bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pop-up Questions Within Educational Videos: Effects on Students’ Learning
Authors: Haagsman Marjolein E. , Scager Karin , Boonstra Johannes , Koster Margot C.
Published: August 2020

Educational videos are increasingly used to let students prepare lesson material at home prior to in-class activities in flipped classrooms. The main challenge of this teaching strategy is to stimulate students to watch these videos attentively before going to class. This paper describes the use of questions that pop-up within relatively long educational videos of 16 min on average and designed to enhance students’ engagement and understanding when preparing for in-class activities. The effects of such pop-up questions on students’ learning performance were studied within a flipped course in molecular biology. Students had access to videos with or without a variable set of pop-up questions. The experimental group with pop-up questions showed significantly higher test results compared to the group without pop-up questions. Interestingly, students that answered pop-up questions on certain concepts did not score better on items testing these specific concepts than the control group. These results suggest that merely the presence of pop-up questions enhances students’ learning. Additional data from interviews, surveys, and learning analytics suggest that pop-up questions influence viewing behavior, likely by promoting engagement. It is concluded that pop-up questions stimulate learning when studying videos outside class through an indirect testing effect.
The response of canopy height diversity to natural disturbances in two temperate forest landscapes
Authors: Senf Cornelius , Mori Akira S. , Müller Jörg , Seidl Rupert
Published: August 2020

Context

Structural diversity strongly influences habitat quality and the functioning of forest ecosystems. An important driver of the variation in forest structures are disturbances. As disturbances are increasing in many forest ecosystems around the globe, it is important to understand how structural diversity responds to (changing) disturbances.

Objectives

Our aim was to quantify the relationship between forest disturbances and structural diversity with a focus on diversity in canopy height.

Methods

We assessed diversity in canopy height for two strictly protected Central European forest landscapes using lidar data. We used a multi-scale framework to quantify within-patch (α), between-patch (β), and overall (γ) diversity. We then analysed the variation in canopy height diversity over an extensive gradient of disturbance rates.

Results

Diversity in canopy height was strongly driven by disturbance rate, with highest overall diversity between 0.5 and 1.5% of the forest area disturbed per year. The unimodal responses of overall diversity to disturbance emerged from contrasting within- and between-patch responses, i.e., a decrease in within-patch diversity and an increase in between-patch diversity with increasing disturbance. This relationship was consistent across study landscapes, spatial scales, and diversity indicators.

Conclusion

The recent wave of natural disturbances in Central Europe has likely fostered the structural diversity of forest landscapes. However, a further increase in disturbance could result in the crossing of a tipping point (at ~ 1.5% of forest area disturbed per year), leading to substantial structural homogenization.
Stationary currents in long-range interacting magnetic systems
Authors: Boccagna Roberto
Published: August 2020

We construct a solution for the 1d integro-differential stationary equation derived from a finite-volume version of the mesoscopic model proposed in Giacomin and Lebowitz (J. Stat. Phys. 87(1), 37–61, 1997). This is the continuous limit of an Ising spin chain interacting at long range through Kac potentials, staying in contact at the two edges with reservoirs of fixed magnetizations. The stationary equation of the model is introduced here starting from the Lebowitz-Penrose free energy functional defined on the interval [−ε− 1, ε− 1], ε > 0. Below the critical temperature, and for ε small enough, we obtain a solution that is no longer monotone when opposite in sign, metastable boundary conditions are imposed. Moreover, the mesoscopic current flows along the magnetization gradient. This can be considered as an analytic proof of the existence of diffusion along the concentration gradient in one-component systems undergoing a phase transition, a phenomenon generally known as uphill diffusion. In our proof uniqueness is lacking, and we have clues that the stationary solution obtained is not unique, as suggested by numerical simulations.
Changes of soil-rhizosphere microbiota after organic amendment application in a Hordeum vulgare L. short-term greenhouse experiment
Authors: Obermeier Michael M. , Minarsch Eva-Maria L. , Durai Raj Abilash C. , Rineau Francois , Schröder Peter
Published: August 2020

Aims

In order to counteract the enduring decreases in the quality of agricultural land, mechanistic studies for a more sustainable agricultural crop production were performed. They aimed to assess the effects of organic amendments in combination with mineral fertilizer on soil-rhizosphere microbiota and their influence on soil health and plant performance.

Methods

In a short-term greenhouse experiment, the effects of pelletized spent mushroom substrate, with different combinations of biochar and mineral fertilizer, on agricultural soil and performance of Hordeum vulgare L were scrutinized. To evaluate improved soil quality, different soil biological and chemical properties, microbial activity, bacterial diversity and plant performance were assessed.

Results

Plant performance increased across all fertilizer combinations. Bacterial β-diversity changed from the initial to the final sampling, pointing at a strong influence of plant development on the rhizosphere with increasing abundances of Acidobacteria and decreasing abundances of Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Bacteroidetes. Microbial activity (FDA), potential enzyme activity and metabolic diversity of the microbial community (BIOLOG) were not affected by the amendments, whereas bacterial community structure changed on family level, indicating functional redundancy. Treatments containing biochar and the highest amount of mineral fertilizer (B_MF140) caused the strongest changes, which were most pronounced for the families Xanthobacteraceae, Mycobacteriaceae, and Haliangiaceae.

Conclusion

Applying organic amendments improved plant performance and maintained soil health, contributing to more sustainable crop production. Nevertheless, long-term field studies are recommended to verify the findings of this short-term experiment.
Beyond linear conciliation
Authors: Kuan Ko-Hung
Published: August 2020

Formal epistemologists criticise the Conciliatory View of peer disagreement for being non-commutative with conditionalisation, path dependent and does not preserve the independence between propositions. Failing to commute with conditionalisation, one may switch the order between conciliating and conditionalising and obtain different outcomes. Failing to be path independent, the outcome of conciliation varies with the order of the acquisition of new testimonies. Failing to preserve the independence between propositions, one may suffer from a sure-loss and hence be deemed irrational. The three formal deficiencies urge people to abandon the Conciliatory View. This paper aims to show that one may save the Conciliatory View by conciliating with nonlinear functions. Research in the study of opinion pooling shows that the three deficiencies are not problems of the Conciliatory View, but problems of linear averaging. Hence, one can get rid of these formal deficiencies by making conciliation with nonlinear averaging functions. After showing how the three deficiencies can be avoided, I will explore the features of nonlinear averaging functions and argue that they have properties that correctly capture people’s intuition concerning disagreement. The conclusion, therefore, is to suggest epistemologists develop a more fine-grained taxonomy for cases of disagreement. With a deliberate categorisation of different kinds of disagreement, epistemologists can pick the proper averaging rule to apply in each specific case, and get rid of possible formal deficiencies.
Manufacturing and mechanical properties of composite orthotropic Kagome honeycomb using novel modular method
Authors: Niu Bin , Li Shijie , Yang Rui
Published: August 2020

This work deals with manufacturing and analysis of orthotropic composite Kagome honeycomb panels. A novel modular mold is proposed to manufacture carbon fiber reinforced composite Kagome honeycombs. The designed mold can be assembled freely to manufacture Kagome honeycombs with different configuration combinations and can realize easy demolding. Furthermore, two typical fiber placement methods are considered during the fabrication process, from which the more effective fiber placement method is determined. Finally, representative volume element method is used to perform homogenization analysis of the Kagome honeycomb panels and to obtain equivalent in-plane and bending stiffness. Finite element analysis using these equivalent properties is conducted and validated against the experimental results of the manufactured composite Kagome honeycomb panels under different loading cases.
Persistent Genital Arousal Disorder: a Biopsychosocial Framework
Authors: Jackowich Robyn A. , Pukall Caroline F.
Published: August 2020

Purpose of Review

Persistent genital arousal disorder (also referred to as genitopelvic dysesthesia or PGAD/GD) is a distressing and largely underrecognized condition characterized by persistent, unwanted genital arousal (sensations, sensitivity, vasocongestion) in the absence of subjective/cognitive arousal and sexual desire. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent findings on biological and psychosocial factors in PGAD/GD as they pertain to the assessment and treatment of this condition. These findings will be considered within a biopsychosocial framework, for the purposes of considering next steps for clinical and research efforts.

Recent Findings

A small number of studies have recently examined potential biological aetiologies for PGAD/GD: pharmacological agents, spinal pathology and peripheral nerve involvement. Recent studies have also found that PGAD/GD is associated with a significant negative impact on psychosocial wellbeing and daily functioning as compared to symptom-free individuals. In addition, these results highlight cognitive/affective responses to symptoms (e.g. catastrophizing of symptoms) that may influence outcomes. However, biological and psychological research are rarely integrated in these studies, despite the interrelationship between these factors.

Although PGAD/GD was first described in the scientific literature almost two decades ago, most research on PGAD/GD is presented in the form of case studies. Prospective treatment trials that integrate biopsychosocial factors are needed in order to provide effective and efficient care to this population. This research would be facilitated by the development of a patient-reported outcome measure, as well as greater education/awareness among healthcare providers and the public about this distressing condition.
Supercharged eGFP-TRAIL Decorated NETs to Ensnare and Kill Disseminated Tumor Cells
Authors: Cao Thong M. , King Michael R.
Published: August 2020

Background

NETosis is an innate immune response elicited by activated neutrophils to fight microbial infections. Activated neutrophils release DNA fibers decorated with anti-microbial proteins called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) into the extracellular space to trap and kill surrounding microbes.

Methods

Here, we show that tumor-derived IL-8 released by cancer cells also activates the release of NETs. Until now, there have been no existing technologies that leverage NETs as an anti-tumor drug delivery vehicle. In this study, we demonstrate the re-engineering of neutrophils to express an apoptosis-inducing chimeric protein, supercharged eGFP-TRAIL, on NETs that can ensnare and kill tumor cells while retaining their anti-microbial capabilities.

Results

We observed significant TRAIL-induced apoptosis in tumor cells captured by TRAIL-decorated NETs.

Conclusions

This work demonstrates NETs as a promising technology to deliver protein in response to local cytokine signals.
Not only laboratory to clinic: the translational work of William S. C. Copeman in rheumatology
Authors: Worboys Michael , Toon Elizabeth
Published: August 2020

Since the arrival of Translational Medicine (TM), as both a term and movement in the late 1990s, it has been associated almost exclusively with attempts to accelerate the “translation” of research-laboratory findings to improve efficacy and outcomes in clinical practice (Krueger et al. in Hist Philos Life Sci 41:57, 2019). This framing privileges one source of change in medicine, that from bench-to-bedside. In this article we dig into the history of translation research to identify and discuss three other types of translational work in medicine that can also reshape ideas, practices, institutions, behaviours, or all of these, to produce transformations in clinical effectiveness. These are: (1) making accessible state-of-the-art knowledge and best practice across the medical profession; (2) remodelling and creating institutions to better develop and make available specialist knowledge and practice; and (3) improving public and patient understandings of disease prevention, symptoms and treatments. We do so by examining the work of William S. C. Copeman, a dominant figure in British rheumatology from the 1930 through the late 1960s. Throughout his long career, Copeman blended approaches to “translation” in order to produce transformative change in clinical medicine, making his work an exemplar of our expanded notion of TM.
A Combination of Self-Reported Data and Social-Related Neural Measures Forecasts Viral Marketing Success on Social Media
Authors: Motoki Kosuke , Suzuki Shinsuke , Kawashima Ryuta , Sugiura Motoaki
Published: August 2020

Consumers often share product-related content (e.g., advertising), and highly shared advertising has a huge impact on consumer behavior. Despite its apparent effectiveness, prediction of whether such advertising will be highly shared is a poorly understood area of marketing. Advances in brain imaging techniques may allow researchers to forecast aggregate consumer behavior beyond subjective reports. Using neuroimaging techniques, previous research has established models showing that expectations of self-related outcomes (potential for self-enhancement) and the social impact of sharing (potential for social approval) contribute to the likelihood of users sharing non-commercial static content (i.e., text-based health news). However, whether this finding can be applied to forecasting the virality of dynamic commercial stimuli, which is more relevant to interactive marketing (i.e., video ads), remains unknown. Combining brain imaging techniques, cross-validation methods, and real-world data regarding sharing on social media, the present study investigated whether brain data can be used to forecast the viral marketing success of video ads. We used neuroimaging (functional magnetic resonance imaging: fMRI) to measure neural activity during three sets of theory-driven neural measures implicated in value, self, and social (mentalizing) processes while 40 participants viewed video ads that brands had posted on Facebook. Contrary to previous findings regarding value-related virality in non-commercial static content, our results indicate that social-related neural activity contributes significantly to forecasting the virality of dynamic marketing-related content. The model that included both social-related neural measures and subjective intentions to share forecasted viral marketing success better than the model that included only social-related neural measures. The model that included only subjective intention to share did not forecast viral marketing success. Overall, these findings provide a novel connection between neurophysiological measures and real-world dynamic commercial content. Contrary to previous neuroforecasting findings, social-related but not value-related neural measures can significantly improve our ability to predict market-level sharing of video ads.
Association Between Body Mass Index and Female Sexual Dysfunction: A Cross-sectional Study from the Data Registry on Experiences of Aging, Menopause, and Sexuality
Authors: Faubion Stephanie S. , Fairbanks Flavia , Kuhle Carol L. , Sood Richa , Kling Juliana M. , Vencill Jennifer A. , Mara Kristin C. , Kapoor Ekta
Published: August 2020

Background

Obesity and female sexual dysfunction (FSD) are prevalent conditions, and both are associated with significant adverse effects on health and well-being.

Aim

To investigate the association between body mass index and FSD, as well as potential moderators.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was performed by analyzing medical records of 6,688 women seeking consultation for menopause-related or sexual health–related concerns at women’s health clinics at Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, and Scottsdale, AZ, between May 1, 2015, and September 15, 2019.

Outcomes

Female sexual function was assessed by the Female Sexual Function Index, and sexual distress was assessed by the Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised.

Results

Being overweight or obese was associated with a lack of sexual activity. Among sexually active women, those who were overweight or obese had lower Female Sexual Function Index total scores and sexual function domain scores (indicating worse sexual function), including sexual arousal, lubrication, satisfaction, orgasm, and pain, and higher levels of sexual distress than those with normal weight. However, on multivariable analysis, these associations were found to be mediated by other factors, including age, level of education, reproductive stage, medication use, and mood disturbances, which are known to impact body weight and sexual function in women.

Clinical Implications

Overweight and obesity were associated with sexual inactivity and greater odds of having FSD, which should prompt proactive assessment of sexual function.

Strengths and Limitations

The strengths of this study include the large cohort size and assessment of sexual problems in addition to sexual distress, a key component of the definition of sexual dysfunction. This study also took into account multiple potential moderating factors. Limitations include the cross-sectional design, which precludes determination of causality as well as lack of diversity in the cohort, potentially limiting generalizability of results. In addition, sexual function was not assessed in women reporting no recent sexual activity, which may confound results.

Conclusion

Overweight/obesity and FSD are highly prevalent conditions, which appear to be indirectly associated. These results highlight the need to identify and address FSD in all overweight and obese women, with particular attention to potential contributing factors.
The phenomenology of auditory verbal hallucinations in emotionally unstable personality disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Wallis S. , Denno P. , Ives J. , Mallikarjun P. , Wood S. J. , Oyebode F. , Broome M. , Upthegrove R.
Published: August 2020

Objective:

To explore the phenomenology of auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) in a clinical sample of young people who have a ‘non-psychotic’ diagnosis.

Methods:

Ten participants aged 17–31 years with presentation of emotionally unstable personality disorder or post-traumatic stress disorder and frequent AVHs were recruited and participated in a qualitative study exploring their subjective experience of hearing voices. Photo-elicitation and ethnographic diaries were used to stimulate discussion in an otherwise unstructured walking interview.

Results:

‘Non-psychotic’ voices comprised auditory qualities such as volume and clarity. Participants commonly personified their voices, viewing them as distinct characters with which they could interact and form relationships. There appeared to be an intimate and unstable relationship between participant and voice, whereby voices changed according to the participants’ mood, insecurities, distress and circumstance. Equally, participants reacted to provocation by the voice, leading to changes in mood and circumstance through emotional and physical disturbances. In contrast to our previous qualitative work in psychosis, voice hearing was not experienced with a sense of imposition or control.

Conclusions:

This phenomenological research yielded in-depth and novel accounts of ‘non-psychotic’ voices which were intimately linked to emotional experience. In contrast to standard reports of voices in disorders such as schizophrenia, participants described a complex and bi-directional relationship with their voices. Many other features were in common with voice hearing in psychosis. Knowledge of the phenomenology of hallucinations in non-psychotic disorders has the potential to inform future more successful management strategies. This report gives preliminary evidence for future research.
Correction of Local Collection Efficiency Based on Roughness Element Concept for Glaze Ice Simulation
Authors: Yoon Taekeun , Yee Kwanjung
Published: August 2020

In glaze ice conditions, beads on the surface usually grow to form roughness elements through coalescence, finally resulting in enhancement of local collection efficiency. However, the effects of roughness elements due to freezing of beads are not reflected on the local collection efficiency in CFD icing simulations. This is problematic for predicting the resultant ice shape, which may lead to inaccurate aerodynamic performance and load distribution. The aim of this study is to propose a macroscopic icing model which can reflect bead microscopic phenomena using the Eulerian approach. To this end, a correction was made for collection efficiency by introducing a novel parameter - the effective impinging angle- which is the angle to calculate the local collection efficiency depending on the physical state of surface. It is assumed that the parameter related to the contact angle represents the state of beads. The computational icing analysis of airfoil was performed using the proposed model both in the rime condition and glaze conditions. The results show that the icing characteristics in the feather region is captured with enhanced accuracy in both conditions.
Europeanisation on demand: the EU cybersecurity certification regime between market integration and core state powers (1997–2019)
Authors: Sivan-Sevilla Ido
Published: August 2020

Despite promises by European Union (EU) policymakers to “fundamentally change” cybersecurity certification, they have recently created a regime that is strikingly similar to already existing certification arrangements. How can we explain this puzzle? Through a process-tracing analysis based on 41 documents and 18 interviews, this article traces the development of the EU cybersecurity certification regime over the past two decades. It deconstructs certification into standardisation, accreditation, certification, and evaluation; analyses how each regime component changed over time; and discusses to what extent causal mechanisms that are derived from classic theories of EU integration explain the limited nature of policy change. The observed dynamics uncover a “Europeanization on Demand” model that allows national authorities to completely control the extent of integration. This study challenges the dichotomous understanding portrayed by EU integration literature, of mutually exclusive dynamics of market or core state powers integration, highlighting intriguing political dynamics in EU cybersecurity policymaking.
A latent class analysis of health lifestyles and health outcomes among Chinese older adults
Authors: Zhang Li
Published: August 2020

Prior analyses have repeatedly documented the association between individual health behaviours and health outcomes. Nonetheless, few studies have taken a health lifestyle theory approach to examine how health lifestyle behaviours have shaped Chinese older adults’ health status. Using the most recent 2011–2012 data released by the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), latent class analysis was applied to identify predominant health lifestyles among Chinese older adults aged 65–105. Four distinct classes representing health lifestyles emerged. Furthermore, the research found the way in which the four classes representing older adults’ health lifestyles can be predicted by the respondent's demographic and socio-economic characteristics. In addition, health lifestyles were found to be strongly associated with Chinese older adults’ health outcomes which were measured by self-rated health, functional independence, cognitive function and chronic diseases, even after controlling for demographic features as well as individual and parental socio-economic disadvantage. Findings supported the cumulative disadvantage theory in health. The research highlighted the importance of promoting health lifestyles to improve older adults’ health outcomes.
Pooling of coronavirus tests under unknown prevalence
Authors: Pikovski A. , Bentele K.
Published: August 2020

Diagnostic testing for the novel coronavirus is an important tool to fight the coronavirus disease (Covid-19) pandemic. However, testing capacities are limited. A modified testing protocol, whereby a number of probes are ‘pooled’ (i.e. grouped), is known to increase the capacity for testing. Here, we model pooled testing with a double-average model, which we think to be close to reality for Covid-19 testing. The optimal pool size and the effect of test errors are considered. The results show that the best pool size is three to five, under reasonable assumptions. Pool testing even reduces the number of false positives in the absence of dilution effects.
Sub-clinical myocardial ischaemia due to cardiac strangulation by an epicardial pacemaker lead
Authors: Muneuchi Jun , Doi Hirohito , Watanabe Mamie , Ochiai Yoshie
Published: August 2020

We present the case of a 10-year-old boy with congenital complete atrioventricular block who had cardiac strangulation by an epicardial pacemaker lead placed during infancy. Coronary angiography and Tc99m tetrofosmin myocardial perfusion scintigraphy suggested sub-clinical myocardial ischaemia.
Learning from health system reform trajectories in seven Canadian provinces
Authors: Usher Susan , Denis Jean-Louis , Préval Johanne , Baker Ross , Chreim Samia , Kreindler Sara , Breton Mylaine , Côté-Boileau Élizabeth
Published: August 2020

In publicly funded health systems, reform efforts have proliferated to adapt to increasingly complex demands. In Canada, prior research (Lazaret al., 2013,Paradigm Freeze: Why is it so Hard to Reform Health Care in Canada?, McGill-Queen's Press) found that reforms at the end of the 20th century failed to change the fundamentals of the Canadian system based on physician independence and assured universal coverage only for medical and hospital services. This paper focuses on reforms since the turn of the millennium to explore the transformative capacities developed in seven provinces within this system architecture. Longitudinal case studies, based on scientific and grey literature, and interviews with key informants, trace the patterns of reform in each province and reveal five objectives that, to varying degrees, preoccupied reformers: (1) address chronic disease, (2) align health system actors with provincial objectives, (3) shift from hospital to community-based care, (4) integrate physicians, and (5) develop improvement capacities. The range of strategies adopted to achieve these objectives in different provinces is compared to identify emerging pathways of reform and extract lessons for future reformers. We find significant cross-learning between provinces, but also note an emergent dimension to reforms, where multiple strategies aggregate through time to create unique patterns, presenting their own set of possibilities and limitations for the future.
Broadening the application of health technology assessment in the Netherlands: a worthwhile destination but not an easy ride?
Authors: Enzing Joost J. , Knies Saskia , Boer Bert , Brouwer Werner B.F.
Published: August 2020

Currently, reimbursement decisions based on health technology assessments (HTA) in the Netherlands mostly concern outpatient pharmaceuticals. The Dutch government aspires to broaden the systematic application of full HTA towards other types of health care in order to optimise the content of the basic benefit package. This paper identifies important challenges for broadening the scope of full HTA to other types of health care. Based on a description of the Dutch reimbursement decision-making process, five important characteristics of outpatient pharmaceuticals were identified, which are all relevant to the successful application of HTA: (i) closed reimbursement system, (ii) absence of alternative policy measures, (iii) existence of marketing authorisation, (iv) identifiable and accountable counterparty, and (v) product characteristics. For a selection of other types of health care, which may be subject to HTA more frequently in the future, deviations from these characteristics of outpatient pharmaceuticals are discussed. The implications of such deviations for performing HTA and the decision-making process are highlighted. It is concluded that broadening the application of HTA will require policy makers to meet both important policy-related and methodological challenges. These challenges differ per health care domain, which may inform policy makers which expansions of the current use of HTA are most feasible.
Understanding the characteristics and mechanisms underlying suicide clusters in Australian youth: a comparison of cluster detection methods
Authors: Hill N.T.M. , Too L.S. , Spittal M.J. , Robinson J.
Published: August 2020

Aims

There is currently no gold-standard definition or method for identifying suicide clusters, resulting in considerable heterogeneity in the types of suicide clusters that are detected. This study sought to identify the characteristics, mechanisms and parameters of suicide clusters using three cluster detection methods. Specifically, the study aimed to: (1) determine the overlap in suicide clusters among each method, (2) compare the spatial and temporal parameters associated with different suicide clusters and (3) identify the demographic characteristics and rates of exposure to suicide among cluster and non-cluster members.

Methods

Suicide data were obtained from the National Coronial Information System. N = 3027 Australians, aged 10–24 who died by suicide in 2006–2015 were included. Suicide clusters were determined using: (1) poisson scan statistics, (2) a systematic search of coronial inquests and (3) descriptive network analysis. These methods were chosen to operationalise three different definitions of suicide clusters, namely clusters that are: (1) statistically significant, (2) perceived to be significant and (3) characterised by social links among three or more suicide descendants. For each method, the demographic characteristics and rates of exposure to suicide were identified, in addition to the maximum duration of suicide clusters, the geospatial overlap between suicide clusters, and the overlap of individual cluster members.

Results

Eight suicide clusters (69 suicides) were identified from the scan statistic, seven (40 suicides) from coronial inquests; and 11 (37 suicides) from the descriptive network analysis. Of the eight clusters detected using the scan statistic, two overlapped with clusters detected using the descriptive network analysis and one with clusters identified from coronial inquests. Of the seven clusters from coronial inquests, four overlapped with clusters from the descriptive network analysis and one with clusters from the scan statistic. Overall, 9.2% (12 suicides) of individuals were identified by more than one method. Prior exposure to suicide was 10.1% (N = 7) in clusters from the scan statistic, 32.5% (N = 13) in clusters from coronial inquest and 56.8% (N = 21) in clusters from the descriptive network analysis.

Conclusion

Each method identified markedly different suicide clusters. Evidence of social links between cluster members typically involved clusters detected using the descriptive network analysis. However, these data were limited to the availability information collected as part of the police and coroner investigation. Communities tasked with detecting and responding to suicide clusters may benefit from using the spatial and temporal parameters revealed in descriptive studies to inform analyses of suicide clusters using inferential methods.
Mangrove‐Derived Organic and Inorganic Carbon Exchanges Between the Sinnamary Estuarine System (French Guiana, South America) and Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Ray Raghab , Thouzeau Gérard , Walcker Romain , Vantrepotte Vincent , Gleixner Gerd , Morvan Sylvain , Devesa Jeremy , Michaud Emma
Published: August 2020

There is growing evidence that a substantial fraction of the dissolved organic and inorganic carbon (DOC and DIC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) can be exported from mangroves to the ocean. Yet our understanding of C fluxes in mangrove forests is limited to only few regional studies that exclude the world's longest sediment dispersal system connected to the Amazon River. The present study aims at (1) examining tidal fluctuations of DOC, POC, and DIC; their isotopes; and optical properties such as chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and (2) estimating their exchange fluxes between the mangroves and adjacent coastal water in the Sinnamary estuary, French Guiana. Time series observation highlighted that physical processes coupled to tides controlled diel dynamics and sources of DOC (e.g., litter leaching and pore water seepage) and POC (microphytobenthos, sediment resuspension, and bioturbation activities). Intense benthic remineralization could account for high water column pCO2 and DIC exchange flux during the low tide. Mangrove‐derived DOC export to inner shelf (8.14 g C m−2 day−1) was exceeding import of POC and DIC from the mud bank and marine sources to the mangroves (1.35 and 0.90 g C m−2 day−1, respectively). Because of specific dynamics of the Amazon mobile muds, local geomorphology, water column stratification, and environmental forcing, Guianese mangroves cannot be seen as simple C exporters to the Atlantic waters. These first data setting on C fluxes for the region should be included along with other studies to improve global mangrove C budget estimate.
Author Correction: High-Gain Metasurface in Polyimide On-Chip Antenna Based on CRLH-TL for Sub-Terahertz Integrated Circuits
Authors: Alibakhshikenari Mohammad , Virdee Bal S. , See Chan H. , Abd-Alhameed Raed A. , Falcone Francisco , Limiti Ernesto
Published: August 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Gaze behaviour to lateral face stimuli in infants who do and do not receive an ASD diagnosis
Authors: Donati Georgina , Davis Rachael , Forrester Gillian S.
Published: August 2020

Cerebral lateralisation of function is a common characteristic across vertebrate species and is positively associated with fitness of the organism, in humans we hypothesise that it is associated with cognitive fitness. This investigation evaluated the early development of lateralised gaze behaviour for face stimuli in infants at high and low risk for autism from the British Autism Sibling Infant Study (BASIS). The BASIS cohort includes a low risk group and three high-risk groups who at age 3 were developing (i) typically, (ii) atypically or (iii) had received a diagnosis for ASD. Using eye-tracking data derived from a face pop-out task at 6 and 14 months of age, all non-ASD groups showed a bias for stimuli on the left at both timepoints. At 6 months the ASD group demonstrated a preference for stimuli on the right and were slower than their neurotypical counterparts to look at faces on the left. However, by 14 months these differences disappear. Longitudinal associations between lateral looking behaviour at 6 months and language and motor ability at 14 months were also found. Results suggest that infants who go on to be diagnosed with autism exhibit early differences in gaze behaviour that may be associated with subsequent cognitive outcomes.
Publisher Correction: Characterization of Satellite DNAs in Squirrel Monkeys genus Saimiri (Cebidae, Platyrrhini)
Authors: Valeri Mirela Pelizaro , Dias Guilherme Borges , Moreira Camila Nascimento , Yonenaga-Yassuda Yatiyo , Stanyon Roscoe , Kuhn Gustavo Campos e Silva , Svartman Marta
Published: August 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Influence of residual fat signal on diffusion kurtosis MRI of suspicious mammography findings
Authors: Mlynarska-Bujny Anna , Bickelhaupt Sebastian , Laun Frederik Bernd , König Franziska , Lederer Wolfgang , Daniel Heidi , Ladd Mark Edward , Schlemmer Heinz-Peter , Delorme Stefan , Kuder Tristan Anselm
Published: August 2020

Recent studies showed the potential of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) as a tool for improved classification of suspicious breast lesions. However, in diffusion-weighted imaging of the female breast, sufficient fat suppression is one of the main factors determining the success. In this study, the data of 198 patients examined in two study centres was analysed using standard diffusion and kurtosis evaluation methods and three DKI fitting approaches accounting phenomenologically for fat-related signal contamination of the lesions. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed the highest area under the curve (AUC) for the method including fat correction terms (AUC = 0.85, p < 0.015) in comparison to the values obtained with the standard diffusion (AUC = 0.77) and kurtosis approach (AUC = 0.79). Comparing the two study centres, the AUC value improved from 0.77 to 0.86 (p = 0.036) using a fat correction term for the first centre, while no significant difference with no adverse effects was observed for the second centre (AUC 0.89 vs. 0.90, p = 0.95). Contamination of the signal in breast lesions with unsuppressed fat causing a reduction of diagnostic performance of diffusion kurtosis imaging may potentially be counteracted by proposed adapted evaluation methods.
Levodopa inhibits the development of lens-induced myopia in chicks
Authors: Thomson Kate , Morgan Ian , Karouta Cindy , Ashby Regan
Published: August 2020

Animal models have demonstrated a link between dysregulation of the retinal dopamine system and the development of myopia (short-sightedness). We have previously demonstrated that topical application of levodopa in chicks can inhibit the development of form-deprivation myopia (FDM) in a dose-dependent manner. Here, we examine whether this same protection is observed in lens-induced myopia (LIM), and whether levodopa’s protection against FDM and LIM occurs through a dopamine D1- or D2-like receptor mechanism. To do this, levodopa was first administered daily as an intravitreal injection or topical eye drop, at one of four ascending doses, to chicks developing LIM. Levodopa’s mechanism of action was then examined by co-administration of levodopa injections with D1-like (SCH-23390) or D2-like (spiperone) dopamine antagonists in chicks developing FDM or LIM. For both experiments, levodopa’s effectiveness was examined by measuring axial length and refraction after 4 days of treatment. Levodopa inhibited the development of LIM in a dose-dependent manner similar to its inhibition of FDM when administered via intravitreal injections or topical eye drops. In both FDM and LIM, levodopa injections remained protective against myopia when co-administered with SCH-23390, but not spiperone, indicating that levodopa elicits its protection through a dopamine D2-like receptor mechanism in both paradigms.
A red-emission fluorescent probe for visual monitoring of lysosomal pH changes during mitophagy and cell apoptosis
Authors: Wang Xiaodong , Fan Li , Zhang Xiaoran , Zan Qi , Dong Wenjuan , Shuang Shaomin , Dong Chuan
Published: August 2020

We report a red-emission pH fluorescent probe (MSO) for visual monitoring of lysosomal pH changes during mitophagy and cell apoptosis in living cells.
Single yttrium sites on carbon-coated TiO2 for efficient electrocatalytic N2 reduction
Authors: Yang Lianghao , Choi Changhyeok , Hong Song , Liu Zhiming , Zhao Zhenqing , Yang Mengmeng , Shen Huidong , Robertson Alex W. , Zhang Hao , Lo Tsz Woon Benedict , Jung Yousung , Sun Zhenyu
Published: August 2020

We report a facile synthesis of single yttrium sites anchored on carbon-coated TiO2 for efficient and stable electrocatalytic N2 fixation.
Recent advances in co-reaction accelerators for sensitive electrochemiluminescence analysis
Authors: Hu Liuyong , Wu Yu , Xu Miao , Gu Wenling , Zhu Chengzhou
Published: August 2020

In electrochemiluminescence sensing platforms, co-reaction accelerators are specific materials used to catalyze the dissociation of co-reactants into active radicals, which can significantly boost the ECL emission of luminophores.
Metastable crystalline phase formation in deep eutectic systems revealed by simultaneous synchrotron XRD and DSC
Authors: Hall Charlie L. , Potticary Jason , Hamilton Victoria , Gaisford Simon , Buanz Asma , Hall Simon R.
Published: August 2020

For the first time, simultaneous pXRD and DSC is used to investigate the crystallinity of deep eutectic solvents upon cooling.
Synthesis of ZSM-5/SAPO-34 zeolite composites from LAPONITE® and their catalytic properties in the MTO reaction
Authors: Chen Xueshuai , Jiang Rongli , Hou Huilin , Zhou Zihan , Wang Xingwen
Published: August 2020

ZSM-5/SAPO-34 zeolite composites were successfully synthesized via a secondary growth method, and the SAPO-34 part of ZSM-5/SAPO-34 was synthesized from LAPONITE®.
Chemically directed structure evolution for crystal structure prediction
Authors: Sharp Paul M. , Dyer Matthew S. , Darling George R. , Claridge John B. , Rosseinsky Matthew J.
Published: August 2020

The chemically directed structure evolution method uses chemical models to quantify the environment of atoms and vacancy sites in a crystal structure with that information used to inform how to modify the structure for crystal structure prediction.
Analysis of Judd–Ofelt parameters and radioluminescence results of SrNb2O6:Dy3+ phosphors synthesized via molten salt method
Authors: İlhan Mustafa , Keskin İlker Çetin
Published: August 2020

In this work, Dy3+-doped SrNb2O6 phosphors were fabricated by the molten salt process, which avoids high sintering temperatures, prolonged reaction time and poor compositional homogeneity.
Surface functional group modification induced partial Fermi level pinning and ohmic contact at borophene–MoS2 interfaces
Authors: Zou Dongqing , Zhao Wenkai , Xie Wanfeng , Xu Yuqing , Li Xiaoteng , Yang Chuanlu
Published: August 2020

Surface functional groups modification is a feasible approach to achieve SBH tuning for borophene–MoS2 interfaces.
Laser-assisted synthesis of gold–graphene oxide nanocomposites: effect of pulse duration
Authors: Bobb Julian A. , Rodrigues Collin J. , El-Shall M. Samy , Tibbetts Katharine Moore
Published: August 2020

Gold–graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites with high catalytic activity were produced by photoreduction of the tetrachloroaurate ion onto GO using nanosecond and femtosecond pulsed lasers.
Multipodal coordination and mobility of molecular cations inside the macrocycle valinomycin
Authors: Avilés-Moreno Juan Ramón , Gámez Francisco , Berden Giel , Martens Jonathan , Oomens Jos , Martínez-Haya Bruno
Published: August 2020

Small cations (K+, NH4+) occupy the center of the valinomycin cavity. Bulkier cations like H4PO4+ stretch the valinomycin backbone, which adopts barrel-like and funnel-like configurations, depending on the dynamically varying position of the cation.
Tube to ribbon transition in a self-assembling model peptide system
Authors: Rüter Axel , Kuczera Stefan , Stenhammar Joakim , Zinn Thomas , Narayanan Theyencheri , Olsson Ulf
Published: August 2020

We present a thermodynamic model for the structural tube to ribbon transition in the AnK model peptide system.
Insight into the diffusion mechanism of sodium ion–polaron complexes in orthorhombic P2 layered cathode oxide NaxMnO2
Authors: Luong Huu Duc , Dinh Van An , Momida Hiroyoshi , Oguchi Tamio
Published: August 2020

Small polaron and diffusion mechanism of Na ions in the layered orthorhombic cathode oxide NaxMnO2 applied for sodium-ion batteries.
Enhanced optical anisotropyviadimensional control in alkali-metal chalcogenides
Authors: Min Jingmei , Abudurusuli Ailijiang , Li Junjie , Pan Shilie , Yang Zhihua
Published: August 2020

Dimensional configuration induced hierarchical birefringences of KPSe6, Na2Ge2Se5, and Li2In2GeSe6.
Elemental bioimaging of Na distribution in roots ofArabidopsis thalianausing laser ablation-ICP-MS under cold plasma conditions
Authors: Richter-Brockmann Sigrid , Garbert Katia , von Bremen-Kühne Maximilian , Wehe Christoph A. , Reifschneider Olga , Sperling Michael , Wallrad Lukas , Schmitz-Thom Ina , Kudla Jörg , Karst Uwe
Published: August 2020

LA-ICP-MS under cold plasma conditions is used for imaging analysis of the sodium content in plant roots.
Neutrophilic infiltration in organ-on-a-chip model of tissue inflammation
Authors: Gjorevski Nikolce , Avignon Blandine , Gérard Régine , Cabon Lauriane , Roth Adrian B. , Bscheider Michael , Moisan Annie
Published: August 2020

We describe a microphysiological model of intestinal inflammation, which incorporates and captures the functional interactions between an epithelial barrier, resident macrophages, infiltrating neutrophils, and extrcellular matrix degradation products.
Cu-catalyzed cyclization to construct indoles fromN-(ortho-chloromethyl)aryl carbamates and terminal alkynesviaa one-pot reaction
Authors: Shi Yang , Wang Gangqiang , Wang Hang , Deng Bin , Gao Tao , Wang Jian , Guo Haibing , Wu Minghu , Sun Shaofa
Published: August 2020

In this reaction, a new strategy for the synthesis of indoles fromN-(ortho-chloromethyl)aryl carbamates and terminal alkynesviaCu-catalyzed coupling–cyclization has been developed.
Assessment of the aggregation and adsorption behavior of newly synthesized tetradecylpyridinium-based metallosurfactants and their interaction with bovine serum albumin
Authors: Wagay Tariq Ahmad , Ismail K. , Askari Hassan
Published: August 2020

Tetradecylpyridinium (TP) based metallosurfactants, TP2[MCl4] (M = Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn): synthesis, aggregation behavior and interaction with bovine serum albumin.
Effect of the ZnO/SiO2 ratio on the structure and catalytic activity of Cu/SiO2 and Cu/ZnO catalysts in water-containing ester hydrogenation
Authors: Chen Zheng , Wei Shuwei , Zhao Xueying , Wang Dengfeng , Chen Jiangang
Published: August 2020

The appropriate addition of ZnO (5 wt%) and SiO2 (5 wt%) had a positive effect on Cu/SiO2 and Cu/ZnO, respectively.
Synthesis and X-ray characterization of antipyrine-tethered organosilanes and their magnetic nanoparticles: potent anti-oxidants and receptors for Sn(ii) ions
Authors: Singh Gurjaspreet , Suman  , Satija Pinky , Singh Akshpreet , Shilpy  , González-Silvera D. , Espinosa Ruiz Cristobal , Esteban M. Angeles , Sahoo Subash Chandra
Published: August 2020

This study focuses on the synthesis and X-ray characterization of antipyrine-tethered organosilanes for their potential applications in the fields of material science, pharmaceuticals and chemosensing.
Rising obstacle in a one-layer granular bed induced by continuous vibrations: two dynamical regimes governed by vibration velocity
Authors: Then Hui Zee , Sekiguchi Teruyo , Okumura Ko
Published: August 2020

We investigate the rising motion of an obstacle in a vertically positioned one-layer granular bed under continuous vibrations, and find that the rising motion is composed of two distinct regimes well characterized by simple scaling laws.