bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impella as unloading strategy during VA-ECMO: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fiorelli Francesca , Panoulas Vasileios
Published: December 2021

Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is used as mechanical circulatory support in cardiogenic shock (CS). It restores peripheral perfusion, at the expense of increased left ventricle (LV) afterload. In this setting, Impella can be used as direct unloading strategy. Aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate efficacy and safety of LV unloading with Impella during ECMO in CS. A systematic search on Medline, Scopus and Cochrane Library was performed using as combination of keywords: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, Impella, percutaneous micro axial pump, ECPELLA, cardiogenic shock. We aimed to include studies, which compared the use of ECMO with and without Impella (ECPELLA vs. ECMO). Primary endpoint was short-term all-cause mortality; secondary endpoints included major bleeding, haemolysis, need for renal replacement therapy (RRT) and cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Five studies met the inclusion criteria, with a total population of 972 patients. The ECPELLA cohort showed improved survival compared to the control group (RR (Risk Ratio): 0.86; 95% CI (Confidence Interval): 0.76, 0.96; p = 0.009). When including in the analysis only studies with homogeneous comparator groups, LV unloading with Impella remained associated with significant reduction in mortality (RR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.75, 0.97; p = 0.01). Haemolysis (RR: 1.70; 95% CI: 1.35, 2.15; p < 0.00001) and RRT (RR: 1.86; 95% CI: 1.07, 3.21; p = 0.03) occurred at a higher rate in the ECPELLA group. There was no difference between the two groups in terms of major bleeding (RR: 1.37; 95% CI: 0.88, 2.13; p = 0.16) and CVA (RR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.61, 1.38; p = 0.66). In conclusion, LV unloading with Impella during ECMO was associated with improved survival, despite increased haemolysis and need for RRT, without additional risk of major bleeding and CVA.
Effects of aerobic, resistance, and combined exercise on metabolic syndrome parameters and cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Liang Minyu , Pan Yichao , Zhong Tong , Zeng Yingchun , Cheng Andy S.K.
Published: December 2021

This study examines the effects of aerobic, resistance, and combined exercise on metabolic syndrome parameters and cardiovascular risk factors, to identify the most effective way of improving metabolic syndrome and preventing cardiovascular disease. We searched EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, PubMed, MEDLINE, Ovid, the Chinese Biological Medicine Database (CBM), the Wanfang Database, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database, and the Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP), for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), identifying 15 comparing the effects of aerobic, resistance, and combined exercise on metabolic syndrome parameters and cardiovascular risk factors (e.g., glucose, triglyceride, blood pressure, body mass index, etc.). We assessed the quality of the articles and performed a network meta-analysis with a Bayesian random effects model to synthesize direct and indirect evidence. Combined exercise was most effective at controlling glucose and total triglyceride (TG) levels. Aerobic, resistance, and combined exercise groups achieved significant effects regarding body fat. Aerobic exercise was superior to resistance exercise regarding body mass index (BMI). There was no statistically significant difference in weight, waist circumference (WC), levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), insulin, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) among the exercise groups. Combined exercise was the best exercise scheme for improving weight, WC, DBP, TG, TC, glucose, and insulin levels. Resistance exercise was most effective at ameliorating body fat, LDL-C levels, and SBP. Aerobic exercise was the optimal way of improving BMI and HDL-C levels. This network meta-analysis suggests combined exercise is the most effective choice in improving the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk parameters, whereas aerobic exercise reveals the minimum effect. Further studies should certify the role resistance exercises play in metabolic syndrome and cardiac rehabilitation.
Immediate postoperative interventional therapy for neurologic salvage when cerebral thromboembolism complicates carotid endarterectomy
Authors: Wang Chunlei , Zheng Bingjie , Gareev Ilgiz , Beylerli Ozal , Gu Yan , Xu Shancai , Ji Zhiyong , Wu Pei , Shi Huaizhang
Published: December 2021

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) continues to be one of the most important medical and social problems in our country. Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is the standard and effective surgical treatment for AIS prevention in patients with significant carotid artery stenosis. Even though CEA is a safe procedure when performed by an experienced surgeon, it is still associated with risks of operative complications inherent to any surgical intervention. Therefore, immediate postoperative appropriate adjuvant or neurological salvage therapy for AIS patients after CEA is necessary. In this study,we report three patients in our institution who received immediate post-operative interventional therapy for neurological salvage, in the setting of cerebral embolism after CEA.
Impact of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury on activities of daily living at discharge in elderly cardiac surgery patients
Authors: Kubo Ikko , Izawa Kazuhiro P. , Kajisa Nozomu , Ogura Asami , Ogawa Masato , Kanai Masashi , Brubaker Peter H. , Sato Shunsuke
Published: December 2021

Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) is a critical complication associated with mortality and morbidity. This study aimed to clarify the impact of CSA-AKI on activities of daily living (ADL) at discharge in elderly cardiac surgery patients. We included 122 cardiac patients who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery, valve surgery, or combined surgery by mid-line incision followed by postoperative cardiac rehabilitation (CR) from March 2015 to May 2020. CSA-AKI was based on KDIGO criteria. The index of ADL was the Functional Independence Measure (FIM). We compared background factors, clinical parameters, activity level before hospitalization, CR progress, and FIM in patients with or without CSA-AKI. Multiple regression analysis was performed with FIM at discharge as the dependent variable and items with p < 0.01 in bivariate correlation as independent variables. Ultimately, 122 patients were divided into the non-CSA-AKI group (n = 84) and CSA-AKI group (n = 38). CR progression in the CSA-AKI group was significantly slower and FIM was lower than that in the non-CSA-AKI group. Moreover, even after adjustment for confounding factors, CSA-AKI (β = –0.18), start day of walking (β = –0.34), postoperative atrial fibrillation (β = –0.15), and activity level before hospitalization (β = –0.37) were predictive factors of ADL decline at discharge (adjusted R2 = 0.52). CSA-AKI of elderly cardiac surgery patients was a predictive factor of ADL decline at discharge.
Percentage of hematocrit decrease after the initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass—clinical implications and affecting factors
Authors: Udzik Jakub , Biskupski Andrzej , Szylińska Aleksandra , Kowalska Zuzanna , Listewnik Mariusz
Published: December 2021

Decrease of patient’s hematocrit level is a natural process which occurs during the initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass. To some extent it is a beneficial occurrence, but excessive hematocrit decrease can lead to many complications and increase patient’s demand for blood transfusion. In this study authors investigated the causes and clinical implications of ≥30% hematocrit decrease after the initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass. Retrospective analysis of 172 patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery procedures was conducted. It was concluded that 30% or greater hematocrit decrease (comparing to preoperative level) after the initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass, is associated with an increased demand for blood transfusion. The most important factors influencing hematocrit decrease after the initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass proved to be: lower BMI, female gender, more advanced age and the usage of priming fluid of higher volume and lower osmolality.
Altered circulating marinobufagenin levels and recurrent intradialytic hypotensive episodes in chronic hemodialysis patients: a pilot, prospective study
Authors: Bolignano Davide , Greco Marta , Presta Pierangela , Crugliano Giuseppina , Sabatino Jolanda , Carullo Nazareno , Arena Roberta , Leo Isabella , Comi Alessandro , Andreucci Michele , Dragone Francesco , Strangio Antonio , Indolfi Ciro , Foti Daniela Patrizia , De
						Rosa Salvatore , Coppolino Giuseppe
Published: December 2021

Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is a sudden and often serious complication of chronic hemodialysis (HD). In this prospective study, we aimed at evaluating the clinical predictors of IDH in a homogeneous cohort of chronic HD patients, with a particular focus on marinobufagenin (MBG), an endogenous cardiotonic steroid which alterations have previously been involved in various cardiovascular disorders. MBG levels in HD patients were significantly higher than in controls (p = 0.03), remained unchanged throughout a single HD session and were not correlated with the absolute or partial fluid loss achieved. During a 30-day follow-up, 19 patients (65.5%) experienced at least one IDH (73 total episodes). An inverse correlation was found between baseline MBG and the number of IDH (R = –0.55; p = 0.001). HD patients experiencing IDH presented remarkably lower baseline MBG as compared to others (p = 0.008) with a statistically significant trend during HD (p = 0.02). At Kaplan-Meier analyses, HD patients with lower MBG manifested a four-to-six fold increased risk of IDH during follow-up (crude Hazard Ratio ranging from 4.37 to 6.68). At Cox regression analyses, MBG measurement at different time points resulted the strongest time-dependent predictors of IDH among all the variables considered (HR ranging from 0.068 to 0.155; p: 0.002 to <0.0001). Findings obtained suggest that differently altered MBG in chronic HD patients may reflect a diverse vascular and hemodynamic tolerance to HD stress, eventually leading to recurrent IDH episodes. Further studies are needed to confirm the prognostic capacity of MBG for identifying HD patients at high risk of IDH, particularly those with apparently optimal fluid status.
Can exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation increase physical activity in patients who have undergone total thoracoscopic ablation?
Authors: Seo Yong-Gon , Kim Myung-Ki , Sung Jidong , Jeong Dong-Seop
Published: December 2021

Evidence of the effect of exercise therapy in patients who have undergone total thoracoscopic ablation is lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of eight weeks exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation on cardiopulmonary fitness and adherence to exercise in patients who underwent total thoracoscopic ablation and followed a regimen of exercise therapy. Twenty-four patients were involved in the study and were divided into two groups. The exercise group underwent exercise therapy, which included aerobic and resistance exercises, twice a week as part of an eight weeks hospital-based outpatient cardiac rehabilitation program. Cardiopulmonary exercise test was used to evaluate exercise capacity and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire was utilized to identify the amount of physical activity and confirm adherence to exercise at six months postoperatively. There were significant differences between the groups in moderate activity level (p = 0.004) and extent of total physical activity (p = 0.0001). Complications such as recurrent atrial fibrillation did not occur during the exercise training. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation was beneficial in maintaining the activity level at six months postoperatively. Early exercise intervention at four weeks post-surgical ablation is a safe and effective therapy that can increase physical activity. Further studies are needed to verify the effect of exercise intervention in a larger sample size of patients who have undergone total thoracoscopic ablation.
The P wave dispersion—one pixel, one millisecond
Authors: Zawadzki Jacek , Zawadzki Grzegorz , Radziejewska Jadwiga , Wolff Peter-Stephan , Sławuta Agnieszka , Gajek Jacek
Published: December 2021

The electrophysiological activity of the heart is recorded and presented in form of electrocardiogram (ECG). In 1998 the concept of P wave dispersion as the risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence was introduced. It was calculated as the difference between the longest and the shortest P wave. The aim of our study is to prove that the P wave dispersion is an artifact of low accuracy in P wave measurement. The study included 186 patients (78M 108F) aged 59.7 ± 12.9 years, undergoing various electrophysiological procedures. The P wave was measured twice: first, at the paper speed of 50 mm/s, enhancement 8× (standard – imprecise) and the second time at 200 mm/s, 64–256× (precise). The imprecise measurement method resulted in different duration of all P wave parameters in comparison with precise measurement. The difference between Δ P max and Δ P min indicated a higher value for the latter parameter. It was indicated that the imprecise P wave dispersion value correlated most significantly with the maximal P wave duration, which was measured in a similar way. In contrast with the imprecise measurement method, the minimal and maximal durations of the P waves, being measured accurately, were almost identical. Using precise methodology, the P wave dispersion reaches negligible values and tends to zero. The measurements of the P wave have to be precise to assure the highest scientific and medical sincerity. The highest clinical value is related to the P wave duration.
Successful conversion strategy in patient submitted to EVAR demanding open surgery: comparative analysis 1997–2011 vs 2012–2020
Authors: Ascoli
						Marchetti Andrea , Oddi Fabio Massimo , Tonidandel Luca , Ranucci Alessandro , Caruso Cataldo , Battistini Martina , Fazzini Stefano , Ippoliti Arnaldo
Published: December 2021

Late open conversion in our center has been reviewed in the past 8 years, comparing 1997–2011 (first period group A) with 2012–2020 (second period group B). A retrospective analysis of patients treated at our centre by standard EVAR for infrarenal aortic aneurysm requiring late open conversion between January 1997 and February 2020 was performed. All stent grafts were implanted according to their current IFU all patients. The data concerning intra and postoperative complications were collected. Post-operative evaluated data include: ICU (Intensive Care Unit) stay, major peri-operative (<30 days) complications, in hospital mortality, length of hospital stay, 30-days mortality, and mid-term outcomes. Between January 2012 and February 2020 (group B), in our institution 8 patients previously treated by stent graft with endoleak underwent open surgery. The incidence of conversions and the 30-day mortality rate were compared with that of previous years, from January 1997 to December 2011 (group A). 481 patients submitted to EVAR in a second part of the analysis have been considered, 8 patients underwent late open conversion (1.7%) (Group B) due to endoleak. Among January 1997 and December 2011 overall 268 EVAR were performed; during this first study period, surgical conversion had been performed in 14 patients (5.2%) (Group A). The average time from EVAR to open conversion was four years (range 12–88 months) in Group B, and it was 30 months (range 1–82 months) in Group A. In most cases, in both group A and group B the proximal aortic cross-clamping were infrarenal. After the emergent procedure in Group B (12.5%), we have observed a death, whereas three patients died in Group A in urgent situations (21.4%). The more frequent indication for open surgery is the Endoleak type 1 and migration in the two considered periods. Adherence with current IFU and the technical progress in endoprosthesis design maintain lower rate incidence. In most cases, open surgery for prostheses that require explantation can be performed with infrarenal clamping. Partial removal of the endoprosthesis in selected cases makes open conversion easier and appears durable. The results are unfair by numerous comorbidities; in both periods, urgent graft removal seems to elevate both mortality and morbidity, compared to elective surgery.
The association of procedural variables and lipid parameters with coronary rotational atherectomy outcomes
Authors: Zhang Shuang , Zhang Wen-Jia , Shi Hui-Wei , Li Zhi-Fan , Sui Yong-Gang , Qian Jie , Wu Na-Qiong
Published: December 2021

The aim of our study is to evaluate the association of rotational atherectomy (RA) operation procedural indices and baseline lipid parameters with the prognosis of the patients with severe coronary calcification who underwent RA. Our study population consists of 287 patients treated with RA in Fuwai Hospital from January 2013 to December 2019. We analyzed the patients’ rotation procedural indices including the number of burrs, the size of burrs, approach site, the size of guiding catheter, along with the baseline level of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) to examine the association of these measurements with the prognosis of these patients using Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. We find that during the follow-up period of 56.7 months with the median, the use of single burr in the patients who underwent RA was significantly associated with the occurrence of cumulative major adverse cardiac events (MACE) when compared with using non-single burrs [Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.43, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.24–0.77, p = 0.004] from univariate Cox regression analysis; (HR 0.36, 95% CI 0.20–0.66, p = 0.001) from multivariate Cox regression analysis In addition, we find a higher event-free survival rate in the single-burr group after Kaplan-Meier survival analysis (Log rank p = 0.0033). However, there was no significant association of the size of burrs with the occurrence of MACE (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.47–1.73, p = 0.76). Similarly, we find no significant associations between the approach site and the occurrence of MACE (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.24–2.53, p = 0.69), the baseline Lp(a) (HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.76–1.49, p = 0.71), the level of LDL-C (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.55–1.26, p = 0.38) or hs-CRP (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.45–1.58, p = 0.60). We find that the patients who receive RA with a single burr have better outcomes than those who receive RA with non-single burrs. Moreover,we find that the number of burrs used in RA instead of the size of burrs, approach site, the size of guiding catheter, or baseline levels of Lp(a), LDL-C or hs-CRP had significant association with the prognosis of RA patients.
Molecular imaging diagnosis of atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque in rabbit carotid artery using a self-assembled nanoscale ultrasound microbubble contrast agent
Authors: Wang Cong , Yang Shaoling , Chen Xiaoxue , He Qianqian , Zhao Kun , Hu Jing
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to prepare an anti-Vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1) nanoscale ultrasound microbubble contrast agent using the hyperbranched self-assembly method for the molecular imaging diagnosis of atherosclerotic vulnerable plaques in rabbits. Twenty-five rabbits with carotid atherosclerosis were randomly divided into 5 groups, and the ear vein was injected with agents as follows: Groups A and B: nanoscale ultrasound microbubble contrast agent with and without anti-VCAM-1 agent; Groups C and D: SonoVue ultrasonic microbubble contrast agent, with and without anti-VCAM-1 agent; Control group: saline. The molecular imaging diagnosis of the atherosclerotic plaque, involved the examination of its vulnerability in the rabbit carotid artery was performed using the contrast ultrasound mode. The arrival and peaking time of the anti-VCAM-1 nanoscale ultrasound microbubble contrast agent (Group A) for plaque occurred earlier than those of the other groups (p < 0.05), and with it, the plaque showed the strongest enhancement (p < 0.05), followed by the SonoVue ultrasound microbubble contrast agent with anti-VCAM-1 group (Group C) and the self-made nanoscale ultrasound microbubble contrast agent group (Group B). No development was observed in the plaques of the SonoVue ultrasound microbubble contrast agent group and the control group. The anti-VCAM-1 nanoscale ultrasonic microbubble contrast agent, prepared using the self-assembly method, can facilitate the development effect of the carotid atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque, providing a basis for the molecular imaging diagnosis of carotid atherosclerotic vulnerable plaques.
Enoxaparin dose impacts blood cell phenotypes during mild SARS-CoV-2 infection: the observational single-center study
Authors: Buryachkovskaya Liudmila , Lomakin Nikita , Melkumyants Arthur , Docenko Julia , Ermishkin Vladimir , Serebruany Victor
Published: December 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with various hemostatic abnormalities requiring constant search for better delicate antithrombotic management in these high-risk patients. The choice and the optimal dose of anticoagulant is important, but unclear, especially for mild COVID-19. Enoxaparin has been tested in several COVID trials with mixed results regarding hard clinical outcomes including mortality. We analyzed clinical, laboratory data and changes in platelets, erythrocytes and leukocytes by scanning electron microscopy on admission and at hospital discharge in patients with confirmed COVID-19 treated with enoxaparin (n = 31) and matched healthy controls (n = 32) in a retrospective observational study. The data were triaged by enoxaparin dose comparing 40 mg/daily prophylactic enoxaparin dose (PED) with 80 mg/daily therapeutic (TED) regimens. All patients experienced mild disease, none required pulmonary support, and all survived. The impact of enoxaparin dose was prominent for platelets and erythrocytes, but less evident for leukocytes. PED was associated with significant platelet activation, diminished numbers of silent nonactive discoid cells, and increased number and size of platelet microaggregates with leukocyte involvement. In contrast, TED did not cause extra platelet activation, while circulating platelet microaggregates were smaller and lacking leukocytes in their construction. PED caused significant increase of erythrocyte–platelet aggregates formation, and numerically higher proportion of circulating echinocytes. TED was associated with significant decrease of rouleaux sludge formation compared to only some trend after PED. Changes in leukocytes were less dependent on enoxaparin dose. However, PED has been associated with enhanced aggregate formation in 7 out of 10 patients, while trap net formation has been decreased in 17 out of 21 TED patients. We conclude that over hospital stay TED was superior to PED in patients with mild COVID-19. The inability of PED to adequately protect major circulating blood cells is probably due to enhanced clearance or/and diminished bioavailability of enoxaparin during COVID. These retrospective observational small sample size data may be relevant to better understanding of the mixed results in controlled outcome-driven trials exploring optimal COVID-19 anticoagulant strategies.
A simple combination of biomarkers for risk stratification in octogenarians with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Sanz-Girgas Esther , Peiró Óscar M. , Bonet Gil , Rodríguez-López Judit , Scardino Claudia , Ferrero-Guillem María , Vásquez Karla , Romeu-Nieto Alba , Bardají Alfredo
Published: December 2021

The aim of this observational study was to assess long-term prognosis of a contemporary octogenarian population admitted to an Intensive Cardiac Care Unit with acute myocardial infarction (MI), and the prognostic value of two simple biomarkers obtained at admission: glucose blood level (ABG) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). A total of 293 consecutive patients were included (202 with ST elevation MI and 91 with non-ST elevation MI) with median age 83.9 years, 172 (58.7%) male. The optimal cut-off points for all-cause death defined by ROC curves were ABG >186 mg/dL and eGFR <50 mL/min/1.73 m2. The cohort was segregated into 3 groups according to these values: no biomarker present (group 1), either of the two biomarkers present (group 2) or both biomarkers present (group 3). Patients in group 3 were more frequently female, with worse Charlson index, Killip class and ventricular function, and higher GRACE scores. PCI was performed in 248 patients (84.6%). The highest in-hospital and long-term mortality, and composite MACE was observed in groups 2 and 3. All-cause mortality (median follow-up 2.2 years) was 44%. In multivariate analysis, ABG >186 mg/dL and eGFR <50 mL/min/1.73 m2 were associated with a 4.2 odds ratio (OR) (Model 1: medical history variables) and 2.6 OR (Model 2: admission event variables) of mortality. The addition of these variables to ROC curves improved long-term risk prediction for Model 1 (C-statistics 0.718 versus 0.780, p = 0.006) and reclassification and discrimination in both models.
The transition and outcomes of perioperative low ejection fraction status in cardiac surgical patients
Authors: Zhong Jun , Luo Jing-chao , Wang Huan , Yin Kanhua , Zhang Yi-jie , Gao Jian , Luo Zhe , Tu Guo-wei
Published: December 2021

Low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was always considered a high-risk factor for surgery. A growing number of patients with preoperative low LVEF have undergone cardiac surgery in recent years. The transition of postoperative LVEF and its correlation with short-term outcomes is not yet clear. We retrospectively collected the clinical data of cardiac surgery patients with low preoperative LVEF (≤40%). LVEF measurements were collected preoperatively and at least twice postoperatively. The primary endpoint was the composite endpoint of hospital mortality or length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay ≥7 days. Univariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of each indicator with the outcomes, including calculation of the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. A two-piecewise linear regression model was applied to examine the threshold effect of the LVEF on the composite endpoint using a smoothing function. From 1 January to 31 December 2018, a total of 123 patients had low LVEF preoperatively, of whom 35 (28.5%) met the composite endpoint. LVEF was 35% [interquartile range (IQR) 30%–42%] at first measurement and increased to 40% (IQR 35%–45%) at final measurement during their hospitalization. There was a linear relationship between composite endpoint and lowest level of postoperative LVEF. The base e logarithm of odds ratio [Ln(OR)] of composite endpoint decreased with increasing LVEF (OR = 0.83, 95% confidence interval 0.76–0.91, p < 0.01). Most patients with low preoperative LVEF will benefit from cardiac surgery. The lowest measurement of postoperative LVEF can be used to evaluate the short-term outcome of patients after cardiac surgery.
TEORI PERMINTAAN DAN PENAWARAN ISLAMI
Authors: Asniar  , Octavianita  , Arniyati  , Fahira Nur
Published: December 2021

Masalah permintaan dan penawaran sudah tidak asing lagi bagi kita yang pernah mempelajari teori mikro ekonomi yang terdapat pada ilmu ekonomi. Permintaan dan penawaran juga sudah menjadi kegiatan sehari-hari bagi manusia dalam melakukan kegiatan perekonomian. Tentang produksi, supply, harga, keuntungan, produsen, pemasaran, pasar di bahas dalam konsep penawaran. Begitu juga dalam konsep permintaan yang membahas tentang konsumsi, konsumen, demand, kebutuhan hidup, harga yang selalu menjadi prioritas utama dalam menjalankan konsep permintaan. Tidak jauh beda dengan konsep permintaan dan penawaran dalam perspektif ekonomi Islam yang membahas tentang hal-hal yang di sebutkan tetapi memiliki batasan-batasan dalam berekonomi yaitu syariat yang berhubungan langsung dengan Allah SWT dan sumber-sumber Islam seperti Al-Qur’an dan As-Sunnah serta ijtihad dari para ulama atau para ekonom Islam. Dimana di Indonesia sama sekali belum di terapkan tentang konsep permintaan dan penawaran secara ekonomi Islam yang merupakan konsep baik dalam meningkatkan kegiatan perekonomian masyarakat Indonesia, yang bisa di bilang Indonesia terlalu memfokuskan kegiatan perekonomian pada sistem mencari keuntungan besar dan materialistis.
Active inference unifies intentional and conflict-resolution imperatives of motor control
Authors: Maselli Antonella , Lanillos Pablo , Pezzulo Giovanni
Published: December 2021

The field of motor control has long focused on the achievement of external goals through action (e.g., reaching and grasping objects). However, recent studies in conditions of multisensory conflict, such as when a subject experiences the rubber hand illusion or embodies an avatar in virtual reality, reveal the presence of unconscious movements that are not goal-directed, but rather aim at resolving multisensory conflicts; for example, by aligning the position of a person’s arm with that of an embodied avatar. This second, conflict-resolution imperative of movement control did not emerge in classical studies of motor adaptation and online corrections, which did not allow movements to reduce the conflicts; and has been largely ignored so far in formal theories. Here, we propose a model of movement control grounded in the theory of active inference that integrates intentional and conflict-resolution imperatives. We present three simulations showing that the active inference model is able to characterize movements guided by the intention to achieve an external goal, by the necessity to resolve multisensory conflict, or both. Furthermore, our simulations reveal a fundamental difference between the (active) inference underlying intentional and conflict-resolution imperatives, respectively, by showing that it is driven by two different (model and sensory) kinds of prediction errors. Finally, our simulations show that when movement is only guided by conflict-resolution, the model incorrectly infers that is velocity is zero, as if it was not moving. This result suggests a novel speculative explanation for the fact that people are unaware of their subtle compensatory movements to avoid multisensory conflict. Furthermore, it can potentially help shed light on deficits of motor awareness that arise in psychopathological conditions.
Movement tracking of psychological processes: A tutorial using mousetrap
Authors: Wulff Dirk U. , Kieslich Pascal J. , Henninger Felix , Haslbeck Jonas M B , Schulte-Mecklenbeck Michael
Published: December 2021

Movement tracking is a novel process-tracing method that promises unique access to the temporal dynamics of psychological processes. The method involves high-resolution tracking of a hand or handheld device (e.g., a computer mouse) while it is used to make a choice. In contrast to other process-tracing methods, which mostly focus on information acquisition, movement tracking focuses on the processes of information integration and preference formation. In this article, we present a tutorial to movement tracking of psychological processes with the mousetrap R package. We address all steps of the research process, from design to interpretation, with a particular focus on data processing and analysis and featuring both established and novel approaches. Using a representative working example, we demonstrate how the various steps of movement-tracking analysis can be implemented with mousetrap and provide thorough explanations of their theoretical background and interpretation. Finally, we present a list of recommendations to assist researchers in addressing their own research questions using movement tracking of psychological processes.
Examining the School-to-Prison Pipeline through Juvenile Public Policy Initiatives
Authors: Dhami Amir
Published: December 2021

The 21st century has brought a stark reality to American society: young people are becoming increasingly disillusioned with the opportunities provided to them through school systems that perpetuate racial and socioeconomic achievement gaps. Generations that were once lauded as future leaders are now completely unconvinced that they will ever have opportunities to assume leadership, and droves are failing to complete compulsory courses of education as a result. Many are turning to lives of crime out of necessity and frustration over the stark realities they face as children of color in an increasingly divided nation. To understand the current issues impacting young people and creating what has become known as the school-to-prison pipeline, an in-depth examination of the social, economic, and educational factors creating increased numbers of incarcerated youth must be undertaken and connections between systemic dysfunction and racial disparities investigated.
The Role of Birthplace in the Mode of Delivery in Nepal
Authors: Pandit Sudesh
Published: December 2021

The mode of delivery is strong-minded by diverse aspects. The available data and literature argue that the birthplace and birth orders play an imperative role in determining the mode of delivery. This study has been done with the objective to examine the association between the place of delivery and cesarean section in Nepal. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among women who have delivery experience in the last five years of survey, but only the last one has been included. This study is based on the data of Nepal demographic and health survey 2016 [NDHS]. The data were collected from 19 June 2016 to 31 January 2017 through the questionnaires. The sampling frame of Central Bureau of Statistics [CBS] has been updated and used by NDHS where districts and provinces are categorized into urban and rural areas. Frequency tabulation, χ2 test and multivariate binary logistic regressions are used to analyze the data. There are 10.2 percent of women who had a cesarean section. Out of 3998 total deliveries, cesarean deliveries are 406 (10.2%) at 95 percent confidence interval (9-11). The prevalence of cesarean delivery was seen in women delivered in private hospitals 36.3 percent compared to women delivered in government health facilities 12.8 percent. Among 3998 deliveries, 57.4 percent are institutional deliveries. The place of delivery, anti-natal care visit and cesarean section delivery are related to each other. Women who go to private hospitals for anti-natal care and delivery, such hospitals are found to have performed more caesarean sections than the recommended level of World Health Organization (WHO).
COVID-19 and Tourism in Pokhara: Strategies for Industry’s Recovery
Authors: Poudel Naresh , Upadhyay Rajeev
Published: December 2021

Tourism is considered as travel related activities. Pokhara has many attractions for tourists including lakes, hills, religious and cultural sites. The presence of Phewa Lake in the west, Begnas Lake in the east attracts a large number of domestic and international tourists. The main objective of this study is to explore the impact of COVID-19 on tourism of Pokhara. Altogether 120 samples were taken purposively in the major touristic areas of Pokhara. Interviews were taken with key informants and the observation technique was also used. The obtained data were discussed in the form of table, charts and figures. The number of tourists visiting Pokhara is found decreasing over the last two years due to the Covid-19 pandemic. High quality hotels are only in the Phewa Lake area whereas there are very few quality hotels in the study area, so quality hotels with better facilities should be established in other areas, too. New tourism activities need to be explored and after the operation of international airport, the option for the present paragliding spots need to be managed in time. To minimize the impact of Covid-19 pandemic, there should be a provision of easy refinancing facilities from the financial institutions to be provided to the tourism entrepreneurs, including subsidies on the equated monthly instalments and decreasing the interest rate and quick vaccination to the people involved in tourism sectors.
Studi Kelayakan Pabrik Gula Rafinasi dengan Kapasitas 100000 ton/tahun melalui Analisa Ekonomi
Authors: Witari Aista Pudji , Anggraini Gistanya Lindar , Ningsih Erlinda
Published: December 2021

Refined sugar is sugar that is produced from raw sugar through a refined process
to remove impurities and molasses attached to Raw sugar. The process that will be
used in the manufacture of refined sugar from raw sugar with carbonation
purification is divided into seven stages, namely: affination process, clarification
process, filtration process, decolorization process, evaporation process,
crystallization process, drying process. The plant is planned to operate 300 days
per year with a capacity of 100,000 tons per year. The factory is planned to be
established in Sambas Regency, West Kalimantan. From the results of the
economic analysis obtained: Internal Rate Of Return (IRR) of 66%, Pay Out Time
(POT) of 3.3 years, Break Even Point (BEP) of 36%. Based on the technical and
economic analysis that has been carried out, it is feasible to establish a refined
sugar factory from raw sugar
Proses Pembuatan Biofuel dengan Metode perengakahan Menggunakan Katalis Padat
Authors: Budianto Agus , Sari Ayuni Rita , Monica Yohana Winda , Ningsih Erlinda , Kusdarini Esthi
Published: December 2021

The development of population growth causes of fuels need increasing. Because of
that reason, it necessary to create alternative fuels which are friendly to the
environment to meet the fuels need in society. Fossil fuel is a non-renewable fuel.
Biofuel as an alternative fuel can be taken as a solution to solve this problem. The
reviewd aim was to determine the effect of raw materials used on yield product and
the different effects of temperature and catalysts on the yield of special materials
(gasoline, diesel, kerosene) biofuel. Biofuel production started from the
preparation of raw materials, catalylic, and catalytic cracking process using a
fixed bed reactor. Raw materials greatly affected yield product. The highest yield
products were being gotten from RBDPS raw materials of 93.29%. Biofuel from
used cooking oil and concentration of red sludge catalyst of 15% produced the
highest biofuel with gasoline compound of 73.86% and kerosene compound of
26.14%. Biofuel from camelina oil with ZSM-5-Zn catalyst concentration of 30%
produced the highest gasoline yield of 75.65%.
КОНФЛИКТ ДВУХ МИРОВ НЕ ЗАКОНЧЕН
Authors: Денисов С. А.
Published: December 2021

Отечественная социальная философия и конфликтология выдвинула парадигму основного противоречия современного мира, которое влияет на все стороны жизни человечества, на его будущее. Достигая определенного накала, оно может стать основным конфликт современности. Пятьдесят лет назад основным противоречием мира считался конфликт между миром капитализма и так называемым миром «социализма». Автор считает его частным случаем противоречия между буржуазией и административным классом, которое обострилось с начала буржуазных революций. Буржуазия научилась создавать собственные государства и бросила вызов административному миру. По мнению автора, конфликт между буржуазным и административным миром продолжает оставаться главным на современном этапе. За последние годы произошло существенное изменение сторон конфликта. Административный мир, как и ранее, представлен лидерами стран и правящей группой. Но большинство административных стран допускает у себя наличия условной частной собственности и предпринимательства. Некоторые объявляют, что они идут по буржуазному пути развития. Буржуазный мир представлен избранными обществом публичными политиками, зависимыми от активной части населения. Борьба между двумя социально-экономическими системами происходит во всех сферах общественной жизни. В экономике буржуазия стремится превратить мир в единый рынок с защитой частной собственности, предпринимательства. Административный класс стремится сохранить господство государства над экономикой. В социальной сфере буржуазия пытается превратить административный класс в послушный ей слой бюрократии. Она стремится навязать всему миру демократические нормы жизни и республику с ее господством выборных публичных политиков над бюрократией. Свобода движения информации позволяет буржуазии распространять свои взгляды во всем мире и подрывает авторитет правящих групп административного мира. Указанный конфликт носит не только международный характер. Он проявляется в борьбе административного и буржуазного класса внутри каждой страны, где эти классы есть. Основной конфликт современности не устраняет конфликты между другими группами и по другим основания, но существенно влияет на их характер. Указанный конфликт носит антагонистический характер. В ХХ веке административная система пыталась с помощью мировой революции уничтожить буржуазную систему. Сегодня буржуазия распространяет по всему миру демократические революции, получившие название «цветных». Борьба между двумя социально-экономическими системами прикрывается «раздуванием» межрелигиозных, межкультурных и межнациональных конфликтов.
Rewolucja plenerowa XVIII wieku? Relacje z narodzin pejzażu nowoczesnego
Authors: Pieńkos Andrzej
Published: December 2021

An unconventional look at the Enlightenment, the beginnings of modern thought on nature and discovery journeys in Europe and beyond. The author brings to light little known facts from the history of art education, scientific exploration of mountains, glaciers and distant seas in the 18th century. He analyses works and attitudes of renowned artists (Goethe, Turner), as well as completely forgotten painters and graphic artists from numerous countries. He brings to light curiosities in the history of culture and makes them meaningful signs of changes in mentality and artistic creation (e.g. the first glacier explorations, onboard painters on captain Cook’s ships, early “out of town excursions” with a sketchbook).
The impact of storage on the sensory, viscosity and chemical characteristics of yogurt fortified with oat β-glucan
Authors: Qu Xiaoqing
Published: December 2021

Oat β-glucan has the potential of a functional additive to yogurt, however, texture analysis and chemical characteristics during storage of yogurt with the addition of this additive require more systematic research, which determines the relevance of the study. The aim of the research work was to analyze the feasibility of enriching yogurt with 0.3% oat β-glucan. A number of methods for obtaining new knowledge in the direction of developing healthy food products were used. It was found that yogurt with the addition of 0.3% oat β-glucan had water-holding capacity. All pH values ranged from 4.18 to 4.28, which are within the normal ranges for set-type yogurts. A higher viscosity of the experimental sample of yogurt compared to the control was established, and the highest values were 58560±2120 cp at 21 days for yogurt with the addition of 0.3% oat β-glucan. The viability of probiotic bacteria in yogurts was examined. During the whole storage period, the content of probiotics decreased, but yogurt with the addition of 0.3% oat β-glucan contained significantly more live probiotic bacteria compared to the control. The viability of probiotic bacteria of 0.3% oat β-glucan yogurt at 14 d (3.18±0.2×107 CFU/mL) was only slightly lower than that of control yogurt at 1 d (3.45±0.3×107 CFU/mL). This fully demonstrates that the addition of 0.3% oat β-glucan has a protective effect on probiotics in yogurt, which will be beneficial for human health. It was found that the addition of 0.3% oat β-glucan led to a decrease in adhesiveness, but an increase in hardness and stickiness during storage. The results of the sensory evaluation showed the highest acceptability values of 86.49 for 21 days of storage of yogurt with the addition of 0.3% oat β-glucan. The practical value of the research work lies in the developed yogurt containing 0.3% oat β-glucan being possibly to use as an innovative healthy dairy product
O que é (ou o que estamos chamando de) ‘Colonialismo de Dados’?
Authors: Ferreira Sérgio Rodrigo da Silva
Published: December 2021

Partimos do conceito de colonialismo de dados, de Ulises Mejías e Nick Couldry, para estabelecer uma conversa sobre exploração subjetiva em processos de mineração de dados em plataformas de redes sociais e quais são suas implicações. Nosso objetivo é territorializar o que tem sido chamado de colonialismo de dados e de que modo ele interfere no modo em que pensamos, concebemos e nos utilizamos criticamente de tecnologias digitais. Como resultado temos que o conceito de colonialismo de dados tem nos ajudado a pensar os aspectos de exploração econômica das tecnologias digitais; a modulação de comportamentos, dependência e quantificação do self de usuários; as novas relações de poder e tecnorresistências; a produção de uma crítica racializada e gendrada das plataformas digitais, bem como estratégias de descolonização dos dispositivos tecnológicos.
Game of Thrones and International Politics in Realism Perspective
Authors: Riaz Ahsan , Akbar Muqarrab , Nawaz Rafidah
Published: December 2021

Since the Second World War realism paradigm has been most prominent and successful in the discipline of international relations. Realist theory interprets the role of the state in world politics in which the state's national interest is the primary variable. To attain the state's national interest power (in military and economic terms) is a very essential tool. The element of power has shaped the anarchic political system. HBO's Season' Game of Throne' is most compatible with the approaches of the international political system, especially to understand the realist paradigm. In this season different power centers were playing the game of power politics. Iron Throne had a hegemonic status and was considered as a supreme power in the Seven Kingdoms of Westeros, which created the anarchy. Competing for the power, losing the power, and attaining the power was creating the an archical situation in the whole season in which different actors and kingdoms made their strategies and joined uneven alliances. So Game of Throne is providing a better way to comprehend the international anarchy and political realism.
Anticolonial Visions and Fictional Versions: A Comparative Study of American and Indian Postcolonial Novels
Authors: Khan Saleem Akhtar , Khan Waheed Ahmad , Ali Imran
Published: December 2021

The research juxtaposes two of the prominent postcolonial literary discourses produced by the nations that resisted the colonial encroachments militarily and, ultimately, gained their independence from the British imperial clutch, America and India. The selected literary works are replete with retrospective representations of the historical landmarks and laden with future ideological aspirations regarding national glory. Remaining awake to the perplexing verisimilitude of postcolonial works of literature, the study aims to explain the pivotal nexus that links the divergent discourses, that is, the anti colonial élan.For the accomplishment of the comparative analysis, two of the novels have been chosen, one for each country, to represent the respective version of resistance: Jeff Shaara's The Glorious Cause (2002) from an array of the American fictional narratives and Basavaraj Naikar's The Sun behind the Cloud (2001)from the Indian anglophone fiction. After outlining the belligerent disposition of these novels, their thematic schemas have been compared and contrasted to make the post coloniality of these polemical fictions manifest. It has been made explicit that the novels are essentially similar in their counter-discursive character and dissemination of the anti colonial sentiment despite some peripheral differences. Thus, these novels contribute to the broader postcolonial continuum that comprehensively accommodates varying versions of the textual resistance.