bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quorum sensing inhibitory effects of vanillin on the biofilm formation of Pseudomonas fluorescens P07 by transcriptome analysis
Authors:   Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China, Ding Ting , Li Yong
Published: March 2021

Pseudomonas fluorescens is an important psychrotrophic food-spoilage bacterium. Quorum sensing (QS) enables bacteria to control various physiological processes. Hence, targeting bacterial QS would be a novel method to improve food quality. In this study, P. fluorescens P07 was treated with vanillin, which showed strong QS inhibitory activity, and its resultant effects on swarming motility, biofilm formation, and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) secretion were measured. The mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effects were then explored by transcriptomic analysis. The results showed that vanillin had inhibitory effects on swarming motility, biofilm formation, N-acyl-L-homoserine Lactone (AHLs) and EPS secretion of P. fluorescens P07. The result of transcriptionomic tests indicated that the decrease in bacterial biofilm formation was probably due to the influence of vanillin on mobility, adhesion, chemotaxis, EPS secretion, and QS system of the bacteria. Keywords: Pseudomonas fluorescens, quorum sensing, biofilm formation, transcriptome analysis, swarming motility
Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in Brassicaceae plants under abiotic stresses
Authors:   Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, (CBS)-University of Sfax, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia, Brini Faiçal , Saibi Walid
Published: March 2021

Brassicaceae plants, as an important source of primary and secondary metabolites, are becoming a research model in plant science. Plants have developed different ways to ward off environmental stress factors. This is lead to the activation of various defense mechanisms resulting in a qualitative and/or quantitative change in plant metabolite production. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is being continuously produced in cell during normal cellular processes. Under stress conditions, there are excessive production of ROS causing progressive oxidative damage and ultimately cell death. Despite their destructive activity, ROS are considered as important secondary messengers of signaling pathway that control metabolic fluxes and a variety of cellular processes. Plant response to environmental stress depends on the delicate equilibrium between ROS production, and their scavenging. This balance of ROS level is required for performing its dual role of acting as a defensive molecule in signaling pathway or a destructive molecule. Efficient scavenging of ROS produced during various environmental stresses requires the action of several non-enzymatic as well as enzymatic antioxidants present in the tissues. In this review, we describe the ROS production and its turnover and the role of ROS as messenger molecules as well as inducers of oxidative damage in Brassicaceae plants. Further, the antioxidant defense mechanisms comprising of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants have been discussed. Keywords: Abiotic stress, Antioxidant defence, Brassicaceae, Oxidative stress, ROS
Semântica e línguas indígenas
Authors: Sanchez-Mendes Luciana
Published: March 2021

Este artigo apresenta uma reflexão sobre os avanços dos estudos em semântica formal de línguas indígenas no Brasil por meio de um compilado das pesquisas realizadas com as línguas karitiana (tupi), wapichana e terena (aruák). O texto subdivide-se em uma primeira parte sobre as contribuições da metodologia empregada pela semântica formal na descrição de línguas sub-representadas, com ilustrações da pesquisa desenvolvida acerca da pluracionalidade em karitiana. Na segunda parte, são apresentadas reflexões acerca das contribuições dos dados de línguas não indo-europeias para a teoria linguística, em especial as abordagens que assumem universais linguísticos. Essa discussão é embasada nas pesquisas sobre a distinção contável-massivo em wapichana e em terena.
Covid-19: Aspectos da origem, fisiopatologia, imunologia e tratamento - uma revisão narrativa
Authors: Da Silva Cayo Cesar , De Carvalho Camilla Marcelle Ozorio , De Lima Denis Costa , Costa Emmanuela Santos , De Andrade Victória Maria Beltrão , Tenorio Bruno Mendes , Britto Diana Babini Lapa de Albuquerque , Tenorio Fernanda Chagas Angelo Mendes
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: descrever as principais informações descritas na literatura acerca das informações referentes a infecção pelo coronavírus e aspectos sobre o surgimento da doença, fisiopatologia, imunologia e tratamento.  Revisão bibliográfica: A Covid-19, por meio do vírus SARS-CoV-2, apesar de ser de uma família viral conhecida até mesmo de outra pandemia no passado, possui mecanismos que precisam ser estudados para compreender com detalhes informações acerca da sua etiologia, mecanismos de infecção e tratamentos eficazes no combate da infecção. Análises microscópicas de amostras teciduais além do entendimento da imunologia aplicada à defesa viral podem ser a solução para o desenvolvimento de vacinas que consigam realizar uma proteção eficaz contra o vírus e suas mutações já conhecidas. O tratamento e as vacinas, em sua maioria, ainda se encontram em fase final de testes e sua distribuição para a população a partir da aprovação da eficácia, pode levar um bom tempo, e até lá, muitas pessoas poderão perder a vida. Considerações finais: Estudos voltados a fisiopatologia e principalmente, imunologia da SARS-CoV2 podem facilitar o desenvolvimento de terapêuticas mais eficazes e de vacinas contra a infecção do coronavírus, diminuindo o número de mortos e infectados por todo o mundo e ajudando o reestabelecimento da economia pós normalidade.
A study on Private Car Accidents
Authors: Abdulmajeed Alamri  , Tarek M. Esmael  , Sami Fawzy  , Hany Hosny  , Saleh Attawi  , Ahmed Asiri  , Arulanantham Zechariah Jebakumar
Published: March 2021

In this study, road traffic injury (RTI) was defined as any injury resulting from a road traffic accident irrespective of severity and outcome. Road traffic accident (RTA) was defined as any crash on the road involving at least one moving vehicle, irrespective of it resulting in an injury. This could include collision with a vehicle or any non`moving object while driving/riding a vehicle, collision with a moving vehicle while walking/running/standing/ sitting on the road, or fall from a moving vehicle. The burden of road traffic accidents (RTA) is a leading cause of all trauma admissions in hospitals worldwide. Road traffic injuries cause considerable economic losses to victims, their families, and to nations as a whole. These losses arise from the cost of treatment (including rehabilitation and incident investigation) as well as reduced/lost productivity (e.g. in wages) for those killed or disabled by their injuries and for family members who need to take time off work (or school) to care for the injured. Road traffic fatality in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is the highest, accounts for 4.7% of all mortalities. Road injuries also are reported to be the most serious in this country, with an accident to injury ratio of 8:6. In this study, we try to focus on some causes of the accidents in KSA, so we can implement the prevention plan.
Work related injuries sustained by emergency medical technicians and paramedics in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Tarek M. Esmael  , Sami Fawzy  , Hany Hosny  , Omar Al Rashed  , Anas Alnasser  , Tariq Al Anazi  , Arulanantham Zechariah Jebakumar
Published: March 2021

Emergency medical technicians (EMTs) and paramedics take immediate care of patients who are injured or unhealthy and ensure their transportation to or from the hospital. Almost 10% of all European Union employees work in health and social care systems, and a considerable number of them work in hospitals. The same is the case in Saudi Arabia, where the health care system is well developed and vibrant. With such a large workforce working in an environment where they can face accidents and injuries, accidents do happen.  According to the International Labor Organization, there are 270 million occupational accidents causing 2 million deaths annually.  The study was conducted at King Fahd Military Complex, Dhahran and Red Crescent. The study was aimed to identify the nature, frequency and causes of work-related injuries among paramedical staff. The present is among the largest studies of WRIs in EMTs in Saudi Arabia. In this study, we found a very high rate of verbal and physical violence against healthcare personnel. Physical violence negatively affects levels of satisfaction in workers. Studies indicate that exposure to both chronic and critical incident stressors increases the risk of EMS personnel developing post-traumatic stress reactions. The risk of WRIs to paramedics and EMTs is obviously high. The most common injuries were verbal/ physical violence, needle stick injuries and motor vehicle accidents. The most common cause for these WRIs was carelessness on part of EMTs.
Multiple bilateral supernumerary teeth in a non-syndromic female patient - A case report with a comprehensive review
Authors: Rakhi Issrani  , Amal Alrayes  , Arunpriya Srinivasan  , Namdeo Prabhu  , Zafar Ali Khan  , Mahmoud Gamal Salloum  , Naseer Ahmed
Published: March 2021

Supernumerary tooth (ST) are the developmental disorders that could be found in either of the dental arches. Whereas the single ST is quite a common entity, multiple ST are rare, especially when they are not related to any syndromes or disorders. The experience of observing one such case is reported in light of a review of the literature on this condition. This report describes  a case of a non-syndromic 22-year-old female who presented with multiple erupted and impacted ST in the mandibular premolar region. The patient was educated about the complications and consequences associated with ST and was advised for extraction of erupted supernumerary premolars and observation of the impacted ones but the patient denied any treating as ST were not causing any immediate problem. Radiographic assessment plays a pivotal part in early diagnosis and intervention as it aids in avoiding complications associated with ST, especially in non-syndromic cases or when they are asymptomatic. Patients should be counselled regarding the same with proper explanations of all the treatment options.
Comparison of health related quality of life and health related outcomes among male patients with spinal cord injury with indwelling vs intermittent bladder catheterization - A pilot study
Authors: Abidfaheem TK  , Leena KC
Published: March 2021

The majority of people with Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) have abnormalities in bladder function. It is important for an individual with SCI to understand the merits and demerits of different methods of bladder management. The purpose of the study is to compare the health related quality of life (QOL) and health related outcomes among male patients with SCI on indwelling and intermittent bladder catheterisation. A descriptive comparative study was conducted from June to December 2019 among patients with SCI residing in Calicut District, India. Demographic and clinical data were collected using a structured interview schedule. Quality of life was assessed by Qualiveen -30. Urine culture and Numerical pain scale were used to assess Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) and pain, respectively. The mean Qualiveen 30 score was higher among individuals with indwelling catheterisation 2.426 ± 0.52 than in individuals with intermittent catheterisation 1.746 ± 0.39, which is significant (p =0.0001) and patients with intermittent catheterisation showed better QOL. Mean pain after catheterisation was 5.07 ± 1.44 among persons with indwelling catheterisation while 4.70 ± 1.41 in intermittent catheterisation, which is not significant (p=0.13). The people with indwelling catheterisation are 5.5 times likely to develop UTI than people with intermittent catheterisation (OR 5.5, 95% CI 1.15-26.41). The better QOL and less UTI are demonstrated in patients using intermittent catheterisation over indwelling catheterisation. There is no remarkable difference of pain during catheterisation in both groups. Intermittent catheterisation can be preferred over indwelling catheterisation among persons with SCI.
Incidence of Polycythaemia in Pancreatitis Patients
Authors: Ghayathiri Kannan  , Shruthi Kamal V  , Agil Selvam
Published: March 2021

Acute pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas due to reversible parenchymal injury. It is clinically diagnosed by a characteristic abdominal pain and laboratory findings of elevated levels of serum amylase and serum lipase. In addition to this, due to the movement of the intravascular fluid into the abdominal cavity, polycythaemia has been observed in a few such patients, which can potentially predispose to thromboembolic complications such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE), thereby posing a life-threatening risk to the patient. A study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery at Saveetha Medical College and Hospital to assess the incidence of polycythaemia in patients clinically diagnosed with acute pancreatitis by retrospectively analysing the haematology reports of 50 patients. It was found that 5 out of 50 patients (10%) had a finding of polycythaemia in their haematology reports. The identification of polycythaemia in pancreatitis patients will help the clinician with the management protocol to prevent the occurrence of thromboembolic events.
Analysis Of Morphology Of Renal Calyceal Pattern In Renal Donors Using Ct Angiography
Authors: Kumaresan M  , Dinesh M  , Sangeetha A  , Sudha K
Published: March 2021

Transplants are one of the biggest achievements of modern medicine and can save or greatly enhance the lives of other people. The recovery period after laparoscopic surgery is quicker than open surgery. It is important to know the variations of the renal calyceal pattern prior to the laparoscopic surgery during renal surgeries. The aim is to analyze the calyceal system in kidney donors using 64-Slice Computed Tomography Angiography. The study was conducted in a specialized scan centre located in Chennai after getting appropriate permission and ethical clearance. The study group was drawn from kidney donors who approached the scan centre and had no diseases related to kidney. In this study, a total of 99 healthy kidney donors were included to study the pattern of pelvicalyceal pattern and to classify further into bi-calyceal, tri-calyceal and multi-calyceal. This study found that bi-calyceal pattern is the most common pattern (%) and further this pattern was more in the right side in males and left side in females. The numbers of minor calyces were significantly more in the right multi-calyceal pattern than left multi-calyceal, tri-calyceal and bi-calyceal patterns. The association of occurrence in these pattern was significant in males with a strong association and insignificant in females. A detailed description of intrarenal arterial pattern and its relationship with calyceal pattern will be great significance in renal transplantation and also for other urological procedures.
Regulatory Comparative Quality Systems of India and USA and its Significance in Pharmaceutical Industry Facilities
Authors: Prabhakar V S  , Beula Evangeline C  , Aravindhanathan V  , Sruthi N  , Gowthamarajan K
Published: March 2021

The intentions of the current study are to compare the regulatory requirements of USFDA and CDSCO-Schedule M in GMP with significance to the pharmaceutical industry to speed up the criteria for enforcement to facilitate the regulatory approval of specified pharmaceutical products in the United States and India. The literature search is done using different resources, such as regulatory authority websites, pharmaceutical review articles, journals and public domains. To discuss the numerous dilemmas, root causes and challenges confront by pharmaceutical companies and to suggest remedial and pro-active measures to GMP issues and all pharmaceutical manufacturers are required to develop and enforce effective quality control systems in order to ensure quality. Whereas the regulated markets like the United States have well-established guidance compared to emerging markets like India on good manufacturing practice compliance, to assess the effectiveness of this quality management systems, inspections are carried out on manufacturing units. The primary objective of the analysis is to differentiate between the type of application or license that causes the inspection and the outcome of the inspection and to also provide enough details identified by the authority during the evaluation.
Detection of biofilm formation and correlation with antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Anitha M  , Jagatheeswary P A T  , Sumathi G  , Kamini B
Published: March 2021

Acinetobacter baumannii is a major cause of hospital acquired infections worldwide and is associated with resistance to routinely used antibiotics. Many clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii  are found to be biofilm producers. Hence there is difficulty in treating patients with Multi Drug Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii  (MDRAB). This present study aimed to study antibiotic resistance of A. baumannii isolates  and to evaluate the biofilm formation of Acinetobacter baumannii  by Tube Method (TM) and Microtiter Plate Method(MTPM).In this study, 73 A. baumannii  isolates of various clinical specimens were evaluated. Confirmation was done through conventional methods. Testing for antimicrobial susceptibility was done by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Biofilm formation was studied by TM and MTPM. Of the 73 isolates, 26(36%) were from urine, 19 (26%) from pus, 17 (23%) from sputum and 11 (15%) from other miscellaneous(body fluids excluding blood), out of which 81%(59/73) isolates were Multi Drug Resistant (MDR). 63% and 84% of isolates showed biofilm production in TM and MTPM, respectively. When comparing these two methods, MTPM assay was better than TM. Presence of a strong relationship between biofilm formation and MDRAB has been confirmed by the present study. Both methods used for detection of biofilm formation were found to be statistically significant. Sensitivity of MTPM was more than TM, which is supported by higher Positive Predictive Value of 87.5%. Therefore MTPM is a better method than TM and can be used as a screening method to detect biofilm production.
Application of DoE in polymers screening and optimization of in situ topical ϑilm-forming solution for spray formulation
Authors: Nabil Abdullah  , Amit B Patil
Published: March 2021

DoE is a structured and organised method to determine the relationship between the effect of change in the concentration of the independent variables and its impact on the formulation, through establishing a mathematical model. Since the acceptance of the QbD approach by the regulatory authorities across the world, DoE has been widely implemented in the areas of screening and optimisation of the formulations by the pharmaceutical industries. The topical delivery of API still posses' limitations such as insufficient contact time, odd hours of application time, sticking to fabrics, formulation washing off, etc. To address these limitations, the researcher planned to develop an in situ polymeric sprays that will form a transparent and flexible film, & will not interfere with the applicant's routine. Polymers such as HPMC, Eudragit RS100, PVP K30, PVP K90, Carbopol, Propylene glycol, Soluplus, and pullulan whereas the plasticisers selected were sorbitol. Voriconazole, a second-generation triazole, was used as a model drug. The article is a technological demonstration, in which the screening of polymers as well as the optimised concentration of the polymeric will be selected through 32 factorial design. The aim of the present article is also to establish the relationship between the software response and experimental values. The experiments were designed using 32 factorial design which resulted in 9 trial runs. Each run was evaluated for drying time, viscosity, and stickiness. The resultant response surface Later the optimisation, to yield an optimised polymeric solution that can deliver a desired in situ films. Based on ANOVA comparison of variability due to treatment, the significance of the regression model was evaluated. Other procedures such as DSC, FRIR, Stickiness, pH, diffusion studies were also performed on the selected formulation.
Anthelmintic and Antioxidant activity of Aqueous Ethanolic Extract of Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr.
Authors: Ganesh S  , Vijey Aanandhi M
Published: March 2021

Aqueous Ethanolic extract of vegetative (leaf) part of herbal plant Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk.) was assessed for Anthelmintic and Antioxidant activity. The obtained crude extract was prepared in different concentration, i.e., 50 and 100 mg/mL, against the standard Piperazine citrate, i.e., 10mg/mL for anthelmintic activity. Pheretima posthuma test worms were used during the study and the anthelmintic activity was evaluated based on Paralysis and Death time. Three groups of the test specimen and freshly prepared solutions were used during the study. The average paralysis and death time of standard is 1.4 & 39.59 min (10mg/mL) compared to sample 5.3 & 65.09 min (50mg/mL); 2.5 & 54.08 min (100mg/mL). From the data, aqueous ethanolic extract possesses promising anthelmintic activity compared to piperazine citrate standard. Similarly, antioxidant activity was evaluated for sample at different concentration ranging from 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, and 320 µg/ml premixed with 2.5mL of 0.0135mM DPPH solution. Ascorbic acid was used as a standard and treated in a similar way as that of a sample. Control samples were also prepared without standard and sample solutions. Prepared solutions were vortexed and kept at benchtop condition for 30 minutes and absorbance was measured at 517 nm in a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The absorbance pattern of the sample is not comparable with that of the standard solution at the same concentration. Aqueous ethanolic extract with IC50 (half maximal inhibitory concentration) value is >320 µg/mL against standard Ascorbic acid with an IC50 value of 15.5 µg/ml. Which witness the crude extract possess less antioxidant activity.
Fruitfulness of Solar Technology
Authors: Annapoorani Rajam
Published: March 2021

This book delineated the contemporary upshots of the fossil fuel's feebleness and renewable energy's splendid face. Solar technology occupied a trump card position.Fossil fuels caused global warming, ozone depletion,climate change, health defects to the living organisms and environmental hazards .Because of the stumbling block and downside of the fossil fuels, we have to increase the usage of renewable energy.By dint of getting know about the significance of renewable energy, many environmental activists and scientists are set in motion to launch the renewable energy scheme.
Deciphering the Global Private Financial Flows
Authors: Muhammad Zeeshan Shaukat  , Muhammad Aamir  , Imad-ud-Din Akbar  , Majid Ali
Published: March 2021

Cross border and inter country financial recourse is like a civilization hold. It is fundamentally important phenomenon to study. Purpose of this study is to investigate inter country global private financial flows in context of current financial regimes. Design of the study is quantitative based on a secondary data taken from website of World Development Indicators (WDI) 2020. A literature review of relevant studies extracted from renowned research databases is also integral part of the overall design of the study. For the purpose of analysis and investigation the study uses Grey Relational Analysis (GRA). GRA is a mathematical technique capable of handling a multitude of alternatives with plenty of criteria simultaneously. It is a ranking technique that generates the reference series, normalizes the data and compares the weighted average grey coefficients with reference series. GRA is a popular methodology espoused in grey systems theory. It is the study of eighty-three countries on the basis of five different criteria. The countries have been ranked according to Grey relational grades by using rank function of excel and are divided into seven different categories on the basis of intensity of financial flows. The categories have been made on the basis of ordinal scale e.g. exceptionally high level of private global financial flows, excellent, very good, good, fair, poor and very poor. Results show that China, Niger, Brazil, Mozambique, Mongolia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Cambodia, Grenada, Thailand, Indonesia, Argentina and Maldives have exceptionally high private financial flows, whereas, countries namely Lesotho, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Botswana, Guatemala, Solomon Islands, Afghanistan, Bolivia, Bhutan, Angola and Russian Federation have poor financial flows. Majorly, Arabian Countries (AC), Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) countries fall under exceptionally high ensign, whereas, member countries of Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) and Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) countries fall under very poor ensign. This study is useful for political governments, international agencies, researchers and academia (students and teachers of international finance). It also provides new information and deeper insights by way of assigning grey relational grades to countries and classifies them into seven groups. It also extends discussion to enlighten upon bloc level position.
Application of Cognitive Motivational Relational Theory to Examine the Influence of E-Banking Quality Factors on Customer Loyalty
Authors: Atif Ali Gill  , Riaz Hussain Ansari  , Kashif Akram  , Muhammad Waseem Tufail
Published: March 2021

Banks equipped themselves with modern tools to provide innovative and dynamic services to clients. Traditional banking transformed into digital online banking to facilitate customers all over the world through the internet. High-quality online banking services are necessary to retain clients. Customers using online banking services of the top five commercial Pakistani private banks were the study population. A structural equation modeling technique was employed to analyze the hypothesis. The results found the significant impact of reliability, website design, and security on customer trust leading to higher loyalty based on cognitive, motivational relational theory. The research findings provide numerous theoretical and practical implications for banks' administration to make internet banking website design more user-friendly and reliable with enhanced security features that win the customers' trust and strengthen loyalty.
Indicadores Hídricos do Núcleo de Desertificação da Microrregião do Seridó Ocidental da Paraíba (Water Indicators of Desertification Nucleus in the Seridó Microregion of Paraíba State)
Authors: Almeida Hermes Alves de , Aguiar Danilo Barbosa , Silva José Nivaldo , Damaseceno João
Published: March 2021

As condições áridas ou semiáridas são sempre associadas com a susceptibilidade ao processo de degradação de terras. Assim sendo, houve a necessidade de se estabelecer indicadores hídricos das localidades de Santa Luzia, São José do Sabugi e Várzea, pertencentes ao núcleo de desertificação da microrregião do Seridó Ocidental da Paraíba, utilizando-se índices de seca meteorológica e do balanço hídrico climatológico, sendo essas determinações os objetivos principais deste trabalho. As séries pluviais dos referidos locais foram agrupadas e analisadas usando-se critérios da estatística climatológica, sendo estabelecido o regime pluvial, o índice de anomalia de chuva (IAC), o balanço hídrico climatológico e os índices de aridez, hídrico e de umidade efetiva. Os principais resultados mostraram que o regime pluvial do referido núcleo de desertificação é extremamente irregular, assimétrico e a curta estação chuvosa, perdura por cerca de três meses (fevereiro a abril), e chove o equivalente a 65 % do total anual. O IAC mostrou ser um bom indicador da variabilidade do regime pluvial, além de detectar períodos secos ou chuvosos e estabelecer as categorias de seca meteorológica. O predomínio significativo da deficiência hídrica, em quase todos os meses do ano, contribui para a susceptibilidade ao processo de degradação ambiental na microrregião do Seridó Ocidental da Paraíba.    ABSTRACT Arid or semi-arid conditions are always associated with susceptibility to land degradation process. Therefore, it was necessary to establish indicators of water localities of Santa Luzia, São José do Sabugi and Várzea, belonging to the nucleus of desertification of micro region western of the Paraíba, using indices of dry weather and water balance these determinations are the main objectives of this work. The rainfall series from such locations were contained and analyzed being used criteria of the climatologically statistics, rainfall patterns being established, the rainfall anomaly index (IAC), the water balance and the index of aridity, water and effective moisture. The principal results showed that rainfall regime of the referred nucleus desertification is extremely irregular, asymmetric and short rainy season lasts for about three months (February-April), and it rains the equivalent of 65% of the annual. The IAC has proved to be a good indicator of the variability of rainfall patterns and to detect dry or rainy periods and establish categories of dry weather. The significant prevalence of water deficit in almost every month of the year, contributes to susceptibility to environmental degradation in the micro region of Western Seridó of Paraíba. Key-words: climate, environmental degradation, droughts indexes, aridity
Prognóstico de Radiação Solar Através Modelos que Combinam as Técnicas Wavelet e Redes Neurais (Forecast of Solar Radiation Through Models that Combine the Wavelet and Neural Networks Techniques)
Authors: Saraiva Samuel Vitor , Amorim Ricardo Ferreira , Carvalho Frede Oliveira , Domingues Leonardo
Published: March 2021

O prognostico de variáveis meteorológicas, como radiação solar, sempre foi de grande importância para a tomada de decisão em ocasião de ocorrências de eventos incomuns. Nesse contexto é justificável a busca por modelos matemáticos e estatísticos que produzam melhores prognósticos para tais variáveis. Desta forma investiga-se a estratégia de conjunção que se compõe de duas técnicas muito utilizadas no tratamento de série temporal; a transformada Wavelet que mostra analiticamente o sinal no domínio do tempo e da frequência; e as RNA’s a quais são modelos de inteligência artificial. A combinação dessas duas técnicas, o que se denomina modelo híbrido, tem se mostrado eficaz no prognóstico de variáveis meteorológicas. Os dados diários de radiação solar são do Instituto Agronômico do Paraná/PR coletados no período de 1990 até 1995. Neste trabalho são estudadas conjunções de modelos híbridos com Redes Neurais e técnicas Wavelets, apresentando o resumo de alguns dos modelos sintetizados na literatura, para o prognóstico de radiação solar. Tais modelos híbridos estudados se mostraram satisfatórios no prognóstico dessa variável, pois apresentaram um melhor desempenho em relação aos modelos que não são híbridos, sendo o modelo que se mostrou mais eficiente no prognóstico foi o que utiliza as sub-séries da decomposição como entrada da Rede Neural, pois apresenta regressão com valores significativos (R próximo a 1).    A B S T R A C T The prognosis of meteorological variables such as solar radiation has always been of great importance for decision making in time of occurrence of unusual events. In this context it is justifiable to search for mathematical and statistical models that produce better prognosis for these variables. Thus investigates the combination strategy which uses two techniques widely used in the treatment time series; Wavelet transform analytically shows that the signal in the time domain and frequency; and the RNA's which models of artificial intelligence. The combination of these two techniques, which is called the hybrid models, has proven effective in predicting meteorological variables. Daily data of solar radiation are the Agronomic Institute of Parana / PR collected from 1990 to 1995. In this work conjunctions of hybrid models with neural networks and wavelets techniques are studied, presenting a summary of some of the synthesized models in the literature for the prediction of solar radiation. Such hybrid models studied were satisfactory prognosis with this variable because it showed better performance compared to models that are not hybrids in the model that is more efficient prognosis was that uses the sub-series decomposition as input the Network neural, it presents significant regression values (R close to 1). Keywords: Wavelet, Neural Network, Forecast.
Identificação e Análise de Secas Severas e Extremas no Município de Taperoá-PB (Identification and Analysis of Severe and Extreme Dry in the Municipality of Taperoá-PB)
Authors: Farias André Aires de , Souza José Thyago , Sousa Francisco Asis
Published: March 2021

A seca é um fenômeno que ocorre naturalmente quando a precipitação fica abaixo dos níveis normais registrados, isso provoca um sério desequilíbrio hídrico que afeta negativamente o meio urbano e rural. Para analisar uma seca, índices podem ser utilizados. Diante disso, objetivou-se utilizar o Índice Padronizado de Precipitação para identificar e analisar as secas severas e extremas no município de Taperoá-PB. Foram utilizados dados de totais mensais precipitados para o período de 1963-2013 do município de Taperoá-PB. A avaliação do grau de severidade dos períodos secos foi realizada através do Índice Padronizado de Precipitação (SPI), nas escalas temporais de 03, 06, 09, 12 e 24 meses. Devido os maiores impactos serem em função de secas severas e extremas, optou-se por analisar apenas os SPIs que representem essas categorias. Para calcular o SPI foi utilizado o Módulo de identificação Regional de Seca (REDIM). Os SPIs detectaram, segundo a intensidade média, secas severas e extremas no município, embora não esteja no artigo, à categoria de seca moderada aconteceu com maior frequência. Verificou-se que o maior número de secas severas e extremas aconteceu durante as décadas de 1980 e 1990, com a maioria delas acontecendo na de 1990.   A B S T R A C T Drought is a phenomenon that occurs naturally when rainfall is below normal recorded levels, it causes a serious hydrological imbalances that adversely affect the urban and rural environments. To analyze a drought indices can be used. Therefore, we aimed to use the Standardized Precipitation Index to identify and analyze the severe and extreme in the municipality of Taperoá PB-dried. Data from precipitates monthly totals for the period 1963-2013 the municipality of Taperoá-PB. The assessment of the severity of dry periods was performed using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), the timescales of 03, 06, 09, 12 and 24 months. Because the greatest impacts are due to severe and extreme droughts, we chose to analyze only the SPIs that represent these categories. To calculate the SPI Module identification Regional Drought (REDIM) was used. SPIs detected, averaged, severe droughts and extreme intensity in the county, although not in the article, the category of moderate drought happened more often. It was found that the most severe and extreme droughts occurred during the 1980s and 1990s, with most of them happening in 1990.
Sazonalidade da Vegetação em Função do Regime Pluviométrico no Estado da Paraíba (Sazonality of the Vegetation as a Function of the Rainfall Regime in the Paraíba State)
Authors: Souza Leandro Fontes , Braga Célia Campos , Santos Elder Guedes , Ribeiro Roberta Evellyn , Ávila Pâmela Ribeiro
Published: March 2021

O objetivo desse estudo é analisar a variabilidade média do índice de vegetação por diferença normalizada (IVDN) e compreender sua relação com o regime pluviométrico do estado da Paraíba durante o período de 2007 a 2009. Foram utilizados totais mensais de precipitação de 30 estações pluviométricas distribuídas no Estado, num total de cinco municípios em cada região homogênea de precipitação. Utilizaram-se composições mensais do IVDN obtidas a partir do sensor MODIS/Aqua para o mesmo período. A seguir, utilizou-se a técnica estatística dos mínimos quadrados para encontrar uma equação que melhor se ajustasse aos dados. Constatou-se que as regiões de menor variabilidade do IVDN apresentaram as melhores correlações (r) polinomiais do segundo grau entre o IVDN e a chuva para um nível de significância α = 0,01. Em todas as regiões as correlações foram superiores a 0,79. O menor erro padrão percentual da estimativa foi obtido na Zona da Mata e Litoral (8,79%) onde as chuvas são mais regulares com menor variabilidade do índice de vegetação. Nas demais regiões o erro percentual padrão da estimativa (EPPE) oscilou de 10,14 a 16,78%. O modelo polinomial de segundo grau foi utilizado para estimar o IVDN usando dados de precipitação do ano de 2005, o EPPE oscilou de 12,89 a 26,11% evidenciando que o modelo representa bem o comportamento do IVDN em função das chuvas.  ABSTRACT This study aims to analyse the variability of the Normalized Deferential Vegetation Index mean (NDVI) and its relationship between to precipitation and NDVI index at Paraíba state during 2007-2009. The precipitation data are from 30 rain gauges spacially distributed at Paraíba region in a total of five county by homogeneous region, whereas the NDVI were inferred using the sensor MODIS on board the Aqua satellite. Was applied the method of least squares to find the relationship that best represents the behavior of NDVI depending on rainfall. Was found that regions with low variability of NDVI showed the best correlation (r) second degree polynomial between NDVI and rainfall for a significance level α=0.01. The analysis between precipitation and NDVI have a high correlation (r >0.79) for all regions evaluated. The lowest Standard Error Percentage of the Estimate was obtained at Coastal region (8.79%) where rains are more regular with less variability in the vegetation index. In the remaining areas of estimate (EPPE) percentage error ranged from 10.14 to 16.78%. The second degree polynomial model was used to estimate NDVI using rainfall data of 2005 and the EPPE ranged from 12.89 to 26.11% showing that the model represents well the behavior of NDVI depending on rainfall.
Análise de Parâmetros Ambientais no Núcleo de Desertificação de Irauçuba-CE Usando Imagens de Satélite (Analysis of Environmental Parameters in the Core of Desertification Irauçuba-CE Using Satellite Images)
Authors: Santos Élder Guedes dos , Santos Carlos Antonio Costa dos , Bezerra Bergson Guedes , Nascimento Francisco das Chagas Araújo do
Published: March 2021

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o processo de desertificação na região do município de Irauçuba, no noroeste do estado do Ceará, através de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto, na perspectiva de verificar se há relação dos parâmetros ambientais (albedo da superfície, NDVI, temperatura da superfície, balanço de radiação e energia, assim como, fração não evaporativa) e a distribuição temporal da precipitação com o processo de desertificação apresentado na região estudada. Foram utilizadas imagens do satélite TM – Landsat 5 das datas 20 de julho de 1985, 21 de julho de 1991 e 14 de julho de 2006 e aplicados os algoritmos SEBAL e S-SEBI para obtenção dos parâmetros ambientais analisados. Foi diagnosticada retirada da cobertura da vegetação nativa, que pode indicar áreas em processo de desertificação e/ou degradação ambiental. Similarmente, foi observada redução do saldo de radiação à superfície, aumento no fluxo de calor no solo, diminuição da energia utilizada para evaporação e aumento da energia utilizada para aquecimento do solo e do ar, ocasionando o aumento da temperatura, além de um aumento sistemático do déficit de umidade no solo da região estudada.  A B S T R A C T This study aims to analyze the process of desertification in the municipality of Irauçuba in northwestern state of Ceará, through remote sensing techniques with a view to ascertain whether there is a relationship of environmental parameters (surface albedo, NDVI, surface temperature, radiation balance and energy, as well as non-evaporative fraction) and the temporal distribution of precipitation with the desertification process presented in the studied region. Landsat 5-TM satellite images of July 20, 1985, July 21, 1991 and July 14, 2006 and SEBAL and S-SEBI algorithm for obtaining the environmental parameters analyzed were used. Cover removal of native vegetation that may indicate areas of desertification and/or environmental degradation process was diagnosed. Similarly, reducing the surface net radiation, increased soil heat flux, decreased energy used for evaporation and increases the energy used to heat the soil and air, causing the temperature increase was observed, and a systematic increase of the soil moisture deficit in the study area.   Key-Words: precipitation, semiarid, environmental degradation, Landsat.
ANÁLISE DO CONFORTO TÉRMICO HUMANO NO MUNICÍPIO DE ARAPIRACA – ALAGOAS, UTILIZANDO SOFTWARE MATLAB (ANALYSIS OF THE HUMAN THERMAL COMFORT THE CITY OF ARAPIRACA - ALAGOAS USING SOFTWARE MATLAB)
Authors: Santos Juliete Baraúna dos
Published: March 2021

Foram obtidas medidas das variáveis meteorológicas temperatura do ar, umidade relativa do ar e velocidade do vento através da estação automática instalada em Arapiraca com a finalidade de monitorar as condições de tempo no município em diferentes períodos (época chuvosa e seca). Sendo utilizado o índice de desconforto (ID), o índice de desconforto de Kawamura (IDK), índice da temperatura efetiva (TE) e o índice de temperatura efetiva em função do vento (TEV). Os valores mais elevados dos índices que foram registrados para o período chuvoso, foram do índice id com aproximadamente 2,5 °C acima dos valores observados da temperatura do ar (em média 26,5 °C), caracterizando crescente desconforto para os indivíduos locais.  Para o período seco não houve registros de grandes variações entre os respectivos índices. E assim como no período chuvoso, os valores mais elevados no período seco foram do índice id, indicando nesse período também forte desconforto. Os valores obtidos estiveram condizentes com a literatura, sendo a sensação térmica mais preponderante durante o inverno. E, de acordo com as variações, em todo período de estudo (05 de maio de 2008 a 05 de maio de 2011) a população foi submetida aos alertas de atenção e muito cuidado, situação esta que pôde provocar fadiga ou cãibras, esgotamento e insolação nos casos de exposição prolongada e atividade física.      A B S T R A C T Measurements of meteorological variables air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed by automatic station installed in Arapiraca in order to monitor the weather conditions in the city in different periods (dry and rainy season) were obtained. Being used the discomfort index (ID), the discomfort index of Kawamura (IDK), index of effective temperature (TE) and the index of effective temperature as a function of wind (TEv). Higher index values ​​that were recorded for the rainy season, the index id were approximately 2.5 ° C above the observed values ​​of air temperature (average 26.5 ° C), indicating increasing discomfort for local individuals . For the dry period there were no reports of large variations between the respective indices. And just as the rainy season, the highest values ​​in the dry season were the index id, indicating that period also strong discomfort. The values ​​obtained were consistent with the literature, the most predominant wind chill during the winter. And, according to the variations in the study period (May 5, 2008 to 05 maio 2011) the population was subjected to warnings of attention and care, a situation that could cause fatigue or cramps, exhaustion and heat stroke in cases of prolonged exposure and physical activity.   Key-Words: Urban climate. Thermal comfort Human. Bioclimatic
EXPANSÃO DA AGRICULTURA IRRIGADA E MUDANÇAS NOS PROCESSOS DE INTERAÇÃO SUPERFÍCIE-ATMOSFERA: UM ESTUDO NUMÉRICO DE IMPACTO AMBIENTAL EM ÁREAS DE CAATINGA (EXPANSION OF IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE AND CHANGES IN PROCESSES OF SURFACE-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTION: A NUM
Authors: Melo Ewerton Cleudson , CORREIA MAGALY FATIMA , ARAGÃO MARIA SILVA
Published: March 2021

O RAMS (Sistema de Modelagem Atmosférica Regional) na versão 8.0 é utilizado neste estudo com o objetivo de avaliar como a expansão da agricultura irrigada pode modificar processos de interação entre a superfície e a atmosfera. Dois cenários (com e sem influência antrópica) são utilizados para simular mudanças na configuração espacial dos fluxos turbulentos em condições atmosféricas moduladas pela atuação de um VCAN (vórtice ciclônico de altos níveis). Os resultados indicam que a variabilidade espacial dos fluxos turbulentos é altamente influenciada pelas características da superfície, topografia, umidade no solo e tipo de vegetação. Por outro lado, a redução no teor de umidade da atmosfera, normalmente referenciado como déficit de pressão de vapor (DPV), é outro fator que exerce um forte controle sobre a taxa de evapotranspiração e pode alterar consideravelmente o balanço de energia em superfície. Nos períodos de atividade convectiva intensa a influência da irrigação nos fluxos turbulentos não é evidente. Em contrapartida, os fluxos simulados nos dias sem precipitação são bastante afetados pela disponibilidade de água no solo nos perímetros irrigados. Esse efeito é mais pronunciado do que o da mudança das áreas de vegetação nativa por áreas agrícolas.   A B S T R A C T The RAMS (Regional Atmospheric Modeling System) version 8.0 is used in this study aiming to evaluate how the expansion of the irrigated agriculture can modify the processes of interaction between the surface and the atmosphere. Two scenarios (with and without anthropogenic influence) are used to simulate changes in the spatial pattern of the turbulent fluxes in atmospheric conditions modulated by an ULCV (upper level cyclonic vortex). The results indicate that the spatial variability of the turbulent fluxes is highly influenced by surface characteristics, topography, soil moisture and vegetation type. On the other hand, a reduction in the moisture content of the atmosphere, normally referenced as the vapor pressure deficit (VPD), is another factor that exerts a strong control upon the evapotranspiration rate and may considerably alter the surface energy balance. In periods of intense convective activity the influence of irrigation upon the turbulent fluxes is not evident. By contrast, the fluxes simulated in rainless days are highly affected by the availability of water in the soil of the irrigated perimeters. This effect is more pronounced than the one due to the change of the native vegetation areas by agricultural areas