bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of cotton plant (Gossypium herbaceum Linn.) extracts on some vancomycin and methicillin-resistant pathogenic bacteria
Authors: I.C. Adekambi  , P.O. Fabowale  , A. O. Ogundare
Published: April 2024

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a serious global problem, hence attention is being turned to plants as alternative source of antimicrobial to combat the menace of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic microorganisms. This study explores the antibacterial properties of Gossypium herbaceum leaf extracts against a spectrum of antibiotic-resistant bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, sourced from clinical isolates at Don Bosco Catholic Laboratory and Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital in Nigeria. The research utilized cold extraction methods with methanol and n-hexane solvents to prepare the extracts, which were then analyzed for their phytochemical composition, revealing the presence of flavonoids, steroids, tannins, terpenoids, and glycosides. Antibacterial activity was assessed using the disc diffusion method, with the extracts showing varying zones of inhibition; n-hexane extracts produced zones between 21.35 mm and 4.10 mm, while methanol extracts showed zones between 18.75 mm and 5.05 mm at a concentration of 200mg/mL. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined, with n-hexane extracts ranging from 25 mg/mL to 6.25 mg/mL and methanol extracts from 50 mg/mL to 6.25 mg/mL. Further analysis of the bioactive fractions was conducted through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), which identified six distinct bioactive compounds in the methanol extract, including alkenes, alcohols, amines, phenols, nitro compounds, and alkanes. Plasmid profiling indicated the presence of plasmids in clinically significant pathogens like P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, suggesting a potential mechanism for their antibiotic resistance. Overall, the study highlights the significant antibacterial activity of G. herbaceum extracts against resistant bacteria and suggests their potential as alternative antimicrobial agents in combating antibiotic resistance, which is a growing global health concern.
Precision healthcare analytics: Integrating ML for automated image interpretation, disease detection, and prognosis prediction
Authors: Amina Catherine Ijiga  , Monica Ajuma Igbede  , Chukwunonso Ukaegbu  , Timilehin Isaiah Olatunde  , Frederick Itunu Olajide  , Lawerence Anebi Enyejo
Published: April 2024

This review paper provides an overview of precision healthcare analytics, focusing on the integration of machine learning (ML) techniques for automating image interpretation, disease detection, and prognosis prediction across various medical imaging modalities, including X-rays, MRIs, and CT scans. Drawing upon existing literature and empirical evidence, we assess the impact of ML-driven automated image interpretation on diagnostic accuracy, highlighting its superiority over traditional methods. Additionally, we examine the effectiveness of ML algorithms in disease detection, emphasizing their potential for early intervention and improved patient outcomes. Furthermore, we explore the prognostic capabilities of ML-based models in forecasting disease progression and guiding treatment strategies. Through a comprehensive synthesis of research findings, we identify key factors influencing the performance of ML algorithms in healthcare applications and discuss strategies for addressing challenges related to data quality, interpretability, and scalability. By critically evaluating current trends and advancements in precision healthcare analytics, this review aims to provide insights into the potential benefits and limitations of ML integration in medical practice, contributing to the ongoing discourse on enhancing patient care and healthcare delivery.
Internal medicine consults within the emergency department: A workflow intervention to match workforce with workload
Authors: Steven J. Montague  , Scott J. Curran  , Amanda C. Maracle  , Christopher A. Smith
Published: April 2024

Background. Emergency departments (ED) are increasingly overcrowded, exacerbated by patients awaiting consultations and inpatient beds. Internal Medicine (IM) is the most consulted specialty service from the ED. Patients experience long delays after being consulted to Internal Medicine (IM). Objective. Decrease these delays by improving the IM consult process. Methods. A three stage process was designed. First: Analysis of the IM consult workflow over a 27-day period to identify the longest delays. Then implement a data-driven intervention. Second: Quantitatively assess the intervention by comparing three-month periods Pre-Intervention (Time A) with Post-Intervention (Time B). Third: Qualitatively assess the intervention by surveying residents. Results. The first stage included 398 consults. The longest delays were awaiting bed availability post admission order completion (mean 19.5 hours) and awaiting the initial junior resident assessment (mean 3.6 hours). This assessment delay significantly increased during busy shifts. The intervention involved the addition of an extra IM resident during the busiest four hours of the day. The second stage compared 1162 patients from Time A with 1263 patients from Time B. There was no significant change in assessment times post-intervention. However, there was an 8% increase in consult volume in Time B as compared to Time A. The third stage captured 100% of the 23 senior residents. Overall, residents reported the change as beneficial to themselves and the patients. Conclusions. For patients consulted to IM in the ED, inpatient bed availability contributed to the largest delay to leave the ED. Increasing IM resident staffing during peak hours did not decrease time to complete consults. However, increased IM resident staffing was perceived as beneficial to both residents and patients.
Comparison of platelet count by automated hematology analyzer and peripheral blood smear in thrombocytopenic patient
Authors: Ajeet Kumar Prajapati
Published: April 2024

Platelet count estimation is one of the common as well as important laboratory investigations to diagnose many diseases like dengue, malaria etc. Different methods for platelet estimations are automated haematology analyzer, peripheral blood smear examination method etc. Most common causes of inaccurate platelet count by automated analyser are the presence of giant platelets, platelet clumps etc. leading to erroneous result like false low platelet count etc. We aimed to compare platelet count estimation by automated haematology analyzer and the peripheral blood smear examination in thrombocytopenic patients. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 blood samples of patients which came thrombocytopenic on automated haematology analyzer. Each case was also analyzed by peripheral blood smear examination and compared with its corresponding automated haematology platelet count value. Our study included 63% males and 37% females, with the mean age of 38.8 years. Most of the patients belonged to the age group of 30-40 years (34%). The mean platelet count on automated analyzers was 85.46 ± 38.81 x 103/uL whereas on peripheral smear was 92.13 ± 38.30×103/uL with a significant difference between the two groups (p-value <0.0001).Pseudo-thrombocytopenia was observed in 10% of patients, with giant platelets observed in 29% of the cases on blood smear. In view of false low platelet count by automated analyser, we concluded that manual examination by peripheral blood smear examination should always be considered whose platelet count is low by automation.
Impact of the period of anti-pandemic measures during the COVID-19 pandemic on the sexual life of adolescents and young adults in Slovakia
Authors: Šimon Verešpej
Published: April 2024

The aim of the research is to highlight the impact of the period of anti-pandemic measures during the COVID-19 pandemic on the sexual life of adolescents and young adults in Slovakia. At the beginning of the study, 8 participants were obtained through voluntary and random selection, with whom interviews were subsequently conducted to gain insight into their experiences regarding the pandemic's impact on their sexual life. The interviews were then analysed using narrative analysis. We focused on 11 subcategories: frequency of sexual activities, space for engaging in sexual activities, use of sex, use of masturbation and pornography, sexual communication, emotions associated with sexual activities, changes in sexual self-confidence, changes in sexual preferences, factors influencing sexual life, self-assessment of the pandemic's impact on sexual life, sexual life post-pandemic.
Dostupnost i posudba u hrvatskim narodnim knjižnicama djela dobitnika Nobelove nagrade za književnost od 2000. do 2022. godine
Authors: Duić Mirko
Published: April 2024

Cilj. Istražiti u deset hrvatskih narodnih knjižnica dostupnost i posudbu djela čiji su autori dobitnici Nobelove nagrade za književnost od 2000. do 2022. godine. Utvrditi i analizirati razdoblja kada su djela objavljena te vrste građe i jezike na kojima su objavljena.

Metodologija. U radu je korištena metoda pretraživanja literature na temu analiza knjižničnih zbirki. U istraživanju provedenom u veljači 2023. godine korištena je metoda usporedbe kataloga. Provedena je kvantitativna analiza podataka o dostupnosti i posudbi građe. Podaci su prikupljeni u katalozima deset narodnih knjižnica iz različitih dijelova Hrvatske. Podaci o posudbi građe odnose se na razdoblje od 10. veljače 2022. do 10. veljače 2023. godine.

Rezultati. Istraživanjem je utvrđeno da sve knjižnice imaju u ponudi značajan broj naslova i primjeraka istražene literature, što znači da je ona korisnicima dostupna, neovisno o tome žive li u manjim ili većim mjestima. Također je utvrđeno da knjižnice u većim mjestima imaju veći broj naslova i primjeraka djela autora nagrađenih Nobelovom nagradom za književnost te broja njihovih posudbi, a imaju i raznolikiju ponudu građe na stranim jezicima i iz starijih razdoblja te raznolikiju ponudu što se tiče vrsta knjižnične građe.

Praktična primjena. Rezultati do kojih se došlo istraživanjem mogu koristiti djelatnicima knjižnica za unaprjeđenje zbirke djela autora nagrađenih Nobelovom nagradom.

Društveni značaj. Rad upućuje na važnu ulogu narodnih knjižnica u osiguravanju jednake dostupnosti kvalitetne literature u cijeloj Hrvatskoj, na važnu ulogu koju knjižnice imaju u stvaranju ravnopravnih i pogodnih uvjeta za učenje i informiranje korisnika.

Originalnost/vrijednost. Istražena je tema koja nije zastupljena u domaćoj literaturi. Predloženi su mogući pravci daljnjih povezanih istraživanja, naprimjer, istraživanja o utjecaju koji veličina knjižnice može imati na različite osobine njezinog fonda i zbirki. Također je predstavljena metoda prikupljanja podataka o posudbi knjižničnih djela koja istraživačima može biti korisna u provedbi tematski povezanih istraživanja.
Izložbe u knjižnici
Authors: Pejić Slaven
Published: April 2024

Cilj. Cilj ovoga rada jest potaknuti raspravu oko problematike knjižnične izložbene djelatnosti te ukazati na brojne izazove postavljanja izložbi u knjižnici. Namjera je primjerom iz prakse u Narodnoj knjižnici „Petar Preradović“ Bjelovar olakšati proces organizacije, provedbe, katalogizacije i vrednovanja izložbene djelatnosti u drugim knjižnicama.

Pristup/metodologija. Rad se temelji na istraživanju relevantne literature koja se odnosi na knjižničnu izložbenu djelatnost te pregledu praktične provedbe izložbene djelatnosti od strane zaposlenika Narodne knjižnice „Petar Preradović“ Bjelovar od 2020. do 2023. godine temeljeno na službenim izvješćima.

Rezultati. Rad donosi sažetu teorijsku podlogu o temi izložbi u knjižnicama i organizaciji izložbene djelatnosti. Isto tako, informativno opisuje proces izrade izložbe, od idejnog osmišljavanja, organizacije izložbenog prostora, prikupljanja izložbenog materijala, pa do postavljanja, pohrane i katalogizacije izložbi. Kroz prikaz primjera iz prakse knjižničarima su ponuđene potrebne informacije za što uspješniju provedbu izložbi u vlastitoj ustanovi.

Originalnost/vrijednost. Prepoznata je potreba publiciranja stručne literature koja se odnosi na knjižničnu izložbenu djelatnost i njezinu praktičnu primjenu.
Putopis kao instrumentarij međukulturnog dijaloga
Authors: Palčić Borić Ivana , Gabaj Miloš Ana , Resman Malović Nikolina
Published: April 2024

Cilj. Cilj rada promoviranje je putopisa kao književnog žanra i forme s kulturnim kontekstom, koristeći ga kao literarni predložak za senzibilizaciju djece i mladih za multikulturalnost i kulturno raznoliko društvo kroz inovativni program osmišljen u Knjižnici Ivana Gorana Kovačića pod nazivom „Djeca svijeta“.

Pristup/metodologija/dizajn. Potaknute osjetljivim pitanjem migracija, promjenjivom demografskom strukturom stanovništva i odgovornošću sudjelovanja u procesu stvaranja kulturno raznolikog društva, autorice u radu predstavljaju programsku aktivnost dječjeg odjela Knjižnice Ivana Gorana Kovačića, prateći njezin razvoj od ideje do provedbe, u skladu s vizijom Knjižnica grada Zagreba.

Društveni značaj. Društveni značaj rada promiče jednakopravnost u pružanju i prilagodbi knjižničnih usluga prema potrebama promjenjive strukture stanovništva, isticanje knjižnice kao prostora koji pozdravlja koncept multikulturalnosti, kulturne raznolikosti i djelovanja s pozicije posredne instance između pojedinca i društva, odnosno kao podrška stvaranju kohezijskog društva.

Rezultati. Posebno osmišljena putopisna predavanja potvrdila su potrebu za uslugama i programima koji potiču kulturnu toleranciju i trpeljivost, ukazala su na pozitivne aspekte suradnje s lokalnom zajednicom te su, promicanjem kritičkog razmišljanja i naglašavanjem prava na slobodan pristup informacijama kao načinom podrške osobnom i društvenom razvoju kroz neformalno i informalno učenje, podržala ciljeve i misiju Knjižnice. Osiguravanje raznolikosti i inovativnosti u programima koji potiču razvoj kulturne svijesti i zajedništva čini knjižnicu privlačnom različitim skupinama korisnika.
Technology for teaching foreign language written communication to future water transport workers
Authors: Moleva Marina Valer’evna
Published: April 2024

The research aims to develop and present an effective training technology that ensures high educational and professional results in foreign language written communication for future water transport workers. The paper considers the author’s technology for teaching future water transport workers written communication in a foreign (English) language. This technology consists of two components: an algorithm of educational activities for students to master foreign language written communication and a system of exercises aimed at developing various interrelated skills of written professional speech in a foreign language. The scientific novelty of the research lies in designing an original technological solution that implements the theoretical foundations of teaching foreign language professional written speech in the training of future water transport workers. As a result of the research, it has been found that the process of teaching foreign language written communication is based on the natural development of a person’s written speech skills in their native language, from imitating (copying) someone else’s text to independently producing a written foreign language message. At the same time, it has been proven that the effectiveness of the written communication process depends on students’ linguistic and speech skills, as well as their discursive, pragmatic, and sociocultural skills in professional written speech in a foreign language.
Using machine learning for the topic annotation of oral speech corpus texts
Authors: Pogodaeva Elena Nikolaevna
Published: April 2024

The research aims to determine the effectiveness of the thesaurus method for forming a list of topic classes when using machine learning for the topic classification of text materials of sociolinguistic interviews. The paper considers the potential of using machine learning in the topic annotation of linguistic corpus materials. The polytopical nature of the analyzed material is due to its genre belonging to dialogical speech. The hierarchical structure of the topics, identified as a result of a preliminary introspective analysis of the texts, can be described using a thesaurus. The results of using the unsupervised machine learning method are discussed involving two sets of topic class names: a list of topics used in manual text annotation and an extended list of micro-topics whose names were selected from a Russian language thesaurus. The paper is novel in that it is the first to propose the thesaurus method for selecting topic labels for the zero-shot classification of weakly structured Russian texts. The research findings show that using a more detailed lexical description for topic classes improves the classification result.
Trading Analysis Of The Kopay Chili
Authors: Kinanti Azani Fauzia , Hakimi Rini , Hidayat Rian
Published: April 2024

Chili is one of the horticultural crops with the most market demand. One of the local varieties that originated from Payakumbuh is Kopay chili. The trading process of the product can influence the fluctuating price. The trading channel is efficient if the system uses the minimum possible cost to distribute the product to consumers. This study aims to describe the trading channels and functions and analyze the trading margins and efficiency of the Kopay chili in Kelurahan Koto Panjang Dalam. This study used a survey method with deep interviews and questionnaires. The number of samples interviewed was 16 farmers, 7 retailers and 10 consumers. The analysis used is descriptive qualitative and quantitative. The result showed two trading channels: channel one (farmers – final consumers) and channel two (farmers – retailers – final consumers). The functions of the trading system are exchange function (purchase and sale), physical function (storage and transportation),and support function (standardization and risk management). The trading margin of channel one is IDR 8.500/kg, while channel one does not have a trading margin because farmers sell the chili directly to consumers. Both trading channels of Kopay chili in Kelurahan Koto Panjang Dalam are efficient, with an efficiency level of 0.37% and 4.19%, respectively.
The Influence Of The Number Of Commodity Types And Storability On The Sales Level Of Hydroponic Vegetable Producers
Authors: Ewiel Ewiel , Miftah Himmatul , Novita Ita
Published: April 2024

As the number of hydroponic vegetable producers in Bogor City increases, producers must improve strategies and win the competition to stay ahead. This study aims to determine how the sales level of hydroponic vegetable producers in Bogor City, how the number of commodity types and shelf life of hydroponic vegetable producers in Bogor City and the effect of the number of commodity types and shelf life on the sales level of hydroponic vegetables in Bogor City. This research was conducted in May-June 2023. The data collection method was carried out by census. Respondents in this study were 20 hydroponic vegetable businesses. Data analysis used descriptive analysis, quantitative analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. Descriptive analysis and quantitative analysis to answer objectives one and two, namely at the most dominant sales level 8 companies sell vegetables as much as 101-500 kg / month, while the least sales are 1 company selling vegetables less than 50 kg / month. The most dominant number of vegetable commodities 8 companies have 3-4 types of vegetables, the most dominant shelf life 11 companies with vegetable shelf life 4-6 days. Then in multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS version 24, it was found that the significant effect on the variable number of commodity types and storability (X) on the level of sales (Y) was marked by the value of t count > from t table, f count > from f table and obtained a coefficient of determination R2 of 80.4% while the remaining 19.6% was influenced by other variables not carried out in this study.
Feasibility of Rice Seed Capture Business
Authors: Irvan Syah Muhamad , Widyantari Ineke Nursih , Ginting Nina Maksimiliana
Published: April 2024

The study aimed to determine the income of rice seed breeding farmers and the feasibility of the rice seed breeding business. The research site was selected purposely, considering Semangga District is a rice-producing area in Merauke Regency. The study population amounted to 32 farmers who were sampled, so the sampling method was a census. This research uses primary data obtained through surveys, interviews, and questionnaires, and secondary data obtained through the internet, journals, and other literature. The results obtained were farmer income of Rp. 22,754,654. The R / C Ratio value of 2.12, because it is greater than one, then the rice seed breeding business in the study area is feasible to develop.
Apoptosis of Dendritic Cells and Autoimmune Disease
Authors: Sun Li , Ding Fengzhi , Zhou Lijuan , Wang Jing , Li Min , Zhou Pingping , Li Jing , Ding Caiyun , Wang Haihua , Xu Yuekang
Published: April 2024

Dendritic cells (DCs), the most efficient antigen-presenting cells (APCs), bridge the innate and adaptive immune systems. As such, the turn-over of DCs is critical during autoimmune responses, and the dysregulation of DC apoptosis could cause severe immune destruction in the host. For example, reduction of immunogenic DCs by increased apoptosis could lead to immune tolerance to pathogen infection that might allow exposure of nuclear autoantigens, whereas reduced apoptosis could result in long-term lymphocyte activation to break the immune tolerance for the development of autoimmune disease. Thus, keeping a balance between survival and apoptosis of DCs is crucial to maintain immune homeostasis. In this review, we summarize the recent development on the factors inducing DC apoptosis and their underlying mechanisms to provide insights into the immunopathogenesis of some autoimmune diseases, which could lead to effective therapeutic interventions in the clinics.
A Review: The Significance of Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 4, and NF-κB Signaling in Endothelial Cells during Atherosclerosis
Authors: Yan Baoxin , Yu Xiaoxian , Cai Xianzhen , Huang Xiaojun , Xie Bin , Lian Danchun , Chen Jinhao , Li Weiwen , Lin Ying , Ye Junjun , Li Jilin
Published: April 2024

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory vascular disease that begins with endothelial activation followed by a series of inflammatory responses, plaque formation, and finally rupture. An early event in endothelial dysfunction is activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling axis. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in endothelial cells (ECs) play an essential role in recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and lifestyle-associated molecular patterns (LAMPs). Activation of the canonical NF-κB pathway stimulates the expression of cytokines, chemokines, and an array of additional genes which activate and amplify AS-associated inflammatory responses. In this review, we discuss the involvement of TLR2/4 and NF-κB signaling in ECs during AS initiation, as well as regulation of the inflammatory response during AS by noncoding RNAs, especially microRNA (miRNA) and circular RNA (circRNA).
Bitcoin and Forms of Money: Theoretical Issues
Authors:   Financial Research Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation, Belousov Yu. V.
Published: April 2024

The paper considers the question that has gained relevance in the last decade: whether the cryptocurrency bitcoin is money. The economic literature provides different opinions on this issue. The analysis shows that disagreements arise because of the different understanding of the category of ‘money’ rather than because of the nature of bitcoin. The author analyzes popular interpretations of money in terms of their applicability to the definition of the role and place of cryptocurrencies in the financial system. The purpose of this study is to define money as a financial instrument that linksthe creation of gross social product with its distribution. The author believes that money emerged and exists as a tool that ensures a connection between the contribution of each economic entity to the total product of society and the right to receive an equivalent amount of goods from this gross product. At the same time, the author defines money as an ‘ideal right’ to receive a share of the gross social product. In this regard, the analysis of bitcoin shows that this cryptocurrency allows obtaining goods from the gross social product in many countries, while bitcoin owners do not contribute to the gross social product. Based on this, bitcoin cannot be considered money; it is a money substitute, or surrogate money. At the same time, bitcoin was created as money and performs the functions of money, but to a limited extent. Bitcoin can only perform the functions of money as a supplement to an existing official currency. It is not capable of functioning as the only currency in a society. The interpretation proposed in this paper can be used for the purposes of developing the Russian law on cryptocurrencies is currently being worked on by the Government and the Central Bank of Russia.
Financial Contagion of the Russian Stock Market from the European Stock Market During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors:   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation, Malkina M. Yu. , Rogachev D. Yu. ,   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
Published: April 2024

This paper investigates the transmission of financial contagion from the European to the Russian stock market during the COVID-19 pandemic. Financial contagion refers to the spread of instability and shocks across individual countries, sectors, or markets during a crisis, where the relationship between returns and volatility of different assets goes beyond normal interactions. Using the construction of extended autoregressive models, we test the contagion of the RTSI composite index from the EURO STOXX 50 index, with the US dollar exchange rate and the spot price of Urals crude oil serving as control variables. The calculation of the moving coefficient of variation in assets prices allows us to distinguish the pre-crisis, crisis and post-crisis periods, for which three separate autoregressive models are built. The contagion of the Russian stock market from the European stock market in these models is identified in two ways: 1) based on the growth and significance of estimated coefficient for the tested variable (STOXX 50 index return) during the crisis; 2) through an increase in the contribution of the tested variable to the explained variance of the dependent variable (RTSI return). In addition, we tested contagion based on the method of central co-moments of the distribution of returns, skewness and volatility of the tested and dependent variable. The analysis has convincingly demonstrated the existence of a financial contagion effect from the European stock market to the Russian stock market in the short term — strengthening of the impact of the European STOXX 50 index on the Russian RTSI index in the acute phase of the pandemic. Understanding the factors contributing to the spread of market shocks in the context of financial globalization can help policymakers to implement effective financial regulatory measures and maintain long-term financial stability in line with national interests. For investors, it helps to identify potential risks and opportunities, enabling optimal hedging and diversification response strategies.
ESG Approaches in Securitization Transactions
Authors:   RANEPA, Moscow, Russian Federation, Khutorova N. A.
Published: April 2024

The spread of the sustainable development concept has given rise to sustainable finance, as well as the infrastructure of the financial and consulting industry of valuations, verifications and various databases in the field of ESG. This research is devoted to theoretical and practical study of the accumulated experience of ESG securitization transactions in order to systematize ESG financing instruments and directions of development of this sphere in modern conditions. The study showes that ESG securitization practices are being integrated into capital management processes in line with sustainable development goals, with the most developed centers in the USA, Europe and China. The study systematizes the main types of ESG securitized assets, gives their characteristics and identifies current trends. In Russia, despite its isolation from the world financial markets, the practice of ESG securitization is developing, covering new directions. The study notes the potential for the development of green mortgages, which will contribute to the activation of securitization transactions in the segment of residential and commercial real estate. High potential for development of the social segment of ESG securitization is also noted due to the growing demand for financing social projects in the regions. Expansion of the practice of social mortgage securitization will contribute to the redistribution of risks between the public and private sectors, while active involvement of Russian banks in a variety of ESG lending programs (car loans, lending to small and medium-sized businesses with a green and social focus, e.g. for the construction of social infrastructure, etc.) will expand the market. There is a suggestion that the development of digital ESG securitization platforms will help expand the reach of retail investors, while cooling the junk bond market. The article notes that the expansion of multi-tranche ESG securitization will allow long-term assets of pension funds and various ESG funds to be leveraged into mortgage-backed securities. Overall, ESG securitization improves the structure of transactions, expands the range of derivatives used, improves the quality of credit and interest rate risk management, and contributes to the achievement of sustainable development goals.
Subjective signs of abuse in public procurement of goods, works, services for the needs of the state (Article 200.4 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation): legal and historical aspects
Authors: Dolinko Vasily
Published: April 2024

The article examines the issues of subjective signs of abuse in public procurement of goods, stocks, works and services in the light of the historical stages of development of the Russian state and its state-contract system of public procurement. The relevance of this article lies in the fact that it indicates that this direction is in the modern mainstream of the global trends in the development of criminal law impact on modern crime in the field of ensuring the security of the public sector of the country, in which the dominant role is played by the state authorities of Russia and institutions of modern Russian civil society.
The transformations of rural society in Morocco
Authors: Marzouk Abdelkrim , El Atri Abderrahim , Amari Seddik Sadiki , Boulouh Brahim
Published: April 2024

It has become impossible to deny the necessity of studying the social, cultural and spatial transformations in Morocco rural society. Morocco has known the colonial phenomenon, has also engaged in technical and organizational modernity, as well as integrated into the global economic market, and the globalization system with its various challenges. This article attempts to identify the most important transformations that the rural oasis community has experienced in Morocco.
A gentle introduction to Bayesian statistics, with applications to bilingualism research
Authors: Veríssimo João
Published: April 2024

Bayesian analyses have been increasingly adopted in psychology and linguistics as an addition (or replacement) to traditional frequentist methods. However, Bayesian methods are not yet widely applied in bilingualism research, possibly because existing introductions and tutorials have not been directed specifically at our field. The current paper highlights the advantages of Bayesian statistics to the bilingualism researcher, by providing both an introduction to its foundational principles and a practical tutorial on estimation and hypothesis testing using the brms R package. The examples build up from simple linear regression to more advanced mixed-effects models and showcase different aspects of a Bayesian workflow. Data, code, and models are publicly available at https://osf.io/n3jgm/.
AI: a Bridge toward Diverse Intelligence and Humanity’s Future
Authors: Levin Michael
Published: April 2024

Many recent discussions of AI, and its impact on individuals and on society, are importantly incomplete. The debate around AI has neglected highly relevant aspects of the emerging fields of Diverse Intelligence and synthetic morphology, as well as the basic facts of developmental biology. Prevalent opinions with respect to the status of engineered systems often neglect deep knowledge gaps with respect to ourselves, and our relationship to knowledge and to each other, which have been with us long before AI technology appeared. Moreover, the inevitable arrival of a wide set of unconventional bodies and minds, as humans modify their form and create others, will shatter untenable old narratives of what we are, what it means to change, what we can become, and what we should value. Here I discuss the open problems highlighted by AI from the perspective of Diverse Intelligence and the evolutionary history of our bodies and our minds.
The emergence of emotion word comprehension in toddlerhood: Evidence from a looking-while-listening paradigm
Authors: Chen Hanqi , Wu Yang
Published: April 2024

At what age do children acquire emotion words? Research shows gradual acquisition from ages 3 to 5, with mixed findings for age 2. However, most studies have used tasks that may be too demanding for children. This study used a looking-while-listening paradigm to test 18- to 36- month-olds (N = 96; 54% girls, 61% White). Eighteen- to 24-month-olds did not preferentially look at the target face in either cross-valence (e.g., happy-angry) or within-valence (e.g., happy- angry) conditions. Two-year-olds succeeded, with ability in cross-valence conditions emerging in younger 2-year-olds and ability in within-valence conditions in older 2-year-olds. These findings suggest that emotion word comprehension emerges as early as age two.
Letter to the Editor: Stimulus intensities and sensory modalities constitute two major challenges for online threat conditioning research
Authors: Stussi Yoann , Coppin Geraldine
Published: April 2024

In this letter, we expand on Ney et al.'s (2023) review on moving human threat conditioning research online by highlighting two major challenges for such a transition: the restricted ranges of stimulus intensities and sensory modalities that can be tested in this setting. We illustrate the implications of these challenges. Specifically, we discuss how they are key in establishing (a) the translational relevance, specificity, and reliability of threat conditioning phenomena that can be studied online, and (b) the extent to which online experiments can capture the richness and sophistication of threat conditioning processes.
Development of a New Observer-Rated Measure to Assess the Real Relationship in Psychotherapy Sessions
Authors: Bekes Vera
Published: April 2024

Real relationship (RR) refers to a genuine human relationship between client and therapist, that has been found to be positively related to treatment outcome, and to predict unique variance in outcome over and above the working alliance. However, thus far, the measurement of RR has been limited to self-report, therefore, we aimed to develop an observer-rated version of the RR measure (RR-O) to assess RR in therapy sessions. We adapted items from the self-report measures to an observer rated measure, which was reviewed by RR experts. The final 24-item RR-O was rated in 540 session transcripts from 27 psychoanalytic treatments that already had existing process and outcome scores. The RR-O showed good internal consistency and good interrater reliability. In hierarchical EFA, items clustered into a general RR factor, and client realism, client genuineness, therapist genuineness, and therapist realism group factors. In addition, the RR-O was positively related to another RR measure and to the therapeutic alliance. The RR-O shows initial reliability and validity as an observer-rated measure of the RR to be used in post-hoc psychotherapy research. Future research should clarify the relation between RR-O and treatment outcome.
Why you shouldn’t trust data collected on MTurk
Authors: Kay Cameron Stuart
Published: April 2024

Several prior studies have used advanced methodological techniques to demonstrate that there isan issue with the quality of data on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk). The goal of the presentpreregistered project was to provide an accessible demonstration of this issue by showing thatpairs of items assessing clearly contradictory content (e.g., “I talk a lot” and “I rarely talk”) arepositively correlated on the platform. We administered 27 of these semantic antonyms to samplesdrawn from Connect (N1 = 100), Prolific (N3 = 100), and MTurk (N2 = 400; N4 = 600). Despitemost of the antonyms being negatively correlated on Connect and Prolific, over 96% of theantonyms were positively correlated on MTurk. This issue could not be remedied by screeningthe data using common attention check measures nor by recruiting only “high-quality” MTurkparticipants. These findings provide clear evidence that data collected on MTurk cannot betrusted.
Mental Health Exemptions to Criminal Responsibility
Authors: Augestad Knudsen Rita
Published: April 2024

Ill mental health is a key category for exempting individuals from criminal responsibility. Even in cases where a defendant has been found to have carried out the act, if mentally ‘ill enough’, the person could either be fully exempt from criminal responsibility and found not guilty – or be partially exempt and receive a reduced or special sentence on mental health grounds. Such outcomes might entail diversion into mental health treatment, sectioning – or release. In determining whether a mental health exemption is warranted in individual cases, ordinary practice is that psychologists or psychiatrists forensically assess the severity and nature of the accused’s impairment or disorder. While this might seem like a straightforward medical-juridical procedure of establishing evidence, this article uses a modified ‘genealogy of the present’ to show how mental health exemptions to criminal responsibility involve significantly more complexity. Looking to Norway and the UK, this article highlights differences in frameworks and implementation, including on matters of burden and nature of proof, and on causality. The article uses as an example the particular category of terrorism-related cases to bring out some of the contingencies involved. By doing so, the article shows the tensions inherent to the principle and practice of mental health exemptions, and its location between law, medicine, politics and security.
Funding AcknowledgementThis research was made possible by a STAIRS grant from the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI), as well as by funding from C-REX (Centre for Research on Extremism), University of Oslo.
Status of Poverty in India: A Study on State wise Analysis
Authors: Barman Prasanta
Published: April 2024

Poverty in India is a multidimensional phenomenon involving the deprivation of basic needs. According to the Sustainable Development Goals 2030 Agenda, the goal was to end poverty and zero hunger. However, poverty statistics also vary between states in India with some states having the lowest number of poverty and some states having the highest number of poverty. According to the Headcount Ratio 2022-23 MPI index report, population poverty was 24.85% in 2015-16 and 14.96% in 2019-21 across India (NITI Aayog, MPI Index, India, 2023). This study aims to understand the existence and state-wise variations of poverty in India. This study uses data collected from the Planning Commission of India's report, India's Headcount Ratio Intensity and MPI, NITI Aayog National Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023, and (NSSO) HCES: 2022-23 factsheet report on poverty statistics of various states and Union Territories of India and per capita monthly income of various states.
Risk Assessment of Mamak Dam Based on The ICOLD Modification Method and Risk Index Method
Authors: Wiarta I Made Adhitya , Yasa I Wayan , Hartana
Published: April 2024

The Mamak Dam has the risk of damage and the need for evacuation at an extreme downstream level. Risk considerations are based on the potential natural disasters of the dam, the impact of dam failure, design loads, and safety coefficients. The Risk Index method results in a score with parameters such as spillway capacity adequacy, safety factor adequacy against slopes, disaster factor (hazard), and all parameters analyzed to determine the Dam Safety Index (Idam). The drawback of the Risk Index method is neglecting downstream failure analysis. The ICOLD modification method for parameters is the same as the Risk Index method, but the ICOLD method considers downstream analysis. The modification involves adding parameters, such as the condition of the dam slope cover layer, based on the Mamak Dam Large Inspection results. In the Risk Index method, the Idam calculation value is 262.5. The total risk index value for Mamak Dam is 51.73, with a dam safety value of 92.337. In the ICOLD method, the Idam calculation value is 245, with a total risk index value for Mamak Dam of 48.28 and a Dam Safety value of 92.848. Meanwhile, using the Modified ICOLD method, the Idam calculation value is 245, with a total risk index value for Mamak Dam of 49.93 and a Dam Safety value of 92.603. Based on these results, the Dam Safety value with the Modified ICOLD method has decreased but still falls within the satisfactory classification (>75). Therefore, it can be concluded that Mamak Dam is currently at a safe level against normal loads and extraordinary loads (design floods and design earthquakes).
Translation Strategies and challenges for translating Maithili Idioms and Proverbs into English
Authors: Mishra Shailendra Kumar
Published: April 2024

Translation of idioms and proverbs presents distinctive challenges due to their cultural and linguistic specificity, requiring strategies that go beyond literal translation to convey their intended meaning accurately. This study explores the translation strategies and challenges encountered in translating Maithili idioms and proverbs into English. Drawing from the Longman Dictionary of English Idioms and Larson's definition of idioms, present article highlights the significance of idiomatic expressions in preserving cultural shades and emotional connotations. Through an analysis of idiomatic expressions from Maithili literature and their English translations, the study examines the methods employed in translating these cultural artifacts. Utilizing Baker's framework, the article discusses various translation techniques and emphasizes the importance of context in conveying the essence of idiomatic expressions. The findings underscore the complexities involved in translating idioms, urging translators to prioritize conveying meaning over literal interpretation and to provide additional context when direct equivalence is lacking.
Restoration of posterior tooth with single shade composite: A case series
Authors: Muhamad Halil Mohd Haikal , Abdul Shukur Nur Dini , Abdul Hamid Nor Salsabila Hanis , Kamaruzaman Syahirah Aisyah
Published: April 2024

Composite restoration is a popular material to restore tooth structure due to dental caries as there is an increasing demand for aesthetic restoration. With the advancing technologies, it has excellent physical characteristics which increases its longevity. However, the appropriate case selection also influences the outcome as composite is technique sensitive. This material can be offered to patient seeking less time-consuming procedure, better preservation of tooth structure, affordable but acceptable aesthetic outcome. These three cases presented shows the possibility of creating a good aesthetic result in posterior tooth restoration with the use of single shade composite.
أثر جودة حياة العمل لتنمية الاستغراق الوظيفي دراسة ميدانية بالتطبيق على وزارة الرياضة في المملكة العربية السعودية
Authors: آل قذلة سميرة عبد الله حسين
Published: April 2024

الأهداف: تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى توضيح تأثير جودة حياة العمل كنمط إداري حديث بأبعاده المتمثلة في (عدالة نظام الأجور والمكافآت، الأمان الوظيفي، المشاركة في القرارات) على تنمية سلوك الاستغراق الوظيفي لدى الموظفين في وزارة الرياضة السعودية. المنهجية: لتحقيق هذا الهدف اعتمدت الباحثة على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وعليه قامت بتصميم استبانة لاختبار فروض الدراسة باستخدام عينة عشوائية بسيطة بلغ عددها (96) مفردة، وزعت على الموظفين العاملين بوزارة الرياضة السعودية. استخدمت الباحثة برنامج التحليل الإحصائي SPSS لتحليل بيانات الدراسة، ومناقشة النتائج. النتائج: توصلت الدراسة إلى عدد من النتائج أبرزها: أن جودة حياة العمل تساهم بشكل إيجابي في تنمية سلوك الاستغراق الوظيفي للموظفين، كما أظهرت الدراسة أن هناك أثر إيجابي لبعد المشاركة في القرارات وبعد الأمان الوظيفي على سلوك الاستغراق الوظيفي لموظفي وزارة الرياضة السعودية. بينما لم تثبت النتائج وجود أثر لبعد عدالة نظام الأجور والمكافآت على تنمية الاستغراق الوظيفيِ. الخلاصة: أوصت الباحثة بضرورة أن تحرص المنظمة على مشاركة الموظفين في اتخاذ القرارات وذلك لارتباطه بأهداف المنظمة. كما توصي الدراسة بأهمية توفير بيئة عمل آمنة وصحية لأنها تعد من أهم عناصر جودة حياة العمل.
Productive Innovation or Disruptive Irritation: An Exploration of Stakeholder Perspective on Remote Work in the Institutes of Higher learning in Zimbabwe (A Case of Midlands State University)
Authors: Madzivanyika George , Tshuma Kindness , Chiriseri Esther , Mfandaidza Ndabezinhle
Published: April 2024

Objective: The major objective of this study was to establish whether remote work was yielding positive results in the Institutions of higher learning. In order to achieve the major objective, the study explored the advantages of remote work and the challenges that are associated with remote work. Furthermore, the study explored some intervention mechanisms that may be can be implemented to support remote work. Method: In order to achieve the research objectives, the study adopted the qualitative study, using a case study design. Convenience sampling methods was adopted to come up with a sample of 45 participants that would be interviewed. Face to face interviews were conducted using semi-structured interviews. Result: After data collection and analysis, the study results showed that remote work enables employee flexibility, employee autonomy, increased employee productivity as well as cost savings. The results of the study also showed that remote work also comes with its own challenges such as isolation, role conflict and technological challenges. Furthermore, the study found that there are some intervention mechanisms that can be employed to support remote working in the institutions of higher learning. The intervention mechanisms include training, technological infrastructure, data access and mental health care. Conclusion: Conclusions from the study indicate that remote work is viable and beneficial at MSU. However, the study also established that remote work has its own challenges. The study concluded that the challenges can be mitigated by some intervention mechanisms.