bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of parasocial relationship in social media marketing: testing a model among baby boomers
Authors: Zhong Yunying , Shapoval Valeriya , Busser James
Published: June 2021

Purpose

This study aims to apply parasocial relationship theory to understand the hospitality brand-consumer relationship on social media. Aiming to examine brand-initiated mechanisms that drive relationship development, the study identified two sets of brand actions as antecedents, namely, content-related (utilitarian and hedonic benefits) and interaction-related factors (perceived interactivity and openness). This study also investigated the subsequent impacts of parasocial relationships on customer engagement behaviors and brand loyalty. As baby boomers are an important but understudied consumer cohort in social media marketing, this study empirically tested the proposed model for this specific group.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey was conducted electronically with baby boomer consumers from the USA. The partial least squares analysis was used to test the model validity for this consumer group.

Findings

The results of this study showed that content-related factors had significant effects on the parasocial relationship, which, in turn, significantly influenced customer engagement and brand loyalty.

Research limitations/implications

This study responds to the recent calls from scholars on developing and expanding a nomological network of parasocial relationships to understand consumer-brand relationships in social media. By focusing on baby boomers, this study adds unique insights on understanding online relationships and engagement, specifically for this cohort. Future studies should expand the study by examining other generations, platform differences or using longitudinal methods.

Practical implications

This study informs hospitality marketers in the development and implementation of a successful Facebook relationship building campaign targeting baby boomers.

Originality/value

According to the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study known to have developed a coherent parasocial relationship model that combined content-related benefits, interaction-related factors, online engagement and brand loyalty. It also represents one of the few to examine how hospitality brands can build a parasocial relationship with baby boomers, an important but cohort, on social media and provide actionable insights to hospitality marketers for this generation.
Perceived vulnerability of job loss and satisfaction with life in the hospitality sector in times of pandemic: a multi-mediational approach
Authors: Singh Nidhi , Bhatia Shikha , Nigam Shailendra
Published: June 2021

Purpose

The COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted business and viability of firms in the hospitality sector. This paper aims to examine the impact of perceived vulnerability of employees in this sector related to job loss and satisfaction with life. Additionally, it tests whether the impact is reduced for an individual possessing high emotional and financial well-being.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses cross-sectional data obtained through a survey of 312 hospitality sector employees. Using PLS-SEM, hypothesized relationships between constructs are tested.

Findings

Perceived vulnerability of job loss negatively impacts satisfaction with life; however, this negative impact gets significantly reduced in the presence of emotional and financial well-being.

Research limitations/implications

The results provide an impetus to focus on emotional and financial well-being to reduce employees’ vulnerabilities and improve their life satisfaction. In the absence of specific relief programs by the Government and with reduced business activity, employers need to look for innovative ways for ensuring their own sustenance and employee well-being.

Originality/value

This study is one of the initial works on examining how perceived vulnerability of job loss induced by the pandemic on hospitality sector employees’ impacts their satisfaction with life. It also makes a novel attempt to examine emotional well-being and financial well-being, as mediators in this relationship.
Undocumented in the time of pandemic: exploring legal violence, health care and human rights of irregular Filipino migrants in Italy and the UK
Authors: Vilog Ron Bridget T. , Piocos III Carlos M.
Published: June 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of states’ pandemic responses to the conditions and vulnerabilities of undocumented Filipino migrants in Italy and the UK. It also explores the role and strategies of migrant organisations in addressing the issues and concerns of undocumented workers.

Design/methodology/approach

Qualitative approaches are used to collect and analyse the narratives of the migrants and migrant organisations. This paper used government reports, policy briefs and documents from international organisations in analysing the socio-political vulnerabilities of undocumented migrants in the context of the global pandemic. In addition, we interviewed leaders of migrant organisations, which are involved in supporting irregular migrants.

Findings

The study reveals that states have exercised a regime of legitimate violence against undocumented workers in Italy and the UK. This regime is imposed not only by the stringent laws and policies that directly and indirectly cause economic, social and even cultural suffering to the migrants but also by the “symbolic violence” manifested in structural and social inequalities, and the exploitative economic order amid the pandemic. Responding to the “regime of fear”, migrant organisations provide immediate relief and “safe spaces” for the undocumented workers.

Originality/value

The paper contributes to the ongoing conversation on state practices in regulating migration by framing the conditions of undocumentation as legal violence that structurally deprives irregular migrants access to health care and human rights amid global health crisis.
Multiclass skin lesion classification using image augmentation technique and transfer learning models
Authors: Swetha R Naga , Shrivastava Vimal K. , Parvathi K.
Published: June 2021

Purpose

The mortality rate due to skin cancers has been increasing over the past decades. Early detection and treatment of skin cancers can save lives. However, due to visual resemblance of normal skin and lesion and blurred lesion borders, skin cancer diagnosis has become a challenging task even for skilled dermatologists. Hence, the purpose of this study is to present an image-based automatic approach for multiclass skin lesion classification and compare the performance of various models.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, the authors have presented a multiclass skin lesion classification approach based on transfer learning of deep convolutional neural network. The following pre-trained models have been used: VGG16, VGG19, ResNet50, ResNet101, ResNet152, Xception, MobileNet and compared their performances on skin cancer classification.

Findings

The experiments have been performed on HAM10000 dataset, which contains 10,015 dermoscopic images of seven skin lesion classes. The categorical accuracy of 83.69%, Top2 accuracy of 91.48% and Top3 accuracy of 96.19% has been obtained.

Originality/value

Early detection and treatment of skin cancer can save millions of lives. This work demonstrates that the transfer learning can be an effective way to classify skin cancer images, providing adequate performance with less computational complexity.
The three dimensions of strategic flexibility
Authors: Hoeft Fabian
Published: June 2021

Purpose

Strategic flexibility is a widely discussed concept. Yet discussions remained of qualitative nature or addressed only specific aspects quantitatively underlying the concept. The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual model identifying key factors determining strategic flexibility. Once quantified, the model provides firms a profile of each strategic option towards the company vision.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper reviews existing and synthesises prior contributions into a conceptual model of strategic flexibility. Based on semi-structured interviews and value mapping, the model is applied using three case studies from the automotive industry.

Findings

A total of three main findings were made. First, the concept of strategic flexibility has a simple logic that aligns itself to a variety of automotive companies and visions. However, underlying this remit is an interplay of variables. Previous studies remain fragmented and have only addressed a subset of variables. Second, these variables can be grouped into three dimensions of strategic flexibility – product, process and customer – to convey a holistic understanding of strategic flexibility and its key determinants. Third, due to the uncertainty and complexity involved, depending on the firm and industry characteristics, there cannot be a one-fits-all configuration of the strategic flexibility conceptualisation.

Research limitations/implications

A variety of variables requires consideration to offer a balanced view of all three dimensions of strategic flexibility. Hence, the case studies remain at a necessarily high level.

Practical implications

The paper offers guidance for management on how to align their firm strategy to product and process contingency factors to satisfy customer needs in line with their company vision.

Originality/value

The paper aims to elevate a discussion that previously remained fragmented and mainly descriptive.
Narcissism, toxic work culture and abusive supervision: a double-edged sword escalating organizational deviance
Authors: Tiwari Mansi , Jha Rimjhim
Published: June 2021

Purpose

In a nutshell, the purpose of this paper is to accentuate the mask of evils of the organization by discussing different experiences, stories and cases, which is on itself a bizarre because we always talk about the morality and ethos in leading styles.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is conducted in India and descriptive in nature. The structural equation modelling technique is used in the paper to test the relationships among the constructs directly and indirectly by mediation effect on how it raises the organizational deviance.

Findings

The outcome of the study indicates that organizational deviance is highly influenced by narcissism, which also raises the toxic work culture and abusive supervision. The mentioned variables not only have a significant effect but also have a partial mediation effect on organizational deviance. The study significantly contributes to the literature with the findings that not only narcissism led to organizational deviance but additionally leads to high arousal through a positive relationship with toxic work culture and abusive supervision strongly leading to organizational deviance.

Research limitations/implications

The study is for leaders who are more with self-love, demolishing peace and promoting the toxic work culture and deviant behaviours.

Practical implications

Having narcissistic traits then turns into a complicated situation for employees to decide whether to stay in the organization or leave, and if these intentions are not developing, then it led to deviance on the part of employees.

Social implications

A leader becomes so much obsessed with their egomania and uses the abusive supervision to dominate the team members. This pattern has to stop, as it fabricating the wrong connotation of the tranquillity of followers or team members.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the outcome where leaders could understand the impact of how their excess self-love turns against the workplace peace and results in high deviance.
Mobile parallel robot machine for heavy-duty double-walled vacuum vessel assembly
Authors: Li Changyang , Wu Huapeng , Eskelinen Harri , Ji Haibiao
Published: June 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to present a detailed mechanical design of a seven-degrees-of-freedom mobile parallel robot for the tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding and machining processes in fusion reactor. Detailed mechanical design of the robot is presented and both the kinematic and dynamic behaviors are studied.

Design/methodology/approach

First, the model of the mobile parallel robot was created in computer-aided design (CAD) software, then the simulation and optimization of the robot were completed to meet the design requirements. Then the robot was manufactured and assembled. Finally, the machining and tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding tests were performed for validation.

Findings

Currently, the implementation of the robot system has been successfully carried out in the laboratory. The excellent performance has indicated that the robot’s mechanical and software designs are suitable for the given tasks. The quality and accuracy of welding and machining has reached the requirements.

Originality/value

This mobile parallel industrial robot is particularly used in fusion reactor. Furthermore, the structure of the mobile parallel robot can be optimized for different applications.
Political connections, political corruption and auditing: a literature review
Authors: Khelil Imen , Khlif Hichem , Amara Ines
Published: June 2021

Purpose

Given the interest in better understanding the economic effects of political connections and political corruption on auditor behavior, this paper aims to review empirical studies in the accounting and finance domain dealing with these topics.

Design/methodology/approach

Keywords used to search for relevant studies include “political connections or political corruption” with “audit fees, audit report lag, audit independence and audit opinion.” This paper consults several editorial sources including Elsevier, Electronic Journals Service Elton B. Stephens Company, Emerald, Springer, Palgrave Macmillan, Sage, Taylor and Francis and Wiley-Blackwell. The search yields 16 published studies since 2006.

Findings

The review reveals that the majority of studies dealing with the economic effect of political connections are conducted in an Asian setting. Political connections increase the likelihood of receiving a favorable audit opinion and they are associated with higher audit fees longer audit delays. However, they can compromise auditor independence. Studies dealing with the economic consequences of political corruption on auditing are mostly based in the US setting. The findings of the reviewed studies suggest that political corruption is associated with higher audit fees, longer audit delays and increases the likelihood of receiving a going concern audit opinion.

Practical implications

The synthesis suggests that political connections can adversely (compromise auditor independence) or beneficially (reduce the likelihood of issuing a going concern audit opinion) impact auditor behavior depending on the legal, institutional and cultural characteristics prevailing in a particular setting. Political corruptions increase audit assessed risks leading to a higher probability of issuing a going concern audit opinion and increased audit effort (audit fees and audit delays). It should be noted here that the literature linked to political corruption and auditor behavior is still in its infancy and much remains to be learnt if this stream of research is examined outside the US setting.

Originality/value

The review discusses the political connections and political corruption literature specifically devoted to auditor behavior. It identifies some limitations of this literature and offers guidance for future research avenues.
The effect of children’s facial expressions in eliciting benevolent behavior for child sponsorships versus one-time donations
Authors: Jang Hyunkyu
Published: June 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the influence of personal distress on donor choice of happy- or sad-faced child in two donation contexts, monetary donations and child sponsorships.

Design/methodology/approach

This research conducted two experimental studies, in which participants chose a child to benefit out of eight needy children.

Findings

More people chose sad-faced children than happy-faced children in monetary donations, whereas in child sponsorships, the preference for sad-faced over happy-faced children disappeared: people chose happy-faced children as often as they chose sad-faced children.

Originality/value

This research distinguishes between two types of personal distress, experienced and anticipated distress, explaining why donor choices of child differ between monetary donations (where only experienced distress is present) and child sponsorships (where both experienced and anticipated distress are present).
Understanding knowledge hiding in the context of virtual workplaces
Authors: Choudhary Suman , Mishra Kirti
Published: June 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the implications of virtual work arrangements on employee knowledge hiding (KH) behaviour and the different strategies of KH used by employees in these arrangements.

Design/methodology/approach

Following a grounded theory approach to understanding KH, 21 semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with employees engaged in virtual working setups. The data collected from these informants were then analysed using qualitative methods.

Findings

The study revealed that virtual work arrangements increase employee KH behaviour because of three reasons: ease of hiding, digital burnout and loss of control. Further, the study found that rationalized hiding is the most commonly adopted strategy by employees engaged in virtual work arrangements, while inclinations towards evasive hiding strategy decrease in this arrangement.

Originality/value

This is the first study in knowledge management literature that seeks to explain KH in the virtual work context.
Antecedents and outcomes of enterprise social network usage within UK higher education
Authors: Kazemian Shakiba , Grant Susan B.
Published: June 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate factors influencing knowledge sharing on enterprise social network (ESN) use behaviour among academic staff in universities, using the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) as the underlying research framework

Design/methodology/approach

A conceptual framework was created by extending the UTAUT by incorporating three additional factors, namely, feature value (FV), relationship expectancy (RE) and professional benefits. A quantitative approach based on the survey was used to collect data from 254 academic staff. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling.

Findings

The result indicated significant differences around factors influencing both consumptive and contributive usage patterns within ESNs. These factors suggest more contributive than consumptive use.

Research limitations/implications

Future research should consider a longitudinal study focusing on the change in ESN use behaviour among academic staff and the fundamental aspects influencing this change.

Originality/value

This study extends the UTAUT model by incorporating three additional factors: FV, RE and professional benefits, to study ESN use behaviour in a higher education context. This study has significantly modified UTAUT to include the dynamic nature of ESN usage.
No More Political Compromise? Swedish Commissions of Inquiry 1990–2016
Authors: Dahlström Carl , Lundberg Erik , Pronin Kira
Published: June 2021

This article studies recent trends in the composition and uses of Swedish commissions of inquiry in preparing policy for the government. For much of the 20th century, commissions with representatives of major parliamentary parties and other policy stakeholders served as an arena of negotiation and compromise between the government, the opposition parties, and organised interests. Drawing on a unique data set of 2,087 commissions appointed between 1990 and 2016, we show that their representativeness has declined significantly. We also document a significant decrease in the inclusion of politicians and an increase in the presence of civil servants. Governments have also increased their control over commissions by issuing more directives. We further document a dramatic decline of reservations and dissenting opinions in the commission reports. This may be due to a combination of including fewer potentially dissenting voices and restricting commissions' scope. We conclude that commissions are no longer the arenas of compromise‐seeking that they were for most of the 20th century.
Hi‐C scaffolded short‐ and long‐read genome assemblies of the California sea lion are broadly consistent for syntenic inference across 45 million years of evolution
Authors: Peart Claire R. , Williams Christina , Pophaly Saurabh D. , Neely Benjamin A. , Gulland Frances M. D. , Adams David J. , Ng Bee Ling , Cheng William , Goebel Michael E. , Fedrigo Olivier , Haase Bettina , Mountcastle Jacquelyn , Fungtammasan Arkarachai , Formenti Giulio , Collins Joanna , Wood Jonathan , Sims Ying , Torrance James , Tracey Alan , Howe Kerstin , Rhie Arang , Hoffman Joseph I. , Johnson Jeremy , Jarvis Erich D. , Breen Matthew , Wolf Jochen B. W.
Published: June 2021

With the advent of chromatin‐interaction maps, chromosome‐level genome assemblies have become a reality for a wide range of organisms. Scaffolding quality is, however, difficult to judge. To explore this gap, we generated multiple chromosome‐scale genome assemblies of an emerging wild animal model for carcinogenesis, the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus). Short‐read assemblies were scaffolded with two independent chromatin interaction mapping data sets (Hi‐C and Chicago), and long‐read assemblies with three data types (Hi‐C, optical maps and 10X linked reads) following the “Vertebrate Genomes Project (VGP)” pipeline. In both approaches, 18 major scaffolds recovered the karyotype (2n = 36), with scaffold N50s of 138 and 147 Mb, respectively. Synteny relationships at the chromosome level with other pinniped genomes (2n = 32–36), ferret (2n = 34), red panda (2n = 36) and domestic dog (2n = 78) were consistent across approaches and recovered known fissions and fusions. Comparative chromosome painting and multicolour chromosome tiling with a panel of 264 genome‐integrated single‐locus canine bacterial artificial chromosome probes provided independent evaluation of genome organization. Broad‐scale discrepancies between the approaches were observed within chromosomes, most commonly in translocations centred around centromeres and telomeres, which were better resolved in the VGP assembly. Genomic and cytological approaches agreed on near‐perfect synteny of the X chromosome, and in combination allowed detailed investigation of autosomal rearrangements between dog and sea lion. This study presents high‐quality genomes of an emerging cancer model and highlights that even highly fragmented short‐read assemblies scaffolded with Hi‐C can yield reliable chromosome‐level scaffolds suitable for comparative genomic analyses.
Actualistic taphonomic study of the rodents digested by the Achala culpeo fox (Lycalopexculpaeussmithersi) in the highlands of central Argentina
Authors: Coll Daiana G. , Montalvo Claudia I. , Fernández Fernando J. , Pia Mónica V. , Mondini Mariana
Published: June 2021

We present the first actualistic study of the rodents consumed by the South American fox Lycalopex culpaeus smithersi (Achala culpeo fox), a subspecies of the culpeo fox that is endemic to the highlands of central Argentina. We provide a taphonomic characterization of this canid based on digested micromammal bones, and compare it to other carnivores. We studied over 1000 bones derived from 83 scats collected in Quebrada del Condorito National Park, Córdoba province, Argentina, corresponding to caviomorph and myomorph rodents. Galea leucoblephara was the main prey (59.8% MNI, 93.1% biomass). Average relative abundance for the total assemblage was 26.7. Cranial and, to a lesser extent, proximal limb bones were the most abundant elements. A high degree of breakage was observed in cranial elements and, to a lesser extent, in limb bones. A high proportion of heavy and extreme digestion was inferred, while some elements bear light or no digestion traces at all. Overall, the Achala culpeo fox fits best with other mammalian carnivores in the category of extreme modification, and shows types and proportions of taphonomic attributes similar to other South American mammalian predators. These results contribute to the understanding of regional taphonomic processes and of digestive modifications by Lycalopex foxes generally, and are thus relevant to interpreting the presence of micromammal remains in the archaeological and palaeontological records and the impact of these foxes upon their formation.
Life after an out‐of‐home placement: What biological parents in foster care tell us about parenthood
Authors: Said Salem Ruwayda , Wilde Lieselot De
Published: June 2021

Multiple attempts have been made to address the perspectives of biological parents in cases of foster care. Despite this, there is a lack of research that adequately reflects these parents' perspectives on parenthood following an out‐of‐home placement. In addition, Western welfare systems tend to be primarily concerned with the rights of children and their foster parents. As we know little about how parenthood takes shape in the day‐to‐day practice of foster care, this study addresses what can be a possible (new) role for biological parents when an out‐of‐home placement is required. Qualitative research was performed by means of an interview guide, divided in (sub)themes, with 13 biological parents whose children were still in foster care. The thematic analysis of the interviews revealed three main topics: the sudden entry into foster care, the foster care process and feeling like a parent. Our analysis revealed that parents, despite their own reservations or objections about foster care, tend to commemorate or redefine their parenting role after their child(ren) have been placed out of home.
Evaluation of the corneal endothelium by specular microscopy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Songur Murat Serkan , İntepe Yavuz Selim , Bayhan Seray Aslan , Bayhan Hasan Ali , Çiftçi Bülent
Published: June 2021

Objective

The objective of this study is to evaluate the corneal endothelium in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using a specular microscope.

Methods

The right eyes of 64 patients with a COPD diagnosis and 65 healthy individuals were evaluated. Cell density (CD) (cell/mm2), corneal thickness (CT) (μ), hexagonal cell ratio (%), and coefficient of variation (cell area standard deviation/mean cell area, μm2) were analyzed by specular microscopy (SM).

Results

The CT was significantly reduced in the COPD group compared with the control group (P = 0.021). Moreover, a significant difference was found between the COPD group and the control group in terms of corneal endothelial CD (P = 0.011), hexagonal cell ratio (P = 0.008), and coefficient of variation (P = 0.012).

Conclusion

The corneal endothelial structure was significantly deteriorated in patients with COPD compared with the control group. SM is a valuable method that could be used in treatment and follow‐up of corneal endothelium in patients with COPD.
Path transplantation: How to use the power of irrigation – a case study of the photovoltaic industry in China
Authors: He Canfei , Zhang Wei
Published: June 2021

Path transplantation, as an essential type of path creation, brings in external knowledge, technology, skilled individuals, and foreign capital, which enables developing regions to catch up with more developed ones through leap‐forward development. However, most economic geography studies have focused on path branching and diversification of new industries, which are more common in developed regions. This study adjusts the canonical four‐phase framework based on previous studies to analyse the impact of various forces on path transplantation phase by phase. Two main types of forces, “soil conditions” and “irrigation measures,” jointly impact the evolutionary path of transplantation. Their influences vary in different phases. Irrigation measures help in attracting new industry and increasing efficiency of transplantation. However, as new industry grows up and moves to the maturation phase, the impact of irrigation is limited due to increasing rigidification, and soil conditions, especially technological relatedness and innovation, play more important roles. Thus, the best time to intervene is in the embryo and rooting phases and the impacts will be increasingly positive through reinforcement in the irreversible trajectory. This framework is employed to analyse the development of the photovoltaic industry in China. The empirical results prove the importance of irrigation measures, especially government support in the early stages. This provides regions with an opportunity to strategically intervene in path transplantation and promote new industries.
Responses of ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) assemblages to stand characteristics and landscape structure in riparian poplar forests
Authors: Wang Binli , Tian Chengming , Liang Yingmei , Liu Weihang
Published: June 2021

Many carabid beetles are among the most important biocontrol agents and are biological indicators of environmental change, although relatively little is known about how local and landscape factors affect forest ground beetle assemblages. Understanding such effects of multi‐scale environmental drivers on ground beetles can promote carabid diversity and conservation.

Ground beetles were sampled by pitfall trapping in 40 poplar forest stands (sampling plots) along the Irtysh River in Northwestern China. We investigated responses of carabid activity density, species diversity and functional diversity (FD) to stand characteristics and surrounding landscape structure (the overall diversity and percentage cover of vegetation productivity classes in the surrounding area of each sampling plot based on normalised difference vegetation index).

While carabid activity density only responded positively to the overall diversity of vegetation productivity classes, carabid species diversity was positively associated with this landscape factor as well as vegetation cover but negatively associated with the nearest distance from sampling plot to the river. Only carabid FD responded significantly to percentage cover of vegetation productivity classes, showing a positive correlation with the proportion of medium vegetation productivity. Furthermore, overall carabid FD declined with increasing tree canopy cover.

Our results can help predicting spatial patterns of ground beetles according to landscape diversity and proportions of surrounding vegetation types and improve the design of conservation strategies (such as altering canopy cover) of carabids, especially forest specialist species. Any forest management strategies for promoting carabid diversity should consider the pervasive effects of landscape composition and configuration besides local stand characteristics.
Proteopathic lesions in the brain of a super‐aged chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)
Authors: Iwaide Susumu , Yanai Tokuma , Murakami Tomoaki
Published: June 2021

The brain of a chimpanzee estimated to be 68 years old, the oldest reported so far, has been examined. Pathological analyses revealed the formation of mild tau‐positive neuritic clusters and cytoplasmic α‐synuclein aggregates, in addition to severe cerebral amyloid angiopathy and diffuse plaques, but no tangle lesions were observed.
A Comparison of Zika Virus and COVID‐19: Clinical Overview and Public Health Messaging
Authors: McBroom Kelly
Published: June 2021

Prenatal exposure to the Zika virus (ZIKV) is associated with a significant risk of neurological impairment for infants. ZIKV serves as a cautionary model with significant parallels to the current coronavirus 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. A limited literature search was performed to compare and contrast the clinical and psychosocial aspects of infection with ZIKV and COVID‐19. There are significant parallels between ZIKV disease and COVID‐19 in terms of limited diagnostic techniques, therapeutics, and prognostic uncertainties. Both infections are associated with a significant risk of adverse outcomes for either the pregnant individual or the fetus. Existing social and economic inequalities amplify the risk burden of ZIKV disease and COVID‐19 in vulnerable communities. Although each pathogen has unique features, there are underlying common principles with regard to the recognition, communication, and mitigation of risk of infection. Misinformation spread by social media platforms has undermined public health efforts and patient adoption of recommended mitigation strategies. Health care providers can provide partnership, social support, and evidence‐based information to enhance health‐seeking behaviors, thereby minimizing the risks for pregnant and reproductive‐aged persons.
Loss of immobilized water and intense protein aggregation responsible for quality deterioration of ready to eat firm tofu
Authors: Ye Tao , Chen Xing , Chen Zhina , Liu Rui , Zhang Peipei , Yu Qi , Lu Jianfeng
Published: June 2021

The influence of high‐temperature treatment (100–120°C, 15 min) on the texture, color, and water‐holding capacity of tofu gels was investigated. As the temperature increasing, the hardness and chewiness as well as the values of redness a and yellowness b increased gradually, while the water content and the lightness L value reduced progressively, and these variations were more pronounced at 115 or 120°C. Low field nuclear magnetic resonance showed that the loss of T22 water led to the decrease of the water content. Scanning electron microscope revealed that the micropore in gels decreased after heating, and almost entirely disappeared at 120°C. Further analysis by SDS‐PAGE indicated the soy protein aggregation formed via disulfide linkage was observed in the thermal treated tofu gels, and nondisulfide linkage might also be occurred as temperature reached 110°C or higher. The quality deterioration may be attributed to immobilized water loss combined with the protein aggregation.
Films of the Printed Page: Transmedial Books for Early Soviet Children
Authors: MANDUŠIĆ ZDENKO
Published: June 2021

This essay examines the representation of film production and reception in Soviet children's books from the 1920s and early 1930s. These publications function both as instructional manuals for teaching children about cinema and as attempts to depict film elements in a different medium. In relation to the institutional development of the Soviet film industry, the publication of children's books about cinema coincides with the mobilization of films for propaganda and educational purposes. At this time there were also increasing warnings about the effect of cinema on children as well as calls for ideologically appropriate film programming for young viewers. The visual language of these publications indicates how writers and artists of Soviet children's books engaged with cinema and adapted cinematic techniques to the printed page. The authors represented cinema's illusion of immediacy, spectator engagement, and principles of narration through the succession of images. Moreover, Soviet children's books about cinema appropriate film techniques and cinematic forms as part of their claim to the realism and authenticity ascribed to cinematic representation. Such translation of elements across media turned Soviet children's books into transmedial objects that allowed readers to enter and engage the media system developing around them.
Nature, Hares, and Nikolay Nekrasov: The Poetics and Economics of Russian Ecocriticism
Authors: FEDOTOV ANDREY , USPENSKIJ PAVEL
Published: June 2021

This article analyzes two of the main aspects of Nikolay Nekrasov's poem for children, “Grandpa Mazai and the Hares” (1871)–the pedagogical and the ecological. The article demonstrates that this story about the rescue of hares during the spring flood, which is a standard selection in poetry readers in Russia, was intended as a graphic illustration of the “economic perspective” from which social elites viewed the Russian peasantry. But the story was so vivid and unusual that the economic aspect overshadowed the ecological issues. This article shows that this poem, addressed to children, was the first ecological text in Russian literature to posit a new type of attitude toward wild animals. Nekrasov's ecological model took shape in dialogue with a variety of discourses extant at the time–about education, biology, and hunting. The poet's work was elevated into the literary canon as an example of lyrics about “love for one's little brothers.” But its message was greatly simplified over time, as other writers who aimed their work solely at children adopted it and gradually transformed “Grandpa Mazai” into just one of many texts that advocated for the humane treatment of animals.
Experiences of compassion among family carers of older adults: Qualitative content analysis of survey free‐text comments
Authors: Murfield Jenny , Moyle Wendy , O’Donovan Analise
Published: June 2021

Objectives

To provide qualitative insight into the experiences of compassion (to self, to others and from others) among family carers of older adults by exploring the written responses provided within a cross‐sectional survey that asked about carers’ levels of compassion, mindfulness, emotion regulation, coping strategies and psychological health.

Methods

Family carers of adults aged ≥65 years from around the world completed the survey between July and December 2019. To provide carers with an opportunity to describe experiences in their own words and expand on issues beyond the limits of closed‐response items, the survey included eight free‐text boxes. These appeared after each self‐report measure and at the end of the survey. From a total of 127 carers providing 504 written responses, inductive qualitative content analysis identified and evaluated 245 comments from 105 family carers’ that were about their experiences of compassion (to self, to others and from others).

Results

Some family carers perceived a lack of compassion, both for themselves and from others, and several barriers to carers’ openness to receiving compassion were identified. Factors influencing carers’ compassion to others in general included how carers were feeling themselves, the person it was directed towards and the situation. Within the caregiving relationship specifically, this included care recipients’ level of need and behaviour.

Conclusions

Findings provide qualitative understanding about family carers’ realities of compassion (to self, to others and from others) within their role and highlight the applicability and warranted focus of compassion‐based approaches within family caregiving research and practice.
Numerical Analysis of Flow Behavior in Gas–Liquid Cylindrical Cyclone (GLCC©) Separators With Inlet Design Modifications
Authors: Kolla Srinivas Swaroop , Mohan Ram S. , Shoham Ovadia
Published: June 2021

The Gas–Liquid Cylindrical Cyclone (GLCC©) is a simple, compact, and low-cost separator, which provides an economically attractive alternative to conventional gravity-based separators over a wide range of applications. More than 6500 GLCC©’s have been installed in the field to date around the world over the past two decades. The GLCC© inlet section design is a key parameter, which is crucial for its performance and proper operation. The flow behavior in the GLCC© body is highly dependent on the fluid velocities generated at the reduced area nozzle inlet. An earlier study (Kolla et al., 2017, “Structural Integrity Analysis of GLCC© Separator Inlet,” ASME J. Energy Resour. Technol., 140(5), p. 052905) recommended design modifications to the inlet section, based on safety and structural robustness. It is important to ensure that these proposed configuration modifications do not adversely affect the flow behavior at the inlet and the overall performance of the GLCC©. This paper presents a numerical study utilizing specific GLCC© field applications working under three different case studies representing the flow entering the GLCC, separating light oil, steam flooded wells in Minas, Indonesia. Commercially available computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software is utilized to analyze the hydrodynamics of flow with the proposed modifications of the inlet section for GLCC© field applications.
Back Matter
Authors: Sinclair Bruce
Published: June 2021

This back matter contains Writing ASME’s History, Council Members 1880–1980 and Index
‘The arts are full of reckless things’
Authors: Sinclair Bruce
Published: June 2021

The search for orderliness and for systematic procedures that so characterized late nineteenth-century America is usually described in political or economic terms. Historians often claim that Progressive Era politics emphasized government by city managers rather than city bosses, for instance, and that the business world also looked for a new kind of managerial expertise to take it beyond the anarchy of the robber barons. But these tendencies can also clearly be seen in engineering institutions — and they obviously derived from the same social and economic forces.
The Parker Case and Institutional Confidence
Authors: Sinclair Bruce
Published: June 2021

When the members of ASME wrote or spoke about the depression, they often did so in the language of warfare. The crisis demanded that kind of national mobilization and suggested the curtailment of normal attitudes and practices for the duration of the conflict. Because mechanical engineers felt themselves under siege, notions of defense and counter-attack also came easily to mind. But there was a set of medical metaphors that proved equally attractive and appeared even more appropriate. In a way that implied ancient ideas of bodily humors, the depression was seen as a matter of imbalance; constituent parts of the system were out of harmony. And since mechanical engineers claimed credit for the economy’s previous health, they saw themselves as the most likely physicians to minister to its ills. Furthermore, treating a sick economy, as the editor of Iron Age pointed out, called for an understanding of the true causes of disease, for remedies rather than palliatives.
Reliability and Maintainability Strategies for Repairable Systems in a Mass Transit Rolling Stock Subway
Authors: Alencar Aercio Regis
Published: June 2021

A collection of reliability engineering studies, over a period of 13 years, on a large series of, non-structural, repairable components, of a Subway Revenue Fleet show that a greater proportion of the items examined exposed Non-Ageing related failure patterns over its “In-Service” cycles. These results of In-service incursions, modeled by the use of probability distributions widely used in lifetime series analysis, revealed wear out patterns in agreement with studies in aircraft and ship fleets, as documented in Nowlan & Heap Reliability Report for UAL 1968, Broberg 1973 and MSP 1982 [1]. Remarkably, the distinctiveness of patterns which allow for the characterization of Age-Related from Non-Ageing related failure distributions provide a strategic decision making framework for component maintainability and engineering performance optimization within Rolling Stock Subway Maintenance Operations [14]. We propose to consider the study results a novel practical quantitative confirmation of the original Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) [1], Failure Patterns, in Mass Transit Rail Rolling Stock.
Proposed Qualification Test Procedure to Identify Prestressed Concrete Ties That May Be Susceptible to End-Splitting Cracks
Authors: Savic Adrijana , Beck B. Terry , Peterman Robert J.
Published: June 2021

Prestressed concrete ties could develop end-splitting cracks along tendons due to lateral bursting stresses. The lateral bursting stresses can form due to Hoyer effect (change in diameter of the prestressing tendons due to Poisson’s ratio, the jacking force in the tendons, geometrical features, and indent characteristics of the prestressing tendons. End-splitting cracks can occur immediately after de-tensioning procedure in some cases, but they also can be developed during the first weeks after de-tensioning procedure due to sustained lateral stresses exerted by the prestressing tendons. The ability of concrete to resist these bursting stresses without cracking is primarily the function of the thickness of concrete cover, the type of concrete mixture used and the maximum compressive strength of the concrete. The test purpose was to identify tie designs that may be susceptible to end-splitting cracks. The Qualification test will be great tool to identify tie designs that have ability to form end-splitting cracks. The System Qualification Test involves six pre-tensioned concrete prisms with the same prestressing tendons and concrete mixture that is used in the concrete ties, except that the edge distance for the prisms is reduced by approximately 25 percent. If this reduction in edge distance results in longitudinal splitting cracks along the prestressing tendons, then the system (tie design and material selection) may be susceptible to concrete end-splitting cracks. In this case, changes to the design and/or material selection should be made prior to mass production of ties.
Multiscale Simulation-Based Mixed Train Derailment Analysis: A Case Study
Authors: Wang Yi , Nich Steven , Mulligan Kyle , Oldknow Kevin , Wang G. Gary
Published: June 2021

The makeup of mixed-manifest freight trains is often determined through rigid operating rules designed based on steady-state in-train forces under nominal vehicle and track conditions. Despite compliance with these rules, excessive forces experienced during exceptional situations still hold significant potential to result in derailments. This paper presents a case study involving a mixed train derailment in a sharp curve following an undesired brake release. The operating conditions and sequence of events are modelled using a novel multiscale simulation approach to combine industry-established longitudinal and multi-body dynamics simulation packages. The root cause of the derailment in this case study is assessed, along with the effectiveness of subsequent rule changes in mitigating the corresponding risk. The case study and results are further discussed in the broader context of a research initiative to utilize near real-time data collection from wayside and vehicle-mounted measurement systems, together with robust multiscale simulation approaches, to improve the area of mixed train marshalling.