bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERTENCIMENTO E EDUCAÇÃO: O SER JOVEM NO SEMIÁRIDO
Authors: De Fátima dos Anjos Maria , Salgueiro do Nascimento Verônica , Salgueiro Chacon Suely , Coelho do Nascimento Diego , Heraldo de Sousa Silva Cleomenes
Published: May 2017

O presente artigo é um estudo de caso com abordagem qualitativa e descritiva sobre as experiências vivenciadas por um grupo de jovens do sertão semiárido, que implica na questão do ser jovem no semiárido. A análise é feita a partir dos discursos dos jovens integrantes da Fundação Casa Grande, uma Organização não Governamental situada na Cidade de Nova Olinda na região sul do Ceará, Brasil. Este estudo tem o objetivo de identificar os significados construídos pelos jovens através de debates e entrevistas sobre a vida no contexto do sertão semiárido e suas contribuições para o Desenvolvimento Regional Sustentável. Os resultados evidenciam os processos de construção do ser pessoa, da aprendizagem significativa e das relações sociais.
Forecasting Initial Public Offering Pricing Using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Algorithm and Support Vector Machine (SVM) In Iran
Authors: Gandoman Shaho Heidari , Kiamehr Navab , Hemetfar Mahmood
Published: May 2017

The present study compares the ability of neural networks, support vector machine, and model derived from combining particles swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and support vector machine (SVM) to forecast the initial public offering pricing. The purpose of this research is to design a model that helps investors recognize the validity of the initial public offering pricing and hunt profitable opportunities. The variables used in this study are selected among those variables which are in the disposal of investors who have limited access to information before the offering. On the other hand, these results can be useful for publishing companies, admissions consultant, underwriting and legislators of the stock exchange. We have considered the ninth day offering prices, since volatilities are gone and prices seem to be more realistic. The results show that the combination of particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and support vector machine (SVM) markedly increases the forecasting power. As a result, support vector machine models can increase the accuracy of initial public offering pricing and provide significant economic benefits as reducing less than real pricing costs.
Lost in Magnification: Nineteenth-Century Microscopy and The Lifted Veil
Authors: Xiao Yizhi
Published: May 2017

This article studies the influence of nineteenth-century microscopy on George Eliot's The Lifted Veil and in particular on Eliot's vocabulary of narrative observation, which is central to her perception of the novel's moral purpose. Following recent studies in the history of science, it highlights the fact that nineteenth-century microscopy takes the imperfection of the observing subject as the precondition of knowing and develops a series of second-order techniques to verify the observations. It then traces how Lewes's engagement with microscopy communicates its epistemological concerns to Eliot, and instances of metaphoric microscopy in the novella, where the tropes of magnification and optical flaws reveal the untrustworthiness of the protagonist Latimer's narration. By doing so, this article asserts the contextual significance of Lewes's microscopic researches in the critical treatment of The Lifted Veil.
Form and function: Optional complementizers reduce causal inferences
Authors: Rohde Hannah , Tyler Joseph , Carlson Katy
Published: May 2017

Many factors are known to influence the inference of the discourse coherence relationship between two sentences. Here, we examine the relationship between two conjoined embedded clauses in sentences like The professor noted that the student teacher did not look confident and (that) the students were poorly behaved. In two studies, we find that the presence of that before the second embedded clause in such sentences reduces the possibility of a forward causal relationship between the clauses, i.e., the inference that the student teacher’s confidence was what affected student behavior. Three further studies tested the possibility of a backward causal relationship between clauses in the same structure, and found that the complementizer’s presence aids that relationship, especially in a forced-choice paradigm. The empirical finding that a complementizer, a linguistic element associated primarily with structure rather than event-level semantics, can affect discourse coherence is novel and illustrates an interdependence between syntactic parsing and discourse parsing.
Working for Less: Income Inequality and the Diminishing Share of Labor in China’s National Wealth
Authors: Wang Songtao , Kenderdine Tristan , Qi Zhen
Published: May 2017

This paper demystifies variation in labor’s share of national labor income in China from the perspective of the income gap. We extend the gross national labor income function by introducing a Gini coefficient to support our argument that the share of gross national labor income decreases with an increasing Gini coefficient. The hypotheses are tested using provincial data from 1996 to 2010: (1) the Gini coefficient’s ‘inverted U’ shape partially contributes to the U-shaped evolution of the labor income-share; (2) China’s 15 per cent decline in the labor income share can be explained by the widening income gap during that time.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Environment and Natural Resources Research, Vol. 7, No. 2
Authors: Lee Joan
Published: May 2017

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Environment and Natural Resources Research, Vol. 7, No. 2, 2017
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Mathematics Research, Vol. 9, No. 3
Authors: Wang Sophia
Published: May 2017

Journal of Mathematics Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal is greatly appreciated.Many authors, regardless of whether Journal of Mathematics Research publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers.Reviewers for Volume 9, Number 3   Ali Berkol, TurkeyArman Aghili, IranCecilia Maria Fernandes Fonseca, PortugalCecilia Rosa, PortugalChung-Chuan Chen, TaiwanGane Sam Lo, SenegalKong Liang, USAMarek Brabec, Czech RepublicMaria Alessandra Ragusa, ItalyMohammad Mehdi Rashidi, ChinaMohd Hafiz, MalaysiaN. V. Ramana Murty, IndiaÖzgür Ege, TurkeyPhilip Philipoff, BulgariaRovshan Bandaliyev, AzerbaijanSanjib Kumar Datta, IndiaSelcuk Koyuncu, USASergiy Koshkin, USAShenghua Ni, USAVishnu Narayan Mishra, IndiaXinyun Zhu, USAYibin Zhang, ChinaYifan Wang, USAYoussef El-Khatib, United Arab EmiratesZhongming Wang, USA  Sophia WangOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Journal of Mathematics ResearchCanadian Center of Science and Education
A Model of Early Motivational States and Their Uses
Authors: Hemami Hooshang
Published: May 2017

A model of early development of motivational states is proposed. The states are modeled in terms of modern concepts of state space and are physically realized by long-term-potentiation (LTP)-based neural circuits. The basic idea is to assume existence of libido and aggression instincts that would receive single sensory stimulus and induce capabilities for fight-or-flight, freeze or run, etc. The libido state may lead to happiness, contentment, or activities such as dance or play, imitation of observed behavior and action of others, and engagement in learning by trial and error.Enhancement of two motor skills are presented: responding more quickly in time and delivering a larger force of contact. This is a simple example of how the perception system, the motor system and the motivation system interact. A one-degree-of-freedom second-order mechanical system is modified by a first-order neural facilitator or compensator.The tit-for-tat phenomenon in force escalation is also modeled. The model includes tactile sensors for the measurement of a known force applied to a human finger, afferent transmission of the sensed force to the brain, storage of the perceived force, recovery of the stored force from memory, and efferent transmission of the force to the finger. The situation may change based on perception of more adversaries discouraging retaliation and encouraging resort to withdrawal and / or retreat.
Kinematics and Internal Dynamics Formulations of the Canis Compressed Air Engine
Authors: Fru Ngang Tangie
Published: May 2017

Prior to this paper some study was conducted that resulted to the conceptual design of the Canis Compressed Air Engine. This paper brings out the mathematical design of the Canis Compressed Air engine. It also highlights the study of the kinematic and internal dynamic formula. With the engine components movement likened to an eccentric circular cam, with a radial movement (Ri) and a normal movement component (Di) and a different (di), with the magnitude of the radial movement (Ri) and different (di) considered constant, respectively 4units and 1units, the mathematical formula describing the displacement, velocity and acceleration were verified. This verification, done graphically, ended up with the conclusion that this design of a compressed air engine, complies theoretically with the recommendations of accurate intake and exhaust positioning, smooth running and high efficiency due to absence of backlashing forces during intake. The theoretical internal dynamics analysis further proofs the susceptibility of a perfect intake then explosive expansion and a perfect exhaust for every expansion chamber.
What Caused the Drop in European Electricity Prices? A Factor Decomposition Analysis
Authors: Hirth Lion
Published: May 2017

European wholesale electricity prices have dropped by nearly two thirds since their all-time high around 2008. Different factors have been blamed, or praised, for having caused the price slump: the expansion of renewable energy; the near-collapse of the European emissions trading scheme; over-optimistic power plant investments; a decline in final electricity consumption; and cheap coal and natural gas. This ex-post study of European electricity markets from 2008 to 2015 uses a fundamental power market model to quantify their individual contributions on day-ahead prices. The two countries we study in detail, Germany and Sweden, differ significantly: fuel and CO2 prices were important price drivers in Germany, but in Sweden it was electricity demand. This difference is explained by the nature of the hydro-dominate Nordic electricity system. In both countries, however, the single largest factor depressing prices was the expansion of renewable energy. At the same time, Germany's nuclear phase-out had an upward effect on prices. If one defines the Energiewende as the combination of these two policies, its net effect on power prices was negligible.
Do work beliefs moderate the relationship between work interruptions, wellbeing and psychosomatic symptoms?
Authors: Zoupanou Zoi(e) , Rydstedt Leif W.
Published: May 2017

The purpose of this study was to explore the moderating effects of work beliefs in the relationship between work interruptions and general health, wellbeing and reports of psychosomatic symptoms. Self-report data were gathered from 310 employees from different occupational sectors. Results revealed that beliefs in hard work and morality ethic moderated the positive appraisal of work interruptions and acted as protective factors on impaired general health and wellbeing. The relationship was stronger among employees who endorsed strong beliefs in hard work and did not have regard for morality/ethics as a value. Likewise, beliefs in delay of gratification and morality/ethics moderated positive appraisal of work interruptions and reduced psychosomatic complaints. More specifically, the relationship was stronger among employees who had strong belief in the values of delayed gratification and weaker morality/ethics. These findings indicate that organisations should adopt work ideology or practices focused on work values particularly of hard work, delay of gratification and conformity to morality as protective factors that reduce the impact of work interruptions on employees’ general health and wellbeing.
Bob Cuspe: resistências microscópicas, contracondutas e a potência do “não” nos quadrinhos underground de Angeli
Authors: Pires Maria da Conceição Francisca
Published: May 2017

O artigo analisa o personagem Bob Cuspe, criado pelo cartunista Angeli, à luz do conceito de “contracondutas”, ou seja, como formas inovadoras de resistência política que se fundam na desmobilização das redes de poder e de seus representantes. A partir do exame do personagem – especificamente as características demarcadas na história inaugural –, e das referências discursivas aplicadas para lhe dar sentido, intenta-se assinalar como o seu modo de vida expressa novas formas de resistência contemporâneas, na medida em que constitui um novo mundo, com regras próprias de convívio e de estar junto e, ao mesmo tempo, mantém presente uma condição crítica. Com essa análise, pretende-se refutar o argumento, frequente em estudos existentes sobre o mesmo, de que o personagem manifesta uma condição alienada do contexto social e político no qual está inserido. Finalmente, defende-se a premissa de que a revista Chiclete com Banana, onde foram veiculadas as histórias de Bob Cuspe, foi um espaço criado para reverberar um humor assumidamente melancólico e niilista, que não se identifica com as intenções e/ou utopias revolucionárias da geração anterior de artistas, políticos e intelectuais, e que se torna representativa de grande parte da juventude brasileira que se formou silenciada e sob o impacto do medo promovido pelo terror do estado ditatorial. Palavras-chave: Histórias em Quadrinhos. Angeli, 1956. Humor Gráfico.
Quando a Odebrecht construiu Salvador: a narrativa jornalística da história na coleção Terra Brasilis, de Eduardo Bueno (1998-2006)
Authors: Bonaldo Rodrigo Bragio
Published: May 2017

O que fabrica o jornalista quando escreve sobre história? Ao subverter a questão clássica de Michel de Certeau (2007), este artigo propõe contribuir para o debate sobre a relação da escrita da história com as amplas audiências. Ao focar em uma análise da principal obra de um dos mais célebres escritores não acadêmicos de livros de história no Brasil – Eduardo Bueno com sua coleção Terra Brasilis – propõe-se que, entre o trabalho do divulgador e a historiografia profissional, dispõe-se outro ponto de intersecção merecedor de atenção e que responde pelos critérios do “lugar social” do jornalista. É, portanto, a partir de um diálogo com tais referências que percebemos uma narrativa jornalística da história alheia aos mecanismos de mediação próprios da memória disciplinar da historiografia, o que carregaria em si implicações ideológicas (WHITE, 1992) derivadas de querelas do tempo presente. Palavras-chave: Jornalismo. Historiografia. Corrupção. Implicação Ideológica.
Vetores para uma escolha: História do Tempo Presente e as pesquisas discentes no PPGH/UDESC
Authors: Rossato Luciana , Cunha Maria Teresa Santos
Published: May 2017

Este artigo integra a edição comemorativa dos dez anos da criação do Programa de Pós-Graduação em História da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (PPGH/UDESC), ocorrido em 2007, e que se fez acompanhar, desde 2009, da Revista Tempo & Argumento. Tem como objetivo: apresentar as escolhas teóricas que balizaram a proposição do programa, com enfoque em História do Tempo Presente; identificar os recortes temporais e geográficos selecionados; as opções metodológicas e os enfoques teóricos privilegiados das dissertações de mestrado defendidas no decorrer deste período. Busca analisar as produções acadêmicas discentes como veículos de disseminação de estudos e debates sob a perspectiva da História do Tempo Presente, um campo em construção na área da História e que tem, na UDESC, o primeiro programa de pós-graduação específico com esta proposição temática. Palavras-chave: História do Tempo Presente. Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina. Programa de Pós-graduação em História. Estudantes de Pós-graduação.
Reescrevendo a história: imigrantes italianos, colonos alemães, portugueses e a população brasileira no sul do Brasil
Authors: Santos Miriam O.
Published: May 2017

Visamos entender como a criação de identidades étnicas, produzidas pela imigração, dividem o mundo entre “nós” e os “outros”. Analisaremos como esse “nós” pode ser relacional e em alguns momentos abarcar os “outros” tendo, como suporte empírico, os descendentes dos imigrantes europeus no Rio Grande do Sul. Como método de trabalho, utilizamos a etnografia e a pesquisa histórica, com a história política e econômica para entender as transformações nas relações entre os diversos grupos humanos estabelecidos na Serra Gaúcha e seus descendentes que migraram para outras regiões no Brasil e para o Paraguai.  Palavras-chave: Migração – Rio Grande do Sul. Imigrantes. Identidade Social.
Testemunhos em perspectiva: uma análise das narrativas de vítimas da ditadura e a atuação da Comissão Estadual da Verdade no Oeste do Paraná
Authors: Schlachta Marcelo Hansen
Published: May 2017

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo realizar uma análise dos trabalhos da Comissão Nacional da Verdade no Brasil, instituída em maio de 2012 pela Presidenta Dilma Rousseff. Pautamo-nos em uma análise documental do relatório final publicado pelos membros desta Comissão em dezembro de 2014, seu cotejamento dos depoimentos prestados em audiências públicas promovidas pela CNV na cidade de Cascavel – PR, bem como com entrevistas posteriormente realizadas com depoentes destas audiências, tendo por objetivo compreender como se dá a construção das memórias desses sujeitos em relação ao passado e ao presente, atentando também para o modo como estas memórias são trabalhadas pela Comissão. Esta etapa consiste numa fase inicial de um projeto mais amplo, que se baseia em revisitar os depoentes das audiências da CNV realizadas em Cascavel, produzindo novas entrevistas e adentrando em percepções mais amplas e ligadas às suas trajetórias de vida cotejando as mesmas às experiências testemunhadas com relação à ditadura civil-militar brasileira. Nesta perspectiva levantamos algumas perguntas: como a CNV percebe essas relações entre passado e presente na construção dos depoimentos prestados? De que maneira a construção das entrevistas e do próprio ambiente das audiências influencia nos depoimentos? De que modo as narrativas coletadas são transportadas para os relatórios finais? Entre outras questões. Palavras-chave: Memória. Vitimização. Comissão Nacional da Verdade.
Uma filosofia do futuro? Robert James Maddox e a sua perspectiva sobre a bomba atômica
Authors: Neto Mario Marcello
Published: May 2017

Qual a função e o sentido do “futuro” na História? Esta pergunta pode ser respondida neste artigo a partir da perspectiva historiográfica de Robert James Maddox. Esse historiador ortodoxo estadunidense dedicou boa parte de sua vida acadêmica aos estudos sobre a bomba atômica e a descontruir os “mitos” daqueles que contestavam o uso das bombas nucleares por parte dos EUA. Argumentando que Maddox opera num sentido que tenta ver uma unidade no passado estadunidense frente a um presente ainda mais fragmentado, a função que o futuro passa a exercer em sua narrativa é de justificativa. Neste sentido, pode-se pensar que o fazer historiográfico de Robert Maddox e a sua tentativa de comprovar (empiricamente e retoricamente) a necessidade do uso das bombas atômicas fez com que ele usasse o futuro como uma categoria que permitisse justificar as ações do passado. Neste sentido, mostrarei as formas e a relação entre o pensamento do autor em questão com a questão da disciplinarização da História. Palavras-chave: Robert James Maddox. Previsão do Futuro. História. Bomba Atômica.
Expectations, Taylor Rules and Liquidity Traps
Authors: Ji Yangyang
Published: May 2017

This paper includes three equilibrium paths (Christiano et al. 2011; Werning 2012; Cochrane 2016) that model liquidity traps in a unified framework with expectations of duration of the zero lower bound and expectations of a Taylor-type rule outside of the trap, and finds that their appearance depends on these expectations. Other than that, Werning (2012)'s and Cochrane (2016)'s equilibrium paths require one more strong assumption and are thus arguably harder to observe in reality although Cochrane (2016)'s equilibrium path fits the recent data better.
HEZBOLLAH, THE ISLAMIC ASSOCIATION AND LEBANON'S CONFESSIONAL SYSTEM AL-INFITAH AND LEBANONIZATION
Authors: Rabil Robert G.
Published: May 2017

This essay examines two Lebanese Islamist parties, Hezbollah and the Islamic Association, putting under scrutiny both their ideological transformations and the particular circumstances attendant to their later participation in Lebanon's confessional political system. The article explores the ideological and political motives behind these parties' infitah (opening up) and lebanonization orientations, as expressed in their religious-political ideologies, political programs, and policies and visions in relation to Lebanon's confessional system. At the same time, this study probes the plausibility of the claim that Hezbollah’s relatively recent integration into the state may have been a venue for it to shed its Jihadi character and transition into a conventional political party.
FACEBOOK WRITTEN LEVANTINE VERNACULAR LANGUAGES
Authors: Abu Elhij'a Dua'a
Published: May 2017

Over the last fifteen years, in every Arabic-speaking country, young Arabic speakers have begun to write their spoken language in electronic media, such as Facebook, MSN Messenger, and so on.  The new way of writing in social media is a radical deviation from the traditional norm of writing the classical language—as well as what is commonly referred to as Modern Standard Arabic.  This study is presenting this phenomenon in the Levant— Jordan, Lebanon, and Israel/Palestine.
LOOKING AT ALAWITES
Authors: Al-Tamimi Aymenn Jawad
Published: May 2017

This paper aims to provide some original discussion on the traditional Alawite religion, looking at current historical narratives of the Alawites during the French Mandate period in what in 1936 became the Syrian Republic. The paper also considers conceptions of identity in the modern era and perceptions of the Syrian civil war a Sunni-Shi’a conflict.  Finally, it examines the position of Alawites in the current civil war in Syria, and discusses future options for the community.
THE CURRENT SYRIAN POPULAR VIEW OF THE JEWS
Authors: Álvarez Suárez Alejandra , Del Río Sánchez Francisco
Published: May 2017

The remaining small Jewish communities of Syria run the risk of disappearing completely due to the marginalization suffered as a consequence of the political situation since 1948. The Eli Cohen affair (1965,) the Six-­Day War (1967,) and the Yom Kippur War (1973) made the Baathist authorities of the country consider definitively the Syrian Jews as suspected Zionists or Zionist sympathizers. Nevertheless, in Syrian popular perceptions, the view of the Jews and Judaism did not always coincide with the ideology and propaganda emanating from the regime. In fact it is very interesting to note how good memories of times past, about an erstwhile coexistence with members of the Jewish community, still survive among many Syrians, both Muslims and Christians, belonging to the so-­called “urban middle class.” This paper evaluates some examples, in the forms of anecdotes, popular sayings and proverbs, dealing with the Jews, and popularized in Syrian colloquialisms, in order to reveal some of the popular views of Judaism and Jews within Syrian society.
BETWEEN TERROR AND TOLERANCE
Authors: Cohen-­Almagor Raphael
Published: May 2017

Book Reviewed:  Between Terror and Tolerance / Timothy D. Sisk (ed.) (Georgetown University Press, 2011,) 270 pp.
Turkmenistan and the Middle East
Authors: Bishku Michael B.
Published: May 2017

Turkmenistan is a weak country militarily, but well-­endowed with natural gas reserves. While the latter also insulates it somewhat from international criticism of its human rights abuses, unfortunately, Turkmenistan is landlocked and dependent upon the goodwill of its neighbors in order to export that commodity. Additionally, Turkmenistan is in need of technological assistance. Given its relatively homogenous population and its hydrocarbon wealth it has adopted a policy of subsidizing certain necessities—though it underfunds other—and is fairly stable internally. Nevertheless, it is ruled under an autocratic political system, suffers massive corruption, and has to contend with fears of instability on its borders. Therefore, Turkmenistan has adopted a policy of permanent neutrality and is open to cooperation with all its neighbors as well as the big powers. The countries of the Middle East as both immediate and nearby neighbors play an important part in the international relations of Turkmenistan and in providing technological assistance and economic investments. This article, which reviews and analyzes those ties, utilizes government documents, academic works and newspapers from Turkmenistan and Middle Eastern countries.
Modern singing sons of the Pharaohs
Authors: Ramzy Carolyn M.
Published: May 2017

In 2009, the U.S. Library of Congress officially launched the Ragheb Moftah Collection, an online exhibit that presented the largest music archive of Coptic liturgical recordings and music transcriptions outside of Egypt. Moftah, an amateur Egyptian collector, had commissioned an English composer, Ernest Newlandsmith, to notate and record the entire Orthodox hymnody. They both believed that, as the last connection to a Pharaonic and pre-Islamic past, the ancient melodies lay unchanged, “buried under a debris of Arabic and other ornamentation.” Drawing on Wendy Cheng’s notion of strategic orientalism (2013) and Timothy Mitchell’s staging modernity (2000), I explore contemporary discursive politics of sound archives in the Coptic community. Specifically, I investigate the role of Coptic music archives in articulations of community legitimacy, indigeneity, and agency as a religious and political minority in a Muslim majority nation. How have today’s cantors and activists rendered western transcriptions as sound objects which to negotiate authenticity as Egypt’s last remaining “modern sons of the pharaohs,” even without being able to read them? As the principal curator of the site, I explore how Western scholarly encounters have not only entangled Coptic music discourses in a western-centered teleology of modernity and progress, but in emulating the West, also infused them with orientalist critiques that equated heterophony and embellishments to “Arab debris” that marked signs of backwardness.
Curating Ethnomusicology in Cyberworlds for Ethnomusicological Research
Authors: Frishkopf Michael , Cohen Michael , Ranaweera Rasika
Published: May 2017

We describe a musical cyberworld as a virtual space for curating ethnomusicology, as well as for conducting research: the ethnomusicology of controlled musical cyberspaces. Our cyberworld differs from most online music curation in enabling immersive, social experience. Considering such cyber-exhibition of ethnomusicological research as itself a form of social and musical practice also calls for an ethnomusicology of such exhibits. Research in ethnomusicology has typically been conducted through qualitative fieldwork in uncontrolled settings. By contrast, we design a custom musical cyberworld as a virtual ethnomusicological laboratory, a platform for research geared towards better ways of designing online musical exhibitions for discovery, learning, and aesthetic contemplation, as well as contributing towards our general understanding of the role of music in human interaction and community formation.
Popular Music as an Interpretive Device for Creating Meaningful Visitor Experience in Music Museums
Authors: Wiens Kathleen
Published: May 2017

This article looks at modes of visitor engagement in a music museum setting. As curator for a gallery and collection of European music, I am tasked with representing musical cultures in Europe according to geo-political entity, community group, and genre. I present a case study in which popular music served to connect visitors with display content by instigating interest and creating a sense of personal context for the visitor. By presenting visitors with audio-visual content that was meaningful to them I was able to increase visit length to specific displays. In these cases, I used popular music as a didactic tool to guide visitors towards critical understandings of culture. It allowed me to simply and effectively represent nuances of musical behaviour and concepts of locality, innovation, and fluidity. Findings of the project stimulated thoughts and questions regarding the purposes and methods of representation within musical instruments museum display spaces.
Oh ! le beau droit. La pertinence du jugement esthétique pour le jugement juridique
Authors: Bernatchez Stéphane
Published: May 2017

Les juristes parlant souvent du « beau droit », il importe, dès lors, de s’interroger sur la beauté du droit : existe-t-il du beau droit ? Est-il possible de dire d’une question juridique qu’elle est belle ? Convient-il d’assigner au droit l’épithète « beau » ? Le droit peut-il être esthétique ? La beauté du droit se trouverait dans l’argumentation ou dans l’interprétation. Plus fondamentalement, l’auteur examine la pertinence du jugement esthétique pour le jugement juridique. Sur cette base, le jugement de goût sur le beau permettrait de concevoir une certaine objectivité dans la subjectivité, selon l’hypothèse de la faculté de juger réfléchissante. Cependant, la question de la beauté du droit doit aujourd’hui, dans le contexte de la mondialisation et de la gouvernance, être posée au-delà des approches qui insistent principalement sur la perspective du juge. À la manière de l’art moderne et de l’art contemporain, les innovations juridiques en appellent à la réflexivité du droit, là où la beauté se réfléchit autrement.
Aproximación a las consecuencias de la orientación al mercado en el servicio público de fomento de la Economía Social vasca
Authors: Morandeira Arca Jon , De Elizagarate Gutiérrez Victoria , García Castro David
Published: May 2017

Teniendo en cuenta que la orientación al mercado puede variar entre distintos niveles de una misma organización y que la mayor parte de los estudios realizados, si no todos, en materia de orientación al servicio del público se han centrado en el ámbito institucional o nivel jerárquico de decisión estratégica, este trabajo se ha concentrado en el análisis de la orientación al servicio del público, en concreto sobre sus consecuencias, en una unidad básica de actuación pública dentro de un Gobierno, es decir, en un nivel jerárquico de la esfera táctica y operativa de la actuación pública. El análisis de las consecuencias de la orientación al servicio del público se ha realizado sobre la unidad básica de actuación pública de fomento de la Economía Social del País Vasco, mediante un total de 9 entrevistas semi-estructuradas dirigidas a los informantes-clave definidos.
La cuestión de género en los órganos de gobierno de la banca cooperativa
Authors: Palomo-Zurdo Ricardo , Gutiérrez-Fernández Milagros , Fernández-Torres Yakira
Published: May 2017

Si bien el talento directivo no es, o no debería ser, una cuestión vinculada al género, es notoria la menor representación que tienen las mujeres en los máximos órganos de gobierno de las compañías. Lograr una adecuada diversidad de género en los Consejos de Administración no constituye sólo un desafío en el plano de la ética, de la política y de la responsabilidad social corporativa; puede ser también un objetivo de eficiencia cuya veracidad conviene analizar. Partiendo de esta premisa, este trabajo analiza si un incremento de la presencia femenina en los Consejos de Administración de las cooperativas de crédito españolas conduce a una mejora de su rentabilidad económica (RoA). Las entidades analizadas forman parte del sector bancario, pero se caracterizan por tratarse de entidades financieras sin cotización en bolsa y muy homogéneas en su modelo de negocio, tanto por su carácter territorial como por el modelo de banca minorista. La metodología aplicada se fundamenta en el Método Generalizado de los Momentos (MGM), empleado para la estimación de una ecuación lineal dinámica con un panel compuesto de 78 entidades durante el 2000-2014. Los resultados obtenidos muestran la importancia del género para explicar la rentabilidad de estas entidades, influencia que estaría condicionada al ciclo económico, la cual puede producirse tanto de manera directa como indirecta, dándose en esta última evidencias positivas y negativas, indicando que el papel de la mujer varía según el canal de acción de que se trate.
Rhetorics of Chilean Cinema (Pablo Corro, 2014)
Authors: Merchant Paul
Published: May 2017

Pablo Corro‘s 2014 book Retóricas del cine chileno (Rhetorics of Chilean Cinema) is a wide-ranging examination of the style and concerns that have come to characterise Chilean film-making from the 1950s to the present day. Corro demonstrates how ideas of national cinema are always to some extent dependent on transnational currents of cinematic ideas and techniques, as well as on local political contexts. The chapter presented here, Weak Poetics, adapts Gianni Vattimo‘s notion of weak thought to discuss the growing attention paid by Chilean films to the mundane, the everyday and the intimate. Corro‘s dense, allusive writing skilfully mirrors the films he describes, in which meaning is fragmented and dispersed into glimpsed appearances and acousmatic sounds. Corros historicisation of this fracturing of meaning allows the cinema of the everyday to be understood not as a retreat from politics, but as a recasting of the grounds on which it might occur.
Transcriptome analysis reveals the regulation of brassinosteroids on petal growth in Gerbera hybrida
Authors: Huang Gan , Han Meixiang , Yao Wei , Wang Yaqin
Published: May 2017

Gerbera hybrida is a cut-flower crop of global importance, and an understanding of the mechanisms underlying petal development is vital for the continued commercial development of this plant species. Brassinosteroids (BRs), a class of phytohormones, are known to play a major role in cell expansion, but their effect on petal growth in G. hybrida is largely unexplored. In this study, we found that the brassinolide (BL), the most active BR, promotes petal growth by lengthening cells in the middle and basal regions of petals, and that this effect on petal growth was greater than that of gibberellin (GA). The RNA-seq (high-throughput cDNA sequencing) technique was employed to investigate the regulatory mechanisms by which BRs control petal growth. A global transcriptome analysis of the response to BRs in petals was conducted and target genes regulated by BR were identified. These differentially expressed genes (DEGs) include various transcription factors (TFs) that were activated during the early stage (0.5 h) of BL treatment, as well as cell wall proteins whose expression was regulated at a late stage (10 h). BR-responsive DEGs are involved in multiple plant hormone signal pathways, hormone biosynthesis and biotic and abiotic stress responses, showing that the regulation of petal growth by BRs is a complex network of processes. Thus, our study provides new insights at the transcriptional level into the molecular mechanisms of BR regulation of petal growth in G. hybrida.
Stagnation of Saturn's auroral emission at noon
Authors: Radioti A. , Grodent D. , Gérard J.‐C. , Southwood D. J. , Chané E. , Bonfond B. , Pryor W.
Published: May 2017

Auroral emissions serve as a powerful tool to investigate the magnetospheric processes at Saturn. Solar wind and internally driven processes largely control Saturn's auroral morphology. The main auroral emission at Saturn is suggested to be connected with the magnetosphere‐solar wind interaction, through the flow shear related to rotational dynamics. Dawn auroral enhancements are associated with intense field‐aligned currents generated by hot tenuous plasma carried toward the planet in fast moving flux tubes as they return from tail reconnection site to the dayside. In this work we demonstrate, based on Cassini auroral observations, that the main auroral emission at Saturn, as it rotates from midnight to dusk via noon, occasionally stagnates near noon over a couple of hours. In half of the sequences examined, the auroral emission is blocked close to noon, while in three out of four cases, the blockage of the auroral emission is accompanied with signatures of dayside reconnection. We discuss some possible interpretations of the auroral “blockage” near noon. According to the first one, it could be related to local time variations of the flow shear close to noon. Auroral local time variations are also suggested to be initiated by radial transport process. Alternatively, the auroral blockage at noon could be associated with a plasma circulation theory, according to which tenuously populated closed flux tubes as they return from the nightside to the morning sector experience a blockage in the equatorial plane and they cannot rotate beyond noon.
Meteorological conditions in a thinner Arctic sea ice regime from winter to summer during the Norwegian Young Sea Ice expedition (N‐ICE2015)
Authors: Cohen Lana , Hudson Stephen R. , Walden Von P. , Graham Robert M. , Granskog Mats A.
Published: May 2017

Atmospheric measurements were made over Arctic sea ice north of Svalbard from winter to early summer (January–June) 2015 during the Norwegian Young Sea Ice (N‐ICE2015) expedition. These measurements, which are available publicly, represent a comprehensive meteorological data set covering the seasonal transition in the Arctic Basin over the new, thinner sea ice regime. Winter was characterized by a succession of storms that produced short‐lived (less than 48 h) temperature increases of 20 to 30 K at the surface. These storms were driven by the hemispheric scale circulation pattern with a large meridional component of the polar jet stream steering North Atlantic storms into the high Arctic. Nonstorm periods during winter were characterized by strong surface temperature inversions due to strong radiative cooling (“radiatively clear state”). The strength and depth of these inversions were similar to those during the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) campaign. In contrast, atmospheric profiles during the “opaquely cloudy state” were different to those from SHEBA due to differences in the synoptic conditions and location within the ice pack. Storm events observed during spring/summer were the result of synoptic systems located in the Barents Sea and the Arctic Basin rather than passing directly over N‐ICE2015. These synoptic systems were driven by a large‐scale circulation pattern typical of recent years, with an Arctic Dipole pattern developing during June. Surface temperatures became near‐constant 0°C on 1 June marking the beginning of summer. Atmospheric profiles during the spring and early summer show persistent lifted temperature and moisture inversions that are indicative of clouds and cloud processes.
Biomass burning aerosol transport and vertical distribution over the South African‐Atlantic region
Authors: Das Sampa , Harshvardhan H. , Bian Huisheng , Chin Mian , Curci Gabriele , Protonotariou Anna P. , Mielonen Tero , Zhang Kai , Wang Hailong , Liu Xiaohong
Published: May 2017

Optically thick smoke aerosol plumes originating from biomass burning (BB) in the southwestern African Savanna during the austral spring are transported westward by the free tropospheric winds to primarily overlie vast stretches of stratocumulus cloud decks in the southeast Atlantic. We evaluated the simulations of long‐range transport of BB aerosol by the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS‐5) and four other global aerosol models over the complete South African‐Atlantic region using Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) observations to find any distinguishing or common model biases. Models, in general, captured the vertical distribution of aerosol over land but exhibited some common features after long‐range transport of smoke plumes that were distinct from that of CALIOP. Most importantly, the model‐simulated BB aerosol plumes quickly descend to lower levels just off the western coast of the continent, while CALIOP data suggest that smoke plumes continue their horizontal transport at elevated levels above the marine boundary layer. This is crucial because the sign of simulated aerosol semidirect effect can change depending on whether the bulk of the absorbing aerosols is present within or above the cloud levels in a model. The levels to which the aerosol plumes get subsided and the steepness of their descent vary amongst the models and amongst the different subregions of the domain. Investigations into possible causes of differences between GEOS‐5 and CALIOP aerosol transport over the ocean revealed a minimal role of aerosol removal process representation in the model as opposed to model dynamics.
How phyllosilicate mineral structure affects fault strength in Mg‐rich fault systems
Authors: Sánchez‐Roa C. , Faulkner D. R. , Boulton C. , Jimenez‐Millan J. , Nieto F.
Published: May 2017

The clay mineralogy of fault gouges has important implications for the frictional properties of faults, often identified as a major factor contributing to profound fault weakness. This work compares the frictional strength of a group of Mg‐rich minerals common in the Mg‐Al‐Si‐O compositional space (talc, saponite, sepiolite, and palygorskite) by conducting triaxial frictional tests with water or argon as pore fluid. The studied minerals are chemically similar but differ in their crystallographic structure. Results show that fibrous Mg‐rich phyllosilicates are stronger than their planar equivalents. Frictional strength in this group of minerals is highly influenced by strength of the atomic bonds, continuity of water layers within the crystals, and interactions of mineral surfaces with water molecules, all of which are dictated by crystal structure. The formation and stability of the minerals studied are mainly controlled by small changes in pore fluid chemistry, which can lead to significant differences in fault strength.
The interplanetary magnetic field observed by Juno enroute to Jupiter
Authors: Gruesbeck Jacob R. , Gershman Daniel J. , Espley Jared R. , Connerney John E. P.
Published: May 2017

The Juno spacecraft was launched on 5 August 2011 and spent nearly 5 years traveling through the inner heliosphere on its way to Jupiter. The Magnetic Field Investigation was powered on shortly after launch and obtained vector measurements of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) at sample rates from 1 to 64 samples/second. The evolution of the magnetic field with radial distance from the Sun is compared to similar observations obtained by Voyager 1 and 2 and the Ulysses spacecraft, allowing a comparison of the radial evolution between prior solar cycles and the current depressed one. During the current solar cycle, the strength of the IMF has decreased throughout the inner heliosphere. A comparison of the variance of the normal component of the magnetic field shows that near Earth the variability of the IMF is similar during all three solar cycles but may be less at greater radial distances.
Survey of Voyager plasma science ions at Jupiter: 3. Protons and minor ions
Authors: Bodisch K. M. , Dougherty L. P. , Bagenal F.
Published: May 2017

When the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft flew through the Jovian system in March and July 1979, the Plasma Science instruments measured ions and electrons in the Io plasma torus and plasma sheet between 4.9 and 42 RJ. The dominant ions in the Jovian magnetosphere comprise the first few ionization states of atomic sulfur and oxygen. We present here an analysis of minor ion species H+, Na+, and SO2+. Protons are 1–20% of the plasma between 5 and 30 RJ with variable temperatures ranging by a factor of 10 warmer or colder than the heavy ions. We suggest that these protons, measured deep inside the magnetosphere, are consistent with a source from the ionosphere of ~1.5–7.5 × 1027 protons s−1 (2.5–13 kg/s). Na+ ions are detected between 5 and 40 RJ at an abundance of 1 to 10%, produced by the ionization of the extended neutral cloud emanating from Io that has been observed since 1974. SO2+ ions are detected between 5.31 and 5.07 RJ at an abundance of 0.1–0.6%. These ions clearly come from the plasma interaction with Io's atmosphere, but the exact processes whereby atmospheric molecules escape Io and end up as ions well inside Io's orbit are not clear.
Simulations of the ionospheric annual asymmetry: Sun‐Earth distance effect
Authors: Dang Tong , Wang Wenbin , Burns Alan , Dou Xiankang , Wan Weixing , Lei Jiuhou
Published: May 2017

It has been suggested that the difference of the Sun‐Earth distance between the December and June solstices has a great impact on the ionospheric annual asymmetry. In this study, the physical mechanisms of the Sun‐Earth distance effects on the ionospheric annual asymmetry are investigated using Thermosphere‐Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model simulations. The main findings are the following: (1) The Sun‐Earth distance affects the ionospheric annual asymmetry mainly through photochemical processes. (2) During the daytime, this photochemical process results from the combined effect of ionization rate of atomic oxygen and the recombination with neutral species. The solar irradiation variation between December and June directly leads to about 6% December‐June electron density difference via ionization of atomic oxygen, whereas the recombination with neutral composition contributes to 12%–15% December‐June electron density difference. (3) In the plasma fountain‐prominent region (between 20° and 40° magnetic latitude), ambipolar diffusion can also be modulated by the Sun‐Earth distance effect and contribute to the ionospheric annual asymmetry. (4) During the nighttime, the Sun‐Earth distance effect impacts the annual asymmetry by changing thermospheric composition and ionospheric diffusion.
The Development of Aggression from Early Childhood to Adulthood
Authors: Tremblay Richard E. , Côté Sylvana M. , Salla Julie , Michel Gregory
Published: May 2017

This chapter describes the state of knowledge on the development of physical aggression from early childhood to adulthood. Using recent longitudinal studies from birth onwards, the authors describe developmental trajectories of physical aggression and indirect aggression, their association during development, and their association with other behavior problems such as hyperactivity, inattention, opposition, and conduct disorder. The chapter also discusses important issues concerning research on aggression, such as the definition of aggression, the functions of aggression (proactive aggression and reactive aggression), and sex differences.
Cognitive–Behavioral Factors and Anger in the Occurrence of Aggression and Violence
Authors: Novaco Raymond W.
Published: May 2017

Aggression is harm‐doing behavior, and violence is physical aggression having societal significance. Aggressive behavior has survival preservation and extended social system value functions. The acquisition, development, and maintenance of aggression can be understood in terms of cognitive social information processing. Human aggression is largely shaped and sustained by cognitive networks and is typically driven by anger, an affective response to survival threats or otherwise stressful experiences and demarcated by neurophysiological arousal and antagonistic cognitions, such as hostile attributions. Threat perception is intrinsic to anger activation. Cognitive processing of provoking experiences can alternatively prolong or disengage anger, the behavioral expression of which is governed by social rules. Anger dysregulation heightens violence and is present in various forms of psychopathology. Violent behavior can be reduced by cognitive–behavioral interventions that target perception and processing of aversive experiences, foster prosocial skills, and enhance anger self‐regulation.