bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Micromechanisms of creep in clay‐rich gouge from the Central Deforming Zone of the San Andreas Fault
Authors: French M. E. , Chester F. M. , Chester J. S.
Published: January 2015

We report the strength and constitutive behavior of gouge sampled from the Central Deforming Zone (CDZ) of the San Andreas Fault. Layers of flaked CDZ gouge were sheared in the triaxial saw cut configuration using the stress relaxation technique to measure the gouge strength over 4 orders of magnitude in shear strain rate and at rates as low as 5 × 10−10s−1 and within an order of magnitude of in situ rates. Deformation conditions correspond to the in situ effective normal stress (100 MPa) and temperature (65 to 120°C) at the sampling depth of 2.7 km. Gouge was sheared dry and with brine pore fluid at 25 MPa pore pressure. Dry gouge is stronger and more rate strengthening than brine‐saturated gouge. Brine‐saturated CDZ gouge strengthens with increasing strain rate and decreasing temperature, and the dependencies of strength on strain rate and temperature increase at rates below ∼5 × 10−9s−1. At strain rates greater than ∼5 × 10−9s−1, the rate dependence is consistent with previous studies on the CDZ gouge conducted at even higher rates. The increase in rate dependence below ∼5 × 10−9s−1 indicates a change in the rate‐controlling deformation mechanism. The magnitude of the friction rate dependence parameter, a, and the temperature sensitivity of a are consistent with crystal plasticity of the phyllosilicates. We hypothesize a micromechanical model for the CDZ gouge whereby a transition from fracture and delamination‐accommodated frictional flow to crystal plasticity‐accommodated frictional flow occurs with decreasing strain rate.
Anomalous chlorofluorocarbon uptake by mesoscale eddies in the Drake Passage region
Authors: Song Hajoon , Marshall John , Gaube Peter , McGillicuddy Dennis J.
Published: January 2015

The role of mesoscale eddies in the uptake of anthropogenic chlorofluorocarbon‐11 (CFC‐11) gas is investigated with a 1/20° eddy‐resolving numerical ocean model of a region of the Southern Ocean. With a relatively fast air‐sea equilibrium time scale (about a month), the air‐sea CFC‐11 flux quickly responds to the changes in the mixed layer CFC‐11 partial pressure (pCFC‐11). At the mesoscale, significant correlations are observed between pCFC‐11 anomaly, anomalies in sea surface temperature (SST), net heat flux, and mixed layer depth. An eddy‐centric analysis of the simulated CFC‐11 field suggests that anticyclonic warm‐core eddies generate negative pCFC‐11 anomalies and cyclonic cold‐core eddies generate positive anomalies of pCFC‐11. Surface pCFC‐11 is modulated by mixed layer dynamics in addition to CFC‐11 air‐sea fluxes. A negative cross correlation between mixed layer depth and surface pCFC‐11 anomalies is linked to higher CFC‐11 uptake in anticyclones and lower CFC‐11 uptake in cyclones, especially in winter. An almost exact asymmetry in the air‐sea CFC‐11 flux between cyclones and anticyclones is found.
Influence of the North Pacific Victoria mode on the Pacific ITCZ summer precipitation
Authors: Ding Ruiqiang , Li Jianping , Tseng Yu‐heng , Ruan Chengqing
Published: January 2015

This study demonstrates the close connection between the second dominant mode of spring sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the North Pacific poleward of 20°N, referred to as the Victoria mode (VM), and the Pacific Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) precipitation during the following summer. Our analysis shows that strong positive VM cases are followed by positive precipitation anomalies over the central‐eastern Pacific ITCZ region, in association with negative precipitation anomalies over the ITCZ regions of the tropical western Pacific and eastern North Pacific. The hypothesized physical mechanism through which the spring VM induces the Pacific ITCZ summer precipitation is similar to but slightly different from the seasonal footprinting mechanism. During strong positive VM cases, SSTAs in the subtropics associated with the spring VM persist until summer and develop toward the equator, where low‐level convergence and divergence caused by SSTA gradients give rise to enhanced precipitation over the central‐eastern Pacific ITCZ region and to reduced precipitation over the ITCZ regions of the tropical western Pacific and eastern North Pacific. The thermodynamic ocean‐atmosphere coupling between the ITCZ and SSTAs associated with the VM may play a vital role in the initiation of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. The VM influence on tropical Pacific summer precipitation can be passed on to the next year through its influence on ENSO. A VM‐based linear model is established to predict the tropical Pacific summer precipitation, which yields skillful forecasts for summer precipitation across almost the entire tropical Pacific.
Cloud observations in Switzerland using hemispherical sky cameras
Authors: Wacker Stefan , Gröbner Julian , Zysset Christoph , Diener Laurin , Tzoumanikas Panagiotis , Kazantzidis Andreas , Vuilleumier Laurent , Stöckli Reto , Nyeki Stephan , Kämpfer Niklaus
Published: January 2015

We present observations of total cloud cover and cloud type classification results from a sky camera network comprising four stations in Switzerland. In a comprehensive intercomparison study, records of total cloud cover from the sky camera, long‐wave radiation observations, Meteosat, ceilometer, and visual observations were compared. Total cloud cover from the sky camera was in 65–85% of cases within ±1 okta with respect to the other methods. The sky camera overestimates cloudiness with respect to the other automatic techniques on average by up to 1.1 ± 2.8 oktas but underestimates it by 0.8 ± 1.9 oktas compared to the human observer. However, the bias depends on the cloudiness and therefore needs to be considered when records from various observational techniques are being homogenized. Cloud type classification was conducted using the k‐Nearest Neighbor classifier in combination with a set of color and textural features. In addition, a radiative feature was introduced which improved the discrimination by up to 10%. The performance of the algorithm mainly depends on the atmospheric conditions, site‐specific characteristics, the randomness of the selected images, and possible visual misclassifications: The mean success rate was 80–90% when the image only contained a single cloud class but dropped to 50–70% if the test images were completely randomly selected and multiple cloud classes occurred in the images.
Working Memory Rating Scale's Utility to Identify Children's Memory Difficulties in Diverse Educational Environments: Can It Work in Every School?
Authors: Politimou Nina , Masoura Elvira , Kiosseoglou Grigoris
Published: January 2015

The aim of the present study was to explore the psychometric properties of the observer‐based Working Memory Rating Scale (WMRS) tool, in a sample of 6‐ to 12‐year‐old Greek primary school children. Results established a good internal consistency; appropriate factorial, criterion‐related and convergent validity; and diagnostic utility of the scale in the Greek population. However, the relationship between teacher's ratings and the objective assessment of children's working memory abilities was mediated by children's vocabulary knowledge, suggesting that verbal skills can constitute a form of bias in this particular educational environment. In conclusion, the WMRS can provide a reliable assessment of children's working memory capacity in Greek schools. Nevertheless, characteristics of the child such as verbal abilities could bias teacher's judgments. Therefore, the WMRS in Greek schools should be used as an initial screener, and objective working memory measures should be included in the assessment if warranted. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intergenerational influences on the growth of Maya children: The effect of living conditions experienced by mothers and maternal grandmothers during their childhood
Authors: Azcorra Hugo , Dickinson Federico , Bogin Barry , Rodríguez Luis , Varela‐Silva Maria Inês
Published: January 2015

Objectives

To test the hypothesis that living conditions experienced by maternal grandmothers (F1 generation) and mothers (F2 generation) during their childhood are related to height and leg length (LL: height − sitting height) of their 6‐to‐8 year old children (F3 generation).

Methods

From September 2011 to June 2012 we obtained height and LL, and calculated z‐score values of these measurements for 109 triads (F1, F2, F3) who are Maya living in Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. Multiple regression models were adjusted to examine the relation of anthropometric and intergenerational socioeconomic parameters of F1 (house index and family size during childhood) and F2 (paternal job loss during childhood) with the z‐score values of height and LL of F3.

Results

Children's height and LL were positively associated with maternal height and LL. This association was relatively stronger in LL. Better categories of grand‐maternal house index were significantly associated with higher values of height and LL in grandchildren. Grand‐maternal family size was positively related with LL, but not with height.

Conclusions

Our findings partially support the hypothesis that living conditions experienced by recent maternal ancestors (F1 and F2) during their growth period influence the growth of descendants (F3). Results suggest that LL is more sensitive to intergenerational influences than is total height and that the transition from a traditional rural lifestyle to urban conditions results in new exposures for risk in human physical growth. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 27:494–500, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Monoarylation of Ammonia
Authors: Borzenko Andrey , Rotta‐Loria Nicolas L. , MacQueen Preston M. , Lavoie Christopher M. , McDonald Robert , Stradiotto Mark
Published: January 2015

Structurally diverse (hetero)aryl chloride, bromide, and tosylate electrophiles were employed in the Ni‐catalyzed monoarylation of ammonia, including chemoselective transformations. The employed JosiPhos/[Ni(cod)2] catalyst system enables the use of commercially available stock solutions of ammonia, or the use of ammonia gas in these reactions, thereby demonstrating the versatility and potential scalability of the reported protocol. Proof‐of‐principle experiments established that air‐stable [(JosiPhos)NiCl2] precatalysts can be employed successfully in such transformations.
Fused Corrole Dimers Interconvert between Nonaromatic and Aromatic States through Two‐Electron Redox Reactions
Authors: Ooi Shota , Tanaka Takayuki , Park Kyu Hyung , Lee Sangsu , Kim Dongho , Osuka Atsuhiro
Published: January 2015

A singly linked corrole dimer was synthesized by condensation of a dipyrromethane‐1‐carbinol with 1,1,2,2‐tetrapyrroethane. Oxidation of the dimer gave doubly linked corrole dimers 9 and 10 as the first examples of fused corrole dimers involving a meso–meso linkage. Dimers 9 and 10 exhibit characteristic 1H NMR spectra, absorption spectra, excited‐state dynamics, and two‐photon absorption (TPA) values, which indicate the nonaromatic nature of 9 and the aromatic nature of 10. Interestingly, 9 is fairly stable despite its unusual 2H‐corrole structure, which has been ascribed to the presence of two direct connections between the individual corrole units.
Morphology, structure, and photovoltaic properties of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester‐based ternary blends doping with polystyrene of different tacticities
Authors: Shi Jiangman , Zhou Weihua , Zhang Lin , Hu Kunxing , Xie Yuanpeng
Published: January 2015

The influence of the polystyrene of different tacticities on the morphology, phase structure, and photovoltaic properties of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) blend has been extensively investigated. The atactic polystyrene (aPS) immiscible with P3HT tended to form the phase‐separated and columnar structure at low aPS weight ratio. Besides, the aPS could migrate to the surface of the films with PCBM phase distributing in the interfaces between P3HT and aPS domains at high aPS weight ratio of 75 wt %. The syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) immiscible with P3HT could induce the crystallization of P3HT at low weight ratio of 3 wt %. The device based on aPS/P3HT/PCBM ternary blend showed of power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 1.2% even at aPS weight ratio of 50 wt %. However, the device based on sPS/P3HT/PCBM exhibited a sharp decrease in PCE value from 2.3% to 0.6% at sPS weight ratio of 3 wt %, due to the change in film morphology. The performance of the solar cell is believed to be determined by the morphology and phase structure of the ternary blends as revealed by the atomic force microscopy and UV‐vis spectra analysis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41823.
Precipitation polymerization in mixed monomer–solvent droplets
Authors: Shabnam Rukhsana , Tauer Klaus , Minami Hideto , Ahmad Hasan
Published: January 2015

This contribution reports the precipitation copolymerization of lauryl methacrylate–divinylbenzene (LMA–DVB) in stable isolated droplets dispersed in water. The droplets contain either n‐hexadecane (HD) or HD–toluene (HD–T) or toluene as a nonsolvent for the resulting P(LMA–DVB) copolymer. The polymerization proceeds smoothly with an appreciably high content of DVB without the formation of coagulum and thus proves the quite high stability of the droplet reactors. The differences in the interaction between the nonsolvent–copolymer combinations allow the variation of the internal morphology of the particles between core and shell type, highly porous, and solid sphere. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41881.
Preparation of emulsion‐type thermotolerant sizing agent for carbon fiber and the interfacial properties of carbon fiber/epoxy resin composite
Authors: Ge Heyi , Ma Xiaolong , Liu Huashi
Published: January 2015

A modified resin was synthesized through the reaction between dodecylamine and tetraglycidyldiaminodiphenylmethane (TGDDM), which was used as the film former of sizing agent for carbon fiber (CF). The sizing agents were prepared through phase inversion emulsification method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was utilized to analyze the modified resin. Particle sizes of the sizing agents were tested to evaluate their stabilities. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results demonstrated that the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the modified TGDDM is much higher than the Tg of the cured epoxy resin E‐44. The influences of the sizing treatment on CF were investigated by abrasion resistance, fluffs, and stiffness tests. The maximum abrasion resistance increased by 172.8%, compared with the abrasion resistance of the desized CF. Interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) results of the CF/TGDDM composites indicated that the interfacial adhesion between CF and matrix resin was greatly improved after CF was sized. The maximum ILSS value could obtain a 29.16% improvement, compared with the ILSS of the desized CF composite. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41882.
Development and assessment of a new 3D neuroanatomy teaching tool for MRI training
Authors: Drapkin Zachary A. , Lindgren Kristen A. , Lopez Michael J. , Stabio Maureen E.
Published: January 2015

A computerized three‐dimensional (3D) neuroanatomy teaching tool was developed for training medical students to identify subcortical structures on a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) series of the human brain. This program allows the user to transition rapidly between two‐dimensional (2D) MRI slices, 3D object composites, and a combined model in which 3D objects are overlaid onto the 2D MRI slices, all while rotating the brain in any direction and advancing through coronal, sagittal, or axial planes. The efficacy of this tool was assessed by comparing scores from an MRI identification quiz and survey in two groups of first‐year medical students. The first group was taught using this new 3D teaching tool, and the second group was taught the same content for the same amount of time but with traditional methods, including 2D images of brain MRI slices and 3D models from widely used textbooks and online sources. Students from the experimental group performed marginally better than the control group on overall test score (P = 0.07) and significantly better on test scores extracted from questions involving C‐shaped internal brain structures (P < 0.01). Experimental participants also expressed higher confidence in their abilities to visualize the 3D structure of the brain (P = 0.02) after using this tool. Furthermore, when surveyed, 100% of the students in the experimental group recommended this tool for future students. These results suggest that this neuroanatomy teaching tool is an effective way to train medical students to read an MRI of the brain and is particularly effective for teaching C‐shaped internal brain structures. Anat Sci Educ 8: 502–509. © 2015 American Association of Anatomists.
How online social interactions influence customer information contribution behavior in online social shopping communities: A social learning theory perspective
Authors: Cheung Christy M.K. , Liu Ivy L.B. , Lee Matthew K.O.
Published: January 2015

Online social shopping communities are transforming the way customers communicate and exchange product information with others. To date, the issue of customer participation in online social shopping communities has become an important but underexplored research area in the academic literature. In this study, we examined how online social interactions affect customer information contribution behavior. We also explored the moderating role of customer reputation in the relationship between observational learning and reinforcement learning as well as customer information contribution behavior. Analyses of panel data from 6,121 customers in an online social fashion platform revealed that they are significant factors affecting customer information contribution behavior and that reinforcement learning exhibits a stronger effect than observational learning. The results also showed that customer reputation has a significant negative moderating effect on the relationship between observational learning and customer information contribution behavior. This study not only enriched our theoretical understanding of information contribution behavior but also provided guidelines for online social shopping community administrators to better design their community features.
Tragverhalten dünnwandiger Betonhohlbauteile aus hochfestem Feinkornbeton
Authors: Busse Daniel , Empelmann Martin
Published: January 2015

Im Rahmen des DFG‐Schwerpunktprogramms 1542 “Leicht Bauen mit Beton” wurden am Fachgebiet Massivbau der TU Braunschweig dünnwandige Betonhohlbauteile entwickelt und unter überwiegender Normalkraftbeanspruchung geprüft. Den Bauteilen liegt das bionische Vorbild Bambus zugrunde, dessen erstaunliche Eigenschaften im asiatischen Raum bereits vielfach im Bauwesen genutzt werden und die hier auf den Betonbau übertragen wurden. Mit dem ausgewählten hochfesten Feinkornbeton sowie den untersuchten innovativen Bewehrungskonzepten konnten bionisch inspirierte Betonhohlbauteile mit Wandstärken von nur 2,5 bis 3,0 cm in sehr hoher Qualität hergestellt werden. Durch Versuche unter exzentrischer Normalkraftbeanspruchung konnte gezeigt werden, dass sowohl die Versagensmechanismen der dünnwandigen Bauteile als auch die erreichten Bruchstauchungen und damit die Ausnutzung der Betondruckfestigkeit maßgeblich durch das Bewehrungskonzept und die verwendete Bewehrungskonfiguration bestimmt werden. Aufgrund der sehr hohen Verformungsfähigkeit des untersuchten hochfesten Feinkornbetons darf daher bei sehr dünnwandigen, druckbeanspruchten Betonhohlbauteilen die Betrachtung der Betoneigenschaften nicht auf die Druckfestigkeit beschränkt werden, sondern ist auf das Dehnungsverhalten zu erweitern.

Load‐bearing behavior of thin‐walled hollow concrete elements made of high‐strength concrete with fine aggregate

Within the DFG Priority Programme 1542 ”Concrete Light" thin‐walled hollow concrete elements were designed and tested under predominant normal force at the concrete construction department at the TU Braunschweig. The elements are based on the bionic example of bamboo, whose astonishing features are widely used in Asia's building industry and in this case transferred into concrete elements. The selected high‐strength concrete with fine aggregate and the examined innovative reinforcement concepts are used to produce bionic hollow concrete elements with wall thicknesses of only 2.5 to 3.0 cm in very high quality. Using experiments under eccentric normal forces, it could be shown that the failure mechanisms of thin‐walled components as well as the achieved failure stresses and thus the utilization of the concrete compressive strength are significantly determined by the reinforcement concept and the reinforcement configuration used. Due to the very high deformation ability of the investigated high‐strength concrete – in case of very thin‐walled concrete elements under predominant normal force – the consideration of concrete properties can not be limited to the compressive strength and needs to be extended to the stress‐strain behavior.
Vorschädigungen in Beton infolge zyklischer Beanspruchungen und deren Auswirkung auf Transportprozesse im Hinblick auf eine schädigende AKR
Authors: Przondziono Robin , Timothy Jithender Jaswant , Nguyen Minh , Weise Frank , Breitenbücher Rolf , Meschke Günther , Meng Birgit
Published: January 2015

Auf Grundlage der Zielsetzung der Forschergruppe 1498 beschäftigt sich dieser Beitrag mit den Auswirkungen einer zyklischen mechanischen Belastung im Vierpunktbiegeversuch auf das Transportverhalten in Betongefüge. Hierzu wurde zunächst die Degradation des Mikrogefüges mittels Ultraschallmessungen sowie rissmikroskopischen Untersuchungen an Dünnschliffen charakterisiert. Mit dem Ziel der numerischen Modellbildung wurden Untersuchungen zum Wassereindringverhalten durchgeführt. Es wurden u. a. das Wassereindringverhalten über die Zeit und der Einfluss von Vorschädigungen experimentell geprüft. Basierend auf den gewonnenen Erkenntnissen zu den Einzelprozessen des Ionentransports in poröses Gefüge wurde ein mikromechanisches Mehrskalenmodell entwickelt, welches es ermöglicht, die Wirkung der Vorschädigung auf gekoppelte Feuchte‐ und Ionentransportprozesse vorherzusagen. Das Modell berücksichtigt die Topologie und räumliche Verteilung der Mikrorisse und deren Einfluss auf die Ionendiffusivität. Die numerische Simulation liefert bei anisotroper Verteilung der Mikrorisse eine erhöhte Alkali‐Eindringtiefe.

Degradations in concrete due to cyclic loading and its effects on transport processes with regard to ASR damage

According to the goals of the research group 1498, this paper deals with the effects of cyclic flexural loading in a four‐point bending test on the fluid transport processes within a concrete structure. Therefore, the degradation of the microstructure is characterized through ultrasonic wave measurements as well as microscopic crack analysis. In order to numerically model these processes, experiments on the penetration behavior of water into the concrete were carried out. The penetration behavior over time as well as the influence of degradation on the water transport were investigated. To predict the influence of concrete degradation on alkali diffusivity, a multi‐scale continuum micromechanics model is incorporated into the numerical model, which accounts for the topology and the three‐dimensional distribution of microcracks. As expected, the numerical simulation predicts larger alkali‐penetration in pre‐damaged concrete. Regarding the micro‐crack distribution, an anisotropic distribution of micro‐cracks tangential to the direction of the alkali and water flux increases their penetration depth.
Bet3 participates in autophagy through GTPase Ypt1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Zou Shenshen , Liu Yutao , Zhang Caiyun , Yu Sidney , Liang Yongheng
Published: January 2015

Three TRAPP (transport protein particle) complexes have been identified in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. GTPases Ypt1 and Ypt31/32 suppress autophagic defects in the mutants of TRAPPIII‐specific subunit (Trs85) and TRAPPII‐specific subunits (Trs130 and Trs120), respectively. However, the roles of the common TRAPP subunits (which also form the TRAPPI complex) in autophagy and their relationship to Rab GTPases in autophagy remain unclear. As Bet3 (a common TRAPP subunit) cannot be mutated together with either Trs85 or Trs130, we examined starvation‐induced autophagy and the cytoplasm‐to‐vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway in bet3ts cells. The results demonstrated that GFP‐Atg8 was dispersed in the cytoplasm and Ape1 accumulated as a unique dot on the vacuolar membrane in bet3ts cells. Further analysis revealed that Ape1 maturation and GFP‐Atg8 processing are defective in these cells. However, prApe1 (precursor form of Ape1) and GFP‐Atg8 are protease‐accessible in bet3ts cells under starvation, which indicates that Bet3 functions before autophagosome closure. Furthermore, active Ypt1, but not Ypt31, partly rescued the autophagic defects of bet3ts cells. We conclude that Bet3 is involved in autophagy and propose that it participates in autophagy through TRAPP complexes mostly via Ypt1 in yeast.
Establishment of a novel Chinese metastatic melanoma cell line showing the new cytogenetic and biological properties
Authors: Yi Xiuli , Zhu Guannan , Li Yan , Liu Ying , Luan Qi , Dai Wei , Wang Lei , Liao Wenjun , Gao Tianwen , Li Chunying
Published: January 2015

Malignant melanoma remains the most life‐threatening skin cancer to date. What makes it worse is the incidence keeps increasing worldwide, including in China. Notably, clinical studies revealed the distinct features in the Chinese population differing from those in Caucasians, which give hints to variant mechanisms underlying. Therefore, it is of great importance to generate a cell line with similar background for melanoma research in Chinese even Asian patients. However, most melanoma cell lines in use are derived from Caucasians, thus, we established one novel metastatic melanoma cell line, FLFMM‐34, derived from a Han Chinese woman. The cell line showed positive for S100, HMB45, vimentin and melan‐A. Chromosome analysis revealed multiple structural aberrations. Gene‐mutation analysis identified that FLFMM‐34 cells had BRAFV600E mutation and deletions of exon 2 and 3 in p16/CDKN2A. Importantly, two novel mutations including TP53P33R and TP53R142H have been detected. RT‐PCR results showed that FLFMM‐34 cells expressed a higher mRNA level of cyclinD1 than three other melanoma cell lines, WM793B, 1205Lu and A2058. In addition, in vivo mice model demonstrated that the cells could be transplanted into the subcutis of nude mice and produced tumors associated with lymphoid node metastases. In conclusion, these data indicate that FLFMM‐34 cell line can be employed as a suitable model for melanoma research in Chinese Han population.
Reversible Hydrogenation of Graphene on Ni(111)—Synthesis of “Graphone”
Authors: Zhao Wei , Gebhardt Julian , Späth Florian , Gotterbarm Karin , Gleichweit Christoph , Steinrück Hans‐Peter , Görling Andreas , Papp Christian
Published: January 2015

Understanding the adsorption and reaction between hydrogen and graphene is of fundamental importance for developing graphene‐based concepts for hydrogen storage and for the chemical functionalization of graphene by hydrogenation. Recently, theoretical studies of single‐sided hydrogenated graphene, so called graphone, predicted it to be a promising semiconductor for applications in graphene‐based electronics. Here, we report on the synthesis of graphone bound to a Ni(111) surface. We investigate the formation process by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), temperature‐programmed desorption (TPD), and density‐functional theory calculations, showing that the hydrogenation of graphene with atomic hydrogen indeed leads to graphone, that is, a hydrogen coverage of 1 ML (4.2 wt %). The dehydrogenation of graphone reveals complex desorption processes that are attributed to coverage‐dependent changes in the activation energies for the associative desorption of hydrogen as molecular H2.
Branched Polyethylenimine Improves Hydrogen Photoproduction from a CdSe Quantum Dot/[FeFe]‐Hydrogenase Mimic System in Neutral Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Liang Wen‐Jing , Wang Feng , Wen Min , Jian Jing‐Xin , Wang Xu‐Zhe , Chen Bin , Tung Chen‐Ho , Wu Li‐Zhu
Published: January 2015

Nature uses hydrogenase enzyme to catalyze proton reduction at pH 7 with overpotentials and catalytic efficiencies that rival platinum electrodes. Over the past several years, [FeFe]‐hydrogenase ([FeFe]‐H2ase) mimics have been demonstrated to be effective catalysts for light‐driven H2 evolution. However, it remains a significant challenge to realize H2 production by such an artificial photosynthetic system in neutral aqueous solution. Herein, we report a new system for photocatalytic H2 evolution working in a broad pH range, especially under neutral conditions. This unique system is consisted of branched polyethylenimine (PEI)‐grafted [FeFe]‐H2ase mimic (PEI‐g‐Fe2S2), MPA‐CdSe quantum dots (MPA=mercaptopropionic acid), and ascorbic acid (H2A) in water. Due to the secondary coordination sphere of PEI, which has high buffering capacity and stabilizing ability, the system is able to produce H2 under visible‐light irradiation with turnover number of 10 600 based on the Fe2S2 active site in PEI‐g‐Fe2S2. The stability and activity are much better than that of the same system under acidic or basic conditions and they are, to the best of our knowledge, the highest known to date for photocatalytic H2 evolution from a [FeFe]‐H2ase mimic in neutral aqueous solution.
ChemInform Abstract: First‐Principles Prediction of New Complex Transition Metal Hydrides for High Temperature Applications.
Authors: Nicholson Kelly M. , Sholl David S.
Published: January 2015

High‐throughput screening by DFT and grand canonical linear programming (GCLP) methods are used to compute thermodynamic properties and phase diagrams of complex transition metal hydrides (CTMH) with a library of 149 proposed materials based on known prototype structures and charge balancing rules.
ChemInform Abstract: Perovskite to Postperovskite Transition in NaFeF3.
Authors: Bernal Fabian L. , Yusenko Kirill V. , Sottmann Jonas , Drathen Christina , Guignard Jeremy , Loevvik Ole Martin , Crichton Wilson A. , Margadonna Serena
Published: January 2015

Polycrystalline samples of perovskite‐type NaFeF3 are prepared by solid state reaction of a 3:2:1 mixture of NaF, Fe, and FeF3 (Fe tube, 750 °C, 8 d).
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Efficient Mn4+ Activated Ca14Al10Zn6O35 Phosphor: Application in Red‐Emitting and White LEDs.
Authors: Lue Wei , Lv Wenzhen , Zhao Qi , Jiao Mengmeng , Shao Baiqi , You Hongpeng
Published: January 2015

The highly efficient deep red‐emitting phosphor Ca14Al10Zn6O35:Mn4+ is obtained by calcination of the metal carbonates and Al2O3 in air (1220 °C, 4 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Characterization of SrTiO3—ZnTe Nanocomposites for the Visible‐Light Photoconversion of Carbon Dioxide to Methane.
Authors: Ehsan Muhammad Fahad , Ashiq Muhammad Naeem , Bi Feng , Bi Yiqing , Palanisamy Sivakumar , He Tao
Published: January 2015

The title nanocomposites containing 25, 50, or 75% ZnTe are hydrothermally synthesized from appropriate mixtures of SrTiO3 and ZnTe in H2O (autoclave, 100 °C, 10 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Zirconium Trisulfide Ultrathin Nanosheets as Efficient Catalysts for Water Oxidation in Both Alkaline and Neutral Solutions.
Authors: Xie Junfeng , Wang Ruoxing , Bao Jian , Zhang Xiaodong , Zhang Hao , Li Shuang , Xie Yi
Published: January 2015

ZrS3 ultrathin nanosheets are prepared by liquid exfoliation of bulk ZrS3 with n‐propylamine (autoclave, 120 °C, 3 d) followed by ultrasound treatment (12 h) of a mixture of the solvothermally obtained product, EtOH, and 1‐cyclohexyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone.
ChemInform Abstract: Investigation of New Alkali Bismuth Oxosulfates and Oxophosphates with Original Topologies of Oxo‐Centered Units.
Authors: Lue Minfeng , Colmont Marie , Huve Marielle , De Waele Isabelle , Terryn Christine , Aliev Almaz , Mentre Olivier
Published: January 2015

Single crystals of [Bi12O15] Li2(SO4)4 (I) and [Bi7K2O8]K(SO4)4 (II) are grown by slow cooling of a mixture of Bi2O3, CuSO4, and M2CO3 (M: Li, K) in the molar ratio of 2:2:1 for (I) and 2:1:1 for (II) (Au tube in evacuated quartz ampoule, 1.
ChemInform Abstract: NaCu6Se4: A Layered Compound with Mixed Valency and Metallic Properties.
Authors: Sturza Mihai , Malliakas Christos D. , Bugaris Daniel E. , Han Fei , Chung Duck Young , Kanatzidis Mercouri G.
Published: January 2015

Phase‐pure NaCu6Se4 is prepared by two methods, 1.
ChemInform Abstract: A Molecular Iron Catalyst for the Acceptorless Dehydrogenation and Hydrogenation of N‐Heterocycles.
Authors: Chakraborty Sumit , Brennessel William W. , Jones William D.
Published: January 2015

Both the dehydrogenation and the hydrogenation reactions are shown to be catalyzed by the same, isolable molecular iron species, generated in situ from both IOC and IHC.
ChemInform Abstract: Design of C2‐Symmetric Salen Ligands and Their Co(II)‐ or Yb(III)‐Complexes, and Their Role in the Reversal of Enantioselectivity in the Asymmetric Henry Reaction.
Authors: Wu Shengying , Tang Jun , Han Jianwei , Mao Dan , Liu Xin , Gao Xing , Yu Jianjun , Wang Limin
Published: January 2015

Novel chiral C2‐symmetric salen ligands bearing morpholine moieties are designed and synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Malonate to α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones in Water Using a Perfluoroalkanesulfonamide Organocatalyst.
Authors: Kamito Yuji , Masuda Akira , Yuasa Hiroki , Tada Norihiro , Itoh Akichika , Nakashima Kosuke , Hirashima Shin‐ichi , Koseki Yuji , Miura Tsuyoshi
Published: January 2015

The corresponding Michael‐adducts are formed with high yields and enantioselectivities (up to 99% e.e.).The excellent performance of the catalyst is probably due to the ability of the perfluoroalkyl group to function as a preferable hydrophobic reaction field in water and its strong electron‐withdrawing nature.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective N‐Alkylation of Indoles with α,β‐Unsaturated Compounds Catalyzed by a Monomeric Phosphate.
Authors: Sunaba Hanako , Kamata Keigo , Mizuno Noritaka
Published: January 2015

The use of an organic‐solvent‐soluble phosphate as the catalyst allows the challenging N‐alkylation of indoles with α,β‐unsaturated esters, amides, and nitriles.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Ketone α‐Alkylation with Simple Olefins via Dual Activation.
Authors: Mo Fangyang , Dong Guangbin
Published: January 2015

A new ketone‐alkylation strategy is developed using simple olefins as the alkylating agents.
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Pot Oxidation/Enantioselective Oxa‐Michael Cascade.
Authors: Willemsen Jorgen S. , Megens Rik P. , Roelfes Gerard , van Hest Jan C. M. , Rutjes Floris P. J. T.
Published: January 2015

A laccase/TEMPO‐mediated oxidation is combined with an aqueous, enantioselective copper‐catalyzed Michael addition reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Fully Diastereoselective Synthesis of Polysubstituted, Functionalized Piperidines and Decahydroquinolines Based on Multicomponent Reactions Catalyzed by Cerium(IV) Ammonium Nitrate.
Authors: Suryavanshi Padmakar A. , Sridharan Vellaisamy , Maiti Swarupananda , Menendez J. Carlos
Published: January 2015

The CAN‐catalyzed three‐component reaction between acrolein derivatives, β‐dicarbonyl compounds and primary amines offers a general access to 1,4‐dihydropyridines which can be diastereoselectively hydrogenated to provide piperidines with hitherto inaccessible stereochemical arrangement.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Addition of Thioacids to Trisubstituted Nitroalkenes.
Authors: Phelan James P. , Patel Evan J. , Ellman Jonathan A.
Published: January 2015

This is the first catalytic enantioselective addition of thioacids to trisubstituted alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild and Efficient Synthesis of New Pentafluorosulfanyl‐Substituted Electron‐Deficient Alkenes and Allylsilanes.
Authors: Falkowska Ewelina , Suzenet Franck , Jubault Philippe , Bouillon Jean‐Philippe , Pannecoucke Xavier
Published: January 2015

Oxidation of pentafluorosulfanyl‐substituted alcohols (I) and (V) followed by coupling with alcohols or amines provides the corresponding acrylic esters and amides.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Oxidative Nitration of Aromatic Sulfonamides under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Li Ying‐Xiu , Li Lian‐Hua , Yang Yan‐Fang , Hua Hui‐Liang , Yan Xiao‐Biao , Zhao Lian‐Biao , Zhang Jin‐Bang , Ji Fa‐Jin , Liang Yong‐Min
Published: January 2015

This efficient, convenient, and direct nitration protocol tolerates a wide range of functional groups and shows typically mono‐substitution selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Bimetallic Co—Pd Alloy Nanoparticles as Magnetically Recoverable Catalysts for the Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols in Water.
Authors: Ito Yoshikazu , Ohta Hidetoshi , Yamada Yoichi M. A. , Enoki Toshiaki , Uozumi Yasuhiro
Published: January 2015

The catalyst is magnetically recovered and reused showing decreasing yields beginning with the third catalytic cycle.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective 1,4‐Conjugate Hydrocyanation of Dienones Using Potassium Hexacyanoferrate(II) as an Eco‐Friendly Cyanide Source.
Authors: Li Zheng , Yin Junjun , Li Tianpeng , Wen Gong , Shen Xiaoli , Yang Jingya
Published: January 2015

A novel method for the regioselective hydrocyanation of dienes (I) is developed using non‐toxic K4[Fe(CN)6] as the cyanide source.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Bromosuccinimide‐Mediated Reaction of Cyclic Styrenes with Chloramine‐T.
Authors: Chang Meng‐Yang , Chen Yi‐Chia , Chan Chieh‐Kai
Published: January 2015

A facile synthetic route for the preparation of substituted cyclic and open chain allylic sulfonamides is developed using the reaction of 1‐aryl substituted cycloalkenes as well as 2‐arylpropene with chloramine‐T and analogs.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Direct Synthesis of Unprotected NH‐Sulfoximines from Sulfoxides.
Authors: Miao Jinmin , Richards Nigel G. J. , Ge Haibo
Published: January 2015

A method for the direct imidation of sulfoxides is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu‐Catalyzed Cascades to Carbocycles: Union of Diaryliodonium Salts with Alkenes or Alkynes Exploiting Remote Carbocations.
Authors: Zhang Fengzhi , Das Shoubhik , Walkinshaw Andrew J. , Casitas Alicia , Taylor Michael , Suero Marcos G. , Gaunt Matthew J.
Published: January 2015

The reaction of alkyl instead of aryl substituted alkynes with (II) under the investigated conditions does not give the corresponding alkyl substituted cyclopentenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(II) Catalyzed Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of Conformationally Restricted Dispiro[1,3‐dioxolane]bisoxindoles.
Authors: Muthusamy Sengodagounder , Ramkumar Rajagopal
Published: January 2015

Rh‐catalyzed decomposition of isatine derived diazoketones (I) in the presence of keto components such as (II) and aromatic aldehydes results in a three‐component coupling reaction to yield conformationally restricted dispiro compounds (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Indium‐Mediated Allenylation of Arylacyl Bromides in a Route for the Synthesis of Substituted Furans.
Authors: Lin Mei‐Huey , Kuo Chung‐Kai , Huang Yen‐Chih , Tsai Yu‐Ting , Tsai Chang‐Hsien , Liang Kung‐Yu , Li Yi‐Syuan , Chuang Tsung‐Hsun
Published: January 2015

The new route for the synthesis of furane derivatives is based on indium promoted reaction of arylacyl bromides with propargyl bromides as the key step.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling of Benzimidazoles with Aldehydes to N‐Acylbenzimidazoles.
Authors: Yu Lin , Wang Min , Wang Lei
Published: January 2015

A direct dehydrogenative cross‐coupling of benzimidazoles with aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes is achieved using di‐tert‐butylperoxide as the oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Pot Tandem Synthesis of Various 1,2‐Disubstituted Benzimidazoles.
Authors: Yeong Keng Yoon , Ali Mohamed Ashraf , Wei Ang Chee , Choon Tan Soo , Osman Hasnah
Published: January 2015

A facile one‐pot four‐step synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives starting from 4‐fluoro‐3‐nitrobenzoic acid is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Annulated Isoxazoles via [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Alkenyl Bromides and Oximoyl Chlorides and Ag(I) Promoted Elimination.
Authors: Castillo‐Contreras Emmanuel B. , Stahl Alexander M. , Dake Gregory R.
Published: January 2015

Isoxazole heterocycles (VI) appended onto an oxabicyclo[4.4.0]decane ring are synthesized through a sequence involving substitution of 6‐bromo‐1‐cyclohexen‐1‐ol with aromatic aldehydes, conversion to oximoyl chloride intermediates, intramolecular [3 + 2] cycloaddition, and final elimination of HBr.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclization of 4‐Phenylthiosemicarbazide with Phenacylbromide Revisited. Formation of 1,3,4‐Thiadiazines and of Isomeric 1,3‐Thiazoles.
Authors: Pfeiffer Wolf‐Diethard , Junghans Dieter , Saghyan Ashot S. , Langer Peter
Published: January 2015

Previously reported condensation of phenacyl bromide (I) with phenylthiosemicarbazide (II) gave mainly the corresponding 1,3,4‐thiadiazine (III) while formation of 2‐phenylimino‐4‐phenyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1,3‐thiazol‐3‐amine (IV) needs harsher conditions, e.
ChemInform Abstract: Mannich‐Type Addition Reactions Between Lithium Derivatives of Benzo[d]thiazoles and N‐tert‐Butylsulfinyl‐3,3,3‐trifluoroacetaldimine: Convenient Generalized Synthesis of Bis(benzothiazole)s.
Authors: Mei Haibo , Dai Yanling , Wu Lingmin , Soloshonok Vadim A. , Han Jianlin , Pan Yi
Published: January 2015

The main feature of the synthesis of unexpected bis(benzothiazolyl)ethanes is the unusual role of CF3‐imine, which serves as a precursor to the bridging ethylene moiety.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Screening of Ethylene‐Spaced Bis‐Heterocycles.
Authors: Reddy A. Babul , Hymavathi R. V. , Swamy G. Narayana
Published: January 2015

Target compounds (IV) and (VI) are prepared in a one‐pot, three‐component reaction and their antibacterial and antifungal activities are evaluated.
ChemInform Abstract: Uncapped SnO2 Quantum Dot Catalyzed Cascade Assembling of Four Components: A Rapid and Green Approach to the Pyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazole and Spiro‐2‐oxindole Derivatives.
Authors: Paul Sanjay , Pradhan Koyel , Ghosh Sirshendu , De S. K. , Das Asish R.
Published: January 2015

Numerous combinations of ethyl acetoacetate (I), diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (IX) or the methyl carboxylate derivative of (IX) with hydrazine or aryl hydrazines (V), malononitrile (III) or methyl cyanoacetate (VII) and aldehydes (II) or analogues thereof are applied to the reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Dinuclear Zinc Catalyzed Asymmetric Tandem Michael Addition/Acetalization Reactions of Cyclic Diketones and β,γ‐Unsaturated α‐Ketoesters.
Authors: Song Xixi , Liu Jing , Liu Meng‐Meng , Wang Xi , Zhang Zhao‐Fei , Wang Min‐Can , Chang Junbiao
Published: January 2015

The chiral complex generated in situ from diethylzinc and a bispyrrolidine ligand efficiently catalyzes the reaction of diketones (I) and (IV) with various α‐ketoesters (II) to give chromene derivatives in high yields with an enantiomeric excess up to 96%.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Salicylaldehydes with Activated Terminal Alkynes in Aqueous Media: Synthesis of 3‐Substituted 4‐Hydroxy Chromenes as Potential Cytotoxic Agents.
Authors: Singh Shambhu Nath , Bopanni Ramu , Jayaprakash Sarva , Reddy K. Venkateshwara , Ashfaq Mohd Ashraf , Kumar K. Shiva , Pal Manojit
Published: January 2015

Derivatives (IIIc) and (IIId) show interesting inhibitory activity against MDA‐MB231 (breast cancer) cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed Annulation of Salicylimines with 1,3‐Dienes.
Authors: Ebe Yusuke , Nishimura Takahiro
Published: January 2015

This method gives benzopyrans in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of 11‐Amino‐3‐methoxy‐8‐substituted‐12‐aryl‐8,9‐dihydro‐7H‐chromeno [2,3‐b]quinolin‐10(12H)‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Han Guangfan , Du Jiawei , Chen Lizhuang , Zhao Lijun
Published: January 2015

Target compounds (VI) were prepared by condensation of 3‐methoxyphenol (I) with β‐dicyanostyrenes (II) followed by reaction with cyclic β‐dicarbonyl compounds (IV) and cyclization of the intermediate enamines (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Annulation of Arenes with 2‐Aminopyridine Derivatives: The Methyl Group as a Traceless Non‐Chelating Directing Group.
Authors: Manna Srimanta , Matcha Kiran , Antonchick Andrey P.
Published: January 2015

In the reactions using 2‐aminoquinoline derivatives (2‐AQ) an unprecedented demethylative annulation is observed.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Tetrahydro‐β‐carbolines and β‐Carbolines.
Authors: Eagon Scott , Anderson Marc O.
Published: January 2015

A microwave‐assisted Pictet‐Spengler reaction yields tetrahydro‐β‐carbolines as TFA or HCl salts depending on work‐up.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fused Heterocycles via Preferential Hydroamination of O‐Haloarylalkynes over N‐Arylation and Successive Intramolecular C—C Bond Formation.
Authors: Jha Rajeev Ranjan , Danodia Abhinandan Kumar , Verma Akhilesh Kumar
Published: January 2015

A Cu‐catalyzed tandem approach for the synthesis of indolo‐ and pyrrolonaphthyridines via regioselective addition of indoles or pyrrole to 3‐bromo‐2‐ethynylpyridines (II) followed by intramolecular cyclization is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Optimized Synthesis and Antimalarial Activity of 1,2‐Dioxane‐4‐carboxamides.
Authors: Lombardo Marco , et al. et al.
Published: January 2015

A series of the title compounds is synthesized as exemplified by the presented synthesis of (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Rh(III)‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Sultones Through C—H Activation Directed by a Sulfonic Acid Group.
Authors: Qi Zisong , Wang Mei , Li Xingwei
Published: January 2015

The synthesis of sultones by rhodium(III)‐catalyzed oxidative coupling between arylsulfonic acids and alkynes is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of 6‐Oxo‐1,4,5,6‐tetrahydropyrimidine‐5‐carboxylate Derivatives as Neuraminidase Inhibitors.
Authors: Liu Peng , et al. et al.
Published: January 2015

Most of the synthesized compounds show potent influence NA inhibitory activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Palladium Mediated Efficient Synthesis of Pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridines, Pyrazolo[3,4‐b]quinolines, Pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines and Pyrazolo[1,5‐a]quinazolines.
Authors: Shekarrao Kommuri , Kaishap Partha Pratim , Saddanapu Venkateshwarlu , Addlagatta Anthony , Gogoi Sanjib , Boruah Romesh C.
Published: January 2015

The reaction is conducted under environmentally benign conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Approach to 2‐Arylbenzoxazinone Derivatives from 2‐Alkynylanilines Using Copper‐Mediated Tandem Reactions.
Authors: Yamashita Mitsuaki , Iida Akira
Published: January 2015

The target compounds can also be obtained from 2‐iodoanilines (VI) in a one‐pot, three‐step synthesis via a preceding Sonogashira coupling.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis of Novel Aza‐Diketopiperazines via a Domino Cyclohydrocarbonylation/Addition Process.
Authors: Regenass Pierre , Margathe Jean‐Francois , Mann Andre , Suffert Jean , Hibert Marcel , Girard Nicolas , Bonnet Dominique
Published: January 2015

The stereoselective synthesis of novel bicyclic and tricyclic aza‐diketopiperazines is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient and Mild Oxidant for the Synthesis of S‐Tetrazines.
Authors: Selvaraj Ramajeyam , Fox Joseph M.
Published: January 2015

Diacetoxyiodobenzene is found to be a mild and efficient oxidant for the oxidation of 1,4‐dihydro‐s‐tetrazines to s‐tetrazines.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Selective Directed Arylation Reactions via Back‐to‐Back Dehydrogenative C—H Borylation/Arylation Reactions.
Authors: Keske Eric C. , Moore Brandon D. , Zenkina Olena V. , Wang Ruiyao , Schatte Gabriele , Crudden Cathleen M.
Published: January 2015

Pinacol borylation of 2‐arylpyridines is achieved in the presence of dimeric rhodium NHC complexes.