bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FACTORS AND SOLUTIONS OF STUDENTS’ BULLYING BEHAVIOR
Authors:   Universitas Negeri Padang, Damri Damri , Engkizar Engkizar , Syafril Syafrimen ,   Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung, Asril Zainal ,   Universitas Islam Negeri Imam Bonjol Padang, K Munawir ,   Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar, Rahawarin Yunus ,   Universitas Pattimura, Tulum La Mai ,   Yadanapon University, Asrida Asrida ,   Institut Agama Islam Negeri Batusangkar, Amnda Viola ,   Universitas Negeri Padang
Published: November 2020

This study aims to analyze the factors that cause bullying behavior among students and how to solve it. This study was employed a qualitative method with a case study approach. Sources of data were taken through in-depth interviews with twenty informants consisting of elementary school students, junior high schools, senior high schools, principals, teachers, school security guards, education observers and parents of students. All interview data were then analyzed thematically using NVivo 10 quality analysis software. Overall, the study found nine important themes. Four themes related to the factors causing bullying behavior, namely: i) entrenched beliefs among students, ii) physical differences between the perpetrator and the victim, iii) discipline by seniors to juniors and iv) the condition of the victim's physical disability and weakness. Five themes related to solutions to tackling the problem of bullying, namely i) giving firm action to the perpetrator, ii) eliminating television shows related to violence, iii) equipping children with martial arts, iv) providing continuous education about the dangers of bullying, and v) instilling mutual respect in children.
MANAJEMEN KELAS ISLAMI KURIKULUM 2013 DALAM PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER PESERTA DIDIK KELAS VI SD DI ERA 4.0
Authors:   Tarbiyah dan Ilmu Keguruan, IAIN Batusangkar, Lasari Yufi Latmini , Annisa Afina ,   Tarbiyah dan Ilmu Keguruan, IAIN Batusangkar
Published: November 2020

Islamic class management is important in shaping the character of students in the 4.0 era. But in reality, in this era of 4.0, it is often found that the character of students, especially those in Elementary Schools (SD), has started to diverge. Based on these facts, this research was conducted to describe the form of Islamic class management in the 2013 Curriculum in shaping the character of the VI-grade elementary school students in the era 4.0. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative method. In the research carried out it was found that 1) The character building of students in era 4.0 was carried out in three stages, namely planning, actuating and controlling, and 2) Integrating 18 values of character building and 5 values of strengthening character education. (PPK) into learning themes and sub-themes. Based on the results of the research, it was found that the character building of students in the 4.0 era could be done by implementing Islamic class management in learning activities.
PROSES PENCIPTAAN PANTUN DAN TALIBUN DALAM KABAURANG PIAMAN DAN IMPLIKASINYA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN APRESIASI SASTRA
Authors:   Universitas Negeri Padang, Ananda Refisa , Hayati Najmi ,   Universitas Ekasakti
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan proses penciptaan pantun dan talibun dalam kaba Urang Piamanpada pertunjukan Dendang Pauah dan implikasinya dalam pembelajaran apresiasi sastra di sekolah menengah atas. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan metode analisis deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancara, rekaman, observasi langsung, dan catatan lapangan. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah tukang dendang (Tasar), tukang saluang (Pono), dan masyarakat di Desa Koto Lalang, Kecamatan Lubuk Kilangan, Kota Padang. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa penciptaan pantun dan talibun dalam kaba Urang Piaman pada pertunjukan Dendang Pauah dilakukan dengan teknik mengingat.Teknik mengingat memungkinkan tukang dendang berimprovisasi selama pertunjukan.Struktur teks kaba berbentuk puisi naratif dan prosa lirik yang di dalamnya memanfaatkan unsur-unsur puisi berupa pantun dan talibun mengikuti formula tertentu. Rumus itu diterapkan di setiap baris teks sepanjang pertunjukan. Rumusnya berada pada level bait, baris berpasangan, baris tunggal, dan lebih banyak lagi di baris (frasa, klausa, dan kata-kata).
КЛАСИФІКАЦІЯ ПАРОДІЙНИХ ТЕКСТІВ ЗА ТИПОМ ОЦІННОЇ ПАРАДИГМИ
Authors: Воробьева Ольга Александровна
Published: December 2020

Більшість дослідників в своїх визначеннях пародії серед основних ознак виділяють наявність елемента оцінки. На парадигматичному рівні оцінка може виражатися як експліцитно, так і імпліцитно. Характер вираження оцінної парадигми обумовлює склад парадигми, її важливість для загального розуміння тексту, а також зв'язки з іншими парадигмами. Аналіз пародійних текстів дозволяє виділити як мінімум дві їх різновиди, що розрізняються характером вираження оцінної парадигми. Для першого типу характерний експліцитний вираз оцінної парадигми. У таких текстах функціонує окрема парадигма оцінки, яка відіграє провідну роль в сприйнятті тексту в цілому та є його смисловим стрижнем. Для текстів з окремою оцінної парадигмою характерно також протиставлення її будь-якiй іншiй парадигмi пародійного тексту. Це протиставлення робить текст більш складним для сприйняття читачем. Для пародійних текстів другого типу характерне імпліцитне вираження оцінки. Так само неявно присутнiй в цих текстах елемент комічного зниження. Обидва ці елементи виражаються в тексті за допомогою гіперболізації будь-якої парадигми первинного тексту та доведення ії до абсурду. Комічний ефект формується завдяки розбіжності парадигми первинного тексту з її перебільшеним варіантом в пародійному тексті. Аналіз показав, що для пародійних текстів другого типу характерна наявність декількох парадигм, в рівній мірі важливих для розуміння тексту. Протиставлення парадигм в пародіях такого типу відсутнє. Це робить текст в цілому більш простим з точки зору його сприйняття читачами, але одночасно більш складним з точки зору сприйняття імпліцитно вираженої парадигми. Таким чином, аналіз показує, що можуть бути виділені, щонайменше, два типи пародій, які розрізняються характером оціночної парадигми.
Aechmea novoae (Bromeliaceae, Bromelioideae), a Novelty from the State of Jalisco, Mexico
Authors: Flores-Argüelles Alejandra , López-Ferrari Ana Rosa , Espejo-Serna Adolfo
Published: December 2020

Aechmea novoae Flores-Arg., López-Ferr. & Espejo, an epiphytic species distributed in the municipalities of Cabo Corrientes, La Huerta, and Puerto Vallarta in the state of Jalisco, Mexico, is described and illustrated. Morphologically, the new taxon resembles A. mexicana Baker and A. lueddemanniana (K. Koch) Brongn. ex Mez. A comparative table, figures, and a distribution map of the three species are included.
A Postmodern Allegory: Absurdity in Harold Pinter’s The Birthday Party
Authors: Jamal Nynu V
Published: December 2020

The Birthday Party is an absurdist play written by the British playwright, screenwriter, director and actor Harold Pinter. He is one of the most celebrated dramatists of the Theatre of the Absurd. The objective of the paper is to examine how Pinter’s play The Birthday Party incorporates the elements of an absurdist play. The paper also tries to explain how the fragility of language to communicate is being portrayed through the play.
DETERMINING THE KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND THE BEHAVIOR OF PEOPLE LIVING IN DIFFERENT REGIONS OF TURKEY IN TERMS OF DENTAL PROCEDURES DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Oral Neşe , Aslan Balcı Aslıhan , Öztürk Hilal Peker , Avsever Hakan
Published: November 2020

In the end of December 2019, a virus disease that occurred in Wuhan City, China. The disease which is transmitted by droplets and contact is accepted as pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) was named as COVID-19. Clinical symptoms of COVID-19 are dry cough, shortness of breath and fever, but if the disease progress, some fatal complications can occur as septic shock, organ and system failure, pneumonia or Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). This study was examined the knowledge, attitude, and behavior of People Living in Different Regions of Turkey in terms of dentistry procedures during new coronavirus outbreak. There were 438 respondents in the study. When the participants were asked what to do if they had toothache during the COVID-19 pandemic, only 56 people (12.8%) stated that they would go to the dentist, in addition, only 17.4% of the participants know that "severe toothache, dental abscess, jaw, and facial fractures and tooth dislocation as a result of trauma" are within the scope of emergency dental treatments. Our data revealed that health committees should do public health studies and use the media more in this regard in order to raise awareness of the people and eliminate information pollution.
Capacidad de agencia de autocuidado de la salud en docentes de la Carrera de Enfermería
Authors: Macías-Alvia Aida Monserrate , Rincón-Ríos Tibisay , Cevallos-Jácome Bolívar , Quimi-Cobos Letty Soraida
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: Describir la capacidad de agencia de autocuidado de la salud en docentes de la carrera de Enfermería de la Universidad Estatal del Sur de Manabí. Metodología: De tipo cuantitativo descriptivo transversal y con un diseño no experimental, la población estuvo constituida por 14 docentes de la carrera de Enfermería de la Universidad Estatal del Sur de Manabí.  Conclusión: La capacidad de agencia de autocuidado es deficiente en la mitad de los participantes, al lograr ubicarse entre el nivel medio y bajo de evaluación. Asimismo, el total de los docentes participan en reuniones o festividades sociales, comparten actividades de recreación con su familia y nunca sustituyen la comunicación directa con su familia por el  uso del chat, teléfono o celular.
Sistema de costos basado en actividades ABC/ABM como herramienta de gestión en C.V. Confecciones Jevalusa
Authors: Chávez-Camacho Krupskaya De-los-Ángeles , Luna-Altamirano Kleber Antonio , Moreno-Narváez Verónica Paulina
Published: November 2020

El costeo ABC/ABM permite a las empresas un desempeño eficiente debido a la incidencia que tiene en la toma de decisiones y por el apoyo que genera a la administración, en este sentido, se exterioriza el problema en la falta de aplicación de un control de costos debido a que la fábrica C.V. confecciones Jevalusa establece los procesos de manera empírica, además se rige en función de hechos pasados. Al respecto, el objetivo de la investigación consiste en implementar un control de costos ABC/ABM en la línea de producción de pantalones para el mejoramiento en la toma de decisiones, por tanto, la investigación fue de tipo descriptiva no experimental. El ABC/ABM en una organización manufacturera, permitirá no solo identificar de manera correcta y en cada una de las actividades las deficiencias existentes sino también corregirlas de forma oportuna.
Contribución del modelo ABC/ABM en la toma de decisiones en instituciones de educación superior
Authors: Carpio-Rivera Mónica Janneth , Lopez-Castillo John Edwin , Moreno-Narváez Verónica Paulina
Published: November 2020

En el siglo XXI las instituciones de educación superior necesitan un plan estratégico para generar herramientas de gestión; siendo necesario el control de sus costos para suministrar información real que sirva para una evaluación más acertada. El objetivo de la investigación consiste en diseñar una guía para el costeo basado en actividades (ABC), y gestión basada en actividades (ABM), en la Unidad Académica de Administración de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca. El estudio se basó en un diseño no experimental descriptivo, mediante la aplicación de encuestas se estableció la falta de determinación de costos de los servicios que oferta la unidad académica, por consiguiente, se propone el diseño de una guía de costos con enfoque ABC/ABM que permitan la toma de decisiones más acertada por parte de los directivos.
Control de costos enfocado a la toma de decisiones en el sector de la construcción
Authors: Riera-Peralta Laura Verónica , Mendieta-Andrade Patricio Esteban , Muñoz-Castro Priscila Elizabeth
Published: November 2020

Las empresas constructoras como ejes sustanciales en la economía del Ecuador requieren de procesos contables que garanticen la rentabilidad y crecimiento, abordando de esta manera los fundamentos de los costos de producción en la aplicación de un control de costos en este sector, surgiendo como problema la falta de estimación real de los mismos, lo que imposibilita mitigar los riesgos que pueden afectar la estabilidad económica de la empresa, en consecuencia, se establece como objetivo elaborar un control de costos en el marco del enfoque por actividades ABC que afiance los resultados de manera íntegra y sistematizada, para tal efecto, la investigación se sustentó en el alcance descriptivo que permitió determinar el deficiente cálculo de los costos en proyectos de construcción a causa del desconocimiento por parte de los profesionales contables, concluyendo en la necesidad de implementar un proceso efectivo de control de costos.
Gestión del riesgo crediticio en el sistema financiero popular y solidario bajo la coyuntura COVID-19
Authors: Tenemea –Guerrero Julio Ernesto , Moreno-Narváez Verónica Paulina , Vásconez-Acuña Lenyn Geovanny
Published: November 2020

El objetivo de la investigación es diseñar un plan de gestión de riesgos de crédito de consumo en el sector financiero popular y solidario para la toma de decisiones, frente a distintas realidades durante el COVID-19, la investigación fue de tipo descriptiva no experimental. La gestión en el cumplimiento del plan de contingencia en diferentes sectores internos y externos de las COAC, permitirá a la entidad el mejoramiento de los procesos, brindando un buen y adecuado servicio, manteniendo un canal de comunicación efectiva, potenciando la recuperación de cartera, entorno a un seguimiento adecuado al ambiente económico, para no llegar a cometer equivocaciones que empeoren la liquidez de la institución.
Tratamiento contable, tributario, administrativo en los sistemas de órdenes de producción en la industria textil
Authors: Valle-Toaquiza Karina Estefanía , Moreno-Narváez Verónica Paulina , Torres Palacios Mireya Magdalena
Published: November 2020

Los sistemas de costos por órdenes de producción establecen la acumulación de los valores de una producción específica en función de cada elemento que conforma el costo de producción y se acopla a procesos fabriles particulares, sin embargo, algunas industrias asignan costos de manera empírica; en este sentido, el objetivo de la investigación es establecer el tratamiento contable, administrativo y tributario del sistema de costos por órdenes de producción en la industria textil de la ciudad de Riobamba para la acertada toma de decisiones. La investigación fue de tipo descriptiva no experimental, así también, se obtuvo que la mayoría de la población estudiada no posee un sistema de acumulación de costos técnicos, en función de ello, se propone considerar este artículo como guía para la determinación de costos en industrias que trabajan bajo órdenes de producción, identificando los diferentes tratamientos para cada elemento, así como su asignación.
Reconocimiento y valoración de activos biológicos en el sector ganadero aplicando costos ABC
Authors: Ortiz-Valencia Tania Mercedes , Moreno-Narváez Verónica Paulina , Díaz-Córdova Jaime Fabián
Published: November 2020

El objetivo de este estudio es proponer un sistema de reconocimiento y valoración de activos biológico para el sector ganadero de la provincia del Azuay basado en costos ABC, cuyo resultado permite identificar los costos históricos del ganado por actividades y comparar con lo determinado por las normas contables internaciones como las NIIF donde se observa resultados positivos al comparar con el valor razonable con la contabilización. De tipo descriptiva no experimental. Los costos ABC es la mejor técnica de manejo de recursos, pues permite conocer el desarrollo económico de la empresa e identificar los factores que afectan a los costos de producción, entre los más relevantes, la materia primera, el talento humano o los costos indirectos. Además, reconoce las actividades importantes, para saber aprovecharlas, buscar innovación o valor agregado a las mismas.
Costos de importaciones compartidas y su tratamiento contable-tributario en el sector artesanal
Authors: Guncay-Bustos Graciela Carolina , Moreno-Narváez Verónica Paulina , Díaz-Córdova Jaime Fabián
Published: November 2020

Los procedimientos contables-tributarios son herramientas que facilitan la elaboración de los estados financieros para la acertada toma de decisiones y cumplimiento de obligaciones, por tanto, es necesaria su aplicación en importaciones compartidas de pequeños productores, pues en la práctica estas carecen de una dirección adecuada que les proporcione una ventaja competitiva. Por consiguiente, la presente investigación tiene el objetivo de proponer procedimientos contables-tributarios en importaciones compartidas de maquinaria y herramientas, de acuerdo con las NIIF–PYME. Para esto, la investigación fue de tipo no experimental. Entre los principales resultados se determinó la deficiente determinación de costos de importaciones compartidas y el desconocimiento de la normativa tributaria en este tipo de operaciones.
Foreign language teaching as foreign culture teaching? The problem of intercultural understanding
Authors: Witte Arnd
Published: November 2020

Foreign language teaching as foreign culture teaching? The problem of intercultural understanding
Teacher and student roles in multimedia language learning
Authors: Ihde Thomas W.
Published: November 2020

This article discusses characteristics associated with access and self-directed learning as demonstrated by learners who make use of technology in the language learning process. Focus was specifically on two groups of learners, those following traditional language classes with access to some computer applications and those using such technology exclusively without the guidance of a teacher. Forty-nine questionnaires completed by Irish language learners provided data which led to the findings reported in this article. Data was collected through correspondence with participants, open-ended responses to questionnaire items, and Likert-scale responses. Individuals subscribing to GAEILGE-B, an asynchronous discussion group on the Internet, participated in the project. In terms of self access and technology, participants did not seem as highly motivated about the existing technological tools as one might expect. Either they lacked the training to access the materials or the body of materials was limited as a result of the language being less commonly used. As regards self direction, the data indicates that the quantity and quality of self direction preferred by the participants varied. It appears that this variation is related to their previous Irish language learning experiences
The international human rights regime and the protection of linguistic rights
Authors: Castellino Joshua
Published: November 2020

The international human rights regime and the protection of linguistic rights
Review Essay of John M. Kirk and Dónall P. Ó Baoill, eds. 2001. Linguistic Politics: Language Policies for Northern Ireland, The Republic of Ireland, and Scotland. Belfast: Cló Ollscoil na Banríona. xv, 258pp.
Authors: Ó Riain Seán
Published: November 2020

Review Essay of John M. Kirk and Dónall P. Ó Baoill, eds. 2001. Linguistic Politics: Language Policies for Northern Ireland, The Republic of Ireland, and Scotland. Belfast: Cló Ollscoil na Banríona. xv, 258pp.
Review of Robert J. Fouser. 1997. Pragmatic transfer in highly advanced learners: some preliminary findings. CLCS Occaisonal Paper No. 50. Dublin: CLCS, Trinity College Dublin. 44pp.
Authors: Howard Martin
Published: November 2020

Review of Robert J. Fouser. 1997. Pragmatic transfer in highly advanced learners: some preliminary findings. CLCS Occaisonal Paper No. 50. Dublin: CLCS, Trinity College Dublin. 44pp.
The Limerick Corpus of Irish English: design, description, and application
Authors: Farr Fiona , Murphy Bróna , O'Keefe Anne
Published: November 2020

This paper describes an ongoing corpus development and application project at the Mary Immaculate College and the University of Limerick, Ireland. The Limerick Corpus of Irish English is a one-million-word corpus of English as it is spoken in Ireland. The corpus is genre-based and consists primarily of casual conversational data. Details of the corpus design, development, and applications, both research and pedagogic, are described. An illustrative example of the linguistic phenomenon of HEDGING is explored and some classroom activities based on the findings are developed.
Spoken and written ellipsis in (and not in) the experience of adult literacy learners
Authors: Childs Margaret
Published: November 2020

Interference from spoken language can hinder adult learners’ reading, so it is helpful for tutors to be aware of differences between spoken and written syntax. Study of the incidence of ellipsis in two adult learners’ conversational language demonstrates the absence of most forms of coordination and subordination ellipsis typical of writing, and the frequent omission of subordinators, including the total absence of that relatives from one informant’s corpus. Examples of typically spoken situational ellipsis draw attention to the different locus of reference (situational or textual) in spoken and written ellipsis, and therefore the different strategy of interpretation required in reading. It is also shown that the use and non-use of ellipsis often have communicative functions in the dialogues that reflect linguistic skills rather than sloppiness or incompetence. Implications for tuition are suggested.
Investigating the pedagogical environments of paper-based and online media
Authors: Hourigan Tríona , Murray L.
Published: November 2020

The investigation of both paper-based and virtual pedagogical environments allows us to reflect upon the diverse range of material available to the language learning community today. In this paper, the significance of the cultural component in language learning will be discussed firstly, highlighting its crucial role with regard to the promotion of tolerance and understanding between diverse cultures. Secondly, a number of FLE (Français Langue Erangère) manuals will be analysed in terms of the transmission of cultural data. The study will then conclude with an examination of examples of online environments which reflect an alternative medium for the acquisition of information on the target language and culture.
The position of German in the Northern Ireland curriculum
Authors: McKendry Eugene , Purdy Noel
Published: November 2020

This paper aims to assess the current position of German in Northern Ireland schools. Anecdotal evidence and recent research (Neil, Phipps, and Mallon 1999, 2000) prompted a study to determine if German really is in decline in Northern Ireland, why this might be the case, and what, if anything, can be done to secure the future of the language in schools, particularly in the context of the current curricular review, which contains potentially challenging proposals for German and languages in general.
Understanding idioms and idiomatic expressions in context: a look at idioms found in an Irish soap opera
Authors: Palma Fahey María
Published: November 2020

This paper looks at idioms drawn from a corpus of soap opera and compares their communicative functions to those performed by idioms in corpora of naturally-occurring conversation. In this study soap opera data is validated as a suitable tool for demonstrating the role that idioms play in spoken interaction. Soap operas, as well as other media genres, try to convey a believable linguistic world, exploiting idioms and providing contexts in which the pragmatic functions of idioms can be understood and analysed. This paper suggests that the analysis of idioms found in soap opera can contribute to the increase of knowledge and understanding concerning the communicative functions that idioms have in conversation. The data used in this study is drawn from the corpora of naturally-occurring conversation --- the Limerick Corpus of Irish English (LCIE) and the Cambridge and Nottingham Corpus of Discourse in English (CANCODE) --- and a corpus of the Irish soap opera, Fair City.
Varieties of English: an examination of an Irish English speaker
Authors: Reffell Hayley
Published: November 2020

The aim of this paper is to compare a southern Irish English speaker who lives in New Zealand with what literature in the field portrays as typical speech for the Irish variety of English. This paper does not discuss the historical or contemporary reasons for why Irish English is as it is today. This paper has limited its analysis to the reasons why the native Irish speaker of English differs from other norms, and comments only on differences. The southern Irish English variety has unique phonological, morphological, lexical, and syntactical features, as well as a distinguishing intonation and stress pattern. Only phonological differences are examined here. Four main aspects of Irish English are investigated; the /w/ ~ /hw/ contrast; the contrast of /t/ with /θ/; the STRUT /ʌ / and FOOT /ʊ/ vowels (the GOOSE vowel will only be looked at in the context of a variable with STRUT and FOOT; and the PRICE / ai / and CHOICE / Ɔɪ / diphthongs. The analysis of these sounds shows evidence that there are competing influences on an individual’s conscious or subconscious phonological choices; pride in one’s language and heritage might compete with one’s aspiring social status and professional ambitions. Together these could be further influenced by the linguistic environments one has been in or in which one currently finds oneself. These competing forces lead to some expected but also some unexpected departures from other norms.
‘Any lumps or bumps up top?’ The discourse of midwifery
Authors: O'Malley Mary Pat
Published: November 2020

Traditionally, studies of interaction in medical settings have tended to focus almost exclusively on doctor-patient interaction with the activities and perspective of the medical professionals receiving the lion’s share of attention. As a result, the conversational activity of the patient or service-user has been obscured, and their role in the interaction left, with a few exceptions, largely undefined (Davis 1988, Metrustry 1993). This paper examines the interaction that takes place at a midwives’ antenatal clinic in a busy, urban Irish maternity hospital from the perspective of both participants. The visits of 22 women to this clinic were recorded over a five-month period. The women ranged in age from 18-39 years and from 16 weeks pregnant to 40 weeks and 10 days pregnant. Five midwives were involved in the study. Seventy-one visits to the clinic were recorded. Using an adaptation of Mishler’s (1984) approach to the analysis of medical discourse, the content of participants’ models for pregnancy and birth as revealed in the discourse are described. Key elements of the women’s model of pregnancy and birth include: their view of these events as integrated into their life as a whole, their subjective experience of these events, their orientation to the midwifery frame of reference, and their ability to challenge dominant cultural assumptions about birth in contemporary Irish society. Midwives were found to use a template of pregnancy and to compare the women they encounter at the clinic to this template. They have sets of expectations for women at different stages of gestation, for women who are pregnant for the first time, for women with experience of pregnancy, and for developments known as minor disorders of pregnancy. The attempts to make women to conform to the expectations set out by the model are visible in the discourse and frequently made explicit by the midwives. Both midwives and women are successful at introducing their model for pregnancy and birth. Ultimately, however, it is the midwifery model that prevails as the midwives, by virtue of their role as professionals in the interaction and the location of the interaction in an institutional context, can steer the conversation back into the world of midwifery. This results in the silencing of women’s perspective on pregnancy and birth and also results in preventing of a plurality of voices from emerging in the discourse.
Landeskunde: its role and functions in the Irish German-language classroom
Authors: Lysaght Anna Maria
Published: November 2020

Landeskunde: its role and functions in the Irish German-language classroom
Community Language Learning – a reappraisal
Authors: Sosa Carlos
Published: November 2020

Community Language Learning is a method developed by Charles Curran during the 1950s at Loyola University. As part of the Confluent Education movement it enjoyed a brief period of vogue until supplanted by the Communicative Approach with its more sophisticated views of language and the language acquisition process. This paper seeks to reappraise the main procedure of Community Language Learning as a learner-centred ‘task’ within a current, task-based approach, drawing on present-day definitions and views of second language acquisition. Based on empirical research using the task, learner attitudes are also explored.
Levels of motivation and confidence among first year university learners
Authors: Simon Annette
Published: November 2020

This paper explores some motivational aspects of foreign language grammar learning. Subjects are Irish first-year university students of German with five years’ previous language learning experience. Findings are presented with regard to learners’ reaction to a dedicated grammar class which was designed in order to assist students in the transition from a primarily memory-based approach to language learning to a cognitive-analytical approach. Two cross-sectional sets of investigations were conducted, one at the beginning of the first semester and the other at the end of the second semester, in which both qualitative and quantitative elicitation instruments (interviews and questionnaires) were used. Results for the questionnaires and the follow-up interviews conducted at the end of semester two of year one reveal that learners reacted positively to the grammar programme and that confidence levels with regard to German grammar learning and usage had increased.
Content and language integrated learning: reflections on a pilot module
Authors: Bruen Jennifer , Wagner Thomas
Published: November 2020

CLIL, or ‘Content and Language Integrated Learning’, is a term used to describe the practice of teaching content through a foreign language. It represents an educational approach which can embody a range of different methodologies and has, in recent years, been receiving increased attention in Europe, partially because efforts put into language teaching are not always reflected in the results achieved. This paper begins with a brief overview of developments in the field of foreign language acquisition and how these might relate to the notion of CLIL. It then goes on to describe the design, delivery, and evaluation of a module in German language for intermediate undergraduate students, which incorporates an element of CLIL
Learning and teaching writing for 14-year-old Junior Certificate learners of German
Authors: Judt-Keary Susanne
Published: November 2020

The Junior Certificate examination requires inexperienced learners to write a letter and short note to a fictional reader. In this paper, written samples are analysed and questionnaire results presented from a small group of young, inexperienced learners preparing for this examination. Empirical data was collected from written samples, a game, and questionnaires. The data suggests that learners plan their German Junior Certificate short note in both English and German. They predominantly rework what they have written not by exchanging single words, but by replacing large sections of their sentences. Data obtained from questionnaires suggests that these learners’ experiences of writing in German come mainly from homework with pre-set sentences. Learners show low motivation and a lack of ownership of their work. Discussions of foreign language (FL) writing theories, models, teaching methods, and writing task design, and of practical ways of improving young learners’ attitudes to writing in the FL are included.
Principals’ attitudes towards the suitability of Irish language immersion education for children with dyslexia
Authors: Patton Rachael , Mathews Elizabeth
Published: November 2020

This study explores principals’ attitudes towards the suitability of language immersion education (LIE) enrolment for children with dyslexia in Ireland. It also aims to examine the challenges faced by those in LIE settings working to include children with special educational needs (SEN), specifically dyslexia, in their schools. Participants include primary school principals working in Irish LIE settings across Ireland. The study follows a mixed methods approach including a focus group interview and a self-completion online questionnaire. Results indicate that principals believe that LIE enrolment is suitable for children with dyslexia and that these children can benefit from being placed in such a learning environment. However, the Irish immersion system faces considerable challenges in its aims to support children with dyslexia, namely the lack of an appropriate assessment system, the lack of sufficient research and training and negative attitudes held towards the Irish language.
Irish language self-efficacy beliefs and the Official Languages Act 2003
Authors: Barry Shane
Published: November 2020

This study assesses the influence of sources of self-efficacy construction on Irish language abilities in civil servants working under the requirements of the Official Languages Act 2003. Through a series of focus groups within a Government department, participants with varying abilities and interests in the Irish language were assessed on the determining factors in self-assessing their Irish language skills. It was found that self-efficacy is a more accurate predictor of language beliefs than previous performances for Irish speakers, and that sources such as social persuasion and vicarious experiences have the potential to raise self-efficacy beliefs in non-Irish speakers. It was also found that the Act has not led to an increased engagement with the Irish language, but has only resulted in an increased deference to perceived expert language models.
Comparação de diferentes protocolos de treinamento resistido na força muscular em idosos
Authors: Santana Frederico Santos de , Assis Matheus Rodrigues de , Ferreira Mário Dias Portuguez de Souza , Mota Camila de Santana , Garcia Kerolyn Ramos , Pereira Leonardo Costa , Karnikowski Margô , Safons Marisete Peralta
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: comparar o efeito de diferentes protocolos de treinamento resistido na dinapenia em idosos. Método: A amostra constituiu de sujeitos com idade igual ou superior 60 anos, voluntários, de ambos os sexos, os voluntários foram submetidos a dois programas diferentes de treinamento de força, um programa com variações de cargas ondulatório e outro com variações de cargas lineares. Após 12 semanas foi realizado teste de força de preensão palmar nos dois grupos que realizaram os protocolos de treinamento de força e um grupo controle. Para as comparações entre os grupos foi utilizado o teste de ANOVA. Resultados: Os resultados encontrados mostraram o que? para ambos os grupos em comparação ao controle, no entanto, sem diferença significativa entre eles. Conclusão: Conclui-se desta forma que ambos os modelos de periodização foram eficientes para gerar aumento de força em idosos saudáveis.
Descritores: Envelhecimento; Força Muscular; Dinapenia; Treinamento Resistido e Periodização
Rastreio de leveduras patogênicas isoladas de fezes de pombos no Distrito Federal-Pombos: propagadores de fungos patogênicos?
Authors: Araújo Caroline , Shadday Lis , Gomes Bruno Moreno Monteiro , Torquati Adriane , Brandão Fabiana
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: Investigar a presença de fungos patogênicos isolados a partir de amostras de fezes de pombos, em locais de atenção a pacientes imunocomprometidos no DF. Método: As amostras foram coletadas em hospitais onde se oferta atendimento a pacientes HIV/AIDS e que tenha uma presença massiva de pombos. Colônias de leveduras foram previamente selecionados em meio Ágar Sabouraud Dextrose acrescido de cloranfenicol, seguindo-se com análise microscópica das estruturas leveduriformes. Colônias de leveduras com suspeita de pertencerem ao gênero Candida spp. ou Cryptococcus sp., foram inoculadas no meio Ágar Cromogênico para identificação das espécies de Candida e em meio Ágar quimicamente definido para indução dos fenótipos de virulência característicos de Cryptococcus sp. Resultados: 100% das amostras analisadas apresentaram crescimento de leveduras do gênero Candida spp. e Rhodotorula sp. No meio Ágar Cromogênico foram identificadas nas amostras C. krusei em 75%; C. tropicalis em 50% e C. glabrata em 15%. Em 15% das amostras foi identificado leveduras do gênero Cryptococcus sp. Conclusão: Dados deste estudo sugerem que fezes de pombo podem estar dispersando leveduras patogênicas e contribuindo com a incidência de infecções fúngicas no DF.
ASSESSMENT OF SENSORY PROCESSING CHARACTERISTICS IN CEREBRAL PALSY CHILDREN
Authors: Zahid Mehreen
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
AIMS & OBJECTIVES
Children with cerebral palsy present with the complain of motor and sensory deficits. The movement and posture difficulties are well addressed by the rehabilitation team; however, sensory deficits remain unaddressed. Therefore, this study aims to assess the sensory processing characteristics in Spastic Diplegic children using Short Sensory Profile.

METHODOLOGY
This cross-sectional study was conducted at special education institutes/schools of Karachi. The Cerebral Palsy children with Spastic Diplegia aged 4-15 years were enrolled through Non-Probability Convenience Sampling Technique. Data was collected from parents/guardians of the participants using Short Sensory Profile questionnaire.

RESULTS
A sample of 70 participants was obtained out of 133 with a highest reported mean score of 17.38 in Tactile Sensitivity, while lowest in Taste/Smell and Movement Sensitivity i.e. 8.77 and 6.12 respectively. Moreover, a significant weak correlation was determined between Tactile and Movement Sensitivity (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION
It was found that all CP children enrolled in the study were showing Atypical sensory performance on Short Sensory Profile. Further investigation is required to establish psychometric properties of Short Sensory Profile on CP population and understand the correlation of sensory modulation impairments with functional performance for better intervention outcome for CP children.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SELFITIS AND MENTAL WELL-BEING AMONG ACADEMIC PROFESSIONALS OF KARACHI
Authors: Paracha Sundus Riaz
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
A selfie is referred to a photograph that one has taken of oneself, typically from a smartphone or webcam, often shared on social media websites. Recent studies suggested that selfie addiction negatively affects the mental and social health of individuals. The American Psychiatric Association confirmed obsessive selfie-taking as a mental disorder. Therefore, this study aims to explore the association between selfie syndrome and mental well-being among academic professionals of Karachi.

METHODOLOGY
The cross-sectional survey was conducted on academic professionals, selected through the non-probability sampling technique. The data was collected through Selfitis Behavioural Scale and Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale.

RESULTS
A total number of 100 participants were included in the study with a mean age of 29±10.8 years. The findings showed that 42% to 45% of the selected sample showed severe to moderate selfitis behaviour while 13% had mild selfitis behaviour with no significant association with mental well-being.

CONCLUSION
It was concluded that the majority of individuals were suffering from moderate to severe selfitis behaviour with no significant association with mental well-being. Further studies are suggested to identify how selfitis behavior influences the mental well-being of different age-groups in Pakistan.
EFFECTIVENESS OF SHORT ARC AND ISOMETRIC QUADRICEPS EXERCISES ON PAIN, MUSCLE ACTIVITY AND HEALTH RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH ANTERIOR KNEE PAIN
Authors: Abbasi Muhammad Shahrukh , Mehdi Kazmi Syed Abid , Baig Nabeel
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
AIMS & OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the effects of Short-Arc and Isometric Quadriceps exercises on Quadriceps strength and health related quality of life among Anterior Knee pain patients by using EMG biofeedback.

METHODOLOGY
Total 80 participants were recruited and randomly distributed in two groups; A and B. Individuals in group A performed isometric quadriceps exercise while group B participants performed short-arc exercise for 1st, 6th and 8th week along with a home exercise programme. Pre and post treatment assessment was performed using EMG Biofeedback, VAS, and KUJALA scoring questionnaire. Statistically, data was analysed using SPSS version 20.

RESULTS
After 8 weeks, EMG Biofeedback revealed the higher effectiveness short-arc exercises with value 88.20mv ± 6.64 comparing isometric quadriceps exercises. Moreover, Wilcoxon rank test revealed statistically significant improvement in VAS score with p-value <0.05. Furthermore, KUJALA score also advocated the effectiveness of short-arc exercises with statistically significant values (p-value < 0.05).

CONCLUSION
The study concluded the effectiveness of Short-arc quadriceps exercises comparing to static-quadriceps exercises in improving muscles strength, pain and health related quality of life after 8 weeks of intervention.
PREVALENCE OF FUNCTIONAL FEEDING PROBLEMS IN CEREBRAL PALSY CHILDREN OF KARACHI
Authors: Qureshi Mah-e-Liqa
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Cerebral palsy is a neurodevelopmental disability that not only affects sensory, motor or cognition domains but also oral motor area that may lead to difficulties in eating, chewing, swallowing, sucking or drooling etc. Therefore, this study aims to determine the prevalence of functional feeding problems in CP children of Karachi to evaluate their needs of feeding and role of rehabilitation regarding it.

METHODOLOGY
The cross-sectional survey was conducted on Cerebral Palsy children aged between 6-12 years with the number of participants n=40, recruited through the non-probability sampling technique. The data was collected through Functional Feeding Assessment Scale (FFA) taken from Multi-disciplinary Feeding Profile (MFP).

RESULTS
A sample of 40 participants with Cerebral Palsy were enrolled in the study. This consisted of 8 boys and 32 girls with mean age 8.67 ± 1.93 years. It was showed that participants have an average score in all domains of Functional Feeding as the oral motor area is affected due to Cerebral Palsy.

CONCLUSION
It was concluded that CP children suffer from a number of functional feeding problems that may lead to poor nutrition, loss of appetite and decreased quality of life. The large scale surveys are recommended for the identification of feeding problems in CP using standardized tools.
BODY COMPOSITION ANALYSIS; A SURGE IN DEMAND FOR SPORTS REHABILITATION
Authors: Niazi Irfan
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This special report aims to highlight the role and practice of Body Composition Analysis in sports rehabilitation to enhance athletic performance by studying its various aspects such as fat mass, lean mass, and water content in the body.

This report identified Inbody 770 as the ideal gadget for Body Composition Analysis. Fat mass analysis revealed that Body Mass Index is not an appropriate tool to determine the levels of obesity as it does not differentiate between fat mass and muscle mass, rather categorises a healthy muscular individual as obese. Furthermore, Body Composition Analysis enables to investigate the proportions of muscle mass and fat mass in a specific region as well as perform comparison analysis to identify the region of weakness and potential risk of injury. Water analysis helps to identify the cause of edema and proportions of intracellular and extracellular fluids
En busca del foco de las representaciones de la muerte de Atahuallpa: algunos argumentos en favor del estado neoinca de Vilcabamba
Authors: Husson Jean-Phillippe
Published: December 2020

Abstract/short description:

Husson's article deals with the problem of dissemination of the story of the death of Atawallpa. The royal Inca was executed by the Spanish in 1541. This event was very important and many differing descriptions of it exist. Husson compares different sources written in the colonial times. He takes into consideration differences between versions, their backgrounds, time and geography. Husson main goal is to reconstruct the indigenous view on this historic event.

Short description written by Michal Gilewski. The article was originally published without abstract.
Performa Ayam Broiler Strain Cobb yang Diberi Herbal Kunyit
Authors: Akhsan Fitriana , Harifuddin Harifuddin , Irwan Muh
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui performa ayam broiler yang diberi herbal kunyit dengan pemberian melalui pakan dan air minum. Ayam yang digunakan adalah DOC strain Cobb sebanyak 96 ekor, 8 ekor untuk setiap unit percobaan. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap 3 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Susunan perlakuan yaitu : T0 = Pakan basal, T1 = Pakan basal + 2 % kunyit dari jumlah konsumsi pakan dan T2 = Pakan basal + 2 % kunyit dari jumlah konsumsi air minum. Parameter yang diamati dalam penelitian ini yaitu performa ayam broiler yang terdiri dari konsumsi pakan, konsumsi air minum, pertambahan bobot badan, bobot badan akhir, konversi pakan, mortalitas dan Income over feed and chick cost. Konsumsi pakan, konsumsi air minum, pertambahan bobot badan, bobot badan akhir, konversi pakan dan mortalitas tidak dipengaruhi oleh perlakuan secara nyata (P>0,05). Income over feed and chick cost tertinggi pada perlakuan T2 yaitu Rp 11.582,-. Kesimpulan dari peneltian ini adalah pemberian kunyit lebih optimal jika diaplikasikan melalui air minum  pada taraf  2%.
Dependencia emocional, depresión y ansiedad en mujeres víctimas de violencia
Authors:   UNIVERSIDAD CÉSAR VALLEJO, PERÚ, Lescano López Galia Susana , Salazar Roldan Verónica del Rosillo ,   UNIVERSIDAD CÉSAR VALLEJO, PERÚ
Published: November 2020

Esta investigación tuvo por objetivo demostrar que en las mujeres víctimas de violencia, existe un nivel de relación significativa entre tres trastornos psicopatológicos: dependencia emocional, depresión y trastornos de ansiedad. Como método, se ha utilizado el procesamiento de variables a través de ecuaciones estructurales (análisis bivariado), obtenidas de la aplicación del Inventario de Dependencia Emocional – IDE, Inventario de Depresión de Beck-II (BDI-II) e Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck (BAI), en víctimas cuyos casos fueron reportados en el Instituto de Medicina Legal de Nuevo Chimbote (2019), Ancash. Como resultado, se observaron pruebas de escalas sólidas y fiables que muestran un nexo positivo entre las constantes: dependencia emocional, depresión y ansiedad, advirtiéndose una correlación de 0.58 (p=0.000< 0.05), entre dependencia emocional - depresión y de 0.86 (p=0.000<0.05), entre dependencia emocional - ansiedad. Palabras clave: dependencia emocional; depresión; ansiedad; violencia