bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Natural Attractions Located on the Transcarpathian region Nature Reserve Fund Territory: Problems and Prospects for Ecotourism
Authors: Dubis Lidiia , Habchak Nataliia
Published: May 2020

This research highlights the main natural attractions of the nature reserve fund of the Transcarpathian region: the Synevir, Uzhansky and Zacharovanyi Kray national natural parks, the Prytysiansky and Synyak regional landscape parks, and the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve. These include, in particular, mountain ridges and peaks, fragments of river valleys, outcrops of rocks and rocky recrements, traces of the glacier (kars, glacier clay), mountain lakes, high moors, numerous springs (including mineral waters), waterfalls (cascading and single-stage), typical and rare species of flora and fauna, as well as valuable forest, subalpine, meadow, flood, etc. ecosystems. Every researched natural reserve territory has its own composition of natural attractions because of location in different natural regions in Ukrainian Carpathians: national natural park "Synevir" demonstrates massif Gorgany in Vododilno-Verhovynski Carpathians; Uzhansky national natural park is fragments of Vododilny middle-mountains highland massif (Vododilno-Verhovynski Carpathians) and Polonynsky massif of Polonynsko-Chornogirski Carpathians; national natural park "Zacharovanyi Kray" is central part of Vygorlat-Gutynsky volcanic strand of Ukrainian Carpathians; regional landscape park "Synyak" – part of mountainstrand of Vygorlat-Gutynsky volcanic strand; regional landscape park "Prytysyansky" – the most valuable natural territories of Prytysyansky alluvial lowland plain (part of Chop-Mukachivska plain). The Carpathian Biosphere Reserve is unique beyond others – it includes six separate massifes (Chornogirsky, Svydovecky, Marmarosky, Kuziysky, Ugolsko-Shyrokoluzansky, Valley of daffodils) and two national botanical reserves ("Chorna Gora" and "Julivska Gora"), which are located on heights from 180 to 2061 m above sea level in west, central and east parts of Ukrainian Carpathians. The most famous of these natural attractions are ecotourist paths and routes operating on the protected nature reserves, near recreational facilities and recreational areas. The biggest problem is the considerable (sometimes excessive) tourist load on these objects, insufficient control over tourist flows, intensive development of tourist infrastructure close to natural attractions and insufficient information and education provision. Some fo the ways to solve these problems are strengthening control over the tourist movement; introducing new types of ecotourism aimed at reducing the simultaneous tourist load on objects and, at the same time, increasing the number of visitors; improving informational and educational support; monitoring of the quality (compliance with environmental standards) of the tourist infrastructure.
A Study on The Utilization of Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomea batatas L) for Ice Cream as Antioxidants
Authors: Sudjatinah Sudjatinah - , Wibowo Cornelius Hari , Putri Aldila Sagitaning
Published: May 2020

The purposes of this study were to determine overrun, water content, anthocyanin and antioxidant content, and to find out the best formulations. The design used was completely randomized design (CRD) with a unidirectional pattern consisting of 5 treatments with 4 replications, while the treatment factor was the disticntion between ratio of sweet potato mash and water, as follows: P1: 50%: 50%; P2`: 60%: 40%; P3: (70%: 30%); P4: (80%:20%); P5: 90%: 10%. The observed variables were the content of water, overrun, anthocyanin and antioxidant activity. The results showed that the treatment had a significant effect (P <0.05) on the average water content, overrun and anthocyanin activity. The treatment did not have a significant effect (P> 0.05) on the average antioxidant activity. In conclusion : the ratio of purple sweet potato mash had a significant effect (P <0.05) on water content, overrun and anthocyanin, but it did not influence significantly (P> 0.05) on the antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the best ratio of water and purple sweet potato mash is 2:8 to produce a standard water content and overrun, anthocyanin levels and high antioxidant activity.
The Effect of Garam Masala Levels Addition on Chocolate Based Functional Beverage
Authors: Hardiyanti Ratih , Sari Anjar Ruspita
Published: May 2020

The increasing popularity of cocoa-based beverage has encouraged the development of various chocolate beverage formulations. Chocolate beverage formulations with addition of garam masala were carried out to produce functional beverage products which are beneficial to consumers and the product itself. Five different concentration of garam masala (0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, and 0.05%) were added into chocolate beverage. Preference test was carried out to evaluate panelists’ preference to each formula. Sensory evaluation was performed by giving an assessment using 7-scaled Likert scale for color, aroma, taste, warm sensation (after taste), and overall product. The results showed that the concentration of garam masala addition has an effect (p≤0.10) on the attributes of aroma, warm sensation, and overall product. The most preferred chocolate beverage was with the addition of 0.03% garam masala. Higher concentration of garam masala in chocolate based beverage resulted a higher antioxidant activity as well as phenolic content, as antioxidant component.
Rapid Geodetic Observations of Spatiotemporally Varying Postseismic Deformation Following the Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence: The U.S. Geological Survey Response
Authors: Brooks Benjamin A. , Murray Jessica , Svarc Jerry , Phillips Eleyne , Turner Ryan , Murray Mark , Ericksen Todd , Wang Kang , Minson Sarah , Burgmann Roland , Pollitz Fred , Hudnut Ken , Nevitt Johanna , Roeloffs Evelyn , Hernandez Janis , Olson Brian
Published: May 2020

The U.S. Geological Survey’s geodetic response to the 4–5 July 2019 (Pacific time) Ridgecrest earthquake sequence comprised primarily the installation and/or reoccupation of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) monumentation. Our response focused primarily on the United States’ Navy’s China Lake Naval Air Weapons Station base (NAWSCL). This focus was because much of the surface rupture occurred on the NAWSCL and because of NAWSCL access restrictions only permitting Federal and State of California personnel. In total, we measured or are still measuring at 24 sites, 14 of which were on the NAWSCL and, as of this writing, operational. The majority of sites were set up as continuous stations logging at either 1 sample per second or 1 sample per 15 s. Two stations were recording a 200 m cross-rupture aperture starting ∼10  hr after the M 6.4 event, and they recorded the coseismic displacements of the M 7.1. Approximately, 1 hr after the M 7.1 event, two new stations were recording a ∼200  m cross-rupture aperture of the surface rupture. In the days following, we established the rest of the stations ranging to a distance of ∼15  km from the M 7.1 principal rupture trace. The lack of differential displacement across the M 6.4 rupture during the M 7.1 event suggests that it did not reactivate the M 6.4 plane. The lack of differential cross-fault displacement for both events suggests that rapid shallow afterslip did not occur at those two locations. The postseismic time series from these stations shows centimeters of horizontal displacement over periods of a few months. They record a mixture of fault-parallel and fault-normal displacements that, in conjunction with analysis of more spatially complete Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar displacement fields, suggest that both poroelastic and afterslip phenomena occur along the M 6.4 and 7.1 rupture planes. Using preliminary data from these and other regional stations, we also explore the Ridgecrest sequence’s effect on regional GNSS time series and the differentiation of long-term postseismic motions and secular deformation rates. We find that redefining a common-mode noise filter using different GNSS stations that are assumed to be unaffected by the earthquakes results in small but systematic differences in the regional velocity field estimate.
Insights into Preinstrumental Earthquake Data and Catalogs in Europe
Authors: Rovida Andrea N. , Albini Paola , Locati Mario , Antonucci Andrea
Published: May 2020

In current catalogs, the parameters of preinstrumental earthquakes represent the final synthesis of earthquake records of very different type, quality, and reliability. Parameters may be derived from actual and contemporary observations of earthquake effects interpreted as intensity distributions or may be supplied by later seismological studies and descriptive catalogs, consisting of the reinterpretation of already interpreted accounts. The content of earthquake catalogs results from piling data of different origin, interpreted according to diverse approaches. Consequently, the homogeneity and reliability of earthquake parameters strongly vary from one region or period to another, and it is not as straightforward as assumed by end users. The analysis of the wealth of data in the European Archive of Historical Earthquake Data (AHEAD) evidences many differences in their typology and update of the studies supporting European preinstrumental earthquake catalogs, for both moderate and large earthquakes, over a period of 1000 yr.
Институционализация этничности в политике идентичности российских республик:
концептуальный анализ
Authors: Назукина Мария
Published: May 2020

В статье рассматриваются теоретико-методологические аспекты проявления этничности и ее институционализации в региональной политике идентичности российских республик. Анализ подразумевает рассмотрение основополагающих аспектов включения этнического в политический курс, выделение индикаторов (маркеров) выраженности этничности в политике идентичности. Политика идентичности рассматривается в привязке к действиям государственных институтов как ключевым акторам политики идентичности, которые носят систематический и целенаправленный характер. Показано, что политика государства институционализирует этнические категории, которые помогают создавать или укреплять чувство “мы – они” и субъективные оценки в отношении этих категорий. На основе социально-конструктивистской методологии определено, что идентификация и институционализация являются связанными процессами, которые протекают одновременно и взаимно усиливают друг друга. Автор подчеркивает, что суть институционализации этничности в политике идентичности проявляется в укоренении этнических категорий в политическом процессе республик и выполнении ими роли поддержания, изменения региональных институциональных порядков. В соответствии с данным положением предлагается аналитическая модель, предполагающая выделение трех уровней процесса институционализации этничности в политике идентичности: нормативного, нарративно-мифологического и символического. Показано, что нормативный уровень связан с укоренением этнических категорий в политических институтах региона, что проявляется в нормативном закреплении этнического дискурса. Значимыми направлениями институционализации на данном уровне являются проявление этничности в нормативных документах, в распределении властных позиций, а также языковая политика, выражающая этнические преференции и др. Нарративно-мифологический уровень направлен на определение значимости этнических маркеров в дискурсе региональной исторической памяти и мифотворчестве. Символический уровень определяется как инкорпорирование этничности в символические атрибуты региона. При переходе к операционализации приводится обоснование использования набора индикаторов на каждом из уровней институционализации этничности, которые могут послужить основой для проведения эмпирических исследований и выделения характерных особенностей и закономерностей институционализации этничности в политике идентичности российских республик.
Еще раз о ценностях и “Капитале”
Authors: Гуторов Владимир
Published: May 2020

В работе представлены результаты критического анализа статьи Г.Л. Тульчинского “Политический контекст наррации с Wert-терминологией К. Маркса: стоимость vs ценность” (Полис. Политические исследования. 2019. № 3). В ней весьма наглядно обнаруживается ряд характерных тенденций, возникших в отечественной политической науке на посткоммунистической стадии ее развития. Ключевой момент аргументации автора состоит в радикальном противопоставлении ценностной и стоимостной традиций анализа текста “Капитала” и экономической теории К. Маркса. Напротив, многие современные труды, посвященные экономике знания и интеллектуальному капиталу, свидетельствуют о тенденции к творческому, лишенному налета академического догматизма взаимодействию и взаимообогащению обеих аналитических парадигм. В этом плане, на наш взгляд, идеологизированная трактовка Тульчинским проблемы ценностей в марксизме на данный момент вряд ли способна преодолеть традиционные политэкономические и этические ее интерпретации, образцы которых приводятся в настоящей статье.
Data Storage Energy Efficiency in the Zettabyte Era
Authors: Hormann Peter , Campbell Leith
Published: May 2020

Data storage has become an increasingly significant issue with the widespread availability of cheap storage technology and the development of global data centres for cloud storage. This paper reports a study of energy consumption for data storage in data centres. Unlike previous estimates, which have been extrapolations of broad energy usage within the data centre, we take a bottom-up approach. Firstly, we describe the technologies that can be used for data storage. Then we build up a model of energy consumption in data centres based on tiers of data storage. Based on published forecasts of data storage growth and assumptions about improving energy efficiency in technology and data centres, we then estimate the energy consumption for data storage in data centres in 2020. We show that energy consumption will rise substantially if a “business as usual” approach is adopted. We further show that the growth in energy consumption can be mitigated somewhat by adopting a more aggressive policy of data archiving on long-term, low-energy, “cold” storage; or more ideally purging data of little or no future value. This, however, would require a change in the popular assumption that data will be available readily online and forever.
How the Internet of Things Changes Everything
Authors: Carruthers Kate
Published: May 2020

In many ways the Internet of Things will change everything, as devices and software mesh and become part of the connected fabric of the Internet. This article explores the context and potential offered by the growth of the Internet of Things (IoT). It provides an overview of this next phase of the digital revolution that is underpinned by the growth of the social web, web 2.0, and the convergence of technologies such as mobile and ubiquitous broadband. This article also attempts to provide some insight into the potential value of the Internet of Things market in the future. The opportunities offered by the Internet of Things also raise serious questions about privacy and security in a connected world. As Umair Haque noted recently: “At some point, we should all question the value of an internet that objectifies you, tracks you, and polices you...without your consent.” (Haque 2014)
Project-Based Management Technique for Radiofrequency Spectrum Planning and Allocation
Authors: J Kerans Andrew
Published: May 2020

Spectrum Management is the regulatory action of defining the use of the radiofrequency spectrum. Often this requires the clearance of a large number of incumbent systems to make way for new technologies such as Fourth Generation Mobile Broadband (4G). While great economic benefits may be derived from the new technologies the clearance of any band will come at a cost. It is important both costs and benefits be quantified and compared. In many Administrations, including Australia, these processes are carried out without a defined project management structure. In a series of two papers the Authors combine over 40 years of radio systems and planning experience to suggest a methodology for project-based management of spectrum planning activities. This paper provides an outline of a recommended project management plan structure and references that may be useful to spectrum planners throughout ITU- Region 3; the Asia-Pacific.
The Victorian Time Signal Service
Authors: Moorhead Simon
Published: May 2020

A 1945 technical paper from the Telecommunications Journal of Australia is revisited that describes the timing and signalling equipment used at the Melbourne Observatory between 1853 and 1945. The equipment was used to provide the Victorian Time Signal Service for over ninety years.
Study of pattern and management strategies of solid visceral injuries in blunt trauma abdomen in tertiary care centre
Authors: Verma Surender , Noori M. Taquedis , Garg Pradeep , Yadav Anuj , Sirohi Vivek , Garg Neha
Published: May 2020

Background: Blunt trauma abdomen is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among all age groups. In spite of the best techniques and advances in diagnostic and supportive care, the morbidity and mortality still remain large. The aim was to evaluate pattern and management strategies of solid visceral injuries in blunt trauma abdomen patients.Methods: This was a prospective study on 100 consecutive patients admitted in Department of General Surgery at a tertiary care center with an antecedent history of blunt abdominal injury. All patients proven to have penetrating injury and hollow viscus injury were excluded. The pattern of injury, presentation and parameters associated with management strategies were evaluated.Results: In the present study, solid viscera injury in blunt trauma abdomen is more common in age group 21-30 years (43%) with male predominance (92%). RTA (75%) were the most common mode of injury followed by fall. Most common clinical presentation was abdominal pain (86%) followed by tachycardia (34%) and hypotension (6%). Most common viscera injured is liver (48.2%) followed by spleen (36.7%), kidney (12.3%) and pancreas (2.8%). Majority of patients were managed conservatively (84%).Conclusions: It was concluded from the study that irrespective of the solid organ injury in blunt trauma abdomen, patients can be managed conservatively due to aggressive resuscitation with supplement drug therapy, use of analgesia or sedation in ICU setup and close monitoring. Patients are grossly hemodynamically unstable at presentation do require intervention either immediate or in due course of time.
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome as a predictor of poorer outcomes in diabetic foot infection: a prospective analytical study
Authors: Karnawat Anand Vinay , Chellappa Vijayakumar , Gopal Balasubramanian , Nagarajan Rajkumar , Srinivasan Krishnamachari
Published: May 2020

Background: This study was done to diagnose the severity of infection in a group of hospitalized diabetic foot infection (DFI) patients based on the presence or absence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and compare the outcomes.Methods: This was a single-center cohort study, in which 50 consecutive DFI patients having SIRS and 50 consecutive patients not having SIRS were included. Patients were followed for the duration of the hospital stay; parameters for glycaemic control, minor and major amputation, microbial culture, duration of hospital and ICU stay and mortality was recorded.Results: The relative risk of major amputation among the patients of DFI who presented with SIRS was 2.66 times higher compared to who was not having SIRS at presentation (95% CI, 1.56-4.55). The presence of polymicrobial infection also had a statistically significant association with the incidence of major amputation. The duration of hospital stay was ~9.5 days longer in the DFI patients who presented with SIRS compared to who was not having SIRS at the time of presentation [8.00 (4.00-20.50) days versus 17.50 (10.75-38.25) days]. DFI patients with SIRS required a significantly prolonged ICU.Conclusions: SIRS can be used as objective criteria to predict poorer outcomes in the diabetic foot infection patient and also to classify it.
Accidental multiple magnet ingestion by an adult: a case report
Authors: Gopal Suraj , Bhushan Dubey Indu , Sofi Junaid Ahmad
Published: May 2020

Accidental multiple magnetic foreign body ingestion although common in children is rare in adults. Multiple magnetic foreign body ingestion possess a definitive risk of causing intestinal perforation, volvulus or fistulas and requires early surgical intervention even in apparently asymptomatic individuals to prevent catastrophic complications. We report a case of an 18 year old male with a history of accidental simultaneous ingestion of two semi-circular shaped magnets along with a nail. The peculiarity of the case being that despite the magnets being simultaneously ingested, one was in the stomach and the other in the jejunum adhered to each other through the transverse colon mesentery causing pressure necrosis of the adjoining wall with the patient being asymptomatic.
A giant retroperitoneal schwannoma in pregnancy: a rare case report and review of literature
Authors: Padhy Aditya Prasad , Mishra Prathmesh , Das Deepak , Agarwal Nishant
Published: May 2020

Retroperitoneal schwannomas are though more common among females, are very much rare tumors arising from sheath of nerves. Also, extremely rare during pregnancy. Very few articles till date are there regarding retroperitoneal schwannomas that’s too in pregnant female. Usually these are symptomatic unless causing some compression to other intra-abdominal structures like vessels or bowel and usually malignant. As its retroperitoneal very difficult to diagnose it. So, with proper investigations and radiological imaging, first have to find out the differential diagnosis prior to planning for surgery.
Comparison of shear bond strength of different bonding materials bonded with primer and without primer - An in vivo study
Authors: Rohmetra Abhimanyu , Gupta Niharika , Jaiswal Ankita , Tandon Ragni , Singh Kamlesh
Published: May 2020

To evaluate intra group and intergroup comparison between three different adhesives with and without primer.

 A total of 120 first premolars were selected randomly for in vivo study and are divided into six groupsGroup 1-(Transbond XT with Primer), Group 2 (Transbond XT without Primer), Group 3 (Orthofix with Primer), Group 4 (Orthofix without Primer), Group 5 (Flowable Composite with Primer), Group 6 (Flowable Composite without Primer). Metal brackets were bonded on teeth by using three different adhesives :Transbond XT, Orthofix and Flowable composite with and without primer. shear bond strength was assessed by modified testing machine with adhesive remnant index(ARI) score for different adhesives

 Statistical analysis showed The mean shear bond strength of Transbond XT was maximum (9.77±3.09MPa) followed by that of Orthofix (8.75±2.04MPa) and minimum of Flowable composite (7.82±1.71MPa)and ARI suggested that the fracture occurred between composite and bracket interface. 

 Transbond XT has the highest shear bond strength while the flowable composite has the least strength but it is more than the optimal strength required hence can be used in bonding. Orthofix showed shear bond strength equivalent to Transbond XT when used without primer.
THE LEVELS OF FORMATION OF UKRAINIAN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS' PERSONAL SELF-DETERMINATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: K. Masliuk , V. Koval , T. Grygorenko
Published: May 2020

Purpose: The article defines the levels of formation of the culture of personal self-determination of students of Ukrainian higher education institutions, namely, the formation of culture. This study uses the functional model to emphasize that self-determined behaviors must be defined within the context of the purpose or utility of such behavior for the student. Methodology: Analyze the process of developing students' self-confidence in its social perspective on the basics of Ukrainian education using questionnaires, tests and surveys. The examination included 348 understudies from the control (178 people) and trial (170 people) gatherings and the confirmation phase of the analysis was held at three colleges. Result: Diagnosis and analysis showed the reasons for the low and middle levels of the formation of the culture of personal self-determination of students because there is no clear definition in the content, forms and methods of work. In general, the distribution of students by the levels of effectiveness of life assignments will be illustrated. Applications: This research can be used for the universities, teachers, and students. This qualitative study used a participatory action approach (focus group) to evaluate the perception of teachers, youth and parents of diverse ethnicities with regard to cultural influences on self-determination. Eight groups consisted of youth only, eight of parents only and four groups of teachers only. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of the Ukrainian University Students' Self-Determination: Culture Formation Aspect is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner. Also, the main originality used in this study is in the case studies investigated. The cases were students who are the autonomous adolescences among all classified different age groups.
As lembranças se conservam em nosso cérebro? Um problema bergsoniano
Authors: Santos Caio César Costa
Published: May 2020

A temática central deste artigo reside na resposta à questão: as lembranças se conservam em nosso cérebro? De início, parece-nos uma questão de fácil resposta se respondêssemos categoricamente que as lembranças se alojam em uma parte específica de nosso cérebro. Tanto é que estamos acostumados com esta definição. Contudo, não é esta bem a proposta deste presente estudo. Amparado principalmente nas pesquisas dos filósofos Bergson (2009, 2010, 2014) e Deleuze (2012), este estudo mostrará que as lembranças residem nelas mesmas, ou melhor, “na” duração. Entende-se por “duração” uma sucinta passagem ou uma mudança repentina da evolução do tempo. O nosso objetivo é demonstrar que a hipótese dos neurocientistas quanto à localização das lembranças está equivocada, pois, segundo a perspectiva bergsoniana, há uma coexistência modo-temporal entre o atual, a percepção e o virtual, a lembrança. Logo, o cérebro, enquanto matéria, não pode comportar essa tal coexistência.
La cervicosuspensión endoscópica en el tratamiento de la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo
Authors: Lomanto Morán Antonio , Sánchez Angarita Jacinto
Published: May 2020

Se analizan los resultados de 50 casos del primer estudio prospectivo realizado en el país para el tratamiento de la Incontinencia Urinaria de Esfuerzo (IUE) en la mujer, mediante la Suspensión Endoscópica del Cuello Vesical (SECV) y clstostomía, desde abril de 1984 hasta septiembre de 1985.El 40% presentaba IUE tipo II y el 60% tipo III. El 94% tenía celes concomitante y el 30% antecedentes de cirugías ginecológicas. Se observó obesidad en el 48%. En el 97% de los casos se practicó SECV con corrección de celes y el promedio de tiempo quirúrgico fue de 49 minutos. Como complicación operatoria se anota la perforación vesical en el 6% de los casos, y en el postoperatorio granulomas de pared (6%), abscesos (2%) e infección de la colpoperineorrafia (2%). El drenaje por cistostomía duró en promedio 3.3. días, observándose infección urinaria en el 16%de los casos y retención urinaria posterior en el 4% Veintiséis (26) pacientes tuvieron seguimiento de 12 a 18 meses, con resultados exitosos en todas. Se presentaron dos fracasos antes de los seis meses, imputables a fallas en la técnica quirúrgica.Con los resultados obtenidos los autores consideran provisionalmente la SECV como la técnica ideal para el manejo de la IUE asociada con celes, obesidad y antecedentes de cirugías ginecológicas, en razón a la ubicación adecuada del cuello vesical, al menor tiempo quirúrgico y a la baja morbilidad. Se recomienda sistematizar el drenaje mediante cistostomía. Un seguimiento mayor de las pacientes permitirá obtener conclusiones definitivas.
El ambiente psicosocial y la inmunidad celular en la paciente embarazada
Authors: Herrera M. Julián A. , Alvarado F. Juan P. , Martínez Julia E.
Published: May 2020

Se estudiaron 72 pacientes con más de 32 semanas de embarazo, 38 (52.7%) con trabajo de parto prematuro o hipertensión arterial inducida por el embarazo, hospitalizadas en la unidad de cuidados especiales del Hospital Universitario del Valle, Cali, Colombia, las 34 (47.3%) restantes con embarazos normales en los centros de salud de Siloé y La Selva de la misma ciudad. Se valoró el nivel de estrés y el soporte social recibido por la paciente en su embarazo, al igual que la actividad Iinfocitaria cuantificada mediante el recuento absoluto de linfocitos en extendido periférico y la prueba de hipersensibilidad tardía para la candldina, teniendo todas las pacientes el antecedente de candidiasis demostrada por examen en fresco con KOH.Se encontró mayor nivel de estrés en las pacientes con patología obstétrica (p<0.001), siendo el riesgo relativo para desarrollar patología de 4.2 (intervalo de confianza (ic) 3.6 - 4.8) cuando la paciente presentaba alto nivel de estrés, que se aumentó a 9 (ic 2.5 - 41.7) cuando la paciente, además del alto nivel de estrés, no tenía el soporte social adecuado para su embarazo. La linfopenia absoluta fue más frecuente en las pacientes patológicas (p < 0.01), asociado en 92.9% de las pacientes a una prueba de candidina negativa, teniendo 100% de las pacientes con alto nivel de estrés sin soporte social a su embarazo, depresión en la actividad linfocitaria demostrada por una prueba de candidina negativa, asociada a linfopenia absoluta en el extendido periférico (< 1.500 linfocitos).Los estímulos psicosociales, las influencias ambientales tempranas y los factores genéticos, al interactuar de manera dinámica, facilitan en las pacientes con alto nivel de estrés sin soporte social a su embarazo, depresión en la actividad linfocitaria, lo cual podría relacionarse con el riesgo relativo que se ha descrito en este grupo de pacientes para desarrollar patología obstétrica.De esta manera se dan mayores elementos para considerar el bajo nivel socioeconómico y la adolescencia como factores de riesgo en el embarazo, cuando estos factores generadores de estrés no tienen el soporte social adecuado en sus ambientes familiar o comunitario.
PERAN GURU KRISTEN DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEAKTIFAN SISWA PADA PROSES PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA DI SEKOLAH KRISTEN [THE ROLE OF CHRISTIAN TEACHERS IN IMPROVING ACTIVE LEARNING IN MATHEMATICS IN A CHRISTIAN SCHOOL]
Authors: Sihaloho Gifson Teodorus , Sitompul Henni , Appulembang Oce Datu
Published: May 2020

Teachers and students have very important roles in the learning process. The teacher's role is planning and conducting the learning process. Students are required to be actively involved in learning. The success of a teacher in teaching will be determined by how active students are in participating in learning. Students' active learning will show that they really follow the learning process. The results of field observations indicate that student activity is still very low. Students very rarely ask questions, are less enthusiastic, unfocused, and sleepy when the teacher teaches. The purpose of this study is to discuss the role of Christian teachers in increasing student activity in the learning process. The results showed that Christian teachers play a role in increasing student activity in the learning process. Teachers are advised to create learning that is fun and not boring by creating varied learning methods, making teaching aids, and using ice breakers or games.

BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACT: Guru dan siswa memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam proses pembelajaran. Guru berperan dalam merencanakan dan melakukan proses pembelajaran. Siswa dituntut untuk dapat terlibat aktif dalam belajar. Keberhasilan seorang guru dalam mengajar ditentukan seberapa aktif siswa dalam mengikuti pembelajaran. Siswa belajar aktif menunjukkan bahwa mereka sungguh-sungguh mengikuti proses pembelajaran. Hasil observasi di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa keaktifan siswa masih sangat rendah. Siswa sangat jarang mengajukan pertanyaan, kurang bersemangat, kurang antusias, tidak fokus, dan mengantuk ketika guru mengajar. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah membahas mengenai peran guru Kristen dalam meningkatkan keaktifan siswa dalam proses pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa guru Kristen berperan dalam meningkatkan keaktifan siswa pada proses pembelajaran. Peran guru Kristen dalam proses pembelajaran adalah menggunakan metode pembelajaran yang bervariasi, membimbing siswa ketika mengalami kesulitan dalam memahami materi, dan membuat ice breaking. Guru-guru disarankan untuk menciptakan pembelajaran yang menyenangkan dan tidak membosankan dengan membuat metode pembelajaran yang bervariasi, membuat alat peraga, dan membuat ice breaking ataupun games. 
Development Interactive Multimedia Using 3D Virtual Modelling on Intermolecular Forces Matter
Authors: Safitri Nurlaily Yulia , Dwiningsih Kusumawati
Published: May 2020

One of characteristic in chemistry is its abstractness concept thus, the models or analogies to represent its microscopic and symbolic representation which not able seen by eyes are needed. Intermolecular forces lesson is one of chemistry concept that needs microscopic and symbolic representation. Modelling for microscopic and symbolic representation can be used to facilitate students for a better learning experience. Related to the problem background, the aim of this study is to know the validity of interactive multimedia using 3D modelling. The interactive multimedia using 3D virtual modelling will contain intermolecular forces explanation and equipped with 3D illustration, animation, and text to describe microscopic and symbolic representation. This study used R&D method by Thiagarajan and the data gathering section conducted in SMA Negeri 1 Waru Sidoarjo. The instruments to assess the validities of multimedia are content validity sheet and construct validity sheet which assessed by 3 academics and practitioners. The validity average scores obtain 86.66% for content validity and 85.78% for construct validity which both categorize as “Very Valid”. Keywords: Interactive Multimedia, 3D Virtual Modelling, Intermolecular Forces
Oligocene and Miocene Volcanics in the Sedimentary Forearc of the Outer California Borderland
Authors: Clague David A. , Marsaglia K.M. , Cousens B.L. , Paduan J.B.
Published: May 2020

The Outer Continental Borderland offshore southern California consists of an arkose-bearing accretionary prism or truncated forearc basin with two subsequent discrete periods of calcalkaline volcanism and a third prolonged period of alkaline seamount volcanism. The volcanics exhibit progressively less continental influence/contamination with time. The earliest period consists of calcalkaline lavas dated at 30 million years ago (Ma) that erupted prior to the Pacific–Farallon spreading ridge reaching the California margin. These are moderately contaminated by continental rocks. The second more widespread period of calcalkaline activity, from 16 to 18 Ma, consists of lavas ranging from basaltic andesite to rhyolite that generally experienced less continental contamination than the 30 Ma volcanics. The 16 to 18 Ma lavas apparently formed as a triple junction migrated along the margin, although the offshore lavas are not midocean ridge basalt–like, as expected if generated within a slab window. The third, even younger period of volcanic activity produced Rodriguez Seamount on the Patton Escarpment; Northeast Bank within the Outer California Borderland; and San Juan, San Marcos, Little Joe, Davidson, Guide, Pioneer, and Gumdrop Seamounts on the Pacific Plate. These youngest lavas, previously described in the literature, have little to no signature of continental contamination, although lavas that built Rodriguez and Northeast Bank migrated through continental crustal materials. These results are largely based on samples either dredged or collected via remotely operated vehicle from the seafloor. The widespread occurrence of erratics in our California Borderland sample set indicates that their presence must be weighed when reconstructing the geology of the region.
The Santa Cruz Basin Submarine Landslide Complex, Southern California: Repeated Failure of Uplifted Basin Sediment
Authors: Brothers Daniel S. , Maier Katherine L. , Kluesner Jared W. , Conrad James E. , Chaytor Jason D.
Published: May 2020

The Santa Cruz Basin (SCB) is one of several fault-bounded basins within the California Continental Borderland that has drawn interest over the years for its role in the tectonic evolution of the region, but also because it contains a record of a variety of modes of sedimentary mass transport (i.e., open slope vs. canyon-confined systems). Here, we present a suite of new high-resolution marine geophysical data that demonstrate the extent and significance of the SCB submarine landslide complex in terms of late Miocene to present basin evolution and regional geohazard assessment. The new data reveal that submarine landslides cover an area of ~160 km2 along the eastern flank of the Santa Rosa–Cortes Ridge and have emplaced a minimum of 9 to 16 km3 of mass transport deposits along the floor of the SCB during the Quaternary. The failures occur along an onlapping wedge of Pliocene sediment that was uplifted and tilted during the later stages of basin development. The uplifted and steepened Pliocene strata were preconditioned for failure so that parts of the section failed episodically throughout the Quaternary—most likely during large earthquakes. Once failed, the material initially translated as a block glide along a defined failure surface. As transport continued several kilometers across a steep section of the lower slope, the material separated into distinctive proximal and distal components. The failed masses mobilized into debris flows that show evidence for dynamic separation into less and more mobile components that disturbed and eroded underlying stratigraphy in areas most proximal to the source area. The most highly mobilized components and those with the lowest viscosity and yield strength produced flows that blanket the underlying stratigraphy along the distal reaches of deposition. The estimated volumes of individual landslides within the complex (0.1–2.6 km3), the runout distance measured from the headwalls (>20 km), and evidence for relatively high velocity during initial mobilization all suggest that slides in the SCB may have been tsunamigenic. Because many slopes in the California Continental Borderland are either sediment starved or have experienced sediment bypass during the Quaternary, we propose that uplift and rotation of Pliocene deposits are important preconditioning factors for slope failure that need to be systematically evaluated as potential tsunami initiators.
Seafloor Geology and Its Application to Potential Benthic Habitats of Selected Areas within the Channel Islands National Park, California Borderland
Authors: Greene H. Gary , Endris Charlie , Maher Norman , Dieter Bryan , Vallier Tracy
Published: May 2020

A compilation of offshore and island geologic, marine acoustic, and seafloor sampling data for the Channel Islands National Park was used to construct geologic and potential marine benthic habitat maps of selected areas around various Channel Islands. For this investigation, we focused on three offshore areas around Santa Rosa Island (the north-central area west of Carrington Point, an area off and west of East Point, and an area off and west of South Point), and most of the shelf area around Santa Barbara Island. The maps represent the most detailed offshore mapping in the region to date, and they provide insights into the geology and potential benthic habitats in the area that can be used to manage marine biological and other resources.

The geology of the offshore areas is essentially an extension of the Tertiary geologic formations that have been mapped on the islands, but locally covered by deposits of Quaternary marine sediments. Structures in the north-central part of Santa Rosa Island and in the northeastern part of Santa Barbara Island appear to represent the most active regional tectonic processes, while the areas in the southern parts of Santa Barbara Island appear more passive, with few well-defined faults.

The first potential marine benthic habitat maps for the Channel Islands National Park are presented here, and they illustrate that diverse and favorable habitats exist. For example, the extensive areas of rugose, differentially eroded bedrock outcrops on the midshelf seafloor of the islands provide good habitats for demersal rockfish (Sebastes spp.), and rock outcrops in the nearshore areas provide hold-fasts for kelp, which can provide habitat for larval and young-of-the-year rockfish. Although true habitat is not well known in the areas studied, the potential habitat maps provide an effective management tool that can be used to protect and conserve the most promising probable habitats.
Characterizing Facies, Pore Types, and Diagenesis of a Subtidal to Peritidal Carbonate Platform for Defining Flow Units
Authors: Manifold Lucy , El-Bozie Ahmed , Hollis Cathy , Schröder Stefan
Published: May 2020

Oil and gas reside in reservoirs within peritidal and shallow subtidal lagoonal carbonate sediments across the globe. This is a zone of facies heterogeneity, controlled by changes in depositional energy, water depth, clastic influx, and evapotranspiration. Close proximity to evaporitic brine pools means that it is also an environment with the potential for dolomitization during shallow burial. As a result, the original pore system of carbonate sediment can become drastically altered prior to burial, such that reservoir properties may not be predictable from facies models alone.

The Miocene Santanyí Limestone Formation, Mallorca, Spain, is well exposed and has undergone minimal burial and therefore presents an excellent opportunity to integrate sedimentology, facies architecture, and diagenesis to determine how porosity evolves within individual facies in the shallow subsurface. From here, the impact on pore type, pore volume, pore connectivity, and petrophysical anisotropy can be assessed. The Santanyí Limestone consists of pale mudstones and wackestones, rooted wacke-packstones, stratiform laminites, and skeletal and oolitic, cross-bedded grainstone. Thin-section analysis reveals a paragenetic pathway of grain micritization, followed by dissolution of aragonite, possibly by meteoric fluids associated with karstification. Subsequently, the unit underwent fracturing, compaction, recrystallization, cementation, dolomitization, and matrix dissolution to form vugs. Petrophysical analyses of 2.54-cm-diameter plugs indicate that these complex diagenetic pathways created petrophysical anisotropy [mean horizontal permeability (Kh)/vertical permeability (Kv) of whole formation = 3.4] and that measured parameters cannot be related directly to either geological facies or pore type. Instead, petrophysical data can be grouped according to the diagenetic pathways that were followed after deposition. The best reservoir quality (i.e., typical porosity 15 to >40% and permeability >100 mD) is associated with pale mudstones, stratiform laminites, and skeletal and oolitic grainstone that have undergone pervasive recrystallization or dolomitization. These rocks have the some of the lowest formation resistivity factor (FRF) values (<200) and thus the simplest pore system. The poorest reservoir properties (k <10 mD) occur in mudstones and wackestones that have not been recrystallized and, hence, are dominated by a simple network of micropores (FRF <101). Skeletal and oolitic grainstones and rooted and brecciated wacke-packstones that have undergone some cementation and partial recrystallization have moderate reservoir properties and a high FRF (>>1000), reflecting a complex pore system of biomolds, vugs, and microporosity. Consequently, reservoir properties can be predicted based on their primary rock properties and the diagenetic pathway that they followed after deposition.
Lateral and Vertical Trends of Preferred Flow Pathways Associated with Bioturbated Carbonate: Examples From Middle to Upper Jurassic Strata, Central Saudi Arabia
Authors: Eltom Hassan , Hasiotis Stephen T.
Published: May 2020

Shallow to deeply penetrating bioturbation by organisms on carbonate shelves can alter the original depositional texture of carbonate sediments, rearrange and modify the primary porosity and permeability patterns, and effectively increase the overall flow properties in multiple intervals. To explore the impact of bioturbation on reservoir quality and its spatial and vertical patterns, this study examined sedimentologically, ichnologically, and geostatistically ubiquitous bioturbated strata throughout outcrops of the Middle Jurassic Tuwaiq Mountain Formation and Upper Jurassic Hanifa Formation in central Saudi Arabia. Each lithofacies within the studied intervals had an ichnofabric index (ii) range from nonbioturbated (ii1) to beds completely homogenized by bioturbation (ii6). Most important was the occurrence of laterally extensive (>5 km) Glossifungites Ichnofacies, which represent firmgrounds with ii2 to ii5. These Glossifungites Ichnofacies are composed of complex and deep, three-dimensional Thalassinoides burrow networks (TBN) in mud-dominated lithofacies. These TBN have pore systems that consist of (1) open and partially open macropores (size of several centimeters), and (2) interparticle and moldic pores within the burrow filling, which consists of peloids, skeletal grains, and coated grains in a grain-dominated packstone texture. The TBN pore system, which typically penetrates the entire extent of the mud-dominated bioturbated beds, provides permeability pathways in an otherwise less permeable medium. Outcrop data and three-dimensional models suggest that these permeable pathways can contribute to overall reservoir flow in three ways: (1) TBN beds contribute to the overall reservoir flow as a single flow unit if bound above and below by impermeable beds (e.g., lateral flow in vertical well). (2) TBN breach the bed boundaries and, thus, connect above and below into more porous, more permeable grainy beds, providing overall reservoir connectivity for the carbonate reservoir and contributing to vertical and lateral flow. (3) TBN beds connect otherwise laterally compartmentalized reservoirs and contribute to vertical flow. Controls on the lateral and vertical variability of the TBN in the study area can be attributed to changes in water chemistry of the depositional environments, which are likely linked to global and local controls. This spatial and temporal relationship impacts the lateral and vertical distribution of flow properties of TBN strata in bioturbated reservoirs. Understanding such relationships is critical for secondary and tertiary recovery of oil by water flooding because such relationships can provide a prediction about the trend of vertical and lateral flow properties.