bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploiting immune cell metabolic machinery for functional HIV cure and the prevention of inflammaging
Authors: Palmer Clovis S. , Palchaudhuri Riya , Albargy Hassan , Abdel-Mohsen Mohamed , Crowe Suzanne M.
Published: January 2018

An emerging paradigm in immunology suggests that metabolic reprogramming and immune cell activation and functions are intricately linked. Viral infections, such as HIV infection, as well as cancer force immune cells to undergo major metabolic challenges. Cells must divert energy resources in order to mount an effective immune response. However, the fact that immune cells adopt specific metabolic programs to provide host defense against intracellular pathogens and how this metabolic shift impacts immune cell functions and the natural course of diseases have only recently been appreciated. A clearer insight into how these processes are inter-related will affect our understanding of several fundamental aspects of HIV persistence. Even in patients with long-term use of anti-retroviral therapies, HIV infection persists and continues to cause chronic immune activation and inflammation, ongoing and cumulative damage to multiple organs systems, and a reduction in life expectancy. HIV-associated fundamental changes to the metabolic machinery of the immune system can promote a state of “inflammaging”, a chronic, low-grade inflammation with specific immune changes that characterize aging, and can also contribute to the persistence of HIV in its reservoirs. In this commentary, we will bring into focus evolving concepts on how HIV modulates the metabolic machinery of immune cells in order to persist in reservoirs and how metabolic reprogramming facilitates a chronic state of inflammation that underlies the development of age-related comorbidities. We will discuss how immunometabolism is facilitating the changing paradigms in HIV cure research and outline the novel therapeutic opportunities for preventing inflammaging and premature development of age-related conditions in HIV+individuals.
Pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV-negative persons with partners living with HIV: uptake, use, and effectiveness in an open-label demonstration project in East Africa
Authors: Heffron Renee , Ngure Kenneth , Odoyo Josephine , Bulya Nulu , Tindimwebwa Edna , Hong Ting , Kidoguchi Lara , Donnell Deborah , Mugo Nelly R. , Bukusi Elizabeth A. , Katabira Elly , Asiimwe Stephen , Morton Jennifer , Morrison Susan , Haugen Harald , Mujugira Andrew , Haberer Jessica E. , Ware Norma C. , Wyatt Monique A. , Marzinke Mark A. , Frenkel Lisa M. , Celum Connie , Baeten Jared M. ,   The Partners Demonstration Project Team
Published: January 2018

Background: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) can provide high protection against HIV infection and is a recommended intervention for HIV-negative persons with substantial HIV risk.  Demonstration projects conducted in diverse settings worldwide illustrate practical examples of how PrEP can be delivered. This manuscript presents estimates of effectiveness and patterns of PrEP use within a two-year demonstration project of PrEP for HIV-negative members of heterosexual HIV serodiscordant couples in East Africa.

Methods: The PrEP delivery model integrated PrEP into HIV treatment services, prioritizing PrEP use for HIV-negative partners within serodiscordant couples before and during the first 6 months after the partner living with HIV initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART).  We measured PrEP uptake through pharmacy records and adherence to PrEP through medication event monitoring system (MEMS) bottle caps and quantification of tenofovir in plasma among a random sample of participants. We estimated HIV infections prevented using a counterfactual cohort simulated from the placebo arm of a previous PrEP clinical trial.

Results: We enrolled 1,010 HIV serodiscordant couples that were naïve to ART and PrEP.  Ninety-seven percent of HIV-negative partners initiated PrEP. Objective measures suggest high adherence: 71% of HIV-negative participants took ≥80% of expected doses, as recorded via MEMS, and 81% of plasma samples had tenofovir detected.  Four incident HIV infections were observed (incidence rate=0.24 per 100 person-years), a 95% reduction (95% CI 86-98%, p<0.0001) in HIV incidence, relative to estimated HIV incidence for the population in the absence of PrEP integrated into HIV treatment services.  

Conclusions: PrEP uptake and adherence were high and incident HIV was rare in this PrEP demonstration project for African HIV-negative individuals whose partners were known to be living with HIV.  Delivery of PrEP to HIV-negative partners within HIV serodiscordant couples was feasible and should be prioritized for wide-scale implementation.
Possibilities of Using "Sodium Fluoride, 18F" for Diagnostics of Bone Tumors by Positron Emission Tomography (Experimental Study)
Authors: Станжевский А. , Stanzhevskiy A. , Костеников Н. , Kostenikov N. , Клементьева О. , Klement'eva O. , Миролюбова О. , Mirolyubova O. , Кованько Е. , Kovan'ko E. , Дубровская В. , Dubrovskaya V. , Илющенко Е. , Ilyuschenko E. , Клестова О. , Klestova O.
Published: January 2018

Purpose: To study the potential of using radiopharmaceutical “Sodium Fluoride 18F” in order to reveal foci of malignant tumors in animals’ bones by positron emission tomography (PET).

Material and methods: Two experimental models (human prostate adenocarcinoma PC 3 and Pliss lymphosarcoma) were used. Tumor cell PC 3 suspensions were injected under a hip periosteum of the BALB/c nude line mice or outbred rats (Pliss lymphosarcoma). Radiopharmaceutical was injected into a tail vein of animals with developed tumors. Then PET scanning was performed for these animals.

Results: Effective half-life of radiopharmaceutical from blood was 9.45 min, from skeleton bones - 77.5 min and tumors – 99 min. The hyperfixation level of radiopharmaceutical in the tumor was sufficient to image tumors by PET. In areas of the tumor from cells of prostate adenocarcinoma PC 3 and Pliss lymphosarcoma the uptake rate of radiopharmaceutical was quite high during an hour that resulted in a high contrast image of tumors in animals’ bones. T/NT ratio tumor/bone in rats with Pliss lymphosarcoma was increased in the first 20 min after administration of the radiopharmaceutical, and then slowly decreased. Nevertheless, in 40 minutes after injection of the radiopharmaceutical T/NT ratio tumor/bone remained quite high – more then 1.7, and T/NT ratio tumor/muscle exceeded to 9.0.

Conclusion: The uptake level and fixation time of the radiopharmaceutical in tumor foci, as well as low activity value and its rapid excretion from intact tissues show the expediency of the use of “Sodium Fluoride 18F” to diagnose intraosseous foci of malignant diseases.
Recommendations on the Use of Ultrasound Guidance for Adult Thoracentesis: A Position Statement of the Society of Hospital Medicine
Authors: Dancel Ria , Schnobrich Daniel , Puri Nitin , Franco‐Sadud Ricardo , Cho Joel , Grikis Loretta , Lucas Brian P. , El‐Barbary Mahmoud ,   Society of Hospital Medicine Point of Care Ultrasound Task Force, Soni Nilam J.
Published: January 2018

Executive Summary

1) We recommend that ultrasound should be used to guide thoracentesis to reduce the risk of complications, the most common being pneumothorax. 2) We recommend that ultrasound guidance should be used to increase the success rate of thoracentesis. 3) We recommend that ultrasound‐guided thoracentesis should be performed or closely supervised by experienced operators. 4) We suggest that ultrasound guidance be used to reduce the risk of complications from thoracentesis in mechanically ventilated patients. 5) We recommend that ultrasound should be used to identify the chest wall, pleura, diaphragm, lung, and subdiaphragmatic organs throughout the respiratory cycle before selecting a needle insertion site. 6) We recommend that ultrasound should be used to detect the presence or absence of an effusion and approximate the volume of pleural fluid to guide clinical decision‐making. 7) We recommend that ultrasound should be used to detect complex sonographic features, such as septations, to guide clinical decision‐making regarding the timing and method of pleural drainage. 8) We suggest that ultrasound be used to measure the depth from the skin surface to the parietal pleura to help select an appropriate length needle and determine the maximum needle insertion depth. 9) We suggest that ultrasound be used to evaluate normal lung sliding pre‐ and postprocedure to rule out pneumothorax. 10) We suggest avoiding delay or interval change in patient position from the time of marking the needle insertion site to performing the thoracentesis. 11) We recommend against performing routine postprocedure chest radiographs in patients who have undergone thoracentesis successfully with ultrasound guidance and are asymptomatic with normal lung sliding postprocedure. 12) We recommend that novices who use ultrasound guidance for thoracentesis should receive focused training in lung and pleural ultrasonography and hands‐on practice in procedural technique. 13) We suggest that novices undergo simulation‐based training prior to performing ultrasound‐guided thoracentesis on patients. 14) Learning curves for novices to become competent in lung ultrasound and ultrasound‐guided thoracentesis are not completely understood, and we recommend that training should be tailored to the skill acquisition of the learner and the resources of the institution.
La 'Dimensión Imposible'. Estrategias de alteración de la percepción y las ideas en tre el arte y la arquitectura desde la segunda mitad del siglo XX.
Authors: Navarro Jover Luis
Published: January 2018

"El objeto tiene dos dimensionalidades contradictorias, una dimensión visible y una dimensión imposible”. Georges DIDI-HUBERMAN.A lo largo de la historia y especialmente durante el siglo XX, artistas y arquitectos han demostrado la capacidad de generar procesos abiertos, permeables, cambiantes, indefinidos, variables, en donde el objeto artístico, la obra arquitectónica se transforma, muta o directamente adquiere un nuevo significado a través de una nueva contextualización del mismo.Artista y espectador, arquitecto y observador han establecido unas nuevas leyes que nos permiten aproximarnos al objeto desde visiones que tienen que ver con lo sensorial, lo energético o lo virtual. Y estas experiencias se han movido e intercambiando entre el arte y la arquitectura de forma continua y recíproca dando lugar a experiencias mucho más ricas e interesantes.Esta arquitectura 'equívoca', ambigua entre lo que representa y la forma en que es nombrada, logra combinar acertadamente las partes, los elementos, las referencias, para construir un conjunto nuevo, con un nuevo sentido y mucho más rico en su significado.
Características de Personalidade das Mulheres Vítimas de Violência Doméstica
Authors: Souza Marjane Bernardy , Silva Maria Fernanda Silva da , Tavares Renata Nunes , Souza Natasha Figueiró de , Rivas Bruna Marcante Brana , Costa Clíssia Natani Machado , Carvalho Joice Laine de
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: Identificar características de personalidade das mulheres vítimas de violência doméstica. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, realizada no ano de 2015, no município de São Jerônimo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Participaram quatro mulheres que sofreram violência doméstica, com idades variando entre 27 e 45 anos, avaliadas através da técnica de Rorschach, de acordo com Vaz (1997/2014). Resultados: Os principais achados atestam que todas as participantes da pesquisa apresentam prejuízo na capacidade de adaptação e dificuldades nos relacionamentos interpessoais. A capacidade de suportar conflitos e tensões está prejudicada pelas condições intelectuais, que está relacionada à percepção da realidade e as habilidades intelectivas. Apresentam, de acordo com os dados, componentes compatíveis com alguns transtornos de personalidade relacionados a características depressivas, obsessivas, de ansiedade e identidade de gênero. Conclusão: Os resultados apontaram que a violência doméstica deixa marcas profundas no psiquismo da mulher.
Por um novo modelo de saúde no Brasil
Authors: Melo Manuela Sobral Bentes de
Published: January 2018

Resumo: A saúde pública no Brasil tem passado por diversas mudanças ao longo dos anos, mas que não foram efetivas em sanar questões importantes sobre uma gestão deficiente.  É de grande importância que os gestores indicados para tais funções, estejam qualificados para o enfrentamento dos graves problemas que assolam o sistema atualmente. O objetivo do editorial é discutir e comentar uma visão realista desta problemática, de forma a tentar alertar a comunidade científica sobre tais desafios. Diante disso, é urgente que os gestores públicos se apropriem da realidade e que sejam mais ágeis em implementar ações, que sejam capazes de mudar o atual estado da saúde da população.
Espiritualidade Enquanto Estratégia Subjetiva em Busca de Sentido para a Vida
Authors: Souza João Paulo Bezerra de , Maranhão Thércia Lucena Grangeiro , Carvalho Maria das Graças De , Rodrigues Katissa Galgânia Feitosa Coutinho
Published: January 2018

O presente artigo tem como pergunta norteadora: como a espiritualidade ampara o sofrimento do sujeito, dando sentido a sua vida? Teve-se como objetivo geral analisar como a espiritualidade favorece a ressignificação do eu dando amparo e sentido a sua vida. Pretende-se também identificar se a religiosidade/espiritualidade, podem contribuir a qualidade de vida em termos gerais do sujeito. Deve-se ainda, estudar a associação entre a espiritualidade enquanto atividade complementar na promoção da saúde das pessoas. Considera-se necessário, analisar se a espiritualidade com o intuito de promover a redução do sofrimento diante o desamparo fundamental do homem.  A escolha do tema ocorreu a partir do interesse pessoal em conhecer e compreender como a espiritualidade ampara o sujeito em sua busca pelo sentido da vida. Ao final do trabalho percebeu-se a relevância do tema e a existência de poucos trabalhos com esta relação validados pela psicologia, como sendo um assunto que deve ser mais discutido. Palavras chaves: Psicologia; Religiosidade; Espiritualidade.
Psicologia e Arquitetura: Como a Einfühlung e a Gestalt atuam nos ambientes
Authors: Dallastra Maurício , Ogura Caroline , Gazzoni Bruna , Brescovit Luiz Eduardo , Costa Bruna Lopes
Published: January 2018

O presente artigo tem como objetivo expor a importância do conhecimento sobre como as formas e a disposição dos elementos que estão ao redor podem interferir no cotidiano e na maneira como os indivíduos percebem o ambiente. Para tanto adotou-se as teorias de einfühlung e os princípios da Gestalt. O artigo foi elaborado tendo como metodologia pesquisa em referências bibliográficas e estudos relacionados tanto à arquitetura quando à psicologia e a relação intrínseca entre ambas. Diante do interesse dos autores, houve o aprofundamento em leituras para que as informações pudessem levantar questões pertinentes quanto à relação da arquitetura no cotidiano das pessoas e como a psicologia se faz presente em ambientes projetados. Como resultado, concluiu-se que as formas e os elementos arquitetônicos são instrumentos capazes de promover sensações e emoções, mesmo que de forma subconsciente, afirmando, desta forma, a intrínseca relação entre o ramo da arquitetura com a psicologia. Palavras-chave: Psicologia ambiental. Einfühlung. Gestalt.
Hepatite C: Riscos e Consequências em Usuários de Drogas
Authors: Araújo Maria Iara Alves , Pinheiro Bruno De Mendonça , Araújo Itamar Alves , Bernardo Gabriel Pereira , Bernardo Lorena Pereira , Parente Lucas Leimig Telles , Telles Maria Valéria Leimig
Published: January 2018

A hepatite C é uma inflamação hepática que, de acordo com a Organização Mundial da Saúde, atinge cerca de 130 milhões de pessoas. Ela pode estar relacionada a diversos fatores, como o uso de alguns fármacos, a intoxicação por agroquímicos e a contaminação por agentes infecciosos. A sintomatologia, em sua maioria, é crônica; por isso, em muitos casos, leva anos para manifestar os sintomas. Portanto, normalmente muitas pessoas são infectadas mas não sabem, visto que a identificação dos sintomas é decorrente de um longo período. Objetivo: Elucidar o impacto da Hepatite C na qualidade de vida de pacientes usuários de drogas. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica com base em artigos disponíveis nas bases de dados SciELO, LILACS e PubMed. Os descritores empregados na busca foram: hepatite C, abuso de substâncias por via intravenosa, vírus da hepatite, uso comum de agulhas e seringas, genótipo do HCV, virologia do HCV e seus correspondentes em inglês. Os critérios de inclusão foram: estudos empíricos sobre o alto risco de infecção em usuários de drogas e estudos voltados para os problemas psicológicos e sociais; e o de exclusão: artigos direcionados para outros tipos de hepatite. Ademais, apenas artigos publicados a partir do ano 2000 foram relevantes para a extração de dados. Foram encontrados 1.144 artigos. Desse total, foram apurados 31 com base nos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Discussão: A partir dos dados encontrados, analisou-se que a Hepatite C não possui a mesma atenção social que é voltada para outras doenças, como o HIV. Além disso, foi revelado o baixo nível de conhecimentos das pessoas a respeito dessa doença. Conclusão: Com as análises, pode-se perceber a alta prevalência do vírus da hepatite C em usuários de drogas injetáveis e as consequências da manifestação silenciosa da doença seguidas pelas dificuldades de lidar com o diagnóstico - transtornos mentais e sociais.
Estado de Coisas Inconstitucional e Ativismo Judicial: Uma Abordagem Jusfilosófica
Authors: Barros Filho Geraldo Carreiro de , Farias Athena De Albuquerque , Garcia Joelma Dos Santos Barbosa Linhares , Marinho Gisanne De Oliveira , Carreiro Larissa Sampaio Gonçalves , Diniz Ítalo De Queiroz
Published: January 2018

O Instituto do Estado de Coisas Inconstitucional no Direito Brasileiro é motivador deste trabalho por serem momentos processuais atípicos, embora existentes no cotidiano das cortes e por terem nesta relação a obrigatoriedade do exercício da hermenêutica própria, exigindo exercício dialético contínuo. Considerando o embate intelectual de grandes juristas do início do século XX acerca do tema proposto, que seja, Estado de Coisas Inconstitucional e Ativismo Judicial, propõe exercício de aproximação dos juízos de filósofos seus pontos de vista e saberes críticos; com análise da lógica construtiva, pela adequação do bom saber e sua aplicabilidade. Destarte, o exercício de hermenêutica jurídico-operacional, de dialética devidamente acatada na seara em estudo; por contraposição de ideias para se alcançar o objetivo proposto inicial e tentativa de trazer-se a lume o que se entende a respeito das influências explícitas e declinadas nos espaços jurídicos. Este fenômeno jurídico arrasta conjuntamente ao atrito institucional entre os três Poderes. Por fim considera-se que haja uma nova abordagem ao Direito contemporâneo e que se vislumbre a possibilidade de um “neopositivismo” conceitual. Tal declaração alerta para decisões futuras sinalizando aos Poderes que não se deve deixar ao largo situações que tragam a insegurança jurídica à seara do ordenamento jurídico pátrio por se perceber que o sistema processual jurídico é rede intricada e transdisciplinar – processo dialético à aplicabilidade do direito que segue na busca do justo à lide.
Efeitos da Mobilização Neural na Incapacidade Funcional em Pacientes com Hérnia de Disco Cervical
Authors: Santana Júnior Virgilio , Coelho Tácila Ribeiro
Published: January 2018

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o efeito da Mobilização Neural em pacientes com hérnia de disco cervical. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo de corte transversal com abordagem quantitativa, realizado com dois indivíduos, sendo um do sexo masculino e outro do sexo feminino. Aplicou-se um questionário sociodemográfico, questionário de McGill e a Escala Visual Analógica para a identificação das variáveis do estudo. O tratamento foi feito com a Mobilização Neural em dezesseis sessões. Pode-se observar um decréscimo da percepção de dor através da Escala Visual Analógica. Por meio da aplicação do McGill foi possível evidenciar que o subgrupo de maior índice de dor nos dois indivíduos foi o de experiência dolorosa. Na avaliação da goniometria evidenciou crescimento constante da média de angulação do indivíduos avaliados para todas as categorias de manobras. A mobilização neural no tratamento de pacientes com hérnia de disco cervical mostrou ser eficaz.
Prevalência de Recém Nascidos Pré-Termo de Mães Adolescentes
Authors: Bulhões Thaynan Rocha Brito de , Alves Jacielle Brito , Moreno Camila Amaral , Silva Thamara Brito , Dutra Laisla Pires
Published: January 2018

Resumo: A gravidez na adolescência é considerada um problema de saúde pública, devido os sérios comprometimentos obstétricos e danos irreversíveis ao recém-nascido, dentre eles a predisposição para o parto prematuro, baixo peso ao nascer e aborto espontâneo, contribuindo assim para elevadas taxas de morbimortalidade materna e infantil. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a prevalência de nascimentos pré-termo de mães adolescentes. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico de caráter descritivo, exploratório e de abordagem quantitativa. Com um total de 87 Declarações de Nascidos Vivos (DNV) e natimortos avaliados, de recém-nascidos com a idade gestacional menor que 37 semanas e idade materna entre 10 e 19 anos, que ocorreram no período de janeiro a junho de 2017. A análise foi realizada a partir de elementos da estatística descritiva dos dados, desvio-padrão, média e por meio de tabelas de frequência com número de indivíduos e percentual pelo SPSS 22.0. O resultado do estudo verificou que a prevalência de partos prematuros em mães adolescentes foi de 10%.
Análise da função sexual e imagem genital em primíparas e multíparas pós-parto vaginal
Authors: Silva Thamara Brito , Bulhões Thaynan Rocha Brito de , Cirqueira Rosana Porto , Ferreira Juliana Barros
Published: January 2018

o objetivo desse estudo foi analisar e comparar a função sexual e a imagem genital em primíparas e multíparas pós-parto vaginal. Trata-se de um estudo observacional e analítico. Os dados foram resultantes da aplicação de três questionários: um com dados sociodemográficos, o Female Sexual Function Inde (FSFI) que avalia a função sexual, e o Female Genital Self-Image Scale (FGSIS) que avalia a imagem genital. O público acessível foi de 48 mulheres, primíparas e multíparas pós-parto vaginal. A análise dos dados foi realizada através do programa software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versão 22.0. Foi utilizado o teste do U Mann Whitney para as correlações entre as variáveis do estudo e o teste de qui-quadrado (p<0.05) (IC= 0,95). O resultado desse estudo mostrou, que as mulheres multíparas apresentaram um percentual menor de disfunção sexual (12%) do que as primíparas (34,8%). No quesito ausência de distorção da imagem genital a amostra das multíparas foi maior que o das primíparas, apresentando 52,0% e 43,5% respectivamente, nas primíparas a distorção na imagem genital está correlacionada com a disfunção sexual (p <0.05). Esse estudo concluiu que mulheres multíparas apresentaram melhores níveis de satisfação sexual e um menor grau de distorção na imagem genital quando comparado às mulheres primíparas. Pouco se sabe da relação que o tipo e número de parto pode influenciar na função sexual, bem como a imagem que a mulher estabelece a sua genitália, sendo necessário mais estudos voltados para essa temática.
Satisfação dos usuários com os serviços do Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS em um município do sertão de Pernambuco
Authors: Cruz Ially Luana De Carvalho Martins , Parente Alaine Santos , Mesquita Fabíola Olinda de Souza , Jerônimo Aline Silva
Published: January 2018

A satisfação do usuário é considerada como diretriz orientadora para que os gestores de saúde programem melhorias dos serviços públicos. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo identificar a satisfação dos usuários dos serviços públicos de saúde no município de Salgueiro PE, acerca do acolhimento, resolutividade, acesso e tempo de espera para atendimento. Foi realizado estudo descritivo de abordagem quantitativa. 56,41% considerou o acolhimento bom; para 84,62% o serviço é resolutivo; 61,54% considera o acesso bom; 56,41% mostraram-se insatisfeitos com o tempo para atendimento. A maior parte dos usuários mostrou-se satisfeitos com os serviços de saúde municipais.
A Didática da Leitura nas primeiras séries do Ensino Fundamental I: Uma Reflexão Pedagógica
Authors: Matos Maria das Dores De , Rodrigues Penha Sebastião Da Silva
Published: January 2018

Sabe-se que muitas vezes o processo de leitura apresenta-se de forma fragmentada e descontextualizada da realidade social, sendo encarada, muitas vezes, como algo meramente artificial. Devido a isso, os professores encontram dificuldades em alcançar bons resultados nos seus trabalhos. Partindo então do pressuposto, o estímulo à leitura tem sido objeto de preocupação no âmbito escolar, pois na atualidade o maior desafio do professor é fazer com que a criança ou jovem realmente queira aprender. È inegável que o ato de ler é fundamental na formação do aluno e que considerável parcela ou toda a responsabilidade no desenvolvimento das habilidades de leitura recai sobre a escola.  Nesse sentido, considera-se a leitura como algo essencial a qualquer ser humano, ainda mais percebendo sua importância no contexto atual, visto que, é através da mesma que tomamos conhecimentos dos nossos direitos e deveres enquanto cidadãos, para a existência e a possibilidade de uma vida humana participativa, na qual os indivíduos sejam capazes de expressar seus diversos pontos de vista, sua liberdade de usufruir de valores e bens de um determinado contexto partilhando deveres e poderes que pressupõe a existência de uma vida melhor em sociedade. É importante que se destaque a importância da interpretação de textos como agentes de transformação de jovens leitores e até mesmo da própria sociedade. Ler e compreender são uma forma de satisfazer muitas necessidades, ampliando e enriquecendo experiências através da riqueza de vocabulários da mudança de pontos de vista e da aquisição de novos valores. Este artigo objetiva investigar na literatura as práticas da leitura como fator social e transformador.
La internacionalización de la extensión universitaria en clave de integración regional. La experiencia de la Universidad Nacional del Litoral
Authors: Buscemi Amelia
Published: February 2018

Internacionalización; Extensión universitaria; Integración regional; Redes interuniversitarias; Universidad Nacional del Litoral
Summary of Eighth Meeting on Hot Subdwarfs and Related Objects
Authors: Lynas-Gray Anthony Eugene
Published: January 2018

Subjects discussed during the Eighth Meeting on Hot Subdwarfs and Related Objects are summarised. In particular, a succinct presentation is given of challenges to stellar evolution arising from recent observations. Mention is also made of topics not covered in the meeting such as the need for small revisions to stellar envelope opacities currently in use. I conclude with a brief discussion of current developments which will influence future hot subdwarf research and necessary initiatives that need to be taken.
Amine-Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: A New Nanoantibiotic for Bone Infection Treatment
Authors: Pedraza Daniel , Díez Jaime , Isabel-Izquierdo-Barba  , Colilla Montserrat , Vallet-Regí María
Published: January 2018

This manuscript reports an effective new alternative for the management of bone infection by the development of an antibiotic nanocarrier able to penetrate bacterial biofilm, thus enhancing antimicrobial effectiveness. This nanosystem, also denoted as “nanoantibiotic”, consists in mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) loaded with an antimicrobial agent (levofloxacin, LEVO) and externally functionalized with N-(2-aminoethyl)-3- aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (DAMO) as targeting agent. This amine functionalization provides MSNs of positive charges, which improves the affinity towards the negatively charged bacteria wall and biofilm. Physical and chemical properties of the nanoantibiotic were studied using different characterization techniques, including Xray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N2 adsorption porosimetry, elemental chemical analysis, dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta (ζ)-potential and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). “In vial” LEVO release profiles and the in vitro antimicrobial effectiveness of the different released doses were investigated. The efficacy of the nanoantibiotic against a S. aureus biofilm was also determined, showing the practically total destruction of the biofilm due to the high penetration ability of the developed nanosystem. These findings open up promising expectations in the field of bone infection treatment.
Revealing pathway cross-talk related to diabetes mellitus by Monte Carlo Cross-Validation analysis
Authors: Cai Han-Qing , Lv Shi-Hong , Shi Chun-Jing
Published: January 2018

Objective

To explore potential functional biomarkers in diabetes mellitus (DM) by utilizing gene pathway cross-talk.

Methods

Firstly, potential disrupted pathways that were enriched by differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified based on biological pathways downloaded from the Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA) database. In addition, we quantified the pathway crosstalk for each pair of pathways based on Discriminating Score (DS). Random forest (RF) classification was then employed to find the top 10 pairs of pathways with a high area under the curve (AUC) value between DM samples versus normal samples based on 10-fold cross-validation. Finally, a Monte Carlo Cross-Validation was applied to demonstrate the identified pairs of pathways by a mutual information analysis.

Results

A total of 247 DEGs in normal and disease samples were identified. Based on the F-test, 50 disrupted pathways were obtained with false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.01. Simultaneously, after calculating the DS, the top 10 pairs of pathways were selected based on a higher AUC value as measured by RF classification. From the Monte Carlo Cross-Validation, we considered the top 10 pairs of pathways with higher AUC values ranked for all 50 bootstraps as the most frequently detected ones.

Conclusion

The pairs of pathways identified in our study might be key regulators in DM.
Sustainable landscape management based on cultural ecosystem services
Authors: Palacios-Agundez Igone , Peña Lorena , Ametzaga-Arregi Ibone , Rodríguez-Loinaz Gloria , Onaindia Miren
Published: January 2018

To sustain cultural ecosystem services and cultural heritage it is important to go in depth in the science policy interface, because efficient governance mechanisms emerge from the cooperation of scientists and practitioners. In the Basque Country, we are on the road towards adaptive and resilient landscape management through an integrative approach that enhances the link between science, policy-making and society. Key elements of this approach are: The establishment from the outset of a transdisciplinar community of practice; the creation of specific transdisciplinar working groups to go in depth with concrete applicability measures; a strong outreach strategy and educational programs development; and last but not least, the involvement of stakeholders at multiple stage of the process. Diverse research lines are carried out during the process (e.g. mapping ecosystems services, analyzing social perceptions), whose results are combined to help identify response options for sustainable landscape. Relevant policy implementations of the results of this broad research are already taking place in the Basque Country. The proved utility of this working mechanism makes key agents to continue involved, and to attract more agents into the process. These transdisciplinary processes facilitate the creation of synergies and win-win solutions towards sustainable management of cultural ecosystem services.
Obese phenotype and natriuretic peptides in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Clerico Aldo , Zaninotto Martina , Passino Claudio , Plebani Mario
Published: January 2018

The results of several recent experimental studies using animal models and clinical trials suggested that obesity is not merely an epiphenomenon or a prominent comorbidity in patients with heart failure (HF). Indeed, recent studies suggest that obesity is intimately involved in the pathogenesis of HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The most recent studies indicate that approximately 50% of HF patients have HFpEF. As standard pharmacological treatment usually shows only a weak or even neutral effect on primary outcomes in patients with HFpEF, treatment strategies targeted to specific groups of HFpEF patients, such as those with obesity, may increase the likelihood of reaching substantial clinical benefit. Considering the well-known inverse relationship between body mass index (BMI) values and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels, it is theoretically conceivable that the measurement of natriuretic peptides, using cutoff values adjusted for age and BMI, should increase diagnostic and prognostic accuracy in HFpEF patients. However, further experimental studies and clinical trials are needed to differentiate and better understand specific mechanisms of the various HFpEF phenotypes, including obese HFpEF.
Still marginalized: Gender inequalities in the largest Polish daily’s sports coverage
Authors: Zbigniew Dziubiński , Organista Natalia , Mazur Zuzanna
Published: January 2018

The studies conducted over recent decades on media sports coverage indicatedmajor underrepresentation of women’s sports. The underrepresentation of women’s sports in the media is aligned with the perception of sport as a masculine construct with sportswomen as the ‘other’. However, most studies were conducted in English-speaking countries. In this article we present our findings of press media coverage in Poland. The aim of the study was to provide an analysis of sports press coverage in the largest Polish daily, Gazeta Wyborcza, with respect to gender inequality. The chosen method was content analysis. The results show an underrepresentation of women’s sports in the examined press coverage – only 12.5% of all articles concerned female sports. Qualitative analysis demonstrates that the articles differed in terms of the athletes’ gender as well. The study highlighted the gender-dependent nature of the examined sports press coverage in Poland.
Perceptual processes and political participation: Do the presumed reach and the presumed influence of social media affect political activities via Facebook and Twitter?
Authors: Bernhard Uli , Dohle Marco
Published: January 2018

The perception that many other people are being reached and affected by political communication can be a reason for intensifying one’s own communication activities. An online survey among German citizens (n = 2,957) was carried out to determine whether this is also true for political communication activities via social media. Results show that the presumed reach and the presumed influence of Facebook and Twitter with regard to the individual’s circle of friends/acquaintances affect the intensity of online communication. However, perceptions concerning the population in general are not relevant. This indicates that individuals primarily address their own social environment with their political social networking practices. Thus, by concentrating on perceptual processes, the findings contribute to shedding light on the causes and motives for political communication activities in the social media world.
Framing Sálvame: Public debates on taste, quality and television in Spain
Authors: Besalú Reinald , Oliva Mercè , Pérez-Latorre Óliver
Published: January 2018

The main aim of this article is to analyze the social circulation of discourses on non-hegemonic cultural practices, in particular,
on what is called “trash TV”, and how they are connected to struggles over cultural and social hierarchies. To do so, it takes a specific
event as starting point: the injunction that the CNMC (the Spanish broadcasting regulatory body) filed against Mediaset
(a commercial TV operator) to adjust the contents of Sálvame Diario (a celebrity gossip program frequently associated with
“trash TV”) to the requirements of what is known as the “child protection time slot”. This paper uses constructionist framing to analyze how
this event was discussed by different social actors. Our analysis shows that while the CNMC and the press painted the conflict as a legal issue,
Sálvame and social media users focused their discussion on the social acceptability of celebrity gossip media and their
viewers (specifically working-class women).
The Interactive Communication Process (ICP): A model for integrating science, academia, and profession
Authors: Mas Manchón Lluís , Rodero Emma
Published: January 2018

A closer look at the three areas of action in communication permits us to conclude that the discipline faces a serious crisis.
First, an epistemological review shows a fragmented body of theories. Secondly, there is a plurality of separate traditions within
academia. Third, the professional field is technology-centered and lacks expertise since there is little connection between theory
and practice. Our goal is to analyze the three-fold state of the discipline and to propose a conciliatory model. The Interactive
Communication Process (ICP) is based on an interactive process in which a human subsystem (a processor), conditioned by his or
her psychological and social and cultural state, interacts with another communicative subsystem (another human or a technological
processor) to elaborate or process a message conveyed through some space (channel) in a certain time (synchronous or asynchronous).
Preconditioning methods for eddy-current optimally controlled time-harmonic electromagnetic problems
Authors: Axelsson Owe , Lukáš Dalibor
Published: January 2018

Time-harmonic problems arise in many important applications, such as eddy current optimally controlled electromagnetic problems. Eddy current modelling can also be used in non-destructive testings of conducting materials. Using a truncated Fourier series to approximate the solution, for linear problems the equation for different frequencies separate, so it suffices to study solution methods for the problem for a single frequency.

The arising discretized system takes a two-by-two or four-by-four block matrix form. Since the problems are in general three-dimensional in space and hence of very large scale, one must use an iterative solution method. It is then crucial to construct efficient preconditioners.

It is shown that an earlier used preconditioner for optimal control problems is applicable here also and leads to very tight eigenvalue bounds and hence very fast convergence such as for a Krylov subspace iterative solution method. A comparison is done with an earlier used block diagonal preconditioner.
Low dose aspirin for preventing fetal growth restriction: a randomised trial
Authors: Stanescu Anca-Daniela , Banica Roxana , Sima Romina-Marina , Ples Liana
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate when in pregnancy to stop the administration of low dose aspirin (150 mg/daily) so as to prevent fetal growth restriction (FGR) A randomised, placebo-controlled study was designed. The patients were all screened positive using the Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) early pregnancy screening test for preeclampsia (PE) and FGR prediction. One hundred and fifty patients were enrolled and divided equally into three groups: A – the controls who received placebo treatment; B – those who received aspirin till 32 weeks of gestation and C – those who received aspirin till 36 weeks of gestation. The mean gestational age at enrollment was similar for all the groups (12.4 weeks). The growth curves, fetal and maternal Doppler measurements and amniotic fluid index (AFI) were monitored every 4 weeks. Also, the outcome of the pregnancy was noted and all the results were compared between the groups. FGR was defined as a fetal weight below the 10th centile for gestational age. In group C, there were less cases of FGR compared with the other groups: 6% vs. 10% in group B vs. 24% in controls. Also, there was a significant birth weight improvement in this group with a median of 3180 g compared with 2950 g in group B and 2760 g in group A (P=0.01). The gestational age at delivery was similar in all the groups (39 weeks in group C/39.2 weeks in group B/38.6 weeks in group A). In conclusion, low dose aspirin improves the outcome in the selected population and should be offered for prevention of FGR from 12 to 36 weeks.
Population status and migration trends of Marco Polo argali (Ovis ammon polii) in Pakistan
Authors: Haider Jibran , Khan Muhammad Zafar , Anwer Maqsood , Ali Shaukat , Ali Hussain
Published: January 2018

Marco Polo sheep (Ovis ammon polii) occurring in the rugged mountainous landscapes of Central and South Asia, are difficult to survey and conserve due to their straggling habits in remote and inhospitable habitats. The paper presents population estimates and migration trends of Marco Polo sheep in Khunjerab, Pakistan, over 20 years (1992–2012), determined through direct count method. During this period a total of 1069 sheep visited Pakistan, with mean annual herd size of 76.35 (SD=±40.87). Sex ratio in the population skewed towards females, having male:female ratio of 0.69:1 with 43 lambs to 100 ewes. Annual population density of the immigrant populations oscillated between 0.42 and 2.13 animals/km2 (SD=±0.53). The visitation showed drastic decline over 20 years, possibly due to fencing at the Sino-Pakistan border and dietary competition with wild herbivores. Fewer lambs in summer populations is another point of concern, probably as result of predation of young cohort by avian and mammalian predators. Removing obstructions on migratory routes and reducing dietary competition with sympatric herbivores are suggested for viability of argali populations in Pakistan.
Radial Extension, Prototypicality, and Tectonic Equivalence
Authors: Shaver Stephen R.
Published: January 2018

In his book “Without Metaphor, No Saving God: Theology After Cognitive Linguistics”, Robert Masson describes a metaphoric process by which newly accepted truths emerge: for example, in the assertion “Jesus is the Messiah,” Christians reconfigure the field of meanings associated with an existing concept from the Hebrew scriptures (messiah) by asserting its identification with Jesus. Masson dubs this process a “tectonic equivalence” or “tectonic shift.” In this paper I build on Masson‘s work by examining some of the shifts he describes as tectonic through the lens of the cognitive linguistics concepts of radial extension and polysemy. I propose that a lasting tectonic shift may be understood as a blend creating a radial extension that substantially alters the category structure of the original source frame so that the blended space comes to be understood as a central instance of that category. Such an approach allows a fruitful analysis of the similarities and differences among three example blends: god is a rock, jesus is the messiah, and jesus is god.
Genetic algorithm optimization for dynamic construction site layout planning
Authors: Farmakis Panagiotis M. , Chassiakos Athanasios P.
Published: January 2018

The dynamic construction site layout planning (DCSLP) problem refers to the efficient placement and relocation of temporary construction facilities within a dynamically changing construction site environment considering the characteristics of facilities and work interrelationships, the shape and topography of the construction site, and the time-varying project needs. A multi-objective dynamic optimization model is developed for this problem that considers construction and relocation costs of facilities, transportation costs of resources moving from one facility to another or to workplaces, as well as safety and environmental considerations resulting from facilities’ operations and interconnections. The latter considerations are taken into account in the form of preferences or constraints regarding the proximity or remoteness of particular facilities to other facilities or work areas. The analysis of multiple project phases and the dynamic facility relocation from phase to phase highly increases the problem size, which, even in its static form, falls within the NP (for Nondeterministic Polynomial time)- hard class of combinatorial optimization problems. For this reason, a genetic algorithm has been implemented for the solution due to its capability to robustly search within a large solution space. Several case studies and operational scenarios have been implemented through the Palisade’s Evolver software for model testing and evaluation. The results indi­cate satisfactory model response to time-varying input data in terms of solution quality and computation time. The model can provide decision support to site managers, allowing them to examine alternative scenarios and fine-tune optimal solutions according to their experience by introducing desirable preferences or constraints in the decision process.
An integration of spreadsheet and project management software for cost optimal time scheduling in construction
Authors: Valenko Tadej , Klanšek Uroš
Published: January 2018

Successful performance and completion of construction projects highly depend on an adequate time scheduling of the project activities. On implementation of time scheduling, the execution modes of activities are most often required to be set in a manner that enables in achieving the minimum total project cost. This paper presents an approach to cost optimal time scheduling, which integrates a spreadsheet application and data transfer to project management software (PMS). At this point, the optimization problem of project time scheduling is modelled employing Microsoft Excel and solved to optimality using Solver while organization of data is dealt by macros. Thereupon, Microsoft Project software is utilized for further managing and presentation of optimized time scheduling solution. In this way, the data flow between programs is automated and possibilities of error occurrence during scheduling process are reduced to a minimum. Moreover, integration of spreadsheet and PMS for cost optimal time scheduling in construction is performed within well-known program environment that increases the possibilities of its wider use in practice. An application example is shown in this paper to demonstrate the advantages of proposed approach.