bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theoretical study of solvent effect on elimination reactions: Hybrid-DFT study, and NBO analysis
Authors: Hasanzadeh N.
Published: January 2024

In elimination reactions, the arrangement of leaving groups plays a crucial role in facilitating the reaction. On the other hand, equatorial and axial stereoisomers of a compound have a different share of stability. The presence of a solvent plays a different role in the stability of each stereoisomer. From LC-ωPBE and B3LYP methods and Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) interpretation to investigate 3-chloro-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane (1), 3-bromo-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane (2), and 8-methyl-8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octan-3-yl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (3), was used. Investigation of thermodynamic parameters showed that equatorial stereoisomers are more stable than axial stereoisomers, and by changing the gas phase to n-hexane and water, the stability of equatorial stereoisomers increased. The stability of the equatorial stereoisomers is the result of the electrostatic model involving dipole-dipole interactions and the combined effects of hyperconjugation interactions and Total Steric Exchange Energy (TSEE). Therefore, it can be expressed that the equatorial stereoisomers of compounds 1-3 show superior performance in the elimination reaction of 1, 4 in the presence of a solvent, and this performance becomes more evident by changing the polarity of the solvent
Sistem Monitoring dan Manajemen Energi pada Pembangkit Hybrid PLTS, PLTB, dan PLN berbasis Internet of Things
Authors: Abdillah Hartawan , Asrori Tamam , Baihaqi Mas Ahmad , Prasetyo Dani Hari Tunggal , Muhammad Alief
Published: January 2024

Topologi baru dalam hybrid yaitu kedua pembangkit yang mengoptimalkan energi listrik yang dibangkitkan serta dapat termonitoring melalui Internet of Things (IoT). Dalam sistem pembangkit hybrid, IoT dapat digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data tentang produksi energi listrik dari setiap sumber seperti panel surya, turbin angin dan PLN. Data ini dapat dianalisis secara real-time untuk memantau kinerja sistem dan meningkatkan efisiensi energi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan parameter intensitas cahaya matahari, temperatur dan kecepatan angin sangat berpengaruh pada daya output dari PLTS dan PLTB sedangkan sumber PLN digunakan ketika daya dari kedua pembangkit dalam keadaan blackout.
Penggunaan Metode Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) dalam Analisis Sistem Informasi Alista (Application of Logistic and Supply Telkom Akses)
Authors: Sugiantari Ida Ayu Putu Ayunda Aprilia , Widiasih Ni Luh Ayu , Gunawan I Made Agus Oka , Indrawan Gede
Published: January 2024

PT Telkom Akses Denpasar employees are assigned to provide and prepare materials in limited quantities and time. To be fulfilled, employees do work quickly including coordination, procurement, production, product supply, including daily administration and processing information from technicians to customers to make it easier to use the Alista application. Is the perception of interface design, system ease, system acceptance attitude, behavior of using the system measured by how much influence on the real condition of the use of the system that is trusted by employees. The method used to measure the results of research using TAM. Research sample of 78 employees. Based on the analysis results it is known that 35.2% of the four independent variables namely interface design, ease of system, attitude of system acceptance, behavior of system usage affects the real conditions of the use of information systems. The results of the respondents' scores were obtained from the results of a questionnaire from all respondents towards the variable of the question studied, the results of the TAM in the percentage of 44% of respondents' answers on average strongly agreed and 55% of respondents' answers agreed.
Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Report Redaman pada Jaringan Fiber to The Home Berteknologi Gigabit Passive Optical Network di PT Telkom Akses Cibitung
Authors: Haryono Haryono , Mukiman Kikim , Masruri Fajar Habib
Published: January 2024

Perkembangan teknologi Telekomunikasi sebagai kebutuhan berkomunikasi saat ini telah berkembang sangat pesat, dibutuhkan sarana media transmisi yang mampu menyalurkan informasi dengan kapasitas besar dan kecepatan transfer data yang mumpuni, dengan menerapkan teknologi Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) maka layanan Fiber To The Home (FTTH) sampai ke user dapat dipenuhi sampai kecepatan 2,5 GBps. Penelitian ini bertujuan Untuk mengidentifikasi penyebab terjadinya naiknya redaman atau gangguan pada Fiber To The Home (FTTH). Untuk mengatasi nilai redaman yang melewati batas wajar yang telah ditentukan. Metodologi yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan Metode Link Power Budget dimana mengambil beberapa sample laporan customer yang terkendala internetnya dan dilakukan perhitungan menggunakan Link Power Budget dan pengecekan dilokasi untuk mengetahui penyebab terjadinya kerusakan. Nilai Redaman total pada kabel Fiber Optik yang terhitung mulai dari Optical Line Termination (OLT) sampai Optical Network Terminal (ONT) harus berada pada batas wajar yang telah ditentukan yaitu -13 dB sampai -28 dB. Penyebab terjadinya peningkatan nilai redaman pada kabel fiber optik seperti banyaknya splice/sambungan pada setiap kabel, kabel Fiber Optik yang kotor karena debu ,konektor dan terjadinya lekukan kabel di atas 45°. PT Telkom Akses mempunyai masalah terkait banyaknya pengaduan layanan internet yang bermasalah sehingga menyebabkan nilai KPI (Key Performance Indicator) turun. Hal itu akan berdampak terhadap revenue PT. Telkom Akses yang juga akan mengalami penurunan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah dengan merancang bangun sebuah aplikasi yang nantinya akan sangat berpengaruh terhadap jumlah pengaduan pelanggan, dimana ketika internet pelanggan mengalami gangguan maka aplikasi yang akan dibangun pada penelitian ini akan mengetahui hal tersebut, sehingga pelanggan tidak perlu melakukan pengaduan ke custommer service. Maka dampak dari aplikasi ini bisa menaikkan nilai KPI PT. Telkom Akses kembali dan PT. Telkom Akses bisa menapatkan revenue yang lebih maksimal.
STARTUP ECOSYSTEM: THE LONG-TERM VALUE OF A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR UKRAINE
Authors: Hrytsiuk Nataliia , Ivashko Olena
Published: January 2024

Ukraine is a country with immense potential for entrepreneurship, but it faces significant challenges that can hinder the growth of its entrepreneurial ecosystem. This article explores the challenges that Ukrainian entrepreneurs face and how they can be overcome, as well as the role of government and other organizations in supporting entrepreneurship. One of the biggest challenges for Ukrainian entrepreneurs is access to funding. Ukraine has a developing financial market, and it can be difficult for entrepreneurs to secure loans or investments. This is com-pounded by the lack of a well-developed venture capital market, which makes it difficult for entrepreneurs to access the capital they need to grow their businesses. The article uses quantitative methods of research, modeling the influence of factors on the efficiency of the ecosystem
КРАУДСОРСИНГ ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТ ЗМІНИ ТРАДИЦІЙНОЇ МОДЕЛІ ВІДНОСИН МІЖ БРЕНДАМИ, РОЗДРІБНОЮ ТОРГІВЛЕЮ І СПОЖИВАЧАМИ
Authors: Лялюк Алла , Рейкін Віталій , Савчук Ярослава
Published: January 2024

The article examines in detail the essence of consumer crowdsourcing and describes the relationships that arise in this case. Based on the analysis of the scientific literature, a matrix of the ratio of the intensity of consumer crowdsourcing and consumer crowd-sending was built. There are four different states that the relationship between the consumer and the platform can have due to the construction of the matrix: special relationship, thorough partnership, stimulating relationship, natural partnership. The main indicators of consumer crowdsourcing platforms are characterized: main focus, key blocks, activity. Emphasized, that the primary focus of special relationships is on the brand's core product, and the relationships that emerge are characterized by cold loyalty as consumers focus on the utilitarian benefits of the platform, such as convenience or cost savings. While the main focus of natural partnership is on the identity project, the key blocks are the public, enthusiasm, benchmarking, and the activity is aimed at self-expansion plus self-enhancement. Examples of successful use of crowdsourcing in foreign practice are described. The areas of application of crowdsourcing in retail trade are determined: financing, marketplaces, design, technologies, delivery of goods. Detailed features of the application of crowdsourcing in such a direction as the delivery of goods. It was concluded that currently crowdsourcing cannot become an alternative to traditional trade, but it can provide additional opportunities, become an effective means of strengthening relations between brands, retail trade and consumers.
ІННОВАЦІЙНІ ПІДХОДИ МАРКЕТИНГУ В ТУРИЗМІ
Authors: Милько Інна , Сак Тетяна , Савчук Ярослава
Published: January 2024

The article analyzes the activity of the tourism sector of Ukraine and the results of an online survey before the velvet season on traveling in Ukraine during a full-scale war. The regions of Ukraine with a significant increase in budget revenues from tourism entities are identified. The essence of tourism marketing is defined. The most important features of tourist demand formation are characterized. The essence of the tourism product is presented and its typical features are highlighted. New trends in tourism in connection with active digitalization are considered: «e-tourism» (ETravel), «virtual tourism», «tourist information systems». The importance of virtual tourism in the context of restrictions on the mobility of tourists, as well as innovative tourist products created using Internet technologies: augmented and virtual reality, QR codes, online booking, touch screens, geoportals, quest tours are determined.
The article provides an interpretation of marketing communications in tourism and presents innovative marketing communications in tourism. The challenges of Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine, which have changed the main trends in the innovative development of the tourism sector, are considered.
The top 10 startups in the travel industry are highlighted: Holidify, Bikemap, Tripoto, PickYourTrail, ClickBus, Hundredrooms, Zostel, Trawell.in, GoRaymi, Journi. The ranking is based on the startup’s place in the global startup ranking. The advantages and functional purpose of Ukrainian startups in the field of tourism are characterized: Bookimed, 2event, Silence, Viaguide.
ЕКОНОМІКО-МАТЕМАТИЧНЕ МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ У ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ
Authors: Скорук Олена
Published: January 2024

The article examines modern aspects of the use of mathematical models in solving problems of sustainable development of enterprises. The essence of the concept of sustainable development was considered and its importance for enterprises in the modern dynamic business environment was determined. The role of mathematical modeling in the decision-making process based on the application of specific methods and tools that help to analyze and optimize the production processes of economic entities in the context of sustainable development is studied. A complex of specialized mathematical models used for modeling sustainable development is considered, including such aspects as linear and non-linear programming, simulation theory, game theory, differential equations, etc. The peculiarities of the application of these models in the activities of enterprises were analyzed and their effectiveness in ensuring the achievement of sustainable development was determined. Practical examples of the implementation of economic and mathematical models at enterprises of various industries on the basis of reducing resource consumption, optimizing production processes, waste and risk management strategies, as well as planning future investments in sustainable development were studied. The importance of the development and improvement of economic-mathematical modeling methods for achieving the goals of sustainable development of economic entities is determined. The essence of challenges and obstacles that arise in the process of implementing economic and mathematical models to achieve sustainable development of enterprises, which include the objective need for access to a large amount of data, the complexity of interaction with counterparties, as well as the instability of the modern economic environment, is considered. Strategies and recommendations for overcoming these challenges are proposed, including the development of information systems and the actualization of the needs of business entities regarding the importance of sustainable development. The necessity of integrating mathematical models in the planning and economic activities of enterprises to achieve the efficiency of their sustainable development is determined. The importance of applying economic-mathematical modeling to increase the efficiency of enterprises and stimulate their sustainable activity to achieve strategic goals is proven.
СТРАТЕГІЧНИЙ УПРАВЛІНСЬКИЙ ОБЛІК В СИСТЕМІ ПРИЙНЯТТЯ ЕФЕКТИВНИХ УПРАВЛІНСЬКИХ РІШЕНЬ НА ПІДПРИЄМСТВІ
Authors: Ребрина Ніна
Published: January 2024

The article examines the specifics of the role of strategic management accounting in the process of making effective management decisions at the enterprise in modern conditions. The mechanism of the use of the tools of strategic management accounting by enterprises to ensure the achievement of competitive advantages in the market, as well as to increase the productivity of the management system, is considered. The relationship between strategic management accounting and the process of management decision-making is studied, taking into account that an effective strategic accounting system can become a key factor for successful business development. The main aspects of strategic management accounting are studied, including the definition of strategic goals, the collection and analysis of information, the development of key performance indicators and the identification of strategic alternatives. The influence of modern information technologies on the development of strategic management accounting and the possibilities of their implementation in practice are considered. It was determined that the use of strategic management accounting can provide enterprises with a systematic improvement in the quality of management decisions, reduce risks and increase the efficiency of business processes. The importance of strategic management accounting for ensuring the successful functioning of modern enterprises has been proved, and recommendations for improving this process have been formed. The key aspects of the internal and external environment that affect strategic management accounting are considered, including such factors as changes in legislation, the competitive situation on the market, changes in consumer demands, new technological trends, as well as the mechanism of their influence on the decision-making process and accounting. It was determined that strategic management accounting is a relevant tool for business entities in modern conditions of uncertainty and dynamic changes in the business environment, as it enables enterprises to be flexible and respond to changes in a timely manner, while creating conditions for achieving defined strategic goals. The importance of implementing strategic management accounting in modern business as a key factor in making effective management decisions in order to ensure the sustainable development of enterprises in dynamic conditions of market competition and uncertainty is proven.
MAIN DIRECTIONS OF CONSULTING ACTIVITIES IN THE FIELD OF PERSONAL INCOME TAXATION AND AVOIDANCE OF DOUBLE TAXATION
Authors: Grudzevych Yuliya , Kulynych Myroslava , Skoruk Olena
Published: January 2024

The article gives the reasons for its occurrence, structures the process of obtaining income outside the tax environment of Ukraine. Types of income and rates are described, definition of tax resident status is provided. The main provisions of international agreements, which taxpayers need to pay attention to, are presented, namely, types of activities and income, a list of taxes, their rates, and the presence of special conditions for their application. An important aspect of the study is the criteria for determining residency, including the period of residence in the country, the center of vital interests, business registration, and real estate acquisition. The article also provides an example of salary taxation by a resident of Ukraine, provided such income is generated in Lithuania, tax rates are given, the amount of taxes is calculated, and the process of crediting taxes withheld by a tax agent, declaring income, and paying the tax difference is detailed. The article also structures the process of declaring income received abroad, defines the sphere of professional interests of the consultant. Consultants for the specified type of activity can provide general consultations, check the reporting prepared by the taxpayer and provide a full range of services, which includes the calculation of the amount of income, the preparation of a tax declaration on property and income and further support, correspondence with the State Tax Service of Ukraine.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЗДІЙСНЕННЯ ПУБЛІЧНИХ ЗАКУПІВЕЛЬ В ЕКСТРЕМАЛЬНИХ УМОВАХ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ДЕРЖАВИ
Authors: Карлін Микола , Больчук Артур
Published: January 2024

The article reveals the role of public procurement in the public finance system of Ukraine in the extreme conditions of its operation in the last 15 years and the need to overcome the long-term consequences of the coronavirus pandemic and Russia's war against our country. The need to strengthen state regulation of this process is emphasized, since in the extreme conditions of the functioning of Ukraine, only the state can effectively resist the specified challenges, as well as the so-called "black swans". At the same time, the erroneous transfer of the so-called military tax on citizens' incomes from the budgets of local self-government bodies to the State Budget of Ukraine in 2024 is emphasized, which contradicts the provisions of the Budget Code of Ukraine.
The authors also analyzed the features of public procurement in the EU countries to eliminate the consequences of the coronavirus and the energy blockade of the countries of the European Union by Russia after its war against Ukraine. It is emphasized that in these conditions EU countries accelerate the implementation of "green" projects and allocate additional funds for them, which is important to take into account in Ukraine in the process of rebuilding its economy.
The article examines the problems that exist in Ukraine under martial law when conducting tender procurements and taxing their Ukrainian participants, as well as problems in the activities of the country's controlling structures in the field of public procurement control and planned ways to overcome them, taking into account the experience of the countries of the European Union. primarily Poland. It is emphasized that a significant part of the problems in the defense sphere of Ukraine can be solved by innovative entrepreneurship with a significant increase in public orders for similar products.
The authors also substantiate the directions of reforming the mechanism of public procurement in Ukraine in the conditions of reconstruction, taking into account the experience of the EU countries regarding measures to introduce the European Green Course; identified financial positives and problems of public procurement after the entry into force of the new version of the Law of Ukraine "On Public Procurement"; researched forms of financial responsibility of participants and customers of public procurement in Ukraine under martial law and their effectiveness.
Development of Learning Tools Oriented to the BRADeR Learning Model to Facilitate Teachers in Teaching Science Literacy
Authors: Siagian Asister Fernando , Simamora Rianita , Simamora Aprido Bernando
Published: January 2024

Literacy in science is one of the essential skills needed by students in the 21st century. Teachers require science literacy-based instructional tools to enhance students' science literacy skills. One alternative learning model to improve science literacy skills is the BRADeR learning model. However, there is currently a lack of instructional tools based on the BRADeR learning model. This study aims to determine the validity and feasibility of the instructional tools developed oriented towards the BRADeR learning model to facilitate teachers in teaching science literacy. This research and development study adopts the model proposed by Borg & Gall. The development model consists of three phases: preliminary research, development or prototyping, and assessment phase. Data collection methods for validity and reliability use the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) method, and observation is conducted for lesson feasibility. The developed instructional tools include syllabi, lesson plans, student textbooks, student activity sheets, and science literacy skill tests. The validity of the instructional tools is assessed based on format, content, presentation feasibility, and language for each component. Reliability is analyzed using the percentage of agreement. To determine the ease of use for teachers in implementing the developed tools, the feasibility of lessons conducted by teachers in the classroom is observed. The results of the validity assessment by science education experts indicate that all BRADeR-oriented instructional tools developed fall into the highly valid and reliable category. Observations on the feasibility of lessons conducted by teachers fall into the good category. Thus, it can be concluded that the BRADeR-oriented instructional tools developed can be used by teachers to teach science and enhance the science literacy skills of junior high school students.
El impacto del CPTPP en México y los mercados asiáticos
Authors: Jaramillo-Ramos Daniela , Palomo Miguel A.
Published: January 2024

Para México, la entrada al Tratado Integral y Progresista de Asociación Transpacífico (Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership, CPTPP por sus siglas en inglés) significa una gran apertura comercial a los mercados del transpacífico. En esta investigación comparamos y analizamos los beneficios que tenían México y los otros 11 países antes de la salida de Estados Unidos, así como los beneficios del actual CPTPP, y de una posible adición de China al Tratado. México y los países de América Latina, aún con la salida de Estados Unidos, son los que se ven más beneficiados.. Si bien es cierto que se ha creado una dependencia con el país vecino, el CPTPP cambia el panorama para México de manera favorable con el acceso a nuevos mercados. La adición de China es relevante debido a que tiene el potencial para cuadruplicar las ganancias esperadas, así como abrir acceso a otros 5 mercados.
Business Model Innovation in the Digital Era. A Case Study from the Real Estate Sector
Authors: Gutiérrez-Leefmans Manuela
Published: January 2024

Las empresas que migran al canal digital requieren un modelo de negocio exitoso que enfatice la propuesta de valor, el uso de la tecnología y la creación de flujos de ingresos. A través del tiempo, los modelos necesitan ciertos ajustes en estas áreas. Usando un caso de estudio de una exitosa compañía de bienes raíces del Reino Unido, este documento presenta un ejemplo de innovación de modelo de negocios que destaca el papel de la escala de usuarios. Se enfoca en el uso de la tecnología Web 2.0, ya que la compañía ofrece un foro de discusión. Entrevistas a profundidad, datos secundarios y el análisis del contenido del sitio web se utilizan para mostrar la trayectoria de la empresa. Los resultados muestran que, para un modelo sostenible, son las actividades de adquisición y retención de usuarios, las que mantienen el tráfico necesario para que el modelo funcione y genere nuevas fuentes de ingresos. Esto es aún más relevante para un mercado de tres vías.
Innovación: Una válvula de escape para enfrentar el entorno de negocios del siglo XXI
Authors: Cruz Jesús , Salinas Octavio
Published: January 2024

El entorno actual de los negocios se caracteriza por mercados con híper competencia, globalizados y con canales de venta digitales. En un planeta que enfrenta importantes retos económicos, ambientales y sociales, la innovación es un elemento que permite desarrollar ventajas competitivas en una organización, asegurar su supervivencia, enfrentar la competencia en el mercado y alcanzar los resultados financieros ambicionados. El interés por investigar el fenómeno de la innovación se ha incrementado en los últimos años, adoptando diversos enfoques y herramientas para su medición. No obstante existen pocas aportaciones que se centran en las pymes y su relación con el desarrollo de la innovación. El objetivo de este estudio es diseñar un modelo para identificar los factores determinantes de la innovación en las pymes. Este modelo en cuenta cinco elementos que son necesarios para desarrollar nuevos productos y servicios además de procesos o modelos de negocio.
Modeling the dynamic semantics of a computer program
Authors: Iklassova K. , Kozhakhmetova R.
Published: January 2024

In this paper, two approaches are used to construct the dynamic semantics of computer programs: the first is the representation of mathematical models of computational processes generated by a computer program in the form of a discrete transformer; the second is the representation of the mathematical model of a computer program in terms of functional grammars. The study focuses on the computational process generated by a computer program. Application of the discrete transducers concept to describe computational processes allows us to obtain a mathematical model or dynamic semantics of a program, which is a composition of two discrete systems B and C. In this case, component A is a control component (a model of the program block diagram), and component B is a model of the program memory. The decomposition of a program into two components B and B is convenient when studying the process of modelling a computational process. This is due to the fact that the prospects of searching for invariants in critical nodes of a programme for mathematical proof of correctness of a computer programme are opened. The comparative analysis of the two approaches leads to the theorem on the regularity of the representation of a function generated by a programme within the framework of functional grammar.
The Relationship between Seagrass Type Density and CO2 Emissions in Negeri Waai Waters, Salahutu District, Central Maluku Regency
Authors: Siahaya More , Tupan Charlotha I. , Rahman Rahman
Published: January 2024

Masyarakat pesisir menghasilkan limbah domestik anorganik maupun organik. Limbah tersebut sebagian tertahan dan terendapkan pada ekosistem lamun dan terdekomposisi yang menyebabkan pelepasan gas CO2. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan kepadatan lamun dan emisi gas CO2 yang ada di pesisir Negeri Waai, Kabupaten Maluku Tengah. Metode penelitian menggunakan sungkup silinder dan analisis emisi gas mengacu pada hasil analisa kromatografi gas (GC-MS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa emisi CO2 terbesar pada stasiun I ditemukan pada spesies C. rotundata yaitu 55.91 mg/m2/jam dan yang terendah pada spesies E. acoroides yaitu 5.51 mg/m2/jam. Sementara pada stasiun II dan III, emisi terbesar ditemukan pada spesies T. hemprichii dengan nilai masing – masing sebesar 66.68 mg/m2/jam dan 33.57 mg/m2/jam. Sementara itu, hubungan kepadatan lamun jenis E. acoroides terhadap emisi CO2 diformulasikan dengan y = 11,318x – 8,3343 dan tingkat korelasi sangat kuat (r = 0,93). Hal yang serupa terlihat pada lamun jenis C. rotundata dan T. hemprichii dengan persamaan regresi linier  masing – masing y = 14,284x + 10,751 (r = 0,9629) dan y = 19.085x (r = 0,96). Hal tersebut menunjukkan semakin padat lamun, maka semakin banyak bahan organik yang dapat didekomposisi untuk pembentukan emisi CO2. Selain itu, emisi yang tinggi juga dapat dipengaruhi oleh epifit mikroalga yang melakukan respirasi sehingga memicu peningkatan emisi CO2 di atmosif.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Risk Factors and Diagnosis
Authors: Syafinatunnajah Ghina , Rizkia Ananda , Widyantari Donna Diva , Putri Ni Pt Wr Pradnya Nirmala , Budyono Catarina
Published: January 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma, also known as hepatocarcinoma, is the most frequent type of primary liver cancer and the world's second leading cause of death, with a mortality rate of 700.000 per year. Due to the difficulty in diagnosing hepatocarcinoma because there are no obvious symptoms, the survival rate of hepatocarcinoma patients is still very low, particularly in Southeast Asian countries. Hepatocarcinoma is still a major health issue in Indonesia, with a very low median survival rate. The number of risk factors that cause hepatocarcinoma is what causes differences in hepatocarcinoma incidence across countries. This literature review aims to determine risk factors and to confirm the diagnosis of hepatocarcinoma. This literature review was conducted using the keywords “Hepatocellular Carcinoma AND risk factors AND diagnosis” from PubMed, Google Scholar, and non-peer-reviewed literature. This article uses 16 articles that were used as references in its preparation. In conclusion, hepatitis B and C virus, liver cirrhosis, fatty liver disease, diabetes, alcohol use, aflatoxin exposure, aristolochic acid exposure, smoking, and HIV are risk factors for hepatocarcinoma. On all individuals with hepatocarcinoma risk factors, screening procedures with US and AFP were carried out. An abdominal CT scan or an MRI with contrast can both be used to provide a firm diagnosis of hepatocarcinoma. A liver biopsy is used to confirm the diagnosis of space-occupying lesions that lack typical imaging characteristics.
Diversity of Orchids in Tahura Nuraksa Central Lombok as Enrichment of Biodiversity Subject
Authors: Sipayung Dita Anggraini Safitri , Santoso Didik , Japa Lalu
Published: January 2024

This study was done to determine the diversity of orchid species, population structure (abundance, diversity, dominance and distribution patterns) of orchids found in the Tahura Nuraksa and to make a booklet as enrichment of biodiversity courses. The research was conducted at the Tahura Nuraksa Resort, Kalipalang, Central Lombok. The method used in this study was descriptive exploratory by determining the location of observation using purposive sampling method and sampling by using non-destructive and exploratory methods. The results showed that there were 544 individuals from 18 species of orchid . An abundance of orchids of 1% was in the low category, and the dominance of orchids is 0,15% which means that there was a dominant species of orchids, namely Spathoglottis plicata. The orchids diversity index was 2.25 (medium category) and the distribution pattern of orchids in the study sites was generally uniform. The booklet is declared worthy of being an enrichment for study of biodiversity.
Use of NPK Fertilizer for Cultivating Eucheuma spinosum Seaweed at Different Doses on a Laboratory Scale
Authors: Yatin Nur , Cokrowati Nunik , Azhar Fariq
Published: January 2024

Seaweed is a low-level plant whose roots, stems and leaves cannot be distinguished from each other and is better known as a thallus. Seaweed is one of the leading fisheries commodities. This study aims to analyze the growth and carrageenan content of Eucheuma spinosum given Nitrogen, Phosphate and Potassium (NPK) fertilizer at different doses. The method used was an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatmentsa are P0 (control), P1 (2 g/l), P2 (2.5 g/l), and P3 (3 g/l). Each treatment was repeated 3 times. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, then if further tests were carried out, the Duncan test was used. The results showed that seaweed E. spinosum which was maintained for 30 days had a survival rate, final weight, final length and carrageenan yield ranging between 16.1% - 50.1%, 3.23 g - 10.13 g respectively, 10 cm - 17.6 cm and 6.75% - 10.86% with the best treatment, namely at a fertilizer dose of 2.5 g/l, while the best carrageenan yield treatment was found in the control treatment. This study concluded that E. spinosum seaweed given different doses had a real effect on survival and final weight. The highest survival rate and final weight were found in the 2.5 g/l dose treatment, namely 50.6% and 10.13 g, and the control treatment gave a higher yield of carrageenan than the other treatments, namely 10.86%.
Age and Parity as Risk Factors for Childbirth Complications: A Systematic Review
Authors: Putri Erdira Natasya , Warnaini Cut
Published: January 2024

Maternal deaths result from complications during, after pregnancy and childbirth. Factors affecting maternal mortality in Indonesia are 4 too and 3 too late. The main causes that account for nearly 75% of all maternal deaths are postpartum hemorrhage, infection, high blood pressure during pregnancy, complications from childbirth and unsafe abortion. This study aimed to analyze, synthesize, summarize and compare the results of one study with another on "The Relationship of Age and Parity to the Incidence of Complications of Childbirth. The method used in this study was to search various online data centers namely PubMed, Science Direct, Directory of Open Access Journals, Wiley, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Scopus. It was found that advanced maternal age and parity status was associated with an increased risk of delivery or obstetrics complication.
The Relationship Between The Total Count of Leukocyte Types and Formahldehyde Induction in Wistar Rats
Authors: Negara Anak Agung Bagus Tito Indra Prawira , Wedayani Anak Agung Ayu Niti , Dirja Bayu Tirta
Published: January 2024

Formaldehyde is a chemical compound with a high level of toxicity. In the industrial sector, formaldehyde is commonly found in cosmetic products, resins, adhesives, plastics, and wood products. Therefore, the objective of this research is to determine the effect of formaldehyde induction with concentrations of 20 ppm, 30 ppm, and 40 ppm on the total count of leukocyte types. This study is a qualitative research with a true experimental design employing a post-test only control group design. The study used male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) totaling 24 individuals, which were divided into 4 groups: a control group and 3 treatment groups. Each group consisted of 6 rats induced with formaldehyde at concentrations of 20 ppm, 30 ppm, and 40 ppm. The Wistar rats will be terminated, and retro-orbital blood sampling will be conducted to count the various types of leukocytes in order to determine whether there are differences in leukocyte type counts among rats induced with formaldehyde. Data analysis will employ the Kruskal-Wallis test. The results of this study showed that there was a statistically significant difference (p <0.05) between formaldehyde and the total count of leukocyte types. In this study, it was found that there is a decrease in the total count of leukocyte types in the formaldehyde-exposed groups at 40 ppm, 30 ppm, and 20 ppm when compared to the control group.
Marine Organisms as Potential Sources of Inhibits ACE on Hypertension Patient
Authors: Perwita Alma Dyah , Alisyahbana Adam Trojan , Maulida Adinda Ilsa , Mawaddah Alfia , Ramzi Ali , Saputri Legis Ocktaviana
Published: January 2024

Abstract:

Hypertension is a condition of chronic high blood pressure in the systemic arteries which is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, kidney disorders, and death. There are two types of hypertension, the primary hypertension is thought to be caused by hereditary factors, age, gender, race, and an unhealthy lifestyle. Secondary hypertension is caused by an obvious cause. The prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia is quite high with the highest incidence rate in South Kalimantan (44,1%) and the lowest in Papua (22,2%). The pathophysiology of hypertension involves the enzyme Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) which plays a role in regulating blood pressure. The process of converting Angiotensinogen to Angiotensin I, then Angiotensin II by ACE can cause vasoconstriction and fluid retention, which contribute to hypertension. The changes in circulation and blood vessel structure have played a role in the risk of hypertension complications, including stroke. The marine organisms such as fish, shellfish, cephalopods, seaweed, and algae contain peptides with antihypertensive, anticoagulant, antithrombotic, and hypercholesterolemic activities. For example, hydrolyzate of the jellyfish, Rhopilema esculentum can inhibit ACE with a high level of effectiveness. The current hypertension treatment often uses synthetic drugs such as ACE inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs), but these have undesirable side effects. Therefore, bioactive peptides from marine organisms can be an efficient and safe natural alternative. The research on protein hydrolysates from various sources has found ACE inhibitory activity and several peptides such as Trp-Pro-Met-Gly-Phe (WPMGF) and APP, KPLL, and VYPFPGPIPNSLPQNIPP were identified to have strong ACE inhibitory activity. These findings indicate the potential use of bioactive peptides from marine organisms as a natural alternative for the treatment and prevention of hypertension.
Size Distribution and Habitat Characteristics of Coconut Crabs (Birgus latro) in Tomajiko, Hiri Island District, Ternate City, Province North Maluku
Authors: Serosero Rugaya H. , Abubakar Yuyun , Subur Riyadi , Sabar Mesrawati , Saman  , Fadel Ariyanti H. , Rina  , Widiyanti Sri Endah , Abubakar Salim
Published: January 2024

Coconut crabs (Birgus latro) is a fishery resource that is only found in eastern Indonesia, and the waters of Ternate City are an area that has this potential.  This research aims to determine the size distribution and habitat characteristics of coconut crabs in Tomajiko, Hiri Island District. The data collection method consists of several stages, namely determining stations, distributing bait, catching coconut crabs, morphometric measurements, and observing environmental parameters. Determination of stations in this study was carried out based on topographic differences in Tomajiko (divided into two stations). Coconut crab catching uses the roaming survey method. The bait used is coconut meat that has been split into several parts and coconut meat that has been mashed. The morphometric dimensions measured were chest length (carapace length) and body weight. The habitat characteristics observed were the type and extent of vegetation, organic matter content and substrate texture, environmental parameter measurements (soil temperature, air humidity and soil pH). The results of the research showed that the coconut crabs caught at both stations had relatively the same length, but the largest weight was found at station 2. Habitat characteristics in Tomajiko, Hiri Island strongly support the survival of coconut crabs.
Form and Type of Familum in The Tuber Family
Authors: Putri Adelia , Alfisyahrin Aura , Khairani Diah , Hutabarat Lusia Selvina Br , Sarjani Tri Mustika
Published: January 2024

Starch is a type of polysaccharide formed from the polymerization of glucose. Starch is also known as starch which is a widespread reserve polysaccharide in plants. Starch is also defined as a complex carbohydrate which is very important as a food source. The purpose of this research is to determine the shape and type of starch in the tuber family. This research was conducted using descriptive methods. The purpose of this study is to describe and describe the characteristics of the forms and types of starch.Based on the results of observations, it can be concluded that the starch in taro, cassava, porang and jicama tubers has a concentric type and has regular and irregular round shapes, while potato tubers have an eccentric type and are oval or oblong in shape.Potato tubers have the highest starch of the five tubers because potatoes have a dense starch structure and contain a lot of starch or starch.
Estimation of Variance and Heritability Components in F2 Populations of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Dry Land
Authors: Adeputri Amanah Aulia , Fauzi M. Taufik , Suwardji  , Sudharmawan A. A. Ketut
Published: January 2024

The F2 population of maize plants that has been obtained from hybridization between NK212 and NK7328 varieties has not been suspected of genetic diversity components and heritability in the narrow sense. This study aimed to determine the magnitude of the alleged value of variety components and heritability, as well as determine the types of varieties to be formed. The experimental design used was the Group Randomized Design (RAK) - North Carrolina I (NCI) consisting of 120 treatments. The experimental setup involved 40 male parent plants, each paired with 3 female parent plants in season I, and this procedure was replicated twice, resulting in a total of 240 treatment groups. The collected data was subjected to analysis through variety analysis (ANOVA) utilizing the NCI model. The results showed that the presumptive value of additive variety and dominant variety based on the results of data analysis varied, but in all observed traits the dominant variety value tended to be greater. Most of the observed traits have a negative heritability presumptive value, except for stem diameter, panicle exit age, fresh pruning weight, and 1000 seed weights. The conclusion obtained is that most of the observed properties have additive variance values and negative heritability values; the dominant variance value in all observed properties is greater than that of additive variety; The heritability of most traits cannot be predicted because they are negative. Therefore, it is advisable for the improvement of the F2 population is with the formation of hybrids.
Genetic Diversity of Bananas (Musa spp.) in Pesawaran District, Lampung Province Based on Sequence Related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP) Marker
Authors: Agustin Leni , Ernawati Eti , Sulistyaningsih Lulut Dwi , Mahfut
Published: January 2024

Banana (Musa spp.) is a leading commodity that makes a major contribution to national fruit production. One of the districts in Lampung Province which has a significant contribution to Indonesia's banana production is Pesawaran Regency. The molecular marker used in this study is Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP). This study aims to determine the genetic diversity of bananas, determine the suitable combination of SRAP primers to determine the genetic diversity of bananas and determine the similarity relationship of bananas in the Pesawaran District. The total genomic DNA was extracted using DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Geneaid) according to the protocol from the manufacturer followed by their amplification using SRAP primers. Similarity analysis was carried out based on similarity index values and dendrogram construction using the NTSYS 2.0 program. Research results show that a total of 204 loci (167 polymorphic loci and 37 monomorphic loci) were obtained from 9 selected primer combinations. The genetic diversity of 19 banana cultivars originating from Pesawaran Regency resulted in low genetic diversity values (0-0.27). Banana kinship based on Sequence Related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP) markers divided 19 banana cultivar samples and 4 wild banana samples into 2 large clusters with similarity coefficient values between 0.70-0.97.
Evaluation of the Mangrove Ecosystem Conditions in Wundulako Sub-District and Their Consequences on Insect Diversity
Authors: Fitra Ramad Arya , Bulaka Bardan , Hidayanti Reski
Published: January 2024

Insect diversity is believed to serve as one of the bioindicators for the condition of an ecosystem.In this investigation, data pertaining to the density of mangroves were collected by extracting samples from designated stations. This was achieved by utilizing the transect line and quadrat approach, known as the Transect Line Plot method. The data were gathered through observation plots measuring 10x10 m2, aiming to document the mangrove vegetation categorized as trees.At each station, any insect samples identified were subjected to characterization based on their morphological traits, utilizing an insect identification guide.Based on the research results, there are six mangrove species among themfindings obtained through field research at four observation station sites unveiled the existence of six distinct variations of mangrove forest types within the coastal region of Wundulako District. Among these, four types belonged to the Rhizophoraceae family, specifically Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora Mucronata, Ceriopstagal, and Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza, . Additionally, there was one species from the Combretaceae family, Lumnitzeraand Racemosa, and another from the Sonneratiaceae family, Sonneratia Alba. Generally, the density of the mangrove ecosystem was determined to be ranging from moderate to dense.Furthermore, a scrutiny of the insect diversity index yielded values of 1.23 for Station I, 1.39 for Station II, 1.36 for station III, and 1.69 for sStation IV. Based on the findings derived from the research, it is plausible to conclude that the condition of the mangrove ecosystem in Wundulako District across the four stations varies from limited to extensive. Additionally, the outcomes from the insect diversity index suggest a relatively reduced level of insect diversity.
Semen Evaluation, Preparation of Bangkok Roosters, and Insemination to Indonesian Native Hens
Authors: Asnawi  , Maskur  , Dradjat Adji Santoso , Muhsinin Muhammad
Published: January 2024

The success of artificial insemination in chickens is very dependent on sperm quality. Sperm temperature and diluent during storage can affect sperm quality. This study evaluated the quality of Bangkok chicken sperm diluted with 5% glucose and NaCl stored at 5 ⁰C and 26 ⁰C. The research design used was completely randomized. The data obtained were analyzed using a variance. The results showed that the motility of sperm preserved for 9 hours at 26 ⁰C with infused NaCl and Glucose 5% differed significantly (P< 0.05) with motility of 50±0.0% and 34±8.94%, respectively. While preservation under 5 ⁰C for 9 hours with NaCl, better than Glucose 5% (P<0.05) with motility of 58.00±10.95% and 38.00±10.95%, respectively. The viability of sperm preserved at 26 ⁰C with glucose 5% extender was better than NaCl (P<0.05) with a value of 58.93±1.27% and 33.43±1.27%, respectively. While preservation at 5 ⁰C of viabilities of sperm under Glucose 10% and NaCl were not significantly different (P>0.05) from values of 52.57±5.15% and 48.14±8.09%, respectively. The abnormality of sperm stored at 26 ⁰C and 5 ⁰C for 9 hours with NaCl and Glucose 5% were not different (P>0.05). Insemination using 100 million sperm with infused NaCl extender from 18 eggs produced 94.44% (n=17) fertility and 72.22% (n=13) hatchability. While insemination using infuse glucose 5% extender, 11 eggs produced 63.64% (n=7) fertility and 54.54% (n=6) hatchability. The infusing NaCl extender produced better sperm quality, fertility, and hatchability than glucose 5% at 5 ⁰C.
Literature Review: Potential of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) as a Source of Natural Antioxidants
Authors: Ghina Mutiara , Yuniarti Elsa , Atifah Yusni
Published: January 2024

Indonesia is a country known for its richness in spices, one of the spices that is widely used by the people of Indonesia is coriander. Coriander is a spice that has many antioxidant compounds and biological activities that have the potential to be utilized as a source of natural antioxidants. The purpose of writing this article is to find out the potential of coriander plants as a source of natural antioxidants through literature review. The method used in writing this article is a Literature Review Article (LRA) with the Preferred Reposting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) approach. Based on the results of the reviewed articles, 11 relevant articles were obtained stating that coriander has the potential as a source of natural antioxidants. coriander extract and its antioxidant compounds have biological activities such as antiinflammatory, antidiabetic, anticholesterol, and anticancer, so they can be used as herbs in the treatment of disease.