bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exhaustive acute exercise-induced ER stress is attenuated in IL-6-knockout mice
Authors: Pinto Ana P , da Rocha Alisson L , Kohama Eike B , Gaspar Rafael C , Simabuco Fernando M , Frantz Fabiani G , de Moura Leandro P , Pauli José R , Cintra Dennys E , Ropelle Eduardo R , de Freitas Ellen C , da Silva Adelino S R
Published: November 2018

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammation relationship occurs at different levels and is essential for the adequate homeostatic function of cellular systems, becoming harmful when chronically engaged. Intense physical exercise enhances serum levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6). In response to a chronic exhaustive physical exercise protocol, our research group verified an increase of the IL-6 concentration and ER stress proteins in extensor digitorium longus (EDL) and soleus. Based on these results, we hypothesized that IL-6-knockout mice would demonstrate a lower modulation in the ER stress proteins compared to the wild-type mice. To clarify the relationship between exercise-induced IL-6 increased and ER stress, we studied the effects of an acute exhaustive physical exercise protocol on the levels of ER stress proteins in the skeletal muscles of IL-6-knockout (KO) mice. The WT group displayed a higher exhaustion time compared to the IL-6 KO group. After 1 h of the acute exercise protocol, the serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were enhanced in the WT group. Independent of the experimental group, the CHOP and cleaved caspase 12/total caspase 12 ratio in EDL as well as ATF6 and CHOP in soleus were sensitive to the acute exercise protocol. Compared to the WT group, the oscillation patterns over time of BiP in EDL and soleus as well as of peIF2-alpha/eIF2-alpha ratio in soleus were attenuated for the IL-6 KO group. In conclusion, IL-6 seems to be related with the ER stress homeostasis, once knockout mice presented attenuation of BiP in EDL and soleus as well as of pEiF2-alpha/EiF2-alpha ratio in soleus after the acute exhaustive physical exercise protocol.
Effects of intravenous infusion of E.coli lipopolysaccharide in early pregnant cows
Authors: Herzog Kathrin , Debertolis Letizia , Kastelic John P , Schmicke Marion , Ulbrich Susanne E , Bollwein Heinrich
Published: November 2018

The objective was to characterize effects of Escherichia coli LPS (given iv) on corpus luteum (CL) and embryonic viability in early pregnant cattle. Eight non-lactating German Holstein cows were given 0.5 µg/kg LPS on 35 ± 3 d (mean ± SEM) of pregnancy, whereas seven heifers, 41 ± 6 d pregnant, were given 10 ml saline (Control group). Transrectal B-mode examinations of the CL were done at -1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h relative to treatment. Blood samples were collected at -1, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. At 12 and 48 h, the CL was biopsied. None of the cows still in the experiment 10 d after LPS (n=7) had embryonic loss. In LPS-treated cows, luteal area decreased (from 4.1 to 3.1 cm2; P≤0.05) within 6 h and until 48 h. Luteal blood flow decreased by 39% (P≤0.05) within the first 6 h after LPS, but returned to pre-treatment values by 48 h. Plasma P4 decreased by 62% (P≤0.05), reached a nadir (2.7±0.6 ng/mL) at 12 h after LPS and was not restored to pre-treatment (P≤0.05). In luteal tissue, mRNAs for StAR and for FGF1 were lower (P≤0.05) in LPS- than in saline-treated cattle at 12 h, with no difference between groups at 48 h. Levels of mRNAs for Casp3 and FGF2 were not different between groups (P>0.05) at 12 or 48 h after treatment. In conclusion, LPS transiently suppressed CL function, but did not induce embryonic mortality.
Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics for Preterm Neonates
Authors: Kona Sashi K. , Matlock David N.
Published: November 2018

Probiotics have been extensively studied in neonates over the past several decades. Multiple meta-analyses have found probiotics to be effective at decreasing the number of necrotizing enterocolitis incidents. While relatively few NICUs in the United States are routinely using probiotics, many NICUs around the world have been doing so for more than a decade. The barriers to the routine use of probiotics include safety concerns and the lack of a clear consensus on the preferred formulation, dosage, and duration. Further research must be done to determine the safest and most effective formulation. This article discusses the history of probiotics, mechanisms of protection, available clinical evidence, and barriers to the use of probiotics in neonates. This review also addresses the current state of evidence regarding the naturally occurring substances called prebiotics, which can be added to formulas in the form of a supplement to promote intestinal colonization with commensal organisms, and synbiotics, which are combination products containing both probiotic cultures and prebiotic substrates.
Influences of Feeding on Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: Thompson-Branch Alecia M. , Havranek Tomas
Published: November 2018

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains one of the leading complications of prematurity with an incidence of 5% to 13% and a mortality of up to 30%. Its occurrence is inversely related to gestational age, with the most premature neonates being at highest risk. Despite numerous studies assessing risk factors, the most commonly observed associations remain prematurity and enteral feeding. Furthermore, studies have pointed to receipt of breast milk as a protective factor in decreasing the risk of NEC and formula feeding as potentially increasing the risk. Other potential risk factors and associations in the premature infant include lack of antenatal steroids, receipt of prolonged courses of postnatal antibiotics, presence of anemia, receipt of packed red blood cell transfusions, and presence of a patent ductus arteriosus. Despite the recognition that NEC remains a serious complication of prematurity, there is still no specific prescription for its prevention. Given that enteral feeding is one of the most commonly observed risk factors for the development of NEC, wide variation exists in the enteral feeding recommendations and practices for premature infants. Feeding practices that may contribute to NEC, which remain variable in practice, include feeding strategies used in the presence of a hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus and feeding during packed red blood cell transfusions. Use of breast milk (mother’s own milk or donor milk) is recognized as one of the mainstays of NEC prevention. This article explores multiple influences of feeding on the development of NEC.
Practical Wisdom, Rules, and the Parent–Pediatrician Conversation
Authors: Brudney Daniel
Published: November 2018

In this article, I explore a tension between one of the aspirations of the standard algorithm for decision-making at the bedside and what will often actually happen at the bedside. The aspiration is to avoid physician paternalism, but the algorithm has had the effect of limiting the scope for the exercise of the physician’s capacity for practical wisdom, and yet clinical practice often requires the exercise of that capacity. Against this background, I examine the content of shared decision-making in pediatrics. I do the following: point to a feature of the standard algorithm for patient and surrogate (and so also parental) decision-making, make an analytical point about the use of rules versus individual judgments, and examine the elements of the patient–doctor conversation or, in the pediatric realm, the parent–doctor conversation.
Physiological age of female blood-sucking midges (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) in the south of Tyumen oblast
Authors: Fiodorova O. A.
Published: November 2018

Despite the fact the fact that biting midges (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) are abundant blood-sucking insects in a number of areas of Siberia and the Far East, their biology in Russia and abroad is poorly studied. The objective of our research was physiological age of female midges in the subzone of southern taiga of Tyumen Oblast. Physiological age of female midges was determined using the method of V. P. Polovodova and T. S. Detinova, suggested for mosquitoes, modified for midges, in relation to the number of the yellow bodies – enlarged ovarioles. The conducted studies focused on physiological age of females of three species of midges of the subgenus Avaritia (Culicoides punctatus, C. fascipennis, C. grisescens), which occur in the forest zone of the southern taiga subzone. The species are abundant blood-sucking insects. Mostly, they complete one gonotrophic cycle, but by the end of the season, the number of females which had laid eggs twice reached 20–30%. Part (10–22%) of the female population does not succeed in completing even a single gonotrophic cucle. In spite of colder weather in the end of summer, a rejuvenation of the population was observed, which occured due to death of physiologically old females. Comparison of changes in number and age composition of females allows us to state that the first two species have two, and the third – one generation during a season. Determination of physiological age of females or the number of gonotrophic cycles they complete, and therefore, the extent of their biting, is a subject of not only theoretical but also practical interest for assessing the epidemiological situation in the areas where midges are vectors of a number of infectious and invasive diseases, such as tularemia, onchocerciasis, bluetongue virus or febris catarrhalis ovium, and Schmallenberg virus. This indicates the relevance of studying density of population vectors of infections. In the Russian Federation, such research unfortunately has only been conducted within the scope of narrow studies, and only in certain regions.
The colour phases of the European red squirrel in Ukraine: Similarities and differences by craniometric characters
Authors: Zizda J. E.
Published: November 2018

The different colour phases of the European red squirrel occuring in Ukraine were analysed in a morphological context. They are indicated in the literature as different subspecies of Sciurus vulgaris L. and described only based on their coat colouration. In Ukraine, at least three colour phases occur: dark (black and brown), red, and light red, which in natural habitats occur separately from one another. These phases co-occur in human settlements and at different altitudes, in particular at the boundary of the lowland and piedmont zones and of piedmont and mountainbelts. The aim of the present study was to find some other morphological differences between the red squirrel’s phases in Ukraine beyond their coat colouration and to reveal the possible interaction between colouration and morphological variation of the squirrels. Eighteen craniometric and four external characters were measured and analysed. Results have shown that the squirrel’s colour phases differ among themselves by some characters, although the most visible differences were revealed when all measurents were analysed together. It has been revealed that the three colour phases are stabilized types (populations) manifested in a multidimensional space as different populations with minimal overlap (up to 10%). The population of dark squirrels in Ukraine is morphologically the most distant from the light red phase and less so from the red one. The dark phase significantly differs from the red phase by 9 of 18 craniometric characters with Mayr’s coefficient of divergence (CDmin = 0.62, CDmax = 0.96). The dark phase significantly differs from the light red phase by two craniometric characters according to ANOVA, but only by one character according to Mayr’scoefficient of divergence (CD = 0.96). The red and light red phases significantly differ by four parameters having CDmin = 0.64 and CDmax = 0.76. The geographically transitional red phase is morphologically intermediate according to the results of discriminant analysis.
Radial increment dynamics in Pinus sylvestris stands within the Northern Steppe of Ukraine
Authors: Gritsan Y. I. , Lovynska V. M. , Sytnyk S. A.
Published: November 2018

The parameters of periodic increment (5-years) and peculiarities of its change depending on age, diameter, height and volume of trunk of Scots pine are determined. The influence of climate conditions (air temperature and precipitation) on the dynamics of radial increment change of Scots pine trees are established. The results of experimental studies, obtained from 20 temporary sample plots of pine stands within the Northern Steppe of Ukraine are presented. We conducted an estimate of radial increment of Scots pine trunks as a basis for development of normative and information support for assessment of biotic productivity of this category of forest. All selected sample trees had different age and biometric parameters. The age of sample trees ranged from 9 to 90 years; diameter at breast height – from 4.0 to 41.7 cm; height – from 4.2 to 30.0 m, trunk volume – from 0.002 to 1.748 m3. It is found that the radial increment of pine stem was significantly dependent on tree age. The highest values of radial increment of Scots pine trees were observed for trees aged up to 20 years. With increasing age, radial increment had a decreasing trend, including 90-year old trees. Regression models of the dependence of radial increment of pine trees on the age and diameter are presented. In the article, the dependence of the values of radial increment of sample trees from types of forest are demonstrated. The highest values of Scots pine radial increment was observed in sugruds and gruds, which were presented in tree samples of 20 years. Comparative analysis of radial increment change in the trees of one age category, which grew in different conditions, was conducted. The older trees had the maximum increment in the conditions of dry sugrud, and the minimum increment in conditions of fresh subor. Also in this article we used generalized chronology of Scots pine radial increment reflecting regional variability of growth in pine trees. The results supplemented the research obtained earlier with new data on the dependence of the pine radial growth rate on forest-biometric parameters. These experimental data, their graph-analytical evaluation yielded an information basis for modeling the radial increment of pine trees, created on the basis of dependence of this parameter on biometric indexes – age and diameter at breast height.
Accumulation of heavy metals in birch and pine forest roadside phytocenoses in the south of Tyumen region
Authors: Popova E. I.
Published: November 2018

We conducted a complex investigation of anthropogenic roadside phytocoenoses. For the study, 8 plots (birch and pine forests) were selected, close to roads in the south of Tyumen region within the five administrative districts: Uporovsky, Zavodoukovsky, Yalutorovskiy, Yarkovsky, and Tobolsk. As a result of the studies, 75 species of vascular plants from 21 families were noted in the plant communities. It was found that the majority of the total projective cover of the plant communities was provided by synanthropic species. In the synanthropic fraction of the flora, 33 species belonging to 11 families were identified, those with the most species being: Scrophulariaceae, Compositeae, Rubiaceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae, Polygonaceae, Umbellíferae. The index of synanthropization of the flora of the studied phytocenoses is in the range from 43% to 64%. Among the identified pollutants accumulated in the phytocenoses, the group of heavy metals was identified (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sr, Zn). Needles of Pinus sylvestris L. mainly accumulate Cr, Cu, Ni, Sr. The greatest concentration of Pb and Zn was found in the leaves of Betula pendula Roth. The content of other heavy metals in the leaves of Betula pendula Roth. during the growing season was relatively stable. Accumulation of heavy metals in the studied components of forest ecosystems can be displayed structurally: soil > leaves < phytomass (birch forests), soil < needles > phytomass (pine forests). Methodological approaches to conducting a complex of long-term observations of natural ecosystems have been formulated, substantiated and justified. To evaluate the absorption efficiency of heavy metals, the biological absorption coefficient was calculated. The obtained results can be used as a control in the study of migration and accumulation of heavy metals and for assessing the degree of anthropogenic load on phytocenoses of roadside ecosystems and predict the extent of probable changes in them. The forecast of the results will facilitate the elaboration of a necessary system of measures aimed at increasing the stability of plant communities.
Dynamics of the anatomical variability of Artemisia herba-alba in Algeria
Authors: Maghni B. , Hellal B. , Maatoug M.
Published: November 2018

In this work, the anatomical variability in Artemisia herba-alba Asso was studied based on 90 individuals taken from three different bioclimatic zones of Algeria (inferior semi arid, arid and Saharan) as well as the relationships of the dynamics of this variability with the distribution and adaptation of the species. The interpretation of the results of this study through the analysis of variance and the ascending hierarchical classification allowed us to detect a very high intra- and inter-specific anatomical variability, as well as the presence of a parenchyma of water reserves observed in individuals of each studied region. The existence of relationships between environmental conditions and the dynamics of anatomical variability have been established. The broad morphological structural variability thus determined and the genetic variability observed concur well with the results of our two other previous studies. This anatomical polymorphism could help in the selection of the most effective ecotypes to restore this species in degraded steppe ecosystems of Algeria and North Africa. Thus, this choice will allow us to keep their seeds in a bank of grains in order to preserve the species for possible future use.
The effect of vehicle exhaust emissions on morphometric and physiological characteristics of Rhus typhina
Authors: Dzhygan О. Р. , Mylnikova O. A. , Zaitseva I. A.
Published: November 2018

Rhus typhina L. (Staghorn Sumac) is fast-growing woody species that reproduces by rhizomes and seeds. Because of its biological benefits, this deciduous member of the Anacardiaceae family has been introduced from its native habitats in the east of North America to urbanized landscapes of Ukraine. In this study we anаlyse changes in morphometric and physiological indicators of 12-year plants of this species in artificial phytocenoses near highways in Pavlograd, Ukraine. Experimental plots were placed at a distance from 25 to 130 meters from the road. The control group of plants was at a distance of 1500 m from the highways. We measured the length and thickness of the annual sprout, number of leaves on it, the content of chlorophyll in the leaves and accumulation of cadmium and lead in the leaf tissues. It was found that, compared to the plants in the relatively clean area, the greatest decreases in the length of the annual shoots of the trees in the plantations were for those which were at a distance of twenty five metres and forty meters from the traffic lanes of the highways. The thickness of the annual shoots of the trees in the plantations did not differ from plants in the clean zone. The number of leaves on a one-year annual sprout at a distance of twenty five meters and forty meters from the path of moving sources of pollution was significantly lower compared to control. We evaluated the impact of vehicle exhaust emissions on the assimilatory organs. We identified a negative effect of the anthropogenic pollutants on photosynthetic pigment content in leaves. The amount of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b decreased with decreasing distance from the plantation to the road. Changes in the content of chlorophyll b had a clear pattern. The concentration of this pigment and the amount of chlorophyll a + b decreased compared with control in the 130 meter area. The amount of toxic heavy metals (lead and cadmium) in the tissues of the leaf was significantly higher than the control values on all plots. The strongest negative effects of phytotoxicants on susceptible plants occurred in plantations in the twenty-five-meter zone, which led to deterioration of the decorative quality of the plants.
Mixed messages in criticisms in Iranian PhD dissertation defenses
Authors: Izadi Ahmad
Published: November 2018

Taking up the role of examiner in PhD dissertation defense sessions involves dealing with two contradictory desires; namely, effective delivery of criticisms and maintaining a positive interpersonal relationship with the recipients of those criticisms. This study explores the discourse strategies examiners use to express the speech act of criticism in the context of Iranian dissertation defense sessions in English for Academic Purposes. The data come from simplified transcriptions of twelve video-recorded sessions of PhD dissertation defense sessions (DDs) from 63 to 123 minutes long. The examiners’ criticisms, which are delivered in the Question-Answer (Q-A) part of defense sessions, are selected for analysis. Consulting taxonomies of criticisms provided by previous studies as the point of departure, the study also provides a taxonomy of criticisms which best fits its purpose. The identified 120 acts are classified into 10 strategy types. The analyses reveal a ‘mixed message’ in criticism acts in that they ambivalently include elements of negativity and positivity. Most criticisms include a number of mitigating strategies as well as aggravating strategies. In addition, they include strategies which ambivalently mitigate and aggravate. It is therefore argued that examiners ambivalently establish relational connection with and separation from the candidates (and their supervisors) through criticisms.
Tasawuf Tanpa Tarekat: Pengalaman Turki dan Indonesia
Authors: Khamami Akhmad Rizqon
Published: November 2018

This article seeks to display a development of sufi without t}arîqah in two countries, namely Turkey and Indonesia. In spite of the banning of sufi orders in Turkey, hitherto Sufism lingers in the Republic. Several sufi orders work in silent, but they do make contribution on the socio-political sphere of Turkey. On the other side, some Turkish sufi practitioners transform themselves into sufi without ṭarîqah as an adaptation to the secular state’s strict policy on religion, such those as Bediuzzaman Said Nursi dan Fethullah Gülen. In Indonesia, Sufism has arisen conspicuo-usly among the Salafi after for some times being lied down due to an accusation of being the source for backwardness of Muslim community. In turn, it is that sufi without ṭarîqah eventually take shape. Due to differing on socio-political condition and on intellectual debates of the both countries, the sufi without ṭarîqah leads to different ways in respective country. While Turkish sufi without ṭarîqah turn out to be a movement taking part in secular Turkey, sufi without ṭarîqah in Indonesia—particularly that of Salafi—tends to be a mode of self-entertaining for the sake of religious sensation.
Nafas Kesadaran dan Menghidupkan Spiritualitas Melalui Integrasi Tasawuf dan Psikologi
Authors: Irham M Iqbal
Published: November 2018

This article explains about an effort of livening up spirituality in one’s self based on religious understanding, namely through the doctrines and values of Sufism in order to get close to God (taqarrub ilâ Allâh). It aims to reach spiritual theistic using a method of “the Breath of Consciousness”. The method uses breath, i.e. inhaling and exhaling, as we usually do. The method consists of three important steps, are: breathing calmly, breathing deeply, and breathing gently. The key to the success of this method is consistent implementation (istiqa}mah) and simultaneous practice. “The Breath of Consciousness” should be done through seven sequential steps and stages, namely breathing in consciousness, looking in consciousness, feeling in consciousness, moving in consciousness, walking in consciousness, speaking in consciousness, and presence in consciousness. The expected contribution of the method is providing the society, especially the Muslim community, an easy technique to get close to God. Moreover, the method—when implemented correctly—will result in healthy body, pure mind, quiet soul, and peaceful heart. In doing so, the article aims to elaborate the integration of psychology and Sufism as an approach to the study of soul and consciousness.
Kontestasi Pandangan Elite Agama di Gresik tentang Nyekar di Desa Surowiti Kecamatan Panceng
Authors: Toha Muchammad
Published: November 2018

Nyekar has become a pivotal tradition to certain groups of Javanese society as it has been believed to bring about success for every activity they do in their life. A number of public officials, for an instance, perform nyekar in order to sustain their strategic and profitable positions and to gain blessing. The article scrutinizes the opinions of religious elites in Gresik concerning nyekar in Surowiti Village, Panceng, Gresik, East Java. The study finds that there have been two existing opposing opinions held by the religious elites in relation to this tradition. The first group maintains that nyekar is allowed, while the second group argues that it is forbidden. Interestingly, each group supports their argume-nts using religious texts derived from al-Qur’ân and Hadîth. Regardless of disagreements among the religious elites vis-à-vis nyekar, the writer underlines that every religious elite should be wise in respond to such issue. It is important to educate their followers such prudent attitudes as respecting other and maintaining harmony in spite of different views they hold. It is also important to involve both theological understanding along with open, sincere, and democratic socio-historical views to create inclusive understanding of the tradition.
Dinamika Hubungan Sosial-Keagamaan pada Masyarakat Nelayan di Karangantu Banten
Authors: Pribadi Yanwar
Published: November 2018

This paper explores the dynamics of socio-religious interactions among the inter-ethnic fishermen community in the former seaport of the Sultanate of Banten, i.e. in the Karangantu Port, Serang, Banten. The study focuses on the socio-religious interactions between migrants and local residents, and among the migrants themselves. This paper more broadly investigates the government’s policies on marine and fisheries sectors since 2000. Main issues discussed are the background of the history of Banten as the center of maritime power; the arrival and interaction between foreign and Nusantara traders and fishermen and local people; decentralization policies; patterns and forms of the inter-ethnic interactions; and the influence of decentral-ization policies towards the development of Banten’s maritime world. This paper uses ethnographical and historical approaches. The author argues that the inter-ethnic interactions in the Banten north coast area are socio-economic-cultural interactions that have long been intertwined and can be regarded as ideal multiculturalism interactions on the one hand. However, the policies of the central and regional government in marine and fisheries sectors have not generated the right solution to improve and empower Banten’s fishermen community, as it did occur in the 16th and 17th centuries.
Kashf al-Gharā’ib: Terjemahan atas Kitab Munfarijah Karya Imām Muḥaqqiq Abī Yaḥyā Zayn al-Dīn Zakarīyā
Authors: Syaukani Syaukani
Published: November 2018

An effort to preserve and utilize manuscripts in this archipelago, especially religious manuscripts, is very important due to, at least, two reasons. Firstly, there has been abundant important information pertinent to religious phenomena in the manuscripts. Secondly, physical condition of the manuscripts has been increasingly fragile. Following the process of choosing the manuscript, the author has selected one of the manuscripts preserved in the State Museum of North Sumatra. This study employs the theory of philology, literature and history in analyzing the manuscript. Analyses are focused on the language used, the cultural background of the manuscript, and the social history of the region where it has been written. The findings of this study tell us that the manuscript, named Kashf al-Gharā’ib, is a classical Islamic manuscript which still has been well preserved at the State Museum of North Sumatra. It contains the scientific information of fiqh (Islamic law), especially discussing about the way of worshipping the God. The manuscript also consists of religious poems and problems of adab (ethics). Of the three topics discussed in this manuscript, I give considerable attention on worship and ethical issues.
Perjumpaan Psikologi dan Tasawuf Menuju Integrasi Dinamis
Authors: Mujiburrahman Mujiburrahman
Published: November 2018

The problematic relations between religion and science do not only occur in Western societies but also in Muslim societies. While early modern Muslim reformists strongly encouraged Muslims to adopt modern sciences, later reformists argued that modern sciences should be Islamized. The idea of Islamization of knowledge has been widely discussed and contested. Another alternative to the idea of Islamization is integration. The integration should be dynamic in the sense that they interact in a mutually illuminating, enriching and renewing mode. This paper presents the possibility of the dynamic integration between Psychology and Sufism. Some modern psychologists argue that Sufism is not scientific because it is not based on empirical observation, while some others say that modern psychology’s denial of metaphysical realities is in fact not based on strong evidence but assumptions. In the light of integration, instead of opposing the two disciplines to one another, one actually can draw the lines where modern psychology and Sufism meet and separate. The rational and empirical basis of modern psychology can be enriched, renewed and illuminated by the metaphysical and spiritual basis of Sufism, and vise-versa.
Pemikiran Ibn Taymīyah tentang Sharī‘ah sebagai Tujuan Tasawuf
Authors: Washil Izzuddin , Fata Ahmad Khoirul
Published: November 2018

Ibn Taymīyah rejects no all doctrines of Sufism although he criticizes some of them. He, for an instance, does firmly refuse altogether the doctrine of waḥdat al-wujūd and fanā’. Ibn Taymīyah has a unique concept of sufism, which differs from other concepts of Sufism promulgated by other sufis, especially those of Wujūdīyah proponents. Ibn Taymīyah’s concept of Sufism puts great emphasis on it appropriateness with stipulations of sharī‘ah. The compatibility of sharī‘ah and tasawuf has been the main feature of his model of Sufism. When other Sufis start their mystical journey from the stage of sharī‘ah, Ibn Taymīyah puts sharī‘ah as the final stages. To him sharī‘ah is the main goal of mystical journeys; tasawuf should be based on sharī‘ah and it also must end to sharī‘ah. Using al-Taftazānī’s perspective this study finds that the character of Ibn Taymīyah’s Sufism is Taṣawwuf Akhlāqī. This is so because he prefers to purify morality than such mystical experiences as waḥdat al-wujūd or fanā’ and the uses of symbols to reveal the mystical experiences.
PRODUTIVIDADE E QUALIDADE DE FRUTOS DO MELOEIRO, EM FUNÇÃO DE NITROGÊNIO E DE CO2 APLICADOS VIA FERTIRRIGAÇÃO
Authors: Pinto José Maria , Faria Clementino M. B. de , Feitosa Filho José Crispiano
Published: November 2018

PRODUTIVIDADE E QUALIDADE DE FRUTOS DO MELOEIRO, EM FUNÇÃO DE NITROGÊNIO E DE CO2 APLICADOS VIA FERTIRRIGAÇÃO  José Maria Pinto1; Clementino M. B. de Faria1; José Crispiniano Feitosa Filho21Embrapa Semi-Árido, Petrolina-PE, jmpinto@cpatsa.embrapa.br2Centro de Ciências Agrarias, Universidade da Paraiba, Areia, PB  1 RESUMO Estudos relacionados aos efeitos do aumento artificial da concentração de CO2 sobre as plantas permitem que se conheça a capacidade das plantas de adaptarem-se em atmosfera enriquecida com dióxido de carbono. Realizou-se estudos com a cultura do melão para avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de CO2 (80 kg ha-1) e doses de nitrogênio (0, 40, 80 e 120 kg ha-1), via água de irrigação localizada, na produtividade e características químicas dos frutos. As doses de N, calculadas pela equação de regressão ajustada aos dados obtidos no presente trabalho, para se obter a produtividade máxima esperada foram de 114,80 kg ha-1 (sem aplicação de CO2) e de 87,43 kg ha-1 (com aplicação de CO2). As maiores produtividades de melão foram obtidas nos tratamentos com aplicação de dióxido de carbono via água de irrigação. A aplicação de CO2 via água de irrigação contribuiu para maior eficiência da adubação nitrogenada e não afetou as características químicas dos frutos. UNITERMOS:: Cucumis melo, irrigação, nutrição de plantas  PINTO, J.M.; FARIA, C.M.B. DE; FEITOSA FILHO, J.C. MELON YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY DUE CO2 AND NITROGEN APPLICATION THROUGH FERTIGATION  2 ABSTRACT Studies related to the artificial increase of CO2 concentration on plants allow knowing plant ability to adapt to CO2 modified atmosphere. This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of CO2 application (80 kg ha-1) and Nitrogen doses (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha-1) through water irrigation on melon yield and fruit quality. Equations were adjusted for nitrogen and its levels to obtain maximum yield were 114.80 kg ha-1 without CO2 and 87.43 kg ha-1 with CO2. The highest yield was obtained by carbon dioxide through irrigation water because its application contributed to improve nitrogen fertilization efficiency and did not alter fruit chemical characteristics. KEYWORDS: Cucumis melo, irrigation, plant nutrition.
DIAGNÓSTICO DA APLICAÇÃO DE ÁGUAS RESIDUÁRIAS DA SUINOCULTURA NA CAFEICULTURA IRRIGADA II. AVALIAÇÃO DA UNIFORMIDADE DE APLICAÇÃO DE ÁGUA
Authors: Gonçalves Roberta Alessandra Bruschi , Mantovani Everardo Chartuni , Ramos Márcio Mota , Souza Luiz Otávio Carvalho de
Published: November 2018

DIAGNÓSTICO DA APLICAÇÃO DE ÁGUAS RESIDUÁRIAS DA SUINOCULTURA NA CAFEICULTURA IRRIGADAII. AVALIAÇÃO DA UNIFORMIDADE DE APLICAÇÃO DE ÁGUA  Roberta Alessandra Bruschi Gonçalves; Everardo Chartuni Mantovani; Márcio Mota Ramos; Luiz Otávio Carvalho de SouzaDepartamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Viçosa , Viçosa-MG, robertabruschi@gmail.com  1 RESUMO             A uniformidade de aplicação de água influencia diretamente a produtividade das culturas, que tende a aumentar com a uniformidade de irrigação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar os coeficientes de uniformidade de distribuição de água residuária da suinocultura (ARS) em 6 propriedades cafeeiras, que aplicam ARS via sistema de irrigação, localizadas em 5 diferentes municípios da região de cerrado de Minas Gerais. Do total de sistemas avaliados, 50% apresentaram coeficientes de uniformidade de distribuição de água residuária (CUC/CUD) abaixo do recomendado. Os melhores resultados estão associados ao sistema de irrigação localizada por gotejamento, mostrando a viabilidade da utilização do mesmo, desde que haja manejo adequado ao longo de todo o processo de tratamento do efluente, inclusive no sistema de filtragem do equipamento. UNITERMOS: café, reuso, irrigação GONÇALVES, R. A. B.; MANTOVANI, E. C.; RAMOS, M. M.; SOUZA, L. O. C. de; ANALYSIS OF SWINE CULTURE WASTEWATER APPLICATION ON IRRIGATED COFFEE CROP  -  II. EVALUATION OF WATER APPLICATION UNIFORMITY  2 ABSTRACT            Water application uniformity influences crop productivity that is likely to increase with irrigation uniformity. The objective of this work was to determine the uniformity distribution coefficients of swine culture wastewater on coffee plantations (SCW); the analysis was carried out on 6 farms in the Minas Gerais State cerrado region that use SCW through their irrigation system. Half of the assessed systems presented water application uniformity coefficient below the recommended limit. The best results were associated to drop irrigation, showing the viability of this irrigation system use if there is an appropriate management throughout the entire treatment process, including equipment filtration system management. KEYWORDS: coffee, irrigation, reuse
DIAGNÓSTICO DO PROCESSO DE SALINO-SODIFICAÇÃO NO PERÍMETRO IRRIGADO JABIBERI-SE
Authors: Aguiar Netto Antenor De Oliveira , Machado Regina , Barreto Marcos Cabral de Vasconcelos
Published: November 2018

DIAGNÓSTICO DO PROCESSO DE SALINO-SODIFICAÇÃO NO PERÍMETRO IRRIGADO JABIBERI-SE  Antenor de Oliveira Aguiar Netto; Regina Machado; Marcos Cabral de Vasconcelos BarretoDepartamento de Engenharia Agronômica, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Cidade Universitária “Prof. José Aloísio de Campos”,  São Cristóvão, SE, antenor@ufs.br  1 RESUMO A irrigação constitui-se em uma das mais importantes tecnologias para o aumento da produtividade e garantia da produção agrícola, principalmente nas regiões semi-áridas. Assim sendo, o Governo do Estado de Sergipe através de convênios com o Governo Federal implantou, durante a década de oitenta, uma série de perímetros irrigados, objetivando viabilizar a produção das pequenas, médias e grandes propriedades. Entretanto, após alguns anos o Governo do Estado, constatou que os perímetros irrigados não atingiram o desempenho esperado, em decorrência de diversos fatores. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo diagnosticar o processo de salino-sodificação que compromete a sustentabilidade do Perímetro Irrigado Jabiberi, localizado no município de Tobias Barreto. Para tanto foram realizadas análises de documentos, testes e análises das propriedades fisico-hídricas e químicas do solo. Observou-se que a maioria dos lotes estudados apresenta problemas de salinização e compactação do solo comprometendo a capacidade produtiva do lote. UNITERMOS: salinização, Irrigação por sulcos  AGUIAR NETTO, A. de O.; MACHADO, R.; BARRETO, M. C. de V. EVALUATION OF THE SALINE SOLIDIFICATION PROCESS IN THE IRRIGATED PERIOD OF JABIREBI, SE  2 ABSTRACT Irrigation constitutes one of the most important technologies to increase productivity and guarantee agricultural production mainly in semi-arid regions. Thus, the Sergipe State Government in cooperation with the Federal Government implanted, during  the 1980s,  a series of irrigated perimeters aiming to improve the production of small, medium and large farms. However, after some years, the State Government realized that the irrigated perimeters did not achieve the expected performance because of several factors. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the saline solidification process jeopardized the irrigated perimeter sustainability of Jabiberi in Tobias Barreto city, SE. Therefore, documental analyses, tests and analyses of chemical and physical-hydro soil properties were carried out. . It was observed that most of the studied land lots presented problems of sanilization and soil compactation that compromised the production capacity.KEYWORDS: saline-solidification, Surface irrigation.
BALANÇO HÍDRICO CLIMATOLÓGICO COMPARATIVO PARA A CIDADE DE QUILLOTA (CHILE) COM ESTIMATIVAS DE EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO OBTIDAS PELOS MÉTODOS DE PENMAN-MONTEITH E PELO TANQUE CLASSE A
Authors: Marcussi Francisco F. N. , Varas Eduardo Salgado , Wendland Edson
Published: November 2018

BALANÇO HÍDRICO CLIMATOLÓGICO COMPARATIVO PARA A CIDADE DE QUILLOTA (CHILE) COM ESTIMATIVAS DE EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO OBTIDAS PELOS MÉTODOS DE PENMAN-MONTEITH E PELO TANQUE CLASSE A  Francisco F. N. Marcussi1; Eduardo Salgado Varas2; Edson Wendland11Departamento de Hidráulica e Saneamento, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, marcussi@sc.usp.br, ew@sc.usp.br 2Pontifícia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Casila 4 – D, Quillota, Chile   1 RESUMO             Tendo em vista a falta de chuvas na quinta região do Chile, onde se localiza a cidade de Quillota (latitude 32o53’S, longitude 71o15’O e350 metros de altura), o fornecimento artificial de água por sistemas de irrigação torna-se de grande importância. Na produção agrícola irrigada, o balanço hídrico é utilizado na determinação de períodos de excesso ou escassez de água e, principalmente, na quantificação das deficiências hídricas para uma cultura em uma determinada localidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar um balanço hídrico mensal com uma análise crítica do mesmo para a cidade de Quillota, na quinta região do Chile, para o ano de 2003, pelo método de Penman-Monteith e pelo tanque classe A, com dados diários obtidos por uma estação meteorológica. Os resultados mostram que houve diferença nas estimativas obtidas pelo método de Penman-Monteith e do tanque classe A tanto para a evapotranspiração e evaporação como para o balanço hídrico. Nos meses de maio e de junho observou-se excesso d’água ocasionado pela baixa perda d’água por evapotranspiração, sendo esta condicionada por baixas taxas de radiação solar e baixas temperaturas. UNITERMOS: evapotranspiração, irrigação, evaporação.  MARCUSSI, F.F.N.; SALGADO, E.V.; WENDLAND, E. CLIMATOLOGIC WATER BALANCE FOR QUILLOTA CITY (V REGION IN CHILE) WITH EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ESTIMATES OBTAINED FROM PENMAN-MONTEITH   AND CLASS A PAN EVAPORATION METHODS  2 ABSTRACT             In view of the rain deficiencies in the fifth region of Chile, the area of Quillota (32o53’ S latitude, 71o15’W longitude and115 meters of altitude), the artificial water supply through irrigation systems has great importance. In irrigated agriculture, water balance is used to obtain crop water deficiencies in one determined location. The objective of this study was to present a monthly water balance with a critical analysis for the area of Quillota, in the fifth region ofChile, for the year 2003. Penman-Monteith and class A pan evaporation methods were used with daily data from an automatic meteorological station. Differences in evapotranspiration were found between both methods and also when they were compared to the water balance.  In May and June, water excess resulting from less evapotranspiration due to low solar radiation rates and low temperatures was observed. KEYWORDS: evapotranspiration, irrigation, evaporation.
ESTIMATIVA DA EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO DO FEIJÃO CAUPI UTILIZANDO O MODELO DE PENMAN-MONTEITH
Authors: Lima José Romualdo de Sousa , Antonino Antonio Celso Dantas , Soares Willames De Albuquerque , Silva Ivandro De França da
Published: November 2018

ESTIMATIVA DA EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO DO FEIJÃO CAUPI UTILIZANDO O MODELO DE PENMAN-MONTEITH  José Romualdo de Sousa Lima1; Antonio Celso Dantas Antonino2; Willames de Albuquerque Soares2; Ivandro de França da Silva11Departamento de Solos e Engenharia Rural, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, PB,  romualdosolo@yahoo.com2Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE  1 RESUMO O modelo de Penman-Monteith (PM) com uma resistência do dossel (rc) variável foi usado para estimar a evapotranspiração (ET) do feijão caupi sob diferentes condições atmosféricas e de conteúdo de água do solo. A resistência rc é função da temperatura do ar, do déficit de pressão de vapor, do saldo de radiação e do conteúdo de água do solo. Esses parâmetros foram medidos, com sensores conectados a uma central de aquisição, numa área cultivada de 4,0 ha, localizada no CCA-UFPB, Areia, PB. A ET foi determinada experimentalmente por meio do método do Balanço de Energia-razão de Bowen. O conteúdo de água do solo foi monitorado com sensores do tipo TDR. O desempenho do modelo de PM foi avaliado comparando-se os valores horários e diários de ET calculados e os determinados experimentalmente. O valor do erro padrão (SE) para os valores horários da ET foi de 0,02 mm h-1, enquanto o índice d (Id) foi 0,99; para os valores diários, SE foi de 0,45 mm d-1 e o Id de 0,89. O modelo de PM pode ser usado para estimar com exatidão a ET do feijão caupi nas escalas horária e diária. UNITERMOS: razão de Bowen, calor latente, conteúdo de água no solo, irrigação, TDR  LIMA, J. R. de S.; ANTONINO, A. C. D.; SOARES, W. de A.; SILVA, I. de F. da.COWPEA EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ESTIMATE USING THE PENMAN-MONTEITH MODEL  2 ABSTRACT The Penman-Monteith model with a variable surface canopy resistance (rc) was used to estimate cowpea crop evapotranspiration (ET) under different soil water content and atmospheric conditions.  rc is a function of air temperature, vapor pressure deficit, net radiation and soil water content. These parameters were measured with sensors connected to a datalogger, in a 4.0-ha cultivated area situated at the CCA-UFPB, Areia, PB. ET was determined experimentally by the Bowen Ration Energy Balance method. Soil water content was monitored by TDR sensors. The Penman-Monteith model performance (ETPM) was evaluated using hourly and daily evapotranspiration values that were obtained from the energy balance – Bowen ratio (ETB). On an hourly basis, the overall standard estimate error (SEE) was 0.02 mm h‑1 and the d index (Id) was 0.99; while on a daily basis, the SEE was 0.45 mm d-1 and the Id, 0.89. Thus, the Penman-Monteith model may be used to estimate daily and hourly cowpea crop ET accurately.KEYWORDS: Bowen ratio, latent heat, soil water content, irrigation, TDR
CONSTRUÇÃO E CALIBRAÇÃO DE UM MANÔMETRO DE LEITURAS DIGITAL MICROPROCESSADO
Authors: Figueredo Júnior Luis Gonzaga Medeiros , Dias Nildo Da Silva , Duenhas Luiza Helena , Botrel Tarlei Arriel
Published: November 2018

CONSTRUÇÃO E CALIBRAÇÃO DE UM MANÔMETRO DE LEITURAS DIGITAL MICROPROCESSADO   Luis Gonzaga Medeiros Figueredo Júnior1; Nildo da Silva Dias2; Luiza Helena Duenhas3; Tarlei Arriel Botrel41Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Estadual do Piauí,Parnaíba, PI, lgfigue@esalq.usp.br2Embrapa Meio-Norte, Teresina, PI3Embrapa Semi-Árido, Petrolina, PE4Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP  1 RESUMO O presente trabalho refere-se à construção e a calibração de um manômetro com leituras digital de baixo custo e simples. O manômetro armazena dados de pressão em condutos forçados, utilizando-se basicamente um microcontrolador Basic Step, um conversor analógico digital e um transdutor de pressão. O manômetro desenvolvido foi calibrado com auxílio de um manômetro de peso morto, e a equação que correlaciona tensão e pressão, comparada à fornecida pelo fabricante. Verificou-se uma tendência de erro maior para as menores pressões, o que justifica a calibração ao se usar o mesmo transdutor de pressão empregado neste trabalho. O manômetro construído pode substituir, sem prejuízos, modelos de custo elevado e de difícil manutenção, além de poderem ser instalados em computadores de baixo desempenho, muitas vezes em desuso nas universidades, centros de pesquisas e empresas, possibilitando a realização de diversos tipos de experimentos ou, simplesmente, leitura de sinais. UNITERMOS: Basic Step, sensor de pressão, condutos forçados.  FIGUEREDO JÚNIOR, L.G.M.; DIAS, N.S.; DUENHAS, L.H.; BOTREL, T.A. BUILDING AND CALIBRATION OF A DIGITAL READING MICROCONTROLER MANOMETER  2 ABSTRACT The present study aimed to develop and calibrate a simple, low-cost, digital microcontroller manometer. Manometer storages pressure data on pressure pipes with a Basic Step microcontroller, an analogical digital converter and a pressure transducer. The developed manometer was calibrated with a dead weight gauge, and the equation that correlates tension and pressure, was compared to that one given by the manufacturer. It was verified that there is a tendency to higher errors for lower pressure values, which justifies the calibration when the same pressure transducer is used. The equipment can substitute high cost models of difficult maintenance, besides the possibility of installation in older computers, available at universities, research centers and corporations, making it possible to carry out many experiments or simply signals readings. KEY WORDS: Basic Step, pressure sensor, pressure pipe.