bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bronchiolar adenoma/ciliated muconodular papillary tumor complicated by lymphoid interstitial pneumonia in a patient with Sjögren's disease: A case report and systematic review
Authors: Çağan Pinar , Kimiaei Ali , Safaei Seyedehtina , Youcefi Houssam Eddine , Abu Saadeh Alara , Yaman Feride , Yapıcıer Özlem , Kutlu Cemal Asim
Published: August 2024

Bronchiolar adenoma (BA)/ciliated muconodular papillary tumor (CMPT) is a rare pulmonary neoplasm, with less than 150 cases documented in the literature. We report a unique case of BA/CMPT complicated by lymphoid interstitial pneumonia (LIP) in a 55‐year‐old male with Sjögren's disease. This is the first documented instance of such a comorbidity. Through a systematic review of PubMed, we also summarize the demographic, clinical, radiological, histopathological, and treatment characteristics of CMPT.
An overview of outputs of Aboriginal‐ and Torres Strait Islander‐related publications from University Departments of Rural Health in Australia; 2010–2021
Authors: Thompson Sandra C. , Taylor Emma V. , Hoang Ha , Hall Lisa , Sangelaji Bahram , Green Charmaine , Lethborg Carolyn , Hutchinson Joanne
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Disparities in the health of Indigenous people and in the health of rural populations are well described. University Departments of Rural Health (UDRHs) in Australia are federally funded under a program to address ongoing challenges with health workforce distribution for rural and remote areas. They have a significant role in research in regional, rural and remote areas, including research related to Indigenous health. However, a comprehensive analysis of their contributions to original Indigenous health related to Indigenous health is lacking.

Objective

This study examines the contributions of UDRHs to Indigenous issues through analysis of publications of UDRHs focused on Indigenous health during the period 2010–2021.

Design

This paper examines a database of UDRH Indigenous‐related publications from 2010 to 2021.

Findings

A total of 493 publications to which UDRHs contributed were analysed, including 354 original research articles. Health services research was the most common category, followed by epidemiology and papers exploring Indigenous culture and health. While health services research substantially increased over the period, the numbers of original research papers specifically focused on Indigenous workforce issues, whether related to Indigenous people, students or existing workforce was relatively small.

Discussion

This broad overview shows the nature and trends in Indigenous health research by UDRHs and makes evident a substantial contribution to Indigenous health research, reflecting their commitment to improving the health and well‐being of Indigenous communities.

Conclusions

The analysis can help direct future efforts, and future analyses should delve deeper into the impact of this research and further engage Indigenous researchers.
The effects of mortality salience on perceived risk and trust in the managing bodies of nuclear power: The moderating effect of nuclear power support
Authors: Tsujikawa Norifumi
Published: August 2024

Public concern regarding nuclear power has arisen due to accidents involving radiation leakages, natural disasters, terrorism, war and other incidents. That is, people's concerns regarding the use of nuclear power have grown as situations that threaten their survival have increased. This study uses terror management theory to examine how mortality salience affects people's risk perception and trust in the managing bodies of nuclear power. The results of Study 1 and Study 2 revealed that when the level of support for nuclear power is low, the effect of mortality salience increases trust in the managing bodies. Study 2's findings reveal mortality salience leads to decreased risk perception of nuclear power. In the case of risks that are managed by others and that are difficult to understand, such as nuclear power, people tend to place higher value on the managing bodies because they cannot handle the risk themselves. These results highlight the changes in people's perceptions of nuclear power managing bodies when they are conscious of death and provide important information on the nature of communication between citizens and experts regarding nuclear power.
How does employee voice influence empowering leadership? The effects of voice tactics and gender
Authors: Yang Yunyue , Zhang Sen
Published: August 2024

Although there is considerable evidence that empowering leadership is beneficial to individuals, teams, and organizations, a few studies have examined the antecedents of empowering leadership behaviour itself. To address this gap, this research examines the predictors of empowering leadership in terms of subordinate behaviours and traits. Based on signalling theory and role‐based followership theory, we predict that employee voice expressed in rational appeals is more likely to enhance managerial attributions of employee proactivity compared to emotional appeals, which leads to increased empowering leadership. Furthermore, we propose that this is especially true when the subordinate is female rather than male. To test these hypotheses, we conducted a scenario‐based experiment across two distinct cultural settings, Japan and the United Kingdom. The results from both countries support all hypotheses; our findings provide not only theoretical implications for research on empowering leadership, voice behaviour, and gender, but also several practical implications for subordinates and supervisors.
Multimodal profiling of biostabilized human skin modules reveals a coordinated ecosystem response to injected mRNA‐1273 COVID‐19 vaccine
Authors: Scholaert Manon , Peries Mathias , Braun Emilie , Martin Jeremy , Serhan Nadine , Loste Alexia , Bruner Audrey , Basso Lilian , Chaput Benoît , Merle Eric , Descargues Pascal , Pagès Emeline , Gaudenzio Nicolas
Published: August 2024

Background

The field of drug development is witnessing a remarkable surge in the development of innovative strategies. There is a need to develop technological platforms capable of generating human data prior to progressing to clinical trials.

Methods

Here we introduce a new flexible solution designed for the comprehensive monitoring of the natural human skin ecosystem's response to immunogenic drugs over time. Based on unique bioengineering to preserve surgical resections in a long survival state, it allows for the first time a comprehensive analysis of resident immune cells response at both organ and single‐cell levels.

Results

Upon injection of the mRNA‐1273 COVID‐19 vaccine, we characterized precise sequential molecular events triggered upon detection of the exogenous substance. The vaccine consistently targets DC/macrophages and mast cells, regardless of the administration route, while promoting specific cell–cell communications in surrounding immune cell subsets.

Conclusion

Given its direct translational relevance, this approach provides a multiscale vision of genuine human tissue immunity that could pave the way toward the development of new vaccination and drug development strategies.
Hands labouring for safety: Mediated intimacy in influencer communities on Instagram
Authors: Heřmanová Marie
Published: August 2024

The article explores how digital images of hands are used as a symbolic representation of intimacy and intimate emotions in influencer communication on Instagram. Based on digital ethnography with female influencers in the Czech Republic, the analysis focuses on three categories of communicative practices, where hands function as a visual representation of intimacy—creating community, a sense of vulnerability, and the notion of rawness and openness. The analysis points to the gendered nature of influencer communication. It explores how intimacy is established specifically by women influencers who need to navigate vulnerability with the need to protect themselves against gender‐based online violence in the form of hate comments and sexualized hate speech.
Touch in digitalized worlds: An introduction
Authors: Broch Tuva Beyer , Varma Saiba
Published: August 2024

The English word digital (from the Latin, digitus) etymologically connects both fingers and technologies. In this special issue, we honor this dual meaning of the digital by foregrounding how living in a digital era both challenges and actualizes our senses, particularly our sense of touch. Ethnographically, the articles gathered offer intimate accounts of tactile experiences that intertwine with the digital in both direct and indirect ways. Despite ongoing—and often legitimate—anxieties about the disappearance of touch from our increasingly digitized world, our special issue shows that human engagements with digital technologies are more complex. We theorize touch through a phenomenological and relational lens and as a sensory experience that is deeply shaped and reconfigured by local, sociotechnical and political‐economic concerns. This special issue illuminates how attention to hands, fingers, or touch can help us understand the relationship between bodies, ethical life, social relations, selves, and subjectivities through a new lens.
Reflections on a healthy discipline: Celebrating 50 years of health geography within the Royal Geographical Society
Authors: Lowe Thomas A. , Harrod Andy , Gorman Richard , Asker Chloe , Auerbach Jeremy
Published: August 2024

This article introduces a special section comprising papers examining the evolution, current state and potential futures of the subdiscipline of health geography. Geographers’ engagement with ‘health’ has transformed from a strict rooting in the ‘(bio)medical’, coinciding with, and contributing to, a paradigm shift emphasising a recognition of health as multifaceted and shaped by everyday experiential spatial practices, rhythms and identities. The development of this area of geographic scholarship, we argue, has been inextricably linked to the simultaneous growth of the Geographies of Health and Wellbeing Research Group (GHWRG) of the Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers), founded in 1972. Celebrating this golden jubilee, the Research Group initiated a project reflecting on how geographical knowledge on health has been produced and the networks that have influenced thinking. This coincided with an additional anniversary, the twentieth iteration of the ‘Emerging and New Researchers in the Geographies of Health & Impairment’, a conference developed to support new conversations relating to geographical scholarship around ‘health’, playing an important role in the development of ideas, scholarship and community since its inception in 1994. In introducing this special section, we underscore the importance of geographic interrogations of health for addressing contemporary challenges and providing interdisciplinary contributions. The articles in the collection delve into conceptual, theoretical and methodological developments that have shaped health geography, featuring work showcasing the breadth and depth of research within the subdiscipline. Complementing these empirical pieces, the special section traces the history of the GHWRG and its contributions, alongside interviews and conversations with scholars who have played pivotal roles in shaping the evolution of the subdiscipline. Overall, we are keen to celebrate health geography scholarship, question how academic networks shape thinking about interrelationships between health and place, and reflect on potential future directions for geographical scholarship on health and wellbeing.
Haematopoietic regeneration by HLA‐A*0206‐deficient clones in severe aplastic anaemia without definitive immunosuppressive treatment
Authors: Zaimoku Yoshitaka , Sakai Kazuya , Tsuji Noriaki , Hosomichi Kazuyoshi , Yamada Shinya , Tran Dung Cao , Kobayashi Miku , Sugiyama Ayana , Hirayasu Kouyuki , Mizumaki Hiroki , Ishiyama Ken , Hanayama Rikinari , Tomiyama Yoshiaki , Nakao Shinji
Published: August 2024

We describe the case of a 74‐year‐old man with severe aplastic anaemia who experienced persistent remission attributed to proliferation of HLA allele‐deficient clones. Despite an initial worsening of pancytopenia with eltrombopag and ciclosporin treatment, gradual trilineage haematopoietic recovery occurred, with blood counts normalizing over 3 years. Flow cytometry and deep nucleotide sequencing revealed that haematopoiesis was primarily supported by several clones with somatic mutations that inactivated antigen presentation via HLA‐A*0206. This suggests that monitoring haematopoietic regeneration by immune escape clones could be an alternative approach for immune aplastic anaemia patients who possess HLA allele‐deficient clones and cannot tolerate standard therapy.
Chromatin lysine acylation: On the path to chromatin homeostasis and genome integrity
Authors: Chen Feng , He Xingkai , Xu Wenchao , Zhou Linmin , Liu Qi , Chen Weicheng , Zhu Wei‐Guo , Zhang Jun
Published: August 2024

The fundamental role of cells in safeguarding the genome's integrity against DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs) is crucial for maintaining chromatin homeostasis and the overall genomic stability. Aberrant responses to DNA damage, known as DNA damage responses (DDRs), can result in genomic instability and contribute significantly to tumorigenesis. Unraveling the intricate mechanisms underlying DDRs following severe damage holds the key to identify therapeutic targets for cancer. Chromatin lysine acylation, encompassing diverse modifications such as acetylation, lactylation, crotonylation, succinylation, malonylation, glutarylation, propionylation, and butyrylation, has been extensively studied in the context of DDRs and chromatin homeostasis. Here, we delve into the modifying enzymes and the pivotal roles of lysine acylation and their crosstalk in maintaining chromatin homeostasis and genome integrity in response to DDRs. Moreover, we offer a comprehensive perspective and overview of the latest insights, driven primarily by chromatin acylation modification and associated regulators.
Physical function is associated with cognitive status, brain amyloid‐beta deposition, and blood biomarkers in Chinese Han population
Authors: Guo Yuhuai , Huang Lin , Kuang Junliang , Sun Tao , Zhang Xiaoyan , Tian Haili , Xie Fang , Chen Tianlu , Guo Qihao
Published: August 2024

Background

The physical function of elderly individuals reflects whether they have had a history of regular physical activity over the long term. Such indicators have been found to have a certain connection with cognitive function these years. However, there is limited research that associates it with mechanisms such as cerebral Aβ deposition. We aim to investigate this relationship and unveil the underlying mechanisms.

Method

Physical function and cognition data of 4189 participants were obtained from the Chinese preclinical Alzheimer's disease study. Participants were divided into six groups according to disease severity. Among them, 1048 participants underwent the positron emission tomography‐computed tomography (PET‐CT) and plasma biomarker test. Grip strength and gait were combined into a score indicating physical function. Multiple linear regression models and logistic regression models were mainly used to conduct the analysis.

Results

There was a significant positive correlation between physical function and cognitive function (R = 0.48, p < 0.001), independent of sex, age, apolipoprotein E‐ε4 genotype, and disease stages (p < 0.001). Physical function was effective in distinguishing individuals with cognitive impairment from those without (AUC = 0.835). Physical function was negatively associated with brain Aβ deposition (p = 0.008) and brain Aβ had an intermediary effect (p < 0.01) on the association between physical function and cognition in women. This association was mainly evident in the lateral parietal, lateral temporal, posterior cingulate, frontal, occipital, and precuneus regions. Physical function was negatively associated with plasma neurofilament light‐chain (Nfl) level (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Physical function is strongly associated with cognitive function in the Chinese elderly, and brain Aβ deposition partly mediates the linkage in women. Plasma Nfl can be used as a potential target for exercise intervention in cognitive function. Improving physical function will contribute to the alleviation of cognition decline.
Rapid on‐site evaluation of fine‐needle aspiration specimens using cytotechnologist‐performed telecytology: Insights and advantages
Authors: Tinnirello Agata Angelita
Published: August 2024

With multiple health care centres expanding and implementing remotely controlled technologies, the role of cytopathology laboratories will become crucial in optimizing collection and assessment of small biopsy specimens for diagnosis and personalized treatment. Cytopathology services provide rapid assessments of samples obtained from fine‐needle aspirations and occasionally core needle biopsies (analysed by touch imprints). Over the past few decades, the cost barrier for hospitals, especially small ones, to support a cytopathologist or cytotechnologist for rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) has been reduced by the introduction of computerized microscopes that allow cytopathologists to perform ROSE without being present at the satellite laboratory (i.e. remotely). Utilization of the cytotechnologist's experience in ROSE alongside these technologies made it possible to perform ROSE with telecytology (ROSE‐TC), which positively impacts diagnosis and treatment and also lowers the cost of care. The satellite laboratories that successfully implemented ROSE‐TC operate with experienced cytotechnologists who, working independently between the cytopathology laboratory and the biopsy suite, prepare the smears and stain the slides on site for the distant cytopathologists, who can evaluate the slides remotely (usually from their office) simply using the facility intranet. This article aims to encourage big and small centres to use senior‐level cytotechnologists for both ROSE and ROSE‐TC. This article also defines different types of ROSE, explains our institution's approach to ROSE procedures, and outlines some experience‐driven considerations for successful ROSE‐TC and its future evolution.
Automatic tablet‐based monoplane quantification of stroke volume and left ventricular ejection fraction: A comparative assessment against computer‐based biplane and monoplane tools
Authors: de Raat Frederique M. , Bingley Peter , Bouwmeester Sjoerd , Felix Suzanne E. A. , Montenij Leon J. , Bouwman Arthur R.
Published: August 2024

Background

Point‐of‐care cardiovascular left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) quantification is established, but automatic tablet‐based stroke volume (SV) quantification with handheld ultrasound (HAND) devices is unexplored. We evaluated a tablet‐based monoplane LVEF and LV volume quantification tool (AutoEF) against a computer‐based tool (Tomtec) for LVEF and SV quantification.

Methods

Patients underwent HAND scans, and LVEF and SV were quantified using AutoEF and computer‐based software that utilized either apical four‐chamber views (Auto Strain‐monoplane [AS‐mono]) or both apical four‐chamber and apical two‐chamber views (Auto Strain‐biplane [AS‐bi]). Correlation and Bland–Altman analysis were used to compare AutoEF with AS‐mono and AS‐bi.

Results

Out of 43 participants, eight were excluded. AutoEF showed a correlation of .83 [.69:.91] with AS‐mono for LVEF and .68 [.44:.82] for SV. The correlation with AS‐bi was .79 [.62:.89] for LVEF and .66 [.42:.81] for SV. The bias between AutoEF and AS‐mono was 4.88% [3.15:6.61] for LVEF and 17.46 mL [12.99:21.92] for SV. The limits of agreement (LOA) were [−5.50:15.26]% for LVEF and [−8.02:42.94] mL for SV. The bias between AutoEF and AS‐bi was 6.63% [5.31:7.94] for LVEF and 20.62 mL [16.18:25.05] for SV, with LOA of [−1.20:14.47]% for LVEF and [−4.71:45.94] mL for SV.

Conclusion

LVEF quantification with AutoEF software was accurate and reliable, but SV quantification showed limitations, indicating non‐interchangeability with neither AS‐mono nor AS‐bi. Further refinement of AutoEF is needed for reliable SV quantification at the point of care.
Respiratory dysfunction in old mice could be related to inflammation and lung fibrosis induced by hyperphosphatemia
Authors: Asenjo‐Bueno Ana , Alcalde‐Estévez Elena , Olmos Gemma , Martínez‐Miguel Patricia , Ruiz‐Torres María Piedad , López‐Ongil Susana
Published: August 2024

Background

With age, lungs undergo typical changes that lead to a deterioration of respiratory function. Our aim was to assess the role of age‐associated hyperphosphatemia in these changes.

Methods

We used C57BL6 mice to study an ageing model in vivo and human lung fibroblasts were treated with a phosphate donor, beta‐glycerophosphate (BGP), to explore mechanisms involved. Respiratory function was registered with a double chamber plethysmograph. Lung structure was analysed by different staining, phosphate and cytokines levels by colorimeric kits, expression of fibrosis, inflammation and ET‐1 system by western blot or RT‐PCR.

Results

Old mice showed hyperphosphatemia, along with lung fibrosis, loss of elastin, increased expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and impaired respiratory function. BGP induced inflammation and fibrosis in fibroblasts through the activation and binding of NFkB to the MCP‐1 or FN promoters. BGP increased ECE‐1 expression by inducing NFkB binding to the ECE‐1 promoter. QNZ, an NFkB inhibitor, blocked these effects. When ECE‐1 was inhibited with phosphoramidon, BGP‐induced inflammation and fibrosis were significantly reduced, suggesting a role for ET‐1 in BGP‐mediated effects.ET‐1 produced effects similar to those of BGP, which were also dependent on NFkB. To study the pathophysiological relevance of hyperphosphatemia in vivo, a low‐P diet was administered to a group of old animals, showing an improvement in fibrosis, inflammation and respiratory function compared to old mice on a standard diet.

Conclusion

These results suggest that age‐related hyperphosphatemia induces inflammation, fibrosis, and impaired respiratory function in old mice; these effects appear to be mediated by ET‐1 and NFkB activation.
Depicting the landscape of research on teacher emotion in early childhood education: A systematic review
Authors: Qin Han , Schoeps Konstanze , Yin Hongbiao
Published: August 2024

Early childhood teachers' emotions have increasingly received the attention of researchers in the past decades. The present study conducted a systematic review of the research on early childhood teachers' emotions published in English up to 2022. Based on evidence from 103 empirical studies, the results presented the significant roles of early childhood teachers' emotions in teaching and learning in early childhood education. A conceptual model was developed to illustrate how early childhood teachers' emotions are viewed at the intrapersonal, interpersonal and sociocultural levels. Most of existing studies adopted quantitative methods to explore early childhood teachers' emotions at the intrapersonal level, and a strong link between research methods and research themes was revealed. Implications for future research are discussed.
Severity and organ distribution of graft‐versus‐host disease with post‐transplant cyclophosphamide versus calcineurin inhibitor plus methotrexate/mycophenolate mofetil or sirolimus in allogenic HLA‐matched or single‐allele mismatched stem cell transplantation
Authors: Redondo Sara , García‐Cadenas Irene , Esquirol Albert , Portos J. M. , Iranzo Eva , Arguello‐Tomas Miguel , Saavedra Silvana , Oñate Guadalupe , Caballero Ana‐Carolina , Garrido Ana , López Jordi , Muntañola Ana , Paviglianiti Annalisa , Miqueleiz Sara , Sierra Jorge , Briones Javier , Martino Rodrigo
Published: August 2024

Objective

This retrospective single center study aims to describe changes in the severity and organ‐specific distribution of GvHD, by comparing the outcomes of 3 distinct GvHD prophylaxis approaches.

Methods

Between January 2012 and June 2022, 226 patients underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from HLA‐matched or 1‐allele mismatched related or unrelated donors. Fifty‐eight (26%) received prophylaxis with calcineurin inhibitor in combination with mycophenolate mofetil or a short course of methotrexate (Cohort‐1), 87 (38%) tacrolimus plus sirolimus (Cohort‐2), and 81 (36%) post‐transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) plus tacrolimus (Cohort‐3).

Results

The incidence of grade II‐IV aGvHD was 69% vs. 41.4% vs. 27.2%; p < .01. The most significant reduction with PTCy was observed in both stage 3–4 skin and lower gastrointestinal (GI) involvement (p < .01). The incidence of moderate‐to‐severe cGvHD at 12 months was 34.5% vs. 34.5% vs. 6.2%; p < .01. Moderate‐to‐severe skin and GI cGvHD was less common after PTCy (p < .01). The 1‐year GvHD‐free/relapse‐free survival was higher with PTCy (p < .01).

Conclusions

Our study indicates that PTCy‐based GvHD prophylaxis reduces the frequency and severity of both acute and chronic GvHD, with a notable decrease in severe GI and cutaneous manifestations. The higher GRFS may result in lower GvHD‐related mortality, leading to an improved quality of life among survivors.
Presumed intraosseous abscess of the hard palate in a mare
Authors: DiRubio Mattisen L. , Wright Alexandra L. , Reesink Heidi L. , Pugliese Brenna R. , Earley Edward T. , Scrivani Peter V.
Published: August 2024

A 20‐year‐old Warmblood broodmare was admitted to evaluate bilateral nasal discharge (primarily left) and difficulty masticating grain, without weight loss. During oral endoscopy, thick purulent discharge (pus) was seen along the palatal gingival attachment of the left maxillary third and fourth premolars (207, 208 Triadan). Nasal endoscopy encountered difficulties owing to an expansile lesion at the level of the left ventral conchal bullae, preventing examination of caudal structures. This enlargement also displaced the nasal septum to the right, obstructing the right common nasal meatus at the level of the right ventral conchal bulla. Radiography localised the anomaly to the left maxillary region, extending over the apices of the left maxillary third and fourth premolars (Triadan 207, 208) and first molar (Triadan 209). The abnormality was large, solitary, round and delineated by a thin bony rim. Further characterisation through computed tomography showed suspected origination from the hard palate, specifically the palatine process of the left maxilla. The abnormality had a mixed attenuation later confirmed to represent gas, pus and feed material. The abnormality communicated with the oral and left nasal cavities and was associated with complete absence of alveolar and compact bone on the medial (palatal) aspect of 207, 208 and 209. Based on the purulent discharge and imaging findings, the abnormality was interpreted as a presumed intraosseous abscess of the hard palate with impacted foreign material and concurrent ipsilateral sinorhinitis and periodontitis. The abscess was debrided, and the horse was treated medically for osteomyelitis, sinorhinitis and periodontitis. All clinical signs resolved within 16 months post‐surgery, and the precise source of infection leading to abscess formation remained inconclusive. This case report underscores the role of advanced imaging in diagnosing horses with chronic nasal discharge and explores potential pathogenic mechanisms underlying the development of intraosseous abscesses of the hard palate.
Preclinical evidence of the anti‐inflammatory effect and toxicological safety of aryl‐cyclohexanone in vivo
Authors: Lubschinski Tainá Larissa , Pollo Luiz Antonio Escorteganha , de Oliveira Paula Giarola Fragoso , Nardino Luigi Arruda , Mohr Eduarda Talita Bramorski , da Silva Buss Ziliani , Sandjo Louis Pergaud , Biavatti Maique Weber , Daltoé Felipe Perozzo , Dalmarco Eduardo Monguilhott
Published: August 2024

Background

Respiratory distress syndrome is a complex inflammatory condition defined by the presence of acute hypoxemia and cellular infiltration with diffuse alveolar injury following a tissue injury, such as acute lung injury. The inflammatory process involved in this pathology is a defense mechanism of the body against infectious agents and/or tissue injuries. However, when the condition is not reversed, it becomes a significant cause of tissue damage, sometimes leading to loss of function of the affected organ. Therefore, it is essential to understand the mechanisms underlying inflammation, as well as the development of new therapeutic agents that reduce inflammatory damage in these cases. Aryl‐cyclohexanone derivatives have previously shown significant anti‐inflammatory activity linked to an immunomodulatory capacity in vitro and may be good candidates for therapies in which inflammation plays a central role.

Methods

Was evaluated the anti‐inflammatory capacity of a synthesized molecule aryl‐cyclohexanone in the murine model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced acute lung injury. The assessment of acute oral toxicity follows the Organization for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) guideline 423.

Results

The results demonstrated that the studied molecule protects against LPS‐induced inflammation. We observed a decrease in the migration of total and differential leukocytes to the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), in addition to a reduction in exudation, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, nitric oxide metabolites, and the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (alpha tumor necrosis factors [TNF‐α], interleukin‐6 [IL‐6], interferon‐gamma [IFN‐γ], and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 [MCP‐1]). Finally, aryl cyclohexanone did not show signs of acute oral toxicity (OECD 423).

Conclusions

The results prove our hypothesis that aryl‐cyclohexanone is a promising molecule for developing a new, safe anti‐inflammatory drug.
Diet Evolution and Body Temperature in Tetrapods: Cool Old Carnivores and Hot Young Herbivores
Authors: Saban Kristen E. , Wiens John J.
Published: August 2024

Aim

Diet is a key aspect of life in animals. There have been numerous independent origins of herbivorous diet across animals, but the factors that explain these origins remain poorly understood. One potentially crucial factor is body temperature (Tb), as the gut‐dwelling bacteria that help digest cellulose in many herbivores are thought to require high temperatures. However, analyses in birds, lizards and mammals found only limited evidence for higher Tb in herbivores than in carnivores. These analyses tested whether diet explains Tb evolution. Here, we focus instead on testing whether Tb helps explain the evolution of diet across tetrapods.

Location

Global.

Time Period

Past 350 million years.

Major Taxa Studied

Tetrapods.

Methods

We analysed 1712 species with matched data on diet and Tb using diverse phylogenetic methods.

Results

Ancestral reconstructions indicated that tetrapods likely had a carnivorous ancestor, followed by repeated transitions to omnivory and herbivory, especially in the last 110 million years. Thus, extant herbivorous lineages in tetrapods are relatively young, in contrast to many older carnivorous lineages. They are also relatively unstable in that reversals from herbivory back to omnivory and from omnivory back to carnivory were as frequent as the origins of herbivory and omnivory. Using phylogenetic logistic regression, we support the hypothesis that higher Tb helps explain the evolution of herbivory across tetrapods and within birds, mammals, lepidosaurs and turtles. Phylogenetic path analyses suggest that Tb generally drives the evolution of herbivory, and not vice versa. Our analyses also suggest that Tb is more important for the evolution of herbivory than large body size or diurnal diel activity, which are both significant predictors of herbivory in some cases.

Main Conclusions

Our results show for the first time that Tb is a significant predictor of diet evolution among and within many major animal clades.
Effect of web‐based education intervention on blood glucose control, self‐care and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes: A single‐blinded randomized controlled trial
Authors: Terkes Nurten , Bektas Hicran , Balci Mustafa Kemal
Published: August 2024

Aim

This study aimed to assess the effects of web‐based education on blood glucose control, self‐care and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

A single‐blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted in accordance with the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) checklist at a university hospital in Turkey. The study included 89 patients with type 2 diabetes who were randomly divided into an intervention group (44) and a control group (45). Participants in the intervention group participated in a 3‐month web‐based education programme.

Results

The findings indicated that there were no significant differences in sociodemographic characteristics and illness features between the intervention and control groups, and both were homogeneous. A statistically significant decrease of 0.71 was observed in the HbA1c (%) level of the intervention group following web‐based education. Following web‐based education, there was a significant difference in body mass index (kg/m2) and waist circumferences (cm) between the intervention and control groups. The intervention group displayed significantly improved self‐care and quality of life over the 3‐month period (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

This study suggests that web‐based education can enhance the self‐care and quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes.
On Frequency and Probability Weights: An In‐Depth Look at Duelling Weights
Authors: Lin Tuo , Chen Ruohui , Liu Jinyuan , Wu Tsungchin , Gui Toni T. , Li Yangyi , Huang Xinyi , Yang Kun , Chen Guanqing , Chen Tian , Strong David R. , Messer Karen , Tu Xin M.
Published: August 2024

Probability weights have been widely used in addressing selection bias arising from a variety of contexts. Common examples of probability weights include sampling weights, missing data weights, and propensity score weights. Frequency weights, which are used to control for varying variabilities of aggregated outcomes, are both conceptually and analytically different from probability weights. Popular software such as R, SAS and STATA support both types of weights. Many users, including professional statisticians, become bewildered when they see identical estimates, but different standard errors and ‐values when probability weights are treated as frequency weights. Some even completely ignore the difference between the two types of weights and treat them as the same. Although a large body of literature exists on each type of weights, we have found little, if any, discussion that provides head‐to‐head comparisons of the two types of weights and associated inference methods. In this paper, we unveil the conceptual and analytic differences between the two types of weights within the context of parametric and semi‐parametric generalised linear models (GLM) and discuss valid inference for each type of weights. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper that looks into such differences by identifying the conditions under which the two types of weights can be treated the same analytically and providing clear guidance on the appropriate statistical models and inference procedures for each type of weights. We illustrate these considerations using real study data.
Integrating Toe Brachial Index and longitudinal strain echocardiography for detecting coronary artery disease in patients with diabetic foot syndrome
Authors: Moayerifar Mani , Moayerifar Maziar , Mirdamadi Arian , Gholipour Mahboobeh , Ashoobi Mohammad Taghi , Hemmati Hosein , Yazdanipour Mohammad Ali , Radmoghadam Mahsa , Ghasemzadeh Golshan
Published: August 2024

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a common problem amongst diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) patients, associated with peripheral arterial disease. This analytic cross‐sectional study investigates the diagnostic efficacy of the Toe Brachial Index (TBI) in the detection of CAD in 62 DFS patients. The presence of CAD was assessed by longitudinal strain echocardiography, a sensitive method that provides a more accurate measure of intrinsic left ventricular contractility than left ventricular ejection fraction, especially in diabetic patients. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression identified CAD‐associated factors. Receiver operating characteristic curve evaluated TBI and toe pressure's diagnostic performance for CAD. p‐Values < 0.05 were considered significant. There was a significant association between TBI and CAD, with each 0.01 increase in TBI associated with a 15% decrease in the odds of CAD development (odds ratio = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.72–0.99, p = 0.039). TBI demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.854, a sensitivity of 80.0% and a specificity of 66.7% at a cut‐off of 0.69. Additionally, toe pressure exhibited an area under the curve of 0.845, sensitivity of 74.0% and specificity of 75.0% at a cut‐off of 68.0 mmHg. Overall accuracy for TBI and toe pressure was 77.4% and 74.2%, respectively, indicating their potential for CAD risk stratification in the DFS population. This study highlights a significant association between low TBI and the presence of CAD in DFS patients. Consequently, TBI emerges as a valuable screening tool for identifying CAD within this population.
Something AI Should Tell You – The Case for Labelling Synthetic Content
Authors: Fisher Sarah A.
Published: August 2024

Synthetic content, which has been produced by generative artificial intelligence, is beginning to spread through the public sphere. Increasingly, we find ourselves exposed to convincing ‘deepfakes’ and powerful chatbots in our online environments. How should we mitigate the emerging risks to individuals and society? This article argues that labelling synthetic content in public forums is an essential first step. While calls for labelling have already been growing in volume, no principled argument has yet been offered to justify this measure (which inevitably comes with some additional costs). Rectifying that deficit, I conduct a close examination of our epistemic and expressive interests in identifying synthetic content as such. In so doing, I develop a cumulative case for social media platforms to enforce a labelling duty. I argue that this represents an important element of good platform governance, helping to shore up the integrity of our contemporary public discourse, which takes place increasingly online.
Revealing genetic patterns across ecoregions in the northeastern Pacific of California and Baja California
Authors: Ferrera‐Rodríguez Mariana Ronalda , Malpica‐Cruz Luis , Munguía‐Vega Adrián , Beas‐Luna Rodrigo , Flores‐Morales Ana Laura , Abadía‐Cardoso Alicia
Published: August 2024

Aim

We reconstructed the genetic patterns and identified the main genetic breaks of several taxa across California and Baja California coast. Additionally, we evaluated the contribution of different variables to the level of structure.

Location

California and Baja California coast.

Taxon

Fish, invertebrates, algae, seagrass and mammals.

Methods

We generated a map to reconstruct the genetic patterns using genetic information (Fst index and phylogenetic clades distribution) from a literature review of population genetics publications from 2000 to 2023. For the analysis of genetic connectivity drivers, we explored the effect of different variables representing life history traits, reproductive strategies and biogeographic variables and generated five working hypotheses which were evaluated with generalized linear models (GLMs).

Results

We identified 42 genetic breaks from 63 species across our study area. The largest number of breaks occurs from 27° N to 29° N and from 31° N to 35° N. This range includes transition zones between ecoregions such as Punta Eugenia, Baja California, Mexico and Point Conception, California, USA. We also identified Ensenada, Baja California region as a barrier to gene flow. From a transboundary perspective, we found 40 species with connectivity between California and Baja California, including 14 commercial and or recreational species. We found none of the variables explored had a clear effect on the level of genetic differentiation of the species assessed in the region.

Main Conclusion

Genetic breaks among different taxa do not distribute randomly across the latitudinal range from California and Baja California coastal area, rather they are mainly located in transition zones between marine ecoregions. The challenge to identify specific variables that explain general genetic patterns highlights the complexity that drives population connectivity processes in marine species.
Hospital at home worldwide: Program and clinician characteristics from the World Hospital at Home Congress survey
Authors: Levine David M. , Findeisen Sarah , Desai Meghna P. , Blitzer Stephanie , DeCherrie Linda V. , Lasserson Daniel , Hernandez Carme , Montalto Michael , Leff Bruce
Published: August 2024

Background

Hospital at home (HaH) delivers hospital‐level care to acutely ill patients at home as a substitute for brick‐and‐mortar hospital care. The clinician and program characteristics of HaH programs worldwide are relatively unknown. We sought to describe the world's HaH clinicians and their programs' characteristics.

Methods

We analyzed a survey administered to all attendees of the 2023 World Hospital at Home Congress. Clinician characteristics included age, years worked in HaH, profession, burnout, and experience. Program characteristics included location, daily census, types of care delivery, and clinical capabilities.

Results

Of 670 attendees, about 305 were clinicians and 129 responded (42% response rate for clinicians). The majority of clinicians were 30–49 years old (65.1%), new to the field (70.5% worked less than 10 years), and part‐time (18% dedicated >74% effort to HaH). Clinicians reported overall satisfaction with their job and low burnout. About half of programs were in Europe (52.1%), newly operational (44.7% less than 5 years), mostly operated in urban environments (87.2%), and mostly had a daily census of less than 25 patients (62.8%). Most programs operated 7‐days per week (88.3%), performed intermittent or continuous remote monitoring (81.4%), used video communication (63.8%), and had some advanced capabilities such as in‐home imaging (47.9%) and advanced procedures (23.4%). Visit frequencies to the patient's home were variable: most programs had physicians visit the home, nearly all had nurses visit the home, and fewer performed virtual visits.

Conclusions

HaH clinicians and programs have significant similarities but also a fair number of divergent practices, much like brick‐and‐mortar hospital care. Further standardization of the care model will help to unify the field across the globe.
Three‐year questionnaire study on human papillomavirus vaccination targeting new female college school students: Follow‐up to a 2021 report to reveal the impact of a policy change in Japan
Authors: Furuno Atsuko , Sukegawa Akiko , Ohshige Kenji , Suzuki Yukio , Yamaguchi Midori , Miyagi Etsuko , Ueda Yutaka , Sekine Masayuki , Mizushima Taichi
Published: August 2024

Aim

The purpose of this study was to examine the trend in human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates in Japan before and after a policy change in 2022, involving resumption of active recommendation and start of catch‐up vaccination.

Methods

From 2021 to 2023, a web‐based questionnaire survey was administered to newly enrolled female college students in Yokohama, Japan. The questionnaire included items such as age, HPV vaccination status, HPV vaccine awareness, and awareness of catch‐up vaccination. We compared knowledge about the HPV vaccine and cervical cancer in 2021 and 2023, before and after resumption of the national vaccination program.

Results

The HPV vaccination rates were 5.4% in 2021, 7.5% in 2022, and 35.3% in 2023, with a significant upward trend (p < 0.001). A similar upward trend was observed for HPV vaccine awareness (p < 0.001). Comparing 2022 and 2023 after the start of catch‐up vaccination, there was no significant difference in awareness of catch‐up vaccination (p = 0.669), but there was a significant increase in awareness of free vaccination tickets (p < 0.001). After resumption of the national vaccination program with adoption of the catch‐up vaccination program, there was no difference in knowledge of cervical cancer, but there was a difference in knowledge of the HPV vaccine.

Conclusions

Although the HPV vaccination rate has increased after the policy change, it has not recovered to the level before the suspension of active recommendation. It is important for healthcare providers and school educators to actively communicate the safety and effectiveness of the HPV vaccine.
Combination therapy with paclitaxel and trastuzumab for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‐positive recurrent serous carcinoma of the uterine cervix: A case report
Authors: Yamada Shizuka , Orisaka Makoto , Kurokawa Tetsuji , Onuma Toshimichi , Shinagawa Akiko , Yoshida Yoshio
Published: August 2024

Recent studies show increased expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in cervical cancer, but the efficacy of anti‐HER2 therapy remains under‐researched. Here, we present a case of recurrent HER2‐positive serous carcinoma, presumably arising in the cervix, diagnosed by comprehensive genomic profiling, which responded to trastuzumab. The patient underwent a radical hysterectomy with concurrent adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. One year after surgery, the patient experienced recurrence (multiple lymph node metastases). She underwent chemotherapy and subsequent comprehensive genomic profiling, which revealed HER2 positivity. Despite treatment, the lymph node and peritoneal metastases progressed. Therefore, combination chemotherapy with paclitaxel and trastuzumab was initiated. Subsequently, the patient's clinical symptoms improved considerably, and good health was maintained for 8 months. This report highlights the importance of comprehensive genomic profiling and targeted therapies when standard treatments fail.
The Connection Between Dark Traits and Emotional Intelligence: A Multistudy Person‐Centered Approach
Authors: Rico‐Bordera Pilar , Piqueras Jose A. , Soto‐Sanz Victoria , Rodríguez‐Jiménez Tíscar , Marzo Juan C. , Galán Manuel , Pineda David
Published: August 2024

Objective

Several studies have analyzed the relationship between Emotional Intelligence (EI) and dark personality, but the results are inconclusive. One study tested correlations between traits that may underlie a person‐centered profile of “dark EI.” Our study aimed to replicate and extend that research, identifying profiles in Spaniards and examining the differences between the profiles based on different variables of interest.

Method

Two studies were designed, the first one (N = 1241) focused on trait EI and the Dark Triad, and the second one expanding the previous (N = 392) focusing on ability EI and the Dark Tetrad.

Results

Three profiles were obtained in both studies: nondark and non‐EI profile, dark profile, and average narcissistic and high EI profile. The latter showed the highest self‐esteem, strengths, well‐being, and civic engagement, and the lowest psychological difficulties and personal distress.

Conclusions

Our results reinforced the findings of the study we replicated, not supporting the presence of dark EI, but also not supporting the presence of high EI with very low levels of dark traits. These results have implications when designing preventive actions to improve emotional education.