bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In situconfined vertical growth of a 1D-CuCo2S4nanoarray on Ni foam covered by a 3D-PANI mesh layer to form a self-supporting hierarchical structure for high-efficiency oxygen evolution catalysis
Authors: Sun Wei , Wei Wei , Chen Nan , Chen Linlin , Xu Yin , Oluigbo Chidinma Judith , Jiang Zhifeng , Yan Zaoxue , Xie Jimin
Published: June 2019

Inspired by the patchwork of artificial turf, we defined the growth position and orientation of a CuCo2S4nanoarray for the first time by electroplating a PANI mesh layer onto a Ni foam to obtain a self-supporting hierarchical electrode material.
Anisotropic buckling of few-layer black phosphorus
Authors: Vaquero-Garzon Luis , Frisenda Riccardo , Castellanos-Gomez Andres
Published: June 2019

The strongly anisotropic crystal structure of bP yields anisotropic buckling upon compressive strain, analysis of which can be used to determine its Young's modulus.
Detecting electronic structure evolution of semiconductor nanocrystals by magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy
Authors: Gao Xiaoqing , Zhang Xiuwen , Yang Xuekang , Zhao Luyang , Han Bing , Alanagh Hamideh Rezvani , Tang Zhiyong
Published: June 2019

Magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy is a high-resolution method to monitor the evolution of nanocrystals’ electronic states under shape variation.
TiS2 nanosheets for efficient electrocatalytic N2 fixation to NH3 under ambient conditions
Authors: Jia Kun , Wang Yuan , Qiu Lang , Gao Jiajia , Pan Qi , Kong Wenhan , Zhang Xiaoxue , Alshehri Abdulmohsen Ali , Alzahrani Khalid Ahmad , Zhong Benhe , Guo Xiaodong , Yang Lin
Published: June 2019

TiS2 is efficient for electrochemical N2 fixation to NH3 in 0.1 M Na2SO4, achieving a faradaic efficiency of 5.50% with an NH3 yield of 16.02 μg h−1 mg−1cat at a potential of −0.6 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode.
Regulation of circular dichroism behavior and construction of tunable solid-state circularly polarized luminescence based on BINOL derivatives
Authors: Zhao Na , Gao Wangwang , Zhang Min , Yang Junfang , Zheng Xiaoyan , Li Yue , Cui Rongrong , Yin Wei , Li Nan
Published: June 2019

Circular dichroism behavior was regulated by controlling the molecular conformation of BINOL derivatives, and tunable solid-state circularly polarized luminescence was achieved.
A highly efficient vortex-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction based on natural deep eutectic solvent for the determination of Sudan I in food samples
Authors: Liu Wei , Zong Bingyue , Wang Xiaoping , Cai Junlan , Yu Jingjing
Published: June 2019

A highly efficient vortex-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction based on natural deep eutectic solvent was developed for the determination of Sudan I.
Mechanism of atom economical conversion of alcohols and amines to amides using Fe(ii) pincer catalyst. An outer-sphere metal–ligand pathway or an inner-sphere elimination pathway?
Authors: Shiekh Bilal Ahmad , Kaur Damanjit
Published: June 2019

The schematic representation depicting the difference in inner and outer-sphere pathways for amide synthesis from alcohols and amines mediated by Fe(ii) hydride complex.
Boosting the circularly polarized luminescence of small organic molecules via multi-dimensional morphology control
Authors: Ma Kai , Chen Wenjie , Jiao Tifeng , Jin Xue , Sang Yutao , Yang Dong , Zhou Jin , Liu Minghua , Duan Pengfei
Published: June 2019

By regulating the composition of solvents, the assembled nanostructures of chiral molecules transformed from 0D nanospheres to 3D nanoflakes, which showed significantly amplified circularly polarized luminescence.
The histidine-rich loop in the extracellular domain of ZIP4 binds zinc and plays a role in zinc transport
Authors: Zhang Tuo , Kuliyev Eziz , Sui Dexin , Hu Jian
Published: June 2019

The Zrt-/Irt-like protein (ZIP) family mediates zinc influx from extracellular space or intracellular vesicles/organelles, playing a central role in systemic and cellular zinc homeostasis. Out of the 14 family members encoded in human genome, ZIP4 is exclusively responsible for zinc uptake from dietary food and dysfunctional mutations of ZIP4 cause a life-threatening genetic disorder, Acrodermatitis Enteropathica (AE). About half of the missense AE-causing mutations occur within the large N-terminal extracellular domain (ECD), and our previous study has shown that ZIP4–ECD is crucial for optimal zinc uptake but the underlying mechanism has not been clarified. In this work, we examined zinc binding to the isolated ZIP4–ECD from Pteropus Alecto (black fruit bat) and located zinc-binding sites with a low micromolar affinity within a histidine-rich loop ubiquitously present in ZIP4 proteins. Zinc binding to this protease-susceptible loop induces a small and highly localized structural perturbation. Mutagenesis and functional study on human ZIP4 by using an improved cell-based zinc uptake assay indicated that the histidine residues within this loop are not involved in preselection of metal substrate but play a role in promoting zinc transport. The possible function of the histidine-rich loop as a metal chaperone facilitating zinc binding to the transport site and/or a zinc sensor allosterically regulating the transport machinery was discussed. This work helps to establish the structure/function relationship of ZIP4 and also sheds light on other metal transporters and metalloproteins with clustered histidine residues.
Internet of things based multi‐sensor patient fall detection system
Authors: Khan Sarah , Qamar Ramsha , Zaheen Rahma , Al‐Ali Abdul Rahman , Al Nabulsi Ahmad , Al‐Nashash Hasan
Published: June 2019

Accidental falls of patients cannot be completely prevented. However, timely fall detection can help prevent further complications such as blood loss and unconsciousness. In this study, the authors present a cost‐effective integrated system designed to remotely detect patient falls in hospitals in addition to classifying non‐fall motions into activities of daily living. The proposed system is a wearable device that consists of a camera, gyroscope, and accelerometer that is interfaced with a credit card‐sized single board microcomputer. The information received from the camera is used in a visual‐based classifier and the sensor data is analysed using the k‐Nearest Neighbour and Naïve Bayes' classifiers. Once a fall is detected, an attendant at the hospital is informed. Experimental results showed that the accuracy of the device in classifying fall versus non‐fall activity is 95%. Other requirements and specifications are discussed in greater detail.
Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer in energy‐augmented amplify and forward cooperative cognitive networks
Authors: Thangaraj Cynthia Anbuselvi , Velkennedy Aruna , Ponmani Shiny
Published: June 2019

Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) and energy harvesting (EH) have been considered as the promising technique to enhance the lifetime of energy constrained relay nodes of the amplify and forward (AF)‐based cognitive wireless network. The amalgamation of cognitive and cooperative communication has emerged as a powerful method for improving spectrum utilisation. In this study, an energy‐augmented AF (EAF) protocol has been proposed to enhance the throughput and minimise the outage probability of cooperative cognitive relay networks. A power splitting based SWIPT relay secondary user in the EH module harvests the energy and uses the harvested energy to forward the amplified version of the signal to the destination. System model and analytical equations have been developed for the proposed EAF protocol. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed EAF protocol outperforms the conventional schemes in terms of capacity, outage probability and throughput.
Position sensorless control of switched reluctance motor based on a linear inductance model with variable coefficients
Authors: Xu Aide , Chen Jiagui , Ren Ping , Zhu Jingwei
Published: June 2019

To solve the problem of inaccurate position estimation due to the influence of magnetic saturation in sensorless control of switched reluctance motor (SRM), a new position estimation method is proposed. By analysing the linearity of the inductance curve, the region with better linearity can be found. Then, in this region, the mathematical model between rotor position and inductance can be built to estimate the rotor position by the linear fitting. However, the inductance curve will shift due to the influence of magnetic saturation in the case of heavy load, which makes the estimation error larger. Therefore, this study carries out a linear fitting of this region under different loads and establishes a linear inductance model with variable coefficient. This method can effectively eliminate the influence of saturation inductance on position estimation and have better estimation accuracy. Simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed method.
Low permittivity epoxy nanoporous composites filled with hollow nanosilica
Authors: Kurimoto Muneaki , Kato Takeyoshi , Yoshida Takuma , Kato Chiharu , Suzuoki Yasuo
Published: June 2019

An epoxy nanoporous composite (NPC) filled with hollow nanosilica exhibits lower permittivity than unfilled epoxy resin. The hollow nanosilica is a silica nanoparticle containing a nanometric closed pore. To investigate the effect of the closed pore of hollow nanosilica, the particle porosity and permittivity of NPC filled with hollow nanosilica and NPC filled with mesoporous silica, the pores of which were open at the particle surface, were compared. The nanometric pores of hollow nanosilica and mesoporous silica were unfilled and partially filled with epoxy resin, respectively. The relative permittivity of NPC filled with hollow nanosilica was lower than that of NPC filled with mesoporous silica mainly owing to the closed pore of the hollow nanosilica. Moreover, the existence of the nanometric pore in hollow nanosilica negligibly affected the breakdown strength. These results indicate that the hollow nanosilica is applicable to insulating composites as a filler that can lower the permittivity of the epoxy composites even to a value lower than that of unfilled epoxy resin.
Joint optimisation of radio and infrastructure resources for energy‐efficient massive data storage in the mobile cloud over 5G HetNet
Authors: Siddavaatam Richa , Woungang Isaac , Anpalagan Alagan
Published: June 2019

This study formulates the problem of radio resource and data transmission strategy in a dense HetNet enhanced with mobile cloud computing and mobile edge computing technologies as a combinatorial optimisation problem. An ant colony optimisation (ACO)‐based energy‐aware algorithm is proposed as solution approach, which consists of a data transmission management scheme and a physical resource blocks/bandwidth allocation scheme. Simulation results show that compared with baseline approaches [(greedy and data split multiple user equipment (UEs) algorithms]), the proposed ACO‐based algorithm achieves: (i) about 99% of reduction in terms of transmission delay under varying data file sizes (resp. varying number of UEs in the network); (ii) about 99% of reduction in terms of transmission energy dissipated by an UE during transmission of a file under varying data file sizes (resp. varying number of UEs in the network); (iii) improved performance with an increase in the number of small base stations in the network, (iv) significant reduction in the energy transmitted (by the UE) during transmission of big data files to the cloud storage; and (v) some stability irrespective of the variation in network conditions such as increasing the number of active UEs or increasing the number of UEs in the network.
Origami launcher
Authors: Ivashtenko Oryna , Kofman Polina , Golubov Oleksiy , Maizelis Zakhar
Published: June 2019

The article studies the elastic and locomotive properties of Miura-ori-type paper origami. The mechanics of a single paper crease is studied experimentally, and its non-elastic properties turn out to be crucial. The entire origami construction is then described as a collection of individual creases, its capability to launch small objects is evaluated, and the equation of motion is found. Thus, the height of the launched ball is studied theoretically and experimentally as a function of governing parameters.
40 ans après l’Amoco Cadiz : science et militance
Authors: Bouteloup Claire
Published: June 2019

La marée noire de l’Amoco Cadizsur les côtes de Bretagne Nord en mars 1978 marque l’histoire à plusieurs titres. Elle suscite en particulier une mobilisation sans précédent de scientifiques en sciences naturelles. Alors que les marées noires précédentes ont donné lieu à des tentatives judiciaires portées uniquement par l’association bretonne de protection de l’environnement, cette fois, la dynamique scientifique et la mobilisation des acteurs locaux se rencontrent pour susciter et conduire une action judiciaire visant à faire reconnaître les dommages de la marée noire. Quelles étaient leurs motivations à participer à cette action ? Les entretiens menés auprès d’eux montrent qu’ils se sentent concernés par une pluralité d’atteintes et sont mus par des objectifs multiples, à la fois d’ordres moraux et intimes, en tant qu’habitants et scientifiques. Ils qualifient leur implication de militante et engagée et considèrent qu’il ne peut en être autrement. Pourtant, vingt ans plus tard, lorsque survient la marée noire de l’Erika, les scientifiques semblent cantonnés dans les programmes de suivi, au grand étonnement de leurs aînés. Ils recherchent une certaine étanchéité de leurs activités avec les cercles politique et judiciaire. Comment les chercheurs ont-ils pensé leur rôle ? Dans cette dynamique orientée vers un procès, comment ont-ils mis en œuvre leur rôle pour fabriquer l’information scientifique ? À partir d’entretiens auprès d’eux, ce texte analyse la pluralité des « attachements » imbriqués dans chaque situation de choix et d’épreuve : fondements politiques et moraux, intérêts et objectifs de réussite de l’action de changement, attachements intimes.
JAK-Inhibitoren in der Rheumatologie
Authors: Witte Torsten
Published: June 2019

„Was ist neu?“

Wirkmechanismen der JAK-Inhibitoren JAK-Inhibitoren wirken intrazellulär und hemmen im Gegensatz zu den Biologika viele Zytokine.

Pharmakokinetik JAK-Inhibitoren werden oral eingenommen. Angesichts der Halbwertzeit von einigen Stunden sind sie gut steuerbar.

Zulassungslage Die JAK-Inhibitoren Baricitinib und Tofacitinib sind zugelassen für die Therapie der mittelschweren bis schweren aktiven RA bei erwachsenen Patienten nach erfolgloser Therapie mit DMARDs. Tofacitinib ist auch bei Colitis ulcerosa und in der Kombination mit MTX auch bei der Psoriasis-Arthritis (PsA) zugelassen.

Wirksamkeit In der Kombination mit Methotrexat (MTX) ist Tofacitinib bei der rheumatoiden Arthritis (RA) so gut wirksam wie Adalimumab mit MTX, Baricitinib war in der Kombination mit MTX sogar bei einigen Endpunkten besser als Adalimumab mit MTX. Die JAK-Inhibitoren sind auch in der Monotherapie wirksam.

Nebenwirkungen Das Nebenwirkungsprofil der JAK-Inhibitoren unterscheidet sich nicht wesentlich von dem von TNF- oder IL6-Rezeptor-Inhibitoren. Nur das Auftreten eines Herpes zoster ist während der JAK-Inhibition etwas häufiger.

Perspektive JAK-Inhibitoren hemmen zahlreiche Zytokine, die auch bei verschiedenen anderen chronischen Krankheiten eine Rolle spielen. Daher ist mit Zulassungen für weitere Indikationen zu rechnen, z. B. Kollagenosen.
Erkrankungen der Aorta: von der Aortenklappe bis zur Aortenbifurkation
Authors: Quast Christine , Zimmer Sebastian , Adam Matti , Baldus Stephan , Nickenig Georg , Kelm Malte
Published: June 2019

Was ist neu?

Stand der Dinge Sowohl im klinischen Bereich als auch in der Forschung etabliert sich zunehmend das Konzept, die Aorta als Gesamtorgan zu betrachten, das sich von der Aortenklappe bis zur Bifurkation erstreckt.

Aortenklappenstenose Aktuell laufen erste randomisierte Studien zur Ausweitung der Indikation zum interventionellen Aortenklappenersatz (TAVI, TAVR) hin zu einem Patientenkollektiv mit niedrigem OP-Risiko. Des Weiteren hat die interventionelle Versorgung der „Low flow, low gradient“-Aortenklappenstenose eine Aufwertung im Empfehlungsgrad erhalten und die interventionelle Valve-in-valve-Prozedur Eingang in den klinischen Alltag bei der individualisierten Patientenversorgung gefunden.

Aortenklappeninsuffizienz Kathetergestützt implantierte Klappenprothesen, die dediziert zur Behandlung der isolierten Aortenklappeninsuffizienz entwickelt werden, befinden sich für dieses Krankheitsbild in der klinischen Prüfung.

Erkrankungen der Aorta ascendens und descendens Während das Screening von Aortenaneurysmen zur ambulanten Routine wird, sind Studien zum risikostratifizierten Follow-up bei zunehmend endovaskulär versorgten Patienten notwendig, um eine bedarfsgerechte Nachsorge zu ermöglichen.
A Proof of Concept Study Regarding the Utilization of Different Patient-related Outcome Measurements in a Certified Centre of Excellence for Joint Replacement (EndoProthetikZentrum)
Authors: Osmanski-Zenk Katrin , Oskina Anastasia , Bader Rainer , Mittelmeier Wolfram
Published: June 2019

Background The aim of the study is to identify those patients without improved pain sensation and functionality of the joint, thus with a potential necessity of re-intervention by using the evaluation of the PROMs (Oxford Hip Score, European Quality of Life Scale, EndoCert-Risk-Score). The task was to determine the value of the scores which represents the limit above/below, which a re-examination of the patient is necessary. Additionally, further secondary objectives such as influence of complications on scores, the percentage of questionnaire return and the quality of the provided data in the questionnaires were recorded to define minimal requirements on patientʼs response.

Material and Methods Members of the EndoCert certification committee developed a questionnaire for pre- (decision on treatment) and post-operative (discharge and 3-months follow-up) use. A total of 112 primary hip replacements and 25 hip revision arthroplasties, which were recruited from a centre of excellence for joint replacement (EndoProthetikZentrum der Maximalversorgung), were included in the study.

Results The return of questionnaires amounted to 80%. Quality of data in the questionnaires declined with BMI (≥ 25), ASA classification (≥ 3), age (≥ 65) and depended on the time point questioning. Based on the EndoCert risk score there was a significant improvement in the experience of pain postoperatively compared to pre-operation (p < 0.05). However, the functionality of the joint, as measured as the use of walking frames or crutches as well as the need for help from others, did not improve. The results revealed that there was no correlation between the incidence of complications and a detrimental score. It was furthermore shown that patient specific attributes, e.g. age or BMI, or perioperative performance (duration of operation) did not influence the likelihood of a complication.

Conclusion It was shown that Oxford Hip Score and EQ-5D were not negatively influenced by complication during hospital stay. The evaluation of the EndoCert risk score showed not improvement between pre- and post-operative values regarding function but revealed a significant pain relief. A further study is intended to evaluate the intensity of pain after three months as part of an extended systemic follow-up. This could provide further insights whether the EndoCert risk score is a suitable tool to identify unsuccessfully treated patients.
Verbessert die Diagnostik des unteren Uterinsegments die Geburtsplanung bei Status nach Sectio?
Authors: Schmitz Jessica , Stepan Holger , Schrey-Petersen Susanne , Hoffmann Janine
Published: June 2019

Einleitung Bei Patientinnen mit Status nach Sectio ist die sonografische Diagnostik des unteren Uterinsegments (uUS) weit verbreitet. Ihr Nutzen für die Geburtsplanung ist jedoch nicht ausreichend belegt. Es gibt weder ein einheitliches Untersuchungsprotokoll noch einen sicheren Cut-off-Wert. Ziel dieser Studie war es, den Wert der uUS-Diagnostik in der klinischen Routine zu prüfen.

Material und Methoden In die retrospektive Analyse wurden 631 Patientinnen mit Status nach Sectio eingeschlossen. Bei 399 (63%) Patientinnen war eine sonografische Dickenmessung des Myometriums (muUS) und/oder des gesamten uUS (guUS)) erfolgt. Die Inzidenz von Uterusdefekten sowie der Zeitpunkt und die Modalität ihrer Diagnostik wurden eruiert. Sensitivitäten, Spezifitäten, positive (PPV) und negative prädiktive Werte (NPV) wurden für verschiedene Cut-offs errechnet.

Ergebnisse Uterusdefekte traten bei 28 (4,4%) Patientinnen auf. Die Detektionsrate für die Sonografie war gering (13,6%), die Sensitivität/ Spezifität/ PPV/ NPV für niedrigere Cut-off-Werte (2 mm (guUS)/ 1 mm (muUS): 75/96/48,3/98,7%) jedoch besser als für höhere (3 mm (guUS)/ 2 mm (muUS): 15,8/93,2/10,4/68,7%).

Diskussion Der Nutzen der sonografischen uUS-Diagnostik erscheint überschätzt. Da ihre Genauigkeit von zahlreichen methodischen Faktoren beeinflusst wird, könnte sie durch ein einheitliches Protokoll mit einem transabdominellen und transvaginalen Scan durch einen erfahrenen Untersucher verbessert werden. Ein geeigneteres Untersuchungsziel für die Selektion nach Sectio könnte der Ausschluss von Uterusdefekten sein.
Interventionen zur Resilienzförderung bei
Erwachsenen
Authors: Linz Svenja , Helmreich Isabella , Kunzler Angela , Chmitorz Andrea , Lieb Klaus , Kubiak Thomas
Published: June 2019

Resilienz bezeichnet die Aufrechterhaltung bzw. rasche Wiederherstellung der
psychischen Gesundheit während oder nach stressvollen
Lebensumständen. Aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse legen nahe, dass
Resilienz dynamisch ist und trainiert werden kann. Obwohl Interventionen zur
Stärkung der Resilienz häufig zur
Gesundheitsförderung bei verschiedenen Zielgruppen eingesetzt
werden, ist deren Effektivität jedoch kaum systematisch untersucht.
Diese Übersichtsarbeit beurteilt narrativ die Ergebnisse 4
systematischer Reviews und Metaanalysen zu Resilienzinterventionen bei
Erwachsenen und fasst die Evidenz aus den randomisiert-kontrollierten
Primärstudien (N=44) zusammen. Insgesamt erzielten die
Resilienzinterventionen kleine bis moderate Effekte bzgl. der Steigerung von
Resilienz und der Verbesserung der psychischen Gesundheit. Trotz
methodischer Schwächen scheinen Resilienzinterventionen wirksam zu
sein und könnten somit eine gute Ergänzung zu aktuellen
Präventionsmaßnahmen darstellen.
68Ga-Radiopharmaka: Methode oder Episode?
Authors: Notni Johannes , Wester Hans-Jürgen
Published: June 2019

68Ga macht seit einiger Zeit eine steile Karriere in Radiopharmazie und klinischer PET und hat für einige Krankheitsbilder das Patientenmanagement erheblich beeinflusst. Wird dieser Boom anhalten?
Facettenreiche Symptomatik mit Gelenkschmerzen, Exanthem und Augenbeteiligung
Authors: Tsiami Styliani , Regel Andrea , Baraliakos Xenofon , Braun Jürgen , Kiltz Uta
Published: June 2019

Anamnese und klinischer Befund In dieser Fallserie stellen wir 4 Patienten vor, die mit unterschiedlichen Symptomen in unserer rheumatologischen Spezialklinik vorgestellt wurden und die letztlich dieselbe Erkrankung hatten. Zu dem breiten Spektrum der vorliegenden Symptome gehörten neben Arthralgien und Myalgien auch ein makulopapulöses Exanthem und eine Sehstörung. Ein Patient wurde wegen aktiver ankylosierender Spondylitis und rezidivierender Uveitis mit einem TNF-Blocker behandelt. In der klinischen Untersuchung wurden Gelenkschwellungen und Hautveränderungen festgestellt.

Untersuchungen Serologisch wurden bei allen Patienten ein erhöhter TTPA- sowie ein positiver RPR-Test festgestellt.

Diagnose Bei den Patienten wurde Syphilis diagnostiziert.

Therapie und Verlauf Die ersten 3 Patienten erhielten eine einmalige intramuskuläre Injektion mit 2,4 Mil. Benzathinpenicillin G. Der 4. Patient wurde mit Penicillin 6 Mio 4/d i. v. über 14 Tage aufgrund seiner bestehenden Immunsuppression behandelt.

Folgerung Bei Vorliegen unspezifischer und zum Teil diffuser Symptome, mit welchen sich Patienten in der Rheumatologie häufig stellen, kann ätiopathogenetisch auch eine nicht primär rheumatologische, z. B. infektiöse Genese vorliegen. Die in den letzten Jahren in Deutschland wieder zunehmende Inzidenz der Syphilis ist auch in der rheumatologischen Versorgung zu beachten.
Wie bewerten Mitarbeiter einer psychiatrischen Klinik medizinethische Konflikte bei Zwangsmaßnahmen
Authors: Schwerthöffer Dirk , Seidl Otmar , Hamann Johannes
Published: June 2019

Hintergrund Die Praxis von Zwangsmaßnahmen in psychiatrischen Kliniken wirft eine Reihe von medizinischen, juristischen und ethischen Fragen auf. Unter anderem führen Zwangsmaßnahmen zu Konflikten zwischen verschiedenen medizinethischen Prinzipien. Im Rahmen einer Pilotstudie sollte abgebildet werden, wie in der Psychiatrie Beschäftigte verschiedene medizinethische Prinzipien gegeneinander abwägen und wie sie für einen hypothetischen Fall zu einer Entscheidung für oder gegen den Einsatz von Zwangsmaßnahmen kommen.

Methode Alle therapeutisch tätigen Mitarbeiter verschiedener Berufsgruppen einer psychiatrischen Klinik wurden in einem Fragebogen zu ihrer Einstellung zu medizinethischen Prinzipienkonflikten und im Rahmen einer Kasuistik zu einer Entscheidung für oder gegen Zwangsmaßnahmen bei einem schizophren erkrankten Patienten befragt.

Ergebnisse Die Rücklaufquote des Fragebogens betrug 71 % (73 Teilnehmer). Die Mehrheit der Befragten war der Meinung, dass bei medizinethischen Prinzipienkonflikten der Schwerpunkt einer psychiatrischen Behandlung auf dem Wohl des Patienten (89 %) gegenüber dem Gemeinwohl liegen sollte. Das Autonomieprinzip wurde etwas häufiger über das Fürsorgeprinzip gestellt (58 % vs. 42 %) und die „Nonmalefizienz“ (Schadensvermeidung) erschien den Befragten in etwa gleich bedeutend wie die „Benefizienz“ (51 % vs. 49 %). Bei der Kasuistik wurden weniger „invasive“ Zwangsmaßnahmen (z. B. gesetzliche Betreuung) invasiveren (z. B. Zwangsmedikation) vorgezogen. In dieser Stichprobe zeigten sich keine statistisch hochsignifikanten Zusammenhänge zwischen soziodemographischen Faktoren (auch Berufserfahrung und Berufsgruppenzugehörigkeit), Gewichtung von medizinethischen Prinzipien und der Bewertung von Zwangsmaßnahmen. Tendenziell schienen aber Mitarbeiter von beschützten Stationen, mit mittlerer Berufserfahrung (6-15 Jahre) und Mitarbeiter der Pflegeberufe Zwangsmaßnahmen etwas häufiger zu befürworten. Ein Zusammenhang zwischen der Gewichtung medizinethischer Prinzipien und einer Befürwortung oder Ablehnung von Zwangsmaßnahmen in der Kasuistik war nicht zu beobachten.

Schlussfolgerung Zwangsmaßnahmen führen zu medizinethischen Konflikten. Der Einfluss dieser Konflikte auf die Anwendung von Zwangsmaßnahmen durch Mitarbeiter psychiatrischer Kliniken wird deshalb im Rahmen einer qualitativen Folgestudie, die auf den Ergebnissen dieser Untersuchung basiert, differenzierter untersucht werden.
Perioperative and oncologic outcome in patients treated for renal cell carcinoma with an extended inferior vena cava tumour thrombus level II-IV
Authors: Adams Lisa , Ralla Bernhard , Maxeiner Andreas , Mang Josef , Krimphove Michael , Dushe Simon , Makowski Marcus , Miller Kurt , Fuller Florian , Busch Jonas
Published: June 2019

Purpose Surgical treatment of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and an extended tumour thrombus (TT) in the inferior vena cava (IVC) is challenging and often requires a multidisciplinary approach. The aim of this study was to analyse results in the real-world management of RCC patients with an extended IVC TT (level II-IV according to the Mayo classification of macroscopic venous invasion in RCC) in terms of pre-, peri- and postoperative outcome, complications and oncologic outcome.

Methods We investigated 61 patients with evidence of RCC and an extended TT in the IVC undergoing radical nephrectomy and tumour thrombectomy at our tertiary referral centre. Patients and operative characteristics were recorded and complications were analysed using the Clavien-Dindo classification. Follow-up data were retrieved by contacting the treating outpatient urologists, general practitioners and patients.

Results The TT level was II in 36, III in 8 and IV in 17 patients. Complications grade IIIb and higher according to the Clavien-Dindo classification occurred in n = 3 (8.4 %), n = 2 (25.0 %) and n = 5 (29.5 %) patients with level II, III and IV TT, respectively. The overall survival of patients with TT level II, III and IV at 24 months (60 months) was 66.9 % (41.6 %), 83.3 % (83.3 %) and 64.1 % (51.3 %). Presence of primary metastatic disease was the only significant independent predictor for OS. 

Conclusions Radical nephrectomy with tumour thrombectomy appears to be a feasible and effective treatment option in the management of patients with RCC and an extended IVC TT.
Guaianolides from Ormenis mixta: Structural Insights and Evaluation of Their Anti-inflammatory Profile
Authors: Benteldjoune Mounira , Chini Maria Giovanna , Iannuzzi Anna Maria , Kabouche Ahmed , Kabouche Zahia , DʼAmbola Massimiliano , Marzocco Stefania , Autore Giuseppina , Bifulco Giuseppe , De Tommasi Nunziatina
Published: June 2019

In this paper, the isolation of five new guaianolides (1 – 5) and four (6 – 9) known sesquiterpenes from Ormenis mixta aerial parts is reported. The structural determination of the guaianolides was obtained by NMR spectroscopic data, as well as MS experiments. Their relative configurations were assigned by a combined quantum mechanical/NMR approach, comparing the experimental 13C/1H NMR chemical shift data and 1
J
H-H homonuclear coupling constants with the related predicted values. The isolates were assayed for their anti-inflammatory potential evaluating nitric oxide release and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in J774A.1 macrophages treated with lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli. Our results indicated that, among the tested compounds, 1 – 3, and 7 were able to inhibit nitric oxide release, while all were able to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 expression with different potencies.
Hip Inflammatory Conditions: A Practical Differential Diagnosis Algorithmic Approach in Adults and Children
Authors: Jaremko Jacob L. , Teh James , Weidekamm Claudia , Jans Lennart , Herregods Nele
Published: June 2019

The child or adult patient presenting with acute hip pain in the absence of major trauma often presents a difficult diagnostic dilemma, due to the complex anatomy and diversity of pathology at the hip. A correct diagnosis is important because untreated hip inflammatory disease can lead to lifelong morbidity from structural damage at this weightbearing joint. An effective and efficient process of reaching an appropriate diagnosis often requires multiple imaging modalities overseen by careful clinical judgment. This article reviews an algorithmic approach to imaging the acutely painful hip, with attention to uses and limitations of each imaging modality, and it offers details on the key differential diagnoses in adults and children.
Imaging Methodology for Hip Preservation: Techniques, Parameters, and Thresholds
Authors: Mascarenhas Vasco V. , Ayeni Olufemi R. , Egund Niels , Jurik Anne G. , Caetano António , Castro Miguel , Novo João , Gonçalves Sara , Sutter Reto
Published: June 2019

The concept of hip impingement and hip-preserving surgery has been appreciated in more detail since 2001 when a new surgical approach was reported and a hypothesis linking femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) with osteoarthritis was presented. Paralleling the introduction of hip arthroscopy, these events led to an increasing interest in the hip, and the number of publications has risen rapidly over the past 15 years, despite limited evidence levels and inconsistent methodology. Accordingly, etiology, diagnosis, prognosis, and the effects of treatment for FAI are still elusive due to a number of uncertainties and a lack of clear diagnostic criteria.

Future research must focus on developing high-quality scientific studies, so thorough and reproducible methodology is needed. This review provides researchers, radiologists, and clinicians with a comprehensive approach to hip imaging with a focus on strategies to help guide the clinical diagnosis. Using evidence from current literature and knowledge from experienced clinicians, some of the imaging methodology challenges are deciphered.
Persistent Fetal Trigeminal Artery with Septopreoptic Holoprosencephaly: Report of an Unusual Association
Authors: D. Sunilkumar , M. Kiran , A. Subathra , K. Nagarajan
Published: June 2019

Septopreoptic holoprosencephaly (HPE) is a type of HPE characterized by failure of separation of the septal and preoptic regions. Vascular anomalies associated with septopreoptic HPE include twig-like cerebral vessels and azygos anterior cerebral artery, the latter common to all forms of HPE. Here, we describe an 8-year-old boy presenting with developmental delay and abnormal movements who was found to have septopreoptic HPE associated with persistent trigeminal artery in magnetic resonance neuroimaging. This persistence of fetal trigeminal artery in HPE provides a further understanding of the pathogenesis of HPE.
A Novel CLCN5 Splice Site Mutation in a Boy with Incomplete Phenotype of Dent Disease
Authors: Bitsori Maria , Vergadi Eleni , Galanakis Emmanouil
Published: June 2019

Dent disease is a rare X-linked renal proximal tubulopathy presenting with low-molecular-weight proteinuria (LMWP), hypercalciuria, and nephrocalcinosis, other signs of incomplete renal Fanconi syndrome, and renal failure. Early identification of patients who harbor disease-associated mutations is important for effective medical care and avoidance of unnecessary interventions. We report the case of an asymptomatic 9-year-old boy who presented with proteinuria in routine examination. Further investigation revealed the presence of nephrotic range proteinuria, mostly LMWP and mild hypercalciuria without nephrocalcinosis, or other features of tubular dysfunction. Renal function, growth, and bone mineral density were within regular limits. The male gender and the presence of LMWP and hypercalciuria even in the absence of other findings prompted us to genetic investigation for Dent disease. A novel splice site mutation (c.416–2A > G) of the chloride voltage-gated channel 5 (CLCN5) gene, responsible for Dent disease type 1 was identified. In silico analysis revealed that this mutation interferes with the mating of exons 4 and 5. Due to early molecular diagnosis, our patient did not undergo a renal biopsy, neither required aggressive pharmacological interventions. This case underscores the diversity and complexity of CLCN5 mutations and highlights the importance of early molecular testing in male patients with incomplete phenotype of Dent disease.
Social transmission favours the ‘morally good’ over the ‘merely arousing’
Authors: Stubbersfield Joseph M. , Dean Lewis G. , Sheikh Sana , Laland Kevin N. , Cross Catharine P.
Published: June 2019

Moral stories are pervasive in human culture, forming the basis of religious texts, folklore, and newspaper articles. We used a linear transmission chain procedure to test three competing hypotheses: (1) that moral content in general is preferentially transmitted between individuals compared to non-moral content; (2) that negativity bias leads specifically to morally bad content being preferentially transmitted; and (3) that a bias towards pro-social information leads specifically to morally good content being preferentially transmitted. While we found no support for a bias for moral content in general, we did find that morally good content was transmitted with greater fidelity than neutral or morally bad content, with ratings of morally good content but not morally bad content predicting transmission. Moral content, therefore, appears to be particularly culturally potent when it describes the ‘virtuous’ rather than the ‘sinful’. A second study repeated the first but also tested the influence of physiological arousal on transmission by measuring the electrodermal activity of participants. This study also found that morally good content was transmitted with greater fidelity than neutral or morally bad content and that physiological arousal had a negative effect on transmission with more arousing material being less faithfully transmitted. These results suggest that the communication of content relating to moral virtue might serve to avoid negative impression formation and promote social bonding, and that this might partially explain the ubiquity of moral content in human culture.
An effective experimental method and apparatus for unsteady water vapor condensation investigation in high speed expansion flow
Authors: Peng D. , Jin Y. , Fan X. D. , Yang J. M. , Zhai C.
Published: June 2019

This paper presents an effective experimental method and system for mechanism study of unsteady water vapor condensation encountered in high speed expansion flow. We proposed an experimental method and designed a simplified expansion system to fulfill the study. Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) and light sheet technique are integrated in the system to monitor the unsteady condensation process in a high speed expansion flow generated by the expansion system. Two near infrared water vapor absorption transitions (1395.0 nm and 1409.27 nm) and one near infrared methane absorption transition (1653.73 nm) are applied in the TDLAS measurement to measure the transient flow parameters during the condensation process. Using the experimental method, time dependent condensation processes are monitored with different expansion time scales. The light sheet results visually reveal the condensation phenomena during the expansion process, while TDLAS results quantitatively follow the condensation process. The experimental results are compared with computational fluid dynamics simulations and a good agreement between them is observed, which indicates that the presented experimental method and system is effective in investigating unsteady water vapor condensation in high speed expansion flow.
Poisson distributions in disordered metamaterials absorbers
Authors: Fernez N. , Burgnies L. , Dereudre D. , Lippens D. , Lheurette É.
Published: June 2019

The absorption mechanisms of Poisson-distributed disordered Metal-Insulator-Metal structures are investigated theoretically and numerically. In particular, from the Poisson point process, Slivnyak–Mecke integrals are used to predict the number of isolated particles and majority clusters as a function of the particle density z. Then, the impact of these numbers on peak, mean, and bandwidth absorbance is calculated by full-wave electromagnetic analysis. It is shown that the peak absorbance reaches a maximum value of higher than 0.9 for a particle density of 0.6 cm−2 originating from main contributions of monomers and dimers whereas trimers represent less than 6% of the total number of particles. The conclusions of these studies are experimentally confirmed by means of free-space characterization.
New insights into understanding the defect structures and relationship of frequency dependences of dielectric permittivity and ac conductivity of CaCu3Ti4O12
Authors: Fang Tsang-Tse , Lee Kuo-Tong
Published: June 2019

In view of the inconclusive defect structure of CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) ceramics, a defect model has been proposed in this investigation underlying the results of the previous works and updated knowledge in the literature papers concerning the band structure, charge transfer between Cu and Ti ions, and processing of CCTO. This model is capable of explaining why CCTO grain interior becomes semiconductive and grain and domain boundaries are insulating, and the grain-boundary resistance would dramatically drop due to the effect of sintering temperature/time and dopants. The ac conductivity of undoped and CaSiO3-doped CCTO associated with electrical charge carrier motion was investigated as a function of frequency at different temperatures. In order to identify the physical entity, the frequency dependence of ac conductivity at different temperatures is further characterized by the peak frequencies of the frequency dependence of the imaginary part of impedance (Z″) and electrical modulus (M″). The related physical entity has been specified by the activation energy and s value of power-law equation. It is suggested that each region cannot be specified by a unique physical entity; instead, it is a transition between relaxations of the related physical entity as the frequency increases. The electron hopping inside percolation clusters containing local polarized clusters of the related physical entity with the main contribution to the ac conductivity may determine the corresponding dielectric permittivity of each region.
Local supply of reactive oxygen species into a tissue model by atmospheric-pressure plasma-jet exposure
Authors: Kawasaki Toshiyuki , Mitsugi Fumiaki , Koga Kazunori , Shiratani Masaharu
Published: June 2019

The supply of reactive oxygen species (ROSs) into a tissue by plasmas must be controlled for the safe and effective use of plasma technologies in biomedical applications. In this study, the two-dimensional distributions of ROSs after passing through an agarose tissue model by the plasma-jet exposures were visualized using a KI-starch gel reagent to evaluate the local ROS supply. Partial ROS supply on the tissue model surface induced the local ROS supply in a pointlike shape just under the plasma-exposed spot. The O3-containing gas exposure without direct plasma contact could not induce the local ROS supply. Therefore, the local ROS supply was assumed to be induced by plasma-specific effects. However, the results also indicated that the plasma jet coming in direct contact with the tissue model surface did not necessarily induce the local ROS supply. The effects of the tissue model thickness on the local ROS supply were also studied; the local ROS supply could penetrate to a depth of 2 mm in the tissue model under the given experimental conditions.
1CPN: A coarse-grained multi-scale model of chromatin
Authors: Lequieu Joshua , Córdoba Andrés , Moller Joshua , de Pablo Juan J.
Published: June 2019

A central question in epigenetics is how histone modifications influence the 3D structure of eukaryotic genomes and, ultimately, how this 3D structure is manifested in gene expression. The wide range of length scales that influence the 3D genome structure presents important challenges; epigenetic modifications to histones occur on scales of angstroms, yet the resulting effects of these modifications on genome structure can span micrometers. There is a scarcity of computational tools capable of providing a mechanistic picture of how molecular information from individual histones is propagated up to large regions of the genome. In this work, a new molecular model of chromatin is presented that provides such a picture. This new model, referred to as 1CPN, is structured around a rigorous multiscale approach, whereby free energies from an established and extensively validated model of the nucleosome are mapped onto a reduced coarse-grained topology. As such, 1CPN incorporates detailed physics from the nucleosome, such as histone modifications and DNA sequence, while maintaining the computational efficiency that is required to permit kilobase-scale simulations of genomic DNA. The 1CPN model reproduces the free energies and dynamics of both single nucleosomes and short chromatin fibers, and it is shown to be compatible with recently developed models of the linker histone. It is applied here to examine the effects of the linker DNA on the free energies of chromatin assembly and to demonstrate that these free energies are strongly dependent on the linker DNA length, pitch, and even DNA sequence. The 1CPN model is implemented in the LAMMPS simulation package and is distributed freely for public use.
Progress on observations of interspecies ion separation in inertial-confinement-fusion implosions via imaging x-ray spectroscopy
Authors: Joshi T. R. , Hsu S. C. , Hakel P. , Hoffman N. M. , Sio H. , Mancini R. C.
Published: June 2019

We report on the analyses of x-ray-imaging spectroscopy data from experiments to study interspecies ion separation in direct-drive inertial-confinement-fusion experiments on the Omega laser facility. This is a continuation of recent, related research [S. C. Hsu et al., Euro Phys. Lett. 115, 65001 (2016); T. R. Joshi et al., Phys. Plasmas 24, 056305 (2017)]. The targets were argon (Ar)-doped, deuterium (D2)-filled spherical plastic shells of varying D2-Ar relative and total gas pressures. We used a time- and space-integrated spectrometer, streaked crystal spectrometer, and up to three time-gated multi-monochromatic x-ray imagers (MMIs) fielded along different lines of sight to record x-ray spectral features obtained from the implosions. The MMI data were recorded between first-shock convergence and slightly before the neutron bang time. We confirm the presence of interspecies ion separation as reported in our recent work. Extensions to the previous work include (a) the inclusion of shell mix in the data analysis, which slightly changes the amount of inferred species separation, (b) observation of species separation closer to the neutron bang time, and (c) fielding of the particle x-ray temporal diagnostic (PXTD) [H. Sio et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 87, 11D701 (2016)] to infer the relative timing between the neutron bang time and peak x-ray emission. Experimentally inferred species separation is compared with radiation-hydrodynamic simulations that include a multi-ion-species transport model.
Electron kinetics in low-temperature plasmas
Authors: Kolobov Vladimir , Godyak Valery
Published: June 2019

This article presents an overview of recent advances in the field of electron kinetics in low-temperature plasmas (LTPs). It also provides author's views on where the field is headed and suggests promising strategies for further development. The authors have selected several problems to illustrate multidisciplinary nature of the subject (space and laboratory plasma, collisionless and collisional plasmas, and low-pressure and high-pressure discharges) and to illustrate how cross-disciplinary research efforts could enable further progress. Nonlocal electron kinetics and nonlocal electrodynamics in low-pressure rf plasmas resemble collisionless effects in space plasma and hot plasma effects in fusion science, terahertz technology, and plasmonics. The formation of electron groups in dc and rf discharges has much in common with three groups of electrons (core, strahl, and halo) in solar wind. Runaway electrons in LTPs are responsible for a wide range of physical phenomena from nano- and picoscale breakdown of dielectrics to lightning initiation. Understanding electron kinetics of LTPs could promote scientific advances in a number of topics in plasma physics and accelerate modern plasma technologies.