bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blending Creative Drama and Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning for Socioscientific Argumentation
Authors: Namdar Aysegul Oguz , Namdar Bahadir
Published: April 2021

Argumentation has received a significant amount of attention from the science education community. To implement this important teaching method and scientific practice in science classrooms, curriculum reforms have recommended incorporating socioscientific issues. Research indicates that students have difficulty organizing information about complex socioscientific issues; students also tend to ignore counterclaims and only use evidence that supports their own views. Therefore, alternative teaching strategies should be used to overcome this barrier. This chapter advocates for blending creative drama and computer-supported collaborative learning in the context of socioscientific argumentation; it concludes with an instructional sequence for successful decision making about these issues.
Combination of Simvastatin and FAC Improves Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Yulian Erwin Danil , Siregar Nurjati Chairani , Bajuadji
Published: April 2021

Purpose The efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) is limited due to drug resistance and cardiotoxic effects. Preclinical studies have shown that statin induces apoptosis and decreases breast cancer cell growth. This study aims to evaluate the role of statin in combination with fluorouracil, adriamycin, and cyclophosphamide (FAC) therapy in LABC patients.Materials and Methods We undertook a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial in two centers of Indonesia. Patients were randomly assigned to FAC plus simvastatin (40 mg/day orally) or FAC plus placebo (40 mg/day) for 21 days. The FAC regimen was repeated every 3 weeks. We evaluated the clinical response, pathological response, and toxicities.Results The objective response rate (ORR) for FAC plus simvastatin was 90% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99 to 1.67) by per-protocol analysis. No complete responses (CR) were recorded, but there were 48 partial responses. No significant difference was observed between the two groups with the ORR (p=0.103). The pathological CR rate was 6.25% (2 in simvastatin group and 1 in placebo group). Adverse events in both arms were generally mild, mainly consisted of myotoxicity. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression was a factor related to the success of therapeutic response (odds ratio, 4.2; 95% CI, 1.121 to 15.731; p=0.033).Conclusion This study suggests that simvastatin combined with FAC shows improvements in ORR and pathological response in patients with LABC. Although no statistically significant difference was documented, there was a trend for better activity and tolerability. The addition of 40 mg simvastatin may improve the efficacy of FAC in LABC patients with HER2 overexpression.
Kontakt- und varietätenlinguistische Aspekte des deutschen Lehngutes in der Mundart von Kropa
Authors: Krevs Birk Uršula , Krištofelc Domen
Published: April 2021

Vor über sechs hundert Jahren wurden deutsche Muttersprachler vorwiegend aus Kärnten angesichts des sich stark entwickelnden Eisenhüttenwesens in Kropa, einer Ortschaft in der Oberkrain, angesiedelt. Im Beitrag wird der Sprachkontakt in Kropa behandelt wie auch die deutschen Lehnwörter als Spuren des deutsch-slowenischen Sprachkontaktes in der Mundart von Kropa. Die Kontakte zwischen den Bewohnern Kropas und Kärntnern wie auch diversen Händlern, die Eisenprodukte aus Kropa in anderen Regionen verkauften, hinterließen viele Spuren in der Mundart von Kropa. Im Beitrag werden die substandardsprachlichen Germanismen unter mehreren Aspekten wie etwa der semantischen Felder wie auch der Varietätendistribution im Slowenischen dargestellt. Viele konvergente deutsche Lehnwörter wurden auch im Kroatischen anhand Stojićs Wörterbuchs der Germanismen in kroatischen Mundarten gefunden, was einen intensiven slawisch-deutschen Sprachkontakt widerspiegelt, dessen Spuren regionalweit in Südosteuropa und an dessen Rändern zu finden sind.
Von der Minderheitenbühne zur „europäischen Sendung des deutschen Theaters“
Authors: Heinrich Anselm
Published: April 2021

Das Theater spielte eine herausragende Rolle in der nationalsozialistischen Kulturpolitik. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit wurde dabei den zahlreichen deutschsprachigen Liebhaber- und Minderheitentheatern in Ostmitteleuropa zuteil, die nach den politischen Veränderungen 1918/19 nunmehr außerhalb der Reichsgrenzen arbeiteten. Viele von ihnen wurden aus Berlin unterstützt, manche nach 1933 sogar direkt subventioniert. Diese Kulturschaffenden, so die offizielle Lesart, waren Beleg dafür, dass weite Teile Ost-, Mittel- und Südeuropas trotz der Veränderungen nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg deutsch geblieben waren, obwohl das die derzeitigen politischen Grenzen nicht widerspiegelten. Das Ziel, diese Autoren und die Gebiete, in denen sie arbeiteten, wieder Deutschland einzugliedern, wurde beispielsweise in den Publikationen Heinz Kindermanns deutlich formuliert. Das steigende Interesse an Literatur, Musik und Theater der deutschen Minderheiten muss daher als Vorgriff auf die militärischen Expansionsbestrebungen des Zweiten Weltkriegs gesehen werden. Umso verwunderlicher mag es daher erscheinen, dass dieses offizielle Interesse nach der eigentlichen Besetzung weiter Teile Ost-, Mittel- und Südeuropas kaum mehr eine Rolle spielte und die deutschen Minderheitentheater anstatt ausgebaut und gefördert, weitgehend verdrängt und durch Berufsensembles ersetzt wurden. Der vorliegende Artikel zeichnet einige der Grundlinien dieser Entwicklung nach, eine Entwicklung, die in der einschlägigen Literatur bisher kaum Beachtung gefunden hat.
Volkssagen der Gottscheer: Aspekte des Raumes
Authors: Birk Matjaž
Published: April 2021

Die Sagen der Gottscheer, enthalten in dem für die Sammlung und den Transfer ihrer Volksdichtung grundlegenden, von dem Gottscheer Wilhelm Tschinkel veröffentlichten Werk Gottscheer Volkstum in Sitte, Brauch, Märchen, Sagen, Legenden und anderen volkstümlichen Überlieferungen (1932), weisen wegen des inselhaften Charakters des Gottscheer Sprachgebietes außerordentliche stoffliche und thematische Urwüchsigkeit auf.

Bei der ästhetischen Verräumlichung kommt in den Sagen neben Pflanzen und Gegenständen besondere Bedeutung den magischen Handlungen zu, die an karsttypische, auf die Vergangenheit bezogene Naturräume gebunden sind. Die Raumpraxis besteht aus einer Kette von Stimmung erzeugenden Handlungsrekurrenzen, die von Herausforderung bis Bezwingung des Übernatürlichen reichen, für eine Reihe von Verrückungen in den Beziehungen zwischen dem Unheimlichen und dem Vertrauten am angestammten Ort sorgen und die Unergründbarkeit des menschlichen Lebens deutlich in Erscheinung treten lassen. Die innere Raumdialektik lässt die Gottscheer als von vormodernen und modernen Verhaltens- und Handelspraxen geprägte, in einem nach Innen und Außen hin offenen Kommunikationsraum verortete und durch zahlreiche Transgressionen von geographischen, ethnischen, sozialen, kulturellen und geschlechtlich kodierten Räumen gekennzeichnete Individuen erscheinen. Während ihre als Bestandteil der deutschen Volkskultur repräsentierten Sagen sie im Repräsentationsraum eines universale Geltung beanspruchenden Nationalkonzepts positionieren, erfahren Raumtransgressionen durch sittliche Abgrenzungen in der Beziehung zu den Eindringlingen, wie Franzosen und Türken, und nicht zuletzt in ihrer Eigenschaft der verfremdeten Andersheit auch zu den Slowenen sichtbare Risse.
Gegen den Bedeutungsverlust einer Kultur: John Eiselmeier und der Status der deutschsprachigen Minderheit in den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Coignard Tristan
Published: April 2021

Dem bei Linz geborenen John Eiselmeier, der sich in den 1870er Jahre mit seiner Familie im südlichen Teil Illinois’ niederließ, wurde bisher in der Forschung wenig Achtung geschenkt. Er wurde zum Lehrer ausgebildet, sammelte an verschiedenen Schulen in Illinois, Missouri, Nebraska und Wisconsin Lehrerfahrungen, die er später als Ausbilder im Rahmen des National German-American Teachers‘ Seminary an angehende Lehrkräfte weitergeben konnte. So wurde er zu einem Akteur, der sich für den Erhalt der deutschen Sprache und eines deutsch-amerikanischen Schulsystems einsetzte.

Eiselmeier wurde zum Zeugen des zunehmenden Bedeutungsverlustes der deutschen Kultur und der Spannungen, denen die deutsche Gemeinschaft ausgesetzt war. Selbstreflektierung wurde dabei zum Ausgangspunkt für seine Diagnose über die Veränderungen in der amerikanischen Wahrnehmung der deutschsprachigen Einwanderer.

Eiselmeier verschwieg keineswegs die Krisenerscheinungen, die sich innerhalb der deutschsprachigen Gemeinschaft offenbarten und ihren Status bedrohten. Er thematisierte sowohl den Rückgang der Sprache, die Anfeindungen gegen Deutsche in Kontext des Ersten Weltkriegs als auch das zunehmende Desinteresse an einer intensiven Pflege der deutschen Kultur in den Einwandererkreisen. Diese Aspekte bieten den Anlass für eine Diskussion über folgende Hypothese: Stellten die ersten Jahrzehnte des 20. Jahrhunderts eine Etappe dar, bei der es zum Übergang von einem offenen Integrationsmodell zum Assimilationsmodell kam?
Tachovská kuchařka receptů, přiběhů a vzpomínek. Tachauer Kochbuch der Rezepte, Geschichten und Erinnerungen
Authors: Nicklas Thomas
Published: April 2021

Der Band ist reich mit Fotografien aus der Lebenswelt des 20. Jahrhunderts illustriert, die Abbildungen der Speisen und Gerichte sind sehr gelungen und erhöhen durch den optischen Reiz den Appetit und das Lesevergnügen. Die tschechisch-deutsche Zweisprachigkeit im Buch trägt nicht nur der historischen Bikulturalität der Region Rechnung, sie bereichert auch die Präsentation.
Salmonella Dublin associated with abortion in dairy cattle in Algiers and comparison of different diagnostic methods
Authors: Hezil Dj , Zaidi S. , Benseghir H. , Zineddine R. , Benamrouche N. , Ghalmi F.
Published: April 2021

Background: In cattle, many serotypes of Salmonella enterica are responsible for a wide variety of clinical manifestations, which can cause considerable economic loss. Some serotypes can cause cows to abort sporadically, such as the Dublin serotype. This study was carried out on different cattle farms in the Algiers region to determine the prevalence of Salmonella Dublin using bacteriological and immunological methods.Methodology: The prevalence of Salmonella was determined by bacteriological analysis in accordance with the reference method AFNOR NF U 47-100 on faecal samples collected from 184 cattle belonging to 19 different farms, and serotyping for S. Dublin. Immunological analysis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for S. Dublin was carried out on milk samples collected from 91 cattle. A survey of case (n=5) and control (n=14) farms for comparative analysis was performed to demonstrate a link between abortion in cows and prevalence of S. Dublin with both bacteriological and immunological methods. Sensitivity, specificity, Cohen Kappa coefficient, McNemar test odds ratios, and confidence intervals were calculated using Winepiscope 2.0 and StatA 9.1 software,and p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: The bacteriological results showed a prevalence of 7.6% (95%CI: 3-10), for Salmonella and serotyping revealed a prevalence for S. Dublin of 2.7%. The immunological analysis of milk by the ELISA technique revealed a prevalence of 13.2% (95%CI: 5-20) for S. Dublin. The comparative study between immunological results from milk and bacteriological results from faeces for detecting S. Dublin  showed poor agreement between the two tests (k=0.25), with enzyme immunoassay being significantly more sensitive than the bacteriological test (p<0.05). The results of the survey did not demonstrate a clear association between bacteriological detection of S. Dublin in faeces and abortion in cows (OR=8.66, 95%CI: 0.58-130.12). However, with the immunological analysis of milk for S. Dublin, there was a significant positive association (OR=62.33, 95%CI: 2.13-18.22) between a positive antibody response to S. Dublin in milk and the presence of abortions on the farm.Conclusion: In view of these results, we can conclude that Salmonella infections should systematically feature in the differential diagnosis of abortions in dairy cattle in Algeria.

Keywords: S. Dublin, cattle, faeces, milk, abortion, immunology, bacteriology, Algiers
Prevalence, characteristics and antibiogram profile of Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolated from raw and fermented (nono) milk in Benin City, Nigeria
Authors: Igbinosa I.H. , Chiadika C.
Published: April 2021

Background: Most Escherichia coli strains are harmless commensals, but some serotypes can cause serious food poisoning in their hosts, and are infrequently responsible for product recalls due to food contamination. The present study was carried out to determine the occurrence of E. coli O157:H7 and other E. coli strains from raw and fermented (nono) milk in Benin City, Nigeria.Methodology: A total of 66 (33 raw and 33 nono) milk samples were obtained from retailers from 3 different stations in Aduwawa market, Benin City, Nigeria between January and June, 2017. Samples were analysed by cultural methods for faecal coliforms using M-Fc agar, E. coli using Chromocult coliform agar, and E. coli O157:H7 using sorbitol MacConkey agar supplemented with cefixime and potassium tellurite. Presumptive E. coli andE. coli O157:H7 isolates were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using specific primers. Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of confirmed isolates was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, with zones of inhibition interpreted according to the guidelines of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Data were  analysed using the SPSS version 21.0.Results: From the 66 nono and raw milk samples assessed in this study, all (100%) were phenotypically positive for E. coli O157:H7. A total of 19 E. coli O157:H7 and 41 other strains of E. coli were confirmed by PCR. The resistance profile of the 19 E. coli O157:H7 isolates showed 100% (19/19) resistance to penicillin G and ampicillin; 94.7% (18/19) to chloramphenicol; 89.5% (17/19) to erythromycin; and 78.9% (15/19) to sulfamethoxazole and oxytetracycline, while the sensitivity profile showed that 100% (19/19) E. coli O157:H7 isolates were sensitive to gentamicin and ofloxacin. The resistance profile of other 41 E. coli isolates showed 100% (41/41) resistance to penicillin G and ampicillin; 97.6% (40/41) to chloramphenicol; and 92.7% (38/41) to erythromycin, while 97.6% (40/41) were sensitive to  gentamicin and kanamycin. Ten E. coli O157:H7 isolates (52.6%) showed extensive drug resistance pattern to 11 antibiotics in 7  antimicrobial classes with multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of 0.46.Conclusion: Findings from the present study clearly indicated that the safety and quality of fresh and fermented milk were not satisfactory and could be of public health concern.

Key words: Nono, Escherichia coli; Pathotypes, Resistance index, Public health, Milk
Point prevalence survey of antimicrobial consumption and resistance: 2015-2018 longitudinal survey results from Nigeria
Authors: Umeokonkwo C.D. , Oduyebo O.O. , Fadeyi A. , Versporten A. , Ola-Bello O.I. , Fowotade A. , Elikwu C.J. , Pauwels I. , Kehinde A. , Ekuma A. , Goossens H. , Adedosu A.N. , Nwafia I.N. , Nwajiobi-Princewill P. , Ogunsola F.T. , Olayinka A.T. , Iregbu K.C.
Published: April 2021

Background: Nigeria joined the global community in monitoring antimicrobial prescribing practices since 2015. Results of individual hospital Global Point Prevalence Survey (Global-PPS) have stimulated efforts at instituting hospital-based antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programmes. We report the trends of antimicrobial prescribing rates and quality indicators for 3 surveillance periods; 2015, 2017 and 2018.Methodology: The web-based Global-PPS for surveillance of antimicrobial use in hospitals (www.globalpps.com) was completed by each participating hospital site for all inpatients receiving antimicrobials on a selected day in 2015, 2017 and 2018. Data included details on antimicrobial agents, reasons and indications for treatment and a set of quality prescribing indicators. Data were validated by the web-based data management system of University of Antwerp, exported into Microsoft Excel and analyzed with EPI INFO version 7.2.Results: Thirteen hospitals participated in the survey involving a total of 5,174 inpatients. Mean weighted overall antimicrobial prescribing prevalence was 70.7% which declined over the years from 71.7% in 2015 to 59.1% in 2018 (p<0.001). The rate of documentation of date for post prescription review improved from 27.9% in 2015 to 48.5% in 2018 (p<0.001) while the rates of targeted treatment declined from 12.0% in 2015 to 5.2% in 2018 (p<0.001). There was no significant change in the choice of parenteral drug administration (64.5% in 2015, 65.1% in 2017 and 62.6% in 2018; p=0.6803), and but there was significant increase in documentation of reasons for prescription in case notes (62.2% in 2015, 74.5% in 2017, and 70.9% in 2018; p=0.008). Overall, the main indications for therapeutic prescribing were skin and soft tissue infections (20.8%), sepsis (15.9%) and pneumonia (11.6%). The top three antibiotics for therapeutic use were ceftriaxone (18.2%), metronidazole (15.3%) and ciprofloxacin (10.4%).Conclusions: The survey showed reduction in the overall antimicrobial prescribing rate especially in hospitals that had introduced AMS programmes. Among the quality prescribing indicators, documentation of post prescription review date showed improvement. The Global-PPS serves as a cost effective, flexible and userfriendly tool in instituting AMS programmes in hospitals.

Keywords: antimicrobial prescribing, hospital, global-point prevalence survey, quality indicators
A review of COVID-19 vaccines strategies and anti-vaxxers theories
Authors: Adesokan A. , Obeid M.A.
Published: April 2021

In what is a global record time of getting the COVID-19 vaccines available within 11 months, the world has equally been faced with several myths and conspiracy theories dissuading the public from accepting vaccination as an important measure in the response to the pandemic. We reviewed the leading conspiracy theories and balanced these with the scientific basis of viral transmission and replication and the broad role of vaccination in tackling this challenge. We briefly examined the design of the leading vaccines, and provided recommendations for worldwide COVID-19 distribution, acceptance and use.

Keywords: COVID-19, vaccine, anti-vaxxer, review

 

French Title: Un examen des stratégies de vaccins COVID-19 et des théories anti-vaxxers

Dans ce qui est un temps record mondial pour obtenir les vaccins COVID-19 disponibles en 11 mois, le monde a également été confronté à plusieurs mythes et théories du complot dissuadant le public d'accepter la vaccination comme une mesure importante dans la réponse à la pandémie. Nous avons passé en revue les principales théories du complot et les avons équilibrées avec la base scientifique de la transmission et de la réplication virales et le rôle général de la vaccination dans la lutte contre ce défi. Nous avons brièvement examiné la conception des principaux vaccins et formulé des recommandations pour la distribution, l'acceptation et l'utilisation du COVID19 dans le monde.

Mots clés: COVID-19, vaccin, anti-vaxxer, revue
Quality of metagenomic DNA extracted for molecular identification of microorganisms from CSF samples of patients with suspected cerebrospinal meningitis in northern Nigeria
Authors: Peletiri I.C. , Ikeh E.I. , Nna E. , Ndike U.P. , Usman Y.B. , Durfa L.D. , Okonkwo C.N. , Murtala R. , Nnajide C.R.
Published: April 2021

Background: Following an increase in the practice of starting antimicrobial therapy prior to clinical sample collection, the ability to confirm pathogenic microorganisms of bacterial meningitis has decreased by approximately 30%. Culture results may be false negative when fastidious or culture-resistant bacteria are involved or when patient samples are obtained after antimicrobial therapy has started. Molecular diagnosis using PCR can be performed directly on clinical samples after metagenomic DNA (mDNA) extraction not requiring live organisms for a positive result. The specific objectives of this study are to perform mDNA extraction directly from cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) using appropriate spin column method, and to determine the quality of the mDNA elute.Methodology: Cerebrospinal fluid specimens were collected from 210 patients with suspected acute cerebrospinal meningitis (CSM) in the Federal Capital Territory and some States in Northern Nigeria during the 2017 and 2018 outbreak seasons. Metagenomic DNA was extracted from approximately 200µL of CSF specimens using the Qiagen QIAamp(R) DNA Mini kit specific for bacterial agents only. DNA quality check was performed on all DNA elutes using fluorometric, spectrophotometric and agarose gel electrophoresis methods.Results: Of the 210 CSF samples analyzed microbiologically, Gram reaction was positive in 94 cases (44.8 %) but only 17 (8.1 %) were culture positive for two of the three major bacterial causes of meningitis. One hundred and eighty (85.7%) samples had DNA  concentrations ≥ 0.005 ng/µL, 55 (30.6 %) of these had DNA purity (A260/A280) of ≥ 1.7, 103 (57.2%) had purity value between 1.0 - 1.69, 14 (7.8%) had value of 0.57 - 0.99, and 8 (4.4%) failed purity evaluation with value of 0.00 at A260/A280.Conclusion: The essence of mDNA extraction is multipurpose. A multiplex PCR can be performed on the extracted mDNA to interrogate the presence of microbial pathogens of interest using specific primers and probes (when applicable). Quality mDNA from CSF samples will ensure successful qPCR results for rapid and accurate detection of bacterial pathogens in meningitis. This will  eliminate the challenges associated with traditional culture methods.

Keywords: Meningitis, CSF, DNA Quality Check, Fluorometry
Characterization of biofilm formation in clinical urinary isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from five hospitals in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Orjih C.I. , Ajayi A. , Alao F.O. , Adeleye A.I. , Smith S.I.
Published: April 2021

Background: Biofilm formation by pathogens is of great clinical importance as it mediates persistence and resistance to antibiotics, hence posing difficulty in treatment and management of diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biofilm forming potential of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from urine samples of females with urinary tract infection and to detect the presence of clumping factor (clfA) and intracellular adhesion (icaA) encoding genes.Methodology: A total of 50 S. aureus were obtained from urine samples of women in five hospitals in Lagos State, Nigeria. Isolates were confirmed by standard biochemical and novobiocin susceptibility tests. The isolates were screened for biofilm formation using three methods; Congo-red agar (CRA), tube, and tissue culture plate (TCP) methods. Detection of clfA and icaA genes was done by PCR.Results: The Congo red agar method showed that 39 (78%) of the isolates were biofilm producers while 11 (22%) were non-biofilm producers. However, the tube method indicated that 12 (24%) were strong biofilm producers, 26 (52%) were moderate biofilm producers, and 12 (24%) were non-biofilm producers. The standard TCP assay showed that strong biofilm producers (OD > 0.240) were 13 (26%), moderate biofilm producers were 22 (44%), and weak or non-biofilm producers (OD < 0.120) were 15 (30%). The tube method showed a good correlation with the TCP method for strong biofilm production. Ten (20%) isolates possessed clfA gene and 31 (62%)possessed icaA gene.Conclusion: The ability of S. aureus to form biofilm is a key risk factor that can increase morbidity and mortality from infections they cause. Hence, rapid and sensitive phenotypic methods can be used in screening for biofilm formation thereby providing data that can guide therapy and control of the pathogen.

Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, Biofilm, Clumping factor, Intracellular adhesion
Comparative analysis of poliovirus-specific IgA and cytokine levels in the sera of Ascaris lumbricoides-infected and helminth-negative Nigerian children after oral poliovirus vaccination
Authors: Akinwande K.S. , Arinola G.O.
Published: April 2021

Background: Intestinal helminth infection is associated with altered immune responses and compromised vaccine efficacy in infected children. Altered immune response due to Ascaris lumbricoides infection may compromise efficacy of oral poliovirus vaccination in children. There is no information on humoral immune response during oral poliovirus (OP) vaccination of A. lumbricoides–infected Nigerian children. The objective of this study is to determine the serum levels of cytokines (tumour necrosis factor–alpha TNF-α,  interferongamma IFN–γ, interleukins -4, -6, -8, -10) and poliovirus-specific IgA (PV-IgA) antibody in children infected with A. lumbricoides compared with helminth-negative children (control) before and after oral poliovirus vaccination.

Methodology: Twenty-three A. lumbricoides-infected children between ages 5-15 years (13 males and 10 females) and 23 age (4-15 years) and sex-matched helminth-negative children who met selection criteria were enrolled into the study after ethical approval and informed consent. Their stool samples were examined for helminth ova using concentration technique. Sera were collected before and 3 weeks after OP vaccinations, and serum concentrations of IFN–γ, TNF–α, IL-4, -6, -8, -10, and poliovirus-specific IgA concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The level of statistical significance was set at α0.05.

Results: Pre-vaccination serum levels of IFN–γ, IL–4, IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly higher in A. lumbricoides–infected children compared with pre-vaccination levels in helminth-negative children. Postvaccination serum levels of IFN–γ, IL–4 and IL-8 were  significantly higher in A. lumbricoides–infected children compared with post-vaccination serum levels in helminth-negative children. In the A. lumbricoides-infected children, pre-vaccination serum levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly higher compared with post vaccination levels while pre-vaccination serum levels of IFN–γ, IL–4 and IL-8 were significantly higher in helminth-negative children compared with the post-vaccination levels. There was no significant reduction in post-vaccination median serum level of PV-IgA  compared with level before vaccination in A. lumbricoides-infected children. Also, there was no significant increase in post-vaccination median serum level of PV-IgA compared with level before vaccination in helminth-negative children.

Conclusion: Oral polio vaccine administration caused decrease expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8) in A. lumbricoides-infected school children, and A. lumbricoides infection may reduce PV-IgA production following OP vaccination.

Keywords: Ascaris lumbricoides infection, cytokines, children, poliovirus vaccination
Parasitofauna of ground-dwelling anurans from cocoa plantations in Ugboke, Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Edo-Taiwo O. , Aisien M.S.O.
Published: April 2021

The parasitofauna of ground-dwelling anurans from pesticide-treated cocoa plantations (CP) in Ojo Camp, Ugboke, Edo State of Nigeria were investigated and compared with those recovered from host specimens collected from the village settlement (VS). The anurans were caught by hand following visual or acoustic location. The anurans encountered in both the VS and the CP included Aubria subsigillata, Hylarana spp. (H. albolabris and H. galamensis), Sclerophrys spp. (S. maculata and S. regularis), Ptychadena spp. (P. aequiplicata, P. longirostris, P. mascareniensis, P. oxyrhynchus and P. pumilio) and Hoplobatrachus occipitalis. Hylarana galamensis, Ptychadena spp. and Sclerophrys spp. were encountered in the VS and the CP while Aubria subsigillata, H. albolabris and H. occipitalis occurred only in the CP. The helminth parasites recovered included four cestode species (adult of Cylindrotaenia jaegerskioeldi and three encysted  proteocephalid larvae), five Polystoma spp. 11 species of digeneans and 19 nematode species. More parasite species were recovered from toads collected from the VS; parasite prevalence was generally low in both habitats but the intensity of infection was higher in the specimens collected from the VS. Although cip A. subsigillata and H. ocitalis both occurred in the CP, A. subsigillata was the more susceptible host of the two, harbouring 16 helminth parasites as against four from H. occipitalis. Polystomes were recovered from H. albolabris and H. galamensis in addition to Diplodiscus fischthalicus and Mesocoelium spp. Infections occurred  mostly among the Ptychadeniidae collected from the CP, with prevalence ranging from 12.5% to 100% and infection intensity from 1.0 to 13.0. The generally low parasite burden in anurans from the CP can possibly be attributed to the pesticide contamination of this habitat which may have hindered the development of the free-living stages of parasites in this milieu.

Keywords: Anurans; cocoa plantation; pesticides; parasitofauna; prevalence; intensity.
Distribution of tsetse flies and its Trypanosoma species infection in Old Oyo National Park, Nigeria
Authors: Omonona A.O. , Abioye S.A. , Odeniran P.O. , Ademola I.O.
Published: April 2021

Tsetse fly infestation in national parks is a major health risk to both the wildlife and tourists coming to sub-Saharan Africa. However, information on distribution and diversity of tsetse flies and trypanosome infection rate in Protected Areas like Old Oyo National Park in south-west Nigeria is largely unknown. Thus, the study evaluates distribution and diversity of tsetse flies in Magurba Range of Old Oyo National Park. Twelve Nzi traps were set at 50 m equidistance to capture Glossina species for a period of six months between February and August, 2019, considering both the altitudinal and ecological significance. A total of 136 tsetse flies belonging to four species; G. palpalis, G. tachinoides, G. morsitans and G. fusca; were captured. More Glossina species were captured during dry season 77.9% (70.0-84.6) than the wet season 22.1% (15.4-30.0). There was significant difference (p = 0.0001; x2 = 84.9; OR = 12.5) between the proportion of Glossina species captured at the riverine areas (106; 77.9%) and the woodland/forest areas (30; 22.1%). Glossina captured at ground level and 30 cm above ground were 71 (52.2 %) and 65 (47.8%) respectively. The overall prevalence of trypanosome infection (2.94%) was observed for Glossina spp. The presence of infected Glossina spp. indicated an urgent need to establish a concise strategic vector control in National Parks, in order to reduce the risk of transmission to both wildlife and humans in the area. The park is frequently visited by tourists, rangers, researchers and students for educational purposes.

Keywords: Glossina spp.; Trypanosoma spp.; vector distribution; Old Oyo National Park
KAFKA GOES TO SCHOOL - METAMORPHOSIS, FREUD, RANCIÈRE AND ADORNO
Authors:   Federal Institute of Brasilia - IFB, Brasilia Campus, Brasilia, DF, Brazil., Lasneaux Marcello Vieira
Published: April 2021

Gregor Samsa, one morning, upon waking up, realizes that he had become a cockroach. Cockroaches are the totemic representation of the paralysis of the intellect, and Gregor's room represents what is of the order of the psychic. The traditional school is cheap. Only in the domain of what is internal, Gregor Samsa does not interfere in the world and his attempt at revolt does not appear in the subject. The system is so orchestrated by its apparatus that even in its absence, it is present. Away from the real oppressor, who profits from all the quarrels inside the Samsa residence, they all reveal the true character of what they are, Freudian parapraxia; everyone turns out to be system employees. In the classroom, it is no different. Gregor Samsa is the stupid student. This is a work of bibliographic review, in which a critical reading of the theme is sought. The purpose of this article is to detect possible links between the work Metamorphosis with school education. The fantastic brought by Kafka permeates the social criticism of a time that can be connected with the pedagogical process. The baratal objectified being is the silhouette of the school student. When Rancière points the way to intellectual emancipation, he wants to claim the individual's right to assume his will and his intelligence. Kafka, Rancière and Adorno signal us: there is an organized world that orthopedizes our thinking. In an attempt to make the content understand, the teacher-system interrupts the movement of reason, destroys confidence in itself, expels the proper path of acquisition by offering the disconnected image from the path of the other, the teacher.
IMPLICATIONS OF VITAMIN D INSUFFICIENCY/DEFICIENCY IN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES: A REVIEW
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Alves Angela Maria Pereira , Cesilio Izabela Aparecida Marques ,   Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Alves Eder Paulo Belato ,   Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Defani Marli Aparecida ,   Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Schneider Larissa Carla Lauer ,   Universidade Estadual de Maringá
Published: April 2021

A vitamina D é um hormônio esteroide lipossolúvel com amplitude de efeitos biológicos que extrapolam a regulação do metabolismo do cálcio e da saúde óssea, que alcança preponderante papel na manutenção da homeostase sistêmica, relacionado ao crescimento, diferenciação e apoptose celular, regulação dos sistemas imunológico, cardiovascular e muscular e ao metabolismo da insulina; além de participar da modulação direta ou indireta de cerca de 3% do genoma humano. Frente o exposto, e considerando as graves complicações advindas da deficiência de vitamina D para a saúde e qualidade de vida, propôs-se neste trabalho um estudo descritivo, o qual relaciona a insuficiência/deficiência desta vitamina a algumas doenças autoimunes como o lúpus eritematoso sistêmico, o diabetes mellitus, a esclerose múltipla, a artrite reumatoide e a doença inflamatória intestinal (Doença de Crohn). Este estudo foi desenvolvido a partir de 58 artigos, dentre os quais incluem os de revisão, artigos originais de pesquisas clínicas e experimentais, publicados entre 2008 a 2020, obtidos a partir da pesquisa no banco de dados Pubmed®, Google Acadêmico e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO). Com base nos estudos relacionados às doenças autoimunes, pode-se concluir que a vitamina D exibe função imunomoduladora crucial, garantindo eficiente sistema de proteção. Estudos que versam sobre a suplementação de vitamina D, tanto para a prevenção quanto para o tratamento das doenças autoimunes existentes são necessários e de grande valia para o entendimento dessas implicações.
"Agent-based simulation of restaurant deliveries facilitating cargo-bikes and urban consolidation"
Authors: Fikar Christian , Gronalt Manfred
Published: April 2021

"Last-mile distribution in urban areas is challenged by congestion and restriction for motorized traffic. To support operations, this work investigate the impact of operating urban consolidation points and facilitating cargo-bikes for urban last-mile distribution. Motivated by sample setting originating from the food delivery industry, a decision support system combining agentbased simulation with heuristic optimization procedure is developed. It considers a logistics provider who performs the last-mile delivery for multiple competing restaurants in an urban area. Therefore, both demand and the availability of cargo-bikes, which are operated by freelancers, are subject to randomness. Computational experiments investigate the impact of the available amount of cargo-bike drivers as well as the number of operated consolidation points, highlighting the importance of facilitating simulation models to support operations in highly dynamic and uncertain settings."
RESULTS OF INVESTIGATION OF RADIONUCLIDES CONTENT IN DRINKING WATER IN THE OBSERVATION ZONE OF THE BELARUSIAN NPP
Authors:   Scientific practical centre of hygiene, Zhukova Olga M. , Nikalayenka Alena M. ,   Scientific practical centre of hygiene, Sychyk Siarhey I. ,   Scientific practical centre of hygiene, Kliaus Viktoria V. ,   Scientific practical centre of hygiene, Drazdova Alena V. ,   Scientific practical centre of hygiene, Matsko Mikolaj G. ,   Republican center for hygiene, epidemiology and public health, Tananka Yauheni M. ,   Grodno regional center for hygiene, epidemiology and public health
Published: April 2021

This article presents the results of studies of the content of natural (228Ra, 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, 210Po, 210Pb, 238U) and technogenic (137Cs, 90Sr) radionuclides in drinking water from centralized (wells) and decentralized (wells) water supply sources in the observation area of the Belarusian NPP, performed from 2016 to 2020 within the framework of radiation and hygienic monitoring at the stage of construction of the Belarusian NPP.
The Effect Of Dividend Policy, Company Growth, And Business Risk On Company Value With Capital Structure As Intervening Variable
Authors: Irawati Anggit Esti , Trisanti Theresia , Handayani Sulastri
Published: April 2021

This study aims to provide empirical evidence about the influence of dividend policy, growth company, and business risk to the company’s value with the capital structure as the mediating variable. The population of this study are manufacturing companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) for years 2012-2016. The sampling technique using purposive sampling method. Total sample according to criterionthat is 265 and the statistical tool used Partial Least Square (PLS) with WarpPLS 5.0. Independent variables of this study are dividend policy, growth company which proxied with sales growth, and business risk. Dependent variable of this study is company’s value proxied with Tobin’s Q, while the intervening variable of this study is capital structure. The result of this study proves that dividend policy gives the positive and significant effect to company’s value, growth company gives negative and not significant effect to company’s value, business risk gives positive effect and significant to company’s value. Growth company has no significant effect on company’s value if it is not mediated by the capital structure. Capital structure capable of mediating influence dividend policy, growth company, and business risk of company’s value.
ANALYSIS OF JANUARY EFFECT ON BIG STOCK COMPANIES AND SMALL STOCK COMPANIES AT INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE
Authors: Addinpujoartanto Nur Ariefin
Published: April 2021

January Effect is one of market anomaly where the stock returns in January are higher than other months. Some of causes the January Effect are the actions of investor who carry out tax-loss selling and windows dressing. In addition, investors have different views to choose stocks, based on market capitalization dan risk. This study is purposed to find the January Effect in the Indonesia Stock Exchange and January Effect on small company stock is stronger than large company stock. The data is normally distributed using the One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The test using the OLS method with dummy variable at five percent significance level. By using a sample of 30 large company stocks and 30 small company stocks based on market capitalization during period 2013-2017, the result of this study found a January Effect in the Indonesia Stock Exchange. But the January Effect doesn’t occur on small company stock, except on large company stock during that periode.
DETERMINANT FACTORS AFFECTING ON ACCURACY OF AUDITOR’S OPINION: MULTIGROUP ANALYSIS
Authors: Syahputra Briyan Efflin , Irawati Anggit Esti , Afnan Akhmad , Ceisari Btari Bunga
Published: April 2021

The increasing number of cases of manipulation of financial statements that often occur to date has made the public increasingly question the performance of the auditor profession. This is because, most cases of manipulation can occur due to the negligence of auditors who are unable to detect the fraud. So the opinion published is not correct, and then the information presented in the auditor's report becomes misleading. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research to determine the various factors that can increase the accuracy of auditor's opinion. This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the relationship between auditor competence, experience, and professional skepticism on accuracy of auditor's opinion. In addition, this research was also conducted to analyze the moderating effect of the gender variable on the respective relationship between auditor competence, experience, and professional skepticism on accuracy of auditor's opinion. This research was conducted using a quantitative approach with a survey method through distributing questionnaires to 142 auditors who work in public accounting firms in Yogyakarta, Solo and Semarang. This research was tested statistically using simultaneous equations assisted by the SmartPLS application. This research result has found that auditor competence, experience and professional skepticism gives positive influence on accuracy of auditor's opinion. In addition, gender has also been shown to have a positive effect on accuracy of auditor’s opinion as moderating variable.
The Effect of Depth Shading Device on Inner Space Illumination in Jakarta
Authors: Panghargiyo Murwantoro
Published: April 2021

This research tries to reveal the performance of shading devices towards quantity of natural lighting entering the room. Investigation concerning shading devices (ratio between the depth of shading devices and the height of fenestration) that suitable with illumination standard needs to be done. This research also tries to find out the influence of shading devices orientation on illuminance received by the room. This research examines the performance of three types external shading devices (eggcrate, overhang, sidefins) towards natural lighting entering the room. The analysis performed by Radiance IES software for illuminance performance entering the room. Maximum illuminance reduction for three types of shading device achieved to north direction in R1 reference point. While minimum reduction for overhang and sidefins achieved to south orientation in R2 reference point. Except for eggcrate minimum illuminance reduction achieved to west direction in R2 reference point. It can be concluded that in general the three basic models of shading device have a strong influence on the direction towards the north and have a small effect on the direction of the south. In addition to the three basic elements of the shading element, the type of eggcrate shading device has the greatest effect of reducing illumination compared to the other two types. While the sidefins type has the smallest illumination effect.
METHOD COMPARISON ANALYSIS SIMPLE ADDITIVE WEIGHTING (SAW) WITH WEIGHTED PRODUCT (WP) METHOD IN SUPPORTING THE DECISION TO ACCEPT NEW EMPLOYEES
Authors: Ramadhan Idham , Zaky Umar
Published: April 2021

Employee selection is the first step in a company or agency that aims to obtain qualified and competent human resources that will serve and do all the work on an instinct. The process of selection of prospective employees has two decisions that are accepted and rejected. When an agency or company is unable to determine the human resources that fit the required criteria, it will be very detrimental for an agency or company more than the number of prospective employees who register will be troublesome in terms of calculation and determining competent human resources and in accordance with the required criteria. In this case to minimize or solve the problem, the author designed and built a system to help the agencies, especially Gunung Jati Regional Hospital (RSD) in terms of the selection of new employee admissions. The development of this system by analyzing two methods, namely Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method with Weighted Product (WP) method with the specified criteria. These two methods will be compared to get a good method and relevant to be applied in the selection of new employees at Gunung Jati Hospital so that the human resources received really match the needs of the agency. Analysis is carried out using the accuracy of each method by referring to the original data owned by the institution. The result of saw method conformity or percentage level is 99.959996% with an accuracy value of 84% and wp method of 99.959992% with an accuracy value of 76%. Thus the SAW method is the most relevant method to solve the problem of receiving new employees.
Cybersickness Testing Of Gender And Experience Factors Using Virtual Reality
Authors: Ancella Hendrika  , Clara Theresia  , Thedy Yogasara
Published: April 2021

One of the technologies that people are starting to get interested in is virtual reality (VR). VR is widely used as a means of entertainment, even more so at this time, the e-sports industry is developing rapidly. However, the use of VR can cause cybersickness, a disease arising from sensory and perceptual mismatches between the visual and vestibular systems. The emergence of cybersickness can be related to gender and experience using VR. There have been studies on cybersickness, but the results obtained had not come to the same conclusion. This research aims to identify the effect of gender and experience using VR, predict the timing of cybersickness by using physiological measurements, and provide recommendations that can minimize cybersickness in activities using VR. The measuring instruments used are the galvanic skin response (GSR) and a simulator sickness questionnaire (SSQ). In this study, the influence test is conducted by using ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis to determine whether gender and experience using VR affect the potential for cybersickness. Based on the GSR measurement results, it found that gender and experiences of using VR do not affect a person's potential for cybersickness. From the result of SSQ measurement, gender does not affect the cybersickness, but the experience of using VR affected a person's potential for cybersickness. Qualitatively, cybersickness symptoms appear in the 15-20 minutes after the VR game has set in. Therefore, it is recommended to limit the usage of VR to less than 15 to 20 minutes per session.

Keywords: cybersickness, galvanic skin response (GSR), simulator sickness questionnaire (SSQ), virtual reality
Hybrid Method for Detecting Duplicate Image by Using Image Retrieval Technique in Data Mining
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Computer Application, Sri Ramakrishna College of  Arts and Science [Formerly SNR SONS College], Coimbatore-6, Tamilnadu, Thavamani Dr. S.
Published: April 2021

Duplicated images cause several problems in online sites, so these demand special attention. To address the disadvantages of frames copy detection, the Hybrid Method of Detecting Duplicate Image by Using Image Retrieval Technique in Data Mining was proposed. We use the new method of eliminating duplicates in this example. To address the disadvantages of frames copy detection, the Hybrid Method of Detecting Duplicate Image by Using Image Retrieval Technique in Data Mining was proposed. The new method of eliminating duplicates in this example has proposed. Using this method, you can get rid of frames that aren't relevant to the video. This makes for more precise and faster video retrieval with fewer duplicates. As a back end, this technique is implemented in C# and SQL. The findings are put to the test and compared to the current SIFT process. The results showed that the output improved accuracy while reducing storage space, computational time, and memory use.