ampas Kopi Dan Serbuk Kayu Sengon
Authors: Darmawan Fuad Yanuar Widya , Wijayanto Danar Susilo , Rohman Ngatou
Published: March 2023

This research aims to determine the effect of the variations use of starch adhesive on the RDF-5 burn time from coffee ground and sengon sawdust. The method used in this research is experimental. Independent variables in this research are ratio of variations in composition of the ingredients are 0:100, 30:70, 50:50, 70:30, 100:0 and variations in concentration of adhesive are 10%, 20%, 30%. Dependent variables in this research is burn time. Control variables in this research are mesh, pressing pressure, and the resulting RDF-5 dimensions. This research was conducted in the Mechanical Engineering Education Laboratory of the UNS in Campus V. Data collection of burning time using stopwatch and blower. The longest burn time was found in 100:0 composition variation and 30% adhesive concentration. The result of research showed that the longest burn time produced by RDF- 5 which uses the most starch adhesive.
Pengaruh Desain Magnet Pada Rotor Generator Dan Variasi Kecepatan Angin Terhadap Energi Listrik Yang Dihasilkan Oleh Turbin Angin Sumbu Horizontal Skala Mikro
Authors: Albab Mohamad Ulil , Bugis Husin , Saputro Herman
Published: March 2023

Energy use in Indonesia is increasing while energy reserves in Indonesia are running low. In an effort to meet energy needs in Indonesia, there must be the development of renewable energy sources by utilizing wind energy to be converted into electrical energy using a horizontal wind turbine generator. To optimize the wind turbine generator, you can change its parameters, one of which is by changing the design of the generator magnet.

            The method used in this study is an experimental method, where the variables used in this study are the design of the magnet skew, the design of the interior magnet and the design of the magnet surface. This research was conducted at wind speeds of 1 m/s to 5 m/s using a wind tunnel. Tests were carried out using 12 V and 24 V lamp loads and no-load tests to determine the power generated by each generator.
            The results of the research are the design of the magnet on the generator rotor and variations in wind speed affect the power produced by the wind turbine, the magnetic skew produces a power of 0.974 W, the interior magnet produces a power of 0.674 W and the surface magnet produces a power of 1.386 W. Tests without load and speed variations The wind affects the power produced by the wind turbine, where the power at the generator cannot be calculated. Tests with loading and wind speed variations affect the power produced by the wind turbine, where each loading test has various results such as when a load is given to the magnetic surface design at a wind speed of 5 m/s with a loading of 24 V producing a power of 1.386 W.
Studi Penelitian Panjang Kritis Serat Alam Dengan Perlakuan Perendaman Natrium Hidroksida
Authors: Ramadhan Rangga Yanuarestu , Estriyanto Yuyun , Harjanto Budi
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the critical length of palm fiber, kenaf fiber, pineapple fiber, agave fiber, and coconut fiber with NaOH immersion treatment. This study was determine the effect of NaOH immersion treatment on the critical length of fiber. This research is an experimental exploratory research. The independent variables in this study were palm fiber, kenaf fiber, pineapple fiber, agave fiber, and coconut fiber with the dependent variable is the critical fiber length. To find the critical length of fiber using single fiber tensile test and single fiber pull out test. The data obtainde from the test results are then analyzed using formula equation to determine the critical length of each fiber. Data analysis techniques using quantitative descriptive analysis techniques. The results showed that the critical length of palm fiber, kenaf fiber, agave fiber, and coconut fiber with NaOH immersion treatment was shorter than the critical length of fiber without NaOH immersion treatment. Agave fiber has the shortest critical fiber length. The critical length of the fiber with NaOH immersion treatment are palm fiber 4.6 mm, kenaf fiber 5.4 mm, pineapple fiber 3.6 mm, agave fiber 2.2 mm, and coconut fiber 3.0 mm. 
Pengaruh Variasi Sudut Kemiringan Dan Debit Air Terhadap Daya Dan Efisiensi Turbin Air Vortex
Authors: Ayiz Fadillah Abdul , Wijayanto Danar Susilo , Estriyanto Yuyun
Published: March 2023

The vortex turbine is a moving turbine using artificial whirlpools that will then be converted into alternate energy turbines on the axis. The purpose of this study is to find out how high the Angle of skeleton tilt and dissipation of water affects the electricity and efficiency generated by vortex's water turbines. This study is using experimental methods. The study involves a few steps by preparing water turbines, sets up tools, data retrieval, and data analysis. The research free variable is a variant of the Angle of the skeletal tilt at 0, 5, 10 and a discharge of water at 6.34 l/s, 7.41 l/s, and 8.29 l/s. The bound variables of research are vortex's type of electric power and electricity efficiency. The research control variable is vortex turbine blade and vortex water turbine. The research instrument used is multimeter-based arduino, flowmeter-based arduino, tachometer, bow and digital balance. Data analysis techniques using quantitative descriptive analysis. The test conducted based on variations of water discharge at 6.34 l/s, 7.41 l/s, and 8.29 l/s and skeletal variant turbine gradient at 0, 5, and 10 of the power and efficiency of the turbines generated. Research shows that the maximum data of electrical calculation is obtained on water-discharge at 8.29 l/s with a tilted point 10 which was 10.3 watts, while the maximum efficiency data is obtained on water-diacharge at 8.29 l/s with a tilted point 10 which was 42.9%.
Evaluasi Kinerja Lulusan Program Studi Pendidikan Teknik Mesin Universitas Sebelas Maret Di Dunia Kerja
Authors: Hardika Agus , Estriyanto Yuyun , Widiastuti Indah
Published: March 2023

Evaluation of the performance of study program graduates in the world of work is one indicator of higher education quality. The high performance of graduates and their relevance to the needs of the world of work indicate a good quality higher education. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of graduates of Sebelas Maret University Mechanical Engineering Education (PTM UNS) in the world of work. So that the results obtained as a priority reference for learning development in study programs and students. This research is quantitative descriptive. It is carried out through a tracer study of graduate data and a survey of graduate users. The subjects of this research include UNS PTM graduates who graduated in 2016, 2017 and 2018 as a source of tracking data for graduates and 80 graduate users as a source of satisfaction survey data and the level of importance of the formulated Graduate Learning Outcomes (CPL). Data collection techniques were carried out through the method of filling out the questionnaire instrument questionnaire. The analysis was carried out using quantitative descriptive statistical analysis techniques using the SPSS V.21 data processing application. The results of this study show profile data for PTM UNS graduates, namely the average graduate with a very satisfactory predicate (GPA 3.46) with an average study period of 4 years and 2 months. Most (56%) work as educators, with a high level of suitability of work with the field of science 47.5%; 38.9% moderate and the remaining 13.6% low. The average waiting time for the first job after graduation is less than 6 months (76.5%). Furthermore, for the results of the graduate user satisfaction survey, the average total satisfaction is 4.28 (very satisfactory). With an importance level of 12 Graduate Learning Outcomes (CPL), 11 of them are in the very important category and one is in the important category (T8). Objectively, users are satisfied with the performance of graduates, but subjectively researchers need to propose development priorities for study programs based on the value of the level of satisfaction which is below the total average value. The conclusion in this study shows that the performance of graduates of the PTM UNS study program has been good or satisfactory. However, there is a need for a program to improve the quality of graduate performance in the communication and professional aspects. It is hoped that the study program will be able to improve the quality of these two aspects through improving the quality of learning, infrastructure and learning facilities as well as improving the quality of educators/lecturers.
Penerapan PICSIMLab Simulator Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Aktivitas Dan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Kelas XII Teknik Ototronik 1 SMKN 1 Sawit
Authors: Astuti Sri Miyati
Published: March 2023

This study aims to determine and describe (1) the application of the Project Based Learning learning model assisted by the PICSIMLab simulator software in increasing student activity in the subject of Electronic Control System Design on Vehicles in class XII Autotronic Engineering 1 SMKN 1 Sawit (2) Application of Project Based learning models PICSIM Lab simulator software assisted learning in improving student learning outcomes in the subject of Electronic Control System Design for Vehicles in class XII Autotronic Engineering 1 SMKN 1 Sawit. This research is a Classroom Action Research and conducted in two cycles which aims to determine the management of learning by the teacher, student activities, student learning outcomes, and the responses of class XII students of Autotronic Engineering at SMKN 1 Sawit. This study consisted of two cycles, each cycle consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection. The implementation of the action uses computer-assisted interactive media with the question-and-answer learning method and discussion. The results showed that the application of the PICSIMLab simulator could increase the activity and learning outcomes of class XII students of Autotronic Engineering 1 in the subject of Electronic Control System Design on Vehicles. The results of the first cycle of action were compared with the results of the second cycle of action. Student activities that appear from all activities, which appear according to indicators have increased, in the first cycle as much as 75%, in the second cycle 87.5%. The average number of student activities in the first cycle was 64.5%, in the second cycle it was 85.3%. The assessment of student learning outcomes in this study was in the form of a post test. Classical learning outcomes in each cycle 79.67% and 92.53%.
PENGARUH PRE-HEATING PADA PIROLISIS BIOMASSA LIMBAH AREN TERHADAP CHAR PADA REAKTOR HORIZONTAL MODEL CONTINUOUS
Authors: Russiadi Roli , Saputro Herman , Bugis Husin
Published: March 2023

Utilization of palm waste in the form of charcoal briquettes makes the fuel more efficient and in a better form. Thus, charcoal briquette fuel with sugar palm waste is a solution or alternative to solving the waste problem caused by palm trees. This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the effect of pre-heating on the pyrolysis process of palm sugar waste biomass on gas fraction, bio-oil and char. This study used an experimental method conducted in the Mechanical Engineering Education Laboratory of Sebelas Maret University. The research variable is the variation of pre-heating time in the pyrolysis of palm waste biomass against gas fraction, bio-oil and char in a continuous model horizontal reactor. The result of this study is that pre-heating has an effect on the gas fraction. The longer the pre-heating process is carried out, the lower the amount of O2 gas produced. Pre-heating affects the char, so the quality and quantity can be measured.
EVALUASI PROGRAM PRAKTIK INDUSTRI MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN TEKNIK MESIN FKIP UNS PADA INDUSTRI OTOMOTIF MENGGUNAKAN MODEL CIPP
Authors: Wardhana Adhi , Akhyar Muhammad , Bugis Husin
Published: March 2023

The objective of this research is to determi ne the quality of: (1) Context of the Industrial Practice Program, comprise (a) the objectives of Industrial Practices, (b) the vision and mission of the Study Program, (c) the condition of students, (d) the condition of the Study Program; (2) Input of the Industrial Practice Program, comprise (a) preparation before implementing of the Industrial Practices; (3) Process of the Industrial Practice Program, comprise (a) the role of students, (b) the role of supervisors, (c) the role of industry advisers, (d) the role of industry employees; (4) Product of the Industrial Practice Programs, comprise (a) student skills, (b) practical knowledge, (c) student personality, (d) innovative student experience, (e) student satisfaction, (f) industry satisfaction. The population of the research ware students of Mechanical Engineering of Education Study Program Sebelas Maret University and industry. The sample of the research using purposive sampling technique were automotive industry and automotive concentration students of mechanical engineering of education was implementing the Industrial Practice for 2017 and 2018 periods. This research using an evaluative method with CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) design. Data collection techniques using questionnaires and interviews. The validity technique in this research is logic validity. The data analysis technique of this research is average analysis which was assessed based on the research criteria. The results showed that: (1) Context of the Industrial Practice Program classified as high, comprise (a) the objectives of the Industrial Practice, (b) the vision and mission of the Study Program, (c) the condition of students, (d) the condition of the Study Program;

(2) Input of the Industrial Practice Program classified as high, comprise (a) preparation before implementing of the Industrial Practices; (3) Process of the Industrial Practice Program classified as high, comprise (a) the role of students, (b) the role of supervisors, (c) the role of industry advisers,(d) the role of industry employees; (4) Product of the Industrial Practice Program classified as very high, comprise (a) student skills, (b) practical knowledge, (c) student personality, (d) innovative student experience, (e) student satisfaction, (f) industry satisfaction.
IS THE EXCISE TAX PERCEIVED AS AN EXTERNALITY TAX? AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON TURKEY
Authors: DEMİR İhsan Cemil , BALKI Ali
Published: March 2023

This study aims to investigate the perceptions and attitudes of individuals towards the excise tax applied in Turkey since 2002 and whether the excise tax is accepted as an externality tax. The data were collected through online and face-to-face survey methods from 1304 participants across Turkey and were analyzed by regression models. The results show that the excise tax directly affects individuals' expenditures in the high-income group. The perceptions of individuals with high general tax awareness and those who expect an update in tariffs every year have positive attitudes about the excise tax. The perceptions of those who think that the scope of the excise tax should be narrowed towards the excise tax are negative. Besides, the positive perceptions of excise tax by individuals who consume harmful products more frequently and those who think that the excise tax on harmful products should be raised support that the excise tax is an externality tax.
Gas Lift Performance Enhancement Strategies by Downsizing and Using Dummy and Venturi Valves: A Paradigm Shift in Gas Lift Systems Management Philosophy
Authors: Akeil Wael Farag , El-Bohoty Ahmed Mahmoud , El-Mawla El-Sayed Ibrahim Abd , El-Dessouky Mohamed El-Hussien , Mohamed Islam Ibrahim , Darwish Abd Allah Magdy , Khalil Ahmed Kamal
Published: March 2023

Gas lift is a flexible artificial lift method, which requires continuous monitoring to identify diverse ways of production optimization. Gas lift systems optimization is a dynamic process throughout well production life in order to maximize the overall field production. Traditional gas lift valve installation standards were replaced by a new strategy, at which valves were converted to smaller port sizes, dummy and Venturi ones. A mature offshore field, with more than 460 gas lifted wells and limited gas availability, undergoes depletion phase. Most of the gas lift design bases were initiated during the production start-up and has standardization set of large gas lift valve port sizes with narrow spacing. Inconstancy of the well flow condition during reservoir depletion added complications to the system and made its operability incompatible with the initial design. Therefore, a screen-out model was created to select candidate wells for downsizing and for dummy and Venturi valves changing-out. After screening, 70 wells were selected for applying the new strategy.

A successful optimization in gas lift system was carried out after selecting 70 candidate wells. The gas lift valve change-out (GLVCO) operation included changing valves from normal unloading valves to dummy ones, downsizing to smaller port sizes, changing valves from edge-orifice operating to Venturi valves and applying new gas lift design approach in order to increase closing pressures of shallower valves by considering ambient the temperature effect. Improvement in wells performances was evaluated using real-time monitoring system, multi-phase flow meters and portable well testing package. Applying the new strategy resulted in exceptional improvements in 47 wells by injecting gas from deeper valves, decreasing the downstream pressure to prevent re-opening of shallower valves, optimizing gas lift injection rate and enhancing gas lift system stability. Accordingly, more than 7000 BOPD were added to the production stream and led to saving more than 10 MMSCFPD of injection gas to be used for other wells and mitigating flow assurance difficulties regarding scale precipitation due to excessive cooling.

This paper reveals the effectiveness of smaller port sizes, dummy and Venturi valves in enhancing the gas lift performance and maximizing the recovery. It provides an improvement philosophy for managing the gas lift wells from the design concept to field application.
Well Logs Interpretation Using Machine Learning Workflow
Authors: Al-Ali Zainab Hussain
Published: March 2023

Well logs are used to measure acoustic, nuclear, or conductive properties of the subsurface. In turn, these properties are interpreted based on some physical correlations to compute essential reservoir characteristics such as porosity and water saturation. Most of these physical calculations require a pre-knowledge of the reservoir fluid and rock properties as well as domain knowledge experts and petrophysicsts. This process could also be time consuming and inconsistent due to measurement anomalies and expertise bias. Recent advances in artificial intelligence have produced a paradigm shift in the industry from using traditional physics-based methods to adopting modern data-driven models to reduce physical complexity, improve speed and accuracy. Many research aspects are now focused towards using machine and deep learning models to improve well logs analysis covering many aspects including: detecting anomalies, classification of lithology and automated prediction of reservoir parameters. This paper presents a modern approach of using machine learning modeling workflow for well log interpretation combining both unsupervised and supervised learning technique. The presented model is capable of efficiently predicting several reservoir properties including, water saturation, volume of shale and porosity, without the pre-knowledge of complex physical rock and fluid characteristics.
Demystifying Dynamic Evolution of Fault System and its Controls on Karsted Reservoirs by Multi-Technology Integration
Authors: Wang Rujun , Tong Yanming , Zhang Yintao , Wu Chuan , Zhu Yongfeng , Wang Gaige , Wu Jiangyong , Yang Pin , Tan Chenqing
Published: March 2023

The Tazhong paleo-uplift is one of the most important hydrocarbon enrichment areas in Tarim Basin. After years of exploration, many reservoirs have been discovered in the deep Paleozoic carbonate karsted rocks. Current research suggests that tectonic evolution and faulting movements have an important impact on reservoir development and hydrocarbon accumulation. But the reservoir prediction reliability is greatly compromised due to the lack of appropriate technical means to ascertain the geometric and kinematic characteristics of fault system more accurately. We solve this difficulty to a great extent by integrating a series of new applicable technologies.

Firstly, the existing seismic amplitude cube was further processed with the technology of "vector high fidelity signal enhance" which enhanced the natural bandwidth of seismic imaged volumes by simultaneously optimizing the signal and frequency content. Then more details of large-scale faults in the target interval were displayed. Secondly, a variety of fault detection methods were used to trace all possible large-scale faults including conventional edge-detection methods such as Variance cube and new method of "end-to-end convolutional neural network (CNN)". Thirdly, "auto fault patch extraction" was performed and the extracted fault patches were combined with some manual work to make sure they followed certain structural patterns according to the regional geological knowledge. Fourthly, the kinematics of the mapped fault system including its grouping and staging were carefully explored based on "discontinuity stability analysis" and traditional geological analysis. The former was based on Mohr-Coulomb criterion considering friction angle and cohesion of the faults, their attitudes and the 3D paleo-stress fields corresponding to different tectonic events. And the latter mainly focused on vertical layering of seismic structures considering vertical variations of fault patterns and strata attitudes, offset formations, stratigraphic unconformities, growth formations and fault patterns in plan view, etc.

It was suggested that the karsted carbonate reservoirs in some regions were mainly related to 3 types of fault damage zones, i.e. strike-slip fault damage zones, reverse fault damage zones and the hybrid ones. Among them, the parts with larger deformation, pull-apart basin, En echelon structure, faulted anticline, and superimposed elements were the most favorable belts to target high performance producers.

It is the first time to integrate so many applicable new technologies to ascertain more clearly the geometry and kinematics and the fault system in the deep karsted carbonate reservoirs which are otherwise blurred on seismic images. This can be applied directly for optimized well placement and can also be referred to for similar industrial projects.
Role of Talent Management in Business Continuity
Authors: El-Haraki Sanaa M. Refaat
Published: March 2023

Talent Management plays a crucial role to support the business continuity and empower the most important asset for the company – its people. The role that Talent Management has played was highlighted in different aspects across the organization, starting from developing competent HR team and HR department structure that can influence company culture by taking an active approach in this regard.

The journey started by working with the executives and stakeholders across the business to evaluate the current company culture, assess potential gaps or opportunities, and create a strategic plan to align the organization's culture with its values and goals.

Moreover, a deliberate building of core and supplementary HR systems serving the business strategy while respecting culture readiness has taken place. This started off with developing leadership development programs, conducting a competency management system for better training and skills development, relying on assessment tools in recruitment and using these tools in the on-boarding, knowledge sharing approach, creating a performance management culture and working on continuous development and improvement.

The Leadership Development Program was achieved on 3 phases: Assessment phase, Development phase and re-assessment phase. One of the main objectives that we tried to focus on while implementing the leadership development program was to find employees who are potential leaders and nurture them early enough. In addition, it was crucial to identify a Leadership Competency Profile to have a clear, compelling vision of how the skills we were building in the leadership development program connect to the leadership road map in the company. In addition, and in the light of Covid-19 and the absence of Employee Training in 2020, the HR department came out with an initiative to carry out internal knowledge sharing workshops across the company. These workshops aimed at increasing employees’ awareness with the different functions across the company in addition to increasing the level of engagement, communication, and presentation skills for employees.

There is always a need to measure where we are and the progress done so far to know where we want to be and adjust the process accordingly. Therefore throughout all of these processes and programs, different feedback surveys were conducted to take necessary action plans. This helped in getting all employees onboard with us. Ultimately the alignment that was made between the Talent Management and the overall company's business strategy resulted in the company's ability to maintain a competitive advantage. A huge progress was made but the process continues to sustain this role.
Quality Control Technology and Application of Node Consecutive Recording Data
Authors: Zhang Hongtao , Zhang Duorong , Sun Zhe , Wang Jianfeng , Jie Mingli
Published: March 2023

Different from the wired instrument seismic acquisition project, the node instrument seismic acquisition construction project cannot generate the data of common shot gathers or common receiver gathers in real time. Only after segmentation processing can form a common shot gather or a common receiver gather data. The data segmentation operation is very time-consuming, and the generation of the common shot gather needs to wait for all the nodes used by the shot to be recovered, resulting in a lag in the subsequent quality control process, so it is difficult to detect data quality problems in time. In order to improve the efficiency of quality control, this paper proposes a method for the quality control of seismic acquisition data directly for the consecutive recording data of the node. The data integrity check, energy quality control, etc. can be realized. Usually, the check of the recycling node data can be completed on the same day, which ensures the quality of the collected data. The application effect of the actual project also verifies the practicability and effectiveness of the method, which greatly improves the data quality control efficiency of the node collection project, and provides an effective guarantee for the quality of the data collected by the node.
Strategic Modelling Approach for Optimizing and Troubleshooting Gas Lifted Wells: Monitoring, Modelling, Problems Identification and Solutions Recommendations
Authors: Ali Ahmed Maher , Negm Mohamed Nagy , Darwish Hatem Mohamed , Mansour Khaled Mohamed
Published: March 2023

Offshore gas-lifted wells are challenging due to the numerous factors affecting performance, starting from the surface gas compression facility to reservoir performance. Mature oil fields add more challenges due to many flow assurance and mechanical problems. Real-time well monitoring is a must for early problem identification. Also, performance modeling is powerful and helpful for identifying and rectifying problems early. The work here emphasizes an optimization strategy for offshore gas-lifted wells.

This paper introduces cases of offshore problematic gas-lifted wells and their full optimization and problems solving strategy to be utilized as an integrated approach for solving the problems of similar problematic gas-lifted wells in any field. The recommended strategy depends on studying problematic gas-lifting wells covering some commonly encountered problems. The recommended remedial actions for the selected problematic cases in this intensive study resulted in precious oil gains, cost savings, and gas lift usage optimization. The solution combines surveillance, multiphase simulation, data analytics, and operations.

This paper discusses three major problems and the strategy to solve them: the first is wells with erroneous surface gas measurement and excessive gas injection; the second is unstable gas-lifted wells, and the third is optimizing low reservoir deliverability gas-lifted wells. In addition, other individual optimization cases, including integrated full-field cases, are introduced for the recommended strategy's completeness. This comprehensive study finds that the optimum approach for rectifying most gas-lifted wells problems must start with real-time monitoring, then modeling the case, and end by recommending possible solution scenarios and their impact on optimizing well performance.

This study brings the significance of surveillance and dynamic simulations in the overall production cycle: planning to operations. Further, dynamic simulations also help arrive at operators’ guidelines on avoiding failed start-ups and ensuring stable operation. Finally, the power of integration between different disciplines is shown by incorporating several subsurface and surface information in the uncertainty study.
An Extensive Evaluation of Different Reservoir Simulators used for Polymer Flooding Modeling
Authors: Tellez Arellano Aaron G. , Hassan Anas Mohammed , Al-Shalabi Emad W. , AlAmeri Waleed , Kamal Muhammad S. , Patil Shirish
Published: March 2023

The global interest in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods has been increasing recently as a source of satisfying the ever increasing energy demand. This is due to maturing of most of the existing and significant hydrocarbon reservoirs as well as the very limited number of new oil major reservoir discoveries. This is added to the challenging existing reservoirs conditions such as viscous oil, mixed-to-oil wettability, heterogeneity, and high temperature high salinity (HTHS). Polymer flooding is one of the robust and inexpensive EOR processes that improves sweep as well as displacement efficiencies. However, modeling of polymer flooding is a challenging task due to the difficulty in portraying all of the key physico-chemical aspects such as polymer rheology, adsorption equilibrium, inaccessible pore volume, and behavior against high salinity and hardness. This challenge has shifted the attention and efforts towards developing reliable reservoir simulators as tools for predicting and mitigating the risks-involved with polymer flooding projects.

In this study, we present a critical review of recent modules from different numerical simulators with chemical EOR (cEOR) competences such as CMG-STARS, ECLIPSE-100, and UTCHEM to model polymer properties. The review starts with description of numerical formulation and applications for different simulators. This is followed by descriptions of polymer models including viscosity, salinity effect, rheology, adsorption, and permeability reduction. Afterwards, the assessment of different simulators is presented through polymer flooding simulation cases as reported in the literature. It is to be noted that the overall results did not provide an insight into algorithm efficiency or computational cost of different numerical simulators, but instead mainly focused on the mechanistic modeling of the process with different parameters. The results suggest that with an appropriate mechanistic modeling of polymer flooding, there is potential for accurate prediction and optimization of various polymer flooding projects under diverse conditions, which is expected to positively impact the oil recovery efficiency and related economics. This study provides insights about the application scopes of different numerical simulators and their competences under diverse reservoir scenarios in order to obtain optimized performance of a polymer flooding field project.
Personal Protective Equipment Detection Using Computer Vision Techniques
Authors: Aldossary Rawabi Sultan , Almutairi Manar Nasser , Dursun Serkan
Published: March 2023

The intensive use of chemicals, machines and electrical assets introduced unsafe conditions to the workplace. An unsafe condition is a physical condition that can cause an incident, such as operating without training, defective supplies and poor housekeeping. Such conditions might cause serious injury or even death. As well as the human impact, unsafe conditions have a significant impact on operational excellence and the financial state of a company. Companies are committed to ensure a safe environment by setting safety polices, conducting safety training, fire prevention systems, safety manuals and signboards and providing safety gears. Personal protective equipment (PPE) is safety equipment that can maintain the safety of employees in hazardous conditions, such as hot surfaces and toxic chemicals that can cause serious injuries and illness. PPE is sometimes referred to as the last line of defense. Some workers might not comply with safety policies or refuse to wear the PPE. To overcome the manual safety checks and compliance of employees, in this paper we propose an AI-powered computer vision automation solution leveraging the state of the object detection model. Computer vision is the field that mimics human vision to extract purposeful information from videos and images. Computer vision brings about various functionalities to perform tasks such as object detection, object classification, object identification and object verification. The proposed solution is developed by using a computer vision technique that detects various types of PPEs in real time. The main purpose of this project is to detect a presence of eight classes (person, helmet color: Red, Yellow, Blue and White, head, vest, glasses). The best results are achieved by applying YOLOv5 on a set of construction site images with corresponding annotations in YOLO format. The proposed solution automates the process of detection and monitoring PPE and employee behavior in operation fields in real-time. Automating the detection can reflect the business value by reducing the timeframe for tracking, creating a safe environment that in turn can increase the productivity and safety of the workers and reduce the costs of operations. The proposed solution includes all the components of data ingestion, data processing, object detection model and deployment on the edge device or server to improve safety.
Investigation of Acoustic Velocity of Carbonate Rocks and the Effect of Cracks on Velocity
Authors: Chen Jianming , Zhang Haiyang , Arif Muhammad , Tu Yunzhong , Zhang Jiasheng , Wang Xiaosai , Nizamuddin Syed
Published: March 2023

The acoustic velocity is very closely related to rock properties such as porosity, permeability etc. These relationships are particularly important for carbonate rocks. It is thus vital to examine the interpretation of acoustic velocity as a function of rock properties. The primary goal of this study was to examine how rock properties e.g., porosity, permeability and crack density, affect the acoustic velocity of rock samples. For this purpose, 24 carbonate plug samples from Ras Al-Khaimah were examined. The recrystallized carbonates depicted a very low porosity and a significant amount of fractures were examined. A unified theory for elastic wave propagation through porous media containing cracks was used for the quantitative description of cracks and the relationship between cracks and acoustic velocity was also investigated. A positive correlation was found between the P-wave velocity difference and the corresponding inverted crack density difference. The results of this study provide new insights into the acoustic behavior of carbonate rocks.
Successful Application of Modified Diverter System to Drill Long Surface Hole - Provides Dynamic, Safer and Cost-Effective Solution
Authors: Umair Muhammad , Usmani Mohsin Muhammad
Published: March 2023

Drilling hole with shallow gas risk has always been a challenge. Conventional Diverter system doesn't qualify for a well control device but a device that is expected to reduce safety risk. Unfortunately, Diverter system has numerous failures when engaged for diverting gas flow. This paper provides a successful case history of a feasible and sustainable solution to drill shallow holes with safer control of gas at surface and superior operational liberty.

Diverter system coupled with autonomous Ram-BOP was deployed successfully in development well for drilling of a surface hole section with better control and safety. This Modified Diverter system allows independent control for Ram-BOP and Diverter operations with back-up flow path in case of diverter failure. This also creates ability to drill surface hole deeper by providing operational liberty to control or divert well flow.

This system was designed to support two well control scenarios, on drilled depth basis, and prepared accordingly:

Conventional diverter system, keeping alternate flow diversion path as backup to diverter failure Modified well control method, that approach well control with Kill Mud cap and provides option for close-system flow check

Surface hole section was planned to drill till 1300 meters BKB, with the application of this modified diverter system that allowed safe control of well/gas diversion in contrast to the conventional diverter system. For this purpose, Conductor pipe was set to 80m BKB rig less. And surface hole drilling was split in two sections with respect to application modes of modified diverter system. For initial 600 meters conventional diverter system was in-place with complete hole volume Kill Mud available at surface. This system also allowed alternate gas diversion in case of diverter failure during gas flow. For next 700 meters of drilling surface hole, same volume of Kill Mud was available to use as a mud cap and system allowed spotting mud cap and perform flow check in close-system environment, without exposing safety risk.

This systematic approach allowed drilling of surface hole section deeper in a safer environment that was previously required to drill in two hole sections. This returned 400k USD direct saving in one well.
Nimr Fields High Permeability Propped Fracturing Case Studies and Lessons Learnt
Authors: Al Kalbani Muhannad , Al Ghaithi Ali , Al Kindi Said , Al Lawati Mehdi , Ibrahim Ayman , Christiawan Arya , Yuyan Rioka
Published: March 2023

Hydraulic fracturing in oil wells within the Southern parts of the Sultanate of Oman has been considered a niche application until recently. This is due to high formation permeability which is a key differentiator of oil fields in the South compared to the North where hydraulic fracturing is more prevalent in tight gas fields. Yet recently, hydraulic fracturing has gained momentum in the South as it started becoming a major well completion technique to increase production while decreasing drawdown. In addition to growing interest in injector well fracturing to enhance overall injector well pattern performance.

While hydraulic fracturing in high permeability formations has historically been attributed to damage bypass and creating a more conductive and a larger effective wellbore radius, it has been considered a risky endeavor in oil wells where post fracturing retained permeability may impair well potential especially in cases where oil is of moderate to high viscosity. Hence in Nimr fields, located Southern Oman, hydraulic fracturing of high permeability zones required a fit for purpose fracturing strategy that maintained good retained permeability at the targeted formation with minimal damage. This strategy included candidate selection using a pre-defined criterion derived from regression modelling, utilization of tip-screen-out designs, enhancing oxidizing breaker concentration for better cleanup and flowback, and optimal artificial lift pump designs to suit newly fracturing zones.

In Nimr, several poorly performing producers and injectors were treated in 2021 using hydraulic fracturing after being assessed against a rigorous selection criterion. These included several water injectors. Production and injection results were compared to the initially estimated Folds of Increase (FOI) prior to interventions. All wells achieved the expected estimated gain using a pressure matched fracture geometry estimate. Hence this method has provided a basis for further design optimization to increase production yield. Results have also provided lessons learnt in artificial lift pump sizing and pump seating depth. Injector wells were also assessed in respect to their patterns where results have shown significant pressure support to nearby wells, which in some cases revived wells that were previously shut in due to poor pressure support.

The success of hydraulic fracturing in high permeability wells in the South of Oman has driven the increase in frequency and magnitude of these otherwise niche interventions. Although further optimization in candidate selection and treatment designs are needed to ensure capital expenditure is justified by production gain.
Accurate Identification of Gas-Bearing Formation in a Mature Field Using Pulsed Neutron Logs Prevented Well Abandonment
Authors: Sahu Sunil , Tyagi Anil , Kim Yonghwee , Puri Arjun
Published: March 2023

Operators typically update formation fluid saturation from producing wells as production impacts changes in formation fluid type and volume. An operator in India deployed a multi-detector pulsed neutron well logging tool on one of the old wells in a mature field to evaluate saturation profiles across multiple clastic formations. Production from the subject well had ceased due to water loading. The objective of the logging was to identify possible bypassed hydrocarbon zones before the operator decided on the well abandonment.

A multi-detector pulsed neutron tool acquired a salinity-independent gas-sensitive time-based measurement from short-spaced and extra-long-spaced gamma-ray detectors. In addition, inelastic energy spectra-based carbon/oxygen (C/O) ratios were recorded to quantify formation oil saturation in a low water salinity environment. Another critical component in the saturation analysis workflow was the forward modeling of tool responses. We used the Monte Carlo N-particle (MCNP) stochastic method to predict gas-sensitive and C/O ratio responses in logging conditions.

We had limited information on well conditions, such as cement bond condition and formation fluid properties, as no recent well logging was carried out to evaluate these. Thus, we performed saturation analyses in various conditions to reduce uncertainties in the results, including well-cemented, partially-cemented, and uncemented annulus conditions and different oil and gas densities.

The analysis results identified one shallow sand unit containing gas. The sand was initially considered a water-dominant zone because the same zone produced water from adjacent wells. We evaluated the uncertainty in the gas saturation calculation attributed to cement bond quality and formation gas density. This helped to remove uncertainties in cement bond conditions and in-situ gas density on gas saturation. The identified sand unit was perforated and produced a large amount of gas. The accurate result of the gas saturation analysis saved the well from abandonment and increased reserves and production capacity. Additionally, the analysis revealed that water-filled formations were predominant in other sands. The C/O log analysis showed no bypassed oil in the lower sands.

This paper further discusses case studies on candidate selection for pulsed neutron well logging, uncertainties in formation parameters, and the implications for saturation results.
Using Cerium Oxide (6.0 SG) as Weighting Material in HTHP Drilling Fluids
Authors: Soori Gholam Reza , Mohd Alwi Mohd Azrul , Haniff Julian Zaa'Eleezia , Tajudin Nazeeya , Zulkifli Shahrul Azwan , Abd Rahaman Noor Amirah
Published: March 2023

In high-density drilling fluids, maintaining low plastic viscosity (PV) to reduce Equivalent Circulation Density (ECD) and consequently achieve a higher rate of penetration comes with its own challenges. A low PV indicates that the drilling fluid is capable of drilling faster due to the low viscosity fluid exiting at the bit. PV represents the viscosity of drilling fluids when they are extrapolated to an infinite shear rate based on the Bingham model.

High PV is caused either by a viscous base fluid or by an excessive solid content in drilling fluids. The usage of a new product, Cerium Oxide (CeO2) with S.G at 6.0, referred to as CERITE in this paper, has been evaluated in a HTHP drilling fluid.

CERITE allows the drilling fluid to achieve higher density where the solid content in the mud is much lower than traditional weighting materials that are added to the drilling fluids.

A drilling fluid THAT IS formulated with CERITE as weighting material has a lower solids content due to the higher S.G. of CERITE and thus contributes to effective management of ECD without needing to restrict the drilling rate compared to drilling fluids that have been weighed up using API Barite

The objective of this study is to discuss the performance of a HTHP drilling fluid where CERITE has been used as a weighting material. Hence, two batches of HPHT water-based mud (WBM) with a density of 2.0 SG, one containing API standard Barite and the other CERITE, were compared. HPHT filtration is measured under static conditions at 400 °F and 500 psi. A Particle Plugging Apparatus (PPA) is used at 2000 psi differential pressure for measuring the filter cake sealing capability on a ceramic disk. The rheological properties, particle size distribution (PSD), sag tendency, the volume of filtrate, and the filter cake thickness of the drilling fluids are measured after hot rolling the mud at 400 °F for 16 hours. Circulation hydraulic and frictional pressure loss measurement using rheology model as Power-Law is simulated to evaluate the effects of this product on equivalent circulating density (ECD) reduction against the API Barite.

This paper discusses the extensive lab test results for the performance of CERITE against API Barite that has been added in a HTHP WBM system and ultimately concludes suitability of this material as a weighting agent.