bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Virtual Simulation in Forensic Medicine Education in China
Authors: LI Ren-jie , LUO Ling , WANG Jun-jie , ZHAO Shu-quan , SHI Yan-wei , WANG Xiao-guang , ZHAO Hu
Published: April 2024

Virtual Simulation is an innovative interactive pedagogical strategy in higher education. This paper analyzes the virtual simulation teaching projects currently underway in forensic medicine education in China. It explores the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of virtual simulation teaching in forensic medicine in China. The first batch of 11 virtual simulation projects are all synthetic designing experiments of over 2 class hours, mainly targeting the undergraduate students in the second year and above. Most projects focus on forensic pathology education. They provide active immersive experiential learning with data-driven teaching and real-time assessment. Further efforts are needed to integrate advanced technologies, diversify teaching content, and promote collaboration and resource sharing.
Melanoma arising in a Giant congenital melanocytic nevus in early age: a case report and literature review
Authors:   Somogy Vármegyei Kaposi Mór Oktató Kórház Bőrgyógyászati Osztály, Battyáni Zita , Zubonyai Cecília , Fehér Máté , Garbera István , Mendly József , Egyházi Zsolt , Lengyel Zsuzsanna
Published: April 2024

Authors present a case of a 37- year-old young female patient, who presented to the emergency department with transient dizziness. The performed cranial MRI confirmed the presence of a solitary brain metastasis. PET CT revealed an FDG-avid active lesion in the lung, with slightly enlarged lymph nodes. The brain tumor was surgically removed and histologically it corresponded to malignant melanoma metastasis. According to tumor board decision combined immunotherapy was initiated. Dermatological examination revealed that the patient was being treated for a histologically neuro-mixoid-appearing melanoma that developed at 3 months of age from a giant congenital nevus at birth and later metastasized regionally. Multiple radical surgeries were performed and she received vincristine and platina based chemotherapy. She was symptom-, and complaint-free for decades under regular check-ups until the onset of vertigo. In connection with the case the authors discuss the specific features of childhood melanomas, in particular the early-onset forms arising from congenital giant.
The use of non-thermal atmospheric plasma for the treatment of in situ cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: a case series
Authors:   The Skin Center Dermatology Group , New City, NY, USA, Friedman Cserhalmi Péter , Fridman Gregory , Fridman Alexander
Published: April 2024

Despite its high incidence, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) remains a treatment challenge. Non-thermal, atmospheric pressure plasma (NTAP) is an emerging modality with a broad range of potential applications in dermatology, including the treatment of actinic keratosis. Given the close relationship between actinic keratosis and SCC, we treated three patients with biopsy-proven in-situ SCC, using NTAP. All three patients have tolerated the treatment very well, and they all reached full clinical resolution of their lesion after 2-5 treatment sessions. This case series highlights the potential role of NTAP in the treatment of SCC.
History, structure and international practice of psychodermatology care
Authors:   University of Pécs Medical School Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Oncodermatology, Major Jutta , Szlávicz Eszter , Lengyel Zsuzsanna
Published: April 2024

Psychodermatology is an evolving interdisciplinary scientific field that explores the relationship between the skin, the nervous system, and psychological phenomena. Investigation of psychological factors’s role in the pathogenesis, course, prognosis, and treatment of certain dermatological conditions is based on modern psychosomatic and biopsychosocial disease model . Despite the increasing acceptance of psychodermatology and extensive research in the field, the role, position, competencies, and practices involved in psychodermatological care remain undetermined in clinical practice. Our study aims to address these questions based on international literature, models, and experiences obtained at the Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Oncodermatology at the University of Pécs Medical School. Our goal is to present practical considerations that may contribute to the effectiveness of dermatological care and improve patient satisfaction and quality of life.
Psychodermatological factors in the background of psoriasis
Authors:   Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine Department of Dermatology Venereology and Dermatooncology, Czurkó Natália , Bozsányi Szabolcs , Meznerics Fanni , Szlávicz Eszter , Becske Melinda , Boostani Mehdi , Farkas Klára , Kasek Roland , Fejes Emese , Bánvölgyi András , Lőrincz Kende , Takács Szabolcs , Holló Péter , Wikonkál Norbert , Lázár Imre , Kiss Norbert
Published: April 2024

Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease that can often be associated with psychiatric problems such as depression and anxiety. Although psychiatric disorders were initially considered secondary, their high prevalence suggests that common pathophysiological mechanisms may be involved in the development of psoriasis and certain psychiatric disorders. Moreover, certain psychological and psychiatric treatments may not only improve quality of life, but also alleviate psoriasis symptoms. This article highlights the psychodermatological aspects of psoriasis, summarizes the most common psychiatric problems in its background and describes the potential of psychotherapeutic and psychotropic treatments to reduce the severity of psoriasis.
Psycho-dermato-oncology aspects in the clinical practice
Authors:   National Institute of Oncology, Rehabilitation Department, Oncopsychology Working Group   and National Tumor Biology Laboratory, Budapest, Kovács Péter
Published: April 2024

Psycho-dermato-oncology belongs to the scientific field of psycho-oncology, and also to oncodermatology, and could be defined as the management of psychosocial, emotional and behavioural factors associated with the diagnosis of skin cancer and its treatment. Among cancer patients, the occurrence of psychological problems (such as anxiety and depression) is typically higher. Distress, in the context of skin cancer and skin cancer treatment, can be caused by multiple factors and has a significant impact on patients quality of life. Reducing distress is a necessary part and important goal of modern and holistic oncological treatment. Psycho-education for skin cancer patients has been found to be acceptable and effective support in patient adjustment.
Quasi-synonyms of the ophthalmological terminological system: towards the formulation of the problem
Authors: Kripak Anna Valentinovna
Published: April 2024

Ophthalmic terminology is a part of the medical terminology system. The medical terminological system has been studied in sufficient detail, however, to date, questions remain open regarding the synonymy of linguistic units within the ophthalmological terminological system. The purpose of the study is to consider the problem of relations within the ophthalmological terminological system and to prove the existence of a triple series of terms – quasi-synonyms. The object of the study is ophthalmological terminology, the thematic group is "ophthalmological diseases". The relevance of this work is due to the fact that ophthalmological terms with semantic similarity that can both replace each other and function in parallel in speech have not yet been sufficiently studied, in addition, it is necessary to establish what type of synonymy exists between these terms. The method of linguistic experiment used in the work makes it possible to achieve the purpose of the study. The study included 2,535 ophthalmological terms, of which 51 were names of ophthalmological diseases. An experiment was conducted to obtain evidence of the existence of different types of ophthalmic terms. The experiment involved ophthalmologists, nursing staff, patients of the ophthalmological center of Irkutsk (324 people – medical staff, 324 patients). The main conclusion of the study is that there are synonymous relations between terms within the ophthalmological terminological system. The conducted experiment allows us to talk about the existence of a triple set of terms, which confirmed the hypothesis about the functioning, in addition to the generally accepted terminology and professional jargonisms, of "folk" terminology (70% of the total number of terms included in the study). All terms of the triple series, being quasi-synonyms, have semantic similarity, but are not identical, relations of inclusion and intersection arise between them, they exist in the language in parallel. In the future, it is necessary to consider quasi-synonyms of other thematic groups of the ophthalmological terminological system in order to better understand the specifics of their use and the source of their occurrence, as well as whether they can become absolute synonyms and under what conditions.
RAS-p110α signalling in macrophages is required for effective inflammatory response and resolution of inflammation
Authors: Rosell Alejandro , Krygowska Agata A , Pérez Marta Alcón , Cuesta Cristina , Voisin Mathieu-Benoit , de Paz Juan , Sanz-Fraile Héctor , Rajeeve Vinothini , Berral-González Alberto , Carreras-González Ana , Swinyard Ottilie , Gabandé-Rodriguez Enrique , Downward Julian , Alcaraz Jordi , Anguita Juan , García-Macías Carmen , De Las Rivas Javier , Cutillas Pedro , Castellano Esther
Published: April 2024

Macrophages are crucial in the body’s inflammatory response, with tightly regulated functions for optimal immune system performance. Our study reveals that the RAS-p110α signalling pathway, known for its involvement in various biological processes and tumorigenesis, regulates two vital aspects of the inflammatory response in macrophages: the initial monocyte movement and later-stage lysosomal function. Disrupting this pathway, either in a mouse model or through drug intervention, hampers the inflammatory response, leading to delayed resolution and the development of more severe acute inflammatory reactions in live models. This discovery uncovers a previously unknown role of the p110α isoform in immune regulation within macrophages, offering insight into the complex mechanisms governing their function during inflammation and opening new avenues for modulating inflammatory responses.
RAS-p110α signalling in macrophages is required for effective inflammatory response and resolution of inflammation
Authors: Rosell Alejandro , Krygowska Agata A. , Pérez Marta Alcón , Voisin Mathieu-Benoit , de Paz Juan , Sanz-Fraile Héctor , Rajeeve Vinothini , Berral-González Alberto , Cuesta Cristina , Swinyard Ottilie , Gabandé-Rodriguez Enrique , Downward Julian , Alcaraz Jordi , Rivas Javier De Las , Cutillas Pedro , Castellano Esther
Published: April 2024

Macrophages are crucial in the body’s inflammatory response, with tightly regulated functions for optimal immune system performance. Our study reveals that the RAS-p110α signalling pathway, known for its involvement in various biological processes and tumorigenesis, regulates two vital aspects of the inflammatory response in macrophages: the initial monocyte movement and later-stage lysosomal function. Disrupting this pathway, either in a mouse model or through drug intervention, hampers the inflammatory response, leading to delayed resolution and the development of more severe acute inflammatory reactions in live models. This discovery uncovers a previously unknown role of the p110α isoform in immune regulation within macrophages, offering insight into the complex mechanisms governing their function during inflammation. With emerging potential to activate p110α using small molecules, targeting the RAS-p110α pathway could be a promising approach for treating chronic inflammation. This therapeutic prospect holds significant promise for easing inflammatory disorders and improving the quality of life for affected patients.
The T cell receptor β chain repertoire of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes improves neoantigen prediction and prioritization
Authors: Pham Thi Mong Quynh , Nguyen Thanh Nhan , Tran Nguyen Bui Que , Diem Tran Thi Phuong , Diem Pham Nguyen My , Phuc Nguyen Hoang Thien , Cuong Ho Thi Kim , Linh Nguyen Dinh Viet , Nguyen Huu Thinh , Tran Duc Huy , Tran Thanh Sang , Pham Truong Vinh Ngoc , Le Minh Triet , Vy Nguyen Thi Tuong , Phan Minh-Duy , Giang Hoa , Nguyen Hoai-Nghia , Tran Le Son
Published: April 2024

In the realm of cancer immunotherapy, the meticulous selection of neoantigens plays a fundamental role in enhancing personalized treatments. Traditionally, this selection process has heavily relied on predicting the binding of peptides to human leukocyte antigens (pHLA). Nevertheless, this approach often overlooks the dynamic interaction between tumor cells and the immune system. In response to this limitation, we have developed an innovative prediction algorithm rooted in machine learning, integrating T cell receptor β chain (TCRβ) profiling data from colorectal cancer (CRC) patients for a more precise neoantigen prioritization. TCRβ sequencing was conducted to profile the TCR repertoire of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from 28 CRC patients. The data unveiled both intra-tumor and inter-patient heterogeneity in the TCRβ repertoires of CRC patients, likely resulting from the stochastic utilization of V and J segments in response to neoantigens. Our novel combined model integrates pHLA binding information with pHLA-TCR binding to prioritize neoantigens, resulting in heightened specificity and sensitivity compared to models using individual features alone. The efficacy of our proposed model was corroborated through ELISpot assays on long peptides, performed on four CRC patients. These assays demonstrated that neoantigen candidates prioritized by our combined model outperformed predictions made by the established tool NetMHCpan. This comprehensive assessment underscores the significance of integrating pHLA binding with pHLA-TCR binding analysis for more effective immunotherapeutic strategies.
The T Cell Receptor β Chain Repertoire of Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes Improves Neoantigen Prediction and Prioritization
Authors: Pham Thi Mong Quynh , Nguyen Thanh Nhan , Nguyen Bui Que Tran , Tran Thi Phuong Diem , Pham Nguyen My Diem , Nguyen Hoang Thien Phuc , Ho Thi Kim Cuong , Nguyen Dinh Viet Linh , Nguyen Huu Thinh , Tran Duc Huy , Tran Thanh Sang , Pham Truong-Vinh Ngoc , Le Minh-Triet , Nguyen Thi Tuong Vy , Phan Minh-Duy , Giang Hoa , Nguyen Hoai-Nghia , Tran Le Son
Published: April 2024

In the realm of cancer immunotherapy, the meticulous selection of neoantigens plays a fundamental role in enhancing personalized treatments. Traditionally, this selection process has heavily relied on predicting the binding of peptides to human leukocyte antigens (pHLA). Nevertheless, this approach often overlooks the dynamic interaction between tumor cells and the immune system. In response to this limitation, we have developed an innovative prediction algorithm rooted in machine learning, integrating T cell receptor β chain (TCRβ) profiling data from colorectal cancer (CRC) patients for a more precise neoantigen prioritization. TCRβ sequencing was conducted to profile the TCR repertoire of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from 27 CRC patients. The data unveiled both intra-tumor and inter-patient heterogeneity in the TCRβ repertoires of CRC patients, likely resulting from the stochastic utilization of V and J segments in response to neoantigens. Our novel combined model integrates pHLA binding information with pHLA-TCR binding to prioritize neoantigens, resulting in heightened specificity and sensitivity compared to models using individual features alone. The efficacy of our proposed model was corroborated through ELISpot assays on long peptides, performed on four CRC patients. These assays demonstrated that neoantigen candidates prioritized by our combined model outperformed predictions made by the established tool NetMHCpan. This comprehensive assessment underscores the significance of integrating pHLA binding with pHLA-TCR binding analysis for more effective immunotherapeutic strategies.
Dependence of Nucleosome Mechanical Stability on DNA Mismatches
Authors: Ngo Thuy T. M. , Liu Bailey , Wang Feng , Basu Aakash , Wu Carl , Ha Taekjip
Published: April 2024

The organization of nucleosomes into chromatin and their accessibility are shaped by local DNA mechanics. Conversely, nucleosome positions shape genetic variations, which may originate from mismatches during replication and chemical modification of DNA. To investigate how DNA mismatches affect the mechanical stability and the exposure of nucleosomal DNA, we used an optical trap combined with single-molecule FRET and a single-molecule FRET cyclization assay. We found that a single base-pair C-C mismatch enhances DNA bendability and nucleosome mechanical stability for the 601-nucleosome positioning sequence. An increase in force required for DNA unwrapping from the histone core is observed for single base-pair C-C mismatches placed at three tested positions: at the inner turn, at the outer turn, or at the junction of the inner and outer turn of the nucleosome. The results support a model where nucleosomal DNA accessibility is reduced by mismatches, potentially explaining the preferred accumulation of single nucleotide substitutions in the nucleosome core and serving as the source of genetic variation during evolution and cancer progression. Mechanical stability of an intact nucleosome, i.e., mismatch-free, is also dependent on the species as we find that yeast nucleosomes are mechanically less stable and more symmetrical in the outer turn unwrapping compared to Xenopus nucleosomes.
DNA Methylome Regulates Virulence and Metabolism in Pseudomonas syringae
Authors: Huang Jiadai , Chen Fang , Lu Beifang , Sun Yue , Li Youyue , Hua Canfeng , Deng Xin
Published: April 2024

Bacterial pathogens employ epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, to adapt to environmental changes, and these mechanisms play important roles in various biological processes.
Pseudomonas syringae
is a model phytopathogenic bacterium, but its methylome is less well known than that of other species. In this study, we conducted single-molecule real-time sequencing to profile the DNA methylation landscape in three model pathovars of
P. syringae
. We identified one Type-I restriction-modification system (HsdMSR), including the conserved sequence motif associated with N
6
-methyladenine (6mA). About 25%–40% of the genes involved in DNA methylation were conserved in two or more of the strains, revealing the functional conservation of methylation in
P. syringae
. Subsequent transcriptomic analysis highlighted the involvement of HsdMSR in virulent and metabolic pathways, including the Type III secretion system, biofilm formation, and translational efficiency. The regulatory effect of HsdMSR on transcription was dependent on both strands being fully 6mA methylated. Overall, this work illustrated the methylation profile in
P. syringae
and the critical involvement of DNA methylation in regulating virulence and metabolism. Thus, this work contributes to a deeper understanding of epigenetic transcriptional control in
P. syringae
and related bacteria.
Seroprevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis among Infertile Female Patients : A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Dhivya Gopi , Sridharan Kopula Satyamoorthy , Reddy N Sanjeeva , Ramesh Arunagiri , Palraj Kennedy Kumar
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Among many sexually transmitted pathogens, Chlamydia trachomatis (C.trachomatis) is increasingly being connected with long-term sequelae like infertility, in addition to its ability to cause genital tract infection. Aim: To determine the seroprevalence of C.trachomatis Infection (CTI) among the infertile female patients at a tertiary care centre. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from March 2019 to February 2020 at the Outpatient Department (OPD) of Reproductive Medicine and Surgery, Sri Ramachandra Hospital, SRIHER, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Women with primary and secondary infertility were included in the study and their clinical history was collected in a proforma. Estimation of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) to C.trachomatis was done in the patient’s serum. Results: Out of the 130 female patients with infertility, 10 (7.6%) of them were positive for C.trachomatis IgG antibody. Among the 10 patients, five were primary infertility and the rest were secondary infertility. The most common risk factors were lack of awareness of contraceptive usage, young age, use of Intrauterine Device (IUD) and multiple sexual partners were generally associated with genital Chlamydial infection. Conclusion: The prevalence of C.trachomatis was 7.6% in the present study and was found to vary based upon the culture, hygiene and education. Hence, the present study recommends screening of IgG antibody by ELISA for C.trachomatis, which plays a significant role in the diagnosis of infertility.
Assessment of Serum Prolactin Levels in Patients with Liver Disease: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Babu Anju , Sumitha PS , Thomas Purnima Eliz , Krishnan Sajitha , Keerthana G , Resmy K , Pradeep Pooja , Nandini K
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Prolactin is a hormone released from the anterior pituitary gland under tonic inhibitory control by dopamine. A decrease in dopamine levels is usually observed in decompensated liver disease, which could be due to its inhibition by the increased synthesis of false neurotransmitters. However, the level of serum prolactin in liver disease patients still remains disputed. Aim: To evaluate the serum prolactin levels in patients with liver disease of different aetiologies and compare them with healthy controls. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry from August 2021 to August 2022 at Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences (AIMS), Kochi, Kerala, India. A total of 100 patients with liver disease and 100 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Serum prolactin was estimated using the Electro- Chemiluminescence Immuno Assay (ECLIA) technique. The serum prolactin levels were compared among patients with liver disease of different aetiologies and with healthy controls. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Dun Bonferroni test. Results: The median serum prolactin levels were significantly elevated in the cases {40.61 (29.13-70.24 ng/mL)} compared to the controls {17 (10.95-20.70 ng/mL)}, This p-value is correct as the median levels for cases is {40.61 (29.13-70.24 ng/mL)}. Comparison of prolactin levels showed no statistically significant difference based on the distribution of age and gender. In the present study, prolactin levels were found to be most prominent in patients with fatty liver disease. Conclusion: The serum prolactin level increased significantly in liver disease patients, particularly in patients with fatty liver. Hence, prolactin levels can be used as a useful predictive biomarker for fatty liver.
Application of categorical boosting to modelling the friction behaviour of DC05 steel sheets in strip drawing test
Authors: Szewczyk Marek , Szwajka Krzysztof , Najm Sherwan Mohammed , Mohammed Salwa O.
Published: April 2024

It is challenging to model the coefficient of friction, surface roughness, and related tribological processes during metal contact because of flattening, ploughing, and adhesion. It is important to choose the appropriate process parameters carefully when creating analytical models to overcome the challenges posed by complexity. This will ensure the production of sheet metal formed components that meets the required quality standards and is free from faults. This research analyses the impacts of nominal pressure, kinematic viscosity of lubricant, and lubricant pressure on the coefficient of friction and average roughness of DC05 deep-drawing steel sheets. The strip drawing test was used to determine the coefficient of friction. This work utilises the Categoric Boosting (CatBoost) machine learning algorithm created by Yandex to estimate the COF and surface roughness, intending to conduct a comprehensive investigation of process parameters. A Shapley decision plot exhibits the coefficient of friction prediction models via cumulative SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) data. CatBoost has outstanding prediction accuracy, as seen by R2 values ranging from 0.955 to 0.894 for both the training and testing datasets for the COF, as well as 0.992 to 0.885 for surface roughness.
Assessment of Genetic Diversity among Quantitative Traits of Chickpea Genotypes
Authors: Panwar Dilip , Singh Anshuman , J Harish , R Lakshmeesha , H B Sanjay , Vamsidharreddy N.
Published: April 2024

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the most important pulse crop providing the livelihood to farmers. India is one of the topmost countries in chickpea production followed by middle-east. Assessment of morphological traits and their genetic diversity will help in increasing production of chickpea. A comprehensive evaluation of 44 distinct chickpea genotypes was conducted during 2020-21 Rabi season at RLBCAU, Jhansi. Utilizing Tocher's method and D2 values, the studied genotypes were meticulously organized into nine non-overlapping clusters, with cluster (I) comprising the most, featuring 17 genotypes, followed by cluster (II) with 12 genotypes. Significant genetic diversity was evident, especially between clusters (IV) and (VI) (2710.13) followed by (V) and (VI) (2565.51), highlighting the diversity among these genotypes. Key contributors to this divergence were 100-seed weight (48.8%), number of secondary branches per plant (26.5%), and seed yield per plant (9%). Cluster (VIII) exhibited higher mean values for days to maturity (140.57), while cluster (VII) had elevated values for the number of pods per plant (84.61). Genotypes like Phule G 171105, RVSSG 81, RLBG 6, GL-16063, and RKG 19-2 emerged as potential contributors to future breeding programs, promising significant hybrid vigour and superior heterotic segregants to advance chickpea genetics.
Glaucoma Screening among Relatives of Glaucoma Patients in Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Anthony Onwuegbuna Arinze , Anthony Eze Ugochukwu , Ijeoma Apakama Akunne , Malachy Ezeude Chidiebele , Chukwunonyerem Ochiogu Bernard , Chinyelu Udeaja Anthonia
Published: April 2024

Aim: To determine the awareness, attitude, and practice of glaucoma screening among adult first degree relatives of glaucoma patients in Anambra State, Nigeria.
Study Design: A prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional survey.
Place of Study: Eye clinics and community eye care out-reaches that offer primary, secondary, and tertiary eye care services to people within Anambra state, Nigeria.
Methods: A pretested, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information such as sociodemographic data, awareness and knowledge of glaucoma and the frequency of practice of glaucoma screening. These were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi square test and logistic regression) where applicable. Level of significance was set at a p-value <0.05.
Results: A total of 186 first degree relatives (FDRs) of glaucoma patients participated, 120 (59.1%) were females, M: F = 1:1.4 and a mean age 43.87 years ± 14.62 SD. Almost half had a secondary level of education and were traders.
Majority (83.9%) and 39.8% had heard of glaucoma and glaucoma screening respectively in the past. However, only 23.7% had been screened for glaucoma. The main reasons respondents gave why they did not screen for glaucoma include 'not necessary', 'no time' and ' not affordable. There was a significant negative relationship between unemployment and poor glaucoma screening practice p=0.007.
Conclusion: This study showed a generally poor knowledge, attitude and practices towards glaucoma screening in the study population. Stakeholders need to intensify efforts to make people understand glaucoma risk factors and appreciate the need to have glaucoma screening in their environments.
Hopf bifurcations with fluctuating gain
Authors: Triana S.A. , Kelley D.H. , Zimmerman D. , Sisan D. , Lathrop D.P.
Published: September 2008

A Hopf bifurcation describes a transition from a steady state to an oscillatory one. This report describes how the presence of white Gaussian noise in the term driving the instability (the gain) affects the character of such a transition. We find that for small noise intensities the effective critical value of the bifurcation parameter increases linearly with the noise intensity. This result is used to quantitatively describe the onset of the magneto‐rotational instability in a laboratory experiment using liquid metal with turbulent background flow. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Metal‐Controlled Anion‐Binding Tendencies of the Thiourea Unit of Thiosemicarbazones
Authors: Amendola Valeria , Boiocchi Massimo , Fabbrizzi Luigi , Mosca Lorenzo
Published: September 2008

The terdentate ligand 3 (LH, 2‐formylpyridine 4‐thiosemicarbazone) forms with FeII and NiII 2:1 complexes of octahedral geometry of formula [MII(LH)2]2+. X‐ray diffraction studies have shown that in both complexes the thiourea moieties of the coordinated thiosemicarbazones are exposed to the outside and are prone to establish hydrogen‐bonding bifurcate interactions with oxoanions. However, spectrophotometric studies in CHCl3 solution have shown that only the poorly basic NO3− ion is able to form authentic hydrogen‐bond complexes with thiourea subunits, whereas all the other investigated anions (CH3COO−, NO2−, F−) induce deprotonation of the N‐H fragment. The extreme enhancement of the thiourea acidity is based on the coordinative interaction of the sulphur atom with the metal, which stabilises the thiolate form, and it is much higher than that exerted by any other covalently linked electron‐withdrawing substituent, for example, NO2.
Reliability and validity of the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study Neurocognitive Questionnaire
Authors: Krull Kevin R. , Gioia Gerard , Ness Kirsten K. , Ellenberg Leah , Recklitis Christopher , Leisenring Wendy , Huang Sujuan , Stovall Marilyn , Robison Leslie L. , Zeltzer Lonnie
Published: September 2008

BACKGROUND.

Up to 40% of childhood cancer survivors may experience neurocognitive impairment in 1 or more specific domains. As such, regular monitoring has been recommended for patients exposed to cranial irradiation and/or antimetabolite chemotherapy. This study reports the results of a questionnaire developed to identify those survivors who may be experiencing neurocognitive problems.

METHODS.

Participants for this study were 7121 members of the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study cohort (6739 survivors and 382 siblings). These participants completed a new neurocognitive questionnaire designed to assess functions commonly affected by cancer therapy, as well as a standard measure of emotional functioning. A measure of cognitive and emotional functioning was also completed on a subset of the patients roughly 7 years before the current questionnaire. Responses to the questionnaires among subgroups of survivors were then analyzed to examine the reliability and validity of the new neurocognitive questionnaire.

RESULTS.

Four reliable factors were identified that assessed task efficiency, emotional regulation, organization, and memory skills. These neurocognitive factors accurately discriminated survivors who were at “high risk” for neurocognitive dysfunction, because of neurologic abnormalities or a history of intensive focal cranial irradiation, from healthy “low‐risk” survivors and siblings.

CONCLUSIONS.

The questionnaire demonstrated excellent reliability, as well as construct and discriminative validity. It appears to be a practical and efficient tool for monitoring neurocognitive outcomes in adult survivors of pediatric cancer. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Serum interleukin‐6 predicts the development of multiple symptoms at nadir of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Wang Xin Shelley , Shi Qiuling , Williams Lori A. , Cleeland Charles S. , Mobley Gary M. , Reuben James M. , Lee Bang‐Ning , Giralt Sergio A.
Published: September 2008

BACKGROUND.

During the time of lowest white blood cell count (nadir) of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT), cancer patients suffer from tremendous symptom burden related to therapy that requires intensive patient care. However, the mechanism underlying the development of multiple symptoms has not been established.

METHODS.

To explore the role of inflammatory cytokines in the development of treatment‐related symptoms, we studied dynamic changes in symptoms and in serum concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]‐6, IL‐8, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 [sTNF‐R1], IL‐1 receptor antagonist, and IL‐12p40p70) from pretherapy throughout the first 30 days of allo‐HSCT in 30 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome. We measured multiple symptoms repeatedly using the M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory. Mixed‐effects modeling was used to analyze longitudinal data.

RESULTS.

In response to conditioning and stem‐cell infusion, serum levels of IL‐6 and the severity of multiple symptoms increased rapidly and peaked at nadir. From baseline to nadir (approximately Day 8 post‐transplantation), increase in IL‐6 was significantly associated with worsening of the most severe symptoms (fatigue, poor appetite, pain, drowsiness, dry mouth, and disturbed sleep; P< .01). During the first 30 days after transplantation, increases in IL‐6 (P< .001) and sTNF‐R1 (P< .05) significantly predicted the increasing severity of these symptoms.

CONCLUSIONS.

These results suggest that release of systemic inflammatory cytokines, mainly IL‐6, corresponds to an increase in treatment‐related multiple‐symptom burden during the nadir period of allo‐HSCT. Cancer 2008. © American Cancer Society.
Circulating tumor cells in metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Dawood Shaheenah , Broglio Kristine , Valero Vicente , Reuben James , Handy Beverly , Islam Rabiul , Jackson Summer , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. , Fritsche Herbert , Cristofanilli Massimo
Published: September 2008

BACKGROUND.

The aim of the current study was to assess the prognostic value of baseline circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in a large cohort of patients with newly diagnosed metastatic breast cancer (MBC).

METHODS.

This retrospective study included 185 patients with newly diagnosed MBC evaluated between 2001 and 2007. CTCs were isolated and enumerated before patients started first‐line treatment using the CellSearch system. Overall survival (OS) was calculated from the date of CTC measurement, estimated by the Kaplan‐Meier product limit method, and compared between groups with the log‐rank test. Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to determine the association between CTC levels and OS after controlling for other prognostic factors.

RESULTS.

The median age of the patients at the time of MBC diagnosis was 49 years. Fifty‐six (30.3%) patients presented with de novo metastatic disease, and 129 (69.7%) presented with newly recurrent breast cancer. A total of 114 patients (61.6%) had CTC <5, and 71 (38.4%) had CTC ≥5. The median OS was 28.3 months and 15 months (P < .0001) for patients with CTC <5 and CTC ≥5, respectively. Superior survival among patients with CTC <5 was observed regardless of hormone receptor and HER‐2/neu status, site of first metastases, or whether the patient had recurrent or de novo metastatic disease. In the multivariate model, patients with CTC ≥5 had a hazards ratio of death of 3.64 (95% confidence interval, 2.11‐6.30) compared with patients with CTC <5.

CONCLUSIONS.

The results of this large retrospective study confirms that CTCs are a strong independent predictor of survival among women with either de novo or newly recurrent MBC. CTCs should be considered as a new stratification method for women with newly diagnosed MBC. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Infrared Spectroscopy of a Wilkinson Catalyst in a Room‐Temperature Ionic Liquid
Authors: Kiefer Johannes , Obert Katharina , Himmler Simone , Schulz Peter S. , Wasserscheid Peter , Leipertz Alfred
Published: September 2008

Homogeneous catalysis in room‐temperature ionic liquids (ILs) constitutes a most interesting field of research with high potential in technical applications. As concerns the hydrogenation of unsaturated hydrocarbons, Wilkinson’s compound RhCl(PPh3)3 represents a catalyst that provides high selectivity and activity. Herein, we demonstrate the application of infrared spectroscopy to the quantitative analysis of the Wilkinson catalyst in the IL 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM][OAc]). Our study demonstrates for the first time the quantitative, accurate and reproducible determination of the concentration of a rhodium catalyst by means of IR spectroscopy and, moreover, allows the investigation of intermolecular interactions. Spectral features, located mainly in the fingerprint region of the IR spectrum, are identified revealing the influence of the dissolved catalyst on the IL’s vibrational structure. In particular, the ring‐bending mode of the imidazolium ring shows a frequency shift as a function of catalyst concentration, probably due to hydrogen‐bond formation between the IL cation and the Rh complex. The results show the potential of IR spectroscopy both for application as a quick process control technology in catalytic processes and as a tool for better understanding of IL–catalyst interactions.
Phenotype and function of human T lymphocyte subsets: Consensus and issues
Authors: Appay Victor , van Lier Rene A. W. , Sallusto Federica , Roederer Mario
Published: September 2008

In recent years, a tremendous effort has been devoted to the detailed characterization of the phenotype and function of distinct T cell subpopulations in humans, as well as to their pathway(s) of differentiation and role in immune responses. But these studies seem to have generated more questions than definitive answers. To clarify issues related to the function and differentiation of T cell subsets, one session of the MASIR 2008 conference was dedicated to this topic. Several points of consensus and discord were highlighted in the work presented during this session. We provide here an account of these points, including the relative heterogeneity of T cell subpopulations during infections with distinct pathogens, the relationship between phenotypic and functional T cell attributes, and the pathway(s) of T cell differentiation. Finally, we discuss the problems which still limit general agreement. Published 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of a Pyrazyl Linker on the Physicochemical Properties of Homodinuclear Bis(cyclen) and Bis(cyclam) Complexes
Authors: El Ghachtouli Sanae , Cadiou Cyril , Déchamps‐Olivier Isabelle , Chuburu Françoise , Aplincourt Michel , Roisnel Thierry , Turcry Véronique , Patinec Véronique , Le Baccon Michel , Handel Henri
Published: September 2008

CuII and NiII complexes of bis(cyclen)pyrazine and bis(cyclam)pyrazine, [Cu2L1]4+, [Ni2L1]4+, [Cu2L2]4+, [Ni2L2]4+, have been isolated and characterised by UV/Vis and EPR spectroscopy. Complex [Cu2L1]4+ was characterised by X‐ray diffraction. The crystallographic structure indicated that the two metal cations are held in a square‐pyramidal geometry, the central nitrogen pyrazine atoms occupying the apical position of each metal centre. In solution, the EPR spectrum of [Cu2L1]4+ revealed the presence of two isomers, one of which was the previous crystallised complex. For [Ni2L2]4+, the electrochemical studies have highlighted the presence of two distinct geometries for the complex (type III and type V). From the electronic point of view, EPR and electrochemical measurements indicated that in these complexes the pyrazine bridge behaves as a poorly efficient exchange bridging ligand between the two metal centres. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Mutual liking and meta‐perception accuracy
Authors: Ohtsubo Yohsuke , Takezawa Masanori , Fukuno Mitsuteru
Published: September 2008

The present study investigated the underlying mechanism yielding a positive correlation between dyad members' mutual liking and meta‐accuracy (i.e., dyad members who like each other tend to be accurate in judging how their partner sees them). Two pilot studies were first conducted to confirm the presence of the positive correlation. The main study was conducted to test several possible explanations for the observed positive correlation. In the main study, each participant took part in a series of brief interactions with an unacquainted opposite‐sex partner three times. In each interaction, participants rated their liking for the partner, evaluated their impression of the partner on 15 items, and finally inferred the partner's impression of them on the same 15 items. The meta‐accuracy was operationally defined as the correlation between the partner's impression and the participant's inference. Neither of the two types of unilateral liking (i.e., participant's liking for the partner nor the partner's liking for the participant) predicted meta‐accuracy. However, when both members found the partner likeable (i.e., mutual liking was present), the within‐dyad average meta‐accuracy tended to be high. The implications of these results for meta‐perception research are discussed on the basis of Brunswik's lens model framework. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using different spatial scale measurements in a geostatistically based approach for mapping atmospheric nitrogen dioxide concentrations. Application to the French Centre region
Authors: Malherbe Laure , Cárdenas Giovanni , Colin Patrice , Yahyaoui Abderrazak
Published: September 2008

Passive sampling surveys followed by geostatistical data analysis have become a common and efficient approach for mapping background concentrations at regional and urban scales. Traffic‐related pollution is also a matter of concern as regards population exposure but since it acts at shorter spatiotemporal scales, it is usually not integrated in the same maps. However, to provide more comprehensive information to the authorities and the public, the agencies responsible for air quality monitoring are searching for innovative ways of representing background and roadside concentrations together. A methodology based on geostatistics and the examination of the relationships between seasonal nitrogen dioxide concentrations and auxiliary variables is proposed in this study. It is applied to data collected in the French Centre region. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A numerical approach to electromagnetic dosimetry for the human body
Authors: Caorsi Salvatore , Gragnani Gian Luigi , Pastorino Matteo
Published: September 2008

The quantitative evaluation of the human hazard due to exposure to nonionizing radiation requires the estimation of the em. absorption by the various tissues of the human body. In this paper, a numerical method is proposed, which can be used to predict the distribution of electromagnetic absorption inside the human body (simulated by a 3D block model consisting of variable‐sized cells). Electromagnetic scattering is studied, taking into account the mutual coupling between the source (i.e., an antenna) and the body. A moment‐method formulation is adopted to reduce to matrix form the well‐known integro‐differential equation of direct electromagnetic scattering and the equations of the boundary conditions of the electromagnetic source. A domain decomposition is performed that allows one to use limited computational resources and to perform an off‐line evaluation of the invariant model portions. Simulations results are reported, concerning the block model of a standard man (175 cm tall) made up of 450 cells and exposed to the aperture antenna. The abdominal region is considered in more detail. Such results are compared with those obtained under plane‐wave exposure of a two‐dimensional cylindrical model.
On Lattice Coding for the Gaussian Channel
Authors: Oliveira Hélio Magalhäes De , Battail Gérard
Published: September 2008

The definition and basic properties of lattice codes for the Gaussian channel are first recalled. Then, an estimation of the code rate and bounds on the error probability are presented. Lattice codes are shown to exit which reach the channel capacity. Separate coding and shape gains are introduced. Finally, the asymptotic behaviour of lattice codes is examined and we are led to conjecture that achieving capacity is a covering ‐ rather than packing ‐ problem.
Joint Carrier Phase Estimation and Symbol Decoding of Trellis Codes
Authors: Kaleh Ghassan Kawas
Published: September 2008

We use the Expectation‐Maximization algorithm to deduce an iterative method for carrier phase estimation and symbol decoding. The method applies to all trellis‐based codes. Carrier phase offset and noise variance estimation is based on the maximum likelihood criterion. The Markovian properties of the encoder state sequence enable us to calculate the required likelihoods using a forward‐backward algorithm. Given the phase estimate, the calculated likelihood functions can easily give optimum decisions on information symbols which minimize the symbol error probability. Simulation results which show rapid convergence are given.
A Self‐Routing Packet Network Via Optical Processing of the Header
Authors: Davidson A. C. , Chaudhuri S. K.
Published: September 2008

The speed limitations of optoelectronic conversions and electronic signal processing for routing control in a packet network restrict the usable bandwidth of a fiber optic channel to well below its full potential. By keeping the signal in optical form and using optical signal processing, it is possible to remove the electronic bottleneck and utilize the untapped bandwidth of fiber optics. Furthermore, fiber optics facilitates the use of bandwidth expansion techniques, such as wavelength division multiplexing, to simplify network design.

To allow multiple users access to a high speed optical channel, a new scheme, given the name code‐division header recognition (CDHR), is devised that uses both frequency ‐ and time‐domain bandwidth expansion as well as optical signal processing. An encoded destination address for a data packet is transmitted on a low speed subchannel at a different wavelength from a high speed main channel and optical delay‐line correlators are used for packet routing. The CDHR receivers are used to form a ring network which is then analyzed at the physical layer and the data link layer, specifically the media access control, of tiie OSI network model.
Harmonic and Intermodulation Owing to Nonuniform Quantization
Authors: Abuelma'atti Muhammad Taher
Published: September 2008

By representing the nonuniform quantizer characteristic by an infinite Fourier series, new, computationally simple, analytical expressions for predicting the harmonic and intermodulation performance of nonuniform quantizers are presented. Using these expressions nonuniform quantizer characteristics can be tailored to maintain predetermined maximum intermodulation levels under any scenario of input signals.
The pairwise error probability for decoding a convolutionally encoded sequence using integer metrics
Authors: Goldman Haim
Published: September 2008

The performance of a communication system that operates over a binary‐input, output‐symmetric memoryless channel and employs a convolutional error correcting code is usually evaluated by applying the union bound to the node error and the bit error probabilities. These bounds depend on the probability that an incorrect path on the code trellis accumulates a larger metric than the correct path. The paper presents an easy method to compute this pairwise error probability that is applicable to the significant case of a Viterbi decoder that uses a finite set of integer branch metrics.