bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling Delta Smelt Distribution for Hypothesized Swimming Behaviors
Authors: Gross Edward , Korman Josh , Grimaldo Lenny , MacWilliams Michael , Bever Aaron , Smith Peter
Published: March 2021

Delta Smelt, Hypomesus transpacificus, is an endangered pelagic fish native to the San Francisco Estuary. The distribution of Delta Smelt in the estuary shifts landward from low-salinity habitat to freshwater habitat before spawning. This spawning migration often coincides with the first substantial freshwater inflow to the estuary during winter. To accomplish this landward shift in distribution, Delta Smelt are believed to use the tides by swimming to faster-moving currents during flood tides and then repositioning themselves to slower-moving currents to reduce seaward movement on ebb tides. Studies have hypothesized that the swimming behavior of Delta Smelt during this period is influenced by environmental conditions such as salinity and turbidity. The details of these swimming behaviors—including the extent to which flows, salinity, and turbidity affect behaviors and distributions—are uncertain. The spawning migration is of management interest because an increase in observed counts of Delta Smelt at the South Delta water-export facilities has coincided roughly with the spawning migration in many years. In this study, we investigated a range of hypothesized swimming behaviors using a three-dimensional particle-tracking model for water year 2002 during the spawning migration, and compared the predicted distributions of Delta Smelt to distributions inferred from catch data. Our goal was to improve understanding of the influence of Delta Smelt swimming on distribution, and, ultimately, to develop a modeling tool to help management agencies identify conditions associated with entrainment losses. Predictions of Delta Smelt distributions and entrainment varied greatly among behaviors. Without swimming, Delta Smelt would be rapidly transported seaward of Suisun Bay, while continuous tidal migration would move them deep into the interior Delta. These behaviors and a simple turbidity-driven behavior model predicted distributions inconsistent with observations, while more complex behavior rules allowed improved predictions.
Hermeneutika sebagai Metode Tafsir: Mengurai Konstruksi Pengetahuan Generasi Z Kota Malang
Authors: Miski M. , Priyandini Lulu Fauziah , Sudawam M. Rozik , Wardah Megawati Ayu Rahmawati , Alim Alvian Chandra
Published: March 2021

This study is intended to answer three main questions. First, how does the Z generation in Malang City responds to the use of hermeneutics as a method of interpreting the Qur'an by Muslim scholars? Second, how is the process of transmitting their knowledge about it? And third, how is the construction of their knowledge about the ideal interpretation of the Qur'an and can respond to socio-religious dynamics and phenomena? This study is a field study, while the primary respondents are Z generation in Malang City. The use of descriptive, hermeneutic, and intertext analysis models on data, the results of this study showed that there are differences conveyed by the Z generation of Malang City related to the use of hermeneutics as a method of interpretation of the Qur'an: some of them accept it, while others reject it. The transmission of their knowledge about hermeneutics also varies; most of them are correlated with social media, some are still conventional, which relies on information from teachers, and so on. This showed that generation Z of Malang city is not entirely averse to issues that tend to be controversial. Moreover, the authority for interpreting the Qur'an has not entirely shifted from the real world to cyberspace, no matter how dependent they are on the new media.
Correction to: The ratio of shear to elastic modulus of in-plane loaded masonry
Authors: Wilding Bastian Valentin , Godio Michele , Beyer Katrin
Published: March 2021

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-021-01653-6
Exocrine Pancreatic Cell NF-κB/AP-1 Crosstalk Downstream of ERK MAPK
Authors: EC Twait , I Samuel
Published: March 2021

Aim: To test the hypothesis that cooperative interactions between transcription factors Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and Activator Protein-1 (AP1) augment transcriptional activity in exocrine pancreatic cells.
Quantitative detection of circulating MT-ND1 as a potential biomarker for colorectal cancer
Authors: Xu Yichun , Zhou Jiajing , Yuan Qing , Su Jun , Li Qian , Lu Xiaoliang , Zhang Liwen , Cai Zhai , Han Junsong
Published: March 2021

Liquid biopsy represents a diagnostic and monitoring tool and the circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) plays a vital role in tumor diagnosis and dynamic assessment. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common fatal cancers worldwide. Mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (MT-ND1) encodes the biggest subunit of respiratory complex I of mtDNA, and mutations in the MT-ND1 are common in CRC. We sought to determine if mutations in circulating MT-ND1 could be a potential biomarker for colorectal cancer. In this study, twenty-two CRC patients at Zhujiang Hospital were included. We mainly used droplet digital PCR to determine the mutation status of MT-ND1, combined with clinical data. In the experiment in vivo, cell-free mtDNA generally presented high concordance with tumor tissues. By quantitative PCR, the MT-ND1 content of plasma in CRC patients was significantly higher than that in healthy individuals (58.01 vs. 0.64, p=0.027). The detection of circulating MT-ND1 content and variants (m.3606 A>G, m.3970 C>T, m.4071 C>T, m.4086 C>T) in cfDNA showed a good correlation with predicted tumor response and progression to chemotherapy. In conclusion, the content and variants of circulating MT-ND1 may become a versatile tool for the diagnosis and monitoring of the colorectal cancer.
‘Global Emblems’ and ‘Transmission and Intermediality: the impact of the emblematic culture on the early Americas’
Authors: Germano Leal Pedro
Published: March 2021

This white paper briefly outlines two co-dependent research initiatives: ‘Global Emblems’ and ‘Transmission and Intermediality: the impact of the emblematic culture in Ibero-America’. Both projects are in their initial stage of development, at Brown University.

▪ ‘Global Emblems’ is set to map, document and study the presence of emblems in material culture, around the world, and cross-link these occurrences with pre-existing digital collections of emblem books. The database will be fed by an international network of specialists, which is already active, with members in over ten countries and the support of the Society for Emblem Studies. The platform will allow searches by concepts (using Iconclass classification system) and a number of locations will allow users to ‘visit’ them through Virtual Reality (360 annotated photos). The database will be systematically studied through ‘thematic clusters’.

Although at first glance the focus on emblems may seem narrow, emblems have a broad geographical and historical spread, which can be traced, and that provides the necessary data for the kind of analytical and interpretative study required in the second research initiative, which illustrates the importance of emblems within the wider frame of Latin American cultural history.

▪ ‘Transmission and Intermediality: the impact of the emblematic culture on the Early Americas’ will analyse the data from ‘Global Emblems’ in order to understand the role of emblems in the colonial process in the Americas. More specifically, this project will look at the ‘pictorial dispute’ in the New World, by examining the ‘pictorial turn’ from the ‘catecismos jeroglíficos’ to the displayed emblems in the 17th-century (many of them resulting from the remediation of European prints), and the ideological, political and sociological implications around the presence of these emblems in buildings and early-modern festivals.
Iconografía de Santa Teresa
Authors: Moreno Cuadro Fernando
Published: March 2021

Se presenta el proyecto de iconografía teresiana que he llevado a cabo en las tres últimas décadas, partiendo del deseo de conocer los temas y tipos iconográficos de una de las mujeres más importantes en la Historia de la Iglesia, la fundadora del Carmelo teresiano, a la que se han dedicado numerosas representaciones artísticas, lo que hizo que la tarea no fuera fácil por el ingente material a examinar que, finalmente, se ha dado a conocer a la comunidad científica en cuatro volúmenes que recogen los objetivos planteados, La herencia del espíritu de Elías (2016) que incardina a la reformadora en el Carmelo de la antigua observancia, Las series grabadas (2017) que permitían la trasmisión de temas y tipos, que se abordan en el tercer volumen De las visiones a la vida cotidiana (2018), para concluir con la Iconografía de los reformadores descalzos y la estampa alegórica (2919).
La reconstrucción histórica del arte colonial a través de sus fuentes grabadas: El caso de PESSCA
Authors: Ojeda Di Ninno Almerindo
Published: March 2021

El propósito de este ensayo es presentar el Proyecto para el Estudio de las Fuentes Grabadas del Arte Colonial (PESSCA), delinear las contribucio­nes que hace este proyecto a la catalogación, hermenéutica, ontología, restauración, reconstrucción, y recuperación del arte colonial, e ilustrar, en mayor detalle, las contribu­ciones que ofrece dicho proyecto a la reconstrucción virtual o histórica de obras coloniales que se encuentran demasiado dañadas para emprender su restaura­ción. Aquí presentaremos la reconstrucción histórica de lienzos de la Catedral y de San Francisco de Quito (Ecuador) y Santa Catalina de Arequipa (Perú), de un cuero del Museum of International Folk Art de Nuevo México (Estados Unidos), y de varias pinturas murales de los estados de Hidalgo y Oaxaca (México).
Proyecto de traducción del MUNDUS SYMBOLICUS de Filippo Picinelli en el Centro de Estudios de las Tradiciones del Colegio de Michoacán
Authors: Skinfill Nogal Bárbara
Published: March 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo es dar a conocer el proyecto de traducción y edición de la enciclopedia de emblemas e imprese Mundus Symbolicus de Filippo Picinelli que se lleva a cabo en el Centro de Estudios de las Tradiciones de El Colegio de Michoacán. Así, la traducción permitirá al lector moderno y, en especial, a los historiadores del arte descifrar los significados latentes de los símbolos empleados en la producción plástica y literaria, así como en diversos espacios culturales en donde floreció la emblemática.
Monumenta Iconográfica Americana: la imagen de América en las artes europeas e iberoamericanas
Authors: Fernández Muñoz Yolanda , Díaz Mayordomo Alicia
Published: March 2021

El grupo de investigación «Extremadura y América» de la Universidad de Extremadura, presenta el proyecto Monumenta Iconográfica Américana: La imagen de América en las artes europeas e iberoamericanas, para crear un gran banco de imágenes sobre la iconografía de la imagen de América en los tiempos de la modernidad y la contemporaneidad, mediante el trabajo de búsqueda, recopilación y análisis de diferentes acervos documentales y bibliográficos nacionales e internacionales. El repertorio iconográfico ocupará desde las cartas ilustradas de Colón impresas en 1493 hasta la imagen del continente americano que se ha dado en el arte, el cine, la prensa gráfica y en los mass media del siglo XX, haciendo especial hincapié en la imagen de la mujer en todos los apartados.
Materials and Methods -Pan-transcriptomic profiling reveals novel transcripts, isomorphs and non-coding RNAs in endemic pathogenic fungus Talaromyces marneffei v1
Authors: Menegidio Fabiano
Published: March 2021

This manuscript describes a pan-transcriptomic profile of Talaromyces marneffei performed with the aid of an RNA-seq-based approach, aimed at characterizing the general transcriptome in this human pathogenic fungus, responsible for talaromycosis. Results confirm that ~58.28% of the genes currently annotated in the T. marneffei genome are, in fact, transcribed in vivo and that ~23.6% of them may display alternative isomorphs. Moreover, we identified 585 transcripts that do not match any gene currently mapped in the genome, represented by 7,358 coding transcripts and 211 non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including 102 long-non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs).
Treatment regimens used in the management of Helicobacter pylori in Colombia v1
Authors: Valladales-REstrepo Luis
Published: March 2021

Background:Helicobacter pylori infection can cause gastritis, gastric ulcers, duodenal ulcers and gastric cancer. Its treatment involves different medications, but resistance to these treatments is increasing. It is currently considered a public health problem. The objective was to identify H. pylori eradication regimens by age group, year of treatment and geographical region of Colombia. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional study that identified the H. pylori eradication regimens used for patients treated in outpatient consultations over a 6-year period based on a medication dispensing database of 8.5 million people affiliated with the Colombian Health Care System. Sociodemographic and pharmacological variables were considered. A descriptive analysis was performed. Results: A total of 12,011 patients with a diagnosis of acid-peptic disease and H. pylori infection were identified. They had a median age of 49.9 years, and 65.5% were women, and they had undergone 12,426 eradication treatment regimens. Of these, 98.0% used a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), and 91.1% used amoxicillin. A total of 56.1% of the regimens were considered adequate; of these, 42.0% corresponded to the combination of PPI, amoxicillin and clarithromycin. This regimen predominated between 2015 and 2017 for all age groups and in all geographic regions except the Amazon-Orinoquía-Eastern region. Starting in 2018, the PPI, amoxicillin and metronidazole regimens predominated. Conclusions: The management of H. pylori infection in the majority of patients is heterogeneous and inconsistent with current recommendations based on evidence of antimicrobial resistance.
Conceptual Scheme of Motor Asymmetry Control in Aerobic Cyclic Sports
Authors: Khudik Svetlana S. , Chikurov Aleksandr I. , Burmistrov Andrey D. , Voinich Aleksandr L.
Published: March 2021

In this article, based on well-known literary data, the motor asymmetry of a person in the training process of aerobic cyclic sports is considered. The authors have analyzed the features of manifestation and consequences of the formation of motor asymmetry, and assessed its impact on sports performance. Motor asymmetry has been found to be based on the genetic characteristics of the organism, but the lateral phenotype may change during a multi-year training process under the influence of physical exertion. Excessive asymmetry has been shown to cause various pathologies and injuries. The results of the study indicate that in aerobic cyclic sports motor asymmetry can be both a factor contributing to the growth of sports performance and a limiting one, depending on what function this or that part of the body performs. Despite the repetitive cycle of motor actions, typical for cyclic sports, only in 3 out of the 8 considered functions performed by limbs or a certain part of the body, motor asymmetry was a limiting factor. This allowed the authors to predict a possible conceptual scheme of motor asymmetry control in aerobic cyclic sports
Manufacturing of Opals from Polymethylmethacrylate Particles in Dispersion Media with Different Viscosities
Authors: Nemtsev Ivan V. , Shabanova Olga V.
Published: March 2021

The article was prepared based on the materials of the report at the first All-Russian scientific conference with international participation "YENISEI PHOTONICS – 2020". Photonic crystals are structures that have a spatial architecture with a periodically changing complex dielectric function at scales comparable to the wavelengths of light in the visible frequency range. The purpose of this study is to obtain three-dimensional photonic crystals by self-assembly from submicron spherical monodisperse particles of polymethylmethacrylate in dispersion media with different viscosities
Supercritical Convection of Water in an Elongated Cavity at a Given Vertical Heat Flux
Authors: Sharifulin Vadim A. , Lyubimova Tatyana P.
Published: March 2021

The supercritical modes of water convection are investigated at room temperature in an elongated horizontal cavityes, with a width-to-height ratios of 2 : 1 and 3 : 1. The Prandtl number is assumed to be equal to seven. A constant heat flux is set at the upper free and lower solid boundaries, and the lateral solid boundaries are assumed to be thermally insulated. Calculations carried out by the finite-difference method for values of the Rayleigh number exceeding the critical one by up to thirty times have shown that in the indicated interval of Rayleigh numbers in both cavities in the supercritical region, a single-vortex steady state is realized
Method for Determining the Mass Flow for Pressure Measurements of Gas Hydrates Formation in the Well
Authors: Borisova Natalya N. , Rozhin Igor I.
Published: March 2021

The work focuses on the inverse problem of determining differential equation coefficients for additional information on the behavior of solution. Furthermore, the algorithm for determining parameters of systems of ordinary differential equations on the basis of stomatal pressure measurements is generalized for the model of hydrate formation when the internal well section of changes with time and also has to be determined during the solution of the general problem. The computational experiment has been conducted for wells of Otradninsky gas condensate deposits of the Republic Sakha (Yakutia), the exploitation of which indicates that the complications are most likely caused by formation of gas hydrates both in the bottom-hole and in the well and its plumes. It has been established that the most important influence on the dynamics of hydrate plugs formation in wells is the gas production mode, its equation of state, reservoir and geocryological conditions. Time dependency of mass flow has been determined, which knowledge will make it possible to control the change of flow area of the entire well and, if necessary, to prevent and remove formation of natural gas hydrates
A novel approach to optimize the maintenance strategies: a case in the hydroelectric power plant
Authors: Özcan Evrencan , Yumuşak Rabia , Eren Tamer
Published: March 2021

Countries need to develop sustainable energy policies based on the principles of environmental sensitivity, reliability, efficiency, economy and uninterrupted service and to maintain
their energy supply in order to increase their global competitiveness. In addition to this
impact of sustainable energy supply on the global world, maintenance processes in power
plants require high costs due to allocated time, materials and labor, and generation loss.
Thus, the maintenance needs to be managed within a system. This makes analytical and feasible maintenance planning a necessity in power plants. In this context, this study focuses on
maintenance strategy optimization which is the first phase of maintenance planning for one
of the large-scale hydroelectric power plants with a direct effect on Turkey's energy supply
security with its one fifth share in total generation. In this study, a new model is proposed for
the maintenance strategy optimization problem considering the multi-objective and multicriteria structure of hydroelectric power plants with hundreds of complex equipment and the
direct effect of these equipment on uninterrupted and cost-effective electricity generation.
In the model, two multi-criteria decision-making methods, AHP and COPRAS methods,
are integrated with integer programming method and optimal maintenance strategies are
obtained for 571 equipment.
Kesiapan infrastruktur data spasial sebagai upaya mitigasi banjir lahar di kali putih Kabupaten Magelang Jawa Tengah
Authors: Permatasari Afrinia Lisditya , Suherningtyas Ika Afianita , Wiguna Putu Perdana Kusuma
Published: March 2021

Availability of Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) has an important role in disaster management. The purpose of this research is to analyze the readiness of the Spatial Data Infrastructure (IDS) as an effort to mitigate the lava flood in Kali Putih, Magelang Regency, Central Java. The research method was carried out by interview, survey and secondary data collection and SWOT analysis. The results of the SWOT analysis, on the Strength-Opportunity matrix, conclude that the optimization of Spatial Data Infrastructure (IDS) and the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) in the field of Geospatial Information (IG). The Strenght-Threath analysis concludes the need to use quality spatial data for government agencies. Opportunity - Weakness analysis concludes that there is a need for Web GIS development and the need to improve the quality of GI and the quality of human resources in the field of GI. Threat-Weakness analysis resulted in a conclusion, namely the need to refer to the one map and one data policy as well as the ID and SDI field policies.
Estimating E-Bayesian of Parameters of Inverse Weibull Distribution Using an Unified Hybrid Censoring Scheme
Authors: Yaghoobzadeh Shahrastani Shahram , Makhdoom Iman
Published: March 2021

The combination of generalization Type-I hybrid censoring and generalization Type-II hybrid censoring schemes, scheme creates a new censoring called a Unified hybrid censoring scheme. Therefore, in this study, the E-Bayesian estimation of parameters of the inverse Weibull (IW) distribution is obtained under the unified hybrid censoring scheme, and the efficiency of the proposed method was compared with the Bayesian estimator using Monte Carlo simulation and a real data set.
Evaluation of maternal and fetal outcome in pregnancies complicated by jaundice-an observational study
Authors: Kishore Ruchi , Thakur Neha , Tuwani Mitali
Published: March 2021

Background: The spectrum of jaundice in pregnancy varies from a benign condition with good maternal and fetal outcome to a severe form resulting in liver failure and maternal and fetal mortality. Jaundice may complicate 3-5% of pregnancies. Present study was aimed to analyze the cause, course and impact of jaundice during pregnancy so as to have better understanding and hence better feto-maternal outcome. The present study aimed to analyze the various causes of hepatic dysfunction in pregnancy, maternal and fetal outcome in pregnancies complicated by jaundice and various hematological and liver function variables for predicting maternal and fetal outcome.Methods: The present study was an observational study conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Pt. JNM medical college and associated Dr. BRAM hospital, Raipur (CG) over period of 2 year from September 2018 to September 2020.Results: Total 0.72% pregnancies were complicated by jaundice. HELLP syndrome was the commonest cause of jaundice in pregnancy (36.7%), followed by viral hepatitis (32.7%). Hepatitis E was the most common type of viral hepatitis (91.8%). Hemolytic jaundice presented with best maternal outcome (maternal mortality rate 8.6%). Worst maternal outcome was seen in AFLP (maternal mortality rate 100%). Best fetal outcome was seen in viral hepatitis (live birth rate 67.6%), whereas worst noted with AFLP (fetal death rate 66.6%). Higher total serum bilirubin, higher serum AST, anemia and deranged INR had significant correlation with maternal mortality.Conclusions: HELLP syndrome and viral hepatitis are preventable causes of jaundice yet it contributed to significant proportion of maternal deaths in 26.5 and 18.5% cases respectively. AFLP is often under diagnosed and had a fulminant course in pregnancy causing maternal and fetal mortality.
Study of morbidity and mortality in HIV positive surgical patients in Western Rajasthan
Authors: Lal Mangi , Singh Narender , Rathore Shaitan S. , R. Girija H.
Published: March 2021

Background: HIV infection affects the differential diagnosis of surgical disease nutritional status and life expectancy. Some have suggested that HIV infection may also influence post-operative wound healing and complication rates. Others have stated that HIV infection should have only minor influence on decision-making for many surgical conditions and therefore standard surgical approaches are appropriate.  Methods: All HIV positive patients admitted in general surgical wards were divided into two groups- 1. Conservative, 2. Operative. Operative patients were placed into 4 subgroups according to CDC surgical wound classification-Clean, clean-contaminated, contaminated and dirty-infected. Patients were followed up in post-operative ward till discharge or mortality. At the time of discharge outcome were rated as-Good, fair and poor.Results: Patients between age 31-30 and 41-50 years were commonly and equally affected (60.6%). Farmer males were predominantly involved in all age groups except of age group >50 years. 28 (84.85%) patients were on ART therapy. Most common affected body part is abdomen (60.60%). In 22 (66.67%) cases operative procedure done; among them 14 (63.63%) were emergency and 8 (36.37%) were elective. Fistulectomy (25%) was commonest in elective surgeries and open appendicectomy (35.71%) was commonest in emergency surgeries. In 4 cases systemic complications occurred and one case had local complication. 30 patients were discharged in satisfactory condition and 3 patients expired.Conclusions: No significant correlation between survival outcomes (mortality and morbidity) with hospital stay (p=0.444), between type of operation (emergency or elective) and mortality (p=0.502) and demographic and clinical variables (age, gender, hospital stay, effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) duration) to survival outcome of HIV patients.
The impact of pre-operative computed tomography scan in patients underwent septoplasty on the postoperative complications
Authors: AlQahtani Abdulwahid S. , Dagriri Ramzi M. , Shamakhi Radeif E. , Alrasheed Ahmad M. , Etwadi Ahmed A. , AlQahtani Khalid A.
Published: March 2021

Background: Deviated nasal septum (DNS) is one of the most frequent causes of nasal obstruction in adults. An anterior rhinoscopy (AR), which is usually the first diagnostic procedure in the evaluation of obstructive nasal pathologies, is often inadequate in the assessment of the posterior nasal cavity and the gold standard method for the evaluation of paranasal anatomy and inflammatory paranasal sinus pathologies is paranasal sinus computed tomography (PNS CT). Aim was to validate the recommendation of pre-operative computed tomography scan in minimizing post-septoplasty complications.

Methods: A retrospective record based study was conducted including all patients with clinically diagnosed DNS and undergone surgical intervention at Khamis Mushayet General Hospital. Data extracted included patients demographic data, and post-operative recorded complications and history of preoperative CT scan for evaluating and grading DNS.  

Results: A total sample of 60 patients’ undergone septoplasty for DNS. Patients who undergone preoperative CT were 30. The remaining 30 patients didn’t undergone pre-operative CT for evaluation of DNS. The most diagnosed complication was nasal obstruction (28.3%) followed by external nose deformity (20%). Exact of 47% of patients had postoperative nasal obstruction didn’t undergone pre-operative CT. About 42% of those who had postoperative nasal deformity didn’t undergone CT while 33% of patient who had post-operative bleeding and septal perforation didn’t undergone CT.

Conclusions: In conclusion, the study revealed that preoperative CT showed insignificant efficacy in relieving nasal obstruction or minimizing postoperative complications.
Análisis de políticas agropecuarias en Guatemala
Authors: Derlagen Christian , Muñoz Gonzalo , De Salvo Carmine Paolo
Published: March 2021

En los últimos 15 años, el desempeño del sector agropecuario, en términos de crecimiento del PIB agropecuario, ha sido ligeramente inferior al crecimiento de la economía en general. No obstante, en varios años (2009, 2011, 2012 y 2013) el crecimiento del sector agropecuario registró tasas de entre 4.7% y 5%, superando el crecimiento del PIB nacional. En el 2019, el sector agropecuario representó el 9,4% del PIB. El sector emplea casi un tercio de la población (31.5% de la población económicamente activa) y es responsable de más del 45% de las exportaciones totales. En términos de productos, el sector está altamente diversificado e incluye la producción de granos básicos (en particular maíz, frijoles y arroz), exportaciones tradicionales (café, azúcar, banano, cardamomo), así como productos de exportación no-tradicionales como frutas frescas (principalmente melón, sandía y mango) y verduras. Este informe, preparado en el marco de la iniciativa Agrimonitor del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID), proporciona un análisis detallado y cuantitativo de las políticas públicas aplicadas al sector agropecuario en Guatemala. El Gobierno de Guatemala emplea varios instrumentos de política en apoyo al sector agropecuario, los cuales generan transferencias positivas hacia el sector. En el periodo 2012 2018, el apoyo representó el 4.12% de los ingresos brutos de los agricultores. La mayor parte del apoyo se otorga en forma de protección al precio de mercado. La carne de pollo, el azúcar y los granos básicos - sobre todo el maíz y el frijol - son los productos que reciben más apoyo. Las transferencias presupuestarias directas a productores son superiores al apoyo a los servicios generales. El análisis de la contribución de las políticas agropecuarias al cambio climático mostró que los productos con mayor peso en la emisión de gases de efecto invernadero, como la carne de res y la leche, reciben apoyos netamente negativos. El apoyo total, o el conjunto de todas las transferencias generadas por las políticas agropecuarias, mostró una gran volatilidad. En 2017, el total del apoyo al sector agropecuario fue de sólo 0.16% del PIB, mientras que en promedio ese apoyo representó 0.47% del PIB durante todo el periodo 2011 2018.
Country Brief on the Fiscal and Public Debt Situation in Haiti
Authors: Anglade Boaz , Giles Álvarez Laura
Published: March 2021

This document describes the fiscal and public debt situation in Haiti. Particular attention is paid to the impacts of the outbreak of COVID-19 that began in the early months of 2020, and to the measures adopted by governments to address the pandemic and their effects on production, consumption, and public accounts. The document also discusses Haiti's growth prospects and recommends specific policies.
Country Brief on the Fiscal and Public Debt Situation in Brazil
Authors: Rossi Júnior José Luiz
Published: March 2021

This document describes the fiscal and public debt situation in Brazil. Particular attention is paid to the impacts of the outbreak of COVID-19 that began in the early months of 2020, and to the measures adopted by governments to address the pandemic and their effects on production, consumption, and public accounts. The document also discusses Brazil's growth prospects and recommends specific policies.
Formulasi Arema Ralia (Aloe Vera Gel Mask With Extract Annredera Cordifolia) dan Tinjauan Aspek Kehalalannya
Authors: Shofa Sintia Ainus , Maulana Achmad
Published: March 2021

Aloe vera gel mask is one of the most popular cosmetic products in the world. In Indonesian sales, locally made it by contain alcohol (ethanol). Argued that ethanol is a type of alcohol can irritate quickly for sensitive skin. Alcohol is often perceived by some people as non halal. Based on the problems, innovation of Aloe Vera Gel mask for sensitive skins are made, named Arema Ralia (Aloe Vera Gel Mask with Extract of Annredera Cordifolia), and need to assess its halalness. The formulation does not involve the addition of ethanol, because the main ingredient contains several antibacterial compounds such as lignin, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, polyphenols, phenols. Arema Ralia is made by mixing annredera cordifolia and aloe vera with additional ingredients such as glycerin, NaCl, and water. The halal aspects of Arema Ralia need not be doubted. Alcohol content such as polyphenols and phenols in arema ralia is safe and beneficial for the skin. In addition, Polyphenols and phenols are not categorized as illicit alcohol according to the fatwa of MUI No. 11 of 2009, so that alcohol in Arema Ralia is halal.Keywords: Arema Ralia, Annredera Cordivolia, Halal, Aloe Vera, Mask
Analisis Optimalisasi Teknologi Digital di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0 dalam Mengembangkan Kawasan Industri Pariwisata Halal guna Meningkatkan Perekonomian Lokal Kecamatan Gunungpati Kota Semarang
Authors: Rachmadi Moch Faizal
Published: March 2021

The use of appropriate digital technology can be an opportunity for Indonesia to develop its tourism sector to become a halal tourism industry to improve the national economy. Gunungpati District is one of the regions that has superior potential in the field of tourism. However, the absence of a halal tourism industry area and the use of technology that is not maximized make the tourism sector not too attractive to the wider community. Therefore, efforts are needed to optimize the flow of this digital technology massively. The purpose of this study is to improve the use of digital technology in realizing Gunungpati District into a halal tourism area. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative analysis method with secondary data to describe the phenomena that occur in the field in explaining the data to support this work. Based on the study conducted it can be concluded that the use of appropriate technology can improve local and national economies through halal tourism industry.Keywords: the halal tourism industry, local economy, industrial revolution 4.0, digital technology.
Analysis of the Factors Leading to Causation of Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis among Cases Registered under Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme in East Sikkim – A Case Control Study
Authors: Zaman Forhad Akhtar , Mehta Vijay Kumar , Deokota Shraddha
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is a curable and preventable disease. Emergence of multi drug resistance TB (MDR TB) threatens to undo the progress made towards control of TB. While treatment is available for MDR TB, it is of a long duration and is also more expensive and toxic. Understanding the various factors that are associated with MDR TB may help to formulate and implement effective preventive practices for control of MDR TB. We wanted to assess the various epidemiological factors among MDR TB cases registered under Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) in East Sikkim and study the current & past TB treatment including adverse drug reactions. METHODS A community-based case control study was conducted over 4 months in the eastern district of Sikkim. MDR TB cases registered under Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) in the first two quarters of 2019 were compared with matched healthy controls. Data was collected by a door to door survey using a pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire and analysed on Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 20. RESULTS A total of 62 cases (14 non-respondents) of MDR TB were identified and were matched with 63 controls. 30.5 % cases were young adults in the age group 15 to 25 years, 66 % of the cases reported being currently unemployed, 16 % were homemakers, 11 % of cases fell below poverty line. A higher proportion of cases as compared to controls reported a habit of skipping a meal, poor housing conditions and comorbidities than controls. A known history of contact with a case of tuberculosis was given by 11.3 % cases; 18 % cases gave a previous history of TB; about 51 % cases reported a delay in diagnosis which delayed treatment initiation. CONCLUSIONS Previous history of TB with history of relapse / failure, contact of MDR TB emerged as the most significant risk factors and presence of comorbid conditions like diabetes & hypertension can be used to indicate higher risks of drug resistance. KEYWORDS Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis, MDR TB, Case control, Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme, Sikkim
Ocular Clinical Spectrum of Pseudoexfoliation in Cataract Patients at a Tertiary Eye Care Centre in Rural Maharashtra – A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Dhakne Varsha Ramesh , Karad Sourabh Hanumant , Karad Hanumant Tulshiram , Waghambare Samarth Babasaheb , Karad Madhuri Tejas , Nisale Uttam Haribhau , Pujar Rajlaxmi Suhas , Ambade Harshal Sushil
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND Pseudoexfoliation (PEX) is a systemic microfibrillopathy characterised by accumulation of gray-white fibrogranular extracellular material over the lens, pupil or cornea. Different clinical variants of PEX in cataract patients are known to occur. We wanted to study the different clinical variants of PEX in cataract patients, the intraoperative and postoperative complications and the visual prognosis of cataract surgery. METHODS A total of 100 patients with PEX in cataract were subjected to detailed examination and necessary investigations. Cataract surgery was performed in all patients using the manual small incision cataract surgery (SICS). Vision before and after surgery was recorded. Refraction was done and documented. Best corrected visual acuity was noted and was followed-up postoperatively for 2 – 4 weeks. RESULTS Maximum prevalence of PEX (57 %) was seen in 51 - 60 years of age and 64 % were males and 36 % were females. The involvement was bilateral in 53 % and unilateral in 47 % cases. The range of intraocular pressure (IOP) was 12.4 mm Hg to 23.1 mm Hg. 67 % patients had insufficient mydriasis and 81 % cases were found to have PEX material deposited on the peripheral zone and 19 % cases on both peripheral zone and central zone. A total of 27 % cases had mature cataract and 7 % had hypermature cataract. CONCLUSIONS PEX requires a thorough preoperative planning along with a proper intraoperative care to ensure an uneventful surgery and a successful postoperative result. KEYWORDS Pseudoexfoliation, Mydriasis, Cataract
Users with Disabilities, Especially Invisible Disabilities, Provide Insight into How Libraries Can Frame Accessibility Webpages
Authors: Goldstein Scott
Published: March 2021

A Review of:
Brunskill, A. (2020). “Without that detail, I’m not coming”: The perspectives of students with disabilities on accessibility information provided on academic library websites. College & Research Libraries, 81(5), 768–788. https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.81.5.768
Abstract
Objective – To understand the needs and preferences of users with disabilities for libraries’ accessibility webpages (webpages dedicated to information on disability and accessibility).
Design – Semi-structured interviews.
Setting – A large public university in the United States of America.
Subjects – 12 students who self-identify as having a disability.
Methods – Participants were asked about their expectations (if any) and experiences using library accessibility webpages, how they felt they should be organized, and where and how they would expect to find such webpages. Two lists were printed out and provided to the participants. The first, compiled from a previous study, listed common website headings (categories) under which accessibility webpages had been found, and this aided participants in selecting where they would go to find such a webpage. The second listed common types of information found on accessibility webpages. Participants were asked to use the second list to come up with their five highest priority items for accessibility webpages to cover. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed for responses to specific queries, but inductive coding was also used.
Main Results – In most of the five response clusters of interest to the author (experience/expectation of such a page existing, navigation and language preferences, overall tone and feel for the website, organization for the page, and content for the page), answers were mixed. No consensus emerged with respect to participants’ expectation of an accessibility webpage existing, how they would find the page (including the best website heading), and what content the page should contain. Participants noted that language should be welcoming and inclusive and vetted for sensitivity. The physical layout of the library and information about ambiance and furniture was frequently noted as being an important and overlooked detail to include. Some services, such as shelf pulling and online chat, were highlighted as appealing to those with “invisible” disabilities.
Conclusion – The needs and preferences of users with disabilities are varied and sometimes mutually conflicting. Based on the findings, fourteen recommendations are suggested, including providing detailed information about sensory aspects of the library, listing contact information (preferably to a named individual or group), providing useful headings within the page, and evaluating whether language on the website is welcoming.
Call for Applicants for Copyeditors for Evidence Based Library and Information Practice
Authors: . .
Published: March 2021

No abstract.
Evidence Based Library and Information Practice Adopts Author Contributions Statements
Authors: Owens Erin , Medaille Ann
Published: March 2021

No abstract.
Reappraisal of an Intraoperative Resource for Performing Vaginal Hysterectomy in Patients with Prior Pelvic Surgery
Authors: Siu-Au Dr. Alejandro , Siu-Chang Diego
Published: March 2021

Prior pelvic surgery is a relative contraindication for vaginal hysterectomy. The authors describe a procedure to be used as an Intraoperative resource, which helps in clearing any doubt for performing this surgical procedure, offering greater safety for the surgeon and preserving the patient’s bodily integrity.

The aforementioned procedure was performed in two hundred and ten patients, who all underwent vaginal hysterectomy.   

*Obstetrics and Gynecology Professor, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; former Head of the Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Arzobispo Loayza National Hospital

**Physician, GP
O ACOMPANHAMENTO DA GERMINAÇÃO E DO CRESCIMENTO DAS PLANTAS NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Genehr Giovanni
Published: March 2021

Este relato de experiência apresenta um projeto desenvolvido com crianças de 5 anos em uma escola de Educação Infantil de São Leopoldo (RS). O intuito da pesquisa foi identificar as aprendizagens de crianças da Educação Infantil resultantes de um projeto educacional que envolveu o acompanhamento da germinação e do crescimento das plantas, usando fotografia e vídeo como ferramentas de documentação do processo. A pesquisa teve como metodologia a análise documental. Para realizá-la, foram utilizados os materiais de sistematização do projeto: um vídeo produzido no Movie Maker e um informativo feito no Publisher. Como referencial teórico foram usados estudos sobre Educação Infantil e tecnologias digitais na Educação. O estudo demonstrou que as crianças participantes do projeto, ao considerarem os vídeos produções que serão assistidas por outras pessoas, buscaram estabelecer uma relação com o público. Além disso, foi possível perceber que as tecnologias digitais colaboraram no registro e na divulgação dos acontecimentos, possibilitando que as crianças analisassem o que observavam. Nesse sentido, elas potencializam as aprendizagens, principalmente ao possibilitarem que a documentação do processo de desenvolvimento das ações pedagógicas seja feita por meio do olhar infantil.
FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA DE PROFESSORES: O CIRCO EM DEBATE
Authors: Presta Michelle Guidi Gargantini , Miranda Rita de Cássia Fernandes , Caldas Ehrenberg Mônica
Published: March 2021

O universo circense tornou-se objeto de estudo e foi elemento disparador de inúmeras possibilidades na Educação Infantil. A partir de uma metodologia qualitativa de cunho exploratório, objetivou-se analisar as contribuições, os desafios e as possibilidades de desenvolver um projeto circense no âmbito da Educação Infantil em uma unidade escolar situada no interior de São Paulo. Foi possível identificar professoras em processo de formação, crianças em plenas descobertas, equipe gestora e familiares partícipes da construção dos conhecimentos circenses. Entre os resultados, destaca-se a reflexão sobre diferentes aspectos da dinâmica escolar, além das tomadas de decisão coletivas que fortaleceram os vínculos e transformaram o espaço construído e compartilhado.
DE ALUNO A PROFESSOR: PERCEPÇÕES SOBRE AULAS DE LITERATURA
Authors: Jove Godoy Andressa , Stanzione Galizia Fernando
Published: March 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar, analisar e relacionar os modelos que nortearam as aulas de Literatura de educação básica que um licenciando concluinte do curso de Letras vivenciou como aluno, assim como os modelos que ele adota ao lecionar as aulas de Literatura, na sua prática profissional, como professor de Línguas na educação básica. Para isso foi conduzida uma entrevista na qual o participante pôde descrever as aulas de Literatura de que participou como aluno e que lecionou como professor e analisá-las sob a perspectiva do que foi chamado de definidores e demonstradores de modelo de aula: dinâmica de aula, conteúdo, material didático e avaliação. A partir da análise de suas respostas, constatou-se que as aulas de Literatura que frequentou como aluno da educação básica foram norteadas pelo modelo historiográfico, concluindo-se também que, apesar de mostrar-se insatisfeito com esse modelo, o participante, na sua atuação como professor, tende a reproduzir práticas que o caracterizam.
Application of alternative de novo motif recognition models for analysis of structural heterogeneity of transcription factor binding sites: a case study of FOXA2 binding sites
Authors: Tsukanov A. V. , Levitsky V. G. , Merkulova T. I.
Published: March 2021

The most popular model for the search of ChIP-seq data for transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) is the positional weight matrix (PWM). However, this model does not take into account dependencies between nucleotide occurrences in different site positions. Currently, two recently proposed models, BaMM and InMoDe, can do as much. However, application of these models was usually limited only to comparing their recognition accuracies with that of PWMs, while none of the analyses of the co-prediction and relative positioning of hits of different models in peaks has yet been performed. To close this gap, we propose the pipeline called MultiDeNA. This pipeline includes stages of model training, assessing their recognition accuracy, scanning ChIP-seq peaks and their classif ication based on scan results. We applied our pipeline to 22 ChIP-seq datasets of TF FOXA2 and considered PWM, dinucleotide PWM (diPWM), BaMM and InMoDe models. The combination of these four models allowed a signif icant increase in the fraction of recognized peaks compared to that for the sole PWM model: the increase was 26.3 %. The BaMM model provided the main contribution to the recognition of sites. Although the major fraction of predicted peaks contained TFBS of different models with coincided positions, the medians of the fraction of peaks containing the predictions of sole models were 1.08, 0.49, 4.15 and 1.73 % for PWM, diPWM, BaMM and InMoDe, respectively. Thus, FOXA2 BSs were not fully described by only a sole model, which indicates theirs heterogeneity. We assume that the BaMM model is the most successful in describing the structure of the FOXA2 BS in ChIP-seq datasets under study.