bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Levantamento e avaliação da incidência das doenças da mandioca no estado da Paraíba
Authors: Morais Martival dos Santos , Nascimento Luciana Cordeiro do , Moreira Keila Aparecida , Cavalcanti Marilene da Silva , Oliveira Neiva Tinti de
Published: October 2013

Objetivando-se levantar e quantificar a incidência de doenças da mandioca em plantios comerciais no Estado da Paraíba, realizaram-se coletas em 21 municípios de quatro microrregiões do Estado no primeiro semestre de 2011. As doenças detectadas foram mancha parda (Cercosporidium henningsii), mancha branca (Phaeoramularia manihotis), antracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. manihotis) e podridão mole (Fusarium oxysporum). A incidência apresentou-se com variação, sendo os maiores índices constatados nos municípios das microrregiões do Curimataú Ocidental, Sapé e Brejo paraibano. A mancha parda ocorreu em todos os municípios avaliados, sendo seguida da mancha branca, cuja porcentagem de plantas atacadas foi inferior. A antracnose foi detectada em cerca de 70% dos municípios avaliados, porém com incidência reduzida. A maior incidência da podridão causada por F. oxysporum foi observada na cidade de Imaculada, microrregião de Serra do Teixeira.
Orange rust in sugarcane: molecular identification in Rio de Janeiro State
Authors: Castro Carla Vanessa Borges , Mezavilla Evaristo Vieira , Brioso Paulo Sergio Torres
Published: October 2013

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) cultivation is one of the major agricultural activities in the Brazilian states. This study aimed to molecularly identify the pathogen associated with rust in sugarcane cultivars in the state of Rio de Janeiro and to suggest a control strategy. Among the 14 PCR-tested cultivars, Puccinia kuehnii infection was identified for RB947520, RB92606, RB835486, RB72454, SP89-11I5, SP83-2847, both from infected leaf sample and from urediniospores. Puccinia kuehnii was not detected by PCR for the cultivars RB955971, RB951541, RB92579, RB867515, RB855536, SP91-1049, SP80-3280, SP80-1816. This is the first molecular detection of this fungus in the state of Rio de Janeiro for six of the 14 analyzed cultivars.
Desenvolvimento e Estado desenvolvimentista: tensões e desafios da construção de um novo modelo para o Brasil do século XXI
Authors: Diniz Eli
Published: October 2013

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar a estreita relação entre desenvolvimento e Estado desenvolvimentista como requisito para a formulação de uma agenda desenvolvimentista no século XXI. Partindo do argumento de Peter Evans de que não há desenvolvimento sem Estado desenvolvimentista, faz-se um balanço da literatura acadêmica internacional, destacando-se, em primeiro lugar, a complexidade crescente do conceito de desenvolvimento, dando ênfase à contribuição de Armatya Sen. Em seguida, discute-se a relevância da criação de novas capacidades estatais para a construção do Estado desenvolvimentista no século XXI, focalizando as contribuições mais recentes da abordagem institucionalista do Estado. Finalmente, faz-se a avaliação das tensões e desafios para a construção do Estado desenvolvimentista no Brasil, nas primeiras décadas do século XXI, atribuindo-se particular ênfase à debilidade crônica do poder infraestrutural do Estado brasileiro. Este constitui o maior entrave para a elaboração e execução de um projeto desenvolvimentista no país. Outro fator inibidor consiste na dificuldade de formação de uma ampla coalizão envolvendo empresários e trabalhadores em torno de uma proposta de concertação voltada para uma nova convenção desenvolvimentista.
Empresários, o governo do PT e o desenvolvimentismo
Authors: Bresser-Pereira Luiz Carlos
Published: October 2013

Este artigo discute o problema do desenvolvimentismo no Brasil nos governos do PT. Até que ponto, no quadro do governo Lula e do governo Dilma, os empresários industriais logram se distinguir dos capitalistas rentistas e formar, com os trabalhadores e a burocracia pública, uma coalizão de classes desenvolvimentista. Minhas hipóteses decorrem de minha teoria sobre o papel das coalizões de classe ou desenvolvimentistas ou liberais. Os dados estão disponíveis na imprensa. Creio que ficaram claros os esforços dos governos do PT de se apoiar em uma coalizão de classes desenvolvimentista, e o relativo fracasso desse esforço, já que o obstáculo principal ao desenvolvimento econômico brasileiro (o câmbio cronicamente sobreapreciado) não foi superado, devido à falta de apoio na sociedade na sociedade brasileira para uma depreciação elevada e permanente.
Elite econômica no Brasil: discussões acerca da internacionalização da carreira de executivos brasileiros
Authors: Pohlmann Markus , Valarini Elizângela
Published: October 2013

O objetivo principal do artigo é examinar a hipótese da internacionalização da alta gerência industrial brasileira por meio do grau de internacionalização de sua carreira no contexto da globalização. Tal hipótese está intrinsicamente articulada às teorias da globalização que sugerem o surgimento de uma elite econômica global cuja particularidade seria, entre outros aspectos, seu alto desempenho e sua alta mobilidade social. Por meio da observação da biografia e da trajetória profissional, assim como da mobilidade internacional de altos executivos no Brasil, pretende-se verificar a ocorrência um novo padrão de carreira, ou seja, o surgimento de carreiras globais como efeito do processo de globalização.
Coligações eleitorais: tendências e racionalidades nas eleições federais e majoritárias estaduais (1990-2010)
Authors: Miranda Geralda Luiza de
Published: October 2013

O estudo avalia a influência da racionalidade que orienta as estratégias coligacionistas estabelecidas na disputa majoritária federal sobre as configuradas nas eleições para a Câmara, Senado e governadorias, no período 1990-2010. A hipótese que orienta a análise é que, dado o surgimento de incentivos institucionais e políticos, os partidos replicam, nas alianças estabelecidas nas últimas, as preferências e resistências que imprimiram na primeira. Na análise dos dados, são tomadas como unidades de análise as coligações e as alianças, e os partidos são classificados em relevantes e micros. Verifica-se tendências consistentes na participação eleitoral dos dois tipos de partidos e, no que se refere à racionalidade das estratégias coligacionistas, padrões de comportamento diferenciados entre os partidos, sendo que os principais competidores pelo cargo presidencial e seus aliados mais leais replicam, nas coligações estabelecidas para os outros cargos, a mesma racionalidade que imprimiram nas coligações da disputa presidencial. Esse comportamento é traduzido em uma resistência política que se sobrepõe à tradicional resistência ideológica nas estratégias coligacionistas.
Os determinantes dos resultados de soma positiva em Minas Gerais e no Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Nunes Felipe
Published: October 2013

O artigo trada dos processos decisórios no âmbito dos estados de Minas Gerais e Rio Grande do Sul entre 1999 e 2006. Pretende-se ampliar a abrangência dos estudos sobre os poderes estaduais no Brasil focando nos poderes legislativos considerados mais desenvolvidos institucionalmente. O argumento geral é que resultados de soma positiva não são obtidos de maneira espontânea, mas construídos a partir de negociação entre os governantes. Nessa direção, afirma-se que a dinâmica dos governos subnacionais brasileiros não segue uma constante de ultrapresidencialismo: há variação no tipo de relacionamento entre Executivo e Legislativo e entre governo e oposições, a depender do nível de desenvolvimento institucional e do grau de estruturação dos subsistemas partidários. Os resultados mostram que essa variação é ainda mais forte a depender do tipo de coalizão governativa. Vale destacar, primeiro, que o tipo de coalizão composta depende de características do subsistema partidário. Em segundo lugar, que quanto mais coalescente uma coalizão de governo, e quanto mais contígua uma coalizão de governo, menor é o volume de resultados de soma positiva obtidos por um governo.
Comparação entre BNP e NT-proBNP quanto à concordância e quanto à influência das variáveis clínicas e laboratoriais
Authors: Curiati Milena Novaes Cardoso , Silvestre Odilson Marcos , Pires Lucas José Tachotti , Mangini Sandrigo , Pires Philippe Vieira , Gaiotto Fabio Antonio , Laurino André Micheletto , Pêgo-Fernandes Paulo Manuel , Ferreira Carlos Eduardo dos Santos , Bacal Fernando
Published: October 2013

OBJETIVO: Correlacionar os níveis séricos do peptídeo natriurético tipo B e da fração N-terminal do pró-peptídeo natriurético tipo B, além de analisar a influência de idade, obesidade, insuficiência renal, fração da ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo, disfunção diastólica e anemia nos níveis séricos de ambos os marcadores. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional, no qual se comparou a concordância entre esses marcadores em amostras consecutivas de 138 pacientes. Para a correlação, utilizou-se o teste de Pearson e foi considerado estatisticamente significante p<0,05. RESULTADOS: Observou-se associação linear entre peptídeo natriurético tipo B e fração N-terminal do pró-peptídeo natriurético tipo B (r=0,907; p<0,001). Ao se avaliarem as medidas categorizadas como normais e alteradas, encontrou-se boa concordância, com 90,6% de classificações concordantes (p<0,001), sendo que valores alterados da fração N-terminal do pró-peptídeo natriurético tipo B e normais de peptídeo natriurético tipo B representaram 8,7% do total, e o contrário representou 1% do total. A avaliação da influência dos fatores clínicos e laboratoriais nos níveis dos peptídeos natriuréticos mostrou que eles se elevam de acordo com a idade, mas que diminuem conforme aumenta a fração de ejeção. Pacientes com anemia (p<0,001) ou com insuficiência renal (p=0,007) apresentaram valores maiores de ambos os marcadores. Não houve associação entre obesidade e peptídeo natriurético tipo B. CONCLUSÃO: Houve concordância satisfatória entre peptídeo natriurético tipo B e a fração N-terminal do pró-peptídeo natriurético tipo B. Idade, níveis de creatinina e hemoglobina, assim como função ventricular, influenciam os níveis séricos de ambos os peptídeos natriuréticos.
Avaliação prognóstica do tromboembolismo pulmonar por ecocardiograma com Doppler tecidual e peptídeo atrial natriurético tipo B
Authors: Rodrigues Ana Clara Tude , Cordovil Adriana , Mônaco Cláudia Gianini , Guimarães Laise Antônia Bonfim , Oliveira Wércules Antônio Alves de , Fischer Claudio Henrique , Lira-Filho Edgar Bezerra de , Vieira Marcelo Luiz Campos , Morhy Samira Saady
Published: October 2013

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o prognóstico do tromboembolismo pulmonar usando o ecocardiograma com Doppler tecidual e o peptídeo atrial natriurético. MÉTODOS: Pacientes com idade acima de 18 anos foram avaliados pelo ecocardiograma bidimensional e Doppler tecidual para medidas das velocidades miocárdicas (s'), strain e índice de performance miocárdica do ventrículo direito até 24 horas da confirmação diagnóstica do tromboembolismo pulmonar (tomografia/ cintilografia), sendo também o peptídeo atrial natriurético obtido até 24 horas. A influência das variáveis na mortalidade até 1 ano foi testada pela regressão de Cox. RESULTADOS: Dos 118 pacientes estudados, 100 foram incluídos, sendo 60 homens, com idade de 55±17 anos. Pelo ecocardiograma bidimensional, 28% dos pacientes apresentavam disfunção do ventrículo direito. As medidas da onda s', strain e deslocamento estiveram diminuídas para tais pacientes, que apresentavam, ainda, índice de performance miocárdica e pressão sistólica pulmonar aumentados. O peptídeo atrial natriurético médio foi de 66±111pg/mL, sendo 136±146pg/mL para pacientes com disfunção do ventrículo direito. A mortalidade foi 11% e pela análise univariada, relacionada à idade, neoplasia e peptídeo atrial natriurético. Entre as variáveis ecocardiográficas, somente a onda s' do Doppler tecidual e a pressão pulmonar associaram-se à maior mortalidade. Pela análise multivariada, entretanto, a presença de neoplasia foi o único preditor de óbito. CONCLUSÃO: Velocidades miocárdicas diminuídas e peptídeo atrial natriurético elevado estão associados a pior prognóstico em pacientes com tromboembolismo pulmonar, mas, nessa população, somente a presença de neoplasia foi capaz de predizer a mortalidade de maneira independente.
Endocardite por Streptococcus gallolyticus em portadora de lúpus eritematoso sistêmico: avaliação pelo ecocardiograma tridimensional
Authors: Azevedo Rudyney Eduardo Uchôa de , Rodrigues Ana Clara Tude , França Lucas Arraes de , Trindade Maria Luciana Zacarias Hannouche da , Vieira Marcelo Luiz Campos , Fischer Claudio Henrique , Morhy Samira Saady
Published: October 2013

Mulher de 42 anos foi encaminhada ao hospital com história de febre e queda do estado geral há 30 dias. À admissão, apresentava taquicardia e sopro sistólico na região apical. Os exames de laboratório mostraram leucocitose com 13.100/mL, hemoglobina 8,4g/dL e anticorpos positivos para lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (anti-Ro/SSA, anti-La/SSB, anticardiolipina e anticorpo antinuclear); hemocultura foi positiva para Streptococcus gallolyticus. Foi realizado um ecocardiograma transesofágico tridimensional, que mostrou múltiplas vegetações na valva mitral, com perfuração do folheto e refluxo importante, além de grande vegetação aórtica com perfuração valvar e refluxo importante adicionalmente. Pequena vegetação foi identificada na valva tricúspide, com um refluxo significativo. O emprego da ecocardiografia transesofágica tridimensional proporcionou o diagnóstico de complicações decorrentes de endocardite infecciosa.
Medidas de tempo de trânsito oral em crianças com paralisia cerebral de diferentes níveis motores e sua relação com o grau de severidade para disfagia
Authors: Lustre Natali da Silva , Freire Talita Regina Bezerra , Silvério Carolina Castelli
Published: October 2013

OBJETIVO: Verificar o tempo de preparo e de trânsito oral da deglutição de crianças com paralisia cerebral e relacioná-lo ao grau de severidade da disfagia e ao nível motor, de acordo com o Gross Motor Function Classification System. MÉTODOS: Participaram desta pesquisa 50 crianças com paralisia cerebral, média de idade de 3,6 anos, sendo dez crianças de cada nível motor. A avaliação fonoaudiológica clínica da deglutição consistiu na oferta de alimentos nas consistências "líquido fino" (água) e "pastoso homogêneo" (iogurte tipo petit suisse). Foi mensurado o tempo de preparo e de trânsito oral e realizado o diagnóstico da função de deglutição, classificando-a em normal, disfagia leve, moderada, ou grave. RESULTADOS: A média do tempo de deglutição foi de 1,33 segundos para a consistência líquida e de 3,33 segundos para a consistência pastosa. Quanto maior o nível motor do grupo de crianças, maior o tempo de deglutição para a consistência líquida. Encontrada diferença significativa entre os grupos para as duas consistências, com aumento progressivo do tempo de deglutição quanto maior o comprometimento da função de deglutição. CONCLUSÃO: O tempo de trânsito oral em crianças com paralisia cerebral mostrou-se aumentado e pôde representar a gravidade da disfagia apresentada, já que esse aumento ocorreu conforme maior o comprometimento da função de deglutição. Quanto maior o comprometimento motor global apresentado, maior o tempo de trânsito oral.
Professor - intensificação do trabalho e o uso da voz
Authors: Karmann Delmira de Fraga e , Lancman Selma
Published: October 2013

OBJETIVO: Identificar, por meio de relatos de professores do Ensino Fundamental, condições que interferem, direta ou indiretamente, no seu desempenho vocal e nas circunstâncias do seu trabalho. MÉTODOS: Pesquisa realizada com oito professoras da rede municipal de ensino de São Paulo, em cinco sessões de grupo focal. Os temas disparadores foram: o que é ser professor/a na atualidade, violência e saúde dos professores. As sessões foram gravadas e transcritas, os conteúdos analisados e organizados em categorias e subcategorias, dentro de quatro tópicos: voz, trabalho, violência e inclusão escolar. RESULTADOS: Os professores necessitam falar muito para garantir atenção e resultado do trabalho; trabalhar conteúdos comportamentais e atitudinais; resolver e negociar conflitos; administrar a violência na sala de aula; controlar situações e acalmar as crianças. Há uso intenso e contínuo da voz para outras situações, além da aula. "Gritar" e "falar alto" foram associados a competir com o ruído interno e externo à sala de aula, à quantidade de alunos e a exercer controle imediato sobre imprevisibilidades. A desorganização da rotina (interrupções constantes) sobrecarrega os professores, física e mentalmente. As crianças do programa de inclusão escolar acentuam esses problemas. CONCLUSÃO: A nova regulação das políticas educacionais reestruturou a atividade docente, sobrecarregando e intensificando seu trabalho, precarizando condições laborais e interferindo na sua organização. O professor é solicitado cotidianamente ao uso intenso da voz para resolver situações distintas - além de ministrar a aula - sem possibilidade de descanso e em condições adversas, resultando no adoecimento do corpo e da mente.
Failures in mass rapid transit underground constructions in Asia-Pacific region
Authors: Hwang Richard N. , Moh Za Chieh , Lee Wei F.
Published: October 2013

As more and more mass rapid transit (MRT) systems are constructed in urban areas with unfavourable ground conditions, failures have frequently occurred for various reasons, and risk management becomes a key issue. A knowledge base has been established for compiling the case histories associated with mass rapid transit constructions in the Asia-Pacific region in an attempt to develop means for engineers to identify, assess and prioritise potential risks. Failures are classified based on their consequence; the disastrous events which occurred in the Asia-Pacific region in the 10-year period between 2000 and 2009 are discussed in this paper.
Water, water everywhere: ingress in underground structures
Authors: Lazarus Deborah
Published: October 2013

Many problems encountered with substructures can be attributed to water entering in unintended places, generally in liquid form but sometimes as moisture vapour. Often this will be in the basement of a building, although in some instances the entire structure may be partly or entirely below ground. Water is surprisingly persistent in entering where it is not supposed to. It comes through, up and, although this last is not always considered, down into substructure. Because of this persistence, it is often not straightforward to identify the source of incoming moisture, or to find a remedy. This paper looks at some of the common issues associated with water ingress, the expectations of clients and advisers, and the different methods of specifying performance. It describes some cases encountered over a number of years, where investigations carried out have produced some interesting results and provided new insights into the difficulty of keeping water out of areas where it is not intended to be. The focus is on substructure – basements and buried structures. Leaking roofs or cladding are not considered, other than where the ‘roof’ is the lid of a below-ground structure.
Analyses of reinforced embankment on soft and hard foundations
Authors: Duangkhae Sowarapan , Bergado Dennes T. , Baral Pankaj , Ocay Barry T.
Published: October 2013

In this paper, the analyses and design using conservative limit equilibrium methods (AASHTO simplified and FHWA structure stiffness methods) were compared with the working stress methods called K-stiffness method (original and modified K-stiffness methods). Moreover, the predictions from the K-stiffness methods were confirmed from the observed data for a reinforced embankment on a hard foundation. Furthermore, since the reinforcement loads increased due to post-construction settlements for reinforced embankments on soft foundation, a further modification of the K-stiffness method is proposed. This further modification is concerned with the proposed settlement factor (Φs). The validity of this further modification is demonstrated by the good agreement between the maximum measured reinforcement loads and the recalculated maximum reinforcement loads from further modified K-stiffness method.
Strength correlations of cement-mixed soils using data mapping
Authors: Wang Ouge , Al-Tabbaa Abir
Published: October 2013

Development of comparisons and correlations between the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and the undrained triaxial compressive strength, qu, is essential for generalising performance and optimising the design of cement-stabilised soils. This paper introduces current work in collecting and collating data from a number of research projects involving both laboratory strength tests performed on identical cement-stabilised soil samples. The research project on cement-stabilised Singapore marine clays at the National University of Singapore has been used as an example to explain the work on comparing and correlating results from both tests by normalising data and constructing contour plots. The effect of variables on strength comparison and correlations was evaluated. The variation in strength correlations was found to be dependent on a number of factors including: soil properties, cement content, curing time and stress, total water/cement ratio, confining stress and strain rate. The results showed that at ∼100 kPa confining stress, UCS and qu, had similar magnitudes. Correlations between strengths and other design variables are discussed and presented.
G0-G1 Transition and the Restriction Point in Pancreatic β-Cells In Vivo
Authors: Hija Ayat , Salpeter Seth , Klochendler Agnes , Grimsby Joseph , Brandeis Michael , Glaser Benjamin , Dor Yuval
Published: October 2013

Most of our knowledge on cell kinetics stems from in vitro studies of continuously dividing cells. In this study, we determine in vivo cell-cycle parameters of pancreatic β-cells, a largely quiescent population, using drugs that mimic or prevent glucose-induced replication of β-cells in mice. Quiescent β-cells exposed to a mitogenic glucose stimulation require 8 h to enter the G1 phase of the cell cycle, and this time is prolonged in older age. The duration of G1, S, and G2/M is ∼5, 8, and 6 h, respectively. We further provide the first in vivo demonstration of the restriction point at the G0-G1 transition, discovered by Arthur Pardee 40 years ago. The findings may have pharmacodynamic implications in the design of regenerative therapies aimed at increasing β-cell replication and mass in patients with diabetes.
Obesity Alters Adipose Tissue Macrophage Iron Content and Tissue Iron Distribution
Authors: Orr Jeb S. , Kennedy Arion , Anderson-Baucum Emily K. , Webb Corey D. , Fordahl Steve C. , Erikson Keith M. , Zhang Yaofang , Etzerodt Anders , Moestrup Søren K. , Hasty Alyssa H.
Published: October 2013

Adipose tissue (AT) expansion is accompanied by the infiltration and accumulation of AT macrophages (ATMs), as well as a shift in ATM polarization. Several studies have implicated recruited M1 ATMs in the metabolic consequences of obesity; however, little is known regarding the role of alternatively activated resident M2 ATMs in AT homeostasis or how their function is altered in obesity. Herein, we report the discovery of a population of alternatively activated ATMs with elevated cellular iron content and an iron-recycling gene expression profile. These iron-rich ATMs are referred to as MFehi, and the remaining ATMs are referred to as MFelo. In lean mice, ~25% of the ATMs are MFehi; this percentage decreases in obesity owing to the recruitment of MFelo macrophages. Similar to MFelo cells, MFehi ATMs undergo an inflammatory shift in obesity. In vivo, obesity reduces the iron content of MFehi ATMs and the gene expression of iron importers as well as the iron exporter, ferroportin, suggesting an impaired ability to handle iron. In vitro, exposure of primary peritoneal macrophages to saturated fatty acids also alters iron metabolism gene expression. Finally, the impaired MFehi iron handling coincides with adipocyte iron overload in obese mice. In conclusion, in obesity, iron distribution is altered both at the cellular and tissue levels, with AT playing a predominant role in this change. An increased availability of fatty acids during obesity may contribute to the observed changes in MFehi ATM phenotype and their reduced capacity to handle iron.
BMI, RQ, Diabetes, and Sex Affect the Relationships Between Amino Acids and Clamp Measures of Insulin Action in Humans
Authors: Thalacker-Mercer Anna E. , Ingram Katherine H. , Guo Fangjian , Ilkayeva Olga , Newgard Christopher B. , Garvey W. Timothy
Published: October 2013

Previous studies have used indirect measures of insulin sensitivity to link circulating amino acids with insulin resistance and identify potential biomarkers of diabetes risk. Using direct measures (i.e., hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps), we examined the relationships between the metabolomic amino acid profile and insulin action (i.e., glucose disposal rate [GDR]). Relationships between GDR and serum amino acids were determined among insulin-sensitive, insulin-resistant, and type 2 diabetic (T2DM) individuals. In all subjects, glycine (Gly) had the strongest correlation with GDR (positive association), followed by leucine/isoleucine (Leu/Ile) (negative association). These relationships were dramatically influenced by BMI, the resting respiratory quotient (RQ), T2DM, and sex. Gly had a strong positive correlation with GDR regardless of BMI, RQ, or sex but became nonsignificant in T2DM. In contrast, Leu/Ile was negatively associated with GDR in nonobese and T2DM subjects. Increased resting fat metabolism (i.e., low RQ) and obesity were observed to independently promote and negate the association between Leu/Ile and insulin resistance, respectively. Additionally, the relationship between Leu/Ile and GDR was magnified in T2DM males. Future studies are needed to determine whether Gly has a mechanistic role in glucose homeostasis and whether dietary Gly enrichment may be an effective intervention in diseases characterized by insulin resistance.
Endothelial Cells From Visceral Adipose Tissue Disrupt Adipocyte Functions in a Three-Dimensional Setting: Partial Rescue by Angiopoietin-1
Authors: Pellegrinelli Vanessa , Rouault Christine , Veyrie Nicolas , Clément Karine , Lacasa Danièle
Published: October 2013

During obesity, chronic inflammation of human white adipose tissue (WAT) is associated with metabolic and vascular alterations. Endothelial cells from visceral WAT (VAT-ECs) exhibit a proinflammatory and senescent phenotype and could alter adipocyte functions. We aimed to determine the contribution of VAT-ECs to adipocyte dysfunction related to inflammation and to rescue these alterations by anti-inflammatory strategies. We developed an original three-dimensional setting allowing maintenance of unilocular adipocyte functions. Coculture experiments demonstrated that VAT-ECs provoked a decrease in the lipolytic activity, adipokine secretion, and insulin sensitivity of adipocytes from obese subjects, as well as an increased production of several inflammatory molecules. Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β were identified as potential actors in these adipocyte alterations. The inflammatory burst was not observed in cocultured cells from lean subjects. Interestingly, pericytes, in functional interactions with ECs, exhibited a proinflammatory phenotype with diminished angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) secretion in WAT from obese subjects. Using the anti-inflammatory Ang-1, we corrected some deleterious effects of WAT-ECs on adipocytes, improving lipolytic activity and insulin sensitivity and reducing the secretion of proinflammatory molecules. In conclusion, we identified a negative impact of VAT-ECs on adipocyte functions during human obesity. Therapeutic options targeting EC inflammation could prevent adipocyte alterations that contribute to obesity comorbidities.
Adipose Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 and Obesity
Authors: Sell Henrike , Blüher Matthias , Klöting Nora , Schlich Raphaela , Willems Miriam , Ruppe Florian , Knoefel Wolfram Trudo , Dietrich Arne , Fielding Barbara A. , Arner Peter , Frayn Keith N. , Eckel Jürgen
Published: October 2013

OBJECTIVE

To study expression of the recently identified adipokine dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of patients with various BMIs and insulin sensitivities, as well as to assess circulating DPP4 in relation to obesity and insulin sensitivity.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

DPP4 expression was measured in SAT and VAT from 196 subjects with a wide range of BMIs and insulin sensitivities. DPP4 release was measured ex vivo in paired biopsies from SAT and VAT as well as in vivo from SAT of lean and obese patients. Circulating DPP4 was measured in insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant BMI-matched obese patients.

RESULTS

DPP4 expression was positively correlated with BMI in both SAT and VAT, with VAT consistently displaying higher expression than SAT. Ex vivo release of DPP4 from adipose tissue explants was higher in VAT than in SAT in both lean and obese patients, with obese patients displaying higher DPP4 release than lean controls. Net release of DPP4 from adipose tissue was also demonstrated in vivo with greater release in obese subjects than in lean subjects and in women than in men. Insulin-sensitive obese patients had significantly lower circulating DPP4 than did obesity-matched insulin-resistant patients. In this experiment, DPP4 positively correlated with the amount of VAT, adipocyte size, and adipose tissue inflammation.

CONCLUSIONS

DPP4, a novel adipokine, has a higher release from VAT that is particularly pronounced in obese and insulin-resistant patients. Our data suggest that DPP4 may be a marker for visceral obesity, insulin resistance, and the metabolic syndrome.
Influence of Apolipoproteins on the Association Between Lipids and Insulin Sensitivity
Authors: Baldi Simona , Bonnet Fabrice , Laville Martine , Morgantini Cecilia , Monti Lucilla , Hojlund Kurt , Ferrannini Ele , Natali Andrea ,   on behalf of the RISC Investigators
Published: October 2013

OBJECTIVE

We evaluated whether the association of insulin sensitivity with HDL cholesterol (HDL) and triglycerides is influenced by major plasma apolipoproteins, as suggested by recent experimental evidence.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This study included a cross-sectional analysis of the RISC Study, a multicenter European clinical investigation in 1,017 healthy volunteers balanced in sex (women 54%) and age strata (range 30–60 years). Insulin sensitivity (M/I in µmol ⋅ min−1 ⋅ kgFFM−1 ⋅ nM−1) was measured by the clamp technique and apolipoproteins (ApoB, -C3, -A1, and -E) by Multiplex Technology.

RESULTS

The center-, sex-, and age-adjusted standardized regression coefficients (STDβ) with M/I were similar for HDL and triglycerides (+19.9 ± 1.9 vs. −20.0 ± 2.0, P < 0.0001). Further adjustment for triglycerides (or HDL), BMI, and adiponectin (or nonesterified fatty acid) attenuated the strength of the association of M/I with both HDL (STDβ +6.4 ± 2.3, P < 0.01) and triglycerides (−9.5 ± 2.1, P < 0.001). Neither ApoA1 nor ApoE and ApoB showed any association with M/I independent from plasma HDL cholesterol and triglycerides. ApoC3, in contrast, in both men and women, was positively associated with M/I independently of plasma lipids. A relative enrichment of plasma lipids with ApoC3 is associated with lower body fat percentage and lower plasma alanine amino transferase.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results suggest that HDL cholesterol modulates insulin sensitivity through a mechanism that is partially mediated by BMI and adiponectin but not by ApoA1. Similarly, the influence of triglycerides on insulin sensitivity is in part mediated by BMI and is unrelated to ApoE or ApoB, but it is significantly modulated by ApoC3, which appears to protect from the negative effect of plasma lipids.
Poor Glycemic Control Is Related to Increased Nitric Oxide Activity Within the Renal Circulation of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Schneider Markus P. , Ott Christian , Schmidt Stephanie , Kistner Iris , Friedrich Stefanie , Schmieder Roland E.
Published: October 2013

OBJECTIVE

Experimental studies have shown that glucose releases endothelial nitric oxide (NO) and that NO contributes to renal hyperperfusion in models of diabetes. To examine whether this translates into the human condition, we studied the relationship between glycemic control and renal NO activity in patients with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A total of 113 patients with type 2 diabetes and a wide range of HbA1c concentrations were included. Renal plasma flow (RPF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were determined by constant infusion input clearance. Functional NO activity in the renal circulation was determined as change of RPF to infusion of the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor N(G)-monomethyl-l-arginine (l-NMMA) (4.25 mg/kg). As additional markers, we measured urinary excretion of NO (UNOx) and l-arginine–to–asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) ratio in plasma.

RESULTS

Subjects within the highest tertile of HbA1c concentration had increased RPF (low, medium, and high tertiles 576 ± 17 vs. 585 ± 22 vs. 627 ± 33 mL/min/m2, P = 0.05 by one-way ANOVA), while GFR was similar across tertiles. The response of RPF to NOS blockade was augmented in subjects with higher HbA1c levels (−55 ± 7 vs. −64 ± 8 vs. −86 ± 8 mL/min, P = 0.04 by one-way ANOVA). Further, l-arginine–to–ADMA ratio and UNOx were increased in subjects with higher HbA1c levels.

CONCLUSIONS

In line with experimental evidence, we could demonstrate in humans that poor glycemic control is related to higher NO activity and hyperperfusion of the kidney. The renal NO system may thus be a novel therapeutic target for improving renal hemodynamics in patients with diabetes.
Earlier Onset of Complications in Youth With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Dart Allison B. , Martens Patricia J. , Rigatto Claudio , Brownell Marni D. , Dean Heather J. , Sellers Elizabeth A.
Published: October 2013

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the risk of complications in youth with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Population-based cohorts of 342 youth (1–18 years of age) with prevalent type 2 diabetes, 1,011 youth with type 1 diabetes, and 1,710 nondiabetic control youth were identified between 1986 and 2007 from a clinical registry and linked to health care records to assess long-term outcomes using ICD-9CM and ICD-10CA codes.

RESULTS

Youth with type 2 diabetes had an increased risk of any complication (hazard ratio 1.47 [95% CI 1.02–2.12]). Significant adverse clinical factors included age at diagnosis (1.08 [1.02–2.12]), HbA1c (1.06 [1.01–1.12]), and, surprisingly, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitor use (1.75 [1.27–2.41]). HNF-1α G319S polymorphism was protective in the type 2 diabetes cohort (0.58 [0.34–0.99]). Kaplan-Meier statistics revealed an earlier diagnosis of renal and neurologic complications in the type 2 diabetes cohort, manifesting within 5 years of diagnosis. No difference in retinopathy was seen. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were rare; however, major complications (dialysis, blindness, or amputation) started to manifest 10 years after diagnosis in the type 2 diabetes cohort. Youth with type 2 diabetes had higher rates of all outcomes than nondiabetic control youth and an overall 6.15-fold increased risk of any vascular disease.

CONCLUSIONS

Youth with type 2 diabetes exhibit complications sooner than youth with type 1 diabetes. Younger age at diagnosis is potentially protective, and glycemic control is an important modifiable risk factor. The unexpected adverse association between RAAS inhibitor use and outcome is likely a confounder by indication; however, further evaluation in young people is warranted.
Early Bashkirian Rugosa (Anthozoa) from the Donets Basin, Ukraine. Part 4. Cordibia, a new protocolonial genus
Authors: Fedorowski Jerzy , Ogar Viktor V.
Published: October 2013

Cordibia pumila gen. et sp. nov. (Aulophyllidae, Dibunophyllinae) from the Lower Bashkirian E 1 Limestone of the Donets Basin, Ukraine is described. The term “protocolony” is formally defined as a growth form intermediate between the solitary and colonial. Protocolonies consist of protocorallites and verticils of non-reproductive offsets [i.e., the lost structures]. The early ontogeny of a protocorallite is compared to the blastogeny in the same species in order to establish characters in common during both processes and to document the usefulness of blastogeny for phylogenetic reconstructions. The short duration and abundance of the occurrence (Limestones E1up acme, E11 ) of that species also makes it a good marker for the lowest Feninian (= Krasnopolyanian) strata in the Donets Basin.
Stability and controllability of switched systems
Authors: Klamka J. , Czornik A. , Niezabitowski M.
Published: October 2013

The study of properties of switched and hybrid systems gives rise to a number of interesting and challenging mathematical problems. This paper aims to briefly survey recent results on stability and controllability of switched linear systems. First, the stability analysis for switched systems is reviewed. We focus on the stability analysis for switched linear systems under arbitrary switching, and we highlight necessary and sufficient conditions for asymptotic stability. After that, we review the controllability results.
Decoupling zeros of positive continuous-time linear systems
Authors: Kaczorek T.
Published: October 2013

Necessary and sufficient conditions for the reachability and observability of the positive continuous-time linear systems are established. Definitions of the input-decoupling zeros, output-decoupling zeros and input-output decoupling zeros are proposed. Some properties of the decoupling zeros are discussed.
Parameter selection of an adaptive PI state observer for an induction motor
Authors: Białoń T. , Lewicki A. , Pasko M. , Niestrój R.
Published: October 2013

The paper discusses problems connected with the parameters selection of the proportional-integral observer, designed for reconstruction of magnetic fluxes and angular speed of an induction motor. The selection is performed in several stages that are focused on different criteria. The first stage consists in selecting observer’s gains and provides desired dynamical properties, taking into consideration immunity to disturbances and parameter variations of observed system. The second stage prevents an observer from DC-offset cumulation and instability. The last stage consists in setting the parameters of a speed adaptation mechanism. The impact of different settings on the properties of an observer is illustrated with experimental results, obtained in the multiscalar control system of an induction motor
Numerical and experimental investigation on internal membrane pressure wave inside sealed structure
Authors: Barnat W.
Published: October 2013

The article presents an approach to modeling the internal membrane pressure wave inside a sealed structure. During an explosion near a vehicle when a pressure wave reaches a hull, a pressure wave inside arises due to the hull’s bottom and the deformation of sides. They act like the piston - membrane. This membrane transfers the pressure impulse into the vehicle’s interior. A pressure increase causes the damage of internal organs or even death of occupants. In case of an armor penetration the pressure increase may be even larger. One of basic methods to protect a crew is to open hatches. However, such a method cannot be used in a contaminated area.
Effective throughput of AX.25 protocol
Authors: Zieliński B.
Published: October 2013

AX.25 protocol belongs to the HDLC protocols family and is used, among others, as a data link layer in an amateur Packet Radio network. The paper presents a simple analytical model developed on the basis of protocol frame exchange rules. Then, we compare analytical results to the experimental ones achieved using various different types of TNC controllers that act as network interfaces for Packet Radio network. In the experimental part we focus on both hardware and software properties of TNC that have influence on the effective throughput of the network.
The sensitivity of sensor structures with oxide graphene exposed to selected gaseous atmospheres
Authors: Pustelny T. , Drewniak S. , Setkiewicz M. , Maciak E. , Urbańczyk M. , Procek M. , Gut K. , Opilski Z. , Jagiello J. , Lipinska L.
Published: October 2013

The paper presents the results of investigations on the resistive structure with a graphene oxide (GO) sensing layer. The effects of dangerous gases (hydrogen and nitrogen dioxide) on the structure were studied; the resistance changes were examined during the flow of the selected gas in the atmosphere of synthetic air. Measurements were performed with a special emphasis on the detection of low concentrations of the analyzed gases. The reactions of the sensing structure to the effect of nitrogen and synthetic air at different humidity were also tested. Much attention was also paid to the fast response of the sensor to the changes in the gas atmosphere. The thin palladium layer (~2 nm) has been applied in order to improve the sensing properties of the structure. The investigations were performed in the temperature range from RT to 120°C and the analyzed gases in synthetic air were batched alternately with pure synthetic air.
Body composition in male physical education university students in view of their physical activity level
Authors: Stachoń Aleksandra , Pietraszewska Jadwiga
Published: October 2013

Purpose

Body composition and fat distribution is specific for particular populations and social groups. However, one factor that significantly affects body composition is physical activity. The aim of the study was to assess the various components of body composition in male physical education students with regard to their physical activity level.

Methods

A detailed questionnaire survey on physical activity was administered to 252 male students. Based on their responses, the participants were placed into two groups engaged in either moderate or vigorous physical activity. Anthropometric measurements included measures of body height and mass and also skinfold thickness. Body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Statistical analysis was performed by comparing the groups’ mean values, standard deviations, and percentages of the components of body composition.

Results

The groups did not differ significantly for mean body height and mass. No statistically significant differences were found in the absolute amounts of the various components of body composition (except for fat mass) between the groups. Both groups had 61.5 kg of fat-free mass (constituting 80.6% of body mass for the vigorously active and 78.7% of body mass for the moderately active students) and both had 44 kg of muscle mass (constituting 58.3% and 56.1% of body mass, respectively). Students who declared to be involved in vigorous physical activity had 2 kg less and 2% lower fat mass than those involved in moderate physical activity (based on BIA measurements). Measures of skinfold thickness found more subcutaneous fat tissue in the vigorously active group, but the use of a fat index based on body height found them to present less fat.

Conclusions

The difference in fat content between physical education students who were more or less physically active was found to be 2 kg and 2%. The results found that physical activity level was not associated with body height, body mass, and the absolute amounts of the other studied components of body composition.
Laterality of lower limbs during V2 Al ternate in Nordic combined athletes
Authors: Jandová Soňa , Charousek Jan
Published: October 2013

Purpose

The aim of this study was to analyse the foot pressure distribution by cross-country skiers during the push-off phase when using the V2 Alternate skating technique depending on lower limb preference. The study also focused on whether push-off during V2 Alternate would be performed more quickly and in a shorter time interval by the dominant leg than the non-dominant leg.

Methods

Data were collected using a pedographic system together with synchronised video recording. Conventional dialogistic methods used in kinanthropology were used to detect the lower-limb lateral preference.

Results

Statistically significant differences in the vertical component of force produced by the right/leg lower limbs was observed. However, no statistically significant differences were present in the duration when weight was transferred to one of the lower limbs.

Conclusions

Although V2 Alternate is a movement task that is considered to be symmetrical (where left and right leg push-off should be practically identical), the results of the study proved otherwise. In practice, this implies that the explosive force capabilities of cross-country skiers should be trained especially for the non-dominant leg so as to ensure that a fully adequate push-off can be conducted during two-sided skating.
Changes in breathing pattern and cycling efficiency as a result of training with added respiratory dead space volume
Authors: Hebisz Paulina , Hebisz Rafał , Zatoń Marek
Published: October 2013

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of training with added respiratory dead space volume (ARDSV) on changes in a breathing pattern and cycling efficiency.

Methods

Twenty road cyclists were equally divided into an experimental (E) and control (C) group. All of them were involved in a training program that included endurance training (at moderate intensity) and interval training (at maximal intensity). During semi-weekly endurance training, ARDSV (1000cm3 tube) was introduced in the experimental group. Respiratory parameters, including, among others, oxygen uptake (VO2), carbon dioxide excretion (VCO2), end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PETCO2), pulmonary ventilation (VE), tidal volume (TV) and total work done during the tests (W), were measured before and after the experiment by a progressive and continuous test.

Results

Higher PETCO2 and TV in both groups during the progressive and continuous tests were observed. VCO2 increased in group E during continuous test, while for group C only in the first four minutes of the test. VO2 and VE increased only in group E during submaximal and maximal exercise. Total work increased during the continuous test in both groups (significantly higher in group C than E). However, total work during the progressive test increased only in group E.

Conclusions

Training with ARDSV improved exercise capacity at maximal effort and was associated with an increase in maximal oxygen uptake. On the other hand, this type of training lead to a decrease in cycling efficiency, reducing in effect the benefits associated with an increase in VO2max and reducing the ability to perform submaximal effort.
Simulation and Modelling of Passivity Based Control of PMSM Under Controlled Voltage
Authors: Belabbes Baghdad , Lousdad Abdelkader , Meroufel Abdelkader , Larbaoui Ahmed
Published: October 2013

The aim of the present paper is the study of the behaviour of passivity based control and difficulties due to synthesis for various operating conditions of a synchronous motor with a permanent magnets. The study takes into account the guarantee of satisfactory static and dynamic performance. It also allows the system to be insensitive to disturbances and uncertainties on the parameters. A number of estimation techniques have been developed to achieve speed and position sensorless permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives. Most of them suffer from variation of motor parameters such as the stator resistance, stator inductance and torque constant. Also it is known that conventional linear estimators are not adaptive variations of the operating point in a nonlinear system.