bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three-component analysis of regional seismograms
Authors: Jepsen D. C. , Kennett B. L. N.
Published: September 2021

Both phased array techniques for single-component sensors and vectorial analysis of three-component recordings can provide estimates of the azimuth and slowness of seismic phases. However, a combination of these approaches provides a more powerful tool to estimate the propagation characteristics of different seismic phases at regional distances.

Conventional approaches to the analysis of three-component seismic records endeavor to exploit the apparent angles of propagation in horizontal and vertical planes as well as the polarization of the waves. The basic assumption is that for a given time window there is a dominant wavetype (e.g., a P wave) traveling in a particular direction arriving at the seismic station. By testing a range of characteristics of the three-component records, a set of rules can be established for classifying much of the seismogram in terms of wavetype and direction. It is, however, difficult to recognize SH waves in the presence of other wavetypes. Problems also arise when more than one signal (in either wavetype or direction) arrive in the same window. The stability and robustness of the classification scheme is much improved when records from an array of three-component sensors are combined.

For a set of three-component instruments forming part of a larger array, it is possible to estimate the slowness and azimuth of arrivals from the main array and then extract the relative proportions of the current P-, SV-, and SH-wave contributions to the seismogram. This form of wavetype decomposition depends on a model of near-surface propagation. A convenient choice for hard-rock sites is to include just the effect of the free surface, which generates a frequency-independent operation on the three-component seismograms and which is not very sensitive to surface velocities. This approach generates good estimates of the character of the S wavefield, because the phase distortion of SV induced by the free surface can be removed. The method has been successfully applied to regional seismograms recorded at the medium aperture Warramunga array in northern Australia, and the two small arrays NORESS and ARCESS in Norway, which were designed for studies of regional phases.

The new wavefield decomposition scheme provides results in which the relative proportions of P, SV, and SH waves as a function of time can be compared without the distortion imposed by free surface amplification. Such information can provide a useful adjunct to existing measures of signal character used in source discrimination.
Upper mantle structure along a profile from Oslo (NORESS) to Helsinki to Leningrad, based on explosion seismology
Authors: Ryaboy Vladislav
Published: September 2021

Waveforms from the NORESS array were analyzed for 147 industrial explosions during the 1985 to 1988 period, along a profile running east from Oslo (NORESS) to Helsinki to Leningrad (OHL profile). The events were 250 to 1300 km from NORESS and had local magnitude in the range 2.0 to 3.5. Event locations and origin times constrained by the University of Helsinki's regional seismic network provide a reliable basis for travel-time estimation at NORESS. We also used data recorded by NORSAR in 1979 for three shots on the FENNOLORA north-south, long-range seismic profile, which were near the OHL profile. Analysis of mantle P-wave signals from the explosions showed that first arrivals could be traced continuously to a distance of 750 to 800 km, where there is a cutoff and shift of approximately 2.0 to 2.5 sec in the travel-time curve and an increase in average apparent velocity. Interpretation of the observed travel times and waveforms for this profile suggests a low-velocity zone from approximately 105 to 135 km depth. Combined analysis of the seismic data with a Bouguer gravity map indicates the presence in the upper mantle of a high-velocity, high-density body of linear extent approximately from 200 to 300 to 500 to 600 km east of the NORESS array. It is postulated that this body may represent the root of an ancient volcanic system, in which lighter, silicic constituents were depleted from the upper mantle during the eruptive phase.
F-K analysis of NORESS array and single station data to identify sources of near-receiver and near-source scattering
Authors: Gupta I. N. , Lynnes C. S. , McElfresh T. W. , Wagner R. A.
Published: September 2021

F-k analyses of short-period recordings of both explosion and earthquake sources at the high-frequency NORESS array indicate secondary arrivals from a near-receiver source about 25 to 30 km southwest of the array. Use of residual seismograms, derived by subtracting the beamed record from each array channel, improved the identification of the same scatterer. F-k power difference plots, obtained by subtracting (after normalization) the f-k power versus slowness estimates for the initial P window from those for the latter windows, provided nearly identical results. The secondary seismic source appears to be short-period surface waves, Rg, generated by the scattering of incident P waves in the region of Lake Mjosa, 27 km southwest of NORESS, where there is about 1 km of relief from the bottom of the lake to the top of an adjacent hill. Polarization analysis of an explosion recorded on three-component elements of NORESS also suggested a secondary phase with polarization characteristic of Rg and arrival time and azimuth consistent with those derived from the f-k analysis. Near-source scattering is investigated by f-k analysis of data from reciprocal arrays formed by interchanging the roles of source and receiver. Application to closely spaced Yucca Flat (NTS) shots recorded at several stations provides evidence for Rg → P scattering near the northwestern and other basin boundaries of the Yucca Valley. It seems that deterministic locations of near-receiver P → Rg and near-source Rg → P scattering can be obtained by f-k techniques.
Simultaneous inversion forQand source parameters of microearthquakes accompanying hydraulic fracturing in granitic rock
Authors: Fehler Michael , Phillips W. Scott
Published: September 2021

An inversion that fits spectra of earthquake waveforms and gives robust estimates of corner frequency and low-frequency spectral amplitude has been used to determine source parameters of 223 microearthquakes induced by hydraulic fracturing in granodiorite. Assuming a ω−2 source model, the inversion fits the P-wave spectra of microearthquake waveforms to determine individual values of corner frequency and low-frequency spectral amplitude for each event and one average frequency-independent Q for all source-receiver paths. We also implemented a constraint that stress drops of all microearthquakes be similar but not equal and found that this constraint did not significantly degrade the quality of the fits to the spectra. The waveforms analyzed were recorded by a borehole seismometer. The P-wave Q was found to be 1070. For Q values as low as 600 and as high as 3000, the misfit between model and spectra increased by less than 5 per cent and the average corner frequency changed by less than 15 per cent from those obtained with a Q of 1070. Average stress drop was 3.7 bars. Seismic moments obtained from spectra ranged from 1013 to 1018 dyne-cm. The low stress drops are interpreted to result from underestimation of the actual stress drops because of a nonuniform distribution of stress drop and slip along the fault planes. Spatially varying stress drops and slips result from the strong rock heterogeneity due to the injection of fluid into the rock. Stress drops were found to be larger near the edges of the seismic zone, in regions that had not been seismically active during previous injections.

The seismic moments determined from spectra were used to obtain a coda length-to-moment relation. Then, moments were estimated for 1149 events from measurements of coda lengths from events whose moments could not be measured from spectra because of saturation or a low signal-to-noise ratio. The constant of proportionality between cumulative number of events and seismic moment is higher than that found for tectonic regions. The slope is so high that the seismic energy release is dominated by the large number of small events. In the absence of information about the number of events smaller than we studied, we cannot estimate the total seismic energy released by the hydraulic injection.
High-frequency seismic noise as a function of depth
Authors: Carter Jerry A. , Barstow Noel , Pomeroy Paul W. , Chael Eric P. , Leahy Patrick J.
Published: September 2021

Evidence is presented supporting the view that high-frequency seismic noise decreases with increased depth. Noise amplitudes are higher near the free surface where surface-wave noise, cultural noise, and natural (wind-induced) noise predominate. Data were gathered at a hard-rock site in the northwestern Adirondack lowlands of northern New York. Between 15- and 40-Hz noise levels at this site are more than 10 dB less at 945-m depth than they are at the surface, and from 40 to 100 Hz the difference is more than 20 dB. In addition, time variability of the spectra is shown to be greater at the surface than at either 335- or 945-m depths. Part of the difference between the surface and subsurface noise variability may be related to wind-induced noise. Coherency measurements between orthogonal components of motion show high-frequency seismic noise is more highly organized at the surface than it is at depth. Coherency measurements between the same component of motion at different vertical offsets show a strong low-frequency coherence at least up to 945-m vertical offsets. As the vertical offset decreases, the frequency band of high coherence increases.
Reporting history of the Central Aleutians Seismograph Network and the quiescence preceding the 1986 Andreanof Island earthquake
Authors: Wyss Max
Published: September 2021

The earthquake catalog of the Central Aleutian Seismic Network (CASN) was searched systematically for significant rate changes in the period from 1976 through 1985. The magnitude signatures for the nine changes were modeled by synthetic signatures. By this method, six of the rate changes could be identified as artificial, based on the criteria that the rate change was confined to small magnitude events and that magnitude shifts were present. For each of these changes an artificial cause existed that affected the network within one to two months of the time of change as estimated from the catalog analysis. One of these cases was a rate decrease by a factor of 2 associated with a storm that had put out of operation two thirds of the network. Another change coincided with the introduction of digital data processing. The four remaining cases were artificial reporting rate increases due to installation of several new stations or to repair of several stations that had failed. The three rate changes that could not be identified unambiguously as artificial or natural on the basis of magnitude signatures were all rate decreases by factors of approximately 2. Two of these were clearly due to disasters that had put out of operation more than half of the network. The third was the proposed precursory quiescence to the 1986 Andreanof Island (M = 7.9) earthquake. From this we conclude that, without knowledge of the network history, many of the artificial reporting rate changes in earthquake catalogs can be identified as artificial and that their onset time can be estimated to within one to two months.

An earthquake count, independent from the Adak catalog, was obtained from the Helicorder records of the station Adak for the years 1978 through 1985 for the vicinity of Adak island. Of a total of 1831 events, 335 were not in the Adak catalog and 981 were located within the 1986 aftershock area. The Helicorder earthquake count showed a pronounced decrease by about 50 per cent, similar in amount to that in the Adak catalog. However, the decrease started in 1980, at a time when in the central subregion covered by the Adak catalog only M ≧ 2.9 events decreased, while the smaller magnitude bands show a maximum decrease in 1982. We conclude that the possibility could not be ruled out that electronics changes contributed to the reporting rate decrease starting in the years 1980 to 1982. However, it seems very unlikely that a network that was at its healthiest during the precursor time would be reduced by an improvement in the electronics to a detection level approximately equal to that in two short periods when only one third of the stations were operating. Therefore, the seismic quiescence reported and interpreted as a precursor by Kisslinger et al. (1985) was most likely a natural phenomenon.
Inversion of regional surface-wave spectra for source parameters of aftershocks from the Loma Prieta earthquake
Authors: Beck Susan L. , Patton Howard J.
Published: September 2021

Surface waves recorded at regional distances are used to study the source parameters for three of the larger aftershocks of the 18 October 1989, Loma Prieta, California, earthquake. The short-period P-wave first-motion focal mechanisms indicate a complex aftershock sequence with a wide variety of mechanisms. Many of these events are too small for teleseismic body-wave analysis; therefore, the regional surface-waves provide important long-period information on the source parameters. Intermediate-period Rayleigh- and Love-wave spectra are inverted for the seismic moment tensor elements at a fixed depth and repeated for different depths to find the source depth that gives the best fit to the observed spectra. For the aftershock on 19 October at 10:14:35 (md = 4.2), we find a strike-slip focal mechanism with right lateral motion on a NW-trending vertical fault consistent with the mapped trace of the local faults. For the aftershock on 18 October at 10:22:04 (md = 4.4), the surface waves indicate a pure reverse fault with the nodal planes striking WNW. For the aftershock on 19 October at 09:53:50 (md = 4.4), the surface waves indicate a strike-slip focal mechanism with a NW-trending vertical nodal plane consistent with the local strike of the San Andreas fault. Differences between the surface-wave focal mechanisms and the short-period P-wave first-motion mechanisms are observed for the aftershocks analyzed. This discrepancy may reflect the real variations due to differences in the band width of the two observations. However, the differences may also be due to (1) errors in the first-motion mechanism due to incorrect near-source velocity structure and (2) errors in the surface-wave mechanisms due to inadequate propagation path corrections.
Analyses of recorded responses of two high-rise buildings during the Loma Prieta earthquake of 18 October 1989
Authors: Şafak Erdal , Çelebi Mehmet
Published: September 2021

Complete sets of acceleration records from two extensively instrumented high-rise buildings in the San Francisco Bay Area, the Transamerica Building and the Pacific Park Plaza building, have been obtained during the 18 october 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. The pyramid-shaped Transamerica Building is 60-stories high with square cross section and steel frame construction, whereas the Y-shaped Pacific Park Plaza building is 30-stories high with three wings and of reinforced concrete moment-resisting frame construction. By using recorded motions, we identify the modal components of the response for each building, determine three-dimensional behavior and coupled modes, and investigate the torsional and soil-structure interaction effects.

The results show that the motion of the Transamerica Building is dominated by a coupled mode at 0.28 Hz. with 5% damping in the SW - NE direction. Another dominant mode at 0.52 Hz. with 4% damping is observed only in the E-W direction. There is also rocking in the building with a frequency of 2.15 Hz and 5% damping.

The dominant mode of the Pacific Park Plaza building is a translation in the SW-NE direction with a frequency of 0.4 Hz, and 13% damping. Other significant modes are at 0.7, 1.94, 3.93, and 4.39 Hz, and all are coupled modes. Relative wing displacements with respect to center core are large, about 50% of the center core displacements. The soil-structure interaction influences the motions at 0.7 Hz, and this is believed to be the frequency of the soil medium surrounding the building.

Both buildings were investigated prior to the earthquake by using ambient and forced vibrations tests and dynamic analyses. We find that identified frequencies in this study are lower and damping ratios are higher than those obtained from the previous investigations.
A re-examination of historic earthquakes in the San Jacinto fault zone, California
Authors: Bent Allison L. , Helmberger Donald V.
Published: September 2021

The high level of seismic activity and the potential for large earthquakes in the San Jacinto fault zone, southern California, make it desirable to have accurate locations and source parameters for as many previous events as possible. Prior to the installation of a dense seismic network in this region, earthquakes were located using only a few stations with generally poor azimuthal coverage resulting in considerable uncertainty in the locations. We relocate and obtain moment estimates for historic (pre-WWSSN) earthquakes in the western Imperial Valley by comparing the waveforms and travel times with recent earthquakes in the region. All the events are in the ML 5.5 to 6.5 range. The historic earthquakes of interest occurred in 1937, 1942, and 1954. We use the 1968 Borrego Mountain, 1969 Coyote Mountain, and 1987 Elmore Ranch earthquakes as calibration events. We employ regional and teleseismic data from continuously operating stations, with Pasadena, DeBilt, Berkeley, Ottawa, and St. Louis recording most of the events. The waveforms imply that all the events are almost pure strike-slip events on vertical or near-vertical faults. Approximate values for the strikes were obtained and are within the range of observed strikes for well-studied earthquakes in this region. The earthquakes are relocated by comparing S-P and surface-wave - S travel times of historic events with the presumably well-located recent events. The relocations require only a small change in location for the 1954 event and a larger adjustment in the 1942 epicenter. It also appears that the 1969 earthquake may have been mislocated. The moment estimates are obtained by direct comparison of the maximum amplitudes. The moment estimates imply that the 1968 and not the 1942 earthquake is the largest to have occurred in the region this century. Previous magnitude estimates suggested the 1942 event was larger.
Aplicación de un robot colaborativo de dos brazos para resolver el cubo de Rubik
Authors: Fernández Garazi , Herrán Asier , Mancisidor Aitziber , Pérez César , Cabanes Itziar
Published: September 2021

Con objeto de entretener y acercar al usuario al mundo de la robótica, este trabajo presenta una célula robotizada para la resolución de cubos de Rubik. El sistema está formado por el robot colaborativo YuMi de dos brazos y una cámara de visión artificial. Gracias a esta cámara, el sistema es capaz de detectar la posición y la configuración del cubo de Rubik, además de identificar si se trata de un cubo de 2x2 o de 3x3. Una vez detectado el cubo, el robot utiliza los dos brazos para resolver el cubo con el mínimo número de giros y movimientos posibles. Adicionalmente, con el fin de aumentar la comunicación entre el sistema y el usuario, se le ha añadido una pantalla táctil y un módulo de sonido.
A Video Summarization Approach to Speed-up the Analysis of Child Sexual Exploitation Material
Authors: Biswas Rubel , Chaves Deisy , Fernández-Robles Laura , Fidalgo Eduardo , Alegre Enrique
Published: September 2021

Identifying key content from a video is essential for many security applications such as motion/action detection, person re-identification and recognition. Moreover, summarizing the key information from Child Sexual Exploitation Materials, especially videos, which mainly contain distinctive scenes including people’s faces is crucial to speed-up the investigation of Law Enforcement Agencies. In this paper, we present a video summarization strategy that combines perceptual hashing and face detection algorithms to keep the most relevant frames of a video containing people’s faces that may correspond to victims or offenders. Due to legal constraints to access Child Sexual Abuse datasets, we evaluated the performance of the proposed strategy during the detection of adult pornography content with the NDPI-800 dataset. Also, we assessed the capability of our strategy to create video summaries preserving frames with distinctive faces from the original video using ten additional short videos manually labeled. Results showed that our approach can detect pornography content with an accuracy of 84.15% at a speed of 8.05 ms/frame making this appropriate for realtime applications.
Desarrollo de gemelos digitales para la simulación e integración de activos de fabricación en la industria 4.0
Authors: Orive Darío , López Alejandro , Estévez Estévez Elisabet , Orive Adrián , Marcos Marga
Published: September 2021

El paradigma de la Industria 4.0 plantea el uso de herramientas y tecnologías que aumenten la eficiencia y la capacidad de adaptación de los procesos productivos para hacer frente a un mercado globalizado y con una alta competitividad. El concepto de Gemelo Digital es clave en el contexto de la Industria 4.0, y ha sido objeto de interés para la industria y la academia. Sin embargo, no hay consenso en la definición de este concepto, existiendo principalmente tres interpretaciones: la primera define un Gemelo Digital como un modelo de simulación de alta precisión; la segunda lo interpreta como una representación virtual del estado y el comportamiento de un activo de fabricación para su integración en la Industria 4.0; y la tercera, de reciente aparición, plantea la combinación de las anteriores. En este trabajo, se propone una metodología para la implementación de Gemelos Digitales que se ajusten a esta tercera interpretación. De esta forma, se proponen acciones concretas para la implementación de un Gemelo Digital que tenga capacidad de simular una estación y realizar su puesta en marcha virtual, además de facilitar su integración en la Industria 4.0.
Experimental Evaluation of Single-Phase Shunt Active Power Filter Based on Optimized Synergetic Control Strategy for Power Quality Enhancement
Authors: Gherouat Oussama , Hassam Abdelouahab , Aissa Oualid , Babes Badreddine
Published: September 2021

In this paper, a synergetic approach based on particle swarm optimization (SC-PSO) technique is proposed for Single-Phase Shunt Active Power Filter (SP-SAPF). Two-loop cascade controller for SP-SAPF has been designed. In the first loop, a PI controller is used to effectively regulate the DC link voltage. In the second one, a synergetic controller is performed in the current compensation control loop. The various adjustable parameters of the studied synergetic controller are tuned by a PSO algorithm. The objective of this adjustment is to get the optimal control parameters for satisfying requirements of power quality and high dynamic responses for SP-SAPF. The effectiveness of the suggested SC-PSO approach has been proved by simulation and experimental tests using MATLAB/Simulink environment and dSPACE 1104 card for several operating conditions. The experimental results demonstrate that the developed SC-PSO approach is very satisfactory and offers a high performance for both transient and steady states.
Понятие и характерные черты производства по делам об административных правонарушениях, осуществляемого пограничными органами в отношении юридических лиц
Authors: Редкоус Владимир Михайлович , Дуванов Николай Юрьевич
Published: September 2021

В статье с позиции системного и деятельностного подходов рассмотрено понятие производства по делам об административных правонарушениях, осуществляемого пограничными органами в отношении юридических лиц. Производство по делам об административных правонарушениях, подведомственным пограничным органам, рассмотрено в качестве важнейшего вида административно-процессуальной деятельности юрисдикционного характера, осуществляемого пограничными органами в пределах своей подведомственности в контексте правового обеспечения национальной безопасности. Выделены особенности рассматриваемого производства, к которым отнесены: характер материально-правового спора, который связан с разрешением вопросов, возникающих в связи с необходимостью обеспечения государственной безопасности и национальной безопасности в целом; субъектный состав; особый характер вины юридического лица, трудности ее установления и доказывания.
The Role of Institutional Repositories in the Dissemination and Impact of Community-Based Research
Authors: Bradley Cara
Published: September 2021

Objective – The goals of this study were to 1) characterize the quantity and nature of research outputs created by or in cooperation with community-based research units (CBRUs) at Canadian universities; 2) assess dissemination practices and patterns with respect to these outputs; 3) understand the current and potential roles of institutional repositories (IRs) in disseminating community-based research (CBR).
Methods – The researcher consulted and consolidated online directories of Canadian universities to establish a list of 47 English language institutions. Working from this list of universities, the researcher investigated each in an attempt to identify any CBRUs within the institutions. Ultimately, these efforts resulted in a list of 25 CBRUs. All but 1 of these were from universities that also have IRs, so 24 CBRUs were included for further analysis. The researcher visited the website for each CBRU in February 2021 and, using the data on the site, created a list of each project that the CBRU has been involved in or facilitated over the past 10 years (2010-2020). An Excel spreadsheet was used to record variables relating to the nature and accessibility of outputs associated with each project.
Results – These 24 CBRUs listed 525 distinct projects completed during the past 10 years (2010-2020). The number of projects listed on the CBRU sites varied widely from 2 to 124, with a median of 13. Outputs were most frequently reports (n=375, which included research reports, whitepapers, fact sheets, and others), with journal articles (n=74) and videos (n= 42) being less common, and other formats even less frequent. The dissemination avenues for these CBRU projects are roughly divided into thirds, with approximately one third of the projects’ results housed on the CBRU websites, another third in IRs, and a final third in “other” locations (third party websites, standalone project websites, or not available). Some output types, like videos and journal articles, were far less likely to be housed in IRs. There was a significantly higher deposit rate in faculty or department-based CBRUs, as opposed to standalone CBRUs.
Conclusion – The results of this study indicate that academic libraries and their IRs play an important role in the dissemination of CBR outputs to the broader public. The findings also confirm that there is more work to be done; academic librarians, CBRU staff, and researchers can work together to expand access to, and potentially increase the impact of, CBR. Ideally, this would result in all CBRU project outputs being widely available, as well as providing more consistent access points to these bodies of work.
Curriculum Development Management In Increasing Student Excellence Research Context (Multisite Study at MTsN 1 Trenggalek and MTsN 2 Trenggalek)
Authors: Al Fata M. Triono , Adi Imam Fu’ , Na’im Ngainun , Patoni Achmad , , Maftukhin , , Akhyak
Published: September 2021

This research is motivated by the design of curriculum development management which has a strategic position in increasing student excellence.  Improving student excellence is an opportunity for madrasas as educational institutions that can produce a generation of superior, capable, strong character, following the civilization of the times.  Madrasas that have curriculum development designs by taking into account the strengths of students in accordance with their respective potential advantages will provide space and opportunities for students to strengthen their character and excellence.  This research uses a qualitative approach with a field research design.  The results of this study are, the design of curriculum development that is centered on knowledge, the design of curriculum development in madrasas consists of planning based on the foundation, principles, and goals of education with the vision, mission of the madrasa and programs to increase student excellence determined by the educational institution.
Digital Transformation of Technological Support of Production in Small Enterprises
Authors: Bulavin V.F. , Bulavina T.G. , Koshutin D.V. , Yakhrichev V.V. , Stepanov A.S.
Published: September 2021

Technological transformation involves the integration of medium and small machine-building enterprises into a single field of virtual factories. The integration is based on the strategy of transition to digital production within the framework of national projects and the National Technology Initiative. Divergent thinking is regarded as a driving factor in production and management, which significantly affects all aspects of socio-economic activity. The convergent application of CAD / CAM / CAPP / CAE / CAO ideologies is at the initial stage of use, while individual process components are widely used at all levels of enterprises. The paper considers the development of a group of competencies that ensure the combination of advanced production technologies, as well as their distribution in the field of small and medium-sized machine-building enterprises. The production for markets of new qualities and the development of high-tech directions in the industry lead to the production of globally competitive products. To respond to these trends, deep automation, digitalization, and intellectualization of production processes are required, which implies the combination of material and digital virtual production. A dynamic environment and the challenges it entails need quick and effective decisions to remain competitive in the long term and the ability to accelerate adaptation processes. These total changes are accompanied by the development of fundamentally new business processes at all levels.
Methods for determining the bearing capacity and extreme pressure properties of lubricants used in heavy-loaded tribodynamic couplings of metallurgical machines and units
Authors: Kharchenko M.V. , Nefediev S.P. , Dema R.R. , Latypov O.R.
Published: September 2021

To solve contact problems related to the study of the interaction between a lubricated or non-lubricated friction pair, we used standard equipment - friction machines and tribometers. However, the use of factory-made research equipment does not always allow us to accurately answer the questions concerning the tribotechnical characteristics of friction and wear processes under specific operating conditions. A review of the literature on the technical capabilities of testing machines showed that their main drawback is the inability to programmatically set the modes of acceleration of the tribological system and tracking slippage in real-time. The study revealed the need to develop a methodology for investigating the extreme pressure properties of liquid lubricants in the tribocoupling acceleration mode, which is caused primarily by the effect of high contact loads acting in the contact areas of friction pairs, e.g. gears, rolling bearings, etc. when technological machines and equipment start and reach the operating speed. The paper considers a modernized friction machine capable of programmatically setting acceleration modes and investigating tribodynamic processes of lubricated frictional couplings. We developed a technique that makes it possible to evaluate the efficiency of a liquid lubricant during acceleration and its effect on the wear of a lubricated contact based on the use of the modernized friction machine.
Cuando el remedio resulta peor que la enfermedad: riesgos el control administrativo de precios
Authors: Gonzáles Cucho José Carlos , Yábar Palacios Samuel
Published: September 2021

Durante el estado de emergencia, el país ha sufrido el desabastecimiento de ciertos productos y servicios esenciales. Para lidiar frente a dicha situación, el Poder Legislativo y el Poder Ejecutivo han tomado una serie de medidas. El control de precio se presenta como una de las alternativas que a nivel político y mediático suelen ser propuestas.En el presente artículo se analizan los tipos de control de precios a cargo de la Administración Pública, su posibilidad de implementación en el ordenamiento jurídico peruano y sus efectos en el mercado. Asimismo, se proponen alternativas al empleo de este instrumento.
Failing Firm Defense a la ecuatoriana. Algunos aportes y reflexiones sobre la nueva excepción de empresa en crisis
Authors: Navarrete Serrano Mario
Published: September 2021

El 20 de abril de 2020, la Superintendencia de Control del Poder de Mercado publicó la Resolución SCPM-DS-2020-018 con la que instaura un proceso abreviado o fast-track para investigar ciertas operaciones sujetas al régimen de notificación obligatoria ex ante. Lo que se explorará en este artículo es uno de los supuestos que califican para beneficiarse del proceso abreviado: la excepción de empresa en crisis o failing-firm defense. De manera resumida, la Superintendencia de Control del Poder de Mercado ha dicho que ahora se tardará menos tiempo en la revisión de operaciones que tengan como objetivo una compañía en dificultades económicas y traza los parámetros materiales que usará para guiar esa decisión. Sin embargo, esa inclusión trae consigo mucho más de lo que aparenta.
Distanciamiento empresarial: riesgo de “contagio” en alianzas y fusiones
Authors: Poirier-Garneau Vincent , Zumaeta Castro Fiorella
Published: September 2021

Los acuerdos de colaboración y las fusiones y adquisiciones son operaciones frecuentes que viabilizan la materialización de eficiencias. Sin embargo, existe el riesgo de que estas sean utilizadas con la finalidad de reducir o eliminar presiones competitivas, entre otros aspectos. Es por esta razón que es necesario que las autoridades de competencia, antes de aprobar una operación de este calibre, realicen una evaluación rigurosa, pero, a su vez, ceñida a los parámetros de razonabilidad, tanto en tiempo normales como en tiempos de crisis.En el presente artículo, los autores analizan diversas alternativas de crecimiento inorgánico a través de la experiencia nacional, regional y comparada, con la finalidad de exponer la necesidad de una estructuración cuidadosa de las operaciones acompañada de la implementación de buenas prácticas en materia de competencia, condiciones que deben mantenerse en tiempos normales y en tiempos críticos como el que se vive a nivel mundial por el COVID-19.
Characterization of Campylobacter jejuni An Important Zoonotic Food Borne Pathogen from Mastitis Milk and Raw Milk Samples
Authors: Bobade Sumedha , Vijayarani K. , Tirumurugaan K.G. , Thangavelu A. , Vairamuthu S.
Published: September 2021

Background: Campylobacter has emerged as an important zoonotic food borne pathogen of human and animals worldwide. Campylobacter is one of the most common bacterial enteropathogens of food borne origin in industrialized countries with C. jejuni being the most common species followed by C. coli. There are very few cases reported from mastitis therefore this study was aimed to determine the incidence of Campylobacter jejuni from from mastitis milk and raw milk samples. Methods: Total of 72 milk samples comprising mastitis milk (20) and raw milk (52) were collected. The samples were subjected to cultural examination, biochemical as well as molecular identification. The isolates were further subjected to phenotypic characterization by biochemical test and genotypic characterization by Polymerase Chain Reaction. The isolates were subjected to PCR targeting hip O and MAP A genes. Result: The 52 samples showed growth on modified Blood Free Charcoal Cefoperazone Deoxycholate agar media and 18 (34.61%) samples showed typical morphological characteristics. The result revealed that 10 (19.23%) isolates were positive by phenotypic characteristic and 7(70%) by Polymerase chain reaction for C. jejuni. The outcome result showed that importance of Campylobacter jejuni in cattle, especially raw milk and milk from mastitis cows, as a potential source for transmission of Campylobacteriosis in human and dairy farm environment. This can cause acute bacterial gastroenteritis in humans and associated with foodborn infection, food safety and a serious public health threat.
Non-invasive Monitoring of Antioxidants and Stress in Captive Indian Leopards
Authors: Sarode R.M. , Das A. , Bhardwaj Y. , Sharma A.K.
Published: September 2021

Background: Captive Indian leopards are exposed to different kind of stresses part of which can be alleviated through supplementation of carotenoids. However, invasive monitoring of antioxidants is often pro-act as a stressor itself. Hence, use of non-invasive monitoring of antioxidants and stress would be desirable. However, before recommendation, such non-invasive procedures must be compared with conventional ones. Hence, this experiment was designed to compare the cortisol and total antioxidants (TAA) status measured either in serum or faecal samples. Methods: Three diets were tested on twelve adult leopards (7 M and 5 F, BW ranging from 45-63 kg) in an experiment based on replicated Latin square design comprising of three treatments, three periods and three sequences and four animals in each sequence. The ratio of buffalo meat: chicken carcass was 100:0, 90:10 and 80:10 in groups CON, GI and GII, respectively. Result: Intake and absolute quantity of carotenoids absorbed increased (P less than 0.01) with increased level of chicken carcass; however, efficiency of absorption was lower (P less than 0.05) in GII as compared to other two groups. Faecal concentrations of cortisol decreased (P less than 0.0001) and TAA increased (P less than 0.0001) with increased level of carotenoids in the diet. Irrespective of the dietary treatments, concentration of cortisol was lower (P less than 0.0001) and TAA was higher in faecal as compared to serum samples. Regression analysis revealed positive relationship between serum and faecal sample assay with respect to both TAA and cortisol. Thus, faecal samples could be used to monitor cortisol and antioxidant status in Indian leopards. Assay of faecal samples indicated that replacement of buffalo meat with chicken at 20% in the diet improved the antioxidants and alleviated stress in captive leopards.
Nowoczesna teoria portfelowa jako efektywny sposób budowania portfela inwestycyjnego
Authors: Fryzeł Mateusz
Published: September 2021

W pracy porównano portfele inwestycyjne budowane na podstawie różnego rodzaju wskaźników tak, aby stworzyć najbardziej efektywne portfele dla odmiennych profili inwestorów w celu porównania efektywności portfeli opartych na podstawowych założeniach maksymalizacji zysku lub ryzyka i portfela opartego na założeniu Markowitza. Badaniem objęto grupę 25 spółek akcyjnych w dwóch okresach, hossy — od października 2016 do lipca 2017 oraz bessy — od stycznia do października 2018 roku. Jako metody badania wykorzystano analizę stóp zwrotu, odchyleń standardowych i wyników osiąganych przez poszczególne portfele. Artykuł pokazuje, że metoda Markowitza nie jest kryterium, które jednoznacznie wskazuje najefektywniejszy portfel inwestycyjny. Wyniki portfeli podlegają indywidualnej interpretacji przez inwestorów i mogą stanowić alternatywę dla typowego podejścia do inwestowania w akcje. Przedstawione wyniki mogą być rekomendacją dla inwestorów podejmujących ponadprzeciętne ryzyko lub wychodzących z założenia, że tylko portfele o dużym odchyleniu standardowym cechują się wyższymi niż średnie stopami zwrotu.
„Dirty Hands” versus „Clean Models”, czyli o potrzebie międzydyscyplinarnych badań w ekonomii i socjologii. Nowe imperatywy badawcze w naukach społecznych
Authors: Morawska Wiktoria
Published: September 2021

Celem artykułu jest wskazanie nowych wyzwań socjologii i ekonomii — uwikłanych w kontekst zjawisk globalizacji, segmentacji rynku i „społeczeństwa konsumentów”. Efektem tych przemian jest potrzeba postawienia imperatywu interdyscyplinarnego eksplorowania nowych obszarów badawczych. Artykuł zawiera przekrojowy rys historyczny socjologii ekonomicznej oraz asumptów do rozwoju heterodoksyjnych nurtów ekonomii. Dotyczy to krytycznej analizy gospodarki i problemów jej polaryzacji według S. Sassen, teorii społecznego zakorzenienia gospodarki M. Granovettera, socjologii gospodarki na Uniwersytecie Harvarda, modeli W. Morawskiego, czy tez o „brudnych łapach” i „czystych modelach” P. Hirscha, S. Michaelsa i R. Friedmana. Największą wartością jest wykazanie potrzeby interdyscyplinarności współczesnej ekonomii i redefiniowania pozycji dyscyplin o niskim prestiżu społecznym, włączając je do głównego nurtu badawczego. Kluczowe stało się odrzucenie dyskursu generowania i określania granic dyscyplin. Tak przyjęty imperatyw wynika z przekonania, że współczesna rzeczywistość wymaga nie tylko analizy ekonomicznej, lecz także metaforycznego „połączenia sił” w ramach nauk społecznych, humanistycznych i ścisłych.
Nie-ludzcy mieszkańcy Tatr. Dwa modele opowieści niezwykłych
Authors: Ługowska Jolanta
Published: September 2021

Non-human residents of the mountains as well as exciting encounters with them are the subjects of two types of accounts: naive and sophisticated. The former is associated with the perspective of a carrier of folk tradition; it reveals a collective point of view, it is a “local” story rooted in specific cultural tradition supported by the experience and testimony of the local authorities. A sophisticated narrative is characteristic of original texts thematically linked to the mountains and mountaineering. While folkloristic texts are dominated by a tendency to identify the extraordinary event narrated with a traditional cultural pattern and its peculiar precedents (a whole series of similar events attested by reliable witnesses), in literary works (by, for example, Rafał Malczewski, Wawrzyniec Żuławski or Jan Długosz) the narrator focuses on his own experiences, sensations and emotions, on presenting his own vision of the event, often with a characteristic question mark concerning the status of the reported events. Yet both types of accounts — taking into consideration obvious cultural differences and in the case of literary works also those relating to the sphere of writers’ intentions — seem to share the universal human need to experience a particular kind of fear defined by Rudolf Otto as misterium tremendum. It denotes the eternal human fascination with the sphere of the uncanny, related in the case of the Tatra tales under analysis to a peculiar intuition — demonstrated in them – of the presence in the mountains of supranatural beings, demons and ghosts.
Prasa polska okresu dwudziestolecia międzywojennego o turystyce masowej
Authors: Tałuć Katarzyna
Published: September 2021

The author of the article seeks to examine accounts published in selected tourist and satirical magazines in the Second Polish Republic in 1918–1939 and addressed to a wide readership. She has selected titles published in big cities — Warsaw and Kraków — because their big-city nature implied the way in which the subject matter in question was presented. The analysed periodicals are: the Warsaw Turysta (1927–1928) and Wiadomości Turystyczne (1931–1939); the Warsaw-Kraków Turysta w Polsce (1934, 1935–1938) and the satirical magazine Wróble na Dachu published in Kraków and Warsaw in 1930–1939. The author has carried out a qualitative analysis, using the tools of literature and press studies, and has identified journalistic strategies employed to popularise mass tourism in the mountains.
Dla kogo Bieszczady? Janusza Rygielskiego wkład w dyskusję (lata siedemdziesiąte–wczesne lata osiemdziesiąte XX wieku)
Authors: Dabrowski Patrice M.
Published: September 2021

The Bieszczady mountain range, a mere 0.2% of the territory of the Polish People’s Republic (PRL), was the only part of the country where a significant public dispute arose about its spatial development. The article presents the contributions of a man who almost singlehandedly initiated and stoked the discussion about the fate of this secondarily wild terrain, one of the wildest in Europe. Janusz Rygielski — scientist, journalist, tourist activist, and state bureaucrat — was in an ideal position to play a key role in the 1972 “conservationist” operation, which was begun on the pages of the Warsaw University of Technology’s student weekly Politechnik under the heading “We are discovering the Bieszczady again.” I intend to show that the social movements known as the second and third “discovery” of the Bieszczady would not have arisen without his efforts. A look through the prism of Rygielski’s activism allows to understand the single serious civic-student movement in defense of the mountains during the period of the PRL. Instead of domesticating — that is, developing — the Bieszczady like the rest of the country, Rygielski and his allies (students and others) wanted to appropriate the Bieszczady for individual tourism and in this way protect the positive aspects — that is, the wild nature — of this southeastern corner of the PRL.
Karola Hawliczka Borovskiego wyprawa do Tatr
Authors: Kolbuszewski Jacek
Published: September 2021

In the summer of 1842, Karel Havlíček Borovský (1821–1856) traveled from Prague (Czech) to Galicia. He was a good walker, and walked most of the way (over 1000 km). The last stage of his journey was a few days’ stay in the Tatra Mountains. He was then in the Kościeliska Valley, where he inscribed his name on the Pisana rock. After spending the night in Kościelisko, he visited the iron-works in Kuźnice, and moved to Bukowina Tatrzańska. There he wrote a poem in the memorial book. The article discusses this work as one of the most important Czech poems about the Tatras. The main highlight of the journey was a trip to Morskie Oko, after which the poet crossed the moun-tains to Kieżmark.
Alpy nie tylko dla alpinistów, czyli Juliusza Słowackiego wyprawa alpejska jako rozrywka towarzyska
Authors: Gintowt Aleksandra
Published: September 2021

The ascent of Mont Blanc in 1786 began a “golden age” of European mountaineering during which most of the highest summits on the continent were reached. The climbs initiated the process of “touristification” of the mountains, primarily the Alps, which were located on a popular trail to Italy. Thanks to the first attempts, still fraught with danger, to climb various summits, it later became possible to mark out easier routes and trails, and as a result guides were able to show the mountains even to amateurs, who expected only breathtaking landscapes and wanted to experience a fraction of a “true” Alpine trek. The mountains were explored by many famous poets, including Goethe, Chateaubriand, Mickiewicz and Słowacki. Słowacki described his trip in great detail in letters to his mother, thanks to which we can now reconstruct it and demonstrate that the popularisation of Alpine treks made the poet’s trip possible – it was for him not only an opportunity to capture sights he would later use in his work, but also an interesting social occasion, for he was taken to the mountains by friends of his, the Wodziński family. The poet’s long letter describing a given trip (and memories of authors like Antoni Odyniec or Zygmunt Krasiński) makes it possible to recreate this unique moment in which broadly defined mountain trekking was split into specialist “mountaineering” and recreational “tourism”, which drew on the achievements of the former and popularised the mountains as a tourist attraction and possibility of active leisure.