bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contested Whiteness: Useful Heuristic or Reinscribing Dominance?
Authors: Mohajeri Orkideh
Published: October 2022

This paper takes a relatively new concept in discussions of race and racial identity – that of contested whiteness – and expands upon it substantially. I first review literature on racial incongruence and mismatch and then provide a theoretical amplification of contested whiteness by situating it in theories of racial formation and whiteness as property. I identify a diverse subset of undergraduate and graduate students who can be described as contested whites. These are groups of postsecondary learners who grapple with racial contestation along the borders of whiteness on a daily basis, either from social forces, institutional logics, fellow students, or faculty and staff. In conceptualizing this population and the attendant dynamic of racial contestation, I elucidate the power formations of white supremacy and the policing of its borders as a potent, but covert dynamic that maintains contemporary U.S. race relations. I share stories of contested whiteness from data gathered using this heuristic and argue that it allows for a more complete revelation of the operations of white supremacy. Implications for higher education policy, practice, and research are considered.
Mexican origin First-generation College Students Activating Funds of Knowledge to Navigate Basic Needs Insecurity
Authors: Ramos Delma
Published: October 2022

The present study examines the presence of Basic Needs Insecurity (BNI) among Mexican origin first-generation college students. Specifically, this transformative mixed methods study explores BNI in access to healthcare, housing, employment, and transportation among study participants. Most importantly, this research illuminates students’ Funds of Knowledge (FK) as assets and strategies that Mexican origin first-generation college students activate to navigate BNI. Findings reveal higher levels of BNI present among first-generation compared to continuing-generation college students and highlight familial, community, and institutional supports as sources of FK for Mexican origin first-generation college students to address BNI. Implications for research and practice are provided.
hapa.me – 15 YEARS OF THE HAPA PROJECT
Authors: Fulbeck Kip
Published: October 2022

I created The Hapa Project in 2001, photographing self-identified mixed race Asian/Pacific Islanders and asking them to handwrite their response to the question “What are you?” Each individual was photographed as neutrally as possible – unclothed from the collarbone up, without jewelry, glasses, or expression. Each subject was then given the opportunity to list their ethnicities in their own words. For many participants, this was their first opportunity to do so.

Fifteen years later, I reached out to the original participants to reshoot their portraits, inviting them to write new personal statements and interviewing them about how their identity and the world around them has changed. I also photographed hundreds of new volunteers, many of whom weren’t even born when the project began. This work evolved into the exhibition and book hapa.me – 15 Years of The Hapa Project, which premiered at the Japanese American National Museum in 2018 and is now touring nationally.
MicroRNA-485-3p Promotes the Inflammatory Response and Extracellular Matrix Deposition by Activating Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Liu Cuiyun , Shi Sen , Gao Ying , Leng Qian , Gong Rui , Zhang Lan , Ma Jinhai
Published: October 2022

The aim of this study was to study the effects of microRNA (miR)-485-3p on the inflammatory response and extracellular matrix deposition of human airway smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). The levels of miR-485-3p and WIF1 in peripheral blood of pediatric asthma (PA) patients and controls were examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). miR-485-3p inhibitor and mimic, together with negative control (NC) inhibitor/ mimic, were transfected into HASMCs treated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The levels of eotaxin, interleukin (IL)-8, and IL-6 were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cellular immunofluorescence analysis of fibronectin was also performed. The target genes of miR-485-3p were predicted and validated using TargetScan and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. The protein levels of IL-6, eotaxin, IL-8, collagen III, collagen I, MMP-9, TIMP-1, MMP-2, axin, β-catenin, phosphorylated β-catenin, GSK3β, p-GSK3β, and WIF1 were tested by Western blot. The level of miR-485-3p was increased, whereas expression of WIF1 was low in PA patients. In TNF-α-induced HASMCs, miR-485-3p overexpression promoted the inflammatory response and the accumulation of extracellular matrix. WIF1 was a direct target of miR-485-3p. Silencing miR-485-3p inhibited activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. The reductions in the inflammatory response and ECM accumulation caused by silencing miR-485-3p were induced by blocking Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Thus, miRNA-485-3p targets WIF1 and activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling, facilitating activation of the inflammatory response and ECM accumulation in HASMCs.
A PATHWAY TO SYSTEMIC CHANGES IN STEM LEADERSHIP: INCREASING REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN THROUGH THE EXTERNAL MENTOR PROGRAM
Authors: Johnson Stephany RunningHawk , Benjamin Courtney , Miksys Christie , Gartstein Maria
Published: October 2022

Leadership advancement is more difficult for women in STEM than their male counterparts, and while women are as committed to their academic careers, they face many systemic barriers. Mentoring programs can be one effective approach to mitigating these barriers by facilitating individuals' career development, in turn creating organizational changes. Through quantitative and qualitative analysis, using a case study approach, this paper examines the External Mentor Program outcomes with respect to supporting women faculty in their own career advancement and in creating systemic changes. We found that participants were generally satisfied with this program, reporting an increase in research and writing productivity, as well as expanded networking opportunities and an improvement in their own mentoring abilities. The External Mentor Program also had an effect on the women faculty's departments' culture and climate, which potentially has the ability to transform the larger organization/institution. Change within individual academic units is foundational to shifts in the overarching structures at the college and university level. This mentoring program has shown positive outcomes for both the individuals participating as well as their departments, and subsequently the university at large.
Paradigm shifts in incinerator ash, sediment material recovery and landfill monitoring
Authors: Paleologos Evan K , Bunge Rainer , Weibel Gisela , Vitone Claudia , Ploetze Michael , Petti Rossella , Koda Eugeniusz , O’Kelly Brendan C , Podlasek Anna , Vaverková Magdalena Daria , Sarris Theo , Goli Venkata Siva Naga Sai , Mohamed Abdel-Mohsen O , Puzrin Alexander , Winkler Jan , Marchi Maurizio Iler , Singh Prithvendra , Weaver Louise , Singh Devendra N
Published: October 2022

The current paper discusses some selected developments for efficient management of the globally increasing quantity of waste. Incinerator bottom ash (IBA), the heavier ash generated during incineration of municipal waste, is currently utilised in two distinct ways. One pathway is not to fragment IBA and use it as a building material in road construction. This results in reduced landfilled residual but low metal recovery. The other way is to crush the mineral aggregate, thus maximising metal recovery but resulting in higher landfilled, end material. Here emphasis is placed on the second approach as implemented in Switzerland together with the economics and need for improvement of metal recovery from IBA and fly ash. The second theme reports on the viability of recycling mussel shells as a partial substitute for cement to stabilise dredged marine sediments mechanically. This can reduce the consumption of natural resources and lower the amount of binders used in sediment stabilisation practices. Finally, the adequacy of EU’s requirements regarding monitoring of groundwater pollution from landfills is assessed, and recommendations are provided to use bioindicators to determine the impact of landfills on surrounding vegetation.
Distinguishing among HCO3 −, CO3 =, and H+ as Substrates of Proteins That Appear To Be “Bicarbonate” Transporters
Authors: Lee Seong-Ki , Occhipinti Rossana , Moss Fraser J. , Parker Mark D. , Grichtchenko Irina I. , Boron Walter F.
Published: October 2022

Significance Statement

SLC4 proteins play numerous important roles in the kidneys and elsewhere because they translocate what appears to be bicarbonate through cell membranes. Although previous studies supported three mechanisms with particular hypothesized substrate(s), HCO3
−
per se, CO3
=, or H+, none could definitively discriminate among them. Now, novel three-dimensional mathematical simulations show that these mechanisms would cause markedly different cell-surface pH changes, normalized to translocated charge. Using electrophysiology to test these predictions for the electrogenic Na/HCO3 cotransporter NBCe1, the authors unambiguously rule out two mechanisms—those involving HCO3
− and H+—and conclude that inward flux of CO3
= is the only straightforward mechanism tenable. Thus, surface chemistry can differentiate three modes of acid-base transport previously thought to be indistinguishable. This mechanistic insight might have value for applications such as drug design.

Background

Differentiating among HCO3
−, CO3
=, and H+ movements across membranes has long seemed impossible. We now seek to discriminate unambiguously among three alternate mechanisms: the inward flux of 2 HCO3
− (mechanism 1), the inward flux of 1 CO3
= (mechanism 2), and the CO2/HCO3
−-stimulated outward flux of 2 H+ (mechanism 3).

Methods

As a test case, we use electrophysiology and heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes to examine SLC4 family members that appear to transport “bicarbonate” (“HCO3
−”).

Results

First, we note that cell-surface carbonic anhydrase should catalyze the forward reaction CO2+OH–→HCO3
− if HCO3
− is the substrate; if it is not, the reverse reaction should occur. Monitoring changes in cell-surface pH (ΔpHS) with or without cell-surface carbonic anhydrase, we find that the presumed Cl-“HCO3” exchanger AE1 (SLC4A1) does indeed transport HCO3
− (mechanism 1) as long supposed, whereas the electrogenic Na/“HCO3” cotransporter NBCe1 (SLC4A4) and the electroneutral Na+-driven Cl-“HCO3” exchanger NDCBE (SLC4A8) do not. Second, we use mathematical simulations to show that each of the three mechanisms generates unique quantities of H+ at the cell surface (measured as ΔpHS) per charge transported (measured as change in membrane current, ΔI
m). Calibrating ΔpHS/ΔI
m in oocytes expressing the H+ channel HV1, we find that our NBCe1 data align closely with predictions of CO3
= transport (mechanism 2), while ruling out HCO3
− (mechanism 1) and CO2/HCO3
−-stimulated H+ transport (mechanism 3).

Conclusions

Our surface chemistry approach makes it possible for the first time to distinguish among HCO3
−, CO3
=, and H+ fluxes, thereby providing insight into molecular actions of clinically relevant acid-base transporters and carbonic-anhydrase inhibitors.
The Effect of Creative Drama on Attitudes towards Turkish Lessons and Turkish Language Skills: A Meta-Analysis Study
Authors: ÖZKAYA Perihan Gülce
Published: October 2022

The purpose of the current study is to determine the effect of creative drama on the attitudes of students from different levels of education in Turkey towards Turkish lessons and Turkish language skills. To this end, a meta-analysis of the studies examining the effect of creative drama on the attitudes towards Turkish lessons and Turkish language skills was conducted. Within the context of the study, it was also tried to determine whether the effect values vary depending on the type of publication, the education level of the participants, and the domain of attitude moderator variables. A total of 17 studies were included in the meta-analysis study. The sample size of the studies included in the meta-analysis was 733 people, including 424 participants in the experimental group and 309 participants in the control group. The studies included in the meta-analysis are heterogeneous. In addition to the publication bias result of the funnel plot, Orwin’s Safe N analysis, Duval and Tweedie’s Trim and Fill and Egger’s regression analysis revealed no publication bias. Effect values were calculated according to the random effects model. Cohen’s d coefficient was used in the effect value calculations. The Q test and p significance coefficient were used to determine the moderator variable effect. In the study, it was determined that creative drama has a positive and high level effect on the attitudes towards Turkish lessons and Turkish language skills. When the results of the moderator variable analysis were examined, it was seen that the variance between studies for the moderator variable of publication type was not significant in terms of the attitudes towards Turkish lessons and Turkish language skills while it was significant in favor of high school level for the moderator variable of education level and in favor of speaking skill for the moderator variable of domain of attitude.
Effects of Structured Group Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Psychological Acceptance and Recovery Among Inpatients With Psychotic Disorder: A Pilot Study
Authors: Jeong Narae , Jeon Hyesu , You Dowon , Lee Yu Sang
Published: October 2022

Objectives: Psychosocial intervention method is very important for clinical recovery and personal recovery for psychosis. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is a trans-diagnostic approach that has been proven effective in the recovery for psychosis but there are few studies in South Korea testing its effects. In this paper, the structured protocol, ‘Group Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Psychosis Recovery (G-ACTp)’ was adopted and a systematized manual was developed to investigate the effects on psychological acceptance and recovery.Methods: 17 patients receiving treatment for psychotic symptoms were randomly assigned to the treatment group and control group, respectively. The treatment group (n=9) received G-ACTp for 5 weeks in addition to the treatment as usual, and the control group (n=8) waited with only the treatment as usual, and the scores of pre assesment, post assesment, and follow-up assessment for acceptance, recovery, mindfulness, psychotic symptoms, depression, anxiety, and quality of life were all compared.Results: As a result, there was a significant interaction effect of time and group in acceptance and recovery variables. Also, in the mindfulness variable, there was a significant trend in the time and group interaction. There were no significant effects on psychotic symptoms, depression and anxiety symptoms, and quality of life variables.Conclusion: As a result of this study, it was mentioned that the ACT for psychosis can be widely used as an effective method in the personal recovery of psychosis, and that results can be linked to the application of mental health services in South Korea. Finally, the significance and limitations of the studies were discussed.
Clinical Factors Affecting Constipation in Patients with Schizophrenia Taking Clozapine
Authors: Lee Min-Joo , Kim Sung-Jin , Moon Jung-Joon , Jeon Dong-Wook , Jung Do-Un
Published: October 2022

Objectives: To investigate clinical factors affecting constipation in patients with schizophrenia taking clozapine.Methods: The participants were patients with schizophrenia taking clozapine and tested for the Therapeutic Drug Monitoring from September 1, 2020 to July 1, 2022 at a university hospital. To evaluate the effect of clozapine on constipation, clozapine dosage, clozapine concentration, and norclozapine concentration were investigated. To evaluate effects of drugs other than clozapine on constipation, dosage and type of other drug were investigated. Anticholinergic Drug Scale was used to evaluate anticholinergic action.Results: A total of 56 patients were enrolled in the study. Clozapine daily dose, clozapine concentration, and norclozapine concentration were higher in the constipated patient group. Through logistic regression analysis, it was discovered that the risk of constipation increased as the norclozapine concentration increased, and the results remained similarly even after adjustments of related variables was performed.Conclusion: It was discoverd that among patients taking clozapine, the higher the norclozapine concentration, the higher the probability of constipation. Among patients taking clozapine, patients with high norclozapine concentration may need additional evaluation and management of constipation.
Probability of Transition to Psychosis and Bipolar Disorder in Individuals With Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Authors: An Seongeun , Choi Bum-Sung , Yu Eun-Ra , Jeong Ji-Woon , Huh Sung-Young
Published: October 2022

Objectives: The clinical trajectories of adolescent-onset psychosis and bipolar disorder are worse than that of adult-onset cases. Although psychosis and bipolar disorder are more prevalent among those with neurodevelopmental disorders such as ADHD and autism spectrum disorder compared with the general population, the incidence during adolescence has not yet been explored.Methods: Out of 3,730 patients who visited the Department of Pediatric Psychiatry at Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital between November 2008 and May 2021, patients with neurodevelopmental disorders who did not meet the criteria for psychosis or bipolar disorder and had at least one year of the follow-up period were selected. A Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to examine the cumulative incidence of psychosis and bipolar disorder in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders.Results: The sample included 591 patients with neurodevelopmental disorders (mean age 12.6 years, range 10-18 years). The 9-years cumulative incidences of psychosis and bipolar disorder are 1.3% (95% CI=0.2%-2.4%), 11.6% (95% CI=7.4%-15.6%), respectively.Conclusion: Patients with neurodevelopmental disorders showed a high incidence of psychosis and bipolar disorder during adolescence. This suggests that patients diagnosed with neurodevelopmental disorders should be continuously evaluated and monitored of the occurrence of comorbidities during adolescence.
Temporary postoperative myocardial injury and long-term survival in liver transplant patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Kwon Hye-Mee , Kim Jae Hwan , Yang Ji-Woong , Hwang Gyu-Sam
Published: October 2022

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is increasing worldwide due to the aging population and cardiometabolic syndrome. However, the extent of postoperative myocardial injury, the most common cause of death during the 30 days after noncardiac surgery, remains unclear with respect to liver transplant (LT) patients with CAD. We examined the link between post-LT high sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs_cTnI) and long-term survival according to liver disease severity.Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent LT (n = 3,220) from 2010 to 2020 were evaluated retrospectively. CAD was defined as a history of coronary artery bypass surgery or percutaneous intervention, or previous myocardial infarction. Peak hs_cTnI levels within 30 days post-transplant were compared in patients with and without CAD. The primary endpoint was defined as an all-cause mortality at 12 years following LT. Secondary endpoints include peak hs_cTnI level within post-transplant 30 days and 30-day mortality. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meier method.Results: CAD patients (n = 264, 8.2%) had higher peak hs_cTnI levels within 30 days post-LT than those without CAD (median [interquartile]: 0.068 [0.030–0.154] vs. 0.087 [0.037–0.203] ng/ml, respectively; P = 0.004); however, the mortality rate was comparable (14.7% vs. 14.8%, respectively, P = 0.999), at 12 years, and 1.9% vs. 1.1% (P = 0.522) at 30 days, respectively, at 30 days. Subgroup analysis with stratified liver disease severity identified a similar risk of long-term mortality.Conclusions: Although the peak hs_cTnI level within 30 days was higher in revascularized or treated CAD patients after LT compared those without CAD, long-term mortality rates at 12 years and 30-day mortality rate were comparable.
Choice of the correct size of endotracheal tube in pediatric patients
Authors: Park Seyeon , Shin Sang-Wook , Kim Hye-Jin , Byeon Gyeong-Jo , Yoon Ji-Uk , Kim Eun-Jung , Kim Hee Young
Published: October 2022

Selection and insertion of an endotracheal tube (ETT) of appropriate size for airway management during general anesthesia in pediatric patients is very important. A very small ETT increases the risk of inadequate ventilation, air leakage, and aspiration, whereas a very large ETT may cause serious complications including airway damage, post-intubation croup, and, in severe cases, subglottic stenosis. Although the pediatric larynx is conical, the narrowest part, the rima glottidis, is cylindrical in the anteroposterior dimension, regardless of development, and the cricoid ring is slightly elliptical. A cuffed ETT reduces the number of endotracheal intubation attempts, and if cuff pressure can be maintained within a safe range, the risk of airway damage may not be greater than that of an ETT without cuff. The age-based formula suggested by Cole (age/4 + 4) has long been used to select the appropriate ETT size in children. Because age-based formulas in children are not always accurate, various alternative methods for estimating the ETT size have been examined and suggested. Chest radiography, ultrasound, and a three-dimensional airway model can be used to determine the appropriate ETT size; however, there are several limitations.
General anesthesia and sleep: like and unlike
Authors: Jung Jieun , Kim Tae
Published: October 2022

General anesthesia and sleep have long been discussed in the neurobiological context owingto their commonalities, such as unconsciousness, immobility, non-responsiveness to externalstimuli, and lack of memory upon returning to consciousness. Sleep is regulated bycomplex interactions between wake-promoting and sleep-promoting neural circuits. Anestheticsexert their effects partly by inhibiting wake-promoting neurons or activating sleep-promotingneurons. Unconscious but arousable sedation is more related to sleep-wake circuitries,whereas unconscious and unarousable anesthesia is independent of them. Generalanesthesia is notable for its ability to decrease sleep propensity. Conversely, increasedsleep propensity due to insufficient sleep potentiates anesthetic effects. Taken together, it isplausible that sleep and anesthesia are closely related phenomena but not the same ones.Further investigations on the relationship between sleep and anesthesia are warranted.
Percutaneous epidural balloon neuroplasty: a narrative review of current evidence
Authors: Kim Doo-Hwan , Shin Jin-Woo , Choi Seong-Soo
Published: October 2022

Percutaneous epidural balloon neuroplasty (PEBN) can be used to perform balloon decompression combined with percutaneous epidural neuroplasty (PEN), leading to significant pain relief and functional improvement in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. Several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of PEBN and supported its relatively long-term outcomes (at least 6 months, sustained for up to 12 months). Balloon neuroplasty appears to be superior to conventional PEN. Moreover, it has been shown to be effective in patients unresponsive to conventional PEN or in those with post lumbar surgery syndrome. In addition, balloon neuroplasty achieved successful outcomes regardless of the approach used, such as retrodiscal, transforaminal, contralateral interlaminar, or caudal. Chronic lumbar radicular pain without back pain, neurogenic claudication, and minimal neuropathic component were favorable predictors of successful PEBN from a symptomatic perspective. A short duration of pain after lumbar surgery, lumbar foraminal stenosis caused primarily by degenerative disc, mild foraminal stenosis, and perineural adhesion by degenerative discs were associated with successful outcomes of PEBN from pathological aspects. Ballooning ≥ 50% of the target sites and complete contrast dispersion after ballooning seemed to be crucial for successful outcomes from a technical perspective. In addition, PEBN was effective regardless of the accompanying redundant nerve roots or a mild degree of spondylolisthesis. Studies on balloon neuroplasty have reported occasional minor and self-limiting complications; however, no PEBN-related significant complications have been reported. Given the present evidence, balloon neuroplasty appears to be a safe and effective procedure with minimal complications for the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis.
LABOR PRODUCTIVITY IN THE REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: ESSENCE, FACTORS AND RESERVES OF GROWTH
Authors:   Institute for Strategic Studies of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Trofimova N.V. , Mamleeva E.R. ,   Institute for Strategic Studies of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Sazykina M.Yu. ,   Institute for Strategic Studies of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Shaykhutdinova G.F. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University
Published: October 2022

The focus of state policy on eliminating the country's technological lag behind world leaders actualizes the problem of finding mechanisms to increase labor productivity in Russia. The purpose of the article is to analyze the dynamics of social, hourly and real labor productivity in the regions of the Russian Federation, as well as to study the features of the implementation of federal projects and programs aimed at increasing the level of labor productivity. Using the method of multidimensional grouping, the clustering of subjects of the Russian Federation by the level of labor productivity was carried out, the features of labor productivity in each of the groups were identified, and the factors that have a negative impact on the growth of labor productivity were identified. The results of the analysis of the implementation of the national project "Labor Productivity" in the regions of the Russian Federation are presented.
IMPLEMENTATION OF COMPLIANCE CONTROL IN THE CONDITIONS OF DIGITALIZATION OF THE ECONOMY
Authors:   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Sunaeva G.G. , Petrova K.A. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University
Published: October 2022

The article discusses the general implementation of compliance control in the internal control system of Russian companies in the context of the digitalization of the economy. Currently, digitalization has penetrated into all areas of activity of commercial organizations. Digital compliance technologies are becoming relevant, as they help to more efficiently and comfortably deal with large amounts of data that are inherent in any corporate system. The latest technologies and ways of processing big data allow the development of compliance programs, legal and ethical requirements, which involve fundamentally new approaches. Digital solutions free the staff from manual labor, thereby minimizing the human factor, which reduces the risk of regulatory violations. This is confirmed by the results of the implementation of a compliance system using digital technologies in a number of Russian companies, such as Sberbank PJSC, VimpelCom PJSC, etc. With the help of digital technologies in the compliance system, companies have achieved success in managing conflicts of interest, combating corruption, monitoring fraudulent schemes, and strengthening information security. The article analyzes the digital technologies in the field of compliance currently on the market, which are able to increase the effectiveness of compliance control by replacing human experts in routine operations with the help of deeper machine analysis, and identifies the advantages and disadvantages of each system. Having identified the main risks faced by Russian companies, automated solutions are proposed in the process of creating a new product: automating the system for checking compliance of documentation with legislation and automating the system for checking suppliers and customers of the company with a rating. These proposals will help minimize the reputational and legal risks of the company. The advantages of converting compliance to digital format are to reduce the risks of bringing the company to penalties from government agencies, reduce the risk of fraud and corruption schemes in the company's internal system, increase the investment attractiveness and reputation of the company, and eliminate the risk of leakage of confidential information.
RISKS OF OPERATING OIL AND GAS EQUIPMENT WITH EXPIRED REGULATORY SERVICE LIFE
Authors:   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Allayarov U.E. , Potapova A.O. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University
Published: October 2022

A large number of oil and gas facilities and equipment parts around the world are approaching or have exceeded their original design life. Misuse of oil and gas equipment can easily lead to accidents, production failures or supply disruptions. This not only poses an immediate risk, but can also lead to wider economic losses as well as damage to the environment and human lives. While routine inspection can reduce some risks, it cannot identify all potential hazards. With obsolete equipment, possible safety problems cannot be predicted in advance. Taken together, all these factors can pose a potential threat to the safety of oil and gas complexes. When assessing the state of industrial safety, not only quantitative indicators of hazards must be taken into account, but also factors that can significantly increase the number of accidents and the severity of their consequences. These factors include the factor of almost constant retirement of main production assets due to depreciation and obsolescence of equipment. Having analyzed the main causes of accidents and incidents that occurred between 2016 and 2020, it was found that the cumulative share of accidents related to the operation of equipment with an expired standard service life was 64 %. The purpose of this article is to discuss guidelines for assessing life extension to ensure the technical and operational integrity of oil and gas equipment. Some threats to integrity from physical degradation mechanisms are considered. The aim is to highlight those mechanisms by which an installation deteriorates physically and functionally, including human factors and organizational problems. To make suggestions and recommendations for extending the service life without deteriorating the safe operation of the hazardous production facility.
TRANSFORMATION OF BANKING BUSINESS IN CONDITIONS OF EXTERNAL INSTABILITY
Authors:   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Nigmatullina R.A. , Gabitova Z.R. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University
Published: October 2022

In the global economy today, banking innovations are manifested in various forms, such as new financial products (services), new processes in the financial sector, new financial institutions. Banking innovations have a significant impact on the economy, providing an increase in the efficiency of the banking sector. The reasons for banking innovations are increased competition in the banking sector, increased uncertainty and risk in the economy, changes in consumer preferences, high imbalance in the global economy Currently the banking sector of the economy is aimed at timely changes in the conditions of external instability and the introduction of innovative banking products for profit. The article characterizes innovative banking products that act as a priority tool for a commercial bank to retain a leading position in the modern market. That is why the study of this issue seems relevant. This article analyzes the main directions of innovative banking activity, highlights the most interesting banking innovations operating in domestic banks. Modern credit organizations are the most important element of the banking system. This segment of the economy accumulates most of the monetary turnover of the state. Thanks to the ability of banks to redistribute funds, new sources of capital are being formed that contribute to the reproductive process. Commercial banks also support the national economy by creating a cash flow from the least efficient industries to the more competitive ones. Due to the current situation in the world, which literally forces all commercial organizations to continuously developе, banks are also actively trying to create new products and operations that will meet the needs of modern society. The ability to respond promptly to the needs of the population and introduce new products and tools distinguish the market leaders of the present time. The emergence of innovative banking products and technologies depends on the development of banking business. Their development and promotion at each stage of the formation of banking depends on the needs of the reproductive process and the type of economic systems. By creating new banking products, it is possible to resolve conflicts of limited resources of banks with changing needs of a potential client. The adaptation of new banking products is gradually becoming more widely used in the credit sector, since, due to various circumstances, only a few large banks have the opportunity to invest in innovations. Low capitalization of domestic banks, liquidity problems, high costs for the implementation of requirements the problem of increasing the efficiency of the organizations of the domestic financial and credit system through the adaptation of innovative banking products is identified.
CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS OF BUSINESS INFORMATIZATION
Authors:   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Gaisina R.R.
Published: October 2022

This article is devoted to the issues of informatization of entrepreneurial activity and, in particular, the analysis of various scientific views on the fundamental concepts of the object of research. The paper considers philosophical, functionalist and mathematical interpretations of «information». According to the first, information is a subjective principle and is a derivative of the mind of the person concerned. From the point of view of functionalism, information is objective and its existence is independent of human perception, while information becomes substantive and valuable only in the case of interaction of two systems: the source and receiver of messages. Attempts to formalize this concept can be observed in mathematical approaches, on the basis of which, together with a philosophical and functionalist vision, a definition of business information was given. The research also reflected the role and importance of information support for economic and production processes. A review of relevant scientific papers allowed us to conclude that information support is systematic and highlight its main purpose, which is to conduct business rationally through the use of innovative technologies. The active introduction of information support elements into business subsystems changes not only the structure of business processes, but also the relationship between the participants of interaction-business is subject to informatization and becomes part of the information society. The article pays special attention to the definition of «informatization». Based on the analysis of the points of view of scientists presented in the article, it was revealed that informatization is a global phenomenon that gradually penetrates into all spheres of human life, saturates the communicative and activity environment with its constituent elements, opening up new ways to solve socio-economic problems. In various fields of knowledge and human activity, informatization is interpreted differently, but its conceptual foundations are unchanged: it is a process implemented using various types of technologies, operates on the basis of reliable and exhaustive information, and also involves the interaction of external and internal information flows. The main result of the study was the definition of the concept of «business informatization».
ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES OF THE FUTURE: ECONOMIC ASPECT
Authors:   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Gaisina A.V. , Kharisova A.Z. ,   Bashkir State University, Sharafullina R.R. ,   Bashkir State University
Published: October 2022

The integration of renewable energy (RE) technologies into energy systems is essential to decarbonize the energy sector while meeting the growing demand for energy. The growing importance of RE in recent years has become one of the most important factors in the transformation of energy systems around the world. Many governments have strategic plans to reduce emissions in the energy sector. Some countries have even included a zero-point guideline in the law or proposed legislation, while others are discussing their own strategies. Many companies have also announced carbon-neutral targets. The success of renewable energy technologies gives governments and businesses some reason to be optimistic. At the same time, achieving these goals will require much more attention to sectors such as transport, industry and construction, which currently account for more than 55 % of CO2 emissions from the energy system. Achieving net zero will depend on how we deal with the emissions problem associated with the long-term assets of these sectors, many of which were recently built in Asian economies and can function for decades. Investments in new clean energy technologies will be crucial. Achieving net zero emissions in 2050 will require a much faster deployment of low-carbon energy. In the case of faster innovations, electricity production in 2050 will be about 2.5 times higher than today. A safe and sustainable energy system with zero emissions leads to the emergence of a new generation of basic fuels. The security of today's global energy system is largely ensured by the global markets of three key fuels – coal, oil and natural gas, which together account for about 70 % of the world's final energy demand. The paper considers the system integration of renewable energy sources in the world economy. An information dynamic model is presented as a research mechanism.
ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURAL SHIFTS IN SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF MUNICIPALITIES OF THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN
Authors:   Bashkir State University, Tulkubaev I.R.
Published: October 2022

The article reflects the results of the study of structural differences in the socio-economic development of municipalities of the Republic of Bashkortostan based on the calculation of indices of structural shifts. The author selected indicators, on the one hand, characterizing the level of socio-economic development of territories; on the other, allowing to assess the structural dynamics of indicators, relative to the contribution to the national indicator. Indices of structural shifts were calculated for each of the indicators, on the basis of which all MO were divided into groups according to the degree of structural differences. The results of the study can be used to substantiate the structural policy of the authorities and local self-government.
STUDY OF THE PRACTICE OF APPLYING THE INSTITUTE OF AN AUTHORIZED ECONOMIC OPERATOR
Authors:   Volga State University of Service, Nikolaeva N.A.
Published: October 2022

The article considers the degree of expansion of the involvement of customs authorities in the world economy. Attention is focused on the task of a more competent system for simplifying customs regulation, as well as speeding up the movement of goods across the customs border. To date, the development of the institution of an authorized economic operator is the basis for the development of foreign economic activity of large industrial enterprises, regional prosperity and world trade cooperation. This trend is accompanied by the introduction of an optimization mechanism in the organization of relations between participants in foreign economic activity, customs authorities and all process stakeholders. The article also focuses on the disclosure of the main provisions of the Customs Code of the EAEU, the practice of applying and adapting the main theses in relation to the laws of the Russian Federation. The essence of the framework standards in the development of a unified approach to consolidate the status of an economic operator certified by different customs administrations is revealed. Special attention is paid to the introduction of a system of special customs simplifications that allow enterprises participating in foreign economic activity to maintain financial, organizational and production stability. The described problems of assigning AEO status are due to the limited time of re-registration under the new procedure. For an authorized economic operator, the requirements for the internal accounting system, sites, and transport are established. Special customs preferences are considered on the basis of a certificate of one of three types. Certificates of the first type provide advantages when processing customs transit procedures, certificates of the second type – when carrying out customs procedures on the territory of an enterprise with the status of an economic operator, and certificates of the third type – provide for a special order for the priority of pre-declaration release of goods and customs procedures. In addition to the advantages, the article also discusses the problems that have arisen as a result of the introduction of a new approach. The conclusion of international agreements will provide a safer flow of supplies with the participation of an authorized economic operator and will minimize the risk of violation of the law, since all participants will be able to guarantee the indisputability of such transactions. This will help both reduce the time of customs operations and the frequency of control measures, and will push for trade relations with other countries.
Editorial: Familias en tiempos complejos de transición
Authors: Cárdenas Ramos Zoraida , Soto Higuera Abel Isidoro
Published: October 2022

Los estudios de familia como área de conocimiento en las ciencias sociales son relativamente recientes. Las primeras investigaciones se remontan a los años sesenta del siglo XX, en el marco de la antropología, la sociología y la psicología, principalmente. Durante los años 70 y 80, los estudios de mujer y de género nutrieron la discusión en los estudios de familia. En América Latina los estudios sobre familia fueron liderados por sociólogos y antropólogos (Robichaux, 2007; Duque y Pastrana, 1973). Los estudios de población sobre nupcialidad, matrimonio y fecundidad contribuyeron significativamente a comprender este grupo social. Paralelo a las contribuciones de estas disciplinas, emergen desde el campo de la psicología nuevas propuestas de intervención y terapia familiar (Pichon-Riviére, 1985, FrommReichman, 1962). Recientemente se han adelantado investigaciones sobre parejas del mismo sexo y homoparentalidad (Gallego, 2010; Gallego et al., 2017), lo cual amplía el espectro de lo que en la región se entiende por familia, con una mirada incluyente, de reconocimiento de derechos no libre de tensiones sociales.
Contexto: familias y educación en jóvenes universitarios en situación de confinamiento por el (COVID-19)
Authors: Suárez Barros Astrid Sofía , Morad Haydar María Del Pilar , Castillo Bolaños Jennifer Del Carmen , Rojas Otálora Alfredo , Alarcón Vásquez Yolima , García Acuña Yomaira
Published: October 2022

Resumen: Objetivo. Comprender las experiencias de estudiantes universitarios en el contexto familiar y educativo, desde las tensiones, los cambios y oportunidades que se vivieron durante el confinamiento por el COVID-19, para reflexionar sobre las vivencias que desde pandemia asumieron las familias y las instituciones educativas. Metodología. Se enfoca en la pregunta problema: ¿Cómo comprender las experiencias de jóvenes universitarios durante el confinamiento por el COVID-19, desde las tensiones, los cambios y oportunidades que se vivieron desde las familias y las instituciones educativas? Con un diseño cualitativo, con elementos de la teoría fundamentada, bajo el paradigma interpretativo-hermenéutico, con análisis categorial, abierto, axial y selectivo para generar conocimiento en esta temática, a través de cuatro fases. El instrumento fue una encuesta diseñada y aplicada en línea en un formato de Google Forms a 584 estudiantes universitarios de pregrado y activos en el período académico 2020- 2, de cinco universidades de la Región Caribe en Colombia, desde una postura emic (voces de los y las estudiantes) y con análisis de categorías con apoyo del aplicativo DATAVIV y desde consideraciones ético-legales. Resultados. El confinamiento afectó los contextos de la familia y la educación. Las vivencias se manifestaron en unatendencia de emociones negativas, en las categorías “Genera estrés”, “Adaptación difícil a la virtualidad” y “Dificultades técnicas”, complementadas con emociones catalogadas como positivas como las categorías “Apoyo a la estabilidad emocional” o “Estudio es factor motivador positivo”. El nivel de estrés que se generó en las mujeres fue mayor (76.1 %) que en los hombres (40 %), lo que refleja una desigualdad de género relacionada con la recarga en el rol femenino con tareas domésticas y cuidado de niños y niñas. Conclusiones. La familia y la educación son sensibles a situaciones de crisis y cambios sociales y culturales, siendo escenarios de contención y afrontamiento emocional, que requieren reflexión alrededor de los momentos históricos del siglo XXI. Igualmente es importante resaltar la afectación detectada por las mujeres y su relación con los roles asignados que procuran esta circunstancia.
Erzincan’da erozyona duyarlı sahalardaki sarıçam (Pinus sylvestris L.) ağaçlandırma çalışmalarının başarı/büyüme oranları ile BUROR teraslama işlemlerinin bazı toprak parametreleri üzerindeki etkilerinin araştırılması
Authors: SEYİS Yalçın , ÖZALP Mehmet
Published: October 2022

Erzincan-Keklik kayası mevkiinde yürütülen bu çalışmada, 2012 yılında, BUROR mini-ekskavatörle teraslama sonrası uygulanan ağaçlandırma ve erozyon kontrol faaliyetlerinde dikilen sarıçam fidanlarının 2018 yılı vejetasyon dönemi sonundaki (6 yıllık) gelişim durumlarının değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla, dikimlerin yapıldığı alandan 20 m x 20 m büyüklüğünde (yaklaşık 400 m2) toplam 7 deneme parseli seçilmiş ve her bir parselde rasgele tespit edilen 30 (toplamda 210 adet) fidanın boyu, kök boğazı çapları ve dikimden bu yana geçen her bir vejetasyon dönemine ait yıllık boy artımları ölçülmüştür. Ayrıca, söz konusu bu ağaçlandırma ve erozyon kontrol faaliyetlerinin toprakta neden olduğu olası bazı fiziksel ve kimyasal değişimleri tespit etmek üzere de 42 tanesi dikim yapılan terasların içinden (fidan dibinden), 29 tanesi ise terasların aralarından (doğal/kontrol alan) olmak üzere toplamda 71 bozulmuş toprak örneği alınarak pH, organik madde (OM), elektriksel iletkenlik (Eİ), agregat stabilitesi ve tekstür değerleri için analize tabi tutulmuşlardır. Araştırma sonucunda, altı yıllık büyüme dönemi sonunda, dikilen sarıçam fidanlarında %88’lik bir başarı oranı yakalandığı, ortalama kök boğaz çaplarının ise 47.3 mm’ye ulaştığı belirlenmiştir. Bununla beraber, güney bakıdaki yamaçlarda dikilen sarıçam fidanlarının ulaştıkları ortalama 130.3 cm’lik boy ile kuzey bakıdakilerden (120.9 cm) istatiksel olarak daha uzun oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Toprak analiz verileri üzerindeki değerlendirmelerde ise mini ekskavatörle yapılan BUROR terasların bazı toprak özellikleri üzerinde negatif etkiler yarattığı ve kısmen bozulan bu özelliklerin doğal değerlerine ulaşmasının zaman alacağı sonucuna varılmıştır. Son olarak, bu araştırmanın önemli sonuçlarından birinin de 2013 ile 2018 büyüme dönemlerindeki sarıçam boy artımlarıyla hem bir önceki yıl yağan toplam yağış miktarları (R2 = 0.77) hem de vejetasyon dönemindeki yağış miktarları arasında (R2 = 0.85) yüksek bir ilişki olduğunun tespit edilmesi olmuştur.