bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Constructing cation defects through selective etching of tetrahedral sites in Co3O4 for an enhanced oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Wu Xiaotian , Zhu Qian , Cong Yingge , Geng Zhibin , Huang Keke , Han Mei , Shao Zhiyu
Published: December 2024

Tetrahedral vacancy defects were constructed via Zn-doping and subsequent alkaline immersion, thus significantly improving the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity and endowing the adsorption sites with a moderate d-band center.
Piezoelectric catalysis for antibacterial applications
Authors: Meng Fanqing , Guo Chenxi , Cui Tianchen , Xu Mingyang , Chen Xiaxia , Xu Hongwei , Liu Chao , Chen Shaowei
Published: December 2024

Piezoelectric materials can harness ambient mechanical energy to produce an electric field and initiate redox reactions, particularly, the production of reactive oxygen species that induce oxidative stress, damage cell membranes, and cause cell death.
π–π stacking assisted regioselectivity regulation in palladium-catalyzed cyclization reactions: a theoretical study
Authors: Liu Song , Zhang Dianmin , Gong Yue , Ma Lianli , Li Li , Chen Wei
Published: December 2024

Manipulating the structural differences in the reaction substrates leads to the formation of distinct products. Computational evidence that supported a π–π stacking assisted regioselectivity regulatory mechanism was presented.
Augmented triboelectric properties of graphene-filled poly(vinylidene difluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) nanofibers
Authors: Lee Chen-Hung , Huang Wei-Kang , Lin Meng-Fang , Kuo Yi-Hua , Liu Shih-Jung , Ito Hiroshi
Published: December 2024

We developed graphene filled nanofibrous PVDF-HFP TENGs, which achieved a peak voltage of 1024 V and a current density of 1.11 μA cm−2. The TENGs remained stable for over 20 000 test cycles, and powered an array of 1000 light-emitting diode bulbs.
Correction: Perylene-derivative singlet exciton fission in water solution
Authors: Magne Chloe , Streckaite Simona , Boto Roberto A. , Domínguez-Ojeda Eduardo , Gromova Marina , Echeverri Andrea , Brigiano Flavio Siro , Ha-Thi Minh-Huong , Franckevičius Marius , Jašinskas Vidmantas , Quaranta Annamaria , Pascal Andrew A. , Koepf Matthieu , Casanova David , Pino Thomas , Robert Bruno , Contreras-García Julia , Finkelstein-Shapiro Daniel , Gulbinas Vidmantas , Llansola-Portoles Manuel J.
Published: December 2024

Correction for ‘Perylene-derivative singlet exciton fission in water solution’ by Chloe Magne et al., Chem. Sci., 2024, 15, 17831–17842, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SC04732J.
Study of electrocatalytic CO2 reduction using tin-oxalate organometallic frameworks doped with cadmium
Authors: Bustos-Jimenez Adrián Farid , Manríquez-Ramírez María Elena , Tzompantzi-Morales Francisco Javier , Espinosa Flores Rodrigo Andrés , Trejo-Valdez Martin Daniel
Published: December 2024

The chronoamperometric technique was combined with ATR-FTIR spectroscopy to analyse the CO2-derived reduction products in real time.
Covalent organic framework spherical nanofibers bearing carbon quantum dots for boosting photocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Zang Jiyuan , Zhao Yuting , Yu Lei , Young David J. , Ren Zhi-Gang , Li Hong-Xi
Published: December 2024

Carbon quantum dot-functionalized covalent organic framework spherical nanofibers prepared through the modulation approach exhibit an excellent photocatalytic performance in hydrogen production.
Rare-earth doped upconversion-photopolymerization hydrogel hybrids for in vivo wound healing
Authors: An Ximei , Gao Ling , Guo Jingrui , Meng Fan , Lian Huiwang , Zhang Shaoan , Pathak Janak L. , Li Yang , Zhang Shizhen
Published: December 2024

We developed a hydrogel controlled by near-infrared light. The NIR light excites nanoparticles to produce upconversion luminescence and polymerizes gelatin monomers into the long-chain compound GelMa in the presence of the photoinitiator LAP.
Nanocomposite UF membrane of PVC/nano-silica modified with SDS for carwash wastewater treatment
Authors: Al-Sammarraie Eman S. A. , Sabirova T. M. , Meskher Hicham , Al-Juboori Raed A. , Zyryanov Grigory V. , Alsalhy Qusay F.
Published: December 2024

This study is the first attempt to explore the application of PVC-SDS-SiO2 for carwash wastewater treatment.
Insights into heme degradation and hydrogen peroxide-induced dimerization of human neuroglobin
Authors: Cassiani Alice , Furtmüller Paul G. , Borsari Marco , Battistuzzi Gianantonio , Hofbauer Stefan
Published: December 2024

In this present study, we investigated the H2O2-induced oligomerization of wild-type human neuroglobin (hNgb) and of some selected variants (C46AC55A, Y44A, Y44F, Y44AC46AC55A, Y44AC46AC55A) to clarify how the process is affected by the Cys46/Cys55 disulfide bond and the distal H-bonding network and to figure out the molecular determinants of the H2O2-induced formation of amyloid-type structures and hNgb aggregates. It turns out that hydrogen peroxide exerts a two-fold effect on hNgb, inducing both heme breakdown and protein dimerization/polymerization. The enhanced resistance to the oxidizing effect of H2O2 of the disulfide-free variants indicates that both effects are strictly influenced by the heme accessibility for H2O2. Most importantly, the H2O2-induced neuroglobin dimerization/polymerization turns out to be triggered by tyrosyl radicals resulting from the oxidizing action of Compound I ([Por•Fe(IV) = O]+). Peptide mapping indicates that the H2O2-induced dimerization/polymerization of hNgb mainly involves Tyr44, which forms covalent bonds with all the other tyrosine residues, with a minor contribution from Tyr88. The presented findings contribute further important pieces of information in the quest of identifying all capabilities of hNgb and ultimately its physiological task.
Modelling icing growth on overhead transmission lines: Current advances and future directions
Authors: Hou Hui , Wang Yan , Bai Xiaolu , Lv Jianshuang , Cui Rongjian , Zhang Lin , Li Shilong , Li Zhengmao
Published: December 2024

The increasing impact of climate change raises concerns regarding the vulnerability of overhead transmission lines to ice disasters. To address this issue, this study reviews icing growth modelling in two categories: physical‐driven models (PDMs) and data‐driven models (DDMs), covering current advances and future directions. First, PDMs are summarised, focusing on the thermodynamic and fluid mechanics mechanisms. Existing PDMs are compared based on principles, analysing their advantages, disadvantages, and challenges faced. Second, the summarisation of DDMs involves four aspects: data preparation, algorithm selection, model training, and model evaluation. In data preparation, techniques such as preprocessing methods are reviewed to handle multisource data. In algorithm selection, various modelling algorithms are compared and analysed, from basic to deep learning approaches. In model training, processes are summarised to enhance practical applicability, including data partitioning, hyperparameter adjustment, generalisation capability, and model interpretability. In model evaluation, the predictive capabilities are analysed, covering both regression and classification tasks. Subsequently, based on the analyses, a comparison of PDMs and DDMs across various aspects is presented. Finally, future directions in icing growth modelling are outlined. The aim is to enhance icing assessment by understanding the underlying mechanism in attempt to reduce vulnerability and ensure reliability against adverse weather conditions.
AMC‐YOLO: Improved YOLOv8‐based defect detection for cigarette packs
Authors: Dong Peng , Wang Yongsheng , Yu Qianyuan , Feng Weihua , Zong Guohao
Published: December 2024

Defect detection in cigarette packaging is a crucial process for ensuring product quality meets industry standards within the tobacco manufacturing sector. Defect detection methods based on deep learning have significantly enhanced efficiency. However, challenges remain in addressing issues such as blurred boundary textures of cigarette pack defects and the complex differentiability and similarity among defects. Consequently, this study presents the design of a defect detector for cigarette packs that is sensitive to detail features, named AMC‐YOLO. Initially, an Adaptive Spatial Weight Perception (ASWP) module is designed to emphasize local information from different regions during the downsampling process and integrate effective features. Additionally, a Multidimensional Aggregation Radiative Feature Pyramid Networks (MARFPN) is proposed to aggregate multi‐scale semantic information across dimensions and relay it back to various levels within the network to facilitate the learning of more refined feature. Lastly, a Cross‐Layer Collaborative Detection Head (CLCDH) is introduced to further weight and fuse the contextual information between local and global aspects. Experimental results demonstrate that AMC‐YOLO outperforms state‐of‐the‐art methods on the Cigarette Pack Defect and GC10‐DET datasets, exhibiting the highest detection precision and excellent generalization. These findings highlight the significant potential for the application of AMC‐YOLO in cigarette pack defect detection.
Personalized zero‐watermark algorithm based on non‐uniform weighted reconstruction and WGAN
Authors: Peng Yiran , Deng Chenheng , Li Jiaqi , U KinTak
Published: December 2024

The image protection of non‐fungible tokens based on zero‐watermark methods has received widespread attention. However, on the one hand, existing zero‐watermark methods are often limited to complex texture changes in the host image, and the features for constructing the zero‐watermark are vulnerable to geometric attacks. On the other hand, a single watermark image cannot adapt to the diverse usage scenarios of non‐fungible tokens. This paper proposes a robust personalized zero‐watermark scheme to address the challenges above. Firstly, the image regions suitable for constructing zero‐watermarks are highlighted by the non‐uniform weighted reconstruction, and the U‐Net is introduced for feature extraction against the geometric attacks. At the same time, the watermark images generated by generative models that are suitable for the usage scenario have achieved zero‐watermark addition and protection for non‐fungible token image content. The proposed method has been experimentally verified to have a certain degree of robustness in geometric and non‐geometric attacks.
Adaptive current protection for three‐phase short‐circuit faults in active distribution networks
Authors: Su Shi , Li Yuan , He Xuehao , Xie Qingyang , Chen Xiaolong , Zheng Zhiyan , Li Botong , Zhang Jing
Published: December 2024

To address the impact of distributed generation (DG) access on the traditional protection configuration methods of distribution networks (DNs) and to facilitate the swift and effective protection of lines by protection devices under fault conditions, an adaptive current protection method for three‐phase short‐circuit faults in active distribution networks (ADNs), based on local information, is proposed. Initially, the applicability issues of traditional protection are examined, and the limitations of the existing protection scheme in ADNs are highlighted. Subsequently, the fault characteristics of ADNs are analysed, taking into account the output characteristics of DGs under short‐circuit faults, which form the foundation for the proposed protection method. Following this, an adaptive current protection method based on local information is introduced, utilizing a dual criterion of phase and magnitude to adjust line protection, with a specific implementation strategy for the protection scheme provided. Finally, the proposed protection scheme is validated using PSCAD/EMTDC simulation software, with results demonstrating that the scheme enables rapid and efficient protection action under fault conditions across the entire line.
Defossilising Caribbean's energy system: Highlighting on e‐fuel imports, grid integration, and accelerated transition
Authors: Oyewo Ayobami S. , Kunkar Alejandro , Bogdanov Dmitrii , Breyer Christian
Published: December 2024

Transitioning to renewables is critical to address the Caribbean's vulnerability to imported fossil fuel price volatility and concerns about climate change. This study presents a first‐of‐its‐kind comprehensive analysis of 17 illustrative pathways varying the impact of e‐fuel imports, grid interconnections and an accelerated energy transition towards the Caribbean's carbon neutrality by 2050. The research method is based on techno‐economic principles for designing a cost‐optimal energy system. An optimisation tool is used, the LUT Energy System Transition Model, to analyse the various pathways. The study finds that high uptake of renewables in Caribbean energy systems significantly lowers costs and enhances reliability, crucial for building competitive and resilient economies. Renewable energy dominated pathways show 7–24% lower cumulative costs compared to alternatives, with grid integration reducing costs by 1–10%. Accelerated transition pathways incur 3–12% higher costs than complete defossilisation by 2050. Solar photovoltaics, wind power, batteries, and electrolysers are pivotal for achieving carbon neutrality by 2050. Importing e‐fuels reduces system costs by 7–16% and supports local resource use. Offshore renewable energy overcome land limitations, driving sustainable development and a vibrant blue economy. High electrification levels with renewable energy, sector coupling, and Power‐to‐X solutions enhance system efficiency and flexibility. Given the dominance of solar photovoltaics, the Caribbean's energy transition could be more appropriately called a ‘Solar‐to‐X Economy’. This research contributes to the international perspective on sustainable energy transition for islands.
New constraints on the central mass contents of Omega Centauri from combined stellar kinematics and pulsar timing
Authors: Bañares-Hernández Andrés , Calore Francesca , Martin Camalich Jorge , Read Justin I.
Published: December 2024

Aims. We performed a combined analysis of stellar kinematics with line-of-sight accelerations of millisecond pulsars (MSPs) to probe the mass content of Omega Centauri (ω Cen). Our mass model includes the stellar mass distribution, a more concentrated mass component linked to the observed MSP population, a generic cluster of stellar remnants (assumed to be more concentrated than the stars and MSPs), and an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH), allowing us to determine which of these is statistically preferred to account for these observations.

Methods. We mass-modeled ω Cen using the package GravSphere to solve the Jeans equations, including constraints in the form of proper motions, line-of-sight velocities, the surface density profile of the stars, the spatial distribution of MSPs, and the recently measured line-of-sight accelerations of a subset of these MSPs, self-consistently modeling their intrinsic spin-down. We explore the impact of different assumed centers of ω Cen on our results and we infer the posterior distributions of the model parameters from the combined likelihood using the nested sampling package dynesty.

Results. Our analysis favors an extended central mass of ~2−3 × 105 M⊙ over an IMBH, setting a 3σ upper limit on the IMBH mass of 6 × 103 M⊙. We find that pulsar timing observations are an important additional constraint, favoring a central mass distribution that is ~20% more massive and extended than implied by models that are constrained by the stellar kinematics alone. Finally, we find a 3σ confidence level (CL) upper bound of 6 × 104 M⊙ on the total mass traced by the MSPs, with the density profile following ρp(r) ∝ ρ⋆(r)γ/σ(r), with γ = 1.9 ± 0.3, where ρ⋆(r) is the stellar mass density and σ(r) is the stellar velocity dispersion profile. This favors models in which MSPs form via stellar encounters, as in the leading paradigm whereby MSPs are the progeny of low-mass X-ray binaries.

Conclusions. Our analysis demonstrates how combining stellar kinematics with MSP accelerations produces new constraints on mass models, shedding light on the presence or absence of IMBHs at the centers of globular clusters. Further, we provide the first validation of its kind where MSP positions are linked to their place of formation in globular clusters, which is in excellent agreement with the expectations of stellar encounter models of MSP formation. This sets a promising precedent amid the rapid growth in the number of observations and discoveries currently taking place in this field.
A computationally efficient semi-analytical model for the dust environment of comets and asteroids
Authors: Ershova A. , Schmidt J. , Liu X. , Szalay J. R. , Kimura H. , Hirai T. , Arai T. , Kobayashi M.
Published: December 2024

Aims. We present a model for the distribution of dust ejected by asteroids and comets. Our model incorporates the effects of solar gravity and radiation pressure. In specific cases it can also account for additional forces and the re-impacts of ejected dust onto the source body.

Methods. The number density of dust at a given point in space was computed as the sum of contributions from a set of point sources placed along a given trajectory, ejecting dust in a temporal sequence that approximates the motion of the source body. The dust ejection from each source was modeled using continuous distributions of the dynamical parameters the dust grains have at ejection. We developed three methods to solve for the dust number density from a single point source that differ in complexity and applicability.

Results. We applied the model to investigate the dust environment of the near-Earth asteroid Phaethon, and estimated the number of dust grains that will be observed by the dust detector on the flyby of the forthcoming DESTINY+ mission by JAXA. Additionally, as an illustrative example, we reconstructed an image of comet C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake) to demonstrate the details of working with the model. The implementation of our model, verified with a comparison to independent software, is freely available as a Fortran-95 package, DUDI-heliocentric.
Ultra-broad Schmidt modes for biphoton states generated by SPDC in the chirped QPM crystals
Authors: Wang Jinbao , Zheng Zhan , Wang Helin , Lin Qiang
Published: December 2024

In the realm of quantum optics, the manipulation and characterization of biphoton states hold significant importance for advancing quantum information processing and communication technologies. This study explores the Schmidt decomposition of ultra-broad biphoton states, revealing that most modes are fulfilled with the frequency response points, and certain modes exhibit exceptionally broad Schmidt spectra. These Schmidt modes in frequency domain are significantly reshaped and widened by a crystal at a moderate chirp-rate when pump bandwidth is about several Giga-Hertz.
Methoden zur Abschätzung der Insulinresistenz
Authors: Blüher Matthias
Published: December 2024

Insulinresistenz bezeichnet die reduzierte Empfindlichkeit von Organen und Geweben auf endogen produziertes oder exogen appliziertes Insulin. Insulinresistenz ist ein wesentlicher pathogenetischer Faktor für die Entstehung eines Typ-2-Diabetes. Darüber hinaus steht eine reduzierte Insulinsensitivität im Zusammenhang mit bauchbetonter Adipositas, Fettstoffwechselstörung, arterieller Hypertonie, Fettlebererkrankungen und wird als wesentlicher Mechanismus für die Ausprägung eines metabolischen Syndroms und in der Folge einem erhöhten Risiko für kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen angesehen.

Das klinische Bild der Insulinresistenz ist heterogen und reicht von schweren Wachstumsstörungen bei Mutationen des Insulinrezeptors über Lipodystrophie, hohem Insulinbedarf bei Insulin-therapierten Menschen mit Diabetes bis zu Adipositas. Insulinresistenz kann über verschiedene Methoden ermittelt werden. Die euglykämisch-hyperinsulinämische Clamp-Untersuchung misst Insulinresistenz am genauesten. Für die klinische Praxis stehen aber einfache Testverfahrung zur Abschätzung der Insulinempfindlichkeit wie die Bestimmung von Nüchtern-Insulin- und Insulin-Plasmakonzentration (Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulinresistenz, HOMA-IR) oder Glukose und Insulinspiegel im Verlauf eines oralen Glukosetoleranztests (z.B. Matsuda-, Stumvoll-, ISI0,120-Indices) zur Verfügung. Eine Verbesserung der Insulinsensitivität kann durch Ernährungs- und Bewegungstherapie, medikamentöse oder chirurgische Therapien erreicht werden.
Herausforderungen für Pflegefachpersonen in der pädiatrischen Notaufnahme
Authors: Agyemang Christian K.
Published: December 2024

Die klinische Notfallversorgung hat immer auch mit besonderen Patientengruppen zu tun. Eine dieser besonderen Patientengruppen sind die (noch) nicht Erwachsenen: kranke Kinder und Jugendliche. Im Vergleich zur klinischen Notfallversorgung von erwachsenen Notfallpatienten kommt es teilweise zu erheblich unterschiedlichen Herausforderungen bei der Notfallversorgung von pädiatrischen Patienten.
Die granulozytäre Anaplasmose des Pferdes: ein Fallbericht und die
epidemiologische Situation mit Fokus auf Deutschland
Authors: Axt Carla Wiebke , Springer Andrea , Besse Arno , Naucke Torsten J. , Müller Elisabeth , Strube Christina , Schäfer Ingo
Published: December 2024

Die equine granulozytäre Anaplasmose (EGA) ist eine zeckenübertragene
Infektionserkrankung und wird durch den Erreger Anaplasma (A.)
phagocytophilum ausgelöst. Als Vektoren gelten Zecken des sogenannten
Ixodes (I.) ricinus/I. persulcatus-Komplexes in
Zentral-, Nord-, West- und Osteuropa, in Deutschland überwiegend der Gemeine
Holzbock, I. ricinus. Die Frühjahrs- und Sommermonate, insbesondere April
bis Juli, stellen die Hochphase der Aktivität von I. ricinus in
Zentraleuropa dar. Aufgrund der Veränderung klimatischer Bedingungen besteht
mittlerweile ganzjährig das Risiko einer Zeckenexposition und damit auch einer
Infektion mit A. phagocytophilum. Der beschriebene klinische Fall
unterstreicht die saisonale Hochphase des Infektionsrisikos mit Vorstellung des
Pferdes im Juni. Die klinische Symptomatik ist mit Fieber häufig unspezifisch
und eine Thrombozytopenie ist der bedeutendste hämatologische Befund. Zur
Diagnosestellung einer Infektion bzw. eines Erregerkontaktes sind direkte und
indirekte Nachweisverfahren verfügbar. Eine positive PCR bestätigt wie im
dargestellten Fall eine akute Infektion, positive Antikörperspiegel sprechen für
einen Erregerkontakt in der (jüngeren) Vergangenheit. Einschlusskörperchen,
sogenannte Morulae, können schnell und kostengünstig in Ausstrichen aus dem
peripheren Blut nachgewiesen werden und finden sich bevorzugt in neutrophilen
Granulozyten, seltener in eosinophilen Granulozyten. Die Mikroskopie weist
jedoch eine geringere Sensitivität im Vergleich zur PCR-Diagnostik auf. Bei dem
beschriebenen Pferd gelang der Nachweis von Morulae im EDTA-Blut trotz positiver
PCR nicht. Intrazellulär wirksame Antibiotika wie z. B. Oxytetracyclin und/oder
Doxycyclin gelten als Therapie der Wahl und führen wie im beschriebenen Fall
meist zu einer schnellen klinischen Besserung an EGA erkrankter Pferde. Eine
Therapiekontrolle mittels PCR wird 5–8 Tage nach Abschluss der Behandlung
empfohlen, um eine Elimination des Erregers zu bestätigen. Ob bzw. wie lange
Antikörper gegen A. phagocytophilum möglicherweise protektiv gegenüber
einer erneuten Infektion sein könnten, ist bisher unbekannt. In der Humanmedizin
wird A. phagocytophilum in der nördlichen Hemisphäre als „emerging human
pathogen“ mit steigender klinischer Bedeutung eingestuft.
Oxidativer Stress und das vegetative Nervensystem – ein Teufelskreis chronischer Schmerzen
Authors: Carl Ludwig , Rieger Monika , Vollbracht Claudia
Published: December 2024

Oxidativer Stress ist entscheidend für Gewebeschäden und Schmerzentstehung. Auch bei Fibromyalgie wird ein Zusammenhang mit Schmerzen gesehen. Er stört zudem das vegetative Nervensystem, was zu chronischen Schmerzzuständen und deren Verstärkung beiträgt. Oxidativer Stress ist gleichbedeutend mit einem Mangel an Vitamin C, das als wichtiges körpereigenes Antioxidans frühzeitig verbraucht wird. Vitamin C neutralisiert physiologischerweise reaktive Sauerstoffspezies und reduziert damit Gewebeschäden. Zudem ist es enzymatischer Kofaktor bei der Bildung schmerzreduzierender Botenstoffe und fester Kollagenfasern. Muskuloskelettale Schmerzen sind deshalb Symptome eines Vitamin-C-Mangels. Aus therapeutischer Sicht ist es wichtig, einen Mangel frühzeitig zu erkennen und zu behandeln. Studien und klinische Fälle zeigen, dass eine hochdosierte intravenöse Gabe eine wichtige Behandlungsoption sein könnte.
Vitalität: Longevity als Chance für wirksame Beratung
Authors: Sperlich Franz
Published: December 2024

Beratung zum Thema Gesundheit ist der Kern einer individuellen Medizin. Neben Empfehlungen zu aktuellen Beschwerden ist die Beratung zur Prävention von Erkrankungen unser tägliches Tun. Leider sind Gespräche zur Lebensstilveränderung zeitaufwendig und treffen oft auf den Widerstand menschlicher Gewohnheiten. Der aktuelle mediale und gesellschaftliche „Longevity-Trend“ zusammen mit bedeutsamen wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen im Bereich der Alterungsforschung öffnen für diese Tätigkeit nun neue Türen – und das weitgehend mit Ansätzen, die die meisten von uns längst in ihrer Praxis etabliert haben. Dieser Artikel umreißt das Thema Vitalität und stellt das aus der Praxisarbeit entstandene „SMKS-Modell“ vor. Dieses dient der Einordnung unserer Möglichkeiten für Untersuchungen und Interventionen in ein übersichtliches Beratungs- und Behandlungskonzept, das die Eigeninitiative und Selbstwirksamkeit unserer Patientinnen und Patienten anspricht.
Die Qualität handchirurgischer OP-Aufklärungsgespräche – eine
prospektiv randomisierte Studie
Authors: Bauknecht Simon , Mentzel Martin , Karrasch Marina , Lebelt Michael , Moeller Richard-Tobias , Vergote Daniel
Published: December 2024

Hintergrund Das präoperative Aufklärungsgespräch ist ein integraler
Bestandteil der chirurgischen Behandlung. Vermutete Aufklärungsfehler sind immer
wieder Gegenstand von Arzthaftungsprozessen. Im Bemühen um eine umfängliche
Dokumentation des Aufklärungsgesprächs stehen kommerzielle Dokumentationsbögen
zur Verfügung, die aufgrund der Vollständigkeit ihrer Darstellung die in der
Regel selbst konzipierten Aufklärungsformulare zunehmend ersetzen. In dieser
Studie wird die Qualität des Aufklärungsgesprächs anhand des abrufbaren Wissens
der aufgeklärten Patienten untersucht. Dabei werden die Aufklärungsgespräche auf
dem Boden eines selbst entworfenen Bogens mit denen anhand eines kommerziellen
Formulars verglichen.

Material und Methode Eine monozentrische, prospektive, klinische,
randomisierte und kontrollierte Längsschnittstudie mit 261 Patienten erfolgte.
Die Studienteilnehmer wurden in zwei Gruppen randomisiert. Die
Aufklärungsgespräche der Gruppe A wurden auf einem selbst entworfenen Bogen
dokumentiert, die der Gruppe B auf einem kommerziellen Formular (Thieme
Compliance). Die Datenerhebung erfolgte in Interviews anhand eines
standardisierten Fragenbogens, den jeder Teilnehmer zweimal ausfüllte, das erste
Mal direkt im Anschluss an das ärztliche Aufklärungsgespräch, das zweite Mal
morgens am Tag der Operation. Das zeitliche Intervall zwischen Aufklärung und
Operation betrug im Mittel 19 Tage.

Ergebnisse In beiden Gruppen belaufen sich die Ergebnisse auf annähernd
dieselben Ergebnisse. Insgesamt fühlten sich 98% der Befragten nach dem
Aufklärungsgespräch gut bzw. sehr gut aufgeklärt, waren mit der Art der
Kommunikation und dem zeitlichen Rahmen zufrieden. Entsprechend waren 77% der
Befragten hinsichtlich der bevorstehenden Operation nicht bzw. nur leicht
nervös. 85% der Teilnehmer wussten ihre Diagnose und 80% die geplante Operation
korrekt anzugeben. Allerdings konnten 24% der Befragten aktiv keine der im
Gespräch erwähnten Komplikationen nennen. Präoperativ stieg der Prozentsatz auf
35%. 44% der Befragten waren im Anschluss an das Aufklärungsgespräch in der
Lage, ein bis zwei Komplikationen aufzuzählen, 27% drei bis vier und 5% der
Teilnehmer sogar fünf und mehr. Die Patienten der Gruppe A schnitten tendenziell
etwas besser ab.

Schlussfolgerung Auch mit unterschiedlichen Aufklärungsbögen können
ähnliche Ergebnisse erzielt werden. Unmittelbar präoperativ vor
handchirurgischen Eingriffen sind Patienten gut aufgeklärt. Eine hohe
Patientenzufriedenheit kann durch eine individuelle Gestaltung und Dokumentation
erreicht werden.
Augmented Reality in der Kopf-Hals-Chirurgie
Authors: Scherl Claudia , Ludwig Sonja , Hesser Jürgen , MonjiAzad Sara , Stallkamp Jan , Jungbauer Frederic , Enders Frederik , Weis Cleo-Aron , Rotter Nicole
Published: December 2024

Augmented Reality (AR) ist eine aufstrebende Technologie, die Operateure beim räumlichen Denken während klinischer Eingriffe unterstützt. Zu den faszinierendsten Anwendungen gehören Visualisierungen von anatomischen Strukturen, Schnittbildern oder Zugangswegen, die in Kombination mit der realen Umgebung direkt am Patienten angezeigt werden können. Das Ziel dieser narrativen Übersicht besteht darin, den Stand der Technik und die zukünftigen Richtungen der AR in der Kopf-Hals-Chirurgie zu skizzieren. Besonderes Augenmerk liegt dabei auf der Darlegung des Potenzials und der noch zu lösenden Schwierigkeiten dieser neuen Technik.
Phytoestrogens and Sirtuin Activation for Renal Protection: A Review of Potential Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Mandal Debojyoti , Akhtar Nahid , Shafi Sana , Gupta Jeena
Published: December 2024

Significant health and socio-economic challenges are posed by renal diseases, leading to millions of deaths annually. The costs associated with treating and caring for patients with renal diseases are considerable. Current therapies rely on synthetic drugs that often come with side effects. However, phytoestrogens, natural compounds, are emerging as promising renal protective agents. They offer a relatively safe, effective, and cost-efficient alternative to existing therapies. Phytoestrogens, being structurally similar to 17‐β‐estradiol, bind to estrogen receptors and produce both beneficial and, in some cases, harmful health effects. The activation of sirtuins has shown promise in mitigating fibrosis and inflammation in renal tissues. Specifically, SIRT1, which is a crucial regulator of metabolic activities, plays a role in protecting against nephrotoxicity, reducing albuminuria, safeguarding podocytes, and lowering reactive oxygen species in diabetic glomerular
injury. Numerous studies have highlighted the ability of phytoestrogens to activate sirtuins, strengthen antioxidant defense, and promote mitochondrial biogenesis, playing a vital role in renal protection during kidney injury. These findings support further investigation into the potential role of phytoestrogens in renal protection. This manuscript reviews the potential of phytoestrogens such as resveratrol, genistein, coumestrol, daidzein, and formononetin in regulating sirtuin activity, particularly SIRT1, and thereby providing renal protection. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for designing effective treatment strategies using naturally occurring phytochemicals against renal diseases.
Vegetatives Nervensystem, Stress und Psyche
Authors: Gündling Rebecca
Published: December 2024

Stress führt auf körperlicher Ebene zu verschiedensten Veränderungen. Letztlich ist Stress ein Ganzkörperphänomen, von dem die verschiedensten körperlichen und psychischen Prozesse beeinflusst werden. Auf psychischer Ebene führt Stress zu typischen Symptomen und Verhaltensänderungen. Auf körperlicher Ebene beeinflusst Stress vorwiegend das Hormonsystem, das vegetative Nervensystem und das Immunsystem. Über die Beeinflussung der verschiedenen Systeme führt Stress zu den unterschiedlichsten körperlichen und psychischen Symptomen. Oft wird der Zusammenhang zu Stress übersehen und es erfolgt gar keine oder nur eine symptomatische Behandlung. Der Beitrag geht auf die Entstehung von Stress ein und zeigt Wege, wie dem Körper die Beendigung der Stressreaktion gezeigt werden kann, damit Erholung möglich ist.
Successful Treatment of Aortic Coarctation in an Extremely Low Birth
Weight Infant with Balloon Angioplasty
Authors: Arici Galip , Kaya Özkan , Kavgacı Akif , Akduman Hasan , Örün Utku Arman
Published: December 2024

In our case report, we present a case of successful antegrade balloon angioplasty
performed via the femoral vein on a 980-gram neonate with severe coarctation of
the aorta. Upon reviewing the literature, we found no cases of balloon
angioplasty for coarctation performed via the femoral vein in infants with a
lower birth weight than in our case. Our aim is to underline that each patient
may require individual evaluation and management options.
Extracellular Vesicles and Micro-RNAs in Liver Disease
Authors: Washington Alexander M. , Kostallari Enis
Published: December 2024

Progression of liver disease is dependent on intercellular signaling, including those mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs). Within these EVs, microRNAs (miRNAs) are packaged to selectively silence gene expression in recipient cells for upregulating or downregulating a specific pathway. Injured hepatocytes secrete EV-associated miRNAs which can be taken up by liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, immune cells, hepatic stellate cells, and other cell types. In addition, these recipient cells will secrete their own EV-associated miRNAs to propagate a response throughout the tissue and the circulation. In this review, we comment on the implications of EV-miRNAs in the progression of alcohol-associated liver disease, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, viral and parasitic infections, liver fibrosis, and liver malignancies. We summarize how circulating miRNAs can be used as biomarkers and the potential of utilizing EVs and miRNAs as therapeutic methods to treat liver disease.
Tuberous Breast and Poland Syndrome: An Underestimated Association?
Authors: Forlini Valentina , Franchelli Simonetta , Romanini Maria Victoria
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study Both Poland syndrome (PS) and tuberous breast (TB) are anomalies affecting the breast, but they are considered mutually exclusive. Our aim was to determine the possible coexistence of PS and TB and to discuss TB management when associated with PS.

Methods Between 2010 and 2023, 51 female adolescent PS patients were studied at our center. Among these, we evaluated those who developed TB after puberty. PS diagnosis was made based on the hypoplasia or absence of pectoralis major muscle detected clinically and confirmed radiologically. Breast anomaly on PS side was classified with Thorax Breast and Nipple (TBN) classification: B1 corresponds to breast hypoplasia, B2 to breast aplasia. TB diagnosis was made with a clinical evaluation after puberty. TB cases were classified according to Grolleau classification.

Main Results Among 51 postpubertal PS females, we identified 23 (45%) who developed TB. In 3 cases (13%) TB was bilateral, in 20 (87%) contralateral to PS affected side. Age at time of the first surgical procedure was 16 years. Patients were treated with breast implants, fat grafting, rigotomy, local flaps, or a combination of these. TB treatment was performed simultaneously with PS breast reconstruction when feasible, or after it.

Conclusions TB incidence in our series was almost twice than in general population. This is the first study demonstrating and quantifying this association. TB deformity must be considered while defining PS surgical path in adolescents. Fat grafting is the first surgical option to treat both anomalies. A multidisciplinary approach is needed to minimize number of surgeries and maximize cosmetic results.
Hemostatic powder TC-325 as first-line treatment option for malignant gastrointestinal bleeding: a cost–utility analysis in the United Kingdom
Authors: Cooper Dawn M. , Norton Benjamin , Hawkes Neil D , Hebbar Srisha , Telese Andrea , Morris John , Haidry Rehan , Barkun Alan
Published: December 2024

Background Randomized controlled trials have shown that hemostatic powder (TC-325) results in greater immediate hemostasis and lower 30-day rebleeding rates than standard endoscopic therapy (SET) for management of malignant upper gastrointestinal bleeding (MUGIB). We explored whether TC-325 would be a cost-effective first-line option for patients with MUGIB compared with SET in the United Kingdom.

Methods A decision tree was developed for patients with MUGIB, assessing initial therapy with TC-325 or SET over a 30-day period. Patients with failed initial hemostasis or a rebleed within 30 days underwent further endoscopic treatment, escalation to either transcatheter arterial embolization or surgery, or radiotherapy. Overall 30-day mortality was applied. Costs, in GBP, were based on the United Kingdom National Health Services costs for 2023/2024. Results were reported as incremental differences in cost, quality-adjusted life years (QALY), and net monetary benefit. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses and scenario analyses were performed.

Results The cost of treating MUGIB patients with TC-325 was £245.88 lower than treatment with SET, with an incremental increase of 0.001 QALYs. TC-325 remained a cost-saving approach in sensitivity and scenario analyses. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis revealed that TC-325 was more effective and cost saving in 80.1% of simulations (range 67.5%–98.63%).

Conclusions Initial treatment of MUGIB with TC-325 compared with SET was more effective (higher primary hemostasis and lower 30-day rebleeding) and cost saving owing to the requirement for fewer interventions, readmissions, and length of stay. Additional studies are needed to address model uncertainties in the follow-up management of these complex patients.
Inverse Electron-Demand Diels–Alder Reaction of Pyrazines with 2,5-Norbornadiene as Acetylene Precursor
Authors: Khalymbadzha Igor A. , Krinochkin Alexey P. , Valieva Maria I. , Kudryashova Ekaterina A. , Potapova Svetlana S. , Potapova Anastasia P. , Fatykhov Ramil F. , Sharapov Ainur D. , Kopchuk Dmitry S. , Kovalev Igor S. , Petrova Victoria E. , Krivoshchapov Nikolai V. , Zyryanov Grigory V.
Published: December 2024

The reaction of pyrazines with 2,5-norbornadiene, an acetylene precursor, as a cascade of Diels–Alder reactions is reported yielding substituted pyridines. In contrast to the known examples of intermolecular Diels–Alder type reaction of pyrazines with acetylene, which usually leads to a mixture of products, in our case the formation of a single isomer was observed. The proposed approach allows the conversion of pyrazines with different types of substitution, except those containing methyl and amino donor groups, to pyridines. In addition, highly functionalized aminonicotic esters were obtained, which can be used for the synthesis of bioactive compounds. An unusual course of the Diels–Alder reaction was found in the case of tetrasubstituted pyrazines, which cleave organic nitriles instead of HCN. Quantum-chemical modeling of possible transition states showed that this Diels–Alder reaction proceeds via cycloaddition of 2,5-norbornadiene to pyrazine with sequential elimination of HCN and cyclopentadiene; the reaction pathway including initial formation of acetylene from norbornadiene and subsequent Diels–Alder reaction with the acetylene was rejected as kinetically unfavorable.
Visible-Light-Mediated Benzylic Oxidation Using Bromo(diphenyl) methane
Authors: Tse Ying-Lung Steve , Yeung Ying-Yeung , Lee Ka-Mei , Wong Hong-Chai Fabio , Wong Sze-Yung , Chan Yung-Yin
Published: December 2024

Benzylic C(sp3)–H oxidation is a useful process that can give aryl carbonyl compounds as valuable building blocks. Here, we report a study on the use of bromo(diphenyl)methane as a Br source for a phototriggered benzylic oxidation. The reaction conditions are mild and compatible with a variety of substrates. Mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction might involve a peroxyl radical intermediate formed by a reaction between a benzylic C radical and molecular oxygen.
Will the future policing of fraud be ‘a fundamental shift in our approach to tackling fraud’ or largely more of the same? Reviewing the 2023 UK fraud strategy through evidence on the ground
Authors: Doig Alan , Levi Michael , Luker Jodie
Published: December 2024

In 2023, the UK government issued a national Fraud Strategy in response to concerns
over increases in reported fraud and the low levels of law enforcement resource
available to investigate cases. The Strategy was announced as a fundamental shift in
how the government intended to respond to frauds and attempted frauds against
individuals. The article focusses on the evidence base that may be assumed to
underpin and shape any strategy by assessing and analysing the data what would
have been available at the time the Strategy was drafted.
The article argues that the Strategy has not taken any time to explore past
strategies and any lessons to be learned and nor did it appear to substantively
accessed, used, analysed and interpreted the available data, and nor used that data as
an evidence base to develop an approach will have to be strategic, prioritised and
innovative. The article concludes that, in strategic terms, the Strategy may be unlikely
to achieve its objectives.
The 1967 Russell Tribunal and transatlantic anti-war activism
Authors: Raming Sean
Published: December 2024

This study reconsiders the 1967 Russell Tribunal through the lens of U.S. media. Scholars who study the Tribunal are often left apologizing for its lack of impact on public discourse. But a close look at news coverage, primary Tribunal literature, and members’ correspondence reveals many ways that it affected debates about the war in the USA. These connections made the Tribunal a transatlantic component in the Vietnam era anti-war movement as much as an experiment in international law.
Microwave Hall measurements using a circularly polarized dielectric cavity
Authors: Roppongi M. , Arakawa T. , Yoshino Y. , Ishihara K. , Kinoshita Y. , Tokunaga M. , Matsuda Y. , Hashimoto K. , Shibauchi T.
Published: December 2024

We have developed a circularly polarized dielectric rutile (TiO2) cavity with a high quality-factor that can generate circularly polarized microwaves from two orthogonal linearly polarized microwaves with a phase difference of ±π/2 using a hybrid coupler. Using this cavity, we have established a new methodology to measure the microwave Hall conductivity of a small single crystal of metal in the skin-depth region. Based on the cavity perturbation technique, we have shown that all components of the surface impedance tensor can be extracted under the application of a magnetic field by comparing the right- and left-handed circularly polarized modes. To verify the validity of the developed method, we performed test measurements on tiny Bi single crystals at low temperatures. As a result, we have successfully obtained the surface impedance tensor components and confirmed that the characteristic field dependence of the ac Hall angle in the microwave region is consistent with the expectation from the dc transport measurements. These results demonstrate a significant improvement in sensitivity compared to previous methods. Thus, our developed technique allows for more accurate microwave Hall measurements, opening the way for new approaches to explore novel topological quantum phenomena, such as time-reversal symmetry breaking in superconductors.
Analyzing the effects of reflections on optical diagnostics in the main chamber and divertor of WEST (invited)
Authors: Johnson C. A. , Diaw A. , Unterberg E. A. , Fedorczak N. , Tamain P.
Published: December 2024

Understanding the erosion of plasma facing components in fusion devices is vital, particularly for long-pulse operations. This study presents the application of synthetic optical diagnosis on the all-W WEST tokamak. The analysis reveals reflections as significant contributors to measured emission, varying across main chamber limiters and divertor targets. Reflections at divertor locations can be up to 50% of measured emission while 95% at limiter locations. Oxygen is investigated as a proxy for low-Z species and underscores the importance of reflections in interpreting optical diagnostics, especially for validating plasma–material interactions and scrape-off layer impurity transport codes. As more fusion devices adopt full metal walls, the accurate assessment of reflections will become increasingly crucial for erosion analysis and plasma control.
Parametric optomechanics
Authors: Matsko Andrey , El Amili Abdelkrim , Maleki Lute
Published: December 2024

We investigate two-phonon parametric opto-mechanical generation in a solid state optical cavity pumped with two resonant counter-propagating coherent optical fields. We show that the optical frequencies of the fields must differ by more than the characteristic frequency of the stimulated Brillouin scattering in the material to support the parametric process. The optical harmonics associated with the subsequent optical scattering over the sound waves can be utilized for the excitation of low noise microwave signals.
Greening the Corn Belt: Low-carbon-intensity ammonia’s role in the future of sustainable corn production
Authors: Arzumanyan Mariam , Lin Ning , Wang Haoying
Published: December 2024

Ammonia production is a significant source of carbon emissions globally, particularly in the agricultural sector, where it is extensively used as a fertilizer. This research suggests a potential avenue to reduce the carbon footprint of corn production for biofuels in the US Corn Belt. Conventional methods of producing nitrogenous fertilizers derived from ammonia are responsible for the highest CO2 emissions in the life cycle of corn production. We estimate that the total CO2 emissions can be reduced from 3.09 kg CO2 to 2.07 kg CO2 per bushel of corn (33% reduction) when conventional ammonia is replaced with green ammonia. If conventional ammonia is replaced with blue ammonia with carbon capture and storage, the total CO2 emissions can be reduced from 3.09 kg CO2 to 2.27 kg CO2 per bushel of corn (26% reduction). Despite these environmental benefits, our economic analysis reveals that even with policy incentives such as the 45Q and 45V tax credits, low-carbon-intensity ammonia is not yet cost-competitive with conventional ammonia. Renewable (green) ammonia, for instance, remains significantly more expensive at $532 (2024 US Dollar) per metric ton with 45V incentives compared to conventional ammonia at $249 per metric ton. Blue ammonia, even with the 45Q credit, costs $289 per metric ton—still higher than conventional ammonia. However, when a tiered carbon tax of $85 per ton of CO2 is applied to conventional ammonia, raising its cost to $326 per metric ton, blue ammonia becomes cost-competitive, but green ammonia still lags behind. This highlights the need for carbon pricing policies to enable the shift toward lower-carbon ammonia production, as tax credits alone are insufficient to close the cost gap.
A preliminary assessment of a solid-state lithium-ion battery in radiation environment by Geant4 simulations
Authors: Lan Rongze , Wang Hongrui , Guo Qingpeng , Zhao Jie , Du Xingju , Sun Jiaqi , Dai Jiayu , Chen Kaiguo
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the impact of irradiation on solid-state lithium batteries, which is critical for their deployment in challenging environments such as space missions and nuclear facilities. By utilizing Geant4 simulations, we examine the effects of neutrons and gamma irradiation on battery materials, with a particular emphasis on the generation of hydrogen and helium isotopes, non-ionizing energy loss (NIEL), and potential radiation-induced leakage current. Our simulations indicate that the induced radioactivity is negligible at the ex-core site of the pressurized water reactor. Notably, neutron irradiation results in higher NIEL values than gamma rays, suggesting more significant displacement damage in battery materials. In particular, we observe a directional leakage current induced by gamma-ray irradiation, with the solid-state electrolyte LLZTO demonstrating the most pronounced response. This phenomenon could potentially lead to alterations at the electrode/electrolyte interface. These findings provide valuable insights into the design and optimization of solid-state lithium batteries in irradiated conditions.