bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regional Differences in Innovation Activities of Industrial Enterprises in Poland
Authors: Stępniak-Kucharska Anna
Published: September 2014

The aim of this paper is to examine regional differences in innovation activities of Polish enterprises in 2004-2010 on the basis of statistical data published by the CSO. The survey covered such issues as: expenditures on innovation activities (level and structure), the share of innovation-active enterprises, the types of innovations, as well as the objectives and effects of innovation policy. The analysis shows that: the level of innovativeness of the Polish economy is still underdeveloped, the innovation structure is wrong (companies allocate most of their funds in the purchase of fixed assets, and only about 10% on R&D), Polish companies are selling too few (and ever fewer) innovative products. The disparities between the expenditure on innovative activities in different voivodeships are significant. Three groups of voivodeships can be distinguished – highly innovative (Lower Silesian, Masovian, Pomeranian, Silesian), moderately innovative, and poorly innovative (Podlaskie, Swietokrzyskie, Warmian-Masurian, Lubush, Opolskie and West Pomeranian). In addition, the disparities between the most and least innovative voivodeships are increasing.
A very different kind of nursing
Authors: Reyes Selina
Published: September 2014

Selina Reyes looks back on her latest placement, this time in the fast-moving world of accident and emergency. She explains why, despite initially feeling out of her depth in unfamiliar situations, she would relish the chance to go back
Beefing up the legal powers of the Care Quality Commission
Authors: Tingle John
Published: September 2014

John Tingle discusses the Department of Health's proposed new regulations setting out fundamental standards for the quality of health care, and a much stronger approach to enforcement
The Kock pouch reconsidered: an alternative surgical technique
Authors: Crawshaw Alison , Williams Julia , Woodhouse Fran
Published: September 2014

The psychological impact stoma surgery can have on an individual is well documented within the literature ( White and Hunt, 1997 ; Borwell, 2009 ; Williams, 2005 ; Brown, 2005 ). For many years, surgeons have explored and developed innovations in surgical techniques, in particular restorative procedures with a view of preventing permanent stoma formation; ileal anal pouch (IAP) now being the surgical procedure of choice for treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). However, high morbidity rates are associated with pouch longevity ( Castillo et al 2005 ; Nessar and Wu, 2012 ) and once removed can lead to a high-output ileostomy with risks of electrolyte imbalance and malabsorption. This then creates the dilemma of whether the Kock pouch (KP) should be offered as a surgical option. This article offers a historical perspective of the KP and its place in the surgical management of UC and FAP. This article also presents results from a recent audit funded by the Ileostomy Association (IA), highlighting how patients manage their KP and the importance of maintaining bowel control and being free of an incontinent stoma as a means of coming to terms with their condition.
Knowledge of and attitudes towards palliative care among multinational nurses in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Abudari Gassan , Zahreddine Hassan , Hazeim Hassan , Assi Mohammad Al , Emara Sania
Published: September 2014

Background:

Palliative care is not yet integrated into the health-care system in Saudi Arabia. King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre-Riyadh (KFSH&RC-Riyadh) is a tertiary care facility and regional cancer centre in Saudia Arabia with a highly multinational nursing workforce. Little is known about these nurses' knowledge of and attitudes towards palliative care.

Aim:

To determine the palliative care knowledge and attitudes of the nursing workforce of KFSH&RC-Riyadh and any influencing factors.

Method:

A questionnaire including demographic data, the Palliative Care Quiz for Nurses (PCQN), and Frommelt Attitude Toward Care of the Dying scale (FATCOD) was completed by 395 staff nurses from 19 countries.

Results:

The nurses scored a mean of 111.66 out of 150 on the FATCOD scale and of 9.06 out of 20 on the PCQN. These scores indicate moderate attitudes towards but a knowledge deficit regarding palliative care. The nurses' palliative care training and years of nursing experience significantly affected the scores. The level of palliative care integration in the nurses' home countries was the most significant factor in multiple regression tests.

Conclusion:

Palliative care integration into the health-care system of the country in which nurses train significantly influences their knowledge of and attitudes towards palliative care. Incorporating palliative care into nursing education might promote positive attitudes towards palliative care in nurses while enhancing their knowledge and skills.
Palliative care knowledge, attitudes and perceived self-competence of nurses working in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Ly Thuy , Yates Patsy , Osborne Yvonne
Published: September 2014

Aim:

To explore palliative care knowledge, attitudes and perceived self-competence of nurses working in oncology settings in Hanoi, Vietnam.

Method:

The study employed a cross-sectional descriptive survey design. The self-administered questionnaires consisted of three validated instruments: the Expertise and Insight Test for Palliative Care, the Attitude Toward Care of the Dying Scale B and the Palliative Care Nursing Self Competence Scale. The sample consisted of 251 nurses caring for cancer patients in three oncology hospitals in Vietnam.

Results:

The responses identified low scores in nurses' palliative care knowledge related to pain and other symptom management and psychological and spiritual aspects. Nurses' responses reflected discomfort in communicating about death and establishing therapeutic relationship with oncology patients who require palliative care. Additionally, nurses reported low scores in perceived self-competence when providing pain management and addressing social and spiritual domains of palliative care. The findings also revealed that nurses who had higher palliative care knowledge scores demonstrated attitudes which were more positive and expressed greater perceived self-competence.

Conclusion:

Nurses working in oncology wards need more education to develop their knowledge and skills of palliative care, especially in the areas of pain management, psychological and spiritual care, and communication.
Establishing a nurse practitioner collaborative: evolution, development, and outcomes
Authors: Quinn Karen , Hudson Peter
Published: September 2014

The first Australian palliative care nurse practitioner (NP) was endorsed in 2003. In 2009 the Victoria Department of Health funded the development of the Victorian Palliative Care Nurse Practitioner Collaborative (VPCNPC). Its aim was to promote the NP role, develop resources, and provide education and mentorship to NPs, nurse practitioner candidates (NPCs), and health service managers. Four key objectives were developed: identify the demographic profile of palliative care NPCs in Victoria; develop an education curriculum and practical resources to support the training and education of palliative care NPCs and NPs; provide mentorship to NPs, NPCs, and service managers; and ensure effective communication with all key stakeholders. An NPC survey was also conducted to explore NPC demographics, models of care, the hours of study required for the role, the mentoring process, and education needs. This paper reports on the establishment of the VPCNPC, the steps taken to achieve its objectives, and the results of the survey. The NP role in palliative care in Australia continues to evolve, and the VPCNPC provides a structure and resources to clearly articulate the benefits of the role to nursing and clinical services.
Recent developments in airway management
Authors: Williams Matthew , Cook Tim
Published: September 2014

Most airway management in anaesthesia is safe, but infrequent disasters still occur and these were brought into focus by the 4th National Audit Project (NAP4) of the Royal College of Anaesthetists and Difficult Airway Society (DAS) ( Cook et al, 2011a ). Advances in airway management have included continued development of new devices in the last few years. Second-generation supraglottic airway devices, videolaryngoscopes and equipment for emergency surgical airway are the most notable. The complications associated with the use of some devices (e.g. airway exchange catheters) have been brought into focus. Safe airway management has also been supported by an increasing understanding of the human factors involved in successful, and unsuccessful, airway management and by the introduction of guidelines (particularly those of the Difficult Airway Society). This article reviews all these topics and other recent advances.
Designing the optimal leaflet for patients
Authors: Moor Chris
Published: September 2014

Patient leaflets can provide an invaluable tool for guiding a patient through their procedure. Studies have shown that when properly constructed, leaflets can help to reduce patient anxiety, improve the patient experience, and reduce both postoperative pain and hospitalisation. They can also aid the process of informed consent. This article aims to review current research on both the design and content of patient leaflets with particular reference to patients undergoing cataract surgery. It then goes on to propose a design for a leaflet for this patient group, using current thinking. This is presented as a copyright-free template which could be used for this patient group or adapted for other procedures.
Manufacturing Optimization of Wet Noodle Added with Leaf Powder of Freeze-dried Cirsium setidens Nakai
Authors: Park Hae Youn , Kim Byong Ki
Published: September 2014

A study was conducted for optimization of the process for the manufacture of raw noodle added with leaf powder of Cirsium setidens Nakai, which is rich in various minerals and dietary fibers along with intrinsic antioxidative properties. The level of leaf powder, water content, and kneading time of the dough were selected as three major factors affecting quality of the product. Quality parameters of the product such as color, texture, water absorption ratio, volume, turbidity of cooking water, and sensory evaluation result were analyzed as dependent variables. Doptimum design of the complete RSM analyses was adopted for designing the optimum noodle manufacturing procedure. Ranges of the independent variables as determined through preliminary experimental work were level of leaf powder, 2-9% (w/w, wheat flour); moisture content, 40-50%; and kneading time, 7-20 min. Within the given ranges of these independent variables, 18 experimental points included in four repetitive runs were obtained for the analyses. The optimum conditions that together satisfy the quality parameters of the raw noodle, as based on the numerical and graphical statistical analyses, were amount of leaf powder, 5.76%; water content, 42.52%; and kneading time 13.86 min. The complete RSM analysis for manufacture of the high quality raw noodle with an added ingredient is suitable for similar application to other products in the industry.
Constructing the meaning of filial responsibility: choice and obligation in the accounts of adult children
Authors: Funk Laura
Published: September 2014

This article reports findings from an interpretive study of filial responsibility constructions among 28 adult children with ageing parents in Victoria, Canada. Participants were interviewed in person and data were analysed using coding and constant comparison, with attention to the content and process of talk. Participants tended to have difficulty with using the construct of responsibility to describe the support they provided for ageing parents. Ambivalence was tied to symbolic associations of the construct with obligation and burden, which were difficult to reconcile with interpretations of filial relationships as loving and moral, and participants’ desires to construct themselves as autonomous. Participants also sought to interpret parent support as voluntary, yet the ideal of choice was difficult to reconcile with specific realities. The discussion highlights how the interpretive framework of choice may further inadvertently support political and economic goals that promote and increase the need for family care of older people.
Familial solidarity and orientation and life enjoyment in later life, in urban areas of Malaysia, the Philippines and Singapore
Authors: Leeson George W
Published: September 2014

This article reports on analyses of familial solidarity and orientation and life enjoyment among 40- to 79-year-olds in urban areas of Malaysia, the Philippines and Singapore. Social, familial and personal factors affecting life enjoyment are analysed along with attitudes to familial solidarity and orientation in later life. Data are drawn from the Global Ageing Survey (GLAS), which includes approximately 1,000 people aged 40 to 79 from each country studied in this article. The results show that familial solidarity and orientation and life enjoyment are inversely affected by the pace of demographic change and economic development and by opportunity variables differently.
Zonula Occludens-1, Occludin and E-cadherin Expression and Organization in Salivary Glands with Sjögren’s Syndrome
Authors: Mellas Rachel E. , Leigh Noel J. , Nelson Joel W. , McCall Andrew D. , Baker Olga J.
Published: September 2014

Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder that causes secretory dysfunction of the salivary glands leading to dry mouth. Previous studies reported that tight junction (TJ) proteins are down-regulated and lose polarity in human minor salivary glands with SS, suggesting that TJ structure is compromised in SS patients. In this paper, we utilized the NOD/ShiLtJ mouse with the main goal of evaluating this model for future TJ research. We found that the organization of apical proteins in areas proximal and distal to lymphocytic infiltration remained intact in mouse and human salivary glands with SS. These areas looked comparable to control glands (i.e., with no lymphocytic infiltration). TJ staining was absent in areas of lymphocytic infiltration coinciding with the loss of salivary epithelium. Gene expression studies show that most TJs are not significantly altered in 20-week-old NOD/ShiLtJ mice as compared with age-matched C57BL/6 controls. Protein expression studies revealed that the TJ proteins, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin, claudin-12, as well as E-cadherin, do not significantly change in NOD/ShiLtJ mice. Our results suggest that ZO-1, occludin and E-cadherin are not altered in areas without lymphocytic infiltration. However, future studies will be necessary to test the functional aspect of these results.
Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9): Lessons Learned from Patients with Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Awan Zuhier , Baass Alexis , Genest Jacques
Published: September 2014

BACKGROUND

Identification of the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) as the third gene causing familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and understanding its complex biology has led to the discovery of a novel class of therapeutic agents.

CONTENT

PCSK9 undergoes autocatalytic cleavage in the endoplasmic reticulum and enters the secretory pathway. The PCSK9 gene is under the regulatory control of sterol receptor binding proteins 1 and 2. Statins increase PCSK9 and this may modulate the response to this class of medications. In plasma, PCSK9 binds to the epidermal growth factor–like domain of the LDL receptor (LDL-R) on the cell and, once incorporated in the late endosomal pathway, directs the LDL-R toward lysosomal degradation rather than recycling to the plasma membrane. Thus, gain-of-function PCSK9 mutations lead to an FH phenotype, whereas loss-of-function mutations are associated with increased LDL-R–mediated endocytosis of LDL particles and lower LDL cholesterol in plasma. Inhibition of PCSK9 is thus an attractive therapeutic target. Presently, this is achieved by using monoclonal antibodies for allosteric inhibition of the PCSK9–LDL-R interaction. Phase 2 and 3 clinical trials in patients with moderate and severe hypercholesterolemia (including FH) show that this approach is safe and highly efficacious to lower LDL-C and lipoprotein(a).

PCSK9 has other biological roles observed in vitro and in animal studies, including viral entry into the cell, insulin resistance, and hepatic tissue repair. Given the potential number of humans exposed to this novel class of medications, careful evaluation of clinical trial results is warranted.
Flexible foiled dielectrics: classification and analysis of ways for application and improvement
Authors: Vorobyev A. V. , Zhora V. D.
Published: September 2014

The paper presents a classification of flexible foiled dielectrics of different types. A comparative analysis of the properties of dielectrics manufactured with the use of adhesives, as well as without them, is given. Methods for the preparation of flexible foiled non-adhesive dielectrics, materials of conductive layer and a dielectric base are considered. The technical characteristics of the various polymer films used as a dielectric base are given. The advantages of the polyimide films in comparison with other polymer films are shown.
The most perspective option of manufacturing of non-adhesive foiled dielectrics based on polyimide obtained by applying of a polyimide lacquer on metal foil, the so-called lacquer-foil dielectrics, is highlighted. The technology of manufacturing of lacquer-foil dielectrics with higher quality characteristics is described. The polyimide base of dielectrics has better adhesion to the foil and guaranteed uniformity of degree of imidization of 95—100%. The technology developed has allowed to carry out serial production of materials for electronic equipment. Series of lacquer-foil dielectrics of different thicknesses of foil is manufactured: aluminum — 10, 14, 20, 25 and 30 µm, nickel — 7 µm and copper — 18, 35, 50 µm. These materials are used for the manufacturing of flexible polyimide carriers, stubs, microcables, membranes of acoustic transducers and thermistors.
Microwave energy attenuators on the basis of aluminum nitride with high level of microwave energy absorption
Authors: Chasnyk V. I.
Published: September 2014

Results of experimental studies of aluminum nitride based composites with addition of silicon carbide and molybdenum having high microwave absorption are presented. The interconnection between high level of absorption and volume electrical resistance was observed: maximum absorption of 6.5±1,0 dB/mm corresponds to the electrical resistance of (4—5)·105 Ohm·m. Level of absorption of 3.5±0,5 dB/mm is revealed for the dielectric material with electrical conductivity of 1012 Ohm·m. The patterns detected during the study allow to predict the minimum and maximum levels of absorption of microwave energy in the two-phase composites based on aluminum nitride with molybdenum or silicon carbide, based on the measured volume of electrical resistance.
Coder and decoder of fractal signals of comb-type structure
Authors: Politanskyi R. L. , Veryga A. D.
Published: September 2014

The article presents a coder and decoder of fractal signals of comb-type structure (FSCS) based on microcontrollers (MC). The coder and decoder consist of identical control modules, while their managed modules have different schematic constructions. The control module performs forming or recognition of signals, and also carries out the function of information exchange with a computer. The basic element of the control module is a PIC18F2550 microcontroller from MicroChip. The coder of the system forms fractal signals of a given order according to the information bits coming from the computer. Samples of the calculated values of the amplitudes of elementary rectangular pulses that constitute the structure of fractal pulses are stored in the memory of the microcontroller as a table. Minimum bit capacity of the DAC necessary for the generation of FSCS of fourth order is four bits. The operation algorithm, "wired" into the controller of the program, provides for encoding of the transmitted information by two-bit symbols. Recognition of the start of transmission of each byte in communication channel is performed by the transmission of the timing signal.
In a decoder the microcontroller carries out reception and decoding of the received fractal signals which are then transmitted to the computer. The developed algorithm of the program for the microcontroller of the decoder is carried out by determination of order of fractal impulse after the value of sum of amplitudes of elementary impulses, constituents fractal signal.
The programs for coder and decoder are written in "C". In the most critical places of the program influencing on the fast-acting of chart “assembler” insertions are done.
The blocks of the coder and decoder were connected with a coaxial 10 meters long cable with an impendance of 75 Ohm. The signals generated by the developed coder of FSCS, were studied using a digital oscillograph. On the basis of the obtained spectrums, it is possible to draw a conclusion, that the fractal signals formed by the coder are wideband and can be used in noise-resistant and protected communication systems.
Fabrication, properties and application of Ge-on-GaAs thin nanoheterogeneous films
Authors: Venger E. F. , Lytvyn P. M. , Matveeva L. A. , Mitin V. F. , Kholevchuk V. V.
Published: September 2014

Ge thin films condensation in vacuum onto semiinsulating GaAs(100) substrates was investigated. The methods of atomic-force microscopy, optical spectroscopy, measurement of intrinsic mechanical stresses in film, and electronic properties were used for this investigation. It was found that it is possible to obtain thin nanoheterogeneous monocrystalline dislocation-free films with low intrinsic mechanical stresses and two-dimension percolation-type conductivity, as well as high temperature sensitivity that can be used for IR and electronics technologies.
Ionization annealing of semiconductor crystals. Part one: theoretical background
Authors: Garkavenko A. S. , Mokritskii V. A. , Banzak O. V. , Zavadskii V. A.
Published: September 2014

During irradiation of semiconductor crystals with powerful (high current) pulsed high-energy electron beams, a new type of annealing has been obtained. We could obtain new results and to find out physical nature of this phenomenon due to short and powerful bunches of electrons with high energy. Given its theoretical justification, the new annealing type has been called the "ionization annealing".
The Importance of the Presence of a 5′-Ribonucleotide and the Contribution of the T1R1 + T1R3 Heterodimer and an Additional Low-Affinity Receptor in the Taste Detection of l-Glutamate as Assessed Psychophysically
Authors: Smith Kimberly R. , Spector Alan C.
Published: September 2014

The molecular receptors underlying the purported “umami” taste quality commonly associated withl-glutamate have been controversial. Evidence supports the involvement of the T1R1 + T1R3 heterodimer, a GPCR broadly tuned tol-amino acids, but variants of two mGluRs expressed in taste buds have also been implicated. Using a rigorous psychophysical taste-testing paradigm, we demonstrated impaired, if not eliminated, detection of MSG in WT and T1R1, T1R2, T1R3, and T1R2 + T1R3 KO mice when the contribution of sodium was minimized by the epithelial sodium channel blocker amiloride. When inosine 5′-monophosphate (IMP), a ribonucleotide that potentiates thel-glutamate signal through the T1R1 + T1R3 heterodimer, was added, the WT and T1R2 KO mice were able to detect the compound stimulus across all MSG (+amiloride) concentrations due, in part, to the taste of IMP. In contrast, mice lacking T1R1 or T1R3 could not detect IMP alone, yet some were able to detect MSG + amiloride + IMP, but only at the higher MSG concentrations. Interestingly, the sensitivity of T1R1 KO mice to anotherl-amino acid, lysine, was unimpaired, suggesting that somel-amino acids can be detected through T1R1 + T1R3-independent receptors without sensitivity loss. Given that IMP is not thought to affect mGluRs, behavioral detection ofl-glutamate appears to require the contribution of the T1R1 + T1R3 receptor. However, the partial competence observed in some T1R1 and T1R3 KO mice when MSG + amiloride + IMP was tested suggests that a T1R1 or T1R3 homodimer or an unidentified protein, perhaps in conjunction with T1R1 or T1R3, can serve as a low-affinity taste receptor forl-glutamate in the presence of IMP.
Shifting Gears in Hippocampus: Temporal Dissociation between Familiarity and Novelty Signatures in a Single Event
Authors: Ben-Yakov Aya , Rubinson Mica , Dudai Yadin
Published: September 2014

The hippocampus is known to be involved in encoding and retrieval of episodes. However, real-life experiences are expected to involve both encoding and retrieval, and it is unclear how the human hippocampus subserves both functions in the course of a single event. We presented participants with brief movie clips multiple times and examined the effect of familiarity on the hippocampal response at event onset versus event offset. Increased familiarity resulted in a decreased offset response, indicating that the offset response is a novelty-related signature. The magnitude of this offset response was correlated, across hippocampal voxels, with an independent measure of successful encoding, based on nonrepeated clips. This suggests that the attenuated offset response to familiar clips reflects reduced encoding. In addition, the posterior hippocampus exhibited an increased onset response to familiar events, switching from an online familiarity signal to an offline novelty signal during a single event. Moreover, participants with stronger memory exhibited increased reactivation of online activity during familiar events, in line with a retrieval signature. Our results reveal a spatiotemporal dissociation between novelty/encoding and familiarity/retrieval signatures, assumed to reflect different computational modes, in response to the same stimulus.
An Anti-Neuroinflammatory That Targets Dysregulated Glia Enhances the Efficacy of CNS-Directed Gene Therapy in Murine Infantile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis
Authors: Macauley Shannon L. , Wong Andrew M.S. , Shyng Charles , Augner David P. , Dearborn Joshua T. , Pearse Yewande , Roberts Marie S. , Fowler Stephen C. , Cooper Jonathan D. , Watterson D. Martin , Sands Mark S.
Published: September 2014

Infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (INCL) is an inherited neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disease (LSD) caused by a deficiency in palmitoyl protein thioesterase-1 (PPT1). Studies inPpt1−/−mice demonstrate that glial activation is central to the pathogenesis of INCL. Astrocyte activation precedes neuronal loss, while cytokine upregulation associated with microglial reactivity occurs before and concurrent with neurodegeneration. Therefore, we hypothesized that cytokine cascades associated with neuroinflammation are important therapeutic targets for the treatment of INCL. MW01–2-151SRM (MW151) is a blood–brain barrier penetrant, small-molecule anti-neuroinflammatory that attenuates glial cytokine upregulation in models of neuroinflammation such as traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, and kainic acid toxicity. Thus, we used MW151, alone and in combination with CNS-directed, AAV-mediated gene therapy, as a possible treatment for INCL. MW151 alone decreased seizure susceptibility. When combined with AAV-mediated gene therapy, treated INCL mice had increased life spans, improved motor performance, and eradication of seizures. Combination-treated INCL mice also had decreased brain atrophy, astrocytosis, and microglial activation, as well as intermediary effects on cytokine upregulation. These data suggest that MW151 can attenuate seizure susceptibility but is most effective when used in conjunction with a therapy that targets the primary genetic defect.
Astrocytic Gq-GPCR-Linked IP3R-Dependent Ca2+Signaling Does Not Mediate Neurovascular Coupling in Mouse Visual CortexIn Vivo
Authors: Bonder Daniel E. , McCarthy Ken D.
Published: September 2014

Local blood flow is modulated in response to changing patterns of neuronal activity (Roy and Sherrington, 1890), a process termed neurovascular coupling. It has been proposed that the central cellular pathway driving this process is astrocytic Gq-GPCR-linked IP3R-dependent Ca2+signaling, thoughin vivotests of this hypothesis are largely lacking. We examined the impact of astrocytic Gq-GPCR and IP3R-dependent Ca2+signaling on cortical blood flow in awake, lightly sedated, responsive mice using multiphoton laser-scanning microscopy and novel genetic tools that enable the selective manipulation of astrocytic signaling pathwaysin vivo. Selective stimulation of astrocytic Gq-GPCR cascades and downstream Ca2+signaling with the hM3Dq DREADD (designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs) designer receptor system was insufficient to modulate basal cortical blood flow. We found no evidence of observable astrocyte endfeet Ca2+elevations following physiological visual stimulation despite robust dilations of adjacent arterioles using cyto-GCaMP3 and Lck-GCaMP6s, the most sensitive Ca2+indicator available. Astrocytic Ca2+elevations could be evoked when inducing the startle response with unexpected air puffs. However, startle-induced astrocytic Ca2+signals did not precede corresponding startle-induced hemodynamic changes. Further, neurovascular coupling was intact in lightly sedated, responsive mice genetically lacking astrocytic IP3R-dependent Ca2+signaling (IP3R2 KO). These data demonstrate that astrocytic Gq-GPCR-linked IP3R-dependent Ca2+signaling does not mediate neurovascular coupling in visual cortex of awake, lightly sedated, responsive mice.
Chemical Solution Based MoS2 Thin Film Deposition Based on Dimensional Reduction
Authors: Pan Changqing , Gao Zhongwei , Chang Chih-hung
Published: September 2014

As a promising transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC), molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has recently attracted a lot of attention due to its graphene-liked two dimensional layer structure, which leads to potential applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices. However, the fabrication of mono- or few-layer MoS2 is limited to ether liquid exfoliation or CVD, and the chemical solution deposition is limited to ammonium thiomolybdate-based precursor. In this paper, hydrazine-based dimensional reduction technique is applied in the chemical solution deposition of MoS2 thin-film, and a larger area uniform thin-film is obtained from bulk powder MoS2. This solution-based process could be applied with a variety coating techniques and lead to wafer level MoS2 thin film production.
Administration of medication to use when needed and the care of psychiatric nursing
Authors: Estrela Kelly da Silva Rocha , Loyola Cristina Maria Douat
Published: September 2014

This qualitative study aimed to analyze the clinical criteria used for the administration of prescribed medications for use when needed (SOS); and discuss the implication of the findings in this research to clinical psychiatric nursing. The records of female patients admitted to a psychiatric institution in the city of Rio de Janeiro, in the time frame from May to June 2009, were analyzed. In the 38 patient records, 16 prescriptions for medications SOS were found. The mean age of patients was around 45-55 years with a clinical diagnosis of Bipolar Mood Disorder. The medication category most prescribed as SOS was of benzodiazepines, followed by antipsychotics. It was noticed a tendency to not valuing the administration of medication in SOS notes. The study points out the importance to establish clinical criteria to indicate the need, or not, to administer prescribed SOS medications.
Cuidado sistematizado em pré-operatório cardíaco: Teoria do Cuidado Transpessoal na perspectiva de enfermeiros e usuários
Authors: Amorim Thais Vasconselos , Arreguy-Sena Cristina , Alves Marcelo da Silva , Salimena Anna Maria de Oliveira
Published: September 2014

Estudo de caso que objetivou desvelar, a partir da adoção da Teoria do Cuidado Transpessoal, os significados do relacionamento interpessoal terapêutico entre enfermeiro e usuário, sobre a visita pré-operatória de enfermagem após a vivência do processo cirúrgico. A amostra, de conveniência, foi constituída por três enfermeiros e três usuários de uma instituição que possui cadastro atualizado para realizar cirurgia de alta complexidade cardiovascular, perfazendo nove combinações de interações terapêuticas. Foram utilizados impressos estruturados segundo a teoria de Jean Watson e as taxonomias North American Nursing Diagnosis Association, Nursing Intervention Classification e Nursing Outcome Classification. Os aspectos éticos e legais de pesquisa envolvendo seres humanos foram assegurados. Nos resultados, identificaram-se três clusters para apreender a significação da visita pré-operatória pelos usuários e cinco clusters para apreender a percepção dos enfermeiros ao vivenciarem esta experiência clínica.
Idosos institucionalizados: organização cronológica das rotinas diárias e qualidade do sono
Authors: Mansano-Schlosser Thalyta Cristina , Santos Ariene Angelini dos , Camargo-Rossignolo Simone de Oliveira , Freitas Denise Cuoghi de Carvalho Veríssimo , Lorenz Vera Regina , Ceolim Maria Filomena
Published: September 2014

Estudo descritivo, transversal, cujo objetivo foi identificar a percepção de idosos institucionalizados quanto à organização cronológica das rotinas diárias e quanto à qualidade do sono. Participaram 37 indivíduos residentes em uma Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos pertencente ao município de Campinas-SP, sendo 14 mulheres e 23 homens, com média de idade de 75 anos. Verificou-se que 81% dos idosos apresentaram queixas compatíveis com sono de má qualidade, porém 70% deles informavam que tinham sono de boa qualidade, quando questionados diretamente a respeito. Todos os idosos perceberam adequadamente a organização cronológica de suas rotinas, porém essa percepção pareceu não contribuir para a boa qualidade do sono, visto que a maioria deles apresentou queixas compatíveis com sono de má qualidade. Torna-se evidente que os enfermeiros devem realizar avaliação detalhada da qualidade do sono a fim de minimizar ou prevenir esses problemas e suas possíveis consequências.
Controle pós-colheita da antracnose do maracujazeiro: amarelo com aplicação de óleo de copaíba
Authors: Araújo Neto Sebastião Elviro de , Francisco Wagner de Moura , Andrade Neto Romeu de Carvalho , Lustosa Camila , Ribeiro Sandra Albuquerque Lima
Published: September 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a aplicação de óleo essencial de copaíba no controle da antracnose, nos frutos do maracujazeiro-amarelo, e comparar sua ação fungicida/fungistática in vitro com o óleo resina de copaíba. No experimento in vivo, os frutos foram inoculados com uma suspensão de esporos da ordem de 10(6) conídios mL-1 e 1% de Tween 80, acondicionados em bandejas de polipropileno e colocados em câmara incubadora com temperatura de 25ºC e 90% de umidade relativa do ar. Passadas 24 horas da inoculação, pulverizou-se óleo essencial nas seguintes concentrações: T1= 0 mL L-1; T2= 0,25 mL L-1; T3= 0,5 mL L-1; T4= 0,75 mL L-1; T5= 1,0 mL L-1, sendo avaliados a perda de massa do fruto, a severidade da antracnose e o número de lesões, ambas aos seis dias. Para o experimento in vitro, utilizou-se do meio de cultura batata-dextrose-ágar (BDA) que, após ser esterilizado em autoclave (120 ºC), recebeu óleo essencial e óleo resina de copaíba (0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 e 2,0 mL L-1). Após o resfriamento do meio de cultura, foi repicado para o centro da placa um disco de micélio de 12,5 mm de diâmetro de Colletotrichum gloeosporioides; e as placas, incubadas a 25ºC e 90% de umidade. A aferição do crescimento micelial foi verificada com o auxílio de paquímetro analógico, após sete dias de crescimento micelial. O óleo essencial de copaíba, nas concentrações de 0,25 mL L-1 a 1.0 mL L-1, não foi eficaz no controle pós-colheita do fungo da antracnose in vivo e na perda de massa dos frutos de maracujá. O óleo resina de copaíba inibiu o crescimento de C. gloeosporioides in vitro de forma mais eficiente que o óleo essencial de copaíba.
Qualidade do abacate 'HASS' frigoarmazenado submetido a atmosferas modificadas ativas
Authors: Vieites Rogério Lopes , Russo Viviane Citadini , Daiuto Érica Regina
Published: September 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a conservação do abacate 'Hass'frigoarmazenado submetido a atmosferas modificadas ativas. Os frutos foram acondicionados em embalagem de náilon+polietileno e submetidos à injeção de mistura de gases, constituindo os tratamentos: I - mistura gasosa do ambiente (21,0 kPa de O2+0,03 kPa de CO2); II - 4,0 kPa de O2+5,0kPa de CO2 ; III - 4,0 kPa de O2+6,0 kPa de CO2 ; IV - 4,0 kPa de O2+7,0 kPa de CO2, e V- 4,0 kPa de O2+8,0 kPa de CO2). As embalagens contendo os frutos foram armazenadas em câmara frigorífica, a uma temperatura de 10±1ºC e umidade relativa de 90±5%, durante 25 dias, sendo as análises realizadas a cada 5 dias. As análises realizadas foram perda de massa, atividade respiratória, potencial hidrogeniônico (pH), firmeza, acidez titulável (AT), sólidos solúveis (SS) e atividade das enzimas pectinametilesterase (PME) e poligalacturonase (PG). O tratamento em que os frutos foram submetidos à pressão parcial de 4,0 kPa de O2+7,0 kPa de CO2 foi o mais efetivo na conservação dos frutos, principalmente pela menor perda de massa e baixa produção de CO2.
Influência de formas de aplicação de boro na qualidade e no rendimento de maçãs (Malus domestica)
Authors: Sá Alessandra Aparecida de , Ernani Paulo Roberto , Nava Gilberto , Amarante Cassandro Vidal Talamini do , Pereira Adilson José
Published: September 2014

O boro (B) é aplicado na maioria dos pomares brasileiros de maçã, porém sem fundamentação experimental regional. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito de formas, doses e épocas de aplicação de B no rendimento e na qualidade de maçãs. O experimento foi instalado em São Joaquim-SC, em 2002, com as cultivares Imperial Gala e Fuji Suprema conduzidas em áreas diferentes, cujas avaliações foram realizadas nas safras de 2009/2010 e 2010/2011. Os tratamentos consistiram em um fatorial envolvendo doses de B aplicadas ao solo, a cada dois anos, e épocas de pulverização na planta, feitas anualmente. Utilizou-se de delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições, cujos tratamentos foram arranjados em parcelas subdividas: na parcela principal, foram alocadas as épocas de aplicação foliar de ácido bórico (sem pulverização, 0,3% pulverizado na fase de botão rosado e 0,6% em pós-colheita) e nas subparcelas, as doses de bórax no solo (0; 2,5 e 5,0 kg ha-1 de B). A aplicação de B no solo foi mais eficiente do que a pulverização foliar para aumentar o teor de B na polpa, na folha e no solo; no entanto, não afetou nenhum dos atributos relacionados com a qualidade dos frutos, nas duas cultivares. A pulverização com B diminuiu o teor de amido e a acidez titulável, e não afetou o teor de sólidos solúveis e a firmeza da polpa dos frutos. A pulverização na floração diminuiu a germinação de grãos de pólen na cultivar Imperial Gala e a frutificação efetiva na cultivar Fuji Suprema. O rendimento de frutos não foi afetado pela adição de B, independentemente da época, da forma de aplicação ou dose, nas duas cultivares. Assim, não há necessidade de aplicar B nessas cultivares em pomares cultivados em solos com altos teores de matéria orgânica, com o objetivo de incrementar a produção e a qualidade dos frutos.
Atividade antitríptica de proteínas em polpas e sementes de frutas tropicais
Authors: Bezerra Ágnes Denise de Lima , Barbosa Claudia Renata Montenegro , Carvalho Fabiana Maria Coimbra de , Serquiz Alexandre Coelho , Morais Ana Heloneida de Araújo
Published: September 2014

A alimentação saudável e diversificada é essencial para a manutenção da saúde física e mental, e apesar de o perfil alimentar atual valorizar a praticidade do comer, nota-se que a população está consumindo, de forma crescente, frutas, tanto na forma in natura como na forma de sucos. No entanto, o consumo de certas frutas in natura ocorre acompanhado da ingestão de suas sementes, cascas ou mesmo outras partes, podendo existir fatores antinutricionais, moléculas e/ou compostos que podem interferir na biodisponibilidade e/ou digestibilidade de nutrientes, tais como os inibidores de tripsina. Tais inibidores podem prejudicar o aproveitamento de proteínas presentes nos alimentos, porém estudos recentes vêm sendo divulgados, demonstrando também os efeitos benéficos dos mesmos. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar inibidores de tripsina nos extratos aquosos das frutas: goiaba (Psidium guajava L), das variedades Kumagai (branca) e Paluma (vermelha); maracujá-amarelo (Passiflora edulis f.) e melancia (Citrullus vulgaris Schrad). Para tal, foi realizada a detecção da presença da atividade antitríptica e a dosagem de proteínas solúveis. Em todos os extratos analisados, foi detectada atividade inibitória de tripsina, bem como de proteínas solúveis. Assim, a inibição pode ser explicada pela presença de inibidores proteicos, pois, nos extratos de sementes, em SDS-PAGE, foi possível visualizar um largo espectro de bandas proteicas. Vale ressaltar que, no estudo, as bandas proteicas que coincidem com as massas moleculares dos inibidores de tripsina não apareceram de forma majoritária, demonstrando que os extratos de sementes, provavelmente, possuem inibidor proteico, no entanto em pouca quantidade, justificando a baixa atividade antitríptica (1,36 a 15,15 UI / mg de peso seco), também apresentada pelos extratos de polpa. Portanto, tendo em vista o consumo recomendado das frutas, incluindo goiaba, maracujá e melancia, possivelmente, esta atividade inibitória esteja mais relacionada a benefícios do que a prejuízos à saúde, enfatizando, entretanto, o cuidado com o consumo de quantidades elevadas de sementes presentes e consumidas nestas frutas.
Zoneamento agroclimático para a cultura do abacateiro no Estado do Paraná
Authors: Zaro Geovanna Cristina , Ricce Wilian da Silva , Caramori Paulo Henrique , Carvalho Sergio Luiz Colucci , Vicentini Maria Elisa
Published: September 2014

O abacateiro apresenta grande diversidade de tolerância a baixas temperaturas devido às suas regiões de origem. As raças mexicanas são mais tolerantes, as raças antilhanas são mais sensíveis e as guatemalenses têm comportamento intermediário. Neste trabalho o zoneamento de riscos climáticos fundamentou-se na severidade das geadas, por meio da análise de séries históricas de temperaturas mínimas em um ambiente de Sistema de Informação Geográfica. Foram identificadas quatro zonas distintas de risco, caracterizando geadas muito fortes e frequentes, onde não se recomenda o cultivo; geadas fortes, onde somente a cultivar Fuerte é recomendada; geadas moderadas, onde somente as cultivares Primavera e Margarida não são recomendadas, e uma zona de baixo risco, no norte e oeste do Paraná, onde todas as cultivares são indicadas. As diversidades de climas no Paraná e as exigências térmicas das cultivares possibilitam a colheita em grande parte do ano por meio da combinação de diferentes cultivares e regiões de plantio.
Ácido 2,3,5-tri-iodobenzoico (TIBA) na micropropagação de abacaxizeiro 'IAC Gomo-de-Mel'
Authors: Costa Sérgio Marques , Fráguas Chrystiane Borges , Prado Débora Zanoni do , Lima Giuseppina Pace Pereira
Published: September 2014

O abacaxi 'IAC Gomo-de-Mel' é uma espécie economicamente importante devido a diversas características sensoriais. Uma das técnicas para obter maior número de plantas é a micropropagação. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a ação do TIBA (ácido 2,3,5-tri-iodobenzoico) na formação de brotos e raízes do abacaxizeiro 'IAC Gomo-de-Mel', assim como possíveis alterações na morfologia de tecidos foliares. Foram utilizados segmentos das gemas da coroa de abacaxi, com aproximadamente 1 cm, oriundos de cultivo em meio líquido, suplementadas com 1,0 mg L-1 BAP+ 0,5 mg L-1 NAA , sendo posteriormente inoculados em meio MS líquido contendo diversas concentrações de TIBA, em condição de luz e temperatura controladas, implantando 3 diferentes experimentos para as análises biométrica, bioquímica e anatômica. Os experimentos foram implantados em delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, com 8 tratamentos, com 4 repetições para as análises biométricas e 5 repetições para a bioquímica e anatômica. Ao final de 60 dias, foram avaliados o número e o comprimento das brotações, o comprimento da planta-mãe e o número de raízes. A análise da atividade de AIA-oxidase foi realizada no dia da instalação do experimento e aos 15; 30; 45 e 60 dias de cultivo. Conclui-se que o TIBA isoladamente não induz brotações. A redução na atividade da AIA-oxidase foi relacionada com a emissão de novas raízes, e o aumento na espessura dos tecidos foliares ocorreu após aplicação exógena de TIBA, em abacaxizeiro in vitro.
Occurrence of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner, 1808) on citrus in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Bueno Regiane Cristina Oliveira de Freitas , Yamamoto Pedro Takao , Carvalho Marina Mouzinho , Bueno Nádia Maebara
Published: September 2014

The occurrence of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner, 1808) was first reported in citrus orchard in the state of São Paulo (SP). High infestation levels of H. armigera were observed in October 2012, in the city of Botucatu, SP. The larvae was fed of all parts of the plants. The injuries on the leaves caused drastic reduction in the leaf area and the fruits attack occurred from an early stage of development to the ripe fruit. Thus, the first occurrence of H. armigera in this citrus culture adds to the list of hosts of this pest, and is of great importance, because it confirms H. armigera potential dispersion and polyphagia.
Antioxidant compoundsand total antioxidant activity in fruits of acerola from cv. Flor Branca, Florida Sweet and BRS 366
Authors: Souza Kellina Oliveira de , Moura Carlos Farley Herbster , Brito Edy Sousa de , Miranda Maria Raquel Alcântara de
Published: September 2014

Information on antioxidant properties at different ontological stages may help producers and food technologists to identify which cultivar and/or maturity stage are most adequate for their need, therefore this work aimed to study the changes in the antioxidant metabolism during acerola development. Fruit from cv. Flor Branca, BRS366 and Florida Sweet were harvested at different stages: immature green colored (I), physiologically mature with green color and maximum size (II), breaker (III) and full red ripe (IV). After harvest, fruits were selected, divided into four replications with 500 g each and evaluated regarding their titratable acidity, pH, soluble solids, total soluble sugar, vitamin C, polyphenol, anthocyanin, yellow flavonoid, total antioxidant activity and antioxidant enzyme activity. Anthocyanin and flavonoid were determined through LC-DAD-ESI/MS and all analysis followed a completely randomized factorial 3 x 4 design. Fruits of 'Florida Sweet' presented significantly higher soluble solids (9.46ºBrix). Vitamin C content decreased during ripening, but ripe 'BRS 366' fruits showed the greatest values (1363 mg.100 g-1) and highest TAA with 42.36 µM TEAC.g-1FW. Cyanidin 3-rhamnoside (520.76 mg.100 g-1 DM) and quercetin 3-rhamnoside (33.72 mg.100 g-1 DM) were the most abundant anthocyanin and yellow flavonoids found mainly in 'Flor Branca' fruit of acerola, whose antioxidant enzymes activities were also higher. Ripe 'Florida Sweet' fruit presents a great potential for fresh consumption, meanwhile physiologically mature 'BRS 366' fruit seems the best option for the bioactive compounds processing industry. As 'Flor Branca' fruit of acerola kept the highest activity levels, it could be an indicative of greater potential for postharvest conservation.