bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perbandingan Efektivitas Berkumur Dengan Chlorhexidine dan Obat Kumur yang Mengandung Daun Sirih (Piper betle) Terhadap Penurunan Indeks Plak Pasien Pengguna Alat Ortodontik Cekat
Authors: Mandalas Henry Yonatan , Aini Nabila , Edinata Ken
Published: March 2022

Alat ortodontik cekat mempunyai bentuk yang rumit sehingga mempermuhan terbentuknya akumulasi plak pada permukaan gigi dan di sekitar bracket. Kontrol plak pada pasien pengguna alat ortodontik cekat dapat dilakukan dengan dua cara yaitu secara mekanis dengan meyikat gigi dan kimia dengan obat kumur dan pasta gigi. Obat kumur memiliki beberapa jenis berdasarkan bahan dasar yang digunakannya. Chlorhexidine merukapan obat kumur berbahan dasar kimia yang sudah teruji sebagai gold standar dalam penggunaan dan efektivitasnya. Namun, chlorhexidine memiliki efek samping apabila digunakan terus menerus seperti pewarnaan gigi dan perubahan persepsi rasa. Maka dari itu, diperlukan alternatif obat kumur berbahan dasar herbal seperti daun sirih (Piper betle) yang lebih alami dan efektif dalam kontrol plak dan baik dalam kesehatan gigi dan mulut.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbandingan efektivitas berkumur dengan obat kumur chlorhexidine dan obat kumur daun sirih (Piper betle) terhadap indeks plak pasien pengguna alat ortodontik cekat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental klinis dengan single blind experiment disertai pre-test and post- test design dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 30 orang.

Keefektivitasan obat kumur diuji melalui independent t-test dengan hasil efektivitas obat kumut daun sirih (Piper betle) terhadap penurunan indeks plak sebesar 29,74 dan efektivitas obat kumur chlorhexidine terhadap penurunanindeks plak sebesar 56,37 (p = 0,014). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan efektivitas yang signifikan antara penggunaan obat kumur daun sirih (Piper betle) dan obat kumur chlorhexidine.

Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa obat kumur chlorhexidine lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan daun sirih (Piper betle) dalam menurunkan indeks plak pada pasien pengguna ortodontik cekat.
Изучение покупательского поведения в розничной торговле : теория и практика
Authors:   Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ, Депутатова Елена Юрьевна , Зверева Анна Олеговна ,   Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ, Ильяшенко Светлана Борисовна ,   Российский экономический университет им. Г.В. Плеханова
Published: March 2022

В учебном пособии изложены как классические, так и авторские подходы к изучению поведения покупателя, приведены подходы к сегментации, потребительские тренды и пути их анализа, методы оценки емкости и потенциала рынка. Рассмотрено влияние парадигмальных направлений (нейромаркетинг и эмпирический маркетинг), влияние технологий мерчандайзинга на эмоциональное поведение покупателей и интернет-технологий, дистанционной торговли, позволяющих формировать потребительскую лояльность. Для студентов бакалавриата, обучающихся по направлению подготовки «Торговое дело», а также работников предприятий торговли.
Views Of Primary School Teachers About The Effects Of Refugee Students On The Academic Success Of Other Students
Authors: Can KEKEÇ Nazlı , ÜSTÜN Ahmet
Published: March 2022

Bu araştırmanın amacı, mülteci öğrencilerin yaşamış oldukları sorunların diğer öğrencilerin akademik başarısı üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemek için sınıf öğretmenlerinin görüşlerini derinlemesine incelemektir. Araştırma örneklemini
farklı okullardan seçilmiş olan 8 tane sınıf öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Bu araştırma nitel araştırma kapsamında yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma modeli nitel araştırma desenlerinden biri olan
fenomonolojik (olgu bilim) araştırma olarak belirlenmiştir. Veriler betimsel ve içerik analizi teknikleri ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmaya katılan sınıf öğretmenleri mülteci öğrenciler ile ilgili yaşadıkları sorunları iletişim
problemi, uyum problemi, gruplaşmalar, hırçın davranışlar, sınıf düzenini bozma, dersin hızını yavaşlatma ve sınıf yönetimini zorlaştırma şeklinde ifade etmişlerdir. Sınıf öğretmenlerinin mülteci öğrenciler ile yaşadıkları bu sorunların
okul düzenini, sınıf yönetimini ve okulun akademik başarısını anlamlı şekilde etkili olduğu görüşünün ağırlık kazandığı tespit edilmiştir. Bulgular doğrultusunda araştırmacı mülteci öğrencilere oryantasyon uygulanması, Türkçe dili
eğitimi verilmesi, uyum sınıflarının açılması, sınıflara öğrencilerin akademik başarı seviyelerine göre dağıtılması gibi birtakım önerilerde bulunmuştur.
Efektivitas Lama dan Metode Blansir terhadap Kadar Antosianin dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ubi Jalar Ungu (Ipomoea batatas l.)
Authors: Budyghifari Laras , Laga Amran , K. Sukendar Nandi , Muhpidah
Published: March 2022

Purple sweet potato, as one of the tubers with a large area of production and utilization in Indonesia, contains bioactive compounds (including anthocyanin) that are beneficial to health. Anthocyanins give purple pigment, which accumulates with other compounds having antioxidant activity. Heat treatment in purple sweet potato processing at certain times and methods resulted in the degradation of different bioactive compounds. Steamed and boiled blanching methods are common t o prevent this damage. Research on the effect of blanching and drying methods on the content of bioactive compounds of purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas l.) was carried out through several stages1) the preparation of purple sweet potato slices using a slicer and 2) directly placing it in a container filled with water to avoid oxidation. Inactivation of the browning-causing polyphenol oxidase enzyme was carried out by steaming and boiling at a boiling temperature (above 100°C) with sampling every 5 minutes for 15 minutes. The best treatment was steamed blanching for 5 minutes with anthocyanin levels of 77.64 mg/kg and antioxidants of 134.54 ppm, categorized as weak activity.
Pelatihan Asesmen Hasil Belajar Digital Terintegrasi Quizizz Dan Google Form Sebagai Solusi Pembelajaran Di Masa New Normal
Authors: Muliani Muliani
Published: March 2022

Tujuan pelaksanaan kegiatan ini yaitu untuk memberikan pelatihan kepada guru terhadap asesemen hasil belajar digital terintegrasi quizizz dan google form sebagai solusi pembelajaran di masa new normal. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan melalui 3 tahapan yaitu persiapan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi. Pelaksanaan kegiatan berlangsung selama 2 kali pertemuan dengan materi yaitu pelatihan penggunaan google form dan aplikasi quiziz sebagai asesmen hasil belajar. Peserta kegiatan yaitu guru-guru di SMP N 2 Dewantara. Hasil kegiatan diperoleh bahwa  peserta yang memahami asesmen digital sebesar 82%, peserta yang dapat mengenal aplikasi asesmen berbasis digital sebesar 62%, peserta yang pernah menggunakan aplikasi asesmen berbasis digital sebesar 29%, peserta yang memanfaatkan aplikasi digital sebagai asesmen sebsar 23%, peserta yang tertarik menggunakan media digital dalam menyusun instrumen asesmen sebesar 88%. Hasil tingkat  kepuasan peserta terhadap pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat adalah 91% berada pada tingkatan sangat puas terhadap keterlaksanaan kegiatan. Sehinga dapat disimpulkan bahwa kegiatan pelatihan ini bermanfaat bagi guru sebagai solusi pembelajaran di era new normal.
Sifat Fisik Garam Hasil Pengeringan Sari Air Laut (SAL) menggunakan Pengering Semprot
Authors: Ansar Ansar , Sabani Rahmat , Murad Murad
Published: March 2022

Pengering semprot merupakan salah satu alat pengering buatan yang sering digunakan untuk mengeringkan bahan yang berbentuk cairan. Namun, masalah yang sering terjadi adalah rendemennya rendah karena produk sering lengket di permukaan ruang pengering. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kondisi pengeringan terhadap sifat fisik garam hasil pengeringan sari air laut menggunakan pengering semprot. Proses pengeringan dilakukan dengan menvariasi suhu udara pengering 105, 115, dan 125°C dan konsentrasi laktosa 20, 30, dan 40% v/g. Sedangkan kecepatan aliran udara pengering dibuat konstan, yaitu 40 m/s dan kecepatan aliran bahan adalah 45 ml/s. Parameter penelitian adalah kadar air, kadar NaCl, dan laju pengeringan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu udara pengering yang tinggi menyebabkan proses perpindahan panas dari medium udara pengering ke permukaan droplet juga besar. Akibatnya, proses perpindahan massa bahan melalui penguapan juga besar. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi laktosa, semakin tinggi pula kadar air garam yang dihasilkan karena laktosa mampu mengikat kadar air.
Dose Optimization, Mutagenic Effectiveness and Efficiency of EMS in Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum L.)
Authors:   Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics,  Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641003, India, Francis Neethu , R Ravikesavan ,   Department of Millets, Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641003, India, K Iyanar ,   Department of Millets, Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641003, India, M Raveendran ,   Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology,  Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641003, India, T Chitdeshwari ,   Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641003 India, A Senthil ,   Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641003, India
Published: March 2022

Mutation breeding is an important approach to crop improvement. Identifying beneficial mutagen and its optimum dose are the prerequisites for any successful mutation breeding program. The present study aimed to identify the optimum dose, mutagenic effectiveness, and efficiency of various concentrations of EMS mutagen in proso millet variety ATL 1. Ten treatment concentrations 10 to 100 mM and control were evaluated using germination paper, tray, and field method to estimate the effect of the mutagen on seedling growth and survival in M1 generation. Based on viable mutation frequency in M2 generation, the mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of the mutagen were determined. The mean lethal concentration (LD50) and mean concentration for 50 per cent reduction in growth (GR50) doses were determined to be 41 mM and 45 mM, respectively based on survival per cent and shoot length reduction over control. The mutagenic effectiveness was the highest at 50 mM and mutagenic efficiency was the highest at 40 mM. Broad-spectrum of viable mutants was identified in M2 generation that could be utilized to develop improved cultivars in the crop.
Atuação do físico médico e supervisor de proteção radiológica na rotina de um Serviço de Medicina Nuclear
Authors: Molena Seraphim Daniel , Osamu Ohashi Eduardo , Rodrigues de Pina Diana
Published: March 2022

Este trabalho fez uso de revisão bibliográfica de guias, normas e legislação, nacionais e internacionais, para identificar as principais atribuições de especialistas em física médica e/ou supervisores de proteção radiológica que atuam em Serviços de Medicina Nuclear no Brasil. A partir do encontrado, foram propostos quatro eixos principais de atuação destes profissionais: Programa de Controle de Qualidade da Instrumentação, Programa de Monitoração Individual e Dosimetria, Gerência de Fontes, Materiais e Rejeitos Radioativos e Programa de Treinamento e Educação Continuada em Proteção Radiológica. Além disso, foram sinalizadas, também, atividades práticas pertinentes a cada eixo. Conclui-se que a atuação de físicos quando assumem a função de Supervisores de Proteção Radiológica na medicina nuclear vai muito além de testes de controle de qualidade de instrumentação. Estes profissionais devem estar inseridos em diversos fluxos, para que possam agir de maneira direta na manutenção de níveis elevados de segurança, eficiência e confiabilidade das práticas conduzidas, contribuindo para implementação de um Programa de Garantia de Qualidade abrangente e eficaz.
Cooperation and Cattle Herding in Eighteenth Century Acadia: Implications for Archaeological Studies of Agropastoralism
Authors: Welker Martin H. , Hughes Joanne E. , McClure Sarah B.
Published: March 2022

Anthropological studies of cattle management have frequently used nomadic open-range African pastoralists as models even when examining more sedentary agro-pastoralists relying upon combinations of crops and livestock that prevent or inhibit mobility. The relatively limited number of datasets on more sedentary agro-pastoralists makes it difficult to assess the suitability of this analogy when modeling and understanding herd dynamics in sedentary or semi-sedentary societies like those in the European Neolithic or pre-industrial colonies in North America. Census data on seventeenth- and eighteenth-century French colonists in eastern Canada and the northeastern U.S. reveal that household herds average fewer than eight individuals. Herds this small would have been dangerously close to collapse if animals were slaughtered and would not have had sufficient numbers to grow quickly. Using effective population size, a measure from wildlife biology, to assess the demographic and genetic health of wildlife populations, we demonstrate that Acadian herders were able to overcome the challenges of their small herds by participating in village or inter-village herd networks. Furthermore, we demonstrate that differences in herd management existed across the Acadian colonies and correspond, in part, to local involvement in cod fishing. We suggest this case study may provide a useful model for understanding prehistoric sedentary agropastoralism and the role of cooperation in prehistoric animal management decisions.
Sixteenth-Century Bulge on the Coast of Chile
Authors: Bahill A. Terry
Published: March 2022

This paper traces the sixteenth-century addition and removal on maps of a bulge on the southern coast of Chile. Abraham Ortelius was primarily responsible for these changes and many cartographers followed his lead.Then, Ortelius rotated the coastline of Chile from northwest to north. Later, he dropped the latitude of the islands of San Pablo and Isla de los Tiburones down six degrees. He named the Amazon River “Río de las amazons.” Finally, he removed the cities with fake Native-American-sounding names along the Pacific coast of North America. The research underlying this paper examined over seven-hundred sixteenth-century maps made by sixdozen cartographers. This paper cites five-dozen maps by four-dozen cartographers. In the traceability section of this paper, this information was condensed into a traceability diagram, which shows the chronological flow of information among a score of cartographers. Using this information, this paper traced the influence of one cartographer on another: it showed who influenced whom. It showed the spread of knowledge. Ortelius was at the center of most of this knowledge explosion.
Media Diorama dan Keaktifan Belajar Peserta Didik dalam Pembelajaran IPA
Authors: Evitasari Atika Dwi , Aulia Mariam Sri
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan media diorama terhadap keaktifan belajar peserta didik dalam pembelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan desain penelitian yaitu Control Group Pre-test and Post-test. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas V Sekolah Dasar Negeri Brosot berjumlah 58 peserta didik. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian populasi. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji t (t-test), dengan uji prasyarat analisis menggunakan uji normalitas dan uji homogenitas dengan taraf signifikan 5%. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh positif penggunaan media diorama terhadap keaktifan belajar peserta didik dalam pembelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam. Hal tersebut diketahui dengan perolehan thitung sebesar 16.969 dan ttabel yaitu 1,672 dengan dk = n1 + N2 – 2.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Sole (Self Organized Learning Environments) Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Berbasis HOTs (High Order Thinking Skills)
Authors: Setyorini Harnanik , Sari Nurratri Kurnia , Sutrisno Tri
Published: March 2022

Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh Model Pembelajaran SOLE (Self Organized Learning Environments) terhadap prestasi belajar HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills) kelas 5 Sekolah Dasar Sekelurahan Jatisrono. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu eksperimen semu (quasi eksperimental). Adapun sampel pada penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas 5 SDN 3 Jatisrono dari keseluruhan siswa kelas 5 Sekolah Dasar Sekelurahan. Variabel bebas pada penelitian ini adalah Model Pembelajaran SOLE sedangkan variabel terikat nya adalah prestasi belajar. Teknik Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah tes, dokumentasi, dan observasi. Uji Instrumen penelitian ini adalah uji validitas, daya beda, tingkat kesukaran, dan realibilitas. Teknik analisis data dilakukan melalui 3 tahap yaitu uji pendahuluan, uji prasyarat data, dan uji hipotesis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa ada pengaruh model pembelajran SOLE terhadap prestasi belajar HOTS siswa kelas 5 Sekolah   Dasar   Sekelurahan   Jatisrono   Kabupaten   Wonogiri   Tahun   Pelajaran 2020/2021. Dasar pengambilan keputusan berdasarkan hasil analisis menggunakan uji T Independen, apabila thitung lebih besar daripada t tabel, maka h0 ditolak dan ha diterima. Dasar penelitian ttabel pada penelitian ini adalah pada jumlah sampel  ( N ) yakni 33 siswa, maka drajat bebas (df) = N – 2  = 33 – 2 = 31, MAKA TTabel dengan df 31 dan taraf signifikan 5%  adalah 2,03951, sedangkan nilai thitung  5,450. Sehingga thitung lebih besar daripada ttabel yang menunjukkan bahwa h0 ditolak dan ha diterima. Model pembelajaran SOLE melatih siswa belajar mandiri serta berpikir kritis sehingga dapat memberikan pengaruh terhadap prestasi belajar siswa. Terbukti dari nilai rata – rata kelas kontrol 55,71 terjadi peningkatan pada kelas eksperimen dengan nilai rata – rata 82,11. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh yang signifikan dalam penggunaan Model Pembelajaran SOLE (Self Organized Learning Environments) terhadap prestasi belajar HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills).
Profil Keterampilan Abad 21 Mahasiswa Pada Mata Kuliah Metodologi Penelitian Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi Angkatan 2018 Universitas Negeri Medan
Authors: Saragih Dina Fitriyani , Simatupang Halim
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil keterampilan abad 21 mahasiswa pada mata kuliah metodologi penelitian program studi pendidikan biologi angkatan 2018 FMIPA Universitas Negeri Medan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember-Maret 2020 di Prodi Pendidikan Biologi Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Negeri Medan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif campuran dengan strategi eksplanatoris sekunsial dan teknik pengambilan sampel yairu random sampling sebanyak 109 mahasiswa.Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik statistik untuk data kuantitatif dan analisis interaktif untuk data kualitatif dengan mengikuti konsep yang dikemukakan Niels dan Huberman yang meliputi tiga alur kegiatan yaitu data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan instrumen kuisioner, wawancara dan dokumentasi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Profil keterampilan abad 21 mahasiswa pada mata kuliah metodologi penelitian program studi pendidikan biologi angkatan 2018 berdasarkan empat komponen yaitu keterampilan berpikir kritis memiliki nilai rata-rata 78,60% (Baik), keterampilan berfikir kreatif memiliki nilai rata-rata 72, 94% (Baik), keterampilan komunikasi memiliki nilai rata-rata 75,92 (Baik) dan keterampilan kolaborasi memiliki nilai ratarata 83,81% (Baik). Secara keseluruhan, Profil keterampilan abad 21 mahasiswa pada mata kuliah metodologi penelitian program studi pendidikan biologi angkatan 2018 FMIPA Universitas Negeri Medan terkategorikan dengan baik.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Profil keterampilan abad 21 mahasiswa pada mata kuliah metodologi penelitian program studi pendidikan biologi angkatan 2018 berdasarkan empat komponen yaitu keterampilan berpikir kritis memiliki nilai rata-rata 78,60% (Baik), keterampilan berfikir kreatif memiliki nilai rata-rata 72, 94% (Baik), keterampilan komunikasi memiliki nilai rata-rata 75,92 (Baik) dan keterampilan kolaborasi memiliki nilai ratarata 83,81% (Baik). Secara keseluruhan, Profil keterampilan abad 21 mahasiswa pada mata kuliah metodologi penelitian program studi pendidikan biologi angkatan 2018 FMIPA Universitas Negeri Medan terkategorikan dengan baik.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Profil keterampilan abad 21 mahasiswa pada mata kuliah metodologi penelitian program studi pendidikan biologi angkatan 2018 berdasarkan empat komponen yaitu keterampilan berpikir kritis memiliki nilai rata-rata 78,60% (Baik), keterampilan berfikir kreatif memiliki nilai rata-rata 72, 94% (Baik), keterampilan komunikasi memiliki nilai rata-rata 75,92 (Baik) dan keterampilan kolaborasi memiliki nilai ratarata 83,81% (Baik). Secara keseluruhan, Profil keterampilan abad 21 mahasiswa pada mata kuliah metodologi penelitian program studi pendidikan biologi angkatan 2018 FMIPA Universitas Negeri Medan terkategorikan dengan baik.
Pengaruh Intradialytic Exercise Terhadap Penurunan Tekanan Darah Pada Pasien Hemodialisa di Rumah Sakit Grandmed Lubuk Pakam
Authors: Rosaulina Meta , Gurusinga Mona Fitri
Published: March 2022

Intradialytic Exercise didefinisikan sebagai pergerakan terencana, terstruktur yang dilakukan untuk memperbaiki atau memelihara satu atau lebih aspek kebugaran fisik. Intradialytic exercise yang dilakukan pada saat hemodialisa dapat meningkatkan aliran darah otot, memperbesar jumlah kapiler serta memperbesar luas dan permukaan kapiler sehingga meningkatkan perpindahan urea dan toksin dari jaringan ke vaskuler yang kemudian dialirkan ke dializer atau mesin. Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui adanya Pengaruh Intradialytic Exercise Terhadap Penurunan Tekanan Darah Pada Pasien Hemodialisa di Rumah Sakit Grandmed Lubuk Pakam. Jenis penelitian ini kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian pra eksperimental dengan penelitian (one-group pre-post test design). Yang dilakukan pada 55 orang pasien gagal ginjal kronik yang menjalani terapi hemodialisa di Rumah Sakit Grandmed Lubuk Pakam yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret 2021. Bedasarkan tabel Uji Wilcoxon menunjukkan bahwa nilai Z pada sistol post test – sistol pre test yaitu -5,787 dengan nilai sig ( p = 0,000 0,005) dan nilai Z pada diastol post test – diastol pre test yaitu -6,205 dengan nilai sig ( p = 0,000 0,005) sehingga dapat diasumsikan bahwa ada pengaruh intradilaytic exercise terhadap penurunan tekanan darah pada pasien hemodialisa di Rumah Sakit Grandmed Lubuk Pakam Tahun 2021
ANALYZING THE CRITERIA AFFECTING TRANSITION TO AIRPLANE BY COMPARING DIFFERENT METHODS
Authors: REYHANOĞLU İzay , TENGİLİMOĞLU Dilaver
Published: March 2022

This study, using the multi-vehicle approach, discusses the criteria affecting the transition from alternative transportation modes (car, train, bus) to air transportation between city pairs that neither have a hub status nor non-stop flights between them. If these criteria change, the demand for air transportation will increase. For this purpose, a survey was conducted in the provinces of Kayseri and Bursa, which are among the important trade, industry, and tourism centers in Turkey, in the course of three months between January and March, 2018. Logistic regression, the artificial neural network model, and clustering analyses were applied to the data compiled from questionnaires responded to by 501 individuals in Kayseri and 453 individuals in Bursa. According to the empirical findings, it was concluded that the most significant criteria in the transition to air transportation according to all three methods are the cost of travel/ticket price and non-stop flight. Additionally, it was observed that the Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) model made more accurate predictions compared to others. This study is important since it compares three different methods for the purpose of criteria determination concerning the choice of transportation modes.
A NEW APPROACH TO ACCESSIBILITY, DISABILITY AND SUSTAINABILITY IN TOURISM – MULTIDISCIPLINARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL DIMENSIONS
Authors:   Eötvös Loránd Research Network – Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Budapest, Konkoly-Thege Miklós út, Budapest Corvinus University, Institute of Advanced Studies, Budapest, Hungary, FARKAS Jácint , RAFFAY Zoltán ,   University of Pécs, Faculty of Business and Economics, Pécs, Hungary, PETYKÓ Csilla ,   Budapest Business School, Faculty of Commerce, Hospitality and Tourism, Department of Tourism, Budapest, Hungary
Published: March 2022

Introduction and aim of the paper: The principles of sustainability are becoming increasingly important in the philosophy and practice of tourism. One dimension of this is the provision of accessibility. Making facilities accessible is interpreted by most as the elimination of physical barriers to movement and dislocation in the “community living space”. In our opinion, however, in accessibility physical realisation is not the only interpretation: in the interpretation of existential philosophy, one basic human characteristic is man’s barrier-dismantling and existentially handicapped character – so accessibility and our definition of disability are two of those basis characteristics that make us humans. Using the methodology of literature review, hermeneutical research and the findings of an extended online and face-to-face survey, the authors come to the conclusion that accessibility is more than making physical living space accessible, and they reconsider the frameworks of sustainability.
Experimental Investigation of Combustion Characteristics of a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with Methanol-Gasoline Blends (M15 and M85)
Authors: CHAUDHARY Nıdhı , SUBRAMANİAN K. A.
Published: March 2022

Combustion characteristics of a 2.8 kW, constant speed, spark ignition engine fuelled with methanol-gasoline blends (M15 and M85) were studied. It was observed that the maximum in-cylinder pressure and maximum heat release rate with M85 were almost like gasoline while these values were significantly lower with M15. The flame development duration was 30.5% and 5.5% shorter at lower and higher load respectively with M85 as compared to gasoline. In addition to this, the flame propagation duration was shorter by 37% and 14.28% at lower and higher load with M85. Similar results were obtained with M15 blend. The crank angle for fifty percent mass burnt fraction was near to the top dead centre of engine with both the blends as compared to gasoline. The methanol-gasoline fuelled spark ignition engine’s important combustion characteristics including heat release rate, cumulative heat release, combustion duration, flame development, propagation and laminar flame velocity are analysed in detail.
Analysis of Combustion and Cycle to Cycle Variations of an Ethanol (E100) Fueled Spark-Ignition Engine
Authors: GUPTA Sachin Kumar , SUBRAMANİAN K. A.
Published: March 2022

Ethanol, produced from biomass, is a renewable fuel that can be an attractive alternative fuel to gasoline for the increasing concerns of energy security and the environment. In the present work, combustion characteristics of ethanol (E100) fueled spark-ignition engine are compared with base gasoline fuel, and consecutively evaluated the cycle-to-cycle variations (CCV) of the engine parameters using statistical analysis. These investigations were performed on a 250cc air-cooled four-stroke single-cylinder port-fuel injection spark-ignition fueled with ethanol and gasoline fuels. The engine was operated at 3500 rpm and 4000 rpm of engine speed while maintaining the same loads for ethanol and gasoline. It was found from the results that the peak in-cylinder pressure (Ppeak) is lower with ethanol than gasoline at a given load. The Ppeak decreased from 27.5 to 25.5 bar when ethanol was used in the engine at 9.8:1 compression ratio, 3500 rpm, and 5 Nm load. Moreover, the mass fraction burned of the air-fuel mixture was faster for ethanol as compared to gasoline. The CCV with Ppeak, location of Ppeak, engine speed, and indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) were evaluated. The result showed that CCV of Ppeak and its location were lowered for ethanol related to gasoline. A decrement in the coefficient of variation (COV) of Ppeak and its location from 11.6% to 8.3% and 12.6% to 11.7%, respectively, were observed when ethanol was utilized in the engine instead of gasoline at 3500 rpm and 5 Nm load. This resulted in a decrease in the COV of IMEP and engine speed by 2.8% and 0.25%, respectively, for ethanol as compared to gasoline at 3500 rpm and 5 Nm. This study results indicate the combustion stability of spark ignition engine with ethanol (E100) is better than gasoline fuel.
Medicines regulation, pricing and reimbursement in Brazil
Authors: IVAMA-BRUMMELL Adriana M. , PINGRET-KIPMAN Daniella , LOULY Priscila G. , ANDRADE Rosiene R.
Published: March 2022

Brazil is an upper-middle-income country with a high human development index (HDI) of 0.765 (2019). The Unique Health System (SUS) is a universal, decentralised system, free at point-of-care, although 27% of Brazilians have voluntary supplementary health insurance. Medicines are provided free-of-charge through the SUS, though there are a few exceptions where co-payment is required. Around 87% of the country’s expenditure with medicines and medical devices corresponds to out-of-pocket, highlighting the importance of price regulation. Marketing authorisation and maximum price approval are mandatory market entry requirements for medicines. Pricing policies include maximum price approval, regulation of mark-ups, tax exemption, annual price adjustment and a mandatory discount for government procurement and enforcement mechanisms. The pricing of new drugs considers the patent status and added therapeutic benefit. It is a combination of health technology assessment and external or internal reference pricing, while drugs with active ingredients in the market follow internal reference pricing. The maximum price of generics must be up to 65% of the reference’s price. The maximum approved prices and public procurement prices are publicly available. Brazil has a value-based decision-making process for incorporating medicines and other technologies at the SUS. Current areas of work include horizon scanning, participation of patients in decision-making and re-assessment of technologies. As a decentralised system, medicines are procured by the Ministry of Health, states and municipalities, according to their level of responsibility. Pricing and reimbursement policies, including a consolidated generics policy, have been important in promoting transparency, predictability, and price stability, in turn contributing to cost-containment and access. Ongoing challenges include high rates of judicialisation, medicines with excessive prices not commensurate with their clinical benefits, no provision for pricing review, problems related to governance and politics. To address these challenges, the authors have three main recommendations. First: improving regulatory governance, second: incentivising the development and promoting access to medicines with stronger evidence, added clinical benefit and fair prices, and third: increasing awareness among stakeholders, avoiding judicialisation and minimising its impact; contributing to closing the gap between innovation and access to medicines.
Investigation of antimicrobial properties and chemical composition of different extracts of Sweet gum leaves (Liquidambar orientalis)
Authors: KESKİN Dilek , GÜVENSEN Nur
Published: March 2022

Different extracts of Liquidambar orientalisleaves were tested for their antimicrobial activity against eleven bacterial and one yeast strain by disc diffusion method. The antimicrobial activity was measured by disc diffusion and MIC. After that among extracts the best antimicrobial activity was detected.Volatile components of the ethanolic extracts of leaves of sweetgum analysed by GC/MS.Ethanolic extracts of sweetgum leaves showed the best inhibition zones against Klebsiella pneumoniae (32mm). K.pneumoniae CCM 2318 showed the lowest sensitivity to 0.008 mg/mL concentration of ethanolic extracts. Ethanolic extracts of L. orientalis var. orientalis were showed the best antimicrobial activity MIC values of ethanolic extracts ranging from 0.008-64 mg.mL-1 to the tested bacteria. The GC/MS analyses allowed seven compounds to be determined; benzenepropanol (%49.30) and cinnamic acid (%35.89) were the main constituents of the of sweetgum leaves extract. All the extracts of L. orientalis leaves showed varying degrees of antimicrobial activity on the microorganisms tested. The antimicrobial activity was due to the presence the essential oils. Among the tested extracts the ethanolic extracts were the most active against the microorganisms tested compared to the reference antibiotics.
Microsatellite analysis in some watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) genotypes
Authors: KAMAŞAK Solmaz , COŞKUN Ömer Faruk , DALDA ŞEKERCİ Akife , GÜLŞEN Osman
Published: March 2022

Conservation of genetic resources is essential for the continuation of future crop production. Watermelon (Citrul-lus lanatus), a member of Cucurbitaceae, is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. The aim of this study was to reveal the genetic relationships with the help of microsatellite markers in a watermelon collection free of unnecessary repetitions, and to determine the success of SSR (Simple Sequence Repeats) primers developed in cucurbits. In this study, 96 watermelon genotypes with good agronomic characteristics were used among the geno types collected from different regions of Turkey and purified up to the S4-S6 (self-pollination) stage. In the study, 33 SSR primer pairs were used to determine the genetic relationship between watermelon genotypes. In the study, a total of 67 bands were obtained with SSR primers. As a result of UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method Using Arithmetic Averages) analysis, genotypes showed similarity at the level of 0.84-1.00. The number of alleles detected per primer varied between 1 and 6. In terms of the total number of alleles obtained, CMCT44 (5 units) and Cgb4767 (6 units) loci produced the most alleles. Primers with high polymorphism rate and allele excess were determined, and the possibilities for use in genetic stability analyses, variety differentiation and other genetic analyses were determined.
THE EFFECT OF EPIBRASSINOLIDE ON PERMEABILITY OF MEMBRANES AND YIELD OF THE PEA PLANTS (PISUM SATIVUM L.)
Authors:   National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Yakunina A.V. , Sinitsina Yu.V. ,   National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Krutova E.K. ,   Nighny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy
Published: March 2022

Recently, the climate has become increasingly unstable, it leads to an imbalance of natural systems. Temperature anomalies and droughts cause stress in plants. Therefore, the using of growth regulators that increase the resistance of plants to adverse environmental factors has a promising direction. The purpose of the research was to study the influence of the phytohormone epibrassinolide on yield and lipid peroxidation (LPO) of pea plants. Pea plants were grown in the field, one group of plants was treated with phytohormones at the seed stage, the other – at the crop stage. For seed treatment epibrassinolide was used at a concentration of 10-8M, for crop treatment – at a concentration of 10-9 M. Control plants were treated with an appropriate amount of water. The content of diene conjugates Schiff bases and biological yield were measured and the membrane stability index was calculated. Researched phytohormone increased the biological yield of peas both during seed and crop treatment. The treatment of pea seeds with epibrassinolide did not affect the content of LPO products, however for crop treatment epibrassinolide increased the content of Schiff bases. Membrane stability index decreased by 1% during crop treatment. Epibrassinolide can be used to increase the yield of pea plants and pre-sowing seed treatment is more expedient.
Economic and Political Views of Nikolai Kondratiev in 1913–1915 (Based on his Book “The Development of the Economy of Kineshma Zemstvo in Kostroma Province”)
Authors:   Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the RAS, Sukhikh V.V.
Published: March 2022

In 2022, academia will celebrate 130th anniversary of the outstanding Russian economist Nikolai Kondratiev. Despite the great scholarly interest in Kondratiev’s mature work, his early studies are much less known. This paper analyzes Kondratiev’s economic and political views in 1913-1915, at the time of writing and publishing his first book “The Development of the Economy of Kineshma Zemstvo in Kostroma Province: Socio-Economic and Financial Study”. The article discusses Kondratiev’s views on society and economy in the prerevolutionary period. Kondratiev was a proponent of the positivist approach. The researcher, from Kondratiev’s point of view, should see patterns and trends of development behind facts and figures and not individual features of a specific zemstvo. Kondratiev adopted the Marxist approach to the structure of the social order, but denied the inevitable antagonism of classes. Kondratiev considered zemstvos as an example of effective cooperation of different classes as zemstvo leaders belonging to the noble class took care of the needs of the entire population. Thus, it can be argued that in 1913-1915, Kondratiev adhered to moderate socialist views and argued for gradual social reforms over the revolutionary path. Kondratiev’s approach was not dogmatic and he was open to all kinds of ideas and perspectives, regardless of which side their proponents were on. Nevertheless, he denied the role of individuals in history and saw people’s actions as nothing but a reflection of certain circumstances and class interests. The study of Kondratiev’s mature works will make it possible to better understand the evolution of the views of the outstanding economist, can become the basis for a deeper analysis of his classical works, will give an opportunity to take a new look at the development of domestic economic thought in the first third of the XX century.
CULTURE AND LANGUAGE IDENTITY OF OLGA GRUSHIN AS A TRANSLINGUAL WRITER
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, E.S. Lebedeva
Published: March 2022

The article describes the specifics of Olga Grushin’s cultural and linguistic personality. Novels by the Russian Anglophone writer (“The Dream Life of Sukhanov”, 2005; “The Line”, 2010; “Forty Rooms”, 2016) have become a great source of material showing the author’s national and cultural identity. The novels have been analysed to find the features of Grushin’s syntax as well as value dominants representing her culture and language identity
LANGUAGE PERSONALITY IN THE CONTEXT OF INFORMATION WARFARE
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University., Medvedeva N.E.
Published: March 2022

The article discusses the rhetoric and language personality of a political leader whose strategic success under the conditions of information warfare greatly depends on how adequately he interprets political reality to shape people's thoughts and attitudes. The paper investigates the discourse strategies and tactics used by the language personality to form «national political picture of the world».
THE DISCOURSE PORTRAIT OF CHINA’S CHAIRMAN XI JINPING IN THE MIRROR OF THE COLLECTIVE CULTURAL AND LANGUAGE IDENTITY COMPILED BY THE AUTHORS OF THE AMERICAN LEADING POLITICAL JOURNALS
Authors:   Far Eastern Federal University (Vladivostok)., Megrabova E.G. , Lytkina Yu.S. ,   Far Eastern Federal University (Vladivostok).
Published: March 2022

The article dwells on one of the central categories of anthropocentric linguistics – language identity. Specific characteristics of the collective cultural and language identity are considered in the discourse of authors of the American leading political journals who are represented as bearers of national culture values of the American society. The journalistic discourse community analyses the image of China’s Chairman Xi Jinping in the mirror of the basic liberal values: democracy, liberty, individualism, patriotism, progress in the context of the ethno-cultural polarization «the own»–«the alien».
LANGUAGE AND VERBAL BEHAVIOR OF DONALD TRUMP
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Minaeva L.V.
Published: March 2022

The article considers the language and communication strategies of the US President Donald Trump, which prove him to be a conflict-aggressive personality. The research is based on official and unofficial speeches of Donald Trump and his twitters.
INFORMATION-MEDIA PERSONALITY IN THE ACADEMIC PUBLIC LECTURES
Authors:   Moscow City Pedagogical University., Suleimanova O.A. , Chernova V.E. ,   Moscow City Pedagogical University.
Published: March 2022

The paper focuses on the information-media personality, offers its definition, distinguishes and analyzes the subtype relating to the public (media) academic discourse represented by lecturers in the internet lectures. The strategies used by the lecturer to reconstruct his / her public academic personality are related to the personal pronouns used by the speaker to establish relationships with the audience. Special attention is given to “zero” (implicit) pronouns which Russian syntactical structures abound in: such as indefinite-personal, general-personal, etc. sentences. The semantics of such sentences is analyzed and their contribution into the academic speaker’s personality
MUSIC CRITIC AS A PROFESSIONAL CULTURAL AND LINGUISTIC PERSONALITY
Authors:   National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Aleshinskaya E.V.
Published: March 2022

The paper reveals a number of characteristics inherent in a music critic as a professional cultural and linguistic personality. Drawing material from English-language musical reviews, it examines the roles of a music critic as a musicologist and journalist and analyzes methods of musical ekphrasis, i.e. verbalization of music as a type of intersemiotic translation.
REVISITING THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A REGIONAL MODEL FOR REGULATING EMPLOYMENT IN THE THEORETICAL AND ECONOMIC HERITAGE OF DIFFERENT CONCEPTS AND SCHOOLS
Authors:   t Emperor Alexander I ST Petersburg State Transport University, Zvereva E.V. , Shaikina L.K. ,   Far Eastern State Transport University (Khabarovsk).
Published: March 2022

The paper analyzes different concepts for regulating employment. It is important in choosing the optimal provisions of these economic concepts and schools for their practical application at the regional level (the Khabarovsk territory) in the establishment of a model for regulating employment and it has an impact on the positive dynamics of economic growth of production, employment and labor activity
“SAKRAL'NAYA ZHERTVA” AS A SET LANGUAGE UNIT IN THE LEXICO-PHRASEOLOGICAL SPACE “RUSSIANS”
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko Luhansk National University., O.V. Shkuran
Published: March 2022

The modern Russian personality is purposefully and systematically exposed to language attacks in the media space and proves to be in a situation of constant choice and obsessive infantility in determining the means and forms of modern speech. Over the past two decades, the sacred meaning of many linguistic units has been actively transformed, and this causes concern among Russian linguists. The article deals with the winged linguistic unit “sakral'naya zhertva”, the semantic evolution of which originates from pre-Christian times. With the adoption of Christianity, the linguistic unit “victim” acquires a spiritual and educational character. The secularized stage of using the lexeme manifests a contrasting palette of transformations and nominates objects of ritual, political, and economic proceedings in the media space, which radically distinguishes it from its original meaning and negatively affects the consciousness of the Russian cultural and linguistic personality.
Immunological factors of perinatal damage to the nervous system in children born to mothers with impaired carbohydrate metabolism
Authors: Bogomaz D. S.
Published: March 2022

Pregnancy occurring against the background of diabetes mellitus is often complicated by fetoplacental insufficiency, intrauterine hypoxia, which affects, first of all, the nervous system of the fetus. Literature data indicate a close relationship between disorders of the nervous and immune systems. The question of the effect of autoantibodies to insulin and its receptors on the course of pregnancy and the condition of the fetus remains poorly understood. Autoantibodies to nerve tissue proteins (S100, GFCP, OBM, and FRN) also affect the child’s nervous system, which is accompanied by immunological changes (increased activity) of the α1-proteinase inhibitor. Their level can serve as a marker of CNS damage. Deviations in immunological parameters and neurological disorders can persist up to 18 years.
Experience of performing pancreatoduodenal resection in children
Authors: Kulevich B. O. , Razumovsky A. Yu. , Kholostova V. V. , Mitupov Z. B. , Khavkin A. I. , Zadvernyuk A. S. , Chumakova G. Yu. , Gordeeva E. A. , Amanova M. A.
Published: March 2022

Introduction. The article is devoted to the experience of treating children with pancreatic tumors who underwent pancreatoduodenal resection (PDR) at the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Pediatrics, N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University and at the Center for the Treatment of Developmental Anomalies and Diseases of the Hepatopancreatobiliary System in Children on the basis of the N. F. Filatov Children’s City Clinical Hospital. This type of operation was performed in children with tumors of the head of the pancreas, with the spread of fibroinflammatory changes to nearby organs in chronic pancreatitis and with complicated forms of chronic duodenal obstruction. Materials and methods. For the period from 2010 to 2021 9 PDEs were performed in patients aged 1 to 16 years. The results of treatment in this category of patients were assessed as satisfactory. It is noted that the postoperative period has a number of features: prolonged restoration of gastric motility and passage through the gastrointestinal tract (100% of patients), exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis (100% of patients). Against the background of conservative therapy in all children (100% of patients), the symptoms of pancreatitis were stopped in the period from 26 to 41 postoperative days, the evacuation function of the stomach was fully restored within 2-4 weeks after the operation. Discussion and conclusions. Among the postoperative complications, there were: stenosis of biliary and pancreatic-digestive anastomoses (22% and 11% of those studied, respectively), adhesive intestinal obstruction (11% of cases), intra-abdominal bleeding (11% of patients). One patient had a lethal outcome after repeated surgical interventions for pancreatic head limphangioma complicated by intra-abdominal bleeding and biliary peritonitis. The prognosis in this category of patients is favorable - in the follow-up after surgical treatment in all children (100% of patients), the passage through the gastrointestinal tract is not disturbed, the endo- and exocrine function of the pancreas is preserved (100% of patients), there were no indications for prescribing enzyme therapy and insulin preparations …