bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CERAMIC ASSEMBLAGES OF THE FUNA CASTLE IN THE SOUTHERN CRIMEA: COLLECTION OF VESSELS FROM CESSPOOLS
Authors: Тесленко И.Б.
Published: February 2022

Крепость Фуна является одним из ключевых памятников для изучения фортификационного зодчества Северного Причерноморья XV в. Планомерные археологические раскопки памятника проводились с 1980 г. в течение 11 полевых сезонов. К настоящему времени в деталях изучена строительная история и воссоздан архитектурный облик крепостного ансамбля Фуны, однако полная публикация материалов его раскопок остаётся актуальной. Наиболее яркие археологические комплексы относятся к завершающему этапу жизни крепости — 1459—1475 гг. Среди прочих внимание привлекают два объекта инфраструктуры замка — резервуары для сбора нечистот из уборной донжона и общественного туалета близ казармы. Несмотря на своё специфическое предназначение, они оказались насыщенными керамическим материалом, среди которого встречается как простая кухонно- столовая посуда, так и красочно декорированные поливные изделия местного производства, в том числе с монограммой владельца замка принца Александра, а также импортные сосуды из Испании и предположительно Анатолии. Их детальному анализу посвящена настоящая статья.

The Funa fortress is one of the key sites for the study of the 15th c. fortification architecture of the Northern Black Sea Region. The archaeological excavations were carried out there during 11 field seasons from 1980 till 1995. To date, the history of construction has been studied in detail and the architecture of the fortress ensemble has been recreated. However, the publication of materials from excavation of the site is still an actual question. The richest archaeological assemblages relate to the final stage of the fortress's life — 1459—1475. Cesspools of the donjon and of the public toilet near the barracks drew attention among others. They were full of ceramic material despite their specific functions. There are 1 two-handed jug, 3 kitchen pots, 2 of which are imported, 1 small goblet and 24 glazed bowls among the finds that were partially or fully reconstructed. The most of glazed ceramics are the local plain and sgraffito wares, two of which were decorated with the monogram of Prince Alexander, the owner of the castle. Three bowls are imported from Spain and, presumably, Anatolia. A detailed analysis of these findings is represented in the proposed study.
Reduced Adverbial Clause In English
Authors: Rakhmasari Dwi Lia
Published: February 2022

Human cannot communicate with one another without language. Good language will affect the effectiveness of the information delivery. Using a good adverb clause is one of effective sentence example. However, the continuous use of adverb clauses will also create redundancies in the delivery of information. Therefore, it is necessary to have a variety of uses of adverb clauses, one of which is the use of reducing adverb clauses. This research provides a description of what elements that can be reduced in the Reduced Adverbial Clause and what changes that occurs in Reduced Adverbial Clause after the reduction process is carried out. The data of this research is collected from corpus with note-taking technique. This study uses qualitative methods with interactive techniques. Interactive technique covers three components, namely data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. This research found that adverbial clause can be reduces as long as it has the same subject. Elements that can be reduced in adverbial clause are subject, subject and auxiliary, and conjunction. The changes of reduced clause can be in the form of present participle, past participle, and clause without subject and auxiliaries.
Keywords: Reduced Adverbial Clause, Language, Adverbial Clause
“Kesejahteraan Sosial Islami” Sebuah Pemikiran Ekonomi Islam Imam Al-Ghazali
Authors: Kusjuniati Kusjuniati
Published: February 2022

AbstrakPemikiran sosioekonomi Al-Ghazali berakar dari sebuah konsep yang dia sebut sebagai fungsi kesejahteraan sosial islami. Seluruh karya Al-Ghazali memiliki konsep maslahat atau kesejahteraan sosial atau utilitas (kebaikan bersama). Imam Al-Ghazali mengidentifikasi semua masalah baik yang berupa masalih ( utilitas, manfaat ) maupun mafasid (disutilitas, kerusakan) dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan sosial. Kesejahteraan (maslahah) dari suatu masyarakat tergantung kepada pencarian dan pemeliharaan lima tujuan dasar, yakni agama(al- dien), hidup atau jiwa (nafs), keluarga atau keturunan (nasl), harta atau kekayaan (mal) dan intelek atau akal (aql). Al-Ghazali menitikberatkan bahwa sesuai tuntuan wahyu, tujuan utama kehidupan umat manusia adalah untuk mencapai kebaikan di dunia dan di akhirat (maslahat al-din wa al-dunya) Kelima kebutuhan tersebut tidak akan terpenuhi dengan baik bila orientasi semua orang hanya terfokus pada kehidupan akhirat. Oleh karenanya melakukan aktivitas ekonomi merupakan sebuah keharusan bagi setiap orang bila mereka menginginkan keselamatan baik di dunia maupun akhirat.
AbstractAl-Ghazali's socioeconomic thinking has its roots in a concept which he calls an Islamic social welfare function. All of Al-Ghazali's works have the concept of maslahat or social welfare or utility (the common good). Imam Al-Ghazali identified all the problems in the form of masalih (utility, benefits) and mafasid (disutility, damage) in improving social welfare. The welfare ( maslahah) of a society depends on the search and maintenance of five basic objectives, namely religion ( al-dien) , life or soul (nafs), family or offspring (nasl), wealth or wealth (mal) and intellect or reason (aql) ).Al-Ghazali emphasized that according to the revelation, the main purpose of human life is to achieve good in the world and in the hereafter (maslahat al-din wa al-duny a) These five needs will not be fulfilled properly if everyone's orientation is only focused on life hereafter. Therefore doing economic activity is a must for everyone if they want salvation both in the world and the hereafter.
Analisis Pelaksanaan Akad Pembiayaan Murabahah di Baitul Maal Wat Tamwil Insan Samawa Dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Syariah
Authors: Irawan Feri
Published: February 2022

Abstrak: Dalam pembiayaan murabahah fungsi BMT adalah sebagai penjual barang untuk kepentingan nasabah. Dengan cara membeli barang yang diperlukan nasabah dan kemudian menjualnya kembali kepada nasabah dengan harga jual yang setara dengan harga beli ditambah keuntungan BMT. Dan BMT harus memberitahukan secara jujur harga pokok barang berikut biaya yang diperlukan dan menyampaikan semua hal yang berkaitan dengan pembelian barang kepada nasabah. Disini penulis akan membahas BMT Insan Samawa yaitu mengenai pelaksanaan akad pembiayaan murabahah dalam perspektif ekonomi syariah, ketertarikan penulis ini dikarenakan adanya rasa ingin tahu secara lebih jelas dan lebih rinci tentang pembiayaan dengan akad murabahah di BMT Insan Samawa, dan apakah yang membedakan dalam  pelaksanaan pembiayaan dengan akad murabahah di BMT Insan Samawa dengan lembaga keuangan syariah lainya.
Artikel: Starten met het COPIED onderzoek
Authors: Noordegraaf Marina
Published: February 2022

In Parkinson Magazine van januari 2021 staat een artikel over de COPIED studie
Onderzoeksvoorstel COPIED studie
Authors: Noordegraaf Marina
Published: February 2022

Dit is het onderzoeksvoorstel voor de COPIED-studie, een door patiënten geleid onderzoek naar belemmeringen in het denken bij de ziekte van Parkinson en de manieren waarop mensen deze zelf hebben weten te omzeilen. Dit voorstel ontving op 22 juni 2020 een subsidie van de Parkinson Vereniging.
Blog 5: Het amendement bij de niet-WMO aanvraag van de COPIED studie
Authors: Noordegraaf Marina
Published: February 2022

16 november 2020: Blogpost over amendement bij de niet-WMO aanvraag van de COPIED studie
Subnational tourism competitiveness performance. The Canary Islands vs. the German Länder
Authors: Dorta-Afonso Daniel , Hernández-Martín Raúl
Published: February 2022

The task of measuring the competitiveness of mature destinations, which tend to lose market share in their international markets, is a crucial one. The aim of this paper is to obtain a very detailed view of the competitive position of the Canary Islands in the German market. The special feature of this analysis being that it is performed at a subnational level for both the origin and the destination. More specifically, the analysis combines the federal state (Länder) level and the island level. Starting with the model provided by Ritchie and Crouch for tourism competitiveness, information relating to the habitual place of residence of tourists is sourced and their postcodes are used to perform an analysis of the tourism competitiveness of the Archipelago as a whole, and of each island, in each of the federal states. Differences in tourism competitiveness performance can be used as a powerful information input for destination marketing and management.
Community-based and pro-poor tourism: Initial assessment of their relation to community development
Authors: Saayman Melville , Giampiccoli Andrea
Published: February 2022

Alternative forms of tourism development from its conventional approach such as community-based tourism (CBT) and pro-poor tourism (PPT) are proposed to be specifically relevant to alleviate poverty and facilitate the development of disadvantaged community members. The intention of this review paper is to show, despite an apparent similarity, that there are indeed substantial differences between CBT and PPT. While CBT is an alternative to conventional mass tourism and it prioritises control by disadvantaged community members and the benefits of the tourism sector within a social justice perspective with redistributive aims, PPT originated, sustained and is sustained by the neoliberal system and its work does not offer great possibilities of changing the status quo. This, in effect, increases the inequality gap. The paper concludes that the tourism sector properly and holistically fosters social justice and redistributive measures to decrease the inequality gap and further proposes PPT strategies needed to take a CBT direction guiding the tourism sector as a whole.
The experience of Meliá Hotels International in China: A case of internationalisation of a Spanish hotel group
Authors: Niñerola Angels , Campa-Planas Fernando , Hernández-Lara Ana-Beatriz , Sánchez-Rebull Maria-Victòria
Published: February 2022

The aim of this work is to identify the key success factors of a Spanish investment in a country with such profound cultural differences, as it is China, through the experience of Meliá Hotels International Group, one of the biggest hotel chains in the Spanish and international tourism sector. Two interviews were held with the group’s Vice-president of Development. The first was after the opening of the group’s first hotel in China in 2012, and the second two years later, because of the changes that the group had experienced in China. As a result, nine success factors and three entry barriers were identified.
An analysis of online reviews by language groups: the case of hotels in Porto, Portugal
Authors: Pacheco Luís
Published: February 2022

Electronic word-of-mouth has gained importance with the emergence of new online tools and the hospitality sector is at the core of that phenomenon. In this paper we employ a secondary data set of hotel guest reviews for Porto, Portugal, star-rated hotels on a large online travel platform, to explore the distribution and difference in rating behavior of English, Portuguese, Spanish, French and Brazilian guests in an online environment. We find that hotels should promote greater participation by customers in online review platforms, since the average review rating tends to increase with the number of reviews. In terms of language groups, we find that Brazilian travelers tend to give higher ratings and that Spanish travelers are at the other end of the spectrum. Also, low-class hotels are more likely to have customer satisfaction differences, whereas upgrading from a four to a five-star hotel yields a slight boost in ratings. Our results point out that special attention should be given to Spanish guests in all hotel classes, but particularly in middle and low-class hotels. These hotels should be more attentive towards their Spanish guests, exerting more effort to satisfy them in order to obtain better online ratings.
Nature sports participation: Understanding demand, practice profile, motivations and constraints
Authors: Melo Ricardo , Gomes Rui
Published: February 2022

Nature sports is a sports field associated with active sport tourism and is one of the fastest growing segments of the tourism industry. Even though nature sports are economically very significant, little is known about participants and their participatory behaviour. Thus, a study was conducted using a convenient sample of 1126 nature sports participants to understand their socio-demographic characteristics, demand profile, practice behaviours, motivations and constraints. The results indicate that nature sports participants are mainly young males, with higher education, highly-qualified jobs and high income. The nature sports activity that most of the surveyed individuals already practice is MTB. This is also the activity practiced more frequently by more individuals, and the activity most individuals would like to practice more often. Nature and adventure are indicated as the main reasons for practicing nature sports, while lack of time and lack of money are the main constraints for participation. Statistical tests also revealed significant statistical differences in participation between the different nature sports activities. These data allow augmenting the management and marketing intelligence for owners and managers of nature sports-related businesses as well as agencies and organizations promoting nature sports (tourism). Policy implications for nature sports are also discussed.
Tourism destination image as an antecedent of destination loyalty: The case of Linz, Austria
Authors: Iordanova Elitza
Published: February 2022

The concepts of destination image and tourists’ loyalty are sufficiently discussed in the literature; however, due to the multi-dimensional character of these two concepts, the existing studies fail to shed light on the multifaceted linkage between destination image and loyalty. This research displays an innovative way of measuring tourists’ loyalty by creating a composite loyalty index that represents both behavioural and attitudinal loyalty. The index allows for a distinction between different levels of tourists loyalty to be made in order to establish the impact of both cognitive and affective destination image dimensions on loyalty. The findings reveal that the better the image, the higher the composite loyalty. Specifically, destination’s affective image is more influential on tourists’ loyalty than destination’s cognitive image.
Smart Cities and Destination Management: Impacts and Opportunities for Tourism Competitiveness
Authors: Corte Valentina , D’Andrea Chiara , Savastano Iris , Zamparelli Pina
Published: February 2022

In the latest years, the smart city theme has been widely discussed in both city planning and academic studies from various perspectives, i.e. technology, sustainability, management and tourism. This is mainly due to the urgency of rethinking the city because of the rapid population growth and the urbanization increase. These challenges are triggering many cities to find smarter management ways. Nonetheless, only a limited number of studies investigated systematically the smart cities phenomenon and its impact on tourism. In this research, we try to understand the smart city concept considering the strategic role of technologies as opportunities in the smart tourist destination, trying to fill the literature research gaps by identifying how cities have to manage urban planning to be labelled as “smart”, what can be the applications of smart strategies to tourism, what resources/capabilities smart cities need to possess to catch opportunities and face challenges coming from the tourism market, how the smart city planning and its tourist applications can enhance destinations competitiveness. The empirical analysis tests four successful smart cities: Milan, Singapore, London and Johannesburg. The final part includes some reflections on the integration of tourism development with city planning and its effects on urban smartness.
Success factors for small rural tourism units: an exploratory study in the Portuguese region of Serra da Estrela
Authors: Teodoro Ana , Dinis Isabel , Simões Orlando , Gomes Gonçalo
Published: February 2022

Over the past few decades, tourism has come to be considered a way of promoting economic and social development in peripheral, rural areas where traditional agriculture has declined. This is the case of the Portuguese region of Serra da Estrela, where rural tourism has been seen as a strategy for regional development. However, it is important to understand the extent to which tourism activities are able to meet the expectations of tourists and entrepreneurs, in order to represent a realistic development strategy. The current exploratory study compared the performance of 42 small tourism businesses operating in Serra da Estrela in an attempt to understand the impact of several factors on their success. Using occupancy rate as an indicator of success, a linear model was estimated, revealing the importance of adopting information and communications technologies (ICT) in tourism service as a factor for success. The study also shows that the supply of other services, besides housing, and client satisfaction promote the increase in net occupancy rates. Contrary to expectations, two of the explanatory variables related to management (owning and living in the touristic unit) have a negative impact on success.
What makes scuba diving operations successful: The case of Portofino, Italy
Authors: Plessis Engelina , Saayman Melville
Published: February 2022

The coastline of Portofino, Italy, a famous destination for the rich and famous, attracts thousands of visitors each year. Tourism product owners constitute a significant component of the competitive environment in this area in order to claim a piece of the tourism pie. For the local dive operators, the situation tends to be even more difficult when dealing with strict regulations concerning the marine protected area and a specific market. The identification of critical success factors could offer some insight into the management of these operations. In order to accomplish this, a qualitative research approach was followed by interviewing eight dive operators in the area of Portofino. It was clear that the critical success factor to manage a dive operation was unique to this area and differs from other tourism products by adopting a unique customer relations approach, an emphasis on safety, and the focus on providing a signature product. These results could assist managers of dive operations in identifying new opportunities in terms of management and sought out threats to the business.
Challenges and obstacles for the first digital repository for tourism studies in Greece
Authors: Gkoumas Aristeidis
Published: February 2022

This paper evaluates the visibility, utility, and operability of the first Digital Repository for Tourism Studies in Greece. The creation of the repository was a project that funded and supervised by the Ministry of Tourism, aiming at the collection and analysis of tourism research, conducted from 1980 and onwards. By following a qualitative approach, this study analyzes the challenges and obstacles of developing a digital archive of scientific publications, studies, Ph.D. dissertations and other research data related with tourism in Greece. In particular, it outlines the financial limitations of the project; operational dysfunctions of the online archive; security of the digital content and issues of maintenance, management and technical support of the digital repository in the future. Based on desk review, personal interviews and peer-research working groups, attended by representatives of major tourism institutions, professional organizations and public authorities, the findings of this inquiry indicate that financial and human resources insufficiency, inadequate time frame and lack of promotion, have hindered the success of the project. The paper concludes with specific recommendations for the efficient management and financial sustainability, security of web content and optimal promotion of open access repositories.
The influence of customer orientation on emotional labour and work outcomes: a study in the tourism industry
Authors: Marques Gabriela , Correia Anabela , Costa Carlos
Published: February 2022

How service employees express their emotions with customers is an important part of service quality. However, the emotional expressiveness of contact employees can be affected by the importance they give to customers and can have consequences on their work attitudes and well-being. This study aims to explore the influence of customer orientation in emotional labour strategies and analyses the impact of emotional labour strategies on four outcomes: burnout, affective delivery, job satisfaction and affective commitment. The sample consisted of 283 contact employees from hotels and travel agencies. The results show that organisational customer orientation promotes the expression of genuine emotions and that individual customer orientation fosters both deep acting and expression of genuine emotions. The study reveals that while surface acting promotes both emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation, deep acting promotes affective commitment. Finally, it is shown that the expression of genuine emotions fosters personal accomplishment, affective delivery, job satisfaction and affective commitment. Findings provide insight for organisations and managers about the importance of customer orientation in management of emotions in customer service and how can have positive implications on employees and on the quality of service.
Effects of green practices on guest satisfaction and loyalty
Authors: Moise Mihaela-Simona , Gil-Saura Irene , Ruiz-Molina María-Eugenia
Published: February 2022

Due to the growing awareness of consumers about the seriousness of environmental problems and the importance of environmental protection, more and more hotel companies have been developing green practices to respond to this environmental concern of customers. This paper proposes and tests the relationship between these "green" initiatives and the satisfaction of tourists and their intentions to return and their willingness to spread a positive word-of-mouth (WOM) of the hotel. In order to compare the hypotheses proposed, the methodology of the survey is used through a structured questionnaire based on the information provided by guests staying in 3 and 4-star hotels. The results show that there is a positive relationship between "green" practices and customer satisfaction, and in turn provides evidence of the effect of environmental measures, both direct and mediated through satisfaction, on the intention to return and the WOM developed by guests. Moreover, the motive of the trip plays a moderating role in the relationship between hotel “green practices” and guest satisfaction. Our work highlights the importance of the hotel companies' implementation of sustainable practices to meet the needs of their clients and the attainment of favourable attitudes towards their intention to return.
Political stability and tourism sector development in Mediterranean countries: a panel cointegration and causality analysis
Authors: Bayar Yilmaz , Yener Behçet
Published: February 2022

Tourism sector has become an important source of domestic income for a great number of countries across the world with the contribution of diminishing and removing the barriers over the international mobility of people and considerable developments and cost reductions in transport sector. As a consequence, many countries have designed and implemented various policies to draw tourists and in turn raise their tourism receipts. In this regard, this study investigates the impact of political stability on the development of tourism sector in selected countries from Mediterranean region over the period 2002-2015 with Westerlund (2007) error-correction-based panel cointegration test and Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) panel causality test. The findings of the study revealed that political stability had a positive impact on the development of tourism sector in the long run. Furthermore, a two-way causality between tourism sector development and political stability was discovered.
Food tourism and regional development: A systematic literature review
Authors: Rachão Susana , Breda Zélia , Fernandes Carlos , Joukes Veronique
Published: February 2022

Using food as a differentiating asset of destinations and its potential in influencing tourists’ travel decisions is being much discussed in academia. Different countries use distinct terms to relate food to tourism. Concepts such as culinary tourism, food tourism and gastronomy tourism are used interchangeably. This paper aims to explore regional innovation strategies based on food and tourism and on how they can contribute to destination management. The study adopts a systematic literature review by focusing on two main databases, namely SCOPUS and ISI Web of Science. In total, 538 articles (from 1985 to 2017) published in English peer-reviewed academic journals were analysed. The systematic review revealed that food and tourism has been approached from varied perspectives, from interactions with traditional protection strategies under European food quality labels, such as Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) and the Protected Geographical Indication (PGI), to innovative actions, which encapsulate the reengineering of places transforming them into creative food spaces or food clusters. Finally, this paper seeks to contribute to the body of knowledge on food and tourism, under the perspective of regional innovation strategies, applying a qualitative systematic literature review of a 27 selected articles within the scope of the research.
The relationship between tourism and equality in income distribution in developed and developing countries: An application of Panel VAR model
Authors: Rahnama Ali , Astaneh Hamideh , Hajian Mohammadhadi
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the tourism and equitable distribution of income for the developed and developing countries using Panel VAR. The results indicate that economic growth and the first lag (one-year lag) of international tourism income negatively affect the poverty index in developed and developing countries. Impulses due to economic growth and poverty index have the greatest effect on international tourism income so that its effect remains after 10 periods permanently.
Examining the Tourism-Led Growth Hypothesis, Agricultural-Led Growth Hypothesis and Economic Growth in Top Agricultural Producing Economies
Authors: Etokakpan Mfonobong , Bekun Festus , Abubakar A.
Published: February 2022

Most nations are striving to achieve sustainable economic growth. Among the diverse routes explored are tourism and agriculture. This study examines tourism-led growth hypothesis and agriculture-induced growth hypothesis in the context of the world top four agricultural producing economies in a multivariate balanced panel framework between 1995 and 2015. The findings from the bootstrap panel co-integration tests do not support a long-run relationship among the variables. Subsequently, causality test reveals a feedback relationship between international tourism receipt and economic growth. Thus, the tourism-led growth hypothesis is affirmed, while a uni-directional causality runs from agriculture to economic growth. Our findings affirm both the tourism-led and agriculture-led growth hypotheses. Hence, tourism and agriculture sectors are twin growth catalysts in the selected states, that is, both tourism and agriculture sectors have complementary effect on economic growth in the bloc investigated.
Biosecurity Risk and Tourist Communication in Ireland
Authors: Hanrahan James , Melly Domhnall
Published: February 2022

A lack of sufficient biosecurity communication for tourists can lead to higher biosecurity risk which may result in severe environmental, human health and associated economic impacts. The scope of this research is to assess biosecurity plans and communication strategies of Ireland’s major ports, state agencies and governing bodies involved in outdoor recreational activities which have the potential to mitigate biosecurity risk. A mixed method approach was utilised which consisted of content analysis as well as structured qualitative interviews. Analysis has revealed limited communication to tourists arriving in Ireland’s ports and few plans or biosecurity communication strategies in place by national agencies. The need to provide adequate communication of biosecurity measures aimed at mitigating the potential for tourists to vector dangerous microbes and aid biological invasions seems not to have been recognised. In order to reduce Ireland’s biosecurity risk the need for comprehensive biosecurity planning and communication is vital in order to increase tourist awareness of biosecurity measures at pre-border, border, and post-border stages. This paper concludes that low levels of biosecurity communication is worrying and may pose a considerable biosecurity risk to Ireland. It offers an opportunity to be improved before a serious biosecurity breach occurs possibly resulting in a lost tourist season or expensive eradication programmes as has been witnessed in other destinations worldwide. This research has also highlighted the need for theory to adequately reflect the role of communication by emphasising its inclusion in new or updated biosecurity frameworks to be developed into the future.
Investigation of the Motivations and Experiences of Tourists Visiting the Gallipoli Peninsula as a Dark Tourism Destination
Authors: Çakar Kadir
Published: February 2022

The present study strives to understand the travel motivations and experiences of both domestic and international travellers visiting the Gallipoli Peninsula. Qualitative research methodology was utilized for this study, with a case study approach employed for the qualitative research design. Data were gathered using face-to-face interviews (n=44), participant observation and document analysis, and an inductive content analysis was then used to analyse the data. The research findings revealed that travellers visiting the site have different motivations and experiences, as well as some commonalities. The findings also indicate that those visiting the site have different travel motivations and experiences, as well as commonalities. Their travel motivations form a heterogeneous pattern, including push and pull motivational factors, while experiences can be grouped into psychological and sociocultural categories; these are useful contributions to the existing literature in the field. As a consequence, the results of this study are unique as they show that battlefield sites within the scope of the dark tourism phenomenon may offer visitors memorable tourism experiences and socio-cultural experiences.
Tourism competitiveness and the well-being of residents: a debate on registered and non-registered accommodation establishments
Authors: Perles-Ribes José , Ramón-Rodríguez Ana , Moreno-Izquierdo Luis , Such-Devesa María
Published: February 2022

The literature on the competitiveness of tourist destinations establishes as its ultimate objective the well-being of the resident population. In Spain, the principal tourism product (sun and beach) has given rise to two basic types of destinations - those where there is a clear predominance of registered accommodation (mainly hotels) and those that are characterised by a supply largely made up of rental apartments and housing (non-registered, or sometimes known as the residential or second home model). The debate on the issue has been focusing on the different economic, social, cultural or environmental impacts that the two tourism models have on the territory. This article explores the economic aspect of the debate, comparing the differences existing in terms of income and employment in a pool of coastal destinations in the Region of Valencia, one of the leading tourism regions of the sun and beach tourism product in Spain and Europe. This comparison is done by way of Null Hypothesis Significance Testing and regression analysis. The results obtained indicate the neutrality of the composition of the accommodation supply on income and employment of destinations.
Literary tourism as a field of research over the period 1997-2016
Authors: Çevik Samet
Published: February 2022

Although literary tourism is not a new concept, the academic research in this field has not been able to reach adequate level since it has not come to the forefront yet as a tourism type in many parts of the world. This study aims at examining literary tourism as a field of research and determining its situation within tourism studies through a literature review. 132 articles over the period 1997-2016 included in the study were analysed regarding the journals they were published, research methods, research areas, literary tourism types and research themes by using content analysis technique. Although the study found that literary tourism is a wide-range academic field with its eight types and its relations with many tourism types and other social sciences as an interdisciplinary field, it also revealed academic research is limited except many regions of Europe. Literary tourism studies demonstrate that literary tourism has high research potential as an academic field since the results of studies show that literary tourism research cannot be generalised and they can vary according to literary figures. The studies also point out that literary tourism provides numerous benefits to destinations when developed as a special interest tourism type.
Volunteer Tourism: Motivations of Thai Tourists and Western Tourists
Authors: Proyrungroj Raweewan
Published: February 2022

This study examines the motivations of Thai tourists and Western tourists in engaging in a volunteer tourism vacation in Bangkok, Thailand, and analyses how and why the motivations of each group are similar to or different from each other. An interpretive paradigm utilising a qualitative methodological approach was employed. The informants consisted of fourteen Thai tourists and fifteen Western tourists, all of which were selected by convenient sampling and snowball sampling. The findings revealed that there were some common motivations between these tourists including: (i) to gain new experiences; (ii) personal development and growth; and (iii) personal interest in certain volunteer activities. However, it was also found that there were differences in motivations between these groups, including: (i) to gain inner happiness; (ii) to help others; (iii) to learn/be immersed in local culture in a deeper way; (iv) to meet new friends; and (v) to visit Bangkok and Thailand. The first motivation was found only in the group of Thai tourists whereas the rest belonged to only the Western tourists.
An extended model of destination image formation: The inclusion of sensory images
Authors: Nghiêm-Phú Bình , Bagul Awangku
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine the development of destination image from the sensory form to the cognitive and affective forms, and the effects that these three types of destination image can have on tourist intention. Japan’s Tohoku district was selected as the destination, while Malaysia’s respondents were chosen as the potential tourists. This study proved that the model of destination image formation must begin from the sensory images and continue with the cognitive images and the affective image. The linear correlations between the sensory, cognitive and affective elements further facilitate the intention to visit the destination of potential tourists. Among the three, affective image has the largest effect on intention. However, the formation of the affective image is under the influence of the sensory and cognitive images, with that of the former to be larger. Implications for destination image promotion, with an emphasis on the sensory elements, are discussed.
The application of blockchain in tourism: use cases in the tourism value system
Authors: Thees Hannes , Erschbamer Greta , Pechlaner Harald
Published: February 2022

The blockchain technology has witnessed growing interest since cryptocurrencies became popular in 2016. Not only through payment issues, but the tourism sector is also likely to be affected by the blockchain in terms of front- and back-stage processes. As the blockchain could replace traditional intermediaries, the structure of the tourism sector in the future has been discussed widely in the news. This article aims to conceptually examine the implications of blockchain along the value system in the tourism industry in order to identify its potential benefits. To address this, the methodology follows a content analysis of 175 news articles on the topic of blockchain and tourism, which are analysed through a qualitative news analysis and the method of GABEK®. The results imply blockchain applications along with the whole tourism value system, while it became apparent that traveling is streamlined through the transformation of time-intensive back-stage processes and thus offers extra value for travellers. Through its novelty in the academic discourse, the paper makes obstacles and regulations a subject of discussion, too.
Self-congruity theory in tourism research: A systematic review and future research directions
Authors: Sop Serhat
Published: February 2022

This study aims to generate future research directions by discovering how self-congruity theory has been applied in tourism research so far. The systematic literature review method was employed and 53 articles applying self-congruity theory published in 20 top-tier tourism journals between 1992-2019 were content analysed. Findings revealed that the most prominent journal in publishing self-congruity research was the Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, most of the relevant articles followed a quantitative research design and utilized the new method of measuring self-congruity which obviates the discrepancy scores problem of the traditional method by measuring self-congruity directly, actual self-congruity was the most considered self-congruity dimension and the theory was investigated mostly with regards to destinations. Future directions for self-congruity researchers were generated according to these parameters.
Exploring online prices with an advance booking horizon on Booking.com
Authors: Sánchez-Lozano Gloria , Pereira Luis , Chávez-Miranda Esther
Published: February 2022

The online market enables hotels to enhance their visibility and drive up their revenue. This study analysed both the average room price and price count (i.e. the sum of the number of prices that hotels offer) on Booking.com for a period of 300 days prior to check-in, with data classified by official hotel category. Hotels’ number of rooms, day of the week, room type, room capacity (i.e. maximum number of guests per room) and length of stay were also tracked. This research was based on a stratified sample of hotels gathered by using random sampling and proportional allocation, as well as defining the strata by hotel categories. The dataset included 1,353,751 records. The results reveal that channel management activities are an important area of hotels’ operations, which generate a considerable workload in terms of the time devoted to updating data and other related tasks. However, hotels’ participation in online channels does not always match their importance in the market as measured by their relative number of rooms. Most of the variables under study have a significant positive impact on prices, except for hotels’ number of rooms, which failed to follow any discernible pattern of influence.
A Harrodian Model that fits the Tourism-led Growth Hypothesis for Tourism-based Economies
Authors: Pérez-Montiel José , Asenjo Oscar , Erbina Carles
Published: February 2022

The tourism-led growth hypothesis (TLGH) has been the subject of hundreds of investigations. However, most of these investigations have limited themselves to empirically verify a dynamic relationship between tourism receipts and economic activity, leaving aside the theoretical background or the baseline economic growth model on which the TLGH could be built. With this in mind, the authors present a multiplier-accelerator growth model and state that it is a good option to analyze the TLGH. This model fits the TLGH, since its long-run equilibrium positions are analogous to the TLGH. However, multiplier-accelerator growth models generally suffer from dynamic instability. Therefore, the authors propose a model with an investment function that, by relating the acceleration of investment just to the “permanent” increases in demand, is able to replicate the “relative stability” of growth of tourism-based economies.
Scientific Output of the European Journal of Tourism Research: A Bibliometric Overview and Visualization
Authors: Soliman Mohammad , Lyulyov Oleksii , Shvindina Hanna , Figueiredo Ronnie , Pimonenko Tetyana
Published: February 2022

This paper aims to analyse and visualise the scientific output of the European Journal of Tourism Research (EJTR) by employing a set of bibliometric metrics; including productive and impact measures, co-authorship analysis, co-citation analysis, and co-occurrence analysis. The collected and analyzed data involved 304 peer-reviewed articles published in the EJTR during the period from 2008 to 2020 within Scopus database. The results indicated that there is a substantial growing trend and evolution in publications and ranking of the EJTR during the given period. Additionally, a number of leading institutions and countries significantly contributed to the EJTR. Moreover, some top-tier academic journals and authors cited the articles published by the EJTR. Furthermore, the co-occurrence analysis identified seven clusters of research areas among the EJTR published papers over the selected period. Theoretical and practical contributions are presented as well as limitations and further research avenues are outlined.
Profiling for sustainable tourism: young travellers’ self- transcendence values and motivations
Authors: Cavagnaro Elena , Staffieri Simona , Carrieri Angelo , Burns Kevin , Chen Nan , Fermani Alessandra
Published: February 2022

Young people seek meaningful, participative, and co-created experiences. Yet young tourists seem less attracted than expected by tourism offers that emphasise involvement, such as sustainable tourism. A possible explanation lies in values and travel motivations specific to young travellers. Although travel motivations have been extensively researched, few have attempted to categorize the resulting list of travel motivations. Research on values is systematized but has limited predictive power because it is generally conducted without reference to immediate causes of behaviour such as motivations. This study proposes to segment young travellers using values and motivations simultaneously and, to account for socio-economic conditions, to investigate young travellers in China and Italy. Multivariate analysis revealed clusters that offer strong opportunities for a sustainable tourism proposition both in the Italian and the Chinese sample. Out of the other identified clusters, some offer similar opportunities yet require a different framing of the tourism offer, while some seem only interested in hedonic experiences. How this more sophisticated picture of young tourists may account for their tepidity towards sustainable tourism is discussed, alongside limitations, suggestions for future research, and a reflection about the re-start of European tourism after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Overtourism and Tourismphobia at a Russian resort
Authors: Vetitnev Alexandr , Chigarev Dmitriy , Afanasiev Oleg
Published: February 2022

The paper investigates the existence of overtourism and tourismphobia in Sochi, a leading Russian resort destination, through a sample of 2,390 residents. The analysis of respondents’ attitudes towards tourism reveals that there are no severe problems of overtourism or tourismphobia. Currently, a large number of tourists in the destination are not causing any negative feedback from the majority of residents. At the same time, although conflict situations rarely occurred, they hint at some tension between residents and guests of the city.
Contribution of tourism to economic convergence in the European Union member states
Authors: Radić Mijana , Petrić Lidija , Ivandić Neven
Published: February 2022

The main objective of this paper is to determine whether tourism contributes to the economic convergence in the EU member states. The starting point of the analysis is the theoretical concepts of σ-convergence and (conditional) β-convergence. For the purpose of examining the relationship between tourism and σ-convergence in the long and short term, the cointegration test is used. Additionally, panel analysis is used for testing the model of conditional convergence. In this model, tourism as a conditional factor is operationalised by monetary indicators (consumption components and capital investments) as well as by a non-monetary one (direct employment) based on the tourism satellite account methodological framework. The model also tests a range of economic, social and ecological impacts on tourism and the economic convergence. The results proved that, although there is a long-term and short-term relationship between tourism and the economic growth convergence, tourism does not contribute to the economic convergence in the European Union member states, at least not to the extent that was expected.
Job requirements in the hospitality industry: Technical or general skills? The dilemma for academic education
Authors: Varra Lucia , Scioni Manuela , Grassini Laura , Giusti Antonio
Published: February 2022

This paper identifies the professional profiles of graduates for job positions in the accommodation sector, in particular, whether specific skills of the position or skills related to the tourism sector are preferred. A conjoint design is applied, which presents the more realistic context of asking respondents to evaluate potential “product” profiles. Managers of accommodation facilities expressed their preferences on four hypothetical profiles of candidates for five job positions: receptionist, administrative clerk, human resources professional, web marketing specialist, revenue manager. Six attributes (academic degree and level, among others) are used to describe the candidate profiles. The data were analysed through a multinomial logit model and an ordinary least squares regression model that highlighted the preferred characteristics of the candidates for the considered job positions. The main findings show that recruitment in accommodation facilities looks at specialized skills and academic programmes appropriate for the specific job positions. Knowledge of the desired characteristics of graduates, which could affect a possible recruitment, is important for designing effective academic curricula.