bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the change of organic matter along the Processes of Drinking Water Plant
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Wang Ruhua
Published: October 2019

According to contaminated raw water and drinking water purification processes, volatile/semi-volatile organic compounds in water are determined by GC-MS. The changes of the organic along the process and water quality from unsafe to safe process were revealed. The results show that there are odorous substances such as heptanal in raw water, which are not detected after the filtration. The composition of volatile organic compounds changes a lot after the ozone activated carbon process, thus anthropogenic pollutants are no longer detected such as 5-ethyl-5-(3-hydroxy isopentyl)-barbituric acid. However, biological metabolites that are not present in raw water such as cedrenol appear. Except disinfection by-products after disinfection, there are a variety of halogenated compounds as 1-1-dichlorocyclobutane and 1-chloro-3, 3-dimethyl-butane. Some hydrocarbons and alcohols in the finished water have little impact on drinking water safety.
Review of Hydrogen Standards for China
Authors: Yang Yanmei , Wang Geng , Zhang Sinan , Zhang Lan , Lin Ling
Published: October 2019

Standards are essential to establish a market-receptive and safe environment for commercial hydrogen equipment and systems. A review of ISO, IEC and Chinese national hydrogen standards is presented in this paper. China has a larger number of hydrogen national standards than ISO and IEC, involving terminology, hydrogen fuel quality, hydrogen safety, construction, production and purification, storage, transportation and fuelling, applications, and testing. ISO hydrogen standards are mainly specialized in hydrogen fuel quality, safety, production, hydrogen fuelling station, and testing. IEC hydrogen standards are mainly specialized in fuel cell safety, applications and testing. Hydrogen standard system is now imbalanced and insufficient for China. We should pay much more attention on drafting standards for hydrogen production, storage, transportation and fuelling.
Evaluation of volcanic gas reservoir in Yingcheng formation of Block Shengshen2-1 of Northern Part of Songliao Basin
Authors: Zhou Yue , Wu Haibo
Published: October 2019

According to the thin sections of volcanic rocks, chemical composition analysis and log interpretation, and well data, it is determined that the volcanic rocks of Yingcheng Formation in Shengshen 2-1 block are mainly intermediate-acid volcanic lava and pyroclastic rocks. Through physical analysis of core samples, it is considered that Shengshen 2-1 block belongs to low-porosity and low-permeability reservoir. Microfracture-fracture is relatively developed in the compact section, and fracture is not developed in the porous section. Microfracture and reticular fracture can be seen in the thin section. Statistical analysis of porosity and density of volcanic reservoir shows that volcanic rock density below 2.53 can be used as reservoir. According to the relationship between reservoir space and gas content, the characteristics of volcanic lithology, lithofacies and reservoir space, the reservoir in this block can be divided into four types.
Analysis on the Declining Subsidy of Chinese Distributed Photovoltaic
Authors: Yang Changhui , Shang Jingjing
Published: October 2019

China’s distributed PV subsidy policy has been constantly adjusted, and it is expected to be reduced to zero by 2020. This paper measures the different unit electricity subsidies needed of PV under five solar resource regions in the next three years based on the average yield rate of distributed PV and the declining photovoltaic equipment cost due to constant R&D input and increasingly increased installed capacity. Studies show that the better the solar resource is, the lower the subsidy for unit electricity will be, and subsidies will constantly decline as equipment cost declines. It is expected that zero-subsidy policy will be realized for Zone I, Zone II and Zone III after 2020, but government subsidies are still needed in Zones IV and V. This paper continues to study the V area and calculates that when the equipment cost drops by an average rate of 11% per year, the unit electricity subsidy decreases by an average of 26% per year. Finally, it is proposed that in order to continue to promote the development of China’s distributed photovoltaic and enhance investors’ confidence, government should gradually and carefully implement the zero-subsidy policy according to the changes in equipment cost and local resource endowments.
Research on Prevention and mitigation of Deep Mine Hazards in Ningzheng Mining Area
Authors: Yu Lan , Yang Rili , Zheng Chao , Li Shuang
Published: October 2019

Ningzheng Mining Area, as one of the key mining areas of Longdong Energy Base in Gansu Province, whose average overburden depth of coal seams is more than 800 meters and average thickness of coal seams ranges from 8m to 14m. This paper analyzed the typical characteristics of water damage, heat damage, high mine pressure and gas disaster in Ningzheng mining area. Disaster prevention measures and two resource utilization prevention technologies (namely EMS cooling technology, Gas power generation and cogeneration system cooling technology) were put forward, the rearch has a realistic significance for the safety exploitation, comprehensive utilization of deep coal resources in China, energy conservation and emission reduction and development of circular economy.
Analysis of spatial and temporal changes of soil erosion in Anning river basin
Authors: Yao Kun , Chen Jian-Bin , Yang Yong-Sheng , Zhang Yong , Liao Cheng-Hao
Published: October 2019

Anning River basin as an important soil erosion monitoring and reserve in Sichuan Province. It is of great significance to grasp the temporal and spatial changes of soil erosion in this area in time to realize the comprehensive treatment of regional soil erosion. Based on the revision of the general soil erosion equation (RUSLE), the present situation of soil erosion erosion in 1995-2015 years in this area was monitored, and the classification was completed according to the national grading criteria, and the following results were mainly achieved:(1) Soil erosion in Anning river basin as a whole presents a low gradient change in the eastern High West.(2) The proportion of raster in soil erosion area of each grade also showed different structural differences, which showed that the degree of micro > Mild > Moderate > Strong > Extremely > severe, and the proportion of raster in mild and below intensity erosion area reached more than 80%, and the whole basin was at mildly below erosion level.(3) One-dimensional linear regression analysis shows, within 20 years, about 90% of the raster cell slope in this area is negative, the overall change trend of soil erosion in this area shows a significant improvement
Dynamic monitoring and analysis of alien invasive land plants in autumn and winter in Qionghai Lake
Authors: Bai Lin , Yao Kun , Yang Yiying , Li Jiaying , Zhao Qun
Published: October 2019

Qionghai Lake is the second largest freshwater lake in Sichuan Province. Invasive plants have damaged the ecological balance of Qionghai Lake. Regular investigation and monitoring of invasive alien plants in Qionghai Lake in autumn and winter. Study structural changes and trend changes. Mapping dynamic monitoring of the distribution of invasive plants. Upon investigation, a wide range of invasive plants with a large rits are Eupatorium Adenophorum, Lantana camara, Bidens alba(L.) DC, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Pharbitis purpurea(L.) Voisgt and Oxalis corniculata L. The introduction of the Tagetes erecta L as Ornamental plants, the proliferation occurred because of mismanagement. The number of Mirabilis jalapa L. is very small. Analysis of the way of invasive alien plants into the Qionghai Sea and the measures of prevention and control.
Practice of Zero Discharge Project for Desulfurization Wastewater of 1000MW Coal-fired Unit
Authors: Wang Renlei , Yu Jiang , Guo Bowen , Lan Yonglong
Published: October 2019

The technological process, technical parameters, operation cost and effect of zero discharge project for desulphurization wastewater of 1000MW coal-fired unit in East China are analyzed. The project mainly adopts the process of softening pretreatment, membrane concentration and evaporation crystallization, the direct cost of per ton water treatment is about ￥35.3, and the final product is high purity industrial salt. This technology fully realize the zero discharge requirement of desulphurization wastewater, and has good envir(can )tal and economic benefits.
Review of heavy metal pollution by mining
Authors: Yi Qin , Huang Cheng
Published: October 2019

Heavy metal pollution in soil is an unavoidable problem along with mining activities. This paper has reviewed the current research status of heavy metal pollution in mine soils in five aspects. They are evaluation methods of heavy metal pollution, migration activities of heavy metals in soil, migration mechanism, spatial distribution model and development trend of mine pollution research.
Application Research of PSO-LSSVM in Carbon Emission Prediction in Hebei Province
Authors: Sun Wei , Liu Xuyang
Published: October 2019

This paper firstly introduces the background and significance of carbon emission prediction in Hebei Province, then collects the data and uses the PSO-LSSVM prediction model to train and predict the data collected through MATLAB software, finally obtains the prediction results. The results show that the prediction of PSO-LSSVM are accurate, and it can be used to predict carbon emissions in Hebei Province, Providing a new solution to the carbon emission forecasting of Hebei Province.
Overview of nuclear waste treatment and management
Authors: Liu Jianquan , Dai Wentai
Published: October 2019

Nuclear energy is an efficient energy source. Nuclear fuel has the advantages of high energy density and convenient transportation and storage. After decades of tortuous development, nuclear energy has been well utilized in many ways, especially in the field of nuclear power generation. However, as the number of nuclear power plants continues to increase, the problem of nuclear waste disposal is becoming more and more serious. Nuclear waste disposal is a complex process. For nuclear waste treatment, people initially only temporarily deposit these nuclear wastes or dump them directly. However, as people’s awareness of nuclear waste increases, and the huge potential threat of nuclear waste is known, it is necessary to analyze the current characteristics of nuclear waste and its pollution status in order to find a better nuclear waste treatment and management method.
Comparison And Analysis Of Air Quality In Major Cities Of Environmental Protection
Authors: Chen Yunpeng , Jiang Ling , Shi Hui
Published: October 2019

As one of the most important environmental problems, air quality has always been highly valued by the government and society. The analysis of air quality in key cities can provide a basis for how to evaluate air quality and how to classify air quality levels and from what aspects it is helpful to improve air quality. The air quality of 51 key cities of environmental protection in China is analyzed and evaluated by selecting 7 indicators of air quality as the original variables. Cluster analysis was used to classify the key environmental protection cities preliminarily, and it was found that the air quality of the cities with fast development level was relatively poor, and the air quality of coastal cities was similar. It is found that the air quality of northern cities is generally worse than that of southern cities, and that of inland cities is generally worse than that of coastal cities. At last, according to the research results, some reasonable conclusions and suggestions are given.
MoMo: a new empirical model of the Mars ionospheric total electron content based on Mars Express MARSIS data
Authors: Bergeot Nicolas , Witasse Olivier , Le Maistre Sébastien , Blelly Pierre-Louis , Kofman Wlodek , Peter Kerstin , Dehant Véronique , Chevalier Jean-Marie
Published: October 2019

Aims: Several scientific landers and rovers have reached the Martian surface since the 1970s. Communication between the asset (i.e., lander or rover) and Mars orbiters or Earth antennas uses radio signals in UHF to X-band frequencies passing through the Mars’ ionosphere. It is consequently necessary to take into account electron density variation in the Mars’ ionosphere to correct the refraction of the signal transmitted. Methods: We developed a new empirical model of the Mars’ ionosphere called MoMo. It is based on the large database of Total Electron Content (TEC) derived from the subsurface mode of the Mars Express MARSIS radar. The model provides vertical TEC as a function of solar zenith angle, solar activity, solar longitude and location. For validation, the model is compared with Mars Express radio occultation data as well as with the numerical model IPIM (IRAP Plasmasphere-Ionosphere Model). Results: We discussed the output of the model in terms of climatology behaviour of the Mars’ ionosphere. The output of MoMo is then uses to quantify the impact of the Martian ionosphere for radio-science experiments. From our results, the effect is of the order of 10−3 mm s−1 in Doppler observables especially around sunrise and sunset. Consequently, this new model could be used to support the data analysis of any radio-science experiment and especially for present InSight RISE and futur ExoMars LARA instruments aiming at better understand the deep-interior of Mars.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Candidemia in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Bassetti Matteo , Giacobbe Daniele R. , Vena Antonio , Wolff Michel
Published: October 2019

Candidemia is the fourth most frequent health care-associated bloodstream infection, and the most frequent severe fungal infection developing in critically ill patients in intensive care units (ICUs). Diagnosis of candidemia in ICU patients is a complex task made of both early and late assessments involving both conventional diagnostic methods and novel rapid tests. Management strategies to optimize treatment of candidemia can be challenging and include starting early adequate therapy, use of an adequate dose and duration of therapy, de-escalating treatment whenever possible, and early discontinuation of useless antifungals in those with no definitive diagnosis of fungal infection. Herein, we will discuss recent epidemiological data on candidemia in ICUs and current diagnostic techniques before concentrating on antifungal treatments.
A Practical Approach to Clinical Antibiotic Stewardship in the ICU Patient with Severe Infection
Authors: Fierens Jan , Depuydt Pieter O. , De Waele Jan J.
Published: October 2019

Patients with severe infections are often treated with multiple courses of antibiotics in the intensive care unit (ICU), making the ICU a true antibiotic hotspot. The increasing incidence of multidrug resistance worldwide emphasizes the need for continued efforts in developing and implementing antibiotic stewardship programs. Using a pragmatic approach for the bedside clinical team, this review will highlight different key moments for antibiotic decision making throughout the course of the antibiotic treatment in patients with severe infections. We will focus especially on the importance of adequate empirical therapy, source control in infections, assessment of immune status, and two separate antibiotic time-out moments early in the course, as well as the moment of stopping antibiotics. Additionally, the importance of a team-based approach and clinical decision support systems will be highlighted.
Prevention of Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Klompas Michael
Published: October 2019

Intensive care unit (ICU) acquired pneumonia is one of the most common and morbid health care-associated infections. Despite decades of work developing and testing prevention strategies, ICU-acquired pneumonia remains stubbornly pervasive. Pneumonia prevention studies are difficult to interpret because all are at risk of bias due to the subjectivity and poor specificity of pneumonia definitions. Interventions associated with improvements in objective outcomes in addition to pneumonia, such as length of stay or mortality, should therefore be prioritized. Avoiding intubation, minimizing sedation, implementing early extubation strategies, and mobilizing patients do appear to improve some of these objective outcomes. Many of our other assumptions about how best to prevent ICU-acquired pneumonia, however, have recently been challenged. Elevating the head of the bed is supported by very little randomized trial data. Early reports suggested that subglottic secretion drainage may decrease time to extubation and ICU length of stay, but more recent analyses refute these findings. Novel endotracheal tube cuff designs do not clearly lower pneumonia rates. A large randomized trial of selective digestive decontamination in ICUs with high baseline rates of antimicrobial resistance did not identify any benefit. Oral care with chlorhexidine may increase mortality risk and stress ulcer prophylaxis may facilitate pneumonia. Early data on probiotics suggest a possible effect but there is no clear signal yet that they shorten duration of mechanical ventilation or lower mortality. Ventilator bundles on balance do appear to be beneficial but it is not clear which components are most important nor how best to implement them. This article will review recent studies that have challenged, refined, or complicated our understanding of how best to prevent ICU-acquired pneumonia.
Biomarkers of Infection: Are They Useful in the ICU?
Authors: Heilmann Eva , Gregoriano Claudia , Schuetz Philipp
Published: October 2019

Biomarkers are increasingly used in patients with serious infections in the critical care setting to complement clinical judgment and interpretation of other diagnostic and prognostic tests. The main purposes of such blood markers are (1) to improve infection diagnosis (i.e., differentiation between bacterial vs. viral vs. fungal vs. noninfectious), (2) to help in the early risk stratification and thus provide prognostic information regarding the risk for mortality and other adverse outcomes, and (3) to optimize antibiotic tailoring to individual needs of patients (“antibiotic stewardship”).

Especially in critically ill patients, in whom sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, rapid diagnosis is desirable to start timely and specific treatment.

Besides some biomarkers, such as procalcitonin, which is well established and has shown positive effects in regard to utilization of antimicrobials and clinical outcomes, there is a growing number of novel markers from different pathophysiological pathways, where the final proof of an added value to clinical judgment and ultimately clinical benefit to patients is still lacking.

Without a doubt, the addition of blood biomarkers to clinical medicine has had a strong impact on the way we care for patients today. Recent trials show that as an adjunct to other clinical and laboratory parameters these markers provide important information about risks for bacterial infection and resolution of infection. Moreover, biomarkers can help to optimize management of patients with serious illness in the intensive care unit, thereby offering more individualized treatment courses with overall improvements in clinical outcomes.
Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Nonimmunocompromised Hosts
Authors: Tudesq Jean-Jacques , Peyrony Olivier , Lemiale Virginie , Azoulay Elie
Published: October 2019

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a fungal infection that is the hallmark of severe cellular or complex immune alterations. Evidence that IPA can occur in nonimmunocompromised hosts is increasing. Actually, up to 1% of general intensive care unit (ICU) patients present positive samples with Aspergillus spp. Both colonization and invasive disease are associated with poor outcome. Unexpected IPA has also been reported in approximately 1% of critically ill patients who underwent postmortem biopsies. In nonimmunocompromised patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), IPA prevalence can reach up to 15% of patients in both clinical and autopsy studies. Factors associated with IPA in nonimmunocompromised critically ill hosts include short and long courses of steroids, broad antibiotic therapy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ARDS, liver failure, and the severity of organ dysfunctions.

This review aims to appraise the prevalence of IPA in nonimmunocompromised hosts, address diagnostic challenges, and outcomes.
Imaginaries as infrastructures? The emergence of non-invasive prenatal testing in Austria
Authors: Metzler Ingrid
Published: October 2019

Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is a new technology used in prenatal testing (PT) that capitalizes on genomic platforms to transform DNA fragments in the blood of pregnant women into information about the genome of a foetus. Since its market introduction in 2011, it has travelled around the globe with remarkable speed. This article engages with the emergence of NIPT in and around Vienna, the capital city of Austria, to explore why and how this technology could travel so quickly in practice. Based on a qualitative analysis of interviews, documents, and field notes, it argues, first, that NIPT could travel so quickly because it travelled as ‘adaptable boxes’ that added on to different ‘local worlds of prenatal testing (PT)’, without disrupting them. Second, in so doing, NIPT could travel on a moral and material ground, or an ‘imaginary of PT’, built in the past. Third, the article argues that elements of this imaginary were also mobilized by commercial pioneers of NIPT, who ‘infrastructurized’ extant values, practices, and networks among biomedical professionals. Thus, various actors converged in mobilizing moral and material elements of an imaginary, transforming them into an infrastructure that facilitated the travels of NIPT, while also shaping its use.
Simulation of the temperature distribution and solidified bead in single-pass selective laser melting using a mesh-free method
Authors: Liu Shibai , Liu Jichang , Qi Lijun , Chen Jinxuan
Published: October 2019

The distribution of temperature and the formation of a solidified bead have considerable influence on single-pass selective laser melting (SLM). In this study, a transient three-dimensional numerical model is developed to simulate the evolution of the temperature field and the solidified bead by using smoothed-particle hydrodynamics, and the influences of processing parameters such as laser power, scanning speed, porosity, and thickness of the powder layer are studied and analyzed. The results show that the solidified bead forms as the powder material melts, and its shape changes from initially planar to a semicylindrical track because of the influence of the surface tension in the scanning process. Meanwhile, there is a discontinuous temperature distribution between the unmelted powder layer and the substrate material. Both the temperature distribution and the solidified bead deformation increase in the SLM process with the increase of the laser power and the porosity of the powder layer, but they both are apt to decrease with the increase of the scanning speed and the thickness of the powder layer. Experiments into the deformation distribution of the solidified bead and the dimensions of the molten pool are carried out under the same processing parameters, and the results are largely consistent with those from the simulation.
LV-DIB-s4PT: A new tool for astrochemistry
Authors: Campbell E. K. , Dunk P. W.
Published: October 2019

The combination of a 3 K cryogenic radiofrequency ion trapping apparatus and a laser vaporization source is described. This instrument was constructed for the synthesis and characterization of gas phase molecules, particularly those that are difficult to make using traditional organic chemistry routes. The flexible time scale for storage and relaxation afforded by the trap enables spectroscopic investigation of ions that are challenging to cool using supersonic expansions. Routine in situ tagging of cations with helium facilitates one-photon experiments. The potential of this instrument is demonstrated by providing data on the 2B2 ← X 2A1 electronic transition of cyclic C6+, a system that had thus far evaded spectroscopic interrogation in the gas phase.
Laser heating setup for diamond anvil cells for in situ synchrotron and in house high and ultra-high pressure studies
Authors: Fedotenko T. , Dubrovinsky L. , Aprilis G. , Koemets E. , Snigirev A. , Snigireva I. , Barannikov A. , Ershov P. , Cova F. , Hanfland M. , Dubrovinskaia N.
Published: October 2019

The diamond anvil cell (DAC) technique combined with laser heating is one of the major methods for studying materials at high pressure and high temperature conditions. In this work, we present a transferable double-sided laser heating setup for DACs with in situ temperature determination. The setup allows precise heating of samples inside a DAC at pressures above 200 GPa and could be combined with synchrotron beamline equipment. It can be applied to X-ray diffraction and X-ray transmission microscopy experiments. In the setup, we use high-magnification and low working distance infinity corrected laser focusing objectives that enable us to decrease the size of the laser beam to less than 5 µm and achieve the maximum optical magnification of 320 times. All optical components of the setup were chosen to minimize chromatic and spatial aberrations for accurate in situ temperature determination by multiwavelength spectroscopy in the 570–830 nm spectral range. Flexible design of our setup allows simple interchange of laser sources and focusing optics for application in different types of studies. The setup was successfully tested in house and at the high-pressure diffraction beamline ID15B at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. We demonstrate an example of application of the setup for the high pressure–high temperature powder diffraction study of PdH and X-ray transmission microscopy of platinum at 22(1) GPa as a novel method of melting detection in DACs.
A method for fast and robustly measuring the state of polarization of arbitrary light beams based on Pancharatnam-Berry phase
Authors: Qi Shuxia , Liu Sheng , Li Peng , Han Lei , Zhong Jinzhan , Wei Bingyan , Cheng Huachao , Guo Xuyue , Zhao Jianlin
Published: October 2019

We present a newly improved approach for fast measuring the state of polarization (SOP) of arbitrary beams based on the Pancharatnam-Berry phase theory. Only a single exposure of the hologram, which is formed by the interference of a reference beam and the two separated orthogonal circular components of object beam, is needed. By numerically reconstructing the complex amplitudes from the hologram, the SOP of the object beam can be further calculated out. Moreover, this method eliminates the influence of the variation of intensity distribution and polarization of the reference beam, which makes it easy for the interference adjustment and more robust. The quantitative measurements are experimentally performed to prove the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed method. The measurement system has potential applications in measuring dynamic nonuniform polarization transformations of elements or systems in real time.
Elastic properties of few unit cell thick superconducting crystals of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ
Authors: Sahu Sudhir Kumar , Jangade Digambar , Thamizhavel Arumugam , Deshmukh Mandar M. , Singh Vibhor
Published: October 2019

We present systematic measurements of the mechanical properties of few unit cell (UC) thick exfoliated crystals of a high-Tc cuprate superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ. We determine the elastic properties of these crystals by deformation using an atomic force microscope at room temperature. With the spatial measurements of local compliance and their detailed modeling, we independently determine the Young's modulus of rigidity and the prestress. The Young's modulus of rigidity is found to be in the range of 22 GPa–30 GPa for flakes with a thickness from ∼5 UC to 18 UC. The prestress spreads over the range of 5 MPa–46 MPa, indicating a run-to-run variation during the exfoliation process. The determination of Young's modulus of rigidity for thin flakes is further verified from the recently reported buckling technique.
Engaging with Aboriginal Shire Councils in remote Cape York communities to address smoke-free environments
Authors: Cuthbert Kiarah E. , Brown Clare , Hammond Melinda , Williams Tiffany A. , Tayley Desmond , Deemal-Hall Eileen , Thomas David P.
Published: October 2019

The high prevalence and health effect of tobacco smoking and secondhand smoke exposure among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people is well known. Due to its significance, the responsibility of tackling smoking among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people should not remain solely with health service providers. The creation of supportive environments and collaboration beyond the health sector are critical elements of comprehensive primary health care practised by Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services. This paper discusses how Apunipima Cape York Health Council worked with three Aboriginal Shire Councils to create more smoke-free places, using local working groups, information sessions and community-based health promotion. The flexibility and the time allocated to the engagement process with councils, community leaders, organisations and community members were important. All three communities acknowledged the benefits of role modelling and working together to improve health, with addressing tobacco smoking seen as ‘everyone’s business’ and ‘not just service providers’. Aboriginal Shire Councils can play a critical role, in partnership with Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services, in creating healthy places that enable healthy choices.
A benchtop system to assess the feasibility of a fully independent
and implantable brain-machine interface
Authors: Wang Po T , Camacho Everardo , Wang Ming , Li Yongcheng , Shaw Susan J , Armacost Michelle , Gong Hui , Kramer Daniel , Lee Brian , Andersen Richard A , Liu Charles Y , Heydari Payam , Nenadic Zoran , Do An H
Published: October 2019

Objective. State-of-the-art invasive brain-machine interfaces
(BMIs) have shown significant promise, but rely on external electronics and
wired connections between the brain and these external components. This
configuration presents health risks and limits practical use. These limitations
can be addressed by designing a fully implantable BMI similar to existing
FDA-approved implantable devices. Here, a prototype BMI system whose size and
power consumption are comparable to those of fully implantable medical devices
was designed and implemented, and its performance was tested at the benchtop and
bedside. Approach. A prototype of a fully implantable BMI
system was designed and implemented as a miniaturized embedded system. This
benchtop analogue was tested in its ability to acquire signals, train a decoder,
perform online decoding, wirelessly control external devices, and operate
independently on battery. Furthermore, performance metrics such as power
consumption were benchmarked. Main results. An analogue of a
fully implantable BMI was fabricated with a miniaturized form factor. A patient
undergoing epilepsy surgery evaluation with an electrocorticogram (ECoG) grid
implanted over the primary motor cortex was recruited to operate the system.
Seven online runs were performed with an average binary state decoding accuracy
of 87.0% (lag optimized, or 85.0% at fixed latency). The system was powered by a
wirelessly rechargeable battery, consumed  ∼150 mW, and
operated for  >60 h on a single battery cycle.
Significance. The BMI analogue achieved immediate and
accurate decoding of ECoG signals underlying hand movements. A wirelessly
rechargeable battery and other supporting functions allowed the system to
function independently. In addition to the small footprint and acceptable power
and heat dissipation, these results suggest that fully implantable BMI systems
are feasible.
Analysis of Energy Consumption in Rubber Cultivation in Malaysia: A Case Study
Authors: Zulekipli H A , Pebrian D E
Published: October 2019

Efficient energy use in rubber cultivation is one of the important strategies that can facilitate the sustainability and competitiveness of this crop as one of the main contributors in Malaysian economy from agricultural sector. Therefore, a case study was conducted to analyze the efficiency energy in Malaysian rubber cultivation. Data and other relevant information were gathered through a combination of oral interviews and field observations at rubber plantations located in the Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia Mini Station (RRIMINIS), Jasin, Melaka and Lakai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Mathematical calculations and computer spreadsheet were used to analyze the collected data. The findings showed that the rubber cultivation in the study areas consumed 16080.86 MJ/ha of energy. The largest amount of this energy, which accounts for 65.93% was consumed by fertilizing operation, followed by planting, weeding, collecting latex, land preparation, spraying hormones, tapping and pruning with share of 15.92%, 9.66%, 4.03%, 3.93%, 0.44%, 0.06%, and 0.04%, respectively. Energy output/inputs ratio in the rubber cultivation was 0.83. Decisively, the energy inputs used in the rubber plantations were less effective since the energy output/inputs ratio is lower than 1. Thus, energy saving-technologies and techniques are highly recommended to be introduced in rubber cultivation in Malaysia in order to achieve sustainability of economics and productivity of rubber planting industry in the country.
Mapping of Irrigation Service Capacity by Remote Sensing in Batang Tampo Irrigation System-Lintau Buo
Authors: Asmuti A
Published: October 2019

Batang Tampo Irrigation System (DI Tampo) area 1,437 ha, has 65 irrigation service are in Sub Basin Batang Tampo. Main river in Sub Basin is 25 km and a part of Sub Basin Kuantan-Inderagiri. This area lied on hilly terrain 350-2262 m above sea level. Normaly, cropping intensity of rice farms is 2 to 2,5. But in dry period in downstream area it has 1 or failed because of water stress or dried. Even The rainfield area is not planted in the period of dry season. The area of rice field along the river or irrigation system show that it has better cropping intensity. It should have to know how is irrigation service capacity of Batang Tampo Irrigation System. Technology of Remote Sensing it can be used to evaluate of the capacity of irrigation sevice by using of information data satelite, like Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for topografi data, image, land level and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and rain (Herdianto dkk., 2010). This data usely combine with Geographic Information System (GIS) for spacial information data. This study aims to map the ability of DI Tampo service by utilizing remote sensing technology with a vegetation index as its main parameter, upstream - downstream variations, variations otf the position rice farms land level (Hilly or Valley) or terrain land level, and distance of rice fields from irrigation water sources. The method to identification of the capacity irrigation service is EVI by remote sensing and survey by the farmers to verivication data. Hydrology data is collected by the authority. Rice field area is identified by GIS and topography data by DEM. EVI value, which is a representation of photosynthetic activity and canopy density of paddy cropped or cropping intensity on paddy field each year. Average EVI data is collect for five years (2012 – 2017, excepted 2015). The result of this research shows: Irrigation service capacity influences by the topography of rice farms, mainly in the upstream. In upstream, some area of rice field was not cropped of paddy (different crop) because of water scarsity and different land level of rice farm (Hilly and river). In the downstream Irrigation service capacity influences by the distance of paddy field from the water resource.
Pyrolysis and Characterization of Liquid Smoke from Cacao Pod Husks
Authors: Putri R E , Kasim A , Emriadi  , Asben A
Published: October 2019

Cacao pod husks were treated by the pyrolysis process to produce liquid smoke. Cacao pod husks can be utilized to produced their useful chemicals by pyrolysis. The reactor of pyrolysis used is made from cylindrical stell reactor with a small capacity, rust resistant and portable. A sample was pyrolyzed for 5 hours. The parameters measured to determine the quality of liquid smoke are the yield of pyrolysis products, pH, the concentration of acetic acid and phenol concentration. The quality of liquid smoke also tested by looking at the chemical components of liquid smoke by using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The pyrolysis process produced products in the form of liquid smoke, charcoal, tar, and gas. The yield of pyrolysis products are 14.77; 40.43; 1.67; and 43.13%, respectively. Liquid smoke obtained has a pH of 3.2 levels, acetic acid 9.306 ppm, and phenol levels 1.688 ppm. GC-MS measurement result showed that methanol, acetic acid, and acetol are the highest concentration of chemical obtained in liquid smoke.
The Effects of Various Way of Processing Black Glutinous Rice (Oryza sativa L. Processing Var Glutinosa) on Digestibility and Energy Value of the Products
Authors: Rini  , Yenrina R , Anggraini T , Chania N E
Published: October 2019

The aim of this research is to study about the nutritional value, digestibility, and energy value from various ways of black glutinous rice processing. This research used explorative design using five processing methods and three replications. The results showed that the highest water content was found in boiled black glutinous rice (75.61%), the highest ash content in roasted black glutinous rice (1.19%), the highest fat content in puffing black glutinous rice (10.51%), the highest protein content in puffingblack glutinous rice (11.09%), the highest starch digestibility in roasted black glutinous rice (80.12%), the highest amylose content and the lowest amylopectin in roastedblack glutinous rice (10.32% and 89,67% respectively), the highest starch digestibility in puffingblack glutinous rice(75.61%), the highest antioxidant activity in raw black glutinous rice (60.75%), and the highest energy content (408 kcal) in puffing black glutinous rice.
The Effect of Fish Type and Variety on Growth and Results Through the Application of Minapadi-SRI
Authors: Rozen N , Anwar A , Kristina N
Published: October 2019

National food security must be maintained because the food need of the Indonesian population in the next few years will still continue to increase. Since there is no food diversification for their staple food, rice role will still dominate. More over, the conversion of irrigated rice fields functions is also increasing. This reality must be addressed with policies and the application of efficient lowland rice production technology so that it is still able to meet national food needs while the income of wetland rice farmers increase. This study, combined an experimental production technology and descriptive methods on the farmer income aspect institutional strengthening. The aim of the research is to increase the added value of irrigated rice fields, which area is believed to be increasingly shrinking, while on the other side still produce rice as the main national food and also produce the addition of animal food in the form of fish coulde. Data obtained in the previous study showed that combination of water dept of a 10 cm with 50 cm width is the best treatment for the development of rice and fish togethere. This treatment is used as well as basis for testing the MINAPADI-SRI pattern with more varieties and types of fish, which is expected to obtaine more practical and profitable combinations. The research was conducted in the Split plot design where fish species (Tawes, Mas, and Nila) as the main plot and the rice varieties (PB42, Batang Piaman, and Beras Merah) as sub plot. The results showed that the PB42 gave higher yield compared to two the other varieties where tilapia and goldfish were which maintained in the technically irrigated rice fields.
Nutrients Dynamics in Peat Soil: Influence of Fluctuating Water Table
Authors: Kassim N Q B , Yaacob A
Published: October 2019

This study assesses the dynamics of nutrients in peat soil under fluctuating water table using designated soil columns. Results showed that the concentration of total N and mineral-N (NO3–N and NH4+-N) were maximized when the water table was maintained at 40 cm. When the water table was fluctuated between 0-40 cm depth (representing the water table during wet season), soil available P reached its highest concentration in the soil. The fluctuation of water table between 40 - 80 cm depth (representing the water table during dry season) allows the gradual release of exchangeable K, Ca, Mg and Na. The study indicated that the fluctuating water table affects the different nutrients differently.
Percentage Value of Membrane Integrity and Acrosome Integrity Spermatozoa in Simmental Liquid Semen with Addition Penicillin and Sweet Orange Essential Oil
Authors: Sitepu S A , Marisa J
Published: October 2019

Growth of bacteria in the Simmental liquid semen is is the cause of the quality of liquid cement to be bad. The addition of antibiotics has been done to inhibit the growth of bacteria in the liquid semen. One of antibiotic that often used is penicillin. The addition of sweet orange essential oil is expected to further suppress the growth of bacteria because it contains antibacterial. The research objective was to determine the value of the percentage Membrane Integrity and Acrosome Integrity on Simmental liquid semen with the addition penicillin and sweet orange essential oil. The method used was experimental using Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatments and 5 replications. The treatment was addition 0%, 0,25%; 0.5%; 0.75% and 1% sweet orange essential oil on tris yolk and penicillin extender. The results showed that addition sweet orange essential oil and tris yolk and penicillin extender resulted the best percentage value of the Membrane Integrity and Acrosome Integrity in Simmental liquid semen was the addition of sweet orange essential oil 1%.
Facile Synthesis of Carboxylated Activated Carbon Using Green Approach for Water Treatment
Authors: Mahardiani L , Saputro S , Baskoro F , Zinki N M , Taufiq M
Published: October 2019

A chemical treatment by using oxidizing agents is the most common methodology to modify or create functional groups on activated carbon. The modified activated carbon obtained from chemical oxidation needs further treatment and produced waste, therefore a new approach is needed. A facile green approach is reported. In this approach the activated carbon was oxidized using air without additional chemical treatment to increase the content of acidic surface functional groups, especially carboxyl groups. The formation of carboxyl groups was confirmed by Temperature Programmed Decomposition, Boehm titration, and Infra-red spectroscopy results. The Boehm titration result showed higher contents of carboxyl groups by three-fold. The carboxylated activated carbon synthesized by green approach showed excellent performance for water treatment.
Synthesis and characterization of hematite (α-Fe2O3) from lathe waste using co-precipitation -calcination method
Authors: Khoiroh L M , Al-Chabib M N , Prasetyo A
Published: October 2019

Lathe waste contains high iron, therefore it has the potential to be a precursor in hematite (α-Fe2O3) synthesis. In this work, hematite was synthesized from lathe waste using the co-precipitation-calcination method with variation time of calcination: 1, 2, 3, 4 hours. The X-Ray diffraction data showed that the goethite (α-FeOOH) phase was obtained at precipitation stage then transformed to hematite (α-Fe2O3) phase after calcination and there is no impurities. The image of scanning electron microscopy showed that the distribution of particle size was not uniform. The color parameter showed that the highest chroma was achieved for 3 hours calcination.
Synthesis and characterization of chitosan-pectin as adsorbent of dyes
Authors: Hastuti B , Hadi S , Afifah S N , Mulyani B
Published: October 2019

Environmental pollution due to the disposal of colored substances can endanger both the environment and humans. For this reason, the presence of dyes pollutants needs to be reduced, where adsorption method has become one of the alternative. Research on synthesis of modified chitosan to pectin polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) Chi-Pec has been carried out in order to improve the characteristic of chitosan as adsorbent. The research was done by mixing chitosan solution in acetic acid with pectin solution in water for 3 hours stirring. The solution was then printed out into a polypropylene container and dried. The formed membrane was characterized using FTIR to identify functional groups, XRD and SEM to analyze their physical characteristic. The results showed that the Chi-Pec adsorbent had stability and resistance to the acidic environment. Characterization results using FTIR showed that the adsorbent has functional group of amine, carboxyl and hydrogen. The results of XRD show that the adsorbent was not crystalline. Furthermore, SEM data shows a solid structure of the adsorbent.
Synthesis and Characterization Complex Nickel(II) with Diphenylamine
Authors: Rasyda Y A , Rahardjo S B , Nurdiyah F
Published: October 2019

Ni(NO3)2.6H2O and diphenylamine formed a complex compound in 1:6 mole ratio of metal to ligand in methanol. The forming of the complex was indicated by shifting of maximum wavelength in UV-Vis spectra. Analysis of the nickel percentage in the complex by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) showed an empirical formula of the complex was Ni(diphenylamine)4(NO3)2.6H2O. The conductivity measurement of the complex showed the charge ratio of cation and anion = 1:1. It meant that NO3
- was coordinated to the Ni2+ center ion and likewise as a counter ion. The formula of complex was approximated [Ni(diphenylamine)4(NO3)(H2O)](NO3).5H2O. Based on infrared spectra, it releaved diphenylamine as monodentate ligand which bind to nickel(II) through the secondary NH functional groups. Electronic spectra showed a transition peak at 25252 cm-1 and 13802 cm-1 which indicating octahedral geometry. The complex was paramagnetic with μeff= 2.99 BM.
Local Wood’s Bio-Oil Upgrading Using Non-sulfided (Co, Mo)/USY Catalyst
Authors: Nugrahaningtyas K D , Prasetyorini E
Published: October 2019

In this present study, the non-sulfided (Co, Mo)/USY has used as a catalyst on the hydrotreating and hydrocracking (HC) reactions for upgrading the quality of bio-oil. The bio-oils were obtained from sengon, coconut, meranti, and bangkirai woody biomass by pyrolysis method at a temperature of 300 °C and atmospheric pressure. Meanwhile, the hydrotreating and HC reactions were done with a flow reactor at 300 °C, under H2 gas flow (20 mL/min). The composition of bio-oil and upgrading bio-oil were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The resulted show that the main component of bio-oil is levoglucosan, while the main product of upgrading bio-oil is methyl format. Bio-oil with the highest yield obtained from meranti on the HC reaction that used Co-Mo/USY catalyst.
Textile Wastewater Treatment by Using Plasma Corona Discharge in a Continuous Flow System
Authors: Amrial M , Kusumandari K , Saraswati T E , Suselo Y H
Published: October 2019

This study aimed to figure out plasma corona discharge for textile wastewater degradation with continuous flow system. Plasma reactor using AC voltage of 11.5 kV and two stainless steel electrode which set up parallelly 4.0±0.5 mm above wastewater. Continuous flow system means the wastewater flowing continuously with flow rate of 60 ml/min. Characteristics of absorbance, pH, temperature, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Total Suspended Solid (TSS) and conductivity were measured before and after plasma treatment. Absorbance, pH and TSS value of wastewater were decrease after plasma treatment,. While the TDS, conductivity and the temperature were relatively increase. This result indicate better quality of wastewater.