bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF TWO ORGANIC NUTRIENTS AND NPK ON SOME VEGETATIV GROWTH TRAITS AND ROOT OF GRAPE TRANSPLANTS CV. SUMMER ROYAL
Authors: & Hadi Abdulraheem
Published: September 2021

This research was conducted at the university of the University of   Baghdad / Al-Jadireya during the seasons of 2016  to study the effects of applying the root stimulator Essential plus 1-0-1 and spraying   of the Acadian seaweed and  fertilizer (NPK) and their effects on the vegetative and root growth of grape transplants cv. Summer Royal. A factorial experiment was carried out according to the randomized complete block design with three replications .The experiment included 12 treatments, the first treatment (organic nutriment) (A0), included adding the root stimulator (Essential plus 1-0-1) to the soil with 4 ML.L-1 (A1) spraying the substance of the seaweed (Acadian) with of 1 g.L-1 (A2), and interaction (A3) and the second treatment was spraying with mineral fertilizer NPK (TOTAL GRO) with three concentrations (0,1.5,3 g.L-1) and were designated as B0,B1,B2.The organic nutrient treatment A3 significantly influenced all the measured characteristics as compared to the control treatment, as an increase of 84.38 % was achieved and 150 % for the leaf area of the transplant and the free amino acids, and root growth characteristics, as the length of the roots(39.26 %) and  diameter  of the roots (68.26%), as well as the surface area(26.04%) and the dry weight of the roots (48.71%).The mineral fertilization B1 and the B2 significantly impacted all the measured characteristics as compared with control , as the B2 treatment gave the maximum results in increasing the leaf area of the transplant (48.75) and the free amino acids (62.82%) and the root length (31.03%) and the roots diameter (57.05%) and the surface area of the roots (20.07%) and the dry weight of the roots (24.26%). A significant im provment was achieved in the vegetative and root growth characteristics by using organic nutriment with the mineral fertilization fcr grape transplants.
EFFECT OF CYTOJEEP AND FLORIN FOLIAR APPLICATION ON GROWTH AND FLOWERING OF PANSY (VIOLA TEICOLOR)
Authors: M. Sadiq S.
Published: September 2021

This experiment was conducted in the lathhouse of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Gardening, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad to study the effect of two nutrition compounds called Cytojeep and Florin on the vegetative and flowering characters of Pansy (Viola tricolor) during the fall season of 2016. Plants were planted in 20 cm/diameter pots and sprayed two times with different concentrations of Cytojeep 0, 0.5, and 1 ml.L-1 and Florin 0, 0.15, and 0.30 ml.L-1 started after one month of planting with 21 days intervals. The results were as follows: Spraying with Cytojeep resulted in improving all vegetative and flowering traits under investigation. The foliar application of Cytojeep at 1 ml.L-1significantly increased plant height 13.84 cm, number of branches per plant 7.40, fresh weight 4.98 g, dry weight 0.88, flowering time 47 days, flower diameter 74.99 mm, number of flowers 5.97. Moreover, spraying with Florin at 0.30 ml.L-1 significantly increased all vegetative and flowering characteristics in terms of plant height 14.01 cm, number of branches per plant 7.42, fresh weight 5.03 g, dry weight 0.91 g flowering time 47 days, flower diameter 75.70 cm, number of flowers 5.87. Finally, the interaction between the two nutrition compounds showed to have an effect on all vegetative and flowering traits under investigation where the highest concentration of Cytojeep and Florin gave the most significant results in plant height 15.67 cm, number of branches per plant 7.89, fresh weight 5.76 g, dry weight 1.18 g, flowering time after 43 days, flower diameter 81.66 mm, number of flowers 6.85.
EFFECT OF EXPALNT TYPE AND SOME PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON CULTURE INITIATION OF STEVIA PLANTS IN VITRO
Authors: & Al-Obaidy Khierallah
Published: September 2021

This research was conducted in order to study the effect of explant type and some plant growth regulators on culture initiation of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni in vitro. The experiments included surface sterilization and test two types of explants (shoot tips and stem nodes) and the impact of KIN and BA and IAA and IBA in the cultures initiation. Results revealed the efficiency of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for disinfestation of explant at 0.050% concentration giving less contamination for shoot tips and stem nods (10% and 20% respectively). Results showed that shoot tips inoculated in MS medium plus KIN at 0.3 mg. L-1 was significantly increase the number of regenerated shoots as it produced 4.2 shoots per explant while medium without cytokinin (control) produced less number of shoots reached 1.4 shoots per explant. KIN treatment reduced shoots length as control treatment produced the highest length (6.74 cm).  The interaction between the explant type and BA concentration was significantly increase the number of regenerated shoots as shoot tips produced 3.6 shoots per explant in MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg. L-1. BA treatment reduced shoots length as control treatment produced the highest length (6.74 cm). No positive effect was gain when auxins (IBA and IAA) were added in combination with cytokinin in culture medium. The above results can be adopted to established stevia in vitro culture successfully.
ASSESSMENT OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE AND NORMALIZED DIFFERENT VEGETATION INDEX USING LANDSAT IMAGES IN SOME REGIONS OF DIYALA GOVERNORATE
Authors: & Al-Timimi Al-Jbouri
Published: September 2021

Agriculture is the most important and most dependent economic activity and influenced by climatic conditions as the climate elements represented by solar radiation, temperature, wind and relative humidity. Therefore, is necessary that analyze and understand the relationship between climate and agriculture. The aim of this study to assessment the relationship between land surface temperature (LST) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for three regions of Diyala Governorate in Iraq (Al Muqdadya, Baladrooz, and Baquba) by through using of remote sensing techniques and geographic information system (GIS).The Normalized difference vegetation index NDVI and land surface temperature (LST) were used in two of the Landsat-5 ETM + and Landsat-8 OLI satellite imagery during the years 1999 and 2019.  The results showed that increased in NDVI and decreased in LST for 2019, while for 1999 increased in LST and decreased in NDVI for the three regions. Finally, the regression was used to obtain that correlation between LST and NDVI. It was concluded that the correlation coefficient between NDVI and LST is negative, where the strongest correlation was 0.76 for Baquba and weakest correlation was 0.55 for Muqdadyia.
APPLICATION OF SOME SINGLE AND INTEGRATED INDEX EQUATION TO ASSESS HEAVY METAL IN DIFFERENT SOILS IN ERBIL GOVERNORATE
Authors: & et al. Aweez
Published: September 2021

The aim of this study was to application of some single and integrated index equation to assess heavy metal in different soil within Erbil governorate. The 15 different locations (Bahare new, Newroz, New Hawler, Hesarok, Azadi1, Zen city, Atconz city, Pank village, Binaslawa, Darato, Qushtapa, Shaways, Kasnazan, Bahirka, Pirzin) were specifically selected to identify the effects of traffic activities on soil properties. Different heavy metal distribution patterns (As, Cd, Cu, Cr and Zn) were determined from distance 5, 25, 50m roadside. Soil pollution was assessed using many indices including: contamination factor (CF), degree of contamination (Cdeg), Ecological Risk Factor and Potential Ecological Risk Index.The results showed that concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, and Zn in street dust ranged from (4.60, 1.80, 217.83, 62.14 and 215.18) mg.kg-1 which recorded in Qushtapa, Kasnazan, Atconze city, Hasarok5 and Zen city respectively. The contamination factor  and degree of contamination of  the trace elements As, Cd, Cr, Cu ,and Zn of soil samples was indicating considerable contamination factor for Qushtapa moderate contamination factor for Kasnazan, while Atconze city, Hasarok5, Zen city showed very high contamination factor, while degree of contamination considerable low degree of contamination. According to the ecological risk factor and RI results Qwshtapa was indicate as low potential ecological risk, Kasnazan had moderate potential ecological risk while Hasarok5 and Zen city considerable high potential ecological risk, except Atconze considerable very high ecological risk, on the other hand for RI index shown considerable very high ecological risk recorded in Hasarok 5 soil samples.
Millimeter Wave Power Transmission for Compact and Large-Area Wearable IoT Devices based on a Higher-Order Mode Wearable Antenna
Authors: Wagih Mahmoud , Hilton Geoffrey S. , Weddell Alex S. , Beeby Steve
Published: September 2021

Owing to the shorter wavelength in the millimeter-wave (mmWave) spectrum, miniaturized antennas can receive power with a higher efficiency than UHF bands, promising sustainable mmWave-powered Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Nevertheless, the performance of a mmWave power receiver has not been compared, numerically or experimentally, to its sub-6 GHz counterpart. In this paper, the performance of mmWave-powered receivers is evaluated based on a novel wearable textile-based higher-order mode microstrip antenna, showing the benefits of wireless power transmission (WPT). Firstly, a broadband antenna is proposed maintaining a stable wearable measured bandwidth from 24.9 to 31.1 GHz, over three-fold improvement compared to a conventional patch. The proposed antenna has a measured 8.2 dBi co-polarized gain with the highest thickness-normalized efficiency of a wearable antenna. When evaluated for compact power receivers, the measured path gain shows that WPT at 26 GHz outperforms 2.4 GHz by 11 dB. A rectenna array based on the proposed antenna is then evaluated analytically showing the potential for up to 6.3x higher power reception compared to a UHF patch, based on the proposed antenna's gain and an empirical path-loss model. Both use cases demonstrate that mmWave-powered rectennas are suitable for area-constrained and large-area wearable IoT applications.
Robust PPG Peak Detection Using Dilated Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Kazemi Kianoosh , Laitala Juho , Azimi Iman , Liljeberg Pasi , Rahmani Amir M.
Published: September 2021

Accurate peak determination from noise-corrupted photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal is the basis for further analysis of physiological quantities such as heart rate and heart rate variability. In the past decades, many methods have been proposed to provide reliable peak detection. These peak detection methods include rule-based algorithms, adaptive thresholds, and signal processing techniques. However, they are designed for noise-free PPG signals and are insufficient for PPG signals with low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This paper focuses on enhancing PPG noise-resiliency and proposes a robust peak detection algorithm for noise and motion artifact corrupted PPG signals. Our algorithm is based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) with dilated convolutions. Using dilated convolutions provides a large receptive field, making our CNN model robust at time series processing. In this study, we use a dataset collected from wearable devices in health monitoring under free-living conditions. In addition, a data generator is developed for producing noisy PPG data used for training the network. The method performance is compared against other state-of-the-art methods and tested in SNRs ranging from 0 to 45 dB. Our method obtains better accuracy in all the SNRs, compared with the existing adaptive threshold and transform-based methods. The proposed method shows an overall precision, recall, and F1-score 80%, 80%, and 80% in all the SNR ranges. However, these figures for the other methods are below 78%, 77%, and 77%, respectively. The proposed method proves to be accurate for detecting PPG peaks even in the presence of noise.
Soft Computing Approaches for tagging Arabic text
Authors: Yousif Jabar
Published: September 2021

This work developed two-stage labeling models. The first stage is to process the text before execution by removing the suffixes attached to it. And then the second stage is to design models by applying mathematical models using Multilayer Perceptron (MPL), Full Recurrent Neural Network (FRNN), and Support Vector Machines (SVM). The current system helps classify words and allocate the correct parts of speech according to their wholesale position. To test the effectiveness of the proposed models using two different languages (Arabic and Hindi). The results showed the effectiveness of the proposed models is successfully solving the problem of clarification of words for the Arabic text. Also, compared to previous studies, the proposed models achieved high accuracy by classifying the parts of speech with an accuracy of up to (99%).
Bayesian Multidimensional Scaling for Location Awareness in Hybrid-Internet of Underwater Things
Authors: Khalil Ruhul Amin , Saeed Nasir , Babar Mohammad Inayatullah Khan , Jan Tariqullah , Din Sadia
Published: September 2021

Localization of sensor nodes in the Internet of
Underwater Things (IoUT) is of considerable significance due
to its various applications, such as navigation, data tagging,
and detection of underwater objects. Therefore, in this paper,
we propose a hybrid Bayesian multidimensional scaling (BMDS)
based localization technique that can work on a fully hybrid IoUT
network where the nodes can communicate using either optical,
magnetic induction, and acoustic technologies. These communication technologies are already used for communication in the
underwater environment; however, lacking localization solutions.
Optical and magnetic induction communication achieves higher
data rates for short communication. On the contrary, acoustic
waves provide a low data rate for long-range underwater communication. The proposed method collectively uses optical, magnetic
induction, and acoustic communication-based ranging to estimate
the underwater sensor nodes’ final locations. Moreover, we also
analyze the proposed scheme by deriving the hybrid Cramer-Rao
lower bound (H-CRLB). Simulation results provide a complete
comparative analysis of the proposed method with the literature.
A Word Communication System with Partner Assist for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients in Late Stages
Authors: Ozawa Kuniaki , Naito, Masayoshi , Tanaka Naoki , Wada Shiryu
Published: September 2021

People with severe physical impairment such as amyotrophic lateral
sclerosis (ALS) in a completely locked-in state (CLIS) suffer from inability to express
their thoughts to others. To solve this problem, many brain-computer interface
(BCI) systems have been developed, but they have not proven sufficient for
CLIS. In this paper, we propose a word communication system: a BCI with partner
assist, in which partners play an active role in helping patients express a
word. We report here that five ALS patients in late stages (one in CLIS and
four almost in CLIS) succeeded in
expressing their own words (in Japanese) in response to wh-questions that could
not be answered “yes/no.” Each subject sequentially selected vowels (maximum
three) contained in the word that he or she wanted to express, by using a
“yes/no” communication aid based on near-infrared spectroscopy. Then, a partner
entered the selected vowels into a dictionary with vowel entries, which
returned candidate words having those vowels. When there were no appropriate
words, the partner changed one vowel and searched again or started over from
the beginning. When an appropriate word was selected, it was confirmed by the
subject via “yes/no” answers. Two subjects confirmed the selected word six
times out of eight (credibility of 91.0% by a statistical measure); two
subjects, including the one in CLIS, did so five times out of eight (74.6%);
and one subject did so three times out of four (81.3%). We have thus taken the
first step toward a practical word communication system for such patients.
Kendali Lampu dengan AC Light Dimmer Berbasis Internet of Things
Authors: Kardha Dessyana , Haryanto Haryanto , Aziz Muhammad Abdul
Published: September 2021

Pola budaya masyarakan semakin lama terpengaruh dengan adanya perkembangan teknologi, seperti smartphone android yang membantu kegiatan masyarakat dari hal yang sangat sederhana. Berdasar dari hal tersebut, smartphone android dapat membatu dalam proses kegiatan kendali terang dan redupnya lampu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah bagaimana membangun sistem kendali lampu dengan AC light dimmer berbasis internet of things dengan metode prototype. Dari penelitian tersebut untuk menjawab dan mencoba dipecahkan dengan dibangunnya sistem kendali lampu dengan mikrokontroler Lolin Node MCU ESP8266 v3 dan AC light dimmer dan memanfaatkan aplikasi Blynk sebagai interface kendali lampu. Hasil Penelitian dari topik ini adalah dibangunya sistem kendali lampu dengan mikrokontroler Lolin Node MCU ESP8266 v3 yang berisikan perintah untuk mengatur tegangan yang masuk pada lampu dengan AC light dimmer untuk ruang kelas STMIK AUB Surakarta. Kesimpulan dari penelitian yang dilakukan adalah dapat membantu dalam mengendalikan tingkan pencahayaan lampu dari jarak jauh.
Aplikasi Silsilah Marga Siahaan (Somba Debata) Berbasis Android
Authors: W Hartati Dyah , Nugroho Isadora , Siahaan Ricko
Published: September 2021

Tarombo adalah silsilah garis keturunan secara patrilineal dalam suku Batak yang sudah menjadi adat bagi masyarakat untuk mengetahui silsilah atau letak hubungan kekerabatan. Namun, adat ini mulai menghilang dari masyarakat suku Batak karena data keluarga yang sulit dicari, silsilah yang mulai meluas, dan proses pembuatan yang masih dilakukan secara manual dengan cara melakukan interview dengan ayah atau keluarga dejat tentang silsilah keluarag. Hal-hal tersebut menjadikan tarombo kehilangan daya tariknya dan menjadi latar belakang dari penelitian ini. Tujuan p..enelitian ini adalah membangun suatu sistem aplikasi berbasis Android yang akan menjadi media bagi para pengguna untuk dapat memiliki, membuat atau meneruskan silsilah keluarga serta memudahkan kita untuk mencari silsilah atau tarombo marga dan keluaraga. Metode pengembangan sistem yang digunakan dalam pengembangan sistem adalah metode watefall yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan model sistem adalah berupa flowchart, Unified Modelling Language (UML), Class Diagram, Activity Diagram dan Squence diagram serta dalam perancangan basis data menggunakan PhpMyadmin. Untuk mengimplementasikan sistem informasi silsilah marga Sahaan ini, dibutuhkan komponen pendukung agar dapat bekerja dengan baik. Komponen tersebut diantaranya menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP, Android dan Java, untuk penyimpanan data menggunakan database MySQL. Perancangan sistem ini diharapakan bisa membantu dan mengatasi permasalahan yang ada sehingga dapat bermanfaat bagi pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan. Penelitian ini menghasilkan suatu aplikasi  dengan fungsi utama sebagai media untuk membutuhkan informasi mengenai silsilah marga batak, khususnya marga Siahaan serta memberikan kemudahan dan kecepatan serta ketepatan pada pencarian yang diinginkan.
Aplicación de las NIIF para PYMES en Perú: dificultades y desafíos
Authors: Castro Sucapuca Luis Fernando
Published: September 2021

En el año 2011, según el Consejo Normativo de Contabilidad, entró en vigencia la aplicación obligatoria de las NIIF para PYMES, encargando que se efectúe la difusión y capacitación, entre otros, a las Facultades de Ciencias Contables y Financieras de las universidades del país. Sin embargo, han pasado casi tres años y dentro de los currículos de las universidades no se observa que se hayan incluido estas normas, y esto se refleja en las encuestas realizadas a los contadores de la provincia de Arequipa, que en la mayoría de casos desconocen los alcances de estas NIIF para PYMES. Es necesario tomar conciencia de la importancia de la aplicación de las NIIF para PYMES, a fin de presentar información financiera relevante y fehaciente.
Gestión de las empresas familiares: retos y oportunidades
Authors: Gamero Maldonado Harold Yusit
Published: September 2021

Las empresas familiares tienen sus origines, prácticamente, en concomitancia con los orígenes de la familia misma y las sociedades. Estas organizaciones han avanzado de forma estable y hoy en día se consolidan como la mayor fuente de ingresos y puestos de trabajo en los países más importantes del mundo globalizado. Lamentablemente, por su naturaleza, estas empresas también enfrentan una serie de retos que sus contrapartes no familiares, no experimentan; haciendo que estas empresas tengan tiempos de vida muchos menores. Por tal razón, es menester atender a los requerimientos particulares de este tipo de empresas para poder aumentar las probabilidades –si no es garantizar– la sucesión de dichos organismos a través de futuras generaciones, idealmente, bajo la dirección de personas ajenas a la familia para evitar que los conflictos consanguíneos se incrusten en las operaciones de la empresa. Finalmente se encuentra que, dentro de las herramientas de gestión que dispone el fundador, la más útil de todas es la del protocolo familiar.
A Quantitative Model of Human Jejunal Smooth Muscle Cell Electrophysiology
Authors: Ai Weiwei , Nickerson David
Published: September 2021

The Poh et al. (2012) paper describes the first biophysically based computational model of human jejunal smooth muscle cell (hJSMC) electrophysiology. The ionic currents are described by either a traditional Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) formalism or a deterministic multi-state Markov (MM) formalism. We create a modularized CellML implementation of the model, which is able to reproduce clamping behaviours of individual currents and whole cell action potential traces. In addition, some inconsistencies have been uncovered and discussed in this paper.
Saline Irrigation Water Retards Growth of Amaranthus in Coastal Kenya
Authors: Oluoch Ogalo Baka , Muindi Esther Mwende , Gogo Elisha Otieno
Published: September 2021

Salinity is a major biotic factor that negatively affects growth and yield of crops. Over 90% of the coastal region of Kenya is arid and semi-arid, most farmers in the region use borehole irrigation water which is saline. Amaranthus spp. is one of the main vegetables grown in coastal region. There is limited information regarding the effect of salinity on amaranthus production. The study sought to determine the effect of saline irrigation water on amaranthus growth in coastal Kenya. Two experiments were set up, one at Mivumoni Secondary School farm in Kwale County and another at Pwani University farm in Kilifi County from beginning of September 2019 to the end of January, 2020. The experiments were laid out in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. The six treatments tested were: fresh water alone, 75% saline water alone, 100% saline water alone, fresh water + DAP, 75% saline water + DAP, 100% saline water + DAP. Crop growth data collected were: emergence rate, plant height, leaf number, leaf area, chlorophyll content, stem thickness, root density, root weight, root volume and total plant biomass. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance using SAS statistical package (SAS, Version 10) and treatment effects were tested for significance using F-test. Significant means at F-test was ranked using Tukey’s test at 5% level of significance. Amaranthus seeds sown in fresh water had higher emergence rate compared to seeds sown in saline water. Salinity regardless of concentration used and application of DAP, resulted in decrease in height, leaf number, leaf area, stem tickness, chlorophyll content, root length, root weight, root volume and total biomass. The study demonstrates that saline irrigation water in coastal Kenya has a negative effect on Amaranthus growth.
Critical disinformation studies: History, power, and politics
Authors: Kuo Rachel , Marwick Alice
Published: September 2021

This essay advocates a critical approach to disinformation research that is grounded in history, culture, and politics, and centers questions of power and inequality. In the United States, identity, particularly race, plays a key role in the messages and strategies of disinformation producers and who disinformation and misinformation resonates with. Expanding what “counts” as disinformation demonstrates that disinformation is a primary media strategy that has been used in the U.S. to reproduce and reinforce white supremacy and hierarchies of power at the expense of populations that lack social, cultural, political, or economic power.
A review on vaccine pharmacovigilance during covid-19
Authors: Navya Jyothi K , Jaka Archana , Velpula Padma sujaya Velpula Padma sujaya , Rupavath Pallavi Nayak , Vaddadi Randeep Raj C
Published: September 2021

Pharmacovigilance is important for collecting, detecting, monitoring adverse events which is the main objective. The adverse events reported should be assessed in order to know the casual relationship and avoid unnecessary effects on the recipient. Many people are vaccinating in a short period, so it is becoming much burden to the pharmacovigilance centers. The international society of pharmacovigilance (ISOP), the French national agency for medicines and health products safety (ANSM), and many others were in continuous collaboration and taking many initiatives to identify the safety and efficacy of vaccines and to provide answers to the raised questions respectively. Through pharmacovigilance, signals were detected, and many adverse events were identified. Pharmacovigilance of BioNTech/Pfizer-m-RNA, Moderna-mRNA vaccine, Covishield, Johnson and Johnson, Vaxzevria, Sputnik V, Convidecia are addressed. With BioNTech/Pfizer-m-RNA 12,249 ADRs, with Moderna-mRNA vaccine 577 ADRs, with Covishield 447 ADRs, with Johnson and Johnson 653 ADRs, with Vaxzevria 743 ADRs were reported. These vaccines resulted in immune thrombocytopenic purpura, cerebrovascular events, thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, facial paralysis, deaths, and many other reactions which may be fatal. But the events reported were less compared to the safety of the patients. All these events were maintained by the Uppsala monitoring center.
A Contribution to the Study of Dependence of Rainfall on Circulatory Conditions in Northern Moravia
Authors: Vysoudil Miroslav
Published: September 2021

The paper discusses the problem of the relationship between the frequency of synoptic situations according to P. Hess and H. Brezowsky and the level of rainfall rate on the territory of northern Moravia in individual months, seasons of the year and the period under observation. It has shown that some situations affect the rainfall rate in a direct proportion (e. g. zonal circulation types), others in an inverted proportion (e. g. meridional circulation types).
Variability of Spatial Frequency Distribution
Authors: Řehák Jan
Published: September 2021

A measure of spatial variability (called geostructural variance) is defined for a frequency distribution on a finite set of places in a space whose geographical relations are assessed by a matrix of (generally conceived) distances. A set of measures stemming from the same approach describe the positions and properties of individual places in the geostructure. This complex of characteristics provides a clear-cut way of an analytical diagnostic reflection of the spatial properties of frequency distributions.
The impact of (Canarium Odontophyllum Miq.) Dabai Optimum Soaking Condition Towards the Development of Dabai Peanut Spread Physicochemical Properties and Sensory Evaluation
Authors: Abdul Fattah Ab Razak  , Mohd Zahid Abidin  , Norhasmillah Abu Hassan  , Josephine Anak Edwin  , Mohd Syafiq Abdullah  , Ashraf A. Razak  , Mohd Hafsanjani Salleh  , Nur Aqilah Hamim
Published: September 2021

Canarium odontophyllum miq. also known as dabai is known as Sarawak indigenous fruit and utilised for dabai peanut spread formulation. Dabai is physically hard in texture and consumed by soaking under heat treatment. Therefore, dabai optimum soaking condition is determined followed by the development of dabai peanut spread. The determination of soaking condition requires: soaking time (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12) mins and soaking temperature (50°C, 60°C, 70°C and 80°C) as independent variables, and (water absorption, crude protein content, crude fat content, moisture content, ash content and colour) as dependent variables. 50°C for 4 minutes is the optimum dabai soaking condition, and it is being utilised for dabai peanut spread formulation. There were six different formulations with different ratios of soaked dabai and roasted peanut, and further underwent proximate analyses and sensory evaluation test. The combination of a low amount of soaked dabai (40 g) with a high amount of roasted peanut (160 g) has produced a high amount of crude protein (10.65%) and crude fat (35.95%) and was found significantly (p<0.05) acceptable by the panellists. The information obtained provides a better understanding of dabai as a potential food product ingredient.
The Influence of Marketing Ethics and Consumer Ethics on Consumer Behaviour and Decisions Before and During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Literacy Study
Authors: Prayitno Sahri , Riyanto Setyo , Diarta Luthfita Ayu
Published: September 2021

One of the focuses of marketing in a company is how to achieve customer loyalty. That is reflected in how companies maintain brands, consumers, and product-consumer relationships. In some cases, companies focus solely on profit, resulting in the company losing its reputation. There is an opinion that consumers demand ethics and responsibility from companies to stakeholders, in this case, consumers. Consumers in this position can provide feedback regarding the company's marketing ethics. During the COVID-19 Pandemic, consumers are also more vigilant and careful in choosing products. So, with the COVID-19 Pandemic conditions like this, it is necessary to study whether consumer ethics in determining product choices and behavior towards products will be affected and whether a company's marketing ethics also influence product determination and consumer behavior towards products. This article aims to examine whether marketing ethics and consumer ethics influence consumer behavior and decisions to buy a product or interact further with the product, especially in the current era of the COVID 19 Pandemic. And the method used for this article is a systematic literature review. From this research, it is concluded that marketing and consumer ethics have a role in influencing consumers to choose to buy products and the responses given after making a purchase or through transaction experience with a company. And consumer behavior and decisions are very dependent on how ethical the company is in marketing its products both before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Examining the Factors that Influence Consumer Satisfaction with Online Food Delivery in Klang Valley, Malaysia
Authors: Tan Huikok , Eng Kim Vincent Wee
Published: September 2021

In World War II, female volunteers participated in the work of delivering food to soldiers. The idea of food service delivery spread from the UK to the United States, and food delivery has become a new business model worldwide. In 1987, Pizza Hut began to order by phone and provide food delivery services to capture market share. With the development of the internet and the popularity of smartphone, online ordering and online food delivery (OFD) have become a trend, lifestyle and multibillion-dollar business. In 2017, Malaysia's online food delivery boomed. There are numerous food ordering service platforms on the market, including FoodPanda, Uber Eats (now changed to GrabFood), Honestbee, Dahmakan, DeliverEat, Running Man Delivery, etc. Hence, this research aims to identify factors that continue to influence Malaysian consumer satisfaction with online food delivery after the COVID-19 pandemic and in the future. The results show that perceived price, promotion & discount, convenience motivation, service approach quality, and food quality positively impact the trend factors of OFD services. These findings can provide essential insights for OFD service providers, the restaurant industry and academics, critical for OFD services to improve consumer satisfaction.
Why Business Fail? A Thematic Review Analysis on SMEs
Authors: Ahmad Shiyuti Hashim , Fakhrul Anwar Zainol  , Muhammad Shahrul Ifwat Ishak
Published: September 2021

It is not easy to stand up again after any failure because the collapse may not only bind with the business organisation but it may root straight away to the individual or personality of the entrepreneur. The most important thing for any failure is to act fast and to ‘re-stand up again’ without any delay. However, most studies focused on the prediction of business failure which mostly concentrated on the sustainability of the distressed business. Therefore, this study was inspired by the idea that the recovery of the fail entrepreneur is much more straightforward as compared to the creation of a new entrepreneur. Thus, the aim of this systematic review is to synthesize the previous studies related to the reason and recovery of business failure among Small Medium Enterprises from 2014 to 2019 using ATLAS.ti 8. A thematic analysis approach; that is useful to code and deeply interpret the identified common themes; was being used upon these 42 articles has led into the generation of 21 initial codes characterizing the study of business failure, grouped in 4 clusters: (1) effect of business failure, (2) prediction of business failure, (3) reason of business failure and (4) solution of business failure. The results contribute to the future study on business failure among SMEs and can guide the educators, researchers and practitioners in this field.
Improvement of Mechanical Properties of Polymer Materials by the Nanosized Ceramic Particles
Authors: Egorova O. V. , Hein Thant Zin
Published: September 2021

As a result of the experiments, epoxy nanocomposites based on titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the form of opaque blue-gray films were obtained. The composition and structure of epoxy nanocomposites were studied by scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. The properties of the obtained film nanocomposites were investigated to determine the glass transition temperature, and the mechanical properties of the films were tested in tension, where the tensile strength, elastic modulus, and relative deformation were determined
Analisis Perilaku Struktur Gedung Berkolom Masif Dan Berlubang
Authors: Tuga Aprilia Romana , Suku Yohanes Laka , Nisanson Marselinus Yunior
Published: September 2021

Kolom merupakan elemen struktur penting dalam struktur bangunan gedung yang berfungsi menopang dan meneruskan  beban  aksial  dan  momen  ke  struktur  pondasi.  Kolom  berlubang  sering  digunakan  sebagai conduit tempat  perpipaan plumbing,  mekanikal  dan elektrikal  untuk  tujuan  estetika.  Penelitian perilaku struktur  gedung  berkolom  massif  dan berlubang  bertujuan  mengetahui  perilaku  struktur  kolom  berlubang dengan luasan lubang 3%, 4%, 5% dan 6% dari luasan penampang  kolom. Perilaku yang diamati berupa waktu  getar  struktur,  gaya  geser  dasar,  simpangan,  dan  momen  guling.  Hasil  analisis  diperoleh  bahwa model  struktur  dengan  kolom  berlubang  tersebut  mempunyai  waktu  getar  struktur  lebih  kecil  dari  getar struktur maksimum  yang disyaratkan.  Akibat adanya lubang berat struktur kolom berlubang   menjadi lebih ringan dibandingkan dengan struktur dengan kolom massif sehingga mereduksi gaya geser dasar, simpangan dan momen guling pada struktur dengan kolom massif.
Pendekatan Arsitektur Tropis Pada Bangunan SMAK Syuradikara Ende
Authors: Dede Petrus Jhon Alfred Depa , Siso Silvester Masias , Kerong Fabiola T.A.
Published: September 2021

Bangunan kolonial di Indonesia merupakan fenomena yang unik, percampuran budaya antara penjajah dan budaya Indonesia yang tidak terdapat ditempat lain serta disesuaikan  dengan kondisi iklimnya yaitu iklim tropis lembab. Kota Ende pada masa lalu menjadi salah satu daerah tujuan para pedagang dan pelayar dari Jawa,  Makassar,  dan  Ternate.  Karena  menjadi  salah  satu  titik  transit  para  pedagang  maka  sejarah keagamaan dan kepentingan-kepentingan Kolonialisme bermain di daerah-daerah pelabuhan di Kota Ende. Bangunan bernilai sejarah yang masih bertahan dan memiliki ciri arsitektur  kolonial di Kota Ende, salah satunya adalah bangunan Sekolah Menengah Atas Katolik (SMAK) Syuradikara, yang keberadaannya tanpa disadari beradaptasi dengan iklim tropis. Untuk mengetahui sejauh mana kondisi iklim tropis (pendekatan arsitektur tropis) dapat mempengaruhi desain bangunan SMAK Syuradikara di Kota Ende, maka penulis melakukan  kajian.  Kajian  ini  dilakukan  dengan  menggunakan    metode  kualitatif  deskriptif.  Pendekatan terhadap iklim tropis yang dikaji meliputi orientasi bangunan, bukaan dan material yang digunakan. Metode kualitatif  deskriptif  digunakan  untuk  menguraikan  elemen  desain  bangunan  SMAK  Syuradikara  yang berkaitan  erat  dengan  iklim  tropis.  Dalam  melakukan  kajian  ini  pengumpulan  data  dilakukan  dengan wawancara,  survey,  observasi  dan studi literatur.  Dari hasil kajian ditemukan  bahwa orientasi  bangunan secara keseluruhan menghadap dan memanjang kearah utara   dan selatan. Permukaan bangunan yang menghadap arah datang dan terbenam matahari hanya sedikit yang menerima panas matahari. Aliran angin di sekitar bangunan datang dari arah timur dan barat dan ruangan yang mendapatkan  aliran angin yang baik adalah ruang kelas. Orientasi peletakan jendela lebih dominan menghadap ke arah utara dan selatan. Keberadaan  teras  disepanjang  bangunan  untuk  mengantisipasi  sinar  matahari  langsung  yang  mengenai dinding bangunan, serta hempasan dari air hujan. Material lantai dari keramik dan tegel yang belum dipoles dengan  permukaan  sedikit  kasar  sehingga  menyerap  panas,  ruangan  cenderung  lebih  dingin.  Dinding bangunan terbuat dari susunan bata yang diplester, tebal dinding antara 30 sampai 40 centimeter, sehingga dapat mereduksi udara panas yang ada dalam ruangan.
Studi Sensor Curah Hujan Untuk Pemisahan Air Bersih Dari Air Kotor Pada Sistem Bak Tadah Hujan
Authors: Luis Andreas , Kurniawan DVX Deddy
Published: September 2021

Perolehan air bersih pada sistem bak tadah hujan konvensional tidak maksimal karena mengandung debu kotoran. Pemisahan air bersih dari air kotor perlu dilakukan. Penelitian dilakukan pada metode pengenalan curah hujan untuk pemisahan air bersih dari air kotor pada sistem bak tadah hujan. Pemisahan dapat dilakukan dengan bantuan sensor curah hujan. Penelitian menghasilkan rumusan desain sensor curah hujan yang mudah dibuat dengan menggunakan bahan seadanya agar mudah dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat luas untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan air bersih. Penelitian juga menghasilkan saran untuk penelitian lanjutan.
A genetic algorithm for optimal assembly of pairwise forced-choice questionnaires
Authors: Kreitchmann Rodrigo Schames , Abad Francisco J. , Sorrel Miguel A.
Published: September 2021

The use of multidimensional forced-choice questionnaires has been proposed as a means of improving validity in the assessment of non-cognitive attributes in high-stakes scenarios. However, the reduced precision of trait estimates in this questionnaire format is an important drawback. Accordingly, this article presents an optimization procedure for assembling pairwise forced-choice questionnaires while maximizing posterior marginal reliabilities. This procedure is performed through the adaptation of a known genetic algorithm (GA) for combinatorial problems. In a simulation study, the efficiency of the proposed procedure was compared with a quasi-brute-force (BF) search. For this purpose, five-dimensional item pools were simulated to emulate the real problem of generating a forced-choice personality questionnaire under the five-factor model. Three factors were manipulated: (1) the length of the questionnaire, (2) the relative item pool size with respect to the questionnaire’s length, and (3) the true correlations between traits. The recovery of the person parameters for each assembled questionnaire was evaluated through the squared correlation between estimated and true parameters, the root mean square error between the estimated and true parameters, the average difference between the estimated and true inter-trait correlations, and the average standard error for each trait level. The proposed GA offered more accurate trait estimates than the BF search within a reasonable computation time in every simulation condition. Such improvements were especially important when measuring correlated traits and when the relative item pool sizes were higher. A user-friendly online implementation of the algorithm was made available to the users.
ANALISIS FAKTOR PENGGUNAAN FORMALIN PADA PEDAGANG TAHU DI PASAR TRADISIONAL KOTA SERANG
Authors: Hayat Fauzul , Darusmini Darusmini
Published: September 2021

Formalin is known as a disinfectant, germicide and non-food preservative. For this reason, useing formalin in tofu food products is strictly prohibited. The importance of preventing the use of formalin in tofu traders has an impact on human health so it is safe for consumption. The purpose of this study was to determine of formaldehyde used among tofu traders in the traditional market of Serang City. Cross-sectional study with total sampling technique. The research sample was 43 tofu traders and 43 tofu samples were taken. Questionnaire instrument to obtain data on the variables of knowledge, attitudes and supervision variables that had previously been tested for validity (r count > r table) and reliability with Cronbach's alpha (α) value of 0.947 > 0.60. Tofu formalin content examination was carried out by the Regional Health Laboratory (Labkesda) Serang City using the Schiff reagent test. The results showed that there were (67.4%) tofu trader were positive formalin. There is no relationship between attitudes and use of formaldehyde in tofu traders (p=1,000). There is a relationship between knowledge (p=0.016) and supervision (p=0.004) with the use of formalin in tofu traders. Application of regulations, supervision traders and producers to prevent the use of formaldehyde in food.
INFLUENCE OF INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FACTORS ON THE STRUCTURAL CHANGES OF NATIONAL ECONOMY: AN EXAMPLE OF UKRAINE
Authors: Nikonenko Uliana , Khalina Olena , Kazyuk Yanina , Paliukh Viktor , Shevchenko Serhiy
Published: September 2021

Purpose – the purpose of our article is to study structural changes in the national economy using a portfolio model of sectors with different returns and, on this basis, processing the methodology for identifying the current state and instrumental factors of economic policy. Research methodology – the methodology of empirical research includes methods of grouping, abstraction, comparison, systems analysis, synthesis and generalization, graphical methods and regression analysis. To analyze the nature of the relationship between the index of structural changes and the dynamics of GDP, which determines the comparative profitability of the resource and non-resource sectors and the current position of the current structure relative to the equilibrium value, we used error-corrected models (ECMs). Findings – using regression models with error correction, a favourable long- and short-term relationship between structural changes in favour of non-resource exports and Ukraine’s GDP has been empirically confirmed. Using the index of structural changes, considering the ratio of raw materials and non-raw materials exports, the necessity of applying administrative measures is substantiated. Research limitations – the study concerned mainly the national economy of Ukraine, but in the future, attention should be paid to the application of the results of our study in other countries of Eastern Europe. In the future, the results obtained can be adapted for other countries of the world. The research was based on the use of specific mathematical methods, and not all mathematical possibilities were used. Practical implications – the model can be used in the practical activities of state economic structures In the future, it is possible to change key indicators and further expand the field of use of the model. Originality/Value – the novelty of the study lies in the development of a methodology for identifying the current state and instrumental factors of economic policy that can speed up economic growth based on favourable structural shifts (in favour of the non-resource export sector).
K2, Spitzer, and TESS Transits of Four Sub-Neptune Exoplanets
Authors: Duck Alison , Harada Caleb K. , Harrell Justin , Morris Ryan R. A. , Williams Edward , Crossfield Ian , Werner Michael , Deming Drake
Published: September 2021

We present new Spitzer transit observations of four K2 transiting sub-Neptunes: K2-36 c, K2-79b, K2-167b, and K2-212b. We derive updated orbital ephemerides and radii for these planets based on a joint analysis of the Spitzer, TESS, and K2 photometry. We use the EVEREST pipeline to provide improved K2 photometry, by detrending instrumental noise and K2's pointing jitter. We used a pixel-level decorrelation method on the Spitzer observations to reduce instrumental systematic effects. We modeled the effect of possible blended eclipsing binaries, seeking to validate these planets via the achromaticity of the transits (K2 versus Spitzer). However, we find that Spitzer’s signal-to-noise ratio for these small planets is insufficient to validate them via achromaticity. Nevertheless, by jointly fitting radii between K2 and Spitzer observations, we were able to independently confirm the K2 radius measurements. Due to the long time baseline between the K2 and Spitzer observations, we were also able to increase the precision of the orbital periods compared to K2 observations alone. The improvement is a factor of 3 for K2-36 c, and more than an order of magnitude for the remaining planets. Considering possible JWST observations in 1/2023, previous 1σ uncertainties in transit times for these planets range from 74–434 minutes, but we have reduced them to the range of 8–23 minutes.
ALMA Observations of Lyα Blob 1: Multiple Major Mergers and Widely Distributed Interstellar Media
Authors: Umehata Hideki , Smail Ian , Steidel Charles C. , Hayes Matthew , Scott Douglas , Swinbank A. M. , Ivison R. J. , Nagao Toru , Kubo Mariko , Nakanishi Kouichiro , Matsuda Yuichi , Ikarashi Soh , Tamura Yoichi , Geach J. E.
Published: September 2021

We present observations of a giant Lyα blob (LAB) in the SSA22 protocluster at z = 3.1, SSA22-LAB1, taken with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. Dust continuum, along with [C ii] 158 μm and CO(4–3) line emission have been detected in LAB1, showing complex morphology and kinematics across a ∼100 kpc central region. Seven galaxies at z = 3.0987–3.1016 in the surroundings are identified in [C ii] and dust continuum emission, with two of them potential companions or tidal structures associated with the most massive galaxies. Spatially resolved [C ii] and infrared luminosity ratios for the widely distributed media (L
[Cɪɪ]/L
IR ≈ 10−2−10−3) suggest that the observed extended interstellar media are likely to have originated from star formation activity and the contribution from shocked gas is probably not dominant. LAB1 is found to harbor a total molecular gas mass M
mol = (8.7 ± 2.0) × 1010
M
⊙, concentrated in the core region of the Lyα-emitting area. While (primarily obscured) star formation activity in the LAB1 core is one of the most plausible power sources for the Lyα emission, multiple major mergers found in the core may also play a role in making LAB1 exceptionally bright and extended in Lyα as a result of cooling radiation induced by gravitational interactions.