bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring children's preferences for graphic symbols to represent pain‐related words
Authors: Johnson Ensa , Swanepoel Nina , Thunberg Gunilla
Published: October 2024

Children who are hospitalized may sometimes not be able to communicate verbally to self‐report their pain or other symptoms due to medical conditions, medical interventions, or communication difficulties. As such, these children may need other means, such as augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) strategies, in this case, graphic symbols, to express their pain‐related experiences and receive applicable treatment. Choosing suitable graphic symbols to represent pain‐related words contributes to the effective use and implementation of visual support. This study explored the preferences of 6.0–9.11‐year‐old (years; months) children with typical development regarding graphic symbols to represent pain‐related words. These symbols were selected from two commonly used and widespread symbol resources: Picture Communication Symbols (PCS®) and Aragonese Portal of Augmentative and Alternative Communication (ARASAAC) symbols. A descriptive, quantitative study design was employed, including a total of 30 typically developed South African children. Data were collected by means of an electronic questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Probability values were determined and predictions, as well as inferences, were implemented. The results showed that the children preferred ARASAAC symbols to represent most pain‐related words (p < 0.001). It is important to consider stakeholders' (in this case, children's) input on their preferences in designing communication support to enable participation during the clinical decision‐making process.
A dose‐adjusted, open‐label, pilot study of the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of STC3141 in critically ill patients with sepsis
Authors: Bellomo Rinaldo , Patava John , Van Lancker Ruth , Layios Nathalie , Peetermans Marijke , Plummer Mark , Attou Rachid , McNamara Robert , Udy Andrew , Wibrow Bradley , Deane Adam , Litton Edward , Tanudji Marcel , Su Fuhong , Zhong Zhang , Shi Linda , Ning Li
Published: October 2024

Increased circulating histones correlate with sepsis severity and are a potential therapeutic target. Pre‐clinical studies showed benefit with a histone‐neutralizing polyanion molecule (STC3141). We aimed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of STC3141 in critically ill patients with sepsis. We studied 26 patients with sepsis divided into four cohorts of one, five, ten, and ten subjects, respectively. We conducted a dose‐adjusted, open‐label study to determine the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of STC3141 administered as an IV infusion for up to 72 h, with rate adjusted to estimated creatinine clearance. Four steady‐state concentrations were targeted. Twenty of the 26 subjects (77%) in the study experienced at least one adverse event (AE). The most frequently reported study drug‐related AE was a mildly prolonged aPTT (four events). Only one AE (pulmonary hemorrhage) led to discontinuation of the drug. After excluding patients receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT) patients, clearance ranged from 3.3 to 4.2 L/h across cohorts and was essentially completely renal in nature. Half‐life values ranged from 5 to 7 h. The mean (±SD) terminal half‐life for non‐RRT subjects and for whom it was possible to calculate was approximately 9 (±4.77) h but increased to 19 (±7.94) h for subjects on RRT. Overall, 18 (69.2%) patients completed the study to day eight in the ICU, and 22 (84.6%) survived to 28 days. STC3141 administration appeared to have an acceptable degree of safety and tolerability and expected pharmacokinetics. Cautious, larger randomized efficacy trials in sepsis appear justified.
A novel case of simultaneous tracheal stenting and endobronchial valve (EBV) deployment for tracheal stenosis and persistent air leak guided by an endobronchial collateral ventilation assessment system and digital chest drain in malignant esophageal carcinoma
Authors: Gan Eugene MingJin , Leong Carrie Kah‐Lai
Published: October 2024

Persistent air leak may complicate malignant disease of the thorax, causing significant morbidity and mortality. A 51‐year‐old male with a 30‐pack‐year history of smoking was diagnosed with metastatic esophageal carcinoma with invasion into the right upper lobe of the lung. He developed a large right hydropneumothorax complicated by empyema leading to persistent air leak despite the insertion of two chest drains. Computed Tomography imaging with 3‐dimensional reconstruction showed severe tracheal compression from the enlarging esophageal tumour as well as bronchopleural fistulas in the right upper lobe. Rigid bronchoscopy with metallic tracheal stenting was performed. This was followed by localization and quantification of air leak with an endobronchial collateral ventilation assessment system and a digital chest drain to guide endobronchial valve placement, in a single operative procedure. This novel combination of interventional bronchoscopy techniques enabled successful transition to an ambulatory chest drain and subsequent hospital discharge.
Insight into the Coordination Environment of Ru Single‐Atom for Dry Reforming of Methane
Authors: Zhang Zhen‐Yu , Su Dong‐Meng , Xie Tao
Published: October 2024

Dry reforming of methane (DRM), a pivotal process for converting greenhouse gases into syngas is demanding rationally designed catalysts with high stability and ideal catalytic performance for industrial applications due to its stability of reactant molecules and characteristic of carbon deposition. However, the mechanistic understanding of how the coordination environment of the metal in a single‐atom catalytic system may influence the catalytic performance remains limited. In this work, high‐ and low‐coordinating Ru‐based (RuHC and RuLC) catalysts with distinct Ru‐O coordination numbers are prepared using one‐pot and two‐step methods. The difference in the stability (12.3% and negligible deactivation during 20 h test for RuLC and RuHC catalysts respectively) and selectivity (0.57 and 0.37 of H2/CO ratio) brought by the coordination environment signified the structure‐function relationship of single‐atom catalysts in DRM. The impact of the structure on the properties is systematically investigated by thorough structural and operando characterization as well as density functional theory (DFT) calculation. The findings contribute to the optimal design of single‐atom catalysts for DRM, offering a theoretical basis for industrial catalyst development and the potential to improve the process's environmental impact.
Revitalizing Lithium Metal Batteries: Strategies for Tackling Dead Lithium Formation and Reactivation
Authors: Wei Zengwu , Wang Xue , Zhou Mingjiong , Papović Snežana , Zheng Kun , Świerczek Konrad , Wu Jinghua , Xin Xing
Published: October 2024

Lithium (Li) metal batteries (LMBs) are among the most promising candidates for future battery technology due to their high theoretical capacity and energy density. However, the formation of dendritic Li, characterized by needle‐like structures, poses serious safety issues. To address this, numerous methods are developed to prevent Li dendrite formation. Another significant challenge in LMBs is the formation of inactive Li, known as dead Li, which significantly impacts their Coulombic efficiency and overall performance. This review explores the issues surrounding dead Li in LMBs, specifically focusing on electrically isolated Li metal and the repeatedly generated solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Advanced techniques for characterizing inactive Li are discussed, alongside various strategies designed to activate or suppress dead Li, thus restoring battery capacity. The review summarizes recent advancements in research related to the activation, reuse, and prevention of dead Li, offering valuable insights for enhancing the efficiency and safety of LMBs. This comprehensive overview provides fundamental guidance for the practical application of Li metal anodes and similar metal batteries.
Organic Dye Molecule Intercalated Prussian Blue for Simultaneously Enhancing Coloration Efficiency and Energy Storage Capacity in Electrochromic Battery
Authors: Xu Ming , Wu Tianhui , Yin Ke , Li Lei , Li Yuhang , Zhao Xiaoyu , Lu Li , Gu Jianmin , Wang Desong
Published: October 2024

The dual‐functional device combining electrochromic properties and energy storage has gained numerous attentions in the field of energy‐saving smart electronics. However, achieving simultaneous optimization of coloration efficiency and energy storage capacity of materials poses a significant challenge. This study presents a novel approach by incorporating methyl orange into Prussian blue channels (PB‐MO films) to adjust the internal electronic structure of Prussian blue. This modification allows the active layer to simultaneously improve the electrochromic and energy storage performance. The introduction of methyl orange not only alters the ratio of Fe3+/Fe2+ within the framework through the coordination reaction of Fe3+ with methyl orange, but also improves the reaction kinetics after intercalating organic dye molecules, including charge transfer resistance, diffusion capability of ions and capacitive contribution. The PB‐MO films demonstrate remarkable properties: high optical contrast (81.4% at 670 nm), excellent coloration efficiency (265 cm2 C−1), and significant specific capacity (84 mAh m−2 at 0.05 A m−2), outperforming pure PB films. The PB‐MO films are ideally suited for applications in displays and intelligent energy storage fields, boasting both high coloration efficiency and substantial energy storage capacity, thus advancing promote the development of dual‐functional electrochromic devices.
A Liquid Chromatography‐Tandem Mass Spectrometry Bioanalytical Method Development and Validation for the Determination of Pacritinib in Plasma
Authors: Kumar Mulamraju Aruna , Bangaraiah Pagala
Published: October 2024

The primary objective of the current work is to establish and verify an accurate and linear liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization‐tandem mass spectrometry procedure for quantifying Pacritinib. An effective chromatographic resolution was obtained using the Hypersil Gold (50 × 4.6 mm, 2.1 µm) C18 column. The mobile phase is a mixture of methanol, 0.1% formic acid, and acetonitrile in the proportion of 20:15:65 (%v/v/v). The procedure involved closely monitoring executed ionic transitions of m/z 473.1/376.2 for Pacritinib and 584.26/101.1 for Brigatinib internal standard in multiple reaction monitoring mode. A strong correlation value (r2) of 0.9997 is associated with the linear plot regression line, which can be represented as y = 0.0001x − 0.0008. The relative standard deviation (RSD) results for the matrix effect were 3.63% and 3.57%, respectively, when the quality control (QC) level was low and high, respectively. Over the course of the study, the percentage average recoveries for Pacritinib were found to be 103.27% in high QC, 97.59% in medium QC, and 94.28% in low QC, respectively. The values that were obtained for the QC samples (0.378, 1.058, 7.56, and 11.34 µg/mL) varied from 2.00% to 4.03%. The developed method was useful for evaluating Pacritinib in biological samples for the purposes of QC, forensics, and bioavailability investigations for individuals.
Dams in intrastate ethnic conflict: A comparison of Turkey and Ethiopia
Authors: Bezahler Alex
Published: October 2024

Why do dams exacerbate ethnic conflict in Turkey but not in Ethiopia? This paper analyzes the impacts of a growing push to develop water resources through hydroelectric dams, which promise clean energy, jobs, and economic opportunities. Yet dam building also causes environmental degradation, mass relocation, the flooding of historical sites, and long‐lasting cultural impacts. This paper focuses on how dams, as an extension of the state, can increase ethnic tensions by decreasing their autonomy and challenging their cultural practices, ultimately exacerbating violence. A comparison of two instances of large‐scale dam building in Ethiopia and Turkey during conflict illustrates various factors that contribute to ethnic tensions between minority groups. In Turkey, dams are weaponized against the Kurdish population, deepening ethnic conflict as the state asserts itself and a state‐centered national consciousness into a region historically wary of Turkish nation‐building. In Ethiopia, dam‐building, while framed in similar language as it is in Turkey, avoids heightening ethnic conflict because dams are seen as unifying the country rather than homogenizing ethnic minorities in rural areas. This paper argues that ethnic conflict is exacerbated when both (1) damming disproportionately targets one ethnic group and (2) when the targeted population is unable to access alternative mechanisms to air grievances. In developing the proposed theory, more insight can be gained into water, conflict, and dam‐building in conflict‐prone areas in fragile political positions. From a policy perspective, these findings indicate that more scrutiny over dams in such contexts is necessary for the protection of minority populations.
A Mixed Aryl/Amide Complex of Iron(II)
Authors: Wolf Robert M. , Bühler Raphael , Napoli Fabrizio E. , Stephan Johannes , Gemel Christian , Fischer Roland A.
Published: October 2024

The combined incorporation of a labile and a stabilizing ligand in a metal‐organic precursor is of interest for the synthesis of low valent ligated (hetero)metallic clusters. The heteroleptic aryl/amide iron (II) complex [Fe2(Mes)2(BTSA)2] (1) was synthesized by equimolar mixing of [Fe2(Mes)4] with [Fe2(BTSA)4]. (VT)‐NMR‐, UV‐Vis‐ and SC‐XRD‐analysis combined with DFT calculations revealed a dimeric structure with terminal bis(trimethylsilyl)amide‐ and bridging mesityl‐ligands in solution and as well in the solid phase. The treatment of [Fe2(BTSA)4] with the carbenoid group 13 metallo‐ligand GaCp* is known to yield simply adducts. In contrast, monitoring the reactions of [Fe2(Mes)4] and [Fe2(Mes)2(BTSA)2] (1) with GaCp* by liquid injection field desorption mass spectrometry (LIFDI‐MS) suggest formation of a broader variety of bimetallic Fe−Ga‐species with iron formally reduced to iron (I) or iron (0). However, the product distribution obtained using the heteroleptic compound 1 indicates combined reactivity of the homoleptic congeners by showing larger species with variations of Fe/Ga ratios towards the formation of Fe/Ga clusters. This blended behavior is assigned to the more labile mesityl ligand and the more stabilizing BTSA‐ligand.
Why and How to Explore Rule of Law Narratives. Introduction
Authors: Lorenz Astrid , Anders Lisa H. , Müller Dietmar , Němec Jan
Published: October 2024

Narratives are highly relevant for policymaking and the functioning of institutions, including rule of law arrangements. They inform, influence and serve to justify political action, as well as mobilise support. However, narratives used in parliaments have received little attention in analyses of the rule of law, which tend to focus on institutions such as the law itself and its structure. In this introduction to the volume “Narrating the Rule of Law”, we explain why and how we analyse and compare narratives of the rule of law in parliaments. Although most political entities across the globe declare the rule of law as one of their guiding principles, they articulate different ideas of what the rule of law is, what purposes it serves, what elements it comprises and how it relates to democracy. Covering 30 years of parliamentary debates on rule-of-law-related issues in five countries, this case-sensitive empirical study analyses cross-national differences and traces changes over time.
Lessons Learned and Policy Recommendations
Authors: Lorenz Astrid , Anders Lisa H. , Müller Dietmar , Němec Jan
Published: October 2024

This chapter summarises the main findings of the study “Narrating the Rule of Law” with respect to national similarities and differences, temporal patterns and patterns of politicians’ rhetoric. A liberal model of the rule of law was supported in all parliaments, especially in Czechia. However, opposition parties repeatedly accused the ruling majorities of violating the rule of law. Controversies emerged earlier in Romania and Slovakia, while the rhetorical divide between government and opposition was much more pronounced in Hungary and Poland after 2010 and 2015. One-sided and diverging narratives were related to country-specific paths of reform and counter-reform. We also discuss the implications of the findings for theory-building and provide policy recommendations. We call, inter alia, for putting more scholarly attention on the controversial aspects around the prohibition of retroactive action. We also suggest building stronger ties with and among parliaments. These share many narratives on the rule of law, e.g. the need to respect the constitution and criticism of tendencies of centralising power.
South Africa: COVID-19 Learning Losses and Attempts at Recovery in a Poorly Performing and Unequal Education System
Authors: van der Berg Servaas , Böhmer Bianca
Published: October 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected education in South Africa. School closures, rotational timetabling, remote learning challenges and higher absenteeism compounded educational disparities. PIRLS 2021 results demonstrate significant learning loss in Grade 4 reading achievement, with a decline of 31 PIRLS points since 2016, equivalent to 50–60% of a year’s learning. The proportion of extremely low performers doubled to over a quarter. Socio-economically disadvantaged students were disproportionately affected. Pandemic-induced curriculum adaptations and lenient promotion policies accelerated student progression but failed to address learning deficits, raising concerns about the affected cohorts’ educational and labour market prospects. Insufficient funding and coordination of targeted recovery strategies hinder learning recovery.
France: How COVID-19 Pandemic Affected Learning and Equity of the Education System
Authors: Huillery Elise
Published: October 2024

This chapter examines French educational outcomes before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Pre-COVID trends reveal a slow continuous decline in academic performance over time, and steadily strong social inequality. Post-COVID evolution is mixed: PISA 2022 shows a sharp decline in performance for 15-year-old students, stronger than in the average OECD country; but PIRLS 2021 shows a remarkable stability in the reading skills of 4th Grade students, which looks like an exception in the context of a global decline in performance; finally, social inequality did not deteriorate in France, which also contrasts with the typical OECD country. These mixed results may be related to the fact that French school closed much less than in most countries during the pandemic, and to the class-size reduction reform implemented in 2017 in Grade 1 and 2 in disadvantaged schools. These policies may have counteracted the pandemic losses for young students, although not for adolescents.
Italy: Student Performance and Learning Loss
Authors: Agasisti Tommaso , Soncin Mara
Published: October 2024

Recent evidence from the 2022 wave of the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) sheds light on the phenomenon of learning loss exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Italy, having implemented one of the longest national school closures during the pandemic, serves as a notable case study. This chapter reviews studies exploring the extent of learning loss that reveal significant negative results—particularly in mathematics and reading—with the only exception of reading in primary education. The learning loss in lower and upper secondary school ranges between 0.05 and 0.41 standard deviations (SD) respectively in reading, and 0.03 and 0.39 SD in mathematics, with impacts intensifying at higher educational levels. Despite efforts to address learning loss through measures such as online tutoring programmes, the long-term consequences remain a concern, particularly for upper secondary students. Further research is crucial to understanding the full scope of COVID-19’s impact on education, including its implications for student well-being and the enduring effects of the adoption of digital technology.
A 17 MeV pseudoscalar and the LSND, MiniBooNE and ATOMKI anomalies
Authors: Abdallah Waleed , Gandhi Raj , Ghosh Tathagata , Khan Najimuddin , Roy Samiran , Roy Subhojit
Published: October 2024

Abstract

In the absence of any new physics signals at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), anomalous results at low energy experiments have become the subject of increased attention. We focus on three such results from the LSND, MiniBooNE (MB), and ATOMKI experiments. A 17 MeV pseudoscalar mediator (a′) can account for two (8Be and 4He) out of the three cases in which excess events have been seen in pair creation transitions in ATOMKI. We incorporate this mediator in a gauge invariant extension of the Standard Model (SM) with a second Higgs doublet and three singlet (seesaw) neutrinos (Ni, i = 1, 2, 3). N1,2 participate in an interaction in MB and LSND which, with a′ as mediator, leads to the production of e+e− pairs. The Ni also lead to mass-squared differences for SM neutrinos in agreement with global oscillation data. We first show that such a model offers a natural joint solution to the MB and LSND excesses, providing excellent fits to their data. Next, using the values of the couplings to the quarks and electrons which are required to explain pair creation nuclear transition data for 8Be and 4He in ATOMKI, we show that these values still lead to fits for MB and LSND data. However, once ATOMKI is incorporated, we find that strong constraints from the decays K+ → π+a′ (a′ → e+e−) and π+ → e+νee+e− come into play. While our solution is in conformity with the bounds on the former decay, it remains in tension with 90% CL bounds on the latter. We also discuss other constraints from both collider and non-collider experiments and from electroweak precision data, stability and unitarity. We compute the contributions to the electron and muon g – 2 up to two loops for our model. We discuss tests of the model in upcoming experiments.
Supersolvable posets and fiber-type abelian arrangements
Authors: Bibby Christin , Delucchi Emanuele
Published: October 2024

We present a combinatorial analysis of fiber bundles of generalized configuration spaces on connected abelian Lie groups. These bundles are akin to those of Fadell–Neuwirth for configuration spaces, and their existence is detected by a combinatorial property of an associated finite partially ordered set. This is consistent with Terao’s fibration theorem connecting bundles of hyperplane arrangements to Stanley’s lattice supersolvability. We obtain a combinatorially determined class of $$K(\pi ,1)$$

K
(
π
,
1
)

toric and elliptic arrangements. Under a stronger combinatorial condition, we prove a factorization of the Poincaré polynomial when the Lie group is noncompact. In the case of toric arrangements, this provides an analogue of Falk–Randell’s formula relating the Poincaré polynomial to the lower central series of the fundamental group.
Vector calculus on weighted reflexive Banach spaces
Authors: Pasqualetto Enrico , Rajala Tapio
Published: October 2024

We study first-order Sobolev spaces on reflexive Banach spaces via relaxation, test plans, and divergence. We show the equivalence of the different approaches to the Sobolev spaces and to the related tangent bundles.
Effectiveness and Safety of IPN-20-SENSE LIDOCAINE for Lip Volume Augmentation and/or Redefinition (SMILE Study): A Non-inferiority Randomized Double-Blinded Controlled Study
Authors: Froget Nicolas , Kobylińska Izabela , Warszawik-Hendzel Olga , Guidicelli Thomas , Gotlib Julia
Published: October 2024

Background

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a widely used dermal filler for lip augmentation. IPN-20-SENSE LIDOCAINE (Laboratoires VIVACY) is a monophasic gel consisting of cross-linked HA and includes lidocaine hydrochloride for the reduction of injection-associated pain.

Aims

The SMILE study was designed to assess the non-inferiority of IPN-20-SENSE LIDOCAINE compared to HA-RK-Lido in improving aesthetic lip appearance. The secondary objectives were to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of IPN-20-SENSE LIDOCAINE against the chosen similar active control device.

Patients/Methods

This was a prospective, multicenter, double-blinded, randomized active controlled parallel group study undertaken in two investigational sites between May 2021 and July 2022 (14 months). The primary endpoint of this study was the proportion of subjects reporting an improvement on the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) 3 months after treatment initiation.

Results

Regarding the primary endpoint, the difference between the treatment arms in the proportion of improved subjects was +7.0 [-2.2; 17.7]. The lower limit of this 90% CI, being above the non-inferiority margin of -15 and below zero, demonstrated the non-inferiority of IPN-20-SENSE LIDOCAINE vs. HA-RK-Lido. The secondary outcomes reported by subjects and the blinded live evaluators supported this result. All injection site reactions and device-related adverse events reported in this study were expected, already described and were mostly mild and transient.

Conclusions

The study demonstrated the non-inferiority of IPN-20-SENSE LIDOCAINE to HA-RK-Lido in the aesthetic improvement of the lips. The effect of both treatments decreased over time. Nonetheless, aesthetic improvement was sustained longer in the IPN-20-SENSE LIDOCAINE arm.

Level of Evidence I

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Sandwich Therapy with Radionuclide Combined with Intralesional Injections Based on Differences in the Spatial Structure Components of Keloids
Authors: Ou Xiaolan , Chen Lei , Yu Chunjing , Yan Tao , Huang Biao , Wang Jing , Zhang Shuyu , Lyu Guozhong , Yu Daojiang
Published: October 2024

Background

Complications such as ulceration, depigmentation, and recurrence limit the use of intralesional injections and brachytherapy in keloid treatment. We designed a modified "sandwich" therapy based on the spatial distribution of keloid components to reduce the incidence of these complications.

Methods

First, we analyzed the spatial distribution pattern of scar tissue through single-cell sequencing analysis, ultrasound, and pathology. Subsequently, a "sandwich" therapy combining radionuclide and intralesional injections was designed based on the pattern found in the previous stage. Finally, 40 patients with keloid scars at 41 sites were included in the clinical trial.

Results

Single-cell sequencing identified two significant cellularly highly expressed genes and enriched pathways in the keloid vascular wall that primarily play essential roles in angiogenesis and promoting collagen synthesis, thereby promoting scar growth. Color ultrasound showed that there were hierarchical differences in the blood supply of the keloid, and further H&E, CD34, and eNOS staining showed that there were hierarchical differences in the spatial structure of blood vessels, fibroblasts, and collagen in the keloid. In clinical studies, the complication rate of “sandwich” therapy is lower than that of conventional treatment.

Conclusion

The distribution of blood vessels and collagen in keloid scars is characterized by spatial variability. The "sandwich" therapy of radionuclide combined with intralesional injections is a modified type of precisely targeted therapy designed based on this variability; it has fewer complications and good clinical efficacy and is worthy of popularization.

Level of Evidence II

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Influence of cartilage defects and a collagen gel on integrity of corresponding intact cartilage: a biomechanical in-vitro study
Authors: Pieringer Alexander M. , Milz Stefan , Imhoff Andreas B. , Vogt Stephan
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Numerous cartilage repair procedures have been developed for focal lesions to minimize suffering and possibly prevent the development of osteoarthritis with a focus on so-called one-step procedures. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of both focal cartilage defects and a biomaterial (ChondroFiller) on the corresponding articular cartilage.

Materials and Methods

On a friction test stand, 18 porcine osteochondral cylinders were tested in six experimental setups under cyclic loading (33 N) against a friction partner in saline solution. The friction partner (cartilage, bone, cartilage defect, cartilage defect with ChondroFiller) and the running times (1 hour and 6 hours) were varied. The damage to the osteochondral cylinders was assessed histologically using a visual damage classification.

Results

The cartilage versus bone group showed severe cartilage damage in both the one-hour and six-hour experiments, with an average damage score of 3.5. Damage in the cartilage versus cartilage defect group was moderate, with damage values of 2.5 (1 h) and 2.67 (6 h). The cartilage versus cartilage defect with ChondroFiller group showed a damage value of 2.67 for the one-hour and 2.5 for the six-hour trials.

Conclusions

Even focal grade IV cartilage lesions can lead to significant damage to the corresponding cartilage in vitro. The damage could not be reduced by the use of ChondroFiller, likely because of the initial instability of this biomaterial. Therefore, a biomaterial must be stable in the beginning with regard to full weight-bearing, or joint loading should be delayed until stable filling of the defect is achieved.
LA-ICP-MS U–Pb dating and trace element analyses of detrital rutile from the Elbtal Group (Saxony, Germany): provenance constraints of the Saxonian Cretaceous Basin
Authors: Rösel Delia , Schulze Marlene Christina , Wilmsen Markus , Zieger-Hofmann Mandy , Linnemann Ulf , Mertz-Kraus Regina
Published: October 2024

The steep sandstone cliffs of the Upper Cretaceous Elbtal Group exposed in the Eastern Erzgebirge and the Zittau Sandstone Mountains are impressive remnants of the Saxo-Bohemian Cretaceous Basin. Despite the excellent exposure, little is known about the provenance. Herein, we present LA-ICP-MS U–Pb and trace element data of detrital rutile grains separated from five different formations of the Elbtal Group to characterise and differentiate potential source regions. The Cenomanian samples of the Eastern Erzgebirge (Niederschöna and Oberhäslich formations, lower Elbtal Group) yield an U–Pb rutile age cluster at 320–330 Ma. The source rock lithology is predominantly of metapelitic origin. The Zr-in-rutile temperatures indicate amphibolite- to lower granulite-facies metamorphic conditions. Thus, the Variscan basement exposed in the Erzgebirge is assumed as proto source. The Middle Turonian to Early Coniacian samples from the Zittau Sandstone Mountains (Oybin, Lückendorf and Waltersdorf formations; upper Elbtal Group) yield similar U–Pb rutile ages with a cluster at 320–330 Ma. The source rock lithology is likewise predominantly classified as metapelitic and the Zr-in-rutile temperatures cluster in upper amphibolite- to granulite-facies metamorphic conditions. Exposures with high-grade metamorphic Variscan basement are assumed as likely proto sources for these sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary structures indicate a northerly source and thus contrast with direct input from the Variscan basement located to the south and east. Thus, the most likely sedimentary model is reworking of sediments that were eroded from the Variscan basement prior to the Turonian and deposited within a basin at the northern margin of the Bohemian Massif.

Graphical abstract
The seasonal occurrence of periodontitis – a retrospective cohort study from a practice-based research network
Authors: Peikert Stefanie Anna , Metzger Stephanie , Kruse Anne Brigitte , Mittelhamm Felix , Frisch Eberhard , Vach Kirstin , Ratka-Krüger Petra , Woelber Johan Peter
Published: October 2024

Objective

Many diseases are characterised by their seasonal appearance due to circannual changes in immune defence and a lifestyle that changes over the seasons. However, there is a lack of studies regarding the influence of seasonality on periodontitis. Therefore, the aim of this non-interventional, retrospective, observational study was to investigate the influence of seasonality on periodontitis.

Materials and methods

Periodontal parameters of 5,908 patients of a practice-based research network (PBRN) were analysed. Probing pocket depth (PPD), Bleeding on Probing (BOP) and tooth mobility were assessed for seasonal fluctuations.

Results

Within the PBRN patient data, seasonality was significantly associated with PPD of the individual months in patients with periodontitis. Pairwise comparison between the months showed significantly higher PPD in July compared to several months. PPD appeared significantly lower in December compared to June and November. Regarding season, the proportion of deep PPDs ($$\:\ge\:$$6 mm) was significantly higher in summer compared to autumn (p = 0.024). Concerning BOP, a significant difference between winter and autumn could be observed (p = 0.016). No seasonal influence was found for tooth mobility.

Conclusion

This practice-network based study indicated a tendency for seasonal variations in periodontal parameters among periodontal patients. However, the differences did not achieve clinical relevance.

Clinical relevance

Regarding the seasonality of several diseases there might also be an influence of seasons on the periodontium, which would have a potential influence on periodontal studies and daily periodontal examination.
Real-world fracture risk, osteoporosis treatment status, and mortality of Japanese non-dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease stages G3–5
Authors: Imanishi Yasuo , Taniuchi Satsuki , Kodama Sho , Yoshida Hisako , Ito Tetsuo , Kawai Ryota , Okubo Naoki , Shintani Ayumi
Published: October 2024

Background

Few studies have investigated fracture risk and mortality in a Japanese chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages G3–5 population using a large-scale clinical database.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study extracted data from 1 April 2008 to 30 April 2023. A single age–sex-matched control without CKD was matched with each non-dialysis CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) patient. The incidences of all and hip fractures and all-cause mortality after the index date were calculated.

Results

Among 76,598 (38,299 per group) individuals matched, the incidence of all fractures did not differ between the CKD and control groups (5.7% vs 5.8%; hazard ratio [HR] 1.022 [95% confidence interval CI 0.952–1.098], P = 0.542). The CKD group had higher risk of hip fracture than the control group (incidence of hip fracture, 1.7% vs 1.3%; HR 1.415 [95% CI 1.234–1.622], P < 0.001). Multivariable regression analysis showed an increased risk for hip fracture in the CKD vs control groups, and a greater difference in this risk was observed with younger age. Osteoporosis treatment and bone mineral density (BMD) measurements were 10.0% and 5.3% in the CKD group and 4.4% and 4.4% in the control group, respectively. Mortality was also higher in the CKD group (HR 1.413 [95% CI 1.330–1.501], P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Japanese patients with CKD had higher risk of hip fracture than those without. Treatment and BMD measurement for fracture are insufficient in Japanese patients with CKD, and more adequate management of fracture risk is needed.
Links between disasters of natural origin, economic development and gender inequality: evidence for latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Llorente-Marrón Mar , Díaz-Fernández Montserrat , Alonso-Mogollón Jorge Álvaro , Martínez Carolina Cosculluela
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the relationship between gender and disasters of natural origin (ND) by considering how the level of economic growth influences the losses caused by these events and how disasters also contribute to gender inequality. To this end, the effects of ND occurring during the 2000–2021 period in 20 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean are analysed using a structural equation approach with fixed effects panel data (SEM-FE) as an analytical tool. The results obtained are in line with previous literature that identifies population growth and economic growth as variables that drive the increase in loss of human life from NDs. The results show evidence of the mitigating effects of gender equality on the impact of NDs measured in terms of human life and of the negative effects of the impact of NDs on gender equality. The findings reinforce gender equality as a key element in preventing disasters and rebuilding a sustainable environment in their aftermath.
Evaluating the 1-year success and safety of ab interno canaloplasty in combination with cataract surgery in glaucoma patients
Authors: Nassri Lina , Prinz Julia , Schellhase Hannah , Fuest Matthias , Koutsonas Antonis , Plange Niklas , Kuerten David
Published: October 2024

Purpose

To evaluate the treatment success and safety of ab interno canaloplasty (AbiC) combined with cataract surgery in glaucoma patients.

Methods

The prospective case study included 43 eyes that received an AbiC combined with cataract surgery (age 73.3 ± 8.2 years). The 360° microcatheterization and viscodilatation of the Schlemm’s canal was conducted using VISCO 360 (Sight Sciences, CA, USA). The observation period was 12 months with visits at 2 and 6 as well as 12 months, 7 eyes were lost to follow up.

Results

The preoperative IOP was 19.8 ± 4.9 mmHg and was reduced to 14.5 ± 2.8 mmHg 12 months after AbiC (p < 0.0001). The relative IOP reduction was 23.6 ± 23.1% after 12 months. Topical glaucoma medication was also reduced from 2.4 ± 1.1 drugs to 1.1 ± 1.4 (p < 0.001) after 12 months. The complete surgical success rate (defined as IOP < 18 mmHg without topical therapy) was 31.6% whereas the qualified surgical success was 89.5% (IOP < 18 mmHg, with local therapy) There were no relevant intra- or postoperative complications.

Conclusion

AbiC in combination with cataract surgery is a safe and effective procedure to achieve a significant reduction of IOP and local glaucoma medication 12 months after surgery.
Screening auf Hepatitis-B-Virus (HBV-) und Hepatitis-C-Virus (HCV)-Infektionen in hausärztlichen Praxen – eine quantitative Umfrage in Niedersachsen
Authors: Bohnhorst Alina , Princk Christina , Stiel Stephanie , Afshar Kambiz
Published: October 2024

Hintergrund

Auf Beschluss des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses wurde zum 01.10.2021 das Screening auf Hepatitis-B-Virus-(HBV) und Hepatitis-C-Virus-(HCV)Infektionen als Teil der allgemeinen Gesundheitsuntersuchung in hausärztlichen Praxen eingeführt.

Ziel der Arbeit

Ziel dieser Querschnittsbefragung war es, die bisherige Umsetzung des Screenings exemplarisch für Niedersachsen zu untersuchen.

Material und Methoden

Im Sommer 2023 wurden 5253 Hausärzt:innen in Niedersachsen zur Teilnahme an einer Online-Befragung eingeladen. Der Fragebogen umfasste 62 Items unterteilt in fünf Themen: 1) Soziodemografie der Teilnehmenden, 2) Patientencharakteristika, 3) allgemeine Gesundheitsuntersuchung und Screening, 4) Diagnostik sowie 5) Aufwand, Beratung und Durchführbarkeit inklusive förderliche und hinderliche Aspekte. Die Datenanalyse erfolgte mittels deskriptiver Statistik.

Ergebnisse

Analysiert wurden 194 Fragebögen. Von den Teilnehmenden führten 97,9 % Gesundheitsuntersuchungen durch. Das Screening auf HBV- und HCV-Infektionen wurde von 90,2 % durchgeführt, mehrheitlich unabhängig von spezifischen Kriterien (71,7 %). Die Diagnoserate lag bei 44,3 %. Bei positiven Ergebnissen folgten Labortests (91,3 %) und Facharztüberweisungen (54,4 %). Als förderlich für die weitere Implementierung wurden u. a. zielgruppenspezifisches Informationsmaterial, eine erneute Durchführung und eine höhere Vergütung erachtet. Hindernisse lagen aus Sicht der Teilnehmenden u. a. in der Bürokratie und Stigmatisierung der Zielgruppe bei positivem Ergebnis.

Schlussfolgerung

Das Screening wird in den befragten Praxen mehrheitlich umgesetzt und ermöglicht die Detektion unentdeckter Infektionen. Maßnahmen zur Optimierung des Screenings sind z. B. eine gezielte Ansprache von Risikogruppen, die Möglichkeit zur erneuten Durchführung, Bürokratieabbau, die Erweiterung der Zielgruppe auf unter 35-Jährige und eine adäquate Vergütung.
Eine empirische Studie zum Zusammenhang von ökonomischer Kompetenz und Finanzverhalten unter Berücksichtigung individueller Präferenzen
Authors: Eberle Mira
Published: October 2024

Bereits 2008 hielt die Kultusministerkonferenz (KMK) fest, dass ökonomische Bildung zur Allgemeinbildung gehört (KMK 2008). Zu ihren Zielen gehört es nicht nur, Verständnis für wirtschaftliche Zusammenhänge und ökonomisches Handeln zu entwickeln, sondern auch Handeln anzuleiten (KMK 2008). Dennoch konnte sich die Politik noch nicht zu einer nationalen Strategie für eine curriculare Umsetzung durchringen. Im Zuge der Diskussion um die ökonomische Bildung in Deutschland sind Forschungsprojekte für eine evidenzbasierte Entscheidungsfindung unablässig. Eine solche Evidenz liegt für einen Effekt von finanzieller Bildung auf Finanzverhalten bereits vor. Demgegenüber ist die Studienlage in Bezug auf die Wirkung einer umfassenderen ökonomischen Bildung, wie 2008 von der KMK eruiert, noch rar. Dieser Beitrag liefert Erkenntnisse zum Zusammenhang zwischen dem breiten Konstrukt der ökonomischen Kompetenz und finanziellen Verhaltensweisen einerseits sowie individuellen Präferenzen, wie Geduld, andererseits. Dazu wurden Daten einer Befragung inklusive eines Kompetenztests von 2929 Lernenden der Sekundarstufe 1 aus Baden-Württemberg ausgewertet. Die Lösungen zu den Fragen des Tests wurden mit Hilfe der Item-Response-Theorie in eine auswertungsfähige Intervallskala transformiert. In Bezug auf die finanziellen Verhaltensweisen und individuellen Präferenzen wurde auf in der Forschung bereits erprobte und anerkannte Items, wie beispielsweise die CAEd Autonomy Scale von Micarello et al. (2012) oder zur Risikobereitschaft von Dohmen et al. (2011), zurückgegriffen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass ökonomische Kompetenz einen kleinen, aber statistisch hoch signifikanten Effekt auf Finanzverhalten und Präferenzen hat. Ökonomisch kompetentere Schülerinnen und Schüler in Baden-Württemberg zeigen sich gewissenhafter im Umgang mit ihren Finanzen.
Imputation Strategies in Time Series Based on Language Models
Authors: Jacobsen Michel , Tropmann-Frick Marina
Published: October 2024

Incomplete time series present a significant challenge for downstream analysis. In the field of time series, Large Language Models are already being used for prediction, classification, and, in rare cases, imputation. This study thoroughly examines the imputation of time series using Large Language Models. Within a defined experimental setup, current state-of-the-art time series imputation methods are compared with the performance of Large Language Models. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods are applied to adapt the Large Language Models to the imputation task. The results indicate that the models are suitable for time series imputation. The performance of these models depends on the number of parameters and the type of pre-training. Small specialized models, such as BERT, compete with models like Llama2 and outperform them on selected datasets. Furthermore, it becomes clear that the attention and feedforward network components of Large Language Models are particularly well-suited for adaptation to imputation, and parameter-efficient methods are also performance-enhancing.
Groundwater modelling for decision-support in practice: Insights from Sweden
Authors: Höglund Nikolas Benavides , Sparrenbom Charlotte , Barthel Roland , Haraldsson Emil
Published: October 2024

Groundwater is an essential resource for drinking water, food production, and industrial applications worldwide. Over-exploitation and pollution pose significant risks to groundwater sustainability. Groundwater models can be powerful tools for optimizing use, managing risks, and aiding decision-making. For this purpose, models should assimilate pertinent data and quantify uncertainties in outcomes. We examine applied modelling for characterization and decision support in Sweden from 2010 to 2023. We also review syllabi of water-related courses in Swedish higher education to assess the inclusion and extent of groundwater modelling education. We find that important academic advances in groundwater modelling over the past two decades have not translated into practical application within Sweden’s industry, that uncertainty quantification is rarely undertaken, and that groundwater modelling remains a low priority in higher education. Based on these findings, we offer recommendations that, while informed by the Swedish context, hold relevance for educational institutions, industry, and decision-makers internationally.
Factors impacting curricula in maritime simulator-based education
Authors: Karahalil Meric , Lützhöft Margareta , Scanlan Joel
Published: October 2024

The International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification, and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW) provides a foundational framework for maritime education and training (MET). However, variations in its interpretation across different nations and institutions lead to diverse teaching practices and strategies. This diversity stems from differences in national regulations, resources, cultures, and the perspectives of institutions and instructors. This study introduces a concept map to scaffold the key concepts influencing maritime simulator-based education. By examining both the education system and student factors, the concept map offers insights into these various factors through observations from simulator-based teaching sessions and discussions with maritime educators and students. This tool can help identify differences and highlight good practices. It is a valuable resource for stakeholders, promoting a novel approach to developing an effective, comprehensive, coherent maritime simulator-based education.
Less can be more: representational vs. stereotypical gender bias in facial expression recognition
Authors: Dominguez-Catena Iris , Paternain Daniel , Jurio Aranzazu , Galar Mikel
Published: October 2024

Machine learning models can inherit biases from their training data, leading to discriminatory or inaccurate predictions. This is particularly concerning with the increasing use of large, unsupervised datasets for training foundational models. Traditionally, demographic biases within these datasets have not been well-understood, limiting our ability to understand how they propagate to the models themselves. To address this issue, this paper investigates the propagation of demographic biases from datasets into machine learning models. We focus on the gender demographic component, analyzing two types of bias: representational and stereotypical. For our analysis, we consider the domain of facial expression recognition (FER), a field known to exhibit biases in most popular datasets. We use Affectnet, one of the largest FER datasets, as our baseline for carefully designing and generating subsets that incorporate varying strengths of both representational and stereotypical bias. Subsequently, we train several models on these biased subsets, evaluating their performance on a common test set to assess the propagation of bias into the models’ predictions. Our results show that representational bias has a weaker impact than expected. Models exhibit a good generalization ability even in the absence of one gender in the training dataset. Conversely, stereotypical bias has a significantly stronger impact, primarily concentrated on the biased class, although it can also influence predictions for unbiased classes. These results highlight the need for a bias analysis that differentiates between types of bias, which is crucial for the development of effective bias mitigation strategies.