bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Survei Awal Studi Perbandingan Al-Qurâ€™an dan Bibel dalam Kesarjanaan Barat Sebuah Perjalanan Menuju Intertekstualitas
Authors: Fina Lien Iffah Nafâ€™atu
Published: August 2020

Artikel ini hendak mengkaji tafsir sufistik Said Nursi dan Fethullah Gulen, persamaan dan perbedaan keduanya. Dengan menggunakan teori sejarah sosial pemikiran tafsir, tulisan ini mengungkapkan bahwa baik Nursi maupun Gulen samasama menggunakan paradigma sufistik dalam penafsiran Al-Qurâ€™an. Paradigma sufistik dalam penafsiran Al-Qurâ€™an menjadi cara efektif yang digunakan untuk mereka yang hidup di lingkungan â€˜sekulerâ€™, sehingga keduanya memilih â€˜suasana sejukâ€™ guna menularkan pengetahuan Qurâ€™ani ke komunitasnya yang digempur gelamornya peradaban Barat dengan sistemnya yang sekuler. Paradigma sufistik yang dikembangkan Nursi dan Gulen tidak sepenuhnya menjinakkan akal di samping hati dan jiwa. Ketiga-tiganya digunakan secara seimbang dalam mengarungi samudera Al-Qurâ€™an. Selain itu, apa yang dilakukan Nursi, dan khususnya Gulen, sekaligus membantah apa yang diragukan Ignaz Goldziher bahwa tasawuf merupakan doktrin asing dari tradisi Islam. Baik Nursi maupun Gulen merupakan tokoh yang lebur bersama komunitasnya, sehingga cakrawala tafsir yang dihasilkan lebih bernuansa populis, ketimbang perdebatan akademis.Kata Kunci : Tafsir Sufistik, Badiâ€™uzzaman Said Nursi, Fethullah Gulen
Konsep Pewahyuan Al-Qurâ€™an Menurut Stefan Wild
Authors: Baharuddin Moh Achwan
Published: August 2020

Signifikansi wahyu atau Firman Tuhan telah menjadi bahan kajian sejak lama, baik sarjana Muslim maupun non-Muslim, terutama wahyu tersebut bertransformasi dari satu hal ke hal yang lain, seperti Al-Qurâ€™an yang berbentuk kalamullah, kepada bentuk pengucapan atau hafalan yang kemudian menjadi sesuatu yang tertulis. Tulisan singkat di bawah ini coba memaparkan tentang pewahyuan prespektif orientalis, Stefan Wild. Sebelum ke ranah pewahyuan, penulis coba mempotret posisi Wild diantara kajian-kajian yang sudah dilakukan para orientalis lainnya.

Kata Kunci: Al-Qurâ€™an, Orientalis, dan Stefan Wild
Foreign direct investment, corruption, and institutional reforms
Authors: Espinosa-Ramirez Rafael
Published: August 2020

Corruption impacts the competitive conditions among firms and the flow of foreign investment. Institutional reforms made for fighting against corruption are sometimes useless. We develop a model in which a corrupted government tries to set an optimal institutional level taking into account the cost of this policy on foreign investment, the benefit of a corrupted domestic firm and the benefit of local citizens. A political contribution is made by a corrupted lobby group in order to benefit from a lower institutional level. Our results suggest that the optimal institutional level depends on the degree of efficiency of firms and the level of corruption of the host government.
Research Initiatives in Accounting Education: Providing Access to Education and Obtaining Credentials
Authors: Kremin Joleen , Pasewark William R.
Published: August 2020

In this essay, we draw from prior literature to suggest needed future research that may clarify and influence the value proposition of accounting education and professional credentialing. We recommend investigations that challenge educators to develop professional competencies more efficiently and effectively. In addition, we suggest research that examines the costs and benefits of obtaining an education in accounting, especially the costs associated with the 150-hour requirement for CPAs and differential tuition rates for accounting majors. Research is also proposed to address the possibility that certain costs and regulations create barriers to entry to the accounting profession, particularly for some socioeconomic groups.
A Classroom Exercise on Building Auditors' Interview Skills
Authors: Wang Yunsen , Chiu Tiffany , Wang Tawei , Debreceny Roger S.
Published: August 2020

This instructional resource describes a classroom exercise that assists students to understand the importance of performing interviews for auditors. The exercise allows students to practice their interview skills in the context of a business continuity problem. Students are assigned to groups of two and are randomly chosen to play the role of either an auditor or a director of information technology in a client corporation. In this setting, the auditor needs to understand the audit client's business continuity strategies and practices from the director's perspective without being able to observe or obtain detailed information. This exercise contributes to the development of students' ability to interview, which is an important soft skill in the audit process. In addition, this exercise can be administered at different levels of auditing or accounting information systems courses to bring more hands-on learning activities to the classroom.
A Computational Approach for Defining a Signature of β-Cell Golgi Stress in Diabetes
Authors: Bone Robert N. , Oyebamiji Olufunmilola , Talware Sayali , Selvaraj Sharmila , Krishnan Preethi , Syed Farooq , Wu Huanmei , Evans-Molina Carmella
Published: August 2020

The Golgi apparatus (GA) is an important site of insulin processing and granule maturation, but whether GA organelle dysfunction and GA stress are present in the diabetic β-cell has not been tested. We used an informatics-based approach to develop a transcriptional signature of β-cell GA stress using existing RNA sequencing and microarray data sets generated using human islets from donors with diabetes and islets where type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes had been modeled ex vivo. To narrow our results to GA-specific genes, we applied a filter set of 1,030 genes accepted as GA associated. In parallel, we generated an RNA-sequencing data set from human islets treated with brefeldin A (BFA), a known GA stress inducer. Overlapping the T1D and T2D groups with the BFA data set, we identified 120 and 204 differentially expressed genes, respectively. In both the T1D and T2D models, pathway analyses revealed that the top pathways were associated with GA integrity, organization, and trafficking. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to validate a common signature of GA stress that included ATF3, ARF4, CREB3, and COG6. Taken together, these data indicate that GA-associated genes are dysregulated in diabetes and identify putative markers of β-cell GA stress.
Longitudinal Plasma Kallikrein Levels and their Association with the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes in Type 1 Diabetes in DCCT/EDIC
Authors: Admin Ada , Jaffa Miran A , Bebu Ionut , Luttrell Deirdre , Braffett Barbara H , Lachin John M , Hunt Kelly , Lopes-Virella Maria , Luttrell Louis , Lyons Timothy J , Jaffa Ayad A
Published: August 2020

We determined
the relationship between plasma kallikrein and cardiovascular disease (CVD)
outcomes as well as major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in the
DCCT/EDIC-cohort of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Plasma kallikrein levels were
measured longitudinally in 693 subjects at DCCT baseline (1983-1989), mid-point of DCCT (1988-1991), end of DCCT
(1993), and EDIC years 4-6 (1997-1999), 8-10 (2001-2003), and 11-13
(2004-2006). Cox proportional hazards regression models
assessed the association between plasma kallikrein levels and the risk of CVD. In
unadjusted models, higher plasma kallikrein levels were associated with higher
risk of any CVD during DCCT/EDIC (HR=1.16 per 20 nM
higher levels of plasma kallikrein; p=0.0177) as well as over the EDIC-only
period (HR=1.22; p=0.0024). The association between plasma kallikrein levels
and the risk of any CVD remained significant during the EDIC follow-up after
adjustment for age and mean HbA1c (HR=1.20; p=0.0082) and in the fully adjusted
model for other CVD risk factors (HR=1.17; p=0.0330). For MACE, higher plasma kallikrein
levels were associated with higher risk in unadjusted (HR=1.25; p=0.0145),
minimally adjusted (HR=1.23; p=0.0417, and fully adjusted (HR=1.27; p=0.0328) models during EDIC-only. These novel findings indicate that plasma
kallikrein level associates with the risk of any CVD and MACE in T1D
individuals.
Mass-spektrometricheskoye issledovaniye i teoreticheskoye modelirovaniye kompleksov flukonazola s alaninom, lizinom i treoninom
Authors: Чаговец В. В.
Published: August 2020

Izucheniye mekhanizmov deystviya preparatov triazola i ponimaniye molekulyarnoy osnovy ikh affinnosti i spetsifichnosti mozhet byt' ispol'zovano dlya ratsional'noy razrabotki novykh lekarstvennykh sredstv. Tsel'yu raboty bylo izuchit' kompleksy predstavitelya klassa triazolov flukonazola s aminokislotami s pomoshch'yu mass-spektrometrii, molekulyarnoy dinamiki i kvantovo-khimicheskikh ab initio raschetov. V khode eksperimental'nogo issledovaniya s pomoshch'yu mass-spektrometrii s elektroraspylitel'noy ionizatsiyey i tandemnoy mass-spektrometrii byli proanalizirovany rastvory flukonazola, alanina, lizina i treonina. Molekulyarno-dinamicheskoye modelirovaniye kompleksov flukonazola s aminokislotami provodili s ispol'zovaniyem silovogo polya CHARMM. Kvantovo-khimicheskiye raschety struktury i energeticheskikh parametrov kompleksov provodili na urovne teorii funktsionala plotnosti s ispol'zovaniyem funktsiy B3LYP s bazisom 3-21G i 6-311++G**. Mass-spektry pokazali, chto flukonazol obrazuyet stabil'nyye kompleksy s aminokislotami v stekhiometricheskom sootnoshenii 1 : 1. Po rezul'tatam tandemnoy mass-spektrometrii s var'irovaniyem energii fragmentatsii ionov-assotsiatov flukonazola s aminokislotami postroyen sleduyushchiy ryad: [Fluc + Ala + H]+ < [Fluc + Lys + H]+ < [Fluc + Thr + H]+. Poluchivshiyesya v rezul'tate kvantovo-khimicheskikh raschetov energii vzaimodeystviya mezhdu flukonazolom i aminokislotoy obrazuyut ryad, analogichnyy poluchennomu po eksperimental'nym dannym. Takim obrazom, na primere kompleksov flukonazola s aminokislotami prodemonstrirovana vozmozhnost' kombinirovaniya eksperimental'nykh mass-spektrometricheskikh issledovaniy i kvantovo-khimicheskogo modelirovaniya dlya izucheniya svoystv takikh kompleksov.
Teaching students of economic specialties to collaborate in ESP classes
Authors: Zaitseva Natalia , Suprun Olena
Published: August 2020

The article deals with the methodology of teaching students majoring in economic specialties to collaborate as one of the four key skills of the 21st century (4C) while teaching “English for Specific Purposes”. The urge to develop the ability to work effectively in a team arises from the lack of correlation between the needs of the labour market and proficiency level of graduates. Educators and business communities emphasise the importance of mastering collaborative strategies during university studies since this raises graduates’ competitiveness; though teachers use collaboration techniques when teaching a foreign language. Collaborative learning is often used only as a means of teaching other content, not as a method of improving collaboration skills. The article analyses the Ukrainian university graduates’ proficiency level, identifies the basic prerequisites for teaching collaboration and considers the methods of developing collaboration skills in teaching a foreign language. The development of these skills is determined by the collaboration of teachers while planning curricula and in the teaching process. The results of the research conducted at Tavria State Agrotechnological University are presented. The recommendations on how to create the conditions for productive collaboration of students when solving problems are given; the basic requirements for these tasks are specified. Some examples of group work that contribute to enhancing collaborative skills to achieve a common goal are given; the role of the teacher as a facilitator and an observer who promotes students’ effective collaboration is determined. According to the results of the study, a significant increase in students’ knowledge and skills and their psychological readiness to collaborate in their future professional activity, which seems to be more important, was noted. It is proved that teaching collaboration is a desirable result and an achievable goal of learning a foreign language at university.
Analysis of the development of distance learning as a modern form of information and education environment
Authors: Dekusar Ganna , Davydova Nataliya
Published: August 2020

The article considers the essence of development and dissemination of distance learning as an innovative technology in the Ukrainian and foreign education space in the context of the historical and pedagogical approach. The authors study the conditions of implementation of this education technology, teaching aids and features of teaching. An important point of the article is the analysis of the genesis of the educational process at different stages, positive and negative aspects of distance education, as well as the authors' own practical recommendations for using modern distance learning platforms taking into account the needs of education and information environment. A large number of works in modern general and professional pedagogy are devoted to the study of such an innovative education technology as distance learning. Using comparative and descriptive research methods, the history of this phenomenon in education is considered, the main pedagogical categories are identified, the advantages and disadvantages of the distance education application and difficulties of this technology implementation are identified. Despite the high level of the problem elaboration and introduction of distance learning in modern education, there is a need, taking into account modern realities, to analyse the significance and essence of this innovative approach in more details. The authors of the article consider modern distance learning platforms in terms of intensification of foreign language and other humanities learning. The necessity of distance education technologies implementation under conditions of modern technogenic civilisation is proved, when traditional models of organisation of the educational process fail to satisfy the education needs of a large number of population. The result of the work is a substantiated statement of the authors about the necessity to combine traditional and distance learning models to ensure the competitiveness of the modern educational process.
Organization of media training intended for teachers in the United States and Canada
Authors: Golovchenko Glib
Published: August 2020

In the time of digital technologies and transformation of teachers’ role, the problem of the lack of teachers’ media education support and their insufficient level of readiness to implement media technologies in educational process has become of vital importance. The analysis of American scientists’ ideas has resulted in the conclusion about irreversible consequences of an insufficient level of teachers’ media education that may lead to the loss of democracy in society. In the article, the author stresses the idea about the interconnection between the teachers’ level of training to incorporate media education in the process of learning and its efficiency. It is underlined that this understanding shown by state educational establishments, administrative staff, scientists and teachers is not widely accepted, which is proved by the quantity of media courses, character of training in universities and the time of such training appearance in the curriculum of pedagogical educational establishments. Until recently, in spite of inclusion of media education knowledge in curricular, teachers have been left without proper training in such an activity in the system of formal education. On the example of a number of American and Canadian universities (Indiana University Bloomington, University of Massachusetts, Manitoba University, Vancouver University), the author has distinguished the ways of future teacher media training in formal education (as special training in the area of communication, as a separate course, as components of every course, taught at university). The main peculiarity of the future teacher media training is the encouraging Centres for Online and Digital Learning and libraries which offer necessary support in conducting lessons with digital media tools, media services, consultations on doing media tasks and incorporating media in educational process in schools.
El arte como preludio de lo terrible
Authors: Sagaspe Federico
Published: August 2020

El artista indaga los abismos, los límites de su existencia y, desde allí, procura traer al plano de lo decible sus anhelos, sus deseos, aquello que lo angustia, que lo horroriza. Entre esos límites que distingue e inquiere, descubre la posibilidad de morir como irrebasable; percepción que, en su cotidianeidad, se le oculta. La producción y la experiencia estética —liberadora del tiempo para algo en el que regularmente convivimos— otorgan al existente humano la viabilidad de develar su propia posibilidad de morir, su existencia como temporalidad; y, luego, revalorizar cada instante como único e irrepetible en la responsabilidad de tener que elegirse, invariablemente, en su ser hasta la muerte.
Tiempo desquiciado. Entrevista a Darío Sztajnszrajber
Authors: Delle Donne Sofía , Santarsiero Federico
Published: August 2020

En la siguiente entrevista, Darío Sztajnszrajber desarrolla la noción de tiempo en sentido filosófico y, en particular, las características distintivas que adquiere este concepto en medio de la pandemia por el coronavirus. A razón de ello relaciona el tiempo (o los tiempos) con la cotidianidad, la política y el arte.
Una cultura de conmemoración es un cementerio
Authors: Leonardi Yamil
Published: August 2020

Año 2027: una típica mañana londinense despierta con su bruma gris a los últimos hijos del hombre que se dirigen entonces a la cadena de cafés más cercana antes de empezar su turno en el trabajo. Mientras las bombas estallan afuera y causan apenas un poco de alboroto entre la exacerbada militarización y los intentos de insurrección, alguien lee K-Punk, de Mark Fisher, y sueña con un futuro diferente.
دراسة عملية فقدان الطاقة الناجمة عن حرق الغاز المصاحب للنفط في شركة نفط الشمال (حقل خباز وحقل جمبور)
Authors: حسين حبيب حميد
Published: August 2020

يتضمن البحث دراسة ميدانية ودراسة الجدوى الاقتصادية لاستغلال الغازات الهيدروكاربونية المصاحبة في حقل خباز وحقلي جمبور النفطي(الشمالي والجنوبي) في توليد الطاقة الكهربائية بدلا من حرقها مع  تحليل الغازات المصاحبة لإنتاج النفط باستخدام جهاز. Gas Chromatography حيث أظهرت نتائج تحليل حقل جمبور إن الغازات المصاحبة لإنتاج النفط في الحقل الجنوبي خالية من غاز كبريتيد الهيدروجين (H2S) وهناك نسبة قليلة منه في الحقل الشمالي ويشكل غازالميثان (CH4) بحدود(80%) من باقي الغازات الموجودة في الحقلين . وكذلك وجد إن إنتاجية الحقل من الغازات المصاحبة لإنتاج النفط عالية جدا(أكثر من  230 مقمق/يوم في الحقل الجنوبي وأكثر من 701 مقمق /يوم في الحقل الشمالي ويشكل الميثان (80%)  ايضا مع وجود (8.61) من غاز(H2S) في المرحلة الاولى من الانتاج حيث يتم تقليلها الى (3.81) في المرحلة الثانية والى (0.0) في المرحلة الاخيرة . اما بالنسبة لحقل خباز أظهرت نتائج التحليل إن غاز الميثان(CH4) تشكل نسبة (80%) من باقي الغازات ونسبة (H2S) أكثر من (1.05%) ، وكذلك وجد إن إنتاجية الحقل من الغازات المصاحبة لإنتاج النفط (27.9 مقمق/يوم) وان مقدار الهدر (الحرق) بحدود (7 مقمق/يوم) والتي تكفي لتوليد أكثر من (15 MW) من الكهرباء مع إمكانية استخدامه في الصناعات  البتروكيمياوية .
تغليف واجهات الابنية بالواح الالمنيوم العاكس الغير تقليدية الشكلوتاثيره على الطاقة الكهربائية المستهلكة للاغراض التكييف
Authors: عاطف علي حسن
Published: August 2020

الد ا رسة النظرية والعملية الحالية تهدف الى تحديد كمية الطاقة الكهربائية المرشدة من خلال تقليل التاثي ا رت البيئية الخارجية على بناية في فصل الصيف من خلال تغليف اسطح الجد ا رن الخارجية بصفائح مصنوعة من الالمنيوم العاكس نوع [ANS H35.1(2001)] مع اشكال غير تقليدية . حيث كانت الغرفة النموذج بابعاد (2×1×1) متر تقع في الطابق الثالث ضمن بناية في مدينة بغداد عند خط عرض 8... درجة شمالا .وايضا تم استخدام عازل ح ا رري بسمك 800 ملم نوع ستاييربور )البولي ستايرين( من اجل تغليف السقف والارضية والجد ا رن الثلاثة الاخرى من داخل الغرفة من اجل تقليل انتقال الح ا ررة من تلك الجد ا رن. اما الجدار قيد الدرسة الذي بابعاد (2×1) متر و مواجه لجهة الشرق . هذه الغرفة مجهزة بوحدة تكييف هواء سعتها واحد طن لتوفير حيز بارد داخل الغرفة ومن اجل الحصول على الظروف الح ا ررية القياسية. تم تسجيل درجات الح ا ررة على الاسطح الخارجية والداخلية للجدار وكذلك درجة ح ا ررة الهواء الخارجي تم قياسها . في الظل وليوم واحد من الساعة الخامسة صباحا الى الساعة السادسة عص ا ر خلال اشهر الصيف فقط من عام 8022 واظهرت النتائج ان استخدام الصفائح المقترحة سوف يقلل من استهلاك الطاقة الكهربائية لاغ ا رض التكييف وان التوفير في 20.2 (% بوجود الفجوة الهوائية المغلقة خلف الصفيحة. وكذلك باستخدام العزل – 4.. الطاقة سيكون بمقدار ) 46 (% بينما نلاحظ ازدياد التوفير عند طلاء بالاصباغ الح ا ررية ان التوفير – ..4 الح ا رري يكون التوفير بمقدار ) 68.2 50.7 ( %عند استخدام – – 6 (% عند وجود الفجوة الهوائية المغلقة ويصبح التوفير بمقدار ) 62 ... يرتفع الى) 25 العازل الح ا رري خلفها.
Phương pháp dự đoán tải trọng ổn định đàn hồi của dầm thép H bản bụng khoét lỗ tròn dựa trên máy vec-tơ hỗ trợ
Authors: Nguyễn Thùy Anh , Lý Hải Bằng
Published: August 2020

Dầm thép chữ H có bản bụng khoét lỗ tròn di động là một lựa chọn hợp lý cho các công trình xây dựng nhờ những ưu điểm vượt trội như khả năng vượt nhịp lớn, trọng lượng nhẹ và cho phép bố trí linh hoạt hệ thống đường ống kỹ thuật xuyên qua dầm. Bên cạnh đó, đã có nhiều nghiên cứu về hiện tượng mất ổn định tổng thể và cục bộ của loại dầm này, góp phần hoàn thiện thêm cho các hướng dẫn về thiết kế. Bài báo này nhằm mục đích đề xuất một mô hình dựa trên máy vectơ hỗ trợ (SVM) để dự đoán tải trọng ổn định đàn hồi của dầm thép H khoét lỗ tròn có sơ đồ tính là dầm giản đơn. Bộ dữ liệu sử dụng cho mô hình gồm 3645 số liệu dựa trên mô phỏng phần tử hữu hạn (FE) được thực hiện trong ABAQUS. Các biến độc lập được sử dụng làm đầu vào cho mô hình SVM: chiều dài dầm, chiều rộng bản cánh, chiều dày bản cánh, chiều dày bản bụng, khoảng cách tính giữa hai lỗ khoét, đường kính lỗ, chiều cao dầm và khoảng cách từ đầu dầm đến mép lỗ đầu tiên. Mô hình đề xuất cho thấy máy vectơ hỗ trợ có thể giúp việc dự đoán tải trọng ổn định đàn hồi một cách đơn giản và nhanh chóng hơn, đồng thời cũng hứa hẹn một phương pháp hiệu quả để dự đoán các loại phá hoại khác của dầm cũng như các loại dầm có các lỗ khoét khác nhau.
Brand bullying en escuelas preparatorias de Colima, México
Authors: Gomez Nashiki Antonio
Published: August 2020

El artículo analiza el concepto de brand bullying en seis escuelas preparatorias, públicas y privadas de distintos municipios de Colima, México y las interacciones que se generan cotidianamente entre los estudiantes: conflictos, burlas, disputas, robos y estigmatización. A partir de una metodología de corte etnográfico, se llevaron a cabo observaciones en los planteles, así como entrevistas con jóvenes de distintos semestres. Entre los principales hallazgos están: una alta valoración por teléfonos celulares y computadoras portátiles de prestigiadas marcas; un “consumismo” entre los estudiantes,  promovido en buena medida por los padres; los dueños de este tipo de bienes los utilizan como referentes para discriminar y ejercer sobre sus compañeros -ya sea porque carecen de ellos o no son nuevos-, distintos tipos de violencia verbal y psicológica que afecta la convivencia cotidiana.
Teoría Jurídico - Económica del Daño Moral para la Indemnización de la Responsabilidad Estatal
Authors: Manotas-López Valentina , Mejía-Mercado Elfa Luz
Published: August 2020

La imprecisión de las altas cortes en Colombia al momento de la cuantificación del daño moral debido a la falta de unificación de estos a la hora de ser indemnizados por su complejo criterio de valoración, genera en muchos casos un doble pago de ellos en materia de responsabilidad estatal y evidencia un derroche de dinero que contribuye al aumento del déficit monetario que el Estado colombiano posee debido a la exorbitante deuda pública. Contrariando así teorías monetarias como las de la escuela francesa post keynesiana la cual estima los gastos presupuestales del Estado estabilizadores automáticos capaces de oponerse al riesgo sistemático. A partir de ello podría afirmarse que el Estado contribuye, mediante la no unificación de los daños morales o la incorrecta globalización de ellos, a la responsabilidad aquiliana creando un riesgo sistemático económico, lo que crea la necesidad de una teoría jurídico-económica que propenda por una relación costo-beneficio mediante la correcta globalización de los daños morales. ¿Cómo evitar el desequilibrio económico a la hora de indemnizar daños morales en materia de responsabilidad estatal propendiendo por una relación costobeneficio mediante una correcta unificación de estos daños?
Una Mirada Reflexiva sobre el Trasplante de Útero como un Novedoso Desafío del Derecho en la Legislación Colombiana
Authors: Paternina-Petro Ángel David
Published: August 2020

El presente proyecto de investigación en cursotiene como objetivo analizar los fundamentoslegales, jurisprudenciales o de principios jurídicos,que permitan el trasplante de útero en elordenamiento jurídico colombiano, por ser unnovedoso desafío para el derecho en nuestro país.Se analizaron los casos más significativos a nivelinternacional de este tipo de prácticas médicoquirúrgicas (tres casos), lo que nos permitióobservar los tipos de trasplante de útero, así comosu posible uso, la viabilidad médica y jurídica y laaplicación e impacto en Colombia. En relación conlo investigado, se demuestra la viabilidad de estapráctica médica en nuestro país, con unas reglasespeciales para cada caso, dependiendo el tipo dedonante ya sea donante vivo o donante fallecido.
Establecimiento Penitenciario de Mediana Seguridad de Cartagena: una Nueva Oportunidad para la Salud
Authors: Hernández-Hernández Adriana Lucía , Ortega-De Arco María Isabel , Ortega-Pérez Daniela , Puello-Benítez María Camila
Published: August 2020

Desde hace varios años, la grave situación de saluddentro de las cárceles ha sido denominada comouna problemática social, debido a que, contradicedirectamente los fines del estado, de bienestar einterés general, ocasionando fuertes críticas yreproches acerca de la función de la administraciónde velar por la vida digna de sus habitantes y esono excluye a los que se encuentran en los centrospenitenciarios. En consecuencia, esto, con susdiversas motivaciones, hizo de la defensa de losderechos humanos un tema político central enColombia, para dar orden a estas problemáticas, elestado se manifestó creando legislación deprotección e instituciones de defensa de losderechos humanos. La carta magna vigente, desdesus inicios proclama que Colombia es un estadosocial de derechos y brinda mecanismos paraproteger los mismos, aunque estos se encuentrenprivados de la libertad no pierden su condición depersona y merecen los mismos derechos que losdemás. Por ello, derechos como la vida, la salud yel acceso a la salud deben ser garantizados por elestado, que se presten eficazmente y no vulnerenla vida digna que cada quien debe tener. En razóna lo anterior, éste trabajo busca mostrar cómo las falencias del estado transgreden los derechos delos ciudadanos más frágiles: los reclusos.
Estudio de Percepción acerca de la Deep Web en Estudiantes de Administración de Empresas en Cartagena de Indias – Colombia
Authors: Monterroza-Castro Iván Javier , Ospino-Pinedo Mónica Esther , Espinel Blanca Inés
Published: August 2020

El presente trabajo de investigación fue desarrollado en dos instituciones de educación superior de la ciudad de Cartagena. El objetivo principal fue realizar estudio de percepción acerca de la Deep Web en estudiantes de administración en Cartagena - Colombia, mediante estudio de campo y un recorrido teórico que fundamentan la investigación que permitiera proponer estrategias de buenas prácticas en el uso de la internet. Para el desarrollo de este proyecto se utilizó investigación de tipo exploratorio con muestra probabilística a 624 estudiantes objeto de investigación. Se logró determinar el grado de conocimiento que tienen los estudiantes acerca de la Deep web. Dentro de los hallazgos se pudo evidenciar la enorme cantidad de comunidades entusiastas y académicos desarrollando nuevas aplicaciones, tecnologías y hasta filosofías para sustentar estas nuevas formas de interconectar el mundo, de manera que se pueda cambiar drásticamente la percepción de las personas involucradas en este prototipo de iniciativas loables a la que se le debe dar apoyo. Además, se concluye la necesidad de continuar investigando con una mirada más profunda a la Deep Web para crear una visión más acertada de los alcances de las acciones desarrolladas sobre el uso responsable y consiente de las redes estudiadas alrededor de su uso.
Comparative sonographic evaluation of placental thickness in pregnancy-induced hypertension and normotensive pregnant women in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
Authors: Efanga Samuel Archibong , Akintomide Akintunde Olusijibomi
Published: August 2020

Objectives:

The human placenta is the nourishing reservoir for the sustenance of the fetus and synthesizes a growth-stimulating hormone to enhance proper growth and maturation. The size or thickness of the placenta enlarges as the pregnancy progresses in age to attain a favorable state which can cope with the increasing fetal demands. Placental thickness (PT) is a reflector of fetal well-being, and it is related to fetal weight making it necessary to assess the influence of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), a common pathology in pregnancy, on the placental size or thickness. The main objective of this research is to compare and evaluate the PT and fetal weight in PIH and normotensive pregnant women.

Material and Methods:

The study was a prospective cross-sectional case-controlled study done in the Radiology Department of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital. During a 12 months study period, 200 singleton pregnant women (consisting of 100 pregnancy-induced hypertensives and 100 normotensive pregnant women) of between 20 and 40 weeks of gestation were enrolled in this study. The two groups were gestational age-matched. The PT was measured trans-abdominally using an ultrasound scan. Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to establish the degree of relationship between PT and other fetal anthropometric and maternal parameters.

Results:

PT was significantly lower in pregnancy-induced hypertensives than in the controls (28.95 ± 5.71 mm vs. 32.31 ± 5.47 mm, P = 0.000). There was a significant negative correlation between the PT and the degree of proteinuria (P = 0.011). Conversely, a significant positive correlation existed between PT and estimated gestational age (P = 0.000) and also estimated fetal weight (EFW) (P = 0.000), in both groups. This same relationship was observed between the body mass index and PT (P = 0.007) as well as the EFW (P = 0.002) in the control group. The mean EFW in pregnancy-induced hypertensives (2.23 ± 1.07 kg) was higher than in the controls (2.13 ± 1.03 kg), but the difference was not significant (P = 0.505).

Conclusion:

There was a reduction in the PT in PIH, which may be due to the appearance of proteinuria when the blood pressure was elevated. However, we did not observe the expected reduction in the EFW due to a reduction in PT, which usually results from proteinuria.
Clinical research during coronavirus disease pandemic: Challenges and way forward
Authors: Panda Pankaj Kumar , Stockler Martin R , Gulia Ashish
Published: August 2020

With the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) being declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization, the Indian health-care sector is at the forefront to deliver optimal care but with constrained resources and several challenges. The pandemic has also brought about a state of urgency to develop suitable management principles for COVID-19 with the help of suitably designed clinical trials. However, the pandemic along with the lockdown and other restrictions has affected the conduct of clinical trials in terms of restrictions on travelling, trial site staff availability, investigational product availability, and medical oversight among others. This article provides structured recommendations for sponsors, investigators, clinical trial personnel to adapt to the situation by identifying potential risks and challenges and mitigating them to conduct clinical trials well within the ambit of local regulatory guidelines and requirements during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Ensuring safety and availability of healthcare workers in the era of COVID-19: An experience from the Eastern State of India
Authors: Agarwal Neeraj , Biswas Bijit , Nair Rathish
Published: August 2020

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to design a contact tracing algorithm and contact investigation form for healthcare workers deployed in rendering essential health-care services in limitedly resourced healthcare settings during the COVID era.

Material and Methods:

It was an observational study, longitudinal in design. Based on the existing evidence as of April 15, 2020, we have designed a contact tracing algorithm and contact investigation form to determine the risk of infection among healthcare workers. Later, we have tested the developed contact tracing algorithm and contact investigation from among 28 suspected contacts of a confirmed COVID-19 case admitted in all India Institute of Medical Sciences Patna, Bihar, India.

Results:

Using the designed contact investigation form, all the 28 suspected contacts of the confirmed COVID-19 case were interviewed, among which only 7(25%) were found to be having high-risk exposure. All persons with high-risk exposure were home quarantined for 5 days, along with their direct contacts. Eventually, all high-risk contacts were tested negative on the 5th day after exposure and immediately joined their duties after that. Those who were at low risk of infection continued to work and self-monitor for COVID compatible symptoms for 14 days. Eventually, none of the low-risk exposure persons developed COVID compatible symptoms, therefore deferred testing.

Conclusion:

The contact tracing approach designed in the current study is a balanced one where we tried to balance health workers safety without compromising their availability for duty. This approach can also be implemented in other healthcare settings in the era of COVID-19.
Comparación del tratamiento quirúrgico y endovascular de aneurismas del segmento comunicante posterior
Authors: Flores-Sanchez Jose Daniel , Saal Giancarlo , Zumaeta Jorge , Palacios Fernando , Rodriguez Rodolfo , Molina Celia
Published: August 2020

Antecedentes:

Los aneurismas del segmento comunicante posterior representan aproximadamente 25% de todos los aneurismas intracraneales, y el 50% de los aneurismas de la arteria carótida interna. El objetivo fue evaluar la eficacia del tratamiento quirúrgico y endovascular en el manejo de aneurismas de esta localización.

Métodos:

Estudio comparativo retrospectivo. Se revisó las historias clínicas de pacientes con aneurisma del segmento comunicante posterior que ingresaron al departamento de Neurocirugía del Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara durante el periodo 2010–2017. Se comparó estancia hospitalaria, complicaciones, mortalidad y estado funcional a los 12 meses, en relación al tratamiento recibido, microquirúrgico o endovascular.

Resultados:

Se evaluaron 256 pacientes, 111 (43.36%) recibieron tratamiento quirúrgico, y 145 (56.64%) endovascular. En el caso de aneurismas rotos, el estado de independencia funcional fue alcanzado por 68 (66.7%) y 69 (70.4%) pacientes que recibieron tratamiento quirúrgico y endovascular, respectivamente (OR: 0.84, IC 95%: 0.46–1.53; P = 0.505). Se presentaron complicaciones neurológicas en 37 (36,3%) y 34 (34.7%) pacientes sometidos a tratamiento microquirúrgico y endovascular, respectivamente (OR: 1.07, IC 95%: 0.60–1.91; P = 0.912). La estancia hospitalaria promedio fue 19.55 ± 13.85 y 14.06 ± 14.97 días, para pacientes con tratamiento quirúrgico y endovascular, respectivamente (P < 0.008). La mortalidad fue 11.8% y 11.2%, con ligera predominancia en el grupo tratado quirúrgicamente (OR: 1.05, IC 95%: 0.44–2.52; P = 0.904).

Conclusión:

No existe diferencia significativa respecto al resultado funcional a los 12 meses, complicaciones y mortalidad entre ambos tipos de tratamiento en el caso de aneurismas rotos. Los pacientes sometidos a terapia endovascular tuvieron de forma significativa menor estancia hospitalaria.
Structure-Based Drug Design of an Inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Main Protease Using Free Software: A Tutorial for Students and Scientists
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Krumberger Maj , Morris Michael A. , Parrocha Chelsea Marie T. , Griffin James H. , Kreutzer Adam , Nowick James S.
Published: August 2020

This paper describes the structure-based design of a preliminary drug candidate against COVID-19 using free software and publicly available X-ray crystallographic structures. The goal of this tutorial is to disseminate skills in structure-based drug design and to allow others to unleash their own creativity to design new drugs to fight the current pandemic. The tutorial begins with the X-ray crystallographic structure of the main protease (Mpro) of the SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) bound to a peptide substrate and then uses the UCSF Chimera software to modify the substrate to create a cyclic peptide inhibitor within the Mpro active site. Finally, the tutorial uses the molecular docking software AutoDock Vina to show the interaction of the cyclic peptide inhibitor with both SARS-CoV Mpro and the highly homologous SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. The supporting information (supplementary material) provides an illustrated step-by-step protocol, as well as a video showing the inhibitor design process, to help readers design their own drug candidates for COVID-19 and the coronaviruses that will cause future pandemics. An accompanying preprint in bioRxiv [https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.03.234872] describes the synthesis of the cyclic peptide and the experimental validation as an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro.
Graph Networks for Molecular Design
Authors: Mercado Rocío , Rastemo Tobias , Lindelöf Edvard , Klambauer Günter , Engkvist Ola , Chen Hongming , Bjerrum Esben Jannik
Published: August 2020

Deep learning methods applied to chemistry can be used to accelerate the discovery of new molecules. This work introduces GraphINVENT, a platform developed for graph-based molecular design using graph neural networks (GNNs). GraphINVENT uses a tiered deep neural network architecture to probabilistically generate new molecules a single bond at a time. All models implemented in GraphINVENT can quickly learn to build molecules resembling the training set molecules without any explicit programming of chemical rules. The models have been benchmarked using the MOSES distribution-based metrics, showing how GraphINVENT models compare well with state-of-the-art generative models. This work is one of the first thorough graph-based molecular design studies, and illustrates how GNN-based models are promising tools for molecular discovery.
Predicting Aqueous Stability of Solid with Computed Pourbaix Diagram using SCAN Functional
Authors: Wang Zhenbin , Guo Xingyu , Montoya Joseph H. , Nørskov Jens Kehlet
Published: August 2020

In this work, using the SCAN functional, we develop a simple method on top of the Materials Project (MP) Pourbaix diagram framework to accurately predict the aqueous stability of solids. We extensively evaluate the SCAN functional’s performance in computed formation enthalpies for a broad range of oxides and develop Hubbard U corrections for transition metal oxides where the standard SCAN functional exhibits large deviations. The performance of the calculated Pourbaix diagram using the SCAN functional is validated with comparison to the experimental and the MP PBE Pourbaix diagrams for representative examples. Benchmarks indicate the SCAN Pourbaix diagram systematically outperforms the MP PBE in aqueous stability prediction. We further show applications of this method in accurately predicting the dissolution potentials of the state-of-the-art catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction in acidic media.
Unusual Spectroscopic and Electric Field Sensitivity of a Chromophore with Short Hydrogen Bond: GFP and PYP as Model Systems
Authors: Lin Chi-Yun , Boxer Steven
Published: August 2020

Short hydrogen bonds, with heavy-atom distances less than 2.7 Å, are believed to exhibit proton delocalization and their possible role in catalysis has been widely debated. While spectroscopic and/or structural methods are usually employed to study the degree of proton delocalization, ambiguities still arise and no direct information on the corresponding potential energy surface is obtained. Here we apply an external electric field to perturb the short hydrogen bond(s) within a collection of green fluorescent protein S65T/H148D variants and photoactive yellow protein mutants, where the chromophore participates in the short hydrogen bond(s) and serves as an optical probe of the proton position. As the proton is charged, its position may shift in response to the external electric field, and the chromophore’s electronic absorption can thus reflect the ease of proton transfer. The results suggest that low-barrier hydrogen bonds are not present within these proteins even when proton affinities between donor and acceptor are closely matched. Exploiting the chromophores as pre-calibrated electrostatic probes, the covalency of short hydrogen bonds as a non-electrostatic component was also revealed. No clear evidence was found for a possible contribution of unusually large polarizabilities of short hydrogen bonds due to proton delocalization; a theoretical framework for this interesting phenomenon is developed.
Proactive role of citric acid and tyrosine in nicotine addiction and controlling withdrawal symptoms in Wistar rats
Authors: Bhanu Prakash G  , Ethirajan Sukumar  , Senthilkumar Sivanesan  , Vijayaraghavan R  , Praveenkumar P
Published: August 2020

Nicotine deaddiction is not an easy job because regular exposure to nicotine leads to the development of neuroadaptation, neuroadaptation increases the number of binding sites on the nicotinic cholinergic receptors in the brain, this may be due to nicotine-mediated desensitization of receptors. Therefore the present study evaluate the commonly available substances like CA (Citric acid) and TY (Tyrosine) that can bring down the nicotine levels and maintain the dopamine levels without altering the nicotine intake. Thirty six animals were divided into 6 groups (n=6). Group-1 rats served as control and received only food and water while group (2) animals received only nicotine (600 μg/kg bw) by subcutaneous route for 21 consecutive days. Group (3-4) received both nicotine with CA 100 mg/kg bw oral and nicotine with CA 200mg/kg bw oral respectively for 21 days. Similarly group (5-6) received both nicotine with TY 100 mg/kg bw oral and nicotine with TY 200mg/kg bw oral respectively for 21 days. From 22nd day, animals in groups 3 to 6 alone received respectively CA (100 and 200 mg/kg bw; oral) and TY (100 and 200 mg/kg bw; oral) for another 5 days. On day 26, the animals in all groups were sacrificed and the blood was collected. From the serum, the levels of nicotine and dopamine were estimated. It was observed that the nicotine level was significantly less in CA 100 mg and TY 200 mg doses. There was a significant increase in dopamine level in the nicotine treated group-2 when compared to normal control group-1. The same showed a slight decrease in CA and TY treated groups as compared to nicotine-treated group-2. Hence it is concluded that CA and TY have the ability to reduce the effect of nicotine levels and maintain the dopamine levels that can sustain the level of nicotine. This possibly can control the withdrawal symptoms of nicotine addiction and curtail craving for nicotine in the long run and most probably might lead to the cessation of smoking or tobacco consumption.
To know more of what it is and what it is not: Pacific research on the move
Authors: Sanga Kabini , Reynolds Martyn
Published: August 2020

No description supplied
Fānanaua
Authors: Sanga Kabini
Published: August 2020

A key reason for many leadership development programmes in Pacific Islands countries is to teach ethics to Pacific Islands leaders. However, as interventions, these programmes are exclusively reliant on Western ideas about ethics and ethics education. To counter such impositions, this paper discusses the nature of indigenous clan ethics and how ethics education is undertaken in an indigenous Solomon Islands clan. Based on an insider-research project of the Gula'alā people of the Solomon Islands, the paper reports on the differences of indigenous ethics education to how ethics is taught, as reported in the global literature and seen in leadership development programmes in Pacific Islands countries.
Re-framing Pacific regional service delivery: opportunity spaces for together and apart
Authors: Sanga Kabini
Published: August 2020

Regionalism is a common development strategy in the Pacific region. Through it, numerous services are delivered to countries, communities and organisations. While some see regionalism as an effective and efficient strategy for the Pacific region, others point to its dismal performance. Using the experience of the Rethinking Pacific Education Initiative for and by Pacific Peoples (RPEIPP) as a regional strategy, this paper explores regional service delivery and offers a plausible way of re- framing service and delivery for conceptualizing Pacific regional strategies. © 2011 Shannon Research Press.
"Foreword"
Authors: Sanga Kabini
Published: August 2020

No description supplied
Niu generation leadership: a ray of hope for the future Pacific?
Authors: Sanga Kabini , Sanga E
Published: August 2020

No description supplied
Knowledge guardianship, custodianship and ethics: a Melanesian perspective
Authors: Sanga Kabini , Reynolds Martyn
Published: August 2020

© The Author(s) 2020. Across the world, knowledge communities categorise and attach conditions of guardianship to different kinds of knowledge. For private or secret knowledge, those responsible for its care have obligations for arranging and restricting transmission to ensure community survival. While an insider/outsider positionality is often used to navigate this knowledge area, a binary approach is unhelpful. Taking a more relational reading of positionality, we support a dynamic understanding of the transmission of restricted knowledge, using relevant principles of guardianship or custodianship. Based on a Melanesian Solomon Islands tribe, the study sketches a set of principles and shows how they operate in practice. Our intents are to honour the contribution that Melanesian thought makes to rethinking research dichotomies regarding secret knowledge, that readers appreciate the dynamic nature of knowledge guardianship, and that this case study enhances the discussion on ethical entitlement to, or restriction of, Indigenous knowledge in the Pacific region and beyond.