bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soil Fertility Levels in Bangladesh for Rice Cultivation
Authors: Biswas Jatish C. , Kalra N. , Maniruzzaman M. , Haque M. M. , Naher U. A. , Ali M. H. , Kabir W. , Rahnamayan S.
Published: July 2019

Determination of soil fertility with minimum data set for crop zoning and devising fertilizer recommendations as well as soil fertility evaluation method based on soil properties. The data were collected from existing literatures and scoring was done on 0–100 scale. The lowest score was assigned for the minimum value of tested attributes and then gradually higher scoring values. Arithmetic, weighted, geometric and most minimum of mean scores were calculated and their performances were compared with grain yield of dry season irrigated (Boro) rice. Soil fertility in 10-12 and 39-52% areas in Bangladesh are very low and low, respectively. Medium fertile and fertile soils are distributed in 17-41% and in about 8% areas of the country. About 55% soils scored 70–95 (medium to high SOC) and the rest belongs to inferior quality. In some areas P build up has taken place (25% areas), but widespread K mining. Sulphur and Zn status in about 40% areas are low to very low (scored <35 and <40). Soils of the major areas of the country are with low pH (5.0-6.0) and CEC in the range of 15-25 cmolc kg-1. Weighted mean score and most minimum of eight attributes score showed good relationships with dry season irrigated rice yields than other tested methods indicating that this technique can be used for soil fertility rating in tropical countries.
Some Inequalities for the Extension of k-Gamma Function
Authors: Ege Inci
Published: July 2019

In this paper, some inequalities involving the extension of k-gamma function are presented. Consequently, some previous results are recovered as particular cases of the present results.
Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis and In vitro Antimicrobial Study of the Root and Stem Bark Extracts of Ficus sycomorus Linn
Authors: Toma I. , Dahiru D. , Madusolumou M. A.
Published: July 2019

This study was conducted to carryout preliminary phytochemical analysis and in vitro antimicrobial activities of aqueous and ethanolic root and stem bark extracts of Ficus sycomorus. Qualitative phytochemical analysis for tannins, saponin, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, phenols, and reducing sugar was done using standard methods. The antimicrobial activities of the extracts were tested against four micro- organisms; Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysentrae, and Salmonella typhi. Agar well diffusion method was used for the antimicrobial studies. Phytochemical screening of both root and stem bark aqueous extracts showed the presence of tannin, saponin, terpenoid, flavonoid, alkaloids,  glycoside, steroid, reducing sugar, and phenol. Glycoside was not detected in both the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the root bark. The result of the antimicrobial studies showed that the aqueous root extract have higher antimicrobial activity ranging from (2-12 mm) on the tested microorganisms than aqueous stem bark extract (3-9 mm), while for ethanol extract both stem and root bark extract has almost the same effect or antimicrobial activity on the tested pathogens ranging from (2-15 mm) which is having higher activity compared to the aqueous extracts. The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of both the extracts were found to be 50 mg/mL and 100 mg/mL respectively.  From this study, it can, therefore, be concluded that the root and stem bark extract is a potential antimicrobial agent which support the claim of the traditional users of this plant in herbal medicine for the treatment of diseases that are of microbial origin.
Cleidocranial Dysostosis – An Enigma Developmental Bones Anomaly
Authors: Yusuf A. O. Adebola , Adeniyi A. , Oyedele T. A. , Akisanya C. O.
Published: July 2019

Cleidocranial Dysostosis, known also as Cleidocranial dysplasia, Mutational Dysostosis, Scheuthauer Marie-Sainton syndrome, is a rare condition which is characterized by delayed ossification of midline structures. Case study of the phenomenon has been reported here. Reports revealed that the classical association of a spectacular dental anarchy, with non-closure of cranial sutures, retention of deciduous teeth and delayed eruption of permanent denture and typical facies of underdevelopment raise strong suspicion of autosomal syndrome. The reviewed patient as a classic demonstration of cleidocranial dysostosis, succinctly represented the condition.
Crop Mulches for Increased Weed Control and Rice Productivity
Authors: Kaiira M. G. , Chemining’wa G. N. , Ayuke F. , Baguma Y.
Published: July 2019

A study was conducted to determine the influence of mulches of rice (R), maize (Mz), mucuna (Mc) and cymbopogon (C) on weed growth and rice yield. Twelve mulch treatments included MzRC, RMcC, MzMC, MzRMc, MzRC + one hand rogueing of weeds (hr), RMcC + hr, MzMcC + hr, MzRMc + hr, MzRC + one hand hoeing of weeds (hh), RMcC + hh, MzMcC + hh and MzRMc + hh, 2hh, 3hh, Butanil +1hh and a weedy check in a randomised complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The study was conducted both on-station and on-farm (2014). CMcRMz species were each planted in 24 plots under a RCBD replicated thrice and 3 crops uprooted from the plots were combined in equal proportions of different stover into four mulches (MzRC, RMcC, MzMcC & MzRMc). The experimental site was ploughed, divided into 48 plots under RCBD replicated thrice and the mixed mulches were applied (10-12.Mt ha-1) to 12 plots at planting. Higher rice growth was recorded under MzMc than RC mulches with or without a post mulch weed control. RC based mulches most effectively reduced weed density and biomass followed by MzMc mulches. 2hh and MzRMc mulch + 1hr produced similar rice yield but lower rice yield was under RMcC and Butanil + 1hh. Rice growth and tiller development reduced under the weedy check giving zero yields. The highest Striga was under Butanil + 1hh (8 Striga), followed by 3hh and 2hh (3 & 2 Striga). No Striga was recorded under cymbopogon mulches and weedy check. The highest returns on investment (ROI) were under 2hh (0.52 & 0.43) at the two sites and MzRMc + hr recorded high ROI (0.47) on station, similar to 3hh on-farm. Maize, rice, cymbopogon and mucuna have high potential to produce bio-herbicides with high rice yields.
Giant Euthyroid Goitre: Clinical Profile as Seen in Otorhinolaryngology Department of a Tertiary Health Institution, in Northwestern Nigeria
Authors: Aliyu Daniel , Iseh Kufre Robert , Semen Yikawe Stephen , Amutta Stanley Baba , Solomon Joseph Hassan , Adeyeye Folusho Mercy
Published: July 2019

Background: Goiter refers to a diffuse enlargement of thyroid gland. It has a high prevalence in adult population in endemic areas where iodized salt is not part of the regular diet.

Aim: We report the clinical profile of giant goiters seen in a tertiary hospital in Northwestern Nigeria.

Methods: A prospective study of all surgically operated cases of goiter carried out in a tertiary health hospital in Northwestern Nigeria, over a period of 6 years between January 2011 and December 2016. Bio data, duration of goiter, symptoms, geographical location, thyroid function tests, radiological reports and treatment were recorded and analyzed.

Results: Ninety-Seven patients were operated for goitre during the study period. Out of these 19 (19.6%) were giant goitres weighing between 900g-3200g. There were 13 (68.4%) females and 6 (31.6%) males with M: F ratio of 1:2.2. Age range was between 39 – 71 years with a mean age of 53.2 years. Prevalence was high in the 41-60 year age group. Duration of goiter in 13 (68.4%) of patients was between 11-20years. Retrosternal extension was observed in 7 (36.8%) patients. Tracheal deviation was the most common risk factor for respiratory complication in all the patients followed by tracheomalacia in 8(42.1%). Postoperative temporary Tracheostomy was carried out in 4(21.1%) of patients. Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury occurred in 2(10.5%). No mortality was recorded.

Conclusion: Respiratory complications are commonly associated with giant goiters, a pathology that is entirely preventive if diagnosed and managed at an early stage.
Early Warning System for Flood Disaster Prediction in Wetland Area in Greater Yola Using Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System
Authors: Bitrus Ishaya , Zirra P. B. , Omega Sarjiyus
Published: July 2019

Natural calamity disrupts our daily life activities; thereby bring many sufferings in our life. One of the natural disasters is the flood. Flood is one of the most catastrophic disasters. However, too much rainfall courses environmental hazard. These prompted to flood prediction in order to help communities and Government with the necessary tool to take precaution to safe human life and properties. This work was developed using an (ANFIS) Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System to compare some weather parameter (temperature and relative humidity) with rainfall to forecast the amount of rainfall capable of coursing flood in the study area. From the above graph (Fig. 22) it can be seen that the actual and the forecasted rainfall followed the same pattern from 2008 to 2010 with slight decrease in 2011. A high amount of rainfall in 2012 was forecasted to be flooded during that year and tally with the forecasted rainfall on the above graph in 2012. Based on the results on the graph, it shows that from 2014 to 2017 gives a constant flow between the actual and forecasted rainfall. It is predicted that the maximum amount of rainfall forecasted was 124.0 mm which is far below the recommended flood level of 160.0 mm which reveals that, River Benue would not experience flood disaster in the year ahead. The model developed was validated using (MAPE) Mean Absolute Percentage Error as 4.0% with model efficiency of 96.0% which shows very high excellent prediction accuracy.
Karrikins: Germination Stimulants Produced by Wildfires
Authors: Smith Steven M
Published: July 2019

Karrikins are simple organic chemicals produced by wildfires that stimulate germination of dormant seeds in the soil. They are present in the smoke and char produced by the fire and are washed into the soil by the following rains. Many plant species have evolved such that their seeds remain dormant in the soil until they encounter karrikins, whereupon they can germinate. This strategy has the advantage that emerging seedlings will have plenty of light and a supply of nutrients released by the fire. Such plants are termed ‘fire ephemerals’ because they appear after fires, then flower, produce seed and die. It is believed that karrikins mimic an unidentified endogenous germination hormone. Karrikins are also similar to endogenous hormones called strigolactones that control plant development. Karrikin perception by seeds apparently requires a protein closely related to the strigolactone receptor. Karrikins or smoke can be used to stimulate germination in horticulture and landscape revegetation.

Key Concepts

Wildfires stimulate seeds in the soil to germinate which contributes to rapid revegetation.

Seeds from many plant species are adapted to respond to chemicals produced by fire.

The most active germination stimulant produced by wildfires is a butenolide named ‘karrikin’.

Karrikins can influence germination and also seedling development.

The receptor protein and molecular components of the response pathway have been identified.

Karrikins mimic an ancient endogenous plant hormone that has not yet been identified.

Karrikins stimulate germination of agricultural weeds and so might be useful for their control.

Karrikins provide tools and knowledge to help us manage our natural landscapes.

Karrikins might be useful in seed conservation work and in seed banks.

The karrikin signalling system might be applied in crop breeding for environmental resilience.
M
ethanoculleus
Authors: Lai Mei‐Chin
Published: July 2019

N.L. neut. n.
methanum
, methane; N.L. pref.
methano
‐, pertaining to methane; L. masc. n.
culleus
, a leather bag, a sack for holding liquids; N.L. masc. n.
Methanoculleus
, methane‐producing bag.

Euryarchaeota / Methanomicrobia / Methanomicrobiales / Methanomicrobiaceae / Methanoculleus

Cells of
Methanoculleus
are irregular coccoids, occurring singly or in pairs, 0.5–2.0 µm in diameter. Stain Gram‐negative. Cells lysed by 1% SDS (w/v) due to its proteinaceous S‐layer composed of hexagonally arranged glycoprotein subunits with an apparent molecular mass of 101–138 kDa. Some strains are flagellated, but motility is not observed. Strictly anaerobic methane‐producing archaeon. The substrates for growth and methane production are H
2
/CO
2
or formate. Some species may also use 2‐propanol/CO
2
and 2‐butanol/CO
2
. Acetate is usually required as carbon source. Yeast extract or trypticase may be required. Mesophilic to thermophilic (range 10–65°C, optimal temperature 20–55°C), and there are only two moderate thermophiles within the genus
Methanoculleus
. The optimum pH for growth is about 7.0 (pH range 5.0–8.7). The optimum salt (NaCl) concentration for growth is about 0.08–0.19 M with a range from 0 to 1.3 M. The mol% G + C of the DNA is between 55 and 63. Habitats vary from sewage sludge, ground water, and palm oil mill to subsurface diatomaceous shale formation, mud from the Black Sea, volcano sediment, and marine gas hydrate core sediment.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 55–63 (
T
m
/Bd/LC/Gs).

Type species
:
Methanoculleus bourgensis
(Ollivier, Mah, Garcia and Boone 1986) Maestrojuán, Boone, Xun, Mah and Zhang 1990, 121
VP
(
Methanogenium bourgense
Ollivier, Mah, Garcia and Boone 1986, 300).
Hereditary spastic paraplegia and prominent sensorial involvement: think MAG mutations!
Authors: Roubertie Agathe , Charif Majida , Meyer Pierre , Manes Gael , Meunier Isabelle , Taieb Guillaume , Junta Morales Raul , Guichet Agnès , Delettre Cecile , Sarzi Emmanuelle , Leboucq Nicolas , Rivier François , Lenaers Guy
Published: July 2019

Homozygous mutations in MAG, encoding the myelin‐associated glycoprotein, a transmembrane component of the myelin sheath, have been associated with SPG 75 recessive spastic paraplegia. Here, we report the first patient with two compound heterozygous novel MAG mutations (p.A151V and p.S373R) and early developmental delay with a progressive complex phenotype characterized by spastic paraplegia, peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy, intellectual disability, and sensorial dysfunctions with severe optic atrophy and hearing involvement. Brain imaging showed progressive global cerebellar atrophy. We propose that complex hereditary spastic paraplegia, with axonal and demyelinating polyneuropathy, sensorial impairment and intellectual disability might suggest MAG mutations.
Perceptual representation of spam and phishing emails
Authors: Patel Pooja , Sarno Dawn M. , Lewis Joanna E. , Shoss Mindy , Neider Mark B. , Bohil Corey J.
Published: July 2019

Understanding how computer users allocate attention to features of potentially dangerous emails could help mitigate costly errors. Which features are salient? How stable is attention allocation across variation in email features? We attempted to measure the mental salience of several email features common in spam and/or phishing emails. We created two email sets: one in which messages contained company logos and urgent actionable links and one without these features. Participants rated pairwise similarity of emails within each set. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis was conducted to quantify psychological similarity between emails. A separate group rated the same emails for presence of five other features: important downloadable content, collecting personal information, account deletion or suspension, advertisement, and large images with clickable content. Regressing feature ratings onto the MDS coordinates revealed that similarity judgments were influenced mostly by advertisement/large images and collecting personal information, regardless of presence or absence of company logos and urgent actionable links.
A model statement does not enhance the verifiability approach
Authors: Bogaard Glynis , Meijer Ewout H. , Van der Plas Irina
Published: July 2019

The present experiment investigated to what extent providing participants with a model statement influences the ability of the verifiability approach to detect deception. Participants gave a true and false statement about a negative autobiographical event, with half of the participants receiving a detailed model statement just before giving their statement. We expected false statements to include more nonverifiable and less verifiable details than true statements and that providing a model statement would increase these differences. False statements indeed included more nonverifiable details than truthful statements but did not differ in the number of verifiable details. True statements included a higher ratio of verifiable details. The model statement encouraged participants to give a longer and more detailed statement. However, it prompted participants to increase the number of included verifiable—and not nonverifiable—details, regardless of veracity. Using a model statement did not influence the discriminability of the verifiability approach.
Quality‐Adjusted Life‐Years Lost Due to Physical Inactivity in a US Population With Osteoarthritis
Authors: Losina Elena , Silva Genevieve S. , Smith Karen C. , Collins Jamie E. , Hunter David J. , Shrestha Swastina , Messier Stephen P. , Yelin Ed H. , Suter Lisa G. , Paltiel A. David , Katz Jeffrey N.
Published: July 2019

Objective

One‐half of the 14 million persons in the US with knee osteoarthritis (OA) are not physically active, despite evidence that physical activity (PA) is associated with improved health. We undertook this study to estimate both the quality‐adjusted life‐year (QALY) losses in a US population with knee OA due to physical inactivity and the health benefits associated with higher PA levels.

Methods

We used data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to estimate the proportions of a US population with knee OA ages ≥45 years that are inactive, insufficiently active, and active, and the likelihood of a shift in their PA level. We used the OA Policy Model, a computer simulation of knee OA, to determine QALYs lost due to inactivity and to measure potential benefits of increased PA (comorbidities averted and QALYs saved).

Results

Among 13.7 million persons with knee OA, a total of 7.5 million QALYs, or 0.55 QALYs per person, were lost due to inactivity or insufficient PA relative to activity over their remaining lifetimes. Black Hispanic women experienced the highest losses, at 0.76 QALYs per person. Women of all races/ethnicities had ~20% higher loss burdens than men. According to our model, if 20% of the inactive population were instead active, 95,920 cases of cancer, 222,413 of cardiovascular disease, and 214,725 of diabetes mellitus would potentially be averted, and 871,541 potential QALYs would be saved.

Conclusion

Physical inactivity leads to substantial QALY losses in a US population with knee OA. Increases in the activity levels in even a fraction of this population may have considerable collateral health benefits, potentially averting cases of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus.
Effects of Heat Treatments on Compressive Deformation Behaviors of Lattice‐Structured AlSi10Mg Alloy Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting
Authors: Suzuki Asuka , Sekizawa Keito , Liu Mulin , Takata Naoki , Kobashi Makoto
Published: July 2019

The effects of heat treatments on the compressive properties of a lattice‐structured AlSi10Mg alloy with a body‐centered‐cubic‐type unit cell fabricated by selective laser melting are investigated. The as‐fabricated lattice specimen fractures and does not exhibit plateau region. Fractography suggests that the crack preferentially propagates along the α‐Al/Si eutectic microstructure near the α‐Al grain boundaries in the as‐fabricated lattice specimen. The heat treatments at 300 °C for 2 h and at 530 °C for 6 h decrease the flow stress and improve the ductility. The heat‐treated lattice specimens exhibit the plateau regions with stress drops, caused by the formation of shear bands. The shear band formation of the lattice specimen heat treated at 530 °C for 6 h is more significant than that of the lattice specimen heat treated at 300 °C for 2 h. X‐ray‐computed tomography reveals that struts in the shear band are deformed locally in a bending manner.
Modeling of Crystallographic Texture in Plastic Flow Machining
Authors: Vu Viet Q. , Toth Laszlo S. , Beygelzimer Yan , Kulagin Roman , Kobaissy Ali H.
Published: July 2019

Plastic flow machining (PFM) is proposed as a new severe plastic deformation (SPD) technique capable of producing ultrafine‐grained sheet metal from bulk sample. Herein, a model is proposed for the three strain paths that the material follows during the PFM extrusion process. The proposed strain paths are justified by modeling the texture evolution in good agreement with the experiments in the three deformation zones. Two polycrystal models are used to simulate texture evolution: the viscoplastic self‐consistent (VPSC) polycrystal approach and the Taylor‐type lattice curvature‐based grain fragmentation (GR) model. The simulations reproduce faithfully all three textures observed experimentally within the sheet. The experimental texture in the zone carrying the smallest strain is obtained with the VPSC approach, whereas in the higher strain region, the GR model reproduced the texture. The two main results of this modeling are as follows: 1) an example is presented for the successful identification of the deformation mode in a new SPD process with the help of the crystallographic texture. 2) At large strains, the VPSC model fails; it is the Taylor deformation‐based GR approach which is able to reproduce the experimental texture evolution.
The diagnostic utility of targeted gene panel sequencing in discriminating etiologies of cytopenia
Authors: Zheng Gang , Chen Ping , Pallavajjalla Aparna , Haley Lisa , Gondek Lukasz , Dezern Amy , Ling Hua , De Marchi Federico , Lin Ming‐Tseh , Gocke Christopher
Published: July 2019

The diagnostic utility of somatic mutations in the context of cytopenias is unclear: clonal hematopoiesis can be found in healthy individuals, patients with aplastic anemia (AA), clonal cytopenia of undetermined significance (CCUS) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). We examined a cohort of 207 well‐characterized cytopenic patients with a 640‐gene next generation sequencing (NGS) panel and compared its diagnostic utility with a “virtual” 41 gene panel. The TET2, SF3B1, ASXL1, and TP53 were the most commonly mutated genes (frequency > 10%). Mutations in the 640‐gene panel show high sensitivity (98.3%) but low specificity (47.6%) for diagnosis of MDS. Notably, mutations of splicing factors and genes in the RAS pathway are relatively specific to MDS. Furthermore, high variant allele frequency (VAF) predicts MDS: when the VAF is set at 20%, the positive predictive value (PPV) for MDS is 95.9%, with a specificity of 95.3%. The presence of two or more somatic mutations with ≥10% VAF showed a PPV of 95.2%. While the “virtual” 41‐gene panel showed a mild decrease in sensitivity (95.7% vs 98.3%), 100% specificity was observed when either VAF was set at ≥20% (100% vs 95.3%), or two or more somatic mutations had VAFs ≥ 10%. Our study shows targeted gene panel sequencing improves the diagnostic approach and accuracy for unexplained cytopenia, with its high sensitivity and high PPV for MDS when applying VAF cutoffs. Furthermore, a 41‐gene panel was shown to have at least comparable performance characteristics to the large 640‐gene panel.
Ellis‐van Creveld syndrome in a patient from Tanzania
Authors: Dekker Marieke C. J. , Sadiq Adnan M. , Jusabani Mubashir A. , Mdavire Vivian J. , Baas Frank , Morton David H. , Hamel Ben C. J.
Published: July 2019

We report an African infant with Ellis‐van Creveld (EVC) syndrome. EVC syndrome is a chondral and ectodermal dysplasia with autosomal recessive transmission. The baby presented with polydactyly, short limbs and atrioventricular septal defect, but was withdrawn from clinical follow up for the first year of life. Initial hematological abnormalities could not be explained and normalized later. EVC syndrome was confirmed by genetic analysis that showed two pathogenic mutations in the EVC2 gene, c.653_654del, p.Val218Glyfs*12 in exon 5, and c.2710C>T, p.Gln904* in exon 16. The variant c.653_654del; p.Val218Glyfs*12 in exon 5 has not been described before. Our review of medical literature suggested this is the first molecularly confirmed case of EVC syndrome in sub‐Saharan Africa.
Differentially methylated regions in bipolar disorder and suicide
Authors: Gaine Marie E. , Seifuddin Fayaz , Sabunciyan Sarven , Lee Richard S. , Benke Kelly S. , Monson Eric T. , Zandi Peter P. , Potash James B. , Willour Virginia L.
Published: July 2019

The addition of a methyl group to, typically, a cytosine‐guanine dinucleotide (CpG) creates distinct DNA methylation patterns across the genome that can regulate gene expression. Aberrant DNA methylation of CpG sites has been associated with many psychiatric disorders including bipolar disorder (BD) and suicide. Using the SureSelectXT system, Methyl‐Seq, we investigated the DNA methylation status of CpG sites throughout the genome in 50 BD individuals (23 subjects who died by suicide and 27 subjects who died from other causes) and 31 nonpsychiatric controls. We identified differentially methylated regions (DMRs) from three analyses: (a) BD subjects compared to nonpsychiatric controls (BD‐NC), (b) BD subjects who died by suicide compared to nonpsychiatric controls (BDS‐NC), and (c) BDS subjects compared to BD subjects who died from other causes (BDS‐BDNS). One DMR from the BDS‐NC analysis, located in ARHGEF38, was significantly hypomethylated (23.4%) in BDS subjects. This finding remained significant after multiple testing (PBootstrapped = 9.0 × 10−3), was validated using pyrosequencing, and was more significant in males. A secondary analysis utilized Ingenuity Pathway Analysis to identify enrichment in nominally significant DMRs. This identified an association with several pathways including axonal guidance signaling, calcium signaling, β‐adrenergic signaling, and opioid signaling. Our comprehensive study provides further support that DNA methylation alterations influence the risk for BD and suicide. However, further investigation is required to confirm these associations and identify their functional consequences.
Fetal cervical hyperextension in arthrogryposis
Authors: Hall Judith G.
Published: July 2019

Perhaps the most dramatic position of a newborn after delivery is when there is hyperextension of the neck and spine. It will have been presented in utero and today, almost always, such babies will have been delivered by C‐section. The associated anomalies are variable. The process(es) that can lead to cervical hyperextension is/are largely unknown. The outcome is variable from lethal to completely resolve. Individuals with arthrogryposis and in particular with Amyoplasia appear to have an increased frequency of neck, cervical, and spine hyperextension at birth. We present here 41 cases of arthrogryposis (mainly Amyoplasia) with fetal cervical hyperextension. The outlook is surprisingly good if spinal cord trauma does not occur. Ultrasound late in pregnancy when arthrogryposis is recognized prenatally should determine whether cervical hyperextension has developed, so that appropriate preventive measures can be taken.
Metal‐Free Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydroquinolin‐2(1H)‐Ones via Cascade Oxidative Decarbonylative Radical Alkylation/Cyclization of Cinnamamides with Aliphatic Aldehydes
Authors: Xu Xuemei , Luo Zaigang , Liu Chen‐Fu , Wang Xiuxiu , Deng Liangdan , Gao Jie
Published: July 2019

A practical and efficient method for synthesis of alkyl‐substituted 3,4‐dihydroquinolin‐2(1H)‐ones via cascade oxidative decarbonylative radical alkylation/cyclization of cinnamamides with aliphatic aldehydes under metal‐free conditions was developed. The reaction offers a complementary approach of regioselective intramolecular 6‐endo‐trig cyclization of cinnamamides with various primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl radicals generated from aliphatic aldehydes.
An Unprecedented Cyclization Mechanism in the Biosynthesis of Carbazole Alkaloids in Streptomyces
Authors: Kobayashi Masaya , Tomita Takeo , Shin‐ya Kazuo , Nishiyama Makoto , Kuzuyama Tomohisa
Published: July 2019

Carquinostatin A (CQS), a potent neuroprotective substance, is a unique carbazole alkaloid with both an ortho‐quinone function and an isoprenoid moiety. We identified the entire gene cluster responsible for CQS biosynthesis in Streptomyces exfoliatus through heterologous production of CQS and gene deletion. Biochemical characterization of seven CQS biosynthetic gene products (CqsB1–7) established the total biosynthetic pathway of CQS. Reconstitution of CqsB1 and CqsB2 showed that the synthesis of the carbazole skeleton involves CqsB1‐catalyzed decarboxylative condensation of an α‐hydroxyl‐β‐keto acid intermediate with 3‐hydroxybutyryl‐ACP followed by CqsB2‐catalyzed oxidative cyclization. Based on crystal structures and mutagenesis‐based biochemical assays, a detailed mechanism for the unique deprotonation‐initiated cyclization catalyzed by CqsB2 is proposed. Finally, analysis of the substrate specificity of the biosynthetic enzymes led to the production of novel carbazoles.
Observation of the Low‐Frequency Spectrum of the Water Dimer as a Sensitive Test of the Water Dimer Potential and Dipole Moment Surfaces
Authors: Schwan Raffael , Qu Chen , Mani Devendra , Pal Nitish , van der Meer Lex , Redlich Britta , Leforestier Claude , Bowman Joel M. , Schwaab Gerhard , Havenith Martina
Published: July 2019

Using the helium nanodroplet isolation setup at the ultrabright free‐electron laser source FELIX in Nijmegen (BoHeNDI@FELIX), the intermolecular modes of water dimer in the frequency region from 70 to 550 cm−1 were recorded. Observed bands were assigned to donor torsion, acceptor wag, acceptor twist, intermolecular stretch, donor torsion overtone, and in‐plane and out‐of‐plane librational modes. This experimental data set provides a sensitive test for state‐of‐the‐art water potentials and dipole moment surfaces. Theoretical calculations of the IR spectrum are presented using high‐level quantum and approximate quasiclassical molecular dynamics approaches. These calculations use the full‐dimensional ab initio WHHB potential and dipole moment surfaces. Based on the experimental data, a considerable increase of the acceptor switch and a bifurcation tunneling splitting in the librational mode is deduced, which is a consequence of the effective decrease in the tunneling barrier.
Guideline Implementation: A Safe Environment of Care
Authors: Link Terri
Published: July 2019

The OR can be a hazardous environment for both patients and personnel. Low lighting, fluid on the floor, combustible and noxious chemicals, multiple pieces of equipment with cords, the fast pace, and numerous distractions are only some of the factors that can lead to an accident or injury. The AORN “Guideline for a safe environment of care” provides guidance to perioperative personnel on identifying hazards and implementing processes to mitigate risks in the perioperative setting. This article elaborates on key takeaways from the guideline, including precautions to reduce the risk of OR fires; occupational injuries associated with slips, trips, and falls; and handling, storing, and using hazardous chemicals. Perioperative RNs should review the complete guideline for additional information and for guidance when writing and updating policies and procedures.
Natural‐based polymers for antibacterial treatment of absorbent materials
Authors: Kaplan Sibel , Aslan Selçuk , Ulusoy Seyhan , Oral Ayhan
Published: July 2019

In this study, polypropylene (PP) nonwoven fabric which can be used as topsheet layer of an absorbent hygienic product was modified by natural based antibacterial agents. Antibacterial herbal agents (cinnamaldehyde, geraniol, phenylethyl alcohol) were sprayed by ethanol or applied by means of polylactic acid (PLA) and polycyclohexene oxide (PCHO) based polymers prepared by three different chemical methods. Characterization of synthesized materials was conductedviathermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X–ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDX). Besides characterization, antibacterial and pH buffering performances of antibacterial polymers alone and on PP fabric were tested by antibacterial and pH tests. Effects of antibacterial treatments on air permeability and absorption period of nonwoven fabrics were also analyzed. According to the results, biopolymers changed the thermal stability of PP nonwoven fabric. Antibacterial performances can be ranked as cinnamaldehyde, geraniol, and phenylethyl alcohol from the best. Besides a slight decrease about liquid absorption performance, all of the treated topsheet fabrics are sufficient for an absorbent hygienic product. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2020,137, 48302.
Design and synthesis of 1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine derivatives as PDE 4B inhibitors endowed with bronchodilator activity
Authors: Abd El‐Aleam Rehab H. , George Riham F. , Lee Kevin J. , Keeton Adam B. , Piazza Gary A. , Kamel Amr A. , El‐Daly Mahmoud E. , Hassan Ghaneya S. , Abdel‐Rahman Hamdy M.
Published: July 2019

A series of 1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine derivatives was designed, synthesized, and screened for their phosphodiesterase (PDE 4B) inhibitory activity and bronchodilation ability. Compound 7e showed 41.80% PDE 4B inhibition at 10 µM. Eight compounds were screened for their bronchodilator activity, where compounds 7f and 7e elicited promising bronchodilator activity with EC50 values of 18.6 and 57.1 µM, respectively, compared to theophylline (EC50 = 425 µM). Molecular docking at the PDE 4B active site revealed a binding mode and docking scores comparable to those of a reference ligand, consistent with their PDE 4B inhibition activity.
Increased Adhesive Potential of Antiphospholipid Syndrome Neutrophils Mediated by β2 Integrin Mac‐1
Authors: Sule Gautam , Kelley William J. , Gockman Kelsey , Yalavarthi Srilakshmi , Vreede Andrew P. , Banka Alison L. , Bockenstedt Paula L. , Eniola‐Adefeso Omolola , Knight Jason S.
Published: July 2019

Objective

While the role of antiphospholipid antibodies in activating endothelial cells has been extensively studied, the impact of these antibodies on the adhesive potential of leukocytes has received less attention. This study was undertaken to investigate the extent to which antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) neutrophils adhere to resting endothelial cells under physiologic flow conditions and the surface molecules required for that adhesion.

Methods

Patients with primaryAPS(n = 43), patients with a history of venous thrombosis but negative test results for antiphospholipid antibodies (n = 11), and healthy controls (n = 38) were studied. Cells were introduced into a flow chamber and perfused across resting human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Surface adhesion molecules were quantified by flow cytometry. Neutrophil extracellular trap release (NETosis) was assessed in neutrophil‐HUVECcocultures.

Results

Upon perfusion of anticoagulated blood through the flow chamber,APSneutrophils demonstrated increased adhesion as compared to control neutrophils under conditions representative of either venous (n = 8;P< 0.05) or arterial (n = 15;P< 0.0001) flow. At the same time,APSneutrophils were characterized by up‐regulation ofCD64,CEACAM1, β2‐glycoprotein I, and activated Mac‐1 on their surface (n = 12–18;P< 0.05 for all markers). Exposing control neutrophils toAPSplasma orAPSIgG resulted in increased neutrophil adhesion (n = 10–11;P< 0.0001) and surface marker up‐regulation as compared to controls. A monoclonal antibody specific for activated Mac‐1 reduced the adhesion ofAPSneutrophils in the flow‐chamber assay (P< 0.01). The same monoclonal antibody reducedNETosis in neutrophil–HUVECcocultures (P< 0.01).

Conclusion

APSneutrophils demonstrate increased adhesive potential, which is dependent upon the activated form of Mac‐1. In patients, this could lower the threshold for neutrophil–endothelium interactions,NETosis, and possibly thrombotic events.
High‐Density Lipoprotein in Lupus: Disease Biomarkers and Potential Therapeutic Strategy
Authors: Kim Sang Yeop , Yu Minzhi , Morin Emily E. , Kang Jukyung , Kaplan Mariana J. , Schwendeman Anna
Published: July 2019

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients exhibit accelerated development of atherosclerosis and increased incidents of cardiovascular disease (CVD) that cannot be explained by traditional risk factors alone. Accumulating evidence suggests that reduced levels of high‐density lipoproteins (HDLs), along with altered HDL composition and function, may contribute to the accelerated atherosclerosis in SLE patients. Normally, HDLs play various atheroprotective roles through facilitating cholesterol efflux, inhibiting vascular inflammation, and scavenging oxidative species. However, systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and autoimmunity in SLE patients induce changes in HDL size distribution and proteomic and lipidomic signatures. These compositional changes in HDLs result in the formation of proinflammatory, dysfunctional HDL. These lupus‐altered HDLs have impaired antiatherogenic function with reduced cholesterol efflux capacities, impaired antioxidation abilities, and diminished antiinflammatory properties. In fact, dysfunctional HDL may promote atherogenesis by inducing inflammation. Thus, dysfunctional HDLs could be an important biomarker of accelerated atherosclerosis in lupus. Additionally, HDL‐targeted therapies, especially infusion of reconstituted HDLs, may serve as a potential therapeutic intervention for SLE patients with CVD.
Stable Acetals of Glyoxal as Electrolyte Solvents for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hess Lars H. , Wankmüller Simon , Köps Lukas , Bothe Annika , Balducci Andrea
Published: July 2019

In this manuscript, we report for the first time about the use of the glyoxylic‐acetals‐based electrolytes in combination with graphite electrodes. We showed that these innovative electrolytes display good viscosities and conductivities, as well as higher thermal stability and flash points compared to the electrolyte based on conventional solvents. Additionally, they display intrinsic film‐forming ability and they can be successfully used in combination with graphite electrodes.
Noncoding RNAs in development and teratology, with focus on effects of cannabis, cocaine, nicotine, and ethanol
Authors: Pinson Marisa R. , Miranda Rajesh C.
Published: July 2019

Completion of the Human Genome Project has led to the identification of a large number of transcription start sites that are not paired with protein‐coding genes, supporting the growing recognition of the abundance of encoded nonprotein‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and their importance for speciation and species‐specific development. Present in both plants and animals, ncRNAs vary in size, function, primary sequence, and secondary structure. While microRNAs (miRNAs) are the best known, there are a number of other ncRNAs (long[er] nonprotein‐coding RNA, pseudogenes, circular RNAs, and so on) that have been shown to play an important role in the development either directly or via networks of proteins and other ncRNAs, including modulating the impact of miRNAs. Furthermore, these ncRNAs and their developmental regulatory networks are sensitive to teratogens such as ethanol, cannabis, cocaine, and nicotine. A better understanding of the developmental role of ncRNAs and their capacity to mediate teratogenesis is a necessary step in efforts to minimize the long‐term consequences of developmental exposures to drugs‐of‐abuse. Moreover, with increasing awareness of the prevalence of polydrug use, experimental models will need to incorporate more complex drug exposure paradigms into meaningful assessments of developmental ncRNA function.
Multi‐institutional analysis of the prognostic significance of postoperative complications after curative resection for gastric cancer
Authors: Kanda Mitsuro , Ito Seiji , Mochizuki Yoshinari , Teramoto Hitoshi , Ishigure Kiyoshi , Murai Toshifumi , Asada Takahiro , Ishiyama Akiharu , Matsushita Hidenobu , Tanaka Chie , Kobayashi Daisuke , Fujiwara Michitaka , Murotani Kenta , Kodera Yasuhiro
Published: July 2019

Background

Insufficient data are available on the prognostic significance of complications after resection of gastric cancer. Therefore, we aimed to assess this gap in our knowledge by studying patients with resectable gastric cancer.

Methods

A multi‐institutional retrospective database comprising clinical information of 3575 patients who received resection of gastric cancer from 2010 to 2014 at nine institutions. Grades 2 or greater complications of the Clavien‐Dindo classification were judged as clinically relevant postoperative complications, and their associations with postoperative survival were assessed. We assessed the effect of complications on times of initiation and continuation of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy by S‐1.

Results

A total of 2954 patients were included in the analysis. Clinically relevant postoperative complications occurred in 664 (23%) patients. Patients’ recurrence‐free survival rate incrementally decreased as the grade of complications became greater. Patients with abdominal complications (eg, leakage of pancreatic fluids, intra‐abdominal abscess, and anastomotic leakage) and those with nonabdominal complications (eg, pneumonia) experienced worse recurrence‐free survival compared to those without complications. Patients who had complications were generally at greater risk of disease recurrence, except for those who underwent laparoscopic surgery and those with pathological stage I. Delayed initiation and shorter continuation of adjuvant S‐1 chemotherapy was experienced by patients with postoperative complications.

Conclusions

Postoperative complications adversely affected the prognosis in patients with resectable gastric cancer.
Prognostic nomograms to predict overall survival and cancer‐specific survival in patients with pelvic chondrosarcoma
Authors: Chen Li , Long Cheng , Liu Jiaxin , Duan Xin , Xiang Zhou
Published: July 2019

Background

The pelvis is the most common site of chondrosarcoma (CS), and the prognosis for patients with pelvic CS is worse than that for patients with CS in the extremities. However, clinicians have had few tools for estimating the likelihood of survival in patients with pelvic CS. Our aim was to develop nomograms to predict survival of patients with pelvic CS.

Methods

Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database of patients with pelvic CS between 2004 and 2016 were retrieved for retrospective analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were used to identify independent prognostic factors. On the basis of the results of the multivariate analyses, nomograms were constructed to predict the likelihood of 3‐ and 5‐year overall survival (OS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) of patients with pelvic CS. The concordance index (C‐index) and calibration curves were used to test the models.

Results

In univariate and multivariate analyses of OS, sex, pathologic grade, tumor size, tumor stage, and surgery were identified as the independent risk factors. In univariate and multivariate analyses of CSS, pathologic grade, tumor size, tumor stage, and surgery were identified as the independent risk factors. These characteristics except surgery were integrated in the nomograms for predicting 3‐ and 5‐year OS and CSS, and the C‐indexes were 0.758 and 0.786, respectively.

Conclusion

The nomograms precisely and individually predict OS and CSS of patients with pelvic CS and could aid in personalized prognostic evaluation and individualized clinical decision‐making.
Self‐paced English as a Foreign Language in a Competency Based Education program for Korean learners
Authors: Vail Timothy
Published: July 2019

Introduction

This research project is an action research investigation into the breadth and effectiveness of self‐paced study in comparison with traditional fixed‐paced learning in the researcher's instructional environment and self‐owned English language institute.

Background

There were nine South Korean English as a Foreign Language (EFL) adult students who participated in the study and who were previously enrolled in the school to improve their English conversational ability.

Methods

The nine students were split into two groups of self‐ and fixed‐paced study using a Competency Based Education (CBE) model, and the instruction covered the exact same material and competencies in both classes. From those students, mixed data (both quantitative and qualitative) were gathered both before and after instruction, as well as some observation in the middle of the lessons. The study measured the performance differences as well as the range of benefits received due to each program methodology.

Results

The resulting data demonstrated that students who were underperforming their peers in the fixed‐paced study improved and outperformed their peers after taking a self‐paced program and could answer on average 20% more accurately on questions posed to them about the material and about themselves in English. They also displayed a number of other benefits to their learning including confidence, quantity of learned material, and better time management and flexibility.

Discussion

Although the sample size was too small to draw conclusions for other populations, this pilot study confirmed for this population that self‐paced study was more beneficial and led to the Institute discontinuing the fixed‐pace program altogether.
Short‐term clinical outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention of unprotected left main coronary disease in cardiogenic shock
Authors: Castro‐Mejía Alex F. , Ortega‐Armas María E. , Mejía‐Rentería Hernán , Gonzalo Nieves , Salinas Pablo , Nombela‐Franco Luis , del Trigo María , Jiménez‐Quevedo Pilar , Escaned Javier , Fernández‐Ortiz Antonio , Macaya Carlos , Nuñez‐Gil Iván J.
Published: July 2019

Background

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of left main (LM) disease in patients with cardiogenic shock (CS) represents a clinical challenge. Evidence on clinical outcomes according to revascularization strategies in this scenario remains scarce. The objective was to investigate the short‐term outcomes according to treatment strategies for this population.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 78 consecutive patients who underwent PCI of LM in established CS at two experienced centers. Characteristics of PCI and short‐term clinical outcomes were assessed.

Results

LM stenosis was considered the culprit lesion in 49 patients (62.8%). In the remaining cases, LM stenosis was treated after successful PCI of the culprit vessel because of persistent CS. The majority of patients presented complex coronary anatomy (43.6% had Syntax score > 32). Complete revascularization was performed in 34.6%; a 2‐stents technique in the LM bifurcation was used in 12.8% and intra‐aortic balloon pump (IABP) in 73.1%. In‐hospital mortality was 48.7%. At 90 days follow‐up it was 50% without differences between 1 or 2 stent LM bifurcation‐techniques (p = .319). Mortality was higher in patients with partial revascularization and residual Syntax score ≥ 15 (p < .05 by univariate analysis), and in those with TIMI flow<3 in the left coronary artery at the end of PCI (p < .05 by multivariate analysis). There were no significant differences in the use of IABP in relation to 90‐day mortality (p = .92).

Conclusions

In patients presenting with cardiogenic shock and LM disease, neither 2‐stents strategy in the LM nor use of IABP displayed a reduced short‐term mortality. However, patients with final TIMI flow <3 presented higher short‐term mortality in our series.