bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the functioning of biofuel-powered engines based on a multi-criteria analysis
Authors: Markiewicz Marietta , Karolewska Karolina , Hujo Lubomir
Published: February 2024

Reducing the emission of exhaust gas components into the natural environment from the transport sector is a priority. In recent years, the European Union has published many legal acts that regulate the emission of exhaust gas components. One of the known ways to reduce them is to use alternative fuels to power combustion engines. The paper presents an assessment of the functioning of drive units powered by mixtures of diesel oil and fatty acid methyl esters. The AHP (analytic hierarchy process) method was used for the analysis, which made it possible to determine the values of individual assessments. Based on the analysis, it was found that the lowest exhaust emission parameters were obtained for a fuel mixture containing 30% fatty acid methyl esters.
Method of determining time for preventive diagnosis in city bus operation systems
Authors: Czyżewska Magda , Migawa Klaudiusz , Neubauer Andrzej , Szubartowski Mirosław
Published: February 2024

The article presents a mathematical model of the process of diagnosing and repairing preventive public transport buses. The mathematical model was developed using the theory of semi-Markov processes. The presented model considers two types of corrective repairs - carried out by the Technical Emergency Service and at Service Stations, and preventive repair. The presented model of the exploitation process system has been described to a small extent in the literature so far. The considered system is analyzed on the basis of two criteria: the availability of public transport buses and the profit per unit time. For the adopted assumptions, the conditions for the existence of an extremum of the criterion function were formulated. In the article, the presented model is illustrated based on sample results.
Diagnostics of the airless wheel by the combined method
Authors: Muślewski Łukasz , Zinko Roman , Demchuk Igor , Polishchuk Oleg , Rubanka Mykola
Published: February 2024

For construction and road machinery, tubeless tires made on the basis of elastic polyurethanes are being used more often. The diagnosis of airless tires made of elastic polymer materials in order to determine the conditions of their safe operation is becoming more and more relevant. The use of roller stands does not give accurate results, because the round support surface of the rollers introduces distortion. A method of obtaining basic parameters and characteristics on simple stands is proposed. Use their values for tire research and diagnostics in software environments such as Ansys, Solidworks, AutoCad. For the designed and manufactured sample of an airless wheel on the stands, the dependences of the change in the static radius of the wheel depending on the load and the change in the deflection of the wheel depending on the lateral force at different loads on the wheel were obtained. They became the basis for the initial parameters and characteristics of the wheel modeled in the Solidworks environment. Its properties were simulated for three cases of wheel rolling: “driven wheel”, “driving wheel” and “free wheel”. The obtained results show that the most difficult mode is the movement of the wheel on the deformable support base. In this mode, the opposite sides of the spokes work in tension and compression when blowing the spokes to a vertical state. The values of stress do not exceed the critical allowable ones during rupture or during compression for polyurethane. Therefore, it can be diagnosed that the wheel is in satisfactory condition.
Konservative Behandlung von chronischen Tendinopathien des Ellenbogens
Authors: Loewe Chris , Reuter Sven
Published: February 2024

Während es für die Therapie von chronischen Tendinopathien der unteren Extremität etablierte Behandlungsregimes gibt, sind die Therapieempfehlungen für chronische Tendinopathien des Ellenbogens oft weniger eindeutig. Die Autoren stellen verschiedene Behandlungsmöglichkeiten vor und bewerten diese.
Reduzieren Vitamin C, Vitamin D und Zink die Prävalenz und die Schwere viraler Atemwegsinfekte?
Authors: Lauscher Josephine , Rubin Diana
Published: February 2024

Die Rolle von Mikronährstoffen wie Vitamin C, Vitamin D oder Zink in der Prävention und Therapie von Erkältungskrankheiten wird seit Langem diskutiert. Die Evidenzlage hierzu ist gemischt, was der Heterogenität der Studienpopulationen, dem oftmals fehlenden Erregernachweis sowie der unterschiedlichen Dauer, Frequenz und Dosis der Mikronährstoffgabe geschuldet ist. Festgehalten werden kann, dass es sinnvoll ist, die Supplementation individuell an den Ernährungsstatus, an Grunderkrankungen und Laborparameter anzupassen. Ein Vitamin-D-Mangel sollte ausgeglichen werden. Von einer Vitamin-C-Supplementation profitieren insbesondere Personen, die unter hohem körperlichen Stress stehen, sowie jene mit Exposition gegenüber Menschen mit akuten Atemwegsinfektionen.
Maternal Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Congenital Heart Disease
in Offspring: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Liu Yun , Yue Lina , Chang Li
Published: February 2024

Maternal diabetes has been related to an increased risk of congenital heart
disease (CHD) in offspring. However, inconsistent results were retrieved for
studies evaluating the association between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)
and CHD in offspring. We therefore performed a systematic review and
meta-analysis for comprehensive investigation. Observational studies were
identified by searching PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science according to the aim
of the meta-analysis. A randomized-effects model was used to pool the data by
incorporating the influence of potential heterogeneity. Twenty-three
observational studies, involving 46953078 mother-child pairs, were available for
the meta-analysis. Among them, 2131800 mothers were diagnosed as GDM and 214379
newborns had CHD. Overall, maternal GDM was associated with a higher incidence
of CHD in offspring [odds ratio (OR): 1.32, 95% confidence interval
(CI): 1.21 to 1.45, p<0.001; I2=62%]. Sensitivity
analysis limited to studies with adjustment of maternal age and other potential
confounding factors showed similar results (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.30 to
1.51, p<0.001; I2=47%). Subgroup analysis suggested that
the association between maternal GDM and CHD in offspring was not significantly
affected by methods for diagnosis of GDM, methods for confirmation of CHD, or
study quality scores (p for subgroup difference all>0.05). Subsequent
analysis according to types of CHD showed that maternal GDM was associated with
higher risks of atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, and Tetralogy
of Fallot. Maternal GDM may be associated with a higher risk of CHD in
offspring.
Antivirale und viruzide Eigenschaften von ätherischen Ölen und ihren isolierten Verbindungen – Stand der präklinischen Forschung
Authors: Reichling Jürgen , Stange Rainer
Published: February 2024

Ätherische Öle (ÄÖ) als Vielstoffgemische sowie einzelne chemisch charakterisierte Ätherisch-Öl-Verbindungen (ÄÖV) haben zahlreiche pharmakologische Wirkungen, wie antibakterielle, antimykotische, antivirale, entzündungshemmende, immunmodulatorische, antioxidative und wundheilungsfördernde. Auf der Grundlage ausgewählter wissenschaftlicher Arbeiten befasst sich die vorliegende Übersicht mit den potenziellen antiviralen und viruziden Aktivitäten von ÄÖ und ÄÖV gegen behüllte und unbehüllte Viren. Neuere In-vitro- und In-vivo-Studien haben gezeigt, dass verschiedene Arznei- und Aromapflanzen antiviral und viruzid wirkende ÄÖ und ÄÖV enthalten, die in der Lage sind, in verschiedenen Wirtszelllinien die Vermehrung von DNA- und RNA-Viren zu behindern, indem sie wichtige Schritte des viralen Infektions-/Replikationszyklus blockieren. In-vivo-Studien an Mäusen mit Viren als Atemwegserreger haben gezeigt, dass verschiedene ÄÖ und ÄÖV das Leben infizierter Tiere verlängern, Virustiter in Gehirn und Lungengewebe reduzieren und die Biosynthese von proinflammatorischen Zytokinen hemmen können. Neuere Arbeiten auf technologischem Gebiet konnten nachweisen, dass nanoverkapselte ÄÖ/ÄÖV eine vielversprechende Möglichkeit darstellen, um die chemische Stabilität, Wasserlöslichkeit, Bioverfügbarkeit und antivirale Wirkung von ÄÖ und ÄÖV zu verbessern.
Effect of Time-Limited Training on Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection in an Ex Vivo Porcine Stomach Model: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Liu Xu , Shao Xiaodong , Shi Xiaodan , Kou Wenjing , Luo Yayuan , Bai Yanou
Published: February 2024

Introduction Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is the first choice for superficial tumor resection. There is no report on whether the training effect is affected by limiting the operation time of each ESD operation. This study aimed to prospectively evaluate the efficiency of time-limited ESD training by using an ex vivo porcine stomach model.

Methods ESD was performed in accordance with the standard procedure on ex vivo porcine stomach model. The time-limited group required each operation time to be controlled within 30 minutes, and the nonlimited group did not limit the operation time. The en bloc resection rate, surface area of the resected specimen, procedure speed, and perforation rate were compared in the two groups.

Results Compared with the en bloc resection rate in the time-limited group, that in the nonlimited group was significantly higher in ESD-1 and ESD-2. In each ESD procedure, the median resection area in the nonlimited group was significantly larger than that in the time-limited group. The difference in median procedure speed between the two groups in ESD-1 to ESD-4 did not reach significance in the statistical analysis. The speed of ESD-5 in the time-limited group was significantly higher than that of the nonlimited group. The perforation rate of the time-limited group was similar to that of the nonlimited group.

Conclusion Limiting the training time does not help the trainees to complete large resection of lesions and reduce the perforation rate, but it may help to improve the operation speed.
Size control of InP nanowires by in situ annealing and its application to the formation of InAsP quantum dots
Authors: Sasaki Masahiro , Akamatsu Tomoya , Tomioka Katsuhiro , Motohisa Junichi
Published: February 2024

We carried out in situ annealing of InP nanowires (NWs) in a metal-organic vapor phase epitaxial (MOVPE) growth reactor to control and reduce the tip size of InP NWs. InP NWs were grown by selective-area (SA) MOVPE on partially masked (111)A InP substrates, and annealing was successively applied in tertiarybutylphosphine (TBP) ambient. Initially, the InP NWs had a hexagonal cross-section with

{
11

2

¯

}

facets vertical to the substrates; they became tapered, and the edges were rounded by annealing. By appropriately selecting the annealing temperature and initial NW diameter, the tip size of the NW was reduced and NWs with a tip size of 20 nm were successfully formed. Subsequently, a thin InAsP layer was grown on the annealed NWs and their photoluminescence was investigated at low temperatures. The characterization results indicated the formation of InAsP quantum dots (QDs) emitting in the telecom band. Our approach is useful for reducing the size of the NWs and for the controlled formation of InAsP QDs embedded in InP NWs in photonic devices compatible with telecom bands.
Increasing gold nanostars SERS response with silver shells: a surface-based seed-growth approach
Authors: Parmigiani Miriam , Schifano Veronica , Taglietti Angelo , Galinetto Pietro , Albini Benedetta
Published: February 2024

A straightforward method to prepare surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) chips containing a monolayer of silver coated gold nanostars (GNS@Ag) grafted on a glass surface is introduced. The synthetic approach is based on a seed growth method performed directly on surface, using GNS as seeds, and involving a green pathway, which only uses silver nitate, ascorbic acid and water, to grow the silver shell. The preparation was optimized to maximize signals obtaining a SERS response of one order of magnitude greater than that from the original GNS based chips, offering in the meantime good homogeneity and acceptable reproducibility. The proposed GNS@Ag SERS chips are able to detect pesticide thiram down to 20 ppb.
Atomic ordered doping leads to enhanced sensitivity of phosgene gas detection in graphene nanoribbon: a quantum DFT approach
Authors: Deji R , Nagy G N , Choudhary B C , Sharma Ramesh K , Kashyap Manish K , Kahaly Mousumi Upadhyay
Published: February 2024

We explore a novel sensor for detection of phosgene gas by graphene derivatives such as pristine and doped graphene nanoribbons via first principles calculations. The interaction of phosgene molecule with various edge and center doped configurations of boron, phosphorus and boron-phosphorus co-doped armchair graphene nanoribbon (AGNR) and zigzag graphene nanoribbon (ZGNR) is investigated through density functional theory (DFT). P-doped systems showcase chemisorption, displaying enhanced sensitivity to phosgene detection as reflected by a more negative adsorption energy values, accompanied by a prominent charge transfer due to the doping. Regardless of nanoribbon geometry, the binding energies of P-doped systems exhibit notable uniformity within the range of −8.01 eV to −8.49 eV, however the adsorption energies in ZGNR are significantly lower than those observed in AGNR. Due to much higher(lower) electron-donating (accepting) capacity of phosphorous(boron) atoms in comparison to ‘C’ atom, substitutional doping with ‘P’ or ‘B’ atoms in AGNR has signifiant impact on the structural, electronic and adsorption properties of the nanoribbons. We observe that phosphorus doped configurations (edge/center) effectively interact with phosgene molecule with higher adsorption that corresponds to the chemisorption phenomenon. The strongest adsorption energy (−8.83 eV) is obtained for P doped configurations, followed by that for B+P co-doped AGNR (−4.23 eV). These results suggest significantly stronger adsorption of phosgene gas on P doped AGNR than on any other systems reported so far. Band structure analysis estimates that by phosphorus doping, changes in the band gap is significant and it also shows prominent changes in the band structures. Isosurface electronic charge density plots identify that the transfer of charge takes place from graphene system to phosgene molecule. Thus, significant variation in adsorption and electronic properties of P doped AGNR reveal that these geometries immensely promote the detection of phosgene gas, and may be considered as promising chemical sensor for phosgene removal.
Analysis of charged hadrons’ transverse momentum distributions in p + Pb and Xe + Xe collisions at LHC energies
Authors: Rehman Abdur , Khan Imran , Naseebullah  , Zaman Ali , Olimov Kh K , Iqbal Akhtar , Iqbal Mudasir
Published: February 2024

This paper is focused on comparative analysis of transverse momentum (

p

T

) distributions across two different sets of experimental data from ALICE at the LHC, juxtaposing with the Monte-Carlo models EPOS-LHC and EPOS 1.99 simulations. The chosen collision sets have approximately same per nucleon energy. We analyze the transverse momentum spectra of hadrons (

π

+

+

π

−

,

K

+

+

K

−

and

p
+

p
¯

) in p+Pb collisions at

s

N
N

=

5.02 TeV, and Xe + Xe collisions at

s

N
N

=

5.44 TeV spanning a rapidity range of 0 < yCM < 0.5, centrality of 0 to 5% (the most central or head-on collisions). Analysis of the Hadrons yield is crucial for understanding the mechanism of underlying hadronization in the hot and dense quark matter produced in relativistic heavy ion collisions. The experimental results are compared with the predictions of hydrodynamic models EPOS-LHC and EPOS-1.99. It is notably found that the maximum yields of various particles occur at low

p

T

.

Furthermore, the comparison showed a slightly better agreement between experimental results and the predictions of the EPOS-LHC as opposed to that of EPOS-1.99. The EPOS-LHC model significantly shows an enhanced agreement with experimental results in the case of Xe+Xe collisions as compared to p+Pb collisions.
An anti-aliasing filtering of quantum images in spatial domain using a pyramid structure
Authors: Wu 吴 Kai 凯 , Zhou 周 Rigui 日贵 , Luo 罗 Jia 佳
Published: February 2024

As a part of quantum image processing, quantum image filtering is a crucial technology in the development of quantum computing. Low-pass filtering can effectively achieve anti-aliasing effects on images. Currently, most quantum image filterings are based on classical domains and grayscale images, and there are relatively fewer studies on anti-aliasing in the quantum domain. This paper proposes a scheme for anti-aliasing filtering based on quantum grayscale and color image scaling in the spatial domain. It achieves the effect of anti-aliasing filtering on quantum images during the scaling process. First, we use the novel enhanced quantum representation (NEQR) and the improved quantum representation of color images (INCQI) to represent classical images. Since aliasing phenomena are more pronounced when images are scaled down, this paper focuses only on the anti-aliasing effects in the case of reduction. Subsequently, we perform anti-aliasing filtering on the quantum representation of the original image and then use bilinear interpolation to scale down the image, achieving the anti-aliasing effect. The constructed pyramid model is then used to select an appropriate image for upscaling to the original image size. Finally, the complexity of the circuit is analyzed. Compared to the images experiencing aliasing effects solely due to scaling, applying anti-aliasing filtering to the images results in smoother and clearer outputs. Additionally, the anti-aliasing filtering allows for manual intervention to select the desired level of image smoothness.
Non-Gaussianity detection of single-mode rotationally symmetric quantum states via cumulant method
Authors: Xiang 向 Shao-Hua 少华 , Huang 黄 Li-Jun 利军 , Mi 米 Xian-Wu 贤武
Published: February 2024

The non-Gaussianity of quantum states incarnates an important resource for improving the performance of continuous-variable quantum information protocols. We propose a novel criterion of non-Gaussianity for single-mode rotationally symmetric quantum states via the squared Frobenius norm of higher-order cumulant matrix for the quadrature distribution function. As an application, we study the non-Gaussianities of three classes of single-mode symmetric non-Gaussian states: a mixture of vacuum and Fock states, single-photon added thermal states, and even/odd Schrödinger cat states. It is shown that such a criterion is faithful and effective for revealing non-Gaussianity. We further extend this criterion to two cases of symmetric multi-mode non-Gaussian states and non-symmetric single-mode non-Gaussian states.
The evolution of the duckweed ionome mirrors losses in structural complexity
Authors: Smith Kellie E , Zhou Min , Flis Paulina , Jones Dylan H , Bishopp Anthony , Yant Levi
Published: February 2024

Background and Aims

The duckweeds (Lemnaceae) consist of 36 species exhibiting impressive phenotypic variation, including the progressive evolutionary loss of a fundamental plant organ, the root. Loss of roots and reduction of vascular tissues in recently derived taxa occur in concert with genome expansions of ≤14-fold. Given the paired loss of roots and reduction in structural complexity in derived taxa, we focus on the evolution of the ionome (whole-plant elemental contents) in the context of these fundamental changes in body plan. We expect that progressive vestigiality and eventual loss of roots might have both adaptive and maladaptive consequences that are hitherto unknown.

Methods

We quantified the ionomes of 34 accessions in 21 species across all duckweed genera, spanning 70 Myr in this rapidly cycling plant (doubling times are as rapid as ~24 h). We related both micro- and macroevolutionary ionome contrasts to body plan remodelling and showed nimble microevolutionary shifts in elemental accumulation and exclusion in novel accessions.

Key Results

We observed a robust directional trend in calcium and magnesium levels, decreasing from the ancestral representative Spirodela genus towards the derived rootless Wolffia, with the latter also accumulating cadmium. We also identified abundant within-species variation and hyperaccumulators of specific elements, with this extensive variation at the fine (as opposed to broad) scale.

Conclusions

These data underscore the impact of root loss and reveal the very fine scale of microevolutionary variation in hyperaccumulation and exclusion of a wide range of elements. Broadly, they might point to trade-offs not well recognized in ionomes.
Considerations for developing and implementing a safe list for alien taxa
Authors: Kumschick Sabrina , Fernandez Winzer Laura , McCulloch-Jones Emily J , Chetty Duran , Fried Jana , Govender Tanushri , Potgieter Luke J , Rapetsoa Mokgatla C , Richardson David M , van Velden Julia , Van der Colff Dewidine , Miza Siyasanga , Wilson John R U
Published: February 2024

Many species have been intentionally introduced to new regions for their benefits. Some of these alien species cause damage, others do not (or at least have not yet). There are several approaches to address this problem: prohibit taxa that will cause damage, try to limit damages while preserving benefits, or promote taxa that are safe. In the present article, we unpack the safe list approach, which we define as “a list of taxa alien to the region of interest that are considered of sufficiently low risk of invasion and impact that the taxa can be widely used without concerns of negative impacts.” We discuss the potential use of safe lists in the management of biological invasions; disentangle aspects related to the purpose, development, implementation, and impact of safe lists; and provide guidance for those considering to develop and implement such lists.
Oystershell scale (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) population growth, spread, and phenology on aspen in Arizona, USA
Authors: Crouch Connor D , Hofstetter Richard W , Grady Amanda M , Edwards Nylah N S , Waring Kristen M
Published: February 2024

Oystershell scale (OSS; Lepidosaphes ulmi L.) is an invasive insect that threatens sustainability of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) in the southwestern United States. OSS invasions have created challenges for land managers tasked with maintaining healthy aspen ecosystems for the ecological, economic, and aesthetic benefits they provide. Active management is required to suppress OSS populations and mitigate damage to aspen ecosystems, but before management strategies can be implemented, critical knowledge gaps about OSS biology and ecology must be filled. This study sought to fill these gaps by addressing 3 questions: (i) What is the short-term rate of aspen mortality in OSS-infested stands in northern Arizona, USA? (ii) What are the short-term rates of OSS population growth on trees and OSS spread among trees in aspen stands? (iii) What is the phenology of OSS on aspen and does climate influence phenology? We observed high levels of aspen mortality (annual mortality rate = 10.4%) and found that OSS spread rapidly within stands (annual spread rate = 10–12.3%). We found first, second, and young third instars throughout the year and observed 2 waves of first instars (i.e., crawlers), one throughout the summer and a second in mid-winter. The first wave appeared to be driven by warming seasonal temperatures, but the cause of the second wave is unknown and might represent a second generation. We provide recommendations for future OSS research, including suggestions for more precise quantification of OSS phenology, and discuss how our results can inform management of OSS and invaded aspen ecosystems.
Transcribing in the digital age: qualitative research practice utilizing intelligent speech recognition technology
Authors: Eftekhari Helen
Published: February 2024

The digital revolution provides many opportunities for researchers to develop and evolve data collection methods. A key process in qualitative research data collection is the transcription of interviews, focus groups or fieldwork notes. Transcription is the process of converting audio, video or notes into accessible written format for qualitative data analysis. Transcribing can be time intensive, costly and laborious with decisions and methods of transcribing requiring transparency. The development of intelligent speech recognition technology can change how qualitative data is transcribed. This methods paper describes audio data transcribing, current challenges, opportunities and implications in using intelligent speech recognition technology for transcribing. An application of this methodology is presented.
A probabilistic solution to geophysical inverse problems in complex variables and its application to complex resistivity imaging
Authors: Hase Joost , Weigand Maximilian , Kemna Andreas
Published: February 2024

We introduce a novel probabilistic framework for the solution of non-linear geophysical inverse problems in complex variables. By using complex probability distributions, this approach can simultaneously account for individual errors of real and imaginary data parts, independently regularize real and imaginary parts of the complex model, and still take into account cross-sensitivities resulting from a complex forward calculation. The inverse problem is solved by means of optimization. An application of the framework to complex resistivity (CR) imaging demonstrates its advantages over the established inversion approach for CR measurements. We show that CR data, with real and imaginary parts being subject to different errors, can be fitted adequately, accounting for the individual errors and applying independent regularization to the real and imaginary part of the subsurface conductivity. The probabilistic framework itself serves as a basis for the future application of global sampling approaches, such as Markov chain Monte Carlo methods.
Programmed differently? Testing for gender differences in Python programming style and quality on GitHub
Authors: Brooke Siân
Published: February 2024

The underrepresentation of women in open-source software is frequently attributed to women’s lack of innate aptitude compared to men: natural gender differences in technical ability (Trinkenreich et al., 2021). Approaching code as a form of communication, I conduct a novel empirical study of gender differences in Python programming on GitHub. Based on 1,728 open-source projects, I ask if there is a gender difference in the quality and style of Python code measured in adherence to PEP-8 guidelines. I found significant gender differences in structure and how Python files are organized. While there is gendered variation in programming style, there is no evidence of gender difference in code quality. Using a Random Forest model, I show that the gender of a programmer can be predicted from the style of their Python code. The study concludes that gender differences in Python code are a matter of style, not quality.
Comparison of the timing of spring phenological events between phenological garden trees and wild populations
Authors: Sweeney Calum J , Butler Fidelma , Wingler Astrid
Published: February 2024

Phenological research is engaged in monitoring the influence of climate change on the natural environment. The International Phenological Gardens (IPG) network provides a valuable dataset of standardized tree phenology records dating back to the mid-20th century. To make best use of this actively growing record, it is important to investigate how network data can be applied to predict the timing of phenological events in natural populations. This study compared clonally propagated IPG downy birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) and hazel (Corylus avellana L.) specimens of central European provenance to nearby wild populations at the western-most margin of the IPG network, in the south-west of Ireland. In addition to monitoring by trained scientists, observations by citizen scientists were included. The order of the timing of phenological events among sites was consistent across 2 years, confirming reproducibility of the results. IPG trees had the earliest B. pubescens leaf unfolding and C. avellana flowering dates of the sites studied. In addition, leaf unfolding occurred later in the wild populations than expected from the temperature responses of the B. pubescens and C. avellana IPG clones. Natural variation in phenology also exceeded the historical change observed at the IPG site, suggesting a potential genetic basis for climate adaptation. Trunk circumference, reflecting the age-dependent increase in tree size, was found to influence C. avellana phenology, with earlier timing of phenological events in larger trees. This finding highlights tree size as an important consideration in the management of phenological gardens and tree phenology research in general.
Introduction for Facilitators
Authors: Goldstein Naomi E. S. , Serico Jennifer M. , Haney-Caron Emily , Giallella Christy L. , Kalbeitzer Rachel , Zelechoski Amanda D. , Riggs Romaine Christina L. , Kemp Kathleen
Published: February 2024

This chapter introduces the Juvenile Justice Anger Management (JJAM) Treatment for Girls, an anger management and aggression reduction treatment designed for adolescent girls and young women placed in residential juvenile justice facilities. The treatment program lasts for eight weeks and comprises 16 90-minute sessions of cognitive-behavioral group intervention. The chapter points out that girls and young women involved in the juvenile justice system are likely to have symptoms of mental illness and histories of trauma. It highlights the significance of anger management treatment to the mental health needs of female youth in the justice system. Trauma, cultural differences, and substance use are additional factors that need to be considered when administering the treatment program.
Is Anger Normal?
Authors: Goldstein Naomi E. S. , Serico Jennifer M. , Haney-Caron Emily , Giallella Christy L. , Kalbeitzer Rachel , Zelechoski Amanda D. , Riggs Romaine Christina L. , Kemp Kathleen
Published: February 2024

This chapter covers the first session of the Juvenile Justice Anger Management (JJAM) Treatment for Girls. In this psychoeducational session the facilitators will present the purpose and structure of the group and the roles of the facilitators and group members. The session activities include an icebreaker, introduction, getting acquainted, role-play, setting ground rules, and wrap-up. The goal is for the participants to understand the importance of trust and getting to know each other. The chapter offers possible scripts, materials, and sequences for the activities and explains the purpose of the exercises. Facilitators are encouraged to provide specific individual praise to each participant at the end of the session.
Introduction to Social Aggression
Authors: Goldstein Naomi E. S. , Serico Jennifer M. , Haney-Caron Emily , Giallella Christy L. , Kalbeitzer Rachel , Zelechoski Amanda D. , Riggs Romaine Christina L. , Kemp Kathleen
Published: February 2024

This chapter covers Session 3 of the Juvenile Justice Anger Management (JJAM) Treatment for Girls. This session introduces the concept of social aggression. The facilitators discuss the price the girls might pay when they are the aggressor in a situation, such as losing a friendship or losing support. The participants learn that social aggression can cause just as many problems for them as physical aggression. The chapter provides materials, preparation, and activities for the session. The session also includes role-plays of anger and a social aggression sharing activity. Scripts for facilitators are provided to guide the girls through the process, and specific individual praise is provided at the end of the session.
Communication
Authors: Goldstein Naomi E. S. , Serico Jennifer M. , Haney-Caron Emily , Giallella Christy L. , Kalbeitzer Rachel , Zelechoski Amanda D. , Riggs Romaine Christina L. , Kemp Kathleen
Published: February 2024

This chapter provides the facilitator materials for Session 10 of the Juvenile Justice Anger Management (JJAM) Treatment for Girls. This session focuses on communication skills. Facilitators teach the participants how to talk to other people without ruining their relationships. The girls also learn how to be good listeners. “I” statements are preferred over “you” statements when expressing feelings. The Session 10 catch phrase is “Don’t fight, give it a try; use statements beginning with ‘I.’” The goal sheet encourages participants to communicate their feelings to improve their relationships while simultaneously controlling their tempers.
Preparing for Our Futures
Authors: Goldstein Naomi E. S. , Serico Jennifer M. , Haney-Caron Emily , Giallella Christy L. , Kalbeitzer Rachel , Zelechoski Amanda D. , Riggs Romaine Christina L. , Kemp Kathleen
Published: February 2024

This chapter provides the facilitator materials for Session 14 of the Juvenile Justice Anger Management (JJAM) Treatment for Girls. This session emphasizes the importance of asking for help. The girls will discuss their support systems and how the important people in their lives can help them stay out of trouble. The facilitators will help the participants set goals for themselves as motivation to stay on the right track after they leave the facility. The Session 14 catch phrase is “I’ll have nothing to dread if I plan ahead.” The goal sheet focuses on the importance of getting help in using the tools that the participants learned throughout the program. The participants are encouraged to identify a person outside the facility who they think will be able to help them stay on the right track by using their tools.
Triggers of Anger
Authors: Goldstein Naomi E. S. , Serico Jennifer M. , Haney-Caron Emily , Giallella Christy L. , Kalbeitzer Rachel , Zelechoski Amanda D. , Riggs Romaine Christina L. , Kemp Kathleen
Published: February 2024

This chapter presents the participant materials for Session 6 of the Juvenile Justice Anger Management (JJAM) Treatment for Girls. In this session the girls will discuss the different triggers of anger and how they can avoid them. The participants identify their own hot persons, hot places, and hot things. The chapter also provides examples of situations where they can practice avoiding triggers of anger. One example is when a friend invites them to hang out in the parking lot after school; since the parking lot is a hot place for them, the right thing to do is to avoid it.
Identifying Options and Consequences
Authors: Goldstein Naomi E. S. , Serico Jennifer M. , Haney-Caron Emily , Giallella Christy L. , Kalbeitzer Rachel , Zelechoski Amanda D. , Riggs Romaine Christina L. , Kemp Kathleen
Published: February 2024

This chapter presents the participant materials for Session 12 of the Juvenile Justice Anger Management (JJAM) Treatment for Girls. In this session the girls learn to identify options and consequences of different reactions to anger. The material reviews the tools for solving problems. The participant feedback form allows participants to reflect on examples of situations where they can practice identifying the prices or rewards of reactions to anger. An example is when a girl gets really mad at a staff member for yelling at her for talking too loud; it is useful for her to think about which coping tools have helped her to calm down in the past, such as self-talk.
Can I Be a Star?
Authors: Goldstein Naomi E. S. , Serico Jennifer M. , Haney-Caron Emily , Giallella Christy L. , Kalbeitzer Rachel , Zelechoski Amanda D. , Riggs Romaine Christina L. , Kemp Kathleen
Published: February 2024

This chapter presents the participant materials for Session 15 of the Juvenile Justice Anger Management (JJAM) Treatment for Girls. In this session the girls will review catch phrases and visuals, as well as the goal sheet from the previous session. The session also allows participants to think about and set goals. The point of this session is to practice all of the skills that the participants have learned and to act them out. The girls will write a play using the coping tools for controlling anger. The participant feedback form allows participants to assess everything that they have learned, which will help them when they feel angry in the future.
Positive Selection Drives cis-regulatory Evolution Across the Threespine Stickleback Y Chromosome
Authors: Shaw Daniel E , Naftaly Alice Shanfelter , White Michael A
Published: February 2024

Allele-specific gene expression evolves rapidly on heteromorphic sex chromosomes. Over time, the accumulation of mutations on the Y chromosome leads to widespread loss of gametolog expression, relative to the X chromosome. It remains unclear if expression evolution on degrading Y chromosomes is primarily driven by mutations that accumulate through processes of selective interference, or if positive selection can also favor the down-regulation of coding regions on the Y chromosome that contain deleterious mutations. Identifying the relative rates of cis-regulatory sequence evolution across Y chromosomes has been challenging due to the limited number of reference assemblies. The threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) Y chromosome is an excellent model to identify how regulatory mutations accumulate on Y chromosomes due to its intermediate state of divergence from the X chromosome. A large number of Y-linked gametologs still exist across 3 differently aged evolutionary strata to test these hypotheses. We found that putative enhancer regions on the Y chromosome exhibited elevated substitution rates and decreased polymorphism when compared to nonfunctional sites, like intergenic regions and synonymous sites. This suggests that many cis-regulatory regions are under positive selection on the Y chromosome. This divergence was correlated with X-biased gametolog expression, indicating the loss of expression from the Y chromosome may be favored by selection. Our findings provide evidence that Y-linked cis-regulatory regions exhibit signs of positive selection quickly after the suppression of recombination and allow comparisons with recent theoretical models that suggest the rapid divergence of regulatory regions may be favored to mask deleterious mutations on the Y chromosome.
Recruiting, retaining, and advancing women in policing: Lessons learned from the IAWP Gender-Responsive Policing Summit
Authors: Huff Jessica , Clinkinbeard Samantha S , Rief Rachael M , Dunlap Brenna , Zamouri Inès , Goodijohn Lexi , Meenagh Caroline , Champenstein Champ , Townsley Jane , Fernandez Mirko , Swanson Jessica
Published: February 2024

Despite persistent support for increasing gender diversity in US policing, women remain underrepresented. Yet, barriers to women in policing are not universal. Many police organizations in the USA and internationally have implemented promising gender-responsive approaches. The International and Nebraska Associations of Women Police (IAWP/NAWP) and UN Women convened a Gender-Responsive Policing Summit to share successful efforts to improve recruitment, retention, promotion, and wellness of women in policing. Researchers conducted systematic observations of Summit sessions, paying particular attention to solutions offered to advance gender-responsive policing. This instrumental case study summarizes lessons learned based on multistage inductive coding of Summit observation notes. Themes emerged around strategic planning and data use, leadership and promotion, health and wellness policies, associations, and support initiatives. This study provides real-world strategies police agencies can use to improve gender diversity, informed by police professionals committed to improving women’s experiences in policing on an international scale.
Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy Promotes Myelin Remodeling and Motor Function by Mediating Sox2/Fyn Signals in Rats With Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Fu Chaoqiong , Tang Hongmei , Liu Liru , Huang Yuan , Zhou Hongyu , Huang Shiya , Peng Tingting , Zeng Peishan , Yang Xubo , He Lu , Xu Kaishou
Published: February 2024

Objective

Hypoxic–ischemic brain injury in infants often leads to hemiplegic motor dysfunction. The mechanism of their motor dysfunction has been attributed to deficiencies of the transcription factor sex-determining region (SRY) box 2 (Sox2) or the non–receptor-type tyrosine kinase Fyn (involved in neuronal signal transduction), which causes a defect in myelin formation. Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) following cerebral hypoxia–ischemia may stimulate myelin growth by regulating Sox2/Fyn, Ras homolog protein family A (RhoA), and rho-associated kinase 2 (ROCK2) expression levels. This study investigated how Sox2/Fyn regulates myelin remodeling following CIMT to improve motor function in rats with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (HCP).

Methods

To investigate the mechanism of Sox2 involvement in myelin growth and neural function in rats with HCP, Lentivirus (Lenti)-Sox2 adeno-associated virus and negative control–Lenti-Sox2 (LS) adeno-associated virus were injected into the lateral ventricle. The rats were divided into a control group and an HCP group with different interventions (CIMT, LS, or negative control–LS [NS] treatment), yielding the HCP, HCP plus CIMT (HCP + CIMT), HCP + LS, HCP + LS + CIMT, HCP + NS, and HCP + NS + CIMT groups. Front-limb suspension and RotaRod tests, Golgi-Cox staining, transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence staining, western blotting, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction experiments were used to analyze the motor function, dendrite/axon area, myelin ultrastructure, and levels of expression of oligodendrocytes and Sox2/Fyn/RhoA/ROCK2 in the motor cortex.

Results

The rats in the HCP + LS + CIMT group had better values for motor function, dendrite/axon area, myelin ultrastructure, oligodendrocytes, and Sox2/Fyn/RhoA/ROCK2 expression in the motor cortex than rats in the HCP and HCP + NS groups. The improvement of motor function and myelin remodeling, the expression of oligodendrocytes, and the expression of Sox2/Fyn/RhoA/ROCK2 in the HCP + LS group were similar to those in the HCP + CIMT group.

Conclusion

CIMT might overcome RhoA/ROCK2 signaling by upregulating the transcription of Sox2 to Fyn in the brain to induce the maturation and differentiation of oligodendrocytes, thereby promoting myelin remodeling and improving motor function in rats with HCP.

Impact

The pathway mediated by Sox2/Fyn could be a promising therapeutic target for HCP.
Introducing Mechanically Assisted Cough for Patients With Progressive Neurological Disease: Patient–Physical Therapist Interaction and Physical Therapist Perspective
Authors: Andersson-Watz Anna , Nygren-Bonnier Malin , Bergdahl Elisabeth , Eriksson Crommert Martin , Svantesson Mia
Published: February 2024

Objective

The goal of this study was to explore the patient–physical therapist interaction and the physical therapist’s experience of the introductory session for mechanical insufflation–exsufflation (MI–E) device treatment for patients with progressive neurological disease.

Methods

Qualitative content analysis of participant’s observation of interaction between patients and physical therapists during 9 MI–E introduction sessions in different clinical care settings and 10 follow-up interviews with 6 physical therapists.

Results

The introduction of MI–E emerged as a process of instilling a sense of security in the patient. The process can be described in 4 steps: (1) gain understanding by being responsive to the person’s whole life situation; (2) share knowledge and expectations in a respectful and permissive way; (3) introduce the device in a gentle and reciprocal interactivity; and (4) adapt to home use in an inclusive dialog with the patient and their significant others. Physical therapists described a need for assurance to instill a sense of security in the patient, implying a need for confidence, competent peers, guiding yet flexible routines, and emotional support.

Conclusion

Physical therapists have a need to foster assurance in employing a person-centered approach to make a patient feel secure in the process of introducing MI–E treatment. Multiple modes of professional knowledge were used together with action-based and relational-based ethics to facilitate a person-centered care approach. This seems to be a promising approach for providing good care when introducing MI–E to patients. Further research is needed to explore this from the patient’s perspective.

Impact

This study added to the body of knowledge regarding MI–E treatment in relation to patients. This has direct implication, particularly for inexperienced physical therapists, for informed care for the patient during introduction. Our study also supports that person-centered care should be implemented at all levels of health care to make it possible for physical therapists to practice person-centered care.
Severity Classification of Limbal Stem Cell Failure Due to Steven Johnson Syndrome in the Light of the Classification Consensus of Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency
Authors: Akgun Zeynep , Palamar Melis , Egrilmez Sait , Yagci Ayse , Barut Selver Ozlem
Published: February 2024

Objectives:

To examine and to understand the limbal stem-cell deficiency (LSCD) because of Steven–Johnson syndrome (SJS) in line with the new classification system for the first time in the literature.

Methods:

Medical records of patients with LSCD because of SJS were reviewed retrospectively. In addition to demographic data and ophthalmologic or systemic findings, anterior segment photographs of the patients were reviewed retrospectively. Limbal stem-cell deficiency severity was graded according to the classification published by the Limbal Stem Cell Working Group.

Results:

Twenty-four eyes of 14 patients with eye involvement secondary to SJS were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 36.09±16.70 (9–58) years and the female-to-male ratio was 11:3. The anterior segment photographs of the patients were evaluated by two independent masked observers. Limbal stem-cell deficiency severity was graded according to the classification published by Deng et al. Corneal opacity was divided into three stages according to the area of involvement. Corneal opacity was classified as Stage I if the central 5 mm region of the cornea was not affected, as Stage II if the central 5 mm region of the cornea was affected, and as Stage III if the entire corneal surface was affected. Limbal involvement was classified as Stage A if it was below 50%, as Stage B if it was between 50% and 100%, and as Stage C if it was 100%.

Conclusion:

This is the first study in the literature to describe and classify LSCD because of SJS, according to the new LSCD classification. Consistent with the results, LSCD follows a bimodal distribution. Most patients demonstrated severe (Stage III—32.14%) or mild (Stage IA—21.42%) LSCD.