bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penerapan Metode Saving Matrix Dan Algoritma Nearest Neighbor Dalam Menentukan Rute Distribusi Untuk Meminimalkan Biaya Transportasi Pada PT. XYZ
Authors: Arfana Perdana Viva , Fatimah Hunusalela Zeny , Teja Prasasty Aliffia
Published: April 2021

PT. XYZ is a business entity engaged in the production of mineral water. In the distribution process, the company still has an obstacle that is an unstructured shipping scheme that causes waste of transportation costs in some areas.Â  This problem is caused by limited vehicle facilities so that the distance traveled for delivery of goods is longer. This study uses Saving Matrix method and nearest neighbor algorithm calculation of the phenomenon, this research was conducted to analyze distribution costs to be more efficient. neighbor. The result of this study is the company's distribution cost data of Rp. 18,940,924/month after done the cost of distribution into and with saving matrix method and Nearest Neighbor algorithm so save 16% which is Rp. 16.302.392 / month from the initial cost proposed from the company.PT. XYZ meruapakan sebuah badan usaha yang bergerak di bidang produksi air mineral. Di dalam proses distribusinya, perusahaan ini masih memiliki sebuah kendala yaitu skema pengiriman yang tidak terstruktur yang menyebabkan pemborosan biaya transportasi di beberapa daerah. Â Permasalahan ini di sebabkan oleh fasilitas kendaraan yang terbatas sehingga jarak yang ditempuh untuk pengiriman barang semakin panjang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Saving Matrix dan perhitungan algoritma Nearest Neighbor Dari fenomena tersebut, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melakukan analisa biaya distribusi agar lebih efrisien. neighbor. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah data biaya distribusi perusahaan sebesar Rp. 18.940.924/bulan setelahÂ dilakukan biaya distribusinya menjadi serta dengan metode Saving Matrix dan algoritma Nearest Neighbor jadi lebih menghemat 16% yaitu sebesar Rp. 16.302.392 / bulan dari biaya awal yang diusulkan dari perusahaan.
Puisi Sufistik Jalaludin Rumi Tentang Makna Kematian (Analisis Psikoanalisis Jacques Lacan Pada Makna Kematian)
Authors: Zahid A
Published: April 2021

The Sufistic poem Jalaludin Rumi signals the living creature that death is a real entity. However, death is illustrated as a pleasant experience for believers, a last resort to the creator. Death is not frightening, but "death" is a symbolic message of desire in the next life by improving our attitudes and behavior. While in the poetry of Rumi the discourse of "Death" has a double dimension: in psychoanalysis the dimension of self (self) which performs self-identification becomes a passive-narcissistic desire, and in ethical-social discourse becomes a social self (collective subject), but the latter never happens because the real never identifies: free subjects never materialize. In the real world, the subject's desires are not satisfied. The meaning of death is always symbolized in the form of "burial" so that humans are defined if death is something scary.
Upaya Pembentukan Akhlak Melalui Kegiatan Pramuka di Madrasah Aliyah Sunan Gunung Jati Gurah
Authors: Adam Muhammad Nur
Published: April 2021

Nilai-nilai akhlak dalam kegiatan pramuka di MA Sunan Gunung Jati termaktub dalam Kode Etik Gerakan Pramuka yaitu Dasa Darma. Didalamnya memuat akhlak seseorang terhadap Allah (hablum minallah) dan akhlak seseorang dengan sesama manusia dan alam (hablum minannas). Implementasi nilai-nilai akhlak melalui kegiatan pramuka di MA Sunan Gunung Jati adalah dengan menerapkan dasa darma pramuka. Dari implementasi tersebut dapat terbentuk akhlak religious, cinta lingkungan, peduli sesama, keberanian, disiplin, tanggung jawab, ketaatan,Â  dan demokratis. Faktor pendukung upaya pembentukan akhlak melalui kegiatan pramuka di MA Sunan Gunung Jati adalah lingkungan, dukungan dari orang tua, peran Pembina, kemandirian siswa, serta dukungan dari sekolahan. Adapun faktor penghambatnya adalah kurangnya durasi kegiatan, keterbatasan porsi Pembina, ketidakajegan siswa mengikuti latihan, sarana dan prasarana.
Implementasi Zuhud Dalam Kehidupan Santri Pondok Pesantren Putri Tebuireng, Desa Cukir, Kecamatan Diwek, Kabupaten Jombang
Authors: Naylurrohmah Siti
Published: April 2021

Penanaman Nilai-Nilai ZuhudÂ  dalam Kehidupan Santri Pondok Pesantren Putri Tebuireng terlihat melaui pengajian akbar (ngaji kubro) kitab Minhajul AbidinÂ  yang di selenggarakan oleh Pembina Pondok Pesantren Putri Tebuireng, selain itu juga tertananamkan melalui 5 prinsip dasar tebuireng yang di ajarkan oleh Hadratus Syekh KH. M. Hasyim Asyari. Disisi lain, pendidikan atau pengarahan dari orang tua pun menjadi penting ketika santri hidup di lingkungan pesantren, hal ini secara tidak langsung tertanam dalam diri seorang santri sikap zuhud dalam kehidupan sehari-harinya, namun pembelajaran atau arahan untuk hidup sederhana. Dan tentunya nilai zuhud tersebut tumbuh dalam diri masing-masing santri atau kesadaran masing-masing santri. Seperti halnya pemahaman zuhud bukan meninggalkan dunia secara penuh, namun memanfaatkan, mengambil dunia seperlunya untuk kepentingan akhirat, dan lebih yakin dengan apa yang digenggaman Allah lebih Agung daripada apa yang ada digenggaman manusia. Implementasi Zuhud dalam Kehidupan Santri Pondok Pesantren Putri Tebuireng terlihat dari 5 prinsip dasar Pesantren Tebuireng yakni ikhlas, jujur, kerja keras, tanggung jawab, dan toleransi. Kelima prinsip dasar Pesantren tebeuireng sekaligus indikator disetiap nilai prinsip tersebut, dapat membentuk perilaku zuhud santri dan menerapkan zuhud dalam kehidupan sehari-harinya.
MARKETING MIX SEBAGAI STRATEGI MENINGKATKAN JUMLAH NASABAH PADA PERBANKAN SYARI’AH
Authors: Samsuri Ali
Published: April 2021

Every company must do the marketing process. This process is what makes consumers / customers interested to use products or services that are launched. so it needs a special strategy in running this process. Marketing strategy is commonly used is marketing mix, which aims to increase the number of customers, the obstacles encountered include, the modification of the price is not maximized, the product design is less good, less than optimal campaign, distribution channels are not on target, can run smoothly and continue must also be coupled with justice and honesty so that any marketing strategy run by the company will create a justice and goodness In addition to the marketing mix (Marketing Mix) in increasing the number of customers Marketing information system is also in need by the management of Sharia Banking Because the device this is usually intended to process data into information to customers and society. In addition, as a consideration of the Board of Directors to make decisions relating to marketing
 
AbstrakSetiap perusahaan pasti melakukan proses marketing. Proses inilah yang menjadikan konsumen/nasabah tertarik untuk menggunakan produk atau jasa yang diluncurkan. sehingga Perlu adanya strategi khusus dalam menjalankan proses ini. Strategi Pemasaran yang biasa digunakan adalah marketing mix, yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan jumlah nasabahnya, kendala yang dihadapi diantaranya, modifikasi harga yang belum maksimal, desain produk yang kurang bagus,promosi yang kurang maksimal, saluran distribusi yang tidak tepat sasaran,selain itu agar strategi pemasaran bisa berjalan dengan lancar dan continue harus juga dibarengi dengan keadilan dan kejujuran sehingga strategi pemasaran apapun yang dijalankan oleh perusahaan akan tercipta suatu keadilan dan kebaikan Selain bauran pemasaran (Marketing Mix) dalam meningkatkan jumlah nasabah Sistem informasi pemasaran juga di butuhkan oleh manajemen Perbankan Syariah Karena perangkat ini biasa ditujukan untuk mengolah data menjadi informasi kepada nasabah dan masyarakat. Selain itu juga sebagai bahan pertimbangan Direksi untuk membuat keputusan yang berkaitan dengan pemasaran.Kata Kunci : Marketing Mix, Strategi, Nasabah, Perbankan Syariah
The United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE): Maintaining the Integrity of the Examination Process
Authors: Johnson David A.
Published: April 2021

Maintaining the integrity of the USMLE is critical to the state medical boards that rely upon the exam as an integral part of their assessment of physician candidates for licensure. The USMLE program defines irregular behavior as “any action...that subverts or attempts to subvert the examination process.” Program staff routinely monitor compliance with registration and testing protocols. Suspected cases of irregular behavior are referred to a committee for final determination. A finding of irregular behavior carries significant potential implications for the examinee. The USMLE transcript is the primary means for alerting staff at state medical boards to confirmed instances of irregular behavior. The transcript is routinely accompanied by a determination letter summarizing the case and committee’s finding of irregular behavior.
PERANCANGAN ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE MENGGUNAKAN ZACHMAN FRAMEWORK PADA PERUSAHAAN JEWELRY
Authors: Tannady Hendy , Ivgantius Titus Zefanya , Andreas Timothy Jason , Felix Felix
Published: April 2021

Jewelry Company merupakan perusahaan yang memproduksi perhiasan dengan memberikan kualitas yang terbaik kepada konsumennya. Dalam perkembangannya, jewelry Company memiliki sebuah pabrik yang memproduksi berbagai jenis perhiasan diantaranya emas, perak, ruby, permata, topaz dan sapphire. Namun, dalam perencanaan SI/TI di dalam perusahaan tersebut masih terbilang kurang memaksimalkan penggunaan SI/TI yang seharusnya diterapkan di dalam sebuah perusahaan. Oleh sebab itu, perusahaan ini memerlukan sebuah perencanaan yang lebih strategis untuk mendukung tujuan bisnis yang selaras dengan strategi bisnis dan strategi SI/TI. Enterprise Architecture Planning dipilih sebagai panduan dan Zachman Framework sebagai metode dalam perancangan yang terdiri dari enam baris yaitu scope, enterprise model, system model, technology constrained model, retailed representations, dan functioning enterprise, serta enam kolom yang terdiri dari what, how, where, who, when, dan why. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah sebuah usulan rancangan arsitektur yang disarankan kepada perusahaan diharapkan dapat mendukung penuh kegiatan bisnis yang berjalan agar lebih optimal dan efektif.
Persebaran Prasasti-Prasasti Berbahasa Malayu Kuna Di Pulau Jawa
Authors: Kartakusuma Richadiana
Published: April 2021

Dalam konteks kebudayaan, prasasti Malayu Kuna tidak berdiri sendiri, melainkan berada pada kondisi tertentu sesuai zamannya. Dengan kata lain prasasti mernpakan kesatuan struktural, mencakup kenyataan-kenyataan sosial-budaya dalam hubungan antar sesama. Meskipun tidak dipungkiri terhadap kemungkinan adanya unsur-unsur infrastruktur seperti tata pikir, nilai dan tata hidup sebagai unsur pokok yang mencirikan atau karakteristik budaya asalnya (Malayu Kuna).
Paregreg Dalam Sebuah Monumen
Authors: Tjahjono Baskoro Daru
Published: April 2021

Pada masa kerajaan-kerajaan Hindu masih berkuasa di Indonesia, pendirian sima sering dikaitkan dengan jasa yang telah diberikan oleh masyarakat sebuah desa terhadap rajanya. Untuk memperingati peristiwa itu kemudian didirikan sebuah bangunan suci, dan masyarakat desa yang bersangkutan diwajibkan untuk memeliharanya. Karena adanya beban untuk memelihara bangunan suci maka masyarakat desa tersebut dibebaskan dari kuwajiban membayar pajak kepada raja. Sebuah bangunan yang baru saja di temukan di Dukuh Centong, Desa Sawentar, Kecamatan Kanigoro, Kabupaten Blitar kemungkinan merupakan salah satu contoh sebuah bangunan yang merupakan monumen peringatan suatu peristiwa penting pada masa Majapahit. Walaupun bangunan itu tidak terlalu besar namun sangat menarik untuk diteliti, terutama jika dikaitkan dengan latar belakang sejarahnya serta bentuk arsitekturnya yang langka.
Tata Ruang Etnis Dan Profesi Dalam Kota Batavia (Abad XVII - XVIII)
Authors: Novita Aryandini , Mahmud M. Irfan
Published: April 2021

Pemukiman kelompok-kelompok etnis di Batavia ditentukan selain berhubungan lingkungan yang mendukung profesi, juga soal ras dan agama serta efektivitas dalarn mobilitas. Seperti kelompok-kelompok etnis yang berprofesi sebagai pedagang ditempatkan atau bermukim di dekat kawasan niaga. Kelompok-kelompok yang berprofesi sebagai pegawai administrasi ditempatkan di wilayah pusat kota yang merupakan kawasan pusat pemerintahan, sedangkan kelompok-kelompok yang berprofesi di bidang pertanian dan perkebunan serta kelompok-kelompok yang dianggap berpotensi untuk menimbulkan ancaman keamanan ditempatkan di wilayah pinggiran kota.
СВОЙСТВА ГОРОДСКИХ ПОЧВ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ГОРОДА ОДЕССЫ)
Authors: Тригуб Валентина , Домусчи Светлана
Published: April 2021

По результатам исследований выявлено, что антропогенный фактор является ведущим при формировании городских почв. Показано влияние промышленных предприятий и автомобильного транспорта на физико-химические свойства почв города Одессы. Охарактеризовано нали
ФАКТОРЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ИННОВАЦИОННЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ
Authors: Вереникина Александра
Published: April 2021

В современном мире инновации играют огромную роль. Без постоянного развития и внедрения новых технологий, разработок невозможно представить экономику страны, которая хочет занять лидирующее положение на международном рынке. Инновационные предприятия – осн
РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ КЛИНИЧЕСКОГО ОБСЛЕДОВАНИЯ БОЛЬНЫХ ПРИ ВОСПАЛИТЕЛЬНЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯХ ТКАНЕЙ ПАРОДОНТА
Authors: Лебидь Оксана , Дуда Екатерина
Published: April 2021

Метою даної роботи було за допомогою клінічних обстежень виявити причини виникнення захворювань тканин пародонта. Для досягнення поставленої мети були проведені клінічне (стоматологічне та пародонтологічне) обстеження. Згідно результатів проведених дослід
Effluent quality assessment of sewage treatment plant using principal component analysis and cluster analysis
Authors: AL-Kordy Saad Uffi , Khudair Dr. Basim Hussein
Published: April 2021

Sewage water is a mixture of water and solids added to water for various uses, so it needs to be treated to meet local or global standards for environmentally friendly waste production. The present study aimed to analyze the new Maaymyrh sewage treatment plant's quality parameters statistically at Hilla city. The plant is designed to serve 500,000 populations, and it is operating on a biological treatment method (Activated Sludge Process) with an average wastewater inflow of 107,000m3/day. Wastewater data were collected daily by the Mayoralty of Hilla from November 2019 to June 2020 from the influent and effluent in the (STP) new in Maaymyrh for five water quality standards, such as (BOD5), (COD), (TSS), (TP) and (TN). The results showed that the removal efficiency was 88%, 75%, 94%, 57%, and 77%, respectively. The results of the cluster analysis (CA) showed the formation of clusters in four stages and then gave the final shape consisting of two groups. At the same time, two influencing factors were extracted in the principal component analysis (PCA). The effluent's final quality (an average of eight consecutive months) complies with the stringent regulations proposed in the Iraqi Quality Requirements.
Behavior of Defective Cast in Place Piles
Authors: Al-Saidi A'amal A. , Al-Mosawe Mosa j. , Al-Shakarchi Yousef Al-Shakarchi
Published: April 2021

This paper deals with testing defected model piles in the soil in order to study their behavior. In this respect, the results of model pile tests are discussed either geotechnically or structurally according to the type of failure.

 

Two parameters were studied in order to evaluate the general behavior of defective piles. These parameters include the defect location and the defect type for floating and end bearing pile. The results of the experimental work indicated that the critical case for floating pile is seen to be when the defect of (5%) at the first third of the pile length at which the decrease in the bearing capacity is about (21%), while the decrease in the bearing capacity is found to be (14%) and (10%), when the defect is at the middle and the lower third of the pile length, respectively. The decrease in the bearing capacity for floating pile is found to be (31%) and (21%) for void and neck defect, respectively, while the decrease in the bearing capacity for end bearing pile is found to be (43%) and (52%) for void and neck defect, respectively.
Substantiation of the causes of soil degradation and desertification in Ukraine
Authors: Petrychenko V. F. , Lykhochvor V. V. , Korniychuk O. V.
Published: April 2021

Purpose. To substantiate the main causes of land degradation and desertification in Ukraine in conditions of intensification of agricultural production and climate change; to carry out a comparative assessment and calculations of their balance. Methods. Monitoring studies, system and statistical analysis and their synthesis. Results. The volumes of crop production in Ukraine are highlighted. Limiting factors in agricultural production have been identified: global climate change, declining nutrient content in soils and decrease in the level of their fertility. The volumes of nutrient removal by plant products are analyzed. It is established that both the content of nutrients in crop products and the removal of nutrients from the soil loses more than 2 million tons of active substance of the main elements: nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. On the basis of economic calculations it is proved that the volumes of mineral fertilizers are identical to the volumes of the removed nutrients with exported agricultural products: per 1 ha of sown area of the exported crops 116 kg of active substance, or N74P24K18, is removed with a crop yield. It is substantiated that the current level of exploitation of soil resources will lead to their degradation and reduction of natural fertility. Based on the analysis of agricultural production, it is argued that the question of the feasibility of increasing grain production in Ukraine to the level of 90 million tons is debatable due to the diversity of forms of management and different levels of resource provision in technology. After all, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the amount of about 56.5 billion UAH are annually exported from the country with agricultural products. Conclusions. With such a level of intensification of production and export of plant raw materials, compensation for the export of nutrients and prevention of soil degradation requires annual application against the background of N76P17K17 additional N74P24K18, which will amount to N150P41K35 per hectare of sown area. In addition to increasing the rates of mineral fertilizers, in order to preserve soil fertility it is necessary to apply organic fertilizers, introduce cultivation of perennial legumes and cover crops in crop rotation, use plant residues as fertilizers, lime soils etc.
Introduction into culture of the Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski
Authors: Buhayov V. V. , Buhayov V. D.
Published: April 2021

Purpose. To evaluate a promising selection sample of the Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski for its adaptability to the agro-climatic conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe and on its basis to create a highly productive multipurpose variety. Methods. System analysis, field, laboratory, comparative calculation. Results. It has been established that Psathyrostachys juncea acquires optimal hay ripeness in the end of the first–at the beginning of the second decade of May, which is 12-13 days earlier in comparison with awnless bromegrass and crested wheat grass. The forage productivity of the green mass of the Psathyrostachys juncea for two mowings ranged from 3.31 kg/m2 in 2018 to 4.90 kg/m2 in 2017 and on average over the years of research was at the level of 4.15 kg/m2, or 41.5 tons/ha, while the yield of dry matter averaged 1.40 kg/m2. It is proved that the forage productivity of the Psathyrostachys juncea for the three years of use primarily depended on meteorological conditions during crop formation. The content of nutrients during the years of research was: crude protein – 14.84, fat – 2.36, fiber – 21.89 and ash – 7.46%, which meets the requirements of highly nutritious feed, especially for beef cattle farming. Conclusions. Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski enters into the phase of mowing ripeness in conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe 12-13 days earlier in comparison with other studied perennial grasses. The dry matter yield averages 1.40 kg/m2 with a deviation over the years from 1.20 to 1.65 kg/m2. The value of forage productivity of this species is strongly influenced by meteorological conditions during crop formation. The content of nutrients over the years of the research was: crude protein –14.84, fat – 2.36, fiber – 21.89 and ash – 7.46%. According to the results of the research, the Askanijskyi cultivar of the Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski variety was submitted for the qualification examination in the system of the state variety testing (application №19658001 dated 21.10.2019).
Influence of growing technology of different intensification levels on soybean seed yield in short rotation cultivation
Authors: Panasyuk O. Ya. , Cholovskyi Y. M.
Published: April 2021

Purpose. To establish the influence of the soybean crops protection from diseases system on reduction the degree of damage and grain yield increase in conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe zone. Methods. Field, quantitative-weight, comparative-calculation, mathematical-statistical. Results. Dependence of the effectiveness of soybean protection systems against diseases (fusarium wilt, septoria, bacteriosis) and crop rotation is revealed. Application of the system of soybean protection against diseases grown in a 4-field crop rotation reduced the incidence of plant diseases by more than 2 times compared to the control, which significantly affected the level of soybean yield. In the areas of application of the soybean protection system against the most common diseases, which consists in pre-sowing seed treatment (Rhizoactive 2.0 kg/t + Maxim XL 035FS (1.0 l/t) in combination with spraying crops with Abacus fungicide (1.5 l/ha), provided an increase in seed yield from 1.89 to 2.16 t/ha (14.3%) and from 2.32 to 2.64 t/ha (13.8%) respectively depending on 2- and 4-field soybean-corn crop rotations cultivation. Even higher yields of soybean seeds were obtained from the effects of this protection system together with twice done fertilization of soybeans with Plantafol (2.0 kg/ha). As a result, the yield of soybean seeds increased on average over 5 years by 0.27-0.65 t/ha, or 13-28%, compared with the control, where soybeans were grown without fertilization, and only pre-sowing treatment of seeds with the introduction of fungicide was carried out. Conclusions. It was found that pre-sowing seed treatment (Rhizoactive + Maxim ХL 035 FS) in combination with Abacus fungicide and Plantafol fertilization helped to increase soybean seed yield from 1.89 t/ha on the control (without seed treatment in 2-field crop rotation) to 2.76 and 2.97 t/ha when using these drugs in three-field and four-field soybean-corn crop rotations or, respectively, by 46 and 57% more.
Ameliyat Kaynaklı Basınç Yaralanmalarını Önlemede Etkili Kanıt Temelli Girişimler
Authors: Kandemir Didem , Yüksel Serpil
Published: April 2021

Cerrahi girişim geçiren hastalar, basınç yaralanmaları açısından yüksek risk altındadır. Özellikle uzun süren cerrahi girişimler sırasında basıncın etkisiyle dokuda oluşan değişim, ameliyat sonrası 3-7. günlerde ciddi basınç yaralanmaları ile sonuçlanabilmektedir. Bu derlemede, ameliyat kaynaklı basınç yaralanmalarını önlemede etkili kanıt temelli girişimleri literatür ışığında tartışmak amaçlandı. Derlemede, elektronik veri tabanları taranarak elde edilen, 2006-2020 yılları arasında yayınlanmış, tam metnine ulaşılabilen, ameliyat kaynaklı basınç yaralanmaları ile ilgili çalışma ve rehberler incelendi. Ameliyat sırasında basınç yaralanması oluşma sıklığı %1.3-51 arasında değişmekte olup, tüm hastane kaynaklı basınç yaralanmalarının %45’ini oluşturmaktadır. Ameliyat kaynaklı basınç yaralanmalarını önlemede etkili kanıt temelli girişimler; risk değerlendirmesi, pozisyon verme, koruyucu örtü ve destek yüzey kullanımı başlıkları altında ele alınmıştır. Bu yaralanmaları önlemek amacıyla öncelikle uzun ameliyat süresi, hipotermi ve hipotansif ataklar gibi basınç yaralanması riskini artıran faktörler belirlenmelidir. Ameliyat masasında, basıncı dağıtan destek yüzeyler kullanılmalıdır. Ameliyat sırasında hastaya basınç yaralanması riskini azaltacak şekilde pozisyon verilmeli ve topuklar elevasyona alınmalıdır. Gerekirse, topuk süspansiyon cihazları kullanılmalıdır. Ameliyat sonrası dönemde mutlaka ameliyat sırasında verilen pozisyondan farklı bir pozisyon verilmelidir. Sonuç olarak, ameliyat kaynaklı basınç yaralanmalarını önlemede, bireysel ve cerrahi girişim ilişkili risk faktörlerinin dikkatle değerlendirilmesi ve önleme girişimlerinin bu faktörler ve kanıt temelli girişimler dikkate alınarak planlanması önemlidir.
Salgın Hastalıklardan Koruma ve Kontrol Önlemleri, COVID-19 Pandemisi ile Mücadele ve Yaşanan Güçlükler
Authors: Ünlü Hayriye , Çiçek Emine
Published: April 2021

Küreselleşmeyle birlikte, bir ülkede ortaya çıkan bulaşıcı hastalığın hızla başka bir ülkeye yayılma olasılığı artmaktadır. Bu küresel artış küresel bir dayanışmayı gerektirmektedir. Küresel salgınlar; mortalitede artışa sebep olmakla birlikte, sosyal ve siyasi yapıyı bozmakta, ekonomiyi olumsuz etkilemekte, olumsuz psikolojik etkilere yol açmakta ve sağlık sistemini derinden sarsmaktadır. Salgının erken tespit edilmesi ve müdahale önlemlerinin hızlı bir şekilde başlatılması, salgını kontrol etme imkanını arttırmaktadır.
Koruma ve kontrol önlemleri kapsamında salgının özelliğine göre alınacak tedbirler: İlgili sektörlerle iş birliğinin yapılması, risk oluşturan etkenlerin (kontamine su kaynaklarının kullanımının engellenmesi ve suyun klorlanması) uzaklaştırılması, hasta izolasyonu, temaslılara müdahale edilmesi, riskli grupların aşılanması, sağlık personelinin eğitimi ve halk sağlığı eğitimini kapsamaktadır. Günümüzde COVID-19 enfeksiyonu dünya çapında bir salgın olup halihazırda geliştirilmiş bir tedavi yöntemi veya aşısı bulunmamaktadır, bu nedenle bulaşmayı azaltmak için alınan önlemler ve kontrol stratejileri halk sağlığı önlemlerine dayanmaktadır. Topluma yavaş / geç bilgi verilmesi, korunmaya ilişkin önlemler hakkında bilgi ve farkındalık eksikliği, söylentileri durdurmak için önlem alınmaması, sağlık yetkililerine güvenin azalması, sağlık çalışanları arasında uygun enfeksiyon önleme ve kontrol önlemlerinin uygulanmaması ve kültürel farklılıklar COVID-19 ile mücadelede engelleri oluşturmaktadır.
Bu makalede salgınla mücadele stratejilerine ve günümüz salgını olan COVID-19’un kontrol yöntemlerine ve salgınlarla mücadeleyi etkileyen engellere değinilmiştir.
دلالات القوة والشموخ في بعض المنحوتات العراقية القديمة
Authors: احمد بشار جمعه د.
Published: April 2021

تركز هذه الدراسة حول موضوع دلالات القوة والشموخ في بعض المنحوتات العراقية القديمة محاولة لتسليط الضوء على نتاجات الفنان العراقي القديم حول ماهية تلك الأعمال وما تحمله من أبعاد لمشاهدها الفنيه كانت دلالات القوة والشموخ أحد تلك الرموز التي عبرت عنها تلك المنحوتات بصورة واضحه أو عن طريق ايحاءت ولمسات اضافها النحات العراقي القديم وفق رؤيته لموضوع معين انعكاساً كان لظاهره أو تسقيط حقيقة ما في عمله الفني. فالفن العراقي القديم أحتوى في طيات مشاهده الفنية على مجموعة من المواضيع كانت تعبيراً ذاتياً في بعض الأحيان لرؤية الفنان ومخيلته أو انعكاساً لصفات شخصية في المجتمع أو كانت تلبيةً لرغبات السلطتين الدينية والسياسية محاوله منهما للتعبير وتوظيف مواضيع تنقل تطلعاتها وأفكارها تفرض عن طريقها هيمنها في المجتمع عاكسةً ما تتمتع به من مكانة سامية مرموقه كانت دلالات القوة والشموخ أحدى تلك المواضيع التي تضمنتها المنحوتات الفنية.
خصوصية الاستعمال الأسلوبي عند امرئ القيس (الفاء) في معمولي (بين) أنموذجا
Authors: نصير خلف عباس القرشي م.د.
Published: April 2021

تناول هذا البحث واحدة من الظواهر الأسلوبية في شعر امرئ القيس، وكانت في استعمال حرف العطف (الفاء)، الذي يفيد الترتيب والتعقيب، للربط بين معمولي (بين)، وهي حالة خاصة، ومخالفة لرأي المشهور؛ لذلك ذهبنا تجاه قراءة دقيقة، وتوصلنا الى غاية امرئ القيس من وراء ذلك؛ فكان القصد منها أن يضع أدلة للمتلقي ترشده الى المكان الذي تأسست عليه مقدمة المعلقة الطللية، بطريقة ذكية تنقله من الأماكن العامة الى الخاصة حتى تنتهي به الى هدف الشاعر، وبذلك يكون الترتيب والتعقيب وسيلة لربط الموضع بالآخر بشكل مباشر، من دون فواصل زمنية.
السيد الرئيس والغرانيق
Authors: لقاء محمد بشير حسن ا.م. , هديل عادل كمال ا.م.
Published: April 2021

نقدم في هذا البحث تحليل لعملين أدبيين من منظور الحركات الطليعية ثبتت آثارها لدى بعض الكتاب العرب و أمريكا اللاتينية في فترة سنوات العشرينات والألفين.

 كانت الحياة الخاصة للكاتب ميغيل انخل استورياس تلهمه أنتاج أعمال أدبية، اذ شغل منصب دبلوماسي وحصل على جائزة نوبل غواتيمالاكا. ولد وتوفى في مدينة غواتيملاكا  

(1974- 1899)

  يوجد تحول واضح في عمله ذات الشهرة السيد الرئيس(1948) الذي يكسر المعتاد، لأجل مستقبل مكسو بالأفكار الجديدة.                                                                           

   استخدمت اللغة، والقواعد والجمل بشكل عنيف لنتائج تخدم المجتمع. ترجم هذا العمل لعدة لغات، واستخدم في السينما والمسرح وكل ذلك لفائدة اجتماعية.  تظهر الرواية العناصر السياسية، والاقتصادية، والاجتماعية، كما توجد قلة الرحمة واللاإنسانية واضحة من خلال أحداث الرواية، يحاول الكاتب توضيح ما كان يجري في تلك الفترة. اظهر استورياس الدكتاتور كشخصية غامضة في العمق لا تظهر ويشعر بتأثيرها السيء من كل جانب.                                                                       

   مازن عرفة، كاتب سوري الأصل، ولد سنة 1955، و حصل على شهادة الآداب في قسم اللغة الفرنسية من جامعة دمشق، وفيما بعد حصل على الدكتوراه في العلوم الإنسانية، قسم المكاتب، من جامعة ماريا كوري (لوبلين-بولونيا)، حاول من ألمانيا مركز أقامته، أعطاء القراء لمحة عن ما فعلت الدكتاتورية مع أبرياء سوريا الذين أعلنوا الانتفاضة الربيعية، من خلال أنتاجه وهو "الغرانيق" سنة 2017، وذلك للحصول على حقوقهم الشرعية في الحياة. تتكون الرواية من ثلاثة أجزاء: الدكتاتورية، تاريخ سوريه في زمن الانقلاب والانتفاضة. تم نشره في بيروت وحصل على صدى نقد بناء.                                                                             

الغرانيق، هي أنظمة عسكرية جعلت لنفسها أصنام تشبه آلهة، وهذا التشبيه حدث في كثير من البلدان العربية التي ثارت في انتفاضات الربيع. وكذلك في امريكا اللاتينية كما هو حال رواية السيد الرئيس ، الذي تظهر فيها أحداث الثورة ضد الاستبداد.
Love Triangle in August Strindberg’s ‘The Stronger’ and G.B. Shaw’s Candida
Authors: ثامر راشد الزبيدي د.
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Love triangle, or eternal triangle, has been the focus of many plays where the plot revolves around a three-sided affair in which the woman becomes a site of love competition between two males, the husband and the lover. The majority of those plays present the woman as the erring wife who chooses either to be with the lover or remorsefully remain with the husband. In this paper, we deal with another portrayal of love triangle in which the wife either defends her marriage or stands against the intruder. Such a portrayal is identified in August Strindberg’s ‘The Stronger’ and G.B. Shaw’s Candida. Yet, this does not suggest that the plot in both plays is identical. While the intruder in Strindberg’s play is a woman, it is a young poet in Shaw’s play. Moreover, whereas Shaw’s play ends with the intruder’s departure opening the space for the husband and wife to continue their marriage on a new basis of understanding, the conflict remains unresolved in Strindberg’s play. This paper argues that this contrastive portrayal of love triangle in both plays relies, to a great extent, on the playwright’s personal experience and also his notion of the woman and her role in the domestic and public spheres. 

Key words: love triangle, Strindberg, Shaw, ‘The Stronger’, Candida.

الملخص

لقد كان موضوع مثلث الحب أو المثلث الأبدي مركزيا في الكثير من المسرحيات التي تناولت الحبكة فيها علاقة ثلاثية تصبح المرأة فيها مسرحا لصراع الحب بين رجلين هما الزوج و العاشق. و في الأعم الأغلب من هذه المسرحيات أنها قد قدمت المرأة رمزا للزوجة الخطاءة التي تختار أما الرحيل مع العاشق أو البقاء نادمة مع زوجها. في هذا البحث نتعامل مع عرض جديد لموضوع مثلث الحب والذي تقوم الزوجة فيه أما بالدفاع عن زواجها أو الوقوف بوجه الشخص الدخيل. وهكذا نوع من العروض يمكن تشخيصها في مسرحيتي "الأقوى" لأوغست سترندبيرغ و كانديدا لبرناردشو. ان هذا التقارب في موضوع المسرحيتين لايعني بأن الحبكة فيهما متطابقة. فبينما يكون الشخص الدخيل امرأة في مسرحية سترندبيرغ، فأنه يصبح شاعرا يافعا في مسرحية برناردشو. بالاضافة لذلك، بينما تنتهي مسرحية برنادشو برحيل الدخيل فاسحا المجال للزوجين بأكمال زواجهم بفهم جديد للعلاقة بينهما، يبقى الصراع قائما في مسرحية سترندبيرغ. و تبين الورقة البحثية أن هذا التقديم المتناقض لموضوع مثلث الحب في كلا المسرحيتين يعتمد بدرجة كبيرة على تجربة الكاتب المسرحي نفسه و كذلك رأيه بالمرأة و دورها على المستويين المنزلي و العام.
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Authors: h.s hotmar david
Published: April 2021

SITASI PEREKONOMIAN INDONESIA
On the Indian Tradition of Mathematical Names: A Scientific Analysis
Authors: Karn Ashish , Rosiejka Brett , Badoni Pankaj , Singh Raman Kumar
Published: April 2021

The current paper explores the potential interlink between names of individuals in a society and its collective social consciousness, particularly with reference to the pervasive occurrence of the ‘mathematical names’ in the current Hindu society spanning the Indian subcontinent and beyond. Initially, an attempt is made to put things into mathematical perspective by drawing a quick sketch of some of the stellar achievements of the Indian mathematicians. Under the six broad categories of geometry, trigonometry, numeration, arithmetic, algebra, and mathematics in the Vedic tradition, a concise simple description of these subdivisions is presented, underlining selected mathematical concepts and terms, sometimes by producing the textual references. We hypothesize that such terms permeate as names in the current Hindu society, reflecting the impressions of the tremendously rich mathematical heritage left by the stalwart Hindu mathematicians. Accordingly, an attempt is made to juxtapose these terms with the names current in the Indian Hindu society. By employing an extensive dataset of university student names in India and the directories of Facebook and LinkedIn, we produce both qualitative and quantitative evidence of the presence of such names in the Indian subcontinent. Our hypothesis has also been examined by taking surveys of people bearing these mathematical names, as well as by documenting the ‘conscious procedures’ that go behind the naming of a Hindu Indian child. In trying to investigate if such a phenomenon is unique to the Indian tradition, a stark contrast with the ‘names in mathematics’ as prevalent in the post-renaissance Europe is presented, as cultural roots of mathematics are explored. Evidently, the large magnitude and the span of such names substantiates the presence of these names as the extant remains of the colossal impact of multifarious mathematical traditions existing in India. Interestingly, the present research also brings to the fore, certain unseen facets of the Indian Hindu society as regards the education of mathematics to women – through an indirect exploration of their names. We also show that the pervasive occurrence of these names is not merely the result of semantic chance events, but must denote the richness of the Indian mathematical legacy. By presenting some cross-cultural comparisons, we bring about the specific uniqueness of Indian mathematical and scientific traditions that led to the pervasiveness of ‘mathematical names’ in India vis-à-vis other cultures. Finally, an attempt is made to clarify some subtle points on the associations between mathematics and religion in India and other cultures of the world. It is sincerely hoped that the present study may shed light on the cultural roots of mathematics and may furnish a new dimension in the study of mathematics, culture, and civilizations across the world.
Helping Behavior among People Who Use Drugs: Altruism and Mutual Aid in a Harm Reduction Program
Authors: Bathje Geoff , Pillersdorf Daniel , Kacere Laura , Bigg Dan
Published: April 2021

People who use drugs, and particularly people experiencing addiction, are rarely afforded the opportunity to have their voices heard when it comes to drug treatment or drug policy or even when attempting to define themselves and their life experiences. Of course, there is much more to a person than one area of their behaviour. The current study seeks to capture and understand the lived experiences of people who use drugs, with a focus on their relationships and helping behaviour. We interviewed 32 participants in a harm reduction program seeking to provide understanding beyond stigmatizing and criminalizing drug narratives, by exploring their motivation and context for helping behav- iours. Grounded theory methodology was used to under- stand the patterns of helping behaviour, along with the contexts in which help is or is not given. We particularly focus on participants' distribution of syringes and carrying medicine to reverse overdose (naloxone). Participants shared stories of altruism and mutual aid, along with barriers and disincentives to helping others. We situate these behaviours within contrasting environments of a free harm reduction program and the competitive market system of the U.S. society. Implications for practice and public pol- icy are discussed.
Globally resolved surface temperatures since the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Osman Matthew , Tierney Jessica , Zhu Jiang , Tardif Robert , Hakim Gregory , King Jonathan , Poulsen Christopher
Published: April 2021

Climate changes across the last 24,000 years provide key insights into Earth system responses to external forcing. Climate model simulations and proxy data have independently allowed for study of this crucial interval; however, they have at times yielded disparate conclusions. Here, we leverage both types of information using paleoclimate data assimilation to produce the first observationally constrained, full-field reanalysis of surface temperature change spanning the Last Glacial Maximum to present. We demonstrate that temperature variability across the last 24 kyr was linked to two modes: radiative forcing from ice sheets and greenhouse gases; and a superposition of changes in thermohaline circulation and seasonal insolation. In contrast with previous proxy-based reconstructions our reanalysis results show that global mean temperatures warmed between the early and middle Holocene and were stable thereafter. When compared with recent temperature changes, our reanalysis indicates that both the rate and magnitude of modern observed warming are unprecedented relative to the changes of the last 24 kyr.
Generalizability, transferability, and the practice-to-practice gap
Authors: de Leeuw Joshua R , Motz Benjamin , Fyfe Emily , Carvalho Paulo F. , Goldstone Robert
Published: April 2021

Emphasizing the predictive success and practical utility of psychological science is an admirable goal but it will require a substantive shift in how we design research. Applied research often assumes that findings are transferable to all practices, insensitive to variation between implementations. We describe efforts to quantify and close this practice-to-practice gap in education research.
Don’t Burn our Flag: Patriotism, Perceived Threat, and the Impact of Desecrating a National Symbol on Intergroup Attitudes
Authors: Marinthe Gaëlle , Testé Benoît , Kamiejski Rodolphe
Published: April 2021

Desecration of national symbols is a recurring societal phenomenon that can lead to highly defensive reactions from some citizens, especially on the part of those expressing a strong attachment to the nation. In this paper, we investigated the effects of blind and constructive patriotism when faced with an ingroup (vs. outgroup) national flag burning on ingroup bias, taking into consideration the mediating role of perceived threat. In two studies (N = 252), the level of blind patriotism predicted stronger ingroup bias—due to more negative evaluation of visible minorities and/or more positive evaluation of the ingroup—when another ingroup¬ member burnt an ingroup (vs. outgroup) flag. This effect was partly mediated by a greater threat to the group’s image perceived by blindly patriotic people when the ingroup (vs. outgroup) flag was burnt (Study 2). Study 2 also highlighted a main effect of the symbol: ingroup bias was stronger when the ingroup (vs. outgroup) flag was burnt. We discuss the implications of our findings with respect to the role played by modes of national attachment and the consequences of desecrating symbols.
Testing the Dualistic Model of Passion Using a Novel Quadripartite Approach: A Look at Physical and Psychological Well-Being
Authors: Schellenberg Benjamin J. I. , Verner-Filion Jeremie , Gaudreau Patrick , Bailis Daniel Seth , Lafrenière Marc-André , Vallerand Robert
Published: April 2021

Objective: Passion research has focused extensively on the unique effects of both harmonious passion and obsessive passion (Vallerand, 2015). We adopted a quadripartite approach (Gaudreau & Thompson, 2010) to test whether physical and psychological well-being are distinctly related to subtypes of passion with varying within-person passion combinations: pure harmonious passion, pure obsessive passion, mixed passion, and non-passion. Method: In four studies (total N = 3122), we tested if passion subtypes were differentially associated with self-reported general health (Study 1), health symptoms in video gamers (Study 2), global psychological well-being (Study 3), and academic burnout (Study 4) using latent moderated structural equation modeling. Results: Pure harmonious passion was generally associated with more positive levels of physical health and psychological well-being compared to pure obsessive passion, mixed passion, and non-passion. In contrast, outcomes were more negative for pure obsessive passion compared to both mixed passion and non-passion subtypes.Conclusions: This research underscores the theoretical and empirical usefulness of a quadripartite approach for the study of passion. Overall, the results demonstrate the benefits of having harmonious passion, even when obsessive passion is also high (i.e., mixed passion), and highlight the costs associated with a pure obsessive passion.
Parent priorities for research and communication concerning childhood outcomes following preterm birth.
Authors: Ginnell Lorna , Boardman James P , Reynolds Rebecca , Fletcher-Watson Sue
Published: April 2021

Children born preterm (before 37 weeks of gestation) are at risk for several adverse childhood outcomes. Parent priorities for research into these outcomes, and preferences for receiving information about these risks, have not previously been established. 149 parents of preterm children between the ages of 0 and 12 years from around the UK completed an online survey, circulated through social media. Parent priorities for research centre around prevention of difficulties and development of interventions. The majority of parents would prefer for communication to begin within the first year of the child’s life. Parents reported a knowledge gap among health visitors, early years educators and schools. Training for these professionals could improve the experiences of families and children.
Two "what" pathways for action and object recognition
Authors: Wurm Moritz , Caramazza Alfonso
Published: April 2021

The ventral visual stream is conceived as a pathway for object recognition. However, we also recognize the actions an object can be involved in. Here, we show that action recognition critically depends on a pathway in lateral occipitotemporal cortex, partially overlapping and topographically aligned with object representations that are precursors for action recognition. By contrast, object features that are more relevant for object recognition, such as color and texture, are typically found in ventral occipitotemporal cortex. We argue that occipitotemporal cortex contains similarly organized lateral and ventral "what" pathways for action and object recognition, respectively. This account explains a number of observed phenomena, such as the duplication of object domains and the specific representational profiles in lateral and ventral cortex.
The Oxford Face Matching Test: A Non-Biased Test of The Full Range of Individual Differences in Face Perception
Authors: Stantic Mirta , Brewer Rebecca , Duchaine Brad , Banissy Michael J. , Bate Sarah , Susilo Tirta , Catmur Caroline , Bird Geoff
Published: April 2021

Tests of face processing are typically designed to identify individuals performing outside of the typical range; either prosopagnosic individuals who exhibit poor face processing ability, or super recognisers, who have superior face processing abilities. Here we describe the development of the Oxford Face Matching Test (OFMT), designed to identify individual differences in face processing across the full range of performance, from prosopagnosia, through the range of typical performance, to super recognisers. Such a test requires items of varying difficulty, but establishing difficulty is problematic when particular populations (e.g. prosopagnosics, individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder) may use atypical strategies to process faces. If item difficulty is calibrated on neurotypical individuals, then the test may be poorly calibrated for atypical groups, and vice versa. To obtain items of varying difficulty we used facial recognition algorithms to obtain face pair similarity ratings that are not biased towards specific populations. These face pairs were used as stimuli in the OFMT, and participants required to judge if the face images depicted the same individual or different individuals. Across five studies the OFMT was shown to be sensitive to individual differences in the typical population, and in groups of both prosopagnosic individuals and super recognisers. The test-retest reliability of the task was at least equivalent to the Cambridge Face Memory Test and the Glasgow Face Matching Test. Furthermore, results reveal, at least at the group level, that both face perception and face memory are poor in those with prosopagnosia, and good in super recognisers.
Vicarious ratings of social touch, the effect of age and autistic traits
Authors: Haggarty Connor , Moore David J , Trotter Paula , Hagan Rachel , McGlone Francis , Walker Susannah
Published: April 2021

Tactile sensitivities are common in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Psychophysically, slow, gentle stroking touch is typically rated as more pleasant than faster or slower touch. Vicarious ratings of social touch results in a similar pattern of velocity dependent hedonic ratings as directly felt touch. Here we investigated whether adults and children’s vicarious ratings vary according to ASD diagnosis and self-reported autistic traits. Adults’ scoring high on the AQ rated stroking touch on the palm as less pleasant than a Low AQ group. However, in contrast to our hypothesis, we did not find any effect of ASD diagnosis on children’s touch ratings despite parental reports highlighting significant somatosensory sensitivities. These results are discussed in terms of underpinning sensory and cognitive factors.
Modeling Retest Effects in Developmental Processes Using Latent Change Score Models
Authors: Batra Rohit , Bunge Silvia A. , Ferrer Emilio
Published: April 2021

Studying development processes, as they unfold over time, involves collecting repeated measures from individuals and modeling the changes over time. One methodological challenge in this type of longitudinal data is separating retest effects, due to the repeated assessments, from developmental processes such as maturation or age. In this article, we describe several specifications of latent change score models using age as the underlying time metric and include parameters to account for retest effects. We illustrate the models with data on fluid reasoning collected from children and adolescents in a cohort-sequential design ranging from 6 to 20 years. Our models include alternative approaches to specify retest effects at the structural or measurement level of the model, and as an observed or a latent covariate. We discuss the benefits and limitations of the different approaches for univariate and multivariate data in the context of studying developmental processes.