bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Control of Resistant Colorado Potato Beetles, Andover, Mn, 1994
Authors: Noetzel David M. , Miller Jennifer
Published: December 2017

The trial was located near the 1993 trial in this area. Soils were of a muck, or high organic matter, type and were not irrigated. Soil treatments were made 24 hr post plant (6 May). Plots were 4 rows 25 ft. in length. Treatments were arranged in an RCB design, replicated 4 times. Planting ridges were opened, Admire 2F in 20 gal total material applied near the seed pieces, and covered to seeding depth. Soil moisture was excellent. Foliars were broadcast in 20 gal total material on 14, 21, 28 June; 6, 12, and 19 July. 2nd generation adults began to appear the 3rd week of July and plant decline proceeded quickly thereafter. Twenty foot sections of row were hand dug and weighed for yields.
Control of Resistant Colorado Potato Beetle, Blaine, Mn, 1995
Authors: Noetzel David M. , Miller Jennifer
Published: December 2017

A trial was established in a commercial potato field following an initial application of Provado 1.6F at a rate of 0.31 lb (AI)/acre across the entire field. Plots were 4 rows X 25 ft in length, treatments were arranged in a RCB design, and replicated 4 times. Insecticide was applied on 1, 10 and 18 July in approximately 20 gal total material/acre using a hand held CO2 sprayer with 40 psi. Trigard was applied alone twice followed by the second insecticides. Very high populations of adult beetles continued to migrate into the plots leading to an unusually large variation in defoliation readings. Larval ratings were 0 = no larvae to 5 ≥ 100 larvae per plant. Late non-random weed pressure did not permit obtaining yields.
Igr Evaluation, 1995
Authors: Hogmire Henry W. , Winfield Tim , Collins Kate , Conn Bart , Field Michelle
Published: December 2017

This experiment was conducted in 4 miniblocks, each ⅓ acre, of 15-yr-old trees on M 7A rootstock. Trees measured 16.5 ft. in height and 16 ft. in width and were planted at a spacing of 20 X 20 ft. The experimental design consisted of half a miniblock (18 trees) for each of 6 spray treatment combinations and an entire miniblock for the untreated plot. Insecticides were applied as complete sprays to both sides of the tree with a Swanson DA500A airblast sprayer, which traveled at 2.3 mph and delivered a spray volume of 100 gpa. Dates (stage or degree-days after first trap catch of spring CM) of application were 11 Apr (tight cluster), 18 Apr (pre-pink), 12 May (petal fall), 26 May (273), 5 Jun (405), 8 Jun (462), 13 Jun (548), 22 Jun (696), 6 Jul (987), 18 Jul (1249), 1 Aug (1601), 16 Aug (1942), and 1 Sep (2225). Other materials applied separately to all treatments were Dithane, Kocide, K-salt (NAA), Nova, Penncozeb, Rubigan, Topsin-M, and Ziram. Treatment effect was evaluated by counting insects and injury on the periphery of 4 single-tree replications in the center row(s) of each plot periodically during the season. Control of SA was evaluated by counting aphids on the most infested leaf on each of 10 terminals/tree. WALH and RLH control was evaluated by counting nymphs on the underside of 25 leaves/tree. Control of CM and OFM was determined by counting injured apples during a 5 min period/tree. Treatment effect against STLM was determined by counting tissue-feeding mines observed during a 5 min period/tree. Control of fruit-feeding insects was determined at harvest by scoring for injury 100 picked apples/replication plus up to 100 drop apples/replication on 19 Sep.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control; Asana Wettable Powder Efficacy Trial, Grand Forks, Nd, 1994
Authors: Noetzel David M. , Miller Jennifer , Holen Carlyle
Published: December 2017

Certified B-sized potato seed was planted at the Red River Valley Potato Growers Research farm on 20 May. Soils were of a finely textured (clay) type. Plot size was 4 rows 36 inch wide and 25 ft. in length. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design, replicated 4 times. Insecticide application were broadcast using a hand held spray and applying at 40 psi. Dry materials were preweighed, all materials were mixed at the site and applied in 20 gal total material per acre. The trial site was extremely wet during July and August. The center two rows of each plot were harvested on 14 Oct.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control; Furadan 4F Comparisons, Grand Forks, Nd, 1994
Authors: Noetzel David M. , Miller Jennifer , Holen Carlyle
Published: December 2017

A field was planted on 11 May using certified B-sized Norchip potatoes. Soils are of a fine texture (clay), and were dry at planting time. Plots were 4 rows 36 inch wide, 25 ft. in length with a 6 ft. alley at the ends. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design, replicated 4 times. Soil treatments were applied into a trench 2 inches above the seed piece on May 11, and covered with dry soil. Foliars were broadcast in 20 gal total material at 40 psi using a hand held CO2sprayer. Application dates were 1, 28 July and 11 Aug. Conditions in July and August were very wet with standing water often present.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control, Verndale, Mn, 1994
Authors: Noetzel David M. , Miller Jennifer
Published: December 2017

This trial was located in an irrigated commercial potato field. Soils were a sandy clay loam. Plots were 4-3’ rows X 25 in length. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design, replicated 4 times. Potatoes were planted on 10 May. Soil treatments were made on 28 May by placing Admire 2F and Furadan 4F 2-4“ below planting ridge surface. Insecticide was applied in 15 gal total material and immediately covered. Foliars were broadcast in 15 gal total material/acre on 25 June, 14 July and 12 Aug. The two center rows of each plot were dug on 9 Sept. and weighed for yield.
Control of Melon Thrips in Potatoes, Spring, 1995
Authors: Seal D. R.
Published: December 2017

Eight treatments were evaluated to control melon thrips in potatoes planted on 9 Jan. Treatment plots, four rows by 25 ft, were arranged in a RCBD with four replications in a commercial potato field in Homestead, FL. All cultural practices for growing potatoes were as recommended. Treatments were applied weekly on four dates between 20 Feb. and 31 March 1995. Foliar applications were made by a backpack sprayer with two nozzles per row at 40 psi delivering 50-100 gpa depending on the volume of plants. Furadan, Diazinon and Admire were applied in a band in a 4 inch deep furrow 4 inch apart from the seed row 3 weeks after planting. All treatments were compared with a nontreated check. Insecticides were evaluated by randomly collecting 10 mature leaves, 1/plant, from the two center rows. Samples were collected 24 h after each foliar application. Leaves were washed with 70% ethanol to separate adult and immature thrips.
Comparison of Various Soil Insecticides and Rates for Insect Control in Potatoes, 1995
Authors: Speese John
Published: December 2017

Potatoes were planted in two fields on 15 March at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. One field was planted in the short season cultivar ‘Superior’, the other field in the long season cultivar ‘Snowden’. Plots in both fields consisted of 4 rows 25ft long on 3ft row spacing with 6ft of bare ground between plots. Treatments in both fields were applied in furrow prior to planting with a single nozzle boom backpack sprayer. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Foliar sprays (rates, dates and materials indicated in tables) were applied by a tractor-mounted sprayer delivering 40 gal water/acre at 100 psi. Spray decisions were based on the following CPB thresholds, determined by weekly counts on 10 randomly chosen stems/plot: 4 small larvae, 1.5 large larvae, or 0.5 adults/stem. Dates and life stages with significant differences are listed in the tables. Secondary pests on 10 randomly picked compound leaves/plot and percent defoliation were sampled on the dates indicated in the tables. Both fields were sprayed on 2 June with Monitor 4EC (lqt/acre) to control European corn borer.
Use of Soil and Foliar Applications of Imidacloprid (Admire 2F, Provado 1.6F) and Various Other Class-Es of Insecticide Chemistry to Control Cpb in Potatoes, 1995
Authors: Speese John
Published: December 2017

Potatoes were planted on 15 March at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Admire 2F was applied to treatment nos. 1-4 in furrow prior to planting with a single nozzle boom backpack sprayer. Each plot consisted of two 25ft long rows, bordered on each side by an untreated guard row. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Between row spacing was 3ft. Weekly counts of all CPB life stages present were made on 10 randomly chosen stems/plot to determine efficacy and to make foliar spray decisions. Dates and life stages with significant differences are recorded in the table. The following CPB thresholds were used in making spray decisions: 4 small larvae, 1.5 large larvae or 0.5 adults/stem. Foliar sprays were applied with a three hollow cone nozzle boom backpack sprayer delivering 60 gal water/acre at 40 psi.
Green Peach Aphid Control With Foliar Sprays, 1995
Authors: Stoltz Robert L. , Matteson Nancy A.
Published: December 2017

Experimental plots were established on the UI Research and Extension Center, Kimberly, Idaho. Potatoes were planted on 25 Apr and irrigated by solid set sprinkler. The soil type was Portneuf silt loam. Four treatments and one untreated check plot were replicated four times in a RCB design. Individual treatment plots were 4 rows (36 inch row spacing) wide by 25 ft long with 5 ft alleyways separating the plots. Green peach aphids were mass reared on greenhouse sweet pepper plants (California Wonder) for release into individual plots. Aphid releases were made into test plots the last wk in Jun and again in the first wk of Jul. A total of four heavily infested pepper plants was released per plot. Treatment sprays were broadcast applied using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer (30 psi) and delivering 20 gal finished spray per acre (four, 10X hollow cone nozzles). Aphid counts were made from non-destructively examining 10 randomly selected leaves in the center two rows of each plot. Leaves were sampled from the top, middle, and bottom sections of the plants. The data collected and presented are the total number of aphids per 20 leaves. On 19 Jul a pre-count was taken and on 21 Jul all treatment applications were made. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls multiple means comparison.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetle on Potato, 1995
Authors: Suranyi Robert A. , Radcliffe Edward B.
Published: December 2017

Standard and NewLeafR (NatureMarkR, producing Bacillus thurin-giensis subsp. tenebrionis 8-endotoxin) potatoes were planted 11 May at the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount, MN. Plots were each 8 rows by 50 ft and separated from other plots by 10 ft of soybean border. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Admire 2F was applied in-furrow at planting prior to closing the seed bed by using a CO2 pressurized sprayer, delivering 60 gal/acre at 35 psi. All other spray applications were made by using a tractor-mounted boom sprayer with 3 nozzles per row, delivering 60 gal/acre at 90 psi. Threshold of 30% egg hatch was used to initiate Novodor applications. Novodor as required treatments were applied at presence of <80 small larvae (1st and 2nd instars). Orthene 75S was used to control green peach aphid on selected treatments. Late blight control was achieved by 5 spray applications of Bravo 500 (1 pt/acre) on 28 Jun; 7, 13 and 29 July; and 8 Aug, and 3 applications of Ridomil/Bravo 81WP (1 lb/acre) on 20 Jul; 2 and 18 Aug. Malathion 57EC (0.5 pt/acre) was used to control potato leafhoppers on 12, 29 July; 2 and 16 Aug. CPB egg masses, small larvae, large larvae (3rd and 4th instars) and adults were counted on 10 whole plants per plot on 23, 27 June; 3, 10, 18 and 26 July; 2, 8, 14, 23 and 29 Aug. NewLeafR potatoes provided season long commercially acceptable control of all CPB life stages. Fewer egg masses were laid on NewLeafR potatoes than other treatments. No small or large-larvae were found indicating that none of the neonates survived. Significantly lower numbers of CPB adults were observed on NewLeafR potatoes.
Control Of Green Peach Aphid On Potato, 1995
Authors: Suranyi Robert A. , Radcliffe Edward B. , Cordova Patricia
Published: December 2017

Potatoes were planted 15 May at the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount, MN. Plots were 1 row, 25 ft long, and separated from other plots by 6 ft of fallow. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Treatments for GPA control were applied on 9 Aug, except for Admire 2F which was applied in-furrow at planting prior to closing the seed bed. All spray applications for GPA were made using a CO2 pressurized sprayer fitted with a Teejet 8003-E flat fan nozzle, delivering 60 gal/acre at 35 psi. Late blight control was achieved by 5 spray applications of Bravo 500 (1 pt/acre) on 28 Jun; 7, 13 and 29 July; and 8 Aug, and 3 applications of Ridomil/Bravo 81WP (1 lb/acre) on 20 Jul; 2 and 18 Aug. One application of Novodor (3 qts/acre) was targeted against Colorado potato beetle (CPB) at 30% egg hatch on 17 June. Asana 0.66XL (9.6 fl oz/acre) applications were applied on 22 and 28 June; 12 and 29 Jul to enhance GPA populations for the purpose of this test. Asana treatments also controlled CPB and potato leafhopper. Samples of 10 lower leaves were taken from the center plants in each plot and GPA were counted. GPA counts were made on 10, 17, and 24 Aug; 1, 7 and 14 DAT respectively.
Use of Mocap and Other Soil And Foliar Insecticides to Control Insects in Sweet Potatoes, Painter, VA, 1995
Authors: Speese John
Published: December 2017

Sweet potatoes were transplanted on 19 Jun at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of 3 rows 20 ft long, planted on 3 ft row spacing. Each plot was separated from each other by an untreated guard row. Treatments were replicated 6 times in a RCB design. Mocap band treatments and the initial foliar sprays were applied with a single nozzle boom backpack sprayer. Temik was applied using a hand-held shaker. The broadcast treatments and the later foliar sprays were applied with a backpack sprayer using 6 flat fan nozzles/row delivering 21 gal water/acre for the broadcast treatments and 42 gal water/acre for the foliar sprays. Mocap treatments were applied on 25 May to avoid phytotoxicity. Regent foliar sprays were applied on 7 and 21 Jul. Sevin schedule foliar sprays were applied weekly from 7 Jul until 24 Aug. The Sevin threshold sprays were applied on 7, 14, 21, and 27 Jul to coincide with the peak flights of click beetles (adult wireworms), as determined by the black light trap at Painter, VA. On 11 Oct, the center row of each 3 row plot was harvested and 25 market sized roots were randomly selected, washed, and evaluated for insect damage.
Lepidopterous Larvae Control on Staked Tomatoes With Gemstar, 1995
Authors: Palmer C. R. , Walgenbach J. F.
Published: December 2017

Six-week-old transplants were set on 15 June at the Mountain Horticultural Crops Research Station, Fletcher, NC. Plants were set 2 ft apart within 20 ft rows and rows were on 10 ft centers. Single-row plots were arranged in a RCB design with four replications. Materials were applied on 19 and 29 July, 7, 14, 21, and 30 Aug and 6, 13 and 21 Sept with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer delivering 50–100 gpa (gpa increased as plants grew) through 7 hollow cone nozzles per row (three nozzles on each side and one overhead). Powdered milk was added to all GemStar treatments at a rate of 4 lbs/acre. Treatments targeted specifically at lepidopterous larvae (All GemStar and Biobit treatments) received Provado 1.6F at 3.75 oz./acre on 29 July, 14 and 30 August, and 13 Sept for PA and SB control. Starting on 30 Aug, all GemStar treatments also received CGI-9501 (celery looper virus formulation) at 6.75 oz./acre for CL control. PA populations were monitored on 11, 20 and 25 July, 1, 11, 16 and 22 Aug by observing 10 leaves (3rd most recently expanded leaf) per treatment and recording the number infested with ≥ 1 apterous aphid. The lepidopterous larval complex (TFW, CL, SAW, YSAW) was surveyed using a beat-cloth method on 28 Sept and the total larvae found on all ten plants in three replications was recorded. Fruit was harvested on 16, 21 and 28 Aug and 5, 11, 18 and 25 Sept and those damaged by the lepidopterous larval complex (LEPS), and SB were recorded. All data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA, and means were separated by using LSD (P=0.05).
Control of Tomato Pinworm in South Florida, Spring 1995
Authors: Seal D. R.
Published: December 2017

‘Mountain Pride’ tomato were transplanted on to Rockdale soil in Homestead, FL on 15 March 1995. Plant beds were 3 ft. wide and covered with 1.5-mil thick black polyethylene mulch. Beds were fumigated with 240 lb./acre of 67% methyl bromide – 33% chloropicrin 6 d before planting. Plant spacing was 1.5 ft along the center of the bed and 6 ft in between the beds. Plants were irrigated twice weekly using sprinkler system delivering about 2 inch each time. Fertilizer was applied at 200-50-240-40 lb./acre N-P-K-micronutrient mix. Treatment plots were 20 ft by two rows arranged in RCB design with four replications. Treatments evaluated were: 1) Fenoxycarb (0.6 lb. [AI]/acre), 2) CGA-215944 (0.1 lb. [AI]/acre), 3) combination of treatments 1 & 2, 4) oxamyl (0.5 lb fAI]/acre), 5) Lannate (0.5 lb. [AI]/acre); 6) Baythroid (2.8 oz./acre); 7) ABG 6347 (1.0 lb./acre), 8&9) Larvin (0.25 & 0.40 lb. [AI]/acre), and 10) a nontreated control. Treatments were applied on 13, 19, and 28 May, and 5 June 1995 using a backpack sprayer with two nozzles per row at 30 psi. delivering 100 gallons/acre. Evaluation of insecticides was made by counting total numbers of pinworms on randomly collected 20 leaves, 2 leaves per plant, in treatment plot 24 h after each application.
Potato Leafhopper Control In Alfalfa, 1995
Authors: Keith J. Jarvi
Published: December 2017

Six insecticide treatments were applied to 8.6 inch tall alfalfa in the early bloom stage near Concord, NE, on 20 Jul. Plots were 20 X 20 ft arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied with a 4 nozzle CO2 backpack sprayer equipped with T-jet 11002 nozzles delivering 18.0 gal/acre at 25 psi. Air temperature at the time of application was 80° F with a north wind at 5-10 mph. Evaluation was by counting the number of leafhoppers (adults and nymphs) per 10 sweeps of a 15 inch diam net on 3, 5, 12, 15, and 21 DAT. Pretreatment field counts averaged 38 leafhoppers per 10 sweeps.
Potato Leafhopper Control In Alfalfa, 1995
Authors: Thomas P. Kuhar , Roger R. Youngman , Curtis A. Laub
Published: December 2017

Three insecticide treatments were evaluated against PLH in a firstyear stand of ‘Haymaker ’ alfalfa located in Montgomery Co., VA. Plots of 24 X 40 ft were arranged in a RCBD with an untreated check in each of 4 replications. Mean alfalfa stem height and PLH density were estimated in each plot prior to spray treatment (21 Jul). Potato leafhopper density was estimated using combined counts of PLH nymphs and adults from 10 pendulum sweeps of a 15-inch diam sweep net taken arbitrarily across the plot. All insecticide treatments were applied as foliar sprays on 21 Jul using a CO2 backpack sprayer, delivering 20 gpa at 40 psi. Post-treatment alfalfa stem height and PLH densities were sampled every 3 to 4 d in each plot until harvest (14 Aug). Yields were determined from 60 ft2 swaths taken from each plot using a sickle-bar mower. Freshly mowed alfalfa was raked into a pile and weighed by hand using a milk scale to determine the wet wt at harvest. A 2.2-lb subsample of alfalfa was removed from each plot and dried at 131 to 140°F for 48 h to determine % dry matter. Forage samples were submitted to Virginia Tech Forage Testing Laboratory, Blacksburg, VA, for quality analysis, including % crude protein and % acid detergent fiber. A twoway ANOVA with Fisher ’s protected LSD was used to analyze differences among treatments in PLH sweep net counts (after [x + 0.5 ½ transformation), stem ht, dry matter yield, % crude protein, and % acid detergent fiber.
Alfalfa Weevil Control In Ohio, 1995
Authors: Willson H. R. , Eisley J. B.
Published: December 2017

A test to evaluate the efficacy of 4 foliar insecticide treatments for control of AW was conducted on first cutting alfalfa at the OARDC Western Branch Station near South Charleston. Plots were 30 X 50 ft with 4 replications in a RCBD. Treatments were applied on 13 May with a custom built sprayer having a boom length of 15 ft and flat spray tip nozzles (TeeJet 8003VS) mounted at 15 inch intervals. The system was calibrated to deliver 32.8 gpa at 30 psi at a tractor speed of 3.5 mph. Abundance of AW larvae was estimated prior to treatment and 3, 7 and 14 DAT by collecting 20 stems per plot, shaking the stem samples in a bucket, and counting the number of larvae collected in the bucket.
Flea Beetle Control in Intermediate Rainfall Se Washington, 1995
Authors: Bragg D. E. , Mayer D.
Published: December 2017

Plots were planted 9 June, near Pomeroy, WA, at a rate of 6 lb/acre in rows 7 inches apart. Plots were 15 X 3 ft replicated in a RCBD 4 times, and were situated with replicates perpendicular to a grass pasture. Precounts (PrCt) of plant stand per 6.6 ft row, and damage on 20 randomly selected plants on a scale of 0 to 6, with 0 = no damage and 6 = total destruction, were made 21 Jun. A treatment consisting of Furadan CR-10 granules at a rate of 2.5 lb/product per acre was applied at seeding. Four other insecticide treatments were made with a CO2 backpack sprayer at 20 gpa and 20 psi on 22 Jun. An untreated check was established. Conditions at treatment were 58°F and 5-10 mph wind at 9 a.m. All plants were in the cotyledon stage with meristem visible. Insecticides applied were Penncap M 2FM, Methyl Parathion 8E, TD2351-01 4FM, and TD2344-1 5EC. Evaluations of stand reduction and plant damage were made on 2, 5, 7, and 10 DAT. All surviving plants were in the rosette stage (5 to 7 leaf) at 10 DAT.
Flea Beetle Control in Canola: Foliar Treatments, 1995
Authors: McCaffrey J. P. , Harmon B. L.
Published: December 2017

Plots were established at the University of Idaho Plant Science Farm, Moscow, ID. ‘IMC-144’ Canola seed, supplied by Intermoutain Canola, was planted at 6 lb/acre using a 6-row (7 in spacing), small-plot, cone seeder on 19 May. Plots were 8 X 16 ft arranged in a RCBD with each treatment replicated 4 times. The plots were cultivated, harrowed and fertilized (200 lb/acre 40-0-0-6 and 150 lb/acre 16-20-0) prior to planting. Treatments were applied 31 May using a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer equipped with 80° fan nozzles on a 6-ft boom that delivered 20 gpa at 30 psi. Flea beetle damage ratings, beetle densities, and counts of all plants in 3.3 ft of rows 3 and 10 (of 12) were made 3 and 8 d following the foliar applications. Damage to cotyledons was scored using a 0-6 rating system. Plots were harvested 22 Sep with a small-plot combine (4.6 ft header). All data were subjected to analysis of variance. To control late season aphid infestations, Capture 2EC (0.04 lb[AI]/acre) and Thiodan 3EC (1.0 lb.[AI]/acre) were applied 6 and 24 Jul, respectively.
Ground-Applied Insecticide Rescue Treatments in Whorl-Stage Corn to Control First Generation European Corn Borer Larvae, 1995
Authors: Boetel M. A. , Fuller B. W. , Thompson D. J.
Published: December 2017

An irrigated corn field near Delmont, SD, was chosen to evaluate granular and liquid insecticide treatments for management of first-generation ECB, larvae. Preapplication counts indicated that the site had a severe larval infestation (shotholing damage was observed in >90% of surveyed plants). Stadial composition of the population was 18, 39, 32, and 11 % 1st-, 2nd-, 3rd-, and 4th-instar larvae, respectively. Two untreated control plots were used to compare 6 granular insecticide formulations and 9 liquid treatments for efficacy in preventing larval tunneling damage. The study was arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Individual treatment plots were single, 30.5-m rows spaced 76 cm apart. All treatment rows were buffered on either side by an untreated row to minimize the likelihood of cross-contamination between plots due to insecticide drift. Treatments were applied on 6 Jul at whorl (approximately 1 wk prior to tasseling) stage of development. Granules were directed into plant whorls using a pneumatic applicator powered by a 3.5 hp engine mounted on a Highboy. Noble metering units attached to a modified chain-driven apparatus regulated the amount of granules released into the applicator. Liquid treatments were applied to whorls using a single-nozzle (TeeJet 8003 flat fan) CO2-propelled sprayer system mounted on the Highboy. Approximately 5 wk following insecticide applications (15 Aug), 20 corn plants were randomly chosen from each plot. Each plant was split vertically and examined for ECB tunneling damage. Cavity number and length data were analyzed with SAS’s General Linear Models procedure and means were compared using DMRT.
Evaluation of Soil Insecticides Against Larval Corn Rootworms, Clay Center, Ne, 1995
Authors: DeVries Terry A. , Wright Robert J.
Published: December 2017

Planting and first-cultivation time soil insecticide trials were conducted at Clay Center, NE, to evaluate their performance against larval corn rootworms. The local population consisted of >95% WCR and <5% NCR. All plots were in trap crop (insecticide free) during 1994. In 1993, multiclass soil insecticide trials were conducted, with all plots in trap crop (insecticide free) in 1992 and Lorsban 15G at 1.21b (AI)/acre was applied to all plots in 1991 and 1990. The experimental design was a RCB with 4 replicates. Each treatment replicate consisted of a single row 30 ft long with a 30-inch row spacing. Soil type was a Butler/Crete silt loam. All plots were planted on 16 May. Soil temperature at 4 inches was 64°F. Insecticides were applied using 10 inch Almaco smooth belt cones mounted in place of insecticide boxes on a 2-row John Deere 7100 plateless planter. Preweighed amounts of insecticide granules were distributed uniformly around the belt cone by a divider funnel and either directed into the open seed furrow (IF) or a 7-inch band in front of the press wheel and over the open seed furrow and incorporated with a drag rake (TB). Stand counts were taken on 7 Jun. Initial corn rootworm egg hatch was detected on 14 Jun. First-cultivation time treatments were applied on 21 Jun. Soil temperature at 4 inches was 79°F. A mason jar with holes in the lid was used to apply granular insecticides at first-cultivation. Granules were applied basally by shaking the mason jar and immediately incorporated by cultivation (GC). A CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer set at 40 psi was used to apply liquid insecticides (total volume of solution applied = 1,100 ml/ plot) at first-cultivation. The liquid insecticides were applied to the base of plants and immediately incorporated by cultivation (LC). Larval feeding damage was evaluated on 20–21 Jul. Five plants were dug from each treatment replicate and rated using the Iowa 1°6 scale (1, no feeding, to 6, 3 or more nodes of roots completely destroyed). Data were analyzed by ANOVA for RCB with mean separation using DMRT.
Wireworm and Seedcorn Maggot Control, 1995
Authors: Jarvi Keith J. , Echtenkamp Gerald W.
Published: December 2017

The test plots were planted on 25 May. The field was previously pasture for at least 25 years. Banded (7 inch T-band, TB) and infurrow (IF) planting time treatments were applied with a cone-belt distributer mounted on a 2 row John Deere Maxemerge equipped with incorporation tines. Pounce 3.2 EC was applied in a 15 inch band by a backpack sprayer delivering 29 gpa 25 lb psi. Kernal Guard treated seed was placed in the planter box and planted after the granular insecticide treatments were applied. The field was plowed two weeks prior to planting and disked once on 23 May. Soil moisture was adequate at planting. The planting seeding rate was 19,000 seeds/acre on 38 inch rows. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications, each treatment 1 row 47 ft long, with no border rows between treatments. Plant populations were taken in a randomly selected 30 ft area in each row. The results are given as number of live plants per 30 ft of row. Final plant stand count was taken on 22 Jun. Approx 2/3 of the treatments showed significantly higher plant stands than the check.
Effect of Sulfonylurea Herbicide on Field Corn Following Application of Counter Insecticide at Planting, 1994
Authors: Seymour R. C. , Campbell J. B. , Wright R. J.
Published: December 2017

Counter 15G and Counter 20CR were applied to suppress larval rootworm populations in plots located near North Platte, NE. Field corn was ridge-planted in a Cozad silt loam soil with a John Deere 7100 Max-emerge planter, to a non-tilled seed bed on 12 May. At the time of planting, soil moisture was adequate for germination and the soil temperature was about 17° C. The insecticides were applied in a 7 inch T-band at planting to plots 4 rows wide, 10 m in length, with a bicycle wheel type applicator. Four replications of each treatment were arranged in a RCB design. After the insecticides were applied, furrows were closed with a press wheel and the insecticides were incorporated with a rake. Accent and Beacon herbicides were applied over the whorl of V3 stage field corn plants on 9 Jun. The applications were made with a CO2 charged backpack sprayer through 8001 flat fan nozzles at 30 psi, in a total volume of 19 gal/acre. Crop oil concentrate was added to each herbicide treatment at a rate of 1 qt/acre. The effect of the herbicide on corn height and condition was evaluated seven, 14, 28 and 60 DAT. Plant conditions which were considered herbicide affected included stunted height, yellowed leaves or twisted whorls. Yield was determined by hand harvesting and mechanically shelling all ears from 35 ft of row from the center of each plot.
Granular Insecticide Performance Against First and Second Generation European Corn Borer, 1995
Authors: Shamiyeh N. B. , Roberts C. H. , Hale F. A.
Published: December 2017

Six granular insecticide treatments were evaluated at the Highland Rim Experiment Station, Springfield. ‘Pioneer 3154’ corn was planted into Dickson silt loam, 2 to 5% slope with pH 6.3 on 19 Apr. Plots were 25 ft X 4 rows (36 inch spacing) with 4 replicates in a RCB design. Blocks were separated by 5 ft alleys. In-furrow granular insecticides were applied directly in the seed furrow behind the planter shoe. T-Band granular insecticides were applied in a 7 inch band directly behind planter shoe and in front of press wheel. Newly damaged whorls (NDW)/25 plants were counted on 31 May, 6, 12, and 19 Jun. Twenty-five plants from each treatment were split and ECB basal tunnels were counted on 3 Aug. Grain yield was measured on 20 Aug at 20% moisture. All data were subjected to ANOVA.
Corn Rootworm Control in Pennsylvania, 1995
Authors: Spangler S. M. , Calvin D. D. , Grove T. , Rebarchak P. R. , Piekielek N.
Published: December 2017

The evaluation took place on a Hagerstown silt loam soil in central PA, near University Park, planted on 16 May in continuous corn. The design was a RCB, with 5 replicates of each treatment. Plots were 20 ft long X 2 rows wide, with row spacing at 30 inches. Granular treatments were applied at planting using a Max Emerge John Deere 7000R corn planter. T-band applications were applied in 7 inch bands over the row and into the furrow, and in-furrow applications were directed into the furrow only. Furadan 4F was broadcast on 16 Jun, and cultivation for the Furadan 4F + cultivation treatment was done the same day. Rainfall totals in inches for the research site during the trial were: 2.95 (May), 4.32 (Jun), 0.91 (Jul), 0.72 (Aug), 1.38 (Sep), and 7.40 (Oct). Plots were rated with the ‘Iowa’ rating method on 18 Jul (5 plants/ plot), and by quantifying yield on 23 October (total grain weight/plot).
Insect and Slug Control in Corn Planted into Sod in Pennsylvania, 1995
Authors: Spangler S. M. , Calvin D. D. , Piekielek N. , Grove T. , Rebarchak P.
Published: December 2017

Corn was planted no-till into sod neai Westover, PA (Clearfield Co.), on 5 Jun 1995, in a 1-acre field which had predominantly orchard grass, but also other grasses and legumes. The soil types were Wharton and Gilpin. The target corn plant population was 26,100 plants/acre. Herbicides were applied on 10 Jun (Atrazine 1.6 qt/acre Princep 2 qt/acre, Roundup 1.5 qt/acre, and Banvel 0.25 qt/acre). The design was a RCB with 5 replications. Plots were 20 ft long X 2 rows wide, with 30 inch row spacing. Treatments were applied at planting using a Max Emerge John Deere 7000R corn planter. T-band applications were applied in 7 inch bands over the row and into the furrow, and in-furrow applications were directed into furrow only. Soil moisture was average during May and Jun On 23 Jun, 10 random plants per plot were observed for the presence of leaf-feeding insects (black cutworm), wilting (stalk borer), and slug damage and measured for height. Additionally, the total plants emerged from two, 10-foot sections of each of the treated rows of each plot (20 ft total) were counted. On 7 Jul the number of wilted plants and total plants emerged were estimated as on 23 Jun.
Corn Insect Pest Management with Recommended At-Planting Insecticides, 1995
Authors: Torrey K.D. , Leonard B.R. , Fife J.H.
Published: December 2017

Nine insecticide treatments were evaluated against soil insects in no-till corn at the Macon Ridge location of the Northeast Research Station. Hairy vetch, Vicia villosa Roth, was used as a winter cover crop across the entire test area. An application of Gramoxone Extra (1.5 pt [form]/acre) was applied 2 weeks pre-plant and again immediately post-plant to terminate all vegetation. Corn was planted no-till in a Gigger silt loam (pH = 5.9, 1.8% organic matter) on 3 Apr in plots of 4 rows (40 inch centers) X 35 ft. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied as in-furrow sprays at planting (IFSAP), in-furrow granules at planting (IFGAP), and t-banded granules (T-BAND). A John Deere 7300 planter was modified to apply treatments through a granular applicator hopper box or as a spray directed into the seed furrow. IFSAP treatments were applied with a CO2 charged system calibrated to deliver 5 gpa through 8002 flat fan nozzles (1/row) at 25 psi. The number of insect damaged plants on the center 2 rows of each plot was recorded weekly for 4 wk beginning at seedling emergence. Plant stand density was measured on 11 May by sampling 2 center rows of each plot. Intra-row skip distances between plants (>12 inches) and seedcorn yields were determined on the 2 center rows of each plot on 15 and 17 Aug, respectively. The test area was furrow irrigated throughout the season and rainfall was not a factor influencing final yields. Data were analyzed with ANOVA, and means were separated according to DMRT.
Effectiveness of Gaucho 480 Fs in Preventing Seed Predation by Rifa in Corn, Soybean, Sorghum, Peanut, and Sunflower, 1995
Authors: Collins H. L.
Published: December 2017

Seed of corn, soybean, sorghum, peanut, and sunflower were treated with Gaucho 480 at 8 oz (AI)/acre Gaucho per cwt of seed. Test plots were located in a RIFA-infested field in Harrison County, MS, that averaged 46.6 monogynous RIFA colonies per acre. Seed beds 5 ft X 12.5 ft were prepared by multiple disking with a farm tractor. Treated seed of each crop, along with corresponding untreated controls, were planted in a CRD with 5 replicates per crop on Jun 5. Each replicate consisted of 25 seeds which were manually planted at 6-inch spacings in a 0.5 inch deep furrow in each seed bed. Percent seed germination within each test plot was determined when seedlings were at the 4 to 6 true leaf stage. Wet weight standing biomass of each plant at the 4 to 6 true leaf stage was determined by severing the plant at the soil line, and then weighing the above-ground portion of each plant. Treatment means for each crop were statistically analyzed by a t-test.
Thrips Control in Cotton, 1995
Authors: All J. N. , Tanner B. H.
Published: December 2017

Soil insecticides and seed treatment were tested in cotton planted on 25 May at the University of Georgia, Plant Sciences Farm near Athens, GA. A RCBD with 5 replicates was used with plots 25 ft long and 4 rows wide at 38 inch row width. Temik, AC 513974, and Thimet granules were applied in the seed furrow with noninsecticide-treated CB1135 seed, and Gaucho pretreated CB1135 seed was planted in selected plots. Soil type was Cecil sandy loam, at pH 6.0 and 18% O.D. moisture content at planting time. Ten plants in each plot were selected at random and the leaves were immersed in containers with 70% alcohol on 12, 19, and 26 DAT. Immature and adult thrips were counted, and adult thrips were mounted on slides and identified under a microscope. At 37 DAT the number and height of plants in 12 ft of a center row of each plot was measured.
Evaluations of In-Furrow Insecticides and Fungicides, 1995
Authors: Burris Gene , Cook Don , Leonard B. R. , Graves J. B. , Pankey J.
Published: December 2017

The test was conducted at the Northeast Research Station in St. Joseph, LA. Plots were replicated 4 times in a RCB design and were four rows (40-inch spacing) X 65 ft. ‘Stoneville LA 887’ cotton seed was planted 2 and 3 May on a commerce silt soil which was fertilized sidedress with 90 lb N/acre. Cotton seed were planted with a John Deere model 7100 series planter which was equipped with 10 inch seed cones mounted to replace the seed hoppers. The seed rate was 4 seed/row ft. Granular in-furrow treatments were applied with 8 inch belt cone applicators mounted to replace the standard granular applicators. Control of thrips and aphids was evaluated on 5 randomly selected plants/plot. Evaluations were made on 18, 19, 24, 26, and 29 May and 8 Jun. Plant height counts were taken on 10 randomly selected plants/plot on 8 Jun. Stand density and leaf area was determined by counting the number of plants in a randomly selected meter on 29 May. Leaf area was recorded using a Li Cor leaf area machine. The data was recorded as cm2 and converted to a leaf area index (LAI). Major pests and/or secondary pest control was initiated in Jun and continued on an “as needed” basis through Aug.
Evaluation of Selected Insecticide Combinations for Control of Bollworm/Tobacco Budworm and Beet Armyworm, 1995
Authors: Burris Gene , Cook Don , Leonard B. R. , Graves J. B. , Pankey J.
Published: December 2017

Plots were replicated 4 times in a RCB design and were 4 rows wide (40-in spacing) X 65ft. ‘Stoneville LA 887’ cotton seed was planted 19 May on a Commerce silt loam soil which was sidedressed with 90 lb N/acre. Cotton seed was planted with a John Deere model 7300 series planter equipped with standard seed hoppers. All plots received 0.5 lb (AI)/acre Temik 15G and 1.0 lb (AI)/acre Terraclor 2E + 0.05 lb (AI)/acre Ridomil 2E at planting. Foliar treatments were applied with a JD600 Hi-cycle equipped with a CO2 charged spray system through two TX-12 hollow cone tips per row and calibrated to deliver 10 gpa finished spray. Foliar treatments were applied on 29 Jul, 1, 8, 12, and 24 Aug. Twenty-five squares and 25 plant terminals from the 2 center rows were examined for eggs, bollworms, tobacco budworms, beet armyworms, and boll weevil damage on 3, 11, 16, and 30 Aug. Plots were harvested on 10 Oct. The center 2 rows of the plots were mechanically harvested using a John Deere spindle type picker. Yields are converted to lb seed cotton/acre.
Control of Tarnished Plant Bug, 1994
Authors: Elzen G. W.
Published: December 2017

Cotton (‘DES 119’) was planted on 6 May in plots 8 rows (40 inch centers) by 65 ft on the Delta Branch Experiment Station, Stoneville, Miss. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replicates. Treatments were applied on 21 Jun by a high-clearance spray machine equipped with a compressed-air apray system. Total spray volume was 6 gpa at 5 mph and 35 psi using two TX10 nozzles/row. Tarnished plant bug adults and nymphs were sampled with a drop cloth (1.0 by 0.97 m) from 1 m of a row at 4 random locations in each plot on each sample date. In each plot, 4 random sweep net samples were taken, and 10 sweeps across a single row constituted a sample. Numbers of adults and nymphs captured in the samples were determined in the field. Efficacy was determined 3 DAT.
Control of Tarnished Plant Bug, 1995
Authors: Elzen G. W.
Published: December 2017

Cotton (‘DES 119’) was planted on 5 May in plots 8 rows (40 inch centers) by 65 ft on the Delta Branch Experiment Station, Stoneville, MS. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replicates. Treatments were applied on 20 and 27 Jun by a high-clearance spray machine equipped with a compressed-air apray system. Total spray volume was 6 gpa at 5 mph and 35 psi using two TX10 nozzles/row. Visual samples were taken by examining 25 terminals per plot and recording numbers of adults and nymphs. Damage was also assessed similarly. Tarnished plant bug adults and nymphs were sampled with a drop cloth (1.0 by 0.97 m) from 1 m of a row at 4 random locations in each plot on each sample date. In each plot, 4 random sweep net samples were taken; 10 sweeps across a single row constituted a sample. Numbers of adults and nymphs captured in the samples were determined in the field. Pretreatment counts were made on 19 Jun and counts were taken 3 DAT for each application.
Control of Boll Weevil and Tarnished Plant Bug in Cotton with Selected Insecticides, 1995
Authors: Fife J. H. , Leonard B. R. , Torrey K. D. , Pankey J. H. , Graves J. B.
Published: December 2017

The efficacy of 3 methyl parathion formulations were evaluated against BW and TPB in non-irrigated cotton planted 10 May. Plots consisted of 4 rows (40 inch centers) X 50 ft. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied on 3, 7, 10, 12, 17, and 20 Jul. Applications were made with a high clearance sprayer calibrated to deliver 6 gpa through Teejet TX-8 hollow cone nozzles (2/row) at 46 psi. Treatment efficacy against BW was evaluated by examining 50 cotton squares (flower buds) per plot 2-4 DAT for evidence of damage. Treatments were evaluated for TPB efficacy by sampling the two center rows with a standard 15 inch diam sweep net and recording the number of adults and nymphs in a 40 sweep sample/ plot on 10 Jul. The test area received 1.1, 5.4, 0.04, 0.15, 0.29, 2.16 and 0.57 inches rainfall on 5, 6, 10, 14, 15, 19 and 21 Jul, respectively. Data were analyzed with ANOVA, and means were separated according to DMRT.
Efficacy of Various Bacillus Thuringiensis and Ovicide Combinations Against Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm, 1995
Authors: Klein C. D. , Johnson D. R. , Meyers H. B.
Published: December 2017

Cotton was planted on 17 May at the Robert Fratesi farm in Jefferson County. Plots consisted of 8 rows (40 inch centers) X 50 ft. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Insecticide treatments were applied on 14 Jul, 27 Jul, and 11 Aug with a CO2 sprayer mounted on a John Deere 6000 Hi-Cycle. Total volume was 9.91 gpa at 25 psi using Teejet TSX-6 hollow cone nozzles on 20 inch spacing. Insect counts were made 4 DAT by whole plant examination of 14 row ft in the center of each plot on 18 Jul and 1 Aug and by randomly examining 50 squares and terminals throughout the plot on 15 Aug. Plots were harvested on 15 Oct using a John Deere 2-row picker.
Evaluation of Various Insecticide and Insecticide Combinations for Control of Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm, 1995
Authors: Meyers H. B. , Johnson D. R. , Klein C. D.
Published: December 2017

Cotton was planted on 17 May at the Robert Fratesi farm in Jefferson County. Plots consisted of 8 rows (40 inch centers) x 50 ft. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Insecticide treatments were applied on 19 Jun, 2 Jul, and 15 Jul with a CO2 sprayer-mounted on a John Deere 6000 hi-cycle. Total volume was 9.91 gpa at 25 psi using Teejet TXVS-6 nozzles on 20 inch spacings. Insect counts on the first 2 evaluation dates (19 Jul, 2 Aug) were made by whole plant examination of 14 row ft in the center of each plot. Insect counts on the last evaluation date (15 Aug) were made by randomly examining 50 squares and terminals throughout the plot.
Control of the Bollworm/Tobacco Budworm Complex with Selected Insecticides, 1995
Authors: Micinski S. , Scarborough R. G. , Forrester F. D. , Graves J. B.
Published: December 2017

Plots were planted 5 May at the Red River Research Station, Bossier City, LA, and were 4 rows X 100 ft on 40-inch centers. All plots had Temik 15G (0.5 lb [AI]/acre) and Terraclor Super-X 10-2.5G (1.0 + 0.25 lb [AI]/acre) applied infurrow at planting. Experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Plots were oversprayed with Vydate C-LV (0.25 lb [AI]/acre) for plant bugs and boll weevils on 6, 19, and 23 Jun and for boll weevils with Penncap-M (0.25 lb [AI]/acre) and twice with methyl parathion 4EC (0.33 lb [AI]/acre) on 3, 11, and 26 Aug, respectively. Plots were oversprayed for the bollworm/tobacco budworm complex with Karate 1EC (0.03 lb [AI]/acre) on 26 Aug. Insecticide treatments were applied in 5.4 gpa/acre at 60 psi with TX-3 hollow-cone nozzles spaced 20 inches apart (2 nozzles/row). Treatments were applied with a high-clearance sprayer equipped with a CO2 system for spraying small plots. Insecticide treatments were applied on 21, 28 Jul, 7, and 14 Aug. Infestations of larvae and square damage were monitored on 24, 31 Jul and 11 Aug by examining 25 squares/plot. Boll damage was monitored on 18 Aug by examining 25 bolls/plot. Yields were determined by mechanically harvesting the center 2 rows of each plot on 9 Oct.
Evaluation II of Insecticides for Control of Tarnished Plant Bugs in Mississippi, 1995
Authors: Reed Jack T. , Jackson C. S.
Published: December 2017

Insecticides were evaluated at the Plant Science Research Farm, Mississippi State, MS, in a RCB design with 4 replications. Plot size was 1 row wide by 50 ft long with 7 unsprayed buffer rows between plots. Insecticides were applied on 27 Jun with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer equipped with a single Spraying Systems TX4 hollow cone nozzle and calibrated for 5 gpa at a pressure of 38 psi and a speed of 4 mph. Carrier of the insecticides was water, with an initial pH of 8.0. This trial was applied under very wet soil conditions, high humidity and steady wind conditions. The nozzle was held to allow the wind to drift the spray onto the plants with the upper third of the plant as the target. Plant bugs were collected the morning of application by sweeping wild flowers with a 15 inch diam sweep net. Fine mesh cloth cages were then placed on 2 plants per plot and fastened at the mainstem with ponytail holders. The plants with sleeve cages were cut and returned to the laboratory 24 h after infestation and examined for dead and live plant bugs. Because of threatening rain, instead of caging bugs on the plants, 4 leaf disks per plot were collected 48 h after spray application, and 2 leaf disks per plot 72 h after spray, placed in 11 X 50 mm petri dishes on moistened filter paper and infested with 5 plant bugs each. Mortality data from these petri dishes was taken at 96 h after insecticide application. Plant bugs not moving when prodded were considered dead.