bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Short‐term response of an abyssal macrofaunal community to a simulated phytodetrital pulse in the Cabo Verde Abyssal Basin, Northeast Tropical Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Gaurisas Daniela Y. , de Jonge Daniëlle S. W. , Alves Fernanda M. M. , Smith Alycia J. , Sweetman Andrew K. , Bernardino Angelo F.
Published: January 2025

Abyssal ecosystems comprise more than 50% of the Earth's area and constitute an important reservoir in the global carbon cycle. With ocean productivity expected to decrease due to global warming, these ecosystems could face significant impacts in the coming decades. Benthic macrofauna are a key component of the seafloor carbon and nitrogen cycles, but limited in situ measurements result in high global uncertainty on the rates of metazoan C assimilation at abyssal depths. We sampled the macrofaunal community at the Cabo Verde Abyssal Basin (CVAB), finding a higher abundance of macrofaunal organisms (polychaetes and crustaceans) compared to other abyssal basins of the Atlantic Ocean. We assessed their short‐term response to a simulated phytodetrital pulse during a two‐day tracer in situ experiment at 4200 m depth. 13C and 15N‐labeled diatoms were used as a food source, and the uptake of these elements by the macrofaunal community was quantified. Results showed that surface deposit feeding polychaetes contributed the most to the biomass (75%) and C and N uptake (70% and 83%), revealing their importance to organic matter cycling in the abyss. Enrichment was modest in most macrofauna; however, the uptake of labeled diatoms by some organisms was detected after 48 h. Our findings suggest that CVAB might receive more pelagic input than other abyssal basins underlying oligotrophic regimes. This study establishes a baseline for both macrofauna characterization and benthic ecosystem functioning in abyssal sediments around Cabo Verde and underscores the crucial role of macrofaunal‐sized benthic organisms in C uptake and assimilation within the tropical abyssal Atlantic.
Characterization of Thin Polymer Layer Prepared from Liposomes and Polyelectrolytes for TGF‐β3 Release in Tissue Engineering
Authors: Meier Nils , Berten‐Schunk Leonie , Roger Yvonne , Hänsch Robert , Hoffmann Andrea , Bunjes Heike , Dempwolf Wibke , Menzel Henning
Published: January 2025

Implant‐integrated drug delivery systems that enable the release of biologically active factors can be part of an in situ tissue engineering approach to restore biological function. Implants can be functionalized with drug‐loaded nanoparticles through a layer‐by‐layer assembly. Such coatings can release biologically active levels of growth factors. Sustained release is desired for many in vivo applications. The layer‐by‐layer technique also allows for the addition of extra layers, which can serve as “barriers” to delay the release. Electrospun Polycaprolactone (PCL) fiber mats are modified with a Chitosan (CS) grafted with PCL sidechains (CS‐g‐PCL24) and coated with transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGF‐β3) loaded Chitosan/tripolyphosphate nanoparticles as a drug delivery system. Additional layers including polystyrene sulfonate, alginate, carboxymethyl cellulose, and liposomes (phosphatidylcholine) are applied. Streaming potential and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements indicated a strong interpenetration of the chitosan and polyanion layers, while liposomes formed separate layers, which are more promising for sustained release. All samples release TGF‐β3 at different cumulative levels without altering release kinetics. Variations in layer structure, interpenetration, and stability depending on the chitosan used are observed, which ultimately has minimal impact on the release kinetics. Polyelectrolyte layers strongly interpenetrated the active layers and therefore do not act as effective diffusion barriers, while the liposome layer, though separated, lacked sufficient stability.
Human Vs Machine: How Does Production Mode Influence Consumers' Perception of Price Unfairness?
Authors: Song Xiaobing , He Xianan , Huo Da
Published: January 2025

Companies are under greater pressure than ever to charge higher prices to consumers, which could induce an increased perception of price unfairness. However, the role of production mode (handmade vs. machine‐made) in the formation of this negative perception remains unclear. In this research, we examine the relationship between production mode and consumers' perceptions of price unfairness when price increases. We analyze this relationship by testing the serial mediating roles of perceived cost controllability and profit inference and the moderating roles of communication of pricing justification and perceived corporate social responsibility (CSR). We observe that consumers perceive price increases of machine‐made products to be more unfair than those of handmade products because of the former's greater perceived cost controllability and greater profit inference. Furthermore, the effect of production mode on the perception of price unfairness is attenuated when firms actively reveal their reasons for price increases and disclose firms' socially responsible behavior.
Localized Deformation Analysis of a 3D Micropolar Modified Cam‐Clay Model
Authors: Hofer Paul , Neuner Matthias , Hofstetter Günter
Published: January 2025

In classical continuum constitutive models, the loss of ellipticity of the governing rate equilibrium equations entails localizing deformations and mesh sensitivity in finite element simulations. Extensions of such models, rooted in the micromorphic continuum, aim at remedying mesh sensitivity by introducing length scales into the constitutive formulation. The micropolar continuum constitutes a special case of the micromorphic continuum and is commonly employed for remedying mesh sensitivity accompanying shear band failure. However, localizing deformations in the micropolar continuum remains largely unexplored. This study aims to investigate the conditions for localizing deformations in the micropolar continuum and to highlight their implications for 2D and 3D finite element simulations. To this end, we propose a micropolar extension of the modified Cam‐clay model formulated in a three‐dimensional infinitesimal elastoplastic framework and establish its localization characteristics following a method recently presented for the classical Cauchy–Boltzmann continuum. Investigations at the constitutive level highlight the stabilizing effect of the micropolar extension, which is increased both by the presence of couple stresses as well as by increasing the Cosserat couple modulus. Simulations at the structural level exhibit good agreement with the results obtained at the constitutive level and indicate that the Cosserat couple modulus required for adequately regularizing the structural response depends on the level of modal dilatancy. Even though localized failure is commonly regarded to be restricted to opening modes, we find mesh‐sensitive structural behavior also in cases where the expected maximum modal dilatancy is far from unity.
Preparing to mass produce photonic devices
Authors: Jordan Scott , Vorndran Stefan
Published: January 2025

Over more than a half century, the pace of innovation in electronic communication and computing has consistently increased, giving rise to progressively smaller silicon microchips with enhanced processing power. This achievement is attributed to the exponential growth in the density of integrated circuit (IC) transistors, a development predicted by Intel co‐founder Gordon Moore in 1965 and commonly called Moore's Law. However, there are inherent limits to reducing the physical feature size of silicon structures before quantum effects start influencing their functionality.
Characterization and variability of PROMIS‐10 scores with physical therapy in knee osteoarthritis: A retrospective review
Authors: Malik George R. , Cheng Jennifer , Rothman Rachel , Leupold Olivia , Jawetz Shari , Prather Heidi
Published: January 2025

Background

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) and its impairments affect patients' physical and mental health. Radiographically severe knee OA is believed to respond less to conservative treatments including physical therapy (PT) but has not been compared specifically with Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)‐10.

Objective

To correlate baseline PROMIS‐10 physical and mental health scores in patients undergoing PT for knee OA, subgrouped by radiographic severity (Kellgren–Lawrence [KL] grade and number of knee compartments involved). Additionally, to describe the relationship between radiographic severity of knee OA and the change in PROMIS‐10 scores post‐PT.

Design

Retrospective review.

Setting

Outpatient musculoskeletal clinics at an orthopedic specialty hospital.

Patients (or Participants)

One hundred nine patients (age ≥ 18 years) who presented for evaluation of knee OA from April 1, 2019 to August 1, 2021, had baseline radiographs, underwent PT, and completed PROMIS‐10 at baseline and follow‐up.

Interventions

PT.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

PROMIS‐10 physical and mental health scores.

Results

Participants were 60% female; average age was 66.6 ± 10.0 years. Baseline PROMIS‐10 physical and mental health scores averaged 44.4 ± 7.2 and 52.8 ± 9.0. Post‐PT PROMIS‐10 physical and mental health scores averaged 44.7 ± 6.7 and 52.6 ± 8.7. Physical health scores improved in 39% of patients; mental health scores improved in 36% of patients (no statistical significance). There was no relationship between post‐PT PROMIS‐10 scores and radiographic severity of knee OA. Females exhibited osteoarthritic changes in all compartments in 72% of cases compared to 55% of males (p = .020). Females demonstrated a higher predisposition for lateral compartment involvement (83% vs. 64%; p = .021) and a higher proportion of severe OA, radiographically, with a KL grade 3–4 (92% vs. 80%; p = .051).

Conclusions

More than one third of patients with knee OA reported improved physical and mental health post‐PT. The degree of benefit did not relate to radiographic severity. Although OA is characterized by radiographic measurements, there are variables beyond the radiographic imaging that may affect patient outcomes.
Expression of NKp46 and other activating inhibitory receptors on uterine endometrial NK cells in females with various reproductive failures: A review
Authors: Mai Chuxian , Fukui Atsushi , Saeki Shinichiro , Takeyama Ryu , Yamaya Ayano , Shibahara Hiroaki
Published: January 2025

Background

Uterine endometrial natural killer (uNK) cells represent major leukocytes in the mid‐secretory phase of the cell cycle, and their number is further increased during early pregnancy. The activating and inhibitory receptors expressed on their surface mediate various functions of uNK cells, such as cytotoxicity, cytokine production, spiral artery remodeling, and self‐recognition.

Methods

This study reviewed the most recent information (PubMed database, 175 articles included) regarding the activating and inhibitory receptors on uNK cells in human females with healthy pregnancies and the evidence indicating their significance in various reproductive failures.

Main Findings

Numerous studies have indicated that the natural cytotoxic receptors, killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptors, and C‐type lectin receptors, particularly those expressed on uNK cells, play crucial roles in successful pregnancy.

Conclusion

As studies on human uNK cells are limited owing to the low availability of fertile samples, and the extrapolation of animal models has certain limitations, the in vivo role of uNK cells has not yet been fully elucidated. However, immunotherapies focusing on modulating uNK cell function have been controversial in terms of pregnancy outcomes. Further research is required to elucidate the role of uNK cells in reproduction.
Privacy‐Preserving Average Consensus via Pulse‐Coupled Oscillators
Authors: Wang Zhenqian , Miao Jinxin , Li Hongchao
Published: January 2025

Average consensus is a cornerstone of distributed systems, facilitating essential functionalities such as distributed information fusion, decision‐making, and decentralized control. Achieving average consensus typically relies on explicit exchanges of state and identity information among neighboring nodes. This reliance poses a risk of exposing sensitive information, leading to unpredictable data leakage. Therefore, it is imperative to implement privacy‐preserving mechanisms within average consensus protocols. However, existing privacy‐preserving approaches primarily focus on protecting the initial states of all nodes, compromising the identity information of the nodes. This vulnerability can be particularly problematic in scenarios where preserving identity information is paramount. In this paper, we propose a novel pulse‐coupled oscillator‐based privacy‐preserving average consensus algorithm. Unlike traditional methods that exchange explicit state information through data packet transmission, our approach utilizes simple, identical, and content‐free pulses. This method not only enhances the preservation of identity information but is also well‐suited for hostile communication environments, such as during jamming attacks that disrupt data packet transmission. Furthermore, our algorithm does not necessitate synchronized clocks among all nodes, enhancing its suitability for practical applications. Numerical simulations are presented to validate the effectiveness of our theoretical results.
Data‐Driven Adaptive Cooperative Output Regulation for Completely Unknown Linear Multi‐Agent Systems Based on Finite Length Data
Authors: Chen Hong , Liang Dong , Wang Chaoli , Tian Engang
Published: January 2025

With respect to complex control systems, traditional model‐dependent methods are increasingly challenged, particularly when system models are unknown or intractable. Moreover, most past research has focused on systems that are partially or fully known. In this technical paper, a data‐driven paradigm is employed to investigate the cooperative output regulation problem (CORP) for completely unknown linear heterogeneous discrete multi‐agent systems (MASs). Input and state information are utilized to design effective control strategies and a novel data‐based algorithm is proposed with finite length data. An adaptive observer is designed to estimate the exosystem state, with only the leader's children having access to the unknown leader's system matrix. To address the challenge of unknown dynamics, the CORP is transformed into a linear quadratic regulation (LQR) problem by solving the regulation equation. Compared with the reinforcement learning method, the closed‐form optimal control gain is obtained directly from the relevant data without the need for an initial stabilization controller or iterative calculation. Simulation results validate the proposed scheme's effectiveness.
Empirical modeling of torsional strength in reinforced concrete beams using iterated local search with semantic cluster operator
Authors: Jeong Hoseong , Ju Hyunjin , Kim Kang Su
Published: January 2025

This study conducted a data‐based analysis on the impact of a feature and empirical modeling to increase the accuracy of analytical models related to torsional strength. The torsional strength data of 324 plain and reinforced concrete beams were collected from previous studies, which included data from specimens with various cross‐sectional sizes, material strengths, reinforcement ratios, and cover thicknesses. The data was clustered to analyze the effect of each feature, and the importance of each feature was derived using the Shapley additive explanations technique. An iterated local search using a semantic cluster operator was used to derive simple and highly accurate empirical models to predict the torsional strength. The proposed models predicted the ultimate strength by multiplying the contribution of concrete and transverse reinforcement, contrary to the current codes, and showed better accuracy than the existing models.
Coronary artery calcification progression and renal involvement in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Zinglersen Lise , Zinglersen Amanda Hempel , Myhr Katrine Aagaard , Hermansen Marie-Louise , Kofoed Klaus Fuglsang , Fuchs Andreas , Diederichsen Louise P. , Jacobsen Søren
Published: January 2025

To investigate if progression of coronary artery calcification (CAC) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with renal and traditional cardiovascular risk factors as well as incidence of myocardial infarctions. CAC progression was evaluated by cardiac computed tomography (CT) at baseline and after 5 years. Multivariable Poisson regression was applied to investigate associations between CAC progression and baseline values for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, CAC, SLE disease duration, lupus nephritis, and renal function. Regarding renal function, three groups were defined based on eGFR. Further, we analysed association between CAC progression and myocardial infarction during follow-up. Of the 147 SLE patients, 99 had cardiac CT at baseline and 5-year follow-up, with a total of 502 patient-years. At baseline, their median age was 47 years, median SLE disease duration was 14 years, 88% were women, 58% had lupus nephritis, and the median eGFR was 99 mL/min/1.73m2. 38/99 (39%) had CAC progression. CAC progression was associated with smoking (ever) (relative risk [RR] 1.69, CI95% 1.19–2.40), SLE disease duration (RR per year 1.03, CI95% 1.01–1.04), and CAC presence (RR 2.52, CI95% 1.68–3.78) at baseline. During follow-up, myocardial infarction occurred in three (7.9%) CAC progressors and in two (3.3%) patients who did not have CAC at any time (RR 2.1, CI95% 0.0-5.5). In this study, progression of CAC was associated with smoking, SLE disease duration and the prior presence of CAC, but it was inconclusive as to associations with renal involvement and incidence of MI.
A retrospective analysis of medications associated with pityriasis rosea reported in the FDA adverse events reporting system
Authors: Mashoudy Kayla D. , Ye-Tay Joselyn , Nouri Keyvan
Published: January 2025

Pityriasis rosea (PR) is an acute exanthematous disease with an uncertain physiopathology, increasingly recognized as potentially drug induced. This study aims to investigate medication triggers associated with PR by analyzing cases reported in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. A retrospective review of 343 PR cases reported in the FAERS database from January 1, 1998, to March 31, 2024, was conducted. Reporting odds ratios (ROR) were calculated to assess associations between PR and specific drug classes, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Logistic regression analysis evaluated the influence of factors such as sex, age group, and seriousness of outcomes on the occurrence of PR. Females represented 56.3% of cases and the 18–64 age group comprised 55.4% of cases. TNF inhibitors were significantly associated with PR (ROR = 4.1881 [3.1970–5.4865], P < 0.0001), particularly infliximab (ROR = 6.5284 [3.9523–10.7837], P < 0.0001), etanercept (ROR = 3.4921 [2.2873–5.3315], P < 0.0001), and adalimumab (ROR = 3.086 [2.0213–4.7115], P < 0.0001). ACE inhibitors were also associated with PR (ROR = 9.9808 [6.0423–16.4864], P < 0.0001), with higher odds in older patients (OR 14.08 [4.2–47.2], P < 0.0001) and those reporting serious outcomes (OR 9.53 [1.24–72.99], P = 0.03). Based on the FAERS, there has been a consistent rise in PR cases, with TNF inhibitors and ACE inhibitors being associated medication classes tied to PR. Given the limited literature on drug-related triggers and patient demographics, we aimed to highlight the characteristics of PR cases that could enhance awareness and inform better clinical outcomes for affected patients.
Age and evolution of the lithospheric mantle beneath the Grib kimberlite (NW Russia)
Authors: Smit Karen V. , Agasheva Elena V. , Woodland Sarah , Pearson D. Graham
Published: January 2025

The Grib kimberlite in NW Russia erupted into a poorly defined cratonic region along the White Sea coast. This region is part of the East European (or Baltica) Super-Craton that is comprised of several cratonic nuclei, including the Kola, Karelian and Murmansk. The eastern extent of the Kola-Karelian-Murmansk cratonic regions is uncertain due to a lack of exposed basement crust. We analysed olivine from a suite of 17 peridotite xenoliths from the Grib kimberlite in NW Russia for their Re-Os isotopic compositions and platinum-group elements (PGE) contents. Os isotopic compositions range from unradiogenic (below the present-day 187Os/188Os of the primitive upper mantle, i.e., < 0.1296) to values more radiogenic than any estimate of the primitive upper mantle (PUM). We observed no correlation between the amount of melt depletion reflected by olivine Mg# [100 × molar Mg/(Mg + Fe)] and the most unradiogenic Os isotopic composition measured in the inclusions within olivine. Samples with unradiogenic 187Os/188Os have similar PGEN patterns (where the subscript N indicates normalisation to CI chondrite), that are typical for depleted cratonic peridotites, with depletion in PdN and ReN compared to the iridium-group (I)-PGEN (Os, Ir, Ru). Only one Grib peridotite xenolith has an Archaean TRD age of 3.27 ± 0.37 Ga. The majority of Grib peridotite xenoliths have Proterozoic TRD ages between 2.5 and 1.2 Ga. Three olivines have 187Os/188Os between 0.136 and 0.316, more radiogenic than present-day PUM. Geothermobarometry of Grib peridotite xenoliths show that the local lithospheric mantle is between 210 and 240 km thick, with diamond stability below 130 km. Overall, the majority of mantle lithosphere beneath this portion of the East European (or Baltica) Super-Craton has a minimum age between 2.5 and 1.2 Ga suggesting significant lithosphere modification during Proterozoic rifting and subduction/accretion events.
Enhanced bone cement for fixation of prosthetic joint utilizing nanoparticles
Authors: Gamal Safaa , Mikhail Mina , Salem Nancy , EL-Wakad Mohamed Tarek , Abdelbaset Reda
Published: January 2025

Bone cement is commonly utilized to secure prosthetic joints in the body because of its robust fixation, stability, biocompatibility, and immediate load-bearing capability. However, issues such as loosening, leakage, and insufficient bioactivity can lead to its failure. Therefore, improving its mechanical, physical, and biological properties is crucial for enhancing its efficiency. This study examines the impact of incorporating four different nanomaterials—Titanium Dioxide (TiO2), Magnesium Oxide (MgO), Calcium Phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2), and Alumina Oxide (Al2O3)—into bone cement on its mechanical, physical, and biological properties. TiO2 and Al2O3 nanoparticles are selected to enhance the compression strength of bone cement, thereby preventing loosening. Magnesium Oxide (MgO) and Ca3(PO4)2 nanoparticles are chosen to improve cell adhesion and reducing the risk of cement leakage. Five specimens were prepared: the first with 100% pure bone cement powder, the second with 98% pure bone cement powder and modified with 2% MgO and TiO2, and the remaining three with 95% pure bone cement powder and modified with 5% varying ratios of MgO, TiO2, Ca3(PO4)2, and Al2O3. Compression, tensile, hardness, and bending strengths were assessed to determine improvements in mechanical properties. Setting temperature, porosity, and degradation were measured to evaluate physical properties. Cell adhesion and toxicity tests were conducted to examine the surface structure and biological properties. The results demonstrated that the modified specimens increased compression strength by 8.14%, tensile strength by 3.4%, and bending strength by 4.96%. Porosity, degradation, and setting temperature in modified specimens increased by 3.24%, 0.64%, and 5.17% respectively pure bone cement values. Cell adhesion in modified bone cement specimens showed normal attachment when scanned with FE-SEM. All of the tested modified specimens showed no toxicity, except for specimens with 2% Al2O3 that showed 25% toxicity which could be averted by employing antibiotics.

Graphical Abstract
Factors Associated with the Timing of Initial Visit to Healthcare Providers for Injured Workers with Low Back Pain Claims: A Multijurisdiction Retrospective Cohort
Authors: Mekonnen Tesfaye Hambisa , Russell Grant , Sheehan Luke R. , Collie Alex , Di Donato Michael
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Evidence shows that patient outcomes following musculoskeletal injury have been associated with the timing of care. Despite the increasing number of injured workers presenting with low back pain (LBP) in primary care, little is known about the factors that are associated with the timing of initial healthcare provider visits. This study investigated factors that are associated with the timing of initial workers’ compensation (WC)-funded care provider visits for LBP claims.

Methods

We used a retrospective cohort design. A standardised multi-jurisdiction database of LBP claims with injury dates from July 2011 to June 2015 was analysed. Determinants of the time to initial general practitioner (GPs) and or musculoskeletal (MSK) therapists were investigated using an accelerated failure time model, with a time ratio (TR) > 1 indicating a longer time to initial healthcare provider visit.

Results

9088 LBP claims were included. The median time to first healthcare provider visit was 3 days (interquartile range (IQR) 1–9). Compared to General practitioners (GPs) (median 3 days, IQR 1–8), the timing of initial consultation was longer if the first healthcare providers were MSK therapists (median 5 days, IQR 2–14) (p < 0.001). Female workers had a shorter time to first healthcare provider visit [TR = 0.87; 95% CI (0.78, 0.97)] compared to males. It took twice as long to see MSK therapists first as it did to see GPs for injured workers [TR = 2.12; 95% CI (1.88, 2.40)]. Professional workers and those from remote areas also experienced delayed initial healthcare provider visits.

Conclusions

The time to initial healthcare provider visit for compensable LBP varied significantly by certain occupational and contextual factors. Further research is needed to investigate the impact of the timing of initial visits to healthcare providers on claim outcomes.
Offshore renewable energy SMEs’ innovation interactions across the triple helix: a management as practice perspective
Authors: Barrett Gillian , Crowley Frank
Published: January 2025

Offshore Renewable Energy (ORE) could be pivotal in combating climate change, offering reliable and sustainable energy with less intermittency than other renewables. However, unlocking its potential requires robust collaboration across many different actors. The purpose of this study is to explore the ‘human element’ of how SME leadership manage the technology transfer process and the underlying inter-organisational interactions across the triple helix. To achieve this, we adopt a management as practice perspective using Whittington’s (2016) framework, which delineates praxis, practices, and practitioners. The research study employed a multiple case study design, and the primary sample included eight European ORE SME case studies. The study finds SMEs operate within a heavily strained triple helix environment, requiring them to navigate complex bureaucratic dynamics with universities and government partners. This is further compounded by fragmented governance structures across the EU, making collaboration reliant on forging strategic alliances. We find that the ‘human element’ within SMEs embodying an innate blend of ability, experience, pragmatism, and adaptability is central to executing successful interactions. We discuss the policies needed for ORE SMEs to navigate the multifaceted challenges surrounding the human element of triple helix interactions.
Social Determinants, Mental Well-Being, and Disrupted Life Transitions Among Young Adults with Disabling Mental Health Conditions
Authors: Cook Judith A. , Jonikas Jessica A. , Burke-Miller Jane K. , Aranda Frances , Mullen Michelle G. , Davis Maryann , Sabella Kathryn
Published: January 2025

This study sought to understand how young adults (age 18–25) with histories of mental health disorders are coping with disrupted transitions to adulthood during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional web survey was conducted in March–June 2021 of 967 US young adults with pre-pandemic psychiatric disability to assess their current psychiatric status, interrupted transitions, and associations with social determinants including income, community participation, and social context. Mental health was assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version. Social determinants were identified with the Epidemic-Pandemic Impacts Inventory. Interrupted transitions were measured with the Young Adult Disrupted Transitions Assessment. Multivariable logistic regression models predicted four types of transition disruptions and associations with current mental health, social determinants, and demographic factors. Disruptions were reported by 81.1% including interrupted education completion (38.3%), employment careers (37.6%), residential independence (27.7%), and intimate partner relationships (22.9%). Many screened positive for major depressive disorder (81.7%), PTSD (85.5%), or GAD (58.6%). Disruption in establishing intimate partner relationships was associated with depression, anxiety, and PTSD. Interrupted residential independence was associated with anxiety. Interrupted education completion was associated with PTSD. Interrupted employment was associated with anxiety. Social determinants significant in these models included social connections, community participation, income, and racial/ethnic identification. Results illuminate ways that current mental health and social determinants affect transition interruptions during the pandemic. Findings suggest the need for interdisciplinary approaches, integrated models of care, and assistance accessing treatment, rehabilitation, and community support services from adult service systems.
Incidence and Prevalence of Post-COVID-19 Myalgic Encephalomyelitis: A Report from the Observational RECOVER-Adult Study
Authors: Vernon Suzanne D. , Zheng Tianyu , Do Hyungrok , Marconi Vincent C. , Jason Leonard A. , Singer Nora G. , Natelson Benjamin H. , Sherif Zaki A. , Bonilla Hector Fabio , Taylor Emily , Mullington Janet M. , Ashktorab Hassan , Laiyemo Adeyinka O. , Brim Hassan , Patterson Thomas F. , Akintonwa Teresa T. , Sekar Anisha , Peluso Michael J. , Maniar Nikita , Bateman Lucinda , Horwitz Leora I. , Hess Rachel ,   on behalf of the NIH Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER) Consortium
Published: January 2025

Background

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) may occur after infection. How often people develop ME/CFS after SARS-CoV-2 infection is unknown.

Objective

To determine the incidence and prevalence of post-COVID-19 ME/CFS among adults enrolled in the Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER-Adult) study.

Design, Setting, and Participants

RECOVER-Adult is a longitudinal observational cohort study conducted across the U.S. We included participants who had a study visit at least 6 months after infection and had no pre-existing ME/CFS, grouped as (1) acute infected, enrolled within 30 days of infection or enrolled as uninfected who became infected (n=4515); (2) post-acute infected, enrolled greater than 30 days after infection (n=7270); and (3) uninfected (1439).

Measurements

Incidence rate and prevalence of post-COVID-19 ME/CFS based on the 2015 Institute of Medicine ME/CFS clinical diagnostic criteria.

Results

The incidence rate of ME/CFS in participants followed from time of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 2.66 (95% CI 2.63–2.70) per 100 person-years while the rate in matched uninfected participants was 0.93 (95% CI 0.91–10.95) per 100 person-years: a hazard ratio of 4.93 (95% CI 3.62–6.71). The proportion of all RECOVER-Adult participants that met criteria for ME/CFS following SARS-CoV-2 infection was 4.5% (531 of 11,785) compared to 0.6% (9 of 1439) in uninfected participants. Post-exertional malaise was the most common ME/CFS symptom in infected participants (24.0%, 2830 of 11,785). Most participants with post-COVID-19 ME/CFS also met RECOVER criteria for long COVID (88.7%, 471 of 531).

Limitations

The ME/CFS clinical diagnostic criteria uses self-reported symptoms. Symptoms can wax and wane.

Conclusion

ME/CFS is a diagnosable sequela that develops at an increased rate following SARS-CoV-2 infection. RECOVER provides an unprecedented opportunity to study post-COVID-19 ME/CFS.
Robust semi-supervised learning in open environments
Authors: Guo Lan-Zhe , Jia Lin-Han , Shao Jie-Jing , Li Yu-Feng
Published: January 2025

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) aims to improve performance by exploiting unlabeled data when labels are scarce. Conventional SSL studies typically assume close environments where important factors (e.g., label, feature, distribution) between labeled and unlabeled data are consistent. However, more practical tasks involve open environments where important factors between labeled and unlabeled data are inconsistent. It has been reported that exploiting inconsistent unlabeled data causes severe performance degradation, even worse than the simple supervised learning baseline. Manually verifying the quality of unlabeled data is not desirable, therefore, it is important to study robust SSL with inconsistent unlabeled data in open environments. This paper briefly introduces some advances in this line of research, focusing on techniques concerning label, feature, and data distribution inconsistency in SSL, and presents the evaluation benchmarks. Open research problems are also discussed for reference purposes.
Curative-Intended Management of Synchronous Esophageal and Rectal Cancer—A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Wurschi Georg W. , Schneider Claus , Ernst Thomas , Helfritzsch Herry , Nowatschin Jens , Bitter Thomas , Freesmeyer Martin , Pietschmann Klaus , Römer Maximilian
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Synchronous esophageal (EC) and rectal carcinoma (RC) is a rare and challenging condition, particularly in curative-intended treatment. Especially locally advanced tumors may not be suitable for primary resection and require individual multimodal treatment. This review examines curative-intended management of synchronous EC and RC.

Material and Methods

A systematic literature search across five electronic databases according to the PRISMA guideline was conducted. Individual patient data was analyzed, including two additional cases from our institution.

Results

We identified 9 relevant cases from 1552 results. Additionally, two male patients (62 and 65 years old) from our institution were included. Both received 5-fluorouracil/cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for EC. Sequential short-course radiation (SCRT) for RC was performed in one patient. After complete response (CR) in both tumors, no consecutive surgery was performed. He underwent resection for local recurrence of RC 11 months later and is currently considered as disease-free (30 months follow-up). The second patient underwent primary resection of RC and had early progression following resection of EC. We found that most patients had advanced EC (8/11), with the majority receiving neoadjuvant (5/11) or definitive treatment (3/11). Locally advanced RC was diagnosed in 5/11 patients, primarily treated with sequential resection. Pyrimidine-based systemic treatment was common. Four relapses and two deaths were reported, but median follow-up was 11 (range 1.5–30) months only.

Conclusion

The review suggests that neoadjuvant multimodal approaches may offer curative potential for synchronous EC and RC, with individualized treatment protocols adapted from single-cancer protocols. Nevertheless, data on long-term outcome is limited.
Making Migrants Deportable: The Internalization of Restrictive Policies Through Transferred Responsibility and Borrowed Legitimacy
Authors: Borrelli Lisa Marie
Published: January 2025

This paper explores the connection between social policy and immigration law as one feature of migration governance to advance internal bordering and border internalization. It argues that responsibility for migration governance is being transferred: from immigration authorities and the broader field of immigration policy to social services and the broader field of social policy. This allows for the outsourcing of immigration control to “new” sectors of society. In a second step, immigration authorities borrow legitimacy from social services and related actors involved in assessing non-citizens, thus turning reports from one policy field to the service of assessments made in another. This work draws on empirical data collected from Swiss immigration authorities (Migrationsdienste) and social services (Sozialdienste) whose work concerns migrants in receipt of social assistance. In Switzerland, powerful stereotypes shape the legal residency rights of non-citizens by portraying them as undeserving of welfare, reinforcing a strict citizen vs. non-citizen divide. As I argue, the connections between “workfarist” policies that characterize the Swiss welfare state and restrictive immigration policies legitimate the withdrawal of residence rights from non-citizens rendered destitute. The transfer of responsibility and borrowing of legitimacy facilitated by this entwinement of social policy and immigration law entrench processes of internal bordering. With formerly less related policy fields now increasingly charged with immigration-related decision making, the existing bordering practices of immigration authorities are expanded to encompass new actors. This close entwinement of different policy fields is characteristic of how contemporary societies police and control non-citizens.
Governing the emergence of network-driven platform ecosystems
Authors: Kari Arthur , Bellin Pepe , Matzner Martin , Gersch Martin
Published: January 2025

Literature on platform governance is focused on keystone organizations that exclusively own a platform and control its complementors and users. However, emerging network-driven platform ecosystems—such as European data spaces—represent a shift in focus by allowing stakeholders to share platform ownership and decision rights. To investigate this emerging phenomenon, we conduct a qualitative-explorative case study, interviewing 32 representatives of Catena-X, a European data space in the automotive industry. To conceptually grasp the co-development and management of network-driven platform ecosystems, we employ a network governance perspective as the theoretical lens. We contribute to platform governance literature with (1) a conceptualization of shared platform ownership recognizing the dichotomy of inner and outer governance, and (2) a process model and a conceptual model of an interorganizational network governing the emergence of a platform ecosystem.
On the fractal operator of a mixed possibly infinite iterated function system
Authors: Anghelina Bogdan Cristian , Miculescu Radu , Mihail Alexandru
Published: January 2025

In this paper we introduce a new class of iterated function systems. More precisely, we study the fractal operator associated with a mixed possibly infinite iterated function system (briefly mIIFS). Such a system is a possibly infinite iterated function system (i.e. a possibly infinite family of Banach contractions on a complete metric space, satisfying some extra conditions) enriched with an orbital possibly infinite iterated function system (i.e. a possible infinite family of nonexpansive functions which need not be Banach contractions on the entire previously mentioned complete metric space, but just on the orbits of the space’s elements). Our main result states that the fractal operator associated with an mIIFS is a weakly Picard operator. Its fixed points are called attractors of the system. We present concrete examples of mIIFSs and graphical representations of certain attractors’ approximates.
Supplementation Matters: Academic Impact of an Afterschool Tutoring Program in Timor-Leste
Authors: Yazdani Naisan
Published: January 2025

Students in Timor-Leste face low educational outcomes due to sociopolitical factors rooted in the nation’s colonial history. This study evaluates the academic impact of a low-resource afterschool supplementary tutoring program designed to address learning gaps and improve school outcomes across rural and urban settings. Using instructional design principles, the program employed worksheet-based individualized learning content in a familiar language, supported by personalized feedback. Pre- and post-test scores in mathematics and English were compared over 7 months between an intervention group and a comparison group, with results analyzed using a Welch t test. Findings revealed statistically significant improvements in both subjects, with greater gains in mathematics, suggesting an opportunity to explore alternative methods for English instruction, such as incorporating social interactions to support early learners. The study highlights the importance of community support, tutors’ capabilities, and their residence within local neighborhoods in sustaining the program. These results demonstrate the potential of well-structured afterschool programs to enhance educational outcomes in low-resource contexts, offering a scalable model for similar initiatives in emerging nations.
Advancements and challenges of onboard carbon capture and storage technologies for the maritime industry: a comprehensive review
Authors: Ahmed Yaseen Adnan , Lazakis Iraklis , Mallouppas George
Published: January 2025

In response to the growing demand of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions within maritime sector, Onboard Carbon Capture and Storage (OCCS) technologies provide as key solutions for tackling carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from ships. This review paper offers a comprehensive overview of recent developments, challenges, and prospects of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technologies considering specifically for onboard ship applications. Various Carbon Capture (CC) methods, ranging from post-combustion and pre-combustion capture to oxy-fuel combustion, are critically analysed concerning their operating principles, advantages, disadvantages and applicability in the maritime context. Temporary onboard CO2 storage is examined in its gaseous, supercritical, solid, and liquid states. In this regard, solid and liquid forms are found promising, although solid storage is not yet commercially mature. The review also addresses the challenges in implementing the CC technologies on ships, including space constraints, energy requirements, safety concerns, and economic viability. A comparative assessment is conducted to determine the most promising OCCS technologies. The study finds that post-combustion CC by chemical absorption requires more space than cryogenic and membrane separation, with the latter two deemed viable options, albeit with trade-offs in energy consumption and cost. The study would provide valuable insights and ideas for further research in the field of OCCS technologies.
Peer Violence Poly-victimization in Youth and Associations to Psychosomatic Symptoms — A Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Dahlqvist Heléne , Gådin Katja Gillander , Landstedt Evelina
Published: January 2025

Peer victimization is a common and complex issue among young people worldwide and is affecting mental health development during a critical developmental period in their lives. By means of a Latent Class Analysis (LCA), this study explores peer poly-victimization subgroups among adolescents and their association with psychosomatic symptoms. A sample of 1536 Swedish students in grades 7–9 completed an electronic questionnaire on various types of victimization over the past six months, including physical violence, as well as in-person and cyber sexual harassment and bullying. The LCA identified three subgroups for boys and four for girls, revealing a gendered pattern of victimization, especially in the case of sexualized violence, which was more prevalent among girls. In girls, this type of violence also increased with age. Victimization was strongly associated with psychosomatic symptoms across genders, with sexualized violence having more severe health consequences. The findings emphasize the need for preventive programs that avoids siloed interventions and instead targets multiple forms of violence, including online harassment, to promote adolescent mental health.
Quantum algorithms for enhanced educational technologies
Authors: Hanafi Basil , Ali Mohammad , Singh Devyaani
Published: January 2025

Quantum computing is the beginning of a new age for diverse industries, and educational technologies will significantly benefit from such quantum developments. This is a novel approach, applying quantum algorithms to enhance educational technologies, with no previous studies addressing the integration of quantum computing for personalized learning, data security, and resource optimization in such a comprehensive manner. It is in this context that the present paper delves into the role of quantum algorithms in education ecosystems and focuses on their capacity for transforming both learner and institution personalization, resources management, and secure data protection in learning contexts. Modern quantum algorithms like Grover’s Algorithm and Quantum Annealing support various functionalities like rapidity in processing as well as instantaneous flexibility towards customization of learning resources for the students and proper optimization of the learning trail. Also, quantum cryptography provides reliable security and prevention against future attacks on cyber security hence providing safe means of transferring educational data. Unfortunately, the use of these technologies in learning institutions has not been without some problems. Some of the challenges are the creation of well-functioning quantum hardware, functional software solutions, the application of data ethically, and others. This study presents a balanced view of the positive impacts as well as the technical and ethical implications of quantum technologies in education. In this respect, the paper advances theoretical and practical knowledge about what quantum computing could potentially do to reshape education. In conclusion, the findings of this study have revealed that more scholarly and collaborative research should be conducted in order to eliminate the existing obstacles to the use and exploitation of potential benefits of quantum computing in the educational system.