bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
No Significant Differences in Muscle Growth and Strength Development When Consuming Soy and Whey Protein Supplements Matched for Leucine Following a 12 Week Resistance Training Program in Men and Women: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Lynch Heidi M. , Buman Matthew P. , Dickinson Jared M. , Ransdell Lynda B. , Johnston Carol S. , Wharton Christopher M.
Published: June 2020

There are conflicting reports regarding the efficacy of plant versus animal-derived protein to support muscle and strength development with resistance training. The purpose of this study was to determine whether soy and whey protein supplements matched for leucine would comparably support strength increases and muscle growth following 12 weeks of resistance training. Sixty-one untrained young men (n = 19) and women (n = 42) (18–35 year) enrolled in this study, and 48 completed the trial (17 men, 31 women). All participants engaged in supervised resistance training 3×/week and consumed 19 grams of whey protein isolate or 26 grams of soy protein isolate, both containing 2 g (grams) of leucine. Multi-level modeling indicated that total body mass (0.68 kg; 95% CI: 0.08, 1.29 kg; p < 0.001), lean body mass (1.54 kg; 95% CI: 0.94, 2.15 kg; p < 0.001), and peak torque of leg extensors (40.27 Nm; 95% CI: 28.98, 51.57 Nm, p < 0.001) and flexors (20.44 Nm; 95% CI: 12.10, 28.79 Nm; p < 0.001) increased in both groups. Vastus lateralis muscle thickness tended to increase, but this did not reach statistical significance (0.12 cm; 95% CI: −0.01, 0.26 cm; p = 0.08). No differences between groups were observed (p > 0.05). These data indicate that increases in lean mass and strength in untrained participants are comparable when strength training and supplementing with soy or whey matched for leucine.
Analysis of Well-Being and Anxiety among University Students
Authors: Dias Lopes Luis Felipe , Chaves Bianca Michels , Fabrício Adriane , Porto Adriana , Machado de Almeida Damiana , Obregon Sandra Leonara , Pimentel Lima Mauren , Vieira da Silva Wesley , Camargo Maria Emilia , da Veiga Claudimar Pereira , de Moura Gilnei Luiz , Costa Vieira da Silva Luciana Santos , Flores Costa Vânia Medianeira
Published: June 2020

This article aims to interrelate dimensions of the well-being validation instruments proposed by Watson, Clark and Tellegen (PANAS) with generalized anxiety dimensions proposed by Spitzer et al. (GAD-7) and state-trait anxiety inventories proposed by Biaggio and Natalício (IDATE), using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), in the case of individual university students in southern Brazil and the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. We conducted a behavioral study, characterized as exploratory-descriptive, by applying a questionnaire survey to collect data though face-to face interviews to a group of 460 university students from June to August 2019. A non-probabilistic sampling method for convenience was used, justified by the heterogeneous incidence of the participants. Our results support most of the proposed hypotheses. Only one hypothesis was rejected, i.e., that the Positive Affection Scale (WBS) is not related to the State Anxiety Inventory (IAE)—when a person is feeling in full activity, this situation does not affect the momentary state, characterized by tension, apprehension and by increased activity in the autonomic nervous system. In terms of the subjective well-being of students, 14.13% were found to have a low rating. 86.74% were found to have generalized anxiety; 75% had trait anxiety, and 80.22% had state anxiety. Our results indicate the need for preventive measures to minimize anxiety and help maintain necessary levels of well-being during this phase of academic development and when forging a professional career. It is expected that new studies will contribute to the advancement of such themes, particularly with university students.
Attitudes and Opinions of Young Gynecologists on Pregnancy Termination: Results of a Cross-Sectional Survey in Poland
Authors: Zaręba Kornelia , La Rosa Valentina Lucia , Kołb-Sielecka Ewelina , Ciebiera Michał , Ragusa Rosalia , Gierus Jacek , Commodari Elena , Jakiel Grzegorz
Published: June 2020

Background: This paper aims to explore the attitudes and opinions of a group of Polish young gynecologists toward pregnancy termination. Method: An anonymous questionnaire was completed by physicians who participated in obligatory trainee courses held in 2019 in Warsaw. Results: The study group included 71 physicians with an average age of 29 years (SD 3.05). A considerable number of the physicians accepted terminations for medical reasons up to the end of pregnancy, especially in cases of lethal defects (46%) and a serious disease in the mother (34%). Only 6% of the group of gynecologists not performing terminations claimed that the procedure was contrary to their conscience, and 62% of them stated that such procedures were not performed at their hospital. Terminations would be performed by 90% of the respondents in cases of lethal defects of the fetus and by 80% if severe irreversible fetal defects were diagnosed. Conclusions: The main problem associated with the inaccessibility of pregnancy termination in Poland is not linked to individuals, meaning medical personnel and the possibility of invoking the conscience clause, but probably to the lack of approval for terminations granted by hospital supervisors. Adequate knowledge on pregnancy termination procedures, fetal defects, and diseases in the mother translated into the changes of opinions on pregnancy terminations.
Changes in Muscle Pattern Activity during the Asymmetric Flat Bench Press (Offset Training)
Authors: Jarosz Jakub , Gołaś Artur , Krzysztofik Michal , Matykiewicz Patryk , Strońska Katarzyna , Zając Adam , Maszczyk Adam
Published: June 2020

Background: This study aimed to compare the muscle activity between the symmetric and selected asymmetric loads (2.5%; 5% and 7.5% differences in load position between sides of the bar) during the flat bench press (BP) exercise at 70%1RM. The study included 10 resistance-trained males (25.3 ± 2.3 years; 82.9 ± 6.9 kg; 177.8 ± 4.5 cm; 1RM BP: 104.5 ± 8.6 kg; experience: 5.6 ± 1.5 years). Methods: To assess the differences in muscle activity between both sides of the body and load placement, the participants performed several attempts of the BP with symmetric and asymmetric load at 70%1RM in a random order (symmetric; 2.5%; 5% and 7.5% differences in load position between sides of the bar). Peak muscle activity of dominant and non-dominant body-side was recorded for the pectoralis major (PM), anterior deltoid (AD), and the long head of the triceps brachii (TB). Results: A two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated a statistically significant main interaction between side and load (p < 0.01) for AD, PM and TB muscles. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that asymmetrically loaded BP leads to significantly higher muscle activity on the loaded side of the body. The offset training method during bilateral resistance exercise may be an effective and simple approach for reductions in muscle imbalances and improvement in bilateral exercise performance.
Association between Anemia and Auditory Threshold Shifts in the US Population: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Shih Jui-Hu , Li I-Hsun , Pan Ke-Ting , Wang Chih-Hung , Chen Hsin-Chien , Fann Li-Yun , Tseng Jen-Ho , Kao Li-Ting
Published: June 2020

Existing evidence indicates that both iron deficiency anemia and sickle cell anemia have been previously associated with hearing loss. However, human data investigating the association between anemia and auditory threshold shifts at different frequencies in the adolescent, adult and elderly population are extremely limited to date. Therefore, this cross-sectional study used the dataset from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2005 to 2012 to explore differences in low- or high-frequency hearing thresholds and hearing loss prevalence between participants with and without anemia. A total of 918 patients with anemia and 8213 without anemia were included. Results indicated that low- and high-frequency pure tone average were significantly higher in patients with anemia than that in those without anemia in the elderly, but not in adult or adolescent population. In addition, the prevalence of low-frequency hearing loss but not high-frequency hearing loss was also higher in patients with anemia than in those without anemia in the elderly population. After adjusting various confounders, multiple regression models still indicated that patients with anemia tended to have larger threshold shift. In conclusion, anemia was associated with auditory threshold shifts in the elderly population, especially those vulnerable to low-frequency hearing loss.
Gender Differences in Medication Use: A Drug Utilization Study Based on Real World Data
Authors: Orlando Valentina , Mucherino Sara , Guarino Ilaria , Guerriero Francesca , Trama Ugo , Menditto Enrica
Published: June 2020

A gender-specific drug utilization study was performed in the Campania region, Southern Italy. Data were based on outpatient drug prescriptions collected from administrative databases. The study population included all patients with at least one drug prescription in 2018. Prevalence was used as a measure to estimate the degree of exposure to drugs. A total of 3,899,360 patients were treated with at least one drug (54.2% females). The number of prescriptions was higher in females than males (55.6% vs. 44.4%). Females recorded higher prevalence for the majority of therapeutic groups (ATC II—anatomical therapeutic chemical), as well as for anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic products drugs (M01) (25.6% vs. 18.7%, risk ratio (RR): 0.73), beta blocking agents (C07) (14.5% vs. 11.6%, RR: 0.80), psychoanaleptics (N06) (7.1% vs. 3.7%, RR: 0.52), and antianemic preparations (B03) (2.8% vs. 6.7%, RR: 0.4). Higher prevalence was identified for males only for drugs used in diabetes (A10) (6.8% vs. 6.2%, RR: 1.1), particularly for biguanides (A10BA). Conversely, treatment duration was longer among males, explaining the higher mean cost per treated patient. This real-world study showed substantial gender differences in terms of medication use and duration of treatment and costs. These results are relevant to promoting and supporting the emerging role of precision and personalized medicine.
Comparison of Patterns of Skill Actions between Analog and Electronic Protectors in Taekwondo: A Log-Linear Analysis
Authors: Cho Eun-Hyung , Eom Han-Joo , Jang Se-Yong
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study was to compare the patterns of skill actions executed during Taekwondo competitions when wearing and not wearing an electronic protector. To achieve this purpose, 110 matches from two university-level Taekwondo championships were taped and analyzed. The performance skills were composed of 18 detailed skills and grouped into five categories by considering kicks to the target area (chest or head/face). The data were organized in the form of a contingency table that demonstrated the relationship between grouping factors (skills, protectors, win–lose, and weight division). A log-linear analysis was carried out to investigate the effect of the grouping factors (IVs) on the skills (DV) using SPSS Statistics. The results obtained in the present study can be summarized as follows. First, the overall proportion of “points” called by the judge for the general protector (32.3%) was approximately 3.4 times that for the electronic protector (9.5%). Second, for the electronic protector, the proportions of kicks to the chest area were in the following order: Roundhouse kick (R-Kick) (44.7%), Pushing kick (P-kick) (19.3%), Turn kick (T-kick) (8.7%), and Double roundhouse kick (DR-kick) (7.6%). For the general protector, the order differed slightly, with T-kick and P-kick switched around with different proportions. Third, the proportion of kicks to the head/face was higher for the electronic protector (19.8%) than for the general protector (10.4%), and this difference was even more distinct when the light (−68kg) (33.5% (electronic) vs. 6.5% (general)) and heavy (+85kg) (1.4% (electronic) vs. 13.3% (general)) weight divisions were compared. Finally, the match status (win/lose) had no significant effect on the pattern of playing actions for both the protectors. The result from this study suggests that skill frequency of linear simple movement for activating electrical protector’s sensor is increased, while the one of rotational complex movement is decreased gradually. Additionally, headgear without sensors, such as for a hit movement to the face/head part, represent characteristics of increased attack skills to the facial area; these scores are provided through subjective judgement, and consequently changes in performance skills can occur.
The Psychological Impacts of a COVID-19 Outbreak on College Students in China: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Li Hong Yan , Cao Hui , Leung Doris Y. P. , Mak Yim Wah
Published: June 2020

An outbreak in Wuhan, China in late 2019 of a highly infectious new coronary pneumonia (COVID-19) led to the imposition of countrywide confinement measures from January to March 2020. This is a longitudinal study on changes in the mental health status of a college population before and after their COVID-19 confinement for the first two weeks, focusing on states of psychological distress, depression, anxiety and affectivity. The influence of possible stressors on their mental health were investigated, including inadequate supplies and fears of infection. Five hundred and fifty-five undergraduate students were recruited from Hebei Agricultural University in Baoding, China. The participants completed two online surveys—on anxiety and depression, and on positive and negative affect. One survey was conducted before the confinement and the other was conducted 15–17 days after the start of the confinement. Increases in negative affect and symptoms of anxiety and depression (p-values < 0.001) were observed after 2 weeks of confinement. Inadequate supplies of hand sanitizers, a higher year of study, and higher scores on anxiety and depression were common predictors of increased negative affect, anxiety, and depression across the confinement period. The results suggest that healthcare policymakers should carefully consider the appropriate confinement duration, and ensure adequate supplies of basic infection-control materials.
Web-Based Architecture for Automating Quantity Surveying Construction Cost Calculation
Authors: Yousif Jabar H. , N. Abdul Majeed Saif , J. I. Al Azzawi Fouad
Published: June 2020

Quantity Surveying (QS) is a process concerned with controlling and managing the costs of construction projects. QS Measurement relies on sophisticated measurement rules that are understood by experienced practitioners. Traditional QS systems, such as standard paperwork, are time-consuming and only approximate the cost estimate. This paper aims to design and deploy a web-based framework for automating the cost estimation of concrete construction, using ASP.NET. It introduces a user-friendly interface, which ensures that the work is completed in the chronological order of the construction phases. The proposed QS framework offers a reliable and time-efficient estimation method, in comparison to other methods (i.e., human labor using paper or Excel), which was tested using real data and was validated by experts and consultant companies. Furthermore, it automated the reading of project information from construction maps, which reduced errors when estimating costs. It could also automatically determine the project location using Google Maps and could quickly guide the user to the location. The proposed QS framework automated the manual and Excel work of cost computing with an accuracy of 99%, reducing human calculation errors. It also effectively reduced the calculation time to only three days (compared to 114 days of manual work or 19 days of Excel work). The comparison result of the Quantity Surveyor’s average paid salary indicated that using web-based QS framework helps in reducing the cost estimation time and labor costs.
Interaction between the Number of Chemotherapy Cycles and Brachytherapy Dose/Volume Parameters in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer Patients
Authors: Escande Alexandre , Khettab Mohamed , Bockel Sophie , Dumas Isabelle , Schernberg Antoine , Gouy Sebastien , Morice Philippe , Pautier Patricia , Deutsch Eric , Haie-Meder Christine , Chargari Cyrus
Published: June 2020

Scarce data exist on concurrent chemotherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) patients (pts) treated with image-guided adaptive brachytherapy (IGABT). We examined the effect of a number of chemotherapy cycles and their interaction with brachytherapy dose/volume parameters. Clinical records of 209 consecutive pts treated for a LACC were reviewed. Pts received CRT concurrently with cisplatin 40 mg/m² or carboplatin AUC2. An additional cycle could have been delivered during the pulse-dose rate (PDR)-IGABT. The impact of a number of chemotherapy cycles on outcome was examined, as well as the interactions with dose volume parameters. The number of cycles was four in 55 (26.3%) pts, five in 154 (73.7%) including 101 receiving the fifth cycle during IGABT. Median follow-up was 5.5 years. Pts receiving five cycles had a better outcome on all survival endpoints, including three year local control rate (93.9% vs. 77.2%; p < 0.05). In the subgroup, only pts with tumor FIGO (Fédération Internationale de Gynécologie Obstétrique) stage ≤IIB or with CTVHR > 25 cm3 had a better outcome. Pts receiving four cycles with D90CTVHR > 80GyEQD2 had the same locoregional control–(LRC) as those receiving five cycles and achieving D90CTVHR ≤ 80 GyEQD2 (p = 0.75). An optimal propensity score matching the balance for the FIGO stage, CTVHR volume and D90CTVHR confirmed the effect, with the largest life expectancy benefit for locoregional failure-free survival (absolute gain: 1.5 years; p = 0.017). Long-term radiation-induced toxicity was not increased. Increasing the total number of cycles from 4 to 5 improved LFS, suggesting a place for systemic strategies aimed at in-field cooperation. Delivering an additional cycle at the time of brachytherapy did not increase morbidity and there permitted an increase in chemotherapy dose intensity.
Association of Plasma Level of TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand with Severity and Outcome of Sepsis
Authors: Yoo Hongseok , Lee Jin Young , Park Junseon , Yang Jeong Hoon , Suh Gee Young , Jeon Kyeongman
Published: June 2020

Recent studies have suggested that TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is associated with mortality in sepsis, possibly through necroptosis. The objective of this study was to analyze the association between the plasma level of TRAIL and sepsis severity and outcomes. Furthermore, the plasma level of TRAIL was compared to that of receptor-interacting protein kinase-3 (RIPK3), a key executor of necroptosis, to identify any correlation between TRAIL and necroptosis. Plasma levels of TRAIL and RIPK3 from consecutively enrolled critically ill patients were measured by ELISA. Of 190 study patients, 59 (31.1%) and 84 (44.2%) patients were diagnosed with sepsis and septic shock, respectively. There was a trend of decreased plasma level of TRAIL across the control, sepsis, and septic shock groups. For 143 patients with sepsis, patients with low plasma TRAIL were more likely to have septic shock and higher SAPS3 and SOFA scores. However, no difference in 28-day and 90-day mortalities was observed between the two groups. The plasma level of TRAIL was inversely associated with RIPK3 in patients with sepsis. Plasma levels of TRAIL increased over time on days three and seven, and were inversely associated with sepsis severity and RIPK3 level, but not with mortality.
Transplantation Induces Profound Changes in the Transcriptional Asset of Hematopoietic Stem Cells: Identification of Specific Signatures Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Cilloni Daniela , Petiti Jessica , Campia Valentina , Podestà Marina , Squillario Margherita , Montserrat Nuria , Bertaina Alice , Sabatini Federica , Carturan Sonia , Berger Massimo , Saglio Francesco , Bandini Giuseppe , Bonifazi Francesca , Fagioli Franca , Moretta Lorenzo , Saglio Giuseppe , Verri Alessandro , Barla Annalisa , Locatelli Franco , Frassoni Francesco
Published: June 2020

During the phase of proliferation needed for hematopoietic reconstitution following transplantation, hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) must express genes involved in stem cell self-renewal. We investigated the expression of genes relevant for self-renewal and expansion of HSPC (operationally defined as CD34+ cells) in steady state and after transplantation. Specifically, we evaluated the expression of ninety-one genes that were analyzed by real-time PCR in CD34+ cells isolated from (i) 12 samples from umbilical cord blood (UCB); (ii) 15 samples from bone marrow healthy donors; (iii) 13 samples from bone marrow after umbilical cord blood transplant (UCBT); and (iv) 29 samples from patients after transplantation with adult hematopoietic cells. The results show that transplanted CD34+ cells from adult cells acquire an asset very different from transplanted CD34+ cells from cord blood. Multivariate machine learning analysis (MMLA) showed that four specific gene signatures can be obtained by comparing the four types of CD34+ cells. In several, but not all cases, transplanted HSPC from UCB overexpress reprogramming genes. However, these remarkable changes do not alter the commitment to hematopoietic lineage. Overall, these results reveal undisclosed aspects of transplantation biology.
Comparison of 99mTc-Labeled Colloid SPECT/CT and Planar Lymphoscintigraphy in Sentinel Lymph Node Detection in Patients with Melanoma: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Quartuccio Natale , Garau Ludovico Maria , Arnone Annachiara , Pappalardo Marco , Rubello Domenico , Arnone Gaspare , Manca Gianpiero
Published: June 2020

We compared the detection rate (DR) for sentinel lymph nodes (SLNS), the number of SLNs and the subjects with additional SLNs of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT/CT) and planar lymphoscintigraphy (PL) in patients with melanoma. Furthermore, we evaluated the impact of SPECT/CT on surgical plans. Articles containing head-to-head comparisons between SPECT/CT and PL were searched in Pubmed/MEDLINE and Scopus. The literature search was updated until December 31st, 2019. DR was calculated on a per-patient-based analysis; the studies were pooled by their odds ratios (ORs) with a random effects model to assess the significance of difference (p < 0.05). The number of additional SLNs (calculated as the relative risk) and pooled proportion of patients with additional SLNs were investigated. The pooled ratio of surgical procedures influenced by the SPECT/CT findings was calculated. Seventeen studies with 1438 patients were eligible for the calculation of DR of SPECT/CT and PL. The average DR was 98.28% (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 97.94–99.19%) for the SPECT/CT and 95.53% (95% CI: 92.55–97.77%) for the PL; OR of 2.31 (95% CI: 1.66–4.18, p < 0.001) in favor of the SPECT/CT. There was a relative risk of a higher number of SLNs (1.13) for the SPECT/CT and 17.87% of patients with additional SLNs were detected by SPECT/CT. The average impact of SPECT/CT on surgery resulted in 37.43% of cases. This meta-analysis favored SPECT/CT over PL for the identification of SLNs in patients with melanoma due to a higher DR, reproducibility, number of SLNs depicted, proportion of patients with additional SLNs and the impact on the surgical plan. However, PL remains a good option due to the high values of the DR for SLNs.
Functional Heterogeneity of Mouse and Human Brain OPCs: Relevance for Preclinical Studies in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Bribián Ana , Medina-Rodríguez Eva M. , Josa-Prado Fernando , García-Álvarez Isabel , Machín-Díaz Isabel , Esteban Pedro F. , Murcia-Belmonte Verónica , Vega-Zelaya Lorena , Pastor Jesús , Garrido Leoncio , de Castro Fernando
Published: June 2020

Besides giving rise to oligodendrocytes (the only myelin-forming cell in the Central Nervous System (CNS) in physiological conditions), Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells (OPCs) are responsible for spontaneous remyelination after a demyelinating lesion. They are present along the mouse and human CNS, both during development and in adulthood, yet how OPC physiological behavior is modified throughout life is not fully understood. The activity of adult human OPCs is still particularly unexplored. Significantly, most of the molecules involved in OPC-mediated remyelination are also involved in their development, a phenomenon that may be clinically relevant. In the present article, we have compared the intrinsic properties of OPCs isolated from the cerebral cortex of neonatal, postnatal and adult mice, as well as those recovered from neurosurgical adult human cerebral cortex tissue. By analyzing intact OPCs for the first time with 1H High Resolution Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H HR-MAS NMR) spectroscopy, we show that these cells behave distinctly and that they have different metabolic patterns in function for their stage of maturity. Moreover, their response to Fibroblast Growth Gactor-2 (FGF-2) and anosmin-1 (two molecules that have known effects on OPC biology during development and that are overexpressed in individuals with Multiple Sclerosis (MS)) differs in relation to their developmental stage and in the function of the species. Our data reveal that the behavior of adult human and mouse OPCs differs in a very dynamic way that should be very relevant when testing drugs and for the proper design of effective pharmacological and/or cell therapies for MS.
An Integrative Neuro-Psychotherapy Treatment to Foster the Adjustment in Acquired Brain Injury Patients—A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Urech Antoine , Krieger Tobias , Frischknecht Eveline , Stalder-Lüthy Franziska , grosse Holtforth Martin , Müri René Martin , Znoj Hansjörg , Hofer Helene
Published: June 2020

Adjustment disorders (AjD) with depressive symptoms following an acquired brain injury (ABI) is a common phenomenon. Although brain injuries are increasing more and more, research on psychological therapies is comparably scarce. The present study compared, by means of a randomized controlled trial (RCT), a newly developed integrative treatment (Standard PLUS) to a standard neuropsychological treatment (Standard). Primary outcomes were depressive symptoms assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) at post-treatment and 6-month follow-up assessment. In total, 25 patients (80% after a stroke) were randomized to one of the two conditions. Intention-to-treat analyses showed that the two groups did not significantly differ either at post-treatment nor at follow-up assessment regarding depressive symptoms. Both treatments showed large within-group effect sizes on depressive symptoms. Regarding secondary outcomes, patients in the Standard PLUS condition reported more emotion regulation skills at post-assessment than in the control condition. However, this difference was not present anymore at follow-up assessment. Both treatments showed medium to large within-group effects sizes on most measures for patients suffering from an AjD after ABI. More research with larger samples is needed to investigate who profits from which intervention.
Outcomes of COVID-19 among Patients on In-Center Hemodialysis: An Experience from the Epicenter in South Korea
Authors: Jung Hee-Yeon , Lim Jeong-Hoon , Kang Seok Hui , Kim Seong Gyu , Lee Yong-Hoon , Lee Jaehee , Chang Hyun-Ha , Kim Shin-Woo , Choi Ji-Young , Cho Jang-Hee , Kim Chan-Duck , Kim Yong-Lim , Park Sun-Hee
Published: June 2020

Patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) or who are on hemodialysis (HD) could have increased susceptibility to the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) given their pre-existing comorbidities, older age, compromised immune system, and regular visits to populated outpatient dialysis centers. This study included 14 consecutive patients on HD or with advanced CKD who initiated HD after being diagnosed with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from February to April 2020 in hospitals throughout Daegu, South Korea. The included patients, 42.9% of whom were men, had a mean age of 63.5 years. Four patients had a history of contact with a patient suffering from COVID-19. The most common symptom was cough (50.0%), followed by dyspnea (35.7%). The mean time from symptom onset to diagnosis and admission was 2.6 and 3.5 days, respectively. Patients exhibited lymphopenia and elevated inflammatory markers, including C-reactive protein and ferritin. Chest radiography findings showed pulmonary infiltration in 10 patients. All patients underwent regular HD in a negative pressure room and received antiviral agents. Four patients received mechanical ventilation and continuous renal replacement therapy at a median duration of 14.0 and 8.5 days, respectively. One patient underwent extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for three days. Among the 14 patients included, two died due to acute respiratory distress syndrome, nine were discharged from the hospital, and three remained hospitalized. Despite the high-risk conditions associated with worse outcomes, patients on HD did not exhibit extremely poor overall COVID-19 outcomes perhaps due to early diagnosis, prompt hospitalization, and antiviral therapy.
Which MRI Score and Technique Should Be Used for Assessing Crohn’s Disease Activity?
Authors: D’Amico Ferdinando , Chateau Thomas , Laurent Valérie , Danese Silvio , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent
Published: June 2020

Magnetic resonance (MR) enterography is assuming an increasingly important and central role in the management of patients with Crohn’s disease, as it is not only involved in diagnosis and staging of the disease but also allows for patients’ follow-up, evaluating the response to therapy, and predicting disease outcomes. Several MR scores have been developed but unfortunately there is no globally accepted score. The most widely used scores are the Magnetic Resonance Index of Activity (MaRIA) score, the London score, the Nancy score, and the Clermont score; however, there are multiple differences between these tools in terms of the assessed radiological items, fasting, administration of oral or intravenous contrast, and the use of diffusion-weighted images. Here we reviewed the main characteristics of each MR scoring system to clarify which is the most appropriate score for monitoring disease activity in both clinical practice and clinical trials.
Bariatric Surgery during COVID-19 Pandemic from Patients’ Point of View—The Results of a National Survey
Authors: Walędziak Maciej , Różańska-Walędziak Anna , Pędziwiatr Michał , Szeliga Jacek , Proczko-Stepaniak Monika , Wysocki Michał , Stefura Tomasz , Major Piotr
Published: June 2020

Introduction: The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on bariatric care from the patients’ point of view. The COVID-19 pandemic has perturbed the functioning of healthcare systems around the world and led to changes in elective surgical care, with bariatric procedures being postponed until the end of pandemic. There is no data in the literature about the effect of a new epidemiological situation on bariatric patients. Methods: The study was designed as an online survey containing multiple open questions about bariatric care during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey was conducted among pre- and postoperative bariatric patients. Results: Out of 800 respondents, 74.53% felt anxiety about their health in regard to the present epidemiologic state. Some (72.25%) were aware of the fact that obesity was an important risk factor that could impair the course of the COVID-19 disease. Almost 30% of respondents admitted having put on weight, significantly more in the group of preoperative patients (43.8% vs. 22.69%; p < 0.001). Only 20.92% of patients had a possibility of continuing direct bariatric care; 67.3% of patients had an opportunity of remote contact with a bariatric specialist, including online consultations, teleconsultations and social media meetings. Conclusions: Limited access to medical care and quarantine lockdown may result in a deterioration of long-time operation outcomes and lower weight losses. Patients should be encouraged to profit from online consultations with specialists and telemedicine to reduce the negative effects of the pandemic on their health.
Surface Modification of Flax Fibers for Manufacture of Engineering Thermoplastic Biocomposites
Authors: Shamsuyeva Madina , Chang Boon Peng , Vellguth Natalie , Misra Manjusri , Mohanty Amar , Endres Hans-Josef
Published: June 2020

The aim of this feasibility study is to develop application-oriented natural fiber-reinforced biocomposites with improved mechanical and durability performance. The biocomposites were manufactured via a film-stacking process of epoxy-coated flax textiles and polyamide 6 (PA6). The fabricated biocomposites were subjected to thermo-oxidative ageing for 250, 500 and 1000 h and tested with regard to tensile properties. The results show that the biocomposites with epoxy-coated flax fibers possess considerably higher tensile properties compared with the reference specimens under all tested conditions.
Substituted Nano-Hydroxyapatite Toothpastes Reduce Biofilm Formation on Enamel and Resin-Based Composite Surfaces
Authors: Ionescu Andrei C. , Cazzaniga Gloria , Ottobelli Marco , Garcia-Godoy Franklin , Brambilla Eugenio
Published: June 2020

Background: Toothpastes containing nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HAp) substituted with metal ions provide calcium and phosphate ions to dental hard tissues, reducing demineralization, and promoting remineralization. Few data are available about the effect of these bioactive compounds on oral microbiota. Methods: This in vitro study evaluated the influence of two commercially-available substituted n-HAp-based toothpastes (α: Zn-carbonate substituted n-HAp; β: F, Mg, Sr-carbonate substituted n-HAp) on early colonization (EC, 12 h) and biofilm formation (BF, 24 h) by oral microbiota. Controls were brushed with distilled water. Artificial oral microcosm and Streptococcus mutans biofilms were developed using human enamel and a resin-based composite (RBC) as adherence surfaces. Two test setups, a shaking multiwell plate and a modified drip-flow reactor (MDFR), were used to simulate clinical conditions during the night (low salivary flow and clearance) and daytime, respectively. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) was used to evaluate specimens’ surfaces after toothpaste treatment. Fluoride release from β toothpaste was evaluated. Viable adherent biomass was quantified by MTT assay, and biofilms’ morphology was highlighted using confocal microscopy. Results: EDS showed the presence of remnants from the tested toothpastes on both adherence surfaces. β toothpaste showed significantly lower EC and BF compared to control using the artificial oral microcosm model, while α toothpaste showed lower EC and BF compared to control, but higher EC and BF compared to β toothpaste. The effect shown by β toothpaste was, to a minimal extent, due to fluoride release. Interestingly, this result was seen on both adherence surfaces, meaning that the tested toothpastes significantly influenced EC and BF even on RBC surfaces. Furthermore, the effect of toothpaste treatments was higher after 12 h than 24 h, suggesting that toothbrushing twice a day is more effective than brushing once. Conclusions: The efficacy of these treatments in reducing microbial colonization of RBC surfaces may represent a promising possibility in the prevention of secondary caries.
Investigation of the Error of Mean Representative Current Velocity Based on the Method of Bins for Tidal Turbines Using ADP Data
Authors: Rathnayake Udara , Folley Matt , Gunawardane S.D.G.S.P. , Frost Carwyn
Published: June 2020

Representing the velocity at a tidal energy extraction site in a standardized manner is essential for the development of the tidal energy sector. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) have issued a technical specification to determine the mean representative current velocity (MRV) relative to a tidal energy converter (TEC). This method determines the MRV using an acoustic Doppler profiler (ADP). This is used to evaluate the power performance of a TEC and so can have a significant influence on the power performance uncertainties, due to the cubed relationship of the MRV and power. This paper investigates these uncertainties in the MRV by considering four sources of uncertainty in the ADP. These are turbulence intensity, tilt, Doppler noise and beam misalignment of an ADP. A synthetically generated dataset is used to define current velocity and profile using the characteristics of currents and ADP. The generated synthetic dataset is processed to calculate the MRV based on the standard IEC method. An alternative method to calculate the MRV, called the temporal-spatial method (TSM), is proposed and the two methodologies are used to assess the error of the MRV. A sensitivity analysis shows that the errors of the MRV based on the standard IEC method are always higher than the TSM. The biases in the MRV based on the different combinations of the uncertainty are investigated and it is found that the bias for the MRVs based on the TSM method is generally less than that of the IEC method.
Application of Remote Sensing Methods to Monitor Coastal Zones
Authors: Almeida Luis Pedro , Almar Rafael
Published: June 2020

In this Special Issue “Application of Remote Sensing Methods to Monitor Coastal Zones” nine original research papers were published, with topics covering a wide range of ranging of remote sensing applications including coastal topography, bathymetry, land cover, and nearshore hydrodynamics [...]
A Framework of Numerically Evaluating a Maneuvering Vessel in Waves
Authors: Xie Zhitian , Falzarano Jeffrey , Wang Hao
Published: June 2020

Maneuvering in waves is a hydrodynamic phenomenon that involves both seakeeping and maneuvering problems. The environmental loads, such as waves, wind, and current, have a significant impact on a maneuvering vessel, which makes it more complex than maneuvering in calm water. Wave effects are perhaps the most important factor amongst these environmental loads. In this research, a framework has been developed that simultaneously incorporates the maneuvering and seakeeping aspects that includes the hydrodynamics effects corresponding to both. To numerically evaluate the second-order wave loads in the seakeeping problem, a derivation has been presented with a discussion and the Neumann-Kelvin linearization has been applied to consider the wave drift damping effect. The maneuvering evaluations of the KVLCC (KRISO Very Large Crude Carrier) and KCS (KRISO Container Ship) models in calm water and waves have been conducted and compared with the model tests. Through the comparison with the experimental results, this framework had been proven to provide a convincing numerical prediction of the horizontal motions for a maneuvering vessel in waves. The current framework can be extended and contribute to the IMO (International Maritime Organization) standards for determining the minimum propulsion power to maintain the maneuverability of vessels in adverse conditions.
Unsteady RANS CFD Simulations of Sailboat’s Hull and Comparison with Full-Scale Test
Authors: Casalone Pietro , Dell’Edera Oronzo , Fenu Beatrice , Giorgi Giuseppe , Sirigu Sergej Antonello , Mattiazzo Giuliana
Published: June 2020

The hydrodynamic investigation of a hull’s performance is a key aspect when designing a new prototype, especially when it comes to a competitive/racing environment. This paper purports to perform a fully nonlinear unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulation to predict the motion and hydrodynamic resistance of a sailboat, thus creating a reliable tool for designing a new hull or refining the design of an existing one. A comprehensive range of speeds is explored, and results are validated with hydrodynamic full-scale tests, conducted in the towing tank facility at University of Naples Federico II, Italy. In particular, this work deals with numerical ventilation, which is a typical issue occurring when modeling a hull; a simple and effective solution is here proposed and investigated, based on the phase-interaction substitution procedure. Results of the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) campaign agree with the experimental fluid dynamic (EFD) within a 2% margin.
Immunotoxicity in Ascidians: Antifouling Compounds Alternative to Organotins—V. the Case of Dichlofluanid
Authors: Cima Francesca , Varello Roberta
Published: June 2020

Dichlofluanid has long been employed as a fungicide in agriculture and has been massively introduced in antifouling paints for boat hulls over the last two decades. One of the most important toxic effects of antifoulants is represented by immunosuppression in marine invertebrates, which can be analysed in vitro with a number of short-term toxicity assays on haemocytes. Among bioindicators, the colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri is a useful candidate; it is a filter-feeding organism living in the water-sediment interface that is found worldwide and is sensitive to antifouling xenobiotics. Dichlofluanid adversely affects both immunocyte lines (phagocyte and cytotoxic lines) after exposure to sublethal concentrations. At 0.05 μM (16.65 μg/L), dichlofluanid induced haemocyte apoptosis and cell shrinkage with a decrease in both motility and phagocytosis. At the lowest concentration (0.01 μM, 3.33 μg/L), inhibition of pivotal enzymatic activities of phagocytes and cytotoxic cells occurred. At the highest concentration (0.1 μM, 33.3 μg/L), dichlofluanid increased glutathione oxidation, leading to stress conditions. The effects of dichlofluanid on immune defence responses are similar to those of organometal-based antifoulants (i.e., organotin compounds and zinc pyrithione), and its use in coastal areas requires attention.
Stereo Particle Image Velocimetry Measurements of the Wake Fields Behind A Panamax Bulker Ship Model Under the Ballast Condition
Authors: Wu Tiecheng , Luo Wanzhen , Jiang Dapeng , Deng Rui , Li Yulong
Published: June 2020

Particle image velocimetry is applied in this study to measure the wake flow field of a Panamax Bulker ship model under the ballast condition. This investigation revealed that the Froude number is 0.167. The time-averaged velocity, turbulent fluctuations, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), Reynolds stresses, and vorticity information were measured to perform a comparison with the design condition. The time-averaged velocity contours indicated that the ballast and design conditions have distinct hook-like axial velocity contours; however, they appeared at different positions. The big difference under the ballast condition is that the top of the propeller disk area is near the free surface and a region with strong root mean square velocity fluctuation is formed near the free surface. The TKE, the Reynolds stresses, and the hub cap vortex (Hcv) are all affected by the turbulent velocity fluctuation region under the ballast condition. A strong bilge vortex (Bv) is produced when the water flows through the U-shaped stern for the design and ballast conditions.
Uncertainty Analysis of Ship Model Propulsion Test on Actual Seas Based on Monte Carlo Method
Authors: Zhou Guangli , Wang Yuwei , Zhao Dagang , Lin Jianfeng
Published: June 2020

As a new testing technology, large-scale ship model tests on the sea are advantageous in addressing the scale effect in ship models and in simulating ship navigation conditions. In this study, the uncertainty of a ship model propulsion test on the sea was analyzed using the Monte Carlo method, and the influence of the test environment was quantified. We used a 25 m-long ship model for the propulsion performance test. Based on the procedure recommended by the International Standardization Organization (ISO), several tests were conducted on the Yellow Sea (the northwestern part of the East China Sea). The results demonstrate that the wind and waves in the environment are the two factors that have the greatest influence on the test accuracy. This study will aid the development of sea trials, and the analysis method used in the propulsion test is also suitable for many complex ship tests.
Residual Resistance of Displacement Vessels
Authors: Gotman Ada
Published: June 2020

The hydrodynamics of the residual resistance of ships is formulated for the first time: the residual resistance of vessel displacement is the result of the formation of retaining bow waves, Kelvin wave systems and their interaction—as well as the action of viscosity, which is expressed in the form of a turbulent subsurface boundary layer. Michell’s integral is taken as a basis for calculations of residual resistance. The two corrections take into account the shear layer of wave surface and the shift of the Kelvin bow system by the retaining waves. The correlation of the calculated and experimental curves confirms the validity of the described hydrodynamics of residual resistance. This article is intended for specialists in the field of hydrodynamics of displacement vessels and for designers of the ship hull.
Variability of the Deep Overflow through the Kerama Gap Revealed by Observational Data and Global Ocean Reanalysis
Authors: Liu Zhao-Jun , Zhu Xiao-Hua , Wang Min , Chen Minmo , Zheng Hua , Nakamura Hirohiko , Nishina Ayako , Park Jae-Hun
Published: June 2020

Herein, the temporal variability of the deep overflow through the Kerama Gap between the East China Sea and the Philippine Sea is investigated based on observational data combined with reanalysis data obtained during 2004–2011. The observations and model results show a strong bottom-intensified flow intruding into the deep Okinawa Trough. The observed deep overflow shows intraseasonal variations that are enhanced from August to November. The variability in the deep overflow via the Kerama Gap is well-correlated with the density changes near its sill depth in the Philippine Sea. Additionally, some portion of the dense water originates from a region east of Miyakojima, which can be related to the northeastward-flowing Ryukyu Current at intermediate depths. In contrast, three extreme deep overflow events indicate that the arriving mesoscale eddies propagated from the east resulted in an increase in the density near the Kerama Gap sill than that on the Okinawa Trough side. The density difference associated with the baroclinic pressure gradient across the Kerama Gap forced the deep overflow into the Okinawa Trough. The volume transport of the deep overflow computed by integrating the cross-sectional velocity and through hydraulic theory are 0.14 and 0.11 Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3/s), respectively.