bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optical properties of digital inks on straw-containing papers with TiO2-based coating upon ageing
Authors:   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Plazonić Ivana , Radić Seleš Valentina ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Bates Irena ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Rudolf Maja ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Petric Maretić Katja ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Majnarić Igor ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia
Published: November 2022

Compared to papers derived from virgin fibres, recycled papers possess somewhat limited optical, strength and printing properties. Strength properties are usually increased by blending recycled fibres with virgin fibres in pulp for paper production, while optical and printing properties are often improved by coating after the paper is being manufactured. In this study, the usability of virgin fibres derived from straw as the agricultural residue of wheat, barley and triticale crops for paper production was evaluated based on the stability of prints on laboratory-made paper. For that purpose, in laboratory conditions, the papers with the addition of straw pulp in the pulp of recycled fibres were formed and prior to printing they were coated with TiO2-based coating. Process inks, in full-tone, were applied on coated straw-containing papers by digital printing process. Optical properties of digital prints upon accelerated ageing were evaluated based on Euclidean colour difference calculated from spectrophotometric values measured on black and magenta prints before and after 48 h and 96 h of ageing. The obtained results were compared with those provided by printing substrates made only from recycled fibres with and without TiO2-based coating. It was observed that TiO2-based coating has no influence on the stability of black digital prints, while each layer of TiO2-based coating reduces deviations in magenta colour upon ageing.
Influence of the difference electric charge energy transfer ink to paper in digital printing
Authors:   Rajamangala University of Technology Krungthep, Faculty of Science and Technology, Division of Printing Technology, Rajamangala, Phunudom Patipak , Pakdee Udomdej ,   Rajamangala University of Technology Krungthep, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Division of Physics, Rajamangala, Roiphromma Prapaporn ,   Rajamangala University of Technology Krungthep, Faculty of Science and Technology, Division of Printing Technology, Rajamangala
Published: November 2022

By integrating light and static electricity to form a passive electrostatic image on an image unit covered with a light conducting substance, the electrophotography principle is applied to digital printing and employ powder ink with a charge or toner on both the recording unit's image and non-image areas. Static electricity also causes the image to transfer to the printed material. The quality of the image that is conveyed and received depends on the electric charge energy. This study's objectives were to examine how the electric charge energy difference in a digital press image impacts the color value. By changing the electric charge's five levels to -10, -5, 0, +5, and +10, evaluate the color difference value, and selected each of electric charge energy value to improve color quality of digital printing.
Investigation of the colour reproduction quality of inkjet digital printing machines
Authors:   University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Pulp, Paper and Printing Arts, Sofia, Bulgaria, Yordanov Simeon , Spiridonov Iskren ,   University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Pulp, Paper and Printing Arts, Sofia, Bulgaria, Boeva Rumyana ,   University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Pulp, Paper and Printing Arts, Sofia, Bulgaria
Published: November 2022

Industrial digital inkjet printing machines are increasingly entering commercial printing, label, packaging, etc. The quality of printing and the speed of inkjet printing machines are constantly increasing, but in a number of industries such as packaging, labels, etc. there are increased requirements for colour reproduction quality, which requires additional and in-depth research. The main purpose of this article is to study the different quality indicators of the most widely used digital inkjet systems. For the purposes of the experiment were used from the most commonly used in practice materials such as – regular matte and glossy coated paper, uncoated white paper, Jetcoat paper, photo paper - gloss, self-adhesive film - gloss, etc. with standard colour profiles FOGRA 39 and FOGRA 51 and offset uncoated paper with standard colour profiles FOGRA 29 and FOGRA 52. Several test forms with a large number of test charts and various control elements are printed on the aforementioned digital printing presses on different media. Colour gamut (2D and 3D), colour volumes, colour differences, etc. were studied. ICC profiles for the specific printing systems and materials have been generated and 2D visualization and comparison of the colour gamut of the studied media at different values of L and 3D visualization and comparison of the colour gamut of the studied media with standard ICC profile FOGRA.
Near field communication (NFC) technology in the packaging industry
Authors:   Kaunas University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Kaunas, Lithuania, Gegeckienė Laura , Venytė Ingrida ,   Kaunas University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Kaunas, Lithuania, Karpavičė Justina ,   Aarhus University, Department of Business Development and Technology, Aarhus BSS, Herning, Denmark, Tambo Torben ,   Aarhus University, Department of Business Development and Technology, Aarhus BSS, Herning, Denmark, Vaitasius Kęstutis ,   Kaunas University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Kaunas, Lithuania, Pauliukaitis Darius ,   Kaunas University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Kaunas, Lithuania
Published: November 2022

Packaging that supports NFC technology is generally designed to be reusable, thus by reducing the environmental impact of packaging, consumers and businesses are presented with more opportunities to be more sustainable. The important thing here is that a company can be creative and add information about a product or company without a significant financial investment. For example, if a customer is interested in a product on the shelf, they can be granted information about the origin of the product or links to provide some feedback on social networks. Furthermore, sales can be promoted by offering the customer a discount, coupon, or added value to the buyer. NFC technology can offer many benefits when used with packaging, ranging from interactivity to product security validation. NFC labels have unique identifiers that can be embedded in packaging to make consumers more interactive, secure, and more efficient in tracking, allowing packaging companies to offer better customer service and product safety. The aim of this work is to perform a comprehensive literature review of the application possibilities of NFC technology and develop a methodology for the application of NFC technology to promote product sales efficiency.
Exploring odor associations based on packaging visual elements
Authors:   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Kovačević Dorotea , Kupres Dajana , Šepat Fran , Brozović Maja ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia
Published: November 2022

Previous studies have shown that packaging design can influence people’s expectations regarding product attributes. This study explored the role of packaging visual design in presenting a nonvisual attribute (i.e. odor) by investigating consumers’ responses to various graphic designs displayed on perfume packaging. Particularly, the aim was to examine how different visual elements (such as patterns, photographs and illustrations) influence product choices, preferences and odor associations. 136 people participated in the study, with approximately equal numbers of males and females. They were presented with 10 packaging samples. The samples were of the same shape and size but with different visual elements. The results of the experiment confirmed that participants associated highly recognizable objects with their specific odors. For example, a lemon pattern was paired with a fresh smell, and an image of a rose was paired with a floral smell. On the other hand, when packaging presented odor-neutral objects, the participants’ responses were not uniform. The design which was associated with the largest range of smells was the one with a photograph of a human body, which was paired with three different perfume types (namely, floral, woody and oriental). When data were split by gender, the results suggested that men had a preference for regular and sharp visual shapes. Another relevant finding is that perception of perfume packaging can be influenced by age. Young participants mostly preferred abstract visual shapes for perfume presentations. The results of the choice task indicated that young participants were more sensitive to variations in design than mature participants. Furthermore, they associated most of the packaging designs with more than one type of smell. The findings can be useful for successful perfume packaging design, especially when young consumers are the main target audience.
Solutions of sustainable packaging in footwear and apparel industry
Authors:   University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textiles, Graphic Arts and Design, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Vrabič Brodnjak Urška , Jestratijević Iva ,   University of North Texas, Collage of Merchandising, Hospitality and Tourism, Denton, Texas, USA
Published: November 2022

Footwear and apparel industry creates large amounts of waste, which cause environmental concerns through all value chain. Therefore, the aim of our research, as systematic review, was to identify, summarize, and evaluate existing sustainable packaging solutions in the apparel and footwear industry. The study followed the principles of a systematic review,research methodology, using a website search; Phyton programming language libraries were used to develop a web scraper. A sample included apparel and footwear brands that operate internationally around the World. The qualitative analysis method of thematic content clustering was then used to identify, summarize, and evaluate the results. The results have shown that less than half of the brands announced their long-term commitment to switching to sustainable packaging. Less, 84 brand have certificates for all or certain types of their packaging. There are 60 brands that offer reusable packaging services through collaboration with packaging providers. Only 52 of 400 brands have invested in eco-friendly packaging solutions and 32 joined to Responsible Packaging Movement and Ellen McArthur foundation. We found out that most of the brands with the sustainable statements and packaging solutions are from Europe (54.50 %). Others are from North America (28.25 %), Australia (10.10 %) and Asia (3 %). As expected, the clothing categories with the most sustainable packaging solutions are clothing for women and men, less footwear and accessories. The results of our study suggest that sustainable packaging is highly dependent on the social and environmental impacts, as well as the business and supply chain circumstances associated with each product packaging system. Apparel and footwear brands are generally committed to finding better packaging solutions for their products, although innovation in this area is still reluctantly shared.
Consumers' socio-demographics influence between purchase intention and actual behavior of environmentally friendly grocery packaging
Authors:   University of North Texas, Faculty of College of Merchandising, Hospitality, & Tourism, Texas, USA, Oliver Mikah , Vrabič-Brodnjak Urška ,   University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Jestratijevic Iva ,   University of North Texas, Faculty of College of Merchandising, Hospitality, & Tourism, Texas, USA
Published: November 2022

Grocery aisles in the United States provide the shocking realization that plastic packaging dominates the grocery industry. This realization raises the question of whether consumers are purchasing food that is not wrapped in plastic but in environmentally friendly packaging. For some consumers, finding food products wrapped in environmentally friendly packaging is not easy as it is not widely available in many United States grocery stores. This study adapted the Theory of Planned Behavior to investigate the relationship between purchase intention and purchasing behavior toward environmentally-friendly grocery packaging. This quantitative study collected 487 usable responses targeting a population of US consumers over 18 years old who purchase groceries. This study uncovered novel findings. This study supplied a fresh perspective on socio-demographics' role in environmentally friendly consumption, confirming that predominantly younger, unmarried consumers are likelier to act upon their intentions by purchasing environmentally friendly grocery packaging. The hope is that these findings provide marketers with fresh insights into the characteristics of consumers willing to purchase environmentally friendly grocery packaging. Results can also give government agencies and brands a clearer perspective on ways to increase consumers' knowledge of environmentally friendly packaging consumption.
Paragraph development in scientific and technical writing
Authors:   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Fundamental Disciplines in Technical Sciences, Novi Sad, Serbia, Šafranj Jelisaveta , Bogdanović Vesna ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Fundamental Disciplines in Technical Sciences, Novi Sad, Serbia, Bulatović Vesna ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Fundamental Disciplines in Technical Sciences, Novi Sad, Serbia
Published: November 2022

A paragraph is a grouping of sentences, a way of carving them up into connected sets so as to reduce the diversity of their thoughts to manageable proportions. Normally readers will expect a paragraph to have a single focus and one role since it is defined as a group of sentences developing a single idea, concept, thought, and topic. Overlong paragraphs, with too many sentences in them, have numerous drawbacks. The text becomes under organized and difficult to follow. However, paragraphs should not be too short. If paragraphs are reduced to just one or two sentences, then they cease to have this organizing rationale and become heteronymous cogs, turning as the argument progresses but not doing any useful work. For English-speaking readers, short paragraphs in technical writing will also make the text look disconnected, fragmented, and uncertain. A paragraph's pattern is important in making an argument look coherent and well organized because it is a unit of thought. In general, a paragraph should make one point, or one component part of a single broader point. Where a paragraph handles miscellaneous unconnected points, as it is sometimes necessary to round out an argument, this role should be explicitly signaled to readers because they will not expect it. The relationship between the ideas in an EST (English for Science and Technology) paragraph and between the items of information and the core generalization is expressed by several techniques. Sometimes the nature of the material the writer has available determines the applied technique, but at other times, the writer makes his own decisions as to the best way of presenting the relationships between his ideas. In the first case, we are dealing with natural techniques, and in the second, with logical techniques, and they are not mutually exclusive.
Calculation of cutting force by book-edge trimming with disk knives
Authors:   Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Mechanics and Printing, Poland, Petriaszwili Georgij , Komarov Serhii ,   Ukrainian Academy of Printing, Lviv, Ukraine, Janicki Piotr ,   Drukarnia Wydawnicza im. W.L. Anczyca S.A., Kraków, Poland, Bulas Jakub ,   Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Mechanics and Printing, Poland
Published: November 2022

The paper proposes formulas for theoretical calculation of forces when trimming book-edges with a disc knife. The theoretical model is based on experimental data obtained by the authors. The authors calculated the approximation parameters from own experimental studies. The kinematic parameters of the cutting process and the approximated value of the unit cutting force were used in the calculation formulas. Calculation makes it possible to predict value of total cutting force depending on diameter and sharpening angle of knife, value and direction of its angular speed, feed rate, thickness and distance of book block from axis of knife rotation.
The effects of flatbed creasing tool on printed paperboard
Authors:   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Bota Josip , Pibernik Jesenka ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Kovačević Dorotea ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Brozović Maja ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia
Published: November 2022

Flatbed cutters are in increased demand and usage due to their developments in tool speed and size of the cutting area. The creasing tool on flatbed cutters are mostly creasing wheels as opposed to flat knives in die cutters. The wheel creases the paperboard in a way that can damage the top layer causing breaking in the printed surface visible after folding and sometimes even before. The end result can decrease the attractiveness of packaging and other creased paperboard products. This paper investigates the results of flatbed creasing of different types of printed paperboard and suggests possible solutions to the problem. Examined paperboards differed in grammage, grade, and thickness, and they were creased with different depth levels. The results indicated that some types of paperboard are not suitable for packaging even if they are adequate grammage. Furthermore, controlling the creasing depths can reduce ruptures of the top layer and improve final folding quality.
Preliminary report on properties and interaction of layers in “board-biodegradable primer-printing ink” screen-printed system
Authors:   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Tomašegović Tamara , Mahović Poljaček Sanja ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Hudika Tomislav ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Marče Andrea ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia
Published: November 2022

Surface phenomena in printing are extremely important for understanding and optimizing the interaction of materials involved in the process of graphic reproduction. In order to protect absorbent printing substrates from moisture penetration, to strengthen mechanical properties or to ensure better adhesion of the printing ink to the substrate, the substrates are often coated with protective coatings (primers) before printing. The adhesion parameters between the coating and the printing ink then become extremely important for assessing the durability, but also the quality of the print. In this research, biodegradable primers (polycaprolactone and polylactic acid) were applied on a board substrate with the primary aim of reducing the permeability to water vapour in combination with printed ink layers. Two types of water-based screen printing inks were printed on the primed substrates: ink prepared using the transparent base, and the ink prepared using the opaque white base. Two meshes with different screen count were used (32 l/cm and 60 l/cm). The research focused on the possibility of reducing the water vapour transmission rate using the inks and biodegradable primers, and at the same time analysing the interaction of biodegradable primers and printing inks by determining the surface and interfacial properties in the "printing substrate-primer-printing ink" system. The results of the research have contributed to the optimization of the screen-print quality on the primed absorbent and porous substrates.
Investigation of recycling performance of different types of paper printed with UV inks
Authors:   Marmara University, Faculty of Applied Science, Istanbul, Turkey, Tutak Dogan , Ilmi Irem ,   Marmara University, Faculty of Applied Science, Istanbul, Turkey
Published: November 2022

Waste paper is an important raw material for the paper industry and pulp due to its low cost and sustainability. However, the majority of waste paper contains high volumes of printed paper, which is difficult to deink and limits their application. One of them is printed papers using UV ink. In the study; Papers of different surface structures were printed with LED-UV curable inks. Printed papers were recycled using the INGEDE method 11p. CIEL*a*b* values of the resulting paper sheets were measured; and then compared with those of the base paper. The handsheets obtained via recycling process were viewed with a microscope and the particle sizes were shown. It has been determined that it is very difficult to remove the polymerized UV cured inks from the pulp.
Contribution of flexographic printing process to ground-level ozone concentrations
Authors:   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Adamović Savka , Mihailović Aleksandra ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Fundamentals Sciences, Novi Sad, Serbia, Adamović Dragan ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Environmental Engineering and Occupational Safety and Health, Novi Sad, Serbia
Published: November 2022

The concentration levels of ground-level ozone in the flexographic printing plant were determined in two campaigns during five working days. The first campaign was conducted in the middle, and the second at the end of the eight-hour working time. In the second campaign, the mean ozone values per day (3.81, 3.60, 4.25, 4.71, and 3.18 μg/m3) were almost two times higher than in the first. Still, they were 32 to 47 times lower than the emission limit value prescribed by the Regulation of the Republic of Serbia.
Machine learning as a support tool in wastewater treatment systems – a short review
Authors:   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Environmental Engineering and Occupational Safety and Health, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 6, 21 000 Novi Sad, Serbia, Radović Sanja , Pap Sabolc ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Environmental Engineering and Occupational Safety and Health, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 6, 21 000 Novi Sad, Serbia,   Environmental Research Institute, UHI North Highland, University of the Highlands and Islands, Thurso, Scotland, KW14 7JD, UK, Turk Sekulić Maja ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Environmental Engineering and Occupational Safety and Health, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 6, 21 000 Novi Sad, Serbia
Published: November 2022

Machine learning (ML) is a subset of artificial intelligence (AI). It is based on teaching computers how to learn from data and how to improve with experience. This valuable technique has been increasingly supporting different spheres of life. This includes ML application in enhancement and optimisation of many ecological and environmental engineering solutions, such as wastewater treatment systems (WWTS). Complexity of processes triggers challenges in ensuring good effluent quality by adequate response to dynamic process conditions. That is why techniques such as ML which, after being trained, have strong prediction ability, have been applied in WWTS. ML facilitates understanding of correlation between input features and output targets through a data-driven approach. Different ML models have been used for this purpose. Some of the commonly used were artificial neural network (ANN) or deep neural network (DNN) model, support vector machine (SVM) and its variation support vector regression (SVR) model, random forest (RF) model and many others. More often authors apply a few different models in order to obtain the one that most appropriately works for specific problem. In wastewater management those problems are various, and could include modelling of WWT processes, prediction of certain technology performance, optimisation of technology working parameters, optimisation of the production of the materials there are being used in WWT technology etc. For instance, there are several articles which describes ML power in optimisation of material synthesis (e.g., biochar production). Application of ML led to reduction in number of runs which were necessary for obtaining the best results by applied production procedure, which saved time and was also cost-beneficial. Indeed, ML incorporation in solving or avoiding potential problems within WWTS is a promising approach which has gained more attention in recent years due to the exponential technology development and progress in artificial intelligence application.
Development of new UV LED curable inkjet varnishes
Authors:   University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Graphic Arts and Photophysics, Pardubice, Czech Republic, Jašúrek Bohumil , Vališ Jan ,   University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Graphic Arts and Photophysics, Pardubice, Czech Republic, Syrový Tomáš ,   University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Graphic Arts and Photophysics, Pardubice, Czech Republic
Published: November 2022

We have prepared three UV curable varnishes for inkjet printing that can be cured by UV LEDs (365–395 nm). The advantages of UV LEDs compared to medium pressure mercury lamps (conventional source of UV radiation) are lower energy consumption, possibility of immediate switching on/off, no IR radiation, no ozone generation and are mercury free. UV LEDs cannot effectively (or at all) cure formulations designed for mercury lamp curing. Developed UV varnishes enable the creation of special varnish effects on printed substrates (including 3D) thanks to partial curing with UV LEDs. Evaluated properties of prepared varnishes were viscosity, surface tension, reactivity, long-term stability and printability. The printing properties of prepared UV curable varnishes were tested on commercially available inkjet printing machine (Spotmatic 36, KOMFI). The cured varnish layers (thickness 20 and 40 μm) were evaluated in terms of mechanical properties (adhesion, elasticity) and optical properties (yellowness). Namely, the study of mechanical properties included the evaluation of adhesion by Tape test, quality of the varnish layer with respect to cutting and grooving, and elasticity/adhesion of grooved varnish layers after folding (180 °). Results showed that prepared UV LED curable varnishes have very good elasticity and adhesion to various printing substrates and enables further trouble-free mechanical processing of varnished products, such as cutting, grooving or bending.
Developing a new Engineering Technologist career pathway from First-Year Engineering
Authors: Dick Brian
Published: November 2022

Successfully completing an engineering degree often requires at least four or five years of intense study by students, and many of these students start their programs with a limited sense of what an engineer is or does.  During their journey, some students gravitate towards a blend of practical application and theoretical knowledge of engineering principles; some, for diverse reasons, may be unable to invest the time required for an engineering degree. For these students, an engineering technologist career, which focuses on application and implementation, may be more appropriate.

Leveraging the common first-year engineering curriculum recently launched in British Columbia, Vancouver Island University has developed and implemented a new, generalist, Integrated Engineering Technologist diploma (ITED) that combines civil, mechanical, and electrical principles, and provides a career pathway for those students who start engineering studies but choose not to continue with the degree.  

This paper will focus on the development of this new diploma, while a subsequent paper will evaluate its implementation.

The three development phases of the IETD were:1. Identifying key program graduate attributes,2. Developing the program structure and delivery modes, and,3. Creating the detailed course content.  

Within the first phase, an inventory of desired skills was obtained through broadly distributed surveys, direct engagement with industry, professional, and government groups, and evaluation of future needs within the technologist profession.  This paper will outline the methods used to collect this data, and the process by which this data was developed into a thematic collection of higher order skills and attributes.  Through this iterative consultation process, a technologist credential with a broad, non-specialized disciplinary focus was found to best meet the identified skills gap and need.  

The second phase consisted of a study of engineering, technologist, and technician programs to evaluate best practice.  

This paper discusses the cohort model that was ultimately chosen, and the highly modular approach used by the instructor team. Each four-week module consists of up to five courses run in parallel, where individual learning topics are treated collectively and strategically sequenced to best facilitate learning.  A summative assessment evaluates learning at the end of each module.

In the final phase, which is on-going, specific course content is being developed, including lab-based and field activities, classroom-based learning, and project work.  Examples of this work and their motivation are provided.
“Accreditation VS COVID”: The Canadian Engineering Accreditation Board’s transition to virtual accreditation visits in 2020/2021
Authors: Guest Elise , Barrington Suzelle , Benedicenti Luigi , Gosine Ray , Laroche Anne-Marie , Warken Mya
Published: November 2022

“Accreditation VS COVID.” This was the subject line of an email that a representative from a CEAB-accredited program sent to the CEAB Secretariat in Spring 2020. The COVID-19 global pandemic created multiple shifts in how engineering programs operated, which necessitated a reimagining of how CEAB accreditation (operating in the same novel environment) could survive and thrive. This work provides an overview of the CEAB’s efforts between March 2020 and June 2021 as theory, plans and implementation activities came together to transition the CEAB accreditation system to a completely virtual modality for the 2021/2022 visit cycle; it speaks briefly to identified best practices and lessons learned. Administrators and faculty of baccalaureate engineering programs will find this work to be of interest for the insight it provides into the CEAB’s processes. Moreover, accreditors of other disciplines and members of the general higher education community may find value in the work as part of a larger discussion of best practices for virtual quality assurance evaluations. This work presents the results of an environmental scan and literature review that was undertaken in 2020 (and updated in 2021) and includes reflections on the transition process from members of the CEAB Task Force on Virtual Visits and the CEAB Secretariat. The work this reflection piece will present has enabled the CEAB to offer ongoing accreditation reviews for Canadian baccalaureate engineering programs regardless of disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Canadian Engineering Grand Challenges in co-curricular and online environment: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Ibrahim Nadine , Donald John R. , Moresoli Christine
Published: November 2022

Engineering Deans Canada (EDC) recently articulated Grand Challenges that recognize the role of engineers and the specific needs of Canadians in the form of Canadian Engineering Grand Challenges (CEGCs). The CEGCs offer a unique framework to motivate and engage engineering students from different disciplines and encourage collaboration and the sharing of their discipline expertise. The CEGCs also offer a framework for engineering students to develop leadership skills and gain awareness of their technological, innovation and stewardship roles. In this paper, we report on a student-led approach in the online environment for the creation of two workshops and one “Leadathon” case competition  related to the CEGCs and leadership skills development.  The activities were developed and delivered by a team of engineering students with the support of faculty members. We refer to this student-led model as “for-students-by-students’. Feedback collected from student facilitators and participants indicate that the resulting activities were effective in engaging students and raising awareness of the CEGCs and of their role to address societal problems as future engineers. We present the methodology that was adopted to leverage and take advantage of the online environment, while addressing differences in participant interactions and engagement from the perspective of opportunities and challenges.  Finally we discuss potential avenues to integrate into the mainstream curriculum for-student-by-student model related to the interaction with  CEGCs.
Analyzing the Employability Skills of Engineering Graduates using AHP Techniques - A Case Study of Kerala State in India.
Authors: Suresh E.S.M. , B.R. Beena
Published: November 2022

In the present era, only competent graduates can survive in the global economy. The Washington accord suggested twelve graduate attributes essential for competent engineering graduates. Various accreditation agencies measure the competency of engineering graduates in terms of these graduate attributes. This paper presented the perception of academicians’ and industry professionals’ regarding the most important skill needed for a competent engineering graduates. Also, the paper discussed how far the present undergraduate engineering curriculum prepares the engineering graduates to be industry ready. Identification of the most important skill needed for engineering graduate is done by employing one of the multi criteria decision method called Analytical hierarchy process (AHP). AHP incorporates several criteria and order of preference in evaluating and selecting the best option among many alternatives based on the desired outcome. The responses from academicians as well as industry professionals from Civil Engineering stream in Kerala, India were collected. The criteria weights were determined based on the procedure given by Saaty. The consistency index values reinforced the reliability of judgment. The study showcased that problem solving skill and teamwork are the most important skill needed for an engineering graduate from academicians’ viewpoint. According to industry professionals, engineering knowledge is more important than problem solving skills. Also, in the present study academicians and industry professionals unanimously suggested the revision of curriculum, internships for students, the collaboration between academicians and industry professionals both in academia and industry, exposure of students to real world problems are some of the means to develop competency in Civil Engineering graduates.
Ordinary students, extraordinary results: What factors affect student participation in experiential opportunities in Competitive Teams?
Authors: Hassan Elizabeth , Kowal Sloane , Jamieson Katherine
Published: November 2022

McMaster University has recently made major investments in competitive engineering teams. Student participants in the teams benefit from technical skill development, career relevant experiences, and leadership opportunities. However, the number of students involved in these activities is currently limited, and we would like to serve more students with these programs. The objective of this work is to better understand the factors associated with participation or non-participation in the competitive teams.
The research team studied both competitive team participators and non-participators through quantitative and qualitative methods (mixed-methods). The first (qualitative) stage of the study was an online 15-question survey. Students who fully completed the survey had the option to participate in focus groups.
Overall, the students’ responses were more similar than they were different. The differences between the groups were: Hours per week on extracurricular, Do not currently have enough time, Existing extracurriculars of interest, Do not have time due to religious or cultural activities, Prefer to work alone, and Feel welcome in engineering.
The small number of significant differences between groups is an encouraging finding, because it means that the barriers to broader participation in the teams may be small. If the students who currently participate are similar to the non-participants, similar excellent learning outcomes may be possible. The quantitative findings were examined for insights to establish best practices for encouraging broad participation.
Preparation of liposomes with phospholipids and study of their photo-interaction with a fluorophore-containing compound
Authors: Redkin R. G. , Orlovetska N. F. , Dankevych O. S.
Published: November 2022

Aim. To substantiate the optimal technology for obtaining two types of bio-related liposomes based on the composition of dipalmitoyl-L-α phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) or palmitoyl-sphingomyelin-N-hesadecanoyl-D erythrosphingosylphosphorylcholine (C16-SM) with cholesterol and study their interaction with a fluorophore-containing compound.
Materials and methods. To prepare liposomal vesicles based on phospholipids – DPPC, C16-SM and cholesterol (1:1) the method of reverse-phase evaporation on a rotary vacuum evaporator Bϋchi-210 was used. Ultrasonic homogenization was performed using a Jeken (Codyson) PS-08A sonicator. A fluorescent compound R-203 (5’-isopropyl-3’- ((4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl) -carbamoyl) -2-oxospiro-[indoline-3,2’-pyrrolidine] -4’-carbon) with a 7-amino-coumarin (7-AMC) fluorophore was obtained by the synthesis previously described. Liposome particle size determination was measured using laser diffraction on a LA-960 Laser Particle Size Analyzer (Horiba Scientific). The measuring range of the device is 0.01 μm to 5000 μm; guaranteed accuracy is ± 0.6 %. Fluorescence spectra were recorded in the emission range of 365… 650 nm on a FluoroMax®-4 spectrofluorometer (Horiba Scientific) at an excitation wavelength of 350 nm. R-203 fluorescence spectra (λem = 412 nm) were measured in a 500 μl cuvette.
Results and discussion. Target liposomes were obtained based on the composition of DPPC or C16-SM phospholipids with cholesterol in the ratio of phospholipids and cholesterol 1:1. The optimal size of liposomes of about 100 nm was achieved for the composition of C16-SM: cholesterol (1:1). The calculated packaging parameter (γ) allowed us to conclude that in the case of DPPC and C16-SM phospholipids, the parameter γ < 1, i.e. the molecules of these lipids had a cone shape and were packed in phase I type where the molecules could form spherical (vesicles) and / or cylindrical micelles. However, the C16-SM phospholipid has a larger polar area of the molecule (a0), in contrast to the DPPC molecule. Fluorescence spectra of R-203 interaction with DPPC : cholesterol and C16-SM : cholesterol (1:1) liposomes in phosphate-buffered saline pH 7.4 were studied. In the interaction of the fluorescent substance R-203, quenching of the fluorescence intensity was observed according to the Stern–Volmer equation; it was more intense for C16-SM: cholesterol liposomes than in the case of DPPC: cholesterol liposomes.
Conclusions. The optimal technology for obtaining two types of bio-related liposomes based on the composition of DPPC or C16-SM with cholesterol (1: 1) has been proposed using the method of reverse phase evaporation with ultrasound treatment; the control parameters of their technology have been determined. Liposomes based on C16-SM interact more intensively with the 7-AMK fluorophore of the compound R-203 in the buffer.
Biopharmaceutical and microbiological research of fennel fruit infusions
Authors: Fylypyuk O. M. , Vyshnevska L. I.
Published: November 2022

Aim. To develop and study physico-chemical, pharmaco-technological, pharmacognostic and microbiological quality indicators of infusions obtained by extraction of the plant raw material of fennel fruits of different degrees of grinding and from different types of packaging.
Materials and methods. The study objects were model samples of fennel fruits of different degrees of grinding and water extracts obtained on their basis and from different types of packaging. Water extracts were prepared according to the SPhU method and the patient information leaflet on fennel fruits. The study of pH of solutions, extractives, identification of the main biologically active substances (BAS), and microbiological purity of water extracts were performed by the SPhU methods; the quantitative determination of the essential oil was conducted by direct alkalimetric titration with 0.01 mol/l NaOH solution in the presence of methylene blue and phenolphthalein indicators according to the Guidelines of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine.
Results and discussion. Extractives in model samples of infusions obtained from filter bags vary from 0.43 to 0.48 % without filter bags (samples 1, 3, 5, 7) – from 0.52 to 0.55 %, and its amount is the lowest in sample 9 – 0.37 %. However, the essential oil content is the highest in sample 9, these are whole fennel fruits from the pack (0.15 %); slightly higher indicators are in model samples without filter bags (samples 2, 4, 6, 8). The pH value is slightly higher in infusions obtained from filter bags than without them (in the range of 6.61-6.70 and 6.22-6.25, respectively). However, the infusion obtained from a nylon pyramid bag (sample 7) had a pH value close to infusions obtained from the fennel medicinal raw material without packaging (6.25). The presence of infusions of anethole and terpenoids in model samples has been proven by thin layer chromatography. The microbiological studies conducted have shown that the use of the method of making water extracts from the patient information leaflet allows obtaining conditionally sterile infusions.
 Conclusions. The indicators studied (transparency, color, odor, taste, extractives, identification and quantitative determination of BAS) can be used in the analysis of water extracts from the medicinal plant raw material produced in filter bags.
Modern approaches to teaching the academic discipline of students’ choice “Fundamentals of quantitative calculations in pharmacy”
Authors: Golik M. Yu. , Levitin Ye. Ya. , Kryskiv O. S. , Koval A. O. , Antonenko O. V. , Kovalska O. V.
Published: November 2022

Aim. To show the relevance of teaching the academic discipline of students’ choice “Fundamentals of Quantitative Calculations in Pharmacy” at the National University of Pharmacy.

Materials and methods. Analytical, systematic, logical teaching methods, as well as scientific publications of Ukrainian and foreign authors were used.

Results. The relevance of teaching the academic discipline of students’ choice “Fundamentals of Quantitative Calculations in Pharmacy” at the Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, NUPh (Kharkiv) is considered. The structure of the educational process is presented, and the peculiarities of teaching the discipline have been analyzed. The relevance of knowledge of basic algorithms of chemical calculations underlying the practical tasks of a modern pharmacist and the formation of a complex of knowledge, skills and abilities on theoretical foundations and practical application of stoichiometric laws in chemistry to solve practical calculation problems is shown.

Conclusions. The interest of higher education students in the selective discipline and high results of modular knowledge tests have proven good mastery of the basic algorithms of chemical calculations, which are the basis of the special practical tasks of a modern pharmacist and a future scientist. As a result of studying the academic discipline, students learn to solve typical and complicated specialized tasks, critically comprehend the results obtained, solve practical problems of professional pharmaceutical and/or research and innovation activities using the provisions, theories and methods of fundamental, chemical, technological, biomedical and socio-economic sciences; integrate knowledge and solve applied problems, formulate judgments with insufficient or limited information; clearly and unambiguously communicate the own knowledge, conclusions and their validity to the audience.
Pengaruh Durasi Waktu Pendaftaran terhadap Kepuasan Pasien antara Pendaftaran Online dan Offline
Authors: Prasetya Jaka , Anjani Sylvia , Agiwahyuanto Faik
Published: November 2022

Waktu tunggu yang lama mempengaruhi efisiensi apotek dan menimbulkan ketidakpuasan pasien. Sistem antrian di Puskesmas yang tidak maksimal dapat menyebabkan kinerja Puskesmas tidak efektif. Bagi setiap Puskesmas merupakan tantangan untuk mengurangi waktu tunggu pasien, memberikan pelayanan yang tepat waktu dan meningkatkan kepuasan pasien. Waktu tunggu yang lama merupakan keluhan terpenting dalam survei kepuasan pasien. Tujuan artikel ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh durasi waktu pendaftaran terhadap kepuasan pasien antara pendaftaran online Puskesmas Tanpa Antrian (PUSTAKA) dan pendaftaran offline di Puskesmas Semarang. Desain penelitian ini adalah penelitian korelasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasinya adalah 150 pasien yang mendaftar secara online dan offline Puskesmas Semarang rata-rata pada bulan Desember 2019. Sampel sebanyak 109 pasien. Prosedur analisis data uji durasi waktu menggunakan uji beda (t sampel mandiri) sedangkan analisis pengaruh durasi waktu pendaftaran terhadap kepuasan pasien antara pendaftaran online Puskesmas Tanpa Antrian (PUSTAKA) dan pendaftaran offline di Puskesmas Semarang menggunakan regresi linier berganda. Ada pengaruh durasi waktu terhadap kepuasan pasien