bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adjustable Robust Optimization via Fourier–Motzkin Elimination
Authors: Zhen Jianzhe , den Hertog Dick , Sim Melvyn
Published: July 2018

We demonstrate how adjustable robust optimization (ARO) problems with fixed recourse can be cast as static robust optimization problems via Fourier–Motzkin elimination (FME). Through the lens of FME, we characterize the structures of the optimal decision rules for a broad class of ARO problems. A scheme based on a blending of classical FME and a simple linear programming technique that can efficiently remove redundant constraints is developed to reformulate ARO problems. This generic reformulation technique enhances the classical approximation scheme via decision rules, and it enables us to solve adjustable optimization problems to optimality. We show via numerical experiments that, for small-sized ARO problems, our novel approach finds the optimal solution. For moderate- or large-sized instances, we eliminate a subset of the adjustable variables, which improves the solutions obtained from linear decision rules.
Quantile-Based Risk Sharing
Authors: Embrechts Paul , Liu Haiyan , Wang Ruodu
Published: July 2018

We address the problem of risk sharing among agents using a two-parameter class of quantile-based risk measures, the so-called range-value-at-risk (RVaR), as their preferences. The family of RVaR includes the value-at-risk (VaR) and the expected shortfall (ES), the two popular and competing regulatory risk measures, as special cases. We first establish an inequality for RVaR-based risk aggregation, showing that RVaR satisfies a special form of subadditivity. Then, the Pareto-optimal risk sharing problem is solved through explicit construction. To study risk sharing in a competitive market, an Arrow–Debreu equilibrium is established for some simple yet natural settings. Furthermore, we investigate the problem of model uncertainty in risk sharing and show that, in general, a robust optimal allocation exists if and only if none of the underlying risk measures is a VaR. Practical implications of our main results for risk management and policy makers are discussed, and several novel advantages of ES over VaR from the perspective of a regulator are thereby revealed.

The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2017.1716 .
Technical Note—Multiproduct Pricing Under the Generalized Extreme Value Models with Homogeneous Price Sensitivity Parameters
Authors: Zhang Heng , Rusmevichientong Paat , Topaloglu Huseyin
Published: July 2018

We consider unconstrained and constrained multiproduct pricing problems when customers choose according to an arbitrary generalized extreme value (GEV) model and the products have the same price sensitivity parameter. In the unconstrained problem, there is a unit cost associated with the sale of each product. The goal is to choose the prices for the products to maximize the expected profit obtained from each customer. We show that the optimal prices of the different products have a constant markup over their unit costs. We provide an explicit formula for the optimal markup in terms of the Lambert-W function. In the constrained problem, motivated by the applications with inventory considerations, the expected sales of the products are constrained to lie in a convex set. The goal is to choose the prices for the products to maximize the expected revenue obtained from each customer, while making sure that the constraints for the expected sales are satisfied. If we formulate the constrained problem by using the prices of the products as the decision variables, then we end up with a nonconvex program. We give an equivalent market-share-based formulation, where the purchase probabilities of the products are the decision variables. We show that the market-share-based formulation is a convex program, the gradient of its objective function can be computed efficiently, and we can recover the optimal prices for the products by using the optimal purchase probabilities from the market-share-based formulation. Our results for both unconstrained and constrained problems hold for any arbitrary GEV model.

The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2018.1740 .
ESCRAVIDÃO CONTEMPORÂNEA NO CAMPO E CIDADES: UM RETRATO DE MINAS GERAIS ENTRE 2000 A 2015
Authors: Ferreira Gustavo Henrique Cepolini , Santos Cleiton Ferreira dos
Published: July 2018

A escravidão é considerada um fenômeno social e territorial que emerge nos primórdios das civilizações antigas, que empregavam o trabalho escravo para a execução de tarefas mais pesadas e rudimentares. No entanto, no decorrer da história, e também na contemporaneidade, pode-se encontrar inúmeras práticas análogas à escravidão. Diante do exposto, estabeleceu-se como objetivo geral estudar o contexto que envolve o trabalho escravo contemporâneo em Minas Gerais, entre o período de 2000 a 2015, para tal visa-se discutir a situação de Minas Gerais diante das ocorrências de trabalho escravo ocorridas. Salienta-se ainda, que a maioria das ocorrências tem origem no campo, devido a fatores socioeconômicos em função da contrarreforma agrária em vigor no país. A abordagem metodológica consistiu em pesquisa bibliográfica, tratamento de dados oriundos do Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego e da Comissão Pastoral da Terra, elaboração de mapas, gráficos e tabelas.  Assim, é possível inferir que o trabalho escravo contemporâneo infringe as legislações e desencadeia um processo perverso na frente pioneira e também em outras regiões do Brasil, respaldado especialmente pelos mecanismos de acumulação primitiva, os quais são incorporados à reprodução ampliada do capital. Por fim, os resultados demostram que nos últimos anos, o número de ocorrências envolvendo trabalhadores em situação de escravidão no Brasil tem diminuído, enquanto que em Minas Gerais constata-se um significativo aumento dos trabalhadores escravos, tanto no campo quanto nos centros urbanos.
Errors Associated with Medications Removed from Automated Dispensing Machines Using Override Function
Authors: Kester Ken , Baxter Jennifer , Freudenthal Kim
Published: July 2018

Automated dispensing machines (ADM) are used in many US hospitals. Nurses are often permitted to remove some medications by using an override function if pharmacists have not yet entered orders for the medications. We reviewed 470 overridden medications to determine whether the medications were removed in accordance with written orders. Fifty-five (11.7%) overridden medications involved variances with written orders, including 47 (85.5% of variances) involving routine orders not appropriately documented, and eight variant removals (14.5% of variances) involving medication errors or near misses. The eight variant removals involved oral medications that were available only when pharmacy staff was not present and all medications were retrievable on override. Errors made when removing medications from ADMs using an override function were more likely when all medications were available for removal, as opposed to when only emergency, pre-procedure, and IV pain medications were available.
An Evaluation of Intravenous Vitamin K for Warfarin Reversal: Are Guideline Recommendations Being Followed?
Authors: Rivosecchi Ryan M. , Garavaglia Jeffrey , Kane-Gill Sandra L.
Published: July 2018

Background

Vitamin K antagonists (eg, warfarin) remain the mainstay of anticoagulation therapy in the United States, with over 22 million prescriptions being filled annually. Unfortunately, warfarin therapy is difficult to manage and increases bleeding risk. The 2012 American College of Chest Physicians guidelines created a warfarin reversal algorithm that suggested the stringent use of intravenous vitamin K.

Objective

The purpose of this evaluation was to determine the rates of adherence with guideline recommendations in clinical practice.

Method

A convenience sample of 3 months of intravenous vitamin K medication administration data (September to November 2013) was obtained to conduct a retrospective review. Patients with underlying hepatic dysfunction or lack of warfarin therapy were excluded. Vitamin K use was evaluated for consistency with the 2012 guidelines.

Results

A total of 364 patients were reviewed and 119 were included. Vitamin K utilization was consistent with guideline recommendations for a total of 30 (25.2%) patients. The most common site of active bleeding requiring reversal was head bleeds, consisting of 56.6% of bleeds. A single dose of 10 mg of vitamin K was the most frequently used dosing strategy. Fresh frozen plasma (73.3%) and four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (36.7%) were the most commonly used factor products.

Conclusion

This evaluation demonstrates that there is a difference between clinical judgment and guideline adherence. True adherence with the guidelines may not be necessary; however, there is room for improvement in both the appropriateness and safety of intravenous vitamin K use.
Use of an Extracellular Matrix Patch for Sternal Wound Dehiscence after Cardiac Surgery in a Neonate
Authors: Boulemden Anas , Speggiorin Simone , Pelella Giuseppe , Lotto Attilio A.
Published: July 2018

Management of sternal wound dehiscence in newborns after cardiac operations can be a slow and lengthy process, during which the risk of progression to deep sternal wound infection and mediastinitis remains a concern. We report the case of a neonate born with single-ventricle physiology who underwent a Damus-Kaye-Stansel procedure as first-stage palliation toward creating Fontan circulation. The postoperative period was characterized by sterile wound dehiscence of the subcutaneous layers. We used a CorMatrix extracellular matrix patch as an adjunct to repair the wound defect. After 7 weeks, the wound had healed with excellent results. To our knowledge, this is the first report of extracellular matrix patch implantation for sternal wound reconstruction in a neonate.
Use of ViperSlide Lubricant to Extract Entrapped Sheath after Severe Radial Artery Spasm during Coronary Angiography
Authors: Fidone Erica , Price Justin , Gupta Rajiv
Published: July 2018

Radial artery spasm is a known complication of transradial cardiac catheterization. However, severe spasm with sheath entrapment is rare. We describe such a case, and the condition's response to an alternative removal method after conventional efforts failed.

A 68-year-old man presented for coronary angiography. We introduced a 5F sheath into the right radial artery, but, because of severe arterial spasm, we could not aspirate blood from the sheath or retract it. We sedated the patient and waited for the spasm to subside; however, the radial sheath remained entrapped. Nitroglycerin injection enabled blood aspiration and vasodilator injection, but not sheath removal. Finally, we injected ViperSlide lubricant into the sheath for its rapid, easy extraction.

When sedation and vasodilator therapy fail, we recommend using ViperSlide for radial sheath removal before applying nerve block or general anesthesia.
Holistic Management of Textile Odor Using Novel Silver-Polymeric Complexes
Authors: Frattarelli Dave , Powers Lisa , Doshi Deepack , Vargo Kevin , Patel Bhavin , Liboon Jennifer , Gallagher Michelle , Monticello Robert , Goeres Darla , Lorenz Lindsey , Buckingham-Meyer Kelli
Published: July 2018

Odor poses a growing concern in clothing and apparel applications due to laundering limitations at managing odor-causing microorganisms. Herein, a novel silver-polymer complex was applied to textile materials and studied using quantitative antimicrobial assays, gas chromatography techniques, and odor panel sensory tests to ascertain odor control function and effectiveness. A known chemical odor pathway involving leucine conversion to isovaleric acid was studied and found to be disrupted in silver-treated fabrics. Furthermore, its odor absorption function was confirmed with up to 90% retention of select thiol and fatty acid odors at body temperature in a model odor bouquet. Lastly, human sensory studies were used to support laboratory odor measurements using seven-day wear trials and milk odor generation techniques after 50 launderings.
Sustainable Denim Yarn: Quality-Cost Analysis and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Optimization
Authors: Wanassi Béchir , Azzouz Béchir , Hassen Mohamed Ben
Published: July 2018

Due to its increasing importance, the circular economy concept has encouraged spinners to produce sustainable products. We investigated the proper use of recycled fiber, from spinning waste, as a low cost and sustainable raw material to spin blended yarn. The increasing ratio of recycled fiber is known to affect the final yarn quality. Compromise between cost and quality of yarn prepared from recycled fibers was approached using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Results show that AHP was a suitable approach to convert a subjective assessment (expert opinion) for an objective decision maker. A mixture of 80% recycled fibers and 20% virgin cotton (Malian) was selected as an optimal raw material to spin blended yarn with, obtaining a better compromise between quality and manufacturing cost.
Experiment Research on Pulverized Coal Combustion in the Tuyere of Oxygen Blast Furnace
Authors: Chai Yi-fan , Zhang Jian-liang , Shao Qiu-jun , Ning Xiao-jun , Wang Kai-di
Published: July 2018

The actual combustion rate of pulverized coal in the blast furnace tuyere is hard to be measured. In this research, the combustion rate of pulverized coal injected into oxygen blast furnace was obtained by a new equipment. This equipment can simulate the actual blast furnace well, and the relationship between pulverized coal injection (PCI) ratio and AO/C
was established by mathematical deduction. The experimental results show that the best combustibility of the four pulverized coals is C, and when the coal injection ratio is 350 kg/tHM, the combustion rate can be reached 79%, while the combustion rate of B in the same case is only 45.6%. With the increase of AO/C
, the relative amount of oxygen to coal increases, the combustion conditions become better, and combustion rate of the pulverized coal increases. In addition, under the condition of high temperature and rapid combustion, with the increase of coal’s volatile, the combustion rate increases and the corresponding PCI ratio is also increased. By using the new equipment, the unburned coal under the oxygen blast furnace conditions can be collected for further study.
Phosphate Capacities of CaO–FeO–SiO2–Al2O3/Na2O/TiO2 Slags
Authors: Li Fengshan , Li Xianpeng , Zhang Yanling , Gao Ming
Published: July 2018

To effectively increase the dephosphorization efficiency of hot metals or the previous stage in the converter steelmaking process, phosphate capacities

(

C

P
O

4

3
−

)

{\rm{(}}{{\rm{C}}_{{\rm{PO}}_4^{3 - }}})

of CaO–FeO–SiO2–Al2O3/Na2O/TiO2 slags at 1300–1400°C were examined by laboratory experiments using equilibrating slag and pure solid iron foil. The data suggested that

(

C

P
O

4

3
−

)

{\rm{(}}{{\rm{C}}_{{\rm{PO}}_4^{3 - }}})

increases with decreasing temperature and increasing slag basicity. Compared to basicity, temperature considerably affected the phosphate capacities and tended to be the most important factor. The phosphate capacities of slag considerably decreased at a high temperature of 1400°C even under high binary basicity as well as high contents of Na2O and FeO. Moreover, with the increase in the content of FeO and Al2O3 in the slag,

(

C

P
O

4

3
−

)

{\rm{(}}{{\rm{C}}_{{\rm{PO}}_4^{3 - }}})

decreased. A low content of Na2O led to the increase in the phosphate capacities of slag, particularly at low temperatures of 1300–1350°C. The content of TiO2 in the slag considerably exhibited a weaker effect on

(

C

P
O

4

3
−

)

{\rm{(}}{{\rm{C}}_{{\rm{PO}}_4^{3 - }}})

. Furthermore, by regression analysis,

(

C

P
O

4

3
−

)

{\rm{(}}{{\rm{C}}_{{\rm{PO}}_4^{3 - }}})

was expressed as a function of the temperature and slag compositions as follows:

logC

PO

4

3
−

=
0.041
(
%
CaO
)
−
0.086
log
(
%
FeO
)
−
0.024
(
%

SiO
2

)

−
0.02
(
%

Al
2

O
3

)
+
0.067
(
%

Na
2

O
)
+
0.039
(
%

TiO
2

)

+
56767
/
T
−
14.58
,
(
R
=
0.978
)

\eqalign{&{{\rm{log}}{{\rm{C}}_{{\rm PO}_4^{3 - }} = 0.041( \% {\rm CaO}) - 0.086{\rm log}({\rm{ \% }}{\rm FeO})} - 0.024( \% {\rm Si{O_2}})} \cr &{{ - 0.02({\rm{ \% }}{\rm A{l_2}{O_3})}} { + 0.067( \% {\rm N{a_2}O)} + 0.039( \% {\rm Ti{O_2})}}} \cr &+ 56767/{\rm T} - 14.58, ({\rm R} = 0.978)}}
Legislative exploration of domestic violence in the People’s Republic of China: A sociosemiotic perspective
Authors: Cheng Le , Wang Xin
Published: July 2018

Battles against domestic violence in the People’s Republic of China (hereafter P. R. C.) have been carried out since 1995. In this study, legislative progression of laws related to domestic violence is first examined and clarified; second, findings from the legislative review are investigated on the basis of civil and criminal cases; third, the interaction among social and traditional norms, legislation, and judicial outcomes is explored and interpreted from a sociosemiotic perspective. It is found in this study that: 1) legislation and judicial practices of domestic violence in the P. R. C. are closely intertwined with social and traditional norms; 2) there is a gap between judicial practices dealing with domestic violence and the legislation; 3) the Anti-Domestic Violence Law offers a notch for state powers to embrace the familial relationship and to safeguard a victim.
Considerations on the Experimental Calibration of the Fall Cone Test
Authors: Llano-Serna Marcelo A. , Farias Márcio M. , Pedroso Dorival M. , Williams David J. , Sheng Daichao
Published: July 2018

The fall cone test is widely used in soil mechanics to determine the liquid limit of fine-grained soils as an aid to soil classification. The test can also be used to obtain the undrained shear strength of a fine-grained soil, based on the “cone factor,” K. Reports from different authors show K values ranging from 0.4–1.33. Differences are mostly attributed to the cone surface roughness. This article presents a reinterpretation of several experimental observations available in the literature. It is observed that besides the cone roughness, testing methods have a clear influence when calibrating the fall cone for determining the undrained shear strength of materials with low and very low consistency. The results show that existing K reports should be extrapolated with care. Finally, we propose a series of recommendations and good practices for future calibrations.
Determination of Residual Stresses Utilizing the Variation of Hardness at Elastic-Plastic Indentation
Authors: Larsson Per-Lennart
Published: July 2018

Material hardness is independent of residual stresses at predominantly plastic deformation in the region of contact between an indenter and the material. This is an important fact, as such a situation is relevant for most metals and alloys. It has, however, been established that when elastic and plastic deformations are of equal magnitude, this independence is lost. This fact complicates residual stress determination in such a situation, pertinent to materials such as ceramics and polymers, but it also provides additional important information for performing such a task in an accurate manner. Presently, a relevant formula for taking advantage of this information is presented. The formula is based on previous results pertinent to indentation analyses of stress-free materials. The predictions are compared to finite element results from previous studies describing cone indentation of materials with residual stresses. The analysis is restricted to classical elastoplasticity.
Bull's-Eye
Authors: Faulkner Sandra L.
Published: July 2018

In this interpretive autoethnography1 (Denzin, 2014), the author rewrites a Faculty Senate survey from her university on Ohio HB 48, a bill that allows licensed individuals to conceal and carry guns in public places such as schools and day care centers. The use of personal narrative and satire highlights the dialectic of violence as natural aggression versus violence as a learned and lauded cultural behavior.
Co-Implicated Disruptions
Authors: Flint Maureen A.
Published: July 2018

A vehicle careening off the road, a drunk student breaking and entering an apartment, a burning trash can. The stories of these events were shared in succession during a focus group exploring the notion of belongingness in higher education. These disruptions produce simultaneous moments of recognition and misrecognition and suggest different entry points for exploring belonging in college. Specifically, this article explores disruption through these three encounters and their telling as well as the process and ethics of transcribing and (re)presenting these moments. Through exploring the notion of disruption in multiple contexts, this article argues that as higher education researchers continue to explore the environments that allow diverse groups of students to thrive in higher education, a dynamic and relational conception of belonging is needed. A starting point for this reconceptualization is to reconsider our roles as researchers as co-implicated in the contexts and subjects of higher education.
Protect this Belief
Authors: Metz Jennifer L.
Published: July 2018

In April 2015, the Freddie Gray protests/riots/uprisings in Baltimore, Maryland, sparked a conversation on the national scene and in classrooms across the country. In my classroom near Baltimore, these events became a test case on how to teach and be in a moment of crisis. Building on a bricolage of methodologies, I explore teaching Bonilla-Silva's (2014) work on color-blind racism in my “Sport and Media” class during the Freddy Gray riots/protests/uprisings. By using my observations, official communications/e-mails, ethnographic snapshots of my students’ writings, and observations during these events, I explore teaching through a crisis and learning lessons on teaching race and politics.
“God’s Spirit Lives in Me”
Authors: Booker Vaughn A.
Published: July 2018

This article explores the work of the Rev. Charleszetta “Mother” Waddles (1912–2001), an independent African American Christian minister who operated the Perpetual Mission for Saving Souls of All Nations in Detroit, Michigan. It argues that Mother Waddles sought to reshape and repurpose the spiritual rhetoric of New Thought theology—especially the concept of “positive thinking”—for her daily practice as a home missionary and for others living in similar circumstances. Mother Waddles was distinct from other twentieth-century, African American New Thought messengers because she sought to speak to and change the lives and mindsets of other impoverished African Americans without making a theological case for their divine entitlement to material prosperity or by encouraging their desire for financial wealth. Her undated, self-published book, Attributes and Attitudes, offered twelve divine virtues that every potential home (urban) missionary worker should embody—as well as twelve negative attitudes they must reject—in order to serve others.
The molecular pathways underlying early gonadal development
Authors: Yang Yisheng , Workman Stephanie , Wilson Megan J
Published: July 2018

The body of knowledge surrounding reproductive development spans the fields of genetics, anatomy, physiology and biomedicine, to build a comprehensive understanding of the later stages of reproductive development in humans and animal models. Despite this, there remains much to learn about the bi-potential progenitor structure that the ovary and testis arise from, known as the genital ridge (GR). This tissue forms relatively late in embryonic development and has the potential to form either the ovary or testis, which in turn produce hormones required for the development of the rest of the reproductive tract. It is imperative that we understand the genetic networks underpinning GR development if we are to begin to understand abnormalities in the adult. This is particularly relevant in the contexts of disorders of sex development (DSDs) and infertility, two conditions that many individuals struggle with worldwide, with often no answers as to their aetiology. Here, we review what is known about the genetics of GR development. Investigating the genetic networks required for GR formation will not only contribute to our understanding of the genetic regulation of reproductive development, it may in turn open new avenues of investigation into reproductive abnormalities and later fertility issues in the adult.
The Integrated Environmental Permit: Requirements of EU Legislation, Practice of its Implementation in Poland, Prospects for Ukraine
Authors: Kobetska Nadiya
Published: July 2018

The article is aimed at analyzing the system of integrated environmental permit regulation. It includes a study of Directive 2010/75/EU analyzing the specific features, requirements, grounds of and the procedure for issuance of integrated permits. Since the Directive is a framework document, each state makes its own decisions as to what mechanisms to use. The article studies the statutory regulation and the practice of the implementation of integrated permits in the neighbouring Poland. It interprets the principal legal environmental document of the Republic of Poland – the Environmental Protection Act. Its main focus is on defining the conditions for the application of the BAT principle and the procedure for permit issuance: the competent authorities, time limits, control, etc. Ukrainian legislation on permits for emissions of pollutants into ambient air, discharges into waters, and waste management is subject to independent analysis. On the basis of the study, the generalized characteristic features of the integrated permit system in the sphere of environmental protection and environmental safety enforcement, the principal tasks and measures aimed at ensuring the implementation of the system of integrated environmental permits in Ukraine are defined.
América Latina ante dos destinos democráticos diferentes
Authors: Lynch Gamero Nicolas Javier
Published: July 2018

Existe un equivocado dilema académico y político, impulsado desde la derecha, al momento de caracterizar la actualidad y el rumbo de América Latina entre la democracia o dictadura, como únicos horizontes posibles. En contraposición, el autor sostiene que la disputa se encuentra entre las democracias de élite y las democracias sociales. A partir de ello, describe los procesos políticos de las últimas décadas en la región y se plantea posibles horizontes democráticos.
Desde el sur: los otros como parte de nosotros, pensamiento crítico en las antropologías
Authors: Montoya Rojas Rodrigo
Published: July 2018

A partir de un recorrido por los caminos que siguió la antropología en el Perú a lo largo del siglo XX en relación a los procesos sociales y políticos que atravesó el país y América Latina, el autor reflexiona sobre el surgimiento de un pensamiento crítico en las antropologías de América Latina y sobre cuán críticos somos de lo que hacemos en las diferentes ciencias sociales y de lo que estas hacen o no frente a los problemas planteados por la realidad a los habitantes de cada uno de los países.
Un nuevo enfoque predictivo de la fragmentación en la Voladura de Rocas
Authors: Rojas Linares Edito Luis
Published: July 2018

The objective of this research work is to provide a new predictive approach to fragmentation in the rock blasting processes, developed based on the Kuz-Ram model, Multivariate Analysis techniques (MVA) and Artificial Neural Network techniques (ANN).The objective of the new approach predictive approach to (X50), fragmentation is based on the fact that this research, would provide us with an optimization in the metallurgical mining operations, because delivering an optimal fragmentation requerid for the grinding processes, it could minimize their times and maximize their productivity.
Shell Model Calculations for 18,19,20O Isotopes by Using USDA and USDB Interactions
Authors: Hasan A. K.
Published: July 2018

The shell model (SM) is used to calculate the energy levels and transition probabilities B(E2) for 18,19,20 O isotopes. Two interactions (USDA and USDB) are used in the SDPN model space. We assume that all possible many-nucleon configurations are defined by the 0d5/2, 1s1/2, and d3/2 states that are higher than in 16 O doubly magic nucleus. The available empirical data are in a good agreement with theoretical energy levels predictions. Spins and parities were affirmed for new levels, and the transition probabilities B(E2; ↓) are predicted.
Superhydrophobicity/Superhydrophilicity Transformation of Transparent PS-PMMA-SiO2 Nanocomposite Films
Authors: Sriboonruang A. , Kumpika T. , Sroila W. , Kantarak E. , Singjai P. , Thongsuwan W.
Published: July 2018

A transparent superhydrophobic nanocoating with high water contact angle (>150∘ ) was successfully prepared by a simple dip coating method. The coating solutions were prepared by the dissolution of polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) in toluene. Fumed silica (SiO2) was then added to increase the roughness of the coating. The annealing treatment conditions were investigated to optimize the water contact angle. The heat treatment conditions and other factors were studied systematically to optimize the transmission and the contact angle of water on the films. The results have shown that the films increase with the annealing temperature. The superhydrophobicity of films is observed only in PS-consisted films after the annealing at 200 ∘C. The superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic transformation was achieved at the annealing temperature higher than 200 ∘C due to the decay of the polymer into hydrophilic monomers.
Picosecond Dynamics of Molecular Entities in Lithium Salt Solutions in Dimethyl Sulfoxide, Propylene Carbonate, and Dimethyl Carbonate
Authors: Gorobets M. I. , Kirillov S. A.
Published: July 2018

An analysis of the Raman spectra of the solutions of lithium salts in dimethyl sulfoxide, propylene carbonate, and dimethyl carbonate in a concentration range from diluted solutions to the mixtures of molten solvates with salts has been performed in terms of the dynamics, specifically, the dephasing (тv) and modulation (тw) times of all molecular entities present in solutions are determined and analyzed. It has been found that, in the picosecond time domain, the dephasing and modulation in solvent molecules hydrogen-bonded with an anion and/or solvating a cation are slower than in free solvent molecules. In solvent separated ion pairs, both тv and тw are much longer than in solvated anions, thus indicating the strong interactions between anions and their surrounding. In contact ion pairs, тv are great, whereas тw appear close to those for free anions. This reflects that the structure of the liquid tends to the structure of molten salts.
Spectral and Spatial Features of Radiation Emitted by a Cholesteric Liquid-Crystal Laser
Authors: Ilchyshyn I. P. , Tikhonov E. A. , Mykytiuk T. V.
Published: July 2018

Spectral and spatial characteristics of radiation emitted by a laser operating on the Bragg structure arising in cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) have been studied, as well as their variations with a change of the planar CLC orientation. A defect in the helical structure of the CLC formed by a ternary mixture of cholesterol viscous esters is revealed at the mutually orthogonal orientations of the CLC director at the substrates. This defect manifests itself as a local dip in the selective reflection band, which agrees with the behavior of the defect mode in the photonic crystal. Such a defect in the helical structure stimulates the selection of longitudinal modes with the indices N = ±1, so that the single-mode lasing regime is realized. A spatial ring structure in the laser radiation is found to arise, when higher longitudinal modes are generated.
Optical Properties and Stability of Bilayer Rubrene-Alq3 Films Fabricated by Vacuum Deposition
Authors: Gavrilko T. , Nechytaylo V. , Viduta L. , Baran J.
Published: July 2018

We report on the optical and structural characterization of the two-component vacuum deposited (VD) rubrene (Rub)-Alq3 films. As is known, Rub-doped OLED active materials demonstrate both promising electroluminescence and transistor characteristics. However, in terms of operational lifetime, the Rub practical application in basic devices has a few draw-backs related to its chemical instability. Our main attention was focused on the role of the Alq3 coverage and the isomeric transformation of a Rub molecule on its chemical stability in these structures. By monitoring the evolution of PL emission in time, we found that the Rub degradation in Rub-Alq3 films is slower than that in vacuum-deposited Rub layers. These results demonstrate that the deposition of an Alq3 layer can be a way to enhance the stability of Rub to the photo-oxidation in optoelectronic devices. The Rub amorphous film crystallization at elevated temperatures in open air was observed for the first time.
Study of Ignition and Combustion of Two-Fraction Coal-Air Suspension
Authors: Orlovskaya S. G. , Kalinchak V. V. , Zuj O. N. , Liseanskaia M. V.
Published: July 2018

A two-fraction dust-air mixture is the simplest example of polydisperse suspensions. We aim to study the characteristics of ignition and combustion of a two-fraction suspension of carbon particles in air at different temperatures. The main characteristics of the dispersed fuel combustion are the ignition delay, burning temperature and time, and critical parameters (temperature, diameters of particles, and mass concentrations) corresponding to the fuel ignition and extinction. The high-temperature heat and mass transfer and chemical kinetics are modeled for a two-fraction particles-gas suspension (diameter of fine particles 60 мm and for that with coarse particles 120 мm) with equal mass fractions. The gas temperature is varied in the interval between 1100 K and 1500 K.
Glaciares rocosos en la zona semiárida de Chile: relevancia de un recurso hídrico sin protección normativa
Authors: Fernández Navarro Hans Andrés , Ferrando Acuña Francisco José
Published: July 2018

Los glaciares rocosos en la zona semiárida de Chile constituyen recursos hídricos de importancia mayor, en los que tanto el cambio climático global como la continua expansión de actividades mineras en regiones de alta montaña, están generando un impacto destructivo considerable. En este trabajo se analiza la situación actual del valle del río Putaendo, cuenca del río Aconcagua, región de Valparaíso, donde proyectos mineros coinciden espacialmente con glaciares rocosos no reconocidos y menos estudiados. También se revisa la Constitución Política Chilena en su abordaje sobre los glaciares. En este contexto, la política neoliberal imperante y un cuerpo normativo poco claro, fragmentado y ambientalmente débil, han permitido la intervención descontrolada de la criósfera en los Andes centrales chilenos, cuya población ha estado sujeta a situaciones de sequías severas en las últimas décadas.
Topoclimatología cultural y ciclos hidrosociales de las comunidades andinas chilenas: híbridos geográficos para la ordenación de los territorios
Authors: Romero Aravena Hugo , Romero-Toledo Hugo , Opazo Dustyn
Published: July 2018

Chile y América Latina enfrentan demandas de ordenamiento territorial como consecuencia de las configuraciones espaciales del neoliberalismo: extractivismo, “comodificación” y privatización de recursos y territorios. La geografía está desarrollando perspectivas que superan la dicotomía sociedad-naturaleza, representada por el estudio independiente de las geografías física y humana, mediante la incorporación de conceptos híbridos que reinterpretan el clima, el agua y el territorio. En este artículo se discute como los pueblos andinos del norte de Chile han construido social y culturalmente territorios que sintetizan interacciones entre componentes naturales, sociales y metafísicos, materiales y simbólicos, empleados en el conocimiento, interpretación y gestión de la enorme variabilidad e incertidumbre que caracteriza a sus topoclimas y recursos hídricos, apreciados como manifestación de diversidad, complejidad y riqueza.
Relationship Between Crestal Bone Levels and Crown-to-Implant Ratio of Ultra-Short Implants With a Microrough Surface: A Prospective Study With 48 Months of Follow-Up
Authors: Malchiodi Luciano , Giacomazzi Erika , Cucchi Alessandro , Ricciotti Giulia , Caricasulo Riccardo , Bertossi Dario , Gherlone Enrico
Published: July 2018

The aim of this cohort study was to investigate the relationship between crestal bone levels and crown-to-implant ratio of ultra-short implants, after functional loading. Sixty patients with single or partial edentulism and alveolar bone atrophy were enrolled and treated between December 2009 and January 2016. Without using bone-grafting procedures, patients were rehabilitated with ultra-short implants characterized by a microrough surface and a 6-mm length. Clinical and anatomical crown-to-implant (C/I) ratios and crestal bone levels (CBL) were measured after a follow-up period ranging from 12 to 72 months; all peri-implant and prosthetic parameters were recorded. The data collected were statistically analyzed (P = .05). A total of 47 patients with 66 ultra-short implants were completely followed up according to described protocol. The mean follow-up was 48.5 ± 19.1 months. The mean anatomical C/I ratio was 2.2, while the mean clinical C/I ratio was 2.6 ± 0.6 at baseline and 2.8 ± 0.6 at the last follow-up appointment. Mean CBL as calculated at the baseline was 0.7 ± 0.5 mm, while at the last appointment it measured 1.0 ± 0.5 mm. The overall implant-based success rate was 96.9%, and the mean peri-implant bone loss (PBL) was 0.3 ± 0.3 mm. No statistically significant relationship was found between anatomical or clinical C/I ratio and PBL. Ultra-short implants appear to offer a predictable solution for implant-prosthetic rehabilitation in patients with edentulism and bone atrophy. A high percentage of implants were successful, with minimal crestal bone loss. The high C/I ratio did not appear to influence either peri-implant bone loss or prosthetic complication rates.
Definicje i klasyfikacje kategorii ekonomicznych w badaniach nad współczesnymi zjawiskami finansowymi
Authors: Krzywda Danuta
Published: July 2018

Scientific research on contemporary financial phenomena requires the use of information about economic categories, a significant part of which is disclosed in financial statements. High quality research is contingent upon the cohesion of the definitions used and the classification of economic categories.The main purpose of this paper is to draw the attention of theoreticians of finance, law and accounting to the need to intensify research geared to improving or creating a new definition and classification of the economic categories disclosed in the financial statements of accounting entities.To justify this thesis, the paper offers an analysis of the current state of financial statements drawn up according to IFRS and the Polish accounting law. It focuses on information about income and costs as well as the use of the term ”financial activity” at the normative, educational and economic level. The reasons for misunderstandings in this field are discussed, as are the results of those misunderstandings. This may help in the production of research aimed preventing both, and thus at improving the creation of crucial information for the development of theory of law and economic practice.
Zawartość informacyjna sprawozdań finansowych jednostek sektora finansów publicznych
Authors: Wrona Bartłomiej , Rechul Halina , Szulc Małgorzata
Published: July 2018

In the majority of countries, the finance sector constitutes one of the most important parts of the economy. Public finance sector units often raise funds and spend them on non-profitable activities, however essential they may be for the proper functioning of society. The cash participating in these operations make up a significant share of the transfers of a country’s entire economy. Thus, public finance sector units are required to keep books of account based on the provisions of the Accounting Act and specific legislation adapted to the specificities of the public finance sector.One of the obligations laid down by the Accounting Act is to present financial and property standing in the form of financial statements. As far as public finance sector units are concerned, the obligation has been extended to include preparation of budget reports, the main aim of which is to present a unit’s current situation with respect to its budget revenues and expenditures. The budget reporting system is currently used in the financial management of public finance sector units mainly in the short term. Financial statements, which may be the subject of financial analysis and support long-term decision making, have rarely been used.The paper presents financial reporting of public finance sector units, the possibilities of using the International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) in accounting, and certain aspects of financial analysis and its use.
Płynność finansowa jako istotne kryterium oceny przedsiębiorstwa
Authors: Babuśka Ewa Wiktoria
Published: July 2018

The article discusses financial liquidity considered as a leading indicator of company performance. Financial liquidity is a function of shaping the proper relationship of receipts to expenditure in the management process. Its essence, methods of determination and analysis are presented on the basis of the balance sheet and cash flow statement, showing liquidity ratios, their classification and interpretation. The survey of financial liquidity in Polish companies was based on the example of unit financial statements of PKN Orlen SA. for the years 2013–2016. Cash flow and static and dynamic liquidity ratios were analysed. Research methods include a review of the literature on reporting, liquidity and financial analysis, interpretation of related legislation, analysis of financial statements, and inference. The results confirm that liquidity, which ensures a company’s balance and stability, is today the most important parameter in assessing a company.
Porównanie wskaźników płynności finansowej polskich i czeskich przedsiębiorstw przetwórstwa przemysłowego w podziale na mikro-, małe, średnie i duże podmioty gospodarcze
Authors: Maślanka Tomasz , Mazur-Maślanka Iwona
Published: July 2018

The publication presents the development of financial liquidity ratios (current and increased) in the Polish and Czech industrial processing sectors for micro, small, medium and large business entities. The analyses are based on the financial data of companies taken from the Amadeus database for the years 2006–2014.In all of the groups of enterprises analysed in both countries, an increase in the liquidity ratios occurred. The mean values of the indicators were significantly more volatile than the median among all groups of companies. Large entities reported the lowest values of both indicators, both in Poland and in the Czech Republic.
Zależność kosztu kapitału jednostek gospodarczych od czynników o charakterze instytucjonalnym
Authors: Kędzior Dorota , Kędzior Marcin
Published: July 2018

The article presents and critically analyses selected institutional factors affecting the cost of capital for enterprises. The paper presents the theoretical determinants of the cost of capital, the most important methods of determining this cost, and the relationship between it and risk. Selected institutional factors affecting the cost of capital were analysed. Legal systems, the development of stock exchanges, the development of the banking sector and the quality of accounting standards were recognised as the most important institutional factors. Analysis of the subject literature was the basic research method employed.
Wpływ odroczonego podatku dochodowego na kształtowanie wyniku finansowego jednostki gospodarczej
Authors: Jonas Krzysztof
Published: July 2018

The article examines the discrepancy between accounting law and tax law regarding the determination of financial results (income) and the presentation of the role of deferred income tax in offsetting tax burdens so as to comply with superior accounting principles. The article analyses profit and loss accounts published by randomly selected entities from the list of the largest enterprises in Poland in 2016. It examines the relations that would appear if the entity determined and did not determine the deferred income tax as well as how the profit indicator in both situations would be shaped. Based on this analysis, a preliminary application on the essential impact of deferred income tax on the develop­ment of net profit was formulated. This conclusion, however, should be verified on a much larger research sample.
Wpływ restrykcyjności regulacji nadzorczych na stabilność banków spółdzielczych w krajach Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Kil Krzysztof
Published: July 2018

The aim of the study presented in this paper was to identify the determinants of the financial stability of cooperative banks in the European Union in the years 2008–2015. It emphasizes the impact of restrictive regulatory actions on the financial stability of cooperative banks in EU countries. The article reviews the determinants of cooperative bank stability and presents the results of in-depth interviews regarding factors influencing that stability, recognized by bank management or from a safety net point of view. A panel survey, which encompassed 1753 cooperative banks in the EU, has shown that higher capital adequacy ratios of co-operative banks are observed in countries with higher levels of regulatory rigor. On the other hand, the MLPS index confirmed that inflated regulation has a negative effect on the stability of cooperative banks. The use of a broader definition of financial stability suggests that increased restrictiveness of bank regulation implemented by the safety net worsens the multi-criteria financial stability assessment of cooperative banks, despite the increase in the banks’ capital base.
Rachunki fizycznych przepływów wody jako element europejskich rachunków ekonomicznych środowiska
Authors: Rosiek Ksymena
Published: July 2018

Water is a crucial resource that ensures life on the planet. It is defined as a replenishable but depletable resource, so it is necessary to manage it and define the rules and boundaries of its usage among competing users. To ensure sustainable water resource use, it is necessary to create sophisticated statistical tools that can provide information about the relations between economy and the environment. Basing them on coherent definitions and the national accounts nomenclature is of utmost importance.This article concerns aspects of economic environmental accounting that are still not obligatory in the EU, though they are practiced, and intensively so, both in the EU and further afield. It can be expected that they will be included in the next obligatory modules of ESEA, which are to be introduced soon.
Concept Animation - a potential instructional scaffolding
Authors: Khurshid Faraz , Noushad Babu , Spanjers Ingrid A. E , Al-Darwashi Jamila
Published: July 2018

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Concept animation - the graphical array of pictures accompanied by text as speech balloons, can help to improve learner's comprehension from basic to advanced levels concepts. When the process of concept comprehension is not facilitated, the learner may come in a transitional state of misperception and understanding, that can restrain their learning to a surface approach. The basic science concepts learned at the inception of a Health Sciences program play a vital role towards the development of higher-order thinking and problem-solving aptitude in the subsequent years. Hence, it is important to facilitate meaningful learning of core concepts and principles in difficult basic science disciplines, like Pharmacology. This work reports our experiences of employing concept animations as a 'visual aid' instructional strategy to simplify pharmacology concepts to undergraduate Optometry students. The fundamental ideas of drug pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and side effects were transformed into concept animations. The effects of these concept animations are explained by using Vygotsky's 'zone of proximal development, Mayer's cognitive theory of multimedia learning and cognitive load theory.