bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growth of a Sub-Centimeter-Sized CsPbBr3 Bulk Single Crystal Using an Anti-Solvent Precipitation Method
Authors: Su Longxing
Published: March 2024

A facile and low-cost strategy to fabricate CsPbBr3 single crystals is essential for developing perovskite optoelectronic devices. Herein, we have presented a room temperature anti-solvent precipitate method for growing sub-centimeter-sized CsPbBr3 single crystals. The as-prepared CsPbBr3 single crystal has an orthorhombic structure, and phase transition occurs as the measured temperature increases. The as-grown CsPbBr3 single crystal also shows abundant surface morphologies including footsteps, precipitated crystals, cracks, and pits. Subsequently, a metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM)-structured photodetector was fabricated based on the CsPbBr3 single crystal. Under 525 nm green light illumination, the photodetector exhibits an obvious response and the photocurrent linearly increases with the increase in the light intensity. The rise time of the photodetector increases from 0.82 s to 2.19 s as the light intensity is enhanced from 15 mW/cm2 to 160 mW/cm2, indicating that more time is required to reach to a stable photocurrent. However, the decay time is as fast as ~0.82 ms, irrelevant of the light intensity. The photocurrent, under continuous light illumination, was further studied and this indicates that a stronger light intensity can accelerate the attenuation of the device.
Persulfate–Based Advanced Oxidation Process for Chlorpyrifos Degradation: Mechanism, Kinetics, and Toxicity Assessment
Authors: Xu Youxin , Zhang Chenxi , Zou Haobing , Chen Guangrong , Sun Xiaomin , Wang Shuguang , Tian Huifang
Published: March 2024

Persulfate-based advanced oxidation process has been proven to be a promising method for the toxic pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPY) degradation in wastewater treatment. However, due to the limitation for the short-lived intermediates detection, a comprehensive understanding for the degradation pathway remains unclear. To address this issue, density functional theory was used to analyze the degradation mechanism of CPY at the M06-2X/6-311++G(3df,3pd)//M06-2X/6-31+G(d,p) level, and computational toxicology methods were employed to explore the toxicity of CPY and its degradation products. Results show that hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and sulfate radicals (SO4•−) initiate the degradation reactions by adding to the P=S bond and abstracting the H atom on the ethyl group, rather than undergoing α-elimination of the pyridine ring in the persulfate oxidation process. Moreover, the addition products were attracted and degraded by breaking the P–O bond, while the abstraction products were degraded through dealkylation reactions. The transformation products, including 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridynol, O,O-diethyl phosphorothioate, chlorpyrifos oxon, and acetaldehyde, obtained through theoretical calculations have been detected in previous experimental studies. The reaction rate constants of CPY with ·OH and SO4•− were 6.32 × 108 and 9.14 × 108 M−1·s−1 at room temperature, respectively, which was consistent with the experimental values of 4.42 × 109 and 4.5 × 109 M−1 s−1. Toxicity evaluation results indicated that the acute and chronic toxicity to aquatic organisms gradually decreased during the degradation process. However, some products still possess toxic or highly toxic levels, which may pose risks to human health. These research findings contribute to understanding the transformation behavior and risk assessment of CPY in practical wastewater treatment.
Identification of Three Novel Linear B-Cell Epitopes in Non-Structural Protein 3 of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Using Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Ye Mingjun , Zhu Huixin , Yang Zhen , Gao Yanni , Bai Juan , Jiang Ping , Liu Xing , Wang Xianwei
Published: March 2024

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a highly pathogenic swine coronavirus that causes diarrhea and high mortality in piglets, resulting in significant economic losses within the global swine industry. Nonstructural protein 3 (Nsp3) is the largest in coronavirus, playing critical roles in viral replication, such as the processing of polyproteins and the formation of replication-transcription complexes (RTCs). In this study, three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), 7G4, 5A3, and 2D7, targeting PEDV Nsp3 were successfully generated, and three distinct linear B-cell epitopes were identified within these mAbs by using Western blotting analysis with 24 truncations of Nsp3. The epitope against 7G4 was located on amino acids 31-TISQDLLDVE-40, the epitope against 5A3 was found on amino acids 141-LGIVDDPAMG-150, and the epitope against 2D7 was situated on amino acids 282-FYDAAMAIDG-291. Intriguingly, the epitope 31-TISQDLLDVE-40 recognized by the mAb 7G4 appears to be a critical B-cell linear epitope due to its high antigenic index and exposed location on the surface of Nsp3 protein. In addition, bioinformatics analysis unveiled that these three epitopes were highly conserved in most genotypes of PEDV. These findings present the first characterization of three novel linear B-cell epitopes in the Nsp3 protein of PEDV and provide potential tools of mAbs for identifying host proteins that may facilitate viral infection.
Structural Insights into Plant Viruses Revealed by Small-Angle X-ray Scattering and Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Shtykova Eleonora V. , Dubrovin Evgeniy V. , Ksenofontov Alexander L. , Gifer Polina K. , Petoukhov Maxim V. , Tokhtar Valeriy K. , Sapozhnikova Irina M. , Stavrianidi Andrey N. , Kordyukova Larisa V. , Batishchev Oleg V.
Published: March 2024

The structural study of plant viruses is of great importance to reduce the damage caused by these agricultural pathogens and to support their biotechnological applications. Nowadays, X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy and cryo-electron microscopy are well accepted methods to obtain the 3D protein structure with the best resolution. However, for large and complex supramolecular structures such as plant viruses, especially flexible filamentous ones, there are a number of technical limitations to resolving their native structure in solution. In addition, they do not allow us to obtain structural information about dynamics and interactions with physiological partners. For these purposes, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) are well established. In this review, we have outlined the main principles of these two methods and demonstrated their advantages for structural studies of plant viruses of different shapes with relatively high spatial resolution. In addition, we have demonstrated the ability of AFM to obtain information on the mechanical properties of the virus particles that are inaccessible to other experimental techniques. We believe that these under-appreciated approaches, especially when used in combination, are valuable tools for studying a wide variety of helical plant viruses, many of which cannot be resolved by classical structural methods.
Disease Course of Korean African Swine Fever Virus in Domestic Pigs Exposed Intraorally, Intranasally, Intramuscularly, and by Direct Contact with Infected Pigs
Authors: Cho Ki-Hyun , Hong Seong-Keun , Kim Da-Young , Sohn Hyun-Joo , Yoo Dae-Sung , Kang Hae-Eun , Kim Yeon-Hee
Published: March 2024

African swine fever (ASF) is a fatal contagious disease affecting swine. The first Korean ASF virus (ASFV) isolate (Korea/Pig/Paju1/2019) was used to compare the disease course of ASFV in pigs inoculated via the four routes. In the challenge experiment, domestic pigs were infected via the intraoral (IO) and intranasal (IN) routes with a 106 50% hemadsorbing dose (HAD50) and an intramuscular (IM) injection of 103 HAD50. In the direct contact (DC) group, five naïve pigs were brought into direct contact with two IM-ASFV-infected pigs. IO-, IN-, and IM-inoculated pigs showed similar disease courses, whereas DC pigs had comparable ASF syndrome after a 7-day latent period. The disease course in the DC route, one of the most common routes of infection, was not significantly different from that in the IO and IN routes. IM and DC groups differed in terms of the severity of fever and hemorrhagic lesions in the lymph nodes and spleen, indicating that the IM route, suitable for early vaccine development trials, is not appropriate for studying the ASFV infection mechanism, including early stage of infection, and IO and IN challenges with a designated dose can be alternatives in trials for assessing ASFV pathogenicity and vaccine efficacy investigations.
Liberaba tu accusas ! Restituting the ancient date of Caesar’s funus
Authors: Carotta Francesco , Eickenberg Arne
Published: March 2024

Du récit unanime des anciens historiographes il ressort que le funus de Jules César eut lieu le 17 mars 44 av. J.-C. Or la communauté académique moderne prétend presque aussi unanimement que cette date est erronée, sans s’accorder cependant sur une alternative. Dans la littérature scientifique on donne des dates entre le 18 et le 23, et plus précisément le 20 mars, en s’appuyant sur la chronologie avancée par Drumann et Groebe. L’analyse des sources historiques et des évènements qui suivirent l’assassinat de César jusqu’à ses funérailles, prouve que les auteurs anciens ne s’étaient pas trompés, et que Groebe avait reconnu la méprise de Drumann mais avait évité de l’amender. La correction de cette erreur invétérée va permettre de mieux examiner le contexte politique et religieux des funérailles de César.
Les notables de Stratonicée de Carie à l’époque antonine : hétérogénéité juridique, homogénéité sociale
Authors: Frija Gabrielle
Published: March 2024

À l’époque antonine, Stratonicée, cité moyenne de Carie, est frappée par un tremblement de terre dont les conséquences mobilisent les principaux notables de la cité (ambassades à Rome pour demander de l’aide, distribution de blé à prix réduit…). Certains sont citoyens romains, d’autres non. À partir de cet exemple, l’article propose une réflexion sur le sens de la citoyenneté romaine pour les notables grecs d’une cité moyenne au milieu du IIe siècle : quelles sont les conséquences de la coupure juridique entre deux groupes de notables, les pérégrins et les citoyens romains ? La diffusion de la citoyenneté romaine peut‑elle avoir déséquilibré ou compliqué les relations sociales à l’intérieur d’un groupe devenu juridiquement hétérogène ? Il s’agit ici d’envisager des explications à la diffusion très inégale des tria nomina parmi les notables grecs en sortant de l’alternative, fréquemment utilisée dans l’historiographie, entre adhésion et réticence envers la citoyenneté romaine.
Aigai d’Éolide et Colophon-sur-Mer : un nouveau fragment de l’inscription trouvée à Claros
Authors: Debord Pierre , Fröhlich Pierre
Published: March 2024

Lors de la saison de fouilles de 2011 a été découverte dans le sanctuaire de Claros la partie gauche d’une stèle sur laquelle sont gravés un décret d’Aigai et le décret réponse de Colophon-sur-Mer. Cette découverte permet de restituer l’intégralité de ces textes dont la partie droite a été publiée par Ph. Gauthier en 1999. On y apprend que les juges de Colophon sont venus à l’initiative du roi Attale Ier.
Une paix sans nom ? (Démosthène, Sur les forfaitures de l’ambassade, § 204)
Authors: Daix David-Artur
Published: March 2024

Au § 204 du plaidoyer Sur les forfaitures de l’ambassade (XIX) de Démosthène, la paix, τὴν εἰρήνην, est qualifiée par l’adjectif épicène ἀνώμοτον qui, exceptionnellement, prend ici un sens passif : «qui n’est pas jurée » . Outre que c’est un hapax dans cet emploi, le mot ayant toujours ailleurs, y compris chez Démosthène, un sens actif : «qui n’a pas prêté serment » , il soulève des difficultés d’interprétation : en effet, l’orateur explique aux § 158 et 278 du discours que Philippe et ses alliés ont effectivement prêté serment en 346 ; et, d’autre part, il ne fait absolument aucune mention des amendements au traité négociés en 344-3 et rejetés par le roi de Macédoine ; de sorte qu’il est très difficile de comprendre à quoi peut bien faire allusion cette paix «qui n’est pas jurée » . Corriger le texte transmis s’avère néanmoins délicat dans la mesure où cette leçon, parfaitement classique pour la forme, est attestée par toute la tradition manuscrite ; et les quelques conjectures proposées jusqu’ici n’ont pas emporté l’adhésion. Il convient donc d’étudier en détail l’emploi qui est fait ici de l’adjectif ἀνώμοτον afin de déterminer s’il faut l’émender ou, au moins, l’athétiser et, si tel est le cas, quelle correction pourrait s’avérer convaincante.
Aristote et le problème des frontières de la cité autarcique
Authors: Monteils-Laeng Laetitia
Published: March 2024

Parce que la cité doit être pensée non pas depuis sa matière (son territoire et ses habitants), mais depuis sa fin (l’autarcie), la question du tracé des frontières de la cité selon nos voeux apparaît a priori secondaire pour Aristote. Le territoire, sa situation, ses caractéristiques et sa taille, sont pensés à partir des impératifs fonctionnels de la cité (Pol. VII, 4, 1325b-1326a). Sa délimitation doit ainsi obéir à une norme qui en interdit l’extension illimitée (Pol. VII, 5, 1326b). L’idéal d’autarcie semble ainsi impliquer en matière de politique étrangère une position uniquement défensive, voire isolationniste. Pourtant, Aristote n’exclut pas pour sa cité une forme de suprématie régionale (Pol. VII, 6, 1326b-1327b), pas plus que la possibilité de guerres offensives visant la capture d’esclaves (Pol. VII, 2, 1324b). Comment réconcilier la préservation de l’autarcie avec d’une part ce qui ressemble à une tentation impérialiste et d’autre part avec l’introduction de captifs de guerre destinés à servir d’esclaves sur son territoire ?
Le réseau des Asclépiéia dans la Grèce classique : médecine d’Asclépios et médecine des Asclépiades
Authors: Jouanna Jacques
Published: March 2024

Within the framework of the modern institution «International Network of the ancient Asclepieia » (ΔΙΕΘΝΕΣ ΔΙΚΤϒΟ ΑΡΧΑΙΩΝ ΑΣΚΛΗ-ΠΙΕΙΩΝ), this communication gives a global vision on what corresponds in Antiquity to the modern conception of network of the ancient sanctuaries of Asclepius, always starting from the primary literary or epigraphic documents, some of which are little known. The first part shows what is typical of the destiny of Asclepios, a prince of Tricca who became finally a healing deity and had many descendants, called the Asclepiads. The central part strives to establish genealogical stemmas between the main Asclepieia in classical Greece. The third part tries to pose the problems on the complex relations, having evolved in time, between religious medicine of the sanctuaries of Asclepius and rational medicine of the great families of physicians resulting from his two sons, Machaon and Podaleiros.
Simplicius et la rotation des astres : histoire d’une scolie du Petit Commentaire de Théon d’Alexandrie
Authors: Defaux Olivier
Published: March 2024

Theon of Alexandria’s Little Commentary to Ptolemy’s Handy Tables, written in the 4th century, was a very successful astronomical treatise during Late Antiquity and the whole Byzantine era, as one can see from the numerous scholia from different periods found in the Greek manuscripts from the 14th to the 16th century. One of these scholia has a very original history : it is a reshaped excerpt from Simplicius’ commentary to Aristotle’s De caelo, in which the author mentions Ptolemy’s “ tables” and deals with the question of the rotation of celestial bodies. Relying on the main manuscript witnesses, this scholion is here edited for the first time. Moreover, its complete textual history will be considered, from its redaction by Simplicius and its transfer to the margins of Theon’s commentary – which may have been an initiative of Stephanus of Alexandria (6th c.) – until the different textual versions found in the Greek astronomical manuscripts until the Renaissance.
Le γλεῦκος dans tous ses états. Le moût, le « vin doux », le vin nouveau et la maîtrise du processus fermentaire dans le monde égéen de l’époque classique à l’époque byzantine
Authors: Boulay Thibaut
Published: March 2024

This article explores the winemaking practices of the Greeks in the Aegean world, from classical times to late antiquity, reading the ancient sources in the light of the latest progress in oenology. Following the process of wine-making from the harvest and its crushing to the moment of the opening of the amphoras and the consumption of wine, it shows that the winemakers used a variety of efficient techniques to supervise fermentation. Resulting from overripe harvests, the must, aged in an oxidative atmosphere, could, if necessary, receive plant or mineral inputs in different forms to correct its sugar content and acidity. These additions also had an antibacterial and antifungal action contributing, like tanning and salting, to the stability of the must. Thermoregulation permitted a long term consumption of unfermented must, especially within the context of

γλυκισμοί.
Le titre de « Roi des rois » chez les Arsacides : un exemple de « revival achéménide » à l’époque hellénistique ?
Authors: Lerouge Charlotte
Published: March 2024

On affirme souvent que les Arsacides, dynastie iranienne qui à partir de la seconde moitié du IIe s. av. J.-C. fut à la tête d’un immense empire dont la limite occidentale était constituée par l’Euphrate, mirent en avant les liens qu’ils entretenaient avec les Achéménides et cherchèrent à apparaître comme les héritiers de ces derniers. L’un des signes les plus tangibles de cette identification serait, sous le règne de Mithridate II d’abord, l’adoption du titre de «Roi des Rois » au sein de la titulature royale. Cette interprétation de la résurgence d’un vieux titre achéménide n’est pourtant pas aussi assurée qu’il y paraît ; contrairement à ce qu’on imagine souvent, on ne saurait affirmer en effet que dans l’Antiquité, le titre de «Roi des Rois » apparaissait comme le plus emblématique de ceux qu’avaient portés les rois perses et évoquait immédiatement leur souvenir. Il semble bien plutôt que ce soit les Arsacides qui, en l’adoptant, aient fait de ce titre le titre iranien par excellence.
Preparation and characterization of gel extracted from Aloe vera leaves
Authors: Le Thi Thu Thao , Ho Hoang Nhan , Le Thi Thanh Ngoc
Published: March 2024

Background: Aloe vera (A. vera) leaf gel has been utilized recently to increase intestinal absorption and drug bioavailability, notably transdermal penetration. Thus, this work developed a production procedure and assessed the physico-chemical characteristics of A. vera leaf gel.

Materials and methods: A. vera leaves were collected from Hue city, Thua Thien Hue province. A. vera gel was centrifuged and tested for polysaccharide using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), purity using UV-Vis spectroscopy, pH, viscosity, refractive index, and fiber content.

Results: A. vera gel preparation involves receiving raw materials, cleaning leaves, cutting, filleting, extracting gel, and refining raw gel. The liquid-state, translucent, viscous gel had a pH of 4.68 ± 0.10, a viscosity of 0.854 ± 0.010 (St), a refractive index of 1.335 ± 0.001, an optical density of 0.064 ± 0.000, and a fiber content of 0.014 ± 0.001 (g). Gel containing polysaccharide components were determined by FT-IR spectroscopy.

Conclusion: The gel isolated from A. vera leaves was effectively prepared and tested for its physico-chemical characteristics.

Key words: Aloe vera, gel, physico-chemical properties.
Progress in Procalcitonin Detection Based on Immunoassay
Authors: Huang Jiayue , Zu Yan , Zhang Lexiang , Cui Wenguo
Published: March 2024

Procalcitonin (PCT) serves as a crucial biomarker utilized in diverse clinical contexts, including sepsis diagnosis and emergency departments. Its applications extend to identifying pathogens, assessing infection severity, guiding drug administration, and implementing theranostic strategies. However, current clinical deployed methods cannot meet the needs for accurate or real-time quantitative monitoring of PCT. This review aims to introduce these emerging PCT immunoassay technologies, focusing on analyzing their advantages in improving detection performances, such as easy operation and high precision. The fundamental principles and characteristics of state-of-the-art methods are first introduced, including chemiluminescence, immunofluorescence, latex-enhanced turbidity, enzyme-linked immunosorbent, colloidal gold immunochromatography, and radioimmunoassay. Then, improved methods using new materials and new technologies are briefly described, for instance, the combination with responsive nanomaterials, Raman spectroscopy, and digital microfluidics. Finally, the detection performance parameters of these methods and the clinical importance of PCT detection are also discussed.
EDUCAÇÃO FINANCEIRA E A PRESENÇA DOS PILARES DO PENSAMENTO COMPUTACIONAL EM ATIVIDADES PLUGADAS: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA DE LITERATURA
Authors: Cenci Danuza , Kist Milton
Published: March 2024

Neste artigo apresentamos uma revisão sistemática de teses e dissertações contidas no banco de dados da Capes visando encontrar e avaliar atividades realizadas em sala de aula com estudantes da Educação Básica, explorando conceitos de Educação Financeira que utilizaram ferramentas digitais para auxiliar no processo de ensino e de aprendizagem. A avaliação buscou identificar a presença dos pilares do Pensamento Computacional nas atividades e quais foram desenvolvidos pelos estudantes durante a resolução. A pesquisa realizada em setembro de 2022, no banco de dados da Capes identificou trinta e três trabalhos que passaram pelo protocolo inicial da revisão sistemática resultando em seis trabalhos para leitura na íntegra. Desses seis trabalhos, quatro foram selecionados para análise por conterem o objeto de interesse dessa pesquisa e neles constatou-se que os pilares, os quais se baseia o Pensamento Computacional:     Decomposição, Reconhecimento de Padrões, Abstração e Algoritmo, estiveram presentes e contribuíram para o fortalecimento e compreensão de conceitos de Educação Financeira.
Palavras-chave: Pensamento Computacional. Educação Financeira. Educação Básica. Tecnologias Digitais.
SOBRE O PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ENSINO DE MATEMÁTICA (PEMAT) DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO DE JANEIRO (UFRJ): UMA NARRATIVA DA CRIAÇÃO DOS CURSOS DE MESTRADO E DOUTORADO
Authors: Ramos de Souza Rodrigo , Da Conceição Esquincalha Agnaldo
Published: March 2024

Essa pesquisa tem por objetivo historicizar a trajetória do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ensino de Matemática (PEMAT) da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) em seus primeiros 15 anos de existência, a partir da análise do processo de implantação e consolidação dos cursos de mestrado e doutorado acadêmicos. Por meio de uma abordagem qualitativa, propomos uma pesquisa exploratória e documental, recorrendo a fontes documentais relativas ao programa de pós-graduação. Após análise documental, narramos a trajetória do PEMAT acerca das origens, do desenvolvimento e dos desafios para o futuro do programa. O PEMAT construiu sua trajetória calcada no pioneirismo da implantação de seus cursos de mestrado e doutorado acadêmicos. O Doutorado em Ensino e História da Matemática e da Física ainda recebe a qualificação de único curso de doutorado do campo de pesquisa de Ensino de Matemática no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Possui um corpo docente com formação multidisciplinar e que engloba pesquisadores renomados no cenário nacional e internacional. Egressos do PEMAT já assumem diversos cargos em respeitáveis instituições de ensino. Como aspectos desafiadores para o futuro do programa elencamos a concentração de publicações por parte de poucos professores e baixa publicações de discentes e egressos.
Palavras-chave: PEMAT; UFRJ; História do programa de pós-graduação.
A DYNAMIC VIEW OF SOME GEOMETRIC LOCI VIA GEOGEBRA
Authors: Nos Rudimar , Sano Mari , Mazotti Rodrigues da Silva Victoria
Published: March 2024

We present in this work dynamic experiences that explore interesting geometric loci,such as Miquel points, Fermat points, Nagel points, and Gergonne points. In thesedynamic approaches, accessible through external links to pages on the GeoGebra platform,readers can change parameters through sliders and observe, as the parametersvary, whether the introduced changes satisfy the hypotheses that define the geometricloci. Additionally, we utilize GeoGebra to create two-dimensional geometric figures.In addition to providing definitions, we offer proofs of the theorems that establish theuniqueness of the covered geometric loci. Some of the proofs introduced in this workinvolve the concept of isotomic cevians, which needs more coverage in the existing literature.In summary, GeoGebra is an invaluable tool for constructing dynamic approachesto explore geometric loci. It empowers students to test hypotheses both before andafter formal demonstrations. One concludes that GeoGebra is a versatile software thatcan be effectively integrated into geometry education at all levels.
Keywords: Isotomic cevians, Miquel’s point, Fermat’s points, Gergonne’s point, Nagel’spoint.
Mobile Adhoc Networks and Networking – Integrating Risk Profiles into Intrusion Prevention Systems to Improve Predictive Intrusion Prevention
Authors: Jedidiah Aqui , Michael Hosein
Published: March 2024

Intrusion Prevention in computer networking refers to the set of techniques and technologies used to detect and prevent unauthorized access, malicious activities, and attacks on a network. It involves actively monitoring network traffic, identifying potential threats or anomalies, and taking action to mitigate or block those threats. In the realms of Mobile Adhoc Networks and general computer networking, substantial work has pointed to the gaps experienced with respect to proactively identifying and mitigating risks and network malicious behaviours and attacks. Further research was conducted to establish the current state of contemporary intrusion detection, prediction and prevention techniques and their effectiveness to pro-actively identify and mitigate network attacks and malicious activity. However, it was found that the techniques utilized were very few or required futher accuracy improvements and for the identified effective techniques, they required substantial amount of data processing power and a robust network architecture to support its implementation. The work of this paper, introduces the integration of the MANET Risk Scoring methodology based on Axiom theory into the realm of general networking. All in an effort to increase the efficiency and accuracy of existing predictive intrusion prevention systems such as next generation Firewalls in corporate networks.
Exploring Postmodern Aspects in Orhan Pamuk’s Snow and Manju Kapur’s Difficult Daughters
Authors: Paul Thomas Raj V , Bobby Rajakanthi J
Published: March 2024

This comparative study delves into the postmodern elements embedded within Orhan Pamuk’s ‘Snow’ and Manju Kapur’s ‘Difficult Daughters’. By employing a comparative framework, this analysis aims to elucidate the divergent and convergent manifestations of postmodernism in these literary works. Through a thematic exploration and stylistic examination, the study dissects the narrative techniques, metafictional devices, cultural contexts, and socio-political underpinnings prevalent in both novels. By scrutinizing the distinct approaches of Pamuk and Kapur towards postmodern storytelling, this research endeavors to offer nuanced insights into how these celebrated authors engage with and reinterpret postmodernism within their respective cultural landscapes.
Different Aspects of Evaluating the Speaking Skill in Secondary Classroom
Authors: Rój Anna
Published: March 2024

The article presents how to deal with evaluation the speaking skill on the basis of the research which the author conducted. This articles show that many aspects of this skill cannot be seen or rated and, as the result, it is difficult to assess them. The goal is to compare and contrast students’ and teachers’ attitude to evaluation the speaking skill and how they can work with one another. This article will be a kind of help for all those who consider assessment of the oral competence in speaking English a hard and unrewarding task.
Selbst erfahren, selbst entscheiden und miteinander gestalten, um Lernen neu zu denken. Partizipation, Demokratiebildung und Professionalisierung aus der Perspektive von Studium, Hochschule und Berufsfeld
Authors: Müller-Naendrup Barbara , Schmude Corinna , Theisselmann Olga
Published: March 2024

Partizipation, Demokratie und Professionalisierung gelten als tragende Prinzipien von (Hochschul)lernwerkstätten. Hinter dieser Kennzeichnung verbergen sich nicht nur konzeptionelle Ansprüche an die gestalteten und begleiteten Lern- und Arbeitssituationen dieser Lernorte, sondern gleichsam auch die Verpflichtung und Herausforderung aller Akteur:innen in Lernwerkstatt-Settings die Qualität, Rahmenbedingungen und Prozessverläufe immer wieder zu prüfen und zu hinterfragen. Dabei lässt sich vermuten, dass dieser kritische Blick auf das Selbstverständnis und den Alltag von (Hochschul)lernwerkstätten durch die Einbeziehung von standortspezifischen Perspektiven und unterschiedlichen institutionelle Kontexten bereichert und geschärft werden kann. Der Beitrag basiert auf einer angestoßenen Diskussion im Rahmen des im Titel benannten Praxisforums und veranschaulicht grundlegende Überlegungen durch exemplarische Beschreibungen verschiedener Szenarien an drei Lernwerkstatt-Standorten. (DIPF/Orig.)
Beteiligt werden – Sich beteiligen. Zugangswege und Voraussetzungen für Partizipation in Hochschullernwerkstätten
Authors: Baar Robert
Published: March 2024

Partizipation als essentieller Bestandteil und normativer Wert einer demokratischen Gesellschaft ist voraussetzungsvoll: Mitsprache, Mitwirkung, Mitbestimmung und selbstverantwortliches Handeln sind gebunden an äußere Strukturen, die Teilnahme und Teilhabe ermöglichen, oder aber diese be-, wenn nicht sogar verhindern. Sie sind aber auch von der Einzelperson, ihrem Willen und Wollen, den ihr zur Verfügung stehenden personalen wie sozialen Ressourcen sowie der subjektiven Interpretation der vorgefundenen äußeren Bedingungen abhängig. Auf Grundlage einer qualitativen Studie geht der vorliegende Beitrag der Frage nach, welche Zugangswege und Voraussetzungen existieren, die Studierenden die Partizipation in Hochschullernwerkstätten ermöglichen. Es zeigt sich, dass Raum, Materialien und Personen gleichermaßen Zugangswege zu partizipativem Handeln eröffnen, es aber auch bestimmter Persönlichkeitsmerkmale sowie eines bestimmten organisatorischen Rahmens bedarf, damit diese beschritten werden. (DIPF/Orig.)
Isu Kontemporer Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Authors: Kamila Farichatul , Aisa Firda , Susilawati Sinta Ayu , Abu Bakar M. Yunus
Published: March 2024

The purpose of Arabic language learning in elementary Islamic schools has not yet achieved the intended goals, which include the four language skills: speaking, reading, listening, and writing. Based on the results of a field survey at Wahid Hasyim Elementary Islamic School in Yogyakarta, the purpose of Arabic language learning only prioritizes two skills, namely speaking and listening, where students are required to communicate using Arabic. However, the other two skills are addressed. According to the author, the Arabic language material in elementary Islamic schools is not ideal because many materials are taught in a sequence of straightforward, complex, moderate, challenging, and accessible, complicating students' receiving the prepared material. In contrast, the material should ideally start from easy, medium, and then hard to facilitate students' learning. In Arabic language learning in elementary Islamic schools, the "nadzariyatul wahdah" (all-in-one system) approach is ideal, where Arabic is taught from various skill aspects without separating the language.
Pada dasarnya tujuan pembelajaran bahasa arab di madrasah ibtidaiyah belum mencapai tujuan yang diharapkan meliputi 4 kemahiran berbahasa yaitu kalam, qira’ah, istima’, dan kitabah. Berdasarkan hasil survey lapangan di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Wahid Hasyim Yogyakarta tujuan bahasa arab hanya memprioritaskan 2 kemahiran saja yaitu kalam dan istima dimana siswa dituntut untuk dapat berkomunikasi menggunakan bahasa arab, meskipun 2 kemahiran lainnya tidak diabaikan.Materi bahasa arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah menurut penulis belum ideal karena banyak materi yang diajarkan berawal dari mudah- sukar- sedang- sukar- mudah yang menyulikan peserta didik dalam menerima materi yang diajarkan, sedangkan idealnya materi itu berawal dari mudah- sedang- lalu sukar agar memudahkan peserta didik dalam menerima pelajaran.Pada pembelajaran bahasa arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah idealnya menggunakan nadzariyatul wahdah (all in one system) yang mana bahasa arab diajarkan dari berbagai aspek kemahiran tanpa memisah- misahkan bahasa tersebut.
Dual integration design of approximate random weight generator and computation-in-memory for event-based neuromorphic computing
Authors: Misawa Naoko , Koshino Shunsuke , Liu Ruhui , Matsui Chihiro , Takeuchi Ken
Published: March 2024

This paper comprehensively analyses dual integration of approximate random weight generator (ARWG) and computation-in-memory for event-based neuromorphic computing. ARWG can generate approximate random weights and perform multiply-accumulate (MAC) operation for reservoir computing (RC) and random weight spiking neural network (SNN). Because of using device variation to generate random weights, ARWG does not require any random number generators (RNGs). Because RC and random weight SNN allow approximate randomness, ARWG only needs to generate approximate random weights, which does not require error-correcting code to correct weights to make the randomness accurate. Moreover, ARWG has a read port for MAC operation. In this paper, the randomness of random weights generated by the proposed ARWG is evaluated by Hamming distance and Hamming weight. As a result, this paper reveals that the randomness required for ARWG is much lower than that for physically unclonable functions and RNGs, and thus the proposed ARWG achieves high recognition accuracy.
Investigation of vacancy-type defects in diamond-like carbon films using slow positron beam
Authors: Kanda Kazuhiro , Mishima Tomohiro , Akasaka Hiroki , Hori Fuminobu , Yabuuchi Atsushi , Kinomura Atsushi
Published: March 2024

Positron annihilation spectroscopy was used to investigate vacancy-type defects in diamond-like carbon (DLC) films. From Doppler broadening measurements of the γ-rays produced by annihilation and positron annihilation lifetime (PAL) using a slow positron beam on DLC films deposited by various deposition methods and conditions, it was found that there is a good correlation between the S parameter obtained by Doppler broadening and PAL. The result of PAL correlates well with film density and hardness, indicating that PAL measurements can be used as an indicator of these film properties. The hydrogen content in the DLC film was roughly proportional to the PAL. However, there were also cases in which PAL differed greatly even with almost the same hydrogen content, and the sp
2/(sp
2+sp
3) ratio of carbon in DLC films has no direct relationship with PAL.
Effectiveness of Green Mussel Shells as a Natural Coagulant for Domestic Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Sari Ernita , Ferizqo Ferdian Akhmad , Adam Deddy
Published: March 2024

Coagulation is one of the wastewater treatment processes. Aluminum sulfate is usually used as a chemical coagulant. On the other way, the use of alum can cause a new problem that was the inorganic residues produced are carcinogenic and can harm the environment and human health. Then people try to use natural materials such as chitosan as the coagulant. Chitosan can be produced from the skin of marine animals such as green mussels. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of natural coagulant green mussel shells. The research method was an experimental study by testing the effectiveness of green mussel shells as a natural coagulant with one group post design. This research used small dose of chitosan that is 0,15 g/l until 0,4 g/l to know which one is the most effective to reduce turbidity and suspended solid. The sample in this study was domestic wastewater. The parameters were total suspended solids (TSS) and turbidity. The data were analyzed by the ANOVA test. The result showed that both TSS and turbidity were decreased by about 100% (14 mg/l to 0,65 mg/l) for optimum decreasing of TSS parameter and 73% (2.38 NTU to 0 NTU) for turbidity parameters. The optimal dose of natural coagulant green mussel shells for domestic wastewater was 0,4 g/l. The ANOVA test showed that there was an effect of green mussel shells coagulant dose on TSS and turbidity level (p-value = 0,000). The potential of using these green mussel shells as a coagulant is indeed very high. However, it takes a combination with other natural ingredients to make an effective and safe coagulant.
Implementation of Gyro Accelerometer Sensor for Measuring Respiration Based on Inhale And Delphi Based Exhale
Authors: Utama Egan Graha , Triwiyanto Triwiyanto , Rahmawati Triana , Abdullayev Vugar , Abdulhamid Mohanad
Published: March 2024

Gyro accelerometer sensor which is a sensor that can detect changes in position and speed. Many studies use the gyro accelerometer sensor as a sensor in respiration. This study aims to examine and analyze changes in the position of inhale and exhale in 3 positions of the gyro accelerometer sensor which is placed on the abdomen and chest to determine the value of respiration. This study displays 3 signals and respiration values detected by the gyro accelerometer sensor and then displayed using Delphi. The independent variable in this study is the value of respiration, while the dependent variable is the output of the gyro accelerometer sensor. The biggest error value from the module measurement is when the sensor position 2 is sitting with an error value of 1.11%. While the error value is greatest when the sensor position 3 is in a sleep state with an error value of 3.66%. The conclusion from these results is that the module has a relative error (error value) that is still within the allowable tolerance limit, which is ±5%. This study also shows the effect of the gyro accelerometer sensor output value on the placement of the 3 sensor positions placed on the abdomen and chest. This study has limitations, namely when the respondent moves or walks in a place where there is still noise and the signal on the Delphi display is lost.
Development IoT-based Infant Monitoring System for Preventing Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) with Abnormal Condition Notifications and Lost Data Analysis
Authors: Ananta Erick Dwi , Syaifudin Syaifudin , Soetjiatie Liliek Dwi , Utomo Bedjo
Published: March 2024

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is a devastating phenomenon where an otherwise healthy baby under the age of one inexplicably passes away without any apparent symptoms. It can be triggered by a variety of factors, including the baby's sleeping position and the infant's physiological state, which may not have reached a certain stage of development. Efficient monitoring of vital parameters such as body temperature and heart rate is crucial for assessing and safeguarding the baby's health. Additionally, such monitoring can help prevent febrile seizures that may lead to epilepsy. To address this critical need, a real-time monitoring tool capable of continuously tracking body temperature and heart rate with precision is required. This research aims to develop a novel system for real-time monitoring of vital parameters, specifically Respiration Rate, utilizing Piezo Electric sensors, and heart rate monitoring using the MAX30100 sensor. The proposed method involves designing a respiration and heart rate monitoring device that integrates piezoelectric sensors and ESP32 for data processing and communication. By employing these sensors and technology, we can accurately measure and track a baby's respiration rate and heart rate, facilitating early detection of potential abnormalities. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the monitoring tool, with a maximum difference value of 28.74% when compared to existing reference tools and a minimum difference of 0.00%. This highlights the reliability and accuracy of the proposed system. Furthermore, the study offers recommendations on optimal sensor placement to enhance the tool's efficacy, ensuring precise and consistent data acquisition. The proposed monitoring system goes beyond traditional methods by providing remote access to the gathered data. Doctors and healthcare professionals can access the output results through a dedicated website, enabling seamless collaboration and timely medical interventions when required. Moreover, the system incorporates telegram notifications to alert healthcare providers in case of abnormal conditions, further reducing the risk of SIDS and associated complications. In conclusion, this research presents a valuable contribution towards preventing Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) by developing an efficient, real-time monitoring tool for assessing vital parameters in infants. By integrating Piezo Electric sensors and the MAX30100 sensor with ESP32, the system offers accurate measurements and seamless data accessibility to healthcare professionals. The potential of this tool to save lives and protect infants from the risks of SIDS makes it a critical advancement in infant healthcare. Further improvements and wider adoption of this technology can significantly enhance infant mortality rates globally
Measuring Instruments For Oxygen Concentration, Flow, Temperature, and Humidity In CPAP Equipped With Microcontroller Based External Data Storage
Authors: Wafa Muhammad Ali , Putra Moch. Prastawa Assalim Tetra , Wakidi Levana Forra , Misra Shubhrojit
Published: March 2024

The recommended approach for addressing sleep apnea in infants involves the utilization of CPAP therapy. A pivotal component of CPAP therapy is the inclusion of a humidifier, which serves to counteract potential hazards by introducing humidified air. The purpose of this study was centered on developing a compact, portable model to assess temperature and humidity parameters in CPAP humidifiers. The method utilized was the pre-experimental One Group Post Test Design. The contribution of this research lies in its ability to measure temperature and humidity in the CPAP humidifier using the SHT30 sensor. The sensor readings were processed using the Arduino Mega 2560 Pro Mini microcontroller. The measurement data was presented on a 20x4 LCD screen and had the capability to be stored using an SD Card, alongside the inclusion of a buzzer indicator on the tool. The results demonstrated that the highest error value for the temperature parameter was 1.8%, while the lowest was 0.49%. The expected conclusion is that these findings can be implemented effectively to assist operators in recording, measuring, and monitoring temperature and humidity in CPAP humidifiers and to facilitate monitoring of sleep apnea treatment procedures.
A Systematic Review of Research to Determine Toxicity of Involuntary Tobacco Smoking as Compared to First Hand Smoking and if Chronic Involuntary Tobacco Smoking during Childhood Causes Skeletal Diseases Later in Life
Authors: Bobzien Michael J
Published: March 2024

A child will breath up to 3 times the volume per body weight compared to an adult.  A child’s organs and immune system are not fully developed to offer protection from airborne and residual toxins compared to an adult.  A child is unable to control their environment or escape their home environment, an adult can change jobs or leave a toxic  environment.  Thus, children are the most susceptible to the effects of toxins in their environment.  Tobacco Smoke exposure is the greatest toxic exposure risk a child faces in a home environment.  Tobacco Smoke exposure starts in the womb when the embryo embeds in the mother’s uterus and connects to their mother’s blood flow.  Tobacco smoke contains many osteotoxic, nephrotoxic, cytotoxic, and genotoxic chemicals that significantly alter genetic material in the developing fetus and child, which has long-term health effects leading to poor bone health and skeletal diseases later in life.  Three of the many thousands of toxins in tobacco smoke which are most osteotoxic, nephrotoxic, cytotoxic, and genotoxic are lead, cadmium, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Monitoring SpO2, BPM, and Temperature on Smartband with Data Sending Using IoT Android Display
Authors: Mahardika Melva , Irianto Bambang Guruh , Wisana I Dewa Gede Hari , Triwiyanto Triwiyanto , Rathod Yagnik
Published: March 2024

No matter if a patient is receiving care at home or in a hospital, monitoring them is an essential part of healthcare. Currently, many hospitals use a manual method to measure body temperature, oxygen saturation, and heart rate, necessitating physical visits from nurses to patients' rooms to get data. This approach, however, turns out to be less effective and time-consuming. This research aims to develop a wearable device placed on a patient's wrist is the main goal of this project. Body temperature, oxygen saturation, and heart rate are the three vital sign metrics that this gadget will be able to continuously monitor in real-time. Additionally, Ubidots integration will enable the device to deliver notifications based on the data gathered.The contribution of this research is the development of IoT-based wearable devices for remote monitoring, which aims to improve the quality of health service monitoring. The tool is expected to facilitate remote monitoring for medical personnel and patient families. This research method uses MAX30100 as digital sensors to monitor heart rate, oxygen saturation and MLX90614 as a sensor to detect body temperature. The results of this research can display data on the Ubidots application and send notifications to email. The results showed that the SpO2 sensor had the lowest error rate of 0.2% and the highest mistake rate of 1.6%. The error rates displayed by the BPM sensor varied, with the lowest being 0.6% and the largest being 5.68%. For body temperature measurements, the minimum error rate recorded is 0.002%, while the maximum error rate is 0.016%. This research shows that it is time to develop further into a sophisticated health monitoring tool to improve the quality of health services.
Bream in the rivers of the Oka Basin
Authors: Bykov A. D.
Published: March 2024

Bream in the river systems of the Oka basin is widespread, including tributaries of the third order. This representative of cyprinid fish is numerous mainly in the most full-flowing rivers with a length of more than 500 km. The age composition of bream from net catches in the Oka over a long period of observations did not exceed 14 age groups, and fish older than 12+ were not recorded in the Klyazma and Moscow rivers. The growth of bream in the Oka, Klyazma, and Moscow rivers does not differ significantly on average, due to seasonal bream migrations and similar feeding conditions. The main factor influencing the decrease in the number of bream in the Oka and Klyazma is a long period of low spring floods, which prevents flooding of the high river floodplain and sharply reduces the efficiency of its spawning, especially in the upper reaches of the Oka and Klyazma rivers. An adaptive feature of the reproductive biology of bream in the upper reaches of these rivers is the extended spawning migration of mature fish upstream, where the ripal vegetation in riverbeds serves as a spawning substrate for it. Bream in the rivers of the Oka basin is currently a secondary object of amateur fishing and one of the main species in poaching catches.