bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Macrodiversity Reception with Distributed Hard-Decision Receivers for Maritime Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Chen Weigang , Sun Dongming , Han Changcai , Yang Jinsheng , Gong Feng , Wang Wei
Published: July 2020

Maritime wireless sensor networks are considered to be the primary means of monitoring methods in the marine environment. The transmission between sensor node and sink node in maritime wireless sensor networks is usually unreliable due to the harsh propagation environment. To extend the transmission range or to enhance the transmission reliability between sensor nodes and sink node, we propose a macrodiversity reception scheme in the sink node equipped with distributed multiple hard-decision receivers. Multiple receivers are divided into several clusters and placed at different locations to receive different signal copies suffering from different fadings. Furthermore, a cascaded combining strategy based on hard-decision information is used to reduce the overall complexity of receiving side. The experimental results in the ocean scenarios show that the macrodiversity reception scheme with two antenna clusters has a transmission gain of 3–4 dB compared with the single antenna reception when the package loss rate is 10 − 2 . The study casts a new method for reliable transmission in maritime wireless sensor networks using commercial transceivers which can only output hard-decision results.
Challenges in Design and Fabrication of Flexible/Stretchable Carbon- and Textile-Based Wearable Sensors for Health Monitoring: A Critical Review
Authors: Heo Jae Sang , Hossain Md Faruk , Kim Insoo
Published: July 2020

To demonstrate the wearable flexible/stretchable health-monitoring sensor, it is necessary to develop advanced functional materials and fabrication technologies. Among the various developed materials and fabrication processes for wearable sensors, carbon-based materials and textile-based configurations are considered as promising approaches due to their outstanding characteristics such as high conductivity, lightweight, high mechanical properties, wearability, and biocompatibility. Despite these advantages, in order to realize practical wearable applications, electrical and mechanical performances such as sensitivity, stability, and long-term use are still not satisfied. Accordingly, in this review, we describe recent advances in process technologies to fabricate advanced carbon-based materials and textile-based sensors, followed by their applications such as human activity and electrophysiological sensors. Furthermore, we discuss the remaining challenges for both carbon- and textile-based wearable sensors and then suggest effective strategies to realize the wearable sensors in health monitoring.
STEPS: An Indoor Navigation Framework for Mobile Devices
Authors: Landau Yael , Ben-Moshe Boaz
Published: July 2020

This paper presents a vision-based navigation system designed for indoor localization. The suggested framework works as a standalone 3 D positioning system by fusing a sophisticated optical-flow pedometry with map constrains using an advanced particle filter. The presented method requires no personal calibration and works on standard smartphones with relatively low energy consumption. Field experiments on Android smartphones show that the expected 3 D error is about 1–2 m in most real-life scenarios.
Modeling and Piezoelectric Analysis of Nano Energy Harvesters
Authors: Wasim Muhammad Faisal , Tayyaba Shahzadi , Ashraf Muhammad Waseem , Ahmad Zubair
Published: July 2020

The expedient way for the development of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) based devices are based on two key steps. First, perform the simulation for the optimization of various parameters by using different simulation tools that lead to cost reduction. Second, develop the devices with accurate fabrication steps using optimized parameters. Here, authors have performed a piezoelectric analysis of an array of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures that have been created on both sides of aluminum sheets. Various quantities like swerve, stress, strain, electric flux, energy distribution, and electric potential have been studied during the piezo analysis. Then actual controlled growth of ZnO nanorods (NRs) arrays was done on both sides of the etched aluminum rod at low-temperature using the chemical bath deposition (CBD) method for the development of a MEMS energy harvester. Micro creaks on the substrate acted as an alternative to the seed layer. The testing was performed by applying ambient range force on the nanostructure. It was found that the voltage range on topside was 0.59 to 0.62 mV, and the bottom side was 0.52 to 0.55 mV. These kinds of devices are useful in low power micro-devices, nanoelectromechanical systems, and smart wearable systems.
Predictive Modeling of a Leaf Conceptual Midpoint Quasi-Color (CMQ) Using an Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Simko Ivan
Published: July 2020

The color of plant leaves is moderated by the content of pigments, which can show considerable dorsiventral distribution. Two typical examples are leafy vegetables and ornamentals, wherein red and green color surfaces can be seen on the same leaf. The proof of concept is provided for predictive modeling of a leaf conceptual mid-point quasi-color (CMQ) from the content of pigments. The CMQ idea is based on the hypothesis that the content of pigments in leaves is associated with the combined color from both surfaces. The CMQ, which is calculated from CIELab color coordinates at adaxial and abaxial antipodes, is thus not an actual color, but a notion that can be used in modeling. The CMQ coordinates, predicted from the content of chlorophylls and anthocyanins by means of an artificial neural network (ANN), matched well with the CMQ coordinates empirically found on photosynthetically active leaves of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), but also with other plant species with comparable leaf attributes. Modeled values of lightness (qL*) decreased with the increasing content of both pigments, while the redness or greenness (qa*) and yellowness or blueness (qb*) of the CMQ were affected more by a relative content of chlorophylls and anthocyanins in leaves. The highest vividness of quasi-colors (qC*) was modeled for leaves with a high content of either pigment alone. The model predicted a substantially duller quasi-color for leaves with chlorophylls and anthocyanins present together, particularly when both pigments were present at very high levels.
Quantum Diffie–Hellman Extended to Dynamic Quantum Group Key Agreement for e-Healthcare Multi-Agent Systems in Smart Cities
Authors: Naresh Vankamamidi S. , Nasralla Moustafa M. , Reddi Sivaranjani , García-Magariño Iván
Published: July 2020

Multi-Agent Systems can support e-Healthcare applications for improving quality of life of citizens. In this direction, we propose a healthcare system architecture named smart healthcare city. First, we divide a given city into various zones and then we propose a zonal level three-layered system architecture. Further, for effectiveness we introduce a Multi-Agent System (MAS) in this three-layered architecture. Protecting sensitive health information of citizens is a major security concern. Group key agreement (GKA) is the corner stone for securely sharing the healthcare data among the healthcare stakeholders of the city. For establishing GKA, many efficient cryptosystems are available in the classical field. However, they are yet dependent on the supposition that some computational problems are infeasible. In light of quantum mechanics, a new field emerges to share a secret key among two or more members. The unbreakable and highly secure features of key agreement based on fundamental laws of physics allow us to propose a Quantum GKA (QGKA) technique based on renowned Quantum Diffie–Hellman (QDH). In this, a node acts as a Group Controller (GC) and forms 2-party groups with remaining nodes, establishing a QDH-style shared key per each two-party. It then joins these keys into a single group key by means of a XOR-operation, acting as a usual group node. Furthermore, we extend the QGKA to Dynamic QGKA (DQGKA) by adding join and leave protocol. Our protocol performance was compared with existing QGKA protocols in terms of Qubit efficiency (QE), unitary operation (UO), unitary operation efficiency (UOE), key consistency check (KCC), security against participants attack (SAP) and satisfactory results were obtained. The security analysis of the proposed technique is based on unconditional security of QDH. Moreover, it is secured against internal and external attack. In this way, e-healthcare Multi-Agent System can be robust against future quantum-based attacks.
Estimating the Effects of Awareness on Neck-Muscle Loading in Frontal Impacts with EMG and MC Sensors
Authors: Krašna Simon , Đorđević Srđan
Published: July 2020

Critical traffic situations, such as vehicle collisions and emergency manoeuvres, can cause an occupant to respond with reflex and voluntary actions. These affect the occupant’s position and dynamic loading during interactions with the vehicle’s restraints, possibly compromising their protective function. Electromyography (EMG) is a commonly used method for measuring active muscle response and can also provide input parameters for computer simulations with models of the human body. The recently introduced muscle-contraction (MC) sensor is a wearable device with a piezo-resistive element for measuring the force of an indenting tip pressing against the surface of the body. The study aimed to compare how data collected simultaneously with EMG, video motion capture, and the novel MC sensor are related to neck-muscle loading. Sled tests with low-severity frontal impacts were conducted, assuming two different awareness conditions for seated volunteers. The activity of the upper trapezius muscle was measured using surface EMG and MC sensors. The neck-muscle load F was estimated from an inverse dynamics analysis of the head’s motion captured in the sagittal plane. The volunteers’ response to impact was predominantly reflexive, with significantly shorter onset latencies and more bracing observed when the volunteers were aware of the impact. Cross-correlations between the EMG and MC, EMG and F, and F and MC data were not changed significantly by the awareness conditions. The MC signal was strongly correlated (r = 0.89) with the neck-muscle loading F in the aware and unaware conditions, while the mean ΔF-MC delays were 21.0 ± 15.1 ms and 14.6 ± 12.4 ms, respectively. With the MC sensor enabling a consistent measurement-based estimation of the muscle loading, the simultaneous acquisition of EMG and MC signals improves the assessment of the reflex and voluntary responses of a vehicle’s occupant subjected to low-severity loading.
Comparison between the Airgo™ Device and a Metabolic Cart during Rest and Exercise
Authors: Antonelli Andrea , Guilizzoni Dario , Angelucci Alessandra , Melloni Giulio , Mazza Federico , Stanzi Alessia , Venturino Massimiliano , Kuller David , Aliverti Andrea
Published: July 2020

The aim of this study is to compare the accuracy of Airgo™, a non-invasive wearable device that records breath, with respect to a gold standard. In 21 healthy subjects (10 males, 11 females), four parameters were recorded for four min at rest and in different positions simultaneously by Airgo™ and SensorMedics 2900 metabolic cart. Then, a cardio-pulmonary exercise test was performed using the Erg 800S cycle ergometer in order to test Airgo™’s accuracy during physical effort. The results reveal that the relative error median percentage of respiratory rate was of 0% for all positions at rest and for different exercise intensities, with interquartile ranges between 3.5 (standing position) and 22.4 (low-intensity exercise) breaths per minute. During exercise, normalized amplitude and ventilation relative error medians highlighted the presence of an error proportional to the volume to be estimated. For increasing intensity levels of exercise, Airgo™’s estimate tended to underestimate the values of the gold standard instrument. In conclusion, the Airgo™ device provides good accuracy and precision in the estimate of respiratory rate (especially at rest), an acceptable estimate of tidal volume and minute ventilation at rest and an underestimation for increasing volumes.
Special Issue “Body Sensors Networks for E-Health Applications”
Authors: Naranjo-Hernández David , Reina-Tosina Javier , Roa Laura M.
Published: July 2020

Body Sensor Networks (BSN) have emerged as a particularization of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) in the context of body monitoring environments, closely linked to healthcare applications. These networks are made up of smart biomedical sensors that allow the monitoring of physiological parameters and serve as the basis for e-Health applications. This Special Issue collects some of the latest developments in the field of BSN related to new developments in biomedical sensor technologies, the design and experimental characterization of on-body/in-body antennas and new communication protocols for BSN, including some review studies.
Deep-Learning-Based Methodology for Fault Diagnosis in Electromechanical Systems
Authors: Arellano-Espitia Francisco , Delgado-Prieto Miguel , Martinez-Viol Victor , Saucedo-Dorantes Juan Jose , Osornio-Rios Roque Alfredo
Published: July 2020

Fault diagnosis in manufacturing systems represents one of the most critical challenges dealing with condition-based monitoring in the recent era of smart manufacturing. In the current Industry 4.0 framework, maintenance strategies based on traditional data-driven fault diagnosis schemes require enhanced capabilities to be applied over modern production systems. In fact, the integration of multiple mechanical components, the consideration of multiple operating conditions, and the appearance of combined fault patterns due to eventual multi-fault scenarios lead to complex electromechanical systems requiring advanced monitoring strategies. In this regard, data fusion schemes supported with advanced deep learning technology represent a promising approach towards a big data paradigm using cloud-based software services. However, the deep learning models’ structure and hyper-parameters selection represent the main limitation when applied. Thus, in this paper, a novel deep-learning-based methodology for fault diagnosis in electromechanical systems is presented. The main benefits of the proposed methodology are the easiness of application and high adaptability to available data. The methodology is supported by an unsupervised stacked auto-encoders and a supervised discriminant analysis.
FDTD Simulation: Simultaneous Measurement of the Refractive Index and the Pressure Using Microdisk Resonator with Two Whispering-Gallery Modes
Authors: Zhang Ping , He Dongyue , Zhang Chen , Yan Zhiruo
Published: July 2020

In this paper, an approach to measure both the refractive index (RI) and the pressure simultaneously using two Whispering-Gallery Modes (WGMs) in a microdisk resonator is theoretically proposed. Due to the difference in the energy distribution of the first and second order WGMs, the sensitivity of two modes toward the variation of RI and pressure applied to the device show differences. An RI sensitivity of 29.07 nm/RIU and pressure sensitivity of 0.576 pm/kPa for WGM (1,36), and an RI sensitivity of 38.68 nm/RIU and a pressure sensitivity of 0.589 pm/kPa for WGM (2,28) are obtained through the 3D finite-difference time-domain (3D-FDTD) simulation. Dual parametric sensing can be achieved by solving the second-order inverse sensitivity matrix. Therefore, strain–optical coupling behavior is effectively eliminated. The dual sensing scheme we proposed provides a novel approach to overcome the difficulty of multi-sensing applications based on the flexible photonic device.
Fusion of Hyperspectral CASI and Airborne LiDAR Data for Ground Object Classification through Residual Network
Authors: Chang Zhanyuan , Yu Huiling , Zhang Yizhuo , Wang Keqi
Published: July 2020

Modern satellite and aerial imagery outcomes exhibit increasingly complex types of ground objects with continuous developments and changes in land resources. Single remote-sensing modality is not sufficient for the accurate and satisfactory extraction and classification of ground objects. Hyperspectral imaging has been widely used in the classification of ground objects because of its high resolution, multiple bands, and abundant spatial and spectral information. Moreover, the airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) point-cloud data contains unique high-precision three-dimensional (3D) spatial information, which can enrich ground object classifiers with height features that hyperspectral images do not have. Therefore, the fusion of hyperspectral image data with airborne LiDAR point-cloud data is an effective approach for ground object classification. In this paper, the effectiveness of such a fusion scheme is investigated and confirmed on an observation area in the middle parts of the Heihe River in China. By combining the characteristics of hyperspectral compact airborne spectrographic imager (CASI) data and airborne LiDAR data, we extracted a variety of features for data fusion and ground object classification. Firstly, we used the minimum noise fraction transform to reduce the dimensionality of hyperspectral CASI images. Then, spatio-spectral and textural features of these images were extracted based on the normalized vegetation index and the gray-level co-occurrence matrices. Further, canopy height features were extracted from airborne LiDAR data. Finally, a hierarchical fusion scheme was applied to the hyperspectral CASI and airborne LiDAR features, and the fused features were used to train a residual network for high-accuracy ground object classification. The experimental results showed that the overall classification accuracy was based on the proposed hierarchical-fusion multiscale dilated residual network (M-DRN), which reached an accuracy of 97.89%. This result was found to be 10.13% and 5.68% higher than those of the convolutional neural network (CNN) and the dilated residual network (DRN), respectively. Spatio-spectral and textural features of hyperspectral CASI images can complement the canopy height features of airborne LiDAR data. These complementary features can provide richer and more accurate information than individual features for ground object classification and can thus outperform features based on a single remote-sensing modality.
Full-Scale Maneuvering Trials Correction and Motion Modelling Based on Actual Sea and Weather Conditions
Authors: Mei Bin , Sun Licheng , Shi Guoyou
Published: July 2020

Aiming at the poor accuracy and difficult verification of maneuver modeling induced by the wind, waves and sea surface currents in the actual sea, a novel sea trials correction method for ship maneuvering is proposed. The wind and wave drift forces are calculated according to the measurement data. Based on the steady turning hypothesis and pattern search algorithm, the adjustment parameters of wind, wave and sea surface currents were solved, the drift distances and drift velocities of wind, waves and sea surface currents were calculated and the track and velocity data of the experiment were corrected. The hydrodynamic coefficients were identified by the test data and the ship maneuvering motion model was established. The results show that the corrected data were more accurate than log data, the hydrodynamic coefficients can be completely identified, the prediction accuracy of the advance and tactical diameters were 93% and 97% and the prediction of the maneuvering model was accurate. Numerical cases verify the correction method and full-scale maneuvering model. The turning circle advance and tactical diameter satisfy the standards of the ship maneuverability of International Maritime Organization (IMO).
Gypsum, Geopolymers, and Starch—Alternative Binders for Bio-Based Building Materials: A Review and Life-Cycle Assessment
Authors: Bumanis Girts , Vitola Laura , Pundiene Ina , Sinka Maris , Bajare Diana
Published: July 2020

To decrease the environmental impact of the construction industry, energy-efficient insulation materials with low embodied production energy are needed. Lime-hemp concrete is traditionally recognized as such a material; however, the drawbacks of this type of material are associated with low strength gain, high initial moisture content, and limited application. Therefore, this review article discusses alternatives to lime-hemp concrete that would achieve similar thermal properties with an equivalent or lower environmental impact. Binders such as gypsum, geopolymers, and starch are proposed as alternatives, due to their performance and low environmental impact, and available research is summarized and discussed in this paper. The summarized results show that low-density thermal insulation bio-composites with a density of 200–400 kg/m3 and thermal conductivity (λ) of 0.06–0.09 W/(m × K) can be obtained with gypsum and geopolymer binders. However, by using a starch binder it is possible to produce ecological building materials with a density of approximately 100 kg/m3 and thermal conductivity (λ) as low as 0.04 W/(m × K). In addition, a preliminary life cycle assessment was carried out to evaluate the environmental impact of reviewed bio-composites. The results indicate that such bio-composites have a low environmental impact, similar to lime-hemp concrete.
Emergence of and Learning Processes in a Civic Group Resuming Prescribed Burning in Norway
Authors: Metallinou Maria-Monika
Published: July 2020

Background: Coastal Norwegian heathlands have been regularly managed by burning for about 5000 years. This practice, supporting sustainable herbivore production, did, however, seize in the 1950s and was virtually absent for 60–70 years. Loss of biodiversity, increased fire hazard due to biomass accumulation and loss of visual landscape qualities recently propelled new interest in traditional landscape management. Loss of know-how makes this a dangerous activity. The present study focuses on the emergence and learning processes of a civic group established for resuming prescribed burning in Northern Rogaland in order to possibly assist similar initiatives elsewhere. Methods: Study of written information, interviews with core prescribed burners and participant observation have been undertaken. The topics at four annual prescribed burning seminars, arranged by the studied civic group, have been analyzed. Participant observation at civic group winter meetings, debriefing sessions and field work has also been undertaken. Results: Pioneers who, without guidance, resumed prescribed burning relied on experience gained as part-time firefighters and relations to farming, in particular sheep grazing. Building good relations with local fire brigades and support by local and regional environmental authorities (especially the local agricultural advisory office) enhanced the practice. Short weather window, assembling a big enough burner group on the working days, as well as possible liability issues were identified as challenges. They were self-taught through “learning by doing” and open to new technologies/artifacts, i.e., leaf blowers for fire control. Their use of artifacts, together with supporting the fire brigades during a wildfire, strengthened their group identity. A connection to academia improved the focus on safe and effective prescribed burning through deeper insight into the physical parameters that govern burning in the terrain. Conclusions: The study provides valuable insight into favorable preconditions and possible key personnel for resuming prescribed burning in other areas in Norway and elsewhere. Content and teaching methods for a possible future standardized prescribed heathland burning course are suggested.
Applying Comparable Sales Method to the Automated Estimation of Real Estate Prices
Authors: Kim Yunjong , Choi Seungwoo , Yi Mun Yong
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we propose a novel procedure designed to apply comparable sales method to the automated price estimation of real estates, in particular, that of apartments. Apartments are the most popular residential housing type in Korea. The price of a single apartment is influenced by many factors, making it hard to estimate accurately. Moreover, as an apartment is purchased for living, with a sizable amount of money, it is mostly traded infrequently. Thus, its past transaction price may not be particularly helpful to the estimation after a certain period of time. For these reasons, the up-to-date price of an apartment is commonly estimated by certified appraisers, who typically rely on comparable sales method (CSM). CSM requires comparable properties to be identified and used as references in estimating the current price of the property in question. In this research, we develop a procedure to systematically apply this procedure to the automated estimation of apartment prices and assess its applicability using nine years’ real transaction data from the capital city and the most-populated province in South Korea and multiple scenarios designed to reflect the conditions of low and high fluctuations of housing prices. The results from extensive evaluations show that the proposed approach is superior to the traditional approach of relying on real estate professionals and also to the baseline machine learning approach.
The Role of the United Nations Environment Assembly in Emerging Issues of International Environmental Law
Authors: Perrez Franz Xaver
Published: July 2020

This article takes a closer look at the scientific, policy and catalytic functions of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and its Assembly (UNEA) and UNEA’s role in addressing emerging issues in international environmental policy and law by examining two concrete examples. The first shows how UNEA was able to contribute to the international environmental law on mercury: UNEA played a catalytic policy role by contributing to the development of international soft law, customary law, and treaty law. Further, UNEA played a policy shaping role by influencing the further development of key international environmental law principles in the negotiations of new environmental norms in other fora. The second example describes UNEA’s unsuccessful attempt to address geoengineering. Building on the two examples, the article identifies factors that support or impede the fulfilment of UNEA’s role in addressing emerging issues of international environmental policy and law.
Glyphosate Use in the European Agricultural Sector and a Framework for Its Further Monitoring
Authors: Antier Clémentine , Kudsk Per , Reboud Xavier , Ulber Lena , Baret Philippe V. , Messéan Antoine
Published: July 2020

Monitoring pesticide use is essential for assessing farming practices and the risks associated with the use of pesticides. Currently, there are neither consolidated, public data available on glyphosate use in Europe, nor a standardized categorization of its major uses. In this study, data on glyphosate sales and use in Europe were collected from multiple sources and compiled into a dataset of the agricultural use of glyphosate from 2013 to 2017. The survey shows that glyphosate represented 33% of the herbicide volume sold in Europe in 2017. One third of the acreage of annual cropping systems and half of the acreage of perennial tree crops received glyphosate annually. Glyphosate is widely used for at least eight agronomic purposes, including weed control, crop desiccation, terminating cover crops, terminating temporary grassland and renewing permanent grassland. Glyphosate use can be classified into occasional uses—i.e., exceptional applications, triggered by meteorological conditions or specific farm constraints—and recurrent uses, which are widespread practices that are embedded in farming systems and for which other agronomic solutions may exist but are not frequently used. This article proposes a framework for the precise monitoring of glyphosate use, based on the identification of the cropping systems in which glyphosate is used, the agronomic purposes for which it is employed, the dose used and the rationale behind the different uses.
Clinical case of chronic portal vein thrombosis
Authors: Zaklyakova L. , Levitan B. , Bolgova M. , Skvortsov V. , Zaklyakov I.
Published: July 2020

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a form of venous thrombosis that causes impaired or terminated blood flow in the portal vein. PVT is the main reason for the development of extrahepatic portal hypertension. The article presents a clinical case of chronic PVT with signs of severe portal hypertension and ascites. A feature of the case is that in a patient with suspected decompensated cirrhosis of the liver with the ineffectiveness of standard treatment, PVT was detected. The cause of PVT was mechanical trauma of the portal vein and hemocoagulation thrombophilia. For health reasons, the patient was prescribed rivaroxaban. Rivaroxaban is an oral anticoagulant from the group of Xa inhibitors. Against the background of treatment, recanalization of PVT was noted in the patient. Our experiment has shown that rivaroxaban is a promising drug for treatment of PVT.
Niveles séricos de proteínas y peso vivo en llamas (Lama glama) pastoreadas en praderas nativas de Curahuara De Carangas, Oruro
Authors: Ramos Choque Marleni Julia , Copa Quispe Santiago , Cahuana Mollo Jaime Fidel
Published: July 2020

El crecimiento y la nutrición de llamas se afectan mutuamente. El estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar los niveles séricos de proteínas y peso vivo en llamas (Lama glama) pastoreados en praderas nativas de la zona Huacullani comunidad Jilahuta Manasaya, Municipio Curahuara de Carangas Provincia Sajama, Oruro. Se emplearon 77 llamas distribuidos por categorías de edad y sexo, se tomaron muestras de 8 ml de sangre de la vena yugular, el suero se obtuvo por centrifugación en noviembre, enero y marzo; los análisis de laboratorio de proteína total, albúmina, bilirrubina total y directa se realizaron por el método colorimétrico, la urea por el método enzimático específico, la creatinina por el método colorimétrico cinético, globulina por diferencia. Los resultados fueron: proteína total 6,54±2,23 g/dl influida por factores meses y edad (P<0,01); albúmina 3,75±1,22 g/dl afectada por meses, sexo y categoría de edad (P< 0,01); globulina 2,78±2,73 g/dl influida por meses, entre otras. Los resultados sobre los niveles séricos de proteínas totales, albúmina, globulina y urea se encuentran dentro de los parámetros referenciales; sin embargo, el peso vivo de los animales es relativamente bajo.
Poa (Poaceae) of Colombia: A Taxonomic Revision
Authors: Sylvester Steven P. , Soreng Robert J. , Bravo-Pedraza William J. , Cuta-Alarcon Lia E. , Giraldo-Cañas Diego
Published: July 2020

The grass genus Poa L. is widespread throughout temperate areas of the Andes, being a common constituent in the highly diverse but threatened high-elevation páramo grasslands of northwest South America. Knowledge of Poa from these páramo areas is very limited, however, with no comprehensive taxonomic treatments available for Colombia, which contains the largest area of páramo in the Neotropics and its surrounding countries. We present a taxonomic revision of Poa for Colombia accepting 15 species, including two recent combinations of Poa previously circumscribed in Aphanelytrum (Hack.) Hack. We describe a new species, P. colombiana Soreng & Sylvester, and a new variety, P. subspicata (J. Presl) Kunth var. glabrata Soreng & Sylvester, for Colombia and Ecuador. Poa colombiana is similar to P. aequatoriensis Hack. but differs in having lemmas pubescent on the keel and marginal veins, lemma apices weakly acute, flag leaf sheath margins fused 20%–38% their length, and anthers generally larger, > 1.2 mm long. Poa subspicata var. glabrata differs from P. subspicata s. str. in having glabrous lemmas. We provide two new records for Colombia of P. huancavelicae Tovar, and P. mucuchachensis Luces. Two species, P. orthophylla Pilg. and P. reclinata (Swallen) Soreng & P. M. Peterson, are considered endemic to Colombia. Poa soderstromii Negritto & Anton is placed as a subspecies of P. orthophylla, and P. leioclada Hack. is synonymized under P. mulalensis Kunth. The names P. annua L. var. exilis Tomm. ex Freyn, P. humilis Ehrh. ex Hoffm., P. infirma Kunth, P. leioclada, P. orthophylla, P. pauciflora Roem. & Schult., P. pratensis L. subsp. irrigata (Lindm.) H. Lindb., P. puberula Steud., P. pubiflora Benth., P. subcaerulea Sm., P. subspicata, and P. trachyphylla Pilg. are lectotypified, P. mulalensis is neotypified, and P. trachyphylla is epitypified. Four species are exotic and introduced from Europe: P. annua, P. infirma, P. pratensis, and P. trivialis L. We provide a key, descriptions, illustrations, distribution and habitat information, vouchers, and notes for each species.
Pandemic policing: Highlighting the need for trauma-informed services during and beyond the COVID-19 crisis
Authors: Jones Daniel J.
Published: July 2020

There has been a move towards trauma-informed services in multiple systems whose services are provided by police, medical doctors, nurses, teachers, and social workers, to name a few. Trauma-informed practices are best described as understanding the psychological and physiological impacts of trauma in a strengths-based framework. This becomes increasingly important in a policing context during the COVID-19 pandemic. The potential for increased intimate partner violence, child abuse, trauma, and other Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) may have implications for years to come that will impact justice systems, health care, and education. Having trauma-informed police services may mitigate this and provide police with the skills to identify and address issues early on to work towards getting the necessary supports to families in need.
DYEING OF SILK YARN WITH EXTRACT FROM OLD LEAVES OF ARTOCARPUS HETEROPHYLLUS
Authors: Ali Nurul Ain , Taif Basitah
Published: July 2020

Jackfruit leaves are a renewable resource where there are frequently removed from the tree. However, its ability in utilising for natural coloration is beyond potential. In this research, old leaves from Jackfruits (Artocarpus Heterophyllus) was studied to uncover the dyeing capabilities on silk yarn. The modern extraction method through micro-wave oven was applied in three procedures pre mordanting and dyeing, simultaneous mordanting, and post mordanting. The established natural colours have been studies on its dyeing ability on silk yarn by using aluminium sulfate and tannin as the mordant. Through visual observation, it was discovered that the shade of colour from Pre-mordanting and dyeing showed excellent results in the range of dark-brown colour. The lightest shade appeared through Post mordanting and dyeing where Simultaneous mordanting and control samples showed a similar range of mid-brown colour. Therefore, the application of renewable resources such as the Jackfruit leaves will become a matter of significant importance for the establishment of safe and eco local textile products.
LABORATORY-FIELD RESEARCH RESULTS FOR ONION CLEANING
Authors: Dorokhov Alexey Semyonovich , Sibirev Aleksey Viktorovich , Aksenov Alexander Gennadievich , Mosyakov Maxim Alexandrovich
Published: July 2020

In the machine technology for cultivation and harvesting of root crops and onions, one of the most important quality indicators determining the duration of root crops storage is the presence of soil and plant impurities in the heap to be stored. The impossibility to separate soil lumps from the heap of root crops and onions is due to the fact that the majority of harvesters use slotted separating executive devices, while the inter-rod distance of the separating conveyor, in order to eliminate the loss of root crops, is made smaller than the minimum size of the separated root crop, which leads to the impossibility of their cleaning on the separating executive devices of harvesters, and, consequently, to the damage of a significant part of commercial products and loss of a significant part of the crop grown during storage. The modern technologies and technical means for harvesting root crops and onions are not capable of providing high-quality commercial products with minimal labour, due to falling behind or a lack of development of technological foundations, technologies and executive devices for harvesting root crops and onions, capable of reducing or excluding the content of soil lumps in commercial products under various soil and climatic conditions. Therefore, development of mechanization tools for harvesting root crops and onions, which would allow reducing or eliminating the content of mechanical impurities in commercial products under various soil and climatic conditions, is a scientific problem, the solution of which will contribute to the innovative development of the domestic agricultural market, Russia's stable position on the foreign market.
ASSESSMENT OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ APPEARANCE IN CONNECTION WITH ACADEMIC SUCCESS
Authors: Zinchenko E.V.
Published: July 2020

The article substantiates the need to study the phenomenon of appearance in the context of educational environment. The author emphasizes the special importance of self-realization and communication in the field of education for a modern person who exists in an ever-changing world, imposing new requirements on him or her. In the article the appearance of a person is considered from the point of view of a socio-psychological approach, as a form of objectification of the inner self in the communication process. Assessment and self-assessment of the external appearance of university students are correlated with their academic success. Academic success is understood by the author as an integrative indicator, made up of the performance evaluation, assessment of the educational activity, assessment of the degree of satisfaction with the training and learning outcomes. The article considers objective and subjective indicators of academic success. The study confirms the hypothesis about the relationship between the indicators of academic success and indicators of assessing the appearance of a university student.
TESTING AS A PROCEDURE FOR ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF EDUCATION IN AN UNIVERSITY
Authors: Batalova Yu.A. , Bykova S.S.
Published: July 2020

The relevance of the article is due to the fact that providing a high level of quality of education for a modern educational organization is the main strategic goal. By the quality of education, Federal state educational standards of higher education imply the students' achievement of competences as the learning results in a university. However, today there is a problem of how to measure these competences. The article reveals the main theoretical and practical approaches to the developing and using tests as diagnostic tools for assessing the quality of training students: the requirements that must be followed when creating tests, the types of assessing that are conducted by testing, the comparative characteristics of regulatory-oriented and criteria-oriented types of testing are presented. The article also presents the possibilities of using tests within the competence approach, describes the features and advantages of the testing methods with the application of information technologies.
DIDACTICS THEORY AND LEARNING PRACTICES IN THE CONTEXT OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE CHOICE OF CONSCIOUSNESS
Authors: Ivanov M.V.
Published: July 2020

The article is devoted to the mechanism of positive and negative choice of consciousness, which received its justification in the theory of V.M. Allakhverdov. Consciousness appears as a constructive reaction of the psyche to the uncertainty of a state in which it is impossible to use one or another automatism to successfully regulate behavior. The human psyche immediately after its birth receives a huge amount of information and carefully records it. At the basic (not conscious) level, the entire personal "archive" of individual experience is stored in the maximum completeness. At the surface (conscious) level, the stream of consciousness flows continuously and provides the reception of higher, rational decisions. But at the level of awareness, the basic consciousness without restriction allows for those images and strategies that are necessary for solving urgent and not fully understood problems. As long as variants of unconscious ideas remain in the unconscious, they do not change or modify and form a stable basis for conscious search. The use of such theoretical attitudes helps to re-evaluate many established pedagogical views. The teacher has important didactic functions. When a student learns a new scientific term, he can automatically connect it inaccurately with the existing intellectual experience and only in a dialogue with the teacher he goes from erroneous statements to true ones. The teacher helps one to overcome a variety of negative choices and get closer to a successful positive choice. The teacher also acts as a motivator for creativity, helping the student in solving non-standard tasks to activate internal resources to remove a barrier in the unconscious. Insight removes the block from the previously selected option that was negatively selected. The main function of the teacher as a caregiver is to help the student in achieving a positive personal self-determination, which firmly preserves both the search activity and the critical self-esteem.
Riesgo y muerte de los médicos a 100 días del estado de emergencia por el COVID-19 en Perú
Authors: Galán-Rodas Edén , Tarazona-Fernández Augusto , Palacios-Celi Miguel
Published: July 2020

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Reutilización de respiradores N95: estrategias de descontaminación aplicables en la pandemia de COVID 19 en Perú
Authors: Romaní Luccio , Vilchez-Cornejo Jennifer
Published: July 2020

El virus SARS-CoV-2 o virus del COVID-19, considerado como emergencia internacional de salud pública, fue declarada posteriormente como una pandemia. Debido a la alta propagación del virus del COVID-19 por medio de droplets, la demanda de los equipos de protección personal (EPP) para el personal de salud ha sido notable, en especial el de los respiradores. Por ende, se hace importante conocer los métodos de descontaminación considerados para su aplicación en nuestro medio; teniendo en cuenta el uso adecuado de medidas de asepsia y antisepsia, garantizando a su vez la integridad del respirador (correas, puente nasal y material de espuma nasal) y contando con el proceso natural de degradación. Los métodos adecuados de desinfección en respiradores descritos son: el uso de hornos esterilizadores (calor seco), autoclave (vapor), radiación ultravioleta (UV) y vaporizadores caseros (olla arrocera con vaporizador). Estos métodos deben ser empleados acordes a las necesidades del personal de salud.
Descripción de factores de riesgo para mortalidad en adultos con enfermedad renal crónica en estadio 3 - 5
Authors: Alvis-Peña Diego , Calderón-Franco Carlos
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: describir las características demográficas y clínicas de los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) en estadio 3-5 y la asociación de variables con mortalidad. Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, con enfoque analítico; Realizado en Florencia Caquetá, en una IPS privada en el servicio de nefrología, se analizaron las variables sociodemográficas, clínicas, a través de análisis univariado y bivariado, aplicando prueba de asociación con mortalidad mediante chi cuadrado y regresión logística simple para calcular razones de prevalencia (PR). Resultados: se evaluaron a 213 pacientes, con un promedio de edad de 60,0 ±1,4 años; y un 48,3% de mujeres, con una mortalidad registrada de 29,5%. Se hallaron como factores asociados a mortalidad: LDL < 70 mg/dL (PR 0,45; IC95%: 0,24-0,84), y Albumina < 3,5 mg/dL (PR 12,65; IC95%: 5,85-27,3). Conclusión: la hipoalbuminemia y los niveles bajos de LDL se presentan como factores asociados a la mortalidad en pacientes con ERC en estado 3-5 de Florencia-Caquetá. En el caso de la hipoalbuminemia, ésta se presenta como un factor de riesgo, mientras que los valores de LDL menores a 70 mg/dL, son un factor protector.
Sobre la escasa transparencia en los documentos técnicos para el tratamiento de pacientes con COVID-19 en Perú
Authors: Taype-Rondan Alvaro , Herrera-Añazco Percy , Málaga Germán
Published: July 2020

El Ministerio de Salud peruano (MINSA) ha publicado resoluciones ministeriales (RM) con el objetivo de normar el tratamiento de personas afectadas por la COVID-19. Estas RM incluyen el uso de fármacos específicos para la COVID-19, como tocilizumab, corticoides, enoxaparina, hidroxicloroquina e ivermectina. Estos lineamientos no dejan claro qué proceso se siguió para tomar decisiones, cómo se justificó cada una de estas decisiones, ni quiénes son sus autores ni sus potenciales conflictos de interés. Resulta importante hacer un esfuerzo por transparentar estos datos, especialmente en un tema en el cual aún no se cuenta con mucha evidencia como es el caso de COVID-19. En el presente artículo presentamos controversias sobre el uso de fármacos específicos para la COVID-19 establecidos por el MINSA, así como recomendaciones sobre el proceso de toma de decisiones.
Latihan Lari Menggunakan Karet Terhadap Kecepatan Lari 100 m
Authors: Ohoiwutun Alexander
Published: July 2020

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh latihan lari dengan karet beban terhadap kecepatan lari 100-meter. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah One-Group Pretest-Posttes design, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 15. Hasil penelitian nilai sig hitung data pretest dan posttest adalah 0.000 artinya kecil daripada 0,05 maka, disimpulkan ada pengaruhnya latihan dengan berlari menggunakan karet beban terhadap kecepatan berlari jarak pendek 100-meter yaitu nilai t hitung sebesar -15. 965 sedangkan t tabel sebesar 1.761 dan perhitungan yang dilakukan nilai t hitung lebih kecil dari t tabel (-15.965 < 1.761).
Using Deep Learning to Predict Scholarship Scheme Based on Student Details
Authors:   Computer Science and Engineering, National Engineering College, Kovilpatti, Tamilnadu, India, Maheswari* Prof. Dr. S. , A Alsameema. ,   Computer Science and Engineering, National Engineering College, Kovilpatti, Tamilnadu, India, E Anupriya. ,   Computer Science and Engineering, National Engineering College, Kovilpatti, Tamilnadu, India, R. Elakhia. M. ,   Computer Science and Engineering, National Engineering College, Kovilpatti,Tamilnadu,Indi, Meera B. Jaya ,   Computer Science and Engineering, National Engineering College, Kovilpatti,Tamilnadu,India
Published: July 2020

The government launches various ambitious programs to make the country more prosperous, but they fail in successful implementation. The main reason behind this issue is the lack of awareness among rural people. This project is to provide a solution to this unaware situation. Through this system, rural students will get to know about what are the various schemes that are furnished by the government. Initially, this system will explore government schemes that are available for the welfare of rural students. Next, the student's datset ((i.e.) name, age, caste, occupation, annual income, etc.) are collected. Then both the datasets are imported into the Anaconda Navigator. Later analysis and classification are done based on communities (SC, ST, BC MBC, and DNC), Educational category (Pre-metric/Post-metric), Board of education (Government/Government-aided), Day scholar or hosteller, age of the students and the schemes are predicted.