bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factores asociados al hígado graso en una población pediátrica
Authors: Arregui María Cristina , Besga Andrea , González Teresita , Zubiri Cecilia , Garrido Verónica , Hernández Julieta , Fasano María Victoria
Published: September 2021

Introduction. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the leading cause of chronic liver disease in children with an increasing prevalence and incidence, that evolves with fat deposition in the liver and generates a negative impact on the health and quality of life of patients. Objective. To determine the presence of variables associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the pediatric population studied. Methods. Observational, cross-sectional study, in which overweight or obese patients aged from 18 months to 16 years were included, treated in the Gastroenterology and Nutrition services of a tertiary pediatric hospital, from September 2009 to February 2019. Two groups were included: 1) "With Fatty Liver": patients with increased liver echogenicity and 2) "Without fatty liver": patients with normal ultrasound study. Both groups were compared analyzing anthropometric, biochemical, perinatal and personal history variables. Results. 371 overweight or obese patients were included, showing that a history of prematurity and low birth weight were factors associated with fatty liver. Preterm newborns have 14 times more chances of fatty liver than term newborns [OR 14.08 95% CI (2.31- 577.54)]; while patients with low birth weight (< 2500 g) have three times the chances of having fatty liver [OR 3.38 95% CI (1.01; 17.77)]. Exclusive breastfeeding up to the sixth month reduced the chances of fatty liver [OR 0.29 95% CI (0.15-0.53)]. Physical examination showed that acanthosis nigricans in the neck and armpits, and increased abdominal circumference were more prevalent in the Fatty Liver group (p < 0.05) as well as, the altered biochemical variables of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, insulin (p < 0.05) and triglycerides (p = 0.0004). Conclusion: The search for variables associated with fatty liver is of vital importance in the early and timely diagnosis of this entity. The history of prematurity and low weight represent a risk factor, while exclusive breastfeeding up to the sixth month would prove to be a protective factor for the development of fatty liver. On physical examination, acanthosis nigricans and increased abdominal circumference were more common in the fatty liver group. Regarding the biochemical variables, the alteration of transaminases, insulin and triglycerides were significantly greater in the group with fatty liver.
Culturas, corpos e linguagens híbridas: perspectivas decoloniais vol.2
Authors:   Unicamp, Sobreira Ana Carla Barros , Lemes Fabiane
Published: September 2021

Esta segunda coletânea de artigos que compõe a serie Culturas, Corpos e Linguagens Híbridas, está constituída de textos na área de Linguística, Educação e Direito. E uma forma de contribuir para a construção de um pensamento multidisciplinar, despolarizar o poder, fazer com que a dinâmica de reflexões inclua novos sujeitos subalternos ou não, mas que sem duvida tenham sido silenciados por um poder colonizador. Visualizamos na seleção dos textos que constam neste segundo volume, o potencial de sujeitos transformadores, que oferecem ferramentas de superação e que acreditam em um mundo mais livre e igualitário.
Little Dorrit's “Wildernesses of Secrets”
Authors: Hennelly Mark M.
Published: September 2021

This article initially documents the variety of critical opinions on secrets in Dickens's novels and more specifically the multitude and diversity of secrets in Little Dorrit. It then generally discusses the nature and functions of secrets and their relevance to the novel before its major task: exploring the text's (often erotic) narrative, plot, family, and intimately personal secrets, especially those of Arthur Clennam and Amy Dorrit. And it finds that Amy alone practices the necessary discretion to know both when to keep and when to reveal and share secrets. In a concluding Epilogue, the article discusses Dickens's own secrets and the impact of both his fictional and biographical secrets on his readers.
Indecent Proposals: Plotting Marriage inOur Mutual FriendandThe Mystery of Edwin Drood
Authors: Bridgham Elizabeth
Published: September 2021

The abundance of problematic proposals in nineteenth-century British fiction suggests a breakdown in the already inequitable gendered social ritual of proposing and accepting marriage. Coercive proposals, in particular, disrupt the element of a woman's free choice that Victorians assumed to be critical to successfully performing this ritual. Using speech act theory as its analytical framework, this article examines how Charles Dickens, in Our Mutual Friend and The Mystery of Edwin Drood, presents two case studies of marriage proposals that are not merely coercive but are explicitly threatening. The threats that Bradley Headstone and John Jasper embed in their proposals can be read as invalidating the performative promises of the proposals themselves, as the act of promising suggests an effort to fulfill the wishes of the promisee, while the act of threatening suggests an effort to violate those wishes deliberately. This is more than a semantic distinction: because marriage proposals were and are such a significant part of Victorian life and the Victorian novel, their proper performance is a requirement of stability in the social order and the literary form. When the ritual of the proposal breaks down into threats, so too does the obligation of its recipient to respond according to conventional scripts, and the words and actions of Lizzie Hexam and Rosa Bud suggest that Dickens saw in such proposals opportunities for the expansion of women's agency at the extreme margins of the marriage plot.
Teoria de Jürgen Habermas aplicada na análise do direito
Authors: Barreto Junior Irineu Francisco , Vicola Nivaldo Sebastião , Kurauchi Ernesto Lyoma
Published: September 2021

Este artigo atualiza conceitos centrais de Jürgen Habermas, pensador da corrente teórica denominada Escola de Frankfurt, com o intuito de analisar sua aplicabilidade e alcance para a análise do Direito e da sociedade brasileira contemporânea. Para atingir esse objetivo, realiza uma revisão das teorias da ação comunicativa e da ética discursiva, elementos centrais da concepção habermasiana, que perpassam a Filosofia, a Sociologia e a Ciência Jurídica. O artigo considera essas três perspectivas indissolúveis e as contempla ao analisar atributos atuais do direito e da sociedade, a saber, formulação e vitalidade da democracia, esfera pública e validade da norma jurídica. Cabe ressaltar que a escola habermasiana é notoriamente conhecida pela sua complexidade, na medida que integra diferentes segmentos de pensamentos e teorias. Conclui que é pelo exercício da racionalidade que será possível construir conhecimento confiável e normas morais universais. O Direito como instrumento de mediação social, necessita ser legitimado e validado por vias discursivas, pautado nas racionalidades éticas e morais, princípios renovados pela ideologia da modernidade na perspectiva de Habermas
Eficácia dos preceitos constitucionais de desenvolvimento
Authors: Macena de Araújo Jailton
Published: September 2021

As formulações jurídicas realizadas pelo legislador constitucional para reger a seara socioeconômica conferem legitimidade às ações estatais para a promoção do desenvolvimento. Essas formulações jurídicas possibilitam a reflexão mais aprofundada acerca das políticas e ações que permitem a conformação da realidade às normas constitucionais que prescrevem o desenvolvimento como meio e objetivo a ser alcançado pela atuação do Estado. Nessa perspectiva, afirma-se a importância da compreensão dos princípios jurídicos, notadamente na esfera econômica da constituição, por se vislumbrar na aplicação das normas jurídicas a necessidade de sua adequação para orientar a ordem econômica a partir dos preceitos fundamentais adequados ao bem-estar da pessoa humana, de conformidade com os objetivos da Carta Constitucional de 1988, e assim, essa adequação passa a figurar como fator primordial à consecução dos objetivos da sociedade. Nessa esteira, adota-se através de uma abordagem teórico-hermenêutica o protagonismo do texto constitucional no sentido da realização dos direitos e garantias de cunho social e econômico, sempre tomando em consideração a realização da dignidade da pessoa humana e da justiça social.
cláusula escalonada o multinivel en la resolución alterna de conflictos
Authors: Robleto Arana Cristian Alberto
Published: September 2021

La cláusula escalonada o multinivel se caracteriza por establecer otros métodos alternos de resolución de conflicto previo al arbitraje que buscan una solución aceptada y pacífica. Son cada vez más utilizadas en los contratos internacionales y en el tráfico mercantil. Tienen su fundamento en el principio de autonomía privada de las partes y en la teoría contractualista cuyos efectos dependerá de su redacción como vinculante, obligando a las partes a cumplir con la etapa previa al arbitraje o de lo contrario su eficacia se vería afectada y podría ser inaplicable. En el caso de incumplimiento de lo establecido en la cláusula escalonada pudiera generar dos situaciones, una donde el tribunal arbitral decida continuar con el proceso arbitral por haberse cumplido los requisitos previstos en la cláusula y la segunda, que decida a través de un examen de su propia competencia o a través de un examen de admisibilidad y una tercera opción que consiste en la suspensión del proceso arbitral.
n. 43 - A IDENTIDADE DAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL NO BRASIL: ANÁLISE A PARTIR DO PROINFÂNCIA
Authors: Simões Patrícia Maria Uchôa , Barbosa Marcela Pires , Barbosa Mariana Uchôa Simões , Lima Juceli Bengert , Dos Santos Elaine Florencio Suane
Published: September 2021

No Brasil, o poder público municipal ainda é desafiado a oferecer o acesso ao atendimento educacional para todas as crianças pequenas com a ampliação de vagas, incorporando as dimensões do cuidado, saúde e alimentação. O presente artigo discute alguns estudos realizados sobre o Programa Nacional de Reestruturação e Aparelhagem da Rede Escolar de Educação Infantil (Proinfância), indicadores oficiais e alguns dados da implantação desse programa, no sentido de registrar essa experiência brasileira de inclusão de crianças pequenas no sistema educacional e diminuição das desigualdades históricas que marcaram a trajetória das políticas educacionais no Brasil. Além da crescente inclusão das crianças nessa etapa do ensino, as mudanças na legislação e nos documentos oficiais afirmam uma concepção de qualidade para a Educação Infantil que implica o respeito à criança como sujeito de direitos, portanto, direito a inclusão no sistema de ensino e a uma educação de qualidade. A análise dos dados de implantação do programa destaca a presença do Proinfância em todas as regiões do Brasil, em todos os estados e em mais de dois terços dos municípios. Como conclusão, o estudo aponta para a abrangência e o alcance do programa como fatores que revelam sua importância na constituição das políticas de Educação Infantil nas duas últimas décadas, no país.
n. 46 - A PRODUÇÃO ACADÊMICA STRICTO SENSU SOBRE OS PLANOS MUNICIPAIS DE EDUCAÇÃO 2015 - 2017: apontamentos bibliométricos
Authors: Alves Edson Ferreira
Published: September 2021

O processo de discussão e aprovação do Plano Nacional de Educação (PNE) 2014-2024 conferiu, de certa forma, centralidade a esse documento-lei na agenda pública o que influenciou também na produção acadêmica stricto sensu. Entre suas demandas, atribuiu aos municípios o papel de elaborarem seus Planos Municipais de Educação (PMEs). A partir desse marco legal, por meio de um estudo bibliométrico quali-quantitativo, objetivou-se apresentar e discutir o perfil das teses e dissertações que têm os PMEs como tema central, identificando de forma panorâmica as especificidades dessas produções. Ao todo foram localizados 35 trabalhos defendidos nos doutorados e mestrados, no recorte temporal de 2014 a 2017, que se vinculam ao debate acerca das políticas públicas com uma diversidade de subtemas explorados a partir dos PMEs. Há uma concentração maior de trabalhos nas regiões Sudeste e Sul e uma tendência de aumento no número de defesas a partir do ano de 2016. Mas, por considerar o Planejamento Educacional enquanto política de Estado e suas implicações para a agenda público-educacional, pode-se concluir que os PMEs ainda são um objeto pouco investigado.
Geology of the Liese Zone, Pogo Property, East-Central Alaska
Authors: SMITH MOIRA , THOMPSON JOHN F.H. , BRESSLER JASON , LAYER PAUL , MORTENSEN JAMES K. , ABE ICHIRO , TAKAOKA HIDETOSHI
Published: September 2021

The Liese zone is a recently discovered high-grade gold deposit on the Pogo claims, approximately 90 miles (145 km) southeast of Fairbanks. A conservative geologic resource for the Liese zone is 9.98 million tons at an average grade of 0.52 oz/t, for a total of 5.2 million contained ounces.

The region is underlain by highly deformed, amphibolite-grade paragneiss and minor orthogneiss of the Late Proterozoic(?) to middle Paleozoic Yukon-Tanana terrane, which has been intruded by Cretaceous felsic granitoid bodies thought to be related to gold mineralization in the Fairbanks area and elsewhere along the Tintina gold belt.

The Liese zone is hosted primarily in gneiss, and lies approximately 1.5 km south of the southern margin of the Late Cretaceous Goodpaster batholith. Mineralization occurs in three or more tabular, gently dipping quartz bodies, designated L1 (uppermost), L2, and L3 (lowermost). The thickness of the quartz bodies ranges from 1 to 20 m, averaging approximately 7 m. The quartz contains approximately 3 percent ore minerals, including pyrite, pyrrhotite, loellingite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, bismuthinite, various Ag-Pb-Bi ± S minerals, maldonite, native bismuth, and native gold. Early biotite and later quartz-sericite-stockwork and sericite-dolomite alteration are spatially associated with the Liese zone, which shows characteristics of both vein and replacement styles of mineralization. Geochemical data indicate a strong correlation between gold and bismuth, and weaker correlations between gold, silver, and arsenic. Based on U-Pb dating of intrusive rocks, the Liese zone was formed between 107 and 94.5 m.y. ago, although 40Ar/39Ar cooling ages on alteration minerals return younger ages of 91 Ma, suggesting a protracted or multiphase thermal history. The Liese zone may represent a deep-seated manifestation of the "intrusion-related" gold deposit type.
Caldono, territorio para la paz. Tensiones en el primer año de implementación del acuerdo final en los resguardos indígenas que acogieron excombatientes de las FARC
Authors: Erazo Gómez Alejandra , Espitia Perez Luisa
Published: September 2021

El artículo presenta un análisis sobre las tensiones surgidas en el municipio de Caldono (Cauca) durante el primer año de implementación del acuerdo entre el Gobierno nacional y las FARC-EP. Este municipio tiene la particularidad de ser el único donde se estableció una Zona Veredal Transitoria de Normalización en territorio étnico, en las jurisdicciones de los resguardos indígenas de Pueblo Nuevo y San Lorenzo de Caldono. Las tensiones identificadas por el Instituto de Estudios Interculturales de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Cali en ambos resguardos están relacionadas con el territorio, la dinámica económica y los procesos de reincorporación de excombatientes de las FARC-EP en el municipio. Su identificación genera reflexiones importantes para el proceso de implementación del acuerdo.

 

Caldono, Peace Territory. Tensions in the Indigenous Reservations Hosting former FARC members during the First Year of Implementation of the Final Agreement

Abstract:  The article presents an analysis of the tensions that arose in the municipality of Caldono (Cauca, Colombia) during the first year of implementation of the Peace Agreement between the national government and the FARC-EP guerrilla. This municipality is the only one in Colombia where a Transitory Normalization Zone was established in ethnic territory, property of two indigenous reserves: Pueblo Nuevo and San Lorenzo of Caldono. The tensions, identified by the Institute of Intercultural Studies, are associated to land property, economic issues and the reincorporation process into civilian lives of farc-ep ex-combatants in the municipality. The identification of the aforementioned tensions enables important insights for the ongoing implementation process of the Peace Agreement in Colombia.

Keywords: FARC-EP; reincorporation process; indigenous reserves; social tensions associated to land.
Una aproximación a territorios en situación de conflicto armado: perspectivas desde la Economía Solidaria con un enfoque triangulado en dos municipios del Cauca (Colombia)
Authors: Solís Montenegro Malen Yudeli , Ibarra Bermúdez Miguel Andrés , Salazar Villano Fabián Enrique
Published: September 2021

El auge de los procesos de negociación en Colombia entre el Gobierno y grupos insurgentes ha generado un amplio panorama tanto de investigación académica como de acción pública, que conlleva a la reflexión sobre las condiciones necesarias para la construcción de paz territorial en las zonas rurales del país. En tal dirección, en este documento se propone una lectura del conflicto armado desde los fundamentos y prácticas de la Economía Solidaria, y la utilización de una metodología triangulada o mixta, que incorpore las voces de los actores locales con el fin de identificar iniciativas sociales construidas de “Abajo-hacia-Arriba”, para así configurar nuevas agendas temáticas en zonas rurales como las del departamento del Cauca en Colombia, tal como se realiza aquí para dos municipios de referencia.
 
An approach to territories with armed conflict condition: perspectives since Solidarity Economics and triangulated approach in two municipalities of Cauca (Colombia)
Abstract: The height of negotiation processes in Colombia between the Government and insurgent groups has generated a broad outlook for academic research as well as public intervention, which lead to reflect on the needed conditions for territorial peace construction in the rural areas of the country. In this regard, the document proposes an interpretation for the armed conflict since the foundations and practices of Solidarity Economics. In addition, a triangulated methodology is applied (that incorporates voices of local actors in order to identify “Bottom-up” social initiatives), in order to set up new thematic agendas in rural areas such as those of the department of Cauca in Colombia, in the way as it is done here for two reference municipalities.
Keywords: Armed Conflict, Solidarity Economics, Territory, Rural Sector.
Etnoeducación para la autonomía: reflexión político-pedagógica sobre un proceso de formación con comunidades negras en el Cauca
Authors: Solarte Bolaños Ana María , Rentería Agustín
Published: September 2021

Este artículo expone la caracterización de una experiencia de formación política y describe los componentes centrales de dicho proceso desde el punto de vista del contexto geográfico cultural y político, ejes temáticos, metodología y herramientas para el hacer y la transformación. El campo y lugar de ubicación fue el norte del Cauca y sur del Valle del Cauca, una región cultural compuesta por población afrocolombiana interesada en la defensa del territorio. También se construyó una reflexión político pedagógica que mostró los elementos del proceso de fortalecimiento y que giraron en torno a la autonomía territorial, a la discusión de una ruta de vida o un plan de vida como herramienta fundamental para construir un proyecto organizativo, comunitario y político autónomo, acorde a las necesidades particulares y regionales y su relación con los temas del etnodesarrollo y la pedagogía crítica.

Abstract: This articles characterizes a training experience and describes its core components, as for its cultural and geographical context, topic axes, methodology, and tools to make and transform.

Its application field was northern Cauca Department and southern Valle del Cauca Department in Colombia, which is a cultural region inhabited by Afro-Colombian people concerned about their territory and eager to defend it. This article also does some political and pedagogical reflection on the topic and shows the elements of a strengthening process carried out around territorial autonomy, discussion and planning of a way to construct an organizational, communal and politically autonomous project appropriate to particular and regional needs, and its connection to ethnodevelopment and critical pedagogy.

Keywords: afrocolombians, territorial autonomy, ethnoeducation, critical pedagogy, ethnodevelopment.
The “New Generation” High-tech Enterprise's Early Warning Model and Its Empirical Research Based on the Perspective of Organizational Commitment Theory
Authors: Bu Huabai , Bu Jiaqi , Shi Naifu , OuYang Lingli , Wang Jingyi
Published: September 2021

With the continuous advancement of emerging technologies such as big data, cloud computing, Internet of Things, blockchain, artificial intelligence, and 5G communications, China's “new generation” high-tech companies are developing rapidly, but the loss of core employees restricts their healthy development. How to manage the core employees of “new generation” high-tech enterprises is a grim reality in front of theorists and industrialists. Based on the results of the current theoretical research on organizational commitment, the research group proposed a “new generation” high-tech enterprise core employee resignation early warning model to provide decision-making basis and methodological reference for the “new generation” high-tech enterprise high-quality development.
QualiOSM: An Architecture to Improve Data Completeness on OpenStreetMap
Authors: B. de Medeiros Gabriel F. , C. Degrossi Lívia , Holanda Maristela
Published: September 2021

OpenStreetMap (OSM) is a large spatial database in which geographic information is voluntarily contributed by thousands of users. In Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and more specifically, in Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI), as in the case of OSM, the issue of data completeness is a constant concern, since users without technical knowledge actively participate in the processes of including, editing and excluding data. Also in thecase of OSM, users can add information to the objects assigning special labels for them. These labels are popularly called tags, and the process of assigning them to objects contributes to improving the attribute completeness, an important metric of data quality. In this context, this article proposes the QualiOSM architecture, which generates an automatic tag adder with the purpose of improving the completeness of address information for OSM objects in Brazil, using the reverse geocoding tools Nominatim, CEP Aberto and the database from Correios. The QualiOSM architecture showed good results for improving the completeness of city, neighborhood and street information in OSM objects, especially in scenarios of large urban centers, where the level of mapping is usually better compared to scenarios in rural or peripheral environments.
Zur Frage der doktrinellen Auslegung des Artikels 61 Pkt. 3 der Verfassung der Republik Kasachstan
Authors: Abdrasulov Ermek B.
Published: September 2021

This article examines the issues of differentiation of legislative and subordinate regulation of public relations. It is noted that in the process of law-making activities, including the legislative process, practical questions often arise about the competence of various state bodies to establish various legal norms and rules. These issues are related to the need to establish a clear legal meaning of the constitutional norms devoted to the definition of the subject of regulation of laws. In particular, there is a need to clarify the provisions of paragraph 3 of Article 61 of the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan in terms of the concepts "the most important public relations", "all other relations", "subsidiary legislation", as well as to establish the relationship between these concepts. Interpretation is also required by the provisions of p. 4 of Article 61 of the Constitution in terms of clarifying the question of whether the conclusion follows from mentioned provisions that all possible social relations in the Republic of Kazakhstan are subject to legal regulation, including those that are subject to other social and technical regulators (morality, national, business and professional traditions and customs, religion, standards, technical regulations, etc.). Answering the questions raised, the author emphasizes that the law and bylaws, as a rule, constitute a single system of legislation, performing the functions of primary and secondary acts. However, the secondary nature of subsidiary legislation does not mean that they regulate "unimportant" public relations. The law is essentially aimed at regulating all important social relations.
Culpa in Contrahendo as the General Ground for Precontractual Liability in Polish Civil Code
Authors: Kocot Wojciech J.
Published: September 2021

The justified and legally relevant relationship between contracting partners acting together in order to conclude a contract along with a comprehensive system of precontractual liability have been recognized in Poland at least since the enter into force of the Code of Obligations in 1933. Nevertheless until 2003 there wasn’t any specific legislative enactment of general duty of fair dealing in the precontractual stage. This article sheds light on the legal concept of culpa in contrahendo, with particular emphasis on questions of tort, contract or tertium genus, the objective character of precontractual liability, the scope of protected precontractual interest, and the adequate causal link and the moment of breaking off negotiations. The article concludes with an overview of the perspectives of culpa in contrahendo in the new Civil Code in Poland.
Are Crypto-Assets Green Enough? – An analysis of draft EU Regulation on markets in crypto assets from the perspective of the European Green Deal
Authors: Wanat Emanuel
Published: September 2021

In 2019 European Commission announced “The European Green Deal” a “a new growth strategy that aims to transform the EU into a fair and prosperous society, with a modern, resource-efficient and competitive economy where there are no net emissions of greenhouse gases in 2050 and where economic growth is decoupled from resource use”. The digital sector must also participate in the Green Deal effort. This articles analyzes questions of sustainability in the context of crypto assets, with particular emphasis on the question of whether Bitcon acutally represent a crypto asset, energy consumption, energy drain, the proof-of-work consensus protocol, the environmental footprint of crypto assets. The article concludes that Bitcoin’s current effect on environment remains controversial at best.
Community Money COMMON. The Alternative to Universal Basic Income
Authors: Herrmann-Pillath Carsten , Bannas Stephan
Published: September 2021

The paper outlines the institutional innovation of ›Community Money‹ COMMON, a securitized claim on a monthly income transfer that can also be used as a tax allowance in an up to 100 percent inheritance tax. It can be accumulated on a special citizens’ account and is a substitute for all other kinds of public income transfers such as pensions and unemployment benefits. COMMON can also be voluntarily earned in community work. COMMON liberates citizens from the compulsory participation in the capitalist market economy.
Telefonmediation als Massen- und Schnellverfahren im ADR-Bereich
Authors: Santo Brigitte
Published: September 2021

Telefonmediation als Massen-­ und Schnellverfahren im ADR­-Bereich be­ zeichnet eine von Rechtsschutzversicherungen angebotene Dienstleistung im Rahmen der außergerichtlichen Konflikt­lösung. Diese Form der Konfliktvermitt­lung hat einen eigenen Verfahrenspro zess und findet am Telefon zwischen den Konfliktparteien im Shuttle­-Verfah­ren durch einen Mediator statt. Nahezu alle Rechtsschutzversicherer mit ihren mehr als 20 Millionen Versicherten ha­ben mittlerweile Mediation in ihrem Angebot, sowohl Telefon­ als auch Präsenzmediation, was in Fachkreisen nicht nur auf Zustimmung stößt. Die Autorin beleuchtet in diesem Artikel den Cha­rakter der Telefonmediation als Leistung der Rechtsschutzversicherungen von verschiedenen Seiten und nimmt einen Versuch der Einordnung des Verfahrens in dem Kontext von Mediation und Me­diationsgesetz vor.
Cerebral Damage after Stroke: The Role of Neuroplasticity as Key for Recovery
Authors: Muhammad Mubarak , Muhammad Hassan Tasneem
Published: September 2021

Stroke remains global health care problem that constitutes world’s second-leading perpetrator of mortality and third most pronounced cause of all disabilities. The hallmark of cerebral stroke is the persistent loss of cerebral function consequence of abnormality of the blood supply. The ultimate goal of stroke care is to recover and maximize the cerebral functions lost due to the cerebral damage. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of cerebral damage after stroke is fundamental to comprehension of mechanisms of recovery following stroke, as well as key towards eliminating devastating human disability as a result of stroke. Therapeutic strategies aim to harness and enhance neuroplasticity offers reasonable level of hope towards maximizing recovery from post stroke impairments. This paper therefore, highlighted the mechanism of cerebral damage after stroke as well as elucidates the concept of neuroplasticity as key for recovery following stroke.
Silicon-Silver Dendritic Nanostructures Enabled Photoelectrochemical Solar Water Splitting for Energy Applications
Authors: Dadwal Uday , Singh Rajendra
Published: September 2021

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) splitting of natural water was studied using silicon nanowires decorated with silver dendrites (dendritic nanostructures) as working electrode. A metal assisted wet chemical etching method has been used for the synthesis of dendritic heteronanostructures. Measured photocurrent density 1.7 mA/cm2 under white light illumination exhibits the efficient decomposition of natural water. The decomposition of water is primarily ascribed to the enhancement in the working electrode surface and water effective interface and the decrease in the recombination of light induced (photoexcited) carriers in the existence of silver dendritic nanostructures. Enhancement in photoinduced charge carriers separation caused due to the existence of Schottky barrier between the silicon and silver dendritic nanostructures. The light induced carriers (holes) in silicon are transferred to the metal (Ag) dendritic nanostructures that work as a charge basin to effectively carry out the oxidation reaction of water during PEC measurement. The solar-to-hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiency of about 4.5% was reported, indicating the efficient PEC solar water (pH 7) splitting. A cost-effective and efficient method for the PEC solar water splitting is presented in order to enhance the STH efficiency for the production of clean and renewable fuel.
Evolvulus alsinoides(Linn.) Linn.: A Revitalizer
Authors: Kuppusamy R Harshavardhini , Srinivasan Jananipriya , Sundaramoorthy Pavithra , Kilavan Packiam Kannan
Published: September 2021

Herbal medicines are utilized as traditional and alternative therapy to precisely restore declining metabolic functions. Herbal bioactive claims its rewards for their effectiveness, safety, and acceptability. Evolvulus alsinoides (Linn.) Linn. is a Virya herb from Convolvulaceae with Tridoshhara, Majjadhatu Rasayan, Vajikarak, Chedan, and Nidrajanan properties. In Ayurvedic medicine, the whole plant is used in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases as brain tonic, amnesia and asthma, epilepsy and as a hepatoprotective. The phytochemical analysis has reported the existence of biomolecules such as β-sitosterol, scopolin, scopoletin, umbelliferon, triacontane, shankpushpine and betaine. A thorough review of classical as well as contemporary literature study has been done on Evolvulus alsinoides (Linn.) Linn. to validate the pharmacological actions and cytotoxicity effects on various cell lines.
Interaction Protocols for Multi-Robot Systems in Industry 4.0
Authors: Moreira M. de Araujo Edi , Loureiro da Costa Augusto , R.G. Ramirez Alejandro
Published: September 2021

In this chapter, the main methods of communication among multi-robot systems involved in Machine-to-Machine (M2M) applications, especially with regard the communication, reliability, stability and security among these robots, presenting various concepts through papers already published. A comparative study was carried out between two communication protocols applied in M2M technologies, the Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT) developed by IBM along with Eurotech and the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP). A study and survey of the characteristics of each of the protocols was carried out, as well as the method of operation of each of them and how both can be used in applications involving multiple robots. It was concluded that both protocols are considered ideal for use in in applications involving multi-robot systems. However, although the two protocols have been designed for application in environments with limited communication, the MQTT exchange protocol has advantages over CoAP, as a lower ovehead between message exchanges.
Design, Simulation and Analysis of the Propulsion and Control System for an Electric Vehicle
Authors: Tahir Guneser Muhammet , Ayad Alkhafaji Mohammed , Seker Cihat
Published: September 2021

The problems of global warming, a decrease of the available natural resources and many other problems in the world that happen recently become the major cause for increasing the demand for a new type of vehicle. That vehicle can be an environmental friend and so that a new generation of vehicles has been invented and tried to solve and avoid many problems. In this chapter, the proposed system is called the Multi-Converter/Multi-Machine system (MCMMS) which consists of two Synchronous Reluctance Motor (SynRM) that drive the two rear wheels of Pure Electric Vehicle (PEV). The SynRM speed and torque are controlled by using three different strategies of the PID controller. The PSO algorithm has been used as an optimization technique to find the optimal PID parameter to enhance the drive system performance of the PEV. In this system, the space vector pulse width modulation inverter for voltage source (VS-SVPWMI) has been employed to convert the DC battery voltage to three-phase AC voltage that feeds the SynRM motor in the PEV. The linear speed of the vehicle is controlled by an Electronic Differential Controller (EDC) which gives the reference speed for each driving wheel which depends on the driver reference speed and the steering angle. The specified driving route topology with three different road cases has been applied to acting and show the resistive forces that affected on the PEV during its moving on the road. In addition, to test the efficiency and stability of the PEV on the roads. Hence, this chapter has a full design, simulation and several comparison results for the propulsion electric vehicle system and it has tested implemented in the Matlab/Simulink environment version R2020a.
VTE Prophylaxis in Cesarean Section
Authors: José Amédeé Péret Frederico , Braga de Paula Liv
Published: September 2021

Venous thromboembolism (VT is a major cause of maternal mortality and severe morbidity. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods of prophylaxis are therefore often used for women considered to be a risk including women who have given birth by cesarean section. The risk is potentially increased in women with a personal or family history of VTE, women with genetic or acquired thrombophilia, and another risk factors like sickle cell disease, inflammatory bowel disease, active cancer, obesity, preeclampsia·and SARS COVID 19 infection. However, a specific score in obstetrics has not yet been well defined. Recommendations from major society guidelines for post-cesarean section (C/S) thromboprophylaxis differ greatly; the safety and efficacy of drug prophylaxis - mainly low molecular weight heparins - has been demonstrated, but large scale randomized trials of currently-used interventions should be conducted. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the indications and contraindications for VTE prophylaxis in cesarean sections, prophylaxis regimens and potential adverse events.
Psychosocial Effects and Public Health Challenges of COVID-19 Pandemic in India
Authors: Das Shankar , Richards Julie
Published: September 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic is an ongoing global crisis that poses enormous and multifarious challenges to humanity since the end of 2019. The pandemic has severely devastated public health systems and universally affected socio-economic development. India is among the worst-hit nations owing to its massive population of 1.35 billion, and more significant socio-economic challenges than most other countries. Despite the current issues and challenges surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, India has been making targeted efforts towards the fight against the spread of coronavirus, including medical, treatment, vaccination, community prevention and control strategies. The chapter examines the implications of the pandemic on Indian population which have certain unique challenges than other parts of the world. It delves on the gradual progression of the challenges among people especially the vulnerable and the disadvantaged in the existing public health systems. This chapter encompasses a wide array of human suffering and efforts for its mitigation. It highlights and brings to forefront the unique experiences of diverse populations who have faced a crisis within a crisis and its psychosocial ramifications, as well as the psychosocial adversities and public health challenges.
COVID-19, Telehealth and Access to Care
Authors: M. Lepkowsky Charles
Published: September 2021

Telehealth has become increasingly prominent during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting limitations in access to care for older adults less fluent in information technology (IT). Although the 20 percent disparity in IT use between younger and older adult cohorts remains unchanged over several decades, insurers, institutional and independent providers of health care have made increasing use of IT for patient communication. Data demonstrate an age-related decline in the frequency of IT use for accessing health care. Restrictions on reimbursement for the use of the telephone for accessing health care during the COVID-19 pandemic are discussed as a barrier to access to care. Recommendations are made for assessment of media most available to older adults for accessing health care, as well as providing funding to support increased access to care.
Effect of Environmental Aging on Tensile Properties of Post-Consumer Recycled (PCR) Polycarbonates
Authors: Islam Rashed , Zameer Syed , Laiz Jacki , Chen David , Yu Anthony , Chakravartula Ayyana
Published: September 2021

In this chapter, tensile properties of different grades of post-consumer recycled (PCR) polycarbonate (PC) plastics have been compared with conventional or virgin PC before and after different aging conditions. 50 and 75% recycled PCs showed comparable yield strength (∼57 MPa), maximum tensile strength (∼70 MPa) and maximum strain (∼190–200%) before aging, when compared to virgin PC of same melt flow rate (MFR of ∼10 g/10 min). From the fractography analysis (optical and scanning electron microscopy) of the both virgin and 50% recycled PC, it is evident that the fracture morphologies are very similar and they are indicative of ductile failure. It is observed that with the presence of temperature and humidity (60°C 90% RH) aging, tensile strength starts to drop over time but most importantly both 50% and 75% PCR grades showed similar aging behavior compared to virgin PC (10–13% strength degradation after 500 hours of aging). Reliability modelling showed comparable B10, Weibull Alpha and Weibull Beta values between Virgin PC and PCR grades after different aging conditions. Fractography analysis of fresh and aged 75% PCR also showed ductile features.
Biomechanics of the Canine Elbow Joint
Authors: Rohwedder Thomas
Published: September 2021

The canine elbow joint is a complex joint, whose musculoskeletal anatomy is well investigated. During the last 30 years kinematic analysis has gained importance in veterinary research and kinematics of the healthy and medial coronoid disease affected canine elbow joint are progressively investigated. Video-kinematographic analysis represents the most commonly used technique and multiple studies have investigated the range of motion, angular velocity, duration of swing and stance phase, stride length and other kinematic parameters, mostly in the sagittal plane only. However, this technique is more error-prone and data gained by video-kinematography represent the kinematics of the whole limb including the soft tissue envelope. A more precise evaluation of the in vivo bone and joint movement can only been achieved using fluoroscopic kinematography. Based on recent studies significant differences in the motion pattern between healthy joints and elbows with medial coronoid disease could be detected. Thereby not only adaptive changes, caused by pain and lameness, could be described, but primary changes in the micromotion of the joint forming bones could be found, which potentially represent new factors in the pathogenesis of medial coronoid disease. This chapter gives a review of current literature on elbow joint kinematics, with particular focus onto pathologic biomechanics in dysplastic canine elbows.
Soil Biodiversity as a Key Sponsor of Regenerative Agriculture
Authors: Aytenew Mulugeta
Published: September 2021

Increasing knowledge and literacy around soil biodiversity is essential to discover and implement biological solutions for the discouraging challenges people face in agriculture and human wellbeing. Therefore, this review was done to get an insight into the awareness and understanding of the contribution of soil biodiversity to regenerative agriculture. The review was done by referring to the latest different research findings; reports, working guidelines, as well as knowledge shared from different soil biodiversity conferences and webinar discussion points. The review disclosed that to meet the increasing demand for food for the ever-increasing global population and the 2030 sustainable development goals, regenerating the already degraded lands through regenerative agriculture principles and practices is vitally important. The findings and report documents showed that soil biodiversity facilitates the regenerative agriculture system as soil organisms are using as soil health improvement machines, a remediates for soil and water pollution, a fertilizer, pesticide, as a means of carbon sink, and used in the pharmaceutical industry to discover new drugs and vaccines for animal and human health. Moreover, the meta-analysis publicized that the consideration and use of soil biodiversity in the regenerative agriculture system have promising results although little is known about the role of those soil organisms in the ecosystem due to the presence of knowledge gap and complexity of relationships in the soil system. Therefore, furthermore, attention should be given to the discoveries of soil biodiversity to use them as a natured based solution for regenerative agriculture in the 21st century and to meet the 2030 sustainable development goals.
The Effect of Implant Surface Design and Their Decontamination Methods in Peri-Implantitis Treatment
Authors: Rakašević Dragana , Gabrić Dragana
Published: September 2021

Different titanium implant surfaces are prone to microbial colonization and dental plaque accumulation contributing to peri-implantitis pathogens adherence and growth. In conjunction with systemic, local, and implant-based factors such as micro- and macro-designs, implant location, and region, these pathogens can cause a complex inflammatory response resulting in peri-implantitis and deleterious bone loss. Implant surface decontamination plays a crucial and important step in peri-implantitis therapy. The primary goal of implant surface decontamination is to eradicate bacteria and their products outside of implant pits and grooves reducing inflammation and promoting tissue regeneration and/or reparation. Various implant surface decontamination methods such as mechanical, chemical or physical methods have been proposed to prevent bacterial resistance development or/and surface damage. The chapter aimed to assess if implant microdesign could influence the decontamination method choice.
Classification of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Machine Learning
Authors: Kalinathan Lekshmi , Sivasankaran Deepika , Reshma Jeyasingh Janet , Sennappa Sudharsan Amritha , Marimuthu Hareni
Published: September 2021

Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) proves to be challenging for detection and classification of its stages mainly due to the lack of disparity between cancerous and non cancerous cells. This work focuses on detecting hepatic cancer stages from histopathology data using machine learning techniques. It aims to develop a prototype which helps the pathologists to deliver a report in a quick manner and detect the stage of the cancer cell. Hence we propose a system to identify and classify HCC based on the features obtained by deep learning using pre-trained models such as VGG-16, ResNet-50, DenseNet-121, InceptionV3, InceptionResNet50 and Xception followed by machine learning using support vector machine (SVM) to learn from these features. The accuracy obtained using the system comprised of DenseNet-121 for feature extraction and SVM for classification gives 82% accuracy.
Molecular Sonography: Current and Future Applications
Authors: Fleischer Arthur , Chennupati Sai
Published: September 2021

This communication provides an overview of the current and future applications of molecular sonography, emphasizing the principles of the technique. Molecular sonography is currently used for preclinical assessment of tumor detection and response in a variety of models. It has potential clinical applications in improved characterization of tumors based on their genomes. Clinical trials have been conducted for a variety of neoplastic, inflammatory and immunologic abnormalities.