bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of digital health technologies on the quality of service delivery: A pre and post assessment of the healthcare consumer's experiences in Ghana
Authors: Preko Mansah , Budu Joseph
Published: February 2024

This study takes into account the pre and post experiences of the healthcare consumer in a developing country context regarding the use of digital technologies in receiving healthcare services. The study proposes a conceptual framework which suggests that the digitalization of healthcare services may present both tangible and intangible outcomes to the healthcare consumer. Underpinned by the SERVQUAL model, this study adopts a qualitative approach to explore the pre and post‐digitalization experiences of healthcare consumers in Ghana. Findings reveal that seven out of the nine dimensions used in the study's assessment gave positive outcomes on the consumers' post‐digitalization experiences, despite claims of the social inequalities that characterize developing countries (DCs) like Ghana. The study further reveals how the patient‐centered eHealth concept which is gaining considerable attention in Information Systems (IS) healthcare research, has not been fully adopted in some DC contexts. This study presents both practical and theoretical implications for all relevant stakeholders within the healthcare ecosystem.
Evaluation of two physical guidance procedures in the treatment of pediatric feeding disorder
Authors: Rubio Emily Kate , McMahon Meara X. H. , Volkert Valerie M.
Published: February 2024

Children with pediatric feeding disorder may refuse to consume an adequate variety and/or volume of food to maintain expected growth. They can consume food but may actively or passively refuse, resulting in escape or avoidance of eating. Behavioral interventions like positive reinforcement with escape extinction can increase consumption. However, sometimes these interventions are insufficient, especially in treating passive refusal. In these cases, physical guidance may be used to prompt an open mouth to deposit food. Research indicates open‐mouth prompts are effective and rated as acceptable. This study replicated an existing physical guidance procedure, the finger prompt, and compared its efficacy and acceptability with that of a spoon prompt. This study extended research by defining and measuring passive refusal as a dependent variable and assessing social validity among different stakeholders and times. Both prompts were effective in treating food refusal, and caregivers rated the finger prompt as more preferred.
Implementation of a portable diffraction phase microscope for digital histopathology
Authors: Aimakov Nurbolat , Min Eunjung , Ban Sungbea , Lee Sangjin , Bae Jung Kweon , You Joon S. , Jung Woonggyu
Published: February 2024

Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) has a significant advantage in histopathology as it helps in differentiating biological tissue structures and cells without the need for staining. To make this capability more accessible, it is crucial to develop compact and portable systems. In this study, we introduce a portable diffraction phase microscopy (DPM) system that allows the acquisition of phase map images from various organs in mice using a low‐NA objective lens. Our findings indicate that the cell and tissue structures observed in portable DPM images are similar to those seen in conventional histology microscope images. We confirmed that the developed system's performance is comparable to the benchtop DPM system. Additionally, we investigate the potential utility of digital histopathology by applying deep learning technology to create virtual staining of DPM images.
Combination ofin silicoand cell culture strategies to predict biomaterial performance: Effects of sintering temperature on the biological properties of hydroxyapatite
Authors: de Almeida Gerson S. , Ferreira Marcel R. , Fernandes Célio C. , de Biagi Carlos A. O. , Silva Wilson Araújo , Rangel Elidiane C. , Lisboa‐Filho Paulo N. , Zambuzzi Willian F.
Published: February 2024

Advances in methodologies to evaluate biomaterials brought an explosive growth of data, ensuing computational challenges to better analyzing them and allowing for high‐throughput profiling of biological systems cost‐efficiently. In this sense, we have applied bioinformatics tools to better understand the biological effect of different sintering temperatures of hydroxyapatite (abbreviated HA; at 1100, 1150, and 1250°C) on osteoblast performance. To do, we have better analyzed an earlier deposited study, in which the access code is E‐MTAB‐7219, which the authors have explored different in silico tools on this purpose. In this study, differential gene expression analyses were performed using the gene set variation analysis (GSVA) algorithm from the transcriptomes respecting the thermal changes of HA, which were validated using exclusively in vitro strategies. Furthermore, in silico approaches elected biomarkers during cell behavior in response to different sintering temperatures of HA, and it was further validated using cell culture and qPCR technologies. Altogether, the combination of those strategies shows the capacity of sintered HA at 1250°C to present a better performance in organizing an adequate microenvironment favoring bone regeneration, angiogenesis and material resorption stimulus once it has promoted higher involvement of genes such as CDK2, CDK4 (biomarkers of cell proliferation), p15, Osterix gene (related with osteogenic differentiation), RANKL (related with osteoclastogenesis), VEGF gene (related with angiogenesis), and HIF1α (related with hypoxia microenvironment). Altogether, the combination of in silico and cell culture strategies shows the capacity of sintered HA at 1250°C in guaranteeing osteoblast differentiation and it can be related in organizing an adequate microenvironment favoring bone regeneration, angiogenesis, and material resorption stimulus.
Synthesis of palladium nanoparticles utilizing biotemplates and investigation of their synergistic catalytic performance
Authors: Xie Wei , Chen Miaomiao , Wu Chao
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

Palladium nanoparticles can act as a shuttle to accelerate the extracellular electron transfer (EET) by exoelectrogens. Through the EET process, microorganisms drive the redox cycle of many substances. The palladium nanoparticle has a variety of catalytic activities and activities can be significantly improved by combining with the active effects of microorganisms.

RESULTS

In this study, Staphylococcus saprophyticus JJ‐1 was utilized as a biological template carrier to synthesize palladium nanoparticles that were immobilized on the bacterial surface. The morphology and composition of palladium were characterized by various techniques including transmission electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, the hydrogenation activity of the synthesized Pd was tested at room temperature and atmospheric pressure using methyl orange as a model pollutant. Electrochemical characterization was carried out by cyclic voltammetry and potentiostatic measurements. The research demonstrated that palladium nanoparticles acted as both electronic mediators and catalysts in the dye reduction process, while S. saprophyticus JJ‐1 contributed to stabilizing nanoparticles and electrochemical activity. The synergistic effect between these two components significantly enhances MO degradation efficiency.

CONCLUSION

This study presented an energy‐saving method to synthesize an integrated catalyst based on the synergistic interaction between biomass and nanoparticles, offering a novel approach for developing environmentally friendly, cost‐effective, and efficient integrated catalysts. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Artificial intelligence: ChatGPT as a disruptive didactic strategy in dental education
Authors: Saravia‐Rojas Miguel Ángel , Camarena‐Fonseca Alexandra Rosy , León‐Manco Roberto , Geng‐Vivanco Rocio
Published: February 2024

Purpose

To evaluate the influence of ChatGPT on academic tasks performed by undergraduate dental students.

Method

Fifty‐five participants completed scientific writing assignments. First, ChatGPT was utilized; subsequently, a conventional method involving the search of scientific articles was employed. Each task was preceded by a 30‐min training session. The assignments were reviewed by professors, and an anonymous questionnaire was administered to the students regarding the usefulness of ChatGPT. Data were analyzed by Mann–Whitney U‐test.

Results

Final scores and scores for the criteria of utilization of evidence, evaluation of arguments, and generation of alternatives achieved higher values through the traditional method than with ChatGPT (p = 0.019, 0.042, 0.017, and <0.001, respectively). No differences were found between the two methods for the remaining criteria (p > 0.05). A total of 64.29% of the students found ChatGPT useful, 33.33% found it very useful, and 3.38% not very useful. Regarding its application in further academic activities, 54.76% considered it useful, 40.48% found it very useful, and 4.76% not very useful. A total of 61.90% of the participants indicated that ChatGPT contributed to over 25% of their productivity, while 11.9% perceived it contributed to less than 15%. Concerning the relevance of having known ChatGPT for academic tasks, 50% found it opportune, 45.24% found it very opportune, 2.38% were unsure, and the same percentage thought it is inopportune. All students provided positive feedback.

Conclusion

Dental students highly valued the experience of using ChatGPT for academic tasks. Nonetheless, the traditional method of searching for scientific articles yield higher scores.
Preventative and therapeutic potential of nutrition for inflammatory bowel diseases: A narrative review
Authors: Limketkai Berkeley N. , Rau Sameeha , Fasulo Christina
Published: February 2024

Diet strongly shapes the gut microbiome and metabolome, which in turn influence intestinal inflammation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Separate from inflammation and malnutrition, diet's direct interactions with the gastrointestinal system can also provoke or attenuate a host of nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms. Given these multifaceted effects of diet on inflammation and symptoms, nutrition has been investigated for its potential roles in the prevention and treatment of IBD. This review presents epidemiological, observational cohort, and clinical trial evidence that underlie our current understanding of nutrition for prevention and treatment of IBD.
Rapid classification and identification of chemical components in three different Zanthoxylum species by ultra‐high‐performance‐liquid chromatography quadrupole‐orbitrap‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Shu Lexin , Zhang Shumin , Qiu Huixin , Yao Yaqi , Liu Sitong , Qian Jun , Chen Siyue , Zhao Qiduo , Li Yubo
Published: February 2024

Zanthoxylum, as a medicinal and edible herbal medicine, has a long history and complex chemical composition. There are many varieties of Zanthoxylum, and there are differences in composition between varieties. In this study, a rapid classification and identification method for the main components of Zanthoxylum was established using ultra‐high‐performance‐liquid chromatography quadrupole‐orbitrap‐mass spectrometry. The components of Shandong Zanthoxylum bungeanum, Wudu Zanthoxylum bungeanum, and Zanthoxylum schinifolium were identified by studying the characteristic fragmentations and neutral losses of characteristic components. A total of 48 common components and 24 different components were identified and the fragmentation patterns of the main components, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and organic acids were summarized. These findings provided a reference for the study of pharmacodynamic substance basis and quality control of different varieties of Zanthoxylum.
Rapid indirect separation of glutamine enantiomers by micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Analysis of dietary supplements
Authors: Salido‐Fortuna Sandra , Ruano‐Culebras Paloma , Marina María Luisa , Castro‐Puyana María
Published: February 2024

Glutamine is the most abundant free proteinogenic α‐amino acid. It is naturally produced in the organism and acts as a precursor for the synthesis of different biologically important molecules (such as proteins or nucleotides). However, under stressful conditions, the organism is unable to produce it in enough amounts to function properly. Thus, glutamine (Gln)‐based supplements have become increasingly popular over the last decade. Since legal regulations establish that amino acid‐based dietary supplements must contain only the L‐enantiomer and not the racemate, adequate chiral methodologies are required to achieve their quality control. In this work, an analytical methodology based on the use of micellar electrokinetic chromatography is proposed for the rapid enantiomeric determination of DL‐Gln in dietary supplements. Using (+)‐1‐(9‐fluorenyl)‐ethyl chloroformate as a derivatizing agent and ammonium perfluorooctanoate as separation medium, the Gln diastereoisomers formed under optimal conditions were separated in 8 min with a resolution of 2.8. The analytical characteristics of the method were evaluated in terms of linearity, precision, accuracy, and limits of detection/quantitation, and they were found appropriate for the analysis of L‐Gln‐based dietary supplements.
Associations between different forms of intimate partner violence and posttraumatic stress among women who use drugs and alcohol in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Jiwatram‐Negron Tina , Meinhart Melissa , Ward Malorie , Michalopoulos Lynn , Zhan Qihao , Nikitin Danil , Gilbert Louisa
Published: February 2024

Survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) have an increased risk of experiencing posttraumatic stress, and the subsequently associated symptoms can vary by form of IPV exposure (i.e., physical, sexual, or psychological IPV). Related research among socially marginalized populations, however, is limited, including among women who use and misuse substances. Drawing on baseline data from a pilot study conducted among 213 women in Kyrgyzstan who reported using drugs or engaging in hazardous alcohol use, we examined the associations between different forms of IPV and severe posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). The vast majority of participants reported lifetime (93.9%, n = 200) and past 3‐month (65.3%, n = 139) IPV, and two thirds of participants (65.3%, n = 139) reported experiencing PTSS in the prior month. Multivariable logistic regression analyses indicated statistically significant associations between only some forms of IPV and PTSS, including physical IPV, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 3.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.15, 9.14], and injurious IPV, aOR = 2.71, 95% CI [1.10, 6.65]. Additionally, experiencing any form of IPV was associated with 4.95 higher odds of reporting PTSS, 95% CI [1.16, 21.15]; no other results were significant. These results not only underscore the need for future research on the mechanisms that might explain the unique associations between different forms of IPV and posttraumatic stress, but also highlight an urgent need for trauma‐informed mental health and psychosocial support interventions for women who use drugs and alcohol.
Gender Disparities in Academic Otolaryngology
Authors: Ladlie Beth L. , Case Hannah F. , Perisetla Priyanka , Austin Andrew W. , Craver Emily C. , Engelberg‐Cook Erica , Rutt Amy L.
Published: February 2024

Objective

The aim was to evaluate representation of women in otolaryngology by examining authorship of research publications and presentations, awards, research grants, leadership, and membership in related organizations.

Methods

Authorship was reviewed from articles published in three otolaryngology journals from 2000 through 2021 to assess the frequency and percentages of female and combination of male and female gender authorship. Gender was evaluated for poster and scientific abstract presentations from 2007 to 2021. Gender representation was reviewed for institutional and society leadership positions, award, and grant recipients in the American Laryngological Society (ALA). Changes in the frequency of female and combination of male and female gender authorship over time were examined with Cochran‐Armitage test for trend.

Results

A total of 16,921 articles, 1,017 presentations, 480 leadership positions, 129 president positions, and 1,137 awards and grants were studied. Women were first authors in 4,153 (24.9%) and last authors in 2,935 (17.8%) published articles for which gender could be determined. Women were first authors in 372 (37.4%) presentations and last authors in 199 (20.2%). Most presentations had a combination of male and female presentation authorship (630, 68%). Women held 69 (14.4%) leadership positions. Of the award and grant recipients, 327 (28.8%) were female. Significant trends were observed for increasing female representation (first authorship publications increased 69.9% from 2000 to 2020, first authorship presentations increased 73.9% from 2007 to 2013, p < 0.001; leadership and awards from 3% to 18% representation, p = 0.02).

Conclusion

The proportion of women receiving awards and holding leadership positions is increasing. Efforts that promote gender diversity may further increase representation of women in otolaryngology literature and among the grant and award winners.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 134:2144–2152, 2024
On the commuting probability of π$\pi$‐elements in finite groups
Authors: Martínez Juan
Published: February 2024

Let be a finite group, be a set of primes, and be the smallest prime in . In this work, we prove that possesses a normal and abelian Hall ‐subgroup if and only if the probability that two random ‐elements of commute is larger than . We also prove that if is a ‐element not lying in , then the proportion of ‐elements commuting with is at most .
High efficiency holographic impedance metasurface for dual circular polarized OAM waves
Authors: Huang Hui‐Fen , Xiang Zi‐Yi
Published: February 2024

This paper proposes a high aperture efficiency (AE) small size tensor holographic impedance metasurface (THIMS), which has the ability to create circular polarized (CP) high purity orbital angular momentum (OAM) multi‐beams with flexibly independent control of the individual beam direction, polarization and OAM mode. The tensor unit cell is a cross‐slotted circular patch. We design a THIMS at 14.6 GHz for dual CP OAM beams: Beam‐I (LHCP, l = 1, θ1 = 30°, φ1 = 0°), Beam‐II (RHCP, l = −1, θ2 = 30°, φ2 = 180°). The developed tensor dual CP THIMS has the following advantages: high purity in xoy plane at z = 9.73 λ (λ wavelength, measured purity 88.4% for Beam‐I, and 93.5% for Beam‐II), high AE 25.1%, and small size 5.986 λ × 5.986 λ × 0.0618 λ. The calculated, simulated and measured results agree well. The generated dual CP OAM beams have potential applications for high‐capacity wireless communication, radar high resolution imaging, and rotation velocity measurement.
Ultrasonographic evaluation of ulnar nerve morphology in patients with ulnar nerve instability
Authors: Ahmadli Narmin , Akgun Kenan , Terlemez Rana , Misirlioglu Tugce Ozekli , Palamar Deniz
Published: February 2024

Introduction/Aims

Ulnar nerve instability (UNI) in the retroepicondylar groove is described as nerve subluxation or dislocation. In this study, considering that instability may cause chronic ulnar nerve damage by increasing the friction risk, we aimed to examine the effects of UNI on nerve morphology ultrasonographically.

Methods

Asymptomatic patients with clinical suspicion of UNI were referred for further clinical and ultrasonographic examination. Based on ulnar nerve mobility on ultrasound, the patients were first divided into two groups: stable and unstable. The unstable group was further divided into two subgroups: subluxation and dislocation. The cross‐sectional area (CSA) of the nerve was measured in three regions relative to the medial epicondyle (ME).

Results

In the ultrasonographic evaluation, UNI was identified in 59.1% (52) of the 88 elbows. UNI was bilateral in 50% (22) of the 44 patients. Mean CSA was not significantly different between groups. A statistically significant difference in ulnar nerve mobility was found between the group with CSA of <10 versus ≥10 mm2 (p = .027). Nerve instability was found in 85.7% of elbows with an ulnar nerve CSA value of ≥10 mm2 at the ME level.

Discussion

The probability of developing neuropathy in patients with UNI may be higher than in those with normal nerve mobility. Further prospective studies are required to elucidate whether asymptomatic individuals with UNI and increased CSA may be at risk for developing symptomatic ulnar neuropathy at the elbow.
Estimating internal transmitter and external tag retention by Walleye in the Laurentian Great Lakes over multiple years
Authors: Colborne S. F. , Faust M. D. , Brenden T. O. , Hayden T. A. , Robinson J. M. , MacDougall T. M. , Cook H. A. , Isermann D. A. , Dembkowski D. J. , Haffley M. , Vandergoot C. S.
Published: February 2024

Objective

Both electronic tags (e.g., acoustic and radio transmitters) and conventional external tags are used to evaluate movement and population dynamics of fish. External tags are also sometimes used to facilitate the recovery of internal electronic tags or other instrumentation because healing can make it difficult to identify fish with internal tags based on appearance alone. With both tag types, tag shedding and failure of electronic tags can affect accuracy and precision of study results.

Methods

We used a decade (2011–2021) of recapture data for Walleye Sander vitreus tagged in the Laurentian Great Lakes, where fish were double- or triple-tagged with external tags (T-bar, loop, or internal anchor tags) and internal acoustic transmitters, to quantify external tag and internal transmitter shedding and transmitter failure rates.

Result

In total, 1125 (33%) Walleye were recovered that had retained at least one external tag or internal transmitter. No confirmed cases of transmitter shedding were observed; 15 of 899 transmitters (2%) that were checked for functionality failed prior to the expected battery expiration. The retention of external T-bar tags 1 year after release differed depending on whether the tag was placed anterior or posterior to the secondary dorsal fin (anterior, fish length = 420 mm: 73% retention; anterior, fish length = 700 mm: 73%, posterior: 63%) but was <26% after 4 years for both tag positions and fish sizes. Internal anchor tags had an 88% 1-year retention probability and 81% 4-year retention probability. Loop tags had the highest 1-year retention (89%) but after 4 years retention (28–34% depending on agency) was comparable to that of T-bar tags.

Conclusion

Better understanding of tag retention characteristics through long-term tagging studies such as this can inform study design, be considered in model design, and ultimately improve inferences from mark–recapture studies.
Design and analysis of optimal AGC regulator for multi‐area power systems with TCPS and energy storage unit in deregulated environment
Authors: Mishra Ram Naresh , Kumar Narendra , Chaturvedi Devendra Kumar
Published: February 2024

In today's electric power network, fast changes are the norm, and auxiliary services such as automatic generation control (AGC) play a crucial role in maintaining the quality of the power supply. AGC ensures a balance between power generation, demand, and losses to sustain frequency stability and variation in tie‐line power within a set limit, even when the load changes. To accomplish this, it is always beneficial to consider new approaches to controlling the situation. This paper introduces the design of new AGC regulators that consider deviation in DC tie‐line power as an extra control variable for the turbine controller. In this study, three different deregulated power systems (containing two control areas), namely three thermal generations, the combination of one thermal and two hydro generations, and three hydro generations, including two power distribution companies (DISCOs) in each control area. These optimal AGC regulators are implemented in the proposed thermal–thermal–thermal system to carry out the various power contracts. The results have shown that the dynamic outcomes meet the AGC standards. To improve further dynamic results and the proposed systems' stability margins by incorporating redox flow batteries (RFB). In actual operating conditions, the system parameters do not remain constant due to the aging effect, assumptions made in simplifying the mathematical model, etc. Thus, ±50% deviations in the nominal value of system parameters to assess how well the optimal AGC regulators perform in the system under investigation. The suggested realistic AGC system incorporates many parameter fluctuations and works well with the optimal AGC regulators developed for the proposed plans. This study expanded to include a two‐area, thermal‐hydro‐hydro (THH) system under a deregulated framework connected via an asynchronous transmission link with or without a thyristor‐controlled phase shifter (TCPS) and RFB. The genetic algorithm (GA) can solve many issues and has global search, flexibility to varied problem types, intrinsic parallelism, and the ability to handle massive, complex search spaces. Thus, a two‐area deregulated hydro‐hydro‐hydro system with parallel tie‐lines utilizes GA‐PID, GA‐FOPID, and GA‐(1 + PI)‐FOPID controllers. Moreover, a random load disturbance (RLD) is employed in each section of the offered approach to show the resilience and elite performance of the proposed control strategy. To produce various dynamic reactions in the plans, MATLAB software version R2013a is employed.
Context matters when rewilding for climate change
Authors: Burak Mary K. , Ferraro Kristy M. , Orrick Kaggie D. , Sommer Nathalie R. , Ellis‐Soto Diego , Schmitz Oswald J.
Published: February 2024

There is a cross‐sectoral push among conservationists to simultaneously mitigate biodiversity loss and climate change, especially as the latter increasingly threatens the former. Growing evidence demonstrates that animals can have substantial impacts on carbon cycling. As such, there are increasing calls to use animal conservation and rewilding to dually overcome biodiversity loss and mitigate climate change.

Specifically, trophic rewilding—which involves restoring intact animal communities, functional roles and trophic structure within food webs, and natural ecosystem processes—utilizes a rewilding framework to simultaneously support biodiversity conservation and carbon capture and storage. Trophic rewilding is a complex conservation approach to mitigating climate change, involving accurate estimations of baseline conditions and continuous monitoring of carbon cycling and species impacts within a system. It is also predicated on garnering social support for both the reintroduction and monitoring of a species, and obtaining the animals themselves.

We are excited by the growing interest in this potential, but emphasize that a species' net impact on ecosystem carbon dynamics is context‐dependent. Caution is required whenever biodiversity conservation (including rewilding), climate change mitigation, and human welfare do not readily align. Hence—similar to other nature‐based solutions—these burgeoning efforts must avoid sweeping generalizations.

To bolster successful trophic rewilding, we highlight a range of social and ecological context dependencies that can vary outcomes in a rewilded carbon cycle and provide ethical considerations for successful implementation.

We conclude with an overview of the available technology to predict and monitor progress toward both biodiversity and climate mitigation goals.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Gratitude, optimism, and satisfaction with life and patient‐reported outcomes in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Amonoo Hermioni L. , Daskalakis Elizabeth , Deary Emma C. , Guo Michelle , Boardman Annabella C. , Keane Emma P. , Lam Jeffrey A. , Newcomb Richard A. , Gudenkauf Lisa M. , Brown Lydia A. , Onyeaka Henry K. , Lee Stephanie J. , Huffman Jeff C. , El‐Jawahri Areej
Published: February 2024

Objective

Associations between positive psychological well‐being (PPWB) and patient‐reported outcomes (PROs, e.g., quality of life [QOL]) have yet to be studied extensively in patients with hematologic malignancies who are allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) survivors, despite substantial evidence that PPWB impacts PROs of other medical populations.

Methods

We conducted a secondary analysis of cross‐sectional data examining the association of PPWB and PROs at day 100 post‐transplant among 158 allogeneic HSCT recipients. Optimism, gratitude, life satisfaction, and PROs (i.e., QOL, anxiety, depression, and PTSD symptoms) were assessed using the Life Orientation Test‐Revised, Gratitude Questionnaire, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐Bone Marrow Transplant, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist‐Civilian Version, respectively. We used linear and multivariate regressions for all analyses and controlled for patient factors.

Results

Optimism was associated with better QOL (β = 1.46; p < 0.001) and lower levels of anxiety (β = −0.28; p < 0.001), depression (β = −0.31; p < 0.001), and PTSD (β = −0.58; p < 0.001). Gratitude was associated with better QOL (β = 1.11; p < 0.001) and lower levels of anxiety (β = −0.21; p = 0.001), depression (β = −0.14; p = 0.021), and PTSD (β = −0.32; p = 0.032). Finally, satisfaction with life was associated with better QOL (β = 1.26; p < 0.001) and lower levels of anxiety (β = −0.18; p < 0.001), depression (β = −0.21; p < 0.001), and PTSD (β = −0.49; p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Optimism, gratitude, and satisfaction with life were all associated with better QOL and lower levels of psychological distress in allogeneic HSCT survivors. These data support studies to harness PPWB as a therapeutic intervention for this population throughout HSCT recovery.
Assembly of Zinc‐Single‐Site‐Containing Silica Nanoparticles to Supraparticle Powders with Destructibility to Serve as Filler and Vulcanization Activator in Rubbers
Authors: Wenderoth Sarah , Milana Paola , Zimmermann Thomas , Deues Moritz , Oppmann Maximilian , Prieschl Johannes , Mostoni Silvia , Scotti Roberto , Wintzheimer Susanne , Mandel Karl
Published: February 2024

The vulcanization process is widely used in industry for tire manufacturing. Therefore, zinc oxide is commonly utilized as an activator material, but unreacted zinc oxide remains in the final products and can be released into the environment with a significant impact. To reduce the amount of required zinc and to prevent leaching from tire material, zinc single site‐containing silica fillers are interesting candidates. In these materials, zinc sites are anchored on the surface of silica nanoparticles through their complexation with functionalized aminosilanes. Based on these, a novel powder sample is prepared via spray‐drying. The obtained supraparticles allow for a homogeneous distribution of the filler nanoparticles in the rubber matrix via their disintegration during the incorporation process. All synthesis steps are carried out in ethanol and water, respectively, at very mild temperatures to account for sustainability demands. As core of this study, the role of zinc ions and their amino‐complexation in nanoparticle dispersion stability and in supraparticle formation during spray‐drying is elucidated. Additionally, the superior performance of supraparticles as activator in rubber vulcanization is demonstrated. These show a higher curing efficiency, leading to lower curing time (−70%), higher torque values (+15%), and improved dynamic mechanical properties compared to the conventional ZnO activator.
Discovery of broadly‐neutralizing antibodies against brown recluse spider and Gadim scorpion sphingomyelinases using consensus toxins as antigens
Authors: Rivera‐de‐Torre Esperanza , Lampadariou Stefanos , Møiniche Mark , Bohn Markus F. , Kazemi Seyed Mahdi , Laustsen Andreas H.
Published: February 2024

Broadly‐neutralizing monoclonal antibodies are becoming increasingly important tools for treating infectious diseases and animal envenomings. However, designing and developing broadly‐neutralizing antibodies can be cumbersome using traditional low‐throughput iterative protein engineering methods. Here, we present a new high‐throughput approach for the standardized discovery of broadly‐neutralizing monoclonal antibodies relying on phage display technology and consensus antigens representing average sequences of related proteins. We showcase the utility of this approach by applying it to toxic sphingomyelinases from the venoms of species from very distant orders of the animal kingdom, the recluse spider and Gadim scorpion. First, we designed a consensus sphingomyelinase and performed three rounds of phage display selection, followed by DELFIA‐based screening and ranking, and benchmarked this to a similar campaign involving cross‐panning against recombinant versions of the native toxins. Second, we identified two scFvs that not only bind the consensus toxins, but which can also neutralize sphingomyelinase activity of native whole venom in vitro. Finally, we conclude that the phage display campaign involving the use of the consensus toxin was more successful in yielding cross‐neutralizing scFvs than the phage display campaign involving cross‐panning.
Exploring the dynamics and structure of PpiB in living Escherichia coli cells using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Ben‐Ishay Yasmin , Barak Yoav , Feintuch Akiva , Ouari Olivier , Pierro Annalisa , Mileo Elisabetta , Su Xun‐Cheng , Goldfarb Daniella
Published: February 2024

The combined effects of the cellular environment on proteins led to the definition of a fifth level of protein structural organization termed quinary structure. To explore the implication of potential quinary structure for globular proteins, we studied the dynamics and conformations of Escherichia coli (E. coli) peptidyl‐prolyl cis/trans isomerase B (PpiB) in E. coli cells. PpiB plays a major role in maturation and regulation of folded proteins by catalyzing the cis/trans isomerization of the proline imidic peptide bond. We applied electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) techniques, utilizing both Gadolinium (Gd(III)) and nitroxide spin labels. In addition to using standard spin labeling approaches with genetically engineered cysteines, we incorporated an unnatural amino acid to achieve Gd(III)‐nitroxide orthogonal labeling. We probed PpiB's residue‐specific dynamics by X‐band continuous wave EPR at ambient temperatures and its structure by double electron–electron resonance (DEER) on frozen samples. PpiB was delivered to E. coli cells by electroporation. We report a significant decrease in the dynamics induced by the cellular environment for two chosen labeling positions. These changes could not be reproduced by adding crowding agents and cell extracts. Concomitantly, we report a broadening of the distance distribution in E. coli, determined by Gd(III)–Gd(III) DEER measurements, as compared with solution and human HeLa cells. This suggests an increase in the number of PpiB conformations present in E. coli cells, possibly due to interactions with other cell components, which also contributes to the reduction in mobility and suggests the presence of a quinary structure.
A PDZ scaffolding/CaM‐mediated pathway in Cryptochrome signaling
Authors: Bellanda Massimo , Damulewicz Milena , Zambelli Barbara , Costanzi Elisa , Gregoris Francesco , Mammi Stefano , Tosatto Silvio C. E. , Costa Rodolfo , Minervini Giovanni , Mazzotta Gabriella M.
Published: February 2024

Cryptochromes are cardinal constituents of the circadian clock, which orchestrates daily physiological rhythms in living organisms. A growing body of evidence points to their participation in pathways that have not traditionally been associated with circadian clock regulation, implying that cryptochromes may be subject to modulation by multiple signaling mechanisms. In this study, we demonstrate that human CRY2 (hCRY2) forms a complex with the large, modular scaffolding protein known as Multi‐PDZ Domain Protein 1 (MUPP1). This interaction is facilitated by the calcium‐binding protein Calmodulin (CaM) in a calcium‐dependent manner. Our findings suggest a novel cooperative mechanism for the regulation of mammalian cryptochromes, mediated by calcium ions (Ca2+) and CaM. We propose that this Ca2+/CaM‐mediated signaling pathway may be an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that has been maintained from Drosophila to mammals, most likely in relation to its potential role in the broader context of cryptochrome function and regulation. Further, the understanding of cryptochrome interactions with other proteins and signaling pathways could lead to a better definition of its role within the intricate network of molecular interactions that govern circadian rhythms.
Population pharmacokinetics of the GIP/GLP receptor agonist tirzepatide
Authors: Schneck Karen , Urva Shweta
Published: February 2024

Tirzepatide is a first‐in‐class glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist approved as for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. A population‐based pharmacokinetic (PK) model was developed from 19 pooled studies. Tirzepatide pharmacokinetics were well‐described by a two‐compartment model with first order absorption and elimination. The tirzepatide population PK model utilized a semimechanistic allometry model to describe the relationship between body size and tirzepatide PK. The half‐life of tirzepatide was ~5 days and enabled sustained exposure with once‐weekly subcutaneous dosing. The covariate analysis suggested that adjustment of the dose regimen based on demographics or subpopulations was unnecessary. The tirzepatide PK model can be used to predict tirzepatide exposure for various scenarios or populations.
Herb‐drug interactions: A short review on central and peripheral nervous system drugs
Authors: Bernardo João , Valentão Patrícia
Published: February 2024

Herbal medicines are widely perceived as natural and safe remedies. However, their concomitant use with prescribed drugs is a common practice, often undertaken without full awareness of the potential risks and frequently without medical supervision. This practice introduces a tangible risk of herb‐drug interactions, which can manifest as a spectrum of consequences, ranging from acute, self‐limited reactions to unpredictable and potentially lethal scenarios. This review offers a comprehensive overview of herb‐drug interactions, with a specific focus on medications targeting the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems. Our work draws upon a broad range of evidence, encompassing preclinical data, animal studies, and clinical case reports. We delve into the intricate pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics underpinning each interaction, elucidating the mechanisms through which these interactions occur. One pressing issue that emerges from this analysis is the need for updated guidelines and sustained pharmacovigilance efforts. The topic of herb‐drug interactions often escapes the attention of both consumers and healthcare professionals. To ensure patient safety and informed decision‐making, it is imperative that we address this knowledge gap and establish a framework for continued monitoring and education. In conclusion, the use of herbal remedies alongside conventional medications is a practice replete with potential hazards. This review not only underscores the real and significant risks associated with herb‐drug interactions but also underscores the necessity for greater awareness, research, and vigilant oversight in this often‐overlooked domain of healthcare.
3D Dirac Semimetal Supported Tunable Multi‐Frequency Terahertz Metamaterial Absorbers
Authors: Liu Shilin , Cao Wenhan , Jiang Shizeng , He Lianhao , Lin Fangting , He Xiaoyong
Published: February 2024

In recent years, 3D Dirac semimetals (DSM) with linear energy‐momentum dispersion near the Fermi points have emerged as promising material candidates for novel tunable metamaterial devices due to their prominent electromagnetic performance and excellent tunability. In this work, the propagation characteristics of 3D DSM‐supported double and triple stripe patterned metamaterial absorbers (MMAs) are investigated in the terahertz (THz) regime by facile modulation of the Fermi level. The results manifest that for the double stripe patterned devices, two strong absorption peaks with near unity are observed at 0.97 THz and 1.63 THz, respectively. When the Fermi level varies in the range of 0.01–0.15 eV, the amplitude (frequency) modulation depth of resonance is up to 77% (27.3%). Additionally, triple stripe MMAs supported by 3D DSM are devised, which can achieve resonant absorption peaks at three specific frequencies of 0.23, 0.345, and 0.46 THz, while the amplitudes of the peaks are as high as 0.997, 0.940, and 0.779, respectively. Furthermore, the resonances can also be regulated, and the amplitude MD reaches ≈20%. These results are very helpful in understanding the tuning mechanisms of metamaterial devices and aiding the design of THz functional devices, such as receivers, detectors, and modulators.
A case of coagulation factor V inhibitor induced by immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy
Authors: Haruta Yuki , Azuma Masanori , Sado Toshikatsu , Saito Ryuichi , Miyazaki Yoshimune , Noda Akihiro , Kitagawa Reina , Hori Yasutaka , Fujimoto Sayaka , Hasegawa Yoshinori , Ueda Tetsuya , Yamamura Ryosuke
Published: February 2024

A 73‐year‐old woman with lung adenocarcinoma (cT4N3M1a: Stage IVA) was treated with atezolizumab as the eighth line of therapy. Four weeks after the fourth dose of atezolizumab, the prothrombin time (PT) and activated thromboplastin time (APTT) were prolonged. Coagulation factor V (FV) activity was decreased, and FV inhibitors were observed. There was no history of PT or APTT prolongation or bleeding before the use of atezolizumab. Atezolizumab‐induced coagulation FV inhibitor was diagnosed. After 2 weeks, the PT and APTT spontaneously normalized. FV activity improved and the FV inhibitors disappeared after 6 and 9 weeks, respectively.
Reinfusion of peritoneal fluid elevates the level of plasma D‐dimer in patients with early‐onset ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
Authors: Kumazawa Shiori , Saito Kazuki , Hashido Nanako , Ibi Rinko , Ishikawa Tomonori , Wakabayashi Akira , Miyasaka Naoyuki
Published: February 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to elucidate the factors that affect the dynamics of blood D‐dimer in ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS).

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed medical records from two hospitals and extracted data obtained during assisted reproductive technology and OHSS treatment. Blood D‐dimer levels during hospitalization were plotted against body weight. Other factors possibly related to blood D‐dimer levels were also analyzed.

Results

The analysis included 10 patients with OHSS admitted between January 2013 and June 2023. In all patients, blood D‐dimer levels increased significantly when they convalesced from OHSS and lost weight. None of the patients showed clinical signs of thrombosis, which was confirmed using imaging tests in 8 of 10 patients. Two patients underwent cell‐free and concentrated ascites reinfusion therapy (CART), and their blood D‐dimer levels increased dramatically after the procedure.

Conclusion

Weight change and CART are associated with blood D‐dimer dynamics in OHSS. Our results show that elevated blood D‐dimer levels in patients with OHSS do not always represent the presence of thrombosis. Reinfusion of pooled D‐dimer in ascites may explain the D‐dimer surge during the recovery phase or after CART in these patients. Our study provides new perspectives on the clinical implications of D‐dimer during OHSS.
Unmanned air/ground vehicle survey following a radiological dispersal event
Authors: Munsie Timothy , Beckman Blake , Fawkes Ross , Shippen Alan B. , Fairbrother Blaine , Green Anna Rae
Published: February 2024

This paper presents the method and results of surveying a dispersed radioactive field using an unmanned air vehicle (UAV) and an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV). A 35 GBq of La material was distributed in a specific geometric
l‐polygon pattern measuring a 120 m  20 m longitudinal rectangle and an 80 m  10 m transverse rectangle. Two methods were used to determine the amount and distribution of the lanthanum over the polygon including 20 plywood coupons distributed over the area and a UGV equipped with a Kromek GR1® driving over the area. The aerial survey was conducted using an unmanned aerial vehicle UAV carrying the Kromek GR1® while flying a traditional grid pattern and circular pattern at different elevations and speeds over the area. The data collected by the UAV were further postprocessed using N‐Visage, a 3D radiation modeling method developed by Createc, to create a model of the ground activity. This model was compared with the reference data collected on the ground by the UGV and was found to be in agreement with 11%.
Nautilus: An autonomous surface vehicle with a multilayer software architecture for offshore inspection
Authors: Campos Daniel F. , Gonçalves Eduardo P. , Campos Hugo J. , Pereira Maria I. , Pinto Andry M.
Published: February 2024

The increasing adoption of robotic solutions for inspection tasks in challenging environments is becoming increasingly prevalent, particularly in the offshore wind energy industry. This trend is driven by the critical need to safeguard the integrity and operational efficiency of offshore infrastructure. Consequently, the design of inspection vehicles must comply with rigorous requirements established by the offshore Operation and Maintenance (O&M) industry. This work presents the design of an autonomous surface vehicle (ASV), named Nautilus, specifically tailored to withstand the demanding conditions of offshore O&M scenarios. The design encompasses both hardware and software architectures, ensuring Nautilus's robustness and adaptability to the harsh maritime environment. It presents a compact hull capable of operating in moderate sea states (wave height up to 2.5 m), with a modular hardware and software architecture that is easily adapted to the mission requirements. It has a perception payload and communication system for edge and real‐time computing, communicates with a Shore Control Center and allows beyond visual line‐of‐sight operations. The Nautilus software architecture aims to provide the necessary flexibility for different mission requirements to offer a unified software architecture for O&M operations. Nautilus's capabilities were validated through the professional testing process of the ATLANTIS Test Center, involving operations in both near‐real and real‐world environments. This validation process culminated in Nautilus's reaching a Technology Readiness Level 8 and became the first ASV to execute autonomous tasks at a floating offshore wind farm located in the Atlantic.