bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protocol for a Multicenter, Open-Label Controlled Study Comparing the Efficacy of Ayurvedic Therapeutic Procedures and Physiotherapy in Sarvanga Vata Roga (Spastic Cerebral Palsy)
Authors: Suneetha Suneetha R , Kulkarni Reena , Parmar Sanjay
Published: December 2024

Background: Cerebral palsy is a group of permanent disorders of movement and posture causing activity limitation that are attributed to non-progressive disturbances in the developing fetal or infant brain.Its incidence is more common in low birth weight infants who weight less than 1000gm, 15 in 100 births .As previous study shown good results of Ayurveda with other intervention, this study  is a novel to know the combined effect of  Ayurveda therapeutic procedure and gold standard of cerebral palsy ,  physiotherapy as a multi modal approach  compare with other multi modal like approach like occupational therapy,orthopedic management, Baclofen to reduce spastic condition.Cerebral palsy by its clinical features can be correlated to sarvanga vata roga of Ayurveda texts, which is caused by vata prominent, vatasyopakrama is employed in this study - Abyanga, basti, upanaha,sirodhara and physiotherapy along with controlled cases of physiotherapy. Material and Methods: The current research is a prospective , open label, randomized controlled clinical trial consisting of total sample size of 40 participants diagnosed with spastic cerebral palsy. 20 each in study and controlled. Study group will be treated with Sarvanga abyanga with rasa taila for 15minutes,Parisheka with dasamoola Kashaya for 15minutes, Masha godhumadhi upanaha for 3hour, Matrabasti with rasa taila (dose as per the age)   after food and Physiotherapy For 30 minutes . All the procedures will be done daily for a period of 15days. Similar course of treatment will be repeated for 2 times with a gap of 15days in between. During the period of 15 days gap parents is advised to continue the exercises at home for 30 minutes every day. Control group: will be subjected to physiotherapy with   Paediatrics physiotherapy directed gross motor activities and exercises for 15days. Similar course of treatment will be repeated for 2 times with a gap of 15days in between. During the period of 15 days gap parents is advised to continue the exercises at home for 30 minutes every day. Conclusion : The findings of the study could potentially demonstrate that the Ayurveda Therapeutic intervention along with Physiotherapy is more effective as Physiotherapy alone in the management of spastic cerebral palsy.
Uloga i funkcije menadžmenta u kulturi
Authors: Ivanković Luka , Franić Barbara
Published: December 2024

Menadžment u kulturi obuhvaća primjenu menadžerskih znanja i tehnika u stvaranju, promidžbi i potrošnji kulturnih proizvoda, a njegova uloga postaje sve važnija razvojem tržišta kulturnih proizvoda. Ovaj rad istražuje menadžerske uloge i funkcije u kontekstu kulturnih djelatnosti, koristeći Muzej vučedolske kulture kao primjer za demonstraciju efikasnosti upravljanja unutar muzejske institucije. Cilj provedenoga istraživanja bio je istražiti na koji način temeljne i posebne funkcije menadžmenta u kulturi doprinose uspješnosti i održivosti muzeja, s posebnim naglaskom na očuvanje kulturne baštine i ostvarivanje kulturnog doprinosa kroz korištenje metode studije slučaja. Podaci su prikupljeni primjenom metode strukturiranog intervjua i analizom dokumentacije, što je omogućilo kontekstualni okvir i dubinsku analizu temeljnih i posebnih funkcija menadžmenta unutar muzeja. Dobiveni rezultati ističu važnost usklađenosti teorijskih koncepata menadžerskih uloga i funkcija sa stvarnom praksom radi ostvarivanja harmoničnog funkcioniranja muzejske institucije, ali i u ostatku kulturnog sektora. Istraživanje jasno pokazuje da Muzej vučedolske kulture predstavlja primjer efikasnog menadžmenta u kulturi, što ga čini važnim uzorom za druge kulturne organizacije u njihovom traganju za uspjehom.
Primjena održivog razvoja na obiteljskim poljoprivrednim gospodarstvima
Authors: Kadlec Željka , Čor Matea
Published: December 2024

Obiteljska poljoprivredna gospodarstva su ključni dionici u poljoprivrednoj industriji, ali često se suočavaju s brojnim izazovima ekonomske, društvene i ekološke održivosti. Svrha rada je istražiti kako obiteljska poljoprivredna gospodarstva mogu diverzificirati prihode, prilagoditi se tržišnim promjenama te aktivno sudjelovati u lokalnoj zajednici kako bi osigurali svoju dugoročnu uspješnost. Na tom tragu, istražujući kako politički i ekološki faktori mogu potaknuti ili otežati njihovu održivost, radom se analizira utjecaj Zajedničke poljoprivredne politike i ekološke poljoprivrede na održivi razvoj obiteljskih poljoprivrednih gospodarstava. U istraživanju se koristi kvantitativna metoda u kojoj je korišten upitnik o ispitivanju stavova poljoprivrednika o održivoj poljoprivredi. Tumačenjem kvantitativnih podataka u percepciji i praksama poljoprivrednika, u skladu s održivim razvojem, dobiti će se informacije o učestalosti i učinkovitosti održivih praksi među poljoprivrednicima. Glavni rezultati istraživanja pokazati će percepciju poljoprivrednika i njihov održiv način upravljanja obiteljskim gospodarstvima, učestalost primjene održivih praksi među poljoprivrednicima, ističući trendove i područja gdje postoji prostor za poboljšanje. Identificirajući najčešće korištene metode, rad se fokusira na primjenu održivosti u praksi poput rotacije usjeva i zelene gnojidbe. Ovaj rad predstavlja značajan doprinos istraživanju održivosti na obiteljskim poljoprivrednim gospodarstvima. Kroz detaljnu analizu svijesti poljoprivrednika o konceptu održivosti te stvarne primjene održivih praksi na terenu, istraživanje pruža dublji uvid u trenutno stanje održivosti u poljoprivredi. Identificiranjem ključnih čimbenika koji utječu na implementaciju održivih praksi, ovaj rad omogućuje bolje razumijevanje izazova s kojima se susreću obiteljska poljoprivredna gospodarstva u postizanju održivosti. Ti identificirani faktori mogu služiti kao osnova za razvoj ciljanih politika i programa podrške koji će unaprijediti održivost obiteljskih poljoprivrednih gospodarstava.
PERHITUNGAN, PENYETORAN DAN PELAPORAN PAJAK PERTAMBAHAN NILAI PADA CV ANAK BANGSA CORP.
Authors: Rum Avid Inang , Latifah Siti
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini berjudul Perhitungan, Penyetoran dan  Pelaporan Pajak Pertambahan Nilai pada CV. Anak Bangsa Corp, yang memiliki tujuan untuk untuk menganalisis perhitungan, penyetoran dan pelaporan pajak pertambahan nilai pada CV. Anak Bangsa Corp.  Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif, sedangkan pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam perhitungan Pajak Pertambahan Nilai pada CV. Anak Bangsa Corp sudah dilakukan sesuai dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 42 Tahun 2009 dengan tarif perhitungan sebesar 10% dari DPP dan menggunakan mekanisme pengkreditan pajak masukan dan keluaran. Sedangkan dalam Penyetoran dan pelaporan Pajak Pertambahan Nilai belum sepenuhnya sesuai dengan peraturan perpajakan yang berlaku dikarenakan pada bulan Januari, Februari dan Mei tahun 2021 mengalami keterlambatan dalam menyetor dan melaporkan pajak pertambahan nilainya, sehingga perusahaan dikenakan sanksi berupa bunga dan denda atas keterlambatan tersebut.
IAN HARGREAVES GAZETECİLİK- BİR KİTAP İNCELEMESİ.
Authors: Kiraz Ersel
Published: December 2024

Ian Hargreaves'in Gazetecilik adlı eseri, gazeteciliğin küreselleşme ve dijitalleşme gibi faktörlerle değişen rolünü analiz ediyor. Kitap, gazeteciliğin tarihinden başlayarak özgür basının doğuşu, devletle ilişkisi, savaş muhabirliği, eğlence gazeteciliği ve medya sahipliğinin etkisi gibi konuları ele alıyor. Hargreaves, gazeteciliğin demokratik toplumlar için önemini vurgularken, medyanın bağımsızlığı ve etik sorumluluklarını korumasının zorluklarına dikkat çekiyor. Özellikle medya sahipliğinin yoğunlaşması ve halkla ilişkilerle artan ilişkiler, gazeteciliğin güvenilirliği üzerindeki tehditler olarak öne çıkıyor. Kitap, gazeteciliğin halkı bilgilendirme misyonuna geri dönmesi gerektiğini savunarak, medya profesyonelleri ve öğrenciler için değerli bir rehber sunuyor​
Öğretmenlerin 21. Yüzyıl Öğrenmelerinde Teknoloji Yeterliliği Öz-Değerlendirme Algılarının Belirlenmesi
Authors: Kuloğlu Ayşenur , Yildiz Mehmet Akif
Published: December 2024

Öğretmenlerin etkili bir şekilde teknolojiyi kullanabilmesi, öğretim süreçlerini daha ilgi çekici bir hâle getirmenin yanı sıra, öğrencilerin bireysel öğrenme ihtiyaçlarına uygun materyaller geliştirmelerine de imkân tanır. Bu durum, öğrencilerin ilgi ve motivasyonlarını artırarak başarılarını olumlu yönde etkiler. Aynı zamanda onların 21. yüzyıl becerileri ile donatılmalarına önemli ölçüde yardımcı olur. Dolayısıyla öğretmenlerin teknoloji yeterliliği, yalnızca bireysel bir beceri olarak değil, aynı zamanda öğrenci başarısını ve eğitim kalitesini doğrudan etkileyen bir unsur olarak görülebilir. Bu araştırmada öğretmenlerin teknoloji yeterliliği öz-değerlendirme algılarının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda 2024-2025 eğitim-öğretim yılında bir ilimizde görev yapan 207 öğretmene “Teknoloji Öz-Değerlendirme Ölçeği” uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Teknoloji yeterliliği öz-değerlendirme algılarına ilişkin görüşlerinin “cinsiyet”, “eğitim düzeyi”, “bilgisayar ve mobil cihaz başında geçirdiği süre” özelliklerine göre anlamlı farklılık göstermediği, “okul kademesi” değişkenine göre ise anlamlı farklılık gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Farklı öğretim kademelerindeki öğrencilerin teknolojiye yönelik ihtiyaçlarının göz ardı edilmemesi gerektiği vurgulanmıştır. Araştırma, eğitim sisteminin güçlü bir teknolojik temele dayalı olarak şekillendirilmesine katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda, öğretmenlerin teknoloji yeterliliklerini artırmaya yönelik uygulama odaklı ve sürekli eğitim programları, okul içi dijital destek ve rehberlik, teknoloji entegrasyonu eğitimleri, eş mentorluk programları gibi öneriler geliştirilmiştir.
Evaluation of Surgical Site Infections and Patterns of Microorganisms involved in Emergency Laparotomy in TUTH
Authors: Yadav Chitrasen , Vaidya Pradeep , Awale Laligen , Raj Dahal Geha , Jha Sanjeeb , Yadav Krishna
Published: December 2024

Emergency laparotomy is a commonly performed operative procedure in emergency setting. Various factors like preoperative Haemoglobin, low BMI, Diabetes and duration of surgery increases incidence of Surgical Site Infection postoperatively. Surgical Site Infection can increase operative morbidity and length of hospital stay. This study was conducted to determine the rate of surgical site infection in emergency laparotomy and the microorganisms involved, their drug sensitivity and their association with preoperative and intraoperative conditions. The study is a prospective observational study which was conducted at the Department of General Surgery, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, in N=179 patients (120 male patients and 59 female patients) undergoing emergency laparotomy from July 2022 to June 2023. Patients undergoing emergency laparotomy were enrolled and observed intraoperatively and during the postoperative period. Hemoglobin level < 11gm/dl and BMI < 18.5 was considered as low Hamoglobin and Underweight respectively. Duration of surgery and type of wound were noted intraoperatively. In postoperative period wound, SSI was noted and culture/sensitivity of wound/swab was observed. SSI and the microorganisms involved in SSI, drug sensitivity and its association with preoperative conditions like BMI, Haemoglobin, Diabetes and the duration of surgery were studied. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 26, SSI was clinically diagnosed in 29 patients among 179 patients who underwent emergency laparotomy giving an incidence rate of 16.2%. Among SSI cases 21 (72.4%) were superficial SSI, while 7 (24.1%) were deep SSI and 1(3.4%) was Organ Space SSI. Identifiable Risk factors were contaminated and dirty wound, BMI <18.5, diabetes mellitus, anemia, and duration of surgery > 2 hrs. The mean age of the patients was 42.08 ±19 years. SSI was present in 6.5% of clean contaminated, 25% of contaminated and 23.2 % of dirty wounds. Patients with Anaemia, diabeties, underweight or exposed to increased duration of surgery are at risk of SSI. E.coli is the most common organism isolated at our center and sensitive to Levofloxacin in most cases.
Evaluation of Self-Care Practices of Pregnant Women in Barangay Apas, Cebu City, Philippines
Authors: S. Nuñez Ii Gavino , Angela R. Plasencia Chelsea , B. Doble Blessie , Mitchelle L. Baldoza Shiena , B. Dionson Maricris
Published: December 2024

Pregnancy is considered a state of wellness where few special precautions or advice are necessary. This is because the developing fetus depends on the mother’s healthy body for all its needs. As a result, pregnant women need to take precautions and prioritize their health and nutrition to ensure the well-being of both them and their baby. The health of the mother and the unborn child is greatly impacted by self-care practices throughout pregnancy. This study utilized a researcher-made questionnaire and a descriptive-correlational research approach. The study was conducted at the Barangay Apas Health Center, where initial contact was established with the barangay health staff. Subsequently, questionnaires were distributed to pregnant women during their mother’s class. A total sampling technique was employed, with N=41 pregnant women participating as research subjects. The simple percentage, weighted mean, and chi-square test of independence were used to treat the data statistically. The findings revealed a notable emphasis on the physical dimension of self-care, with consistent practice compared to the intellectual, social, emotional, and spiritual dimensions. Despite the varying degrees of emphasis across the five dimensions, the pregnant women demonstrated a good understanding and application of self-care practices. Pregnant women selected from Barangay Apas mostly exhibited a good awareness of appropriate self-care practices during pregnancy, adhering to them effectively. Despite this, no significant correlation was found between the respondents’ profiles and their overall self-care practices. This therefore, highlights the significance of adopting individualized and holistic approaches to address the diverse needs and practices of pregnant women. The findings of this study can serve as a valuable resource for pregnant women, equipping them with the necessary knowledge and information to improve their self-care practices effectively through adopting scientifically proven procedures and strategies which can ensure the well-being and welfare of both them and their babies.
Comparative analysis of Access PCT and Elecsys BRAHMS PCT assays for procalcitonin measurements
Authors: Choi Hyunji , Lee Sang-Shin , Hwang Hyunyong
Published: December 2024

Background: Procalcitonin (PCT) is a crucial biomarker for diagnosing sepsis and managing antibiotic therapy. This study evaluated the analytical performance and comparability of the Access PCT and Elecsys BRAHMS PCT assays. Methods: The precision, detection capability, linearity, and reference range of both assays were assessed. A comparative analysis included 182 patient samples categorized into four risk groups to compare the results between Access PCT and Elecsys BRAHMS PCT assays.Results: The Access PCT assay demonstrated precision within the manufacturer’s threshold, and its detection capabilities were verified. This assay exhibited excellent linearity and appropriate reference intervals. Comparative analysis indicated that the Access PCT assay reported higher overall PCT levels than the Elecsys BRAHMS assay, with high agreement between the assays (κ=0.941). However, the biases varied across different PCT concentration intervals.Conclusions: Both the Access PCT and Elecsys BRAHMS PCT assays performed robustly with notable concordance but varying biases at different concentration intervals. The observed biases require careful consideration in clinical decision-making, especially when adopting novel assay systems. Standardizing the calibration across different platforms is recommended to improve assay comparability.
El diseño de una base de datos para una representación de las fuentes históricas valencianas
Authors: Hernández Celio
Published: December 2024

En el ámbito de las Humanidades Digitales, es crucial el desarrollo de bases de datos para el acceso y organización eficiente de su contenido, también sobre fuentes históricas. Tanto las «instituciones-memoria» como los proyectos universitarios se especializan desde hace décadas en la creación y mejora de estas, con distintos grados de complejidad, para facilitar la tarea de la comunidad científica y, en ocasiones, centralizar la información que se encuentra dispersa en la red. Esto sucede con el proyecto VaHiFo (Valentiae Historici Fontes), de la UV/IIFV, que, en un esfuerzo por reunir las referencias sobre fuentes históricas valencianas, se ha embarcado en su localización y registro, así como en la creación de un sistema de información que las organice y gestione. El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar el proceso de diseño de dicha herramienta, que atiende a aspectos como la sencillez de uso, perdurabilidad y capacidad evolutiva. Asimismo, se ofrece una metodología que conceptualiza la descripción unificada de las fuentes históricas valencianas, de distinto género y con diversas tipologías materiales o de edición, y que además resalta la relación entre los testimonios de su tradición.Palabras clave: humanidades digitales, base de datos, fuentes históricas valencianas, metodología
Ricordo di Ferdinando Zuccotti
Authors: Cuneo Paola Ombretta
Published: December 2024

Abstract It’s the memory of Ferdinando Zuccotti, who left us prematurely in my academic and especially friendship experience.
Electrochemical-thermal-mechanical overcharge model on a scale of particle for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: ZHANG Huirou , ZENG Xiaoqi , LI Jiaxing , REN Yimao , WU Weixiong ,   International School of Energy, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519070, China
Published: December 2024

During overcharging of lithium-ion batteries, lithium plating can occur on the anode surface when the maximum lithium intercalation concentration is exceeded, while the cathode is in a lithium-poor state, which can result in shortened battery lifespan and safety. In this work, the geometric structure of the positive electrode particles is designed based on the tomography data, while the negative electrode particles are represented by spheres with different sizes. The homogenization method is used, with the carbon filler, binder and electrolyte regarded as a single porous conductive adhesive domain. Based on the main mechanism of lithium-ion battery overcharge, a coupled three-dimensional electrochemical-mechanical-thermal overcharge model on a particle scale is developed for NCM cathode and graphite anode. The coupled mathematical model consists of four parts, namely the electrochemical model, the lithium plating model, the thermal model and the stress-strain model. In terms of lithium precipitation, the particle radius parameter and charging rates are investigated. The results show that the lithium plating concentration of the particles near the separator is higher, following the “principle of proximity” , namely the sequence of lithium deintercalation is related to the migration path. The surface of anode particles with small particle size is more prone to lithium precipitation due to the high maximum lithium ion concentration on the surface of the particles, the low surface lithium precipitation overpotential, and the high average Von Mises stress. At high charging rate, fast charge transfer rate and ion diffusion rate result in a low voltage at the anode, triggering off lithium precipitation. At a low rate, polarization and low temperature can lead to the precipitation of more lithium on the surface of the anode particles. In terms of stress, the spatial distribution between particles and thermal effects are investigated. The ratio of the distance from the contact surface to the center of the particle to the particle radius is calculated and defined as the contact depth (\begin{document}$ J_{\rm r} $\end{document}), in order to better describe the law of particle contact stress. It is shown that the contact depth between particles is inversely proportional to the stress on the contact area. When the heat generation effect is considered, the temperature of the battery rises faster with the increase of the charging rate. The electrochemical parameters related to temperature and the lithium concentration diffusion gradient increase significantly, and the influence of temperature on the particle stress is also more significant. The relevant results can provide theoretical basis and guidance for designing battery and optimizing charge strategies.
Measurements and analyses of abnormal variation in dielectric relaxation spectra of monohydroxy alcohols
Authors: HAN Hongbo , WANG Wei , LIN Jiawei , ZHAO Xingyu , WANG Lina ,   Xinjiang Laboratory of Phase Transitions and Microstructures in Condensed Matters, College of Physical Science and Technology, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China
Published: December 2024

The five linear primary and secondary alcohols, i.e. n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, 2-butanol and 2-pentanol, have similar chain lengths and slightly different structures. In this work, dielectric spectroscopy is used to investigate the properties of monohydroxy alcohols. The dielectric spectra of isopropanol and n-butanol show an abnormal change. i.e. the relaxation peaks with the highest strength gradually increases with temperature rising in a range of about 145–175 K. The analyses indicate that the abnormal variation originates from that of the Debye dielectric relaxation strength (DDRS) in the monohydroxy alcohols at above temperatures. According to the theoretical model of the DDRS for the monohydroxy alcohol, the abnormal variation is believed to be the result of the combined effects of decrease and increase of the DDRS caused by temperature, and the transformation of the structure of the hydrogen bonding molecular chain caused by the variation of the mobility of molecules. By comparing the relaxation times of the five monohydroxy alcohols, it is found that the conditions should be more stringent to cause the above-mentioned abnormal variation. In addition, the results also show that strength parameter of Debye processes, intrinsic vibration frequency of the relaxation units and their activation energy in the high-temperature limit in secondary alcohols also rise with the increase of the number of carbon atoms, similar to the scenario in the case of primary alcohols. These results can not only provide a new breakthrough point for the investigation of exotic properties in monohydroxy alcohols but also give a reference to explore the effect of molecular chain length on their dynamics.
Inferring illness causes recruits the animacy semantic network
Authors: Hauptman Miriam , Bedny Marina
Published: December 2024

Inferring the causes of illness is universal across human cultures and is essential for survival. Here we use this phenomenon as a test case for understanding the neural basis of implicit causal inference. Participants (n=20) undergoing fMRI read two-sentence vignettes that encouraged them to make causal inferences about illness or mechanical failure (causal control) as well as non-causal vignettes. All vignettes were about people and were matched on linguistic variables. The same participants performed localizers: language, logical reasoning, and mentalizing. Inferring illness causes selectively engaged a portion of precuneus (PC) previously implicated in the semantic representation of animates (e.g., people, animals). This region was near but not the same as PC responses to mental states, suggesting a neural mind/body distinction. No cortical areas responded to causal inferences across domains (i.e., illness, mechanical), including in individually localized language and logical reasoning networks. Together, these findings suggest that implicit causal inferences are supported by content-specific semantic networks that encode causal knowledge.
Flexibility in PAM recognition expands DNA targeting in xCas9
Authors: Hossain Kazi A , Nierzwicki Lukasz , Orozco Modesto , Czub Jacek , Palermo Giulia
Published: December 2024

xCas9 is an evolved variant of the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing system, engineered to improve specificity and reduce undesired off-target effects. How xCas9 expands the DNA targeting capability of Cas9 by recognising a series of alternative protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequences while ignoring others is unknown. Here, we elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying xCas9’s expanded PAM recognition and provide critical insights for expanding DNA targeting. We demonstrate that while wild-type Cas9 enforces stringent guanine selection through the rigidity of its interacting arginine dyad, xCas9 introduces flexibility in R1335, enabling selective recognition of specific PAM sequences. This increased flexibility confers a pronounced entropic preference, which also improves recognition of the canonical TGG PAM. Furthermore, xCas9 enhances DNA binding to alternative PAM sequences during the early evolution cycles, while favouring binding to the canonical PAM in the final evolution cycle. This dual functionality highlights how xCas9 broadens PAM recognition and underscores the importance of fine-tuning the flexibility of the PAM-interacting cleft as a key strategy for expanding the DNA targeting potential of CRISPR-Cas systems. These findings deepen our understanding of DNA recognition in xCas9 and may apply to other CRISPR-Cas systems with similar PAM recognition requirements.
Exploiting functional regions in the viral RNA genome as druggable entities
Authors: Luo Dehua , Zheng Yingge , Huang Zhiyuan , Wen Zi , Guo Lijun , Deng Yingxiang , Li Qingling , Bai Yuqing , Haider Shozeb , Wei Dengguo
Published: December 2024

RNA-targeting compounds or small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) offer a potent means for controlling viral infections. An essential prerequisite to their design depends on identifying conserved and functional viral RNA structures in cells. Techniques that probe RNA structures
in situ
have been developed recently including SHAPE-MaP, which has been helpful in analyzing the secondary structures of RNA. In this study, we report on the application of SHAPE-MaP to the Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea Virus (PEDV) RNA genome to categorize different functional regions including potential quadruplex forming sequence and target sites of small interfering RNA (siRNA). Our results show that these structures can be exploited to inhibit viral proliferation and that SHAPE-MaP is an effective method to the identification of secondary structures in RNA genomes.
Cytosolic S100A8/A9 promotes Ca2+ supply at LFA-1 adhesion clusters during neutrophil recruitment
Authors: Napoli Matteo , Immler Roland , Rohwedder Ina , Lupperger Valerio , Pfabe Johannes , Gonzalez Pisfil Mariano , Yevtushenko Anna , Vogl Thomas , Roth Johannes , Salvermoser Melanie , Dietzel Steffen , Slak Rupnik Marjan , Marr Carsten , Walzog Barbara , Sperandio Markus , Pruenster Monika
Published: December 2024

S100A8/A9 is an endogenous alarmin secreted by myeloid cells during many acute and chronic inflammatory disorders. Despite increasing evidence of the proinflammatory effects of extracellular S100A8/A9, little is known about its intracellular function. Here, we show that cytosolic S100A8/A9 is indispensable for neutrophil post-arrest modifications during outside-in signaling under flow conditions in vitro and neutrophil recruitment in vivo, independent of its extracellular functions. Mechanistically, genetic deletion of S100A9 in mice caused dysregulated Ca2+ signatures in activated neutrophils resulting in reduced Ca2+ availability at the formed LFA-1/F-actin clusters with defective β2 integrin outside-in signaling during post-arrest modifications. Consequently, we observed impaired cytoskeletal rearrangement, cell polarization, and spreading, as well as cell protrusion formation in S100a9-/- compared to wildtype (WT) neutrophils, making S100a9-/- cells more susceptible to detach under flow, thereby preventing efficient neutrophil recruitment and extravasation into inflamed tissue.
Endosomal sorting protein SNX4 limits synaptic vesicle docking and release
Authors: Poppinga Josse , Barrett Nolan J , Cornelisse L Niels , Verhage Matthijs , van Weering Jan RT
Published: December 2024

Sorting nexin 4 (SNX4) is an evolutionary conserved organizer of membrane recycling. In neurons, SNX4 accumulates in synapses, but how SNX4 affects synapse function remains unknown. We generated a conditional SNX4 knock-out mouse model and report that SNX4 cKO synapses show enhanced neurotransmission during train stimulation, while the first evoked EPSC was normal. SNX4 depletion did not affect vesicle recycling, basic autophagic flux, or the levels and localization of SNARE-protein VAMP2/synaptobrevin-2. However, SNX4 depletion affected synapse ultrastructure: an increase in docked synaptic vesicles at the active zone, while the overall vesicle number was normal, and a decreased active zone length. These effects together lead to a substantially increased density of docked vesicles per release site. In conclusion, SNX4 is a negative regulator of synaptic vesicle docking and release. These findings suggest a role for SNX4 in synaptic vesicle recruitment at the active zone.
A novel model based on clinical and computed tomography (CT) indices to predict the risk factors of postoperative major complications in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Wang Jiaqi , Xu Kangjing , Zhou Changsheng , Wang Xinbo , Zuo Junbo , Zeng Chenghao , Zhou Pinwen , Gao Xuejin , Zhang Li , Wang Xinying
Published: December 2024

Background

Postoperative complications are prone to occur in patients after radical pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). This study aimed to construct and validate a model for predicting postoperative major complications in patients after PD.

Methods

The clinical data of 360 patients who underwent PD were retrospectively collected from two centers between January 2019 and December 2023. Visceral adipose volume (VAV) and subcutaneous adipose volume (SAV) were measured using three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) reconstruction. According to the Clavien-Dindo classification system, the postoperative complications were graded. Subsequently, a predictive model was constructed based on the results of least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) multivariate logistic regression analysis and stepwise (stepAIC) selection. The nomogram was internally validated by the training and test cohort. The discriminatory ability and clinical utility of the nomogram were evaluated by area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA).

Results

The major complications occurred in 13.3% (n = 48) of patients after PD. The nomogram revealed that high VAV/SAV, high system inflammation response index (SIRI), high triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI), low prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and CA199 ≥ 37 were independent risk factors for major complications. The C-index of this model was 0.854 (95%CI [0.800–0.907]), showing excellent discrimination. The calibration curve demonstrated satisfactory concordance between nomogram predictions and actual observations. The DCA curve indicated the substantial clinical utility of the nomogram.

Conclusion

The model based on clinical and CT indices demonstrates good predictive performance and clinical benefit for major complications in patients undergoing PD.
Bone histology and growth curve of the earliest ceratopsian Yinlong downsi from the Upper Jurassic of Junggar Basin, Northwest China
Authors: Han Fenglu , Zhao Qi , Hu Jinfeng , Xu Xing
Published: December 2024

Yinlong downsi, the earliest known ceratopsian, is represented by dozens of specimens of different sizes collected from the Upper Jurassic of the Junggar Basin, northwestern China. Here, we present the first comprehensive study on the bone histology of Yinlong downsi based on ten specimens varying in size. Four ontogenetic stages are recognized: early juvenile, late juvenile, subadult, and adult. The reconstructed growth curve suggests that Yinlong may reach sexual maturity at 6 years old, which is earlier than that of the well-studied early-diverging ceratopsian Psittacosaurus (9 years old) but later than ceratopsids (about 3 to 5 years old). This may indicate that sexual maturity begins earlier during the evolution of ceratopsians, and that the giant size of ceratopsids is acquired by accelerating growth rates. The cortex of the tibia mainly consists of fibrolamellar bone tissues, but parallel-fibered bone and lines of arrested growth (LAGs) are very common throughout ontogeny, suggesting a moderate growth rate. Quantitative analysis indicates that Yinlong has a maximum growth rate similar to those of other small-sized dinosaurs such as Psittacosaurus, Dysalotosaurus, and Troodon, and their maximum growth rates are higher than those of extant squamates and crocodiles but lower than those of extant mammals and large dinosaurs. This suggests that body size plays a more important role in growth rate than other factors such as phylogenetic position and/or diet among non-avian dinosaurs.
Formulation and Sensory Evaluation of Browntop (Brachiaria ramosa L.) Millet-Based Breakfast Cereal Enriched with Foxnut (Euryale ferox L.) Flour
Authors: Srivastav Shubhangi , Chauhan Ekta Singh
Published: December 2024

Millets have surfaced as a unique ingredient which has a potent presence as a predominant component in breakfast cereals. They have emerged as a convenient choice for almost all categories of people be it children, housewives, working professionals or elderly groups. The growing curiosity of health-conscious people towards the usage of millet in daily diet is due to their rich composition of protein, dietary fiber, vitamins and minerals. By incorporating millets into the cereal matrix food manufacturers can produce naturally gluten-free ingredients appropriate for people with gluten-sensitivity. This study focused on developing a browntop millet-based breakfast cereal enriched with oat and fox nut flour followed by its nutritional and organoleptic evaluation. The findings reveal 11.75% moisture, 63.75% carbohydrates, 10.62% fiber, 12.29% protein, 7.32% fat and rich mineral content. The energy calculated for all the breakfast cereal variants ranged from 328-344 kcal, which showed a decrease from the standard cereal commonly available in the market. The sensory analysis conducted on a 9-point hedonic scale reported Sample B (40:20:15) to be the most acceptable whereas Sample C (50:10:15) as the least preferred variant by observing overall acceptability scores. Moreover, the accessibility of nutrient-blended breakfast cereals could help combat malnutrition and enhance sustainability in the agricultural sector. They also have the potential to promote food security by ensuring long-term resource conservation and flourishing the market of plant-based foods.
Mpox Threats in Bangladesh: An Emerging Health Challenge and Call for Action
Authors: Ghosh Partha Pratim , Bose Palash , Bithi Anika Thasin , Sobur Kazi Abdus
Published: December 2024

Bangladesh, is concerned about the risk of Mpox elaborately, monkeypox as a worldwide health emergencies, especially after the arrival of the rapid spreading Clade 1b strain in India. Bangladesh has not yet reported any instances, but there is a high danger of transmission due to huge population density and close border to India. The interim administration is urged in this letter to take proactive steps, such as disease surveillance, cross-border collaboration, and preparedness of healthcare infrastructure.  Bangladesh has to improve its readiness in order to stop another breakout and lessen the possible social and economic effects, taking inspiration from the COVID-19 pandemic.
Evaluation of Submergence Tolerant Improved Restorer Lines for Fertility Restoration and Phosphorus Use Efficiency Using Gene-specific Markers in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Y Manasa , P Beulah , P Nagaraju , V Jaldhani , M Arivin , K K Raghuraman , K Sai Kylash , A Krishna Satya , P Sudhakar , P Senguttuvel
Published: December 2024

Restoring fertility in hybrid rice to maximize yield potential mainly involves identification and utilization of fertility restorer (Rf) genes. Thirty-two backcross inbred lines (32 BILs) derived from KMR-3R and Swarna-Sub1 possessing Sub1 generated through marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB) were screened using Rf4 and Rf3 markers during Rabi-2021. 13 BILs showed both Rf4 and Rf3 alleles, indicating significant variation in marker distribution. Remarkably, the BILs TCP2, TCP10, TCP11, TCP12, TCP14, TCP15, TCP18, TCP23, TCP25, TCP26, TCP28, TCP32, and MB44 were identified as promising restorers possessing both Rf4 and Rf3 genes along with Sub1. Additionally, the BILs TCP11, TCP14, TCP23, TCP28, TCP32, and MB44 were screened for the presence of Pup1 and noted positive for Sub1+Rf4+Rf3+Pup1 (both K46-1 and K46-2). This study demonstrates the combination of Rf4, Rf3 and Pup1 genes in Sub1 introgressed restorers can be used for developing submergence tolerant hybrids under phosphorous deficient soils and flood prone eco-systems.
A Comparative Study of Biofertilizers and Bioinoculants on Yield Parameters, Nutrient Status and Soil Microorganisms of Mango CV. Mallika in Middle Gujarat Condition
Authors: Rathod K. D. , Patel M. J. , Chaudhary H. L.
Published: December 2024

Nutrient status of leaf and soil microorganisms have directly influence on the nutrient-absorption rate and translocation in the tree system which ultimately increases the production of fruit crops. Therefore, The effects of different biofertilizer and bioinoculant treatments on yield, leaf nutrient status, and soil microorganisms were evaluated post-harvest. A two year field experiment was conducted at Horticultural Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, B.A.C.A, AAU, Anand, Gujarat, India during year 2019-20 and 2020-21 on mango cv. Mallika. The experiment was laid out in factorial CRD with four biofertilizers viz., D1: Bio NPK Consortium (10 ml/tree), D2: VAM (10 g/tree), D3: Bio NPK Consortium (10 ml/tree) + VAM (10 g/tree) and D4: No biofertilizers which were given as a soil drenching at pea stage i.e., March and four bioinoculants viz., S1: Seaweed extract (0.2 %), S2: Novel organic liquid nutrient (2 %), S3: Jeevamrut (10 %) and S4: No bioinoculants which were sprayed in two frequencies at 2nd week of April and 1st week of May. Among biofertilizers, D3 showed higher fruit weight, diameter, number of fruits per tree, yield as well as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in leaf. Among bioinoculants, S2 showed higher fruit weight in pooled result, fruit diameter, number of fruits per tree, yield, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in leaf. D3S2 resulted maximum yield and potassium content in leaf in pooled whereas, nitrogen and phosphorus content in leaf during both the years and pooled data. Similarly, D3S2 also recorded maximum soil microorganisms.
Maintenance of liver glycogen during long‐term fasting preserves energy state in mice
Authors: López‐Soldado Iliana , Bertini Angelo , Adrover Anna , Duran Jordi , Guinovart Joan J.
Published: March 2020

Glycogen shortage during fasting coincides with dramatic changes in hepatic adenine nucleotide levels. The aim of this work was to study the relevance of liver glycogen in the regulation of the hepatic energy state during food deprivation. To this end, we examined the response of mice with sustained increased liver glycogen content to prolonged fasting. In order to increase hepatic glycogen content, we generated mice that overexpress protein targeting to glycogen (PTG) in the liver (PTGOE mice). Control and PTGOE mice were fed ad libitum or fasted for 36 h. Upon fasting, PTGOE mice retained significant hepatic glycogen stores and maintained hepatic energy status. Furthermore, we show that liver glycogen controls insulin sensitivity, gluconeogenesis, lipid metabolism, and ketogenesis upon nutrient deprivation.
Thioredoxin mitigates H2O2‐induced inhibition of myogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by enhancing AKT activation
Authors: Liu Meiling , Li Xianglu , Zhou Changlin , Wang Manfeng , Wang Hongzhi , Ding Haifeng , Cheng Luyang , Gan Lu , Wu Xiaowei , Du Zhimin
Published: March 2020

Thioredoxin (Trx) is a hydrogen acceptor of ribonucleotide reductase and a regulator of some enzymes and receptors. It has been previously shown that significantly elevated levels of Trx expression are associated with the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), but it is not clear how Trx regulates the effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on myogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Here, we report that rat BMSCs treated with a high dose (150 µm) of H2O2 exhibited a significant reduction in viability, cell cycling, and superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase levels, and an increase in reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels, which was accompanied by reductions in protein kinase B activation and forkhead Box O1, myogenic differentiation 1 and myogenin expression during myogenic differentiation. Furthermore, treatment with recombinant human Trx significantly mitigated the effects of H2O2 on the myogenic differentiation of BMSCs, and this was abrogated by cotreatment with wortmannin [a specific phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase inhibitor]. In summary, our results suggest that treatment with recombinant human Trx mitigates H2O2‐induced oxidative stress and may promote myogenic differentiation of rat BMSCs by enhancing phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/protein kinase B/forkhead Box O1 signaling.
CNOT7 depletion reverses natural killer cell resistance by modulating the tumor immune microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ren Chongren , Ren Xiaojing , Cao Dujuan , Zhao Haichao , Zhai Zhensheng , Li Huiyu , Li Yanjun , Fu Xifeng , He Jiefeng , Zhao Haoliang
Published: March 2020

A major obstacle to effective cancer immunotherapy is the tumor immune microenvironment. Natural killer (NK) cell resistance has been suggested as a primary cause of poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which seemingly correlates with CNOT7 overexpression. CNOT7, a cytoplasmic mRNA deadenylase that is highly expressed in HCC, may regulate cytokine transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) secretion by controlling nuclear factor‐κB subunit p65 trafficking. CNOT7 depletion suppresses TGF‐β1 secretion in HCC and promotes interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) secretion by NK cells, and we previously demonstrated that CNOT7 depletion reversed IFN‐γ resistance in HCC cells. Therefore, we hypothesized that CNOT7 depletion might reverse NK cell resistance by influencing the tumor immune microenvironment of HCC. To test this hypothesis, we examined the correlation between CNOT7, STAT1, TGF‐β1 and IFN‐γ expression with hepatitis B virus‐related cirrhosis and HCC with hepatitis B virus‐related cirrhosis. We found that modulation of CNOT7 expression alters TGF‐β1 secretion in HCC and IFN‐γ secretion in NK cells. We also examined the effects of NK cells in HepG2 cells with CNOT7 knockdown, which showed that NK cell surface CD107a expression is up‐regulated and caspase‐3 expression is significantly enhanced in CNOT7‐deficient HepG2 cells. Overall, our results show that knockdown of CNOT7 expression reverses NK cell resistance in HCC cells. Therefore, CNOT7 depletion has potential as a new adjuvant therapy in immunotherapy for HCC.
Biomaterials Functionalized with MSC Secreted Extracellular Vesicles and Soluble Factors for Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Brennan Meadhbh Á. , Layrolle Pierre , Mooney David J.
Published: March 2020

The therapeutic benefits of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) transplantation are attributed to their secreted factors, including extracellular vesicles (EVs) and soluble factors. The potential of employing the MSC secretome as an alternative acellular approach to cell therapy is being investigated in various tissue injury indications, but EVs administered via bolus injections are rapidly sequestered and cleared. However, biomaterials offer delivery platforms to enhance EV retention rates and healing efficacy. This review highlights the mechanisms underpinning the therapeutic effects of MSC‐EVs and soluble factors as effectors of immunomodulation and tissue regeneration, conferred primarily via their nucleic acid and protein contents. Discussed is how manipulating the cell culture microenvironment or genetic modification of MSCs can further augment the potency of their secretions. The most recent advances in the development of EV‐functionalized biomaterials that mediate enhanced angiogenesis and cell survival, while attenuating inflammation and fibrosis, are presented. Finally, some technical challenges to be considered for the clinical translation of biomaterials carrying MSC‐secreted bioactive cargo are discussed.
2D/3D Heterostructure for Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells with Engineered Bandgap Enables Efficiencies Exceeding 25% in Four‐Terminal Tandems with Silicon and CIGS
Authors: Gharibzadeh Saba , Hossain Ihteaz M. , Fassl Paul , Nejand Bahram Abdollahi , Abzieher Tobias , Schultes Moritz , Ahlswede Erik , Jackson Philip , Powalla Michael , Schäfer Sören , Rienäcker Michael , Wietler Tobias , Peibst Robby , Lemmer Uli , Richards Bryce S. , Paetzold Ulrich W.
Published: March 2020

Wide‐bandgap perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with optimal bandgap (Eg) and high power conversion efficiency (PCE) are key to high‐performance perovskite‐based tandem photovoltaics. A 2D/3D perovskite heterostructure passivation is employed for double‐cation wide‐bandgap PSCs with engineered bandgap (1.65 eV ≤ Eg ≤ 1.85 eV), which results in improved stabilized PCEs and a strong enhancement in open‐circuit voltages of around 45 mV compared to reference devices for all investigated bandgaps. Making use of this strategy, semitransparent PSCs with engineered bandgap are developed, which show stabilized PCEs of up to 25.7% and 25.0% in four‐terminal perovskite/c‐Si and perovskite/CIGS tandem solar cells, respectively. Moreover, comparable tandem PCEs are observed for a broad range of perovskite bandgaps. For the first time, the robustness of the four‐terminal tandem configuration with respect to variations in the perovskite bandgap for two state‐of‐the‐art bottom solar cells is experimentally validated.
Oscillatory Light‐Emitting Biopolymer Based Janus Microswimmers
Authors: María‐Hormigos Roberto , Escarpa Alberto , Goudeau Bertrand , Ravaine Valérie , Perro Adeline , Kuhn Alexander
Published: March 2020

Janus particles with a double functionality are synthesized by asymmetric loading of alginate hydrogel beads with Prussian Blue, leading to microswimmers with an original dynamic oscillatory behavior coupled to chemical light emission. This phenomenon results from the combination of two features: 1) Prussian Blue in the gel acts as a catalyst and enables concomitant light emission and oxygen production in the presence of luminol and hydrogen peroxide; 2) the hydrogel particle has a differential porosity distribution, leading to an asymmetric release of oxygen bubbles propelling the particle. The synthesis of these functional materials is achieved using an electric field based symmetry breaking approach with ionically cross‐linked alginate beads and can be applied to a wide range of particle sizes. Such light‐emitting swimmers open up interesting perspectives for the elaboration of autonomous dynamic chemical systems.