bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A One-Dimensional Coordination Polymer Constructed from Cadmium(II) Cations and Sparfloxacinate Anions
Authors: An Zhe , Gao Jing , Harrison William T. A.
Published: October 2012

The synthesis and crystal structure of the one-dimensional coordination polymer, [Cd(spar)2]n·n(H2O), are described, where spar− is the sparfloxacinate anion, C19H21N4O3F2−. The Cd2+ ion is bonded to four spar− ligands: Two O,O-chelate with their β-keto carboxylate groupings and two are monodentate-bound through a carboxylate O atom, to result in a distorted CdO6 octahedral coordination geometry. The bridging ligands lead to [100] polymeric chains in the crystal and N–H···O hydrogen bonds and possible weak aromatic p–p stacking interactions help to consolidate the structure. Crystal data: C38H44CdF4N8O7, Mr = 913.21, triclinic, (No. 2), Z = 2, a = 9.2256(4) Å, b = 12.8767(5) Å, c = 17.4297(7) Å, α = 89.505(2)°, β = 85.062(2)°, g = 70.757(2)°, V = 1947.20(14) Å3, R(F) = 0.036, wR(F2) = 0.082.
Optical Fiber for High-Power Optical Communication
Authors: Kurokawa Kenji
Published: October 2012

We examined optical fibers suitable for avoiding such problems as the fiber fuse phenomenon and failures at bends with a high power input. We found that the threshold power for fiber fuse propagation in photonic crystal fiber (PCF) and hole-assisted fiber (HAF) can exceed 18 W, which is more than 10 times that in conventional single-mode fiber (SMF). We considered this high threshold power in PCF and HAF to be caused by a jet of high temperature fluid penetrating the air holes. We showed examples of two kinds of failures at bends in conventional SMF when the input power was 9 W. We also observed the generation of a fiber fuse under a condition that caused a bend-loss induced failure. We showed that one solution for the failures at bends is to use optical fibers with a low bending loss such as PCF and HAF. Therefore, we consider PCF and HAF to be attractive solutions to the problems of the fiber fuse phenomenon and failures at bends with a high power input.
Effects of Genetically Engineered Stem Cells Expressing Cytosine Deaminase and Interferon-Beta or Carboxyl Esterase on the Growth of LNCaP Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Yi Bo-Rim , Hwang Kyung-A. , Kim Yun-Bae , Kim Seung U. , Choi Kyung-Chul
Published: October 2012

The risk of prostate cancer has been increasing in men by degrees. To develop a new prostate cancer therapy, we used a stem cell-derived gene directed prodrug enzyme system using human neural stem cells (hNSCs) that have a tumor-tropic effect. These hNSCs were transduced with the therapeutic genes for bacterial cytosine deaminase (CD), alone or in combination with the one encoding human interferon-beta (IFN-β) or rabbit carboxyl esterase (CE) to generate HB1.F3.CD, HB1.F3.CD.IFN-β, and HB1.F3.CE cells, respectively. CD enzyme can convert the prodrug 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) into the activated form 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). In addition, CE enzyme can convert the prodrug CPT-11 into a toxic agent, SN-38. In our study, the human stem cells were found to migrate toward LNCaP human prostate cancer cells rather than primary cells. This phenomenon may be due to interactions between chemoattractant ligands and receptors, such as VEGF/VEGFR2 and SCF/c-Kit, expressed as cancer and stem cells, respectively. The HB1.F3.CE, HB.F3.CD, or HB1.F3.CD.IFN-β cells significantly reduced the LNCaP cell viability in the presence of the prodrugs 5-FC or CPT-11. These results indicate that stem cells expressing therapeutic genes can be used to develop a new strategy for selectively treating human prostate cancer.
Spread of a Gammabaculovirus within Larval Populations of Its Natural Balsam Fir Sawfly (Neodiprion abietis) Host Following Its Aerial Application
Authors: Graves Roger , Lucarotti Christopher J. , Quiring Dan T.
Published: October 2012

Field trials and assessments of the balsam fir sawfly (Neodiprion abietis) nucleopolyhedrovirus (NeabNPV: Baculoviridae, Gammabaculovirus) against its natural host were conducted in July and August 2002 near Corner Brook, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, in naturally regenerated, precommercially thinned stands dominated by balsam fir (Abies balsamea). Two experimental blocks, each with its own untreated control, were established. The purpose of the Island Pond block was to examine the spread of NeabNPV from a 313-ha aerial treatment block out into adjacent populations of balsam fir sawflies. The purpose of the Old Man’s Pond block (2,093 ha) was to determine whether NeabNPV could disperse into populations of balsam fir sawflies within a 200-m zone between spray swaths. NeabNPV was applied to treatment blocks by a Cessna 188B AgTruck aircraft equipped with MicronAir AU4000 rotary atomizers at an application rate equivalent to 1 × 109 NeabNPV occlusion bodies/ha in 2.5 L of 20% aqueous molasses. At Island Pond, NeabNPV infection increased with time following the spray, especially for individuals close to the treatment block, and infection rate decreased to a measured distance of 400 m from the treatment block. At Old Man’s Pond, NeabNPV infection rose higher (80% vs. 15%) and sawfly densities declined more (84% vs. 60%) in the area between spray swaths than in the control block.
Synthesis and Antitumor Evaluation of 6-Aryl-substituted benzo[j]phenanthridine- and Benzo[g]pyrimido[4,5-c]isoquinolinequinones
Authors: Iribarra Jennyfer , Vásquez David , Theoduloz Cristina , Benites Julio , Ríos David , Valderrama Jaime A.
Published: October 2012

A variety of novel 6-arylsubstituted benzo[j]phenanthridine- and benzo[g]-pyrimido[4,5-c]isoquinolinequinones were synthesized from 1,4-naphthoquinone, aryl-aldehydes and enaminones via a two-step synthetic approach. The cytotoxic activity of the aminoquinone derivatives was evaluated in vitro against one normal cell line (MRC-5 lung fibroblasts) and three human cancer cell lines (AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma; SK-MES-1 human lung cancer cells, and J82 human bladder carcinoma) in 72-h drug exposure assays using the MTT colorimetric method. Structure–activity relationships within the series of angular quinones reveal that the insertion of pyrrol-2-yl and furan-2-yl groups at the 6-position is more significant for the increase of the potency and selectivity index of the pharmacophores.
Differential Development of Glucose Intolerance and Pancreatic Islet Adaptation in Multiple Diet Induced Obesity Models
Authors: Omar Bilal , Pacini Giovanni , Ahrén Bo
Published: October 2012

Background: The C57BL/6 mouse fed a high fat diet is a common and valuable model in experimental studies of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Different high fat diets are used and in order to determine which diet produces a model most accurately resembling human T2D, they need to be compared head-to-head. Methods: Four different diets, the 60% high fat diet (HFD) and the 58% high fat-high sucrose Surwit diet (HFHS) and their respective controls, were compared in C57BL/6J mice using glucose tolerance tests (IVGTT) and the euglycemic clamp. Results: Mice fed a HFD gained more weight than HFHS fed mice despite having similar energy intake. Both high fat diet models were glucose intolerant after eight weeks. Mice fed the HFD had elevated basal insulin, which was not seen in the HFHS group. The acute insulin response (AIR) was unchanged in the HFD group, but slightly increased in the HFHS diet group. The HFHS diet group had a threefold greater total insulin secretion during the IVGTT compared to its control, while no differences were seen in the HFD group. Insulin sensitivity was decreased fourfold in the HFD group, but not in the HFHS diet group. Conclusion: The HFD and HFHS diet models show differential effects on the development of insulin resistance and beta cell adaptation. These discrepancies are important to acknowledge in order to select the appropriate diet for specific studies.
Allies Advancing Justice: Cooperation between U.S. Bishops and Call to Action to Promote the Peace and Economic Pastoral Letters (1982–1987)
Authors: Pogorelc Anthony J.
Published: October 2012

This article discusses a phase of an ongoing relationship between a social movement organization (SMO), Call to Action, and the institutional organization (IO) in which it is embedded, the Catholic Church. Relationships between SMOs and IOs are dynamic. At times they may engage in heated conflict related to the SMO’s goal to reform the IO and the desire of the IO leaders to maintain stability. There can also be times when such relationships are less adversarial and even cooperative. This article draws on periodicals, archival data and interviews to describe and analyze a period (1982–1987) when the values and interests of Call to Action and U.S. Bishops coalesced and led to a period of cooperation in which they together promoted the Peace and Economic Pastoral Letters written by the U.S. Conference of Bishops.
Quantitative Analysis of Total Amino Acid in Barley Leaves under Herbicide Stress Using Spectroscopic Technology and Chemometrics
Authors: Bao Yidan , Kong Wenwen , He Yong , Liu Fei , Tian Tian , Zhou Weijun
Published: October 2012

Visible and near infrared (Vis/NIR) spectroscopy were employed for the fast and nondestructive estimation of the total amino acid (TAA) content in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) leaves. The calibration set was composed of 50 samples; and the remaining 25 samples were used for the validation set. Seven different spectral preprocessing methods and six different calibration methods (linear and nonlinear) were applied for a comprehensive prediction performance comparison. Successive projections algorithm (SPA) and regression coefficients (RC) were applied to select effective wavelengths (EWs). The results indicated that the latent variables-least-squares-support vector machine (LV-LS-SVM) model achieved the optimal performance. The prediction results by LV-LS-SVM with raw spectra were achieved with a correlation coefficients (r) = 0.937 and root mean squares error of prediction (RMSEP) = 0.530. The overall results showed that the NIR spectroscopy could be used for determination of TAA content in barley leaves with an excellent prediction precision; and the results were also helpful for on-field monitoring of barley growing status under herbicide stress during different growth stages.
Efficient Text Encryption and Hiding with Double-Random Phase-Encoding
Authors: Sang Jun , Ling Shenggui , Alam Mohammad S.
Published: October 2012

In this paper, a double-random phase-encoding technique-based text encryption and hiding method is proposed. First, the secret text is transformed into a 2-dimensional array and the higher bits of the elements in the transformed array are used to store the bit stream of the secret text, while the lower bits are filled with specific values. Then, the transformed array is encoded with double-random phase-encoding technique. Finally, the encoded array is superimposed on an expanded host image to obtain the image embedded with hidden data. The performance of the proposed technique, including the hiding capacity, the recovery accuracy of the secret text, and the quality of the image embedded with hidden data, is tested via analytical modeling and test data stream. Experimental results show that the secret text can be recovered either accurately or almost accurately, while maintaining the quality of the host image embedded with hidden data by properly selecting the method of transforming the secret text into an array and the superimposition coefficient. By using optical information processing techniques, the proposed method has been found to significantly improve the security of text information transmission, while ensuring hiding capacity at a prescribed level.
A COMPUTERIZED RISK EVALUATION MODEL FOR PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP (PPP) PROJECTS AND ITS APPLICATION
Authors: Xu Yelin , Lu Yujie , Chan Albert P. C. , Skibniewski Miroslaw J. , Yeung John F. Y.
Published: October 2012

PPP projects usually involve more risks than other traditional procurement models because of their complexity. This paper presents the third stage of a funded study, which aims to develop a practical and computerized risk evaluation model for PPP projects. In the first and second stages, a risk hierarchal structure composed of 17 weighted risk factors is developed to describe risk profiles of PPP projects. The weightings and membership functions for risk factors are established using the Delphi survey technique and Fuzzy Set Theory. The risk evaluation model is then developed using a fuzzy synthetic evaluation approach. In the third stage, an automated decision support tool based on the risk evaluation model is designed for PPP practitioners by using Visual Basic for Application (VBA). The computerized tool can not only assist PPP participants to assess a PPP project's overall risk level for auxiliary investment decision, but can also help practitioners to identify the most risky areas of a PPP project for effective risk response. To demonstrate the applicability of the computerized model, an illustrative case is finally provided.
EXPERT EVALUATION OF CRITERIA DESCRIBING THE QUALITY OF TRAVELLING BY INTERNATIONAL PASSENGER TRAIN: TECHNOLOGICAL, ECONOMIC AND SAFETY PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Maskeliūnaitė Lijana , Sivilevičius Henrikas
Published: October 2012

The goals, needs and possibilities of interested parties (administration, service staff and passengers travelling in a train) should be taken into account when organizing passenger transportation and making decisions concerning particularly this area. Improvement in passenger transportation (train travel) depends on experience, qualification and decisions made by the experts involved in this process. The paper analyses the performance of the joint-stock company Lietuvos geležinkeliai and examines criteria describing the quality of passenger transportation provided by this organization. The article presents the methods for showing the consistency of respondent and expert judgements on ranking the sets of criteria defining the quality of travelling by train. The significance of the considered criteria is based on a pair wise comparison. The employed method allows for determining the normalized weights of particular criteria with respect to other criteria of the analysed group (A, B, C, D). The article offers an algorithm for displaying the quality of train travel. The ranks assigned to the criteria by train passengers (category K), service staff (category P) and administrative staff (category A) are calculated establishing the differences between the ranks of criteria. The opinions of the respondents and experts belonging to categories K, P and A are compared considering the significance of the adopted criteria. The paper provides the results obtained from the surveyed respondents and experts and presents the ranks given to criterion groups A, B, C, D describing the quality of train travel. Finally, the conclusions based on the performed research are presented.
Reconnaissance of freshwater conditions in a coastal aquifer: synthesis of 1D geoelectric resistivity inversion and geohydrological analysis
Authors: Khalil Mohamed H.
Published: October 2012

Despite the saltwater intrusion of the Gulf of Suez, a Quaternary alluvial aquifer constitutes the main source of freshwater in the coastal city of El‐Tor, the administrative capital of South Sinai, Egypt. A conceptual technique synthesizing one‐dimension (1D) Schlumberger geoelectric resistivity inversion, geohydrological analysis, borehole data, pumping tests and hydrochemical analysis is conducted to reconnaissance the freshwater aquifer condition in the study area. Aquifer qualitative and quantitative properties in terms of electric and hydraulic conditions were investigated. Furthermore, aquifer loss in relation to a pumping regime was analysed as well. The freshwater aquifer is effectively demarcated with true resistivity and thickness ranges of 71~110 ohm‐m and 22~83 m, respectively. The eastern part of the freshwater aquifer reveals better conditions characterized by increased values of thickness (83 m), tortuosity (1.306), hydraulic conductivity (53 m/day), transmissivity (4399 m2/day), formation resistivity factor (4.4), storativity (0.267) and grain size. Whereas, it characterizes by decreased values of electrical conductivity (1.2 ~ 7.5 mS/m), electric anisotropy (1.08), mean resistivity (285.5 ohm‐m), porosity (38.7%) and total dissolved solid (TDS) (530 ppm).
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Regulates the Innate Immunity Critical Transcription Factor IRF3
Authors: Liu Yi-Ping , Zeng Ling , Tian Austin , Bomkamp Ashley , Rivera Daniel , Gutman Delia , Barber Glen N. , Olson Julie K. , Smith Judith A.
Published: October 2012

IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) regulates early type I IFNs and other genes involved in innate immunity. We have previously shown that cells undergoing an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response called the unfolded protein response produce synergistically augmented IFN-β when stimulated with pattern recognition receptor agonists such as LPS. Concomitant ER stress and LPS stimulation resulted in greater recruitment of the IRF3 transcription factor to ifnb1 gene regulatory elements. In this study, we used murine cells to demonstrate that both oxygen–glucose deprivation and pharmacologic unfolded protein response inducers trigger phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of IRF3, even in the absence of exogenous LPS. Different ER stressors used distinct mechanisms to activate IRF3: IRF3 phosphorylation due to calcium-mobilizing ER stress (thapsigargin treatment, oxygen–glucose deprivation) critically depended upon stimulator of IFN gene, an ER-resident nucleic acid-responsive molecule. However, calcium mobilization alone by ionomycin was insufficient for IRF3 phosphorylation. In contrast, other forms of ER stress (e.g., tunicamycin treatment) promote IRF3 phosphorylation independently of stimulator of IFN gene and TANK-binding kinase 1. Rather, IRF3 activation by tunicamycin and 2-deoxyglucose was inhibited by 4-(2-aminoethyl)-benzenesulfonyl fluoride hydrochloride, a serine protease inhibitor that blocks activating transcription factor 6 processing. Interfering with ER stress-induced IRF3 activation abrogated IFN-β synergy. Together, these data suggest ER stress primes cells to respond to innate immune stimuli by activating the IRF3 transcription factor. Our results also suggest certain types of ER stress accomplish IRF3 phosphorylation by co-opting existing innate immune pathogen response pathways. These data have implications for diseases involving ER stress and type I IFN.
Stomatin-like Protein 2 Deficiency in T Cells Is Associated with Altered Mitochondrial Respiration and Defective CD4+ T Cell Responses
Authors: Christie Darah A. , Mitsopoulos Panagiotis , Blagih Julianna , Dunn Stanley D. , St-Pierre Julie , Jones Russell G. , Hatch Grant M. , Madrenas Joaquín
Published: October 2012

Stomatin-like protein 2 (SLP-2) is a mostly mitochondrial protein that regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and function and modulates T cell activation. To determine the mechanism of action of SLP-2, we generated T cell-specific SLP-2–deficient mice. These mice had normal numbers of thymocytes and T cells in the periphery. However, conventional SLP-2–deficient T cells had a posttranscriptional defect in IL-2 production in response to TCR ligation, and this translated into reduced CD4+ T cell responses. SLP-2 deficiency was associated with impaired cardiolipin compartmentalization in mitochondrial membranes, decreased levels of the NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) iron-sulfur protein 3, NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1β subcomplex subunit 8, and NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1α subcomplex subunit 9 of respiratory complex I, and decreased activity of this complex as well as of complex II plus III of the respiratory chain. In addition, SLP-2–deficient T cells showed a significant increase in uncoupled mitochondrial respiration and a greater reliance on glycolysis. Based on these results, we propose that SLP-2 organizes the mitochondrial membrane compartmentalization of cardiolipin, which is required for optimal assembly and function of respiratory chain complexes. This function, in T cells, helps to ensure proper metabolic response during activation.
Ras Oncoproteins Transfer from Melanoma Cells to T Cells and Modulate Their Effector Functions
Authors: Vernitsky Helly , Rechavi Oded , Rainy Nir , Besser Michal J. , Nagar Meital , Schachter Jacob , Lerenthal Yaniv , Ehrlich Marcelo , Kloog Yoel , Goldstein Itamar
Published: October 2012

Lymphocytes establish dynamic cell–cell interactions with the cells they scan. Previous studies show that upon cell contact, various membrane-associated proteins, such as Ras-family proteins, transfer from B to T and NK lymphocytes. Mutations in RAS genes that encode constitutively active, GTP-bound, oncoproteins are rather common in human cancers; for instance, melanoma. Cancer immunoediting has been postulated to contribute to the elimination of malignant melanoma. Thus, we asked whether Ras oncoproteins can transfer from melanoma to T cells, including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and subsequently induce functional effects in the adopting T cells. To explore this issue, we genetically engineered an HLA-A2+ melanoma cell line, MEL526, to express GFP or GFP-tagged H-Ras mutants stably. In this study, we show by an in vitro coculture system that GFP-tagged H-Ras, but not GFP, transfers from MEL526 to T cells and localizes to the inner aspect of their plasma membrane. This cell-contact-dependent process was increased by TCR stimulation and did not require strict Ag specificity. Importantly, we found a positive correlation between the levels of the acquired constitutively active H-RasG12V and ERK1/2 phosphorylation within the adopting TILs. We also show a significant increase in IFN-γ production and cytotoxic activity in TILs that acquired H-RasG12V compared to TILs that acquired a different H-Ras mutant. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate a hitherto unknown phenomenon of intercellular transfer of Ras oncoproteins from melanoma to TILs that consequently augments their effector functions.
The Alternative Complement Pathway Propagates Inflammation and Injury in Murine Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Elvington Andrew , Atkinson Carl , Zhu Hong , Yu Jin , Takahashi Kazue , Stahl Gregory L. , Kindy Mark S. , Tomlinson Stephen
Published: October 2012

There is mounting evidence indicating an important role for complement in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, or ischemic stroke. The role of the alternative complement pathway in ischemic stroke has not been investigated, and there is conflicting data on the role of the terminal pathway. In this study, we show that compared with wild-type mice, mice deficient in the alternative pathway protein factor B or mice treated with the alternative pathway inhibitor CR2-fH have improved outcomes after 60-min middle cerebral artery occlusion and 24-h reperfusion. Factor B-deficient or CR2-fH–treated mice were protected in terms of improved neurologic function and reduced cerebral infarct, demyelination, P-selectin expression, neutrophil infiltration, and microthrombi formation. Mice deficient in both the classical and lectin pathways (C1q/MBL deficient) were also protected from cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, and there was no detectable C3d deposition in the ipsilateral brain of these mice. These data demonstrate that the alternative pathway is not alone sufficient to initiate complement activation and indicate that the alternative pathway propagates cerebral injury via amplification of the cascade. Deficiency of C6, a component of the terminal cytolytic membrane attack complex, had no effect on outcome after ischemic stroke, indicating that the membrane attack complex is not involved in mediating injury in this model. We additionally show that the protective effect of factor B deficiency and CR2-fH treatment is sustained in the subacute stage of infarct development, adding to the clinical relevance of these findings.
Historical tension between the holistic and dualistic view of man in the church
Authors: Zandman Herm
Published: October 2012

Dualism has continually plagued the Church, especially from the time when Greek philosophers articulated the dualistic view of man in an excellent, scholarly way. Even when the Reformers militated against this phenomenon theologically, it still dominated life in general and Christian living in particular. This article considered the historical tension between the holistic and dualistic view of man in the church. It strove to do this by setting forth certain examples from history, showing how the Church wrestled with this tension. Furthermore, the author attempted to point out in which way the dualistic view of man was damaging to godly living, and why a holistic view of man was conducive to life under God in an ethically meaningful manner. Die historiese spanning tussen die holistiese en dualistiese beeld van die mens in die kerk. Dualisme het die Kerk nog altyd beinvloed, veral sedert die era toe Griekse filosowe die dualistiese siening van die mens op ‘n uitstekende akademiese wyse bekendgestel het. Selfs toe die Reformeerders teologies te velde getrek het teen hierdie fenomeen, het dit die lewe in die algemeen en die Christelike lewe in die besonder aangetas. Hierdie artikel oorweeg die historiese spanning tussen die holistiese en dualistiese sienings in die kerk. Sekere voorbeelde uit die geskiedenis sal voorgehou word ter illustrasie van hoe die Kerk met hierdie spanning geworstel het. Die outeur sal verder poog om aan te toon hoe die dualistiese siening van die mens skadelik is vir ‘n goddelike lewe, en waarom ‘n holistiese siening van die mens bevorderlik is vir ‘n eties betekenisvolle lewe onder God.
Not fully harmonized: Differences in biotechnology patenting between Europe and the United States
Authors: Dorn Brian R , Birtle ZoÃ«
Published: October 2012

There has been a trend of worldwide harmonization of patent laws. Due to the continuing harmonization, examination of patents in Europe and the United States are very similar.Â  However, examination standards between the two patent offices can differ. Thus, applicants should be aware of the differences between examination standards since both standards need to be addressed in the single patent application.Â  This paper will review some of these differences, both major and subtle, that should be considered when drafting a biotech patent for filing in both the U.S. and Europe.
Global Health Diplomacy and Management Mechanisms of US-China Public Health Collaborations in China: Lessons for Emerging Markets
Authors: Brown Matthew David
Published: October 2012

China is the largest emerging market in the world. It is also on the front lines of health diplomacy, where the tools of diplomatic statecraft are being employed by public health professions of both the US and China to help improve the practice of public health. This article examines the US Department of Health and Human Servicesâ€™ (HHS) and the US Centers for Control and Prevention (US CDC) in China, describes critical features of the Chinese health system, presents two examples of US-China collaborations, and describes common management mechanisms and strategies supporting both. This examination will help inform other global health collaborations between the US and China as well as lessons for supporting global health collaborations in other middle income countries.
Welcome to the 40th Focus Issue
Authors: Carter Tyrette , Walsh Joseph
Published: October 2012

Share news about happenings in the field of elementary school math education, views on matters pertaining to teaching and learning mathematics in the early childhood or elementary school years, and reactions to previously published opinion pieces or articles.
Teacher-Initiated Differentiation
Authors: Ensign Jacque
Published: October 2012

Two classrooms become models for their large, urban district.
Developing Quantitative Mental Imagery
Authors: Thomas Jonathan N. , Tabor Pamela D.
Published: October 2012

Use these descriptions of diagnostic and instructional tools to help young learners move beyond reliance on physical materials to negotiate arithmetic tasks.
Étude du tourisme auprès des autochtones
Authors: Stewart Emma J. , Draper Dianne
Published: October 2012

Cet article se penche sur la relation entre le chercheur et les communautés autochtones étudiées dans le cadre d’une étude sur la perception, par les populations locales, du développement du tourisme. De façon plus spécifique, l’article s’attarde sur la communication des résultats de travaux de recherche auprès de trois communautés du Nord canadien (Churchill, au Manitoba, ainsi que Cambridge Bay et Pond Inlet, au Nunavut). Dans l’optique de garantir la pertinence des résultats d’un point de vue local, la communication des conclusions initiales faisait partie intégrante du travail de recherche. Diverses méthodes classiques ont été utilisées (rapports et débats, par exemple), mais aussi des outils plus modernes de compte rendu (comme des blogues sur Internet). Dans chacune de ces communautés, la communication des conclusions de recherche a suscité un profond étonnement et un vif intérêt (car un chercheur s’est donné la peine de revenir vers elles). Le blogue sur Internet s’est avéré être un outil de recherche précieux pour faciliter la communication entre des groupes hétérogènes. Nous allons voir comment ce processus de compte rendu a : (a) permis de confirmer les conclusions des travaux de recherche ; (b) débouché sur différents résultats pratiques recherchés ; et (c) permis de démystifier le processus de recherche. Nous entendons démontrer que la communication en retour des résultats de recherche est une facette clé de tout travail avec et au sein des communautés (autochtones), et est absolument essentielle pour développer et préserver des relations riches dans ce domaine, dans le Nord canadien comme ailleurs.
Expérimenter et innover pour tendre vers l’excellence « durable » dans une destination
Authors: Frick Axel , Van der Yeught Corinne
Published: October 2012

L’objet de cet article est de comprendre comment une destination touristique peut expérimenter une forme d’excellence « durable » compte tenu de la variété des acteurs (publics et privés) qui composent la chaîne de valeur touristique et de la complexité des processus décisionnels. L’article procède en deux temps. Dans un premier temps, les concepts d’excellence, de développement durable des territoires et de responsabilité sociale des entreprises sont examinés, et les difficultés rencontrées par les organisations poursuivant des objectifs de durabilité sont identifiées. Dans un second temps, l’article présente les premiers résultats d’une recherche intervention menée au sein d’un projet pilote de développement touristique durable en phase d’expansion dans le sud de la France : la démarche EVEIL-Tourisme. L’intérêt de cette démarche réside dans l’accompagnement qu’elle propose aux professionnels du tourisme souhaitant progresser vers des pratiques responsables, et dans son approche systémique et transversale qui concourt au développement durable du territoire.
Le carnet de voyage audiovisuel ou cinématographique
Authors: Argod Pascale
Published: October 2012

Compte rendu du témoignage vécu du voyageur, le carnet de voyage se déclinerait aussi sous diverses formes audiovisuelles : l’émergence des arts graphiques dans l’oeuvre cinématographique, des séries télévisuelles de carnets de voyage, du documentaire de création d’un périple à la quête ethnographique ou encore du reportage d’expéditions naturalistes à visée « scientifique ». Par son regard sensible sur le monde et le voyage, le carnet de voyage interroge le réel dans son ambivalence entre documentaire de création et fiction. Autobiographie filmée d’un périple original, le carnet de voyage cinématographique est emprunt de l’héritage du cinéma ethnographique de Jean Rouch et de la transgression des frontières entre documentaire et fiction. Il serait un documentaire de création sur le thème d’un périple à la quête ethnographique ou de l’anthropologie du voyage, voire une fiction dans le style des road movies à la quête de l’errance et de soi. Ce médium pourrait-il promouvoir un « tourisme authentique » ? À travers un corpus d’une quarantaine d’exemples, nous allons essayer de dresser les facettes du « carnet de voyage », puis de définir ce genre hybride comme un ciné-tourisme tourné vers le voyage authentique.
Le patrimoine mondial est-il un mirage économique ?
Authors: Prigent Lionel
Published: October 2012

La Liste du patrimoine mondial de l’UNESCO est réputée reposer sur des principes d’universalité. Cependant, ses contempteurs observent que la multiplication des sites inscrits, puis l’élargissement des catégories de patrimoine, s’accompagnent d’une spécialisation de plus en plus forte vers le tourisme et d’une prétention, davantage exprimée, à contribuer au développement local. Les études sur l’impact économique des sites patrimoniaux traduisent pourtant une réalité plus équivoque. Ces réserves ne suffisent pas à modérer l’inflation de sites inscrits et les espérances placées dans la valorisation patrimoniale. Quelle est la motivation d’une telle obstination collective ? La complexité de la nature patrimoniale ne saurait se réduire à une dimension marchande. Même l’analyse économique du patrimoine traduit les limites d’une approche purement utilitaire et mercantile. Bien que les questions de mise en valeur et d’utilisation du patrimoine restent plus que jamais posées, l’élargissement de la définition économique permet peut-être de mieux percevoir les enjeux et les limites de l’extension patrimoniale et de ses conséquences.
Le rôle des syndicats d’initiative dans la mise en valeur du patrimoine
Authors: Manfredini Julie
Published: October 2012

Les années 1890 sont marquées par la naissance des syndicats d’initiative (SI), organismes privés qui veulent participer à la mise en tourisme de leur localité. Ils utilisent pour cela tous les atouts de leur ville et de leur région afin de créer une offre touristique entretenue par les guides et les affiches. Durant cette période où l’organisation du tourisme n’est pas ou peu centralisée, les SI sont devenus les atouts majeurs du tourisme français et de la modernisation des villes. Le SI de la ville d’Hyères illustre le rôle de ces associations. Sa politique touristique, menée entre 1890 et 1939, voit son apogée survenir dans les années 1930 avec l’arrivée de Félix Descroix, historien de formation et publiciste. Grâce à lui, le SI se révèle être un atout pour le tourisme local et pour la sauvegarde du patrimoine hyérois. Il contribue ainsi à la création d’une identité composée d’un patrimoine matériel et immatériel propre à cette « petite patrie ». Cet article propose d’étudier le fonctionnement de cette structure touristique et la façon dont elle définit et gère son patrimoine. Il permet de comprendre comment un syndicat d’initiative, structure touristique privée, permet de développer l’identité locale d’une société.
Pre‐stressed tunnel lining – pushing traditional concepts to new frontiers / Neue Grenzen für passiv vorgespannte Druckstollenauskleidungen
Authors: Grunicke Urs H. , Ristić Mladen
Published: October 2012

Pressure tunnels with pre‐stressed concrete linings are recognised as state‐of‐the‐art technology. Numerous pre‐stressed concrete linings, featuring diameters of up to 6 m, have been successfully implemented over the last few decades.

This paper on the Niagara Tunnel Facility Project (NTFP) illustrates how the concept of passive pre‐stressing can be further developed for application in increasingly complex geometrical and geotechnical boundary conditions. The diversion tunnel with an excavation diameter of 14.4 m was advanced in horizontal layers of sedimentary rock, which are characterised by a wide range of strengths and anisotropic stiffnesses as well as by pronounced time‐dependent deformation behaviour. The in‐situ stress field is marked by an exceptionally high horizontal stress, which s several times greater than the overburden pressure. The ground has a considerable swelling potential and is highly aggressive to concrete. This combination of difficult geotechnical conditions and unusual structural dimensions poses an unprecedented challenge to the designers with respect to both the design of the pre‐stressed final lining and the planning of the grouting works. The long‐term behaviour is modelled with the help of higher‐order creep and shrinkage laws, which are calibrated based on trials and measurements.

Druckstollen mit vorgespannter Betonauskleidung stellen einen anerkannten Stand der Technik dar. Für passiv vorgespannte Druckstollenauskleidungen liegt eine Vielzahl an langjährigen Erfahrungen für Durchmesser bis 6 m vor.

Dieser Beitrag erläutert anhand des Beispiels des Niagara Tunnel Facility Projects (NTFP), wie das Konzept der passiven Vorspannung auf geometrisch wie geotechnisch ungewöhnliche Rahmenbedingungen erweitert werden kann. Der Umleitungstunnel mit einem Ausbruchdurchmesser von 14,4 m wurde in einer horizontalen Wechselfolge von Sedimentgesteinen vorgetrieben, die eine große Bandbreite an Festigkeiten und anisotropen Steifigkeiten sowie ein ausgeprägtes zeitabhängiges Verformungsverhalten aufweisen. Das Primärspannungsfeld ist charakterisiert durch ungewöhnlich hohe Horizontalspannungen, die ein Vielfaches des Überlagerungsdrucks betragen. Es besteht ein ausgeprägtes Quellpotenzial sowie ein stark betonaggressives Milieu. Die Kombination aus schwierigen geotechnischen Verhältnissen mit ungewöhnlichen Bauwerksdimensionen, stellt den Entwurf der vorgespannten Innenschale vor eine bislang unbekannte Herausforderung hinsichtlich Dimensionierung und Planung der Verpressarbeiten. Das Langzeitverhalten wird mithilfe höherwertiger Kriech‐ und Schwindgesetze abgebildet, die anhand von Versuchen und Messungen kalibriert wurden.
Genetic Association Test for Multiple Traits at Gene Level
Authors: Guo Xiaobo , Liu Zhifa , Wang Xueqin , Zhang Heping
Published: October 2012

Genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) at the gene level are commonly used to understand biological mechanisms underlying complex diseases. In general, one response or outcome is used to present a disease of interest in such studies. In this study, we consider a multiple traits association test from the gene level. We propose and examine a class of test statistics that summarizes the association information between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and each of the traits. Our simulation studies demonstrate the advantage of gene‐based multiple traits association tests when multiple traits share common genes. Using our proposed tests, we reanalyze the dataset from the Study of Addiction: Genetics and Environment (SAGE). Our result validates previous findings while presenting stronger evidence for consideration of multiple traits.
Ultrasonographic cross‐sectional area normal values of the ulnar nerve along its course in the arm with electrophysiological correlations in 100 asian subjects
Authors: Bathala Lokesh , Kumar Pavan , Kumar Krishna , Visser Leo H.
Published: October 2012

Introduction: Normative cross‐sectional areas (CSAs) have been obtained for the Western population. We obtained CSAs of normal ulnar nerves at predetermined sites and correlate them with electrophysiological variables in Asian subjects. Methods: One hundred healthy volunteers, mean age 39 ± 14 years (range, 18–75 years), were recruited for the study after obtaining informed consent. The ulnar nerve was examined ultrasonographically from wrist to axilla, and CSA was measured at predetermined sites. All subjects underwent a simultaneous standardized nerve conduction study. Results: Men had larger CSAs, and CSAs increased with advancing age. There was a statistically significant correlation between CSA at the wrist and distal ulnar motor latency (P = 0.005). Conclusions: Ulnar CSA correlated with age, gender, and distal motor latency. No correlations were observed with height, weight, or body mass index. Muscle Nerve 47: 673–676, 2013
Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Polar Extracts and Essential Oil of Rose‐scented Geranium, Pelargonium graveolens
Authors: Boukhris Maher , Simmonds Monique S. J. , Sayadi Sami , Bouaziz Mohamed
Published: October 2012

Pelargonium graveolens (Geraniaceae) was characterized with respect to its chemical composition, antioxidant potential and antimicrobial activities. This is the first investigation focusing on the comparison of both essential oil and polar extracts from this species. The chemical composition of the essential oil of the aerial parts of P. graveolens was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The main constituents of the oil were found to be β‐citronellol (21.9%), citronellyl formate (13.2%), geraniol (11.1%), 10‐epi‐γ‐eudesmol (7.9%), geranyl formate (6.2%) and (l)‐linalool (5.6%). Nine flavonoids were identified by high‐performance liquid chromatography–MS in leaf and flower extracts. Kaempferol 3‐O‐rhamnoside‐glucoside, isorhamnetin aglycone, quercetin 3‐O‐glucoside, kaempferol 3,7‐di‐O‐glucoside, quercetin 3‐O‐pentose and kaempferol 3‐O‐glucoside, quercetin 3‐O‐rhamnoside‐glucoside, quercetin 3‐O‐pentoside‐glucoside, myrisetin 3‐O‐glucoside‐rhamnoside flavonoids were detected in methanolic and aqueous extracts, respectively. The total flavonoids ranged between 29.9 and 78.2 mg QE/g in flower water and methanol extracts, respectively, and 22.5 and 71.2 mg QE/g dry weight in leaf water and methanol extracts, respectively. The highest antioxidant activities using two methods of free radical scavenging capacities were obtained with the essential oil (9.16 mM of Trolox and 2.68 µg/ml). All P. graveolens essential oil and polar extracts were active against at least one bacterium. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantifying and Imaging Engineered Nanomaterials In Vivo: Challenges and Techniques
Authors: He Xiao , Ma Yuhui , Li Meng , Zhang Peng , Li Yuanyuan , Zhang Zhiyong
Published: October 2012

Quantifying and imaging the engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in vivo can provide information on the bio‐distribution and fate of ENMs in living systems. A necessary amount of in vivo quantitative data is indispensable to verify the extrapolation from in vitro tests, to modify the predictive models of ENM exposure, and to underpin the risk management strategy for ENMs. However, it remains a challenge to quantitatively assess the bio‐distribution of ENMs under realistic exposure, their long‐term deposition (especially in non‐targeted tissues), their passage across the natural barriers, and the impacts of nano–bio interactions on their in vivo behaviors. Some commonly used techniques for in vivo ENM quantification, such as electron microscopy, fluorescence‐based detection, atomic spectroscopy, radiotracing, and techniques basing on synchrotron radiation are reviewed, and their technical characteristics, the state of the art, limitations, and future prospects are addressed.
Factors Associated with the Willingness of Health Care Personnel to Work During an Influenza Public Health Emergency: An Integrative Review
Authors: Devnani Mahesh
Published: October 2012

Introduction

The first decade of the 21stcentury has witnessed three major influenza public health emergencies: (1) the severe acute respiratory syndrome of 2002-2003; (2) the avian flu of 2006; and (3) the 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza. An effective public health response to an influenza public health emergency depends on the majority of uninfected health care personnel (HCP) continuing to report to work. The purposes of this study were to determine the state of the evidence concerning the willingness of HCP to work during an influenza public health emergency, to identify the gaps for future investigation, and to facilitate evidence-based influenza public health emergency planning.

Methods

A systemic literature review of relevant, peer-reviewed, quantitative, English language studies published from January 1, 2001 through June 30, 2010 was conducted. Search strategies included the Cochrane Library, PubMed, PubMed Central, EBSCO Psychological and Behavioral Sciences Collection, Google Scholar, ancestry searching of citations in relevant publications, and information from individuals with a known interest in the topic.

Results

Thirty-two studies met the inclusion criteria. Factors associated with a willingness to work during an influenza public health emergency include: being male, being a doctor or nurse, working in a clinical or emergency department, working full-time, prior influenza education and training, prior experience working during an influenza emergency, the perception of value in response, the belief in duty, the availability of personal protective equipment (PPE), and confidence in one's employer. Factors found to be associated with less willingness were: being female, being in a supportive staff position, working part-time, the peak phase of the influenza emergency, concern for family and loved ones, and personal obligations. Interventions that resulted in the greatest increase in the HCP's willingness to work were preferential access to Tamiflu for the HCP and his/her family, and the provision of a vaccine for the individual and his/her family.

Conclusions

Understanding the factors that contribute to the willingness of HCP to report to work during an influenza public health emergency is critical to emergency planning and preparedness. Information from this review can guide emergency policy makers, planners, and implementers in both understanding and influencing the willingness of HCP to work during an influenza public health emergency.

DevnaniM.Factors associated with the willingness of health care personnel to work during an influenza public health emergency: an integrative review.Prehosp Disaster Med.2012;27(6):1-16.
Coupled dynamics of the co‐evolution of gravel bed topography, flow turbulence and sediment transport in an experimental channel
Authors: Singh Arvind , Foufoula‐Georgiou Efi , Porté‐Agel Fernando , Wilcock Peter R.
Published: October 2012

A series of flume experiments were conducted in a large experimental channel at the St. Anthony Falls Laboratory to understand the coupled dynamics of flow and bed forms above the sediment‐water interface. Simultaneous high resolution measurements of velocity fluctuations, bed elevations and sediment flux at the downstream end of the channel, were made for a range of discharges. The probability density functions (pdfs) of bed elevation increments and instantaneous Reynolds stress reveal a power law tail behavior and a wavelet cross‐correlation analysis depicts a strong dependence of these series across a range of scales, indicating a feedback between bed form dynamics and near‐bed turbulence. These results complement our previous findings in which the signature of bed form evolution on the near‐bed velocity fluctuations was confirmed via the presence of a spectral gap and two distinct power law scaling regimes in the spectral density of velocity fluctuations. We report herein a strong asymmetry in the probability distribution of bed elevation increments and instantaneous Reynolds stresses, the latter being further analyzed and interpreted via a quadrant analysis of velocity fluctuations in the longitudinal and vertical directions. We also report the presence of intermittency (multifractality) in bed elevation increments and interpret it, in view of the asymmetric nature of the pdfs, as the result of scale coupling. In other words, the geometric asymmetry at the bed form scale gets transferred down to a probabilistic asymmetry at all smaller scales indicating a local anisotropy in the energy transfer. Finally, we propose a predictive relationship between bed form averaged sediment transport rates and bed form averaged instantaneous Reynolds stress and validate it using our experimental data.