bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gene coexpression network analysis reveals a novel metabolic mechanism of Clostridium acetobutylicum responding to phenolic inhibitors from lignocellulosic hydrolysates
Authors: Liu Huanhuan , Zhang Jing , Yuan Jian , Jiang Xiaolong , Jiang Lingyan , Li Zhenjing , Yin Zhiqiu , Du Yuhui , Zhao Guang , Liu Bin , Huang Di
Published: September 2020

Background

Lignocellulosic biomass is a promising resource of renewable biochemicals and biofuels. However, the presence of inhibitors existing in lignocellulosic hydrolysates (LCH) is a great challenge to acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation byClostridium acetobutylicum. In particular, phenolic compounds (PCs) from LCH severely block ABE production even at low concentrations. Thus, it is urgent to gain insight into the intracellular metabolic disturbances caused by phenolic inhibitors and elucidate the underlying mechanisms to identify key industrial bottlenecks that undermine efficient ABE production.

Results

In this study, a time-course of ABE fermentation byC. acetobutylicumin the presence of four typical PCs (syringaldehyde, vanillin, ferulic acid, andp-coumaric acid) was characterized, respectively. Addition of PCs caused different irreversible effects on ABE production. Specifically, syringaldehyde showed the greatest inhibition to butanol production, followed by vanillin, ferulic acid, andp-coumaric acid. Subsequently, a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) based on RNA-sequencing data was applied to identify metabolic perturbations caused by four LCH-derived PCs, and extract the gene modules associated with extracellular fermentation traits. The hub genes in each module were subjected to protein–protein interaction analysis and enrichment analysis. The results showed that functional modules were PC-dependent and shared some unique features. Specifically,p-coumaric acid caused the most extensive transcriptomic disturbances, particularly affecting the gene expressions of ribosome proteins and the assembly of flagella, DNA replication, repair, and recombination; the addition of syringaldehyde caused significant metabolic disturbances on the gene expressions of ribosome proteins, starch and sucrose metabolism; vanillin mainly disturbed purine metabolism, sporulation and signal transduction; and ferulic acid caused a metabolic disturbance on glycosyl transferase-related gene expressions.

Conclusion

This study uncovers novel insights into the inhibitory mechanisms of PCs for the first time and provides guidance for future metabolic engineering efforts, which establishes a powerful foundation for the development of phenol-tolerant strains ofC. acetobutylicumfor economically sustainable ABE production with high productivity from lignocellulosic biomass.
Adult Langerhans cell histiocytosis presenting with multisystem involvement and sarcomatoid features: a case report
Authors: Aguirre Luis E. , Schwartz Ingrid , Chapman Jennifer , Larsen Marcelo F. , Alencar Alvaro
Published: September 2020

Background

Langerhans cell tumors are rare clonal disorders characterized by neoplastic proliferation of dendritic cells that can be further classified into the subtypes Langerhans cell histiocytosis and Langerhans cell sarcoma, which are rare neoplasms exhibiting aggressive features and a poor prognosis. In addition to illustrating the refractoriness and poor outcomes of multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis in adults, specific events in this case highlight important characteristics of disease biology that warrant detailed discussion and exposition to a wider audience.

Case presentation

We describe the case of a 42-year-old Caucasian man with Langerhans cell histiocytosis diagnosed from a lesion on the left arm that presented with constitutional symptoms, early satiety, and weight loss. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed extensive esophageal and duodenal involvement by Langerhans cell histiocytosis with features of Langerhans cell sarcoma. He was initially treated for Langerhans cell histiocytosis with low doses of cytarabine until he eventually presented clear transformation to acute monoblastic leukemia with complex karyotype that could not be properly controlled, leading eventually to death.

Conclusions

Langerhans cell histiocytosis remains an exceedingly rare entity in adults, frequently presenting as multisystem disease with risk organ involvement. Langerhans cell sarcoma represents an aggressive subtype with extremely poor prognosis for which intensive acute myeloid leukemia induction should be strongly considered.
Numerical solution of certain Cauchy singular integral equations using a collocation scheme
Authors: Seifi Ali
Published: September 2020

The present study is devoted to developing a computational collocation technique for solving the Cauchy singular integral equation of the second kind (CSIE-2). Although, several studies have investigated the numerical approximation solution of CSIEs, the strong singularity and accuracy of the numerical methods are still two important challenges for these integral equations. In this paper, we focus on the smooth transformation and implementation of Bessel basis polynomials (BBP). The reduction of the CSIEs-2 into a system of algebraic equations with the Gauss–Legendre collocation points simplifies this technique. The technique of performing numerical approximation of the solution is well presented and illustrated in the matrix form. Also, the convergence and error bound associated with the scheme are established. Finally, several experiments show the reliability and numerical efficiency of the proposed scheme in comparison with other methods.
Response evaluation of cervical lymph nodes after chemoradiation in patients with head and neck cancer - does additional [18F]FDG-PET-CT help?
Authors: Dejaco Daniel , Uprimny Christian , Widmann Gerlig , Riedl David , Moser Patrizia , Arnold Christoph , Steinbichler Teresa Bernadette , Kofler Barbara , Schartinger Volker Hans , Virgolini Irene , Riechelmann Herbert
Published: September 2020

Background

Contrast-enhanced high-resolution computed tomography (contrast-CT) is a standard imaging modality following primary concurrent radiochemotherapy (RCT) for response evaluation in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We investigated the additional benefit of Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) - positron emission tomography with computed tomography (PET-CT), if complete response (CR) in the neck based on contrast-CT was considered unsafe by the interdisciplinary tumor board (ITB).

Methods

In a retrospective observational study, patients recorded in the institutional tumor registry with incident advanced HNSCC following first line treatment with RCT were eligible. If contrast-CT results of the neck were equivocal or positive at response evaluation, a neck dissection (ND) was scheduled. While waiting for the ND, a [18F]FDG-PET-CT was performed in addition. The histopathological outcome of ND served as reference criterion. Accuracy parameters including sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for both, contrast-CT and PET-CT, served as main outcome parameters.

Results

A total of 41 HNSCC patients with positive or equivocal posttreatment contrast-CT were eligible for post-RCT-ND. Of these, 33 received an additional [18F]FDG-PET-CT prior to surgery. Median interval between completion of RCT and the ([18F]FDG)-PET-CT was 10 weeks. Vital persistent tumor in the neck was histopathologically found in 13 of 33 patients with positive or equivocal posttreatment contrast-CT. For contrast-CT and [18F]FDG-PET-CT, sensitivity was 92.3 and 69.2% and did not differ statistically significantly (p = 0.250) whereas specificity was significantly higher for [18F]FDG-PET-CT compared with contrast-CT (80% vs. 25%, p = 0.001). For contrast-CT and [18F]FDG-PET-CT accuracy, PPV and NPV was 31.7, 12.0,96.7 and 78.9, 27.8,95.0%, respectively.

Conclusion

A negative [18F]FDG-PET-CT did not improve the exclusion of persistent vital tumor in the neck after primary RCT in comparison with contrast-CT alone. However, a positive [18F]FDG-PET-CT was a considerably better indicator of persistent, vital tumor in the neck than contrast-CT. If, based on the [18F]FDG-PET-CT result, the ND in patients with an uncertain or positive neck response in contrast CT had been omitted, the treatment of persistent nodal disease would have been delayed in 3 of 13 patients. On the other hand, if ND would have only been performed in [18F]FDG-PET-CT positive patients, an unnecessary ND would have been avoided in 11 of 20 patients.
Antibiotic prescribing habits of the clinicians dealing with dental implant surgery in Turkey: a questionnaire study
Authors: Yalcin-Ülker Gül Merve , Cakir Merve , Meral Deniz Gökce
Published: September 2020

Purpose

Although various prophylactic and/or postoperative systemic antibiotic regimens have been suggested to minimize failure after dental implant placement and postoperative infection, the role of antibiotics in implant dentistry is still controversial. The purposes of this questionnaire study were to determine the current antibiotic prescribing habits of clinicians in conjunction with dental implant placement and to understand whether any consensus has been reached among implant surgery performing clinicians.

Methods

An electronic questionnaire was sent by electronic mail to all members of the Turkish Dental Society. The questions were related to whether antibiotics were routinely prescribed either pre- or/and postoperatively during routine dental implant placement. The respondents were also asked to specify their workplace and education. The results were analyzed using SPSS software. Descriptive and chi-square analyses were used to compare categorical data; Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare the quantitative data by category.

Results

A total of 429 members responded to the questionnaire. The clinicians having more experience had a greater tendency to prescribe preoperative antibiotics (p < 0.001), but there was no statistically significant difference between the postoperative antibiotic prescription choice of the clinician according to the clinicians’ experience (p > 0.05). A total of 175 of the clinicians preferred to prescribe preoperative antibiotics when there was systemic comorbidity; 99 of the clinicians preferred to prescribe antibiotics before every implant surgery. The aminopenicillins were the most commonly prescribed antibiotics by the clinicians. A total of 38.58% of the respondents (n = 130) who were prescribing preoperative antibiotics, 2000 mg aminopenicillin was given 1 h before the surgical procedure. Dentists and solo private practitioners were prescribing more preoperative antibiotics (p < 0,05).

Conclusions

There was no consensus among clinicians regarding the use of antibiotics in association with routine dental implant placement. Aminopenicillins were the most commonly prescribed antibiotics for both pre- and postoperatively. Furthermore, most of the antibiotic regimens being used are not in accordance with the current published data.
Association of lifestyle elements with self-rated wellness and health status in patients with Behcet’s disease
Authors: Masoumi Maryam , Tabaraii Reihane , Shakiba Saeed , Shakeri Mansoureh , Smiley Abbas
Published: September 2020

Background

Assessment of the association of various lifestyle factors and wellness and health status in patients with Behcet’s disease was the main goal of this study.

Methods

Demographic information, body mass index, smoking habit, mood status, sleep quality, physical activity levels, nutritional data, symptoms, signs, laboratory findings and patient reported outcome (self-rated wellness and health) in 52 patients with Behcet’s disease were collected in this cross-sectional study. A multivariable linear regression model was used to assess the association of self-rated wellness and health status and lifestyle factors, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, major symptoms and signs, as well as laboratory findings.

Results

Female to male ratio was 21/31, and the mean age of participants was 44 years. Mean self-rated wellness and health score was 14.6 out of 20. Oral and genital aphthous, ocular involvement, pathergy, and skin involvement were observed in 100, 52, 92, 36.5, and 9.5% of patients, respectively. The mean values of sleep, mood and nutrition quality scores were 17.7 (out of 70), 13.8 (out of 35), and 9 (out of 21), respectively. Univariable regression analysis showed a significant association between sleep quality, mood status, and disease duration, with patients’ status in terms of self-rated wellness and health. In multivariable linear regression, sleep quality was the only significant predictive variable associated with self-rated wellness and health.

Conclusion

Sleep quality was the most important factor associated with low self-rated wellness and health status in patients with Behcet’s disease.
Impacts of Type 2 Diabetes on Disease Severity, Therapeutic Effect, and Mortality of Patients With COVID-19
Authors: Wang Xiaoli , Liu Zhengru , Li Jiao , Zhang Jixiang , Tian Shan , Lu Shimin , Qi Mingming , Ma Jingjing , Qiu Bo , Dong Weiguo , Xu Yu
Published: September 2020

Purpose

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a topic of concern worldwide; however, the impacts of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on disease severity, therapeutic effect, and mortality of patients with COVID-19 are unclear.

Methods

All consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to the Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 11 to February 6, 2020, were included in this study.

Results

A total of 663 patients with COVID-19 were included, while 67 patients with T2DM accounted for 10.1% of the total. Compared with patients with COVID-19 without T2DM, those with T2DM were older (aged 66 years vs 57 years; P < 0.001) and had a male predominance (62.7% vs 37.3%; P = 0.019) and higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (61.2% vs 20.6%; P < 0.001) and urinary diseases (9% vs 2.5%; P = 0.014). Patients with T2DM were prone to developing severe (58.2% vs 46.3%; P = 0.002) and critical COVID-19 (20.9% vs 13.4%; P = 0.002) and having poor therapeutic effect (76.1% vs 60.4%; P = 0.017). But there was no obvious difference in the mortality between patients with COVID-19 with and without T2DM (4.5% vs 3.7%; P = 0.732). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified that T2DM was associated with poor therapeutic effect in patients with COVID-19 (odd ratio [OR] 2.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-8.66; P = 0.04). Moreover, having a severe and critical COVID-19 condition (OR 3.27; 95% CI, 1.02-9.00; P = 0.029) and decreased lymphocytes (OR 1.59; 95% CI, 1.10-2.34; P = 0.016) were independent risk factors associated with poor therapeutic effect in patients with COVID-19 with T2DM.

Conclusions

T2DM influenced the disease severity and therapeutic effect and was one of the independent risk factors for poor therapeutic effect in patients with COVID-19.
An Exercise Prescription for COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: AKTUĞ Zait Burak , AKTUĞ DEMİR Nazlım
Published: September 2020

COVID-19 is an alarming public health concern worldwide. COVID-19 is highly contagious and has no approved treatment or vaccine yet. Therefore, the best strategy is prevention. Studies have shown that a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, balanced eating, and quality sleep are the key elements for protection from this disease. We are going through a distressful period as a nation and as the human race in general. We need to manage this period in the best way possible in physiological and psychological terms. Physical activity is one of the major steps in managing this period in a healthy way. Individuals should be provided information about exercise so that they can perform correct physical activities within their means. This article presents an exercise prescription that can be followed in the days of the COVID-19 pandemic.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.2929

How to cite this:Aktug ZB, Demir NA. An Exercise Prescription for COVID-19 Pandemic. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(7):1732-1736. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.2929

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Study on the Correlation between Metabolism, Insulin Sensitivity and progressive weight loss change in Type-2 Diabetes
Authors: Kong De-Xian , Xiao Yan-xin , Zhang Zhen-Xi , Liu Ya-Bin
Published: September 2020

Objective: To observe the changes of lipid metabolism, blood glucose level and insulin sensitivity in patients with Type-2 diabetes after progressive weight loss of their body weight, so as to lay a theoretical foundation for diabetes treatment and education in the future.

Methods: One hundred obese patients with Type-2 diabetes (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) who visited the endocrinology department of our hospital from April 2017 to April 2018 were given diabetes health education, diabetic diet, exercise and other measures to control their weight. The changes of blood glucose, blood lipid, insulin level and insulin release test before weight loss (T1), and at the time points of weight loss reached 5% (T2), 10% (T3) and 15% (T4) were recorded respectively to understand the influence of progressive weight loss on relevant indexes of patients.

Results: With the decrease of body weight, the differences of TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C at different weight loss points were significant (p < 0.05), and the changes of fasting blood glucose in 5% and 10% weight loss were significant (p = 0.02). The 2h postprandial blood glucose showed the most significant difference when the weight loss reached 15% (p = 0.00). There was no statistical difference in the change of glycosylated hemoglobin among different weight loss points (p = 0.08). When the weight loss reached 10%, the blood insulin level was significantly lower than that before the weight loss, while the insulin level was not significantly changed when the weight loss reached 15%, but the peak of secretion was shifted forward. It is suggested that insulin sensitivity gradually increases with weight loss.

Conclusion: Obese patients with Type-2 diabetes can benefit from weight loss, with abnormal blood glucose and lipid metabolism improved, insulin resistance relieved, and insulin sensitivity increased.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.3027

How to cite this:Kong DX, Xiao Y, Zhang Z, Liu Y. Study on the Correlation between Metabolism, Insulin Sensitivity and progressive weight loss change in Type-2 Diabetes. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(7):1523-1528. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.3027

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Common Cancers in Karachi, Pakistan: 2010-2019 Cancer Data from the Dow Cancer Registry
Authors: Qureshi Muhammad Asif , Khan Saeed , Sharafat Shaheen , Quraishy Mohammed Saeed
Published: September 2020

Objectives: To present 2010-2019 cancer data from the Dow Cancer Registry representing all districts of Karachi (~17.4 million).

Methods: The study was conducted at the Dow University of Health Sciences. After ethical approval, the Dow Cancer Registry was established at the largest government-run diagnostic and reference center of Karachi (Dow Labs). All cancers registered during 2010-2019 were analyzed. Patients >18years of age were labeled as adults while those with ages ≤18years were classified as children/young adults.

Results: During 2010-2019, a total of 22,858 cancers were registered. Of these, 9,112(39.9%) cancers were diagnosed in males while 13,746(60.1%) in females. Incidence rates for all cancers (all ages) were 108/1,00,000 for males and 188.6/1,00,000 for females. In adult males, cancer of lip and oral cavity was the most frequently diagnosed cancer (33.6%), followed by non-melanoma –skin-cancer (NMSC) (7.2%), oesophagus (6.8%), colorectum (6.7%) and stomach (4.9%). In adult females, breast cancer was the most frequently recorded malignancy (53.2%), followed by cancers of lip and oral cavity (10.4%), oesophagus (5.3%), colorectum (3.3%) and NMSC (3%). In children, most common malignancy was that of brain and nervous system (15.3%), followed by Hodgkin’s lymphoma (14.2%), colorectum (8.1%), endocrine-&-related organs (8%) and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (7.8%)

Conclusion: Cancers of lip and oral cavity and breast cancer were the most common malignancies in males and females respectively. In paediatric group, cancers of brain and nervous system were most common. Alarmingly, Karachi males have highest ASR of cancers of lip and oral cavity compared to any other city of Pakistan.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.3056

How to cite this:Qureshi MA, Khan S, Sharafat S, Quraishy MS. Common Cancers in Karachi, Pakistan: 2010-2019 Cancer Data from the Dow Cancer Registry. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(7):1572-1578. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.3056

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Effect of group counseling on the attitude among the family caregivers of patients with mental disorders
Authors: Sadeghian Efat , Pourmoradi Farnaz , shamsaei Farshid , Tapak Lily
Published: September 2020

Aim of the study

Introduction: Incorrect beliefs and negative thinking of society and in the family affect psychiatric patients over the process of treatment, care and recovery. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of group counseling on the attitude of family caregivers in patients with mental disorders.

Subject or material and methods

Method: This quasi experimental study was conducted in psychiatric wards of Farshchian Hospital in Hamadan in Iran in 2018. 49 family caregivers were randomly selected to the study. Data were collected using a researcher-made mental attitude questionnaire. At first, family caregivers' attitudes were evaluated; then, they held 4 groups and for each group done 4 sessions of 60 minutes of group counseling. The questionnaire was completed again by the family caregivers immediately after the intervention. Data analysis was done using SPSS software version 16 using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results

Results: The mean of the attitude of the family caregivers before the group counseling was (12.59 ± 13.49). The mean of the attitude score of family caregivers after group counseling was (24.45 ± 8.32). Paired t-test showed that the attitude score of caregivers increased significantly after group counseling (p <0.001).

Discussion

The results of the study indicate that group counseling improves the attitude of family caregivers towards mental illness.

Conclusions

Therefore, it is recommended that psychiatric nurses use this method to educate families of mental patients.
The role of the interaction between the FKBP5 gene and stressful life events in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia: A narrative review
Authors: Stramecki Filip , Frydecka Dorota , Misiak Błażej
Published: September 2020

Stressful life events have been associated with increased risk for development of schizophrenia and play a pivotal role in its psychopathology. Genes related to stress response, such as FKBP5 gene associated with hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, modulate brain response to childhood trauma and determine individual susceptibility for development and course of psychosis. It this review we provide an overview of FKBP5 gene role in human neurophysiology, its association with HPA axis and its role in stress response system in animals and humans. Moreover, we took a closer look on the studies showing the interaction between FKBP5 gene and stressful life events in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. We explain how interactions between trauma and FKBP5 gene polymorphisms contribute to development of the disease, severity of psychotic symptoms and cognitive disturbances. We also discuss epigenetic modifications that may contribute to altered HPA axis reactivity to stress entailing higher risk for development of psychosis. Considering the pivotal role of FKBP5 gene in physiopathology of schizophrenia we discuss a possible use of new therapeutic agents that may influence HPA axis activity related to the FKBP5 protein especially in individuals exposed to early trauma.
The health behaviour of homosexual and heterosexual women in context of theory of salutogenesis
Authors: Kotowska Joanna , Nizio Ewa , Kurpisz Jacek
Published: September 2020

Aim of the study

Comparison of the particular health behaviours and levels of sense of coherence between groups of women who have sex with women (WSW) and women who have sex only with men.

Subject or material and methods

The groups of 33 WSW and 31 women who have sex only with men were investigated. The health behaviours were studied with Inventory of Health Behaviours and the author’s survey, physical activity the Polish version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, the sense of coherence with SOC-29 scale. Probability of harmful or risky alcohol drinking was verified by the screening test CAGE (abbreviation from: Cut, Angry, Guilty, Empty).

Results

Women who have sex exclusively with men scored higher than WSW in the positive mental attitude. WSW reported more frequent sexual contacts with strangers, admitted using more various psychoactive substances. WSW had lower rates of sense of comprehensibility and manageability and higher level of physical activity.

Discussion

WSW and women who have sex only with men show many similarities in their health behaviour and sense of coherence. All the observed differences concern some aspects of less traditional and less healthy lifestyle and less positive mental attitude among WSW. It can be explained by a psychosocial situation and experienced minority stress in this population. Our observation coincides with the results of previous studies.

Conclusions

WSW present characteristics which predispose to having more health problems, than women who have sexual contacts exclusively with men. We conclude that WSW should become receivers of special health prevention programs, adjusted to their specific needs.
Communication competence and the intensity of anxiety and stress in medical staff – a preliminary report
Authors: Szułdrzyński Konstanty , Cyranka Katarzyna , Nowina Konopka Maria , Dudek Dominika , Makara-Studzińska Marta
Published: September 2020

Aim of the study

Communication competencies are crucial in healthcare. Medical staff is exposed to increased emotional stress. It is still unclear, whether the level of communication competencies correlates with stress associated with professional work in healthcare providers. The aim of this study was to determine this relationship and investigate the models of coping with stress among different professional groups in the hospital wards.

Subject or material and methods

Methods: The study involved interviewing medical personnel (N=93, 69 female, doctors, nurses, psychologists) to collect the psychological parameters including stress, anxiety, coping strategies and communication skills.

Results

Results: Nurses use less often task oriented coping with stress than doctors, while psychologists have higher level of avoidance-oriented style than doctors and nurses. Important associations between readiness for cooperation and the stress levels in doctors (positive) and psychologists (negative) were detected.

Discussion

The level of communication barriers correlated strongly negatively with the level of stress in psychologists.
There are important relationships between cooperation and stress levels, individual communication style and anxiety levels.

Conclusions

Healthcare professionals use various coping strategies when exposed to stressful situations which depend partly on their profession. The coping strategies used correlate with the communication strategies. Moreover, the level of anxiety is associated with communication competence.
Familism – the concept, measure and importance for mental health
Authors: Walęcka-Matyja Katarzyna
Published: September 2020

Cel pracy

Celem przeprowadzonych badań było określenie psychometrycznych właściwości polskiej adaptacji Skali Familizmu.

Metoda

W badaniach uczestniczyło 580 osób (339 kobiet i 241 mężczyzn) od 18 do 81 roku życia (M=35; SD=15,49). Zastosowano następujące narzędzia badawcze: Skala Familizmu, Skala Materializmu oraz Skala do Pomiaru Orientacji Sprawczej i Wspólnotowej.

Wyniki

Analiza struktury czynnikowej Skali Familizmu z wykorzystaniem konfirmacyjnej analizy czynnikowej (CFA) nie potwierdziła adekwatności dopasowania zakładanego modelu do danych. Rezultaty eksploracyjnej analizy głównych składowych (EFA) wskazały na występowanie pięciu wymiarów wyjaśniających 51,14% wariancji wyników. Należały do nich: Szacunek (α=0,91), Sukces materialny i osiągnięcia (α=0,87), Religia (α=0,95), Indywidualizm (α=0,63) i Wsparcie rodzinne (α=0,70). Trafność teoretyczną Skali Familizmu zweryfikowano analizując korelacje pomiędzy wyodrębnionymi skalami a wynikami na Skalach do Pomiaru Orientacji Sprawczej i Wspólnotowej oraz na Skali Materializmu. Otrzymane wartości współczynników korelacji były o słabej sile, ale zgodne z oczekiwanym kierunkiem.

Wnioski

Polska adaptacja skali do badania familizmu jest narzędziem o dobrych właściwościach psychometrycznych, pozwalającym na wielowymiarowy pomiar psychologicznych aspektów familizmu w okresie dorosłości. Może być rekomendowana do użytku w badaniach naukowych jak i stosowana praktyce terapeutycznej.
Polish adaptation of the Prodromal Questionnaire–Brief version PQ–B(PL) in psychiatric patients and healthy persons
Authors: Starkowska Anna , Kucharska-Mazur Jolanta , Mak Monika , Samochowiec Jerzy
Published: September 2020

Cel pracy

Typowe dla zaburzeń z kręgu psychoz doświadczenia poznawcze i afektywne mogą występować w lżejszym nasileniu również w ogólnej populacji. Umiejętność odróżniania ich od stanów prodromalnych, poprzedzających wybuch pełnoobjawowej psychozy, stanowi ważny element profilaktyki i wczesnego wykrywania oznak wysokiego ryzyka nagłego pogorszenia stanu zdrowia psychicznego. W odpowiedzi na dotychczasowy brak narzędzi kwestionariuszowych pozwalających na ocenę doświadczeń para-psychotycznych (PLE) podjęto próbę adaptacji kwestionariusza PQ-B do warunków polskiej populacji.

Metoda

Badaniem pilotażowym objęto 652 osoby (66% kobiet) w wieku 18 – 78 lat, z czego około 10% stanowili pacjenci leczeni psychiatrycznie. Wykorzystano polskie tłumaczenie PQ-B(PL) oraz kwestionariusze O-LIFE, HCL-33, SWLS i TCT-DP.

Wyniki

Potwierdzono jednoczynnikową strukturę narzędzia, jego zadowalającą rzetelność (α>0,85) oraz trafność teoretyczną, pozyskując 21-itemowy samoopisowy kwestionariusz pozwalający ocenić częstotliwość występowania PLE w ciągu ostatniego miesiąca oraz nasilenie towarzyszącego im dystresu. Wykazano istotne zależności pomiędzy wynikami PQ-B a przejawami schizotypii (zwłaszcza niecodziennymi doświadczeniami i poznawczą dezorganizacją), typową dla hipomanii labilnością (p<0,05) i pogorszeniem nastroju (p>0,001) oraz myśleniem niestereotypowym (p>0,05).

Wnioski

PQ-B może być narzędziem przydatnym w polskiej praktyce klinicznej i badaniach naukowych, wypełniając lukę w dostępnych w Polsce narzędziach pomiaru cech z pogranicza zdrowia i psychopatologii.
Stigmatization of individuals suffering from mental illness and methods of counteraction – analysis of the statements of the elderly
Authors: Bańbura Anna , Opoczyńska-Morasiewicz Małgorzata
Published: September 2020

Cel pracy

Stygmatyzacja tych, którzy zdają się być odmienni na powierzchownym lub głębszym poziomie prowadzi do wielu negatywnych konsekwencji, jak np. utrudniony proces zdrowienia w przypadku osób chorujących psychicznie. Tendencja do stygmatyzacji przejawia się w większości grup wiekowych, ale grupa osób starszych zdaje się być pominięta zarówno w obszarze badań nad samym zjawiskiem jak i nad metodami przeciwdziałania mu. Celem badania był opis doświadczenia kontaktu seniorów z osobami chorującymi psychicznie oraz wyróżnienie zarówno przejawów stygmatyzacji jak i gotowości do spotkania się z nimi. Dodatkowym celem badania było podjęcie refleksji nad metodami przeciwdziałania stygmatyzacji, co ma miejsce w dyskusji.

Metoda

Dane uzyskane w ramach czterech wywiadów grupowych były analizowane z użyciem metody jakościowej opartej na myśli hermeneutycznej i fenomenologicznej.

Wyniki

Wyodrębniłyśmy trzy główne wymiary: Przekonania na temat przyczyn zapadania na choroby psychiczne, Emocjonalne nastawienie do osób chorujących psychicznie i Zachowania przejawiane w kontaktach z osobami chorującymi psychicznie.
Zaobserwowałyśmy zarówno gotowość do stygmatyzacji osób dotkniętych chorobą psychiczną (obwinianie, chęć kontroli, towarzyszący im lęk) jak i do uznania i spotkania z uwzględnieniem ich autonomii.

Wnioski

Proponujemy metody przeciwdziałania stygmatyzacji takie jak przybliżanie jej odbiorcom myśli egzystencjalnej i ewolucyjnej, rozwijanie wyobraźni czy też zachęcanie do konfrontowania powszechnych stereotypów z indywidualnymi historiami chorujących osób.
Positive psychotherapy for psychosis – a new approach in the rehabilitation of patients suffering from schizophrenia
Authors: Kasperek-Zimowska Beata , Giguere Marta , Bednarek Agata , Żochowska Agnieszka , Sawicka Maryla
Published: September 2020

W pracy opisano Pozytywną Psychoterapię Psychoz (PPP) - nowe podejście w rehabilitacji pacjentów z rozpoznaniem schizofrenii. W przeciwieństwie do niektórych tradycyjnych metod psychoterapii, PPP koncentruje się na pozytywach, a nie na problemach. Ukazano ją w kontekście innych podejść terapeutycznych stosowanych w rehabilitacji psychiatrycznej, a także opisano mechanizm zmian w funkcjonowaniu i myśleniu pacjentów korzystających z tego podejścia. PPP wzmacnia zasoby pacjentów, w tym pozytywne emocje, mocne strony, poczucie sensu, relacje pozytywne i wewnętrzne motywacje. PPP nie sugeruje, że inne podejścia są niewłaściwe, ani nie ma na celu zastąpienia ugruntowanych już sposobów leczenia. Opisano także program 13-stu sesji PPP przystosowanych dla pacjentów ze schizofrenią podzielonych na 3 grypy tematyczne i pod względem stopnia trudności . Podzielono je na: "najłatwiejszy" (delektowanie się, pozytywne rzeczy, sesje 1-4), „średni” (mocne cechy charakteru, rozpoznanie mocnych stron u siebie, zauważanie mocnych stron u innych, pozytywna komunikacja, sesje 5-7) oraz „stanowiący największą trudność” (złe vs dobre wspomnienia, wdzięczność, wybaczanie, nadzieja, optymizm i wzrost posttraumatyczny, sesje 8-13). Po wprowadzeniu PPP w Oddziale Dziennym Rehabilitacji Psychiatrycznej Instytutu Psychiatrii i Neurologii w Warszawie, zebrano początkowe obserwacje. Wstępne obserwacje zebrane po 13-stu tygodniach trwania cyklu zajęć PPP wskazują, że terapia może być z powodzeniem stosowana w rehabilitacji psychiatrycznej.
Euthanasia and assisted suicide in the context of psychiatric disorders: sharing experiences from the Low Countries
Authors: Dom Geert , Stoop Heidi , Haekens An , Sterckx Sigrid
Published: September 2020

Eutanazja i wspomagane przez lekarza samobójstwo stanowią niezwykle szeroko dyskutowane zagadnienia, zwłaszcza w kontekście nieznośnego cierpienia psychicznego i emocjonalnego, których doświadczają osoby z zaburzeniami psychicznymi. W Belgii i Holandii prawo zezwala na przeprowadzenie procesu eutanazji/wspomaganego samobójstwa u osób chorych psychicznie od 2002 r. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przegląd doświadczeń belgijskich i holenderskich oraz wątpliwości, które w ciągu ostatniej dekady pojawiły się w następstwie stosowania rzeczywistych procedur wspomaganego samobójstwa u pacjentów psychiatrycznych. Korzystając z dostępnych danych dotyczących stosowania eutanazji u osób chorych psychicznie, przedstawiono ich ilościową analizę. Ponadto zidentyfikowano różne wyzwania - etyczne, medyczno-psychiatryczne i prawne, które w coraz większym stopniu wpływają i warunkują zmianę postaw w środowiskach medycznych i psychiatrycznych wobec wspomaganego samobójstwa w populacji pacjentów psychiatrycznych.
The Day Therapy and Rehabilitation Psychiatric Ward at the Babiński University Hospital in Krakow
Authors: Kotlarska Katarzyna , Smyk Paweł , Najbar Irena
Published: September 2020

Niniejszy artykuł prezentuje pracę Dziennego Oddziału Psychiatrycznego Rehabilitacyjnego Szpitala im. Dr. Józefa Babińskiego w Krakowie. Przedstawione zostały podstawowe idee pracy klinicznej oddziału, jego struktura i profil przyjmowanych pacjentów. Opisywany Oddział wyróżnia się na tle innych placówek rehabilitacji psychiatrycznej rezygnacją ze ściśle medycznego podejścia w leczeniu, na rzecz nastawienia psychoterapeutycznego, które skutkuje ofertą równoległej psychoterapii indywidualnej i grupowej, kierowaną do wszystkich pacjentów. Na oddziale przyjmuje się postawę terapeutyczną uwzględniająca trzy kierunki podążania w leczeniu: od interpretacji do intersubiektywności, od nastawienia intrapsychicznego do interpersonalnego oraz od psychologii jednej osoby do psychologii dwóch osób lub wręcz sieci osób. W artykule przedstawiony został eklektyczny model pracy terapeutycznej stosowany w oddziale, proces kwalifikacji pacjentów do oddziału, a także różnorodność oddziaływań terapeutycznych. Opisany został model rehabilitacji psychiatrycznej oparty na zasadach społeczności terapeutycznej, model pracy w psychoterapii indywidualnej i grupowej, wiele innych zajęć grupowych, w tym terapia zajęciowa, psychoedukacja, czy treningi umiejętności społecznych, a także sposób uwzględniania w procesie terapeutycznym postawy mentalizacyjnej.
Effect of Deposition Voltage on Layer Thickness, Microstructure, Cu/Ni Sheet Resistivity of Deposition Results by Magnetic Field Electroplating Assisted Technique
Authors: Wijanarka Willi Anindita , Toifur Moh
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this research is to make the Cu/Ni thin layer as an alternative to basic RTD materials through electroplating methods assisted by magnetic fields. Electroplating was carried out with variation in deposition voltage ranging from 1 to 5 V. The results of this study indicate that the deposition voltage applied to the coating affects the thickness, sheet resistivity, and microstructure of the coating. Thickness increases with increasing deposition voltage. The diffraction intensity and crystal size tend to increase with increasing deposition voltage. The distance between Bragg planes after the coating is almost equal for all samples. The highest sheet resistivity was obtained in the coating sample with a 4-volt deposition voltage.
Development of Interactive Physics E-Module Using the SETS (Science, Environment, Technology, Society) Approach to Improve Science Literacy Dimension of Content and Process Dimensions in Fluid Dynamics Material
Authors: Syafutri Eka , Widodo Widodo , Pramudya Yudhiakto
Published: September 2020

This development research produces interactive physic electronic products using the interactive physics SETS approach (Science, Environment, Technology and Society) in terms of presenting the components of illustration, language, and the suitability of the material. The validity results of the electronic module carried by experts and teachers develeop the average yield of 96.36% so it is feasible to use. The study design is pretest-posttest control group to see the improvement of  literacy dimension process. Subject of the study consisted of two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The data collection formed by science literacy of dimension content and process is analyzed using MANOVA with significance level of 5%. The results showed that the electronic module using SETS approach significantly influence the improvement of science literacy dimension content and process.
Analysis of Students' Understanding of Concepts on Momentum and Impulse Material Using Research-Based Learning (RBL) Models
Authors: Safarati Nanda , Rahma Rahma
Published: September 2020

This study aims to analyze students' understanding of concepts in the material of momentum and impulses using research-based learning (RBL) models. This type of research is quantitative research with a descriptive approach. The population in this study were students of class XI of SMA 3 Bireuen, the subjects in this study were students of class XI2 of SMA 3 Bireuen as many as 30 students. The results of this study indicate that 30 students in class XI2. 53.3% of students in the category understood the concept, 20% students in the guessing category and 26.7% students in the don't understand the category. This shows students will better understand the concepts of momentum and impulses by using research-based learning models.
Reflection and mental health nursing. Part 6: the importance of reflective evidence
Authors: Fowler John
Published: September 2020

One of the most important ways that a mental health nurse develops their clinical expertise is by reflecting on their professional experiences. Previous articles in this series have examined some of the key elements of reflection and how these can be developed and incorporated into routine clinical practice for ongoing development. This formative approach to reflective practice helps build clinical expertise as a nurse moves from novice student to expert practitioner. While post-registration degrees and courses can help a nurse gain new ideas and knowledge, it is the learning gained from self-reflection on lived clinical and professional experiences, termed ‘experiential learning’ that will enable a nurse to move along the novice to expert continuum.
You are not just a dental nurse!
Authors: Safi Zunaira
Published: September 2020

Educator and dentist, Dr Zunaira Sufi, reveals why she believes you are the backbone of dentistry
Incentivising NHS practices to deliver prevention through skill mix
Authors: Ellwood Fiona , Hearnshaw Simon
Published: September 2020

Simon Hearnshaw talks to Fiona Ellwood about the extensive prevention work that has been going on in NHSE Yorkshire & Humber
Mindfulness for dental nurses
Authors: Horvath Johanna
Published: September 2020

Dental nurse and yoga teacher Johanna Horvath shares her insight into how to create peace in everyday dentistry
How to draw up your career plans
Authors: Fleming Alis
Published: September 2020

Student dental nurse Alis Fleming notes her top 10 tips to help you to write your own future
The missing pieces
Authors: Earl Joe
Published: September 2020

How are you putting dentistry back together again? Joe Earl considers the best approach to delivering care in these puzzling times
What's in your OHE toolkit?
Authors: Robinson Frances
Published: September 2020

Frances Robinson offers a three-step guide to ensuring patient compliance at every appointment – whatever their age!
Helping breast cancer patients
Authors: Deverick Julie
Published: September 2020

Julie Deverick on the importance of dental team support
Radiographs: value v risk
Authors: Bridges Glenys
Published: September 2020

Glenys Bridges considers the quality and compliance role of the dental nurse for diagnostic radiographs
Toilet talk: To flush or not to flush
Authors: Woodward Dawn
Published: September 2020

If it's not pee, poo or paper, throw it in the bin, says environmental enthusiast Dawn Woodward
Cardio-oncology for the general physician: ‘old’ and ‘new’ cardiovascular toxicities and how to manage them
Authors: Mallouppas Michael , Walker J Malcolm , Guha Avirup , Dobson Rebecca , Ghosh Arjun K
Published: September 2020

Cardio-oncology is the care of cancer patients with cardiovascular disease. The need for a dedicated subspecialty emerged to address heart failure caused by drugs such as anthracyclines and anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) therapies, but over time has expanded into an exciting subspecialty with widening horizons. While still dealing with a lot of commonly recognised toxicities, such as heart failure, hypertension and coronary disease, new and revolutionary cancer therapies have been associated with challenging cardiovascular complications, requiring specialist input to manage effectively. Echocardiography is a key investigation, with advanced techniques such as three-dimensional and strain assessment allowing more accurate diagnosis and earlier detection of subtle changes. Cardiac magnetic resonance and biomarkers are useful adjuncts to aid diagnosis and management. With increasing cancer incidence and improved cancer survival rates, it is important that general cardiologists and physicians are aware of cardiac complications associated with cancer and how to manage them.
High-quality end of life care for older people with frailty: helping people to live and die well
Authors: Beggs Jennifer , Handalage Celina , Jundi Alice , Burns Eileen
Published: September 2020

Guidance from the British Geriatrics Society provides practical advice to support healthcare professionals who are involved in caring for frail, older people in the last phase of life.
Bach und das Symbol, insbesondere die Symbolik seines Kanons
Authors: Schering Arnold
Published: September 2020

Darauf bezugnehmend: Arnold Schering: Bach und das Symbol (2. Studie). BJ 1928, S. 119-137

Arnold Schering: Bach und das Symbol. 3. Studie: Psychologische Grundlegung des Symbolbegriffs aus Christian Wolffs "Psychologia empirica". BJ 1937, S. 83-97
Der Picander-Jahrgang
Authors: Häfner Klaus
Published: September 2020

Picanders Zyklus von Kantatentexten für das gesamte Kirchenjahr (1. Auflage 1728; Nachdruck 1732) ist als Leitfaden der Leipziger Kirchenmusik vom Johannestag 1728 bis zum 4. Sonntag nach der Dreifaltigkeit 1729 zu betrachten. Er bildete die textliche Grundlage für den vierten von Bachs fünf Kantatenzyklen. Die Musik dieser etwa 60 Kantaten ist größtenteils verloren. Was erhalten geblieben ist, reicht aus, um uns das Ausmaß unseres Verlustes bewusst zu machen. Einleitende Sinfonien scheinen ein Merkmal des Zyklus gewesen zu sein. Die Matthäuspassion BWV 244, deren freie poetische Texte ebenfalls von Picander stammen, bildet im Rahmen dieses Zyklus den Kern einer größeren Einheit, die als eine der größten künstlerischen Leistungen Bachs angesehen werden muss. (Übertragung des englischen Resümees am Ende des Bandes)

 

Darauf bezugnehmend: William H. Scheide: Bach und der Picander-Jahrgang - Eine Erwiderung. BJ 1980, S. 47-51

Vergleiche auch: William H. Scheide: Eindeutigkeit und Mehrdeutigkeit in Picanders Kantatenjahrgangs-Vorbemerkung und im Werkverzeichnis des Nekrologs auf Johann Sebastian Bach. BJ 1983, S. 109-113
Bach und der Picander-Jahrgang - Eine Erwiderung
Authors: Scheide William H.
Published: September 2020

Klaus Häfner hat im BJ 1975 die hypothetische Schlussfolgerung gezogen, dass Bach nicht alle 1732 veröffentlichten Picander-Kantatentexte verwendet hat (PJ II), sondern die komplette Originalausgabe von 1728 (PJ I), die für das Leipziger Kirchenjahr 1728/29 konzipiert war. Eine vergleichende Schätzung der Textlängen in der verlorenen Quelle PJ I (basierend auf Wustmanns Diskussion von 1913) mit der späteren Ausgabe PJ II zeigt, dass beide Drucke praktisch identisch gewesen sein müssen. So wird Häfners Theorie zweifelhaft. (Übertragung des englischen Resümees am Ende des Bandes)

 

Bezugnehmend auf: Klaus Häfner: Der Picander-Jahrgang. BJ 1975, S. 70-113

Darauf bezugnehmend: William H. Scheide: Eindeutigkeit und Mehrdeutigkeit in Picanders Kantatenjahrgangs-Vorbemerkung und im Werkverzeichnis des Nekrologs auf Johann Sebastian Bach. BJ 1983, S. 109-113