bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contributions to Parenting Under Stress for Women Who Have Experienced Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Grogan-Kaylor Andrew C. , Stein Sara , Galano Maria , Graham-Bermann Sandra A.
Published: May 2019

One in four women experience intimate partner violence (IPV) in their lifetime. Most of these women are mothers, raising young children, and parenting them under stressful conditions. This study examined a variety of parenting practices, and evaluated the contribution of child and mother demographic variables, the level of violence experienced by the mother, as well as mothers' mental health, to the parenting practices of 172 women exposed to IPV from diverse ethno-racial groups. Results indicate socioeconomic variables make little contribution to variance in parenting practices, be they positive or negative. Yet younger child age, maternal depression, and traumatic stress contribute to variation in negative parenting in families with IPV. Implications for future study and clinical work are discussed.
An Empirical Test of Johnson's Typology of Intimate Partner Violence in Two Samples of Men
Authors: Hines Denise A. , Douglas Emily M.
Published: May 2019

Johnson's typology of intimate partner violence (IPV) postulates four types: intimate terrorism (IT), situational couple violence (SCV), violent resistance (VR), and mutual violent control (MVC). Johnson asserts that IT (i.e., severe violence is part of the perpetrator's use of coercive control and power) is primarily perpetrated by men and can be solely explained by patriarchal theory and MVC is rare. These assertions are based on results from samples that included data only on women and victimization. This study tests Johnson's typology using a population-based sample of men and a sample of male IPV victims. Results showed that women were the primary perpetrators of IT, while men primarily used VR. SCV was more common in the population-based sample than in the male victims sample. MVC was just as common as IT in the population-based sample, while IT was more common than MVC in the male victims sample. We compare our results with Johnson's and discuss issues of sampling biases and the need for more complex underlying theories.
What Services Exist for LGBTQ Perpetrators of Intimate Partner Violence in Batterer Intervention Programs Across North America? A Qualitative Study
Authors: Cannon Clare E. B.
Published: May 2019

Objective

The purpose of this study was to determine available services for LGBTQ clients in domestic violence batterer intervention programs across North America and to ascertain which theoretical models informed these services.

Method

Data collected from the North American Survey of DomesticViolence Intervention Programs were analyzed using deductive and inductive coding. Using guidelines established by the American Association for Public Opinion Research, the response rate for mailings was 20% and for e-mails was 45%.

Results

Respondents indicated a range of approaches to LGBTQ clients from doing nothing specific to serving LGBTQ clients with one-on-one sessions.

Conclusions

Recommendations include more LGBTQ facilitators, developing curricula that addresses homophobia, issues related to family of origin, and foster methods of outreach to the LGBTQ community to make those affected aware of treatment possibilities. Moreover, evidence suggests a disconnect between practitioners and researchers when it comes to defining and treating the problem of intimate partner violence in LGBTQ relationships.

Implications

Practitioners should not only undergo cultural training and provide LGBTQ-specific curricula, but also engage how and why such social inequality exists and persists. Further implications for policy and treatment are discussed.
Tecnicidade, teoria da informação e tradição no movimento zapatista de libertação nacional: das potências de um novo mundo (informacional) possível
Authors: Amorim Bianca Rihan , Saldanha Gustavo Silva
Published: May 2019

A partir de uma reflexão teórica com um aporte empírico de compreensão do mundo social, o trabalho procura colocar em jogo as questões que norteiam os polos da tecnofobia à tecnofilia, ou à pan-técnica, na contemporaneidade. Partindo centralmente da filosofia de Simondon, o eixo teórico visa a compreender uma noção de técnica orientada pela primazia dos encontros e para a infinidade da diversidade nos eventos de dentro e fora, que aparecem e desaparecem sucessiva e simultaneamente no plano informacional. Uma teoria simondoniana “da informação” nos abre as margens de composições capazes de produzir quaisquer configurações para os devires - potência geradora da vida, ou seja, a tessitura entre proximidades e afastamentos, matéria e energia que constantemente atravessam-se e atualizam-se nos esteios da individuação de humanos e não humanos. O eixo empírico encontra na experiência zapatista, ou seja, na produção de uma guerrilha autonômica, uma relação original e aberta, como a visão simondoniana da técnica, que não mantém o passado pré-capitalista nem as estruturas pré-modernas de forma intocável. Trata-se de reconhecer a tecnomagia como possibilidade de investigação no âmbito da interpenetração entre tecnologia e cosmovisões, um movimento teórico-social de uma comunidade em sua luta contra a dominação e contra a opressão institucionalizada.
Comunidades de prática: aprendizado e compartilhamento de conhecimento entre trabalhadores nas organizações
Authors: Sousa Clarice Francisco de , Souza Elisabete Gonçalves de
Published: May 2019

Analisa em que medida a participação em uma comunidade de prática, estratégia de gestão do conhecimento comumente usada em organizações, pode apoiar o processo de aprendizagem de trabalhadores. Realiza discussão sobre o processo de reestruturação produtiva e seus impactos nas políticas e diretrizes educacionais, o que vem provocando o desenvolvimento de novos modelos de educação e estratégias de capacitação dos trabalhadores em ambientes empresariais. Apresenta conceitos e pilares da gestão do conhecimento, abordando os processos de conversão adotados para transformar conhecimentos individuais em coletivos. Discute, a partir de uma abordagem crítica, conceitos e principais processos de uma comunidade de prática. Busca mapear ações que, em uma perspectiva contra-hegemônica, gerem contrapartidas para o trabalhador que participa desses ambientes de aprendizagem coletiva. Tem como campo empírico uma comunidade de prática do setor de óleo, gás natural e energia, onde, por meio da aplicação de questionários e entrevistas direcionadas aos trabalhadores, procurou-se averiguar quais são os benefícios e vantagens que esses membros adquirem ao participarem de uma comunidade de prática. Conclui que, embora uma comunidade de prática seja desenhada prioritariamente para responder necessidades da organização e proporcionar melhoria e inovação em processos de trabalho, ao se aproximar desse tipo de iniciativa, o trabalhador tem acesso a conhecimentos que não seriam obtidos de outro modo. Conhecimentos esses que, de acordo com a visão dos próprios trabalhadores, podem ser aplicados em outros contextos, gerando novas oportunidades de trabalho, no mesmo setor ou em outras organizações do mesmo ramo de atividade.
O conceito de informação imagética na Ciência da Informação: aproximações teórico-conceituais
Authors: De Araujo Santos Ana Claudia , Carvalho Alves Edvaldo , Cruz de Oliveira Henry Pôncio
Published: May 2019

As concepções acerca da informação passaram por mudanças ao longo dos anos de estudos que foram desenvolvidos para sua organização, uso e disponibilização. A partir desta asseveração, considera-se que esse processo de transformação foi fundamentado em ideias e pensamentos que perpassaram, fundamentalmente, os conceitos de documento e objeto de estudo da Ciência da Informação, a informação. Correntes teóricas e paradigmas foram construídos e reformulados, sobretudo, ao voltar-se para os documentos imagéticos. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo busca, a partir de uma pesquisa exploratória na Base de Dados de Periódicos em Ciência da Informação, apreender como vem sendo utilizado, no campo da Ciência da Informação, no Brasil, o conceito de informação imagética. Assim, assevera-se que essa ciência é construída por uma linguagem interna composta por seus códigos, métodos e técnicas, e percebe-se, com este estudo, que não há uma precisão conceitual para o entendimento de informação imagética na Ciência da Informação, pois não se constataram clareza e objetividade conceituais dessa terminologia. Ademais, sobreleva-se a necessidade e importância de se ampliar o escopo dessa pesquisa para estudos futuros a partir de análises dos anais de eventos científicos na área da Ciência da Informação e das bases de dados de teses e dissertações que não foram aqui contemplados.
Tendências nos estudos de Representação Temática da Informação: uma revisão integrativa dos artigos científicos indexados na Brapci
Authors: Rabelo Camila Regina de Oliveira , Pinto Virginia Bentes
Published: May 2019

Esta pesquisa apresenta os resultados da investigação cujo objetivo básico é verificar, por meio da Revisão Bibliográfica Integrativa, as tendências dos assuntos relativos aos estudos e às pesquisas que contemplam a representação temática nos artigos científicos indexados na Base de Dados Referenciais de Artigos de Periódicos em Ciência da Informação. Entendemos a representação temática ou indexação como um esquema complexo de ações que visa identificar os assuntos principais de um documento objetivando oferecer “pistas” para a recuperação de informação. É uma pesquisa pautada na RBI, metodologia que permite sintetizar os conteúdos encontrados na literatura científica para evidenciar a manifestação de um determinado assunto e auxiliar em pesquisas posteriores. O lócus do estudo empírico foi a base de dados, tendo como recorte o período de 2012 a 2017. Os resultados evidenciam um total de 25 artigos concernentes à Representação Temática da Informação, sendo que as tendências das pesquisas contemplam: Arquivologia, indexação de documentos jurídicos, linguagens documentárias, estudos semânticos, mapas conceituais, indexação de imagens, bibliotecas universitárias, bibliotecas digitais/repositórios digitais, indexação de textos de literatura e ensino da representação temática a distância. Concluímos que as tendências dos estudos e das pesquisas sobre a Representação Temática da Informação contemplam uma diversidade de aplicações, tendo como função maior o acesso aos documentos e sua recuperação.
Pendidikan dan Realitas Sosial (Analisis Struktur Konflik)
Authors: Zakaria Muh.
Published: May 2019

Tulisan ini membahas tentang realitas pendidikan ditengah sosial masyarakat dengan memfokuskan pada dualisme pendidikan, dimana yang menjadi masalah utama adalah dilihat dai segi kebijakan dan sistem pendidikan dibawah payung Kemendikbud dan Kemenag. Terlihat jelas perkembangan pendidikan di kementerian tesebut sangat jauh berbeda, sehingga lulusannya di persiapkan dengan orientasi yang berbeda pula. Misalkan saja dalam hal kurikulum mata pelajaran umum dan agama, keduanya memiliki porsi masing-masing (baca lembaga pendidikan umum dan lembaga pendidikan agama) misalkan pendidikan umum berorientasi sebagai pemenuhan kerja dan penguasaan teknologi untuk menghasilkan uang, sedangkan pendidikan agama berorientasi pada pembentuk akhlak, moral. Dalam realitas sosial tulisan ini juga mencoba memetakan dampak terhadap dualisme pendidikan tesebut, diantaranya pendidikan terkesan dipaksaakan baik dari segi pengembangan kurikulum, pendidikan semakin mahal, pemerosotan terhadap nilai-nilai agama, budaya dan sosial. sehingga pendidikan yang dicita-citakan sebagai agen of change hanya sebagai simbol dan slogan saja.
Dealing with Unexpected Circumstances: Judicial Modification of Contract under Indonesian and Dutch Law
Authors: Adiyanto Taufiq
Published: May 2019

After the conclusion of a contract, uncontrolled situations of the parties may lead to non-performance of the contract not only in the form of impossibility but also through excessive onerousness. This paper is seeking to compare regulations and cases concerning change of circumstances of the contract under the Indonesian and Dutch legal systems. The aim is to compare a legal remedy when the contract is imbalance and puts other party in burdensome condition to perform. Indonesian law still uses the all-or-nothing approach of termination and rejects the concept of subjective (relative) force majeure to modify a binding contract, although in some cases Indonesian Supreme Court has modified some contracts on the basis good faith principle. Dutch law, on the other hand, has an explicit provision for adjustment of contract on the basis unforeseen circumstances in Article 6:258 DCC. This jurisdiction accepts that unforeseen circumstances can be justified as a basis for adaptation of the contract.
High Reliability Protector-Less Artificial Lift Technology for Electrical Submersible Pumps/Compressors
Authors: Chen Kuo-Chiang , Kulkarni Pandurang , McMullen Patrick , Biddick David , Nader Lukasz , Sellers Chris
Published: May 2019

The Electric Submersible Pumps (ESP) is an efficient artificial lift method for lifting liquids from wells. The topology of the typical ESP with a pump, protector, and a motor has been fixed for many decades. The protector plays a critical role in the ESP to ensure that the electrical motor can function in the downhole environment. However, the protector's failure-prone components limit the ESP's reliability. To take the reliability of the ESP to the next level, the best approach is to eliminate the protector and thus all the associated failure modes.

The new topology of the protector-less technology for downhole rotary machinery is enabled by several magnetic technology building blocks. To eliminate the protector from an artificial lift device, the motor section is completely hermetically sealed from the downhole fluids by an isolation can. A set of magnetic couplings transmits torque from the motor to the hydraulic section via magnetic forces through the isolation can to replace the solid shaft between the motor and pump in the case of the ESP. When there is no solid shaft to transmit torque, thus no shaft seal required to prevent downhole fluids from leaking into the motor, there is no need for a protector. The thrust and radial loads from the hydraulic section are supported by magnetic bearings, which completely levitate the shafts and prevent any physical contacts between the rotating and stationary parts.

The architecture and its associated magnetic building blocks of protector-less technology are engineered into the subsurface compressor to ensure its reliability at high speed. The subsurface compressor provides both suction effects to lower intake pressure near producing zones and boosting effects to increase discharge pressure downstream of the compressor. With the lower downhole pressures and higher wellhead pressures generated by the subsurface compressor in a gas well, the gas production and recoverable reserve will increase due to higher drawdown and lower abandonment pressures. In the meantime, more liquids will be carried uphole due to higher gas velocity in the wellbore, lower intake pressure, and higher discharge temperature. The gas production in the proof-of-concept field trials of a subsurface compressor increased by 12 to 58%.

The implementations of the protector-less technology and its associated magnetic technology building blocks into the subsurface compressor are discussed in detail. The successful implementation of the protector-less technology into subsurface compressor demonstrates the ease of applying protector-less technology to the ESP. With the advantages of reliability and the ease of implementation to ESPs, protector-less technology provides a solution to ESPs when their applications require high reliability.
Systematic Selection of Drill-In and Completion Fluids for Development of the Dvalin HT Gas Field
Authors: Czuprat Oliver , Dahle Bjørn Olav , Dehmel Ulf , Ritschel Robert , Storhaug Jens , Adrian Thomas , Patey Ian
Published: May 2019

For the development of the HPHT gas field Dvalin a completion scheme using standalone screens is planned. To secure maximum clean-up and productivity, even after long term suspension, comprehensive lab testing of specific properties from drilling and completion fluids at downhole conditions, e.g. optimum bridging, minimizing formation damage, thermal stability and mobility was carried out. Furthermore, compatibility with production screens and formation fluids were verified. Drill-in fluid systems were advertised by different vendors to be compatible under the given initial reservoir conditions. For the sake of efficiency, the systematic test program consisted of a sequence of four test phases, where only successful fluids went to the next phase. The most important parameters of the test program were long-term high temperature stability and related sand screen compatibility, a detailed rheology characterization as well as complementary formation damage and return permeability tests. Finally, the additive concentrations of the awarded fluid system were systematically optimized to yield the least completion- and formation damage and highest return permeability.
A Data Driven Management Strategy to Reduce the Environmental Impact of Upstream Production Plants
Authors: Cadei Luca , Loffreno Danilo , Camarda Giuseppe , Montini Marco , Rossi Gianmarco , Fier Piero , Lupica Davide , Corneo Andrea , Lancia Lorenzo , Milana Diletta , Carrettoni Marco , Purlalli Elisabetta , Carduccu Francesco , Sophia Gustavo
Published: May 2019

This paper highlights results of a first campaign of tests of an innovative tool to predict the short term trend of the energy efficiency index and the optimal management of an Oil&Gas production plant. The developed tool represents a step towards the Digital Transformation of the production plants by the integration of Big Data Analytics and Machine Learning methodologies with experts’ domain knowledge.

The predictive model has two main features: produces a forecast of the energy efficiency index 3 hours into the future and supports the site engineers to take optimal management choices by highlighting the energy performances of the most energy-intensive equipment of the plant. The operator can use this information to act on the plant and reduce the overall energy consumption.

The energy efficiency index is described by the Stationary Combustion CO2 Emission KPI [tCO2/kboe] that relates the consumed energy and the associated CO2 emission with the total production. A Gradient Boosting regression model is implemented and fed with a mix of autoregressive and exogenous real-time parameters.

The paper shows the results obtained through a series of actions taken by production engineer, using the model's outputs on a real operating oilfield. The methodology entails a real-time run of the model to analyze the Stationary Combustion CO2 Emission Index trend, identifying a subset of equipment with abnormal/atypical consumption. This activity is followed by a monitoring phase, where such subset of equipment is further analyzed in terms of energy consumption and main process parameter. The purpose of this phase is to identify a relevant set of actions. The final step requires interaction with the control room to act on the equipment operative parameters. Preliminary tests show the daily average CO2 emission from stationary combustion were reduced by 0,9%, with a peak reduction of 1,35%.

The main advantages experimented by the first implementation tests are related to the significant reduction of CO2 emissions while granting the highest level of production, allowing a step towards the field carbon neutrality target.
AICD Implementation on Oseberg H Vestflanken 2
Authors: Lien Andreas , Midttveit Øyvind , Johnsen Gyllensten Atle , Halvorsen Martin
Published: May 2019

Vestflanken 2 (VF2) is an ongoing field development project in the Oseberg area. The development concept chosen includes an unmanned wellhead platform (Oseberg H) with seven gas lifted production wells, two gas injection wells in addition to two sub-sea production wells using existing infrastructure. Four of the production wells will be multi-laterals completed with autonomous inflow control devices (AICDs). AICDs in VF2 wells have two main objectives: Accelerate oil production by delaying gas breakthroughChoke back gas after gas breakthrough

AICDs have been successfully implemented at the Troll field, and further implementation on other fields are pursued. There are differences between fields and careful considerations must be taken when implementing the technology on a new field development like VF2. It is essential to select a type and size of the AICD that fit the application. This paper discusses the process of selecting the AICD flow capacity. The lower completion design was based on experiences and results from inflow simulations. However, the design for future wells will be made based on production experience from the first VF2 wells in production.

This paper also discusses the clean-up and start-up of the first VF2 well and presentation of results. The well is well instrumented with downhole P/T gauge and multi phase flow meter on well head. This is the operators first AICD well equipped with multi phase meter which makes it a very good candidate for evaluating flow performance and AICD efficiency. The well was started October 2018. Step-rate tests were performed on both branches and on the comingled MLT production. This allowed to compare measured data from the multi-phase meter to results obtained by the simulation model. The simulation results matched the measured data to a varying degree with different model assumptions. The initial well performance data and simulation model will be valuable tools when evaluating AICD design for future wells.
Innovative and Established LCM Cementing Solutions Combined to Create Novel LCM Cementing Fluid Train
Authors: Olsen Maximillian , Lende Gunnar , Rehman Khahlil , Haugum Per , Mo Jakob , Smaaskjar Geir , Næss Randi
Published: May 2019

Losses to the formation when drilling can lead to non-productive time (NPT), altering the wellbore construction due to unplanned casing points, and well control incidents due to the loss of overbalance pressure. The karstified and fractured carbonate reservoir formations sometimes encountered in the Barents Sea represent a high lost circulation risk. The large vugs (or caves) in these formations can be as large as 50 cm in diameter and cause severe to total losses while drilling. Dynamic loss rates are typically in the range of 30-60 m3/hr and can be greater. A unique lost circulation mitigation (LCM) solution is required for these conditions. An operator which plans to drill through this type of formation is wise to plan effective LCM solutions in order to rapidly cure any losses.

The presented method is setting a reactive cementing fluid train downhole that creates an effective blockage in the loss zone. The cementing fluid train is composed of three fluids: sodium silicate, calcium chloride, and an innovative thixotropic and low compressive strength cement slurry designed to rapidly cure loss zones. When the first two fluids come into contact, they instantly form a viscous slush-like precipitate of calcium silicate. The fluid train is designed so the ‘slush’ forms inside the loss zone and creates a base for the cement following behind, allowing the cement to set up inside the loss zone. Together these fluids create the ideal LCM solution to large vugs and cavernous zones.

The fluids are pumped through the drill string and the bottom hole assembly after it has been pulled above the loss zone. After the fluids are pumped, a short wait on cement time allows the operator to drill ahead through the cement and continue with the planned well path.

The content presents a description of the procedures and successful results from two operations performed in the Barents Sea. The operator cured the loss rate to the necessary level to continue drilling, negating the need for a sidetrack. Furthermore, multiple LCM solutions had failed prior to pumping this fluid train, proving the effectiveness of the solution.
Drilling Fluid Power-Law Viscosity Model - Impact of Model Parameters on Frictional Pressure Loss Uncertainty
Authors: Riisøen Solveig , Iversen Fionn , Brasileiro Raoni , Saasen Arild , Khalifeh Mahmoud
Published: May 2019

The estimated frictional pressure loss of fluid flow in a pipe is highly dependent on the rheological properties of the fluid. The applied curve fitting method of the viscosity curve will impact the accuracy of the modelled frictional pressure loss. This study evaluates a new approach for application of the power law model previously presented by Saasen and Ytrehus (2018), using dimensionless shear rates, allowing for simpler comparison between fluid characteristics.

The modelling approach is based on selecting an appropriate characteristic shear rate for the flow, replacing the consistency index. The curvature exponent is subsequently fitted to the shear rate region of interest. The applied test fluid is Poly-Anionic Cellulose (PAC) in aqueous solutions. Apparent viscosity measurements have been performed using a high precision rheometer (Anton Paar MCR 302) keeping the temperature constant at 20˚C.

A method for evaluating the accuracy of estimated frictional pressure loss when using the new model of Saasen and Ytrehus is presented. The uncertainty evaluation of the derived model coefficients is based on the estimated probability distribution of the apparent viscosity measurements and error in the model parameter estimation. This uncertainty is further propagated in the estimated frictional pressure loss for evaluation of total modelling accuracy. The new simplified model is more robust and reduces the need for iterative calculations. It has the advantages of simplifying digitalization of the drilling process, being easier and quicker to curve fit at the rig and making it easier to compare different fluids.

Considering the uncertainties related to the rheological properties of the fluid and the impact on the frictional pressure loss is highly applicable when evaluating non-Newtonian fluid flow in pipes. This increased understanding of the uncertainties related to the modelled frictional pressure is also essential information when automating the drilling process.
Daiobotanpito combined with antibiotic therapy for treatment of acute diverticulitis: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ogawa-Ochiai Keiko , Yoshimura Kenichi , Shirai Akiko , Sakai Seisho , Moriyama Hideki , Nakamura Keishi , Murayama Toshinori , Ishikawa Hideki
Published: May 2019

Background: Colonic diverticular disease has been increasing in prevalence due to the rapidly aging global population, but standard treatment has not changed dramatically in recent years. Daiobotanpito (DBT; Da Huang Mu Dan Tang in Chinese) has been used in medical treatment of acute abdominal abscesses, such as appendicitis or diverticulitis in traditional Japanese (Kampo) medicine for many years, based on more than 3000 years of experience. Prior to this study, a retrospective open-label trial was conducted to compare patients with acute diverticulitis who received oral DBT combined with intravenous antibiotics with those who received intravenous antibiotic alone; it showed a positive effect of DBT on acute diverticulitis. We aim to investigate whether moderate to severe acute diverticulitis shows greater improvement with intravenous antibiotics plus orally administered DBT compared with intravenous antibiotics with placebo.
Methods: This is a two-group, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center trial, which is designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DBT for moderate to severe diverticulitis patients treated with intravenous antibiotics. Eligible participants will be randomized to either a treatment group receiving a 10-day oral DBT regimen plus conventional therapy or a control group receiving a 10-day placebo regimen plus conventional therapy. The primary outcome will be the rate of fever reduction within 3 days or/and abdominal pain relief within 4 days. Secondary endpoints will include hospitalization days, changes in inflammatory response (CRP, WBC, neutrophil count), thermal type, number of days before beginning food intake, recurrence rate (observation for 1 year after registration), and adverse event expression rate. Assessments will be performed at baseline and on the day of discharge. The recurrence rate will be recorded at 1 year after registration.
Discussion: This study is expected to provide evidence to support the clinical benefits of DBT in the treatment of acute diverticulitis. It may also provide evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of DBT in the recurrence of acute diverticulitis.
Trial registration: UMIN000027381, registered on April 27th, 2017; https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-bin/ctr/ctr_view_reg.cgi?recptno=R000031377.
Clinical prognosis analysis of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in patients with heart transplantation
Authors: Liao Xiaozu , Cheng Zhou , Wang Liqiang , Li Binfei , Huang Weizhao , Ye Hongyu , Jiang Haiming , Zhao Zhanyuan , Yuan Yong
Published: May 2019

Purpose Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is the primary indication for transplanted right heart failure in transition and postoperative period for heart transplantation patients. This study explored risk factors affecting the clinical prognosis of ECMO through analyzing the clinical data of heart transplantation patients with such condition. Methods Data on 28 heart transplantation patients with ECMO obtained from January 2012 to January 2018 in the People’s Hospital of Zhongshan City were retrospectively analyzed. Results A total of 25 patients (20 male and 5 female) were included in this study. Heart transplantation among patients was performed mainly due to cardiomyopathy (77.8%). Eighteen patients survived and were discharged 18 (72%). Four patients were treated with cardiopulmonary resuscitation before ECMO, and three patients died in the hospital. No differences existed among the surviving and death group donors (N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide（NT-proBNP）, creatine kinase-muscle/brain（CK-MB）, warm ischemia time of donated heart, cold ischemia time of donated heart, total ischemia time of donated heart, and donator type). Univariate analysis showed that body mass index(BMI), length of stay in intensive care unit(ICU), and cardiopulmonary resuscitation are relevant prognosis factors in applying ECMO for patients with heart transplantation. Multi-factor logistic regression results show that cardiopulmonary resuscitation before ECMO (OR: 49.45, 95% CI[1.37, 1781.6]; P=0.033) is an independent risk factor influencing prognosis. Conclusion ECMO is an important life support method for patients with heart transplantation before and after the operation. Patients with obesity, poor preoperative cardiac function, and considerable red blood cell transfusions during surgery may influence the prognosis of patients. Extracardiac compression before ECMO of patients is an independent risk factor for their prognosis.
Effect of dexmedetomidine on prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in pediatric strabismus surgery: A randomized controlled study
Authors: li shuangshuang , Liu Tingjie , Xia Junming , Jia Jie , Li Wenxian
Published: May 2019

Background

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are common side-effects following strabismus surgery. The present study aimed to compare the effects of different doses of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on PONV incidence in pediatric patients undergoing strabismus surgery.

Methods

In this prospective randomized double-blinded study, 126 pediatric patients undergoing strabismus surgery were randomized into one of three groups: Placebo group, normal saline; DEX1 group, 0.3 ug/kg dexmedetomidine, and DEX2 group, 0.5 ug/kg dexmedetomidine. Oculocardiac reflex (OCR) events were recorded during surgery. PONV or postoperative vomiting (POV) was recorded for 24 hours in the ward. Pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium (PAED) scale and emergence agitation (EA) scale were recorded in the recovery room.

Results

Intraoperative OCR was significantly reduced in DEX2 group (41.5%) as compared to that of Placebo group (68.3%) (p=0.026). During the first 24 hours post-op, the overall incidence of PONV was significantly lower in DEX2 group (9.8%) than that of Placebo group (31.7%) (p=0.029). There was no significant difference in POV among the three groups. PAED or EA scores among the three groups were similar during recovery time.

Conclusion

Dexmedetomidine (0.5 ug/kg) reduced OCX and PONV without lengthening extubation time or recovery time in pediatric patients undergoing strabismus surgery.
rpoB, a promising marker for analyzing the diversity of bacterial communities by amplicon sequencing
Authors: OGIER Jean-Claude , Pagès Sylvie , Galan Maxime , Barret Matthieu , Gaudriault Sophie
Published: May 2019

Background
Microbiome composition is frequently studied by the amplification and high-throughput sequencing of specific molecular markers (metabarcoding). Various hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene are classically used to estimate bacterial diversity, but other universal bacterial markers with a finer taxonomic resolution could be employed. We compared specificity and sensitivity between a portion of the rpoB gene and the V3V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene.

Results
We first designed universal primers for rpoB suitable for use with Illumina sequencing-based technology and constructed a reference rpoB database of 45,000 sequences. The rpoB and V3V4 markers were amplified and sequenced from (i) a mock community of 19 bacterial strains from both Gram-negative and Gram-positive lineages; (ii) bacterial assemblages associated with entomopathogenic nematodes. In metabarcoding analyses of mock communities with two analytical pipelines (FROGS and DADA2), the estimated diversity captured with the rpoB marker resembled the expected composition of these mock communities more closely than that captured with V3V4. The rpoB marker had a higher level of taxonomic affiliation, a higher sensitivity (detection of all the species present in the mock communities), and a higher specificity (low rates of spurious OTU detection) than V3V4. We applied both primers to infective juveniles of the nematode Steinernema glaseri. Both markers showed the bacterial community associated with this nematode to be of low diversity (< 50 OTUs), but only rpoB reliably detected the symbiotic bacterium Xenorhabdus poinarii.

Conclusions
Our results confirm that different microbiota composition data may be obtained with different markers. We found that rpoB was a highly appropriate marker for assessing the taxonomic structure of mock communities and the nematode microbiota. Further studies on other ecosystems should be considered to evaluate the universal usefulness of the rpoB marker. Our data highlight two crucial elements that should be taken into account to ensure more reliable and accurate descriptions of microbial diversity in high-throughput amplicon sequencing analyses: i) the need to include mock communities as controls; ii) the advantages of using a multigenic approach including at least one housekeeping gene (rpoB is a good candidate) and one variable region of the 16S rRNA gene.
In vitro synergistic potentials of novel antibacterial combination therapies against Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Hossain Md Akil , Park Hae-Chul , Lee Kwang-jick , Park Sung-Won , Park Seung-Chun , Kang JeongWoo
Published: May 2019

Background: Bacteria have remarkable abilities to acquire resistance against antibiotics by several mechanisms. New strategies are needed to block the development of resistance and to prolong the life of traditional antibiotics. This study aimed to increase the efficacy of existing antibiotics by combining them with the opportunistic phenolic compound gallic acid (GA) and its derivatives. Fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) indexes of phenolic compound-antibiotic combinations against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were determined. Based on the FIC indexes and clinical importance, 3 combinations were selected to evaluate their effects on the virulence factors of these bacteria. The in vitro cytotoxicity of GA and hamamelitannin in the Rattus norvegicus (IEC-6) cell line were evaluated.
Results: Phenolic compounds demonstrated considerable antibacterial effects as the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of epigallocatechin, GA and hamamelitannin found against different strains were (32–1024), (128–1024) and (512–≥2048) μg/mL, respectively. The FIC indexes of the combined antibacterials against these strains were 0.281–1.016. The ultrastructural morphology and time-kill assays showed that the GA-ceftiofur combination, and hamamelitannin-erythromycin and GA-ampicillin combinations more efficiently inhibited the growth of S. Typhimurium and E. coli, respectively, compared to the individual antibiotics. Biofilm viability and the swimming and swarming motilities of S. Typhimurium in the presence of GA-ceftiofur and E. coli in the presence of the hamamelitannin-erythromycin and GA-ampicillin combinations were more competently inhibited than individual antimicrobials. The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of GA and hamamelitannin in IEC-6 cells were 564.55 μM and 988.54 μM, respectively.
Conclusions: The phenolic compounds increase the efficacy of existing antibiotics might be by disrupting virulence factors. We can conclude that these antibacterial combinations are safe and can be potential medications to treat S. Typhimurium, E. coli and S. aureus infections in animals and humans. Further study to confirm this effect in in vivo system and to determine the precise mechanism of action should be undertaken to establish these combinations as medications.
Mineral water leads to a progressive increase of the microbiota diversity
Authors: Zhou Kun , Liu Weili , Chen Zhaoli , Yang Dong , Yang Zhongwei , Feng Hua , Li Chao , Jin Min , Yin Jing , Wang Huaran , Li Junwen , Xu Qunying , Shen Zhiqiang
Published: May 2019

Background: The human gut harbors trillions of microbes, strongly bearing great importance for the health of the host. However, the effect of drinking water on gut microbiota has been poorly understood.
Results: In this study, we explored the response of BALB/c mice gut bacterial community (feces) to the different types of drinking water, including commercial bottled mineral water(MW), natural water(NW), purified water(PW) and tap water(TW). Feces were cultured with Brain Heart Infusion Broth dissolved in 4 types of drinking water. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis was performed. Our results reveal that the gut microbiota composition is different among culturing with 4 types of drinking water. As the culture time increases, the number of OTUs significantly decreased except under the aerobic condition of MW. Under the aerobic condition in the 5th day, the considerable differences of alpha diversity index are found between MW and 3 others, consistent to that there are the most unique taxa in MW group. Importantly, the LEfSe analysis discovers that the Bacteroidetes taxa dominate the differences between MW and the other water types.
Conclusion: our findings demonstrate that the mineral water can lead to a progressive increase of the microbiota diversity by providing the growth convenience to Bacteroidetes.
Management of the west-central Seto Inland Sea, Japan: factors controlling the spatiotemporal distributions of chlorophyll a concentration and Secchi depth
Authors: Wang Feng , Umehara Akira , Nakai Satoshi , Nishijima Wataru
Published: May 2019

Water quality data from 1981 to 2015 were used to elucidate the spatiotemporal distributions of chlorophyll a (Chl.a) concentration and Secchi depth in the west-central Seto Inland Sea, Japan. The results revealed that salinity and distance from the northern coastline were the main factors for predicting Chl.a concentration and Secchi depth, respectively. Significant differences in both of these were observed between subareas in spring, summer and autumn; differences were insignificant in winter. Chl.a concentrations have decreased for the past 35 years, while their extent differed in the subareas. A greater rate of decrease in Chl.a concentration was observed in the innermost Hiroshima Bay in spring, compared with other subareas, while no significant difference in different subareas was found in other seasons. Secchi depth has increased for the past 35 years, but no significant difference in its rate of increase was found among different subareas in all seasons. Total nitrogen loading better explained changes in mean Chl.a concentration than total phosphorus throughout the west-central Seto Inland Sea. Phytoplankton's contributions to light attenuation were low in the west-central Seto Inland Sea, indicating that the nutrient loading reduction programme has been of limited effectiveness in improving water clarity.
Inside the New Era in Treatment: Three Experts Analyze the Growing Spectrum of Therapy and Future Strategies
Authors: Rubin Lewis J. , Barst Robyn , Galiè Nazzareno
Published: May 2019

Three physicians addressed key concerns in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension in a discussion that ranged from special considerations in tailoring therapy to the role of new agents dramatically changing the algorithm for managing this disease.

The roundtable discussion was moderated by Lewis J. Rubin, MD, Professor of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, and included Robyn Barst, MD, Professor of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, and Nazzareno Galiè MD, Professor at the Postgraduate School of Cardiology, University of Bologna, Italy.
Screening for PAH in Scleroderma: Identifying Hallmarks of the Disease and Optimal Treatment Strategies
Authors: McLaughlin Vallerie , Seibold James R. , Badesch David B. , Steen Virginia
Published: May 2019

Vallerie McLaughlin, MD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Rush Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, conducted this roundtable discussion. The panel included James R. Seibold, MD, Professor and Director, UMDNJ Scleroderma Program. New Brunswick New Jersey; David B. Badesch, MD, Professor of Medicine and Clinical Director, Pulmonary Hypertension Center, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado; and Virginia Steen, MD, Professor of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC.
Idiopathic and Heritable Pulmonary Hypertension in Children: New Insights into Causes, Evaluation, and Treatment
Authors: Mullen Mary P.
Published: May 2019

Over the past decade, major progress has occurred in the care of children and adults with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Recent insights into molecular mechanisms implicated in the development of pulmonary vascular disease have led to revised clinical classification and diagnostic strategies.1 Data from multicenter pulmonary hypertension registries have provided increased understanding of the clinical course and natural history of many subtypes of disease.2–4 Additionally, the development of multiple therapies targeting important pathways of disease and the translation of those treatments to pediatrics have led to improved life experience and survival for many children with PAH.5
Gender, Sex Hormones, and Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Austin Eric D.
Published: May 2019

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling of the distal pulmonary vasculature, ultimately leading to destruction and loss of the smallest pulmonary arteries.1 The ensuing syndrome of PAH is clinically characterized by reduced pulmonary arterial circulatory flow, resulting in increased pulmonary vascular resistance, which ultimately results in failure of the right heart.2 In both children and adults, PAH presents as a primary disease or in association with a diverse range of diseases such as connective tissue diseases, portal hypertension, and congenital heart disease.3 Nearly all forms of World Health Organization (WHO) Group 1 PAH demonstrate a skewed gender ratio with significantly more females diagnosed with PAH than males.4–6

While the mechanistic details behind the female predominance remain unclear, this gender discrepancy may represent an opportunity for advanced biologic understanding and future therapeutic development. This article will briefly discuss the intersection of human, in vitro, and animal studies of PAH, and highlight the conflicting data that others have discussed and elegantly elaborated upon as the “estrogen paradox” in PAH.7–9
Depression: Beyond Description As an Important Comorbidity in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension—The Next Steps
Authors: McCollister Deborah H. , Weintraub Philippe , Badesch David B.
Published: May 2019

The recent identification of depression as an important comorbidity in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)12 is leading to a broad array of efforts to further refine our understanding of this disorder, enhance patient and provider education about it, and encourage prompt recognition, appropriate diagnosis, and treatment of affected individuals. We will provide an update on the nature and extent of the problem, and describe ongoing and future efforts to address this very important determinant of quality of life and possible long-term outcome in patients with PAH.
Time to Diagnosis of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Brown Lynette M. , Elliott C. Gregory
Published: May 2019

Substantial delays between the onset of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) symptoms and diagnosis of the disease continue for the majority of PAH patients. The delays persist despite a growing number of effective treatments and the knowledge that early initiation of therapy is clinically beneficial. Patients need to be encouraged not to rationalize their symptoms when they do occur but to seek medical evaluation. Physicians should be alert to the common symptoms found at PAH presentation and recognize that patients may have comorbid conditions that mask the disease. The goal of identifying patients at the earliest stages of functional impairment will not be achieved unless PAH is considered as a possible diagnosis.
Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension: When to Suspect It, When to Refer for Surgery
Authors: Kerr Kim M. , Fedullo Peter F. , Auger William R.
Published: May 2019

Chronic thromboembolic obstruction of the major pulmonary arteries is an underrecognized sequela of acute pulmonary embolism. Depending on the burden and location of thrombus, as well as on the duration of vessel obstruction, chronic thromboembolic disease may lead to pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale. Chronic thromboembolic disease affects an estimated 500 to 2500 patients each year in the United States, roughly 0.1 to 0.5 percent of patients who survive acute pulmonary embolism. Consequently, while this disease is uncommon, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is not rare, and should be considered in patients with unexplained dyspnea, as it is potentially correctible with pulmonary thromboendarterectomy.1
Chronicling the Evolution of a Journal: We Welcome New Support to Meet Growing Educational Needs of Physicians
Authors: McLaughlin Vallerie V.
Published: May 2019

“Ten years ago physicians treating pulmonary hypertension would have been amazed at today’s options for managing a disease that had a dismal prognosis. Progress has been swift, and we stand at the threshold of a new era in treatment. As our treatment options for pulmonary hypertension have expanded dramatically, so has our need for more information to keep pace with major advances.”