bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of highly oriented two-dimensional materials in anti-corrosion coatings: a review and prospect
Authors: Fan Xiaoqiang , Liu Bo , Xiong Liangliang , Zhu Minhao
Published: December 2024

Two-dimensional (2D) layered materials, represented by graphene/graphene oxide (GO) and Ti3C2Tx, are rapidly advancing in their application within anti-corrosion coatings. Their remarkable features, such as large specific surface area, adjustable structure and functionality, and diverse arrangement forms, endow them with vast potential as anti-corrosion materials. This paper, anchored in the highly oriented arrangement of 2D materials in coatings, provides an overview of the anti-corrosion potential of composite materials with ordered microstructures. It explores the dispersion and orientation of 2D materials in resin coating matrices under force field induction, electric field induction, and magnetic field induction. Additionally, it offers a detailed introduction to recent advances in the self-aligned arrangement of graphene/graphene oxide and Ti3C2Tx in resin coatings, focusing on their anti-corrosion applications and underlying mechanisms. Finally, the paper summarizes and anticipates the future prospects of directional distribution of 2D materials in the anti-corrosion field, aiming to provide new insights into the interface construction and performance regulation of these materials, and to inspire the development of high-performance anti-corrosion coatings with simple preparation processes and exceptional protective properties.
An overview of large AI models and their applications
Authors: Tu Xiaoguang , He Zhi , Huang Yi , Zhang Zhi-Hao , Yang Ming , Zhao Jian
Published: December 2024

In recent years, large-scale artificial intelligence (AI) models have become a focal point in technology, attracting widespread attention and acclaim. Notable examples include Google’s BERT and OpenAI’s GPT, which have scaled their parameter sizes to hundreds of billions or even tens of trillions. This growth has been accompanied by a significant increase in the amount of training data, significantly improving the capabilities and performance of these models. Unlike previous reviews, this paper provides a comprehensive discussion of the algorithmic principles of large-scale AI models and their industrial applications from multiple perspectives. We first outline the evolutionary history of these models, highlighting milestone algorithms while exploring their underlying principles and core technologies. We then evaluate the challenges and limitations of large-scale AI models, including computational resource requirements, model parameter inflation, data privacy concerns, and specific issues related to multi-modal AI models, such as reliance on text-image pairs, inconsistencies in understanding and generation capabilities, and the lack of true “multi-modality”. Various industrial applications of these models are also presented. Finally, we discuss future trends, predicting further expansion of model scale and the development of cross-modal fusion. This study provides valuable insights to inform and inspire future future research and practice.
Resolving Mill’s Absolutism Problem
Authors: Riley Jonathan
Published: December 2024

The absolutist status Mill assigns to his liberty principle (LP) is incompatible with standard utilitarian maximizing reasoning. But LP is compatible with his non-standard utilitarianism, whose extraordinary structure is clarified using a “consequentializing” lens. This involves enlarging outcomes to include not only the downstream consequences of self-regarding actions but also the actions themselves and the agent’s liberty of choosing them using his own agent-relative evaluation criteria. Self-regarding liberty is protected by indefeasible moral right and, according to the higher pleasures doctrine, the moral sentiment of justice has a pleasant quality that is infinitely superior in value as pleasure to any conflicting kinds of pleasure. Infinitesimal value attaches to any pleasures enjoyed by those who wrongfully interfere to compel competent but foolish or reckless agents to take self-regarding actions with the most expedient consequences. Absolute weight is thereby consistently given to LP over all competing considerations in the course of maximizing general happiness in point of quantity and quality.
Biomarkers of racism-based stress injury: A feasibility and correlation study
Authors: Kimani Rachel Wangari , Tobin Jonathan N. , Cole Steven W. , Campbell Ann , Jarvis Erich D.
Published: December 2024

Background:

Persistent discrimination and identity threats contribute to adverse health outcomes in minoritized groups, mediated by both structural racism and physiological stress responses.

Objective:

This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of recruiting African American volunteers for a pilot study of race-based stress, the acceptability of a mindfulness intervention designed to reduce racism-induced stress, and to evaluate preliminary associations between race-based stress and clinical, psychosocial, and biological measures.

Methods:

A convenience sample of African Americans aged 18–50 from New York City’s Tri-state area underwent assessments for racial discrimination using the Everyday Discrimination Scale (EDS) and Race-Based Traumatic Stress Symptom Scale. Mental health was evaluated using validated clinical scales measuring depression, anxiety, stress, resilience, mindfulness, resilience, sleep, interpersonal connection, and coping. Biomarkers were assessed through clinical laboratory tests, allostatic load assessment, and blood gene expression analysis.

Results:

Twenty participants (12 females, 8 males) completed assessments after consent. Elevated EDS scores were associated with adverse lipid profiles, including higher cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratios and lower HDL levels, as well as elevated inflammatory markers (NF-kB activity) and reduced antiviral response (interferon response factor). Those with high EDS reported poorer sleep, increased substance use, and lower resilience. Mindfulness was positively associated with coping and resilience but inversely to sleep disturbance. 90% showed interest in a mindfulness intervention targeting racism-induced stress.

Conclusions:

This study demonstrated an association between discrimination and adverse health effects among African Americans. These findings lay the groundwork for further research to explore the efficacy of mindfulness and other interventions on populations experiencing discrimination.
No “One-Size-Fits All”: chronic “Carryover” diagnoses dilute antibiotic prescribing rates for sinusitis among adults in primary and urgent care settings
Authors: Smith Mary , Hawkins Marten , Laikijrung Chananid , Mui Emily , Alegria William , Leung Thomas , Zimmet Alex , Ha David , Holubar Marisa
Published: December 2024

International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) billing data used in outpatient stewardship metrics is under-described for acute and chronic sinusitis. We found that different sinusitis ICD-10 definitions impacted antibiotic prescribing rates (APRs). Chronic sinusitis ICD-10s dilute overall sinusitis APR, particularly in primary care settings and should be examined separately.
Rebuilding Economic Prosperity and Opportunity for Ukrainians Act (Public Law No. 118-50) (U.S.)
Authors: Weatherall Thomas
Published: December 2024

Following Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, a number of countries, including the United States, froze Russian sovereign assets (RSA) within their respective jurisdictions. It is estimated that some US$300 billion of RSA are immobilized worldwide. A fraction of those frozen assets, approximately US$4–$5 billion, are thought to be subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. On April 24, 2024, President Biden signed H.R. 815 into law, which included the Rebuilding Economic Prosperity and Opportunity for Ukrainians Act (REPO Act). The REPO Act broadly provides for the “repurposing” of RSA within the jurisdiction of the United States to facilitate assistance to Ukraine in response to Russia's unlawful invasion.
“I'd rather be married to someone I can control”: Female Javānmardī in Gulbadan Begum's Humayunnamah as a Mirror for Princesses
Authors: Leong Amanda Caterina
Published: December 2024

The mischievous quote making up this article's title comes from the Humayunnamah, a chronicle written around 1587 in Persian by Gulbadan Begum (1523–1603). Gulbadan was a Mughal princess of Timurid heritage and the daughter of the founder of the Mughal dynasty, Zahir al-Din Muhammad Babur (1483–1530).1 In the Humayunnamah, Gulbadan recounts the response Hamidah Begum (1542–1605) gives upon being chastised by her future mother-in-law, Dildar Begum:

“Look whether you like it or not, in the end, you are going to be married to somebody. Who could be better than the Emperor?”

“Yes, you are right. But I'd rather marry someone whose collar my hand can reach.”2
Tell us how it is: Unravelling the dynamics of academic voice and silence
Authors: Lister Victoria , Kosiol Jennifer , Meissner Ellie , Fitzgerald Anneke
Published: December 2024

Employee voice and silence research shows workers’ ability to express dissatisfaction is impeded by a range of factors. This paper focuses on two: the power asymmetry inherent in the employment relationship, and work context. It examines early career academics (ECAs) – mainly doctoral students, associate lecturers, and assistant professors – many of whom are immersed in atypical, employment or employment-like relationships that are frequently experienced as disempowering. A scoping review provides a frame for understanding ECA voice and silence. It finds there is little on ECAs in the employee voice and silence literature. However, broader concepts of voice and silence are discussed in higher education research on doctoral students and other types of ECAs. Complex work arrangements, difficult supervisory relationships, and hierarchical norms stifle ECA voice. Supervision conceptualised as co-created ‘critical friendship’ facilitates voice. Studies that expand knowledge of ECA voice and silence are recommended, especially as concerns about ECA wellbeing grow.
Linear convergence of alternating inertial Tseng-type method for solving inclusion problems on Hadamard manifolds
Authors: Abass H. A.
Published: December 2024

The focus of this paper is to introduce an alternating inertial Tseng-type method for approximating singularity point of an inclusion problem which is defined by means of sum of a single-valued vector and a multi-valued vector field in the setting of a Hadamard manifold. Using our iterative method, we prove that the sequence generated by our method converges to a singularity point under some mild conditions. We also establish a linear convergence result when the operator is strongly monotone. As far as we are concerned, there are no results on alternating inertial steps for solving inclusion problems in the settings of Hadamard manifolds. Lastly, we present a numerical example to show the performance of our method. The result present in this article extends and generalizes many related results in the literature.
Defending Freedom of Conscience: The Dutch Poet Gesine Brit, ca.1669-1747, in the Dutch Enlightenment
Authors: QUATRINI FRANCESCO
Published: December 2024

This essay examines the historical and intellectual significance of the Dutch Doopsgezind-Collegiant poet Gesine Brit. It reconstructs the historical background that led to the writing of a religious-political poem that Brit penned in 1705 to denounce the persecutions suffered by her religious companions in Groningen at the hands of the local religious and civil authorities. It then offers both an examination of its content and its first English translation. It demonstrates that Brit belonged to a tradition of Nonconformist intellectuals who contributed to shaping Dutch Enlightenment culture, thus expanding the canon of political writing to include women and their poetry.
Laryngopharyngeal reflux leads to adverse short-term outcomes of vocal fold polyp patients after office-based transnasal vocal fold polypectomy
Authors: He Jing , Wu Xianwen , He Renchuan , Yang Bo , Yang Yi
Published: December 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to explore the influence of laryngopharyngeal reflux on the features of vocal fold polyps and prognosis after office-based transnasal vocal fold polypectomy.

Methods

Eighty-four vocal fold polyp patients were retrospectively analysed. Patients were assigned to laryngopharyngeal reflux or non-laryngopharyngeal reflux groups using pre-operative Reflux Symptom Score-12.

Results

The laryngopharyngeal reflux group had significantly higher pre-operative Reflux Sign Assessment scores, worse lifestyle and worse eating habits than the non-laryngopharyngeal reflux group. After office-based transnasal vocal fold polypectomy, the Reflux Symptom Score-12 and Reflux Sign Assessment score decreased in both groups, although the laryngopharyngeal reflux group still had higher values. The non-laryngopharyngeal reflux group had better vocal fold morphology recovery than the laryngopharyngeal reflux group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that smoking and a higher pre-operative Reflux Symptom Score-12 score were independent risk factors for poor prognosis.

Conclusions

Laryngopharyngeal reflux is detrimental to vocal fold recovery of vocal fold polyp patients following office-based transnasal vocal fold polypectomy. For vocal fold polyp patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux, lifestyle and diet guidance should be focused.
Loneliness and social anxiety in the general population over time – results of a cross-lagged panel analysis
Authors: Reinwarth Anna C. , Beutel Manfred E. , Schmidt Peter , Wild Philipp S. , Münzel Thomas , König Jochem , Konstantinides Stavros V. , Schattenberg Jörn M. , Lackner Karl J. , Schuster Alexander K. , Tüscher Oliver , Geschke Katharina
Published: December 2024

Background

Loneliness has become a major public health issue of the recent decades due to its severe impact on health and mortality. Little is known about the relation between loneliness and social anxiety. This study aimed (1) to explore levels of loneliness and social anxiety in the general population, and (2) to assess whether and how loneliness affects symptoms of social anxiety and vice versa over a period of five years.

Methods

The study combined data from the baseline assessment and the five-year follow-up of the population-based Gutenberg Health Study. Data of N = 15 010 participants at baseline (Mage = 55.01, s.d.age = 11.10) were analyzed. Multiple regression analyses with loneliness and symptoms of social anxiety at follow-up including sociodemographic, physical illnesses, and mental health indicators at baseline were used to test relevant covariates. Effects of loneliness on symptoms of social anxiety over five years and vice versa were analyzed by autoregressive cross-lagged structural equation models.

Results

At baseline, 1076 participants (7.41%) showed symptoms of social anxiety and 1537 (10.48%) participants reported feelings of loneliness. Controlling for relevant covariates, symptoms of social anxiety had a small significant effect on loneliness five years later (standardized estimate of 0.164, p < 0.001). Vice versa, there was no significant effect of loneliness on symptoms of social anxiety taking relevant covariates into account.

Conclusions

Findings provided evidence that symptoms of social anxiety are predictive for loneliness. Thus, prevention and intervention efforts for loneliness need to address symptoms of social anxiety.
Intrinsic and extrinsic control impact motivation and outcome sensitivity: the role of anhedonia, stress, and anxiety
Authors: Mehta Marishka M. , Butler Grace , Ahn Christopher , Whitaker Yolanda Irini , Bachi Keren , Jacob Yael , Treadway Michael , Murrough James W. , Morris Laurel S.
Published: December 2024

Background

Motivated behaviors vary widely across individuals and are controlled by a range of environmental and intrinsic factors. However, due to a lack of objective measures, the role of intrinsic v. extrinsic control of motivation in psychiatric disorders remains poorly understood.

Methods

We developed a novel multi-factorial behavioral task that separates the distinct contributions of intrinsic v. extrinsic control, and determines their influence on motivation and outcome sensitivity in a range of contextual environments. We deployed this task in two independent cohorts (final in-person N = 181 and final online N = 258), including individuals with and without depression and anxiety disorders.

Results

There was a significant interaction between group (controls, depression, anxiety) and control-condition (extrinsic, intrinsic) on motivation where participants with depression showed lower extrinsic motivation and participants with anxiety showed higher extrinsic motivation compared to controls, while intrinsic motivation was broadly similar across the groups. There was also a significant group-by-valence (rewards, losses) interaction, where participants with major depressive disorder showed lower motivation to avoid losses, but participants with anxiety showed higher motivation to avoid losses. Finally, there was a double-dissociation with anhedonic symptoms whereby anticipatory anhedonia was associated with reduced extrinsic motivation, whereas consummatory anhedonia was associated with lower sensitivity to outcomes that modulated intrinsic behavior. These findings were robustly replicated in the second independent cohort.

Conclusions

Together this work demonstrates the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic control on altering motivation and outcome sensitivity, and shows how depression, anhedonia, and anxiety may influence these biases.
A feasibility randomized controlled trial of an individually delivered, peer support intervention to reduce the impact of psychosis stigma and discrimination for people with psychosis: the let's talk study
Authors: Pyle Melissa , Corrigan Patrick W. , Wood Lisa , Pilling Stephen , Murphy Elizabeth , Macafee Gillian , Kelly Kate , Byrne Rory , Dunbar Eleanor , Jones Emily , Hudson Jemma , Jones Wendy , Hazzard Raj , Larson Jon E. , MacLennan Graeme , Swingler James , Peters Sarah , Morrison Anthony P.
Published: December 2024

Background

Stigma of mental health conditions hinders recovery and well-being. The Honest, Open, Proud (HOP) program shows promise in reducing stigma but there is uncertainty about the feasibility of a randomized trial to evaluate a peer-delivered, individual adaptation of HOP for psychosis (Let's Talk).

Methods

A multi-site, Prospective Randomized Open Blinded Evaluation (PROBE) design, feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT) comparing the peer-delivered intervention (Let's Talk) to treatment as usual (TAU). Follow-up was 2.5 and 6 months. Randomization was via a web-based system, with permuted blocks of random size. Up to 10 sessions of the intervention over 10 weeks were offered. The primary outcome was feasibility data (recruitment, retention, intervention attendance). Primary outcomes were analyzed by intention to treat. Safety outcomes were reported by as treated status. The study was prospectively registered: https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN17197043.

Results

149 patients were referred to the study and 70 were recruited. 35 were randomly assigned to intervention + TAU and 35 to TAU. Recruitment was 93% of the target sample size. Retention rate was high (81% at 2.5 months primary endpoint), and intervention attendance rate was high (83%). 21% of 33 patients in Let's talk + TAU had an adverse event and 16% of 37 patients in TAU. One serious adverse event (pre-randomization) was partially related and expected.

Conclusions

This is the first trial to show that it is feasible and safe to conduct a RCT of HOP adapted for people with psychosis and individual delivery. An adequately powered trial is required to provide robust evidence.
Design and analysis of a climbing robot consisting of a parallel mechanism and a remote center of motion mechanism
Authors: Ye Wei , Huo Tongwang , Gong Chaoxin , Chen Zhihong
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a climbing robot (CR) designed for the purpose of pipeline maintenance, with capability to avoid the risks inherent in manual operations. In the design process, a three degree of freedom (DOF) parallel mechanism coupled with a remote center of motion (RCM) mechanism linkage mechanism were designed to serve as the CR’s climbing mechanism, which met the specific demands for climbing movements. The modified Kutzbach–Grübler formula and the screw theory were applied to calculate the DOFs of the CR. Then, the inverse and forward position analysis for the CR was derived. Furthermore, velocity and acceleration analysis of parallel mechanism were conducted and derived the Jacobian matrix, through which the singularity of parallel mechanism was analyzed. In order to evaluate kinematic performance of parallel mechanism, the motion/force transmission index (LTI) of workspace was calculated, which directed the followed dimensional optimization process. According to the optimization result, a prototype was constructed and a series of motion experiments were carried out to validate its climbing capability.
Narrating Disputes: litigation and its retellings in fifteenth-century England
Authors: Flannigan Laura
Published: December 2024

Litigation was on the rise across late-medieval Europe, and historians have long argued that the result was widespread law-mindedness. Seeking a more individual perspective on these trends, this article looks outside of the formal legal records that have been the cornerstone of social and legal histories. It assesses two first-person narratives which describe life-long efforts to resolve disputes at law, written by ageing members of the rural gentry in late-fifteenth-century England. The article first outlines the stories of disputing told in these manuscripts, with attention to their structures, tropes, and alignment with contemporary discourses about justice. It then places them in the contexts of the lives and archives that they were designed to interpret. What becomes apparent is that these writers and others of similar status were deeply invested in their disputes, enough to bequeath them to future generations. They crafted stories which emphasised the continuity of legal claims through changeable social and judicial conflicts, even if it meant omitting prior successes at law. These manuscripts therefore remind us that litigation, however ubiquitous it became, was not always taken lightly. They also open the door to an examination of reckonings with law undertaken at home rather than in the courtroom.
Batch sojourn and delivery times in polling systems on a circle
Authors: Engels Tim , Adan Ivo , Boxma Onno , Resing Jacques
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we analyze a polling system on a circle. Random batches of customers arrive at a circle, where each customer, independently, obtains a location that is uniformly distributed on the circle. A single server cyclically traverses the circle to serve all customers. Using mean value analysis, we derive the expected number of waiting customers within a given distance of the server. We exploit this to obtain closed-form expressions for both the mean batch sojourn time and the mean time to delivery.
Updates to Article Categories for Prehospital and Disaster Medicine
Authors: Franc Jeffrey Michael
Published: December 2024

For 2025, Prehospital and Disaster Medicine will be updating the available article categories. These changes assure that article categories are better aligned with the recently updated Prehospital and Disaster Medicine mission statement. The updated article categories will facilitate the publication of innovative, high-impact, evidence-based research in both prehospital and Disaster Medicine.
Exploring the relationship among hikikomori tendencies, autistic traits, computer game use and eating disorder symptoms
Authors: Carpita Barbara , Nardi Benedetta , Giovannoni Federico , Parri Francesca , Cerofolini Gianluca , Bonelli Chiara , Amatori Giulia , Massimetti Gabriele , Cremone Ivan Mirko , Pini Stefano , Pellecchia Enza , Dell’Osso Liliana
Published: December 2024

Objective

The hikikomori phenomenon has recently gained growing global interest, and evidences of its association with other psychopathological dimensions are slowly but steadily emerging. We aimed to evaluate the presence and correlates of hikikomori tendencies in an Italian University population, focusing on its relationships with autism spectrum, pathological computer gaming, and eating disorders. In particular, to our knowledge, no study has yet systematically evaluated the latter association, using psychometric instruments tailored to assess eating disorder symptoms.

Methods

2574 students were recruited via an online survey. All participants were assessed with the Hikikomori Questionnaire-25 (HQ-25), the Adult Autism Subthreshold Spectrum Questionnaire (AdAS Spectrum), the Eating Attitude test-26 (EAT-26), and the Assessment of Internet and Computer Game Addiction (AICA-S).

Results

The results outlined how hikikomori risk was significantly correlated to autistic dimensions, altered eating behaviors, and videogame addiction. The closest relationship was detected with the autism spectrum. Interestingly, pathological computer gaming, most autistic dimensions, and EAT-26 oral control emerged as significant predictors of a greater risk for hikikomori, while the proneness to inflexibility and adherence to routine emerged as negative predictors.

Conclusions

Our findings support the association among hikikomori, autism spectrum, pathological computer game use, and eating disorder symptoms.
How do mining booms impact the labor market for men and women? Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Aqeel Fatima
Published: December 2024

We examine the effects of mining booms in Indonesia on labor market outcomes using exogenous price changes and 452 mines. We do this using labor force surveys between the years 1998 and 2011, and four waves of individual panel data between 1997 and 2014. Surprisingly, female incomes grow during mining booms, not because women work more, but because their work moves from the agricultural to the service sector where paid work is more common. Men experience mixed labor market changes. High average mining incomes attract male labor to mining districts, allowing for some adjustment of labor supply to demand. Suggestive evidence also shows that informal work increases marginally for men, potentially in auxiliary mining jobs. A male dominated industry that supports economic opportunities for women can unexpectedly benefit women as well.
Inhibitory control facilitates learning new knowledge based on existing knowledge in cross-linguistic word contexts
Authors: Zou Zilan , Chen Baoguo
Published: December 2024

In cross-linguistic word learning, learning new knowledge based on existing knowledge is a common and lifelong process. This study investigated whether inhibitory control would be conducive to this process. We asked Chinese-English bilinguals to learn new meanings for familiar English ambiguous words within two consecutive days, manipulating semantic relatedness and word frequency to create four categories: high-frequency-unrelated, high-frequency-related, low-frequency-unrelated and low-frequency-related ambiguous words. Participants completed translation recognition and production tests immediately after learning and again one week later, with flanker and stop-signal tasks interspersed to measure their interference inhibition and response inhibition. The results indicated that inhibitory control, particularly interference inhibition, significantly aided in learning new meanings when direct knowledge transfer from existing knowledge was unfeasible. This research enhances our comprehension of individual differences in word learning, offering valuable perspectives for broader theories of word learning and targeted educational interventions.
Selected health characteristics are associated with urban Canadians’ acceptability of policies promoting healthier restaurant food environments
Authors: Lambert-De Francesch Jessica , Saint-Onge Kadia , Muhajarine Nazeem , Gauvin Lise
Published: December 2024

Objective:

The adoption of policies promoting healthier restaurant food environments is contingent on their acceptability. Limited evidence exists regarding individual characteristics associated with restaurant food environment policy acceptability, especially health-related characteristics. This study examined associations between health characteristics and restaurant food environment policy acceptability among urban Canadians.

Design:

Links between health characteristics and complete agreement levels with selected policies were examined using data in the cross-sectional Targeting Healthy Eating and Physical Activity survey study, that is, a large pan-Canadian study on policy acceptability. For each policy, several logistic multilevel regression analyses were conducted.

Setting:

Canada’s seventeen most populated census metropolitan areas.

Participants:

Urban Canadian adults responded to the survey (n 27 162).

Results:

Body mass index was not associated with acceptability after adjustments for other health and sociodemographic characteristics were made. Across all policies and analyses, those reporting excellent or very good health statuses were more likely to be in complete agreement with targeted policies than those with good health statuses. For selected policies and analyses, those reporting poor health statuses were also more likely to be in complete agreement than those describing their health status as good. For all policies and analyses, both those consuming restaurant-prepared foods daily and those never consuming these foods were more likely to be in complete agreement than those consuming these foods once per week.

Conclusions:

More research is needed to explain discrepancies in acceptability according to health characteristics. Bringing this study’s findings to the attention of policymakers may help build momentum for policy enactment.
The Irish Idea: James Connolly’s Political Thought
Authors: McNally Edward
Published: December 2024

James Connolly is by most measures a canonical figure. He is widely recognized as a founder of the national and labor movements in Ireland: an organizer, agitator, journalist, trade union leader, and, ultimately, republican martyr. Yet his status as a political thinker has been curiously diminished and overlooked. Seeking to rectify this neglect, I undertake in this article a historical reconstruction of Connolly’s political thought, demonstrating that he was, contrary to the anti-intellectual anachronism of leading Irish historians, a complicated and innovative republican theorist. In the first section, I draw out Connolly’s understanding of colonialism and its relationship to both historical development and revolutionary subjectivity, pointing to the universalist and teleological dimensions of his thought, as well its boundaries. Second, I focus on Connolly’s fraught but productive encounter with Irish nationalism and the cultural flourishing it drove, reconstructing his strenuous efforts to cast the Irish nation and the proletariat as synonymous. Third, I probe the conceptual substance of his socialist republicanism, elucidating the centrality of two republican doctrines—popular sovereignty and freedom as nondomination—to Connolly’s thinking. Last but not least, I map the political and intellectual antecedence of Connolly’s decision to partake in the Easter Rising of 1916, his final act.
Effects of Carolina geranium (Geranium carolinianum) competition on strawberry growth and yield
Authors: Buzanini Ana C. , Boyd Nathan S.
Published: December 2024

Carolina geranium (Geranium carolinianum L.) growth in planting holes in commercial strawberry [Fragaria × ananassa (Weston) Duchesne ex Rozier (pro sp.) [chiloensis × virginiana]] fields is a serious problem in Florida. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different G. carolinianum densities on strawberry growth and yield in plasticulture production systems. Geranium carolinianum densities were 0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.9, 2.7, and 3.8 plants m−2 equally distributed on the plastic-mulched bed top within the planting holes. Geranium carolinianum density did not affect plant height; however, seed production and season-end biomass were negatively correlated with density in Season I. There was a negative, linear correlation between weed density and berry yields. With each increase in G. carolinianum per square meter, the total annual yield was lowered by 554 and 935 kg ha−1, in Seasons I and II, respectively. Our data clearly indicate that G. carolinianum emerging in the transplant holes of strawberry and competing throughout the season has a significantly negative effect on total berry yield.
Classifying the Magnetosheath Using Local Measurements From MMS
Authors: Svenningsson I. , Yordanova E. , Khotyaintsev Y. V. , André M. , Cozzani G.
Published: December 2024

The Earth's magnetosheath is a dynamic region of shocked solar wind plasma downstream of the bow shock. Depending on the upstream magnetic field orientation, the magnetosheath usually has one of two distinct configurations: a more variable magnetosheath with strong fluctuations and structures propagating from upstream to downstream, or a more stationary magnetosheath characterized by compression and high ion temperature anisotropy. The more variable magnetosheath is usually observed for quasi‐parallel shocks (the angle between the shock normal and the upstream magnetic field ), but the limit can vary for . These differences facilitate studies of how different plasma environments affect various processes such as turbulence and heating, and these require an accurate magnetosheath classification. Since can rarely be determined correctly in the absence of upstream monitors, local measurements have been suggested to classify the magnetosheath. However, this has not yet been verified for Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) data. We investigate this approach with MMS using locally measured magnetic field variability, ion temperature anisotropy, and suprathermal ion flux. We find the more variable magnetosheath at normalized magnetic fluctuations above 0.29 and ion temperature anisotropy below 0.18. We also find that the suprathermal ion flux can complement the classification given that MMS burst‐mode data is used. Our findings provide a method to determine the magnetic connectivity of the magnetosheath with the upstream solar wind in the case of MMS and classify the downstream region into different configurations.
The Characteristics and Simulation of Sporadic E Layers in Ascending and Descending Phases of the Solar Cycle at Mid‐Latitude Stations
Authors: Zhang Yabin , Peng Huaiyun , Jin Ruimin , Li Haiying , Hu Yanli , Ban Panpan , Xu Bin , Xu Tong , Zhao Haisheng , Wu Jiajing , Tian Yaoyu , Xie Shouzhi , Wu Jian
Published: December 2024

Most of the attention was paid to the correlation between Sporadic E (Es) layers and solar activity, and conflicting conclusions were obtained in previous research. For the first time, we analyze the influence of solar activity on the number of Es layer traces (Es layers with a certain duration and intensity), the lifetime and descent velocity of the descending Es layer traces, and the results have been explained using simulation based on windshear theory and Lomb‐Scargle (LS) spectral analysis. A statistical analysis of Es layers observed in ascending (2010–2012) and descending (2016–2018) phases of the solar cycle is presented at three different mid‐latitude stations of Kuming (25.5°N, 103.8°E), Lanzhou (36.1°N, 103.9°E) and Urumqi (43.8°N, 87.6°E) in China region. The observation results indicate that the occurrence rate, height distribution and the number of the Es layer traces are all influenced by solar activity, indicating that they are negatively correlated with solar activity. The simulation, spectral analysis, and observations reveal that the lifetime and descent velocity of the descending Es layer traces are mainly modulated by semidiurnal and diurnal tides, but are less affected by solar activity. The predominant oscillations of the Es layer are identified using LS spectral analysis. The spectral analysis reveals that the modulation of diurnal tide waves on Es layers dominates at lower mid‐latitudes, and that of semidiurnal tide waves dominates at higher latitudes. The results also confirm the modulation of planetary waves on Es layers at different mid‐latitudes.
Modeling the Two‐Dimensional Propagation of Whistler‐Mode Chorus Waves in the Magnetic Peaks
Authors: Feng Bopu , Yu Xiongdong , Li Haimeng , Zhou Meng , Tang Rongxin , Ouyang Zhihai , Xiong Ying , Yuan An , Zou Wenqian , Cheng Yingqiao
Published: December 2024

Recent studies have shown that chorus waves can be guided by magnetic peaks based on one‐dimensional theories and simulations. Despite these findings, such ducting propagation within the inner magnetosphere remains unconfirmed. In this research, we conduct detailed ray tracing simulations to explore the two‐dimensional behavior of chorus waves in regions characterized by magnetic peaks. Our findings demonstrate that chorus waves can indeed be guided by magnetic peaks, undergoing repeated reflections on both sides of the peak. Additionally, we discuss the physical mechanisms responsible for these repetitive reflections, offering deeper insights into the process. To further enrich our analysis, we performed a parameter analysis to study how different wave frequencies and initial locations influence the propagation characteristics of chorus waves. The results provide a more comprehensive understanding of how whistler‐mode waves propagate within the magnetosphere, enhancing our knowledge of wave‐particle interactions and the dynamics of space plasma environments.
Stabilized Unfitted Finite Element Method for Poroelasticity With Weak Discontinuity
Authors: Liu Zhijun , Tong Yuxin , Zhang Yimin , Zheng Hong , Zhang Fanyu
Published: December 2024

Poromechanics problems in geotechnical and geological contexts often involve complex formations with numerous boundaries and material interfaces, which significantly complicate numerical analysis and simulation. The traditional finite element method (FEM) encounters substantial challenges in these scenarios because it requires the mesh to conform precisely to each boundary and interface. This requirement complicates preprocessing and necessitates meticulous manual control to achieve a high‐quality mesh. In contrast, unfitted FEMs are well‐suited for these problems as they do not require the mesh to align with the model geometry. We propose a stabilized unfitted FEM that incorporates Nitsche's method and ghost penalty stabilization techniques to address complex poroelasticity problems. This approach treats material interfaces as weak discontinuities and ensures that compatibility conditions are satisfied. The proposed method allows the mesh to be independent of both boundaries and material interfaces. Nitsche's method is used to weakly enforce both Dirichlet boundary conditions and interface compatibility conditions, resulting in a symmetric weak form. Additionally, three types of ghost penalty terms are introduced for elements intersected by boundaries or interfaces, effectively eliminating cut‐induced ill‐conditioning. The proposed methodology has been validated through benchmark and practical problems, demonstrating optimal convergence and exceptional stability. This approach significantly enhances the stability and efficiency of hydro‐mechanical analyses for complex geotechnical and geological problems.
Regimes of Cloud Vertical Structure From Active Observations
Authors: Lee Dongmin , Oreopoulos Lazaros , Cho Nayeong
Published: December 2024

We introduce a new type of cloud class, which we call “active cloud regime” (ACR), owing to its provenance from active (lidar and cloud radar) spaceborne cloud observations. ACRs intend to provide a climatological description based on cloud vertical structure (CVS) of the most prevalent monthly CVS mixtures encountered at large spatial scales of ∼400 km. ACRs are thus a way to create a gridded data set of a vertically resolved cloud mask that can facilitate joint analysis with other gridded data sets. The detailed 2D cloud mask comes from the 2B‐CLDCLASS‐LIDAR CloudSat data set fusing CALIPSO (lidar) and CloudSat (cloud radar) cloud detections. We show that the global classification of cloudiness under the ACR framework provides valuable insights on how the world's dominant cloud systems regulate the two major components of atmospheric energetics, precipitation and radiative cooling. NASA's GEOS model allows us to demonstrate the feasibility of applying the ACR concept in Earth System Models that have the capability to produce subgrid cloudiness obeying pre‐specified vertical overlap rules. Comparison of observed and simulated ACRs provides thus another means to assess the realism of modeled clouds.
Regular red-green-blue InGaN quantum wells with In content up to 40% grown on InGaN nanopyramids
Authors: Dussaigne Amélie , Paillet Colin , Rochat Névine , Cooper David , Grenier Adeline , Vézian Stéphane , Damilano Benjamin , Michon Adrien , Hyot Bérangère
Published: December 2024

Full color micro-displays with a pixel pitch of below 10 µm are needed for augmented and virtual reality applications. In the native emission approach, high efficiency Red-Green-Blue (RGB) pixels could be achieved using monolithically integrated InGaN based micro-LEDs. Here, we report the growth of high optical quality RGB InGaN/InGaN quantum wells grown on InGaN nanopyramids of diameter less than 1 µm by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy. We synthesized the nanopyramids by nanoselective area growth using an in situ patterned epitaxial graphene on SiC as an embedded mask. The RGB emission properties at different locations on the sample are dependent on the size of the InGaN nanopyramids. Advanced correlative analysis conducted on the same transmission electron microscopy lamella reveal a fully or at least nearly relaxed In0.13Ga0.87N core and very regular quantum wells emitting in the red range (620 nm) along the pyramid sidewalls with an In content up to 40%.
Tungsten disulphide nanosheet modulated fluorescent gold nanocluster immunoprobe for the detection of tau peptide: Alzheimer's disease biomarker
Authors: Abraham Merin K. , Madanan Anju S. , Varghese Susan , Shkhair Ali Ibrahim , Indongo Geneva , Rajeevan Greeshma , Kala Arathy B. , George Sony
Published: December 2024

An immunoprobe is designed with red fluorescent AuNCs and WS2 NS for tau peptide detection, an Alzheimer's disease biomarker by strong antigen–antibody interaction, with high sensitivity in human serum samples.
A covalent organic framework-based nanoreactor for enhanced chemodynamic therapy through cascaded Fenton-like reactions and nitric oxide delivery
Authors: Song Tian , Lv Jin-Zhou , Wang Bo , Li Wen-Yan , Ge Bao-Yu , Li Yan-An , Dong Yu-Bin
Published: December 2024

A covalent organic framework-based multifunctional nanomedicine, CuO2@COF-SNO, which can produce reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) to enhance chemodynamic therapy of tumors.
Top-seeded solution growth and characterization of β-Ga2O3
Authors: Song Yufei , Guo Xiaojie , Mu Wenxiang , Tao Xutang , Gao Zeliang
Published: December 2024

The bulk crystal β-Ga2O3 with a size of 7 × 13 × 4 mm3 is grown for the first time at a low temperature and with little platinum loss.
Leveraging N-exo substituents to tune the donor/acceptor properties of mesoionic imines (MIIs)
Authors: Rudolf Richard , Todorovski Andrej , Schubert Hartmut , Sarkar Biprajit
Published: December 2024

In this work, we show two synthetic routes to substitute the Nexo position of mesoionic imines (MIIs).
Completely preorganized bis-lactam-1,10-phenanthroline ligands with high stability for efficient separation of Am(iii) over Eu(iii)
Authors: Gao Fengxin , Xu Xiaocheng , Yang Xiaofan , Cao Hong , Fang Dong , Xu Lei , Xu Chao , Xiao Chengliang
Published: December 2024

The new stabilized bis-lactam-1,10-phenanthroline ligands exhibited high stability in acidic solution and excellent extraction and separation ability for Am(iii) over Eu(iii).
Triazolyl-phosphole and triazolyl-azaphosphole: synthesis, transition metal complexes and catalytic studies
Authors: Radhakrishna Latchupatula , Kote Basvaraj S. , Gourkhede Rani , Pandey Ankit , Kaur Bhupinder , Balakrishna Maravanji S.
Published: December 2024

This paper describes the synthesis, transition metal chemistry and catalytic application of phosphole and azaphosphole with triazole functionalities.
Toxicity of mercuric chloride when combined with ionic and nanoparticulate silver on Artemia salina: growth, fatty acid composition, oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation
Authors: Ravantab Nahid , Ghasemi Zahra , Johari Seyed Ali , Handy Richard D.
Published: December 2024

EC50 of Hg increased from 0.009 to 0.018 mg L−1 (two-fold) in the presence of Ag.
Quantifying the prospect of a visible-light-absorbing oxysulfide photocatalyst by probing transient absorption and photoluminescence
Authors: Shoji Ryota , Nandal Vikas , Seki Kazuhiko , Tao Xiaoping , Furube Akihiro , Hisatomi Takashi , Yoshida Hiroaki , Takata Tsuyoshi , Kaneko Masanori , Yamashita Koichi , Domen Kazunari , Matsuzaki Hiroyuki
Published: December 2024

Transient optical spectroscopies reveal the distinct decay features of photogenerated electrons and holes of the Gd2Ti2O5S2 photocatalyst. Optimization strategies and existing bottlenecks are discussed to enhance hydrogen production efficiency.
Heating dictates the scalability of CO2 electrolyzer types
Authors: Hurkmans Jan-Willem , Pelzer Henri M. , Burdyny Tom , Peeters Jurriaan , Vermaas David A.
Published: December 2024

Electrochemical CO2 reduction offers a promising method of converting renewable electrical energy into valuable hydrocarbon compounds, but upscaling generates substantial heat that poses limitations to the cell design.
Comparing conventional and novel extraction methods for chia seed mucilage as a sustainable vegan thickening agent
Authors: Tan Qiu Yi , Solanki Divyang , Badin Regis , Prakash Sangeeta
Published: December 2024

Chia seed mucilage (CSM) is a remarkable food hydrocolloid with exceptional functional properties.
Valorization of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) pod husks as a fruit pulp substitute in mango jam formulations: effects on jam qualities during storage and sensory discrimination
Authors: Nguyen Vinh-Lam , Tran Minh-Thoai , Nguyen-Thi Thuy-Diem , Nguyen Minh-Anh , Le Minh-Tri , Nguyen Tra-My , Nguyen Quoc-Duy
Published: December 2024

In this study, fruit pulp from cocoa pod husks was utilized as a substitute in mango jam at two different ratios of 25% and 50% with and without the addition of commercial pectin in comparison with normal jam made from 100% mango pulp as control.
A plant-based diet index and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a prospective study
Authors: Xu Xin , Yan Minqing , Huo Sijun , Meng Shuai , Yuan Changzheng , Wang Ping
Published: December 2024

Dose–response analysis for the relationship between a plant-based diet index (PDI) and all-cause (A), cardiovascular disease (B), and cancer (C) mortality in a Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) cancer screening study.
A review of the role of bioactive components in legumes in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Chen Mengqian , Li You , Liu Xinqi
Published: December 2024

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent a primary global health challenge.
Facile tailoring of a multi-element nanocomposite for electrocatalysis
Authors: Okasha Mohamed , Maheshwari Vivek
Published: December 2024

Multielement combinations either as high entropy alloys or as nanocomposites are highly effective electrocatalysts for key reactions such as the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER).
Bone-derived nanoparticles (BNPs) enhance osteogenic differentiation via Notch signaling
Authors: Stellpflug Austin , Caron Justin , Fasciano Samantha , Wang Bo , Wang Shue
Published: December 2024

Bone-derived nanoparticles enhance osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells through upregulating Dll4 expression.