bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Closer Look at Supporting Elementary Students With Autism in School
Authors: Copeland Haidee
Published: January 2020

While the educational criteria to be a person impacted by autism will always evolve, implementing educational best practices with fidelity significantly improves the likelihood of a student with autism succeeding in school. This chapter presents a brief overview of the educational criteria for an autism eligibility using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), a comparison of common characteristics or developmental milestones for typically developing elementary students and students with autism, a summary of standard best practices for elementary students with autism. The chapter provides a few examples of how these best practices can be applied across grade and inclusion-level categories.
Youth-Centered Transition Planning for Students With Disabilities Who Experience Foster Care
Authors: Harwick Robin
Published: January 2020

Youth with disabilities who experience foster care (YDFC) often experience poor long-term adult outcomes. However, when educators help them access appropriate services and supports YDFC can reach their maximum potential. This chapter describes a youth-centered approach to transition planning for this vulnerable population and highlights essential elements to consider during the process such as disability, mental health, trauma, resilience, self-determination, culture, and how trauma impacts mental health. The chapter concludes with an example of creating a youth-centered plan, possible tools to use, and additional resources.
The Development of Special Education and Inclusion in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Cheng-Fen , Wang Hui-Ting
Published: January 2020

This chapter provides an example from Asia for professionals interested in how culturally responsive education systems have been established for people with disabilities. The chapter begins with the history of special education in Taiwan, continues with the characteristics of the current special education system, and ends with discussion of issues and future development. Readers will find the history and the special education system developed from point to line and then to plane, to form a holistic, comprehensive model. The government, scholars, and parents together have contributed to the Special Education System. The system was influenced primarily by the US and Japan, but also stemmed from the unique Taiwanese culture itself. In addition, the author described different special education teacher training stages and the demands of higher standards of teacher training programs and the necessity for substantial changes. Finally, the authors identified three issues and trends for future development: service extension to both ends, service quality, and evidence-based practices.
Culturally Responsive Social-Emotional Learning
Authors: Cressey James
Published: January 2020

Culturally responsive teaching (CRT), social-emotional learning (SEL), and positive behavioral interventions and supports (PBIS) are powerful, evidence-based approaches to teaching and supporting students. Special educators and related professionals often use an integrated approach that draws from all three perspectives. However, scholarly researchers and professional development providers too often present each approach in isolation. This chapter proposes an integrated model of classroom and behavior management theories and practices, seeking to promote equity, cultural responsiveness, and social-emotional wellness. A review of pertinent research will be offered, followed by a series of real-world case example vignettes illustrating how special educators and rehabilitation professionals have integrated CRT, SEL, and PBIS in their work with students from PreK through high school.
US Medical School Accreditation
Authors: Granat Bonnie M.
Published: January 2020

Accreditation is a driving force in higher education that faces continually increasing scrutiny resulting from demands of the public. People want to be assured their doctors are well-trained and can care for them, their engineers are well-schooled and can design safe structures, and their lawyers have been well-educated to protect their interests. This chapter explores the history and importance of accreditation in medical education, provides guidelines and a timeline for accreditation, and looks at the effort required for success. The chapter also includes a glimpse at the process and the institutional commitment necessary to demonstrate and document a quality learning environment to the accrediting bodies.
Admission to US Medical Schools
Authors: Harrison Leila E. , Grabowski Christina J. , Amiri Leila , Nandagopal Radha , Sanker Richard
Published: January 2020

This chapter includes in-depth information on the medical school application process in the United States (US), the various admissions criteria and selection processes, and the range of interview and assessment modalities used to evaluate applicant competencies. It also provides information about the various pathways aspiring physicians may take to seek admission to medical school. In these sections, evidence is provided highlighting the work that has been done to better understand these areas. The chapter concludes with the important perspectives of an admissions committee chair and a pre-health advisor to further elucidate this complex process.
The Evolution of Core Curriculum in Medical Schools
Authors: Burshtein Aaron L. , Burshtein Joshua G. , Gold Peter A. , Garbarino Luke , Elkowitz David E.
Published: January 2020

Medical education has undergone an evolution from passive, lecture-based learning environments to curricula that accentuate an active and dynamic system. Stemming from technological innovation, a greater amount of responsibility has been placed on students during clerkships and residency. In addition, a shift in USMLE assessment focuses on interpretation and application as compared to the former memorization-heavy approach. Therefore, learning has been modified to prepare students for the future medical landscape. Through the use of Team-Based, Problem-Based, and/or Case-Based Learning, medical students are taught to understand content rather than memorize it. The authors elucidate the rationale behind active learning and present a guide for medical educators to adopt this style of learning in every part of the undergraduate medical school training process.
The Role of Humanities in Medical Education
Authors: Frank Arthur L.
Published: January 2020

This chapter considers the role and value of the study of the humanities in medical education. Most authors on this subject believe the study of the humanities results in a better physician. However, few papers document this almost universally accepted idea. This chapter cites the available literature on the subject and also considers how the study of the humanities has become more common in countries beyond the United States. The study of the humanities is thought to improve physician communication and to influence ethical behaviors, ultimately improving patient care.
Using the Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI) With First-Year, Pre-Med Students
Authors: Selzer Robin Arnsperger , Srivastava Rohan , Huckleberry Alexis
Published: January 2020

Medical education emphasizes cross-cultural training programs to meet the needs of diverse patients and understand social determinants of health as root causes leading to healthcare disparities. The question remains about how to best accomplish this in the curriculum. Students in pursuit of medical education need intercultural training early to examine implicit biases, treat the patient not just the disease, and become patient advocates before they practice. This chapter addresses critical issues related to the human side of healthcare. The Intercultural Development Inventory® (IDI®) and accompanying reflection prompts were administered to 40 pre-med students. Findings revealed students overestimated their intercultural understanding and 97.5% had monocultural mindsets. Six themes demonstrated how the IDI® can be used to develop critically reflective future healthcare providers: Reframing Reactions, Lack of Exposure to Other Cultures, Lack of Cultural Self-Awareness, Bi-cultural Identity and Fitting In, Healthcare Connections, and Diversity and University Opportunities.
The Premedical Years
Authors: Chervin Stephanie , Mecozzi Mariella , Brawn David
Published: January 2020

The premedical baccalaureate period is critical to shaping a high-achieving, diverse, and service-oriented medical school applicant pool. The focus on achieving superior academic performance in premedical coursework captures the attention of most premedical students, but equal attention must be paid to developing the personal qualities and experiences that will form the foundation of their future capacity to understand and communicate with patients. Premedical students are best served to major in a field for authentic intellectual reasons regardless of the field's immediate connection to the health care field. There is a growing trend for applicants to have a gap year or more between the undergraduate period and medical school. The authors discuss the role of letters of evaluation and the premedical committee in the application process. The authors have more than 40 years of combined experience in premedical academic and career advising at a large, research-focused public institution.
Clinical Educator Track Resident Programs
Authors: Stumpf Michael W. , Hayes Sonya D.
Published: January 2020

Medical residents have a growing responsibility to educate their fellow residents and serve as the primary teachers for medical students; however, many residents have reported lacking the skills needed to be effective teachers. Clinical educator tracks (CET) were designed to provide a more intense and diverse opportunity for residents to receive training in areas of learning theory, teaching, evaluation and assessment, curriculum design, research, and leadership. This chapter highlights promising practices in established CET programs in the United States and spotlights one CET program in Louisiana as an example. Based on a review of the literature, CET programs have the following promising practices in common: a commitment to teaching and learning, continuous improvement through program design and evaluation, and a focus on leadership and mentoring. The authors elaborate on the CET program at LSU Health Center and discuss future trends in CET programming.
Continuing Professional Development
Authors: Whicker Shari A. , Nagler Alisa
Published: January 2020

Continuing professional development is a critical responsibility within the complex role of today's physician. This chapter provides an overview of continuing professional development for physicians. The authors propose self-determination theory (SDT) as a foundational framework for discussing physician continuing professional development. They also address a variety of motivating factors for physicians being involved in continuing professional development. These factors include regulatory requirements, continued competence, career planning, and their own commitment to learn. Lastly, the authors include a discussion of various continuing professional development formats and the benefits of each, as well as challenges and barriers to effective continuing education.
Alice in Simulation-Land
Authors: Bazan Vanessa , Jax Michael D. , Zwischenberger Joseph B.
Published: January 2020

Surgical education has been compressed by integrated residency programs and restrictions on the number of hours surgical residents are allowed to work. Instilling basic technical skills as early as the first year of medical school can help maximize preparedness for surgical rotation and residency. This overview includes a detailed description of low, medium, and high-fidelity simulation-based training techniques and recommends introduction of surgical simulation early in the medical school curriculum. A personal vignette highlights this recommendation.
Finding Meaning and Purpose as a Physician
Authors: Lama Tenzing T.
Published: January 2020

Finding meaning in this age of the burnout epidemic has become the latest obsession in clinical medicine. Many choose introspection, mindfulness, or mental health treatments to refuel their moral reserves, but research may also help to serve that goal. In this chapter, the author writes about his journey as an immigrant to the United States at 16, navigating the educational system to eventually attend Oxford and Harvard on full scholarships, and finding meaning through research.
Computational Thinking and Social Studies Teacher Education
Authors: Hammond Thomas C. , Oltman Julie L. , Manfra Meghan M.
Published: January 2020

Computational thinking is highly applicable to social studies education, particularly decision-focused social studies. To better fit the disciplinary needs of social studies and align with social studies standards, we adapt and group computational thinking skills into a heuristic of data, patterns, rules, and questions (DPR-Q). We then propose a four-step model for social studies teachers to follow when planning lessons that integrate computational thinking within their curricular instruction. Both the DPR-Q heuristic and the instructional planning model are explained with worked examples from social studies classrooms. Successful integration of computational thinking into decision-focused social studies can both enrich the social studies curriculum and provide a curricular home for teaching computational thinking, bearing out Wing's claim that computational thinking is ‘everywhere' and ‘for everyone.'
Preparing Pre-Service Teachers for the Future
Authors: Moran Renee , Roberston Laura , Tai Chihche , Keith Karin J. , Price Jamie , Meier Lori T. , Hong Huili
Published: January 2020

In this chapter, we explore how our team of professors at East Tennessee State University integrated computational thinking into elementary education courses for pre-service teachers. We lean on current research to understand the definition, purpose, and culture surrounding computational thinking and consider how it may develop students' analytic skills and critical. Because of our particular context, we are interested in the play of gender and socioeconomic status in the development of technological and computational abilities. We share ideas we experimented with in Science and English language arts pre-service methods courses, as well as faculty and pre-service teacher perspectives on the developing experience.
Frameworks for Integration of Future-Oriented Computational Thinking in K-12 Schools
Authors: Garrigan Scott R.
Published: January 2020

Computational thinking (CT) K-12 curricula and professional development should prepare students for their future, but historically, such curricula have limited success. This chapter offers historical analogies and ways that CT curricula may have a stronger and more lasting impact. Two frameworks are central to the chapter's arguments. The first recalls Seymour Papert's original description of CT as a pedagogy with computing playing a formative role in young children's thinking; the computer was a tool to think with (1980, 1996). This “thinking development” framework emphasized child-centered, creative problem solving to foster deep engagement and understanding. Current CT seems to include creativity only tangentially. The second framework encompasses emergent machine learning and data concepts that will become pervasive. This chapter, more prescriptive than empirical, suggests ways that CT and requisite professional development could be more future-focused and more successful. It could be titled “Seymour Papert meets Machine Learning.”
Connecting With Industry in Computer Science Education
Authors: Cullen Theresa A.
Published: January 2020

As technology becomes a more influential part of our everyday life the need for those skilled in computer science increases. With concerns over the diversity and representation of the computer science pipeline, companies and organizations are stepping up to support teachers in elementary, middle and high schools to help prepare the next generation of programmers and technology workers. This chapter will describe efforts from the tech industry to support teachers in teaching computer science including support of consortia like Code.org, and developing curricula and training. It will also outline efforts working with organizations to train and place computer science professionals in K12 classes to volunteer, teach and provide role models to future computer scientists.
Gamification of Middle School Mathematics and Science
Authors: Incikabi Lutfi , Kepceoglu Ibrahim , Pektas Murat
Published: January 2020

Gamification, defined as the process of game-thinking and game mechanics to engage users and solve problems, is a fairly new and rapidly growing field. Literature suggests that gamification can contribute to develop higher order cognitive abilities such as problem solving and critical thinking skills. Using gamification in non-game situations enhances students' understanding and contributes on conceptual learning, especially in mathematics and science. This chapter introduces the concept of gamification in terms of its pedagogical underpinnings, integration of gamification into educational environments (with a focus on mathematics and science), a sample application of gamification in science content, and the future trends about possible directions of uses of gamification.
Introduction to the Basics of Stress
Authors: Karuppasamy Karthik Selva Kumar , Sahoo Niranjan , Selvaraj Balaji
Published: January 2020

For the design and development of new machine components, the researchers and engineers must have an extreme understanding of the stress, strain, and the basic equations/laws relating the stress to the strain. In this chapter, the authors show the basic concepts of stress developed in a component concerning the external loading and the loading concerning the body force. In this chapter, the following aspects were proposed to be briefly discussed: type of stresses, introduction to stress at particular node, stress equation relates the equilibrium of body, laws related to transformation of stress, states of stress, and sample solved problems related to the simple state of the stress system.
Introduction to Stress-Strain Relationship and Its Measurement Techniques
Authors: Karuppasamy Karthik Selva Kumar , P. S. Balaji , Sahoo Niranjan
Published: January 2020

In this chapter, the basic concepts of strain and the subject of components deformation and associated strain is proposed to be briefly discussed. The strain is a pure geometric quantity so there will be no limitation on the material of the component is required. The significant aspects related to strain and stress-strain relationship briefly discussed in this proposed chapter were as follows: displacement and strain, principal strains, compatibility equations, relationship between stress and strain, two and three dimensional state of stress with respect to strain, stress-strain relationship curve, and overview of various experimental techniques employed for the measurement of stress and strain respectively.
An Overview of Stress and Strain Measurement Techniques
Authors: Rout Anil Kumar , Sahoo Niranjan , Kulkarni Vinayak
Published: January 2020

Stress and strain are mechanical behaviour of materials, subjected to mechanical or thermal loading. The detrimental effect of such loading is the ultimate failure of materials due to generation of high stress and strain. Therefore, measurement and prediction of stress and strain values help in proper design and maintenance of engineering equipment and structures. The present contents elaborate and summarize different methods adopted by researchers for mechanical stress and strain measurements. The content is focused to provide an overview regarding the measurement techniques adopted for strain measurement. The analysis holds information regarding working principle of different strain measuring technique along with a brief description about the history of strain measurement. Special attention has also been devoted for explanation of thermal stress and strain measurement techniques. The modern non-contact techniques have evolved as a potential tool for such measurements even at higher temperature conditions.
Prominence in Understanding the Position of Drill Tool Using Acoustic Emission Signals During Drilling of CFRP/Ti6Al4V Stacks
Authors: Prabukarthi A. , Senthilkumar M. , Krishnaraj V.
Published: January 2020

CFRP/Ti6Al4V stacks are widely used in aerospace and automobile industries as structural components. The parts are made to near net shape and are assembled together. Aerospace standards demand rigid tolerance for the holes. While drilling stacks, during the exit of drill from CFRP and entry into Ti6Al4V, there is a change in the overall behavior of the drilling process due to changes in the mechanical properties of the two materials. Hence, stacks should be drilled under their optimal machining conditions in order to achieve better hole quality. The machining parameters and tool geometry are different for CFRP and Ti6Al4V. This requires knowing the thickness of the CFRP and Ti6Al4V layers beforehand so that at the time of drill tool transition from CFRP to Ti6Al4V the machining parameters can be altered. But in aircraft bodies the cross-section varies along the profile and the thickness of the individual layers at different locations. The current study proposes the use of acoustic emission (AE) signals to monitor the drill position while drilling of CFRP/Ti6Al4V stacks.
Platform Work and Participation
Authors: Kilhoffer Zachary
Published: January 2020

Platforms like Uber, Deliveroo, and Upwork have disrupted labor markets around the world. These platforms vary enormously in form and function, but generally contain three parts: digital platforms, which set the rules and intermediate communication and transactions between the other two parts, consumers and platform workers. Platform work is a diverse type of labor that developed around these platforms, and it has great potential to increase citizen participation. However, it is under intense scrutiny in light of widely publicized protests and court cases. This report attempts to disentangle the rhetoric surrounding platform work by discussing its emergence and conceptualization, key challenges, and how it may increase participation in the socio-economic sphere. The conclusion discusses how most policy proposals to regulate platform work fail to address the core issues, while potentially stifling innovative practices. Instead, the author suggests more tailored and proportionate regulatory responses.
Public Engagement and Policy Entrepreneurship on Social Media in the Time of Anti-Vaccination Movements
Authors: Song Melodie Yunju
Published: January 2020

North America has experienced a resurgence of measles outbreak due to unprecedentedly low Mumps-Measles and Rubella vaccination coverage rates facilitated by the anti-vaccination movement. The objective of this chapter is to explore the new online public space and public discourse using Web 2.0 in the public health arena to answer the question, ‘What is driving public acceptance of or hesitancy towards the MMR vaccine?' More specifically, typologies of online public engagement will be examined using MMR vaccine hesitancy as a case study to illustrate the different approaches used by pro- and anti-vaccine groups to inform, consult with, and engage the public on a public health issue that has been the subject of long-standing public debate and confusion. This chapter provides an overview of the cyclical discourse of anti-vaccination movements. The authors hypothesize that anti-vaccination, vaccine hesitant, and pro-vaccination representations on the online public sphere are reflective of competing values (e.g., modernism, post-modernism) in contemporary society.
Citizen Journalism
Authors: Noor Rabia
Published: January 2020

The last decade has brought several advanced technologies for journalists. This in turn brought in a new era of revolutionary concepts of journalism. One among them is citizen journalism. Although the practice of citizen journalism existed centuries before, it is new media that has accelerated its pace in contemporary times. Citizen journalism is one of the most novel trends in journalism at present. Nowadays, several alternative news sources are available on the internet, such as blogs, social networking websites, etc. These offer a wide variety of news, thus giving a good competition to mainstream media. On many occasions, citizen journalists have reported breaking news faster than professional journalists. With the result, mainstream media no longer serves as the sole source of news. Many established television channels and newspapers are bringing in innovations in their operations to compete with what can be termed as new forms of journalism. The chapter underlines the significance and limitations of citizen journalism, which is only going to grow in the coming times.
Final Framework for a Successful Business Incubator for Indonesian Public Universities
Authors: Gozali Lina , Masrom Maslin , Zagloel Teuku Yuri , Haron Habibah Norehan , Garza-Reyes Jose Arturo , Tjahjono Benny
Published: January 2020

Universities have a meaningful function in motivating young graduates to become entrepreneurs in the technology field. Still, Indonesia has an unemployment issue for people's welfare. Indonesia has many potential markets. The first objective of the research is to investigate the indicators and success factors of business incubators in Indonesian public universities. Second is to examine the critical factors that influence the success of business incubators in the Indonesian public universities The third is to propose and develop successful business incubators in Indonesian public universities, and fourth is to measure the influence of IT and e-commerce assistance factor to the success of the university business incubator. The results indicated that there are four significant success factors (i.e., information technology and e-commerce assistance – abilities of business incubator, mentoring and networking, funding and support, and university regulation) with the moderating factors of age of facility, credit and rewards, and good infrastructure system.
An Assessment of Federated Machine Learning for Translational Research
Authors: Thomas Manoj A. , Abraham Diya Suzanne , Liu Dapeng
Published: January 2020

Translational research (TR) is the harnessing of knowledge from basic science and clinical research to advance healthcare. As a sister discipline, translational informatics (TI) concerns the application of informatics theories, methods, and frameworks to TR. This chapter builds upon TR concepts and aims to advance the use of machine learning (ML) and data analytics for improving clinical decision support. A federated machine learning (FML) architecture is described to aggregate multiple ML endpoints, and intermediate data analytic processes and products to output high quality knowledge discovery and decision making. The proposed architecture is evaluated for its operational performance based on three propositions, and a case for clinical decision support in the prediction of adult Sepsis is presented. The chapter illustrates contributions to the advancement of FML and TI.
Factors That Determine Users' Switching Intention From a Debit/Credit Card to Adopting E-Wallet as a Payment Method
Authors: Lo Michael , Santoso Adhi Setyo
Published: January 2020

This study investigates the switching intention and actual behavior of e-wallet users in Greater Jakarta by using the push-pull and mooring model. There were 33 constructs distributed in Greater Jakarta. Using a quantitative technique, this research used non-probability sampling. The samples collected consisted of 357 valid responses. PLS-SEM and bootstrapping were conducted to check the validity, reliability, and hypothesis testing. Based on the results, low efficiency and personal experience had no significant influence towards switching intention. There was a significant influence from switching cost, social image, security, and alternative attractiveness towards switching intention. Lastly, there was a significant influence of switching intention towards actual behavior. The results gained from the study generated managerial and theoretical implications, which later can be used for the e-wallet provider to improve its services.
The Phenomenon of Blockchain Technology and the Future of Self-Stabilising and Self-Adaptive Systems of Systems
Authors: van Lier Ben
Published: January 2020

Thinking in terms of blockchain technology has developed rapidly over the past decade, with the focus primarily being on all the new possibilities created by this essentially technology-driven development. At its core, blockchain technology consists of a combination of reliable communication mechanisms between systems and the performance of joint decision-making processes by these systems. Consensus algorithms enable combinations of hardware, algorithms, and software (i.e., cyber-physical systems) to operate in networks and engage in secure intercommunication and interaction in these networks. Thanks to intercommunication, cyber-physical systems are able to reach consensus on decisions on information transactions to perform. This, in turn, empowers interconnected systems to increase their level of autonomy and adapt their individual and joint operations to changes that emerge from within them or from their environment.
Consumer Protection in Online Shopping
Authors: Yildirim Emre
Published: January 2020

The main purposes of this research are (1) to reveal the virtual credit card (VCC) awareness of online shoppers and (2) to prepare a to do list for managers and relevant institutions to provide a more secured internet shopping process by enhancing the trust perception of consumers. To this end, a structured questionnaire consists of three sections was designed and conducted during the period April-May 2018 in Turkey. The findings achieved show that online shoppers mostly attach importance to the recognition of the website, which means they seek trust in online shopping process. On the other hand, they mostly use credit and debit cards, which may make consumers encounter serious fraud issues. VCC usage is only 4.9% in general although VCC awareness is 55.1%. This low level of VCC awareness is associated with education level and the information provided by the financial banks.
Citizenship and Social Studies Curricula in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Broom Catherine A.
Published: January 2020

This chapter begins by reviewing the history of citizenship education in social studies curricula in British Columbia (BC), Canada, as a way of framing how the topic has been understood. It then discusses the latest curriculum revision in the province, which is in the process of being implemented. This new revision has dramatically changed the style of the curriculum in comparison with previous revisions, while also maintaining continuity in some areas, such as its conception of citizenship education. After this review, the author discusses issues related to the new curriculum such as its specific focus on particular concepts or theories which can limit teacher views and practices related to citizenship education. The chapter concludes by discussing alternative curriculum-framing and teaching ideas for citizenship education and social studies in general that connect into contemporary work and contexts.
Heritage Education as a Tool for Creating Critical Citizens
Authors: Ferreras-Listán Mario , Pineda-Alfonso José Antonio , Hunt-Gómez Coral Ivy
Published: January 2020

During the last decades, citizenship education has become a key priority, as it is one of the main concerns for governments and international organizations. Since 2004, the European Commission has been developing several programmes and projects with the aim of disseminating democratic values and raising awareness of the power of education and its role in the creation of democratic and participative citizenship. In light of this, heritage education, as one of the main dimensions of citizenship education, plays a key role in building a local identity to confront the challenges of global citizenship. The main aim of this study is exploring the conceptions that future secondary education teachers have regarding citizenship, democracy and heritage as well as identifying the relationships between education and the training they have received as future teachers.
Heritage Education in Central China
Authors: Lee Wing On , Hao Nan , Zhou Qian
Published: January 2020

Based on a review of the linkage between heritage education and citizenship education that includes cultural and inter-cultural education, this chapter provides a case study of heritage education in the Central Plains of China, which is one of the most important cradles of Chinese civilization with a splendid cultural heritage. Heritage education in this region helped youngsters to construct characters and qualities to be citizens. Even though heritage education is mainly a study of the past, Central China's past is not only “cultural” but also “inter-cultural” as it has been the traffic hub in history, and thus the growth of Chinese culture through the Central Plains is characterized by the absorption of diverse cultures passing through the hub. Its positioning is important for both teachers and students to reflect upon what we should be and how China can interact with other parts of the world in this age of globalization.
Religious and Ethnic Identification of Minoritized Youth in Hong Kong
Authors: Cheung Hin Wah Chris , Bhowmik Miron K. , Kennedy Kerry J. , Ng Hoi Yu , Hue Ming Tak
Published: January 2020

Religion plays an important part in the lives of many immigrants. The second generation is assumed to have a higher level of integration into the host society and lower religious and ethnic identification. This assumption, however, views acculturation as an essentialist process producing common outcomes for all groups. Yet such an assumption needs to be tested with different ethnic groups. This chapter, therefore, explores the cases of second generation Pakistani and Indian immigrant youth in Hong Kong. The findings indicate that it is not possible to generalise across these groups. Indian youth seem to have acculturated with a lower sense of religious and ethnic identification. Pakistani youth, on the other hand, reported relatively strong religious affiliation and sense of belonging to their heritage culture. This suggests that acculturation is a more nuanced process than is often portrayed and is strongly context dependent, influenced by group values, commitments and practices.
An Explorative Study on Senior Entrepreneurial Intention in Latin America
Authors: Palma-Ruiz Jesús Manuel , González-Moreno Sonia Esther , Caro-Lazos Luis Ever
Published: January 2020

As the aging population is rapidly increasing and life expectancy rates rise around the world, the different economies are faced with new challenges to provide adequate care for their senior citizens aged 60 and over, including health services and pension options. While retirement age is being increased and pension plans appear insufficient, such uncertainty is driving seniors to uphold an economic activity to pursue a better quality of life. Thus, entrepreneurship is becoming a common practice, and senior entrepreneurs have become one of the fastest-growing groups around the world. Senior entrepreneurship is recognized to have the potential to affect economic growth, hence carrying social and economic benefits for the economies. Based on data from the Adult Population Survey 2013-2017 from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, the authors of this chapter used binomial logistic regression analysis considering individual factors related to senior entrepreneurial intention in eight countries in Latin America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, and Peru).
Trustfulness as a Key Factor of Competitiveness in Medium-Sized Companies in Colombia
Authors: Lozano-Correa Luz Janeth , Pérez-Uribe Rafael Ignacio , Ocampo-Guzman David
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this chapter is to describe and study the dimensions that establish trustfulness between management and employees in medium-sized companies in Bogotá DC as a key factor for the competitiveness of organizations. To do this, an analysis was made of the aspects that allow to resolve the confidence indicators, the most representative variables of each of these dimensions were established with their respective items, and finally, the incidence of these in each of the dimensions was statistically verified. With its variables according three hypotheses. Specifically, the result of the Hypothesis 2 (H2) will be described: “In the dimension of relational capital the internal relations acceptance basically depends on the fulfillment of agreements and recognition that the leader assumes with his collaborators.”
Entrepreneurship, Innovation, and Aging
Authors: Garza Puentes Jenifer Paola , El Hag Sherine
Published: January 2020

The entrepreneurship processes is an important process in the development and mature economies. The Schumpeterian logic of the classic entrepreneurship analyses and considers an evident relation between the rates of innovation and a positive effect on economic growth. The technological progress is another factor to consider in the entrepreneurship procedure. It especially affects the business innovation process and the personal innovation process of the entrepreneur. Both innovation and technology, apparently, are not characteristics of old entrepreneurs. For this reason, in this chapter, the authors sought to contribute to the literature by explicitly connecting the age structure with innovative results as measured by technological progress.
The Role of Business in the Innovation Ecosystem
Authors: Gutiérrez-Leefmans Manuela
Published: January 2020

The rapid advance in the technology sector in the last decades has ignited smart city initiatives all over the world, which aim to provide solutions to current urban problems related to energy, waste management, traffic, and security, among others. However, although smart territories have been studied from different approaches, there seems to be a gap in the relationship between smart cities and businesses. Private entities have the knowledge, experience and in most cases, the resources to contribute to the synergy between governmental agencies and entrepreneurs. Three case studies from successful smart cities are presented together with an additional case study using original research in order to study the smart city under a business model framework, where each actor generates and captures value. Results indicate that private organizations play a key role in the innovation ecosystem, and they are crucial for collaboration with universities to encourage civil society participation in the smart city.
Social Innovation as a New Social Policy Tool for Regional Government Institutions in Smart Territories
Authors: Ates Muradiye
Published: January 2020

By aiming at improving social welfare and well-being, social policies, social innovation, and smart territories are closely related to each other. Local authorities are in direct contact with citizens and regional needs, which makes them an important actor in overcoming challenges ranging from housing, spare-time activities to education to improving democratic standards. There are many successful examples of social innovations, including FixMyStreet.com, participatory budgeting, and Open Government Vienna, which are supported by local governments that can contribute to the formation of smart cities and territories. By elaborating related examples from various perspectives, this chapter highlights the relation between social policy, social innovation, and smart cities.
The Importance of Intellectual Capital for the Sustainable Growth of Regions
Authors: Rađenović Tamara , Krstić Bojan
Published: January 2020

In the knowledge economy era, the importance of intellectual capital as the source of value creation has been well recognized in theory and practice. Only those countries, regions, organizations, and individuals who understand the significance of intellectual resources can improve their performances in the long run. Hence, this chapter aims to investigate the importance of intellectual potentials for the sustainable development of regions. The main contribution of this chapter is the presented methodological framework for measuring the intellectual performance of regions. Additionally, this study provides empirical research regarding regions in the Republic of Serbia. The obtained results can be a good starting point for policymakers in designing regional development strategies and policies.
Smart Territories, Collaborative Entrepreneurship, and Eco-Friendly Tourism for Development
Authors: Saiz-Alvarez José Manuel
Published: January 2020

Zero Waste Europe has awarded the village of El Boalo-Cerceda-Mataelpino (7,090 inhabitants) as the first Zero Waste Municipality of Spain. This chapter analyzes how a smart city has applied environmental conservation policies with the participation of a large number of residents in a public-private collaboration scheme to increase their quality of living, complemented with the application of circular economy and sustainable tourism policies focused on economic growth. Strategies that could be imitated by other small municipalities wishing to increase the quality of life of their population through sustainability.
Open Social Innovation
Authors: Erro-Garcés Amaya , Aramendía-Muneta Maria Elena
Published: January 2020

Three public European case studies are presented as an evaluation of a preliminary test of an adapted questionnaire to measure open social innovation. Findings include the differences and similarities between public and private performance. Public practitioners integrate these experiences later than private. The reasons for engaging in open innovation are different: whereas improving citizens´ relationships is the major public reason, creating partnerships is the private driver. Finally, technologies help open innovation in both public and private cases. Furthermore, it may be concluded that there is a lack of open social innovation professionals that leads to a barrier in the development of these policies in the public sector.
To Examine Women Social Entrepreneurial Ecosystems
Authors: Nair Suja Ravindran
Published: January 2020

In the past few decades, the concept of social entrepreneurship has emerged as a popular area of research study and practice. However, despite women social entrepreneurs showing great potentials through a reduced gender gap in social entrepreneurship unlike commercial entrepreneurship where the gender gap is found to be high, not much literature is available on women's social entrepreneurial ventures. This study is an attempt to fill up this gap through a review of prior literature on the field of social entrepreneurship. By reviewing the existing literature, the author draws a comparison between social entrepreneurship and women social entrepreneurship, then examines the success factors in women's social entrepreneurship and also discusses the challenges. To build-up the link between the literature and practice two real case studies are presented in support of the discussed theoretical inputs. Finally, limitations and future research areas are discussed.
Steps to Success
Authors: Kijanka Emilia , Lipska Katarzyna
Published: January 2020

Nowadays, successful companies are those that build their adaptability by improving business processes, optimizing costs, increasing customer satisfaction, and responding quickly to their customers´ needs. The company can choose two ways: keep its status quo, without going forward or backward, or to act on the opportunities that appear in the market. The reality consists of opportunities that the entrepreneur faces, and also, there are barriers, limitations, and disappointments that arise. Still, if they use innovative solutions, they gain a competitive advantage. In the modern world, the necessary resource is knowledge, which allows entrepreneurs to improve the position of the company in the market. This chapter presents the results of a study among economics and management students, who defined their way of understanding entrepreneurship, and indicate motives of starting-up a business and ranked the features that they believed are the attributes of a successful businessperson.
Improving the Communication Skills of International Students
Authors: Gündüz Murat , Alakbarov Naib , Demirci Ayhan
Published: January 2020

Since the second half of the 20th century, the rapid change in the world has emerged in the field of higher education (HE) as in many other areas. With international education, countries are preparing the ground for producing science in their countries, both by attracting qualified minds to their own countries and by offering them employment options. At the same time, the international training field, which is a competitive competition, allows countries to seriously increase their education investments and thus improve their quality. Through international education, there is better recognition and interaction among different cultures. In the countries where international students are located, the common cultural and artistic activities of the host students in the classroom, school, and campus and the communication with the public in the settlement will enable the cultures to get to know each other better.
Industry 4.0-Based Enterprise Information System for Demand-Side Management and Energy Efficiency
Authors: Musti K. S. Sastry , Iileka Helvi , Shidhika Fenni
Published: January 2020

The supply demand gap in energy sector in any country is a major challenge. Demand side management (DSM) and energy efficiency (EE) are the well-known solutions in the short term, and capacity addition is the long-term solution. However, both DSM and EE initiatives require significant investment and logistics if implemented in the traditional approach. The contemporary Industry 4.0 principles can be effectively applied to resolve several issues. This chapter proposes a novel enterprise information system (EIS) by treating the modern power systems as cyber physical system and to manage the processes of DSM and EE. A prototype system is suggested to pave the path for EIS, and the functional characteristics are illustrated with a few data visualizations.
Comparing community response indices in aquatic food web models
Authors: Móréh Ágnes , Jordán Ferenc
Published: January 2020

Aquatic ecosystems face several major challenges from the introduction and invasion of species, to overfishing. In order to better manage these situations, we need predictive models, where diverse scenarios can be simulated and tested. One key challenge to address is how to quantify the relationships between single-species disturbances and their multispecies effects. Mapping the spread of direct and indirect effects in food webs helps to link species to communities. Since food webs are complex networks of interactions, it is typically not easy to make predictions, so modelling and simulation may help to reveal general patterns. In food web simulations, one can quantify the effects of local perturbations on other species, i.e., community response. This may provide information about the relative importance of individual species and it is also useful to assess the vulnerability of the whole community to local changes. However, community response can be measured in several ways and various response functions give different results. In order to better understand their similarities and differences, we present a comparative study on a reasonable set of community response functions in food web simulations. These results contribute to build more predictive, multi-species models for systems-based conservation and management.