bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SEASONAL ABUNDANCE AND CONTROL OF SPIDER MITES (TETRANYCHIDAE) INFESTING COMMERCIAL STRAWBERRIES IN COASTAL NEW SOUTH WALES
Authors: Goodwin S.
Published: April 2007

The seasonal abundance of the spider mites Tetranychus urticae Koch and T. ludeni Zacher was studied on commercial strawberry farms near Sydney, New South Wales between 1978–1981. T. urticae was the dominant species with T. ludeni assuming a minor role. T. urticae usually first appeared each year in May‐June, with populations developing through winter and increasing to, and sometimes exceeding, the economic threshold level in spring‐summer. In early January, populations were low or absent. In winter, temperature was not an impediment to pest population increase and adult females remained in a non‐diapausing phase. Miticide sprays gave variable control of T. urticae outbreaks, probably due to the difficulties of applying the spray to the underside of leaves and widespread resistance within pest populations. The predator Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias‐Henriot, where it occurred, survived under most conditions and was an important factor in controlling T. urticae infestations. Another predator, Amblyseius womersleyi Schicha, occurred infrequently and at low numbers and contributed little to control.
SURVIVAL OF HELICOVERPA PUNCTIGERA (WALLENGREN) AND H. ARMIGERA (HÜBNER) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) PUPAE SUBMERGED IN WATER
Authors: Murray D. A. H. , Zalucki M. P.
Published: April 2007

The effect of varying periods of submersion in water on survival of non‐diapausing pupae of Helicoverpa punctigera (Wallengren) and H. armigera (Hübner) was investigated. At 25°C the submersion time to kill 50% of pupae was 49 h for H. punctigera and 35 h for H. armigera. Since pupae survive relatively long periods under water, drowning may not be an important mortality factor in the field except when prolonged waterlogging occurs.
A SIBLING NEW SPECIES OF GLYCASPIS TAYLOR (HOMOPTERA: PSYLLIDAE) AND REINSTATEMENT OF THREE SYNONYMS
Authors: Moore K. M.
Published: April 2007

The first two sibling species recognised in the genus Glycaspis Taylor are recorded from different eucalypt hosts; Glycaspis (Glycaspis) propensa sp.n. is described from the “box” group and is a sibling of G. (G.) dulcieana Moore from the “ironbark” group. The previously synonymised species G. mirabilis Moore, G. vellerosa Moore and G. convallaria Moore are reinstated as valid species.
URABA LUGENS WALKER (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE): LARVAL SURVIVAL AND PARASITOID BIOLOGY IN THE FIELD IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA
Authors: Allen Geoff R.
Published: April 2007

Twenty‐two species were found in the parasitoid complex attacking Uraba lugens Walker: 11 primary parasitoids, 10 hyperparasitoids and 1 facultative hyperparasitoid. All immature stages of U. lugens were parasitised, with larval parasitoids killing hosts from the third instar onwards. The majority of parasitoids were found in both the summer and the winter generations of U. lugens, and at least 4 of the primary parasitoids produced more than 1 generation per generation of the host. Parasitoids were collected from hosts on several species of Eucalyptus. The longevity of adult female parasitoids in the complex varied between 8 and 254 days. Of the hyperparasitoids, many were gregarious and polyphagous, and all but 1 species parasitised the pupae of primary parasitoids.

High mortality occurred among early instar larvae of U. lugens, but older instars were much less affected by mortality factors. The survival of larvae between trees and even between different groups on the 1 tree was variable. Caging of larvae greatly increased overall survival and decreased the fluctuations in mortality between larvae on different trees. Although parasitism was very high in some individual groups, it accounted for only a small proportion of mortality of U. lugens. Hyperparasitism and the presence of many polyphagous primary parasitoids in the complex may be a contributing factor to the low levels of parasitism observed on U. lugens.
REDESCRIPTION OF PHYLLOLYMA SCOTT (HEMIPTERA: PSYLLOIDEA) AND DESCRIPTION OF THREE NEW SPECIES
Authors: Taylor K. L.
Published: April 2007

Phyllolyma Scott and P. rufa (Froggatt) are redescribed and three new species are described. Two have unusual lerp‐forming habits: P. marginicola sp.n. forms bivalve lerps in the margins of Eucalyptus leaves, and P. mituliformis sp.n. also forms bivalve lerps but on the leaf surface. In both of these species the base of the lerp is embedded in the leaf tissue. The lerp of the third new species P. maculata sp.n. is unknown.
BIOLOGY OF LONGITARSUS FLAVICORNIS (STEPHENS) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) AND ITS EFFECTIVENESS IN CONTROLLING RAGWORT (SENECIO JACOBAEA L.) IN TASMANIA
Authors: Ireson J. E. , Friend D. A. , Holloway R. J. , Paterson S. C.
Published: April 2007

Monitoring established field populations of an introduced French strain of Longitarsus flavicornis in Tasmania in 1985/86 showed that newly‐emerged adults were first recorded in early December, with peak emergences occurring in January. Oviposition commenced in January, first instar larvae were recorded from mid‐February and the first pupae were collected in early November. Laboratory studies suggested that eggs laid in the field in late autumn may not hatch until the following spring. Evidence is presented that prevailing weather conditions may have initially restricted establishment and spread of L. flavicornis in some areas. Ragwort density was reduced at 2 monitored sites where L. flavicornis was established. Ragwort populations, which initially consisted of plants with both single and multi‐crowns, and shoots from a range of size and development classes, were replaced by populations dominated by plants with single crowns and small rosettes. These observations indicate that L. flavicornis can be effective in controlling ragwort.
REVISION OF LEIOPROCTUS (PROTOMORPHA) RAYMENT (HYMENOPTERA: COLLETIDAE) WITH DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW SPECIES
Authors: Maynard G. V.
Published: April 2007

Leioproctus (Protomorpha) Rayment is revised. Two new species, L. (P.) alloeopus and L. (P.) plautus, are described and illustrated together with the type species, L. (P.) tarsalis (Rayment). Two species previously in L. (Microcolletes) Michener, L. minutus (Cockerell) and L. fallax (Cockerell), are placed in Protomorpha. Microcolletes is synonymised with Protomorpha. A key enables identification of all species.
DESCRIPTION OF THE LIFE HISTORY STAGES OF CALLIPHORA NOCIVA HARDY (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE)
Authors: Morris Beryl
Published: April 2007

Morphological features of all larval instars, puparium and adult of Calliphora nociva are described. Comparison of morphology is made with published data for C. augur (F.).
REVISION OFLEIOPROCTUS (CLADOCERAPIS)COCKERELL (HYMENOPTERA: COLLETIDAE)
Authors: Maynard G. V.
Published: April 2007

Leioproctus (Cladocerapis)Cockerell is revised and 2 new species,L. (C.) floccosusandL. (C.) ignicolor, are described. The following new synonyms are proposed:Paracolletes carinatifronsCockerell, 1929 =Cladocerapis colmaniRayment, 1950 andCladocerapis goraeensisRayment, 1953;Paracolletes incanescensCockerell, 1913 =Paracolletes punctiventrisCockerell, 1929 andCladocerapis persooniaeRayment, 1950;Paracolletes speculiferusCockerell, 1921 =Cladocerapis heroniiRayment, 1935,Cladocerapis woyensisRayment, 1935 andCladocerapis hackeriRayment, 1950. A key to the 9 species now included in the subgenus is provided. Most species appear to be oligolectic on flowers ofPersooniaspp. (Proteaceae).
A NEW GENUS OF PTILODACTYLIDAE (COLEOPTERA: ELATERIFORMIA) FROM NORTH QUEENSLAND, WITH DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESUMED LARVA
Authors: Lawrence J. F. , Stribling J. B.
Published: April 2007

Austrolichas monteithi, gen. et sp. n., is described from tropical North Queensland. The genus is placed in the subfamily Cladotominae, and comparisons are made with other cladotomine genera. The presumed larva ofA. monteithiis described; it shares unique features of the abdominal apex with the cladotomine genusParalichasWhite.
THE TASMANIAN CUSHION PLANT MOTH NEMOTYLA ORIBATES GEN.N., SP.N.: SYSTEMATICS AND BIOLOGY (LEPIDOPTERA: OECOPHORIDAE: XYLORYCTINAE)
Authors: Nielsen Ebbe S. , McQuillan Peter B. , Common Ian F. B.
Published: April 2007

The adult of Nemotyla oribates gen.n., sp.n. (Oecophoridae: Xyloryctinae) is described; this taxon has several remarkable specialisations not otherwise recorded in the Xyloryctinae. The species is restricted to Tasmania's highest mountains where the larvae feed in cushion plants. Biological observations are summarised. The lack of speciation among its isolated populations is explained as recent fragmentation of a previously widespread population.
THE STRUCTURE OF THE EGGS OF SOME AUSTRALIAN PSYLLOIDEA (HEMIPTERA)
Authors: Taylor G. S.
Published: April 2007

The size, structure and mode of deposition of the eggs of a number of Australian species of Psylloidea (Hemiptera) are described. Interspecific variation in length and relative size of the pedicel of the egg is recorded and the function of the pedicel in regard to these differences is discussed.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FOUR COMMERCIAL FLY TRAPS AT CATCHING INSECTS
Authors: Dadour I. R. , Cook D. F.
Published: April 2007

Catches from four commercially‐available fly traps were compared in the Perth metropolitan area over a 4‐week period in February/March 1989. The traps were set up according to the manufacturers’ instructions in 24 backyards. Every 7 d the traps were emptied and all the insects were identified and counted. Three of the four traps were successful in catching large numbers of blowflies, bush flies and house flies. Other insects representing 24 families were also caught in these traps.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF ANTHAXOMORPHUS DEYROLLE (COLEOPTERA: BUPRESTIDAE: TRACHYINAE) FROM THE AUSTRALASIAN REGION
Authors: Williams G. A. , Weir T. A.
Published: April 2007

Anthaxomorphus queenslandicus sp.n. from North Queensland and A. bougainvillensis sp.n. from Bougainville I., Papua New Guinea, are described and figured, and all Australasian species of Anthaxomorphus are keyed. A. granulosus Deyrolle and A. papuanus Deyrolle are also discussed.
NOTES ON THE EXCAVATION OF A NEST OFMELOPHORUS BAGOTILUBBOCK IN THE NORTHERN TERRITORY, AUSTRALIA (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE)
Authors: Conway John R.
Published: April 2007

A dormant nest of the red honey ant,Melophorus bagoti, was excavated in Alice Springs, Northern Territory, Australia in August 1987. The nest had 160 chambers, reached a depth of 1.75 m, and contained 2,849 workers and mobile repletes and a dealate queen. Aborigines are familiar with this honey ant, but do not normally eat its repletes.
STUDIES ON VECTOR COMPETENCE AND AUTOGENY IN CULEX SITIENS WIEDEMANN (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)
Authors: Fanning I. D. , Mottram P. , Kay B. H.
Published: April 2007

In laboratory studies, Culex sitiens was found to be moderately susceptible to infection by Ross River (RR) virus with a TC ID50 estimated at 107.3/mosquito. Evidence of infection was found 4 d after ingestion of virus and mosquitoes were still infective at 18 d. The virus was transmitted to day‐old chickens from 4 d (10%) but maximum rates of transmission (33.3%) were reached 11–14 d after ingestion. Newly‐hatched larvae were fed both high (12.6 mg) and low (4.2 mg) diets and fed on 5–25% sucrose as adults. Only 4 out of 485 females fed on the high diet and 0 of 247 on the low diet, developed mature ova suggesting that autogeny is probably uncommon in nature. These studies suggest that Cx. sitiens may only play a limited role in the natural transmission of RR virus.
CURRENT DISTRIBUTION AND PEST STATUS OF NEZARA VIRIDULA (L.) (HEMIPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE) IN AUSTRALIA
Authors: Clarke Anthony R.
Published: April 2007

A mail survey was conducted to assess the current distribution and pest status of Nezara viridula, the green vegetable bug, in Australia. N. viridula is currently widely distributed in eastern and northern Australia, but is uncommon or rare in most of Victoria, South Australia, Tasmania and Western Australia. The bug is a significant pest in a broad belt from southeastern Queensland, through central N.S.W., to northern Victoria. While most commonly associated with soybean, N. viridula is also regularly found on other crops, including grain legumes, tomatoes and green beans. The results of a correlation analysis for 198 agricultural shires in Queensland, N.S.W. and Victoria show that the local pest status of N. viridula is not dependent on the area of crop hosts available. Results are discussed with reference to our current understanding of N. viridula biological control.
GYNANDROMORPHISM IN APONOMMA HYDROSAURI (DENNY) (ACARI: IXODIDAE)
Authors: Chilton Neil B. , Sharrad Robert D.
Published: April 2007

Two gynandromorphs of the Australian reptile tick Aponomma hydrosauri are described.
A NEW SPECIES AND SUBGENUS OF PERISCELIS LOEW FROM AUSTRALIA (DIPTERA: PERISCELIDIDAE)
Authors: Mathis W. N.
Published: April 2007

Periscelis (Notioscelis) fasciata subgen. et sp.n., from New South Wales and Queensland, is the first species of Periscelidinae to be described from Australian specimens. Family, subfamily, generic and subgeneric diagnoses and a key to subgenera of Periscelis are provided. Notioscelis is suggested to be the sister group of Periscelis sensu stricto based on morphological evidence.
A NEW SPECIES OF CALLISTOLEON BANKS (NEUROPTERA: MYRMELEONTIDAE)
Authors: New T. R. , Matsura T.
Published: April 2007

Callistoleon manselli New, sp.n., from central Queensland, Australia, is described and illustrated. It is closely related to C. illustris (Gerstaecker), with which it has been confused in the past.
DONACIA AUSTRALASIAEBLACKBURN: THE SOLE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE SUBFAMILY DONACIINAE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) IN AUSTRALIA AND NEW GUINEA
Authors: Reid C. A. M.
Published: April 2007

A single species of the subfamily Donaciinae is recognised in Australia and New Guinea: Donacia (Cyphogaster) australasiae Blackburn (=D. inopinata Goecke syn.n.; =D. papuana Gressitt syn.n.). The adult and larva of this species are described and the distribution illustrated. D. australasiae occurs on water‐lilies of the genera Ondinea den Hartog, Nymphaea L. and Nymphoides Séguier. A lectotype is designated for D. australasiae.
DIEL PERIODICITIES OF ADULT EMERGENCE OF SOME CHIRONOMIDS (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE) AND A MAYFLY (EPHEMEROPTERA: CAENIDAE) AT A WESTERN AUSTRALIAN WETLAND
Authors: Pinder, A. M. , Trayler, K. M. , Mercer, J. W. , Arena J. , Davis J. A.
Published: April 2007

Diel periodicities of adult emergence for three species of Chironomidae and one Caenidae from a Perth wetland were recorded during spring and summer. All chironomid species emerged mainly at dusk, regardless of sex, with the peak rate of emergence occurring during a 30 to 60 min interval beginning within 30 min of the time of light extinction. Light intensity appeared to be the major factor regulating the time of emergence. The emergence of the mayfly occurred at dawn during both spring and summer and may be controlled by an endogenous circadian rhythm.
NOTES ON THE DACINAE OF SOUTHERN CHINA (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE)
Authors: Guang‐qin, Liang , Hancock, David L. , Wei Xu , Fan Liang
Published: April 2007

A 10‐year survey, using host fruit sampling and male lure trapping methods, has detected 18 species of Bactrocera Macquart and Dacus Fabricius in southern China. Of these, four (B. dorsalis (Hendel), B. minax (Enderlein), B. cucurbitae (Coquillett) and B. tau (Walker)) are of major economic importance. Notes are included on 17 further species not recorded during the survey. Dacus (Didacus) fuscans (Wang), new combination, is transferred from Sinodacus Zia, B. tuberculata (Bezzi) is newly recorded from China, and the first host or lure records are provided for B. rubigina (Wang), B. modicus (Hardy), B. hochii (Zia), B. isolata (Hardy), B. scutellaris (Bezzi), B. scutellata (Hendel), B. stenomus (Wang and Zhao) and D. trimacula (Wang).
COLOUR IN ADULTHELICOVERPA PUNCTIGERA(WALLENGREN) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) AS AN INDICATOR OF MIGRATORY ORIGIN
Authors: Hill L.
Published: April 2007

A seasonal change in the colour of Helicoverpa punctigera moths from pale spring to dark autumn populations in northern Tasmania is documented. Laboratory‐rearing trials showed that high pupal temperatures produce pale moths and lower temperatures produce darker moths irrespective of larval experience. The effect of photoperiod was not investigated. Field rearing trials showed that although overwintered local pupae can emerge as early as 29 October, these adults and those from local pupae emerging in summer are darker than most of the moths appearing suddenly each September in Tasmania. The existence of a primarily pupal temperature‐mediated variation in wing colour, if substantiated by further research, will assist in the study of migratory Helicoverpa moths.
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: Cranston Peter
Published: April 2007

Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Volume 1. Trichoceridae—Nymphomyiidae. Edited by A. Soós, L. Papp and P. Oosterbroek.

Host Specialization in the World Agromyzidae (Diptera). K. A. Spencer.
SPECIES COMPOSITION AND SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF THRIPS (THYSANOPTERA) ON COTTON IN THE NAMOI VALLEY
Authors: Wilson L. J. , Bauer L. R.
Published: April 2007

Data for four seasons are presented on the seasonal abundance and species composition of thrips on cotton in the Namoi Valley, N.S.W. Adult thrips had three peaks of abundance in each season, with the species composition changing from predominantly Thrips tabaci Lindeman early, to T. imaginis Bagnall mid‐season and Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom) late season. Both T. tabaci and F. schultzei appear to breed and develop successfully on cotton, with peaks of immatures occurring in line with peaks in adult abundance. In contrast, T. imaginis did not seem to thrive on cotton, as indicated by the low numbers of immatures recorded relative to the other two species, even when it was dominant in adult populations. The data indicate that T. tabaci is the most important early‐season thrips species on cotton in the Namoi Valley.
Predators and Parasitoids of Megachile rotundata (F.) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), in South Australia
Authors: WOODWARD D. R.
Published: April 2007

Melittobia australica Girault parasitised 19% of the estimated viable population (1,340 prepupae) of leafcutting bee (Megachile rotundata) cells during the 1988–89 season. This parasitic wasp was successfully controlled by cool storage of leafcutting bee prepupae at 2–4°C with the result that no live parasitoids emerged during the following seasons incubation. No M. australica were detected in the field during the 1989/90 season. It is suggested that establishment of a feral population of M. rotundata in South Australia would be slowed, but not prevented by predation of nest cells and adults by ants, parasitism of cells by the indigenous wasp M. australica and possible predation of adults by birds.
The Identity of Burbunga gilmorei (Distant) and B. inornata Distant (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) with Descriptions of Two Allied New Species
Authors: MOULDS M. S.
Published: April 2007

Burbunga gilmorei (Distant) is confined to Western Australia. It is redescribed and a closely allied Queensland and New South Wales species, which in the past has been widely accepted as being B. gilmorei, is described as Burbunga queenslandica sp.n. Another allied species, B. parva sp.n., is described from the Northern Territory. the status of B. inornata Distant, 1905, is briefly discussed.
The Australian Distribution of Mictis profana (F.) (Hemiptera: Coreidae) and its Life Cycle on Mimosa pigra L.
Authors: FLANAGAN G. J.
Published: April 2007

Adults of Mictis profana feeding on Mimosa pigra (Mimosaceae) live for 3.5 months and the life cycle is completed in 38 d. M. profana occurs throughout mainland Australia, but is absent from Tasmania. Its hosts include native and introduced plants. Its distribution is concurrent with the current and potential range of Mimosa pigra. Potential biocontrol of M. pigra by M. profana is discussed.
Evaluation of the Juvenile Hormone Mimic Pyriproxyfen (S‐31183) Against Nuisance Chironomids (Diptera: Chironomidae), with Particular Emphasis on Polypedilum nubifer (Skuse)
Authors: TRAYLER K. M. , PINDER A. M. , DAVIS J. A.
Published: April 2007

Laboratory bioassays of the juvenile hormone mimic pyriproxyfen against late instar larvae of the nuisance chironomid Polypedilum nubifer revealed that 0.01 ppm pyriproxyfen caused a 90% inhibition of emergence of this species. A field trial of pyriproxyfen at 0.01 ppm was conducted using in situ enclosures. Pyriproxyfen significantly reduced the emergence of P. nubifer and another chironomid, Kiefferulus intertinctus (Skuse), for 24 d. Larval abundances of these species were not affected by the pesticide application. Pyriproxyfen may provide a satisfactory alternative pesticide to organophosphate control agents currently in use, particularly in highly eutrophic wetlands.
Competition for Herbage by Phaulacridium vittatum (Sjöstedt) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) and Sheep During Summer Drought
Authors: BAILEY P. , FRENSHAM A. , HINCKS A. , NEWTON M.
Published: April 2007

Wingless grasshopper (Phaulacridium vittatum_ populations inhabiting grassdominant sheep rangeland in the south‐east of South Australia reached peak biomass in summer and possibly competed with sheep for available herbage when pastures were drying off. Laboratory studies indicated adult wingless grasshopper (WG) ate clover species at faster rates than other herbage species on the rangeland, while most dicotyledonous species were eaten at faster rates than grasses. the point of competition between WG and sheep is in respect to green clover. Calculated daily consumption rates of clover by WG indicate that for densities of 10 per m2, they have maximum daily potential consumption 0.85 dry sheep equivalents (DSEs) per ha and proportional consumption at higher densities. Field densities of 10–20 WG per m2 are common in some seasons on rangelands in southern Australia and may exceed 30 per m2 in patches. Competition for perennial clovers may occur during summer with a maximum potential value of 2.6 DSEs per ha in years when WG are generally dense (30 per m2).
Cicindela (Rivacindela) gillesensis, a New Tiger Beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from South Australia
Authors: HUDSON P. J.
Published: April 2007

Cicindela (Rivacindela) gillesensis sp.n. from the playa Lake Gilles is described and figured and additional records of the closely related C. (R.) ozellae Sumlin from Island Lagoon are given. Each species is recorded in sympatry with different, undescribed species of Cicindela L.
The History of Economic Entomology in Victoria from the Time of Charles French
Authors: HOGAN T. W.
Published: April 2007

Charles French was appointed Government Entomologist of Victoria in 1889, the first such appointment in Australia. the first section of this essay outlines his career and how he set up the Entomology Branch of the Department of Agriculture. It was here, with remarkable energy and efficiency, that he carried out administrative services and investigations into all aspects of prevention and control while at the same time preparing his monumental Handbook of the Destructive Insects of Victoria. In this he covered the nomenclature, biology and control of 132 insect species with comments that reflect an objective approach and deep insight in relation to biological problems.

An account is then given of the evolution of research and development of economic entomology in Victoria on the firm foundations provided by French. the Entomology Branch continued to be the central body for economic entomology in Victoria, conducting research projects for primary industry, investigations on behalf of state authorities and the issuing of recommendations on treatments for a wide range of insect problems affecting industry and the public.

A selection of the projects that illustrate the progress of the subject over the past century in Victoria are described. These show a strong trend towards biological methods of control which has been accelerated in recent years by advances in molecular biology and genetics. It is concluded that these, together with ecological and environmental issues, herald the dawn of a new era in this vital subject.
Amitermes arboreus Roisin in Australia, with Notes on its Biology (Isoptera: Termitidae)
Authors: MILLER L. R.
Published: April 2007

Amitermes arboreus Roisin, which was described from a single colony collected in Papua New Guinea, is widely distributed in Northern Australia. Probably colonies are founded in the crowns of trees rather than at ground level. In Australia the species is commonly associated with Coptotermes acinaciformis (Froggatt) in eucalypt trees. the structure of the imago/worker mandibles of A. arboreus indicates a humus‐ or soil‐feeding diet and it probably feeds on material deposited in trees by C. acinaciformis.
Nests and Queen Migration in Schedorhinotermes actuosus (Hill), Schedorhinotermes breinli (Hill) and Coptotermes acinaciformis (Froggatt) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)
Authors: MILLER L. R.
Published: April 2007

A queen of the termite Schedorhinotermes actuosus was collected from a nest in a log at Gunn Point, N.T. There is evidence that the queen migrated to the log from some other nest site. S. actuosus does not appear to have either of the intermediate soldier forms known to exist in some other Schedorhinotermes spp. A nest series of S. breinli from Kakadu also provided evidence of colony migration. Queens of Coptotermes acinaciformes migrate seasonally within their mounds. It is suggested that migration of queens may be common and its occurrence in some other species is briefly discussed.
Effect of the Biotic Insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis and a Pyrethroid on Survival of Predators of Chrysophtharta bimaculata (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: GREENER ANNA , CANDY STEVEN G.
Published: April 2007

In a laboratory trial Bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis adversely affected survival of Chauliognathus lugubris (F.) (Coleoptera: Cantharidae), a major predator of the target insect Chrysophtharta bimaculata. Survival of two coccinellids and adult C. bimaculata was not affected. the pyrethroid cypermethrin adversely affected all insects tested. Both cypermethrin and B. thuringiensis are used to control C. bimaculata larvae in Tasmanian eucalypt plantations.
Seasonal Occurrence, Development and Reproductive Biology of the Different Morphs of Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales
Authors: ASANTE S. K.
Published: April 2007

As with many other aphids, the woolly aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann), is polymorphic; despite the fact that in Australia its life cycle is restricted to apple trees. the different morphs are: (1) apterous virginoparae; (2) alate sexuparae or virginoparae; and (3) sexuales (males and oviparae). the apterous virginoparae occur on apple trees throughout the year. the alate aphids are the offspring of apterous virginoparae and they occur first in November and then from late January to late April. Alate aphids appearing in early November produce only virginoparae, alates appearing from late November to late January produce a mixture of virginoparae and sexuales, whereas those appearing from February to April produce exclusively sexuales. Sexuales are apterous, have degenerate mouth parts and oviparae produce non‐viable eggs. Although males and oviparae of this aphid appear seasonally, perpetuation of the species appears to be entirely parthenogenetic, and overwintering is accomplished in the form of cold‐hardy apterous virginoparae. Apterous virginoparae attain a rapid rate of nymphal development, large adult size, high fecundity and high population growth rate in the spring compared to summer, autumn and winter. However, populations peak in February‐March each year.
Book Review
Authors: BAILEY PETER
Published: April 2007

Nematodes and the Biological Control of Insect Pests. R. Bedding, R. Akhurst and H. Kaya (Eds).
Virus Infection and Vector Competence of Aedes alternans (Westwood) (Diptera: Culicidae) for Ross River Virus
Authors: WELLS P. J. , RUSSELL R. C. , CLOONAN M. J. , HUESTON L. , GEARY M. J.
Published: April 2007

Aedes alternans collected from Batemans Bay on the south coast of New South Wales were infected orally with three different concentrations of a strain of Ross River (RR) virus previously isolated from the area. At the middle and highest concentrations, replication and amplification of the virus occurred in the mosquito, but virus transmission to suckling mice could not be demonstrated. This suggests Ae. alternans is not a competent vector of RR virus.
Life History of Afrocypholaelaps africana (Evans) (Acari: Ameroseiidae), a Mite Inhabiting Mangrove Flowers and Phoretic on Honeybees
Authors: SEEMAN OWEN D. , WALTER DAVID EVANS
Published: April 2007

In October 1993, umbels of the river mangrove Aegiceras corniculatum were infested by the ameroseiid mite Afrocypholaelaps africana (up to 32,000 m‐2 of mangrove canopy) at each of 11 sites sampled in southeastern Queensland. Mite populations declined as flowering decreased and were locally extinct by 20 January. Individual mangrove florets lasted about 6 d; umbels were in flower for about 10 d. Unopened buds were mite‐free, but newly opened florets were colonised by all post‐embryonic stages of the mite. In the laboratory, the mites fed on pollen and sugar water. Mites dispersed on honeybees (Apis mellifera) primarily as egg‐bearing adult females; however, a relatively small proportion of males and immature stages also occurred on bees. Only adult females have sucker‐like ambulacral pads lacking claws, an apparent adaptation for phoresy. Most mites boarded and departed the bee via the tongue and were found on the venter of the head and thorax of the bee. Additionally, bees collected mites with pollen, and crushed many immature mites into their pollen baskets. Large populations of mites occurred on honeybees at beehives during late April.
Generic Placements of Australian Ants Described by W. F. Erichson (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: SHATTUCK S. O. , McARTHUR A. J.
Published: April 2007

The generic placements of the five species of Australian ants described by Erichson in 1842 are reviewed. Three of the species,Amblyopone australis, Camponotus consobrinusandPolyrhachis hexacantha, are correct in their current placements. the remaining species,macrocephalaandprocidua, were incorrectly placed inIridomyrmexMayr and are transferred toCamponotusMayr andAnonychomyrmaDonisthorpe, respectively. A neotype is designated forC. macrocephalus, which is a new senior synonym ofC. fictorForel. the junior secondary homonymC. macrocephalusEmery, from Brazil, is replaced with its former junior synonymC. geralensisEmery (which is raised to full species).
A New Species of Eocincticornia Felt (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on Eucalyptus fasciculosa in South Australia
Authors: KOLESIK P.
Published: April 2007

A new gall midge species, Eocincticornia malarskii, is described from galls on Eucalyptus fasciculosa F. Muell. from South Australia. Detailed descriptions of the larva, pupa, male, female and infestation symptoms are given. the new species is compared to E. australasiae Felt, the only other known species of the genus.
Two Remarkable New Genera and Species of Troglobitic Carabidae (Coleoptera) from Nullarbor Caves
Authors: MOORE B. P.
Published: April 2007

Speozuphium poulteri gen. et sp.n. and Speothalpius grayi gen. et sp.n. are described from Weebubbie and Nurina Caves, respectively, in the West Australian division of the Nullarbor Plain and are placed in the carabid tribe Zuphiini. These species are remarkable for their high level of adaptation to the cave environment and they provide the first records of undoubtedly troglobitic Carabidae from mainland Australia.
Effects of Neem Seed Extract on Feeding Frequency of Nezara viridula L. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on Pecan Nuts
Authors: SEYMOUR JAMIE , BOWMAN GLENN , CROUCH MICHAEL
Published: April 2007

Different concentrations of neem seed extract, containing azadirachtin, were found to significantly decrease the number of feeding sites by the green vegetable bug, Nezara viridula, on pecan nuts. Application of this extract to nuts decreased the feeding scars on nuts from 6.6 per bug per 24 h to 1.9 per bug per 24 h. This decrease was independent of azadirachtin concentration suggesting that only low application rates of this substance may be necessary to significantly reduce the damage done by this insect in pecan orchards.
Influence of Trap Height on Catches of Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Wind‐Oriented Fly Traps
Authors: VOGT W. G. , VAN GERWEN A. C. M. , MORTON R.
Published: April 2007

Catches of the Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina, were compared in wind oriented traps operated at heights of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 m above ground. Numbers caught at 0.5 m were significantly lower than the rest. Female catches were significantly higher than male catches, but sex ratios and female age compositions were similar for catches at all heights. Traps that were operated without baits failed to catch any L. cuprina irrespective of whether or not the traps were seeded with adults of both sexes. Total catches of L. cuprina in baited traps were unaffected by seeding the traps with live adults.
Laboratory and Field Evaluation of the Selective Acaricides Dicofol and Propargite for Control of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) in Australian Cotton
Authors: WILSON L. J. , HERRON G. A. , LEIGH T. F. , ROPHAIL J.
Published: April 2007

Efficacy of the selective acaricides dicofol (960 g a.i./ha) and propargite (1,500 g a.i./ha) for control of twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, on cotton was compared to profenofos (750 g a.i./ha), a broad‐spectrum acaricidal organophosphate which was the industry standard. Ground and aerial applications of propargite reduced mite populations to lower levels for longer than the other compounds. Ground applications of dicofol and profenofos provided equivalent efficacy, but it was only about half that of propargite. A side dressing of the granular insecticide aldicarb (1,500 g a.i./ha) was included at one site and, although it suppressed mite populations, was less efficacious than propargite and uneconomic for commercial use. Dicofol and propargite are now registered for commercial use in cotton. Results of laboratory bioassays suggest that T. urticae populations collected from several cotton farms in New South Wales are presently susceptible to both compounds. the incorporation of these products into the insecticide resistance management strategy for cotton is discussed.
The Oriental Red Mite, Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein) (Acarina: Tetranychidae), in Australia
Authors: WALTER DAVID EVANS , HALLIDAY R. B. , SMITH D.
Published: April 2007

The oriental red mite, Eutetranychus orientalis, an important pest of citrus and other crops in many parts of the world, has been in Queensland for at least 30 years. We review Australian collections of oriental red mite, clarify confusion over its name and pest status, discuss its potential biological control agents, and provide a key to differentiate known Australian species of Eutetranychus and the African red mite, E. africanus (Tucker).
Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) and Other Phytophagous Insects in a Plantation of Black Wattle, Acacia mearnsii De Wild., in Southeastern Australia
Authors: HUNT A. J. , GULLAN P. J. , REID C. A. M.
Published: April 2007

The species composition and relative abundances of foliage‐feeding adult beetles were monitored in a plantation of juvenile black wattle, Acacia mearnsii De Wild., from spring 1992 until late February 1993. The insect assemblage was dominated by leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), which belonged to 4 subfamilies (Chrysomelinae, Cryptocephalinae, Galerucinae and Eumolpinae) and 21 species. Two species, Calomela parilis Lea (Chrysomelinae) and Monolepta ordinaria Blackburn (Galerucinae), each contributed about 25% of the total chrysomelid abundance for the study period, with M. ordinaria most abundant in November and December 1992 and C. parilis most common in January and February 1993. Adult beetles of 26 chrysomelid species were recorded on bipinnate wattles in nearby open forest, including all species recorded in the plantation. Other significant insects in the plantation were the Botany Bay weevil Chrysolopus spectabilis (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), the mealybug Maconellicoccus australiensis (Green and Lidgett) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and the green treehopper Sextius virescens (Fairmaire) (Hemiptera: Membracidae).
Distribution, Abundance and Field Host‐Range of Hydrellia balciunasi Bock (Diptera: Ephydridae) a Biological Control Agent for the Aquatic Weed Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle
Authors: BALCIUNAS JOE K. , BURROWS DAMIEN W.
Published: April 2007

During a project to detect and evaluate potential biological control agents for the submersed aquatic weed, hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata), the distribution, abundance and field host‐range of a recently described aquatic fly, Hydrellia balciunasi were studied in Australia from 1985‐1992. A total of 17,729 specimens were collected at 55 sites in Queensland, New South Wales and the Northern Territory. H. balciunasi was found to be relatively common, being collected in 57% of 550 collections of hydrilla. Although larvae were collected from 17 aquatic plant species, hydrilla was the preferred host for this fly, with 97% of the specimens collected from it. Based on these field data, H. balciunasi was exported to quarantine in the United States of America in 1988 for laboratory evaluation of its host‐range. Quarantine studies confirmed its safety as a biological control agent, allowing its release in the field in Florida in 1989. This is the first endemic Australian insect released as a biological control agent for a weed in the U.S.A.
Dwarf Phenotype of the Cotton Aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: WATT MICHAEL , HALES DINAH F.
Published: April 2007

The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, is a polyphagous aphid that is a pest on a wide range of commercially important crops. It sometimes gives birth to small yellow offspring that grow to be only about 1/2 to 1/3 of the typicaladult weight. These “yellow dwarfs” differ from the typical form in their small size, by having 5 instead of 6 antennal segments, and by never attaining dark greedblack coloration; they are considered to be a separate developmentally‐programmed morph. A morphometric description of the yellow dwarf form is provided. Yellow dwarfs develop at a slower rate than typical aphids and have a lower intrinsic rate of increase. An orthogonal experiment demonstrated that production of yellow dwarfs can be induced by presumed less‐suitable host‐plant species at temperatures of 15 ° and 25 °, but not 20 °C. Crowding may also induce birth of yellow dwarfs. Possible advantages of the yellow dwarf developmental pathway are discussed.
Monitoring for Impact of the Introduced Leafcutting Bee, Megachile rotundata (F.) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), Near Release Sites in South Australia
Authors: Woodward D. R.
Published: April 2007

Native plants from remnant strip vegetation at roadside sites near Keith, South Australia were monitored during the period when leafcutting bees, Megachile rotundata, were managed on nearby lucerne crops. The predominant native plants flowering at sampling sites during the November to March period included Melaleuca uncinata, Melaleuca lanceobta, Baeckia behrii and Bursaria spinosa. No M. rotundata were found on native vegetation. No M. rotundata prepupae were found in 12 microdomiciles placed in a nearby Conservation Park. The results of the monitoring program suggested feral leafcutting bee populations were unlikely to have established in significant numbers and the impact on the local plants and animals was negligible.
Neohydatothrips pseudoannulipes Johansen (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), a Pest Thrips on African Marigolds New to Australia, with One New Synonym
Authors: MOUND LAURENCE A. , GOODWIN STEPHEN , STEINER MARILYN Y.
Published: April 2007

Neohydafothrips pseudoannulipes, a pest of African marigolds, is recorded from Australia for the first time; it is widespread in the warmer, eastern areas of the continent. Details are given of how to identify the pest, and a new synonym is established involving populations from Japan, Hawaii, Florida, Costa Rica and El Salvador.
A New Troglobitic Species of Hanseniella Bagnall (Symphyla: Scutigerellidae) from Tasmania
Authors: SCHELLER U.
Published: April 2007

A new species of Symphyla, Hanseniella magna, is described from two Tasmanian caves. It is the largest symphylan ever collected and has exceptionally elongate antennae, claws and cerci.
The Brooks‐Dyar Rule and Morphometrics of the Processionary Caterpillar Ochrogaster Zunifer Herrich‐Schäffer (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae)
Authors: FLOATER GRAHAM J.
Published: April 2007

Various insect species display a uniform geometric increase in size during the larval stage (that is they follow the Brooks‐Dyar rule). Here, results of larval development are presented for the bunny‐tailed moth, Ochrogaster lunifer. The processionary larvae of this species live in a communal cohort, and moult en masse in the silken nest spun at the base of their host tree (usually a phyllodinous acacia). The exuviae, which remain buried in the accumulated silk and frass of the nest, provide a life history record of the larval cohort. Larval exuviae were collected from 773 cohorts at 37 localities in southeastern Queensland between November 1993 and May 1994. The 6,948 exuviae examined were from cohorts feeding on Acacia concurrens Pedley. Head‐capsules showed a strongly uniform geometric increase in size through eight larval instars, supporting the Brooks‐Dyar rule. The number of instars did not vary between trees or localities. A bimodal distribution of final instar head‐capsule widths was shown to be a sexual dimorphism, and similar bimodal distributions were found for instars V‐VII. Pupal size was also sexually dimorphic. The geometric size increase from one larval instar to the next holds for both males and the larger females. The geometric rule was tested using larval cohorts reared on A. concurrens in the greenhouse through instars I‐IV; development was remarkably similar to that in the field. Larval growth patterns of O. lunifer are very different from the structurally similar bag‐shelter moth. The ability to distinguish different instars of O. lunifer with a high degree of precision from field‐collected exuviae will allow accurate comparisons of development, survival and dispersal of larvae in different group sizes, on different trees and in different localities.
Field Efficacy and Persistence of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki against Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Relation to Larval Behaviour on Grapevine Leaves
Authors: Bailey P. , Baker G. , Caon G.
Published: April 2007

Commercial formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) var. kurstaki are used in southern Australian vineyards to control lightbrown apple moth (LBAM), Epiphyas postvitrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). In field experiments, Bt applied to grapevines gave variable control. To test whether the field activity may have been affected by sunlight, deposits of Bt were exposed to direct sunlight and bioassayed against neonate larvae in the laboratory. Bt exposed on vine leaves in direct sunlight lost more than 50% activity against LBAM in the first day. In the field, larvae were found to feed in areas mostly shaded from sunlight. Measurements of UV energy falling on these surfaces, indicated that Bt in shaded areas retained 60% activity after 2 d of sunlight, which would be sufficient time for actively‐feeding larvae to consume a lethal dose of Bt. However, larvae on treated leaves either did not eat any tissue, or ate very little compared with those on untreated leaves. It is concluded that reduced feeding rates by LBAM larvae on Bt‐treated leaves, rather than rapid inactivation by sunlight is more important in explaining the variability of Bt in the field against LBAM.
Re‐examination of theAriphronGeneric Group of Thynnine Wasps (Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae)
Authors: KIMSEY LYNN S.
Published: April 2007

The relationships, status and composition of the generaA riphronandTachynomiaare re‐examined. Two new genera,TachynoidesandTakyomyia, are described to include species previously placed inTachynomiaandAriphron. Ariphronis the sister group of the other three, and of the remaining three genera the relationships are:Tachynoides + (Tachynomia + Takyomyia).New synonymies include:Ariphron rigidulusTurner underA. bicolorErichson;Ariphron fervidusErichson underAgriomyia abdominalisGuerin;Aelurus pilosulus(Smith) underThynnus adusta(Smith); andThynnus schroederiDalla Torre,Thynnus punctataSmith andThynnus schoberiDalla Torre underTachynomia dentafa(Smith).Ariphron bicotor propodealisRohwer is elevated to species status, asAriphron propodealis.
Suppression of Helicoverpa spp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Oviposition by Use of the Natural Enemy Food Supplement Envirofeast®
Authors: MENSAH R. K.
Published: April 2007

The deterrent activity of a newly developed food product, EnvirofeasP and three other food sprays, sugar, Envirofeast 2 and petroleum oil plus Kelgum mixture, on oviposition by Helicoverpu spp. on cotton crops was investigated by mesh house choice and no‐choice tests and large scale field trials at the Australian Cotton Research Institute at Narrabri, Norwood near Moree and Alcheringa near Boggabilla in New South Wales from 1992‐95. EnvirofeastO treated plants received significantly fewer eggs than did any other treatment and water‐sprayed (control) plants, both in the mesh house choice and no‐choice tests and in field plots sprayed at 2‐weekly intervals and exposed to natural populations of Helicoverpu spp. The deterrent effect on oviposition by EnvirofeastO spray in the mesh house was greater on H. punctigeru than H. urmigeru, but this effect was partially offset by increased H. urmigeru infestations in the field. This was evident during the 1992‐93 and 1993‐94 field trials at Norwood when the number of eggs laid on EnvirofeastO treated plots was significantly lower than any other treatments tested up to the peak of oviposition in February when the moth populations were dominantly H. urmigeru. Despite the species difference in response, the study demonstrates oviposition deterrence by the EnvirofeastO of Helicoverpu spp. on cotton and this indicates that Envirofeastm may be used in an integrated approach in cotton systems to reduce Helicoverpu spp. numbers. This effect could modify the predator to prey ratios so as to enhance levels of biological control.
Book Review
Authors: GOODWIN STEPHEN
Published: April 2007

Thrips biology and management. Edited by Bruce L. Parker, Margaret Skinner and Trevor Lewis