bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maternal Experience Leads to Lasting Gene Expression Changes in Some Regions of the Mouse Brain
Authors: Arbeitman Michelle N
Published: June 2019

Rodent maternal behaviors are due to the coordinated effects of fluctuating hormones, with their onset triggered by interactions with newborn pups. Previous studies have shown that many genes have changes in expression during peripartum stages. However, it is unclear if there are long-lasting changes in gene expression, well after the performance of maternal behaviors, that could influence physiology and behavior throughout the remaining lifespan. Here, gene expression differences were examined in mouse between age-matched virgin and primiparous females, at least 4 weeks after weaning. Of the five brain regions examined—hypothalamus, hippocampus, cortex, cerebellum, and the amygdala—only the hypothalamus had thousands of genes with significant expression differences. The cerebellum had 130 genes with expression differences, and the other brain regions had no significant changes detected. The expression changes in the hypothalamus include an enrichment of genes that could mediate long-lasting behavioral and physiological changes, given their known roles in parental behavior, including galanin and prolactin receptor.
Desempenho balístico de estruturas multicamadas à base de alumina/epóxi
Authors: Polla M. B. , Fabris D. C. N. , Noni Jr. A. De , Montedo O. R. K.
Published: June 2019

Resumo Alumina é comumente utilizada em blindagens compostas. Apresenta baixa tenacidade à fratura e esta propriedade está relacionada à resistência a múltiplos disparos. Com o intuito de melhorar a durabilidade em campo uma alternativa seria utilizar cerâmicas multicamadas. Neste estudo foi avaliado o desempenho balístico de estruturas multicamadas à base de alumina/epóxi e o efeito da adição de fibra de vidro como material de reforço. Os resultados foram comparados com placas de alumina individual de mesma espessura total que os sistemas multicamadas. O desempenho balístico dos painéis em mosaico de Al2O3/Al foi avaliado por meio de ensaio balístico DOP (depth of penetration) com projétil 7,62 mm perfurante. Os resultados indicaram que as placas individuais apresentaram melhor desempenho. No caso das estruturas Al2O3/epóxi, a resistência balística diminuiu com a redução da espessura das lâminas de alumina e com o aumento da camada de epóxi. A fibra de vidro não apresentou efeito significativo no desempenho.
Characterization of Algerian kaolins for utilization as a raw material in electrical insulators
Authors: Laraba M.
Published: June 2019

Abstract The aim of this investigation was to characterize three samples of kaolin (DD1, DD2 and DD3) collected from Djebel Debbagh deposit (East of Algeria) to be used in electrical porcelain insulators. Grain-size analysis, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and thermal analysis (TG-DTA) were performed. Each sample was mixed with feldspar and silica to obtain three porcelain formulations. The obtained results indicated that the three kaolins were composed by kaolinite and halloysite with variable contents of MnO and Fe2O3 as associated impurities. It was found that the DD1 was the appropriate kaolin as raw material for making the high-voltage electrical insulator which had the highest electrical and mechanical properties (dielectric strength, bending strength and bulk density), while DD2 and DD3 were less suitable due to their lower properties caused by the presence of impurities which must be removed.
Y3+ substituted Sr-hexaferrites: sol-gel synthesis, structural, magnetic and electrical characterization
Authors: Satpute S. S. , Wadgane S. R. , Kadam S. R. , Mane D. R. , Kadam R. H.
Published: June 2019

Abstract Y3+ substituted strontium hexaferrites having chemical composition SrYxFe12-xO19 (x= 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5) were successfully synthesized by sol-gel auto-combustion method. The structural and morphological studies of prepared samples were investigated by using X-ray diffraction technique, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The X-ray diffraction pattern confirmed the single-phase hexagonal structure of yttrium substituted strontium ferrite and the lattice parameters a and c increased with the substitution of Y3+ ions. The crystallite size also varied with x content from 60 to 80 nm. The morphology was studied by FE-SEM, and the grain size of nanoparticles ranged from 44 to 130 nm. The magnetic properties were investigated by using vibrating sample magnetometer. The value of saturation magnetization decreased from 49.60 to 35.40 emu/g. The dielectric constant decreased non-linearly whereas the electrical dc resistivity increased with the yttrium concentration in strontium hexaferrite.
Brushite cement containing gelatin: evaluation of mechanical strength and in vitro degradation
Authors: Silva L. P. , Ribeiro M. D. P. , Trichês E. S. , Motisuke M.
Published: June 2019

Abstract Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are potential materials for repairing bone defects, mainly due to their excellent biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. Nevertheless, their low mechanical properties limit their usage in clinical applications. The gelatin addition may improve the mechanical and biological properties of CPCs, but their solubility in water may increase the porosity of the cement during degradation. Thus, the aim of this work was to investigate the influence of gelatin on the setting time, compressive strength and degradation rate of a brushite cement. CPCs were prepared with the addition of 0, 5, 10 and 20 wt% of gelatin powder in the solid phase of the cement. The results indicated that the setting time increased with gelatin. Furthermore, cement with 20 wt% of gelatin had an initial compressive strength of 14.1±1.8 MPa while cement without gelatin had 4.5±1.2 MPa. The weight loss, morphology and compressive strength were evaluated after degradation in Ringer’s solution. According to the weight loss data, gelatin was eliminated of samples during degradation. It was concluded that the presence of gelatin improved CPCs mechanical properties; however, as degradation in Ringer’s solution evolved, cement compressive strength decreased due to gelatin dissolution and, consequently, an increase in sample porosity.
Synthesis and characterization of alumina fibers using solution blow spinning
Authors: Mota M. F. , Santos A. M. C. , Farias R. M. C. , Neves G. A. , Menezes R. R.
Published: June 2019

Abstract This work shows the successful production of alumina nanofibers after thermal treatment of solution blow spun hybrid fibers. These nanofibers were converted into γ-Al2O3 and α-Al2O3 after the thermal treatment in air between 500 to 1200 °C. The X-ray diffraction patterns presented all the characteristics of the γ and α phases of alumina. In addition, the scanning electron micrographs showed alumina nanofiber diameters varying between 200 and 270 nm for different temperatures. The results demonstrated that the solution blowing spinning method is efficient to produce alumina nanofibers.
Dielectric and Raman spectroscopy studies of (Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3 lead-free ceramic
Authors: Zeroual S. , Lidjici H. , Chatta W. , Khemakhem H.
Published: June 2019

Abstract In this study, samples of sodium bismuth titanate (Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3 (NBT) have been prepared using the solid-state technique. Sintering was done at 1200 ºC for 4 h in air atmosphere. X-ray diffraction analysis carried out at room temperature showed the formation of a single-phase compound with a rhombohedral crystal system. Dielectric and Raman spectroscopic characterizations have been performed as a function of temperature. The dielectric study showed the existence of a diffuse phase transition around 330 ºC. The Raman spectra was fitted to the individual Raman peaks. The obtained peaks were analyzed by observing the changes in their respective peak positions and intensities with increasing of temperature. At high temperatures, the results showed discontinuous changes in the phonon frequencies across the rhombohedral-tetragonal transition.
Synthesis of nano-alumina powder via recrystallization of ammonium alum
Authors: Saud A. N. , Majdi H. Sh. , Saud S. N.
Published: June 2019

Abstract In the present study, a recrystallization method was implemented to recover alumina powder from ammonium alum crystal. The ammonium alum was completely dissolved in water and treated by ultra-sonication to prevent the agglomeration of the alum crystal. The white precipitate was dried at 150 °C for 6 h, and calcinations at different temperatures were performed for 2 h. The XRD results indicated the crystalline structure of alumina with two main phases: γ-Al2O3 and α-Al2O3 at 800 and 1200 °C, respectively. The N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm results indicated that the surface area for the powder in the γ phase, which can be applied in catalysts, was 142.5 m2/g, while, in the α-phase, it was 15.3 m2/g. The morphologies elucidated that the powder particles were widely distributed in the range of ≤160 nm at different calcination temperatures and this may be attributed to increments in the particle agglomeration as the calcination temperature increased.
Analytical method for determining the saturation point of superplasticizers in cement pastes using the Marsh cone
Authors: Silva O. F. da , Gomes P. C. C. , Morais K. A. M.
Published: June 2019

Abstract The optimum dosage of superplasticizer (SP) additives is determined by the saturation point of SP (SPS), obtained on cement paste by the utilization of the Marsh cone. Obtaining the SPS is important because it defines the amount of SP that should be used in concrete dosages when it is necessary the reduction of water demand and the improvement of the workability. The SPS is determined by methods that use the angles defined by the slope of the flow curve, which are obtained through geometric and visual resources. However, depending on the curve shape, these methods can provide inaccurate results. For this reason, this study analyzed the utilization of the existent geometric methods and proposed a new analytic method of SPS determination. It is noteworthy that the proposed analytical method (PAM) was developed by a numerical implementation to obtain the representative function of paste flow. The SPS is determined from the solution of the phenomenon differential equation and can be used linked to a computational environment in concrete composition calculation. PAM was applied and evaluated in different flow curves obtained by several authors.
Tratamento endovascular da síndrome de quebra-nozes: relato de caso
Authors: Agle Claudia Guimarães , Amorim Filho Dejean Sampaio , Almeida Leonardo Cortizo de , Neves Cesar Amorim Pacheco
Published: June 2019

Resumo A dor pélvica crônica é uma doença debilitante, com impacto na qualidade de vida e custos para os serviços de saúde. A síndrome de quebra-nozes é uma importante causa dessa dor, e se refere a um conjunto de sinais secundários à compressão da veia renal esquerda, mais comumente entre a artéria mesentérica superior e a aorta. Seu tratamento ainda permanece controverso e varia de acordo com a gravidade clínica do paciente. Contudo, a técnica endovascular com implante de stent em veia renal tem obtido excelentes resultados. Relatamos um caso de uma paciente de 59 anos submetida a correção endovascular com stent autoexpansível de nitinol. São apresentados dados clínicos, detalhes do procedimento e resultados do acompanhamento dessa paciente. O sucesso técnico foi obtido e não houve relato de complicações pós-operatórias. Pôde-se observar alívio dos sintomas e melhora nos exames de imagem realizados no acompanhamento de curto prazo.
Association between number of medications used and nutritional markers among elderly persons with chronic diseases: National Health Survey (2013)
Authors: Bento Isabel Cristina , Souza Mary Anne Nascimento , Peixoto Sérgio Viana
Published: June 2019

Abstract Objective: to evaluate the association between the number of medications taken and nutritional markers in Brazilian elderly persons diagnosed with chronic diseases. Method: study based on data from the National Health Survey (PNS) 2013, for the population aged 60 years or older who reported at least one chronic disease (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, stroke, arthritis, depression, lung disease and chronic renal failure) (7,770 elderly persons). The outcome was the number of medications used for the selected diseases (0, 1 to 2 and 3 or more), and the exploratory variables were food consumption markers and anthropometric indicators (body mass index, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio). The associations were evaluated by multinomial logistic regression, estimating the odds ratio and confidence intervals (95%) and considering potential confounding factors. Results: the use of a greater number of medications was positively associated with the consumption of fruits and vegetables, fish and milk, and negatively associated with the consumption of sweet foods, soft drinks and meat with excess fat; a greater consumption of medications was also associated with higher anthropometric indicator values. Conclusion: although a greater consumption of medications was associated with better dietary indicators, these elderly persons also had higher anthropometric indicator values, including a higher concentration of central adiposity.
Demographic and clinical variables as differentiating predictors of cognitive disorders in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Martins Núbia Isabela Macêdo , Asano Nadja Maria Jorge , Lins Carla Cabral dos Santos Accioly , Coriolano Maria das Graças Wanderley de Sales
Published: June 2019

Abstract Objective: to analyze demographic and clinical variables as predictors of cognitive disorders in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Method: a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out at the Pro-Parkinson Program of the Hospital das Clínicas of the Federal University of Pernambuco. The instruments used were the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson’s disease - Cognition (SCOPA-COG), the Hoehn & Yahr Staging Scale (HY), the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part 3 (UPDRS-III), and the 15-item Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). A multiple linear regression model was used for the predictive outcome and the Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the elderly and the non-elderly groups. Results: the sociodemographic data of 85 people were collected and the participants underwent a cognitive profile evaluation (MMSE and SCOPA-COG) and clinical evaluation (HY, UPDRS-III, GDS-15). Multiple regression analysis found significant results for age, work activity, and tremor index, explaining 59% of the variability of SCOPA-COG. There was an inverse correlation with age and work activity and a direct correlation with tremors. The SCOPA-COG and MEEM scores were significantly lower in elderly patients, with an emphasis on executive functions. Conclusion: the predictors of cognitive impairment were age, work activity, and tremors. Cognitive impairment was greater in elderly patients with PD, especially for executive functions.
Validity Evidence for the Flow State Scale-2 with University Athletes
Authors: Hernandez Jose Augusto Evangelho , Voser Rogério da Cunha
Published: June 2019

Abstract Flow is an optimal psychological state, a very positive experience associated with high levels of performance in various areas of human activity such as sports. This study sought evidence for the construct validity of the Brazilian version of FSS-2 and, in this way, contribute with theoretical and empirical resources for the research and professional practice of Brazilian psychologists in the field of sports and physical exercise. This instrument provides a global measure and specifically measures nine dimensions of the flow experience. The participants were 366 athletes, men and women, 16-41 years of age, who played futsal, handball, volleyball and rugby and disputed the University Games Gaúchos 2015. The scores of the subjects were subjected to Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Indices of content, factorial, convergent and discriminant validities and internal consistency were found, discussed according to theoretical and empirical data from this line of research. We conclude that the general adjustments of the model were close to those obtained in the original studies.
Fadiga vocal em professores disfônicos que procuram atendimento fonoaudiológico
Authors: Abou-Rafée Mirna , Zambon Fabiana , Badaró Flávia , Behlau Mara
Published: June 2019

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar a autopercepção de fadiga vocal de professores disfônicos em atividade letiva que procuram atendimento fonoaudiológico. Método Participaram desta pesquisa 60 professores com queixa vocal, dentre estes, 30 que buscaram tratamento no Programa de Saúde Vocal do Sindicato dos Professores de São Paulo – SinproSP (G1) e 30 professores que não buscaram atendimento (G2). Todos os participantes responderam a um questionário de identificação, a um de caracterização pessoal e do trabalho, a uma lista de sinais e sintomas vocais e ao Índice de Fadiga Vocal - IFV. Além disso, foram registradas contagem de números de 1 a 10 e vogal sustentada “é” para definição do grau de desvio vocal por meio da análise perceptivo-auditiva. Resultados Os professores que procuraram o atendimento (G1) apresentaram piores escores nos protocolos IFV, maior número de sinais e sintomas, além de pior autoavaliação da voz quando comparados aos professores que não procuraram tratamento (G2). Além disso, os docentes dos dois grupos estudados apresentaram desvios de voz de leve a moderado. Conclusão Professores disfônicos que procuram atendimento fonoaudiológico apresentam maior sensação de fadiga vocal, principalmente em relação aos domínios restrição vocal e desconforto físico do IFV. Além disso, apresentaram maior número de sintomas e pior autoavaliação vocal em relação àqueles que não procuraram o atendimento, apesar de ambos os grupos apresentarem vozes desviadas.
Associação entre os aspectos da avaliação clínica da língua realizada em crianças
Authors: Nascimento Izabela Marques , Silva Luana Cristina de Sousa , Amaral Mariana Souza , Motta Andréa Rodrigues , Furlan Renata Maria Moreira Moraes
Published: June 2019

RESUMO Objetivo Pesquisar a existência de associação entre os aspectos da avaliação clínica da língua. Métodos Estudo transversal observacional, com 80 crianças brasileiras, saudáveis, faixa etária entre 8 e 12 anos, sendo 36 (45%) do gênero masculino e 44 (55%) do gênero feminino. Foram avaliados aspectos da língua relacionados à morfologia, frênulo, mobilidade, praxias e força. Foram obtidas as associações entre os aspectos da avaliação clínica, considerando nível de significância de 5%. Resultados Houve associação entre largura e altura; entre extensão do frênulo e as provas de sugar a língua no palato, vibrar, protrair/retrair e tocar comissuras direita e esquerda e lábios superior e inferior e entre a fixação do frênulo no assoalho da boca e as provas de sugar a língua no palato e vibrar. A prova de estalar ápice de língua apresentou associação com estalar o corpo. Estalar a língua (ápice ou corpo) apresentou associação com sugar a língua no palato, vibrar, protrair/retrair, tocar comissuras direita e esquerda e lábios superior e inferior e força. A prova de sugar a língua no palato apresentou associação com vibrar, protrair/retrair, tocar comissuras direita e esquerda e lábios superior e inferior e força de língua e a prova de vibrar a língua, com protrair e retrair e força de língua. Também houve associação entre protrair e retrair e tocar comissuras direita e esquerda e lábios superior e inferior. Conclusão Os aspectos da língua na avaliação clínica apresentaram associações entre si.
Other people’s voices: a reflective inquiry into power and voice within the classroom and the implications of researching one’s own practice
Authors: Santamaria Melanie , Ade-Ojo Gordon
Published: June 2019

Abstract The aim of this pilot case-study was two-fold: to explore the power and voice within small group interactions within a secondary school classroom and to explore the implications of researching one’s own practice as a teacher-researcher. Using Bakhtin’s theories of dialogism, audio recordings of one small group interactions were compared to student independent written work, in order to understand whose voices were used and how. Four main themes were identified: power and authority; positions of submission; silence and the voice of the text. The findings also highlighted how in the midst of teaching we can fail to see these power and identity dynamics; but the time and space of reflective research enables researchers to see beyond the moment and develop the capacity to see their teaching interventions and strategies anew to support the construction of new meaning.
First record of Unibarra paranoplatensis Suriano & Incorvaia, 1995 (Dactylogyridae: Monogenea) on Sorubim lima (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) from Brazil
Authors: Negreiros Luciano Pereira de , Oliveira Marcos Sidney Brito , Tavares-Dias Marcos
Published: June 2019

Abstract The aim of this study was to report the first occurrence of Unibarra paranoplatensis Suriano & Incorvaia, 1995 on Sorubim lima Bloch & Schneider, 1801 from Brazil. On the gills of S. lima, U. paranoplatensis presented similar morphological and morphometric features to those described for conspecifics infesting Zungaro zungaro Humboldt, 1921 except the length, which was higher in the present study, as well as ventral bar shape that was V-shaped open, and with the upper and lower end of the rod relatively sinuous. This study expands the geographic distribution of U. paranoplatensis to Brazil, a parasite that has a wide occurrence across South America.
Molecular detection of Leishmania infantum DNA according to clinical stages of leishmaniasis in dog
Authors: Fernandes Murilo Antônio , Leonel João Augusto Franco , Isaac Jéssica Anzolin , Benassi Julia Cristina , Silva Diogo Tiago , Spada Julio Cesar Pereira , Pereira Nuno Wolfgang Balbini , Ferreira Helena Lage , Keid Lara Borges , Soares Rodrigo Martins , Oliveira Trícia Maria Ferreira de Sousa
Published: June 2019

Abstract The aim of this study was to compare molecular tests used to diagnose Leishmania spp. in dogs with different stages of infection. Blood and conjunctival swab (CS) samples from dogs classified in four clinical stages were subjected to different PCR protocols (13A/13B, MC1/MC2, LITSR/L5.8S and LEISH-1/LEISH-2 primers). To the study, 22.3% (48/215) of dogs were classified as without clinical signs, 67.5% (145/215) stage I (mild disease), 7.0% (15/215) stage II (moderate disease) and 3.2% (7/215) stage III (severe disease). The results showed that in blood samples, 13A/13B detected a significant higher number of positive dogs in stage I (25/145) and in total (42/215) (p≤0.05). However, when CS samples were tested, no difference was observed (p>0.05). On the other hand, in blood samples, MC1/MC2 detected significantly fewer positive dogs classified as without clinical signs (0/48), in stage I (0/145) and in total (1/215) (p≤0.05). Likewise, in CS samples, this primers showed also lower detection (1/215) (p≤0.05). So than, we can conclude that PCR on blood samples with 13A/13B primers has greater capacity to detect positive dogs, mainly at the initial of clinical disease than do other primers and MC1/MC2 are not a good choice to detect Leishmania infantum infection in dogs.
Global Academy, London: how offsite modular construction is reshaping education
Authors: King Emily
Published: June 2019

The Global Academy in west London, UK, was the country’s first university technical college to be built using offsite modular construction techniques. Advanced offsite modular technology integrated with traditional site-based building solutions enabled the project to meet a challenging programme on a constrained plot. The college was built in just 12 months, providing a new state-of-the-art educational facility for 800 14–19-year-old broadcast and digital media students. It has a structural design life of 60 years and high levels of acoustic performance and energy efficiency. This paper reviews the methods used to design, engineer and build the college and the key role played by offsite modular construction.
Ferramentas de bioinformática aplicadas ao ensino da biotecnologia
Authors: Nascimento Yandra Alzira Pereira do , Saraiva Luis Flávio Mendes
Published: June 2019

O ensino de biotecnologia é complexo e dependente de conhecimentos bioquímicos, pois o conteúdo necessita ser adequadamente ajustado para sua execução semestral. Diante da problemática, o presente artigo apresenta uma forma diferenciada de abordar a disciplina de biotecnologia com base na elaboração de aulas práticas, mediante o uso de ferramentas de bioinformática. Um total de 45 alunos colaboradores de um curso de Ciências Biológicas, foram divididos em dois grupos para análise. Os resultados obtidos a partir da aplicação de questionários avaliativos demonstraram ser positivos e relevantes. Diante disso, concluiu-se que a utilização de novas metodologias no ensino atrai a atenção do aluno, estimulam a curiosidade e fazem com que os mesmos deixem de ver a sala de aula como o único lugar de aprendizagem.
O papel da moeda na dinâmica econômica da Baixada Fluminense-RJ
Authors: Ribeiro Alcimar Chagas , Marouvo Claudio Carvalho
Published: June 2019

O presente estudo investiga se a moeda pode exercer um papel endógeno na dinâmica econômica da região estudada, segundo os preceitos pós-keynesiano de desenvolvimento regional, ou se a sua importância é derivada de ações exógenas. Metodologicamente, utiliza-se o conceito de preferência pela liquidez bancária para verificar o padrão de confiança da economia local e o método shift-share para gerar informação setorial na região. A síntese dos resultados mostra altos índices de preferência pela liquidez, indicando a não disposição do sistema bancário em fomentar o desenvolvimento regional. A fuga de recursos em direção às regiões centrais parece se confirmar na presente análise.
Índice de Sustentabilidade do Município de Barra do Choça-BA
Authors: Amorim Celeste Dias , Brito George Nathan Souza , Silva Júnior Milton Ferreira da
Published: June 2019

Este estudo objetivou determinar o índice de sustentabilidade do Município de Barra do Choça, Bahia. Para atingir essa meta, optou-se pela utilização do método do Gráfico Radar, no qual, por meio do cálculo da área dos triângulos formados pelos vértices de cada variável, foi possível encontrar um índice pela soma destes vértices. Ao mesmo tempo, o método possibilita a comparação das áreas obtidas, pois, quanto maior a área do triângulo formado, maior a sustentabilidade do indicador, permitindo a relação entre todas as variáveis pesquisadas. A base de dados foi composta por pesquisas de indicadores já consolidados na literatura, ou seja, a dimensão econômica, social e ambiental. Assim, optou-se pela seleção de três indicadores para cada dimensão, tendo como padrão a sua mensuração no ano de 2010. Essa metodologia proporcionou maior clareza na representação dos resultados, pois, por meio de diferentes indicadores, foi possível mensurar a sustentabilidade, além disso, foi de fácil aplicabilidade. Os índices das dimensões revelaram que a social obteve melhor desempenho do que a econômica e ambiental, nas quais seus indicadores apontam resultados semelhantes. Concluiu-se que o município apresentou bom Índice de Sustentabilidade. Espera-se que o estudo sirva para embasar as tomadas de decisões visando à melhoria da sustentabilidade municipal.
Pessoas com Deficiência em Áreas Rurais da Metade Sul do RS
Authors: Tonini Hernanda , Lopes Marta Júlia Marques
Published: June 2019

O presente artigo analisa dados do Censo de 2010, realizado pelo IBGE, relacionados às pessoas com deficiência em áreas rurais de 8 municípios da Metade Sul do RS. O objetivo está centrado na discussão da metodologia do Censo e a forma como os dados foram gerados, buscando o entendimento acerca do termo deficiência. Para compreender a perspectiva dos levantamentos censitários sobre a incidência ou não de deficiências foi realizada pesquisa documental na legislação federal, o que permitiu concluir que o número de pessoas com deficiência, tanto em áreas rurais quanto urbanas, aumentou em relação aos Censos anteriores, devido à definição utilizada pelo IGBE, baseado na legislação. Analisando a variável gênero, os dados demonstram que o número de mulheres com algum tipo de deficiência é consideravelmente maior que o de homens, tanto em áreas urbanas quanto rurais. Mas no que diz respeito à frequência de pessoas com deficiência, nas áreas rurais os dados são superiores aos números encontrados em áreas urbanas, independente do gênero. Nesse sentido, os resultados indicam que as áreas rurais são mais vulneráveis, elaborando-se reflexões sobre as responsabilidades do poder público na construção de políticas públicas que levem em consideração tais variáveis em prol do desenvolvimento social dessas regiões.
Mapeando A Rede Rural de Desenvolvimento da Pecuária Familiar na Região Centro Sul do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Nicola Marcelo Porto , Marques Flávia Charão
Published: June 2019

A rede rural é um conjunto de recursos, atores, ações, transações e arranjos que estão entrelaçados, determinando a natureza da atividade rural em um lugar específico. O trabalho objetiva mapear a rede rural da pecuária familiar na região Centro Sul riograndense através do exame da realidade local da experiência que acontece em São Jerônimo, Butiá e com desdobramentos regionais. O referencial teórico se apóia na noção de desenvolvimento rural como uma rede multidimensional em constante desdobramento. A metodologia empregou levantamentos documentais; observação participante; entrevistas semi-estruturadas com informantes-chave; e triangulação. Ficou evidenciado que a rede rural foi tomando forma à medida que se resgatou aspectos relativos ao seu surgimento e sua evolução, até chegar ao esboço das atribuições atuais, cuja composição abrange atores sociais, transações, arranjos e recursos físicos, culturais, históricos, técnicos, ambientais, sociais e econômicos. Nesse processo, se destacou uma de suas características definidoras, que é o entrelaçamento entre os distintos elementos, dispostos e direcionados, prioritariamente, em benefício de um segmento específico e vulnerável, os pecuaristas familiares. O espaço protegido é o elemento principal para o fortalecimento da rede rural
Ländliche räume in Lateinamerika: globalisierung und lokale reaktionen
Authors: Neuburger Martina
Published: June 2019

Die ländlichen Räume in Südamerika unterliegen in den letzten Jahrzehnten zunehmenden Globalisierungseinfl üssen, die zu einem tiefgreifenden Strukturwandel geführt haben, der bis heute im Gange ist. Dabei sind nicht nur Veränderungen in den wirtschaftlichen Bereichen zu beobachten. Auch sozio-kulturelle, politische und ökologische Sphären werden restrukturiert. Die damit verbundenen Prozesse erfassen somit praktisch alle Lebensbereiche der ländlichen Bevölkerung, so dass Akteure auf lokaler und regionaler Ebene gezwungen sind, sich neu zu positionieren. Die Reaktionen reichen dabei von der aktiven Anpassung an und Integration in globalisierte Wirkungszusammenhänge bis hin zum Rückzug aus den übergeordneten Kontexten und der Erschließung neuer Handlungsoptionen auf lokaler Ebene. Diese vielfältigen Prozesse in den ländlichen Räumen Südamerikas lassen sich in verschiedene Entwicklungsdynamiken diff erenzieren. Die agro-industrielle Entwicklungsdynamik ist charakterisiert durch eine Landwirtschaft,

in der standardisierte Massenprodukte dominieren, die von Billiglohnarbeitern hergestellt werden und für den Massenkonsum vor allem auf globaler Ebene bestimmt sind. In der postproduktivistischen

Entwicklungsdynamik fungiert der ländliche Raum hingegen als Konsumraum einer städtischen oder/und globalen Elite, die ihre Freizeit dort gestalten will und ökologische Ausgleichsfl ächen für die „eigene“ degradierte Umwelt benötigt. In der als alternativ bezeichneten

Entwicklungsdynamik schließlich dominieren eindeutig die lokal-regionalen Akteure, deren

Hauptaugenmerk auf der Überlebenssicherung der lokalen Bevölkerung, auf der Sicherung der

ökologischen Ressourcen und auf der Erhaltung der lokalen Gemeinschaft liegt. Diese

Entwicklungsdynamiken überlagern sich zeitlich und räumlich. Die vielschichtigen kleinräumigen

Diff erenzierungen sind verbunden mit einer entsprechenden Erweiterung der Funktionen der

ländlichen Räume im lokalregionalen, nationalen und internationalen Kontext. Ländliche

Entwicklungsplanung und die darin involvierten politischen Entscheidungsträger stehen damit vor

neuartigen Herausforderungen, die neue Konzepte und Leitbilder verlangen.
The Transformation of Non-Cash money into Banknotes: Demand, Supply, Subjective Side of Crime
Authors: Popkova Elena , Inshakova Agnessa , Goncharova Marina
Published: June 2019

The authors study the transformation of non-cash money into banknotes as a cover-up for one of the economic crimes. They analyze the economic interests, motives and goals of the heads of commercial companies that transform non-cash into cash. The current taxes regime is used to compare the financial losses of the working capital of a commercial company whose head has the task of transforming non-cash money into cash. They study the criminal demand for the unaccounted cash and its supply and formulate the concept of «entrepreneurial insolvency». The authors also argue for the possibility of a total abandonment of cash in the shortest possible time. They present a critical evaluation of the criminal schemes where sham companies offer unaccounted cash and show the role of commercial banks and the Bank of Russia in counteracting such criminal business practices. The authors have also compiled an overview of research publications on this topic that include the works of Russian legal scholars and economists. At the same time, they examine the positions of authors from the USA, Kazakhstan, Italy, Ukraine, Belarus and Turkmenistan. They analyze the current Russian constitutional, civil, banking and tax legislation as well as the normative base of the social and pension insurance. It is argued that the transformation of non-cash money into cash is a real fictitious deal not named in the legislation; it is concluded between juridical persons as a cover-up for illegal actions. These actions are initiated by the head of a commercial company who is motivated by mercenary interests and carries out a criminal intent in an organized group with a prior agreement.
Problems of Criminal-Law Counteraction to the Legalization (Laundering) of Proceeds from Crime
Authors: Makarov Andrey , Zhukova Aleksandra , Makarenko Tamara
Published: June 2019

The research is relevant because laundering of proceeds from crime is a threat both at the national and the global levels. The use of criminal proceeds in the economy leads to de-stabilization and disruption of the state economic and political systems. This type of criminal income has become the material basis that organized transnational crime uses to finance terrorism and bribe officials. Quickly developing technologies, widening financial flows of civil legal and financial deals lead to new infringements on the international financial safety. This is caused by the fact that new valuable property increases the risk of infringements on it. Taking into account the international scale, criminal law protection should first of all cover the objects infringement upon which consists in the legalization (laundering) of criminal proceeds. The Russian Federation was internationally recognized when it acquired the status of a country with a market economy and an investment credit rating. Its modern methods of public administration and the mechanisms of strategic planning correspond to the national and international standards. However, Russian social and economic conditions are difficult, they require an active development and improvement in all the priority areas and, primarily, the spheres of crime counteraction and national security. The results obtained by the authors could be used in the lawmaking practice to improve Russian criminal legislation in view of the existing theoretical research and the law enforcement experience.
A Duty of Support for All South African Unmarried Intimate Partners Part 2
Authors: Bonthuys Elsje
Published: June 2019

Part I of this two-part article argued that post-constitutional developments of the right to support have excluded the largest and most vulnerable sector of South African women – African women in invalid customary marriages and in intimate partnerships which do not resemble monogamous Western nuclear households. Part II explores the avenues to develop customary and common law to extend rights to support to these women. It argues that the current position discriminates against poor, rural African women on multiple intersecting grounds, which creates a duty for courts to develop the current legal rules. Customary law affords scope for development in relation to women in invalid customary marriages. Common law rights to support can be extended either ex contractu or ex lege. Because contractual support rights are of limited use to poor women, the legacy of the majority judgments in Volks v Robinson 2005 5 BCLR 446 (CC) (Volks) must be confronted to strengthen the legal basis for an automatic duty of support to all women in unmarried intimate relationships. The argument in Volks that, women choose to forego legal rights by not getting married is criticised. The minority judgment in Laubscher v Duplan 2017 2 SA 264 (CC) does, however, create potential for overturning this reasoning.
Monkey Selfie and Authorship in Copyright Law: The Nigerian and South African Perspectives
Authors: Ncube Caroline B , Oriakhogba Desmond O
Published: June 2019

A photograph taken by a monkey is in the centre of a copyright claim in the famous monkey selfie case in the United States of America. Suing as next friend of the monkey, named Naruto, the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals contended that copyright in the photograph belongs to the monkey as author of the photograph since the monkey created the photograph unaided by any person. On the motion of the defendants, the case was dismissed by the US district court on the ground that the concept of authorship under US Copyright Act cannot be defined to include non-human animals. The dismissal order was confirmed by a three-judge panel of the US Court of Appeal of Ninth Circuit a request for an appeal before a panel of eleven judges of the appellate court was denied. This paper reviews the case in the light of the concept of authorship and ownership, with specific focus on the authorship of photographs, under the Nigerian Copyright Act and South African Copyright Act. In so doing, it examines and relies on Ginsburg's six principles for testing authorship to test the authorship of photographs under the Acts. It also relies on the concepts of subjective rights and legal personality to explain the implication of conferring copyright ownership on non-human animals. It argues that for authorship of and ownership of the copyright in a photograph to be established under the Nigerian Copyright Act and South African Copyright Act, a legal person must have created the photograph. Consequently, for the purposes of argument, the paper proceeds on the assumption that the monkey selfie case originated from Nigeria or South Africa. After analysing relevant statutory provisions and case law, the paper finds that the Nigerian Copyright Act and the South African Copyright Act do not envisage the conferral of authorship in particular, and copyright protection in general, to a non-human animal. It then concludes that the courts in both countries would not reach a different conclusion from the one made by the US courts.
The Right to Strike under the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995 (LRA) and Possible Factors for Consideration that Would Promote the Objectives of the LRA
Authors: Subramanien Darren Cavell , Joseph Judell L
Published: June 2019

The Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995 (hereafter the LRA) was promulgated to redress the injustices and inequality within labour relations. It seeks to do so through four objectives which give effect to the LRA's purposes of transformation within the labour relations framework. One of these objectives is to promote orderly collective bargaining. It is envisaged that if parties engage in collective bargaining, then disputes should be resolved speedily and amicably without having employees resort to strikes and employers to lock-outs. This in turn would ensure that production within the workplace continues without interruption. Thus, the workdays lost would be decreased and productivity would be increased. One of the main features of the LRA is the endorsement and regulation of strike action. Employers have always possessed greater authority than employees due to their managerial prerogative, thus strike action is viewed as a necessary way of levelling the playing field between employers and employees in the collective bargaining framework. Strike action is regarded as forming part of the collective bargaining framework. It has been acknowledged that without the threat of strike action, collective bargaining would be futile. However, strike action in South Africa has been increasingly alarming over recent years. This is primarily due to the manner in which employees are asserting their demands. There has been an undeniable increase in the intensity of violence, intimidation, harassment, destruction to property and civil unrest evident in strikes. Even more disturbing is that these strikes have not been contained within the employment relationship; instead, the ramifications of disorderly strikers have caused severe consequences for innocent members of society and the country as a whole. This article highlights the violent context in which strikes take place and the necessity of limiting potential violence. In doing so, this article seeks to consider the viewpoints of two judgments, Equity Aviation Services (Pty) Ltd v SA Transport & Allied Workers Union 2011 32 ILJ 2894 (SCA) and SA Transport & Allied Workers Union v Moloto 2012 33 ILJ 2549 (CC), which have addressed the issue of whether non-unionised members are required to provide separate notices of their intention to strike. It is argued that a strict interpretation of section 64(1)(b) of the LRA is required, in the light of the chaotic and violent strike action that has taken place over the years, as that would have the effect of creating greater certainty and predictability in the event of a strike. Thus, an expectation of order would be instilled which in turn would fulfil one of the objectives of the LRA, which is to promote orderly collective bargaining.
"Innovative Orders" Under the South African Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008
Authors: Naude Tjakie , De Stadler Elizabeth
Published: June 2019

This article considers section 4(2)(b) of the South African Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 (hereafter the CPA), which grants a power to courts and the National Consumer Tribunal to make "appropriate orders to give practical effect to the consumer's right of access to redress", including, but not limited to, "any innovative order that better advances, protects, promotes and assures the realisation by consumers of their rights" in terms of the CPA (in addition to any order provided for in the CPA). First, a brief overview of the provisions on interpretation of the CPA is given, to give context to the interpretation of the power of the courts to make innovative orders. Thereafter, instances are discussed where it is undoubtedly clear that innovative orders are needed, that is, where the CPA creates a right without a remedy. Examples are the consumer's right to receive delivery of the goods or performance of the services within a reasonable time where no time for performance was agreed upon, and the consumer's right to assume that "the supplier has the legal right, or the authority of the legal owner", to supply the goods. This part includes analysis and criticism of the only reported decision which discusses the delineation of the power to grant innovative orders, and which unjustifiably refused to grant such an order in respect of the consumer's right that the goods supplied "remain useable and durable for a reasonable time".

The article then considers situations where there is no clear gap in the CPA such as a right without a remedy, but the CPA is nevertheless ambiguous and policy considerations call for an innovative order. This part gives an example of a case where the National Consumer Tribunal briefly referred to section 4(2)(b) on innovative orders in support of a new rule on the suspension of prescription (time limitation) not recognised in the text of the CPA. Part 5 of the article considers the types of orders that were probably envisaged by the legislature when drafting section 4(2)(b) on innovative orders, such as publicity and compliance programme orders, which serve to increase the effectiveness and preventative effect of orders on prohibited conduct. This part of the article considers legislation from the United Kingdom on such orders, which is referred to as "enhanced consumer measures".
Introducing a Serpent into the Garden of Collective Bargaining: A Case Analysis of Numsa Obo Members v Elements Six Productions (Pty) Ltd [2017] ZALCJHB 35 (7 February 2017)
Authors: Rwodzi Night Tafadzwa , Lubisi Nombulelo
Published: June 2019

This case note is an analysis of Numsa obo Members v Elements Six Productions (Pty) Ltd [2017] ZALCJHB 35 (7 February 2017). The jurisprudence advanced in this case is pertinent to balancing the employer and employee’s rights in the context of collective bargaining. The worker’s right to strike is one of the rights entrenched in the South African constitution. In addition, this right to strike should not be directly or indirectly undermined without a just cause. The preamble of the South African Constitution seeks to redress the unjust laws of the past including those in the employment arena. Furthermore, unfair discrimination is also one of the prohibited practices which are sanctioned not only domestically but internationally as well in terms of the International Labour Conventions. This note contributes to the existing literature of labour law by critically analysing the decision reached by Tlhotlhalemaje J.
The Constitutionality of the Prohibition of Hate Speech in terms of Section 10(1) of the Equality Act: A Reply to Botha and Govindjee
Authors: Marais Marelize , Pretorius Jan L (Loot)
Published: June 2019

This is a reply to a critique by Botha and Govindjee (2017 PELJ 1-32) of our interpretation of the hate speech provisions of the Equality Act (Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act 4 of 2000) in Marais and Pretorius (2015 PELJ 901-942), in which we considered the constitutionality of section 10(1) of the Act, amongst other things. We address Botha and Govindjees' rejection of our view that hate speech is a form of unfair discrimination and that the most appropriate constitutional framework within which section 10(1) should be interpreted and assessed is sections 9 and 10 of the Constitution. We consider Botha and Govindjees' rejection of this point of departure, their opposing different interpretation of the role of the proviso in section 12 of the Act and, generally, their reasons for concluding that section 10(1) is unconstitutional. We maintain that Botha and Govindjee's proposals for reform unduly restrict the hate speech prohibition to cover exclusively expression that warrants criminalisation. In doing so, they fail to fully acknowledge the transformative obligation in terms of international law, the Constitution and the Equality Act, to prohibit and prevent unfair discrimination.