bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corpus Analysis of the Grammatical Categories’ Constituents in Fiction Texts Considering the Linguo-Regional Component
Authors: Gorozhanov Alexey I. , Guseynova Innara A.
Published: January 2021

The problem of insufficient development of professional digital tools in the humanities, including linguistics, is posed. The results of a long-term study on the development of specialized software for corpus analysis of a foreign language text, in which the regional component plays an important role, are described. On the example of Franz Kafka’s novel “Das Schloss” the work of three computer programs is demonstrated, including primary text processing, automatized markup of a small special (grammatical) corpus, a combined search for selected constituents of the grammatical categories of certainty / uncertainty, modality, as well as individual grammatical phenomena by markers of the marked up corpus and by regular expressions in case of the not marked up text, considering the regional characteristics of spelling. It is concluded that the maximum effectiveness of research of this kind can be achieved with the active work of an expert with a specially developed software product. Moreover, the expert’s task includes not only professional software management, but also active participation directly in its development. The described analysis model can be used to analyze the categorical spectrum of a foreign language text, as well as to compile didactic materials for teaching foreign languages and translation.
“Volume 91”: an Electronic Index to the Complete Works of Leo Tolstoy
Authors: Orekhov Boris V.
Published: January 2021

The collected works of Leo Tolstoy were printed and published in 90 volumes of some 46,000 pages between 1928 and 1958. This paper, however, is not about the 90 volumes themselves, but about Volume 91 of this edition, a supplement volume containing indexes of works and proper names, from both the fictional works and the many volumes containing Tolstoy’s letters. “Volume 91” is a web application based on the digitised index of proper names for the 90-volume collection of Tolstoy’s works (http://index.tolstoy.ru/). The digitised data features additional properties, which can be explored by the enthusiast as well as the specialist. This paper not only presents a new tool for literary scholars, but generalizes and shows how this kind of resources can be used to gain new insights into larger text collections
TIMELINESS OF NATIONAL ARMED FORCE PERSONNEL’S TRAINING IN THE FIELD OF BORDER SURVEILLANCE IN THE VIEW OF COOPERATION BETWEEN NATIONAL ARMED FORCES AND STATE BORDER GUARD
Authors: Buls Valentīns , Ignatjevs Oļegs
Published: January 2021

In the view of modern tendencies, the cooperation between state armed institutions is extremely crucial. As an example could be mentioned the reaction of French government on the terrorist attack in Paris in the year 2015 – both, army and police, in close cooperation made a contribution solving this challenge. In the scale of Latvia the cooperation between National Armed Forces and State Border Guard could solve such problems like lack of personnel and equipment in State Border Guard. The aim of the current paper is to give insight in such themes as legal basis of the mentioned cooperation, the possibilities of involving National Armed Forces personnel in border surveillance, the possibilities of National Armed Forces personnel’s training in the field of border surveillance and possibilities for development of such training and make short summary in these topics. This was done by methods of analysis, open source research and comparative analysis. Among other conclusions, authors of the current paper draw a conclusion that cooperation between National Armed Forces and State Border Guard is effective but the possibilities of National Armed Forces personnel’s training should be improved in the way mentioned in the paper.
BORDER GUARDS’ COMPETENCE IN ENGLISH PROFESSIONAL TERMINOLOGY: CHALLENGES AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
Authors: Žukova Marina
Published: January 2021

Knowledge of English professional terminology is one of the predominant factors for border guards’ successful professional performance during both border and immigration control carried out at their national state border and inside the country and also joint operations organised and implemented by the European Border and Coast Guard at the EU external borders.  The present article suggests an overview of the results of the measures taken by the State Border Guard of Latvia in 2017-2020 to facilitate the improvement of Latvian border guards’ competence in English professional terminology. Based on the results of the survey the author puts forward suggestions for possible improvements in English language training and testing for border guards.
INTELLIGENCE CYCLE AS PART OF EFFECTIVE RISK ANALYSIS UNDER INTEGRATED BORDER MANAGEMENT
Authors: Livdāne Jekaterina , Arbidāne Iluta
Published: January 2021

The aim is to present common approach of processing of information as one of the main aspects for qualitative risk analysis, including all three components – threat, vulnerability and impact, in all levels: strategic, operational and tactical. The theoretical methodology is based on guidelines of common integrated risk analysis model (CIRAM), implemented in Schengen member states (MS) as a part of integrated border management (IBM). Based on the main task – to view particular legal bases and using historical research, analytical and descriptive methods, the legal bases of IBM in the field of risk analysis was explained, at first. Special attention was paid for description of each step of intelligent cycle, because only scrupulous following of methodology guaranteed the high quality of the product in situations when analytical units have huge amount of data from different sources every day. Different kinds of risk analysis (annual, quarterly, monthly, weekly or targeted for specific measures) are performed by European Border and Coast Guard (EBCG) and MS using the CIRAM methodology. Huge data flows should be managed in a structured way. The knowledge and practical implementation of CIRAM has a positive impact on overall internal security in the area of free movement. For this purpose, the amount of trained border guards was analysed.
POSSIBILITIES OF DEVELOPING INTERACTIVE E-LEARNING SYSTEM FOR BORDER GUARDS TRAINING IN THE STATE BORDER GUARD COLLEGE OF THE REPUBLIC OF LATVIA
Authors: Spridzāns Mārtiņš , Pavlovičs Jans , Soboļeva Diāna
Published: January 2021

Efficient use of educational technology and digital learning possibilities has always been the strategic area of high importance in border guards training at the State Border Guard College of Latvia. Recently, issues related to training during the Covid-19, have spurred and revived the discussion, topicality and practical need to use the potential of e-learning opportunities which brought up unexpected, additional, previously unsolved, unexplored, challenges and tasks to border guards training. New opportunities and challenges for trainers, learners and administration of training process both in online communication and learning administration contexts. In order to find out and define further e-learning development possibilities at the State Border Guard College the authors of this research explore the scientific literature on the current research findings, methodologies, approaches on developing interactive e-learning systems in educational contexts, particularly within the sphere of law enforcement. Based on scientific literature research findings authors put forward suggestions on improving the e-learning systems for border guards training.
DEFINITION OF TERRORISM AND EU COUNTER-TERRORISM POLICY
Authors: Vasiliauskienė Violeta , Vasiliauskas Martynas
Published: January 2021

The article dwells on the problem of the definition of terrorism. This term, though usually commonly understandable, is a legal term, the definition of which is not yet universally adopted. The threat of terrorism, taking upon different forms, is always relevant and the efforts to contain it continue. Thus the definition of the phenomenon and its elements is crucial in such efforts. The analysis is relevant as internationally this term is still not defined in one universal legally binding document and there are questions on its exact scope. The article explains two elements that are usually  considered essential in defining terrorism. Furthermore, the article dwells on the EU efforts to contain the threat and in particular on its efforts to prevent terrorism – that is, actions taken to counter terrorist radicalisation.
SCHENGEN ACQUIS AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN LATVIA
Authors: Gaveika Artūrs
Published: January 2021

Latvia joined the Schengen area in 2007 and has already passed three Schengen evaluations. The novelty of the article is aimed at analysis of Schengen Acquis implementation in Latvia and offer suggestions on its further implementation development. The aim of the study is to develop and propose suggestions on Schengen Acquis content improvement and its judicial systematisation development. The research tasks are to investigate the current EU and national normative regulations, legal practices, the conclusions of Latvian and foreign law researchers by using analytical, historical and comparative methods. The improvement of the national normative regulation was started long before Latvia's accession to the Schengen area. The further development of the Schengen acquis is important from the point of view of the right to free movement of persons and from the point of view of ensuring public security in the face of today's challenges related to terrorism, international crime, uncontrolled migration and the spread of disease. The main achievement of the research is that the author has defined the main areas of Schengen Acquis development.
ANALYSIS OF FALSE DOCUMENTS DETECTED AT THE BORDER CONTROL OF EUROPEAN UNION MEMBER STATES AND THE PROSPECTIVE METHODS FOR THE DETECTION OF COUNTERFEITS
Authors: Jupatova Gaļina , Arbidane Iluta , Mietule Iveta
Published: January 2021

The subject of the paper "Analysis of False Documents Detected at the Border Control of European Union Member States and the Prospective Methods for the Detection of Counterfeits" is topical, as the verification of the authenticity of travel documents is the cornerstone of border controls; also, the interrelations between the techniques of producing false documents discovered in the EU Member States and the practical application of technologically new methods of document reproduction has not been extensively reviewed and evaluated in EU scientific literature and current information materials. Identity fraud is expensive: from bank accounts opened with false names to money laundering and all kinds of smuggling and terrorism. The endless variety of criminal activities gives false documents a high value. In addition, for 3 billion travelers worldwide, identity verification needs to be fast, unproblematic and effective. Due to the pressure on borders (time constraints and an increasing numbers of travelers) and the increasing complexity of modern document security, border control capabilities (officials and/or automated systems) are compelled to decide quickly and simply whether documents submitted are authentic or false. The operational execution of document verification capacity is crucial for the efficiency and security of border checks. The aim of the research is to study the quality of false documents discovered at European Union Member States’ border inspections and to identify prospective methods of their detection.
Assessment of tuberculocidal efficiency of disinfectants according to manufacturers’ 'instructions and results of experimental studies using reference test strain mycobacterium terrae
Authors: Sergevnin V. I. , Tukacheva O. V. , Sibiryakova О. R. , Sarmometov E. V. , Ovchinnikov K. V.
Published: January 2021

Objective. The aim of the study was to investigate the tuberculocidal efficacy of disinfectants according to the manufacturers instructions and the results of experimental studies using a test strain of Mycobacterium terrae.

Materials and methods. The instructions for 150 disinfectants (DS) were studied. An experimental evaluation of the tuberculocidal efficacy of 6 DS was carried out using the reference strain M. terrae.

Results. A study of the documentation for the DS showed that from the number of DS produced before 2010, only 38.2 % of the drugs were recertified after 2010. Of these, only in 50.0 % of cases it was noted in the instructions that the recertification was carried out using the test microorganism M. terrae. From the number of DS produced after 2010, only 49.2 % of the drugs were certified using the M. terrae test strain. According to the results of laboratory assessment of DS, it was shown that drugs that did not pass re-certification using M. terrae have low tuberculocidal efficacy.

Conclusions. It has been established that many manufacturers of DS during certification and recertification of drugs do not test the modes of their tuberculocidal efficacy on the regulated microorganism M. terrae. In the course of laboratory assessment of the tuberculocidal effect of DS, it was confirmed that the least effective drug was the one that did not pass re-certification using M. terrae.
Prospects of development in aortic surgery: literature review
Authors: Kadyraliev B. K. , Arutyunyan V. B. , Askadinov M. N. , Kucherenko S. V.
Published: January 2021

Foreign sources of literature regarding the issue of aortic surgery are analyzed. Special attention is paid to aortic valve replacement using the Ozaki technique.
The first replacement of aortic valve cusps with synthetic material was implemented by H. Th. Bahnson in 1959; he implanted the neocusp from Teflon. Nowadays, so as to replace the aortic valve, mechanical, biological valves, homotransplants, autotransplants and valves imitated endovascularly are actively applied. All the above mentioned types of the valves have both merits and demerits, therefore each patient should have an individual approach. When choosing the prosthesis and type of surgical intervention, cardiosurgeons take into account the following factors: patients age, availability of concomitant diseases (atrial fibrillation, chronic renal disease, malignant tumors), presence of small aortic ring, aortic dilatation, availability of other valve diseases, infectious endocarditis, first or repeated surgery on the valve as well as pregnancy or planning of pregnancy. In 2007, Shigeyuki Ozaki proposed the technique for replacement of all aortic valve cusps from autopericardium treated with 0.6 % glutaraldehyde solution. This surgery permits to form the aortic valve with excellent hemodynamic characteristics and low rate of reoperation in the early and remote periods. Aortic valve replacement using Ozaki technique is a perspective technique and good alternative for surgical treatment of aortic valve along with prostheses.
Temiz Aralıklı Kendi Kendine Kateterizasyonda Özgüven Ölçeği Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenirliği
Authors: ÇULHA Yeliz , ACAROĞLU Rengin
Published: January 2021

Amaç: Çalışma, Temiz Aralıklı Kendi Kendine Kateterizasyonda Öz Güven Ölçeği Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenirliğini incelemek amacı ile planlandı.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Metodolojik araştırma tipinde planlanan çalışmanın örneklemini Aralık 2018- Temmuz 2019 tarihleri arasında İstanbul’da bir eğitim ve araştırma hastanesinin Üroloji Polikliniği’nde takip edilen 80 hasta oluşturdu. Ölçeğin dil eş değerliği, çeviri-geri çeviri teknikleri ile sağlandı. Kapsam geçerliği, Kapsam Geçerlik İndeksi (KGİ) ile değerlendirildi. Yapı geçerliği, varimaks rotasyonu uygulanarak açıklayıcı faktör analizi ile belirlendi. Ölçeğin güvenirliği, zamana göre değişmezliği ve iç tutarlık (Cronbach alfa ve madde analizi) katsayısı incelenerek değerlendirildi.

Bulgular: Ölçeğin Türkçe formunun kapsam geçerliği KGİ=0,85 bulundu. Yapı geçerliği değerlendirildiğinde, Kaiser Meyer Olking (KMO) değeri 0,844 ve Barlett’s Testi Ki Kare Değeri 1932,52 (p
Os calcaneus angles in dry bones of Turkish population
Authors: KABAKCI Ayşe Gül , TAŞKIN Rümeysa Gamze , ÇEVİK Yiğit
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate calcaneus angles in dry bones belonging to Turkish population.

Materials and Methods: Dry calcaneal bones which age and sex were unknown belonging to Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine were used in this study. The photographs of the bones were taken under fixed light and distance, positioned like lateral direct graph, the Böhler (BA) and Gissane (GA) angles were measured according to the reference points using the digital design program (SketchUp 2016). Calculation sensitivity was 1/10°. Angle value distrubitons and left right relations were examined. After the measurements minimum-maximum, median and standart deviation values were obtained.

Results: Total of 67 dry bones were clasified as left and right. The average BA was measured as (minimum-maximum); 29.68°±4.71° (20.00°-39.80°) on the right side and 31.54°±4.88° (20.20°-41.20°) on the left side. GA average was measured as (minimum-maximum); 102.96°±5.25° (93.70°-114.5°) on the right side, 103.89°±7.14° (93.10°-120.4°) on the left side. For both angles no significant difference was found between left and right calcaneus.

Conclusions: Calcaneus angles may differ between races and populations. These angular values are important in determining calcaneus fractures. Base values of these angles are especially important in determining the baseline values which will be useful in practice. In literature the risk of fractures (especially displaced fractures) increases as the Böhler Angle and Gissane Angle approach the lower limits. Therefore, values obtained in this study will contribute establishing reference values in Turkish population.
The effect of Ca-Dobesilate over renal scar formation in an experimental pyelonephritis model
Authors: SİMSEK Behcet , BAYAZIT Aysun Karabay , GÖNLÜŞEN Gülfiliz , NOYAN Aytül , ANARAT Ali
Published: January 2021

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the drug: Ca-Dobesilate (CaD) which has been in common use in venous insufficiency treatment; on renal scarring and expressions of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFb1), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and hepatocyte growth factor-beta (HGF-beta) in a rat pyelonephritis model.

Materialw and Methods: Eight pyelonephritis groups, each constituting of 7 rats were developed as no treatment - ciprofloxacin – ciprofloxacin and CaD administered groups; following injecting E Coli (ATCC 25922) into kidney. No treatment given rat groups were sacrificed following 24h, 72 h, 14d and 28d from bacterial seeding respectively. Rats from treatment groups were sacrificed after 14d and 28d accordingly. Diagnoses of pyelonephritis and fibrosis, TGFb, bFGF and HGF-beta were scored semiquantitatively by immunohistochemical staining.

Results: The extent of pyelonephritis and fibrosis was lower in rats treated with ciprofloxacin and CaD compared to sole ciprofloxacin and no treatment administered counterparts among groups terminated after 2wks following bacterial inoculation. However, CaD effect on pyelonephritis and fibrosis scores did not persist after treatment was discontinued.

Conclusion: CaD might alleviate pyelonephritis and scarring, depending on dosage and treatment period and further studies are needed to determine optimum treatment dose and duration.
IMPLEMENTASI E-GOVERNMENT DI DINAS KOMUNIKASI DAN INFORMATIKA (STUDI KASUS APLIKASI TANGERANG LIVE)
Authors: Oktafrianti Devi , Aditya Toddy , Nurhakim Nurhakim
Published: January 2021

The Tangerang Live application is a communication hub in helping the government achieve organizational goals and communicate with the community. With the existence of e-government can provide public services more effectively and efficiently. In its implementation, there is a need for a combination of institutions, humans and technology. This research focuses on institutional factors in managing the Tangerang Live application and aims to be able to see the capabilities of the city of Tangerang and make it easier for the public to obtain information. This research method uses descriptive qualitative. The data were processed from the results of interviews and observations and then analyzed. The results show that there are several things that are of concern, such as human resources who are not yet competent, services handling is yet optimal and there is no standard operating procedure (SOP) related to the application used. The application is not as expected, it has been socialized but it depends on the level of awareness of the community.
CADEIAS PRODUTIVAS DE MUDAS NO MUNICÍPIO DE HERCULÃNDIA: UMA ANÁLISE EXPLORATÓRIA
Authors: Jorge S. M. , Lourenzani A. E.B.S. , Santos C. V.
Published: January 2021

A produção de mudas consiste em um importante empreendimento para a economia do município de Herculândia-SP, desde o registro do primeiro viveiro que aconteceu em 1977. O município concentra viveiros de pequeno, médio e grande portes com espécies variadas de mudas, como plantas ornamentais, frutíferas e essências nativas. Devido à sua representatividade, notou-se a importância em identificar e caracterizar os agentes envolvidos nas principais cadeias produtivas das mudas, bem como as interações ocorridas nos diversos passos envoltos na cadeia de produção. Assim, com esse estudo de caráter exploratório, foi possível realizar a caracterização dos agentes da cadeia de mudas de Herculândia, além da compreensão do ambiente institucional e organizacional que sustentam a cadeia.
UMA DÉCADA DA ENGENHARIA DE BIOSSISTEMAS: DESCRIÇÃO INSTITUCIONAL E NÃO INSTITUCIONAL DO CURSO
Authors: Magalhães L. P.
Published: January 2021

Após mais de 10 anos da criação do primeiro curso de Engenharia de Biossistemas no Brasil, será que já é possível obter uma definição (ou descrição) única da Engenharia de Biossistemas? As descrições contidas nos sites institucionais das quatro Universidades oferecem uma descrição similar sobre o curso? Quais palavras-chave esses sites apresentam na descrição da Engenharia de Biossistemas? E os sites não-institucionais que descrevem a profissão, se utilizam de quais palavras com mais frequência? Para responder estas perguntas foi feita uma mineração nos textos utilizados pelas quatro Universidades na descrição do curso, para assim obter as palavras mais utilizadas na caracterização do curso, seu grafo de relação e a similaridade entre as descrições. Os resultados mostraram baixa similaridade entre os textos, o enfoque na palavra ‘produção’ como a mais citada e que os textos não-institucionais apresentam mais o termo ‘agricultura’ como central do que aqueles institucionais.
La agricultura riojana en la crisis finisecular
Authors: Alonso Castroviejo Jesús Javier
Published: January 2021

La finalidad primordial del presente trabajo es la de ofrecer una síntesis actualizada de la situación de la agricultura riojana en la crítica coyuntura de la crisis finisecular. El viñedo será el protagonista principal del trabajo, pero no por ello se dejará de lado la evolución de los otros cultivos que componían el paisaje agrario riojano. Una somera evaluación de los costes de la crisis filoxérica cierra el estudio.
La masonería de obediencia española ante el conflicto colonial puertorriqueño
Authors: Ayala José Antonio
Published: January 2021

Se trata de analizar el papel jugado por la masonería de obediencia española en el contexto general de la isla de puerto rico, ya que no se puede olvidar el influjo ideológico de varias masonerías en esta isla del caribe y que se dejo percibir desde los primeros años del siglo XIX. De todas las formas, 1871 fue el momento clave en que la orden deja de ser clandestina para, tras ser legalizada y tolerada, deje notar la implantación de determinadas ideas. Su separación de España se debió a la intervención de los estados unidos y no a ninguna otra influencia ni masónica ni no masónica.
La masonería y la independencia de Puerto Rico : análisis de un papel de 1823
Authors: Ferrer Benimeli José Antonio
Published: January 2021

El trabajo toma como base un "papel" fechado en 1823 en plena reacción absolutista de Fernando VII conservado en puerto rico en el archivo familiar del propio mariscal Miguel de la Torre y procedente de un archivo particular de Madrid. El documento es un largo memorial que como consecuencia de un final complicado, cifrado y anónima despedida no habitual en la documentación y ritual masónico, hace pensar se puede tratar de un anónimo no masón con el que se pretendía atemorizar al gobernador militar de puerto rico incitándole de paso a una peligrosa aventura política bajo la doble coacción de la amenaza y el chantaje.
Sigilografía de las logias norteamericanas
Authors: Cuartero Escobés Susana
Published: January 2021

El presente trabajo esta dividido en tres partes. Las dos primeras están dedicadas al origen y significado de los principales símbolos utilizados por las logias españolas asentadas en Estados Unidos. La tercera en un pequeño ejemplo de los sellos y cabeceras de cartas tal y como los emplearon los talleres
Nacionalismo y masonería en España (1880-1936)
Authors: Sánchez Ferré Pere
Published: January 2021

Es una aproximación al concepto de nacionalismo definido ya en el siglo XIX, refiriéndose a dos tipos de nacionalismo dentro de la masonería española, de una parte el definido por el gran oriente español, centrado en la defensa de los derechos masónicos de España allende sus fronteras y que en el plano interno rechaza los nacionalismos como el catalán, y un nacionalismo expansionista e incluso colonial, también defendido por el G. O. E., que se convirtió en el abanderado de los valores y la cultura española
1936 : Un ejemplo de represión jurídico-política de la masonería española
Authors: Delgado Idarreta José Miguel
Published: January 2021

El artículo presenta la represión que se llevo a cabo desde la España nacional del general franco iniciada la guerra civil. La creación del contubernio, la ley de responsabilidades políticas de 1939, la ley de represión de la masonería y el comunismo de 1 de marzo de 1940 y la formación de la "causa general" por un decreto del ministerio de justicia de 26 de abril de 1940 componen la trama de que se servirá para organizar la represión franquista en los años inmediatos al fin de la guerra civil. En concreto se analiza la "pieza especial" de la "causa general" que se incoa para esclarecer los "antecedentes y asesinatos de don José Calvo Sotelo y don José Antonio Primo e Rivera" (sic)
Patrimonio vivo: Guía metodológica
Authors: Navarrete Jesús , Caimanque Rodrigo , Sáenz Luis , Larrain de Andraca Isidora , Irazábal Clara
Published: January 2021

La implementación del Programa Patrimonio Vivo en las ciudades y centros históricos de la región implica desafíos multidimensionales al buscar la integración de componentes de gobernanza, resiliencia, inclusión social y productividad, entre otras, a la revitalización patrimonial urbana. El desarrollo de herramientas y métodos de acción adecuados resultan clave para una ejecución acorde a los desafíos de las áreas patrimoniales. El presente documento corresponde a una guía práctica que define los pasos necesarios para implementar la metodología Patrimonio Vivo. En esta, se definen actores y sus roles, tiempos y mecanismos asociados al logro de hitos del programa, y una ruta hacia la consolidación del Plan Estratégico y el Esquema de Financiamiento. Estos últimos son los principales instrumentos que Patrimonio Vivo dejará instalados en la ciudad para iniciar el proceso de revitalización patrimonial.
Causas de la pobreza en Bogotá
Authors: Betancour Gustavo Sandoval
Published: January 2021

En este artículo de investigación se aborda el tema de las causas de la pobreza desde una visión metodológica un tanto diferente a los enfoques más comunes. El objetivo es determinar si la incidencia de la pobreza monetaria en la ciudad de Bogotá es causada por una serie de variables de carácter general, que se diferencian de aquellas referidas a las condiciones individuales de las personas. El concepto de pobreza utilizada como variable explicada fue la pobreza monetaria. Las variables explicativas seleccionadas fueron la tasa de desempleo, el salario mínimo real, el salario mínimo nominal, el costo de la canasta familiar, el crecimiento poblacional de Bogotá, el índice de crecimiento de precios para el consumidor y el crecimiento del PIB de Bogotá. Para identificar y medir la capacidad de incidencia de tales variables sobre la pobreza se hizo el análisis de los mecanismos que ellas dinamizan y que afectan la pobreza monetaria, apoyado con la comprobación de su validez por mediciones de carácter econométrico. El periodo seleccionado para adelantar la investigación fue el correspondiente a 2002 – 2015, que se puede considerar como representativo del comportamiento reciente de la economía de Bogotá y los comportamientos de la pobreza y sus causas. Los resultados obtenidos indican que todas las variables explicativas, excepto el desempleo, se comportan de acuerdo a lo que teóricamente se esperaría respecto a su incidencia sobre la pobreza. De otra parte las conclusiones que se obtienen del trabajo aquí presentado indican que las causas que generan pobreza en Bogotá están muy relacionadas con el mayor crecimiento del precio de la canasta familiar frente al lento crecimiento del salario mínimo real. También la pobreza está muy relacionada con el crecimiento del PIB, el cual cuando crece es el principal determinante de la reducción de la pobreza entre las variables consideradas en el análisis. La pobreza extrema, como parte de la estadística de pobreza monetaria, es causa importante de la incidencia de la pobreza monetaria en cuanto hace parte de esta. El salario real es también un factor que explica el crecimiento de la pobreza monetaria, debido a que su crecimiento al ser más lento que el crecimiento del costo real de la canasta familiar se rezaga y cae por debajo de la línea de pobreza. En contraste el salario nominal, si creciera al ritmo de la inflación para el consumidor, haría reducir el índice de pobreza.
¿Cómo prepararse para el futuro en la gestión empresarial?
Authors: Gil Bolívar Fabio Alberto
Published: January 2021

Las ciencias de la complejidad permiten explicar el comportamiento de las empresas como sistemas complejos que sufren permanentes cambios. Así, estas organizaciones presentarían un comportamiento auto-organizado, imprevisible, alejado de la estabilidad, emergente, con diversas interacciones internas y externas, con respuestas innovadoras y prácticas co-evolutivas con su entorno. Esta perspectiva pretende sustituir la mirada positivista, tradicional y dominante, en la que el comportamiento de las empresas se parece al de una “máquina” regida por el orden, el control, la linealidad y la predecibilidad. Con ello se pretende comprender la gestión empresarial como un campo de conocimiento que puede explicarse a la luz de lo que se conoce como la “metáfora biológica” (Morgan, 1986). El artículo se divide en cuatro apartados que dan cuenta de la complejidad de la realidad empresarial, la empresa como sistema complejo, la dirección y la gestión compleja y las limitantes para planificar el futuro de las organizaciones empresariales, bajo enfoques tradicionales del campo de los Estudios de Futuro, como la Prospectiva Estratégica.
Assessment of Fatal Road Traffic Crashes in Turkey
Authors: Suleiman Ghassan , Dahamsheh Ahmad M. , Ergun Murat
Published: January 2021

In Turkey, thousands of people die in road traffic accidents and hundreds of thousands are injured every year. This study aims to quantify the fatal traffic accident problem in Turkey. Quantifying the scale of the problem will direct the attention of decision-makers and related authorities in Turkey to tackle the traffic accidents’ problem. To accomplish these objectives, accidents’ data from 2009 through 2019 were used. The characteristics of fatal traffic accidents were investigated and models were developed. The accuracy of the model’s performance was evaluated using Root Mean Square Error and the Coefficient of Determination. The results showed that about (9%) of total accidents have resulted in human casualties. The analysis revealed that mistakes of drivers and pedestrians caused 88% and 8% of the total accidents respectively. Drivers' mistakes included violations of the speed limit, right of way and maneuvering rules. The developed models showed a strong correlation between the numbers of injuries and vehicles’ km/year (R2 = 0.84). Finally, the number of casualties in the last two years, showed a decrease as a result of a drop in the mobility rate of heavy vehicles in addition to a slowdown in the growth rate of registered vehicles.
Redesign the Front Shape of the Sedan Car for Pedestrian Safety and Mitigating Leg Injuries at Accidents
Authors: Samaka Hatam , Al-Bugharbee Hussein , Al-Azawy Mohammed
Published: January 2021

The number of fatal and non-fatal pedestrian injuries, due to car accidents, has increased. For this reason, design of least possible harm cars (i.e. pedestrian friendly cars) has attracted the interest of many researchers and companies in order to reduce mortality and mitigate injuries. The use of friendly cars can also lead to the reduction of the expensive medical treatment costs for pedestrian injuries and consequently alleviates the financial burdens of the governments and insurance companies. In the sedan cars accidents, the common first pedestrian body part which experiences impact is the legs. In this research, a simulation study is conducted for investigating the effects of car bumper profile and plastic grille tilt angle on the severity of collision. LS-Dyna software is used to simulate, numerically investigate and analyze the mechanism of collision between a simulated leg and a vehicle bumper. In this simulation, three parameters are considered, impact line between pedestrian leg and car bumper, the height of the bumper relative to the knee, and the plastic grille tilt angle. The results of this study showed that the increase of impact line, increase of bumper height and decrease the plastic grille tilt angle alleviate the severity of pedestrians leg injuries.
The Relationship between Speech Recognition Ability and Short-term Memory in Children with Down Syndrome
Authors: Guo Yinyin
Published: January 2021

In order to compare the difference in speech recognition ability and short-term memory between children with Down syndrome (DS) and normal children (TD), and to explore the relationship between DS children’s speech recognition ability and short-term memory, this study tested two groups of children with Chinese minimal phoneme pairs. Results: (1) The speech recognition ability of DS children was significantly lower than that of TD children in the control group; The short-term verbal memory of DS children is significantly lower than that of TD children in the control group. (2) The difference between DS children’s speech recognition ability and speech short-term memory performance of four stimuli is significantly lower than the difference between speech short-term memory performance of four stimuli and six stimuli; There was no significant difference between the speech recognition ability of TD children and the speech short-term memory scores of four stimuli and between the speech short-term memory scores of four stimuli and six stimuli. Conclusion: DS children have defects in speech recognition and short-term memory. DS children’s speech recognition ability is not the main reason for their poor short-term memory.
Research Progress on Cognitive Deficiencies of Specific Reading Com-prehension Disorders
Authors: Cheng Xiaozhen
Published: January 2021

Specific dyslexia is a sub-type of dyslexia, which has gradually attracted the attention of researchers at home and abroad in recent years. Research on specific dyslexia mainly comes from cognitive field and focuses on language skills, general cognitive ability and impairment of cognitive flexibility. This paper sorts out and summarizes the basic viewpoints and related researches on cognitive deficits of specific dyslexics, and analyzes the causes and effects of specific dyslexics, so as to provide references for the identification, intervention training and research of specific dyslexics.
The Effectiveness of Social Media Support for Caregivers: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wan Wenlin , Li Leixi , Zuo Xiaoli , Fan Yingying
Published: January 2021

Background: Caring for patients living with long term conditions is a long-term task. The augmenting use of social media (SM) supports for health information and communication has created new opportunities for new models of health-care. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of SM support for caregivers. Methods: This systematic review mainly includes research over the past decade on caregivers for chronic diseases, with the results focusing on SM support for caregivers. Results: This literature review found that SM-based interventions can meet caregivers’ needs and have a positive impact on caregiver burden (CB) of chronic diseases such as cancer, dementia and stroke. Experimental studies of health interventions for stroke caregivers (SCs) through WeChat interventions have been limited. Conclusion: More quantitative studies are needed in the future to explore the effectiveness of WeChat as an intervention in the burden of SCs.
“STUDENTS FOR CHILDREN”: A VOLUNTEER PROGRAMME-MODEL FOR UNIVERSITIES FOR THE SUPPORT OF CHILDREN IN FOSTER CARE
Authors: Kulcsár Gabriella , Zeller Judit , Korinek Beáta
Published: January 2021

Foster care institutions are badly understaffed and operate on the lowest expected standards in terms of human resources in Hungary. In many cases, child protection personnel working with children in foster care do not have the necessary qualifications, and even those that do are often so overloaded with tasks that they cannot routinely engage in meaningful social interactions with the children. This paper introduces a unique and easily adaptable model of volunteer ,,work in university settings that aims to improve the situation of children in foster care. The Students for Children Volunteer Programme was founded in 2010 in the Faculty of Law at the University of Pécs, Hungary, and is now part of the curriculum there both as an elective course and as a cross-faculty programme. From the outset, the primary goal of this initiative has been to improve the situation of children in foster care through student mentoring by empowering them to manage everyday challenges and develop meaningful perspectives on their futures. Other equally important objectives are to enhance students’ social sensitivity and skills and to shape their thinking through this challenging work. Since its inception, the programme has been operating with unbroken success and, over the years, nearly 400 volunteers have completed the programme. The long-term plan is that through this model a country-wide network of similar volunteer programmes can be developed to improve the situation of children in need. Although aspects of the Students for Children programme still need to be refined, our experience with it shows that it has invaluable social, educational, and psychological effects on both the children and the future law professionals.
Quality Investing: the Role of Profitability to Separate Good From Bad Stock in Value Investing
Authors: Dananjaya Yanuar , Magdalena Renna
Published: January 2021

This paper examines how company measurement of profitability can be used to enhance the return of value investing strategy. In value investing strategy, stocks that are deemed cheap based on certain measurement are purchased. It is expected that the price of cheap stocks will increase in the future, and thus resulting in high return. In the heart of this strategy is the assumption that investors overreact to bad news. Thus bad news of a company will result in reduction of stock price below its fundamental value, resulting in undervaluation of the stock. The problem with this strategy is that not all cheap stocks are undervalued. Some cheap stocks are genuinely problematic, and their cheap valuation is already reflecting the fair value of the stocks. Thus portfolio formed using value investing might contain cheap stocks that are not undervalue, but instead fairly valued in that cheap level. One way to screen fairly valued cheap stock is by using profitability measurement as addition to value measurement. In this way stocks that are chosen are cheap stocks of the company with high profitability, and thus enhancing the probability of undervalued stocks. In this research, it is found that adding ROIC to the usual PER factor in value investing strategy increases that one year portfolio return. Quality investing, in which profitability measurement is added to value measurement in value investing, is thus a potential strategy to be used by investor
Genre of transcription in aspect of composer’s style (on the example of Oleksandr Nazarenko’s creativity)
Authors: Maksym Yu Pliuschenko
Published: January 2021

This article considers theoretical and practical aspects of research of the transcription genre, grounds its stylistic properties, reliance on the model of other’s performance, double authorship, and action of composer’s interpretation. These issues are projected onto the timbre-texture complex in this genre as the most important factor of transcription.

The material of the research was the concert arrangement of F. Lips and the transcription of A. Nazarenko to one original source – the play «Shivering Leaves» by P. Norrbak. Specificity of the analyzed musical material proposed in this article is the comparison of two arrangements – F. Lips and A. Nazarenko – in order to identify the distinctions between them, as well as the revelation of the individual-style spectra of the transcriptions genre in A. Nazarenko’s works. At this, it is noted that in creating the author’s version, A. Nazarenko relied not on the original Waltz by P. Norrbak, but on the F. Lips’ arrangement acting as a work model in this comparative analysis.

In the analysis of the two versions, different methods of research are used, besides the comparative one – they are also interpretation, considering the problems of bayan performance; genre, and style, which characterize the compositional and dramatic features, genre-style specificity of musical exponents; organological, contributing to the research of the specificity of the instrument, here – bayan in the context of comparing its expressive possibilities in two plays. His research resulted in the identification of the principal distinctions in methods of artistic interpretation of two authors.
IMPACTS OF QUERCETIN AND MERCAPTOTHION ON MALE REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS OF RATS
Authors:   Department of Anatomical Sciences, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran., Roshankhah Shiva , Shabanizadeh Ahmad ,   Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran., Abdolmaleki Amir , Reza Salahshoor1 Mohammad ,   Department of Anatomical Sciences, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Published: January 2021

Quercetin is an herbal polyphenol with valuable antioxidant properties. Mercaptothion is categorized as organophosphates which can generate free radicals and induce male fertility disorders. This study was aimed to assess the impacts of Quercetin against destruction of male fertility parameters induced by Mercaptothion. 64 male rats were randomly assigned into 8 groups; control, and Mercaptothion (250 mg/kg) groups; Quercetin groups (7.5, 15, and 30 mg/kg) and Mercaptothion + Quercetin (7.5, 15, and 30 mg/kg). Treatments were administered intraperitoneally (Mercaptothion) and orally (Quercetin) daily for 65 days. The sperm parameters, testis malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), testosterone level and height of germinal layer were evaluated. Expressions of p53, caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2 were measured through real-time quantitative PCR. Values of all factors were reduced significantly except the MDA level (which increased) in Mercaptothion group compared to the control group (p<0.001). Studied criteria in groups of Quercetin and Quercetin + Mercaptothion in whole doses increased significantly except MDA level (which reduced) compared to the Mercaptothion group (p<0.001). Also, downregulated levels of p53, caspase-3, and Bax genes and unregulated levels of Bcl-2 gene expression were detected in control and the sixth treatment groups significantly in Quercetin group compared to the Mercaptothion group (p<0.001). No significant alterations were detected in Quercetin groups compared to the control group (p>0.05). Quercetin reduced toxic effects of Mercaptothion on male fertility parameters.
Audit Fees and Financial Performance of Deposit Taking Saccos in North RIFT, Kenya
Authors: Serem Dorris , Fwamba Dr. Rashid , Benedict Dr. Alala
Published: January 2021

The collapse of Deposit-Taking SACCOS and financial institutions in Kenya has caught the attention of the public and supervisory agencies to query the quality of audit. SACCO Societies Regulatory Authority on its inspection report indicated that SACCOs have been implicated in maladministration, scams and fraudulent dealings that led to their eventual collapse. SASRA also revoked licenses and rejected audited financial statements of some Deposit Taking SACCOs between 2013 to 2017.These financial scandals have been traced to poor audit quality. The study aimed to test the impact of audit quality on financial performance of Deposit-Taking SACCOs in North Rift Region, Kenya. The study sought to establish the influence of audit fees on financial performance; determine the influence of audit firm tenure on financial performance; establish the influence of auditor independence on financial performance and to determine the influence of audit firm experience on financial performance of Deposit-Taking SACCOs in North Rift Region, Kenya. This study was based on Agency theory, Role theory and the Concept of audit expectation gap, and Stakeholders’ theory. This research adopted descriptive cross-sectional research design. The target population for the study was 266 staff of all the 16 registered Deposit-Taking SACCOs in North Rift Region, Kenya. The sample size was 48 respondents comprising of chief executive officers, finance officers and internal auditors of the Deposit-Taking SACCOs selected using purposive sampling method. Primary and secondary data was used. Questionnaires collected primary data while audited annual financial statements of SACCOs provided secondary data. Inferential and descriptive statistics was used in analyzing data through SPSS version 25. It emerged that audit fees, audit firm tenure and audit firm experience have a significant positive influence on financial performance of Deposit-Taking SACCOs in North Rift Region, Kenya. Auditor independence had an insignificant positive influence on financial performance of Deposit-Taking SACCOs in North Rift Region, Kenya. The study concluded that audit quality has a positive noteworthy impact on financial performance of Deposit-Taking SACCOs in Kenya. The study recommends that regulatory authorities should formulate strict rules on audit fee charges and oversee the implementation of the same. Also, SASRA should ensure DT-SACCOs implement auditor rotation in compliance with auditing regulations and standards. DT-SACCOs to consider auditor’s professional competence and experience before initiating any audit engagement. Finally, DT-SACCOs and auditors should reinforce the professional code of ethics in regard to auditor independence in terms of familiarity between auditor and the client that may lead audit work into jeopardy.