bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis in Horses and Donkeys in Muş Province of Turkey
Authors: Kirbas Akin
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis in equidae in the province of Muş, Turkey. The study material consisted of 210 equidae including 159 horses and 51 donkeys in Mus province. In serum samples, anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies and titers were detected using Sabin Feldman Dye Test (SFDT). Seropositivity was found in 115 (54.76 %) of the 210 equidae tested in the study. The rate of seropositivity in donkeys (92.16%) was higher than the rate in horses (42.77%), and statistical significance was observed (P<0.001). T. gondii antibody was detected in 68 (42.77%) of the horse sera examined by SFDT. When T. gondii seropositivity was evaluated according to gender, it was found to be 47.92% in females and 32.92% in males. No statistical difference was observed between the gender groups (P> 0.05). When T. gondii seropositivity was evaluated according to age, seropositivity rate in the equidae older than 10 years was found to be higher as 46.67%, but no statistical significance was observed among the age groups. T. gondii antibody was detected in 47 (92.16%) of donkey sera examined by SFDT. When T. gondii seropositivity was evaluated according to gender, the rate of seropositivity was found to be 89.47% in females and 93.75% in males. No statistical significance was observed between the gender groups (P>0.05). When T. gondii seropositivity was evaluated according to age, the seropositivity rate in those older than 10 years was found to be higher as 96.30%, but  no statistical significance was observed among the age groups (P>0.05). As a result of scanning the equidea in Muş province by SFDT, seropositivity rate was found as 42.77% in horses and 92.16% in donkeys.Keywords: Donkey, Horse, SFDT, Toxoplasma gondii, Toxoplasmosis
Effects of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol supplementation on breast meat quality and histomorphometric characteristics in broiler chickens
Authors: Tüzün Ahmet Engin
Published: June 2022

This experiment was carried out to elucidate the influences of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol status in the diet and gender of the chicken on the sensory and histomorphometric characteristics in breast muscle (Pectoralis major) of broilers. The experiment was a randomized design consisting 2×2 factorial arrangement with 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (3000 and 5000 IU kg/diet) and two gender. Breast weight was not affected by dietary 25-hydroxycholecalciferolstatus and gender of the bird. Cooking loss decreased in females but not in male chickens with additionally 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol supplementation. However, increasing 25-hydroxycholecalciferol level in the diet reduced drip loss in male chickens but no change was observed in females ones. A significant increase in breast meat pH24 was observed with increasing dietary level of 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol; however, squeezable water ratio, lightness (L*), redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) values were comparable in the groups. The histomorphometric characteristics of chicken breast meat throughout the growth period, except for the cross sectional area and number of fibers, were interactively influenced by 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and gender of the bird. In conclusion, an improvement of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol status could be a practical tool to increase chicken breast meat quality with beneficial effects on water holding capacity.
Detection of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in neotropical primates from São Paulo state, Brazil
Authors: DE MOURA H , ADANIA CH , SOARES HS , SILVA JCR , GENNARI SM , CARDOSO L , LOPES AP
Published: June 2022

Toxoplasmosis is a life-threatening disease in neotropical primates. The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in neotropical primates from São Paulo state (SP), Brazil. The modified agglutination test (MAT, cut-off: 25) was used in 49 neotropical primates upon or after their admission to Associação Mata Ciliar (Jundiaí, SP, Brazil). Eight of the 49 animals (16.3%) were seropositive. The genus Sapajus had the highest antibody titer (12,800), followed by the genus Callithrix (3,200). No association (p> 0.05) was found between seroprevalence and genera (Alouatta, Callicebus, Callithrix, and Sapajus), sex or age. The three positive primates of the genera Allouataand the one of the genera Callithrix died, whereas the two seropositive Sapajus were alive. Further studies on the epidemiology of T. gondii infection are necessary in a larger sample size of captive and wild neotropical primates.
The influence of Prussian and German constitutional solutions on the development of modern state audits in Poland
Authors: Serowaniec Maciej
Published: June 2022

As a result of significant changes to political, social and economic realities in the aftermath of World War I, numerous European countries either introduced a state-audit system or reorganized the existing one. For many states, especially in Central-Eastern Europe, foundations for the development of a modern state-audit system was provided by Prussian and German constitutional and administrative solutions. This article aims to answer a question of an extent to which Polish legislation has borrowed from and been inspired by Prussian and German solutions to create Polish modern state-audit system. The motivation to research modern Polish state-audit authorities’ origin story came from the characteristic emphases found in existing research. On the one hand, there are many publications concerning legal and constitutional status of the highest organs of the state-audit system in the interwar period. On the other hand, the problem of the influence of German solutions on the legal status and functioning of the Supreme Audit Office (Najwyższa Izba Kontroli) has not undergone so far more extensive comparative studies.
Germanizacja i nazyfikacja nazw topograficznych Torunia dokonana przez niemieckie władze okupacyjne w 1939 roku
Authors: Deczyński Włodzimierz Ignacy
Published: June 2022

W artykule omówiona została problematyka germanizacji i nazyfikacji społecznej przestrzeni Torunia od dnia wkroczenia do miasta sił wojskowych hitlerowskiej III Rzeszy. Proces przemianowania nazw ulic, placów, dzielnic został opisany w oparciu o dokumenty zachowane w Archiwum Państwowym w Toruniu, liczne artykuły prasowe zamieszczone w dzienniku „Thorner Freiheit”, wytyczne i zarządzenia okupacyjnej władzy, mapy i plany miasta, które poddane zostały analizie historycznej. Niniejszy artykuł może się stać przyczynkiem do dalszych badań nad tematyką nazewnictwa ulic, placów i dzielnic Torunia.
Analysis of leadership quality and communication ability towards teacher performance
Authors: Kuswati Eni , Sayuti Muhammad , Kuat Tri
Published: June 2022

Many factors can make teacher performance more optimal, for example, the leadership quality and communication skills of the school principal. This article aims to: (1) describe the leadership quality of the principal of the Muhammadiyah Oil and Gas Vocational School in Cilacap; (2) describes the communication skills of the head of the Muhammadiyah Migas Vocational School Cilacap; (3) describe the performance of SMK Muhammadiyah Migas Cilacap vocational teachers; (4) determine the influence of the quality of school principal leadership on the performance of SMK Muhammadiyah Migas Cilacap teachers; (5) find out the influence of school principals' communication skills on the performance of Cilacap Vocational High School Muhammadiyah teachers; and (6) find out the influence of leadership quality and communication skills of principals on the performance of SMK Muhammadiyah Migas Cilacap teachers. This research is a quantitative study using descriptive analysis and multiple regression analysis. The population in this study were 33 teachers in Muhammadiyah Migas Vocational School Cilacap. Data collection techniques used a closed questionnaire method. Descriptive analysis results show that: (1) The quality of the principal's leadership can be classified in good categories, (2) The communication skills of the principal can be classified in either category; and (3) Teacher performance is included in the classification of good categories. Furthermore, the results of the regression analysis showed that: (1) there was a positive influence on the quality of the principal's leadership on the teachers’ performance; (2) there is a positive influence of communication skills on the performance of teachers; (3) and there is a positive influence on the quality of the principals' leadership and communication skills together on the performance of the teachers.
Describing remote learning at Neutron Yogyakarta tutoring institution
Authors: Maretha Dinda Genius Anggun , Mahmudah Faisa Nirbita , Ahlam Muhammad Naufal Husni , Putra Rofiif Mahardhika , Nurnugroho Burhanudin Arif
Published: June 2022

This study aims to describe the activities of remote learning at the tutoring institution (Lembimjar) Neutron Yogyakarta. This research was conducted at the head office of Lembimjar Neutron Yogyakarta using descriptive qualitative research methods. The subjects in the study were staff and teachers who were involved in remote learning. Data collection techniques through direct observation and unstructured interviews. The implementation of remote learning is carried out by collaborating with interactive live streaming learning through Zoom Meetings and programmatic consultation. Activities for remote learning as a form of adaptive learning during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Effect of internship performance and work motivation on vocational students’ work readiness
Authors: Rochmayanti Failla , Kuat Tri , Tentama Fatwa
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of internship performance and work motivation on work readiness of students in SMK Negeri 1 Bantul Yogyakarta, majoring in automation and office governance competencies in academic year 2018/2019. This research is an ex post facto using quantitative correlation method. The population of this research is all XII grade students of in office automation and governance expertise, with a total of 64 students. We selected 30 students as the sample using proportionate random sampling technique. The dependent variable in this study is work readiness (Y) while the independent variables include the performance of internship (X1) and work motivation (X2). Data collection methods are questionnaires and documentation. The method of data analysis uses descriptive statistics, and multiple linear regression. The results showed that there was an influence on the performance of internship and work motivation both individually and simultaneously on the work readiness of students of SMK Negeri 1 Bantul.
The Awareness of the Indonesian Market Toward the Corporate Social Responsibility of a Company
Authors: Ainy Rintan Nuzul , Ariesanti Alia
Published: June 2022

The existence of CSR institutions and associations coherent with several laws and regulations concerning CSR applied in Indonesia indicates that Indonesia gives more attention to the importance of CSR. The increasing number of parties who appreciate CSR performance also motivates companies to commit to implementing CSR. However, the next question is related to whether the public (market) responds to the efforts of the government, companies, and all parties involved in the progress of CSR in Indonesia or not. Specifically, the question lingers around whether the Indonesian market is aware of the importance of CSR or not. Departing from the two questions, the study aims to determine the response of the Indonesian market after the CSR-related information has been identified since market responses will show awareness of the importance of CSR. The data that have been used in the study are the secondary ones and include the stock prices that come from 5 days before and 5 days after the announcement of the Indonesia Sustainability Reporting Award (ISRA) 2017 and 2018. The hypothesis test results show no differences in stock prices between 5 days before and 5 days after the announcement of the ISRA award. On the contrary, the hypothesis test results show that the Indonesian market has not responded to CSR information of a company. The reason is that the Indonesian market does not consider CSR information relevant for investment decision making.
Non-Performing Financing in Indonesian Islamic Commercial Banks During the Pandemic: A Macro and Microeconomics Perspective
Authors: Dewi Riska , Hakim Abdul
Published: June 2022

Non-performing financing (NPF) as a measure of the soundness of Islamic banks might face adverse reactions during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study aimed to determine the effect of macroeconomic variables, including inflation, BI rate, exchange rate, and microeconomic variables such as CAR, FDR, and BOPO on the NPF of Islamic Commercial Banks registered by the Indonesian Financial Services Authority for the period 2013:5 to 2021:6. It also aimed to investigate the effect of the covid-19 pandemic on the NPF. This study utilized the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) analysis method. The ARDL was used to analyze the relationship between NPF and the macro and microeconomics variables in the short and long term. The analysis results showed that the covid-19 pandemic, inflation, and BI rate significantly affected the NPF of the Indonesian Islamic commercial banks in the short and long term. Additionally, it was evidenced that BOPO was only significant in affecting the NPF in the short time, and FDR was only significant in determining the NPF in the long term.
Zmart: Poverty Alleviation and Women Empowerment Program Through Micro Retail Shop Business
Authors: Swandaru Randi , Rizkiningsih Priyesta , Kuswanda Deden
Published: June 2022

Zmart program is a micro retail shop empowerment program using zakat funds to alleviate poverty, especially in urban areas. This research examines the impact of Zmart program on poverty alleviation and women empowerment. The general poverty indicators based on poverty line and had kifayah standard show that the number of poverty decreases after Zmart intervention. In addition, the impact of Zmart also measured using BAZNAS Prosperity Index (BPI) with a score of 0.68, meaning Zmart has a good impact on its recipient. The Gender Development Index (GDI) in the Zmart program shows an increasing value from 75.97 to 139.32. It means that there is significant emancipation for the female group compared to the male group in the program. These results show that the Zmart program favorably empowers women as it is shown that the GDI value exceeds 100 points.
SÖZLÜ ŞİİRDEN AYTISA:KAZAK FOLKLORUNDAKİ BÄDİK ŞİİRLERİNİN TÜRSEL DEĞİŞİMİ
Authors: SATINBEKOVA Meruyert
Published: June 2022

Orta Asya Türk halklarının en eski folklor miraslarından biri, bädik diye adlandırılan şiirlerdir. Bädik şiirlerinin örneklerine en çok Kazak, Kırgız, Karakalpak, Özbek halklarının folklorlarında rastlanmaktadır. Bu durum, bädik şiirlerinin oluşumunun tarihin derinliklerine uzandığını ve Türk Dünyası’nın ortak kültürel mirası olduğunu göstermektedir. Kamlık veya baksılık geleneğinin izlerini taşıyan kadim Orta Asya topraklarında her hastalığın bir oluşum sebebinin olduğuna inanılmıştır. XX yüzyılın başlarına kadar Orta Asya coğrafyasında hastalanan evcil hayvanları bädik şiiri söyleyerek sağaltma geleneği yaşatılmıştır. Kazaklar arasında oluşan Bädik şiirleri, daha sonra yapı ve işlev değişimine uğrayarak kızlarla erkeklerin toplanarak karşılıklı söyledikleri bädik aytıslarına dönüşmüştür. Böylece bu tür deyişmelerin amacı da hastalanan hayvanları iyileştirmek olmaktan çıkmış, gençlerin birbirleriyle deyişerek eğlenmelerini sağlamaya dönüşmüştür. Kazak folkloru ve edebiyat tarihiyle ilgili çeşitli kitaplarda “bädik şiiri” ve “bädik aytısı” kavramları bugüne kadar kullanılagelmiştir. “Bädik şiiri”, bazı kitaplarda örf-âdet şiirleri olarak yer almıştır. Bazı kaynaklarda ise “bädik aytıs” olarak kaydedilmiştir. Bu makalede, Kazak folklorundaki bädik şiirlerinin işlevi ve aytısa dönüşüm yolları tarihi bakış açısından ele alınarak değerlendirilmiştir. Değerlendirme sonrasında aytıs türünün başlangıcınını belli bir dereceye kadar etkilemiş olan bädik aytısının net bir aytıs türü olarak ele alınıp günümüz aytıs, deyişme sanatı ölçüleriyle değerlendirmesinin yanlış olduğu görüşüne ulaşılmıştır.
Apparent change of the 3C/3D line intensity ratio in neonlike ions
Authors: Yang Zhihao , He Zhencen , Xiong Gang , Yao Ke , Yang Yang , Wei Baoren , Zou Yaming , Wu Zhongwen , Tian Ziqiang , Ma Yulong , Wu Chensheng , Gao Xiang , Hu Zhimin
Published: June 2022

The resonance 3C ([(2p5)1/23d3/2]J=1 → [2p6]J=0) to intercombination 3D ([(2p5)3/23d5/2]J=1 → [2p6]J=0) line intensity ratio of neonlike ions has been studied. The measured line intensity ratio for neonlike Xe44+ ions shows an apparent change, which is reproduced by the calculations using the relativistic configuration interaction plus many-body perturbation theory. It is clearly elucidated that the change in the 3C/3D line intensity ratio is caused by strong configuration mixing between the upper levels of the 3D and 3F ([(2p5)1/23s]J=1 → [2p6]J=0) lines. The present measurement allows us to discuss the 3C/3D line intensity ratio for the highest-Z ions hitherto, which suggests that the experiment-theory discrepancy in the 3C/3D line intensity ratio of neonlike ions diminishes with increasing atomic number Z and further trends to vanish at higher-Z ions. Furthermore, the present study provides benefits to better understand configuration mixing effect in the radiative opacity of hot plasmas.
AC field modulated DC magnetic field sensor based on optical whispering gallery mode microcapillary resonator
Authors: yu Changqiu , Ma Shichang , Ren HongLiang , Chen Zhiyuan , Xiang Chenchen , Yan Yuming , Wang Xiaoxu , Jin Menghao , Li Hai , Zhou Tiejun
Published: June 2022

A sensitive DC magnetic field sensor is constructed by measuring the signal-to-noise ratio of an AC-modulated magnetic field at a particular frequency from an optical whispering gallery mode microcapillary resonator. The sensing element consists of an optical whispering gallery mode microcapillary resonator bonded to a magnetostrictive material that enables it to respond to external magnetic fields. A DC magnetic field sensitivity of 0.1703dB/Oe and a linear detection range from 4.8Oe to 65.7Oe are realized under an AC modulation field of 168.1kHz in the unshielded environment at room temperature. To our best knowledge, this sensitivity is about 2.3 times of the maximum sensitivity of other DC magnetic field sensors based on magnetic fluid or magnetostrictive material integrated fiber systems that use the dissipative sensing scheme. Furthermore, the sensor can operate at a stable temperature in the range of [-11∼45]°C, as long as the modulation frequency of the AC-modulation field is adjusted according to the ambient temperature. This sensor provides us with a novel DC magnetic field sensing scheme, which may play a role in industrial fields related to current and position detection in the future.
Backward scattering suppression in an underwater LiDAR signal processing based on CEEMDAN-fast ICA algorithm
Authors: Lin Xuetong , Yang Suhui , Liao Yingqi
Published: June 2022

A new signal-processing method to realize blind source separation (BSS) in an underwater lidar-radar system based on complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) and independent component analysis (ICA) is presented in this paper. The new statistical signal processing approach can recover weak target reflections from strong backward scattering clutters in turbid water, thus greatly improve the ranging accuracy. The proposed method can overcome the common problem of ICA, i.e. the number of observations must be equal to or larger than the number of sources to be separated, therefore multiple independent observations are required, which normally is realized by repeating the measurements in identical circumstances. In the new approach, the observation matrix for ICA is constructed by CEEMDAN from a single measurement. BSS can be performed on a single measurement of the mixed source signals. The CEEMDAN-ICA method avoid the uncertainty induced by the change of measurement circumstances and reduce the errors in ICA algorithm. In addition, the new approach can also improve the detection efficiency because the number of measurement is reduced. The new approach was tested in an underwater lidar-radar system. A mirror and a white Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plate were used as target, respectively. Without using the CEEMDAN- Fast ICA, the ranging error with the mirror was 12.5 cm at 2 m distance when the attenuation coefficient of the water was 7.1 m-1. After applying the algorithm, under the same experimental conditions, the ranging accuracy was improved to 4.33 cm. For the PVC plate, the ranging errors were 5.01 cm and 21.54 cm at 3.75 attenuation length with and without the algorithm respectively. In both cases, applying this algorithm can significantly improve the ranging accuracy.
4D spatio-temporal electric field characterization of ultrashort light pulses undergoing filamentation
Authors: Neoričić Lana , Jusko Christoph , Mikaelsson Sara , Guo Chen , Miranda Miguel , Zhong Shiyang , Garmirian Félix , Major Balázs , Brown Jeffrey M. , Gaarde Mette B. , Couairon Arnaud , Morgner Uwe , Kovačev Milutin , Arnold Cord L.
Published: June 2022

We present an experimental method capable of capturing the complete spatio-temporal dynamics of filamenting ultrashort laser pulses. By employing spatially resolved Fourier transform spectrometry in combination with the capability to terminate the filament at any length, we can follow the nonlinear dynamics in four dimensions, i.e. the transverse domain, time and filament length. Our method thus not only enables the full characterization of the filamentation process throughout its evolution, but also allows to identify and select laser pulses with desired parameters.
Fluid mechanics of the zebrafish embryonic heart trabeculation
Authors: Cairelli Adriana Gaia , Chow Renee Wei-Yan , Vermot Julien , Yap Choon Hwai
Published: June 2022

Embryonic heart development is a mechanosensitive process, where specific fluid forces are needed for the correct development, and abnormal mechanical stimuli can lead to malformations. It is thus important to understand the nature of embryonic heart fluid forces. However, the fluid dynamical behaviour close to the embryonic endocardial surface is very sensitive to the geometry and motion dynamics of fine-scale cardiac trabecular surface structures. Here, we conducted image-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to quantify the fluid mechanics associated with the zebrafish embryonic heart trabeculae. To capture trabecular geometric and motion details, we used a fish line that expresses fluorescence at the endocardial cell membrane, and high resolution 3D confocal microscopy. Our endocardial wall shear stress (WSS) results were found to exceed those reported in existing literature, which were estimated using myocardial rather than endocardial boundaries. By conducting simulations of single intra-trabecular spaces under varied scenarios, where the translational or deformational motions (caused by contraction) were removed, we found that a squeeze flow effect was responsible for most of the WSS magnitude in the intra-trabecular spaces, rather than the shear interaction with the flow in the main ventricular chamber. We found that trabecular structures were responsible for the high spatial variability of the magnitude and oscillatory nature of WSS, and for reducing the endocardial deformational burden. We further found cells attached to the endocardium within the intra-trabecular spaces, which were likely embryonic hemogenic cells, whose presence increased endocardial WSS. Overall, our results suggested that a complex multi-component consideration of both anatomic features and motion dynamics were needed to quantify the trabeculated embryonic heart fluid mechanics.
Characterizing collaborative transcription regulation with a graph-based deep learning approach
Authors: Zhang Zhenhao , Feng Fan , Liu Jie
Published: June 2022

Human epigenome and transcription activities have been characterized by a number of sequence-based deep learning approaches which only utilize the DNA sequences. However, transcription factors interact with each other, and their collaborative regulatory activities go beyond the linear DNA sequence. Therefore leveraging the informative 3D chromatin organization to investigate the collaborations among transcription factors is critical. We developed ECHO, a graph-based neural network, to predict chromatin features and characterize the collaboration among them by incorporating 3D chromatin organization from 200-bp high-resolution Micro-C contact maps. ECHO predicted 2,583 chromatin features with significantly higher average AUROC and AUPR than the best sequence-based model. We observed that chromatin contacts of different distances affected different types of chromatin features’ prediction in diverse ways, suggesting complex and divergent collaborative regulatory mechanisms. Moreover, ECHO was interpretable via gradient-based attribution methods. The attributions on chromatin contacts identify important contacts relevant to chromatin features. The attributions on DNA sequences identify TF binding motifs and TF collaborative binding. Furthermore, combining the attributions on contacts and sequences reveals important sequence patterns in the neighborhood which are relevant to a target sequence’s chromatin feature prediction.
Deciphering clock cell network morphology within the biological master clock, suprachiasmatic nucleus: From the perspective of circadian wave dynamics
Authors: Kim Hyun , Min Cheolhong , Jeong Byeongha , Lee Kyoung J.
Published: June 2022

The biological master clock, suprachiasmatic nucleus (of rat and mouse), is composed of ~10,000 clock cells which are heterogeneous with respect to their circadian periods. Despite this inhomogeneity, an intact SCN maintains a very good degree of circadian phase (time) coherence which is vital for sustaining various circadian rhythmic activities, and it is supposedly achieved by not just one but a few different cell-to-cell coupling mechanisms, among which action potential (AP)-mediated connectivity is known to be essential. But, due to technical difficulties and limitations in experiments, so far very little information is available about the morphology of the connectivity at a cellular scale. Building upon this limited amount of information, here we exhaustively and systematically explore a large pool (~25,000) of various network morphologies to come up with some plausible network features of SCN networks. All candidates under consideration reflect an experimentally obtained ‘indegree distribution’ as well as a ‘physical range distribution of afferent clock cells.’ Then, importantly, with a set of multitude criteria based on the properties of SCN circadian phase waves in extrinsically perturbed as well as in their natural states, we select out appropriate model networks: Some important measures are, 1) level of phase dispersal and direction of wave propagation, 2) phase-resetting ability of the model networks subject to external circadian forcing, and 3) decay rate of perturbation induced “phase-singularities.” The successful, realistic networks have several common features: 1) “indegree” and “outdegree” should have a positive correlation; 2) the cells in the SCN ventrolateral region (core) have a much larger total degree than that of the dorsal medial region (shell); 3) The number of intra-core edges is about 7.5 times that of intra-shell edges; and 4) the distance probability density function for the afferent connections fits well to a beta function. We believe that these newly identified network features would be a useful guide for future explorations on the very much unknown AP-mediated clock cell connectome within the SCN.
Down-expression of klotho in canine mammary gland tumors and its prognostic significance
Authors: Chung Heaji , Lee Sungin , Kim Geon A. , Kim Wan Hee
Published: June 2022

Since the discovery of klotho as an anti-aging gene, its association with tumors has been studied. Several previous studies have reported the down-expression of klotho in various human cancers, and much of its mechanism has been revealed. Nonetheless, the significance of klotho in canine mammary gland tumors is not yet known. This study aimed to determine whether klotho is expressed within normal canine mammary glands and whether the expression changes in benign and malignant tumors. Using immunohistochemistry, the experiment was conducted on eight normal canine mammary gland tissues and 55 mammary gland tumor samples. Additionally, the correlation between the Ki-67 proliferation index and clinicopathological features, such as age, tumor size, tumor grade, histologic type, and metastasis, was evaluated. All eight normal mammary gland tissues showed immunohistochemistry expression of klotho, and the expression significantly decreased as malignancy increased. Among the samples, 11% (3/28) of benign tumors and 26% (7/27) of malignant tumors showed negative klotho expression. Furthermore, higher Ki-67 expression, higher grades, and metastasis were confirmed to be associated with the negative klotho expression. Analysis of the survival curve for dogs with malignant tumors revealed that negative klotho expression was significantly associated with poor overall survival and disease-free survival. These results indicate that klotho is expressed in normal canine mammary glands and that negative klotho expression in canine mammary gland tumors is positively correlated with poor prognosis.
The impact of the opening of high-speed rail on corporate financing constraints
Authors: Liao Yu , Qiu Xiaodong , Sun Qian , Li Peiyang
Published: June 2022

In this paper, the data of A-share non-financial listed companies from 2008 to 2019 are used to study the impact of the opening of high-speed railway on corporate financing constraints with the difference-in-differences model. The research results show that the opening of high-speed rail can effectively alleviate the financing constraints faced by enterprises. Through the analysis of its influence mechanism, it is found that the opening of high-speed rail can reduce the degree of information asymmetry and agency conflicts between enterprises and their stakeholders, and thereby ease corporate financing constraints. At the same time, the opening of the high-speed rail has a more significant effect on alleviating the financing constraints of non-state-controlled enterprises, technology-intensive enterprises, and enterprises in inland areas. This research is not only a supplement to the economic consequences related to the opening of the high-speed rail, but also a further expansion of the research on the factors affecting corporate financing constraints.
Epidemiology and clinical features of Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome: A nationwide population-based study in South Korea
Authors: Park Hyung Jun , Kim Ye-Jee , Kim Min-Ju , Kim Ho Cheol
Published: June 2022

Background

Birt–Hogg–Dubé (BHD) syndrome is an ultrarare lung disease with unclear prevalence and incidence. Our study aimed to identify the epidemiological and clinical features of BHD syndrome by using nationwide claims data from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment service.

Methods

Patients with BHD syndrome who had the following criteria were included: 1) tested for folliculin gene mutation, and 2) had at least one of the conditions: other specified malformation syndromes, fibrofolliculoma, acrochordon, lung cyst, cancer, and pneumothorax based on International Classification of Disease–10 code.

Results

We found 26 patients with BHD syndrome from 2017 to 2019. The prevalence of BHD syndrome was 5.67 per 107 population, with no peak age. Among incidence cases, the median age of diagnosis was 51 years, with slightly more females than males (n = 15, 57.7%). Over half of the patients (n = 14, 53.8%) experienced pneumothorax, and 10 (38.5%) developed malignant neoplasm within the clinical course.

Conclusions

The prevalence of BHD syndrome in Korea is extremely low. However, affected patients manifest several comorbidities, including malignant neoplasm and repetitive pneumothorax.
Antonio de Lebrixa grammatico en su medio milenio
Authors: Quijada Van den Berghe Carmen
Published: June 2022

La impronta nebrisense en la tradición lingüística occidental y misionera no deja de fascinar y de sorprender aún hoy, rayando el medio milenio de su muerte. Sobre el maestro Antonio de Lebrixa, cuya producción lingüística fue extensa, se ha escrito consecuen­temente mucho y con toda probabilidad seguirá haciéndose, dada la complejidad y envergadura intrínsecas de su doctrina y su re­percusión más allá de la península ibérica. Este volumen reúne 17 trabajos engranados a modo de piezas de puzle para que el lector tenga una perspectiva de conjunto acerca de (a) cómo es la lengua española a finales del siglo XV, (b) cómo es su Gramática sobre la lengua castellana y qué relación se establece con respecto a sus Intro­ductiones Latinae y (c) en qué consiste el efecto Nebrija en la lexico­grafía y gramaticografía posteriores (en España y fuera de ella, en la tradición hispánica y en otras como la misionera o la portuguesa). Los especialistas arrojan datos e interpretaciones novedosos desde una óptica multifocal: análisis gramaticográfico y lexicográfico in­manentes, acercamiento externo (glotopolítica) y examen ecdótico. La visión de futuro del maestro y un mejor conocimiento de las fuentes primarias permiten que sigamos avanzando en el análisis de su obra.
Clinicoepidemiological Features of Childhood and Adult Vitiligo - A Cross- Sectional Observational Study
Authors: A. Archana Devi  , P. V. Krishnam Raju  , B. Gayatri Devi  , K. V. T. Gopal  , T. Narayana Rao
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND

Vitiligo is an acquired primary, usually progressive, melanocytopenia of unknown aetiology clinically manifested by circumscribed achromic macules and histologically by degeneration and disappearance of melanocytes in involved skin. Childhood vitiligo deserves special attention as it has unique epidemiological features. We wanted to determine, compare and analyze the clinical and epidemiological features and autoimmune disease associations in childhood vitiligo and adult vitiligo.

METHODS

It was a prospective cross-sectional observational hospital-based clinical study conducted in a suburban medical college hospital over 20 months which involved 120 patients with vitiligo who were assessed using detailed history and clinical examination for demographic and clinical data. Relevant history and family history were noted. Investigations including complete hemogram, serum biochemistry profile, thyroid profile and fasting plasma glucose examination were performed in all patients. Data were collected, tabulated, and all statistical analysis was done by using SPSS trial version 25 and in MS Excel 2007.

RESULTS

The majority of patients were in the age group of 16-30 years. Among 60 patients, female preponderance was noted in the study with a percentage of 53.3 % followed by 46 % males in the childhood group. The prevalence of segmental vitiligo was more in children (30 %) than in adults (5 %) which was statistically significant (P= 0.000). In adults, there was a statistically significant higher prevalence (P=0.000) of mucosal vitiligo (30 %) than in children (3.35 %). On performing statistical analysis, thyroid dysfunction (P=0.00) and diabetes mellitus (P=0.01) were found to be significantly more prevalent in adults than in children.

CONCLUSIONS

This study provides clinical evidence that vitiligo at different ages has different characteristics mainly regarding an increased incidence of segmental vitiligo and a more common positive family history among children than adults. A higher prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and diabetes mellitus in adult vitiligo patients compared to children warrants prompt treatment in all detected cases to prevent long-term morbidity and complications.
Posterior Fixation with Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Single Level Isthmic and Degenerative Lumbar Spondylolisthesis in Adults Causes Less Complication
Authors: Atanu Chatterjee  , Ujjwal Kanti Debnath  , Rajesh Kar  , Kanai Lal Jana
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND

Lumbar interbody fusion has long been considered the "gold standard" technique for surgical treatment of adult spondylolisthesis. Superior results have subsequently been reported with interbody fusion with cages and posterior instrumentation. The objectives of the study were to determine the functional outcome after one year following surgery and evaluate the fusion rate.

METHODS

In this prospective, non-randomised study, 26 patients (average age 37.1 yrs) with isthmic spondylolisthesis (IS), who suffered for an average of 12.08 months and 14 patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS) (average age 58.6 yrs), who suffered for 13.2 months on average were collected in out-patient department basis. They underwent an interbody fusion with cages with posterior instrumentation (TLIF or PLIF). Clinical outcome was measured using VAS and Oswestry Disability Index. Foraminal dimensions and disc heights were measured in standard digital radiographs. Radiographic fusion was confirmed with CT scans at 1 year.

RESULTS

In the IS group, a mean spondylolisthesis slip of 33.3 % was reduced to 6.7 % at 1 year. Vertical foraminal distance(C) was improved from 11.2 mm to 12.0 mm. The fusion rate was 78.2 % with TLIF and 66.7 % with PLIF. In the DS group, a mean spondylolisthesis slip of 32.7 % was reduced to 7.4 % at 1 year. C distance was improved from 11.8 mm to 13.2 mm. The fusion rate was 66.7 % with TLIF and 100 % with PLIF. The mean ODI scores at baseline and 1 year, were improved from 48 to 9.8 and from 49.5 to 18.4 in the IS and DS groups respectively. VAS score was improved from 6.4 to 0.8 and from 6.6 to 2.5 in IS and DS groups respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Interbody fusion for low-grade spondylolisthesis requiring reduction results in excellent to good functional outcomes in 90 % of patients with a good fusion rate. TLIF procedure of spinal fusion requires less time, causes less bleeding, and has less chance of damage to the neural structures than PLIF.
Bilişsel Çelişki Teorisi Bağlamında Başörtüsünü Çıkarma Davranışının İncelenmesi
Authors: OKUMUŞ Beyza
Published: June 2022

Başörtülü olmak yalnızca bireysel dini bir davranış olmayıp sosyal, kültürel ve politik yaşantılarla da bağlantılıdır. Başörtüsünü takma veya çıkarma kararı vermek de tamamen bireyin öznel kararı olmayıp yine bu yaşantıların uzantısı olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada önceden başörtülü olan kadınların başörtüsünü çıkarma kararı verirken sosyal, kültürel ve politik yaşantılarıyla da bağlantılı olarak karar verme süreçlerinde yaşadıkları bilişsel çelişkileri nasıl giderdikleri sorusuna cevap aranmaktadır. Çalışmada örneklem olarak “yalnizyürümeyeceksin.com” isimli çevrimiçi platforma 01.01.2020-01.03.2020 tarihleri arasında gönderilen 63 mektup seçilmiştir. Bu mektuplara içerik analizi yöntemi uygulanarak bulgulara ulaşılmıştır. Paylaşılan mektuplar incelendiğinde başörtüsünü kullanmak istememe (1.biliş) ve başörtülü olma (2. biliş) arasındaki tutarsızlığın bireylerde hoşnutsuzluktan depresyona kadar çeşitli düzeylerde rahatsızlık uyandırdığı görülmektedir. Bu rahatsızlığın giderilmesi için başörtüsünü açma davranışını gerçekleştirme sürecinde bireylerin kıyafetlerde ve yaşam tarzında sekülerleşme (tutarlı biliş ekleme), dış dünyadan soyutlanma (çelişkiyi azaltma), ailenin dini yaşantısını yeterli görmeme (tutarlı biliş ekleme), ailenin baskıcı tutumlarını ön plana çıkarma (çelişkiyi azaltma), ekonomik bağımsızlık kazanma (tutarlı biliş ekleme), aileden ayrı yaşama (tutarlı biliş ekleme), dinin diğer gereklerini yerine getirmediğini ifade etme (tutarlı biliş ekleme) yöntemleriyle yaşadıkları bilişsel çelişkiyi gidermeye çalıştıkları görülmüştür. İçerik analizinden elde edilen sonuçlardan biri de bireylerin bir kısmının yalnızca dini tutum ve davranış değişikliği değil dinden ayrılmayı da tecrübe etmiş olmasıdır. Başörtüsünün sembolize ettiği grup kimliğine ait hissetmeme de öne çıkan bir başka temadır. Bunların yanında inancını yitirmediği halde başörtüsünün anlamını yitirdiğini ifade edenler ve sadece örtünmek zor geldiği için örtünmeyi reddedenlerin de olduğu görülmektedir.
Anthony Wallace and Muslim Reform Movements: A Comparative Understanding from Central and South Asia
Authors: Fouad Shibin
Published: June 2022

Historical-evolutionary approach of colonialism and the waves that it created in the ‘colonies’ show a similar trend in both regions. Colonialist discourse portray the inability or the inefficiency of the local culture and traditions to cope up with the ‘colonial power and their stakes’. Both these regions witnessed degeneration of communities both in terms of religious and secular yardsticks. To add on that, many superstitions had also crept in which was a serious issue that the reformers found very difficult in convincing people. Scholars from these regions had connections with the wider world and this helped them in drawing parallels in order to compare the plight of their society. Reformation activities were initiated by individuals who attracted severe friction from the society and faced alienation in different spheres of their life. People were initially reluctant to even listen to them but slowly things started to change and they started to make use of new techniques of education and participate in the ‘modern political activities’. This can be depicted as a manifestation of ‘cultural lag’ in these regions. By the starting of the twentieth century, international mercantile-politics took a new turn and the globe witnessed some hitherto unheard things. If the First World War was a common point to both these regions; on a segregated level, Russian Revolution and the Non- Cooperation Movements brought in ripples in Ferghana and Malabar respectively. People started to realise from their experience the necessity of political participation in bringing about ‘preferred change’. The numerical strength of schools had aided to the discourse of the reformers who had received the wrath of authorities. When we extrapolate the graph to the cotemporary times, we can easily understand the repercussion these movements had produced. This paper will discuss the course of these movements in the framework of revitalization given by Wallace.
Patrones de interacción profesor-estudiante en colegios colombianos de alto y bajo desempeño en ciencias
Authors: Valencia Serrano Marcela , Ochoa Angrino Solanlly , Rojas Ospina Tatiana , Montes González Jairo Andrés
Published: June 2022

El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar los patrones de interacción profesor estudiante en colegios colombianos de alto y bajo rendimiento en el área de ciencias. Para esto se observaron las interacciones de 12 profesores y 118 estudiantes en clases de física, química y biología de secundaria. Se utilizó la pauta de observación Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS-Upper Elementary) para describir las interacciones en los dominios de apoyo pedagógico, apoyo emocional y organización de la clase durante tres sesiones de clase de una misma unidad temática. Las puntuaciones en estos dominios fueron comparadas entre los colegios de alto y bajo desempeño en pruebas estandarizadas en ciencias. En general no se encontraron diferencias significativas en los patrones de interacción entre profesor y estudiantes pertenecientes a colegios de alto desempeño y bajo desempeño en ciencias. Sin embargo, dentro del dominio de apoyo pedagógico se encontraron diferencias en relación con las dimensiones de comprensión del contenido y dialogo instruccional; en estas dimensiones, los patrones de interacción de los profesores-estudiantes pertenecientes a colegios con alto desempeño en ciencias mostraron mejores desempeños que los de bajo desempeño. Se discuten las implicaciones educativas de los hallazgos y se realizan sugerencias para trabajos observacionales similares.
Quando comer não é suficiente: tríade, cuidado/educação, desenvolvimento e uso dos objetos durante as refeições em duas creches do DF
Authors: Rengifo-Herrera Francisco José , Gomes Melo Rodrigues Ana Paula
Published: June 2022

O presente estudo caracteriza o uso de objetos e práticas alimentares e descreve as qualidades das interações na tríade adulto-objeto-criança (12 a 24 meses) durante as refeições em duas creches em Brasília. A análise enfoca ações, diálogos e aspectos metacomunicativos expressos pelas tríades ao longo da ação pedagógica. A pesquisa utilizou análise microgenética, com observação não participante, filmagem, fotos e registros escritos. Identificou-se, por meio deste estudo, como o uso de objetos e a relação triádica são desenvolvidos nas refeições e os aspectos relacionais / educacionais emergentes nesses momentos. Com base nas análises microgenéticas, considerou-se que os objetos, relações e formas de comunicação na relação triádica são a pedra angular dos aspectos metodológicos e epistemológicos das ações relacionadas com a apropriação e compreensão do uso de objetos, ações de tempo de refeição e práticas contextuais. Finalmente, também identificamos a necessidade de trazer à tona alguns aspectos de significado e sentido durante as refeições em contextos educacionais da primeira infância.
Un llamado a las ciencias del comportamiento para combatir la pandemia de la COVID-19
Authors: Zambrano Ricaurte Danilo
Published: June 2022

Editorial
#CiteBlackWomen
Authors: Makhulu Anne-Maria , Smith Christen
Published: June 2022

Anthropology continues to grapple with pervasive racism and sexism. Although we have made strides to distance ourselves from our colonial roots, our field remains dominated by white men. More pointedly, despite the diversity of our discipline, people of color generally, and Black women particularly, continue to be excluded from the anthropological canon. Nowhere is this more evident than in the relative absence of Black women from the bibliographies and citational rituals of mainstream anthropology. Although Black women have been practicing, theorizing, and revolutionizing North American anthropology since Zora Neale Hurston’s groundbreaking work in the early twentieth century, they have remained largely excluded from our disciplinary conceptualizations of what constitutes serious anthropological theory. Inspired by the work of Cite Black Women, this colloquy critically examines the race and gender politics of citation in anthropology and the urgent need for anthropologists to reimagine “conceptual collaboration” to move our discipline toward justice. The anthropologist Lynn Bolles (2013) notes, “If the citation wars have meaning in the modern academy . . . then in both short and long runs African American scholars are/will be faceless and voiceless.” With the advent of the #MeToo movement and with increasing attention paid to the politics of authorship and representation inside and outside of the academy, this colloquy critically reflects on how anthropologists might re-think approaches to theory, methodology, conceptual framing, and pedagogy to bring Black women to the center of anthropological debates.
Citation as Ceremony: #SayHerName, #CiteBlackWomen, and the Practice of Reparative Enunciation
Authors: Shange Savannah
Published: June 2022

Liberal politics are subtended by several fatal, commonsense binaries: state vs. interpersonal violence; trans vs. non-trans women; armed vs. innocent victims. Each of these binaries render Black women alternately invisible, incidental, and illegible. In this essay, I examine the hashtags #SayHerName and #CiteBlackWomen as citational practices of reparative enunciation that refuse these binaries. When citation is practiced as a form of relation, it offers a model for an ethical ethnographic practice in which we cite our research participants as thought and theory partners in an effort to speak back to the silences and violences of extant social science.