bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anatomical Variations of Origin of Femoral Nerve- A Cross-sectional Observational Study
Authors: Archana BJ , Singh Amar Lakshman , Priyanka K , Pradeep Prabhakar , Asha KR
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Femoral nerve is an important nerve supplying the lower limb. Variations in the origin and course of femoral nerve are frequently encountered. The knowledge of these is of vital importance for orthopaedic surgeons and anaesthetists to prevent iatrogenic injury and debilitating postoperative complications. Aim: To document the variations in origin and course of femoral nerve and its clinical significance. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 specimens by dissecting 25 embalmed adult human cadavers of South Indian population out of which 20 were male and five were female cadavers. The study was conducted by dissection method done in the Department of Anatomy in Sri Siddhartha Medical College, Tumkur and Sri Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, T Begur, Bangalore Rural, Karnataka, India. Results were expressed in terms of frequency and percentages. Results: Out of the 50 specimens, in 47 specimens femoral nerve was found to be originating normally from dorsal divisions of L2, L3, L4 spinal nerves, whereas in three specimens it was found to be originating from dorsal divisions of L1, L2, L3. In two specimens femoral nerve was seen emerging from behind the psoas major muscle. Conclusion: A good knowledge about the embryological basis and variations in the branching pattern of femoral nerve is essential because of its numerous clinical implications, especially in localising neurological lesions of nerves, for their early and accurate diagnosis and thus preventing iatrogenic anaesthetic complications.
Covid-19 Psychological Trauma and its Associated Factors among Nurses in Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Ajao Olayinka , Olarinmoye Abayomi , Eniade Olanrewaju , Ogungbesan Olufemi , Olasunkanmi Yusuff , Gbadebo Olawale , L. Jasper Tongdiyen , Osundina Boluwatife
Published: March 2022

Background: COVID-19’s sudden uprising and proliferation causes fear and psychological distress in the general public. Its pandemic nature is associated with psychological distress and symptoms of mental illness. Hence, it becomes imperative to pay attention to the mental health of nurses who are caring for patients during the outbreak.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study among 161 nurses in southwest Nigeria. An Online questionnaires were sent to nurses through social media applications. In addition to socio-demographic and work-related variables, psychological trauma was measured using Kessler-10 psychological distress scale. Descriptive statistics, Chi square test, and binary logistic regression were used in the analysis. All analysis were done using Stata MP 16.

Results: COVID-19 related psychological trauma was 27.4% among nurses. Majority of the respondents were females (82.6 %), Christians (85.7%), and urban residents (88.2%).About 85.7% of the nurses were Yoruba by tribe. About a half of the nurses (48.4%) had less than 10 years work experience. Muslims (AOR: 4.17, CI: 1.27- 13.76) were 4.17 times more likely to have COVID-19 related psychological trauma compared to Christians. Also, nurses who had no contact with COVID-19 patients (AOR: 0.09, CI: 0.02- 0.49) were less likely to have COVID-19 related psychological trauma.

Conclusion: COVID-19-related psychological trauma was notably high among the nurses, and associated risk factors were religion and contact with COVID-19 patient. Nurses should be given adequate attention in terms of programmes or training that is capable of improving their competence in handling COVID-19 patients and boost their psychological health during the pandemic.
Sociodemographic Correlates of Warfarin Knowledge in Warfarin Patients
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Shahid , Khan Salah-ud-Din
Published: March 2022

Objective: This study aimed to determine sociodemographic correlates of warfarin knowledge in warfarin patients.

Methods: A cross-sectional study using a newly developed and validated research tool was conducted in warfarin patients. Data was collected by convenience sampling method. Descriptive, comparative, and inferential statistics were used by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) ver. 24 to determine the sociodemographic correlates of warfarin knowledge in warfarin patients.

Results: From total 295 participants, the majority of the studied warfarin patients were females than males (n=184, 62.4%, and n=111, 37.6% respectively). In univariate analysis, statistically non-significant differences (p >0.05) were observed in gender, age, marital status and work. In multivariate analysis, significant differences (p <0.05) were observed in education, comorbidities, warfarin usage, and warfarin therapy duration.

Conclusion: These results confirmed that education and warfarin therapy duration were the sociodemographic correlates of warfarin knowledge in the warfarin patients.
Adrenal Pheochromocytoma: A Case Report
Authors: Pande Milind , Vagha Sunita , Goyal Aditi , Kotecha Raunak
Published: March 2022

Pheochromocytoma is a rare catecholamine secreting tumour originating usually from adrenal medulla and produces signs and symptoms due excessive catecholamine secretion from tumour. A young male patient of 36 yrs age presented with hypertension since 2 yrs, palpitation, profuse sweating, weight loss. Clinical suspicion of Pheochromocytoma was confirmed by CT scan and USG abdomen followed by catecholamines levels in plasma and urine. After preoperative preparation laparascopic removal of Pheochromocytoma was done. Postoperative recovery was uneventful and BP regains to normal range from 1st postoperative day. Pheochromocytoma is a rare cause of hypertension. If the diagnosis of Pheochromocytoma is overlooked, the consequences could be disastrous, even fatal; however, if a pheochromocytoma is identified, it is potentially curable, as being one of the cause of surgically correctable hypertension.
SUCCESSFUL HR AUDIT: IS IT DETERMINED BY TOP MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT, HR CONSULTANTS, AND LINE MANAGER INVOLVEMENT
Authors: Kotamena Fredson , Sinaga Poltak , Hidayat Dylmoon , Sudibjo Niko
Published: March 2022

The research aimed to find out how to execute a successful HR audit by looking into the top ma­na­gement's commitment, HR consultants' function in the business, and the line manager's level of participation in the audit. 70% of the total population of employees who were selected using probability random sampling participated through an online questionnaire. The hypothesis was tested using structural equation modeling since a total of 104 respondents supplied favorable responses, but only 101 could be employed to test the hypothesis. The result showed that the absence of HR and line managers did not affect the success of HR audits from the starting point and that the term "audit" had a negative connotation.
SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS: A COMPETITION IN INDONESIA’S FASTEST GROWING FINTECH
Authors: Arifianto Chandra , Veritia Veritia
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to analyze how effective the use of social media was to maximize recognition and sales. On social media, users had tried to reveal in­formation they already knew about financial technology startup businesses. User Generated Content (UGC) information, which was a track record left by users on social media, can be used as a mapping for users who communicate on social media. This study itself had used this phenomenon to measure the performance of companies (through brands) that were popular on social media, namely Gopay and DANA, in an effort to measure a person's awareness and interest. The method used was Social Network Analysis (SNA). This qualitative research aimed to describe the results of a phenomenon that were occurs. The results of this study indicated that DANA had advantages in the community and it was easy for users to communicate because there were few accounts that must be passed in conveying information. Meanwhile, Gopay had the advantage of having a large number of users and being have many relationships between users.
Prospecção Científica e Tecnológica da Utilização do Óleo de Pracaxi
Authors: Oliveira Wander Soares de , Silva Jorge Alexandre Melo da , Rocha Carlos Alberto Machado
Published: March 2022

O uso de plantas para tratamento de enfermidades e como cosméticos é tão antigo quanto a própria existência humana, os princípios ativos existentes na flora amazônica, além dos inerentes benefícios sensoriais, estéticos e dermatológicos, carregam também o conhecimento inestimável e a cultura popular que nenhum similar sintético é capaz de substituir. Dessa forma, este estudo busca identificar a produção de trabalhos científicos e patentes com a utilização do óleo de Pracaxi. Para tanto, foram prospectadas patentes e informações descritas em artigos científicos por meio das plataformas WIPO, LENS e CAPES. Verificou-se que, em bases de dados internacionais de artigos científicos, existe um pequeno número de trabalhos acadêmicos publicados envolvendo o óleo de pracaxi, sendo em sua maioria oriundos de entidades brasileiras de pesquisa, mas há um número expressivo de documentos de patentes, principalmente no que se refere à descrição de eventual ação para a produção de cosméticos, porém, em sua imensa maioria, internacionais, demonstrando que há pouco interesse da pesquisa local envolvendo a obtenção de tecnologias à base do referido óleo, que apresenta princípios ativos importantes para a indústria farmacêutica e de cosméticos já utilizados há séculos pelo conhecimento tradicional.
A Evolução dos Institutos de Ciência e Tecnologia e seus Núcleos de Inovação Tecnológicas no Brasil
Authors: Marchini Edson Lauro , Pereira Marcelo Farid
Published: March 2022

Com a publicação da Lei de Inovação em 2004, reiterada em 2016 pelo Marco Legal da Inovação, as Instituições de Ciência e Tecnologia (ICTs) e os seus Núcleos de Inovação Tecnológicas (NITs) têm sido cada vez mais representativos nos processos e nas demandas das políticas de inovação pelo país, contribuindo, assim, para o crescimento socioeconômico da Ciência e Tecnologia. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo conhecer a evolução das ICTs e de seus NITs, suas naturezas jurídicas, disposições por regiões e recursos econômicos obtidos com contratos de tecnologia no âmbito nacional. Para atingir o proposto, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa e exploratória, na qual foram extraídos dados de relatórios Formict. Os resultados apresentam uma visão geral das instituições e destacam uma participação tímida das instituições na exploração dos recursos com contratos de tecnologia. Conclui-se que as Instituições necessitam ampliar suas atuações com a exploração dos recursos disponíveis na proteção intelectual.
Mapeamento de Informações Tecnológicas em Documentos de Patente: uso da borra de café na produção de biocombustíveis
Authors: Da Silva Michelle Cristina , Medeiros Cassandra Carneiro de , Santos Douglas Alves , Pelaez Victor , Alves Fernanda Salvador , Filho Renato Milhomem de Oliveira
Published: March 2022

O estudo teve por objetivo mapear informações tecnológicas contidas em documentos de patente relacionadas ao aproveitamento da borra de café como matéria-prima na produção de biocombustíveis. A metodologia do trabalho consistiu na busca de documentos de patente no Derwent Innovations Index, Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial (INPI) e LATIPAT-ESPACENET, utilizando palavras-chave e códigos de Classificação Internacional de Patentes (IPC) e Classificação Cooperativa de Patentes (CPC), previamente identificados na revisão bibliográfica e patentária. Os resultados indicaram concentração das tecnologias na classe C10L-005 em estado sólido; revelam a Coreia do Sul, Japão e EUA como mercados em que há maior interesse comercial; sugerem que ainda não há maturidade tecnológica em âmbito industrial; e mostram que o desenvolvimento de biocombustível no Brasil tem sido impulsionado pelas políticas de governo.
O Papel da Prestação de Serviços Técnicos do NIT/UnB: desafios e perspectivas
Authors: Da Silva Figueiredo Matos Eduardo Henrique , Dantas Ferreira Camila Lisdália , Ghesti Grace Ferreira , Conceição Maria Hosana
Published: March 2022

A extensão tecnológica da Universidade de Brasília (UnB) destaca-se pela atuação do Centro de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (CDT). O objetivo principal deste trabalho é apresentar a prestação de serviços do Núcleo de Inovação Tecnológica (NIT) da UnB por meio dos laboratórios da universidade via Disque Tecnologia. A metodologia usada foi a análise qualitativa expressa nas fontes primárias, nos registros oficiais e documentos do CDT; em artigos científicos voltados para os estudos de extensão tecnológica e consulta a leis e decretos sobre o tema. A pesquisa quantitativa foi realizada por meio do levantamento dos números de atendimentos e arrecadação do Disque Tecnologia descritos nos relatórios do NIT. A maior quantidade de prestação de serviços foi na geologia pelo Observatório Sismológico, que arrecadou um volume alto de recursos em virtude dos serviços prestados para as empresas da área.
The archaeal division protein CdvB1 assembles into polymers that are depolymerized by CdvC
Authors: Blanch Jover Alberto , De Franceschi Nicola , Fenel Daphna , Weissenhorn Winfried , Dekker Cees
Published: March 2022

The Cdv proteins constitute the cell division system of the Crenarchaea, a machinery closely related to the ESCRT system of eukaryotes. Using a combination of TEM imaging and biochemical assays, we here present an in vitro study of Metallosphaera sedula CdvB1, the Cdv protein that is believed to play a major role in the constricting ring that drives cell division in the Crenarchaea. We show that CdvB1 self‐assembles into filaments that are depolymerized by the Vps4‐homolog ATPase CdvC. Furthermore, we find that CdvB1 binds to negatively charged lipid membranes and can be detached from the membrane by the action of CdvC. Our findings provide novel insight into one of the main components of the archaeal cell division machinery.
Precision medicine‐based therapies in advanced colorectal cancer: The University of California San Diego Molecular Tumor Board experience
Authors: Louie Bryan H. , Kato Shumei , Kim Ki Hwan , Lim Hyo Jeong , Lee Suzanna , Okamura Ryosuke , Fanta Paul T. , Kurzrock Razelle
Published: March 2022

Treatment for advanced colorectal cancer is often limited by complex molecular profiles, which promote resistance to systemic agents and targeted monotherapies. Recent studies suggest that a personalized, combinatorial approach of matching drugs to tumor alterations may be more effective. We implemented a precision medicine strategy by forming a Molecular Tumor Board (MTB), a multidisciplinary team of clinicians, scientists, bioinformaticians and geneticists. The MTB integrated molecular profiling information and patient characteristics to develop N‐of‐One treatments for 51 patients with advanced colorectal cancer. All patients had metastatic disease and 63% had received ≥ 3 prior therapy lines. Overall, 34/51 patients (67%) were matched to ≥ 1 drug recommended by the MTB based on individual tumor characteristics, whereas 17/51 (33%) patients received unmatched therapies. Patients who received matched therapy demonstrated significantly longer progression‐free survival (hazard ratio [HR], 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.21–0.81;P = 0.01) and a trend towards higher clinical benefit rates (41% vs. 18%,P = 0.058) (all multivariate) compared to patients receiving unmatched therapy. The MTB facilitated personalized matching of drugs to tumor characteristics, which was associated with improved progression‐free survival in patients with advanced colorectal cancer.
Chaos, Creativity, Change: The Cybernetic Logic of Late Capitalism
Authors: Culp Andrew
Published: March 2022

Chaos theory is the motive force behind a wider cultural and artistic shift, not predicated by any overarching grand unifying narratives. Professor of Media and History at the California Institute of the Arts in Santa Clarita, Andrew Culp examines the contemporary destabilising condition of chaos and our decades‐long pact with it.
Rude Forms Among Us: Contemporary Construction of Prehistoric Ruins
Authors: Neimark Anna
Published: March 2022

Anna Neimark is a founding partner of First Office, an architectural firm based in Los Angeles. Here she describes a recent exhibition design for Eugène Trutat's photographs, and the installation inspired by them that was created at Sci‐Arc in 2020. The exhibition is both a simple display of Trutat's work and a contemporary take on his influence on what she refers to as ‘Rude Form’.
Chromophobia in the ‘Smart’ City
Authors: Kane Carolyn L
Published: March 2022

What is it with architects and their obsession with white, clean and neat architecture? The world is, after all, colourful and messy. Carolyn L Kane runs us through some of her recent research and analysis on light, colour, contemporary real and virtual urban aesthetics and their joyful animation, while exposing a problematic architectural history that has persisted for over a century.
Images of Former Futures and Reformations
Authors: Tran Dalena
Published: March 2022

Dalena Tran is the creator of the audiovisual work Incomplete, which explores open‐source imaging software and is set to music by Ash Koosha. The work is a polemic about the strange possibilities and alternatives for developing what look like photographic objects that are constructed by the computer, but have a sense of otherworldly form, and questions the nature of racially biased stereotyping in digital observation systems.
Passive Ultra‐Conductive Thermal Metamaterials
Authors: Guo Jun , Xu Guoqiang , Tian Di , Qu Zhiguo , Qiu Cheng‐Wei
Published: March 2022

Ultra‐conductive heat transport showcases significant potentials in popular thermal managements with convection, phase change, and heat source. However, it is captivated impossible for passive thermal manipulation, usually bounded by intrinsic thermal conductivities of natural materials, to outperform these active recipes in need of extra energy payload. Here, a robust recipe to create passive ultra‐conductive thermal metamaterials consisting of nothing but bulk natural materials is reported. Thanks to the local thermal resistance regulation by vertical thermal transport channel, the proof‐of‐concept thermal metamaterials experimentally demonstrate extreme effective conductivity (1915 W m–1 K–1) solely with naturally occurring materials. The purely conductive modulation without any external energy is comparable to active counterparts, and further reveals its robustness and unexpected convenience. The findings construct a high‐efficient paradigm of passive thermal management with ultra‐conductive heat transport, and further hint potentials in other Laplace fields, e.g., DC and magnetostatics.
Deep‐Blue OLEDs with Rec.2020 Blue Gamut Compliance and EQE Over 22% Achieved by Conformation Engineering
Authors: Tan Hong‐Ji , Yang Guo‐Xi , Deng Ying‐Lan , Cao Chen , Tan Ji‐Hua , Zhu Ze‐Lin , Chen Wen‐Cheng , Xiong Yuan , Jian Jing‐Xin , Lee Chun‐Sing , Tong Qing‐Xiao
Published: March 2022

To achieve high‐efficiency deep‐blue electroluminescence satisfying Rec.2020 standard blue gamut, two thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) emitters are developed: 5‐(2,12‐di‐tert‐butyl‐5,9‐dioxa‐13b‐boranaphtho[3,2,1‐de]anthracen‐7‐yl)‐10,10‐diphenyl‐5,10‐dihydrodibenzo[b,e][1,4]azasiline (TDBA‐PAS) and 10‐(2,12‐di‐tert‐butyl‐5,9‐dioxa‐13b‐boranaphtho[3,2,1‐de]anthracen‐7‐yl)‐9,9‐diphenyl‐9,10‐dihydroacridine (TDBA‐DPAC). Inheriting from their parented organoboron multi‐resonance core, both emitters show very promising deep‐blue emissions with relatively narrow full width at half‐maximum (FWHM, ≈50 nm in solution), high photoluminescence quantum yield (up to 92.3%), and short emission lifetime (≤2.49 µs) with fast reverse intersystem crossing (>106 s−1) in doped films. More importantly, replacing the spiro‐centered sp3 C atom (TDBA‐DPAC) with the larger‐radius sp3 Si atom (TDBA‐PAS), enhanced conformational heterogeneities in bulky‐group‐shielded TADF molecules are observed in solution, doped film, and device. Consequently, OLEDs based on TDBA‐PAS retain high maximum external quantum efficiencies ≈20% with suppressed efficiency roll‐off and color index close to Rec.2020 blue gamut over a wide doping range of 10–50 wt%. This study highlights a new strategy to restrain spectral broadening and redshifting and efficiency roll‐off in the design of deep‐blue TADF emitters.
Reproducible Flexible SERS Substrates Inspired by Bionic Micro‐Nano Hierarchical Structures of Rose Petals
Authors: Zhang Chengpeng , Chen Shuai , Wang Jilai , Shi Zhenyu , Du Lutao
Published: March 2022

Surface‐enhancement Raman scattering (SERS) is widely applied in environmental protection, biomedicine, origin traceability, food safety, and other fields as a crucial analysis and detection method. The construction strategy of excellent SERS substrates has always been a research hotspot. In this article, a 3D micro‐lens array/wrinkle structures/silver nanoparticles SERS substrate (MLA/WS/AgNPs 3D‐SERS) is prepared, which is enlightened by rose petals with ordered micro‐nano hierarchical structures. Using Rhodamine 6G to measure SERS performance, the minimum detection limit is 10−10 m and the minimum value of relative standard deviation is 6.12%. Moreover, MLA/WS/AgNPs 3D‐SERS substrate can be stored for ≈20 days under natural conditions with almost no performance loss. Finally, the malachite green (MG) detection in the water of Daming Lake is carried out and the characteristic peaks of MG are accurately detected, proving that the substrate has practical application potential in drug detection, food safety, and water pollution detection. This research gives the biomimetic construction of the SERS substrates, which enriches the construction strategy.
Kill Two Birds with One Stone: A Multifunctional Dual‐Targeting Protein Drug to Overcome Imatinib Resistance in Philadelphia Chromosome‐Positive Leukemia
Authors: Ma Bohan , Feng Hui , Feng Chao , Liu Yi , Zhang Hailing , Wang Jincheng , Wang Wenjuan , He Pengcheng , Niu Fan
Published: March 2022

The Bcr/Abl plays a central role in Philadelphia chromosome‐positive (Ph+) leukemia because of the constitutively activated Abl tyrosine kinase and its downstream pathways. Currently, the clinical treatment of imatinib‐resistant patients with tyrosine kinase inhibitors is severely limited by drug resistance and adverse effects. Herein, a dual‐targeting proteolysis‐targeting chimera (PROTAC) protein drug, termed PMIBcr/Abl‐R6, is designed by engrafting an MDM2/p53 inhibition peptide sequence onto the Bcr/Abl tetramerization domain. PMIBcr/Abl‐R6, harboring a Bcr/Abl targeting sequence and an MDM2 binding sequence, acts as a PROTAC drug in Ph+ leukemia cells. Its dual‐targeting constitution suggests that PMIBcr/Abl‐R6 designs to target the tetramerization domain instead of the Abl kinase domain, therefore has the potential to overcome drug resistance mutations in the kinase domain. The efficient ability of PMIBcr/Abl‐R6 is demonstrated to simultaneously induce Bcr/Abl degradation and activate the p53 pathway. PMIBcr/Abl‐R6 has the potential to overcome drug resistance in Ph+ leukemias by multiple mechanisms.
Ancient DNA analysis reveals temporal and geographical patterns of mitochondrial diversity in pre‐Hispanic populations from Central Argentina
Authors: Nores Rodrigo , Tavella María Pía , Fabra Mariana , Demarchi Darío A.
Published: March 2022

Objectives

The study of the ancient populations of Central Argentina has a crucial importance for our understanding of the evolutionary processes in the Southern Cone of South America, given its geographic position as a crossroads. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the temporal and geographical patterns of genetic variation among the groups that inhabited the current territory of Córdoba Province during the Middle and Late Holocene.

Methods

We analyzed the mitochondrial haplogroups of 74 individuals and 46 Hypervariable Region I (HVR‐I) sequences, both novel and previously reported, from archeological populations of the eastern Plains and western Sierras regions of the province of Córdoba. The HVR‐I sequences were also compared with other ancient groups from Argentina and with present‐day populations from Central Argentina by pairwise distance analysis and identification of shared haplotypes.

Results

Significant differences in haplogroup and haplotype distributions between the two geographical regions were found. Sierras showed genetic affinities with certain ancient populations of Northwestern Argentina, while Plains resembled its neighbors from Santiago del Estero Province and the Pampas region. We did not observe genetic differences among the pre 1200 and post 1200 yBP temporal subsets of individuals defined by the emergence of horticulture, considering both geographical samples jointly.

Conclusions

The observed patterns of geographical heterogeneity could indicate the existence of biologically distinct populations inhabiting the mountainous region and the eastern plains of Córdoba Province in pre‐Hispanic times. Maternal lineages analyses support a scenario of local evolution with great temporal depth in Central Argentina, with continuity until the present.
Malnutrition in Maya children: High prevalence of linear growth deficiency
Authors: May‐Kim Shérlin , Peña‐Espinoza Barbara Itzel , Menjivar Marta
Published: March 2022

Objectives

Mexican children suffer a double burden of malnutrition, which implicates the coexistence of undernourishment‐related growth restriction and overweight/obesity. Malnutrition is often related to food insecurity due to nutrition transition that affects indigenous communities and increases the risk of metabolic alterations. In this work, we describe the nutritional and metabolic status in school‐age Maya children from rural areas.

Materials and methods

We evaluated school‐age children (n = 96; 8–10 years) from Maya communities of Yucatan by measuring anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical variables. Linear growth deficiency was defined as short stature when height‐for‐age was below the z‐score (under −1SD a −2SD).

Results

We observed an overall prevalence of linear growth deficiency of 53% and a prevalence of 39% of overweight/obesity in the studied children. Among the children with growth restriction, 22% presented overweight/obesity, 37% cardiometabolic risk, and 10% had a high percentage of fat mass. Unsurprisingly, 62% of the children with growth restriction had a deficiency of arm muscle area (≤15th percentile) that probably explains the weakness of handgrip strength that we observed. Furthermore, this group of children also presented hypertriglyceridemia (50%), high‐blood pressure (39%), hypoalphalipoproteinemia (24%), hyperglycemia (11%), and hypercholesterolemia (2%).

Discussion

This study showed the coexistence of extreme nutritional conditions in indigenous communities. Also, we demonstrated the latent risk of Maya children with growth deficiency toward chronic degenerative diseases.
An isotope signature for diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis?
Authors: Castells Navarro Laura , Buckberry Jo , Beaumont Julia
Published: March 2022

Objectives

Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) has recurrently been associated with a rich diet (high in protein and higher trophic level foods); however, very few studies have investigated this link using carbon and nitrogen (δ13C and δ15N) stable isotope analysis. This paper explores the relationship between DISH and diet in two Roman urban communities by analyzing individuals with and without DISH.

Materials and methods

δ13C and δ15N analysis carried out on collagen from 33 rib samples (No DISH: 27; early DISH: 4; DISH: 2) selected from individuals buried at the Romano‐British site of Baldock (UK), 41 rib samples (No DISH: 38; early DISH: 3) from individuals from the Catalan Roman site of Santa Caterina (Barcelona, Spain). Additionally, six faunal samples from Baldock and seven from Santa Caterina were analyzed.

Results

Standardized human isotope data from Santa Caterina show high δ15N probably associated to a diet combining terrestrial resources and freshwater fish. In contrast, isotope results from Baldock suggest a terrestrial‐based diet. Individuals with DISH do not show isotopic ratios indicative of rich diet and there is no correlation between stage of DISH development and δ13C and δ15N.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that individuals with DISH followed a similar or isotopically similar diet as those individuals without DISH in Baldock and in Santa Caterina and therefore, while DISH may have been influenced by individual's dietary habits, this is not reflected in their isotopic signature.
Integrative Family Therapy with Transgender, Gender Diverse, and Non‐binary (TGDNB) Young People
Authors: Keeley Seanna
Published: March 2022

Working with transgender, gender diverse, and non‐binary (TGDNB) young people and their families requires a family therapist to hold multiple positions of expert, supporter, cheerleader, coach, and creator of a safe space. Anxiety is often high in family systems following a young person's disclosure of their gender diverse identity. Parents experience a range of emotions while trying to support their child to navigate challenging decisions, heavily influenced by society and untold family rules. The existing literature relating to families of TGDNB young people focuses on parental responses and the impact of an affirming or rejecting position. However, little research has focused on working with families to increase their position of support, which ultimately improves outcomes for TGDNB young people. This case study demonstrates the effectiveness of an integrative family therapy approach to working with TGDNB young people and their families, as a way of navigating this challenging and rewarding area of work.
Relationship between oil binding capacity and physical properties of interesterified soybean oil
Authors: Abigail Marsh Melissa , Martini Silvana
Published: March 2022

The objective of this study was to identify the physical properties of an interesterified soybean oil (EIESOY), containing 45% saturated fatty acids (SFA), that correlates with high oil binding capacity (OBC) and low oil loss (OL). In this study, three EIESOY samples were analyzed; a 100% sample, a 50% sample diluted with 50% soybean oil, and a 20% sample diluted with 80% soybean oil. All samples were crystallized using fast (7.78°C/min) and slow (0.1°C/min) cooling rates as well as with and without high‐intensity ultrasound (HIU, 20 kHz). The 100%, 50%, and 20% samples were crystallized at 38.5, 27.0, and 22.0°C, respectively. HIU was applied at the onset of crystallization and all samples were allowed to crystallize isothermally for 90 min. After 90 min, physical properties such as crystal microstructure, hardness, solid fat content (SFC), elasticity, and melting behavior were evaluated. Physical properties were also measured after storage for 48 h at 22 and 5°C. Results show that OBC was positively correlated with hardness, G′, and SFC after 48 h (r = 0.738, p = 0.006; r = 0.639, p = 0.025; r = 0.695, p = 0.012; respectively), OL was negatively correlated with hardness after 48 h (r = −0.696, p < 0.001), G′ after 90 min and 48 h (r = −0.704, p < 0.001; r = −0.590, p = 0.002), and SFC after 90 min and 48 h (r = −0.722, p < 0.001; r = −0.788, p < 0.001). Neither OBC nor OL were correlated with crystal diameter or the number of crystals.
Fabrication, characterization and properties of silane functionalized graphene oxide/silicone rubber nanocomposites
Authors: Sarath Pampayil Sasikumar , Thomas Sabu , Haponiuk Józef T. , George Soney C.
Published: March 2022

In this work, octadecyl trichlorosilane (ODTS) was used to modify the surface of graphene oxide. Further, varied concentrations of silane‐modified graphene oxide were used to make silicone rubber nanocomposite. The mechanical, thermal, and tribological properties of the composite were studied. The results showed that a small amount of silane‐modified graphene oxide significantly increased the mechanical and tribological performances. Under dry sliding, silane‐modified graphene oxide to the silicone matrix significantly reduced wear and friction properties. Nanocomposites have a lower wear rate than neat silicone rubber; their friction coefficient is almost 36% less than pure silicone rubber: the higher the load and temperature conditions, the more significant the difference in friction and properties. Wear mechanisms were revealed by scanning electron micrographs of the worn surface. The transfer film formation on the counter surface and acceptable wear debris improved the nanocomposites friction and wear resistance characteristics.
Synthesis and Self‐assembly of Benzoperylene Benzimidazoles: Tunable Morphology with Aggregation‐Induced Enhanced Emission
Authors: Srideep Dasari , Sriram Kasilingam , Kotha Srinu , Babu Deepu J. , Singh Saurabh Kumar , Rao Kotagiri Venkata
Published: March 2022

Benzoperylene benzimidazoles (BPBIs) based π‐systems were synthesized and their self‐assembly in both non‐polar and polar solvents investigated. Due to the presence of donor and acceptor functional groups, BPBIs absorb light up to 600 nm and display red fluorescence (575–800 nm). Depending on the solvent and side chain, BPBIs self‐assemble into various nanostructures such as nanoribbons, nanorods, nanofibers and nanoparticles. Notably, these ordered nanostructures are formed by BPBIs in both polar and non‐polar solvents without the aid of hydrogen bonding and amphiphilic interactions due to the presence of a large rigid π‐system. Interestingly, BPBIs follow a weakly cooperative mechanism during the self‐assembly. Moreover, BPBIs show aggregation‐induced enhanced emission (AIEE) in all the self‐assembled nanostructures which is not common for rigid π‐systems.
Highly‐fluorinated Triaminocyclopropenium Ionic Liquids
Authors: Curnow Owen J. , Senthooran Rathiga
Published: March 2022

A series of highly‐fluorinated triaminocyclopropenium salts, with up to six fluorous groups, were prepared and their properties as ionic liquids investigated. Reaction of pentachlorocyclopropane or tetrachlorocyclopropene with bis(2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl)amine, HN(CH2CF3)2, occurs in the presence of a trialkylamine, NR3, to give cations with two fluorinated amino groups, [C3(N(CH2CF3)2)2(NR2)]+ (R=Et, Pr, Bu, Hex), with traces of [C3(N(CH2CF3)2)3]+. Use of appropriate reagent ratios and reaction times and subsequent addition of a dialkylamine, HNR'R”, gives cations with one fluorinated amino group, [C3(N(CH2CF3)2)(NR2)(NR'R”)]+ ((NR2)(NR'R”)=(NBu2)2, (NEt2)(NPr2), (NBu2)(NBuMe)). These cations were isolated as chloride salts and some of these were converted to bistriflamide, dicyanamide and triflate salts to provide ionic liquids. These salts were characterised by thermal (DSC and TGA) measurements and miscibility/solubility properties (determined in a range of solvents). Ionic liquids (ILs) were also characterised by density, viscosity and conductivity measurements where possible. X‐ray diffraction studies of chloride salts showed the formation of fluorous regions and more hydrophilic ionic regions in the solid state.
Optimal design of a novel high‐performance passive non‐traditional inerter‐based dynamic vibration absorber for enhancement vibration absorption
Authors: Baduidana Marcial , Kendo‐Nouja Berline , Kenfack‐Jiotsa Aurelien , Nzengwa Robert
Published: March 2022

This paper proposes a novel high‐performance passive non‐traditional inerter‐based dynamic vibration absorber (NIDVA), tuned by the H∞ optimization using the patternsearch solver in MATLAB with the starting points, the optimum parameters based on the extended fixed points theory (EFPT). Then, the control performance of the proposed NIDVA is compared with the classic DVA and the high‐performance passive non‐traditional inerter‐based dynamic vibration absorber (NIDVA‐C4). Based on the optimum parameters under harmonic force excitation, the relative dynamic performance index (%RDP) of the proposed NIDVA registered improvements of 31%–63% and 54%–72% with respect to the NIDVA‐C4 and classic DVA, respectively, considering the mass ratio range from 1% to 10%. Regarding the suppression bandwidth index (%SB) for the mass ratio of 5%, the NIDVA can enlarge the SB by 50% and 62% with respect to NIDVA‐C4 and classic DVA, respectively. For the white noise excitation, more than 38%–64% and 53%–69% improvement of random vibration reduction can be obtained from NIDVA with respect to NIDVA‐C4 and classic DVA, respectively. Accordingly, results of this study provide some technical information to design more effective vibration control device in engineering practices.
Factors affecting transtemporal window quality in transcranial sonography
Authors: He Lei , Wu Dong‐Fang , Zhang Jing‐Han , Zheng Shuai , Li Yi , He Wen
Published: March 2022

Objective

To assess the influencing factors of transtemporal window quality and identify patients suitable for transcranial sonography (TCS) examination in two‐dimensional imaging.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, TCS was performed in 161 consecutive patients through the temporal bone window (TBW) in the neurology or neurosurgery department. Each patient's sex, age, height, weight, and temporal bone thickness (TBT) were collected. After examination, the patients were divided into two groups: TBW success and TBW failure. The data were statistically compared between the two groups.

Results

Among the studied population, the total TBW success rate was 80.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 74–86). The TBW success rate was 91.4% (95% CI: 85–98) in males and 70.9% (95% CI: 61–81) in females (p = .001). Sex (p = .001), age (p = .002), height (p = .047), and TBT (p < .001) showed significant differences between the TBW success and failure groups. In males, only TBT (p = .001) showed a significant difference; in females, age (p < .001) and TBT (p = .003) showed a significant difference. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of sex, age, and TBT and their combination was 0.686, 0.659, 0.842, and 0.922 (p < .001), respectively. The AUC of the combination of parameters was significantly greater than that of age and sex alone (p = .007; p = .0002) but not greater than that of TBT (p = .090).

Conclusions

The TBW success rate varied with sex, age, height, and TBT. Males, younger patients, taller patients, and patients with a thinner temporal bone tended to be more suitable for the examination by TCS.
What motivates environmental and social sustainability in family firms? A cross‐cultural survey
Authors: Nikolakis William , Olaru Doina , Kallmuenzer Andreas
Published: March 2022

Evidence shows that positive family dynamics can motivate environmental and social strategies (ESS) in family firms. Using a stated choice method, we examine how family conflict, trust and socioemotional wealth (SEW) influence ESS choices and interact with other trade‐offs among family firms in two distinct cultural contexts: Chile and India. In Chile, we found that where there was more conflict, there were less ESS choices selected. However, in Chile, higher trust produced less relational conflict and more ESS preferences, suggesting supportive norms and group cohesion in these firms. Chilean respondents selected ESS choices more generally, which may be influenced by cultural dimensions that support sustainability, like uncertainty avoidance, indulgence and collectivism. Formal written sustainability visions in family firms created positive environmental norms in both countries and in Chile led to higher ESS preferences. Indian respondents with higher SEW were more likely to adopt ESS choices. Younger family firms in both countries were more likely to adopt ESS, suggesting generational dynamics and selectivity theory may be at play. Creating safeguards for maintaining positive emotional dynamics and tools for creating formal sustainability visions are important steps for enabling ESS among family firms.
Is cardiac surgery backup required for left main stenting?
Authors: Khan Asaad A. , Dangas George
Published: March 2022

Key Points

Although CABG is the gold standard treatment for left main disease, PCI is a suitable alternative based on several clinical studies.

The high‐risk features of left main PCI due to technically challenging anatomy as well as unfavorable clinical factors, typically mandates a cardiothoracic surgery backup.

Emerging registry data suggest left main PCI can be safely performed without on‐site surgical backup.
Flower‐like Mesoporous Carbon with Cobalt Sulfide Nanocrystalline as Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Zn‐Air Batteries
Authors: Zhou Haoran , Fan Fei , Yu Hailin , Xu Yuanhao , Yuan Chengyun , Wang Yinghan
Published: March 2022

Transition‐metal sulfides have gained considerable attention for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in rechargeable Zn‐air batteries owing to their natural abundance, chemical stability, and efficient activity. Here, cobalt sulfide nanocrystalline supported on the 3D hierarchically flower‐like porous nanocarbon (mC‐CoSx‐50) electrocatalysts have been synthesized through a combination of metal‐organic complexation and porous silica templates for efficient bifunctional oxygen catalysis. With the high specific surface area, high nitrogen content and heteroatom doping, the as‐synthesized mC‐CoSx‐50 exhibits an excellent bifunctional oxygen catalytic performance. Remarkably, the rechargeable Zn‐air batteries assembled with the cobalt sulfide‐based hierarchically porous electrocatalysts reveal a high peak power density and excellent cycling stability in comparison with Pt/C+RuO2 owing to the synergistic effects between cobalt sulfide nanocrystallines and hierarchically porous carbon. We envision that this work not only offers high‐performance metal sulfide for future clean energy conversion but also provides a facial strategy for constructing hierarchically porous carbon‐supported catalyst.
Hollow Zeolites‐Confined Isolated (ZnOH)+ Enable High Selectivity and Stability for Methanol to Aromatics
Authors: Wang Kai , Ge Huibin , Qin Yong
Published: March 2022

The methanol‐to‐aromatics process has great potential to meet the growing global consumption for aromatics, but the widely used metal modified strong acid zeolites, such as Zn/ZSM‐5, usually suffer from unsatisfactory aromatic selectivity and short time‐on‐stream stability. A new Zn/ZSM‐5 based catalyst with only isolated (ZnOH)+ species and a cavity core was synthesized by using a new inorganic‐organic hybrid aluminosilicates sphere, which was fabricated with the assistance of electrostatic assembly. Isolated (ZnOH)+ species can improve the selectivity to aromatics and minimize the negative influence of diffusion simultaneously. Meanwhile, the core cavity can provide more space to deposit coke. Thus, the prepared HL−Zn(DS)/HZSM‐5 zeolite exhibited the superior aromatics selectivity of 50.63 % with a WHSV of 3.18 h−1 at 390 °C and 0.5 MPa. Moreover, the catalyst can afford an extremely low deactivation constant of 0.0097 mg/h with an enhanced lifetime up to 131 h and strong regeneration ability.
Anthracene‐Walled Acyclic CB[n] Receptors: in vitro and in vivo Binding Properties toward Drugs of Abuse
Authors: DiMaggio Delaney , Brockett Adam T. , Shuster Michael , Murkli Steven , Zhai Canjia , King David , O'Dowd Brona , Cheng Ming , Brady Kimberly , Briken Volker , Roesch Matthew R. , Isaacs Lyle
Published: March 2022

We report studies of the interaction of six acyclic CB[n]‐type receptors toward a panel of drugs of abuse by a combination of isothermal titration calorimetry and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Anthracene walled acyclic CB[n] host (M3) displays highest binding affinity toward methamphetamine (Kd=15 nM) and fentanyl (Kd=4 nM). Host M3 is well tolerated by Hep G2 and HEK 293 cells up to 100 μM according to MTS metabolic and adenylate kinase release assays. An in vivo maximum tolerated dose study with Swiss Webster mice showed no adverse effects at the highest dose studied (44.7 mg kg−1). Host M3 is not mutagenic based on the Ames fluctuation test and does not inhibit the hERG ion channel. In vivo efficacy studies showed that pretreatment of mice with M3 significantly reduces the hyperlocomotion after treatment with methamphetamine, but M3 does not function similarly when administered 30 seconds after methamphetamine.
Global, regional, and national cancer deaths and disability‐adjusted life‐years (DALYs) attributable to alcohol consumption in 204 countries and territories, 1990‐2019
Authors: Safiri Saeid , Nejadghaderi Seyed Aria , Karamzad Nahid , Carson‐Chahhoud Kristin , Bragazzi Nicola Luigi , Sullman Mark J. M. , Almasi‐Hashiani Amir , Mansournia Mohammad Ali , Collins Gary S. , Kaufman Jay S. , Kolahi Ali‐Asghar
Published: March 2022

Background

Alcohol consumption is a risk factor for a number of communicable and non‐communicable diseases, including several types of cancer. This article reports the burden of cancers attributable to alcohol consumption by age, sex, location, sociodemographic index (SDI), and cancer type from 1990 to 2019.

Methods

The Comparative Risk Assessment approach was used in the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study to report the burden of cancers attributable to alcohol consumption between 1990 and 2019.

Results

In 2019, there were globally an estimated 494.7 thousand cancer deaths (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 439.7 to 554.1) and 13.0 million cancer disability‐adjusted life‐years (DALYs; 95% UI, 11.6 to 14.5) that were attributable to alcohol consumption. The alcohol‐attributable DALYs were much higher in men (10.5 million; 95% UI, 9.2 to 11.8) than women (2.5 million; 95% UI, 2.2 to 2.9). The global age‐standardized death and DALY rates of cancers attributable to alcohol decreased by 14.7% (95% UI, 6.4% to 23%) and 18.1% (95% UI, 9.2% to 26.5%), respectively, over the study period. Central Europe had the highest age‐standardized death rates that were attributable to alcohol consumption(10.3; 95% UI, 8.7 to12.0). Moreover, there was an overall positive association between SDI and the regional age‐standardized DALY rate for alcohol‐attributable cancers.

Conclusions

Despite decreases in age‐standardized deaths and DALYs, substantial numbers of cancer deaths and DALYs are still attributable to alcohol consumption. Because there is a higher burden in males, the elderly, and developed regions (based on SDI), these groups and regions should be prioritized in any prevention programs.