bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Testing Correlates of Lifetime Exposure to Print Fiction Following a Multi-Method Approach: Evidence From Young and Older Readers
Authors: Wimmer Lena , Currie Gregory , Friend Stacie , Ferguson Heather Jane
Published: February 2021

Two pre-registered studies investigated associations of lifetime exposure to fiction, applying a battery of self-report, explicit and implicit indicators. Study 1 ( N = 150 university students) tested the relationships between exposure to fiction and social and moral cognitive abilities in a lab setting, using a correlational design. Results failed to reveal evidence for enhanced social or moral cognition with increasing lifetime exposure to narrative fiction. Study 2 followed a cross-sectional design and compared 50–80 year-old fiction experts ( N = 66), non-fiction experts ( N = 53), and infrequent readers ( N = 77) regarding social cognition, general knowledge, imaginability, and creativity in an online setting. Fiction experts outperformed the remaining groups regarding creativity, but not regarding social cognition or imaginability. In addition, both fiction and non-fiction experts demonstrated higher general knowledge than infrequent readers. Taken together, the present results do not support theories postulating benefits of narrative fiction for social cognition, but suggest that reading fiction may be associated with a specific gain in creativity, and that print (fiction or non-fiction) exposure has a general enhancement effect on world knowledge.
Imaging features of rhinocerebral mucormycosis: from onset to vascular complications
Authors: Mazzai Linda , Anglani Mariagiulia , Giraudo Chiara , Martucci Matia , Cester Giacomo , Causin Francesco
Published: February 2021

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis (RCM) may result in severe intracranial ischemic and hemorrhagic lesions. Both computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) play an essential role in the diagnosis of RCM, but whereas CT is better for assessing bone erosion, MRI is superior in evaluating soft tissue, intraorbital extension, and in assessing intracranial and vascular invasion. Specific CT and MRI techniques, such as CT angiography or enhanced MR angiography, and more advanced MRI sequences such as gadolinium-3D Black Blood imaging, contribute to the assessment of the extension of vascular invasion.

In this pictorial review, we describe specific CT and MRI signs of RCM, mainly focusing on its life-threatening complications due to vascular involvement.
Current concepts in the pathogenesis of cryptoglandular perianal fistula
Authors: Włodarczyk Marcin , Włodarczyk Jakub , Sobolewska-Włodarczyk Aleksandra , Trzciński Radzisław , Dziki Łukasz , Fichna Jakub
Published: February 2021

Cryptoglandular perianal fistula is a common benign anorectal disorder that is managed mainly with surgery. A fistula is typically defined as a pathological communication between two epithelialized surfaces. More specifically, perianal fistula manifests as an abnormal tract between the anorectal canal and the perianal skin. Perianal fistulas are often characterized by significantly decreased patient quality of life. The cryptoglandular theory of perianal fistulas suggests their development from the proctodeal glands, which originate from the intersphincteric plane and perforate the internal sphincter with their ducts. Involvement of proctodeal glands in the inflammatory process could play a primary role in the formation of cryptoglandular perianal fistula. The objective of this narrative review was to investigate the current knowledge of the pathogenesis of cryptoglandular perianal fistula with the specific aims of characterizing the potential role of proinflammatory factors responsible for the development of chronic inflammation. Further studies are crucial to improve the therapeutic management of cryptoglandular perianal fistulas.
Characterisation of two unusual cases of haemoglobin Bart’s hydrops foetalis caused by –SEA and large novel α-globin gene cluster deletions
Authors: Wang Yunan , Xiong Ying , Liu Chang , Lu Jian , Wang Jicheng , Qin DanQing , Liu Ling , Wu Jing , Zhao Xin , Fang Liyuan , Du Li , Yin Aihua
Published: February 2021

Background

We describe 2 unusual haemoglobin (Hb) Bart’s hydrops cases that could not be explained by traditional factors. Case presentation: Two families with a diagnosis or history of foetal hydrops were enrolled. A suspension-array system was used to detect the 23 most frequent mutations in southern China. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) was used to screen for possible deletions. Precise characterisation of the breakpoints of the novel variants and uniparental disomy analysis were performed using a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. Quantitative fluorescence PCR was used to eliminate maternal cell contamination and nonpaternity. In case 1, the suspension-array system indicated a maternal heterozygous (–SEA/) deletion, and the paternal sample was negative. The foetal hydrops was caused by the maternal (–SEA/) deletion and a de novo α-globin gene deletion (–193). In case 2, the paternal sample had a heterozygous (–SEA/) deletion, and MLPA and SNP array analysis revealed a large maternal deletion (–227) that encompassed the α-globin gene, which explained the history of Hb Bart’s foetal hydrops.

Conclusions

Our cases describe 2 new α0-thalassaemia deletions and illustrate the importance of using a combination of methods to detect rare types of α-thalassaemia.
Association between multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitors and changes in CT appearance of submucosal fat in the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Tamir Shlomit , Gavrielli Shlomo , Abitbol Chen , Tau Noam , Grubstein Ahuva , Neiman Victoria , Yosef Lilach , Atar Eli , Zer Alona
Published: February 2021

Introduction:

Submucosal fat deposition (SMF) in the gastrointestinal tract can be seen in patients treated with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitors (mtTKIs). We aimed to assess the association between mtTKIs treatment and appearance of SMF on computed tomography (CT).

Methods:

We performed retrospective evaluation of patients who started mtTKI treatment between 2016 and 2018, with a comparison patient cohort treated with single-target tyrosine kinase inhibitors (stTKIs). SMF amount for each gastrointestinal tract segment (stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, terminal ileum, right colon, left colon) was scored as follows: 0 = none; 1 = low amount (<2 mm thick); 2 = high amount (>2 mm layer). For each CT, segment scores were aggregated to create an SMF index (SMFI). Maximal increase in SMFI between pretreatment and posttreatment CTs was documented. SMF ⩾3 was defined as positive.

Results:

Forty patients treated with mtTKIs and 23 patients receiving stTKIs were included. Maximal increase in SMFI during treatment was 0–1 in 56/63 patients (89%) and 3–6 in 7/63 patients (11%). All patients with positive SMFI received mtTKIs compared to 0 patients treated with stTKIs (17.5% vs. 0%; p = 0.04). mtTKI treatment was associated with higher incidence of nausea/vomiting (4/7) and diarrhea (4/7) when positive SMF was noted, as compared to patients with negative SMF (6/33 patients each; p = 0.048).

Conclusion:

Gastrointestinal tract SMF deposition occurs in a considerable proportion of patients treated with mtTKIs with association to abdominal symptoms. This may be unique to mtTKIs and was not found in patients receiving stTKIs.
Meningoencephalitis, Vasculitis, and Abortions Caused by Chlamydia pecorum in a Herd of Cattle
Authors: Struthers Jason D. , Lim Ailam , Ferguson Sylvia , Lee Jung Keun , Chako Clemence , Okwumabua Ogi , Cuneo Matthew , Valle Anabell Montiel-Del , Brower Alexandra
Published: February 2021

A cow dairy ( n = 2000) in close proximity to a sheep flock had third-trimester abortions and fatalities in cows and calves over a 14-month period. Eighteen of 33 aborted fetuses (55%) had multifocal random suppurative or mononuclear meningoencephalitis with vasculitis. Seventeen of these affected fetuses had intracytoplasmic bacteria in endothelial cells, and 1 fetus with pericarditis had similar bacteria within mesothelial cells or macrophages. Immunohistochemistry for Chlamydia spp. or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Chlamydia pecorum or both, performed on brain or pooled tissue, were positive in all 14 tested fetuses that had meningoencephalitis and in 4/4 calves and in 3/4 tested cows that had meningoencephalitis and thrombotic vasculitis. In 1 calf and 11/11 fetuses, C. pecorum PCR amplicon sequences were 100% homologous to published C. pecorum sequences. Enzootic chlamydiosis due to C. pecorum was the identified cause of the late term abortions and the vasculitis and meningoencephalitis in fetuses, calves, and cows. C. pecorum, an uncommon bovine abortogenic agent, is a differential diagnosis in late-term aborted fetuses with meningoencephalitis, vasculitis, and polyserositis.
Musical expertise, musical style, and visual attention
Authors: Jónasson Pétur , Kristjánsson Árni , Jóhannesson Ómar I.
Published: February 2021

Research has repeatedly demonstrated that people with experience within a particular domain have exceptional cognitive abilities for domain-specific information. Chess masters, for instance, are far better at memorizing visually presented chess positions than amateurs, and professional American football experts are highly sensitive to semantic changes in domain-related scenes. However, for non-domain-related material, experts’ performance becomes similar to novice performance. But how does this apply to music? We compared experienced musicians’ and novices’ attentional function and visual working memory using the change blindness flicker paradigm. The task was to detect minor changes between two otherwise identical music scores of differing styles: traditional (C-major, regular rhythms), contemporary (atonal, irregular rhythms), and random (nonsense music). We expected that (1) experienced musicians would detect changes faster, (2) the between-group difference would be larger for traditional than contemporary music, and (3) the groups’ performance would be more similar for random music. The experienced musicians detected changes significantly faster in both the contemporary and traditional music material, whereas the difference was nonsignificant for the random condition. The difference between groups was largest for contemporary music, despite its higher level of complexity. We discuss these results in relation to existing literature on expertise in visual information processing.
The model crisis, or how to have critical promiscuity in the time of Covid-19
Authors: Anderson Warwick
Published: February 2021

During the past forty years, statistical modelling and simulation have come to frame perceptions of epidemic disease and to determine public health interventions that might limit or suppress the transmission of the causative agent. The influence of such formulaic disease modelling has pervaded public health policy and practice during the Covid-19 pandemic. The critical vocabulary of epidemiology, and now popular debate, thus includes R0, the basic reproduction number of the virus, ‘flattening the curve’, and epidemic ‘waves’. How did this happen? What are the consequences of framing and foreseeing the pandemic in these modes? Focusing on historical and contemporary disease responses, primarily in Britain, I explore the emergence of statistical modelling as a ‘crisis technology’, a reductive mechanism for making rapid decisions or judgments under uncertain biological constraint. I consider how Covid-19 might be configured or assembled otherwise, constituted as a more heterogeneous object of knowledge, a different and more encompassing moment of truth – not simply as a measured telos directing us to a new normal. Drawing on earlier critical engagements with the AIDS pandemic, inquiries into how to have ‘theory’ and ‘promiscuity’ in a crisis, I seek to open up a space for greater ecological, sociological, and cultural complexity in the biopolitics of modelling, thereby attempting to validate a role for critique in the Covid-19 crisis.
Mining liquid gold: The lively, contested terrain of human milk valuations
Authors: Prouse Carolyn
Published: February 2021

As global health organizations and national governments tout “breast is best,” the value of human milk is being calculated – and profited from – in increasingly diverse forms. In this paper I chart three of the major ways in which human milk is being economically valued: calculating breastfeeding as a contribution to a country’s GDP; buying and selling human milk to hospitals for profit; and manufacturing key components of human milk and the infant gut. In exploring these bioeconomies, I draw together two approaches to biocapital not often put into conversation with one another: a focus on the micrological generative capacities of biological material, and attention to the macrological biopolitical governance of populations. I argue that juxtaposing these bioeconomies demonstrates key features of human milk biocapital: the multi-scalar workings of reproductive biopolitical valuation and governance; the human and more-than-human ecologies (and labours) on which biocapital depends; and the feminist geographical contestations that shape, and sometimes undermine, these valuations.
Contextualizing lobate debris aprons and glacier-like forms on Mars with debris-covered glaciers on Earth
Authors: Koutnik Michelle R , Pathare Asmin V
Published: February 2021

Debris-covered glaciers from around the world offer distinct environmental, climatic, and historical conditions from which to study the effects of debris on glacier-ice evolution. A rich literature on debris-covered glaciers exists from decades of field work, laboratory studies, remote-sensing observations, and numerical modeling. In general, the base of knowledge established by studying periglacial, glacial, and paraglacial landforms on Earth has been applied to aid interpretation of ice-rich or ice-remnant landforms on Mars, but research has progressed on both planets. For Mars, the spatial distribution of lobate debris aprons and glacier-like forms, in particular, is critical to constraining past climate conditions when such features were active, reconstructing past ice extent, and estimating the total inventory of buried ice remaining in the mid-latitudes of Mars. This review spans a range of knowledge about debris-covered glaciers on Earth, in order to add context to investigations of dust and debris-covered ice on Mars and to put research on both planets in a perspective aimed at maximizing process-based understanding of glacier evolution. The state of knowledge and some gaps in knowledge on Mars are discussed in relation to possible avenues for future research in how landforms are classified, advances in comparative planetology, and new understanding from future missions. While this review is focused primarily on processes controlling active debris-covered glaciers, a key to understanding glacier change through time is to consider individual landforms in context with the full-system environment in which they are found. For Earth, this includes understanding local and regional controls on current glacier change, and how these processes relate to landform development in the past as well as what may develop in the future. For Mars, this includes evaluating how present-day landforms elucidate past ice activity and environmental conditions during epochs when orbital parameters, climate, and water ice distribution were substantially different.
Long Short-Term Memory-Based Human-Driven Vehicle Longitudinal Trajectory Prediction in a Connected and Autonomous Vehicle Environment
Authors: Lin Lei , Gong Siyuan , Peeta Srinivas , Wu Xia
Published: February 2021

The advent of connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) will change driving behavior and travel environment, and provide opportunities for safer, smoother, and smarter road transportation. During the transition from the current human-driven vehicles (HDVs) to a fully CAV traffic environment, the road traffic will consist of a “mixed” traffic flow of HDVs and CAVs. Equipped with multiple sensors and vehicle-to-vehicle communications, a CAV can track surrounding HDVs and receive trajectory data of other CAVs in communication range. These trajectory data can be leveraged with recent advances in deep learning methods to potentially predict the trajectories of a target HDV. Based on these predictions, CAVs can react to circumvent or mitigate traffic flow oscillations and accidents. This study develops attention-based long short-term memory (LSTM) models for HDV longitudinal trajectory prediction in a mixed flow environment. The model and a few other LSTM variants are tested on the Next Generation Simulation US 101 dataset with different CAV market penetration rates (MPRs). Results illustrate that LSTM models that utilize historical trajectories from surrounding CAVs perform much better than those that ignore information even when the MPR is as low as 0.2. The attention-based LSTM models can provide more accurate multi-step longitudinal trajectory predictions. Further, grid-level average attention weight analysis is conducted and the CAVs with higher impact on the target HDV’s future trajectories are identified.
Performance Evaluation of Basic Turbo Roundabouts as an Alternative to Conventional Double-Lane Roundabouts
Authors: Elhassy Zuhair , Abou-Senna Hatem , Radwan Essam
Published: February 2021

Since their introduction in the late 1990s, basic turbo roundabouts have made a great success in several European countries. Researchers, however, have been unable to reach a general consensus on the operational performance advantages and benefits derived from such a novel design of multi-lane roundabouts, as compared with conventional double-lane roundabouts. Those contradictory results could be mostly attributed to wide variations in driver behavior among different traffic environments. This study aims to analyze and evaluate the operational performance of an existing, congested double-lane roundabout in the State of Florida and a proposed, simulated basic turbo roundabout. Local field data was used to accurately calibrate and validate the microsimulation models and to precisely capture local driving behavior. Three scenarios were created for evaluation. Results indicated that basic turbo roundabouts with regulatory entry speed as per Dutch standards, that is, 25 mph, were the most suitable alternative to reduce average delay and provide comparable capacity to double-lane conventional roundabouts for traffic flow ranging between 4,350 and 6,050 vehicles per hour. However, double-lane conventional roundabouts, including their major and minor approaches, always managed to process significantly more vehicles.
Chronic Adaptations of the Posterior Rotator Cuff in Professional Pitchers
Authors: Thomas Stephen J. , Cobb Justin , Sheridan Scott , Rauch Joseph , Paul Ryan W.
Published: February 2021

Background:

Because of the large forces and high frequency of throwing, the upper extremity experiences repetitive stresses that lead to acute and chronic adaptations. While the importance of pennation angle and muscle thickness as predictors of muscle force production has been shown in other populations and other joints, there has been little research done that examines these variables in the shoulders of baseball players.

Purpose:

(1) To examine the chronic effect pitching has on the rotator cuff muscle architecture (pennation angle and muscle thickness) in healthy professional baseball pitchers, and (2) to examine the correlation between muscle architecture and clinical measures of strength and range of motion (ROM).

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Twenty-eight healthy professional pitchers were recruited during the 2019 spring training. Internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) strength were measured with a handheld dynamometer and IR and ER ROM were measured with an inclinometer. A diagnostic ultrasound machine was utilized to capture images of humeral retroversion, as well as the pennation angle and muscle thickness of the infraspinatus and teres minor muscles. ImageJ software was used to quantify the pennation angle and muscle thickness.

Results:

There were no significant differences between the dominant and nondominant arms for ER or IR strength. Also, no pennation angle and muscle thickness differences were found between the dominant and nondominant arms. A weak positive relationship between infraspinatus muscle thickness (superficial and total) and ER strength ( P = .016, R = 0.287 and P = .009, R = 0.316) and a moderate negative relationship between soft tissue glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) and the bilateral difference of the teres minor deep pennation angle ( R = −0.477, P = .008) were observed. No other significant relationships were noted.

Conclusion:

Our results are contrary to current literature as we expected to see a stronger dominant arm, with a larger pennation angle and greater muscle thickness. Interestingly, we found that ER strength was positively related to only the thickness of the infraspinatus muscle, and that soft tissue GIRD was positively related to only the side-to-side adaptation of the pennation angle within the deep portion of the teres minor. This suggests that when posterior shoulder tightness occurs, specifically the architecture of the teres minor muscle is involved. However, the organization to which these players belonged has a very extensive training protocol throughout the year that emphasizes bilateral training during a large majority of the exercises. Therefore, the results may not be generalizable to all professional players.
Scapegoating and the ‘angry black woman’
Authors: Kent Jacinta
Published: February 2021

The scapegoating of ‘angry black women’ achieves the paradoxical feat of ascribing power while simultaneously taking it away. This article aims to highlight how women of colour may be scapegoated as a result of intersecting, deep-rooted, and malignant forces operating within the (un)conscious, with a particular focus on racism. A lack of relevant literature is identified so to better understand the causation and effects of this phenomenon, group analytic concepts are cross-pollinated with black feminist, white feminist, and black political theory. It is suggested that conductors could do more to manage destructive forces in groups and so three anti-racist approaches are proposed. Concluding thoughts note that if our groups are permeated by the social, the same may be said of our theoretical framework. It is hoped that by consulting other specialist disciplines and integrating their knowledge into group analytic training and professional practice, our aims of being more inclusive, accessible, and diverse become ever-more attainable.
Stop evaluating science: A historical-sociological argument
Authors: Hallonsten Olof
Published: February 2021

Although science has been a formidably successful force of social and technological development in the modern era, and a main reason for the wealth and well-being of current societies compared to previous times, a fundamental distrust characterizes its current status in society. According to prevalent discourse, science is insufficiently productive and in need of stricter governance and bureaucratic management, with performance evaluation by the means of quantitative metrics as a key tool to increase efficiency. The basis of this notion appears to be a belief that the key or only purpose of science is to drive economic growth, or sustainable development in combination with economic growth. In this article, these beliefs are analyzed and deconstructed with the help of a theoretical toolbox from the classic sociology of science and recent conceptualizations of economization, democratization, and commodification of scientific knowledge and the institution of science, connecting these beliefs to broader themes of market fundamentalism and to the metric fixation of current society. With the help of a historical-sociological analysis, this article shows that the current ubiquity of performance evaluation in science for the most part is pointless and counterproductive, and that this state of science policy is in dire need of reevaluation in order to secure science’s continued productivity and contribution to social and technological innovation.
Plant-based Medicines (Phytoceuticals) in the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders: A Meta-review of Meta-analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials: Les médicaments à base de plantes (phytoceutiques) dans le traitement des troubles psychiatriques: une méta-revue des méta-analyses d’essais randomisés contrôlés
Authors: Sarris Jerome , Marx Wolfgang , Ashton Melanie M. , Ng Chee H. , Galvao-Coelho Nicole , Ayati Zahra , Zhang Zhang-Jin , Kasper Siegfried , Ravindran Arun , Harvey Brian H. , Lopresti Adrian , Mischoulon David , Amsterdam Jay , Yatham Lakshmi N. , Berk Michael
Published: February 2021

Objectives:

Plant-based medicines have had a long-standing history of use in psychiatric disorders. Highly quantified and standardized extracts or isolates may be termed “phytoceuticals,” in a similar way that medicinal nutrients are termed as “nutraceuticals.” Over the past 2 decades, several meta-analyses have examined the data for a range of plant-based medicines in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. The aim of this international project is to provide a “meta-review” of this top-tier evidence.

Methods:

We identified, synthesized, and appraised all available up to date meta-analyses... of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting on the efficacy and effectiveness of individual phytoceuticals across all major psychiatric disorders.

Results:

Our systematic search identified 9 relevant meta-analyses of RCTs, with primary analyses including outcome data from 5,927 individuals. Supportive meta-analytic evidence was found for St John’s wort for major depressive disorder (MDD); curcumin and saffron for MDD or depression symptoms, and ginkgo for total and negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Kava was not effective in treating diagnosed anxiety disorders. We also provide details on 22 traditional Chinese herbal medicine formulas’ meta-analyses (primarily for depression studies), all of which revealed highly significant and large effect sizes. Their methodology, reporting, and potential publication bias were, however, of marked concern. The same caveat was noted for the curcumin, ginkgo, and saffron meta-analyses, which may also have significant publication bias.

Conclusions:

More rigorous international studies are required to validate the efficacy of these phytoceuticals before treatment recommendations can be made. In conclusion, the breadth of data tentatively supports several phytoceuticals which may be effective for mental disorders alongside pharmaceutical, psychological therapies, and standard lifestyle recommendations.
A Phenomenographic Analysis of College Students’ Conceptions of and Approaches to Programming Learning: Insights From a Comparison of Computer Science and Non-Computer Science Contexts
Authors: Chou Te-Lien , Tang Kai-Yu , Tsai Chin-Chung
Published: February 2021

Programming learning has become an essential literacy for computer science (CS) and non-CS students in the digital age. Researchers have addressed that students’ conceptions of learning influence their approaches to learning, and thus impact their learning outcomes. Therefore, we aimed to uncover students’ conceptions of programming learning (CoPL) and approaches to programming learning (APL), and analyzed the differences between CS and non-CS students. Phenomenographic analysis was adopted to analyze 31 college students (20 CS-related, and 11 not) from northern Taiwan. Results revealed six categories of CoPL hierarchically: 1. memorizing concepts, logic, and syntax, 2. computing and practicing programming writing, 3. expressing programmers’ ideas and relieving pressure, 4. applying and understanding, 5. increasing one’s knowledge and improving one’s competence, and 6. seeing in a new way. Four categories of APL were also found, namely: 1. copying from the textbook, teachers, or others, 2. rote memory, 3. multiple exploration attempts, and 4. online or offline community interactions. Furthermore, we found that most CS students held higher level CoPL (e.g., seeing in a new way) than non-CS students. However, compared with non-CS students, CS students adopted more surface approaches to learning programming, such as copying and rote memory. Implications are discussed.
Youths’ Perceptions of Features of a Museum-Based Youth Development Program That Create a Supportive Community Context: A Qualitative Case Study
Authors: Mroczkowski Alison L. , Price C. Aaron , Harris Natalie C. , Skeeles-Worley Angela D.
Published: February 2021

Supportive community contexts are critical to positive youth development. Out-of-school time (OST) programs serve as supportive community contexts, and participation in OST programs is associated with a host of positive outcomes for youth. Cultural centers, such as museums, have been identified as potentially supportive community contexts for youth. Still, museums have been mostly absent in the broader research discussion of the role of community-based OST programs in promoting positive youth development. The current article presents a qualitative, single-case study of 37 youth between the ages of 13 and 18, the majority of whom identified with racial/ethnic identity groups traditionally underrepresented in OST program participation, in which we examined youths’ perspectives of the features of a museum-based, science-focused, youth development program that they found to be particularly supportive. Five themes emerged, including (a) the program structure, (b) meaningful opportunities and experiences offered by the program, (c) relationships with staff, (d) a positive peer culture, and (e) sense of belonging. The results provide detailed insight into how cultural centers, such as museums, can serve as supportive community contexts for youth development.
Disaster Recovery: How Ad Hoc Marketing Systems Build and Mobilize Social Capital for Service Delivery
Authors: Ozanne Lucie K. , Ozanne Julie L.
Published: February 2021

Communities are increasingly confronted with disasters that bring acute and chronic challenges. Previous research highlights the importance of ad hoc marketing exchange systems for expanding community resource capacities following a disaster. The current study builds on this research, taking a granular look at an existing ad hoc marketing system that provided exchange services before a disaster. Prior to an earthquake, this ad hoc system built three forms of social capital—structural, cognitive, and relational—and expanded latent capacities for self-organizing and learning. Following a natural disaster, the ad hoc marketing system flexed to meet individual and community needs. Specifically, three types of learning—routine, extended routine, and improvisational—emerged, mobilizing existing social capital to deliver recovery services and goods. This study highlights the delivery of recovery goods and services as an ad hoc marketing system evolved to become a learning system during the months and years of recovery. Implications are explored for citizens, municipalities, policy makers, and businesses by highlighting the importance of building and practicing diverse forms of social capital before a disturbance so that capacities can be mobilized during recovery.
Power and the Tweet: How Viral Messaging Conveys Political Advantage
Authors: Crow Kellie , Galande Ashish S. , Chylinski Mathew , Mathmann Frank
Published: February 2021

Researchers are increasingly confronting the need to examine the impacts of social media on democratic discourse. Analyzing 55,560 tweets from the official Twitter accounts of the Democratic and Republican Parties in the United States, the authors examine approaches used by political parties to encourage sharing of their content within the contemporary political divide. They show that tweets sent by the Republican Party are more likely to be predominant in the language of assessment and that tweets predominant in the language of assessment lead to more retweets. Further, this effect is reduced as political parties gain control of successive branches of government because successive increases in political power create fewer impediments to the implementation of a party’s political agenda. As impediments to action are reduced, so is regulatory fit for assessment-oriented language. Goal pursuit language shared on Twitter therefore reveals distinct approaches to obtaining and wielding power across the U.S. political system and constitutes an important tool for public policy makers to use in successfully conducting policy debates.
Predictive value of novel biomarkers for chronic kidney disease among workers occupationally exposed to silica
Authors: Ramadan Mona Abdallah , Abdelgwad Marwa , Fouad Marwa Mohammed
Published: February 2021

There is a pressing need to find reliable biomarkers for the early diagnosis of silica-induced nephropathy. Abundant genes are upregulated in damaged kidneys with subsequent protein products appearing in the urine. Liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) are among the most promising. Our objective was to study the importance of L-FABP and KIM-1 genes and their urinary proteins in the early detection of silica-induced renal injury, as compared with other conventional biomarkers. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 90 pottery workers occupationally exposed to silica, as compared to 90 controls. A full history taking and complete clinical examination were performed. Levels of serum creatinine, liver enzymes, urinary silicon, KIM-1, and L-FABP gene expression and protein products were measured. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated, and abdominal ultrasound was performed. The results showed that the silica-exposed group had a statistically significant increase in serum creatinine and urinary silica, as well as a significant decrease in eGFR. Additionally, a significant increase in KIM-1 and L-FABP gene expression, associated with a significant increase in their urinary protein, was found among the exposed group. A positive correlation between urinary silica level and L-FABP gene expression was also found. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for L-FABP and KIM-1 gene as predictors for silica-induced nephropathy showed that L-FABP gene and protein specificity were greater than the KIM-1 gene and protein. Taken together, these findings suggest that the L-FABP gene and its protein product may be used as early indicators for renal injury among silica exposed workers.
Neuroimaging of Children With Takayasu Arteritis
Authors: Sönmez Hafize Emine , Demir Ferhat , Özdel Semanur , Karadağ Şerife Gül , Bağlan Esra , Bülbül Mehmet , Çakan Mustafa , Ayaz Nuray Aktay , Sözeri Betül
Published: February 2021

Objective:

Takayasu arteritis is a rare granulomatous chronic vasculitis that affects the aorta and its main branches. Neurologic manifestations can accompany the disease; however, there is no study on neuroimaging in children with Takayasu arteritis. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in pediatric Takayasu arteritis patients.

Materials and Methods:

Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were obtained retrospectively.

Results:

The study included 15 pediatric Takayasu arteritis patients. All patients presented with constitutional symptoms. Additionally, 6 patients suffered from headache, 2 had syncope, 1 had loss of consciousness, and 1 had convulsion. All patients underwent cranial and diffusion MRI a median 12 months after diagnosis. Cranial MRI findings were normal in 12 patients, whereas 3 patients had abnormal findings, as follows: stenosis in the M1 and M2 segments of the left middle cerebral artery (n = 1); diffuse thinning of the right internal carotid, middle cerebral, and right vertebral and basilar artery (n = 1); as a sequela, areas of focal gliosis in both the lateral ventricular and posterior periventricular regions (n = 1). Among these 3 patients, 1 had no neurologic complaints.

Conclusion:

Abnormal MRI findings can be observed in pediatric Takayasu arteritis patients, even those that are asymptomatic; therefore, clinicians should carefully evaluate neurologic involvement in all pediatric Takayasu arteritis patients.
Improved antibacterial and cellular response of electrets and piezobioceramics
Authors: Singh Angaraj , Dubey Ashutosh Kumar
Published: February 2021

The bacterial contamination in implants has been recognized as one of the key issues in orthopedics. In this article, a new technique of electrical polarization of various non-piezoelectric and piezoelectric biocompatible ceramics has been explored to develop antibacterial implants. Optimally processed hydroxyapatite (HA), BaTiO3 (BT), CaTiO3 (CT), Na0.5K0.5NbO3 (NKN) and their composites have been used as model biomaterials to verify the concept. The phase evolution analyses and microstructural characterizations were performed for sintered samples. The samples were polarized at polarizing voltage and temperature of 20 kV and 500°C, respectively, for 30 min. The hydrophilicity of polarized surfaces was examined using deionized water and culture media. The polarization induced in-vitro antibacterial study was performed for both, gram positive and gram negative bacteria. The viability of Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus) and Escherichia coli ( E. coli) bacteria reduces significantly on the polarized surfaces. In addition, the influence of polarization on antibacterial response has been explored via various mechanisms such as development of reactive oxygen species (ROS), catalase activity and lipoperoxidation. Furthermore, the cellular response of polarized surfaces was also examined using SaOS2 and MG-63 cells. The viability of SaOS2 and MG-63 cells was observed to increase significantly on negatively polarized surfaces. Overall, the surface treatment enhances the antibacterial response of HA, NKN, BT, CT and their composites surfaces with positive influence on cellular response.
Investigation of applying chitosan coating on antibacterial and biocompatibility properties of bredigite/titanium dioxide composite scaffolds
Authors: Ghasemi Sanaz , Ghomi Hamed
Published: February 2021

In this study by considering the advantages of bredigite (Br) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) bioceramics, composite scaffolds of bredigite/titanium dioxide were prepared by the gelcasting method, then, to improve the mechanical, biological and antibacterial properties, scaffolds were coated with chitosan (Ch) polymer phase. The phase structure, fundamental groups, chemical composition, and elemental distribution analysis, morphology and the form of porosity were respectively characterized by XRD, FTIR, EDS, and SEM. Mechanical properties and porosity percentage of scaffolds were also measured by the compressive strength test and Archimedean method, respectively. In order to verify the cell compatibility, MG63 bone marrow cells were cultured on the surface of the specimens. The results showed that the addition of titanium dioxide to the scaffold of bredigite resulted in decrease of porosity and increase of compressive strength of scaffolds from 0.299 to 0.687 MPa. Furthermore, the coated scaffold with chitosan polymer reduced porosity from 83 to 63 percent and a remarkable improvement in compressive strength from 0.585 to 2.339 MPa. The results of the antibacterial test showed that in composite scaffolds, The diameter of the inhibition zone is 22 and 29 mm, in the culture media of Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive), respectively. On the other hand, the results of cell compatibility and cell adhesion tests showed that the scaffolds had no toxicity and the growth, proliferation, and adhesion of MG63 bone cells adjacent to the scaffolds was desirable. Therefore, the scaffold in this study can be used as an ideal scaffold for use in bone tissue engineering.
A novel biocomposite scaffold with antibacterial potential and the ability to promote bone repair
Authors: Li Kai , Guo Ai , Ran Qichun , Tian Hongchuan , Du Xing , Chen Sinan , Wen Yafeng , Tang Yue , Jiang Dianming
Published: February 2021

Clinical treatment of bone defects caused by trauma, tumor resection and other bone diseases, especially bone defects that can lead to infection, remains a major challenge. Currently, autologous bone implantation is the gold standard for treatment of bone defects, but it is limited by secondary trauma and insufficient autologous material. Moreover, postoperative infection is an important factor affecting bone healing.AcN-RADARADARADARADA-CONH2 (RADA) is a new type of self-assembling peptide(SAP) composed of Arg,Ala,Asp and other amino acids was designed and prepared. The “RADA” self-assembling peptide hydrogels has excellent biological activity and it’s completely biodegradable and non-toxic.It is also have been confirmed to promote cell proliferation, wound healing, tissue repair, and drug delivery. To promote bone regeneration and simultaneously prevent bacterial infection, we designed biocomposite scaffolds comprising RADA and calcium phosphate cement (CPC), termed RADA-CPC. The morphological features of the scaffold were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In vitro studies demonstrated that RADA-CPC enhances osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and mineralization. In addition, the scaffold was used as a drug delivery system to treat postoperative infections by sustained release of ciprofloxacin (CIP). The RADA-CPC scaffold may have potential application prospects in orthopedics field because of its role in promoting bone repair and as a sustained-release drug carrier to prevent infections.
Biological and mechanical evaluation of mineralized-hydrogel scaffolds for tissue engineering applications
Authors: Tejo-Otero Aitor , Ritchie Alastair C
Published: February 2021

Chitosan and gelatin have been extensively used in tissue engineering for a wide range of different applications, such as wound healing or bone regeneration, due to their advantages: excellent biocompatibility (promoting cell adhesion and proliferation), low price and biodegradability. Nonetheless, their main drawback is that they have poor mechanical properties, consequently restricting their use in bone tissue engineering. In previous studies, both materials were cross-linked, with added calcium minerals, which led to an improvement in both mechanical and biological properties. Therefore, this study carries out a mechanical and biological characterization of mineral-hydrogel scaffolds in order to find the best compositions. Different proportions of calcium compounds (CaCO3 and CaHPO4) are used to make up between 20% and 30% of the minerals used in a mineral-hydrogel mix. This addition of minerals enhances not only the mechanical properties, but also the biological ones. On the one hand, the higher the amount of minerals added to the composition, the better the mechanical properties obtained. Additionally, as the proportion of CaCO3 in comparison with CaHPO4 rises, the mechanical properties improve. On the other hand, both cell proliferation and mineralization are improved with the addition of calcium minerals.
Psychology and Wikipedia: Measuring Psychology Journals’ Impact by Wikipedia Citations
Authors: Banasik-Jemielniak Natalia , Jemielniak Dariusz , Wilamowski Maciej
Published: February 2021

The aim of the study was to explore the impact of peer-reviewed psychology journals on Wikipedia articles. We are presenting a rank of academic journals classified as pertaining to psychology, most cited on Wikipedia, as well as a rank of general-themed academic journals that were most frequently referenced in Wikipedia entries related to psychology. We then compare the list to journals that are considered most prestigious according to the SciMago journal rank score. Additionally, we describe the time trajectories of the knowledge transfer from the moment of the publication of an article to its citation in Wikipedia. We propose that the citation rate on Wikipedia, next to the traditional citation index, may be a good indicator of the work’s impact in the field of psychology.
The Artisan Economy and the New Spirit of Capitalism
Authors: Munro Kirstin , O’Kane Chris
Published: February 2021

Against the backdrop of deindustrialization and the rise of the service economy, small artisan businesses have been promoted as a liberatory alternative to large-scale enterprise and mass production in the wake of the 2007 global financial crisis. We analyze advice manuals for aspiring artisan entrepreneurs by adapting Boltanski and Chiapello’s (2005) framework and analysis of management textbooks to investigate books for would-be artisan business owners. These texts are “manuals of moral instruction” (58) that offer the reader the promise of a more fulfilling and ethical life through self-employment. We reveal that the artisan economy promoted by these advice manuals represents a further evolution in capitalism’s co-optation of the artistic critique via the oppositional strata of punk and indie youth subcultures—and their style.
Discordance Between Subjective and Objective Cognitive Function in Older Korean Americans
Authors: Jang Yuri , Choi Eun Young , Franco Yujin , Park Nan Sook , Chiriboga David A. , Kim Miyong T.
Published: February 2021

Objectives: To examine predictors of membership in discordant groups identified by subjective and objective measures of cognitive function. Methods: Participants in the Study of Older Korean Americans ( N = 2046) were classified according to their subjective cognitive ratings ( excellent/ very good/ good vs. fair/ poor) and Mini-Mental State Examination scores (normal cognition vs. cognitive impairment), yielding two discordant groups: (1) positive ratings but cognitive impairment and (2) negative ratings but normal cognition. Logistic regression models examined how the discordant group membership was associated with personal resources. Results: Among those with positive cognitive ratings, the odds of belonging to the discordant group were associated with low personal resources (advanced age and lower levels of education, acculturation, and knowledge about Alzheimer’s disease). However, an opposite pattern was observed among those with negative ratings. Discussion: The pattern of discordance suggests ways to promote early detection of cognitive impairment and close the gap in cognitive health care.
Women Managers’ Impact on Use of Family-friendly Measures among Their Subordinates in Japanese Firms
Authors: Fuwa Makiko
Published: February 2021

Using data from the Survey on Support for Work–Life Balance conducted in Japan, this study investigates the role of female managers in enhancing their male and female subordinates’ access to family-friendly measures in the workplace. Research on organisational gender inequality has proposed two contrasting perspectives regarding the impact of female managers on gender inequality, describing female managers as either ‘change agents’ or ‘cogs in the machine’. However, previous research has rarely investigated whether female managers address men’s limited access to family-friendly measures, which is often the hidden side of the coin of gender imbalance in male-dominated organisations. Results indicate that female managers were more likely to have subordinates who take parental leave and to exhibit stronger support for male subordinates’ family-related requests than male managers, although, like male managers, they reported feeling that managing their sections during these absences is a challenge. The implications of the findings are discussed.