bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Systematic Review of Effective Interventions to Promote Collaboration between Families and Social and Health Services
Authors: Halme Nina  , Perälä Marja-Leena  , Laaksonen Camilla  , Hammar Teija  , Toljamo Maisa
Published: February 2025

The increasing need for support and the fragmented nature of the service system challenge us to develop services for children and their families. Child and family services are provided by the public, private and third sectors, which according to research have little or no reciprocal co-operation. The review produced information on co-operation interventions used by service providers in the field of health care, social care and education. The current evidence base is too heterogeneous and sparse to draw conclusions on the overall effectiveness of interventions to co-operation. Further high quality studies examining the effectiveness of co-operation interventions are required.
Identification of Subject Areas in Nursing Informatics for the Nursing Manager Curriculum
Authors: Shoubuzawa Sachiko  , Yamanouchi Kazushi  , Takeda Toshiaki
Published: February 2025

To be able to adequately provide nursing informatics education to nursing managers working at Japanese hospitals, areas in which there is an urgent need for education in information-related ability were decided using the Delphi method based on a survey of nursing informatics experts. The experts participating in the survey were lecturers responsible for teaching information-related subjects in the nursing manager curriculum accredited by the Japanese Nursing Association. Among the 26 subjects that were selected, those related to informatics knowledge and skills exceeded those related to computer skills.
Standardized Nursing Documentation – Developing Together
Authors: Rajalahti Elina  , Saranto Kaija
Published: February 2025

The law of electronic patient' documentation came into operation in Finland in June 2007. The law obligates organizations of health care to connect with national information service system before 2011. According to definitions electronic patient record should be uniform and structured. Unified classification, terminology and core data elements will be used in the documentation of nursing care plan. This requires new knowledge and the movement towards to plan the education of nursing informatics. eNNi-project is focusing on the research and development of the transition of the education of documentation.
Workflows for Intelligent Monitoring using Proxy Services
Authors: Rüping Stefan  , Wegener Dennis  , Sfakianakis Stelios  , Sengstag Thierry
Published: February 2025

Grid technologies have proven to be very successful in the area of eScience, and in particular in healthcare applications. But while the applicability of workflow enacting tools for biomedical research has long since been proven, the practical adoption into regular clinical research has some additional challenges in grid context. In this paper, we investigate the case of data monitoring, and how to seamlessly implement the step between a one-time proof-of-concept workflow and high-performance on-line monitoring of data streams, as exemplified by the case of long-running clinical trials. We will present an approach based on proxy services that allows executing single-run workflows repeatedly with little overhead.
Grid computing for detailed hemodynamics-simulation-based planning of endovascular interventions
Authors: Beronov Kamen  , Dzhimova Olga  , Tolxdorff Thomas  , Vossberg Michal  , Krefting Dagmar
Published: February 2025

Detailed numerical simulations of blood flow in arteries with various malformations and its conjugate loads on the vessel walls have been a research topic for specialized medical and engineering communities over decades. The present state of computing resources and software allows access to these elaborate diagnostic and research tools to a broad user circle and even to integrate them into clinical workflows. To tap the full potential of hemodynamic simulations, a Grid-based “virtual vessel surgery” application has been developed and deployed as part of the image processing module of the MediGRID project of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Science (BMBF). The very resource-intensive parts of that application, including not only the numerical simulation itself, but also automated data pre- and post-processing and visualization are implemented and are made available through the MediGRID portal. Some highly interactive workflow steps of the application are left at the user site but automated – via a specially developed Web interface – to a degree allowing intuitive, fast interaction and seamless integration with the Grid components. Standard middleware provided by D-Grid is used throughout. The complete workflow is implemented into the grid and can in principle be carried out using no external software. It was applied to real vessel data with a stenosis and an aneurysm, respectively.
Modeling Helping Behavior in an Intelligent Tutor for Peer Tutoring
Authors: Walker Erin  , Rummel Nikol  , Koedinger Kenneth R.
Published: February 2025

Giving effective help is an important collaborative skill that leads to improved learning for both the help-giver and help-receiver. Adding intelligent tutoring to student interaction may be one effective way of assisting students in giving and receiving better help. However, such systems have proven difficult to implement, in part due to the challenges of modeling productive dialogue in a collaborative activity. We present a theoretical model of good helping behavior in a peer tutoring context, and validate the model using student tutoring data, linking optimal and buggy behaviors to learning outcomes. We discuss the implications of the model with respect to providing intelligent tutoring for peer tutoring.
Generating Instruction Automatically for the Reading Strategy of Self-Questioning
Authors: Mostow Jack  , Chen Wei
Published: February 2025

Self-questioning is an important reading comprehension strategy, so it would be useful for an intelligent tutor to help students apply it to any given text. Our goal is to help children generate questions that make them think about the text in ways that improve their comprehension and retention. However, teaching and scaffolding self-questioning involve analyzing both the text and the students' responses. This requirement poses a tricky challenge to generating such instruction automatically, especially for children too young to respond by typing. This paper describes how to generate self-questioning instruction for an automated reading tutor. Following expert pedagogy, we decompose strategy instruction into describing, modeling, scaffolding, and prompting the strategy. We present a working example to illustrate how we generate each of these four phases of instruction for a given text. We identify some relevant criteria and use them to evaluate the generated instruction on a corpus of 513 children's stories.
Performance Factors Analysis – A New Alternative to Knowledge Tracing
Authors: Pavlik Philip I.  , Cen Hao  , Koedinger Kenneth R.
Published: February 2025

Knowledge tracing (KT)[1] has been used in various forms for adaptive computerized instruction for more than 40 years. However, despite its long history of application, it is difficult to use in domain model search procedures, has not been used to capture learning where multiple skills are needed to perform a single action, and has not been used to compute latencies of actions. On the other hand, existing models used for educational data mining (e.g. Learning Factors Analysis (LFA)[2]) and model search do not tend to allow the creation of a “model overlay” that traces predictions for individual students with individual skills so as to allow the adaptive instruction to automatically remediate performance. Because these limitations make the transition from model search to model application in adaptive instruction more difficult, this paper describes our work to modify an existing data mining model so that it can also be used to select practice adaptively. We compare this new adaptive data mining model (PFA, Performance Factors Analysis) with two versions of LFA and then compare PFA with standard KT.
Antecedent-Consequent Relationships and Cyclical Patterns between Affective States and Problem Solving Outcomes
Authors: D'Mello Sidney  , Person Natalie  , Lehman Blair
Published: February 2025

We explored the complex interplay between students' affective states and problem solving outcomes. We conducted a study where 41 students solved 28 analytical reasoning problems from the Law School Admission Test. Participants viewed videos of their interaction history and judged their emotions at theoretically relevant points in the problem solving session (after new problem is displayed, in the midst of problem solving, after feedback is received). We explore excitatory and inhibitory relationships between the affective states and problem solving outcomes (i.e. success or failure, and associated positive or negative feedback). We isolate affective states that are consequences of outcomes and associated feedback as well as affective states that are antecedents of positive or negative outcomes. Follow-up analyses focused on cyclical patterns that incorporate complex relationships between the affective states and problem solving outcomes. Implications of our results for affect-sensitive artificial learning environments are discussed.
Assessing Argument Diagrams in an Ill-defined Domain
Authors: Pinkwart Niels  , Lynch Collin  , Ashley Kevin  , Aleven Vincent
Published: February 2025

This paper describes a study in which student-created diagrams about arguments in an ill-defined domain were manually graded by two independent human graders. Findings include that the graders overall agreed with each other on their grades, but their agreement was lower than one would expect in well-defined domains, and higher for solutions of extreme quality.
Who Helps When the Tutor Is Asleep?
Authors: Brown Quincy  , Salvucci Dario D.  , Lee Frank  , Aleven Vincent
Published: February 2025

While many computer tutoring systems have long been delivered as desktop applications, these systems have only recently begun to appear on mobile devices. In this work we apply principles of mobile human computer interaction and mobile learning to the design and development of an intelligent tutoring system delivered on a personal digital assistant. We developed a proof-of-concept mobile tutor for business math and tested it in a course designed for first-year college students. Our experiences with the tutor suggest that a tutor based on principles of both mobile learning and mobile human computer interaction can provide a mobile tutoring system capable of providing support to students consistent with mobile device usage patterns.
Tough Love: The Influence of an Agent's Negative Affect on Students' Learning
Authors: Sullins Jeremiah  , Craig Scotty D.  , Graesser Arthur C.
Published: February 2025

In this paper we explored the relationship between learning gains and affective displays of an animated pedagogical agent. Students read information on the topic of computer literacy while receiving either positive or negative affective responses from an on-screen animated agent. Analyses revealed that only students with low prior knowledge were influenced by the emotion displayed by the animated agent. We discuss the generalizability of our findings to other domains and the implications of these results on intelligent tutoring systems that are emotionally intelligent.
Learning to Identify Students' Off-Task Behavior in Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Authors: Cetintas Suleyman  , Si Luo  , Xin Yan Ping  , Hord Casey  , Zhang Dake
Published: February 2025

The paper proposes a machine learning model that can automatically identify off-task behaviors of students while using an intelligent tutoring system. Only log files that record students' actions with the system are used for the development of the model. The model utilizes a set of time features, performance features and mouse movement features and is compared to i) a model that only utilizes time features, ii) a model that uses time and performance features. In order to address data sparseness problem, a robust Ridge Regression algorithm is designed to estimate model parameters. An extensive set of experiment results demonstrate the power of using multiple types of evidence as well as the robust Ridge Regression algorithm.
Integrating Conceptual and Procedural Knowledge for Middle-school Math
Authors: Santos Gustavo  , Howley Iris  , Copenhaver Brad  , Aleven Vincent
Published: February 2025

Cognitive Tutors have been shown to lead to impressive improvement in student learning in a range of domains, including middle school mathematics. Most Cognitive Tutors focus on providing learning support for tasks involving problem solving. They typically emphasize facilitating the acquisition of procedural knowledge, on the assumption that the acquisition of conceptual knowledge will be supported outside the tutor through classroom activities or an accompanying textbook. Many researchers agree that expertise in a domain involves not just procedural knowledge, but also conceptual knowledge, as well as tight interconnections between the two. In order to provide two types of knowledge instruction within the same Intelligent Tutoring System, we are now building a novel type of Cognitive Tutor to bridge the existing gap between teaching conceptual and procedural instruction with the same educational software.
Affective Artificial Intelligence in Education: From Detection to Adaptation
Authors: Blanchard Emmanuel G.  , Volfson Boris  , Hong Yuan-Jin  , Lajoie Susanne P.
Published: February 2025

This paper reviews and integrates research that would be necessary to develop an AIED system able to detect and then appropriately react to an affective state of a learner. It addresses the nature of affect, methods to automatically detect affect, as well as the interplay between affect and learning-related cognition, and affective strategies that promote quality learning.
Real-time drilling process monitoring for soil nailing works for slope upgrading works
Authors: Ho N.L.  , Yau K.M.  , Wright M.J.  , Wong K.L.
Published: February 2025

Soil nailing is a commonly adopted technique for upgrading substandard slopes in Hong Kong. The Landslip Preventive Measures (LPM) Programme was first introduced by the Hong Kong Government in 1977 and the design and construction practices of slope upgrading works are continuously being improved by use of new technology and research. One of the innovative technologies, called Drilling Process Monitoring (DPM), has been developed by the Department of Civil Engineering of the University of Hong Kong (HKU) to monitor and record the drilling process of soil nailing works (Yue et al, 2004). Several sensors for recording position of drill chuck, pressure for percussion, thrust and rotation movement, are mounted onto a pneumatic rotary percussive down-the-hole drilling machine and its control panel. A set of data representing the whole drilling process is recorded automatically and continuously. The real-time DPM raw data together with the calculated penetration rate are presented graphically on a designated website.
Laboratory evaluation of new B&C Light Falling Weight Deflectometer
Authors: Tompai Z.
Published: February 2025

A new Light Falling Weight Deflectometer of 163 mm plate diameter has been developed in Hungary by Andreas Ltd. Along with measuring the dynamic load bearing capacity of engineering fills and subgrade layers, the B&C device is capable of measuring the compaction of the tested layer on the same spot.
Behaviour of coated and uncoated lightly loaded piles in swelling soils
Authors: Hazzan B.Sh.
Published: February 2025

In the last four decades significant effort has been devoted to designing piles in swelling soils. For this purpose, an investigation site was established in Be'ne in Western Galilee- Northern Israel. On this site twenty five unloaded cast-in-situ piles, both uncoated and coated, were installed in a moderately expansive clay soil in the end of summer 1996. The piles were executed to different depths ranging between 2.0m and 7.0m and were observed over a period of 27 months. Results obtained from observations and from fullscale static pull out tests showed that separating the piles from the surrounding clay in the active zone by a twin walled plastic sleeve eliminated the heave forces significantly.
Characterístics of phosphogypsum for utilisation in roadwork fills
Authors: Dapena Enrique  , Pardo de Santayana Fernando  , Díaz Flores Esther
Published: February 2025

Phosphorus oxide for use as fertilizer is produced by using sulphuric acid to attack natural phosphates and this generates a byproduct essentially composed of hydrated calcium sulphate and known as phosphogypsum. The solubility of calcium sulphate, even in the natural rocks and soils containing gypsum, limits the utilisation of this material in slopes for linear works to a maximum calcium sulphate content of 20%. Other elements also appear in phosphogypsum that, in the event of solubilising, could contaminate the water in the surrounding area. In spite of all this, experience does exist with the use of phosphogypsum in experimental slopes designed to ascertain the possibility of storing this product in more areas capable of guaranteeing that the surroundings are not contaminated. This article reports on the characteristics of the Huelva phosphogypsum in terms of both composition and mechanical properties and the measures to be taken for its possible utilisation in roadwork fills.
Cameroon lava flow configurations and their use as building materials in civil engineering
Authors: Kenmogne E.  , Martin J.R.
Published: February 2025

Soils of the South West region of Cameroon are partly made up of volcanic basalts from lava flows. The flows are successive and alternate thus forming deposits that are difficult to sample. This article presents results obtained from several wireline core drilling campaigns at 20 to 30 m depths on the right flank of the flow. There is a superposition of volcanic ash layers in-between consolidated basalt deposits. Rock materials of average shear strength of 50 Mpa and densities between 2.8 and 3.1 are presently used as ripraps for the 680 m breakwater in the “Limbe Shipyard Project” more to it, the Los Angeles values obtained show that they are suitable materials for road sub-base course.
Dynamic loads for high-strain dynamic pile testing
Authors: Svinkin M.R.  , Woods R.D.
Published: February 2025

The main purpose of high strain dynamic pile testing is the determination of the pile capacity at the time of testing. It is important to know the magnitude of the applied dynamic load in high-strain testing. Nevertheless, there are no widely accepted requirements for producing or measuring the load except that the pile capacity must be fully mobilized during dynamic testing. A simplified procedure to calculate short-duration impact loads is suggested that takes into consideration pile capacity and parameters when performing high-strain dynamic pile tests. Comments are also included regarding the current CAPWAP, TNOWAVE, and SIMBAT methods for determination of pile capacity by high-strain dynamic pile testing.
Seismic stability of tailings dam by using pseudo-dynamic method
Authors: Choudhury Deepankar  , Nimbalkar Sanjay
Published: February 2025

Seismic stability of tailings dams and embankments is an important topic which needs the special assessments by the researchers as it is mainly governed by the safety concerns. Several researchers in the past had attempted to investigate the seismic stability of earthen dams and embankments by using conventional pseudo-static method of analysis. However, the crude estimate of finding the approximate seismic acceleration makes the pseudo-static approach too conservative to adopt in the stability assessment. Although a few researchers in the recent past highlighted the limitations and drawbacks of the pseudo-static approach, there are very limited studies being reported worldwide for the seismic stability assessment of earthen dams and embankments by using alternative methods of analysis. In this paper, a recently developed and modified pseudo-dynamic method of analysis is used to compute the seismic inertia forces acting on the sliding wedge of the tailings dam by considering the effects of time of seismic accelerations, phase differences in the propagating shear and primary waves in the soil during an earthquake, frequency of earthquake excitation etc. with the horizontal and vertical seismic accelerations. The factor of safety decreases with increase in the seismic accelerations and phase difference in body waves. Influence of various parameters such as seismic acceleration coefficients, period of lateral shaking on seismic stability of tailings dam are studied under harmonic seismic loading conditions for both empty and full water cases. Present results are compared with the pseudo-static based solutions to validate the findings of the pseudo-dynamic method of analysis.
Pont de Radès La Goulette (Tunisie) : consolidation des remblais d'accès
Authors: Zaghouani K.  , Chouikha A.  , Guilloux A.  , Schlosser F.  , Berthelot P.
Published: February 2025

Le raccordement entre le nouveau Pont suspendu de Radès et les infrastructures routières a nécessité la réalisation d'un échangeur complexe en bordure du Lac de Tunis, incluant quatre rampes d'accès aux différents ouvrages et atteignant des cotes de +8 m. NGT
Designing for the effects of tunnelling on buried pipelines
Authors: Vorster T.E.B.
Published: February 2025

Tunnelling and trenchless technologies can cause additional loading to existing pipelines. This paper highlights key findings of research conducted at the University of Cambridge regarding Greenfield ground movement response and estimating pipeline response in design. Four general load cases and a general procedure for pipeline design is provided, showing the implementation of key observations made during centrifuge testing, numerical modelling and field testing.
Model tests and numerical analysis on the evaluation of long-term stability of existing tunnel
Authors: Sekine Y.  , Zhang F.  , Tasaka Y.  , Kurose H.  , Ohmori T.
Published: February 2025

Two types of tunnel model tests, failure test and constant load creep test, were executed on a manmade soft rock model ground made of a mixture of gypsum and diatom whose mechanical behaviors are very similar to soft sedimentary rock. Meanwhile, finite element analyses based on an elasto-viscoplastic model, which can properly consider the influence of the intermediate principal stress, are conducted to simulate the model tests. The simulated results indicate that the finite element analysis based on a suitable constitutive law can appropriately describe the long-term deformation behavior of tunnels in soft rock.
Monitoring of mining-induced seismicity at Grassy Trail Reservoir
Authors: Johnson S.R.  , Hansen M.N.  , Price B.E.
Published: February 2025

Mining-induced seismicity was monitored at Grassy Trail Reservoir in eastern Utah. Coal mining activity at increasing proximity required evaluation and monitoring of potential impacts to the reservoir and earthfill embankment dam. Attenuation relationships for small-magnitude near-source events were used to predict the ground motions at Grassy Trail. Geotechnical instrumentation was installed and monitored on the dam and reservoir rim to allow assessment of impacts as mining drew near. The number of seismic events detected at the reservoir was related to the distance to the area being actively mined, and the intensity of ground shaking at the reservoir appeared to be a function of both distance and event magnitude. A comparison of predicted and recorded ground motions is presented herein, along with a general discussion of the dam's overall performance.
Bearing capacity of a mine waste dump more than 100 m thick
Authors: Cañizal J.  , Sagaseta C.  , Da Costa A.
Published: February 2025

A new industrial park is being developed on an area previously used as a mine dump associated to the Reocín mine in Cantabria, Spain, which has been recently closed. Total area is about 450000 m2. The fill is up to 140 m thick, and was placed during the last 25 years, only compacted by circulation of construction equipment and self-weight.
Modeling of the effect of embankment dimensions on the mechanical behavior of railway track
Authors: Kolisoja P.  , Kalliainen A.
Published: February 2025

Gradual accumulation of permanent deformations in railway track embankments caused by repeated train axle loads is an important problem in the Northern areas, where the track embankments must be built very thick because of design against harmful effects of seasonal frost. Based on long-term measurements performed at a test site located in Western Finland, both embankment width and slope angle are shown to have a marked effect on the accumulation rate of permanent deformations. The observed differences can be given a credible explanation when the results of 2D Finite Element Modelling are interpreted based on the mobilized level of shear strain in embankment sections with different width and slope angle.
Upscaling of bio-mediated soil improvement
Authors: DeJong J.T.  , Martinez B.C.  , Mortensen B.M.  , Nelson D.C.  , Waller J.T.  , Weil M.H.  , Ginn T.R.  , Weathers T.  , Barkouki T.  , Fujita Y.  , Redden G.  , Hunt C.  , Major D.  , Tanyu B.
Published: February 2025

As demand for soil improvement continues to increase, new, sustainable, and innocuous methods are needed to alter the mechanical properties of soils. Recent research has demonstrated the potential of bio-mediated soil improvement for geotechnical applications (DeJong et al. 2006, Whiffin et al. 2007). Upscaling the bio-mediated treatment process for in situ implementation presents a number of challenges to be addressed, including soil and pore fluid interactions, bioaugmentation versus biostimulation of microbial communities, controlled distribution of mediated calcite precipitation, and permanence of the cementation. Current studies are utilizing large-scale laboratory experiments, non-destructive geophysical measurements, and modeling, to develop an optimized and predictable bio-mediated treatment method.
Foundation of an immersed tunnel on marine clay improved by cement deep mixing and sand compaction piles
Authors: Kasper T.  , Rotwitt C.  , Jackson P.G.  , Massarsch K.R.
Published: February 2025

A 3.2 km long immersed road tunnel forms part of the Busan-Geoje Fixed Link in South Korea, which connects Koreas second largest city Busan with the island of Geoje. To ensure the water tightness of the joints of the segmental tunnel structure and to limit the forces in the shear keys, the differential settlements have to be limited. This is achieved by extensive soil improvement of the marine clay below the tunnel with cement deep mixing (CDM) and sand compaction piles (SCP). This paper is concerned with the characteristics of the marine clay, the basic design principles, layout and constructional issues of the soil improvement as well as the numerical settlement and stability analyses.
Ground movements during tunnel construction by EPB method along the southern extension of Athens Metro Line 2, Greece
Authors: Papageorgiou Elena  , Boussoulas Nikolaos  , Karaoulanis Fotios  , Tsotsos Stefanos
Published: February 2025

This work is based on a significant number of field records, monitoring data of ground movements and data from the EPB machine used for the excavation of the southern extension of Athens Metro Line 2. Several issues concerning shield tunnelling operation are addressed, while the interaction between ground response and influencing factors during shield advancement is studied, with promising conclusions for the continuance of the present work.
General Report for Session 4C – Natural hazard mitigation
Authors: Nadim F.
Published: February 2025

The human impacts of natural hazards and their economic consequences have had an increasing trend in recent decades. The post-disaster effects can be especially severe in a vast, densely-populated area. Many of the world's fastest growing cities are located on coastal land or rivers where climate variability and extreme weather events pose increasing risks of disaster. Geotechnical engineers play a major role in designing and implementing risk mitigation measures against landslides, floods, earthquakes and other natural hazards. Thirteen papers were submitted to Session 4C of the 17th ICSMGE: Natural Hazard Mitigation. The papers are grouped into 4 different categories: risk assessment, early warning systems, active countermeasures (including slope stabilisation), and landslides and slopes. This General Report provides an overview and summary of the thirteen papers in Session 4C.
Technical Session 2-B: Slopes and Embankments
Authors: Alonso Eduardo E.
Published: February 2025

Sixty one papers presented to the Session are discussed in the Report. They have been classified in the following general topics: Analysis, design and stabilization procedures, rainfall and drainage, seismic analysis, embankment materials and foundation soils, and other topics. The Report highlights a few relevant aspects: the generalization of finite element methods in analysis, design and evaluation of performance, the popularity of (c, &phgr;) reduction methods to estimate Safety Factors and the increasing use of three-dimensional models. Despite these trends analytical and semi-analytical methods are still developed and useful in practice in a wide variety of topics. It is stressed that the determination of material parameters remains as the fundamental issue in most of the work reviewed. Specialized topics with their own methodology are also required in practice. Current advances in unsaturated soil mechanics provide also a new insight into classical problems such as slope stability and rainfall or the design and construction of dams and embankments
Érosion des sols: deux essais complémentaires
Authors: Pham T.L.  , Duc M.  , Chevalier C.  , Reiffsteck P.  , Guédon S.
Published: February 2025

Les catastrophes récentes survenues en France (Aude, Novembre 1999; Gard, Septembre 2002) montrent la grande vulnérabilité des remblais et digues face à l'érosion interne et à la surverse. La susceptibilité de ces ouvrages en terre à l'érosion hydrique est extrêmement dépendante de la texture du sol (en particulier, la présence de particules fines argileuses) et de la sensibilité à la dispersion et est donc très difficile à prévoir.
The Point Load Test in the Persian Gulf Carbonate Rocks
Authors: Elkateb Tamer
Published: February 2025

The Point Load test is an index test used to provide an economical and quick estimate of the Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) especially for highly fractured rock cores that with geometry not suitable for UCS testing. This is usually done using an empirical conversion factor (K) between the Point Load Index of 50-mm diameter rock cores (Is50) and the UCS. A value of the K factor equal to 24 has been traditionally used in the rock mechanics literature based on the work of Broch and Franklin (1972). Several studies have disputed the applicability of this universal value, especially for weak rocks, and hence developed alternative values for the K factor. An attempt was made in this study to evaluate the applicability of the existing Is50-UCS correlations to carbonate rocks in the Persian Gulf area. This was based on extensive data sets collected from various locations in several countries in that area. The values of K factor were determined using linear regression analyses and were generally in the ranges of 5.4 to 8.6, which is considerably smaller than the universal value of 24. Statistical/probabilistic techniques were used to quantify the uncertainty in the K values and to develop risk based correlations for these rocks. Conglomerate showed the greatest uncertainty in the K value while sandstone and siltstone showed the least uncertainty. Risk-based values of K associated with 2% probability of unsatisfactory performance were found to range from 3.1 to 6.5.
Numerical implementation of elasto-viscoplastic model in bituminous mixtures microstructure
Authors: Dessouky S.  , Papagiannakis A.T.  , Masad E.
Published: February 2025

Bituminous Mixture (BM) is a granular composite material stabilized by the presence of bitumen. In continuum modeling for BM, the macroscopic response has been lacking the ability to explicitly account for the effect of the microstructure. In this study, an elasto-viscoplastic continuum model is developed to predict BM response and performance in service loading. The model incorporates a Drucker-Prager yield surface that is modified to capture the influence of the directional distribution of aggregates and damage density. The model is converted into a numerical formulation and is implemented in finite element (FE). A fully implicit algorithm in time-step control is used to enhance the efficiency in the FE analysis. The FE model is used in this study to simulate permanent deformation for isotropic and anisotropic structures.
Sensitivity in volcaniclastic silts in North Island, New Zealand
Authors: Arthurs James M.  , Wilson Colin J.N.  , Prebble Warwick M.  , St. George John D.
Published: February 2025

New Zealand soils of volcanic and volcaniclastic origin are often sensitive to remoulding, having a high ratio of peak to remoulded strength. This study has focused on silty, air-fall deposits related to the eruption of the Kidnappers ignimbrite. A field shear vane was used to measure shear strength at field exposures. Samples were taken to complete more detailed testing in a laboratory environment including Atterberg limits, drained and undrained triaxial strength, and ring shear testing. Samples were also collected for X-Ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy to study the mineralogy and microstructure of the soils. Comparisons are drawn between New Zealand sensitive soils and those from Canada and Norway.
Evaluation of the 5% double amplitude strain criterion
Authors: El Mohtar C.S.
Published: February 2025

Cyclic triaxial tests have been widely used to determine the liquefaction susceptibility of soils in the laboratory. Tests have been mostly performed on clean sand and silty/clayey sand where the specimens are reconstituted in the lab. Two major criteria have been used to define liquefaction: 1) loss of effective confining pressure due to excess pore pressure build up (usually referred to as initial liquefaction) and 2) 5% double amplitude strain (±2.5% axial strain) with the later being the more popular choice in recent years. This paper compiles results from the literature and research by the author to address the applicability of using the 5% double amplitude strain criterion for liquefaction with the recent growth in testing non-traditional geo-materials.
Isothermal response of geosynthetics to a multi stage loading
Authors: Khan A.J.  , Siddiquee M.S.A.  , Noor M.A.  , Mahaseth B.
Published: February 2025

A study has been undertaken to show the inadequacy in the existing design methods after observing the satisfactory performance of geosynthetic reinforced soil structures (GRSSs) originally designed for carrying less load than what they experienced during the 1994 Northridge, California and 1995 Kobe earthquakes. In order to facilitate a general approach towards understanding the behaviour of geosynthetics under different loading regimes, i.e. under single stage loading and multi stage loading, the ‘strain envelop’ concept has been developed and presented. On this basis, an approach for design of GRSSs under sustained plus short term loading regime is also suggested.
Effets d'échelle dans la résistance au cisaillement des remblais granulaires et dans la stabilité de grands ouvrages en enrochements
Authors: Frossard E.
Published: February 2025

L'article met en évidence un effet d'échelle matériel dans la résistance au cisaillement des matériaux granulaires fonction de la dimension des granulats, dû aux lois physiques de la Mécanique de la Rupture Fragile régissant la rupture des granulats. On en explicite ensuite l'incidence sur la stabilité statique de talus d'enrochements, aboutissant à des règles de dimensionnement.
V
Authors: Totani G.  , Monaco P.  , Marchetti S.  , Marchetti D.
Published: February 2025

This paper illustrates the procedure for obtaining measurements of the shear wave velocity VSby seismic dilatometer (SDMT) in backfilled boreholes in non-penetrable soils. The possibility of such measurement descends from the fact that the path of the shear wave from the surface to the upper and lower receiver includes a short path in the backfill of very similar length for both receivers. The SDMT equipment/test procedure and the borehole backfilling technique are briefly described. The validation of the method by comparison of parallel profiles of VSobtained in the “virgin” soil and in a backfilled borehole is presented. VSprofiles obtained by SDMT in backfilled boreholes at two test sites in central Italy, Sulmona (coarse gravel) and L'Aquila (calcareous breccia), are compared to VSprofiles obtained by the traditional Down-Hole technique and related to the stratigraphic profiles of the subsoil.
Detection of Adverse Drug Events Detection: Data Agregation and Data Mining
Authors: Chazard Emmanuel  , Ficheur Grégoire  , Merlin Béatrice  , Genin Michael  , Preda Cristian  , Beuscart Régis
Published: February 2025

Adverse drug events (ADEs) are a public health issue. The objective of this work is to data-mine electronic health records in order to automatically identify ADEs and generate alert rules to prevent those ADEs. The first step of data-mining is to transform native and complex data into a set of binary variables that can be used as causes and effects. The second step is to identify cause-toeffect relationships using statistical methods. After mining 10,500 hospitalizations from Denmark and France, we automatically obtain 250 rules, 75 have been validated till now. The article details the data aggregation and an example of decision tree that allows finding several rules in the field of vitamin K antagonists.
Intelligent Consumer-Centric Electronic Medical Record
Authors: Luo Gang  , Thomas Selena B.  , Tang Chunqiang
Published: February 2025

Web-based, consumer-centric electronic medical records (CEMRs) are currently undergoing widespread deployment. Existing CEMRs, however, have limited intelligence and cannot satisfy users' many needs. This paper proposes the concept of intelligent CEMR. We introduce and extend expert system and web search technology into the CEMR domain. The resulting intelligent CEMRs can automatically provide users with personalized healthcare information to facilitate their daily activities. We use automatic home medical product recommendation as a concrete application to demonstrate the benefits offered by intelligent CEMRs.
Health-Enabling Technologies for Pervasive Health Care: A Pivotal Field for Future Medical Informatics Research Education?
Authors: Haux Reinhold  , Gietzelt Matthias  , Hellrung Nils  , Ludwig Wolfram  , Marschollek Michael  , Song Bianying  , Wolf Klaus-Hendrik
Published: February 2025

Our societies are changing worldwide. Life expectancy has increased in many societies and this increase is often related to an increase in the relative amount of elderly persons. Health-enabling technologies are information and communication technologies for creating sustainable conditions for self-sufficient and self-determined lifestyles. Sensor-enhanced health information systems play a major role in this context. The question is discussed, whether health-enabling technologies for pervasive health care can be regarded as a pivotal field for future medical informatics research and education.
An XML Schema for Automated Data Integration in a Multi-Source Information System Dedicated to End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Dufour Eric  , Ben Saïd Mohamed  , Jais Jean Philippe  , Le Mignot Loic  , Richard Jean-Baptiste  , Landais Paul
Published: February 2025

Data exchange and interoperability between clinical information systems represent a crucial issue in the context of patient record data collection. An XML representation schema adapted to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients was developed and successfully tested against patient data in the dedicated Multi-Source Information System (MSIS) active file (more than 16,000 patient records). The ESRD-XML-Schema is organized into Schema subsets respecting the coherence of the clinical information and enriched with coherent data types. Tests are realized against XML-data files generated in conformity with the ESRD-XML Schema. Manual tests allowed the XML schema validation of the data format and content. Programmatic tests allowed the design of generic XML parsing routines, a portable object data model representation and the implementation of automatic data-exchange flows with the MSIS database system. The ESRD-XML-Schema represents a valid framework for data exchange and supports interoperability. Its modular design offers opportunity to simplify physicians' multiple tasks in order to privilege their clinical work.
Modelling and Enforcing Privacy for Medical Data Disclosure across Europe
Authors: Boussi Rahmouni Hanene  , Solomonides Tony  , Casassa Mont Marco  , Shiu Simon
Published: February 2025

The harmonization of data protection legislation in Europe has been theoretically achieved by means of the EU directive on data protection. In practice the harmonization is not absolute and conflicts and inconsistencies continue to exist in the way Member States are implementing the directive. The integration of different European medical systems by means of grid technologies will continue to be challenging if technology does not intervene to enhance interoperability between national regulatory frameworks on data protection. In this paper we present an approach to automate privacy requirements for the sharing of patient data across Europe on a healthgrid domain and ensure its enforcement internally and within external domains where the data might travel. This approach is based on the semantic modelling of privacy obligations that are of legal, ethical or cultural nature. These requirements are for the sharing of personal data between different European Member States. Our model reflects both similarities and conflicts, if any, between the different Member States. This allows us to reason on the safeguards a data controller should ask from an organization belonging to another Member State before disclosing medical data to them. The system will also generate the relevant set of policies to be enforced at the process level of the grid to ensure privacy compliance before allowing access to the data.
Fractal Behaviour of Heart Rate Variability Reflects Severity in Stroke Patients
Authors: D'Addio Gianni  , Corbi Graziamaria  , Accardo Agostino  , Russo Giovanna  , Ferrara Nicola  , Mazzoleni M. Cristina  , Princi Tanja
Published: February 2025

Non-linear parameters obtained from heart rate variability (HRV) analysis has recently been recognized to provide valuable information for physiological interpretation of heart rate fluctuation. Among the numerous non-linear parameters related to the fractal behaviour of the HRV signal, two classes have gained wide interest in the last years: the beta exponent based on the 1/f-like relationship, starting from the spectral power, and that based on fractal dimension. In order to evaluate the relationship between lesion's severity and fractal behaviour, 20 first-ever stroke subjects and 10 healthy subjects were studied. Patients were divided in two groups according to single or multiple medium cerebral artery lesions. All subjects underwent 24-hour Holter recording analysed by fractal and 1/f-like techniques. Differently from methods usually used in literature to evaluate the fractal dimension (FD), in this work the FD was extracted by using the Higuchi's algorithm that permits to calculate the parameter directly from the HRV sequences in the time domain. Results show that fractal analysis contains relevant information related to different HRV dynamics that permits to separate normal subjects from stroke patients. FD is also able to distinguish between normal and stroke subjects with different lesion's severity.
Realizing the Potential of Healthcare Information Technology to Enhance Global Health
Authors: Hammond William Ed
Published: February 2025

For much of the world, truly productive and functional Electronic Health Record Systems (EHRs) remain an elusive goal of the future. Opportunities abound from the visibility provided by the availability of Health Information Technology funding in the U.S. and other countries of the world. Now is the time to seize the initiative to move from the past to the future to design HIT systems that meet the specific needs of each nation of the world in a way that is obtainable and affordable, and that provides an immediate return on investment. We need to move from an electronic system based on the paper-system to an empowering system based on available technology. We need to recognize that the EHR is not just for data storage but needs to become an intelligent, active partner with the healthcare provider and the patient to enhance health. This paper describes the current state of EHRs and addresses challenges for moving into the future.
Patient Safety: Detection and Prevention of Adverse Drug Events
Authors: Beuscart Régis  , McNair Peter  , Darmoni Stéfan J.  , Koutkia Vassilis  , Maglaveras Nicos  , Beuscart-Zephir Marie-Catherine  , Nohr Christian
Published: February 2025

Adverse Drug Events (ADE) represent a key problem in Public Health. The detection and prevention of ADE is a real challenge for hospitals and healthcare professionals. Healthcare Information and Communication Technologies can contribute to reduce the incidence of preventable ADE. During this workshop, we will discuss the various aspects of detection of ADE through methods like data and semantic mining in medical databases; the possibility of preventing ADE by using clinical decision support systems; the importance of Human Factors Engineering and the contextualization of knowledge. Examples and demonstrations will come from the European Project PSIP, devoted to the detection and prevention of ADE in Hospitals.
A Usability Profile for Graphical Formal Modelling Methods
Authors: Razali Rozilawati  , Garratt Paul
Published: February 2025

The notation and environment in conceptual modelling transform developers' initial perception about a system to a concrete model. Any usability constraints that the notation and environment impose on the modeling process affect not only the quality of the model but also the quality of the final product. This paper presents a usability profile for designing conceptual modelling methods that integrate graphical notation and formal mathematical notation. The profile was proposed based on a survey conducted on an instance of such methods, which combines the Unified Modelling Language (UML) and Event-B. The instruments used in the survey were the Cognitive Dimensions of Notations (CD) framework and several criteria suggested by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The analysis was conducted using the grounded theory approach. Thirteen participants responded to the survey. The survey suggests that graphical formal modelling requires deep understanding of the notations involved, strong support from the environment, well-organised models and high spatial ability.