bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Saudi EFL Students’ Personality Types and Their Language Learning Strategies
Authors: Al-Dail Hanan K, , Freahat Nasser M,
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between personality types and English language learning strategies, and to examine the pattern of English language learning strategies used by Saudi EFL university students. The sample of the study consisted of 68 EFL female students in the English department at Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU). Two instruments were used to collect the data; Oxford’s (1990) Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). The findings indicated that the participants were medium-high range strategy users and that the most frequently used strategy category among the six categories is metacognitive strategies followed by cognitive strategies, compensation strategies, social strategies, memory strategies, and finally, affective strategies. The observations indicated that there were some significant differences among students’ language learning strategy preferences based on their personality type. However, the relationship between the two variables is more complex and by no means direct and the reason was discussed in the research.
La responsabilidad del Estado legislador y su subordinación a los efectos temporales de las sentencias de la Corte Constitucional
Authors: Ulrich Astaiza William
Published: June 2019

El presente artículo propone observar las dificultades que giran en torno a la responsabilidad del Estado por el hecho del legislador y cómo, mediante los efectos moduladores temporales de las sentencias de la Corte Constitucional (Ex tunc y Ex nunc), se ha llegado a una situación donde se ve en riesgo la aplicación de lo establecido en la cláusula general de responsabilidad. En efecto, no podrá hablarse de responsabilidad del Estado si no existe el binomio inexequibilidad-efectos moduladores retroactivos, creándose así un requisito que no exige la carta.
La doble dimensión del derecho de autor: el acceso a la cultura y los derechos de autor
Authors: Álvarez Valenzuela Daniel , Correa Pérez Marco
Published: June 2019

El presente artículo tiene por objeto describir y analizar el derecho de autor como un derecho humano de doble dimensión que comprende tanto el derecho de acceso a la cultura como el derecho de autor propiamente tal. Para ello, primero se identifican y caracterizan los denominados derechos culturales, para luego describir el derecho de acceso a la cultura como derecho cultural. Enseguida, se propone la doble dimensión del derecho de autor como forma correcta de interpretar las obligaciones de los instrumentos internacionales sobre derechos humanos en esta materia, y se examinan los límites internos que moldean el alcance y efectos de estos derechos.
La economía creativa como ecosistema de innovación. Caso salvadoreño
Authors: Meyer Claudia Reneé , Cuchillac Víctor Miguel
Published: May 2019

Los ecosistemas de innovación se han convertido en las nuevas estructuras de organización e interrelación entre varios actores, para impulsar el emprendimiento y la innovación como sectores productivos no tradicionales. En ese sentido la emergente Economía creativa permite la comercialización de bienes y servicios derivados de las ideas y las actividades culturales (como son las tradiciones y las expresiones artísticas), siendo esto una oportunidad para mucho profesional recién graduado y emprendedor de incorporarse o crear actividades productivas, tal como se aborda de manera sucinta los casos de éxito en México y Colombia.Debido a la ausencia y poca información en El salvador sobre el estado y la tendencia de la economía creativa, con este trabajo se buscar aportar en la epistemología e importancia de la implementación de los ecosistemas de innovación, y recopilar información de primera fuente del estado de la economía creativa; en especial, las acciones de los actores más relevantes de dicho esquema. Además, como parte de la metodología empleada para recabar las percepciones, experiencias, necesidades y los retos salvadoreños, se realizaron entrevistas a dos tipos diferentes de emprendimiento (una empresa con mayor tiempo de operación y personal, y una startup).
Academic Press and Student Engagement: Can Academic Psychological Capital Intervene? Test of a Mediated Model on Business Graduates
Authors: Fati Meryem , Ahmed Umair , Umrani Waheed Ali , Zaman Fazluz
Published: May 2019

Psychological wellbeing has gained much prominence over the recent years. Parallel to organizational domains, empirical attention is also being paid across the academics as well. The present study attempted to examine the much important role and relationship between academic press and student engagement and to what length academic psychological capital can potentially mediate in the relationship. A total of 371 undergraduate students were sampled for the present study from a private university in Bahrain. Through using structural equation modelling using Smart PLS 3 the results of the mediated model reported significant relationship between academic press and academic psychological capital (i-e academic efficacy and resilience). Though the study did not find any support for academic press and student engagement relationship, nonetheless, found a significant mediation of academic psychological capital in the relationship between academic press and student engagement. The findings have suggested that students’ perceptions about how much their teacher presses them to do thoughtful work, facilitation in explaining and motivating for full efforts can act as a key ingredient for nurturing students` connectivity with the studies in general and views about their own learning. Accordingly, the study has also underlined that students with positive academic press from their teachers tend to be higher in engagement due to enhanced efficacy and resilience. The present study has attempted to address a major research gap with acute empirical findings for academicians to enhance their students` wellbeing.
A Tiny Comment to Utilizing Religious Sources to Create Environment Friendly Citizens
Authors: Yildiz Yunus
Published: May 2019

The world's assets are lessening and nature is in retreat. In less than a century, human populace and its needs for space, materials, merchandise, and conveniences have enlarged more than four times. Some of the environment spoiling problems are to remember: the over-cut of woods, depleting of wetlands, spread of horticultural advancement and high rates of pesticide and compost use, the spread of wild nuisances, unplanned clearing of forest for household stock, urbanization of foreshores, and the contamination of streams and estuaries. All these natural harms are caused because of thoughtless human works. Knowing these, issues about environmental cleaning, protecting the environment, to prevent damage to the ecological balance and such issues have been being mentioned and emphasized too often in media outlets in the last two decades. In order to implement these highlighted issues in society, foundations and associations are formed. These organizations foster to set up various activities to intensify people’s attention to the subject and create environmental awareness among public.

Herewith, so many dynamics can be utilized to motivate people to be well and responsible in life. Among the dynamics, one of the most important factors that motivates people at ease is religion. Benefiting from religious motivation or sources while changing people's habits or perceptions can be a good solution in shaping conscious citizens. Moreover, to make people more sensitive about these issues and more addicted to their responsibilities, religions’ effect is inevitable. In this article, the researcher points out that with the aid of diversity and complexity of religious sources, better environment friendly citizens may appear in the society.
Backward Stochastic Volterra Integral Equations With Non-Lipschitz Time Delayed Generators
Authors: Coulibaly Harouna , Aman Auguste
Published: June 2019

In this note, we derive existence and uniqueness results for backward stochastic Volterra integral equations with time delayed generators under non-Lipschitz condition.
The Relationship between Foreign Direct Investment and Inflation: Econometric Analysis and Forecasts in the Case of Sri Lanka
Authors: Mustafa A. M. M.
Published: May 2019

There are several reasons why the dynamic interaction between FDI and inflation must be studied. First, Foreign Direct Investment is found as one of the important determinants of the process of economic growth and development of Sri Lanka. Therefore, the literature empirically examining the causal relationship between the inflation and FDI is significant because the rate of high inflation affects the inflows of FDI inflows into the economy of Sri Lanka and slows down the process of economic growth and development. The main objective of this study is to examine the linkages between FDI and inflation in Sri Lanka for the time periods from year 1978 to year 2017. The dependent variable of the model used in this study is Inflation and the independent variable of the model is FDI (Foreign Direct Investment). The data used in the model are the annual time series collected from Annual Report of Central Bank of Sri Lanka. The tools to analyze the data are graphical representation, Johansen Co-integration test, simple regression model, Residual Analysis, Stability Test, and Granger Causality Test. A long run relationship is found between the variables. The dependent variable: INF – Inflation is inversely related with the independent variable: FDI – Foreign Direct Investment. One-way causal relationship from FDI to INF is ensured. The forecast sample is ranged from 2009 to 2017. The simple regression model affirms the significant impacts of the FDI – Foreign Direct Investment on the INF – Inflation. The forecasting model derived from the simple regression model is rather incompatible to forecast the value of dependent variable (Inflation).
COMPARISON OF MANAGEMENT INTENSIFICATION TENDENCIES OF GROUPS OF FARMS OF DIFFERENT PRODUCTION PROFILES
Authors: Kopiński Jerzy , Berbeć Adam , Markowski Andrzej
Published: June 2019

The study compares the trends of changes in the intensity of management (direct costs incurred) in relation to changes in the value of production in groups of farms with different production profiles. The basis for comparative analysis were the results of surveys conducted in 2004-2017, in several dozen large, market-oriented farms. The specific structure of gross commodity production was the main criterion for the division of farms into groups. The analysis showed that in all groups, production intensification, justified by economic results (without subsidies or direct payments) (type I), was effective and based on current prices. The most intensive production, in terms of incurred costs as well as land productivity and labor productivity, was carried out on pig farms – farm type least dependent on available land resources. Direct costs incurred in this group of farms were (in relation to 1 ha of AL) about three times higher than the average in other groups. Also, the highest increase in gross margin without additional payments was observed in this group.
Is Cardiac Remote Ischemic Preconditioning (RIPC) More Beneficial in Patients with Diabetes to Reduce Cardiac Troponin I After Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)?
Authors: Farshidi Hossein , Paskhandi Shoeib , Abbaszadeh Shahin
Published: June 2019

Background: Intervention of choice for reperfusion is percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), but it may have side effects; one of which is myocardial injury. Cardiac remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) can potentially reduce these adverse effects, especially in patients with cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: This study received ethics approval on November 29, 2017 (ethics code: HUMS.REC.1396.93; IRCT code: IRCT20180306038978N1). It was performed on 240 patients (120 cases in the RIPC group and 120 cases in the control group). The patients undergoing PCI were randomly assigned to the RIPC group (blood pressure cuff was inflated up to 200 mmHg for 30 minutes on the non-dominant arm, and then deflated for 5 minutes (reperfusion); it was repeated 2 more times (3 times in general) or the control group (an uninflated cuff around the non-dominant arm). Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) was compared between the healthy controls and diabetic patients before and after PCI. Results: No significant difference was observed with regard to positive cTnI (P = 0.136). Positive cTnI was insignificantly higher in the control group compared to the intervention group. However, the frequency of positive cTnI was significantly lower in diabetic patients in the RIPC group compared to the controls (P < 0.001). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that RIPC is beneficial in diabetic patients and reduces the release of cTnI after elective PCI in these patients.
Projeto Horta Viva na escola
Authors: Anschau Jaqueline Rambo , Dolianitis Bianca Motta , Pagliarin Gabriel Cogo , Zappe Janessa Aline , Moraes Rosana Santos de , Frescura Viviane Dal-Souto
Published: June 2019

A presença de hortas nas escolas é cada vez mais incomum devido à grande facilidade e praticidade do uso de produtos industrializados para alimentação dos alunos, o que acarreta na desvalorização dos alimentos naturais e no desinteresse crescente das crianças por usar vegetais na alimentação. No entanto, o uso de vegetais é de grande importância para o desenvolvimento nutricional das crianças que se encontram em fase de crescimento. Portanto, com o presente trabalho, objetivou-se implantar hortas em escolas de Educação Infantil, Ensino Fundamental e Ensino Médio. Durante o ano de 2017 o projeto foi desenvolvido em quatro escolas, em diferentes localidades, em Novo Cabrais, Cachoeira do Sul e Santiago, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Foi realizada uma palestra informativa tratando de informações sobre o preparo das hortas e importância do consumo de alimentos saudáveis. Ao final do desenvolvimento do projeto, foi possível observar o quanto foi satisfatório e relevante para cada um dos alunos, independente da idade, ajudar no plantio das mudas, poder observar o crescimento e desenvolvimento de cada planta.
Processos metodológicos para o estudo da caminhabilidade em Cachoeira do Sul mediante a técnica Best-Worst Scaling
Authors: Oestreich Letícia , Lemes Jean Augusto , Torres Tânia Batistela , Pereira Brenda Medeiros , Ruiz-Padillo Alejandro
Published: June 2019

As cidades enfrentam cada vez mais problemas na mobilidade urbana, estudos sobre a influência dos transportes na promoção da qualidade de vida servem como importantes instrumentos para tomadores de decisão para o planejamento urbano. Neste contexto, pesquisas para a identificação de características que tornam uma cidade mais caminhável são ferramentas auxiliares na projeção de ambientes mais sustentáveis, seguros, saudáveis, acessíveis e agradáveis. Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar os processos metodológicos utilizados para a elaboração do instrumento de pesquisa necessário para a futura aplicação da técnica best-worst scaling que, no estudo da caminhabilidade (em inglês walkability), permite a determinação das características mais importantes para a promoção da caminhada no caso de uma cidade brasileira, interiorizada, de porte médio. Entre as etapas metodológicas apresentadas se encontram: os métodos de distribuição geoespacial e caracterização dos bairros da cidade de estudo, estratificação da amostra e cálculo amostral, variáveis consideradas para análise, coleta de dados e estruturação do questionário de caminhabilidade.
Floatainer, plataforma modular flutuante: proposta ao concurso UnBox 2017
Authors: Marin Marcele , Ivanov André Boeira , Gonçalves Carlos Alexandre de Souza , Brito Samuel Silva de
Published: June 2019

Este trabalho apresenta os desafios da proposta projetual recentemente realizada por alunos do Curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria do Campus de Cachoeira do Sul em um concurso internacional de arquitetura e design promovido pelo portal Volume Zero, que, através do concurso “UnBox 2017”, propunha formas de repensar criativamente o descarte de contêineres no mundo contemporâneo. O resultado final obtido foi dotado de significativo valor arquitetônico, em especial devido à flexibilidade de seu programa de necessidades e de seu local de implantação. Sua maior contribuição se dá através dos valores ambientais, sociais e economicamente sustentáveis, evidenciado por sua materialidade composta majoritariamente por elementos reutilizados: contêineres e tambores plásticos. Outro fator relevante foi o conhecimento resultante da experiência oferecida aos acadêmicos por meio da participação em concurso internacional de arquitetura e design. Por conseguinte, considera-se totalmente positiva a prática de participação em competições que estimulem a criatividade, a inovação e a busca por ferramentas ao desenvolvimento sustentável.
A horta como laboratório vivo para trabalhar a interdisciplinaridade no ensino médio
Authors: Leal Marisa Menezes , Moraes Rosana Santos de , Dolianitis Bianca Motta , Pagliarin Gabriel Cogo , Anschau Jaqueline Rambo , Zappe Janessa Aline , Frescura Viviane Dal-Souto
Published: June 2019

Atualmente a educação passa por um processo de reestruturação e a interdisciplinaridade é fundamental para minimizar os limites existentes entre as disciplinas do Ensino Médio. A origem da interdisciplinaridade está nas transformações dos modos de produzir a ciência e de perceber a realidade. Nesse sentido, a horta escolar pode ser um meio de relacionar os conhecimentos das diversas disciplinas. Com este trabalho de extensão objetivou-se implantar uma horta na Escola Estadual de Ensino Médio Ruy Barbosa, no município de Novo Cabrais - RS, com a finalidade de promover ações interdisciplinares. Antes da implantação da horta foi realizada palestra direcionada aos alunos e professores. Foi escolhido um local ocioso e com potencial para o cultivo de hortaliças, onde foi implantada a horta. Foram cultivadas alface, rúcula, tomate, mandioca, beterraba, batata-doce, milho pipoca, feijão, moranga japonesa, funcho, abóbora, rabanete e almeirão, dentre outras espécies. Dentre as atividades interdisciplinares para serem trabalhadas no Ensino Médio destacam-se o cálculo da produção total de cada espécie cultivada na horta, estudo dos centros de origem de cada espécie, nomes científicos das espécies cultivadas, uso de inseticidas naturais e adubo orgânico, povos de diferentes regiões que utilizam as espécies cultivadas na alimentação e/ou como plantas medicinais.
Embriaguez, aprendizagem, performance, prazer
Authors: Borba Carla Dias de
Published: June 2019

O presente artigo/conferência apresenta um relato sobre a performance 7 Cabeças e suas reverberações no âmbito da pesquisa acadêmica em artes visuais. Tendo em vista o caráter múltiplo da performance 7 Cabeças, quanto jogo, plataforma de conhecimento, processo de partilha, sistema de aprendizagem, mesa de bar, metodologia, encruzilhada e manifesto feminista o texto revela a fala dionisíaca de uma artista a respeito da embriaguez e do prazer de estar em colaboração com mulheres em estado de performance.
Effects of Different Surface Treatments on the Bond Strength of CAD/CAM Resin Nano Ceramic or Ceromer to Resin Cement
Authors: ATAY Ayse , SAGIRKAYA Elcin
Published: May 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different surface treatments on the micro-tensile bond strength (MTBS) of two different indirect restoration materials (resin nano ceramic CAD/CAM material [Lava Ultimate, 3M ESPE]; ceromer material [Estenia C&B, Kuraray Medical]). Materials and Methods: Specimens were prepared from each test material in dimensions of 3×10×10 mm. The specimens were divided into five different surface treatment groups: group 1 (control [C]), no treatment; group 2 (acid etching [A]); group 3 (acid etching + universal adhesive [AA]); group 4 (sandblasting [S]); and group 5 (sandblasting + universal adhesive [SA]). The prepared specimens were cemented to composite parts (Filtek Z250 Universal Restorative, 3M ESPE) of the same size using dual-cure adhesive resin cement (Panavia F2.0, Kuraray Medical). A total, 100 bar-shaped specimens (6×1×1 mm) were cut using a low-speed diamond saw (n=10 in each group). The MTBS test was performed in all groups (Shimadzu AG-50 kNG, Kyoto, Japan, 1 mm/min). Data were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s multiple comparison tests at a significance level of p<0.05. Results: The MTBS values were significantly influenced by the type of restorative material and surface treatment (p<0.05). There were statistically significant differences between the materials and surface treatments procedures (p<0.05). For Lava Ultimate and Estenia C&B materials, the highest MTBS value was obtained in the SA surface treatment (p<0.05) and the lowest MTBS value was obtained in the control groups (p<0.05). Conclusions: The application of silane-containing universal adhesive material after sandblasting was the ideal surface treatment for both materials.
Modern Web Event 2018
Authors: Córcoles Briongos César Pablo
Published: June 2019

Modern Web Event es un evento gratuito y sin ánimo de lucro, enfocado a todos aquellos que quieran aprender sobre las nuevas tecnologías web, de la mano de profesionales apasionados por compartir conocimiento en comunidad. La edición de 2018 se celebró el día 13 de noviembre en Barcelona, y pudimos contar con cuatro fantásticas charlas que os traemos ahora en vídeo.
Spray-dried immobilized lipase fromGeobacillussp. strain ARM in sago
Authors: Mohtar Nur Syazwani , Abdul Rahman Mohd Basyaruddin , Mustafa Shuhaimi , Mohamad Ali Mohd Shukuri , Raja Abd. Rahman Raja Noor Zaliha
Published: May 2019

Sago starch is traditionally used as food especially in Southeast Asia. Generally, sago is safe for consumption, biodegradable, easily available and inexpensive. Therefore, this research was done to expand the potential of sago by using it as a support for enzyme immobilization. In this study, ARM lipase, which was isolated fromGeobacillussp. strain ARM, was overexpressed inEscherichia colisystem and then purified using affinity chromatography. The specific activity of the pure enzyme was 650 U/mg, increased 7 folds from the cell lysate. The purified enzyme was immobilized in gelatinized sago and spray-dried by entrapment technique in order to enhance the enzyme operational stability for handling at high temperature and also for storage. The morphology of the gelatinized sago and immobilized enzyme was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the spray-dried gelatinized sago was shrunken and became irregular in structure as compared to untreated sago powder. The surface areas and porosities of spray-dried gelatinized sago with and without the enzyme were analyzed using BET and BJH method and have shown an increase in surface area and decrease in pore size. The immobilized ARM lipase showed good performance at 60–80  °C, with a half-life of 4 h and in a pH range 6–9. The immobilized enzyme could be stored at 10 °C with the half-life for 9 months. Collectively, the spray-dried immobilized lipase shows promising capability for industrial uses, especially in food processing.
On Some Inequalities for the Chaudhry-Zubair Extension of the Gamma Function
Authors: Atugba Monica Atogpelge , Nantomah Kwara
Published: June 2019

By applying the classical Holder's inequality, Young's inequality, Minkowski's inequality and some other analytical tools, we establish some inequalities involving the Chaudhry-Zubair extension of the gamma function. The established results serve as generalizations of some known results in the literature.
The Effectiveness of Trichoderma spp. against Downy Mildew Disease of Corn
Authors: Prasetyo Joko , . Sudiono , Ginting Cipta , Permatasari Yulia Citra
Published: May 2019

Introduction: One of environmentally friendly method for controlling plant diseases is the use of Trichoderma spp. as a natural controlling agent.

Objectives: The objective of this research was to find out the effectiveness of Trichoderma spp. against downy mildew disease.

Methodology: This research was conducted in the Plant Pest and Disease Laboratory in the Plant Protection Department of Faculty of Agriculture in Lampung University. This research used completely randomized design consisting without treatment (0), Trichoderma spp. Gading Rejo Region (GDR) isolate (1) Trichoderma spp. Nusantara Tropical Farm (NTF) isolate (2), and Trichoderma spp. Trimurjo (TRJ) isolate (3) treatments which were applied to the plant growing points as fungicide (B) and as inducer of plant resistance to be applied in the plant roots (P).

Results: The research results showed that the Trichoderma spp. treatments could reduce the disease occurrence at 4 and 5 days after inoculation, but they could not reduce the disease severity and improve stover dry weight of corn plant.

Conclusion: The Trichoderma spp. Treatment as biofungicide and plant resistance inducer are effective against the incubation period and suppress the disease occurrence of downy mildew disease significantly at the early course of the disease.
RNA Interference: A Versatile Tool for Functional Genomics and Unraveling the Genes Required for Viral Disease Resistance in Plants
Authors: Ranjan Tushar , Kumari Namaste , Sahni Sangita , Prasad Bishun Deo
Published: June 2019

Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a powerful reverse genetics technology used to unravel the functions of genes. It uses viruses as vectors to carry targeted plant genes. The virus vector is used to induce RNA-mediated silencing of a gene or genes in the host plant. The process of silencing is triggered by dsRNA molecules, the mechanism is explained in this chapter. Over the years a large number of viruses have been modified for use as VIGS vectors and a list of these vectors is also included. As the name suggests, virus-induced gene silencing uses the host plant’s natural defense mechanisms against viral infection to silence plant genes. VIGS is methodologically simple and is widely used to determine gene functions, including disease resistance, abiotic stress, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and signal transduction pathways. Here, we made an attempt to describe the basic underlying molecular mechanism of VIGS, the methodology and various experimental requirements, as well as its advantages and disadvantages. Finally, we discuss the future prospects of VIGS in relation to CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Besides using it to overexpress or silence genes, VIGS has emerged as the preferred delivery system for the cutting edge CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology.
The Influence of Microstructural Anisotropy on the Formation of Adiabatic Shearing Bands in Extruded 7003 Aluminum Alloy Profiles During High Strain Rate Impaction
Authors: Wu Xiaodong , He Hong , Zhang Long , Li Luoxing , Xu Congchang , Liu Wenhui
Published: May 2019

The plastic deformation behavior of the extruded 7003‐T6 aluminum profiles during high strain rate impaction is investigated. The effect of the microstructural anisotropy on the formation of adiabatic shearing bands and related mechanisms are analyzed. The results show that the flow stress is much higher when the impaction is parallel to the extrusion direction. This is caused by strong texture existed in the raw profiles. The maximum Schmid factor for all the slip systems is much lower when the loading direction is parallel to this direction. Higher flow stress results in lower energy barrier for shear localization. Therefore, the formation of adiabatic shearing bands is susceptible when the impaction is parallel to the extrusion direction, but is not sensitive when the impaction is perpendicular to the extrusion direction. When the impaction is perpendicular to the extrusion direction, there are more flow path for the deformation which inhibits the initiation of the adiabatic shearing bands. Through finite element simulation, the deformation process is successfully simulated. This study provides important designing guidance for the application of such profiles.
Energy Filtering of Charge Carriers: Current Trends, Challenges, and Prospects for Thermoelectric Materials
Authors: Gayner Chhatrasal , Amouyal Yaron
Published: May 2019

Exhaustive attempts are made in recent decades to improve the performance of thermoelectric materials that are utilized for waste heat‐to‐electricity conversion. Energy filtering of charge carriers is directed toward enhancing the material thermopower. This paper focuses on the theoretical concepts, experimental evidence, and the authors' view of energy filtering in the context of thermoelectric materials. Recent studies suggest that not all materials experience this effect with the same intensity. Although this effect theoretically demonstrates improvement of the thermopower, applying it poses certain constraints, which demands further research. Predicated on data documented in literature, the unusual dependence of the thermopower and conductivity upon charge carrier concentrations can be altered through the energy filtering approach. Upon surmounting the physical constraints discussed in this article, thermoelectric materials research may gain a new direction to enhance the power factor and thermoelectric figure of merit.
Tuning Solute‐Redistribution Dynamics for Scalable Fabrication of Colloidal Quantum‐Dot Optoelectronics
Authors: Choi Min‐Jae , Kim YongJoo , Lim Hunhee , Alarousu Erkki , Adhikari Aniruddha , Shaheen Basamat S. , Kim Yong Ho , Mohammed Omar F. , Sargent Edward. H. , Kim Jin Young , Jung Yeon Sik
Published: May 2019

Solution‐processed colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are attractive materials for the realization of low‐cost and efficient optoelectronic devices. Although impressive CQD‐solar‐cell performance has been achieved, the fabrication of CQD films is still limited to laboratory‐scale small areas because of the complicated deposition of CQD inks. Large‐area, uniform deposition of lead sulfide (PbS) CQD inks is successfully realized for photovoltaic device applications by engineering the solute redistribution of CQD droplets. It is shown experimentally and theoretically that the solute‐redistribution dynamics of CQD droplets are highly dependent on the movement of the contact line and on the evaporation kinetics of the solvent. By lowering the friction constant of the contact line and increasing the evaporation rate of the droplets, a uniform deposition of CQD ink in length and width over large areas is realized. By utilizing a spray‐coating process, large‐area (up to 100 cm2) CQD films are fabricated with 3–7% thickness variation on various substrates including glass, indium tin oxide glass, and polyethylene terephthalate. Furthermore, scalable fabrication of CQD solar cells is demonstrated with 100 cm2 CQD films which exhibits a notably high efficiency of 8.10%.
Nanoparticle Characterization: What to Measure?
Authors: Modena Mario M. , Rühle Bastian , Burg Thomas P. , Wuttke Stefan
Published: May 2019

What to measure? is a key question in nanoscience, and it is not straightforward to address as different physicochemical properties define a nanoparticle sample. Most prominent among these properties are size, shape, surface charge, and porosity. Today researchers have an unprecedented variety of measurement techniques at their disposal to assign precise numerical values to those parameters. However, methods based on different physical principles probe different aspects, not only of the particles themselves, but also of their preparation history and their environment at the time of measurement. Understanding these connections can be of great value for interpreting characterization results and ultimately controlling the nanoparticle structure–function relationship. Here, the current techniques that enable the precise measurement of these fundamental nanoparticle properties are presented and their practical advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Some recommendations of how the physicochemical parameters of nanoparticles should be investigated and how to fully characterize these properties in different environments according to the intended nanoparticle use are proposed. The intention is to improve comparability of nanoparticle properties and performance to ensure the successful transfer of scientific knowledge to industrial real‐world applications.
YSZ Hollow Sphere Photonic Glasses: Tailoring Optical Properties for Highly Saturated Non‐Iridescent Structural Coloration
Authors: Häntsch Yen , Shang Guoliang , Petrov Alexander , Eich Manfred , Schneider Gerold A.
Published: May 2019

Non‐iridescent structural colors can be obtained by the disordered arrangement of monodisperse spheres, a so‐called photonic glass (PhG), in which the structure is designed to reflect or transmit light at specific wavelengths depending on the desired color. PhGs are possible alternatives for conventional pigments due to their wide viewing angle, stability against photobleaching, and environment‐friendly fabrication. However, structural colors generated by common full‐sphere PhGs reported in the literature show only low saturation. The recently developed PhG structure based on yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) hollow spheres displays highly saturated blue structural color for tailored parameters. In this case, structural color originates from a sharp transition in the reflection spectrum generated by the specific design of the YSZ hollow sphere PhG fabricated via co‐deposition. Here, a systematic study of the parameters resulting in highly saturated structural color, namely YSZ shell thickness, pore size, and film thickness, is presented. This work shows that by tailoring these parameters, the sharpness, spectral position, and reflectance of the transition can be tuned individually. Based on the gained knowledge, YSZ hollow sphere PhG with tailored optical properties can be easily fabricated.
Thermodynamic analysis of phase equilibrium and surface tension of ternary polymer solutions
Authors: Yang Han Earl , Bae Young Chan
Published: May 2019

The liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) and surface behavior of polymer solutions were investigated. Systems of poly vinyl methyl ether (PVME)/water and polystyrene (PS)/cyclohexane were chosen as model systems because they show different types of LLE and surface behavior. Ternary polymer solutions of PVME/water/alcohol and PS/cyclohexane/alcohol were also studied. The cloud points of given systems were determined by thermo‐optical analysis method. For surface tension measurements at the air/polymer solution interface, the well‐known plate method was utilized. The investigated polymer solutions exhibit various types of LLE and surface behavior depending on the type of solvent and temperature. The modified double lattice model with chain length dependence is used for description of the phase equilibrium. To improve the interpretation of the surface behavior of the polymer solution, we developed a new thermodynamic frame work based on density gradient theory. Thermodynamic analysis was also conducted using the proposed model to provide understanding of the surface behavior. The surface energy difference and interchange energy had an important role in the driving force of the surface behavior. Utilizing the predetermined model parameters from the phase equilibrium calculation, the proposed model provides satisfactory agreement with measured surface tension data, with less than 5% error.
Divinyl‐terminated polysiloxane as an effective polyacrylates modifier for pigment printing: A study with different molecular weights and quantities
Authors: Zhang Qipeng , Wu Minghua
Published: May 2019

Polyacrylates binder is used as an environmental approach for pigment printing. However, the poor water resistance and abrasive resistance of it makes this technique limited. In this study, divinyl‐terminated polysiloxane (Divi‐PDMS) had been used to modify polyacrylates by miniemulsion polymerization. The conversion and coagulation of miniemulsion polymerization were evaluated by gravimetry method, the colloid properties of prepared latexes were obtained and the structures were confirmed by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy and NMR. Surface properties of latex films were investigated in terms of dynamic water contact angle, water absorption, and mechanical tensile properties. The results show that the polymerization has good stability, and the product has good phase separation of polysiloxane, which results in increased hydrophobicity and toughness of the film. The film with low‐molecular weight and 8% dosage of Divi‐PDMS has better hydrophobicity and toughness. The product is applied to pigment printing with better wet rubbing fastness and soft handle compared with the unmodified binder. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47961.
International policy coordination for blockchain supply chains
Authors: Allen Darcy W.E. , Berg Chris , Davidson Sinclair , Novak Mikayla , Potts Jason
Published: May 2019

From the adoption of the shipping container to coordinated trade liberalization, reductions in trade costs have propelled modern globalization. In this paper, we analyse the application of blockchain to reduce the trade costs of producing and coordinating trusted information along supply chains. Consumers, producers, and governments increasingly demand information about the quality, characteristics, and provenance of traded goods. Partially due to the risks of error and fraud, this information is costly to produce and to maintain between dispersed parties. Recent efforts have sought to overcome these costs—such as paperless trade agendas—through the application of new technologies. Our focus is on how blockchain technology can form a new decentralized economic infrastructure for supply chains by governing decentralized dynamic ledgers of information about goods as they move. We outline the potential economic consequences of blockchain supply chains before examining policy. Effective adoption faces a range of policy challenges including regulatory recognition and interoperability across jurisdictions. We propose a high‐level policy forum in the Asia‐Pacific region to coordinate issues such as open standards and regulatory compatibility.
How deforestation drives stream habitat changes and the functional structure of fish assemblages in different tropical regions
Authors: Zeni Jaquelini O. , Pérez‐Mayorga María Angélica , Roa‐Fuentes Camilo A. , Brejão Gabriel L. , Casatti Lilian
Published: May 2019

Deforestation can modify stream habitat and the functional structure of fish assemblages. The aims of this study were (a) to identify whether deforestation has a similar effect on local habitats from two biogeographically distinct river basins in a tropical region; (b) to identify how fish trait–habitat relationships were influenced by deforestation; and (c) to compare functional redundancy patterns in these basins.

Environmental and biological variables were obtained for 160 stream reaches, 85 located in the Alto Paraná River basin and 75 in the Machado River basin. Traits were associated with body size, habitat preference, food items and foraging period. Linear models were constructed to verify the environmental convergence of habitats across streams from the Alto Paraná and the Machado basins. An RLQ and a fourth‐corner analysis were conducted to investigate how deforestation affected habitat variables and trait–habitat relationships. The nearest relative index (NRI) was used as a functional redundancy measure.

Deforestation led to a similar habitat gradient from streams with a higher proportion of coarse roots in more forested catchments to streams with streamside grasses, bare soil and unconsolidated substrate in more deforested catchments; however, a general pattern of fish trait–habitat relationships was not identified across basins. Functional redundancy was associated with a long history of habitat loss in the Alto Paraná streams, whereas functional complementarity was related to more recent and less intense habitat loss in Machado streams.

We believe that differences in regional species pools and historical processes between the basins influenced the fish functional responses to deforestation. Nevertheless, the results highlighted the importance of stream habitat heterogeneity and the presence of preserved forest fragments in a region to prevent the loss of unique traits. Decision‐makers should therefore maintain large forest fragments and restore riparian forests to preserve stream habitat and the functional structure of fish assemblages.
State feedback control design to avoid players going bankrupt
Authors: Deng Lei , Fu Shihua , Zhu Peiyong
Published: May 2019

This paper investigates the state feedback control design problem to avoid players going bankrupt for a class of networked evolutionary games. First, an algebraic expression is formulated for the given networked evolutionary games by using the semi‐tensor product of matrices. Then, based on the algebraic form, a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of state feedback control, which can guarantee that no players will go bankrupt, is presented. Finally, an illustrative example demonstrates the effectiveness of the obtained results.
Autonomy matters: Insights from U.S. water utility managers on governance structure
Authors: Biddle Jennifer C. , Baehler Karen J.
Published: May 2019

Organizational autonomy and insulation from political interference were cited as key attributes of governance influencing managers' perceptions of utility performance according to 22 U.S. water utility managers. The further removed from direct management by local government, the more likely utilities were to experiment with true‐cost pricing and innovative management strategies that may lead to improved whole‐system performance. In addition, findings from this qualitative study support claims made by water sector professionals of the growing need for a shift in water utility governance systems to adapt to changing conditions and better respond to stressors and shocks. This research is part of a larger study that seeks to contribute to our understanding of which governance features are important for improving water utility sustainability. It also raises important questions for further research into the linkages between governance structure, larger sociopolitical factors, and water system performance.
Erhöhung der Sicherheit und Energieeinsparung in Tunnelbauwerken durch Optimierung der Materialauswahl von Fahrbahndecken
Authors: Krispel Stefan , Peyerl Martin , Maier Gerald
Published: May 2019

Dauerhaftigkeit und Langlebigkeit von Fahrbahndecken aus Beton sind allgemein bekannt. Aufgrund dieser Eigenschaften ist, bei Beachtung der wesentlichen Konstruktions‐ und Herstellungsprinzipien, der Instandhaltungs‐ bzw. Instandsetzungsbedarf sehr stark reduziert. Dies führt zur Vermeidung von Verkehrsstörungen bzw. Verkehrsstaus und deren Folgekosten. Daneben existieren noch weitere positive Eigenschaften des Betons, welche sich über die gesamte Nutzungsdauer der Betondecke verstärkt auswirken, jedoch weniger bekannt sind. Dies wären u. a. der geringere Kraftstoffbedarf (und damit verbunden eine Reduktion der CO2‐Belastung) von Lastkraftwagen aufgrund der nicht verformbaren Betondecke, die Aufnahme und Speicherung von CO2 im erhärteten Beton und Vorteile infolge der hellen Oberflächen des Baustoffs. Ein Forschungsprojekt der Smart Minerals GmbH beschäftigt sich mit dem Aspekt der Helligkeit des Werkstoffs Beton in Fahrbahndecken von Tunnelbauwerken. Durch die guten lichttechnischen Eigenschaften des Betons und die daraus resultierende erhöhte Helligkeit von Fahrbahn und Tunnelwand lässt sich das subjektive Sicherheitsgefühl der Verkehrsteilnehmer erhöhen und der für eine adäquate Beleuchtung notwendige Energieaufwand beträchtlich senken. Um die geforderte Leuchtdichte der Fahrbahn sicherzustellen, benötigen Betonfahrbahnen weitaus geringere Lampenleistungen. Dabei kann theoretisch die Lampenleistung gegenüber Asphaltbelägen um zwei Drittel reduziert werden.
The impact of the Prevent duty on schools: A review of the evidence
Authors: Jerome Lee , Elwick Alex , Kazim Raza
Published: May 2019

The UK has emerged as an influential global player in developing policy to counter violent extremism, and therefore it is important to consider the emerging evidence about the impact of this policy in education. The Prevent duty came into force in the UK in 2015, placing a legal responsibility on schools and teachers to implement anti‐terrorist legislation and prevent young people from being drawn into extremism or radicalisation. This article reviews all of the material based on empirical studies in England involving school teachers and students published between 2015 (when the duty was introduced) and the beginning of 2019 (27 articles and reports in total), to consider the impact of the policy on schools. The key themes emerging from our analysis of this evidence base are related to (1) the ways the policy is interpreted within Islamophobic discourses, (2) the emergence of Britishness as a key feature of fundamental British values and (3) the implications of framing Prevent as a safeguarding issue. We argue that the evidence gives support to those who have been critical of the Prevent duty in schools, and that it seems to be generating a number of unintended and negative side‐effects. However, the evidence also illustrates how teachers have agency in relation to the policy, and may thus be able to enact the policy in ways which reduce some of the most harmful effects.
Determination of hydroxybupropion in human serum for routine therapeutic drug monitoring in psychiatry: A tool for dose‐individualization in treatment with bupropion
Authors: Scherf‐Clavel Maike , Wahl Oliver , Menke Andreas , Unterecker Stefan
Published: May 2019

Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) has become a clinical routine in psychiatry. Nevertheless, for bupropion there is only one method available that is suitable for routine use. However, it involves a complex sample clean‐up. Owing to the instability of bupropion in serum, the main and active metabolite hydroxybupropion was chosen as the target substance. Therefore, a simple and robust high‐performance liquid chromatography method for the quantification of hydroxybupropion in serum was developed and validated. A volume of 30 μL serum was used for easy sample clean‐up, based on protein precipitation with acetonitrile followed by online solid‐phase extraction. As hydroxybupropion was present in high serum concentrations, UV detection was possible. Owing to the commonly available instrumentation, the method could easily be integrated in routine TDM. The newly developed method was validated following the guidelines for bioanalytical method validation of the European Medicines Agency and US Food and Drug Administration. The lower limit of quantification was 100 ng/mL (0.391 μm) and linearity was shown between 100 and 2500 ng/mL. Intraday and interday precision ranged from 1.17 to 6.79% and from 6.07 to 9.41%, respectively. Intraday and interday accuracy ranged from 89.97 to 110.86% and from 95.05 to 101.2%. The method was shown to be selective, accurate and precise. Additionally, the method was successfully implemented in the therapeutic drug monitoring laboratory of the Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy at the University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany. Six months of routine analysis showed a rather low correlation between applied dose and serum concentration and therefore the necessity of TDM for dose‐individualization in the treatment with bupropion.