bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In vitro rumen fermentation pattern: insights from concentrate level and plant oil supplement
Authors: Kargar Shahryar , Taasoli Golnaz , Akhlaghi Amir , Zamiri Mohammad Javad
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The addition of oil to ruminant diets and oil fatty acid profiles are major
factors that negatively affect ruminal fermentation, while increased
forage level attenuates the adverse effects. The aim of this study was to
determine the effects of oil source supplementation and concentrate level
in the diet on in vitro ruminal fermentation kinetics. Pomegranate, garlic or
sunflower oils were added (2 % dry matter (DM) basis) to the diets containing 40 % or
60 % (DM basis) concentrates. In vitro gas production parameters, pH, ammonia nitrogen
concentration and total protozoa count were measured. Additionally,
metabolizable energy (ME), short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production and
organic matter digestibility (OMD) were determined. Rumen fermentation
parameters and protozoal population counts were analyzed as a completely
randomized design with a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments,
and gas production parameters were analyzed as a 2 × 3 factorial
arrangement in a randomized block design. The results showed that the HCPO (high (60 %) concentrate diet containing
pomegranate oil)
and HCSO (high (60 %) concentrate diet containing sunflower oil) diets produced the highest (5.40 mg dL−1) and lowest (2.61 mg dL−1)
concentrations of NH3–N (p>0.01), respectively. Total
protozoa count tended (p=0.07) to be highest in HCPO and lowest in HCSO
diets (5.10 vs. 4.81 Log 10 g−1 digesta). No interaction effects between the
concentrate level and oil source were found on in vitro gas production parameters,
pH, estimated ME, SCFA and OMD, and Entodinium and Diplodinium populations (p>0.05). It
is concluded that dietary supplementation with highly unsaturated oil from
three different sources at 2 % level (DM basis) had no apparent effects on
in vitro ruminal fermentation patterns.
Spatio-temporal variation characteristics of global wildfires and their emissions
Authors: Fan Hao , Yang Xingchuan , Zhao Chuanfeng , Yang Yikun , Shen Zhenyao
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Intense regional wildfires are a common occurrence in the context of climate warming and have progressively evolved into one of the major natural disasters in terrestrial ecosystems, posing a serious hazard to the atmosphere and climate change. We investigated the spatial distribution, intensity, emission changes, and meteorological differences of wildfires in different wildfire active and wildfire-prone regions globally based on multi-source satellite remote sensing fire data, emission data, and meteorological data in order to better understand the change trend of wildfire activity at multiple spatial and temporal scales. The findings demonstrate that while the wildfire burned area (BA) has decreased slowly over the last 20 years, the wildfire burned fraction (BF), the fire count (FC), and the fire radiative power (FRP) all exhibit pronounced regional and seasonal variations. The physical characteristics of wildfires, including the BF, FC and FRP, experience greater seasonal variation as latitude increases, with summer and autumn as the reasons with the most frequent wildfires worldwide. This study also shows that the emission declined substantially between 2012 and 2020 in Northern Canada, Alaska, and Northeast China, whereas it notably increased in the Siberia region during the same period, primarily due to a rise in summer emissions. The results based on classification show that the absolute amount of CO2 produced by wildfires is the largest, and the difference among regions is relatively small. Excluding CO2, aerosol emissions (the total of OC, TC, and BC) ranged from 78.6 % to 84.2 %, while the least significant air pollutants (the total of PM2.5, SO2, and NOx) ranged from 5.8 % to 11.7 %. The abundance of vegetation predominately affects the intensity change of wildfire development, while the weather conditions can also indirectly influence the incidence of wildfire by altering the growth condition of vegetation. Correspondingly, the increase in temperature in the northern hemisphere's middle and high latitude forest regions was primarily responsible for the increase in wildfires and emissions, while the change in wildfires in tropical regions was more influenced by the decrease in precipitation and relative humidity. This study contributes to the understanding of regional variations in wildfire activity and emission variability, and provides support for the control of wildfire activity across regions and seasons.
Isothermal evaporation of α-pinene secondary organic aerosol particles formed under low NOx and high NOx conditions
Authors: Li Zijun , Buchholz Angela , Barreira Luis M. F. , Ylisirniö Arttu , Hao Liqing , Pullinen Iida , Schobesberger Siegfried , Virtanen Annele
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Many recent secondary organic aerosol (SOA) studies mainly focus on biogenic SOA particles formed under low NOx conditions and thus are applicable to pristine environments with minor anthropogenic influence. Although interactions between biogenic volatile organic compounds and NOx are important in, for instance, suburban areas, there is still a lack of knowledge about the volatility and processes controlling the evaporation of biogenic SOA particles formed in the presence of high concentrations of NOx. Here we provide detailed insights into the isothermal evaporation of α-pinene SOA particles that were formed under low NOx and high NOx conditions to investigate the evaporation process and the evolution of particle composition during the evaporation in more detail. We coupled Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsols-Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer (FIGAERO-CIMS) measurements of the molecular composition and volatility of the particle phase with isothermal evaporation experiments conducted under a range of relative humidity (RH) conditions from low RH (<7 % RH) to high RH (80 % RH). Very similar changes were observed in particle volatility at any set RH during isothermal evaporation for the α-pinene SOA particles formed under low NOx and high NOx conditions. However, there were distinct differences in the initial composition of the two SOA types, possibly due to the influence of NOx on the RO2 chemistry during SOA formation. Such compositional differences consequently impacted the primary type of aqueous-phase processes in each type of SOA particle in the presence of particulate water.
Ideas and perspectives: soil cracking should be given great attention in the collapse of Kobresia ecosystems on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Niu Yujie , Squires Victor , Hua Limin
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The Kobresia meadow in the Tibetan plateau is the world's largest and most unique pastoral alpine ecosystem, forming dense and closed ‘lawns’ mainly dominated by Kobresia species. Soil cracking induced by overstocking is an important feature of degraded alpine Kobresia meadows: it cuts the closed, intact rangeland and alters microtopography. However, soil cracks in alpine grasslands of the Tibetan plateau have rarely been reported and the importance of cracking in relation to livestock overgrazing for the degradation and collapse of alpine rangelands has not been taken seriously. In this Perspectives article, we explain the mechanisms of soil crack formation in Kobresia meadows under overgrazing; the ways in which the soil cracks affect the dynamics of hydrological processes and trigger the erosion of Kobresia turfs; and finally the effects on plant community composition and distribution. We outline the importance of recognizing soil cracks as visual indicators and early warning signs of degradation in order to recover alpine Kobresia meadows by reducing stocking rate. The purpose of this article is to emphasize that researchers and managers of alpine rangelands should pay more attention to crack phenomena in an effort to promote sustainable practices and restoration in Kobresia meadow-livestock systems.
Seasonal cycles of biogeochemical fluxes in the Scotia Sea, Southern Ocean: A stable isotope approach
Authors: Belcher Anna , Henley Sian , Hendry Katharine , Wootton Marianne , Friberg Lisa , Dallman Ursula , Wang Tong , Manno Clara
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The biological carbon pump is responsible for much of the decadal variability in the ocean carbon dioxide (CO2) sink, driving the transfer of carbon from the atmosphere to the deep ocean. A mechanistic understanding of the ecological drivers of particulate organic carbon (POC) flux is key to both the assessment of the magnitude of the ocean CO2 sink, as well as for accurate predictions as to how this will change with changing climate. This is particularly important in the Southern Ocean, a key region for the uptake of CO2 and the supply of nutrients to the global thermocline. In this study we examine sediment trap derived particle fluxes and stable isotope signatures of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and biogenic silica (BSi) at a study site in the biologically productive waters of the northern Scotia Sea in the Southern Ocean. Both deep (2000 m) and shallow (400 m) sediment traps exhibited two main peaks in POC, particulate nitrogen and BSi flux, one in austral spring and one in summer, reflecting periods of high surface productivity. Particulate fluxes and isotopic compositions were similar in both deep and shallow sediment traps, highlighting that most remineralisation occurred in the upper 400 m of the water column. Differences in the seasonal cycles of isotopic compositions of C, N and Si provide insights into the degree of coupling of these key nutrients. We measured increasing isotopic enrichment of POC and BSi in spring, consistent with fractionation during biological uptake. Since we observed isotopically light particulate material in the traps in summer, we suggest physically-mediated replenishment of lighter isotopes of key nutrients, enabling full expression of the isotopic fractionation associated with biological uptake. The change in the nutrient and remineralisation regimes, indicated by the different isotopic baselines of the spring and summer productive periods suggests to a change in the source region of material reaching the traps, and associated shifts in phytoplankton community structure. This, combined with the occurrence of advective inputs at certain times of the year, highlights the need to make synchronous measurements of physical processes to be able to better track changes in the source regions of sinking particulate material. We also highlight the need to conduct particle specific (e.g. faecal pellet, phytoplankton detritus, zooplankton moults) isotopic analysis to improve the use of this tool in assessing particle composition of sinking particulate material and develop our understanding of the drivers of biogeochemical fluxes.
Orbital CO2 reconstruction using boron isotopes during the late Pleistocene, an assessment of accuracy
Authors: de la Vega Elwyn , Chalk Thomas B. , Hain Mathis P. , Wilding Megan R. , Casey Daniel , Gledhill Robin , Luo Chongguang , Wilson Paul A. , Foster Gavin L.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Boron isotopes in planktonic foraminifera are a widely used proxy to determine ancient surface seawater pH, and by extension atmospheric CO2 concentration and climate forcing on geological time scales. Yet, to reconstruct absolute values for pH and CO2, we require a δ11Bforam-borate to pH calibration and independent determinations of ocean temperature, salinity, a second carbonate parameter, and the boron isotope composition of seawater. Although δ11B-derived records of atmospheric CO2 have been shown to perform well against ice core-based CO2 reconstructions, these tests have been performed at only a few locations and with limited temporal resolution. Here we present two highly resolved CO2 records for the late Pleistocene from ODP Sites 999 and 871. Our δ11B-derived CO2 record shows a very good agreement with the ice core CO2 record with an average offset of 4.6 ± 49 (2σ) ppm, and a RMSE of 25 ppm, with minor short-lived overestimations of CO2 (of up to ~50 ppm) occurring during some glacial onsets. We explore potential drivers of this disagreement and conclude that partial dissolution of foraminifera has a minimal effect on the CO2 offset. We also observe that the general agreement between δ11B -derived and ice core CO2 is improved by optimising the δ11Bforam-borate calibration. Despite these minor issues a strong linear relationship between relative change in climate forcing from CO2 (from ice core data) and pH change (from δ11B) exists over the late Pleistocene, confirming that pH change is a robust proxy of climate forcing over relatively short (<1 million year) intervals. Overall, these findings demonstrate that the boron isotope proxy is a reliable indicator of CO2 beyond the reach of the ice cores and can help improve determinations of climate sensitivity for ancient time intervals.
Dynamic weighted ensemble of geoscientific models via automated machine learning-based classification
Authors: Chen Hao , Wang Tiejun , Zhang Yonggen , Bai Yun , Chen Xi
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Despite recent developments in geoscientific (e.g., physics/data-driven) models, effectively assembling multiple models for approaching a benchmark solution remains challenging in many sub-disciplines of geoscientific fields. Here, we proposed an automated machine learning-assisted ensemble framework (AutoML-Ens) that attempts to resolve this challenge. Details of the methodology and workflow of AutoML-Ens were provided, and a prototype model was realized with the key strategy of mapping between the probabilities derived from the machine learning classifier and the dynamic weights assigned to the candidate ensemble members. Based on the newly proposed framework, its applications for two real-world examples (i.e., mapping global soil water retention parameters and estimating remotely sensed cropland evapotranspiration) were investigated and discussed. Results showed that compared to conventional ensemble approaches, AutoML-Ens was superior across the datasets (the training, testing, and overall datasets) and environmental gradients with improved performance metrics (e.g., coefficient of determination, Kling-Gupta efficiency, and root mean squared error). The better performance suggested the great potential of AutoML-Ens for improving quantification and reducing uncertainty in estimates due to its two unique features, i.e., assigning dynamic weights for candidate models and taking full advantage of AutoML-assisted workflow. In addition to the representative results, we also discussed the interpretational aspects of the used framework and its possible extensions. More importantly, we emphasized the benefits of combining data-driven approaches with physics constraints for geoscientific model ensemble problems with high dimensionality in space and non-linear behaviors in nature.
A mechanism of post-depositional processes affecting chlorine and its isotope in the upper snowpack of High Antarctic Plateau
Authors: Giraud Xavier , Baroni Mélanie , Traversi Rita
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The main purpose of this work is to propose a mechanism of post-depositional processes affecting chlorine and its chlorine-36 cosmogenic nuclide in the upper snowpack of the High Antarctic Plateau. We suggest that the observed decrease of total chlorine content in the upper meters of the snowpack is due to a progressive release of the HCl content from ice. We also propose a consistent framework, combining diffusion in bulk ice and snow microstructure. The observation of the low chlorine content in ice at depth leads to the robust hypothesis that the chemical equilibrium of chlorine between the ice and the snowpack interstitial air (SIA) is close to zero. HCl is thought to diffuse in ice, and to be progressively released in the SIA, and exported to the Antarctic atmosphere by the wind-ventilation. The time required to expel all the mobile species of chlorine (i.e., HCl) from snow depends on the diffusion coefficient of chlorine in ice combined with the snow grain size and its evolution with depth. This work is synthesised in a model combining the microstructure evolution of the upper meters of a snowpack (changes in mean snow grain size) and the diffusion of chlorine in ice applied to single spherical grains. The variability observed in chloride concentration profiles with depth, at a same site but different sampling time or different snow pits, or among different sites of the High Antarctic Plateau, is mostly due to the variations in initial concentrations in HCl and sodium chloride (NaCl) species and the snow grain size evolution. This model offers a common framework for understanding the fate of chlorine in Antarctica, from coastal to inland locations, including low accumulation sites on the plateau, far from the ocean. Applications of this post-depositional model to chlorine and to 36Cl allows to picture a recycling mechanism of chlorine at the scale of Antarctica. In particular, the 36Cl concentration in the surface snow of the Vostok site illustrates this recycling mechanism and the persistent contamination of inland Antarctica by anthropogenic 36Cl originating from the marine nuclear tests of the 1950s to the 1970s.
Sudden, local temperature increase above the continental slope in the Southern Weddell Sea, Antarctica
Authors: Darelius Elin , Dundas Vår , Janout Markus , Tippenhauer Sandra
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Around most of Antarctica, the Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) shows a warming trend. At the same time, the thermocline is shoaling, thereby increasing the potential for CDW to enter the shallow continental shelves and ultimately increase basal melt in the ice shelf cavities that line the coast. Similar trends, on the order of 0.05 °C and 30 m per decade, have been observed in the Warm Deep Water (WDW), the slightly cooled CDW derivative found at depth in the Weddell Sea. Here we report on a sudden, local increase in the temperature maximum of the WDW above the continental slope north of the Filchner Trough (25–40° W), a region identified as a hotspot for potential changes in the flow of WDW towards the large Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf. A combination of new and historical Conductivity-Temperature-Depth profiles and mooring records show that, starting in late 2019, the temperature of the warm water core increased by about 0.1 °C over the upper part of the slope (700–2750 m depth). The increased temperature of the WDW is accompanied by an unprecedented (in observations) freshening of about 0.1 g kg-1 in the overlying Winter Water. Mooring records from the continental shelf further south, in the inflow pathway, do not show increased temperatures during the same period, suggesting that factors other than the WDW core temperature over the slope determine the variability in the heat content on the shelf.
Electron radiation belt safety indices based on the SafeSpace modelling pipeline and dedicated to the internal charging risk
Authors: Dahmen Nour , Brunet Antoine , Bourdarie Sebastien , Katsavrias Christos , Bernoux Guillerme , Doulfis Stefanos , Nasi Afroditi , Papadimitriou Constantinos , Oliveros Fernandez Jesus , Daglis Ioannis
Published: January 2023

Abstract. In this paper, we present the SafeSpace prototype for a safety warning system, dedicated to the electron-radiation-belt induced internal charging hazard, aboard spacecraft. The space weather tool relies on a synergy of physical models associated in a chain that covers the whole Sun-interplanetary space-Earth's inner magnetosphere medium. With the propagation of uncertainties along the modelling pipeline, the safety prototype provides a global nowcast and forecast (within a 4-day lead time) of the electron radiation belt dynamic as well as tailored indicators for space industry operators. They are meant to inform the users about the severity of the electron space environment via a three colored alarm system, which sorts the indices intensity according to a representative historical distribution of in-situ data. The system was challenged over the St-Patrick 2015 storm in order to assess its performance. It showed overall good nowcasting and forecasting capabilities, due to its broad physics-driven pipeline.
„Wir sind hier, wir sind laut“ – Artikulationen von Emotionen der Nähe auf Fahrraddemonstrationen
Authors: Boos Philip , Jessen Gesa
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The article examines how citizens' initiatives use articulations of proximity in the context of emotionalized environment perceptions for demanding the integration of protective bicycle infrastructure in urban design. In order to do so, we present a variety of material consisting of images and language that was created in 2020 as part of various bicycle demonstrations in Berlin-Neukölln. These flyer texts, posters, speeches and photos help to understand how concerns about safety
and quality of life are articulated in a language of proximity. What is perceived as closer spatially (urban spaces of everyday use such as streets
in front of individuals' doors, regularly frequented cycling routes) becomes intertwined with what is perceived as closer in time, i.e. imminent and already occurring “great phenomena” (Everts, 2016) such as climate change and scarcity of resources. In our study, we assume that bicycle
demonstrations function as transformation experiences. Bicycle
demonstrations are motivated by emotions such as fear or anger, but can also generate different emotions such as joy and sense of community in the course of protest. For the duration of the demonstrations, streets become lived spaces suitable for bicycles, while the power relations that otherwise determine urban road traffic are challenged for a short amount of time. The experience of closeness becomes one of belonging and self-determination. It is these appropriations of space that mark bicycle demonstrations as a form of protest worth investigating, since they contribute to transforming emotions and intensifying perceptions of one's own environment.
An integrated modelling approach to evaluate the impacts of nature-based solutions of flood mitigation across a small watershed in the southeast United States
Authors: Guido Betina Ines , Popescu Ioana , Samadi Vidya , Bhattacharya Biswa
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Floods are among the most destructive natural hazards in the world, posing numerous risks to societies and economies globally. Accurately understanding and modeling floods driven by extreme rainfall events has long been a challenging task in the domains of hydrologic science and engineering. Unusual catchment responses to flooding cause great difficulty in predicting the variability and magnitude of floods, as well as proposing solutions to manage large volumes of overland flow. The usage of Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) has proved to be effective in the mitigation of flood peak rate and volume in urban or coastal areas, yet it is still not widely implemented due to limited knowledge and testing compared to traditional engineering solutions. This research examined an integrated hydrological and hydraulic modeling system to understand the response of an at-risk watershed system to flooding and evaluate the efficacy of NBS measures. Using the Hydrologic Engineering Center Hydrologic Modeling System and River Analysis System (HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS) software, an integrated hydrologic-hydraulic model was developed for Hurricanes Matthew (2016) and Florence (2018) driven floods across the Little Pee Dee-Lumber Rivers watershed, North and South Carolina (the Carolinas), USA. The focus was on Nichols town, a small town that has been disproportionately impacted by flooding during these two hurricane events. Different NBS measures including flood storage ponds, riparian reforestation, and afforestation in croplands were designed, modeled, and evaluated. Hurricane Matthew's flooding event was used for evaluating the NBS scenarios given its high simulation accuracy in flood inundation compared to the less accurate results obtained for Hurricane Florence. The scenario comparison evidenced that large-scale natural interventions, such as afforestation in croplands, can reduce the inundated area in Nichols town by 8 % to 18 %. On the contrary, the smaller-scale interventions such as riparian reforestation and flood storage ponds showed a negligible effect of only 1 % on flood mitigation.
Estimating the likelihood of roadway pluvial flood based on crowdsourced traffic data and depression-based DEM analysis
Authors: Safaei-Moghadam Arefeh , Tarboton David , Minsker Barbara
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Water ponding and pluvial flash flooding (PFF) on roadways can pose a significant risk to drivers. Furthermore, climate change, growing urbanization, increasing imperviousness, and aging stormwater infrastructure have increased the frequency of these events. Using physics-based models to predict pluvial flooding at the road segment scale requires notable terrain simplifications and detailed information that is often not available at fine scales (e.g., blockage of stormwater inlets). This brings uncertainty into the results, especially in highly urbanized areas where micro-topographic features typically govern the actual flow dynamics. This study evaluates the potential for flood observations collected from Waze – a community-based navigation app – to estimate the likelihood of PFF at the road segment scale. We investigated the correlation of the Waze flood reports with well-known flood observations and maps, including the National Flood Hazard Layer (NFHL), high watermarks, and low water crossings data inventories. In addition, highly localized surface depressions and their catchments are derived from a 1 m resolution bare-earth digital elevation model (BE-DEM) to investigate the spatial association of Waze flood reports. This analysis showed that the highest correlation of Waze flood reports exists with local surface depressions rather than river flooding, indicating that they are potentially useful indicators of PFF. Accordingly, two data-driven models, empirical Bayes (EB) and random forest (RF) regression, were developed to predict the frequency of flooding, a proxy for flood susceptibility, for three classes of historical storm events (light, moderate, and severe) in every road segment with surface depressions. Applying the models to Waze data from 150 storms in the city of Dallas showed that depression catchment drainage area and imperviousness are the most important predictive features. The EB model performed with reasonable precision in estimating the number of PFF events out of 92 light, 41 moderate, and 17 severe storms with 0.84, 0.85, and 1.09 mean absolute errors, respectively. This study shows that Waze data provide useful information for highly localized PFF prediction. The superior performance of EB compared to the RF model shows that the historical observations included in the EB approach are important for more accurate PFF prediction.
Changes in March mean snow water equivalent since the mid-twentieth century and the contributing factors in reanalyses and CMIP6 climate models
Authors: Räisänen Jouni
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Trends in March mean snow water equivalent (SWE) in the Northern Hemisphere are attributed to changes in three main factors: total precipitation (P), fraction of precipitation as snowfall (F), and fraction of accumulated snowfall remaining on ground (G). This is repeated for two reanalyses (ERA5-Land from March 1951 to 2022 and MERRA2 from 1981 to 2022) and simulations by 22 climate models from the 6th phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). The results reveal a decrease in SWE in most of the Northern Hemisphere, as decreases in F and G dominate over mostly positive trends in P. However, there is spatial variability in both the magnitude and sign of these trends. There is substantial variation between the individual CMIP6 models, but the agreement between the CMIP6 multi-model mean and ERA5-Land is reasonable for both the area means and the geographical distribution of the trends from 1951 to 2022, with a spatial correlation of 0.51 for the total SWE trend. The agreement for the trends from 1981 to 2022 is worse, probably partly due to internal climate variability but also due to the overestimation of the recent warming in the CMIP6 models. Over this shorter period for which ERA5-Land can be compared with MERRA2, there are also marked trend differences between these two reanalyses. However, the SWE decreases associated with reduced snowfall fraction (F) are more consistent between the different data sets than the trends resulting from changes in P and G.
ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE: MODERN VIEWS ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF THE DISEASE
Authors: Tsyganova Tatiana Vasilyevna , Melisheva Anna Nikolaevna
Published: January 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in the modern definition of the disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. Extracellular aggregates of amyloid plaques β (Aß) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, which consist of hyperphosphorylated tau protein, play a major role in the pathogenesis of this disease. BA is manifested by progressive dementia, which affects elderly people. Initially, clinical symptoms are manifested by memory loss, and in the later stages by neuropsychiatric disorders and, subsequently, by a change in a person’s personality. Based on new statistics, the prevalence of the disease is growing worldwide. There are about 50 million patients with AD, and the incidence tends to double every 5 years after the age of 65. As BA was studied, many pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease were formulated. Currently, the theory of the amyloid cascade and hyperphosphorylation of tau has received the main recognition, but all the processes of disease development are still unclear. Many other theories of the occurrence of the disease are also considered, therefore, the study of the pathogenesis of AD is quite an urgent problem.
ADOPTION OF CHILDREN FROM A HUMAN RIGHTS PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Vologdina Elena Vladimirovna
Published: January 2023

The article analyzes the adoption of children from the point of view of human rights based on the European Convention on the Adoption of Children. The main laws that operate on the territory of our country are considered. The problems are also considered and the ways of solving the problems arising during the international adoption of children are given.
DEVELOPMENT OF A PROTOTYPE OF A MOBILE APPLICATION FOR THE DETECTION AND ANALYSIS OF MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS OF THE SKIN BASED ON COMPUTER VISION
Authors: Petrov Nikolay Viktorovich , Smorodin Dmitry Andreevich , Ivanov Egor Romanovich
Published: January 2023

his article is devoted to the study of the possibility of implementing computer vision technology in the framework of using a mobile device camera to determine the type of neoplasm on the skin. The study involved a dataset of 70,000 photographs of various geometric parameters, color, shades, and symmetry. A comparative analysis of the use of a neural network as part of its training by a database of images and computer vision technology is given. The results on the use of mobile device resources when using two technologies are presented.
DEPENDENCE OF THE GROWTH RATE OF ZENGEITE CRYSTALS ON THE TEMPERATURE OF THE CRYSTALLIZATION FRONT
Authors: Polents Irina Vasilievna , Avksentieva Ekaterina Ivanovna
Published: January 2023

To clarify the mechanism of growth of zengeite crystals, the method of rapid crystallization of thin films was used in the work. The experimental dependence of the growth rate on the temperature of the crystallization front is obtained.
THE ROLE AND PLACE OF LABOR REGULATION IN THE PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Authors: Solodova Elena Petrovna , Makeeva Svetlana Vladimirovna
Published: January 2023

The article presents approaches to the definition of «labor rationing», defines the role of this process in the personnel management system of the organization and lists the tasks to be solved, justifies the application of labor standards in the activities of enterprises.
APPLICATION OF COMPARATIVE APPROACH METHODS IN RUSSIAN PRACTICE
Authors: Novikova Tatiana Valerevna , Blinov Andrew Alexandrovich
Published: January 2023

This article presents the definitions of business valuation in Russia and the main methods of its valuation. The pros and cons of the comparative approach and its current use are analyzed.
Rats kidney morphological particularities and functions post-treatment with vernonia amygdalina extract and low-dose lead acetate
Authors: Akunna Gabryel G , Saalu LC , Irozuoke A , Joshua E
Published: January 2023

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Vernonia amygdalina extract on Pb-induced kidney toxicity in Wistar rats. This investigation was carried out using 25 Wistar rat of both sexes, and the animals were divided into five groups: 5 rats per group. Group A served as the negative control group and was orally gavaged with 5mg/ kg body weight of normal saline daily. Group B served as the positive control and was treated with daily intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 8 mg/kg body weight of Pb acetate (Pb). Group C was treated with daily intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 8 mg/kg body weight of Pb along with 20 mg/kg body weight of Vernonia amygdalina extract orally. Group D was treated with daily intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 8 mg/kg body weight of Pb along with 40 mg/kg body weight of Vernonia amygdalina extract orally. Group 5 was treated with daily intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 8 mg/kg body weight of Pb along with 60 mg/kg body weight of Vernonia amygdalina extract orally. All treatments were done for a period of 28 days. The animals were sacrificed on the 29th day by cervical dislocation, then blood was collected by cardiac puncture, and kidneys were collected for histological profile. Lipid peroxidation (MDA), creatinine and urea level were all determined. There was marked elevation in MDA level with a concomitant depletion in urea and creatinine content in the group treated with only Pb when compared with the negative control group. There was a significant increase in proximal tubular area, distal tubular area, glomerular membrane thickness, area, perimeter and feret’s diameter and a significant decrease in proximal tubule, distal tubule ratio and cellularity in this group of rats when compared to the negative control. Oxidation and histological changes in the kidneys were successfully prevented by the pre- administration of Vernonia amygdalina as evidenced by creatinine and urea and MDA level. These were made evident as the morphological scores across all experimental groups were significantly different from those of the positive control (group 2). Based on the current findings, it can be concluded that Vernonia amygdalina successfully minimizes the deleterious effects in kidney function and histological coherence associated with nephrotoxicity by strengthening the antioxidant defense system, suppressing oxidative stress, and mitigating apoptosis.
Marcas intervencionistas de mudança social em impressos do interior do Rio Grande do Sul: quando o local canta sua aldeia
Authors: Parzianello Geder Luis
Published: January 2023

Talvez nunca o jornalismo tenha se empenhado tanto em falar com seus públicos como durante e depois da Pandemia da Covid-19. O jornalismo do interior tem assumido, nesse sentido, um papel intervencionista e de transformação de suas comunidades, em parte neste contexto histórico. Este artigo é uma reflexão sobre marcas do empenho de mídias impressas do Noroeste e do Oeste gaúchos, respectivamente, na forma de uma pesquisa voltada a responder à pergunta sobre como mídias impressas destas regiões estejam praticando transformações em suas realidades numa perspectiva popular. Trata-se de uma investigação teórico-empírica, de base filosófica, em jornalismo, ancorada em trabalhos de e sobre Luiz Beltrão e que dialoga com a práxis profissional. Percorre traçados deixados pela tradição deste pesquisador pernambucano, pioneiro dos estudos de Jornalismo no Brasil, avança na relação de seus postulados com o jornalismo interiorano e caminha para concluir na direção de que o jornalismo de província é muito mais construtor de realidades que reprodutor delas, sendo o seu produto um objeto de estudo de interesse da Folkcomunicação.
Patrimonio, cultura e identidad: un diálogo con el investigador argentino Jorge Kulemeyer
Authors: Caroline Nascimento Luana , Janz Woitowicz Karina
Published: January 2023

La entrevista con el profesor Jorge Kulemeyer se realizó el 5 de diciembre de 2022, a las 18 horas, a través de Google Meet. Gracias a Victor Ricardo por transcribir la entrevista al español.
PENGARUH HARGA DAN CITRA MEREK TERHADAP PEMILIHAN MEREK MASKAPAI PENERBANGAN
Authors: Anjanarko Tri Seno , Mardikaningsih Rahayu
Published: January 2023

Semakin banyak pengguna pesawat terbang sebagai transportasi umum, memberikan kesempatan pada perusahaan maskapai penerbangan untuk memperkenalkan merek maskapai penerbangan kepada masyarakat luas. Merek-merek maskapai penerbangan memperkuat layanan penerbangan agar dapat memberikan kesan positif pada merek yang akhirnya memilih merek maskapai penerbangan untuk jasa transportasi udara. Untuk itu perlu diketahui faktor-faktor yang membuat konsumen memilih merek maskapai penerbangan. Riset ini untuk mengamati apakah harga dan citra merek memberikan pengaruh pada pemilihan merek maskapai penerbangan. Populasi penelitian ini merupakan masyarakat Indonesia yang menggunakan maskapai penerbangan minimal sebanyak tiga kali pada kurun waktu setahun belakang. Sampling secara purposive dan sebanyak 100 sampel. Teknik regresi untuk mengolah data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan harga dan citra merek memberikan pengaruh signifikan pada pemilihan merek.
A Survey-Based Study on COVID-19 related Health Complications
Authors: Jain Ashima , Sarkar Arup , Dalal Sunil
Published: January 2023

The COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease) pandemic is a serious global health crisis that has affected numerous nations. COVID has affected the livelihood, economy, and mental and physical health of people all over the world. A survey-based study was carried out in August 2021, to understand the pre and post-health complications related to COVID-19. Active research was carried out by conducting a survey about the mental and physical health difficulties pre- and post-COVID. The sample size for the survey consisted of 102 responses from individuals from various age groups and backgrounds. Various factors such as gender, age group, precautions, vaccination status, COVID infection status, mental stress, physical and mental health complications post-COVID were studied and their relation with COVID infection was also considered.
Preliminary Study of Drone Delivery Systems in Hong Kong
Authors: Chow Yuk-Ting , Chi Yat Wong , Lau Yui-yip
Published: January 2023

The rise of drone delivery systems is due to the wave of industry 4.0. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic reinforces the importance of drone delivery systems in order to minimize the spread of the virus, facilitate the economic revitalization processes, and encourage the growth of smart logistics operations in the post-COVID-19 era. In this study, we conduct a preliminary study to address the three main research questions, namely Are the citizens welcome to have drones delivering their packages and other issues associated with the drones? (2) Do the citizens perceive a difference in the risks associated with human delivery and drone delivery? (3) What are the public’s concerns associated with drone delivery? As such, survey questionnaires were collected from Hong Kong residents. The findings highlight that Hong Kong residents are concerned about protecting the drone or package when falling to the ground or water; and (2) minimizing damages to humans, structures, vehicles, or vessels. This pilot study can provide valuable insights and constructive feedback to policymakers and industrial practitioners to design and implement drone delivery systems in Hong Kong in the future.
College Election System using Facial Authentication
Authors: Maurya Akash , Shetty Pooja , Yadava Ganesh , Ladge Leena
Published: January 2023

Voting is commonly related to politics and is often ended with exploitation. Manual voting may lead to malpractices sometimes, so there is a need to implement a secured online voting system. The voting system that we propose is a web portal which is designed using the MERN stack and the authentication of the voter is done using facial recognition. For this, the Eigen-face algorithm is used. The user will have to register and login into the portal. After that, the users will upload their respective documents which will be verified by the admin. For the voter’s assistance, the portal has several features like slot booking for the voting day, reminders for the voters, viewing of the candidates standing for the elections and a FAQ chatbot. The candidates can do online campaigning, set online rallies and build their profiles for the voters to see. The whole website is secured using a JWT token which ensures that every request made to the website is made by a legitimate and admin verified user. The voter is verified using facial authentication before he is allowed to vote. Our system uses the Eigen-Face algorithm with an accuracy of around 87%.
Application of Machine Learning on the Diagnosis of 18 Common Pediatric Disease in Central African Republic
Authors: Wu George , Li Bin
Published: January 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) is widely used in the medical field to improve the professional level and efficiency of clinical work. In some developing countries, the shortage of qualified healthcare providers is one of the major causes of the unavailability and low quality of healthcare. Studies have shown that the application of AI improves healthcare in developing countries. This study is inspired to develop a diagnostic promoted system that is instrumental in addressing the problem of the Central African Republic, which, by a report, has the poorest healthcare access in the world. A simulated database containing 18 common pediatric diseases in the Central African Republic was used as training and testing dataset to compare the prompt diagnostic accuracy of three models of AI, including decision tree, random forest, and neural network model. The results indicate that given the dataset with laboratory data, the average accuracy of the decision tree model is 0.971, the random forest model is 0.977, and the neural network model is 0.969. In the dataset without laboratory data, the average accuracy of the decision tree model is 0.971, the random forest model is 0.977, and the neural network model is 0.923. The results indicate that the prompt diagnostic accuracy of the three models is roughly similar, all higher than 0.9, the random forest model has the highest accuracy, and in the absence of laboratory data, a high accuracy rate of 0.977 was achieved. This study suggests that developing AI diagnostic prompt techniques may help improve the diagnostic level of medical workers in developing countries, especially in the absence of laboratory data, and may also achieve a satisfactory diagnostic accuracy.
Stochastic differential equations for orthogonal eigenvectors of (G,ε)-Wishart process related to multivariate G-fractional Brownian motion
Authors: Belksier Manel , Boutabia Hacène , Bougherra Rania
Published: January 2023

In the present paper, we introduce a new process called multivariate G-fractional Brownian motion (B_{t}^{H}) where the Hurst parameter H is a diagonal matrix. Moreover, we give an approximation (R_{t}^{ε}) of Riemann-Liouville process of (B_{t}^{H}) by G-Itô's processes. Then we give stochastic differential equations for orthogonal eigenvectors of (G,ε)-Wishart fractional process defined by R_{t}^{ε}(R_{t}^{ε})^{∗}, which has 0 and |R_{t}^{ε}|² as eigenvalues. An intermediate asymptotic comparison result concerning the eigenvalue |R_{t}^{ε}|² is also obtained
On new difference sequence spaces via Cesàro mean
Authors: Baliarsingh Pinakadhar , Nanda Sudarsan
Published: January 2023

In the present article, we define certain a set of new classes of sequence spaces by using Ces\`{a}ro mean and difference operator $\Delta^r\;\;r\in\mathbb{N}_0=\{0,1,2,3,\dots\}$. Also, we study the topological structures of the defined classes and determine their $\alpha-,\beta-$ and $\gamma-$ duals. Matrix transformations of given classes with their basic sequence spaces are characterized.
A Medical Approach for Rhinoplasty
Authors: Shahzad Asif , Hussain Shoukat , Karim Abdul , Farooq Hafiz Muhammad Aamir , Azam Salman , Hameed Usman
Published: January 2023

Rhinoplasty is one of the most commonly performed aesthetic surgical procedures in plastic surgery. Over the past 20 years, one of the most gratifying operations performed by facial plastic surgeons remains rhinoplasty. Both surgeries and patients may feel like they are running "home" when everything is running as scheduled, but mutual sadness may also occur when the outcome is different. Many of the typical complexities can be prevented with careful attention to particular operational maneuvers with intentional actions, extra grafts, or more conservative resections during the main rhino-plastic procedure. A view of these retrospective problems may reveal typical risks that are preemptive when the procedure is performed. Due to the subjective character of the esthetic outcome, the identification of problems in cosmetic rhinoplasty is challenging. One may expect rhino-plastic patients more critical of the outcomes, but our experience as well as those of others suggest that the surgeon is more likely than the patient to be satisfied. With a subsequent medial collapse, the ULCs might become destabilized. Moreover, the new dorsal septum produced by the excision of the hump is smaller than the original native dorsum. Even if the ULCs shrink solidly to the septum, a constricted middle vault region will be created.
A novel case of an intramedullary spinal cord metastatic lesion resulting from a gastric lymphoma
Authors:   University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA., L Judkins Benjamin , A DeCosmo Joseph ,   University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA., D Bloom Matthew ,   University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA., D Heldermon Coy ,   University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Published: January 2023

Gastric Lymphoma is a rare condition, accounting for only 2% of all lymphomas [1]. Intramedullary Spinal Cord lesions resulting from Metastases (ISCM) are also extremely uncommon, primarily arising from malignancies in the lung and breast. Only 2% of patients are reported to have contracted secondary spinal cord metastases from a primary lymphoma [2]. There has been some past evidence in the literature of patients contracting ISCM from non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma but again, extremely rare (7 cases over 14 years at the Mayo Clinic [3]). Upon review of the literature, we believe this to be the first reported case of an ISCM from a gastric lymphoma.