bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retrospective and Prospective Views on the Role of the Hippocampus in Interval Timing and Memory for Elapsed Time
Authors: MacDonald Christopher J. , Fortin Norbert J. , Sakata Shogo , Meck Warren H.
Published: February 2014

The overlap of neural circuits involved in episodic memory, relational learning, trace conditioning, and interval timing suggests the importance of hippocampal-dependent processes. Identifying the functional and neural mechanisms whereby the hippocampus plays a role in timing and decision-making, however, has been elusive. In this article we describe recent neurobiological findings, including the discovery of hippocampal ‘time cells’, dependency of duration discriminations in the minutes range on hippocampal function, and the correlation of hippocampal theta rhythm with specific features of temporal processing. These results provide novel insights into the ways in which the hippocampus might interact with the striatum in order to support both retrospective and prospective timing. Suggestions are also provided for future research on the role of the hippocampus in memory for elapsed time.
Rotational Jitter around the Observer’s Line of Sight Can Facilitate Visually Induced Perception of Forward Self-Motion (Forward Vection)
Authors: Nakamura Shinji
Published: February 2014

Previous studies have shown that the addition of jittering motion into a visual inducer facilitates vection. A psychophysical experiment with 12 observers found that the expanding visual inducer, which contained rotational jitter around the observer’s line of sight, can induce stronger forward vection than a pure radial expansion without any additional jittering component. The results suggested that angular rotational jitter can facilitate vection without the enhancement of motion parallax, which has been considered one of the critical factors in explaining jitter effects.
The Influence of Previous Environmental History on Audio-Visual Binding Occurs during Visual-Weighted but not Auditory-Weighted Environments
Authors: Wilbiks Jonathan M. P. , Dyson Benjamin J.
Published: February 2014

Although there is substantial evidence for the adjustment of audio-visual binding as a function of the distribution of audio-visual lag, it is not currently clear whether adjustment can take place as a function of task demands. To address this, participants took part in competitive binding paradigms whereby a temporally roving auditory stimulus was assigned to one of two visual anchors (visual-weighted; VAV), or, a temporally roving visual stimulus was assigned to one of two auditory anchors (auditory-weighted; AVA). Using a blocked design it was possible to assess the malleability of audio-visual binding as a function of both the repetition and change of paradigm. VAV performance showed sensitivity to preceding contexts, echoing previous ‘repulsive’ effects shown in recalibration literature. AVA performance showed no sensitivity to preceding contexts. Despite the use of identical equi-probable temporal distributions in both paradigms, data support the contention that visual contexts may be more sensitive than auditory contexts in being influenced by previous environmental history of temporal events.
Multisensory Encoding Improves Auditory Recognition
Authors: Moran Zachary D. , Bachman Peter , Pham Phillip , Hah Cho Seong , Cannon Tyrone D. , Shams Ladan
Published: February 2014

Recent studies have challenged the long-held belief that recognition is unfailingly degraded by contextual differences between study and test items. In these studies, recognition of pictures presented in silence was better when during study or initial exposure the images were accompanied by a semantically congruent sound rather than silence. In the present study, we sought to examine the generalization of this phenomenon to auditory recognition and found a significant improvement in the recognition of auditory items when coupled with a congruent picture. We discuss these findings within the framework of the redintegration hypothesis of memory retrieval as well as Bayesian inference and learning.
Marriage and Divorce of Christians and New Muslims in Early Modern Ottoman Empire: Crete 1645-1670
Authors: Kermeli Eugenia
Published: February 2014

Abstract

This paper focuses on many interesting remarks with regard to the application of Ottoman law in Crete in the second half of the XVII century. At that time, the general principles of Ḥanafī law on marriage and divorce were followed and the Ottoman modifications stressing the judicial and sultanic authority were observed. The registration of marriage contracts is considered an important if not necessary requirement. The aim was to alleviate complications in case of divorce or death of one of the spouses. The petition to the judge to reissue a marriage contract was a practical necessity, an example of which is the order of the judge to produce the marriage contract, as proof. This does not mean though that practice was similar everywhere in the empire. Societies like the Cretan one with a long tradition of written documentation, inherited by the Venetians, was more apt to adopt Ottoman innovations on registration than towns in Anatolia.

Christians and new Muslims in Crete seem to have adapted rather rapidly to the introduction of the new judicial system. They can defend themselves successfully in court and they are aware of procedure. It is remarkable to see a Christian woman achieving the rehearing of her case through a sultanic order few years after the conquest. I cannot however but wonder about the type of legal advice and aid she had received local customs like the traditional dowry given by the wife to the husband, is thus disguised, as gift to adhere to new legal concepts. Social problems like poverty, forced conversion or second marriages, illustrate the problems the judge was faced with. Thus the ottoman judge uncertain as to whether the rapidly changing Cretan society, with the numerous converts and non-Muslims is capable of understanding fine points of Islamic law, operates as an educator reminding the litigants of their obligations.
The Emancipated Slaves Faced with the Jurisdiction of Algiers in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries
Authors: Loualich Fatiha
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Through a corpus of notarial deeds issued by the maḥākim šarʿiyyah of Algiers in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, we will tackle the relationship between emancipated slaves and legal authorities. In its daily life, the community of emancipated slaves resorted to the judicial body for many different reasons, first, for the issue of status. In order to become emancipated, the slave had to obtain a deed: a testament or a declaration that justifies his access to this new status. Second, for deeds of civil status, deeds of marriage and divorce, deeds recording property in case of acquisition or transmission, acknowledgements of debts and so forth. If for the majority of people resorting to the legal authorities for questions of civil status, identity, property and other issue is usual, it is different for the community of emancipated slaves as their relationship to the judicial body quite complex. We will use samples of the archives of the legal authorities of the period in order to dissect the daily life of this community, and analyze their complex and confused relationship to the judicial body by tackling the different facets that crystallize this relationship.
Local Brothers, National Enemies: Representations of Religious Otherness in Post-Ottoman Epirus (Greece)
Authors: Pusceddu Antonio Maria
Published: February 2014

Abstract

The paper presents a general overview of an ongoing research on representations of multi-religious Epirote society in local textual narratives. Aim of the paper is to explore the interplay between the Greek nationalistic script of anti-Muslim discourses and the local narratives of the Ottoman past. The focus is on the objectification of local memories in textual narratives and how this process has been affected by the diglossic relationships between oral and written Greek, which favoured a textual re-elaboration of local memories through the lens of dominant national narratives.

It is argued that the analysis of ‘marginal texts’ in ‘marginal contexts’ can provide a useful ground to reflect on the complexities implied in the reshaping of the Ottoman past and the multi-religious character of Ottoman Balkan society, caught in between the imperatives of national narratives and the selective processes of local memories.
Redescription of Limnosida frontosa Sars, 1862 (Crustacea: Cladocera: Sididae), with evidence of possible incipient species differentiation
Authors: KOROVCHINSKY NIKOLAI M.
Published: February 2014

Limnosida frontosa Sars, 1862 is redescribed based on the material from over its entire range, from Norway and Finland in the west to Yakutia in eastern Siberia and the Lower Amur River basin (Far East of Russia) in the east. Morphological analysis of the species has revealed a combination of advanced and evolutionary primitive features, latter characterizing Limnosida as the most primitive member of the order Ctenopoda. Investigation of intra- and interpopulational morphological variability, in particular of the post abdominal claws, led to a tentative separation of the species into two main forms, occurring regionally in the north-west and east of Northern Eurasia. Their taxonomic status as yet remains unclear. Some overlap in geographical distribution of these forms and the presence of populations with intermediate morphological features probably reflects irregularity of the diversification process in L. frontosa s.l. within its range. This diversification may be the result of both geographic disjunction and adaptation to waters of different trophic status. The low level of intraspecies differentiation and comparatively limited geographic distribution of this species imply its young age while the genus Limnosida itself is presumed ancient.
Four new species of Pauropoda (Brachypauropodidae, Eurypauropodidae, Pauropodidae) from the Sanqingshan Mountains, Jiangxi Province, China
Authors: QIAN CHANGYUAN , CHU KELIN , LIU XIAORUI , SUN HONGYING
Published: February 2014

Among 46 pauropods collected from the Sanqingshan Mountains in southeastern China, four new species were identified: Borneopauropus acutifolius sp. n. in Brachypauropodidae, Samarangopus dilatare sp. n. in Eurypauropodidae, both families new to China, and two species in Pauropodidae, Decapauropus cutellatus sp. n. and D. biaristatus sp. n.
Causes of Decadal Changes of the Freshwater Content in the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Köhl Armin , Serra Nuno
Published: February 2014

Decadal changes of the liquid freshwater content in the Arctic Ocean are studied with a suite of forward and adjoint model simulations. Adjoint sensitivities show that freshwater volume changes in the Norwegian Atlantic Current north of the Lofoten basin and a salinity maximum in the Fram Strait and in the Canadian Archipelago lead to an enhanced northward transport of freshwater. The dynamical sensitivities indicate that stronger freshwater export from the Arctic is related to an enhanced cyclonic circulation around Greenland, with an enhanced export through the Canadian Archipelago and a stronger circulation within the Fram Strait. Associated with this circulation around Greenland is a large-scale cyclonic circulation in the Arctic. Cyclonic wind stress anomalies in the Arctic Ocean as well as over the Nordic seas and parts of the subpolar Atlantic are optimal to force the freshwater transport changes.

Results from a simulation over the period 1948–2010 corroborate the result that Arctic freshwater content changes are mainly related to the strength of the circulation around Greenland. Volume transport changes are more important than salinity changes. Freshwater content changes can be explained by wind stress–driven transport variability, with larger export for cyclonic atmospheric forcing. By redistributing freshwater within the Arctic, cyclonic wind stress leads to high sea level in the periphery of the Arctic, and the stronger gradient from the Arctic to the North Atlantic enhances the export through the passages. A second mechanism is the wind-driven Sverdrup circulation, which can be described by Godfrey’s (1989) “island rule” including friction. For this, wind stress in the Arctic is not important.
Automated Scoring of Teachers’ Open-Ended Responses to Video Prompts
Authors: Kersting Nicole B. , Sherin Bruce L. , Stigler James W.
Published: February 2014

In this study, we explored the potential for machine scoring of short written responses to the Classroom-Video-Analysis (CVA) assessment, which is designed to measure teachers’ usable mathematics teaching knowledge. We created naïve Bayes classifiers for CVA scales assessing three different topic areas and compared computer-generated scores to those assigned by trained raters. Using cross-validation techniques, average correlations between rater- and computer-generated total scores exceeded .85 for each assessment, providing some evidence for convergent validity of machine scores. These correlations remained moderate to large when we controlled for length of response. Machine scores exhibited internal consistency, which we view as a measure of reliability. Finally, correlations between machine scores and another measure of teacher knowledge were close in size to those observed for human scores, providing further evidence for the validity of machine scores. Findings from this study suggest that machine learning techniques hold promise for automating scoring of the CVA.
Fiscal Challenges and Opportunities for an Independent Scotland
Authors: Crawford Rowena , Tetlow Gemma
Published: February 2014

This paper looks at some of the key fiscal questions related to Scottish independence, drawing on detailed analysis of household survey data, official data on public spending and revenues, and using a model of the UK and Scotland's public finances over the next half a century. We examine how and why public spending on, and revenues raised from, Scotland differ from the average across the UK, and how Scotland's fiscal position might be expected to evolve over the next 50 years under current policies.
The Structure of a Systematic Ecclesiology
Authors: Ormerod Neil
Published: February 2014

[Drawing on the classical understanding of theology as faith seeking understanding, the author explores the structure of a systematic ecclesiology, arguing that such a theology must be empirical, critical, normative, dialectic, and practical. He further maintains that such a goal requires the critical engagement of the social sciences. His position is illustrated though an analysis of the emergence of structures of ministry in the early Church, viewed especially through 1 Clement and the letters of Ignatius of Antioch.]
On Contemporary Martyrs: Some Recent Literature
Authors: Cunningham Lawrence S.
Published: February 2014

[This brief ongoing survey reviews some current literature on martyrs with special emphasis on those who have died for the faith in our own time. The author also addresses the claim that this literature is not only hagiographic (in the best sense of the word) but also a frequently overlooked resource for theological reflection.]
The Ordinary Universal Magisterium: Unresolved Questions
Authors: Gaillardetz Richard R.
Published: February 2014

[The conviction that the common teaching of the bishops was a sure guide for Christian faith goes back to the earliest centuries. In the decades since Vatican II, appeals to this category of common episcopal teaching, now referred to under the rubric “ordinary universal magisterium,” have grown dramatically. The author here documents the expanded appeals to the ordinary universal magisterium under the pontificate of John Paul II and explores the difficult theological questions that this practice raises.]
Walter Kasper on the Theology and the Praxis of the Bishop's Office
Authors: McDonnell Kilian
Published: February 2014

[The author reviews the discussion between Kasper and Ratzinger on the ontological priority of the universal Church, and then summarizes several studies by Kasper on the papacy and episcopacy at Vatican I, on Aquinas's teaching about the bishop's ministry, and Vatican II's teachings on the institution of the bishop's office, as well as the pastoral, collegial, and sacramental character of that office. Finally, he touches on Kasper's theological convictions regarding international synods of bishops, episcopal conferences, the election of bishops, and the personal responsibility of the bishop for the leadership in his local church.]
Eucharistic Sharing: Revising the Question
Authors: Vanderwilt Jeffrey
Published: February 2014

[The author provides a brief examination of Roman Catholic norms for sharing communion with non-Catholic Christians. He then discusses three areas of concern with respect to these norms as currently formulated: the Eucharist as the cause and expression of unity; the Eucharist in the context of Christian initiation; and Christian ministry with respect to eucharistic sharing. He concludes by offering four modest proposals to revise the question of eucharistic hospitality.]
Rosmini, Ratzinger, and Kuhn: Observations on a Note by the Doctrinal Congregation
Authors: Guarino Thomas
Published: February 2014

[In his encyclical Fides et ratio, John Paul II favorably cited Antonio Rosmini. Since many propositions taken from Rosmini's thought had been proscribed by the 19th-century magisterium, such citation called for a rethinking on the part of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. In a Note issued in 2001, its prefect, Joseph Ratzinger, explained how the earlier censure of Rosmini could now be reconciled with his current rehabilitation. Using categories drawn from Thomas Kuhn, the present article examines the Note and its admissions regarding paradigm-based rationality.]
Christian Doctrines, Ethical Issues, and Human Genetics
Authors: Mahoney Jack
Published: February 2014

[The basis of Christian ethics is a balance of the doctrines of creation, sin, redemption, and fulfillment which are at the heart of all human situations. Applying these four doctrines to human genetics leads to: recognizing a creative human role that respects the inner constitution of the human creature; being alert to the human capacity to misuse God's gifts and creatures; welcoming the opportunity to extend God's healing power in history; and promoting human solidarity in the application of genetic development for the common good.]
The Convergence of Forgiveness and Justice: Lessons from el Salvador
Authors: Pope Stephen J.
Published: February 2014

[Forgiveness and justice need not be understood as diametrically opposite moral responses to human evil. The murder of the Jesuits in El Salvador indicates ways in which truth-telling contributes to justice, and both of these to forgiveness and reconciliation. If the Church is to play a leadership role in reconciliation, it must encourage truth-telling and insist on justice rather than simply preach the easier message of “forgive and forget.”]
Jonathan Edwards on Beauty, Desire, and the Sensory World
Authors: Lane Belden C.
Published: February 2014

[Jonathan Edwards perceived the natural world as a school of desire. He thought that by carefully attending to the sensory splendors (and terrors) of creation, believers learn to apprehend God's glory, which is itself more sensory than anything we can imagine. The human task of bringing the world to a consciousness of its beauty in God is full of ecological implications. As George Marsden says in his new biography of Edwards, “The key to Edwards' thought is that everything is related because everything is related to God.”1]
The Ethics of Trade Policy in Catholic Political Economy
Authors: Rowntree Stephen C.
Published: February 2014

[Increased international trade characterizes economic globalization. Three views of such trade can be found in Catholic political economy. (1) From the 1930s to the mid-1960s: a strong defense of free trade. (2) From the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s: suspicion of free trade as exploiting poorer nations. (3) From the 1990s to the present: free trade as a “mixed blessing.” The author concludes that overall freer trade benefits both poor and rich countries, in spite of some adverse consequences.]
Assisted Nutrition and Hydration and the Catholic Tradition
Authors: Shannon Thomas A. , Walter James J.
Published: February 2014

[Whether or not it is morally permissible to discontinue artificial nutrition and hydration in severely brain-damaged patients was hotly debated this year in the case of Terri Schiavo. Our article focuses on how the Catholic tradition has addressed this kind of dilemma over the last 25 years. It recognizes four unacknowledged shifts concerned with: (1) the method of reasoning about our moral obligations; (2) the general context of construing our obligations to seek medical interventions; (3) the presumption to use artificial nutrition and hydration (ANH); and (4) our normative obligation to use ANH.]
Christ in the Theologies of Paul and John: A Study in the Diverse Unity of New testament Theology
Authors: Matera Frank J.
Published: February 2014

The foundational experience underlying Paul's Christology is the call and conversion that led him to focus his Christology on the death and resurrection of Christ. The foundational experience underlying the Christology of the Fourth Gospel is the witness of the Beloved Disciple to the incarnate Word, an experience that focuses the Gospel's Christology on the Incarnation. These different starting points clarify the diverse ways that Paul and John understood God's revelation, the human condition, and salvation.
Against Forgetting: Memory, History, Vatican II
Authors: Schloesser Stephen
Published: February 2014

The author argues that in the present discussion over the meaning of Vatican II, considered from the historical vantage point of 40 years, the council needs to be resituated as an event of the mid-20th century. Its break with the past, embodied in ruptures and reversals of long-standing Catholic mentalités, must be seen as a response to two world wars, the Holocaust, the Atomic Age, atheist communism, postwar existentialism, and the Cold War. Current debates about whether “anything happened” at Vatican II should consider that the new age inaugurated by the council was not merely possible; it was morally necessary.
For What May We Hope? Thoughts on the Eschatological Imagination
Authors: Thiel John E.
Published: February 2014

After reflecting on the reluctance of modern theology to engage in eschatological speculation, the author argues that plenty of traditional Catholic beliefs warrant a rich exercise of the eschatological imagination. The life of the blessed dead provides a test case for such speculation, with Jesus' own resurrected life in the Gospels invoked as an interpretive measure for the resurrected life of believers.
Eucharistic Justice
Authors: Power David N.
Published: February 2014

The article explores the relation between the celebration of the Eucharist and the church's mission to promote justice. The Eucharist's eschatological orientation has profound implications both for understanding the eucharistic tradition and for developing inculturated and contextually appropriate forms of eucharistic celebration. Some implications impinge directly on the church's mission to promote justice.
Exegesis of Biblical Theophanies in Byzantine Hymnography: Rewritten Bible?
Authors: Bucur Bogdan G.
Published: February 2014

The article discusses the interpretation of biblical theophanies in Byzantine hymns associated with the so-called Improperia tradition. After presenting the exegesis of specific theophanies as exemplified in hymns, the author argues that this type of exegesis is difficult to frame within the categories commonly used to describe patristic exegesis. He suggests that patristic scholars should instead consider the category “Rewritten Bible” current among scholars of the Old Testament Pseudepigrapha.
Social Ethics in Western Europe
Authors: Hogan Linda , May John D'Arcy
Published: February 2014

The article highlights the distinctiveness of European social ethics by beginning with an analysis of how theological ethicists have engaged with “Europe” as both idea and political project. Themes discussed include the role of religion in the public square, pluralism, and the limits of tolerance and intercultural ethics. Also considered are ethical questions arising from Europe's power as a significant economic bloc, as well as ethical responses to war and other forms of political violence. The article concludes with a comment on method.
The Nonvowed Form of the Lay State in the Life of the Church
Authors: Sullivan Patricia A.
Published: February 2014

The nonvowed “secular single lay state” claims many of today's Catholics, yet is little noticed, even though it was validated by Vatican II and was arguably the first Christian form of life given explicit theological articulation. Insufficient attention and appreciation may prevent the Catholic Church from realizing the full benefits of this form of the lay state. Patricia Sullivan finds in the thought of several renowned theologians guidance for a theological exposition of the nonvowed life whose central feature may be stewardship.
Two Points or Four?—Rahner and Lonergan on Trinity, Incarnation, Grace, and Beatific Vision
Authors: Ormerod Neil J.
Published: February 2014

In response to a recent article by Robert Doran, this article compares and contrasts the systematic coherence of Karl Rahner and Bernard Lonergan—how they interrelate the divine mysteries of the Trinity, incarnation, grace, and beatific vision. It argues that on all grounds Lonergan's position provides a more satisfying response to relating these mysteries to one another than does Rahner's. It also examines the possible origins of Lonergan's four-point hypothesis.
Freedom of the Press and Catholic Social Thought: Reflections on the Sexual Abuse Scandal in the Catholic Church in the United States
Authors: Decosse David E.
Published: February 2014

The article argues for the development of Catholic social teaching on freedom of the press. After examining the press's role in the recent sexual abuse scandal in the Church in the United States, the author reviews this role in light of current Catholic social teaching on the press. Finally, he examines the challenges of a development in the teaching, appealing to the thought of Charles Taylor, David Hollenbach, and Kenneth Himes, and arguing for a model of self-understanding by which the Church can efficaciously engage the free press as an indispensable interlocutor in a democratic civil society.
The True Ultimate End of Human Beings: The Kingdom, Not God Alone
Authors: Grisez Germain
Published: February 2014

The author argues against the view that the true ultimate end of human beings is only in God, attained by the beatific vision. The alternative proposed is that human beings' true ultimate end is fulfillment in God's kingdom, a communion of divine Persons and created persons, in which human members will be fulfilled with respect to all the goods proper to their nature. On this view, beatitude has various degrees, and the fulfillment of the blessed will continue increasing forever.
Economic Globalization and Asian Contextual Theology
Authors: Wijaya Yahya
Published: February 2014

Asian contextual theology tends to define globalization as a contemporary form of colonialism. Realizing the failure of past evangelization and contemporary American-oriented Evangelicalism in honoring the dignity and interests of local people, Asian contextual theologians reside in the antiglobalization camp. They locate themselves there for sound theological reasons, but their position does not reflect a complete account of the experiences of Asian people. These theologians should listen more carefully to people involved in the business sector and include those experiences in their interpretation of the context.
Neoliberal Globalization: Critiques and Alternatives
Authors: Sniegocki John
Published: February 2014

The author presents an overview of neoliberal globalization, its critics, and proposed policy alternatives. The contributions of Catholic social teaching to the globalization debate are highlighted. Several suggestions are made for enhancing Catholic teaching.
Migrant, Tourist, Pilgrim, Monk: Mobility and Identity in a Global Age
Authors: Cavanaugh William T.
Published: February 2014

Globalization is often portrayed as ushering in a world without borders, a mobile world where everything is shifting. This essay aims to nuance this portrayal by examining different kinds of mobility in the globalized world and the identities they create. It begins with examining two typical figures from a globalized world: the migrant and the tourist. Then two figures from religious traditions—the pilgrim and the monk—are examined as resources for a positive response to globalization.
Subsidiarity and Sphere-Sovereignty: A Match Made in …?
Authors: Van Til Kent A.
Published: February 2014

The principle of subsidiarity has a parallel in the Dutch Calvinist tradition of Abraham Kuyper. Seeking to create space for intermediate entities between the state and the individual, Kuyper developed the idea of “sphere-sovereignty” to express this. While the two principles are parallel, there are differences regarding the nature of each sphere, their interrelationships, and the role of the institutional church. Nevertheless, the combined strengths of these principles are instructive for those seeking to witness to Christian faith in all areas of contemporary, pluralistic societies.
Oncologic Safety of the Submental Flap for Reconstruction in Oral Cavity Malignancies
Authors: Howard Brittany E. , Nagel Thomas H. , Donald Carrlene B. , Hinni Michael L. , Hayden Richard E.
Published: February 2014

Objectives

To evaluate the oncologic safety of the submental flap regarding potential transposition of involved nodes to the reconstruction site and recognize the submental flap as an excellent option for oral cavity reconstruction.

Study Design

Case series with chart review.

Setting

Tertiary academic referral center.

Subjects and Methods

All patients undergoing reconstruction with submental flaps following the resection of primary and recurrent malignancies of the oral cavity between 2002 and 2012 were reviewed. Analysis included tumor location, staging, reconstructive details, postoperative course, and outcomes.

Results

Fifty patients were identified having undergone submental flap reconstruction of defects following resection for oral cavity malignancies. No patient had identifiable clinical or radiographic level I nodal involvement preoperatively. Patients’ ages ranged from 35 to 88 years (mean, 70 years). American Joint Committee on Cancer staging of patients included stage II (n = 16, 32%), stage III (n = 10, 20%), and stage IVa disease (n = 28, 48%). All patients underwent a level 1A and 1B dissection with removal of the nodal basin and submandibular gland. The prevalence of occult lymph node metastasis involving level 1 was 10%. On follow‐up, there were no local recurrences associated with submental flap transposition to the oral cavity. One patient with multifocal oral disease had a tongue recurrence geographically separate from the submental flap reconstruction. There was 100% flap survival.

Conclusions

The submental flap provides a rapid and reliable option for oral cavity defect reconstruction. With appropriate management of the level 1 nodal compartment, oncologic outcomes are not compromised.
Percutaneous pharmacomechanical thrombectomy for acute iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis: A suitability study
Authors: Nghiem AZ , Rudarakanchana N , Moore HM , Davies AH
Published: February 2014

Objectives

Percutaneous pharmacomechanical thrombectomy is an emerging therapy for acute deep vein thrombosis and may reduce long-term incidence of post-thrombotic syndrome. This study investigates the proportion of patients presenting with lower limb deep vein thrombosis who are potentially suitable for percutaneous pharmacomechanical thrombectomy.

Methods

A retrospective review of all duplex ultrasound scans for lower limb deep vein thrombosis over two-year period at a regional vascular unit was conducted. All acute occlusive iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis were screened for percutaneous pharmacomechanical thrombectomy suitability according to predefined criteria.

Results

There were 2513 duplex ultrasound scans for suspected lower limb deep vein thrombosis in the two-year period. There were 120 cases of acute occlusive iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis. After application of inclusion and exclusion criteria 48 out of 120 (40%) patients were identified as potential candidates for percutaneous pharmacomechanical thrombectomy.

Conclusions

This indicates that a large randomised trial of percutaneous pharmacomechanical thrombectomy is feasible given expected recruitment rates in a multicentre study.
‘The formula that killed Wall Street’: The Gaussian copula and modelling practices in investment banking
Authors: MacKenzie Donald , Spears Taylor
Published: February 2014

Drawing on documentary sources and 114 interviews with market participants, this and a companion article discuss the development and use in finance of the Gaussian copula family of models, which are employed to estimate the probability distribution of losses on a pool of loans or bonds, and which were centrally involved in the credit crisis. This article, which explores how and why the Gaussian copula family developed in the way it did, employs the concept of ‘evaluation culture’, a set of practices, preferences and beliefs concerning how to determine the economic value of financial instruments that is shared by members of multiple organizations. We identify an evaluation culture, dominant within the derivatives departments of investment banks, which we call the ‘culture of no-arbitrage modelling’, and explore its relation to the development of Gaussian copula models. The article suggests that two themes from the science and technology studies literature on models (modelling as ‘impure’ bricolage, and modelling as articulating with heterogeneous objectives and constraints) help elucidate the history of Gaussian copula models in finance.
Composite bone cements loaded with a bioactive and ferrimagnetic glass-ceramic. Part I: Morphological, mechanical and calorimetric characterization
Authors: Bruno Matteo , Miola Marta , Bretcanu Oana , Vitale-Brovarone Chiara , Gerbaldo Roberto , Laviano Francesco , Verné Enrica
Published: February 2014

Hyperthermia is a technique for destroying cancer cells which involves the exposition of body's tissue to a controlled heat, normally between 41℃ and 46℃. It has been reported that ferro- or ferrimagnetic materials can heat locally, if they are placed (after being implanted) under an alternating magnetic field, damaging only tumoral cells and not the healthy ones. The power loss produced by the magnetic materials can be dissipated in the form of heat. This phenomenon has to be regulated in order to obtain a controlled temperature inside the tissues.

The material that was produced and characterized in this work is composed of two phases: a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) matrix in which a ferrimagnetic biocompatible/bioactive glass ceramic is dispersed. This composite material is intended to be applied as bone filler for the hyperthermic treatment of bone tumors. The ferrimagnetic bioactive glass-ceramic belongs to the system SiO2–Na2O–CaO–P2O5–FeO–Fe2O3 and contains magnetite (FeO*Fe2O3) inside an amorphous bioactive residual phase. The composite material possesses structural, magnetic and bioactivity properties. The structural ones are conferred by PMMA which acts as filler for the bone defect or its damaged area. Bioactivity is conferred by the composition of the residual amorphous phase of the glass-ceramic and magnetic properties are conferred by magnetite crystals embedded in the bioactive glass-ceramic.

The characterization involved the following tests: morphological and chemical characterization (scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersion spectrometry–micro computed tomography analysis), calorimetric tests and mechanical test (compression and flexural four point test).

In vitro assessment of biological behavior will be the object of the part II of this work.
Contextual and Family Determinants of Immigrant Women’s Self-Employment
Authors: Gold Steven James
Published: February 2014

While a growing body of literature addresses the experience of migrant women’s involvement in self-employment, this work has focused on relatively few groups and has emphasized gender to the neglect of other contextual factors, such as family, class and ethnic resources, structures of opportunity and the nature of migrants’ relations with networks in countries of origin and settlement. In this article, I draw on multi-sited ethnography to explore Vietnamese, Russian-speaking Jewish, and Israeli women immigrants’ patterns of self-employment. Results suggest that contrary to being an end in itself, in most cases self-employment is simply a strategy that immigrant women engage in to obtain income while coping with an array of opportunities, impediments, and obligations framed by the structure of opportunities and disadvantages as well as transnational concerns.
Heralding the Authoritarian? Orientation Toward Authority in Early Childhood
Authors: Reifen Tagar Michal , Federico Christopher M. , Lyons Kristen E. , Ludeke Steven , Koenig Melissa A.
Published: February 2014

In the research reported here, we examined whether individual differences in authoritarianism have expressions in early childhood. We expected that young children would be more responsive to cues of deviance and status to the extent that their parents endorsed authoritarian values. Using a sample of 43 preschoolers and their parents, we found support for both expectations. Children of parents high in authoritarianism trusted adults who adhered to convention (vs. adults who did not) more than did children of parents low in authoritarianism. Furthermore, compared with children of parents low in authoritarianism, children of parents high in authoritarianism gave greater weight to a status-based “adult = reliable” heuristic in trusting an ambiguously conventional adult. Findings were consistent using two different measures of parents’ authoritarian values. These findings demonstrate that children’s trust-related behaviors vary reliably with their parents’ orientations toward authority and convention, and suggest that individual differences in authoritarianism express themselves well before early adulthood.
Contact theory and the concept of prejudice: Metaphysical and moral explorations and an epistemological question
Authors: Zuma Buhle
Published: February 2014

Gordon Allport’s Contact Hypothesis has been greatly advanced over the decades into what is now called Contact Theory. The application of the theory toward the improvement of intergroup relations has had the effect of concealing the fact that Contact Theory is fundamentally a prejudice theory and not a theory of intergroup relations. This article focuses on the concept of prejudice by following the ways in which Allport worked with the concept prior to and after the publication of The Nature of Prejudice. The focus is not on the definitional correctives of prejudice that have been offered but on the metaphysical and moral perspectives that Allport adopts in his conception of prejudice. The exploration of these issues reveals a number of challenges and implications for Contact Theory that contact researchers have yet to contend with. The paper also poses an epistemological question to the theory asking: how was prejudice selected as the source of intergroup strife? Taken together the paper calls for a re-examination of the place and role of prejudice in Contact Theory and in turn a re-evaluation of the theory itself.
The Rasch paradox, conjoint measurement, and psychometrics: Response to Humphry and Sijtsma
Authors: Michell Joel
Published: February 2014

This response to Humphry (2013) and Sijtsma (2012) is confined to three issues: the nature of the Rasch paradox, the relevance of the theory of conjoint measurement to psychometrics, and the relationship between test items on the one hand and the character of the attributes they assess on the other. First, contrary to Sijtsma’s view, it is argued that the Rasch model does involve a genuine paradox. Second, typical of psychometricians generally, both Humphry and Sijtsma misunderstand the role the theory of conjoint measurement is able to play in psychometrics. It is argued that in conjunction with item response theory models, it has a significant role. Finally, complementary to Humphry’s and Sijtsma’s insistence upon the importance of theories of the attribute, I argue that features of attribute structure can be inferred from the character of test items and briefly sketch an argument that in the first instance at least, the attributes tests assess contain a feature logically incompatible with quantitative structure.
Amitriptyline overdose in emergency department of university hospital
Authors: Paksu S , Duran L , Altuntas M , Zengin H , Salis O , Ozsevik SN , Albayrak H , Murat N , Guzel A , Paksu MS
Published: February 2014

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the patients with acute amitriptyline poisoning and investigate predictive factors for the development of life-threatening complications.

Methods:

Demographics, clinical, laboratory, and electrocardiographic (ECG) findings of 250 patients were evaluated retrospectively. Predictive parameters for the development of serious complications were studied.

Results:

Median age of patients was 14.6 years, of which, 70% of patients were female and 66% were in pediatric age group. The most common pathological clinical finding and laboratory abnormality were alteration of consciousness and hyponatremia. The rate of convulsive seizure, arrhythmia, and respiratory depression were 17 (6.8%), 16 (6.4%), and 11 (4.4%), respectively. These complications were more seen in pediatric patients than adults (15.8% and 1.2%). The incidence of hyponatremia was more in pediatric patients and severe poisoning groups (38.8 and 53.4%, respectively). The levels of amitriptyline and nortriptyline were significantly higher in the group with complications than the group without complications ( p < 0.05). All adult patients were discharged with good prognosis. In pediatric age group, one patient was discharged with severe neurological sequelae and one patient died. QRS duration >100 ms, long corrected QT duration interval, and low Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) at admission were identified as independent risk factors for the development of life-threatening complications (odds ratio: 69.4, 1.9, and 1383, respectively; p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Amitriptyline poisoning may be associated with life-threatening complications, especially in pediatric age group and in patients with hyponatremia. Low GCS, presence of hyponatremia, high serum drug levels, and pathological ECG findings on admission may be helpful in predicting the development of complications and poor prognosis.
The role of S100B protein, neuron-specific enolase, and glial fibrillary acidic protein in the evaluation of hypoxic brain injury in acute carbon monoxide poisoning
Authors: Akdemir HU , Yardan T , Kati C , Duran L , Alacam H , Yavuz Y , Okuyucu A
Published: February 2014

The main purpose of this study was to assess the role of S100B protein, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the evaluation of hypoxic brain injury in acute carbon monoxide (CO)-poisoned patients. This cross-sectional study was conducted among the patients with acute CO poisoning who referred to the emergency department in a 1-year period. Serum levels of S100B protein, NSE, and GFAP were determined on admission. A total of 55 CO-poisoned patients (mean age ± standard deviation, 45 ± 20.3 years; 60% women) were included in the study. The control group consisted of 25 healthy adults. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether they were conscious or unconscious. The serum levels of S100B, NSE, and GFAP were higher in patients than that in the control group. There was no significant difference between unconscious and conscious patients with respect to these markers. There was a statistically significant difference between the conscious and unconscious patients and the control group in terms of S100B and NSE levels. There was also a statistically significant difference between the unconscious patients and the control group in terms of GFAP levels. Increased serum S100B, NSE, and GFAP levels are associated with acute CO poisoning. These biomarkers can be useful in assessing the clinical status of patients with CO poisoning.
Alterations of mitochondria in liver but not in heart homogenates after treatment of rats with benznidazole
Authors: Rendon DA
Published: February 2014

The mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system was studied in liver and heart homogenates after treatment of rats with benznidazole. The drug was given by oral gavage to adult female Wistar rats for 9 consecutive days (100 mg benznidazole/kg body weight as a daily dose). The mitochondrial state 4 and state 3 respiration rates, respiratory control, efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation (ADP/O), and ATPsynthase activity were assayed. The results showed that according to all these parameters, the mitochondria in cardiac homogenates were not affected in the rats treated with benznidazole. By contrast, mitochondria in the liver homogenates of drug-treated rats were altered, showing decreased respiratory control and a lower coefficient of ADP/O as a result of an increase in the state 4 respiration rate. These data indicate the possibility of production of an uncoupling factor leading to increased proton leakage through the inner mitochondrial membrane as a result of a 9-day treatment of rats with benzonidazole. The obtained experimental data might at least partly explain the nature of benznidazole toxicity in the liver treated with benznidazole.
Reflexive Photography
Authors: Amerson Roxanne , Livingston Wade G.
Published: February 2014

Purpose: This qualitative descriptive study used reflexive photography to evaluate the learning process of cultural competence during an international service-learning project in Guatemala. Reflexive photography is an innovative qualitative research technique that examines participants’ interactions with their environment through their personal reflections on images that they captured during their experience. Design: A purposive sample of 10 baccalaureate nursing students traveled to Guatemala, where they conducted family and community assessments, engaged in home visits, and provided health education. Data collection involved over 100 photographs and a personal interview with each student. Findings: The themes developed from the photographs and interviews provided insight into the activities of an international experience that influence the cognitive, practical, and affective learning of cultural competence. Conclusions: Making home visits and teaching others from a different culture increased students’ transcultural self-efficacy. Implications: Reflexive photography is a more robust method of self-reflection, especially for visual learners.