bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CORREDORES URBANOS COMO CONECTORES DE VIDA PÚBLICA. DIAGNÓSTICO DE LOS CORREDORES URBANOS CENTRALES EN LA AVENIDA 24 DE MAYO, AZOGUES
Authors: Benavides-Benavides Lizeth Fernanda , Cabrera-Jara Natasha Eulalia , Campoverde-Bermeo María Belén
Published: December 2021

El cambio de modelo urbano asumido durante el siglo XX, trajo un sinnúmero de problemas como la priorización del vehículo, por lo que en la última década han surgido esfuerzos para dotar de importancia al ciudadano de a pie, en el espacio público. Esta investigación estudió las condiciones físico-espaciales de un corredor urbano donde el modelo centrado en el vehículo se acentúa, con la fnalidad de generar posibles estrategias que reviertan esta situación. Se tomó como caso de estudio a la Av. 24 de Mayo, en Azogues, y se lo analizó mediante una metodología mixta, que evaluó, detalladamente, tres zonas de estudio, determinando que la falta de accesibilidad y conectividad y el modelo de movilidad defendido por la ciudadanía, en general, infuyen directamente en las condiciones del espacio público peatonal y por ende en la habitabilidad urbana, perjudicando los desplazamientos a pie.
Palabras clave: Espacio público; habitabilidad urbana; conectividad; accesibilidad; percepción.
AbstractThe change of urban model assumed during the 20th century, brought countless problems such as the prioritization of vehicles, so in the last decade eforts have emerged to give importance to the citizen on foot in the public space. This original research studied the relationship of urban habitability with the physical-spatial conditions of an urban corridor, where the vehicle-centered model is accentuated, to generate possible strategies to reverse this situation. The Av. 24 de Mayo in Azogues was taken as a case study and analyzed using a mixed methodology that evaluated in detail three study areas, determining that the lack of accessibility and connectivity and the mobility model defended by citizens in general have a direct infuence on the conditions of the pedestrianpublic space and, therefore, on urban habitability, which afects walking
Keywords: Public space; urban habitability; connectivity; accessibility; perception.
TRANSPORTE, MOVILIDAD Y ACCESIBILIDAD: CAMPOS Y MÉTODOS EMERGENTES PARA EL ANÁLISIS GEOGRÁFICO CONTEMPORÁNEO
Authors: Cortés-Salinas Alejandro , Rojas-Symmes Loreto
Published: December 2021

El transporte, la movilidad y la accesibilidad son hoy campos relevantes para comprender la relación sinérgica que existe entre los sistemas de desplazamiento, la distribución de la oferta de bienes y servicios y los comportamientos que los ciudadanos realizan (o no) en sus territorios.
El presente trabajo, a partir de una revisión bibliográfica, da cuenta de la relevancia de estos temas para disciplinas como la geografía, así como la pertinencia de los métodos para el abordaje de desafíos en el ámbito de la investigación académica, como del diseño y operación de sistemas de transporte, planes de infraestructura o instrumentos de ordenamiento territorial.
De forma complementaria, el trabajo releva la nueva oportunidad de reflexionar respecto de estos campos temáticos, destacando sus tensiones, restricciones y mutaciones, a la luz de ciudades que crecen y se complejizan cada vez más rápidamente, instalando nuevos desafíos en la concreción de desarrollos urbanos más accesibles y sostenibles.
Palabras clave, poner: Transporte, movilidad, accesibilidad, análisis espacial.
Abstract:

Transportation, mobility and accessibility are re- levant fields for understanding the synergetic be- tween travel systems, the distribution of the supply of goods and services and the behavior of citizens in their territories. This work, based on a bibliographic review, shows the relevance of these issues for disci- plines such as geography, as well as the relevance of the methods for addressing challenges in the field of academic research, such as design and operation of transportation systems, infrastructure plans or ins- truments of land use planning.
Additionally, this work proposes to reflect on the- se thematic fields, highlighting their tensions, res- trictions and mutations, in view that cities grow and become increasingly complex, generating new cha- llenges in the realization of more accessible and sus- tainable urban developments.
Keywords: Transportation, Mobility, Accessibility, Spatial Analysis.
CHEPECLETAS: UN COLECTIVO A FAVOR DE LA MOVILIDAD URBANA SOSTENIBLE
Authors: Parajeles-Jiménez Laura , Silva-Jiménez Cristian
Published: December 2021

En Costa Rica se encuentra el colectivo ChepeCletas que ha encauzado sus esfuerzos en mejorar la calidad del ambiente, a través del uso de bicicletas y las caminatas, así como la recuperación de espacios para la intervención pública, con el fn de convertir a la capital en un espacio para todas las personas. Por tanto, este artículo realizó un análisis dentro del colectivo, basado en los marcos de referencia de diagnóstico, pronóstico y motivo, dando como resultado mayor conciencia del impacto ambiental que genera el uso excesivo de vehículos privados, la construcción de un grupo que se siente como familia, incrementando el empoderamiento ciudadano para el cambio social, así como el interés por la ciudad y la necesidad de retomar los espacios que siempre fueron públicos; pero habían sido olvidados. Utilizar los marcos de referencia permite comprender, desde la visión de los integrantes, qué es, qué permite y qué se hace en dicho colectivo. Sumado a esto, se debe recalcar que este artículo aporta nuevos conocimientos respecto del tema, visualiza otra forma de hacer política desde abajo y crea  espacios que integran cada día a más personas.
Palabras clave: Movilidad, acciones colectivas, ambiente, política.
AbstractIn Costa Rica, where the ChepeCletas collective is  to be found, eforts have been channeled to improve the quality of the environment by  using bicycles and walking, as well as the recovery of spaces bound for public intervention to turn the capital into a space for all people. Therefore, this article conducts an analysis within the group based on the diagnostic, prognostic and motive reference frameworks which result in a greater awareness of the environmental impact than the excessive use of private vehicles generates. Additionally, the  onstruction of a group that feels like family increasing citizen empowerment for social change, as well as interest in the city and the need to retake spaces that were always public but had been forgotten. The use of reference frames allows us to understand, from the point of view of the members, it’s nature, what allows it to be and what is done in said group. In addition to this, it should be emphasized that this article provides new knowledge on the subject, visualizes another way of doing politics from below and creates spaces that integrate more people every day.
Keywords: Mobility, collective actions, environment, politics
Modern Management: Methods of Managing the Clinical and Diagnostic Center «Med-Art» with a Patient Orientation and Resource Saving
Authors:   Med-Art Medical Center, LLC, Puchnin V.V. , Savkova V.M. ,   Postgraduate Institute for Public Health Workers under Health Ministry of Khabarovsk Krai, Savkov D.S. ,   Far Eastern State Medical University under Health Ministry of Russia
Published: December 2021

In modern conditions, the effectiveness of the functioning of any medical organization is determined not only by the availability of the latest equipment and qualified personnel, but also by the introduction of innovative technologies in medicine and management
Curling Sporcularının Mental Dayanıklılık Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Süleymanoğulları Mesut , Tozoğlu Erdoğan
Published: December 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı, curling sporcularının mental dayanıklılık düzeylerinin demografik ve spora ilişkin bazı değişkenler açısından istatistiksel olarak incelenmesidir. Araştırma, tekil tarama modelinde nicel bir çalışmadır. Çalışmaya aktif olarak curling sporu yapan 38’ü kadın, 53’ü erkek olmak üzere toplam 91 sporcu dâhil edilmiştir. Veri toplamak amacıyla araştırmacı ve uzman görüşü ile oluşturulan kişisel bilgi formu dışında Sporda Mental Dayanıklılık envanteri (Pehlivan ve Dinç, 2017) kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonrasında, erkek sporcuların bağlılık alt boyutunda mental dayanıklılık düzeylerinin kadın sporcuların düzeylerinden daha yüksek olduğu; ayrıca milli curling sporcularının güven alt boyutunda mental dayanıklılık düzeylerinin milli olmayan curling sporcuların düzeylerine göre daha yüksek olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, bu araştırma sonrasında örneklem grubumuzu oluşturan curling sporcularının sahip olunan yeteneklere olan inancı koruma ve rakiplerinin kendisini korkutmasına izin vermeme beceri düzeylerine ilişkin puan ortalamalarının nispeten daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Ancak hedefe bağlı kalma ve kontrolü kaybetmeme beceri düzeylerine ait puan ortalamalarının ise düşük olduğu görülmüştür.
Changing Scenario of Crop Diversification in Nepal: Delineating the Role of Trade Openness, Urbanization and Rural Infrastructure
Authors: GHOSH Bidyut
Published: December 2021

Crop diversification in the farming sectors has been accepted to be a wise strategy for augmenting the farmers’ income level as well as for mitigating the challenges for climatic change worldwide. Considering the importance of crop diversification both from the view points of farmers and environmental aspects, this paper using the secondary data tries to find out the pattern of growth of area, production, and yield of the major crops in Nepal, and at the same time, it makes an attempt to examine the crop pattern changes in Nepal along with its determining factors including both demand and supply-side factors. The growth analysis reveals that for most of the crops the second sub-period of 1986 – 2007 was the best in terms of the growth of production as compared to the other two-subperiods (1961 – 1985 and 2008 – 2017). The crop pattern of Nepal over the years shows that though the food grain crops still dominate the crop mix of the economy, there is clear evidence of necessary intercrop substitution where the traditional food grain crops are being replaced by commercial cash crops. Tea has come up with a big way in Nepal commercial cash crop production. Also, the crop diversification indices measured by the Herfindahl index and Shannon index, show a rising trend in diversification pattern during the nineties. Urbanization, better infrastructural supports in terms of better technology, irrigation coverage has been found to provide a significant positive impact on the diversification process. However, the trade openness is not found to be beneficial for Nepal’s agricultural sector diversification process as does the policy reforms in the post-political reforms.
Detection of Vortex Cavitation With The Method Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Networks in the Deep Well Pumps
Authors: DURDU Akif , ÇELTEK Seyit Alperen , ORHAN Nuri
Published: December 2021

Nowadays submersible deep well pumps are the most used irrigation systems in agriculture field. Efficient operation and economical life of pumps is an important issue. One of the most important parameters affecting pump efficiency and life is cavitation The cavitation is one of the problems frequently faced in the pump systems that widely used in the agriculture field. The cavitation could cause more undesired effects such as loss of hydraulic performance, erosion, vibration and noise. This paper presents a novel model for the detection of vortex cavitation in the deep well pump used in the agriculture system using adaptive neural fuzzy networks. The data submergence, flow rate, power consumption, pressure values, and noise values used for training the ANFIS (Adaptive-Network Based Fuzzy Inference Systems) network are acquired from an experimental pump. In this study, we use to the sixty-seven data for training process, while the fifteen data have used for testing of our model. The average percentage error (APE) has obtained as 0.08 % and as 0.34 % respectively for 67 training data and for 15 test data. The performance of the implemented model shows the advantages of ANFIS. The result of this study shows that ANFIS can be successfully used to detect vortex cavitation. This paper has two novel contributions which are the usage of noise value on cavitation detection and find out cavitation by using adaptive neural fuzzy networks. During the cavitation, the pump parameters must change by controller for prevent unwanted pump errors. The strategy proposed could be preliminary study of automatic pump control. Also proposed novel control strategy can be used for cavitation control in agriculture irrigation pumps, because of easy set up and no need extra cost. The ANFIS based model has real-time applicable thanks to rapid and easy control. It is possible to set safe boundaries in submergence in this model. Thus, users by adjusting controllable parameters can prevent cavitation and increase pump efficiency.
What Impact of Social Networks on Farmers' Performances. Case of The Milk Sector in Ghardaïa, Algeria.
Authors: NECHAR Manal , ASSASSİ Sami , BENDRİSSOU Mohammed
Published: December 2021

In many developing countries, farmers are struggling to improve their productivity and economic performance. This is due to the markets' imperfections, including information market. Numerous empirical studies point to the limitations of the so-called conventional information system set up by public institutions, which forces farmers to bear significant additional transaction costs to access information. These limits have led to the emergence of other modes of information transfer, of which collaboration seems to be the most successful. Social networks, by their very conception, have allowed this mode to materialise and develop rapidly. Algeria is no exception, since these techniques are found in some of the country's agricultural contexts. By analyzing the dairy value chain in the wilaya of Ghardaïa (South of the country), we evaluate in this study the impact of the use of social networks on farmers' performance. We surveyed 50 farmers in the region, randomly selected using the snowball method – one respondent leads to another. The results highlight the relevance of information obtained from social networks, which allows farmers to make savings (13,000 DZD per year per dairy cow: production and transaction costs) and technical changes, and thus leads to a significant improvement in productivity and economic performance (net profit per year per dairy cow: 170,000 DZD versus 78,000 DZD, net profit per litre of milk: 20 DZD versus 11 DZD respectively). The study shows, however, that the use of social networks is not generalized and remains subject to structural variables specific to farmers such as age and level of education.
Kirece Bir Alternatif Olarak Şlam Uygulamasının Asit Reaksiyonlu Toprakta Biber (Capsicum annuum var. cerasiforme) Bitkisinin Beslenmesine Etkileri
Authors: YAĞMUR Bülent , OKUR Bülent , OKUR Nur
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışmada; farklı form, miktar ve kombinasyonlarda kireçleme materyalleri (granül ve toz) ile şeker fabrikası atığı şlam uygulamalarının asit reaksiyonlu bir toprağın pH, mineral madde içeriği ile biber bitkisinin verim ve besin madde içeriği üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Araştırma saksı denemesi şeklinde serada yürütülmüştür. Araştırma materyali toprağın pH’sını bir birim yükseltmek için (pH 5.50’den pH 6.50’e) gerekli olan kireç ihtiyacı hesaplandıktan sonra deneme konuları oluşturulmuştur. Deneme konuları K (Kontrol), TK (Toz Kireç; %90 CaCO3, %5 MgCO3), GK (Granül Kireç; %90 CaO), ŞL (Şlam), ¼ TK+¾ ŞL, ½ TK+½ ŞL, ¾ TK+¼ ŞL, ¼ GK+¾ ŞL, ½ GK+½ ŞL ve ¾ GK+¼ ŞL şeklinde saptanmıştır. Araştırmada toprak pH’sını bir birim yükseltmek için yapılan hesaplama sonucunda saksılara 300 kg. da-1 hesabı ile kireç uygulanmış ve saksılar bir ay süre ile inkübasyona bırakılmıştır. Saksılara biber fidesi dikiminden önce temel gübreleme (N, P, K) yapılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre; toprak pH’sının yükselmesinde en fazla etkili uygulama toz kireç olmuş, granül kirecin ise şlam ile aynı etkiyi gösterdiği saptanmıştır. pH’sı 5.50 olan kontrol toprağının pH’sı TK uygulaması ile 6.42’ye, ½ TK+½ ŞL uygulaması ile de 6.41’e kadar çıkarılması sağlanmıştır. Uygulamalar gerek toprağın makro ve mikro (toplam N, faydalı P, Ca, Fe ve Zn ) gerekse bitkinin makro ve mikro besin element (toplam N, P, Fe, Cu, Zn ve Mn) içeriklerini kontrole oranla önemli oranlarda artırmıştır. Biber verimini artıran ilk üç uygulama ise TK > ŞL > GK şeklinde bir sıralama göstermiştir. Araştırma sonucunda asit reaksiyonlu topraklarda kireç uygulamalarının yanı sıra, şlamın da alternatif bir kireç materyali olarak tarımsal alanlarda kullanılabilme potansiyeli bulunduğunu göstermiştir.
Yoğun Sulama Uygulamalarının Taban Suyu Kalitesi ve Derinlikleri Üzerine Olan Zamansal ve Mekansal Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Akarsu Sulama Birliği Sahası Örneği
Authors: ÇETİN Mahmut , KAMAN Harun , SESVEREN Sertan
Published: December 2021

Yoğun sulama uygulamalarının yapıldığı tarımsal havzalarda kimi sorunlar meydana gelebilmektedir. Sulama şebekesindeki ve sulama yönetimindeki eksiklikler, düşük sulama randımanı, ağır toprak bünyesi ve tarla içi drenaj sistemlerinin yetersizliği vb. nedenler topraklarda tuzlanma, drenaj ve taban suyu tuzluluğu sorunlarına neden olmaktadır. Anılan sorunlar, bitkisel üretimi olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Bu nedenle, zaman ve mekan boyutundaki taban suyu gözlemleri, sürdürülebilir su kaynakları yönetimi için son derece önemli bilgilerin elde edilmesini sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, geniş bir sulama havzasında taban suyu seviyesi ve taban suyu kalitesinin zaman ve mekan boyutunda değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma, Türkiye’nin güneyinde Aşağı Seyhan Ovası’nda (ASO) yer alan, Akarsu Sulama Birliği (ASB) sahasında yürütülmüştür. Araştırma alanı, 60 yıldan bu yana sulanmaktadır. Sulama şebekesi, üreticilerin gece ve gündüz sulama uygulamalarını sürekli yapabilmeleri için “devamlı akış yöntemi”ne göre işletilmektedir. Taban suyu derinliği ve taban suyu kalite gözlemleri 108 adet drenaj gözlem kuyusunda yapılmıştır. Gözlemler, yılda dört farklı dönemde (şubat, nisan, temmuz ve ekim aylarında) gerçekleşmiştir. Kış yağışlarının, araştırma alanın üçte birinden fazlasında, aşırı drenaj sorununa neden olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Akarsu Sulama Birliği sahasının kuzey kesimlerinde, taban suyu derinliğinin kritik seviyelerde (< 1 m) olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Taban suyu tuzluluğu alansal ortalamaları, kritik değer olan 5 dS m-1 ile karşılaştırıldığında oldukça düşük bulunmuştur. Bununla birlikte, ortalama taban suyu tuzluluğu kış aylarında yağışların seyreltme etkisi nedeniyle en düşük değere ulaşmıştır. Alanın %15-26’sında, kış ayı hariç yıl boyunca her zaman taban suyu tuzluluğu >5 dS m-1 değerlerini almıştır. Taban suyundaki toplam çözünmüş tuzlar (TDS), sulama mevsiminin sonunda en yüksek seviyeye ulaşmıştır. Alansal ortalama taban suyu alkaliliği (Sodyum Adsorpsiyon Oranı-SAR), eşik SAR değerinin altında (SAR
Santrifüj Gübre Dağıtma Makinesinde İki Farklı Tahrik Sistemin Uygulamasının Karşılaştırılması
Authors: MERT Cengiz , AYBEK Ali , KUZU Hamza
Published: December 2021

Birçok tarım makinesi (toprak frezeleri, ekim, gübreleme, ilaçlama, sulama, biçme balyalama, silaj vb. makineler) traktör kuyruk milinden hareket alarak çalıştırılmaktadır. Traktör kuyruk milinden hareket, bir mafsallı mil (ara mil) ile tarım makinelerine aktarılmaktadır. Mafsallı mille hareket iletiminde, mekaniksel olumsuzlukların yanında, çalışma sırasında operatörün sağlık ve güvenliğini etkileyecek gürültü, titreşim ve mile dolanma riskleri de vardır. Bu çalışmada, santrifüj gübre dağıtma makinesine traktör kuyruk milinden verilen harekete alternatif olarak oluşturulan hidrolik bir sistemin, açık devre hidrolik sisteme sahip traktörün hidrolik sistemine bağlanarak çalışması sağlanmıştır. Her iki hareket iletimi (mafsallı mil ve hidrolik motor) durumlarında makinenin çalışma koşullarında; gübre dağılım düzgünlüğü, traktör yakıt tüketimi, oluşan gürültü ve titreşim değerleri belirlenerek karşılaştırılmıştır. Mekanik sistemli çalışmada ortalama gürültü düzeyi; makine üzerinde 91.01 (dBA), traktör kabini içerisinde ise 81.93 (dBA) olarak belirlenmiştir. Hidrolik sistemli çalışmada ise ortalama gürültü düzeyi; makine üzerinde 81.15 (dBA), traktör kabini içerisinde ise 71.85 (dBA) olarak belirlenmiştir. Mekanik sistemin toplam titreşim ivmesi makine üzerinde 68.36 m s-2, traktör sürücü koltuğunda ise 3.23 m s-2 olmakta iken hidrolik sistemin toplam titreşim ivmesi makine üzerinde 60.02 m s-2, traktör sürücü koltuğunda ise 2.64 m s-2 olarak belirlenmiştir. Hidrolik sisteme sahip makinenin gübre dağılım düzgünlüğü açısından mekanik sisteme göre önemli bir farklılığı olmadığı, ancak yakıt tüketimi ve traktör sürücüsünün sağlığı açısından önemli olan gürültü ve titreşim değerleri bakımından daha uygun olduğu belirlenmiştir. Gübre dağıtma makinelerinin hidrolik sistem ile çalıştırılması makinenin hem verimini hem de etkinliğini arttırabilecek ergonomik açıdan da alternatif bir sistem olabilecektir. Traktör kuyruk milinden hareket alan diğer makinelerin de hidrolik motor uygulamaları ile çalıştırılmaları konusunda çalışmalar yapılabilir.
Creating a Solar Radiation Measuring System (SRMS) Operated by a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)
Authors: USTA Selçuk , GENÇOĞLAN Cafer , GENÇOĞLAN Serpil
Published: December 2021

In this study, it is aimed to create a PLC controlled SRMS to be used in rural areas. Firstly a SRMS hardware was prepared consisting of power supply, PLC, analogue module and pyranometer units. Then, a SRMS software was written using CODESYS programming language to measure and record data and to control the hardware by PLC. SRMS software firstly collected the solar radiation in cumulatively by measuring every 30 minutes during the one-day period, and determined the daily total solar radiation. Then it calculated the daily average solar radiation by dividing the daily total solar radiation by the number of measurements. It recorded the daily total and average solar radiation amounts on the SD card. SRMS was tested in Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University (KSU) during the July-November period of the 2019. The daily average solar radiation data recorded at KSU were compared with the data measured in the same period at the Eastern Mediterranean Transition Area Agricultural Research Institute (DAGTEM), located 10 km away. The daily average solar radiation data measured in KSU and DAGTEM varied between 3.63-33.48 MJ m-2 day-1 and 3.00-33.00 MJ m-2 day-1, respectively. Five-month averages of daily solar radiation data measured at both regions were determined 20.20 MJ m-2 day-1 and 19.64 MJ m-2 day-1, respectively. The difference between the mean of KSU and DAGTEM data groups was not found to be statistically significant (p> 0.05). This result revealed that the daily average solar radiation values measured in both regions can be used interchangeably. As an expression of the deviation between data groups measured in both regions, the MAPE and RMSE were determined as 14.57% and 2.68 MJ m-2 day-1. The compatibility level of the data groups was obtained as “good” (MAPE= 10-20%). It was concluded that SRMS could measure the daily average solar radiation with high accuracy and could be used in sensitive measurements.
Antep Fıstığı Kabuğu ve Zeytin Küspesinden Biyoyakıt Amaçlı Pelet Elde Edilmesi
Authors: DEVELİ Hatice Cansu , AYBEK Ali , ÜÇOK Serdar
Published: December 2021

Ülkemizde önemli bir potansiyele sahip olan bitki atıklarının biyoyakıt amaçlı enerji kaynağı olarak kullanılması önem kazanmaktadır. Bu atıklardan enerji elde etmek için birçok yöntem bulunmakta olup bu yöntemlerden bir tanesi de peletlemedir. Bu çalışmada Antep fıstığı işleme ve kavlatma tesisinden alınan Antep fıstığı kabuğu (AK), zeytinyağı işleme tesisinden alınan zeytin küspesinden (ZK) biyoyakıt amaçlı pelet elde edilmesi ve elde edilen peletlerin fiziksel, kimyasal ve mekanik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Denemelerde materyallerin 5 farklı oranda (%100 AK, %75 AK+%25 ZK, %50 AK+%50 ZK, % 25AK+%75 ZK ve %100 ZK) karıştırılması ile peletler elde edilmiştir. Peletleme işlemi 6 kW motor gücüne sahip ve işleme kapasitesi 70-90 kg h-1 olan dairesel sıralı delikli düz kalıplı peletleme makinesinde yapılmıştır. Çalışmada pelet parça yoğunluğu 973.70-1191.96 m3 kg-1, kırılma direnci %99.21-99.87 ve nem alma oranı %19.12-22.24 arasında bulunmuştur. Maksimum pelet parça yoğunluğu %100 ZK karışımında, dikey basma gerilme direnci %100 AK’de materyalinde meydana gelmiştir. Peletlerin nem içeriği değerleri Avrupa Pelet Konseyince belirlenen standartlara uygun bulunmuştur. En düşük uçucu madde miktarına sahip materyal %100 AK’de iken, en yüksek uçucu madde miktarına sahip materyal %25 AK+%75 ZK’de görülmüştür. Maksimum dikey sıkıştırma direnci %100 AK’de gerçekleşmiştir. Peletlerin kül içeriği değerleri %5.97 ile %10.08 arasında bulunmuştur. Kırılmaya karşı en hassas materyal %50 AK+%50 ZK olurken kırılmaya karşı en dayanıklı materyal %100 AK olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Pelet çap ve uzunlukları EN16127 standardına uygun olduğu görülmüştür. Dikey sıkıştırma dirençleri ise 157.17-235.08 N arasında değişmiştir. Değerler birbirine yakın olmakla birlikte en fazla nem alma %100 ZK’de gözlenmiştir. Ülkemizde potansiyel ve çeşitliliği fazla olan yeterince değerlendirilemeyen biyoyakıt kaynakları; pelet haline getirilerek ülke ekonomisine katkı sağlayabilir.
Marjinal Arazi Koşulları ve Ekim Zamanının Mentha × piperita’nın Verim ve Kalitesine Etkileri
Authors: SOLTANBEİGİ Amir , ÖZGÜVEN Menşure
Published: December 2021

Marjinal arazi koşullarında yürütülen bu çalışmada 2 farklı ekim zamanının (sonbahar ve ilkbahar) Tıbbi Nane (Mentha × piperita L. var. Mitcham)’nin verim ve kalitesi üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Deneme Doğu Akdeniz’in Çukurova Bölgesinde tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre üç tekrarlamalı olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuçlara göre en yüksek bitki boyu (43 cm), taze herba verimi (12763 kg ha-1), kuru herba verimi (3407 kg ha-1), kuru yaprak verimi (1976 kg ha-1) ve uçucu yağ verimi (56.3 Lt ha-1) ilkbahar ekimlerinde saptanmştır. En yüksek uçucu yağ oranı 1. biçimlerde saptanarak, ekim zamanı açısından önemli bir fark bulunmamıştır. Deneme genelinde en yüksek uçucu yağ oranı % 4.0 olarak saptanmıştır. Yıl bazında ilk biçimlere ait verim değerleri daha yüksek bulunarak, denemenin son hasadına doğru verimde düşüş izlenmiştir. Gaz kromatografisi analizi sonuçlarına göre, oksijenli monoterpenler, M. × piperita uçucu yağının (% 74.21-80.86) major kimyasal bileşen grubunu oluşturmuştur. En yüksek oksijenli monoterpenler, her iki ekim sezonunda da 1. biçimlerde saptanmıştır. Menthol (% 23.2-37.46) ve menthone (% 22.82-31.56) major bileşenler olarak belirlenmiştir. Menthol oranı sonbahar plantasyonunda daha yüksek bulunmakla birlikte, bu oran her yıl bir öncekine göre düşüş göstermiştir. Biçimler ilerledikçe menthone oranı da yükselmiştir. Menthone arttıkça, menthol’da düşüş gerçekleşmiştir. α-Pinene (% 2.33-5.61), limonene (% 0.63-4.13), 1,8-cineole (% 5.22-9.98), menthofuran (% 1.47-4.72), isomenthone (% 1.14-5.95), menthyl acetate (% 2.14-5.2) ve neomenthol (% 1.09-2.5) diğer önemli bileşenleri olarak tespit edilmiştir. Marjinal arazi şartlarında yetişen M. × piperita’ya ait tarımsal verim nispeten düşük olsa da kalite bakımından üstün bulunarak, standartlara uyumlu olmuştur. M. × piperita kültürü su sorunu olmayan marjinal arazilerde ekonomik açıdan uygundur.
Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) Ortamında Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesiyle (AHP) Organik Gübre Üretim Tesisi Uygunluk Analizi: Tekirdağ İli Örneği
Authors: GÜRKAN Burak , ÖDEKER Bengisu , KATIRCIOĞLU Hikmet
Published: December 2021

Organik gübre üretim tesislerinin yer seçimi, tarımsal işletmeler ve tarım sektörü açısından kritik öneme sahip bir konudur. Tesis yerinin uygunluk analizi sonucuna göre seçilmesinin tarım sektörüne ve çevreye nasıl bir katkı sağlayacağı üzerinde durulan bu çalışmada, Tekirdağ ili çalışma alanı olarak seçilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda Analitik Hiyerarşi Sürecinde temel ve alt kriterler belirlenmiş, alt kriter grupları içerisindeki organik gübre tesisi sayısı adet olarak belirtilmiştir. Ortaya çıkan kriterler önem derecelerine göre yeniden sınıflandırılmıştır. Temel kriterler: fiziki, çevresel ve sosyo-ekonomik kriterler; alt kriterler ise eğim, yükseklik, büyük toprak grupları, arazi kullanımı, arazi kullanım kabiliyeti sınıfları, kara-demir yollarına, limanlara, yerleşim merkezlerine ve elektrik enerjisi iletim hatlarına mesafe olarak belirlenmiştir. Her bir kriter için tutarlılık oranları hesaplanmıştır. Analitik Hiyerarşi Sürecinde hesaplanan kriter ağırlıkları Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri ortamında ArcGIS 10.5 yazılımı ile çakıştırılmış ve organik gübre tesisi için uygunluk haritası elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda Tekirdağ ilinin %81.01’i çok yüksek-yüksek-orta uygunluk göstermekte ve mevcut organik gübre tesisleri bu alanlarda bulunmaktadır. İlin %8.20’si çok düşük uygunlukta bulunmuştur. Bunun sebebi de bu bölgelerin milli park ve ormanları barındırmasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Bir organik gübre tesisinin tarım alanı yakınında olması ham maddeye yakınlık açısından uygun olup ülkeye ekonomik girdi kapsamında da sürdürülebilirliği ifade etmektedir. Bu çalışmada ulusal/uluslararası tarım işletmeleri uygun alan seçimi karar mekanizmasında kullanılmak üzere CBS ortamındaki AHP yöntemi, Tekirdağ ili örneği üzerinden önerilmektedir. Günümüzde uygun alan seçimi karar mekanizmalarında genellikle çevre etki değerlendirme raporları dikkate alınmaktadır. Ancak bu raporlarda veya karar mercilerinde AHP ve benzeri matematiksel modellemeler kullanılmamaktadır. Bu çalışmada örnek bölge seçilen Tekirdağ iline (%75.11’i tarım alanı, toprağı %90 yetersiz organik madde) dair modellemeden elde edilen verilere göre organik gübre ihtiyacını karşılayacak tesis sayısının güneybatı bölgesinde de kurularak sayısının arttırılması önerilmektedir.
Yield and Yield Components of White Lupine Under Different Ecological Conditions
Authors: PÁL Vivien , BASAL Oqba , ERDŐS Zsuzsa , VERES Szilvia , ZSOMBİK László
Published: December 2021

White lupine (Lupinus albus L.), with its favorable agrotechnical specifications, is a very important legume. Its water demand is relatively low, yet fluctuations in water amount and/or distribution during its life cycle might influence its performance. An experiment was carried out at 3 locations in Hungary; “Debrecen”, “Jobbágyi” and “Nyalka” in 2020 to investigate certain yield components performance; namely pod number plant-1, seed number plant-1, seed weight plant-1 and 1000-seed weight, as well as the final seed yield of white lupine (cv. Nelly). In addition, the average seed size (calculated as a percentage from the final seed yield) was also calculated. Soil was slightly alkaline in “Nyalka”, whereas it was acidic in the other 2 locations. Precipitation was higher in “Debrecen” from April to July. Results showed that “Debrecen” location had significantly higher pod number plant-1, seed number plant-1 and seed weight plant-1, leading to significantly higher seed yield compared to “Jobbágyi” and “Nyalka” locations. Seed yield was strongly-positively correlated with most of the seed component traits. In addition, “Debrecen” location had the highest average of bigger seeds (over 9 mm) and the lowest average of smaller seeds (between 3.5 – 9 mm). It could be concluded that white lupine performance in the study areas is highly associated with both the precipitation amount and distribution throughout the plant’s vegetative period, as well as with the soil pH. More thorough studies concerning potential enhancements in white lupine’s growth and yield with the availability of specific nourishers might be an additional database enrichment, especially with the lack of such data in the studied areas
Comparison of Blue Basin Traps on Capturing the Adults of Tropinota hirta (Poda, 1761) (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae) at Three Different Heights in Cherry Orchards
Authors: ÖZPINAR Ali , ŞAHİN Ali Kürşat , POLAT Burak
Published: December 2021

In this study, the effect of five different hues of blue colored basin traps at different heights on capture rates of Tropinota (Epicometis) hirta (Poda, 1761) (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae) adults in a cherry garden in Çanakkale (Ezine-Akköy) province, was investigated. Basin traps, which were painted with blue colors coded as #B4C8E1, #C4D5E3, #A6CDE3, #4D9AC9 and #05467A, and made from 35x25x15 cm sized basins, were used to capture T. hirta adults. The trial was conducted on a 21 da cherry orchard with 5 years old Regina cultivar trees on Maxima 14 rootstock. It was planned with three repetitions, traps were mounted on platforms on wooden stakes placed between two trees with 10 m space with other traps at three different heights as; on ground level (0 cm), on 50 cm and 100 cm from ground level, on 22 March, 15 days before the trees bloomed with a total of 45 traps. The basin traps were filled with 1/3 of water and licensed attractants (100 mg Trans-Anethol + 100 mg Cinnamyl Alcohol) are added to the traps. The samplings were done with an interval of 2 days and the adults caught in the traps were recorded. The adult flight period was determined from the number of T. hirta adults caught in different blue colored traps at three heights. A total of 3828 adults were captured in all traps. 73.45% of the total adults caught in the traps were found before flowering period (before April 7th). The difference between the numbers of adults caught in traps at three heights was statistically significant. Highest number of adults was caught on the ground level (0 cm) in the #C4D5E3 code trap (429 adults) and this trap was followed by the trap #B4C8E1 at 50 cm height (384 adults). The number of adults caught by all traps at 100 cm height was lower than the other two heights. As a result, traps color and heights were found to be different in catching T. hirta adults in cherry orchard. With these results in mind, there is a strong possibility to use #C4D5E3 coded traps (Light grayish blue) successfully in cherry orchards against T. hirta adults in the future.
Trade-offs between environmental and economic factors in conversion from exotic pine production to natural regeneration on erosion prone land
Authors: Lambie Suzanne , Awatere Shaun , Daigneault Adam , Kirschbaum Miko , Marden Michael , Soliman Tarek , Spiekermann Raphael , Walsh Patrick
Published: December 2021

Background: Some of New Zealand’s exotic pine (Pinus radiata D.Don) forests were planted for erosion mitigation but cultural, legislative, environmental, and profitability limitations in some parts of the landscape have led to reassessment of their suitability. There is limited information to support landowner decisions on the viability of natural regeneration of native forest post-pine-harvest.
Methods: We evaluated scenarios of post-harvest natural regeneration, compared to remaining in pine production, using erosion susceptibility determined from historical occurrence of landslides, gullies and earthflows, biophysical growth modelling of mānuka–kānuka (Leptospermum scoparium-Kunzea ericoides (A.Rich) Joy Thomps.) shrubland using the process-based CenW model, and cost-benefit analyses using NZFARM with two land use change scenarios, at two levels of erosion mitigation ± honey profits.
Results: In our study area, the Gisborne Region (North Island of New Zealand), ~27% of the land has moderate–very high susceptibility to landslides, 14–22% a high probability of contributing material to waterways, and 19% moderate–very high gully erosion susceptibility. Pines grow 10 times faster than naturally regenerating mānuka–kānuka shrubland, but mānuka–kānuka is used for honey not wood production. Natural regeneration resulted in losses of $150–250 ha-1 yr-1 compared to the current profitability of pine production. Honey production offset some reduction in pine revenue, but not fully. Thus, the viability of shifting from pines to native forest is highly dependent on landowner impetus and value for non-market ecosystem services (such as cultural and biodiversity values) provided by native forest.
Conclusions: A mosaic of land uses within a property may sufficiently offset income losses with other benefits, whereby highly erosion-prone land is shifted from rotational pine forest production to permanent native forest cover with honey production where possible. At the regional scale in Gisborne, the conversion of the most highly susceptible land under production forestry (315–556 ha) to natural regeneration has the potential for wider benefits for soil conservation reducing erosion by 1–2.5 t yr–1 of sediment facilitating achievement of cleaner water aspirations and habitat provision.
Análisis ontosemiótico de prácticas que involucran la elaboración y validación de conjeturas: una tarea formativa para futuros profesores
Authors: Markiewicz María Elena , Etchegaray Silvia Catalina
Published: December 2021

En este trabajo describimos el diseño, la implementación y los resultados de una tarea formativa para estudiantes del profesorado en matemática, en la que se promueve el análisis ontosemiótico de prácticas de estudiantes de la escuela secundaria ante un problema aritmético que requiere formular y validar conjeturas. Se incluye el análisis a priori de la tarea formativa, un estudio de casos, más precisamente la resolución de la tarea por parte de un estudiante del profesorado y una síntesis de los resultados obtenidos de su implementación. Se revelan algunas dificultades en el reconocimiento de ciertos objetos, procesos y conflictos semióticos por parte de los futuros profesores en este tipo de problemas, lo cual plantea la necesidad de continuar incentivando el desarrollo de conocimiento didáctico para la formación profesional.
Alveolar Type II Cells and Pulmonary Surfactant in COVID-19 Era
Authors: CALKOVSKA A , KOLOMAZNIK M , CALKOVSKY V
Published: December 2021

In this review, we discuss the role of pulmonary surfactant in the host defense against respiratory pathogens, including novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. In the lower respiratory system, the virus uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor in conjunction with serine protease TMPRSS2, expressed by alveolar type II (ATII) cells as one of the SARS-CoV-2 target cells, to enter. ATII cells are the main source of surfactant. After their infection and the resulting damage, the consequences may be severe and may include injury to the alveolar-capillary barrier, lung edema, inflammation, ineffective gas exchange, impaired lung mechanics and reduced oxygenation, which resembles acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) of other etiology. The aim of this review is to highlight the key role of ATII cells and reduced surfactant in the pathogenesis of the respiratory form of COVID-19 and to emphasize the rational basis for exogenous surfactant therapy in COVID-19 ARDS patients.
Effects of water hardness on the toxicity of heavy metals to Daphnia magna
Authors: Zhuravleva Marina V. , Vorobieva Olga V. , Isakova Evgenia F.
Published: December 2021

The paper presents a comparative study of the toxicity of chromium and molybdenum, carried out in hard aquarium 0,14⁰Clark and soft natural 8,2⁰Clark waters. A decrease in water hardness leads to an increase in the acute toxicity of metals, which is expressed in a decrease in the values of semi-lethal concentrations by 3 times for molybdenum and 25 times for chromium.The results obtained show that the toxicity of metals can differ significantly in waters with different hydrochemical compositions. The data presented in the work can be used in the development of regional MPC standards.
Effect of spectral composition of light on the production characteristics of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis
Authors: Klochkova Viktoria S. , Bogacheva Elizaveta A. , Lelekov Alexander S.
Published: December 2021

The study of the growth of the batch culture of Spirulina platensis with different spectral composition of LED and luminescent radiation in plane-parallel photobioreactors was carried out. In the experiments, we used LED lamps LCD Feron LB-213 10 W, as well as fluorescent lamps TDM Electric 18 W. It has been shown that the maximum productivity of A. platensis does not depend on the radiation spectrum and is 0,25 g·l-1·day-1 at an energy of 45 W·m-2. In the linear phase of growth, the efficiency of light energy conversion (efficiency of photobiosynthesis) was calculated, taking into account that the culture absorbs 90% of the incident light: the maximum value was obtained for LED and fluorescent lighting (23 W·m-2 and 17 W·m-2 respectively), which turned out to be the same and amounted to about 3,78 %. The minimum efficiency of 2,69% is obtained with fluorescent lighting at 34 W·m-2.
Fiber-optic communication line application for towed underwater vehicles
Authors: Lesin Andrei V. , Anisimov Ivan M.
Published: December 2021

Utilization of towed unmanned vehicles for seabed relief survey in real time requires the use of technologies that allow high-speed, stable data transfer between the underwater towed body and the carrier vessel. This paper discusses technical solutions used to provide a unified communication system based on fiber optic technologies for towed vehicles manufactured in Institute of oceanology.
Environmental risk assessments for contrasting Arctic shelf ecosystems
Authors: Solovjova Natalia V.
Published: December 2021

The article presents environmental risk assessments for two types of contrasting ecosystems of the Arctic shelf: highly productive and low-productive. Calculations were carried out using a probabilistic risk model with variations in the impact on the ecosystem from stressors, taking into account the risks from the technological processes of extraction and transportation of mineral resources of the shelf. Comparison of the results of risk modeling for highly productive and low-productive ecosystems showed that due to the low productivity of marine ecosystems, reliability requirements for technological processes ensuring the safety of resource development should not be reduced. The nontrivial conclusion obtained confirms the nonlinearity of the ecosystem response to impacts, which justifies the involvement not only of expert assessments, but also of all available methods, including modeling, to minimize the risks of Arctic resource development.
Results of a secular study of some features of the biology of the muksun population Coregonus muksun of the Ob-Irtysh basin
Authors: Kassal Boris Yu.
Published: December 2021

Muksun spawned in the Ob River and its tributaries and overwintered in the river and in the Ob Bay, making various migrations. Under the influence of anthropogenic factors, there was a decrease in the number, to the threat of almost complete disappearance of the population. A retrospective systemic analysis of the peculiarities of the existence of the muksun population should become the basis for a strategy for its restoration and rational use.
Atmospheric circulation and variability of meteorological elements in near-shore Black Sea region
Authors: Titov Vitaliy B. , Kuzevanova Natalya I.
Published: December 2021

Effect of solar radiation and atmospheric circulation on variability of air temperature, atmospheric pressure, and rainfall in near-shore Black Sea region was examined. The action of the latitudinal position of trajectory cyclonic and anticyclonic movements and their times of occurrence in seasonal variability of meteorological elements was established. Three factor action on cyclonican and anticyclonic movement latitudinal position was determined. This is air temperature (year cycle), North-Atlantic oscillation, and lunar weather tides. Seasonal times of occurrence of cyclon and anticyclone, movements of southerly and northerly trajectories, and variability of atmospheric pressure and rainfall in near-shore Black Sea region was estimated.
Rehabilitation aspects of nutritional correction after extensive combined sequity resection
Authors: Kostyuchenko L. N. , Lychkova A. E.
Published: December 2021

The purpose is the tactics of nutritional rehabilitation after extensive intestinal resection. The metabolic characteristics of the short intestine syndrome and the consequences of combined fine-binding resections, as well as the adaptive and regenerative capabilities of the bowel, are presented. The optimal scheme of nutritional correction for the consequences of combined bowel resections is presented.

Conclusion. To stimulate adaptive-regenerative processes in the intestine, it is advisable to use teduglutide (analogue of GLP-2); if ineffective, surgical rehabilitation can be recommended.
Role of tissue molecular pathogens in development of acute chronic liver failure in alcoholic liver cirrhosis
Authors: Dudanova O. P. , Shubina M. E. , Rodina A. S. , Kurbatova I. V. , Topchieva L. V.
Published: December 2021

The aim of the study was to assess the pathogenetic, diagnostic and clinical role of tissue molecular pathogens – fragments of cytokeratin-18 in the development of acute chronic liver failure (ACLF) in decompensated alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC).

Materials and methods. 80 patients with ALC were examined: 30 without signs of ACLF and 50 with signs of ACLF and 36 healthy individuals. Hepatic functional tests were determined, a marker of hepatocyte apoptosis – fragments of cytokeratin-18 (FCK-18) (Biotech, Sweden) by the enzyme immunoassay, ACLF scores were calculated using an on-line calculator at www.efclif.com/scientific-activity/score-calculators/ clif-c-aclf.

Results. With ACLF, a high level of FCK-18 was detected – 1505.4 ± 446.9 U/L, more than 20 times higher than that in healthy individuals – 71.5 ± 19.6 U/L (p < 0.05) and three times higher than the level of FCK-18 in patients with ALC without ACLF – 489.4 ± 490.2 U/L. The levels of aminotransferases, bilirubin, creatinine, INR were significantly higher in patients with ACLF compared with patients without ACLF, and the level of albumin was lower. FCK-18 level directly correlated with ALT – r = 0.61 (p < 0.05), AST – r = 0.68 (p < 0.05), with bilirubin level – r = 0.41 (p < 0, 05) and the ACLF score – r = 0.48 (p < 0.05) and inversely correlated with the albumin level r = –0.51 (p < 0.05).

Conclusion. Apoptosis of hepatocytes and tissue molecular pathogens released during it – fragments of cytokeratin-18 – play a role in the development of acute chronic liver failure in decompensated alcoholic liver cirrhosis.
Calcium imbalance in comorbid gastroduodenal ulcers
Authors: Fomina L. A.
Published: December 2021

Purpose of the study. To study the level of blood calcium, reflecting the functional state of the calcium-regulating system (CRS), in the comorbid course of gastroduodenal ulcers (GDU) with chronic erosive gastritis / chronic erosive duodenitis (CEG/CED), arterial hypertension (AH), their symptomatic nature when taking non-steroidal drugs (NSAIDs) and find out its effect on the activity of the ulcerous process, the state of regional microcirculation and the secretory function of the stomach.

Materials and methods. 132 patients with GDU were examined. All patients were divided into groups: the first (39 people) – patients with recurrent peptic ulcer (PU) and CEG/CED, the second – 23 people with recurrent peptic ulcer and hypertension, the third – 20 patients with symptomatic gastroduodenal ulcers (SGDU) when taking NSAIDs. The fourth (control) group included 56 patients with PU without associated pathology.

Results and discussion. Recurrence of PUr, comorbid to its course with CEG/CED, AH, SGDU, when taking NSAIDs, occurs with an increase in the level of calcium in the blood, which contributes to the activation of the acid-peptic factor, impaired microcirculation and repair processes in the mucous of the gastroduodenal zone, the development and maintaining the ulcerous process.

Conclusion. Gastroduodenal ulcers are accompanied by dysfunction of the calcium regulatory system, which is characterized by an increase in blood calcium, which supports the formation of the main ulcerous mechanisms. In the treatment of comorbid and symptomatic gastroduodenal ulcers, it is necessary to include drugs for correcting the calcium-regulating system, which will increase the activity of sanogenic mechanisms.