bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrologic Prediction over the Conterminous United States Using the National Multi-Model Ensemble
Authors: Mo Kingtse C. , Lettenmaier Dennis P.
Published: April 2014

The authors analyzed the skill of monthly and seasonal soil moisture (SM) and runoff (RO) forecasts over the United States performed by driving the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrologic model with forcings derived from the National Multi-Model Ensemble hindcasts (NMME_VIC). The grand ensemble mean NMME_VIC forecasts were compared to ensemble streamflow prediction (ESP) forecasts derived from the VIC model forced by resampling of historical observations during the forecast period (ESP_VIC), using the same initial conditions as NMME_VIC. The forecast period is from 1982 to 2010, with the forecast initialized on 1 January, 1 April, 5 July, and 3 October. Overall, forecast skill is seasonally and regionally dependent. The authors found that 1) the skill of the grand ensemble mean NMME_VIC forecasts is comparable with that of the individual model that has the highest skill; 2) for all forecast initiation dates, the initial conditions play a dominant role in forecast skill at 1-month lead, and at longer lead times, forcings derived from NMME forecasts start to contribute to forecast skill; and 3) the initial conditions dominate contributions to skill for a dry climate regime that covers the western interior states for all seasons and the north-central part of the country for January. In this regime, the forecast skill for both methods is high even at 3-month lead. This regime has low mean precipitation and precipitation variations, and the influence of precipitation on SM and RO is weak. In contrast, a wet regime covers the region from the Gulf states to the Tennessee and Ohio Valleys for forecasts initialized in January and April, the Southwest monsoon region, the Southeast, and the East Coast in summer. In these dynamically active regions, where rainfall depends on the path of the moisture transport and atmospheric forcing, forecast skill is low. For this regime, the climate forecasts contribute to skill. Skillful precipitation forecasts after lead 1 have the potential to improve SM and RO forecast skill, but it was found that this mostly was not the case for the NMME models.
Correction of Flux Valve–Based Heading for Improvement of Aircraft Wind Observations
Authors: Jacobs Neil A. , Mulally Daniel J. , Anderson Alan K.
Published: April 2014

A method for correcting the magnetic deviation error from planes using a flux valve heading sensor is presented. This error can significantly degrade the quality of the wind data reported from certain commercial airlines. A database is constructed on a per-plane basis and compared to multiple model analyses and observations. A unique filtering method is applied using coefficients derived from this comparison. Three regional airline fleets hosting the Tropospheric Airborne Meteorological Data Reporting (TAMDAR) sensor were analyzed and binned by error statistics. The correction method is applied to the outliers with the largest deviation, and the wind observational error was reduced by 22% (2.4 kt; 1 kt = 0.51 m s−1), 50% (8.2 kt), and 68% (20.5 kt) for each group.
A Dryline in Southeast Wyoming. Part II: Airborne In Situ and Raman Lidar Observations
Authors: Bergmaier Philip T. , Geerts Bart , Wang Zhien , Liu Bo , Campbell Patrick C.
Published: April 2014

Part I of this study describes the mesoscale structure of a dryline over southeastern Wyoming. This dryline formed just east of the western rim of the high plains on 22 June 2010 and became more defined as it progressed eastward during the afternoon. Part I also describes the numerically simulated structure and evolution of this dryline and the observed initiation of deep convection in the vicinity of the dryline.

An instrumented aircraft, the University of Wyoming King Air, repeatedly flew across this dryline, mostly low enough to penetrate the moist-air wedge east of the dryline. Flight-level in situ data along these low-level penetrations indicate relatively high values of convective available potential energy (CAPE; >1500 J kg−1), yet low convective inhibition, within a few kilometers of the dryline. Water vapor transects obtained from a compact nadir-pointing Raman lidar aboard the aircraft reveal an extremely sharp humidity gradient below flight level along the dryline, coinciding with the fineline seen in operational weather radar base reflectivity imagery. They also reveal several plumes of higher specific humidity within the dry elevated mixed layer above the moist-air wedge, possibly precursors of cumulus clouds. The vertical structure of the dryline revealed by Raman lidar and the flight-level data correspond well to that in the high-resolution numerical simulation.
Geographic and Social Movement of Sex Offender Fugitives
Authors: Bierie David M. , Detar Paul J.
Published: April 2014

The Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act (AWA) established the U.S. Marshals Service (USMS) as the nation’s lead agency in the pursuit of sex offenders who violate a sex offender registry and cross state, tribal, or national borders. This study examines the flight behavior of 195 AWA violators investigated by the USMS during 2011 and focuses on the strategic choices fugitives made including the distance offenders traveled, whether they lived alone or with others at capture, and whether they were arrested in a community they were familiar with (e.g., a city they had lived in before). A number of personal, criminal, geographic, and social indicators were taken from law enforcement and public records in an effort to model patterns across these three strategic choices. The data showed that 37% of AWA violators fled to a familiar area, 65% lived with friends or family at capture, and 50% traveled more than 370 miles (with 35% residing in an adjacent state to the last known address). Analyses also showed that these three outcomes varied as a function of offender demographics, geographic history, social networks, and criminal history. Implications for policy and research are discussed.
A Community of Narratives
Authors: Laughter Judson , Han Keonghee Tao , King Donna , Madhuri Marga , Nayan Rohany , Williams Toni
Published: April 2014

The story presented here developed from a study group where we found space to explore and analyze ourselves and each other. In recounting our development from a Community of Interest to a Community of Practice (CoP), we first introduce a guiding theoretical framework building on a foundation of two concepts: CoP and transracialized selves. We then present a series of alternating methods and findings, reflecting our development through two phases. We recount the formation of our group and the decision to develop individual narratives; the findings from these methods are presented as six narratives recounting individual wrestlings with our racialized selves. We then describe our methods for analyzing these narratives as a group and conclude with the findings from that communal analysis. We close with implications for others who might find a similar process valuable.
Bootstrapped Deattenuated Correlation
Authors: Padilla Miguel A. , Veprinsky Anna
Published: April 2014

Correlation attenuation due to measurement error and a corresponding correction, the deattenuated correlation, have been known for over a century. Nevertheless, the deattenuated correlation remains underutilized. A few studies in recent years have investigated factors affecting the deattenuated correlation, and a couple of them provide alternative solutions based on the deattenuated correlation. One study proposed bootstrap confidence intervals (CIs) for the deattenuated correlation. However, CI research for the deattenuated correlation is in the beginning phases. Therefore, the bootstrapped deattenuated correlation CIs are investigated for 95% coverage through a Monte Carlo simulation that includes nonnormal distributions. Overall, both the bias-corrected and accelerated (BCa) and percentile bootstrap (PB) CIs had good performance, but the BCa CIs had slightly better coverage. In addition, with the exception of the Pareto distribution, both CIs had good coverage under all simulation conditions and across all other investigated distributions (i.e., the Normal, Uniform, Triangular, Beta, and Laplace).
Defective Wound-healing in Aging Gingival Tissue
Authors: Cáceres M. , Oyarzun A. , Smith P.C.
Published: April 2014

Aging may negatively affect gingival wound-healing. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. The present study examined the cellular responses associated with gingival wound-healing in aging. Primary cultures of human gingival fibroblasts were obtained from healthy young and aged donors for the analysis of cell proliferation, cell invasion, myofibroblastic differentiation, and collagen gel remodeling. Serum from young and old rats was used to stimulate cell migration. Gingival repair was evaluated in Sprague-Dawley rats of different ages. Data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests, with a p value of .05. Fibroblasts from aged donors showed a significant decrease in cell proliferation, migration, Rac activation, and collagen remodeling when compared with young fibroblasts. Serum from young rats induced higher cell migration when compared with serum from old rats. After TGF-beta1 stimulation, both young and old fibroblasts demonstrated increased levels of alpha-SMA. However, alpha-SMA was incorporated into actin stress fibers in young but not in old fibroblasts. After 7 days of repair, a significant delay in gingival wound-healing was observed in old rats. The present study suggests that cell migration, myofibroblastic differentiation, collagen gel remodeling, and proliferation are decreased in aged fibroblasts. In addition, altered cell migration in wound-healing may be attributable not only to cellular defects but also to changes in serum factors associated with the senescence process.
Professionally Developing as a Teacher Educator
Authors: Loughran John
Published: April 2014

There is growing interest in the professional development of teacher educators as the demands, expectations, and requirements of teacher education increasingly come under scrutiny. The manner in which teacher educators learn to traverse their world of work in the development of their knowledge, skills, and ability is important. This article outlines some of the crucial shaping factors in that development, including the transition associated with becoming a teacher educator, the nature of teacher education itself, and the importance of researching teacher education practices. Through a careful analysis of these features, a framework for better understanding what it might mean to professionally develop as a teacher educator is proposed. The framework is designed to draw serious attention to the major aspects of teaching and learning about teaching that are central to shaping scholarship in teacher education and offer insights into the ways in which teacher educators’ professional development might be better understood and interpreted.
Fresh vegetable demand behaviour in an urban food desert
Authors: Weatherspoon Dave , Oehmke James , Dembele Assa , Weatherspoon Lorraine
Published: April 2014

Food deserts are associated with lower quality diets and higher obesity rates. One hypothesis for their emergence is that retailers avoid food deserts because demand side factors such as low income limit demand for healthy foods. A competing hypothesis is that supply side factors cause prohibitively high costs of operation for grocers – leading to limited access to healthy foods and thus low expressed demand. The direction of causality has important implications for improving diets and health of food desert residents. This paper analyses Detroit food desert residents’ fresh vegetable purchasing behaviour using data from a non-profit grocer. The evidence confirms that these consumers respond to prices and income similarly to the average American, however, they face a different set of constraints. Both supply and demand side factors are at work – access problems are critical, but even with better access low incomes and other demand side issues limit vegetable consumption.
Mind-Sets of Boundaryless Careers in the Public Sector
Authors: De Caluwé Chiara , Van Dooren Wouter , Delafortry Anita , Janvier Ria
Published: April 2014

Public management reforms have promoted a new type of public career: boundaryless employees following lateral career trajectories in different organizations. The literature opposes boundaryless careers to the traditional career for life, based on vertical trajectories of promotion and tenure. The implicit image of the boundaryless careerist is one of fast-moving, intrinsically motivated professionals who self-direct their career across “old” organizational barriers. In this article, we study whether boundaryless career mind-sets are the vanguard of a more flexible and mobile workforce. We describe how many public employees experience boundaryless career mind-sets, and we analyze what drives them. Our research shows that boundaryless mind-sets are still rather exceptional. The traditional career mind-set within the organization prevails and many employees are very satisfied with it. Only public employees who are highly educated, invest in their own career and networks, and were successful in previous mobility experiences report a boundaryless career mind-set. Nevertheless, our research also points to a higher potential for boundaryless career mind-sets.
Reduced Tic Symptomatology in Tourette Syndrome After an Acute Bout of Exercise
Authors: Nixon Elena , Glazebrook Cris , Hollis Chris , Jackson Georgina M.
Published: April 2014

In light of descriptive accounts of attenuating effects of physical activity on tics, we used an experimental design to assess the impact of an acute bout of aerobic exercise on tic expression in young people ( N = 18) with Tourette Syndrome (TS). We compared video-based tic frequency estimates obtained during an exercise session with tic rates obtained during pre-exercise (baseline) and post-exercise interview-based sessions. Results showed significantly reduced tic rates during the exercise session compared with baseline, suggesting that acute exercise has an attenuating effect on tics. Tic rates also remained reduced relative to baseline during the post-exercise session, likely reflecting a sustained effect of exercise on tic reduction. Parallel to the observed tic attenuation, exercise also had a beneficial impact on self-reported anxiety and mood levels. The present findings provide novel empirical evidence for the beneficial effect of exercise on TS symptomatology bearing important research and clinical implications.
Nonclinical Safety Biomarkers of Drug-induced Vascular Injury
Authors: Mikaelian Igor , Cameron Mark , Dalmas Deidre A. , Enerson Bradley E. , Gonzalez Raymond J. , Guionaud Silvia , Hoffmann Peter K. , King Nicholas M. P. , Lawton Michael P. , Scicchitano Marshall S. , Smith Holly W. , Thomas Roberta A. , Weaver James L. , Zabka Tanja S. ,   The Vascular Injury Working Group of the Predictive Safety Consortium
Published: April 2014

Better biomarkers are needed to identify, characterize, and/or monitor drug-induced vascular injury (DIVI) in nonclinical species and patients. The Predictive Safety Testing Consortium (PSTC), a precompetitive collaboration of pharmaceutical companies and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), formed the Vascular Injury Working Group (VIWG) to develop and qualify translatable biomarkers of DIVI. The VIWG focused its research on acute DIVI because early detection for clinical and nonclinical safety monitoring is desirable. The VIWG developed a strategy based on the premise that biomarkers of DIVI in rat would be translatable to humans due to the morphologic similarity of vascular injury between species regardless of mechanism. The histomorphologic lexicon for DIVI in rat defines degenerative and adaptive findings of the vascular endothelium and smooth muscles, and characterizes inflammatory components. We describe the mechanisms of these changes and their associations with candidate biomarkers for which advanced analytical method validation was completed. Further development is recommended for circulating microRNAs, endothelial microparticles, and imaging techniques. Recommendations for sample collection and processing, analytical methods, and confirmation of target localization using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization are described. The methods described are anticipated to aid in the identification and qualification of translational biomarkers for DIVI.
Circulating miR-9* and miR-384-5p as Potential Indicators for Trimethyltin-induced Neurotoxicity
Authors: Ogata Keiko , Sumida Kayo , Miyata Kaori , Kushida Masahiko , Kuwamura Mitsuru , Yamate Jyoji
Published: April 2014

Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) show promise as biomarkers due to their tissue-specific expression and high stability. This study was conducted to investigate whether nervous system–enriched miR-9* and hippocampus-enriched miR-384-5p could be indicators of neurotoxicity in serum. Rats were given a single administration of trimethyltin (TMT) chloride at 6, 9, or 12 mg/kg by gavage, and brain and serum were collected 1, 4, and 7 days after administration. MiR-9* and miR-384-5p levels in serum and hippocampus were analyzed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and their neurotoxicity detection sensitivities were compared with nervous symptoms, auditory response, and histopathology. TMT caused tremor, hypersensitivity, and decreased auditory response at 12 mg/kg on day 1 and at 9 mg/kg on day 4. Histopathologically, neural cell death and glial reaction were observed in brain (mainly hippocampus) at 12 mg/kg on day 1, 4, and 7 and at 6 and 9 mg/kg on day 4 and 7. MiR-9* and miR-384-5p levels were elevated in serum at 9 and 12 mg/kg on days 4 and 7 (at 9 mg/kg on day 7, miR-9* only) but were not changed in hippocampus. These miRNAs were considered to be elevated with the evolution of neural cell death and were thus considered possible novel indicators of neurotoxicity.
Feasibility and effect of supplementing a modified OTAGO intervention with multisensory balance exercises in older people who fall: a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Liston Matthew B , Alushi Ledia , Bamiou Doris-Eva , Martin Finbarr C , Hopper Adrian , Pavlou Marousa
Published: April 2014

Objective:

To investigate the feasibility and comparative effect of supplementing a modified OTAGO falls rehabilitation programme with multisensory balance exercises and informed sample size calculation for a definitive trial.

Design:

Single-blinded randomized controlled trial with pre/postcomparisons using a per-protocol analysis.

Setting:

Secondary care-based falls clinic, London, UK.

Subjects:

Community-dwelling older people ( n = 21) experiencing ≥2 non-syncopal falls during previous 12 months.

Intervention:

Modified OTAGO exercise classes supplemented with supervised home-based rehabilitation consisting of multisensory balance or stretching exercises. Group classes and home sessions each occurred twice-weekly for eight weeks.

Measurements:

A computerised randomization was used for group allocation. A rater, blinded to intervention, performed the assessment including the Functional Gait Assessment (primary outcome), Physiological Profile Assessment, and questionnaires relating to symptoms, balance confidence, and psychological state (secondary outcomes).

Results:

Significant within-group improvements were noted for the Functional Gait ( p < 0.01, r = −0.63) and Physiological Profile Assessments ( p < 0.05, r = −0.63) in the OTAGO+multisensory rehabilitation group only and for balance confidence scores in the OTAGO+stretching group ( p < 0.01, r = −0.63). Between-group differences were noted for the Functional Gait ( p < 0.01, r = −0.71) and Physiological Profile ( p < 0.05, r = −0.54) assessments with the OTAGO+multisensory group showing significantly greater improvement. The drop-out rate was similar for both groups (~30%). No serious adverse events were reported.

Conclusions:

Supplementing the OTAGO programme with multisensory balance exercises is feasible in older people who fall and may have a beneficial effect on falls risk as measured using the Functional Gait and Short-form Physiological Profile Assessments. An adequately powered randomized controlled trial would require 36 participants to detect an effect size of 1.35 on the Functional Gait Assessment.
It’s not yen, euro or koala bloc: Greenback is still dominant in East Asia
Authors: Rajaguru Gulasekaran , Khalid Ahmed M , Barbera Francesco
Published: April 2014

Given the nature of East Asia’s economic structure, interregional exchange rate stability is an essential requirement for regional economic integration. One way to achieve exchange rate stability is for the region to adopt an anchor currency. However, the choice of a potential anchor is an important question for policy planners. This paper examines the role of 5 major currencies as candidates for an anchor currency in the East Asian region. In particular, the paper examines the dynamic linkages between a selected sample of East Asian currencies with each potential anchor currency, the Australian dollar, Japanese yen, euro, US dollar and Chinese renminbi. Utilizing a recently developed test procedure which distinguishes the long-run Granger non-causality from that in the short-run, this paper does not find any support to the much debated emergence of a yen bloc, euro bloc, or koala bloc. The empirical evidence brought forward in this paper suggests that the US dollar is still a dominant currency in the East Asian region.
Bone Plug Versus Suture-Only Fixation of Meniscal Grafts
Authors: Wang Hongsheng , Gee Albert O. , Hutchinson Ian D. , Stoner Kirsten , Warren Russell F. , Chen Tony O. , Maher Suzanne A.
Published: April 2014

Background:

Meniscus allograft transplantation (MAT) is primarily undertaken to relieve the symptoms associated with meniscal deficiencies. However, its ability to restore normal knee joint contact mechanics under physiological loads is still unclear.

Purpose:

To quantify the dynamic contact mechanics associated with 2 commonly used fixation techniques in MAT of the medial compartment: transosseous suture fixation via bone plugs and suture-only fixation at the horns.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Physiological loads to mimic gait were applied across 7 human cadaveric knees on a simulator. A sensor placed on the medial tibial plateau recorded dynamic contact stresses under the following conditions: (1) intact meniscus, (2) MAT using transosseous suture fixation via bone plugs at the anterior and posterior horns, (3) MAT using suture-only fixation, and (4) total medial meniscectomy. A “remove-replace” procedure was performed to place the same autograft for both MAT conditions to minimize the variability in graft size, geometry, and material property and to isolate the effects of the fixation technique. Contact stress, contact area, and weighted center of contact stress (WCoCS) were quantified on the medial plateau throughout the stance phase.

Results:

Knee joint contact mechanics were sensitive to the meniscal condition primarily during the first half of the gait cycle. After meniscectomy, the mean peak contact stress increased from 4.2 ± 1.2 MPa to 6.2 ± 1.0 MPa ( P = .04), and the mean contact area decreased from 546 ± 132 mm2 to 192 ± 122 mm2 ( P = .01) compared with the intact meniscus during early stance (14% of the gait cycle). After MAT, the mean contact stress significantly decreased with bone plug fixation (5.0 ± 0.7 MPa) but not with suture-only fixation (5.9 ± 0.7 MPa). Both fixation techniques partially restored the contact area, but bone plug fixation restored it closer to the intact condition. The location of WCoCS in the central cartilage region (not covered by the meniscus) shifted peripherally throughout the stance phase. Bone plug fixation exhibited correction to this peripheral offset, but suture-only fixation did not.

Conclusion:

Under dynamic loading, transosseous fixation at the meniscal horns provides superior load distribution at the involved knee compartment after meniscal transplantation compared with suture-only fixation. Particular attention should be directed to the ability of medial MAT to function during the early stance phase.

Clinical Relevance:

Transosseous fixation via bone plugs provides superior load distribution of a transplanted meniscal allograft compared with suture fixation alone at time zero.
Youth Early Employment and Behavior Problems
Authors: Yeung Wei-Jun Jean , Rauscher Emily
Published: April 2014

We examine the relationship between early youth employment and behavior problems and ask whether this relationship differs by race, job quality, or work intensity. Drawing on Panel Study of Income Dynamics data, we depict the employment patterns of American youth aged 12 through 18 and test conflicting hypotheses about mediating mechanisms through which youth employment shapes children’s behavior. Results show that employment is associated with fewer behavior problems but only when the jobs offer opportunities for human capital development and only when working moderate hours. We find significant differences in employment rates and job characteristics between black and white youth. High-quality employment has a stronger impact on black than on white youth, and the positive effect of work is mediated by positive peer influence. Findings support social and human capital theories and, more broadly, the social network/role model explanation for adolescent behavior.
Autism Spectrum Disorder Secondary to Enterovirus Encephalitis
Authors: Marques Filipa , Brito Maria João , Conde Marta , Pinto Mónica , Moreira Ana
Published: April 2014

Millions of children are infected by enteroviruses each year, usually exhibiting only mild symptoms. Nevertheless, these viruses are also associated with severe and life-threatening infections, such as meningitis and encephalitis. We describe a 32-month-old patient with enteroviral encephalitis confirmed by polymerase chain reaction in cerebrospinal fluid, with unfavorable clinical course with marked developmental regression, autistic features, persistent stereotypes and aphasia. She experienced slow clinical improvement, with mild residual neurologic and developmental deficits at follow-up. Viral central nervous system infections in early childhood have been associated with autism spectrum disorders but the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. This case report is significant in presenting a case of developmental regression with autistic features and loss of language improving on follow-up. To our knowledge, this is the first published report of enterovirus encephalitis leading to an autism spectrum disorder.
Parental Predictors of Children’s Animal Abuse
Authors: Knight Kelly E. , Ellis Colter , Simmons Sara B.
Published: April 2014

This study examines the intra- and intergenerational links between intimate partner violence (IPV) and animal abuse by analyzing a national, longitudinal, and multigenerational sample of 1,614 individuals collected by the National Youth Survey Family Study from 1990 to 2004. Using multilevel random-intercept regression modeling, parents’ own history of animal abuse is predictive of their later involvement in IPV perpetration and victimization, net of important controls. In turn, parents’ IPV violent perpetration (but not violent victimization) is predictive of their children’s history of animal abuse—measured 14 years later. Intergenerational continuity of animal abuse, however, is not significant. Implications of these findings are discussed, as are the study’s limitations, and future research directions.
The Three Schools of CCO Thinking
Authors: Schoeneborn Dennis , Blaschke Steffen , Cooren François , McPhee Robert D. , Seidl David , Taylor James R.
Published: April 2014

The idea of the communicative constitution of organizations (CCO) has gained considerable attention in organizational communication studies. This rather heterogeneous theoretical endeavor is driven by three main schools of thought: the Montreal School of Organizational Communication, the Four-Flows Model (based on Giddens’s Structuration Theory), and Luhmann’s Theory of Social Systems. In this article, we let proponents of all three schools directly speak to each other in form of an interactive dialogue that is structured around guiding questions addressing the epistemological, ontological, and methodological dimension of CCO as a theoretical paradigm. Based on this dialogue, we systematically compare the three schools of CCO thinking and identify common grounds as well as key differences.
Foreign Women: Ezra, Intermarriage and Asian American Women’s Identity
Authors: Ji-Sun Kim Grace
Published: April 2014

One’s ‘Asianness’ signifies to the white dominant group, that s/he is a foreigner and consequently a second-class citizen. Asian American women have been perceived to be the perpetual foreigner. The understanding of the foreigner within the book of Ezra brings to light how foreign women were treated, excluded and forced to move away. As more immigrants come into North America, we need to learn ways to welcome them fully and not as second-class citizens or the Other.
Relational Bodies: Dancing With Latina, Chicana and Latin American Bodies
Authors: Bruner Reyes Patrick
Published: April 2014

This article explores how the body is discussed in Latin American, Latina and Chicana Feminist Theology and their conversation partners in cultural, critical, feminist and ethnic studies. The article imagines this discourse as a relational dance that investigates the body as the place from which one views the world, as the locus of investigation and as the indecent body which resists all dualisms and embraces plurality. It is argued that what emerges from this embodied discourse is relationality: bodies dancing in relation.
Employer Characteristics Associated With Discrimination Charges Under the Americans With Disabilities Act
Authors: von Schrader Sarah , Nazarov Zafar E.
Published: April 2014

Using two administrative data sets from the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), this study examines the relationship between employer and environmental characteristics and Americans With Disability Act (ADA) discrimination charge rate. Results of a multiple regression analysis using a sample of mid- to large-sized private employers indicate that establishment size is negatively correlated with ADA charge rate, whereas several other employer characteristics are positively associated with charge rate, including parent organization size, federal contractor status, transportation or services industries, and relatively high minority representation. One of the main concerns of contemporary disability policy is reducing discrimination in employment, and our findings can inform employers, policymakers, and organizations working with employers to reduce perceived discrimination by identifying those employers most likely to receive charges. Further research is needed to better understand what specific behaviors, practices, and policies within these different types of establishments explain their differential charge rates.
Rates of Renal Toxicity in Cancer Patients Receiving Cisplatin With and Without Mannitol
Authors: Morgan Katherine P. , Snavely Anna C. , Wind Lucas S. , Buie Larry W. , Grilley-Olson Juneko , Walko Christine M. , Weiss Jared
Published: April 2014

Background: Cisplatin is a widely used antineoplastic. One of the major complications of cisplatin use is dose-limiting nephrotoxicity. There are many strategies to prevent this toxicity, including the use of mannitol as a nephroprotectant in combination with hydration. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the rates of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in cancer patients receiving single-agent cisplatin with and without mannitol. Methods: This single-center retrospective analysis was a quasi experiment created by the national mannitol shortage. Data were collected on adult cancer patients receiving single-agent cisplatin as an outpatient from January 2011 to September 2012. The primary outcome was acute kidney injury (AKI). Results: We evaluated 143 patients who received single-agent cisplatin; 97.2% of patients had head and neck cancer as their primary malignancy. Patients who did not receive mannitol were more likely to develop nephrotoxicity: odds ratio [OR] = 2.646 (95% CI = 1.008, 6.944; P = 0.048). Patients who received the 100 mg/m2 dosing and patients who had a history of hypertension also had a higher likelihood of developing nephrotoxicity: OR = 11.494 (95% CI = 4.149, 32.258; P < 0.0001) and OR = 3.219 (95% CI = 1.228, 8.439; P = 0.017), respectively. Conclusions: When limited quantities of mannitol are available, it should preferentially be given to patients at particularly high risk of nephrotoxicity. Our analysis suggests that those patients receiving the dosing schedule of 100 mg/m2 cisplatin every 3 weeks and those with hypertension are at the greatest risk of nephrotoxicity and would benefit from the addition of mannitol.
Expanding Supports to Improve the Lives of Families of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Russa Mary Bower , Matthews Amy L. , Owen-DeSchryver Jamie S.
Published: April 2014

Research suggests that families with children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) experience increased stress and challenges compared with families of typically developing children. We highlight the need for family-centered approaches to reduce family stress, and we elaborate on some of the most central universal needs for families with a child with ASD, such as access to quality information and services, parent skills training, coordinated services, and transitional supports. We then present promising models and strategies from the best practice literature to better address family needs, such as Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports, parent–educator partnership models, Parent to Parent (PTP), the Medical Home model, and the Family Navigator model. We conclude by providing practice recommendations and highlighting the critical need for further research.
Cerebrospinal fluid transferrin levels are reduced in patients with early multiple sclerosis
Authors: Khalil M , Riedlbauer B , Langkammer C , Enzinger C , Ropele S , Stojakovic T , Scharnagl H , Culea V , Petzold A , Teunissen CE , Archelos J-J , Fuchs S , Fazekas F
Published: April 2014

Background:

Previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have demonstrated increased iron deposition in the basal ganglia of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. However, it is not clear whether these alterations are associated with changes of iron metabolism in body fluids.

Objectives:

The purpose of this study was to investigate if iron metabolism markers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and MS patients differ from controls and how they relate to clinical and imaging parameters.

Methods:

We analysed serum ferritin, transferrin and soluble transferrin-receptor and CSF ferritin and transferrin by nephelometry in non-anaemic CIS ( n=60) or early MS ( n=14) patients and 68 controls. In CIS/MS we additionally assessed the T2 lesion load.

Results:

CSF transferrin was significantly decreased in CIS/MS compared to controls ( p<0.001), while no significant differences were seen in serum. Higher CSF transferrin levels correlated with lower physical disability scores ( r= −0.3, p<0.05). CSF transferrin levels did not correlate with other clinical data and the T2 lesion load.

Conclusion:

Our biochemical study provides evidence that altered iron homeostasis within the brain occurs in the very early phases of the disease, and suggests that the transporter protein transferrin may play a role in the increased iron deposition known to occur in the brain of MS patients.
Cognitive impairment in patients with multiple sclerosis predicts worse caregiver’s health-related quality of life
Authors: Labiano-Fontcuberta Andrés , Mitchell Alex J , Moreno-García Sara , Benito-León Julián
Published: April 2014

Background:

Little information exists about how cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients impacts on their caregivers’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Background:

The objective of this paper is to examine the extent to which cognitive impairment in MS patients contributes to caregivers’ HRQoL.

Methods:

A total of 63 MS patients, 63 caregivers and 59 matched controls were recruited. Patients and controls underwent a neuropsychological assessment, including tests of working memory, speed of information processing, executive function, and verbal fluency. HRQoL of the caregivers was assessed by CAREQOL-MS. In logistic regression models, we adjusted for the effects of confounding variables. In these models, the dependent variable was the CAREQOL-MS (higher median of CAREQOL-MS (worse HRQoL) vs. lower median of CAREQOL-MS (better HRQoL) (reference)), and the independent variable was the impairment on each neuropsychological test vs. its integrity (reference).

Results:

Cognitive impairment in MS patients was significantly associated with worse caregiver HRQoL (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 3.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07–11.55, p = 0.04). In secondary analyses in which each neuropsychological test was entered in the analyses separately, only Symbol Digit Modalities Test (a measurement of information processing speed) impairment (OR = 4.22, 95%, CI = 1.16–14.53, p = 0.03) was significantly associated with worse caregiver HRQoL.

Conclusions:

MS patients’ caregivers’ HRQoL is significantly influenced by information processing speed impairment of MS patients.
A pilot randomised controlled trial to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the Baby Triple P Positive Parenting Programme in mothers with postnatal depression
Authors: Tsivos Zoe-Lydia , Calam Rachel , Sanders Matthew R , Wittkowski Anja
Published: April 2014

Few interventions for Postnatal Depression (PND) have focused on parenting difficulties; the aim of this research was to investigate the feasibility and evaluate a parenting intervention (Baby Triple P) in women with PND. This was a pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate and determine the feasibility of the newly developed Baby Triple P compared with treatment as usual (TAU) in women with PND. In all, 27 female participants aged from 18 to 45 years (mean age = 28.4 years, standard deviation ( SD) = 6.1), with a primary diagnosis of major depression and an infant under 12 months (mean age = 6.2 months, SD = 3.2 months), were recruited from primary care trusts in Greater Manchester, United Kingdom. Participants were randomly allocated to receive either eight Baby Triple P sessions in addition to TAU or TAU only. Outcomes were assessed at post-treatment (Time 2) and 3 months post-treatment (Time 3). Self-report outcomes were as follows: Beck Depression Inventory, Oxford Happiness Inventory, What Being the Parent of a New Baby is Like, Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire and the Brief Parenting Beliefs Scale–baby version. An assessor-rated observational measure of mother–infant interaction, the CARE Index and measure of intervention acceptability were also completed. Significant improvements from Time 1 to Time 2 and Time 1 to Time 3 were observed across both groups. Although women allocated to Baby Triple P showed more favourable improvements, the between-group differences were not significant. However, the intervention was highly acceptable to women with PND. A large-scale RCT is indicated.
Self-esteem and illness self-concept in emerging adults with Type 1 diabetes: Long-term associations with problem areas in diabetes
Authors: Luyckx Koen , Rassart Jessica , Aujoulat Isabelle , Goubert Liesbet , Weets Ilse
Published: April 2014

This long-term prospective study examined whether illness self-concept (or the degree to which chronic illness becomes integrated in the self) mediated the pathway from self-esteem to problem areas in diabetes in emerging adults with Type 1 diabetes. Having a central illness self-concept (i.e. feeling overwhelmed by diabetes) was found to relate to lower self-esteem, and more treatment, food, emotional, and social support problems. Furthermore, path analyses indicated that self-esteem was negatively related to both levels and relative changes in these problem areas in diabetes over a period of 5 years. Illness self-concept fully mediated these associations.
Seeing things: Violence, voyeurism and the camera
Authors: Carrabine Eamonn
Published: April 2014

In increasingly mediatized cultures it is essential that criminologists develop more sophisticated understandings of the power of images and this article offers such an approach. It begins by setting out some of the relationships between photography and criminology as they have evolved over time to enable a richer understanding of how the modern criminal subject is constructed and how archival practices have a significant bearing on how meanings are organized. The second section develops these arguments by focusing on the controversies generated by four images that are among the most astonishing documents to have survived Auschwitz, providing visual evidence of the ‘crime of crimes’. In the final section the distinctive problems posed whenever images of horrific events are re-presented in artistic contexts are confronted in an effort to build a more critically engaged visual criminology.
Damage Control Resuscitation In Trauma
Authors: Kaafarani H.M. A. , Velmahos G. C.
Published: April 2014

Introduction:

Most preventable trauma deaths are due to uncontrolled hemorrhage.

Methods:

In this article, we briefly describe the pathophysiology of the classical triad of death in trauma, namely, acidosis, hypothermia, and coagulopathy, and then suggest damage control resuscitation strategies to prevent and/or mitigate the effects of each in the bleeding patient.

Results:

Damage control resuscitation strategies include body rewarming, restrictive fluid administration, permissive hypotension, balanced blood product administration, and the implementation of massive transfusion protocols.

Conclusion:

Resuscitating and correcting the coagulopathy of the exsanguinating trauma patient is essential to improve chances of survival.
Opening up the black boxes: Media archaeology, ‘anarchaeology’ and media materiality
Authors: Goddard Michael
Published: April 2014

This article examines the emergent field of media archaeology as offering a materialist approach to new media and specifically the Internet, constituting a ‘travelling discipline’ or ‘indiscipline’ rather than a new disciplinary paradigm. Following the lead of Siegfried Zielinski, it provides less an archaeology than an ‘anarchaeology’ of media archaeology, understanding this term in political as well as methodological terms. To do so, it charts a trajectory through some of the sources of media archaeology and its key theoretical articulations in the work of Zielinski and Friedrich Kittler up to its more recent articulations in the work of Jussi Parikka and Wolfgang Ernst. It uses this theoretical trajectory to illuminate some of the key problematics of media archaeology, in terms of both its practical application as a form of ‘theoretical circuit breaking’ and its most imaginative speculations as not only a material but even a geological approach to media as evident in Parikka’s most recent work, by way of such phenomena as the ‘vernacular Web’ and the problematics of e-waste. Throughout, it pays close attention to the value of media archaeology as a set of methods for new media research in relation to more established methodologies in media studies ranging from medium histories to cultural studies. In particular, it argues for articulating media archaeological approaches with media ecological ones, in order to bring out more clearly both the political stakes of the field and its potential contribution to studies of digital media.
The Watchdog Joins the Fray
Authors: Erickson Emily
Published: April 2014

In the late 1990s, journalists discovered an effective vehicle to highlight systemic failures of government transparency: Statewide records audits. However, these projects functioned as more than stand-alone investigative reports. Using research on investigative journalism and interest-group theory as a backdrop, this monograph considers journalists and press groups that crossed into the political realm and became overt political actors in the attempt to improve access to information. It also shows how that narrative arc spans decades, with journalistic activism that runs from the post-World War II free-press crusade to the statewide records audits.
Board Chair Authentic Leadership and Nonexecutives’ Motivation and Commitment
Authors: Guerrero Sylvie , Lapalme Marie-Ève , Séguin Michel
Published: April 2014

Using data from a sample of 606 nonexecutives sitting on boards of a Canadian credit union, this study tests the relationship between chairs’ authentic leadership on boards and nonexecutives’ motivation and commitment. Hypothesis validation indicates that chairs with an authentic leadership style favor motivation and commitment through the emergence of a participative safety climate based on transparency and idea sharing. This relationship is stronger when executives perceive a high-quality relationship between the chair and the CEO. By integrating the literature on leadership with that on corporate boards, our study offers a deeper understanding of how, and under which circumstances, chairs contribute to nonexecutives’ motivation and commitment on the board.
Obstetric audit: the Bradford way
Authors: Lodge Virginia , Lomas Karen , Jaworskyj Suzanne , Thomson Heidi
Published: April 2014

Ultrasound is widely used as a screening tool in obstetrics with the aim of reducing maternal and foetal morbidity. However, to be effective it is recommended that scanning services follow standard protocols based on national guidelines and that scanning practice is audited to ensure consistency. Bradford has a multi-ethnic population with one of the highest rates of birth defects in the UK and it requires an effective foetal anomaly screening service. We implemented a rolling programme of audits of dating scans, foetal anomaly scans and growth scans carried out by sonographers in Bradford. All three categories of scan were audited using measurable parameters based on national guidelines. Following feedback and re-training to address issues identified, re-audits of dating and foetal anomaly scans were carried out. In both cases, sonographers being re-audited had a marked improvement in their practice. Analysis of foetal abnormality detection rates showed that as a department, we were reaching the nationally agreed detection rates for the Fetal Anomaly Screening Programme auditable conditions. Audit has been shown to be a useful and essential process in achieving consistent scanning practices and high quality images and measurements.