bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phonetics and Phonology of Transparent Vowels in Hungarian
Authors: Benus Stefan , Gafos Adamantios , Goldstein Louis
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Phonetic Sources of Phonological Patterns: Synchronic and Diachronic Explanations (2003)
Positional Markedness as a By-Product of the Learning Situation
Authors: Kochetov Alexei
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Phonetic Sources of Phonological Patterns: Synchronic and Diachronic Explanations (2003)
Reexamining Condition C Effects
Authors: Shiobara Kayono
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Phonetic Sources of Phonological Patterns: Synchronic and Diachronic Explanations (2003)
Some Methodological Issues in Phonetic Typology Research: Cantonese Contour Tone Revisited
Authors: Yu Alan C. L.
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Phonetic Sources of Phonological Patterns: Synchronic and Diachronic Explanations (2003)
Syllabically Conditioned Perceptual Epenthesis
Authors: Kabak Baris , Idsardi William
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Phonetic Sources of Phonological Patterns: Synchronic and Diachronic Explanations (2003)
A Common Structure for Cross-Linguistic Conjunction Patterns
Authors: Smith Marcus
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Phonetic Sources of Phonological Patterns: Synchronic and Diachronic Explanations (2003)
Analogical Modeling: Exemplars, Rules, and Quantum Computing
Authors: Skousen Royal
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Phonetic Sources of Phonological Patterns: Synchronic and Diachronic Explanations (2003)
Contrast and Phonological Activity in the Nez Perce Vowel System
Authors: Mackenzie Sara , Dresher B. Elan
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Phonetic Sources of Phonological Patterns: Synchronic and Diachronic Explanations (2003)
Does most mean ‘more than half’?
Authors: Ariel Mira
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Phonetic Sources of Phonological Patterns: Synchronic and Diachronic Explanations (2003)
English Locative Inversion: Grammatical Interfaces and Constructions
Authors: Kim Jong-Bok
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Phonetic Sources of Phonological Patterns: Synchronic and Diachronic Explanations (2003)
I Bet You Think This Paper is About You: Participant Roles and you
Authors: Eggert Randall
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Phonetic Sources of Phonological Patterns: Synchronic and Diachronic Explanations (2003)
Junctural and Parasitic Voicing in Burmese
Authors: Vanbik Kenneth
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Phonetic Sources of Phonological Patterns: Synchronic and Diachronic Explanations (2003)
Lexical Confusability and Degree of Coarticulation
Authors: Scarborough Rebecca Anne
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Phonetic Sources of Phonological Patterns: Synchronic and Diachronic Explanations (2003)
A Psycholinguistic Theory of Loanword Adaptations
Authors: Peperkamp Sharon
Published: July 2015

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Compositional Interaction of Sub-Event Aspectual Markers, -in- and Reduplication, in Tagalog
Authors: Cihlar Jonathon Eric
Published: July 2015

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Constructional Fast Mapping
Authors: Casenhiser Devin , Goldberg Adele
Published: July 2015

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Effect of Neutralization Rules on Tone Perception
Authors: Huang Tsan
Published: July 2015

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History in Support of Synchrony
Authors: Harris Alice C.
Published: July 2015

In a recent paper I argued that diachronic linguistics can explain certain typological phenomena that are otherwise problematic; in the present paper I want to discuss two other ways the study of historical data can contribute to synchronic linguistics. In §1 I argue that consideration of a prior stage of a language offers the kind of insight also provided by the examination of closely related languages. In §2 I show that diachronic data offer a way of testing hypotheses and claims.
Learning Japanese Case: Overextensions and the Effects of Feedback
Authors: Suzuki Takaaki
Published: July 2015

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Measuring the Relationship of Structure to Use: Determinants of the Extent of Recycle in Repetition Repair
Authors: Kapatsinski Vsevolod
Published: July 2015

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The Evolution of Hierarchical Structure in Language
Authors: Brown J. C. , Golston Chris
Published: July 2015

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Doing Without Word Order and Inflections: The Case of British Sign Language
Authors: Deuchar Margaret
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the 4th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1978), pp. 78-87
False Starts Can be True
Authors: Polanyi Livia
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the 4th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1978), pp. 628-639
Functional Universals
Authors: Heath Jeffery
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the 4th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1978), pp. 86-95
Setting the table for a hotter, flatter, more crowded earth: insects on the menu?
Authors: Ramaswamy S.B.
Published: July 2015

The earth’s population is expected to exceed well over nine billion by 2050, and we will need to meet humanity’s need for food, feed, fuel, fibre, and shelter, with a minimal ecological footprint. The ‘9 billion problem’ has implications for how we grow and view food now and in the future. Insects have served as a food source for humanity since the first bipedal human ancestor started walking the African savannahs. Today, insect eating is rare in the western world, but remains a significant source of food for people in other cultures; indeed, over 1,900 species of insects are consumed by more than two billion people in more than 80 countries. Insects can potentially be part of the toolkit to meet humanity’s food security needs in the context of grand global challenges. In this paper I discuss the many advantages of using insects as food and feed, and the challenges that need to be addressed in order to realise the potential of using insects to meet humanity’s food security needs.
Low Embodied Energy Sustainable Building Materials and Technologies
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Chani P.S. , Deoliya Rajesh
Published: July 2015

Construction industry is one of the largest consumers of the natural resources and responsible for substantial amount of CO2 emission in the world. The purpose of this paper is to carry out comprehensive literature review on the low embodied energy materials and techniques used in the existing and / or new buildings in India. The paper also compares the conventional building materials and techniques, with alternative ones to assess their superiority. An investigation into the energy consumed by the building materials and techniques is computed to find out the embodied energy requirements to prove superiority of innovative construction techniques over traditional materials.
Application of Polymer-Mortar Composites as a Sustainable Building Material
Authors: Benosman A.S. , Senhadji Y. , Mouli M.
Published: July 2015

In a number of countries, important research projects are nowadays carried out and are mainly devoted to developing original approaches to sustainability in order to improve the lifetime of reinforced concrete structures. This paper describes an innovative use of plastic bottle waste as cement-substitution within composite materials for preventing chemical attacks, energy efficiency in buildings or repairing various reinforced concrete structures. So, experiments were accomplished on polymer-mortar composite materials where the cement was partially replaced by various volume fractions of waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) particles (0%, 6%, 12% and 17%). The specimens were tested by destructive and non-destructive testing and for chemical resistance to acid solutions at different concentrations. From this study, it was found that the PET-modified mortars exposed to aggressive environments showed better resistance to chemical attack than unmodified one without substantially affecting the mechanical strength in tap water and UPV values decrease as the proportion of PET waste in the mix increases. The addition of PET to the modified mortars, means reducing the penetration of aggressive agents. The formations which appear such as different calcium salts were determined by TG/dTG analysis. So, these composite materials are often used as low-cost materials for energy efficiency in buildings, preventing chemical attacks or repairing various reinforced concrete structures exposed to aggressive environments where high resistance to acid is required and to both reduce sound intensity and dampen vibrations.
Energy Efficient Sustainable Building Materials: An Overview
Authors: Hussain Anwar , Kamal Mohammad Arif
Published: July 2015

With the rapid development and modernisation, cities are growing at a very fast pace and the buildings are the main component of cities. Building construction in the world annually consumes around 25% of the global wood harvest, 40% of stone, sand and gravel and 16% of water. It generates 50% of global output of GHG and agents of acid rains. The manufacturing process of building material contributes to Green House Gases such as CO2 to the atmosphere to a great extent. The natural disasters like global warming, ozone layer depletion, unexpected seasonal variations and decreasing land surface have now moved the centre of attraction from development to sustainable development. Since we have limited resources and energy, our development should focus on conserving the energy. Due to the continuous exploitation of natural resources, there is an urge to produce environmentally responsive building material for the construction of new buildings to meet the rapid urban growth. Sustainable buildings are designed, constructed, maintained, rehabilitated, and demolished with an emphasis throughout their life cycle on using natural resources efficiently while also protecting global ecosystems. Selection of appropriate building material helps to use the energy efficiently. In the rapidly changing scenario of building sector, planners, architects, engineers and builders are looking for new materials and technologies to adopt in future constructions that benefits like energy efficiency, resources and water conservation, improved indoor air quality, life cycle cost reduction and durability. This paper presents a brief study of sustainable aspects of building materials and a tool for Life Cycle Assessment criteria that helps in selecting proper building materials.
Environmental Sustainability through Recycling Incineration Bottom Ash for the Production of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete
Authors: Yang En Hua , Liu Yi Quan , Chen Zhi Tao
Published: July 2015

Municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (IBA) has great potential to be utilized for civil engineering applications. This paper is to investigate the characteristic of gas generation from IBA and to study the potential of IBA as aerating agent to replace costly aluminum powder and as silica source to partially replace silica flour/fly ash in the production of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC). Results show the aeration capacity of IBA used in this study is about 1% that of pure aluminum powder by mass. Finer particles, higher alkali molarity, and higher reaction temperature encourage the reaction and more gas is generated per gram of IBA. Type of alkaline solution does not seem to be an important factor for gas generation from IBA. Several exemplary lightweight mortars and AACs were produced by incorporating IBA as aerating agent. It is highly plausible IBA can be used as aerating agent to replace pure aluminum powder in the production of normal aerated concrete. IBA-AACs with density ranging from 600 to 800 kg/m3 were successfully synthesized by using IBA as aerating agent. For a given density, the compressive strength of IBA-AAC is higher than that of AAC due to the formation of more uniform pore structure with smaller pore size in IBA-AAC.
Septic Arthritis of the Temporomandibular Joint in an Infant
Authors: Chuk Raymond , Arvier John , Laing Barbara , Coman David
Published: July 2015

Infantile temporomandibular joint septic arthritis is an uncommon paediatric infection, but one which carries the potential for severe morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and aggressive medical and possibly surgical management is indicated for the best outcomes. The presenting clinical features are non-specific in a neonate and an infant; as such a high degree of clinical suspicion is required. We present the case of an eleven-month-old boy who has made a full recovery from an acute temporomandibular joint septic arthritis and review the relevant literature.
High level of HBV DNA virus in the breast milk seems not to contraindicate breastfeeding
Authors: Montoya-Ferrer Ana , Zorrilla Astrid Marina , Viljoen Johannes , Moles Jean Pierre , Newell Marie-Louise , Van de Perre Philippe , Tuaillon Edouard
Published: July 2015

Concerns of possible risk of mother to child HBV transmission through breastfeeding arouse when mothers present high levels of HBV DNA in breast milk. Here we describe the case of an HIV-HBV coinfected mother who presents a highly replicative HBV infection postdelivery and showed high level of HBV DNA in breast milk. Despite cumulative exposure to HBV infectious particles during breastfeeding, the child, who had been correctly vaccinated, was not infected by HBV.
The Disc in the Southern African Species of Maerua
Authors: Killick D. J. B.
Published: July 2015

The six types of disc present in the Southern African species of Maerua (Capparaceae) are described and illustrated. A key to the species, based largely on the disc character, is presented.
AMARYLLIDACEAE
Authors: Verdoorn I. C.
Published: July 2015

A  New Species of Crinum
CRASSULACEAE
Authors: Killick D. J. B.
Published: July 2015

A  Curious Form of Crassula natans Thunb . from the Natal Drakensberg
GRAMINEAE
Authors: Anderson J. G.
Published: July 2015

A New Generic Record  for South Africa
TILIACEAE
Authors: Author NO
Published: July 2015

A New Species  of Corchorus
An Investigation of the Plant Ecology of the Hawaan Forest, Natal, using an Ordination Technique
Authors: Moll E. J.
Published: July 2015

An account of the forest ecology using a slightly modified Wisconsin ordination technique (Bray Curtis, 1957) is given. The river-facing slope is considered preclimax, and the sea-facing slope subclimax, to the climax forest on the flat land. In addition, a secondary element, resulting either from recent disturbance or, possibly, from recently drier environmental conditions, is shown to be present in the climax forest.
Illtyd Buller Pole Evans (1879- 1968)
Authors: Gunn M. D.
Published: July 2015

No Abstract Available
Two New Ornithogalum Species from South West Africa
Authors: Obermeyer A. A.
Published: July 2015

Ornithogalum candidum  Oberm.,  sp. nov.,  O.  rautanenii Schinz affinis. sed plantae robustiores, foliis latioribus, perianthio majore staminum filamentis ex appendiculatis differt.
GRAMINEAE
Authors: Giess W.
Published: July 2015

A New Species of Aristida From South West Africa
Acacia karroo in Southern Africa
Authors: Dyer R. A.
Published: July 2015

Reasons for adopting the name  Acacia karroo Hayne are considered and the nomen­clature and synonymy are dealt with. A broad description of the species is provided. The relationship of  A. karroo to the closely related  A. seyal Del.,  A. hockii De Wilid. and the glandular podded  Acacia species is mentioned.  Acacia karroo Hayne, which is the most  widespread  Acacia in southern Africa, is an extremely variable species which occupies a diverse range of habitats. The range of variation within  A. karroo,  and in particular in Natal, is considered. At least six entities are recognizable within  A. karroo in Natal. The nature and range of variation within these entities is considered. No infraspecific categories are recognized within  A. karroo.
A Variant of Acacia karroo from Sekukuniland
Authors: Ross J. H.
Published: July 2015

The relationship of some densely pubescent specimens from Sekukuniland in the eastern Transvaal to  Acacia gerrardii Benth. and to  A. karroo Hayne is discussed. The specimens were found to represent part of the range of variation of  A. karroo. A map showing the known distribution of the densely pubescent plants is provided.
The Genus Pithomyces in South Africa
Authors: Marasas W. F. O. , Schumann Ingrid H.
Published: July 2015

Descriptions are given of South African isolates of  Pithomyces sacchari (Speg.) M. B. Ellis, Pithomyces chartarum (Berk. Curt.) M. B. Ellis and  Pithomyces karoo  Marasas Schumann, sp. nov.  P. sacchari and P. chartarum were isolated from Medicago sativa L. seed.  P. chartarum was also isolated from dead leaves of Lolium perenne L. and  Sporobolus capensis (Willd.) Kunth. plants from artificial pastures in the eastern Cape Province.  P. karoo was isolated from stems of Gnidia polycephala (C.A. Mey.) Gilg and  Rhigozum trichotomum Burch, from the Karoo, Cape Province and from Avena sativa L. stubble collected in the Orange Free State.
A New Species of Encephalartos from Swaziland
Authors: Dyer R. A.
Published: July 2015

Encephalartos heenanii R. A. Dyer is described for the first time. It is indigenous in Swaziland and is nearest related to E. paucidentatus Stapf Burtt Davy.
Contribution to the caryological study of the African grass Aristida rhiniochloa Hochst., based on specimens from the Southern Hemisphere
Authors: Bourreil Pierre , Geslot Alain , Gorlier Monique , De Winter Bernard
Published: July 2015

The chromosome number established for Aristida rhiniochloa Hochst. by the study of material from three localities in the Southern Hemisphere confirms the results obtained on material from North Africa. The haploid complement (n = 11) and the diploid number (2n = 22) of this species conform to the basic number x = 11 typical for the Aristideae. It is shown that the caryotype of this species is sub-symmetrical. Preliminary studies o f material from two localities show that the meiotic behaviour conforms to that found in the diploid species with n bivalents.
CELASTRACEAE
Authors: Codd L. E.
Published: July 2015

Pseudosalacia Codd, gen. nov., Salaciae L. affinis, sed staminibus 5 prope margine disci insertis differt; a  Cassini L. fructibus 2-5-seminalibus demum dehiscentibus differt.
FLACOURTIACEAE
Authors: Killick D. J. B.
Published: July 2015

Trimeria  rotundifolia or T. grandifolia ?
STERCULIACEAE
Authors: Verdoorn I. C.
Published: July 2015

A  N ew S pecies  of H ermannia
Vegetative Multiplication of Strelitzia reginae and its Allies
Authors: Dyer R. A.
Published: July 2015

In the past it has been assumed that individual plants of  Strelitzia reginae Ait. and its allies increase in size by suckering from the base. This proves to be incorrect and it is seen to be by the dichotomous branching of the rudimentary stem axis.
Species-Area Relationship and Plot Size: with Some Examples from South African Vegetation
Authors: Werger M. J. A.
Published: July 2015

A short review is given of mainly recent literature dealing with the problem of minimal area and plot size for sampling vegetation. A procedure to determine optimal plot size on the basis of the information content given by different plot sizes is demonstrated on 15 examples from eight different South African veld types.
The identity of Erythrina princeps
Authors: Codd L. E.
Published: July 2015

An examination of available evidence leads to the conclusion that  Erythrina princeps A. Dietr. must be regarded as a synonym of  E. humeana Spreng.
ANACARDIACEAE
Authors: De Winter B.
Published: July 2015

A N EW COMBINATION IN  OZOROA
FLACOURTIACEAE
Authors: Killick D. J. B.
Published: July 2015

A NOTE ON THE AUTHOR CITATION FOR ERIUDAPHUS MUNDII, BASIONYM OF  SCOLOPIA MUNDII
IRIDACEAE
Authors: Goldblatt Peter
Published: July 2015

MONTBRETIOPSIS: REDUCED TO SYNONYMY IN TRITONIA (IRIDACEAE)
LABIATAE
Authors: Codd L. E.
Published: July 2015

NEW SPECIES OF PLECTRANTHUS
STERCULIACEAE
Authors: Verdoorn I. C.
Published: July 2015

A NEW SPECIES OF  HERMANNIA
An automatic bibliography indexing programme
Authors: Morris J. W.
Published: July 2015

A relatively simple FORTRAN IV programme, designed for a small computer, for author and key-word indexes to bibliographic records is described, and examples of output are given. It is com­pared with some other systems. Suggested improvements to the programme are given.
Improvement of association-analysis classification by Braun-Blanquet technique
Authors: Coetzee B. J.
Published: July 2015

Normal association-analysis was carried out on data collected in the Jack Scott Nature Reserve in the Central Bankenveld of the Transvaal. As the method was found inadequate for obtaining optimal definition and arrangement of plant communities, it was supplemented by the Braun-Blanquet Table Method, which served as a substitute for inverse and nodal analyses. This led to a better understanding of the vegetation of the Reserve. Because association-analysis is strictly hierarchical, presentation of inter-group relationships and interpretation of vegetation-habitat relationships are limited. It is argued that the monothetic character of normal and inverse association-analyses is a further limitation and although this is com­pensated for by nodal-analysis, valuable information is discarded as peripheral in the latter process.
Plectranthus (Labiatae) and allied genera in Southern Africa
Authors: Codd L. E.
Published: July 2015

A revision is presented of the 40 species of Plectranthus, 1 species of Rabdosia and 3 species of Solenostemon which are indigenous, semi-naturalized or widely cultivated in Southern Africa. Descriptions, illustrations, keys and distribution data are provided. The following new names are published:  P. mutabilis Codd,  P. psammophilus Codd,  P. rubropunctatus Codd,  P. unguentarius Codd,  P. ornatus Codd (nom. nov. for Coleus comosus Hochst. ex Guerke), P. zatarhendi (Forsk.) E. A. Bruce var.  tomentosus (Benth.) Codd, —var.  woodii  (Guerke) Codd,  P. madagascariensis (Pers.) Benth. var.  aliciae  Codd,  Solenostemon scutellarioides (L.) Codd and  S. shirensis (Guerke) Codd.
Notes on African Acacia species
Authors: Ross J. H.
Published: July 2015

Information concerning miscellaneous African  Acacia species is presented.  A. dekindtiana A. Chev and A. hirtella E. Mey. var.  inermis Walp. are relegated to synonymy under A. karroo Hayne, the misapplication of  the name  A. giraffae Willd. is discussed, reasons for rejecting the names  Mimosa reticulata L. and  Mimosa capensis Burm. f. are elaborated, and the identity of Mimosa senegalensis Forsk. is disclosed.
The typification of Mimosa senegal
Authors: Ross J. H.
Published: July 2015

Analysis of the protologue of  Mimosa senegal L. in Species Plantarum ed. I: 521 (1753) indicated that it embraced two different elements. I he absence ol a type specimen or the existence of an illustration from which Linnaeus could have drawn up his diagnostic phrase-name necessitated the selection of a neotype to preserve the application of the name  M. senegal.
Euphorbia gummifera. A. gregaria and a new species from Damaraland
Authors: Leach L. C.
Published: July 2015

The identity of  Euphorbia gummifera Boiss. and  E. gregaria Marl, is discussed and a new species, E. damarana Leach, is described. A key to the species including  E. carunculifera Leach from southern Angola and a map showing their distribution are provided. The possible significance of these species in the phylogeny of the genus is also discussed.
Notes on Euphorbia mauritanica, E. gossypina and some related species with an amplified description of E. berotica
Authors: Leach L. C.
Published: July 2015

Some aspects of the possible evolutionary development in the Euphorbia mauritanica—lateriflora—gossypina complex are discussed, and the seed morphology is considered probably to be of considerable significance in the taxonomy of the group. The relevance of the recently discovered relic population of  E. gossypina is also considered, and a detailed description of this species, based on the Rhodesian material, is provided. The identity of the little known  E. berotica N.E. Br. from Angola is established and an amplified description drawn up. Attention is also given to the confusion concerning the type locality and distribution  of E.  mauritanica L. var.  lignosa White, Dyer Sloane.
Strelitziaceae
Authors: Dyer R. A.
Published: July 2015

The status of Strelitzia Juncea
LILIACEAE
Authors: Obermeyer A. A.
Published: July 2015

A NEW COMBINATION IN  BULBINE
A procedure for standardizing comparative leaf anatomy in the Poaceae. I. The leaf-blade as viewed in transverse section
Authors: Ellis R. P.
Published: July 2015

Descriptive “keys”, including definitions and diagrams, for standardizing and simplifying the description of grass leaf structure as seen in transverse section are given. Over 500 characters are included with the possibility for expansion to 999. Notes on variation and taxonomic importance of the characters are also included.
Hans-Joachim Schlieben , collector extraordinary
Authors: Leistner O. A.
Published: July 2015

Hans-Joachim Eberhardt Schlieben was born in Germany in 1902. Between 1930 and 1935 he collected plants in Tanzania and since 1955 in Southern Africa, on Madagascar, the Mascarenes, the Comoro Islands and the Seychelles. Almost 400 of the approximately 13 000 numbers which he has collected have been described as new.
The South African species of Teucrium (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Codd L. E.
Published: July 2015

While writing up the three South African species of  Teucrium for the Flora o f Southern Africa it became necessary to replace two well-known names as follows:  T. trifidum Retz. (1779) ( = T.  capense Thunb., 1800) and  T. kraussii Codd  {=T. riparium Hochst., 1845, non Rafin., 1838).
The identity of Eriosema nanum</i.
Authors: Stirton C. H.
Published: July 2015

An examination of available evidence leads to the conclusion that  Eriosema nanum Burtt Davy must be regarded as a synonym of E. ellipticifolium Schinz. The relationship between E. ellipticifolium and  E. uniflorum Burtt Davy is discussed.
Morphological studies of the Ochnaceae*
Authors: Du Toit P. C. V.
Published: July 2015

The cause of the characteristic sloughing of the bark of certain  Ochna species is described, while the morphology of the growth buds, leaves and stipules o f South African genera of the Ochnaceae is discussed. The taxonomic significance of these features is indicated where relevant.
Leaf anatomy of the South African Danthonieae (Poaceae). I. The genus Dregeochloa
Authors: Ellis R.
Published: July 2015

The anatomical structure, of the leaf blade as seen in transverse section, and the abaxial epidermis, of Dregeochloa pumila and  D. calviniensis is described and illustrated. A generic description is included and the relationships of the genus are briefly discussed.
Broad-spectrum pollination of Plectranthus neochilus
Authors: Stirton C. H.
Published: July 2015

The pollination ecology of Plectranthus neochilus Schltr. is discussed and compared with that of another garden plant,  Plectranthus barbatus Andr.. Pollinators and flower visitors of P. neochilus include members of  the Megachilidae, Anthophoridae, Syrphidae, Bombyliidae, Sphingidae, Apidae.
Freshwater algae of Southern Africa. II. Triplastrum spinulosum from the Transvaal
Authors: Claassen M. Isabella
Published: July 2015

The presence of Triplastrum spinulosum (Kisselev) Gauthier-Lievre (Desmidiaceae) in South Africa is reported for the first time. The characters of T. spinulosum varieties spinulosum, indicum (Iyengar Ramanathan) Gauthier-Lievre and  africanum Gauthier-Lievre were found to be exhibited by specimens collected at Ottosdal in the south-western Transvaal. The differences among specimens of the populations studied are ascribed to variation within one variable species and therefore the varieties  indicum and  africanum are relegated to synonymy.
ASCLEPIADACEAE
Authors: Dyer R. A.
Published: July 2015

CEROPEGIA MAFEKINGENSIS, A NEW COMBINATION
CYPERACEAE
Authors: Vorster P.
Published: July 2015

CYPERACEAE NEW TO THE FLORA OF NATAL
RANUNCULACEAE
Authors: Killick D. J. B.
Published: July 2015

THE CORRECT NAME FOR  ANEMONE CAPENSIS
Cape Hangklip area. I. The application of association-analysis. homogeneity functions and Braun-Blanquet techniques in the description of south-western Cape vegetation
Authors: Boucher C.
Published: July 2015

Releve data were collected in two phases from, respectively 150 and 100 sampling points distributed by stratified random means through almost 24 000 ha of vegetation. Association-analysis, Braun-Blanquet and homogeneity function methods were used to treat the data. Only the "normal” association-analysis method was applied. Three sorting techniques for tabulating the data were tested and were compared with a fourth method. Homogeneity functions were used to construct a dendrogram and to determine the degree of similarity between individual releves and groups of releves. After compaiison of the methods, it was concluded that the Braun-Blanquet method is consistently more efficient and more exact, even in the floristically rich vegetation of the south-western Cape Province of South Africa.
Silene dewinteri, a new species of the Caryopliyllaceae from the south-western Cape
Authors: Bocquet Gilbert
Published: July 2015

A new species of Silene,  S. dewinteri Bocquet, is described from the sand-dunes of the coastal region of the south-western Cape. The species is closely related to S. crassifolia L. and S. clandestina Jacq.
Ornithogalum: a revision of the southern African species
Authors: Obermeyer A. A.
Published: July 2015

A taxonomic revision of the genus  Ornithogalum L. (Liliaceae) in southern Africa is presented. Three subgenera and 54 species are recognized; 8 of these species are new to science; there is one new subspecies, 3 taxa are accorded subspecific rank, one variety has been raised to specific rank, 4 were taken out of other genera and placed in  Ornithogalum and one was placed under Albuca (see p. 372 for enumeration). Characters separating  Ornithogalum from  Albuca are defined. Historical notes on the genus are given and reference is made to poisonous and cultivated species.
New taxa and new combinations in Cotyledon and allied genera
Authors: Tölken H. R.
Published: July 2015

As a result of a re-evaluation of Cotyledon and Adromisehus, it was found necessary to amend the delimitation of Cotyledon and to describe a new genus Tylecodon. A summarized revision of Adromisehus with keys to sections, species and subspecific taxa is provided. The following new names and new combinations are effected: Adromisehus sect. Boreali Toelken,  A. cristatus var. clavifolius (Haw.) Toelken,—var. schonlandii (Phill.) Toelken,—var. zeyheri (Harv.) Toelken,  A. fallax Toelken,  A. fiticaulis subsp. marlothii (Schonl.) Toelken,  A. inamoenus Toelken,  A. marianae var. hallii (P. C. Hutch.) Toelken,—var. kubusensis (Uitew.) Toelken,  A. schuldtianus subsp. juttae (V. Poelln.) Toelken,  A. subviridis Toelken,  A. umbraticola subsp. raniosa Toelken, Tylecodon buchholzianus (Schuldt Steph.) Toelken, T. cacalioides (L.f.) Toelken, T. decipiens Toelken, T. fragilis (Dyer) Toelken, T. faucium (V. Poelln.) Toelken, T. grandiflorus (Burm.f.) Toelken, T. hallii (Toelken) Toelken, T. hirtifolium (W. F. Barker) Toelken, T. leucothrix (C. A. Smith) Toelken, T. occultans (Toelken) Toelken, T. paniculatus (L.f.) Toelken, T. pearsonii (Schonl.) Toelken, T. pygmaeus (W. F. Barker) Toelken,—var. tenuis (Toelken) Toelken, T. racemosus (Harv.) Toelken, T. reticulatus (L.f.) Toelken,—subsp. phyllopodium Toelken, T. rubrovenosus (Dinter) Toelken, T. schaeferanus (Dinter) Toelken, T. similis (Toelken) Toelken, T. singularis (Dyer) Toelken, T. striatus (P. C. Hutch.) Toelken, T. suffultus Bruyns ex Toelken, T. sulphureus (Toelken) Toelken, T. torulosus Toelken, T. tuberosus Toelken, T. ventricosus (Burm.f.) Toelken, T. viridiflorus (Toelken) Toelken, T. wallichii (Harv.) Toelken,—subsp. ecklonianus (Harv.) Toelken.
The mycoflora of wheat field debris, Part III
Authors: Jooste W. J.
Published: July 2015

Descriptions are given of four fungus species isolated from stubble of a wheat field in the Heilbron district: Ulocladium botrytis Preuss,  Drechslera australiensis (Bugnicourt) Subram. Jain ex M. B. Ellis,  Cladosporium macrocarpum Preuss,  Verticillium fusisporium W. Gams.
Rheophytes in South Africa
Authors: Van Steenis C. G. G. J
Published: July 2015

The bio-ecological class of rheophytes, species restricted to swift-running streams below flood level, is for the first time recorded for South Africa. A preliminary list is made of representative species.
STERCULIACEAE
Authors: Scott M. K.
Published: July 2015

ABNORMAL FLOWERS IN  WALTHERIA INDICA
THELYPTERIDACEAE
Authors: Vorster P.
Published: July 2015

THELYPTERIS MICROBASIS, NEW TO THE FLORA OF SOUTHERN AFRICA
The genus Sarcocaulon *
Authors: Moffett R. O.
Published: July 2015

A revision of  Sarcocaulon (Geraniaceae) is presented in which 14 species are recognized. Descriptions, illustrations, distribution data and two keys to the species are provided. The following new names are published: S. salmoniflorum Moffett (nom. nov. for S. I'heritieri DC. var. brevimucronatum Schinz), S. camdeboense Moffett, S. ciliatum Moffett and S. peniculinum Moffett. Because the iconotype of S. spinosum (Burm.f.) Kuntze and S. burmannii (DC.) Sweet depicts discordant elements, which cannot be equated to any known taxa of Sarcocaulon, these species are treated as  species incertae.
ASCLEPIADACEAE
Authors: Dyer R. A.
Published: July 2015

THE RIOCREUXIA FLANAGANII COMPLEX
CYPERACEAE
Authors: Vorster P.
Published: July 2015

A NOTE ON MARISCUS SUMATRENSIS
Revision of Hermannia subgenus Hermannia in southern Africa
Authors: Verdoorn I. C.
Published: July 2015

Observations on the genus as a whole are made and the subgenus Hermannia is defined. Species in southern Africa which fall in this subgenus are revised in detail. A key is provided to these 93 species and several line drawings illustrate some of the diagnostic features used in the key.
A survey of some of the pre-Linnean history of the genus Acacia/i>
Authors: Ross I. H.
Published: July 2015

The pre-Linnean history of the plants referred to the genus Acacia to some extent reflects the developmentof botanical description, classification and illustration. Attention is drawn to some of the earliest references toplants known to belong to the genus  Acacia and to references in selected herbals and publications up untilPhilip Miller’s description of the genus in the fourth abridged edition of his Gardeners Dictionary in 1754.
AMARYLLIDACEAE
Authors: Dyer R. A.
Published: July 2015

A NEW SPECIES OF CYRTANTHUS FROM BAVIAANSKLOOF, SOUTH-EASTERN CAPE
LILIACEAE
Authors: Obermeyer A. Amelia
Published: July 2015

A NEW SUBTRIBE IN LILIACEAE
Encoding the National Herbarium (PRE) for computerised information retrieval
Authors: Morris J. W
Published: July 2015

This paper describes the operation of encoding information from 470 000 extant herbarium labels for accession to a computer data bank with a view to aiding curators and systems analysts who may wish to apply similar procedures in their herbaria. The preparation of the herbarium, encoding procedures used, verification of encoded information, costs and remuneration of encoders are described. A complete list of items encoded and their code equivalents is given. Some of the difficulties faced during the operation are discussed and the success of the project to date is evaluated briefly. Its success is attributed to a bonus incentive scheme and availability of a comprehensive instruction manual.
Leaf anatomy of the South African Danthonieae (Poaceae). II. Merxmuellera disticha
Authors: Ellis R. P.
Published: July 2015

The anatomical structure, of the leaf blade as seen in transverse section, and of the abaxial epidermis, of Merxmuellera disticha (Nees) Conert is described and illustrated. Three distinct anatomical “forms” are recognized viz. typical M. disticha, the Drakensberg form and the alpine bog form. These three anatomical groups also appear to have differing environmental requirements and probably warrant taxonomic status.
The vegetation of seasonally flooded areas of the Pongolo River Floodplain
Authors: Furness H. D. , Breen C. M.
Published: July 2015

The Braun-Blanquet method of phytosociological analysis has been used to identify the plant communities of the seasonally flooded areas of the Pongolo River Floodplain. Six communities and two sub-communities, whose distribution is closely related to relative periods of exposure and inundation, were recognized. The structure and interrelationships of the communities are considered and the role of human activities in determining their extent is commented upon. Comparison is made with similar situations elsewhere in Africa.
Natural hybridization in the genus Eriosema (Leguminosae) in South Africa
Authors: Stirton C. H.
Published: July 2015

Both spontaneous and introgressive hybridization occur naturally in  Eriosema in South Africa. One case of hybrid swarming is reported and a catalogue of six hybrids is presented and discussed in detail.
New records of naturalized Rubus in southern Africa
Authors: Stirton C. H.
Published: July 2015

Rubus niveus Thunb. and R. phoenicolasius Maxim, are recorded for the first time in southern Africa. Notes are given on their morphology, present distribution and weed status.
Miscellaneous notes on the genus Pelargonium
Authors: Van der Walt J. J. A. , Vorster P. J.
Published: July 2015

It is pointed out that the name sect.  Pelargium DC. must be replaced by sect.  Pelargonium, and Pelargonium cardiophyllum Harv. (1860) by P. setulosum Turcz. (1858); P. mossambicense Engl, is reported as a new record for the Transvaal; a new name P. ternifolium Vorster is given to  P. trifolia turn Harv., nom. illeg.; and the typification of  P. multificlum Harv.,  P. plurisectum Salter,  P. dolomiticum Knuth and  P. dasyphyllum E. Mey. ex Knuth is discussed.
ASCLEPIADACEAE
Authors: Dyer R. A.
Published: July 2015

THE RIOCREUXIA FLANAGANII COMPLEX: A REASSESSMENT
ERICACEAE
Authors: Oliver E. G. H.
Published: July 2015

TWO NEW SPECIES OF ERICOIDEAE
LILIACEAE
Authors: Obermeyer A. A.
Published: July 2015

A REAPPRAISAL OF URGINEA ALTISSIMA
MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE
Authors: Glen H. F.
Published: July 2015

NOMENCLATURE IN THE GENUS MESTOKLEMA
Information available within the PRECIS data bank of the National Herbarium, Pretoria, with examples of uses to which it may be put
Authors: Morris J. W , Manders R.
Published: July 2015

The contents of the computerized information storage and retrieval system (PRECIS) of the National Herbarium, Pretoria (PRE) are described at length mainly by means of frequency histograms of descriptor codes. The frequency distributions found are discussed in the light of the history of the herbarium, the geography of the area and the habits of plant collectors. Two uses of PRECIS are illustrated by example. Firstly, the flowering phenology of  Eragrostis capensis, Themeda triandra and Heteropogon contortus is plotted and, secondly, the route followed by Dinter in South West Africa/Namibia from December 1933 until March 1935 is described. It is concluded that the system should be o f particular use in revisionary studies, regional floras and biogeographic research.
Miscellaneous note
Authors: Von Broemsen H. H.
Published: July 2015

INVESTIGATION INTO THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PLANT DISPERSION IN ASSESSING PASTURE CONDITION
Miscellaneous note
Authors: Von Broembsen H. H.
Published: July 2015

A SIMPLE METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE DENSITY OF PLANTS IN A RANDOMLY-DISPERSED POPULATION
The collecting activities of Anton Rehmann (1840—1917) in South Africa
Authors: Codd L. E. , Gunn Mary
Published: July 2015

Anton Rehmann undertook two collecting expeditions in South Africa, in 1875-77 and 1879-80, during which he collected over 9 000 numbers. The latter journey took him as far north as the Houtbosch in Transvaal, where he was the first to make an extensive collection. A brief account is given of his life and his itineraries in South Africa with details, as far as can be ascertained, of his collecting localities.
The genus Medicago (Leguminosae) in southern Africa
Authors: Stirton C. H.
Published: July 2015

Four species of Medicago have become naturalized in southern Africa: M. laciniata, M. polymorpha, M. sativa and M. lupulina. Their morphological variation and geographical distribution is discussed and a key is provided.
APOCYNACEAE
Authors: Stirton C. H.
Published: July 2015

CATHARANTHUS AND  VINCA IN SOUTHERN AFRICA
IRIDACEAE
Authors: Obermeyer A. A.
Published: July 2015

A NEW SPECIES OF  GLADIOLUS
ROSACEAE
Authors: Stirton C. H.
Published: July 2015

THE CORRECT NAME FOR PLANTS CALLED  AGRIMONIA ODORATA IN SOUTHERN AFRICA
Speciation environments and centres of diversity in southern Africa. I. Conceptual framework
Authors: Robinson E. R. , Gibbs Russell G. E.
Published: July 2015

A knowledge of the nature and distribution of the environments where speciation (micro-evolution) is or has been rapid would help explain plant distributions and give insight into the mechanisms of plant evolution. Before southern African speciation environments can be identified and described, a number of basic theoretical concepts have to be clarified. In this paper the major taxonomic, systematic, floristic, ecological and evolutionary ideas pertinent to speciation environments are reviewed and discussed. Despite many publications about species concepts, species diversity, modes of speciation and the relationship between environments and genetic variability within taxa, it is still not possible to make predictions about the kinds of environments that favour speciation.
Leaf anatomy of the South African Danthonieae (Poaceae). VI. Merxmuellera arundinacea and M. cincta
Authors: Ellis R. P.
Published: July 2015

The leaf blade anatomy and the abaxial epidermal histology of Merxmuellera arundinacea (Berg.) Conert and M. cincta (Nees) Conert are described and illustrated. These two species resemble one another morphologically and are the only representatives of the genus with open, expanded leaves. They are, nevertheless, clearly distinct anatomically, particularly in the structure of the leaf blade as viewed in transverse section. The anatomy of M. cincta is noteworthy in the possession of additional vascular bundles located immediately below the first order vascular bundles. This vertical arrangement of bundles at differing levels is a unique feature of M. cincta and possibly indicates a need for taxonomic adjustment.
Miscellaneous ecological notes
Authors: Killick D. J. B.
Published: July 2015

CORRECTIONS TO ACOCKS’S ‘VELD TYPES OF SOUTH AFRICA- (1975)
Leaf anatomy of the South African Danthonieae (Poaceae). VII. Merxmuellera decora, M. lupulina and M. rufa
Authors: Ellis R. P.
Published: July 2015

The leaf anatomy of Merxmuellera decora (Nees) Conert,  M. lupulina (Thunb.) Conert and  M. rufa (Nees)Conert is described and illustrated. The epidermal structure is shown to be uniform in all three taxa and to be unique in the genus. The leaf anatomy is very variable and three distinct types are evident.  M. lupulina is consistent, but all three anatomical types are represented in the samples examined of both M. decora and M. rufa.The anatomical types show similarities with Pentaschistis involuta (Steud.) Adamson, M. dura (Stapf) Conert, M. stricta (Schrad.) Conert and  M. disticha (Nees) Conert.  M. decora,  M. lupulina and  M. rufa,  together with  P. involuta, therefore, appear to form a recognizable group intermediate between  Pentaschistis and Merxmuellera.
LILIACEAE
Authors: Lavranos J. J.
Published: July 2015

AN INTERESTING PLANT RECORD FROM THE GULF OF ADEN AREA
TILIACEAE
Authors: Codd L. E.
Published: July 2015

A NEW SPECIES OF  CORCHORUS
Herbaceous standing crop in relation to surface and subsurface rockiness
Authors: Rutherford M. C.
Published: July 2015

A study, carried out in non-wooded parts of savanna and in desert grassland, demonstrated that herbaceous standing crop can decrease with increasing surface rock cover. However, such decreases corresponded more directly to a soil volumetric decrease than to a decrease in soil surface area per se. The relationship was also found to depend strongly on subsurface rock weathering patterns which may reverse the indicated relationship between standing crop and surface rock cover. The application of surface rock cover data without regard to profile stoniness, is, therefore, likely to be of limited use for comparing plant production across different geological substrates. The role of different rock types in giving rise to soils of different fertility with corresponding plant responses, was also indicated by the data. Sensitivity of plant standing crop to surface rock cover was possibly dependent on mean annual rainfall, but further data are required. The interpretation of aboveground standing crop data in terms of aboveground annual production is briefly discussed.
Remote sensing and vegetation mapping in South Africa
Authors: Jarman M. L. , Jarman N. G. , Edwards D.
Published: July 2015

The kinds of imagery, types of data and general relationships between scale of study, scale of mapping and scale of remote sensing products that are appropriate to the South African situation for visual and digital analysis are presented. The type of remote sensing product and processing, the type of field exercise appropriate to each, and the purpose of producing maps at each scale are discussed. Lack of repetitive imagery to date has not allowed for the full investigation of monitoring potential and careful planning at national level is needed to ensure availability of imagery for monitoring purposes. Map production processes which are rapid and accurate should be utilized. An integrated approach to vegetation mapping and surveying, which incorporates the best features of both visual and digital processing, is recommended for use.
Long distance dispersal, overland migration and extinction in the shaping of tropical African floras
Authors: White F.
Published: July 2015

The distribution, ecology, probable modes of dispersal and taxonomic relationships of five species of Chrysobalanaceae and one of Meliaceae and Hernandiaceae are summarized. Most of these show trans-oceanic disjunctions and, in Africa, behave as ecological and chorological transgressors; morphologically they are variable. The potential importance of transgressors in the origin of new species and of evolutionary innovations, and in the interpretation of disjunctions is discussed.
The migration and evolution of floras in the southern hemisphere
Authors: Raven P. H.
Published: July 2015

As modern groups of angiosperms have appeared over a period of more than 80 million years, the relative position of the southern continents has changed. For the First 20 m.y. of this period, opportunities for migration were good between Africa and Europe, and this constituted the main pathway for migration between the northern and southern hemispheres. South America progressively moved away from Africa and towards North America over the past 90 m.y. Southern South America and Australasia shared a rich, warm temperate rainforest flora until about 40 m.y. ago. The development of modern climates during the past 10 m.y. has set up modern patterns of vegetation.