bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CULTIVATION OF MYCELIUM AND THE STUDY OF THE PHYTOPATHOGENICITY OF CERTAIN XYLOTROPHIC BASIDIOMYCETES UNDER IN VITRO CONDITIONS
Authors: Maramokhin E. V , Sirotina M. V , Zontikov D. N
Published: June 2020

The paper discusses the cultivation of the mycelium of some economically significant xylotrophic basidiomycetes using methods of clonal micropropagation. For cultivation, Chapek, Murashige-Skoog synthetic synthetic media are used, a comparative analysis of mycelium growth in these media is carried out. Particular attention is paid to the study of the phytopathogenic properties of mycelium obtained in vitro. Two variants of phytopathogenicity are being studied: the cultural one, which is associated with the nature and intensity of mycelium growth on a nutrient medium, and phytopathogenicity for anatomical structures during the joint cultivation of xylotrophic basidiomycetes mycelium with parts of shoots from B. pendula and P. tremula . Significant variability was shown both in the expansivity of mycelial growth and in the manifestation of the degree of phytopathogenicity in different types of xylotrophs. Microscopy of the in vitro mycelium obtained was also carried out in order to more accurately identify the organism under study and to study the anatomical and morphological features. In general, this study will make it possible to better understand the ecology of these organisms in vivo, to model the interaction of the host parasite, and to more quickly and accurately conduct a specific determination of the phytopathogen, which can be used when conducting sanitary-protective and other economic activities in the forest industry.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA VIDEO ANIMASI TERHADAP RESPON SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA PADA MATERI OPERASI BILANGAN BULAT
Authors: Sri Hariati Puji Ningsih , Rohanita Lily , Safitri Islamiani
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon siswa dengan menggunakan media video animasi di SMP Swasta Pemda Rantauprapat. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian eksperimen dengan bentuk one-Shot Case Study. Subjek penelitian ini adalah kelas VII C yang berjumlah 31 siswa. Indikator respon siswa yang diteliti adalah siswa mendengarkan penjelasan pembelajaran menggunakan media, siswa aktif dan tanggap dalam pembelajaran, siswa berani bertanya, dan siswa berani menyampaikan pendapat.  Analisis terhadap hasil angket menunjukkan adanya peningkatan respon siswa melalui penggunaan media video animasi dalam pembelajaran matematika. Peningkatan ini dibuktikan dengan hasil rata-rata yang di dapat dari angket yaitu 67,58  (kategori tinggi). Dan dari data hasil observasi di dapatkan data  yaitu 81,25% (Indikator Sangat Baik). Sedangkan hasil dari wawancara mendapat hasil jawaban yang sangat baik.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Numbered Head Together Berbantuan Alat Peraga Papan Sisi Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis Siswa
Authors: Nufus Hayatun
Published: June 2020

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah peningkatan kemampuan komunikasi matematis yang diajarkan dengan pembelajaran kooperatif  tipe Numbered Head Together (NHT) berbantuan alat peraga papan sisi lebih baik daripada  kemampuan komunikasi matematis yang diajarkan melalui model pembelajaran Direct Intruction. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMP N 7 Lhoksukon pada kelas VIII tahun ajaran 2019/2020. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif, jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi eksperiment. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada dua kelas yaitu kelas eksperimen yang mendapatkan pembelajaran dengan model Numbered Head Together (NHT) sedangkan kelas yang kedua adalah kelas kontrol yang mendapatkan pembelajaran langsung. Populasi  dalam penelitian ini seluruh siswa kelas VIII SMP N7 Lhoksukon yang terdiri dari 2 kelas. Instumen pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah tes kemampuan komunikasi matematis.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa dengan model pembelajaran Numbered Head Together (NHT) dengan bantuan alat peraga papan sisi lebih baik dari pembelajaran Direct Instruction pada materi Relasi kelas VIII di SMP N7 Lhoksukon. Hal ini sesuai dengan perolehan nilai Z sebesar -2,039dengan signifikan 0,041. Penelitian ini menggunakan uji satu pihak, nilai sig tersebut dibagi dua menjadi 0,0205 dimana nilai signifikan tersebut < 0,05 dengan demikian hipotesis Ho ditolak. Artinya peningkatan kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran dengan model Numbered Head Together (NHT) berbantuan alat peraga papan sisi lebih baik dari pada siswa yang memperoleh pembalajaran dengan model pembelajaran langsung.
The Best Value Approach in the Netherlands: A Reflection on Past, Present and Future
Authors: Van de Rijt Jeroen , Santema Sicco
Published: June 2020

More than 15 years ago Dean Kashiwagi created a process called BVP/PIPS (Best Value Procurement/Performance Information Procurement System) at Arizona State University. PIPS is a procurement method that aims to select the most suitable vendor for the job, to spur this vendor on to highest performance, and to reduce the client’s management and control tasks (Kashiwagi, 2009b). Kashiwagi developed the method for several years with the objective of improving the procurement and management of construction projects by reducing risk in selecting the top performer. The method (herein BV approach) has a number of steps, each built around a specific "filter”, which focuses on a different element to separate high and low performers. The early phase of the adoption of the process in the Netherlands has been described by Van de Rijt and Witteveen (2011) in the special issue of the Journal for the Advancement of Performance Information and Value. In this paper an update is given and future developments are described. The paper covers the BV approach, a brief history of PIPS in the Netherlands, technology adoption theory, adoption and adaptation of the technology and future developments.
Increasing Performance in the Japanese Construction Industry
Authors: Watanabe Tsunemi , Ozawa Kazumasa , Mori Nozomu , Kinoshita Kenji
Published: June 2020

The performance of the construction industry in Japan has been high due to a lack of emphasis of price. Due to rapid change in the industry environment such as social requirement of fair implementation process of public works; however, there is a deep concern that the performance of the industry is being lowered due to more emphasis on the public works getting the low price contractor. Many efforts are being made to keep its high performance in a more cost competitive environment. A comparison between the essence of public bidding reforms in Japan and principles of the Best Value Approach shows some ideas on the future of the public bidding scheme. The critical areas needing to be addressed are the importance of various levels of feedback loops in social capital management and clarification of the position of supervision for appropriate risk sharing between the public client and the vendor. Additionally, in order for local governments with insufficient engineering resources to be truly accountable, it is worthwhile studying an alternative evaluation method of proposal and performance including non-technical one.
Researches regarding the Applications of Permanent Magnet Motors for Vehicle Propulsion
Authors: Eugen Bolfa Traian
Published: June 2020

In this paper the author presents a laboratory bench used to test Permanent Magnet (PM) motors for vehicle propulsion. The general schemas for the bench, the PM motor types tested, the traction characteristics and some experimental results are evaluated. These techniques are appropriate for teaching students in practical laboratory applications regarding electrical and hybrid vehicles. Students are able to improve their practical skills and also to develop research projects jointly with the teaching staff.
Thinking Outside the Box
Authors: Skyhar Candy
Published: June 2020

Despite the fact that they are all unique, rural school districts/divisions (in Canada and elsewhere) face similar challenges when it comes to providing effective professional development (PD) for teachers. Issues related to funding, geography, staffing, and contextual differences impact the availability of PD opportunities for educators in rural contexts; however, rural school divisions possess many strengths from which solutions to these challenges might be fashioned. The question of how rural divisions might construct local teacher PD models that draw on local strengths, mitigate local challenges, and support teacher professional growth is critical to the provision of quality education for rural students. Through a single-case study design, this study examined the effectiveness of a rural initiative, the Numeracy Cohort, that was locally constructed to mitigate challenges and improve mathematics instruction and student numeracy outcomes in a school division in Manitoba, Canada. Findings from the study suggest that (a) the Numeracy Cohort model was effective in accommodating contextual differences and mitigating challenges related to funding, geography and staffing through several promising practices; (b) the PD provided to teachers was effective in supporting teacher professional growth in several ways; (c) attention to the multiple nested and dynamic contexts in which teachers worked was an important and effective element of the model; (d) fostering social interaction (among teachers and with more competent others) was important for teacher learning; and (e) finding ways to foster human engagement through mediating tools for learning (e.g., dialogue, reflection, and action research) was critical to the model’s success.
The Role of Rural School Leaders in a School-Community Partnership
Authors: Zuckerman Sarah
Published: June 2020

Rural schools play central roles in their communities, and rural education scholars advocate for rural school-community partnerships to support school and community renewal. Across the United States, including in rural areas, formal models for school-community partnerships have been scaled up. The literature on rural principals highlights their roles in developing school-community partnerships, yet questions remain as to how school leaders engage in such partnerships. Using boundary-spanning leadership as a theoretical lens, this descriptive study examines the role of district and school leaders in a regional school-community partnership, including as founding members, champions of collaboration, cheerleaders for the partnership, and amplifiers of often excluded voices.
Leadership in the Early Childhood Years
Authors: Hailey Debra Jo , Fazio-Brunson Michelle
Published: June 2020

Research into young children’s leadership skills is sparse and focuses on leadership in early childhood classroom contexts. Understanding of leadership development in young children can be expanded by studying parents’ perceptions of children’s leadership development as it is enacted in contexts outside of the school. This qualitative study examined beliefs, practices, and contextual relationships of families with young children who were identified by teachers within their schools as having strong leadership skills. Student leaders were identified according to the Leadership subscale of the Scales for Rating the Behavioral Characteristics of Superior Students, 3rd ed. Four mothers and three fathers of identified first graders who met gender and ethnic selection criteria participated. Interviews were conducted with structured and unstructured open-ended questions, and parent journals were collected from participants. Using Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model of human development as a guide, parental perceptions of contextual influences on young children’s leadership development were investigated. Findings indicate that parents were intentional in trying to develop characteristics and dispositions in their children to help them become good citizens but did not necessarily consider their actions as also building early leadership skills. Information concerning contextual situations, relationships, tools, and characteristics of early leadership development is shared. As parents discussed opportunities for their first graders to develop leadership skills, an unexpected theme emerged regarding benefits of rural living for young leadership development.
A dialectological questionnaire for a pilot study on isoglosses in the Turkic “Z” group spoken in the Khakas-Shor-Chulym area
Authors:   Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Dybo Anna , Maltseva Vera ,   Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Nikolaev Sergey ,   Institute of Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Sheimovich Alexandra ,   Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Published: June 2020

This article considers a brief dialectological questionnaire produced for a pilot study of the areal and genetic characteristics of speech varieties belonging to one of the South Siberian groups of the Turkic languages. The paper elucidates the principles for producing the questionnaire, as well as general approaches to compiling a dialectological atlas of the Turkic languages.
MERMER FABRİKALARINDA ÇALIŞANLARIN İŞ SAĞLIĞI VE GÜVENLİĞİ AÇISINDAN ÇALIŞMA KOŞULLARININ BELİRLENMESİ: ÇORUM İL ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: GÜR Berna , SEZİK Yağmur
Published: June 2020

Ülkemizdeki mermer rezervleri ve kalitesi yönünden dünya piyasasında önemli bir yere sahiptir. Çalışmamıza konu olan mermer fabrikaları potansiyel olarak birçok iş kazası ve meslek hastalığını bünyesinde barındıran genellikle küçük ölçekli iş koludur. Mermer fabrikalarında çalışan işçiler ağır çalışma koşullarında görev yapmaktadırlar. Mermer fabrikalarında işçi sayısının genellikle az olması, işverenlerin İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği önlemlerini ekonomik açıdan gereksiz masraf olarak algılanmasına ve buna bağlı olarak iş sağlığı ve güvenliği ile ilgili önlem, tedbir ve uygulamalarını ikinci plana atmasına sebep olmaktadır. Çalışmamızın amacı; Çorum ilinde faaliyet gösteren küçük ölçekli mermer fabrikasında çalışanların iş sağlığı ve güvenliği açısından çalışma koşullarını belirlemekti. Çalışmamızın yöntemini belirlemede; çalışmamıza örneklem oluşturacak mermer fabrikasında çalışan kişi sayısı göz önünde bulunduruldu. Çalışmamızda nitel veri toplama yöntemlerinden biri olan odak grup görüşmesi yapılmıştır. Odak grup çalışmasına ait sorular hazırlanırken, çalışma koşulları, mevcut tehlikeler ve riskler, İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği uygulamaları, İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği eğitimleri, yönetim tarafından alınmayan tedbirler dikkate alınmıştır. Çalışanların sorulara verdikleri cevaplar değerlendirildiğinde çalışma ortamlarında tehlike ve risklere karşı bir tedbir alınmadığı, iş güvenliği ile ilgili denetim ve uygulamalarda eksiklikler olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
EARLY WARNING SIGNALS OF MILITARY COUPS
Authors: Kraus Josef
Published: June 2020

The following paper focuses on the identification of basic early warning signals of military coups. The primary purpose is to use a theoretical framework of coups and create a list of factors that increase the probability of upcoming or ongoing military coups. This list will be applied to a case study of Montenegro, which recently experienced an attempt of overthrowing its government.
Polypores, Agrobacterium and ivy damage on Hungarian ancient trees
Authors: Takács Márton , Szénási Ágnes , Malatinszky Ákos
Published: June 2020

Ancient trees are important habitats, confer vital ecological roles and function as cultural legacies. Old trees with large girth are keystone structures in various ecosystems. We aim to present which species amongst the greatest Hungarian trees (and some other phanerophyte plants) are damaged by polypores (the most important agents of wood decay), Agrobacterium tumefaciens (usually causing root tumour) or ivy (competing against the native vegetation and causing windthrow damage) and at what extent and frequency; and whether there is a relationship between these types of damage and the origin of the species (native or adventive) or its situation (solitary or surrounded by other trees). We measured 2,000 trees, belonging to 29 native and 43 non-native species. Polypore infection could be detected in 12.2% of the observed 531 settlements, 22.8% are damaged by Agrobacterium and 29.6% by ivy, while 51.2% by other types of pests and diseases. Altogether, one third of the observed 2000 ancient or veteran trees suffered from one or more types of damage. A total of 33.5% of the native species (519 specimens out of 1550) and 28.7% of the adventives (129 trees out of 450) are damaged by any (or more than one) of the mentioned infections or ivy. Mostly, damage occurred to those old trees that stand in a park or forest, while the single (solitary) trees were usually healthy. The most infected regions are the western and south-western counties, while the Northern Hungarian Mountain Range is much less affected, despite its great sample size. Low damage was detected in the Great Hungarian Plain, but the number of sample areas and veteran trees was also low here. The damage to old trees remains without any management or healing in Hungary, since the only effective solution would be prevention.
A new species of Dendropsophus (Anura, Hylidae) from southwestern Amazonia with a green bilobate vocal sac
Authors: Ferrão Miquéias , Moravec Jiří , Hanken James , Lima Albertina Pimentel
Published: June 2020

Recent studies have shown that species diversity of the South American frog genusDendropsophusis significantly underestimated, especially in Amazonia. Herein, through integrative taxonomy a new species ofDendropsophusfrom the east bank of the upper Madeira River, Brazil is described. Based on molecular phylogenetic and morphological analyses, the new species is referred to theD. microcephalusspecies group, where it is differentiated from its congeners mainly by having a green bilobate vocal sac and an advertisement call comprising 1–4 monophasic notes emitted with a dominant frequency of 8,979–9,606 Hz. Based on intensive sampling conducted in the study area over the last ten years, the new species is restricted to the east bank of the upper Madeira River, although its geographic range is expected to include Bolivian forests close to the type locality.
Jeux vidéo et principe de réalité
Authors: Virole Benoît
Published: June 2020

Les jeux vidéo invitent à des expériences qui dépassent le cadre du plaisir du jeu. Les enfants et adolescents investissent les jeux vidéo comme des espaces de vie virtuelle qui leur permettent d’avoir un retour réflexif sur leurs propres capacités d’action et de pensée. La délégation de leur intentionnalité à des avatars entraîne une très puissante adhésion à la réalité virtuelle, qui, si elle ne se confond pas avec la réalité effective, n’en est pas moins l’occasion d’une mise au travail d’un principe de réalité médiatisé par une représentation de soi.
« Il ne sait pas jouer tout seul. ». Des ratés de la latence
Authors: Georgelin Mélanie
Published: June 2020

Dans cet article, nous proposons d’explorer les achoppements de la latence par le prisme du jeu comme médiation thérapeutique. Avec Dorian et Shana, 8 ans, le travail thérapeutique s’avère difficile, tant il est grevé par l’impossibilité d’être seul.e et de prendre plaisir à jouer. Ces éléments mettent au jour une architecture familiale complexe, où l’enfant porte la marque du négatif. Dès lors, le transfert s’engage en zone aride, et s’éprouve dans les empiétements et les ruptures du lien. Jeu et latence, jeu et solitude, jeu et narcissisme : comment faire levier à partir de ces dialectiques empêchées pour susciter le désir de travailler et de se rencontrer ?
Jouer avec son corps sonore et en explorer les limites à l’adolescence
Authors: Brault Anthony
Published: June 2020

La musicothérapie analytique de groupe peut être appréhendée comme une voie possible d’intégration de la violence sonore pubertaire, en particulier pour les adolescents dont le pubertaire a provoqué des troubles psychiques graves. Ce dispositif, en actualisant par et dans le sonore l’ébauche d’un travail sur les limites du soi, offrirait aux adolescents un espace dans lequel ils peuvent exprimer et transformer toute la violence pulsionnelle en créativité.
Expérience corporelle et psychomotrice des jeux vidéo avec captation de mouvements
Authors: Bonnotte Laurent
Published: June 2020

Une des grandes particularités des jeux vidéo qui se pratiquent depuis quelques années sur les tablettes, les smartphones ou encore sur les dispositifs de réalité virtuelle, est liée à la captation du mouvement humain. Cela entraîne des changements dans les comportements de jeu, d’un point de vue à la fois sensori-moteur, cognitif et émotionnel. En nous appuyant sur des éléments théoriques et cliniques, nous proposons ici des points de réflexion précis, sous un abord psychomoteur, afin d’envisager ce que cela peut impliquer au niveau du développement de l’enfant. Cette réflexion sera un support pour les professionnels comme pour les parents.
La LOL-thophonie. Ou le rire en séance d’orthophonie
Authors: Tessarech Sarah
Published: June 2020

L’auteure, orthophoniste, fait part de ses observations et ses réflexions concernant le rire, tel qu’il peut apparaître en séance. Que ce soit du côté du patient (enfant, adolescent ou adulte), des parents le cas échéant ou du côté du soignant, ses implications et ses conséquences sur la relation thérapeutique sont variables. L’auteure cherche ici à établir une sorte de typologie de ce phénomène unique qu’est le rire, cela en partant des situations cliniques qu’elle a pu rencontrer.
#AffaireBenalla : déconstruction d’une polémique sur le rôle de la communauté Twitter « russophile » dans le débat politique français
Authors: Gérard Colin , Marotte Guilhem
Published: June 2020

Au mois d’août 2018, la Russie est soupçonnée d’avoir amplifié la controverse provoquée par l’affaire Benalla via l’activité générée par ses médias internationaux RT et Sputnik sur Twitter. Cette polémique, provoquée par la récupération politique et médiatique d’une étude publiée par l’ONG EU DisinfoLab, illustre l’émergence d’un paradigme sur la capacité de la Russie à manipuler l’opinion publique d’États tiers grâce à la stratégie d’influence qu’elle déploie sur les réseaux sociaux depuis le début de la décennie. L’article propose de déconstruire cette polémique grâce à une approche critique de données récoltées sur Twitter.
Souveraineté numérique et autonomie stratégique en Europe : du concept aux réalités géopolitiques
Authors: Danet Didier , Desforges Alix
Published: June 2020

Conceptuellement distinctes mais très étroitement imbriquées les deux notions de souveraineté numérique et d’autonomie stratégique numérique renvoient à la volonté des acteurs politiques et économiques européens de conserver la maîtrise de leur destin dans l’espace numérique. Il s’agit pour les États membres et pour l’Union européenne de se doter d’une capacité autonome d’appréciation, de décision et d’action afin d’exercer leur souveraineté. Cette question suscite un intérêt croissant en Europe et l’article se propose d’en examiner tout à la fois le sens géopolitique et les conditions de réalisation économique et industrielle.
The Pat Hobby Stories : F. Scott Fitzgerald ou « la vocation de l’échec »
Authors: Gay Marie-Agnès
Published: June 2020

Les héros fitzgeraldiens cheminent le plus souvent de la réussite à l’échec, en écho à l’auteur dont la vie personnelle et professionnelle suivit cette trajectoire. Pat Hobby, héros d’un cycle de dix-sept nouvelles écrites par Fitzgerald à Hollywood quelques mois avant sa mort, ne fait pas exception. Cet article lit dans un premier temps les nouvelles à l’aune de ce constat, avant de voir dans ces textes l’expression d’un double échec plus fondamental : échec ontologique à être, et échec littéraire à dire.
Chris Kraus’ Auto-Fictional Strategies of Failure
Authors: Rigaud Antonia
Published: June 2020

La production écrite de Chris Kraus, notamment son ouvrage de 1997 désormais devenu culte I Love Dick , est marqué par une fascination pour la figure de l’artiste ratée. Cet article interroge les modalités d’écriture mises en place pour témoigner de cette fascination qui s’écrit sur un mode mineur, le journal, tout en s’insérant dans une tradition intellectuelle et artistique de la marge. L’artiste se pense en termes de rivalité avec ses propres ambitions tout autant qu’avec les institutions artistiques qu’elle tente d’intégrer. En célébrant la figure de l’artiste ratée, Chris Kraus revient sur la tradition de la culture de la subversion pour penser l’échec comme une position éthique radicale.
Failing Private Till: John Edgar Wideman’s Writing to Save a Life: The Louis Till File
Authors: Valadié Flora
Published: June 2020

Écrire pour sauver une vie : le dossier Louis Till constitue pour John Edgar Wideman l’ultime tentative de regarder une photo qui le hante depuis des décennies : celle du cadavre d’Emmett Till, jeune garçon noir de Chicago qui fut lynché dans le Mississippi en 1955 pour avoir osé aborder une femme blanche. Wideman plonge dans l’archive du père d’Emmett, Louis, qui fut soldat en Italie pendant la deuxième guerre mondiale et fut condamné à mort par une justice militaire expéditive l’accusant de viol et de meurtre. Les tortionnaires d’Emmett furent acquittés, justifiés par les minutes du procès du père, versées au dossier du fils pour accabler ce dernier. Wideman rouvre le cas Louis Till et se penche sur ses probables mensonges, dans une enquête historique, fictive, et autobiographique. Pourtant l’écrivain reconduit, tout au long de ce mémoire, le constat de l’échec de ses mots à saisir cette vie fantôme et ces spectres raciaux de l’Amérique, de sorte que l’échec de la représentation met finalement en déroute toute ambition d’enquête historique ou de restitution, révélant la faille éthique et méthodologique de l’enquête officielle sur le cas Louis Till. L’échec y est politique en cela qu’il décèle la nature téléologique, et par conséquent fictive et idéologique, de l’enquête. Pourtant, cet échec du récit à produire un contre-récit est la trame même de cette vie et de cette Histoire que le texte figure, poétiquement.
Stéréotypes de genre et construction visuelle de l’artiste au XIX e siècle
Authors: Delille Damien
Published: June 2020

Les théories féministes appliquées aux études visuelles ont permis d’interroger le rôle des stéréotypes de genre, conçus comme catégorie de visualisation et de contrôle du corps des femmes à l’heure de la reproductibilité technique. C’est en suivant son évolution tout au long du xix e  siècle, à travers la caricature et l’illustration de presse, qu’il s’agit d’interpréter l’assignation des femmes aux activités domestiques, la misogynie subie par celles qui s’en écartent, et la création de types et de contretypes dans les espaces de l’art. Face à la normalisation des comportements et des affects, les stéréotypes du peintre de bohème, de la femme artiste bas-bleu et de l’esthète homosexuel représentent autant de figures artistiques repoussantes et fascinantes à interroger. L’espace de vision devient un champ somatique de stigmatisation et de contestation politique des normes, qui façonne en retour les regards portés par la modernité.
Pour une archéologie du concept de « médium » à l’âge du romantisme. Turner, Hazlitt, Ruskin, Goethe
Authors: Somaini Antonio
Published: June 2020

Dans un texte intitulé « On Imitation » (1817), le critique anglais William Hazlitt écrit que les tableaux de Turner « ne représentent pas tant les objets de la nature que le médium à travers lequel ils sont vus ». Cette citation devient le point de départ pour analyser la présence, dans le contexte du romantisme anglais et allemand, d’une des lignes généalogiques qui traversent l’histoire du concept de « médium » : une signification selon laquelle le médium n’est ni un intermédiaire entre le monde des vivants et celui des morts, ni un ensemble de supports et de techniques définissant la spécificité d’une création artistique, ni un « prolongement de l’homme » (McLuhan), ni même une série de techniques et d’opérations capables de stocker ou transmettre des informations (Kittler). Le médium est ici, plutôt, l’environnement, le milieu ou l’ Umwelt dans lequel se déroule l’expérience sensorielle : une idée qui puise ses racines dans les concepts aristotéliciens de diaphanes et métaxu et dont on peut suivre la présence jusqu’à une théorie contemporaine des médias.
La cathédrale Notre-Dame de Paris, vaisseau magnifiquement spirituel de la concordia
Authors: Greiner Philippe
Published: June 2020

Un regard canonique amène à observer que, par son architecture puissante et inspiratrice, la liturgie, la prédication, la musique et l’accueil, la cathédrale Notre-Dame de Paris participe, depuis la période médiévale, de façon magnifiquement concordante à l’expression des fonctions d’enseignement, de sanctification et de gouvernement, les tria munera . Si, dans l’histoire, des autorités séculières, animées d’intentions politiques, ont cherché à instrumentaliser la cathédrale, Notre-Dame n’en est pas moins et avant tout ce lieu sacré qui, dans les temps d’épreuve, vient au service d’une concorde nationale.
Notre-Dame, mère de notre patrimoine commun
Authors: Personnaz Charles , Tardivel Émilie
Published: June 2020

Notre-Dame de Paris occupe une place particulière dans le patrimoine français, car elle est à la fois un élément fondamental de ce patrimoine et le monument à partir duquel la notion de monument historique s’est forgée. La cathédrale se situe au point de convergence de multiples dimensions historiques, artistiques, techniques, hospitalières, liturgiques, spirituelles. Toutes ces dimensions doivent être prises en compte dans le projet de restauration, en y incluant l’environnement de l’édifice et notamment l’Hôtel-Dieu. L’incendie du 15 avril 2019 devrait être le point de départ d’une nouvelle réflexion sur le rôle de l’État dans la préservation du patrimoine commun.
Réfléchir sur une Église « en transformations ». Un état des lieux en ecclésiologie
Authors: Chiron Jean-François
Published: June 2020

Présenter un « état des lieux » d’une Église « en transformations » oblige à partir du contexte actuel, aussi bien social qu’ecclésial. On doit notamment prendre en compte les options réformatrices de l’actuel pontificat et les enjeux ecclésiologiques qu’ils impliquent. C’est à ces conditions qu’il sera possible de considérer les questions de fond : synodalité, ministères, rôle des femmes… La qualification de l’Église comme « sacrement du Royaume » est proposée, comme la plus apte à dire quelque chose de la « raison d’être » de l’Église in mundo huius temporis .
The Ivory Saltcellars: A contribution to the history of Islamic expansion in Greater Senegambia during the 16th and 17th centuries
Authors: Mota Thiago H.
Published: June 2020

This article aims to discuss Islamic expansion in West Africa during the 16th and 17th centuries along with carved ivory production. The analysis concerns the Greater Senegambia, a region comprised of the Senegal River basin in the north, the Futa Jalon plateau in the east, and northern Sierra Leone in the south. The study is based on European written sources, African oral traditions, and African carved ivories owned by the Ethnologisches Museum in Berlin, Germany. Its main hypothesis is that the 16th and 17th centuries comprised the moment of Islamic social expansion, before Islam turned into a major political force in Senegambia during the 18th and 19th centuries. Therefore, this paper’s goal is to present a conjoint understanding of the ivory pieces and early Islamic expansion, by focusing on the images carved in ivory saltcellars that are associated with Western African Islamic written culture.
Negative spaces of Mumuye figure sculpture—style and ethnicity
Authors: Fardon Richard
Published: June 2020

Revisiting the attribution of figures to Mumuye, provides us with an opportunity to think about the effects of ethnic labelling on our appreciation of ‘precontemporary African art’. By virtue of not being typical, extreme cases throw more general issues into sharp relief. The mismatch between the renown and the documentation of precontemporary Mumuye art has few parallels. Mumuye figures are celebrated as icons of African sculpture by the institutions and personnel of what we have grown accustomed to call the ‘artworld’, one that encompasses museums, galleries and auction houses; publications on Mumuye ethnography, language and history in what, for convenience, we can contrast as the ‘ethnoworld’ continue to draw upon research undertaken a half century ago or earlier. Artworld and ethnoworld discourses have diverged, even about fundamental questions of identity. What is the relationship, for instance, between the ethnoworld’s understanding of Mumuye ethnicity and the artworld’s use of the ethnic adjectice in ‘Mumuye style’? A handful of Mumuye objects were collected before the Nigerian Civil war (1967–1970) during which most of those the artworld would consider ‘authentic’ left the country. This emptying of the local reservoirs has created a negative space that invites efforts at repair, not least because, like other markets, the art market abhors a vacuum. Understanding the histories of precontemporary Mumuye artworks requires careful methodology and a realistic acceptance of the likely limits of knowledge. Scholarly attention continues to find value in existing documentation, though with necessarily diminishing returns. Interesting insights have also been derived from parts of the overall assemblage of artworks attributed to the Mumuye. If the artworld took lead responsibility for a catalogue raisonné that reassembled the decade-long outflow from the late 1960s this would enable a more systematic approach to what are currently piecemeal attempts to map formal resemblances in artworks.
Trends and Issues in International Planning for Businesses
Authors: Agwu Edwin
Published: June 2020

Revolutionary changes in technological advancements have culminated in a hyper integration as well as stiff competitions in various facets of human endeavours. Technology has amalgamated a wide, disconnected, and diverse world with a massive land mass and water into a mere village. The space created is now bigger than the lands, seas, and oceans put together – it is called the cyber space. Trade, a hitherto localized form of exchange of goods and services, and a source of livelihood for human existence, has also metamorphosed into high levels of stiff competitions which have driven business managers to look beyond their domestic local markets for new opportunities even beyond their shores. Communities, on which trade and technologies thrive, have also had their own share of changes in all facets brought about by technological changes. Ages-long cultural practices are now giving way to changes never experienced before. While some cultures have incorporated these changes, others have been swallowed up and therefore gone into extinction.
Disintermediation
Authors: Reiss Biance , Ashaye Olusoyi Richard
Published: June 2020

This chapter will review the relevant literature in the area of disintermediation with focus on e-commerce. It begins with a general introduction about the origins of the term disintermediation and the traditional role of intermediaries. This is followed by an examination and assessment of the influencing factors on the disintermediation decision of a company as well as particular elaborations of the impacts of disintermediation on manufacturers and end-consumers.
Cross-Cultural Management Within the Hospitality Industry
Authors: Savic Dalvony Duraes Alkmim , Dariescu Mihaela
Published: June 2020

The constant growing interdependence of national economies has demanded hospitality managers to acquire skills to work with individuals from different backgrounds. Experiencing cultural diversity is one of the most determinant reasons for individuals to travel internationally; thus, for an organisation to operate successfully across the world, it must acknowledge the importance of differences in culture and that multicultural teams often generate frustrating management dilemmas. Hence, the objectives of this chapter are to define and discuss culture and cross-culture management and review the importance of effective cross communication in the hospitality industry.
Party drug to mainstream medicine; the transition of ketamine
Authors: Ravindran N. , Ravindran A.
Published: June 2020

A significant proportion of patients with major depressive disorder are refractory to approved interventions. The first report of significant and rapid benefit of intravenous (IV) ketamine for treatment resistant depression (TRD) appeared in 2000. Since then, there have been multiple reports on the efficacy and tolerability of ketamine formulations for TRD, in particular for single-dose IV administration, which is supported by meta-analyses. The benefit for oral and other non-IV forms remains preliminary. There is preliminary evidence that ketamine has anti-suicidal properties. The adverse effects of ketamine are often mild, brief, and not clinically significant, and include dissociation, sedation, and changes in blood pressure and heart rate. Recently, the S-enantiomer esketamine has been developed, evaluated, and approved for use in North America as adjunct to antidepressants for TRD. Intranasal esketamine has ease of use but the IV form has the advantage of cost. Both are equally effective and tolerable with few drug interactions, and are indicated for adult patients with TRD. Informed consent, medical assessment, supervised setting and monitoring by trained personnel are mandatory. The increased risk of misuse, diversion, and addiction has been recognized with the need for education, responsible practice, and ongoing research.
Colorectal cancer mortality in Mato Grosso, Brazil: Spatiotemporal trends
Authors: Alves Christiane Maria Meurer , Souza Vitor Gabriel Barra , Bastos Ronaldo Rocha
Published: June 2020

Mortality due to colorectal cancer is increasing in Brazil, but an organised approach to screening and prevention is lacking. Considering the importance of this disease, the present study examines recent mortality trends of colorectal cancer mortality in the meso- and microregions in the state of Mato Grosso with the objective of analysing spatiotemporal trends to help guide the allocation of health services related to this type of cancer. Mortality data from the Brazilian national public health system from 1996 to 2015 were analysed investigating spatiotemporal trends using Conditional Autoregressive (CAR) models, a class of Bayesian hierarchical models that rely on Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulations. Convergence issues arose with several types of CAR models, but notably not with the linear variant, which models the mortality within each spatial region as a linear function of time. Men and women of all ages displayed higher and increasing mortality rates in the Cuiabá and Rondonópolis microregions. Additional regions of increasing mortality were found for specific age and gender strata. It was concluded that spatiotemporal modelling is a useful tool for the characterisation of diseases, including cancer, which are influenced by several factors and need to be monitored over space and time. The combination of spatial and temporal analyses of mortality shown in this paper unveils important information regarding the small areas dynamics, which may guide discussions, regulation and application of decentralised public health policies.
Implementation of geographical information systems for the study of diseases caused by vector-borne arboviruses in Southeast Asia: A review based on the publication record
Authors: Diptyanusa Ajib , Lazuardi Lutfan , Jatmiko Retnadi Heru
Published: June 2020

The spread of mosquito-borne diseases in Southeast Asia has dramatically increased in the latest decades. These infections include dengue, chikungunya and Japanese Encephalitis (JE), high-burden viruses sharing overlapping disease manifestation and vector distribution. The use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to monitor the dynamics of disease and vector distribution can assist in disease epidemic prediction and public health interventions, particularly in Southeast Asia where sustained high temperatures drive the epidemic spread of these mosquito-borne viruses. Due to lack of accurate data, the spatial and temporal dynamics of these mosquito-borne viral disease transmission countries are poorly understood, which has limited disease control effort. By following studies carried out on these three viruses across the region in a specific time period revealing general patterns of research activities and characteristics, this review finds the need to improve decision-support by disease mapping and management. The results presented, based on a publication search with respect to diseases due to arboviruses, specifically dengue, chikungunya and Japanese encephalitis, should improve opportunities for future studies on the implementation of GIS in the control of mosquito-borne viral diseases in Southeast Asia.
Method of pump, pipe, and tank selection for aeroponic nutrient management systems based on crop requirements
Authors: Chowdhury Milon , Kabir Md. Shaha Nur , Kim Hyeon-Tae , Chung Sun-Ok
Published: June 2020

The system-specific selection of aeroponic nutrient system components, specifically pumps, pipes, and tanks, is very important to improve system efficiency and minimize costs, as these components vary for different systems with different crop water requirements and design specifications. In this study, methods were suggested for determining the most suitable sizes of pumps, pipes, and tanks based on the plant water consumption and irrigation interval targeted to improve the usual procedures to design an aeroponic nutrient management system, and applied to a case. Factors affecting the size calculation are discussed, and calculation methods were suggested based on basic hydraulic principles. A recycle-type aeroponic nutrient management system, cultivating 500 plants in 21 plant beds, was considered for a case study. Application of the size calculation methods in the case study showed that an irrigation pump with a 37 Lmin–1 flow rate at 900 kPa capacity and nutrient pumps with a 5 Lmin–1 flow rate at 40 kPa capacity with 19-mmdiameter pipes were required to deliver the mixed nutrients and supply stock solutions into the mixing tank, along with nutrient mixing, stock nutrients, and distilled water tanks of 750, 40, and 685 L, respectively. Calculation was demonstrated to show the variations in the sizing of the pumps, pipes, and tanks by number of plants. Validation tests were performed for the selected irrigation pump capacity, and the results showed that the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE), coefficient of determination (R2), and root-mean-square error (RMSE) values were 0.410, 0.98, 0.109 Lmin–1 and 0.775, 0.99, 34.91 kPa for flow rate and pressure, respectively. The case study also showed that these sizing procedures increased the plant bed coverage efficiency of the irrigation pump by 33%, while increasing the nutrient mixing tank size by 133%. This study would provide useful information on the efficient sizing of pumps, pipes, and tanks for minimizing costs and maximizing crop production in aeroponic nutrient management systems.
Tractive performance of Trelleborg PneuTrac tyres
Authors: Mattetti Michele , Varani Massimiliano , Maraldi Mirko , Paolini Francesco , Fiorati Stefano , Molari Giovanni
Published: June 2020

In the last decades, heavier and more powerful tractors were introduced to the market and they require bigger tyres in order to exert higher traction forces but also to limit soil compaction. Therefore, different solutions were proposed by manufacturers to increase the footprints of traction elements, so that a higher drawbar pull is allowed especially in cohesive soils. However, these solutions have provided a limited increase in the traction efficiency. Recently, Trelleborg have developed a tyre named PneuTrac. The main feature of this tyre lies in the fact that the carcass is radially flexible like a standard radial tyre, but still able to support cornering loads like tracks. This allows the tyre to run with a very low inflating pressure. The aim of this paper was to compare the tractive performance of a set PneuTrac with that of an equivalent set of standard radial tyres. Both types of tyre were mounted on the same tractor, equipped with a CAN-Bus data logger, a load cell and a GPS receiver to measure the drawbar pull and other vehicle operating parameters. Drawbar tests were carried out in three different soil conditions. Results show that PneuTrac performance was slightly less affected by soil conditions than in the case of traditional radial tyres. Overall, PneuTrac tyres permit to increase the drawbar pull up to 5.7% and to reduce slip. PneuTrac tyres also provided a 7.7% increase in the power delivery efficiency with respect to traditional radial tyres.
The Confidence and Abilities to Assess a Simulated Patient Using Telemedicine
Authors: Winkelmann Zachary , Eberman Lindsey E.
Published: June 2020

Context

Telemedicine is the practice of providing diagnostic consultations and therapeutic interventions to patients at a distance using some form of technology. Typically, health care students do not have the opportunity to practice telemedicine.

Objective

To investigate athletic training students' ability to transfer telemedicine skills confidently and accurately in a standardized patient (SP) encounter.

Design

Single cohort.

Setting

Simulation center.

Patients or Other Participants

Fifty-five second-year athletic training students (age = 25 ± 3 years) from 6 professional master's athletic training programs volunteered for the study after a 1-week online learning experience about telemedicine.

Intervention(s)

We scheduled individual SP encounters that were completed at a distance using telepresence robots.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Pre– and post–SP encounter validated confidence assessment and a 50-item content checklist (yes or no) scored by one evaluator.

Results

During the SP encounter, 87.3% of participants correctly diagnosed the SP actor with a lateral ankle sprain. We identified a significant improvement in confidence (P ≤ .001) for using telemedicine technology. On the content checklist, participants scored poorly in the constructs of data gathering (mean = 7.44 ± 2.36 of 15, 49.58% ± 15.75%) and telemedicine (mean = 6.02 ± 2.74 of 14, 42.99% ± 19.56%), but scored well in the constructs of communication/interpersonal skills (mean = 12.05 ± 2.00 of 15, 80.36% ± 13.36%) and patient education (mean = 4.64 ± 1.06 of 6, 77.27% ± 17.67%). The mean sum score of all constructs on the SP encounter was moderate (30.15 ± 5.79 of 50, 60.29% ± 11.59%).

Conclusions

Exposure to telemedicine via an SP encounter improved confidence in performing the tech-based evaluation. Athletic training students performed well in demonstrating communication/interpersonal skills and patient education, yet struggled in their data gathering and telemedicine skills. Overall, participants accurately diagnosed a musculoskeletal condition using telemedicine.