bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERATAAN LABA DENGAN KEPEMILIKAN MANAJERIAL SEBAGAI PEMODERASI
Authors: Aprilista Rines Prananda  , Saiful Anwar
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan guna menguji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perataan laba. Faktor-faktor tersebut antara lain profitabilitas, dividend payout ratio, dan nilai perusahaan pada tindakan perataan laba serta untuk menguji kemampuan kepemilikan manajerial dalam memoderasi pengaruh profitabilitas, dividend payout ratio, dan nilai perusahaan pada tindakan perataan laba dalam perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2017-2019. Teknik purposive sampling digunakan sebagai teknik penentuan sampel pada penelitian ini dengan Partial Least Square sebagai teknik analisis. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa profitabilitas dan dividend payout ratio berpengaruh terhadap income smoothing, sedangkan nilai perusahaan tidak berpengaruh terhadap perataan laba. Serta adanya kepemilikan manajerial sebagai variabel moderasi memperkuat pengaruh profitabilitas terhadap perataan laba, namun tidak mampu memoderasi pengaruh dividend payout ratio terhadap perataan laba. Serta adanya kepemilikan manajerial memperlemah pengaruh nilai perusahaan terhadap perataan laba.
Pengaruh Literasi Keuangan, Pendapatan dan Gaya Hidup Terhadap Perilaku Konsumtif Belanja Online Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Bukhari Eri , Ery Teguh Prasetyo  , Sri Utami Ulfa Rahma
Published: January 2024

Pandemi Covid 19 menyebabkan Era Industri 4.0 menjadi lebih cepat dari yang diperkirakan sebelumnya,  dimana kondisi ini mengharuskan seseorang untuk melakukan ‘social distancing’ termasuk dalam melakukan transaksi bisnis. Kondisi ini berdampak kepada semua kalangan  termasuk generasi  milenial. Salah satu ciri generasi milenial adalah mereka umumnya sangat paham dengan dunia digital, dan bisa dikatakan mereka adalah pengguna terbesar media social, namun disisi lain dari segala  kemudahan dalam transaksi digital ini memunculkan sifat konsumtif dari beberapa generasi milenial. Fenomena   munculnya belanja online merupakan  perubahan perilaku belanja atau gaya hidup pada kalangan generasi milenial.  Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah  untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Literasi Keuangan, Pendapatan dan Gaya Hidup Terhadap Perilaku Konsumtif Belanja Online Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19, khususnya  di  Kaliabang Tengah Kota Bekasi Metodologi yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif dengan menyebarkan kuisioner dan menggunakan  teknik purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebesar  90 responden. Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif dengan model regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) secara parsial Literasi Keuangan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Perilaku Konsumtif Belanja Online, (2) secara parsial Pendapatan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Perilaku Konsumtif Belanja Online, (3) secara parsial Gaya Hidup berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Perilaku Konsumtif Belanja Online, (4) secara simultan Literasi Keuangan, Pendapatan dan Gaya Hidup berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Perilaku Konsumtif Belanja Online.
EVALUASI KEBUTUHAN PEGAWAI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KINERJA PADA KANTOR DINAS PERUMAHAN, KAWASAN PERMUKIMAN, DAN PERTANAHAN KOTA BEKASI
Authors: Siti Rahmah  , Hasanuddin  , Jumawan  , Cahyadi Husadha  , Tutiek Yoganingsih
Published: January 2024

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil evaluasi pegawai untuk meningkatkan kinerja dengan menggunakan kriteria evaluasi William N. Dunn. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif. Data penelitian menggunakan data Primer dan data Sekunder. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan informan yang mengetahui masalah yang akan diteliti, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh  melalui buku-buku, jurnal ilmiah, dan dokumen/peraturan pemerintah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa adanya keterlambatan dalam menyelesaikan pekerjaan serta kelebihan beban kerja yang diberikan pegawai sehingga beberapa pegawai harus menyelesaikan pekerjaan di luar jam kerja dan aturan analisis jabatan dan analisis beban kerja pada Kantor Dinas Perumahan, Kawasan Permukiman dan Pertanahan Kota Bekasi masih belum sesuai dengan yang telah ditentukan.
ANALISIS PENERAPAN SAK EMKM PADA LAPORAN KEUANGAN USAHA MIKRO, KECIL DAN MENENGAH DI JAMBI KOTA SEBERANG
Authors: Fadia Ardhina  , Rico Wijaya  , Riski Hernando
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana implementasi Standar Akuntansi Keuangan Entitas Mikro Kecil Menengah (SAK EMKM) terhadap Kerajinan Batik Jambi Ariny, latar belakang ini yang membuat bisnis ini menarik untuk dikaji untuk memahami yang penggunaan pencatatan keuangan berlandaskan penerapan Standard Akuntansi Keuangan Entitas Mikro Kecil Menengah (SAK EMKM) yang dilakukan pada UMKM tersebut dan faktor apa yang mengakibatkan tak berlakunya pembuatan laporan keuangan berlandaskan SAK EMKM atas usaha menengah kecil dan mikro ini. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan teknik kualitatif yang menuju kepada deskripsi dan implementasi pembuatan keuangan berbasis  Standar Akuntansi Keuangan Entitas Mikro Kecil Menengah (SAK EMKM), data dalam penelitian ini yaitu data primer dan data sekunder dengan melaksanakan interview dan mengambil catatan keuangan untuk dikelola supaya sesuai dengan SAK EMKM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sistem pencatatan keuangan yang dilaksanakan secara manual hanya berdasarkan pengeluaran serta pemasukan kas dan masih amat sederhana sehingga menunjukkan laporan keuangan yang dibuat dengan kriteria tidak baik hinggah rendah dan faktor yang mengakibatkan gagalnya SAK EMKM dalam bisnis Kerajinan Batik Jambi Ariny ialah sebab terdapat faktor internal mencakup minimnya pengertian tentang pentingnya laporan keuangan dalam menjalankan usaha yang berdasarkan SAK EMKM, kedisiplinan serta SDA, sementara faktor eksternalnya sebab minimnya pengawasan dari stakeholder yang berkepentingan dengan laporan keuangan.
SUSTAINABLE INNOVATIONS, STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT, SUPPLY MANAGEMENT AND R&D ACTIVITIES IN THE COSMETICS INDUSTRY:
Authors: Duygu Hidiroglu
Published: January 2024

Purpose – In this study, in the light of best practices and strategies of AKALIFE PHARMACEUTICALS, which develops first-class cosmetics and dermo cosmetics products and manufactures also food supplements; the research question “How cosmetics companies can sell their sustainable innovations to the customers?” has been answered.

Design/methodology/approach – In order to answer the research question a survey was formed and the data obtained from this survey, The paper discusses what takes for a cosmetics companies to achieve sustainable accomplishments in a cosmetics industry. In this context, besides the accomplished practices of AKALIFE PHARMACEUTICALS, data was collected from 107 people by survey method by selecting three independent variables that are effective on the preferability of sustainable innovations in the cosmetics sector. The statistical analyzes of these data were completed and the findings were discussed.

Findings – As a result of the analysis, it has been observed that the most effective primary factor on the preferability of sustainable innovations invented on the cosmetics industry by customers is R&D activities. The fact that cosmetics companies develop niche formulas that have never been applied before and produce unique cosmetic products by supplying raw materials that have not been used in any cosmetics product before, brings about them to strengthen their position in the cosmetics market and provide a strong comparative advantage over their rivals. It has been observed that the effectiveness of strategic management is almost as effective as the efficiency of supply management, although not as much as the efficiency of supply management, in the customer's preference of cosmetics products as sustainable innovations.

Originality/value – Cosmetics industry, which is a dynamic and innovative sector that is always open to change, attracts the attention of many entrepreneurs and investors in these days. The study concludes that it is crucial for sustainable cosmetics companies to take advantage of the values of sustainability, healthy content, uniqueness and innovation in generating a prosperous corporate identity and potent brand image that customers will adhere to.
MENGENAL TOKOH-TOKOH INSPIRATIF SURAKARTA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN LITERASI GURU MI
Authors: Halida Lubis Siti , Rahmadi Sidiq , Rachmah Nur Anganthi Nisa
Published: January 2024

Menulis memiliki manfaat khususnya guru untuk memperbanyak pengetahuan maupun perkembangan karirnya. Budaya menulis khususnya guru di Indonesia masih sangat minim dikarenakan banyak faktor yang melatarbelakangi. Kegiatan pelatihan harus di dorong guna memperbaiki problematika tersebut. Tujuan pelatihan menulis memberikan semangat para guru dalam dunia literasi khususnya membaca dan menulis dan untuk memberikan penghargaan mempunyai luaran untuk menerbitkan buku yang ditulis secara bersama-sama tentang kisah-kisah inspiratif tokoh yang ada di Surakarta. Pengabdiaan ini menggunakan metode simulasi, pemateri memaparkan materi dan tata cara mencari data yang akurat baik. Simulasi ini dilakukan agar para guru dapat langsung mempraktean langsung. Hasil mengungkapkan bahwa guru harus melewati beberapa tahap untuk dapat mengakses data yang akurat dan menulis dengan baik yaitu mengakses, menyeleksi, menentukan, tindak lanjut dan evaluasi. Kegiatan pengabdian ini membawa kontribusi positif untuk mengajak guru-guru MI/SD se-Kec Kartasura untuk menulis.
Pemodelan 2D Gravity dan Inversi VFSA Daerah Sesar di Papua
Authors: Hamzah Hardi , Sari Wahyu Kumala
Published: January 2024

Permasalahan gempa bumi yang terjadi di Jayapura diakibatkan oleh aktivitas sesar yang ada di Papua. Pola pergerakan sesar ini tidak seperti biasanya karena aktivitasnya menyebabkan gempa bumi yang tercatat sampai ribuan kali sejak awal tahun ini. Beberapa penelitian pendukung masih terbatas pada daerah Papua Barat. Informasi terkait pemodelan dan struktur geologi daerah sesar juga masih sangat minim. Dari kondisi inilah sehingga peneliti melakukan pemodelan gravity dan inversi global optimasi  Very Fast Simulated Annealing (VFSA). Hasil pemodelan dan inversi yang diperoleh dapat memberikan informasi kepada masyarakat dan pemerintah terkait sesar penyebab gempa bumi di Jayapura sehingga dapat menjadi dasar tanggap bencana dan mitigasi bencana yang tepat.
Anthrax Preparedness and Mitigation Strategies: Lessons from Global Incidents for Nigeria's Approach and Prevention
Authors: Ajadi Bolanle Racheal , Adediwura Stella Ifeoluwa , Morakinyo Emmanuel Oluwaseyi , Bakenne Habib Ademola
Published: January 2024

In July, the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (FMARD) in Nigeria officially reported the initial occurrence of Animal Anthrax disease in Niger State. Anthrax, caused by Bacillus anthracis, poses a significant infectious threat and is transmitted through contact with infected animals and by-products. Anthrax knows no borders, and our exploration of its global incidence reveals both commonalities and divergences in how nations confront this threat. These insights emphasize the importance of cattle immunization, quarantine, proper disposal techniques, strict adherence to quarantine regulations, and the use of personal protective equipment. Collaboration between public health and animal health authorities is crucial, along with epidemiological studies and surveillance. Additionally, vaccination and early diagnosis tools should be prioritized. Nigeria's response to the outbreak should focus on these lessons to enhance her preparedness and mitigation strategies. Further research at all levels is recommended to improve understanding and prediction of anthrax outbreaks.
Знищення душевнохворих 4-ї радянської психіатричної лікарні м. Вінниці в роки нацистської окупації (1941-1944 рр.)
Authors: Мельничук Олег
Published: January 2024

Among the massive crimes committed by the Nazis in the occupied territories during the Second World War, the crimes connected with the destruction of patients of psychiatric hospitals are insufficiently researched for today. Such criminal acts were not accidents or isolated cases, but were carried out in accordance with the official eugenic program of the German National Socialists for sterilization and then physical destruction of people with mental disorders, mentally retarded and hereditarily burdened patients. The article was written within the framework of the grant project "Return to the collective memory of the society of forgotten victims of the Second World War of Vinnytsia region". The project is implemented jointly by the public organizations "People's Maidan Vinnytchiny" and "German youth in Europe" with the support of the German fund "EVZ", the regional administration in partnership with the Faculty of History Ethnology and Law of Vinnytsia State Pedagogical University named after M. Kotsiubynsky. The archival materials of the State Archives of the Vinnytsia Region, developed by the research group, and the declassified files of the UAS Archive allowed the reconstruction of the events that took place in the Vinnitsa psychiatric hospital during the Nazi occupation in detail. In the article, based on the analysis of archival documents introduced the on first time and the latest research, the process of destroying patients in the Vinnytsia psychiatric hospital during the Nazi occupation was highlighted. It is pointed out that insufficient attention by Ukrainian researchers was paid to the problem. The main sources of the topic are analyzed. The general algorithms and features of committing criminal acts are disclosed. Methods of killing patients have been determined. The involvement of medical staff of the hospital to the death of patients is established, the degree of guilt and responsibility for the acts committed is described.
Safety control of meat and meat products
Authors: Rasumovskaya V. V. , Lunyova N. A. , Kronevald O. V.
Published: January 2024

The country's food security is an important and, at the same time, difficult task for Russian agriculture in the context of the import substitution policy. Ensuring the safety and quality of raw materials and food products is a necessary condition that determines the health of the population and the preservation of its gene pool. The most crucial measure in solving the problem of the quality of livestock products is a scientifically based veterinary and sanitary assessment of meat and other livestock products. Therefore, control of the quality and safety of meat and its processed products is a relevant topic for study. The article analyses the procedure for the work of the regional veterinary service on the issues of monitoring the safety of meat and meat products and the data of the annual reports of the 5-vet test centre of the “Regional State Budgetary Institution (RSBI) "Altai Regional Veterinary Center for the Prevention and Diagnosis of Animal Diseases"' for 2020 - 2021. It has been established that the system of veterinary and sanitary control of the safety and quality of meat and meat products in the Altai Territory is carried out by the developed scheme and consists of tests of selected samples in testing laboratories accredited for these indicators. For the period 2021 – 2022 in the Altai Territory, no specimens with deviations from the regulatory documents TR CU 021/2011 Technical Regulations of the Customs Union “On the Safety of Food Products”, TR CU 034/2013 Technical Regulations of the Customs Union “On the Safety of Meat and Meat Products” were found in the tested samples. Tests are carried out quarterly for physical, chemical, and microbiological indicators of pesticides and annually for heavy metal salts, radionuclides, the presence of antibiotics, nitrites and hormones. The analysis results allow us to conclude the timely identification of meat and meat products of questionable quality.
Basal vein of Rosenthal classification: the key to venous outflow of the deep sylvian fissure
Authors: Benet Arnau , Noda Kosumo , Ota Nakao , Lawton Michael T. , Tanikawa Rokuya
Published: January 2024

OBJECTIVE

Mastery of sylvian fissure dissection is essential to access lesions within the deep basal cisterns. The deep sylvian vein and its tributaries play a major role during access to and beyond the carotid cistern through the sylvian fissure and determine the complexity of microdissection. Preserving the venous outflow during sylvian fissure dissection is the best reliable strategy to prevent postoperative venous strokes or venous hypertension. The authors report the role of the basal vein of Rosenthal (BVR) in the venous outflow pattern of the deep sylvian cistern.

METHODS

The authors analyzed 262 consecutive surgical cases involving sylvian fissure dissection from 2015 to 2017. Inclusion criteria were complete sylvian fissure dissection for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. Exclusion criteria were giant size (aneurysm diameter > 24 mm), meningitis, subarachnoid hemorrhage within the sylvian cistern, absence of 4D CT angiography, and previous surgery. Retrospective radiological and operative video reviews were carried out to assess the association between the superficial sylvian vein and the BVR. The authors analyzed the course of the BVR and the patterns of venous drainage of the sylvian cistern. The surgical difficulty of sylvian fissure dissection was rated by the authors to study the operative significance of the venous patterns encountered. Two clinical cases are described to illustrate the proposed BVR classification.

RESULTS

A total of 97 patients met the selection criteria. The most frequent type of BVR was immature (diameter < 0.5 mm, 68%). When the BVR was incompletely developed or absent (immature type), the deep sylvian veins drained through a middle sylvian vein in 70% of cases, requiring advanced sylvian fissure dissection techniques. However, when the BVR was completely developed (32%), the middle sylvian vein was found in a minority of cases (6%), which allowed for an unobstructed transsylvian corridor. Interrater and test-retest reliability of the surgical difficulty was greater than 0.9.

CONCLUSIONS

Preoperative assessment of the BVR anatomy is key to predict the deep sylvian venous pattern. The authors provide objective evidence supporting the reciprocal relationship between the type of BVR and the presence of a middle sylvian vein and the deep sylvian venous outflow. An immature BVR should alert the neurosurgeon of the high likelihood of finding a complex deep venous pattern, which may drive surgical planning.
The etiology of pediatric hydrocephalus across Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ferris Eleanor , Kynaston Jacinta , Dalle David Ulrich , Ng Yuki Julius , Leahy Philomena , Hassan Umar , Bandyopadhyay Soham
Published: January 2024

OBJECTIVE

Despite the high prevalence and significant implications of pediatric hydrocephalus, the etiological distribution of pediatric hydrocephalus across the diverse Asian demographic is poorly understood. This study aimed to inform clinical guidelines and public health decisions by identifying the etiological distribution of pediatric hydrocephalus across Asia.

METHODS

In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the authors searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Global Health, Global Index Medicus, and Scopus, with no language restriction, from inception to January 27, 2023. Observational or experimental studies with pediatric data on the causes of hydrocephalus in a country within Asia were included. Pooled proportions of postinfectious hydrocephalus, nonpostinfectious hydrocephalus, and hydrocephalus related to spinal dysraphism were calculated using a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses were performed on prespecified moderators. Methodological study quality was assessed using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Score and Cochrane’s risk-of-bias tool as per the registered protocol on PROSPERO.

RESULTS

The search yielded 5110 results, for which 79 articles were included, with data on 11,529 children from 18 Asian countries. The pooled proportion of nonpostinfectious hydrocephalus was 29.0% (95% CI 22.9–35.5); postinfectious hydrocephalus was 10.7% (95% CI 7.7–14.1); and hydrocephalus secondary to dysraphism was 7.6% (95% CI 5.1–10.5). The pooled proportion of postinfectious hydrocephalus was greatest in lower-middle-income countries (19.2% [95% CI 12.8–26.3]). There was a negative association between the proportion of postinfectious hydrocephalus and Human Development Index (−1.45 [95% CI −2.21 to −0.69]; p < 0.001); urbanization of the country (−0.008 [95% CI −0.012 to −0.004]; p < 0.001); and increasing distance from the equator (−0.016 [95% CI −0.026 to −0.006]; p = 0.002). The pooled proportion of nonpostinfectious hydrocephalus was greatest in high-income countries (36.7% [95% CI 27.6–46.3]). Certain etiologies of pediatric hydrocephalus were more common in different cultural regions, with postinfectious hydrocephalus most common in South Asia (23.2% [95% CI 15.8–31.5]); nonpostinfectious in East Asia (38.3% [95% CI 26.6–50.7]); and dysraphism in West Asia (11.9% [95% CI 6.4–18.8]).

CONCLUSIONS

Geographic and economic characteristics are associated with the etiological distribution of pediatric hydrocephalus in Asia, with implications for prevention and management strategies. The large proportion of hydrocephalus cases in which the etiology was unclear highlights the need for both improved diagnostics as well as clear and strict universal guidelines on the etiological classification of hydrocephalus.
Pediatric cerebral cavernous malformations and stereotactic radiosurgery: an analysis of 50 cases from a multicentric study
Authors: Mantziaris Georgios , Dumot Chloe , Pikis Stylianos , Peker Selcuk , Samanci Yavuz , Ardor Gokce D. , Nabeel Ahmed M. , Reda Wael A. , Tawadros Sameh R. , Abdel Karim Khaled , El-Shehaby Amr M. N. , Emad Eldin Reem M. , Elazzazi Ahmed H. , Sheehan Darrah , Sheehan Kimball , Martínez Moreno Nuria , Martínez Álvarez Roberto , Liscak Roman , May Jaromir , Tripathi Manjul , Rajput Akshay , Kumar Narendra , Kaur Rupinder , Alzate Juan Diego , Kondziolka Douglas , Dayawansa Sam , Sheehan Jason P.
Published: January 2024

OBJECTIVE

Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are the second most common vascular anomaly affecting the CNS in children. Although stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has been proposed as an alternative to microsurgery in the management of selected cases in adults, there is a paucity of studies focusing on pediatric patients. The aim of this study was to present the outcomes and associated risks of SRS in this subgroup of patients.

METHODS

This retrospective multicenter study included pediatric patients treated with single-session SRS for CCMs. The annual hemorrhage rate (AHR) was calculated before and after SRS in hemorrhagic lesions. The Engel classification was used to describe post-SRS epileptic control. Adverse radiation effects (AREs) and the occurrence of new neurological deficits were recorded.

RESULTS

The study included 50 patients (median age 15.1 [IQR 5.6] years) harboring 62 CCMs. Forty-two (84%) and 22 (44%) patients had a history of hemorrhage or epilepsy prior to SRS, respectively. The AHR from diagnosis to SRS excluding the first hemorrhage was 7.19 per 100 CCM-years, dropping to 3.15 per 100 CCM-years after treatment. The cumulative risk of first hemorrhage after SRS was 7.4% (95% CI 0%–14.3%) at 5 years and 23.6% (95% CI 0%–42.2%) at 10 years. Eight hemorrhagic events involving 6 CCMs in 6 patients were recorded in the post-SRS follow-up period; 4 patients presented with transient symptoms and 4 with permanent symptoms. Of the 22 patients with pre-SRS seizures, 11 were seizure free at the last follow-up (Engel class I), 6 experienced improvement (Engel class II or III), 5 had no improvement (Engel class IVA or IVB), and 1 experienced worsening (Engel class IVC). Radiographic AREs were documented in 14.5% (9/62) of CCMs, with 4 being symptomatic.

CONCLUSIONS

Single-session SRS reduces the CCM hemorrhage rate in the pediatric population and provides adequate seizure control.
АНАЛІЗ ТА МЕТОД ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ НАЙКРАЩИХ ПРАКТИК ДЛЯ УСПІШНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ РИЗИКАМИ В ІТ-ПРОЄКТАХ
Authors: КРАВЧУК Ольга , КРАВЧУК Денис
Published: January 2024

Стаття зосереджується на теоретичних і практичних аспектах управління ризиками в контексті ІТ-проєктів. Особлива увага приділяється аналізу та  методу управління ризиками, що включає комплексний підхід до оцінки, стратегії та плану реагування на ризики. Застосування цього методу демонструється на прикладі конкретного ІТ-проєкту, що включає детальний аналіз його ефективності за допомогою спеціфічних критеріїв. Результати дослідження підтверджують, що застосовуючи найкращі практики для успішного управління ризиками, можливо значно збільшити шанси на успіх проєкту та створити фундамент для майбутніх проєктів.
ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN SISTEM PERHITUNGAN PERKIRAAN HARI LAHIR (HPL) MENGGUNAKAN APLIKASI MATLAB
Authors: Ermewaningsih Heni , Yulianto Iip , Yus Yulius
Published: January 2024

Usia kehamilan calon ibu dapat dihitung salah satunya dengan cara mengetahui hari pertama haid terakhir (HPHT). Untuk menentukan usia kehamilan dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode rumus Naegele. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, penulis menganalisis dan merancang sistem perhitungan Perkiraan Hari Lahir (HPL) menggunakan aplikasi MATLAB. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan studi literatur yang meliputi jurnal ilmiah dan sumber-sumber lainnya yang bersifat elektronik. Teknik analisis sistem  menggunakan teknik berorientasi objek dengan menggunakan teknik pemodelan Unified Modeling Language (UML). Aplikasi dirancang membantu pelayanan POLINDES yang bertempat di Desa Rarai dalam memberikan pelayanan kehamilan dalam menghitung usia kehamilan dan memprediksi usia kehamilan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah aplikasi yang rancang dapat membantu bidan yang bertugas di Desa Rarai dalam menghitung perkiraan usia kehamilan dan perkiraan lahir bayi.
ANALISIS KUALITAS PENGGUNAAN MEDIA ONLINE CALON GURU DAERAH PERBATASAN NKRI-RDTL
Authors: Sele Yunawati , Dewi Ni Putu Yuni Astriani
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis kualitas penggunaan media online calon guru daerah perbatasan NKRI-RDTL. Penelitian dilakukan dengan melibatkan mahasiswa Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Timor dan merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah instrumen kualitas penggunaan media online yang disebarkan secara offline dan secara online melalui google form. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas penggunaan media online calon guru daerah perbatasan NKRI-RDTL berada pada kategori rendah dengan nilai rata-rata 69,53. Di antara empat indikator kualitas penggunaan media online, indikator durasi dan indikator frekuensi berada pada kategori sedang sedangkan indikator perhatian dan indikator penghayatan berada pada kategori rendah. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa upaya pemberdayaan kualitas penggunaan media online calon daerah perbatasan NKRI-RDTL, tidak bisa hanya terbatas pada peningkatan sarana dan prasarana pendukung guna peningkatan durasi dan frekuensi mengakses media online. Lebih dari itu, upaya yang perlu dilakukan adalah pemberdayaan indikator perhatian dan penghayatan calon guru saat mengakses media online sehingga terbentuk kesadaran dan kepekaan personal untuk memilih sumber-sumber informasi secara tepat guna memberikan manfaat bagi kehidupan.
The Role of Mobile Technology in Improving Accessibility and Quality of Learning
Authors: Husnita Liza , Rahayuni Arintina , Fusfitasari Yenni , Siswanto Edy , Rintaningrum Ratna
Published: January 2024

The development of information technology, especially in the form of mobile technology, has sbrought revolutionary changes in various fields of life, including education. The widespread use of mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets has opened up new opportunities for learning and significantly increased the accessibility and quality of learning. The purpose of this summary is to describe the important role mobile technologies play in improving the accessibility and quality of learning. With the help of descriptive methods and literary analysis, the positive effects of mobile technologies on learning are examined. First, mobile technology has broken down geographical and physical barriers to access learning. The ability to access learning materials and educational resources via mobile devices has opened the door to distance learning and self-study. Students can now study anywhere, anytime, increasing the flexibility of the learning process. Second, mobile technology enables the use of interactive and engaging learning applications and platforms. Many educational apps available online offer innovative learning methods such as educational videos, educational games and interactive quizzes. This helps increase student engagement and interest in the learning process, which has a positive impact on their motivation and academic performance. In addition, mobile technology enables more effective collaboration and communication between students, teachers and parents. With the help of communication apps and online learning platforms, teachers can provide real-time feedback, strengthen teacher-student relationships, and facilitate parental involvement in their children's academic development. However, this summary also highlights some of the challenges and concerns that need to be addressed when learning to use mobile technology. Issues such as unequal access to technology, the potential for distracting concentration due to distracting devices, and the importance of student data security and privacy need to be carefully considered. As we recognize the increasingly important role of mobile technology in education, we can take advantage of the opportunities and opportunities offered by this technological revolution to increase the accessibility and quality of learning. With the integration of smart technology and the right support, mobile technology-based learning can become one of the main pillars of a more inclusive and innovative education in the future.
The Influence of Social Media (Tiktok) on Public Speaking Mastery of Students of the Communication Science Department Hang Tuah University Pekanbaru
Authors: Rahman Rudi
Published: January 2024

Social media is a new trend that can provide extensive knowledge to every user. One example is the TikTok application. This application can provide various education for its users, such as mastery of public speaking. This research is experimental research using a One Group Pretest Posttest Design. Where this research aims to see the influence of the TikTok application on the mastery of public speaking of 11 students majoring in Hang Tuah University, Pekanbaru, who are the subjects of this research. The data analysis technique uses the Wilcoxon test with the help of the SPSS for Windows version 22.00 program. The instrument used is an observation sheet that refers to public speaking indicators, namely pronunciation and intonation, voice volume, fluency, relationship and accuracy of content to topic, gestures, and mimicry. The results of the Wilcoxon test showed that Zscore = 4.370> 0.135 and Asymp. Sig (2 tailed) is 0.000> 0.05 so Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. Based on these statistical tests, it can be concluded that there is an influence of TikTok social media on the public speaking mastery of students at the Communication Science Department, Hang Tuah University, Pekanbaru. This is also supported by the increase that occurred in the pre-test and posttest results, which were initially 46.91 in the Fair category to 76.63 in the Good category
Advertising in Instagram Social Media
Authors: Silvira Melva , Riswanto Riswanto
Published: January 2024

Advertising is currently facing significant difficulties, whether people know the effect of the number of advertisements on advertising saturation. The public is presented with communication tools by the new era media. Anyone involved in advertising should be aware of this situation because the evolution of advertising is parallel to the new media movement. As a result, the expectations of the target market segment will be better met. A profession associated with a new style of advertising, driven by the appearance and popularity of social media, has responded to the challenges of today's new advertising style. utilizing social media as a new choice in communication strategies, such as Instagram social media which is a forum or place for building relationships, communicating with anyone and anywhere, showing pictures or short videos, expressing expressions using the available comments column, the function of Instagram social media is also a social media that builds a good image or picture in the process of marketing products or services offered by entrepreneurs or business people
Platelet Parameters in Nonthrombocytopenic Preeclampsia: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Alhusaynei Ahmed J. , Nayyef Hanan Dh
Published: January 2024

الخلاصة
الخلفية: مقدمات الارتعاج هو اضطراب خاص بالحمل متعدد الأجهزة، يتميز بتطور ارتفاع ضغط الدم والبيلة البروتينية التي تنشأ بعد الأسبوع العشرين من الحمل في امرأة كانت ذات ضغط طبيعي سابقًا ويرتبط الحمل بالتكيف الفسيولوجي الذي يؤدي الى تغيير في نظام الدم ومن ضمنها معلمات الصفائح الدموية.
هدف الدراسة: دراسة لمقارنة العلاقة بين عدد الصفائح الدموية (pc) ومؤشرات الصفائح الدموية وهي متوسط حجم الصفائح الدموية (MPV) وتوزيع الصفائح الدموية (PDW) ونسبة عدد الصفائح الى حجمها في النساء المصابات بمقدمات الارتعاج مع النساء ذوات الحمل الطبيعي.
المرضى والطريقة: تم إجراء دراسة الحالة والشاهد في قسم النسائية والتوليد في مستشفى الخنساء التعليمي للأطفال والولادة ، الموصل، العراق على مدى فترة تمتد من الاول من شباط ٢٠٢٠ إلى نهاية كانون الأول٢٠٢٠.  شاركت عينة من ١٢٠ امرأة حامل في الدراسة ممن استوفين معايير الاشتمال. ٦٠ منهن تم تشخيص إصابتهن بمقدمات الارتعاج (٣٠ امرأة حامل مع مقدمة الارتعاج  الخفيف و ٣٠ امرأة حامل مع مقدمة الارتعاج الشديد و٦٠ امرأة حامل حملا طبيعيا كمجموعة شاهد. تم قياس عدد الصفائح الدموية ومتوسط حجم الصفائح الدموية كجزء من تعداد الدم الكامل.
النتائج: علاقة خطية معنوية بين متوسط حجم الصفائح الدموية (MPV) وعرض توزيع الصفائح الدموية (PDW) بمتوسط ضغط شرياني في مجموعة تسمم الحمل بقيمة p (0.025 و 0.001) على التوالي وعلاقة عكسية معنوية بين عدد الصفائح الدموية ومتوسط الضغط الشرياني مع p تمت ملاحظة قيمة (<0.001).
الخلاصة: تعتبر مؤشرات الصفائح الدموية فعالة من حيث التكلفة، وسهلة القياس، وعلامات عملية   لرصد مقدمة الارتعاج ، وان متوسط حجم الصفائح الدموية وعرض توزيعها  له علاقة طردية  كبيرة مع متوسط الضغط الشرياني في حالة مقدمة الارتعاج الشديد.
الكلمات المفتاحية: مقدمة الاتعاج, معلمات الصفائح الدمويه, عدد الصفائح الدمويه, حجم الصفائح الدمويه, توزيع الصفائح الدمويه.
Association between Serum Insulin and Interleukin-6 levels with Breast Cancer in Post-Menopausal Iraqi Women
Authors: Abd Mohammed A. , Majeed ٍShaymaa A.
Published: January 2024

الخلاصة
الخلفية:  تتزايد معدلات السمنة يومًا بعد يوم مما يؤثر على جميع السكان في مختلف الأعمار. أكثر أنواع السرطانات انتشارًا بين النساء في جميع أنحاء العالم هو سرطان الثدي ، مع تزايد معدلاته في الوقت الحاضر وفي المستقبل. تم اثبات وجود ارتباط جوهري بين السمنة وسرطان الثدي. ترتبط المستويات المرتفعة من الأنسولين والإنترلوكين 6 في الدم ارتباطًا جوهريًا بالسمنة والاصابة بسرطان الثدي.
الاهداف:  تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى فحص تأثير مستويات الأنسولين والإنترلوكين 6 في الدم في مرضى سرطان الثدي بعد سن اليأس ودراسة العلاقة بين هذه المؤشرات الحيوية وتطور سرطان الثدي.
المرضى وطرق العمل: في هذا البحث ، شاركت 120 امرأة في سن اليأس ، 30 امرأة كان مؤشر كتلة الجسم لديهن> 30 كجم / م 2 ومصابات بسرطان الثدي ويعتبرن مصابات بالسمنة (المجموعة 1) ، 30 امرأة مع مؤشر كتلة الجسم أقل من 30 كجم / م 2 مصابات بسرطان الثدي و يعتبر 30 شخصًا غير بدينين (المجموعة 2) ، وكان مؤشر كتلة الجسم لدى 30 منهم> 30 كجم / م 2 وكانوا غير مصابين بسرطان الثدي و يعانون من السمنة (المجموعة 3) ، وكان 30 مشاركًا بمؤشر كتلة جسم أقل من 30 كجم / م 2 ، على ما يبدو أصحاء ولم يكونوا يعانون من السمنة المفرطة (المجموعة 4). تم سحب خمسة مليلتر من الدم الوريدي من قبل كل امرأة مشاركة في البحث . يتم قياس مستويات الأنسولين والإنترلوكين -6 في الدم باستخدام تقنية مقايسة الممتز المناعي المرتبط بالانزيم .
النتائج : كانت مستويات الأنسولين في مصل الدم أعلى في مجموعات المشاركين الذين يعانون من السمنة المفرطة (المجموعتان 1 و 3) مقارنة بمجموعات المشاركين غير البدينين (المجموعتان 2 و 4) ، وكانت مستويات الإنترلوكين 6 في المصل هي الأقل في المجموعة الغير مصابة بسرطان الثدي والتي لا تعاني من المسنة المفرطة (المجموعة 4). تم العثور على علاقة معنوية ايجابية معتدلة بين مؤشر كتلة الجسم وكل من الأنسولين والإنترلوكين 6. يزداد خطر الإصابة بسرطان الثدي بعد انقطاع الطمث مع ارتفاع الأنسولين في الدم والإنترلوكين 6.
 
الاستنتاجات: ارتبطت المستويات المرتفعة من الانترلوكين 6 والأنسولين في مصل الدم بارتفاع مؤشر كتلة الجسم. بالإضافة إلى ذلك ، تم ربط المستويات المرتفعة من إنترلوكين -6 بالحالة السرطانية للمرضى غير البدينين. يزداد خطر الإصابة بسرطان الثدي مع ارتفاع مستويات مصل الدم لكل من الأنسولين والانترليوكين -6.
مفتاح الكلمات :  السمنة, سرطان الثدي, النساء بعد سن اليأس, الانسولين, الانترليوكين-6.
Dual citizenship policy in sub-saharan Africa: A Comparative Analysis of Nigeria and Angola
Authors: Udochi Great
Published: January 2024

In recent decades, recognition of dual citizenship has been one of the ways countries have sought to maintain ties with emigrants and immigrants. Sub-Saharan African countries, which are mainly countries of emigration, have been a part of this trend, however not all of them. This research paper investigates the cases of Nigeria and Angola, two dissimilar countries in the region that have both recognized dual citizenship, to discover reasons that fueled the policy. It finds out that the political dynamic of a democratic transition is an underlying factor that led to the acceptance of dual citizenship in both countries.
Köken Düzleminde “Biliyorum”: Bilme-Bilim-Bilgi İlişkisi
Authors: COŞKUN Cüneyt
Published: January 2024

“Biliyorum”, “düşünüyor, sorguluyor ve yazıyor” olmanın bütünü, sonucudur. Basitmiş gibi görünen ancak kompleks bir problematiğe sahiptir. Bu problematiğin, gerçek amacı olan bir modellemede değerlendirilmesi ise oldukça önemlidir. Bu makalede bu model, “köken düzlemi modeli”dir. Bu model öncelikli olarak “köken” ve “başlangıç” kavramlarının etimolojik olarak farklılığını dikkate alarak, “bilme”, “bilim” ve “bilgi” kavramlarının kaynak, öz ölçüsünde tespitinden hareket etmektedir. Her bir kavramın dönemsel olarak farklı anlama, anlamlandırma ve açıklama boyutu odağa alınmıştır. Bu üç ana bileşenin birbirleriyle olan ilişkisi, ilgili dönemde toplumsal, ekonomik, düşünsel ve inanç zemininde değerlendirilmiştir.

Bu makalenin temel amacı, “köken düzlemi” olarak isimlendirdiğimiz model eksenin de “bilme”, “bilim” ve “bilgi” kavramlarının kökensel konumunu tespit etmektir. Ayrıca model sınırlarında “bilme-bilim-bilgi ilişkisi”ne dayalı “biliyorum”un tarihsel denklemini, M.S. 4. yüzyıl öncesi dönemle sınırlandırarak oluşturmaktır. Böylesi bir nokta dönem belirlememizin ya da sınırlandırmamızın nedeni ise M.S. 4. yüzyıl öncesinde olduğu gibi sonrasında da daha ideal bir yargıya ulaşmanın farklı bilme, bilim ve bilgi kavrayışlarının olmasıdır. Sonuç olarak, son konusu dönem çerçevesinde “biliyorum” tarihi, üç ana bileşen ilişkisinin değişen sürece göre toplam alanı olduğu görülmektedir.
Student Mobility Management System and Business Intelligence Solution for Higher Education Institutions
Authors: DAMAR Muhammet
Published: January 2024

Erasmus+ is a form of mobility supported by the European Union that provides education and internship opportunities at another contracted university abroad, subject to the agreements that university students and even faculty must adhere to. This way, international education opportunities are provided, and in addition to cultural exchange and integration, the goal is to increase international cooperation. This mobility is critical to its students' career development. While managing student mobility is straightforward for universities with a small number of programs, it can become complicated and time consuming for universities with a large number of faculties and institutes, and thus students. Our study proposes an information system for managing this complexity effectively. Prior to modeling, the developed information system was successfully run, with the goal of managing the process effectively. The study shares user experiences, critical points in the needs analysis process, developed processes and user roles, as well as screenshots of developed systems and their tasks. The findings indicated that administrators in universities welcomed such practices, and that effective management was provided for universities with intensive programs, particularly those with difficult-to-coordinate and dispersed campuses. By incorporating business intelligence technology into the developed system, it is ensured that educational technologies used in higher education institutions are up to date. No study has been identified in the literature that comprehensively evaluates the learning mobility process and connects the subject to current technologies.
Bireysellik ve Toplumsallık Bağlamında Modern Bireyin Anlam Arayışı
Authors: TÜLÜCE Hüseyin Adem
Published: January 2024

Çalışmamızda insanın anlam probleminin bireysellik ve toplumsallık sarkacı arasında nerede durduğunu çözümlemeye çalıştık. Yaşamın anlamı meselesi bireysel ve toplumsal yönlere sahiptir. Bu yönlerin bir tarafında anlamın birey tarafından yaratıldığını ve insanın hayata anlam yükleyen bir varlık olduğunu ileri süren bireyselci anlayış vardır. Bu anlayış sanayileşme sonrası modern dönemde ortaya çıkan ve bireyi öne çıkaran bir görüştür. Birey merkezli anlam arayışına “içkin” anlam arayışı da denilebilir. İçkin anlam arayışında insan, tanrısal bir varoluş zemininden uzaklaştığı için bu boş alanı kendisi doldurmaya çalışmıştır. Diğer tarafta ise toplumsalı merkeze alan “aşkın” anlam arayışı vardır. Geleneksel toplumlarda aşkın anlam arayışı din ve mitolojiler üzerinden hayata anlam verir. Burada anlamı hazır olarak insanüstü bir varlık verir. Anlam arayışı bağlamında her iki anlayış da kendi içinde birtakım eksiklikler barındırmaktadır. Anlam arayışında toplumsallık insanın birey olma yönünü en aza indirir ve onu toplumsalın içinde nesneleştirir. Bireysellik ise insanın anlam arayışında önemli bir yere sahip olan diğer insanlarla olan ilişkisini yok sayarak onu atomize eder. İnsanın anlam arayışı, bireyin kendine gelmesi ve kendinden geçmesi çerçevesinde gerçekleşir. İnsanın kendinden geçmesi toplumsal anlam arayışını imlerken kendine gelmesi bireysel anlam arayışını imlemektedir. Bu açıdan anlam arayışı bireysellik ve toplumsallık arasında bir sarkaç gibidir, bazen bireysellik tarafına bazen de toplumsallık tarafına gider.
Mühendislik Kültürünün ve Eğitiminin Öncüsü: Ord. Prof. Mehmet Fikri Santur (1878-1951)
Authors: BAYAM TAKICAK Semiha Betül
Published: January 2024

Mehmet Fikri Santur, Osmanlı’dan Cumhuriyet’e, isim değiştirerek birbirine dönüşen İTÜ’nün ve Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi’nin öncüsü sivil mühendislik eğitimi veren kurumlarda 43 yıl aralıksız hocalık ve idarecilik yapmıştır. Santur, Avrupa’da yapılan bilimsel toplantılara katılmış, yabancı kaynakları yakından izlemiş ve gençlerin yetişmesi için özel bir çaba göstermiştir. Nafia Nezareti tarafından sık sık görevlendirilen Santur’un sahada da pek çok çalışması olmuştur. Bu gayretleriyle Santur, Osmanlı’dan Cumhuriyet’e mühendislik kültürünün ve eğitiminin yaygınlaşmasında etkin rol oynayan sayılı simalardan biridir. Eldeki bu çalışma kapsamında, Santur’un daha önce mevcut olmayan tam bir biyografisini hazırlamak amacıyla basılı kaynakların yanında arşiv belgelerine başvurulmuştur. Ayrıca, matematik ve mühendislik alanında yazdığı kitap ve makalelerinin tam bir bibliyografyası ilk defa hazırlanmıştır. 16 farklı kitabını tespit ettiğimiz Fikri Santur’un eserlerinin pek çok kez baskısı yapılmıştır. Santur’un bu eserleri, modern mühendislik eğitiminin ülkede yaygınlaşmasını sağlayan temel referans mahiyetindeki eserlerdendir. Fikri Santur’un 8 farklı dergide 57 makalesi yayımlanmıştır. Bu eserlerin fen ve mühendislik eğitimi tarihi açısından önemi eldeki bu çalışma ile ortaya konulmuştur. Bu makalelerden, Argand sistemini ve fotoelastisiteyi tanıttığı makaleleri kendi alanlarında ülkede yazılan ilk makalelerdendir. Tüm bu veriler ışığında Santur’un fen, matematik ve mühendislik eğitimimize olan katkıları ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.
Türkiye’de Yükseköğretimin Uluslararasılaşması: Tematik ve Metodolojik Bir Analiz
Authors: ÇALIKOĞLU Alper
Published: January 2024

Uluslararasılaşma, son dönemde dünyadaki birçok ülkeye benzer şekilde, Türkiye’de de yükseköğretimin önemli bir gündem maddesi haline gelmiştir. Ulusal ve kurumsal düzeyde genişleyen politika, strateji ve uygulamalar, araştırmacıların konuya ilgisini artırarak, yükseköğretimde uluslararasılaşmayı Türkiye bağlamında inceleyen önemli bir akademik birikimin oluşmasına yol açmıştır. Bu durum, ilgili akademik birikimi toplu olarak değerlendirerek, politika oluşturuculara, uygulayıcılara ve araştırmacılara ilerideki süreç için rehberlik edecek çalışmalara ihtiyaç doğurmaktadır. Bu ihtiyaçtan hareketle, mevcut çalışma, Türk Yükseköğretimi’nde uluslararasılaşma ile ilgili akademik makaleleri belirli özellikleri açısından bütünsel olarak incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla sistematik tarama yapılarak, ilgili makaleler yıl, konu, tematik bakış, makale yazarlarının çalışma alanları, makalelerde kullanılan kavramsal/teorik çerçeve ve metodolojik yaklaşımlar açısından incelenmiştir. Bulgular, uluslararasılaşmayı Türkiye bağlamında inceleyen makalelerin özellikle 2016 yılından itibaren arttığını ve ilgili makaleler içerisinde uluslararası öğrenciler konusunun ve sosyo-kültürel tematik bakışın, makale yazarları arasında da eğitim bilimleri alanında çalışan araştırmacıların ağırlıkta olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca, Türkiye’de yükseköğretimin uluslararasılaşması ile ilgili çalışmalarda göç, hareketlilik, küreselleşme ve yumuşak güç gibi kavramsal/teorik çerçeveler ile betimsel nicel ve olgubilim ve durum çalışması gibi nitel desenlerin kullanımı belirgindir. Bu bulgulara göre, Türkiye’de konu ile ilgili gelecekteki uygulamaların müfredat ve müfredat dışı etkinliklerin uluslararasılaşmasına yönelik çalışmalarla, araştırmaların da benzer alanlarda çok-disiplinli çalışmalar ve farklı nitel ve nicel desenlerle çeşitlendirilmesi önerilmektedir.
Covid-19 Pandemisi Sürecince Üniversitelerin Uzaktan Eğitim Kapasiteleri
Authors: KARADAĞ Engin , ÇİFTÇİ S. Koza , GÖK Ramazan , SU Ahmet , ERGİN-KOCATÜRK Hatice , ÇİFTÇİ Ş. Selin
Published: January 2024

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı; COVID-19 pandemisi sürecinde üniversitelerin uzaktan eğitim kapasitelerinin belirlenmesi ve değerlendirilmesidir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda çalışmada öğrenci büyüklüklerine göre 20’si devlet üniversitesi 10’u vakıf üniversitesi olarak toplamda 30 üniversitenin uzaktan eğitim kapasiteleri, insan kaynakları, yazılım ve donanım altyapıları, bütçeleri ve gelecek projeksiyonları inceledi. Çalışmada veriler, çalışma kapsamında geliştirilen ‘Uzaktan Eğitim Kapasitesi Değerlendirme Formu’ kullanılarak elde edildi. Sonuçlar Türkiye’deki üniversitelerin uzaktan eğitimde insan kaynakları, donanım ve yazılım alt yapıları ve kapasiteleri, içerik üretim kapasiteleri, sınav alt yapıları ve kapasiteleri ve bütçeleri açısından düşük ve yetersiz olduğu gösterdi. Ek olarak üniversitelerin uzaktan eğitim merkezlerinin yeterlilikleri üniversite türü, büyüklüğü ve yaşı açısından anlamlı olarak farklılaşmadığı görüldü.