bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A (p,ν)-extension of Srivastava's triple hypergeometric function H_
B
and its properties
Authors: Dar Showkat Ahmad , Paris R. B.
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we obtain a

(
p
,
ν
)

{(p,\nu)}

-extension of Srivastava’s triple hypergeometric function

H
B

⁢

(
⋅
)

{H_{B}(\,\cdot\,)}

,
by using the extended beta function

B

p
,
ν

⁢

(
x
,
y
)

{B_{p,\nu}(x,y)}

introduced in
[R. K. Parmar, P. Chopra and R. B. Paris,
On an extension of extended beta and hypergeometric functions,
J. Class. Anal. 11 2017, 2, 91–106]. We give some of the main properties of this extended function, which include several integral representations involving Exton’s hypergeometric function, the Mellin transform, a differential formula, recursion formulas and a bounded inequality.
Unraveling News: Reconciling Conflicting Evidence
Authors: Bolboaca Maria , Fischer Sarah
Published: February 2021

This paper addresses the lack of consensus in the empirical literature regarding the effects of technology diffusion news shocks. We attribute the conflicting evidence to the wide diversity in terms of variable settings, productivity series used, and identification schemes applied. We analyze the different identification schemes that have been employed in this literature. More specifically, we impose short- and medium-run restrictions to identify a news shock. The focus is on the medium-run identification maximizing at and over different horizons. We show that the identified news shock depends critically on the applied identification scheme and on the maximization horizon. We also investigate the importance of the information content of the model and of the productivity measure used. We find that models which either contain a large set of macroeconomic variables or include variables that are strongly forward looking deliver more robust results. Moreover, we show that the productivity series used may influence results, but there is convergence of findings for newer total factor productivity series vintages. Our conclusion is that news shocks have expansionary properties.
Agricultural Trade and Structural Change: Evidence from Paraguay
Authors: Blanco Cesar
Published: February 2021

We study how international trade affects structural change in an agricultural exporting country. For this purpose, we calibrate a three-sector growth model to quantify the role of international trade in explaining structural change patterns observed in Paraguay. This country experienced a significant rise in net agricultural exports as a percentage of aggregate output during the period 1962–2012. We find the following results. First, international trade is crucial to explain the sectoral composition of employment in this country. The model including trade explains 84.2% of observed changes in employment shares during this period, while the model without trade can only account for 35.6% of observed changes. Second, employment in agriculture remains large in order to satisfy foreign demand. Third, employment shifts directly from agriculture into services in the long run, bypassing manufacturing. These patterns can only be explained by the rise in net agricultural exports.
Vitamin D and iodine status was associated with the risk and complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus in China
Authors: Zhuo Yafen , Ling Lin , Sun Zhichun , Huang Wensen , Hong Zhenzhen , Zhang Yaping , Peng Xuefeng , Liu Xiaoyu , Yuan Weilan , Xu Wang-Yang , Zhang Yi
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), urinary iodine concentration (UIC), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk and complications and to establish a model to predict T2DM in the general population. A total of 567 adults (389 T2DM patients and 178 controls) were enrolled, and the levels of 25(OH)D, iodine, and blood biochemical parameters were measured. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed an inverse correlation between 25(OH)D level, UIC, and T2DM risk. Low 25(OH)D level was a risk factor for developing T2DM (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 1.90–2.63; P = 0.043) after adjustment for multiple risk factors. 25(OH)D level and UIC were inversely correlated with short-term and long-term glucose levels. 25(OH)D deficiency was also associated with a high incidence of T2DM complicated with thyroid dysfunction. A prediction model based on 25(OH)D, iodine status, and other risk factors was established and recommended to screen high-risk T2DM in the general population and provide early screening and timely treatment for them.
Understanding Trump Supporters’ News Use: Beyond the Fox News Bubble
Authors: Dempsey Sadie , Suk Jiyoun , Cramer Katherine J. , Friedland Lewis A. , Wagner Michael W. , Shah Dhavan V.
Published: February 2021

Since the 2016 election, the relationship between Trump supporters and Fox News has gained considerable attention. Drawing on interviews with more than 200 people and a representative survey conducted in the state of Wisconsin, we dive deeper into the media habits of Trump supporters using a mixed methods analytical approach. While we do not refute the importance of Fox News in the conservative media ecology, we find that characterizing Trump supporters as isolated in Fox News bubbles obscures the fact that many are news omnivores, or people who consume a wide variety of news. In fact, we find that Trump supporters may have more politically heterogeneous consumption habits than Trump non-supporters. We find that 17% of our survey respondents who support Trump in Wisconsin are regularly exposed to ideologically heterogeneous news media. We also find that like other voters, Trump supporters are disenchanted with the divisive nature of contemporary media and politics. Finally, we analyze the media use of young Trump supporters and find an especially high level of news omnivorousness among them.
Marching to the Ballot Box: Sex and Voting in the 2020 Election Cycle
Authors: Ondercin Heather L.
Published: February 2021

With the 2020 election marking the 100th anniversary of the ratification of the 19th Amendment, our attention has been keenly focused on women voters. Media coverage of women voters portrayed them as swing voters and focused on a small subgroup of women (white, married, mothers). I argue that women’s and men’s voting behavior in 2020 was highly similar to past elections and does not support the claims that women or a subgroup of women are swing voters. I illustrate the diversity of women’s voting behavior through analyzing the intersection of gender with race, ethnicity, education, marital status, and parental status. Even though women were not swing voters, women still play an important role in electoral politics, representing the majority of members in both the Democratic and Republican Parties and holding stronger attachments to these parties than men.
Weighted value distributions of the Riemann zeta function on the critical line
Authors: Fazzari Alessandro
Published: February 2021

We prove a central limit theorem for

log
⁡

|

ζ
⁢

(

1
2

+

i
⁢
t

)

|

{\log\lvert\zeta(\frac{1}{2}+it)\rvert}

with respect to the measure

|

ζ

(
m
)

⁢

(

1
2

+

i
⁢
t

)

|

2
⁢
k

⁢
d
⁢
t

{\lvert\zeta^{(m)}(\frac{1}{2}+it)\rvert^{2k}\,dt}

(

k
,
m

∈
ℕ

{k,m\in\mathbb{N}}

), assuming RH and the asymptotic formula for twisted and shifted integral moments of zeta. Under the same hypotheses, we also study a shifted case, looking at the measure

|

ζ
⁢

(

1
2

+

i
⁢
t

+

i
⁢
α

)

|

2
⁢
k

⁢
d
⁢
t

{\lvert\zeta(\frac{1}{2}+it+i\alpha)\rvert^{2k}\,dt}

, with

α
∈

(

-
1

,
1
)

{\alpha\in(-1,1)}

. Finally, we prove unconditionally the analogue result in the random matrix theory context.
The timing of Barleik Formation and its implication for the Devonian tectonic evolution of Western Junggar, NW China
Authors: Hui Yuanxiu , Wang Ran , Li Lu , Lin Jingyu , Xiao Zhouxuan , Xin Yonghui , Luo Xin
Published: February 2021

The timing of Barleik Formation in Xinjiang, NW China, has not been constrained by accurate geochronology yet, while this work is of great significance to help reconstruct the geological tectonic evolution of Western Junggar. Based on the LA-ICP-MS U–Pb geochronology study, the weighted average age of magmatic zircons collected from the tuff in Barleik Formation, which reflects the formation age of the tuff, is 372 ± 2 Ma (N = 57, mean square of weighted deviates (MSWD) = 1.15). The first report in this study of the zircon U–Pb dating result indicates that Barleik Formation along the West Junggar tectonic belt occurred in the Late Devonian rather than in the middle Devonian period as previously claimed. Meanwhile, chronology data and the geochemical features comparing with the Island Arc-related rocks in the adjacent area, as well as stratigraphic structural relationship, suggest that volcanic activities may exist in the Late Devonian, and the relevant volcanic ash deposited in the Barleik forearc basin may be derived from the adjacent island arc (current geographic coordinate). In addition, the fossil assemblage dominated by bathyal-abyssal invertebrate fossils and bathyal-abyssal facies indicates that the Barleik Formation is a bathyal-abyssal sedimentary environment.
Comparative Law and EU Legal Language: Towards a European Restatement?
Authors: Ioriatti Elena
Published: February 2021

Despite the ongoing developments in comparative law studies, European legal language is still in want of responses with regard to its own characteristics and impact in the Member States. This article suggests an interdisciplinary perspective, that of comparative law and semiotics, as well as the observation of the normative forces grounding the practices of EU law in the Member States. As a dialogical conclusion, a Restatement will be suggested, where EU concepts could be channeled. This intellectual tool could be relevant in legal education too and favor the institutional dialogue among national and European actors of the multilingual legal process.
Investigation of the microstructure evolution in TP347HFG austenitic steel at 700°C and its characterization method
Authors: Zhang Yuetao , Yuan Tingbi , Shao Yawei , Wang Xiao
Published: February 2021

This article reports the microstructure evolution in TP347HFG austenitic steel during the aging process. The experiments were carried out at 700°C with different aging time from 500 to 3,650 h. The metallographic results show that the coherent twin and incoherent twin are existed in the original TP347HFG grains, while they gradually vanished with the increase of the aging time. After aging for 500 h, a lot of fine, dispersed particles precipitated from the matrix, but they disappeared after aging for 1,500 h. When the aging time extend to 3,650 h, the precipitates appeared apparently coarse in TP347HFG steel, which include the M23C6andσphase; besides, the micro-hardness of TP347HFG also changes during the aging, which was closely related to the effect of dispersion strengthening and solution strengthening. The results of the nonlinear ultrasonic measurement reveal that theβ′ of TP347HFG steel was also changed with the aging time. It first increased at 0–500 h, then reduced later, and increased finally at 1,500–3,650 h. The variation ofβ′ in TP347HFG was influenced by a combined effect of the twin microstructure and the precipitate phase, which indicate that the nonlinear ultrasonic technique can be utilized to characterize the microstructure evolution in TP347HFG.
Fault location in the distribution network based on power system status estimation with smart meters data
Authors: Dashtdar Masoud , Sadegh Hosseinimoghadam Seyed Mohammad , Dashtdar Majid
Published: February 2021

Due to the existence of different branches in the electricity distribution network and only available voltage and current information at the beginning of the line and lack of access to the information at the end of the network line, the detection of the faulted section in the distribution network has become more important. Today, smart meters are used to measure the voltage and current of network lines, but due to the limitations of the installation sites, these devices are not possible in all network lines. In this paper, two techniques have been used to identify the faulted section and fault location in the network so that the fault distance at the beginning of the line can be estimated by estimating the current at the end of each network line. Therefore, in this project, by installing smart meters in the main branch of the network and also the information obtained from power flow in the network normal mode, it has been tried to practically estimate the voltage and current at the beginning and end of each distribution network line. In this method, more power flow is used to calculate the voltage drop of the lines and estimate the voltage and current at the end of the network lines so that the faulted part can be identified. Finally, the proposed method is implemented on the IEEE_15, 37 bus networks, the results of which show the proper performance of the proposed method in estimating location and Fault resistance for different types of faults in the distribution network.
An Improved Adaptive Weighted Mean Filtering Approach for Metallographic Image Processing
Authors: Shao Chonglei , Kaur Preet , Kumar Rajeev
Published: February 2021

Background

As noise brings great error in the analysis of metallographic images, an adaptive weighted mean filtering method proposed to overcome the shortcomings of the standard mean filtering method.

Methods

The method used to detect the pulse noise points in the image, and then the modified mean method used to filter out the detected noise points. Patents on metallographic image processing have discussed for the development of the proposed methodology.

Results

It is shown that filter window can be filtered in comparison with the conventional 3×3, 5×5 and 7×7 filt window to reduce noise detection and reduce the complexity of the weight calculation.

Conclusion

It can be concluded that this method can better protect the details of the image, has better filtering effect than the standard mean filtering, and its processing speed is faster than the median filtering of the large window, which has profound significance for the edge detection and processing of the metallographic image.
The Oribatida v1.3 Family of Lightweight Authenticated Encryption Schemes
Authors: Bhattacharjee Arghya , López Cuauhtemoc Mancillas , List Eik , Nandi Mridul
Published: February 2021

Permutation-based modes have been established for lightweight authenticated encryption, as can be seen from the high interest in the ongoing NIST lightweight competition. However, their security is upper bounded by O(σ
2/2
c
) bits, where σ are the number of calls and c is the hidden capacity of the state. The development of more schemes that provide higher security bounds led to the CHES’18 proposal Beetle that raised the bound to O(rσ/2
c
), where r is the public rate of the state.

While authenticated encryption can be performed in an on-line manner, authenticated decryption assumes that the resulting plaintext is buffered and never released if the corresponding tag is incorrect. Since lightweight devices may lack the resources for buffering, additional robustness guarantees, such as integrity under release of unverified plaintexts (Int-RUP), are desirable. In this stronger setting, the security of the established schemes, including Beetle, is limited by O(qpqd
/2
c
), where qd
is the maximal number of decryption queries, and qp
that of off-line primitive queries, which motivates novel approaches.

This work proposes Oribatida, a permutation-based AE scheme that derives s-bit masks from previous permutation outputs to mask ciphertext blocks. Oribatida can provide a security bound of O(rσ
2/
c+s
), which allows smaller permutations for the same level of security. It provides a security level dominated by

O
(

σ
d
2

/
2

c

)

O(\sigma_d^2{/2^c})

under Int-RUP adversaries, which eliminates the dependency on primitive queries. We prove its security under nonce-respecting and Int-RUP adversaries. We show that our Int-RUP bound is tight and show general attacks on previous constructions.
Transforming a clerkship with telemedicine
Authors: Bhatia Ravnit Kaur , Cooley Danielle , Collins Philip B. , Caudle Jennifer , Coren Joshua
Published: February 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had an overwhelming impact on both clinical practices and learning environments. On March 17th, 2020, the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine and Commission on Osteopathic College Accreditation issued a statement recommending a “pause” in medical student participation in-person at clinical sites. In response, the Family Medicine Department at the Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine recognized the need to evolve the traditional curriculum and quickly transitioned to an online format, incorporating telemedicine into the clerkship. This new model enabled 44 third-year medical students to obtain high-quality, offsite, virtual education and learn new skills.
An Analysis of Predictive Factors for the Conversion from Premature Thelarche into Complete Central Precocious Puberty
Authors: Zhu Shun-Ye , Du Min-Lian , Huang Ting-Ting
Published: February 2021

Aim: To determine the predictive factors for the conversion of premature thelarche (PT) into complete central precocious puberty (CCPP) in girls. Design: Prospective. Methods: One hundred and fifty-one girls with PT referred consecutively for evaluation of clinical, laboratory, and ultrasound data. Results: Twenty-one and a half percent of girls with PT converted into CCPP at a chronological age of 7.1 ± 0.7 years and bone age of 9.0 ± 1.1 years. Using logistic regression analysis, longitudinal diameter of uterus (OR = 1.215), Tanner breast stage at the time of first physical examination (OR = 3.334) 'and regression of breast development (OR= 3.921) were the most significant variables predicting the conversion from PT into CCPP. Compared with the nonconverted group, the converted groups had larger breast size at the time of diagnosis (z = 2.077, p = 0.038). A total of 69.5% (105/151) of patients experienced complete regression of breast development, 13.2% (14/105) of whom converted into CCPP; 21.5% (31/151) of patients had recurrent breast development, 32.3% (10/31) of whom converted into CCPP; 10% (15/151) of patients had constant breast development, 56.7% (7/15) of whom converted into CCPP, with the highest rate among the three breast development categories (x2 = 12.23, p = 0.002). Conclusion: PT is not often a self-limited condition and may sometimes convert into CCPP. The predictive factors for conversion were related to estrogen exposure including longitudinal diameter of the uterus, Tanner breast stage at the first consultation and the regressive categories of breast development.
Propylthiouracil Associated Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA) in Patients with Childhood Onset Graves' Disease
Authors: Panamonta Ouypom , Sumethkue Vasant , Radinahmed Piyanuth , Laopaiboon Malinee , Kirdpon Wichitr
Published: February 2021

Propylthiouracil (PTU) can induce anti-myeloperoxidase (MPO-ANCA) positive vasculitis. We performed a cross-sectional study to estimate the prevalence of MPO-ANCA in patients with childhood onset Graves' disease (GD) receiving PTU and to assess the relationship between ANCA and clinical manifestations of vasculitis. We studied 60 patients (59 girls and one boy) between 7.3 and 25.0 years of age (mean ± SD, 14.71 ± 4.49). GD, diagnosed at the age of 3.0 to 14.5 years (11.3 ± 2.48), was designated as: newly diagnosed, on PTU therapy, and after PTU discontinuation in 4, 50 and 6 patients, respectively. Manifestations of vasculitis were noted and the patients were tested for MPOANCA, antinuclear antibodies, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and urine analysis. Twentysix patients (43.3%) reacted positively for MPOANCA, 23 were on PTU therapy (0.42 to 6.00, median 3.00 years) and three had discontinued PTU. There were 34 (56.7%) ANCA-negative patients and 27 patients on PTU therapy (0.25 to 5.17, median 1.00 years, p = 0.012). Vasculitis presented in 16 patients (26.7%), all of whom were receiving PTU at the time of the study. The percentage of vasculitis among MPO-ANCA positive patients was 27.6% more than in the negative group, p = 0.017. PTU was discontinued in patients with vasculitis and positive for MPO-ANCA. Our findings show a high prevalence of MPO-ANCA positivity and a significantly higher percentage of vasculitis among these patients, suggesting that patients taking PTU should be closely observed for the appearance of MPOANCA and signs of vasculitis, especially patients GD who have been treated for a long time.
Efficacy and Safety of Inhaled Human Insulin (Exu hera®) Compared to Subcutaneous Insulin in Children Ages 6 to 11 Years with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Results of a 3-Month, Randomized, Parallel Trial
Authors: White Neil H. , Quattrin Teresa , Aubin Lisa B. St. , Duggan William T. , England Richard D. , Fryburg Julie S.
Published: February 2021

Aim: To compare the efficacy and safety of Exubera® (EXU) with subcutaneous (SC) insulin in children, ages 6-11 years, with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Design and Methods: 121 children were randomized to receive EXU or SC insulin, plus intermediate/ long-acting insulin for 12 weeks. Change in HbA1c was the primary efficacy endpoint. Results: Decreases from baseline HbA1c were comparable between treatment groups ( difference between adjusted mean decrease from baseline [EXU - SC insulin], -0.23 [95% CI, -0.49, 0.03]). Differences between groups on pulmonary function tests were small and not significant. Mild to moderate cough occurred in 24.6% of EXU versus 6.8% of SC insulin patients. The risk for hypoglycemia was comparable between EXU and SC insulin (relative risk 0.88 [95% CI, 0.71, 1.11]). Increased insulin antibodies with EXU were not associated with clinical findings. Conclusion: The efficacy and safety profiles shown in this study are the foundation for further investigation of EXU in this population.
Association between the number of pulls and adverse neonatal/maternal outcomes in vacuum-assisted delivery
Authors: Kamijo Kyosuke , Shigemi Daisuke , Nakajima Mikio , Kaszynski Richard H , Ohira Satoshi
Published: February 2021

Objectives

To determine the association between the number of pulls during vacuum-assisted deliver and neonatal and maternal complications.

Methods

This was a single-center observational study using a cohort of pregnancies who underwent vacuum-assisted delivery from 2013 to 2020. We excluded pregnancies transitioning to cesarean section after a failed attempt at vacuum-assisted delivery. The number of pulls to deliver the neonate was categorized into 1, 2, 3, and ≥4 pulls. We used logistic regression models to investigate the association between the number of pulls and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission and maternal composite outcome (severe perineal laceration, cervical laceration, transfusion, and postpartum hemorrhage ≥500 mL).

Results

We extracted 480 vacuum-assisted deliveries among 7,321 vaginal deliveries. The proportion of pregnancies receiving 1, 2, 3, or ≥4 pulls were 51.9, 28.3, 10.8, and 9.0%, respectively. The crude prevalence of NICU admission with 1, 2, 3, and ≥4 pulls were 10.8, 16.2, 15.4, and 27.9%, respectively. The prevalence of NICU admission, amount of postpartum hemorrhage, and postpartum hemorrhage ≥500 mL were significantly different between the four groups. Multivariable logistic regression analysis found the prevalence of NICU admission in the ≥4 pulls group was significantly higher compared with the 1 pull group (adjusted odds ratio, 3.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.4–7.8). In contrast, maternal complications were not significantly associated with the number of pulls.

Conclusions

Vacuum-assisted delivery with four or more pulls was significantly associated with an increased risk of NICU admission. However, the number of pulls was not associated with maternal complications.
Predicate derivations in Thulung
Authors: Lahaussois Aimée
Published: February 2021

In this article, I describe a subset of complex predicates in Thulung (Kiranti, Nepal) which I call “predicate derivations” (after Post, Mark. 2010. Predicate derivations in the Tani languages: root, suffix, both or neither? In Mark Post & Stephen Morey (eds.), North East Indian linguistics, 175–197. New Delhi: Cambridge University Press India). I argue that these constructions in Thulung are built on grammaticalized elements that can be synchronically considered to be derivational. I focus on their morphology, placing it within the context of simplex verbs, and highlighting certain features – multiple exponence, allomorphy of the derivational suffixes similar to that of simplex verbs – which suggest strongly a development from serial verb constructions. I discuss their functions, which cover valence changes, as well as the marking of associated motion and aspect/Aktionsart. Complex predicates are seen as a feature of South Asian languages, but the types found in Tibeto-Burman languages appear to be quite different, morphologically, from what is found in Indo-Aryan or Dravidian languages. This article therefore represents a language-specific description as a contribution to cross-linguistic research on the topic.
Genocide in Kashmir and the United Nations Failure to Invoke Responsibility to Protect (R2P): Causes and Consequences
Authors: Hussain Mehmood , Mehmood Sumara
Published: February 2021

The member states of the United Nations General Assembly in 2005 unanimously adopted the resolution on Responsibility to Protect (R2P) to save citizens from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity. Since adoption, the norm has been invoked in Libya, South Sudan, Yemen, and Syria, nonetheless, the UN refrains to respond to the genocide committed in the Jammu & Kashmir and triggering a greater sense of anxiety. In this context, the present paper elucidates the factors behind the UN failure. It asks why the UN failed to call R2P despite systematic crimes against humanity in Kashmir. What factors or forces preclude the UN to invoke R2P? The paper argues that the inability of the UN to invoke R2P is a consequence of systemic and domestic factors. The Indo-US strategic partnership, materialism, and New Delhi’s influence in the international system are obstructing the UN’s ability to play a decisive role. Meanwhile, the economic and military potential of India and its regional influence forbid the international community to dissuade India not to commit genocide in Jammu & Kashmir. So the high politics of materialism and national interests override the norm of human rights and humanity.
Crystal structure of ethyl (E)-5-(((3′,6′-bis(ethylamino)-3-oxospiro[isoindoline-1,9′-xanthen]-2-yl)imino)methyl)-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate — ethanol (1/1), C38H45N5O5
Authors: Gao Xiao-Li , Jia Shu-Shu , Su Rui
Published: February 2021

C38H45N5O5, triclinic, P

1
‾

(no. 2), a = 11.3541(16) Å, b = 12.1833(17) Å, c = 14.409(2) Å, α = 68.240(2)°, β = 76.613(3)°, γ = 88.873(3)°, V = 1796.0(4) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0620, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.2023, T = 296 K.
The State of Globality in a (Post)-COVID World
Authors: Steger Manfred B.
Published: February 2021

This article assesses the current state of globality in light of the ongoing COVID-19 crisis. It opens with a concise survey of influential meanings and uses of “globality” in extant global studies literature. Offering clarifications and definitions of two pertinent keywords – “globality” and “globalization” – this overview provides a careful conceptual delineation of these two concepts as a prerequisite for determining their causal relation: globalization (the process) shapes globality (the condition). It is argued that the widening disjunctures and cleavages among the major globalization dynamics are transforming the hitherto dominant form of globality. Yielding a plausible response to the crucial question of how globality itself has been transformed by globalization, the clarification of the major structural dynamics linking the disjunctive processes of space-time compression to the restructuring of the mutable condition of worldwide interconnectedness facilitates a comprehensive assessment of the current state of globality. The article ends with a brief speculation on the future of globality and the prospects for overcoming the negative social impacts of disjunctive globalization.
Civil Society and COVID-19 in Hungary: The Complete Annexation of Civil Space
Authors: Kövér Ágnes , Antal Attila , Deák Izabella
Published: February 2021

The paper examines the CSOs – government relations during the COVID-19 pandemic, first introducing how the pandemic affected the already authoritarian regime in Hungary and how this regime utilized the epidemic to extend and fortify its power. Then the paper presents the antecedents of the relationship between civil society and government in the frame of the National System of Cooperation (NSC). This relationship is unilaterally dominated by the government, and it may appear as a “4C strategy”: Cooptation, Coercion, Crowding out, Creation (the creation of a new, loyal civil society). Exploring the civil society and government relations during the pandemic, the study will conclude that there was no government attempt to coordinate the activities of CSOs or to try to harmonize sectoral cooperation from a broader perspective. The occurrences demonstrated the explosion of solidarity and the carnival of solidarity. These forms of solidarity, however, remain informal and leave deepening structural problems untouched. The paper presents the results of an empirical research which was conducted between March and September of 2020. The nodal points of the research include the resilience and flexibility of the organizations, their efforts to assist during the emergency and lockdown, as well as the issues of networking and the nature of their relations with the national and local authorities.
Qualitative and Quantitative Microstructural Analysis of Copper for Sintering Process Optimization in Additive Manufacturing Applications
Authors: Ott J. , Burghardt A. , Britz D. , Majauskaite S. , Mücklich F.
Published: February 2021

This work will present possibilities for the characterization of copper powder green bodies and sintered copper microstructures during pressureless sintering. The introduction of new parameters to microstructural characterization based on qualitative and quantitative microstructural analysis will facilitate the systematic optimization of the sintering process. As a result of the specific evaluation of the microstructure evolution, conventional isothermal sintering could be successfully replaced by multi-step temperature profiles, thus achieving sintering densities of more than 99 % by simultaneously reducing process time. This systematic optimization of the sintering process of Cu through specific microstructural analysis may now be applied to sinter-based manufacturing technologies such as Binder Jetting and Metal Powder Injection Moulding, enabling the manufacture of complex and highly conductive Cu parts for applications in electronics.
Phase Identification in Multi-Phase Cu-Zn/Cu-Al Alloys with Macroscopic Concentration Gradients
Authors: Kaaden T. , Rettenmayr M. , Lippmann S.
Published: February 2021

In order to study concentration invariant phase transitions in Cu-Zn-Al alloys which occur in a very narrow concentration range samples with concentration gradients were produced. Cylinders made of brass and Cu-Al bronze were joined by diffusion bonding and subsequently annealed. The samples exhibit multi-phase regions (α, β, γ1, martensite) with changing compositions and very different chemical properties. Standard techniques for the metallographic preparation of Cu alloys usually target specific phases within limited concentration ranges. To evaluate the microstructure, a two-stage chemical etching method using sodium hydroxide solution and subsequent selective colour etching was successfully used to gain an overview of the phases present in different areas along the concentration gradient. For the characterization of martensite, its birefringent optical properties were utilized. In polarized light, details of the martensitic structure are revealed which would otherwise only be accessible by scanning electron methods.
Gamma Prime Solutioning Tests of Alloy 247 Specimens
Authors: Neidel A. , Fischer B. , Giller M.
Published: February 2021

Strictly speaking, this contribution is not about a case study in failure analysis. However, the investigation described herein was inspired by a failure case. A heavyduty gas turbine engine used in a power and desalination plant in the Middle East experienced creep damage and cracking in some of its row 4 turbine blades after only some 15,000 operating hours. Microstructural alterations detrimental to the creep strength of the alloy were determined to be the metallurgical root cause of the failure. It was believed that said microstructural alterations were brought about by unusual transient operating conditions in engine service. Heat treatment tests were ordered to verify or disprove this hypothesis. It was established that the peculiar gamma prime morphology found in the failed blades can be produced by very high solutioning temperatures and subsequent rapid cooling. Such conditions in engine service are conceivable if sufficient unburnt fuel enters the turbine and ignites downstream of the combustion chamber (high temperature), and if water used in fuel line purging is injected into the turbine section immediately thereafter (rapid cooling). Solutioning above 1240 °C, followed by a water quench, produced said mono-modal fine γ' morphology.
Roll-over-web coating analysis of micropolar-Casson fluid: a theoretical investigation
Authors: Abbas Zaheer , Khaliq Sabeeh
Published: February 2021

The theoretical model of micropolar-Casson fluid is studied in roll-coating over a moving substrate based on the lubrication theory. Closed-form solutions for the velocity, pressure gradient, and microrotation are attained, while a numerical technique employed to compute interesting engineering variables such as pressure, roll-separating force, separating point, and power input. The influence of involved parameters on the physical and engineering quantities are displayed via graphs and table. The coupling number (N) and viscoplastic parameter (β) provide the controlling mechanism for the exit sheet thickness, separating force, and power input. Also, the pressure gradient and pressure profile in the nip region enhances for large values of coupling number (N) whereas the viscoplastic parameter (β) gives the opposite behavior.
Technology supporting green chemistry in chemical education
Authors: Nalley E. Ann
Published: February 2021

Changes in technology have affected the way we teach, the way students learn and the way chemical research is conducted. Rapid changes in technology have greatly improved laboratory instrumentation, data collection and treatment and have greatly enabled Green Chemistry. This chapter will trace the career of a 4-year college professor who began teaching as a high school teacher in the sixties and transcended to the collegiate level. She will describe how changes in technology changed the way we teach chemistry and how this has enabled us to introduce green chemistry at all levels to our students. This chapter will highlight changes in technology which have enabled educators both in teaching chemistry labs and conducting research to employ green chemistry.
Horne Safety in the UK-A Review of the Influence of Human and Housing Factors
Authors: Onnandy David , Moore Richard
Published: February 2021

Injuries and deaths from home accidents are a major public health problem. This paper describes how data on housing characteristics were matched with dwelling-related mortality and injuries data. As no single database provided sufficient accurate data on housing and occupiers, this task involved identifying data-sets to create and validate a Housing and Population Database, which was matched with various data-sets on injuries and fatalities that are associated with the home. Taking account of both frequency of accidents and severity of outcomes, analyses of the matched data showed the true rank order of type of home accidents. Also investigated was whether one age group was more vulnerable to a particular type of accident and the relation between different types of accidents and the age and type of dwelling. A literature review was carried out to look at the relation between the design and condition of dwelling features and accidents and between human behavior and accidents. The results showed that little work has been done in most areas on the different degrees of the contribution made by human behavior and building conditions. Even though more focused research would be useful, preventative actions could reduce the scale oft he problem.
Housing, Urban Development and Health in Latin America: Contrasts, Inequalities and Challenges
Authors: Assis Comaru Francisco de , Faria Westphal Marcia
Published: February 2021

Since the outset of the 201 h century, growing urbanization and its contingent waxing populations in Latin America, including Brazil, have come to have alarming effects on the conditions of life, especially in the areas of housing and healthcare for such populations. In this paper, we present data describing and qualifying the process of urbanization and its consequences for Latin American countries and certain Brazilian cities. Arguments are presented about the effects of the urbanization process and the development of low-income human settlements (slums known as favelas and squatting in tenement housing) on health conditions, diseases, and the death rate. The first part of the paper is based on secondary and quantitative data about urbanization, housing, and health in Brazilian and other Latin American cities. Governmental and nongovernmental data are used to structure the problematic landscape of the Latin American region. In the second part of the paper, we focus on a case study of a Brazilian coast city that has registered an intense population growth. This study demonstrates that urban policy (housing, environmental, sanitation, and urban transportation) requires an integration of health and environmental public policy and demonstrates the importance of the role of popular participation in urban public policy-making, and the potential importance of the Bertiioga Healthy City Project from the perspective of a better integration of actions, policies, and programs.
Advances in imaging acute ischemic stroke: evaluation before thrombectomy
Authors: He Guangchen , Wei Liming , Lu Haitao , Li Yuehua , Zhao Yuwu , Zhu Yueqi
Published: February 2021

Recent advances in neuroimaging have demonstrated significant assessment benefits and appropriate triage of patients based on specific clinical and radiological features in the acute stroke setting. Endovascular thrombectomy is arguably the most important aspect of acute stroke management with an extended time window. Imaging-based physiological information may potentially shift the treatment paradigm from a rigid time-based model to a more flexible and individualized, tissue-based approach, increasing the proportion of patients amenable to treatment. Various imaging modalities are routinely used in the diagnosis and management of acute ischemic stroke, including multimodal computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Therefore, these imaging methods should provide information beyond the presence or absence of intracranial hemorrhage as well as the presence and extent of the ischemic core, collateral circulation and penumbra in patients with neurological symptoms. Target mismatch may optimize selection of patients with late or unknown symptom onset who would potentially be eligible for revascularization therapy. The purpose of this study was to provide a comprehensive review of the current evidence about efficacy and theoretical basis of present imaging modalities, and explores future directions for imaging in the management of acute ischemic stroke.
Determinants of pain occurrence in dance teachers
Authors: Haenel Jasmin , Schoettker-Koeniger Thomas , Groneberg David A. , Wanke Eileen M.
Published: February 2021

Objectives

Dance teachers are strongly dependent on their functional body in their professional practice. As yet, it has largely been unclear whether the musculoskeletal system is endangered by a dance teaching activity. Pain can be a warning signal for a health hazard. The aims of the study were (a) to determine the pain prevalence, location and assessment of dance teachers and (b) to identify determinants of pain occurrence over a 3-month period prior to the survey.

Methods

The quantitative, retrospective cohort study was conducted with n=166 dance teachers by an anonymous online survey. The data on the study sample, professional practice and pain prevalence, location and assessment were presented descriptively. A binary logistic regression was used to identify determinants of pain occurrence in the last 3 months from the sample parameters and the data of professional practice.

Results

In the 3-month period n=143 (86.1%) of dance teachers had been in pain, often localized in the lower back and lower extremities. In the binary logistic regression model, the Body mass index (BMI) (odds ratio (OR)=1.15, 95% CI: 0.93–1.42, p=0.18), age (OR=1.03, 95% CI: 0.99–1.08, p=0.11) and the presence of disease (OR=2.81, 95% CI: 0.78–10.15, p=0.12) were identified as determinants of pain occurrence (LR-Chi2=7.8, p<0.05, pseudo R2=0.06, n=160).

Conclusions

Pain occurs in dance teachers under multifactorial conditions. Pain occurrence seems to be favored by context factors, such as the BMI, age and the presence of diseases. However, none of these factors could be identified as a significant, clear risk factor for the occurrence of pain in this sample. Education and preventive measures, that consider pain as a warning signal, should take effect early in the dance career.
Although tapentadol and oxycodone both increase colonic volume, tapentadol treatment resulted in softer stools and less constipation: a mechanistic study in healthy volunteers
Authors: Mark Esben Bolvig , Frøkjær Jens Brøndum , Hansen Tine Maria , Nedergaard Rasmus Bach , Drewes Asbjørn Mohr
Published: February 2021

Objectives

Opioids are often used in treatment of severe pain, although many patients experience gastrointestinal side-effects like constipation. The aim of the current study was to investigate changes in colonic volume, as the result of both colonic motility and fluid transport, in healthy volunteers during opioid treatment with tapentadol as compared with oxycodone and placebo.

Methods

In a randomized, double-blind, cross-over study, 21 healthy male volunteers were administered equianalgesic dosages of oral tapentadol (50 mg bid), oxycodone (10 mg bid) or corresponding placebo for 14 days. Segmental colonic volumes were quantified using T2-weighted magnetic resonance images, and gastrointestinal side-effects were assessed with questionnaires.

Results

Total colonic volume increase during treatment was higher during tapentadol and oxycodone treatment (median 48 and 58 mL) compared to placebo (median −14 mL, both p≤0.003). Tapentadol (and placebo) treatment resulted in more bowel movements (both p<0.05) and softer stool consistency as compared with oxycodone (both p<0.01). Only oxycodone treatment was associated with increased constipation, straining during defecation, and tiredness (all p≤0.01). The colonic volume increase during treatment was directly associated with softer stools during tapentadol treatment (p=0.019).

Conclusions

Tapentadol treatment increased colonic volume without leading to harder stools, likely as the opioid sparing effects result in less water absorption from the gut lumen. Oxycodone treatment also increased colonic volume, but with a simultaneous increase in stool dryness and gastrointestinal and central nervous system side-effects. The results confirm that tapentadol treatment may be advantageous to oxycodone regarding tolerability to pain treatment.
Tertullian on the Afterlife: “Only Martyrs are in Heaven” and Other Misunderstandings
Authors: Wilhite David E.
Published: February 2021

Perpetua only saw martyrs in heaven, according to Tertullian, De anima 55,4. This passage has perplexed scholars, since Tertullian seems to be referring to Saturus’s vision, not Perpetua’s (Passio Perpetuae et Felicitatis 13,8). Additionally, Tertullian’s citation is part of his larger argument against the Valentinians, in which he makes the peculiar claim that the souls of the dead are “below” (inferi) with the exception of the martyrs who are in Paradise. I contend that Tertullian’s claim has been misunderstood in the last few decades of scholarship because of a failure to contextualize his remark within his rhetorical strategy. Disentangling Tertullian’s convictions from his rhetoric is notoriously difficult, and yet by reading Tertullian as fully immersed in the tactics from the Second Sophistic Movement recent scholars have made great advances in our understanding of this North African Christian writer. Several of Tertullian’s other works provide counter-evidence to the idea that only martyrs go to heaven: specifically, Tertullian further defines “heaven,” its location, and its occupants; additionally, Tertullian clarifies who is a “martyr” in his wider oeuvre. When Tertullian’s own teachings on the afterlife are retrieved, then one can re-read De anima to see how Tertullian has cloaked these with rhetorical devices meant to refute the Valentinian notion of the soul’s ascent through multiple heavens. This idea that Tertullian believed only martyrs gain immediate access to heaven—which has often been repeated in the most recent century’s secondary literature—is itself a misunderstanding of earlier modern scholarship.
Ascèse et liturgie dans l’Orient chrétien. Coutumes monastiques à l’enfermement d’un reclus
Authors: Oltean Daniel , Youssef Youhanna N.
Published: February 2021

This article focuses on the ancient Greek and Coptic euchologia containing a little-known monastic liturgical ritual used when a monk exchanged his coenobitic way of life for a solitary one. The oldest Greek manuscripts which preserve this ritual date back to the 10th century. In the Coptic environment, it is found in manuscripts from the 14th century. Nevertheless, long before these dates, Syriac literary sources mention an office for the blessing of the monastic cells, which contains several elements in common with the Greek and Coptic liturgical texts. As the ritual is no longer included in the modern euchologia, the article highlights the traces of the custom and the monastic reasons of this tacitly accepted forgetfulness.
All waves have a zero tunneling time
Authors: Nimtz Günter , Aichmann Horst
Published: February 2021

Zero tunneling time and thereby a faster than light traversal velocity was calculated nearly a hundred years ago and has been observed recently. We report about experimental results and estimations, which confirm the zero time tunneling for elastic as well as for electromagnetic and Schrödinger waves. Zero time tunneling was first observed with microwaves 1992 (H. Aichmann and G. Nimtz, Found. Phys., vol. 44, p. 678, 2014; A. Enders and G. Nimtz, J. Phys. I, vol. 2, p. 169, 1992). In 2008, zero time was also observed for tunneling electrons (P. Eckle, A. N. Pfeiffer, C. Cirelli, et al., Science, vol. 322, p. 1525, 2008). Presumably, this effect took place with atoms quite recently (R. Ramos, D. Spierings, I. Racicot, and A. M. Steinberg, Nature, vol. 583, p. 529, 2020). The Einstein relation E
2 = (ħk)2
c
2 is not satisfied in the tunneling process, since the wave number k is imaginary (E is the total energy, ħ the Planck constant, and c the vacuum velocity of light), Zero time tunneling is described by virtual photons (A. Stahlhofen and G. Nimtz, Europhys. Lett., vol. 76, p. 189, 2006). The tunneling process itself violates the Special Theory of Relativity. Remarkably, Brillouin conjectured that wave mechanics is valid for all waves independent of their field (L. Brillouin, Wave Propagation in Periodic Structures, Chap. VIII, New York, Dover Publications, 1953).