bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXPERIMENTELLE UNTERSUCHUNGEN ÜBER DEN NACH VENTRIKEL‐DUODENUM‐RESEKTION BEOBACHTETEN PELLAGRAZUSTAND (BEI HUNDEN) VI. Über die Beeinflussbarkeit des Pellagrazustandes durch perorale Vitamineingabe1
Authors: Petri Svend
Published: August 2010

ZUSAMMENFASSUN

Bei jungen Hunden, denen Ventrikel + dem daran grenzenden Teil des Duodenums exstirpiert worden sind, führt die perorale Zufuhr von Vitamin B2 einen Wechsel in den klinischen Symptomen und dem klinischen Verlauf der früher beschriebenen Pellagraveränderungen nicht herbei und auch der Charakter der pathologisch‐anatomischen Veränderungen bleibt der gleiche. Diese experimentellen Pellagrafälle sind der gegenüber der Vitamin B2‐Therapie refraktären, tödlich verlaufenden Pellagraform beim Menschen beizuordnen.
Airborne Infections
Authors: LAURELL GUNNAR
Published: August 2010

Continued investigations into the effectiveness of oiling floors and textiles in the control of air‐ and dustborne infections gave a negative result. No difference in the incidence of nosocomial streptococcal infections was noted in a ward treated with oil as compared with a ward that had not been treated. The incidence of streptococcal infections was, however, in general low.
Report of Two Cases of Acrodynia Appearing After Calomel Theraphy but Without Excretion of Mercury in the Urine and Cured With B. A. L.
Authors: HOUET RENÉ
Published: August 2010

Report of two cases of acrodynia appearing three and five weeks after ingestion of calomel are reported. Treatment with large amounts of pyridoxin was ineffective, but the two children recovered quickly after B. A. L. therapy. Using a specific and sensitive method (polarography) no mercury could be found in the urine passed before and during B. A. L. treatment. The author questions if the Warkany‐Fanconi theory of acrodynia being a sensitization to some mercury salte is not too dogmatic to fit to all cases of acrodynia.
Lipochondrodystrophy (Gargoylism, Hurler's Syndrome) with Specific Cutaneous Deposits
Authors: ANDERSSON BJARNE , TANDBERG OLAV
Published: August 2010

A peculiar skin lesion in a 6 1/2 year old boy with gargoylism is described. Biopsy showed vacuolized cells just below the epithelial membrane. These cells had the same microscopic appearance as those appearing in the internal organs of patients with gargoylism who have died. They also reacted in the same manner to various stains. A considerably increased thickness of the dermis with abundant formation of hyaline and collagenous bundles was also observed.
Misleading Results of Pneumoencephalography in an Infant with Severe Hypoglycemic Attacks
Authors: BRANDT SVEN , CHRISTENSEN ERNA , VESTERDAL JØRGEN
Published: August 2010

In a five months old infant with a severe non‐pancreatogenic hypoglycemia of unknown pathogenesis, an encephalogram through suboccipital puncture showed wide areas of air over the left hemisphere.

A ventriculography performed 3 months later showed a moderate dilatation of the ventricular system as well as large accumulations of air over the right hemisphere. On both occasions the air was localized mostly in the subarachnoid space. A severe bilateral cortical atrophy, was diagnosed from these findings. At autopsy, however, almost no atrophy was found, a result quite incompatible with the roentgenograms. This observation is in accordance with those of Zellweger and other authors. The authors conclude that subarachnoid accumulations of air, visible on the encephalogram or ventriculogram, are unreliable as a diagnostic guide in infants.
Traumatic Heart Disease in a 6‐Year Old Girl
Authors: VESTERDAL JØRGEN
Published: August 2010

The author reports a case of ventricular paroxysmal tachycardia combined with atrio‐ventricular block, arising after a fist‐blow in the chest in a girl of six. Sinus rhythm was obtained with quinidine. ACTH had no demonstrable effect on the scar presumably present in the right ventricle.
Vergleichende Untersuchung zur Aminosäurenzusaminensetzung des Gerüsteiweißes von Nabelschnur‐und Erwachsenenerythrozytenstromaten1
Authors: KÜNZER Von WILHELM , SCHÜTZ ERICH
Published: August 2010

Die Aminosäurenzusammensetzung des Gerüsteiweißes von Nabelschmirerythrozytenstroniaten weicht weder in qualitativer noch. in quantitativer Hinsicht von derjenigen des Gerüsteiweißes von Erwachsenerythrozytenenstromaten ab.

Comparative Study on the Composition of Amino‐acids in the Stroma‐proteins of the Erythrocytes in the Umbilical Cord and Those of the Adult.

The composition of amino‐acids in the stroma‐proteins of red blood corpuscles in the umbilical cord is neither qualitatively nor quantitatively different from that of the stroma‐proteins in adult erythrocytes.

Etude comparée de la composition des amino‐acides des albuminoïdes du stroma érythrocytaire du cordon ombilical et des erythrocytes d'adultes.

La composition des amino‐acides des albuminoïdes du stroma érythrocytaire du cordon ombilical et des adultes ne diffère ni qualitativement ni quantitativement.

Estudio comparative entre la constitución aminoácida del armazón proteico del estroma eritrocitario del adulto y el del estroma eritrocitario del cordón umbilical.

La constitución aminoácida del armazón proteico del estroma de los eritrocitos del cordon umbilical no difiere cuantitativa ni cualitativamente de la del armazón proteico del estroma de los eritrocitos del adulto.
Protein Metabolism in Chronic Severe Malnutrition (Kwashiorkor)
Authors: GÓMEZ F. , RAMOS‐GALVÁN R. , CRAVIOTO J. , FRENK S. , PEÑA CARMEN DE LA , MORENO MARÍA ELENA , VILLA MARÍA ELENA
Published: August 2010

Nitrogen balances were done on children affected with chronic severe malnutrition while on a diet of corn‐meal and beans with and without lysine and tryptophane supplements.

Calculated as per cent of intake both absorption and retention of nitrogen were greater when the supplement was added to the basal diet.

Du métabolisme protóique dans la sous‐alimentation chronique grave (Kwashiorkor).

2. Influence des supplements amino‐acides sur l'absorption et la retention d'azotes dans le régime diététique au maïs et aux légumineuses.

Chez des enfants souffrant de sous‐alimentation chronique grave, des balances ont étéétablies pendant un régime diététique de farine de maïs et des légumineuses, avec et sans suppléments de lysine et de tryptophane. Calculées en pourcentages de matière ingérée, l'absorption aussi bien que la rétention d'azotes ont été plus grandes lorsque le suppléement était ajoutó au régime fondamental.

Eiweißstoffwechsel in schwerer chronischer Unterernährung (Kwashiorkor).

2. Einfluss ergänzender Aminosäuren auf die Absorption und Retention von Stickstoff bei einer Mais‐und Bohnendiät.

Stickstoffbilanzuntersuchungen wurden bei Kindern mit schwerer chronischer Unternährung, die an einer Maismehl‐und Bohnendiät mit und ohne Zusatz von Lysin und Tryptophan gehalten waren, durchgeführt. Es zeigte sich, dass sowohl die Absorption als auch die Retention von Stickstoff, ausgedrückt in Prozenten der Einnahme, grösser war, wenn die zugrundeliegende Diät die zusätzlichen Aminosäuren enthielt.

Metabolismo proteico en la desnutrición crónica grave (Kwashiorkor)

2. Influencia de los suplementos aminoácidos en la absorción y retención nitrogénicas bajo un régimen dietético de maíz y legurninosas.

Estableciéronse balanzas nitrogénicas de niños afectos de desnutrición crónica grave, mientras quedaban sometidos a un régimen dietético de harina de maíz y leguminosas, con y sin suplementos de lisinas y triptófano. Calculadas en porcentajes de materia ingerida, tanto la absorción como la retención del nitrógeno, fueron mayores al ser añadido el suplemento a la dieta fundamental.
Untersuchungen über den Stromaprotein‐und Lipoidgehalt von Nabelschnurerythrozyten1
Authors: KÜNZER WILHELM
Published: August 2010

Der Gesarntprotein‐, Gesamtcholesterin‐, Phosphorlipoid‐und Eisengehalt werden an je 10 Stromaproben aus Nabelschnur‐und Erwachsenenblut bestimmt. Bei Bezug auf 1,0 cm3 Erythrozytenbrei weisen die erhaltenen Werte für Nabelschnurery‐throcytenstromata von denjenigen für Erwachsenenerythrozytenstromata keine gesicherten Unterschiede auf.

Investigations into the stromal protein and lipid level of erythrocytes in the umbilical cord.

The total protein, total cholesterol, phospholipid and iron levels were determined each in 10 stromal samples of umbilical cord and adult blood. The values obtained per 1.0 ml erythrocyte pulp showed no definite difference between umbilical‐cord erythrocyte stromata and adult erythrocyte stromata.

Recherches sur la teneur du stroma des érythrocytes du cordon ombilical en protéines et en lipides.

Des déterminations du taux des protéines totales, du cholestérol total, des phospholipides et du fer ont été effectuées sur 10 échantillons de stroma provenant de sang prélevé dans des cordons ombilicaux ainsi que sur 10 échantillons de sang prélevés sur des personnes adultes. Par cm3 de pâte d'érythrocytes, les valeurs obtenues pour les stromas d'érythrocytes provenant de cordons ombilicaux ne s'écartèrent pas sensiblement de celles qui furent trouvées pour les stromas d'érythrocytes provenant du sang de personnes adultes.

Investigaciones sobre el contenido proteico y lipoidico del estroma de los hematies del cordón umbilical.

Se ha determinado el contenido en proteinas totales, colesterina total, fosfolípidos y hierro en 10 muestras de sangre procedente de cordón umbilical y de sujetos adultos. Los valores obtenidos para el estroma de los hematíes procedentes de cordón umbilical, en relación a I cc. de papilla de hematies, no presentan ninguna diferencia significativa con el estroma de los hematies del adulto.
THE VENOUS PLASMA FREE AMINO ACID LEVELS DURING THE FIRST HOURS OF LIFE
Authors: LINDBLAD B. S.
Published: August 2010

During the first hours of extrauterine life the venous plasma of the fasting normal newborn shows a fast decline of valine, leucine, isoleucine, lysine and alanine levels, while the glycine level and the ornithine/arginine quotient seem to increase. These changes are not caused by urinary excretion and are the same as those found in calorie undernutrition.

The fasting newborn of mothers with hypertension of pregnancy, who are underweight and short for gestational age, have increased levels of valine, leucine and isoleucine during the first hours after birth and a tendency towards a more rapid decline of the levels thereafter. The alanine and proline levels seem to “resist” the general decline during the initial fast. These changes in the homeostasis of plasma free amino acids are not due to short gestational period. They are the same as those found in protein deficiency.
ABNORMAL PATTERNS OF URINE AND SERUM AMINO ACIDS IN METHYLMALONIC ACIDEMIA
Authors: HALVORSEN S. , STOKKE O. , ELDIARN L.
Published: August 2010

Abnormal patterns of serum and urine amino acids were found in our patient with the recently discovered inborn error Methylmalonic acidemia. The most distinct findings were increased serum and urine concentrations of lysine and glycine. In addition, the serum levels of leucine, isoleucine, valine, threonine and glutamic acid, and the urinary excretion of valine, threonine and ornithine were increased. Both the clinical picture and the amino acid patterns resemble those found in the ketotic form of Hyperglycinemia. Recent studies indicate that hyperglycinemia consists of at least two separate diseases, methylmalonic acidemia and propionic acidemia.
THE RESULTS OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE THERAPY IN CHRONIC RENAL DISEASES IN CHILDREN AND THE ASSESSMENT OF ERYTHROBLASTS BEHAVIOUR
Authors: HALIKOWSKI B. , KUCHARSKA K. , GARWICZ S. , WYSZKOWSKI J. , SANCEWICZ‐PACH0 K.
Published: August 2010

Immunosuppressive therapy (6‐Mercaptopurine) has been used in 33 children with chronic renal diseases resistant to other therapeutic methods. Peripheral blood counts were done in all the children and in 18 of them bone marrow examinations were performed.

The results of immunosuppressive therapy were encouraging; many compleie and partial remissions being obtained.

Children with nephrotic syndrome showed low percentages of erythroblasts in bone marrow. This was not observed in children suffering from chronic glomerulo‐ and pyelonephritis. Immunosuppressive therapy provoked increase of erythroblasts in bone marrow of children with nephrotic syndrome.
JEJUNAL MUCOSA IN INFANTILE MALNUTRITION
Authors: BERKEL İZZET , KIRAN ÖZDEN , SAY BURHAN
Published: August 2010

Twenty‐six infants with malnutrition and seven controls were studied by routine haematological tests, serum protein levels, glucose tolerance and D‐Xylose absorption tests, jejunal biopsies and intestinal disaccharidase, assays. In conclusion, it can be said that in malnutrition the jejunal mucosa shows some mild or non‐specific histologic changes compatible with malabsorption, which may be reversible. No correlation could be shown between these changes and absorption tests. Malnutrition may also result in secondary intestinal disaccharidase deficiencies which improve with correction of the nutritional state. These secondary enzyme deficiencies may be responsible for some of the diarrhoeas seen in marasmic children. No direct correlation between anaemia, iron‐deficiency, folic acid levels, protein deficiency and intestinal mucosal changes could be established in this study.
CHROMOSOMAL CONDITIONS IN CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
Authors: DAHL GUDRUN
Published: August 2010

Chromosome studies were made in 100 patients with congenital cardiovascular disease. Twelve patients had Down's syndrome with trisomy G. Four patients had Turner's syndrome with karyotype 45/XO. In one patixt, isozhromosomy or pericentric inverrion of the Y chromosome was found, and was also found in the paternal grandfather, the father and the brother, none of whom had malformations. One patient who also had severe extracardiac malformations, had partial trisomy of a group C chromosome and translocation C/D. Trans‐location C/D was found in the father and sister, who were phenotypically normal. In the remaining 82 patients, normal chromosomal conditions were found, although 2 patients had presumably insignificant chromosomal variations.
CYSTATHIONINURIA IN CHILDREN WITH NEUROBLASTOMA WITH AND WITHOUT METASTASIS
Authors: STUDNITZ WILFRIED v.
Published: August 2010

Cystathioninuria was demonstrated in 14 of 20 children (aged 1 month to 6 years) with neuroblastoma associated with increased cate‐cholamine production. In 4 of these 14 patients no metastasis could be detected. Two of the 6 children without cystathioninuria had metastasis. Cystathioninuria appeared to occur more frequent in children with neuroblastoma in the age below 1 year. Cystathioninuria in neuro‐blastoma is not an early sign of the disease and is not a reliable sign of metastasis.
HEREDITARY ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA
Authors: SAMUELSON GÖSTA
Published: August 2010

Two case? of ectodermal dysplasia, diagnosed at the ages of 2 1/2 years and 7 months, are described. The main signs were hypodontia, hypotrichosis and hypo‐ or anhidrosis. In both cases the temperature instability was a pronounced clinical problem. In one of the two cases bilateral glaucoma was diagnosed at the age of 10 months.
VALUE OF BRAIN SCANNING IN PEDIATRIC SUBDURAL COLLECTIONS
Authors: PIEPSZ A. , BORMANS J. , SEGERS A. , NOTERMAN J. , DECOSTRE P.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Piepsz, A., Bormans, J., Segers, A., Noterman, J. and Decostre, P. (Departments of Paediatrics, Radioisotopes and Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium). Value of brain scanning in pediatric subdural collections. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:2, 1965.–Eighteen children with subdural collections were submitted to brain scintigraphy. By this method, idopathic and post‐traumatic hematomas were detected in 40% of the cases, and subdural effusions in 70% of the cases. No false‐negative results were noted in the 3 cases of empyema. Several false‐positive images were recorded, most of them following purulent meningitis, without any satisfactory explanation. Neither the technique of scintigraphy used in the department, the dimensions of the skull, the age of hematoma, nor the presence of membranes seemed to affect the accuracy of the method. Compared with the other easily performed examinations (eye fundus, EEG, Echo), scintigraphy still remains important in the diagnosis of subdural collections in children.
LUNG EXPANSION and THE FORMATION OF THE ALVEOLAR LINING LAYER IN THE FULLTERM NEWBORN RABBIT
Authors: GROSSMANN GERTIE , ROBERTSON BENGT
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Grossmann, G. and Robertson, B. (Department of pediatric Pathology, Karolinska sjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden, and Department of Pathology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada). Lung expansion and the formation of the alveolar lining layer in the fullterm newborn rabbit. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:7, 1975.–Light and electron microscopic studies of lungs from fullterm newborn rabbits, 0–24 hours after birth, revealed a patchy alveolar air expansion during the first few hours of extrauterine life. Fairly uniform aeration of alveoli was noted 6–24 hours after birth but minor “unexpanded” areas were still present after 24 hours. In the fetal pulmonary fluid as well as in the alveolar lining layer formed after the onset of breathing there are multiple large phospholipid complexes, and a discontinuous multilamellar surface film can be demonstrated in some alveoli from 2 hours after birth. Apparently, the neonatal adaptation of the rabbit lung is a protracted process, not even complete at the age of 24 hours.
OXIDATION OF GLUCOSE and D‐B‐OH‐BUTYRATE BY THE EARLY HUMAN FETAL BRAIN
Authors: ADAM PETER A. J. , RÄIHÄ NIELS , RÄHIALÄ EEVA‐LIISA , KEKOMÄKI MARTTI
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Adam, P. A. J., Räihä, N., Rahiala, E.‐L. and Kekomäki, M. (Departments of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University at Cleveland Metropolitan General Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio USA, and the University of Helsinki at the Children's Hospital, Helsinki, Finland). Oxidation of glucose and D‐B‐OH‐butyrate by the early human fetal brain. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:17, 1975.–The isolated brains of 12 previable human fetuses obtained at 12 to 21 weeks' gestation, were perfused through the interval carotid artery with glucose (3 mM) and/or DL‐B‐OH‐butyrate (DL‐BOHB), 4.5 mM, plus tracer quantities of either glucose‐6‐14C (G614C) or β‐OH‐butyrate‐3‐14C (BOHB314C). Oxidative metabolism was demonstrated by serial collection of gaseous 14CO2 from the closed perfusion system, and from the recirculating medium. Glucose and BOHB were utilized at physiological rates as indicated (mean ±SEM): G614C at 0.10±0.01 μmoles/min g brain (n=7) or 17.5±1.9 μmoles/ min kg fetus; and BOHB314C at 0.16±0.05 μmoles/min g (n=5) or 27.3±7.4 μmoles/ min kg.

Based on fetal weight, glucose metabolism by brain apparently accounted for about 1/3 of basal glucose utilization in the fetus. On a molar basis BOHB314C was taken up at 1.47 times the rate of G614C. Both BOHB314C and G6 14C were converted to 14C02. The rate of BOHB314C conversion to 14CO2 was equal to its rate of consumption, and exceeded the conversion of glucose to CO2 because 45% of the G614C was incorporated into lactate‐14C. Accordingly, both substrates support oxidative metabolism by brain; and BOHB is a major potential alternate fuel which can replace glucose early in human development.
TREATMENT OF MENINGITIS and SEPTICEMIA IN INFANCY WITH A SULPHAMETHOXAZOLE/TRIMETHOPRIM COMBINATION
Authors: SABEL K.‐G. , BRANDBERG Å.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Sabel, K.‐G. and Brandberg, Å. (Department of Paediatrics and Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Göteborg, Sweden). Treatment of meningitis and septicemia in infancy with a sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim combination. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:25, 1975.–Ten infants, 8 days to 10 months old, with meningitis and/or septicemia were considered therapeutic failures after conventional antibiotic treatment (i.e. kanamycin, ampicillin and sulfonamides) and given sulphame‐thoxazole and trimethoprim parenterally. Nine patients recovered, 8 of them rapidly, and one after prolonged treatment for 34 days when kanamycin was added to the combination. One infant improved but later died of complications not related to the treatment. High concentrations in serum and cerebrospinal fluid were achieved with a daily dose of 30–40 mg sulphamethoxazole and 6–8 mg trimethoprim per kg without signs of accumulation. No change in resistance of the bacteria isolated was seen. A hemolytic reaction, probably due to the propylene glycol in the solution, was seen in one case. Other possible side‐effects in this age‐group are discussed. The antibiotic combination used seems to be a good alternative in the therapy of bacterial meningitis of infants caused by gram‐negative bacteria. However it should still not be given to icteric or very immature infants and probably not during the first week of life.
PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS OF METHYLMALONIC ACIDURIA
Authors: MAHONEY MAURICE J. , ROSENBERG LEON E. , L1NDBLAD BENGT , WALDENSTROM JOHAN , ZETTERSTROM ROLF
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Mahoney, M. J., Rosenberg, L. E., Lindblad, B., Waldenström, J. and Zetterström, R. (Departments of Human Genetics and Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven, USA, the Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden and the Department of Pediatrics, Karolinska Institutet, St. Göran's Hospital for Children, Stockholm, Sweden). Prenatal diagnosis of methylmalonic aciduria. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64: 44, 1975.–Prenatal diagnosis using amniocentesis was sought in two midtrimester pregnancies, each at risk for a different type of inherited methylmalonic aciduria. In one pregnancy a normal fetus was diagnosed from studies of cultured amniotic fluid cells and the diagnosis confirmed after the baby was born. In the second pregnancy a fetus with a methylmalonyl‐CoA mutase apoenzyme defect was found. The diagnosis was based on Cultured cell studies and supported by an elevation of methyl‐malonate in both amniotic fluid and maternal urine. Confirmatory studies were obtained using cultured cells from the aborted fetus. At the present time, assays of cultured amniotic fluid cells are imperative for firm diagnosis. With more experience, quantities of amniotic fluid and maternal urine methylmalonate may prove sufficient if differentiation among the various types of methylmalonic aciduria is not required.
THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURES ON PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE and BLOOD GAS CHANGES AFTER BIRTH
Authors: TUNELL RAGNAR
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Tunell, R. (Department of Paediatrics, Karolinska Sjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden). The influence of different environmental temperatures on pulmonary gas exchange and blood gas changes after birth. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:57, 1975.–The oxygen uptake (Vo2) and respiratory exchange ratio (R) was determined during the first 20 min and at one and at 2 hours after birth in 16 healthy full‐term newborn infants studied in different environmental temperatures. Arterial blood gases and acid‐base balance were determined on repeated blood samples from the abdominal aorta. The infants were grouped in a “warm” group (n= 10) where efforts were made to avoid cooling after birth, and a “cold” group (n=6) where a decrease in rectal temperature to a mean value of 35.4oC at 2 hours occurred. Irrespective of environmental temperature, Vo2 was approximately 10 ml/kg min during the first 8 min after birth, thereafter decreasing to about 6–7 ml/kg min. During the first 8 min the main increase in Pa02 occurred and about 2 ml/kg min of the V0 was accounted for by changes in oxygen stores after birth. At 16–20 min and at 60 min after birth a negative relationship was found between Vo2 and Pao2 During the period 8–120 min after birth a close relationship was found between Vo2 and the degree of muscular activity. Within 4–16 min after birth, R values above 1.0 were regularly found simultaneously with the main decrease in Paco2. In infants kept “cold” a tendency to hyperventilate was found, probably elicited by cold stimuli. The rapid drop in deep body temperature regularly seen after birth could thus not be explained by a limited ability to increase pulmonary gas exchange. A high degree of evaporative heat loss, a relatively low “basal” metabolic rate and a limited response in “non‐shivering thermogenesis” seem to be the main reasons for the heat loss after birth.
PULMONARY MECHANICS IN INFANTS SURVIVING SEVERE NEONATAL RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY
Authors: AHLSTRÖM HANS
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Ahlström, H. (Departments of Paediatrics and Clinical Physiology, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden). Pulmonary mechanics in infants surviving severe neonatal respiratory insufficiency. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:69, 1975.–Pulmonary mechanics was studied in 24 survivors of severe neonatal ventilatory insufficiency, 15 infants had idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS), 6 recurrent severe apnoeic spells, and 3 postasphyxia syndrome. Of the infants with IRDS, 5 were treated with intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV), 3 with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) via an endotracheal tube and 7 with CPAP applied via a face chamber. The other infants were all treated with IPPV. IPPV‐treated infants generally had lower than expected values of dynamic compliance and pulmonary conductance, particularly after prolonged treatment. All infants treated with CPAP via a face chamber had normal mechanics, but a trend towards obstruction of the airways after varying periods of time was observed in most infants, irrespective of diagnosis or treatment. One infant treated with CPAP via an endotracheal tube and given pure oxygen for a long time had gross abnormalities suggesting bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Measurement of pulmonary conductance appears to be a reliable prognostic tool as concerns pulmonary symptoms later in infancy.
THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN CHILDHOOD
Authors: JODAL ULF
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Jodal, U. (Institute of Medical Microbiology and Department of Pediatrics, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden). The immune response to urinary tract infections in childhood. I. Serological diagnosis of primary symptomatic infection in girls by indirect hemagglutination. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:96, 1975.–Determination of antibodies to E. coli O antigen by indirect hemagglutination for detection of acute pyelonephritis was investigated in sequences of sera from 94 girls with their first known attack of symptomatic urinary tract infection. Using O antigen from the infecting bacterial strain or a standard strain increased antibody titres were found among pyelonephritis patients in 89% in unreduced sera (mainly 19 S antibodies) and in 81% in reduced sera (mainly 7 S antibodies) compared to a control material of 643 healthy children. Significant changes of these antibody titres occurred in 74 and 39% respectively. Analysis of maximal titres as well as titre changes in both unreduced and reduced sera showed diagnostic‐ally significant changes in two or more of these four parameters in 89% of patients with pyelonephritis. In contrast one parameter with such changes was found among the cystitis patients in only 5%. Employing a pool of 8 common O antigens, increased antibody titres were detected in 76% of patients with pyelonephritis. A larger pool of 68 antigens was no better and had a low capacity to detect 7 S antibodies. Optimal time for blood sampling was 2 to 3 weeks after onset of symptoms.
GASTRIC ASPIRATE ANALYSIS IN THE NEWBORN
Authors: POLE J. R. GRAHAM , McALLISTER T. A.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Graham Pole, J. and McAllister, T. A. (Departments of Child Health and Bacteriology. Royal Hospital for Sick Children and Queen Mother's Hospital, Yorkhill, Glasgow, Scotland). Gastric‐aspirate analysis in the newborn. Acta Paediatr Seand 64: 109, 1975.–The value of gastric aspirate analysis in screening for perinatal infection is disputed. We have studied the cellularity and bacterial content of 231 aspirates from 105 normal, infected and asphyxiated infants, with the following conclusions: (1) A positive culture has no pathological significance. (2). Aspirate cellularity does not correlate with bacterial culture results. (3) An excess of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL) in aspirates collected at birth is a pathological but non‐specific stress response. (4) After birth there is a physiological rise and fall in the aspirate PMNL content parallel to that in the peripheral blood. Aspirate cellularity and bacterial culture are therefore of limited value in the diagnosis of neonatal pneumonia.
Hormonal Changes during Development in Turner's Syndrome
Authors: VLIET G. VAN
Published: August 2010

The hormonal changes observed during infancy, childhood and adolescence in patients with Turner's syndrome are reviewed, with particular emphasis on gonadotrophins and GH. The relative roles of gonadal insufficiency, maturation of the CNS and disturbed body composition (i.e. obesity) are discussed with respect to the endocrine findings.
Auxological and Biochemical Assessment of Short Stature
Authors: HINDMARSH P.C. , BROOK C.G.D.
Published: August 2010

Measurements of height and calculation of height velocity are highly accurate and sensitive to changes in a child's health. Definition of normality must be based on height velocity, and it is not acceptable to label a child as short and normal purely on the basis of a biochemical test unless this is substantiated with the demonstration of a normal height velocity. Response to therapy is dependent on the child's pretreatment growth rate and also on the amount of GH administered and the frequency of administration.
Somatonorm Post‐Marketing Surveillance Study (UK and Ireland, 1986‐1987): a Preliminary Report
Authors: WILD R. N.
Published: August 2010

A PMS study in the UK and Ireland recruited 581 children, mainly with GH deficiency, for treatment with Somatonorm and observation for 1 year; only 1 child proved totally non‐evaluable. The mean dose prescribed was 0.41 IU/kg/week, with 56% of children receiving below the recommended dose. Underdosing was reflected particularly by the low growth rates of pubertal children. Somatonorm was safe, with a low incidence of reported events, of which lipoatrophy (in 6 cases) was the most common. Antibody assays were seldom requested and always negative.
Clinical Experience with Genotropin in Growth Hormone Deficient Children
Authors: WILTON P. , GUNNARSSON R.
Published: August 2010

The efficacy of Genotropin (recombinant somatropin, KabiVitrum AB, Sweden) was analysed in 194 children with GH deficiency, comprising a combined series of four multicentre trials. The linear height velocity increased from 3.3±1.4 to 9.3±2.6 cm/year in 149 prepubertal children with 12 months’data available. In 18 pubertal children the pretreatment height velocity was 4.0±1.2, and increased to 8.4±1.7 cm/year during 12 months of treatment. There was a positive correlation between the gain in height velocity and the weekly dose of Genotropin. Covariance analysis revealed significantly greater height velocity with 6‐7 injections/week compared to 2‐3 injections/week; corrections for chronological age, bone age, height SD score and dose were made. On average, a regimen of 6‐7 injections/week was 25% more effective than one of 2‐3 injections/week corresponding to an extra gain in height velocity of 1.8±0.6 cm/year. At 12 months, only 0.9% of the children had developed anti‐GH antibodies. Very few side‐effects have been reported from more than 1000 children on Genotropin.
Simplified Growth Hormone Therapy — First Clinical Experience with the KabiPen
Authors: ALBERTSSON‐WIKLAND K.
Published: August 2010

For 30 years, GH deficient children have been treated with human GH. Earlier, therapy was given by intramuscular injections, but recently subcutaneous injections have been used. For the last few years, many children have been given daily injections, which have proved more effective. The form in which GH is supplied and administered entails taking an inconvenient hospital method into the daily family routine. The need to simplify the method of administration of GH has been fulfilled by a multidose vial for recombinant somatropin, developed to be used in an injection pen, the KabiPen. In the first clinical trial of 40 children, aged 2.5‐21 years, all the families found the KabiPen to be much more convenient, less time‐consuming, and easier when travelling; it also requires less space in the refrigerator and is easier for the child to handle. Most of the children found the KabiPen injections less painful, due to a finer and sharper needle and a smaller injection volume. Out of the 40 families, as many as 34 wanted to continue with the KabiPen after the 1‐month trial.
Growth and Sexual Maturation in Paediatric Patients Treated by Dialysis and Following Kidney Transplantation
Authors: DIEMEN‐STEENVOORDE R. VAN , DONCKERWOLCKE R. A.
Published: August 2010

Linear growth and sexual maturation were assessed in 48 children during dialysis treatment and in 68 children following renal transplantation. Height at the onset of haemodialysis treatment was more than 2 SD below the mean in 33% of prepubertal children. During dialysis treatment most children showed a progressive deterioration in SD score. The onset of puberty and sexual maturation was delayed but was in accordance with bone age. After transplantation 59% of prepubertal children had a normal height increment. Onset of puberty was recorded at a chronological age of 14.6 ± 1.9 years in boys and 13.3 ± 1.9 years in girls. The peak of the pubertal growth spurt was 6.6 ± 1.6 cm/year in boys and 6.5 ± 2.9 cm/year in girls. The duration of pubertal development in transplanted children was within normal limits. In transplanted girls menarche was achieved at a mean chronological age of 15.9 years and bone age of 12.9 years. Adult height was achieved at a mean age of 20.3 years in men and 18.7 years in women. Overall, one third of the children attained an adult height more than 2 SD below the mean. These data indicate that poor growth is achieved in most children on dialysis treatment; following transplantation normal growth may be restored. However, poor growth before kidney transplantation and the loss of growth potential during pubertal development have a great influence on adult height.
Disturbed Pubertal Growth in Girls after Acute Leukaemia: a Relative Growth Hormone Insufficiency with Late Presentation
Authors: MOËLL C.
Published: August 2010

Long‐term follow‐up of growth and development after acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in childhood has previously been limited to the prepubertal period. This study describes pubertal growth, final height and the spontaneous secretion of GH in girls treated for ALL, including CNS irradiation with 24 Gy. Ten girls, treated earlier for ALL, experienced the menarche at a mean age of 12.2 years. This is significantly earlier than the mean for Swedish girls. Prepubertal growth was near normal after the end of therapy for leukaemia. Mean final height was ‐1.7 SD, which is 1.5 SD less than at onset and 1.0 SD less than 1 year after the end of treatment. Thirteen other girls had a blunted spontaneous secretion of GH, several years after treatment for ALL: there was no increase in GH secretion during puberty. These results suggest that girls who have been treated for ALL, including CNS irradiation, have a relative GH insufficiency. This insufficiency becomes obvious only when the girls cannot respond to the increased need for GH during the pubertal spurt.
Antibody Responses to Parenteral and Oral Vaccines Are Impaired by Conventional and Low Protein Formulas as Compared to Breast‐feeding
Authors: HAHN‐ZORIC M. , FULCONIS F. , MINOLI I. , MORO G. , CARLSSON B. , BÖTTIGER M. , RÄHÄ N. , HANSON L. Å.
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. The vaccine response to poliovirus, diphtheria and tetanus toxoids in relation to protein intake was studied in infants, either breast‐fed or given low (1.1 g/100 ml) or conventional (1.5 g/100 ml) protein formula. Serum, salivá and faeces antibodies were measured by the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Neutralizing poliovirus antibodies were determined. The serum, saliva and faeces antibody responses in the two formula‐fed groups of infants did not differ significantly, but for the low protein formula group which had significantly higher serum neutralizing titres to poliovirus after the second vaccine dose than the conventional formula group. However, the breast‐fed group had significantly higher antibody levels than the two formula‐fed groups together: serum IgG to diphtheria toxoid (p<0.01) and serum neutralization of poliovirus (p<0.001) at 21‐40 months of age, saliva secretory IgA to tetanus (p<0.01), diphtheria toxoid (p<0.01) and poliovirus (p<0.05), as well as faecal IgM to tetanus toxoid (p<0.05) and poliovirus (p <0.01 and p <0.05) at 3 and 4 months of age. Breast‐fed infants thus showed better serum and secretory responses to peroral and parenteral vaccines than the formula‐fed, whether with a conventional or low protein content.
Comparing Cause‐Specific Infant Mortality in a West German State and the United States of America
Authors: TANGERMANN RUDOLF H. , McCARTHY BRIAN J. , SCHMIDT EBERHARD
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. The infant mortality rate in North Rhine Westphalia (NRW), the most populous West German state, has continuously been around 10 % higher than the German national average in the post‐war period. Using white singleton data from the US 1980 National Infant Mortality Surveillance project (NIMS) and similar 1980/1981 data from NRW we compared infant mortality by birthweight and cause to describe the distribution of excess mortality in NRW. The US infant mortality rate was 8.7 deaths per 1000 live births, compared with 13.1/1000 for NRW (rate difference: 4.3/1000). Of the 4.3/1000 overall rate difference, 1.9/1000 was attributable to neonatal deaths, 2.4/1000 to postneonatal deaths. A major proportion, 2.0/1000, of the overall rate difference of 4.3/1000 was attributable to normal birthweight deaths postneonatally. 0.85/1000 of this 2.0/1000 rate difference was attributable to SIDS, 0.44/1000 to external causes and 0.42/1000 to infections.
Acute Increase in Serum Tonicity Following Exchange Transfusion
Authors: BLAZER S. , LINN S. , HOCHERMAN I. , ALON U. , SUJOV P.
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. We analysed the data of difference in serum sodium (DIFNA) and glucose (DIFGLU) concentrations and difference in serum tonicity (DIFTON) following exchange transfusion (ET) with CPD blood during 122 consecutive procedures performed in 82 newborn infants. Mean (± SE) gestational age (GA) was 30.8 ± 0.45 weeks, mean birthweight was 1568.6 ± 81.4 g, and mean age at time of ET (AGEH) was 60.6 ± 4.3 h. Following the ET, mean serum sodium concentration increased in 110 cases, by 5.4 ± 0.7 mmol/1, and the mean DIFTON rose by 14.6 ± 1.46 mOsm/kg H2O. Mean DIFGLU rose in 111 cases by 3.8 ± 0.3 mmol/1. Significant correlations were found between DIFNA and AGEH (p<0.02), and between DIFTON and AGEH (p<0.02). ET performed < 48 h after birth produced higher DIFTON values than later transfusions (21.2 vs. 8.2 mOsm/kg H2O, p<0.001) particularly in the VLBW infants (31.1 in < 28 weeks vs. 15.1 mOsm/kg H2O in >28 weeks). VLBW neonates appear to be at greatest risk of developing extreme increments in serum tonicity following ET performed within the first 48 h of life.
Neonatal Hypothyroidism: Comparison of Radioisotope and Ultrasound Imaging in 54 Cases
Authors: DE BRUYN R. , NG W. K. , TAYLOR J. , CAMPBELL F. , MITTON S. G. , DICKS‐MIREAUX C. , GRANT D. B.
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. Fifty‐four neonates with congenital hypothyroidism identified by the North East and North West Thames Regional hypothyroid screening programme between January 1985 and December 1987 were investigated with radioisotope (Tc99m) and ultrasound scans of the thyroid before treatment with 1‐thyroxine was commenced. Compared with the radioisotope scans, ultrasound identified normally sited thyroid tissue in only 7 out of 10 cases, and ectopic thyroid tissue in only 5 out of 26 cases. Three out of 18 cases with no isotope uptake in the neck appeared to have normally sited tissue on ultrasound scan. We conclude that in our hands ultrasound of the neck is of only limited value in the assessment of young infants with congenital hypothyroidism.
Nitrofurantoin versus Trimethoprim Prophylaxis in Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection in Children
Authors: BRENDSTRUP L. , HJELT K. , PETERSEN K. E. , PETERSEN S. , ANDERSEN E. A. , DAUGBJERG P. S. , STAGEGAARD B. R. , NIELSEN O. H. , VEJLSGAARD R. , SCHOU G. , HANSEN A. , HVORSLEV V. , JENSEN V. BRÆNDHOLT , PAGH B. , PÆRREGAARD A. , SARDEMANN H. , SØRENSEN T. , VRANG C.
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. The efficiency of nitrofurantoin and trimethoprim prophylaxis in preventing recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI) was compared by means of actuarial percentage recurrence‐free curves in a randomized, double blind study in 130 children (126 girls, 4 boys) aged 1 to 14 years (mean 7.5). The children received the antibiotics for 6 months. Nitrofurantoin proved to be the most efficient prophylactic drug in patients with abnormal urography and/or reflux (n=60) as evaluated by actuarial percentage recurrence‐free analysis (p= 0.0025). However, no differences was found in patients without urinary tract abnormalities. Nitrofurantoin prophylaxis altered neither the pattern of resistance nor the bacteriological constellation, while patients receiving trimethoprim prophylaxis had 76% trimethoprim resistant bacteria during prophylaxis, compared with 8% before (p<0.0001) and 17% after (p<0.0001) prophylaxis. The percentage of recurrences due to E. coli (70‐80%) was unaffected by trimethoprim prophylaxis, but the proportion due to trimethoprim resistant E. coli was significantly higher during prophylaxis (65%) than before (6%, p<0.0001) and after (11%, p<0.001). The percentage of Staphylococcus epidermidis UTI was significantly higher during trimethoprim prophylaxis (27%) than before (2%, p<0.0003). Following prophylaxis there was no difference in the actuarial percentage recurrence‐free curves of the two regimens. Side effects occurred more frequently in the nitrofurantoin group (37%)than in the trimethoprim group (21%) (p=0.05). The majority of side effects in the nitrofurantoin group derived from gastrointestinal symptoms. In conclusion, nitrofurantoin is recommended as the first choice prophylactic treatment of children with recurrent UTI and urinary tract abnormalities.
Congenital Mumps Pneumonia: a Rare Cause of Neonatal Respiratory Distress
Authors: GROENENDAAL F. , ROTHBARTH P. H. , van den ANKER J. N. , SPRITZER R.
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. A case of a full term infant with severe neonatal respiratory distress due to mumps infection is reported. Pregnancy was complicated by a self‐limited febrile illness of the mother about two weeks before birth. Foetal heart rate patterns and delivery were normal. Immediately after birth the infant needed mechanical ventilation. Bacterial infections, as well as congenital cardiac or pulmonary malformations were excluded. The infant showed serologic evidence of mumps infection: IgM antibodies to mumps virus were highly positive. He expired on the 9th day of life due to bilateral pneumothoraces and pneumopericardium. Post‐mortem examination showed interstitial pneumonia with intra‐alveolar multinucleated giant cells, suggesting viral disease. This case demonstrates, that mumps pneumonia should be included in the differential diagnosis of severe neonatal respiratory distress in fullterm neonates.
Sonographic Diagnosis of Adrenal Hemorrhage in Patients with Fulminant Meningococcal Septicemia
Authors: ENRIQUEZ G. , LUCAYA J. , DOMINGUEZ P. , ASO C.
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. We report two patients with fulminant meningococcal septicemia, in whom massive bilateral adrenal hemorrhages were diagnosed by ultrasound. Low plasma cortisol levels were found in one patient who eventually died. The other patient survived and has remained asymptomatic for the last three years. His adrenal function is normal. We suggest that routine ultrasound examination should be performed in patients with meningococcal sepsis and shock in order to clarify the prevalence of a renal hemorrhage. Determination of plasma cortisol levels in patients with adrenal hemorrhage, would allow identification of those with adrenal insufficiency who may benefit from steroid replacement.
Potentially Life‐Threatening Cardiac Dysrhythmia in a Child with Selenium Deficiency and Phenylketonuria
Authors: GREEVES L. G. , CARSON D. J. , CRAIG B. G. , McMASTER D.
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. Selenium deficiency is a frequent finding in children with phenylketonuria (PKU) receiving dietary treatment. We report the occurrence of episodic ventricular tachycardia in a 9‐month‐old infant with PKU. Serum selenium (Se), 0.13 μmol/1 (normal range 0.28–1.12 μmol/1, mean ± 2 SD), and whole blood glutathione peroxidase (GSHPX), 16 U/g Hb (normal range 19.5–34.3 U/g Hb, mean ± 2 SD), were low. Auscultation of cardiac rhythm is recommended during the routine follow‐up of young children with PKU. Se deficiency should be considered in the aetiology of a dysrhythmia and corrected with Se supplementation.
Studies on Adherence and Outer Membrane Protein of Enteropathogenic Escherichiai coli 0127: H6 and Their Related Plasmids
Authors: And SHI‐XIAO WU , PENG RUO‐QI
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. The following characteristics were found in 20 epidemic strains of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) 0127: H6 isolated from an outbreak of neonatal diarrhea: 1) Absent Vero toxin production; 2) No potential for invasiveness; 3) Possession of 1.5 and 60 Md plasmid identical restriction digest and outer membrane protein (OMP) patterns; 4) Ability of localized adherence to HEp‐2, HeLa and FL cells; 5) Capability to cause diarrhea in rabbits with destruction of the ileal microvilli at the areas of bacterial adherence. After elimination of the 60 Md plasmid from EPEC 0127: H6 the 45 and 82 Kd OMPs of the parent strain were lost. These plasmid‐cured strains became non‐adherent to HEp‐2, HeLa and FL cells, and unable to cause diarrhea in rabbits. These results suggest that the pathogenic mechanism of EPEC 0127: H6 induced diarrhea may be related to the genes on a 60 Md plasmid expressed as 45 and 82 Kd OMPs which cause localized adherence to epithelial cells and destruction of ileal microvilli. This damage leads to a marked reduction in absorptive surface area, resulting in diarrhea.
Immunoglobulin and Complement Studies in Children with Schönlein‐Henoch Syndrome and Other Vasculitic Diseases
Authors: PETERSEN STEN , TAANING ELLEN , SÖDERSTROM TOMMY , PILGAARD BENTE , TRANEBJÆRG LISBETH , CHRISTENSEN TOM , NIELSEN HANS ERIK
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. In 35 children with Schonlein‐Henoch Syndrome (SHS) serum IgG, IgM, and IgA concentrations were increased in 15%, 21%, and 44% of cases, respectively. Seven children with other vasculitic syndromes (VS) had normal serum Ig concentrations. Serum concentration of IgG subclass IgG1 was increased in 72% of children with SHS and 57% with VS. In SHS this was related to the presence of arthritis, but inversely related to nephritic symptoms. Only a few children had IgC subclasses IgG2, IgG3, or IgG4 concentrations outside the normal ranges. Platelet associated Ig (PAIg) was found in 75% of children with SHS or VS. In SHS the identification of increased amounts of PAIgG was related to the presence of nephritis. The serum concentration of properdin, a component of the alternative complement system, was reduced in 21% of children with SHS. This was related to the presence of abdominal symptoms or nephritis. No cases of retinal vasculitis was observed, but 4 of 22 children with SHS had punctuate retinal haemorrhages. SHS and VS may be clinical variations of the same syndrome. The immunological aspects indicate a close relationship with autoimmune diseases.