bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structuring meat analogs by citrus fiber with reduced salt intake
Authors: Li Yanlei , Cheng Qian , Guo Jian , Wang Jinmei , Yang Xiaoquan
Published: July 2023

In this study, we investigated the effect of addition of citrus fiber (CF; 5% and 10%, which consists mainly of soluble pectin and insoluble cellulose) on physical properties and microstructure of meat analogs based on soy protein isolate and wheat gluten using high‐moisture extrusion. Layered structure or microstructure of meat analogs was observed by scanning electron microscope and confocal laser scanning microscope. Compared to the control (without CF), meat analogs with CF addition showed disorder layered microstructure, which was interconnected with smaller fibers. Rheological measurements (strain sweep and frequency sweep) show that the incorporation of CF resulted in meat analogs with softer texture. The moisture content of meat analogs increased significantly upon the addition of CF, which was also correlated with juiciness. Sensory evaluation and dynamic salt release results confirm that the saltiness of meat analogs with CF addition was enhanced due to the structural changes of phase‐separated structures, achieving salt reduction by 20% and showing a saltiness similar to the control sample. This research provides a novel approach to modulate the saltiness perception of meat analogs by modifying the phase separation of protein/polysaccharides.

Practical Application

Citrus fiber is added to the plant protein matrix to prepare meat analogs with high moisture content and enhanced saltiness perception via modifying the phase separation of protein/polysaccharides. This work provided a potential target for the meat industry to produce the meat analogs with less salt intake. Further research can be conducted using modified fibrous or inner structure of meat analogs to improve its quality.
Comparison of diagnostic efficacy of dual‐energy CT and ultrasound in gouty arthritis
Authors: Gao Xiulin , Gao Huanling , Zhang Liyun , Zhang Liqing
Published: July 2023

Objective

To explore the performance and effect of dual‐energy computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound in the diagnosis of gouty arthritis and to provide a reference for the clinical diagnosis of gouty arthritis.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of 76 patients with gouty arthritis admitted to the hospital from June 2020 to June 2022 was conducted. Patients were diagnosed with gouty arthritis using ultrasound and dual‐energy CT technology. The accuracy of diagnosis by different imaging techniques was analyzed along with the imaging findings of ultrasound and dual‐energy CT.

Results

Seventy‐six patients, 60 men and 16 women, ranging in age from 20 to 77 years (mean age 50.8 ± 10.92 years), presented with uric acid levels of 254.1–720.05 μmol/L (mean 482.17 ± 105.06 μmol/L) and C‐reactive protein levels ranging from 4.25 to 10.3 mg/L. The receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the area under the curve and specificity of serum uric acid were higher by dual‐energy CT than those of ultrasound in the diagnosis of gouty arthritis. The dual‐energy CT detection rate of tophi was significantly higher than the ultrasound detection rate (p < .05). For inflammatory effusion and synovial thickening, the ultrasound detection rates were significantly higher than the dual‐energy CT detection rates (p < .05). Regarding soft‐tissue edema, the detection rate of the two methods was not significantly different (p > .05).

Conclusion

Compared with ultrasound, dual‐energy CT has increased accuracy in the diagnosis of gouty arthritis.
Risks and benefits of pre‐delivery taper in pregnant women taking antidepressants
Authors: Robakis Thalia K. , Miyares Samantha , Bergink Veerle
Published: July 2023

Background

Serotonin reuptake inhibitors are commonly used for treatment of mental health problems in pregnancy but may cause neonatal adaptation syndrome. It is unknown whether reduction or discontinuation of medication prior to delivery may mitigate this effect.

Methods

We present a case series of 38 women who either tapered their medication prior to delivery or maintained or increased their dose.

Results

Greater reductions in maternal antidepressant dose just prior to delivery were associated with fewer admissions to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for infants. There was a slightly greater increase in depressive symptoms across delivery for women who tapered, which was not statistically significant.

Conclusions

NICU admissions may be less frequent among neonates whose mothers tapered their medication prior to delivery. Large prospective randomized trials are needed to further study this practice.
Weekend effect in emergency laparotomy: a propensity score‐matched analysis
Authors: Sylivris Amy , Ramson Dhruvesh M. , Penny‐Dimri Jahan C. , Liu Zhengyang , Perry Luke A. , Au Jessica , Yang Zoe , Park Brittany , Pitesa Renato , Singh Surya , Smith Julian A , Taneja Ashish , Eglinton Tim , Welsh Fraser , Koea Jonathan , MacCormick Andrew D. , Barazanchi Ahmed , Hill Andrew G.
Published: July 2023

Background

The ‘weekend effect’ is the term given to the observed discrepancy regarding patient care and outcomes on weekends compared to weekdays. This study aimed to determine whether the weekend effect exists within Aotearoa New Zealand (AoNZ) for patients undergoing emergency laparotomy (EL), given recent advances in management of EL patients.

Methods

A cohort study was conducted across five hospitals, comparing the outcomes of weekend and weekday acute EL. A propensity‐score matched analysis was used to remove potential confounding patient characteristics.

Results

Of the 487 patients included, 132 received EL over the weekend. There was no statistically significant difference between patients undergoing EL over the weekend compared to weekdays. Mortality rates were comparable between the weekday and weekend cohorts (P = 0.464).

Conclusions

These results suggest that modern perioperative care practice in New Zealand obviates the ‘weekend’ effect.
Understanding colorectal cancer risk for symptomatic patients in primary care: A cohort study utilising faecal immunochemical tests and blood results in England
Authors: Crooks Colin J. , Banerjea Ayan , Jones James , Chapman Caroline , Oliver Simon , West Joe , Humes David J.
Published: July 2023

Background

A faecal immunochemical tests (FIT) cut‐off of ≥10 μg Hb/g faeces is now recommended in the UK as a gateway to urgent (suspected cancer) investigation for colorectal cancer (CRC), based on an expected CRC risk threshold of 3%.

Aims

To quantify the risk of CRC at FIT cut‐offs by age, haemoglobin and platelet strata.

Methods

A cohort study of a symptomatic CRC pathway based on primary care FIT tests in Nottingham, UK (November 2017–2021) with 1‐year follow‐up. Heat maps showed the cumulative 1‐year CRC risk using Kaplan–Meier estimates.

Results

In total, 514 (1.5%) CRCs were diagnosed following 33,694 index FIT requests. Individuals with a FIT ≥ 10 μg Hb/g faeces had a >3% risk of CRC, except patients under the age of 40 years (CRC risk 1.45% [95% CI: 0.03%–2.86%]). Non‐anaemic patients with a FIT < 100 μg Hb/g faeces had a CRC risk of <3%, except those between the age of 70 and 85 years (5.26% 95% CI: 2.72%–7.73%). Using a ≥3% CRC threshold in patients <55 years calculated using FIT, age and anaemia might allow 160–220 colonoscopies per 10,000 FITs to be re‐purposed, at a cost of missing 1–2 CRCs.

Conclusions

FIT alone with a single cut‐off is unlikely to be a panacea for optimising CRC diagnosis, as risk varies by FIT, age and anaemia when faecal haemoglobin levels are below 100 μg Hb/g. Tailored FIT cut‐offs for investigation on a CRC pathway could reduce the number of investigations needed at a 3% CRC risk threshold.
Ostreid herpesvirus‐1 microvariant surveillance in Pacific oysters (Magallana gigas, Thunberg, 1793) in Australia in 2011
Authors: Moloney BJ , Deveney M , Ellard K , Hick P , Kirkland PD , Moody NJG , Frances J
Published: July 2023

Objective

To demonstrate that OsHV‐1 microvariant was limited to the known infected areas in New South Wales at the time of the survey in 2011.

Design

A 2‐stage survey to demonstrate probability of infection at 2% design prevalence within oyster growing regions and to detect at least one infected region (4% design prevalence) with 95% confidence.

Sample Population

Magallana gigas in nominated oyster growing regions in New South Wales, South Australia and Tasmania as approved by the Aquatic Consultative Committee on Emergency Animal Diseases and documented in a national surveillance plan.

Procedure

Field sampling for active surveillance and laboratory selection of appropriate tissues using methods to minimize potential for cross contamination. Published methods for qPCR and conventional PCR for OsHV‐1 microvariant. Stochastic analysis of survey results to demonstrate probability of detection in the areas tested.

Results and Conclusions

OsHV‐1 microvariant was not detected in a total 4121 samples according to the case definition developed for the survey. However, in NSW a screening qPCR for OsHV‐1 detected 13 samples that reacted. These samples were negative at 2 laboratories in the qPCR and conventional PCR assays used in the case definition for the survey. We concluded that oyster production areas of Australia outside the infected area in NSW met the criteria for self‐declaration of freedom at the time of the survey in 2011.

Clinical Relevance

This activity illustrated achievements in surveillance for an emerging emergency animal pathogen where epidemiological and test validation data were limited, but where data was required to inform the emergency disease response. It also illustrated the challenges faced by investigators in interpreting surveillance results using tests with limited validation. It was guided by and has informed improvements in surveillance and emergency disease preparedness.
Structural and tectonic assessment of the western Huincul High, Neuquén Basin (Argentina)—The role of structural inheritance and mechanical stratigraphy in inversion systems
Authors: Antonov Ivan , Scarselli Nicola , Adam Jürgen , Lenge Diego , Gutierrez Raul , McClay Ken , Costantino Diego
Published: July 2023

The Neuquén Basin is a major Mesozoic sedimentary depocentre located in the retroarc foreland of the Argentinian Andes. The basin hosts world renowned inversion systems that have been the target of georesource exploration for the last three decades. The Huincul High is a structurally and economically prominent ca. 270 km long, E–W trending feature that formed by the accretion of exotic Palaeozoic terranes, influencing subsequent Mesozoic deformation in the basin. Exploration in the Huincul High has been mainly focused on the shallow part of the inversion structures leaving a limited understanding of the deep structural architecture and early tectonic evolution, particularly in the western reaches of the high. This research reveals that Late Triassic extensional faulting was followed by widespread thermal subsidence in the Early Jurassic, as shown by the occurrence of an extensive ca. 60 km long, ca. 20 km wide, NE–SW‐trending, central depocentre. In the Early Jurassic, as contraction ensued across this regional sag basin, atypical inversion geometries were developed. These exhibited prominent thickening in the hanging‐wall and, strikingly, in the footwall of reactivated faults. The style of inversion was also markedly influenced by the mechanically weak stratigraphy of the thick, Lower Jurassic, Los Molles formation that promoted broad inversion folding, inhibited shortcut fault creation, and decoupled post inversion deformation from earlier faulting. Quantitative fault analysis suggests that the reactivated faults originated during the Late Triassic extensional phase as separate ca. 10 km long fault segments. The analysis also indicates that segmentation of extensional faults, as well as their orientation to the later contractional vector (SH), spatially dictated style and magnitude of inversion. This research highlights the critical role played by structural inheritance and mechanical stratigraphy in the development of inversion in the Neuquén Basin, which might be of relevance for characterising inversion systems elsewhere. This research also proposes an evolutionary model for the western reaches of the Huincul High that suggests crustal weakening and thermal sag in the Early Jurassic. Moreover, the model highlights a previously unknown late Early Cretaceous transtensional phase that overprints the main Early Jurassic–Early Cretaceous inversion.
Magnetic resonance imaging as a predictor of therapeutic response to pasireotide in acromegaly
Authors: Ruiz Sabina , Gil Joan , Biagetti Betina , Venegas Eva , Cámara Rosa , Garcia‐Centeno Rogelio , Gálvez María‐Ángeles , Picó Antonio , Maraver Silvia , González Inmaculada , Abellán Pablo , Trincado Pablo , Herrera Mayte , Olvera Pilar , Xifra Gemma , Bernabeu Ignacio , Serra‐Soler Guillermo , Azriel Sharona , García Lourdes , Carvalho Davide , Jordà Mireia , Valassi Elena , Puig Josep , Puig‐Domingo Manel
Published: July 2023

Objective

Hyperintensity signal in T2‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been related to better therapeutic response during pasireotide treatment in acromegaly. The aim of the study was to evaluate T2 MRI signal intensity and its relation with pasireotide therapeutic effectiveness in real‐life clinical practice.

Design, Patients and Measurements

Retrospective multicentre study including acromegaly patients treated with pasireotide. Adenoma T2‐weighted MRI signal at diagnosis was qualitatively classified as iso‐hyperintense or hypointense. Insulin‐like growth factor (IGF‐I), growth hormone (GH) and tumour volume reduction were assessed after 6 and 12 months of treatment and its effectiveness evaluated according to baseline MRI signal. Hormonal response was considered ‘complete’ when normalization of IGF‐I levels was achieved. Significant tumour shrinkage was defined as a volume reduction of ≥25% from baseline.

Results

Eighty‐one patients were included (48% women, 50 ± 1.5 years); 93% had previously received somatostatin receptor ligands (SRLs) treatment. MRI signal was hypointense in 25 (31%) and hyperintense in 56 (69%) cases. At 12 months of follow‐up, 42/73 cases (58%) showed normalization of IGF‐I and 37% both GH and IGF‐I. MRI signal intensity was not associated with hormonal control. 19/51 cases (37%) presented a significant tumour volume shrinkage, 16 (41%) from the hyperintense group and 3 (25%) from the hypointense.

Conclusions

T2‐signal hyperintensity was more frequently observed in pasireotide treated patients. Almost 60% of SRLs resistant patients showed a complete normalization of IGF‐I after 1 year of pasireotide treatment, regardless of the MRI signal. There was also no difference in the percentage tumour shrinkage over basal residual volume between the two groups.
Quality of life in caregivers of a child with a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
Authors: Robertson Eden G. , Kelada Lauren , Best Stephanie , Goranitis Ilias , Pierce Kristine ,   CoGENeS Group, Bye Annie , Palmer Elizabeth E.
Published: July 2023

Aim

To explore the relationship between social care‐related quality of life (SCrQoL) for caregivers of a child with a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE; such as SCN2A and Dravet syndrome) and health literacy, illness perceptions, and caregiver activation.

Method

As part of a larger pre‐post pilot study of an information linker service, caregivers completed a baseline questionnaire which included demographics and measures to assess SCrQoL, health literacy, illness perceptions, and caregiver activation. We used Spearman's Rho to determine relationships between variables.

Results

Seventy‐two caregivers completed the questionnaire. Total SCrQoL varied widely, ranging from an ‘ideal state’ to ‘high needs state’. Caregivers most frequently reported high needs regarding doing activities they enjoy and looking after themselves. Total SCrQoL was correlated with cognitive (r[70] = −0.414, p < 0.000) and emotional representations of illness (r[70] = −0.503, p < 0.000), but not coherence (r = −0.075, p = 0.529). Total SCrQoL was not correlated with health literacy (r[70] = 0.125, p = 0.295) or caregiver activation (r[70] = 0.181, p = 0.127).

Interpretation

Future research should explore whether interventions that help caregivers cognitively reframe the negative experiences of having a child with a DEE, and support them to partake in activities they enjoy, boost their SCrQoL.

What this paper adds

Caregiver social care‐related quality of life (SCrQoL) varied widely, from ‘ideal state’ to ‘high needs state’.

Most common high needs were doing enjoyable activities and self‐care.

Caregivers with higher SCrQoL may perceive their child's illness as less threatening.

SCrQoL does not appear to be related to caregiver activation in this sample.
Implementing neurodevelopmental follow‐up care for children with congenital heart disease: A scoping review with evidence mapping
Authors: Abell Bridget R. , Eagleson Karen , Auld Benjamin , Bora Samudragupta , Justo Robert , Parsonage William , Sharma Pakhi , Kularatna Sanjeewa , McPhail Steven M.
Published: July 2023

Aim

To identify and map evidence describing components of neurodevelopmental follow‐up care for children with congenital heart disease (CHD).

Method

This was a scoping review of studies reporting components of neurodevelopmental follow‐up programmes/pathways for children with CHD. Eligible publications were identified through database searches, citation tracking, and expert recommendations. Two independent reviewers screened studies and extracted data. An evidence matrix was developed to visualize common characteristics of care pathways. Qualitative content analysis identified implementation barriers and enablers.

Results

The review included 33 studies. Twenty‐one described individual care pathways across the USA (n = 14), Canada (n = 4), Australia (n = 2), and France (n = 1). The remainder reported surveys of clinical practice across multiple geographical regions. While heterogeneity in care existed across studies, common attributes included enrolment of children at high‐risk of neurodevelopmental delay; centralized clinics in children's hospitals; referral before discharge; periodic follow‐up at fixed ages; standardized developmental assessment; and involvement of multidisciplinary teams. Implementation barriers included service cost/resourcing, patient burden, and lack of knowledge/awareness. Multi‐level stakeholder engagement and integration with other services were key drivers of success.

Interpretation

Defining components of effective neurodevelopmental follow‐up programmes and care pathways, along with enhancing and expanding guideline‐based care across regions and into new contexts, should continue to be priorities.

What this paper adds

Twenty‐two different neurodevelopmental follow‐up care pathways/programmes were published, originating from four countries.

Twelve additional publications described broad practices for neurodevelopmental follow‐up across regions

Common attributes across eligibility, service structure, assessment processes, and care providers were noted.

Studies reported programme acceptability, uptake, cost, and effectiveness.

Implementation barriers included service cost/resourcing, patient burden, and lack of knowledge/awareness.
Male perspectives on clinical communication about sexual health in spina bifida
Authors: Rague James T. , Hirsch Josephine , Rosoklija Ilina , Meyer Theresa , Streur Courtney , Kielb Stephanie , Cheng Earl Y. , Bowen Diana K. , Yerkes Elizabeth B. , Chu David I.
Published: July 2023

Aim

To assess perspectives on clinical communication about sexual health in young adult males with spina bifida.

Method

Semi‐structured interviews were conducted between February and May 2021 with males at least 18 years of age with spina bifida to assess their perspectives and experiences of sexual health communication with clinicians. Demographic and clinical characteristics were obtained from chart review and a survey of patients. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and conventional content analysis was used for transcript coding.

Results

Twenty individuals participated with a median age of 22 years 6 months (range 18–29 years). Sixteen had myelomeningocele. Most identified as heterosexual (n = 17) and not sexually active (n = 13). Barriers and facilitators of successful interactions were identified. Barriers for participants included general discomfort with talking about sex and variability in individual preferences for how conversations occur. Facilitators included participants' comfort with their urologist and discussing sex in relation to disability. Suggestions for improving discussions included (1) notifying individuals that discussion about sex will occur before clinic visits; (2) creating space for discussions; (3) respecting individuals' readiness to discuss; and (4) making discussions disability specific.

Interpretation

Young adult males with spina bifida are interested in discussing sexual health with their clinicians. Great variability exists about conversation preferences, emphasizing the need to individualize clinical communication about sex. Current health guidelines for males may not be in line with individuals' wishes.

What this paper adds

Great variability exists in individual preference around sexual health communication.

Patient‐level barriers hinder successful conversations about sex.

Individuals have great insight into how conversations about sex can be improved.
‘No commercial activity leaves greater benefit’: The profitability of the Cuban‐based slave trade during the first half of the nineteenth century
Authors: Sanjuan‐Marroquin Jose Miguel , Rodrigo‐Alharilla Martin
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we discuss the basis of the illegal slave trade between Africa and Cuba, measuring its volume and profit during the first half of the nineteenth century. Due to its illegal nature, the sources for exploring this trade were systematically destroyed, but we have been able to locate the accountancy of 17 expeditions that gives us a comprehensive understanding of the profits, margins, and risks. The basis to understanding this business was the murderous use of enslaved persons in the sugar mills, which forced a continuous repositioning through an illegal, although tolerated by the Spanish authorities, business. We demonstrate that from an economic point of view, the slave trade after illegalization was highly profitable, as the financial return of successful expeditions was near 100 per cent of the invested capital in less than a year. The risk of capture by the British authorities, associated with its illegal nature, was only high during the initial moments, and became steadily lower afterwards. In terms of volume, the trade of a half million enslaved persons illegally smuggled into Cuba produced what was probably the island's most important market.
Supporting carers to improve patient safety and maintain their well‐being in transitions from mental health hospitals to the community: A prioritisation nominal group technique
Authors: McMullen Sarah , Panagioti Maria , Planner Claire , Giles Sally , Angelakis Ioannis , Keers Richard N. , Robinson Catherine , Fu Yu , Johnson Judith , Tyler Natasha
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Carers of people with mental illness may face distinct challenges, including navigating fragmented health and social services during discharge from mental health hospitals. Currently, limited examples of interventions that support carers of people with mental illness in improving patient safety during transitions of care exist. We aimed to identify problems and solutions to inform future carer‐led discharge interventions, which is imperative for ensuring patient safety and the well‐being of carers.

Methods

The nominal group technique was used which combines both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods in four distinct phases: (1) problem identification, (2) solution generation, (3) decision making and (4) prioritisation. The aim was to combine expertise from different stakeholder groups (patients, carers and academics with expertise in primary/secondary care, social care or public health) to identify problems and generate solutions.

Results

Twenty‐eight participants generated potential solutions that were grouped into four themes. The most acceptable solution for each was as follows: (1) ‘Carer Involvement and Improving Carer Experience’ a dedicated family liaison worker, (2) ‘Patient Wellness and Education’ adapting and implementing existing approaches to help implement the patient care plan, (3) ‘Carer Wellness and Education’ peer/social support interventions for carers and (4) ‘Policy and System Improvements’ understanding the co‐ordination of care.

Conclusion

The stakeholder group concurred that the transition from mental health hospitals to the community is a distressing period, where patients and carers are particularly vulnerable to safety and well‐being risks. We identified numerous feasible/acceptable solutions to enable carers to improve patient safety and maintain their own mental wellbeing.

Patient and Public Contribution

Patient and public contributors were represented in the workshop and the focus of the workshop was to identify the problems they faced and co‐design potential solutions. Patient and public contributors were involved in the funding application and study design.
Role of B cells in immune‐related adverse events following checkpoint blockade
Authors: Dhodapkar Kavita M. , Duffy Alyssa , Dhodapkar Madhav V.
Published: July 2023

Blockade of immune checkpoints has transformed the therapy of several cancers. However, immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) have emerged as a major challenge limiting the clinical application of this approach. B cells are recognized as major players in the pathogenesis of human autoimmunity and have been successfully targeted to treat these disorders. While T cells have been extensively studied as therapeutic targets of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), these checkpoints also impact B cell tolerance. Blockade of immune checkpoints in the clinic is associated with distinct changes in the B cell compartment that correlate with the development of irAEs. In this review, we focus on the possible role of humoral immunity, specifically human B cell subsets and autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of ICB‐induced irAEs. There remains an unmet need to better understand the T:B cell cross talk underlying the activation of pathogenic B cells and the development of ICB‐induced irAEs. Such studies may identify new targets or approaches to prevent or treat irAEs and improve the application of ICB therapy in cancer.
Dielectric and gyromagnetic structure modulations of Zn–Sn codoped yttrium–iron–garnet based on the density‐generalized functional theory and P–V–L bond theory
Authors: Yin Qisheng , Liu Yingli , Wang Xin , Liu Kui , Wu Jian , Li Jie , Chen Jianfeng , Lu Shifan
Published: July 2023

Herein, the crystal structure, dielectric properties, and gyromagnetic characteristics of Zn–Sn codoped Y3ZnxSnxFe5−2xO12 (x = 0.0–0.5) prepared using a conventional ceramic process were investigated. According to the first‐principles’ calculations and complex crystal bonding theory, Zn2+–Sn4+ codoping can increase the relative dielectric constant (εr) by enhancing the average ionicity. The x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman analysis results indicate that an appropriate amount of Zn2+–Sn4+ codoping can help improve the microscopic morphology, maintain the appropriate ratio of divalent iron ions, and reduce the microwave magnetic and electrical losses of YIG ferrites. The optimized microwave properties are as follows. Y3Zn0.3Sn0.3Fe4.4O12 after sintering at 1400°C; εr = 15.6; dielectric loss, that is, tanδε = 4.3 × 10−4; saturation magnetization, that is, 4πMS = 2244 G; ferromagnetic resonance linewidth, that is, ΔH = 37 Oe. These properties can help improve the performance of high‐frequency microwave components by enhancing the properties of ferrite.
Responsibility for Future Climate Justice: The Direct Responsibility to Mitigate Structural Injustice for Future Generations
Authors: Keij Daan , van Meurs Boris Robert
Published: July 2023

In this article we argue that duties towards future generations are situated on the collective level and that they should be understood in terms of collective responsibility for structural injustice. In the context of climate change, it seems self‐evident that our moral duties pertain not only to the current generation but to future generations as well. However, conceptualizing this leads to the non‐identity problem: future persons cannot be harmed by present‐day choices because they would not have existed if other choices had been made. Recently, Charlotte Franziska Unruh has proposed a solution that places the duties not on the individual level but on the collective level. The current generation has a responsibility for future generations as a whole. This solution is promising, but we argue that it problematically overlooks the existence of unjust relations within the contemporary collective, as we all contribute differently to bringing future generations into existence. Therefore, we propose to graft Iris Marion Young's Social Connection Model, which is concerned with structural injustice, on to the discussion of responsibility for future generations. Our proposal incorporates the strengths of Unruh's arguments, while also allowing for a differentiated responsibility based on different implications in unjust structures.
Imaging surveillance in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: Ten years of experience with somatostatin receptor positron emission tomography
Authors: Said Maha , Krogh Jesper , Feldt‐Rasmussen Ulla , Rasmussen Åse Krogh , Kristensen Thomas Skaarup , Rossing Caroline Maria , Johannesen Helle Hjorth , Oturai Peter , Holmager Pernille , Kjaer Andreas , Klose Marianne , Langer Seppo , Knigge Ulrich , Andreassen Mikkel
Published: July 2023

Guidelines for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) recommend intensive imaging surveillance without specifying a superior regimen, including the role of somatostatin receptor imaging (SRI) with positron emission tomography (PET). The primary outcomes were to: (1) Assess change in treatment of duodenal‐pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (DP‐NENs), bronchopulmonary NENs, and thymic tumors attributed to use of SRI PET/computed tomography (CT) and (2) estimate radiation from imaging and risk of cancer death attributed to imaging radiation. This was a retrospective single center study, including all MEN1 patients, who had had at least one SRI PET/CT. A total of 60 patients, median age 42 (range 21–54) years, median follow‐up 6 (range 1–10) years were included. Of 470 cross sectional scans (MRI, CT, SRI PET/CT), 209 were SRI PET/CT. The additional information from SRI PET had implications in 1/14 surgical interventions and 2/12 medical interventions. The estimated median radiation dose per patient was 104 (range 51–468) mSv of which PET contributed with 13 (range 5–55) mSv and CT with 91 mSv (range 46–413 mSv), corresponding to an estimated increased median risk of cancer death of 0.5% during 6 years follow‐up. SRI PET had a significant impact on 3/26 decisions to intervene in 60 MEN1 patients followed for a median of 6 years with SRI PET/CT as the most frequently used modality. The surveillance program showed a high radiation dose. Multi‐modality imaging strategies designed to minimize radiation exposure should be considered. Based on our findings, SRI‐PET combined with CT cannot be recommended for routine surveillance in MEN1 patients.
Expression of MyHC‐15 and ‐2x in human muscle spindles: An immunohistochemical study
Authors: Smerdu Vika
Published: July 2023

To build on the existing data on the pattern of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms expression in the human muscle spindles, we aimed to verify whether the ‘novel’ MyHC‐15, ‐2x and ‐2b isoforms are co‐expressed with the other known isoforms in the human intrafusal fibres. Using a set of antibodies, we attempted to demonstrate nine isoforms (15, slow‐tonic, 1, α, 2a, 2x, 2b, embryonic, neonatal) in different regions of intrafusal fibres in the biceps brachii and flexor digitorum profundus muscles. The reactivity of some antibodies with the extrafusal fibres was also tested in the masseter and laryngeal cricothyreoid muscles. In both upper limb muscles, the expression of slow‐tonic isoform was a reliable marker for differentiating positive bag fibres from negative chain fibres. Generally, bag1 and bag2 fibres were distinguished in isoform 1 expression; the latter consistently expressed this isoform over their entire length. Although isoform 15 was not abundantly expressed in intrafusal fibres, its expression was pronounced in the extracapsular region of bag fibres. Using a 2x isoform‐specific antibody, this isoform was demonstrated in the intracapsular regions of some intrafusal fibres, particularly chain fibres. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate 15 and 2x isoforms in human intrafusal fibres. However, whether the labelling with an antibody specific for rat 2b isoform reflects the expression of this isoform in bag fibres and some extrafusal ones in the specialised cranial muscles requires further evaluation. The revealed pattern of isoform co‐expression only partially agrees with the results of previous, more extensive studies. Nevertheless, it may be inferred that MyHC isoform expression in intrafusal fibres varies along their length, across different muscle spindles and muscles. Furthermore, the estimation of expression may also depend on the antibodies utilised, which may also react differently with intrafusal and extrafusal fibres.
Comparison of fetal safety of vaginal Misoprostol tablet and Dinoprostone gel for induction of labor: An open‐label randomized control trial
Authors: Samanta Ajanta , Rakshit Bibek Mohan , Mistri Pallab Kumar , Chakraborty Arup , Bag Tarasankar , Das Piyali , Pande Arindam
Published: July 2023

Aim

In modern obstetrics, need of labor induction is increasing along with increased caesarean deliveries. Major contributions for these operative deliveries are due to induction failure. This demands a potent labor‐inducing agent. Dinoprostone gel is an established method but having some drawbacks. Misoprostol could be an effective alternative to Dinoprostone, but its fetal safety is not yet well established. This study aimed to evaluate the fetal safety of vaginal Misoprostol tablet by measuring fetal heart rate changes during induction of labor.

Methods

This was a single‐center randomized controlled trial incorporating 140 term women, equally randomized to get either tablet Misoprostol or Dinoprostone gel. Fetal heart rate patterns were compared in both the groups by continuous cardiotocographic tracing. All the data were analyzed on an intention‐to‐treat basis.

Results

There were no statistically significant changes in fetal heart rate pattern in both Misoprostol and Dinoprostone groups. Vaginal deliveries were statistically higher in Misoprostol group. Neonatal parameters like 1 min Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration score and neonatal intensive care unit admission were comparable, and there was no significant difference in terms of major adverse events and side effects.

Conclusions

Misoprostol is a safe alternative to Dinoprostone gel for induction of labor and found to be more effective labor‐inducing agent. In the background of higher caesarean rate, vaginal Misoprostol can be a potential labor‐inducing agent especially in a resource poor setting.
The Effect of Simulating the Absence of Benefits on Gratitude: Prior Expectations and Posterior Counterfactual Thinking1,2,3
Authors: Yamamoto Akitomo , Higuchi Masataka
Published: July 2023

Beneficiaries can have prior expectations of not receiving benefits and imagine ex‐post that benefits were not given. The present study examined the preregistered hypothesis that these two kinds of absence simulations increase gratitude. Both Studies 1 and 2 were conducted in a Japanese university. In Study 1, reading a manipulated vignette made participants in the absence simulation condition expect not to receive a benefit, while those in the control condition were made to expect to receive it. In Study 2, after reading a benefit‐receiving vignette, those in the absence simulation condition imagined the situation where they did not receive it, while those in the control condition again imagined receiving it. In both studies, all the participants rated their gratitude for certain fixed benefits in each vignette. Results showed that gratitude in neither of the two absence simulation conditions was higher than that of the respective control conditions, suggesting that simulating the absence of benefits does not increase gratitude.
Leadership moments: Understanding nurse clinician‐scientists' leadership as embedded sociohistorical practices
Authors: Martini Dieke , Noordegraaf Mirko , Schoonhoven Lisette , Lalleman Pieterbas ,   RN2Blend Consortium
Published: July 2023

Nurse clinician‐scientists are increasingly expected to show leadership aimed at transforming healthcare. However, research on nurse clinician‐scientists' leadership (integrating researcher and practitioner roles) is scarce and hardly embedded in sociohistorical contexts. This study introduces leadership moments, that is, concrete events in practices that are perceived as acts of empowerment, in order to understand leadership in the daily work of newly appointed nurse clinician‐scientists. Following the learning history method we gathered data using multiple (qualitative) methods to get close to their daily practices. A document analysis provided us with insight into the history of nursing science to illustrate how leadership moments in the everyday work of nurse clinician‐scientists in the “here and now” can be related to the particular histories from which they emerged. A qualitative analysis led to three acts of empowerment: (1) becoming visible, (2) building networks, and (3) getting wired in. These acts are illustrated with three series of events in which nurse clinician‐scientists' leadership becomes visible. This study contributes to a more socially embedded understanding of nursing leadership, enables us to get a grip on crucial leadership moments, and provides academic and practical starting points for strengthening nurse clinician‐scientists' leadership practices. Transformations in healthcare call for transformed notions of leadership.
BUZZ: an essential gene for postinitiation root hair growth and a mediator of root architecture in Brachypodium distachyon
Authors: Lehman Thiel A. , Rosas Miguel A. , Brew‐Appiah Rhoda A. T. , Solanki Shyam , York Zara B. , Dannay Rachel , Wu Ying , Roalson Eric H. , Zheng Ping , Main Dorrie , Baskin Tobias I. , Sanguinet Karen A.
Published: July 2023

Here, we discover a player in root development. Recovered from a forward‐genetic screen in Brachypodium distachyon, the buzz mutant initiates root hairs but they fail to elongate. In addition, buzz roots grow twice as fast as wild‐type roots. Also, lateral roots show increased sensitivity to nitrate, whereas primary roots are less sensitive to nitrate.

Using whole‐genome resequencing, we identified the causal single nucleotide polymorphism as occurring in a conserved but previously uncharacterized cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK)‐like gene. The buzz mutant phenotypes are rescued by the wild‐type B. distachyon BUZZ coding sequence and by an apparent homolog in Arabidopsis thaliana. Moreover, T‐DNA mutants in A. thaliana BUZZ have shorter root hairs.

BUZZ mRNA localizes to epidermal cells and develops root hairs and, in the latter, partially colocalizes with the NRT1.1A nitrate transporter. Based on qPCR and RNA‐Seq, buzz overexpresses ROOT HAIRLESS LIKE SIX‐1 and ‐2 and misregulates genes related to hormone signaling, RNA processing, cytoskeletal, and cell wall organization, and to the assimilation of nitrate.

Overall, these data demonstrate that BUZZ is required for tip growth after root hair initiation and root architectural responses to nitrate.
Neutrophil‐to‐eosinophil ratio as a biomarker for clinical outcomes in advanced stage melanoma patients treated with anti‐PD‐1 therapy
Authors: Pozorski Vincent , Park Yeonhee , Mohamoud Yusuf , Tesfamichael Dahlia , Emamekhoo Hamid , Birbrair Alexander , Albertini Mark R. , Ma Vincent T.
Published: July 2023

Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratios (NLR) and eosinophil counts are associated with improved survival in melanoma patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors, but no study has investigated neutrophil‐to‐eosinophil ratios (NER) as a predictive indicator in this population. In this retrospective study evaluating anti‐PD‐1 treated patients with advanced melanoma, progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rates (ORR), and risk of high‐grade (grade ≥3) immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) were compared between groups defined by median pretreatment NLR and NER as well as median NLR and NER at 1‐month post‐treatment. Lower baseline NLR and NER were associated with improved OS [HR: 0.504, 95% CI: 0.328–0.773, p = .002 and HR: 0.442, 95% CI: 0.288–0.681, p < .001, respectively] on univariate testing. After accounting for multiple covariates, our multivariate analysis found that lower pretreatment NER was associated with better ORR (by irRECIST) (OR: 2.199, 95% CI: 1.071–4.582, p = .033) and improved OS (HR: 0.480, 95% CI: 0.296–0.777, p = .003). Baseline NLR, 1‐month NLR, and 1‐month NER were not associated with ORR, PFS, or OS outcomes; but 1‐month NER correlated with lower risk of grade ≥3 irAEs (OR: 0.392, 95% CI: 0.165–0.895, p = .029). Our findings suggest baseline NER merits additional investigation as a novel prognostic marker for advanced melanoma patients receiving anti‐PD‐1‐based regimens.
Psychological interventions for interoception in mental health disorders: A systematic review of randomized‐controlled trials
Authors: Heim Nikolas , Bobou Marina , Tanzer Michal , Jenkinson Paul M. , Steinert Christiane , Fotopoulou Aikaterini
Published: July 2023

Disturbed interoception (i.e., the sensing, awareness, and regulation of internal body signals) has been found across several mental disorders, leading to the development of interoception‐based interventions (IBIs). Searching PubMed and PsycINFO, we conducted the first systematic review of randomized‐controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the efficacy of behavioral IBIs at improving interoception and target symptoms of mental disorders in comparison to a non‐interoception‐based control condition [CRD42021297993]. Thirty‐one RCTs fulfilled inclusion criteria. Across all studies, a pattern emerged with 20 (64.5%) RCTs demonstrating IBIs to be more efficacious at improving interoception compared to control conditions. The most promising results were found for post‐traumatic stress disorder, irritable bowel syndrome, fibromyalgia and substance use disorders. Regarding symptom improvement, the evidence was inconclusive. The IBIs were heterogenous in their approach to improving interoception. The quality of RCTs was moderate to good. In conclusion, IBIs are potentially efficacious at improving interoception for some mental disorders. In terms of symptom reduction, the evidence is less promising. Future research on the efficacy of IBIs is needed.
Growing user base in the early stage of sharing economy platforms: An integration of competitive repertoire and institutional legitimacy theories
Authors: Wang Nianxin , Yang Yuxue , Fang Yulin , Li Huifang , Lu Angela
Published: July 2023

Sharing economy platforms are pressed to rapidly grow user bases at the early stage by aggressively targeting potential users through competitive actions. Due to the volatile nature of the sharing economy and its disruption to industry norms, these platforms encounter legitimacy challenges that impede user base growth. This paper integrates competitive repertoire and institutional legitimacy theories to develop a research model that explains early‐stage user base development in the sharing economy. We posit that the early‐stage user base is associated with structural characteristics of the competitive repertoire, whose effects are moderated by a platform's socio‐political legitimation efforts that address stakeholders’ regulatory and normative concerns. Using a comprehensive sample of 4644 monthly observations of 129 sharing economy platforms in China, we find that the volume of two context‐specific competitive actions, offering economic incentives and staging high‐visibility events, along with competitive repertoire complexity, are positively related to the platform's early‐stage user base. We also identify a significant negative relationship between repertoire differentiation and user base. Direct relationships are moderated by socio‐political legitimation, however, such that legitimation weakens the positive impact of context‐specific action volume but enhances those of repertoire complexity and differentiation. Managerial and practical implications are discussed in light of the findings.
Encircling discourses—A guide to critical discourse analysis in caring science
Authors: Dahlborg Elisabeth , Boman Åse , Eriksson Henrik , Tengelin Ellinor
Published: July 2023

Aim

The aim of this article was to introduce Fairclough's critical discourse analysis (CDA) in caring and nursing science, to provide a guide on how to perform such an analysis, and to describe the wider context of discourse epistemology.

Design

The article is designed as a methodological paper, including (a) epistemological roots of discourse analysis, (b) an overview of discourse analytical research within caring and nursing science which points out an increased trend, and (c) a guide to conducting a CDA.

Analysis

It is important that discourse analysis is available and accessible to nursing and caring researchers. Through the process of encircling discourses, valuable insight is given into fields that otherwise would be lost or would not be available.

Conclusion

Our summary stance is that discourse analysis as it is presented in this article is strongly advisable for use in nursing and caring sciences.
Can Political Orientation Explain the Social Structure of Online Aggression? Integrating Social Media and Survey Data
Authors: Stahel Lea , Weingartner Sebastian
Published: July 2023

Are people with lower social status more likely to post aggressive content online? And if yes, can this be explained by people's political views? Some previous attempts to approach these questions have been insufficiently comprehensive and methodologically sound. This study therefore expands the existing literature on online aggression with both a sociologically grounded, theoretical model of the interplay of social and political determinants and an innovative empirical data triangulation design. The study matches behavioral data from a social media platform with survey data providing extensive social and political information about users. Findings suggest that online aggression is more likely among users with an ascribed social status that is associated with power claims (male gender, older age, and national citizenship) and with a disadvantaged achieved social status (lower education, lower incomes, unemployment, and rural residence). Left–right leaning, populism, and trust in institutions can explain between 20 and 40 percent of these structural effects. The results help tailor measures that counter online aggression to specific risk groups.