bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review on Nano-Chemical Drug Carriers and Their Applications
Authors: Jawd Dr. Saher Mahmood , Majeed Dr. Amal Saadoon , Al-zubaidy Dr. Zainab H.
Published: March 2022

This review deals with applications of nano-biochemical materials., Due to the failure of some conventional medical treatments to reach the most accurate tissue in the body, especially for cancer patients, many researchers have resorted to finding quick and therapeutic alternatives that directly treat tissue without leaving side effects, with a prior study of the toxicity of some types of nanoparticles in tissue therapy through nanocapsules. Ultra-fine and the capsule material is excreted after performing its tasks and is excreted with urine and excreta. Also, some biochemical treatments affect the stomach and others, so the researchers resorted to using a small nano-capsule that contains a mixture of treatment with a substance that helps to remove the excess from it with the exit, and thus they are substances that do not affect the rest of the body’s other tissues or healthy tissues, if the body gets rid of the excess of them.
Metode Hafalan Alfiah Ibnu Malik dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Membaca dan Memahami Kitab Kuning di Madrasah Aliyah Salafiyah Syafi’iyah Tebuireng Jombang
Authors: Mudzakkir Shidqi
Published: March 2022

Sekolah pengalaman hidup Islami merupakan landasan edukatif yang secara khusus diklaim oleh Indonesia, sampai saat ini mereka benar-benar bertahan dengan teknik pembelajarannya yang unik, untuk menjadi strategi pembelajaran konvensional tertentu, salah satu teknik adat adalah strategi zikir yang umumnya diterapkan pada penyelidikan. kitab-kitab Mandzumat tradisional, antara lain Alfiyah Ibnu Malik. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memutuskan teknik mengingat dan memahami para siswa kitab Alfiyah Ibnu Malik dalam bekerja pada kemampuan membaca dan memperoleh kitab kuning. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi subjektif yang mengambil Madrasah Aliyah Salafiyah Syafi'iyah Tebuireng sebagai wilayah ujian. Strategi pengumpulan informasi dalam penelitian ini memanfaatkan persepsi, pertemuan, dan dokumentasi. Untuk keabsahan informasi menggunakan metode triangulasi believability dengan sumbernya, sedangkan strategi pemeriksaan informasi menggunakan model penyelidikan informasi intuitif Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) Prosedur strategi zikir Alfiah Ibnu Malik terdiri dari dua tahap, yaitu tahap perencanaan yang terdiri dari; dilanjutkan penelaahan, pertahan di kawasan maqbaroh, kenang-kenangan di masjid Dalem Tebuireng, dan hafalan, serta tahapan pelaksanaan dan penilaian, 2) bagaimana Siswa dapat menafsirkan Buku Alfiyah Ibnu Malik sampai pada tingkat utama (menguraikan) dengan nilai sangat baik, hebat, dan sedang/cukup dan tingkat berikutnya (menguraikan) di mana siswa dapat mengaitkan bagian-bagian masa lalu dengan apa yang diketahui secara langsung atau antarmuka beberapa materi yang telah dipelajari. telah diperiksa. Alfiyah Ibnu Malik adalah kitab mandzumat yang terdiri dari 1002 ayat dan berbicara tentang nahwu dan syaraf sangat sulit untuk dipahami, namun lebih jelas dengan asumsi bahwa pembelajarannya menggunakan teknik pengulangan.
Development of technology for longterm storage of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cultures
Authors: Umpeleva Tatiana V. , Eremeeva N.I. , Vakhrusheva D.V.
Published: March 2022

Objective.
To develop a technology for freezing and long-term storage of mycobacteria cultures and implement into a microbiological laboratory routine practice.

Materials and Methods.
For comparison between different condition, the media for freezing mycobacteria containing 0.9% NaCl or Middlebrook’s 7H9 medium with the addition of glycerol at various concentrations: 0%, 4.0%, 20.0%, 50.0% (by final volume) was evaluated. To freeze suspensions of cultures, two methods were used: one – using a cryo-freezer (cooling rate of 1°C/min), the second – direct placement in a deep freeze at a temperature of -80°C. Suspension of a museum strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv was used for preparing suspension. The efficiency of the chosen storage method was assessed by the proportion of viable cells obtained after thawing the suspensions (total number of cells according to quantitative PCR data/number of CFU in Lowenstein-Jensen medium).
Results.
After storage under various conditions, from 1.2% to 16.9% of mycobacterial cells remained viable. The maximum percentage of viable cells of 16.9% (95% CI 8.6–42.4%) reached when stored in a freezer at a temperature of -80°C without using a cryo-freezer in a medium consisting of 0.9% NaCl with glycerol (20.0% by final volume). However, no statistically significant differences in viable cells were found in the medium containing 0.9% NaCl solution with the addition of 4.0%, 50.0% glycerol, as well as Middlebrook’s 7H9 medium with and without glycerol.

Conclusions.
A technology for long-term storage of mycobacterial cultures has been developed, based on freezing a cell suspension at a temperature of -80°C in a medium consisting of a 0.9% NaCl solution with the glycerol (20.0% volume fraction), which provides a high degree of cell viability preservation, is lowcost and can be easily integrated into the routine work of a microbiological laboratory.
Determinação da atividade antioxidante de polifenóis extraíveis, macromoleculares e identificação de lupanina em tremoço branco (Lupinus albus)
Authors: Silva J. O. , Santos D. N. S. , Cosenza G. P. , Melo J. C. S. , Monteiro M. R. P. , Araújo R. L. B.
Published: March 2022

O tremoço branco (Lupinus albus) é uma leguminosa do gênero Lupinus, originária da região do Mediterrâneo, de destacado valor nutricional, devido ao seu elevado teor de fibra alimentar, carboidratos, proteínas e perfil lipidico equilibrado. Além disto, possui compostos bioativos, principalmente polifenóis, com expressiva capacidade antioxidante. Mesmo que o tremoço branco apresente teor reduzido de alcaloides, como a lupanina, ainda assim a presença destes compostos pode ser fator limitante para seu consumo. Entretanto possíveis efeitos anti-hipertensivo e anti-hiperglicêmico da lupanina estão sendo relatados. Deste modo, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o teor de polifenóis totais (extraíveis e macromoleculares), capacidade antioxidante e identificar a presença de lupanina nos grãos de tremoço branco, submetidos ou não ao tratamento térmico. A quantificação de polifenóis foi realizada pelo ensaio Folin-Ciocalteau, atividade antioxidante pelos ensaios TEAC e DPPH e identificação da lupanina por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas. Os teores de polifenóis totais encontrados nas amostras controle e tratadas termicamente foram 6142,50 e 6418,44 mg GAE/100g, respectivamente. Com relação à capacidade antioxidante do tremoço, os valores obtidos pelo método do DPPH variaram de 3473,49 a 3832,65 g amostra/g DPPH. Utilizando o radical ABTS, a atividade antioxidante apresentou valores de 250,14 a 270,39 µM trolox/g amostra. A capacidade antioxidante mais elevada foi associada aos polifenóis macromoleculares,  amostra controle foi 5657,68 mg EAG/100g e submetida ao tratamento térmico foi 5837,87 mg EAG/100g. O tratamento térmico não interferiu nos conteúdos de polifenóis e na capacidade antioxidante dos grãos de tremoço branco. Em todas as amostras analisadas, foi possível a identificação da lupanina.
Different Problems Require Different Solutions: How Air Warfare Norms Should Inform IHL Targeting Law Reform & Cyber Warfare
Authors: Robertson Christian
Published: March 2022

On February 19, 2018, United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres claimed that he was “absolutely convinced” that “the next war will begin with a massive cyber-attack to destroy military capacity . . . and paralyze basic infrastructure.” The Secretary-General’s greatest concern, however, is that he believes “there is no regulatory scheme for that type of warfare, it is not clear how the Geneva Convention or international humanitarian law applies to it.” Although Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions (AP I) targeting laws generally identify who and what States may target in war, it expressly limits itself to attacks affecting people and objects on land. But what about online?

This Note discusses the limited applicability of the current targeting laws to cyber warfare. Specifically, it asks whether the land-centric AP I targeting laws adequately address cyber-attacks. It analogizes the unique features of cyber warfare to those in air warfare. Because both cyber and air warfare, unlike land combat, are fought beyond the traditional battlefield and closer to civilians, are object-prime targeting methods of warfare, and serve strategic attack objectives, AP I land-centric targeting laws cannot adequately regulate these types of warfare. This Note finds that, like airspace, the cyberspace domain is sufficiently different from land and, thus, requires specific rules similar to those provided under the laws of air warfare.
Policing Hate Speech and Extremism: A Taxonomy of Arguments in Opposition
Authors: Niehoff Leonard
Published: March 2022

Hate speech and extremist association do real and substantial harm to individuals, groups, and our society as a whole. Our common sense, experience, and empathy for the targets of extremism tell us that our laws should do more to address this issue. Current reform efforts have therefore sought to revise our laws to do a better job at policing, prohibiting, and punishing hate speech and extremist association.

Efforts to do so, however, encounter numerous and substantial challenges. We can divide them into three general categories: definitional problems, operational problems, and conscientious problems. An informed understanding of these three categories of arguments is indispensable to any effort that seeks to reform the law in ways that will survive constitutional scrutiny.

This Article provides a detailed legal and normative analysis of those arguments and common objections raised to them. It contends that the arguments raised in opposition to more expansive regulation of hate speech and extremist association largely get things right. And it concludes that more expansive regulation could have dire and unintended consequences that would disserve the interests of all, including the groups who advocate for such regulation.
A framework for architecture and structural engineering collaboration in BIM projects through structural optimization
Authors: Saad Travassos do Carmo Cristiano , Dominguez Sotelino Elisa
Published: March 2022

There has been an increasingly global tendency in the adoption of Building Information Modeling (BIM) paradigm in Architectural, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) projects. At the same time, Structural Optimization (SO) has received a lot of attention in the construction industry to reduce material and to enhance structural performance. However, the lack of communication between structural engineer and architect is a well-known problem discussed in the literature. This can lead to inefficient projects, thus increasing cost and time. The purpose of this work, thus, is to understand how SO can be inserted in a BIM project, specifically analysing the information exchanges between architects and structural engineers, to mitigate the problem related to lack of communication. The investigation included a systematic literature review to comprehend the current scientific scenario in these areas. It identified that there is still a research gap related to the adoption of SO to facilitate the communication between architects and structural engineers in a BIM environment. To help answer this question, an Information Delivery Manual (IDM) structure was developed which maps the information flow to connect architects and engineers through SO in a BIM environment, aiming to optimize the information exchanges. By applying the methodology to three experiments of increasing complexity, the proposed framework proved to improve the collaboration issue beyond other project benefits, such as reduction of material consumption, improvement of sustainability indexes, and structural performance. Thus, the main finding of this study is that the connection between BIM and SO can improve the collaboration between these two players in the early design stages and, thus, it can potentially lead to a more efficient design process. More studies are still necessary to solve technological barriers related to software interoperability.
Analisa Pendapat Para Fuqaha’ Tentang Alokasi Fi Sabilillah Dalam Zakat Mal
Authors: Nazaruddin Nirwan , Husein Ruslan
Published: March 2022

?????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????. ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? "?? ???? ????". ??? ??? ????: ?? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????. ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???.
Leadership Dalam Pendidikan
Authors: Abnisa Almaydza Pratama
Published: March 2022

Discussing leadership is essentially to discuss the intricacies of human society. Humans are social creatures, instinctively need to get along and needing another human in the process they form groups, communities, nations and state, which in turn needs a leader. A joint community leaders work together to organize, build, promote and defend the community.

Leadership is understood as all efforts together to mobilize all the resources and tools available within an organization. Resources can be classified into two major parts, namely: human resources and non-human resources. In educational institutions, especially the educational institutions of Islam consists of various elements or sources, and humans are the most important element, so the success or failure of an organization to achieve its intended purpose is highly dependent on the ability of its leaders to foster a climate of cooperation easily and can mobilize resources existing power, so it can be run effectively and efficiently.

Thus, the life of an organization is determined by the role of a leader. Effective leadership is the leadership that is able to grow and develop business cooperation and maintain a favorable climate in organizational life. Good leadership is leadership that can integrate with the task orientation of human relations orientation.
Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan, Fasilitas, Lokasi, dan Harga Terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen Apartemen Green Bay di Jakarta Utara
Authors: SA Mimi , Ekawati Sanny
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of the quality of service, facilities, location, and price to customer satisfaction of Green Bay Apartment in North Jakarta. Method of data collection was done by distributing questionnaires to 94 respondents. Sampling technique using Simple Random Sampling. The results showed that the quality of service, facilities, location, and prices has significant effect on customer satisfaction with the level of probability of 90%.
Analisis Tingkat Religiusitas, Pendapatan & Kepercayaan Terhadap Kesadaran Membayar Zakat di Kota Tangerang
Authors: Hindardjo Anton , Wajid Abdul
Published: March 2022

The reliqiusity of analysis, earnings and awareness of pay zakat in Tangerang. The research aims to investigate the influence of awareness to pay zakat at Tangerang. Background of the study is there are lack of acceptance in zakat the data of central bureau of received at Baznas instutution at Tangerang, mean while Tangerang has statistic Tangerang has a good in come.The researcher used quantitative method by conducting questionnaire test to several government and others witch related questions about religiosity variable, income and trust increase awareness of paying zakat in Tangerang. In addition, the researcher do literature to support the theories will be discussed. The sample in this research is taken by using data collection method and purposive sampling. The number of samples were 77 respondents. The data obtained were analyzed by using PLS analysis technique through smart PLS software.The results of study, to investigate the relationship between religiosity and give positive afford of awareness of paying zakat were correlated, furthermore earning also have appositive effect on the increase of paying zakat. The results of this study give the less positive effect on conviction paying zakat.
Overview of Early Initiation Breastfeeding and Increasing Temperature in Newborn
Authors: Mona Silvia , Prasida Yunita
Published: March 2022

This study aims to determine the description of initiation early breastfeeding and increased body temperature of newborns. This research is an observational study with a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted at the Suratmi midwife maternity clinic in Batam City. The study population was mothers who had just given birth from February to March 2022. The inclusion criteria in this study were mothers who had just given birth at the clinic, aged 20-40 years, and were willing to participate in the study. Sampling was done by the purposive sampling technique. The results showed that the early initiation of breastfeeding (EIB) was achieved by 36 respondents with an increase in temperature of 0.20C as many as 18 respondents (45%) and an increase in temperature of 0.30C by 4 respondents. In conclusion, most of the new mothers have achieved early initiation of breastfeeding and there is an increase in the baby's body temperature of 0.1-0.2OC.
A broadband detector based on series YBCO grain boundary Josephson junctions
Authors: Glushkov Egor I , Chiginev Alexander V , Kuzmin Leonid S , Revin Leonid S
Published: March 2022

Modeling of a broadband receiving system based on a meander series of Josephson YBaCuO grain boundary junctions integrated into a log-periodic antenna was carried out. The electromagnetic properties of the system, namely amplitude–frequency characteristic, beam pattern, and fraction of the absorbed power in each Josephson junction were investigated. Based on the obtained results, a numerical simulation of one-dimensional arrays was carried out. The dc characteristics of the detector were calculated, that is, current–voltage characteristic, responsivity, noise, and noise-equivalent power (NEP) for a 250 GHz external signal. The optimal number of junctions to obtain the minimum NEP was found. The use of a series of junctions allows one to increase the responsivity by a factor of 2.5, the NEP value by a factor of 1.5, and the power dynamic range by a factor of 5. For typical YBaCuO Josephson junctions fabricated on a ZrYO bicrystal substrate by magnetron deposition, the following parameters were obtained at a temperature of 77 K: responsivity = 9 kV/W; NEP = 3·10−13 W/Hz(1/2); power dynamic range = 1·106.
Emancipatory Tendencies of Ubuntu-like Classrooms as an Enhancer of Student Academic Prowess
Authors: Omodan Bunmi Isaiah
Published: March 2022

Classrooms are sometimes laced with various pedagogical styles, which even though professional, may be alien to the students, leading to demotivation. Such demotivation usually results from a lack of affectionate pedagogical processes that affect students’ academic prowess, such as academic performance, achievement and attainment of academic goals. A teaching-learning process that does not accommodate professional affections may lead to an unpleasant end where the classroom purposes are defeated. Hence, this study presents Ubuntu as an emancipatory philosophy that ensures unhindered student achievement and performance. The study is positioned to answer a question: How can Ubuntu be presented to unravel ineffective classroom practices towards students’ emancipation. The study is designed within the transformative worldview to emancipate students and challenge the classroom status quo. This study was analysed using conceptual analysis, in which concepts derived from Ubuntu are subjected to intellectual and deductive interpretation for meaning-making. In this study, Ubuntu is presented alongside its three cardinal assumptions based on the researcher’s view. The assumptions (collaboration and togetherness; humanness; recognition and respect) were analysed and correlated with the classroom activities to promote students’ academic prowess. The study concludes that Ubuntu-like classrooms are the dimension of productive classroom practices towards students’ academic prowess. Therefore, the study recommended that classrooms be laced with collaboration, togetherness, and humanness, where students’ voices and opinions are recognised and respected.
Keywords: Ubuntu philosophy, ubuntu classrooms, academic prowess, transformation, emancipation.
The impact of behavioral aspects on the social capital of the tax service of Ukraine
Authors: Hurochkina Viktoriya , Rіabinina Natalia
Published: March 2022

The strategic direction defined by the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU is the urgent formation, development and increase of social capital, which is the basis for improving the standard of living of people, increasing its potential and realizing the needs of the modern economic space. One of the key directions of the state economic process is the tax service of Ukraine, which makes a significant contribution to the development of the country's prosperity and the lives of citizens. The article is aimed at analyzing the combination of the concept of social capital and methods of behavioral aspects of the tax service of Ukraine for the formation of positive conclusions and the further implementation of the interdisciplinary paradigm. Social capital appears where the interaction and interrelationships of human capital and society are formed. The social capital of the tax service originates from vertically integrating relations, combining the macroeconomic level of socio-economic, state, political regulation, adhering to legal norms and social values of society. Establishing office work and returning employees to their jobs after a long time of remote process related to the pandemic, and at the moment with military action, should be a chance for a new progressive transition of work methods, providing opportunities and encouraging flexibility, creativity and autonomy of employees, claiming to soften the schedule and trust of management. People are tired, the desire to rethink and reorganize the workflow, the topic is relevant and needs rethinking and further analysis.
Limited field adaptive radiotherapy for glioblastoma: changes in target volume and organ at risk doses
Authors: Şenkesen Öznur , Tezcanlı Evrim , Abacıoğlu Mehmet Ufuk , Özen Zeynep , Çöne Derya , Küçücük Halil , Göksel Evren Ozan , Arifoğlu Alptekin , Şengöz Meriç
Published: March 2022

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the tumor volume changes occurring during limited-field radiotherapy (RT) for glioblastoma patients and whether a volume-adapted boost planning approach provided any benefit on tumor coverage and normal tissue sparing. Meterials and Methods: Twenty-four patients underwent simulation with magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomography (CT) scans prior to RT (MR_initial, CT_initial) and boost treatment (MR_adapt, CT_adapt). For the boost phase, MR_initial and MR_adapt images were used to delineate GTV2 and GTV2_adapt, respectively. An initial boost plan (Plan_initial) created on CT_initial for PTV2 was then reoptimized on CT_adapt by keeping the same optimization and normalization values. Plan_adapt was generated on CT_adapt for PTV2_adapt volume. Dose volume histogram parameters for target volumes and organs-at-risk were compared using these boost plans generated on CT_adapt. Plan_initial and Plan_adaptive boost plans were summed with the first phase plan and the effect on the total dose was investigated. Results: Target volume expansion was noted in 21% of patients while 79% had shrinkage. The average difference for the initial and adaptive gross tumor volume (GTV), clinical target volume (CTV), and planning target volume (PTV) volumes were statistically significant. Maximum dose differences for brainstem and optic chiasm were significant. Healthy brain tissue V10 and ipsilateral optic nerve maximum doses were found to decrease significantly in Plan_adaptive.Conclusion: Results of this study confirm occurrence of target volume changes during RT for glioblastoma patients. An adaptive plan can provide better normal tissue sparing for patients with lesion shrinkage and avoid undercoverage of treatment volumes in case of target volume expansion especially when limited-fields are used.
Du plaisir à la joie (spinoziste)
Authors: Henry Julie
Published: March 2022

On peut oser prendre plaisir à prendre soin, y compris et peut-être même au plus haut point en soins palliatifs. Il peut y avoir authentiquement un accroissement de sa puissance d’agir, d’être et de penser à vivre en partage ce moment, à y être en tant que professionnel et en tant qu’humain, à sentir et exercer collectivement les ressources humaines de ce temps de vie et de cette activité soignante.
Quelles sont les valeurs qui portent et que portent les soignants en soins palliatifs ?
Authors: Ivanescu Ruxandra Simona
Published: March 2022

Quel est le moteur qui anime les soignants à travailler en soins palliatifs et quelles sont leurs valeurs ? Une empathie particulière vis-à-vis du patient, une conception du soin fondée sur le parcours du patient, son confort et le confort de l’équipe soignante, un lien particulier entre le corps médical et les paramédicaux, un prendre soin autant envers les familles que l’équipe, le respect et l’écoute.
Haut les cœurs
Authors: Brun Laure
Published: March 2022

Pour prendre soin des personnes en fin de vie et de leur proche, pour prendre soin des professionnels et des bénévoles qui y travaillent, il faut soigner le métier en inventant, créant, échangeant dans des collectifs dignes de ce nom où la pensée puisse progresser, circuler afin de façonner d’autres manières de faire, d’autres manières d’agir.
Pandémie de COVID-19 : le « dilemme du tramway » pour expliquer l’allocation des ressources rares
Authors: Martinet-Kosinski Florian
Published: March 2022

Introduction : Le virus du SRAS-CoV-2 apparu fin 2019 dans la ville de Wuhan en Chine s’est rapidement propagé. Les formes graves de cette infection virale provoquent des syndromes de détresse respiratoire aiguë (SDRA) nécessitant l’hospitalisation des patients en réanimation. La capacité des services de réanimation dans les pays les plus touchés par cette crise sanitaire a été rapidement dépassée, obligeant les personnels soignants à faire des choix parmi les patients. La gestion de la surcharge du système de santé est le rôle de la médecine de catastrophe, notamment grâce au triage des patients en fonction de leur gravité. Faire ce choix quant à l’allocation des ressources rares impose de prendre position dans le débat entre déontologie (juger la moralité d’une action en fonction de son intention) et l’utilitarisme (juger la moralité d’une action en fonction de ses conséquences). Objectif : L’objectif de cet article est, à travers l’analyse du « dilemme du tramway », de comprendre et de justifier les processus d’allocation des ressources rares, que l’on trouve dans les recommandations utilisées dans le contexte de la pandémie COVID-19. Résultats : L’analyse du dilemme du tramway permet de comprendre en quoi nos choix sont utilitaristes ou déontologiques. Le fait de « sauver le plus de vies possible », préconisé dans les recommandations est utilitariste. Conclusions : Ces réponses permettront de mieux comprendre les différentes façons d’allouer les ressources rares selon l’approche déontologique ou utilitaire (retrouvée dans les directives de la médecine de catastrophe).
Écoles et pandémie : qu’avons-nous appris de la crise sanitaire ?
Authors: Jourdan Didier , Gray Nicola , Ivassenko Valérie
Published: March 2022

La pandémie de COVID-19 a conduit à ce que des mesures sans précédent soient prises pour lutter contre la propagation du SARS-CoV-2. De par ses multiples impacts sociaux, éducatifs, économiques et sanitaires, la fermeture quasi généralisée des écoles au niveau mondial, pendant le premier confinement, est sans doute l’une des mesures les plus marquantes dans la gestion de cette pandémie. Un an après le début de la pandémie de COVID-19, plus de 800 millions d’élèves, soit plus de la moitié des effectifs dans le monde, sont toujours confrontés à des perturbations importantes de leur cursus qui vont de la fermeture totale des établissements à des horaires réduits ou à temps partiel. En s’appuyant à la fois sur les données scientifiques disponibles, l’analyse des différentes réponses proposées selon les pays et les données issues de l’expérience des professionnels du terrain à l’échelle mondiale, cet article analyse les principaux enjeux de la fermeture et de la réouverture des écoles, de la prise de décision à sa mise en œuvre concrète sur le terrain. Cette démarche nous permet de tirer les premiers enseignements de la crise et d’appeler à l’émergence et au partage, bien au-delà du milieu scolaire, d’une approche éducative de la santé. Sur cette base, c’est l’articulation de la production de cadres de réflexion nationaux pertinents et de la mise en capacité d’agir des acteurs locaux qui permettra de protéger les élèves, de prévenir le développement des épidémies et de maintenir un processus éducatif de qualité.
Première vague de la COVID-19 au Québec : motivation du personnel soignant à traiter des patients infectés
Authors: Simon Philippe , Chiniara Gilles , St-Pierre Liette , Ahossi Eusèbe , Dogba Maman Joyce , Cléophat Jude Emmanuel , Chénier Christophe , Dubuc Éric , Landry Caroline , Vonarx Nicolas , Pilote Bruno
Published: March 2022

Introduction : La rétention des professionnels de la santé (PS) dans le réseau de la santé durant une pandémie telle que celle de la COVID-19 est un enjeu crucial. Mieux comprendre les facteurs pouvant motiver ou dissuader les PS de fournir des soins aux personnes atteintes de la COVID-19 permettrait la mise en place de mesures favorisant le maintien et la qualité des soins. Objectif : Cette étude vise à identifier les facteurs modulant l’intention des PS à éviter de prendre soin de personnes atteintes de la COVID-19. Méthode : Les PS du Québec (Canada) ont été invités à répondre à un questionnaire en ligne, entre les mois d’avril et août 2020, durant la première vague de la pandémie de la COVID-19 dans ce pays. Ce questionnaire portait sur leur intention de prendre soin des personnes atteintes de la COVID-19, leur expérience dans la prise en charge de tels patients et leur niveau d’anxiété par rapport à la pandémie. Des analyses statistiques descriptives et des régressions multiples ont été réalisées afin de déterminer si certains PS présentaient un profil différent en regard de l’intention d’éviter de prendre soin d’une personne atteinte de la COVID-19. Résultats : Un total de 430 PS ont répondu au questionnaire. Les PS étaient en majorité des femmes (87 %) et des infirmières (50 %). De ce nombre, certains ont dit avoir pensé (12 %) ou avoir pris des mesures (5 %) pour se soustraire à l’administration de soins aux personnes atteintes de la COVID-19. Dix-huit pour cent ont dit être prêts à saisir une occasion qui leur permettrait de ne pas prendre soin de tels patients. Être médecin (RC : 0,47 IC 0,23-0,94) et avoir antérieurement prodigué des soins à des personnes atteintes de la COVID-19 (RC : 0,56 IC 0,36-0,86) étaient significativement associés à une intention moindre d’éviter de prendre soin de personnes atteintes de la COVID-19. Une plus grande intention d’éviter de travailler avec de tels patients a été associée positivement avec l’augmentation du score d’anxiété des PS (RC : 1,06 IC 1,04-1,08). Conclusion : Avoir antérieurement prodigué des soins à une personne atteinte de la COVID-19 et le fait d’être médecin étaient associés à une intention d’évitement moindre à soigner des patients infectés par la COVID-19. L’anxiété représenterait un facteur prédictif de la volonté des PS de se retirer de la prise en charge de personnes atteintes de la COVID-19. L’identification des déterminants de l’anxiété chez les PS et des facteurs pouvant les motiver à fournir des soins aux personnes atteintes de la COVID-19 pourrait permettre l’élaboration de stratégies adaptées visant le bien-être global et la rétention du personnel de santé en temps de pandémie.
Regards croisés sur le confinement : personnes vivant avec des troubles psychiques, aidants familiaux et soignants
Authors: Jupille Julien , Deloffre Sophie , Hulin Philippe , Harscoët Yves-Antoine , Vincent Malory , Leguay Denis , Chirio-Espitalier Marion
Published: March 2022

Objectifs : Notre étude a examiné l’expérience des personnes vivant avec des troubles psychiques et de leurs familles, pendant le confinement français du printemps 2020, et identifié les soins dont ils ont bénéficié. Elle donne simultanément à voir les réorganisations des professionnels et leur vécu. Méthode : Deux enquêtes adoptant une méthodologie mixte (qualitative et quantitative) ont été conduites pendant le confinement. Les données ont été collectées via trois questionnaires en ligne et des entretiens individuels semi-directifs, auprès de personnes concernées par des troubles, des familles et des soignants. Résultats : Les répondants étaient 173 aidants familiaux, 68 usagers et 40 soignants. Comparativement à la population générale, nous n’avons pas observé chez les usagers de surmorbidité psychiatrique. Les familles ont été ressources, mais ont souffert de plus de difficultés psychologiques. Le déploiement des consultations à distance, la réactivité et la disponibilité des équipes ont été soutenants pour les usagers, tandis que les professionnels ont vécu ces réaménagements sur le mode d’une perte de sens. Les familles ont pointé le manque de disponibilité des équipes. Le soutien par les pairs a eu un rôle majeur. Conclusion : La santé mentale des usagers de notre étude n’a pas été massivement impactée par le confinement. Ils ont mobilisé différentes ressources protectrices. L’habitude d’une vie solitaire, la connaissance de leurs ressources et le soutien entre pairs ont joué un rôle favorable. D’autres études sont nécessaires pour évaluer l’hypothèse d’une « deuxième vague psychiatrique ».
Pandémie de COVID-19 : la grande pauvreté à l’épreuve de la levée du confinement
Authors: Desprès Caroline , Boissonnat-Pelsy Huguette
Published: March 2022

Introduction : La gestion de la pandémie de COVID-19 a fait l’objet de mesures de santé publique à l’impact variable sur les différents segments de la société. Nous restituons l’expérience et le vécu d’un groupe de personnes en situation de précarité, engagées dans le mouvement ATD Quart-Monde, sur la période spécifique de levée du premier confinement. But de l’étude : Dans cet article, nous analysons les représentations du risque et les attitudes qui en découlent, à partir de discours des personnes interrogées, recueillis d’avril à juillet 2020. Résultats : La levée du confinement reste un entre-deux où la peur est encore présente. Cela a des effets sur les attitudes des personnes interrogées, certaines n’osent pas sortir alors que d’autres se sentent libérées. La disponibilité des masques est, dans cette période, un élément essentiel de protection pour sortir de chez soi, et leur accessibilité financière problématique. De plus, elles se posent de nombreuses questions sur les tests et les conséquences d’un résultat positif ou si elles étaient « cas contact », par peur du contrôle social et craignant une déstabilisation de leurs existences. Conclusion : Nos données se sont appuyées sur un recueil au fil du temps, afin de saisir l’évolution des représentations du risque, parfois les contradictions entre représentations et attitudes, et ce dans un contexte d’incertitude scientifique, révélant aussi différents ordres de rationalité qui président aux attitudes ambivalentes des personnes interrogées. La levée du confinement produit un changement dans le modèle de prévention, passant d’un modèle contraignant à un modèle hybride, mobilisant notamment la responsabilité individuelle.
Alertes pour maltraitances d’adultes vulnérables : évolution pendant l’épidémie de COVID-19 en France
Authors: Gillet Isabelle , Moulias Robert , Andro Eric , Rubatat Frédérique , Lepresle Claude , Cloix Yvette , Riché Dominique , Crozat Bernard , Czernichow Pierre
Published: March 2022

Objectif : L’épidémie de COVID-19 est susceptible d’affecter, par divers mécanismes, la survenue et le signalement des situations de maltraitance chez les adultes vulnérables. Ce travail vise à explorer de tels effets à partir des alertes reçues par le dispositif national dédié à ces situations par le ministère des Solidarités et de la Santé en France. Méthode : Les principales caractéristiques des situations de maltraitance (âge et genre des victimes présumées, type de maltraitance principale, personnes mises en cause, lieu de survenue) ayant fait l’objet d’alertes auprès du dispositif national de mars à décembre 2020, depuis le début de l’épidémie de COVID-19, ont été comparées à celles pour les mêmes mois de 2017 à 2019. Résultats : En 2019-2020, les dossiers ouverts pour maltraitance en établissement ont baissé (– 111, soit – 8 %), baisse poursuivie sur trois mois, tandis que ceux ouverts pour maltraitance à domicile ont un peu augmenté (+ 50, soit + 1 %), malgré un repli ponctuel au début de l’épidémie. Les situations rapportées pendant l’épidémie, comparées à celles des trois années antérieures, touchaient plus souvent les femmes, et mettaient en cause moins souvent les personnes autres que la famille et les professionnels. Le non-respect des droits et les maltraitances psychologiques ont été plus fréquents, les maltraitances financières et les négligences ont été moins fréquentes depuis le début de l’épidémie.
ASSESSING THE ADOPTION OF CROSS LAMINATED TIMBER BY ARCHITECTS AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS WITHIN THE UNITED STATES
Authors: Penfield Patrick , Germain Rene’ , Smith William B. , Stehman Stephen V.
Published: March 2022

Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) is an engineered wood product for the construction industry offering multiple structural, environmental and supply chain benefits. CLT can be used for an entire building, as both the lateral and vertical load resisting system, or for select elements such as the roof, floors or walls. CLT products were developed in the early 1990’s and have been widely adopted throughout Europe, and more recently, in Canada. However, use of CLT products is still relatively rare in the US. We present the results of a nationwide phone survey in the US conducted with architects and structural engineers to gauge their awareness, rate of adoption and assimilation of CLT products. Although adoption of CLT amongst architects and structural engineers is still at a nascent level within the construction sector, awareness is high, with 100% of our sample respondents cognizant of CLT. Architects and structural engineers perceive relative advantages of using CLT as well as compatibility with traditional construction. However, the adoption process is impeded by issues associated with complexity, trialability and observability. Key barriers to adoption of CLT as perceived by these two stakeholders are lack of experience from construction stakeholders, lack of training and tools for construction management stakeholders, lack of client requests and CLT inventory.
EVALUATION OF DAYLIGHT PROVISION AND DAYLIGHT GLARE PROBABILITY FOR DIVERSE WORKSPACE CONFIGURATIONS
Authors: Yılmaz Feride Şener
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTS

Office environments can be integrated with particular workspace configurations owing to diverse tasks encountered in these workspaces. This study attempts to discern how effective different office workstation configurations are on daylight performance and tries to quantify this effect by means of a dynamic daylight simulation based approach, depending on the criteria addressed in EN 17037:2018 Standard. The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of workstation configurations on daylight provision and glare protection in workspaces through several configuration setups. In this study, climate based daylight metrics are used for daylight performance determination and assessment of discomfort glare caused by daylighting is performed by Daylight Glare Probability (DGP) index. This study aims to contribute to the growing body of research in the scope of EN 17037:2018 for daylighting in office environments and the obtained results represent the significance of daylighting and visual comfort conditions for diverse workstation configurations.
Mental and Emotional State of Teacher Trainers in Times of Emergencies
Authors: Simeon Fowowe Sunday , Sunmonu Mathew Sonayon
Published: March 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic is an outbreak that has created a lot of emergencies in educational settings across the world where schools and other learning spaces have closed. Mental and emotional health is the ability to handle the stresses and changes of everyday life in a reasonable way. Having good mental and emotional health is an important part of overall health. Mental health is a positive concept related to the social and emotional wellbeing of people and communities. Education interventions for teacher trainers during a crisis, particularly this pandemic period, can support prevention and recovery of public health while mitigating the impact on students and learning. The chapter therefore x-rayed the concepts of mental health, characteristics of mentally and emotionally healthy people, types of mental health problems, teacher trainers and their characteristic make up, and challenges to the mental and emotional health of teacher trainers. The chapter however suggested some methods through which teacher trainers can cope with mental and emotional stress.
Evaluation of the Potential of Ideation Tools to Create Technologies Aimed at Education
Authors: Paula Maria Eduarda Franklin da Costa de , Santana Júnior Orivaldo Vieira de , de Carvalho Zulmara Virgínia , Alves Cristiano
Published: March 2022

This project aims to evaluate the potential of an ideation framework, which is based on the idea of collective intelligence, to develop technologies for the area of education, and to be more compatible with the current model of society, having more student adherence. The framework analyzed four tools, which are the empathy map, the user journey, method 6-3-5, and the Edward de Bono hat method was to use as a validation tool for ideas. At the end of the application, it resulted in the choice of four insights to be applied in the system, that is, the amount of system functionalities expanded by 50%, which are a virtual assistant by voice command, a video gallery and podcast, gamification for the user to be reciprocated, and individual study planning to particularize each case, and thus fostering the effectiveness in increasing learning as proposed by the project. However, after the ideas were validated using the hat method, only three of them remained. Finally, this framework has both a versatile, low-cost character and a relatively low application time.
Online Learning or Emergency Remote Teaching?
Authors: Alves João Emílio , Proença Adelaide Marques , Martins Alexandre Cotovio , Veríssimo Sofia Maria , Mourato Isabel , Morgado Helena Carrilho
Published: March 2022

Following the recent measures implemented worldwide as result of the pandemic caused by COVID-19, educational institutions needed to implement online learning practices, demanding a rapid appropriation of digital skills by teachers and students. The Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, in Portugal, was one of the higher education institutions (IES) that organized a transition process for this teaching model. The objectives of the study focused on the characterization of the online learning process, including the practice of online learning and the students' perspectives regarding the future of online learning. The results obtained, from 420 validated questionnaires, point to a positive evaluation of this pedagogical experience, with some particularities listed in certain areas of the teaching and learning process, suggesting an in-depth analysis on the level of digital skills on the part of teachers and students in order to consolidate distance learning as a true pedagogical innovation process and not just as an “emergency remote teaching” experience.
Principles of Data Privacy and Security in a Cyber World
Authors: Hoca Yilsev , Firat Deren , Çağlar Ersin
Published: March 2022

Today, due to the rapid development of technology and communication, personal rights can be damaged. In particular, the electronic processing of personal data, which is a part of personal rights, may cause problems in terms of data security. Therefore, as a result of the development of technology and communication, all kinds of information should be able to move freely, and at the same time, fundamental rights dependent on the person should be protected. By clarifying the concepts of data, personal data, and data processing, the study examines the reliability of the data processed in the light of these concepts at the point of data security.
OTT Platforms and Their Distributorship Agreement With Content Makers
Authors: Seth Swati Bajaj
Published: March 2022

The OTT platform is a new market in itself. The growth of this new internet-based industry has brought atrocious competition in the broadcast industry. They effort to distinguish them from their competitors by getting exclusive content from the creators. This exclusivity though not per se appears to be anti-competitive but it raises apprehensions of its negative effect on the market. In fact, these agreements demonstrate interdependence of market players to sustain and reach consumers in the market. The competition laws of many jurisdictions refer to the anti-competitive nature of vertical agreement as ex post unlike cartel (horizontal agreements) which are per se void. The chapter discussed the distribution chain where vertical relationship in the form of agreement or integration is generally developed. The present chapter explains the nature of exclusive distribution agreement or exclusive screening license in the broadcast industry.
The Vulnerability of Children in Cyberspace
Authors: Nakta Vibhuti , Sood Ekta
Published: March 2022

The internet is a tremendous tool. It allows users to chat, read, play, and be entertained while viewing content from around the world. It's vibrant, diverse, and provides instant access to knowledge on any topic. Although the internet has many advantages, it still has some drawbacks. The internet can be a dangerous place for anyone, but children and teenagers are particularly at risk. Online dangers can have severe, expensive, and even tragic consequences, ranging from cyber bullies to social media posts that can come back to haunt them later in life. Children can unintentionally expose their families to cyber attacks by downloading malware that gives cyber criminals access to their parents' bank accounts or other sensitive information. The internet can be a dangerous place for children due to cyberbullying, sexual communication, identity theft, scams, and exposure to adult content. The chapter is an attempt to view in detail the possible menace of cyber crime, its types, and the national and international conventions and legislations on the same.
Methodology Oriented to the Sustainable Development Goals in the United Nations Agenda 2030
Authors: Garcia Flores Enrique Isaac , Kurezyn Díaz Crishelen , Gibaja-Romero Damián-Emilio , Mayett- Moreno Yesica
Published: March 2022

The objective of this document is to analyze all the factors involved in the aspects of sustainable development. As it is a very extensive and relevant topic at present, it seeks to explain in detail from its conception to the central aspect on which it is based the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations. Similarly, the approach on which the document is based is to mention some of the most developed tools and indexes for measuring sustainability, which are based on the SDGs, and especially to emphasize the social, economic, and environmental benefits obtained by sustainable development globally.