bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Re-Visitation of Family Concept with an Educative View in Shakespeare’s Titus Andronicus
Authors: Soede Casimir Comlan
Published: September 2018

The family is the key component of any society whose prosperity and safety depends on the role it plays in children’s education. Mistrust is led to hiding of knowledge that can be useful and helpful for youth. Solitude takes place in our community and one must be self-developer of himself or herself. And that force people to fear their neighboring. Society is divided into little groups. It is in that vein that the current research work comes to pinpoint these misconducts that draw way to problems such as murders, terrorism, treachery, robbery, betrayal that the world currently faces. The reader-response and historicism approaches used along the current work, show that the family should change its ways of educating youngsters to enhance their sociopolitical and economic growth. The research argues that members of a family have to share their living experiences within their social groups. In this regards, the study has found that parents and relatives should accept one another by overcoming the social differences (rich and poor) instead of being handicaps for their youth who try to be a Man.
Scenarii Bioclimatiques A L’horizon 2050 Dans Le Departement De L’oueme Au Benin (Afrique De L’ouest)
Authors: Flore Mehinto-Dovonou , Maximilien Boko Nouvêwa Patrice , Christophe S. Houssou
Published: September 2018

This study aims to determine the future bioclimatic atmospheres by 2050 according to the scenarios A1B and B1, in order to determine if the human health of the populations in the department Ouémé in Benin would be subjected to more or less harsh environments. To do this, this study was conducted using descriptive statistics methods, and bioclimatic index calculation (UTCI). The data used are the meteorological data (temperature, relative humidity, insolation and wind) on a monthly scale over the period 1971-2014 and the data from 2020 to 2025 from the ReMO database. The results of this study make it possible to remember that the A1B scenario presents a distinct singularity, because it describes more bioclimatic atmospheres than the B1 scenario. Whatever the variations, the December- March period will be dominated by a hot atmosphere, while April-October by a more comfortable atmosphere. Differences between bioclimatic atmospheres by 2050 and the current one will reach +9.2 in February for the A1B scenario and +8.4 for the B1 scenario. This variation of future bioclimatic atmospheres simulated by means of the REMO data and UTCI will not be without effects on the health of children from 0 to 5 years old in the Department of Ouémé and therefore in the face of this future configuration. adaptations are proposed to the different actors in the study area.
Viol Des Mineurs De 10 A 15 Ans Recus Au Chu-So De Lome
Authors: Bassowa Akila , Ketevi Ayoko A. , Fiagnon Kodjo , Ajavon Dédé , Douaguibe Baguilane , Aboubakari Abdoul-Samadou , Akpadza Koffi
Published: September 2018

Minors of both sexs ages 10 to 15 are most at risk of sexual assault Objective: To determine the prevalence of sexual assault by rape among children aged 10 to 15 years and describe their management at the gynecology and obstetrics clinic of the CHU SO .Patients and methods: 134 files of rape victims were collected from September 1, 2010 to March 31, 2017 at the gynecology and obstetrics clinic of the CHU SO Results: Rape of minors aged 10 to 15 accounted for 26.6% of sexual assaults. There were 91% of girls. Most of our patients (54.5%) were raped between 7pm and 6am. Sixty eight (68) patients (40.3%) were referred for consultation between the 2nd day and the 8th day after the rape. Fifty-five point two percent of the victims had never had sexual intercourse before the rape. The perpetrator was known to the victim in 92.5% of cases. The tear of the hymen was old in 79.5% of the victims. HIV serology was positive in 1.6%. The rate of β HCG was positive in a 15-year-old patient. All our patients had psychological care. Conclusion: The rape of minors of both sexes is a reality in our developing society. The taboo of the sex must be raised for the fast denunciation of the rape and of an adequate care.
In-Hospital Evolution of Non Operated Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage at the Neurology Unit of Befelatanana University Teaching Hospital, Antananarivo
Authors: Glorien Lemahafaka Jemissair , Finiavana Rasaholiarison Nomena , Andriamasinavalona Rajaonarison Lala , Julien Razafimahefa , Noel Zodaly , Djacoba Tehindrazanarivelo Alain
Published: September 2018

Subarachnoid hemorrhage is defined as a sudden irruption of blood in subarachnoid spaces. This study aims to determine the profile and in-hospital evolution of patients with post aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, who did not have surgical treatment in the Neurology Unit of Befelatanana University Hospital, Antananarivo, Madagascar. This study was a descriptive retrospective study within a period of 4 years, from January 1st, 2014 to December 31th, 2017. The study was carried out in hospitalized patients for subarachnoid hemorrhage with aneurysmal origin. We included 52 patients, with an average age of 48 years and a female predominance. They are housewives in majority of cases. 52% of the cases live in urban areas while 77% of cases have high blood pressure. The main clinical manifestation was a sudden headache, and intracranial aneurysm was located at the anterior communicating artery in 52% of cases. All patients benefited from drug treatments in majority of cases. Due to the lack of financial means, 60% had neurological complications. However, in-hospital mortality rate was at 13%. This study helps us to suggest to our patients medical treatment of their subarachnoid hemorrhage during hospitalization because of difficult access to surgery. It also aims to propose surgery outside the acute phase of the disease.
« Principe 7 » De La Pédagogie, Effet Zeeman-Effet Prérequis, Architecture Pyramidale Du Système Lmd: Mise En Œuvre D’une Pédagogie Discriminatoire Pour Un Enseignement De Qualité
Authors: Sakho Ibrahima
Published: September 2018

In this work, we demonstrate by analogy with the quantified levels of atomic systems, that the levels of education from elementary to Superior are "quantified". The transition of a learner from one level of instruction to another is analogous to an electronic transition between atomic levels. The notions of ground state, excited states and ionized state of atomic systems have their equivalents in the school and university systems. It is demonstrated in this work that the number 7 is revealed in all countable elements of an educational system. This leads to the statement of the "principle 7 " of pedagogy. Thus, there are 7 levels of instruction or teaching-learning in the elementary, 7 levels at the middle-level and 7 levels of teaching-learning at the higher level. In addition, there are 7 degrees, 7 hours of work of the learner in the school space. The application of "Principle 7 of pedagogy" to the determination of the number of classes per cycle and the number of students per classroom is discussed. Moreover, it is shown in this work, that the Pauli Exclusion Principle allows to account for the correct occupation of the tablesbenches by the learners and that and the indiscernibility principle of the particles accounts for the necessity of the wearing school clothes. By analogy with the Zeeman Effect, it is shown that all levels of teaching-learning are degenerate. The lifting of degeneration by "Prerequisite Effect" highlights the need to put into practice a discriminatory pedagogy for quality education at the elementary level as well as at the higher level. Finally, it is demonstrated by analogy with the tightening of the atomic levels with the increase of the principal quantum number, that the architecture of the LDM must have the appearance of a pyramid, the base being constituted by the level License and the summit by the PhD level. Moreover, the increase in the number of 180/120/180 credits does not follow the pyramidal architecture of the LMD and that it should mathematically decrease according to the ratio L / M = M / D = 3/2; which corresponds to the 180/120/80 pyramidal progression. If a credit corresponds to 20 hours of work in L and M, it should correspond to 45 hours of work in D.
Effets De La Fertilisation Sur Les Nématodes Parasites Et Le Rendement En Rhizomes Frais Du Gingembre, Zingiber officinale Rosc
Authors: Alèdi Assih , Amen Nenonene Yawo , Atti Tchabi , Rodrigue Fiaboe Kokou , Pikassalé Akantetou Komla
Published: September 2018

Ginger, Zingiber officinale is one of the most cultivated spices in the world. Therefore its production is often subject to high pest and disease pressures, particularly that of plant parasitic nematodes. For the sustainable management of parasitic nematodes of ginger, a trial was conducted at Agronomic Research Station of the Graduate School of Agronomy at the University of Lomé to assess the efficacy of some organo-mineral fertilizers on parasitic nematodes. An organic manure based on house waste valorization in three doses (0tha -1 ; 15tha-1 and 25tha-1 ) and five mineral fertilizer formulations from simple mineral fertilizers (Urea 46%, the chloride of potassium and the triple superphosphate): N0P0K0; N45P15K60; N70P50K50; N90P30K100 and N125P90K100) were used according to a split plot design. The inventory of the nematodes permitted to count five genders of nematodes: Meloidogyne; Xiphinema; Longidorus; Helicotylenchus and Pratylenchus. The results indicated that an input of 25 tons of organic manure associated with mineral fertilizer of N70P50K50 and N125P90K100 reduce nematode density by up to 58.62% in roots and 95.88% in soil compared to the treatment without manure and mineral fertilizer. The yield of fresh rhizomes vary from 2.9 to 7.7 t/ha with little statistically effects of the manures. This study reveals that nematodes constitute a serious phytosanitary problem for ginger and that the contribution of organo-mineral fertilization makes it possible to reduce the density of nematodes under ginger.
Diversité Floristique Et Structurale De Deux Forêts Communautaires Sous Exploitation Au Cameroun: Cas De Kompia Et Nkolenyeng
Authors: Clovis Kengne Olivier , Louis Zapfack , Claude Garcia , Valery Noiha Noumi , Bernard-Aloys Nkongmeneck
Published: September 2018

The attribution of community forests to local populations has emerged as a new participative management system of plant biodiversity in Cameroon. Further to the intensification of anthropogenic activities in these forests, the logging impact on this biodiversity remains poorly known. This study was conducted in two different community forests located in the Kompia and Nkolenyeng villages, respectively. It aims to provide information on the state of the flora and plant structure of the community forests subjected to logging activities. Floristic inventories were carried out in nine biotope types using the variable-area sampling method. A total of 2772 individuals with dbh ≥ 10 cm were recorded in the community forests. In the whole biotopes, the species richness ranges from 19 to 98 species, the Shannon diversity index from 3.63 to 5.99 and the Pielou evenness from 0.65 to 0.93. The density of trees ranges from 73 ± 27 to 661 ± 119 stems ha-1 , the basal area from 15.68 ± 13.14 to 70.05 ± 28.76 m² ha-1 , the mean diameter of 18.85 ± 4.80 to 57.39 ± 20.70 cm and the canopy height from 12.26 ± 1.22 to 25.18 ± 1.02 m, on the average between biotopes. The two community forests showed decrease in tree density, a proliferation of the pioneer species, increase of small-diameter light-demanding species, a scarcity of large-diameter trees, and lowering of canopy height. These changes could compromise the sustainable management of these forests and their ability to ensure long-term local development. The large number of useful species identified in the two community forests is a reason to reinforce the preservation and management measures of the plant biodiversity of these forest areas.
Percepciones Y Caracterización De Pastizales En Los Cantones Joya De Los Sachas Y Francisco De Orellana
Authors: Marcillo Raúl Lorenzo González , Pupo Juan Rafael Perez
Published: September 2018

This paper focuses on determining the perception and characterization of the pastures in the farms of livestock producers and researchers in the Canton Sachas and Francisco Orellana, Province of Orellana, Ecuador. Their objective was to understand the use and management of Amazonian tropical pastures. Seventeen cattle farms of 8 communities were characterized to observe the characterization of the farmers, land use, use of forage banks, pasture management, and bovine cattle housing. A semi-structured interview was designed to collect primary information about the problem under investigation. When characterizing the farmers in relation to land use, before 47.5% of the producers were engaged in agriculture, today 85.9% carry out livestock work with silvopastoral practices. Only 14.1% were dedicated to agriculture and the production of coffee and cocoa. Regarding the use of feed banks, 35.29% have more food for their animals, while 5.88% have better environmental conditions. In addition, 77.6% of the farmers mentioned that they have improved their production with the use of the feed bank. In conclusion, the results indicate that small and medium producers can benefit from silvopastoral systems as an alternative to improve production and not affect the environment.
Zinc(II) complexes of 3,10-C-meso-2,5,5,7,9,12,12,14- octamethyl-1,8-diaza-4,11-diazoniacyclotetradecane as its bis(acetate) trihydrate, [LBH2][CH3COO]2.3H2O: Synthesis, Characterization and antimicrobial studies
Authors: Biswas Foni B. , Rabi Saswata , Barua Kanak , Roy Tapashi G. , Palit Debashis , Dey Benu K.
Published: September 2018

One isomeric ligand, LB among three isomers (LA, LB and LC) of 2,9- C-meso-2,5,5,7,9,12,12,14-octamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecanes, differing in the orientation of methyl groups on the chiral carbon atoms) on interaction with vinyl acetate produces 2,9-C-meso-2,5,5,7,9,12,12,14- octamethyl-1,8-diaza-4,11-diazoniacyclotetradecane as its bis(acetate) trihydrate, [LBH2][OOCCH3]2.3H2O. This ligand salt trihydrate reacts with Zn(CH3COO)2.2H2O to produce square pyramidal monoacetatozinc(II) acetate complex [ZnLB(CH3COO)](CH3COO), which undergoes anion exchange reaction with NaClO4.6H2O to produce monoacetatozinc(II) perchlorate complex, [ZnLB(CH3COO)](ClO4). The complex, [ZnLB(CH3COO)](ClO4) undergoes axial substitution reactions with KSCN, NaNO2 and KNO3 to form the substitution products, [ZnLB(NCS)](NCS), [ZnLB(NO2)](ClO4) and [ZnLB(NO3)](ClO4) respectively where CH3COOis replaced by NCS- , NO3 - and NO2 - . All these complexes have been characterized on the basis of analytical, spectroscopic, conductometric and magnetochemical data. The antifungal and antibacterial activities of these compounds have been studied against some phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria.
Optimisation De La Production De Pepiniere De Tomate Sous Abri A Abidjan Sud De La Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Amidou Ouattara , Réné Nganzoua Kouamé , Olayossimi Adechina
Published: September 2018

This study was focused in Abidjan district, located in Laguna region of Côte d’Ivoire. The aim was to determine an innovative method of growing tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill) plant nursery that involves creating optimized aerial and root zone environments. This research was carried out during two successive seasons : 2015 wet season (may to august) and 2016 dry season (january to february). The tomato variety was hybrid Lindo. The plant germination, survey characters and plant vigor at each growing season as influenced by the controlled environment agriculture were identified using a completely randomized designs with four replications. The results showed a significant variability in plant germination, height, and growth vigor. Tomato plant nursery as influenced by controlled environment agriculture create optimized aerial and root zone environments, focusing on growth benefits and limited environmental impact.
PERSONAL HYGIENE REMAJA PUTRI KETIKA MENSTRUASI
Authors: Pythagoras Katarina Canggih
Published: September 2018

Adolescence is a transitional period from childhood to adulthood. In the transition, there are three stages that include growth process, development, and maturation of genital hormones, namely the primary and secondary change. Male and female adolescent also happen to experience these changes. However, the female adolescents are in a higher risk for having reproductive tract infection. The continuous reproductive tract infection can result in infertility until pregnancy occurs outside the womb. The causes of reproductive tract infection vary, such as improper personal hygiene behavior. Such behavior includes replacing sanitary napkin less than four times in a day, using inappropriate pad material, often using antiseptics to treat genetal, not replacing underwear twice a day, not changing sanitary napkin for each 1-hour to 2-hour usagein the first day of menstruation, and not replacing sanitary napkin after urinating, defecate, and bathing.The study aims at describing the behaviour of female adolesenctsaboutpersonal hygiene during menstruation in SMPN 2 Kras, Kediri district. The study uses descriptive research design. The population of the study is female adolescents at class VII and VIII with the total of 191 students. The study collects data from 130 respondents by using Simple Random Sampling. The result of general behaviour of female adolescents’ personal hygiene during menstruationshows 47 percentsalready meet the criteria, while 26 percents sufficiently meet the criteria, and 27 percentsdo not meet the criteria. It is suggested thatschool collaborates with local area health institutionsin providing basic activities to overcome such health problem. These activities can be done through communication, information and education (IEC) along with the distribution ofposter and leaflet about reproductive health especially personal hygiene during menstruation. Keywords: female adolescents’ behaviour, personal hygiene menstruation
FILM PENDEK TENTANG MENDUKUNG ODHA UNTUK SISWA SMA ANTARTIKA SURABAYA
Authors: Fahri Ahmad
Published: September 2018

Discrimination to PLWHA (People Living With HIV&AIDS) still happen today. The lack of information about PLWHA and HIV&AIDS being caused to discrimination. So it need a health promotion which aim to increase people’s knowledge. Media which used determine success of information delivery to students in Antartika high school Surabaya, which is close to high frequency of PLWHA place in Surabaya. This research is implemented using Research and Development (R&D) design which aiming to develop a short film to promote health. The research use quesionnaire which given to 69 students. And an interview aiming to get characteristic of the targets. Beside it also conducted an expert review to get a feedback for the prototype and short film media that have been developed.Students of Antartika high school need to get information about PLWHA discrimination, HIV transmission, and the medium that bring HIV. Short flm that has been produced is adapted by students characteristic that loving Indonesian films with action genre and using bahasa. The film media has duration within 5 minutes and have a message that we must supporting PLWHA, not avoid them, using morale approach that aim targeting group that watching the film get a morale value.Keyword: health promotion media, PLWHA, discrimination, film
TREM-1; is It a Pivotal Target for Cardiovascular Diseases?
Authors: Kouassi Kouassi T. , Gunasekar Palanikumar , Agrawal Devendra K. , Jadhav Gopal
Published: September 2018

Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) are still menacing and killing adults worldwide, notwithstanding the tremendous effort, to decrease their related mortality and morbidity. Lately, a growing body of evidences indicated that inflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and complications of CVDs. A receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells -1 (TREM-1) was shown to induce and to amplify the inflammation in both acute and chronic diseases pathogenesis and progression and hence it is one of the important factors that complicates CVDs. Thus, studies endeavored to investigate the role played by TREM-1 in CVDs with respect to their etiologies, complications and possible therapeutics. We examined here, for the first time, the most relevant studies regarding TREM-1 involvement in CVDs. We summarized the finding after critically analyzing them and made some suggestions for furtherance of the investigations with the aim to utilize TREM-1 and its pathways for diagnostic, management and prognosis of CVDs. Overall, TREM-1 was found to be involved in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic cardiovascular conditions like Acute myocardial infraction (AMI) and atherosclerosis as well. Although most therapeutic approaches are yet to be elucidated, present research outcome displays a promising future to utilize TREM-1 pathway as potential target to understand and manage CVDs.
Efficiency of Using Smart-Mobile Phones in Accessing Agricultural Information by Smallholder Farmers in North Kordofan – Sudan
Authors: Hamad Mohammed Adam Abbas , Eltahir Muneer , Ali Adam Elradi Mohamed , Hamdan Adam Muhana , Elsafi Amgad Ahmed Hamad
Published: September 2018

The access to agricultural information in Sudan continues to be challenging to farmers due to use of inadequate sources and traditional extension approaches. The rapid growth of smart-mobile phones usage in developing countries resulted in several advantages compared to other alternatives in term of costs, geographic coverage and ease of use. This research was conducted in North Kordofan Sate to explore the role of smart-mobile phone in accessing agricultural information. Primary data were obtained by structured questionnaires and focus group discussion through participatory rural appraisal and observation while secondary data were collected from scientific journals, books and authenticated web sources. A number of 230 respondents (10% from total farmers) were interviewed and five focus group discussions were done. Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS) version 22 was used to analyze the data with aid of descriptive statistics and Chi-squire Test. The result indicated that most of the respondents fall in age group between 21-40 years, and they depend on farm activity. There was 90% of farmers processed mobile phone since more than three years ago, 90.8%continuedto use smart mobile phone to access agricultural information and showed positive contribution towards income generation. The results also revealed that there was positive perception towards using mobile phones which showed more efficient in use than radio and TVs. The results showed great advantages of using smart mobile phone where 75.2 % of respondents preferred to get agricultural information, logistics and other needs through successful communication in the mid of agricultural season. Results of Chi-squire test showed significant differences between the parameters tested. The study recommended that farmers should be connected with mobile phones to admit ease communication with agricultural extension offices and quick access to their needs and logistics.
Prediction of Sugarcane Yield by Soil Attributes under Straw Removal Management
Authors: Satiro Lucas Santos , Cherubin Maurício Roberto , Lisboa Izaias Pinheiro , de Souza Noia Rogério , Cerri Carlos Clemente , Pellegrino Cerri Carlos Eduardo
Published: September 2018

Core Ideas

Soil changes induced by short‐term sugarcane straw removal did not influence the crop yield.

The yield of sugarcane straw and stalk can be predicted using soil attributes under fields managed with straw removal.

Meteorological conditions may alter the straw/stalk ratio and thus influence the sugarcane straw yield.

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) straw removal from the field has the potential to produce short‐term gains at the cost of long‐term sustainability. The objective of this study was (i) to develop a model capable to predict sugarcane yield (straw and stalk) by soil attributes and (ii) to discover why yields are minimally impacted following straw removal. In this 2‐yr experiment, the sugarcane straw removal effects on crop yields and soil attributes were investigated at two sites, Valparaíso and Capivari, in southeastern Brazil. Soil samples from the 0–5, 0–10, 0–20, and 0–30 cm were analyzed for C, N, Ca, Mg, P, K, pH, bulk density (BD), and soil penetration resistance (PR). The data were subjected to descriptive statistical, geostatistical, correlation and regression analyses. The findings showed that the straw and stalk yield can be predicted using soil attributes data at sites where the straw is removed. The best modeling coefficients for stalk yield were obtained using soil data from the 0–20 cm layer. The straw removal induced reduction in soil C, chemical and physical quality (0–5 cm) depending on site, but did not result in lower yields. The research findings provide important information that will lead to sustainable bioenergy production in Brazil.
Conservation Tillage Impacts and Adaptations in Irrigated Corn Production in a Humid Climate
Authors: Anapalli Saseendran S. , Reddy Krishna N. , Jagadamma Sindhu
Published: September 2018

Core Ideas

No‐till land management (NT) decreases corn production in a humid climate.

The reasons for reduced yield were investigated by integrating system models with experiments.

Soil N deficiencies under NT possibly contributed to the yield decrease.

Split application or enhancing N rate can compensate for the yield decrease under NT.

We initiated a long‐term experiment in 2008 on 1.25‐ha farm‐scale plots to assess the production impacts of no‐till with full residue retention (NT) system over a conventional tillage (CT) system under irrigated corn (Zea mays L.) production on a Dundee silt loam soil in a humid climate. Data collected in the experiment from 2009 to 2015 were mainly confined to grain yield at harvest. In 2016 and 2017, additional data were collected including soil surface crop residue mass and soil surface residue cover; corn leaf area index (LAI) and biomass; soil water, temperature, N, C, and bulk density (Db); and the corn phenology. In 7 out of 9 yr (2009–17), harvested grain yields under NT were significantly lower than those harvested under CT. To investigate the possible reasons for the yield decreases under NT, we integrated the experiment with the Root Zone Water Quality Model to synthesize information on the various components in the system. The N loss to runoff and deep percolation, denitrification caused by higher soil water content, and a low N mineralization rate caused by lower soil temperatures under NT potentially contributed to the observed grain yield decrease under this treatment. Simulations showed that an additional N application at 40 kg ha−1 at planting or a split application of 50 kg ha−1 at planting and the remaining 174 kg ha−1 in the second week of May could make the yield return under NT comparable to that under CT.
Effectiveness of Vegetated Buffer Strips in Controlling Legacy Phosphorus Exports from Agricultural Land
Authors: Habibiandehkordi Reza , Lobb David A. , Owens Philip N. , Flaten Don N.
Published: September 2018

The continued phosphorus (P) impairment of freshwaters and the associated risk of eutrophication raise questions regarding the efficiency of current beneficial management practices (BMPs) for improving water quality. Vegetated buffer strips (VBSs) are widely encouraged BMPs for reducing P export from agricultural land. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding the long‐term efficiency of VBSs for reducing legacy P losses. This research used soil analyses to investigate the P removal efficiency of an unmanaged VBS for controlling P loss from agricultural land in Manitoba, Canada, between 1954 and 2011. The results showed statistically significant retention of total P, Olsen extractable P, and 0.01 M CaCl2 extractable P by a 5‐m wide VBS compared with field soils. We found that surface soils at 5‐m into the VBS had a significantly greater P sorption capacity and a smaller degree of P saturation (DPS) than adjacent field soils. The elevated DPS in field soils is likely associated with gradual P enrichment as a result of manure or fertilizer application over time and the strong affinity of P compounds for soil. Although P stratification in the VBS over 57 yr resulted in a significant increase (∼11%) in DPS of VBS topsoil compared with VBS subsoil, our findings do not support the saturation of VBS soils with P. However, cutting and removal of vegetation from VBS could be a useful strategy to remove P from VBS and minimize possible P remobilization associated with vegetation senescence, especially where the climate is cold and runoff is dominated by snowmelt.

Core Ideas

Vegetated buffer strips (VBSs) reduced legacy P losses from adjacent land.

VBS soils had a significantly greater P sorption capacity than field soils.

VBS soils had a significantly smaller degree of P saturation than field soils.

VBS soils did not get saturated with P exports from adjacent land even after 57 yr.
QTL Mapping of Resistance to Bean Weevil in Common Bean
Authors: Kamfwa Kelvin , Beaver James S. , Cichy Karen A. , Kelly James D.
Published: September 2018

The common bean weevil (Acanthoscelides obtectus [Say]) is an important postharvest pest of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seed. To expand the current knowledge of resistance to A. obtectus, a quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis was conducted using a common bean population of 210 F4:5 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross of Solwezi, a susceptible bean landrace from Zambia, with breeding line AO‐1012‐29‐3‐3A that possesses resistance to A. obtectus. This population was genotyped with 5398 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, and evaluated for resistance to A. obtectus and seed weight. Three QTL for resistance to A. obtectus were identified on chromosomes Pv04 and on Pv06. One of the QTL on Pv04, named as AO4.1SA, was previously reported as the arcelin, phytohemagglutinin and α‐amylase, (APA) resistance locus. The other two QTL for resistance to A. obtectus are new. In addition, four QTL for seed weight were identified on Pv04 (SW4.1SA), Pv07 (SW7.1SA), Pv08 (SW8.1AN,SA), and Pv09 (SW9.4SA). The AO4.1SA and SW4.1SA QTL for A. obtectus resistance and seed weight, respectively, co‐localized on Pv04. Once markers linked to the identified QTL for resistance are validated, they could potentially be used in marker‐assisted breeding to accelerate development of common bean cultivars with resistance to A. obtectus.
Using the X‐ray computed tomography method to predict the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the upper root zone in the Loess Plateau in China
Authors: Li Tongchuan , Shao Ming'an , Jia Yuhua , Jia Xiaoxu , Huang Laiming
Published: September 2018

Core Ideas

Computed tomography (CT)‐measured properties were in the order: soil under Q. liaotungensis > P. tabuliformis > C. korshinskii > M. sativa.

The parameters measured by CT could help estimate saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) in the Loess Plateau.

Macropore quantity has a higher R2 for predicting Ksat than the morphology of macropores.

The recovery of natural vegetation significantly improves soil macroporosity through root decay and biological activity. Macropores are preferential pathways for the movement of water to deep soil. However, the quantification of soil macropore structure and its relationship with soil hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) are not well understood. We characterized the macropores under different vegetation types to evaluate the effects of macropores on Ksat. Undisturbed soil cores were collected from four treatments: areas dominated by Quercus liaotungensis Koidz.(QLI), Pinus tabuliformis Carrière (PTA), Caragana korshinskii Kom. (CKO), and Medicago sativa L.(MSA). A medical computed tomography (CT) scanner was used to acquire images with a voxel size of 0.977 by 0.977 by 1.000 mm for depths of 0 to 360 mm. We used ImageJ software to quantify the macropore properties. Soil structure and Ksat improved with the succession of vegetation. The mean macropore volume fraction across the soil cores for the QLI, PTA, CKO, and MSA treatments were 6.6, 3.5, 1.3, and 0.6% within a 4900‐mm2 area, respectively. Macropore quantity (volume fraction and number) had a higher R2 for predicting Ksat than macropore morphology (branch density, connectivity density, and junction density). Moreover, the grayscale values were negatively correlated with Ksat and accounted for 78.8% of the variation in Ksat. Grayscale values, volume fraction, and the number of macropores were the best combination of CT‐measured parameters for predicting Ksat, accounting for 81.9% of the variation in Ksat. The CT‐measured parameters could be used to estimate Ksat in the upper root zone in the Loess Plateau.
A háztartás- és családszerkezeti változások hosszútávú trendjei Magyarországon európai kontextusban: teóriák, tévképzetek, tények
Authors: Harcsa István , Monostori Judit
Published: September 2018

Tanulmányunk célja az európai családszerkezeti változásokat magyarázó főbb elméletek áttekintése, és azok hazai relevanciájának vizsgálata. Fő tételünk, hogy Európában és az egyes országokban is egyszerre vannak jelen konvergens és divergens folyamatok, amelyek lehetetlenné teszik, hogy egységes európai családmodellről, egy irányba tartó folyamatokról beszéljünk. Szintén szerteágazóak és különböző módon összekapcsolódóak a háztartás- és családszerkezeti változásokat meghatározó makro- és mikrofolyamatok, strukturális, intézményi és értékváltozások. A háztartásszerkezeti változások értelmezésénél nem lehet figyelmen kívül hagyni, hogy – hosszabb távon – a társadalmakban nagyon komoly szerkezeti-változások (kor struktúra, iskolai végzettség szerinti összetétel) történtek, amelyek önmagában befolyásolják az együttélési formákat. Ezeknek a vizsgálata rendkívül fontos, hiszen csak ez adhat választ arra a kérdésre, hogy egyegy együttélési forma elterjedése annak köszönhető, hogy az a legkülönbözőbb társadalmi rétegekben is jellemzőbbé válik, vagy pedig annak, hogy az a társadalmi csoport, amire az adott együttélési forma jellemző volt, elterjedt a társadalomban.
Könyv
Authors: Horváth Gergely Krisztián
Published: September 2018

Demeter Gábor – Bagdi Róbert: A társadalom differenciáltságának és térbeli szerveződésének vizsgálata Sátoraljaújhelyen 1870-ben (A GIS lehetőségei a történeti kutatásokban). k.n., Debrecen– Budapest, 2016.
Strategically Placed Trifluoromethyl Substituent in the Realm of Antitubercular Drug Design
Authors: Kar Sidhartha S. , Thomas Cinu A.
Published: September 2018

Background:

Fluorinated substituents have played, and continue to play an important role in antitubercular drug design. Nonetheless, previous works have indicated that organofluorines like –F, CF3, -OCF3, and CHF2 etc have been used to modulate the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic behaviour of antitubercular agents. Among the fluorinated groups, trifluoromethyl (-CF3) substituent is a very familiar pharmacophore used widely in antitubercular research.

Objective:

This review assesses the development of selected trifluoromethyl group bearing antitubercular agents that are either in treatment or considered to be potential. The prime objective of the present investigation was to provide initial evidences for the hypothesis that addition of trifluoromethyl group to antiTB agents could improve their potency. We also aimed to contribute to a better understanding of the role of trifluoromethyl group on drug-likeness antitubercular activity.

Methods:

In this review, we first brief out the possible effect of –CF3 substituent on pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of drugs. Next, we turn to emphasize on the effect of trifluoromethyl substituent on different antitubercular scaffolds. Finally, we open the topic for the researchers to design potential antitubercular agents suitably substituted with fluorinated groups.

Results:

This review suggests that the replacement of –CF3 group in heterocyclic as well as phenyl ring led to the improvement in pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of the compounds. Hence it's not surprising to see –CF3 group emerging as an alternative electron withdrawing group instead of halogens in many promising antitubercular agents.

Conclusion:

This unusual spectrum of advantage allied with its lipophilicity enhancing effect, made –CF3 group distinct from other substituents in modern antitubercular drug design. The present study provides conceptual advances to the understanding of the physicochemical properties of –CF3 group and its effect on antitubercular activity.
Power Experimental Optimization of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine
Authors: Ameziane Sadek , Chikhi Abdesselem , Aggouner Mohammed Salah
Published: September 2018

Background:

The presented article is a contribution to the realization of a wind emulator
based on a continuous-current machine. The development of this topic focuses on the modeling of a
vertical axis wind turbine, a DC motor with independent excitation and its control via a chopper.

Methods:

To carry out this work, we have studied and designed the electronic and mechanical sensors
as well as a command implemented on the dSPACE DS1103 system.

Results:

The main purpose of this work is related, on one hand, to the control of the motor turbine
by imposing the wind profile and on the other hand generate the command of the implanted MPPT.
The experimental results obtained showed the great performances which characterize this improved
wind energy system.

Conclusion:

Finally, a wind turbine with variable speed is a system having a complex model; however,
a detailed model of the interaction between the wind and the aero-turbine is useful to understand
certain phenomena such as rotational sampling or the spatial filter.
Assessment of Selective Withdrawal and Inflow Control on the Hydrodynamics and Water Quality of Ilam Reservoir
Authors: Dehbalaei Fereshteh Nourmohammadi , Javan Mitra
Published: September 2018

The hydrodynamics and water quality of Ilam reservoir, consisting of three main inlet branches and two outlets, was simulated with the CE‐QUAL‐W2 model. After calibrating and verifying the numerical model, effects of various management scenarios (selective withdrawal, controlling water inflow, and their combinations) were investigated on thermal stratification and water quality. The total reduction of nutrient loads derived from the Chaviz and Ema rivers decreased the total phosphorus concentration. The chlorophyll a concentration of this scenario increased less than in other scenarios. Variation of the withdrawal elevation from the surface to the bottom significantly facilitated the heat conduction of the water column, therefore, the thermal and dissolved oxygen stratification was weakened. The best management scenario was a combination of water withdrawal from the bottom and surface and total reduction of nutrient loads derived from Chaviz and Ema rivers because of improving eutrophication, thermal, and dissolved oxygen stratification in Ilam reservoir.
CCl4‐Enhanced Ultrasonic Irradiation for Ciprofloxacin Degradation and Antibiotic Activity
Authors: Wei Hong , Shi Jingzhuan , Yang Xiaoyu , Wang Jiawei , Li Kebin , He Qiang
Published: September 2018

In this study, an ultrasound/CCl4 system was used to degrade the fluoroquinolone antibiotic, ciprofloxacin, in aqueous solution. The effect of CCl4 concentration and initial solution pH on ciprofloxacin degradation were investigated. The results showed that ciprofloxacin degraded effectively under an ultrasound/CCl4 system, with degradation efficiency increasing from 0.51% to 50.92%, when the CCl4 concentration ranged from 0.0 to 41.4 mmol/L in 40 min. Radical scavenging experiments certified that both •OH and chlorine‐containing radicals contributed to ciprofloxacin degradation. Eight intermediates were detected using ultra high‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐MS) method, including three chloro‐intermediates. Based on these results, the possible degradation pathways of ciprofloxacin are proposed. Agar diffusion tests with E. coli and S. aureus showed that ciprofloxacin's antibacterial activity was completely removed in 40 min. This study indicates that an ultrasound/CCl4 system can degrade ciprofloxacin and remove its antibacterial activity, and thus is a promising process for treating fluoroquinolone antibiotics in wastewater.
Acute Impact of Chlortetracycline on Nitrifying and Denitrifying Processes
Authors: Pulicharla Rama , Zolfaghari Mehdi , Brar Satinder Kaur , Drogui Patrick , Auger Serge , Verma Mausam , Surampalli Rao Y.
Published: September 2018

In the current study, sequential nitrification and anoxic experiments in synthetic municipal wastewater were exposed to 0.5 to 100 mg/L of chlortetracycline for 24 h to evaluate acute impact on the nitrification, and denitrification processes of biological treatment. Both processes were significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited at >50 mg/L of chlortetracycline, and the results revealed that nitrification was adversely affected by chlortetracycline compared with the anoxic process. In nitrification, chemical oxygen removal (COD) and ammonia oxidation kinetics were 50% inhibited at 10 mg chlortetracycline/L, and nitrite oxidation kinetics at 0.5 mg chlortetracycline/L. Likewise, in the anoxic process, 14 and 10 mg/L of chlortetracycline inhibited 50% of COD removal and nitrate reduction kinetics, respectively. In nitrification and denitrification, 90% of chlortetracycline was removed by adsorbing onto sludge suspended solids. In addition, a higher chlortetracycline concentration in anoxic effluent, compared with aerobic effluents, indicated a dissimilarity in the composition of sludge solids, pH, and biomass production for both processes.
Free Chlorine Disinfection of Full‐Scale MBR Effluent to Achieve 5‐Log Virus Inactivation
Authors: Ikehata Keisuke , Li Yuan , Komor Andrew T. , Gibson Gregory W.
Published: September 2018

A series of full‐scale testing was performed at the City of Lathrop Consolidated Treatment Facility to determine the “concentration times time” (Ct) value for free chlorine disinfection of nitrified membrane bioreactor (MBR) effluent to achieve more than 5‐log virus inactivation. The full‐scale testing consisted of tracer study, chlorine decay study, and virus seeding study. The virus seeding study was performed at a flow rate of 1 million gal/d (3800 m3/min), which corresponded to a theoretical contact time of 117 minutes in the chlorine contact basin. It was found that Ct values as small as 3 mg·min/L were sufficient to achieve 5‐log inactivation of MS2 bacteriophage in this study, which is comparable to the results of previous bench‐ and pilot‐scale free chlorine disinfection studies on nitrified MBR effluent (3 to 40 mg·min/L), as well as those of pilot‐ and full‐scale studies on granular media‐filtered nitrified effluent (2 to 22 mg·min/L).
Validation of an mHealth App for Depression Screening and Monitoring (Psychologist in a Pocket): Correlational Study and Concurrence Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Ramos Roann Munoz , Cheng Paula Glenda Ferrer , Jonas Stephan Michael
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND

Mobile health (mHealth) is a fast-growing professional sector. As of 2016, there were more than 259,000 mHealth apps available internationally. Although mHealth apps are growing in acceptance, relatively little attention and limited efforts have been invested to establish their scientific integrity through statistical validation. This paper presents the external validation of Psychologist in a Pocket (PiaP), an Android-based mental mHealth app which supports traditional approaches in depression screening and monitoring through the analysis of electronic text inputs in communication apps.

OBJECTIVE

The main objectives of the study were (1) to externally validate the construct of the depression lexicon of PiaP with standardized psychological paper-and-pencil tools and (2) to determine the comparability of PiaP, a new depression measure, with a psychological gold standard in identifying depression.

METHODS

College participants downloaded PiaP for a 2-week administration. Afterward, they were asked to complete 4 psychological depression instruments. Furthermore, 1-week and 2-week PiaP total scores (PTS) were correlated with (1) Beck Depression Index (BDI)-II and Center for Epidemiological Studies–Depression (CES-D) Scale for congruent construct validation, (2) Affect Balance Scale (ABS)–Negative Affect for convergent construct validation, and (3) Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) and ABS–Positive Affect for divergent construct validation. In addition, concordance analysis between PiaP and BDI-II was performed.

RESULTS

On the basis of the Pearson product-moment correlation, significant positive correlations exist between (1) 1-week PTS and CES-D Scale, (2) 2-week PTS and BDI-II, and (3) PiaP 2-week PTS and SWLS. Concordance analysis (Bland-Altman plot and analysis) suggested that PiaP’s approach to depression screening is comparable with the gold standard (BDI-II).

CONCLUSIONS

The evaluation of mental health has historically relied on subjective measurements. With the integration of novel approaches using mobile technology (and, by extension, mHealth apps) in mental health care, the validation process becomes more compelling to ensure their accuracy and credibility. This study suggests that PiaP’s approach to depression screening by analyzing electronic data is comparable with traditional and well-established depression instruments and can be used to augment the process of measuring depression symptoms.
Correlates of Stress in the College Environment Uncovered by the Application of Penalized Generalized Estimating Equations to Mobile Sensing Data (Preprint)
Authors: DaSilva Alex W , Huckins Jeremy F , Wang Rui , Wang Weichen , Wagner Dylan D , Campbell Andrew T
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND

Stress levels among college students have been on the rise for the last few decades. Currently, rates of reported stress among college students are at an all-time high. Traditionally, the dominant way to assess stress levels has been through pen-and-paper surveys.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to use passive sensing data collected via mobile phones to obtain a rich and potentially less-biased source of data that can be used to help better understand stressors in the college experience.

METHODS

We used a mobile sensing app, StudentLife, in tandem with a pictorial mobile phone–based measure of stress, the Mobile Photographic Stress Meter, to investigate the situations and contexts that are more likely to precipitate stress.

RESULTS

Using recently developed methods for handling high-dimensional longitudinal data, penalized generalized estimating equations, we identified a set of mobile sensing features (absolute values of beta >0.001 and robust z>1.96) across the domains of social activity, movement, location, and ambient noise that were predictive of student stress levels.

CONCLUSIONS

By combining recent statistical methods and mobile phone sensing, we have been able to study stressors in the college experience in a way that is more objective, detailed, and less intrusive than past research. Future work can leverage information gained from passive sensing and use that to develop real-time, targeted interventions for students experiencing a stressful time.