bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Name-informing and distancing sogenannt ‘so-called’: Name
mentioning and the lexicon-pragmatics interface
Authors: Härtl Holden
Published: March 2019

This paper aims at a unified analysis of the different interpretations which constructions involving
the German name-mentioning modifier sogenannt ‘so-called’ can adopt.
In contrast to nouns like Sepsis ‘sepsis’, a noun like Hotel ‘hotel’,
as in sogenanntes Hotel, gives rise to a “distanced” interpretation of the
construction rather than one informing about a concept’s name. After a thorough investigation of the
lexical-semantic properties, we propose the reading of the construction to emerge from an interplay
between lexical factors like the head nominal’s conventionalization, on the one hand, and pragmatic
implicatures rooted in relevance- as well as manner-based principles, on the other. From a compositional
perspective, the so in sogenannt will be reasoned to be
identical in function to quotation marks as a means to refer to a linguistic shape through demonstration.
The different interpretations of the construction will be coupled with the type of binding of the
agent-argument variable as well as the event variable of the verbal root nenn-
‘call’ of sogenannt.
Structural and conformational stability of hemocyanin from the garden snailCornu aspersum
Authors: Dolashki Aleksandar , Velkova Lyudmila , Voelter Wolfgang , Dolashka Pavlina
Published: March 2019

Various aspects of biomedical applications of molluscan hemocyanins, associated with their immunogenic properties and antitumor activity, promoted us to perform structural studies on these glycoproteins. The stability and reassociation behavior of nativeCornu aspersumhemocyanin (CaH) are studied in the presence of different concentrations of Ca2+and Mg2+ions and pH values using electron microscopy. Higher concentrations of those ions led to a more rapid reassociation of CaH, resulting in stable multidecamers with different lengths. The conformational changes of native CaH are investigated within a wide pH-temperature range by UV circular dichroism. The relatively small changes of initial [θ]λindicated that many secondary structural elements are preserved, even at high temperatures above 80°C, especially at neutral pH. The mechanism of thermal unfolding of CaH has a complicated character, and the process is irreversible. The conformational stability of the native didecameric aggregates of CaH toward various denaturants indicates that hydrophilic and polar forces stabilize the quaternary structure. For the first time, the unfolding of native CaH in water solutions in the presence of four different denaturants is investigated. The free energy of stabilization in water, ∆GDH2O, was calculated in the range of 15.48–16.95 kJ mol−1. The presented results will facilitate the further investigation of the properties and potential applications of CaH.
Effects of Short-Term In-Season Weightlifting Training on the Muscle Strength, Peak Power, Sprint Performance, and Ball-Throwing Velocity of Male Handball Players
Authors: Hermassi Souhail , Schwesig René , Aloui Gaith , Shephard Roy J. , Chelly Mohamed Souhaiel
Published: March 2019

Hermassi, S, Schwesig, R, Aloui, G, Shephard, RJ, and Chelly, MS. Effects of short-term in-season weightlifting training on the muscle strength, peak power, sprint performance, and ball-throwing velocity of male handball players. J Strength Cond Res 33(12): 3309–3321, 2019—This study analyzed the effects of in-season weightlifting training, conducted biweekly for 12 weeks. Twenty-two male handball players were divided into experimental (age: 20.3 ± 0.5 years, height: 1.85 ± 0.04 m, and body mass: 86.3 ± 9.4 kg) and control (age: 20.1 ± 0.5 years, height: 1.81 ± 0.05 m, and body mass: 83.9 ± 10.3 kg) groups, and performance was assessed before and after the intervention. Peak power was determined by a cycle ergometer force-velocity test, a vertical squat jump, and a countermovement jump. Measures of 1 repetition maximal strength included bench press, back half-squats, snatch, and clean and jerk. Handball-throwing velocity was assessed by standing, running, and jump throws. The change of direction T-half test and sprint times over 5, 15, and 30 m were recorded by paired photocells. The intraclass correlation coefficient of all parameters exceeded 0.75. Significant training effects were seen for all sprint (3/3) and throwing (3/3) measures, but only 7/14 strength parameters and 3/10 jump parameters. The largest increases of performance were for snatch (η2 = 0.627; d = 2.85) and 15-m sprinting (η2 = 0.852; d = 2.73). Countermovement jump force showed a negative response (d = −0.62). Three other parameters (V0 power for the upper and lower limbs, countermovement jump power) showed only small effect sizes (d = 0.45, d = 0.31, and d = 0.23, respectively). We conclude that 12 weeks of biweekly in-season weight training improved the peak power, maximal strength, sprinting, and throwing in handball players, but that their jump performance did not increase with this kind of intervention.
Analysis of Physiological and Kinematic Demands of Wheelchair Basketball Games—A Review
Authors: Seron Bruna Barboza , Oliveira de Carvalho Emanuel Messias , Greguol Márcia
Published: March 2019

Seron, BB, Oliveira de Carvalho, EM, and Greguol, M. Analysis of physiological and kinematic demands of wheelchair basketball games—A review.J Strength Cond Res33(5): 1453–1462, 2019—In wheelchair basketball (WB), knowledge of the specificities of the game is essential for efficient planning of training strategies for high performance. This study aimed to review the literature concerning studies that have investigated physiological and kinematic measures during WB games. The literature search took place in 4 electronic databases: Scopus, MEDLINE–PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and CINAHL. The inclusion criteria for this review were as follows: (a) articles that evaluated the behavior of physiological and kinematic variables during WB games; (b) athletes aged at least 18 years; and (c) participants with a minimum of 1 year in the modality practice. The selected studies (n= 16) were divided into 2 groups: physiological analysis (n= 11) and kinematic analysis (n= 5). In analyzing the studies, it was observed that the WB game is very demanding in relation to cardiovascular requirements (∼65% of the time is spent in zones of high heart rate [HR] intensity and 70% of Vo2peak). Edwards and Stagno methods seem to be adequate for the control of internal loads imposed on WB players, and moderate correlations were found between rating of perceived exertion measures and HR-based methods. Considering the methodological limitations, kinematic analysis in WB games is rather inconsistent (distance traveled between 2.6 and 5 km; average speed between 1.8 and 2.0 m·s−1; maximum speed = 4 m·s−1). Despite the gaps observed in this context, the execution of rotational movements seems to have great relevance for WB. We can conclude that different methods have been adequate for the internal load control in WB games. However, the results of the external demands are not enough to determine a profile nor to serve as parameters for the training prescription for athletes of the modality.
Selection of Heat Transfer Fluids for Solar Thermal Applications Using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Tools
Authors: Kumar P. Ganesh , Yuvaraj N. , Kumaresan V. , Velraj R.
Published: March 2019

This article describes how optimization studies were carried out on a selection of optimal heat transfer fluids (HTFs) for solar applications with multiresponse characteristics based on the multi-criteria decision-making methodology (MCDM) using the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity Ideal Solution approach and grey relational analysis among 16 alternatives. The processing parameters’ thermophysical properties and the environmental, safety, and economic conditions are optimized with multiresponse characteristics, including the viscosity, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, density of fluid, thermal diffusivity, ozone depletion potential, global warming potential, flammability, toxicity, and cost of the fluid. In the proposed technique, the grade ratings and weights allocated by decision-makers are averaged and normalized into a comparable scale. By comparing both these techniques, deionized water is selected as the perfect HTF to operate the solar thermal applications. Hence, both of the techniques are suitable to establish the best possible solution for the set of input parameters depending upon the required performance characteristics. This article highlights a novel vision into MCDM methods to evaluate the best HTF for the decision-makers such as solar manufactures and research and development engineers to meet the low-cost, quick, appropriate, and environmentally friendly fluid selection.
Fatigue Performance Evaluation for an Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck Based on Field Hotspot Stress Measurements
Authors: Chen Bin , Chen Zengshun , Xie Xu , Ye Xiaowei
Published: March 2019

This study has introduced a method for fatigue performance evaluation of steel orthotropic bridge decks based on filed measurements for hotspot stress. The long-term stress of the orthotropic bridge deck of Jinchang Road Canal Bridge in Hangzhou, China, was observed by sensors. The fatigue damage and fatigue reliability of the bridge deck were analyzed and evaluated according to the stress. The results show that: (a) the fatigue life of the bridge deck is larger than the design value, indicating that the design of the orthotropic bridge deck is reasonable; (b) the fatigue loads acting at three hotspots can be described by normal distribution; and (c) for the current traffic volume, the fatigue reliability index of the three hotspots is greater than two in the design period. The fatigue reliability index of the three hotspots decreases significantly with the increase of traffic flow, at which time the fatigue damage becomes considerable.
Phase Locking of Auditory-Nerve Fibers Reveals Stereotyped Distortions and an Exponential Transfer Function with a Level-Dependent Slope
Authors: Peterson Adam J. , Heil Peter
Published: March 2019

Phase locking of auditory-nerve-fiber (ANF) responses to the fine structure of acoustic stimuli is a hallmark of the auditory system's temporal precision and is important for many aspects of hearing. Period histograms from phase-locked ANF responses to low-frequency tones exhibit spike-rate and temporal asymmetries, but otherwise retain an approximately sinusoidal shape as stimulus level increases, even beyond the level at which the mean spike rate saturates. This is intriguing because apical cochlear mechanical vibrations show little compression, and mechanoelectrical transduction in the receptor cells is thought to obey a static sigmoidal nonlinearity, which might be expected to produce peak clipping at moderate and high stimulus levels. Here we analyze phase-locked responses of ANFs from cats of both sexes. We show that the lack of peak clipping is due neither to ANF refractoriness nor to spike-rate adaptation on time scales longer than the stimulus period. We demonstrate that the relationship between instantaneous pressure and instantaneous rate is well described by an exponential function whose slope decreases with increasing stimulus level. Relatively stereotyped harmonic distortions in the input to the exponential can account for the temporal asymmetry of the period histograms, including peak splitting. We show that the model accounts for published membrane-potential waveforms when assuming a power-of-three, but not a power-of-one, relationship to exocytosis. Finally, we demonstrate the relationship between the exponential transfer functions and the sigmoidal pseudotransducer functions obtained in the literature by plotting the maxima and minima of the voltage responses against the maxima and minima of the stimuli.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPhase locking of auditory-nerve-fiber responses to the temporal fine structure of acoustic stimuli is important for many aspects of hearing, but the mechanisms underlying phase locking are not fully understood. Intriguingly, period histograms retain an approximately sinusoidal shape across sound levels, even when the mean rate has saturated. We find that neither refractoriness nor spike-rate adaptation is responsible for this behavior. Instead, the peripheral auditory system operates as though it contains an exponential transfer function whose slope changes with stimulus level. The underlying mechanism is distinct from the comparatively weak cochlear mechanical compression in the cochlear apex, and likely resides in the receptor cells.
Neural Representations of Faces Are Tuned to Eye Movements
Authors: Stacchi Lisa , Ramon Meike , Lao Junpeng , Caldara Roberto
Published: March 2019

Eye movements provide a functional signature of how human vision is achieved. Many recent studies have consistently reported robust idiosyncratic visual sampling strategies during face recognition. Whether these interindividual differences are mirrored by idiosyncratic neural responses remains unknown. To this aim, we first tracked eye movements of male and female observers during face recognition. Additionally, for every observer we obtained an objective index of neural face discrimination through EEG that was recorded while they fixated different facial information. We found that foveation of facial features fixated longer during face recognition elicited stronger neural face discrimination responses across all observers. This relationship occurred independently of interindividual differences in preferential facial information sampling (e.g., eye vs mouth lookers), and started as early as the first fixation. Our data show that eye movements play a functional role during face processing by providing the neural system with the information that is diagnostic to a specific observer. The effective processing of identity involves idiosyncratic, rather than universal face representations.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWhen engaging in face recognition, observers deploy idiosyncratic fixation patterns to sample facial information. Whether these individual differences concur with idiosyncratic face-sensitive neural responses remains unclear. To address this issue, we recorded observers' fixation patterns, as well as their neural face discrimination responses elicited during fixation of 10 different locations on the face, corresponding to different types of facial information. Our data reveal a clear interplay between individuals' face-sensitive neural responses and their idiosyncratic eye-movement patterns during identity processing, which emerges as early as the first fixation. Collectively, our findings favor the existence of idiosyncratic, rather than universal face representations.
A Critical Role for Human Ventromedial Frontal Lobe in Value Comparison of Complex Objects Based on Attribute Configuration
Authors: Pelletier Gabriel , Fellows Lesley K.
Published: March 2019

In making decisions, we often choose from among options with multiple value-relevant attributes. Neuroeconomic models propose that the value associated with each attribute is integrated in a global value for each option. However, some evidence from patients with ventromedial frontal lobe (VMF) damage argues against a very general role for this region in value integration, suggesting instead that it contributes critically to a specific value inference or comparison process. Here, we tested value-based decision-making involving artificial multiattribute objects in humans with focal damage to the VMF (N= 12) compared with a healthy group matched for age and education (N= 24) and with a group with frontal lobe damage sparing the VMF (N= 12). In a “configural” condition, overall object value was predicted by the conjunction of two attributes, while in an “elemental” condition, object value could be assessed by combining the independent values of individual attributes. Patients with VMF damage were impaired in making choices when value was uniquely predicted by the configuration of attributes, but intact when choosing based on elemental attribute values. This is evidence that the VMF is critical for inferring the value of whole objects in a multiattribute choice. These findings have implications for models of value-based choice and add to emerging views of how this region may interact with medial temporal lobe systems involved in configural object processing and relational memory.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeuroeconomic models propose that the ventromedial frontal lobe (VMF) supports multiattribute decisions by integrating the values of attributes. However, researchers have been uncertain about the underlying mechanisms for this process. Patients with VMF damage made multiattribute choices under two conditions: in one, attribute values could be summed to guide choice; in the other, value was predicted by the conjunction of attributes. VMF damage impaired only the latter. This argues that the VMF is critical for inferring value from configural information to guide multiattribute object choice. This region may be key for judging the emergent “value of the forest,” rather than for integrating the individual “value of each tree.”
Homer1a Is Required for Establishment of Contralateral Bias and Maintenance of Ocular Dominance in Mouse Visual Cortex
Authors: Chokshi Varun , Druciak Brian , Worley Paul F. , Lee Hey-Kyoung
Published: March 2019

It is well established across many species that neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1) display preference for visual input from one eye or the other, which is termed ocular dominance (OD). In rodents, V1 neurons exhibit a strong bias toward the contralateral eye. Molecular mechanisms of how OD is established and later maintained by plastic changes are largely unknown. Here we report a novel role of an activity-dependent immediate early gene Homer1a (H1a) in these processes. Using both sexes of H1a knock-out (KO) mice, we found that there is basal reduction in the OD index of V1 neurons measured using intrinsic signal imaging. This was because of a reduction in the strength of inputs from the contralateral eye, which is normally dominant in mice. The abnormal basal OD index was not dependent on visual experience and is driven by postnatal expression of H1a. Despite this, H1a KOs still exhibited normal shifts in OD index following a short-term (2–3 d) monocular deprivation (MD) of the contralateral eye with lid suture. However, unlike wild-type counterparts, H1a KOs continued to shift OD index with a longer duration (5–6 d) of MD. The same phenotype was recapitulated in a mouse model that has reduced Homer1 binding to metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5). Our results suggest a novel role of H1a and its interaction with mGluR5 in strengthening contralateral eye inputs during postnatal development to establish normal contralateral bias in mouse V1 without much impact on OD shift with brief MD.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTVisual cortical neurons display varying degree of responsiveness to visual stimuli through each eye, which determines their ocular dominance (OD). Molecular mechanisms responsible for establishing normal OD are largely unknown. Development of OD has been shown to be largely independent of visual experience, but guided by molecular cues and spontaneous activity. We found that activity-dependent immediate early gene H1a is critical for establishing normal OD in V1 of mice, which show contralateral eye dominance. Despite the weaker contralateral bias, H1aKOs undergo largely normal OD plasticity. The basic phenotype of H1aKO was recapitulated by mGluR5 mutation that severely reduces H1a interaction. Our results suggest a novel role of mGluR5-H1a interaction in strengthening contralateral eye inputs to V1 during postnatal development.
PROBİYOTİK BİTTER ÇİKOLATA ÜRETİMİNDE MİKROENKAPSÜLE LACTOBACILLUS RHAMNOSUS KULLANIMI
Authors: ÜNAL TURHAN Emel , ERGİNKAYA Zerrin , SARIKODAL Ezgi , ÖZKÜTÜK Serya Tülin , KONURAY Gözde
Published: March 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı, probiyotik bitter çikolata
üretiminde mikroenkapsüle Lactobacillus rhamnosus kullanımının farklı
sıcaklıklardaki depolama süresince canlı probiyotik hücre sayısı ve duyusal
özellikler üzerindeki etkisini araştırmaktır. Çalışmada probiyotik çikolata
üretiminde kullanılan L. rhamnosus ekstrüzyon tekniği ile mikroenkapsüle
edilmiş ve probiyotik çikolatalar 2 farklı sıcaklıkta (4oC ve 25oC)
60 gün boyunca depolanmıştır. Mikroenkapsülasyon işlemi çikolatanın erime
sıcaklıklarında probiyotik kültürlere dayanım kazandırmıştır. 4oC’de
depolamanın canlı hücre sayısını koruma yönünden daha elverişli olduğu tespit
edilirken, 25oC’de depolama sonucunda çikolatalardaki probiyotik
hücre sayısında ciddi düzeyde düşüş gözlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak bitter çikolata
üretiminde mikroenkapsülasyon işlemi ve 4oC’de buzdolabı
koşullarında depolama probiyotik hücre dayanımını arttırdığı için önerilmiştir.
NETest liquid biopsy is diagnostic of small intestine and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and correlates with imaging
Authors: Malczewska Anna , Witkowska Magdalena , Makulik Karolina , Bocian Agnes , Walter Agata , Pilch-Kowalczyk Joanna , Zajęcki Wojciech , Bodei Lisa , Oberg Kjell , Kos-Kudła Beata
Published: March 2019

Introduction

Current monoanalyte biomarkers are ineffective in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs). NETest, a novel multianalyte signature, provides molecular information relevant to disease biology.

Aim(s)

Independently validate NETest to diagnose GEP-NETs and identify progression in a tertiary referral center.

Materials and methods

Cohorts are 67 pancreatic NETs (PNETs), 44 small intestine NETs (SINETs) and 63 controls. Well-differentiated (WD) PNETs,n = 62, SINETs, all (n = 44). Disease extent assessment at blood draw: anatomical (n = 110) CT (n = 106), MRI (n = 7) and/or functional68Ga-SSA-PET/CT (n = 69) or18F-FDG-PET/CT (n = 8). Image-positive disease (IPD) was defined as either CT/MRI or68Ga-SSA-PET/CT/18F-FDG-PET/CT-positive. Both CT/MRI and68Ga-SSA-PET/CT negative diagnosis in WD-NETs was considered image-negative disease (IND). NETest (normal: 20): PCR (spotted plates). Data: mean ± SD.

Results

Diagnosis

NETest was significantly increased in NETs (n = 111; 26 ± 21) vs controls (8 ± 4,p < 0.0001). Seventy-five (42 PNET, 33 SINET) were image positive. Eleven (8 PNET, 3 SINET; all WD) were IND. In IPD, NETest was significantly higher (36 ± 22) vs IND (8 ± 7,P < 0.0001). NETest accuracy, sensitivity and specificity are 97, 99 and 95%, respectively

Concordance with imaging

NETest was 92% (101/110) concordant with anatomical imaging, 94% (65/69) with68Ga-SSA-PET/CT and 96% (65/68) dual modality (CT/MRI and68Ga-SSA-PET/CT). In 70 CT/MRI positive, NETest was elevated in all (37 ± 22). In 40 CT/MRI negative, NETest was normal (11 ± 10) in 31. In 5668Ga-SSA-PET/CT positive, NETest was elevated (36 ± 22) in 55. In 1368Ga-SSA-PET/CT negative, NETest was normal (9 ± 8) in ten.

Disease status

NETest was significantly higher in progressive (61 ± 26;n = 11) vs stable disease (29 ± 14; n = 64;P < 0.0001) (RECIST 1.1).

Conclusion

NETest is an effective diagnostic for PNETs and SINETs. Elevated NETest is as effective as imaging in diagnosis and accurately identifies progression.
Split-QF System for Fine-Tuned Transgene Expression in Drosophila
Authors: Riabinina Olena , Vernon Samuel W , Dickson Barry J , Baines Richard A
Published: March 2019

The Q-system is a binary expression system that works well across species. Here, we report the development and demonstrate the applications of a split-QF system that drives strong expression in Drosophila, is repressible by QS, and is inducible by a small nontoxic molecule (quinic acid). The split-QF system is fully compatible with existing split-GAL4 and split-LexA lines, thus greatly expanding the range of possible advanced intersectional experiments and anatomical, physiological, and behavioral assays in Drosophila, and in other organisms.
Concentración y tiempo máximo de exposición de juveniles de pargo manchado Lutjanus guttatus al eugenol Syzygium aromaticum
Authors: Chacón-Guzmán Jonathan , Carvajal-Oses Milagro , Herrera-Ulloa Ángel , Pauletto Silvia
Published: March 2019

Se definieron las dosis más eficientes de aceite de eugenol Syzygium aromaticum para la sedación quirúrgica en juveniles de pargo manchado (Lutjanus guttatus) y se determinó el tiempo mínimo de exposición de no retorno, como una fuente de información para contar con un rango de tiempo seguro en la manipulación del pez durante labores de rutina. En el Laboratorio de Acuicultura y Biotecnología Marina del Parque Marino del Pacífico en el Golfo de Nicoya, se seleccionaron 76 juveniles de pargo manchado, producidos en enero del 2016, con un peso promedio 21.61± 2.0 g. Los juveniles fueron expuestos a concentraciones de eugenol 25, 100, 175 y 250 mg/L en tanques de 30 L, se vigiló los estados de inducción a la anestesia y su recuperación. Definida la dosis más eficiente, se procedió con ella a determinar el tiempo máximo de exposición; para este estudio se definieron cuatro tiempos de inducción en 4, 8, 12 y 16 min., y se establecieron 10 min., como umbral de recuperación. Se determinó que el eugenol es eficaz para la anestesia de juveniles de pargo con temperaturas entre 24.0 y 24.8°C. La concentración de 25 mg/L fue suficiente para la inducción parcial de los peces, apropiado para realizar actividades rutinarias menos complejas en el manejo de pargos, mientras que la concentración más eficiente fue de 100 mg/L, en tiempos de exposición no mayor a 8 minutos luego de la anestesia total.
Using Scratch to facilitate mathematical thinking
Authors: Calder Nigel
Published: March 2019

This article reports on a research project that examined the ways that 10-year-old students, who were using Scratch for coding, engaged with mathematical ideas. Interactive software is emerging that has cross-curricula implications and facilitates thinking in rich, problem-solving environments. Scratch, a free-to-use graphical programming environment provides opportunities for creative problem solving. When students process mathematics through digital technologies, the digital pedagogical media influences the learning process and students’ understanding emerges in distinctive ways. The children used Scratch to create mathematical digital learning objects, including games. An interpretive approach was undertaken, with the data collected over a two-week research period. The students wrote daily blogs articulating their progress and reflections. Students and the teacher were interviewed, and classroom observations (both written and photographic) were recorded. The findings suggest that mathematical thinking, including geometry and problem-solving processes, was facilitated through this process. Together, these findings indicate that teachers should not only use Scratch in primary school classroom programmes to develop coding skills but also be aware of its potential to facilitate thinking in other related areas.
Efeitos intersetoriais e transversais e seus impactos sobre a efetividade das políticas públicas nos municípios do Ceará
Authors: Nogueira Cláudio André Gondim , Forte Sérgio Henrique Arruda Cavalcante
Published: March 2019

Resumo Identificar em quais circunstâncias a intersetorialidade e a transversalidade ocorrem no âmbito das políticas públicas se mostra fundamental para aumentar sua efetividade. Assim, este estudo integrou dois arcabouços teóricos relacionados à pobreza e à atratividade, visando a captar seus efeitos. A estimação econométrica com dados para os municípios cearenses evidenciou, por exemplo, que o crescimento econômico e as políticas públicas que o estimulam, além de favorecer a redução dos níveis de pobreza, também podem aumentar a atratividade de determinado município. Por outro lado, iniciativas que estimulam a urbanização e a requalificação dos espaços aumentam sua atratividade e, ainda, favorecem a redução da pobreza. Assim, ressalta-se a necessidade de pesquisar como as características do local e de sua população podem afetar a efetividade das políticas públicas.
PERCURSO E EXPERIÊNCIA ESCOLAR DE ADOLESCENTES EM CONFLITO COM A LEI: TRAJETÓRIAS POSSÍVEIS
Authors: FRANCO MARIANA GUEDES DE OLIVEIRA , BAZON MARINA REZENDE
Published: March 2019

RESUMO: A escolarização dos Adolescentes em Conflitos com a Lei caracteriza-se, em geral, por indicadores negativos. Focalizando a experiência escolar destes adolescentes, Bazon, Silva e Ferrari relatam a existência de dois padrões de trajetórias, tendo por base dados de uma amostra de 06 jovens. Adotando este estudo como referência, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivos descrever o percurso escolar de adolescentes em conflito com a Lei e compreender sua experiência escolar. A investigação, de natureza qualitativa, baseada em uma abordagem biográfica, contou com a colaboração de 12 adolescentes. Os dados coletados através de entrevistas foram tratados por meio de análise de conteúdo temática. Os resultados indicaram duas trajetórias escolares: Trajetória I - Da boa à má experiência escolar e Trajetória II - Uma experiência escolar preponderantemente negativa, embora pontuada por vivências positivas. As trajetórias escolares encontradas assemelharam-se às descritas por Bazon, Silva e Ferrari, porém acrescentam/detalham informações.
Velocidade limite c
Authors: Chreim Jose Rodolfo , Cavasso Filho Reinaldo Luiz
Published: March 2019

Resumo Neste artigo, é proposta uma nova maneira de ensinar estudantes de graduação que a velocidade de luz c é um limite físico para corpos materiais. Dois diferentes 'gedankenexperimente', conceitualmente equivalentes, baseados em princípios de eletrodinâmica básica são propostos e discutidos, chegando à mesma conclusão de que se um corpo material ultrapassasse a velocidade da luz, fenômenos fisicamente não realísticos como a atração de partículas com o mesmo sinal ocorreriam. Um dos experimentos apresentados é de tamanha simplicidade que permite inclusive a estudantes de ensino médio e ingressantes do ensino superior entenderem o limite superior para velocidade, sem utilizar conceitos da Relatividade Especial.
As mulheres dos estatutos no Congresso Nacional Brasileiro
Authors: Potechi Bruna
Published: March 2019

Resumo: Este artigo analisa as transformações da categoria jurídica mulher a partir da apresentação de um projeto de lei (PL) em 2003 propondo um Estatuto da Mulher (PL 1399 de 2003). A análise apresentada contrasta os documentos apresentados no legislativo sobre o projeto de lei, assim como as falas proferidas em Comissão Especial criada para elaborar parecer ao projeto de lei do Estatuto da Mulher. O objetivo é demonstrar como os discursos em comissão faziam referência à mulher de uma forma materna e natural. Estas condições associadas à mulher retrocederiam os avanços jurídicos da categoria na busca pela igualdade. Assim, observamos com outro Estatuto da Mulher, apresentado em 1937, como discursos proferidos em 2004 na Câmara dos Deputados ainda mantêm mulher em uma condição de sujeito controlado pela família, anulando os avanços jurídicos observados.
Relevant parameters for characterizing mountain rivers: a review
Authors: Paixão Maurício Andrades , Kobiyama Masato
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT Mountain rivers are situated in a large portion of the terrestrial surface, especially in headwaters regions, and have been used for various purposes such as recreation, sporting activities, water resources and hydroelectric power generation. However, hydrogeomorphic characteristics of mountain rivers are not fully understood. In this context, the present paper aimed to identify relevant parameters for characterizing rivers in these environments based on bibliographical review. It was identified which parameters have been used and how they have been used to characterize mountain rivers in distinct classifications. The most cited parameters were channel gradient, relation between river width and depth, entrenchment ratio, discharge, sediment transport and grain-size distribution. Also, the current situation related to researches in fluvial geomorphology in mountain rivers in Brazil was evaluated, and the strong need of field survey as basis for the best understanding of mountain fluvial dynamics and characterization was verified.
Biomedicalización de los tiempos: terapéuticas, biosocialidades y cuidados cotidianos en familias de niños y niñas con diagnóstico de TEA en Buenos Aires
Authors: Bianchi Eugenia , Jurado Stephany Rodríguez
Published: March 2019

Resumen Se analiza la incidencia del diagnóstico de Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) sobre la percepción y organización del tiempo en la vida cotidiana, de parte de las familias, y en especial las madres de niños y niñas diagnosticados por TEA (NNDxTEA). Los resultados surgen de dos investigaciones de posgrado. La metodología es cualitativa, reconstruye las historias de vida de cuatro madres que durante 2015 acompañaron a sus NNDxTEA a un Centro Terapéutico en la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Se consideran dos líneas. Primera, la medicalización y biomedicalización como procesos de anillados concéntricos en tres niveles: macro, meso y micro, profundizando el análisis en este último. Segunda, la vinculación entre los procesos de diagnóstico y tratamiento en salud mental, y las biosocialidades. Adicionalmente se incorporan consideraciones desde la sociología del tiempo. Los resultados exponen la incidencia del diagnóstico de TEA sobre el tiempo en cuatro ejes: la transformación de las actividades cotidianas, por la asistencia a espacios terapéuticos; las expectativas respecto del tiempo libre y esparcimiento; los cambios que, de haber podido, hubieran hecho en el tiempo que los NNDxTEA llevan realizando las terapias; y las creencias y pensamientos acerca del futuro del NNDxTEA de parte de sus familiares.
Against the tide: psychodynamic approaches to agitated childhood in France, between crisis and resistance
Authors: Borelle Céline , Eideliman Jean-Sébastien , Fansten Maïa , Planche Maëlle , Turlais Amélie
Published: March 2019

Abstract Is psychoanalysis in crisis? This theme turned out to be recurrent in the comments of professionals working with a psychoanalytical orientation that we encountered during a collective survey on the trajectories of children considered as agitated in France. During this research, we conducted interviews with children and their families, with professionals working in care centres, schools and public administration; we also conducted observations and collected data in care centres. In these places, we observed a diversity of practices, but a clear majority of which claimed to be more or less strictly psychoanalytical or more broadly psychodynamic approaches. After presenting some principles that underlie the psychodynamic approach of agitation, the article discusses the crisis feeling expressed by the professionals met and the reasons that may have caused it. A detour through a reflective analysis of our investigative relationships helps to shed more light on the consequences of this climate on daily work in general and on relations with institutional partners in particular.
Rethinking medicalization: discursive positions of children and their caregivers on the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD in Chile
Authors: Reyes Pablo , Cottet Pablo , Jimenez Alvaro , Jauregui Gabriela
Published: March 2019

Abstract The debates around the diagnosis and pharmacological treatment of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have traditionally been approached from the perspective of the “medicalization processes” of children’s behaviour. However, this perspective tends to overlook the meanings of diagnosis and treatment of ADHD for children and their caregivers. The purpose of this article is to describe the discursive positions of children and their caregivers on the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD. In-depth interviews were conducted with seven Chilean children and their caregivers. The material was analysed following the procedures of the discourse structure analysis. A discursive structure was identified that configures four emerging realities: the myth of origin of the child’s behaviour and learning problems; the ambivalences in/of medicalization; the process of identity (dis)stabilization under diagnosis and treatment; and the subversion of medicalization. It is observed that the subjective experience of the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD is not homogeneous, since different discursive positions, family and institutional understandings that enter into conflict cross it. The experiences of ADHD are shaped by discursive structures that condition the meanings of this experience. The medicalization process is not univocal, but can take different forms and have consequences on children’s experiences and social trajectories.
The multiple meanings of ADHD: between deficit, disruption and hidden potential
Authors: Béliard Aude , Jiménez-Molina Álvaro , Díaz-Valdés Javiera , Goff Alice Le , Mougel Sarra , Sir Hugo
Published: March 2019

Abstract The purpose of this article is to describe the subjective experience of the diagnosis of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and the cultural meanings that shape this experience. Based on interviews and discussion groups with diagnosed people and their families in Chile and France, this article show that ADHD can acquire multiple meanings. From a thematic analysis, we identified three registers or ways of living and thinking about ADHD. In the deficit register, the disorder is experienced primarily as a failure of certain abilities. In the disruption register, the disorder is experienced as disrupting the person’s life, personality and interactions, which must then be normalized. In the register of hidden potential, on which this article focuses, ADHD is simultaneously thought of as a difficult and valuable condition, a source of exceptional capacities that are often hidden in the ordinary functioning of social life. We therefore invite reflection that identifies the factors of mobilization or non-mobilization of the hidden potential register, with particular emphasis not only on relational configurations, socio-economic variables, and the gender variable, but also on the institutional and political context of each country.
Clinical Implications of Circulating Tumor DNA Tumor Mutational Burden (ctDNA TMB) in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Chae Young Kwang , Davis Andrew A. , Agte Sarita , Pan Alan , Simon Nicholas I. , Iams Wade T. , Cruz Marcelo R. , Tamragouri Keerthi , Rhee Kyunghoon , Mohindra Nisha , Villaflor Victoria , Park Wungki , Lopes Gilberto , Giles Francis J.
Published: March 2019

Background

Tissue tumor mutational burden (TMB) has emerged as a potential biomarker predicting response to anti-programmed cell death-1 protein receptor (PD-1)/programmed cell death-1 protein ligand (PD-L1) therapy, but few studies have explored using circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) TMB in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Materials and Methods

A total of 136 patients with NSCLC with ctDNA testing were retrospectively evaluated from a single institution, along with a validation cohort from a second institution. ctDNA TMB was derived using the number of detected mutations over the DNA sequencing length.

Results

Higher ctDNA TMB was significantly correlated with smoking history (p < .05, chi-squared test). Among patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (n = 20), higher ctDNA TMB was significantly correlated with shorter progressive free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS; 45 vs. 355 days; hazard ratio [HR], 5.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3–24.6; p < .01, and OS 106 days vs. not reached; HR, 6.0; 95% CI, 1.3–27.1; p < .01, respectively). In a small independent validation cohort (n = 12), there was a nonsignificant numerical difference for higher ctDNA TMB predicting shorter OS but not PFS. ctDNA TMB was not correlated with RECIST tumor burden estimation in the subset of patients treated with immune checkpoint blockade.

Conclusion

The findings indicate that higher ctDNA TMB, at the current commercial sequencing length, reflects worse clinical outcomes.
Field-measured Poisson's ratio of geotextile-encased granular column
Authors: Hosseinpour Iman , Riccio Mario , Almeida Marcio S.S.
Published: March 2019

The performance of a geosynthetic-encased column (GEC) supporting an embankment is often analysed by measurement of the total deformations under the embankment, the hoop tensile force in the geosynthetic encasement and the vertical stresses shared between the GEC and the surrounding soft soil. Several analytical solutions are available in the literature for calculation of the stresses and deformations of a GEC under an embankment. Generally, the existing formulations use a constant value of Poisson's ratio for the granular column material in their computation. This study describes the variation of Poisson's ratio of the composite material GEC with computations based on the real-time measurement of the radial and vertical deformations of a GEC. Accordingly, specific equipment was developed to allow the determination of changes in the GEC diameter. The vertical deformation was also recorded using a settlement sensor placed on the top of the GEC. The results showed a significant variation of the field Poisson's ratio due to the increase in vertical stress caused by the embankment construction and also due to the gain in the confining stress of the surrounding soft clay due to its higher degree of consolidation.
KAMU ZARARI UYGULAMALARININ KAMU GÖREVLİLERİ ÜZERİNE YANSIMALARI
Authors: TAYTAK Mustafa , AYDIN Murat
Published: March 2019

Kamu hizmetleri
yerine getirilirken; kamu kaynaklarının yasalara uygun, verimli ve etkin
kullanılması gerekmektedir. Aksi takdirde kamu zararı ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Kamu
zararı; kamu görevlilerinin kasıt, kusur veya ihmallerinden dolayı kamu
kaynağında artışa engel olunması veya eksilmeye neden olunmasıdır. Bu kapsamda
kamu zararı, bu fiilleri yapan kamu görevlilerinden tahsil edilmekte, hesap
yargılaması noktasında idarenin kamu zararı konusunda herhangi bir sorumluluğu
bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışma, kamu görevlilerinin kamu zararı düzenlemesini
nasıl algıladıkları ve kamu zararı ile ilgili düzenlemelerin, kamu
görevlilerinin çalışma gayreti üzerinde nasıl bir etkiye sahip olduğunu ortaya
koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışmada derinlemesine görüşme tekniği
kullanılmış, Isparta, Manisa ve Uşak illerinde farklı kurumlarda çalışan kamu
görevlilerine önceden hazırlanmış sorular yöneltilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, kamu
zararı unsurları arasında yer alan kusur ve ihmallerin derecelendirilmesi gerektiği,
bunun yanında küçük ihmal ve kusurların kamu zararının unsurları arasından
çıkarılması gerektiği vurgulanmıştır. Ayrıca kamu zararı ile ilgili düzenlemelerin
kamu görevlilerinin çalışma gayretlerini de olumsuz yönde etkilediği tespit
edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda Türk mali mevzuatı içerisinde yer alan normların, kamu
zararı tanımı ve unsurları açısından tereddüde mahal vermeyecek şekilde yeniden
düzenlenmesi ve uygulamada yeknesaklığın sağlanması gerekmektedir.
Protocolo de exercícios de kegel associado à eletroestimulação no tratamento pós bartolinectomia: um estudo de caso
Authors: Cardoso Grazielly Gass , Segatto Lana Camila Lazzari , Frey Karen Inês , Schuh Claudia Maria , Sudbrack Ana Cristina
Published: March 2019

Introdução: as glândulas de Bartholin, também conhecidas como vestibulares maiores, são estruturas bilaterais, tubuloacinares, secretoras de muco, localizadas dentro da submucosa da vulva. Os cistos da glândula de Bartholin se desenvolvem por obstrução do ducto, localizados na altura ou abaixo da sínfise púbica; ocorrendo decréscimo na secreção das glândulas sudoríparas, sebáceas e atrofia das glândulas de Bartholin, propiciando a secura, estreitamento da vagina, redução de sua rugosidade e elasticidade. A menor capacidade de lubrificação frente à estimulação sexual pode causar a dispareunia, o que prejudicará o funcionamento sexual da mulher. O padrão-ouro de tratamento é a remoção cirúrgica. Contudo, este tratamento muitas vezes não é realizado porque afeta a lubrificação vaginal fisiológica e está associado a outras complicações. Objetivo: verificar os efeitos do protocolo de exercícios de Kegel associado com eletroestimulação para o fortalecimento do assoalho pélvico. Método: relato de caso de uma paciente de 37 anos, do sexo feminino, solteira, nulípara, que refere não ter vida sexual ativa. O tratamento foi composto por seis sessões, sendo uma vez por semana durante 45 minutos; baseado na realização de exercícios de Kegel, eletroestimulação com Neurodyn, através de eletrodos adesivos colocados na região paralela aos grandes lábios, com frequência de 50 Hz, sustentação de 600 μs, com intensidade conforme a tolerância da paciente. Resultados: observou-se melhora na força muscular através da avaliação funcional do assoalho pélvico (AFA) onde se obteve grau 4 de contração perineal, sem uso da musculatura acessória, e diminuição da frequência miccional. Conclusão: em poucas sessões o protocolo de exercícios de Kegel associado com a eletroestimulação melhorou a força muscular e a sensibilidade do assoalho pélvico, além de aumentar sua autoestima e qualidade de vida.
Valoración científica de la descripción de nuevas especies de plantas
Authors: Hernández-Sandoval Luis
Published: March 2019

Antecedentes: Los descubrimientos científicos tienen un impacto en la concepción del universo y la naturaleza. En diversas disciplinas científicas, los responsables de estos descubrimientos ponen a consideración de pares sus trabajos para ser revisados, publicados y posteriormente reconocidos de diferentes maneras. Uno es que sus trabajos se citen formalmente en la bibliografía, como referencia para otras propuestas en publicaciones posteriores. En botánica, el descubrimiento de nuevas especies, análogo a los hallazgos de otras disciplinas no se cita formalmente en los artículos científicos. Los autores de los descubrimientos botánicos no son considerados en las bases de datos bibliográficas, en índices, ni por la comunidad académica en general. No es de extrañar que sociedad y tomadores de decisiones tampoco consideren importante el encontrar nuevas especies de plantas.Pregunta: Los descubrimientos de nuevas especies de plantas no tienen el reconocimiento académico adecuado.Resultados. Se hace un análisis del reconocimiento a descubrimientos de algunas disciplinas científicas comparadas con la taxonomía vegetal. Se presentan propuestas para que los artículos de nuevas especies sean citados formalmente en revistas botánicas, de manera que los taxónomos sean reconocidos por la comunidad académica.Conclusiones: Los descubrimientos de especies de plantas deben tener un reconocimiento académico y social comparable con los de cualquier otro descubrimiento científico similar.
Онлайн-программа сравнительного тезаурусного анализа русских переводов произведений У. Шекспира: итоги и перспективы развития проекта
Authors: Гайдин Борис Николаевич
Published: March 2019

В статье представлены итоги двухлетней работы над проектом «Разработка и внедрение в открытом доступе онлайн-программы сравнительного тезаурусного анализа русских переводов произведений У. Шекспи­ра» (www.shakespearecorpus.ru), поддержанным грантом РФФИ (№ 17-04-12038в). На примере корпуса переводов пьесы «Троил и Крессида» У. Шекспира, выполненных Н. Х. Кетчером, А. Л. Соколовским, П. А. Каншиным, А. М. Федоровым, Л. С. Некорой, Т. Г. Гнедич и А. В. Флорей, автор демонстрирует возможности платформы и предпринимает попытку аналитического осмысления полученных данных.
«Великий белый стих» К. Марло в интерпретации Т. С. Элиота
Authors: Шипилова Наталия Витальевна
Published: March 2019

В статье рассматривается рецепция творчества К. Марло в критических работах и поэзии Т. С. Элиота («Заметки о белом стихе Кристофера Марло» и др.) Исследование таких новаторских приемов, как нарушение стихотворной строки и использование разговорной тональности, позволяет Элиоту обнаружить в драмах Марло тенденции, родственные модернистскому эксперименту. В анализе уделяется также особое внимание принципиальной синтетичности поэтического языка Марло и выразительности на грани самопародирования. Эти тенденции, в свою очередь, ощущаются Элиотом как внутренне сходные с его личным творческим поиском жизнеспособности поэтического языка, которую он полагал важнейшей задачей поэта.