bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute heart failure congestion and perfusion status – impact of the clinical classification on in‐hospital and long‐term outcomes; insights from the ESC‐EORP‐HFA Heart Failure Long‐Term Registry
Authors: Chioncel Ovidiu , Mebazaa Alexandre , Maggioni Aldo P. , Harjola Veli‐Pekka , Rosano Giuseppe , Laroche Cecile , Piepoli Massimo F. , Crespo‐Leiro Maria G. , Lainscak Mitja , Ponikowski Piotr , Filippatos Gerasimos , Ruschitzka Frank , Seferovic Petar , Coats Andrew J.S. , Lund Lars H. ,   ESC‐EORP‐HFA Heart Failure Long‐Term Registry Investigators
Published: May 2019

Aims

Classification of acute heart failure (AHF) patients into four clinical profiles defined by evidence of congestion and perfusion is advocated by the 2016 European Society of Cardiology (ESC)guidelines. Based on the ESC‐EORP‐HFA Heart Failure Long‐Term Registry, we compared differences in baseline characteristics, in‐hospital management and outcomes among congestion/perfusion profiles using this classification.

Methods and results

We included 7865 AHF patients classified at admission as: ‘dry‐warm’ (9.9%), ‘wet‐warm’ (69.9%), ‘wet‐cold’ (19.8%) and ‘dry‐cold’ (0.4%). These groups differed significantly in terms of baseline characteristics, in‐hospital management and outcomes. In‐hospital mortality was 2.0% in ‘dry‐warm’, 3.8% in ‘wet‐warm’, 9.1% in ‘dry‐cold’ and 12.1% in ‘wet‐cold’ patients. Based on clinical classification at admission, the adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for 1‐year mortality were: ‘wet‐warm’ vs. ‘dry‐warm’ 1.78 (1.43–2.21) and ‘wet‐cold’ vs. ‘wet‐warm’ 1.33 (1.19–1.48). For profiles resulting from discharge classification, the adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for 1‐year mortality were: ‘wet‐warm’ vs. ‘dry‐warm’ 1.46 (1.31–1.63) and ‘wet‐cold’ vs. ‘wet‐warm’ 2.20 (1.89–2.56). Among patients discharged alive, 30.9% had residual congestion, and these patients had higher 1‐year mortality compared to patients discharged without congestion (28.0 vs. 18.5%). Tricuspid regurgitation, diabetes, anaemia and high New York Heart Association class were independently associated with higher risk of congestion at discharge, while beta‐blockers at admission, de novo heart failure, or any cardiovascular procedure during hospitalization were associated with lower risk of residual congestion.

Conclusion

Classification based on congestion/perfusion status provides clinically relevant information at hospital admission and discharge. A better understanding of the clinical course of the two entities could play an important role towards the implementation of targeted strategies that may improve outcomes.
Carbon Aerogels for Environmental Clean‐Up
Authors: Gan Guoqiang , Li Xinyong , Fan Shiying , Wang Liang , Qin Meichun , Yin Zhifan , Chen Guohua
Published: May 2019

Carbon aerogels are a fascinating three‐dimensional (3D) monolithic porous material with remarkable physicochemical properties, including low density, large surface area, abundant pore structure, high electrical conductivity, chemical stability, environmental compatibility, adjustable surface chemistry, as well as controllable structural features. These properties endow carbon aerogels with excellent adsorption and catalytic performance. Therefore, they are widely applied in environmental chemistry for removing pollutants like oils, toxic organic solvents, dyes, heavy metal ions in aquatic environments, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon oxides (CO2, CO), nitrogen oxide (NOx), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the atmosphere. In this paper, the preparation processes of carbon aerogels are fully reviewed, and their applications for environmental clean‐up based on adsorption and catalytic action are thoroughly addressed. In each section, the most recent representative studies will be highlighted. Finally, the challenges, outlooks, and prospects in this emerging and promising research field will be briefly discussed.
In Situ Generation of Alkynylzinc and Its Subsequent Negishi Reaction in a Flow Reactor
Authors: Kandasamy Mohanraj , Huang Yu‐ Hsuan , Ganesan Balaji , Senadi Gopal Chandru , Lin Wei‐Yu
Published: May 2019

A highly efficient and convenient Negishi cross‐coupling reaction has been developed for the synthesis of unsymmetrical alkynes and enynes in a continuous‐flow process. The reaction proceeds through an in situ generated alkynylzinc reagent by the reaction of lithium acetylide with zinc halide at room temperature followed by a cross‐coupling reaction with aryl or vinyl iodides. The notable features of this work compared to the conventional benchtop method are mild reaction conditions, good to excellent yields, broad functional‐group compatibility, short residence time (73 sec) and especially desilylation of TMS group with the residence time of only 10.5 sec.
Dendrite Growth Suppression by Zn2+‐Integrated Nafion Ionomer Membranes: Beyond Porous Separators toward Aqueous Zn/V2O5 Batteries with Extended Cycle Life
Authors: Ghosh Meena , Vijayakumar Vidyanand , Kurungot Sreekumar
Published: May 2019

The dendritic/irregular growth of zinc deposits in the anode surface is often considered as a major intricacy limiting the lifespan of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries. The effect of separators on the evolution of the surface morphology of the anode/cathode is never thoroughly studied. Herein, for the first time, the efficacy of the Zn2+‐integrated Nafion ionomer membrane is demonstrated as a separator to effectively suppress the growth of irregular zinc deposits in the metallic anode of an aqueous Zn/V2O5 battery. The Zn2+‐ions coordinated with the moieties in Nafion result in a high transference number of the Zn2+ cation, all the while facilitating a high ionic conductivity. The Zn2+‐integrated Nafion membrane enables the Zn/V2O5 cell to deliver a high specific capacity of 510 mAh g−1 at a current of 0.25 A g−1, which is close to the theoretical capacity of anhydrous V2O5 (589 mAh g−1). Moreover, the same cell exhibits an excellent cycling stability of 88% retention of the initial capacity even after 1800 charge–discharge cycles, superior to that of the Zn/V2O5 cells comprising conventional porous separators.
Low complexity SVM technique of control implementation by microcontroller for three phase solar inverter
Authors: Tayebi Azzedinne , Brahami Mostefa , Yaichi Mohammed , Boutadara Abdelkader
Published: May 2019

This article presents a method for simplifying the programming and implementation of the space vector modulation (SVM) algorithm, applied to the prototype of the three‐phase inverter for stand‐alone photovoltaic pumping system using induction motor. In this system, the control is usually based on V/f constant approach. It is known that the SVM approach is fully with mathematical formulas which complicate its implantation. The purpose of this work is to reduce both the SVM algorithm complexity and program size, which becomes about 2.55Ko, and this achievement done based on two procedures: the first, must fixes the location of angular set points on the trajectory of the reference voltage vector. The second is precalculation of the switching times and that is make it feasible and simple due to the technique V/f constant ratio. The proposed method makes the SVM algorithm implementation in the microcontroller PIC18F4550 more easier and tested in the real time platform to control the three legs inverter feeding an induction motor as load. The simulation and experimental results of the proposed method are presented and compared with the theoretical results of conventional SVM. The obtained results are very satisfactory for this kind of application.
Determining consumer's carbon emission obligation through virtual emission tracing in power systems
Authors: Rouholamini Mahdi , Miller Carol J. , Wang Caisheng
Published: May 2019

Although a recent report by the U.S. Energy Information Administration indicates that CO2 emissions from power generation have now fallen below emissions from the transportation sector, electricity use remains a significant part of human's environmental footprint since fossil fuels are the major energy resource for electricity generation worldwide. This explains the continual effort by policy makers to develop a remedy to mitigate carbon emissions. It is then critically important to properly account for the emissions associated with electricity generation, delivery, and consumption. In particular, it is critical to be able to allocate emissions to the relevant electricity consumers creating the demand that results in a polluting emission. Therefore, in this paper a virtual carbon emission tracing method in power systems is thoroughly presented to facilitate allotting carbon obligation. The method is developed based on the proportional sharing principle that has been used in power system operation. The proposed methodology is implemented on the IEEE 5‐bus and 9‐bus systems, two widely used and recognized power grid benchmarks.
Spatiotemporal variations of dissolved inorganic carbon and controlling factors in a small karstic catchment, Southwestern China
Authors: Qin Caiqing , Li Si‐Liang , Yue Fu‐Jun , Xu Sheng , Ding Hu
Published: May 2019

Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is the most important carbon component in karst aquatic system where fluid is highly transmissive, but has rarely been examined in the subtropical karst critical zone (K‐CZ). In this study, concentrations of dissolved solutes and isotopic compositions of DIC (δ13CDIC) at 11 sites of a 73.4 km2karstic catchment in Southwestern China were analysed monthly in order to uncover the spatiotemporal variations of both DIC and its dominant sources, and to identify relevant controlling factors. Both DIC concentrations and δ13CDICwere highly variable, ranging from 2.52 to 5.85 mmol l−1and from −15.7 to −4.5‰, respectively. DIC in underground water (UGW) was higher in concentration and more depleted in13C compared to surface water (SFS). DIC concentrations showed an inconsistent seasonal trend with other solutes, with higher values in the wet season at some sites. δ13CDICvalues were lower in the wet season than in the dry season. The results of mixing model IsoSource revealed spatiotemporal patterns of DIC sources. During the dry season, carbonate weathering was the primary contributor to DIC in UGW (excluding in the middle reaches). However, during the wet season, soil CO2was the dominant source of DIC in both UGW and SFS, and it was higher than in the dry season. Overall, there are significant spatiotemporal disparities and highly transmissive characteristics of both DIC and its sources in the K‐CZ, which are controlled by multiple factors. This study also highlights that rainfall may play a crucial role in accelerating carbon dynamics in the K‐CZ. High‐frequency sampling campaigns in high‐flow periods and deep analyses are needed in future work to elucidate the related processes and mechanisms. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fabrication of Composite Hydrogels Based on Soy Protein Isolate and their Controlled Globular Protein Delivery
Authors: He Naipu , Chen Xiunan , Wang Li , Wen Jing , Li Yuhong , Cao Qi , Liu Zaiman , Li Baiyu
Published: May 2019

Soy protein isolate (SPI) protein/polymer composite hydrogels (PPCGs) are fabricated in a urea solution of SPI using acrylic acid as monomer, ammonium persulphate (APS) as initiator, and N,N‐methylenebisacrylamide (BIS) and glutaraldehyde (GA) as cross‐linking agents. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) results show that SPI/polyacrylic (PAA) composite hydrogels formed network structure. In particular, in the absence of cross‐linking agent (GA), the network structure of composite hydrogels is also formed by BIS cross‐linking chains of PAA and the hydrophobic interactions between peptides from SPI and chain of PAA. In addition, composite hydrogels have good water absorption and present excellent pH sensitivity. Composite hydrogels adsorb bovine serum albumin (BSA) with higher adsorption capacity. BSA is the control released in pH 7.4 buffers and the accumulative release ratio achieved is 90%. It will be expected that these protein/polymer composite hydrogels could be applied for drug sustained release materials.
Histone methyltransferase SETDB1 contributes to melanoma tumorigenesis and serves as a new potential therapeutic target
Authors: Orouji Elias , Federico Aniello , Larribère Lionel , Novak Daniel , Lipka Daniel B. , Assenov Yassen , Sachindra Sachindra , Hüser Laura , Granados Karol , Gebhardt Christoffer , Plass Christoph , Umansky Viktor , Utikal Jochen
Published: May 2019

Alterations in histone modifications play a crucial role in the progression of various types of cancer. The histone methyltransferase SETDB1 catalyzes the addition of methyl groups to histone H3 at lysine 9. Here, we describe how overexpression of SETDB1 contributes to melanoma tumorigenesis. SETDB1 is highly amplified in melanoma cells and in the patient tumors. Increased expression of SETDB1, which correlates with SETDB1 amplification, is associated with a more aggressive phenotype in in vitro and in vivo studies. Mechanistically, SETDB1 implements its effects via regulation of thrombospondin 1, and the SET‐domain of SETDB1 is essential for the maintenance of its tumorigenic activity. Inhibition of SETDB1 reduces cell growth in melanomas resistant to targeted treatments. Our results indicate that SETDB1 is a major driver of melanoma development and may serve as a potential future target for the treatment of this disease.
Exploring women's preferences for HPV‐based cervical cancer screening in South Africa
Authors: Oberlin Austin M. , Pasipamire Tafadzwa , Chibwesha Carla J.
Published: May 2019

Objective

To determine preferences for HPV‐based cervical cancer screening among South African women.

Methods

A discrete choice experiment survey was conducted among 298 women who attended two public‐sector clinics in South Africa from February 1 to May 31, 2018. Participants chose between hypothetical screening scenarios: method of swab collection (self or provider); timing of treatment (same day or return visit); type of clinic (static or mobile); cost of services (US $0 or US $4); and time spent at the clinic (30, 60, or 120 minutes). A logistic regression model was generated to evaluate the importance of each attribute. A market simulation analysis was performed to determine potential uptake of the various screening strategies.

Results

The participants expressed strong preferences for free services (β=0.50; P<0.001) and same‐day HPV testing and treatment (β=0.40; P<0.001). The market simulation indicated that 83.8% of women would be willing to undergo screening if services were free; the swab was collected by the provider; and treatment was offered at a return visit. Including same‐day testing and treatment in the model increased uptake to 96.4%.

Conclusion

Offering same‐day HPV testing and treatment could substantially improve uptake of cervical cancer screening in the South African public healthcare sector.
Wip1 cooperates with KPNA2 to modulate the cell proliferation and migration of colorectal cancer via a p53‐dependent manner
Authors: Wang Peng , Zhao Yahui , Liu Kuijie , Liu Xianghe , Liang Jianwei , Zhou Haitao , Wang Zheng , Zhou Zhixiang , Xu Ningzhi
Published: May 2019

Due to the increasing incidence and mortality, the early diagnosis, specific targeted therapies, and prognosis for colorectal cancer (CRC) attract more and more attention. Wild‐type p53‐induced phosphatase 1 (Wip1) and karyopherin α2 (KPNA2) have been regarded as oncogenes in many cancers, including CRC. Wip1 dephosphorylates p53 to inactivate it. TP53 activator and Wip1 inhibitor downregulate KPNA2 expression. Therefore, we speculate that Wip1 may co‐operate with KPNA2 to modulate CRC progression in a p53‐dependent manner. Here, Wip1 and KPNA2 messenger RNA expression and protein levels are significantly increased in CRC tissues and cell lines and are positively correlated with each other. Wip1 silence increases p53 phosphorylation while decreases KPNA2 protein. Wip1 knockdown remarkably suppresses CRC cell proliferation and migration while KPNA2 overexpression exerts an opposing effect. KPNA2 overexpression could partially rescue Wip1 silence‐inhibited CRC cell proliferation and migration. Finally, Wip1 interacts with KPNA2 to modulate the activation of AKT/GSK‐3β signaling and metastasis‐related factors. In summary, Wip1 could co‐operate with KPNA2 to modulate CRC cell proliferation and migration, possibly via a p53‐dependent manner, through downstream AKT/GSK‐3β pathway. We provided a novel mechanism of Wip1 interacting with KPNA2, therefore modulating CRC cell proliferation and migration.
Role of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K in tumor development
Authors: Chen Yuting , Zeng Ying , Xiao Zheng , Chen Shi , Li Yukun , Zou Juan , Zeng Xi
Published: May 2019

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) is an RNA/DNA special binding protein that participates in regulating the expression of related genes, transcription, RNA alternative splicing, translation, posttranslational modification, cell signal transduction, cell movement, interacts with ncRNAs, and induces angiogenesis. Moreover, several cellular functions forcefully indicated that hnRNP K participates in tumorigenesis. Numerous studies indicated hnRNP K is aberrantly elevated in multiple tumors. In addition, hnRNP K abnormal accumulation in cytoplasmic is also associated with poor prognosis. This suggests that hnRNP K may play a role in the development and progression of tumors. However, related studies demonstrated that hnRNP K acts as a tumor suppressor to suppress tumor formation. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the role of hnRNPK in tumors.
The miRNA hsa‐miR‐6515‐3p potentially contributes to lncRNA H19‐mediated‐lung cancer metastasis
Authors: Xu YouZu , Lin Jian , Jin YingYing , Chen Meifang , Zheng HaiHong , Feng JiaXi
Published: May 2019

Aberrant expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) contributes to all phenotypes of cancer including metastasis, which is a major cause of death in many advanced malignancies. One particular lncRNA, H19, is found to be a crucial player in cancer progression by modulating multiple microRNAs (miRNAs). In this study, we screened miRNAs possibly associated with H19 using lung carcinoma cell lines and patient with lung cancer tissues, and selected one possible hit, hsa‐miR‐6515‐3p, to perform in vitro functional assays. Its inhibition leads to decreased proliferation and migration of SPC‐A1 lung cancer cells and is in good correlation with H19‐knockdown groups. These results indicate that H19 may be an epigenetic regulator of miR‐6515‐3p, and its dysregulation may contribute to lung cancer progression and metastasis.
Comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed profiles of lncRNAs, mRNAs, and miRNAs in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma in order to construct a ceRNA network and identify potential biomarkers
Authors: Kong Xinru , Qi Jixia , Yan Yao , Chen Liwei , Zhao Yali , Fang Zhongju , Fan Junda , Liu Mingbo , Liu Yehai
Published: May 2019

Objective

This study aimed to uncover a regulatory network comprised of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), to explore its underlying mechanisms and development, and to identify key genetic biomarkers for the prognosis of LSCC.

Methods

Here, we compared mRNA, lncRNA, and miRNA expression profiles between 111 LSCC and 12 adjacent normal tissues using RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq) data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Based on the interaction information obtained from miRcode, TargetScan, miRTarBase, and miRDB, a lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was constructed using differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNA), miRNAs (DEmiRNA), and mRNAs (DEmRNA). By assessing the functional enrichment of DEmRNAs in this network, the potential underlying mechanisms were explored. In addition, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to assess genetic biomarkers related to the prognosis of LSCC patients.

Results

Upon comparing LSCC and control tissues, 1640 DElncRNAs, 75 DEmiRNAs, and 3217 DEmRNAs were identified. Based on the prediction between lncRNA–miRNA and miRNA–mRNA relationships, we constructed a ceRNA network comprised of 93 lncRNAs, nine miRNAs, and nine mRNAs. This network predicted that two lncRNAs (AC016773.1 and C00299), two mRNAs (DIO1 and STC2), and two miRNAs (hsa‐mir‐137 and hsa‐mir‐210) were significant biomarkers of LSCC prognosis according to thorough topological and survival analyses (P < .05).

Conclusion

Through a ceRNA network analysis, our study identifies new lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs, which can be used as potential biomarkers of LSCC and as therapeutic targets for treating LSCC, thus laying a foundation for future clinical studies.
N‐bridgehead heterocyclic ylide as a privileged precursor in the design and skeletal diversity of heterocyclic Mono Methine and merocyanine dye motifs
Authors: Koraiem Ahmed I. M. , El‐Deen Naglaa S. , Abu‐El‐Hamd Ragab M.
Published: May 2019

N‐Bridge Head Heterocyclic Precursors (2a‐f, 3, 6a‐f & 13) were used as main key intermediates in the synthesis of N‐bridge head heterocyclic mono‐2(4)‐or 3 [4(1)] methine (4a‐h, 5a‐c, & 7a‐h), cyclic mero‐6(4)‐linkage position (8) cyanine dyes and bis‐3,6‐mono[4(2)]methine linkage positions (10, 11 & 12) & tri‐3(4)‐methine cyanine dye (14).The spectral behaviour, solvatochromic & acid‐base properties of such dyes was discussed.
CircRNA expression profile of bovine placentas in late gestation with aberrant SCNT fetus
Authors: Su Xiaohu , Gao Guangqi , Wang Shenyuan , Su Guanghua , Zheng Zhong , Zhang Jiaqi , Han Lidong , Ling Yu , Wang Xiuying , Li Guangpeng , Zhang Li
Published: May 2019

Backgrounds

One of the limitations of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) strategy to generate genetically modified offspring is the low birth rate. Placental dysfunction is one of the causes of abortion. Circular RNA (circRNA) is noncoding RNA which functions as microRNA (miRNA) sponges in biological processes.

Methods

Two aberrant pregnant placenta (aberrant group, AG) and three normal pregnant placenta (normal group, NG) during late gestation (180‐210 days) with bovine SCNT fetus were collected for high‐throughput sequencing and analyzed. The host genes of differentially expressed (DE) circRNAs were predicted. And the microRNAs (miRNAs) which could interact with DE circRNAs were analyzed. Then, the expressional level of partial DE circRNAs and corresponding host genes was verified through qRT‐PCR. At last, the function of host genes was analyzed through Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG).

Results

Altogether 123 differentially expressed circRNAs between two groups were identified, which were found related to 60 host genes and 32 miRNAs. The top 10 upregulated circRNAs were bta_circ_0012985, bta_circ_0013071, bta_circ_0013074, bta_circ_0016024, bta_circ_0013068, bta_circ_0008816, bta_circ_0012982, bta_circ_0013072, bta_circ_0019285, and bta_circ_0013067. The top 10 downregulated circRNAs were bta_circ_0024234, bta_circ_0017528, bta_circ_0008077, bta_circ_0003222, bta_circ_0007500, bta_circ_0020328, bta_circ_0011001, bta_circ_0016364, bta_circ_0008839, and bta_circ_0016049. The qRT‐PCR results showed consistent trend with sequencing analysis result, while host genes had no statistic difference. The GO and KEGG analyses of the host genes suggested that abnormal circRNA expression may play multiple roles in placental structure and dysfunction.

Conclusion

The abnormal circRNA expression may be one of reasons of placental dysfunction, leads to abortion of bovine SCNT fetus.
CRNDE enhances neuropathic pain via modulating miR‐136/IL6R axis in CCI rat models
Authors: Zhang Dawei , Mou Jun‐Ying , Wang Fang , Liu Juan , Hu Xue
Published: May 2019

Neuropathic pain has been reported as a type of chronic pain due to the primary dysfunction of the somatosensory nervous system. It is the most serious types of chronic pain, which can lead to a significant public health burden. But, the understanding of the cellular and molecular pathogenesis of neuropathic pain is barely complete. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently been regarded as modulators of neuronal functions. Growing studies have indicated lncRNAs can exert crucial roles in the development of neuropathic pain. Therefore, our present study focused on the potential role of the lncRNA Colorectal Neoplasia Differentially Expressed (CRNDE) in neuropathic pain progression. Firstly, a chronic constrictive injury (CCI) rat model was built. CRNDE was obviously increased in CCI rats. Interestingly, overexpression of CRNDE enhanced neuropathic pain behaviors. Neuroinflammation was induced by CRNDE and as demonstrated, interleukin‐10 (IL‐10), IL‐1, IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) protein levels in CCI rats were activated by LV‐CRNDE. For another, miR‐136 was obviously reduced in CCI rats. Previously, it is indicated that miR‐136 participates in the spinal cord injury via an inflammation in a rat model. Here, firstly, we verified miR‐136 could serve as CRNDE target. Loss of miR‐136 triggered neuropathic pain remarkably via the neuroinflammation activation. Additionally, IL6R was indicated as a target of miR‐136 and miR‐136 regulated its expression. Subsequently, we confirmed that CRNDE could induce interleukin 6 receptor (IL6R) expression positively. Overall, it was implied that CRNDE promoted neuropathic pain progression via modulating miR‐136/IL6R axis in CCI rat models.
Modulation of macrophage subtypes by IRF5 determines osteoclastogenic potential
Authors: Yang Jihyun , Park Ok‐Jin , Kim Jiseon , Kwon Yeongkag , Yun Cheol‐Heui , Han Seung Hyun
Published: May 2019

Bone‐resorbing osteoclasts are differentiated from macrophages (MΦ) by M‐CSF and RANKL. MΦ can be mainly classified into M1 and M2 MΦ, which are proinflammatory and anti‐inflammatory, respectively, but little is known about their osteoclastogenic potential. Here, we investigated the osteoclastogenic potential of MΦ subtypes. When the two MΦ subtypes were differentiated into osteoclasts using M‐CSF and RANKL, M2 MΦ more potently differentiated into osteoclasts than M1 MΦ. M2 MΦ generated with IL‐4 or IL‐10 also showed enhanced osteoclast differentiation compared with M1 MΦ induced by IFN‐γ and lipopolysaccharide. In addition, robust bone‐resorptive capacity and giant actin rings, which are features of mature osteoclasts, were observed in M2, but not M1 MΦ, under the osteoclast differentiation condition. Osteoclast differentiation was significantly increased in CD206+ M2 MΦ but not in CD86+ M1 MΦ. Compared with M1 MΦ, c‐Fms and RANK were highly expressed in M2 MΦ. Enhanced osteoclastogenesis of M2 MΦ was mediated through sustained ERK activation, followed by efficient c‐Fos and NFATc1 induction. Notably, the osteoclastogenic potential of M1 MΦ converted into M2 MΦ by exposure to M‐CSF was higher than that of M2 MΦ converted into M1 MΦ by exposure to GM‐CSF. Silencing IRF5, which is responsible for M1 MΦ polarization, increased osteoclast differentiation by enhancing c‐Fms expression and activation of ERK, c‐Fos, CREB, and NFATc1, which was inhibited by overexpression of IRF5. Collectively, M2 MΦ are suggested to be more efficient osteoclast precursors than M1 MΦ because of the attenuated expression of IRF5.
Aquaporin 4: A key player in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Tamtaji Omid Reza , Behnam Mohammad , Pourattar Mohammad Ali , Jafarpour Hamed , Asemi Zatollah
Published: May 2019

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases which occur in aged people worldwide. Given that a sequence of cellular and molecular mechanisms, including oxidative stresses, apoptosis, inflammatory pathways, microglia, astrocyte activation, and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) are associated with initiation and the progression of PD. AQP4 may affect various pathways (i.e., α‐synuclein, inflammatory pathways, and microglia and astrocyte activation). Few reports have evaluated the relationship between AQP4 and PD‐related cellular and molecular pathways. Here, for the first time, we highlighted the relationship between AQP4 and molecular mechanisms involved in PD pathogenesis.
Corrosion and mechanical properties of plasma electrolytic oxidation‐coated AZ80 magnesium alloy
Authors: Pezzato Luca , Coelho Leonardo Bertolucci , Bertolini Rachele , Settimi Alessio Giorgio , Brunelli Katya , Olivier Marjorie , Dabalà Manuele
Published: May 2019

Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coatings were produced on AZ80 magnesium alloy in a solution containing silicates and phosphates and working at high current densities with short treatment times. The effect of a sealing treatment in boiling water on corrosion and mechanical properties of the coatings were investigated. Moreover, the corrosion mechanism of the samples with and without the sealing treatment was evaluated. The microstructure of the coatings was characterized with scanning electron microscope observation and X‐ray diffraction analysis. The mechanical properties were evaluated with nanoindentation tests and the corrosion resistance was studied by potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and scanning vibrating electrode technique. The results showed that the sealing did not influence the microstructure and the mechanical properties of the samples and instead produced a remarkable increase in the corrosion resistance. The crevice corrosion, present in the sample without the sealing, was avoided with the treatment in boiling water.
To lead or to wait? An application to internationalization strategies under demand uncertainty
Authors: Barac Maja , Moner‐Colonques Rafael
Published: May 2019

We examine the exports versus foreign direct investment (FDI) decision under demand uncertainty for an asymmetric cost duopoly. One of the firms can lead entry before demand realization or retain flexibility enjoying an informational advantage. When the time value of information is small and for sufficiently low investment costs, follow‐the‐leader behavior in FDI arises. Relatively high investment (fixed) costs result in follow‐the‐leader exporting behavior. When the time value of information becomes significant, the potential leader will opt for a wait‐and‐see strategy. For intermediate values of investment costs, the efficient firm invests, while the rival chooses to export.
Analysis of suicide trends finds escalating increases among young females
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: May 2019

While suicide rates have traditionally been higher in male than in female youth, recent mortality data found that what's been considered a historically large gap between male and female youth may be narrowing. The findings underscore the urgency to identify prevention strategies that address the developmental needs of this population, say researchers of the study published May 17 in JAMA Network Open.
Psychiatric MH nurses can address ‘threat’ to timely, effective treatment
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: May 2019

During a time when suicides and opioid addictions are on the rise nationally, the need for qualified professionals to provide timely, effective care is even more critical, according to a national workforce assessment released by the American Psychiatric Nurses Association (APNA).
APA poll: Social media has negative impact on mental health
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: May 2019

Americans generally feel social media has a more negative than positive influence on mental and emotional well‐being, according to a new poll released May 20 by the American Psychiatric Association (APA).
California governor launches task force to curb homelessness
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: May 2019

Calling the growing homelessness in California a “national disgrace,” Gov. Gavin Newsom announced May 21 the launch of a task force to identify solutions and develop programs to address the problem.
Reproducing kernel approximation in weighted Bergman spaces: Algorithm and applications
Authors: Qu Wei , Dang Pei
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we present algorithms of preorthogonal adaptive Fourier decomposition (POAFD) in weighted Bergman spaces. POAFD, as has been studied, gives rise to sparse approximations as linear combinations of the corresponding reproducing kernels. It is found that POAFD is unavailable in some weighted Hardy spaces that do not enjoy the boundary vanishing condition; as a result, the maximal selections of the parameters are not guaranteed. We overcome this difficulty with two strategies. One is to utilize the shift operator while the other is to perform weak POAFD. In the cases when the reproducing kernels are rational functions, POAFD provides rational approximations. This approximation method may be used to 1D signal processing. It is, in particular, effective to some Hardy Hp space functions for p not being equal to 2. Weighted Bergman spaces approximation may be used in system identification of discrete time‐varying systems. The promising effectiveness of the POAFD method in weighted Bergman spaces is confirmed by a set of experiments. A sequence of functions as models of the weighted Hardy spaces, being a wider class than the weighted Bergman spaces, are given, of which some are used to illustrate the algorithm and to evaluate its effectiveness over other Fourier type methods.
The Gerdjikov‐Ivanov–type derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation: Long‐time dynamics of nonzero boundary conditions
Authors: Guo Boling , Liu Nan
Published: May 2019

We consider the Gerdjikov‐Ivanov–type derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation

urn:x-wiley:mma:media:mma5698:mma5698-math-0001
on the line. The initial value q(x,0) is given and satisfies the symmetric, nonzero boundary conditions at infinity, that is, q(x,0)→q± as x→±∞, and |q±|=q0>0. The goal of this paper is to study the asymptotic behavior of the solution of this initial value problem as t→∞. The main tool is the asymptotic analysis of an associated matrix Riemann‐Hilbert problem by using the steepest descent method and the so‐called g‐function mechanism. We show that the solution q(x,t) of this initial value problem has a different asymptotic behavior in different regions of the xt‐plane. In the regions
and
, the solution takes the form of a plane wave. In the region
, the solution takes the form of a modulated elliptic wave.
Volume‐localized measurement of oxygen extraction fraction in the brain using MRI
Authors: O'Brien Caitlin , Okell Thomas W. , Chiew Mark , Jezzard Peter
Published: May 2019

Purpose

T2‐relaxation‐under‐spin‐tagging (TRUST) is an MR technique for the non‐invasive assessment of whole‐brain cerebral oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), through measurement of the venous blood T2 relaxation time in the sagittal sinus. A key limitation of TRUST, however, is the lack of spatial specificity of the measurement. We sought to develop a modified TRUST sequence, selective localized TRUST (SL‐TRUST), having sensitivity to venous blood T2 within a targeted brain region, and therefore achieving spatially localized measurements of cerebral tissue OEF, while still retaining acquisition in the sagittal sinus.

Methods

A method for selective localization of TRUST sequence was developed, and the reproducibility of the technique was evaluated in healthy participants. Regional measurements were achieved for a single hemisphere and for a 3D‐localized 70 × 70 × 80 mm3 tissue region using SL‐TRUST and compared to a global TRUST measure. An additional measure of venous blood T1 in the sagittal sinus was used to estimate subject‐specific hematocrit. Six subjects were scanned over 4 sessions, including intra‐session repeat measurements.

Results

The average T2 in the sagittal sinus was found to be 60.8 ± 8.9, 62.7 ± 7.9, 64.6 ± 8.4, and 66.3 ± 10.3 ms (mean ± SD) for conventional TRUST, global SL‐TRUST, hemispheric SL‐TRUST, and 3D‐localized SL‐TRUST, respectively. Intra‐, inter‐session, and inter‐subject coefficients of variation for OEF using SL‐TRUST were found to be comparable and in some cases superior to those obtained using TRUST.

Conclusion

OEF comparison of 2 contralateral regions was achievable in under 5 min suggesting SL‐TRUST offers potential for quantifying regional OEF differences in both healthy and clinical populations.
Flexible and efficient optimization of quantitative sequences using automatic differentiation of Bloch simulations
Authors: Lee Philip K. , Watkins Lauren E. , Anderson Timothy I. , Buonincontri Guido , Hargreaves Brian A.
Published: May 2019

Purpose

To investigate a computationally efficient method for optimizing the Cramér‐Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) of quantitative sequences without using approximations or an analytical expression of the signal.

Methods

Automatic differentiation was applied to Bloch simulations and used to optimize several quantitative sequences without the need for approximations or an analytical expression. The results were validated with in vivo measurements and comparisons to prior art. Multi‐echo spin echo and DESPO were used as benchmarks to verify the CRLB implementation. The CRLB of the Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (MRF) sequence, which has a complicated analytical formulation, was also optimized using automatic differentiation.

Results

The sequence parameters obtained for multi‐echo spin echo and DESPO matched results obtained using conventional methods. In vivo, MRF scans demonstrate that the CRLB optimization obtained with automatic differentiation can improve performance in presence of white noise. For MRF, the CRLB optimization converges in 1.1 CPU hours for = 400 and has asymptotic runtime scaling for the calculation of the CRLB objective and gradient.

Conclusions

Automatic differentiation can be used to optimize the CRLB of quantitative sequences without using approximations or analytical expressions. For MRF, the runtime is computationally efficient and can be used to investigate confounding factors as well as MRF sequences with a greater number of repetitions.
Design and characterization of an eight‐element passively fed meander‐dipole array with improved specific absorption rate efficiency for 7 T body imaging
Authors: Zivkovic Irena , de Castro Catalina Arteaga , Webb Andrew
Published: May 2019

Objective

To evaluate the transmit efficiency and specific absorption rate (SAR) efficiency of a new eight‐element passively fed meander‐dipole antenna array designed for body MRI at 7 T, and to compare these values with a conventional directly fed meander‐dipole array.

Methods

The main radiating element of the passively fed dipole is printed on one side of a dielectric substrate and is capacitively coupled to a shorter feeding element (connected to the coaxial cable) printed on the opposite side of the substrate. The transmit (B1+) field and SAR were simulated on a phantom and on a human voxel model for both a passively fed and a directly fed single element. Two eight‐channel arrays containing, respectively, directly and passively fed meander dipoles were then simulated, and experimental B1+ maps and T2‐weighted spin echo images of the prostate were obtained in vivo for four healthy volunteers.

Results

In simulations, the mean transmit efficiency (B1+ per square root input power) value in the prostate was ~ 12.5% lower, and the maximum 10 g average SAR was 44% lower for the array containing passively fed dipoles, resulting in ~ 15% higher SAR efficiency for the passively fed array. In vivo RF‐shimmed turbo spin echo images were acquired from both arrays, and showed image SNRs within 5% of one another.

Conclusion

A passive‐feeding network for meander‐dipole antennas has been shown to be a simple method to increase the SAR efficiency of a multi‐element array used for body imaging at high fields. We hypothesize that the main reason for the increase in SAR efficiency is the storage of the strong conservative electric field in the dielectric between the feeding element and the radiating element of the dipole. The passive‐feeding approach can be generalized to other dipole geometries and configurations.
Non‐Porous versus Mesoporous Siliceous Materials for CO2 Capture
Authors: Vittoni Chiara , Gatti Giorgio , Paul Geo , Mangano Enzo , Brandani Stefano , Bisio Chiara , Marchese Leonardo
Published: May 2019

In this study, the adsorption properties of a Stöber silica‐based material towards CO2 were evaluated for the first time. The use of Stöber silica as support is interesting for real technological applications mainly due to economic factors. Furthermore, a direct comparison between the non porous Stöber sample with an ordered porous material (based on MCM‐41 silica) allowed to evaluate the effect of the porosity on the CO2 adsorption properties. In order to make silica materials reactive towards CO2, they were functionalized by introducing amino groups via grafting of 3‐[2‐(2‐aminoethyl)aminoethyl]aminopropyltrimethoxysilane. After a qualitative study of the CO2 adsorption, the quantitative determination of CO2 adsorption capacity at 35 °C revealed that the mesoporous material is more efficient compared to the Stöber‐based one (adsorption capacity values of 0.49 and 0.58 mol/kg for Stöber‐based and mesoporous samples). However, since the difference in the adsorption capacity is only about 15 % and the Stöber‐based sample is considerably cheaper, the non‐porous sample should be considered as a favourable adsorbent material for CO2 capture applications.
Managing peritoneal involvement in children and young people with rhabdomyosarcoma: A single‐center experience from the United Kingdom
Authors: Roy Moulik Nirmalya , Vaidya Sucheta , Mandeville Henry , Chisholm Julia C.
Published: May 2019

We describe our experience in managing nine children and adolescents with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and peritoneal involvement. The radiological pattern of peritoneal involvement was diverse from only ascites to solid peritoneal mass/omental caking. Treatment included systemic chemotherapy in all, surgery in three, and radiotherapy in eight. Two patients with presumed nonmalignant ascites, no solid peritoneal metastasis, nonalveolar histology, near‐complete resection of residual disease, and radiotherapy survived long term. One patient has just completed treatment, and the remaining six relapsed/progressed at the time of reporting. Five of six patients died after a median of 5 (3–7) months from relapse despite second‐line chemotherapy.
Dielectric and mechanical optimization properties of porous poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) copolymer films for pseudo‐piezoelectric effect
Authors: Ennawaoui Chouaib , Lifi Houda , Hajjaji Abdelowahed , Samuel Cédric , Rguiti Mohamed , Touhtouh Samira , Azim Azeddine , Courtois Christian
Published: May 2019

In this article, the authors present a porous copolymer film with pseudo‐piezoelectric effects as a new candidate material for sensing applications. Porous films of poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) (EVA) with a thicknesses ranging from 160 to 310 μm are fabricated by a coextrusion chemical foaming process and charged using a high‐voltage contact charging process. Output performances (piezoelectric constant and relative permittivity) with related thermal/mechanical stability are specifically studied as a function of the film porosity and of the electrical charging process. The piezoelectric constantd33increases with the cell porosity and an interesting piezoelectric constant close to 5.1 pC/N is achieved with a porous EVA film containing 65% of porosity. Actual results are then discussed using a theoretical solid–gas multilayer model to describe and predict the pseudo‐piezoelectric effect of porous polymer materials. The originality of this work lies in the fact that all the steps leading to optimize pseudo piezoelectric films are included, and also in the use of EVA which is not a standard piezoelectric material. Therefore, this work is a contribution in the development of low‐cost piezoelectric materials with potential applications as sensor in different fields such as medical, security, environment, sport, and transport. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:1455–1461 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers
High‐Pressure Characterization of Melt‐Castable Biisoxazole Energetics: 3,3′‐Biisoxazole‐5,5′‐bis‐(Methylene) Dinitrate and 3,3′‐Biisoxazole‐4,4′,5,5′‐Tetrakis‐(Methylene Nitrate)
Authors: Bennion Jonathan C. , Lafond Patrick G. , Ciezak‐Jenkins Jennifer A.
Published: May 2019

The high‐pressure behavior of 3,3′‐biisoxazole‐5,5′‐bis‐(methylene) dinitrate (BIDN) and 3,3′‐biisoxazole‐4,4′,5,5′‐tetrakis‐(methylene nitrate) (BITN) have been studied at room temperature to 25 GPa by Raman spectroscopy and powder X‐ray diffraction. The Raman spectra, powder patterns, and calculated unit‐cell volumes at select pressures show qualitative agreement with first‐principles density function theory calculations. Over this pressure range, no evidence of polymorphism was observed. The lack of observed phase changes can be partially attributed to the strengthening of hydrogen bonding observed with pressure increase. These insights point to the potential importance of hydrogen bonding in potential melt‐castable materials.
Uterine receptivity, embryo attachment, and embryo invasion: Multistep processes in embryo implantation
Authors: Fukui Yamato , Hirota Yasushi , Matsuo Mitsunori , Gebril Mona , Akaeda Shun , Hiraoka Takehiro , Osuga Yutaka
Published: May 2019

Background

Recurrent implantation failure is a critical issue in IVF‐ET treatment. Successful embryo implantation needs appropriate molecular and cellular communications between embryo and uterus. Rodent models have been used intensively to understand these mechanisms.

Methods

The molecular and cellular mechanisms of embryo implantation were described by referring to the previous literature investigated by us and others. The studies using mouse models of embryo implantation were mainly cited.

Results

Progesterone (P4) produced by ovarian corpus luteum provides the uterus with receptivity to the embryo, and uterine epithelial growth arrest and stromal proliferation, what we call uterine proliferation‐differentiation switching (PDS), take place in the peri‐implantation period before embryo attachment. Uterine PDS is a hallmark of uterine receptivity, and several genes such as HAND2 and BMI1, control uterine PDS by modulating P4‐PR signaling. As the next implantation process, embryo attachment onto the luminal epithelium occurs. This process is regulated by FOXA2‐LIF pathway and planar cell polarity signaling. Then, the luminal epithelium at the embryo attachment site detaches from the stroma, which enables trophoblast invasion. This process of embryo invasion is regulated by HIF2α in the stroma.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that embryo implantation contains multistep processes regulated by specific molecular pathways.
Hierarchical Structure MnO2 Coated PDMS−Carbon Nanotube Sponge as Flexible Electrode for Electrocatalytic Water Splitting and High Performance Supercapacitor
Authors: Song Kun , Wang Xin , Zhang Bin , Li Junqing , Liu Peili , Yang Rui , Wang Jun
Published: May 2019

As a typical transition metal oxide, MnO2 has great potential in catalysis and energy storage, but its poor conductivity greatly limits its performance. PDMS−carbon nanotube sponges have excellent electrical conductivity and flexibility. Herein, according to the principle of complementary, we propose a novel hierarchical PDMS−carbon nanotube sponge@MnO2 electrode with uniform size and morphology. In view of the structural preponderances and multifunctional of the materials, the PDMS−carbon nanotube sponge@MnO2 has been investigated as the binder−free electrode materials for both supercapacitors and electrocatalysis applications. PDMS−carbon nanotube sponge@MnO2 electrode exhibits an admirable HER property with a low onset potential of 112 mV at −30 mA cm−2, a minimal overpotential (η=258 mV), a small Tafel slope (71 mV dec−1), large anodic currents and stability for 20 h in 0.1 M H2SO4 solution. Moreover, as supercapacitor electrode, the PDMS−carbon nanotube sponge@MnO2 electrode achieves a specific mass capacitance reaching 124.7 mF cm−2 at 1 A cm−2 and good flexibility, which are better than those ternary transition metal oxides. The assembled asymmetric device with the PDMS−carbon nanotube sponge@MnO2 and CNTs respectively as positive and negative electrode has a large window voltage of 1.4 V, and thus acquires an expected specific mass capacitance (422 mF cm−3 at the current density of 1 A cm−3) and an outstanding higher energy density of 15.3 W h kg−1 (at 371 W kg−1).