bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Family-based gene-environment interaction using sequence kernel association test (FGE-SKAT) for complex quantitative traits
Authors: Guo Chao-Yu , Wang Reng-Hong , Yang Hsin-Chou
Published: April 2021

After the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) era, whole-genome sequencing is highly engaged in identifying the association of complex traits with rare variations. A score-based variance-component test has been proposed to identify common and rare genetic variants associated with complex traits while quickly adjusting for covariates. Such kernel score statistic allows for familial dependencies and adjusts for random confounding effects. However, the etiology of complex traits may involve the effects of genetic and environmental factors and the complex interactions between genes and the environment. Therefore, in this research, a novel method is proposed to detect gene and gene-environment interactions in a complex family-based association study with various correlated structures. We also developed an R function for the Fast Gene-Environment Sequence Kernel Association Test (FGE-SKAT), which is freely available as supplementary material for easy GWAS implementation to unveil such family-based joint effects. Simulation studies confirmed the validity of the new strategy and the superior statistical power. The FGE-SKAT was applied to the whole genome sequence data provided by Genetic Analysis Workshop 18 (GAW18) and discovered concordant and discordant regions compared to the methods without considering gene by environment interactions.
Transcriptomic signals in blood prior to lung cancer focusing on time to diagnosis and metastasis
Authors: Nøst Therese H. , Holden Marit , Dønnem Tom , Bøvelstad Hege , Rylander Charlotta , Lund Eiliv , Sandanger Torkjel M.
Published: April 2021

Recent studies have indicated that there are functional genomic signals that can be detected in blood years before cancer diagnosis. This study aimed to assess gene expression in prospective blood samples from the Norwegian Women and Cancer cohort focusing on time to lung cancer diagnosis and metastatic cancer using a nested case–control design. We employed several approaches to statistically analyze the data and the methods indicated that the case–control differences were subtle but most distinguishable in metastatic case–control pairs in the period 0–3 years prior to diagnosis. The genes of interest along with estimated blood cell populations could indicate disruption of immunological processes in blood. The genes identified from approaches focusing on alterations with time to diagnosis were distinct from those focusing on the case–control differences. Our results support that explorative analyses of prospective blood samples could indicate circulating signals of disease-related processes.
Endoscopic resection is a suitable initial treatment strategy for oxyntic gland adenoma or gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland type
Authors: Iwamuro Masaya , Kusumoto Chiaki , Nakagawa Masahiro , Kobayashi Sayo , Yoshioka Masao , Inaba Tomoki , Toyokawa Tatsuya , Hori Shinichiro , Tanaka Shouichi , Matsueda Kazuhiro , Tanaka Takehiro , Okada Hiroyuki
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study was to reveal the histological features of oxyntic gland adenomas and gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic-gland type (GA-FG). We retrospectively examined the histological features of 126 lesions of oxyntic gland adenoma and/or GA-FG in 116 patients. The prevalence of oxyntic gland adenomas and GA-FG was approximately equal. The majority of the lesions were resected by endoscopic mucosal resection using a diathermic snare (EMR, n = 42) or endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD, n = 72). Histologically, there were no lesions with invasion at the level of the muscularis propria or deeper, and lymphovascular invasion was present in 1.6%. Of the ESD and EMR specimens, there were no lesions that were positive for vertical margins. Among the eight GA-FG patients with deep (≥ 500 μm) submucosal invasion, six were treated with endoscopic resection alone, and no recurrence was documented. No patients died of the disease during the median follow-up period of 14.5 months. In conclusion, all lesions were confined to the mucosa or submucosa and were negative for vertical margins. Lymphovascular invasion was present in only 1.6% of the patients. Thus, we believe that endoscopic resection is a suitable initial treatment method for oxyntic gland adenoma and GA-FG.
CXCL12 enhances pregnancy outcome via improvement of endometrial receptivity in mice
Authors: Koo Hwa Seon , Yoon Min-Ji , Hong Seon-Hwa , Ahn Jungho , Cha Hwijae , Lee Danbi , Ko Ji-Eun , Kwon Hwang , Choi Dong Hee , Lee Kyung-Ah , Ko Jung-Jae , Kang Youn-Jung
Published: April 2021

Successful pregnancy inevitably depends on the implantation of a competent embryo into a receptive endometrium. Although many substances have been suggested to improve the rate of embryo implantation targeting enhancement of endometrial receptivity, currently there rarely are effective evidence-based treatments to prevent or cure this condition. Here we strongly suggest minimally-invasive intra-uterine administration of embryo-secreted chemokine CXCL12 as an effective therapeutic intervention. Chemokine CXCL12 derived from pre- and peri-implanting embryos significantly enhances the rates of embryo attachment and promoted endothelial vessel formation and sprouting in vitro. Consistently, intra-uterine CXCL12 administration in C57BL/6 mice improved endometrial receptivity showing increased integrin β3 and its ligand osteopontin, and induced endometrial angiogenesis displaying increased numbers of vessel formation near the lining of endometrial epithelial layer with higher CD31 and CD34 expression. Furthermore, intra-uterine CXCL12 application dramatically promoted the rates of embryo implantation with no morphologically retarded embryos. Thus, our present study provides a novel evidence that improved uterine endometrial receptivity and enhanced angiogenesis induced by embryo-derived chemokine CXCL12 may aid to develop a minimally-invasive therapeutic strategy for clinical treatment or supplement for the patients with repeated implantation failure with less risk.
Variability measurements provide additional value to shear wave elastography in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Yoshikawa Masakatsu , Ishikawa Takuya , Ohno Eizaburo , Iida Tadashi , Furukawa Kazuhiro , Nakamura Masanao , Honda Takashi , Ishigami Masatoshi , Kinoshita Fumie , Kawashima Hiroki , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro
Published: April 2021

Shear wave elastography (SWE) is a technique to non-invasively and quantitatively evaluate tissue stiffness. We aimed to investigate whether we can differentiate pancreatic cancer (PC) from normal pancreatic parenchyma (NPP) by SWE using transabdominal ultrasound. We investigated a total of 106 patients (84 with NPP and 22 with PC) whose pancreatic elastic modulus was measured by two-dimensional SWE (2D-SWE). Intra-rater reliability in this study was examined, and three measurements were sufficiently reliable. There were no differences between the two groups in factors that could affect SWE measurements. The median value of the elastic modulus was 5.70 kPa in the PC patients and 5.66 kPa in the NPP group, which was not significantly different (P = 0.785). On the contrary, the range was 8.64 kPa and 4.72 kPa, with a significantly greater range in the PC patients (P = 0.001). In conclusion, the median elastic modulus measured by 2D-SWE was not significantly different between PC and NPP, and evaluating the obtained elastic modulus itself is not useful in differentiation. However, the variability was significantly greater in PC than in NPP. Evaluating the range of elasticities will provide additional information in SWE, which may be useful in the diagnosis of PC.
Author Correction: Holocene El Niño–Southern Oscillation variability reflected in subtropical Australian precipitation
Authors: Barr C. , Tibby J. , Leng M. J. , Tyler J. J. , Henderson A. C. G. , Overpeck J. T. , Simpson G. L. , Cole J. E. , Phipps S. J. , Marshall J. C. , McGregor G. B. , Hua Q. , McRobie F. H.
Published: April 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: A selectable, plasmid-based system to generate CRISPR/Cas9 gene edited and knock-in mosquito cell lines
Authors: Rozen-Gagnon Kathryn , Yi Soon , Jacobson Eliana , Novack Sasha , Rice Charles M.
Published: April 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Revealing the electronic structure, heterojunction band offset and alignment of Cu2ZnGeSe4: a combined experimental and computational study towards photovoltaic applications
Authors: Rondiya Sachin R. , Buldu Dilara Gokcen , Brammertz Guy , Jadhav Yogesh A. , Cross Russell W. , Ghosh Hirendra N. , Davies Thomas E. , Jadkar Sandesh R. , Dzade Nelson Y. , Vermang Bart
Published: April 2021

This work unravels the device characteristics, interface and band offset properties of Cu2ZnGeSe4 (CZGSe), a promising earth-abundant and non-toxic semiconductor material for thin-film solar cell applications.
Natural and artificial humic substances to manage minerals, ions, water, and soil microorganisms
Authors: Yang Fan , Tang Chunyu , Antonietti Markus
Published: April 2021

Artificial humic substance is a new chemical tool, and effects, such as dissolving insoluble phosphorus minerals, recovering phosphorus, improving soil fertility and reducing typical pollutants toxicity can now be addressed, quantified, and optimized.
Chemical profiling, antiviral and antiproliferative activities of the essential oil of Phlomis aurea Decne grown in Egypt
Authors: Torky Zenab Aly , Moussa Ashaimaa Y. , Abdelghffar Eman A. , Abdel-Hameed Usama K. , Eldahshan Omayma A.
Published: April 2021

Here, we investigated the chemical composition of the edible Phlomis aurea oil and its anticancer potential on three human cancer cell lines, as well as its antiviral activity against Herpes simplex-1 (HSV-1).
Elevated-temperature H2separation using a dense electron and proton mixed conducting polybenzimidazole-based membrane with 2D sulfonated graphene
Authors: Jin Yun , Gao Bo , Bian Chao , Meng Xiuxia , Meng Bo , Wong Shao Ing , Yang Naitao , Sunarso Jaka , Tan Xiaoyao , Liu Shaomin
Published: April 2021

Proton and electron transport in mixed conducting PBI-TGIC/SG.
Targeted 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with acrolein for cancer prodrug activation
Authors: Pradipta Ambara R. , Ahmadi Peni , Terashima Kazuki , Muguruma Kyohei , Fujii Motoko , Ichino Tomoya , Maeda Satoshi , Tanaka Katsunori
Published: April 2021

Prodrug activation strategy by utilizing the reaction between aryl azide and endogenous acrolein that is generally overproduced by cancer cells.
Optimizing kesterite solar cells from Cu2ZnSnS4 to Cu2CdGe(S,Se)4
Authors: Wexler Robert B. , Gautam Gopalakrishnan Sai , Carter Emily A.
Published: April 2021

We report the computational discovery of a chemical composition for kesterite-type solar cell absorbers, Cu2CdGeS3Se, that solves the key challenges associated with Cu2ZnSnS4 defect thermodynamics while showing an optimal band gap and bulk stability.
A bifunctional fluorescent probe for sensing of Al3+ and H2S
Authors: Zong Ziao , Wang Jing , Bin Yidong , Wu Yanliu , Huang Guimei
Published: April 2021

Compound L was developed from salicylaldoxime and 4-aminobenzamide. L displayed AIE characteristics in the solid state due to a unique dimer formation by intermolecular hydrogen bonds. L could also act as a bifunctional fluorescence probe for Al3+ and H2S.
A dual-catalytic nanoreactor for synergistic chemodynamic-starvation therapy toward tumor metastasis suppression
Authors: Zhang Huiwen , Lu Fei , Pan Wei , Ge Yegang , Cui Bingjie , Gong Shaohua , Li Na , Tang Bo
Published: April 2021

A dual-catalytic targetable nanoreactor was developed for synergistic chemodynamic-starvation therapy against tumor metastasis.
Correction: A lithium air battery with a lithiated Al–carbon anode
Authors: Guo Ziyang , Dong XiaoLi , Wang Yonggang , Xia Yongyao
Published: April 2021

Correction for ‘A lithium air battery with a lithiated Al–carbon anode’ by Ziyang Guo et al., Chem. Commun., 2015, 51, 676–678, DOI: 10.1039/C4CC07315K.
Two polymorphs of remdesivir: crystal structure, solubility, and pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Yu Kaxi , Chen Shuai , Amgoth Chander , Tang Guping , Bai Hongzhen , Hu Xiurong
Published: April 2021

Here it deliberates the relationships between explicit crystal structures and biopharmaceutical properties of two polymorphs of remdesivir.
Pulse sequence and sample formulation optimization for dipolar order mediated 1H→13C cross-polarization
Authors: Elliott Stuart J. , Cala Olivier , Stern Quentin , Cousin Samuel F. , Eshchenko Dmitry , Melzi Roberto , Kempf James G. , Jannin Sami
Published: April 2021

Optimization of a dipolar cross-polarization (dCP) sequence increases the efficiency of 1H polarization transfers to 13C spins in a diverse range of molecular candidates with 13C polarizations surpassing 30%.
Recent progress in the development of MOF-based optical sensors for Fe3+
Authors: Panda Suvam Kumar , Mishra Sagarika , Singh Akhilesh Kumar
Published: April 2021

A summary of Fe3+ detection by luminescent MOFs and their mechanistic approaches are highlighted in this article based on recent publications.
The influence of the formal replacement of thiophenes by stannoles in terthiophene and sexithiophene on the optoelectronic properties and electrochemical behavior
Authors: Hoffmann Jonas , Ramirez y Medina Isabel-Maria , Hissler Muriel , Staubitz Anne
Published: April 2021

Polystannoles with thienyl co-monomers are in many ways similar to polythiophenes, but they display reduced band gaps.
1D Mn(iii) coordination polymers exhibiting chiral symmetry breaking and weak ferromagnetism
Authors: Hara Aoi , Kusumoto Sotaro , Sekine Yoshihiro , Harrowfield Jack , Kim Yang , Hayami Shinya , Nakamura Masaaki
Published: April 2021

Weak ferromagnetism and chiral symmetry breaking of amide oxygen-bridged 1D Mn(iii) coordination polymers are demonstrated.
Coordination sphere hydrogen bonding as a structural element in metal–organic Frameworks
Authors: Hawes Chris S.
Published: April 2021

Coordination sphere hydrogen bonding in coordination polymers and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is examined as a structurally and chemically stabilising influence, accessible through ligand design strategies.
Differences of characteristic aroma compounds in Rougui tea leaves with different roasting temperatures analyzed by switchable GC-O-MS and GC × GC-O-MS and sensory evaluation
Authors: Yang Ping , Song Huanlu , Lin Yanping , Guo Tianyang , Wang Lijin , Granvogl Michael , Xu Yongquan
Published: April 2021

Roasting, an important process to refine Wuyi Rock tea, could impart different types of aroma to the final products.
Metal- and additive-free C–H oxygenation of alkylarenes by visible-light photoredox catalysis
Authors: Uygur Mustafa , Kuhlmann Jan H. , Pérez-Aguilar María Carmen , Piekarski Dariusz G. , García Mancheño Olga
Published: April 2021

A metal- and additive-free methodology for the highly selective, photocatalyzed C–H oxygenation of alkylarenes under air to the corresponding carbonyls is presented.
In situ Rb–Sr dating by collision cell, multicollection inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry with pre-cell mass-filter, (CC-MC-ICPMS/MS)
Authors: Bevan Dan , Coath Christopher D. , Lewis Jamie , Schwieters Johannes , Lloyd Nicholas , Craig Grant , Wehrs Henning , Elliott Tim
Published: April 2021

This paper highlights the capabilities of a novel tribrid mass spectrometer for rapid, in situ geological age determinations of typical crustal rocks and single, K-feldspars.
An on-line matrix separation and preconcentration procedure for ICP OES determination of Cd, Co, Cu, Mn and Pb traces in Zr and Zr–Nb alloys using a cation-exchange resin microcolumn
Authors: Aghahoseini Masoud , Azimi Gholamhassan , Amini Mohammad K.
Published: April 2021

Development of a highly efficient on-line matrix separation system for the determination of several trace metal ions in nuclear grade zirconium alloy by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry.
Visible light-promoted synthesis of pyrrolidinone derivatives via Rose Bengal as a photoredox catalyst and their photophysical studies
Authors: Dutta Arup , Rohman Mostofa A. , Nongrum Ridaphun , Thongni Aiborlang , Mitra Sivaprasad , Nongkhlaw Rishanlang
Published: April 2021

This protocol demonstrates the eco-friendly and sustainable synthesis of pyrrolidinone derivatives using a photocatalyst under irradiation from blue LEDs and their photophysical studies.
Design and prediction of high potentansa-zirconocene catalyst for olefin polymerizations: combined DFT calculations and QSPR approach
Authors: Ratanasak Manussada , Hasegawa Jun-ya , Parasuk Vudhichai
Published: April 2021

Density functional calculations were carried out to predict activities, regio- and stereoselectivity, and to design newansa-zirconocene catalysts for olefin polymerizations.
Microchip-based structure determination of low-molecular weight proteins using cryo-electron microscopy
Authors: Casasanta Michael A. , Jonaid G. M. , Kaylor Liam , Luqiu William Y. , Solares Maria J. , Schroen Mariah L. , Dearnaley William J. , Wilson Jarad , Dukes Madeline J. , Kelly Deborah F.
Published: April 2021

Here we show a major technical advance to study small proteins using cryo-EM. Structural models for the SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid (N) protein are presented along with other coronavirus counterparts for therapeutic development.
Single-step coating of mesoporous SiO2 onto nanoparticles: growth of yolk–shell structures from core–shell structures
Authors: Xie Xiaobin , van Huis Marijn A. , van Blaaderen Alfons
Published: April 2021

A single-step coating method of mSiO2 onto nanoparticles was demonstrated to obtain Au nanotriangle @hollow–mSiO2 yolk–shell nanoparticles by carefully optimizing the concentration of all the reaction spices.
Highly chemoselective deoxygenation of N-heterocyclic N-oxides under transition metal-free conditions
Authors: Kim Se Hyun , An Ju Hyeon , Lee Jun Hee
Published: April 2021

Here, we provide an operationally simple protocol for the highly chemoselective deoxygenation of various functionalized N-heterocyclic N-oxides under visible light-mediated photoredox conditions with Na2-eosin Y as an organophotocatalyst.
A reduction-responsive drug delivery with improved stability: disulfide crosslinked micelles of small amiphiphilic molecules
Authors: Li Man , Ling Longbing , Xia Qing , Li Xinsong
Published: April 2021

Reduction-responsive crosslinked di-LA-PC micelles from amphiphilic bis-LA-PC conjugate for PTX loading and GSH-triggered release of PTX.
FTIR product study of the Cl-initiated oxidation products of CFC replacements: (E/Z)-1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene and hexafluoroisobutylene
Authors: Rivela Cynthia B. , Gibilisco Rodrigo G. , Tovar Carmen M. , Barnes Ian , Wiesen Peter , Blanco María B. , Teruel Mariano A.
Published: April 2021

An experimental product distribution study and the atmospheric implications of the reactions of Cl with two fluorinated alkenes is provided.
Exploring Cu/Al cluster growth and reactivity: from embryonic building blocks to intermetalloid, open-shell superatoms
Authors: Schütz Max , Gemel Christian , Muhr Maximilian , Jandl Christian , Kahlal Samia , Saillard Jean-Yves , Fischer Roland A.
Published: April 2021

Cu/Al cluster growth reactions leading to open- and closed-shell superatoms are investigated. Therein, LIFDI-MS is presented as a powerful technique for the in situ detection of cluster identities and reactivity patterns.
Enhancing hydrogen production by photobiocatalysis through Rhodopseudomonas palustris coupled with conjugated polymers
Authors: Wang Zijuan , Gao Dong , Geng Hao , Xing Chengfen
Published: April 2021

Herein, a feasible and simple bio-hybrid complex based on water-soluble conjugated polymers and Rhodopseudomonas palustris (R. palustris), one kind of photosynthetic bacteria, was constructed for enhancing photocatalytic hydrogen production.
An iterative MPD‐CNN structure for massive MIMO detection under correlated noise channels
Authors: Zhang Zufan , Zhang Di , Yan Xiaoqin , Gan Chenquan , Zhu Qingyi
Published: April 2021

In massive multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) systems, most of the existing detection work mainly assumes that the channel is the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). However, this assumption is difficult to apply to practical communication scenarios. To this end, this paper proposes a message passing detection (MPD) algorithm with a convolutional neural network (CNN) (denoted as iterative MPD‐CNN structure) under correlated noise channels, which is helpful to solve the issue of detection performance degradation in non‐ideal AWGN channels. Firstly, the MPD algorithm based on the channel hardening phenomenon is used to initially estimate the transmitted signal, and then the CNN is concatenated to remove the estimation error for obtaining more accurate channel noise, which provides a beneficial noise distribution for the MPD algorithm. Finally, the theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed iterative MPD‐CNN structure can improve the detection performance in conditions of correlated noise channels and fewer antennas. Compared with the traditional MPD algorithm, its detection performance is more superior.
Contrastive learning of graph encoder for accelerating pedestrian trajectory prediction training
Authors: Yao Zonggui , Yu Jun , Ding Jiajun
Published: April 2021

In the area of pedestrian trajectory prediction, the hybrid structures of temporal feature extractor or spatial feature extractor have paved the way for the precise prediction model, and they are in larger and larger scale. Learning of specific feature encoding model not only influenced by the structure of the network, but also by the learning manners such as supervised learning and unsupervised learning. Previous works concentrated on more comprehensive encoders and more delicate designs of feature extractors. However, the mutual influence factors from the neighbour pedestrians associate with the distance to the centre pedestrian seldomly noticed. Most of the existed feature extractors in prediction models trained in the way of supervised learning other than unsupervised manners caused the problem that the extracted features are always handcrafted without the natural distinction of obscure situations. The graph contrastive accelerating encoder is proposed, which accelerates the pedestrian trajectory prediction training process of the state of the art method of spatio‐temporal graph transformer networks. Employing the unsupervised contrastive learning process and the graph of neighbours representing distance affection of nearest and farthest pedestrian to the centre pedestrian, the graph contrastive accelerating encoder significantly shrinked the training time. Holding the final performance on to state of the art level, the proposed method let the lowest pedestrian trajectory prediction error show up in the obviously earlier training steps.
A general method for radiated emission prediction in a multiple monopole source stirred reverberation chamber
Authors: De Leo Alfredo , Cerri Graziano , Russo Paola , Mariani Primiani Valter
Published: April 2021

This paper presents a general and quasi‐analytical method aimed at reconstructing the electric field radiated by equipment under test (EUT), in free space through the knowledge of the values of the electric field sampled on the walls of a rectangular metallic enclosure. The algorithm is based on a set of equivalent magnetic and electric currents, regularly placed in a sub volume of the chamber, whose values are determined to reconstruct the electric field due to the EUT on the samples. Results show that the method is general because it can be applied to a wide set of EUTs, but it is also flexible because it is able to exploit some a priori knowledge of the source to improve its accuracy and efficiency.
New constraints on the planetary system around the young active star AU Mic
Authors: Martioli E. , Hébrard G. , Correia A. C. M. , Laskar J. , Lecavelier des Etangs A.
Published: April 2021

AU Microscopii (AU Mic) is a young, active star whose transiting planet was recently detected. Here, we report our analysis of its TESS light curve, where we modeled the BY Draconis type quasi-periodic rotational modulation by starspots simultaneously to the flaring activity and planetary transits. We measured a flare occurrence rate in AU Mic of 6.35 flares per day for flares with amplitudes in the range of 0.06% < fmax < 1.5% of the star flux. We employed a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis to model the five transits of AU Mic b observed by TESS, improving the constraints on the planetary parameters. The measured planet-to-star effective radius ratio of Rp∕R⋆ = 0.0496 ± 0.0007 implies a physical radius of 4.07 ± 0.17 R⊕ and a planet density of 1.4 ± 0.4 g cm−3, confirming that AU Mic b is a Neptune-size moderately inflated planet. While a single feature possibly due to a second planet was previously reported in the former TESS data, we report the detection of two additional transit-like events in the new TESS observations of July 2020. This represents substantial evidence for a second planet (AU Mic c) in the system. We analyzed its three available transits and obtained an orbital period of 18.859019 ± 0.000016 d and a planetary radius of 3.24 ± 0.16 R⊕, which defines AU Mic c as a warm Neptune-size planet with an expected mass in the range of 2.2 M⊕ <  Mc < 25.0 M⊕, estimated from the population of exoplanets of similar sizes. The two planets in the AU Mic system are in near 9:4 mean-motion resonance. We show that this configuration is dynamically stable and should produce transit-timing variations (TTV). Our non-detection of significant TTV in AU Mic b suggests an upper limit for the mass of AU Mic c of <7 M⊕, indicating that this planet is also likely to be inflated. As a young multi-planet system with at least two transiting planets, AU Mic becomes a key system for the study of atmospheres of infant planets and of planet-planet and planet-disk dynamics at the early stages of planetary evolution.
Fluorene-Based Multicomponent Reactions
Authors: Dömling Alexander , Neochoritis Constantinos G. , Lei Xiaofang , Thomaidi Maria , Angeli Giasemi K.
Published: April 2021

Fluorene and fluorenone are privileged structures with extensive utility in both materials science and drug discovery. Here, we describe syntheses of those moieties through isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions (IMCRs) and the incorporation of the products in diverse and complex derivatives that can be further utilized. We performed six different IMCRs, based on the dual functionality of 9-isocyano-9H-fluorene, and we describe 23 unprecedented adducts.
Artroplastia do ombro no tratamento das fraturas da extremidade proximal do úmero: Conceitos atuais
Authors: Filho Geraldo da Rocha Motta , Amaral Marcus Vinícius Galvão
Published: April 2021

Fraturas complexas da extremidade proximal do úmero, especialmente em idosos, frequentemente necessitam de tratamento cirúrgico artroplástico. Tradicionalmente, a hemiartroplastia (HA) do ombro é o método de escolha, com longa sobrevida do implante, e oferece um ombro indolor, mas com resultados clínicos heterogêneos, relacionados ao correto posicionamento do implante quanto à altura e à versão, além da consolidação anatômica dos tubérculos. Atualmente, a utilização de artroplastias reversas do ombro para o tratamento dessas fraturas vêm aumentando exponencialmente, com melhores resultados funcionais do que as HAs, principalmente quanto à flexão anterior, apesar de a longevidade do implante ainda não ter sido estabelecida. O desenvolvimento de componentes umerais protéticos específicos para o tratamento de fraturas, introduzidos na prática clínica nos últimos anos, levou a resultados clínicos melhores.
Preservar ou substituir a patela durante a artroplastia total de joelho: Estudo comparativo
Authors: De Campos Júnior Larry Rodrigues , Sbalqueiro Guilherme Norberto , Ayala Ruben Amancio Rojas , Lopes Junior Osmar Valadão , Saggin Paulo Renato Fernandes , Kuhn Andre
Published: April 2021

Objetivo Avaliar e comparar clínica e funcionalmente pacientes submetidos a artroplastia total primária do joelho (ATJ) com preservação ou substituição da patela.

Métodos Em um estudo transversal, foram avaliados e comparados os resultados funcionais, usando escores de Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC, na sigla em inglês) e Lequesne, de 158 pacientes submetidos a artroplastia total primária o joelho (162 joelhos), sendo que em 81 joelhos a patela foi submetida a artroplastia e em 81 a superfície articular da patela foi preservada.

Resultados Não foram identificadas diferenças significativas quanto ao escore de Lequesne (p = 0,585), escore global de WOMAC (p = 0,169), nem quanto às subdivisões deste quanto a rigidez (p = 0,796) e a capacidade funcional ( p= 0,190). Evidenciou-se diferença significativa apenas quanto à subdivisão que avalia a dor no escore de WOMAC, sendo menor no grupo submetido a artroplastia patelar (p = 0,036).

Conclusão No presente estudo, não houve diferença na avaliação funcional em pacientes submetidos a substituição ou não da patela durante a cirurgia de artroplastia primária do joelho. Entretanto, os indivíduos nos quais a patela foi preservada relataram mais dor.
Trombose venosa profunda após uma fratura supracondilar do úmero em uma criança – Uma complicação rara
Authors: Ferrão Ana Moreira , Fernandes Pedro , Wircker Patrícia , Catarino Joana , Arcângelo Joana , Ovídio Joana
Published: April 2021

Trombose venosa profunda nas extremidades superiores é incomum, especialmente na população pediátrica e no ambiente do trauma. O diagnóstico é desafiador, devido a sua raridade, exigindo alto grau de suspeita.

Descrevemos um caso raro de trombose venosa úmera após uma fratura supracondilar deslocada do úmero em uma menina de 7 anos. Os fatores de risco para tromboembolismo e sequelas também são discutidos.

A detecção e o tratamento precoces são obrigatórios para evitar desfechos ruins, como tromboembolismo fatal.
Ruptura bilateral simultânea do tendão quadricipital em paciente portador de diabetes mellitus do tipo II após trauma de baixa energia: Relato de caso
Authors: Tavares Breno Almeida de Pinho , Antunes Leonardo Cortes , Guerrero Sara Johanna Sanchez , de Faria Ângelo José Nascif , Carvalho Renato Amorim , Amorim Rademack Duarte
Published: April 2021

A ruptura bilateral simultânea do tendão do quadríceps é uma lesão extremamente rara. Relatamos um caso desta lesão após trauma de baixa energia em paciente portador de diabetes mellitus do tipo II. O diagnóstico é essencialmente clínico, e requer tratamento precoce. Os dois joelhos foram abordados cirurgicamente no mesmo ato operatório. A reabilitação precoce é fundamental para a recuperação funcional adequada do joelho. O objetivo deste relato foi descrever um caso atípico deste tipo de lesão após trauma mínimo, bem como detalhar a técnica cirúrgica utilizada para o tratamento.
Hemangioma intramuscular: Uma causa rara de Omalgia
Authors: Guedes Pedro M. , Saldanha Nuno A. , Matos Pedro M. , Carvalho Francisco S. , Veiga Graça , Norton Pedro
Published: April 2021

Os hemangiomas intramusculares (HIs) são tumores benignos de tecidos moles que representam menos de 1% de todos os hemangiomas. Esta entidade clínica raramente é considerada como diagnóstico diferencial nos casos de dor musculoesquelética. Uma paciente do sexo feminino, de 38 anos de idade, saudável, se apresentou ao nosso consultório com queixa de omalgia esquerda, com 8 meses de evolução, que limitava suas atividades diárias. Ela relatou o aparecimento de tumefação 4 meses antes da consulta. A paciente estava medicada com analgésico e antiinflamatório sem melhoria clínica. Ao exame objetivo, ela apresentava limitação da abdução do ombro esquerdo (0–90°). A paciente foi submetida a uma ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM) na qual foi detectada uma formação nodular bem circunscrita no músculo deltoide,. Em seguida, foi realizada uma biópsia que confirmou o diagnóstico de hemangioma. A paciente foi então encaminhada para a realização de escleroterapia. Os HIs normalmente são observados em pacientes jovens. O exame padrão-ouro para o diagnóstico é a RNM, que muitas vezes torna a realização de biópsia desnecessária. Em muitos casos, os HIs são assintomáticos e tendem a involuir com o tempo. Apesar da baixa frequência desta entidade clínica, é importante colocá-la como hipótese de diagnóstico em casos de dor crônica dos membros em pacientes jovens com má resposta terapêutica a antiinflamatórios e analgesia.
Uma causa incomum de dor posterior no joelho: degeneração mucóide do ligamento cruzado anterior – Relato de caso
Authors: Marques Fabiano da Silva , Alves Pedro Bezzan Rodrigues , Zelada Sandro , Nunes Rodrigo Pereira da Silva , Alves Wilson Mello , Campos Gustavo Constantino de
Published: April 2021

A degeneração mucoide do ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) é uma causa pouco frequente de dor na região posterior do joelho, de patofisiologia desconhecida e subdiagnosticada. A melhor modalidade de tratamento ainda está em discussão. A ressecção da lesão com desbridamento parcial do LCA tem apresentado bons resultados, sem a ocorrência de instabilidade. Os autores apresentam um caso de degeneração mucoide do LCA tratado com ressecção da degeneração mucoide e desbridamento parcial do LCA por artroscopia.
Resultados da transferência do grande dorsal alongado com enxerto tendíneo homólogo por via delto-peitoral para lesões póstero-superiores irreparáveis do manguito rotador
Authors: Miyazaki Alberto Naoki , Checchia Caio Santos , Fonseca Filho João Manoel , Rosa João Roberto Polydoro , Val Sella Guilherme do , Silva Luciana Andrade da
Published: April 2021

Objetivo O objetivo primário do presente trabalho é avaliar os resultados funcionais de uma modificação na transferência do grande dorsal no ombro para o tratamento de lesões póstero-superiores irreparáveis do manguito rotador. O objetivo secundário é avaliar as variáveis que podem influenciar os resultados.

Técnica cirúrgica Por meio de uma única abordagem deltopeitoral, o tendão do músculo grande dorsal é desinserido reforçado e alongado com um enxerto tendíneo homólogo, transferido para o úmero e fixado em posição superolateral ao tubérculo maior e anterior ao músculo subescapular.

Métodos Avaliação funcional retrospectiva de 16 casos. O período médio de acompanhamento foi de 21 meses (12–47 meses). Os resultados pós-operatórios (no último acompanhamento) foram comparados aos pré-operatórios, bem como a outras variáveis pré, intra e pós-operatórias.

Resultados Todos os pacientes ficaram satisfeitos (exceto um). A pontuação média da University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) aumentou de 11,6 (8–16) para 27,3 (17–30) (p < 0,001). A dor, a função e a força do ombro apresentaram melhora estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,001). A força, porém, não voltou ao valor normal. A amplitude de movimento ativa média apresentou as seguintes melhoras: elevação frontal, de 106° (60–140°) para 145° (130–160°) (p < 0,001); rotação externa, de 30° (0–60°) para 54° (40–70°) (p < 0,001); e rotação interna, de L1 (glúteo a T7) para T10 (T12–T3) (p < 0,05). Nenhuma complicação foi observada. A pseudoparesia pré-operatória foi revertida em todos os seis casos em que foi observada. Nenhuma das variáveis analisadas influenciou os desfechos, nem mesmo a pseudoparesia.

Conclusões A curto prazo essa técnica é segura e eficaz na recuperação da pseudoparesia e na melhora da dor, da função e da força do ombro.
BMP-4, TGF-β e Smad3 como moduladores da viabilidade das células do líquido sinovial
Authors: Sousa Eduardo Branco de , Moura Neto Vivaldo , Aguiar Diego Pinheiro
Published: April 2021

Objetivo Nosso objetivo foi avaliar a modulação das células do líquido sinovial (SFCs, na sigla em inglês) de pacientes com e sem osteoartrite (OA) por proteína morfogenética óssea 4 (BMP-4), Smad3 e transformador do fator de crescimento β (TGF-β).

Métodos O do líquido sinovial foi coletado de pacientes submetidos a artroscopia ou artroplastia do joelho, e centrifugados para isolar as células do liquido sinovial. As células foram cultivadas por 21 dias e caracterizadas como células-tronco mesenquimais (MSCs, na sigla em inglês) de acordo com os critérios da International Society of Cell Therapy. Em seguida, realizamos um ensaio de brometo de 3-4,5-dimetil-tiazol-2-il-2,5-difeniltetrazólio (MTT) depois de expor células com e sem OA para TGF-β, inibidores de via Smad3 e BMP-4 e para diferentes concentrações de BMP-4.

Resultados A exposição aos inibidores TGF-β, Smad3 e BMP-4 modifica a atividade mitocondrial das SFCs. A atividade das SFCs é modificada por influências sobre o aumento das concentrações de BMP-4, mas não há diferença na atividade celular entre pacientes com e sem OA.

Conclusão TGF-β, Smad3 e BMP-4 modulam a atividade das SFCs de pacientes com e sem OA do joelho.
Perfil epidemiológico e clínico dos pacientes submetidos a artroplastia total do joelho
Authors: Loures Fabrício Bolpato , Góes Rogério Franco de Araújo , Gusmão Caio Veloso , Albuquerque Rodrigo Sattamini Pires e , Labronici Pedro José
Published: April 2021

Objetivo Definir o perfil epidemiológico e as comorbidades associadas dos pacientes submetidos à artroplastia total do joelho (ATJ) em dois hospitais de referência.

Métodos Durante o estudo observacional transversal, foram avaliados 294 pacientes submetidos à ATJ em 2 hospitais de atenção terciária. Coletou-se, por entrevista direta, o diagnóstico das comorbidades auto-relatadas. Foram calculados o índice de comorbidades funcionais (do inglês Functional Comorbidity Index, FCI) e o índice modificado de cinco fatores de fragilidade (do inglês 5-Factor Modified Frailty Index, mFI-5). Avaliou-se a incidência das comorbidades e a relação destas com os índices calculados.

Resultados A maioria dos pacientes da amostra foram mulheres (p = 0,000) entre a sétima e oitava décadas de vida. A hipertensão arterial sistêmica foi a patologia mais comum, seguida de obesidade e diabetes mellitus. O ICF apresentou uma relação direta com sexo feminino (p = 0,038) e a obesidade (p < 0,001). O mFI-5 apresentou relação somente com a obesidade (p = 0,022), e demonstrou uma chance maior de complicações nesse grupo.

Conclusão Os pacientes submetidos à ATJ são essencialmente portadores de comorbidades clínicas que podem influenciar negativamente os resultados funcionais e comprometer a segurança do procedimento. A identificação dos fatores de risco pode contribuir para a segurança e melhor seleção dos candidatos a ATJ.
Circulating Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans as Biomarkers in Health and Disease
Authors: Lepedda Antonio Junior , Nieddu Gabriele , Piperigkou Zoi , Kyriakopoulou Konstantina , Karamanos Nikolaos , Formato Marilena
Published: April 2021

Cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) play key roles in regulating cell behavior, cell signaling, and cell matrix interactions in both physiological and pathological conditions. Their soluble forms from glycocalyx shedding are not merely waste products, but, rather, bioactive molecules, detectable in serum, which may be useful as diagnostic and prognostic markers. In addition, as in the case of glypican-3 in hepatocellular carcinoma, they may be specifically expressed by pathological tissue, representing promising targets for immunotherapy. The primary goal of this comprehensive review is to critically survey the main findings of the clinical data from the last 20 years and provide readers with an overall picture of the diagnostic and prognostic value of circulating HSPGs. Moreover, issues related to the involvement of HSPGs in various pathologies, including cardiovascular disease, thrombosis, diabetes and obesity, kidney disease, cancer, trauma, sepsis, but also multiple sclerosis, preeclampsia, pathologies requiring surgery, pulmonary disease, and others will be discussed.
Development of Molecules Antagonizing Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans
Authors: Gerlza Tanja , Trojacher Christina , Kitic Nikola , Adage Tiziana , Kungl Andreas J.
Published: April 2021

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) occur in almost every tissue of the human body and consist of a protein core, with covalently attached glycosaminoglycan polysaccharide chains. These glycosaminoglycans are characterized by their polyanionic nature, due to sulfate and carboxyl groups, which are distributed along the chain. These chains can be modified by different enzymes at varying positions, which leads to huge diversity of possible structures with the complexity further increased by varying chain lengths. According to their location, HSPGs are divided into different families, the membrane bound, the secreted extracellular matrix, and the secretory vesicle family. As members of the extracellular matrix, they take part in cell–cell communication processes on many levels and with different degrees of involvement. Of particular therapeutic interest is their role in cancer and inflammation as well as in infectious diseases. In this review, we give an overview of the current status of medical approaches to antagonize HSPG function in pathology.
Defining Data Migration Across Multidisciplinary Ambulatory Clinics Using Participatory Design
Authors: MacKenzie Brianne , Anaya Gabriel , Hu Jinwei , Brickman Arlen , Elkin Peter L. , Panesar Mandip
Published: April 2021

Objective This study aimed to develop an institutional approach for defining data migration based on participatory design principles.

Methods We outline a collaborative approach to define data migration as part of an electronic health record (EHR) transition at an urban hospital with 20 ambulatory clinics, based on participatory design. We developed an institution-specific list of data for migration based on physician end-user feedback. In this paper, we review the project planning phases, multidisciplinary governance, and methods used.

Results Detailed data migration feedback was obtained from 90% of participants. Depending on the specialty, requests for historical laboratory values ranged from 2 to as many as 145 unique laboratory types. Lookback periods requested by physicians varied and were ultimately assigned to provide the most clinical data. This clinical information was then combined to synthesize an overall proposed data migration request on behalf of the institution.

Conclusion Institutions undergoing an EHR transition should actively involve physician end-users and key stakeholders. Physician feedback is vital for developing a clinically relevant EHR environment but is often difficult to obtain. Challenges include physician time constraints and overall knowledge about health information technology. This study demonstrates how a participatory design can serve to improve the clinical end-user's understanding of the technical aspects of an EHR implementation, as well as enhance the outcomes of such projects.
Fraturas atípicas do fêmur associadas ao uso crônico de bisfosfonatos: Uma série de casos de 66 pacientes
Authors: Falotico Guilherme Guadagnini , Cunza Jose Fernando Flores , Ferreira Gabriel Ferraz , Oliveira Victor Otávio , Oksman Daniel , Arliani Gustavo Gonçalves
Published: April 2021

Objetivo Descrever os resultados de uma série de pacientes tratados cirurgicamente com diagnóstico de fratura femoral atípica associada ao uso de bisfosfonatos, assim como correlacionar o tempo de uso prévio da medicação com o tempo de consolidação da fratura e comparar o tempo de consolidação das fraturas completas e incompletas.

Métodos Trata-se de um estudo observacional e retrospectivo de 66 pacientes com diagnóstico de fratura atípica do fêmur associada ao uso crônico de bisfosfonatos. Os pacientes foram submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico ortopédico em hospital de referência no período de janeiro de 2018 a março de 2020.

Resultados Os pacientes incluídos no estudo eram todos do sexo feminino, com dois casos bilaterais. A consolidação da fratura ocorreu em todos os casos com tempo médio de 2,3 meses e seguimento de 5,8 meses. O tempo médio de uso de bisfosfonatos foi de 7,8 anos. Não houve correlação do tempo de uso prévio de bisfosfonatos com o tempo de consolidação das fraturas. Houve uma diferença do tempo de consolidação entre as fraturas completas e incompletas.

Conclusão Houve consolidação após tratamento cirúrgico com haste cefalomedular longa em todos os pacientes do presente estudo, sendo o tempo de consolidação maior nas fraturas completas em relação às incompletas, e não houve correlação entre o tempo de uso prévio de bisfosfonatos e o tempo de consolidação.

Nível de evidência Nível IV, série de casos
Management of Early Menopause/Premature Ovarian Insufficiency in Women with or at High Risk of Breast Cancer
Authors: Brennan Annabelle , Hickey Martha
Published: April 2021

The global incidence of breast cancer is increasing, as is the efficacy of treatments. Consequently, increasing survival rates reinforce the importance of survivorship issues, including posttreatment menopausal symptoms, sexual function, and mental health and well-being. Breast cancer patients can experience a range of menopausal symptoms associated with their treatment. Most commonly women may experience vasomotor symptoms, including hot flushes and night sweats. Particularly for women on maintenance tamoxifen therapy, up to 80% will experience hot flushes, with almost one-third of these women reporting severe symptoms. Breast cancer patients may also experience genitourinary symptoms of menopause, which may include vaginal dryness and irritation, dyspareunia, and dysuria. Hormonal therapy has long been established as the most effective treatment for vasomotor symptoms. However, the hormonal nature of breast malignancies renders systemic hormone therapies unsuitable for these patients, posing a unique treatment challenge, which may result in clinicians not feeling confident to manage them. Consequently, this review outlines pharmacological and nonpharmacological options for women with bothersome menopausal symptoms after breast cancer treatment and provides practical, evidence-based guidance for clinicians.
Synchronizing gas injections and time-resolved data acquisition for perturbation-enhanced APXPS experiments
Authors: Redekop Evgeniy A. , Johansson Niclas , Kokkonen Esko , Urpelainen Samuli , Lopes da Silva Felipe , Kaipio Mikko , Nieminen Heta-Elisa , Rehman Foqia , Miikkulainen Ville , Ritala Mikko , Olsbye Unni
Published: April 2021

An experimental approach is described in which well-defined perturbations of the gas feed into an Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (APXPS) cell are fully synchronized with the time-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data acquisition. These experiments unlock new possibilities for investigating the properties of materials and chemical reactions mediated by their surfaces, such as those in heterogeneous catalysis, surface science, and coating/deposition applications. Implementation of this approach, which is termed perturbation-enhanced APXPS, at the SPECIES beamline of MAX IV Laboratory is discussed along with several experimental examples including individual pulses of N2 gas over a Au foil, a multi-pulse titration of oxygen vacancies in a pre-reduced TiO2 single crystal with O2 gas, and a sequence of alternating precursor pulses for atomic layer deposition of TiO2 on a silicon wafer substrate.
Spectrally resolved polarization angle across the motional Stark effect spectrum
Authors: Victor B. S. , Allen S. L. , Holcomb C. T. , Samuell C. , Thorman A.
Published: April 2021

A new diagnostic technique has been developed that couples a spectrometer and an image-intensified camera into the traditional motional Stark effect (MSE) system on DIII-D. The image-intensified camera syncs with the photo-elastic modulators to spectrally resolve the Stokes parameters across the Stark multiplet. Polarization dependent phase shift, likely from a plasma facing mirror, leads to the spectropolarimeter measuring a variation in the polarization angle across the MSE spectrum of ∼8°.