bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carbon nanomaterials sensitize prostate cancer cells to docetaxel and mitomycin C via induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation
Authors: Erdmann Kati , Ringel Jessica , Hampel Silke , Wirth Manfred P , Fuessel Susanne
Published: June 2017

We have previously shown that carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can sensitize prostate cancer (PCa) cells to platinum-based chemotherapeutics. In order to further verify this concept and to avoid a bias, the present study investigates the chemosensitizing potential of CNFs and CNTs to the conventional chemotherapeutics docetaxel (DTX) and mitomycin C (MMC), which have different molecular structures and mechanisms of action than platinum-based chemotherapeutics. DU-145 PCa cells were treated with DTX and MMC alone or in combination with the carbon nanomaterials. The impact of the monotreatments and the combinatory treatments on cellular function was then systematically analyzed by using different experimental approaches (viability, short-term and long-term proliferation, cell death rate). DTX and MMC alone reduced the viability of PCa cells to 94% and 68%, respectively, whereas a combined treatment with CNFs led to less than 30% remaining viable cells. Up to 17- and 7-fold higher DTX and MMC concentrations were needed in order to evoke a similar inhibition of viability as mediated by the combinatory treatments. In contrast, the dose of platinum-based chemotherapeutics could only be reduced by up to 3-fold by combination with carbon nanomaterials. Furthermore, combinatory treatments with CNFs led mostly to an additive inhibition of short- and long-term proliferation compared to the individual treatments. Also, higher cell death rates were observed in combinatory treatments than in monotreatments, e.g., a combination of MMC and CNFs more than doubled the cell death rate mediated by apoptosis. Combinations with CNTs showed a similar, but less pronounced impact on cellular functions. In summary, carbon nanomaterials in combination with DTX and MMC evoked additive to partly synergistic anti-tumor effects. CNFs and CNTs possess the ability to sensitize cancer cells to a wide range of structurally diverse chemotherapeutics and thus represent an interesting option for the development of multimodal cancer therapies. Co-administration of chemotherapeutics with carbon nanomaterials could result in a reduction of the chemotherapeutic dosage and thus limit systemic side effects.
The Southern H ii Region Discovery Survey (SHRDS): Pilot Survey
Authors: Brown C. , Jordan C. , Dickey John M. , Anderson L. D. , Armentrout W. P. , Balser Dana S. , Bania T. M. , Dawson J. R. , Mc Clure-Griffiths N. M. , Wenger Trey V.
Published: June 2017

The Southern H ii Region Discovery Survey is a survey of the third and fourth quadrants of the Galactic plane that will detect radio recombination line (RRL) and continuum emission at cm-wavelengths from several hundred H ii region candidates using the Australia Telescope Compact Array. The targets for this survey come from the WISE Catalog of Galactic H ii Regions and were identified based on mid-infrared and radio continuum emission. In this pilot project, two different configurations of the Compact Array Broad Band receiver and spectrometer system were used for short test observations. The pilot surveys detected RRL emission from 36 of 53 H ii region candidates, as well as seven known H ii regions that were included for calibration. These 36 recombination line detections confirm that the candidates are true H ii regions and allow us to estimate their distances.
(Almost) Dark Galaxies in the ALFALFA Survey: Isolated H i-bearing Ultra-diffuse Galaxies
Authors: Leisman Lukas , Haynes Martha P. , Janowiecki Steven , Hallenbeck Gregory , Józsa Gyula , Giovanelli Riccardo , Adams Elizabeth A. K. , Neira David Bernal , Cannon John M. , Janesh William F. , Rhode Katherine L. , Salzer John J.
Published: June 2017

We present a sample of 115 very low optical surface brightness, highly extended, H i-rich galaxies carefully selected from the ALFALFA survey that have similar optical absolute magnitudes, surface brightnesses, and radii to recently discovered “ultra-diffuse” galaxies (UDGs). However, these systems are bluer and have more irregular morphologies than other UDGs, are isolated, and contain significant reservoirs of H i. We find that while these sources have normal star formation rates for H i-selected galaxies of similar stellar mass, they have very low star formation efficiencies. We further present deep optical and H i-synthesis follow-up imaging of three of these H i-bearing ultra-diffuse sources. We measure H i diameters extending to ∼40 kpc, but note that while all three sources have large H i diameters for their stellar mass, they are consistent with the H i mass–H i radius relation. We further analyze the H i velocity widths and rotation velocities for the unresolved and resolved sources, respectively, and find that the sources appear to inhabit halos of dwarf galaxies. We estimate spin parameters, and suggest that these sources may exist in high spin parameter halos, and as such may be potential H i-rich progenitors to the ultra-diffuse galaxies observed in cluster environments.
Chandra Survey of Nearby Galaxies: A Significant Population of Candidate Central Black Holes in Late-type Galaxies
Authors: She Rui , Ho Luis C. , Feng Hua
Published: June 2017

Based on the Chandra data archive as of 2016 March, we have identified 314 candidate active galactic nuclei in 719 galaxies located closer than 50 Mpc, among them late-type galaxies (Hubble types Sc and later) that previously had been classified from optical observations as containing star-forming (H ii) nuclei. These late-type galaxies comprise a valuable subsample to search for low-mass (

) central black holes. For the sample as a whole, the overall dependence of the fraction of active nuclei on galaxy type and nuclear spectral classification is consistent with previous results based on optical surveys. We detect 51 X-ray cores among the 163 H ii nuclei and estimate that, very conservatively, ∼74% of them with luminosities above 1038 

are not contaminated by X-ray binaries; the fraction increases to ∼92% for X-ray cores with a luminosity of 1039 

or higher. This allows us to estimate a black hole occupation fraction of

% in these late-type galaxies, many of which are bulgeless.
Millimeter-wave and Submillimeter-wave Spectra of Aminoacetonitrile in the Three Lowest Vibrational Excited States
Authors: Esposti Claudio Degli , Dore Luca , Melosso Mattia , Kobayashi Kaori , Fujita Chiho , Ozeki Hiroyuki
Published: June 2017

It is important to study possible precursors of amino acids such as glycine to enable future searches in interstellar space. Aminoacetonitrile (NH2CH2CN) is one of the most feasible molecules for this purpose. This molecule was already detected toward Sgr B2(N). Aminoacetonitrile has a few low-lying vibrational excited states, and transitions within these states may be found in space. In this study, the pure-rotational transitions in the three lowest vibrational states in the 80–450 GHz range have been assigned and analyzed. It was found to be very important to include Coriolis coupling between the two lowest vibrational fundamentals, while the third one was unperturbed. The partition function was evaluated considering these new results.
Galactic Sources Detected in the NuSTAR Serendipitous Survey
Authors: Tomsick John A. , Lansbury George B. , Rahoui Farid , Clavel Maïca , Fornasini Francesca M. , Hong JaeSub , Aird James , Alexander David M. , Bodaghee Arash , Chiu Jeng-Lun , Grindlay Jonathan E. , Hailey Charles J. , Harrison Fiona A. , Krivonos Roman A. , Mori Kaya , Stern Daniel
Published: June 2017

The Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) provides an improvement in sensitivity at energies above 10 keV by two orders of magnitude over non-focusing satellites, making it possible to probe deeper into the Galaxy and universe. Lansbury and collaborators recently completed a catalog of 497 sources serendipitously detected in the 3–24 keV band using 13 deg2 of NuSTAR coverage. Here, we report on an optical and X-ray study of 16 Galactic sources in the catalog. We identify 8 of them as stars (but some or all could have binary companions), and use information from Gaia to report distances and X-ray luminosities for 3 of them. There are 4 CVs or CV candidates, and we argue that NuSTAR J233426–2343.9 is a relatively strong CV candidate based partly on an X-ray spectrum from XMM-Newton. NuSTAR J092418–3142.2, which is the brightest serendipitous source in the Lansbury catalog, and NuSTAR J073959–3147.8 are low-mass X-ray binary candidates, but it is also possible that these 2 sources are CVs. One of the sources is a known high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB), and NuSTAR J105008–5958.8 is a new HMXB candidate that has strong Balmer emission lines in its optical spectrum and a hard X-ray spectrum. We discuss the implications of finding these HMXBs for the surface density (log N–log S) and luminosity function of Galactic HMXBs. We conclude that with the large fraction of unclassified sources in the Galactic plane detected by NuSTAR in the 8–24 keV band, there could be a significant population of low-luminosity HMXBs.
The Populations of Carina. II. Chemical Enrichment*
Authors: Norris John E. , Yong David , Venn Kim A. , Gilmore Gerard , Casagrande Luca , Dotter Aaron
Published: June 2017

Chemical abundances are presented for 19 elements in a sample of 63 red giants in the Carina dwarf spheroidal galaxy (dSph), based on homogeneous 1D/LTE model atmosphere analyses of our own observations (32 stars) and data available in the literature (a further 31 independent stars). The (Fe) metallicity and [α/Fe] distribution functions have mean values and dispersions of −1.59 and 0.33 dex ([Fe/H] range: −2.68 to −0.64) and 0.07 and 0.13 dex ([α/Fe] range: −0.27 to 0.25), respectively. We confirm the finding of Venn et al. that a small percentage (some 10% in the present investigation) of the sample shows clear evidence for significant enrichment by Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) ejecta. Calcium, with the most accurately determined abundance of the α-elements, shows an asymmetric distribution toward smaller values of [Ca/Fe] at all [Fe/H], most significantly over −2.0 < [Fe/H] < −1.0, suggestive of incomplete mixing of the ejecta of SNe Ia with the ambient medium of each of Carina’s generations. Approximate color–magnitude diagram age estimates are presented for the sample, and together with our chemical abundances, compared with the results of our previous synthetic color–magnitude diagram analysis, which reported the details of Carina’s four well-defined populations. We searched for the Na–O anticorrelation universally reported in the Galaxy’s globular clusters and confirm that this phenomenon does not exist in Carina. We also found that one of the 32 stars in our sample has an extremely enhanced lithium abundance—A(Li)NLTE = +3.36, consistent with membership of the ∼1% group of Li-rich stars in dSph described by Kirby et al.
Searching for Interstellar
Using a New Method for High Signal-to-noise HST/STIS Spectroscopy
Authors: Cordiner M. A. , Cox N. L. J. , Lallement R. , Najarro F. , Cami J. , Gull T. R. , Foing B. H. , Linnartz H. , Lindler D. J. , Proffitt C. R. , Sarre P. J. , Charnley S. B.
Published: June 2017

Due to recent advances in laboratory spectroscopy, the first optical detection of a very large molecule has been claimed in the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM):

(ionized Buckminsterfullerene). Confirming the presence of this molecule would have significant implications regarding the carbon budget and chemical complexity of the ISM. Here we present results from a new method for ultra-high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) spectroscopy of background stars in the near-infrared (at wavelengths of 0.9–1 μm), using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) in a previously untested “STIS scan” mode. The use of HST provides the crucial benefit of eliminating the need for error-prone telluric-correction methods in the part of the spectrum where the

bands lie and where the terrestrial water vapor contamination is severe. Our STIS spectrum of the heavily reddened B0 supergiant star BD+63 1964 reaches an unprecedented S/N for this instrument (∼600–800), allowing the detection of the diffuse interstellar band (DIB) at 9577 Å attributed to

, as well as new DIBs in the near-IR. Unfortunately, the presence of overlapping stellar lines, and the unexpected weakness of the

bands in this sightline, prevents conclusive detection of the weaker

bands. A probable correlation between the 9577 Å DIB strength and interstellar radiation field is identified, which suggests that more strongly irradiated interstellar sightlines will provide the optimal targets for future

searches.
D1005+68: A New Faint Dwarf Galaxy in the M81 Group
Authors: Smercina Adam , Bell Eric F. , Slater Colin T. , Price Paul A. , Bailin Jeremy , Monachesi Antonela
Published: June 2017

We present the discovery of d1005+68, a new faint dwarf galaxy in the M81 Group, using observations taken with the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam. d1005+68's color–magnitude diagram is consistent with a distance of

Mpc, establishing group membership. We derive an absolute V-band magnitude, from stellar isochrone fitting, of

, with a half-light radius of

pc. These place d1005+68 within the radius–luminosity locus of Local Group and M81 satellites and among the faintest confirmed satellites outside the Local Group. Assuming an age of 12 Gyr, d1005+68's red giant branch is best fit by an isochrone of [Fe/H] = −1.90 ± 0.24. It has a projected separation from nearby M81 satellite BK5N of only 5 kpc. As this is well within BK5N’s virial radius, we speculate that d1005+68 may be a satellite of BK5N. If confirmed, this would make d1005+68 one of the first detected satellites-of-a-satellite.
Les parcours de professionnalisation : entre employabilité et logique de métier
Authors: Saint-Martin Corinne
Published: June 2017

La transformation progressive des organisations du travail et de la formation dans le secteur social et médicosocial, liée aux réformes des dernières décennies, révèle des enjeux nouveaux dans le domaine du travail. Nous proposons d’expliciter dans un premier temps ces transformations en portant le regard sur le rapport de plus en plus prégnant entre professionnalisation et employabilité. Les logiques d’action inscrites dans les parcours de professionnalisation des étudiants en formation dans les métiers du social se modifient également. En portant un regard sociologique sur les parcours d’étudiants en formation d’éducateur spécialisé, nous aborderons, dans un deuxième temps, quelques traits saillants exprimant ce phénomène qui, au-delà, interroge les conditions de production du sens de leur activité. Notre propos s’appuiera sur les principaux résultats d’une étude sociologique quantitative et qualitative menée entre 2012 et 2014 sur la région Midi-Pyrénées.
Nous sommes faits de rencontres hasardeuses
Authors: Imbert-Boutonnier Alice
Published: June 2017

Le choix du métier d’éducateur spécialisé et la manière de l’exercer ont toujours à voir avec les rencontres fortuites qui jalonnent le processus de professionnalisation. En témoigner permet de tracer ce chemin aléatoire fait de rejet, d’identification, de transmission et de métabolisation de savoirs. Certaines rencontres résonnent en nous de telle sorte qu’elles interrogent nos repères et nous invitent à les articuler à nouveau. L’altérité nous met paradoxalement en lien avec nous-même, de façon intime.
Un éducateur en formation n’est pas une page vierge
Authors: Saadaoui Ludovic
Published: June 2017

D’hier à aujourd’hui, des fondateurs de l’éducation spécialisée moderne aux jeunes professionnels tout frais émoulus de l’école, l’indignation demeure le premier moteur de l’engagement à être éducateur. Contre toutes les formes de violences, réelles ou symboliques, elle fait de la rencontre avec l’humain le fondement de tous les possibles.
Faire émerger une demande d’aide chez la personne accueillie en chrs
Authors: Gaillard-Bosson Michèle
Published: June 2017

L’absence de demande d’aide chez la personne accueillie en chrs est un constat fréquent. En lien avec l’histoire et la souffrance psychique de la personne, elle nécessite une réflexion qui inclue ces aspects. La commande de réinsertion sociale se trouve souvent mise en échec par le vécu difficile de la réalité chez la personne accompagnée. En questionnant la définition de la réinsertion sociale, une tentative de réponse est proposée ici pour faire émerger la demande d’aide, en référence à la notion d’« espace transitionnel » de Winnicott.
Une minute en tremblant
Authors: Ruiz Thierry
Published: June 2017

Dans ce texte, l’auteur évoque ses réflexions et ses interventions à l’occasion d’une minute de silence, instaurée dans un foyer de vie, le lundi 16 novembre 2015. Comment, face à la peur, le silence mais aussi l’unité du collectif permettent de s’affirmer et de s’engager du côté de la vie.
Itinéraire d’un jeune en errance
Authors: Fournier Sébastien
Published: June 2017

Ce témoignage présente l’évolution d’un adolescent souffrant de troubles relationnels importants. D’abord extrêmement passif et observateur, le jeune homme devient de plus en plus fuyant. Un comportement aux conséquences significatives sur l’accompagnement qui lui est proposé. L’auteur, éducateur spécialisé, propose une immersion dans son quotidien professionnel et tente de décrire la complexité du travail avec ce garçon.
On the Use of CFD in Thermal Analysis of Industrial Hollow Ceramic Brick
Authors: Araújo Morgana Vasconcellos , Delgado J.M.P.Q. , Barbosa de Lima A.G.
Published: June 2017

The manufacture of clay bricks goes through several phases, among which are clay wetting, molding, drying and firing. The drying process has a high energy consumption and the material needs to be dried with control for avoid it to be unusable after drying. Optimization of the drying process (reduction of process time and energy expenditure) is crucial for the ceramist industry. In this sense, this work aims to make a transient thermal study of the temperature distribution in an industrial brick due to the energy supply of drying-air flowing inner it turbulent regime. The study is performed through numerical simulation using the software ANSYS® CFX. Transient results are displayed in terms of fields of the temperature and air velocity, and temperature of the brick. It was concluded that the higher the velocity of flow of hot air, the faster the heat diffuses into the brick. Independent of air velocity, there are temperature gradients on the surface of the brick
Effect of Variation of Gap Thickness of the Thrust Bearing on Gap Pressure and Stiffness of the Aerostatic Spindle in Vertical Milling
Authors: Huang Te Yen , Weng Shi Jie , Hsu Shao Yu
Published: June 2017

When the partially porous aerostatic thrust bearing and the journal bearings of an aerostatic spindle in a vertical milling machine are subjected to cutting load and gravitational force, the thicknesses of gaps between the thrust plate and the spindle flange will change. This study applied CFD software to analyze the effect of variations of gap thickness and rotating speed on the pressure in the gaps of the bearings and the stiffness of the spindle. The results revealed that, when the thrust plate and the spindle flange were pushed back and forth by external loading, the pressure in the gap between the spindle flange and the thrust plate was affected significantly. The pressure in the gap between the spindle and the journal bearing was slightly affected. When the spindle rotated faster, the pressure on the surface of spindle became higher and the stiffness of spindle was increased.
The Friction Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Graphene Oxide Hydrogels as Cartilage Replacement
Authors: Shi Yan , Xiong Dang Sheng , Li Jian Liang
Published: June 2017

In the present study, the poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/graphene oxide (GO) hydrogels were synthesized by the repeated freeze-thaw method. The microstructure of PVA/GO hydrogels was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of GO content, lubrication condition, load and sliding speed on the friction properties of PVA/GO hydrogels were investigated. The results showed that the fracture morphology of PVA/GO hydrogels showed a layered-structure with uniformly dispersed GO sheets in PVA matrix. The friction coefficient of PVA/GO hydrogels decreased with the increase of GO content and sliding speed. With the increase of bovine serum and load, the friction coefficient of hydrogels decreased first and then increased.
Development of a Combined Diamond Impregnated Lapping Plate
Authors: Lin Guan Fu , Tsai Ming Yi , Chen Chiu Yuan
Published: June 2017

This paper presents a combined diamond-impregnated lapping plate for single crystal silicon carbide (SiC) to improve the material removal rate due to SiC having very low material removal rate. Three different dimaond shapes were prepared: (1) "sharp," a sharp-edged diamod; (2) "blocky," a high quality crystalline diamond; (3) "oxidized diamond". The diamonds were manufactured by using high temperature heating method in a furnace to induce diamond oxidation resulting in improvement of Ra and sharpness of the diamonds. Three combined diamond-impregnated lapping plates were fabricated using the above mentioned diamond shapes with diamond size of 6μm. The surface roughness and removal rate of the SiC lapping with these plate were investigated. Experimental results showed that the average material removal rate (MRR) of oxidized diamond is higher than that of the other diamond shapes. The MRR of oxidized diamond for C-face and Si-face SiC are 4.72μm/hr and 6.26μm/hr, respectively. It is found that the surface roughness (Ra) of oxidized diamond for C-face and Si-face are 7.547nm and 8.06nm, respectively. This indicates that the combined diamond-impregnated lapping plate can be effectively used for SiC machining.
Effects of Load, Squeeze Velocity, Viscosity on Pure Squeeze EHL Motion Using Optical Interferometry
Authors: Chu Li Ming , Lin Jaw Ren , Chang Yuh Ping
Published: June 2017

This paper presents a novel experiment method to investigate the microscopic mechanism of the oil film under the pure squeeze elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) motion. An optical EHL squeeze tester is used to measure the interference fringe patterns of the contact region. In order to show the dimple thickness clearly, the grayscale interferometry method is employed to obtain the film thickness map. In addition, the effects of squeeze speed, load, and lubricant viscosity on the dimple film thickness are explored under a quasi-static condition.
The Experimental Study on Mechanical Polishing on Materials with Hydrolysis Reaction
Authors: Tsai Hung Jung , Huang Pay Yau , Tan Chung Ming , Chang Tang Feng
Published: June 2017

The hydrolytic properties of LiAlO2 (LAO) are important factors for its applications on LED fabrication. During soft pad polishing process, the H2O in the slurry is deleterious for LAO surface polishing results. The current study develops a material removal rate model for materials with hydrolysis reaction to predict the result of polishing process.The current research conducts the experimental studies to investigate the material removal rate and its mechanism during the soft pad polishing process. In the experimental study, the hydrolytic properties of LAO have been tested to understand the hydrolysis speed with different operation parameters to assist the development of the theoretical model. Also the material removal rates of LAO with hydrolytic property have been measured under different soft pad polishing operating conditions. The experimental results provide the hydrolytic properties of LiAlO2 to understanding of the mechanism on polishing process.
Precipitation Hardening Formation in Mg6Zn0.5Y Alloy as an Engine Block Application
Authors: Purniawan Agung , Sutarsis Sutarsis , Sigit Tri Wicaksono
Published: June 2017

Magnesium alloys have been widely applied in the automotive world cars or motorcycles and aircraft engines. This is because the weight of the magnesium itself is very lightweight and have high strength. And magnesium alloys have good thermal conductivity, high elastic modulus and good mechanical properties. Magnesium in engineering applications is usually in the mix with elements such as Al, Ag, Mn, Zn, Si, Zr and RE (rare element). Magnesium alloys with zinc are mostly found and used. This research has been carried out precipitation hardening treatment-Mg alloy-0.5Y 6Zn using variable temperature 150oC, 175oC and 200oC with a holding time of 12 hours, 24 hours and 36 hours. The results show microstructure formed is αMg, MgZn, and Mg3Zn6Y (i-Phase). The formation of precipitates during the process of aging raise hardness values up to 75.8 BHN. Aging treatment reduces the thermal resistance of the alloy Mg-6Zn-0.5%Y.
FEA of a Double-Point Contact Elastomeric Gasket Considering Corrosion of Counterparts and Tilting during Assembly
Authors: Kim Tae Hyung , Park Eun Min , Kim Tae Hyun
Published: June 2017

The novel geometry of a gasket’s cross-section to optimize the sealing performance was proposed in spite of corrosion of its counterparts or tilted assembly. EPDM was applied for the rubber material and the sealing performance including stress, strain and contact pressure was estimated by finite element analysis (FEA) in both cased of normal and tilted assemblies. If the gaskets were to be normally assembled in the grooves, both gaskets (single-point contact and double-point contact) could be utilized for sealing systems. Even at the tilted assembly, the double-point contact gasket showed two discrete contact pressure areas; thus it could maintain its sealing performance over time at various operating conditions, compared to the single-point gasket.
Preparation and Tribological Property of Plasma Sprayed Adaptive Ni-Mo-Al-Ag-BN Composite Coating
Authors: Li Jian Liang , Li Hang , Xiong Dang Sheng , Ji Yu Juan , Qin Yong Kun
Published: June 2017

In this paper an adaptive Ni-Mo-Al-Ag-BN composite coating was deposited by plasmaspraying. Its tribological property from 20°C-600°C were evaluated by using high temperature tribometer. Scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the coating and corresponding wear tracks to determine the lubrication mechanisms. The result shows that the friction coefficient of the Ni-Mo-Al–Ag-BN composite coating from 200°C to 400°C is about 0.4 and declines very slightly at 600°C . The wear rates of the coating is 2.0×10-4mm3/N*m at 600°C and the downward trend is obvious compared with 400°C. Silver provide lubrication below 400 °C. Ag2MoO4 were formed with the temperature raised, and acted as high-temperature lubricants above 400 °C. Ni-Mo-Al–Ag-BN composite coating established a new lubrication mechanism model at 600°C . It can be concluded that the plasma sprayed Ni-Mo-Al - Ag - BN composite coating can keep good tribological property at wide range of temperature.
In Situ Observation of Formation Behavior of Adsorption Film in the Narrow Space Using Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Method
Authors: Fukuta Koki , Maegawa Satoru , Itoigawa Fumihiro , Nakamura Takashi
Published: June 2017

In this paper, an application of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) method to real-time and in-situ measurements of changes in adsorption film thickness, e.g., fatty acid adsorbed films, is presented. As discussed in the previous study, the high sensitivity and overall simplicity of its optical system make the SPR method advantageous for monitoring lubricant film thickness. In order to demonstrate the high sensitivity of the SPR method, in-situ and real-time adsorption film growth processes of stearic acid (additives) in hexadecane (base oil) were monitored using the Otto configuration. Based on a comparison between experimental and model calculation results, changes in the adsorption film thickness during a series of different contact tests were measured.
An In Situ End-Point Detection System Using Motor Power Signal for Chemical Mechanical Planarization Process
Authors: Li Hong Kai , Wang Tong Qing , Zhao De Wen , Luo Jianbin , Lu Xin Chun
Published: June 2017

Accurate determination of a chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) process reaching the end point is an important problem in the CMP process. In present work, the variation of the motor power signal of the polishing platen in the CMP process has been investigated, and the moving average method with 121-points moving window was used to smooth the original signal curve. Experiment results showed that the processed signal could facilitate the extraction of end-point feature for the in-situ end-point detection (EPD) system and it was relatively steady before and after the layer transition stage, which made it more reliable to detect the end point in situ. Comparing with other EPD methods, the system was less complicated, and it was easier to code for algorithm development. Finally, further analysis was performed and series of experiments provided a planarized via-revealed surface with low via dishing.
Development of Mixing Methods of UHMWPE/Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) Composites for Use in Artificial Joints
Authors: Tenison Nicholas , Baena Juan Carlos , Yu Jacky , Peng Zhong Xiao
Published: June 2017

This study focused on the mixing methods used in the manufacture of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) reinforced by multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and how these methods enhance the wear performance of the composite. Two mixing methods, ball milling and ultra-sonication, were used in this study, and the most effective forms of these mixing methods were analysed to allow an effective comparison. The performance of the mixing methods was evaluated through a comparison of wear volume loss, coefficient of friction, and hardness. The optimal power and mixing time for sonication in this study was determined and composites with 0.5% CNTs w/w concentration were conformed. It was evidenced that the mixing process influence the mechanical and wear performance of UHMWPE / MWCNTs composites and ultrasonication was identified as an effective mixing method that improves significantly the wear performance of the composite.
John Knox and education
Authors: Duncan Graham A.
Published: June 2017

John Knox the 16th century Scottish reformer made a lasting impact on the Scottish nation in the fields of society, politics, church and education. He is remembered mainly for his reform of the church but he also made a significant contribution to the reform of education, which has lasted until the present day and has impacted on other contexts. Although much of his vision was not realised during his lifetime, his mission continued nonetheless. He was a product of the late Medieval age and his transformation was completed by his experience alongside John Calvin in Geneva. This was then contextualised in his own Scottish situation. Here we examine his work in the field of education with particular reference to the First Book of Discipline. The outcome of his labours was a compulsory, universal system of free education, which involved character formation and enabled all to achieve the limit of their potential.
Spatiotemporal patterns of clinical bovine dermatophilosis in Zimbabwe 1995–2014
Authors: Ndhlovu Felistas , Ndhlovu Daud N. , Chikerema Sylvester M. , Masocha Mhosisi , Nyagura Mudavanhu , Pfukenyi Davies M.
Published: June 2017

A retrospective study of clinical bovine dermatophilosis outbreaks and cases for the period 1995–2014 was conducted, using data obtained from the Division of Veterinary Services (DVS). A total of 3856 outbreaks and 26 659 cases of dermatophilosis were reported countrywide during this period. The post rainy season accounted for 37.9% of the outbreaks followed by the rainy season (26.7%), cold dry season (22.1%) and the hot dry season (13.2%). A retrospective space–time scan statistic in SaTScanTM was used to detect clusters. From this study, it was evident that dermatophilosis was spreading from the north-west of Zimbabwe through the central to the north-east during the period 2010–2014. Five clusters were identified mainly in the central and north-western regions of Zimbabwe. The primary cluster was centred at Ungwe, Gokwe district in Midlands; the second, third, fourth and fifth likely clusters were centred at Bonga (Mashonaland Central), ARDA (Mashonaland West), Nsenga (Matabeleland North) and Zanda in Gokwe, respectively. The findings of this study suggest the continued spread of dermatophilosis across the country; as such the Department of Livestock and Veterinary Services are advised to develop measures aimed at managing this spread such as dipping, quarantine, movement control and raising farmer awareness.
Le mosaïcisme chez les carnivores domestiques
Authors: Jaraud-Darnault Ambre , Abitbol Marie
Published: June 2017

Mosaicism in domestic carnivores.

Mosaicism is a common genetic phenomenon that occurs in many pluricellular organisms and more particularly in female mammals. They are mosaics because of the X-chromosome inactivation. In domestic cats, this epigenetic phenomenon can moreover be seen at first glance on some individuals : tortie and calico cats. In fact, some males are very rarely seen with such a coat color, but they are most of the time sterile because of a chromosomic anomaly. Moreover, in dogs and cats, sex chromosome mosaicism, often described, may induce disorders of sexual development leading to sterility. Genetic tests could be a useful tool for clinicians in order to identify and distinguish mosaicism or chimerism.
Les acides gras saturés sont-ils vraiment mauvais ?
Authors: Lecerf Jean-Michel
Published: June 2017

Are saturated fat really nasty ?

This paper analyzes the relationship between the saturated fatty acids intake and the cardio-metabolic risk. After a short biochemical recall, a small historical note exhibits the basis of their deleterious effects. They rely on ecological studies and on the link between saturated fatty acids and high plasma level cholesterol. However the proven data on the lack of the relationship between saturated fatty acids and cardio-metabolic risk are actually numerous. We look at prospective studies, replacement studies, primary and secondary prevention trials, which show that globally saturated fatty acids have no harmful effect on that risk. But a sufficient intake (without excess) in omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is necessary. We describe briefly the effects of the saturated fatty acids on some cardio-metabolic risk factors and markers. The saturated fatty acids food source is a key factor in this respect that could explain some misinterpretation errors : the global balance of all fatty acids must be considered.
Actualités sur les vecteurs vaccinaux viraux
Authors: Bertagnoli Stéphane
Published: June 2017

Les vaccins destinés aux animaux appartiennent en majorité à deux grandes catégories : les vaccins à agents vivants et ceux à agents inertes. Les plus classiques d’entre eux sont employés depuis longtemps, mais les innovations technologiques ont considérablement enrichi les schémas vaccinaux, les stratégies variant selon des contraintes liées à des préoccupations, tant d’innocuité que d’efficacité ou encore de nature économique. Les efforts de recherche se sont en particulier orientés vers l’élaboration de nouveaux vaccins s’appuyant sur la mise au point de vecteurs viraux adaptés à diverses espèces animales (domestiques ou sauvages) ou à des situations épidémiologiques et économiques variées. Cette revue vise à faire le point sur le développement des vaccins vétérinaires vectorisés, en s’appuyant sur des exemples remarquables de vecteurs viraux à ADN (Poxviridae, Herpesviridae, Adenoviridae) ou à ARN (Paramyxoviridae, Flaviviridae, Togaviridae).
Dynamics and composition of the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone
Authors: Gottschaldt Klaus-Dirk , Schlager Hans , Baumann Robert , Cai Duy S. , Eyring Veronika , Graf Phoebe , Grewe Volker , Jöckel Patrick , Jurkat Tina , Voigt Christiane , Zahn Andreas , Ziereis Helmut
Published: June 2017

Abstract. This study places HALO research aircraft observations in the upper-tropospheric Asian summer monsoon anticyclone (ASMA) obtained during the Earth System Model Validation (ESMVal) campaign in September 2012 into the context of regional, intra-annual variability by hindcasts with the ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) model. The simulations demonstrate that tropospheric trace gas profiles in the monsoon season are distinct from the rest of the year. Air uplifted from the lower troposphere to the tropopause layer dominates the eastern part of the ASMA’s interior, while the western part is characterised by subsidence down to the mid-troposphere. Soluble compounds are being washed out when uplifted by convection in the eastern part, where lightning simultaneously replenishes reactive nitrogen in the upper troposphere. Net photochemical ozone production is significantly enhanced in the ASMA, contrasted by an ozone depleting regime in the mid-troposphere and more neutral conditions in autumn and winter. An analysis of multiple monsoon seasons in the simulation shows that stratospherically influenced tropopause layer air is regularly entrained at the eastern ASMA flank, and then transported in the southern fringe around the interior region. Observed and simulated tracer-tracer relations reflect photochemical O3 production, as well as in-mixing from the lower troposphere and the tropopause layer. The simulation additionally shows entrainment of clean air from the equatorial region by northerly winds at the western ASMA flank. Although the in situ measurements were performed towards the end of summer, the main ingredients needed for their interpretation are present throughout the monsoon season. A transition between two dynamical modes of the ASMA took place during the HALO ESMVal campaign. Transport barriers of the original anticyclone are overcome effectively when it splits up. Air from the fringe is stirred into the interiors of the new anticyclones and vice versa. Instabilities of this and other types occur quite frequently. Our study emphasises their paramountcy for the trace gas composition of the ASMA and its outflow into regions around the world.
Constraining a hybrid volatility basis-set model for aging of wood-burning emissions using smog chamber experiments: a box-model study based on the VBS scheme of the CAMx model (v5.40)
Authors: Ciarelli Giancarlo , El Haddad Imad , Bruns Emily , Aksoyoglu Sebnem , Möhler Ottmar , Baltensperger Urs , Prévôt André S. H.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. In this study, novel wood combustion aging experiments performed at different temperatures (263 and 288 K) in a ∼ 7 m3 smog chamber were modelled using a hybrid volatility basis set (VBS) box model, representing the emission partitioning and their oxidation against OH. We combine aerosol–chemistry box-model simulations with unprecedented measurements of non-traditional volatile organic compounds (NTVOCs) from a high-resolution proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-MS) and with organic aerosol measurements from an aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS). Due to this, we are able to observationally constrain the amounts of different NTVOC aerosol precursors (in the model) relative to low volatility and semi-volatile primary organic material (OMsv), which is partitioned based on current published volatility distribution data. By comparing the NTVOC ∕ OMsv ratios at different temperatures, we determine the enthalpies of vaporization of primary biomass-burning organic aerosols. Further, the developed model allows for evaluating the evolution of oxidation products of the semi-volatile and volatile precursors with aging. More than 30 000 box-model simulations were performed to retrieve the combination of parameters that best fit the observed organic aerosol mass and O : C ratios. The parameters investigated include the NTVOC reaction rates and yields as well as enthalpies of vaporization and the O : C of secondary organic aerosol surrogates. Our results suggest an average ratio of NTVOCs to the sum of non-volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds of ∼ 4.75. The mass yields of these compounds determined for a wide range of atmospherically relevant temperatures and organic aerosol (OA) concentrations were predicted to vary between 8 and 30 % after 5 h of continuous aging. Based on the reaction scheme used, reaction rates of the NTVOC mixture range from 3.0 × 10−11 to 4. 0 × 10−11 cm3 molec−1 s−1. The average enthalpy of vaporization of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) surrogates was determined to be between 55 000 and 35 000 J mol−1, which implies a yield increase of 0.03–0.06 % K−1 with decreasing temperature. The improved VBS scheme is suitable for implementation into chemical transport models to predict the burden and oxidation state of primary and secondary biomass-burning aerosols.
Countervailing regional snowfall patterns dampen Antarctic surface
mass variability
Authors: Fyke Jeremy , Lenaerts Jan , Wang Hailong
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Snowfall over Antarctica, the dominant term of the Antarctic surface mass balance, displays large regional heterogeneity in temporal variability patterns. This heterogeneity has the potential to dampen variability in integrated Antarctic surface mass trends by counteracting increases in snowfall in one location with decreases in another (and vice versa). To examine the presence of countervailing regional snowfall patterns, here we present an analysis of spatial patterns of regional Antarctic snowfall variability, their broader climate drivers and their impact on integrated Antarctic snowfall variability simulated as part of a preindustrial 1800 year equilibrated Earth System Model simulation. Correlation and composite analyses based on this output allow for a statistically robust exploration of Antarctic snowfall variability. We uncover statistically significant countervailing snowfall patterns across Antarctica that are corraborated by regional modelling and ice core records. These countervailing patterns are driven by variability in large-scale atmospheric moisture transport and cause large spatial heterogeneity in temporal variability, with a dampening effect on overall Antarctic snowfall variability magnitude. This dampening has implications for regulation of Antarctic-sourced sea level variability, detection of an emergent anthropogenic signal in Antarctic mass trends and identification of AIS mass loss accelerations.
La producción cinematográfica en Andalucía durante la Guerra Civil
Authors: Pérez Rufí José Patricio , Gómez Pérez Francisco
Published: June 2017

Este artículo examina la relación de Andalucía con la producción fílmica realizada durante la Guerra Civil española. El estallido de la contienda en Andalucía provoca la división tanto de medios como de infraestructuras de la industria cinematográfica, quedando en Andalucía al servicio propagandístico del lado nacional. Andalucía sigue dotando de escenarios a las cintas coproducidas con Alemania. El único filme de producción andaluza registrado durante estos años es La casa de la Troya (1936) de Adolfo Aznar y Juan Vilá Vilamala, por parte de Andalucía Cinematográfica (A.C.S.A.), empresa de Málaga.
Transmisión de la ideología falangista a través de los artículos dedicados a la música en la revista Consigna (1941-1944)
Authors: Manrique Arribas Juan Carlos , Monreal Guerrero Inés , Vicente-Mariño Miguel
Published: June 2017

En este artículo se analizan los mensajes aparecidos en el apartado dedicado a la música de la revista Consigna, editada por la Sección Femenina de Falange, durante el primer periodo del franquismo (1941-1944). Se ha querido comprobar si en ellos se transmitieron los valores ideológicos falangistas que el régimen quería asentar entre las mujeres y en el conjunto de la población infantil femenina. Para descubrirlo se ha utilizado una metodología basada en el análisis documental de contenido cualitativo, mediante el establecimiento de unas categorías temáticas seleccionadas a partir de los principios ideológicos de la Falange. Se determina que la música fue un instrumento utilizado tanto para enseñar los conocimientos básicos relativos a esta disciplina como para difundir los mensajes doctrinales que trataron de sensibilizar a las mujeres y conseguir así que este colectivo se integrase en la sociedad franquista.
Investigar la comunicación con métodos biográficos. Propuestas de estudio
Authors: Soriano Clemente Jaume
Published: June 2017

El artículo examina el uso de los métodos biográficos para el estudio de la comunicación mediática. Para ello se repasan las principales investigaciones realizadas con métodos biográficos en antropología y sociología, y se analiza el uso de estos métodos en los estudios sobre producción y sobre recepción mediática. El texto sostiene que nuevos enfoques de la investigación con métodos biográficos pueden ampliar los conocimientos sobre la comunicación mediática en las sociedades modernas. Por último, se sugieren tres líneas de investigación en las que los métodos biográficos pueden contribuir a hacer una investigación crítica: el estudio de trayectorias personales y medios; procesos de cambio social; y memoria colectiva.
El papel de la experiencia histórica y la confianza en la comunicación de tecnologías emergentes: el caso de las nanotecnologías
Authors: Foladori Guillermo , García Guerrero Miguel , García Guerrero Miguel
Published: June 2017

Existe abundante literatura sobre los cambios en la relación Ciencia, Tecnología y Sociedad en las últimas décadas, así como la evolución de la comunicación pública de la ciencia y tecnología (CPCT), sin embargo se ha dado poca atención al origen de posturas antagónicas en controversias relacionadas con la ciencia y tecnología (C&T). Este artículo utiliza la dicotomía relaciones técnicas- relaciones sociales como instrumental teórico para explicar la razón de fondo de la diferente percepción de una tecnología emergente en diferentes sectores sociales, y se usa el caso empírico de las nanotecnologías como ejemplo. Se concluye que la experiencia histórica de las relaciones sociales debe considerarse un criterio esencial para el análisis de riesgo y para la práctica de la CPCT.
Genetic Privacy, Big Gene Data, and the Internet Panopticon
Authors: Sorgner Stefan Lorenz
Published: June 2017

In this article, I show that by promoting a radical concept of goodness and thereby also the norm of negative freedom, we can limit the challenges related to the Internet panopticon, while we can enjoy the benefits connected with the knowledge we gain from scientific research concerning the power of genes. Initially, I stress the relevance of genetic technologies, and I particularly focus on the issue of gene analysis. Such analysis demands the use and the processing of the related information via the Internet, so that the issue of genetic privacy arises, which is different from traditional privacy issues, because it can also have consequences for other members of one’s biological family. Consequently, I deal with the question of privacy given the background of the Internet panopticon in which all of us live. Due to the totalitarian tendencies of the Internet panopticon, the question arises of how we can continue to benefit from the use of gene analysis without having to fear the dangers and privacy issues related to the Internet panopticon.
Factores determinantes que influyen para el emprendimiento de microempresas en el municipio de León, Nicaragua.
Authors: Amador Ruiz Justa Pastora , Briones-Peñalver Antonio Juan
Published: June 2017

En este artículo se analiza la influencia de los factores socioeconómicos y psicosociales del emprendimiento femenino. Para ello, se ha empleado una muestra de 101 constituida por mujeres emprendedoras en el municipio de León, Nicaragua. Los resultados indican  que todas las variables razonadas ejercen una significativa influencia sobre la  probabilidad de emprender, los factores sociodemográficos aumenta cuando disponen de habilidades, conocimientos y  cuentan con un contacto temprano en el mundo empresarial. A la luz de los resultados obtenidos estos confirman las relaciones establecidas en el modelo de investigación.