bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Choroidal vascular changes in early-stage myopic maculopathy from deep learning choroidal analysis: a hospital-based SS-OCT study
Authors: Li Yan , Li Haoer , Rui Xue , Wang Yuan , Zhu Shenju , Huang Mengge , Liang Jianqiang , Zhu Yangfeifei , Shi Jiajia , Yu Le , Huang Shenghai , Yang Chun , Dong Mengmeng , Gao Hebei , Shen Meixiao , Wu Hao , Zhou Xiangtian
Published: August 2024

Background

The objective of this study is to illustrate the changes in the choroidal vasculature in individuals with diffuse chorioretinal atrophy (DCA, early-stage myopic maculopathy) and investigate the association between them.

Methods

This study included 1418 highly myopic eyes from 720 participants aged 18 − 60 years from the Wenzhou High Myopia Cohort Study. These participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmic assessments. Myopic maculopathy classification followed the Meta-PM system, with pathological myopia defined as myopic maculopathy of DCA or severer. Eyes with myopic maculopathy categorized as no macular lesions (C0), tessellated fundus (C1), and DCA (C2) were enrolled in the analysis. Choroidal images were obtained from swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT), and the images were processed with a deep learning-based automatic segmentation algorithm and the Niblack auto-local threshold algorithm.

Results

DCA was detected in 247 eyes (17.4%). In comparison to eyes with C0, those with C2 exhibited significant reductions in choroidal thickness (ChT), luminal area (LA), and stromal area (SA) across all evaluated regions (all P < 0.001). An increase in choroidal vascular index (CVI) was observed in all regions, except for the nasal perifoveal (N2) and inferior perifoveal (I2) regions (all P < 0.01). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed a negative association between the presence of DCA and increases in choroidal LA and SA (odds ratio ≤ 0.099, P < 0.001). Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that the mean deviation of the visual field test was positively associated with LA and SA at the vertical meridian (B = 1.512, P < 0.001 for LA; B = 1.956, P < 0.001 for SA). Furthermore, the receiver operating characteristic curve analyses showed the optimal ChT to diagnose pathological myopia was 82.4 µm in the N2 region, the LA was 0.076 mm2 and the SA was 0.049 mm2, with area under the curves of 0.916, 0.908, and 0.895, respectively.

Conclusions

The results of this study indicated that both the presence of DCA and visual function impairment were associated with reductions in choroidal perfusion and stromal components. Moreover, we established threshold values for choroidal parameters in diagnosing pathological myopia, offering valuable references for clinical diagnosis and management.
Guidance of development, validation, and evaluation of algorithms for populating health status in observational studies of routinely collected data (DEVELOP-RCD)
Authors: Wang Wen , Jin Ying-Hui , Liu Mei , He Qiao , Xu Jia-Yue , Wang Ming-Qi , Li Guo-Wei , Fu Bo , Yan Si-Yu , Zou Kang , Sun Xin
Published: August 2024

Background

In recent years, there has been a growing trend in the utilization of observational studies that make use of routinely collected healthcare data (RCD). These studies rely on algorithms to identify specific health conditions (e.g. diabetes or sepsis) for statistical analyses. However, there has been substantial variation in the algorithm development and validation, leading to frequently suboptimal performance and posing a significant threat to the validity of study findings. Unfortunately, these issues are often overlooked.

Methods

We systematically developed guidance for the development, validation, and evaluation of algorithms designed to identify health status (DEVELOP-RCD). Our initial efforts involved conducting both a narrative review and a systematic review of published studies on the concepts and methodological issues related to algorithm development, validation, and evaluation. Subsequently, we conducted an empirical study on an algorithm for identifying sepsis. Based on these findings, we formulated specific workflow and recommendations for algorithm development, validation, and evaluation within the guidance. Finally, the guidance underwent independent review by a panel of 20 external experts who then convened a consensus meeting to finalize it.

Results

A standardized workflow for algorithm development, validation, and evaluation was established. Guided by specific health status considerations, the workflow comprises four integrated steps: assessing an existing algorithm’s suitability for the target health status; developing a new algorithm using recommended methods; validating the algorithm using prescribed performance measures; and evaluating the impact of the algorithm on study results. Additionally, 13 good practice recommendations were formulated with detailed explanations. Furthermore, a practical study on sepsis identification was included to demonstrate the application of this guidance.

Conclusions

The establishment of guidance is intended to aid researchers and clinicians in the appropriate and accurate development and application of algorithms for identifying health status from RCD. This guidance has the potential to enhance the credibility of findings from observational studies involving RCD.
The reliability and validity of Child-to-parent Violence Questionnaire (CPV-Q) among Chinese adolescents
Authors: Xie Weishi , Wang Mengxuan , Wang Linya , Yang Li , Luo Min
Published: August 2024

Objective

To test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Child-to-parent Violence Questionnaire (CPV-Q) in a group of Chinese adolescents.

Methods

A total of 1138 adolescents (15.24 ± 1.17 years old) were tested with the Chinese version of CPV-Q, Parent-Adolescent Conflict Scale, and Adolescent Aggressive Behavior Scale of which 201 adolescents were retested 1 month later. The Chinese version of CPV-Q contains psychological, physical, financial, and control/domain factors with 14 items.

Results

The four-factor model has good main fit indicators (father: χ2/df = 3.28, CFI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.06; mother: χ2/df = 3.30, CFI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.06); the scale has good criterion-related validity. The Cronbach’s α coefficients of the Chinese version of CPV-Q were 0.89 (father) and 0.88 (mother), and the Cronbach’s α coefficients of the four subscales were 0.81 ~ 0.84 (father) and 0.76 ~ 0.85 (mother). The test–retest reliability of the Chinese version of CPV-Q was 0.85 (father) and 0.83 (mother), and the test–retest reliability of the four subscales was 0.80 ~ 0.83 (father) and 0.75 ~ 0.84 (mother).

Conclusion

Therefore, the CPV-Q has good reliability and validity for Chinese adolescents and can be used as an effective tool to evaluate Chinese adolescents’ violence toward their parents.
Quality and safety of cheese shipped to the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Osaili Tareq M. , Bani Odeh Wael A. , Mohd Khalid Abdulla , Shahdad Mohamed K. , Bin Meskin Fatma S. B. , Garimella Vaidehi , Bahir Wedad S. , Obaid Reyad S. , Holley Richard , Darra Nada El
Published: August 2024

During an examination of 3299 cheeses imported into the United Arab Emirates (UAE) from 2017 to 2021 for compliance with regulations regarding moisture and fat content, microbial quality, acidity, the presence of quinoline (a non-permitted colorant), sorbic acid, and the presence of rust discoloration, it was found that 91% of cheeses were compliant with UAE legislation. However, 9% were in violation of one or more of the mandated quality parameters, suggesting that adulteration had occurred. Within product categories the greatest level of non-conformity at 13% was noted for processed cheese, primarily due to violations caused by high moisture and low-fat content. This is important because moisture levels in processed cheese can influence its texture and shelf life. The microbial assessment of cheese showed that 85.7% of semi-hard and 77.5% of soft cheeses had non-compliant levels of E. coli. It was notable that 21.8% of non-compliant products originated from Turkey. Cheeses from Germany had the lowest level of non-conformity at 0.6%. This study illustrates the need for border scrutiny to include physicochemical examinations of cheese samples. The current initiative aims to promote the need for equity in global trade and to prevent the marketing of adulterated food items.

Graphical Abstract
Survival benefit of IABP in pre- versus post-primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with cardiogenic shock
Authors: Azazy Ahmed , Farid Walaa Abdaziz , Ibrahim Walid Abdu , El Shafey Wassam ELDin Hadad
Published: August 2024

Background

Cardiogenic shock (CS) remains a major cause of in-hospital mortality in the setting of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, little evidence is available regarding the optimal order of intra-aortic balloon counter-pulsation (IABP) insertion and primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). The aim of this study was to assess the hospital and short-term survival benefits of two different IABP insertion approaches, before versus after PPCI in patients with acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock.

Results

Total mortality was 80 patients representing 48.4% of the total 165 studied patients; 60 patients died during the hospital admission period, while the remaining 20 patients died post-discharge. In-hospital mortality was significantly higher in Post-PPCI–IABP group 40 (49.4%) versus Pre-PPCI–IABP group 20 (23.8%) (P = 0.001). Moreover, the mortality difference between the two groups was sustained over six-month follow-up period, where 15 patients (18.5%) died in the Post-PPCI–IABP group, while only 5 patients 6.0% died in the Pre-PPCI–IABP (P = 0.001).

Conclusions

Early IABP insertion before PPCI is associated with improved in-hospital and long-term survival when used for patients presenting with AMI complicated by hemodynamic instability.
Systematic implementation of cardiopulmonary ultrasound imaging to optimize management of acute decompensated heart failure
Authors: Samir Ahmad , Yosry Doaa , Elgengehe Ahmed Talaat , Said Kareem
Published: August 2024

Background

Heart failure (HF) poses a major health problem, where frequent HF rehospitalizations (HFH) heavily burden national health systems. HFH are predominantly linked to inadequate decongestion before discharge. It is uncertain if systematic implementation of cardio-pulmonary ultra-sound imaging (CPUSI) to standard HF management can improve outcomes and reduce HFH.

Results

This study recruited 50 patients admitted with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). Besides the conventional daily assessment, CPUSI was systematically performed to guide treatment decisions, focusing on ventricular filling pressure and 8-zone lung ultrasound (LUS) score. On-admission and predischarge LUS scores were correlated to clinical outcomes. The mean age of the study group was 55.7 ± 10.59 years, with predominance of male gender. Supplementing clinical judgment, CPUSI modified therapeutic strategy in 57 out of 241 assessments (24%), improving patients’ care. Besides its value in guiding therapeutic decisions, the LUS score on admission had a significant positive correlation to the length of ICU stay and the total hospitalization length. Also, LUS score > 12 at discharge predicted 90-day HFH with sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 98%, respectively.

Conclusions

Systematic CPUSI can improve HF management by complementing the often challenging judgment of pulmonary congestion. Adding periodic evaluation of ventricular filling pressures and LUS scores to clinical assessment can optimize treatment decisions and improve patient care. LUS score was a significant predictor for in-hospital and post-discharge clinical outcomes.

Graphical abstract
Generalized lymphadenopathy as an initial presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Ekpenyong Henry Jacob , Olaosebikan Hakeem Babatunde , Aliyu Hassana Hindatu , Babatunde Emmanuel Oladayo , Adelowo Olufemi Oladipo
Published: August 2024

Background

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic multisystemic autoimmune disorder with a wide array of clinical manifestations. Lymphadenopathy is occasionally observed in patients with SLE, and although it is sometimes a feature of active disease, it is rarely the initial presenting feature at the time of diagnosis.

Case presentation

We report the case of a 35-year-old woman with clinical features of generalized lymphadenopathy, fatigue, fever, and malaise of approximately 3 months duration with no other constitutional disorders or systemic involvement suggestive of SLE.

Despite extensive laboratory, radiological, and histological evaluations for malignancies and infectious causes of generalized lymphadenopathy, all results returned normal. About a month later, she developed inflammatory polyarthritis, with a markedly elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of 120 mm/h, and a subsequent serologic workup confirmed the diagnosis of SLE.

Autoimmune serology testing revealed positive results for various antibodies, including antinuclear antibody (ANA) at a titre of 1:5120, homogenous and speckled pattern, anti-Sm, anti-dsDNA, U1-snRNP, Ku, SSA-AntiRo, SSB-AntiLa, anti-SM/RNP, anti-Histone, ribosomal-p protein, and anti-nucleosome antibodies. The diagnosis of SLE was established using the 2019 European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology (EULAR/ ACR) criteria.

She was on oral prednisolone, hydroxychloroquine, and calcium/vitamin D3 tablets. The patient improved remarkably, all swollen lymph nodes regressed spontaneously and she had no further need for a hematology review.

Conclusion

While similar cases have been reported in Europe and some parts of Asia, in Africa, a careful search of the literature revealed that such cases have been reported only from Egypt in North Africa and not from other parts of the continent; hence, this case report highlights the importance of recognizing atypical presentations of SLE to improve awareness and diagnosis in different regions.
Clinical, pathologic and molecular findings in 2 Rottweiler littermates with appendicular osteosarcoma
Authors: Silver Kate I. , Mannheimer Joshua D. , Saba Corey , Hendricks William P. D. , Wang Guannan , Day Kenneth , Warrier Manisha , Beck Jessica A. , Mazcko Christina , LeBlanc Amy K.
Published: August 2024

Appendicular osteosarcoma was diagnosed and treated in a pair of littermate Rottweiler dogs, resulting in distinctly different clinical outcomes despite similar therapy within the context of a prospective, randomized clinical trial (NCI-COTC021/022). Histopathology, immunohistochemistry, mRNA sequencing, and targeted DNA hotspot sequencing techniques were applied to both dogs’ tumors to define factors that could underpin their differential response to treatment. We describe the comparison of their clinical, histologic and molecular characteristics, as well as those from a companion cohort of Rottweiler dogs. A pan-cancer genomic sequencing panel conducted in the sibling dogs demonstrated both shared and distinct alterations in several genes implicated in osteosarcoma, including CDKN2B, SETD2, MYC, and PDGFRA, while transcriptional profiling of primary tumor tissue indicated under-expression of key immunological response genes. This report provides new insight into molecular features and potential prognostic biomarkers for canine osteosarcoma.
Effects of titration speed, gender, obesity and concomitant medications on the risk and onset time of clozapine-associated fever among Japanese patients with schizophrenia: retrospective review of charts from 21 hospitals
Authors: Kikuchi Yuki , Kurosawa Masahiro , Sakata Mutsumi , Takahashi Yu , Yamamoto Kyohei , Tomita Hiroaki , Yoshio Takashi , Yasui-Furukori Norio
Published: August 2024

Background

Clozapine-induced inflammation, such as myocarditis and pneumonia, can occur during initial titration and can be fatal. Fever is often the first sign of severe inflammation, and early detection and prevention are essential. Few studies have investigated the effects of clozapine titration speed and concomitant medication use on the risk of clozapine-induced inflammation.

Aims

We evaluated the risk factors for clozapine-associated fever, including titration speed, concomitant medication use, gender and obesity, and their impact on the risk of fever and the fever onset date.

Method

We conducted a case-control study. The medical records of 539 Japanese participants with treatment-resistant schizophrenia at 21 hospitals in Japan who received clozapine for the first time between 2010 and 2022 were retrospectively investigated. Of these, 512 individuals were included in the analysis. Individuals were divided into three groups according to the titration rate recommended by international guidelines for East Asians: the faster titration group, the slower titration group and the ultra-slower titration group. The use of concomitant medications (such as antipsychotics, mood stabilisers, hypnotics and anxiolytics) at clozapine initiation was comprehensively investigated. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the explanatory variables for the risk of a fever of 37.5°C or higher lasting at least 2 days.

Results

Fever risk significantly increased with faster titration, male gender and concomitant use of valproic acid or quetiapine. No increased fever risk was detected with the use of other concomitant drugs, such as olanzapine, lithium or orexin receptor antagonists. Fever onset occurred significantly earlier with faster titration. Multivariate analysis identified obesity as being a factor that accelerated fever onset.

Conclusion

A faster titration speed and concomitant treatment with valproic acid and quetiapine at clozapine initiation increased the risk of clozapine-associated fever. Clinicians should titrate clozapine with caution and consider both the titration speed and concomitant medications.
NABNEC: A randomised phase II study of
nab
-paclitaxel in combination with carboplatin as first line treatment of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine carcinomas (GI-NECs).
Authors: Chantrill Lorraine A. , Ransom David , Chan David , Nagrial Adnan , Pavlakis Nick , Markman Ben , Karapetis Christos Stelios , Sjoquist Katrin Marie , Simes John , Gebski Val , Hofman Michael S , Ginestet Pablo Gonzalez , Gill Anthony J. , Yip Sonia , Michael Michael , Jaworski Anthony , Siu Ho Wai Derrick , Khasraw Mustafa
Published: August 2024

589

Background:
Neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC) are rare and aggressive cancers. There are no randomised trials to date to establish standard therapy for advanced G3 gastrointestinal (GI) NENs. Extrapolating from small cell lung cancer data, standard practice is to treat G3 GI-NENs with etoposide and carboplatin. Paclitaxel is also active in NECs however there is no data on the role of
nab
-paclitaxel. NABNEC (ANZCTR # 12616000958482) aimed to determine the activity, safety and tolerability of carboplatin and
nab
-paclitaxel in advanced G3 GI-NENs and to enhance our understanding of the biology and imaging characteristics of such NENs.
Methods:
NABNEC was designed as a randomised non-comparative phase II study, evaluating the activity of
nab-
paclitaxel in patients with advanced and/or metastatic non-resectable G3 GI-NENs. The statistical plan was that 46 evaluable patients in the experimental arm would give 80% power and 95% confidence to rule out a 30% RR in favour of a more interesting RR of 50% at 6 months. Protocol version 3.0 was amended and randomisation to the control arm was suspended after 12 patients. Primary endpoint was objective response rate (RR) by RECIST 1.1. Secondary endpoints were progression free survival, overall survival, adverse events by NCI-CTCAE V4.03 and quality of life (EORTC QLQC30, QLQ-GINET21 questionnaires). Translational research endpoints include blood and tissue biomarkers including circulating tumour cells profiling, mutation profile (whole exome sequencing) and DNA methylation profile correlated with clinical endpoints. Correlation of 18-fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) to early response has also been evaluated.
Results:
60 patients were accrued between Sep 2016 and Dec 2021 from 16 centres, resulting in 58 evaluable patients, 12 (control arm), 46 (experimental arm). 43 patients (75%) had tumours with Ki-67>55%; the remainder had Ki-67 between 20 and 55%. About 20% had pancreatic primaries; more than half had liver metastases. The NABNEC trial met its primary endpoint. RR was 53% (38-69%) in the experimental treatment arm compared to 42% (16-71%) in the control group. Progression free survival was not different between the 2 treatments. 24m overall survival was 25% in the experimental group compared to 17% in the control. Grade 3 toxicity was worse in the nab-paclitaxel arms (52% v 42%). Quality of life and tertiary outcomes are being analysed.
Conclusions:
The combination of carboplatin and nab-paclitaxel is an active regimen for G3 GI-NENs. Further evaluation in a Phase III study is warranted. Clinical trial information: ACTRN12616000958482.
Influence of anti-ferromagnetic ordering and electron correlation on the electronic structure of MnTiO3
Authors: Ali Asif , Maurya R. K. , Bansal Sakshi , Reddy B. H. , Singh Ravi Shankar
Published: August 2024

Electron correlation and long-range magnetic ordering have a significant impact on the electronic structure and physical properties of solids. Here, we investigate the electronic structure of ilmenite MnTiO3 using room temperature photoemission spectroscopy and theoretical approaches within density functional theory (DFT), DFT+ U and DFT+dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT). Mn 2p (Ti 2p) core level photoemission spectra, confirming Mn2+ (Ti4+) oxidation state, exhibit multiple satellites which are very similar to that of MnO (TiO2), suggesting similar strength of various interactions in this system. Valence band spectra collected at different photon energies suggest dominant Mn 3d character in the highest occupied band with a wide insulating gap. DFT(+ U) correctly predicts the experimentally observed anti-ferromagnetic (AFM) insulating ground state for MnTiO3 where the requirement of a large U to reproduce the experimental values of magnetic moment and band gap signifies the importance of electron correlation. Magnetically disordered paramagnetic (PM) phase could be well captured within DFT+DMFT, which provides an excellent agreement for the experimental band gap, paramagnetic moment, valence band spectra as well as dominant Mn 3d character in the highest occupied band. The calculated spectral function remains largely unaffected and exhibits sharper features in the magnetically ordered AFM phase. We show that the electronic structure of MnTiO3 in both the PM and AFM phases can be accurately described within DFT+DMFT.
Neurosarcoidosis With Panhypopituitarism: Two Cases and Literature Review
Authors: Niedzialkowska Ewelina , Blazin Tatjana , Shelden Daniel , Buras Eric D
Published: August 2024

Neurosarcoidosis (NS) with hypothalamic-pituitary (HP) involvement (HP-NS) is a rare clinical condition, conferring variable hormonal deficits that are typically irreversible. Here, we present 2 cases of NS with panhypopituitarism. The first patient presented with cauda equina syndrome and arginine vasopressin deficiency, while the second developed recurrent optic neuritis and vision loss in the setting of a sellar mass. In the first case, neurological symptoms resolved after therapy with high-dose glucocorticoids, infliximab, and methotrexate; while in the second, visual restoration followed resection of the granulomatous tissue and immunosuppressive therapy. In both cases, pituitary dysfunction persisted despite neurological improvement. We contextualized the presentations and outcomes through a literature review of HP-NS case reports and case series. This revealed high rates of extraneurologic sarcoidosis in HP-NS patients with panhypopituitarism, while underscoring the need for hormonal replacement—as endocrinopathies rarely respond to sarcoidosis-directed immunosuppression.
Jiang Qing, the Iconic Anti-icon: Visual Dissection of Female Political Power in Post-Mao People's Republic of China
Authors: Pozzi Laura , Mandzunowski Damian
Published: August 2024

This article examines how, in the years following the end of the Cultural Revolution (1966–76), Jiang Qing 江青 (1914–91) became a negative icon of a liberated woman in high office in the People’s Republic of China (PRC). During the Cultural Revolution, Jiang Qing transformed herself into a model female political leader. After her arrest in 1976, however, political caricatures systematically deconstructed her curated image by transforming her into the antithesis of the ideal powerful woman in a socialist society. Since a model liberated female politician was not yet available, Jiang Qing served as an “iconic anti-iconic” of women in politics under state socialism. Acknowledging the importance of Jiang Qing as a historical figure in Maoist China, this article analyzes how post–Cultural Revolution caricatures of her provide us with an understanding of the Chinese Communist Party’s anxieties about women in power, and it raises questions about the absence of an iconic woman-leader in the PRC’ s political visual culture despite years of campaigning to achieve women’s liberation.
Lower-limb coordination changes following a 6-week training intervention that elicited enhancements to maximum velocity sprint performance
Authors: Lenthall Daniel , Brazil Adam , Castaño-Zambudio Adrián , Lightfoot Harry , Mendiguchia Jurdan , Jiménez-Reyes Pedro , Colyer Steffi L.
Published: August 2024

Alterations to intra- and inter-limb coordination with improved maximal velocity performance remain largely unexplored. This study quantified within-day variability in lower-limb segmental coordination profiles during maximal velocity sprinting and investigated the modifications to coordination strategies in 15 recreationally active males following a 6-week period comprised of a multimodal training programme [intervention group (INT); n=7] or continued participation in sports (control group; n=8). The INT demonstrated a large decrease (effect size=−1.54) in within-day coordination profile variability, suggesting potential skill development. Thigh-thigh coordination modifications for the INT were characterised by an earlier onset of trail thigh reversal in early swing (26 versus 28% stride) and lead thigh reversal in late swing (76 versus 79% stride), rather than increases in overall time spent in anti-phase. Moreover, an increase in backward rotation of thigh relative to shank (effect size, 95% CIs: 0.75, 0.17 to 1.33) and shank relative to foot (0.76, −0.17 to 1.68) during late swing likely facilitated more aggressive acceleration of the limb, contributing to reduced touchdown distance and more favourable lower-limb configuration at initial ground contact. These novel findings provide empirical support for the role of longitudinal coordination modifications in improving maximal velocity performance.
The highly metastatic 4T1 breast carcinoma model possesses features of a hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype
Authors: Herndon Mary E. , Ayers Mitchell , Gibson-Corley Katherine N. , Wendt Michael K. , Wallrath Lori L. , Henry Michael D. , Stipp Christopher S.
Published: August 2024

Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs) are thought to promote metastasis via downregulation of E-cadherin (also known as Cdh1) and upregulation of mesenchymal markers such as N-cadherin (Cdh2) and vimentin (Vim). Contrary to this, E-cadherin is retained in many invasive carcinomas and promotes collective cell invasion. To investigate how E-cadherin regulates metastasis, we examined the highly metastatic, E-cadherin-positive murine 4T1 breast cancer model, together with the less metastatic, 4T1-related cell lines 4T07, 168FARN and 67NR. We found that 4T1 cells display a hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype with co-expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers, whereas 4T07, 168FARN, and 67NR cells display progressively more mesenchymal phenotypes in vitro that relate inversely to their metastatic capacity in vivo. Using RNA interference and constitutive expression, we demonstrate that the expression level of E-cadherin does not determine 4T1 or 4T07 cell metastatic capacity in mice. Mechanistically, 4T1 cells possess highly dynamic, unstable cell-cell junctions and can undergo collective invasion without E-cadherin downregulation. However, 4T1 orthotopic tumors in vivo also contain subregions of EMT-like loss of E-cadherin. Thus, 4T1 cells function as a model for carcinomas with a hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype that promotes invasion and metastasis.
The impact of energy releasing B-vitamin intake on indices of obesity and cardiac function: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Agraib Lana M. , Al-Shami Islam , Alkhatib Buthaina , Hasan Hanan
Published: August 2024

Background B vitamins play a crucial role in the balance and metabolism of energy. Energy metabolism mainly benefits from the B-complex vitamins. Specifically, decarboxylation, transamination, acylation, oxidation, and reduction of substrates that are ultimately employed in energy intake require thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin B6. Vitamin deficiency could lead to chronic disease occurrence. Objectives To assess the impact of energy-releasing B-vitamins intake (B1, B2, B3, and B6) on selected indices of obesity and cardiac function. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed on 491 apparently healthy adults (18-64 years old) between January and May 2019 at Hashemite University, Jordan. Anthropometric measurements were taken, lipid profiles were analyzed, and indices of obesity and cardiac function were calculated. The typical dietary intake of B1, B2, B3, and B6 vitamins was calculated. Results Conicity index (CI) and abdominal volume index (AVI) scores significantly decreased with the increased adjusted vitamin B1 and B6 intake. Also, body roundness index (BRI), weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) scores were decreased with the increase of adjusted B6 intake (p<0.05). The total sample showed a significant inverse weak correlation between energy-adjusted intake of B1 and AVI (r= -0.156, p=0.001) and BRI (r= 0.111, p=0.014). Similar correlations were detected among male participants between energy-adjusted B1 intake and BAI, AVI, and BRI. Female participants had a significant weak inverse correlation between BAI and energy-adjusted B2 (r= -0.180, p=0.029) and B6 intake (r= -0.212, p=0.010). Only B1, the vitamin, significantly explained 2.43 and 1.24% of changes observed in the AVI and BRI scores, respectively (p<0.05). Conclusions Increasing the consumption of B1, B2, and B6 may significantly lower values of indices of obesity and cardiac function regardless of sex differences. Thus reducing the occurrence of obesity and related coronary heart diseases.
Clinical rationale for dietary lutein supplementation in long COVID and mRNA vaccine injury syndromes
Authors: Kyriakopoulos Anthony M , Nigh Greg , McCullough Peter A , Seneff Stephanie
Published: August 2024

Lutein, a plant-derived xanthophyl-carotenoid, is an exceptional antioxidant and anti-inflammatory constituent found in food. High dietary intake of lutein is beneficial against eye disease, improves cardiometabolic health, protects from neurodegenerative diseases, and is beneficial for liver, kidney, and respiratory health. Lutein protects against oxidative and nitrosative stress, both of which play a major role in post-COVID and mRNA vaccination injury syndromes. Lutein is an important natural agent for therapeutic use against oxidative and nitrosative stress in chronic illnesses such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. It can also potentially inhibit spike protein-induced inflammation. Rich dietary supplementation of lutein, naturally derived in non-biodegradable Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO), can most optimally be used against oxidative and nitrosative stress during post-COVID and mRNA vaccination injury syndromes. Due to its high oleic acid (OA) content, EVOO supports optimal absorption of dietary lutein. The main molecular pathways by which the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induces pathology, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer activated B cells (NF-κB) and activated protein (AP)-1, can be suppressed by lutein. Synergy with other natural compounds for spike protein detoxification is likely.
Dataset of a national survey on online gambling activities among young people in Portugal.
Authors: Farias Ana Rita , Antunes Ana Cristina
Published: August 2024

Abstract* Background Recent advancements in online gambling have significantly increased the popularity and participation in gambling activities among the general population, specifically the young generations. These changes are reshaping gambling behaviors, attracting a growing number of enthusiasts. This paper describes a dataset that maps online gambling activities among young individuals in Portugal, providing insights into their gambling prevalence, habits, behaviors, preferences, and potential antecedents and consequences of these activities. Methods A survey was conducted with a representative sample of 1,993 young people in Portugal, aged between 18 and 34, to gather data on their activities. This methodology involved a quantitative telephone survey conducted in March and April 2023, utilizing quota sampling to ensure representation across various regions. The data collection process employed Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) and involved rigorous quality control measures to ensure accuracy and reliability. Conclusion The dataset generated from this survey provides valuable insights into the patterns of online gambling activities among young Portuguese individuals. It allows researchers to explore potential risk factors, including gambling-related harm, and to understand the sociodemographic factors influencing gambling behaviors. The findings can inform interventions and policies aimed at mitigating the negative consequences of online gambling among youth.
Discrepancy in efficiency scores due to sampling error in data envelopment analysis methodology: evidence from the banking sector
Authors: L Kishore , E Geetha , S P Shivaprasad , Chandra Sachin R
Published: August 2024

Background Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology is considered the most suitable approach for relative performance efficiency calculation for banks as it is believed to be superior to traditional ratio-based analysis and other conventional performance evaluations. This study provides statistical evidence on the sampling error that can creep into performance evaluation studies using the DEA methodology. Inferences are drawn based on samples, and various preventive measures must be taken to eliminate or avoid sampling errors and misleading results. This study demonstrates the possibility of sampling error in DEA with the secondary data available in financial statements and reports from a sample set of banks. Methods The samples included 15 public sectors and five leading private sector banks in India based on their market share, and the data for calculating efficiencies were retrieved from the published audited reports. The sample data was collected from 2014 to 2017 because the banking sector in India witnessed a series of mergers of public sector banks post-2017, and the data after that would be skewed and not comparable due to the demonetization policy implementation and merger process-related consolidation implemented by the Government of India. The efficiency measures thus computed are further analyzed using non-parametric statistical tests. Results We found statistically significant discrepancies in the efficiency score calculations using DEA approach when specific outlier values. Evidence is provided on statistically significant differences in the efficiencies due to the inclusion and exclusion of particular samples in the DEA. Conclusion The study offers a novel contribution along with statistical evidence on the possible sampling error that can creep into the performance evaluation of organizations while applying the DEA methodology.
MirtronStructDB: A Comprehensive Database of Mirtrons with Predicted Secondary Structures
Authors: Li Shumin , Chow Franklin Wang-Ngai , Chen Lei , Su Junhao , Ahmed Syed Shakeel , Luo Ruibang
Published: August 2024

Motivation Mirtrons, a vital category of non-canonical microRNAs (miRNAs) originating from exon-intron boundaries through splicing mechanisms, play crucial roles in cellular processes. However, existing databases lack the latest data and structural information, hindering understandings of mirtron formation and functions. Results We introduce MirtronStructDB, an online database addressing these gaps by incorporating over 350 novel mirtrons. Significantly, it provides corresponding predicted RNA secondary structures, offering a deeper understanding of the functional roles and mechanisms of all mirtrons. This enhances previous repositories, offering a total of 4,209 mirtron records spanning 25 species from 46 publications. Our database contributes for unraveling patterns and functions in mirtrons across species and diverse structural features. MirtronStructDB allows users to freely browse, search, visualize, and download data via a user-friendly interface. Availability MirtronStructDB is accessible at: http://www.bio8.cs.hku.hk/msdb/. Contact lishumin@connect.hku.hk, rbluo@cs.hku.hk
CINNAMON-GUI: Revolutionizing Pap Smear Analysis with CNN-Based Digital Pathology Image Classification
Authors: Zammataro Luca
Published: August 2024

Background Medical imaging has seen significant advancements through machine learning, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs). These technologies have transformed the analysis of pathological images, enhancing the accuracy of diagnosing and classifying cellular anomalies. Digital pathology methodologies, including image analysis, have improved cervical cancer diagnostics. However, existing commercial platforms are often costly and restrictive, limiting customization and scalability. Methods CINNAMON-GUI is an open-source digital pathology tool based on CNNs for classifying Pap smear images. Transitioning to a Shiny app in Python, it offers enhanced user interface and interactivity. The application supports dynamic web interactions, advanced features for image analysis, and state-of-the-art CNN models tailored for digital pathology. Key features include intuitive UI components, real-time image and plot generation, memory-efficient data handling, and robust training capabilities with customizable CNN architectures. The tool also integrates with Labelme for defining regions of interest and allows testing on external biospecimens. Results Model A (seed 42, 100 epochs) and Model B (same architecture with adjusted augmentation parameters) were compared. Model A stabilized with training accuracy around 0.88 and validation accuracy around 0.913. Model B showed improved performance with training accuracy around 0.91 and validation accuracy around 0.95. Feature mapping highlighted critical morphological aspects, improving classification accuracy. Model B reduced misclassification errors significantly compared to Model A. Conclusions CINNAMON-GUI demonstrates the potential of an open-source platform in digital pathology, providing transparency and collaborative opportunities. The tool enhances diagnostic accuracy through feature map analysis and optimized CNN training. Future development aims to extend its application to other cancer types, leveraging its dynamic and user-friendly interface for broader use in diagnostics.
Case Report: Peripartum periventricular leukomalacia resulting in cerebral palsy associated with placenta previa in Japan
Authors: Suzuki Shunji
Published: August 2024

Intrapartum fetal heart rate monitoring abnormalities had been reported to correlate with decreased umbilical artery base excess associated with neonatal seizures. However, we present an infant born at 35 weeks of gestation diagnosed with cerebral palsy associated with periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) without fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring abnormalities, According to the summary reports of PVL cases published on the home page of the Japan Obstetric Compensation System for Cerebral Palsy (JOCSC)), the percentage of placenta previa without FHR monitoring abnormalities in the cases of PVL was 5.7% (12/209), which seemed to be higher than the total percentage of placenta previa reported in Japan (0.3–0.5%).
Design and Evaluation of Field Segmentation, Path Generation and Sequential Point Tracking Algorithms for Agricultural Mobile Robots
Authors: Luo Chengming , Zhang Shuai , Zhong Jing , Zhou Mingkuan , Zheng Kan , Du Jun , Xia Junfang
Published: August 2024

Highlights

Field segmentation, path generation, and sequential point tracking algorithms were designed for agricultural mobile robots.

An optimized field segmentation plan and operation path could be generated for the robot.

The sequential point tracking algorithm could guide the robot to a series of target points.

The algorithms were tested in simulation calculations and practical experiments.

Abstract. As agricultural production becomes increasingly intelligent, operations by autonomous mobile robots become an inevitable trend. For some operations, such as in-field soil sampling, agricultural robots need to track a series of target points in the field. In this work, a field segmentation algorithm, a path generation algorithm, and a sequential point tracking algorithm were designed and evaluated. The field segmentation and operation path generation algorithms, which took, respectively, the total lost area of the field and the total turning angle of the robot as optimization objectives, aimed to provide an efficient operation plan for the robot to follow. The sequential point tracking algorithm was designed for the robot to realize automatic tracking of the planned target points following a desired sequence. The algorithms were tested by simulation calculations using the boundary coordinates of two test fields and field experiments based on a small four-wheeled mobile robot. Field results of the straight-path, multi-target point tracking experiment showed that the designed steering angle and velocity control laws could accurately guide the robot from a start point to a series of target points when the robot was running on a concrete surface. The absolute distance errors of the robot with respect to the targets were smaller than 0.03 m. To test the robot’s tracking performance on different surface conditions, two whole-field, continuous point tracking experiments were performed. The general effectiveness of the sequential point tracking algorithm was validated. When the robot was running on hard surface conditions (concrete and grass), the tracking errors were between 0.014 m and 0.074 m. When the robot was running on a soft and bumpy soil surface, the tracking accuracy degraded to submeter level due to the limitation of small-size wheels. The average, RMS, and maximum errors were 0.774 m, 0.775 m, and 0.798 m, respectively. However, the feasibility of the sequential control algorithm was not influenced. The designed algorithms could be potentially utilized in the development of robotic systems for in-field site-specific operations. Keywords: Agricultural mobile robot, Control sequence, Field segmentation, Operation path generation, Point tracking.
Numerical Simulation of Pyrethrin Aerosol Deposition
Authors: Asuncion Fei Xyza Bumagat , Casada Mark E. , Elsayed Sherif , Maghirang Ronaldo G. , Schumacher Kristopher , Brabec Daniel L. , Arthur Frank , Campbell James F. , Zhu Kun Yan
Published: August 2024

Highlights

A steady state, laminar CFD model was developed to simulate the airflow inside an aerosol exposure chamber.

The CFD model predicted the droplet tracks and deposition of various sizes of aerosol droplets.

Larger aerosol droplets had higher deposition efficiency.

A Higher flow rate, but still within the laminar flow regime, caused lower deposition efficiency for all droplet sizes.

Abstract. Aerosol insecticides (e.g., pyrethrin) are widely used for the control of stored products insects inside food facilities. To optimize pyrethrin aerosol application, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to predict airflow and aerosol transport inside a vertical flow aerosol exposure chamber operated under laminar flow conditions. A discrete phase model in ANSYS FLUENT 2021 R1 was developed, and simulations were conducted to track pyrethrin droplets of various diameters (0.1 to 20 µm) and determine their deposition onto Petri dishes located near the center of the chamber. The deposition efficiency of the different aerosol droplet sizes and the effect of two flow rates (5 × 10-4 m3 s-1 and 4 × 10-4 m3 s-1) on deposition efficiency were determined. The results showed that the predicted deposition of pyrethrin aerosol increased with increasing droplet size, largely due to inertial and gravitational effects. Deposition efficiencies decreased with the higher flow rate—with 0.1% to 96.6% predicted deposition efficiencies for the low flow rate and 0.1% to 93.8% for the high flow rate. Results of this study can be used to improve aerosol application methods for stored product insect control. Keywords: Aerosol deposition, Aerosol insecticide, Computational fluid dynamics, Confused flour beetle, Deposition efficiency, Discrete phase model, Numerical simulation, Particle tracking, Pyrethrins, Stored product insect.
Comparison of vinculin tension in cellular monolayers and three-dimensional multicellular aggregates
Authors: Hu Luni , Cohen Rick I. , Barroso Margarida , Boustany Nada N.
Published: August 2024

Confocal frequency-domain fluorescence lifetime and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells expressing the vinculin tension sensor (VinTS) is used to compare vinculin tension in three-dimensional (3D) multicellular aggregates and 2D cellular monolayers. In both 2D and 3D cultures, the FRET efficiency of VinTS is 5-6% lower than that of VinTL (p < 0.05), a tail-less control which cannot bind actin or paxillin. The difference between VinTS and VinTL FRET efficiency can be mitigated by treatment with the Rho-associated kinase inhibitor Y-27632, demonstrating that VinTS is under tension in both 2D and 3D cultures. However, there is an overall decrease in FRET efficiency of both VinTS and VinTL in the 3D multicellular aggregates compared with the 2D monolayers. Expression of VinTS in 2D and 3D cultures exhibits puncta consistent with cellular adhesions. While paxillin is present at the sites of VinTS expression in the 2D monolayers, it is generally absent from VinTS puncta in the 3D aggregates. The results suggest that VinTS experiences a modified environment in 3D aggregates compared with 2D monolayers and provide a basis for further investigation of molecular tension sensors in 3D tissue models.
Deep learning based on the loss metric for inverse design of photonic resonators
Authors: You Hao , Du Liuge , Xu Xiao , Sun Chonglei , Zhao Jia
Published: August 2024

We have proposed and implemented what we believe to be a novel metric for providing a more effective similarity evaluation to the deep learning algorithms used for the inverse design of resonant photonic devices. The conventional loss functions, such as mean square error (MSE) and mean absolute error (MAE), are incapable of recognizing the characteristics of resonances accurately. Therefore, we have calculated the time domain complex vectors through the Fourier transform (FT) of the original desired spectra, and the complex results containing amplitude and phase could distinguish the resonances more significantly. Our new loss metric considers both the spectral MSE and the time domain vector error (TVE), and test results demonstrate that this new technique could realize a more effective resonance line shape match and a lower test error compared to the existing loss evaluation methods.