bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Culture and local wisdom of the lampung indigenous people on the Pesisir Barat in the utilization of the Repong Damar Agroforestry System
Authors: Fadela Yunika Sari  , Christine Wulandari  , Arief Darmawan  , Pitojo Budiono
Published: May 2024

Forest resources have a very important role in people's lives, both directly and indirectly. Agroforestry can be an interesting example in the production of timber and non-timber forest products. Agroforestry is an intensive land management system that combines forestry plants and agricultural plants to achieve optimal results, while still paying attention to aspects of land conservation and carrying out cultivation in accordance with the needs of local communities. Indigenous communities on the Pesisir Barat inherit the values of Repong Damar through unique management, which is based on local wisdom of the local area. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach using the research desk method. This study approach seeks to explore data from various sources as secondary data so that the main source of research data is obtained using the research desk method or Secondary Data Analysis (SDA) with qualitative data. Indigenous communities in Pesisir Barat Regency manage Repong Damar by applying traditional values, namely regulated through customary law, inheritance of Repong Damar, and values in managing Repong Damar as a guideline for not destroying forests and continuing to manage them properly. Therefore, granting utilization permits, collaborative implementation, partnerships, and cooperation in empowering indigenous communities through local culture and wisdom in utilizing agroforestry systems carried out around the Repong Damar customary forest can help maintain sustainability and the ecosystem within it.
Budget planning for an undergraduate course at a higher education institution
Authors: Pereira Silva Douglas , Alves Rosa Andréia , De Souza Rocha Júnior Paulo Roberto , Rodrigues Santos Wallace Fábio
Published: May 2024

Planning is crucial in the organizational context, especially budget planning, which aims to direct efforts to achieve objectives effectively. This study investigates the budget planning of undergraduate course coordinators in IES, considering the complexities involved. The research uses a qualitative approach, interviewing nine coordinators to understand their perspectives, difficulties, and financial strategies. The results show that, despite economic and institutional limitations, coordinators recognize the importance of budget planning for the growth of courses. They face challenges in budget execution, acquiring supplies, and adapting to the market. It is concluded that budget planning is fundamental to guide the growth of courses, and coordinators demonstrate skills and commitment to dealing with financial demands, seeking partnerships and innovative strategies. The research highlights the need for further studies for continuous improvements in IES.
Characterization of the domestic canine and feline population in the city of Mineiros/GO, Brazil
Authors: Paula Eric Mateus Nascimento de , Dall’Acqua Priscila Chediek , Borges Neto Américo Bruno , Back Luana , Silva Fábio Cabral da
Published: May 2024

The aim of the present study was to qualitatively and quantitatively characterize the domiciled population of dogs and cats in the city of Mineiros/GO. It is a basic, descriptive quali-quantitative research, through a population survey (animal census type). A total of 20,623 animals were counted, with 16,091 dogs and 4,532 cats. 43% were female dogs, 35.02% male dogs, 12.21% female cats, and 9.77% male cats. 73.89% of the population in this census is characterized as adult and 8.35% as elderly. 84.39% of dogs and cats are not neutered. Only 0.30% of animals have some form of identification (microchip or tattoo). 73.15% of animals were adopted, and 11.02% were born at home. 33.54% have supervised access, and in 27.91% of cases, access is unsupervised. 80.15% received some form of antiparasitic treatment in the last year. 58.57% of animals were vaccinated for rabies. 22.84% have never taken their pets to the veterinarian. The data found provide insights for the development of public policies aimed at controlling zoonoses, urban planning, and animal health in the municipality of Mineiros/GO.
Correlation between cytomegalovirus (CMV) viral load and mortality rate in individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Authors: Ramires Guirado Bruno , Oliveira Secchi Beatriz , Junqueira Miguita Gabriela , Gil Manhães Laura , Peregrino Rodrigues Lívia , Ferreira Silva Júnior Edivaldo , Federighi Baisi Chagas Eduardo , Helou Doca Heloisa
Published: May 2024

AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) stems from immune deficiency caused by HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). CMV (cytomegalovirus), opportunistic in HIV/AIDS patients, is associate with mortality at elevated viral loads in individuals with AIDS. Objective: accomplish an integrative review to analyze the relation between CMV viral load and mortality rate in patients with AIDS. Methods: Usage of full review was made by following the said steps: theme identification and research questions structuring; definition of inclusion criteria; selection of articles based on scientific data; evaluation and analysis of selected studies; result interpretation and display of the final full review; insert method description. Result: High CMV viral loads are associated with elevated mortality in individuals with AIDS. Conclusion: It confirms the presence of a correlation between an increase in CMV viral load and an increase in the mortality rate of immunosuppressed patients, associates with viral loads ≥ 1000 copies/ml, marking this as a risk cutoff.
The complex networks of an entrepreneurship and innovation ecosystem: proposal for a representation model
Authors: Simplício João Paulo dso Santos , Souza André Luís de , Cardoso Hugo Saba Pereira , Araújo Marcio Luís Valença
Published: May 2024

This article presents a proposal for a representation model of entrepreneurial innovation ecosystems, based on the Theory of Complex Networks, in order to understand the complexity of the relationships between its actors. The methodology used was a qualitative approach, of a bibliographic and documentary nature, which defined categorized axes based on the dimensions of politics, economy, culture, support institutions, human capital and access to the market, present in an entrepreneur. The model that will contribute to supporting the connections and dissemination of knowledge in an entrepreneurial innovation ecosystem, providing insights for its actors to analyze public policies based on their impact in terms of multidimensional development was applied in the city of Salvador/BA, as proof concept. Its application allowed the collection of mapping results from the main actors in the ecosystem of the capital of Bahia, in addition to identifying the dissemination of knowledge as an important dimension for the development of new actions and partnerships between them to foster innovation.
Relationship between body mass index and degree of adult psoriasis
Authors: Khusyasy Irhza Madani  , Yenny
Published: May 2024

Because of the current inconsistencies in the association between body mass index (BMI) and psoriasis severity, this study aimed to determine aforementioned association. This analytical observational study was conducted in a private hospital in West Java between August and December 2023 using data from medical records of 108 psoriasis cases recruited by simple random sampling. Data were collected on demographic characteristics (age, gender), BMI, and psoriasis severity. BMI was divided into categories following the WHO Asia Pacific region classification. Psoriasis severity was categorized as mild, moderate, and severe, and determined by means of Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scores. Data were analyzed by independent t test and Chi-squared tests. Mean age (± SD) of psoriasis subjects was 40.1 ±12.4 years, the most frequent gender was female with 73 (67.6%) subjects, and mean BMI was 25.2 ± 3.3 kg/m2. Fifty-six (51.9%) subjects were obese according to BMI, 24 (22.2%) subjects were overweight, and 28 (25.9%) subjects were of normal weight. A total of 47 (43.5%) subjects had severe psoriasis, followed by moderate psoriasis in 36 (33.3%) subjects, and mild psoriasis in 25 (23.1%) subjects. There was no significant correlation of BMI with psoriasis severity in subjects of productive age (p = 0.249). Healthy lifestyle and weight control are necessary in the management strategy of persons with psoriasis, because of the high prevalence of persons with psoriasis and obesity.
Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AML7) about a case
Authors: Kadiri Meryem  , Tlamçani Imane  , Amrani Moncef
Published: May 2024

Acute myeloid megakaryoblastic leukemia (AML7) is a rare and severe form of acute myeloid leukemia. Its diagnosis is based essentially on cytometric and cytogenetic data, given the complexity of morphological diagnosis. Myelofibrosis and osteolytic lesions may be a particular feature of AML7. Treatment with chemotherapy is considered, but the outcome is often unfavorable. The gold standard of treatment is bone marrow transplantation. Our article reports the case of an infant diagnosed with acute megakaryoblastic leukemia initially revealed by a bone marrow failure syndrome and aggravated by a cerebro-orbital extension with osteolytic lesions of the orbital cavity, treated with chemotherapy with a good clinical-biological evolution.
La sensibilità costituzionalistica della canonistica italiana anteriore al Vaticano II
Authors: Del Pozzo Massimo
Published: May 2024

The Constitutionalist Sensibility of Italian Canonists prior to Vatican II

ABSTRACT: The paper traces the main contributions of Italian canonists to canonical constitutionalism prior to Vatican II. Starting with Emmanuele de Sarzana’s textbook, it examines Giuseppe Forchielli’s proposal in the debate on the Ecclesiastical Law Archive and the approach of Bertola, Ragazzini and Ferrante’s texts. Special attention is paid to the foundations and contributions of the so-called Italian dogmatic school (Del Giudice, Giacchi, d’Avack and others). Systematic approach and dialogue with secular culture dispose to the acquisition of constitutionalist categories; however, mature and thoughtful elaborations of the modern constitutional approach are not yet found. Prior to the Second Vatican Council, the ecclesiological and conceptual premises (fundamental equality and charismatic variety) for a change of approach to canonical juridicity are lacking. The hierarchical structural and organizational aspect tends to prevail over the centrality of the person and the community. The juridical-dogmatic imprint, purified of positivistic and structuralist deviations, can form the basis for the maturation of a constitutional paradigm.
SOMMARIO - 1. Il senso di una ricerca storica parziale e settoriale - 2. Un antesignano del sistema costituzionale? - 3. La proposta del Forchielli e il dibattito coevo - 4. L’esplicita emersione dell’esigenza costituzionale - 4.1. Il corso di Bertola - 4.2. L’indagine sulla potestà di Ragazzini - 4.3. La ‘Summa juris constitutionalis Ecclesiae’ del Ferrante - 5. Il contesto stimolante della dottrina laica italiana e la teoria sull’ordinamento canonico - 6. I limiti dell’impostazione costituzionalistica anteriore al Vaticano II - 7. Il legato di un approccio culturale originale.
I referendum sulla modifica dell’art. 41 della Costituzione irlandese
Authors: Rimoldi Tiziano
Published: May 2024

The referendums on the modification of art. 41 of the Irish Constitution

ABSTRACT: The aim of this essay is to describe and briefly analyse the events that lead to the referendum aiming to modify art. 41 of the Irish Constitution, and the position adopted by some important denominations towards the vote.
SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione - 2. Gli antecedenti - 3. La Citizens’ Assembly on Gender Equality - 4. Verso il referendum - 5. Il testo dei referendum - 6. Le confessioni religiose e i referendum - 7. Il voto - 8. Alcune brevi considerazioni.
Trace elements and nutrients in white poplar trees affected by the Aznalcóllar mine spill
Authors: Madejón P.
Published: May 2024

Nutrient and trace element concentrations in leaves and branches of poplar (Populus alba L.) have been studied two years after the Aznalcóllar mine spill. The soils of the Guadiamar channel (where poplar was sampled) were still greatly polluted by trace elements, due in part to the difficulty for cleaning up these particular sites. However, nutrient contents (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) of the plants were not affected by the soil pollution. Sulphur content was high in the affected trees, however, the concentrations were not toxic for the physiology of the plant. In general, As, Cd, Pb and Tl contents were in the normal range for plants and did not reach phytotoxic levels. Only Zn could be somewhat excessive for some particular trees. Although trace element contents do not seem to be worrying for white poplar, a continuous monitorization is advisable.
Interaction Provenance-Age in 52 provenances of Pinus pinaster Ait. in Spain
Authors: Alia R. , Gil L. , Pardos J. A. , Catalan G.
Published: May 2024

The paper present results of an all range Pinus pinaster provenances study in Spain (42 Spanish, 2 Portuguese, 5 French and 1 Italian provenances), conducted in a four-replicated complete block design provenance test. Height growth for each provenance is analized at 1, 5, 14 and 18 years after planting. Comparisons of height at different ages show that selection of best provenances at 18 years old could be made at 5 years old, if the number of provenances is not too small (> 10 p. 100). Height growth at different ages is also studied like a provenance-site interaction. Joint regression analysis show a geographical distribution of provenances using two parameters: Provenance height at 5 years old and regression coefficient of the provenance height on the height mean of the test (bi).
Land Classification of Spain: A Flexible Sclae Multifactor Framework for Forestry Purposes
Authors: Elena R. , Tella G.
Published: May 2024

A nation-wide Land Classification of Spain useful for renewable resources assessment, inventory and research, has been developed at INIA after several successful experiences carried out at regional level. The construction of this classification mainly aimed to provide a land model based on physical factors with undoubted forestry significance that are nonchanging at human life span. Because of the size of Spain (504.750 km2), its ecological diversity and available cartographic information, we had to design an original land classification method showing he following features: a) Divisive hierarchical multifactor framework in four progressive phases with increasing resolution power (25, 4, 1 and 0,25 km2 sample size) ad source map scale (1/400.000, 1/200.000, 1/50.000 and 1/10.000), and decreasing land coverage in accordance with land variability. b) Climatic, geological, and physiographic attributes actively used in land classes definition process, and biological, current land use, soil or remote sensing information passively used as land classes test. c) Twinspan multivariate analysis applied in order (1) to detect the main existing multifactor gradient (2) to arrange and classify the sample squares (3) to identify squares throughout the analysed land using a reduced number of indicator attributes. In the first phase, an ecoregionalization process took place, and eight main ecoregions were defined and delimited by means of 570 sample squares of 25-km2 size, characterized by 174 climatic, geological, and physiographic attributes. The resulting ecoregions showed highly significant correlation with phytosciological taxa distribution. The second phase has been developed separately for each ecoregion. After its completion, 252 Land Classes have been defined using a systematically selected sample of 5450 squares of 4 km2. Afterwards, 125000 squares have been identified and all the Spanish Land Classes were mapped and forestry characterized by means of an ARC-INFO Geographical Information System. The obtained framework can be used in different scale forest studies. At present, it has been successfully used in studies on native and nonnative forests (Pinus nigra plantations, Quercus suber woodlots, etc.). Important ecological and silvicultural features have appeared highly dependent on the Land Classification. As a consequence, land suitability maps for different forestry purposes have been designed.
Seed source trials of Eucalyptus grandis in Argentina
Authors: Marco M. A.
Published: May 2024

E. grandis trees from seed sources from Australia, South Africa, Zimbabwe and Argentina were planted at two locations in the Mesopotamia Argentina. At age 5.5 years, significant differences in growth were detected among seed sources. Considering growth rate, origins from southeastern Queensland and New South Wales, in Australia and improved seed from South Africa, were considered good choices for planting in subtropical areas of the Mesopotamia Argentina.
Importance of draft animals in timber harvesting practices in developing countries
Authors: Cordero W. G.
Published: May 2024

For centuries, draft animals have been used in agriculture and forest operations. Their importance is more evident in developing countries, where animals are the principal source of traction. Animals provide important benefits in terms of their low cost, because they cause very little environmental damage, because they use mainly local inputs, and because they are better adapted to small scale operations. In this paper, characteristics and limitations of the use of oxen in logging operations in Costa Rica, are discussed. Some research results that have contributed to reduce these limitations and make the operations more efficient, are also presented. Finally, results of time/production studies is included. This information is compared with the costs from larger logging operations in which mechanized harvesting systems are used.
Study of damage produced by a wildfire in trees, by means of bioelectric methods. I. Radiata pine
Authors: Bara S. , Vega J. A. , Alonso M.
Published: May 2024

A plot of P. radiata was burned in the same conditions of a summer wildfire. Close to this site was placed another plot as control. Tree fire damage was followed by phloem conductivity measure, by biocurrents production and the use of square waves. The conductivity permits to distinguish well among damaged trees and controls. Burned trees have a lower conductivity than controls. Biocurrent is little higher in damaged trees; nevertheless its signification is less than conductivity. Square waves, with the 1 probe method, produce very significant results. The output voltage for damaged trees, in the range on frequencies used (50, 1K and 50 KHz) is lower than in controls. The ratio V50/V50k is higher in burned trees. With the 3 probe method, for the first months, the average value of output voltage is higher in burned trees, but this situation is reversed later. The ratio V50/V50k is higher in damaged trees, during all the trial. Several ratios among results, are proposed for damage characterization. With the results of 1S probe measurements, obtained a month after burning, it was possible to predict the tree survival.
Estimation of the growing stem volume in a sampling inventory of a beech forest in Navarre
Authors: Cuevas J. M. , Barrios S.
Published: May 2024

The results obtained using two different methodologies in the computation of the growth volume in a double sampling inventory of a beech forest in Navarra are presented. In one of such methodologies it is supossed that the diameter increments are not available. The models used in the construction of the ecuations of growth volume are presented. The articles ends analizing the costs of both methodologies and suggesting the stratification of the type trees to be felled previously to the construction of the ecuation of growth volume.
Leaf area index (LAI) assessment in Pinus elliottii var. elliottii and Pinus taeda plantations
Authors: Dalla Tea F. , Jokela E. J.
Published: May 2024

Leaf area index was estimated in 6 yr-old slash (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) and loblolly pine (P. taeda) plantations, affected by intensive fertilization and weed control. Three indirect approaches were applied: two yr needlefall production, dimensional analysis and canopy light interception measurements. Similar results were obtained with all 3 methods, with leaf area index ranging from 2.2 to 5.6 for slash pine and 1.5 to 10.3 for loblolly pine. Estimates of monthly variation in leaf area, using the canopy interception technique, were not accurate due to the clumpiness of these pines foliage. Needlefall nitrogen turnover, used as index of soil nutrient condition, explained the 97% of the leaf area variation. Aboveground net primary production (needlefalls mass + annual biomass increment) was positively related to foliar surface. This relationship implied a higher efficiency of loblolly pine (i.e. greater net primary production for the same leaf area index) compared with slash pine.
The fire and soil macromicete's response in a Pinus pinaster stand
Authors: Fernandez de Ana Magan F. J. , Rodriguez A.
Published: May 2024

The behavior of fungi colonies in the soil in a Pinus pinaster stand with wild or prescribed fire is clearly differential. Differences, possibly related to the substrate where they grow, between mycorrhizal and suprohitic fungi are also observed. Wild fire massively destroys macromycete fungi. Prescribed fire doesn't affect micorrhizal fungi negatively. On the level of species the colonizing behavior of Laccaria ohiensis and of Xerocomus badius after wild fire should be noted. Using prescribed fire the evolution of 17 macromicete species is studied, Xerocomus badius, Tricholoma saponaceum and Laccaria laccata excelling in their production increment.
Specific gravity and volumetric shrinkage variability in Prosopis wood
Authors: Perpiñan E. , Pietrarelli L.
Published: May 2024

Wood specific gravity and volumetric contraction were examined in Prosopis flexuosa and Prosopis nigra trees from western areas of Province of Cordoba (Argentinian dry Chaco). The variation of these properties were analized among species, among trees within a species, and within the tree (at different heights). Prosopis flexuosa originated from seed and coppice were also examined. There were significant statistical differences (α=0.10) between the basal and central portion of the stem. The highest variation was observed among trees within a species. There were not significant statistical differences between species (Pr. flexuosa and Pr. nigra) and between differents origin (seed and coppice) in Prosopis flexuosa. These Prosopis species have a high specific wood gravity and good dimensional stability.
A Qualitative Methodologic Proposal to describe regeneration on Nothofagus pumilio forests
Authors: Carabelli F. A. , Getar E.
Published: May 2024

It's presented a new methodologic proposal to be applied in Nothofagus pumilio forests. It arranged by relating on a qualitative way, certain regeneration variables with canopy cover and understory abundance. The field evaluation is quick and it is suggested like an accomplishment of large studies such as Forest Inventories, installation of Permanent Sample Plots and others. The information processing and evaluation allows to build Position and Surface Diagrams and to structure Decision Zones by means of double way numeric charts which relate two variables as average percentage frequencies of the sample. These values are then extended to management surface. Every Decision Zone is a cluster of similar situations that can be under the same silvicultural treatment. The Zones lead the forester towards the most convenient treatment but they must be accompanied by dendrometric analysis.
Environmental impact of eucalyptus plantations: analysis of rural people's opinion in Cantabria (Spain)
Authors: Saiz de Omeñaca J. , Gomez Martinez D. , Reimat M. J. , Saiz de Omeñaca M. G. , Solar M. , Martin Hernandez A. , Saiz de Omeñaca J. A.
Published: May 2024

A public-opinion poll about what the rural population in Cantabria thinks of the influence exerted by eucaliptus groves on the physical environment shows that, even though their power to affect water, fauna and, to a certain extent, the quality of the landscape is accepted as true, only a scanty minority of that population believes that eucaliptus groves influence soil as well. It is also remarkable that, apart from a minority of people, the population inquired does not seem to be worried about either the quality of the landscape or the risk of forest fires or the protecting strength of forest land. They are quite a lot more sensitive to anything that has to do with yields or possible losses.
Allometric equations with three variables: volume, growth and bark estimationn for the main Spanish tree species
Authors: Martinez Millan J. , Ara Lazaro P. , Gonzalez Doncel I.
Published: May 2024

Some allometric functions with three predicting variables are presented, providing for the most common species of the Spanish managed forests the following items: stem volume, annual increment, bark percentage. The use of these functions of general scope, allows to replace measurements on, felled trees for the measurement on standing trees of the following predicting variables: b.h. diamete, total height, diameter at 4 m height, bark thickness, diameter increment of last 5 or 10 years. From these measurements, analytically, management tarif-tables can be obtained for the calculation of volume, increment, an bark.
Aerial biomass production of brush in northeastern Mexico
Authors: Dantte G. S. , Alfonso M. M.
Published: May 2024

An area of natural vegetation with bush dominance was studied under two forestry treatments. The first one was clear cutting, in which vegetation was under the direct influence of sunlight. The second treatment was shaded, in which vegetation was under the shade effects caused by a tree layer, with a cover of 51 p. 100. For both treatment cuttings were done 20 cm above the soil surface. To each treatment, 1, 2, 3 and 4 cuttings were applied each year. Total aerial biomass production for clear cutting (4.7 t/ha/year) resulted in significantly more abundant biomass than the shaded treatment (2.0 t/ha/year) (P < 0.05). Different cutting frequencies produced significant differences in mean biomass production in the shaded treatment (P < 0.05). Species that produced more aerial biomass in both treatments were Acacia berlandieri, Viguera stenoloba, Pithecellobium pallens, Acacia rigidula, Cordia boissieri, Eysenhardtia polystachya and Celtis pallida.
Characterization of the Pinus radiata population in the Basque Country (Spain) by RAPDs
Authors: Aragones A. , Espinel S. , Ritter E.
Published: May 2024

A total of 27 genotypes belonging to the three natural populations of Pinus radiata in California ("Año Nuevo, "Monterey", "Cambria") and to the Basque population were analyzed. The PCR reaction was used with 22 decamer oligonucleotides of different random sequences. Nineteen out of 22 decamers generated a total of 188 amplified fragments (RAPD). This information was used to estimate genetic distances and to construct phylogenetic trees of the population used. The obtained results indicate that this type of molecular markers is efficient and reliable to distinguish populations of this species, and that it is possible to assign the Basque population to the provenance of "Año Nuevo" from California.
Influence of growth rate in density and mechanical properties of sawn timber
Authors: Fernandez-Golfin J. I. , Diez M. R.
Published: May 2024

Mechanical quality of structural timber (50 mm x 150 mm x 3200 mm) is assessed by means of growth rates in different softwoods (P. radiata, P. pinaster, P. sylvestris), most of them fast growing species, and hardwoods (Populus sp. and Eucalyptus globulus) growing in Spain. The utility of using average density instead of growth rate is also assessed. Growth rate did not appreciably influence the density and bending properties of timber, and so its utility of prediction of mechanical quality of timber is very low.
Dendrochronologies of the Eastern Galician Mountain Ranges: Ancares and Courel (Lugo, Spain)
Authors: Perez Antelo A. , Fernandez Cancio A.
Published: May 2024

This paper presents the first results of a dendrochronological study carried out in the Eastern Galician Mountain Ranges: Seera de Courel and Serra dos Ancares. Four chronologies were obtained and synchronized, their pointer years were compared among them as well as with those from other Euroepan chronologies are presented. The analysis of some of thir major variables show the possibility to include them in other Spanish and European chronologies and allows us to start a further dendroclimatological study.
Optimizing inventories for forest management: A study case in Durango, México
Authors: Aguirre O. A. , Jimenez Perez J. , Meraz B.
Published: May 2024

Using a sampling plot simulator of fized and variable dimensions for forest inventories, it was carried out an evaluation of different plot sizes and diverse basal area factors. Study area was a Pinus cooperi Blanco stand in the region of El Salto, Durango, México. Plot sizes of 0.01 to 0.1 ha, in intervals of 0.01 ha, as well as the basal area factor of 1 to 10 were simulated. The optimal plot size was 0.05 ha. On the most accurate basal area factor no conclusive results were obtained, given the fact that factors 1 and 2 were not evaluated.
Forest age influence on the evolution of Alnus acuminata litter dry wight lost in alder forest of Tucuman province (Argentina)
Authors: Aceñolaza P. G. , Gallardo-Lancho J. F.
Published: May 2024

The decomposition rate of the leaves of Alnus acuminata H.B.K. spp. acuminata was studied during a two year period using litter bag procedure. The experiment was performed in three different aged forest (5-10, 20-25 and 40-45 years) stands located in San Javier hills (province of Tucuman, Argentine). A regression between the remanent percentage of dry matter versus the time was made, adjusting the curve to a exponential model. The pattern of decomposition showed the more important losses of weight during the first 30 days, decreasing the rate of decomposition later on. Highly significant differences were observed between the 20-25 years old forest against the two others. The lowest rates of decomposition in the young forest could be atributed to the low substrate cover, whereas in the old forest could be by the low pH of the soil epipedon which decreases during the succession. Decomposition rates are similar or little slow to those obtained by other authors working on the same genera.
Thermal measurement of sap flow applied to the study of the water withdrawal from trees: literature review and method improvement
Authors: Gonzalez Garcia M. A. , Paz Gonzalez A. , Castelao Gegunde A.
Published: May 2024

In this work various thermal methods now available for estimating xylem sap flow are reviewed. A cheap measuring devie involving two thermal sensors (copper-constantan thermocouples), one of which is conected to a constantan heat source, was performed. Sensors are inserted into the xylem to measure temperatura changes into the sap. Subsequent estimation of the volumetric sap flow rate by this method requires no calibration since empirical coefficients are available form the literature. The improved device was tested for estimating the hourly and daily transpiration rate of a birch tree in a field situation. Results show that the thermal sensor provides satisfactory transpiration estimates for individual trees under high and medium flow rate conditions.
Silvicultural typification of the pine-oak mixed stands in the Sistema Ibérico: Forestry potentiality determination
Authors: Gonzalez Molina J. M.
Published: May 2024

This paper describes the first part of a study on the possibilities of silvicultural management of mixed pine (Pinus sylvestris L., Pinus pinaster Ait. and Pinus nigra Arn.) and oak (Quercus pyrenaica Willd.) stands in Middle Spain. These mixed stands are the result of transformation plans of the 60-70s from oak coppice-stands in pine stands. The first research step was the typification of this forest by stand quality (site index + stem quality), percentage and type of mixture into mixed forest subtypes. Through 30 experimental plots stand structure, stem quality and vitality of the oaks were studied. The stands are characterized by a high percentage of oak in the dominan layer (40-50 p. 100), principally good site qualities by oak and a sufficient percentage of well formed stems for production of saw timber. This results points out the importance of concieving diferentiated silvicultural management systems, in order to adapt the practical management to real site conditions, as well to diverse percentages, distribution and quality of mixed species.
Performance of Pinus pinaster Ait. provenances in Central Spain
Authors: Alia R. , Moro J.
Published: May 2024

This paper analyses the performance of 52 provenances of Pinus pinaster (44 Spanish, three french, two portuguese, two moroccan and one italian) planted in five sites in Central Spain. The design used is a randomized complete block design, with four blocks and 16 trees/plot. The traits measured and analysed at 18 years after planting were survival, total height, diameter, volume and frequency of polycyclysm. The heritabilities for all the traits were above 0.5. The site factor has a lower importance in polycyclysm and survival than in the other traits. The component due to the provenance-site interaction stresses the existence of a diferential performance among provenances. Pinus pinaster displays a high genetic variation among provenances in all the traits analysed. The Atlantic provenances have the highest height and diameter growth with a low degree of polycyclysm, but are poorly adapted to the sites with the longest dry period. Mountain provenances (AV1, SO1, CU), have a good performance in all the five sites, as well as two artificial provenances (CR and GR2). Several artificial populations widely used for afforestation purposes in Spain (SG3, LE) display a poor height growth, below the mean of all the provenances analysed.
Diametrica growth of two crown classes on half site quality Nothofagus pumilio forests in Santa Cruz (Argentina)
Authors: Peri P. L. , Martinez Pastur G. J.
Published: May 2024

Nothofagus pumilio is the species of largest geographical distribution and economical importance of Patagonia forests. There are few biometric related to the Patagonia forest management planning. Then, the aim of this work coas to construct individual growth models in diameter for different crown classes of medium quality site (IS60 = 9,8 m) N. pumilio forest in Santa Cruz Province (Argentina). The Chapman-Richards model showed good biological significance and statistics. Diameter growth had different behaviour according to the crown classes. The peak of the growth was at 62 and 52 years for the superior and inferior strata, being the maximal averages growth of 0.305 cm/year for dominant trees and of 0,12 cm/year for intermediate trees. The indirect validation of volumetric growth of the threw an error that varied between the 2.5 p. 100 and 20 p. 100
Forescasting forest growth of unevenaged forest stands based on fitting diameter distribution functions in southeastern Sinaloa, Mexico
Authors: Navar J. , Jimenez J. , Dominguez P. A. , Aguirre O. A. , Galvan M. , Paez A.
Published: May 2024

This study was conducted to develop a forest growth model with information collected from conventional forest inventories in southeastern Sinaloa, Mexico. The growth model was developed with data from 80 sample plots, which were sampled in a systematic pattern and classified in 10 age classes. The model was based on fitting a diameter distribution function to diametric classes of unevenaged forest stands. The diameter classes were characterized by the three-parameter Weibull probability density function. The location, shape, and scale parameters of the Weibull distribution, as well as the number of trees per ha and total height were statistically related to average stand diameter at breast height. Predicting average diameter at breast height results in estimates of total wood volumen and the diameter class distribution. The error effect by forescasting these parameters was evaluated as a function of the total wood volume by sensitivity analysis. Total wood volume was estimated with the predicted parameters plus one standard error. These preliminary results showed that the growth model can be used to forescast forest growth of irregular forest stands with data collected from conventional forest inventories of southeastern Sinaloa, Mexico. The model estimated total wood volume with a deviation of less than 4 p. 100 in comparison to the estimate of total wood volume by another more conventional procedure. Sensitivity analysis had errors in total wood volume of 10, 2, 9, 10 and 4 p. 100 considering the standard error of the shape, scale, location, average number of trees per ha and average trunk height parameters, respectively. The proposed growth model could be further refined by classifying the sampling plots by site index and floristic composition.
Dendroclimatological reconstructions in Galicia (Spain) since the last years of the XVIII century
Authors: Perez Antelo A. , Fernandez Cancio A.
Published: May 2024

This paper analizes three monthly total rainfalls and six monthly mean temperatures of the Santiago de Compostela (University), Lugo and La Coruña meteorological stations. The data were reconstructed using gour Quercus and Castanea sativa chornologies carried out in Lugo, Pontevedra and La Coruña provinces. Variable reconstructions and information about mean deviations are presented. Similar results are obtained when the reconstructions were compared each other and with climatic information. During the past two centuries, temperature and rainall variables are characterized by a gradual heating, with some cold periods, and progressive irregular rainfall. Both, temperature and rainfall, appear to be rising at the reconstructed stations for the two last decades.
Initial survival and growth of a forest plantation with Pinus halepensis Mill., Pinus eldarica Medw., and Pinus brutia Ten. compared with seedlings Pinus estevezii (Mart.) Perry established naturally in Northeastern México
Authors: Dominguez A. , Navar J. , Jimenez J.
Published: May 2024

The objectives of this study were: 1) to compare height growth of the naturally regenerated native coniferous species Pinus estevezii (Mart.) Perry with the height growth of three Mediterranean pine species(Pinus halepensis Mill., Pinus eldarica Medw. and Pinus brutia Ten.; and 2) to evaluate the survival rate of the Mediterranean pine species planted in a degraded forest stand by poor forest management and overgrazing practices in the eastern Sierra Madre of the State of Nuevo León, Mexico. Comparisons in height growth were conducted by a covariance analysis using the age as a covariate, comparing the slopes of regression models. Age and height for each species fitted better power regression functions and t tests for the slopes indicated that the rate of height growth was higher for the native naturally regenerated pine species. Between the Mediterranean pine species there was no statistical difference in this growth parameter, although P. halepensis had a higher growth rate than the rest of these plant species. The survival rate, by 1995, was 63, 47 and 28 p. 100 for P. halepensis, P. brutia and P. eldarica respectively. This information showed that is is feasible to reforest degraded forest stands with Mediterranean pine species, which may partially promote natural regeneration of the native pine species P. estevezii in Northeastern Mexico.
Effects of thinning on snow damage in Pinus sylvestris L.
Authors: Del Rio M. , Montero G. , Ortega C.
Published: May 2024

The extraordinary damage caused by snow on January 1996 in Scots pine stands in the Sistema Central (Central Spain) are analysed. Data from two thinning experiences carried out in 44 and 60 years old stands have been used. Damage was greater in the crown thinning and control treatment (no thinning plots), compared with low thinning plots. Results clearly show a decrease on snow damage with increasing low thinning intensity. The effects of low thinning on stand stability is related with the lower growing stock, the removal of smaller and suppresed trees, and the lower risk of damage of the remaining stand. The individual susceptibility to snow damage decreases with decreasing height-diameter ratio, increasing diameter, and increasing lenght of green crown.
Weed control and light and water competition in the establishment of a natural stand of Pinus patula in Mexico
Authors: Angeles G. , Velazquez A. , Vargas J. , Velazquez J.
Published: May 2024

This study was conducted in a natural regeneration area of Pinus patula to evaluate the effect of weed competition on photosynthetically active radiation, soil water content, and plant water potential in a two year-old Pinus patula seedlings. Using a complete randomized experimental design trhee treatments of weed control, consisting in manual weed control every two, four and six months, were tested against no weed control. Results indicated that a high weed density in the stand decreased the soil water moisture, the low levels of water negatively affecting the water potential in Pinus patula seedlings, particularly during the dry season. A high weed density caused a dramatic reduction of the photosynthetically active radiation reaching the soil, thus increasing the light competition between pine seedlings and weeds.
Managerial and institutional factors affect prescribed burning costs: United States of America case
Authors: Gonzalez-Caban A.
Published: May 2024

Prescribed burning costs are extremely variable, even if conditions are similar. This variability complicates planning and evaluation of prescribed burning programs and budgets, resulting in imprecise projections of their economic benefits. Evaluating the worth of prescribed burning efforts in objective terms is difficult, but the continual shrinkage of USDA Forest Service budgets requires an increase in program efficiency and understanding the causes of variability for prescribed burning costs. An analysis of variance model was used to describe and quantify the relative effect of managieral and institutional factors, such as smoke emission limitations or the constraint to control all types of fires, on prescribed burning costs. Data were collected by using a questionnaire to fire and fuel managers in the USDA Forest Service's Northern, Intermountain, and Pacific Northwest Regions. Estimated prescribed burning costs were significantly affected by changes in the managerial and institutional factors, such as minimizing escape potential of complying with smoke emission standards presented to these fire managers. Contrary to our expectations, burn objective (the main reason for conducting the burn) was not a significant cost factor. Unit size of the burned area affected prescribed burning costs more than either change in slope or unit shape, both of which increase the amount of burn perimeter relative to the area burned. Costs per acre demonstrated economies-of-scale: the larger the unit burned, the lower its per acre cost.
Influence of certain silvicultural variables in the Phellinus pini white-rot on Pinus pinea
Authors: Garcia Güemes C. , Montero G.
Published: May 2024

Phellinus pini (Brot.: Fr.) Ames is the most frequent wood decay fungus in Stone Pine forests (Pinus pinea) in Valladolid province (Central-North Spain). Great volumes of wood are affected by this white-pocket rot fungus, depreciating its values. Massive attacks are achieved from 80 yeard-old stands, although the disease can be found even in 30 year-old trees. The aim of this paper it to identify those silvicultural patterns affecting most the decay within the stand. Data has been collected 655 trees in 131 plots (five per plot). The rot level in the plot has been evaluated with an index (IP), aggregating the different individual level of attack of the five trees. Age, dominant height and basal area showed strong influence on the development of the attack, also closely related with site index. Based on discriminant analysis tecniques, a predictive model to determine the level of the attack is developed.
Species cover and composition of mesomediterranean siliceous soils shrubs, in which bulldocer scalping plus full subsoiling reforestation preparatory practices has been done in «el Andévalo», Huelva province, Spain
Authors: Jerez Fernandez A. , Lopez Pantoja G.
Published: May 2024

Has been studied the influence of the laboured, bulldocer scalping plus full subsoiling, in the presence of characteristic species of the mesomediterranean siliceous soils shrubs of “the Andévalo” in Huelva. The study is set in the Council “Cabezas Rubias”, province of Huelva, on a Pinus pinea reforestation, eight years after the bulldocer scalping and subsoiling previous plantation labours, were done, the total shrub cover has been estimated and compared as the addiction of its specific covers in the situations: 1) Grown shrubs after the considered preparatory treatment; 2) Shrubs presence in close areas without reforestation, therefore without any preparatory practice for reforestation. From the statistical analysis, no relation was obtained in the total cover variable with the applied treatment, it can be concluded that the only species which reduces its presence (in a 65.56%) is Cistus ladanifer. The specific cover average representation increases in Erica australis (33.90%), Erica umbellata (84.01%) and in all the flora components from the “Other species” group, composed by Halimium ocymoides, Genista triacanthos and Lavandula stoechas. In this group, Genista triacanthos and Lavandula stoechas didn’t appeared in the testigo shrub, appearing with low representation after the reforestation labours studied.
Pedological conditions in natural forest systems of wet - mild climate
Authors: De Petre A. A. , Casermeiro J. R. , Spahn E. H. , Valenti R. A.
Published: May 2024

This is study from the comparison between the characteristics of soil water and the content of nutritious under two different situation: soil with forest vegetation and soils without forest vegetation. We were done a following of date of pedological wet, organic matter, pH, nitrogen and phosphorus content. The work was done in Bovril Town (situated in North West Province Entre Ríos, Argentine, 31° 22’ S.L. and 59° 30’W. L. The soils were belong to the serie San Carlos (Vertic Argiudol). The control meditions were done under six (6) situations in forest zone and without forest zone There was an increase in the pedological wet in forest zone up to 70 mean while the zone without forest was up to 40 cm. At this point there was a decrease up to 130 cm (maximum deep of medition). The humidity loss in 40 cm X = 2,35 % (forest zone) and the X = 3,95 % zone without forest. The organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus level indicated dates higher in the soils with forest vegetation than in the soils without forest vegetation; these dates suggest a sustainable in the forest systems in wet -mild climate.