bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review: Letters of Sigmund Freud, 1873–1939
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this review, Winnicott praises Jones for bringing together a collection of correspondence that shows Sigmund Freud as human and a man of deep feeling.
Review: Psychologie du Premier Âge
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In his review, Winnicott finds the book a valuable and comprehensive statement of the psychology of the first three years of life, with the author’s outlook influenced by the psychobiology of Henri Wallon.
Morals and Education
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this lecture given at the Institute of Education, London, and published in a book entitled Moral Education in a Changing Society, Winnicott asserts that all children have the capacity to be educated morally; it is a universal and long-standing aspect of humanity. Winnicott’s account focuses on emotional development and the natural integration of experiences of good and bad through the support and empathy provided by parents. Through this, trust and reliability in the world begins. Parents need to create for the child a sense of the moral values that they uphold. Allowing children to experience the inevitable conflicts of powerful feelings and to learn to tolerate them gives a sense of goodness and badness an internal and an external place. This can lead to a creative engagement with the world.
Review: The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, Volume 16
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this review, Winnicott enthusiastically summarizes the included papers on blind children and their emotional development (Dorothy Burlingham), adolescent moods (Edith Jacobson), the effects of deprivation on infants, disturbances of integration in childhood (Liselotte Frankl), depression (Betram Lewis) and the allied subject of loss, sadness and grief in infancy (Margaret Mahler).
Considerations in the Study of Homosexuality
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this essay, Winnicott gives a succinct account of the factors that need consideration when studying homosexuality and bisexuality. He looks at this from the perspective of psychoanalysis and normal child development and its variations, as well as from the societal perspective. His notes suggest a clear wish to attend to this area objectively, without prejudice and fear, at a time of great societal change in attitude towards homosexuality.
Letter to Timothy Raison
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this letter in response to a questionnaire sent by Raison, Winnicott explains his refusal to answer questions that he feels are useless to research.
Struggling Through the Doldrums
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this discussion of adolescence, Winnicott suggests that the only ‘cure’ for this period of a young person’s life is the living of it, without too much intrusion by the parents, until, in time, maturity is reached. He emphasizes his belief that puberty and its transformations, new instinctual demands, sexual experiences, archaic destructive wishes and the essential isolation of the individual all require sensitive environmental care.
From Dependence Towards Independence in the Development of the Individual
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this talk to an Atlanta Psychiatric Clinic, Winnicott maintains that the early Freudian account of growth in terms of oral, anal, phallic and genital phases is insufficient. He charts growth in terms of the phases of dependence in early infancy until gradual independence in adulthood is more or less achieved. He sees this movement from dependence to independence as never completed. It is both a personal journey and a societal one. Winnicott elaborates three phases of the journey: ‘absolute dependence’, ‘relative dependence’ and ‘towards independence’. He cites many case examples of these phases.
Hospital Care Supplementing Intensive Psychotherapy in Adolescence
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this talk to the McLean Hospital in Belmont, Massachusetts, on the opening of new facilities for the care of psychiatrically ill adolescents, Winnicott describes some characteristics of normal adolescence and their relationship to the symptomatology of psychiatrically ill children at the age of puberty. A case is given that illustrates some of the difficulties that belong to the management of patients of this age group. Winnicott sees intensive psychotherapy as working alongside psychiatric care. The topics of maturation, pathology, diagnosis and management are covered.
D. W. W.’s Dream Related to Reviewing Jung
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

Winnicott’s account of a powerful experience in a dream which he had while reviewing the work of Jung. The dream, in which Winnicott is both the destroyer and the destroyed, and the self-awareness of these two ‘I’s, leads Winnicott to an awareness that destructiveness belongs first to the subjective world and also to the objectively perceived world. Creativeness thus belongs to being alive and a subjective world and also to the objectively perceived. Winnicott links the capacity to play or dream to something unconsciously destroyed in fantasy, showing that destructiveness can be manageable and indeed essential. Winnicott connects this state to Jung’s own childhood memories of playing constructively and destroying over and over again without ever describing himself as having destroyed.
Review: The Non-Human Environment in Normal Development and in Schizophrenia
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this review, Winnicott applauds the study of the nonhuman environment as an extension of the environment that is the mother prior to the baby’s arrival at object-relationships with id cathexes.
Review: Childhood Schizophrenia
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this review, Winnicott expresses his enthusiasm for this summary of research done at the Henry Ittleson Centre, New York City, where the research team works with those who are involved in therapeutic work with children. He compliments the research design, which includes observation of carefully matched controls, and the statistically significant results obtained.
Perversions and Pregenital Fantasy
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this essay, Winnicott points out a possible link between pregenital impregnation fantasy and perversions, describing how, in genital maturity, there is a direct relation between potency and impregnation, whereas in immaturity there are innumerable fantasies that eventually become an idea of impregnation. It is these pregenital fantasies that in health provide the imaginative fringe around the stark fact of the baby in the womb.
Deductions Drawn from a Psychotherapeutic Interview with an Adolescent
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this paper, Winnicott gives the case of Jane, who gave Winnicott an unexpected insight into the aetiology of her painful split in her relationship to her sister, and an explanation of the girl’s fear of involvement with her beloved, lonely mother. Winnicott describes the adolescent Jane as a remarkable and awkward young person, saying that there is practically no psychiatric disorder that is not touched upon; yet, at the same time, the girl is healthy. Winnicott writes that Jane’s relationship with her sister, an active child who hated Jane’s birth, was that their personalities merged. Outside the merging there existed both the withdrawn half of Jane and the extrovert half of her sister. Before relating to her mother, with whom Jane had not developed an identification, Winnicott proposes Jane must achieve a unit self or identity.
Letter to Renata Gaddini
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

A letter from Winnicott to Renata Gaddini looking back on his experience in broadcasting.
Letter to The Observer
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

Winnicott’s letter to The Observer on an article ‘The Mothers Children Need’ by the psychoanalyst Martin James, in which Winnicott was quoted. Winnicott discusses the distinctions between ‘devotion’ and ‘cleverness’ in mothering.
Letter to John O. Wisdom
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

Winnicott’s letter to Professor John Wisdom on John Bion and on Bion’s book Learning from Experience, addressing, in particular, that Bion’s terms ‘reverie’ and ‘tantalising’ are concepts Winnicott feels he has been describing for several decades, without recognition from Klein and her supporters.
Letter to The Observer
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

Winnicott’s letter to The Observer in response to some readers who had understood his previous letter to The Observer to be implying that Winnicott appeared to blame parents for their child’s autism.
New Light on Children’s Thinking
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this paper, Winnicott describes his contribution to children’s thinking as a comment from the child psychiatry angle on thinking as a function and within the overall theory of the development of the human personality. He goes on to play with many meanings and uses of the verb ‘to think’ He cites cataloguing, categorising and collating functions which start very early in the child all as part of thinking. He points out that over-intellectualisation may be a drawback of the function of thinking if intuition and imagination are neglected and that such misuse of the mind may be defensive against psychic pain or suffering.
Letter to Michael Fordham
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

A note from Winnicott to Fordham in which Winnicott states he will try to get to understand Fordham’s term ‘de-integrate’.
Letter to Michael Fordham
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

Winnicott’s letter to Michael Fordham on autism and the difference between communication and interpretation.
Review: Childhood and Society
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

Winnicott’s positive review of the paperback edition of Erikson’s Childhood and Society.
Letter to Charles Anthony Storr
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

Winnicott’s letter to Dr Storr on paranoid persons in the West and in Nigerian society and the introduction of electroconvulsive therapy there.
Letter to Martin James
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

Winnicott’s letter to Dr James on the response of Anna Freud and Tom Freeman of the British Psychological Society to Winnicott’s review of Anna Freud’s Normality and Pathology in Childhood.
A 70th Birthday Present
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this short note, Winnicott states his wish to give himself the birthday present of delivering a series of lectures to psychoanalysts of the sort already given to child psychiatrists. He envisages these lectures not as part of the student psychoanalytic training scheme, but under the auspices of the NAMH.
The Value of the Therapeutic Consultation
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this paper, Winnicott describes the importance of the first interview with a child, in which much may be achieved that could only evolve slowly in an analysis. He gives examples from a variety of cases. He indicates that the emotional distress of the child will usually emerge in the first meeting and that although his training and technique as a psychoanalyst lies at the base of this working method, he will vary his practice to meet the need of the given situation.
Preface to The Family and Individual Development
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

Winnicott’s preface to his book The Family and Individual Development gives a statement of its central topic: the family and the theory of the emotional growth of the human child. Winnicott proposes that the prototype of the place where the developing child meets society lies in the original meeting point for us all, the infant-mother relationship. Included are Winnicott’s acknowledgements for the book.
Review: Shared Fate
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

Winnicott’s review of Shared Fate by David Kirk, on adoption. The ‘shared fate’ refers to the parent’s capacity for empathy with their adopted child with the parents’ own experience of deprivation, namely, the state of childlessness before adoption. While much that is important in adoption is not included, and while it references almost exclusively American works, Winnicott writes that the book succeeds in presenting an immense amount of work done in a limited area on the total field of adoption.
Letter to The Times
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

Winnicott’s letter to The Times on the roles of psychiatry and paediatrics in mental hospital provision for adolescents.
Letter to Hans Thorner
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

Winnicott’s letter to Hans Thorner on the use of the phrase ‘death instinct’ within the British Psychoanalytic Society.
Letter to The Times
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

A joint letter to The Times from Winnicott, Bowlby, Fordham, Anna Freud, Miller, MacKeith, and Soddy on the need for courts to act swiftly to decide on custody and adoption cases, with reference to the ‘blood-tie’ adoption child. They argue that delay in settling the infant in a family risks doing permanent harm.
Letter to Sylvia Payne
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

Winnicott’s letter to Sylvia Payne on her objection to the publication in the BPA’s Scientific Bulletin of some part of the controversial discussions held in the society during the early 1940s.
The Child in the Family Group
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this lecture to teachers, Winnicott discusses the child as an individual and as a member of a group. He states that in social work the child has always been seen as part of the family, but in psychoanalysis there has been an unavoidable emphasis on the child as an individual. Winnicott discusses the roles of the mother and father in the period of growth when the child moves from being an individual unit to becoming part of the family group structure. He describes the movement in childhood between the mother being experienced as a ‘subjective object’ to the mother becoming objectively perceived. The mother’s empathic adaptation to the child’s needs enables continuity in this stage of development. Winnicott speaks of his theory of transitional objects and phenomena, which are employed by the individual child as he passes through this important phase. He states that in healthy development the child needs time for this phase to be fully exploited. He also touches on issues of loyalty and disloyalty to parents and the to-and-fro between mother and father.
Preface to Renata Gaddini’s Italian Translation of The Family and Individual Development
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

Winnicott’s preface to Renata Gaddini’s Italian translation of his book The Family and Individual Development, in which he recognises that translation from English culture to Italian culture presents difficulties. Winnicott admits that it cannot be used as a textbook for doctors, psychiatrists, psychologists or any other profession, because it contains the ideas of psychoanalysis, a discipline which involves a new area of understanding and which crosses between several professions. He elaborates on this and on the inevitable hostility towards psychoanalysis, and he challenges the mainstream professions in their attitudes towards it.
The Unconscious
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this note, Winnicott admits that the idea of the unconscious is sometimes considered ‘old hat’ and out of date. He comments on the ‘cold war’ between psychologists—academic, social, and economic—and psychotherapists and psychiatric social workers whose work takes them constantly into the realms where the unconscious is significant. He is concerned with re-validating the concept of the unconscious and all the difficulties it continues to present for everyone in daily life and with not avoiding the fact that through the manifestations of the unconscious, life encompasses pain and suffering along with good.
Review: Adoption Policy and Practice
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

Winnicott’s review of Adoption Policy and Practice by Goodacre, which he finds to be a scholarly report from which a great deal may be learned about overcoming difficulties in the field of fostering and adoption. He notes that the work finds many matters for improvement in the process of adoption, raising the issue that parents need help talking over their experience and that the child needs to be told at some point that he or she is adopted.
The Location of Cultural Experience
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this paper, Winnicott addresses the existence of culture and all it implies in understanding human development. Dissatisfied with the Freudian notion of culture as the sublimation of instincts in this regard, he argues that cultural experience is the continuity of the human race that transcends personal experience. Cultural experience is located in the potential space between the individual and the environment and is first manifested in play.
Letter to D. N. Parfitt
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

Winnicott’s letter to Dr Parfitt agreeing with him on cases of anorexia and opposing this to the view of William Sargant, for whom almost everything, Winnicott suggests, is seen as an illness. Winnicott writes that anorexia, like enuresis, is not an illness unless someone takes the very severe cases and gives them a label. He argues for dynamic psychology being used in cases that involve anorexia.
Discussion of ‘The Clinical Handling of the Analyst’s Response’
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

Winnicott’s discussion of Alger’s paper ‘The Clinical Handling of the Analyst’s Response’, including warnings to the analyst to be aware of his own personality as it appears in the clinical work and to also be aware of the importance of those patient with early difficulties who use the analyst to repeat these unhelpful experiences.
The Concept of a Healthy Individual
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this talk to the Royal Medico-Psychological Association, Psychotherapy and Social Psychiatry Section Winnicott proposes that society cannot get further than the common denominator of individual health and that it must carry its unhealthy members. He gives an outline of the key areas of his theory of emotional development in the individual: the cornerstones of his life’s work in psychoanalysis.
Environmental Health in Infancy
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this talk to the Paediatric Section of the Royal Society of Medicine, Winnicott explains why it is important that doctors and nurses understand that they should not interfere with the establishment of the interpersonal relationships of the baby and mother. Holding and handling, object relating and the management of excretory processes are among his topics, all from the perspective of his role both as a doctor and a psychoanalyst.
Delinquency as a Sign of Hope
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

Winnicott’s talk to the assistant governors of Borstals on his concept of the anti social tendency in the young. He links this tendency to the point at which a child becomes deprived of what he satisfactorily has had hitherto and tries to return to this stage to recover hope again and continue in his development. He elaborates on this subject from his perspective as a psychoanalyst.
Review: A Home from Home
Authors: Winnicott Donald W. , Stewart Sheila
Published: March 2017

Winnicott’s favourable review of Sheila Stewart’s autobiography ‘A Home from Home’.
Obituary: James Strachey
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

Winnicott’s Obituary of James Strachey, his first analyst and the translator of Freud into the Standard Edition, The Complete Psychological Works of Freud.
Letter to Margaret Torrie
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

Letter from Winnicott to Margaret Torrie on her work on mastectomy and on a patient of Winnicott’s he feels he has failed.
Letter to Margaret Torrie
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

Letter from Winnicott to Margaret Torrie adding to the previous letter, quoting the analyst Thomas Main, and remembering Winnicott’s early career.
The Aetiology of Infantile Schizophrenia in Terms of Adaptive Failure
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this paper given at a conference on the aetiology of infantile schizophrenia, which he could not attend, Winnicott puts forward the notion that there must be room for discussion of approaches to this subject other than those that propound the organic causes of infantile schizophrenia. His puts forward for consideration his own views on the importance of disturbances in the interplay of individual and environmental factors in the earliest stages of development of the individual.
Letter to Charles Clay Dahlberg
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

Letter from Winnicott to Dr Dahlberg on physical contact between patient and therapist.
Playing
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this paper, Winnicott proposes that only in the act of playing is the adult or child free to be creative. The paradox at the heart of his paper on Transitional Objects and Phenomena—that the baby believes he is creating a reality which may in fact be supplied by the mother—leads Winnicott on to this further statement regarding its relation to playing. The original location of playing he considers to be the potential space between baby and mother. For Winnicott, this set of ideas leads to the discovery for each individual of a true, individual, or authentic, self.
Trips into Partisanship
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this light and comical note, Winnicott discusses his own particular hates and loves with respect to new buildings and their creators. He asserts that one needs to know who and what one hates and that this should not be disguised in anonymity.
Letter to Renata Gaddini
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

Letter from Winnicott to Renata Gaddini on the release of a translation into Italian of The Family and Individual Development, by a different translator than Gaddini.
Letter to Marjorie Spence
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

Letter from Winnicott to a Mrs Spence on bringing up her baby.
Review: A Collection of Children’s Books
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

A review by Winnicott of six books for children.
The Place Where We Live
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this paper, Winnicott restates the themes of his paper ‘The Location of Cultural Experience’ for a different audience. Here he examines ‘the place where we live’ when we are experiencing and enjoying life fully. He discusses a third place, an intermediate zone, beyond inner and outer reality, where the variations inherent in all of us enable each of us to enjoy cultural or creative play in individual ways. This variation arises, he suggests, from the original use of the potential space between mother and baby in early life, where trust, confidence and playfulness can occur, later leading to the mature and pleasurable use of cultural artefacts.
Communication Between Infant and Mother, and Mother and Infant, Compared and Contrasted
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

Winnicott summarises the conscious and unconscious to and fro between a mother and her baby who has as yet no separate conscious and unconscious. The baby, he writes, communicates creatively and in time becomes able to use what has been found so that the mother is found and used. Winnicott sums up the process in a poetic final statement. The preliminary notes for this lecture are also included.
The Use of the Word ‘Use’
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

Winnicott discusses the various meanings of the word ‘use’ in the analytic setting as well as in the setting of the baby ‘using’ the mother. He also refers to the patient ‘wasting’ the analyst and of the change when real use is made as one of moving from ‘protecting’ the analyst from full use and then finally arriving at using the object and being used in return.
Interpretation in Psycho-Analysis
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this short piece, Winnicott writes of what concerns him as to the process of interpretation in the clinical setting. Verbal and nonverbal communications of all kinds from the patient are, in his view, available for the analyst to interpret and acknowledge. Correcting misunderstandings, responding at the appropriate or needed moment in time in relation to the given material, not intruding with an interpretation that might be intellectual but not affective for the patient is also commented on.
Review: Vulnerable Children: Three Studies of Children in Conflict
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

Winnicott’s review of a report on vulnerable children by Lindy Burton which he finds inadequate.
Review: Human Aggression
Authors: Winnicott Donald W. , Storr Anthony
Published: March 2017

Winnicott’s review of Anthony Storr’s book, Human Aggression, stating that it reminds the reader of many important ideas around aggression but does not fulfil its description of synthesising ethology and psychoanalysis.
Sleep Refusal in Children
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In a publication for a medical journal, Winnicott discusses sleep disturbances in children, in particular the child who keeps awake for unconscious reasons and who develops this pattern in relation to his family and its emotional dynamics. The aspects of the child’s psyche that give rise to sleep disturbances are elaborated.
Breast-feeding as Communication
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

Winnicott discusses the importance of laying the foundations of good mental and physical health by the process of breast-feeding and indicates the complexities of the process between mother and child that lead to this satisfactory outcome. That babies can enjoy attack and can also see that the mother’s breast survives the baby’s instinctual urges, Winnicott considers important for a healthy attachment to, and enjoyment of, a rich future reality for the infant and all this offers.
Further Clinical Illustration of ‘The Use of an Object’
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In a further clinical example in relation to the ‘Use of an Object’ paper, Winnicott describes and discusses his theme with reference to another patient whom he sees as exploiting a false self and living a life which is futile, deadly and potentially suicidal. He proposes that the patient needs to engage emotionally with her own destructiveness in relation to her objects (the analyst) and for him (the analyst) to survive and understand her attacks on him.
Letter to Joyce Coles
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

Winnicott writes from Lenox Hill Hospital in New York to his long-standing secretary Joyce Coles, of his progress of recovery from a serious heart condition and makes preparations with her for his possible death.
Letter to Joyce Coles
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

A letter from Winnicott to his long-standing secretary Joyce Coles, relaying his state of mind while in hospital in New York recovering from a serious heart condition. He describes his anxieties and his dependence on his doctors’ and nurses’ care with some humour
Letter to Karl and Sheila Britton
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

Winnicott’s letter to his brother-in-law and his wife, Karl and Sheila Britton, from hospital in New York.
The Squiggle Game
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this amalgamation of two papers in the same area of the Squiggle Game (the process by which Winnicott engages with a child in a consultation through random drawings done by each), Winnicott argues that the specialist does not need to be clever but be able to provide a natural and dynamic human relationship in a professional setting while the patient gradually surprises himself by the production of ideas and feelings that have not been previously integrated into the total personality.
Introduction to Volume 8
Authors: Horne Ann
Published: March 2017

The Introduction to Volume 8 elicits the key concepts Winnicott was developing in 1967-68, beginning in January 1967 with his talk on his own theories of development at the ‘52 Club, citing those who influenced him and those from whom he acquired ideas. The author proceeds to examine ‘The Use of an Object’, viewed by Claire Winnicott as the culmination of his thinking, a talk given at the NYPSI in November 1968. There is comment on Winnicott’s approach to observation and the scientific method, on culture and playing, and a fuller picture of friends and interests from the 1967 IPA conference. Failures in early development are explored but the main focus is the emergence of the self as real and the recognition of a real object that can be used (from ‘Mirror-role of mother and family’ to ‘The use of an object’) and the parallel between the early mother-infant relationship and the analyst-patient relationship. Thoughts on technique conclude the paper.
Letter to Michael Rosenbluth
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this letter to Michael Rosenbluth, Winnicott recounts his return from America after his illness.
Letter to an American Correspondent
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

Letter to an American reader who had asked Winnicott for help.
Letter to Anna Freud
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

Letter to Anna Freud on Winnicott’s return from America.
Contribution to a Symposium on Envy and Jealousy
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this paper, Winnicott states his differences from the views of Melanie Klein on the development of envy in the infant in a symposium organised by the British Psychoanalytic Society.
Letter to Agnes Wilkinson
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

Letter to Agnes Wilkinson referring to the notion of intellectual honesty. Winnicott hates to think that a proof of his lecture to the Newcastle Conference of the Student Health Association, which was not sent him, is going out under his name.
Letter to William W. Sargant
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this letter to William Sargant, Winnicott states that he believes Sargant has let himself down when he talks about psychoanalysis in terms of faith. He goes on to say that analysts who are dogmatic and indoctrinating types, whether Freudian or Jungian, are bad analysts, and while Winnicott has had early loyalties, eventually the loyalty must be to oneself.
Freedom
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this paper, Winnicott discusses the meaning of freedom in light of the concepts of health and creativity. Winnicott explores psychiatric health in respect of freedom and the general development of individuals in a society whose freedom needs to be managed without becoming too restrictive whether in the home or in the wider political sense.
Review: Indications for Child Analysis and Other Papers
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

Winnicott’s review of the fourth volume of a series of seven books which provide an opportunity to look at psycho-analytic theory through the eyes of someone intimately associated with the later Freud and who carried on after his death according to what she has always felt to be his main principles. While long, Winnicott finds that it is not heavy reading because of the way the material is presented.
Letter to Robert Tod
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

Letter to Dr Tod containing a brief autobiographical account of Winnicott’s career.
Letter to Renata Gaddini and Her Family
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

Letter to Dr Gaddini on patients, Eugenio Gaddini’s paper and Khan.
Preface to Dialogue with Sammy
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

Preface to the English edition of Dialogue with Sammy by Serge Lebovici and Joyce McDougall.
The Mother-Infant Experience of Mutuality
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this paper, Winnicott points out that whereas it is generally known that there is almost infinite subtlety in a mother’s management of her baby, it took a long time for psycho-analytic theory to reach to this area of living experience. He makes the comparison between the mother-infant experience and a work of art: resistance to examination of the former is, he argues, analogous to that which occurs when a work of art is being subjected to an analytic process.
Child Psychiatry, Social Work, and Alternative Care
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this short statement, which Winnicott calls a ‘personal rethinking on work with children’, Winnicott not only discusses work with the children themselves, but also with parents, families, guardians of all kinds, schools of various types, social groupings and other environmental facts and factors, and indeed the state of society.
A Personal Statement on Child Psychiatry
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this statement, Winnicott describes how child psychiatry has been not only his specialist activity, but also a second love; the first being physical paediatrics. He gives several reasons for having a somewhat peculiar view of child psychiatry, focussing on the interplay throughout his life between child psychiatry and psychoanalysis. He also describes his sense of guilt, that psychoanalysis helped him to lose, in part, over having escaped the death that eclipsed the careers of so many of his friends in the First World War.
The Place of the Monarchy
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this paper, Winnicott proposes to look at the place of the monarchy in Great Britain but not from the point of view of a specialist. The monarchy, he notes, is something we experience as part of our everyday lives. Winnicott notes the importance of the question ‘has God saved the Queen?’ and how behind it is the saying: ‘The King is dead, long live the King!’ The significance for Winnicott is that it implies that the monarchy survives the death of the reigning monarch.
Residential Care as Therapy
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this talk, given in honour of David Wills, Winnicott discusses the therapeutic role of residential care in place of individual therapy. For some children, the only setting that can deal with them adequately is the residential establishment. Furthermore, many only possess a low quantity of a good-enough ‘internal environment’ that has become incorporated and fitted into a system of a belief in things.
Individuation
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this talk, Winnicott states his dislike for the term ‘individuation’. He deals briefly with the etymology of the word in English and in German. He believes that the goal of this subject is not really a philosophy, but a statement of the way an individual becomes an individual.
Living Creatively
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this paper, Winnicott argues for the importance of a creative life. He defines creativity as ‘the doing that arises out of being’. He also discusses creativity in marriage, dependence and the origins of creativity and the role of the transitional object in the life of the baby.
Basis for Self in Body
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this paper, Winnicott recounts extensive clinical material highlighting the interrelationship between the growing child and his or her body. Winnicott discusses his term ‘personalisation’, which he uses as a kind of positive form of ‘depersonalisation’. ‘Personalisation’, Winnicott states, is intended to draw attention to the fact that the in-dwelling of this other part of the personality in the body demonstrates a firm link between psyche and body, which in developmental terms represents an achievement. He links this to the way a mother introduces and reintroduces the baby’s body to its psyche and vice versa. He pays attention to those cases in which the child has a physical abnormality.
Day Dreaming
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

This article, to which Winnicott may have contributed, explores ideas about daydreaming and its value. He compares the opportunities for daydreaming between restless and quiet children, as well as those who have too much or too little alone time.
Introduction to Playing and Reality
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

Winnicott’s introduction to his book Playing and Reality is a development of his paper ‘Transitional Objects and Transitional Phenomena’, drawing attention to the paradox involved in the use by the infant of the transitional object and its value for every individual who is capable of being enriched by the cultural link with past and future. He is no longer making direct observations, but notes much research in this area done by Renata Gaddini, Joseph Solomon, Olive Stephenson and others.
Dreaming, Fantasying and Living
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this case history, Winnicott discusses primary dissociation and the qualitative differences that exist between varieties of fantasying. He uses extensive dream and session material from a treatment in which the contrast between fantasying and dreaming was central. During the sessions, the patient, a woman of middle age, gradually discovered how much fantasying has disturbed her whole life. Winnicott concludes that there is an essential difference between fantasying and the alternatives of dreaming and real living and relating to real objects.
Notes for the Vienna Congress
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

Winnicott’s preliminary notes for the IPA Congress in Vienna in 1971, including a note on his patient’s suicide in 1953. He briefly describes the progress of his thought from ‘Hate in the Countertransference’ to ‘The Use of an Object’ connected to some clinical examples.
Ideas and Definitions
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this early note of ideas, Winnicott gives early definitions of the false self and the true self, transitional objects and transitional phenomena: ‘Transitional object’ was intended to give significance to the first signs in the developing infant of an acceptance of a symbol. Regression to dependence is different from ‘regression’ as applied ordinarily to instinct positions. Good-enough mother is a description of the dependence that belongs to earliest infancy.
Notes for a Discussion on Technique in Analysis of Psychotics
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

Notes made by Winnicott, possibly for a lecture on technique in the analysis of psychotics.
Knowing and Not Knowing
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

A brief clinical vignette on a patient who had never acknowledged that she has been unconscious of anything. Winnicott relates this to the patient’s mother’s inability to acknowledge that she would deceive a child in certain circumstances. This is connected to the knowing, forgetting and not knowing of patient and analyst.
A Point in Technique
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this clinical discussion, Winnicott asks what and where is the accompanying orgiastic bodily functioning of the fantasy that is represented in transference material. On the other hand, what fantasy material is the patient describing when there is orgiastic bodily functioning in the analytic situation?
Cleopatra Anamnesis Imphiccough
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

A short, playful free-association on words.
Introduction
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this introduction to his book Therapeutic Consultations in Child Psychiatry, Winnicott describes the application of psychoanalysis to child psychiatry, particularly in the first interview, of which the book that follows gives twenty-one examples with many child drawings or ‘squiggles’. He describes his technique for this work, based on a psychoanalytic training; the use of the Squiggle Game for drawing on the unconscious emotional life of the child; his role as the doctor in relationship to the child; and the many different kinds of need and communication processes for each child.
Case IV: ‘Bob’ aet 6 Years
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

This is case IV in part 1 of Winnicott’s book Therapeutic Consultations in Child Psychiatry: the case of ‘Bob’, aet 6 years.
Case VII: ‘Alfred’ aet 10 Years
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

This is case VII in part 1 of Winnicott’s book Therapeutic Consultations in Child Psychiatry: the case of ‘Alfred’ aet 10 years.
Introduction
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this introduction to part 2 of Therapeutic Consultations in Child Psychiatry, Winnicott continues to describe his communication work, but with children who may have more complex issues to resolve and for whom parents, family, school, social situation, and other agencies will have more of a bearing, although they are not children he would describe as having antisocial tendencies.
Case IX: ‘Ashton’ aet 12 Years
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

This is case IX in part 2 of Winnicott’s book Therapeutic Consultations in Child Psychiatry: the case of ‘Ashton’ aet 12 years.
Case X: ‘Albert’ aet 7 Years 9 Months
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

This is case X in part 2 of Winnicott’s book Therapeutic Consultations in Child Psychiatry: the case of ‘Albert’ aet 7 years 9 months.
Introduction
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this introduction to part 3, Winnicott describes his own theory of the antisocial tendency and its relationship to inadequate environmental provision. He indicates that the cases in this section involve stealing or some kind of antisocial activity, minor or major, and requiring management. The expression of profound hopelessness is seen as a feature of the child’s personality.
Case XIII: ‘Ada’ aet 8 Years
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

This is case XIII in part 3 of Winnicott’s book Therapeutic Consultations in Child Psychiatry: the case of ‘Ada’ aet 8 years.
Case XV: ‘Mark’ aet 12 Years
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

This is case XV in part 3 of Winnicott’s book Therapeutic Consultations in Child Psychiatry: the case of ‘Mark’ aet 12 years.
Case XVI: ‘Peter’ aet 13 Years
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

This is case XVI in part 3 of Winnicott’s book Therapeutic Consultations in Child Psychiatry: the case of ‘Peter’ aet 13 years.
Case XVII: ‘Ruth’ aet 8 Years
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

This is case XVII in part 3 of Winnicott’s book Therapeutic Consultations in Child Psychiatry: the case of ‘Ruth’ aet 8 years.
Case XIX: ‘Lily’ aet 5 Years
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

This is case XIX in part 3 of Winnicott’s book Therapeutic Consultations in Child Psychiatry: the case of ‘Lily’ aet 5 years.
Case XX: ‘Jason’ aet 8 Years 9 Months
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

This is case XX in part 3 of Winnicott’s book Therapeutic Consultations in Child Psychiatry: the case of ‘Jason’ aet 8 years 9 months.
Introduction to Volume 11
Authors: Groarke Steven
Published: March 2017

The Introduction to Volume 11 of The Collected Works covers The Piggle (1971) and Human Nature (1988), both of which were unfinished at the time of Winnicott’s death and published posthumously. The author elaborates on the professional and personal background to Winnicott’s thinking, with particular reference to the centrality of medicine (paediatrics, child psychiatry) and the psychosomatic context of his psychoanalytic thought. Winnicott’s ideas about deprivation, defiance, and ‘the moment of hope’ are presented as among his most original achievements. Furthermore, his acknowledged debt to Margaret Little is set against the background of developments in the theory of clinical technique. Finally, the author appraises Human Nature in terms of life as the absolute datum for Winnicott. He proposes that the final part of Human Nature comprises the centre of Winnicott’s achievement, and is coextensive with the range of his deepest sympathies in the late works.
Introduction
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In the Introduction to Human Nature, Winnicott records his attempt to write an overview of his ideas on human growth and development for readers with a postgraduate level of understanding of psychoanalysis. He gives a short biographical account of his professional development and working life and the range of his clinical experience, as well as that of his work in teaching and broadcasting.
Introduction
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

This chapter consists of the introduction to Part II of Human Nature. In the Introduction to Part II, Winnicott states that he will explore early childhood, moving backwards into the human foetal stages, and then forward to latency and adolescence, all from the psychoanalytic (dynamic psychology) perspective. He will consider interpersonal relationships and their complications, the human being’s achievement of the personal unit of self and the capacity to experience concern, and the primitive tasks he considers essential for the human being: integration of self, a psycho-somatic modus vivendi, and the ability for contact with reality through the experience of illusion.

In the chapter itself, Winnicott explores the work of psychoanalysis from Freud onwards and charts his views on the emotional features of infancy (2–5 years). He elaborates on the topic of the family, of the instincts (with reference to the fantasies for the growing child at each developmental stage), and of love relationships, with reference to the Oedipus complex in particular.
Interpersonal Relationships
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

This chapter is the first chapter in Part II of Human Nature, in which Winnicott explores the work of psychoanalysis from Freud onwards and charts his views on the emotional features of infancy (2–5 years). He elaborates on the topic of the family, of the instincts (with reference to the fantasies for the growing child at each developmental stage), and of love relationships, with reference to the Oedipus complex in particular.
The Concept of Health Using Instinct Theory
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this chapter, Winnicott describes the imaginative elaboration of the body and its functioning, which becomes organised by the growing self into fantasy. From this, the psyche is created with access to conscious and unconscious fantasy, leading on to the development of what we term the soul. He describes quiet and excited states for the child, all relating to his or her responses to instinctual activity and eventually to triangular relationships. He discusses Freud and the Oedipus complex; child, father, and mother relations; childhood and infantile sexuality; and reality, fantasy, and the unconscious for the child.
Introduction: Emotional Development Characteristic of Infancy
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

Winnicott introduces Part III by specifying that he will be looking at the child at the stage before the age of genital dominance, particularly the earlier stages of the child-mother couple and the growth of the unit self of the infant and how the infant internally recognises his own ‘Me’ and ‘Not Me’ positions.
The Depressive Position
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In the first chapter of Part III, on the depressive position (as described by Melanie Klein), Winnicott looks at the emotions of concern and guilt and how inner personal psychic reality grows from these. He also demonstrates his ideas using tables, recapitulating his views on the depressive position, and referring to repression, to the management of good and bad forces within the self, and to the accompanying potential for inner richness and complexity within the developing self.