bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study of the Impact of an Educational Intervention on Nurse Attitudes and Behaviours toward Mobile Device Use in Hospital Settings
Authors: Giles-Smith Lori , Spencer Andrea , Shaw Christine , Porter Ceceile , Lobchuk Michelle
Published: May 2017

Introduction: Mobile applications (apps) provide nurses with evidence-based information at the bedside. Librarians encourage app use by purchasing licenses and promoting their features. While many high-quality nursing apps exist, there is inconsistency in published reports on whether nurses use them in patient care. The aim of this research is to describe the use of mobile apps by nurses at two urban hospitals and to examine the impact of educational sessions led by hospital librarians and educators on nurse usage, attitudes and behaviour as they relate to mobile apps.Methods: Phase I consisted of a descriptive, cross-sectional survey of in-patient nurses to determine mobile app use and attitudes. Phase II involved a one-group pre/post-test design to examine the impact of education sessions led by librarians and hospital educators on nurse attitudes, usage and behaviours. A post-intervention focus group captured thoughts on using mobile apps at the bedside.Results: Results indicate that most nurses who have a personal mobile device are interested in using them at the bedside though few are currently doing so. While nurses cite many conveniences and uses, they also highlight a number of barriers associated with using mobile devices that must be addressed in order to realize the benefits in patient-centred care.Discussion: Hospital librarians and educators should work together to provide the education and support nurses require to realize the benefits of using apps at the bedside. Larger studies are needed to determine the impact of educational sessions on patient and health provider satisfaction with mobile device use.
Collaborative Grant-Seeking: A Practical Guide for Librarians
Authors: Romund Grace
Published: May 2017

According to Bess G. de Farber in Collaborative grant-seeking: a practical guide for librarians, grant-seeking is an important tool for librarians who strive to respond to constantly changing library and information landscapes. She holds the opinion that grants are untapped resources and opportunities for librarians to improve the quality of service and programming in their libraries. She emphasizes not only the importance of developing competences in grant-writing for library-specific projects, but also librarians are better able to serve their clients who are grant-seeking when they themselves have a better understanding of grant-seeking.
Лексика села Стриганці як об’єкт
лексикографічного опрацювання. К. 2
(Капíтанка – кня́жна)
Authors: Ostash Lyubov , Ostash Roman
Published: May 2017

New approaches to lexicographical processing of modern speech lexis of residents of
a separate village are suggested in the article. Onyms along with appellative lexis are
introduced into the vocabulary (surnames, street nicknames, microtoponyms). Common
phrases are also presented in addition to idioms. The dialect of the village of Stryhantsi
of Tysmenytsya district, Ivano-Frankivsk region was chosen as the subject of the research.
The article contains the second part of lexemes that begin with К letter (Капíтанка –
кня́жна). Each dictionary entry provides the maximum number of example – quotations
in the vernacular dialectal speech, in particularly, in the meanings which may diff er from
the meanings of the given lexeme in the literary language. Some lexemes are of a considerable
interest for those researching historical grammar of the Ukrainian language. Common
phrases are also presented in addition to idioms.
Подорож „своїм” простором як спосіб конструювання національної ідентичності (на матеріалі онлайн-тревелогів Б. Логвиненка та А. Чапая)
Authors: Kalynyushko Olesya
Published: May 2017

The article attempts to analyse B. Lohvynenko’s and A. Chapai’s online-travelogues. The specifi city of the character-traveller endowed with the transcultural identity within the boundaries of their country under the conditions of globalized society has been traced. The occurrence of the opposition “own / strange” in the wanderings of B. Lohvynenko and A. Chapai has been investigated. Other ways of construing travellers’ national identity have been shown. The formation of the traveller’s national identity in B. Lohvynenko’s travelogue by means of national stereotypes cultivation has been analysed. Moreover, the construction of the character’s identity in A. Chapai’s travel-blog by the destruction of stereotypes has been considered.
A revision of Ichneumonopsis Hardy, 1973 (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae: Gastrozonini), Oriental bamboo-shoot fruit flies
Authors: Freidberg Amnon , Kovac Damir , Shiao Shiuh-Feng
Published: May 2017

Ichneumonopsis Hardy,1973, a genus of oriental fruit flies, is revised and two new species, I. hancocki sp. nov. (from Peninsular Malaysia) and I. taiwanensis sp. nov. (from Taiwan), are described. A key to the three species of Ichneumonopsis is presented. In northern Thailand larvae of I. burmensis Hardy, 1973 develop in bamboo shoots of Pseudoxytenanthera albociliata (Munro) Nguyen and Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxburgh) Nees (Poaceae), not Melocalamus compactiflorus as previously reported. The recently discovered association of I. burmensis with bamboo substantiates our previous assumption assigning Ichneumonopsis to the primarily bamboo-inhabiting tribe Gastrozonini. Hence, we synonymize Ichneumonopsidini under Gastrozonini (syn. nov.).
Mongo Beti et l’énigme du retour
Authors: Kom Ambroise
Published: May 2017

Pendant ses 32 ans d’exil en France, Mongo Beti n’a cessé d’agir et de publier en fonction de son pays et d’un retour virtuel au Cameroun. Effectivement revenu en 1991, il devient certes une icône de l’opposition intellectuelle au régime en place, la coqueluche des médias et un acteur singulier du développement social, économique et culturel. Mais il subit aussi une forme de rejet et n’échappe pas à l’incompréhension. La présente étude a pour objectif de montrer combien il peut être illusoire de songer à communier harmonieusement avec ses compatriotes après avoir passé l’essentiel de sa vie dans un tout autre environnement socio-culturel.
Mongo Beti : les ultimes défis d’un ancien combattant (1990-2000)
Authors: Kemedjio Cilas
Published: May 2017

Le retour de Mongo Beti au Cameroun et sa confrontation avec la réalité de son pays ont profondément influencé ses analyses. Plongé dans la banalité de la vie quotidienne, l’auteur a ouvert une discussion féconde, même si elle a parfois été contestée, sur des sujets tels que les manifestations étudiantes de Yaoundé (au début des années 1990) ou le poids important accordé à l’ethnie en politique. Pour que ces discussions soient porteuses de sens, pour lui comme pour le public auquel il s’adressait, Mongo Beti, après des années d’exil qui l’avaient rendu étranger à son pays, a réappris la langue de la tribu. Cette attitude d’humilité a notamment permis à sa pensée d’évoluer, s’éloignant d’une dénonciation récurrente, voire dogmatique, des élites politiques corrompues pour embrasser ce que j’appellerais une posture éthique. Les échanges avec les étudiants en grève ont conforté Mongo Beti dans l’idée que la nouvelle génération saurait continuer les combats qu’il menait lui-même.
Mongo Beti de retour d’exil : du roman-feuilleton au roman
Authors: Mokam Yvonne-Marie
Published: May 2017

En 1998, M. Pius Njawé, directeur de publication du journal Le Messager, fut emprisonné pour avoir diffusé de « fausses informations » à propos de la santé du Président du Cameroun. Mongo Beti décida de publier son roman Mystères en vrac sur la ville pour soutenir ce pionnier de la presse indépendante, défenseur de la liberté d’expression depuis sa fondation en 1979. Mon article a pour but : 1) de passer en revue les stratégies d’écriture qui ont rendu cette publication en feuilleton possible malgré le fait que cette oeuvre de fiction n’était pas conçue au départ pour ce genre littéraire ; 2) d’examiner les procédures mises en place par l’éditeur pour susciter et pour maintenir l’intérêt des lecteurs ; 3) de déterminer quelles modifications ont été faites ensuite lors de la transformation du feuilleton en roman sous le titre Trop de soleil tue l’amour.
Aliénation et appartenance dans l’écriture de Mongo Beti après son retour au Cameroun
Authors: Taoua Phyllis
Published: May 2017

Dans cet essai, je considère le retour de Mongo Beti au Cameroun après son exil en France comme une expérience d’aliénation que l’auteur cherche à surmonter en raison de son besoin d’appartenance à sa communauté d’origine. Si les conséquences de son éloignement et la souffrance de se sentir marginalisé dans une société soumise à la dictature sont bien compréhensibles, il faut cependant reconnaître que l’aliénation est aussi une source de motivation, un dilemme à dépasser et une interpellation à laquelle répondre. La volonté de dépassement de Mongo Beti est justement liée à sa croyance d’appartenir à un projet plus vaste que sa personne : celui d’une véritable libération nationale, d’une lutte pour la démocratie et l’avènement de la justice sociale.
Reproducible diagnostic metabolites in plasma from typhoid fever patients in Asia and Africa
Authors: Näsström Elin , Parry Christopher M , Vu Thieu Nga Tran , Maude Rapeephan R , de Jong Hanna K , Fukushima Masako , Rzhepishevska Olena , Marks Florian , Panzner Ursula , Im Justin , Jeon Hyonjin , Park Seeun , Chaudhury Zabeen , Ghose Aniruddha , Samad Rasheda , Van Tan Trinh , Johansson Anders , Dondorp Arjen M , Thwaites Guy E , Faiz Abul , Antti Henrik , Baker Stephen
Published: May 2017

Salmonella Typhi is the causative agent of typhoid. Typhoid is diagnosed by blood culture, a method that lacks sensitivity, portability and speed. We have previously shown that specific metabolomic profiles can be detected in the blood of typhoid patients from Nepal (Näsström et al., 2014). Here, we performed mass spectrometry on plasma from Bangladeshi and Senegalese patients with culture confirmed typhoid fever, clinically suspected typhoid, and other febrile diseases including malaria. After applying supervised pattern recognition modelling, we could significantly distinguish metabolite profiles in plasma from the culture confirmed typhoid patients. After comparing the direction of change and degree of multivariate significance, we identified 24 metabolites that were consistently up- or down regulated in a further Bangladeshi/Senegalese validation cohort, and the Nepali cohort from our previous work. We have identified and validated a metabolite panel that can distinguish typhoid from other febrile diseases, providing a new approach for typhoid diagnostics.
Super-resolution imaging of a 2.5 kb non-repetitive DNA in situ in the nuclear genome using molecular beacon probes
Authors: Ni Yanxiang , Cao Bo , Ma Tszshan , Niu Gang , Huo Yingdong , Huang Jiandong , Chen Danni , Liu Yi , Yu Bin , Zhang Michael Q , Niu Hanben
Published: May 2017

High-resolution visualization of short non-repetitive DNA in situ in the nuclear genome is essential for studying looping interactions and chromatin organization in single cells. Recent advances in fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using Oligopaint probes have enabled super-resolution imaging of genomic domains with a resolution limit of 4.9 kb. To target shorter elements, we developed a simple FISH method that uses molecular beacon (MB) probes to facilitate the probe-target binding, while minimizing non-specific fluorescence. We used three-dimensional stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (3D-STORM) with optimized imaging conditions to efficiently distinguish sparsely distributed Alexa-647 from background cellular autofluorescence. Utilizing 3D-STORM and only 29–34 individual MB probes, we observed 3D fine-scale nanostructures of 2.5 kb integrated or endogenous unique DNA in situ in human or mouse genome, respectively. We demonstrated our MB-based FISH method was capable of visualizing the so far shortest non-repetitive genomic sequence in 3D at super-resolution.
The age of Homo naledi and associated sediments in the Rising Star Cave, South Africa
Authors: Dirks Paul HGM , Roberts Eric M , Hilbert-Wolf Hannah , Kramers Jan D , Hawks John , Dosseto Anthony , Duval Mathieu , Elliott Marina , Evans Mary , Grün Rainer , Hellstrom John , Herries Andy IR , Joannes-Boyau Renaud , Makhubela Tebogo V , Placzek Christa J , Robbins Jessie , Spandler Carl , Wiersma Jelle , Woodhead Jon , Berger Lee R
Published: May 2017

New ages for flowstone, sediments and fossil bones from the Dinaledi Chamber are presented. We combined optically stimulated luminescence dating of sediments with U-Th and palaeomagnetic analyses of flowstones to establish that all sediments containing Homo naledi fossils can be allocated to a single stratigraphic entity (sub-unit 3b), interpreted to be deposited between 236 ka and 414 ka. This result has been confirmed independently by dating three H. naledi teeth with combined U-series and electron spin resonance (US-ESR) dating. Two dating scenarios for the fossils were tested by varying the assumed levels of 222Rn loss in the encasing sediments: a maximum age scenario provides an average age for the two least altered fossil teeth of 253 +82/–70 ka, whilst a minimum age scenario yields an average age of 200 +70/–61 ka. We consider the maximum age scenario to more closely reflect conditions in the cave, and therefore, the true age of the fossils. By combining the US-ESR maximum age estimate obtained from the teeth, with the U-Th age for the oldest flowstone overlying Homo naledi fossils, we have constrained the depositional age of Homo naledi to a period between 236 ka and 335 ka. These age results demonstrate that a morphologically primitive hominin, Homo naledi, survived into the later parts of the Pleistocene in Africa, and indicate a much younger age for the Homo naledi fossils than have previously been hypothesized based on their morphology.
New fossil remains of Homo naledi from the Lesedi Chamber, South Africa
Authors: Hawks John , Elliott Marina , Schmid Peter , Churchill Steven E , Ruiter Darryl J de , Roberts Eric M , Hilbert-Wolf Hannah , Garvin Heather M , Williams Scott A , Delezene Lucas K , Feuerriegel Elen M , Randolph-Quinney Patrick , Kivell Tracy L , Laird Myra F , Tawane Gaokgatlhe , DeSilva Jeremy M , Bailey Shara E , Brophy Juliet K , Meyer Marc R , Skinner Matthew M , Tocheri Matthew W , VanSickle Caroline , Walker Christopher S , Campbell Timothy L , Kuhn Brian , Kruger Ashley , Tucker Steven , Gurtov Alia , Hlophe Nompumelelo , Hunter Rick , Morris Hannah , Peixotto Becca , Ramalepa Maropeng , Rooyen Dirk van , Tsikoane Mathabela , Boshoff Pedro , Dirks Paul HGM , Berger Lee R
Published: May 2017

The Rising Star cave system has produced abundant fossil hominin remains within the Dinaledi Chamber, representing a minimum of 15 individuals attributed to Homo naledi. Further exploration led to the discovery of hominin material, now comprising 131 hominin specimens, within a second chamber, the Lesedi Chamber. The Lesedi Chamber is far separated from the Dinaledi Chamber within the Rising Star cave system, and represents a second depositional context for hominin remains. In each of three collection areas within the Lesedi Chamber, diagnostic skeletal material allows a clear attribution to H. naledi. Both adult and immature material is present. The hominin remains represent at least three individuals based upon duplication of elements, but more individuals are likely present based upon the spatial context. The most significant specimen is the near-complete cranium of a large individual, designated LES1, with an endocranial volume of approximately 610 ml and associated postcranial remains. The Lesedi Chamber skeletal sample extends our knowledge of the morphology and variation of H. naledi, and evidence of H. naledi from both recovery localities shows a consistent pattern of differentiation from other hominin species.
New opportunities rising
Authors: Thompson Jessica C
Published: May 2017

More fossil specimens and an eagerly awaited age for Homo naledi raise new questions and open fresh opportunities for paleoanthropologists.
Stopping chromosomes from breaking bad
Authors: Sandhu Rima , Börner G Valentin
Published: May 2017

The scaffolding that holds chromosome pairs together plays a key role in limiting the levels of double-strand breaks.
Challenging Issues in Translating Conversational Implicature from English into Arabic
Authors: Al-Shawi Muna Ahmad , Tengku Mahadi Tengku Sepora
Published: May 2017

Conversational implicature is known as an additional meaning indirectly implicated by saying another thing. In this sense, the aim of this paper is to discuss the problems of translating conversational implicature from English into Arabic. the data is selected from two English literary works; Lord of the Flies and Nineteen Eighty-Four along with their Arabic translation. Two theoretical frameworks are implemented for the descriptive analysis of the selected texts, Skopos approach and Grice’s Implicature. These two theories, along with their rules, provide appropriate standards to measure the accuracy of such translations from English language into Arabic. The analyses reveal that the translators encountered problems and obstacles during the translation into Arabic for several reasons, including linguistic, social and cultural. therefore, the translators followed different approaches and techniques to achieve consistent coherent Arabic text, equivalent to that of the original. In conclusion, the study illustrates that both theories are successful and applicable at varying levels, in translating conversational implicature from English into Arabic. Nevertheless, Grice’s approach is more successful in translating the conversational imlicatures within the framework of this study. Accordingly, this study answers all the designed questions.
Direct evidence of megamammal-carnivore interaction decoded from bone marks in historical fossil collections from the Pampean region
Authors: Chichkoyan Karina Vanesa , Figueirido Borja , Belinchón Margarita , Lanata José Luis , Moigne Anne-Marie , Martínez-Navarro Bienvenido
Published: May 2017

Pleistocene South American megafauna has traditionally attracted the interest of scientists and the popular media alike. However, ecological interactions between the species that inhabited these ecosystems, such as predator-prey relationships or interspecific competition, are poorly known. To this regard, carnivore marks imprinted on the fossil bones of megamammal remains are very useful for deciphering biological activity and, hence, potential interspecific relationships among taxa. In this article, we study historical fossil collections housed in different European and Argentinean museums that were excavated during the 19th and early 20th centuries in the Pampean region, Argentina, in order to detect carnivore marks on bones of megamammals and provide crucial information on the ecological relationships between South American taxa during the Pleistocene. Our results indicate that the long bones of megafauna from the Pampean region (e.g., the Mylodontidae and Toxodontidae families) exhibit carnivore marks. Furthermore, long bones of medium-sized species and indeterminate bones also present punctures, pits, scores and fractures. Members of the large-carnivore guild, such as ursids, canids and even felids, are recognised as the main agents that inflicted the marks. We hypothesize that the analysed carnivore marks represent the last stages of megaherbivore carcass exploitation, suggesting full consumption of these animals by the same or multiple taxa in a hunting and/or scavenging scenario. Moreover, our observations provide novel insights that help further our understanding of the palaeoecological relationships of these unique communities of megamammals.
A public dataset of running biomechanics and the effects of running speed on lower extremity kinematics and kinetics
Authors: Fukuchi Reginaldo K. , Fukuchi Claudiane A. , Duarte Marcos
Published: May 2017

Background

The goals of this study were (1) to present the set of data evaluating running biomechanics (kinematics and kinetics), including data on running habits, demographics, and levels of muscle strength and flexibility made available at Figshare (DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.4543435); and (2) to examine the effect of running speed on selected gait-biomechanics variables related to both running injuries and running economy.

Methods

The lower-extremity kinematics and kinetics data of 28 regular runners were collected using a three-dimensional (3D) motion-capture system and an instrumented treadmill while the subjects ran at 2.5 m/s, 3.5 m/s, and 4.5 m/s wearing standard neutral shoes.

Results

A dataset comprising raw and processed kinematics and kinetics signals pertaining to this experiment is available in various file formats. In addition, a file of metadata, including demographics, running characteristics, foot-strike patterns, and muscle strength and flexibility measurements is provided. Overall, there was an effect of running speed on most of the gait-biomechanics variables selected for this study. However, the foot-strike patterns were not affected by running speed.

Discussion

Several applications of this dataset can be anticipated, including testing new methods of data reduction and variable selection; for educational purposes; and answering specific research questions. This last application was exemplified in the study’s second objective.
Corrigendum / Erratum / Retraction
Authors: Istadi Istadi
Published: May 2017

RETRACTION TO:Dhal, G.C., Dey, S., Prasad, R., Mohan, D. (2017). Simultaneous Elimination of Soot and NOX through Silver-Barium Based Catalytic Materials. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 12 (1): 71-80 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.12.1.647.71-80)This article has been retracted by Publisher based on the following reason:Letter to Editor from Prof. James J. Spivey (Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University) who reported that a comparison of this paper with a previously paper published in Catalysis Today (258 (2015) 405-415, doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2015.02.024) shows significant duplication according to analysis by iThenticate shows 73% similarity, which is far more than acceptable. The authors have plagiarized part of the paper that had already published in [Catalysis Today (258 (2015) 405-415, doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2015.02.024)]. Based on clarification via email, Authors of the above paper have admitted their plagiarism to the previously published paper by Catalysis Today.Editor of Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis acknowledged Prof. James J. Spivey due to the valuable Letter to Editor.One of the conditions of submission of a paper for publication in this journal is that authors declare explicitly that their work is original and has not appeared in a publication elsewhere. Re-use of any data should be appropriately cited. As such this article represents a severe abuse of the scientific publishing system. The scientific community takes a very strong view on this matter and apologies are offered to readers of the journal that this was not detected during the submission process.
A Review on Catalytic Membranes Production and Applications
Authors: Abdallah Heba
Published: May 2017

The development of the chemical industry regarding reducing the production cost and obtaining a high-quality product with low environmental impact became the essential requirements of the world in these days. The catalytic membrane is considered as one of the new alternative solutions of catalysts problems in the industries, where the reaction and separation can be amalgamated in one unit. The catalytic membrane has numerous advantages such as breaking the thermodynamic equilibrium limitation, increasing conversion rate, reducing the recycle and separation costs. But the limitation or most disadvantages of catalytic membranes related to the high capital costs for fabrication or the fact that manufacturing process is still under development. This review article summarizes the most recent advances and research activities related to preparation, characterization, and applications of catalytic membranes. In this article, various types of catalytic membranes are displayed with different applications and explained the positive impacts of using catalytic membranes in various reactions.
Hydrocracking of Cerbera manghas Oil with Co-Ni/HZSM-5 as Double Promoted Catalyst
Authors: Marlinda Lenny , Al-Muttaqii Muhammad , Gunardi Ignatius , Roesyadi Achmad , Prajitno Danawati Hari
Published: May 2017

The effect of various reaction temperature on the hydrocracking of Cerbera manghas oil to produce a paraffin-rich mixture of hydrocarbons with Co-Ni/HZSM-5 as doubled promoted catalyst were studied. The Co-Ni/HZSM-5 catalyst with various metal loading and metal ratio was prepared by incipient wetness impregnation. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, AAS, and N2 adsorption-desorption. Surface area, pore diameter, and pore volume of catalysts decreased with the increasing of metals loading. The hydrocracking process was conducted under hydrogen initial pressure in batch reactor equipped with a mechanical stirrer. The reaction was carried out at a temperature of 300-375 oC for 2 h.  Depending on the experimental condition, the reaction pressure changed between 10 bar and 15 bar.   Several parameters were used to evaluate biofuel produced, including oxygen removal, hydrocarbon composition and gasoline/kerosene/diesel yields. Biofuel was analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic (FTIR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The composition of hydrocarbon compounds in liquid products was similar to the compounds in the gasoil sold in unit of Pertamina Gas Stations, namely pentadecane, hexadecane, heptadecane, octadecane, and nonadecane with different amounts for each biofuel produced at different reaction temperatures. However, isoparaffin compounds were not formed at all operating conditions. Pentadecane (n-C15) and heptadecane (n-C17) were the most abundant composition in gasoil when Co-Ni/HZSM-5 catalyst was used. Cerbera Manghas oil can be recommended as the source of non-edible vegetable oil to produce gasoil as an environmentally friendly transportation fuel.
Partial Oxidation of Propylene over as Prepared and Acid Enriched Bi2Mo1-xWxO6 System
Authors: Parab Shambhu Sakharam , Naik S.J. , Salker A.V.
Published: May 2017

The compounds Bi2Mo1-xWxO6 (x = 0.0, 0.2, and 0.4) were obtained through a Citrate sol-gel process. Thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques were used for characterization. Reitveld refinement of the XRD data confirmed the crystal structure of all the compositions to be orthorhombic, having Pca21 space group. XPS studies indicated the presence of +6 as well as +4 oxidation state for Mo. Surface acid enrichment of all the catalysts was done and monitored by NH3-TPD studies. Partial oxidation of propylene was studied over all the compounds. The W doping was found to increase the catalytic activity. Moreover, as-prepared catalysts and acid enriched catalysts were compared for their catalytic activity wherein, acid-enriched catalysts showed the improved conversion of propylene without hampering the product selectivity profile.
Synthesis of SnO2 Nanoparticles by High Potential Electrolysis
Authors: Kurniawan Fredy , Rahmi Rahmi
Published: May 2017

SnO2 nanoparticles have been synthesized by high voltage electrolysis. Tin bare was used for anode and cathode. The effect of potentials and electrolyte were studied. The particles obtained after electrolysis was characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The diffractogram is in agreement with the standard diffraction pattern of SnO2 which is identified as tetragonal structure. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrum indicates that there is a vibration of Sn–O asymmetric at 580 cm-1. The optimum potential for SnO2 nanoparticles synthesis is 60 V at 0.06 M HCl which shows the highest UV-Vis spectrum. The absorption peak of SnO2 nanoparticles by UV-Vis spectrophotometer appears at about 207 nm. The particle size analysis shows that the SnO2 nanoparticles obtained have the size distribution in a range of 25-150 nm with the highest volume at 83.11 nm.
Hydrotalcite Catalyst for Hydrocracking Calophyllum inophyllum Oil to Biofuel: A Comparative Study with and without Nickel Impregnation
Authors: Hafshah Hafshah , Prajitno Danawati Hari , Roesyadi Achmad
Published: May 2017

This research aims to study the effect of nickel impregnation into hydrotalcite catalyst that use to convert Calophyllum inophyllum oil into biofuel through hydrocracking process. Hydrocracking process was carried out under mild condition (350 °C and 20 bar) for two hours in a slurry batch reactor. The adding nickel affected the reaction conversion, yield, and selectivity of gasoil. The process of oxygen removal from the compounds in the oil was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and the compositions of the products were determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The results of the study successfully proved that nickel impregnated into hydrotalcite catalyst increased the conversion, yield, and selectivity of gasoil up to 98.57 %, 54.15 %, and 81.31 %, respectively.
Performance of Platinum Nanoparticles / Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes / Bacterial Cellulose Composite as Anode Catalyst for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Aritonang Henry Fonda , Kamu Vanda Selvana , Ciptati Ciptati , Onggo Djulia , Radiman Cynthia L.
Published: May 2017

Highly dispersed platinum (Pt) nanoparticles / multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on bacterial cellulose (BC) as anode catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) were prepared with various precursors and their electro-catalytic activities towards hydrogen oxidation at 70 oC under non-humidified conditions. The composite was prepared by deposition of Pt nanoparticles and MWCNTs on BC gel by impregnation method using a water solution of metal precursors and MWCNTs followed by reducing reaction using a hydrogen gas. The composite was characterized by using TEM (transmission electron microscopy), EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy), and XRD (X-ray diffractometry) techniques. TEM images and XRD patterns both lead to the observation of spherical metallic Pt nanoparticles with mean diameter of 3-11 nm well impregnated into the BC fibrils. Preliminary tests on a single cell indicate that renewable BC is a good prospect to be explored as a membrane in fuel cell field.
Synthesis of SrO.SiO2 Catalyst and Its Application in the Transesterification Reactions of Soybean Oil
Authors: Widiarti Nuni , Suryana Lisa Amalia , Wijayati Nanik , Rahayu Endah Fitriani , Harjito Harjito , Wardhana Samuel Budi , Prasetyoko Didik , Suprapto Suprapto
Published: May 2017

The synthesis and characterization of SrO.SiO2 were carried out. The rice hull ash was utilized as a source for SiO2. The SrO.SiO2 was prepared by sol-gel technique, and the ratios of SrO:SiO2 were      varied as 0:1, 1:0, 3:2, 2:4, and 2:7. The sol-gel was calcined at 800 oC for 4 hours. The result was    characterized using XRD and FTIR. The diffraction pattern shows that the diffraction angle was shifted, and the intensity of the main peaks was increased. This research indicated that the            crystallinity of SrO was improved at the higher SiO content. Further, a new peak was observed in the IR spectra at a wavenumber of 900 cm-1 indicating the appearance of new functional groups of the SrO.SiO2. The catalytic activity of SrO.SiO2 on transesterification reaction was optimized. The optimum condition was obtained at SrO.SiO2 of 2:7, reaction time of 30 minutes, reaction temperature of 65 oC, the amount of catalyst of 1 % w/v of reactants, and the biodiesel yield of 96.66 %.
Biodiesel Production from Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum) Oil using Ionic Liquid as A Catalyst and Microwave Heating System
Authors: Handayani Prima Astuti , Abdullah Abdullah , Hadiyanto Hadiyanto
Published: May 2017

Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum) is a typical Indonesian plant. Its seed contains abundant inedible oil, and therefore it is potential for biodiesel feedstock. The current issues of biodiesel are longer  reaction time of oil to biodiesel through transesterification reaction and lower biodiesel yield due to ineffective use of a homogenous catalyst. This work was aimed to use an ionic liquid as a catalyst and equipped with microwave heating as the heating system in order to increase the biodiesel yield and accelerate the process. Effects of the catalyst concentration and power of microwave irradiation to the biodiesel yield were studied. The ionic liquid of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate (BMIMHSO4) was used as a catalyst. The results showed that the highest biodiesel yield was achieved of 92.81% which was catalyzed by IL0.5NaOH0.5 (0.5 wt.% (BMIMHSO4) + 0.5 wt.% NaOH) with a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 9, a reaction time of 6 minutes, and the microwave temperature was 60 °C.
Kinetics of the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Sweet Cassava Starch and Bitter Cassava Flour and Gadung (Dioscorea hispida Dennst) Flour at Low Temperature
Authors: Hargono Hargono , Jos Bakti , Kumoro Andri Cahyo
Published: May 2017

Starch is a potential substrate for this purpose, but the extra cost is needed to hydrolyze it into reducing sugar. As an alternative to the expensive and energy demanding conventional hydrolysis process, the low-temperature hydrolysis is being studied. Granular Starch Hydrolysing Enzyme (GSHE) was used in the process to degrade starch into reducing sugar at 30°C and pH 4. The substrates included bitter cassava flour, sweet cassava starch, and gadung flour. Starch concentrations studied were 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, and 400 g/L, respectively, while concentration of enzyme was 1.5 % (w/w). The optimum condition of the process was hydrolysis using 200 g/L of substrate concentration and enzyme  concentration of 1.5% for 12 h. It was found that the reducing sugar was  49.3  g/L and the productivity of reducing sugar (Qrs) was 4.11 (gL-1 h-1).   Lineweaver-Burk plot of Michaelis-Menten equation was used to study the inhibition kinetics. The Michaelis-Menten constants (Km)  for these three substrates were determined as 141.64 g/L, 137,64 g/L and 140.84 g/L for bitter cassava flour, sweet cassava starch, and gadung flour, respectively. The value of  Vm/Km, which denotes the affinity of the enzyme to the substrate, were determined and compared, and the result showed that the affinity (Vm) to the enzyme to this substrate followed  the order of sweet cassava starch˃ bitter cassava flour˃ gadung flour, and all are non-competitive inhibitor, while the  Ki value was 0.022 h -1.
Tonoplast (BvTIP1;2) and plasma membrane (BvPIP2;1) aquaporins show different mechanosensitive properties
Authors: Goldman Ramiro P. , Jozefkowicz Cintia , Canessa Fortuna Agustina , Sutka Moira , Alleva Karina , Ozu Marcelo
Published: May 2017

Previous works proposed that aquaporins behave as mechanosensitive channels. However, principal issues about mechanosensitivity of aquaporins are not known. In this work, we characterized the mechanosensitive properties of the water channels BvTIP1;2 (TIP1) and BvPIP2;1 (PIP2) from red beet (Beta vulgaris). We simultaneously measured the mechanical behavior and the water transport rates during the osmotic response of emptied‐out oocytes expressing TIP1 or PIP2. Our results indicate that TIP1 is a mechanosensitive aquaporin, whereas PIP2 is not. We found that a single exponential function between the osmotic permeability coefficient and the volumetric elastic modulus governs the mechanosensitivity of TIP1. Finally, homology modeling analysis indicates that putative residues involved in mechanosensitivity show different quantity and distribution in TIP1 and PIP2.
Panitumumab interaction with TAS‐102 leads to combinational anticancer effects via blocking of EGFR‐mediated tumor response to trifluridine
Authors: Baba Yuji , Tamura Toshiya , Satoh Yoshihiko , Gotou Masamitsu , Sawada Hiroshi , Ebara Shunsuke , Shibuya Kazunori , Soeda Jumpei , Nakamura Kazuhide
Published: May 2017

Panitumumab is a monoclonal antibody developed against the human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). TAS‐102 is a novel chemotherapeutic agent containing trifluridine (FTD) as the active cytotoxic component. Both panitumumab and TAS‐102 have been approved for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. In this study, we revealed the mechanism underlying the anticancer effects of panitumumab/TAS‐102 combination using preclinical models. Panitumumab/FTD cotreatment showed additive antiproliferative effects in LIM1215 and synergistic antiproliferative effects in SW48 colon cancer cells. Consistent with the in vitro effects, panitumumab/TAS‐102 combination caused tumor regression in LIM1215 and COL‐01‐JCK colon cancer patient‐derived xenograft models. In LIM1215 cells, FTD induced extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK)/protein kinase B (AKT)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation and subsequent serine/threonine phosphorylation of EGFR, while it had no effects on EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation. Panitumumab and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib reduced the basal level of EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation and reversed FTD‐induced ERK/AKT/STAT3 and EGFR serine/threonine phosphorylation. These results suggested that FTD in combination with the basal activity of EGFR tyrosine kinase induced downstream prosurvival signaling through ERK/AKT/STAT3 phosphorylation. Collectively, we propose that panitumumab interacts with FTD by targeting EGFR‐mediated adaptive responses, thereby exerting anticancer effects when used in combination with TAS‐102. These preclinical findings provide a compelling rationale for evaluating the combination of anti‐EGFR antibodies with TAS‐102 against metastatic colorectal cancer.
Relativistic electron's butterfly pitch angle distribution modulated by localized background magnetic field perturbation driven by hot ring current ions
Authors: Xiong Ying , Chen Lunjin , Xie Lun , Fu Suiyan , Xia Zhiyang , Pu Zuyin
Published: May 2017

Dayside modulated relativistic electron's butterfly pitch angle distributions (PADs) from ∼200 keV to 2.6 MeV were observed by Van Allen Probe B at L = 5.3 on 15 November 2013. They were associated with localized magnetic dip driven by hot ring current ion (60–100 keV proton and 60–200 keV helium and oxygen) injections. We reproduce the electron's butterfly PADs at satellite's location using test particle simulation. The simulation results illustrate that a negative radial flux gradient contributes primarily to the formation of the modulated electron's butterfly PADs through inward transport due to the inductive electric field, while deceleration due to the inductive electric field and pitch angle change also makes in part contribution. We suggest that localized magnetic field perturbation, which is a frequent phenomenon in the magnetosphere during magnetic disturbances, is of great importance for creating electron's butterfly PADs in the Earth's radiation belts.
New suprathermal proton population around the Moon: Observation by SARA on Chandrayaan‐1
Authors: Dhanya M. B. , Bhardwaj Anil , Futaana Yoshifumi , Barabash Stas , Wieser Martin , Holmström Mats , Wurz Peter
Published: May 2017

We report a new population of suprathermal H+ (∼1.5–3 times the solar wind energy) around the Moon observed by Solar Wind Monitor (SWIM)/Sub‐keV Atom Reflecting Analyzer (SARA) on Chandrayaan‐1. These ions have large initial velocity (>100 km s−1) and are observed on the dayside, near the terminator, and in the near‐wake region (100–200 km above the surface), when the Moon is located outside Earth's bow shock. Backtracing suggests that the source is located >500 km above the dayside lunar surface. Possible sources considered for these ions are ionization of backscattered lunar energetic neutral hydrogen atoms, ionization of lunar exospheric hydrogen, inner source pickup ions, interstellar pickup ions, ionization of neutral solar wind, and solar wind H+ reflected from Earth's bow shock. The comparison of the observed flux (density) with that expected from these sources and the velocity distribution suggests that an additional source is required to explain the population.
Fine particle pH during severe haze episodes in northern China
Authors: Liu Mingxu , Song Yu , Zhou Tian , Xu Zhenying , Yan Caiqing , Zheng Mei , Wu Zhijun , Hu Min , Wu Yusheng , Zhu Tong
Published: May 2017

Aerosol acidity plays an important role in atmospheric chemistry. China emits large amounts of SO2, NOx, and NH3 into the atmosphere, but aerosol acidity is poorly characterized. In this study, simultaneous 1 h measurements of particulate and gaseous compositions along with the ISORROPIA‐II thermodynamic equilibrium model were used to study aerosol acidity during severe haze episodes in northern China. The summed concentration of sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium was 135 ± 51 μg/m3 with a maximum of 250 μg/m3, and the gas‐phase NH3 mixing ratio was 22 ± 9 ppb. Fine particles were moderately acidic, with a pH range of 3.0–4.9 and an average of 4.2, which was higher than those in the United States and Europe. Excess NH3 and high aerosol water content are responsible for the relatively lower aerosol acidity. These results suggest that the new pathways for sulfate production in China proposed by recent studies should be revisited.
Equatorial ionospheric electrodynamics during solar flares
Authors: Zhang Ruilong , Liu Libo , Le Huijun , Chen Yiding
Published: May 2017

Previous investigations on ionospheric responses to solar flares focused mainly on the photoionization caused by the increased X‐rays and extreme ultraviolet irradiance. However, little attention was paid to the related electrodynamics. In this letter, we explored the equatorial electric field (EEF) and electrojet (EEJ) in the ionosphere at Jicamarca during flares from 1998 to 2008. It is verified that solar flares increase dayside eastward EEJ but decrease dayside eastward EEF, revealing a negative correlation between EEJ and EEF. The decreased EEF weakens the equatorial fountain effect and depresses the low‐latitude electron density. During flares, the enhancement in the Cowling conductivity may modulate ionospheric dynamo and decrease the EEF. Besides, the decreased EEF is closely related to the enhanced ASY‐H index that qualitatively reflects Region 2 field‐aligned current (R2 FAC). We speculated that solar flares may also decrease EEF through enhancing R2 FAC that leads to an overshielding‐like effect.
Imaging the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikoura, New Zealand, earthquake with teleseismic P waves: A cascading rupture across multiple faults
Authors: Zhang Hao , Koper Keith D. , Pankow Kristine , Ge Zengxi
Published: May 2017

The 13 November 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikoura, New Zealand, earthquake was investigated using teleseismic P waves. Backprojection of high‐frequency P waves from two regional arrays shows unilateral rupture of at least two southwest‐northeast striking faults with an average rupture speed of 1.4–1.6 km/s and total duration of ~100 s. Guided by these backprojection results, 33 globally distributed low‐frequency P waves were inverted for a finite fault model (FFM) of slip. The FFM showed evidence of several subevents; however, it lacked significant moment release near the epicenter, where a large burst of high‐frequency energy was observed. A local strong‐motion network recorded strong shaking near the epicenter; hence, for this earthquake the distribution of backprojection energy is superior to the FFM as a guide of strong shaking. For future large earthquakes that occur in regions without strong‐motion networks, initial shaking estimates could benefit from backprojection constraints.
Blue carbon oxidation revealed by radiogenic and stable isotopes in a mangrove system
Authors: Maher Damien T. , Santos Isaac R. , Schulz Kai G. , Call Mitchell , Jacobsen Geraldine E. , Sanders Christian J.
Published: May 2017

Mangroves are among the most carbon‐rich ecosystems on Earth and can sequester carbon in sediments over long timescales. Here we assess whether century‐old buried carbon may be remineralized and exported by measuring Δ14C in the exported dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) as well as sediment Δ14C profiles in a subtropical mangrove. Pore water exchange released isotopically depleted, old DIC to surface waters. Keeling plots revealed that the source of DIC to surface waters had a δ13C‐DIC value of −29.4 ±1.9‰ and Δ14C‐DIC value of −73±9‰. The respired and exported carbon comes from an average depth of ~40 cm, equivalent to ~100 years of sediment accumulation. Therefore, century‐old sequestered carbon is still susceptible to remineralization and tidal export to the coastal ocean via pore water exchange or submarine groundwater discharge. We suggest that the timescales over which blue carbon burial is assessed should consider carbon losses via pore water exchange.
The nonlinear behavior of whistler waves at the reconnecting dayside magnetopause as observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission: A case study
Authors: Wilder F. D. , Ergun R. E. , Newman D. L. , Goodrich K. A. , Trattner K. J. , Goldman M. V. , Eriksson S. , Jaynes A. N. , Leonard T. , Malaspina D. M. , Ahmadi N. , Schwartz S. J. , Burch J. L. , Torbert R. B. , Argall M. R. , Giles B. L. , Phan T. D. , Le Contel O. , Graham D. B. , Khotyaintsev Yu V. , Strangeway R. J. , Russell C. T. , Magnes W. , Plaschke F. , Lindqvist P.‐A.
Published: May 2017

We show observations of whistler mode waves in both the low‐latitude boundary layer (LLBL) and on closed magnetospheric field lines during a crossing of the dayside reconnecting magnetopause by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission on 11 October 2015. The whistlers in the LLBL were on the electron edge of the magnetospheric separatrix and exhibited high propagation angles with respect to the background field, approaching 40°, with bursty and nonlinear parallel electric field signatures. The whistlers in the closed magnetosphere had Poynting flux that was more field aligned. Comparing the reduced electron distributions for each event, the magnetospheric whistlers appear to be consistent with anisotropy‐driven waves, while the distribution in the LLBL case includes anisotropic backward resonant electrons and a forward resonant beam at near half the electron‐Alfvén speed. Results are compared with the previously published observations by MMS on 19 September 2015 of LLBL whistler waves. The observations suggest that whistlers in the LLBL can be both beam and anisotropy driven, and the relative contribution of each might depend on the distance from the X line.
Short‐term variability of aragonite saturation state in the central Mid‐Atlantic Bight
Authors: Xu Yuan‐Yuan , Cai Wei‐Jun , Gao Yonghui , Wanninkhof Rik , Salisbury Joseph , Chen Baoshan , Reimer Janet J. , Gonski Stephen , Hussain Najid
Published: May 2017

The uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere has resulted in a decrease in seawater aragonite saturation state (Ωarag), which affects the health of carbonate‐bearing organisms and the marine ecosystem. A substantial short‐term variability of surface water Ωarag, with an increase of up to 0.32, was observed in the central Mid‐Atlantic Bight off the Delaware and the Chesapeake Bays over a short period of 10 days in summer 2015. High‐frequency underway measurements for temperature, salinity, percentage saturation of dissolved oxygen, oxygen to argon ratio, pH, fCO2, and measurements based on discrete samples for pH, dissolved inorganic carbon, and total alkalinity are used to investigate how physical and biogeochemical processes contribute to the changes of Ωarag. Quantitative analyses show that physical advection and mixing processes are the dominant forces for higher Ωarag in slope waters while biological carbon removal and CO2 degassing contribute to increased Ωarag in shelf waters.