bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discussion on the Sustainability of Stainless Steel Applied in Architecture
Authors: Xu Jian Feng , Li Bing
Published: February 2012

Stainless steel develops in 21th century, which further extends its application in architectural industry and fields of structure. Based on the idea of sustainable development, this paper analyses the outstanding features that stainless steel possesses compared with other metal materials, trying to apply for a general outline for architect and those concerned. It examines the sustainability of the application of stainless steel, and matters needing attention in architectural design, and it prospects the outlook of stainless steel.
Synthesis of Titania Microshperes with Controllable Diameter Under Solvothermal Conditions
Authors: Guo Dong Bo , Wang Yan Ping , Zhang Xiao Chao , Wang Jia , Wang Yi Min
Published: February 2012

Bead-structured titanium dioxide microspheres were successfully prepared by a facile one-step solvothermal method using diblock copolymers poly(ethylene oxide)-block-polystyene (PEO-b-PS) as the structure-directing agent. The products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetic analysis and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) technique. The XRD patterns show that the products synthesized with low content of HCl are anatase titanium dioxide and the products synthesized with low content of HCl are rulite titanium dioxide.
Study on Non-Metallic Inclusion in 82B Steel Continuous Casting Billet
Authors: Xu Hong Yan , Gao Chang Yi , Zhu Feng , Liu Yong Lin , Zhang Jin Zhu
Published: February 2012

The amount, size, composition and source of the inclusion in 82B continuous casting billet was studied by means of electrolysis, anode slime separating, sieve grading and X-ray powder diffraction to lower the amount of non-metal inclusion and to increase the quality of steel. The results show that the total amount of inclusions is up to 183.8ppm where the particle sizes of 75.11% inclusions are smaller than 10μm, and the inclusions are mainly composed by the FeO precipitated in the front of steel billet solidification, and the manganese sulfide and the composite oxides such as calcium and/or silicon aluminates developed by desulphurizing and deoxidizing operation.
A Study on the Correlativity and Date Simulation between Rock Abrastivity and Physical and Mechanical Indexes of Rock in Qingdao Subway, China
Authors: Jiang De Hong , Bian Li Ming
Published: February 2012

The attrition rate of a TBM cutter connects with the economic benefits of the TBM application and digging efficiency. The main influence factor of the attrition rate of the TBM cutter is rock abrastivity. The rock abrastivity is in contact with the physical and mechanical indexes of rock and rock attributes. The relationship between the rock abrastivity and the physical and mechanical indexes of rock is studied by experiments and mathematical statistics. The experimental samples are collected in the Qingdao subway tunnel and done rock mechanics room experimentation and rock abrastivity experimentation separately in the lab Based on calculation and analyses of the test data. We obtain a mathematic model describing the relationship between rock abrastivity and physical and mechanical indexes of rock and summarize and interpret the correlativity between them.
Influence of Hydrothermal Temperatures on the Structure of BaTiO3 Nanoparticles
Authors: Huang Qiu Ying , Yang Yi , Liu Ke , Zheng Xiu Cheng
Published: February 2012

BaTiO3 nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal process at various temperatures for 8 h, starting from a mixture of Ti(OBu)4 + BaCl2. The structure analytic results showed that all the prepared powders are well crystallized. Meanwhile, the phase change ratio from metastable cubic to tetragonal phases increased with the increase of hydrothermal temperatures.
The Study on the Orderliness of Change of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties in Simulating the Heating Process of Bending of X80 Pipeline Steels
Authors: Zhang Xiao Li , Liu Jian Xun
Published: February 2012

As the development of oil gas transportation project for long distance over the world, the pipeline steel are developed to high grade to reduce the construction cost and increase the efficiency of the gas transportation. But the statistics of the built pipeline engineering in the world showed that most of the steels are below the grade of X70, and the used X80 grade steels are less than 5000km. In 2008, the second west-east pipeline project will startup in China, and the whole line will use X80 grade pipeline steels. So the matched bend pipes should be studied. In this paper, the X80 pipeline steels were reheated under selected condition to simulate the heat history of bending process of it. And the deduced microstructure was observed, also the relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties were discussed. The optimum heat treatment technics were gained. This research will be helpful to the field hot bending in the second west-east gas project.
Research on Construction Technology of External Insulation and Economic Analysis of XPS Board External Wall of Pasted Dovetail Groove
Authors: Ma Hai Bin , Bai Rong , Bai Xue
Published: February 2012

Abstract. The structure, construction method, process theory, technical requirements and economic analysis of pasted dovetail board XPS board are described by taking the engineering case analysis as examples. Compared with the existing external wall insulation board, the technology is characterized by excellent insulation effect, less product auxiliary materials, easy recognition on the quality of auxiliary materials, simpler and more convenient construction, and construction period and cost-saving. The construction technology of the external wall external insulation of pasted dovetail groove XPS board is energy-conservation, eco-friendly and has remarkable efficiency. It can be widely promoted and used in the external wall external insulation project which requires energy-conservation.
Membrane Potentials across the Cation Exchange Membrane in Aqueous Mixed Electrolyte Solutions
Authors: Liu De Chun , Zhang Ya Ping
Published: February 2012

Membrane Potentials across the Cation Exchange Membrane in Aqueous Mixed Solutions Made of Two Kinds of Electrolytes Were Experimentally Studied. Effects of both the Concentration and the Species of Electrolytes on Membrane Potentials Were Presented. for any Mixed Solution Made of Two Kinds of Electrolytes, when the Total Electrolyte Concentration at Right Side of the Membrane Is Fixed, the Membrane Potential Increases with the Total Electrolyte Concentration at Left Side of the Membrane. however, such Increase Is Rather Slight at both Low and High Concentrations. when the Concentrations at each Side of the Membrane Are Equivalent for Three Mixed Solution Systems, the Membrane Potential Decreases with such Order: ΦKCl+NaCl>ΦKCl+MgCl2>ΦKCl+AlCl3.
Preparation and Performance of Gypsum Matrix Phase Change Energy-Storage Material
Authors: Li Qi Jin , Li Guo Zhong
Published: February 2012

Paraffin/expanded perlite composite phase change energy-storage material (PPCM) was prepared with expanded perlite as adsorption material and paraffin as phase change energy-storage material (PCM). The DSC and SEM results showed that the internal micropores of expanded perlite were filled with paraffin; the phase change temperature of PPCM was basically similar with that of paraffin and the latent heat of PPCM was corresponded with that of paraffin based on mass ratio among PPCM. PPCM was incorporated into gypsum to prepare gypsum matrix phase change energy-storage material (GPCM), and its mechanical properties, water absorption and temperature control effect were determined. The results showed that with the increase of PPCM’s content, the 2h compressive strength, flexure Strength and water absorption of GPCM continuously declined and its temperature control effect significantly enhanced.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Using Nano-ZnO at Air Lift Circulating Reactor
Authors: Xu Hang , Li Mei , Wang Ju Kun
Published: February 2012

Nano-ZnO powder were prepared through gel-sol method with zinc acetate and lithium hydroxide as crude material. Nano-ZnO was analyzed by XRD, SEM, TEM, UV-Vis and determined photocatalytic activity at photocatalytic reactor. The results show that nano-ZnO has a integrate crystal and its size is 6.6nm with the best photocatalytic performance, when calcined at 350oC. The best ZnO dosage is 0.1g/L with 97% Methylene Blue removal after 30min. Compared with different photocatalytic reactor, the airlift reactor is obviously better than bubbling reactor and stirring reactor.
One-Step Method of Carbon Thermal Reduction and Nitride to Produce Vanadium Nitrogen Alloy
Authors: Chen Zhi Chao , Xue Zheng Liang , Wang Wei , Yu Yue , Liu Qiang , Li Ping
Published: February 2012

Keywords: vanadium pentoxide；carbon black；reduction and nitridation；vanadium nitrogen alloy. Abstract. The V2O5 extracted from low vanadium shale and carbon black are used as raw materials to prepare briquetting samples through mixing, grinding and pressing. The samples are prereduced, final reduced and nitrated to produce vanadium nitrogen alloy with high nitrogen content. Thermodynamic analysis and experiment results show that：（1）In order to avoid V2O5 volatilization loss during reduction, the briquetting samples should be pre-reduced for 4 hours below the melting point 670°C of V2O5, which can transform V2O5 into low valence vanadium oxide.（2）During V2O5 being self-reduction under N2 atmosphere, if the final reduction temperature is below 1271°C, the VN is preferential formation; if more than 1271°C, the reduced product forms V4C3.（3）To make a product with high nitrogen and low carbon content, the final reduction and nitride temperature should be controlled below 1300°C.
Research on Structure and Properties of Lotus Fibers
Authors: Chen Dong Sheng , Gan Ying Jin , Yuan Xiao Hong
Published: February 2012

In order to understand the structure and properties of lotus fibers to provide theoretical basis for developing lotus fiber fabric, the research on chemical components, morphological structure, aggregation structure and mechanical properties of nature lotus fiber is implemented by chemical quantitative analysis, scanning electron microscope, infrared spectra, X-ray diffraction analysis and so on. The result is shown. First, lotus fiber is consist of cellulose, hemicellulose, fat waxy, lignin, ash, pectin, hydrotrope, amino acids and so on, where cellulose is the main ingredient. The lotus fiber, showing ribbon spiral revolving structure vertically, has clearly imperceptible cross striation, and is bundle fiber composed of many monofils. Then, the cross-sectional of lotus monofil is circular or similar to circular. Lotus fiber is typical cellulose I structure with 48% crystallinity and 60% orientation. The density, fineness and moisture regain of lotus fiber is respectively 1.1848 g/cm3, 1.55 dtex, 12.32%. Lotus fiber is high strength and low stretch fiber with initial modulus 146.81 cN/dtex, breaking strength 3.44 cN/dtex and breaking elongation 2.75%.
Optimal Design of Rotation Shaft Torque Testing System
Authors: Jin Yuan Qiang , Zang Yu Li
Published: February 2012

Torque measuring in the extra-high rotation speed has not been resolved ideally yet, due to the restriction of the rough conditions. The dynamic characteristics of the developed digital plane grating angular-torquer measuring system are analyzed in this paper. The paper mainly calculates and designs the parameters of elastic shafts with different cross-section. Via the compare of dynamic characteristics and compactness of the elastic shafts with different cross-section, the optimized design is proposed at the end of the paper. The achievements of this paper can supply references to the study and design, maintaining and improvement of relative instruments.
Synthesis and Application of Water-Borne Nontoxic Emulsion from Wasted Polystyrene Foam
Authors: Kong Xiang Wen , Fan Xiao Dong
Published: February 2012

A new water-borne nontoxic emulsion of low cost was prepared by using wasted polystyrene foam as elementary component, butyl acrylate (BA), styrene (St) and vinyl acetate (VAc) as modifiers and solvents. Influences of monomers, compounded emulsifier on properties of emulsion were discussed. The optimum process conditions were as follows: m (PSF) : m (monomers) = 1 : 2 , m (sodium dodecyl sulphate) : m (OP-10) = 2 : 1 , m (VAc) : m (St) : m (BA) = 1 : 1 : 2 , and mass fraction of emulsifiers was 3.0 wt% accounting for the total mass of monomers. The synthetic latex with high adhesion strength, pollution-free, low cost and storage stability is applicable to prepare blast furnace slag unburnt bricks, respectively. The properties of the brick sample are better than that of MU 25 of GB 11945-89.
Axial Compressive Experimental Study on Full-Scale Square Concrete Columns Confined by High-Strength Spiral Hoops
Authors: Li Zhen Bao , Wang Wen Jing , Zhang Wei Jing , Shao Yun Da , Zhang Bing , Fan Mei Guang , Lin Shuang Ping
Published: February 2012

3 specimens of full-scale reinforced concrete columns were tested under monotonic axial loading, in which the hoop configuration of one specimen was #, and the other two used the two-directional composite spiral hoops. The axial compressive performances of full-scale reinforced concrete columns confined by different configurations and strengths of hoops were discussed. One of the columns confined by spiral hoops used high-strength steels with the yield strength of 1000MPa as hoops, while the other two columns used ordinary-strength steel with yield strength of 400MPa. Columns confined by spiral hoops exhibited slight higher bearing capacity and better deformation ability than columns with hoop configuration #. The results also indicated that compared with the specimen used ordinary-strength hoops, the bearing capacity of the specimen used high-strength hoops was basically the same, but the deformation ability improved obviously.
The Effects of adhE Deletion on the Metabolism for D-Lactic Acid Production by the Escherichia coli JH11
Authors: Zhao Jin Fang , Xu Li Yuan , Wang Yong Ze , Wang Jin Hua , Zhou Sheng De
Published: February 2012

Escherichia coli W produces a mixture of organic acids during fermentation in mineral salts medium using glucose as the sole carbon source. Among these products, D-lactate, acetate, succinate, and ethanol are the majors, with formate as a minor. In order to evaluate the effect of adhE mutation on the metabolism for D-lactic acid production by E. coli W, an adhE deletion mutant JH11 was constructed using the RED recombination system and the flipase recognition target （FRT） site-specific recombinant technology. Compared to the parent strain, JH11 produced significantly higher concentration of D-lactate due to the increased NADH availability, with slightly changed acetate (increased), and succinate (decreased), in fermentations using mineral salts medium containing glucose as the carbon source and calcium carbonate as the neutralizer.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Biodegradable Poly (Glycerol-glycol-sebacate) Terpolymer
Authors: Liu Li Li , Yi Fa Cheng , Cai Wei
Published: February 2012

A biodegradable poly (glycerol-glycol-sebacate) terpolymer (PGGS) with different composition is prepared by a three-step method. The structure and properties of the PGGS terpolymers were characterized by means of attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. The experiment results indicate that the the composition of terpolymers have an obvious influence on the structure of PGGS terpolymers. The degradation rate increases with the increasing crosslink degree of PGGS.
Effects of Vacuum Infusion on Dried Nata Rehydration Ratio
Authors: Long Ying Jun , Li Cong Fa , Yu Min Hua , Liu Si Xin
Published: February 2012

Nata is widely used in food, cosmetics and so on. However dried Nata is insoluble in water. It is very important to increase the rehydration ratio of dried Nata. The effects of vacuum infusion on dried Nata rehydration ratio were investigated. When Nata was immersed in 0.8% of CMC solution by the ratio of 1:2 (m:V) and vacuum infused at -8×104Pa for 5h, and then dried at vacuum degree of 52Pa by vacuum freeze drying, the rehydration ratio of 115.57was obtained
Formation Mechanism and Simulation Research on Innovation Clusters
Authors: Wu Feng Qing
Published: February 2012

With economic globalization and rapid development of science technology, a number of enterprises in the region work closely in the form of industrial clusters, with whose overall innovation capability increasing rapidly. It is in this situation that the conception of innovation cluster comes with the tide of fashion. This paper first reviews the study situation of networks; analyzing the structure of innovation clusters deeply, and then constructs an improved BA model to demonstrate the complex links among the innovation cluster nodes and explains their structural features, then simulate its formation mechanism and evolution process.
Shape Memory Effect Improvement and Study of the Corrosion Resistance of the Fe-8Mn-6Si-13Cr-6Ni-12Co Alloy
Authors: Charfi Amine , Gamaoun Fehmi , Bouraoui Tarak , Bradai Chedly , Normand Bernard
Published: February 2012

Fe-8Mn-6Si-13Cr-6Ni-12Co shape memory alloys are characterized by a good corrosion resistance and a modest shape memory effect. Experimental tests of the corrosion resistance of Fe-8Mn-6Si-13Cr-6Ni-12Co have been studied and compared with the Fe-32Mn-6Si alloy using weight loss, free corrosion and polarization resistance tests. The shape memory effect measurement of the Fe-8Mn-6Si-13Cr-6Ni-12Co and Fe-32Mn-6Si alloys has been also tested after 5% of deformation. The results of corrosion experimental tests show that the Fe-8Mn-6Si-13Cr-6Ni-12Co SMA is not very active in the Na2SO4 solution at pH4 at room temperature. In addition, its corrosion resistance is better than the Fe-32Mn-6Si and almost similar to the 316L stainless steel. To improve the shape memory effect of the Fe-8Mn-6Si-13Cr-6Ni-12Co, a thermomechanical treatment has been applied by 8% prestrain in tensile and followed by heat treatment at 1320K for 1 hour. The results show an improvement in the shape memory effect after 5% of deformation in tensile test.
Influence of Three Diffusion Paths on the Pump Signal in ZrO2-Based NOx Sensor
Authors: Huang Hai Qin , Xie Guang Yuan , Gao Yun Ming , Pan Ying Jun
Published: February 2012

A thick film ZrO2-based NOx sensor feasible for diesel and gasoline engine applications has three diffusion paths, the size of paths has a great influence on sensor signal output. This paper studies the relationship between the pump current signal and the size of paths, the manufacture of NOx sensors of varied path sizes by the method of filling organics and then sintering at a high temperature to form a stable path, and detections of the sensors in a standard gas chamber. Then matching sizes of three paths are obtained.
Theoretical and Experimental Study on the Crimp Mechanism of Bi-Component Filament
Authors: Fang Yuan , Wang Cheng Hu , Liang Hui Fang , Bao Li Li , Zhou Xiao Hong
Published: February 2012

Based on two typical cross-sections such as the circular and the near-elliptical of PTT/PET bi-component filament, the crimp modeling was established. It can be used to describe the relationship among the crimp morphology in Longitudinal, the cross-section characteristics and the shrinkage difference of two components. The cross section characteristics of PTT/PET bi-component filament with nearly circular and elliptical cross section were obtained. The average ρ∆ of T400 made by Dupont is 17.46μm and that made by Huvis is 11.09μm.
Test on Indoor Thermal Environment of Haidong Region in Qinghai Province China in Winter
Authors: Zhao Xi Ping , Liu Ye , Gao Ming Zhe
Published: February 2012

Selecting a residence of eastern region of Qinghai province as the research object, the author conducted the test on indoor temperature and relative humidity in winter. Based on the analysis of test data, quantitative assessment was made on residential thermal environment in different passive energy saving measures. The results showed that houses with additional sunspaces or the houses with passive technology can still reach the basic requirement of human thermal comfort even in the absence of heating measures. In the daytime, indoor and outdoor temperature could reach to 21.4 °C. According to the test results, passive energy saving measures should be adopted in house construction in order to adapt to the local climate. This way can effectively improve the local building indoor thermal environment in winter.
Development and Performance of Water Soluble Salt-Resistant Polymers for Chemical Flooding
Authors: Zhu You Yi , Luo Wen Li , Jian Guo Qing , Wang Chao An , Hou Qing Feng , Niu Jia Ling
Published: February 2012

The basic requirement of polymer for chemical flooding was introduced, development progress and performance evaluation of salt-resistant polymers for chemical flooding were discussed, and development direction of polymers for chemical flooding was indicated in this paper.
Preparation and Characterization of Electrospun Poly (3, 3’5, 5’-Tetramethyl-4, 4’-Diaminodiphenyl-Butyltoluene-Co- 3, 3’, 4, 4’-Biphenyltetracarboxylicdianhydride) Nanofiber Membranes
Authors: Peng Yi , Jin Jun Hong , Yang Shen Lin , Li Guang
Published: February 2012

A soluble polyimide (PI), 3,3’5,5’-tetramethyl-4,4’-diamino diphenylbutyltoluene- co-BPDA, was synthesized from 3,3’5,5’-tetramethyl-4,4’-diaminodiphenyl-butyltoluene and BPDA in m-cresol solution. The inherent viscosity of the resulting polyimide was 0.84 dL/g. Polyimide solutions in DMAc, with a concentration ranged from 14wt% to 34wt%, were electrospun into well-formed nanofiber membranes. The electrospinning parameters such as solution concentration, feed rate, applied voltage, and collection distance were optimized in order to reduce fiber diameter and distribution. The effect of LiCl and CTAB (Cetrimonium Bromide) on the elcetrospinning was also investigated. The obtained nanofiber membranes were characterized by SEM, TGA, XRD, and tensile test. With optimized electrospinning parameters the averaged diameter and the distribution of nanofibers could be reduced to 249 nm and 0.047, respectively. For the membranes, the temperature of 5% weight loss in nitrogen was 380°C and 10% at 534°C. The excellent thermal stability makes it could be used as high temperature filter materials.
Preparation of Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Microporous Membranes via Thermally Induced Phase Separation
Authors: Zhu Ling Ling , Hu Zu Ming , Yu Jun Rong , Tang Guo Ping , Chen Lei , Zhu Jing
Published: February 2012

Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) microporous membranes were fabricated via thermally induced phase separation (TIPS). Thermogravimetric analyzer was used to obtain the true concentration of films. To characterize the permeation property, the testing of water flux was carried out and it was found that with the increase of thickness, concentration and molecular weight, a decrease in water flux occurred. However, the water flux changed slightly when the thickness turned into 150μm and the molecular weight reached 4,000,000. Moreover, the pore structure investigated by Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was consistent with the above phenomena. It is known that the pore size is affected by two factors: crystallization rate and the diffusion rate of diluent. The curves of the relative crystallinity (Xt) with time for the various films under the cooling rate of 10°C/min showed that the difference between crystallization rate of various membranes was small. So it was considered that the viscosity of system did greater influence on diffusion rate of diluent. In addition, the disparity between cloud points (Tcd) and crystallization temperature (T0) was not obvious, indicating that only solid-liquid phase separation could be observed in the range of cooling rates during the non-isothermal process.
Microstructure and Properties of Laser Clad Nonmagnetic WC-FeNiCr Metal-Matrix Composite Coating
Authors: Yang Jiao Xi , Miao Xuan He , Liu Fa Lan
Published: February 2012

Nonmagnetic metal-matrix composite (MMC) coatings were fabricated by laser cladding with direct injection of WC-FeNiCr powder onto the N1310 nonmagnetic steel matrix. Laser cladding was conducted using a Trumpf6000 CO2 laser. The WC-FeNiCr MMCs coating was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The phase constitution in the laser cladding was identified by x-ray diffraction (XRD). No pores or macro-cracks have been found at the interface indicating good metallurgical bonding between the coating and the N1310 nonmagnetic steel matrix. Magnetic measurements were carried out with vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) at room temperature. The MMC coating was nonmagnetic and with a relative permeability of 1.004. The XRD analysis confirmed the presence of an austenitic γ-(Fe, Ni), Cr0.19Fe0.7Ni0.11, Fe3W3C, WC and W2C phases in the laser clad layer.
Study on the Tensile Fracture Characteristics of Cars Oil Filter Materials
Authors: Feng Jian Yong , Zhang Jian Chun , Zhang Hua
Published: February 2012

The oil filter materials are frequently subjected to abrading and all kinds of friction and making the materials suffered from damage,consequently,the property and service life of the filter materials is reduced.So the purpose of this thesis is to research the tensile performance of the automobile oil filter material and according to constant speed tensile test to measure the macro fracture characteristics,tensile property in the process of before and after tensile testing,tensile fracture form and the math expression.Then compared the breaking strength,breaking elongation,elongation at break and breaking work of these ten oil filter materials.Hope that through the study on the tensile performance of the oil filter materials and summarizes the damage mechanism and tensile fracture form,in order to provides a new way to develop the new material.
Effects of Ce Doping on the Properties of ZnO Thin Films Prepared by DC Reactive Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Luo Qing , Wang Lai Sen , Wang Zhen Wei , Chen Yuan Zhi , Yue Guang Hui , Peng Dong Liang
Published: February 2012

The ZnO and ZnO:Ce thin films were prepared by DC reactive magnetron sputtering. The structure, surface morphology, optical and photoluminescence properties of ZnO:Ce thin films were investigated. The XRD results indicated that all the samples exhibited a hexagonal wurtzite structure. The surface morphology of the films was sensitive to the Ce concentration. All the films had a higher average transmittance (more than 85%) in the visible region and a strong absorption near the band-edge of ZnO. The photoluminescence properties of the Ce-doped ZnO thin films were also studied. Blue emissions were observed from the ZnO:Ce thin films. Our results indicated that the photoluminescence properties of ZnO thin films doped with low Ce concentration were related to the intrinsic transition of Ce3+ ions. However, when the Ce concentration increased, Zni also played an important role.
Size Effects on Biaxially Compressed Stability of Triaxial Weave Fabric Composites
Authors: Rasin Norhidayah , Kueh Ahmad Beng Hong , Mahat Muhammad Nor Hafidzi , Mohd Yassin Airil Yasreen
Published: February 2012

Stability of rectangular triaxial weave fabric (TWF) composite plate with simply supported edges that is subjected to uniformly distributed biaxial compressive forces, Nx and Ny, is investigated for various load intensities and aspect ratios. TWF unit cell is discretized using 2D composite finite element of non-conforming types adopting Lagrange and Hermite interpolation functions for in-plane and out-of-plane degree of freedoms, respectively. In addition, homogenized and segmentation methods are used for the material descriptions of the plate. For the solution, eigenvalue analysis is employed in obtaining the critical buckling loads of the assembled global stability governing equation. In general, TWF plate’s aspect ratio plays somewhat greater role on biaxial stability than that of load intensity.
Study on Mechanism of L-Shaped Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Columns Subjected to Axial Compression
Authors: Zhang Ji Cheng , Yang Jun
Published: February 2012

In this paper, a constitutive relationship of the concrete core restrained by L-Shaped steel tube is put forward based on referring to the constitutive relations of core concrete in concrete-filled square steel tube columns, which takes the restraint of steel tube to concrete as an equivalent confinable effect coefficient . Load-deformation relationship of L-Shaped concrete-filled steel tubular column subjected to axial compression is analyzed by finite element analysis (using ABAQUS software). The predicted load versus deformation relationship cures are in good agreement with those of tests based on the finite element analysis, loads carried by steel tubes and concrete respectively during the loading process, as well as interactions between them are analyzed. Finally, influences of length-width ratio and width-thickness ratio on the interaction between steel tubes and concrete are investigated.
Effect of Y and Zn Substitution on Tensile Properties of 6H-Type LPSO Phase in Mg97Zn1Y2 Alloy
Authors: Tang Ping Ying , Tang Bi Yu , Peng Li Ming , Ding Wen Jiang
Published: February 2012

The effect of Y and Zn substitution on tensile properties of 6H-type ABCBCB LPSO phase in Mg97Zn1Y2alloy has been studied from first principles calculations. From obtained tensile stress-strain relations, at small strains anisotropy of Young’s modulus for Mg95Zn is larger than that for Mg95Y, whereas at lager strains anisotropy of peak tensile stress for Mg95Zn is smaller than that for Mg95Y. The ideal tensile strengths for both Mg95Y and Mg95Zn phases occur in direction, and the ideal tensile strength is increased with single Zn atom substitution. The detailed electronic structure investigations show that the hybridization between Mg and Y (or Zn) atoms is obvious, and the directional bonding between Mg and Y (or Zn) atoms would lead to large anisotropy of tensile stress-strain relations. As the strain increase, the directional bonding between Mg and Y (or Zn) atoms is weakened, the stability would be lowered, and the phases are finally fractured.
GIS-Based Environmental Sensitivity Evaluation for Supporting Scenic Area Planning: Case Study of Lushan-Xihai International Art Park
Authors: Yang Zhe , Xin Wen Xian , Li Yuan
Published: February 2012

For scenic area plan, a basic work is to evaluate environmental sensitivity. The evaluation result could provide reliable basis for later planning work. As a tool, GIS is speediness, accurate and objective. In this paper, we will use GIS into environmental sensitivity evaluation of Lushan-Xihai International Art Park planning, and the GIS analysis result could offer high quality information and support planning work of next stage.
In-Plane Crushing of Triangular Honeycomb Cores, Part I: Under Quasi-Static Loadings
Authors: Sun De Qiang , Guo Yan Feng , Xu Guo Tu
Published: February 2012

Mechanical behaviors of triangular honeycombs cores (THCs) are investigated by using the finite element (FE) simulations under the in-plane quasi-static crushing loadings. The deformation process is described in the form of response curves and deformation mode diagrams. The force-displacement curves include four deformation regimes with distinct characteristics. The quasi-static plateau stresses are calculated for the THCs with different configuration parameters. The influences of ratio of cell wall thickness to edge length and expanding angle on the quasi-static plateau stress are discussed in detail. The quasi-static plateau stress is proportional to the relative density of THCs and the expanding angle determines the scale coefficient. The empirical formula of quasi-static plateau stress in terms of ratio of cell wall thickness to edge length and expanding angle is given based on the FE simulation results.
Mechanical Analysis for Laying Thermal Insulation Pipe
Authors: Chen Jing Hao , Duan Meng Lan , Zhang Jian
Published: February 2012

When crude oil contains wax and hydrate depositions, thermal management is needed to built up to prevent these deposition formation. Thermal insulation pipe is the common measure. Laying thermal insulation pipe is a complex operation due to their multi-layer structure and heavier weight. In this paper, mechanical analysis for thermal insulation pipe laid by S-lay is carried out. Large deformation theory is applied to establish S-lay model. Equivalent stiffness theory is used to solve the complicated structure. Numerical simulation is done to investigate the effect of controlling parameters to the pipe configuration. Numerical results show that the tension is the main controlling parameter during pipelay.
Numerical Simulation for Mechanical Behavior of Carbon Black Filled Rubber Composites Based on Plane Stress Model
Authors: Li Qing , Yang Xiao Xiang
Published: February 2012

In this paper, Representative Volume Element with random distribution pattern has been built and applied to study and analyze the macro mechanical properties of the carbon black filled rubber composites by the micromechanical finite element method. And numerical simulations under uniaxial compression have been made by two-dimensional plane stress model. The periodic boundary conditions are imposed on each Representative Volume Element in order to ensure the compatibility of the deformation field. The dependence of the macroscopic stress-strain behavior and the effective elastic modulus of the composites, on particle distribution pattern, particle volume fraction and particle stiffness has been investigated and discussed. It is shown that the stiffness of the composite is increased considerably with the introduction of carbon black filler particles, and the effective elastic modulus of the composite is increased with the increase of the particle volume fraction.
Effect of Corrosion Inhibition on the Stress Corrosion Cracking of UNS S31603 Austenitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Abuzeid O.A. , Aljoboury A.I. , Abou Zour M.
Published: February 2012

Brine recirculation pumps are essential components used for circulation of brine in multi-stage flashing chambers desalination plants. Failure of these pumps would result in shutdown of the desalination plants. The rotating parts of these pumps (shaft and impeller) are usually made out of stainless steels or Duplex stainless steels. The pressure parts (casings) are usually made out of Ni-resist ductile irons (NDI). In recent years there have been a number of cases in which NDI casing materials failed by stress corrosion cracking (SCC) especially in the Arabian Gulf region. This makes re-evaluation and further studies on the performance of these materials of paramount importance due to process-related economic and reliability considerations. As possible substitutes to NDI casing materials, the authors of this research have recently published material demonstrating the superiority of the SCC resistance of the super DSS, UNS S32750, over the ASS, UNS S31603, in hot brine environment. Economically, the idea of using chemical corrosion inhibitors to enhance the SCC resistance of the ASS, UNS S31603, is appealing, non famous and worth looking at. In this work the effect of corrosion inhibition on the corrosion resistance and SCC of the ASS, UNS S31603, in hot brine environment, is investigated. Brine water was injected with typical treat rate of 350 ppm of passivating type commercially available Molybdate corrosion inhibitor. Theoretically the corrosion inhibitor was proposed to improve the corrosion resistance of ASS, UNS S31603, in brine solution. Electrochemical polarization measurements and SCC tests were used to evaluate the performance of the metal under inhibited and uninhibited environments. Results have shown that treating the brine with this particular type of inhibitor under this particular treat rate and test conditions increased the pitting tendency of the ASS, UNS S31603. Results from both SCC tests and electrochemical measurements are in agreement and both role out the possibility of enhancing corrosion resistance and SCC of ASS UNS S31603 using Molybdate inhibitor.
Simulation of First Mode Crack Propagation in a Viscoelastic Solid System Fuel Structure Using Crack Length-Temperature Superimposition
Authors: Omair Muhammad , Parvez Khalid , Azam Muhammad
Published: February 2012

Fractures in Solid system fuel structure pose a huge risk to structural integrity of the system. Ansys APDL scripting language has been used to analyze fractures with different geometry, material and loading. Parameterization of simulations resulted in developing a tool for solid fuel system designers to perform a quick fracture analysis during their design iterations. Numerical simulation results have been compared with the experimental data and a good agreement between the two has been found, ascertaining our numerical approach for the assessment of the problem. Crack length-Temperature superimposition has been performed to obtain master curves for the data, which can be used to predict stress intensity factor at different crack lengths.
The Application of Multiaxial Fabric Blower Blade and its Strength Theory Check
Authors: Wu Zhi Yun , Zhang Chun Fang
Published: February 2012

The scale application of wind energy conforms to the demand of sustainable development in our country. However, with the blower’s blade lengthened, the weight will also increase. If it is made in traditional way, it would reach tons of orders of magnitude, and the centrifugal force on the blade root will become very large because of the tip speed ratio. When the wind is large enough, the blade force model is equivalent to a cantilever beam structure, thus the material of extended wind turbine blade should possess high strength and high modulus and should be light. Otherwise the blade’s life will be shortened [1]. In many of the materials, the multi-axial fabric is a good carrier to meet these requirements. If the blade in the extended length also can meet the strength requirements, the multi-axial fabric will be the top choice for future wind-driven generator blade design and manufacture.
Characterization of Wafer Surface Topography after CMP
Authors: Wang Ru , Wang Juan , Sun Ming , Gao Bao Hong , Yang Rui Xia , Liu Yu Ling
Published: February 2012

Characterization of the surface morphology after CMP vital refers to the roughness of surface outline at present. The two dimensional parameters characterization based on scanning the outline of surface as the test foundation already cannot satisfy the requirements of engineering; hence three dimensional detection and quantitative calculation of surface morphology can complete characterization. Characterization of surface morphology has made great development from low to high precision accuracy, from a single variety of touch probe to optical, atomic force, and other varieties, from the contact to non-contact, from two dimensions to three dimensions, from a single roughness measurement to simultaneously measurement of waviness, shape error outline information. Scanning probe microscopy can give surface topography of the whole measured area. Because discrimination all can reach the nanometer level surface roughness in x, y and z three directions, Scanning probe microscopy is suitable for measured structure with vertical structure units in nm magnitude and horizontal area in μm scale.
Preparation and Activity of Ionic Liquid Catalysts Grafted on Hydrophobic Silica Gel
Authors: Zhang Xue Lan , Wang Deng Feng
Published: February 2012

An ionic liquid 1- (triethoxysilyl) propyl-3-methylimidazolium hydroxide ([Smim]OH) was grafted on three kinds of mesoporous hydrophobic silica gel by means of post-grafting under mild conditions. The catalysts were [Smim]OH/SiO2-MTES (methyltriethoxysilane), [Smim]OH/SiO2-TMCS (trimethylchlorosilane), [Smim]OH/SiO2-CPTEO (triethoxysilyl propyl chloride). Such grafted ionic liquids (GILs), which were characterized by means of FTIR and N2 adsorption-desorption could be used as effective heterogeneous catalysts toward propylene carbonate synthesis through cycloaddition of carbon dioxide with propylene oxide under solventless and mild conditions.
Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds in Disposable Food Packages at Three types of Temperature
Authors: Xie Li , Yu Jiang , Li Shuang , Diao Sha Sha
Published: February 2012

Eight volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the four disposable food packages at refrigeration temperature, room temperature and heating temperature have been analyzed by a headspace gas chromatography and mass spectrometry method. The results of external standard method show that the amount of VOCs in the four disposable packages at different temperatures are arranged in the following order: black plastic lunch box, white plastic lunch box, paper cup, paper bowl. Under the three types of temperature for an hour, the amount of VOCs in the black plastic lunch box at heating temperatures is higher (1.2382 mg/m2at 90 °C), room temperature has smaller content (0.6682 mg/m2and 0.9105 mg/m2at 20 °C and 30 °C, repectively). Content of VOCs in the white plastic lunch box increases gradually with temperature rising.
The Preparation of Rapidly Solidified and Powder Metallurgy AZ91 Alloy
Authors: Sheng Shao Ding , Yan Hong Ge
Published: February 2012

AZ91 alloy powder was prepared by two-roller quenching equipment. The powders were consolidated and extruded into bar. The microstructures of the powders and bars were observed by optical microscope (OM), XRD, HRTEM and SEM. The results suggested that the grain size of the powder were equiaxed with the sizes of about 1~5μm. The as-extruded alloy bars retain equiaxed grains with a large number of precipitated phases, β-Al12Mg17 and AlMg2Zn. The alloy exhibited excellent mechanical properties, the ultimate and yield tensile strength were 383.2MPa and 275.1MPa respectively. The shape of the precipitated phase was approximately globular with the size of about 50~200nm.
Microstructure and Mechanism of Three Spheroidizing Treatment for the Carbide of GCr15 Steel
Authors: Zhang Chong Cai , Yi Xiao Lan , Yuan Qun Qun , Wang Long
Published: February 2012

Three groups of GCr15 steel were heat-treated respectively by conventional spheroidizing annealing, circulation spheroidizing annealing, 1050°C for 30min oil cooling quenching + 700°C tempering. The final heat treatment of these GCr15 steel was 840°C oil cooling quenching + 150°C tempering. The microstructure of the heat-treated GCr15 were observed and the mechanism of three spheroidizing treatment were discussed in this paper. The results showed that: There is obvious difference among the three groups carbide of GCr15 for the mechanism of three spheroidizing treatments is different. The GCr15 has 1050°C for 30min oil cooling quenching + 700°C tempering showed the best result of carbide spheroidizing. The microstructure of GCr15 after 840°C oil cooling quenching + 150 °C tempering was tempered martensite and carbide which is fine, round and widely distributed.
Research on the Applications of Internet of Things Technology in Cultural Heritage Preservation
Authors: Liu De Sheng , Yan Feng Xin , Sun Shu Dong
Published: February 2012

With the development of wireless sensor network (WSN), Internet of Things (IOT) has been widely adopted by different fields. Cultural heritages preservation is one of the typical application scenes in these fields. The cultural heritages are always in the special environments, such as open land or damp tomb cave, which is very suitable for IOT. In this paper, some current preservation technologies and solutions are analyzed, and existing problems are described. Finally, a novel cultural heritage preservation solution based on IOT is proposed, and a corresponding prototype system is introduced and verified.
Fracture Characteristic of a Mg-Gd-Y Alloy Compressed at High Strain Rate and Sub-Zero Temperature
Authors: Hou Qing Yu , Wang Jing Tao , Huang Zhen Yi
Published: February 2012

In this paper, an as-extruded Mg-10Gd-2Y-0.5Zr alloy was compressed at 3265 s-1and -20 °C using a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) machine. Details about the initial texture and the lattice parameters of the as-extruded alloy were obtained by pole figures combined by orientation distribution function (ODF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) Rietveld refinement method, respectively. It can be obtained that the maximum average orientation factor being 0.297 can be obtained at 45oangled to the extruded direction that is the force axis, resulting in the fracture of the impact compressed sample along a plane orientated at an angle of ~45oto the compression axis. Analysis of the fracture reveals that the fracture forms near the periphery of one face of the specimen and then penetrates into the bulk material subsequently meet near the other face. Even though the local shear deformation exists in the compressed sample, the fracture of the as-extruded Mg-10Gd-2Y-0.5Zr alloy compressed at 3265 s-1and -20 °C is not caused by forming the adiabatic shear band (ASB).
Role of Aluminum (Al) Thin Film in the Improvement of Anti-Permeation Behavior of Fabricated Composites in Corrosive Environment
Authors: Liu Guo Ning , Zhao Hua Dong , Wang He Zheng , Xu Xian Zhong , Zhao Ming Hao
Published: February 2012

Though composites, particularly those consisting of organic materials, have replaced the role of traditional metallic materials in various engineering applications due to their relatively high mechanical strength, low density, flexibility and low cost, their disadvantages caused by relatively high porosity ratio and low crystallinity inherently make this kind of materials the less favorable choices when low permeation property is a major criterion. Here pure aluminum (Al) thin film, which has excellent anti-corrosion property, is introduced into the structure of fabricated composites to improve the composite’s anti-permeation behavior in corrosive environment while the advantageous points of organic composites are exploited at the same time by applying the optimized thermo-mechanical processing techniques in fabrication. Thus greater potentials for organic polymeric composites may be achieved in the future.
Analysis of the Dynamic and Static Load of Light Sport Aircraft Composites Landing Gear
Authors: Chen Pu Woei , Chang Shu Han , Yu Tsung Hsign
Published: February 2012

Composites have become extensively used in aircraft, including the latest Airbus A380 and Boeing 787 models. Due to their high specific strength ratio, the composites can help to reduce fuel consumption. For this reason, small business jets and light aircraft have begun to use composites in their fuselage designs. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the reaction of the composite landing gear of a light sport aircraft (LSA), under loading. Finite element analysis software was used to analyze and compare the static and dynamic loads on the LSA landing gear. Takeoff weight and sink speed, defined by FAR and ASTM, were used as parameters. This work investigated three different types of landing gear materials: aluminum alloy, glass fiber reinforced composite and carbon fiber reinforced composite. The maximum stress, maximum strain and displacement of landing gear of different shapes (leaf, column and tube shapes) was also measured. Of all the samples tested, tube-shaped glass fiber reinforced composite landing gear exhibited the lowest maximum stress under a static load; it also exhibited the smallest maximum strain and y-axis displacement. The results for dynamic load show taht column-shaped landing gear exhibits the smallest maxiumum stress. The results also show that landing gear made with glass fiber reinforced composite exhibits the lowest maximum strain under a dynamic load, while landing gear made with carbon fiber reinforced composite exhibits the largest displacement of the three materials.