bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of leaky gut-related markers as indicators of metabolic health in Dutch adults: The Nutrition Questionnaires plus (NQplus) study
Authors: Hoshiko Hiroyuki , Feskens Edith J. M. , Oosterink Els , Ariens Renata M. C. , Mes Jurriaan J. , de Wit Nicole J. W.
Published: June 2021

Background and aim

Chronic inflammation is a primary risk factor for chronic metabolic disease and may be triggered by a “leaky gut.” Several biomarkers have been recognized to indicate intestinal permeability (i.e., leaky gut) and bacterial translocation. Nonetheless, which of these biomarkers exhibit the highest correlation with metabolic health parameters remains unclear. Hence, this study aimed to explore the correlation between leaky gut-related markers and metabolic health.

Methods

Based on waist circumference, plasma fasting glucose, plasma gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), and plasma LDL cholesterol, two groups of 40 subjects with the most extreme metabolic health profiles were selected from the NQplus cohort study (n = 2048), which was previously conducted by the Wageningen University’s Division of Human Nutrition. Eight potential leaky gut-related markers were selected from the literature and measured in serum or EDTA plasma samples of these selected individuals. These samples were also obtained from the NQplus cohort study.

Results

From the leaky gut markers, levels of zonulin, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, soluble CD14, bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein, and peptidoglycan were significantly higher in individuals with unhealthy metabolic profiles (p<0.05). No differences in EndoCAb IgM, EndoCAb IgA, and EndoCAb IgG were observed between healthy and unhealthy individuals. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that zonulin was substantially associated with metabolic health parameters such as BMI, blood glucose, triglyceride, GGT, and C-reactive protein levels. C-reactive protein, an inflammation marker, showed the most pronounced association with zonulin.

Conclusions

Biomarkers that link a leaky gut and subsequent bacterial translocation to metabolic health were identified in this study. Especially zonulin may aid in monitoring a leaky gut and detecting individuals at risk for developing chronic metabolic diseases.
Sex, Drugs & HIV: The Studio Sessions, DVD Box Set
Authors: Bestley Russ
Published: June 2021

Review of: Sex, Drugs & HIV: The Studio Sessions, DVD Box Set

London: Copyright Control Mat Sargent, distributed by Plastichead, £20.00
Spanish Broom Fibres Properties and Extraction for Application in Composites: A Review
Authors: Santulli Carlo , Giampaoli Glenda
Published: June 2021

The development of a number of natural fibre products for textiles was attempted during the period of Italian autarchy (1935–1943) under the direct support of the Fascist regime. Among these was Spanish broom fibre, which derives from the stem of Spartium junceum, a spontaneous plant in large parts of Italy, especially in the Southern region of Calabria. The extraction of the fibre proved cumbersome though, especially for the hardness of the stem. Therefore, different retting processes were developed, mechanical, chemical and also bacterial, in the latter case through the use of Clostridium felsineum, which proved effective to a point, allowing the production of textiles. The historical events linked to the fall of the dictatorship led to some oblivion and also to the possible loss of archive materials. The objective of this review is to elicit ideas and developments concerning an effective extraction and degumming of Spanish broom fibres and evaluate the more recent applications to the field of biocomposites.
Extended measuring depth dual-wavelength Fourier domain optical coherence tomography
Authors: Al-Mohamedi Haroun , Kelly-Pérez Ismael , Oltrup Theo , Cayless Alan , Bende Thomas
Published: June 2021

In this work an enhanced wide range dual band spectral domain optical coherence tomography technique (SD-OCT) is presented to increase the depth and accuracy of the measurement of optical A-scan biometry. The setup uses a Michelson interferometer with two wide-spectrum Superluminescent Diodes (SLD). The emissions of the SLDs are filtered by a long-pass filter (900 nm) in front of the reference mirror. The light is spectrally decomposed using a single reflective diffraction grating (1,800 lines/mm) and the whole spectrum captured with two CCD line sensors. The capabilities of the system have been validated using a self-made human model eye.
Multi-scale evaluation of the effect of saturated steam on the micromechanical properties of Moso bamboo
Authors: Yuan Tiancheng , Wang Zhaoshun , Han Xin , Yuan ZhuRun , Wang XinZhou , Li Yanjun
Published: June 2021

The changes in chemical composition and micro-mechanical properties of Moso Bamboo fiber cells were evaluated by applying saturated steam heat treatment at 160, 170, and 180 °C for periods of 4, 6, and 8 min, and subsequent analysis by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic, and nanoindentation methods. The hemicellulose and cellulose content decreased as expected, while the relative lignin content showed an upward trend. Significant changes in the bamboo micro-structure were detected by scanning electron microscope under the action of high-temperature and saturated steam. Both temperature and time were shown to affect micromechanical properties of the bamboo cell wall. In addition, higher cell wall elastic modulus and hardness were observed (a rise from 16.1 to 19.2 GPa and from 0.6 to 0.8 GPa, respectively), as compared with those of the untreated sample. Meanwhile, the creep ratio decreased after saturated steam heat treatment.
Extractives in Betula celtiberica stemwood and isolation and identification of diarylheptanoids in the hydrophilic extract
Authors: Smeds Annika I. , Herrera René , Rahkila Jani , Willför Stefan M.
Published: June 2021

In Betula celtiberica (Iberian white birch) stemwood, the content and composition of lipophilic and hydrophilic extractives were determined; these have not been reported previously in this species. The total gravimetric amount of extractives was 2.2% of dry wood, of which lipophilic extractives accounted for 0.39% and hydrophilic extractives 1.84% (determined by gas chromatography–flame ionisation detection [GC–FID]). The lipophilic extract contained mainly triterpenoids and steroids. The hydrophilic extract (acetone–water 95:5 v v−1) contained mainly sugars, compounds not eluting on GC, and a large number of unidentified compounds, which accounted for 0.87% of dry wood and dominated the extract. The compounds were isolated from the extract by silica column chromatography and further purified. GC–electron impact (EI)-MS of the silylated compounds showed characteristic mass fragments that suggested them to be diarylheptanoids (DAHs). This is an interesting compound group, as many of them have shown a large variety of beneficial biological effects. Of over 80 detected DAHs, the exact mass of 17 compounds was determined by electrospray ionisation-quadrupole-time-of-flight (ESI-QTOF)-MS, and of these, the structure of 11 compounds was elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). One was a meta,para-bridged diphenylether and 10 were meta,meta-bridged biphenyls, of which one, 3,8,9,17-tetrahydroxy-[7,0]-metacyclophane, has not been described previously. Because of low concentrations, 21 DAHs were only tentatively identified, and of these, as many as 17 seem to be previously undescribed compounds.
Lymphotoxin-β-receptor (LTβR) signaling on hepatocytes is required for liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy
Authors: Sorg Ursula R. , Küpper Nicole , Mock Julia , Tersteegen Anne , Petzsch Patrick , Köhrer Karl , Hehlgans Thomas , Pfeffer Klaus
Published: June 2021

Lymphotoxin-β-receptor deficient (LTβR−/−) and Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor p55 deficient (TNFRp55−/−) mice show defects in liver regeneration (LR) after partial hepatectomy (PHx) with significantly increased mortality. LTβR and TNFRp55 belong to the core members of the TNF/TNFR superfamily. Interestingly, combined failure of LTβR and TNFRp55 signaling after PHx leads to a complete defect in LR. Here, we first addressed the question which liver cell population crucially requires LTβR signaling for efficient LR. To this end, mice with a conditionally targeted LTβR allele (LTβRfl/fl) were crossed to AlbuminCre and LysozymeMCre mouse lines to unravel the function of the LTβR on hepatocytes and monocytes/macrophages/Kupffer cells, respectively. Analysis of these mouse lines clearly reveals that LTβR is required on hepatocytes for efficient LR while no deficit in LR was found in LTβRfl/fl × LysMCre mice. Second, the molecular basis for the cooperating role of LTβR and TNFRp55 signaling pathways in LR was investigated by transcriptome analysis of etanercept treated LTβR−/− (LTβR−/−/ET) mice. Bioinformatic analysis and subsequent verification by qRT-PCR identified novel target genes (Cyclin-L2, Fas-Binding factor 1, interferon-related developmental regulator 1, Leucyl-tRNA Synthetase 2, and galectin-4) that are upregulated by LTβR/TNFRp55 signaling after PHx and fail to be upregulated after PHx in LTβR−/−/ET mice.
Ancient Latin grammarians on suppletion
Authors: Pultrová Lucie
Published: June 2021

The term “suppletion”, introduced by Osthoff (1899. Vom Suppletivwesen der indogermanischen Sprachen. Heidelberg: Universitätsbuchdruckerei Hörning), was traditionally used to refer to an inflectional paradigm containing forms based on two or more etymologically different stems. In the last decades, however, it has been argued that etymology does not contribute to our understanding of the phenomenon, and it should be strictly defined on synchronic terms: simply as the peak point on the formal irregularity scale, regardless of the actual origin of the irregularity. Under this approach, all forms reported by speakers as two potentially different lexical items are considered to be suppletive. To be able to determine what users of a living language consider to be a case of suppletion, it is possible to analyze data collected from speakers. The situation is considerably more difficult for dead languages, which however have played an important role in the debate and provided many of the canonical examples. As a closest equivalent to eliciting the required information from a native speaker, the informed but from the present-day perspective naïve expressions of linguistic introspection in the works of Late Latin Grammarians, namely their use of specific terms (defectivum, anomalum, inaequale) to refer to different degrees and lexical examples of irregularity, are highly valuable, as it also may reflect the difficulties confronted by non-native learners.
The effect of postnatal corticosteroids on growth parameters in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Williams Emma E. , Dassios Theodore , Mann Mikhaela , Greenough Anne
Published: June 2021

Objectives

Corticosteroids are administered to ventilator dependent infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) to improve respiratory function and facilitating extubation. Acutely, however, growth impairment can occur as a side effect of such therapy. We aimed to determine the effect of corticosteroids on postnatal growth during the entire neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission.

Methods

A whole population study of extremely preterm infants with BPD was undertaken. Corticosteroid therapy was classified as treatment with dexamethasone or hydrocortisone for a least five consecutive days. Growth was calculated as the difference in weight and head circumference z-score from birth to discharge.

Results

Six thousand, one hundred and four infants with BPD were included of whom 28.3% received postnatal corticosteroids. Infants receiving corticosteroids were less mature (GA 25.0 vs. 26.3 weeks) and of lower birthweight (0.70 vs. 0.84 kg) than those not receiving treatment. There were no significant differences between those who did and did not receive corticosteroids in weight gain (p=0.61) or head circumference growth (p=0.33) from birth to discharge. Single vs. multiple courses of postnatal corticosteroids did not result in significant differences in weight (p=0.62) or head circumference (p=0.13) growth.

Conclusions

Postnatal corticosteroid treatment did not affect the longer term growth of preterm infants with BPD.
Artistic imagery in advertising: experiencing advertisements through art
Authors: Glowka Karolina
Published: June 2021

The general aim of this research is to address the importance of considering visual artistic imagery in engaging consumers for persuasion effects. In this study, I present properties of visual images crucial for aesthetic value and possible modes of engagement with artistic advertisements. I argue that both a visual rhetorical figure and a high sensory quality function to “make the familiar strange” and to engage recipients in the ad. The communicative effectiveness is tested through the experience of pleasure, immersion, narrative transportation, ad experience (involving sensory, cognitive and affective elaboration) and personal involvement. The results of the experiment show that a visual rhetorical figure and a high sensory quality of an ad influence communicative effectiveness of picture-based artistic advertisement. Plausibly, by making familiar strange, artistic ads become effective communicative tools, as they give an opportunity to engage with an ad in different ways and boost ad experience. It seems also that using artistic ads can be particularly effective in communicating brand personality. This research advances the theory and practice of communicative effectiveness of picture-based artistic advertisements.
Biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL) based polymer and composites
Authors: Archer Emily , Torretti Marissa , Madbouly Samy
Published: June 2021

Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a biodegradable polyester that has advantages over other biopolymers, making it an extensively researched polymer. PCL is a hydrophobic, slow-degrading, synthetic polymer making it particularly interesting for the preparation of long-term implantable devices and a variety of drug delivery systems. Recently, PCL has been used for additional applications including food packaging and tissue engineering. In this chapter, the processing methods and characterization of PCL will be discussed. The chapter will summarize the synthesis of poly(α-hydroxy acid) and the ring-opening polymerization of PCL. Discussion on the biodegradability of PCL will be reviewed. The biomedical applications of PCL, such as, drug-delivery systems, medical devices, and tissue engineering will be also summarized. Finally, the chapter will conclude with a characterization section outlining recent studies focusing on PCL based composites and films.
Phenomenological Differences in Music- and Television-Evoked Autobiographical Memories
Authors: Jakubowski Kelly , Belfi Amy M. , Eerola Tuomas
Published: June 2021

Music can be a potent cue for autobiographical memories in both everyday and clinical settings. Understanding the extent to which music may have privileged access to aspects of our personal histories requires critical comparisons to other types of memories and exploration of how music-evoked autobiographical memories (MEAMs) vary across individuals. We compared the retrieval characteristics, content, and emotions of MEAMs to television-evoked autobiographical memories (TEAMs) in an online sample of 657 participants who were representative of the British adult population on age, gender, income, and education. Each participant reported details of a recent MEAM and a recent TEAM experience. MEAMs exhibited significantly greater episodic reliving, personal significance, and social content than TEAMs, and elicited more positive and intense emotions. The majority of these differences between MEAMs and TEAMs persisted in an analysis of a subset of responses in which the music and television cues were matched on familiarity. Age and gender effects were smaller, and consistent across both MEAMs and TEAMs. These results indicate phenomenological differences in naturally occurring memories cued by music as compared to television that are maintained across adulthood. Findings are discussed in the context of theoretical accounts of autobiographical memory, functions of music, and healthy aging.
What Drives Narrative Engagement With Music?
Authors: McAuley J. Devin , Wong Patrick C. M. , Bellaiche Lucas , Margulis Elizabeth Hellmuth
Published: June 2021

Although people across multiple cultures have been shown to experience music narratively, it has proven difficult to disentangle whether narrative dimensions of music derive from learned extramusical associations within a culture or from less experience-dependent elements of the music, such as musical contrast. Toward this end, two experiments investigated factors contributing to listeners’ narrative engagement with music, comparing the narrative experiences of Western and Chinese instrumental music for listeners in two suburban locations in the United States with those of listeners living in a remote rural village in China with different patterns of musical exposure. Supporting an enculturation perspective where learned extramusical associations (i.e., Topicality) play an important role in narrative perceptions of music, results from the first experiment show that for Western listeners, greater Topicality, rather than greater Contrast, increases narrative engagement, as long as listeners have sufficient exposure to its patterns of use within a culture. Strengthening this interpretation, results for the second experiment, which directly manipulated Topicality and Contrast, show that reducing an excerpt’s Topicality, but not its Contrast reduces listeners’ narrative engagement.
Pretreatment of pussy willow and Korean pine using various ionic liquids and their mixtures with organic solvents for enzymatic saccharification
Authors: Han Song-Yi , Park Chan-Woo , Lee Eun-Ah , Park Ji-Soo , Kwon Gu-Joong , Kim Nam-Hun , Lee Seung-Hwan
Published: June 2021

Different ionic liquids (ILs) and their mixtures with organic solvents (OSs) were investigated to determine their effects on pretreatment for enzymatic saccharification of pussy willow and Korean pine. Combinations of three ILs, namely (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM]Ac), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([BMIM]Br), and 1,3-dimethylimidazolium methyl sulfate ([MMIM]MeSO4)) and three OSs (N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)) were used. Acremonium cellulase and Optimash BG were used for enzymatic saccharification. The viscosity of ILs and their mixtures with OSs was reduced by adding and increasing the OS amount in mixtures. The viscosity of [BMIM]Br was considerably decreased by the addition of OSs. For both species, the water-soluble fractions (WSFs) obtained using pure ILs decreased with increasing OS content in mixtures. For all co-solvent systems, the WSFs for pussy willow were twice as large as those for Korean pine. For both species, the yields of glucose and xylose were higher for [EMIM]Ac and its mixtures with OSs than for [BMIM]Br, [MMIM]MeSO4, and their mixtures. However, only small differences between glycan and xylose yields among the products pretreated by [BMIM]Br, [MMIM]MeSO4, and their mixtures were observed. The overall xylose yields for pussy willow were higher than those for Korean pine for all pretreatments because xylan is the main hemicellulose component of hardwood.
Medium-density fibreboard milling using selected technological parameters
Authors: Pinkowski Grzegorz , Szymański Waldemar , Piernik Magdalena , Krauss Andrzej
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of blade type and sharpness angle on blade wear, cutting power, and surface roughness. The study was conducted on medium-density fibreboard (MDF) panels. Two blade types were analyzed (high-speed steel and cemented carbides) along with three variants of sharpness angles (40°, 45°, and 55°). Machining operations were performed on a spindle moulder at a feed rate of 6.3 m/min and rotational speed of 4500 min-1. The blade wear criterion was adopted as the loss of cutter surface area measured on the rake face. Roughness was determined using the Ra parameter, which was measured at three points on the cross-section of the MDF panel. A new, multifaceted approach to the study of cutting a narrow surface of the MDF board was used, thanks to which the interaction of such parameters as blade wear, cutting power, and machining quality as well as the type of material of the knives and their angular parameters were determined. An increase in blade wear and cutting power was recorded with an increase in cutting path, while roughness at the MDF panel cross-section varied. The cemented carbides cutter with the 45° angle may be proposed as optimal, because it showed a relatively low wear and cutting power while providing good quality of the milled surface.
Nomino-Adjectival Collocation in Written Production of L2 French
Authors: Kazlauskienė Vitalija
Published: June 2021

The acquisition of lexical competence is complex, since it is not enough for learners to distinguish the form and the meaning of a lexical element in order to know how to correctly integrate it into the language context. Learners prefer some lexical combinations to others. Generally speaking, these combinations are determined by usage and by frequency of use in the target language. The question of frequency leads to characterizing the particular cases of co-occurrences as collocations (Anctil, Tremblay 2016). According to Tutin and Grossmann, “one often characterizes collocations by the fact that the meaning is transparent in reception (it is “guessed”), whereas, for a non-native speaker, it is difficult to produce the appropriate lexemes” (Tutin, Grossmann 2002). We will try to verify this statement and define the regularities of lexical combinations in L2 French interlanguage of Lithuanian learners. The aims of this presentation is to take stock of the frequencies and particularities of nomino-adjectival collocations in the written productions of non-native French learners, without claiming to be exhaustive. Thanks to the corpus at our disposal, we have extracted certain characteristics of nomino-adjectival collocations specific to interlanguage. Nomino-adjectival collocations are characterized by the structure (Adj) + N + (Adj) in the corpus. Collocations of the N + Adj type are more frequent than that of the Adj + N type. The corpus also reveals that the combination of words is not always characteristic of the general language. The process of interference and hybridization can be seen as an essential contamination of collocations, both lexically and syntactically. However, partially set phrases, in other words collocations, are an important way of expressing themselves for learner with B1 level. The results of this study demonstrate that the analysis of collocational constructions can reveal the relationship between competence and performance of speakers. This type of data could also form the basis of various scientific approaches relating to teaching and learning of foreign languages.
French for Learners in Hesitation Between Mother Tongue and English
Authors: Loseva Natalia , Metelskaya Liudmila
Published: June 2021

Observing the interlanguage of Russian speakers learning French in an academic setting enabled us to note that it is subject to a double influence from the mother tongue (LM langue maternelle) and the first foreign language (LE1 langue étrangère1), which in most cases is English.Teaching methods traditionally practiced in Russia have always emphasized the comparison with LM in order to eliminate the negative effects of interference. In contrast, very few attempts have been made to assess the impact of LE1. The challenge is therefore twofold, to understand the mechanisms of interaction of different languages in the learner’s mind and to develop a more effective pedagogical approach to neutralize the negative influence of plurilingualism and mobilize its constructive potential.The mature linguistic awareness of a multilingual speaking subject establishes fairly clear boundaries between the different language systems that are part of it. While in the consciousness of learners, the partitions that separate different languages are permeable. Sometimes students are not able to attribute a particular term (or word) to a particular system. The problem apparently is attributable to the deficiency (due to lack of language experience) of the discrimination mechanism which would make it possible to detect the “intruder” and to eliminate it.The survey carried out among 54 students who had reached level B1 in French aimed to assess their ability to identify foreign words in a text that included words that did not exist in normative French with Russian or English roots, as well as words of Franglais already adopted by French.The results showed that in 45% of cases, learners have difficulty locating and discriminating a lexeme belonging to another language, which testifies to the absence of clear boundaries between different language systems that make up a learner’s multicompetence. The interpenetration of different systems is facilitated by the existence of a common lexical background due to mutual borrowing. Also, the results support our hypothesis that at the intermediate level (B1) the influence of LE1 is stronger than that of LM, because false anglicisms have been found to be more difficult to detect than words with Slavic roots. It also turned out that the Russian-speaking interlanguage fully adheres to the “Franglais” of native French-speakers.In moving from theoretical research to French as a Foreign Language (FFL) didactics, it should be taken into account that the learner’s vocabulary only partly results from memorizing the studied content (from the “input”). There always remains a part of personal production resulting from the transfer. If the results of the languages transfer are sometimes inadequate, this should not cause the teacher to fight the mechanism itself. Rather, teaching practices should be put in place that would optimize this mechanism.
Дніпропетровщина в роки Другої світової війни в німецькій мемуаристиці та історіографії
Authors: Мицик Юрій Андрійович
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the reflection of Dnipropetrovsk and Dnipropetrovsk region during the Second World War in German memoirs and historiography. The author notes that Dnipropetrovsk region is poorly represented in this kind of literature due to the fact that there were no long or fierce defensive battles on its territory, and there were no turning points. Therefore, in German historiography and memoirs Dnipropetrovsk region is presented only in fragments. Since the attack of German troops on the USSR, Dnipropetrovsk had been on the way of the "South" army group. The initial stage of the battles for Dnipropetrovsk is represented by German memoirists, sometimes with serious human and technical losses. The dead German soldiers were buried at a cemetery near the train station. An eagle-shaped monument was erected at the beginning of the occupation of the city. The main task of the Germans was to restore the connection between the left and right banks of the city on the Dnipro River. Since the bridges had been blown up by retreating Soviet troops, the pontoon bridge had to be repaired so that communication could be established. After the occupation Dnipropetrovsk plunged into a “peaceful life” and memoirists depict a secluded life: there were cinemas, libraries. At that time the city was visited by Hans-Ulrich Rudel, the best bomber pilot of the Second World War, Stalin's personal enemy.  There he had a clash with one of the future memoirists. Dnipropetrovsk made a good impression on him. Once in the deep rear of German troops, Dnipropetrovsk turned into an important economic center of the occupied territories. So that the attention of the memoirists to the rear city is significantly reduced. The mentions of Dnipropetrovsk again increased during the Soviet offensive and the battles for the liberation of the city and the region by the Soviet army.
Кукавское восстание, август 1918 года: украинские гетманские власти, антигетманская оппозиция, австро-венгерские войска
Authors: Малиновский Борис
Published: June 2021

The study of the official documentation of the Ukrainian State authorities (the Ukrainian state headed by Hetman Pavlo Skoropadskiy) and the Austro-Hungarian troops command of stationed in Ukraine makes it possible to determine the goals, nature and staff of the participants in the uprising in Kukavka (Podolia) in August 1918 and to reconstruct the sequence of events connected with this uprising.

The uprising was organized by former executives of the Ukrainian People's Republic. It was conceived as part of a public uprising. Its programme provided for liquidation of the hetman state, restoration of the Ukrainian People's Republic, expulsion of the German and Austro-Hungarian troops supporting the hetman, destruction of large landholdings in Ukraine and distribution of landowners’ land among the peasants. Probably, following the example of the participants in the anti-government movement in Ukraine in 1768 (Koliivshchyna), the rebels of Kukavka intended to exterminate those who were considered as the oppressors of the Ukrainian people, especially the of estate owners.

The uprising was preceded by thorough preparation. The members were well armed and had a considered plan of action. The battle groups formed in the villages consisted mainly of former military men of the Russian tsarist army, the veterans of World War I.

On August 14, in Kukavka, the part of the combat groups united into a large detachment. In the following days, the detachment raided the territory of Mogilev, Yampolsky and Bratslav districts, absorbing the rest of the battle groups and trying to raise wide circles of population to fight.

The plan of involving of a large number of peasants into the uprising failed. The movement did not become widespread. The total number of the participants, did not exceed three thousand people. By the end of August, the rebel army had been eliminated after a series of clashes with Austro-Hungarian military units.
THE INVESTIGATION OF THE CONCEPTUAL SPACE OF THE ENGLISH FOLK FAIRY TALE BY MEANS OF THE CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Yeremeieva Natalia
Published: June 2021

This article is devoted to the systematic investigation of the conceptual space of the English folk fairy tales. This space was considered as a holistic prototypical entity made by theconceptual fields of the English folk fairy tale characters. The latter has been analyzed with regard to their general types and their typical encarnations in the English folk fairy tale. The conceptual field of a character was structured as a frame including attributive, functional, causative and resultative zones. It was established that each zone is represented by a number of definite concepts which can be regarded as more or less typical for the English folk fairy tales. Within the general conceptual model of the English folk fairy tale we identified the central schema and its transformations. Special attention was paid to the conceptual model space-andtime, to the role of sacred numbers in English folk fairy-tale semantics and to the description symbolic images which can be related to the archetypes of the unconscious investigated by K. Yung. The archetypes are considered to be the basis of the conceptual model of the English folk fairy tales.
DIDGITALIZATION OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING IN HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Safonova Natalia , Kyrychenko Anastasia
Published: June 2021

Education is a determining factor in the socio-economic development of the information society. Digitalization is gradually reforming all spheres of life, and most actively, theeducational system. Today, there is a clear need to learn foreign languages, and the use of digital tools in teaching is a new trend in education. Educational technologies go beyond the usual multimedia tools, as the current generation of students has challenged educators to use cutting-edge channels of communication with young people to co-create educational content on existing networks. Gamification of tasks, virtual classrooms, online courses have become a reality, so the teacher is obliged to engage them as effectively as possible in the educational process in higher educational institutions.
CONCRETIZATION AND GENERALIZATION IN THE RANGE OF TRANSLATION TRANSFORMATIONS
Authors: Lobanova Valentina
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the problem of determining the place of concretization and generalization among other translational transformations and the description of the lingualcategories underlying these transformations. The relevance of the topic is determined by the constant expansion of various international contacts (scientific, technical, tourist, cultural, etc.), which require refinement of translation techniques, a conscious approach to the use of those or other translational transformations, among which concretization and generalization are very important. The purpose of the article is to determine the lingual basis of the use of concretization and generalization on the material of a story by Terry Pratchett’s To achieve this goal, tasks such as the analysis and synthesis of theoretical developments in translation theory regarding translation transformations have been accomplished, and relevant factual material has been analyzed and classified. In the text of the story, 106 cases of use of concretization or generalization were found (63 and 43 examples respectively). It is concluded that generalization and concretization are widely used when translating any text. Concretization can be considered more common among them; it occurs when translating desemantic lexical units, polysemantic words, etc. The most common words in this case are verbs and nouns (have, get, take, go, point, stuff, etc.). The appropriateness of using generalization is largely determined by the difference in word compatibility in English and other languages. We see the prospects for further research in a more detailed analysis of the relationship between different types of lexical transformations.
«HAMLET» BY WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE IN THE TRANSLATION AND CREATIVE UNDERSTANDING OF THE UKRAINIAN WRITERS OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
Authors: Minenko Olesya
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to a detailed analysis of the translations of the tragedy «Hamlet» by William Shakespeare in the context of the aesthetic views of Ukrainian writers of the nineteenth century. The idea that synchronous and diachronic consideration of the literary evolution of Hamlet’s image demonstrates the emergence of Hamletism as a certain aesthetic category is justified. A comparative analysis of the translations of Hamlet by Ukrainian authors was carried out. On the basis of research, it is established that the translator, as well as the reader, finds itself «between» texts of different cultures and literatures, that is, in a situation of complete uncertainty, cultural «border», by performing a double hermeneutic act of «decoding» «one’s» and «another’s» tradition available in the original and in its translation. The author concludes that Shakespeare at the world-philosophical level was close to the Ukrainian translators of the XIX century: the writers considered in Shakespeare’s works a timeless universality and a prehistoric dimension of the human personality, a peculiar human «monad», which can be different in different ways. It was observed that Ukrainian translators are united not only by language innovation, the attraction of deep layers of the Ukrainian language, but also the sole purpose – the cultural revival of the state through the revival of the language.
Envolventes performativas y “la ciudad escena”
Authors: Trachana Angelique
Published: June 2021

Las nuevas envolventes de los edificios tienden hoy a satisfacer solicitudes de diversa índole, tanto internas de los edificios, como externas del entorno urbano. El diseño de las nuevas pieles arquitectónicas ha desarrollado tratamientos cercanos al arte, así como una comunicación con nuevos materiales, acabados, texturas, colores, luces, y medios tecnológicos. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar algunos de los cambios más significativos en el comportamiento de las envolventes arquitectónicas en el medio urbano. En el estudio comprueban dos procesos característicos: la desmaterialización y la virtualidad en el papel escenográfico y dinámico que juegan las envolventes en la configuración del ambiente urbano, y su implicación en la vida cotidiana de los ciudadanos.
Programa Quiero mi Barrio como dispositivo de afectación sensible
Authors: Campos Medina Luis , Dupré Amaëlle
Published: June 2021

El Programa Quiero mi Barrio (PQMB) ha sido objeto de múltiples análisis, desde variadas perspectivas. No obstante, una que hasta ahora no ha sido considerada es la de entenderlo como un dispositivo de afectación sensible. En este texto argumentamos en favor de los rendimientos de una consideración desde ese enfoque, ya que permite entender parte de la lógica de intervención del programa, así como una dimensión crucial para su sostenibilidad. Pero, sobre todo, porque permite entender mejor las formas en que el programa actúa sobre las comunidades, sus formas de sociabilidad y el rol que asigna al entorno construido. Afirmamos que el PQMB interviene sobre poblaciones bajo el supuesto de que son comunidades, pero, en realidad, compone esas comunidades a través de una intervención multiforme y recursiva, en la que cobran especial relevancia las materialidades y los objetos, una intervención que busca convertir poblaciones de individuos en comunidades orgullosas. A pesar de que el PQMB es una intervención pública nacional, ha sido reconocido internacionalmente por el carácter innovador de su estrategia de intervención, lo que hace que la propuesta analítica que aquí ofrecemos sea extrapolable a otras intervenciones equivalentes a nivel latinoamericano.
Contaminación del aire en Puerto Vallarta, México
Authors: Morales Hernández Julio Cesar , Montes López Ana Lexie , Martinez Oscar Frausto , Cruz Romero Bartolo , González Mercado Cynthia Lizeth , Carrillo González Fátima Maciel
Published: June 2021

El Material Particulado es un conjunto de materia dispersa en la atmósfera, este contaminante pone en riesgo la salud pública, específicamente en vías respiratorias debido a las concentraciones que se observan en diferentes zonas urbanas. El objetivo fue evaluar la concentración de PM10 y PM2.5 y su relación con los sistemas atmosféricos. Se realizó un monitoreo en el periodo de estiaje del 2018-2019 en 10 puntos diferentes de la ciudad. Las mediciones se realizaron en el horario de 8:00-10:30 am, cada 10 minutos con el monitor en tiempo real PM2.5/PM10 HoldPeak HP-5800F. El sitio con mayor concentración de PM2.5 fue El Pitillal con 13.7 μg/m3, y la menor concentración fue Mojoneras con 7.6 μg/m3, siendo la tendencia hacia el centro de la zona urbana. En el caso de la concentración de PM10, los valores más altos fueron en el CUC con 66.4 μg/m3, mientras el de menor valor fue El Centro con 23.9 μg/m3, siendo la tendencia hacia el noreste. En cuanto al IMECA, la zona se encuentra dentro del nivel bueno, aunque se pudo observar en algunas zonas, específicamente en Las Juntas, las concentraciones medias de PM10 sobrepasan el valor máximo que establece la Norma Oficial Mexicana.
El derecho a la ciudad en las aglomeraciones: miradas desde América Latina
Authors: Pamplona Sierra Maria José , Piedrahita Bustamante Pedro
Published: June 2021

El artículo indaga sobre la producción científica en América Latina respecto a la garantía del derecho a la ciudad en fenómenos de aglomeración urbana. Para esto se problematizan tres conceptos principales: derecho a la ciudad, aglomeración urbana y gobierno urbano. Los resultados evidencian el poco abordaje teórico y empírico que se ha hecho del problema y cómo las ciudades se gobiernan, todavía, sin pensar más allá de los límites municipales. Se concluye que es necesario pensar la garantía del derecho en los fenómenos urbanos, incluyendo mayores grados de coordinación y cooperación entre las unidades municipales que conforman las aglomeraciones.
De hidalgos y avatares: el Metro como espacio cultural de la Ciudad de México
Authors: Serna Luna Erick
Published: June 2021

Con base en el proceso histórico de transformación de la estación del Metro Hidalgo del Metro de la Ciudad de México, el trabajo muestra el papel político que tiene la cultura en la conformación y transmisión de una visión particular de la ciudad. La descripción de cada una de las etapas que conforman el proceso de transformación de este espacio muestra cómo la política urbana de renovación y recuperación de los espacios urbanos que se ha desarrollado en la Ciudad de México se ha extendido a los espacios del Metro, promoviendo una visión particular de la ciudad en detrimento de los usos y actividades populares que han construido su identidad social en relación con el espacio de la estación. De tal modo, la gran exposición, Involuntary que se instauró en la estación del Metro Hidalgo como parte de la celebración del 50 aniversario del Metro, es una muestra de las apropiaciones institucionales de los espacios públicos, el uso político del arte y la cultura y la falta de una política incluyente en el uso y apropiación de los espacios públicos del Metro.
Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Optimum Layout of Urban and Rural Areas in Different Geomorphological Types
Authors: Li Jing , Cai Zhongyuan , Duan Lianru
Published: June 2021

Taking Jinghe River Basin in the Loess geomorphological area and Guangnan County in the karst geomorphological area as the study area, the spatial distribution characteristics of urban and rural areas of different geomorphological types are analyzed. By using GIS and related statistical analysis software, this paper summarizes three basic urban and rural types: river channel type, plateau surface type, and loess terrace horizon prototype in the Loess Landscape Jinghe River Basin. It is known that most towns in the loess plateau gully area are in the Jinghe River Basin. According to the spatial distribution characteristics of urban and rural areas, the optimal layout based on the main structure of five districts, nine River corridors, and four plates is proposed. Using the DEM module of ArcGIS to divide the elevation and gradient of Guangnan County, we know that the density of urban and rural settlements in Guangnan County is low and the spatial distribution is dispersed, and the distribution of urban and rural settlements shows a strong elevation orientation. The distribution of urban and rural settlements has a normal distribution relationship with the elevation. The largest number of urban and rural settlements is between 2.1° and 25°. According to the present situation of settlement distribution, this paper puts forward some optimization strategies, such as appropriate settlement scale, settlement space development monitoring, and so on.
Geological evolution process, mechanism, and application of protective layer in semi-coal and rock face
Authors: Xie Xiaoping , Fang Xinqiu , Liang Minfu , Ai Dechun
Published: June 2021

Under the influence of geological structure, the surrounding rock of semi-coal seam is easy to be loose and fractured, and the repairing rate is high. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study semi-coal seam mining's mechanism and control technology. In this paper, the geological evolution principle of the semi-coal seam is analyzed theoretically. The mechanic's relationship between the mining height of the semi-coal face and the lower coal seam's pressure relief is interpreted. The mechanism of eliminating bad blind areas in non-pillar mining of upper protective seam is analyzed. Through numerical simulation analysis, it is concluded that the expansion deformation rate of a protective layer increases linearly with the increase of mining thickness of the protective layer, and the width of undesirable blind zone of coal seam increases linearly with the rise of protective layer thickness. This paper puts forward the technology of non-pillar mining in the protective seam's semi-coal and rock face. Field industrial test results show that the technology achieves the overall pressure relief and reflection reduction of low permeability and high gas coal seams. The underlying 3 + 4 protective layer achieves the general pressure relief and reflection reduction of low permeability and high gas coal seams. Coalbed methane can be pre-drained up to 18 m3/min with a concentration of 90%.
High-precision GPS measurement method without geographical restrictions using crowd-sensing technology
Authors: Zhang Yunxiang , Wang Bin , Zhang Lei
Published: June 2021

In order to improve the flexibility of GPS measurement, a high-precision GPS measurement method that is not restricted by the geographical location under crowd-sensing technology was proposed. The performance of the crowdsensing network was improved through a regular hexagon-based crowd-smart big data sensing network deployment mechanism. The GPS /SINS/DR fast and high-precision combined measurement methods were used to achieve high-precision measurement without geographical restrictions. It has been verified that the proposed method in this paper has much better stability in the deployment strategy of a regular hexagon than that of the square. The proposed method can achieve fast acquisition of satellite signals and high-precision positioning, and its measurement accuracy in the low-latitude city and high-latitude city is higher than the online measurement method based on Google Earth, indicating that it has significant application value.
Factors associated with academic performance in undergraduate health sciences students enrolled in the human anatomy course
Authors: López-Alegría Fanny , Rivera-López Gonzalo , Rubio-Rivera Andrés
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Human anatomy is a core subject that poses a great academic challenge for students who are admitted to the health sciences undergraduate degree programs.
Objective: To know the socio-academic profile of first-year students of several health sciences undergraduate programs and to assess the association between, on the one hand, academic performance during secondary education, study habits and performance in the university admission science test, and, on the other, academic performance in the human anatomy course.
Materials and methods: Cross-sectional correlational study conducted in 2018. The study population consisted of 306 first-year students enrolled in 7 health sciences undergraduate programs offered by the Faculty of Medical Sciences of a public university in Santiago de Chile, Chile. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the correlation between the variables of interest. Also, a multiple linear regression analysis was performed to establish the factors significantly associated with the final grade obtained in the course. A level of significance of p<0.05 was considered.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 19.8 years, 98.6% were single, and 65.3% were female. A significant association was observed between the final grade obtained in the course and the score obtained in the university admission test (p=0.000) and the high school grade point average (p=0.001); however, this association was not significant with the variables considered as study habits.
Conclusion: Academic performance in the human anatomy course was associated with the students’ prior knowledge, but not with their study habits. Thus, educational interventions in this university should focus more on leveling students’ knowledge, rather than on optimizing their study habits.