bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Rotational Speed of Homogenization on Emulsion Results Obtained Using Soy Lecithin Emulsifier
Authors: Namira Zahra Rahma , Paramita Vita , Kusumayanti Heny
Published: January 2023

Homogenization is the process of homogenizing particle size in an effort to maintain the stability of a mixture formed from 2 phases that cannot be fused or commonly called emulsions. This study aims to analyze the effect of homogenization speed and differences in solid concentration in homogenization process using homogenizer. The ingredients used are Virgin Coconut Oil as a solute, Aquadest as a solvent, and soy lecithin as an emulsifier. Several stages of analysis are density, viscosity, microscopic, and emulsion stability analysis. The results obtained from this study were optimum stirring speed of 22,000 rpm with optimum homogenization time of 4 minutes, solid concentration of 60% obtaining density of 0.78 gr/mL, viscosity of 5.86 cP, stability of 100%, and most stable microscope test. The results showed that the greater the stirring speed and time, the smaller the density and viscosity value produced and the greater the stability value obtained. The greater the concentration of solids, the greater the density, viscosity, and stability of the emulsion.
How lower-secondary pupils approach and perceive understanding mathematics
Authors: Novotná Gabriela
Published: January 2023

Mathematics requires deep thinking. It may be educationally beneficial if pupils are aware of their own shortcomings in understanding. We investigated how pupils of lower-secondary schools in Prague perceive their understanding mathematics, with a particular focus on whether they have distinctive attitudes towards the quality of their understanding. In the first, quantitative stage, a diagnostic test of surface knowledge and a questionnaire about mathematical understanding were developed and administrated. Using a factor analysis, t-tests and methods of descriptive statistics, we created indices of understanding and ascertained that the respondents were often mixing various levels of depth of their understanding mathematics. The quality of a pupil’s understanding was also influenced by many latent factors, including strategic approach to learning, volition to remember facts, ability to solve tasks independently, perfectionism, and also, to some extent, the parental view of mathematics. In the second stage of the research, some individual semi-structured interviews were conducted to illustrate and validate the results. The findings of the study highlight the need to raise pupils’ awareness of the quality of their mathematical understanding, since it may influence their willingness to deepen their knowledge in mathematics and subsequently their school performance.
An Exploratory Qualitative Study on Examining Small Business & Entrepreneurial Development: Issues in Franco-phone Sub-Saharan Africa. The Case of Senegal
Authors: Charles J. Mambula l.
Published: January 2023

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Filip Melanchton i 500 lat jego Loci communes (1521)
Authors: Leszczyński Rafał Marcin
Published: January 2023

In Poland, the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century is most often associated with Martin Luther. However, together with Luther, the reforms were introduced into the Church by Ulrich Zwingli in Zurich, while Philip Melanchthon, Luther’s friend and collaborator, was a very important theologian in Germany. It was him who determined the ultimate doctrinal and organizational form of Lutheranism. Melanchthon was a theologian and a humanist, the reformer of German education, author of numerous textbooks widely used in all over Renaissance Europe, including Poland and Lithuania. One of Melanchthon’s major textbooks was Loci communes (1521). In this book, Melanchthon made an attempt to systematize evangelical doctrines. Consequently, it is considered the first evangelical theology textbook and, at the first time, the first work on Protestant dogmas.
Edukacja równościowa. Tworzenie przestrzeni i warunków dla Innego, pod red. M. Obryckiej, G. Piekarskiego, M.A. Sałapaty, Oficyna Wydawnicza Impuls, Kraków 2020, ss. 692
Authors: Głowacka-Sobiech Edyta
Published: January 2023

Recenzja: Edukacja równościowa. Tworzenie przestrzeni i warunków dla Innego, pod red. M. Obryckiej, G. Piekarskiego, M.A. Sałapaty, Oficyna Wydawnicza Impuls, Kraków 2020, ss. 692
Galanterie dziecięce. Spis zabawek z osiemnastowiecznego magnackiego inwentarza majątkowego
Authors: Penkała-Jastrzębska Anna
Published: January 2023

A preserved register of items is an interesting and valuable source for research into everyday life of the 18th century nobility. The mentioned toys helped children to imitate everyday life activities as accurately as possible. Despite the fact that the items are a part of the magnate’s inventory, many of them showed signs of wear and tear while some were completely destroyed. The toys were often used but no particular attention was paid to regular repairs thereof. In the preserved source materials, we can easily find items for boys like military-related toys and play-horse heads on sticks. The typically girlish items included mostly dolls, dressed in costumes following the latest fashion. An interesting collection of toys consists of items that imitated various genre scenes, the nature of which may indicate the origin of the items. They created a miniature world, corresponding to the activities observed in everyday life. Unfortunately, the laconic nature of many entries in the register does not allow for more extended research based on the specific features of the items on the list. The problem of the representation of toys in the world of noble things requires an in-depth study of the preserved source materials, in order to recognize the specificity of this type of objects.
Tygodnik „Wprost” jako forum dyskusji nad obliczem polskiej szkoły w latach 1998–2017
Authors: Gołębiowski Dariusz
Published: January 2023

Late 1989 did not bring about any structural changes in education. For the next decade, a two-tier system of general education was in place, based on an 8-year primary school and a 4-year secondary school. This system was established in Poland in 1961 and remained unchanged until the late 20th century (1999) when Professor Mirosław Handke adopted a fundamental reform of the educational system, including introduction of 6-year primary schools, 3-year lower secondary schools and 3-year specialised high schools. Discussions on the changes, the course of the reform and the needs of Polish schools in the new reality were reflected in opinion weeklies. The article offers a concise analysis of texts on the perception of the structural reform, but also the broadly defined economic condition of Polish schools, the social position of teachers and school problems of children and adolescents, printed in Wprost weekly in 1998–2017. The latter date refers to the first year of Anna Zalewska’s reform, abolishing lower secondary schools and restoring the previous model of education.
Młody czytelnik i książka. Alternatywna lista lektur a potrzeby czytelnicze współczesnego dziecka
Authors: Adamczewski Jakub
Published: January 2023

In elementary education, books and the messages they put across determine the way in which children perceive the world around them. Therefore, reading has become a tool of raising and educating the youngest children in the course of remote learning. The collection of obligatory books for classes 1–3, suggested by the Minister of Education, touches upon difficult issues related to contemporary life and children’s experiences in a limited way. The article presents obligatory reading taking into account a historical perspective and the latest developments that have inspired an open project “Alternative Obligatory Reading” initiated by Towarzystwo Inteligentnej Młodzieży (Association of Intelligent Adolescents), BUKBUK website and EDICO Foundation.
Konceptualna ilustracja naukowa Fritza Kahna
Authors: Leszkowicz Mateusz
Published: January 2023

The paper outlines the origin, development, applications, and impact of conceptual scientific illustration, developed in the early 20th century by Fritz Kahn, a German gynecologist, publisher and popularizer of science. These illustrations explains how things work via concepts, metaphors and illusion. This is in contrast to the descriptive anatomical and natural illustrations of 19th-century paintings which show what things look like. The article presents the systematics of the main types of illustrations by F. Kahn and reflects on reception thereof.
Go Unattended. A Review of Anthony Stavrianakis’ Book “Leaving. A Narrative of Assisted Suicide” (2019)
Authors: Napiwodzka Karolina
Published: January 2023

This is a review of Anthony Stavrianakis’ book Leaving. A Narrative of Assisted Suicide (University of California Press, 2019). Medically-assisted suicide still raises many issues and controversies of various types: ethical, legal, organizational and institutional. The situation varies greatly between countries, and depends on health care policies and socially recognised values. However, the overriding question is as follows: under what conditions should this form of death be allowed? Among the arguments that are well known, recognized and now tame, Stavrianakis’ research brings new light and perspective. The author goes deeper and searches for the real motives driving people to choose this manner of death. He sees the nuances and recounts the difficulties. In this article, I highlight aspects of Stavrianakis’ work that I find relevant and crucial for the issues considered.
Les deux manières d’expliquer la réalité proposées par Parménide
Authors: Cordero Nestor Luis
Published: January 2023

Towards the end of fragment 1 of his Poem, Parmenides puts forward two methods or paths that a priori explain the same object of study: the existence of the fact or state of being. One of the options leads to the core of the truth and is, therefore, pursued. The other is merely a set of contradictory opinions and is, accordingly, abandoned. These two paths are expounded in the rest of the Poem, while fragment 4 shows that even the erroneous conception, which had to be set aside, can still be fruitful. Once the firm foundation of truth has been established, fragments 10 and 11 propose to widen the inquiry to the whole of reality. This interpretation suggests a rejection of the arrangement of the Poem that has become canonical, and a criticism of the doxographic tradition that since Aristotle has “Platonised” the philosophy of Parmenides by assimilating the “opinions” (which are only points of view) to the “appearances” (in the Platonic sense of the term).
André Motte (1936-2021) Belgian Friend of Classical Philologists and Ancient Philosophy Specialists in Poznań
Authors: Lewandowski Ignacy
Published: January 2023

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Evidence for the reinstatement of Kallymeniopsis and the merger of the family Crossocarpaceae within the family Kallymeniaceae (Rhodophyta)
Authors: Skriptsova Anna V. , Shibneva Svetlana Yu. , Semenchenko Alexander A.
Published: January 2023

We present a three-gene phylogeny, based on nuclear (short fragment of large subunit ribosomal RNA gene, 1150 base pairs), chloroplast (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit) and mitochondrial (5′ region of the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1) genes, to determine the position of three species, Kallymeniopsis verrucosa, Beringia castanea and Crossocarpus lamuticus in the Gigartinales. These species were placed by Perestenko in the family Crossocarpaceae, a proposal that was not supported by most phycologists. The goal of this project was to resolve the taxonomic position of these three species and answer the question: Is the Crossocarpaceae a separate family? The concatenated multi-gene phylogeny and the individual gene trees show that these algae nest deeply within the family Kallymeniaceae; K. verrucosa and C. lamuticus are most closely related to species referred currently to the genus Erythrophyllum, whereas B. castanea is sister to the recently established Commanderella ruprechtiana. Taking into account the data on morphology, vegetative and reproductive anatomy of different species, we propose to revive the genus Kallymeniopsis with three species and to retain Crossocarpus as a separate genus. Beringia is a separate monotypic genus.
Inconsistency between morphological diversity and genetic structuring: proposal for one species of Undaria in Japan
Authors: Uwai Shinya , Takagi Satomi , Sekiguchi Takuma , Emura Nozomi , Morita Teruwo , Kurashima Akira , Sato Yoichi
Published: January 2023

Genetic structure analyses have yielded some examples of inconsistencies between genetic and morphological information. Here, eleven nuclear microsatellite markers and mitochondrial haplotypes were used to examine the genetic structure and gene flow among Japanese Undaria pinnatifida populations and the congeneric species U. undarioides and U. peterseniana. Undaria pinnatifida was subdivided into four “Groups” of populations based on Bayesian clustering analysis, Neighbor-net analysis and Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). Undaria undarioides samples formed a unique Group. In contrast, U. peterseniana samples either grouped with a mixture of U. pinnatifida and U. undarioides clusters or were included within one of the U. pinnatifida clusters. More significantly, Groups of populations shared alleles with geographically adjacent Groups even between different morphospecies. No clear differences between the inter-and intra-specific genetic divergence were observed in either nuclear or mitochondrial markers. As a result, U. undarioides and U. peterseniana were synonymized with U. pinnatifida. Isolation-by-distance suggested the significance of geographical isolation for maintaining the observed divergence.
Nitzschia venerata, sp. nov., a simulacrum for the conopeate, tube-dwelling diatom Nitzschia martiana, has scuta not conopea: a case of convergent evolution?
Authors: Lobban Christopher S.
Published: January 2023

Nitzschia martiana, recently restored to Homoeocladia (C. Agardh) emend Lobban et Ashworth, has needle-like cells and forms macroscopic colonies that are so distinctive that they have been reported on the basis of light microscopy alone. It is the type species for Homoeocladia, which have long flaps (conopea) arising from the sternum and covering a valve depression. This group has extreme diversity at the ultrastructural level and it would not be surprising to find another similar to H. martiana. However, Nitzschia venerata, sp. nov., is a surprising look-alike found in a coral reef seaweed sample from Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands (Western Pacific Ocean). It was studied with light- and scanning electron microscopy. Attempts to find colonies in live and preserved samples were unsuccessful. It is very long and narrow, with a valve depression like that in conopeate species. However, ultrastructurally it is not conopeate because the long flaps arise from the valve face and grow toward the keel and can therefore be classified as scuta. Although tube formation remains unknown, the extreme length and narrowness of the cells suggest it might occur, so that scientists identifying potential H. martiana should be alert to the possibility that they have N. venerata or some other needle-like Homoeocladia.
Energy- efficient model “Inception V3 based on deep convolutional neural network” using cloud platform for detection of COVID-19 infected patients
Authors: Kumar Sachin , Pal Saurabh , Singh Vijendra Pratap , Jaiswal Priya
Published: January 2023

Objectives

COVID-19 is frightening the health of billions of persons and speedily scattering worldwide. Medical studies have revealed that the majority of COVID-19 patients. X-ray of COVID-19 is extensively used because of their noticeably lower price than CT. This research article aims to spot the COVID-19 virus in the X-ray of the chest in less time and with better accuracy.

Methods

We have used the inception-v3 available on the cloud platform transfer learning model to classify COVID-19 infection. The online Inception v3 model can be reliable and efficient for COVID-19 disease recognition. In this experiment, we collected images of COVID-19-infected patients, then applied the online inception-v3 model to automatically extract features, and used a softmax classifier to classify the COVID-19 images. Finally, the experiment shows inception v3 is significant for COVID-19 image classification.

Results

Our results demonstrate that our proposed inception v3 model available on the cloud platform can detect 99.41% of COVID-19 cases between COVID-19 and Lung Mask diseases in 44 min only. We have also taken images of the normal chest for better outcomes. To estimate the computation power of the model, we collected 6018 COVID-19, Lung Masks, & Normal Chest images for experimentation. Our projected model offered a trustworthy COVID-19 classification by using chest X-rays.

Conclusions

In this research paper, the inception v3 model available on the cloud platform is used to categorize COVID-19 infection by X-ray images. The Inception v3 model available on the cloud platform is helpful to clinical experts to examine the enormous quantity of human chest X-ray images. Scientific and clinical experiments will be the subsequent objective of this paper.
Safety and user experience with off-label use of a flash glucose monitor (FreeStyle Libre® 1) among very young children with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Abulqasim Jumana , Alotaibi Fahad , Al Khalifah Reem Abdullah
Published: January 2023

Objectives

FreeStyle Libre 1 (FGM) has been approved by the FDA for children older than 4 years. It enables noninvasive glucose monitoring without the need for finger pricking. Parents of very young children often use the device off-label. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the safety of and user experience with FreeStyle Libre® 1 and determine its impact on sleep and glycemic control.

Methods

This was an ambi-directional cohort study. We recruited parents of very young children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) who were less than 5 years old when they started using FGM at the King Saud University Diabetes Center. The parents filled out a survey evaluating their experience with the system. In addition, the glucose metrics of the children were also obtained from the Libre View system.

Results

We included 31 children with mean age of the children when they started using FGM was 3.88 ± 1.10 years (range, 1.46–5.4 years), and the mean sensor use was 2.3 ± 1.3 years. During the use of the device, the parents had increased sleep duration of 0.71 h (p-value=0.04), had earlier bedtime by 2.8 h (p-value=0.04), and were able to sleep in a separate room from their children. In addition, the time in range improved by 9.9%, the time above range decreased by 8.8%, and the HbA1c level reduced by 1.56%.

Conclusions

The safety profile of FGM used for very young children with T1DM is the same for older children, which leads to improved metabolic control and sleep quality of both the parent and the child.
Huge mucinous cystic neoplasms with adhesion to the left colon: A case report and literature review
Authors: Tang Haijun , Shen Zhihong , Lu Baochun
Published: January 2023

Mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCN) are rare premalignant neoplasms of the pancreas typically found as single lesions in the pancreatic body and tail of women in the fifth and sixth decade of life, constituting 2–5% of pancreatic neoplasms. We present a 50-year-old female patient with a large tail mass of the pancreatic body (size of 15 cm × 12 cm) with elevated tumor indicators. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large cystic lesion with septa and wall nodules. During the operation, the tumor capsule wall adhered to the left half colon and mesentery and could not be detached. Splenectomy and left hemicolectomy were performed. The postoperative pathological examination of the specimens confirmed a premalignant pancreatic mucous cystic tumor with moderate heterocytosis. The preoperative diagnosis of pancreatic MCN and MCN with invasive carcinoma is discussed, considering the characteristics of this case. Age, tumor size, texture, tumor marker elevation, and cystic wall condition are important characteristics of malignant MCN. Nevertheless, it is still very difficult to determine accurately whether an MCN is malignant or not before an actual pathological examination of the resected specimen.
Exploring the experiences of international Chinese students at a UK university: a qualitative inquiry
Authors: Holliman Andrew J. , Bastaman Amanda S. , Wu Hiu S. , Xu Shuyue , Waldeck Daniel
Published: January 2023

The largest group of international students pursuing their overseas higher education in the UK come from China; and yet, little qualitative research has explored the experiences of Chinese students who have recently made this transition, with even less focusing on the experiences of both undergraduate and postgraduate students. The present article set out to explore the unique perspective of a small sample of first-year undergraduate and first-year postgraduate students (N = 18), on their experience of transitioning to a higher education institution in the UK. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and thematic analysis was used to explore their experiences in greater depth. Two superordinate themes are reported here: “Education Dialogues and Scholarship” and “Intercultural Relations and Notions of Difference.” The findings suggest that despite advances in institutional practices to support international students’ transition to higher education in the UK, more work needs to be done to redress the sociocultural (and other) challenges that continue to exist for international Chinese students.
Welfare States and Covid-19 Responses: Eastern versus Western Democracies
Authors: Nikolova Kristina , Bejan Raluca
Published: January 2023

This study uses a welfare state lens to examine disparities in Covid-19 infections and mortality rates between countries in Eastern Europe compared to West European democracies. Expanding on Esping-Andersen’s typology of welfare regimes, the authors compare six country groups to conduct a multivariate statistical analysis that, when controlling for economic and health differences, shows the number of cases and deaths per 100,000 to be significantly higher for Eastern Europe. In comparing First, Second, and Third Wave data, the difference in Covid-19 infections and mortality rates can be explained through stricter lockdown measures implemented in the East at the start of the First Wave. Overall higher numbers in the East reflect comparatively looser state measures in response to the Second and Third Waves as well as the lack of trust in government and the weak implementation of public health measures.
The Franciscan Order of Things: Empire, Community, and Archival Practices in the Monasteries of Ottoman Bosnia
Authors: Sekulić Ana
Published: January 2023

This article revisits the history of the Franciscan archives under Ottoman rule by focusing on archival documents, practices, and spaces in the Monastery of the Holy Spirit in Fojnica. Ottoman papers and archives preserved in the Franciscan spaces were often associated with Ottoman oppression. In this study, the author demonstrates that the documentary relationship between monasteries and Ottoman chanceries was not one-directional and cannot be characterized as oppressive. Franciscans actively engaged with the Ottoman documents and genres; they relied on the Ottoman vocabularies and legitimacy embedded in the documents, and subverted them at the same time, carving out their own physical and discursive spaces, which were tied to and yet different from the imaginaries of the Ottoman imperial order. The article emphasizes how examining archival narratives is located at the intersection of practices, texts, and spaces.
Side Effects of “Phantom Pains”: How Bulgarian Historical Mythology Derails North Macedonia’s EU Accession
Authors: Brunnbauer Ulf
Published: January 2023

What happens if historical daydreams derail the vector of European integration? The latest round in the dispute between Bulgaria and North Macedonia provides an insight. This analysis discusses Bulgaria’s veto on European Union (EU) accession talks with North Macedonia, first declared in 2019, and its manifold consequences. Bulgaria tied its consent to North Macedonia’s accession to the EU with the country first capitulating to Bulgarian demands concerning its history and identity. This revived arguments from the 1960s and 1970s. Bulgaria’s demands led to a nationalist counter-reaction in North Macedonia, while at the same time complicating the work of a joint expert commission on shared history established in 2017. The author highlights the unenviable nature of the position of the Macedonian members in the commission, caught as they are between their academic ethos and the diplomatic priorities of their country. The analysis concludes with remarks on the implications for the EU of Bulgaria’s “phantom pains” over Macedonia.
A Microstructural Modeling-Based Approach to Graphite Oxidation beyond ASTM D7542
Authors: Paul Ryan M. , Contescu Cristian I. , Gallego Nidia C.
Published: January 2023

ASTM D7542 provides a standardized way to measure the oxidation mass loss rates of graphite in air within a temperature range where chemical kinetics are assumed to dominate. This test was primarily designed to discriminate between graphite candidates for high-temperature gas-cooled reactors based on their oxidation resistance in air and rate sensitivity to temperature variations. However, data measured according to the recommended procedure are useful beyond making comparisons. Quantification of the rate of oxidation and its effects on microstructure and properties is important for nuclear reactor designers, and it is known that many variables play a role in oxidation. In this work, the measured mass loss curves during oxidation in air are compared to a simplified microstructural oxidation model to provide insight into the contributing mechanisms and to shed light on sources of the scatter commonly seen in oxidation results. Suggestions for improving oxidation standards are made with the hopes of broadening the range of applications and maximizing its utility.
A Review of High-Temperature Characterization of Nuclear Graphites
Authors: Jordan Matthew S. L. , Liu Dong , Jiang Ming , Tzelepi Athanasia
Published: January 2023

Polycrystalline graphite has a unique combination of high-temperature properties that has made it the material of choice for many industrial applications. Several nuclear reactor designs that operate between 500°C and 1,000°C include graphite components. These components must maintain their integrity even at the 1,800°C they could be exposed to during an accident. The operational behavior of these graphites during both proof testing of as-manufactured material and postirradiation examination must be determined by measuring physical, mechanical, and thermal properties. For reasons of expense and practicality the properties are measured in (or near to) ambient conditions. It is essential that the measured properties may be extrapolated reliably to high temperatures. Laboratory testing at elevated temperatures therefore provides data for (1) defining temperature-dependent extrapolation curves, (2) informing conceptual models that help to establish confidence in ambient-temperature test methods, and (3) inputs into numerical simulations of operating conditions. The properties of interest for this paper are selected on the basis of current ASTM standards to include those most relevant to current and future fission reactor operation. The effects of fast neutron irradiation on the high-temperature behavior are presented in general terms, and the conventional understanding of the mechanisms behind both the inert and irradiated behavior are outlined. Areas for further research are then highlighted, the findings of which would support design, qualification, operation, and safety monitoring of graphite-moderated nuclear reactors.
World Money and Oil: Theoretical and Historical Considerations
Authors: Hanieh Adam
Published: January 2023

Over recent years, Marx's category of world money has proven to be a useful analytical tool for understanding the preeminent global role of the US dollar. However, accompanying the emergence of the US dollar, there was a second transformation receiving much less attention in the Marxist literature on world money: the shift towards an oil-centered global capitalism. Situating oil within the account of world money can provide numerous insights. Most notably, it helps illuminate the constitutive role of violence and imperial force in the money form, as well as the linkages between social and class structures in oil-producing countries and the dominant forms of world money issued by core countries. It also raises important questions around the possible future of world money, particularly in the context of an apparent US decline and the necessary transition away from fossil fuels.
Predatory Inclusion and the Flint Water Crisis
Authors: Cavender Kenyon P.
Published: January 2023

In 2014, residents of Flint, Michigan began to experience the first effects of the years-long Flint water crisis. Mismanagement of crumbling infrastructure by the city and state and severe austerity measures exposed thousands of children to toxic levels of lead in the drinking water. While blame for this is often assigned to the officials in charge at the time, the history of Flint reveals a decades-long pattern of private and public collusion in the exploitation of city residents. The predominantly Black population of Flint has been tethered to derelict properties and excluded from opportunity through a process that Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor has termed “predatory inclusion.” In Race for Profit: How Banks and the Real Estate Industry Undermined Black Homeownership, she provides a productive addition to the necessary conversations on how the real estate industry and its racial and class dimensions factor into the creation of environmental crises.
NMDA Receptor Activation-Dependent Antidepressant-Relevant Behavioral and Synaptic Actions of Ketamine
Authors: Zanos Panos , Brown Kyle A. , Georgiou Polymnia , Yuan Peixiong , Zarate Carlos A. , Thompson Scott M. , Gould Todd D.
Published: January 2023

Ketamine is a well-characterized NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, although the relevance of this pharmacology to its rapid (within hours of administration) antidepressant actions, which depend on mechanisms convergent with strengthening of excitatory synapses, is unclear. Activation of synaptic NMDARs is necessary for the induction of canonical long-term potentiation (LTP) leading to a sustained expression of increased synaptic strength. We tested the hypothesis that induction of rapid antidepressant effects requires NMDAR activation, by using behavioral pharmacology, western blot quantification of hippocampal synaptoneurosomal protein levels, andex vivohippocampal slice electrophysiology in male mice. We found that ketamine exerts an inverted U-shaped dose-response in antidepressant-sensitive behavioral tests, suggesting that an excessive NMDAR inhibition can prevent ketamine's antidepressant effects. Ketamine's actions to induce antidepressant-like behavioral effects, up-regulation of hippocampal AMPAR subunits GluA1 and GluA2, as well as metaplasticity measuredex vivousing electrically-stimulated LTP, were abolished by pretreatment with other non-antidepressant NMDAR antagonists, including MK-801 and CPP. Similarly, the antidepressant-like actions of other putative rapid-acting antidepressant drugs (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine (ketamine metabolite), MRK-016 (GABAAα5 negative allosteric modulator), and LY341495 (mGlu2/3receptor antagonist) were blocked by NMDAR inhibition. Ketamine acted synergistically with an NMDAR positive allosteric modulator to exert antidepressant-like behavioral effects and activation of the NMDAR subunit GluN2A was necessary and sufficient for such relevant effects. We conclude rapid-acting antidepressant compounds share a common downstream NMDAR-activation dependent effector mechanism, despite variation in initial pharmacological targets. Promoting NMDAR signaling or other approaches that enhance NMDAR-dependent LTP-like synaptic potentiation may be an effective antidepressant strategy.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe anesthetic and antidepressant drug ketamine is well-characterized as an NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonist; though, the relevance and full impact of this pharmacology to its antidepressant actions is unclear. We found that NMDAR activation, which occurs downstream of their initial actions, is necessary for the beneficial effects of ketamine and several other putative antidepressant compounds. As such, promoting NMDAR signaling, or other approaches that enhance NMDAR-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP)-like synaptic potentiationin vivomay be an effective antidepressant strategy directly, or acting synergistically with other drug or interventional treatments.
Enhanced Reactivation of Remapping Place Cells during Aversive Learning
Authors: Ormond Jake , Serka Simon A. , Johansen Joshua P.
Published: January 2023

Study of the hippocampal place cell system has greatly enhanced our understanding of memory encoding for distinct places, but how episodic memories for distinct experiences occurring within familiar environments are encoded is less clear. We developed a spatial decision-making task in which male rats learned to navigate a multiarm maze to a goal location for food reward while avoiding maze arms in which aversive stimuli were delivered. Task learning induced partial remapping in CA1 place cells, allowing us to identify both remapping and stable cell populations. Remapping cells were recruited into sharp-wave ripples and associated replay events to a greater extent than stable cells, despite having similar firing rates during navigation of the maze. Our results suggest that recruitment into replay events may be a mechanism to incorporate new contextual information into a previously formed and stabilized spatial representation.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHippocampal place cells provide a map of space that animals use to navigate. This map can change to reflect changes in the physical properties of the environment in which the animal finds itself, and also in response to nonphysical contextual changes, such as changes in the valence of specific locations within that environment. We show here that cells which change their spatial tuning after a change in context are preferentially recruited into sharp-wave ripple-associated replay events compared with stable nonremapping cells. Thus, our data lend strong support to the hypothesis that replay is a mechanism for the storage of new spatial maps.
fmr1Mutation Alters the Early Development of Sensory Coding and Hunting and Social Behaviors in Larval Zebrafish
Authors: Zhu Shuyu I. , McCullough Michael H. , Pujic Zac , Sibberas Jordan , Sun Biao , Darveniza Thomas , Bucknall Bianca , Avitan Lilach , Goodhill Geoffrey J.
Published: January 2023

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are developmental in origin; however, little is known about how they affect the early development of behavior and sensory coding. The most common inherited form of autism is Fragile X syndrome (FXS), caused by a mutation inFMR1. Mutation offmr1in zebrafish causes anxiety-like behavior, hyperactivity, and hypersensitivity in auditory and visual processing. Here, we show that zebrafishfmr1−/− mutant larvae of either sex also display changes in hunting behavior, tectal coding, and social interaction. During hunting, they were less successful at catching prey and displayed altered behavioral sequences. In the tectum, representations of prey-like stimuli were more diffuse and had higher dimensionality. In a social behavioral assay, they spent more time observing a conspecific but responded more slowly to social cues. However, when given a choice of rearing environmentfmr1−/− larvae preferred one with reduced visual stimulation, and rearing them in this environment reduced genotype-specific effects on tectal excitability. Together, these results shed new light on howfmr1−/− changes the early development of neural systems and behavior in a vertebrate.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAutism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are caused by changes in early neural development. Animal models of ASDs offer the opportunity to study these developmental processes in greater detail than in humans. Here, we found that a zebrafish mutant for a gene which in humans causes one type of ASD showed early alterations in hunting behavior, social behavior, and how visual stimuli are represented in the brain. However, we also found that mutant fish preferred reduced visual stimulation, and rearing them in this environment reduced alterations in neural activity patterns. These results suggest interesting new directions for using zebrafish as a model to study the development of brain and behavior in ASDs, and how the impact of ASDs could potentially be reduced.
A Roadmap to Large-Scale Multi-Country Replications in Psychology
Authors: Jarke Hannes , Anand-Vembar Shaakya , Alzahawi Shilaan , Andersen Thomas Lind , Bojanić Lana , Carstensen Alexandra , Feldman Gilad , Garcia-Garzon Eduardo , Kapoor Hansika , Lewis Savannah , Todsen Anna Louise , Većkalov Bojana , Zickfeld Janis H. , Geiger Sandra J.
Published: January 2023

Classic findings from psychology and the behavioural sciences are increasingly being revisited. Methodological and technological advances provide opportunities to replicate studies across a wide range of countries and settings to investigate whether these findings are universally applicable, limited to specific countries, or vary in magnitude depending on settings. Researchers from around the world connect to revisit such findings collaboratively, adapt the original design to the Zeitgeist, integrate new knowledge to improve statistical analyses, and broaden the scope by testing effects globally – or at least in as many countries, as budget and feasibility allow. We currently observe multiple international consortia conducting large-scale multi-country replications. How do such collaborations form and how do they approach these complex investigations? This paper brings together researchers from different initiatives that conduct replications on an international scale to outline approaches and summarises what we have learned in applying them: Junior Researcher Programme (JRP), Psychological Science Accelerator (PSA), ManyBabies, Collaborative Open-science REsearch (CORE), and International Study of Metanorms (ISMN). We describe different ways for study selection, methodological approaches, statistical analyses, ethical issues, and most importantly, how the different collaborations formed and how team communication worked. We look in detail at challenges of including typically underrepresented countries in psychological science, not only in terms of data collection but also in making it possible for local researchers to contribute. This paper provides a structured insight into how different collaborations work and issues to consider for anyone who seeks to conduct a multi-country replication in psychology, or looking for additional perspectives to their existing plan. We close the article with a checklist built as a helpful tool for colleagues putting together their study protocols for such efforts – and invite them to collaboratively expand it in the future.
Beyond Group Mean Differences: A Demonstration With Scale Scores in Psychology
Authors: Uanhoro James Ohisei , Stone-Sabali Steven
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we present a model for comparing groups on scale score outcomes. The model has a number of features that make it desirable for analysis of scale scores. The model is based on ordinal regression, hence it is able to capture the shape of the data even when the data are highly discrete, or display marked ceiling or floor effects. Additionally, the model incorporates hierarchical modelling to create accurate summaries of the differences in the scale scores across groups. Statistically, the model assumes the data are ordinal, and hierarchically estimates the entire distribution of each group using factor smooths. Substantively, the model is capable of: estimating location-based, dispersion-based and ordinal descriptives estimates for each group; estimating the uncertainty about these estimates; and performing pairwise comparisons of the different estimates. The estimation method is Bayesian, however, we have created a GUI-based application that users may install on their computer to run the model, reducing the barrier to applying the method. The application takes in the raw data and user input, runs the model, and returns multiple model-based graphical summaries of patterns in the data, as well as tables for more precise reporting. We also share code that allows users extend the model to additional research contexts.
Persistent Partnerships: Collaborating for an Urban Park
Authors: Lashley Sarah E. , Gonzales Thea Danielle T.
Published: January 2023

As the environmental justice movement has gained recognition, community organizers, industry representatives, and public officials have increasingly been called upon to work together to address environmental injustices through collaborative problem-solving processes. However, collaborative processes do not inherently create just, equitable, and legitimate decision-making forums. The characteristics of environmental justice situations, such as past procedural injustices and high levels of distrust, may complicate such processes. Thus, an exploration of the factors that facilitate and impede collaboration in cases of environmental injustice is warranted. The case study of La Villita Park tells the story of how community-based organizations partnered with city and federal agencies to transform a contaminated site into a community park through collaborative problem-solving. The creation of La Villita Park represents a victory for environmental justice but also highlights the challenges and opportunities of using collaboration to achieve environmental justice. An examination of this case sheds light on the value of trusted and legitimate community leadership, the necessity of employing multiple organizing strategies to create space for community voices, and the importance of transparent communication across all parties. As a result of engaging with this case, readers will be able to explain and analyze how the challenges of collaboration in the environmental justice context manifest themselves and how they can be mitigated.
Plasma membrane topography governs the 3D dynamic localization of IgM B cell antigen receptor clusters
Authors: Saltukoglu Deniz , Özdemir Bugra , Holtmannspötter Michael , Reski Ralf , Piehler Jacob , Kurre Rainer , Reth Michael
Published: January 2023

B lymphocytes recognize bacterial or viral antigens via different classes of the B cell antigen receptor (BCR). Protrusive structures termed microvilli cover lymphocyte surfaces, and are thought to perform sensory functions in screening antigen‐bearing surfaces. Here, we have used lattice light‐sheet microscopy in combination with tailored custom‐built 4D image analysis to study the cell‐surface topography of B cells of the Ramos Burkitt's Lymphoma line and the spatiotemporal organization of the IgM‐BCR. Ramos B‐cell surfaces were found to form dynamic networks of elevated ridges bridging individual microvilli. A fraction of membrane‐localized IgM‐BCR was found in clusters, which were mainly associated with the ridges and the microvilli. The dynamic ridge‐network organization and the IgM‐BCR cluster mobility were linked, and both were controlled by Arp2/3 complex activity. Our results suggest that dynamic topographical features of the cell surface govern the localization and transport of IgM‐BCR clusters to facilitate antigen screening by B cells.
Targeting gut dysbiosis against inflammation and impaired autophagy in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Kalkan Hilal , Pagano Ester , Paris Debora , Panza Elisabetta , Cuozzo Mariarosaria , Moriello Claudia , Piscitelli Fabiana , Abolghasemi Armita , Gazzerro Elisabetta , Silvestri Cristoforo , Capasso Raffaele , Motta Andrea , Russo Roberto , Di Marzo Vincenzo , Iannotti Fabio Arturo
Published: January 2023

Nothing is known about the potential implication of gut microbiota in skeletal muscle disorders. Here, we provide evidence that fecal microbiota composition along with circulating levels of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and related metabolites are altered in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) compared with healthy controls. Supplementation with sodium butyrate (NaB) in mdx mice rescued muscle strength and autophagy, and prevented inflammation associated with excessive endocannabinoid signaling at CB1 receptors to the same extent as deflazacort (DFZ), the standard palliative care for DMD. In LPS‐stimulated C2C12 myoblasts, NaB reduces inflammation, promotes autophagy, and prevents dysregulation of microRNAs targeting the endocannabinoid CB1 receptor gene, in a manner depending on the activation of GPR109A and PPARγ receptors. In sum, we propose a novel disease‐modifying approach in DMD that may have benefits also in other muscular dystrophies.
The Properties of Particleboard Composites Made from Pleurotus ostreatus Baglog Waste Using Citric Acid and Sucrose Adhesive
Authors: Ningrum Riska Surya , Khairaummah Alfiani , Puspitasari Inneke , Bazhafah Ananda Suci , Ratnaningtyas Nuniek Ina , Mumpuni Aris , Ismadi Ismadi , Kusumah Sukma Surya
Published: January 2023

Pleurotus ostreatus (PO) is one of the edible mushrooms cultivated in baglog as the medium. Baglog’s productive age is around 4-5 weeks. The more PO produced, the amount of baglog waste also increases. The main component of baglog is wood sawdust, which contains lignocellulose; therefore, baglog has great potential to be used as a raw material for making particleboard. This research aims to make particleboard from baglog waste and determine the effect of the type and adhesive concentration on the physical and mechanical properties of the particleboard that is produced. Particleboard is made by mixing baglog waste, whose particle size is 40 mesh, with citric acid and sucrose adhesives whose concentrations are varied between 50%, 60%, and 70%. Furthermore, the particleboard was formed using a hot press machine (200 °C, 10 MPa) for 15 minutes. The obtained particleboard will be analyzed for its physical properties, including density, moisture content, water absorption, thickness swelling, morphology, and mechanical properties, including modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE). The test refers to the JIS A 5908-2003 type 8 standard.  As a result, particleboard made using citric acid adhesive (citric acid 70%; C70) has a better physical and mechanical properties compared to sucrose adhesive, with a density value of 0.86 g/cm³, moisture content of 4.118%, thickness expansion of 3.992%, water absorption capacity of 36.89%, 13.456%, MOR 9.682 MPa, and MOE 1.455 GPa.
Cidade, fronteira e arraigamento na lírica de María Rosa Lojo
Authors: Cárcano Enzo
Published: January 2023

Se ben a traxectoria lírica de María Lojo se inicia a mediados dos oitenta e se consolida no decenio seguinte, non se advirte nela a pegada urbana que tanto caracteriza a algúns dos seus contemporáneos, senón máis ben referencias populares e algo illadas. Con todo, é posíbel illar unha serie de composicións que cabería incluír dentro do que Cañas chama “poesía da cidade” e en cuxa sucesión cronolóxica se advirte a evolución da visión do suxeito do urbano, que primeiro é rexeitado como falsidade e algo alleo, e logo, de modo case oposto, a través da casa, é asumido como fogar. Esta transformación pode lerse como o desenvolvemento da idea de arraigo na poesía lojiana, concomitante á mutación da noción de fronteira que a percorre: de límite solitario a espazo de intercambio.