bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dampak Kelangkaan Pupuk Bersubsidi Terhadap Produksi dan Pendapatan Petani Padi Sawah di Desa Waimital, Kecamatan Kairatu, Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat
Authors: Ajina Herminus , Timisela Natelda R , Leatemia Ester D
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak kelangkaan pupuk bersubsidi terhadap produksi dan pendapatan petani padi sawah di Desa Waimital, Kecamatan Kairatu, Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat. Dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif dan kuantitatif  dan menggunakan analisis uji paired sample test. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya kelangkaan pupuk bersubsidi yang berdampak pada produksi dan pendapatan petani padi sawah di tempat penelitian. Penyebab kelangkaan pupuk bersubsidi yang terjadi karena adanya ketidaksesuaian antara permintaan/usulan terhadap pupuk bersubsidi dengan realisasi dari pemerintah, akibat kelangkaan pupuk bersubsidi petani rela membeli pupuk nonsubsidi yang harganya sangat mahal guna memenuhi kebutuhan pupuk mereka. Hal ini menyebabkan produksi menurun dari rata-rata 1.567 kg/musim tanam sebelum kelangkaan pupuk bersubsidi menjadi rata-rata 1.527 kg/musim tanam selama kelangkaan pupuk bersubsidi.
Analisis Kandungan Total Padatan Terlarut dan Sensori Sari Buah Lemon Cina (Citrus microcarpa)
Authors: Thenu Silvia , Tetelepta Gilian , Ega La
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal fruit juice-to-water ratio for producing lemon cina with best chemical and organoleptic properties. This study utilised a completely randomized design with one factor, the ratio of fruit juice to water, and five treatment levels, namely 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, and 1:7. Total dissolver solids and sensory including color, aroma, and taste were analysed as parameters. Lemon cina juice with a fruit juice-to-water ratio of 1:4 was the optimal treatment with a TPT of 42oBrix, whereas for hedonic quality, the juice had a colour of 2.32 (slightly yellow), an aroma of 2.72 (close to citrus lemon cina), and a taste of 3.04 (lemon cina taste).
Pengaruh Variasi Temperatur Tempering Terhadap Struktur Mikro Dan Struktur Kristal Pada Baja Karbon Sebagai Bahan Mandrill
Authors: Tullah Ikhrar Damai , Nanang Yulius , Budiarto Budiarto
Published: January 2024

This writing begins with a mandrill that cannot be modified in a company, so the author wants to know the crystal structure and microstructure of the steel, as well as explain the composition contained in the steel being tested. Tests were carried out by observing the crystal structure using an X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), observing the microstructure and material composition using Scanning Electron Microscopy – Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX). The results show that the crystal structure and microstructure are strongly influenced by the quenching and tempering processes. The increase in crystal size occurred after the tempering process at 425° C from 34.33 nm to 52.31 nm. There was a decrease in dislocation density after tempering at 425° C from 0.00085 lines/mm2 to 0.00085 lines/mm2. Likewise, the micro strain after the tempering process at 425°C decreased from 0.25 (ε) to 0.19 (ε). The test material has several compositions such as iron (Fe), oxygen (O), manganese (Mn), sodium (Na), chromium (Cr), calcium (Ca) and carbon (C). Microstructure testing showed a decrease in iron Fe atoms after the tempering process from 65.79% to 42.96%, a decrease in atoms also occurred in manganese from 0.51% to 0.34% after the tempering process. There was an increase in oxygen atoms after the tempering process from 33.31% to 54.23%, an increase in the atomic presentation also occurred in sodium (Na) from 0.33% to 2.46% after the tempering process
Turbin Crossflow untuk PLTMH di Sungai Karuah, Kelurahan Lambung Bukit, Kec Pauh, Padang
Authors: Effiandi Nota , Yuliarman Yuliarman , Nur Ichlas
Published: January 2024

Utilization of electrical energy has been applied in almost all fields of life. One of them is the use of electricity to repel plantation pests. In the hills of Batu Busuk, around the Padang Karuah River, Kel Lambung Bukit, Kec. Pauh, Padang is one of the communities that has implemented the application. The people who are gardening there have worked together in making a Micro Hydro Power Plant (PLTMH) type waterwheel with a power of 1 kW with the current condition has been damaged and can not be used anymore. Seeing the potential of water owned according to the results of the field survey with a flowrate of 100 L / s and a head of 5 m, the use of crossflow turbines is one type of turbine that is suitable for replacing a windmill that has been damaged with a power generated of 3.7 kW. The crossflow turbine has an outer diameter of runner (D1) 0.3 m, runner width (L) 0.2 m and the number of blades (z) 28 pieces. With the use of the crossflow turbine, the potential of water will be maximally utilized.
Media Pembangkit Gelombang Skala Laboratorium
Authors: Akmal Jamiatul , Suudi Ahmad , Grahita Yoki Surya , Lubis Asnawi , Tanti Novri , Hasymi Zulhendri
Published: January 2024

In the design of offshore building structures, calculations are required by looking at the factors that occur in the ocean. A big factor that occurs is the disturbance force of waves which can disrupt the strength of the building structure to be created. For this reason, this research makes a wave generating media device on a laboratory scale. With this tool, efforts are also made to resemble the original wave, where the deeper it is, the smaller the strength of the wave formed. This effort is an implementation of the wave forms that occur in the open sea. The results of the design of a wave generating media device measuring 3690x830x940 mm. From wave observations and calculations, it was found that the wavelength was 0.5m and the amplitude was 0.01m. It was concluded that the type of wave characteristic produced by this tool was categorized as an airy wave.
A Driving Force
On the Rhetoric of Images and Power
Authors: Bertoli Angelica , Gelmi Giulia , Missagia Andrea , Tavano Maria Novella
Published: January 2024

The volume comprises a selection of papers presented at the 5th Postgraduate International Conference organized by the Department of Philosophy and Cultural Heritage of Ca’ Foscari University of Venice (Venice, 4-6 October 2023): A Driving Force. On the Rhetoric of Images and Power. In the introduction to his well-known The Power of Images (1989), David Freedberg claims not only that images hold power over us, but they are also, inevitably, related to ‘power’ itself. Art is therefore a powerful and non-neutral tool. Its forms and expressions influence and manipulate the realm of the real. Throughout human history, the artist’s creative power gave form, substance, and meaning to otherwise inert matter. This process turned the artist into a demiurge. Furthermore, once images are given their final form, they circulate and live a life of their own. The 5th Postgraduate International Conference was aimed at investigating the rhetorical nature of the intersection between image and power. In 1979 Yuri Lotman claimed that “rhetoric” is the displacement of the structural principles of a given semiotic sphere into another semiotic sphere. The Tartu semiologist’s approach implies that the “correlation with different semiotic systems gives rise to a rhetorical situation in which a powerful source of elaboration of new meanings is contained”. In exploring these meanings from a multidisciplinary perspective, this volume investigates two main themes: the power of the image, as an autonomous device, endowed with a pervasive and persuasive character; the image as a form for representing power which addresses questions concerning the sense of authority, and its negation, namely a sense of dissidence and counter-narrations.
Stay Hungry, Stay Foolish
Deconstructing the Performance of Labour in the Bureau of Melodramatic Research
Authors: Fiocco Fabiola
Published: January 2024

The advent of neoliberalism was accompanied by a substantial ideological and visual apparatus required to promote and legitimise the new forms of labour and mechanisms of power it generated. Concurrently, labour garnered significant attention from artists, particularly feminist artists, who started misappropriating the visual vocabulary of work as a means of political reclamation. This paper examines the practice of the artistic duo The Bureau of Melodramatic Research and the aesthetic strategies they implement to deconstruct the contemporary performance of labour and shed light on the distress, precarity and paradoxes of contemporary work.
Poor Power Images in the Work of Hito Steyerl
Authors: Wessel Jolanda
Published: January 2024

In 2009 German video artist, documentary filmmaker and essayist Hito Steyerl releases her essay In Defense of the Poor Image. Her definition of the ‘poor’ image as “a copy in motion” can be transferred to contemporary mostly digital images in general. But with the new image technologies the artist diagnoses a replacement of poor images by power images, in the multiple meanings of the word ‘power’. In contrast to the proclaimed shift from poor images to power images the author rather speaks about poor power images. Instead of a replacement of poor images by power images one can observe poor images unfolding their powers while power images show various shades of poorness.
Do moderate-to-late preterm twins and singletons differ in the early motor repertoire and later developmental functioning?
Authors: YARDIMCI LOKMANOĞLU Bilge Nur , MUTLU Akmer
Published: January 2024

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in early motor repertoire and later developmental functioning between moderate-to-late preterm twins and singletons. Material and Methods: The study included 40 moderate-to-late preterm twin infants (50% female), and 40 moderate-to-late preterm singleton infants (50% female). All infants were assessed from 9 up to 20 post-term weeks of corrected age using the General Movement Assessment (GMA), and between 24 and 42 months of age using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III). Results: There were no differences between the Motor Optimality Score (MOS) and its subcategories, including fidgety movements, obtained as a result of detailed GMA (p>0.05), when the early motor repertoire results were examined. At later ages, there were also no significant differences in cognitive, language, and motor domain composite scores between twin and singleton infants, according to Bayley-III (p>0.05). Discussion: Our results suggest moderate-to-late preterm twin infants had a similar developmental process to moderate-to-late preterm singleton infants from early periods up to 3.5 years of age. However, all preterm infants, including moderate-to-late infants, should be assessed in the clinic in terms of the risks of developmental problems from the early period of life.
Kronik Boyun Ağrısı Olan Bireylerde Ağrı Şiddeti, Servikal Kas Kuvveti, Propriosepsiyon ve Denge Arasındaki İlişkilerin İncelenmesi
Authors: KOCAMAN Hikmet , YILDIZ Nazım Tolgahan , CANLI Mehmet , ALKAN Halil
Published: January 2024

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı, kronik boyun ağrısı (KBA) olan bireylerde ağrı şiddeti, servikal kas kuvveti, propriosepsiyon ve denge arasındaki ilişkileri incelemekti.

Gereç Yöntem: Çalışmaya 45 KBA’lı birey ve 46 boyun ağrısı olmayan sağlıklı birey dahil edildi. KBA’lı bireylerde istirahat ve aktivite sırasındaki boyun ağrısı şiddetleri görsel analog skala ile, her iki gruptaki bireylerin servikal fleksör ve ekstansör kas kuvveti izometrik dinamometre ile, servikal bölge propriosepsiyon duyusu servikal eklem pozisyon hata testi ile ve statik ve dinamik denge Biodex denge sistemi ile değerlendirildi.

Sonuçlar: Sağlıklı bireylerle karşılaştırıldığında KBA’lı bireylerin servikal fleksör ve ekstansör kas kuvvetlerinin daha düşük, servikal bölge propriosepsiyonunun ve statik ve dinamik dengelerinin daha kötü olduğu bulundu (p
Light: An Extrinsic Factor Influencing Animal-based Research
Authors: Dauchy Robert T , Hanifin John P , Brainard George C , Blask David E
Published: January 2024

Light is an environmental factor that is extrinsic to animals themselves and that exerts a profound influence on the regulation of circadian, neurohormonal, metabolic, and neurobehavioral systems of all animals, including research animals. These widespread biologic effects of light are mediated by distinct photoreceptors—rods and cones that comprise the conventional visual system and melanopsin-containing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) of the nonvisual system that interact with the rods and cones. The rods and cones of the visual system, along with the ipRGCs of the nonvisual system, are species distinct in terms of opsins and opsin concentrations and interact with one another to provide vision and regulate circadian rhythms of neurohormonal and neurobehavioral responses to light. Here, we review a brief history of lighting technologies, the nature of light and circadian rhythms, our present understanding of mammalian photoreception, and current industry practices and standards. We also consider the implications of light for vivarium measurement, production, and technological application and provide simple recommendations on artificial lighting for use by regulatory authorities, lighting manufacturers, designers, engineers, researchers, and research animal care staff that ensure best practices for optimizing animal health and well-being and, ultimately, improving scientific outcomes.
Rethinking Indonesia’s lighting standard for urban kampung roads
Authors: Sunjoto Margareth
Published: January 2024

The latest lighting standard in Indonesia, SNI 7391:2008, emphasizes uniform distribution for road lighting to ensure the safety and accuracy of motorists. However, in urban kampungs, local roads serve as non-commercial public spaces and require lighting that is suitable for human-scale activities. This study examines road lighting in Siwalankerto, Surabaya, and explores how residents' nighttime experiences relate to their perceived adequacy of illumination (PAI). The research involved 26 participants who rated their experiences while using the local road after dark. Nighttime experiences, including pleasantness, willingness to stay, and safety, were compared to illuminance levels and PAI. The findings show a correlation between perceived adequacy of illumination and pleasantness, as well as the willingness to stay in the road space. There was no significant correlation between safety and PAI.
Dwelling adaptation in a particular resident through patron-client relationship
Authors: Latupeirissa Hendrico Firzandy , Sihombing Antony , Fuad Achmad Hery
Published: January 2024

This research is conducted to determine the underlying reasons a particular theater group adjusts to a certain setting and conditions in order to maintain its continued presence in a location. One of the reasons previously identified for the acceptance and adaptation is the low affordability of housing. Therefore, qualitative design and grounded theory method were applied, and the habitation form of the group was observed to determine their dwelling adaptation. The results showed that the role of the government as patron was very important for the survival of groups, specifically in providing increasingly affordable housing for urban poor and catering for psychological and social welfare. Client was also discovered to have become increasingly attached to the housing assistance and considered patron as important figures and protectors. It was argued that certain stakeholders have an important role in producing residential designs to empower and maintain the survival of urban poor.
The “Pochos” phenomenon in the context of the “us – them” dichotomy (based on the Mexican segment of social networks)
Authors: Davtiants Irina Igorevna
Published: January 2024

The aim of the research is to identify the specificity of the linguistic objectivization of the Pocho’s image, as represented in the cognitive base of Mexicans. To attain this aim, the paper highlights several thematic blocks that provide an understanding of the characteristics of pochos that are most significant for Mexicans. The scientific novelty of the paper lies in examining this phenomenon in the context of the “us – them” issue, as well as in the research material itself. The paper is the first to identify the semantic features of the Pocho’s image by tracking the opinions of Mexicans presented in a unique form of communication in the online environment: user comments on social networks. The research findings suggest that a special situation has developed in Mexican culture, where an extremely negative image of “one of us” consciously rejecting one’s native culture and adopting the values of another culture is the intermediate member in the binary opposition of “us – them”. The transformation of the binary opposition of “us – them” into a gradual one in this case reflects the crisis of national identity that Mexicans have faced due to specific migratory processes occurring in the geographic area of their residence.
Wheat landraces as sources of high grain quality and nutritional properties
Authors: Shamanin V. P. , Pototskaya I. V. , Esse S. A. , Gladkih M. S. , Shepelev S. S. , Zuev E. V. , Vinichenko N. A. , Koksel H. , Morgounov A. I.
Published: January 2024

Background. Improving the grain quality of modern spring bread wheat cultivars is a highly relevant task of breeding. To solve this problem, old and local wheat varieties (landraces) are of considerable interest. A rich collection of them is available among the plant genetic resources preserved at VIR. With this in view, the aim of this research was to identify sources of high protein, gluten, macro- and micronutrient content out of the landraces from the VIR collection for improvement of wheat grain quality through breeding.

Materials and methods. Field and laboratory research were conducted in the experimental field of Omsk State Agrarian University under the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia in 2020–2021. Sowing was carried out on fallow on conventional sowing dates. Mineral composition in the grain of the studied landraces was analyzed at the Kurchatov Genomic Center, Novosibirsk, using atomic absorption spectrometry techniques.

Results. The research results showed that landraces from different regions of Russia, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan were characterized by high levels of protein (18.4–18.8%) and gluten (35.9–36.0%) in grain. Landraces from Kazakhstan had low Zn content (on average 38.3 mg/kg), while those from Kyrgyzstan, on the contrary, had high content of Zn (41.9 mg/kg) and Fe (55.1 mg/kg), and landraces from Tajikistan had high K content (3820 mg/kg). A positive relationship between the concentrations of Mg, Mn, Fe, and Zn was found in the grain of wheat landraces.

Conclusion. Wheat landraces are of interest as genetic resources for the development of high-protein cultivars with improved nutritional value of grain for the milling and breadmaking industries.
Fruit and seed plumpness, germination and viability of rare plants in Yakutia
Authors: Androsova D. N. , Danilova N. S. , Tkachenko K. G. , Staroverov N. E. , Gryaznov A. Yu.
Published: January 2024

Background. With the increasing anthropogenic impact on nature, conservation and renewal of rare and endangered plants in natural cenoses is an urgent problem. Quality assessment, identification of full-fledged plump seeds, and determination of their viability is the way to develop reproduction technologies and provide a possibility of repatriating these species to their natural habitats. Collecting and studying natural flora species in botanical gardens helps to save biological resources of useful species and recommend them for urban landscaping.

Materials and methods. X-ray techniques were used to analyze seed quality and viability of rare species in the flora of Yakutia: Adonis sibirica Patrin, Phlojodicarpus sibiricus (Steph. ex Spreng.) Koso-Pol., Iris laevigata Fisch. et C.A. Mey., Iris sanguinea Donn, and Paeonia anomala L. Methods developed for the application of microfocus radiography to fruits and seeds were used in the X-ray analysis.

Results. Seed quality was assessed according to guidelines. It was shown that fruits and seeds of the studied species developed under the conditions of Yakutia were full-fledged (plump), but due to the presence of a morphophysiological type of dormancy in them, they could germinate only after a cold or multistage stratification.

Conclusion. Assessment of reproductive diaspore quality and viability in rare and endangered plant species of Yakutia will make it possible to develop technologies for increasing their seed germination rates and restoring the natural populations of these species.
Occurrence of the FBF7 fire blight resistance locus in accessions of apple wild species (Malus Mill.)
Authors: Lyzhin A. S. , Saveleva N. N.
Published: January 2024

Background. Fire blight (Erwinia amylovora (Burill) Winslow et al.) is a dangerous disease of fruit crops. In the Russian Federation, fire blight is one of the quarantine diseases. Apple resistance to fire blight is controlled polygenically. However, the data on the genotypes of Malus Mill. wild species and varieties in the context of individual resistance loci are scarce. The purpose of the research was studying the genetic collection of apple wild species according to the FBF7 fire blight resistance locus to identify promising sources of resistance to E. amylovora.

Materials and methods. The materials of this study included 23 wild and two cultivated apple-tree species (50 accessions) from the genetic collection of the I.V. Michurin FSC. The FBF7 QTL for fire blight resistance was identified with the flanking SCAR-markers AE10-375 and GE-8019, and SSR-marker CH-F7-Fb1.

Results and conclusion. The GE-8019 marker was identified in 50.0% of the apple accessions, AE10-375 in 76.0% of the accessions, and CH-F7-Fb1 in 30.0%. Inter- and intraspecific polymorphism of the Malus genus was revealed for the analyzed resistance locus, as well as for individual DNA markers linked to the FBF7 QTL. The GE-8019 and AE10-375 markers flanking the FBF7 QTL were found in 42.0% of the studied genotypes. Meanwhile, three diagnostic markers (GE-8019, AE10-375, and CH-F7-Fb1) were identified only in 7 accessions: M. × robusta var. persicifolia (Carr.) Rehd. (к-41279), M. × cerasifera var. hiemalis Spach. (к-2342) (Ser. Baccatae), M. sylvestris (L.) Mill. (k-73 and k-123), M. × spectabilis var. albi plena (Ait.) Borkh. (к-2416) (Ser. Malus), M. × sargentii (Rehd.) Langenf. (k-2428) (Ser. Toringonae), and M. coronaria (L.) Mill. (к-2336) (Ser. Coronariae). These forms are promising genetic sources of resistance to E. amylovora.
New cultivars of vegetable cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (l.) walp.) developed at VIR
Authors: Gurkina M. V. , Burlyaeva M. O.
Published: January 2024

Background. Cowpea is an important legume crop of great nutritional and economic value, ranking fourth in the world among leguminous crops in the area of cultivation. This crop is known to tolerate high temperatures and droughts, so new cowpea cultivars adapted to the local arid conditions of the Lower Volga are of considerable interest.

Materials and methods. Mass and individual selection techniques were applied to develop new cultivars from cowpea landraces held in the VIR collection. Selection was carried out at Astrakhan Experiment Station of VIR in 2012–2018, and variety trials took place in 2019–2021.

Results. Cvs. ‘Samma Nova’ and ‘Pasta Grin’ were released for vegetable use. The pod yield of ‘Samma Nova’ is 12.18–14.85 t/ha, seed yield is 0.92–1.14 t/ha, protein content is 28.8% in seeds and 27.1% in pods, and its growing season is 57–66 days. The cultivar is bushy, with synchronous pod and seed maturation, suitable for mechanized cultivation. The pod yield of ‘Pasta Grin’ is 24.68–25.84 t/ha, seed yield is 0.82–1.04 t/ha, protein content is 29.1% in pods and 23.6% in seeds. It is a mid-season cultivar, with a rambling stem, intended for growing on a trellis. Both cultivars significantly exceeded the reference (cv. ‘Sibirsky Razmer”) in most of the studied indicators. The breeding work with cowpea accessions showed that pod harvesting at the commercial ripeness stage stimulated plants to develop new pods, which extended the duration of fruiting and increased productivity. The maximum number of pods in all studied cultivars was formed in the first 20 days of the fruiting period.

Conclusion. In 2022, according to the results of competitive and local trials, cvs. ‘Samma Nova’ and ‘Pasta Grin’ were included in the State Register for Selection Achievements (National List). The zones of cultivation and seed production for these cultivars are Astrakhan and Volgograd Provinces, Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories, and the Republic of Crimea.
Grain quality indicators and size-dependent fractional composition in winter rye cultivars under the conditions of the Lower Volga region
Authors: Nuzhdina N. N. , Zhiganov D. A. , Ermolaeva T. Y. , Kulevatova T. B. , Zlobina L. N. , Andreeva L. V. , Kulikova V. A. , Salmanova N. A. , Nechaev V. N.
Published: January 2024

Background. Grain quality indicators of winter rye cultivars were analyzed in connection with the size-dependent fractional composition of their grain in the Lower Volga environments.

Materials and methods. The research material included 22 cultivars developed at various Russian scientific institutions, 3 Belarusian ones, and 3 cultivars bred at the Federal Center of Agriculture Research of the South-East Region. Comparative trials were conducted in 2021–2022 on 13.2 m2 plots in two field replications. The following grain quality indicators were studied: grain test weight, 1000 grain weight, size-dependent fractional composition, Hagberg falling number, amylogram peak height, starch gelatinization temperature, protein content, and rheological properties of the meal/water slurry.

Results. Protein content was recorded at a level of 9.98–10.85%, while the starch gelatinization temperature was high due to the June air temperatures higher than the norm. Significant differences among the cultivars were found in the fractional composition of grain: 12 forms were identified with medium viscosity of the meal/water slurry and the fine-grain fraction content up to 30% of the total weight.

Conclusions. There is a positive significant correlation between the five studied indicators characterizing the rheological properties of the meal/water slurry made from the grain of winter rye cultivars and the grain fraction composition (0.82*–0.91*).
Typification of intraspecific taxa in Solanum andigenum Juz. et Buk.
Authors: Oskina N. A. , Gavrilenko T. A. , Chukhina I. G.
Published: January 2024

Taxonomic studies were carried out in the collection of cultivated potato species kept in the Herbarium of Cultivated Plants of the World, Their Wild Relatives, and Weeds (WIR). It allowed us to proceed with typifying the names of intraspecific taxa within Solanum andigenum Juz. et Buk., belonging to three geographical groups: Colombian, South Peruvian, and Bolivian. The WIR herbarium collections comprise the taxonomic diversity of cultivated potatoes described by Russian taxonomists and based on the study of plant materials collected in South America during the expeditions organized by N. I. Vavilov in the late 1920s – early 1930s. Verification of protologs and herbarium specimens resulted in locating herbarium sheets that appeared to be syntypes of six varieties and eleven forms. Lectotypes were also designated for the following three forms: S. andigenum f. huaman-uma Buk. et Lech., S. andigenum f. lecke-umo Buk. et Lech., S. andigenum f. pacus Lech.
Nomenclatural standards and genetic certificates for apple-tree cultivars developed at the North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, wine-making
Authors: Ulyanovskaya E. V. , Suprun I. I. , Bogdanovich T. V. , Chernutskaya E. A. , Tokmakov S. V. , Talovina G. V.
Published: January 2024

Background. The development of genetic certificates and nomenclatural standards for newly released cultivars of Malus domestica Borkh. (apple tree) ensures an opportunity to preserve the original and authentic genetic and morphological information on domestic cultivars promising for the south of Russia. The purpose of this study was to develop genetic certificates and nomenclatural standards for 7 apple-tree cultivars developed at the North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making (NCFSCHVW), five of which were released jointly with the All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK).

Materials and methods. The materials included apple-tree cultivars resistant or immune to scab (Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Winter) from the NCFSCHVW collection stock. Conventional herbarization and DNA fingerprinting methods were used. For cultivar certification, an improved technique of DNA sampling and 12 microsatellite markers were applied.

Results. Unique DNA profile certificates and nomenclatural standards were produced for 7 apple-tree cultivars: ‘Vasilisa’, ‘Karmen’, ‘Krasny Yantar’, ‘Soyuz’ and ‘Rassvet’ (with the Rvi6 gene) released jointly by the NCFSCHVW and VNIISPK, plus ‘Zolotoye Letneye’ and ‘Feya’ developed at the NCFSCHVW. The apple-tree herbarium specimens were placed for perpetual storage in the WIR Herbarium of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR).

Conclusion. The results obtained are promising for identification and authenticity verification of new domestic apple-tree cultivars during their reproduction and cultivation.
Resistance of old winter bread wheat landraces to tan spot
Authors: Mironenko N. V. , Kovalenko N. M. , Baranova O. A. , Mitrofanova O. P.
Published: January 2024

Background. The most effective and environmentally safe way to combat wheat diseases is to produce cultivars resistant to their pathogens. For this purpose, old landraces are often used as genetically diverse sources of traits important for breeding. In the process of wheat breeding for resistance to tan spot caused by the fungus Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechs. (abbr. Ptr), selection is carried out against the dominant allele of Tsn1, the gene of sensitivity to the toxin Ptr ToxA, which induces necrosis and represents the main pathogenicity factor of Ptr controlled by the ToxA gene. The aim of the study was to characterize a set of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) accessions from the VIR collection for resistance to various Ptr populations, genotype these accessions using Xfcp623 – a DNA marker of the Tsn1 gene, and identify sources of tan spot resistance.

Materials and methods. Sixty-seven accessions of winter bread wheat landraces were studied. Seedling resistance to two Ptr populations was assessed using a 5-point scale adopted at VIZR. The allelic state of Tsn1 was identified by PCR.

Results. Dominant alleles of Tsn1 were found for 55% of the studied accessions. Seventeen accessions were resistant or moderately resistant to two Ptr populations and an isolate from Krasnodar Territory previously used for their characterization. Nine of them had the tsn1tsn1 genotype, and 8 had Tsn1Tsn1. The accessions mainly belonged to three agroecological groups proposed by N. I. Vavilov: “steppe winter bread wheat (Banatka wheats)”, “North European forest awnless bread wheats (Sandomirka wheats)”, and “Caucasian mountain winter bread wheat”.

Conclusion. The identified 17 accessions resistant to Ptr are potential breeding sources of resistance. In the studied set of accessions, no significant relationship was found between the allelic state of the Tsn1 gene in the accession and its response to the infection with pathogen populations, including isolates with the ToxA gene.
Anatomy, ploidy level, and essential oil composition of Hyssopus officinalis ʻNikitskiy Beliyʼ in vitro and ex situ
Authors: Bulavin I. V. , Ivanova N. N. , Miroshnichenko N. N. , Saplev N. M. , Feskov S. A.
Published: January 2024

Background. Clonal micropropagation is a biotechnological method for plant multiplication. The existing data on the structure of organs in vitro, genetic stability, and essential oil composition are limited for Hyssopus officinalis L., so this study was aimead at investigating these aspects under a short period of in vitro culturing.

Materials and methods. Plants of Hyssopus officinalis ʻNikitskiy Beliyʼ cultivated ex situ, in vitro and ex vitro were analyzed. Conventional methods were applied to study plant anatomy, ploidy level, and relative DNA content, as well as to extract and analyze essential oil. Statistical analysis was performed using the Past 4.03 software.

Results. According to the results obtained, with 6-BAP introduced into MS nutrient medium in optimal concentrations (0.3– 0.5 mg/L), the general in vitro structure of leaf blades in the developed microshoots was similar to those in ex situ plants, while the qualitative and quantitative changes observed were induced by the effect of specific culturing conditions and plant rejuvenation. The analysis of the ploidy level and relative DNA content in the nuclei isolated from the leaf tissue cells of the microshoots ex vitro after adaptation revealed no changes compared to the ex situ leaf parameters. The mass fraction of essential oil and its component composition in the mother plants and ex vitro regenerants were similar.

Conclusion. Cultivation of Hyssopus officinalis ʻNikitskiy Beliyʼ microshoots on MS nutrient medium with 6-BAP optimal concentrations promotes morphogenesis without significant deviations in the ploidy level, relative DNA content, essential oil yield, or its component composition. The developed protocol for clonal micropropagation of Hyssopus officinalis ʻNikitskiy Beliyʼ provides clones identical to the ex situ plants.
Diversity of barley accessions from the Asian part of Russia in greenbug resistance
Authors: Radchenko E. E. , Abdullaev R. A. , Dyatlova K. D. , Akimova D. E. , Zveinek I. A.
Published: January 2024

Background. The use of barley cultivars resistant to greenbug (Schizaphis graminum Rondani) is an effective, economical and ecology-friendly way to control the dangerous phytophage. The insect is able to overcome the resistance of the host plant, which necessitates a relentless search for new genes to ensure reliable protection of barley fields from the pest.

Materials and methods. Resistance to the Krasnodar greenbug population was assessed in 345 barley accessions from the Asian part of Russia. Besides, resistance to S. graminum was studied in cv. ‘Post’ (carrier of the Rsg1 gene), a pure line derived from cv. ‘Onokhoisky’ (k-16626, Buryatia) heterogeneous for this trait, and landraces from Mongolia (k-3885, k-3904, and k-4080). Juvenile plants were infested with aphids in the laboratory, and when a susceptible control died, the damage to experimental barley accessions was assessed using a scoring scale. Genetic control of greenbug resistance in the line derived from cv. ‘Onokhoisky’ was studied using the insect’s test clones and an analysis of the segregation in F2 hybrids from crossing the resistant line with cv. ‘Belogorsky’ susceptible to the aphid, when the plants were infested with the Krasnodar population of the phytophage and with clones of S. graminum.

Results and conclusions. We identified 7 accessions heterogeneous for aphid resistance. Among them, plants with a high level of greenbug resistance were found in three landraces from Tuva (k-14714, k-14718, and k-14733). Resistance was also clearly expressed in the line derived from cv. ‘Onokhoisky’. This cultivar is protected by a dominant allele that differs from the previously identified Rsg1, as well as from the alleles found in Mongolian landraces k-3904, k-4080, and k-3885. ‘Onokhoisky’ also has genes with low expressivity, which manifest themselves when the main gene for resistance to S. graminum appears ineffective.
Microclonal propagation of elite industrial grape cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.)
Authors: Fizikova A. Yu.
Published: January 2024

Background. The grape is one of the most economically significant berry crops: its cultivation area covers over 6.7 million hectares. Due to certain biological characteristics of grapes, such as a long juvenile period (5–8 years), a high degree of genomic heterozygosity, and the frequently encountered phenomenon of inbred depression, when homozygotization during hybridization leads to a loss of viability and production characteristics of the cultivar, vegetative propagation becomes the basis for grape reproduction and industrial cultivation. Microclonal propagation is the foundation for rejuvenation and revitalization of modern vineyards. Developing approaches for microclonal propagation of elite industrial grape cultivars remains a relevant task for the modern wine industry.

Materials and methods. The industrial grape cultivars ‘Malbec’, ‘Merlot’, ‘Chardonnay’, and ‘Riesling’ from the field collection of the All-Russian National Research institute of Viticulture and Winemaking “Magarach” were used for the work.

Results. This research succeeded in devising a universal, one-stage protocol for the microclonal propagation of elite industrial grape cultivars, such as ‘Merlot’, ‘Chardonnay’, ‘Malbec’, and ‘Riesling’, making the production of plants ready for adaptation into the soil (ex vitro) within 1 months after rooting.

Conclusion. The use of the microclonal propagation protocol developed in this study for industrial grape cultivars will reduce labor costs and shorten the time required to obtain a plant ready for adaptation to open ground two to three times.
Dynamics of variability in agronomic characters of millet cv. ‘Gorlinka’ under the climate conditions of the southern part of the East European Plain
Authors: Kulemina T. V.
Published: January 2024

Background. The change of temperature conditions is cyclic by nature. Since the 1970s this process has been intensifying several times faster towards global climate warming. The effect of high temperature and drought is expected to lead to undesirable consequences for the economy, a decrease in yields, and a threat to food security. This aspect requires an assessment of the ongoing climate changes and identification of the causes that induce the response of plants to them.

Materials and methods. The zoned millet cultivar ‘Gorlinka’ served as the material for this study. Variability was assessed from 2001 through 2019 for such characters as the duration of the growing season, grain yield, grain size, and plant height. The cultivar was tested according to VIR’s guidelines. Statistical data processing was performed using Microsoft Excel.

Results and conclusion. The climate change in the southern part of the East European Plain (Tambov Province) from 2001 to 2019 towards warming in June under sufficient moisture (HTC = 1.26) did not significantly affect the duration of the growing season or grain yield of cv. ‘Gorlinka’.
Weight method for determination of soluble β-glucans in barley grain
Authors: Popov V. S. , Konarev A. V. , Kovaleva O. N. , Konkova N. G. , Khoreva V. I.
Published: January 2024

Background. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is an important source of nutrients, such as starch, protein, and various dietary fibers. β-Glucans are soluble fibers found in high amounts in oat and barley grain, so they are becoming increasingly interesting due to their numerous functional and bioactive properties. The increased interest in β-glucans as a dietary supplement and a functional component of food calls for a convenient, inexpensive and affordable method for quantitative determination of these compounds.

Materials and methods. An overview is given on the existing techniques for determining and isolating β-glucans in cereals: IR spectroscopy, enzymatic, colorimetric, and alkaline-enzymatic methods. Their advantages and disadvantages are shown. The disadvantages of the methods considered include high costs of reagents and equipment, duration of performance, and labor intensity.

Results. This study promotes the weight method for isolation and quantitative determination of β-glucans in the grain of covered and naked barley. It is based on the modified alkaline method adapted to barley; we developed it earlier for oat grain. The amount of β-glucans in the grain of the studied barley accessions ranged from 4.12±0.23% to 5.34 ± 0.31% for naked cultivars, and from 3.57 ± 0.18% to 4.29 ± 0.32% for covered ones.

Conclusion. Based on the conducted research, optimal conditions for the isolation and quantitative determination of β-glucans from barley grain were selected: centrifugation modes, temperature and extraction ratio, concentration of compounds, precipitation and drying procedures. The main advantage of the described method is its accessibility and practical applicability when conducting mass analysis, including studying a collection of cereal crops.
Ranking of spring bread wheat genotypes according to the heading date and growing season duration in different ecogeographic environments
Authors: Novikova L. Yu. , Zuev E. V. , Brykova A. N.
Published: January 2024

Background. Adaptation of spring bread wheat cultivars to climate change requires a study of the factors affecting the length of their growing season in various environments. An attempt is made to analyze regularities in the effect of ecogeographic conditions on the correlations shown by the duration of the growing season and interphase periods in spring bread wheat genotypes.

Materials and methods. Correlation coefficients were studied for the impact of the environment and temperature on the duration of the interphase periods from sprouting to heading (SH) and from heading to yellow ripeness (HR) versus the period from sprouting to yellow ripeness (SR) in VIR’s wheat collection across 18 sites located in Russia and Uzbekistan from 41 to 60°N and from 30 to 135°E. The effect of the genotype and year on SH and HR was studied, and agrometeorological regression models of SH and HR were constructed, based on the data obtained during the studies of the collection in St. Petersburg in 1945–2021.

Results. For the sites below 52–54°N, the SR/SH correlation coefficient was generally higher than SR/HR, and in the upper latitudes it was vice versa. The change in the ratio of coefficients occurred due to an increase in the interannual variability of HR at lower temperatures. The effect of HR on SR became greater than that of SH at temperatures below 18°С during HR. The data of a long-term study in St. Petersburg demonstrated that the effect of the genotype on SH was 18.9%, with 68.9% of the year, and the effect of the factors on HR was 4.1 and 71.3%, respectively. Regression models showed that HR was determined by temperature for at least 81%, while SH had a lower coefficient of determination by weather (56%).

Conclusion. Ranking of wheat genotypes according to their heading time reflected their differentiation in earliness. A significant contribution of HR was conspicuous under temperatures below 18°C after heading at latitudes above 52–54°N.
Studying self-fertility in new black currant cultivars from the VIR collection in Northwestern Russia
Authors: Tikhonova O. A.
Published: January 2024

Background. An important task is to search for and select highly self-fertile cultivars for plant breeding programs and for setting single-cultivar plantings in commercial horticulture.

Materials and methods. Cultivars were assessed for their self-fertility levels at Pushkin and Pavlovsk Laboratories of VIR in 2019–2022. Thirty black currant cultivars of eight genetic groups served as the research material. Their levels of self-fertility were tested using conventional techniques. Free pollination served as the control. The resulting data were analyzed according to the main indicators crucial for precise characterization of a cultivar’s self-fertility level: fruit setting rate, berry weight, seed yield, and fertilization effectiveness. The data were statistically processed using Microsoft Excel and the guidelines by B. A. Dospekhov. Fruit setting rate, berry weight, seed yield and fertilization effectiveness were considered for each pollination variant.

Results and conclusion. Cultivars with high and stable self-fertility levels were identified as potential valuable sources for breeding programs: ‘Partizanka Bryanskaya’ (k-45548), ‘Ben Gairn’(k-45524), ‘Litvinovskaya’ (k-45542), ‘Mushketer’ (k-45544), ‘Raduzhnaya’ (k-45549), ‘Ben Lomond’ (k-32611), and ‘Vertikal’ (k-45528). Cvs. ‘Partizanka Bryanskaya’ (k-45548), ‘Ben Gairn’ (k-45524), ‘Mushketer’ (k-45544), and ‘Vertikal’ (k-45528) may be used in single-cultivar plantings because they are able to set the same number of berries under natural self-pollination and free pollination. Natural self-pollination (autogamy) led to a decrease in the size of berries and the number of seeds in them. An increase in the main self-fertility indicators was observed under artificial self-pollination and free pollination.
The role of perceived responsibility in patient complaint management
Authors: Ghrab Hatem , Baaziz Mohamed , BEN ABDERRAHMAN Abderraouf , Sariati Dorsaf Sariati
Published: January 2024

  

When customers complain, they express their dissatisfaction with a company or a service provider and request that their complaints are processed. Accordingly, this paper tries to determine the role of perceived responsibility in managing complaints following a service dysfunction. After a review of the relevant literature, we propose a research model that estimates how perceived responsibility mediates the contribution of justice dimensions to customer satisfaction and this latter’s effect on the relationship between perceived quality and perceived justice dimensions. The proposed model is tested on a sample of 350 patients from several private clinics located in Tunis. 
Mathematical Predicted Values Based on Sombor Descriptors for Cyclooctane Chains
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan, Ahmad Shabbir , Malik Mehar Ali ,   Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering (CEME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Rawalpindi, Pakistan, Imran Muhammad ,   Department of Mathematics, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan, Azeem Muhammad ,   Department of Mathematics, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
Published: January 2024

Cyclooctane group is a significant kind of cycloalkane in the field of computing chemistry. These compounds are considered macro cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The intriguing properties and conformational behaviors of Cyclooctane have led to their extensive utilization across various uses in both the alchemical and organic production. In our research, we explore the constructional attributes of Cyclooctane group by examining their primary graph framework. We take into account the unsystematically group with various possibilities and proceed to calculate the mathematical expectation structural value of a particular structure specific to Cyclooctane. These descriptors are derived from a partition based on atom degrees and a more detailed partition called sum-degree partition. Furthermore, we conduct a comparative analysis encompassing various descriptors that are a part of our study. Additionally, we highlight distinctive categories of Cyclooctane chains that exhibit specific values within these descriptors.