bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sex and grooming as exchange commodities in female bonobos’ daily biological market
Authors: Anzà Simone , Demuru Elisa , Palagi Elisabetta
Published: September 2021

The Biological Market Theory (BMT) posits that cooperation between non-human animals can be seen as a mutually beneficial exchange of commodities similarly to what observed in human economic markets. Positive social interactions are commodities in non-human animals, and mutual exchanges fulfilling the criteria of the BMT have been shown in several species. However, the study of biological markets suffers from methodological limitations that are mainly linked to the difficulty of clearly identifying the currencies and their exchanges in the short-term. Here, we test whether bonobo females are more attractive during their maximum swelling phase, whether they exchange grooming and Genito-Genital Rubbing (GGR) on a daily level of analysis, and whether these daily exchanges fulfil the BMT criteria. Females engaged more in GGR when their sexual swelling was in the maximum phase. Moreover, they exchanged grooming and sex according to the daily “market fluctuations” associated with swelling status. Females in the minimum phase (low-value) increased their probability to engage in GGR with females in the maximum phase (high-value) by grooming them preferentially. In line with the supply/demand law, the female grooming strategy varied depending on the daily number of swollen females present: the higher the number of swollen females, the lower the individual grooming preference. As a whole, our study confirms BMT as a valid model to explain daily commodity exchanges as a function of the temporary value of traders, and underlines the importance of a day-by-day approach to unveil the presence of a biological market when the value of traders frequently changes.
Using ex vivo culture to assess dynamic phenotype changes in human prostate macrophages following exposure to therapeutic drugs
Authors: Boibessot Clovis , Joncas France-Hélène , Park Aerin , Berrehail Zohra , Pelletier Jean-François , Gris Typhaine , Bergeron Alain , Toren Paul
Published: September 2021

Within the prostate tumor microenvironment (TME) there are complex multi-faceted and dynamic communication occurring between cancer cells and immune cells. Macrophages are key cells which infiltrate and surround tumor cells and are recognized to significantly contribute to tumor resistance and metastases. Our understanding of their function in the TME is commonly based on in vitro and in vivo models, with limited research to confirm these model observations in human prostates. Macrophage infiltration was evaluated within the TME of human prostates after 72 h culture of fresh biopsies samples in the presence of control or enzalutamide. In addition to immunohistochemistry, an optimized protocol for multi-parametric evaluation of cellular surface markers was developed using flow cytometry. Flow cytometry parameters were compared to clinicopathological features. Immunohistochemistry staining for 19 patients with paired samples suggested enzalutamide increased the expression of CD163 relative to CD68 staining. Techniques to validate these results using flow cytometry of dissociated biopsies after 72 h of culture are described. In a second cohort of patients with Gleason grade group ≥ 3 prostate cancer, global macrophage expression of CD163 was unchanged with enzalutamide treatment. However, exploratory analyses of our results using multi-parametric flow cytometry for multiple immunosuppressive macrophage markers suggest subgroup changes as well as novel associations between circulating biomarkers like the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and immune cell phenotype composition in the prostate TME. Further, we observed an association between B7–H3 expressing tumor-associated macrophages and the presence of intraductal carcinoma. The use of flow cytometry to evaluate ex vivo cultured prostate biopsies fills an important gap in our ability to understand the immune cell composition of the prostate TME. Our results highlight novel associations for further investigation.
Enhanced proliferation of rabbit chondrocytes by using a well circulated nanoshock system
Authors: Nanda Sitansu Sekhar , Wang Tuntun , Yoon Hong Yeol , An Seong Soo A. , Hembram K. P. S. S. , Kim Kwangmeyung , Yi Dong Kee
Published: September 2021

The gold nanorods (GNRs) embedded alginate-chitosan (scaffold), which was designed and fabricated to produce efficient handling of the cell proliferations. Scaffold embedded GNR (SGNR) and NIR (near infrared) irradiations are developing into an interesting medical prognosis tool for rabbit chondrocyte (RC) proliferation. SGNR contained a pattern of uniform pores. Biocompatibility and cellular proliferation achieved by disclosures to NIR irradiations, providing high cell survival. SGNR and NIR irradiations could produce mechanical and biochemical cues for regulating RCs proliferations. To determine the thermal stress, it exposed RCs to 39–42 °C for 0–240 min at the start point of the cell culture cycle. It produced photothermal stress in cellular surrounding (cells located adjacent to and within scaffold) and it deals with the proliferation behavior of RC. All the processes were modeled with experimental criteria and time evolution process. Our system could help the cell proliferation by generating heat for cells. Hence, the present strategy could be implemented for supporting cell therapeutics after transplantation. This implementation would open new design techniques for integrating the interfaces between NIR irradiated and non-irradiated tissues.
Hydrogenation treatment under several gigapascals assists diffusionless transformation in a face-centered cubic steel
Authors: Koyama Motomichi , Saitoh Hiroyuki , Sato Toyoto , Orimo Shin-ichi , Akiyama Eiji
Published: September 2021

The use of hydrogen in iron and steel has the potential to improve mechanical properties via altering the phase stability and dislocation behavior. When hydrogen is introduced under several gigapascals, a stoichiometric composition of hydrogen can be introduced for steel compositions. In this study, a face-centered cubic (fcc) stainless steel was hydrogenated under several gigapascals. When the steel was not hydrogenated, the microstructure after depressurization was an fcc with a hexagonal close-packed (hcp) structure. In contrast, the hydrogenation treatment resulted in a fine lath body-centered cubic (bcc) structure arising from diffusionless transformation. In particular, the bcc phase formed through the following transformation sequence: fcc → hcp → dhcp (double hexagonal close-packed phase) → bcc. That is, the use of hydrogenation treatment realized fine microstructure evolution through a new type of diffusionless transformation sequence, which is expected to be used in future alloy design strategies for developing high-strength steels.
Tanshinone IIA affects the malignant growth of Cholangiocarcinoma cells by inhibiting the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway
Authors: Liu Huayuan , Liu Caiyun , Wang Mengya , Sun Dongxu , Zhu Pengcheng , Zhang Ping , Tan Xueying , Shi Guangjun
Published: September 2021

In the present study, we aimed to find the target of Tanshinone IIA (Tan-IIA) in Cholangiocarcinoma by network pharmacology-based prediction and investigate the possible mechanism through experimental verification. In this study, we combined Tan-IIA-specific and Cholangiocarcinoma-specific targets with protein–protein interactions (PPI) to construct a Tan-IIA targets-Cholangiocarcinoma network, and network pharmacology approach was applied to identify potential targets and mechanisms of Tan-IIA in the treatment of Cholangiocarcinoma. The anti-cancer effects of Tan-IIA were investigated by using subcutaneous tumorigenic model in nude mice and in the human Cholangiocarcinoma cell lines in vitro. Our results showed that Tan-IIA treatment considerably suppressed the proliferation and migration of Cholangiocarcinoma cells while inducing apoptosis of Cholangiocarcinoma cells. Western blot results demonstrated that the expression of PI3K, p-Akt, p-mTOR, and mTOR were inhibited by Tan-IIA. Meanwhile, After treatment with Tan-IIA, the level of Bcl2 was downregulated and cleaved caspase-3 expression increased. Further studies revealed that the anticancer effects of Tan-IIA were severely mitigated by pretreatment with a PI3K agonist. Our research provides a new anticancer strategy and strengthens support for the use of Tan-IIA as an anticancer drug for the treatment of CCA.
Vacuolar-type proton ATPase is required for maintenance of apicobasal polarity of embryonic visceral endoderm
Authors: Sun-Wada Ge-Hong , Tabata Hiroyuki , Wada Yoh
Published: September 2021

The endocytic compartments keep their interior acidic through the inward flow of protons and anions from the cytosol. Acidification is mediated by a proton pump known as vacuolar-type ATPase (V-ATPase) and transporters conferring anion conductance to the organellar membrane. In this study, we analysed the phenotype of mouse embryos lacking the V-ATPase c-subunit. The mutant embryos differentiated embryonic epithelial tissues, primitive endoderm, epiblast, and extraembryonic ectoderm; however, the organisation of these epithelia was severely affected. The apical-basal polarity in the visceral endoderm layer was not properly established in the mutant embryos, resulting in abnormal epithelial morphology. Thus, the function of V-ATPase is imperative for the establishment and/or maintenance of epithelial cell polarity, which is required for early embryogenesis.
SALM4 negatively regulates NMDA receptor function and fear memory consolidation
Authors: Lie Eunkyung , Yeo Yeji , Lee Eun-Jae , Shin Wangyong , Kim Kyungdeok , Han Kyung Ah , Yang Esther , Choi Tae-Yong , Bae Mihyun , Lee Suho , Um Seung Min , Choi Se-Young , Kim Hyun , Ko Jaewon , Kim Eunjoon
Published: September 2021

Many synaptic adhesion molecules positively regulate synapse development and function, but relatively little is known about negative regulation. SALM4/Lrfn3 (synaptic adhesion-like molecule 4/leucine rich repeat and fibronectin type III domain containing 3) inhibits synapse development by suppressing other SALM family proteins, but whether SALM4 also inhibits synaptic function and specific behaviors remains unclear. Here we show that SALM4-knockout (Lrfn3−/−) male mice display enhanced contextual fear memory consolidation (7-day post-training) but not acquisition or 1-day retention, and exhibit normal cued fear, spatial, and object-recognition memory. The Lrfn3−/− hippocampus show increased currents of GluN2B-containing N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors (GluN2B-NMDARs), but not α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) receptors (AMPARs), which requires the presynaptic receptor tyrosine phosphatase PTPσ. Chronic treatment of Lrfn3−/− mice with fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor used to treat excessive fear memory that directly inhibits GluN2B-NMDARs, normalizes NMDAR function and contextual fear memory consolidation in Lrfn3−/− mice, although the GluN2B-specific NMDAR antagonist ifenprodil was not sufficient to reverse the enhanced fear memory consolidation. These results suggest that SALM4 suppresses excessive GluN2B-NMDAR (not AMPAR) function and fear memory consolidation (not acquisition).
Alpha-synuclein alters the faecal viromes of rats in a gut-initiated model of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Stockdale Stephen R. , Draper Lorraine A. , O’Donovan Sarah M. , Barton Wiley , O’Sullivan Orla , Volpicelli-Daley Laura A. , Sullivan Aideen M. , O’Neill Cora , Hill Colin
Published: September 2021

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic neurological disorder associated with the misfolding of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) into aggregates within nerve cells that contribute to their neurodegeneration. Recent evidence suggests α-syn aggregation may begin in the gut and travel to the brain along the vagus nerve, with microbes potentially a trigger initiating α-syn misfolding. However, the effects α-syn alterations on the gut virome have not been investigated. In this study, we show longitudinal faecal virome changes in rats administered either monomeric or preformed fibrils (PFF) of α-syn directly into their enteric nervous system. Differential changes in rat viromes were observed when comparing monomeric and PFF α-syn, with alterations compounded by the addition of LPS. Changes in rat faecal viromes were observed after one month and did not resolve within the study’s five-month observational period. These results suggest that virome alterations may be reactive to host α-syn changes that are associated with PD development.
Early Holocene permafrost retreat in West Siberia amplified by reorganization of westerly wind systems
Authors: Li Ting-Yong , Baker Jonathan L. , Wang Tao , Zhang Jian , Wu Yao , Li Hong-Chun , Blyakharchuk Tatiana , Yu Tsai-Luen , Shen Chuan-Chou , Cheng Hai , Kong Xing-Gong , Xie Wen-Li , Edwards R. Lawrence
Published: September 2021

Rapid permafrost degradation and peatland expansion occurred in Eurasia during the Early Holocene and may be analogous to the region’s response to anthropogenic warming. Here we present a230Th-dated, multiproxy speleothem record with subdecadal sampling resolution from Kyok-Tash Cave, at the modern permafrost margin in the northern Altai Mountains, southwestern Siberia. Stalagmite K4, covering the period 11,400 to 8,900 years before present, indicates an absence of stable permafrost within three centuries of the Younger Dryas termination. Between 11,400 and 10,400 years ago, speleothem δ18O is antiphased between the Altai and Ural ranges, suggesting a reorganization of the westerly wind systems that led to warmer and wetter winters over West Siberia and Altai, relative to the zonally adjacent regions of Northern Eurasia. At the same time, there is evidence of peak permafrost degradation and peatland expansion in West Siberia, consistent with the interpreted climate anomaly. Based on these findings, we suggest that modern permafrost in Eurasia is sensitive to feedbacks in the ocean-cryosphere system, which are projected to alter circulation regimes over the continent.
Protected-area targets could be undermined by climate change-driven shifts in ecoregions and biomes
Authors: Dobrowski Solomon Z. , Littlefield Caitlin E. , Lyons Drew S. , Hollenberg Clark , Carroll Carlos , Parks Sean A. , Abatzoglou John T. , Hegewisch Katherine , Gage Josh
Published: September 2021

Expanding the global protected area network is critical for addressing biodiversity declines and the climate crisis. However, how climate change will affect ecosystem representation within the protected area network remains unclear. Here we use spatial climate analogs to examine potential climate-driven shifts in terrestrial ecoregions and biomes under a +2 °C warming scenario and associated implications for achieving 30% area-based protection targets. We find that roughly half of land area will experience climate conditions that correspond with different ecoregions and nearly a quarter will experience climates from a different biome. Of the area projected to remain climatically stable, 46% is currently intact (low human modification). The area required to achieve protection targets in 87% of ecoregions exceeds the area that is intact, not protected, and projected to remain climatically stable within those ecoregions. Therefore, we propose that prioritization schemes will need to explicitly consider climate-driven changes in patterns of biodiversity.
Magma chamber decompression during explosive caldera-forming eruption of Aira caldera
Authors: Geshi Nobuo , Yamasaki Tadashi , Miyagi Isoji , Conway Chris E.
Published: September 2021

Decompression of a magma chamber is a fundamental condition of caldera collapse. Although theoretical models have predicted the decompression of magma chambers before caldera collapse, few previous studies have demonstrated the amount of magma chamber decompression. Here, we determine water content in quartz glass embayments and inclusions from pyroclastic deposits of a caldera-forming eruption at Aira volcano approximately 30,000 years ago and apply this data to calculate decompression inside the magma chamber. We identify a pressure drop from 140–260 MPa to 20–90 MPa during the extraction of around 50 km3of magma prior to the caldera collapse. The magma extraction may have caused down-sag subsidence at the caldera center before the onset of catastrophic caldera collapse. We propose that this deformation resulted in the fracturing and collapse of the roof rock into the magma chamber, leading to the eruption of massive ignimbrite.
Cultivable Winogradskyella species are genomically distinct from the sympatric abundant candidate species
Authors: Alejandre-Colomo Carlota , Francis Ben , Viver Tomeu , Harder Jens , Fuchs Bernhard M , Rossello-Mora Ramon , Amann Rudolf
Published: September 2021

Winogradskyella is a genus within the phylum Bacteroidetes with a clear marine origin. Most members of this genus have been found associated with marine animals and algae, but also with inorganic surfaces such as sand. In this study, we analyzed genomes of eleven species recently isolated from surface seawater samples from the North Sea during a single spring algae bloom. Corresponding metagenomes yielded a single Candidatus species for this genus. All species in culture, with the exception of W. ursingii, affiliated with a Winogradskyella lineage characterized by large genomes (~4.3 ± 0.4 Mb), with high complexity in their carbohydrate and protein degradation genes. Specifically, the polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) were diverse within each individual strain, indicating large substrate versatility. Although present in the North Sea, the abundances of these strains were at, or below, the detection limit of the metagenomes. In contrast, the single species, classified as Candidatus W. atlantica, to which all North Sea MAGs belonged, affiliated with a lineage in which the cultivated representatives showed small genomes of ~3.0–3.5 Mb, with the MAGs having ~2.3 Mb. In Ca. W. atlantica, genome streamlining has apparently resulted in the loss of biosynthesis pathways for several amino acids including arginine, methionine, leucine and valine, and the PUL loci were reduced to a single one for utilizing laminarin. This as-yet uncultivated species seems to capitalize on sporadically abundant substrates that are released by algae blooms, mainly laminarin. We also suggest that this streamlined genome might be responsible for the lack of growth on plates for this Candidatus species, in contrast to growth of the less abundant but coexisting members of the genus.
Fabrication of a superhydrophobic surface by straightforward immersion for copperplate artwork protection
Authors: Liu Jingming , Wang Min , Gu Chengyu , Zhang Lehua , Yan Ying
Published: September 2021

A facile method was proposed which used for the construction of a superhydrophobic film on the surface of copperplate images by straightforward immersion in trimethoxysilane solution to achieve anticorrosive protection of copperplate artworks.
Bioenzyme-responsivel-arginine-based carbon dots: the replenishment of nitric oxide for nonpharmaceutical therapy
Authors: Han Chuyi , Yu Qinghua , Jiang Junhao , Zhang Xianming , Wang Fan , Jiang Mingyue , Yu Ruihong , Deng Tao , Yu Chao
Published: September 2021

The design and synthesis of a series of novell-arginine-based carbon dot NO-donating drugs for vasodilation and tumor suppression.
Photoelectrochemical immunoassay of interleukin-6 based on covalent reaction-triggered photocurrent polarity switching of ZnO@fullerenol
Authors: Zhou Min , Ying Ying , Huang Hui , Tan Yueming , Deng Wenfang , Xie Qingji
Published: September 2021

Photoelectrochemical immunoassay of interleukin-6 is described based on covalent reaction-triggered photocurrent polarity switching.
Comparing electrocatalytic and thermocatalytic conversion of nitrate on platinum–ruthenium alloys
Authors: Wang Zixuan , Ortiz Evan M. , Goldsmith Bryan R. , Singh Nirala
Published: September 2021

Comparison between thermocatalytic and electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reactions highlights mechanistic similarities and differences between the two reactions.
Neutral and cationic methallyl nickel complexes in alkene activation: a combined DFT, ESI-MS and chemometric approach
Authors: Trofymchuk Oleksandra S. , Ortega Daniela E. , Cortés-Arriagada Diego , Pereira Alfredo , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Klitzke Clecio F. , Santos Leonardo S. , Rojas Rene S.
Published: September 2021

Herein, we report a comparative study of ethylene activation and 1-hexene isomerization carried out with isomeric neutral and cationic methallyl nickel complexes L1Ni(η3-C3H5) and [L1Ni(η3-C3H5)][B(ArF)4] in the presence of borane co-catalysts.
Ensembles from silver clusters and cucurbit[6]uril-containing linkers
Authors: Li Na-Na , Yang Ming , Xu Xiao-Jie , Dong Xi-Yan , Li Si , Zang Shuang-Quan
Published: September 2021

A series of cluster-assembled luminescent materials featuring intriguing alternating CB[6] units and silver(i) clusters have been prepared and systematically investigated.
Phosphorus-based ligand effects on the structure and radical scavenging ability of molecular nanoparticles of CeO2
Authors: Russell-Webster Bradley , Lopez-Nieto Javi , Abboud Khalil A. , Christou George
Published: September 2021

Two Ce/oxo clusters have been prepared with P-based ligands and their structures and catalytic HO˙ radical scavenging activity have been determined.
One pot tandem dual CC and CO bond reductions in the β-alkylation of secondary alcohols with primary alcohols by ruthenium complexes of amido and picolyl functionalized N-heterocyclic carbenes
Authors: Prakasham A. P. , Ta Sabyasachi , Dey Shreyata , Ghosh Prasenjit
Published: September 2021

A neutral amido-functionalized ruthenium complex and a cationic picolyl-functionalized ruthenium complex of NHC ligands efficiently catalysed tandem β-alkylation reaction of alcohols, including the synthesis of various bioactive flavan derivatives.
Nanoarchitectonics of metal organic frameworks and PEDOT layer-by-layer electrodes for boosting oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Fenoy Gonzalo E. , Rafti Matías , Marmisollé Waldemar A. , Azzaroni Omar
Published: September 2021

We present a strategy for the integration of three building blocks in a functional interfacial nanoarchitecture in order to fabricate composite films with improved features towards the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).
Synergistic manifestation of band and scattering engineering in the single aliovalent Sb alloyed anharmonic SnTe alloy in concurrence with rule of parsimony
Authors: Basu Ranita , Mandava Srikanth , Shenoy U. Sandhya , Bhat D. Krishna , Khasimsaheb B. , Debnath A. K. , Singh Ajay , Neeleshwar S.
Published: September 2021

The graphic envisages the different strategies to modulate the electronic and thermal transport properties of eco-friendly SnTeSbx.
Stable and transient self-propagating supramolecular gelation
Authors: Riedel Solenn , Panzarasa Guido
Published: September 2021

Supramolecular sol–gel transition is time-programmed with an autocatalytic iodine clock, resulting in the autonomous generation of stable or transient gels depending on the chosen initial conditions.
Crystal structure of a 1,6-bis(phenylethynyl)pyrene-based cyclophane that exhibits mechanochromic luminescence
Authors: Shimizu Shohei , Thazhathethil Shakkeeb , Takahashi Kiyonori , Nakamura Takayoshi , Sagara Yoshimitsu
Published: September 2021

The crystal structure of a 1,6-bis(phenylethynyl)pyrene-based cyclophane was solved, and the mechanochromic luminescence was demonstrated.
AIE ligand-based silver clusters used for ethion detection
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Li Yuanyuan , Luo Ximing , Luo Peng , Han Zhen , Peng Qiuchen , Li Kai , Hou Hongwei , Zang Shuang Quan
Published: September 2021

A silver cluster of Ag24 containing an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) ligand was prepared and used as a potential chemosensor for detecting ethion in water dominated solutions, and exhibited good selectivity and sensitivity.
K2S2O8-mediated acylarylation of unactivated alkenes via acyl radical addition/C–H annulation cascade of N-allyl-indoles with silver cocatalysis
Authors: Zhang Jitan , Wu Manyi , Ju Hu , Yang Haitao , Qian Baiyang , Ding Ke , Wu Jiaping , Xie Meihua
Published: September 2021

A silver-catalyzed, K2S2O8-mediated protocol to access the regioselective acylarylation of unactivated alkenes was reported.
Palladium catalyzed desulfurative coupling of allyl sulfides with organoboronic acids
Authors: Guan Yan-Yan , Wu Xiao-Xue , Liu Yu-Fang , Chao Jian-Bin , Wen Zhen-Kang
Published: September 2021

A palladium catalyzed desulfurative coupling of allylthioethers with organoboronic acids under mild reaction conditions is described.
Enhanced toluene adsorption/desorption dynamic performances over modified USY zeolites after an aqueous ammonia treatment
Authors: Gao Shan , Liao Yuanru , Zhang Yaoyu , Liu Yue , Wu Zhongbiao
Published: September 2021

USY zeolites treated by aqueous ammonia (a simple method) shows enhanced and stabilized toluene adsorption/desorption dynamic performances.
Proton-detected fast-magic-angle spinning NMR of paramagnetic inorganic solids
Authors: Blahut Jan , Benda Ladislav , Lejeune Arthur L. , Sanders Kevin J. , Burcher Benjamin , Jeanneau Erwann , Proriol David , Catita Leonor , Breuil Pierre-Alain R. , Quoineaud Anne-Agathe , Pell Andrew J. , Pintacuda Guido
Published: September 2021

Fast magic-angle spinning NMR allows rapid fingerprinting of paramagnetic organometallic complexes in powder form.
Aptamer based surface plasma resonance assay for direct detection of neuron specific enolase and progastrin-releasing peptide (31-98)
Authors: Sun Linlin , Shen Kemin , Zhang Jianbin , Wan Wenjuan , Cao Wenjun , Wang Zhijun , Guo Chongzheng
Published: September 2021

Direct detection of neuron specific enolase and progastrin-releasing peptide (31-98) were achieved by measuring the target-induced SPR response of an aptamer-coated chip.
Rapid wet-chemical oxidative activation of graphite felt electrodes for vanadium redox flow batteries
Authors: Shanahan Brian , Seteiz Khaled , Heizmann Philipp A. , Koch Susanne , Büttner Jan , Ouardi Siham , Vierrath Severin , Fischer Anna , Breitwieser Matthias
Published: September 2021

Schematic diagram of the K-GF fabrication process. Step 1: deposition of MnOx layers onto the P-GF electrode surface using acidified KMnO4 solutions. Step 2: removal of MnOx layers using an acidified H2O2 solution to produce the K-GF electrode.
Img2Mol – accurate SMILES recognition from molecular graphical depictions
Authors: Clevert Djork-Arné , Le Tuan , Winter Robin , Montanari Floriane
Published: September 2021

The automatic recognition of the molecular content of a molecule's graphical depiction is an extremely challenging problem that remains largely unsolved despite decades of research.
Depolymerization of supramolecular polymers by a covalent reaction; transforming an intercalator into a sequestrator
Authors: Vonk Kasper M. , Meijer E. W. , Vantomme Ghislaine
Published: September 2021

We report on the controlled depolymerization of supramolecular 1D polymers into well-defined dimers triggered by a covalent reaction on the side chains of the monomer.
Ultrathin alumina passivation for improved photoelectrochemical water oxidation catalysis of tin oxide sensitized by a phosphonate-functionalized perylene diimide first without, and then with, CoOy
Authors: Jewell Carly F. , Subramanian Ashwanth , Nam Chang-Yong , Finke Richard G.
Published: September 2021

Deposition of an ultrathin AlOx overlayer applied by ALD on the PMPDI/SnO2 photoanode improves the photoactivity and catalytic activity of the system. ALD AlOx also helps support the understanding of the “anti-catalysis” behavior of added CoOy.
Recent trends in template assisted 3D porous materials for electrochemical supercapacitors
Authors: Swain Nilimapriyadarsini , Saravanakumar Balasubramaniam , Kundu Manab , Schmidt-Mende Lukas , Ramadoss Ananthakumar
Published: September 2021

This review delivers a comprehensive overview of the various experimental approaches used to fabricate three-dimensional porous materials decorating with organic and inorganic materials for supercapacitor applications.
Understanding and tackling lattice manganese exfoliation and deactivation of battery-type NiMn-LDH in fast electrochemical energy storage
Authors: Tang Yanqun , Liang Zibin , Jin Yongkang , Gao Song , Zou Ruqiang
Published: September 2021

The capacity decay mechanism of the battery-type NiMn-LDH has been investigated in detail. A targeted pre-activation strategy is proposed to increase the cycling stability of asymmetric supercapacitors by decelerating the phase transition process.
Analysing structural data to explore the function of an essential bacterial protein foldase
Authors: Haysom Samuel F.
Published: September 2021

Structural biology, or the study of how protein structures dictate their function, is a fundamental part of life science research, allowing the mechanisms underpinning life to be unravelled at the molecular level. Due to the complexity of 3D data, researchers often use special visualization methods to extract useful information from protein structures. This article uses the most common of these visualisation methods to examine different structures of the β-barrel assembly machinery complex (BAM), an essential protein that folds other proteins into the outer-membranes of Gram-negative bacteria. By exploring how BAM’s 3D shape changes as it interacts with its substrates throughout the folding process, it is possible to reconstruct a potential mechanism for this molecular machine that can be used to drive further research.
Comment on Ahmmed (2021): The Search for Evidence-Based Auditory Processing Disorder Diagnostic Criteria
Authors: Schow Ronald L. , Dillon Harvey , Seikel J. Anthony
Published: September 2021

Purpose:

Ahmmed (2021) presented a study to advance the goal of an evidence-based diagnostic criteria for auditory processing disorder. We offer some cautions about the interpretation of these results, as well as suggestions for future strategies for developing evidence-based criteria for auditory processing disorder.
Repetition Versus Variability in Verb Learning: Sometimes Less Is More
Authors: Horvath Sabrina , Arunachalam Sudha
Published: September 2021

Purpose

This study examined whether 2-year-olds are better able to acquire novel verb meanings when they appear in varying linguistic contexts, including both content nouns and pronouns, as compared to when the contexts are consistent, including only content nouns. Additionally, differences between typically developing toddlers and late talkers were explored.

Method

Forty-seven English-acquiring 2-year-olds (
n
= 14 late talkers,
n
= 33 typically developing) saw scenes of actors manipulating objects. These actions were labeled with novel verbs. In the varied condition, children heard sentences containing both content nouns and pronouns (e.g., “The girl is ziffing the truck. She is ziffing it!”). In the consistent condition, children heard the verb an equal number of times, but only with content nouns (e.g., “The girl is ziffing the truck. The girl is ziffing the truck!”). At test, children were shown two new scenes and were asked to find the novel verb's referent. Children's eye gaze was analyzed as a measure of learning.

Results

Mixed-effects regression analyses revealed that children looked more toward the correct scene in the consistent condition than the varied condition. This difference was more pronounced for late talkers than for typically developing children.

Conclusion

To acquire an initial representation of a new verb's meaning, children, particularly late talkers, benefit more from hearing the verb in consistent linguistic contexts than in varying contexts.
Modes analyses of cylindrical waveguides using the MFCM
Authors: Wang Kai , Yu Feng‐Qi , Liang Teng , Zhang Qingfeng , Zhang Qinyu , Laurin Jean‐Jacques , Wu Ke
Published: September 2021

An efficient modes analyses technique for isotropic or anisotropic material filled 2D metallic waveguides with an arbitrary contour using the multifilament current method (MFCM) is presented. The ideal PEC boundary of a 2D waveguide is replaced by a shell with a high conductivity and electrical small thickness. The thin lossy shell not only can well approximate the boundary condition of PEC waveguide wall therefore without altering the initial waveguide modes, but also can let the external excitation penetrate through to excite the inside modes, resulting in a high internal field intensity at the frequency of each mode. In this case, the modes are revealed by the peaks of field intensity responses, and the spurious modes which existed in traditional source‐free modes determination techniques can be completely avoided. Based on this idea, a generalized impedance boundary condition (GIBC) is formulated to represent the lossy waveguide wall and further utilized in the MFCM for simulating the internal field intensity over frequency. Three different configurations of a 2D waveguide are considered. The computed modes are compared with that obtained from commercial software, and an excellent agreement is achieved, yet an competitive advantage on simulation performances is observed by using the proposed technique.
Clues on jet behavior from simultaneous radio-X-ray fits of GX 339-4
Authors: Barnier S. , Petrucci P.-O. , Ferreira J. , Marcel G. , Belmont R. , Clavel M. , Corbel S. , Coriat M. , Espinasse M. , Henri G. , Malzac J. , Rodriguez J.
Published: September 2021

Understanding the mechanisms of accretion-ejection during X-ray binary (XrB) outbursts has been a problem for several decades. For instance, it is still not clear what controls the spectral evolution of these objects from the hard to the soft states and then back to the hard states at the end of the outburst, tracing the well-known hysteresis cycle in the hardness-intensity diagram. Moreover, the link between the spectral states and the presence or absence of radio emission is still highly debated. In a series of papers we developed a model composed of a truncated outer standard accretion disk (SAD, from the solution of Shakura and Sunyaev) and an inner jet emitting disk (JED). In this paradigm, the JED plays the role of the hot corona while simultaneously explaining the presence of a radio jet. Our goal is to apply for the first time direct fitting procedures of the JED-SAD model to the hard states of four outbursts of GX 339-4 observed during the 2000–2010 decade by RXTE, combined with simultaneous or quasi simultaneous ATCA observations. We built JED-SAD model tables usable in XSPEC, as well as a reflection model table based on the XILLVER model of XSPEC. We applied our model to the 452 hard state observations obtained with RXTE/PCA. We were able to correctly fit the X-ray spectra and simultaneously reproduce the radio flux with an accuracy better than 15%. We show that the functional dependency of the radio emission on the model parameters (mainly the accretion rate and the transition radius between the JED and the SAD) is similar for all the rising phases of the different outbursts of GX 339-4, but it is significantly different from the functional dependency obtained in the decaying phases. This result strongly suggests a change in the radiative and/or dynamical properties of the ejection between the beginning and the end of the outburst. We discuss possible scenarios that could explain these differences.
Operating efficiency assessment of commercial banks with Cooperative-Stackelberg hybrid two-stage DEA
Authors: Ma Jianfeng , Zhao Tianmingdi
Published: September 2021

The two-stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is widely applied to assess the efficiency of commercial banks in recent years. Even though this approach well simulates the sequence of banks production process, the independent operations within sub-stages are generally ignored, and the cooperative or non-cooperative relations between sub-stages are usually investigated separately.Please check whether short title on odd pages have been set correctly. Commercial banking production system, however, has complex internal structure within which parallel and series structure can co-exist, and cooperative relations may concurrently occur with non-cooperative ones. In this paper, we develop a hybrid two-stage DEA to consider simultaneously the series-parallel internal structure and the cooperative-Stackelberg relations between sub-stages. The data of 19 Chinese listed commercial banks are used to show the abilities of the proposed models. This approach represents a powerful and flexible efficiency measurement implement that can be applied when the system in question has a complex internal structure in terms of both sub-systems features and sub-systems relations.
Rehabilitation organtransplantierter Kinder und deren Familien in der
SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie: Eine qualitative Studie
Authors: Ströhl Sarah , Lauerer Michael , Etzelsberger Doris , Weichselbraun Robert , Nagel Eckhard
Published: September 2021

Ziel der Studie Die sozialempirische Studie analysiert die strukturierte
Wiedereröffnung eines Rehabilitationszentrums für Kinder und
Jugendliche vor und nach Organtransplantation sowie deren Familien in der
SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie. Im Fokus stehen das Erleben, Sicherheitsempfinden und die
Präferenzen von immunsupprimierten Kindern, deren Eltern sowie der
Mitarbeitenden.

Methodik Von Juni bis August 2020 wurden semistrukturierte
Leitfadeninterviews mit 23 Erziehungsberechtigten, 4 Kindern und 7
Mitarbeitenden durchgeführt. Die Auswertung erfolgte
softwaregestützt mittels strukturierender qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse.
Zur Quantifizierung der Ergebnisse fand eine Frequenzanalyse statt.

Ergebnisse Die Befragten erleben die pandemiebedingten
Einschränkungen in differenzierter Art und Weise als belastend.
Verunsicherung, das Fehlen sozialer Kontakte sowie der Wegfall von Strukturen
prägen ihren Alltag. Die Möglichkeit, an einer
Rehabilitationsmaßnahme teilzunehmen, wird in dieser Situation
überwiegend positiv bewertet: Besonders der soziale Austausch in einem
sicheren Umfeld spielt eine wichtige Rolle im Umgang mit der Pandemie und im
Abbau der damit verbundenen Ängste. Sowohl Eltern als auch Mitarbeitende
assoziieren den Aufenthalt mit einem hohen Sicherheitsempfinden. Sie beurteilen
die Maßnahmen des Hygiene- und Sicherheitskonzepts als adäquat
und verhältnismäßig.

Schlussfolgerung Das Angebot einer familienorientierten Rehabilitation
bietet im Zusammenhang mit erkrankungs- und pandemiebedingten Sorgen eine
deutliche Entlastung. Ein konklusives Hygiene- und Sicherheitskonzept ist
zentrale Voraussetzung für die Durchführung. Die Erfahrungen in
der Rehabilitationseinheit legen dabei nahe, dass ein Rehabilitationsangebot
unter Pandemiebedingungen sicher umgesetzt werden kann.
Impact of Mechanical Complications on Success of Dental Implant Treatments: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Ferreira Patrícia W. , Nogueira Paulo J. , Nobre Miguel A. de Araújo , Guedes Carlos Moura , Salvado Francisco
Published: September 2021

Objective This study aimed to investigate the impact of mechanical complications on outcome measures for implant dentistry.

Materials and Methods This case–control study included 282 patients with mechanical complications occurring in fixed prosthetic rehabilitation supported by immediate function implants with external connection (cases) and 282 individuals without mechanical complications (control). Pairing was performed for sex, age (range = 3 years), and follow-up months (range = 11 months). The primary outcome measure was implant survival, while the secondary outcome measures were marginal bone loss and biological complication parameters (peri-implant pathology, soft tissue inflammation, fistula formation, and abscess formation).

Statistical Analysis Cumulative implant survival was estimated by using life tables. Descriptive statistics with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and inferential statistics (Chi-square test) were performed to evaluate differences between cases and controls. The significance level was set at 5%.

Results The average follow-up duration was 8.5 years. Mechanical complications included prosthetic fracture (n = 159), abutment loosening (n = 89), prosthetic screw loosening (n = 20), milled abutment (n = 12), milled prosthetic screw (n = 1), and decemented crown (n = 1). Implant failure occurred in one patient from the control group, with survival rates of 100 and 99.6% for cases and controls, respectively (p = 0.317). The average marginal bone loss was 1.72 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.60–1.84) for cases and 1.55 (95% CI: 1.45–1.65) for controls (p = 0.068). Biological complications were observed in 90 patients, with significant differences between cases (n = 54) and controls (n = 36; p = 0.038).

Conclusion Mechanical complications did not significantly influence survival or marginal bone loss; nevertheless, there is a need for studies with longer follow-up duration. Mechanical complications also significantly influence the incidence of biological complications.
Physical Therapy for the Horizontal Semicircular Cupulolithiasis: A Prospective Interventional Case Series from an Otoneurology Center in South Rajasthan, India
Authors: Vats Ajay Kumar , Sharma Jugal Kishor , Ramchandani G. D.
Published: September 2021

Objective This article aims to study the effect of physical therapy in patients of horizontal semicircular cupulolithiasis with results audited in the short term.

Design Nonrandomized prospective interventional study.

Study Sample Four patients with horizontal semicircular cupulolithiasis.

Results All four patients in whom diagnostic supine roll test (carried at least thrice to look for the sustainability as well as the polarity of the nystagmus) elicited apogeotropic horizontal positional nystagmus lasting more than 1 minute were subjected to therapeutic head-shaking maneuver (HSM). The results were audited immediately after the physical therapy, and at 1 hour. Follow-up by telephonic interviews for 4 weeks was done in all patients. Three out of four patients responded to HSM alone. One patient who did not respond to HSM was successfully treated with four other sequent physical therapies.

Conclusion The response of physical therapy for horizontal semicircular cupulolithiasis occasionally indicates the side of the cupula to which otoconial debris is adherent (Cup-U or Cup-C). Occasionally, Cup-C variant of horizontal semicircular cupulolithiasis can be transformed by physical therapy to long posterior arm horizontal semicircular canalolithiasis—a disorder with better established treatment options.
Revisiting a basic question: does growing up in either female or male environment affect sex differences in academic strengths and occupational choices?
Authors: Fellman Daniel , Bränström Richard , Herlitz Agneta
Published: September 2021

Are we affected by growing up in either female or male environment? This study examined whether girls’ and boys’ academic strengths at age 16 in verbal/language school subjects, relative to technical/numerical subjects, and cognitive demands of a chosen occupation at age 35 are influenced by having same- or opposite-sex siblings. Using representative population data from Swedish registers, we extracted (Study 1) 3-sibling families (N = 17,233), focusing on the mid-born, and (Study 2) 2-sibling families (N = 118,688), focusing on the last-born child. Both studies demonstrated that individuals’ academic strengths were unaffected by sibship composition. Study 2 showed that boys with a sister tended to choose more numerically demanding occupations as compared to boys with a brother. Taken together, growing up in a more or less female or male environment, that is, having same- or opposite-sex siblings does not impact one’s tendency to be academically more or less verbally or numerically aligned.
Shock synthesis of nanocrystalline La2Ti2O7 powder
Authors: Ran Haotian , Zhou Qiang , Chen Pengwan , Liu Jianjun , Sekine Toshimori , Gao Xin
Published: September 2021

Perovskite La2Ti2O7 nanocrystalline powder was obtained through the shock synthesis method. In the study, La2O3 and TiO2 powders were mixed through ball milling and, subsequently, shocked by a flyer at a velocity of 3.2 km/s. After shock treatment, the sample was recovered and characterized via various techniques, such as x-ray diffraction, Raman, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflection spectrum analysis, to find the presence of La2Ti2O7 nanocrystalline powder with an average grain size of approximately 30 nm in the recovered samples with different yields. Moreover, the results further confirm that the high shock temperature and long ball milling treatment induce higher activation of precursors to improve the La2Ti2O7 content in the recovered samples. By adjusting the relative density of precursor and the ball milling period, pure La2Ti2O7 nanocrystalline powder was obtained. The formation mechanism of La2Ti2O7 was carefully illustrated. This study presents a new method to synthesize La2Ti2O7 nanocrystalline powder by detonation-driven flyer impact.
An approximate coupled cluster theory via nonlinear dynamics and synergetics: The adiabatic decoupling conditions
Authors: Agarawal Valay , Patra Chayan , Maitra Rahul
Published: September 2021

The coupled cluster iteration scheme is analyzed as a multivariate discrete time map using nonlinear dynamics and synergetics. The nonlinearly coupled set of equations to determine the cluster amplitudes are driven by a fraction of the entire set of cluster amplitudes. These driver amplitudes enslave all other amplitudes through a synergistic inter-relationship, where the latter class of amplitudes behave as the auxiliary variables. The driver and the auxiliary variables exhibit vastly different time scales of relaxation during the iteration process to reach the fixed points. The fast varying auxiliary amplitudes are small in magnitude, while the driver amplitudes are large, and they have a much longer time scale of relaxation. Exploiting their difference in relaxation time scale, we employ an adiabatic decoupling approximation, where each of the fast relaxing auxiliary modes is expressed as a unique function of the principal amplitudes. This results in a tremendous reduction in the independent degrees of freedom. On the other hand, only the driver amplitudes are determined accurately via exact coupled cluster equations. We will demonstrate that the iteration scheme has an order of magnitude reduction in computational scaling than the conventional scheme. With a few pilot numerical examples, we would demonstrate that this scheme can achieve very high accuracy with significant savings in computational time.
Nanoscale devices with superconducting electrodes to locally channel current in 3D Weyl semimetals
Authors: Datta Biswajit , Vaidya Jaykumar , Ghatak Subhamoy , Dhingra Raghav , Mondal Rajib , Jesudasan John , Thamizhavel A. , Deshmukh Mandar M.
Published: September 2021

We report on the fabrication of nano-devices on the [1¯01] surface of a Weyl semimetal, a macroscopic crystal of TaAs, and low-temperature transport measurements. We can implement electron beam lithography by peeling off and transferring the resist for nanofabrication onto the irregular crystal. We fabricate the device electrodes with superconducting Niobium nitride (NbN) to control the current flow through the intended active area of the devices. Our device structure enables the reduction in the current jetting effect, and we demonstrate the negative magnetoresistance measurement as a function of angle. The high field magnetotransport shows three distinct oscillation frequencies corresponding to the three bands at the Fermi level. Resistance measured in the low magnetic field shows the usual weak anti-localization dip near the zero-field—a signature of a Weyl material. Our method of fabricating devices with superconducting electrodes provides a way to probe the electrical properties of macroscopic single crystals at the nanoscale. As we use conventional lithographic techniques for patterning, this method can be extended to a wide gamut of electrode materials and a large class of 3D quantum materials.