bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Making of the Fulbright Program, 1946–1961
Authors: Johnson Lonnie R.
Published: January 2020

The Fulbright program was an unprecedented and innovative enterprise that laid the foundations for development of international education in the United States and abroad after World War II. After its inception in 1946, it rapidly became the best-known and largest educational exchange program in the world. This chapter analyzes the experiences and ideas that informed J. William Fulbright’s initial conception of the program as well as the ingenuity of its statutory basis, funding models, and unique organizational architecture. It also looks at the inherent tensions between educational exchange and propaganda and the impacts of partisan and bureaucratic politics on its administration, and it places the program in the larger institutional and political context of the evolution of US public diplomacy during the first two decades of the Cold War.
Fulbright Women in the Global Intellectual Elite
Authors: Bettie Molly
Published: January 2020

Since 1946, the Fulbright program has offered women opportunities to expand their horizons and engage with the global intellectual elite. In turn, they have contributed a great deal to the exchange program, as participants, administrators, and accompanying spouses of grantees. This chapter explores the history of women in the Fulbright program, chronicling their achievements across each of these roles, and highlighting case studies of remarkable Fulbright women throughout the program’s history.
JFK and de Gaulle
Authors: McLaughlin Sean J.
Published: January 2020

This book explores French president Charles de Gaulle’s frank, persistent, and discrete campaign to dissuade President Kennedy from expanding the American military/economic aid program in Vietnam from their first summit meeting between in May 1961 up until Kennedy green-lit a coup against South Vietnamese president Ngo Dinh Diem in the late summer of 1963. There were many thorny issues that complicated the Franco-American relationship in the early 1960s—ranging from nuclear policy, British entry into the European Economic Community (EEC), and conditions for negotiating with Moscow—but Vietnam was the one case where de Gaulle was unquestionably right and Kennedy terribly wrong in hindsight. Kennedy’s decision to ignore de Gaulle on this matter was far costlier than any other, setting off a chain of events that resulted in the deaths of over 58,000 American soldiers, turned hundreds of thousands of Vietnamese into refugees, and dealt a massive blow to American prestige across the globe. Despite de Gaulle’s efforts to constructively share French experience and use his resources to help engineer an American exit, the Kennedy administration responded to his peace initiatives with bitter silence and inaction. In the end, the Kennedy administration assumed that it was uniquely qualified to win “hearts and minds” in the Third World, while the discredited imperialists in the Élysée in Paris had lost their right to formulate Western policy in Southeast Asia by virtue of a long string of humiliating military defeats in their former colonies.
Making the Best of It
Authors: McLaughlin Sean J.
Published: January 2020

This chapter covers the period from the end of the Franco-American summit in June 1961 to the Cuban Missile Crisis in October 1962. During this juncture the policy dispute over Vietnam was neither the biggest stumbling block in the Franco-American relationship nor one that had come out into the open, but it certainly was a festering source of mutual dissatisfaction. The White House, increasingly annoyed with French “obstructionism” and unable to see beyond a perception that de Gaulle harbored wartime grudges with the “Anglo-Saxons” and was reflexively anti-American, expected little from another presidential tete-à-tete and constantly rebuffed French efforts to restore some civility. Voices in the American bureaucracy moderately sympathetic to French aims were either removed or marginalized and the American embassy in Saigon emerged as a particularly hostile voice against French policy in Vietnam. The hardening of American policy toward France grew to the point that Kennedy privately admitted in mid-1962 that he had completely given up on finding any common ground with de Gaulle. Distrustful of French motives, the administration dismissed evidence of growing French influence on both sides of the 17th parallel and signs that de Gaulle actually had the high-level connections necessary to begin negotiating a solution to the war.
Potential
Authors: Lee Peter
Published: January 2020

Almost every two-year-old horse has potential; they are just starting their racing careers, and anything can happen. Bid starts slowly as a two-year-old, winning his first two races and losing his next two. Although other horses grab the spotlight first, Bid begins to show promise, winning several stakes races en route to grabbing the Eclipse Award for Outstanding Two-Year-Old Male Horse.
Epilogue
Authors: Lee Peter
Published: January 2020

The epilogue wraps up the stories of Spectacular Bid and his entourage and chronicles the Triple Crown drought that occurred after Bid’s failed attempt, along with a decline in the popularity of horse racing.
Introduction
Authors: Mikolashek Jon B.
Published: January 2020

The chapter introduces George S. Patton as a relatively junior Army officer and focuses on his exploits in Mexico hunting Pancho Villa and his relationship with John J. Pershing. Patton leads the first motorized infantry action in United States military history.
Patton’s marriage to Beatrice Ayer is also introduced and his push for an assignment with the American Expeditionary Force in World War I.
Without his experience in Mexico and in World War I, Patton would have developed into a commander much different from the one that is celebrated for his performance in World War II.
The Tank Master
Authors: Mikolashek Jon B.
Published: January 2020

Patton, after transferring to the United States Tank Corps, is now the head of the nation’s first light tank school. He has yet to develop the reputation for training he will attain by 1938 and show in the lead-up to American entry into World War II. In many ways this position will be the most important in Patton’s career. How he performs will make or break his career.
Patton selects the land for the tank school and begins to develop the training center and fight for more officers and soldiers. The tank school slowly builds a cadre of instructors and students, but a lack of tanks slows training.
Conclusion
Authors: Mikolashek Jon B.
Published: January 2020

Prior to the Great War, George S. Patton was a lowly lieutenant known more for his personal wealth than for military ability. World War I changed all that. Always a driven and intrepid solider, Patton was a decent peacetime officer, but in peace he had no chance to rise through the ranks. World War I offered Patton a chance to prove his abilities to his superiors, his family, and, more important, himself. The war taught Patton how to organize, how to command, and how to lead men in battle and make them do things they did not want to do.
Without his experience in World War I, Patton would never have learned how to prepare and lead men for war, and without this knowledge there would have been no dashing Third Army commander to help win World War II.
Building Ho's Army
Authors: Li Xiaobing
Published: January 2020

As a Communist state bordering Vietnam, China actively supported Ho Chi Minh’s wars against France in 1950–1954 and then America in 1965–1970. This book uses new Communist sources to offer an unprecedented Chinese military perspective on the Vietnam War. By documenting the level of Chinese military assistance to Vietnam, it reveals the extent to which the Chinese support of Ho’s military and political objective in the wars was a crucial and indispensable factor in North Vietnam’s victory. The study offers an overview and the particulars of Chinese aid to Ho’s army, or PAVN, in terms of training, weaponry, logistics, advisors, and technology during its transformative years of 1950–1956 in depth and detail based on a foundation of multiple documentary sources, memoirs, interviews, and secondary sources both in China and in Vietnam. With Chinese assistance, the PAVN experienced three important transformative changes from a peasant, rebellion force to a regular, national army. In retrospect, international Communist support to North Vietnam proved to be the decisive edge that enabled the PAVN, or NVA, to survive the American Rolling Thunder bombing campaign and helped the NLF, also known as the Viet Cong, to prevail in the war of attrition and eventually defeat South Vietnam. An international perspective may help students and the public in the West to gain a better understanding of America’s long war.
Meta-conceivability
Authors: Corkum Philip ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2020

In addition to conceiving of such imaginary scenarios as those involving philosophical zombies, we may conceive of such things being conceived. Call these higher order conceptions ‘meta-conceptions’. Sorensen (2006) holds that one can entertain a meta-conception without thereby conceiving of the embedded lower-order conception. So it seems that I can meta-conceive possibilities which I cannot conceive. If this is correct, then meta-conceptions provide a counter-example to the claim that possibility entails conceivability. Moreover, some of Sorensen’s discussion suggests the following argument: if the conceivability of some proposition entails its possibility, then the meta-conceivability of some proposition entails its possibility; but we can meta-conceive impossibilities; so conceivability doesn’t entail possibility. In this paper, I’ll argue that one cannot entertain a meta-conception without thereby conceiving of the embedded lower-order conception. And so we can neither meta-conceive impossibilities nor meta-conceive possibilities of which we cannot thereby conceive.
A New Hope for Philosophers’ Appeal to Intuition
Authors: Szmuc Damián Enrique ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2020

Some recent researches in experimental philosophy have posed a problem for philosophers’ appeal to intuition (hereinafter referred to as PAI); the aim of this paper is to offer an answer to this challenge. The thesis against PAI implies that, given some experimental results, intuition does not seem to be a reliable epistemic source, and —more importantly— given the actual state of knowledge about its operation, we do not have sufficient resources to mitigate its errors and thus establish its reliability. That is why PAI is hopeless. Throughout this paper I will defend my own conception of PAI, which I have called the Deliberative Conception, and consequently, I will defend intersubjective agreement as a means to mitigate PAI errors, offering empirical evidence from recent studies on the Argumentative Theory of Reason that favor the conception I defend here. Finally, I will reply to some objections that might arise against the Deliberative Conception, which will lead me to discuss some metaphilosophical issues that are significantly relevant for the future of the dispute about the appeal to intuition.
Wittgenstein and Surrealism
Authors: Gitsoulis Chrysoula ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2020

There are two aspects to Wittgenstein’s method of deconstructing pseudo-philosophical problems that need to be distinguished: (1) describing actual linguistic practice, and (2) constructing hypothetical ‘language-games’. Both methods were, for Wittgenstein, indispensable means of clarifying the ‘grammar’ of expressions of our language – i.e., the appropriate contexts for using those expressions – and thereby dissolving pseudo-philosophical problems. Though (2) is often conflated with (1), it is important to recognize that it differs from it in imprtant respects. (1) can be seen as functioning as a direct method of ‘proof’ (i.e., attempt to convince the reader of some thesis), and (2) as an indirect method of ‘proof’ – proof by reduction ad absurdum. This essay will be devoted to clarifying (2) by forging an analogy with surrealism in art.
The Music Road: An Expedition across Time and Space
Authors: Strohm Reinhard
Published: January 2020

The introduction first explains the relationship of the book to the discourse of the ‘Silk Road’, the western half of which is discussed here. It is differently related to Europe than the eastern one. The ‘music road’ metaphor emphasizes the historical and geographical flux of cultures across this region, justifying the keywords of diversity and yet, coherence in musical developments. The topics covered in the book are then gathered under three cultural paradigms: mobility, transmission in time, East–West imagination. The last-named is proposed as a more sensitive term for attitudes formerly subsumed under ‘orientalism’. An extended survey of the topic of all individual chapters reveals many different forms of transfers, connections, bridges and also disruptions in the musics of this special world region.
Sonic Entanglements, Visual Records and the Gandhāran Nexus
Authors: Curie Gabriela
Published: January 2020

Visual representations of music-making from ancient Gandhāra—a region in today’s north-western Pakistan and eastern Afghanistan—bear witness to the early dissemination of music instruments and iconographic practices, as part of the intellectual and artistic exchanges along Eurasian trade routes during the early centuries of the Common Era. At the intersection of cultural spheres—Buddhist, Hellenistic and Zoroastrian; Indian and Persian; Kuṣāṇa, Parthian and Indo-Scythian—Gandhāran musical culture offers one perfect, albeit challenging, example of a nexus of transcultural expression. The entangled organological and iconographical histories embedded in Gandhāran artefacts lend themselves to transcultural analysis, and to the understanding of pre-modern processes of musical globalisation, encounter, exchange and hybridisation or entanglement. Since the Gandhāran world partakes in the networks of the Silk Roads as both a ‘receiver’ and ‘transmitter’ of culture, it seems to display cultural cosmopolitanism par excellence: a nexus of both centripetal and centrifugal transcultural music-iconographical and organological negotiations.
Samāᶜ Intertwined in Practice: Eight Treatises from the 9th to the 15th Centuries
Authors: Nielson Lisa
Published: January 2020

In the 9th century, Ibn Abi al-Dūnya’s treatise the Dhamm al-Malahi (Censure of Instruments of Diversion) was among the first to argue that samāᶜ (listening), specifically the act of listening to music, was not allowable under religious law. The question of listening had already appeared in other treatises concerned with music but became subject to deeper scrutiny from the 9th century onward. Samāᶜ has been studied as it relates to music and Sufism, yet how different uses and definitions of samāᶜ intertwined in practice has not been thoroughly investigated. To consider these intersections, this essay uses a collection of treatises concerned with samāᶜ held at the National Library of Israel, ranging from the 9th to the mid-15th century. Although all are aligned against listening, these treatises paint a vivid picture of the musical landscape of the medieval Islamicate world, and how the blending of different musical expressions influenced music discourses.
Musical Instruments and World History: A Case Study of the Guitar in the Republic of Turkey
Authors: Dawe Kevin
Published: January 2020

This chapter present a preliminary study of the emergence of the guitar in the music, culture and society of Turkey, a transcontinental Republic founded in 1923, noting also the instrument’s presence within Ottoman music culture. It argues that the rise of the guitar in Turkey constitutes a transformative moment in the history of the instrument, if not Turkish music, with the emergence and development of local playing styles and physical modifications made to suit local musical practices, aspirations and sensibilities. Crucially, in reaching back to the near past, the study employs both ethnographic and oral historical techniques of research, including in-depth interviews with key musicians, whilst also drawing attention to the importance of the past—its interpretation, negotiation, contestation and fabrication—in the present.
Orientalism in the Art Music of the Ionian Islands
Authors: Kardamis Kostas
Published: January 2020

The Ionian Islands were at an early stage cut off from the Eastern Roman Empire, experienced the changes that came with the Renaissance, actively participated in the Enlightenment and were in contact with the multifarious ideologies of the 19th century. These factors transformed their art music, which followed the ‘western’ trends. In this context, ‘orientalism’ appeared as an additional creative element in certain indigenous composers’ works. Its use ranged from the stereotypical ‘western’ approach regarding the Orient to the employment of ‘oriental’ elements as media of political (especially during the struggles for the Islands’ annexation to the Greek Kingdom), national (as a conventional ‘Greek characteristic’) and social statements, and as a way for the works’ entrepreneurial promotion to a larger audience. The chapter discusses these changing—and often concurrent and diverging—attitudes through case studies; it stresses that ‘orientalism’ never became a compositional fixation for Ionian Islands composers.
In Pursuit of Liberty of Conscience: A Seventeenth-Century Response to Augustine’s Confessions
Authors: Van Hyning Victoria
Published: January 2020

This chapter unpacks a highly significant and unusual example of a post-English Civil War era Catholic woman’s conversion narrative. Catherine Holland was the daughter of Sir John Holland, a moderate Protestant parliamentary politician, and Alathea Sandys, a Catholic. During her teens and twenties Holland began to feel drawn to Catholic doctrine and practice, and at the age of twenty-five she ran away from home to join the Nazareth convent where she soon after authored a conversion narrative modelled on Augustine’s Confessions. The unique manuscript of ‘How I Came to Change My Religion’ also contains prayers and lists, all of which have been provided in their entirety as an appendix to this volume. This chapter charts Holland’s literary response to Confessions and developments in her self-fashioning through this literature as well as translations written during more than five decades at the convent. This chapter and edition provide unprecedented access to a significant early modern writer who was willing to defy parents, Protestant bishops, and reluctant Jesuits in order to achieve ‘liberty of conscience’ and ‘escape the slavery of marriage’. The edition may be particularly valuable to teachers and students studying conversion narratives, women’s writing, gender, and Confessions.
Accounting, Chronicling, and Subsumed Autobiography
Authors: Van Hyning Victoria
Published: January 2020

This chapter attends to the complex interplay between a convent’s financial and spiritual health, arguing that the sustained emphasis and anxieties about convent finances within the first anonymous stint of the ‘Chronicles of Nazareth’ stem from the author’s complex fiduciary responsibilities. Using a combined analysis of prosopographical, manuscript, and textual data, this chapter argues that Grace Constable, long-term financial officer and Subprioress of Nazareth, was the first chronicler of the convent and that her financial responsibilities, the convent’s precarious beginning, and her learning a proper form of accounting directly resulted in her creation of the chronicle. Constable’s stint is a radically different example of subsumed autobiography from that presented in the previous chapter, concerning the ‘Chronicle of St Monica’s’. The legacy of her historical, financial, and spiritual accounting practices trickles down through the centuries of the ‘Chronicles of Nazareth’, as subsequent generations attempted to account for their convent’s fortunes and hardships.
La rehabilitación de la condición de funcionario tras condena penal. Un análisis a la luz de los principios rectores de la potestad punitiva
Authors: Gili Pascual Antoni
Published: January 2020

En relación con las penas de inhabilitación para el ejercicio de la función pública, a menudo la atención del penalista termina en el momento de su imposición. Sin embargo, la fase de ejecución e incluso la fase posterior al cumplimiento de su efecto temporal sigue planteando cuestiones de enorme relevancia, pues estas penas se ven afectadas por disposiciones legales y reglamentarias capaces de acabar perfilando, en el fondo, su propio contenido, como se estudia en este trabajo. Tal es el caso de la normativa que regula hoy la rehabilitación administrativa del funcionario, representada fundamentalmente por el R.D. 2669/1998, de 11 de diciembre. Teniendo en cuenta la unidad de la potestad punitiva del Estado y los principios fundamentales que deben limitarla, como la prohibición de bis in ídem, el presente artículo revisa los criterios actualmente establecidos en dicha regulación. Desentrañar en qué cabe legítimamente fundamentar —si es que cabe hacerlo— esta posibilidad excepcional de reincorporar al servicio público, por decisión administrativa, a quien fue condenado por sentencia penal firme a quedar excluido definitivamente de ella, constituye en este trabajo el paso previo para poder efectuar después, de forma razonada, dicha revisión crítica. El artículo evidencia que, al igual que ocurre con otras instituciones penales utilitarias de nuestro ordenamiento, como puede ser, salvando las distancias, el caso del indulto, también la rehabilitación de la condición de funcionario requiere una reinterpretación de su fundamento acorde con los principios constitucionales, conforme a la cual adaptar después su regulación y funcionamiento. With penalties involving disqualification from public office, legal experts’ attention comes to an end once the sentence has been imposed. However, the execution phase and even the phase following compliance with its temporary effects continue to raise issues of huge relevance, since these sentences are affected by legal provisions and regulations which can basically finally shape their actual content, as studied in this paper. This is the case of the legislation that today regulates civil servants’ re-admittance to the public administration, mainly represented by Spanish Royal Decree 2669/1998, of December 11th. Bearing in mind the unity of the State’s ius puniendi and the fundamental principles that must limit the said right, like the non bis in idem principle, this paper reviews the current criteria that regulate these limits. It strives to determine the legitimate grounds, if they do indeed exist, for that exceptional possibility in which someone who has been finally sentenced to perpetual disqualification should be re-admitted to public service under an administrative ruling. This is followed by a reasoned critical review of the situation.
Conductas típicas en el delito de atentado contra el personal de seguridad privada: algunas propuestas para su interpretación
Authors: Villalba López Noel
Published: January 2020

Este artículo expone las dificultades interpretativas que presentan las conductas típicas del delito de atentado contra el personal de seguridad privada. Se propone una determinada interpretación de los verbos típicos a partir de un triple análisis del delito en relación con su bien jurídico protegido, el tenor literal de su precepto regulador y su relación con el delito de atentado «clásico».This paper accounts for the interpretative problems arising from the conducts defined as criminal in the crime of attack against private security staff members. A three-pronged study of the legal interest protected therewith, the precept’s wording and its relation with the classic crime of attack against authorities, agents thereof or public servants provides for an interpretative proposal of such conducts.
La idea de proporción y sus implicaciones en la dogmática penal
Authors: Guzmán Dalbora José Luis
Published: January 2020

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40 AÑOS DE CRIMINOLOGÍA EN LA UNED. La Criminología en España y la necesidad de la implantación del Grado en Criminología en la UNED
Authors: Lacruz López Juan Manuel , Melendo Pardos Mariano , Serrano Tárraga María Dolores
Published: January 2020

El presente artículo se corresponde en su mayor parte con la memoria justificativadel Grado en Criminología por la UNED presentada ante la ANECA para la validación de los estudios.
The soundscape of Islamic populism
Authors: Basdurak Nil
Published: January 2020

Focusing on the failed coup attempt organized by a faction within the Turkish Armed Forces on July 15, 2016, this paper examines the soundscape of Islamic populism (Hadiz, 2016) as embraced by Turkey’s ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) and its affective-auditory publics. Drawing on Althusser’s theories of ideology and interpellation concerning the Islamic call (Spadola, 2014), I explore AKP’s strategic use of Islamic sound as affect in governmentalizing urban space in order to understand the role that sound played in galvanizing support against the attempted coup. During the first twenty-four hours of the coup attempt, systematically regenerating discursive modes of Islamic rhetoric and sounds, utilizing the narratives of democracy, nationalism, and treachery to mobilize its publics, AKP re-cultivated the already existing polarized identity politics and recreated the sectarian spaces of belonging and otherness. I argue that AKP’s appropriation of sonic and aural qualities of Islam – particularly the public recitation of Sala (a form of Islamic call) – purposefully rechannelled the “ethical listening” (Hirschkind, 2006) of pious selves into a politically (re)functionalized listening in the populist reproduction of an Islamic soundscape. Such reproduction of the urban soundscape was responded to in a variety of ways by the mobilized auditory publics in service of the party while creating silenced private spaces of opposition.

 

NB: The article contains sound examples. In order to listen to embedded audio files, you must first download the pdf file and then open it with Adobe Acrobat.
La represión franquista en los manuales escolares: el problemático tratamiento de un tema histórico conflictivo
Authors: Fuertes Muñoz Carlos , Ibáñez Domingo Mélanie
Published: January 2020

Este artículo analiza de forma panorámica el tratamiento de la represión franquista en los manuales escolares españoles de educación secundaria y bachillerato de los últimos veinticinco años. Se parte de la siguiente premisa: el tratamiento educativo de un pasado conflictivo como el del franquismo, y en particular, de la represión, es fundamental en la construcción de la cultura democrática entre las nuevas generaciones. En este sentido, el artículo focaliza su atención en las carencias interpretativas y metodológicas apreciables en los libros de texto publicados bajo la vigencia de las leyes educativas LOGSE, LOE y LOMCE.
Educación no formal. El papel del profesorado en las visitas didácticas a los museos
Authors: González González José-Manuel , Becerra Traver María-Teresa
Published: January 2020

Los museos, desde hace décadas, imbuidos de las ventajas de la didáctica, reciben cada vez a más escolares. Sin embargo, hay escasos estudios que nos hablen de las acciones que llevan a cabo los profesores cuando, con sus alumnos, visitan un museo. En este trabajo queremos conocer en qué medida el profesorado o los maestros y maestras se involucran en todo lo que rodea la actividad de visitar un museo. A través de la cumplimentación de una encuesta en Extremadura se ha hallado que el profesorado realiza un trabajo previo y posterior a la visita, aunque pueda haber cierta parcialidad en sus respuestas.
Articulaciones de la Estética y el Diseño. El caso de la evaluación a partir de la investigación dirigida en la carrera de Diseño Escénico de la Universidad de las Artes de Cuba
Authors: Roriguez Venegas Mara , Romero Rojas Xiomara
Published: January 2020

En este texto analizamos el papel de la evaluación a partir de la investigación dirigida (ID) en la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la Estética en la carrera de Diseño Escénico. Para ello ubicamos algunas notas como antecedentes de la ID, indagamos en el concepto de formación estética como claves de esta propuesta, y por último, valoramos la aplicación de esta metodología a través de trabajos de jóvenes de dicha carrera. Concluimos con que la implementación de la evaluación como ID permite la fundamentación los trabajos de los estudiantes acorde al entorno cultural y social que los rodea.
When is Architecture Not Design?
Authors: Fisher Saul
Published: January 2020

If there’s nothing more to architecture than design, and to its attendant thinking processes than design thinking, then core dimensions of the enterprise from production and use angles have no special character over and above their counterparts in general design.  Yet that does not appear to be true by the lights of architects or design specialists or the public at large.  So what is it, at the core or periphery of the discipline or its objects, that makes architecture not design?  The ways in which architecture and design constitute artistic enterprises, drawing on and promoting aesthetic interest, differ such that architecture is not, or at least not only, a branch of or variation on design generally construed.
Hidden long-range memories of growth and cycle speed correlate cell cycles in lineage trees
Authors: Kuchen Erika E , Becker Nils B , Claudino Nina , Höfer Thomas
Published: January 2020

Cell heterogeneity may be caused by stochastic or deterministic effects. The inheritance of regulators through cell division is a key deterministic force, but identifying inheritance effects in a systematic manner has been challenging. Here, we measure and analyze cell cycles in deep lineage trees of human cancer cells and mouse embryonic stem cells and develop a statistical framework to infer underlying rules of inheritance. The observed long-range intra-generational correlations in cell-cycle duration, up to second cousins, seem paradoxical because ancestral correlations decay rapidly. However, this correlation pattern is naturally explained by the inheritance of both cell size and cell-cycle speed over several generations, provided that cell growth and division are coupled through a minimum-size checkpoint. This model correctly predicts the effects of inhibiting cell growth or cycle progression. In sum, we show how fluctuations of cell cycles across lineage trees help in understanding the coordination of cell growth and division.
Child Soldiers versus Children in Terrorist Groups
Authors: Bloom Mia
Published: January 2020

Much of the literature thus far has tended to aggregate child soldiers with child terrorists. This chapter distinguishes between child soldiers and children involved in terrorist organizations focusing on the areas in which the two phenomena diverge. After describing key cases from history, the chapter will take a theoretical approach to understanding children and terrorism as a function of a “substitution effect” (from economic theory) that children step in when adults are no longer available to perform the same tasks and contrast it with a competitive adaptation model in which terrorist organizations adapt to changing circumstances and exploit children as a tactical innovation.
Experiences, Apprenticeships, and Careers in Terror
Authors: Bloom Mia
Published: January 2020

This chapter focuses on children’s experiences of engagement. It examines the multitude of roles, functions and ‘jobs’ that children have in terrorist movements and describes the progression from one kind of role to another.
These accounts will be examined within Hundeide’s ‘communities of practice’ framework that has been especially important in explaining the graduation from ‘novice’ to ‘expert’ through a gradual but incremental process of socialization.
Leaving Terrorism Behind
Authors: Bloom Mia
Published: January 2020

In several countries including Singapore, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan, rehabilitation programs dedicated specifically to children seek to reduce the risk that children rescued from terrorist groups may re-enter those groups upon release from detention. The capture or rescue of child militants poses exceptional social and legal challenges, and some extraordinary efforts are underway to help children reintegrate into the communities from which they were recruited or coerced into involvement.
The chapter explores the various push and pull factors that are at the heart of the disengagement process, and will explore these especially in light of the core psychological dynamics at play in the initial involvement pathways.
Introduction
Authors: Albrecht Glenn A.
Published: January 2020

The Introduction examines the role of human emotions in shaping the cultural forces related to the human-nature relationship. These emotions sit within the poles of what are conceptualized as terraphthora (earth destroyer) and terranascia (earth creator) forces. It is argued that both types of emotion are important, but that for humans to have survived and grown in global population, the terranascient emotions must have prevailed. The Introduction examines Australian Aboriginal people as possessing one of the oldest, continuous cultures on the planet. Their cosmological, ecological, material and spiritual beliefs are examined as a case study in human endurance on Earth. That globalized humans are losing their emotional bearings in the twenty-first century is examined as a result of the rise of terraphthoran forces. The current tipping point of Earth emotions sets the scene for the rest of the book.
Generation Symbiocene
Authors: Albrecht Glenn A.
Published: January 2020

This chapter puts the case that, although human development pressures and the all-encompassing power of the Anthropocene appear inevitable, they are not, and an optimistic future lies before humanity. The positive emotions and a positive spirituality combined, offer a clear alternative to an ecoapocalypse for people to choose as they chart the future course of their lives in the twenty-first century. A new generation, Generation Symbiocene, schooled in and inspired by new concepts such as the Symbiocene, the Ghedeist and possessing positive Earth emotions will overcome all forms of Anthropocene opposition. The chapter concludes with an invitation for all to enter the Symbiocene and for people in all walks of life to see with profound optimism the contribution they can make to this new era.
Conclusion
Authors: Albrecht Glenn A.
Published: January 2020

This chapter presents an overview and evaluation of all that has been covered in the previous chapters. The power of love in human affairs is given prominence as is the idea that love plus secular spirituality in the form of the Ghedeist is crucial to the future of all humanity. However, as has been the case in other chapters, this chapter has supported the unifying power of human love with the very best of the scientific knowledge gained from the symbiotic revolution in the life and health sciences. The chapter argues that positive human emotional health will coincide with the return of symbiotic health to the Earth in the Symbiocene. It is argued that this re-union of the material and the emotional is the most urgent task ahead for all humans. The chapter concludes that the Earth, as our nurturing home, can wait no longer for us to give back the love it needs to endure.
The Friendly Kings
Authors: Ngoei Wen-Qing
Published: January 2020

This chapter examines Southeast Asia’s imperial transition from Anglo-American predominance to U.S. hegemony between the late 1960s and mid-1970s, a product of British decolonization strategies in Singapore and the growing stability of the arc of containment. As Britain’s military withdrew from Singapore, London established the Five Power Defense Arrangement (FPDA), a security framework for Malaysia, Singapore, Australia and New Zealand, that thwarted the Soviet Union’s hopes of expanding its regional influence beyond Vietnam. At the same time, Southeast Asia’s anticommunist statesmen founded ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) in 1967 and forged increasingly intimate political, economic and military ties with America, stabilizing their regimes and effectively containing Vietnam and China. Moscow and Beijing were cognizant of U.S. dominance in Southeast Asia and keen to thaw relations with Washington, the de facto hegemon despite U.S. policy failures in Indochina.
The Rise and Fall of Labor Reporting
Authors: Martin Christopher
Published: January 2020

Chapter 2 discusses the historical rise and decline of the labor journalism at U.S. newspapers, the one place where the topic of work was regularly covered. At one point in the twentieth century, the New York Times alone employed up to five labor reporters at a time. Although America has an even larger workforce today, the Times has just one labor reporter, and nationally there are only just a handful of labor reporters. This contributes to the invisibility of America’s working class.
The News Media’s Shift to Upscale Audiences
Authors: Martin Christopher
Published: January 2020

Chapter 3 analyzes how the U.S. news media made a significant and devastating shift from targeting a mass audience to an upscale, middle class audience beginning in the late 1960s. The chapter draws on dozens of images of the newspapers’ own advertising aimed at corporate advertisers in the long-time industry publication Editor and Publisher, which illustrate the newspaper industry’s change in direction.
Rethinking News about US Workers
Authors: Martin Christopher
Published: January 2020

Chapter 7 concludes with how journalism might rethink the nature of America’s “job killers” by considering excess executive compensation, private equity, hedge funds, and offshore corporate tax havens as job killers that stockpile wealth and kill the creation of sustainable jobs – the kind of jobs the “Fight for $15” and other movements have advocated. The chapter also features the story of the financial industry’s intentional sabotage of workers, the news media coverage of the 2012 shutdown of Hostess, and the 2018 teacher strikes.The chapter also identifies where journalism can improve its coverage, erase the red-lining of the working class, and make workers visible again.
Introduction
Authors: Kirshner Jonathan , Lewis Jon
Published: January 2020

This introductory chapter situates the New Hollywood in the context of its times and provides an overview of the contributions to the volume. Although the term “New Hollywood” has been variously (and often vaguely) invoked – and of course, every generation can stake a claim to something suggestive of a New Hollywood – we situate the focus here on that subculture of personal, introspective, European-influenced and often auteur-driven films that thrived in the fleeting and tumultuous decade bookended by the collapse of Hollywood’s old self-censorship production code in 1966 and the birth of the blockbuster in 1977.
Douceline of Digne
Authors: Field Sean L.
Published: January 2020

When Beatrice, countess of Provence, faced a dangerous pregnancy around 1261, she turned to the beguine Douceline of Digne, whose prayers were credited with persuading God to grant a safe delivery for the countess. Beatrice, her husband Charles of Anjou, and their court tested Douceline’s reputation for visionary raptures with various physical tortures. According to the Life of Douceline by Felipa of Procelet, Douceline became a kind of court oracle for Charles, most importantly when she assured him that God favoured his plan to accept the papal call to drive out the heirs of the Emperor Frederick II from the kingdom of Sicily. Eventually, however, Douceline’s prophecies turned to warning Charles that he would lose his kingdom if he became ungrateful toward God, events seemingly borne out by the Sicilian Vespers.
Writing Holy Women, 1282–85
Authors: Field Sean L.
Published: January 2020

Chroniclers such as Primat writing about the Capetians in the 1270s made little mention of holy women, but in the 1280s, spurred on by canonization hearings for Louis IX, there was a flurry of literary attempts to shape perception of recent events around Isabelle of France and Elizabeth of Spalbeek, most importantly in writings by Agnes of Harcourt and William of Nangis. Moreover, far to the south the Franciscan chronicler Salimbene wrote of Douceline of Digne as well as the prophecies of an unnamed Italian holy woman concerning Philip III and Charles of Anjou.
Prologue
Authors: Field Sean L.
Published: January 2020

The prologue to part three surveys the reign of Philip IV, focusing in particular on his marriage to Jeanne of Navarre, his military confrontation with Edward I of England, and the string of attacks he launched against French bishops, Pope Boniface VIII, and the Templars.
Paupertas of Metz
Authors: Field Sean L.
Published: January 2020

This chapter highlights the recently-discovered story of a woman called Paupertas, who came from Metz to Lille and gained the trust of King Philip IV and Jeanne of Navarre during peace-making activities at Philip’s siege of Lille. But in 1302, when Philip IV marched north to try to avenge the catastrophic defeat of French forces at the Battle of Courtrai, Paupertas reported a prophecy by which God warned the king of France not to attack the Flemings. After Philip’s embarrassing retreat, his brother, Charles of Valois, had Paupertas arrested and tortured into confessing that she had sought to poison him.
Understanding and Framing the Questions of Trade Union Responses to Immigration and Social Inclusion
Authors: Connolly Heather , Marino Stefania , Lucio Miguel Martínez
Published: January 2020

This chapter provides an overview of the challenges of studying and trying to understand the impact of new forms of immigration on labour and employment relations, considering questions of context and the diverse meanings and strategies of solidarity and inclusion. Having outlined the debates, we then turn our attention to the specific challenges that emerge when we begin to compare the way trade union-immigrant relations have evolved in different national contexts. We argue that this comparative dimension allows us to explain the way different sets of relationships and strategic links between the actors involved may emerge. We put forward an analytical framework for mapping the current and evolving responses of trade unions to immigrant workers, which identifies three trade union logics of action: class, race/ethnicity, and social rights.
Trade Unions and Immigration in the Netherlands
Authors: Connolly Heather , Marino Stefania , Lucio Miguel Martínez
Published: January 2020

This chapter focuses on trade union strategies to represent immigrant and ethnic minority workers in the Netherlands. Since the early 1990s, trade unions in the Netherlands countries started developing policies to better represent the rights of immigrant and ethnic minority workers. Trade unions focused on the labour market inclusion of ethnic minority workers by promoting and supporting initiatives related to education and training, and measures aimed at fighting labour market discriminations. These initiatives were mainly developed through tripartite and bipartite negotiations within an industrial relations system characterised by a strong tradition of social dialogue which also guaranteed a high degree of institutional embeddedness in trade unions. According to the analytical framework presented in Chapter 1, the dominant logic of action of Dutch trade unions was between race/ethnicity and social rights.
Trade Union Responses to Immigration in Europe
Authors: Connolly Heather , Marino Stefania , Lucio Miguel Martínez
Published: January 2020

This chapter explores the challenges of developing trade union responses to immigration at the European level. The issue of immigration is exacerbated at the European level by the search for a common framework of meaning and initiatives in the context of different national experiences and responses. This chapter draws on interviews with trade union officials at the European level and participant observation of initiatives around immigration to consider the way in which trade union policy on immigration has developed. Our research demonstrated that initiatives in European trade unionism were mainly aimed at increasing awareness of the issues surrounding immigration and to share and develop 'good practice' responses in trade unions and to benchmark these responses. One initiative that we document, ETUC's Workplace Europe project.
Clark Kerr
Authors: Schrum Ethan
Published: January 2020

Chapter 2 explores the work of Clark Kerr as a thinker and university leader. It examines the Inter-University Study of Labor Problems in Economic Development directed by Kerr, one of the largest organized research projects in American social science during the postwar years. This study proposed a new theory of industrialism that informed Kerr’s thinking about universities. The Inter-University Study provides a window into its most important institutional contexts: the Institute of Industrial Relations (IIR) at UC Berkeley and the Ford Foundation’s Program in Economic Development and Administration. The chapter describes Kerr’s promotion of ORUs—first at the IIR, which he directed for seven years, and then across the Berkeley campus once he became chancellor. It also shows how his immersion in the administrative science movement shaped his view of the university’s mission. The chapter uncovers the sources of key ideas Kerr set forth in The Uses of the University.
Introduction
Authors: vanden Heuvel William
Published: January 2020

We live in a world in which “delete” is far too easy. This fact compels us to be deliberate in what we save. What survives may not be important, but it is who we are. Memory fades, events unwind, the inevitable stamp of new generations covers over what we have built. Duff Cooper, the British statesman, entitled his memoir ...
Prisons and Prisoners
Authors: vanden Heuvel William
Published: January 2020

This chapter tells the story of Bill vanden Heuvel's work with the New York City prison system. Following riots in the Tombs detention center and a rash of suicides in late 1970, Mayor John Lindsay asked vanden Heuvel to serve as Chair of the Board of Correction, a post he held for three years. During that time, he made numerous proposals to improve conditions in the New York City prison system, developing novel approaches to health care, education, training and living conditions. His legal training gave him an eye for spotting inequities in bail and sentencing procedures, and he worked closely with advocates both inside and outside the prisons to create a system that could be remedial as well as punitive. The chapter includes his speech at a service of concern after deadly riots broke out at Attica State Prison in September 1971. His ideas for improving media coverage of the prisons are presented in his article "The Press and the Prisons," first published in June 1972.
Introduction
Authors: Mendenhall Emily
Published: January 2020

Esther awoke with the sun, paid the bus fare, and arrived early as the gate opened at the district hospital. Patients milled around the specialty clinic waiting room—a porch nestled within tall beams and a tin roof. Esther sat outside along the dusty path that wove through the hospital compound. Some, like Esther, were there seeking care for their diabetes. Some had tuberculosis. Others had cancer. They sat together on the closely spaced benches as cool breeze chilled the air. She wrapped her blanket around her tightly and looked at the other patients....