bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Enforceability
Authors: Nunner-Krautgasser Bettina
Published: July 2021

In this paper, the author focuses on the effect of enforceability, in particular in relation to Austrian law. However, insights into German and European law are also provided. Enforceability is an effect of a judgment which is basically only granted to performance judgments. Declaratory and constitutive decisions (with the exception of the decision on costs) are not enforceable as such. As a result, the order for performance contained in the judgment can be enforced by state coercive measures. Enforceability occurs upon termination of the performance period. Enforceability is neither a consequence of, nor necessarily coincides with, res judicata. The introduction of the Brussels Ia Regulation has fundamentally changed the system of enforcement of foreign decisions. Decisions given in the EU Member State and enforceable in that State are now enforceable in another Member States without the need for a declaration of enforceability.
Pyloric atresia: authors’ clinical experience and literature review
Authors: Podkamenev A. V. , Syrtsova A. R. , Ti R. A. , Kuzminykh S. V. , Dvoreckij V. S. , Myznikova I. V. , Veretennikova A. A. , Murashova O. A.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Congenital pyloric atresia is a rare malformation of the stomach outlet which amounts to about 1% of all atresias in the gastrointestinal tract. The gastric outlet atresia may be either isolated or combined with other abnormalities.Material and methods. There are few publications on the surgical treatment of pyloric atresia with extraluminal and intraluminal endoscopic interventions; however, at present information about it is not enough to assess their effectiveness and safety in young children. In literature, one can also find only few detailed reviews on clinical observations of pyloric atresia; most of which describe anatomical type I. Membranectomy and pyloroplasty are used for surgical treatment of pyloric atresia of type I. Surgery for pyloric atresias of types II and III which includes the resection in atresia zone and the formation of anastomosis between the stomach and duodenum causes complications due to the duodeno-gastric reflux in postoperative period. To prevent these complications, there is a surgical technique which was first described by A. Dessanti, et al. and later was modified and detailed by S. Yokoyama. This article is a literature overview on the topic and authors’ own experience in treating pyloric atresia of type II in 2 patients and of type I in one 1 patient.Conclusion. The choice of surgical approach depends on the anatomical type of pyloric atresia. Currently, there is no any unified approach to the surgical treatment of atresia of types II and III. Membranectomy and gastroduodenoanastomosis seem to be the most appropriate surgical techniques to correct this abnormality what has been confirmed by our preliminary findings.
Multiple foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract of a 13-year-old child
Authors: Nalbandyan R. T. , Kapustin V. A. , Medinskiy P. V. , Bagaev V. G. , Lvova E. A. , Gromova A. A.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract are various objects of organic and inorganic origin, which are swallowed - not as food - either accidentally or intentionally. The article describes a clinical case of a 13-year-old child with multiple foreign bodies in his gastrointestinal tract which could cause serious complications, such as: perforation of hollow organs, peritonitis, intestinal obstruction, internal bleeding. By statistics, every fourth patient of the conscious age with foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract can potentially have problems in the neuropsychic sphere.Material and methods. A 13-year-old boy was admitted to the Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Trauma (CRIEPST) with nausea, repeated vomiting after each meal and water drinking. The careful anamnesis revealed that before the boy’s state deteriorated, he had swallowed a large number of magnets and metal objects within a short period of time. X-rays examination found multiple foreign bodies in his gastrointestinal tract. They were removed during esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGDS) and surgical intervention.Results. The plain-film X-ray examination of the abdomen in the projection of the stomach revealed a radiopaque group of foreign bodies of a rounded shape as a conglomerate. At FEGDS, 54 objects were removed: 4 metal balls up to 0.5 cm in diameter, 47 round magnets up to 1.5 cm in diameter, a metal chain and two screws. During laparotomy and gastrotomy 99 foreign bodies were removed: 82 magnet balls 0.5 cm in size, 16 metal balls 1.5 cm in size, 1 bolt. The postoperative period was uneventful. The child was discharged on the 12 th day after surgery in the satisfactory state.Conclusion. Due to timely diagnostics and proper curative tactics, multiple foreign bodies were revealed and removed from the child’s stomach endoscopically and surgically within a short period of time. A correctly chosen curative tactics resulted in a complete recovery of the patient without complications on the 12th hospitalization day.
Normality Assessment of Several Quantitative Data Transformation Procedures
Authors: Noel Dago Dougba
Published: July 2021

Usually, quantitative data standardization and/or normalization procedures requested in biological and as well in biomedical data analysis with the purpose to infer about linear regression relationship between processed variables and/or conditions. Here, we embarked to understand performance of quantitative data transformation systems in terms of reducing data variability as well as assessing data distribution normality by a computational statistic approach. For this purpose, we performed several multivariate descriptive and analytical statistical tests. Even if results shown drastic reduction of data variability by applying presently data transformation procedures, it is noteworthy to underline the relative opposite attitude of Exponential (Expo) data standardization system in that sense. In addition although, results revealed variance homogeneity for data processed by both Maximum and Logarithm data transformation methods, it is noteworthy to underline a relative variance homogeneity with regard data submitted to Box-Cox, Z-score, Minimum-Maximum and Square Root data transformation methods. Further, findings exhibited high aptitude of Square Root, Box-Cox and Logarithm quantitative data standardization methods, in stabilizing processed data variability. Interestingly, results shown high performances of Logarithm and Box-Cox data standardization systems in term of adjusting data normal distribution. In addition, multiple comparison of mean by Turkey contrast test suggested the high performance in term of data normality with regard Box-Cox standardization method. In conclusion, even if our results revealed heterogenic performances of presently processed quantitative data transformation methods, it is noteworthy to underline the high performances of both Box-Cox and Logarithm methods
Termékválaszték és termelékenység
Authors: Halpern László
Published: July 2021

A vállalati mérleggel összekapcsolt partner- és termékszintű külkereskedelmi adatok segít-ségével meg lehet vizsgálni, hogy milyen összefüggés van a vállalat termékválasztéka és termelé-kenysége, valamint egyéb olyan jellemzői között, mint a méret vagy a tulajdonosi szerkezet (kül-földi tulajdoni arány). Jelen tanulmányban a szerző külkereskedelmi adatokból vezeti le megállapí-tásait, melyeket termelési és belföldi értékesítési adatokkal végzett elemzések eredményeivel egé-szít ki. E számításokhoz és a külkereskedelmi adatok időbeli vizsgálatához azonban előbb össz-hangba hozza a kétféle osztályozási rendszert. A külkereskedelmi adatok alapján az export-választék bővítésének fontos összetevője a termelékenység mellett a vállalat importválasztéka, mérete és a külföldi tulajdoni arány is, amit azonban a termelési és az értékesítési adatok csak részben támasztanak alá.
What Leads to a Patient Refusal for Ambulatory Surgery? A Logistic Regression Prediction Model Based on a 5-year Retrospective Analysis of Patients with Abdominal Wall Hernia
Authors: Oliveira João , Ramos Sandra F. , Cruz Manuel B. , Novais Isabel , Magalhães Carlos , Santos Marisa
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Ambulatory surgery has proven benefits in patient wellbeing and cost reduction in healthcare systems. However, some patients referred for ambulatory surgery are refused and directed instead towards inpatient care, which generates several drawbacks. The reasons for this refusal have not been yet studied. The aim of this study is to identify, retrospectively, significant variables associated with patient refusal for ambulatory surgery and develop a mathematical tool able to predict with strong accuracy those who will be rejected.Material and Methods: Over a 5-year period (2014 - 2018), all patients that underwent abdominal hernia repair in our hospital in an inpatient setting, and that had been previously refused for ambulatory surgery, were analysed for a total of 94 variables. A multivariate logistic regression model was developed to identify risk factors associated with refusal using data from 136 patients (65 refused vs 71 accepted). A prediction index for refusal in ambulatory surgery - IRAS - was derived and tested (n = 62 patients).Results: The risk index included five significant risk factors: type 2 diabetes mellitus [OR 14.669 (2.982; 72.154)], physical status [OR 49.155 (15.532; 155.555)], prior malignancy [OR 14.518 (2.653; 79.441)], prior abdominal surgery [OR 3.455 (1.006; 11.866)] and usage of antiplatelet agents [OR 25.600 (4.309; 152.066)]. All risk factors were associated with a high risk of refusal (OR between 3.455 for history of prior abdominal surgery and 49.155 according to the American Society of Anaesthesiologists physical status classification). Defining five points as the maximum IRAS score that predicts suitability for ambulatory surgery resulted in a positive predictive value of 93.55% and negative predictive value of 87.10%.Conclusion: IRAS is a useful tool that can contribute to reduce time to surgery and improve patients’ quality of life.
Colorectal Screening Program in Northern Portugal: First Findings
Authors: Monteiro Hugo , Tavares Fernando , Reis João , Ferreira Gustavo , Campos M. José , Costa Sérgio , Carvalho Laura , Carvalho João , Pedroto Isabel , Soares José , Henrique Rui , Bento Maria José , Hassan Cesare , Dinis-Ribeiro Mário
Published: July 2021

Introduction: In Portugal, a colorectal cancer screening program based on faecal immunochemical test followed by colonoscopy was shown to be cost-effective for individuals between 50 and 74 years old. We report the first findings of the implementation of a population-based program In Northern Portugal.Material and Methods: In the pilot phase, eligible subjects were allocated either to a direct mailing invitation or to primary care centers. In the first year of program implementation, we assessed the uptake rate, the faecal immunochemical test -positivity rate, the diagnostic yield of advanced neoplasia, and the quality parameters for post-faecal immunochemical test + colonoscopy.Results: We invited 100 501 eligible subjects (49% male with a median age of 55 years). Of these, 5228 participated in the pilot phase and 95 273 participated in the first year of the program. In the first year of the program, the adherence was 29%, with a positivity rate of 5% and a 60% compliance to colonoscopy. The faecal immunochemical test-detection rate of advanced neoplasia was 0.35/1000 subjects, and the positive predictive value at post- faecal immunochemical test + colonoscopy was 44% and 2% for advanced adenoma and invasive cancer, respectively. No major adverse events were reported after colonoscopy.Discussion: The suboptimal adherence to faecal immunochemical test and post-faecal immunochemical test + colonoscopy remains the most urgent step to be addressed.Conclusion: A centralized invitation system based on direct mailing was feasible and both colonoscopy quality and diagnostic yield were adequate antecipating the success of the programme.
Moishe Postone e o ensaio como forma
Authors: Hullot-Kentor Robert , Tinti Tauan Fernandes
Published: July 2021

O presente ensaio esboça brevemente a relação entre Tempo, trabalho e dominação social, a principal obra de Moishe Postone, e uma linha de desenvolvimento filosófico da qual, por ser uma teoria crítica, ela seria inerentemente uma aliada: o trabalho de Theodor Adorno, tal como é paradigmaticamente realizado no “ensaio como forma”, expressão que aqui serve de apóstrofe ao modo de Adorno proceder como um todo, e não como uma referência estrita a seu conhecido ensaio. Ainda que o estudo de Postone almeje e seja uma reflexão dialética, ele busca a univocidade. E, ao se alinhavar dessa forma, repudiando toda divagação, como uma forma de análise categorial, ele se diferencia decisivamente do ensaio como forma por rejeitar a crítica imanente. Porém, embora reconheçamos o alcance da exclusividade mútua entre o ensaio como forma enquanto crítica imanente e uma análise categorial sistemática da totalidade – como a de Postone –, essa antipatia não precisa ser entendida como sendo obrigatoriamente improdutiva. Caso perseguida, ela pode até vir a ter implicações para a liberação de tudo aquilo que está contido como um híbrido na expressão “marxismo tradicional”, desprendendo das aspas a experiência histórica e mesmo as palavras nela alojadas, sem colocar em risco a reflexão sistemática do Marx maduro que Moishe acertadamente desejava discernir e elucidar.
Physiological Traits of Thirty-Five Tomato Accessions (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in Response to Low Temperature
Authors: Rajametov Sherzod Nigmatullaevich , Lee Kwanuk , Jeong Hyo Bong , Cho Myeong Cheoul , Nam Chun Woo , Yang Eun Young
Published: July 2021

Tomato is exposure to diverse abiotic stresses. Cold stress is one of harsh environmental stresses and abnormal low temperature affects tomato growth and development including physio- logical disorders, flower drops, and abnormal fruit morphology, causing the decrease of tomato yield and a fruit quality. It is important to identify low temperature-(LT) tolerant tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivars relying on different fruit types. This study focused on analyzing physiological traits of 35 tomato accessions with three different fruit types (cherry, medium, and large sizes) under night temperature set-points of 15°C for normal temperature (NT) and 10°C for LT, respectively. Plant heights (PH) of most tomato accessions in LT were remarkably decreased compared to those in NT. The growth of leaf length (LL) and leaf width (LW) was reduced depending on the genotypes under LT. In addition, the number of fruits (NFR), fruit set (FS), fruit yield (FY), and marketable yield (MY) were negatively affected in LT. The variation was further investigated by the correlation analysis, the principal component (PCA), and the cluster analysis. Interestingly, positive correlations between different vegetative and reproductive traits were uncovered. Multivariate analysis including the PCA and hierarchical clustering classified LT-treated 35 tomato accessions into four major groups. The identified accessions were associated with vegetative and reproductive parameters on positive directions and might be utilized for breeding programs on selecting LT-tolerant cultivars.
A Confirmatory Framework PLS-SEM for Construction Waste Reduction as Part of Achieving Sustainable Development Goals of a Building
Authors: Mohammed Musa , Shafiq Nasir , Elmansoury Ali , Abdallah Zawawi Noor Amila wan , Muhammad Abubakar
Published: July 2021

As a result of rapid population growth, an exponentially growing human population, and industrial expansion, it has become increasingly difficult to manage municipal solid wastes throughout the world. Decentralized waste management systems have created difficult situations in developing countries such as Malaysia. Wastes generated in the country, due to various cultural, social, and religious activities, organic and contributing to environmental pollution (air, water, and soil) and human health troubles. A questionnaire survey was participated by 220 construction professionals in Malaysia using structured and semi-structured methods. The framework was assessed using A partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to target sustainable development goals (SDG). Statistical analysis results indicate a significant effect between SCW management, since(r(270)=.687, P<0.001). Improving factors has strong relationship with SCW management, since(r(270)=.723, P<0.001). The mediation results also suggested a significant indirect positive effect of improving factors drivers on SCW management through policy-related factors sinceβ=0.688, t=8.254, P<0.001, 95% CI for β=0.536,0.866. Finally, policy-related factors construct has a strong relationship with SCWM) management, since(r(270)=.811, P<0.001) With the R Square of 0.787 and 0.785. The developed framework can improve construction waste management in the construction industry and enhance construction waste management to achieve global sustainable development goals. The findings show that one of the most critical issues of enhancing profitability is using preventive policies to reduce construction waste. This study could guide construction industry stakeholders in identifying the different waste management features during a building project's construction and design stage
Application of the Gadidae Fish Processing Waste for Food Grade Gelatin Production
Authors: Zarubin Nikita Yu. , Kharenko Elena N. , Bredikhina Olga V. , Arkhipov Leonid O. , Zolotarev Konstantin V. , Mikhailov Anton N. , Nakhod Valeriya I. , Mikhailova Marina V.
Published: July 2021

Waste from fish cutting (heads, swim bladders, fins, skin, bones) is a high-value technological raw material for obtaining substances and products based on them with a wide range of properties. The possibility of using waste from cutting fish of the Gadidae family: the Alaska pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) and the Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus), processed in the coastal zone, is scientifically substantiated. In this work, a technology has been developed for processing accumulated waste from fish cutting in order to obtain fish gelatin, which is characterized by high protein content (more than 80.0%) and a full set of essential and nonessential amino acids. We studied the quality of fish gelatin obtained from wastes from cutting the fish of the Gadidae family. The possibility of using fish gelatin as a component of fish products is shown; the dose of its introduction into the fish products is substantiated. The data obtained made it possible to recommend the use of fish processing waste products as a gelling component and a source of amino acids in multicomponent food systems.
Transcriptional Regulation by the NFAT Family in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Patterson Shaun David , Huang Xu , Jørgensen Heather , Michie Alison
Published: July 2021

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological cancer with poor outcomes due to a lack of efficacious targeted therapies. The Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells (NFAT) family of transcription factors is well characterized as a regulator of the cell cycle and differentiation in the myeloid lineage. Recent evidence has demonstrated that NFAT family members may have roles in regulating AML leukemogenesis and resistance to targeted therapy in myeloid leukemias. Furthermore gene expression data from patient samples show that some NFATs are more highly expressed in poorly differentiated AML and after disease relapse, implying that the NFAT family may have roles in specific types of AML. This review outlines the evidence for the role of NFAT in healthy myeloid tissue and explores how NFAT might regulate AML pathogenesis, highlighting the potential to target specific NFAT proteins therapeutically in AML.
In BRCA1 and BRCA2 Breast Cancers, Chromosome Breaks Occur near Herpes Tumor Virus Sequences
Authors: Friedenson Bernard
Published: July 2021

Inherited mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes increase risks for breast, ovarian, and other cancers. Both genes encode proteins for accurately repairing chromosome breaks. If mutations inactivate this function, broken chromosomes may not be restored correctly, allowing breaks to persist or rearrange chromosomes. These abnormalities are potentially catastrophic events that can originate from viral infections. I used bioinformatic analyses of publicly available breast cancer patient data to show that the distribution of chromosome breaks in hereditary breast cancers differs markedly from sporadic breast cancers. Then I tested hereditary breast cancer sequence data around chromosome breaks for DNA similarity to all known viruses. Human DNA flanking breakpoints usually had decisive matches to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV / HHV4) tumor variants HKHD40 and HKNPC60. Many breakpoints were near EBV genome anchor sites, human EBV tumor-like sequences, EBV-associated epigenetic marks, and some fragile sites. On chromosomes 2 and 12, sequences near EBV genome anchor sites accounted for 90% and 88% of breakpoints (p<0.0001), respectively. On chromosome 4, 51/52 inter-chromosomal breakpoints were close to EBV-like sequences in 19 hereditary breast cancers. In contrast, 19 sporadic breast cancers only had 12 interchromosomal breakpoint regions on chromosome 4 near EBV-like sequences. On various other chromosomes, five EBV genome anchor sites were near hereditary breast cancer breakpoints at precisely defined, disparate gene or LINE locations. Independent evidence further implicating EBV in hereditary breast cancer breakpoints is that 25 breast cancer break positions are within 1.25% of breakpoints in model EBV cancers. In addition to BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations, all the hereditary breast cancers had mutated genes essential for immune responses. This compromise facilitates reactivation of herpes viruses which produce nucleases capable of breaking chromosomes. EBV also causes other deleterious effects: anchored EBV episomes can interfere with normal replication and obstruct DNA break repairs; even very early infection causes massive transcription changes. The results, therefore, imply proactive treatment and prevention of herpes viral infections may prevent some chromosome breaks and benefit BRCA mutation carriers.
Investigation of the technological parameters of cored castings when in a lined coquille
Authors: Volkov D. A. , Volkov A. D. , Efimenko A. V.
Published: July 2021

The article presents a number of experimental and research works on the development of the parameters of the casting technology for castings with internal cavities formed by a sand rod, by casting in a lined coquille (chill mould) with a vertical connector. The influence of gating systems with a central riser and side risers on the thickness of the casting wall shedding and on the mechanical characteristics of the cast iron alloy, including ligatures, is revealed.
Quantitative methods for assessing the microstructure of steel and alloys for revising outdated GOST standards
Authors: Kazakov A. A. , Kiselev D. V. , Kazakova E. A.
Published: July 2021

The current state of GOST, which regulates the quality of the structure of steels and alloys, has significantly lagged behind the progress in the compositions and technologies for obtaining modern steels and alloys. Using the example of microstructural banding of steel, it is shown how to overcome this gap and bring the methodology developed in Russia to the level of interstate GOST.

Other problems of quantitative evaluation of structural components of steels and alloys that can become the basis of industry, national and interstate standards are considered: microstructural heterogeneity of sheet metal; non-metallic inclusions in steel, including automation of GOST 1778-70, evaluation methods using the ASTM E1245 methodology and statistics of extreme values, as well as automatic particle analysis; central axial inhomogeneity of a slab; liquation strip in sheet metal; the proportion of coarse bainite blocks used to describe the properties of modern pipe steels; the structure of joints after multi-pass welding; the metallurgical quality of heat-resistant nickel alloys; the structure of alloys treated in a semi-solid state; the structure of pre-eutectic silumins; non-metallic inclusions in aluminum alloys (PoDFA method); the structure of high-strength cast iron; grain size distribution.
Self-Compacting Concrete and Concreting Technology for Foundation Block Using 9000 Cubic Meters of Concrete
Authors: Batyanovskiy E. I. , Bondarovich A. I. , Kalinovskaya N. N. , Ryabchikov P. V.
Published: July 2021

. The paper presents the results of the development and implementation of the technology of self-compacting heavy structural concrete and the technology of concreting with its use of the largest foundation slab in Belarus (concrete volume ~9100 m3) of a high-rise building at the facility “Construction of a multifunctional complex in Minsk within the boundaries of Filimonova Street – Avenue Nezavisimosty – Makayonka Street”. The results of research are shown, which ensured the production of self-compacting concrete of class C35/45 with water resistance up to W20 (with the required W12 according to the project) from concrete mixtures of the maximum cone expansion of the PK6 (RK6) grade for three zones of the foundation slab different in degree of reinforcement: lower, middle and upper, with a total structure height of 3.5 m and plan dimensions ~(83´34) m. The technology of continuous (seamless) concreting has been developed and implemented, which made it possible to lay ~9100 m3 of concrete into the structure without defects within 42 hours of continuous operation, and a system of technological measures that prevented temperature cracking in concrete. The homogeneity of the physical and mechanical properties of concrete, confirmed by control tests, is ensured due to the uniform supply of the concrete mixture (from six  concrete pumps at the same time) in layers 200–300 mm high with a distance between the supply points of about 5–6 m and the vertical arrangement of the “trunks” of the concrete pipes during delivery of concrete to each point, as well as the fact that the time for feeding the next volume of concrete was significantly less than the setting time of the previously laid concrete (with a total concreting speed £0.1 m/h). Standardized and original test methods for concrete mixtures, hardening kinetics and properties of hardened concrete have been used during the development, research and implementation of the project. Control tests of physical and mechanical properties and characteristics of concrete, carried out at BNTU together with authorized  organizations controlling the progress of construction, as well as in independent (third-party) organizations, have confirmed their compliance with the design requirements.
Analytical Synthesis of Control Acceleration of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Authors: Lobaty A. A. , Bumai A. Y. , Prohorovith S. S.
Published: July 2021

. The problem of analytical synthesis of the control acceleration for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) during its flight along a complex trajectory, consisting of sequentially located horizontal flight sections, located at different heights relative to the earth's surface has been solved in the paper. The problem has been solved as an analytical definition of the  optimal control of a linear non-stationary system for a specified minimized quality functional. The mathematical model  of the system is presented in the form of differential equations of UAV motion in the vertical plane of a fixed coordinate  system related to the earth's surface. A feature of the proposed methodology for solving the problem is the substantiation  of the original form of the minimized functional and parameters included in the law of variation of the control acceleration obtained by known methods. As the components of the quality functional, the values of coordinates and velocity of the UAV are considered and they are specified at the corresponding points in space through which the UAV path must pass, in order  to obtain the optimal curvature of the trajectory. The derived mathematical dependences make it possible to implement them on board of an aircraft and, ultimately, solve the problem of ensuring the minimum energy consumption when controlling  an object (UAV). Computer simulation of the analytically obtained results in the form of the UAV flight trajectory and  the processes of changing its acceleration and speed have shown the efficiency of the proposed technique and the prospects  of its use at the initial stage of the synthesis of the UAV control system.
DEMOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENT OF VORKUTA CITY DISTRICT – COMPONENT OF ARCTIC RUSSIAN REGION
Authors: FAUZER V. , LYTKINA T. , KLIMENKO V.
Published: July 2021

The article discusses the composition of territories and natural resource potential of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The history of the formation of the population of Vorkuta Urban District, which is the part of the Russian Arctic from 2014, is discussed. The population dynamics in 1959 is shown. The article also contains more detailed information about the urban population of Vorkuta Urban District and other northern cities of the Komi Republic from 2011 to 2016. In the article the reproduction of the population since 1970 is
analyzed. The article presents a forecast of the population until 2030.
ESTIMATION OF ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY CONCEPT OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES FOR RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
Authors: GRIGORYEVA N.
Published: July 2021

The residential sector is a significant reserve for improving the energy efficiency of the Belarussian economy. Increasing the energy efficiency of residential buildings approaches are explored through a comprehensive concept for assessing the economic efficiency of energy efficiency measures. Four types of evaluation of the effectiveness of measures to improve the energy efficiency of residential buildings are defined: the economic cost estimation, the evaluation of economic results, the evaluation of social results, the evaluation of environmental results. Depending on the objectives and constraints set by stakeholders, inherent in each project, four models are identified for the formation of a project to improve the energy efficiency of residential buildings.
Impact of intellectual resources on the economic development
Authors: KUKAREKO D.
Published: July 2021

This article deals with the change in the leading role of resources that influence current economic development in the world. Postindustrial informational area and knowledgebased economy require newly formed institutional infrastructure and fresh view on the values and basis of the countries’ wealth. According to the necessity of improving the quality of life based on economic competitiveness ability, attracting investments and innovative development, economic policy should be lead adjusted for the leading role of informational industries that are able to renew countries’ economic growth and overcome crisis.
PREPARATIONS DURING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE AT ENTERPRISES
Authors: RABENOK A.
Published: July 2021

The problems of implementation of means of enterprise management automation are considered, in particular, the article considers the problems of patchwork automation of project management. Existing methods that consider preparations for the implementation of project management automation tools are analyzed. The algorithm of preparations for implementation of project management automation in the enterprise is proposed, taking into account the balance of organizational factors and functional capabilities of software. Algorithm can be used in the enterprise that plans to implement the automation of project management.
Comparative study of silicon and selenium to modulate chloroplast pigments levels, Hill activity, photosynthetic parameters and carbohydrate metabolism under arsenic stress in rice seedlings
Authors: Das Susmita , Biswas Asok K.
Published: July 2021

Arsenic (As) in groundwater severely harms global economic development by affecting growth and productivity of agricultural crops that causes human health risk. The comparative influence of silicon (Si) and selenium (Se) to modulate pigments levels, photosynthetic parameters using LI-6400XT Portable Photosynthesis System and carbohydrate metabolism under arsenate (As-V) stress in rice cv. MTU-1010 were evaluated. As(V) stress significantly decreased chlorophyll-a (32% on an average), chlorophyll-b (58% on an average), total chlorophyll (46% on an average), fluorescence intensity (31% on an average),, carotene (39% on an average), xanthophyll (33% on an average), Hill activity (47% on an average) and the photosynthetic parameters viz., intercellular-CO2-concentration (52% on an average), net photosynthesis (54% on an average), transpiration rate (36% on an average) and stomatal conductance (38% on an average) in the test seedlings. As(V) + Si treatments enhanced the said parameters more than As(V) + Se treatments in rice seedlings. Sugar contents viz., reducing (85% on an average) and non-reducing sugar (61% on an average) were increased but starch content (57% on an average) was decreased in As(V) treated seedlings. The activities of carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes were increased, while sucrose synthase activity was decreased due to As(V) toxicity in the test seedlings. Co-application of Si and As(V) as well as Se and As(V) showed ameliorative effects on the said parameters but more potential effect was observed under combined application of Si and As(V) in rice seedlings. Thus, the present study is focused to highlight the comparative capability of Si and Se to ameliorate the As induced toxic effects on chloroplast pigments, photosynthetic activities and sugar metabolism in rice seedlings which will be an effective approach to develop possible strategies in As contaminated agricultural soil to improve normal growth and productivity of rice plants.
PD-L1 promotes malignant progression by inducing EMT and enhancing stemness in muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Jiang Fujin , Ding Ying , Chen Yun , Zhang Xianyun , Ma Song , Zhang Yongjie
Published: July 2021

Objective: Despite radical treatment for aggressive muscle-invasive bladder cancer(MIBC), the prognosis remained poor. Programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1) plays an important role in suppressing immune responses.We investigate if PD-L1 and EMT synergistically contribute to MIBC progression. Methods: In vitro experiments, we evaluated the effects of PD-L1 on proliferation, invasion, migration of MIBC cells and studied the relationship between PD-L1 and CSC/EMT markers by overexpressing and knocking down PD-L. The association of PD-L1 with EMT was detected in MIBC human specimens and the synergistic effect of PD-L1and EMT was assessed by analysis of overall survival (OS). Results: Our data demonstrated that PD-L1 promotes proliferation, invasion and migration of MIBC cells. The positive correlation between PD-L1 and CSC/EMT markers was verified both in vitro experiments and in 130 MIBC specimens. Moreover, patients with positive PD-L1/positive EMT exhibited poorer overall survival than patients with other combinations. Conclusion: The close relationship between PD-L1 and EMT may offer potential therapeutic strategy that co-targeting PD-L1 and EMT may improve the prognosis of MIBC patients.
Nutritional Health Status: Association of Stunted and Wasted Children and Their Mothers
Authors: Khadija Ulfat , Mahmood Shahid , Annie Amara , Quddoos M. Yousaf , Ahmad Hajra , Khadija Afeefa , Zahra Syeda mahvish , Hussain Ashiq
Published: July 2021

Background: Across the globe, 149 and 49 million children are stunted and wasted, respectively. Prevalence of stunting and wasting is 40.2 and 17.7 % children of Pakistan. Stunting and wasting are accompanied with genetics, dietary factor, lack of information, bottle feeding, illiterate parents, less birth interval, infection such as diarrhoea, low birth weight, mother suffering from malnutrition during pregnancy, breastfeeding, pharmaceutical, and hormonal, psychosocial, and low social-economic status. Methods: Stunted and wasted children and their mothers were called on and detail discussions related to research plan were carried out. Informed consent was assured from mothers, for participation in the study. The demographics, anthropometrics, vital signs observations, body composition, clinical signs and symptoms, dietary intake and associated biomarkers (CBC, level of urea nitrogen in blood, serum albumin globulin and serum creatinine.) were tools for nutritional health status assessment. SPSS software was implied on data. Results: The study found that 27.2 % mothers of were belonged to stunted children, 17.3 % belonged to wasted children, and 50.9 % belonged to those children who were suffering from both stunting and wasting condition.57.9 % mothers who were illiterate belong to stunted and wasted children. CBC and Hb test is prominent, stunted and wasted children had Hb 9.88 mg/dL, whereas, their mothers had 10.8 mg/dL Hb average. The average height and weight of stunted and wasted children was 68.6 cm and 7.11kg respectively. Dietary patterns and diet quality of both mothers and children were poor, due to lack of affordability; they were not able to eat healthy food.Conclusion: Stunted and wasted ultimately result in poor growth and development of children. Most of children were anemic, they height and weight less than WHO growth standards. They have less knowledge and poor intake of food diet pattern so children growth was poor
CO2 Emissions are First Aggravated and then Alleviated with Economic Growth in China: A New Multidimensional EKC Analysis
Authors: Feng Langang , Gao Xiangyun , An Sufang , Han Xiaodan , Shang Shu
Published: July 2021

CO2 emissions have become a topical issue worldwide, but few studies have explored the relationship between CO2 emissions and income by establishing direct, indirect and total environmental Kuznets curves (EKCs). Using an annual panel dataset collected over the 1997-2017 period in China, this study first analyzed the spatiotemporal evolutionary process of CO2 emissions and subsequently developed direct, indirect and total EKCs based spatial Durbin model (SDM) and partial derivative approach. These results indicate that, first, CO2 emissions have characteristic positive spatial autocorrelation, with gravity centers that have shifted westward. Second, the direct EKC forms a line, while the total EKC resembles a lying-S shape as well as the total EKC, which indicates that compared to local economic growth, neighboring growth plays a very different role in impacting local CO2 emissions. Furthermore, neighboring economic growth seems to have stronger impacts on local emissions, and the turning point of the total EKC comes much earlier than that of the conventional EKC due to the spillover effects of economic growth. Finally, the growth of the population, as well as the rise of energy intensity, can stimulate CO2 emissions in both local and neighboring regions. Industrialization seems to have a nonsignificant impact on emissions changes due to the offsetting effects of the positive direct and negative indirect impacts of the share of secondary industry. Improvements in local urbanization may lead to an increase in emissions, while neighboring improvements may have stronger restricting effects; thus, urbanization improvement is beneficial to emissions reduction. This study provides more scientific information from both local and neighboring perspectives, which may differ from conventional results but still be beneficial for emissions reduction policy makers to introduce corresponding measures.
Transient Analysis of Power Management in Wireless Sensor Network With Start-Up Times and Threshold Policy
Authors: Ramupillai Sushesh , shapique Mohammed
Published: July 2021

Queueing models play a significant role in analysing the performance of power management systems in various electronic devices and communication systems. This paper adopts a multiple vacation queueing model with a threshold policy to analyse the power-saving mechanisms of the wireless sensor network(WSN) using the Dynamic Power Management technique. The proposed system consists of a busy state(transmit state), wake-up state, shutdown state and inactive state. In this model, the server switches to a shutdown state for a random duration of time after serving all the events(data packets) in the busy state. Events that arrive during the shutdown period cannot be served until the system size reaches the predetermined threshold value of k and further it requires start-up time and a change of state to resume service. At the end of the shutdown period, if the system size is less than k, then the server begins the inactive period; otherwise, the server switches to the wake-up state. For this system, an explicit expression for the transient and steady-state solution is computed in a closed-form. Furthermore, performance indices such as mean, variance, probability that the server is in various stages of power management modes and mean power consumption are computed. Finally, graphical illustrations are made to understand the effect of the parameters on the performance of the system.
Validamycin Inhibits The Transmission of Tomato Chlorotic Virus By Bemisia Tabaci
Authors: Mu Yang , Shi Xiaobin , Zhang Zhuo , Zhang Zhanhong , Wang Tianqi , Wang Yanqi , Wei Yan , Zhou Xuguo , Xiang Min , Liu Yong , Zhang Deyong
Published: July 2021

Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), commonly known as whitefly or sweet potato whitefly, causes feeding-related injuries to plants, and transmits more than 200 different plant viruses, including Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV). Control of B. tabaci is therefore one of the key measures in the comprehensive prevention and control of ToCV outbreak in tomato fields. Many insects rely on the hydrolysis of trehalose, carried out by the enzyme trehalase, to power their flight and other life-sustaining activities. B. tabaci encodes just one trehalase, making it an attractive target. In this study, the mechanism underlying the involvement of trehalase in the transmission of ToCV by B. tabaci was investigated. Also, the effect of the trehalase inhibitor, validamycin, on ToCV transmission was assessed. Our results showed that trehalase activity was upregulated in B. tabaci fed on ToCV-infected tomato plants. Treating B. tabaci with validamycin decreased the trehalase activity, and significantly reduced its transmission of ToCV. Validamycin treatment also inhibited the flying and feeding ability of B. tabaci. These results indicate that proper function of trehalase is required by whitefly to transmit ToCV with high efficiency. They also provide an important theoretical basis for targeting whitefly trehalase as a means to control ToCV transmission.
Cross-Layer Design Based N-Ary Huffman Coding For Performance Analysis of DSDV Routing Protocol In MANETs
Authors: MEHTA RIDHIMA
Published: July 2021

The implementation of the optimal Huffman coding technique for achieving proficient data compression, lower information redundancy and minimal utilization of the scarce bandwidth is essential to handle the effective processing of massive network data. In this paper, we employ cross-layer design technique among the data link, network and presentation layers of the traditional protocol stack to develop the improved DSDV routing protocol based on n-ary Huffman coding procedure. The entropy-based adaptive prefix codewords with variable length are assigned to the probability of packet successful delivery across the ad-hoc wireless network. Several coding and network efficiency parameters are deployed to assess the performance of the proposed routing scheme under three distinctive IPv4 network scenarios. These investigated network protocols include the default IPv4, multi IPv4 and dynamic IPv4 routing methodologies. Diversified simulation settings are employed with deviating network size to measure the multitude of essential wireless network characteristics incorporating the average delay, packet error rate, packet delivery fraction, data rate, ping loss rate, entropy rate, and reception cache hit. In addition, the set of key data compression/coding indicators are examined through comprehensive numerical analysis such as codeword length, source information rate, mean redundancy, and coding efficiency. Beyond, we significantly compare the performance of our developed cross-layer coded mobile routing model with several previous algorithms to validate its enhanced feasibility and superiority in terms of crucial network operation metrics such as throughput, packet drop rate, mean delay and packet delivery ratio.
Rotavirus Infection Among Hospitalized Children With Gastroenteritis in A Teaching Hospital in Central Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Khajeh-Azad Mohamad Amin , Rezvan Sajjad , Shams Saeed , Movahedi Zahra , Aghaali Mohammad , Heydari Hosein
Published: July 2021

Background

Human Rotaviruses are important causative agent of acute gastroenteritis among young children globally. Therefore, the study of diarrheal samples obtained from children in order to determine the prevalence and dominant genotypes of Rotavirus is indispensable to prevent inappropriate prescription of antibiotics and to assess the necessity of vaccine immunization. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of Rotavirus infections among children with acute diarrhea and to study the association of the disease with paraclinical parameters in Qom, central Iran.
Methods

We collected stool samples from children admitted with acute diarrhea to a teaching hospital. Enzyme-Linked-Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used to detect Rotavirus antigens. Blood samples were taken to measure CBC, ESR, and CRP levels.
Findings:

Rotavirus was detected in 21.4% (40/199) of the samples. The mean age of children in this study was 8/2 ± 2/3 years. There was a statistically significant difference between no increase in WBC, PMN, CRP and ESR in children with rotavirus infection.
Conclusion

Our study showed a lower prevalence of Rotavirus infections in hospitalized children compared to previous studies. We suggest that in addition to Rotavirus detection using PCR and genotyping, other viruses should be sought for detection of causative agent of diarrhea in children.