bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Construction of 15 Kg/Hour Capacity Cocopeat and Cocofiber Machines
Authors: Suparno  , Kurniawan Andri , Setiyawan Ferry Bayu , Setiyadi Risky
Published: March 2024

Indonesia is one of the largest coconut producers, which in turn produces a lot of waste, especially coconut coir waste which can cause flooding if carelessly dumped in the river or carried by flood currents. Coconut coir waste that is no longer used can be reprocessed into a variety of finished and semi-finished products that have a high selling value. These products include coir fiber (Cocofibre), coir powder (Cocopeat), solid coir powder (Cocopeatbrick) cocomesh, cocopot, cocosheet, coco fiber board (CFB) and cococoir. This research aims to plan and design a machine that can process cocofiber into raw materials for its derivative products like making handicrafts such as doormats, etc. In planning and designing this machine, solidwork software and the calculation analysis method of the Sularso Machine Elements book guide were implemented. This machine is equipped with a sieve as an automatic separator between cocopeat and cocofibre in the form of a hexagonal cylinder. The machine produces cocopeat at 15 kg/hour and cocofiber at 5 kg/hour which is more time efficient and more effective compared to the traditional method or the existing similar machine. This study will be beneficial for small and middle-class industries.
Machine Learning Algorithms for Predicting Factitious Disorder Using the Learning Vector Quantization Method
Authors: Samsiana Seta , Arifin Syamsul
Published: March 2024

Factitious disorder is classified as a mental problem because it is related to severe emotional disorders. A person who has factitious disorder intentionally produces symptoms of the disease for the purpose of receiving care and attention in a medical setting. People with Factitious disorder act with the aim of attracting the sympathy and attention of others. Diagnosing factitious disorder is very difficult. The reason is, the sufferer looks fine. The doctor must eliminate any physical and mental illness before confirming the diagnosis of Factitious disorder. Along with the development of machine learning technology. Incorporation of patient data and the use of machine learning technology can help detect the disease. The purpose of this study was to build a system to predict the likelihood of a person being exposed to factual or unrelated disorders with the inputs that the patient entered. The method for diagnosing factitious disorder uses the Learning Vector Quantization method whether a person is a sufferer or not. The data was obtained from the questionnaire using 14 parameters and managed to get data as much as 30 training data. This research resulted in a maximum epoch value of 1000, a learning rate value of 0.1, a learning rate multiplier of 0.1, a minimum learning rate of 0.0001 and a training data of 5. The accuracy result obtained is 70%.
Multi-Angle Facial Recognition: Enhancing Biometric Security with a Broadly Positioned Stereo-Camera System
Authors: Haq Muhamad Amirul , Huy Le Nam Quoc , Ridlwan Muhammad , Naila Ishmatun
Published: March 2024

This study addresses the vulnerabilities of traditional monocular camera-based face recognition systems, emphasizing the need for improved security and reliability in biometric authentication under varying environmental conditions, lighting, and human poses. To counteract the risk of spoofing attacks using masks or static images, we introduce a multi-angle stereo camera system. This system is strategically designed to capture facial imagery from multiple perspectives, thereby enhancing depth perception and spatial accuracy, crucial for high-security authentication. Employing a novel image processing approach, the study integrates a Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) with a simple Boolean operation to differentiate the landmarks detected on each camera. This method exploits CNN’s robust feature extraction capabilities and the effective usage of stereo camera, enabling precise detection and analysis of 3D facial landmarks. Such an approach significantly bolsters the system’s ability to differentiate between genuine faces and deceptive representations like masks or static images. Empirical results demonstrate that the stereo camera configuration substantially improves recognition accuracy, reducing both false positives and negatives, especially in controlled spoofing scenarios. The advanced 3D facial landmark detection further reinforces the system’s security. With its enhanced robustness and security, the developed system shows great potential for applications in areas requiring stringent identity verification, such as banking, public facilities, and smart home technologies.
A Green Infrastructure SDGS Num 11: Approach Planning Design Model Reliability of Permeability and Concrete Quality Rural Roads P3MD Program in Wonogiri
Authors: Ristanto Iwan , Widodo Slamet , Nayono Satoto Endar
Published: March 2024

Design planning permeability and quality of rural concrete road construction work in the Program Pembangunan dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Desa (P3MD) of the Ministry of Villages, Development of Disadvantaged Regions and Transmigration in Wonogiri, which is environmentally friendly in accordance with the sustainable development goals of SDGs Number.11 Villages "Sustainable Cities and Community", is the urgency of global action to reduce the impact of climate change and overcome challenges in developing a village road infrastructure model that is sustainable and leads to Green Infrastructure. Testing the permeability of village road construction materials using a rational classification method based on the Unified Soil Classification System, ASTM and International Nomenclature Darcy’s Law by calculating the input discharge of rainwater seeping into the soil through the pores of road construction using a rational method, testing the compressive strength of concrete roads using Rebound Hammer / Concrete Hammer Test method, SNI Standard 03-4430-1997. The results of the input volume of rainwater seeping into the ground through the pores (run off) of rural roads construction in Wonogiri one year is 724,866 m3. The average compressive strength of concrete roads from the hammer test results for concrete road test is 290 kg/cm2> K-225 kg/cm2, than the desired construction, namely; standard deviation; (S=1.75), coefficient of variation (Kv= 7.35%), indicating that the data taken has a sufficient level of accuracy, while the uniform data is quite representative of the road section studied.
A Central Local Metric Dimension of Generalized Fan Graph, Generalized Broken Fan Graph, and Cm ⊙ K¯m
Authors: Listiana Yuni , Susilowati Liliek , Slamin
Published: March 2024

The central local metric dimension is a new variation of local metric dimension that introduced in 2023. The central local metric dimension is a new concept that enriches research studies in graph theory, especially in the field of metric dimension. This concept combines the concept of local metric dimension by involving central points in the local metric set so that the existence of central points can strengthen the position of the local metric set in distinguishing every two neighboring points in a graph. The methodology of this research is study literature and observation. We find the central vertex of each graph and also find the local metric set of its graph, then we applied it to the related theorem to find the lower bound of central local metric dimension. Let 𝐺 be a connected graph with order 𝑛 and vertex set is 𝑉(𝐺). A subset 𝑊={𝑥1,𝑥2,…,𝑥𝑘}⊆𝑉(𝐺) is a local metric set of graph 𝐺 if the metric code of every two adjacent vertices 𝑢,𝑣 in 𝐺 are 𝑟(𝑢|𝑊)≠𝑟(𝑣|𝑊), where 𝑟(𝑢|𝑊)=(𝑑(𝑢,𝑥1),𝑑(𝑢,𝑥2),…,𝑑(𝑢,𝑥𝑘)) and 𝑟(𝑣|𝑊)=(𝑑(𝑣,𝑥1),𝑑(𝑣,𝑥2),…,𝑑(𝑣,𝑥𝑘)). A vertex 𝑥∈𝑉(𝐺) is a central vertex in 𝐺 if 𝑥 have the the shorthest distance to the another all vertices in 𝐺. If 𝑊 consist of all central vertices in 𝐺, then 𝑊 is called a central local metric set of 𝐺. The minimal cardinality of 𝑊 is called a central basis local set of 𝐺 and its cardinality is called central local metric dimension of 𝐺 or denoted by 𝑙𝑚𝑑𝑠(𝐺). In this paper we explored the central local metric dimension on generalized fan graph, generalized broken fan graph, and a graph resulting from corona operation Cm ⊙ K¯n. The result show that the central local metric dimension of generalized fan graph is equal with its order because the diameter and radius are equal. Different with it, the central local metric dimension of generalized broken fan is equal with its local metric dimension plus cardinality of central set, and the central local metric dimension of Cm ⊙ K¯n are equal with the central local metric dimension of 𝐶𝑚.
Smart Legal: Proposing Artificial Intelligence Application to Provide Free Legal Aid in Indonesia
Authors: Hakim Hary Abdul , Praja Chrisna Bagus Edhita , Setyaningrum Wita , Setiawati Diana
Published: March 2024

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of harnessing Artificial Intelligence (AI) for the provision of free legal aid in Indonesia. The imperative for accessible, dependable, and professional legal aid is recognized as a fundamental right for all individuals, as stipulated by the Indonesian Constitution. Additionally, the state has promulgated legal aid regulations in the form of rules and implementing guidelines, emphasizing the obligation for law enforcers, particularly advocates, to offer free legal assistance to individuals with lower incomes. Employing a literature review methodology, this study draws insights from legal texts, books, journals, and other pertinent sources to analyze the subject comprehensively. The data is qualitatively analyzed and presented descriptively. The findings demonstrate the significant potential of AI to become an integral component in providing sustained and effective free legal aid, particularly in handling large caseloads and enhancing the ability of advocates to uphold public trust. Despite the promising aspects, the study identifies current challenges in the implementation of AI in Indonesia. These challenges include the absence of a legal foundation, a scarcity of human resources, high costs associated with AI deployment, and a general lack of awareness among the public regarding the utilization of AI in the legal profession. Addressing these challenges is crucial to realizing the full potential of AI in advancing the accessibility and quality of free legal aid services in Indonesia.
New Urban Governance in Controlling Public Green Open Spaces in Indonesia
Authors: Sulistyaningsih Tri , Sunarto  , Kulsum Umi
Published: March 2024

This study aims to describe how new urban governance controls public green open spaces in Indonesia. Cities in Indonesia experience an imbalance of public green open space that must be provided. There should be around 20% of the total land area for public green open space. The city of Jakarta still has around 0.07% of available public green open space. While the city of Surabaya is also still available around 16.31%. So that management is needed that must be immediately carried out by various parties including the government, stakeholders, and the community to jointly control public green open spaces provided in urban areas according to predetermined minimum requirements. This study uses a type of qualitative research with the help of Nvivo 12 Plus software to analyze data obtained from secondary data sources. The results of this study indicate that controlling public green open spaces in Indonesia still does not have strong coordination between actors. Multi-level government still often experiences overlapping authorities, unification of goals between stakeholders, the government, and the public who still have different interests.
Landslide susceptibility mapping using the analytical hierarchy process and the Geographic Information System along the Agadir Ida Ou-Tanane province, Morocco
Authors: Machay Fatima , El Moussaoui Said , El Talibi Hajar
Published: March 2024

This study focuses on evaluating the susceptibility to landslides in the Agadir Ida Ou-Tanane province following the significant seismic event on September 8, 2023, employing Geographic Information System (GIS) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The region, characterized by tectonic activity and diverse lithology’s such as clay, limestone, and alluvium, coupled with steep slopes, is inherently prone to landslides. Utilizing the AHP methodology, we integrate ten factors influencing landslide vulnerability: lithology, slope, earthquakes zone, rainfall, land cover (LULC), distance from faults, hypsometry, drainage, distance from road, and aspect to map susceptible areas effectively. Pairwise comparison matrices and expert assessments were employed to establish the relative significance of these factors, with the reliability of judgments evaluated through the calculation of the consistency ratio (CR). The resulting map depicting landslide susceptibility illustrates a spatial continuum from very low to very high susceptibility areas. Given the active tectonic setting of the region, lithology and slope emerge as the predominant factors influencing susceptibility. Model validation was conducted using observed landslide occurrences, enhancing the applicability of this mapping for land-use planning and risk management purposes.
Morocco’s Atlantic coast: Exploring and discovering sites at high risk of marine erosion
Authors: Naji El Miloudiya , Aberkan M’hamed , Saadane Abderrahim
Published: March 2024

Morocco's Atlantic coastline stretches from Tangier to Lagouira over a distance of around 3,000 km. It displays considerable geomorphological diversity depending on the structural domains, the nature and age of the terrain adjacent to the coastal profile, and even the degree of human covetousness and activity. In addition to a wealth of climato-eustatic records, coastal sedimentary dynamics, and prehistoric seismicity, there is evidence of an alarming retreat of the shoreline at sites such as Larache, Rabat, Safi, and Agadir. A project to research and map vulnerable sites with a view to forecasting risks in the field of coastal zone development is needed to avoid the dangers of marine aggression, which is likely to be amplified by extreme climate change and anthropogenic action in the context of increasingly strong littoralization.
Contribution of two-dimensional modelling in assessing marine submersion risks: A study of the Saidia-Cap de l'Eau and Al Hoceima Bay coastlines
Authors: Amarjouf Najat , Afif Hafssa , Ramdani Smahane , Ettajrini Oussama , Ben Chaib Hamza , Oujidi Mostafa
Published: March 2024

The onset of climate change is exacerbating sea level rise and intensifying storms, leading to increased coastal degradation, notably in the form of coastal erosion. This represents a global phenomenon, and the coastlines of Al Hoceima Province and Saidia-Cap de l'Eau in the Mediterranean are no exceptions. The primary objectives of this study include the following: 1) to utilise Geographic Information Systems (ArcGIS) for simulating marine submersion phenomena along the Al Hoceima Bay and Saidia-Cap de l'Eau coastlines, 2) to employ two-dimensional modelling using Iber 2D software for a more nuanced understanding of marine submersion, and 3) to map the marine submersion risk in these areas. Our findings indicate that the areas most at risk from marine submersion are the low-lying sandy beaches in both study areas.
Coastal inundation deposit in the fluvial plain of Oued Mlaleh (Tangier Bay, Morocco)
Authors: Tichli Soufiane , Idrissi Mohamed Janati , Khalfaoui Otmane , Dezileau Laurent , Aboumaria Khadija
Published: March 2024

When it comes to natural disasters, tsunamis stand out for their destructive nature, leaving their mark on landscapes and human history. The tsunami of 1755 BCE is a major historical event that struck the countries around the Gulf of Cadix, inflicting significant damage to infrastructure and resulting in substantial human casualties. This study investigates a coastal inundation deposit located in the fluvial plain of Oued Mlaleh (Tangier Bay, northern Morocco). The Holocene sequence is studied using a multiproxy approach, involving sedimentological, morphoscopic, and micropaleontological analyses. These analyses collectively provide strong evidence of a high-energy event.
Speciation of Sedimentary Phosphorus in an Urban Wetland: The Case of El Oulfa Pound. Casablanca, Morocco
Authors: Nachchach Badr , Jounaid Halima , Taoufik Mohammed , Chakri Nihad , Elamrani Btissam , Dialo Wandé
Published: March 2024

Eutrophication remains a major concern for the quality of surface waters worldwide. This phenomenon significantly restricts water usage. The El Oulfa pond, located in Casablanca, is experiencing advanced eutrophication primarily caused by domestic wastewater discharge. Despite the cessation of these discharges and the implementation of an aeration system coupled with biological treatment, physicochemical analyses of the water body have shown an increase in phosphorus levels. This situation suggests a sedimentary origin for this nutrient, considered a limiting factor in eutrophication. This study aims to determine the various fractions of sedimentary phosphorus and their involvement in the eutrophication of the pond, using sequential chemical extraction according to Golterman. This sequential extraction revealed that the bioavailable phosphorus bound to organic matter (ASOP) represents 60.45% of the total phosphorus. Regarding mineral phosphorus, the fraction bound to calcium (CaCO3-P) is the most dominant, while the bioavailable fraction bound to iron (P-Fe) accounts for only 1.63% of the total phosphorus.
Assessment of groundwater quality in the region of Hjar Nhal for safe drinking water purposes
Authors: Lahkim-Bennani Mohamed-Amine , Bennani Mouad Lahkim , Afilal Haitam , Tribak Abdelghani Afailal
Published: March 2024

This study assesses the groundwater quality in the vicinity of the newly established landfill site in the city of Tangier. A total of 8 wells and 2 water sources within a 2-kilometer radius of the landfill were sampled for analysis. The selection of sampling sites was carefully executed, taking into consideration the flow direction and elevation in the study area to ensure representative results. The study focused on the analysis of 11 physicochemical parameters to evaluate the suitability of the groundwater for drinking and irrigation purposes. Notably, the pH measurements at various points (S1, S2, P4, P7, P8) consistently fell within the WHO's recommended range of 6.5-8.5 for safe drinking water. Conductivity values (μS/cm) were well below the limit of 1000 μS/cm at each location, indicating low levels of dissolved ions. Additionally, the TDS levels (ppm) did not exceed the WHO limit of 500 ppm, further confirming water quality that meets international standards. These findings provide valuable insights into the groundwater quality for safe drinking water and irrigation purposes in the area. The results contribute to informed decision-making and sustainable water resource management practices, ensuring the preservation of local water resources in the context of the landfill's environmental impact.
Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention nicht-übertragbarer Erkrankungen
durch Gesundheitsämter in Baden-Württemberg während der COVID-19-Pandemie –
Ergebnisse einer Onlinebefragung
Authors: Siegel Achim , Hesmert Daniela , Mangold Jasmin , Klein Anika , Häske David , Wössner Sofie , Rieger Monika A , Joos Stefanie , Mahler Cornelia
Published: March 2024

Ziel der Studie Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention zählen zu den
Kernaufgaben des Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes (ÖGD), insbesondere der
Gesundheitsämter. Kaum bekannt ist, in welchem Ausmaß die Gesundheitsämter
Aktivitäten im Bereich Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention nicht-übertragbarer
Erkrankungen (G&PnüE) während der COVID-19-Pandemie fortführen konnten. Am
Beispiel der Gesundheitsämter in Baden-Württemberg (BW) untersuchten wir daher,
wie viel Personal den Ämtern für G&PnüE planmäßig zur Verfügung stand und
wie viel Personal während der COVID-19-Pandemie tatsächlich für G&PnüE
eingesetzt wurde, welche G&PnüE-Aktivitäten während der Pandemie
durchgeführt wurden, welche zurückgestellt wurden und welche davon – nach
Meinung der Ämter – vorrangig wiederaufgenommen werden sollten.

Methodik Für die Befragung der 38 Ämter in BW entwickelten wir einen
teilstandardisierten Online-Fragebogen. Pro Amt sollte ein Fragebogen ausgefüllt
werden. Die Befragungen fanden vom 1.9. - 4.11.2022 statt. Die Daten dieser
explorativen Querschnittstudie wurden deskriptiv-statistisch mit dem Programm
SPSS (Version 28) ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Von den 38 Gesundheitsämtern nahmen 34 an der Befragung teil
(89%). Die Ämter verfügten lt. Plan im Mittel über 2,44 Vollkräfte für
G&PnüE (Median 2,00; SD 1,41; Range 0,20–5,00). Unter Pandemiebedingungen
wurden im Mittel 1,23 Vollkräfte für G&PnüE eingesetzt (Median 0,95; SD
1,24; Range 0,00–4,50). Die Befragten nannten beispielhaft
61 G&PnüE-Aktivitäten, die unter Pandemiebedingungen durchgeführt wurden,
und sie beschrieben 69 G&PnüE-Aktivitäten, die zurückgestellt werden
mussten. Von letzteren sollten 40 nach Meinung der Befragten mit höchster
Priorität wiederaufgenommen werden. Die Analyse dieser vordringlich
wiederaufzunehmenden Aktivitäten zeigt charakteristische Unterschiede: So wurde
z. B. die Wiederaufnahme verhältnispräventiver Aktivitäten relativ häufiger als
vordringlich angesehen als die Wiederaufnahme verhaltenspräventiver
Aktivitäten.

Schlussfolgerungen Während der Pandemie setzten die befragten Ämter im
Mittel nur die Hälfte ihrer für G&PnüE vorgesehenen Vollkräfte für
G&PnüE ein. Vergleicht man verschiedene Kategorien von (während der Pandemie
zurückgestellten) G&PnüE-Aktivitäten hinsichtlich der relativen Häufigkeit,
mit der diese vordringlich wiederaufgenommen werden sollten, lassen sich
charakteristische Unterschiede feststellen. Offen bleibt, welche Schlüsse aus
diesen Unterschieden zu ziehen sind.
An Observational Study on Cosmetics Use-related Adverse Effects:
Cosmetovigilance Need of the Day
Authors: Mehta Geetika , Tyagi Daksh Raj , Sachdeva Monika , Tripathi Rashmi , Tyagi Himanshu
Published: March 2024

Introduction The pursuit of aesthetic attractiveness and increased
awareness have contributed significantly to the growth of the cosmetic industry.
However, it is crucial to recognize that even the minimal use of cosmetics may
have harmful consequences for both the overall well-being and the broader
community, an issue that has yet to be adequately recognized or addressed.

Objective This study is aimed at providing insights into the usage pattern
of consumer behavior regarding skin care products and to assess the prevalence
and determinants of cosmetic-related adverse events among the general
populace.

Materials and Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was carried
out for four months in a satellite city of the National Capital Region (NCR) of
India. The data from 435 respondents was collected using a self-administered
questionnaire and analyzed using frequencies and percentages.

Results Among 435 participants, 32.9% experienced one or more adverse
effects owing to the use of skincare products; the prevalence was higher in
females (36.3%). Hair loss, allergies, and dry skin were the most frequently
reported adverse effects. The majority of the adverse reactions were reported
with soap (21%), followed by shampoo (17%). The gender-wise difference between
adverse effects of skin care products was found to be statistically
significant.

Conclusion To improve the system’s efficiency, a comprehensive review of
the current regulatory protocols for cosmetics is crucial. Additionally, it is
essential to widely disseminate information on Cosmetovigilance and promote the
reporting of any adverse effects of cosmetics within the community; this is the
demand of the present time.
The Effects of Nasal Septal Deviation on Anterior Skull Base Parameters
Authors: Çufalı Şeyda Akbal , Çetin Mehmet Ali , Kum Nurcan Yurtsever , Karakurt Süleyman Emre
Published: March 2024

Introduction Functional endoscopic sinus surgery and endoscopic skull base surgery are frequently performed surgeries today. Nasal septal deviation is a common finding and can affect the surgical area. Therefore, it is important to examine the effect of this deviation on other anatomical structures.

Objectıve The aim of the present study was to determine whether there is a relationship between the degree of nasal septal deviation and anterior skull base structures using computed tomography (CT).

Methods A total of 312 patients (aged 18 to 65 years old) whose paranasal sinus CT images were available were included in the study. Measurements were obtained on images retrieved from Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) and Horos image archive systems in the bone window in the coronal and axial plane.

Results The mean age of 312 patients was 33.00 years old (standard deviation [SD] 11.22 years). The presence of septal deviation was not associated with changes in olfactory fossa (OF) depths, Keros degrees, and the angle between the lateral lamella and the cribriform lamella. However, OF depths and Keros degrees on the deviated side of the septum were found to change at a significant level (p < 0.05). No significant association was observed between the degree of septal deviation and cribriform lamella-lateral lamella angle.

Conclusion The study showed significantly increased OF depth and Keros degree on the deviated side of the nasal septum. Performing CT scans before endoscopic sinus surgery and endoscopic skull base surgery is important to increase the chances of a successful surgical outcome and to reduce complications.
Active Bone Conduction Implant and Adhesive Bone Conduction Device: A Comparison of Audiological Performance and Subjective Satisfaction
Authors: Di Gregorio Maria Fernanda , Der Carolina , Bravo-Torres Sofia , Zernotti Mario Emilio
Published: March 2024

Introduction Atresia of the external auditory canal affects 1 in every 10 thousand to 20 thousand live births, with a much higher prevalence in Latin America, at 5 to 21 out of every 10 thousand newborns. The treatment involves esthetic and functional aspects. Regarding the functional treatment, there are surgical and nonsurgical alternatives like spectacle frames and rigid and softband systems. Active transcutaneous bone conduction implants (BCIs) achieve good sound transmission and directly stimulate the bone.

Objective To assess the audiological performance and subjective satisfaction of children implanted with an active transcutaneous BCI for more than one year and to compare the outcomes with a nonsurgical adhesive bone conduction device (aBCD) in the same users.

Methods The present is a prospective, multicentric study. The audiological performance was evaluated at 1, 6, and 12 months postactivation, and after a 1-month trial with the nonsurgical device.

Results Ten patients completed all tests. The 4-frequency pure-tone average (4PTA) in the unaided condition was of 65 dB HL, which improved significantly to 20 dB HL after using the BCI for 12 months. The speech recognition in quiet in the unaided condition was of 33% on average, which improved significantly, to 99% with the BCI, and to 91% with the aBCD.

Conclusion The aBCD demonstrated sufficient hearing improvement and subjective satisfaction; thus, it is a good solution for hearing rehabilitation if surgery is not desired or not possible. If surgery is an option, the BCI is the superior device in terms of hearing outcomes, particularly background noise and subjective satisfaction.
Exploring excitement counterbalanced by concerns towards AI technology using a descriptive-prescriptive data processing method
Authors: Oprea Simona-Vasilica , Bâra Adela
Published: March 2024

Given the current pace of technological advancement and its pervasive impact on society, understanding public sentiment is essential. The usage of AI in social media, facial recognition, and driverless cars has been scrutinized using the data collected by a complex survey. To extract insights from data, a descriptive-prescriptive hybrid data processing method is proposed. It includes graphical visualization, cross-tabulation to identify patterns and correlations, clustering using K-means, principal component analysis (PCA) enabling 3D cluster representation, analysis of variance (ANOVA) of clusters, and forecasting potential leveraged by Random Forest to predict clusters. Three well-separated clusters with a silhouette score of 0.828 provide the profile of the respondents. The affiliation of a respondent to a particular cluster is assessed by an F1 score of 0.99 for the test set and 0.98 for the out-of-sample set. With over 5000 respondents answering over 120 questions, the dataset reveals interesting opinions and concerns regarding AI technologies that have to be handled to facilitate AI acceptance and adoption. Its findings have the potential to shape meaningful dialog and policy, ensuring that the evolution of technology aligns with the values and needs of the people.
Local spectral optimisation for Robin problems with negative boundary parameter on quadrilaterals
Authors: Larsen-Scott James , Clutterbuck Julie
Published: March 2024

We investigate the Robin eigenvalue problem for the Laplacian with negative boundary parameter on quadrilateral domains of fixed area. In this paper, we prove that the square is a local maximiser of the first eigenvalue with respect to the Hausdorff metric. We also provide asymptotic results relating to the optimality of the square for extreme values of the Robin parameter.
Effects of the geometrical parameters on rectification characteristics of convergence angle throttle orifice plates
Authors: Li Naian , Luo Lei , Wan Shengjun , Du Wei , Zhang Shangyi
Published: March 2024

Under severe operating conditions, the conventional porous plates are rendered ineffective in rectifying the spiral turbulence generated during the steam flow and pressure adjustment process by the primary pressure-reducing valve (PPRV). To address this limitation, an innovative throttle plate with a convergent angle structure is proposed based on the conventional uniformly distributed porous plate in this study. The design aims to rectify the spiral turbulence generated after PPRV and elucidate its formation mechanism. However, there is currently no clear understanding or reliable prediction method for the pressure loss coefficient due to various structural factors influencing the rectification characteristics and pressure drop properties of the converging angle structure throttle orifice plate. This lack of knowledge severely hampers practical applications of this new plate in pressure-reducing desuperheating devices. To address this issue, the present study investigates the underlying mechanisms governing the rectification characteristics and flow resistance properties of a throttle orifice plate with a converging angle structure through experimental investigations and numerical simulations. The focus is on geometric parameters including the converging angle (θ), orifice diameter (d), throttle diameter ratio (β), and plate thickness (h). The findings suggest that the incorporation of a converging angle structure throttle orifice plate is advantageous in achieving effective rectification of spiral turbulence in the secondary pressure pipeline of the pressure-reducing desuperheating device. This modification reduces the required channel distance for enhancing unstable flow, diminishes velocity non-uniformity, and augments the rectification and control capabilities of the medium.
Analysis of the interaction of a shock with two square bubbles containing different gases
Authors: Singh Raagvendra , Kalluri Abhishek M. , Suman V. K. , Kumar Rakesh
Published: March 2024

The shock–bubble interaction problem remains of interest to researchers to study shock accelerated in-homogeneous flows and the Richtmyer–Meshkov instability. In the present work, simulations have been performed using the high-order Direct Flux Reconstruction scheme to study such interactions when a Mach 1.22 shock is incident on two configurations: one in which a helium bubble is in front of SF6, and, the other in which SF6 is in front of helium; in both cases, the ambient gas is nitrogen. High-order schemes are often preferred for such cases since these interactions usually involve small-scale flow features that are better resolved using high-order methods. When helium is in front of SF6, the helium bubble traverses along the initial horizontal surface of the SF6 and nitrogen, and with time, moves ahead of SF6. There are no regions of pure helium for this case at later stages. When SF6 is placed in front of helium, a separation of helium takes place in two parts, one of which mixes with SF6 while the other remains mostly pure even at later stages. A jet of nitrogen can also be seen moving at very high speeds, penetrating the region of pure helium.
Numerical investigation of fluid flowing through rough fractures subject to shear
Authors: Zhu Qiang , Yin Qian , Xiong Feng , Jing Hongwen , Pu Hai , Zhu Chun
Published: March 2024

Comprehending fluid flow in rock masses is essential for modern underground engineering, including chemical energy extraction, nuclear pollutant remediation, and hydrocarbon utilization, complicated by shear-induced and surface roughness effects in fractures. This study employed numerical simulations to investigate the fluid flow behavior in fractures with different surface roughness under shear, where the shear direction is perpendicular to the flow direction. The nonlinear flow of the fluid is observed to have a strong correlation with the confining pressure (Pz), roughness (JRC), and shear displacement (u). The generation of eddy currents is frequently linked to the presence of flow channel intricacies and the velocity of flow at a microscopic scale. The Forchheimer equation could describe the process of nonlinear phenomena accentuation very well. The fracture under Pz caused a reduction in hydraulic transmissivity (T) due to compression. Furthermore, the T changes dramatically as the shear process progresses. Based on the analysis of the Forchheimer coefficient (β) and critical Reynolds number (Rec) parameters used to determine the response of nonlinear flow, it appears that an increase in Pz facilitates the transition of the fluid into a nonlinear flow state. Conversely, shearing has the opposite effect and reduces the tendency toward nonlinear flow.
The electrohydrodynamic enhancement of heat transfer on interdigitated electrodes by a charge injection pump
Authors: Gao Xue-Lin , Bao Xing-Dong , Pang Song-Jian , Wu Jian , Luo Kang , Yi Hong-Liang
Published: March 2024

Electrohydrodynamic pumps, as a representative type of nonmechanical pump, have received significant research attention due to their inherent advantages of having no moving parts and low power consumption. In particular, the planar charge injection pump has exhibited superior fluid driving performance, making it highly promising for applications in microscale flow driving and chip cooling. A sandwich structure pump with multiple pairs of planar interdigitated electrodes is numerically studied in this paper. The interaction of the flow, thermal, and electric fields is analyzed using the lattice Boltzmann method under different pump configurations, governing parameters, and convection mechanisms. The results reveal that the geometric configurations of the planar interdigitated electrodes have direct effects on the pumping performance and heat transfer rate. Specifically, an optimal configuration is achieved when the width of the collector is twice that of the emitter under two-pair electrode simulation conditions. More interestingly, competition between electric and thermal effects is observed, and the optimal threshold for heat transfer is found at an electric Rayleigh number of T = 300 for the considered cases. Finally, the interaction of the electric and thermal fields induces periodic oscillations. The single-vortex mechanism exhibits the longest oscillation period and inhibits heat transfer, while the multi-vortex mechanism has the shortest oscillation period and enhances heat transfer.
Turbulence calculation based on the extended Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Tan Shanwen , Li Zhenggui , Li Wangxu
Published: March 2024

In this study, phenomenological observations and the Kreuer interpretation of the origin of viscosity were used to develop a computational method for solving the turbulence problem of incompressible viscous Newtonian fluids based on extended Navier–Stokes (N–S) equations. The shear process in fluid flow was hypothesized to be accompanied by eddy formation, and the effects of eddies on the convection and diffusion were considered. The classical N–S equations were improved to obtain extended N–S equations. The extended equations are closed, and the sources of the velocity fluctuations are explicitly considered to be additional convection and diffusion. The extended equations are compatible with the classical N–S equations; thus, they can describe laminar and turbulent flows in a unified manner. In fluid flow simulations, the equations describing the mean flow quantities could be directly obtained from the extended N–S equations without any additional turbulence models. A numerical investigation was carried out to verify the extended equations by exploring the flow over a cube placed in a channel. The simulation results were compared with both the large eddy simulation and experimental results.
Shock-induced supersonic combustion with a streamwise vortex
Authors: Iwabayashi Nanaka , Matsushita Kei , Okada Shogo , Hiejima Toshihiko
Published: March 2024

Two hypermixer fuel-injector struts, which can induce streamwise vortices in the middle of a combustor, are used to investigate numerically how the difference of vortex circulation affects the interaction of a streamwise vortex with shock-induced combustion at a Mach number of 3.5. Hydrogen fuel is injected into a combustor at a jet Mach number of 1.5 from the rear of the struts. The separation-restraint (SR) struts used here are SR1 and SR2 with a smaller vortex circulation. Supersonic combustion starts at the point where the reflected oblique-shock waves impinge on the streamwise vortex, and the formed streamwise vortex interacts with the reflected shock waves twice. Although weak vortex breakdowns occur due to the second shock interaction for both struts, strong breakdown that occurs as a result of the first shock interaction appears only in the case of SR1. In terms of vortex breakdown connected with combustion, our results demonstrate that high pressure rises occur close to the vortex breakdown, which can be identified by the integrated helicity, the enstrophy calculated by subtracting the streamwise component, and the occurrence of the subsonic region. In addition, we found that the combustion efficiency of SR2 without strong vortex breakdown was higher than that of SR1. This can be understood by dividing the cross section perpendicular to the main flow into two distinct regions, namely the strut region and the outside region. Although there was little difference in the efficiency calculated on the strut region including the vortex, between the two struts, SR2 was found to be more efficient in the outside region. Therefore, circulation could significantly influence combustion with a streamwise vortex using hypermixer struts.
Whose scat is that? Determining recognition of predator scat by Australian mammals
Authors: Edwards M. C. , Hoy J. M. , FitzGibbon S. I. , Murray P. J.
Published: March 2024

Introduced predators have been implicated in the extinction or range reduction of many Australian species, potentially due to native wildlife exhibiting prey naivety. We used traps with predator faeces present, monitored by camera traps, to determine if Australian mammals responded to native and introduced predator faeces. The presence of either faeces did not influence the trap or camera captures of any species.
Intergenomic signatures of coevolution between Tasmanian devils and an infectious cancer
Authors: Gallinson Dylan G. , Kozakiewicz Christopher P. , Rautsaw Rhett M. , Beer Marc A. , Ruiz-Aravena Manuel , Comte Sebastien , Hamilton David G. , Kerlin Douglas H. , McCallum Hamish I. , Hamede Rodrigo , Jones Menna E. , Storfer Andrew , McMinds Ryan , Margres Mark J.
Published: March 2024

Coevolution is common and frequently governs host–pathogen interaction outcomes. Phenotypes underlying these interactions often manifest as the combined products of the genomes of interacting species, yet traditional quantitative trait mapping approaches ignore these intergenomic interactions. Devil facial tumor disease (DFTD), an infectious cancer afflicting Tasmanian devils (
Sarcophilus harrisii
), has decimated devil populations due to universal host susceptibility and a fatality rate approaching 100%. Here, we used a recently developed joint genome-wide association study (i.e., co-GWAS) approach, 15 y of mark-recapture data, and 960 genomes to identify intergenomic signatures of coevolution between devils and DFTD. Using a traditional GWA approach, we found that both devil and DFTD genomes explained a substantial proportion of variance in how quickly susceptible devils became infected, although genomic architectures differed across devils and DFTD; the devil genome had fewer loci of large effect whereas the DFTD genome had a more polygenic architecture. Using a co-GWA approach, devil–DFTD intergenomic interactions explained ~3× more variation in how quickly susceptible devils became infected than either genome alone, and the top genotype-by-genotype interactions were significantly enriched for cancer genes and signatures of selection. A devil regulatory mutation was associated with differential expression of a candidate cancer gene and showed putative allele matching effects with two DFTD coding sequence variants. Our results highlight the need to account for intergenomic interactions when investigating host–pathogen (co)evolution and emphasize the importance of such interactions when considering devil management strategies.
Onscreen presence of instructors in video lectures affects learners’ neural synchrony and visual attention during multimedia learning
Authors: Gu Chanyuan , Peng Yingying , Nastase Samuel A. , Mayer Richard E. , Li Ping
Published: March 2024

COVID-19 forced students to rely on online learning using multimedia tools, and multimedia learning continues to impact education beyond the pandemic. In this study, we combined behavioral, eye-tracking, and neuroimaging paradigms to identify multimedia learning processes and outcomes. College students viewed four video lectures including slides with either an onscreen human instructor, an animated instructor, or no onscreen instructor. Brain activity was recorded via fMRI, visual attention was recorded via eye-tracking, and learning outcome was assessed via post-tests. Onscreen presence of instructor, compared with no instructor presence, resulted in superior post-test performance, less visual attention on the slide, more synchronized eye movements during learning, and higher neural synchronization in cortical networks associated with socio-emotional processing and working memory. Individual variation in cognitive and socio-emotional abilities and intersubject neural synchronization revealed different levels of cognitive and socio-emotional processing in different learning conditions. The instructor-present condition evoked increased synchronization, likely reflecting extra processing demands in attentional control, working memory engagement, and socio-emotional processing. Although human instructors and animated instructors led to comparable learning outcomes, the effects were due to the dynamic interplay of information processing vs. attentional distraction. These findings reflect a benefit–cost trade-off where multimedia learning outcome is enhanced only when the cognitive benefits motivated by the social presence of onscreen instructor outweigh the cognitive costs brought about by concurrent attentional distraction unrelated to learning.
The long-term expansion and recession of human populations
Authors: Freeman Jacob , Robinson Erick , Bird Darcy , Hard Robert J. , Mauldin Raymond P. , Anderies John M.
Published: March 2024

Over the last 12,000 y, human populations have expanded and transformed critical earth systems. Yet, a key unresolved question in the environmental and social sciences remains: Why did human populations grow and, sometimes, decline in the first place? Our research builds on 20 y of archaeological research studying the deep time dynamics of human populations to propose an explanation for the long-term growth and stability of human populations. Innovations in the productive capacity of populations fuels exponential-like growth over thousands of years; however, innovations saturate over time and, often, may leave populations vulnerable to large recessions in their well-being and population density. Empirically, we find a trade-off between changes in land use that increase the production and consumption of carbohydrates, driving repeated waves of population growth over thousands of years, and the susceptibility of populations to large recessions due to a lag in the impact of humans on resources. These results shed light on the long-term drivers of human population growth and decline.
Band gap opening of metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes via noncovalent symmetry breaking
Authors: Mastrocinque Francesco , Bullard George , Alatis James A. , Albro Joseph A. , Nayak Animesh , Williams Nicholas X. , Kumbhar Amar , Meikle Hope , Widel Zachary X. W. , Bai Yusong , Harvey Alexis K. , Atkin Joanna M. , Waldeck David H. , Franklin Aaron D. , Therien Michael J.
Published: March 2024

Covalent bonding interactions determine the energy–momentum (
E
–
k
) dispersion (band structure) of solid-state materials. Here, we show that noncovalent interactions can modulate the
E
–
k
dispersion near the Fermi level of a low-dimensional nanoscale conductor. We demonstrate that low energy band gaps may be opened in metallic carbon nanotubes through polymer wrapping of the nanotube surface at fixed helical periodicity. Electronic spectral, chiro-optic, potentiometric, electronic device, and work function data corroborate that the magnitude of band gap opening depends on the nature of the polymer electronic structure. Polymer dewrapping reverses the conducting-to-semiconducting phase transition, restoring the native metallic carbon nanotube electronic structure. These results address a long-standing challenge to develop carbon nanotube electronic structures that are not realized through disruption of π conjugation, and establish a roadmap for designing and tuning specialized semiconductors that feature band gaps on the order of a few hundred meV.
Unifying fluidic excretion across life from cicadas to elephants
Authors: Challita Elio J. , Bhamla M. Saad
Published: March 2024

Can insects weighing mere grams challenge our current understanding of fluid dynamics in urination, jetting fluids like their larger mammalian counterparts? Current fluid urination models, predominantly formulated for mammals, suggest that jetting is confined to animals over 3 kg, owing to viscous and surface tension constraints at microscales. Our findings defy this paradigm by demonstrating that cicadas—weighing just 2 g—possess the capability for jetting fluids through remarkably small orifices. Using dimensional analysis, we introduce a unifying fluid dynamics scaling framework that accommodates a broad range of taxa, from surface-tension-dominated insects to inertia and gravity-reliant mammals. This study not only refines our understanding of fluid excretion across various species but also highlights its potential relevance in diverse fields such as ecology, evolutionary biology, and biofluid dynamics.