bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teaching critical thinking about health information and choices in secondary schools: human-centred design of digital resources
Authors: Rosenbaum Sarah , Moberg Jenny , Chesire Faith , Mugisha Michael , Ssenyonga Ronald , Ochieng Marlyn A , Simbi Clarisse Marie Claudine , Nakyejwe Esther , Ngatia Benson , Rada Gabriel , Vásquez-Laval Juan , Garrido José Damián , Baguma Grace , Kuloba Sam , Sebukyu Edward , Kabanda Richard , Mwenyango Irene , Muzaale Tonny , Nandi Pamela , Njue Jane , Oyuga Cyril , Rutiyomba Florian , Rugengamanzi Felecien , Murungi Joan , Nsangi Allen , Semakula Daniel , Kaseje Margaret , Sewankambo Nelson , Nyirazinyoye Laetitia , Lewin Simon , Oxman Andrew D , Oxman Matt
Published: September 2024

Background Learning to thinking critically about health information and choices can protect people from unnecessary suffering, harm, and resource waste. Earlier work revealed that children can learn these skills, but printing costs and curricula compatibility remain important barriers to school implementation. We aimed to develop a set of digital learning resources for students to think critically about health that were suitable for use in Kenyan, Rwandan, and Ugandan secondary schools. Methods We conducted work in two phases collaborating with teachers, students, schools, and national curriculum development offices using a human-centred design approach. First, we conducted context analyses and an overview of teaching strategies, prioritised content and collected examples. Next, we developed lessons and guidance iteratively, informed by data from user-testing, individual and group interviews, and school pilots. Results Final resources include online lesson plans, teachers’ guide, and extra resources, with lesson plans in two modes, for use in a classroom equipped with a blackboard/ﬂip-chart and a projector. The resources are accessible offline for use when electricity or Internet is lacking. Teachers preferred the projector mode, as it provided structure and a focal point for class attention. Feedback was largely positive, with teachers and students appreciating the learning and experiencing it as relevant. Four main challenges included time to teach lessons; incorrect comprehension; identifying suitable examples; and technical, logistical, and behavioural challenges with a student-computer mode that we piloted. We resolved challenges by simplifying and combining lessons; increasing opportunities for review and assessment; developing teacher training materials, creating a searchable set of examples; and deactivating the student-computer mode. Conclusion Using a human-centred design approach, we created digital resources for teaching secondary school students to think critically about health actions and for training teachers. Be smart about your health resources are open access and can be translated or adapted to other settings.
The rise of pathogen genomics in Africa
Authors: Mboowa Gerald , Kakooza Francis , Egesa Moses , Tukwasibwe Stephen , Kanyerezi Stephen , Sserwadda Ivan , R. Kidenya Benson , Kabahita Jupiter Marina , Namaganda Maria Magdalene , Nsubuga Mike , Nabisubi Patricia , Ayitewala Alisen , Kebirungi Grace , Nakafu Esther , Akwii Natasha Patience
Published: September 2024

The routine genomic surveillance of pathogens in diverse geographical settings and equitable data sharing are critical to inform effective infection control and therapeutic development. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic highlighted the importance of routine genomic surveillance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to detect emerging variants of concern. However, the majority of high-income countries sequenced >0.5% of their COVID-19 cases, unlike low- and middle-income countries. By the end of 2022, many countries around the world had managed to establish capacity for pathogen genomic surveillance. Notably, Beta and Omicron; 2 of the 5 current SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern were first discovered in Africa through an aggressive sequencing campaign led by African scientists. To sustain such infrastructure and expertise beyond this pandemic, other endemic pathogens should leverage this investment. Therefore, countries are establishing multi-pathogen genomic surveillance strategies. Here we provide a catalog of the current landscape of sequenced and publicly shared pathogens in different countries in Africa. Drawing upon our collective knowledge and expertise, we review the ever-evolving challenges and propose innovative recommendations.
Developing medical devices with emerging technologies: trends, challenges, and future directions
Authors: akkaoui Achraf , ZAHIDI Yassine , El Moufid Mohamed , DACHRY Wafaa , GZIRI Hassan , Medromi Hicham
Published: September 2024

This paper examines the rapid advancements and integration of emerging technologies in the medical field, particularly focusing on Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), Augmented Reality (AR), and cybersecurity. The study leverages data from Scopus and Web of Science databases to highlight the trends, challenges, and future directions in the development of medical devices. Significant progress has been made in enhancing patient care through the integration of AI and IoMT, which facilitate predictive analytics, personalized treatment plans, and real-time data monitoring. AR is transforming medical training and surgical precision, while cybersecurity measures are becoming increasingly vital to protect sensitive health data. Despite these advancements, the field faces challenges such as data privacy concerns, infrastructure limitations, and interoperability issues. The study also explores Africa’s contributions, with a particular emphasis on Morocco’s emerging role in this technological landscape. Three major research clusters identified include AI and AR, IoT and cybersecurity, and embedded systems, each playing an important role in the evolution of medical technologies. By analyzing publications from 2010 to 2024, the paper provides insights into the current state and future potential of advanced medical technologies, aiming to offer a foundation for further research and innovation in this rapidly evolving field.
Emotional Vulnerability in Adolescents (EVA) Longitudinal Study: Identifying individual differences in symptoms of adolescent depression and anxiety and their biopsychosocial mechanisms based on demographic and mental health characteristics
Authors: Tariq Asnea , Gray Elaine , M.  Gregory Alice , W. Y. Chan Stella
Published: September 2024

Background Adolescent depression and anxiety are highly prevalent, recurrent, and disabling mental health conditions. Current treatment outcomes are suboptimal, often leaving young people with residual symptoms and high relapse rates. To inform future development of more effective preventative strategies, the Emotional Vulnerability in Adolescents (EVA) study aimed to identify vulnerability markers for adolescent depression and anxiety. Specifically, it examined the associations between mental health outcomes and potentially modifiable biopsychosocial factors. The present report provides an overview of the study design and methodology, summarised the demographic, clinical, and mechanistic characteristics of the sample, and examined individual differences by age, gender, and personal and familial history of mental health at baseline. Methods Data collection was conducted across three-time points (baseline, 6-months and a 60-month follow-up). A total of 425 adolescents (60.5% female) aged 12 -18 years (Mean = 15.06, SD = 1.75) were recruited at baseline. . A comprehensive battery of measures to assess a range of bio-psycho-social factors was employed. Results We replicated previous findings in suggesting that females and those with a personal or familial history of mental health difficulties have higher levels of depression and anxiety and lower levels of well-being. These vulnerable sub-groups were also found to differ from their counterparts in a number of biopsychosocial factors; specifically they showed poorer sleep quality, lower levels of resilience, and higher levels of rumination, stress, neuroticism, external shame, bullying experiences, neural-cognitive biases, and dysfunctional attitudes. Furthermore, symptoms of depression and anxiety increased with age and peaked around age 15; age was also associated with an increased risk for eating disorders. Conclusions The present findings highlight the importance of considering individual differences in developing future preventative and intervention strategies by targeting underlying mechanisms that are more specifically prominent in each individual subgroup of the population.
The genome sequence of fat-hen, Chenopodium album L.
Authors: Mian Sahr , Christenhusz Maarten J. M. ,   Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Genome Acquisition Lab,   Plant Genome Sizing collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: September 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual Chenopodium album (fat-hen; Streptophyta; Magnoliopsida; Caryophyllales; Chenopodiaceae). The genome sequence has a total length of 1,593.80 megabases. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 27 chromosomal pseudomolecules suggesting the individual is an allohexaploid (2n = 6x = 56). The mitochondrial and plastid genome assemblies have lengths of 312.95 kilobases and 152.06 kilobases, respectively. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 50,077 protein-coding genes.
Professional Training of Foreign Language Teachers in Kirghizia: The Aspect of Communicative Competence
Authors: Zhakshylykov B.
Published: September 2024

The article discusses the importance of training foreign language teachers in Kirghizia for successful adaptation to the conditions of the educational space of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization countries within the framework of the development of cultural and humanitarian ties. The aim of this study is to investigate the significance of communicative competence in the professional language training of future foreign language teachers in Kirghizia and to identify related problems. Examining the possibility of mutual integration of professional pedagogical education in Kirghizia and Russia, the author pays special attention to the effective interaction of participants of the educational process and emphasizes the need to form and develop their communicative competence in a multicultural multilingual educational environment. Since one of the main qualification requirements for a foreign language teacher, is the ability to effectively use modern teaching methods and technologies, it is necessary to develop professional cooperation and expand the exchange of scientific and practical experience. It is proposed to improve the quality of training of foreign language teachers in Kirghizia by integrating national systems of professional teacher education and using the experience of Rossotrudnichestvo, Erasmus+ programs and Tempus project. The author concludes that cooperation with Russian educators will contribute to improving the effectiveness of professional training of pedagogical staff in Kirghizia.
Realization of Communicative Approach for Active Vocabulary Formation in the Textbooks of French Authors
Authors: Tokmacheva Marina
Published: September 2024

The article is devoted to discovering the relationship between the communicative approach to the formation of active French vocabulary and its practical application by the authors of modern educational publications. The materials of the study were textbooks on French language of A1 level of four most active publishers: CLÉ International, Didier, Maison des langues, Hachette. The study is based on the method of comparative analysis. The comparison was based on such criteria as didactic methods used by the authors in composing vocabulary formation exercises. The analysis of the exercises used by the authors when presenting the same lexical topics confirmed the dominance of the communicative approach aimed at developing practical communicative skills; however, a significant role of the cognitive approach aimed at activating such cognitive processes as memory, attention, and logic was also revealed. A comparison of the teaching material of the four textbooks showed that the most successful from the point of view of realizing the communicative approach are the textbooks Écho by CLÉ International Publishing House and Édito by Didier Publishing House.
Dynamic Processes in the Semantics of Wide-Meaning Verbs in Public Discourse (On the Example of the Verb to Make)
Authors: Gershanova A.
Published: September 2024

The research is devoted to the process of semantic expansion and the emergence of new meanings of the wide-meaning verb MAKE in public discourse. Wide-meaning verbs represent the most stable class of words and rarely undergo semantic transformation. Changes in the semantics of words are one of the active processes in the Russian language, the results of the study of which are presented in numerous scientific works. This confirms the relevance and prospectivity of the study. In the process of analyzing the texts of public discourse (socio-political, sports, gaming), new meanings of the verb MAKE were revealed: 1) 'to successfully complete actions and get a positive result', 2) 'to win', 3) 'to positively change the emotional state'. All the meanings contain an evaluative component. Their appearance is caused by changes in the linguistic picture of the world and the system of values of the society. The results of the research are useful because they reflect the trends in the development of the modern Russian language. They have practical significance and can be reflected in lexicographic sources.
Code and Data Repository for An Interior-Point Differentiable Path-Following Method to Compute Stationary Equilibria in Stochastic Games
Authors: Dang Chuangyin , Herings P. Jean-Jacques , Li Peixuan
Published: September 2024

The IPM works in MatLab software. This repository includes the source code and computational results for all randomly generated numerical instances presented in the paper.
Code and Data Repository for Largest Volume Inscribed Rectangles in Convex Sets Defined by Finite Number of Inequalities
Authors: Behroozi Mehdi
Published: September 2024

The goal of this software is to fins largest inscribed rectangles inside convex bodies such as convex polygon, ellipse, etc. The only constraint is that the convex body must be defined in finite number of convex inequalities. For more information please see the paper cited above. Each folder contains a README.md file for more specific information.
The views of current and future paramedics on prescribing: a review
Authors: Harrison Charles Nicholas
Published: September 2024

Background:

Following a change in legislation in 2018, paramedics gained prescribing rights but, as this is a recent change, no reviews have been carried out into their experiences.

Aim:

The overarching aim of this article is to understand the thoughts and opinions of current and future paramedic prescribers on non-medical independent prescribing. It also aims to identify potential barriers to paramedic independent prescribing (PIP), investigating the gaps within medication options, and the role of PIP in the autonomous scope of paramedic practice.

Methods:

A literature search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed and CENTRAL was undertaken in January 2023, with articles also gathered from grey literature, Google Scholar, citation searching and author contacting to identify literature for review. Six articles underwent thematic analysis, and four themes were identified: advanced practice; improved medication management; barriers to implementation; and effect on current practice.

Findings:

Overall, there are significant positives to paramedic independent prescribing, such as improved patient experiences, more medication options and fewer hospital admissions. However, there were concerns, which centred on the implementation process, underpinning support and increased responsibility.
Enhanced Hyperchaotic Image Encryption with CAW Transform and Sea-Lion Optimizer
Authors: Abed Qutaiba Kadhim , Al-Jawher Waleed Ameen Mahmoud
Published: September 2024

One of the most effective methods for ensuring data security in the communication and information fields is encryption. There is an important role for multi-chaotic systems in the field of data encryption, due to its wide advantages and its sensitivity to the values of the coefficients and ergodicity. However, some multi-chaotic systems possess low complexity and randomness, which results in unacceptable security behaviour of the current data encryption systems. In this study, we introduce a novel hyperchaotic encryption scheme that enhances image security using a three-phase approach. First, SHA512 is combined with URUK chaos to generate plain-related random sequences. Next, a hybrid CAW transform (Cosine, Arnold, and Wavelet) improves randomness. Finally, the Sea Lion optimization algorithm shuffles pixels to achieve robust encryption. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme effectively resists statistical attacks, with superior performance in NPCR, UACI, correlation coefficient, and information entropy tests
Application of Genetic Algorithm-Grey Wolf Optimization-Support Vector Machine Algorithm in Network Security Services Assessment and Prediction
Authors: Han Guoying , Zhou Bin , Zhang Yazi
Published: September 2024

The continuous development of information technology has also promoted the progress of the Internet. More people are joining the Internet. The amount of data stored in the network is also increasing, including some important information, which leads to criminals launching attacks on network security. In order to solve the large error in network security situation assessment and poor progress in network security prediction, the study uses spectrum clustering analysis to evaluate the network security situation. Then genetic algorithm, grey wolf optimization algorithm and support vector machine fusion algorithm are used to predict the Network Security Service (NSS). The genetic algorithm is used to optimize the global search ability of the gray wolf optimization algorithm and the parameters of the support vector machine are optimized to evaluate and predict the NSS. The results showed that the maximum error of the proposed model was 0.4112, and the maximum error was 0.5896. The absolute percentage error of this algorithm was 0.0270, while the other algorithms were 0.0745 and 0.0952, respectively. The proposed model has lower errors and time consumption in training and simulation testing compared with other current methods. The network situation assessment and prediction method proposed in the study can effectively improve network security services, ensure the personal information security, and enhance the security of the Internet.
White Cord Syndrome Following Long Posterior Decompression
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India,, Jain Mantu , Tripathy Sujit Kumar ,   Department of Orthopaedics, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India,, Varghese Paulson ,   Department of Orthopaedics, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India,, Naik Suprava ,   Department of Radiodiagnosis, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India., Sahoo Dibya Ranjan ,   Department of Orthopaedics, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India,, Singh Avnish Kumar ,   Department of Orthopaedics, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India,
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Ischemia/reperfusion cascade can cause severe tissue damage as documented in myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral occlusive vascular; however, Chin et al. first identified unexplained neurological deterioration after decompressive spinal surgery and attributed this to reperfusion injury of the spinal cord. As this appears as hyperintense signal changes in post-operative T2-weighted magnetic resonance image (MRI) sequences, it is termed as “white cord syndrome.” Case Report: A 63-year-old man presented with cervical myelopathy due to an ossified posterior longitudinal ligament and ossified ligamentum flavum, having Nurick’s Grade IV posted for surgery. The patient underwent posterior instrumented decompression from 2nd cervical to 5th dorsal spine. Postoperatively, he had neurological deterioration and was investigated and found to have extensive cervical cord edema on MRI. There was no implant malposition. Conclusion: WCS has to be ruled out in a case of unexplained neurological deterioration after decompressive spinal surgery, especially in the cervical and dorsal spine. The exact mechanism and treatment of WCS remain unexplained; spine surgeons should warn patients about WCS before surgery to prevent ethical and medicolegal issues. Keywords: Cervical myelopathy, posterior decompression, ossified posterior longitudinal ligament, white cord syndrome.
Mid-shaft Clavicle Fracture with Disguised Ipsilateral Type IV Acromioclavicular Joint Dislocation – A Rare Case Report
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics, Dr. Muthus Hospital, Singanallur, Tamil Nadu, India., Meignanaguru Muthusaravanakumar , Dhakshinamurthi Yogadeepan ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Dr. Muthus Hospital, Singanallur, Tamil Nadu, India., Srinivasan Deepak ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Dr. Muthus Hospital, Singanallur, Tamil Nadu, India., Shetty Ganesh Ramesh ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Dr. Muthus Hospital, Singanallur, Tamil Nadu, India.
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Clavicle fractures and acromioclavicular (AC) joint disruptions are very common injuries. However, both injuries occurring simultaneously are very rare entities. Case Report: In this article, we report a case of 21-year-old gentleman with a history of road traffic accident with a right mid-shaft clavicle fracture. We planned for the right clavicle plating. Intraoperatively incidentally, we found that the patient is having type 4 rockwood AC joint disruption with complete posterior displacement and gross instability. We repaired it after plating the clavicle using Ethibond with intraosseous sutures and augmented with trans acromion k wire. Later, k wire was removed, and the patient regained full range of motion shoulder after subsequent follow-up and physiotherapy. Conclusion: Clavicle fractures with ipsilateral AC joint disruptions are very rare. Diagnosing the AC joint disruption and appropriate management is very essential to regain the shoulder function and outcome. Keywords: Acromioclavicular joint, clavicle, Rockwood classification,Ethibond,K wire.
A Rare Case of a Medial Peritalar Dislocation on a Rock Climber
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics, Centre Hospitalier Bienne, Bienne, Switzerland,, Critelli Fernanda , Agaoua Mohand ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Centre Hospitalier Bienne, Bienne, Switzerland,, Soares Sérgio ,   Department of Orthopaedics, HFR Fribourg, Villars-sur-Glâne, Switzerland.
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Peritalar dislocations are rare and account for only 1% of all traumatic foot injuries. The talonavicular and the subtalar joints are dislocated; the tibiotalar and calcaneocuboid joints remain intact. Associated injuries are not uncommon. Sports related peritalar dislocations have been reported. However, there are no cases reported on rock climbers. Case Report: We report the case of a healthy 38-year-old patient, seen after a climbing accident against the wall. He presented a severe varus deformity of the hindfoot and an ankle hematoma and the talar head was palpable laterally against the skin. The radiological assessment showed a medial peritalar dislocation of the left foot. The dislocation was successfully closed reduced in the emergency room under sedation using axial traction and external translation maneuver. Non-operative treatment with cast immobilization and non-weight-bearing was performed for 6 weeks. At 6 months, the patient walked physiologically, without limping. He returned climbing and the subtalar joint did not show any stiffness. Conclusion: An understanding of the mechanism of injury is necessary to attempt a closed reduction which should be performed as quickly as possible to avoid skin necrosis. An open reduction might be necessary. After reduction, a complete radiological assessment is necessary to exclude associated fractures. The direction of the dislocation, the energy of the accident, the timing of the reduction, as well as the joint’s stability after reduction have a direct impact on the clinical and functional outcomes. Keywords: Peritalar dislocation, sports, rock climber, subtalar joint, talonavicular joint.
Privity of Contract & Rights of Third Party
Authors: Khokhar Farqaleet
Published: September 2024

A contract is enforceable by law and a lawful relationship is generated under it. It creates certain rights as well as obligations between parties to the contract. This paper comparatively surveys the two limbs of the privity doctrine. To that end, the judgments of Pakistani and English courts have been analyzed to perform a critical analysis of the developed jurisprudence on the privity of contract doctrine. It reviews the traditional approach of Pakistani courts toward the non-enforcement of third-party rights. Also, it highlights the evolved English approach that gives third parties a right to enforce a contract which confers benefits on it. Then, the paper examines judge-made exceptions of the privity doctrine including cases of family settlement and trust. Furthermore, it analyzes the second limb of privity doctrine that does not permit the imposition of liability on third party, however, it highlights that in Pakistan such burden is placed on third party.
“Just give me that respect, that I’m a veteran”: The Kiowa Women Warriors Color Guard—Changing Women’s and Veteran’s Roles among the Kiowa
Authors: Meadows William C.
Published: September 2024

Abstract: While the number of Native American women veterans continues to increase, they are often neither recognized nor honored as veterans. Over the last decade several Native American all-women veteran color guards have emerged, including the Kiowa Women Warriors (KWW). Wearing eagle feather war bonnets, white gloves, and matching dresses bearing their military insignia, the KWW have served as a color guard at powwows and events throughout Oklahoma and beyond. While receiving praise and approval from many tribes, including some Kiowa, their presence has also raised questions regarding how women veterans fit into existing Kiowa gender and ceremonial roles. Their formation represents a challenge and new catalyst in the evolution of veteran and gender roles occurring in Kiowa and other Native communities. This article examines changes in traditional Kiowa gender and martial roles through time in relation to the female military service and the formation of the Kiowa Women Warriors Color Guard–the first Native all-female veterans color guard in Oklahoma.
Examining the Impact of Mobile Service Quality Dimensions on Customer Satisfaction, Trust, and Loyalty in the Telecommunications Sector in Egypt During the Lockdown Period of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Abd-El-Salam Eman Mohamed , Fawzy Shaymaa Farid , Shaheen Ahmad Yahya
Published: September 2024

Purpose: The aim of this research is to investigate the impact of service quality dimensions (network quality, value-added services, pricing plans, employees’ competency, billing system, customer service, convenience, service personalisation) on customer loyalty in the telecommunication sector in Egypt during the lockdown period of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also examines the mediating role of trust between satisfaction and loyalty.Methodology: An online questionnaire was distributed to Vodafone Egypt customers with a sample size of 328. Structural equation modelling was used to assess the impact among the variables under investigation.Findings: The findings show that service quality dimensions’ network quality, value-added services, pricing plans, employees’ competency, billing system, customer service, convenience, and service personalisation constructs play a significant and vital role in customer satisfaction. The findings support existing models and theories and indicate the need for telecommunication companies to enhance the quality of their services in order to improve customer satisfaction and maintain loyalty. Implications: To build a marketing plan, telecommunication managers must determine the quality of the service characteristics that impact customer satisfaction and maintain loyalty. Managers need to increase the overall value that customers receive from utilizing telecommunication service. As a result, if a marketer can comprehend the qualities that enhance customer’ satisfaction and trust, they will be better positioned to control and influence customers’ experiences during a crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Contribution: This is the first attempt to examine service quality (in a multi-dimensional way) and service personalisation in the telecommunication industry in Egypt. It also examines their effects on customer satisfaction, trust and loyalty. The findings also provide significant managerial implications on how to manage service quality and personalisation, and the vital role that they play to ensure customer satisfaction, trust and loyalty.
Aero-optical effects of a hypersonic vehicle based on the refractive index step ray tracing method
Authors: Yang Yufeng , Zhang Zijie
Published: September 2024

The aero-optical effect caused by the high-speed flight of aircraft can affect the accuracy of astronomical navigation, so studying the laser transmission characteristics in high-speed flow fields is essential. This study adopts a 3D spherical blunt cone model as the physical aircraft model, incorporates the latest reanalysis data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction as atmospheric parameters, and uses Fluent software to establish a hypersonic aircraft external flow field model. The ray tracing error is calculated using a method based on the refractive index step size. Results indicate that, under the conditions of flying altitude of 5 km and incident angle of 45°, the proposed ray tracing method has better accuracy than the traditional method. Compared with the Runge–Kutta method and the method based on geometric step size, the proposed ray tracing method reduces the error by 46.4% and 12.5%, respectively, at the flight Mach number of 5.
Intelligent classification of water bodies with different turbidity levels based on Gaofen-1 multispectral imagery
Authors: Ye Shiping , Li Ronghua , Bai Zhican , Tuzikov Alexander , Chen Chaoxiang
Published: September 2024

The turbidity of water is crucial for the health of river and lake ecosystems, necessitating efficient monitoring for effective water management. Existing methods for studying water turbidity's spatial and temporal distribution rely mostly on measured data. There is limited research on the classification of water bodies with different turbidity levels. The main challenge lies in determining the boundaries of liquid water bodies at various turbidity levels, making it challenging to classify them accurately using traditional remote sensing image classification methods. This paper proposes and validates an intelligent turbidity classification method based on deep learning using GaoFen-1 multispectral remote sensing imagery. An adaptive threshold water extraction method based on the Normalized Difference Water Index is proposed to capture water boundaries more accurately to improve the accuracy of extracting nearshore water bodies. A semi-automatic semantic annotation method for water turbidity is introduced to reduce manual labeling costs. The paper applies mode filtering to address edge noise issues and establishes a high-quality training sample dataset. After comparing the accuracy of various neural network models, DeepLab V3+ is selected for intelligent turbidity classification. The results show high accuracy, with mean intersection over union (MIoU), mean F1 score (MF1), and overall accuracy (OA) reaching 94.73%, 97.29%, and 97.54%, respectively. The proposed method and experiments demonstrate the feasibility of intelligent classification of water bodies with different turbidity levels using deep learning networks. This provides a new approach for large-scale and efficient remote sensing water turbidity monitoring.
Mode-locking of anisotropic Tm,Ho:GdScO3 laser delivering 57-fs pulses at 2078 nm
Authors: Zhang Ning , Ding Heng , Wang Yinyin , Liu Jian , Xu Xiaodong , Zhao Yongguang , Wang Qingguo , Yu Haohai , Zhang Huaijin , Xu Jun
Published: September 2024

We report on a SESAM mode-locked bulk laser in the 2 µm spectral range employing a novel Tm,Ho-codoped orthorhombic perovskite crystal, which delivers sub-100 fs pulses with polarization along all three different crystallographic axes. With the polarization along E//b, the shortest pulse of 57 fs is achieved at 2078 nm without any additional dispersion elements, corresponding to an average power of 202 mW at 86.6 MHz repetition rate. The present result shows the potential of anisotropic Tm,Ho co-doped GdScO3 crystal for generating ultrashort pulses around 2 µm.
Deep learning assisted state space method for phase derivative estimation in digital holographic interferometry
Authors: Pandey Dhruvam , Gannavarpu Rajshekhar
Published: September 2024

In digital holographic interferometry, the measurement of derivatives of the interference phase plays a crucial role in deformation testing since the displacement derivatives corresponding to a deformed object are directly related to the phase derivatives. In this work, we propose a recurrent neural network-assisted state space method for the reliable estimation of phase derivatives. The proposed method offers high robustness against severe noise and corrupted fringe data regions, and its performance is validated via numerical simulations. We also corroborate the practical applicability of the proposed method by analyzing experimental data corresponding to deformed test objects in digital holographic interferometry.
Scalable parallel photonic processing unit for various neural network accelerations
Authors: Du Shiyin , Zhang Jun , Ouyang Hao , Tao Zilong , Yan Qiuquan , Hao Hao , Zhou Junhu , You Jie , Tang Yuhua , Jiang Tian
Published: September 2024

In recent years, integrated optical processing units (IOPUs) have demonstrated advantages in energy efficiency and computational speed for neural network inference applications. However, limited by optical integration technology, the practicality and versatility of IOPU face serious challenges. In this work, a scalable parallel photonic processing unit (SPPU) for various neural network accelerations based on high-speed phase modulation is proposed and implemented on a silicon-on-insulator platform, which supports parallel processing and can switch between multiple computational paradigms simply and without latency to infer different neural network structures, enabling to maximize the utility of on-chip components. The SPPU adopts a scalable and process-friendly architecture design, with a preeminent photonic-core energy efficiency of 0.83 TOPS/W, two to ten times higher than existing integrated solutions. In the proof-of-concept experiment, a convolutional neural network (CNN), a residual CNN, and a recurrent neural network (RNN) are all implemented on our photonic processor to handle multiple tasks of handwritten digit classification, signal modulation format recognition, and review emotion recognition. The SPPU achieves multi-task parallel processing capability, serving as a promising and attractive research route to maximize the utility of on-chip components under the constraints of integrated technology, which helps to make IOPU more practical and universal.
Sensitivity enhancement of guided mode resonance sensors under oblique incidence
Authors: Guo Liang , Xu Lei , Liu Liying
Published: September 2024

The sensitivity of guided mode resonance (GMR) sensors is significantly enhanced under oblique incidence. Here in this work, we developed a simplified theoretical model to provide analytical solutions and reveal the mechanism of sensitivity enhancement. We found that the sensitivity under oblique incidence consists of two contributions, the grating sensitivity and waveguide sensitivity, while under normal incidence, only waveguide sensitivity exists. When the two contributions are constructively superposed, as in the case of positive first order diffraction of the grating, the total sensitivity is enhanced. On the other hand, when the two parts are destructively superposed, as in the case of negative first order diffraction, the total sensitivity decreases. The findings are further supported by FDTD numerical calculations and proof-of-concept experiments.
A flexible loop in the paxillin LIM3 domain mediates its direct binding to integrin β subunits
Authors: Baade Timo , Michaelis Marcus , Prestel Andreas , Paone Christoph , Klishin Nikolai , Herbinger Marleen , Scheinost Laura , Nedielkov Ruslan , Hauck Christof R. , Möller Heiko M.
Published: September 2024

Integrins are fundamental for cell adhesion and the formation of focal adhesions (FA). Accordingly, these receptors guide embryonic development, tissue maintenance, and haemostasis but are also involved in cancer invasion and metastasis. A detailed understanding of the molecular interactions that drive integrin activation, FA assembly, and downstream signalling cascades is critical. Here, we reveal a direct association of paxillin, a marker protein of FA sites, with the cytoplasmic tails of the integrin β1 and β3 subunits. The binding interface resides in paxillin’s LIM3 domain, where based on the NMR structure and functional analyses, a flexible, 7-amino acid loop engages the unstructured part of the integrin cytoplasmic tail. Genetic manipulation of the involved residues in either paxillin or integrin β3 compromises cell adhesion and motility of murine fibroblasts. This direct interaction between paxillin and the integrin cytoplasmic domain identifies an alternative, kindlin-independent mode of integrin outside-in signalling particularly important for integrin β3 function.
Correlates of HIV treatment adherence self-efficacy among adolescents and young adults living with HIV in southwestern Uganda
Authors: Ashaba Scholastic , Baguma Charles , Tushemereirwe Patricia , Nansera Denis , Maling Samuel , Zanon Brian C. , Tsai Alexander C.
Published: September 2024

Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among adolescents and young adults living with HIV (AYLHIV) in sub-Saharan Africa is sub-optimal compared to younger children and older adults. Adherence self-efficacy is one of the intrapersonal factors most strongly correlated with ART adherence. The role of adherence self-efficacy in ART adherence among AYLHIV is not well studied in Uganda. We enrolled 300 AYLHIV between October and December 2021 from an HIV clinic in southwestern Uganda. We collected information on adherence self-efficacy, HIV stigma, depression, self-management, and social skills. We used linear regression to estimate the association between adherence self-efficacy and the covariates of interest. At multivariable adjustment self-management (b = 0.29, 95% CI 0.23–0.35, p<0.001) and social skills (b = 0.16, 95% CI 0.08–0.24; p<0.001) were statistically significantly associated with adherence self-efficacy. The findings imply that interventions directed at enhancing self-management and social skills in AYLHIV may increase adherence self-efficacy and, potentially, HIV outcomes among AYLHIV.
Influence of non-directional errors in anthropometric measurements and age estimation on anthropometric prevalence indicators
Authors: Grange Joseph M. , Mock Nancy B. , Collins Shalean M.
Published: September 2024

Anthropometric prevalence indicators such as stunting, wasting, and underweight are widely-used population-level tools used to track trends in childhood nutrition. Threats to the validity of these data can lead to erroneous decision making and improper allocation of finite resources intended to support some of the world’s most vulnerable populations. It has been demonstrated previously that aggregated prevalence rates for these indicators can be highly sensitive to biases in the presence of non-directional measurement errors, but the quantitative relationship between the contributing factors and the scale of this bias has not been fully described. In this work, a Monte Carlo simulation exercise was performed to generate high-statistics z-score distributions with a wide range of mean and standard deviation parameters relevant to the populations in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). With the important assumption that the distribution’s standard deviation should be close to 1.0 in the absence of non-directional measurement errors, the shift in prevalence rate due to this common challenge is calculated and explored. Assuming access to a given z-score distribution’s mean and standard deviation values, this relationship can be used to evaluate the potential scale of prevalence bias for both historical and modern anthropometric indicator results. As a demonstration of the efficacy of this exercise, the bias scale for a set of 21 child anthropometry datasets collected in LMIC contexts is presented.
Dynamics of growth, physiology, radiation interception, production, and quality of autumn black gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) as influenced by nutrient scheduling
Authors: Banerjee Purabi , Venugopalan Visha Kumari , Nath Rajib , Gaber Ahmed , Hossain Akbar
Published: September 2024

To analyse the effect of nutrient management on the growth, physiology, energy utilization, production and quality of black gram, a field trial on black gram was conducted at eastern Indian Gangetic alluvium during the autumn of 2020 and 2021. Treatments were two soil applications of cobalt (Co) and foliar spray of potassium (K) and boron (B) in five combinations. All treatments were arranged in a split-plot design and repeated three times. Two soil applications of cobalt (Co) were assigned in the main plots and foliar spray of potassium (K) and boron (B) in five combinations were assigned in sub-plots. Applications of Co in soil and foliar K+B facilitated significantly higher (p≤0.05) values for aerial dry matter (ADM), leaf area index (LAI), nodules per plant, total chlorophyll, net photosynthetic rate and nitrate reductase content in both 2020 and 2021, with a greater realization of photosynthetically active radiation interception, and use efficiency (IPAR and PARUE respectively), seed yield, seed nutrients and protein contents. Differences in LAI exhibited positive and linear correlation with IPAR explaining more than 60% variations in different growth stages. The innovative combination of soil Co (beneficial nutrient) application at 4 kg ha−1 combined with foliar 1.25% K (macronutrient) + 0.2% B (micronutrient) spray is a potential agronomic management schedule for the farmers to sustain optimum production of autumn black gram through substantial upgradation of growth, physiology, energy utilization, production and quality in Indian subtropics.
O trauma no contexto da cirurgia facial Editorial
Authors: Luiz Costa De Moraes Sylvio
Published: September 2024

A história da Cirurgia é bastante antiga. Seu propósito, desde os primórdios, pode ser definido como um método terapêutico (curativo ou paliativo) ou diagnóstico.
A Odontologia defensiva e os aspectos de uma triste realidade nas auditorias odontológicas: médico ou “dentista”?
Authors: Maurício Capelari Marcos
Published: September 2024

Vivemos, nos tempos atuais, uma dura realidade profissional, na qual constata- se a necessidade de se firmarem alguns conceitos, e tê-los em mente. Deparo-me, aqui, com uma terminologia que parece soar familiar, de forma trivial, como um conceito há muito conhecido. Porém, cuidado, não confunda Odontologia Defensiva com Odontologia Preventiva. Enquanto essa última se atém às manobras e técnicas voltadas a toda e qualquer forma de PREVENÇÃO de patologias e eventos deletérios à cavidade bucal, a primeira nos remete a um conceito de DEFESA — e essa, do ponto de vista jurídico...﻿
miR-325 Supresses Cell Proliferation and Migration in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer via Targeting DNA Ligase 1 (LIG1)
Authors: Yu Maixia , Li Linchan , Xu Peng
Published: September 2024

DNA ligase 1 (LIG1) plays a key role in DNA synthesis and DNA damage repair pathways. LIG1 has been shown to be up-regulated in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, its role and molecular regulatory mechanism in NSCLC cell proliferation are still not fully understand. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of LIG1 and post-transcripional regulators in NSCLC. Utilizing bioinformatic tools and qRT-PCR, our investigation substantiated the up-regulation of LIG1 within NSCLC cell lines and tumour tissues. Remarkably, individuals exhibiting elevated levels of LIG1 had diminished survival rates. Functionally, the depletion of LIG1 inhibited cell proliferation and migration, contrasting with the increased proliferation and migration upon LIG1 over-expression. Prediction from the TargetScanHuman database and results of dual luciferase reporter assays indicated that miR-325 could directly bind to and negatively regulate LIG1. Moreover, our findings demonstrated that the mimicry of miR-325 decreased cell viability, whereas its inhibition correspondingly increased viability, indicative of the tumour-suppressive role of miR-325 through the down-regulation of LIG1. Collectively, our findings show that LIG1 could promote tumour progression and knockdown of LIG1 could exert suppressive effects on NSCLC. As the post-transcriptional factor of LIG1, miR-325 could negatively regulate the expression of LIG1 to inhibit tumour progression in vitro. These findings suggest that LIG1 and miR-325 might be potential therapeutic targets for NSCLC treatment.
Seven new additions to euglenoid flora of India from petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated water bodies of Naga- Schuppen thrust belt
Authors: Boruah Bishmita , Baruah Partha Pratim
Published: September 2024

Comprehensive explorations were conducted along the Naga- Schuppen thrust belt of Northeast India, a hydrocarbon province of Southeast Asia, during the years 2021-2023 which revealed altogether 7 new distributional records of freshwater Euglenophycean species for India. Out of the 7 identified taxa, Phacus corculum, Menoidium tremulum, Trachelomonas crispa, Trachelomonas corniformis, Trachelomonas nadsonii and Trachelomonas rugulosa var. obliqua are found to be newly reported algal species not only from India but from the entire Southeast Asia province. All the reported Euglenophyte flora belongs to 2 classes, 2 orders and 3 families. In addition, the systematic accounts of all these species are discussed in detail.
Improving learners’ self-efficacy in a learner-controlled online learning environment
Authors: Taipjutorus Widchaporn , Hansen Sally , Brown Mark
Published: September 2024

Online learning is gradually being adopted by higher institutes and becoming much more common in higher education worldwide, but some learners still find it challenging. Though they are familiar with computer and technology usage, they are still uncertain of their ability to perform well in online classes. A review of studies focused on how these learners gain more confidence and success shows a link between self-efficacy and learners’ outcomes. Efficacious learners tend to adapt and cope well when faced with obstacles. Moreover, learners who were given control over their learning environment performed better, were more satisfied, and had higher self- efficacy than control groups. It is theorised that embedding learner control into online learning programmes might help inefficacious learners gain more self-efficacy but few studies have investigated this relationship in the real online class setting. Therefore, this study in progress is an attempt to fill in this research gap.