bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Commentary on the New Charity Undertakings Law
Authors: Backer Larry Catá
Published: December 2017

China’s new Charity Law represents the culmination of over a decade of planning for the appropriate development of the productive forces of the charity sector in aid of socialist modernization. Together with the related ForeignngoManagement Law, it represents an important advance in the organization of the civil society sector within emerging structures of Socialist Rule of Law principles. While both Charity and ForeignngoManagement Laws could profitably be considered as parts of a whole, each merits discussion for its own unique contribution to national development. Moreover, while analysis tends to focus on legal conformity of the Charity Law to the state constitution, little work has been done to analyze the relationship of the Charity Law to the political constitution of China. This essay seeks to fill that gap by considering the role of the Charity Law through the lens of the Constitution of the Communist Party of China. More specifically, the essay examines the extent to which the provisions of the Charity Law, and its underlying policies, contribute to the implementation and realization of the Chinese Communist Party (ccp) Basic Line and in the context of the overall political policy of “socialist modernization which has served as the core of the political line of theccpsince the last decades of the 20th century. The essay is organized as follows: Sectioniiconsiders the specific provisions of the Charity Law, with some reference to changes between the first draft and the final version of the Charity Law. Sectioniiithen considers some of the more theoretical considerations that suggest a framework for understanding the great contribution of the Charity Law as well as the challenges that remain for the development of the productive forces of the civil society sector at this historical stage of China’s development.
Effects of the Low-Level Wind Profile on Outflow Position and Near-Surface Vertical Vorticity in Simulated Supercell Thunderstorms
Authors: Guarriello Felicia , Nowotarski Christopher J. , Epifanio Craig C.
Published: December 2017

Supercell thunderstorms are simulated using an idealized numerical model to analyze the effects of modifications to the environmental low-level wind profile on near-surface rotation. Specifically, the orientation, magnitude, and depth of the low-level vertical wind shear are modified in several suites of experiments and compared to control simulations with no vertical wind shear in the prescribed layer.

The overall morphology of the simulated supercells is highly sensitive to even shallow changes in the low-level wind profile. Moreover, maximum near-surface vertical vorticity varies as the low-level wind profile is modified. The results suggest this is principally a consequence of the degree to which favorable dynamic forcing of negatively buoyant outflow is superimposed upon the near-surface circulation maximum. Simulations with easterly shear and weaker storm-relative winds over the depth of the gust front promote forward-surging outflow and smaller separation between the near-surface circulation maximum and the mesocyclone aloft compared with other hodograph shapes. This promotes near-surface vertical vorticity intensification in these simulations. Similar trends in near-surface vertical vorticity as a function of low-level shear orientation are observed for varying shear-layer depths and bulk-shear magnitudes over the shear layer. The degree to which specific hodograph shapes promote strong near-surface rotation may vary with different deep-layer wind profiles or thermodynamic environments from those simulated here; however, this study concludes that favorable positioning of the near-surface circulation maximum and mesocyclone aloft are a necessary condition for supercell tornadogenesis and this positioning may be modulated by the low-level wind profile.
Large-Scale Predictors for Extreme Hourly Precipitation Events in Convection-Permitting Climate Simulations
Authors: Chan Steven C. , Kendon Elizabeth J. , Roberts Nigel , Blenkinsop Stephen , Fowler Hayley J.
Published: December 2017

Midlatitude extreme precipitation events are caused by well-understood meteorological drivers, such as vertical instability and low pressure systems. In principle, dynamical weather and climate models behave in the same way, although perhaps with the sensitivities to the drivers varying between models. Unlike parameterized convection models (PCMs), convection-permitting models (CPMs) are able to realistically capture subdaily extreme precipitation. CPMs are computationally expensive; being able to diagnose the occurrence of subdaily extreme precipitation from large-scale drivers, with sufficient skill, would allow effective targeting of CPM downscaling simulations. Here the regression relationships are quantified between the occurrence of extreme hourly precipitation events and vertical stability and circulation predictors in southern United Kingdom 1.5-km CPM and 12-km PCM present- and future-climate simulations. Overall, the large-scale predictors demonstrate skill in predicting the occurrence of extreme hourly events in both the 1.5- and 12-km simulations. For the present-climate simulations, extreme occurrences in the 12-km model are less sensitive to vertical stability than in the 1.5-km model, consistent with understanding the limitations of cumulus parameterization. In the future-climate simulations, the regression relationship is more similar between the two models, which may be understood from changes to the large-scale circulation patterns and land surface climate. Overall, regression analysis offers a promising avenue for targeting CPM simulations. The authors also outline which events would be missed by adopting such a targeted approach.
Regulation of cortical stability by RhoGEF3 in mitotic sensory organ precursor cells inDrosophila
Authors: Couturier Lydie , Mazouni Khalil , Bernard Fred , Besson Charlotte , Reynaud Elodie , Schweisguth François
Published: December 2017

In epithelia, mitotic cells round up and push against their neighbors to divide. Mitotic rounding results from increased assembly of F-actin and cortical recruitment of Myosin II, leading to increased cortical stability. Whether this process is developmentally regulated is not well known. Here, we examined the regulation of cortical stability in Sensory Organ precursor cells (SOPs) in the Drosophila pupal notum. SOPs differed in apical shape and actomyosin dynamics from their epidermal neighbors prior to division and appeared to have a more rigid cortex at mitosis. We identified RhoGEF3 as an actin regulator expressed at higher levels in SOPs and showed that RhoGEF3 had in vitro GTPase Exchange Factor (GEF) activity for Cdc42. Additionally, RhoGEF3 genetically interacted with both Cdc42 and Rac1 when over-expressed in the fly eye. Using a null RhoGEF3 mutation generated by CRISPR-mediated homologous recombination, we showed using live imaging that the RhoGEF3 gene, despite being dispensable for normal development, contributed to cortical stability in dividing SOPs. We therefore suggest that cortical stability is developmentally regulated in dividing SOPs of the fly notum.
Frizzled-7 is required for Xenopus heart development
Authors: Abu-Elmagd Muhammad , Mulvaney Joanna , Wheeler Grant N.
Published: December 2017

Wnt signalling regulates cardiogenesis during specification of heart tissue and the morphogenetic movements necessary to form the linear heart. Wnt11 mediated non-canonical signalling promotes early cardiac development whilst Wnt11-R, which is expressed later, also signals through the non-canonical pathway to promote heart development. It is unclear which Frizzleds mediate these interactions. Frizzled-7 (fzd7) is expressed during gastrulation in the mesodermal cells fated to become heart and then in the primary heart field. This expression is complementary to the expression of wnt11 and wnt11-R. We further show co-localisation of fzd7 with other early and late heart-specific markers using double in situ hybridisation. We have used loss of function analysis to determine the role of fzd7 during heart development. Morpholino antisense oligonucleotide-mediated knockdown of Fzd7 results in effects on heart development, similar to that caused by Wnt11 loss of function. Surprisingly, overexpression of dominant-negative Fzd7 cysteine rich domain (Fzd7 CRD) results in a cardia bifida phenotype, similar to the loss of wnt11-R phenotype. Overexpression of Fzd7 and activation of non-canonical wnt signalling can rescue the effect of Fzd7 CRD. We propose that Fzd7 has an important role during Xenopus heart development.
JAK signaling regulates germline cyst breakdown and primordial follicle formation in mice
Authors: Huang Kun , Wang Ye , Zhang Tuo , He Meina , Sun Guanghong , Wen Jia , Yan Hao , Cai Han , Yong Changfu , Xia Guoliang , Wang Chao
Published: December 2017

In female mammals, primordial follicles consist of two types of cells, namely, oocytes and pregranulosa cells that surround the oocytes. The size of the primordial follicle pool determines the reproductive ability of female mammals. However, the underlying mechanisms controlling primordial follicle assembly remain unclear. In this study, we show that oocyte-derived Janus kinase (JAK) signaling is vital for germline cyst breakdown and primordial follicle formation in vitro. JAK2 and JAK3 activity is increased while germline cysts are breaking down. Inhibition of either JAK2 or JAK3 prevents germline cyst breakdown and primordial follicle formation. We further show that specific suppression of JAK2 delays germ cell loss through the downregulation of p53, but has no influence on pregranulosa cell proliferation. Alternatively, specific inhibition of JAK3 decreases pregranulosa cell proliferation by downregulating Notch2 signaling, implying that JAK3 acts on pregranulosa cells by controlling the extracellular secretion of oocyte-derived factors. In summary, our results indicate that JAK signaling contributes to germline cyst breakdown and primordial follicle formation by regulating oocyte loss and pregranulosa cell proliferation in the fetal mouse ovary. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of mammalian folliculogenesis.
Targeting and translocation of proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum at a glance
Authors: Aviram Naama , Schuldiner Maya
Published: December 2017

The evolutionary emergence of organelles was a defining process in diversifying biochemical reactions within the cell and enabling multicellularity. However, compartmentalization also imposed a great challenge−the need to import proteins synthesized in the cytosol into their respective sites of function. For example, one-third of all genes encode for proteins that must be targeted and translocated into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which serves as the entry site to the majority of endomembrane compartments. Decades of research have set down the fundamental principles of how proteins get from the cytosol into the ER, and recent studies have brought forward new pathways and additional regulators enabling better definition of the rules governing substrate recognition. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we give an overview of our current understanding of the multifaceted and regulated processes of protein targeting and translocation to the ER.
Functional analyses of the CIF1–CIF2 complex in trypanosomes identify the structural motifs required for cytokinesis
Authors: Hu Huiqing , Majneri Paul , Li Dielan , Kurasawa Yasuhiro , An Tai , Dong Gang , Li Ziyin
Published: December 2017

Cytokinesis in trypanosomes occurs uni-directionally along the longitudinal axis from the cell anterior towards the cell posterior and requires a trypanosome-specific CIF1–CIF2 protein complex. However, little is known about the contribution of the structural motifs in CIF1 and CIF2 to complex assembly and cytokinesis. Here, we demonstrate that the two zinc-finger motifs but not the coiled-coil motif in CIF1 are required for interaction with the EF-hand motifs in CIF2. We further show that localization of CIF1 depends on the coiled-coil motif and the first zinc-finger motif and that localization of CIF2 depends on the EF-hand motifs. Deletion of the coiled-coil motif and mutation of either zinc-finger motif in CIF1 disrupts cytokinesis. Furthermore, mutation of either zinc-finger motif in CIF1 mislocalizes CIF2 to the cytosol and destabilizes CIF2, whereas deletion of the coiled-coil motif in CIF1 spreads CIF2 over to the new flagellum attachment zone and stabilizes CIF2. Together, these results uncover the requirement of the coiled-coil and zinc-finger motifs for CIF1 function in cytokinesis and for CIF2 localization and stability, providing structural insights into the functional interplay between the two cytokinesis regulators.
Percutaneous cryoablation of breast tumours in patients with stable metastatic breast cancer: safety, feasibility and efficacy
Authors: Beji Hédi , Pilleul Frank , Picard Raphaelle , Tredan Olivier , Bouhamama Amine , Peix Marie , Mavrovi Erti , Mastier Charles
Published: December 2017

Purpose:

To evaluate safety, feasibility and efficacy of percutaneous cryoablation of breast tumours in patients with clinically stable metastatic breast cancer, and to compare the findings with reports on alternative procedures, namely surgery and local radiotherapy.

Methods:

17 female patients (average age of 54.8 years ± 10.8; range 37–72) with primary breast tumour not surgically treated because of metastatic disease were included. Patients were treated for their primary lesion by percutaneous cryotherapy in period of stable disease. This minimally intervention was performed using ultrasound or CT scan guidance. All patients had clinical and breast-MRI evaluation before and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the procedure.

Results:

All procedures were performed under local anaesthesia and technically successful. The mean largest diameter of the primary lesions was 16 ± 12 mm (size range 5–45 mm). In 15 patients, we obtained a complete regression of the primary breast lesion without recurrence during the follow-up period. Two patients with lesions measured at 40 and 45 mm had recurrence in follow up period. A second session of cryotherapy was performed for these 2 patients, not included in this study. Five patients had painful masses before cryotherapy. All were immediately relieved after the intervention and durably during all follow-up.

Conclusion:

These results show that the cryoablation of primary breast lesions seems to be well suited to the palliative care of metastatic patients, particularly because of its good tolerance, low complication rate and ability to provide local or analgesic control.

Advances in knowledge:

Therapies are limited for these symptomatic patients at metastatic state of primary breast tumour. This study shows that cryoablation in palliative care is achievable in common practice, is effective in local control of the tumour and can provide immediate and long-term analgesic control.
Evidence-based management of incidental focal uptake of fluorodeoxyglucose on PET-CT
Authors: Pencharz Deborah , Nathan Malavika , Wagner Thomas L
Published: December 2017

Focal incidental uptake, with or without CT abnormalities, is a common finding on fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT and evidence-based management for this type of uptake is lacking. This article reviews the evidence on focal incidental uptake including the incidence of malignancy, differential diagnosis and imaging criteria which can be used to further characterize it. The article focusses on PET rather than CT criteria. The strength of the evidence base is highly variable ranging from systematic reviews and meta-analyses to a virtual absence of evidence. Caution needs to be used when using standardized uptake values (SUVs) reported in other studies due to interpatient and institution observed variation in SUVs. There is sufficient evidence to permit specific suggestions on how to interpret the foci and recommend further management in the: pituitary (investigate when SUVmax >4.1), thyroid (investigate all), breast (investigate all), lung parenchyma (if focus of fluorodeoxyglucose without a CT nodule, no further investigations), colon (investigate all foci with SUVmax >5.9, urgently if SUVmax >11.4), adrenals (criteria depend on if patient has cancer) and prostate gland (investigate in males aged >50 years or >40 years if peripheral uptake or patient has other risk factors). There is some evidence to guide further management for the parotid gland, naso-orophaynx, oesophagus, pancreas, uterus and ovaries. There is insufficient evidence to guide management for the liver, spleen, kidneys, gallbladder, testis and bone, for these organs patient characteristics and other guidelines will likely be of more use in determining further management.
Moms, babies, and bugs in immune development
Authors: Alexander Katie , Elson Charles O.
Published: December 2017

Bacteria and mammals have co-evolved with one another over millennia, and it has become impossible to interpret mucosal immunity without taking the microbiota into consideration. In fact, the primary role of the mucosal immune system is regulating homeostasis and the host relationship with the microbiota. Bacteria are no longer seen as simply invading pathogens, but rather a necessary component to one’s own immune response. On the one hand, the microbiota is a vital educator of immune cells and initiator of beneficial responses; but, on the other, dysbiosis of microbiota constituents are associated with inflammation and autoimmune disorders. In this review, we will consider recent advances in the understanding of how the microbiota influences host mucosal immunity, particularly the initial development of the immune response and its implications.
Functional Literacy of Younger Schoolchild: Problem Statement
Authors: Виноградова Наталья , Vinogradova Natalya
Published: December 2017

The article considers approaches to the formation of functional literacy of younger schoolchildren as a planned result of learning. The idea of the necessity of singling out the two components of the concept “functional literacy” is revealed: integrative and objective components of its filling. The integrative components of the concept are characterized.
Patriotic Education of Younger Schoolchildren in the Context of the Historical Literary Museum
Authors: Рыжова Н. , Ryzhova N. , Нуттунен Е. , Nuttunen E.
Published: December 2017

The authors proposed a didactic model of the formation of civil and patriotic qualities of an individual by a junior schoolchild on the basis of materials of a historical-literary (local history) museum. The possibilities of using museum means and multimedia technologies for acquiring knowledge on the history of our country, our native land, our families, which allow schoolchildren to develop own historical consciousness, to join the traditions and culture of Russia, to educate in the spirit of respect and love for their Motherland are considered.
Mental health provision: Time for a whole-system approach
Authors: Peate Ian
Published: December 2017

Current mental health provision is not meeting the needs of children and young people. Ian Peate explains why a whole-system approach and extending mental health first aid training to all sectors is essential.
LUKÁCS, POLÍTICA E TRABALHO ASSOCIADO
Authors: Rossi Rafael
Published: December 2017

O presente ensaio serve de instrumento através do qual abordamos os fundamentos ontológicos da práxis política e da categoria do trabalho tendo, primordialmente, as contribuições do filósofo húngaro Gyorgy Lukács em sua obra Para uma Ontologia do Ser Social. Entendemos que defender a práxis política como uma atividade humana ontológica ao ser social não quer dizer necessariamente uma adesão a posicionamentos de ordem reformistas com relação à presente ordem societária regida pelo sistema do capital. O desafio está em investigar as articulações da política, sendo uma práxis ideológica, junto ao trabalho associado – como abordado por Marx – entendido como a categoria fundante de uma forma de sociabilidade superior àquela regida pelo capital. Para isso é imprescindível a compreensão tanto do trabalho quanto da política numa abordagem ontológica histórica e social.
Agentenbasierte Modellierung und Simulation
Authors: Weyer Johannes , Roos Michael
Published: December 2017

Der Beitrag führt in die Thematik ein und gibt einen Überblick über die theoretischen und methodischen Grundlagen der agentenbasierten Modellierung und Simulation (ABMS). Er stellt die Potenziale der neuen Methode dar und begründet, warum TA und ABMS von einer engeren Zusammenarbeit profitieren. Schließlich wirft er einen Blick auf die Beschränkungen der ABMS sowie auf aktuelle Herausforderungen.
Insidergeschäfte und Ad-hoc-Publizität bei M&A
Authors: Hopt Klaus J. , Kumpan Christoph
Published: December 2017

Der richtige Umgang mit Insiderinformationen spielt bei M&A-Transaktionen eine wichtige Rolle. Dementsprechend ist den Regelungen zu Insidergeschäften, zur Offenlegung von Insiderinformationen und zur Ad-hoc-Publizität in der M&A-Praxis besondere Aufmerksamkeit zu widmen. Hierzu hat die Marktmissbrauchsverordnung von 2014 eine Reihe von Neuerungen gebracht. Dies wird im vorliegenden Beitrag zum Anlass genommen zu untersuchen, welche insiderrechtlichen Anforderungen die neuen Insidervorschriften im Zusammenhang mit Übernahmen, Verschmelzungen, Unternehmenskäufen, Paketerwerben und generell M&A-Transaktionen stellen. Dies erfolgt mit Blick auf die einzelnen Transaktionsschritte und getrennt nach Übernahmen und sonstigen M&A-Transaktionen wie Unternehmenskäufen, Verschmelzungen etc.
Aβ mediates F-actin disassembly in dendritic spines leading to cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Kommaddi Reddy Peera , Das Debajyoti , Karunakaran Smitha , Nanguneri Siddharth , Bapat Deepti , Ray Ajit , Shaw Eisha , Bennett David A. , Nair Deepak , Ravindranath Vijayalakshmi
Published: December 2017

Dendritic spine loss is recognized as an early feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Dendritic spine structure is defined by filamentous actin (F-actin) and we observed depolymerization of synaptosomal F-actin accompanied by increased globular-actin (G-actin) at as early as 1 month of age in a mouse model of AD (APPswe/PS1ΔE9, male mice). This led to recall deficit after contextual fear conditioning (cFC) at 2 months of age in APPswe/PS1ΔE9 male mice, which could be reversed by the actin-polymerizing agent jasplakinolide. Further, the F-actin-depolymerizing agent latrunculin induced recall deficit after cFC in WT mice, indicating the importance of maintaining F-/G-actin equilibrium for optimal behavioral response. Using direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM), we show that F-actin depolymerization in spines leads to a breakdown of the nano-organization of outwardly radiating F-actin rods in cortical neurons from APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice. Our results demonstrate that synaptic dysfunction seen as F-actin disassembly occurs very early, before onset of pathological hallmarks in AD mice, and contributes to behavioral dysfunction, indicating that depolymerization of F-actin is causal and not consequent to decreased spine density. Further, we observed decreased synaptosomal F-actin levels in postmortem brain from mild cognitive impairment and AD patients compared with subjects with normal cognition. F-actin decrease correlated inversely with increasing AD pathology (Braak score, Aβ load, and tangle density) and directly with performance in episodic and working memory tasks, suggesting its role in human disease pathogenesis and progression.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSynaptic dysfunction underlies cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The cytoskeletal protein actin plays a critical role in maintaining structure and function of synapses. Using cultured neurons and an AD mouse model, we show for the first time that filamentous actin (F-actin) is lost selectively from synapses early in the disease process, long before the onset of classical AD pathology. We also demonstrate that loss of synaptic F-actin contributes directly to memory deficits. Loss of synaptosomal F-actin in human postmortem tissue correlates directly with decreased performance in memory test and inversely with AD pathology. Our data highlight that synaptic cytoarchitectural changes occur early in AD and they may be targeted for the development of therapeutics.
Differential Regulation of Zfp30 Expression in Murine Airway Epithelia Through Altered Binding of ZFP148 to rs51434084
Authors: Laudermilk Lucas T , Thomas Joseph M , Kelada Samir N
Published: December 2017

Neutrophil chemotaxis to the airways is a key aspect of host response to microbes and a feature of multiple pulmonary diseases including asthma. Tight regulation of this recruitment is critical to prevent unwanted host tissue damage and inflammation. Using a mouse (Mus musculus) model of asthma applied to the Collaborative Cross population, we previously identified a lung gene expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) for Zinc finger protein 30 (Zfp30) that was also a QTL for neutrophil recruitment and the hallmark neutrophil chemokine CXCL1. The Zfp30 eQTL is defined by three functionally distinct haplotypes. In this study, we searched for causal genetic variants that underlie the Zfp30 eQTL to gain a better understanding of this candidate repressor’s regulation. First, we identified a putative regulatory region spanning 500 bp upstream of Zfp30, which contains 10 SNPs that form five haplotypes. In reporter gene assays in vitro, these haplotypes recapitulated the three previously identified in vivo expression patterns. Second, using site-directed mutagenesis followed by reporter gene assays, we identified a single variant, rs51434084, which explained the majority of variation in expression between two out of three haplotype groups. Finally, using a combination of in silico predictions and electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we identified ZFP148 as a transcription factor that differentially binds to the Zfp30 promoter region harboring rs51434084. In conclusion, we provide evidence in support of rs51434084 being a causal variant for the Zfp30 eQTL, and have identified a mechanism by which this variant alters Zfp30 expression, namely differential binding of ZFP148.
Mass Transfer of Oxygen and Power Consumption with Highly Viscous Liquid in Gas-Liquid Agitated Vessel
Authors: Haruki Furukawa  , Kento Matsumoto  , Yoshihito Kato  , Masataka Kamiya  , Masahiro Haitsuka  , Noboru Kamei
Published: December 2017

The gas-liquid mass transfer volumetric coefficient (KLa) and power consumption under aeration are important parameters for designing gas-liquid agitated vessel. In this work, KLawas calculated by measuring the dissolved oxygen concentration and the mixing power consumption was calculated by measuringshaft torque in the aerated mixing vessel equipped with several types of large paddle impeller. It was found that the aerated mixing power consumption with the large paddle impellers did not decrease largely, because the large cavity was not formed behind the impeller blade. Then, KLa of large paddle impellers used was correlated with a modified equation of Sato et al. The intercept of Sato’s equation was correlated with the viscosity of CMC aqueous solution. KLaof large paddle impellers is estimated by using the modified Sato’s equation over a wide range of viscosity.
At the Atrioventricular Crossroads: Dual Pathway Electrophysiology in the Atrioventricular Node and its underlying Heterogeneities
Authors: George Sharon A ,   Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA, Faye N Rokhaya ,   Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA, Murillo-Berlioz Alejandro ,   Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA,   Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Cardiothoracic Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA, Lee K Benjamin ,   Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA,   Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Cardiothoracic Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA, Trachiotis Gregory D ,   Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Cardiothoracic Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA, Efimov Igor R ,   Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
Published: December 2017

The atrioventricular node (AVN) is a complex structure that performs a variety of functions in the heart. The AVN is primarily an electrical gatekeeper between the atria and ventricles and introduces a delay between atrial and ventricular excitation, allowing for efficient ventricular filling. The AVN is composed of several compartments that safely transmit electrical excitation from the atria to the ventricles via the fast or slow pathways. There are many electrophysiological differences between these pathways, including conduction time and electrical refractoriness, that increase the predisposition of the atrioventricular junction to arrhythmias such as atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia. These varied electrophysiological characteristics of the fast and slow pathways stem from their unique structural and molecular composition (tissue and cellular geometry, ion channels and gap junctions). This review summarises the structural and molecular heterogeneities of the human AVN and how they result in electrophysiological variations and arrhythmias.
Abuso de las medidas y medidas abusivas. Crítica al pensamiento bibliométrico hegemónico
Authors: Gómez-Morales Yuri Jack
Published: December 2017

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Solo la sangre salva: represión cruenta y memoria política en Guayaquil bajo el mandato de Camilo Ponce (1959)
Authors: León G. Natalia Catalina
Published: December 2017

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Retratos não-modelares da modernidade: hegemonia e contra-hegemonia no pensamento brasileiro
Authors: Tavolaro Sergio Barreira de Faria
Published: December 2017

O presente artigo almeja apurar no seio do pensamento social brasileiro a existência de elementos que indiquem alternativas a noções sociológicas consolidadas acerca da modernidade. Indaga-se sobre as premissas que subjazem imagens do Brasil talhadas em algumas obras ditas “clássicas” de interpretação de nossa formação social. Em seguida, busca-se identificar peças-chave do quadro de referência que, desde longa data, circunscreve os horizontes de ideação sociológica acerca da experiência moderna. Logo após, são contempladas as reflexões de analistas contemporâneos a respeito do valor heurístico de retratos do país delineados no seio do pensamento brasileiro. Por fim, à luz de programas e abordagens da teoria social contemporânea, lança-se mão de insights e sugestões ensaiadas em tais interpretações “clássicas” com o propósito de indicar saídas a alguns dos impasses e limites da sociologia da modernidade sublinhados na atualidade.
Insights sociológicos: sujeito e subjetivação em Walter Benjamin e Hannah Arendt
Authors: Aquino Luseni
Published: December 2017

O texto apresenta uma breve discussão acerca dos insights que as obras de Hannah Arendt e Walter Benjamim oferecem para a tematização do sujeito e dos processos de subjetivação que tem sido marcante nas investigações sociológicas. Orienta a argumentação a hipótese de que, em ambos os casos, as reflexões são pautadas por uma compreensão bastante específica da vida social e do desenrolar histórico, que tem como fulcro o caráter contingente do agir humano. Neste sentido, identificam-se nas categorias “ação” e “experiência” o cerne das proposições dos autores. Conclui-se, ao final, que embora Arendt e Benjamin tenham apontado os imensos desafios que as condições materiais e a mentalidade moderna impõem ao sujeito como possibilidade para o existir humano, ambos indicam que o sujeito livre, como postulado que preserva o homem de ser reduzido a objeto ou recurso de poder ou prazer, subsiste não apenas como valor, mas também como potencialidade.
Local renewable energy action plan Tatra sun power station
Authors: Gronkowska Joanna
Published: December 2017

The promotion of renewable energy is an essential part of EU energy policy, and it significantly
contributes to the implementation of the Energy Union Framework strategy. With a 17% share
in final energy consumption in 2015, the EU and the vast majority of Member States are well on
track in terms of renewable energy deployment. The proposal for an energy cluster based policy,
together with the energy clusters pilot packages, now under examination, aims to tackle the bar�riers limiting further local renewable energy growth.
Assessment of the Vertical Accuracy of SRTM-1″ Data over the Territory of Poland using the Runway Method
Authors: Akgul Volkan , Becek Kazimierz , Grossek Joanna
Published: December 2017

The aim of this project was to estimate the accuracy of the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission
(SRTM) digital elevation model over the territory of the Republic of Poland, using the centreline
cross-sections of runways as reference data. This method is known as the runway method.
The statistical investigations were carried out based on the height differences between the SRTM
and the reference data. For this purpose, 22 sections of the SRTM with 1 arcsecond of spatial
resolution (SRTM-1″) and profiles of 30 runways were used. Data processing was performed
using ArcGIS (Esri) software package. The study found that the SRTM-1″ had a –3.65 m magni�tude elevation bias. The standard deviation and root-mean-square error (RMSE) of the elevation
differences between the SRTM and the reference data reached the level of 1.88 m and 4.14 m,
respectively. The obtained results are consistent with the investigations of the SRTM-3″ model
conducted by other authors for the area of Poland and other countries. Overall, it can be con�firmed that the SRTM-3″ model performs significantly better over flat areas than the SRTM-1″
in terms of RMSE of the vertical accuracy.
Second Language Discourse in the Digital World
Authors: Gruba Paul
Published: December 2017

Second Language Discourse in the Digital World, Ilona Vandergriff, New York: John Benjamins, US $54.00, ISBN 9789027213358 (Paperback), 270 pages, 2016
Pilates and aerobic training improve levels of depression, anxiety and quality of life in overweight and obese individuals
Authors: Vancini Rodrigo Luiz , Rayes Angeles Bonal Rosell , Lira Claudio Andre Barbosa de , Sarro Karine Jacon , Andrade Marilia Santos
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the effects of Pilates and walking on quality of life, depression, and anxiety levels. Methods: Sixty-three overweight/obese participants were randomly divided into: control (n = 20), walking (n = 21), and Pilates (n = 22) groups. Pilates and walking groups attended eight weeks of 60-minute exercise sessions three times per week. Quality of life, depression, and state- and trait-anxiety levels were evaluated before and after eight weeks of training. Results: Scores of quality of life, depression, and trait-anxiety improved in the Pilates and walking groups. State-anxiety levels improved only in the walking group. Conclusion: Pilates and walking positively impact quality of life, depression and anxiety. The Pilates method could be used as an alternative to improve mood disorders in overweight/obese individuals.
CASO RÁPIDO & BARATO: VAMOS ENTREGAR LOGO A ENCOMENDA?
Authors: Oliveira Wanderson Fernandes Modesto de , El-Aouar Walid Abbas , Leone Rodrigo José Guerra
Published: December 2017

RESUMO Este Caso de Ensino examina o tema da produtividade dos empregados de uma empresa privada de coleta e entrega de encomendas. A partir da constatação do aumento da demanda, dos problemas de desempenho dos empregados e das pressões para a obtenção dos resultados, o gerente de logística reflete sobre o gerenciamento da organização atual. Nesse processo, vão-se apontando elementos para análise da situação, que se evidencia com o resultado do trabalho de uma empresa de consultoria; como características do contexto, dilemas gerenciais, conflitos entre os interesses dos empregados versus os da empresa e interferências do movimento sindical, dentre outros, e que servem de fonte para um projeto de melhoria da produtividade dos empregados em uma empresa. Este estudo possibilita reflexões sobre a melhoria do processo de gerenciamento do desempenho do empregado, sendo proposto para isso: o planejamento e implantação de ações de padronização das atividades, a seleção de empregados, treinamento, avaliação do desempenho e remuneração variável de acordo com as metas alcançadas.
PREVALENCE OF OSTEOPOROSIS AND HYPOVITAMINOSIS D AT SIRIRAJ METABOLIC BONE DISEASE CLINIC
Authors: UNNANUNTANA AASIS , CHOTIYARNWONG POJCHONG
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the prevalence of osteoporosis and hypovitaminosis D among patients at the Siriraj Metabolic Bone Disease (MBD) Clinic, and to compare initial vitamin D levels in patients with and without a history of fragility fractures. Methods: Medical records of patients who attended our MBD clinic between 2012 and 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient baseline demographic, clinical, bone mineral density (BMD), and laboratory data were collected and analyzed. Osteoporosis was diagnosed when patients had a BMD T-score <-2.5 or presented with fragility fractures. Results: There were 761 patients included in this study. Of these, 627 patients (82.4%) were diagnosed with osteoporosis and 508 patients (66.8%) had fragility fractures. Baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels were available in 685 patients. Of these, 391 patients (57.1%) were diagnosed with hypovitaminosis D. When evaluated only in patients with fragility fractures, the average initial 25(OH)D level was 28.2±11.6 ng/mL, and the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was 57.6%. Conclusion: A high prevalence of osteoporosis and hypovitaminosis D was found among patients at our clinic; two-thirds of patients had a history of fragility fractures, and no difference in initial 25(OH)D levels was seen between patients with and without fragility fractures. Level of Evidence III, Retrospective Study .
Psychological aspects of patients with intestinal stoma: integrative review
Authors: Silva Natália Michelato , Santos Manoel Antônio dos , Rosado Sara Rodrigues , Galvão Cristina Maria , Sonobe Helena Megumi
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze evidences of psychological aspects of patients with intestinal stoma. Method: integrative review with search of primary studies in the PsycINFO, PubMed, CINAHL and WOS databases and in the SciELO periodicals portal. Inclusion criteria were: primary studies published in a ten-year period, in Portuguese, Spanish or English, available in full length and addressing the theme of the review. Results: after analytical reading, 27 primary studies were selected and results pointed out the need to approach patients before surgery to prevent the complications, anxieties and fears generated by the stoma. The national and international scientific production on the experience of stomized patients in the perioperative moments is scarce. Conclusion: it is recomendable that health professionals invest in research on interventions aimed at the main psychological demands of stomized patients in the perioperative period, respecting their autonomy on the decisions to be made regarding their health/illness state and treatments.
Ischemic left ventricle systolic dysfunction: An evidence-based approach in diagnostic tools and therapeutics
Authors: Lima Eduardo Gomes , Carvalho Felipe Pereira Câmara de , Linhares Filho Jaime Paula Pessoa , Pitta Fabio Grunspun , Serrano Jr Carlos Vicente
Published: December 2017

Summary Coronary artery disease (CAD) associated with left ventricular systolic dysfunction is a condition related to poor prognosis. There is a lack of robust evidence in many aspects related to this condition, from definition to treatment. Ischemic cardiomyopathy is a spectrum ranging from stunned myocardium associated with myocardial fibrosis to hibernating myocardium and repetitive episodes of ischemia. In clinical practice, relevance lies in identifying the myocardium that has the ability to recover its contractile reserve after revascularization. Methods to evaluate cellular integrity tend to have higher sensitivity, while the ones assessing contractile reserve have greater specificity, since a larger mass of viable myocytes is required in order to generate contractility change. Since there are many methods and different ways to detect viability, sensitivity and specificity vary widely. Dobutamine-cardiac magnetic resonance with late gadolinium enhancement has the best accuracy is this setting, giving important predictors of prognostic and revascularization benefit such as scar burden, contractile reserve and end-systolic volume index. The latter has shown differential benefit with revascularization in some recent trials. Finally, authors discuss interventional procedures in this population, focusing on coronary artery bypass grafting and evolution of evidence from CASS to post-STICH era.
Nurse training in health in different regions in Brazil
Authors: Magnago Carinne , Pierantoni Celia Regina , Carvalho Cristiana Leite de , Girardi Sabado Nicolau
Published: December 2017

Abstract Objectives: to identify on the one hand whether there has been any changes in the nurse training in Brazil and on the other if regionalizing health incurred interference in this process. Methods: an exploratory research of a multiple case study in a qualitative approach developed between November 2015 and March 2017, in seven regions in Brazil. The data were collected by in-depth interviews with 16 administrators of the undergraduate courses in nursing and by documentary analysis of the Projetos Políticos Pedagógicos (Political Pedagogical Projects). Content analysis was undertaken by having the theoretical references of the Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (National Curriculum Guidelines). Results: varied profiles of undergraduates were observed with higher tendency for the basic level in health practice or for hospital level with competencies in health care that is still fragmented and not interdisciplinary. The curricular structure of the courses focuses on isolated disciplines with little or no interdisciplinary integration and the pedagogical model is based on traditional teaching-learning strategies and additional evaluation process. There were no differences in health among the regions. Conclusions: it is necessary in concomitance with the changes that are required in the field of training to undertake efforts in the development of health units and training institutions, which has already proven to be a factor of professional retention and regional development.
Pedagogia Intuitiva da Escola Elementar de Pestalozzi: como se ensinava Aritmética?
Authors: Oliveira Marcus Aldenisson de
Published: December 2017

Resumo Este artigo tem por objetivo compreender o arranjo metodológico no ensino da Aritmética na escola elementar de Pestalozzi. Interessa saber como se ensinava Aritmética na escola elementar pestalozziana? Ao transformar alguns textos de Pestalozzi em documentos, notei que o educador suíço sistematizou uma teoria pedagógica que mudou o estatuto da tríade: aluno-saber-professor. Trata-se de uma pedagogia assentada na atividade do espírito humano manifestada pela intuição. Denominei-a de pedagogia intuitiva. Uma pedagogia que psicologizou o saber elementar, sob o pretexto de seguir a natureza humana através das intuições sensível e racional. Colados na forma mais simples, os saberes da Aritmética foram reduzidos, de algum modo, aos elementos palpáveis, visíveis e acessíveis a todos os sentidos.
A observação das práticas de ensino efetivas em sala de aula: pesquisa e formação
Authors: Altet Marguerite , Mhereb Maria Teresa
Published: December 2017

RESUMO Neste artigo, a autora apresenta sua trajetória de pesquisadora das práticas de ensino efetivas e do funcionamento do processo interativo ensino-aprendizagem a partir da observação de uma sequência de aulas. A autora considera diferentes pesquisas realizadas pelo CERSE, CREN, pelas redes OPEN e OPEEN & Reform e apresenta uma pesquisa recente sobre a observação das práticas de ensino em suas relações com a aprendizagem (OPERA) feita em Burquina Faso e que procura identificar as práticas de ensino portadoras de efeitos. A partir da observação de aulas, da aplicação de questionários e de entrevistas com alunos, professores e diretores de escolas, a pesquisa pôde identificar as necessidades de formação tanto dos professores quanto dos demais profissionais da educação. Depois, a partir desse diagnóstico, ferramentas de formação foram concebidas para ajudar na análise das práticas e contribuir para a melhora da qualidade dos sistemas educativos na África subsaariana.
A TESSITURA DOS ENCONTROS DA REDE DE ATENÇÃO PSICOSSOCIAL
Authors: Leite Loiva dos Santos , Rocha Kátia Bones , Santos Liliane Maria dos
Published: December 2017

Resumo Este artigo objetiva descrever e analisar a constituição do fórum dos serviços que compõem a Rede de Atenção Psicossocial no território de uma gerência distrital de saúde da cidade de Porto Alegre, no Rio Grande do Sul. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo realizado por meio de pesquisa-intervenção no período de março de 2014 a março de 2015. Para a análise deste processo, foi utilizado o diário de campo como instrumento de registros dos encontros dos fóruns realizados e os relatórios de avaliação de seminários de capacitação em saúde mental, desenvolvidos com profissionais da atenção primária em saúde. A composição do fórum, que conta com profissionais de diversos serviços, demarca um processo que visa articular diferentes pontos da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial, promovendo interlocução entre os serviços e a corresponsabilidade pela gestão-execução da atenção em saúde no território. A partir das relações que emergem no espaço do fórum, propõe-se repensar os processos de trabalho, problematizando os fazeres e saberes em saúde, remetendo à Educação Permanente em Saúde como uma importante estratégia nesse cenário. Como resultados iniciais, avalia-se que os encontros mensais dos serviços têm proporcionado espaços de reflexão e, ao mesmo tempo, são propositivos quanto à construção de fluxos e conexões entre trabalho, gestão e Educação Permanente, aspectos considerados indissociáveis no campo da saúde pública.
CIÊNCIAS SOCIAIS EM SAÚDE, EDUCAÇÃO MÉDICA E A CONCEPÇÃO INTERVENCIONISTA E COLONIAL DA PRÁTICA MÉDICA
Authors: Silva Rafael Afonso da , Fernandez Juan Carlos Aneiros , Barros Nelson Filice de , Nascimento Juliana Luporini do
Published: December 2017

Resumo A pesquisa apresentada neste artigo teve por escopo investigar a ‘expressão de certa lógica’ dominante na formação médica por meio da análise de expectativas colhidas de estudantes de uma instituição de ensino de medicina em relação a uma disciplina concentrada em temas/reflexões das ciências sociais em saúde e coordenada por cientistas sociais. O material analisado foi composto de expectativas de 72 estudantes coletadas por meio de um convite para escreverem livremente, sem necessidade de se identificar, sobre o que esperavam em relação à disciplina. A análise desse material revelou a dominância de discursos e experiências pedagógicas que contribuem para a produção de uma concepção ‘instrumental’ e ‘colonial’ da prática médica e permite compreender algumas dificuldades para o exercício crítico-reflexivo das ciências sociais no ensino médico. Ao identificar a necessidade de desconstrução dessa ‘lógica’, concluiu-se não com uma proposta pedagógica concreta, mas com a indicação da necessidade de um processo de desinstitucionalização/institucionalização orientado para ‘descompressão’ epistêmica do campo da saúde em geral e da educação médica em particular, uma abertura para outros agentes, outras epistemologias e para a possibilidade de novas conexões produtivas no campo da saúde e da medicina.