bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teaching Photography via Photography
Authors: McDonnell Ben
Published: September 2020

This reflective paper draws on an evaluation of current online pedagogy but also the authors practice as an artist that revolves around forming a relationship between image and sound. As such ‘Listening’ and ‘Looking’ are used as a broad structure for six short essays that draw on experiences of moving to online delivery to consider the virtual classroom as an amorphous, fluid space that can be both problematic but also present opportunities for innovative teaching and learning. In addition to the six reflective essays; Latency, Volume, Spaces to Speak, Lebenswelt, Screenshare and The Thingness of Making, The Thingness of Teaching the article draws on an anonymous survey of second and third (final) year undergraduate students and an online conversation group initiated with colleagues that teach at undergraduate and post graduate level at both Manchester School of Art and the Royal College of Art. Rather than propose a definite set of conclusions the article suggests that the online platform is inherently a visual one, but using listening as a way of understanding it could open up the possibility of creating a teaching space that is concurrently difficult to grasp but potentially easily accessible and less hierarchical.
Club Med Foça: The Transformation of Leisure Culture in Turkey
Authors: OZGUN Aras , ŞAVK Serkan
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we trace the transformation of leisure culture and emergence of tourism as a form of life-style consumption in Turkey by analyzing the representation of Club Med Foça, in Turkish media between 1967 and 2005, during the Club’s active period in which it served as a catalyst for such cultural transformation. We deploy Critical Discourse Analysis as a methodological framework for this purpose, and examine a variety of historical resources including popular magazines, news pieces, feature films, postcards, official documents and a photo-romance series for analyzing the representational contexts involving Club Med Foça. Our analysis shows that leisure culture and life-style consumption in Turkey has emerged between the tension of national identity and westernization, yet, at a later stage of the country’s modernization process, the main axis of tension shifted from an ambivalent relation of Turkish national identity with its western other to an ambivalent relation between the social classes in Turkey.
Highlighting Simulation Practices in the Neonatal Environment
Authors: Smith Tedra S. , Dudding Katherine , Knight Candace , Sanders Allyson , Currie Erin , Shorten Allison
Published: September 2020

Simulation is an effective teaching methodology to enhance clinical thinking and reasoning skills among nursing students and practicing nurses. The opportunity to practice in a safe environment maintains a structure that promotes learning at all levels. There are various levels of fidelity as well as cost to facilitate simulation in the neonatal setting. This at times hinders the ability to incorporate simulation into educational practices. The purpose of this article is to provide a discussion on simulation practices in the neonatal setting, an overview of low-cost neonatal simulation exemplars, and implications for practice.
Istiglâlu Barâati al-Ikhtirâ’ fî al-Qânûn al-Indûnîsî Dirâsah Fiqhiyah Taqwîmiyah
Authors: Haq Husnul , Arif Arif Ali
Published: September 2020

Patent has a prominent place in people’s nowadays lives as it becomes the main mover of their advancement as well as a barometer of a nation’s development and treasure. Countries with a huge percentage of patents occupy higher position and get stronger political influence than others. Therefore, the worldwide countries have agreed to conduct agreements to protect the patent through so called Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). Indonesian’s signing on the agreement was then followed by a legal cover in the field of patent through Law number 13 of 2016. This study aims to examine the concept of exploitation in the Indonesian Law using Islamic jurisprudence as the evaluative instrument. It focuses on how far the congruity between both in portraying the patent and punishment for its exploitation is. We use analytical and critical method as well as comparative ones. The careful study on this law and Islamic jurisprudence including its principles and purposes makes it clear that both agree on patent as a part of wealth and property and therefore, it needs protection as well as rules on punishment for the aggressors. Both also share the same opinion on patent exploitation rules whether personal exploitation or through a license contract. However, Islamic jurisprudence has established procedures for patent exploitation and one of which is that it should not harm others.
Educação e desenvolvimento: uma parceria necessária na construção da emancipação sociocultural das populações indígenas
Authors: Brostolin Marta Regina
Published: September 2020

O presente trabalho aborda o tema desenvolvimento e educação, questiona a forma como ainda se apresentam projetos na área, preocupados com a produção e não com as pessoas, principalmente quando se trata de planos e estratégias de desenvolvimento voltados para as populações indígenas. Traz e analisa a concepção atual de desenvolvimento, cujo processo deve estar centrado no ser humano, na busca por uma maior qualidade de vida. Nessa perspectiva, o desenvolvimento implica a formação e educação da própria comunidade em matéria de cultura, capacidades, competências e habilidades que permitam a ela mesma, evidentemente com a ajuda de agentes e fatores externos, agenciar e gerenciar seu processo de desenvolvimento. Nesse contexto, a escola, por meio da educação escolar, pode ser um espaço de fronteira, fazendo as conexões entre mundos diferentes, ou seja, promotora de uma relação intercultural de respeito, autonomia e desenvolvimento.
O grafismo das cestarias dos Guarani M’byá
Authors: Sarmento José Francisco
Published: September 2020

Este trabalho é um recorte da dissertação de mestrado Etnodesign: um estudo do grafismo das cestarias dos M’byá Guarani de Paraty-Mirim (RJ), que trata do entendimento dos significados dos desenhos das cestarias dos índios m’byá guarani, da aldeia Itatins, localizada em Paraty-Mirim, no litoral do Rio de Janeiro. As manifestações estéticas indígenas foram estudadas como sistemas de representação, que procuram explicar como a sociedade pensa a si própria e o mundo que a rodeia, traduzindo essas noções ao nosso próprio sistema cognitivo. Berta Ribeiro acrescenta que “...não há contradição, mas íntima correlação, entre o cuidado do detalhe, próprio à descrição etnográfica, e avalidade e a generalidade que reivindicamos para o modelo construído a partir dela” (Ribeiro, 1987, p.23).
Aramanday guasu (Rhynchophorus palmarum) como alimento tradicional entre os Guarani Ñandéva na aldeia Pirajuí
Authors: Vera Cajetano , Brand Antonio
Published: September 2020

Os povos indígenas de modo geral são entomófágicos, os insetos sempre estiveram presentes na suas dietas. O processo de confinamento dos Guarani em pequenas áreas, como a da aldeia Pirajuí, onde foi realizada a pesquisa, inviabilizou a sustentabilidade no modelo cultural de uso da terra como fonte na produção primária de alimentos. Porém, a utilização de insetos como alimento está presente nesta comunidade. Para avaliar o conhecimento do uso das larvas de besouros como alimento, procurou-se detectar as informações disponíveis através de entrevistas e trabalho de campo na comunidade. Também, utilizou-se substratos de Palmaceae, Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd., para atrair os besouros e identificá-los. Assim foi possível a identificação taxonômica da espécie Rhynchophorus palmarum, conhecido como Aramanday Guasu. Os Guarani de Pirajuí dominam as informações sobre essa importante fonte alimentar.
AS CULTURAS INFANTIS NA DIVERSIDADE DOS CONTEXTOS: UM ESTUDO DA CRIANÇA NA ALDEIA CANUANÃ
Authors: Polese Nathalia Cunha , Pádua Karla Cunha
Published: September 2020

RESUMO: A proposta do texto é focar nosso olhar na singularidade dos contextos sociais e culturais em que vivem as crianças no mundo contemporâneo, partindo da problematização do conceito de socialização, central nesta fase da vida. As crianças são pensadas como atores sociais, que tem cultura própria e formas próprias de perceber o universo em que vivem. Tendo em vista este novo paradigma que se desenvolveu a partir dos anos 90, buscamos compreender a infância indígena, apresentando dados coletados por meio de pesquisa etnográfica na aldeia Canuanã, em Formoso do Araguaia, no Tocantins. Perambulando com elas pelos espaços da aldeia, as crianças indígenas nos mostraram que constroem junto a seus pares um universo que lhes é ímpar, em diálogo com as instituições socioculturais que estruturam a vida coletiva. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Culturas Infantis, Infância Indígena, Socialização.
Cultura viva – modos de descolonizar a caatinga a partir da relação entre flores e pássaros
Authors: Herbetta Alexandre Ferraz
Published: September 2020

Este texto busca problematizar a situação de crise existente na caatinga alagoana a partir da comparação entre concepções de mundo e território evidenciadas nas atividades produtivas comumente efetivadas por não indígenas e nas concepções de mundo e território de indígenas Kalankó. Esse povo vive no sertão alagoano, na região da caatinga e busca superar uma série de dificuldades – entre elas a desertificação do bioma – para garantir uma vida digna à sua população. Nessa direção, propõe-se aqui que o conteúdo mitocosmológico presente nas letras dos cantos de toré Kalankó codifica noções e relações, presentes na ideia de cultura viva, que apresenta outra possibilidade para o manejo do bioma. O toré é um ritual musical que, muitas vezes, é analisado pela antropologia apenas como uma performance cultural, a qual marca diacriticamente a identidade indígena, reduzindo o potencial do rito. Neste texto, procura-se encará-lo como um ritual polissêmico, como em outras oportunidades ele é percebido. Busca-se, portanto, tomar o conhecimento Kalankó com valor político e epistêmico similar a uma epistemologia eurocêntrica, descolonizando a caatinga.
Do Manutata ao Uakíry: história indígena em um relato de viagem na Amazônia Ocidental (1887)
Authors: Pessoa Cliverson
Published: September 2020

O coronel Labre atravessou do Rio Madre deDios (Manutata) ao Rio Acre (Uakíry) em 1887. As descrições feitas pelo viajante informam sobre a situação de diversos grupos indígenas, seus caminhos, malocas/tabas e templos sagrados, registrados na língua dos próprios povos que habitavam a região. Este artigo propõe uma leitura desses dados históricos com enfoque na localização dos etnônimos e topônimos. O objetivo é reunir as informações históricas e etnográficas dos grupos indígenas que podem ser avaliadas à luz da antropologia, linguística e arqueologia.
A Study of Contact Interface for an Anti-Rotation Rivet Using Ultrasonic Detection
Authors: Yao Chuang Wen , Cheng Hsueh Chih
Published: September 2020

This work measures the contact area between an anti-rotation rivet and an aluminum plate under different riveting loads based on the regional scanning of ultrasound. The contact image is a novel disclosure for the anti-rotation rivet contact. The 2D maps show an apparent change not only in area sizes but also in contact shapes under various normal forces applied. The 3D contact images also provide useful information to show the intensity of contact. The contact area between the anti-rotation rivet and the aluminum is calculated using an image analysis software package. The range of contact areas varies from 6.3 mm2 to 57.2 mm2, depending on the applied forces and the definition of the contrast ratio. Furthermore, a calibration of data fitting is performed to provide a useful polynomial equation for contact area estimation. In addition, maps of both a reflection coefficient and a pressure contour distribution are presented. The range of peak contact pressure varies from 7.1 MPa to 11.2 MPa.
Small Molecule Stabilization of Non-native Protein-Protein Interactions of SARS-CoV-2 N Protein as a Mechanism of Action against COVID-19
Authors: Lavecchia Martin , Fernandez Julian
Published: September 2020

The outbreak of COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, continues to affect millions of people around the world. The absence of a globally distributed effective treatment makes the exploration of new mechanisms of action a key step to address this situation. Stabilization of non-native Protein-Protein Interactions (PPIs) of the nucleocapsid protein of MERS-CoV has been reported as a valid strategy to inhibit viral replication. In this study, the applicability of this unexplored mechanism of action against SARS-CoV-2 is analyzed. During our research, we were able to find three inducible interfaces of SARS-CoV-2 N protein NTD, compare them to the previously reported MERS-CoV stabilized dimers, and identify those residues that are responsible for their formation. A drug discovery protocol implemented consisting of docking, molecular dynamics and MM-GBSA enabled us to find several compounds that might be able to exploit this mechanism of action. In addition, a common catechin skeleton was found among many of these molecules, which might be useful for further drug design. We consider that our findings could motivate future research in the fields of drug discovery and design towards the exploitation of this previously unexplored mechanism of action against COVID-19.
Multi-Morbidity and Polypharmacy in Older People: Challenges and Opportunities for Clinical Practice
Authors: Aggarwal Pritti , Woolford Stephen , Patel Harnish
Published: September 2020

Multi-morbidity and polypharmacy are common in older people and pose a challenge for health and social care systems especially in context of global population ageing. They are complex and interrelated concepts in the care of older people that require early detection and patient centred decision making that are underpinned by the principles of multidisciplinary led comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA). Personalised care plans need to remain responsive and adaptable to the needs of a patient, enabling an individual to maintain their independence.
Recovery and Reuse of Chromium Ions from Tannery Wastewater by Precipitation Reaction Method
Authors: TABIDI MOHAMMED
Published: September 2020

Abstract The global concern about the leather industries is increasing as the leather industries grow bigger each year. These industries face a very challenging task with an increase in stringent pollution control regulation enforced by various bodies due to environmental concern and human risks. The chromium salts are the most widely used chemical for the tanning process in leather industries, about 35% of chromium used for the tanning process remain as metal and discharge to wastewater stream. The removal and recovery of this quantity of wasted chromium are necessary for environmental pollution control and economic reason. This paper sheds light on the chromium recovery and reuse system of Chromium salts in tanning wastewater by using NaOH as an effective chemical precipitation method to regenerate chromium solution, adapted chrome recovery plant, and evaluated the system technically and economically.
Evaluating Adherence to Medical Therapy in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure: Design and First Results of the COMPLIANCE Study
Authors: Martsevich S. Yu. , Guseynova E. T. , Kutishenko N. P. , Lukina Yu. V. , Tolpygina S. N. , Voronina V. P. , Blagodatskih S. V.
Published: September 2020

Aim. To study the adherence of doctors to the guidelines for the treatment of chronic heart failure (СHF) and the adherence of patients with СHF to the therapy prescribed by doctors.

Material and methods. The COMPLIANCE study is an integral part of the PROFILE registry of the specialized cardiology division of the research center. The study includes patients with verified CHF who were previously observed in the PROFILE registry and patients with CHF who have been newly seeking medical care in the period from December 01, 2019 to December 31, 2020. At the first visit, the initial therapy was evaluated, treatment adherence was determined, and treatment was corrected in accordance with current guidelines. The second visit will also assess patient adherence to treatment, assess the factors of non-adherence and complications of diseases during the year of follow-up.

Results. The first 30 case-records of patients with CHF included into the study were analyzed. 90% of patients received angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI)/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB). Beta-blockers (BB) were prescribed to 96.7% of patients, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) – to 76.7% of patients, and some of them received MRAs at ejection fraction >35%. It was found that the overall adherence of patients according to the adherence scale of the Russian National Society of Evidence-Based Pharmacotherapy (NSEPh) was significantly lower than the adherence to specific drugs. The worst was adherence to ACEI (71%) and MRAs (77%), higher – to BB (86%). The most common factors of non-adherence to treatment, according to the first results, are a large number of medications and a complex medication regimen.

Conclusion. The first part of the COMPLIANCE study showed a relatively good adherence of doctors to current guidelines. However, the choice of the drug and its doses did not always correspond to evidence-based medicine data, existing guidelines and summary of product characteristics (SmPC) of specific drugs. The patients adherence to the prescribed therapy was not bad (this can be explained by long-term follow-up in specialized centers), but it was different for different drugs. The worst adherence was registered to the ACEI/ARB. This is warning factor, since these drugs make a significant contribution to improving the long-term outcome of CHF.
The country where teachers are honorable Syrdarya region of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Authors: Kizi Orifjonova Nigora Rahimjon , Kizi Maftunakhon Nematova Alisher
Published: September 2020

Paper investigates major points and status quo of the teachers in Uzbekistan. In this article attention for the teachers of Uzbekistan and works had been done in this sphere were examined. On this way, The country where teachers are honorable Syrdarya region of the republic of Uzbekistan
Strategi Pembinaan Aktivitas Keagamaan Siswa di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Insan Cendekia (MAN-IC) Kabupaten Paser
Authors: Amirullah Amirullah
Published: September 2020

As an attempt to create a balance between intellectual and spiritual quotients among students, the ministry of religious affairs of Indonesia has initiated a flagship program of Madrasah Aliyah (MA) Unggulan applying boarding school system for all the students. This paper, thus, aims at understanding the strategy of religious coaching at state-funded MA Insan Cendekia in Paser Regency as one of the Indonesian Ministry of Religious Affairs’ pilot program. This paper utilizes qualitative approach in analyzing data acquired through in-depth interviews with teachers and administrators at the school (MAN Insan Cendekia Paser). Findings reveal that the strategy of religious coaching applied by the school is the manifestation of its motto; performance, autonomy, and Islamic piety. The motto is translated into inspirational teacher program aimed at constructing students’ autonomy through religious, organizational, and instructional programs.Keywords: coaching strategy, madrassa students, and religious coaching.
The Ecological Balance of Nature: Identifying Stasis and Growth in Late Cretaceous Planktonic Foraminifera from ODP Hole 690C (Weddell Sea)
Authors: Buzas Martin A. , Hayek Lee-Ann C. , Huber Brian T.
Published: September 2020

The ecological balance of nature is defined as an equilibrium between species richness (S) and species evenness (E) such that diversity (H) remains constant with time. Based on this definition, our approach identifies growth or decline in communities as perturbations from stasis and has successfully done so for benthic foraminiferal communities. Here, we examine whether this approach is appropriate for planktonic foraminifera. To do so, we utilized planktonic foraminiferal counts (39 samples, 66% recovery) from Maastrichtian sediments in the Weddell Sea from ODP Hole 690C. A total of 24 species were observed and both >63-µm and >150-µm fractions were counted. In the >63-µm fraction, nine communities were recognized while in the >150-µm fraction, there were 12. In both fractions at 70.45 Ma, a boundary was recognized and immediately after this boundary, a community in growth was identified. A trend of increasing diversity upcore was substantiated by regression on individual samples. For our purposes, the >150-µm fraction in this data set is sufficient to recognize community trends. The >150-µm fraction in Hole 690C has 82% of the sampling time in stasis and an average time per community is 0.85 Ma. The >63-µm fraction has 73% of the sampling time in stasis and an average time per community of 1.02 Ma.
A Sand-Arch Stability Constrained Dynamic Fractal Wormhole Growth Model for Simulating Cold Heavy-Oil Production with Sand
Authors: Yu Haisheng , Leung Juliana Y.
Published: September 2020

Cold heavy-oil production with sand (CHOPS) is a nonthermal primary process that is widely adopted in many weakly consolidated heavy-oil deposits around the world. However, only 5 to 15% of the initial oil in place is typically recovered. Several solvent-assisted schemes are proposed as follow-up strategies to increase the recovery factor in post-CHOPS operations. The development of complex, heterogeneous, high-permeability channels or wormholes during CHOPS renders the analysis and scalability of these processes challenging. One of the key issues is how to properly estimate the dynamic growth of wormholes during CHOPS. Existing growth models generally offer a simplified representation of the wormhole network, which, in many cases, is denoted as an extended wellbore. Despite it being commonly acknowledged that wormhole growth due to sand-arch failure is likely to follow fractal statistics, there are no established workflows to incorporate sand-arch stability constraints into the construction of these fractal wormhole patterns.

A novel dynamic wormhole growth model is developed to generate a set of realistic fractal wormhole networks during the CHOPS operations. It offers an improvement to the diffusion limited aggregation (DLA) algorithm with a sand-arch stability criterion. The outcome is a fractal pattern that mimics a realistic wormhole growth path, with sand-arch failure and fluidization being controlled by sand-arch stability constraints. The fractal pattern is updated dynamically by coupling compositional flow simulation on a locally refined grid and a stability criterion for the sand arch: the wormhole would continue expanding following the fractal pattern, provided that the pressure gradient at the tip exceeds the limit corresponding to a sand-arch stability criterion. Important transport mechanisms including foamy oil (nonequilibrium exsolution of gas) and sand-arch failure are integrated.

Public field data for several CHOPS fields in Canada are used to examine the results of the dynamic wormhole growth model and flow simulations. For example, the sand production history is used to estimate a practical range for the critical pressure gradient representative of the sand-arch stability criterion. The oil and sand production histories show good agreement with the modeling results.

In many CHOPS or post-CHOPS modeling studies, constant wormhole intensity is commonly assigned uniformly throughout the entire domain; as a result, the ensuing models are unlikely to capture the complex heterogeneous distribution of wormholes encountered in realistic reservoir settings. This work, however, proposes a novel model to integrate a set of statistical fractal patterns. The entire workflow has been readily integrated with commercial reservoir simulators, enabling it to be incorporated in practical field-scale operations design.
Upregulation of miR-205 induces CHN1 expression, which is associated with the aggressive behaviour of cervical cancer cells and correlated with lymph node metastasis
Authors: liu jianbing , li yunfeng , chen xihua , xu xiangbo , zhao haoqi , wang shufang , hao jianqing , he bin , liu shuyan , wang jiedong
Published: September 2020

Background: Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. However, the mechanisms mediating the development and progression of cervical cancer are unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the roles of microRNAs and a1-chimaerin (CHN1) protein in cervical cancer progression. Methods: The expression of miR-205 and CHN1 protein was investigated by in situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry. We predicted the target genes of miR-205 using software prediction and dual luciferase assays. The expression of mRNAs and proteins was tested by qRT-PCR and western blotting respectively. The ability of cell growth, migration and invasion was evaluated by CCK-8 and transwell. Cell apoptosis was analysed by flow cytometry analysis. Results: We found that miR-205 and CHN1 were highly expressed in human cervical cancer tissue compared with paired normal cervical tissues. The CHN1 gene was shown to be targeted by miR-205 in HeLa cells. Interestingly, transfection with miR-205 mimic upregulated CHN1 mRNA and protein, while miR-205 inhibitor downregulated CHN1 in high-risk and human papilloma virus (HPV)-negative human cervical cancer cells in vitro,. These data suggested that miR-205 positively regulated the expression of CHN1. Furthermore, the miR-205 mimic promoted cell growth, apoptosis, migration, and invasion in high-risk and HPV-negative cervical cancer cells, while the miR-205 inhibitor blocked these biological processes. Knockdown of CHN1 obviously reduced the aggressive cellular behaviours induced by upregulation of miR-205, suggesting that miR-205 positively regulated CHN1 to mediate these cell behaviours during the development of cervical cancer. Furthermore, CHN1 was correlated with lymph node metastasis in clinical specimens.Conclusions: Our findings showed that miR-205 positively regulated CHN1 to mediate cell growth, apoptosis, migration, and invasion during cervical cancer development, particularly for high-risk HPV-type cervical cancer. These findings suggested that dysregulation of miR-205 and subsequent abnormalities in CHN1 expression promoted the oncogenic potential of human cervical cancer.
Research transparency promotion by surgical journals publishing randomised controlled trials: a survey
Authors: Lombard Nicolas , Gasmi Anis , Sulpice Laurent , Boudjema Karim , Naudet Florian , Bergeat Damien
Published: September 2020

Objective: To describe surgical journals’ position statements on data-sharing policies (primary objective) and to describe key features of their research transparency promotion.Methods: Only “SURGICAL” journals with an impact factor higher than 2 (Web of Science) were eligible for the study. They were included, if there were explicit instructions for clinical trial publication in the official instructions for authors, (OIA) and or if they had published randomized controlled trial (RCT) between 1st January 2016 and 31st December 2018. The primary outcome was the existence of a data-sharing policy included in the instructions for authors. Data sharing policies were grouped into 3 categories, inclusion of data sharing policy mandatory, optional or not available. Details on research transparency promotion were also collected, namely the existence of a “prospective registration of clinical trials requirement policy”; a conflict of interests (COIs) disclosure requirement and a specific reference to reporting guidelines, such as CONSORT for RCT. Results: Among the 87 surgical journals identified, 82 were included in the study: 67 (82%) had explicit instructions for RCT and the remaining 15 (18%) had published at least one RCT. The median impact factor was 2.98 [IQR=2.48-3.77] and in 2016 and 2017, the journals published a median of 11.5 RCT [IQR=5-20.75]. The OIA of four journals (5%) stated that the inclusion of a data sharing statement was mandatory, optional in 45% (n=37), and not included in 50% (n=41).No association was found between journal characteristics and the existence of data-sharing policies (mandatory or optional). A “prospective registration of clinical trials requirement” was associated with International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) allusion or affiliation and higher impact factors. Journals with specific RCT instructions in their OIA and journals referenced on the ICMJE website more frequently mandated the use of CONSORT guidelines. Conclusion: Research transparency promotion is still limited in surgical journals. Standardisation of journal requirements according to ICMJE guidelines could be a first step forward for research transparency promotion in surgery.
The incidence of stroke among selected patients undergoing elective posterior lumbar fusion: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Arena Patrick J , Mo Jingping , Sabharwal Charu , Begier Elizabeth , Zhou Xiaofeng , Gurtman Alejandra , Liu Qing , Shen Rongjun , Wentworth Charles , Huang Kui
Published: September 2020

Background: Although stroke is a rare complication among spinal surgery patients, the recognition of this adverse event is critical given the aging population undergoing surgical procedures. The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence of stroke among selected adults undergoing elective posterior lumbar fusion (PLF) during various post-operative risk windows and among different subgroups.Methods: A retrospective cohort study using a longitudinal electronic healthcare record (EHR) database was conducted from January 1, 2007 to June 30, 2018. Elective PLF, stroke, and select clinical characteristics were defined based on International Classification of Disease codes. Patients aged 18 to 85 years with ≥ 183 days of enrollment in the database prior to undergoing elective PLF were followed from the index date until the occurrence of stroke, death, loss to follow-up, or end of study period, whichever occurred first. The incidence of stroke was estimated in the following risk windows: index hospitalization, ≤ 30 days, ≤ 90 days, ≤ 180 days, and ≤ 365 days post-operationResults: A total of 43,063 patients were eligible for the study. The incidence of stroke following elective PLF was 0.29% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.25%, 0.35%) during index hospitalization, 0.44% (95% CI: 0.38%, 0.50%) ≤ 30 days, 0.59% (95% CI: 0.52%, 0.67%) ≤ 90 days, 0.76% (95% CI: 0.68%, 0.85%) ≤ 180 days, and 1.12% (95% CI: 1.03%, 1.23%) ≤ 365 days post-operation. Stratified analyses revealed that older patients had a higher incidence of stroke. Additionally, black patients had higher stroke incidences. Post-operative stroke incidence was higher among patients with a history of type 2 diabetes than among patients without such history; similarly, stroke incidence was higher among patients with a history of stroke compared to patients without such history.Conclusions: The incidence of stroke following elective PLF using an EHR database in this study is slightly higher than that reported in the literature. Our results suggest that stroke risk modification prior to PLF may be important for patients who are older, black, type 2 diabetic, and/or have a history of stroke.
Statistical Stopping Criteria for Automated Screening in Systematic Reviews
Authors: Callaghan Max , Müller-Hansen Finn
Published: September 2020

Active learning for systematic review screening promises to reduce the human effort required to identify relevant documents for a systematic review. Machines and humans work together, with humans providing training data, and the machine optimising the documents that the humans screen. This enables the identification of all relevant documents after viewing only a fraction of the total documents. However, current approaches lack effective stopping criteria, so that reviewers do not know when they have seen all or a certain proportion of relevant documents. This means that such systems are hard to implement in live reviews. This paper introduces a workflow with flexible statistical stopping criteria, which offer real work reductions on the basis of a given confidence level of reaching a given recall. The stopping criteria are shown on test datasets to achieve a reliable level of recall, while still providing work reductions of on average 17\%. Other methods proposed previously are shown to provide inconsistent recall and work reductions across datasets.
Interventions for prudent antibiotic use in primary healthcare: An econometric analysis
Authors: Lampi Elina , Carlsson Fredrik , Sundvall Pär-Daniel , Torres Marcela Jaime , Ulleryd Peter , Åhrén Christina , Jacobsson Gunnar
Published: September 2020

Background

Rational antibiotic prescribing is crucial to combat antibiotic resistance. Optimal strategies to improve antibiotic use are not known. Strama, the Swedish strategic program against antibiotic resistance, has been successful in reducing antibiotic prescription rates. This study investigates whether two specific interventions directed toward healthcare centers, an informational visit and a self-evaluation meeting, played a role in observed reduction in rates of antibiotic prescriptions in primary healthcare.

Methods

The study was a retrospective, observational, empirical analysis exploiting the variation in the timing of the interventions and considering past prescriptions through use of estimations from dynamic panel data models. Primary healthcare data from 2011 to 2014 were examined. Data were from public and private primary healthcare centers in western Sweden. The key variables were prescription of antibiotics and indicator variables for the two interventions.

Results

The first intervention, an educational information intervention, decreased the number of prescriptions among public healthcare centers, but this effect was only temporary. We found no proof that the second intervention, a self-evaluation meeting at the healthcare center, had an impact on the reduction of prescriptions.

Conclusions

Single educational interventions aimed at influencing rates of antibiotic prescriptions have limited impact. A multifaceted approach is needed in efforts to reduce the use of antibiotics in primary health care.
A data-driven approach to a chemotherapy recommendation model based on deep learning for patients with colorectal cancer in Korea
Authors: Park Jinhyeok , Lee KangYoon , Baek Jeong-Heum , Lee Youngho
Published: September 2020

Background: Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs) have recently attracted attention as a method for minimizing medical errors. Existing CDSSs are limited in that they do not reflect actual data. To overcome this limitation, we propose a CDSS based on deep learning.Methods: We propose the Colorectal Cancer Chemotherapy Recommender (C3R), which is a deep learning-based chemotherapy recommendation model. Our model improves on existing CDSSs in which data-based decision making is not well supported. C3R is configured to study the clinical data collected at the Gachon Gil Medical Center and to recommend appropriate chemotherapy based on the data. To validate the model, we compared the treatment concordance rate with the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Guidelines, a representative set of cancer treatment guidelines, and with the results of the Gachon Gil Medical Center’s Colorectal Cancer Treatment Protocol (GCCTP). Results: For the CR3 model, the treatment concordance rates with the NCCN guidelines were 70.5% for Top-1 Accuracy and 84% for Top-2 Accuracy. The treatment concordance rates with the GCCTP were 57.9% for Top-1 Accuracy and 77.8% for Top-2 Accuracy. Conclusions: This model is significant, i.e., it is the first colon cancer treatment clinical decision support system in Korea that reflects actual data. In the future, if sufficient data can be secured through cooperation among multiple organizations, more reliable results can be obtained.
The prevalence and immunological features of anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody in patients with HIV
Authors: Wang Wenjing , Jia Xiao-yu Jia , Cui Zhao , Chen Yan , Wang Wei , Lou Jin-li , Zhao Ming-hui , Ying Sun
Published: September 2020

Background: Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease (GBM) is an autoimmune disease caused by the deposition of circulating anti-GBM antibodies. Non-collagen region of α3 chain of type IV collagen (α3(IV)NC1) is one of the main target antigens, in which EA and EB are the most classical antigen epitopes. It has been reported that anti-GBM antibodies can be detected in HIV patients; however, its immunological characteristics are still unclear. Objectives: In this study, the positive rate of the anti-GBM antibodies in HIV and the immunological characteristics of the target antigens were clarified. Methods: A total of 93 HIV patients diagnosed in Beijing Youan Hospital from November 2017 to January 2018 were included. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the serum IgG autoantibodies specifically against GBM in these patients, as well as their subtypes and antigen spectra.Results: It was found that five out of the 93 patients with HIV had low to moderate levels of anti-GBM antibodies. However, these patients presented with no clinical manifestation of any kidney injury or pulmonary hemorrhages. Compared with HIV patients with negative antibodies, there were no significant differences in gender, age, CD4+T cell count and HIV viral load. All sera of five patients recognized non-collagenous domain1 (NC1) of alpha 3 chain of type IV collagen [(α3(IV)NC1] as classic anti-GBM patients, followed by α5(IV)NC1. The antibodies against α3(IV)NC1 were IgG3 predominant, while these antibodies did not react with either of the classic epitopes on α3 (EA and EB).Conclusion: These data suggest a distinct immunological profile of anti-GBM antibodies in patients with HIV, and might explain the non-pathogenic features of HIV associated anti-GBM antibodies.
Magnitude of Turnover Intention and Associated Factors Among Nurses Working in Emergency Departments of Governmental Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A cross sectional institutional based study.
Authors: Aniley Andualem Wubetie , Taye Biniyam , Girma Biruk
Published: September 2020

Background: Turnover intention is a probability of an employee to leave the current institution within a certain period due to various factors. It is the strongest predictor of actual turnover expected to increase as the intention increases. Emergency Department (ED) nurses are especially vulnerable to turnover because of their increased potential for developing burnout and compassion fatigue with the work environment has a great role. The aim of this study was to assess nurses’ intention to leave their current health institution and associated factors in emergency departments of selected governmental hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted on 102 nurses in three selected governmental hospitals, Addis Ababa from February 19 to March 31, 2018, using a structured pre-tested self-administered questionnaire. Logistic regression model was used and adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was calculated to identify associated factors.Result: A total of 102 respondents were involved with a response rate of 91.1%. Among them, 79 (77.5%) respondents had the intention to leave the current working unit of the emergency department or hospital. Significant predictive factors of nurses' intention to leave their institutions are educational status (adjusted odds ratio (OR) =4.700, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.033- 50.772; p<0.048), monthly income of less than 3145 Birr (adjusted OR=6.05, 95% CI=1.056-34.641; p<0.043) and professional autonomy (adjusted OR=0.191, 95% CI=0.040- 0.908; p<0.037).Conclusion: More than 77% of the respondents has intention to leave their current working place of emergency unit. Educational status, monthly income and autonomy were significantly associated with emergency nurses’ turnover intention in three governmental hospitals. Emergency leaders and hospital managers should have made efforts to enhance nurses' decision making for patient care activities and shared decision overwork or unit related activities.
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the calmodulin-binding transcription activator (CAMTA) gene family in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Yang Fan , Dong Fushuang , Hu Fanghui , Liu Yongwei , Chai Jianfang , Zhao He , Lv Mengyu , Zhou Shou
Published: September 2020

Background: Plant calmodulin-binding transcription activator (CAMTA) proteins play important roles in hormone signal transduction, developmental regulation, and environmental stress tolerance. However, in wheat, the CAMTA gene family has not been systematically characterized. Results: In this work, 15 wheat CAMTA genes were identified using a genome-wide search method. Their chromosome location, physicochemical properties, subcellular localization, gene structure, protein domain, and promoter cis-elements were systematically analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis classified the TaCAMTA genes into three groups (groups A, B, and C), numbered 7, 6, and 2, respectively. The results showed that most TaCAMTA genes contained stress-related cis-elements. Finally, to obtain tissue-specific and stress-responsive candidates, the expression profiles of the TaCAMTAs in various tissues and under biotic and abiotic stresses were investigated. Tissue-specific expression analysis showed that all of the 15 TaCAMTA genes were expressed in multiple tissues with different expression levels, as well as under abiotic stress, the expressions of each TaCAMTA gene could respond to at least one abiotic stress. It also found that 584 genes in wheat genome were predicted to be potential target genes by CAMTA, demonstrating that CAMTA can be widely involved in plant development and growth, as well as coping with stresses. Conclusions: This work systematically identified the CAMTA gene family in wheat at the whole-genome-wide level, providing important candidates for further functional analysis in developmental regulation and the stress response in wheat.
Validity and reliability of a simplified food frequency questionnaire: A cross sectional study among physical health examination adults in southwest region of China
Authors: Cheng Zhengyan , Shuai Ping , Qiao Qichuan , Li Tingxin
Published: September 2020

Background: In China, many people are regarded suitable for participating in regular physical examination for diagnosis and prevention of diseases. Some simplified food frequency questionnaires have been designed and used; however, the accuracy of the questionnaire is absent. This study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of simplified food frequency questionnaire (SFFQ) used among adults undergoing physical examination in southwest region of China.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among physical health examination adults in the Southwest region of China. A total of 239 participants aged 20-65 were included from February 2019 to June 2019. The performance of SFFQ was evaluated by means of a three-day 24-hour dietary record (3R24). The relative validity and agreement was assessed by Pearson’s correlation and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC), respectively.Results: The median energy-adjusted ICC of food groups between SFFQ2 and SFFQ1 was 0.59 (range: 0.49-0.73) and the ICC of nutrients was 0.47(range: 0.39-0.76). The Pearson correlation showed a valid comparisons between SFFQ1 and 3R24, ranging from -0.086 to 0.93 for food and 0.21 to 0.71 for nutrition, respectively. The energy-adjustment slightly increased the correlation coefficients.Conclusions: The reliability and validity of SFFQ was acceptable, and it could be an appropriate dietary assessment tool for the future epidemiological studies conducted among physical health examination adults of southwest China.Trial registration:CHiCTR, ChiCTR1900020934, Registered 22 January 2019, http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=35414&htm=4.
Understanding access to professional healthcare among asylum seekers facing gender-based violence: a qualitative study from a stakeholder perspective
Authors: Sapia Mirjam Rodella , Wangmo Tenzin , Dagron Stéphanie , Elger Bernice S.
Published: September 2020

Background: When it comes to gender-based violence (GBV), migrant women and girls represent the most vulnerable group. GBV can happen at any stage of migrants’ flight and/or during the asylum process. It has severe consequences on their life and health. Victims therefore need timely access to healthcare. This study explores the context GBV victims face when they seek refuge in Switzerland. Methods: Qualitative methodology was used where we conducted five semi-structured focus groups and three interviews. A total of sixteen stakeholders participated in the study. They were either involved in the asylum process or provided healthcare to asylum seekers. We analyzed the data using framework analysis.Results: Study participants noted lack of confidence of the GBV victims in the legal and in the healthcare systems as major barriers to disclosure of GBV. Since only GBV exerted before fleeing the home country gives the right to asylum, they pointed out that victims do not disclose GBV that took place after they left their home country. Language was identified as a barrier to disclosure of GBV as well as to healthcare access. Continuity of care at the moment of transfer from federal to cantonal (i.e. state) accommodations is another issue that was deemed critical. Study participants felt that health professionals must be trained to identify GBV victims. The first-contact caregiver available to these victims was deemed as the most competent professional that could act as a “GBV coordinator”.Conclusion: In Switzerland, access to healthcare is guaranteed to all asylum seekers on a legal and structural level. Yet, health seeking by GBV survivors is hindered by factors such as lack of confidence in the legal system, trust in health providers, and continuity of care during the asylum process. Building trust in legal institutions, health structures, and professionals should be enhanced to facilitate disclosure and to strengthen resilience. This includes a healthcare system with competent professionals, support with language and cultural needs, as well as seamless continuity of care beyond cantonal borders.