bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AN ULTRASTRUCTURAL AND HISTOCHEMICAL STUDY ON BONE LESIONS OF HAND‐SCHÜLLER‐CHRISTIAN DISEASE
Authors: Hakozaki Hando , Takahashi Kiyoshi , Kojima Mizu
Published: December 2008

A correlated light microscopical, histochemical and ultrastructural study‐was made on bone lesions repeatedly biopsied from three patients with Hand‐Scbüller‐Christian disease. The histiocytic cells proliferating in the early lesions had a markedly indented nucleus and contained In their cytoplasm varying numbers of Langerhans cell granules and round or irregular‐shaped lipid droplets. Histochemically, the lipid droplets were verified to be lipoprotein rich In fatty acids. Such histiocytic cells differ from highly phagocytic histiocytes or macrophages because of indistinct phagocytotlc activity, and are regarded as a metabolic type of histiocytes. The late lesions were mostly dominated by a xanthogranulomatous tissue chiefly comprised of xanthoma cells and collagen fibers. The xanthoma cells were usually filled with numerous lipid vacuoles which were histochemically proved to mainly contain cholesterol. Almost all the xanthoma cells were closely attached to collagen fibers and often had well‐developed rough endoplasmic reticula. Ultrastructurally, It is suggested that the xanthoma cells are originated from fibroblasts or flbrocytes.

As an Important factor to induce proliferation and xanthoma cell transformation of fibroblasts in the late phase, the presence of such a lipoprotein produced in the histiocytic cells of the early phase is emphasized.
ABNORMAL INTRACRANIAL VASCULAR NETWORKS (“MOYAMOYA” DISEASE), POSSIBLY DUE TO OCCLUSION OF BILATERAL INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERIES — A CASE REPORT WITH HISTOMETRICAL ANALYSIS —
Authors: Okayasu Isao , Kajita Akira , Yamamoto Masaaki
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of abnormal Intracranial vascular networks at the base of the brain corresponding to so‐called rete mirabile, associated with occlusion of bilateral internal carotid arteries was reported. This patient was a 62 year‐old female who died about two months after sudden onset of subarachnoid hemorrhage. At autopsy, abnormal vascular networks termed as rete mirabile were observed to be collateral blood supplies among the cerebral regions with flow of the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries, caused by long‐stading obstruction of bilateral internal carotid arteries at the syphon level. Morphometrical analysis was done by measuring the length of internal elastic membrane of the internal carotid arteries in cross section, and comparing it with those of controlled persons of the same sex and age without any intracranial disorders and hypertensive histories. The result that no significant difference was observed between the former and the latter values suggested that the unusual cerebro‐vascular disorder of this case developed not on the base of congenital anomaly including hypoplasia of internal carotid arteries or arteriovenous malformation but as an acquired lesion established for a long time.
MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF A CASE OF MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS II (HUNTER'S SYNDROME)
Authors: Nagashima Kazuo , Endo Hisako , Sakakibara Koko , Konishi Yumiko , Miyachi Ko , Wey Jau Jinn , Suzuki Yoshiyuki , Onisawa Jinichi
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of a 19‐year‐old boy who had shown typical gargoyle features, strictly consistent with mucopolysaccharidosis type II (Hunter's syndrome) was reported. Histologically, cytoplasmic vacuolar change was found In hepatocytes, sinusoidal epithelium of spleen, follicular cells of thyroid, Sertoli cells of testis, chromophobe cell of pituitary and generalized fibroblast‐like cells including meninges, cardiac valve and periosteum. The vacuoles consisting of membrane‐bound structures with flocculus protein‐like material and occasional electron dense bodies on electron microscopy, were considered to be the site of mucopolysaccharide deposition by histochemical analysis. Deposition of lipid material consistent with so‐called membranous cytoplasmic body was observed in the neurons of central, peripheral and autonomic nervous system. Hepatosplenomegaly could be explained by cytoplasmic deposition, but the cause of cardiomegaly remained further to be studied. Biochemically hepatic mucopolysaccharide was identified as heparan sulfate, while in the kidney dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate were detected. The correlation between morphology and biochemistry, and between deposition and degeneration was discussed.
FINE STRUCTURAL STUDY OF ANNULATE LAMELLAE COMPLEXES IN HUMAN TUMORS
Authors: Nakayama Iwao , Moriuchi Akira , Taira Yosbitsugi , Takahara Osamu , Itoga Takashi , Tsuda Nobuo
Published: December 2008

Specific intracytoplasmic organelles, annulate lamellae and radial clsternae, have been studied In several human tumors. Annulate lamellae are observed In all cases of leiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and malignant melanoma, whereas radial clsternae are only found in a case of leiomyosarcoma. Annulate lamellae are characterized by stacks of parallel arrayed long clsternae showing alternative arrangement of annuli and sacs. Some of these clsternae are connected directly with rough‐surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and there is continuity with the lumen and membrane. Radial clsternae are mainly composed of two structures: numerous short clsternae, which are a variant of annulate lamellae, and numerous spherical particles derived from the clsternae. The clsternae are arranged parallel or radially around particles measuring up to 1100 A in diameter. These particles consisting' of an amorphous high electron dense material without distinct limiting membrane are organized in groups and vary In number. There is no evidence of a direct relationship between these structures and viral infection.
EXPERIMENTAL RAT CHORIOCARCINOMA An Electron Microscopic Study
Authors: Kakudo Kennichi
Published: December 2008

Experimental choriocarcinomas of the rat were studied with electron microscopy and compared with the ultrastructure of rat trophoblasts at mid‐and late‐gestatlonal stage. The choriocarcinoma numbered m‐803 contained abundant cytoplasmic organellae and was quite similar to the trophospongial cell at late‐gestatlonal stage. The m‐801 closely resembled the trophospongial cell at mid‐gestational stage. The m‐673, which has 3‐beta‐ol dehydrogenase enzyme system, could not be studied sufficiently inspite of the examination of more than 30 blocks of epon embedded specimen, because of the degeneration and necrosis occurring in the specimens.
FAMILIAL MEDULLARY CARCINOMA OF THE THYROID THROUGH 3 GENERATIONS
Authors: Toyoda Hiroshi , Kawaguchi Yukihiro , Shirasawa Kenjiro , Muramatsu Akira
Published: December 2008

A family with high genetic penetrance of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid was reported. Seven proven (6 patients and one autopsy case) and 2 probable cases of medullary carcinoma were present in 25 members through 3 generations. An endogamy had intervened in the prior generation of these cases. Preliminary results in clinicopathological examinations of 7 proven cases were as follows; clinically, all of the cases showed B type blood group. Glycosuria was found in 2 cases, and diarrhea in one case. Serum thyrocalcitonin being estimated In two cases showed high levels. The autopsy cases coexisted with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid and pheo‐chromocytoma of the right adrenal. Pathologically, the majority of tumors occurred in both thyroid lobes, and were present from the middle to upper portion of the thyroid. The tumor showed a variety of histological features even in the same tumor. In the tumor cell, numerous membrane‐limited granules were seen with an electron microscope. Amyloid was demonstrated only In the tumor tissue.
PRIMARY CHORIOCARCINOMA OF THE LUNG
Authors: Hayakawa Kinya , Takahashi Masayoshi , Sasaki Ken‐ichi , Kawaoi Akira , Okano Tadao , Osada Hiroshi , Otsuka Toshimichi , Murota Yoshihiro
Published: December 2008

Extragenital choriocarcinoma in the male is known to occur in retroperi‐toneum, mediastinum and pineal body in a high proportion, and there have been no certain reports of lung origin. We studied two cases of choriocarcinoma arising from the lung in the male by histological, electronmicros‐coplcal, immunofluorescent, and immunoenzyme methods. Histologically, characteristic changes of choriocarcinoma, composed of irregular complex of cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts with massive necrosis and hemorrhage were demonstarated. These two cell patterns, characteristic of choriocarcinoma, were also demonstrated electronmicroscopically and differed from giant cell carcinoma of the lung. By immunofluorescent and Immunoenzyme methods, anti‐HCG reactive particles were seen in the cytoplasm mainly of syncytiotrophoblasts and proved HGG production function of the tumor.
PRIMARY LEIOMYOSARCOMA ARISING IN THE TRUNK OF PULMONARY ARTERY
Authors: Hayata Takashi , Sato Eiichi
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of a 46‐year‐old woman with primary leiomyosarcoma arising In the pulmonary artery is presented. This case Is the first description in Japan and the 10th In the world literature as leiomyosarcoma in this part of the body. An electronmlcroscopic observation of the postmortem material was useful to confirm the histologic diagnosis, in addition to some kinds of staining method of histologic section.
STUDIES ON DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY IN MICE I. PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PREFERENTIAL ANTIGENS FOR INDUCING DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY IN MICE
Authors: Baba Mitsuo , Harada Takayuki , Morikawa Shigeru
Published: December 2008

Variously modified protein antigens were tested by footpad assay to clarify the effect of these medications in producing delayed hypersensitivity in mice. The most potent antigen examined was carboxyl‐methylated serum albumins. These antigens were highly basic proteins and hydrophobic compared with native serum proteins. They stimulate humoral antibody response in mice poorly, and remain at the subcutaneous injection site much longer than native serum albumins. In vitro tests of susceptibility of thymus and spleen cells and peritoneal macrophages to the antigens revealed that methylated serum albumins possessed the stimulatory activity to the latter and were toxic to the former. As for macrophage, fluorescein‐labelled methylated serum albumin showed an affinity to their membrane and were phagocytosed, but FITC‐BSA did not show any affinity to the macrophages. These biological activities to tissue or cells may be contributable to render methylated serum albumins to induce and elicit delayed hypersensitivity preferentially in mice.
DEVELOPMENT OF MYOGENIC SARCOMAS IN MICE AT THE SITE OF INJECTION OF 4‐HAQO _ A STUDY ON THE MORPHOGENESIS OF TUMOR
Authors: Shibata Kazutoshi , Enomoto Makoto
Published: December 2008

The morphologic changes Induced by a carcinogenic agent have been studied by serial histological examinations on the injection‐sites in subcutaneous tissue of mice. As a carcinogen, 4‐hydroxy‐aminoquinoline‐1‐oxide was freshly suspended before use in olive oil (0.1 mg/0.1 ml) and Injected subcutaneously into the right thigh of mice sixteen times at seven days intervals. Tumors were induced immediately after the sixteenth Injection. Based on light and electron microscopic findings, these tumors were considered to be rhabdomyosarcomas. Morphologically, the course of the tumor induction was summarized as follows. The stage of Inflammation (1‐4 weeks), the stage of necrosis (4‐8 weeks), the stage of the appearance of atypical cells (8‐15 weeks), and the stage of tumor development (16 weeks and thereafter).
VARIED PULMONARY LESIONS WITH INTRAALVEOLAR LARGE LAMELLAR BODIES IN AN AUTOPSY CASE WITH BUSULFAN THERAPY
Authors: Miyashita Takehiko , Ojima Akitsugu , Tuji Takashi , Tajima Tsuneo , Watanabe Kunitomo
Published: December 2008

Characteristic pulmonary findings in an autopsy case of a 46‐year‐old female who presented heavy dyspnea as her chief complaint after 3 months of busulfan therapy for chronic myeloid leukemia were reported. The pulmonary findings were classified into four types: I. alveolar proteinosis type, II. intra‐alveolar fibrosis type, III. interstitial fibrosis type, and IV. lipid pneumonia type with cholesterol granuloma. No other case with various findings like this case has been previously reported. It was considered that type I is the basic type, type II is a type that developed from type I, type III is a type with interstitial cell infiltration and fibrosis and type IV is a lipidrich variant of type I. A large lamellar body was first found in the granular material of type I. It is supposed that such a body consists of osmiophllic body which originated from type B alveolar epithelial cells and blood plasma.
I‐CELL DISEASE (MUCOLIPIDOSIS II)
Authors: Nagashima Kazuo , Sakakibara Koko , Endo Hisako , Konishi Yumiko , Nakamura Norimasa , Suzuki Yosbiyuki , Abe Toshiaki
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of I‐cell disease was examined by histological, hlstochemlcal, ultrastructural and biochemical methods. Cultured fibroblasts contained numerous PAS‐ and oil‐red O positive granules consistent with lysosomes. The β‐galactosidase activity was specifically low in liver of the patient. The fiboblast‐llke cells Including the cardiac valves, periosteum and stromal cells of the organs were closely similar to those found in mucopolysaccharidoses histochemically as well as ultrastructurally. Lipid‐like materials were observed massively in the myocardium and in the neurons of spinal ganglia, and from these organs excessive amount of ceramlde tri‐hexosides (GTH) was extracted. In a few hepatocytes the dense membrane‐bound bodies suggestive of lipids were found by electron microscopy. Swollen glomerular epithelium contained strongly colloidal‐iron positive material, but the amount of mucopolysaccharides in kidney was not elevated. In this paper, the relationship among the morphology, the material stored and the enzymes was discussed.
PATHOLOGICAL STUDY ON AMYLOIDOSIS —RELATIONSHIP OF AMYLOID DEPOSITS IN THE AORTA TO AGING—
Authors: Iwata Takako , Kamei Toshiakir , Uchino Fumiya , Mimaya Hiromichi , Yanagaki Takayuki , Etoh Hirofumi
Published: December 2008

Senile aortic amyloidosis in 224 autopsy cases over 40 years was investigated comparing cardiac and pancreatic amyloidosis in them. A total of 176 cases of aortic amyloidosis was found for an average incidence of 79%. Under the 5th decade the incidence was 51% and it rose sharply with age and reached 95% in over the 8th decade. The incidence of cardiac amyloidosis also increased with age, but it was always higher in the aorta. Aortic and cardiac amyloid were both positive in the DMAB method for tryptophan. The major part exposed to amyloidosis in the aorta was the media. The medial amyloid consisted of numerous minute deposits and had no relation to atherosclerosis. Some comments about the pathogenesis of senile amyloidosis were also mentioned.
MECHANISM OF THE FORMATION OF MEGAMITOCHONDRIA BY COPPER‐CHELATING AGENTS IV. ROLE OF FUSION PHENOMENON IN THE CUPRIZONE‐INDUCED MEGAMITOCHONDRIAL FORMATION
Authors: Asano Masahisa , Wakabayashi Takashi , Ishikawa Kumiko , Kishimoto Hidemasa
Published: December 2008

Megamitochondria were induced within 36‐40 hours in mouse hepatocytes by injecting cuprizone into the peritoneal cavity. Induction of megamitochondria was dependent upon the amount and the time intervals of the injection of cuprizone: 200 mg of cuprizone/kg of body weight ‐ injected every 12 hours or 400 mg of cuprizone/kg of body weight ‐ injected every 24 hours. When the latter amount of the noxious reagent was administered to the animal every 12 hours, fatty changes of the liver was observed. Involvement of the fusion phenomenon in the mechanism of megamitochondrial formation is discussed in the light of turnover rates for various components of the mitochondrion.
MECHANISM OF THE FORMATION OF MEGAMITOCHONDRIA BY COPPER‐CHELATING AGENTS V. FURTHER STUDIES ON ISOLATED MEGAMITOCHONDRIA
Authors: Wakabayashi Takashi , Asano Masahisa , Ishikawa Kumiko , Kishimoto Hidemasa
Published: December 2008

Effect of cuprizone has been studied on some biochemical properties of megamitochondria obtained from the mouse liver. (1) Contents of Ca2+, Mg2+ and Cu2+ in the blood or the liver homogenates were not altered by cuprizone‐intoxication, whereas those in liver mitochondria were significantly altered: after 3‐4 days’intoxication, content of Ca2+ was decreased and was remarkably increased after 14‐15 days’intoxication. Content of Mg2+ behaved contrarily. (2) Both cytochrome oxidase and ATPase activities were unchanged in the liver megamitochondria, but monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity was significantly decreased. Value of I50 (50% inhibition) for MAO was determined to be 0.33 mM using the control liver mitochondria. Cuprizone had almost no effect on MAO activity of kidney or heart mitochondria both in vivo and in vitro. (3) The amount of lysolecithin was increased in the liver megamitochondria.

These results were discussed in the light of membrane fusion phenomenon which plays a key role in the mechanism of megamitochondrial formation.
A STUDY ON THE MELANIN‐LADEN DENDRITIC CELL (MELANOCYTE) IN OVARIAN CYSTIC TERATOMA
Authors: Shibata Toshikatsu , Mori Wataru
Published: December 2008

To confirm the existence and to analyse the distribution of the melanocyte in cystic teratoma of the ovary, 51 cases were collected, among which 47 were found suitable for gross and histological examinations. The tissue components of cystic teratoma where the melanocyte was seen more or less associating were; the squamous, cuboidal and columnar cell epithelia especially the epidermal epithelium, the brain tissue principally the leptomeninx, and the interstltium. The frequency of melanocytes’association in the respective tissue was shown and compared between each other. One thing which was quite interesting for us was the relationship between the existence of brain tissue and the development of melanocyte in cystic teratoma. The melanocyte appeared in the above tissues, especially the Interstltium, of cystic teratoma more frequently when the brain tissue was coexisting in the same tumor. These findings seem to be of meaningful suggestions concerning the melanocy‐togenesis not only of cystic teratoma of the ovary, but also in a physiological condition in man.
FUNCTION OF PHAGOCYTOSIS AND INTRACELLULAR KILLING OF PERIPHERAL NEUTROPHILS IN KAWASAKI DISEASE
Authors: Tasaka Kachio , Hamashima Yoshihiro
Published: December 2008

NBT (Nitroblue Tetrazolium) test was performed in 17 patients with Kawasaki disease to examine the function of phagocytosis and intra‐cellular killing of neutrophils. The value was high compared to other pediatric patients. Activation with Proteus OX‐2 antigen before NBF test showed a significant higher level than other proteus antigens, which correspond in serum level. With previous electronmicroscopic observation of rickettsiallke body in biopsy specimen, these findings suggest the existence of an agent in Kawasaki disease which shares antigenicity with Proteus OX 2.
A PATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF DISSECTING ANEURYSM IN INDIVIDUALS UNDER FORTY YEARS OF AGE INCLUDING A CASE OF A 13 YEARS OLD BOY
Authors: Kunita Yukie
Published: December 2008

The author has investigated grossly and microscopically 12 cases (5 males and 7 females) of dissecting aneurysm in individuals under 40 years of age, autopsied during the last 6 years at the Tokyo‐to Medical Examiner Office. They composed of 6 cases of Marfan's syndrome, 3 cases of obesity, and one case each of pregnancy, aortitis syndrome, and male pseudohermaphroditism, respectively. The 6 cases other than Marfan's syndrome were also thought to belong to the Marfan group from the gross and microscopic examinations of the aorta. As to the cases of dissecting bleeding of the aorta, Erdheim's idiopathic cystic medial necrosis was as a rule authentical up to date, but the author has never observed the bleeding within the cysts which were said to be formed due to accumulation of metachromatic ground substance. On the contrary, the medial bleeding occurred always in the weakened area in where the elastic fibers were disrupted and disappeared accompanying with the diminution of metachromatic substance. The author assumed that the diminution of metachromatic substance might be the most important etiologlc factor of dissecting bleeding of the media and the extension of dissection might occur along such weakened foci of the media.
THE EFFECT CAUSED BY THE DOUBLE CONDITION OF POTASSIUM LOADING AND SIMULTANEOUS SODIUM RESTRICTION ON THE GLOMERULAR ZONE OF RATS
Authors: Kawai Kioko , Sugihara Hajime , Tsuchiyama Hideo
Published: December 2008

The effect caused by the double condition of potassium loading (K loading) and simultaneous sodium restriction (Na restriction) on the glomerular zone of rats is reported. After 2‐week‐diet of K loading and simultaneous Na restriction an increase of width of glomerular zone and decreases and micronization of fat granules were seen. Enzymic activity (glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase, steroid 3ß‐ol‐dehydrogenase) was increased. After 3‐week‐diet of the same condition the width of glomerular zone became 1/4 to 1/5 of the whole cortex. The cells in the glomerular zone demonstrated a trabecular arrangement. Ultrastructurally, hypertrophy of cells became marked and the size of cell was about 1.5 times that of normal cells. Dense body increased in number and became irregular in shape. In the widened cytoplasm, smooth endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus were well developed with numerous coated vesicles. Changes of mitochondria such as increase in number, transformation into round shape and vesicular cristae were characteristic. The severity of these changes was proportional to the duration of K loading and simultaneous Na restriction. After 8‐week‐diet the increase of large‐sized lipid vacuole and dense body, and intramitochondrial deposition were observed in parallel with the above‐mentioned changes. The changes observed in this study appeared earlier and stronger than those in the single‐conditioned group of only K loading or Na restriction. The cause of these changes were considered to be a result of accelerated function of the glomerular cells.
A VARIANT FORM OF MEDIAN DEFECT SYNDROME
Authors: Okayasu Isao , Kajita Akira , Shimizu Katsuo
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case with the syndrome of combined congential defects involving the supraumbilical abdominal wall, sternum, diaphragm, pericardium, and heart is reported. In this case, abnormal arterial plexus including anastomosis of the left coronary artery and the left internal mammary artery is recognized at the hernial pericardial wall, in addition to the already reported anomaly complex, i.e. diastasis recti abdominis with pericardial hernia, ventral defect of the diaphragm, partial defect of the sternum, and tetralogy of Fallot. It is suggested that this newly revealed vascular anomaly also comes within a specific syndrome of combined congenital defects.
IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY CEROIDOSIS
Authors: Takahashi Kiyoshi , Hakozaki Hando , Kojima Mizu
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of diffuse pulmonary ceroidosis was presented in a 55 year‐old man who had died suddenly. Autopsy, revealed noteworthy findings only in the lungs. Light microscopically, brown pigmented cells were proved to diffusely proliferate in the pulmonary tissue, particularly in the alveolar spaces. Histochemically, intracytoplasmic accumulation of ceroid‐like pigment was confirmed in the majority of the pigmented storage cells. Hemo‐siderin‐laden cells were less frequent or rare. Ultrastructurally, numerous osmiophilic inclusions delimited by a single membrane were present in the cytoplasm of the storage cells. No evidences of any basic disorders to induce such a pulmonary ceroidosis were detected at autopsy. From these findings, this case should be called "idiopathic pulmonary ceroidosis". In reviewing the literature, such a peculiar pulmonary disorder has never been recorded to date. Pathological distinction of this disorder from various pulmonary hemosideroses was discussed.
INTRANUCLEAR CYTOPLASMIC ORGANELLES IN HEMATOPOIETIC DISEASES
Authors: Shamoto Mikihiro
Published: December 2008

Mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and other cytoplasmic organelles were found within the nuclei, not in ‘nuclear pseudo‐inclusions’, of some cells in several hematopoietic disorders. Mitoses were fairly often observed in the atypical cells of these cases. We suggest that these intranuclear cytoplasmic organelles may be trapped in the nucleus during an abnormal mitosis.
HEMATOGENOUS DEVELOPMENT OF RAT MATURE GRANULOCYTIC LEUKEMIA—COMPARISON OF 2,7‐FAA‐INDUCED AND TRANSPLANTED LEUKEMIA—
Authors: Takayama Shojiro , FUjiwara Mutsunori
Published: December 2008

The oral administration of N,'N‐2,7‐fluorenylenebis‐acetamide (2,7‐FAA) induces leukemia, especially mature granulocytic leukemia in rats. We compared the degree of infiltration of 2,7‐PAA‐induced mature granulocytic leukemia with that of transplanted leukemia for the purpose of proving hema‐togenous development of leukemia. The bone marrow, spleen and liver were examined in the cases of diffuse lesion of 2,7‐FAA‐induced and transplanted leukemia. The average degree of infiltration of both 2,7‐PAA‐induced and transplanted leukemia was high in the bone marrow, medium in the spleen, and low in the liver. Intravenous transplantation of malignant neoplasm is an example of hematogenous metastasis. The similarity of infiltration between 2,7‐FAA‐induced and transplanted leukemia suggests that the former is spread by hematogenous metastasis.
AGE‐ASSOCIATED CHANGES IN MICROVASCULATURE OF HUMAN ADULT TESTIS
Authors: Takizawa Touichiro , Hatakeyama Shigeru
Published: December 2008

Age‐associated architectural changes of the human testicular micro‐vasculature from 70 autopsy cases were stereoscopically examined with a silicone‐rubber injection technique. In the testis of a young subject, the interlobular main arteries run straight. The coiling phenomena of the interlobular centripetal or centrifugal arteries, which are commonly seen in adult testis, have been so far considered as physiological transformation of the vasculature. It was confirmed that the coiling changes in the interlobular main arteries of the human testis appear as an age‐dependent alteration of the vasculature closely related to the volume of the gland. The practical importance of the spiralling or coiling of arteries is that it results in a considerable reduction of blood flow. The age‐related coiling of the interlobular arteries is virtually accompanied by varying degrees of collapse of the peritubular capillary networks. The reduction of blood supply to the seminiferous tubules plays an active role in promoting aging of the testis. These stereoscopical observations of age‐related transfiguration of testicular microvasculature were ascertained also by histometrical examinations.
MITOTIC STRUCTURE OF AORTIC INTIMAL CELLS INDUCED BY MECHANICAL INJURY IN SWINE
Authors: Taura Seiya , Taura Michiko , Kummerow Fred A. , Kamio Akinori , Takebayashi Shigeo
Published: December 2008

Repair processes of the aortic wall have been studied electron microscopically after removal of the endothelium by an inflated balloon procedure in the thoracic aortae of swine. Initial responses after injury included a thrombotic reaction, the appearance of intimal cells over the denuded surface, and increased mitotic activity of medial cells adjacent to the dead cells by day 3. Cells which engaged in intimal thickening were classified as modified smooth muscle cells throughout the course of this investigation. Mitosis of intimal cells, which was initially observed at day 3, substantially increased at day 7 and decreased by day 14. Mitotic intimal cells contained the same cytoplasmic organelles as interphase modified smooth muscle cells. A detailed description of the paired cisternae as an ultrastructural feature of cell division of modified smooth muscle cells was provided. The paired cisternae were initially observed among the remnants of the nuclear envelope in late prophase; they remained at the periphery of the mitotic apparatus in meta‐ and anaphase, and finally attached themselves to the nuclear envelope of the daughter cells in late telophase.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF MENKES KINKY HAIR DISEASE
Authors: Matsubara Osamu , Takaoka Hideki , Nasu Michiyo , Iwakawa Yoshie , Okeda Riki
Published: December 2008

An autopsy cases of Menkes kinky hair disease in a 1 year and 8 months old male infant is presented and compared with the morphological findings of the previous literatures. The main pathological changes are atrophy of the whole cerebellar cortex and bilateral temporal lobe, atrophy with demyelination of the white matter, tortuous running of the cerebral arteries, multiple diverticulosis of the urinary bladder and hyaline‐like deposition in the gastric submucosa. Microscopically, the peculiar degenerative change of Purkinje cell (somal sprout) is the only characteristic lesion in our case and the others. It is suggested that Menkes kinky hair disease may be a syndrome due to metabolic disturbance appearing not only in ectoderm such as the central nervous system, but also in mesoderm such as connective tissue and bone.
CARDIOVASCULAR AMYLOIDOSIS WITH GIANT CELL REACTION—TWO AUTOPSY CASES—
Authors: Kawada Kenji , Ojima Akitsugu , Yamauchi Hidemichi , Kato Masataka , Kato Toshihiko , Kuriyama Itsuko , Yasue Takao
Published: December 2008

Two autopsy cases, a 77‐year‐old man and a 66‐year‐old woman, of cardiovascular amyloidosis with many giant cells were reported. These cells were always found adjacent to amyloid masses which were deposited mainly in small arteries and arterioles, and some of them contained amyloid substance in their cytoplasms. The incidence of these cells was high in the heart and in the kidneys of both cases, and in the latter case the cells were found in the majority of the organs varying in degree. The significance of the giant cells, which probably originated from macrophages, were discussed and that giant cells might appear as a foreign body reaction to amyloid substance was presumed.
ENZYME HISTOCHEMICAL AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF A VIRILIZING ADRENOCORTICAL ADENOMA
Authors: Aiba Motohiko , Kameya Toru , Suzuki Hiroshi , Nakamura Hiroshi , Mizuno Yoshio , Kanno Takashi
Published: December 2008

Enzyme histochemical and ultrastructural studies of a “dexamethasone‐suppressed” virilizing adrenocortical adenoma and the attached cortex revealed that tumor cells showed little activities of some lysosomal enzymes and scarcity of lipofuscins and dense bodies of lysosomal type, forming a marked contrast to the cells of zona reticularis and the virilizing adenomas previously reported. The other findings of tumor cells, such as a pattern of activities of dehydrogenases including 3 β‐hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase and the morphology of mitochondria, were those of reticularis cells. The findings showed that scantiness of lipofuscins did not rule out the possibility of adenoma producing adrenal androgen, dehydroepiandrosterone. Most of the tumor cells as well as reticularis cells were positive for alkaline phos‐phatase, the activity of which was interpreted as the effect of ACTH stimulation.
ULTRASTRUCTURE OF AN ANAPLASTIC GIANT‐CELL CARCINOMA FOUND 8 YEARS AFTER OPERATION ON A PAPILLARY CARCINOMA OF THE THYROID
Authors: Hiasa Yoshio , Ito Noriyuki , Ohshima Masato , Ohmori Tomoyoshi , Seki Asao , Tatsumi Toshikazu , Yokoi Hiromu , Iwata Chikayoshi , Murata Yoshio , Ito Nobuyuki
Published: December 2008

Light and electron microscopic studies have been made on an anaplastic giant‐cell tumor that developed in a woman 8 years after an operation on the thyroid for papillary carcinoma. Many giant cells were observed in the anaplastic tumor tissue, but no follicles. Numerous tightly‐packed mitochondria and abundant ribosomes were present, but there were no desmosomes. The basement membrane was not distinct.
HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA AND MYOCARDIAL SARCOIDOSIS—AN AUTOPSY CASE—
Authors: Yasuda Hitoshi , Sakurai Masami , Kitamura Hajime , Fujita Shunsaku
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of a 65‐year‐old male who died of hepatocellular carcinoma superimposed on liver cirrhosis complicated with systemic sarcoidosis is presented, No organ metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma was found except for a minute tumor embolus in the left upper lobe of the lung. Involved organs by sarcoidosis were the lymph nodes, lungs, heart, liver and spleen, but its presence was not noticed before death. Its cardiac involvement coincide with his clinical symptom of exertional dyspnea and the ECG finding of A‐V block.
THE MEDIATION OF MACROPHAGE REACTION IN INFLAMMATION, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO IgG‐DERIVED CHEMOTACTIC FACTOR
Authors: Hayashi Hideo , Hirashima Mitsuomi , Honda Mitsuo , Ishida Mitsugu
Published: December 2008

Three different macrophage chemotactic factors were separated from hypersensitivity skin lesions induced by DNP‐ascaris extract or PPD. The amount of each factor seemed to be changeable according to the nature of inflammatory stimuli. The chemotactic activity of the factor a was completely absorbed by anti‐IgG and anti‐light chain antibodies, while that of the factors b and c was not absorbed by the antibodies. The factor a was produced from IgG by neutrophil neutral serine protease resembling elastase but fatling to digest elastin‐orcein; its chemotactic generation was accompanied by release of dialysable peptide(s) from the IgG molecule, suggesting a minor structural change of the IgG molecule. Production of leucoegresin or lymphocyte chemotactic factor by europhile neutral thiol protease from IgG molecule was discussed.
LIVER CELL DYSPLASIA AND HEPATITIS B SURFACE AND CORE ANTIGENS IN CIRRHOSIS AND HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA OF AUTOPSY CASES
Authors: Sakurai Masami
Published: December 2008

Liver tissues of 180 autopsy cases of cirrhosis and hepatoma and 285 consecutive autopsy cases of other diseases were studied for liver cell dysplasia correlated with hepatitis B surface and core antigens (HBsAg and HBcAg) in liver cells and sera, and antibody to HBsAg (anti‐HBs) in sera. Liver cell dysplasia was characterietic in cirrhotic livers, particularly with hepatoma. No significant difference was found in age and sex between cirrhotic cases with and without dysplasia. Rate of positive HBsAg in liver cells and sera was significantly high in cirrhotic cases with dysplasia with or without hepatoma. Massive pattern distribution of orcein‐positive liver cells was statistically significant in cirrhotic livers with or without hepatoma, but morphological characteristics of orcein‐positive liver cells could not be correlated in significance with dysplasia and hepatoma. HBcAg showed neither correlation with liver cell dysplasia nor hepatoma. It appears to correlate with active cirrhosis, marked liver cell degeneration and necrosis, and membranous diffuse type HBsAg in liver cells.
ECTOPIC ACTH‐MSH PRODUCING CARCINOID TUMOR WITH MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE HYPERPLASIA IN A CHILD
Authors: Amano Shigeru , Hazama Fumitada , Haebaba Hideyuki , Tsurusawa Masahito , Kaito Hiroshi
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of a 9‐year‐old Japanese girl revealed a carcinoid tumor originating in the duodenum and hyperplasia of the multiple endocrine organs as manifested by ectopic ACTH syndrome, carcinoid syndrome and giantism. The tumor cells were positive for histochemical argyrophile reaction and two types of secretary granules were identified by electron microscopy. Biochemical assay revealed the production of AGTH and β‐MSH by the tumor cells. Other changes of multiple endocrine organs included acidophll dominant hyperplasia of the pituitary, diffuse hyperplasia of the thyroid, chief cell hyperplasia of the parathyroid, hyperplasia of the islets of Langerhans and the adrenal cortex. This case was considered to be a type of multiple endocrine adenomatosis including carcinoid tumor. The relationship between the carcinoid tumor and multiple endocrine adenomatosis was discussed.
MALIGNANT PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA ARISING IN THE ORGAN OF ZUCKERKANDL
Authors: Kamiyama Ryuichi , Kawahara Yutaka , Aoki Nozomu , Saitoh Kiyosm , Takizawa Touichiro , Yoshimine Kousei , Hayashi Yoshio , Sunaga Toshiaki , Matsuda Masakatsu , Ohmori Keizo
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of malignant pheochromocytoma arising in the organ of Zuckerkandl is reported, of which distant metastases were found in the liver and lymph nodes. The biochemical and electron microscopic findings from the tumor tissue showed nor adrenaline‐ secreting type. It was revealed that sex ratio in malignant pheochromocytoma was more prominent in the female, and the frequency of extra‐adrenal origin was higher in malignant pheo chromocytoma than hi benign one from comparative study of reported cases of malignant pheochromocytoma. ACTA PATH. JAP.28: 731–740, 1978.
CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA SHOWING PITUITARY TUMOR WITH MASSIVE LEUKEMIC CELL INFILTRATION, AND SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS OF CLL
Authors: Nemoto Keiichi , Ohnishi* Yoshihisa , Tsukada** Tsuneyasu
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of a 33 years old doctor with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was reported. Two remissions were noted with chemotherapy and irradiation. The special characteristic of this case was the tumor formation in the sellar fossa similating a pituitary tumor which was considered as a type of meningeal leukemia, showing visual disturbance. Leukemic cell infiltration was hardly observed in any other organs.

From the analysis of five cases of CLL, the author proposes that CLL may be classified into two types: the one is the severe type showing a short clinical course and the other is a mild one, showing a long clinical course. Details such as histopathological findings, cause of death and clinical findings were discussed.
ENDOLYMPHATIC STROMAL MYOSIS WITH AUTORADIOGRAPHIC OBSERVATION
Authors: Okuda Shin'ichiro , Sasaki Kohsuke , Ogino Teturo , Tani Shigeki , Takahashi Manabu
Published: December 2008

A biopsy case of endolymphatic stromal myosis, a rare neoplasm of the uterus, which occurred in a 33‐year‐old female was described. The Mstology was typical and resembled stromal cells of proliferative phase endometrium. The tumor extended in the endometrium and diffusely inflltrated into the myometrium and the parametrium. However, 2H‐thyd‐dine labeling index was low suggesting slow growth of the tumor.
IDIOPATHISCHE CARDIOMYOPATHIE, FORMEN UND URSACHEN*)**
Authors: Doerr Wilhelm
Published: December 2008

Es ist mir eine hohe Ehre, im Rahmen Ihrer Tagung hier in Tokyo sprechen zu dürfen. Ich danke aufrichtig für alle Freundlichkeit und Förderung, die ich in Japan habe finden dürfen. Ich komme aus Heidelberg; Heidelberg ist die älteste Universität im engeren deutschen Sprachgebiet. Heidelberg und Freiburg sind die beiden Universitäten im Südwesten unserer deutschen Heimat. Die wissenschaftlichen Beziehungen, welche die japanische Pathologie zu Fkeiburg hatte, sind an die Namen Ludwig Aschoffund Franz Büchnergeknüpft. In Heidelberg lehrte zu deren Zeit Prof. Alexander Schmincke. Rie kennen seinen Name von den “Schmincke‐Tumoren”, den lymphoepithelialen Carcinomen Schmincke‐Regaud. Ich bin Schüler von A. Schminckeund verdanke ihm die Bekanntschaft mit dem Problem “Cardiomyopathie”.
VARIOUS EPITHELIAL AND NON‐EPITHELIAL TUMORS SPONTANEOUSLY OCCURRING IN LONG‐LIVED MICE OF A/St, CBA, C57BL/6 AND THEIR HYBRID MICE
Authors: Kawada Kenji , Ojima Akitsugu
Published: December 2008

Various kinds of epithelial and non‐epithelial tumors, and tumor‐like lesions spontaeously developed in long‐lived mice of strains A/St, C57BL/6 and CBA, and of (C57BL/6 x CBA) F1, hybrids, all of which had been fed in the 2nd Department of Pathology, Gifu University School of Medicine.

Some tumors were successfully transplanted into the same strain of mice. An interesting tumor line showing phagocytic activity and growing only in the liver even when inoculated subcutaneously, which was obtained from a reticulum cell neoplasm, Type A by Dunn, originated in the liver of a (C57BL/6 X CBA) F1 hybrid male mouse.
AN ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY WITH ENZYME‐LABELED ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE ON IMMUNOGLOBULIN‐CONTAINING CELLS IN HUMAN TONSILS, ESPECIALLY IN GERMINAL CENTERS
Authors: Tsunoda Rikiya , Terashima Kazuo , Takahashi Kiyoshi , Kojima Mizu
Published: December 2008

Localization of IgG, IgA and IgM in human palatine tonsils, especially in germinal centers, was studied with the electron microscopical enzyme‐labeled antibody method. The large germinal center cells differentiate into two kinds of cells within the germinal center; one was the medium‐sized germinal center cells not engaging in intracytoplasmic production of immunoglobulins and another was the immature cells producing at least one of the three classes of immunoglobulins, especially IgM. The latter continued to maturate and developed into the intermediate‐matured cells and probably into the plasmocytes. The three classes of immunoglobulins were also deposited in the form of admixtures in the intercellular spaces among the constituent cells of the germinal centers, mainly attaching on the cell membrane of desmo‐dendric cells. In addition, some of the deposits were found freely in the intercellular spaces. Some demureness between the immunoglobulin‐containing cells outside and within the germinal centers were pointed out.
CYSTIC FIBROSIS OF THE PANCREAS IN A HUMAN FETUS
Authors: Matsuo Takeshi , Ikeda Takayoshi , Mori Yo , Nonaka Masaru , Fujiwara Hisao , Yun Kankatsu
Published: December 2008

Postmortem examination of a 26 week old (postmenstrual) human fetus delivered by Cesarean section revealed meconium ileus and many swollen mucus‐secreting cells in the gastro‐intestinal mucosa. The pancreas showed extensive fibrosis, acinar destruction and dilatation of ducts containing eosinophilic casts. Mucous glands of the lungs also revealed mucous cells swollen and distended with their secretary products. The patient is believed to have cystic fibrosis of the pancreas, suggesting that the pathologic manifestations of the disease may begin early in fetal life.
HISTOLOGICAL AND FINE STRUCTURAL STUDIES ON PIGMENTED NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR OF INFANCY
Authors: Taira Yoshitsugi , Nakayama Iwao , Takahara Osamu , Moriuchi Akira , Yokoyama Shigeo , Maekawa Naoyuki , Ito Teruo , Yanai Masanori , Tsuji Yoshiro
Published: December 2008

Pigmented neuroectodermal tumor of infancy originating from the anterior maxilla in a two‐month‐old male has been studied by light and electron microscopy. The tumor is characterized histologically by two types of neoplastic cells embedded in considerable amounts of fibrous stromal tissue. The first type of cell is cuboidal to columnar in shape with an epithelial appearance having abundant cytoplasm; either scanty or a heavy accumulation of melanin pigment is observed in the cytoplasm. These cells are aligned along the cleft‐like space or arranged in small ductal structures. Electron microscopy shows the characteristic features of melanocytic cells having a varying degree of asynchronous maturation of melanosomes. The second type of cells is small and round in shape and has a hyperchromatic nucleus and scanty cytoplasm, resembling neuroblastic cells or lymphocytes. Electron microscopy reveals cytoplasmic processes resembling immature neurits which protrude into the intracellular space; a small number of secretory granules having a central core surrounded by a single limiting membrane are observed in the cytoplasm and cytoplasmic processes.
NATURALLY OCCURRING ANGIOSARCOMA OF THE TIBIA IN AN NZB MOUSE
Authors: Inada Osamu , Yumoto Tokichi
Published: December 2008

An osteolytic bone tumor was found in a 12‐month‐old male NZB mouse. Macroscopically and histologically this tumor was angiosarcoma originating in bone with distant metastasis present in the spleen. The primary tumor was successfully transplanted in the back subcutaneous tissue of syngeneic mice, and the characteristics of the transplants, were found to be similar to those of the primary tumor. The ultrastructure of tumor is described.
KAPPA‐TYPE LIGHT CHAIN CRYSTAL STORAGE HISTIOCYTOSIS
Authors: Terashima Kazuo , Takahashi Kiyoshi , Kojima Mizu , Imai Yutaka , Tsuchida Shuichi , Migita Shunsuke , Ebina Satoshi , Itoh Chuichi
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of systemic histiocytosis with excessive deposition of K‐type light chain crystals was reported in a 58 year‐old man who had consistently showed K‐type light chain paraproteinemia, Bence Jones proteinuria and hypogammaglobulinemia for about 10 years until his death. However, no bony destruction was found by repeated X‐ray examinations. At autopsy, extensive hyperplasia of crystal‐storing histiocytes was observed in the bone marrow, spleen, liver, lymph nodes, interstitial tissues of visceral organs and loose connective tissues. In the bone marrow and some other tissues, mild proliferation of plasmocytoid cells containing small crystals were found, Histochemically the crystals positively stained with various methods for amino acids and proteins, especially with Weigerts’method for fibrin Ultra‐structurally intralysosomal crystal deposition was confirmed in the storage histiocytes and derivation of the crystals from Golgi's sacculi in the plasmocytoid cells was suggested. Biochemically the crystals were regarded as mainly consisting of dimers of a variable half of light chain immunoglobulin and immunochemically and immunohistochemically reacted to anti‐ type light chain serum. Such a generalized storage histiocytosis may be secondarily induced by immunoglobulin synthesized in plasmocytoid cells.
SUBACUTE SCLEROSING PANENCEPHALITIS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF INCLUSIONS IN THE BRAIN AND LUNG
Authors: Ishihara Tokuhiro , Uchino Fumiya , Kamei Toshiaki , Yokota Tadaaki , Nakamura Hidenori , Etoh Hirofumi , Suzuki Eitaroh , Konishi Shunzoh , Matsumoto Noboru
Published: December 2008

A 7‐year‐old boy, who was diagnosed as typical SSPE by clinical data and laboratory findings, was autopsied and observed by immunofluorescent techniques, light and electron microscope. The morphological characteristics in the brain were perivascular cuffings with plasma cells, lymphocytes and mononuclear cells, gliosis and a large number of intranuclear and intracytoplasmk inclusions in the neuroglias and nerve cells. Various kinds of intranuclear inclusions were elucidated by electron microscopy and the fine structures of these inclusions were described in detail. At least five types of intranuclear inclusions were regarded as specific in SSPE. The presence of intranuclear inclusions of mononuclear cells in the lungs resembling the inclusions in the neuroglias suggested that the disease was not localized in the brain but could be disseminated throughout the body.
NECROTIZING MYOPATHY AS A REMOTE EFFECT OF GASTRIC CANCER ACCOMPANIED WITH HASHIMOTO'S THYROIDITIS
Authors: Yutani Chikao , Matsuda Yoshimitsu , Murao Shigeo , Kamo Yasuji , Yoshida Hideo , Nakajima Toshio
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of a 74‐year‐old male who had shown clinically hypothyroidism due to chronic atrophic thyroiditis (Hashimoto's thyroiditis), and pathologically necrotizing myopathy as a remote effect of gastric cancer was reported.

Morphological features of this necrotizing myopathy was those of carcinomatous myopathy rather than those of hypothyroid or diabetic myopathy.

As for the pathogenesis of the necrotizing myopathy (as a Group IV of polymyositis of Walton and Adams), the malignancy might have played an important role as a trigger of the secondary immunological abnormality upon a pre‐exizting longstanding immune disorder of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Pseudomembranous colitis, which was thought to be related to antibiotics (Lincomycin), was also briefly discussed.