bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prefrontal damage in childhood and changes in the development of personality: A case report
Authors: Bahia Valéria Santoro , Takada Leonel Tadao , Caixeta Leonardo , Lucato Leandro Tavares , Porto Claudia Sellitto , Nitrini Ricardo
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT Frontal lobe lesions are associated with behavioral abnormalities and executive dysfunction. When these lesions occur early in life, the symptoms are even more severe as the anatomical and functional substrates underlying personality and behavior are damaged, distorting normal modulation by interaction with the psychosocial environment. We present a case of a 40-year-old man who suffered a frontal lobe lesion at the age of nine years and developed impulsivity, disinhibition and inappropriate behaviors while showing some preservation of insight. Brain MRI revealed lesions to bilateral orbitofrontal cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate gyri and genu of the corpus callosum , which were more extensive on the right side. The right prefrontal dorsolateral cortex was severely damaged, whereas the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex was spared. We will discuss the correlation of the damaged pre frontal regions with the symptoms presented by the patient.
Evaluation of careHPV, Cervista Human Papillomavirus, and Hybrid Capture 2 Methods in Diagnosing Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 2+ in Xinjiang Uyghur Women
Authors: Tuerxun Gulixian , Yukesaier Awaguli , Lu Ling , Aierken Kailibinuer , Mijiti Patiman , Jiang Yujie , Abulizi Axianguli , Zhang Yuanyuan , Abuduxikuer Guzhanuer , Abulizi Guzhalinuer , Li Hua
Published: June 2016

Objective.

The study aimed to evaluate the value of the Cervista human papillomavirus (HPV), Hybrid Capture 2 (HC-2), and careHPV tests in diagnosing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (CIN2) or worse in Xinjiang Uyghur women.

Methods.

Three high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) detection methods were studied on two different populations by different combination modes; a cytology specimen was obtained at the same time. An abnormal result of any test resulted in referral to colposcopy. Cervical biopsy was also performed.

Results.

In population 1, HR-HPV-positive rates were 57.6% and 54.3% as detected by HC-2 and Cervista, respectively; κ = 0.892 for consistency check of HC-2 and Cervista (p < .001). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of HC-2 and Cervista was 0.744 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.664∼0.824, p < .001) and 0.786 (95% CI: 0.715∼0.858, p < .001), respectively, for diagnosing CIN2+. The A9 probe can detect six subtypes of HPV, including HPV16, HPV31, HPV33, HPV35, HPV52, and HPV58. If one or more of these subtypes are postitive, then A9 will be positive. A diagnosis of class A9 by the Cerevista test correlated with pathological interpretations (chi-square = 43.063, p < .001). In population 2, HR-HPV-positive rates were 40.1% and 34.4%, respectively, by HC-2 and careHPV; κ value was 0.779 for the two tests (p < .001). AUC of HC-2 was 0.895 (95% CI: 0.849∼0.940, p < .001), and careHPV was 0.841 (95% CI: 0.770∼0.899, p < .001) for diagnosing CIN2+.

Conclusion.

Good consistency was shown between HC-2 and Cervista tests and also between the HC-2 and careHPV tests. In the detection of CIN2+, Cervista showed better specificity than HC-2, and interpretation of the A9 subgroup showed high predicted value. The HC-2 test demonstrated better sensitivity than careHPV in detection of CIN2+. HC-2, Cervista, and careHPV may be applied as a triage test for visual inspection with acetic acid/Lugol’s iodine-positive or ThinPrep cytologic test-positive women. The careHPV test was comparatively economical and efficient and may be more suitable for resource-limited regions, such as Xinjiang.
“I Like to Play with My Friends”: Children with Spina Bifida and Belonging in Uganda
Authors: Bannink Femke , Idro Richard , Van Hove Geert
Published: June 2016

This paper describes experiences of living and belonging from the perspectives of Ugandan children with spina bifida and their siblings and parents. We explored belonging at micro, meso and macro level taking into consideration African Childhood Disability Studies, central concepts of family, cultural conceptions of disability, poverty, and the notion of ‘ubuntu’, and using child-friendly culturally adjusted interview methods including play. Whilst children with spina bifida had a strong sense of belonging at household level, they experienced more difficulties engaging in larger social networks, including school. Poverty and stigma were important barriers to inclusion. We propose strengthening the network at family level, where the environment is more enabling for the children to find a place of belonging and support, and expanding investment and awareness at community and national level.
Mobility, Transport and Social Inclusion: Lessons from History
Authors: Pooley Colin
Published: June 2016

This paper argues that although it is now possible to travel more quickly and easily than ever before, transport-related social exclusion is more likely than it was in the past. Using evidence drawn from life writing and oral testimonies I examine the ways in which people accessed everyday transport over the past two centuries. In the early nineteenth century mobility options were limited and most people travelled in similar ways, though the rich always had access to the fastest and most comfortable transportation. From the mid-nineteenth century the railways provided fast travel for most people. Progressively, in the twentieth century British society became car dependent so that those without access to a car were disadvantaged. Such transport-related social exclusion was exacerbated by the denuding of public transport, and by heightened expectations for mobility which often could not be achieved. It is argued that a return to a less differentiated mobility system could increase transport-related social inclusion.
The Quest for Gender-Sensitive and Inclusive Transport Policies in Growing Asian Cities
Authors: Thynell Marie
Published: June 2016

In cities all over the world, growing numbers of women are working or studying further away from home than ever before. This article presents policies by the World Bank and recommendations by the United Nations to improve conditions for women’s mobility in cities. Although these stress different factors affecting women’s experiences of traffic and transport, they all agree about the importance of enabling women’s mobility. However, gender-sensitive policies have been largely unsuccessful. This article presents examples of conditions for women in New Delhi and other rapidly growing Asian cities that illustrate how gender norms operate. This study uses the perspectives of development research and gender studies to examine economic and political initiatives and the way women act and interact with transport in local contexts. It facilitates critical reflection upon existing transport policies and suggests ‘how’ women’s needs may be effectively addressed. More in-depth knowledge about women’s needs and the problems they face when travelling will be useful for designing of policies that address more than simply the harassments of women. More inclusive urban access would enhance conditions for women and enable them to make choices according to their needs. In this way, social science and policy will cross-pollinate one another.
Perceived Accessibility of Public Transport as a Potential Indicator of Social Inclusion
Authors: Lättman Katrin , Friman Margareta , Olsson Lars E.
Published: June 2016

Perceived accessibility has been acknowledged as an important aspect of transport policy since the 70s. Nevertheless, very few empirical studies have been conducted in this field. When aiming to improve social inclusion, by making sustainable transport modes accessible to all, it is important to understand the factors driving perceived accessibility. Unlike conventional accessibility measures, perceived accessibility focuses on the perceived possibilities and ease of engaging in preferred activities using different transport modes. We define perceived accessibility in terms of how easy it is to live a satisfactory life with the help of the transport system, which is not necessarily the same thing as the objective standard of the system. According to previous research, perceived accessibility varies with the subjectively-rated quality of the mode of transport. Thus, improvements in quality (e.g. trip planning, comfort, or safety) increase the perceived accessibility and make life easier to live using the chosen mode of transport. This study (n=750) focuses on the perceived accessibility of public transport, captured using the Perceived Accessibility Scale PAC (Lättman, Olsson, & Friman, 2015). More specifically, this study aims to determine how level of quality affects the perceived accessibility in public transport. A Conditional Process Model shows that, in addition to quality, feeling safe and frequency of travel are important predictors of perceived accessibility. Furthermore, elderly and those in their thirties report a lower level of perceived accessibility to their day-to-day activities using public transport. The basic premise of this study is that subjective experiences may be as important as objective indicators when planning and designing for socially inclusive transport systems.
Does a Rise in Income Inequality Lead to Rises in Transportation Inequality and Mobility Practice Inequality?
Authors: Purwanto Joko
Published: June 2016

Social and economic inequalities have sharpened in the late 20th century. During this period, Europe has witnessed a rising unemployment rate, a declining wages for the least qualified workers, a slowing of income growth, and an increasing gap between the richest and the poorest. Based on the hypothesis of the relation between socio-economic condition and mobility behaviour, it is necessary to ask how these socio-economic inequalities manifest themselves in transportation: does a rise in income inequality lead to a rise in transportation inequality and mobility practice inequality? This question is particularly relevant today as some European countries are facing high socio-economic inequalities following the financial crisis that started in 2008. Using results from transport, car ownership and mobility surveys as well as household surveys from the Paris (Île-de-France) region between eighties and late nineties, this paper tries to answer this question. The results show how inequalities in transportation and mobility practice have decreased during the period in spite of an increase in income inequalities. We find that the evolution of socio-economic inequality, most specifically income inequality was simply one of the determining factors of the evolution of inequalities in transportation and mobility practice. In fact, the most important role in that evolution is not played by the evolution of income inequality but by the evolution of elasticity between transportation and income. Reducing the effects of this elasticity should be the main target of transport policies to diminish inequality in transportation and mobility practice.
Bicycle and Car Share Schemes as Inclusive Modes of Travel? A Socio-Spatial Analysis in Glasgow, UK
Authors: Clark Julie , Curl Angela
Published: June 2016

Public bicycle and car sharing schemes have proliferated in recent years and are increasingly part of the urban transport landscape. Shared transport options have the potential to support social inclusion by improving accessibility: these initiatives could remove some of the barriers to car ownership or bicycle usage such as upfront costs, maintenance and storage. However, the existing evidence base indicates that, in reality, users are most likely to be white, male and middle class. This paper argues that there is a need to consider the social inclusivity of sharing schemes and to develop appropriate evaluation frameworks accordingly. We therefore open by considering ways in which shared transport schemes might be inclusive or not, using a framework developed from accessibility planning. In the second part of the paper, we use the case study of Glasgow in Scotland to undertake a spatial equity analysis of such schemes. We examine how well they serve different population groups across the city, using the locations of bicycle stations and car club parking spaces in Glasgow, comparing and contrasting bike and car. An apparent failure to deliver benefits across the demographic spectrum raises important questions about the socially inclusive nature of public investment in similar schemes.
Supporting a Design Driven Approach to Social Inclusion and Accessibility in Transport
Authors: Marshall Russell , Summerskill Steve , Case Keith , Hussain Amjad , Gyi Diane , Sims Ruth , Morris Andrew , Barnes Jo
Published: June 2016

This paper presents research into the area of public transport and accessibility, addressing the support of practitioners in achieving socially inclusive solutions to the mobility issues of diverse populations. For decades, social policy has been underpinned by a stereotyping of populations into simplified sub groups: old, young, disabled, etc. and thus solutions often fail to properly address the richness of human variability. These shortcomings are often ‘managed’ through the ability for people to adapt, however, this is not a sustainable way in which to build a socially inclusive transport infrastructure. A software design tool called HADRIAN is presented. This tool provides a means to evaluate designs for their physical inclusiveness through the use of a virtual user group. This virtual user group is the embodiment of over 100 people that can be used to assess an existing or proposed design and to gain an understanding of what may be done to improve its accommodation. A case study exploring the use of the tool is described together with work in exploring the correlation of the individuals within the HADRIAN system with data on the UK population as a whole and how the inclusion or exclusion of individuals with specific characteristics can be used to inform a more representative view of the inclusiveness of a design.
Framing Social Inclusion as a Benchmark for Cycling-Inclusive Transport Policy in Kisumu, Kenya
Authors: Alando Walter , Scheiner Joachim
Published: June 2016

Cycling in many cities of the Global South faces unending exclusion from street spaces despite the on-going transport policy reforms. This exclusion worsens the marginalisation of the poor majority who use this mode. In this paper, we formulate social inclusion as a policy tool for reconciling transport policy to the cycling needs of Kisumu, Kenya. We draw from social quality theory and Lefebvre’s right to the city concept to assemble the ideals of social inclusion. These ideals form the benchmark for a qualitative content analysis of the policy pronouncements contained in the Kenya Vision 2030 and the Integrated National Transport Policy to ascertain the opportunities presented by these policies for cycling inclusion. Findings from interviews held with transport professionals in government and private practice support this content analysis. Results show that while the Kenya Vision 2030 focuses on economic growth, the Government has prioritised the implementation of its projects, thus diminishing the fragile opportunity for cycling inclusion presented by the transport policy. To consolidate this opportunity, we propose different policy recommendations to improve the terms for cyclists to claim and produce street spaces.
Relato de ocorrência da ferrugem da teca, causada por Olivea neotectonae no Estado de Goiás
Authors: Marques M. L. S. , Jesus J. M. I. , Virtuoso M. C. S. , Marques V. S. , Santos G. R.
Published: June 2016

A Teca (Tectona grandis) é uma planta originaria da Ásia e vêm sendo cultivada principalmente nas regiões Norte e Centro Oeste do Brasil. Porém algumas doenças podem provocar danos à produtividade e crescimento desta espécie, dentre estas fitopatologias está à ferrugem. Este trabalho objetivou-se a relatar a ocorrência do fungo Olivea neotectonae, causador da ferrugem na teca, pela primeira vez no Estado de Goiás. Em maio de 2013, foram observadas folhas da teca com sintomas de necroses que posteriormente provocavam desfolha precoce das plantas. Para avaliação inicial, folhas de teca foram coletadas em plantas localizadas na área do Instituto Federal Goiano Câmpus Ceres-GO. Em seguida, estas foram levadas ao laboratório de Microbiologia do Departamento de Ciências Agrárias. Na observação em microscópio óptico, foram visualizadas e medidas as estruturas fúngicas. Diante dos resultados obtidos no presente trabalho, pode-se concluir que o fungo causador de necroses em plantas observadas no estado de Goiás, trata-se do patógeno Olivea neotectonae, agente causal da ferrugem da Teca.

Report of teak rust, caused by Olivea neotectonae in the Goiás State
Abstract: Teak (Tectona grandis L.) is an Asian plant and it has been cultivated mainly in the North and Midwest of Brazil. However, some diseases can decrease its productivity and growth, such as rust (Olivea neotectonae). This study aimed at reporting O. neotectonae in teak for the first time in the Goiás State. In May 2013, teak leaves were found with necrosis and subsequently fell untimely causing defoliation in plants. As initial analysis, teak leaves were collected from plants located in the area of the Federal Institute Goiano Campus Ceres-GO. Then leaves were taken to the microbiology laboratory of the Department of Agricultural Sciences and analyzed as well as measured under optical microscope for fungal structures. Based on the results of this study, we conclude that the causative fungus necrosis found in plants in the Goiás State is Olivea neotectonae, the causal agent of rust teak.
Seasonal and Compositional Effects of Classroom Aggression: A Test of Developmental-Contextual Models
Authors: Jones Stephanie M. , Molano Andres
Published: June 2016

This study examines seasonal change in child aggressive behavior over 2 calendar years and explores the role of classroom composition on developmental trajectories. Four waves of data were collected in the fall and spring of 2 academic years from a sample of children attending New York City public elementary schools. Using the school calendar year as a reference point, we estimate average rates of change in aggression during the periods in which schools are in session as well as for the summer break. Employing centering strategies, we also explore the effect of different individual and classroom-level distributional positions on the estimated trajectories. Findings support the existence of an important “summer drop” in aggression that contrasts with positive growth during the school year. We also find main and moderated differences in these trajectories associated with the position students and classrooms occupy within the school and sample distribution of aggressive behavior.
Classroom Context and the Relations Between Social Withdrawal and Peer Victimization
Authors: Bass Ellyn Charlotte , Santo Jonathan Bruce , da Cunha Josafa M. , Neufeld Cara
Published: June 2016

This study examined the relationship between social withdrawal (isolation and unsociability) and peer victimization by exploring the moderating influences of gender, classroom norms of social withdrawal, individualism, and collectivism. One hundred fifty-eight adolescents (Mage= 14.11,SD= 1.10; 46.3% boys) in 7th and 8th grade from Curitiba, Brazil, completed peer assessments of isolation, unsociability, peer victimization, and self-reports of classroom individualism and collectivism. Isolation and unsociability were aggregated into classroom norms. Data were analyzed using multilevel modeling. Isolation and unsociability positively predicted victimization. Unsociability was a positive predictor of victimization in low-unsociability classrooms. Isolation was negatively associated with victimization in low-isolation classes. The relationship between isolation and victimization was weaker in more collectivistic classes. The relationship between unsociability and peer victimization was strongest among boys in classes low in individualism. This study provides further support that social withdrawal has consequences for adolescents’ socioemotional development which vary by classroom context.
Developmental Trajectories of Children’s Social Competence in Early Childhood: The Role of the Externalizing Behaviors of Their Preschool Peers
Authors: Yudron Monica , Jones Stephanie M.
Published: June 2016

The construct of social competence encompasses a set of discrete skills considered important for the formation of positive relationships with others (Raver & Zigler, 1997). Despite the importance of social competence, little is known about its developmental course through early childhood. In addition, little is known about the influence of preschool classroom-level peer characteristics on the developmental trajectory of social competence.

In this study, we fit multilevel models of change to explore children’s trajectories of social competence in early childhood. We investigated whether critical features of children’s trajectories differed systematically by observed aggregate differences in the externalizing behaviors of their preschool peers—a salient aspect of one of the first social contexts in which children engage. We found that children’s social competence grows over time in early childhood and has a statistically significant, positive relationship with the classroom level of externalizing behaviors. Evidence of this relationship disappears when the quality of the classroom relational climate is controlled for in the multilevel regression model.
The Interplay of Social and Ethnic Classroom Composition, Tracking, and Gender on Students’ School Satisfaction
Authors: Scharenberg Katja
Published: June 2016

This article examines the effects of social and ethnic classroom composition and tracking on students’ school satisfaction as an indicator of well-being and socioemotional outcomes in school. Analyses were based on a longitudinal school achievement study in Hamburg (Germany) with a sample of 5,941 students in 331 classes in secondary school. Multilevel analyses showed that, in classes with a more favorable social composition and a higher percentage of immigrants, students achieved higher levels of school satisfaction at the end of Grade 8. Regarding the developments of school satisfaction in Grades 7 and 8, the findings were similar but also indicated a stronger “confoundation” of compositional and tracking effects. It is concluded that because of segregation in secondary school, differential school environments do not only affect achievement but also emerge regarding socioemotional outcomes. Cross-level interaction analyses revealed gender-specific effects: Girls were found to be more susceptible to classroom composition and stronger benefit from attending academic tracks.
Levels of phenolic acids, catechin and epicatechin in wines of Portugal and the Azores prodece from different varieties and vintages
Authors: Ribeiro de Lima Maria Teresa , Kelly Mary T. , Cabanis Marie-Thérèse , Blaise Alain
Published: June 2016

In recent decades, epidemiological studies have shown that the incidence of cardiovascular disease is less frequent in countries where wine is regularly consumed in moderate amounts. The cardioprotective effect of red wine in particular is thought to be due to the action of flavonoid monomers (catechin and epicatechin) on the inhibition of the oxidation of low density lipoproteins (LDL) a process that is considered as one of the initial phases in the development of coronary artery disease. We determined by HPLC with UV detection the concentrations of catechin, epicatechin and various phenolic acids in red and white wines of different vintages from various regions of the Azores and mainland Portugal. The combined concentration of catechin and epicatechin in white wines are in general less than 30 mg/l. For red wines, the levels vary from 49.9 mg/l for a varietal wine from the Palmela region of Portugal to 328.8 mg/l for a varietal wine of the Pico region of the Azores. Based on these results, it may be estimated that for a moderate daily consumption of 160 ml of wine, the daily flavanoid intake is on average 1.8 mg for white wines and 23.7 mg for red wines.
Detection of Root (Wilt) Disease of Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) based on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
Authors: Chaturvedi V. K. , Rajeev G. , Nampoothiri C. K.
Published: June 2016

Root (wilt) disease (RWD), caused by phytoplasma, is a major problem causing decreased coconut productivity in southern districts of Kerala and its bordering districts of Tamil Nadu in India.  The disease is non-curable but its incidence can be reduced by propagating seedlings from nuts of disease free palms. The disease free palms are selected by ELISA test which uses antiserum obtained from rabbits against  purified phytoplasma extract containing 29, 28 and 18.5 K Da proteins.   With an objective of developing a simpler  and easier biochemical test than ELISA for RWD detection in coconut , direct SDS PAGE profiles of  soluble proteins from crude leaf extracts of healthy and diseased palms of West Coast Tall (susceptible) ,  Chowghat Green Dwarf and Malayan Green Dwarf (high degree resistant) cultivars were evaluated for differences in intensities of  protein bands with molecular masses corresponding closest to the purified phytoplasma extract proteins. It was found that the 31.2, 37.3, 16.9 and 13.8 KDa bands in WCT cultivar, 31 and 40.6 KDa in CGD cultivar and 29.9 and 37.1 KDa bands in the MGD cultivar showed consistent differences in intensities and/or presence or absence of certain bands between healthy and diseased palms.  Correlations and path analysis relationship between intensity of different protein bands and ELISA value also showed significant association of one or two of these marker bands with ELISA values in each cultivar.  The SDS PAGE profiles of crude leaf extracts could be used to effectively distinguish healthy and diseased RWD palms in these three cultivars.
Impact of Working Capital Management on Firm’s Profitability & Liquidity: An Empirical Study of TATA Motors Pvt. Ltd.
Authors: Sharma Priyank
Published: June 2016

Working capital is the funds required for the day to day working of any organization. So it should be managed in effective way to ensure profitability, solvency and survival of the company. Every organization has to manage its working capital in such a way that it does not result in blockage of funds and is able to cater the needs of the organization. In this paper I have tried to show the impact of the mismanagement of working capital on profitability and liquidity of the firm. For this purpose I have taken Tata Motors Pvt. Ltd for the s
Success of Self Help Group – Bank Linkage Program in India under Financial Inclusion
Authors: Singh Ritu
Published: June 2016

The ‘social banking’ policies being followed by the country resulted in widening the geographical spread and functional reach of commercial banks in rural areas in the period that followed the nationalization of banks. This paper is concluded with a view that SHG – Bank Linkage program is a success in our country India and helping many people to make their life better.
Study on Factors Affecting Buying Decision of Customers and Impact of CRM in Real Estate Sector with special reference to Indore City
Authors: Gupta Ratish C
Published: June 2016

In India, real estate is the second largest employer after agriculture and is stated to grow at 30 per cent over the next decade. Reacting to an increasingly updated customer base and bearing in mind the aspect of globalisation, Indian real estate developers will have to shift gears and accept fresh challenges. This research report has been carried out so as to assess the impact of customer relationship management on customer retention with reference to real estate sector. Various research studies have been reviewed so as to assess the present state of CRM adoption within the real estate sector and then recommendations have been put forth. Thus, this research report is a comprehensive briefing with respect to how can real estate organizations benefit from CRM and how can adoption of CRM be augmented in this sector for the benefit of organizations as well as consumers.
Achieving Business Excellence by Managing Men at Workplace
Authors: Badruddin Aisha
Published: June 2016

For achieving excellence it is important for organizations to value their people. Valuing, the people in workforce means pledging to their development, engagement, satisfaction, and well-being. It is necessary for organizations to link the corporate strategy with HR strategy for living their core values. Implementing best HR practices incorporates offering more flexible, high-performance work practices that are compatible with diverse workforce and their personal needs. Organizations can excel with talented and skilled workforce and by creating a good relationship with them. The purpose of the paper is to provide an understanding to the managers for developing such HR practices that can be helpful in sustainable development. Secondary objective is to analyze organization’s success by creating value for people in the organization. Effective management of people in the organization is utmost important for achieving excellence. By implementing best practices in managing men the organizations can achieve sustainable excellence. The research is theorized and based on secondary data; it could have been more valid if based on primary data. This paper focuses on the value of workforce in the organization. It can help managers and other professionals for implementing such HR practices which can help organization in achieving business excellence. The paper includes practical examples of organizations following different HR strategies and also includes literature review about business excellence models and practices, which can contribute in HRM research.
Examining Determinants of Employee’s Job Satisfaction: A Demographic Analysis
Authors: Kaushal Dr. S. K. , Kaur Gurvinder , Kumar Rakesh
Published: June 2016

Employee diversity is a vital organization resource. The challenge faced by organizational leaders is to ‘replace the cookie-cutter approach to dealing with human differences. Effect of changing demographics in the workplace on level of job satisfaction, productivity and performance are the dimensions examined in this research study. The satisfaction or dissatisfaction of employee is caused by many factors such as – salary, work-environment, co-worker’s support, promotion policy, potential of career growth etc. The present study takes into account these factors to determine employee’s behavior so as to test job satisfaction on various demographic variables such as, gender, age, education, marital status and experience etc. Data for present study was collected using a structured questionnaire from 261 employees working in MSME (Micro, Small & Medium Size Enterprise) sector in western U.P. Results show the impact of demographic variables on some of the determinants of job satisfaction. Managerial implications of study are discussed in the paper.
Construction of adsorptive nanorods from polyoxometalates and ionic liquid and their adsorption properties for silver ion from AMD
Authors: Zhang Huixin , Zhang Jie , Cui Manli , Jin Xiu-hong , Han Xu , Wang Youchen
Published: June 2016

A new structure of hybrid nanorods adsorbent ([n-BBIM]9PW9O34) was synthesized by a simple molecular assembly of polyoxometalates with ionic liquids (ILs). The nanocomposite was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray and X-ray diffractometer. Adsorption of silver from acid mine drainage (AMD) was studied using batch experiments. The impact of several parameters, like ion concentration, pH, adsorbent dosage, and temperature was elucidated and optimization was carried out by single-factor experiment and response surface methodology. Analysis of variance of the quadratic model suggested that experimental data were excellently fitted to the quadratic model. Optimum conditions for removal of Ag+ from AMD were determined to be an initial concentration 143 mg/L, adsorbent dosage 2.69 g/L, temperature 35 °C to achieve the maximum adsorption of Ag+ 99.03%, which was very close to the predicted value (100%). The adsorption was confirmed as oxidation-reduction mechanism following a complexation process, and has been verified according to results from FT-IR and UV-vis spectra. The selective experiment suggested that the nanorods adsorbent could adsorb silver ions in AMD well. Based on the adsorption/desorption study result, the adsorbent can be efficiently recovered.
Exploring Northwest China's agricultural water-saving strategy: analysis of water use efficiency based on an SE-DEA model conducted in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province
Authors: Mu L. , Fang L. , Wang H. , Chen L. , Yang Y. , Qu X. J. , Wang C. Y. , Yuan Y. , Wang S. B. , Wang Y. N.
Published: June 2016

Worldwide, water scarcity threatens delivery of water to urban centers. Increasing water use efficiency (WUE) is often recommended to reduce water demand, especially in water-scarce areas. In this paper, agricultural water use efficiency (AWUE) is examined using the super-efficient data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach in Xi'an in Northwest China at a temporal and spatial level. The grey systems analysis technique was then adopted to identify the factors that influenced the efficiency differentials under the shortage of water resources. From the perspective of temporal scales, the AWUE increased year by year during 2004–2012, and the highest (2.05) was obtained in 2009. Additionally, the AWUE was the best in the urban area at the spatial scale. Moreover, the key influencing factors of the AWUE are the financial situations and agricultural water-saving technology. Finally, we identified several knowledge gaps and proposed water-saving strategies for increasing AWUE and reducing its water demand by: (1) improving irrigation practices (timing and amounts) based on compatible water-saving techniques; (2) maximizing regional WUE by managing water resources and allocation at regional scales as well as enhancing coordination among Chinese water governance institutes.
Treatment of textile industry effluents using orange waste: a proposal to reduce color and chemical oxygen demand
Authors: de Farias Silva Carlos Eduardo , da Silva Gonçalves Andreza Heloiza , de Souza Abud Ana Karla
Published: June 2016

Various agricultural residues have been tested as biosorbents due to their low cost, high surface area, and favorable surface chemistry. In this work, a sweet orange albedo was tested as a biosorbent for treatment of real textile effluents. The orange albedo powder was prepared by drying the residue at 50 °C and milling to 30 mesh, and then used for dye adsorption from a alkaline (pH = 10.71) effluent. The adsorption process was studied in batch experiments at 30 °C by measuring color removal and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The color removal was found not to be significantly altered when the effluent was used in its raw state, while COD increased probably due to albedo degradation. For the effluent diluted to 60% (Veffluent VH2O−1), color and COD removal percentages of approximately 89% were obtained. It was found that pH played a very significant role on the adsorption process, as the treated albedo displayed a relative pHPZC* of 4.61, and the highest dye removal efficiencies were reached at pH lower than 2. The COD was strongly influenced by the effluent dilution. The effectiveness in eliminating color and COD shows that orange albedo can be potentially used as a biosorbent to treat textile wastewater.
Convection-Enhanced Delivery for Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma Treatment
Authors: Zhou Zhiping , Singh Ranjodh , Souweidane Mark M.
Published: June 2016

Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) is a technique designed to deliver
drugs directly into the brain or tumors. Its ability to bypass the blood-brain barrier
(BBB), one of the major hurdles in delivering drugs to the brain, has made it a
promising drug delivery method for the treatment of primary brain tumors. A number
of clinical trials utilizing CED of various therapeutic agents have been conducted to
treat patients with supratentorial high-grade gliomas. Significant responses have been
observed in certain patients in all of these trials. However, the insufficient ability to
monitor drug distribution and pharmacokinetics hampers CED from achieving its
potentials on a larger scale. Brainstem CED for diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma
(DIPG) treatment is appealing because this tumor is compact and has no definitive
treatment. The safety of brainstem CED has been established in small and large animals, and recently in
early stage clinical trials. There are a few current clinical trials of brainstem CED in treating DIPG patients
using targeted macromolecules such as antibodies and immunotoxins. Future advances for CED in DIPG
treatment will come from several directions including: choosing the right agents for infusion; developing
better agents and regimen for DIPG infusion; improving instruments and technique for easier and accurate
surgical targeting and for allowing multisession or prolonged infusion to implement optimal time sequence;
and better understanding and control of drug distribution, clearance and time sequence. CED-based
therapies for DIPG will continue to evolve with new understanding of the technique and the disease.
Prevalence of Traumatic Dental Injuries in Patients Attending University of Alberta Emergency Clinic
Authors: Alkhadra Thamer , Preshing William , El-Bialy Tarek
Published: June 2016

Objectives:

This study evaluated the prevalence of dental trauma for patients attending the emergency dental clinic at the University of Alberta Hospital between 2006-2009. Patients’ examination and treatment charts were reviewed.

Methods:

Total number of patients’ charts was 1893.The prevalence of different types of trauma was 6.4 % of the total cases (117 patients). Trauma cases were identified according to Ellis classification and as modified by Hollandet al.,1988.

Results:

Logistic statistical model showed that 21.7% were Ellis class I trauma, 16.7% were Ellis class II trauma, and 6.7% were Ellis class III. In addition, 11.7 % presented with avulsion, 7.5 % presented with dentoalveolar fracture and 7.5% presented with sublaxation. Also, 17.55 % presented with tooth displacement within the alveolar bone, 3.3 % presented with crown fracture with no pulp involvement, 4.16 % presented with crown fracture with pulp involvement and 3.3 % presented with root fracture. In conclusion, the general prevalence of dentoalveolar trauma in patients attending the emergency clinic at the University of Alberta is less than other reported percentages in Canada or other countries.
Lifestyle Factors that can Induce an Independent and Persistent Low-Grade Systemic Inflammatory Response: A Wholistic Approach
Authors: Vrousgos George
Published: June 2016

Subclinical inflammation was first shown in numerous chronic medical illnesses and in the early 1900s, activation of immune-inflammatory pathways was initially observed in a lifestyle-related disorder such as depression. A chronic mild inflammatory state is also a key feature of obesity as well as insulin resistance and other metabolic diseases. This particular form of immune process has given rise to the concept of “metaflammation” (metabolically triggered inflammation) because it can target vital organs and tissues that are critical for the regulation of metabolism, and ultimately disrupt systemic homoeostasis with detrimental health effects. However, accumulating evidence demonstrates a link between metaflammation and a number of lifestyle factors. Lifestyle variables such as ultra-endurance exercise, physical inactivity, extremes of sleep duration, cigarette smoking, burnout, anxiety, and depression can activate multiple immune-inflammatory pathways. Therefore, this review of the literature that bears hallmarks of a systematic review investigates and presents published research data of these lifestyle factors that can induce an independent and persistent low-grade systemic inflammatory response, within the human body, evaluated through the measurement of various biomarkers.
One-Pot, Green and Efficient Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,2-α]Quinoxalines in Water
Authors: Piltan Mohammad
Published: June 2016

A variety of pyrrolo[1,2-α]quinoxaline derivatives were synthesised via the reaction of 1,2-diamines with dibenzoylacetylene and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates in the presence of ethyl bromopyruvate in water. This novel, eco-friendly approach offers an easy, efficient, and mild synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-α]quinoxaline derivatives in good yields.
The Behaviour of Bis(Diphenylphosphino)Alkanes towards Different Active Centres
Authors: Ewies Ewies F. , El-Sayed Naglaa F. , Boulos Leila S.
Published: June 2016

The reactions of bis(diphenylphosphino)alkanes with benzophenone, bis(piperidinocarbonyl)diazene, isatin, and quinoxaline1,4-di- N-oxide have been studied and the products characterised by elemental analysis and spectroscopic measurements.
An Efficient Approach towards the Synthesis, Crystal Structures, DFT and Cytotoxic Activity of Highly Congested 11-Aryl-10,12-Dihydrodiindino[1,2-b‘,2′,1′-e]Pyridine
Authors: Asiri Abdullah M. , Faidallah Hassan M. , Al-Youbi Abdulrahman O. , Arshad Muhammed Nadeem , Osman Osman I. , Zayed Mohie E. M.
Published: June 2016

An efficient and novel method for the synthesis of a series of 11-aryl-10,12-dihydrodiindino[1,2- b‘,2′,1′- e]pyridine via one-pot multi-component reactions of aldehydes, indan-1-one and ammonium acetate has been delineated. All prepared compounds were structurally elucidated by IR, UV-Vis, 1H and 13C NMR and X-ray diffraction techniques. The molecules adopted monoclinic crystal system with P21/ c space group and almost similar unit cell dimensions. The X-ray molecular geometries of the studied compounds were in excellent agreement with those computed by B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. The energies of the frontier orbitals calculated by B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory enabled monitoring the reactivity and stability of the title molecules. The non-linear optical properties (NLO) and pNA were also computed and discussed. Compounds have shown broad spectrum cytotoxic activity against some human tumour cell lines; two of them rendering the most profound effect.
Characterisation of Nanostructured SnO2 Thin Films Synthesised by Magnetron Sputtering and Application in a Carbon Monoxide Gas Sensor
Authors: Abrinaei Fahimeh , Hosseinnejad Mohammad Taghi , Shirazi Marzieh , Shahgoli Farhad
Published: June 2016

Tin oxide (SnO2) thin films were deposited onto glass substrates using DC magnetron sputtering system as a CO gas sensor. The dependence of the deposition time on structural, morphological and CO gas sensing properties of SnO2 thin films were investigated. The synthesised SnO2 thin films were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and surface profiler. Also the CO gas sensing properties of SnO2-deposited thin films were performed against a wide range of concentration of CO gas. XRD analysis demonstrated that the degree of crystallinity of the deposited SnO2 thin films strongly depended on the deposition time. Also, SEM and AFM analyses revealed that the size of nanoparticles/agglomerates, and both average and rms surface roughness were enhance with increasing the deposition time. Gas sensors based on these SnO2 nanolayers showed an acceptable response to CO at various concentrations. Also it has been demonstrated that SnO2 sensors are highly suitable for sensing CO gas at comparatively lower operating temperatures.
Organo-Catalytic Synthesis of 1,3-Thiazole Derivatives
Authors: Khalaj Arash , Khalaj Mehdi
Published: June 2016

An efficient synthesis of 1,3-thiazolidine derivatives has been achieved in which 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde oxime was employed as a base catalyst to effect cyclisation between aziridines and CS2 in DMF at 40 °C. A similar reaction between aziridines and thiocyanates yielded 1,3-thiazoline-2-imine derivatives
Du concept de la νεότης dans les mentalités grecques de l’ époque archaïque et classique
Authors: Serghidou Anastasia D.
Published: June 2016

Résumé Dans cette étude nous reprenons le concept de la transition chronologique de l’âge pour avancer des interrogations sur la pensée relative à la dynamique du changement lié au temps de l’être. Nous nous interrogeons sur la dimension ontologique et les complexités conceptuelles qui définissent les chronicités humaines. Nous examinons quelques concepts comme ceux de “quantification” qui nous invitent à réfléchir sur la temporalisation de l’existence humaine et les contextes qui la déterminent. Nous insistons sur la question de barrières réelles et imaginaires qui séparent les âges et scellent leurs alternances au delà du temps biologique.
Peut-on parler de démocratie radicale à Athènes ?
Authors: Brun Patrice , Lafargue Philippe
Published: June 2016

Résumé La notion de « démocratie radicale », dont on peine à trouver, en grec ancien, l’équivalent, a souvent été comprise comme une déviance d’un régime idéal, pour l’essentiel contemporain de l’époque de Périclès. Pourtant, l’étude serrée des sources littéraires et l’apport des sciences sociales permettent des conclusions bien plus nuancées. Il semble bien que la « démocratie radicale », subversive ou révolutionnaire, assortie de débordements populaires appliquée à l’Athènes classique, soit davantage une projection à la fois idéologique et anachronique, marquée par la crainte du déclin, qu’une réalité.
La construcción de un eje antiateniense en el Mediterráneo a finales del siglo v a.C.: Hermócrates, Lisandro y Darío II
Authors: Gómez Castro Daniel
Published: June 2016

Résumé Cet article, qui souhaite traiter des relations internationales dans le monde grec à la fin du v e  siècle avant J.-C., s’intéresse particulièrement au à démonter comment le projet politique développé par une faction spartiate a agit comme déclencheur de la crise des relations internationales au sein du monde grec. L’histoire de ce projet permet de comprendre les événements du début du iv e  siècle. L’accent sera mis sur la campagne militaire de Cyrus le Jeune, la guerre perso-spartiate et la guerre de Corinthe.
L’ équipement de Junon à Lanuvium est quadrifonctionnel
Authors: Meulder Marcel A. J.
Published: June 2016

L’équipement de la statue de Junon à Lanuvium reflète les quatre fonctions indo-européennes : ses escarpins la troisième, celle de la sexualité féconde, sa lance et son bouclier la deuxième, celle de la guerre, son vêtement la première, celle de la souveraineté. Mais ce vêtement consiste en une peau de chèvre et la déesse est coiffée de cornes de chèvre. La chèvre, comme l’indiquent entre autres les Nones Caprotines et Junon Caprotine, représente la quatrième fonction, celle qui recouvre tout ce qui est marginal à l’ordre, à l’harmonie et à la continuité (la mort, l’exclusion sociale, le désordre, l’inconnu) et le passage vers les autres fonctions. Ceci explique pourquoi de nombreux présages sont liés à la Junon de Lanuvium, la chèvre possédant également un pouvoir de médium. La peau et les cornes de chèvre que porte la Junon de Lanuvium marquent l’intégration de cette quatrième fonction aux autres.
Città siciliane “privilegiate” in epoca repubblicana
Authors: Soraci Cristina
Published: June 2016

Résumé À l’époque de Cicéron, seules huit cités de Sicile jouissaient de statuts privilégiés ; cette étude vise à rechercher les motivations (parmi lesquelles l’importance stratégique des sites, la fidélité à la cause romaine, les liens de parenté avec l’ Urbs , les mérites propres à ses cités et la force de persuasion de leurs ambassadeurs) qui incitèrent les Romains à favoriser les habitants d’une ville plutôt que d’une autre.