bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kant y la condición humana
Authors: González Vallejos Miguel Ángel
Published: May 2020

El artículo analiza el concepto de mal radical de Kant y sostiene que su explicación del mal utiliza un modelo reconstructivo que niega la atribución de los modelos de adicción o del mal hábito. Se critica la tesis de la “revolución en la disposición moral fundamental”, primero, porque Kant abandona el método fenomenológico-trascen- dental y, segundo, por el carácter semipelagiano de su argumentación.
Realismo estructural óntico y modalidad
Authors: Borge Bruno
Published: May 2020

En el presente trabajo analizo críticamente dos estrategias empleadas para esclarecer la naturaleza modal de las estructuras tal como son concebidas por el realismo estructural óntico (reo) en su versión eliminativista: los patrones reales de Ladyman y Ross (2007) y las leyes y simetrías de French (2014). Ofrezco argumentos para mostrar que ambas resultan incapaces de brindar una caracterización de las estructuras como entidades inherentemente modales. Ese resultado impone serias dificultades al proyecto de presentar el reo como una posición realista acerca del mundo físico.
Assessing the Quality of Paraphrases Written by Third Year Costa Rican EFL Students
Authors: Zúñiga Coudin Randolph , Vargas Vásquez José Miguel
Published: May 2020

The aim of this study was to assess factors affecting the quality of paraphrases written by college level EFL learners. A three-dimensional paraphrasing competence model by McCarthy, Guess, and McNamara (2009) was followed to assess the texts for seman- tic completeness, lexical difference, and syntactic difference. The selected method was a mixed method approach. The quantitative analysis was used to measure the rate of success of each paraphrasing competence whereas the qualitative analysis aimed to de- scribe the perceived difficulty of the competences and the reasons behind it. The subjects were 17 EFL students enrolled in a third year English composition course at the Univer- sity of Costa Rica. The corpus of the study consisted of 51 paraphrases. Following three rounds of examinations and the analysis of students’ perceptions, the lexical dimension emerged as the most challenging area interfering with paraphrase quality, with seman- tic completeness also emerging as difficult. Other factors affecting paraphrase quality were inappropriate use of passive voice, style and register, and inaccurate lexical substi- tutions. The study concluded with recommendations to improve instructional cycles by reinforcing reading comprehension and lexical development, and by assessing the differ- ent dimensions of paraphrasing separately.
Mal de débarquement szindróma – „partraszállási betegség”
Authors: Varga Zsuzsa , Horváth Barnabás , Liktor Bálint , Szirmai Ágnes , Tamás T. László , Horváth Tamás
Published: May 2020

Absztrakt:

A mal de débarquement szindróma ritka, vestibularis kórkép; legfőbb
jellegzetessége az utazás, mozgó járművön (hajón, repülőn) tartózkodás után vagy
spontán kialakuló tartós, hintázó, billegő egyensúlyzavar. A tünetek átmenetileg
megszűnnek ismételt járműre szállás, például autóval utazás során. A krónikus
fáradtság, szorongás, depresszió gyakran társuló panaszok. A diagnózis
felállítása kihívást jelent, sokszor a páciensek maguk ismerik fel a betegséget.
A pontos patofiziológia és definitív kezelési mód nem ismert, az optokineticus
stimulációval végzett kezelés és a transcranialis mágneses stimuláció új
terápiás perspektívát kínál. Tanulmányunkban 5 beteget mutatunk be, akiknél
tartós, hónapokon át fennálló, folyamatos, imbolygó jellegű egyensúlyzavar
alakult ki. Vizsgálatuk során normál belsőfül-funkciót vagy nem specifikus
eltéréseket, továbbá negatív koponya mágneses rezonanciás vizsgálati leletet
regisztráltunk. A kórlefolyás bemutatásán keresztül feltárjuk azokat a
differenciáldiagnosztikai kérdéseket, amelyek segítségül szolgálnak a kórkép
felismerésében. Ismertetjük az etiológiai háttérre vonatkozó elméleteket, a
különböző kezelési módokkal elért nemzetközi eredményeket, továbbá a saját
beteganyagunkon alkalmazott terápiás próbálkozásokat. A mal de débarquement
szindróma diagnózisa kizáráson alapul, gyakran nem kerül felismerésre. Típusos
kórtörténet, negatív vagy nem specifikus vizsgálati eredmények mellett érdemes
megfontolni e kórkép diagnózisát. A korai diagnózis csökkentheti az orvosi
vizitek és a nélkülözhető vizsgálatok számát. A gyakori diagnosztikus tévedés
tovább fokozhatja a betegséggel társuló romló életminőséget, szorongást,
depressziót. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(20): 846–851.
Konstruksi Alat Ukur Kepemimpinan Spiritual dalam Keluarga
Authors: Nisrina Hasna Esa , Faruq Muhammad Irsyad , Masruroh Rina , Nurlatifah Siti Sa'adah , Nisa Siti Khairun
Published: April 2020

This study aims to examine spiritual leadership in the context of the head of the family. The spiritual leadership concept is lifted from Fry (2003) which is defined as a matter that consists of values, attitudes, and behaviors needed to intrinsically motivate oneself or others so that they have a sense of survival through spiritual vocation and membership.  The construct approach used is the modification approach.  The number of samples in this study amounted to 405 subjects with purposive sampling.  The content validation used is in the form of CFA. Of the five dimensions measured, there is one falling dimension in testing, namely the meaning dimension. The other four dimensions, namely vision, altruistic love, hope/faith, and membership, can be measured by 26 valid and reliable items based on the confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach alpha test. Measuring instruments developed can be used again for further research.
Voice Pathology Detection based on Analysis of Modulation Spectrum in Critical Bands
Authors: Vashkevich Maksim , Azarov Ilya
Published: April 2020

The paper presents an approach to the analysis of the modulation spectrum of a voice signal, in which the primary acoustic analysis is performed in bands of unequal width. Nonuniform analysis corresponds to the psychoacoustic laws of human perception of sound information. In the context of the analysis of the modulation spectrum, the considered approach can significantly reduce the resulting number of parameters, which greatly simplifies the task of detecting pathological changes in the voice signal based on the analysis of the parameters of the modulation spectrum. For frequency decomposition of a signal into bands of unequal width, two methods are considered: 1) DFT with channel combination and 2) the use of an nonuniform filter bank. The first method is characterized by a fixed time window for the analysis of all frequency components, while in the second method the time-frequency analysis plan is consistent with the critical frequency scale of the barks. For each method, a practical signal analysis circuit has been developed and described. The paper presents the experimental data on the application of the developed schemes for the analysis of the modulation spectrum to the problem of detecting pathology in a speech signal. The parameters of the modulation spectrum acted as information signs for a classifier built on the basis of linear discriminant analysis. Three different voice bases were used in the experiment (in two cases, the pathology was neurological ALS disease (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), and in the third case, diseases of the larynx). The parameters of the modulation spectrum obtained in the DFT-based scheme with channel combining turned out to be more preferable for classification with a small number of features, however, greater accuracy (with an increase in the number of features) made it possible to obtain the parameters obtainedin the scheme based on an unequal filter bank. In all cases, the obtained classifiers were highly accurate (more than 97%). The obtained results show that the use of nonuniform time-frequency representation is preferable in the case when the analyzed signal is a sustained vowel phonation, since it provides higher accuracy of pathology detection using fewer modulation parameters
Application of Brain-computer Interfaces in Assistive Technologies
Authors: Gundelakh Filipp , Stankevich Lev , Sonkin Konstantin , Nagornova Ganna , Shemyakina Natalia
Published: April 2020

In the paper issues of brain-computer interface applications in assistive technologies are considered in particular for robotic devices control. Noninvasive brain-computer interfaces are built based on the classification of electroencephalographic signals, which show bioelectrical activity in different zones of the brain. Such brain-computer interfaces after training are able to decode electroencephalographic patterns corresponding to different imaginary movements and patterns corresponding to different audio-visual stimulus. The requirements which must be met by brain-computer interfaces operating in real time, so that biological feedback is effective and the user's brain can correctly associate responses with events are formulated. The process of electroencephalographic signal processing in noninvasive brain-computer interface is examined including spatial and temporal filtering, artifact removal, feature selection, and classification. Descriptions and comparison of classifiers based on support vector machines, artificial neural networks, and Riemann geometry are presented. It was shown that such classifiers can provide accuracy at the level of 60-80% for recognition of imaginary movements from two to four classes. Examples of application of the classifiers to control robotic devices were presented. The approach is intended both to help healthy users to perform daily functions better and to increase the quality of life of people with movement disabilities. Tasks to increase the efficiency of technology application are formulated.
Identification of Subscriber Terminals of Infocommunication Networks based on the Model of Forming Images in Modern Computer Systems
Authors: Sazonov Konstantin , Tatarka Maxim , Tsyganov Andrey , Bessolcev Vitaliy
Published: April 2020

One of the important tasks of such theories as theories of pattern recognition and the theory of information security, is the task of identifying terminals of information and telecommunication networks.

The relevance of the topic is due to the need to study methods for identifying computer network terminals and build information security systems based on the knowledge gained.

The main parameters that allow uniquely identifying subscriber terminals in the network are address-switching information, as well as a number of parameters characterizing the software and hardware of the computer system. Based on the obtained parameters, digital fingerprints of subscriber terminals are generated.

The using anonymous networks by users of subscriber terminals and blocking of the methods of generating and collecting digital fingerprint parameters, does not allow to achieve the required degree of identification reliability in some cases.

Based on the peculiarities of digital image formation in modern computer systems, many transformation parameters make impact on the output graphic primitive, thereby forming a digital fingerprint of the subscriber terminal, which depends on the placement of samples in a pixel, the algorithms used to calculate the degree of pixels influence, and also the procedures used of smoothing images in the graphics subsystem.

In this paper an original model of image formation by means of a subscriber terminal web browser that allows to increase the degree of reliability of identification under conditions of anonymization of users of information and telecommunication networks is propesed.

Features of the digital images formation in the graphic subsystems of modern computer systems are substantiated. These features allow identification under a priori uncertainty regarding the modes and parameters of information transfer.
Narratives about Cyborgization in the Context of Technoevolution
Authors: Wojewoda Mariusz
Published: April 2020

Artykuł poświęcony jest narracjom kulturowym na temat cyborgizacji, w których zostaje opisana relacja między człowiekiem i cybermaszyną. W tym nowym ujęciu maszyna staje się częścią ludzkiego ciała, pozwala człowiekowi na poprawę jakości życia, ale może także uzupełnić ludzkie naturalne zdolności, wyposażając go w nowe („sztuczne”) kompetencje. Autor artykułu poddaje analizie problem trzech kulturowych narracji kulturowych dotyczących cyborgizacji człowieka. Te trzy modele narracji to narracja inżyniersko-pragmatyczna, biologiczno-ewolucyjna i kulturowo-humanistyczna. Stanowią one współczesne imaginaria społeczne na temat technoewolucji i związku człowieka z cybermaszyną. Autor artykułu na przykładzie koncepcji naturalnego cyborga Andy’ego Clarka sprawdza tezę, czy jest możliwe porozumienie między tymi narracjami. Kwestia społecznej akceptacji dla cyborgizacji jest szczególnie ważna z punktu widzenia postępu technologicznego oraz pytania o istotę człowieka i techniki w odniesieniu do nowych możliwości, jakie daje współczesna biotechnologia i robotyka w kontekście poprawy ­jakości naszego życia.
Ethics in autonomous robots as philosophy in silico: The study case of phronetic machine ethics
Authors: Polak Paweł , Krzanowski Roman
Published: April 2020

The paper explores the application of computing science to the modeling of the ethical concepts. The modeling in computers is denoted as in silico modeling. The in silico method has found applications in biology, chemistry, cosmology, sociology among others. The applications of in silico modeling to philosophical problems (like ethics) are rather infrequent. Yet, the approach discussed in the paper holds the promise of not only facilitating the development of ethical robotics but it also may provide the insights into the philosophical problems themselves (by explicating their implicit structures). The paper provides also a brief overview of the concept of modeling in silico in historical and current contexts
Ciało i cielesność w świecie wirtualnym na przykładzie reklamy, sztuki i mediów społecznościowych (wybrane problemy)
Authors: Żydek-Bednarczuk Urszula
Published: April 2020

Celem referatu jest refleksja na temat ciała i cielesności pojawiająca się w Internecie. Temat ten podporządkowany jest współczesnym ideologiom, więc wyznacza sposób myślenia ludzi współczesnych, nowe trendy, mody, działania i funkcjonowanie całego systemu aksjologicznego. Ciało i cielesność podlega współczesnym ideologiom: konsumpcjonizmu, indywidualizmu, zabawy i ludyczności, codzienności i transparencji. Do analizy wybrano ciało przedstawiane w reklamie, ciało w sztuce na podstawie przypadków Stelarca oraz ciało przedstawione na portalu Porcelanowych Motyli. Rozważaniom towarzyszy refleksja etyczna i aksjologiczna.
Memory, narrative, and conflict in writing the past
Authors: Pérez Baquero Rafael
Published: April 2020

In this paper I will analyze the distinctive features of the twentieth century historiography with regards to its most salient events. By doing so, I will provide an interpretation of the struggles which underlay the production of historical knowledge at the end of the century. In contrast to various theories of historiography which assert that autonomy from collective memory is a methodological assumption of the historian, I will argue that historiography is always interwoven with the political and ethical challenges of the historian’s time. In this regard, this paper´s theses are inspired by Walter Benjamin’s ideas concerning historiography, as well as by the interpretations of this ideas provided by other historians and philosophers, such as Enzo Traverso, Dominick LaCapra or Michael Löwy. Their ideas will serve as a framework for understanding the challenges historians face when narrating contemporary history.
Cyclic tensile tests on prestressing strands embedded in concrete
Authors: Remitz Jörn , Empelmann Martin
Published: April 2020

The fatigue life of prestressed concrete beams, subjected to cyclic bending, mainly depends on the fatigue behaviour of the embedded prestressing strands. An evaluation of international fatigue test results revealed a reduced fatigue life of embedded strands in prestressed concrete beams compared to single strands in air. The reduced fatigue life can be explained by specific influences and fatigue processes caused by the built-in conditions of strands. Due to the lack of basic understanding, systematic investigations are currently carried out to identify, quantify and describe different influencing parameters and fatigue processes as well as to better understand and determine the fatigue behaviour of strands in pre-tensioned concrete beams. In this article, the experimental investigations regarding the fatigue life of strands embedded in concrete are presented. Within cyclic uniaxial tensile tests on strands in air and strands embedded in concrete, the influence of fretting fatigue processes and friction stresses between the outer wires of strands and the surrounding concrete was determined.
Tetralogia de Fallot: un reporte de caso
Authors: Duque Alexandra
Published: May 2020

La Tetralogía de Fallot es la principal causa de cardiopatía congénita cianosante, que genera una gran mortalidad y que en algunos casos es susceptible de tratamiento quirúrgico. Reportamos un caso de una niña de 7 días de nacida con esta malformación acompañada de ausencia de las válvulas pulmonares, que fallece como consecuencia de la severidad de la misma. En el momento del examen interno se encuentra un corazón de tamaño normal con las anomalías morfológicas características de la Tetralogía de Fallot con ausencia de las válvulas sigmoideas pulmonares.
Análisis de la variación en las secuencias del adnmt humano en individuos residentes de la región Cundi-boyacense
Authors: Mora Torres Carlos Arturo
Published: May 2020

El uso del ADN mitocondrial (ADNmt) se ha convertido en una importante herramienta, para vincular una evidencia biológica humana a un hecho o situación judicial de un proceso e identificar individuos con familiares no directamente emparentados (familiares diferentes a los padres o hijos de la víctima) por línea materna, con un buen poder de discriminación como en los casos de identificación de restos humanos, muestras de pelos en delitos sexuales y de homicidios. Con el aumento de estudios poblacionales en el área de ADNmt y por consiguiente un aumento en la base de datos, el Grupo de Genética puede tener un sistema de discriminación más robusto en la identificación humana o de vestigios biológicos de interés forense. En este trabajo se realizó un estudio genético-poblacional de individuos de la región Cundi-boyacense colombiana, analizando una muestra de 100 individuos obteniendo la variación de las secuencias de las regiones HVI y HVII. En total se encontraron 78 haplotipos diferentes en los 100 individuos analizados, llevando a una diversidad genética (según Tajima F, 1989) de 98.89% (0.9889), teniendo un poder de discriminación alto en los casos del área de la Genética Forense, y ayudando a ampliar la base de datos de ADNmt con fines forenses.
Prenatal Tanıda Fetal Manyetik Rezonans Görüntülemenin Rolü
Authors: ÖZALP Miraç , DEMİR Ömer , DİNÇ Gülseren , ŞAL Hidayet , ARAN Turhan , OSMANAĞAOĞLU Mehmet Armağan , KUL Sibel
Published: April 2020

ÖZET Amaç Üçüncü basamak
merkezimizde klinisyenler tarafından tercih edilen fetal MRG endikasyonlarının
incelenmesi ve MRG’nin ultrason
bulgularına olan ek tanısal katkısının ortaya konmasıdır. Gereç ve Yöntem 2016-2018 yılları
arasında fetal MRG yapılan 322 olgu retrospektif olarak incelendi. Fetal
lezyonlar organ sistemlerine göre sınıflandırıldı ve klinisyenlerin
endikasyonları belirlendi. Prenatal dönemde yapılan fetal ultrason ve MRG
sonuçları değerlendirildi.  Bulgular MRG çekilen 322
fetüsün endikasyonlarının dağılımı; 138’inde (%42.8) santral sinir sistemi
anomalileri, 99’unda (%30.7) plasental anomaliler, 36’sında (%11.2) genitoüriner
sistem anomalileri, 18’inde (%5.6) solunum sistemi anomalileri, 17’sinde (%5.3)
maternal faktör, 13’ünde (%4) baş, boyun, yüz anomalileri ve 1’inde (%0.4)
fetal faktör olarak belirlendi.Tüm endikasyonlar
incelendiğinde MRG ile ek bulgu saptanan olgu sayısı 13’tür (%4.03). Santral
sinir sistemi anomalileri 7 olgu ile en sık ek bulgu saptanan gruptur, bu grup
içerisinde fetal MRG %5.07 oranında ek katkı sunmuştur. Sırasıyla genitoüriner
sistem anomalileri olan grupta 3 ek bulgu (%8.33 oranında ek katkı), maternal
endikasyonlar grubunda 2 ek bulgu (%11.7 oranında ek katkı) ve solunum sistemi
anomalileri olan grupta 1 ek bulgu (%5.55 oranında ek katkı) olduğu görüldü. Sonuç 

Ultrasonografinin
yetersiz kaldığı hallerde uygun perinatal yönetim ve danışmanlık için fetal MRG
giderek artan sıklıkta kullanılmaktadır. MR cihazlarının daha ulaşılabilir
olması, bu alandaki uzmanlığın artması ve MRG teknolojisindeki ileri gelişmeler,
bu modalitenin perinatoloji alanında daha yaygın kullanımı ile sonuçlanacaktır.
Experiência literária e comunicação em Georges Bataille
Authors: Ferreira Silvia Raimundi
Published: May 2020

O desejo de comunicar a experiência foi norteador da obra do escritor Georges Bataille; seu trabalho literário – tanto os ensaios filosóficos quanto os escritos eróticos – foi consagrado ao projeto de expressar, por meio da linguagem, aquilo que foge ao domínio da linguagem. Sua intenção de comunicar o real, de tocar com palavras os momentos definitivos da vida, aparece em seus textos no propósito explícito de levar o leitor a uma viagem ao extremo do possível, uma viagem que rompesse com os limites tradicionais do pensamento e da escrita, em uma comunicação que se daria via excesso. Georges Bataille enfrentou o abismo que se coloca na heterogenia dessas estruturas – experiência e linguagem, e, assim como outros autores, nos permite hoje, interrogar tanto o problema da representação e comunicação na linguagem literária quanto o mistério que envolve a capacidade da arte de conciliação desses elementos em uma obra que consegue transmitir aquilo que não está lá. Este artigo busca encontrar no romance Minha Mãe elementos representativos dessa discussão, enlaçando-o com as noções de desejo e interdito propostos pela psicanálise.
Formação continuada em leitura: o olhar do professor para o uso de estratégias de pré-leitura na sala de aula
Authors: Carvalho Margarete Gonçalves Macedo de , Mulinari Eudes T. Nadal , Finger-Kratochvil Claudia
Published: May 2020

Este artigo apresenta a Oficina de Pré-leitura, uma das ações do Projeto Ler & Educar: formação continuada de professores de Santa Catarina (OBEDUC/CAPES), desenvolvido em rede pela UFSC (Florianópolis), UFFS (Chapecó) e UNESC (Criciúma). A ação apresentada neste artigo, fundamentada nos pressupostos da Psicolinguística, foi oferecida aos docentes das escolas participantes do projeto, em Chapecó, com o objetivo de ensiná-los, a partir dos processos metacognitivos envolvidos na leitura, a utilizar estratégias de pré-leitura durante as aulas, como recursos para auxiliar os alunos ao longo do processo de compreensão leitora. A metodologia compreendeu o ensino direto de estratégias metacognitivas na pré-leitura, no formato de oficinas, com o uso de ferramentas audiovisuais e atividades interativas que favoreceram a ação/reflexão sobre os processos metacognitivos envolvidos na compreensão leitora. A ação se constituiu em um momento importante para a reflexão da prática docente daquele grupo. O resultado foi avaliado por meio de um questionário, cujas respostas apontaram para o reconhecimento dos participantes da contemporaneidade, pertinência e contribuição do conteúdo proposto para suas práticas pedagógicas.
Arapça Konuşma Öğretiminde Öğrenci Görüşlerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: YILDIZ Musa , ÇİLEK Ersin
Published: May 2020

Günümüz dünyasında yabancı dil öğrenimine olan ihtiyacın gitgide arttığı görülmektedir. Son yıllarda resmi dili Arapça olan ülkelerle ekonomik, siyasi, kültürel vb. ilişkilerin gelişmesi sonucunda Arapça öğrenimine ve öğretimine ilgi artmaktadır. Ancak Arapça öğretiminde dört dil becerisinin her birine aynı ilginin gösterilmediği, bu becerilerden konuşma becerilerinin eksik kaldığı ve öğrencilerin uygulamada pratik eksikleri olduğu görülmektedir. Bu eksiğin giderilmesi için öğrencilerin iletişim becerilerinde daha özgüvenli ve ekip çalışmalarının yapıldığı yöntemler önerilmiştir. Bu çalışmada öğrencilerin iletişim becerileri derslerinde yaşadıkları problemler, konuşma eğitiminde hangi etkinlikleri, yöntem ve teknikleri, araç-gereçlerle ölçme araçlarını kullandıkları ve hangi güçlüklerle karşılaştıkları saptanmıştır.
Occurrence of antibiotics and antiretroviral drugs in source-separated urine, groundwater, surface water and wastewater in the peri-urban area of Chunga in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Elijah Ngumba  , Anthony Gachanja  , James Nyirenda  , Johanna Maldonado  , Tuula Tuhkanen
Published: April 2020

Recently, there has been an increased interest in bridging the knowledge gap in the occurrence and fate of pharmaceuticals in African urban water cycles.  In this study, the occurrence of 7 antibiotics and 3 antiretrovirals in source-separated urine, groundwater, wastewater and surface water of the peri-urban area of Chunga in Lusaka, Zambia, was studied. In groundwater, the pharmaceuticals were only sporadically present with 4 antibiotics and 1 antiretroviral detected. The concentration of the antibiotics ranged from below limit of quantification (<LOQ) to 880 ng/L, with sulfamethoxazole having the highest detection frequency of 42.3%. In the surface water, a comparatively high concentration of pharmaceuticals was measured with concentrations ranging from <LOQ–11 800 ng/L to <LOQ–49 700 ng/L for antibiotics and antiretroviral drugs, respectively. Similarly, the concentration of antibiotics in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influent and effluent waters ranged from 100–33 300 ng/L and 80–30 040 ng/L, respectively. The concentration of the antiretrovirals was also relatively high in the wastewater and ranged from  680–118 970 ng/L and 1 720–55 760 ng/L in the influent and effluent, respectively. The concentration of the target analytes in source-separated urine were several orders of magnitude higher than in wastewater.  Sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim and lamivudine had the highest concentrations, of 7 740 µg/L, 12 800 µg/L and 10 010 µg/L, respectively.  The high concentration detected in source-separated urine calls for precautionary measures to be undertaken when such urine is to be used as a fertilizer. However, urine source separation has a major advantage of pooling a significant proportion of excreted pharmaceuticals into small manageable volumes which can be effectively treated, minimizing environmental contamination. The high concentrations of antibiotics and antiretroviral drugs measured in this study necessitate creation of effective barriers to mitigate the possible environmental and human health risks.
Application of response surface methodology for simultaneous removal of major cations from seawater using metal oxide nanostructures
Authors: Denga Ramutshatsha  , J Catherine Ngila  , Patrick G Ndungu  , Philiswa N Nomngongo
Published: April 2020

The objectives of this study were to assess the suitability of metal oxide nanomaterials for removal of major cations Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ from seawater. The as-synthesised nanomaterials were characterized using different techniques, such as XRD, TEM, and BET. The simultaneous removal of Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ ion from aqueous solutions by α-Fe2O3 and SiO2/Nb2O5/Fe2O3 nanostructures was studied using batch method. The influence of different experimental parameters (such as initial metal ion concentrations, mass of adsorbent, sample pH and contact time) that affect the simultaneous removal of metal ions was studied using response surface methodology (RSM) based on small central composite design (SCCD). Under optimised conditions, the highest percentage removal was 75%, 92%, 93% and 85% for Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+, respectively.
Exploring Childhood Statelessness in South Africa
Authors: Khan Fatima
Published: May 2020

The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees set a 10-year timeline in 2014 to prevent childhood statelessness. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees believes this is possible if the following four steps are taken. First, it urges all States to allow children, who would otherwise be stateless, to gain nationality in the country where they are born. Secondly, it urges States to reform citizenship laws that discriminate on the ground of gender, so that mothers are able to pass nationality to their children on an equal basis as fathers. Thirdly, it calls for the elimination of laws and practices that deny children nationality because of their ethnicity, race, or religion.  Lastly, and most importantly, it calls on States to ensure universal birth registration to prevent statelessness. The specific focus of this paper will be to examine the risk of childhood statelessness in South Africa. This paper will begin by providing an explanation of statelessness, followed by the causes and consequences of statelessness. It will briefly comment on the two Statelessness Conventions and examine the extent to which the right to nationality in international human rights laws can protect the stateless child. South Africa has not ratified either of the two Conventions on Statelessness, but it believes its citizenship laws are sufficient to prevent childhood statelessness. This article aims to interrogate whether South Africa’s laws can protect children at risk of being born stateless and provide adequate solutions to this problem. Through this analysis, the four steps identified by the UNHCR to prevent statelessness will be tested against South African law. This paper utilises a child-centred approach, thereby viewing children as beings with rights and not merely as objects of protection, as with the State-centred approach.
PENGARUH PEMBELAJARAN SAINS BERBASIS EKSPERIMEN TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS PADA ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: HAKIM RISYDA LAMIYA NABILA , Nugraha Ali , Gustiana Asep Deni
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan berdasarkan temuan empirik di taman kanak-kanak (TK) yang menunjukkan masih banyak anak usia dini dikategorikan kurang dalam membangun pengetahuan baru sesuai dengan pengalamannya. Hal ini merupakan salah satu penyebab fenomena rendahnya pengetahuan anak dalam konsep pembelajaran sains. Hal tersebut pula dipengaruhi oleh metode pembelajaran sains berbasis eksperimen yang masih langka dalam pelaksanaannya seperti melakukan sebuah percobaan sederhana. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh keterampilan proses pembelajaran sains terhadap anak-anak usia dini sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan metode pembelajaran sains berbasis eksperimen. Penelitian ini dilakukan kepada anak-anak usia dini kelompok B Taman kanak-kanak Lab UPI Bandung. Pembelajaran berdasarkan pengalaman pada anak diharapkan dapat memudahkan anak untuk mendapakan ilmu pengetahuan yang nyata dan baru. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode kuasi eksperimen desain yaitu, Nonequivalent Control Group Design dengan instrumen penelitiannya daftar ceklis. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel sebanyak 18 orang yang terdiri atas 1 kelompok kontrol dan kelompok eksperimen dari 2 kelas TK B. Hasil penelitian menunjukan p 0,05, itu mengartikan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap keterampilan proses sains antara kelompok kontrol dan kelompok eksperimen. Hasil penelitian setelah dilakukan pembelajaran sains berbasis eksperimen dengan skor rata-rata peningkatan kelompok kontrol ialah 71,95%, sedangkan  kelompok eksperimen mencapai 94,70%. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran sains berbasis eksperimen memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap keterampilan proses sains pada anak usia dini.
Terms and constructive measures of transition from laboratory installations to industrial design of vortex dryers
Authors: Sokolsky A.I. , Gusev E.V. , Kolibaba O.B.
Published: May 2020

Vortex and cyclone apparatuses are increasingly used for intensive flow of combined technological processes of pro-cessing (fine grinding, classification, drying, mixing, hydrophobization, etc.) dispersed materials. One of the types of equipment of this class with an active hydrodynamic regime is an apparatus with an upward (or downward) spiral-swirling gas-dispersed flow. The studies conducted by A.F. Frolov, V.I. Mushtaev, V.M., Ulyanov and B.S. Sazhin con-firm the high drying efficiency of highly moist dispersed materials. One of the tasks of a large-scale transition from laboratory facilities to industrial designs is the development of design features that determine the similarity of the hy-drodynamic regimes of heat and mass transfer processes. To determine the hydrodynamic characteristics of the gas-dispersed flow, methods based on the measurement of flow rates, velocities and hydraulic resistances were used. To establish the drying curves and the temperature curves of the polydisperse material (TPP hydraulic ash removal) of different fractions under various conditions of convective heat input, the kinetic method was applied. This method was based on measuring the moisture (mass) and temperature of the dried particles by selecting along their movement. The developed conditions and design measures allow for a large-scale transition from laboratory facilities to industrial de-signs without intermediate costly research on pilot plants. The generalized analytical and experimental data on the de-termination of the external heat and mass transfer characteristics of the drying process of dispersed material (hydraulic ash removal) in a vortex dryer depending on the hydrodynamic and structural parameters of the gas-dispersed flow have been presented. The presented experimental data allow suggesting the limiting effect of hydrodynamic phenomena that determine the efficiency of the drying process of dispersed materials in a gas stream.
Synthesis and modeling of the multidimensional technological object control system on the state regulator basis
Authors: Labutin A.N. , Zagarinskaya Yu.N. , Nevinitsyn V.Yu. , Volkova G.V. , Zaitsev V.A.
Published: May 2020

The problem of structural-parametric synthesis of automatic control systems (ACS) of technological objects is deter-mined by the multi-dimensionality, multi-connectedness and nonlinearity of their mathematical models. Despite the indicated properties of such objects, traditional linear systems based on PID-algorithms are still used for process control. Since the synthesis of linear systems using input-output models does not take into account the multi-dimensionality and mutual influence of state coordinates, such systems increase the influence of parametric and signal perturbations on the quality of control processes. The increasing requirements for the quality and efficiency of technological processes control made it expedient to apply the control principle by the state vector based on the use of uninertial state regulators or combined state regulators including flexible feedback on the derivative state coordinates or state coordinate integrals. The research uses methods of system analysis of technological processes as control objects, methods of automatic control theory, methods of control systems synthesis on the state regulators basis, meth-ods of computer simulation. The linearized mathematical model of liquid-phase chemical reactor in the state space has been obtained. It has been established that the investigated object has the property of free movement stability and it is fully controlled in the state space. The problem of synthesis of a single-channel concentration vector control system in a chemical reactor using state regulator has been solved. The parameters of state regulator settings have been determined using the method of modal control. The efficiency of the automatic control system on the basis of the state regulator with an integral component has been shown using the method of computer simulation of the ‘nonlinear object – linear control subsystem’ complex. It has been demonstrated that the absence of an integral component in the control algorithm structure leads to a great static error of regulation. To eliminate the static error of control and ensure the robustness of the control system, it is recommended to introduce an integral component into the structure of state controller. This ensures the efficiency of the control system both for the case of complete measurement of the state vector and for the case of measurement of the output controlled variable only.
Security Problem Definition and Security Objectives of Cryptocurrency Wallets in Common Criteria
Authors: BULUT Yasir , SERTKAYA İsa
Published: April 2020

Bitcoin paper gave birth to a new era; cryptocurrencies aiming distributed trust model. Almost all the cryptocurrencies require their users individually manage their own cryptographic keys, provide or recommend use of cryptocurrency wallets. A wallet, which at least stores public-private keys and addresses, is one of the key points for end-users' security. Since the authentication of a transaction strictly depends on private keys, any adversary who gains access to a wallet may seize all the coins within. Hence, cryptocurrency wallet solutions should be carefully analyzed and better to be certified if possible. In this study, we aim to define the security problems and objectives necessary for the development of a certified product that can stand against the known attacks within the Framework of Common Criteria (CC). We believe this would be a brief source for cryptocurrency wallet Protection Profile (PP) and Security Target (ST) documents.
Akıllı Şebeke Olgunluk Modelinin Dünya Çapındaki Uyarlamaları ve Türkiye İçin Öneriler
Authors: İLİSULU Fadime , TARHAN Ayça , KAVAK Kubilay
Published: April 2020

Elektriğe olan ihtiyacın sürekli artması ve teknolojinin ilerlemesiyle birlikte ülkeler, elektrik şebekesinde bilgi ve iletişim teknolojisini kullanan, aynı zamanda verimli ve güvenilir bir altyapı sunan akıllı şebekelere yönelmektedir. Ülkeler klasik şebekelerden akıllı şebekelere geçiş sürecinde hedeflerini belirlemek ve hedefleri gerçekleştirme sürecini yönetebilmek için stratejilere ve yol haritalarına ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Bu kapsamda bu ihtiyacı karşılamak, süreçlerin yönetimini kolaylaştırmak ve süreçleri iyileştirmek için alana özgü olgunluk modelleri kullanılmaktadır. Akıllı şebeke alanında ise 2011 yılında Akıllı Şebeke Olgunluk Modeli (Smart Grid Maturity Model – SGMM) yayınlanmıştır. SGMM, akıllı şebekelere geçişte hedeflerin ve bu hedeflere yönelik yol haritalarının oluşturulması, geçiş sürecinin yönetilmesi amacıyla bir kılavuz olarak hazırlanmıştır. Bazı ülkeler akıllı şebekeye geçişte bu modeli referans almaktadır. Ancak, literatürdeki çalışmalar incelendiğinde SGMM’yi doğrudan kullanan çalışmalara rastlanılmadığı, SGMM’nin uyarlanarak veya başka modellerle sentezlenerek kullanıldığı görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada, SGMM’yi uyarlayarak akıllı şebekeye geçiş sürecini planlayan ülke ve bölgeler incelenmekte, modelin yetenek ve karakteristikleri ile SGMM’nin uyarlanmasındaki bazı güçlükler irdelenmektedir. SGMM akıllı şebekelere geçişte yol gösterici olmakla birlikte, yapılan incelemede sadece sertifikalı değerlendiricilerin modeli kullanmak için nitelikli sayılması ve modelin farklı ülkelerin elektrik piyasa yapılarına, sektördeki piyasa oyuncularına göre uyarlanabilir olmaması ve değerlendirmede kullanılan puanlandırma yönteminin açık olmaması başlıca güçlüklerdir. Yapılan çalışmada, Türkiye’nin akıllı şebekelere geçiş için ne aşamada olduğu da incelenmekte, Türkiye açısından modelin kullanımına yönelik güçlü ve zayıf yönler ile kullanımın oluşturacağı fırsatlar ve tehditler değerlendirilmekte, öneriler sunulmaktadır.
The Achievement of Archiving Analog Seismograms in Japanese Institutes for 15 Yr
Authors: Matsu’ura Ritsuko S. , Umino Norihito , Tamura Yoshiaki , Iio Yoshihisa , Kasahara Minoru , Ohkura Takahiro
Published: April 2020

Since 2004, more than 100,000 smoked paper seismograms have been preserved as high-definition image files in three academic institutes in Japan. Also, 27,000 analog records on 35 mm films of 0.6 m long were converted to tiff files in two institutes. In the process of scanning analog records, we have obtained several tips for the preservation of records. Some records were found and organized in their original places after decades of the archiving process. A few scientific findings for old earthquakes have been obtained using the image files of analog records. Our work induced another project of preserving smoked paper seismograms obtained by government operations in Japan by the same manner. To continue archiving data that are not immediately linked to an increase in the number of research papers at each institute, continuous support such as the international evaluation of the high quality of our archives is fairly important, along with our own ceaseless efforts. To not make future researchers struggle in the same way that we did, it is necessary to foster among seismologists the common traits of data preservation, which astronomers have shared since the sixteenth century.
Pemanfaatan Ekstrak Kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata L.) pada Stadia Pertumbuhan yang Berbeda sebagai Bioherbisida untuk Mengendalikan Bayam Duri (Amaranthus spinosus L.)
Authors: Arief Muhammad , Hasanuddin Hasanuddin , Hafsah Siti
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh stadia pertumbuhan dan konsentrasi ekstrak kirinyuh terhadap pertumbuhan gulma bayam duri, serta interaksi diantara kedua faktor tersebut. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial yang terdiri dari 2 faktor yaitu stadia pertumbuhan (vegetatif dan generatif) dan konsentrasi (10%, 20%, 30%, dan 40%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan stadia pertumbuhan berpengaruh terhadap tinggi gulma pada 2 dan 3 MSA (Minggu Setelah Aplikasi), diameter batang pada 1, 2 dan 3 MSA, dan luas daun. Stadia pertumbuhan vegetatif lebih efektif dalam menghambat pertumbuhan gulma bayam duri. Konsentrasi berpengaruh terhadap tinggi gulma pada 2 dan 3 MSA, diameter batang pada 2 dan 3 MSA, dan luas daun. Konsentrasi 40% merupakan penekanan terbaik terhadap tinggi gulma pada 2 dan 3 MSA, diameter batang pada 2 dan 3 MSA, dan luas daun bayam duri. Terdapat interaksi antara stadia pertumbuhan dan konsentrasi ekstrak kirinyuh terhadap tinggi gulma pada 2 dan 3 MSA, diameter batang pada 2 dan 3 MSA, dan luas daun bayam duri. Interaksi terbaik terdapat pada stadia pertumbuhan vegetatif dengan konsentrasi 40% yang efektif untuk mengendalikan bayam duri.
Evaluation of Publication Rate of Forensic Medicine Specialty Theses in Turkey
Authors: Çağlayan Derya , Çelik Cemil , Kaya Ahsen , Aktaş Ekin Özgür
Published: April 2020

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the publication rate of Forensic Medicine specialty theses in national and international journals.
Materials and Methods: The Thesis Center database of Council on Higher Education was searched for medical specialty theses written between 1983-2016. Another screening was done using the resident and mentor names as well as thesis title on Ulakbim, Türk Medline, Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed databases. The years in which the theses were done and the articles were published, database of the journal, resident’s order among the authors, type of research, thesis subjects were recorded. 
Results: It was found that 77 (32.6%) out of a total of 236 theses written between 1983-2016 were published. Fifteen-point two percent of these theses were published in Science Citation Index-Expanded/Social Sciences Citation Index, 11.9% were published in international, and 5.5% in national indexed journals. The mean publication time was 2.95±2.49 years. It was also found that the resident was the first author in 85.7% of the articles, and 53.2% of the published theses were prospective studies. Most frequently article subjects were in the fields of Forensic Pathology (26%) and Forensic Psychiatry (23.4%).
Conclusion: Publishing rate of theses in Forensic Medicine was similar to the data regarding publication rates of theses in different medical specialty fields in our country and abroad; however, it is below the level desired. It is of utmost importance to generate solutions to facilitate the process including but not limited to mentors that are encouraging and instructive,...
Yerel Diatom Toprağının Farklı Tahıl Çeşitleri Üzerinde Buğday Biti’ne (Sitophilus granarius L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Karşı İnsektisidal Etkinliği
Authors: DOĞANAY İnanç Şafak , ISIKBER Ali Arda
Published: April 2020

Bu çalışmada yerel diatom toprağının (DE) laboratuvar koşullarında mısır, çeltik, ekmeklik ve makarnalık buğday üzerinde buğday biti (Sitophilus granarius (L.)) erginlerine karşı insektisidal etkinliği değerlendirilmiştir. Bu amaçla mısır, çeltik, makarnalık ve ekmeklik buğday üzerinde 26±1 °C sıcaklık ve %65±5 nispi nem ortamında yerel diatom toprağının 0, 250, 500, 750 ve 1000 ppm konsantrasyonlarında biyolojik testler yürütülmüştür. Tahıl çeşitlerinin ve DE konsantrasyonlarının 7. ve 14. gün sonunda S. granarius erginlerinin ölüm oranları üzerine istatistiksel olarak önemli etkiye sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Yedinci gün sonunda hiçbir tahıl ürünü üzerindeki DE uygulamalarında %100 ölüm elde edilememiştir. DE uygulanan tüm tahıl çeşitleri üzerinde 14 gün maruz kalma süresi sonunda sadece makarnalık buğday üzerindeki testlerde 750 ve 1000 ppm konsantrasyonlarında % 100 ölüm oranı elde edilmiştir. Genel olarak en düşük ölüm oranları mısır üzerinde yürütülen testlerden elde edilmiştir. Tüm tahıl çeşitlerinde ve tüm DE konsantrasyonlarında elde edilen yeni nesil ergin sayılarının kontrole göre daha düşük olduğu görülmüştür. En yüksek ergin çıkışları ekmeklik buğday üzerindeki DE uygulamalarında elde edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışmada tahıl çeşidinin yerel diatom toprağının S. granarius erginlerine karşı etkinliğinde önemli etkiye sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Convergent Television and ‘Audience Participation’
Authors: Theodoropoulou Vivi
Published: April 2020

The paper focuses on the introduction of interactive digital television (DTV) in the UK at the turn of the millennium, and its take-up and use by early audiences. It discusses whether the processes of television technological convergence went together with ‘consumer behaviour convergence,’1 enhanced audience engagement with the interactive TV services offered, and participation. Based on findings from a UK-wide survey and in-depth interviews with early Sky digital subscribers conducted during the early days of the service, the article shows that early interactive DTV was taken up because of its multichannel offering and thematic orientation and, interestingly, was approached and appreciated mostly as a television content provider. It thus notes a divergence on industry’s attempts to promote convergence in broadcasting and on the level and pace with which users adopt and adapt to such change. In so doing it highlights the evolutionary nature and slow rate of change of cultural habits and forms.
ARTE: French-German Experiments in Crossing the Borders
Authors: Wiehl Anna
Published: April 2020

This contribution is aimed at discussing different current policies of convergence as well as questioning whether these exploit the opportunities of digital media to their full potential, especially with regard to transmedia storytelling, interactivity, participation and networking. Taking the portfolio of the ‘European Culture Channel’ ARTE as an example, I draw a sketch of existing and emerging industrial strategies as well as of new formats and user practices. In the second part of the article, I examine one specific genre within this context I look at the collaborative, networked transmedia documentary Prison Valley to consider transformations at both the macro and the micro level. Last but not least, I question whether ARTE fulfils its promise to be the first “100% bi-medial channel” (according to ARTE’s mission statement), or whether it promotes an ‘extended side-by-sideness’ of devices and practices, which would constitute the first steps towards the synergetic potential of media convergence.