bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real Time Analytical Linearization of Turbofan Engine Model
Authors: Chung Gi-Yun , Prasad J. V. R. , Dhingra Manuj , Meisner Richard
Published: September 2013

This paper presents a methodology for developing a control oriented analytical linear model of a turbofan engine at both equilibrium and nonequilibrium conditions. This scheme provides improved accuracy over the commonly used linearization method based on numerical perturbation and piecewise linear interpolation. Linear coefficients are obtained by evaluating at current conditions analytical expressions, which result from differentiation of simplified nonlinear expressions. Residualization of the fast dynamics states are utilized since the fast dynamics are outside of the primary control bandwidth. Analytical expressions based on the physics of the aerothermodynamic processes of a gas turbine engine facilitate a systematic approach to the analysis and synthesis of model based controllers. In addition, the use of analytical expressions reduces the computational effort, enabling linearization in real time at both equilibrium and nonequilibrium conditions to enable more accurate capture of system dynamics during aggressive transient maneuvers. The methodology is formulated and applied to a separate flow twin spool turbofan engine model in the numerical propulsion system simulation (NPSS) platform. The derived linear model is validated against the full nonlinear engine model.
Application of the Shakedown Theory to Brittle-Matrix Fiber-Reinforced Cracked Composite Beams Under Combined Traction and Flexure
Authors: Spagnoli Andrea , Carpinteri Andrea , Montanari Lorenzo
Published: September 2013

The cracking behavior of a composite beam with multiple reinforcing fibers under periodic traction-flexure is analyzed through a fracture mechanics-based model, where the edge-cracked beam section is exposed to external loads and crack bridging reactions due to the fibers. Assuming a rigid-perfectly plastic bridging law for the fibers and a linear-elastic law for the matrix, the statically indeterminate bridging forces are obtained from compatibility conditions. Under general load paths, shakedown conditions are explored by making use of the Melan's theorem, here reformulated for the discrete problem under consideration, where crack opening displacement at the fiber level plays the role of plastic strain in the counterpart problem of an elastic-plastic solid. The limit of shakedown is determined through an optimization procedure based on a linear programming technique.
Local Source Based CFD Modeling of Effusion Cooling Holes: Validation and Application to an Actual Combustor Test Case
Authors: Andreini Antonio , Da Soghe Riccardo , Facchini Bruno , Mazzei Lorenzo , Colantuoni Salvatore , Turrini Fabio
Published: September 2013

State-of-the-art liner cooling technology for modern combustion chambers is represented by effusion cooling (or full-coverage film cooling). Effusion is a very efficient cooling strategy typically based on the use of several inclined small diameter cylindrical holes, where liner temperature is controlled by the combined protective effect of coolant film and heat removal through forced convection inside each hole. A CFD-based thermal analysis of such components implies a significant computational cost if the cooling holes are included in the simulations; therefore many efforts have been made to develop lower order approaches aiming at reducing the number of mesh elements. The simplest approach models the set of holes as a uniform coolant injection, but it does not allow an accurate assessment of the interaction between hot gas and coolant. Therefore higher order models have been developed, such as those based on localized mass sources in the region of hole discharge. The model presented in this paper replaces the effusion hole with a mass sink on the cold side of the plate, a mass source on the hot side, whereas convective cooling within the perforation is accounted for with a heat sink. The innovative aspect of the work is represented by the automatic calculation of the mass flow through each hole, obtained by a run time estimation of isentropic mass flow with probe points, while the discharge coefficients are calculated at run time through an in-house developed correlation. In the same manner, the heat sink is calculated from a Nusselt number correlation available in literature for short length holes. The methodology has been applied to experimental test cases of effusion cooling plates and compared to numerical results obtained through a CFD analysis including the cooling holes, showing a good agreement. A comparison between numerical results and experimental data was performed on an actual combustor as well, in order to prove the feasibility of the procedure.
Unit Impulse Response Estimation for Structural Damage Detection Under Planar Multiple Excitations
Authors: Law Siu-seong , Lin Jian-fu
Published: September 2013

An unit impulse response (UIR) function is an inherent system function that depends only on the structure and the locations of excitation. When the structure is under general excitation, the effect can be obtained via Duhamel integral between the UIR function and the excitation. The possibility of the UIR function as a damage detection index under general excitation is studied here. However, the UIRs from multiple excitations will contribute to the identification equation together. Therefore, the estimation of UIRs will most probably become underdetermined with a limited number of measurements leading to an incorrect or nonfeasible solution of the inverse problem. This report addresses this problem by developing a transformation between the UIRs to facilitate the conversion of a multiple excitations problem into an equivalent single excitation problem. However, the method is limited to planar problems and the reference response is confined to those with larger vibration amplitude. The extraction of the UIR via Tikhonov regularization from the measured acceleration is then described. Numerical studies with a 31-bar plane truss structure are used to illustrate the performances of the proposed approach with different damage scenarios with or without noise effect and model errors. The stability of the UIR estimation with different periods of measured data is also studied. Moreover, this paper studies the effect of using a reduced number of sensors and an increased sampling rate. Results show that the regularization-based approach with the new transformation matrix is accurate and effective for the inverse solution and it is robust to measurement noise in the damage detection process.
A First and Second Thermodynamics Law Analysis of a Hydrogen-Fueled Microgas Turbine for Combined Heat and Power Generation
Authors: Toja-Silva Francisco , Rovira Antonio
Published: September 2013

As is well known, the increasing energy demand requires an efficient use of conventional energy sources, as well as the development of renewable technologies. The distributed generation systems entail significant benefits in terms of efficiency, emission reduction, availability and economy consequences. Renewable energy technologies are fed by intermittent resources. This feature makes the energy storage an important issue in order to improve the management or to enlarge annual operation of the facility. The use of hydrogen as an energy vector may satisfy this requirement and; at the same time, it introduces additional advantages in terms of energy efficiency and emissions reduction. This work presents an analysis based on the first and second thermodynamics law to investigate the efficiency of a hydrogen/oxygen-fueled gas turbine, which produces both electrical and thermal energy (cogeneration). A 20 kWe, microgas turbine is proposed to supply the base load demand of a residential area. The results show that the proposed facility is appropriate when the thermal energy demand is significant. We obtain an exergy efficiency of 45.7% and an energy efficiency of 89.4% regarding the lower heating value (LHV) of hydrogen. This high energy efficiency remains on the use of the liquid water effluent and the condensation heat. The main sources of irreversibility are analyzed and the effect of the design parameters on the energy and exergy efficiencies is discussed.
Analysis of metabolic washout of positron emitters produced during carbon ion head and neck radiotherapy
Authors: Helmbrecht Stephan , Enghardt Wolfgang , Parodi Katia , Didinger Bernd , Debus Jürgen , Kunath Daniela , Priegnitz Marlen , Fiedler Fine
Published: September 2013

Purpose:

Particle Therapy Positron Emission Tomography (PT‐PET) is a suitable method for verification of therapeutic dose delivery by measurements of irradiation‐induced β+‐activity. Due to metabolic processes in living tissue β+‐emitters can be removed from the place of generation. This washout is a limiting factor for image quality. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether a washout model obtained by animal experiments is applicable to patient data.

Methods:

A model for the washout has been developed by Mizuno et al. [Phys. Med. Biol. 48(15), – (2003)] 10.1088/0031‐9155/48/15/302 and Tomitani et al. [Phys. Med. Biol. 48(7), 875–889 (2003)] 10.1088/0031‐9155/48/7/305. It is based upon measurements in a rabbit in living and dead conditions. This model was modified and applied to PET data acquired during the experimental therapy project at GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung Darmstadt, Germany. Three components are expected: A fast one with a half life of 2 s, a medium one in the range of 2–3 min, and a slow component of the order of 2–3 h. Ten patients were selected randomly for investigation of the fast component. To analyze the other two components, 12 one‐of‐a‐kind measurements from a single volunteer patient are available.

Results:

A fast washout on the time scale of a few seconds was not observed in the patient data. The medium processes showed a mean half life of 155.7 ± 4.6 s. This is in the expected range. Fractions of the activity not influenced by the washout were found.

Conclusions:

On the time scale of an in‐beam or in‐room measurement only the medium‐time washout processes play a remarkable role. A slow component may be neglected if the measurements do not exceed 20 min after the end of the irradiation. The fast component is not observed due to the low relative blood filled volume in the brain.
Regulation of Yeast G Protein Signaling by the Kinases That Activate the AMPK Homolog Snf1
Authors: Clement Sarah T. , Dixit Gauri , Dohlman Henrik G.
Published: September 2013

Phosphorylation of a G protein in yeast inhibits mating when there are insufficient nutrients available.
Angiomotin’g YAP into the Nucleus for Cell Proliferation and Cancer Development
Authors: Hong Wanjin
Published: September 2013

Interactions with angiomotin indicate complex regulation of the transcription factor YAP in carcinogenesis.
Signaling Crosstalk: Integrating Nutrient Availability and Sex
Authors: Schmidt Martin C.
Published: September 2013

The enzymes involved in nutrient sensing also act on the G protein that promotes the mating response in yeast.
Depression and the Habenula
Authors: Stern Peter R.
Published: September 2013

In a rodent model of depression, the increase of a protein kinase is accompanied by an up-regulation of GluR1 receptors.
Different Binding Properties, Different Responses
Authors: Foley John F.
Published: September 2013

A distinct receptor-binding property of interferon-β stimulates cellular responses that differ from those of other type I interferons.
Small cell carcinoma of the oesophagus: a rare cause of dysphagia
Authors: Schuerle Theresa , Aoun Elie , Farah Katie
Published: September 2013

Primary small cell carcinoma of the oesophagus is a rare, highly aggressive malignancy with diagnosis usually occurring at the most advanced stages. We report a case of small cell carcinoma of the oesophagus presenting with dysphagia and melena. A 79-year-old Caucasian man presented to an outside hospital with dizziness, light-headedness, chest pain and melena for 3 days. He had a history of intermittent dysphagia for solids and a 25-pound weight loss in the past 2 months. He underwent an esophagogastroduodenoscopy that revealed a large polypoid, well-circumscribed friable oesophageal mass causing near complete obstruction of the lumen. This mass extended into the gastric cardia. Oesophageal biopsies were consistent with small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. He underwent chemotherapy with subsequent remission and developed recurrence of disease in the oesophagus 2 years later. Overall, the patient has had two recurrences of his disease but has survived for more than 2 years with chemotherapy alone.
Inflammatory bowel disease biopsies: updated British Society of Gastroenterology reporting guidelines
Authors: Feakins Roger M
Published: September 2013

Accurate histopathological assessment of biopsies is important for the diagnosis, subclassification, and management of chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) guidelines for the initial histopathological diagnosis of IBD were published in 1997. Changes since then include: more widespread use of full colonoscopy; greater recognition of the effects of time and treatment; improved documentation of variations in anatomical distribution; better understanding of the mimics of IBD; significant progress in clinical management; and modifications of terminology. Accordingly, an update is required. These revised guidelines aim to optimise the quality and consistency of reporting of biopsies taken for the initial diagnosis of IBD by summarising the literature and making recommendations based on the available evidence. Advice from existing clinical guidelines is also taken into account. Among the subjects discussed are: distinguishing IBD from other colitides, particularly infective colitis; subclassification of IBD (as ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, or IBD unclassified); the discriminant value of granulomas; aspects of disease distribution, including discontinuity in ulcerative colitis; time-related changes; differences between paediatric and adult IBD; the role of ileal and upper gastrointestinal biopsies; differential diagnoses such as diverticular colitis and diversion proctocolitis; and dysplasia. The need to correlate the histological features with clinical and endoscopic findings is emphasised. An approach to the conclusion of an IBD biopsy report based on the acronym Pattern, Activity, Interpretation, Dysplasia (PAID) is suggested. The key recommendations are listed at the end of the document.
Socioeconomic status and exposure to outdoor NO2and benzene in the Asturias INMA birth cohort, Spain
Authors: Fernández-Somoano Ana , Tardon Adonina
Published: September 2013

Background

It is commonly assumed that low socioeconomic levels are associated with greater exposure to pollution, but this is not necessarily valid. Our goal was to examine how individual socioeconomic characteristics are associated with exposure levels in a Spanish region included in the INfancia y Medio Ambiente (INMA) cohort.

Methods

The study population comprised 430 pregnant women from the Asturias INMA cohort. Air pollution exposure was estimated using land-use regression techniques. Information about the participants’ lifestyle and socioeconomic variables was collected through questionnaires. In multivariate analysis, the levels of NO2and benzene assigned to each woman were considered as dependent variables. Other variables included in the models were residential zone, age, education, parity, smoking, season, working status during pregnancy and social class.

Results

The average NO2level was 23.60 (SD=6.50) μg/m3. For benzene, the mean value was 2.31 (SD=1.32) μg/m3. We found no association of any pollutant with education. We observed an association between social class and benzene levels. Social classes I and II had the highest levels. The analysed socioeconomic and lifestyle variables accounted for little variability in air pollution in the models; this variability was explained mainly by residential zone (adjusted R2: 0.27 for NO2; 0.09 for benzene).

Conclusions

Education and social class were not clearly associated with pollution. Administrations should monitor the environment of residential areas regardless of the socioeconomic level, and they should increase the distances between housing and polluting sources to prevent settlements at distances that are harmful to health.
Direct transforaminal Onyx embolization of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: technical note and report of five cases
Authors: Saura Pedro , Saura Javier , Pérez-Higueras Antonio , Martínez-Galdámez Mario
Published: September 2013

Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas with retrograde leptomeningeal or cortical drainage are considered aggressive. Conventional treatment in these cases is possible surgically or with endovascular arterial injections of Onyx or cyanoacrylate, but there are still some cases where distal navigation is not possible due to tortuosity of the arterial feeders. We present five cases of direct transforaminal Onyx embolization where endovascular distal navigation could not be achieved.
A combination of insulin and ubiquitin A20 promotes osteocalcin expression in adipose-derived stem cells
Authors: Wang Lin , Xu Xia , Huo Na , Guo Huiling , Wang Dongshen , Liu Hongchen
Published: September 2013

Osteocyte generation can be used in bone defect repair; the generation efficiency needs to be further improved. This study aims to evaluate the role of ubiquitin A20 (A20) in facilitating the expression of osteocalcin in adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). In this study, adipose tissue was obtained from 10 healthy human subjects; ADSCs were isolated from the adipose samples. The ADSCs were transfected with core binding factor alpha 1 (Cbfa1) and/or insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R). Expression of osteocalcin, A20 in ADSCs was assessed by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting. Apoptosis of ADSCs was analyzed by flow cytometry. The results showed that after the gene transfection and stimulation of insulin, the ADSCs expressed high levels of osteocalcin. However, apoptotic ADSCs were induced by the activation of IGF-1R. Exposure to insulin down-regulated the expression of Bcl-xL and A20, and increased Bax, in ADSCs. The addition of exogenous A20 prevented the ADSC apoptosis. We conclude that activation of IGF-1R can induce apoptosis in ADSCs, which can be prevented by addition of exogenous A20.
A petrological and geochronological study of a 360 Ma metallogenic event in Maritime Canada with implications for lithophile-metal mineralization in the Canadian Appalachians
Authors: Kontak Daniel J. , Horne Richard J. , Creaser Robert A. , Petrus Joseph A. , Archibald Douglas
Published: September 2013

The occurrence of ca. 360 Ma greisen-related molybdenite mineralization in the Clayton Hill biotite–muscovite leucomonzongranite (<1 km2) is unusual for the southwestern Meguma terrane of the Maritime Appalachians, where 380 Ma granite-related Sn mineralization dominates. The presence of extensive hornfelsing and occurrence of mineralized (Sn–W–Cu–Zn) skarns in the area suggests a larger intrusion occurs at depth. The intrusion and mineralization are constrained to 361 Ma based on concordant Re–Os (molybdenite) and 40Ar/39Ar (muscovite) ages, which equates to other ca. 360 Ma granites in the area, hence magmatism of this age is more widespread than previously considered. The intrusion is highly evolved (74 wt.% SiO2), metaluminous (A/CNK = 1–1.05; A/CNK = molar ratio [Al2O3/(CaO + Na2O + K2O)]) and depleted in cafemic and transition elements. Rare-earth elements (∑REE = 106–23 ppm) are strongly fractionated with light rare-earth elements (LREE) enriched (La/LuN = 10), and negative Eu anomalies. Biotite is Fe-rich (Fe/(Fe + Mg) = 0.75), and both biotite and muscovite are F deficient. These geochemical features indicate affinity to the other 360 Ma granites and suggest a similar petrogenesis with some A-type affinity. Mineralization occurs as molybdenite-bearing greisens and rusty miaroles lined with pyrite and enrichment in Cu–As–Bi–Au. Stable isotopes (O, S) indicate greisen formation at 450 °C from fluids with δ18OH2O = 7‰ and δ34SH2S = 2‰–3‰, which suggests an A- or I-type magmatic reservoir rather than a peraluminous magma. These data indicate the presence of a widespread magmatic event that is 20 Ma younger than the 380 Ma Sn-base metal event in southern Nova Scotia (e.g., East Kemptville). That this event is the same age as the world class Mount Pleasant Mo–Sn–W–Zn–In deposit of southern New Brunswick indicates additional potential for significant granite-related mineralization in this part of Atlantic Canada.
Complex network structure of flocks in the Vicsek Model with Vectorial Noise
Authors: Baglietto Gabriel , Albano Ezequiel V. , Candia Julián
Published: September 2013

In the Vicsek Model (VM), self-driven individuals try to adopt the direction of movement of their neighbors under the influence of noise, thus leading to a noise-driven order–disorder phase transition. By implementing the so-called Vectorial Noise (VN) variant of the VM (i.e. the VM-VN model), this phase transition has been shown to be discontinuous (first-order). In this paper, we perform an extensive complex network study of VM-VN flocks and show that their topology can be described as highly clustered, assortative, and nonhierarchical. We also study the behavior of the VM-VN model in the case of "frozen flocks" in which, after the flocks are formed using the full dynamics, particle displacements are suppressed (i.e. only rotations are allowed). Under this kind of restricted dynamics, we show that VM-VN flocks are unable to support the ordered phase. Therefore, we conclude that the particle displacements at every time-step in the VM-VN dynamics are a key element needed to sustain long-range ordering throughout.
NEUTRINO MIXING IN THE μνSSM
Authors: ZHANG HAI-BIN , FENG TAI-FU , KOU LI-NA , ZHAO SHU-MIN
Published: September 2013

Recently, several reactor oscillation experiments have successively measured a nonzero value for the neutrino mixing angle θ13, which is greater than five standard deviations. Within framework of the μ from ν Supersymmetric Standard Model (μνSSM), three tiny neutrino masses are generated at the tree level through TeV scale seesaw mechanism. In this work, we analyze the neutrino masses and mixing in the μνSSM with a "top-down" method, assuming neutrino mass spectrum with normal ordering or inverted ordering.
DFT STUDY OF STRUCTURAL AND ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF ENDOHEDRAL COMPLEXES OF GROUP V ATOMS WITH C60
Authors: PAHUJA AKSHU , SRIVASTAVA SUNITA
Published: September 2013

The structural and electronic properties of endohedral fullerenes formed by encapsulation of each of the group V elements inside the buckminsterfullerene cage have been investigated. The calculations reveal that all these species are thermodynamically stable, though the formation of Sb@C 60 and Bi@C 60 is slightly endothermic. The central atom preserves its electronic configuration and the quartet state. The energy gap and energy levels are perturbed by the inclusion of a foreign atom. The band gap of Sb@C 60 and Bi@C 60 is found to be significantly smaller than pristine C 60, suggesting the reactivity of these complexes.
GAMMA-RAYS FROM BLAZARS AND THE EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND LIGHT
Authors: COSTAMANTE LUIGI
Published: September 2013

Recent observations of blazars at high energy (0.1–100 GeV) and very high energy (> 0.1 TeV) have provided important constraints on the intensity and spectrum of the diffuse extragalactic background light (EBL), shedding light on its main origin. Several issues remain open, however, in particular in the mid- and far-infrared bands and in the blazar emission at multi-TeV energies. This review summarizes the observational and theoretical progress in the study of the EBL with gamma-rays and the most promising future improvements, which are mainly expected from spectra in the multi-TeV range.
INTERACTION BETWEEN DARK ENERGY AND DARK MATTER: OBSERVATIONAL CONSTRAINTS FROM OHD, BAO, CMB AND SNe Ia
Authors: CAO SHUO , LIANG NAN
Published: September 2013

In order to test if there is energy transfer between dark energy (DE) and dark matter (DM), we investigate cosmological constraints on two forms of nontrivial interaction between the DM sector and the sector responsible for the acceleration of the universe, in light of the newly revised observations including OHD, CMB, BAO and SNe Ia. More precisely, we find the same tendencies for both phenomenological forms of the interaction term Q = 3γHρ, i.e. the parameter γ to be a small number, |γ| ≈ 10-2. However, concerning the sign of the interaction parameter, we observe that γ > 0 when the interaction between dark sectors is proportional to the energy density of dust matter, whereas the negative coupling (γ < 0) is preferred by observations when the interaction term is proportional to DE density. We further discuss two possible explanations to this incompatibility and apply a quantitative criteria to judge the severity of the coincidence problem. Results suggest that the γm IDE model with a positive coupling may alleviate the coincidence problem, since its coincidence index C is smaller than that for the γd IDE model, the interacting quintessence and phantom models by four orders of magnitude.
COSMOGRAPHY OF INTERACTING GENERALIZED QCD GHOST DARK ENERGY
Authors: MALEKJANI MOHAMMAD
Published: September 2013

Exploring the accelerated expansion of the universe, we investigate the generalized ghost dark energy (GGDE) model from the statefinder diagnostic analysis in a flat Friedmann–Robertson–Walker universe. First, we calculate the cosmological evolution and statefinder trajectories for noninteracting case and then extend this work by considering the interaction between dark matter and dark energy components. We show that in the noninteracting case the phantom line cannot be crossed and also the evolutionary trajectories of model in s - r plane cannot be discriminated. It has been shown that the present location of model in s - r plane would be close to observational value for negative values of the model parameter. In the presence of interaction between dark matter and dark energy, the phantom regime is achieved, the accelerated phase of expansion occurs sooner compared with the noninteracting case. The GGDE model is also discussed from the viewpoint of perturbation theory by calculating the adiabatic sound speed of the model. Finally, unlike the noninteracting case, the evolutionary trajectories in s - r plane can be discriminated in the interacting model. Like the noninteracting model, in the interacting case the present location of GGDE model is closer to observational value for negative values of the model parameter.
A NEW CHARACTERIZATION OF PSL2(p) BY NSE
Authors: SHAO CHANGGUO , JIANG QINHUI
Published: September 2013

Let G be a group and p a prime dividing the order of G. Then G is isomorphic to linear simple group PSL 2(p) if and only if nse(G) = nse( PSL 2(p)).
JORDAN *-DERIVATIONS OF PRIME RINGS
Authors: LEE TSIU-KWEN , ZHOU YIQIANG
Published: September 2013

Let R be a prime ring, which is not commutative, with involution * and with Qms(R) the maximal symmetric ring of quotients of R. An additive map δ : R → R is called a Jordan *-derivation if δ(x2) = δ(x)x* + xδ(x) for all x ∈ R. A Jordan *-derivation of R is called X-inner if it is of the form x ↦ xa - ax* for x ∈ R, where a ∈ Qms(R). We prove that any Jordan *-derivation of R is X-inner if char R ≠ 2 or deg (S(R)) > 4, where S(R) := {x ∈ R|x* = x}.
ON THE CENTER OF THE MODULAR GROUP ALGEBRA OF A FINITE p-GROUP
Authors: BAGIŃSKI CZESŁAW , KURDICS JÁNOS
Published: September 2013

Let G be a finite nonabelian p-group and F a field of characteristic p and let [Formula: see text] be the subalgebra spanned by class sums [Formula: see text], where C runs over all conjugacy classes of noncentral elements of G. We show that all finite p-groups are subgroups and homomorphic images of p-groups for which [Formula: see text]. We also give the description of abelian-by-cyclic groups for which [Formula: see text] is an algebra with zero multiplication or is nil of index 2.
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE, NATURAL BOND ORBITAL, SUBSTITUENT EFFECT AND CHEMICAL REACTIVITY ANALYSIS OF TERMINAL BORYLENE RUTHENIUM COMPLEXES: Ru(PH3)2HCl(BC6H4X)
Authors: GHIASI REZA , MEHRABANI MAHBOBEH MAHBOBI
Published: September 2013

The structure and properties of a terminal borylene ruthenium complexes Ru ( PH 3)2 HCl ( BC 6 H 4X) have been investigated using theoretical methods. Frontier orbital analysis indicates the HOMO is distributed on the Ru and Cl ligand. On the other hand, LUMO is distributed on the Ru and phenyl ligand. The influence of solvent on the structure and properties of X = H structure has been studied. Time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) is used to calculate the energy, oscillatory strength and wavelength absorption maxima (λmax) of various electronic transitions and their nature within molecules. Nonlinear optical (NLO) behavior of title compounds is investigated by the computed value of first hyperpolarizability (βtotal).
THE WILLINGNESS OF A CUSTOMER TO CO-CREATE INNOVATIVE, TECHNOLOGY-BASED SERVICES: CONCEPTUALISATION AND MEASUREMENT
Authors: HANDRICH MATTHIAS , HEIDENREICH SVEN
Published: September 2013

Customer co-creation is a phenomenon, whose relevance for innovative technology-based services (TBS) has been acknowledged both by scientific and management practice. However, empirical research on this topic is scarce. Above all others, the lack of a good metric for this construct to establish a common ground for empirical research has hampered progress to date. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to develop and test a construct measuring the willingness of a customer to engage in co-creation (hereafer, WCC) of innovative, TBS.

This article provides a thorough literature review on customer co-creation, proposes a scale to measure the willingness to co-create (WCC) innovative, TBS and reports the results of a validation process using expert judges, an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The results of our studies show that the scale has good psychometric properties and that its relationships with other constructs and consumer adoption behaviour conform to theoretical expectations.
One-step combustion synthesis of NiFe2O4-reduced graphene oxide hybrid materials for photodegradation of methylene blue
Authors: Zhang Dafeng , Ding Qi , Pu Xipeng , Su Changhua , Shao Xin , Ding Guqiao , Zhang Zheng Gang , Fang Qiannan
Published: September 2013

NiFe 2 O 4-reduced graphene oxide (RGO) hybrid materials (NFRGs) were synthesized by a simple one-step combustion method. The structures, morphologies and magnetic properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer analysis. The results show that graphene oxide sheets are not oxidized, but reduced to RGO. The superparamagnetic behavior of NFRGs was observed. The as-synthesized magnetically separable NFRGs show improved photodegradation performance when compared to neat NiFe 2 O 4, attributed to the narrowing band gap, the efficient transfer of photo-generated electron from NiFe 2 O 4 to RGO sheets, and the improved adsorptive property of photocatalyst due to the high specific surface area of RGO sheets.
STABILITY NUMBER AND MINIMUM DEGREE FOR (a, b, k)-CRITICAL GRAPHS
Authors: ZHOU SIZHONG , XU YANG , WU JIANCHENG
Published: September 2013

In this paper, a sufficient condition for graphs to be (a, b, k)-critical graphs is given. This result is best possible in some sense, and it is an improvement of the previous result of Zhou, Xu and Zong.
ON THE TRADE WEB OF CHINA AND THE UNITED STATES: A NETWORK ANALYSIS
Authors: SHI YUE , SHI HAIZHONG
Published: September 2013

In recent years, World Trade Web (WTW), also known as international trade network (ITN) was expressed by different models, including binary undirected network (BUN), weighted undirected network (WUN), binary directed network (BDN) and weighted directed network (WDN), etc. Making use of the models, scholars have analyzed topological properties (e.g., node's degree and strength), clustering (e.g., clustering coefficient) and dynamics, etc. In this paper, we express the strength of trade relations of China and the United States (or other bilateral or multilateral trade) by number or weight of subgraphs or subdigraphs in WTW instead of node's degree and strength, we also propose patterns of subgraphs or subdigraphs including only 3 nodes C (China), A (the United States) and i (a 3rd country or district) in BUN, WUN, BDN and WDN. These indexes not only overcome the limitation of node's degree or strength in WTW, but also express bilateral or multilateral trade status. In WDN, we particularly propose 16 patterns of subdigraphs in place of the traditional patterns (e.g., export, import, import and export) of trade status of a country or district, which gives a better description of trade status of China and the United States.
TOTAL GRAPHS OF POLYNOMIAL RINGS AND RINGS OF FRACTIONS
Authors: AFKHAMI MOJGAN , KHASHYARMANESH KAZEM
Published: September 2013

Let R be a commutative ring. The total graph of R, denoted by T(Γ(R)), is a graph with all elements of R as vertices, and two distinct vertices x, y ∈ R are adjacent if and only if x + y ∈ Z(R), where Z(R) denotes the set of zero-divisors of R. In this paper, we examine the preservation of the diameter, girth and completeness of T(Γ(R)) under extension to polynomial rings and rings of fractions. We also study the chromatic index, clique number and independence number of T(Γ(R)).
Fluvial sediment supply, mud banks, cheniers and the morphodynamics of the coast of South America between the Amazon and Orinoco river mouths
Authors: Anthony Edward J. , Gardel Antoine , Gratiot Nicolas
Published: September 2013

The overarching morphosedimentary control on the coast of South America between the Amazon and Orinoco rivers is the massive muddy discharge of the Amazon (from
c.
754×10
6
to 1000×10
6
t a
−1
). This mud supply by the world’s largest river reflects sediment sourcing from the Andes, weathering in a tropical–equatorial climate and the extremely high water discharge (
ca
173 000 m
3
s
−1
). Amazon mud forms an estuarine mega-turbidity maximum on the shelf that feeds the growth of a subaqueous delta. About 15–20% of this mud forms coastal banks that migrate towards the mouth of the Orinoco, which has constructed a large subaerial delta. This muddy coast exhibits interspersed beaches and cheniers constructed from sand supplied by the smaller rivers and by the Orinoco, and is characterized by extremely large spatio-temporal geomorphic variability resulting from intense wave-reworking of the migrating banks, mangrove colonization and destruction, and erosion in interbank areas. These dynamic processes also drive important biogeochemical recycling, enhancing coastal productivity while efficiently remineralizing organic matter and promoting authigenic mineral formation. This muddy coast is being impacted by human-induced changes, in Guyana in particular. The Amazon–Orinoco coast provides an analogue for muddy, wave-dominated shorefaces in the geological record.
Neoarchaean crustal growth by combined arc–plume action: evidence from the Kadiri Greenstone Belt, eastern Dharwar craton, India
Authors: Dey Sukanta , Nandy Jinia , Choudhary A. K. , Liu Yongsheng , Zong Keqing
Published: September 2013

Field and geochemical studies combined with laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) zircon U–Pb dating set important constraints on the timing and petrogenesis of volcanic rocks of the Neoarchaean Kadiri greenstone belt and the mechanism of crust formation in the eastern Dharwar craton (EDC). The volcanic rocks are divided into three suites: tholeiitic basalts, calc-alkaline high-Mg# andesites and dominant dacites–rhyolites. The basalts (pillowed in places) show flat rare earth element (REE) and primordial mantle-normalized trace element patterns, but have minor negative Nb and Ta anomalies. They are interpreted as mantle plume-related oceanic plateau basalts whose source contained minor continental crustal input. The andesites are characterized by high Mg# (0.66–0.52), Cr and Ni, with depletion of high-field strength elements (HFSE) and enrichment of light REE (LREE) and large-ion lithophile elements (LILE). They were probably derived from a metasomatized mantle wedge overlying a subducted slab in a continental margin subduction zone. The dacites–rhyolites are silicic rocks (SiO
2
=61–72 wt%) with low Cr and Ni, K
2
O/Na
2
O mostly 0.5–1.1, highly fractionated REE patterns, enrichments of LILE and distinctly negative HFSE anomalies. One rhyolite sample yielded a zircon U–Pb age of 2353±32 Ma. This suite is similar to potassic adakites and is explained as the product of deep melting of thickened crust in the arc with a significant older crustal component. Collision between a continental margin arc with an oceanic plateau followed by slab break-off, upwelling of hot asthenosphere and extensive crustal reworking in a sustained compressional regime is proposed for the geodynamic evolution of the area. This is in corroboration with the scenario of EDC as a Neoarchaean hot orogen as suggested recently by some workers.

Supplementary material:

Details of whole-rock major and trace element determination, Nd isotope analysis and zircon U–Pb dating and trace element analysis, the geographical coordinates of the samples and the values of the international rock standards analysed are available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18660
Extensional Higher-Order Logic Programming
Authors: Charalambidis Angelos , Handjopoulos Konstantinos , Rondogiannis Panagiotis , Wadge William W.
Published: September 2013

We propose a purely extensional semantics for higher-order logic programming. In this semantics program predicates denote sets of ordered tuples, and two predicates are equal iff they are equal as sets. Moreover, every program has a unique minimum Herbrand model which is the greatest lower bound of all Herbrand models of the program and the least fixed-point of an immediate consequence operator. We also propose an SLD-resolution proof system which is proven sound and complete with respect to the minimum Herbrand model semantics. In other words, we provide a purely extensional theoretical framework for higher-order logic programming which generalizes the familiar theory of classical (first-order) logic programming.
Multi-person decision-making for requirements prioritization using fuzzy AHP
Authors: Bajaj Punam , Arora Vineet
Published: September 2013

The success of a system depends upon how effectively it accomplishes its intended purpose by meeting all stakeholders' concerns pertaining to conflicting requirements such as cost, size, time, performance etc. Conflicts occur because the requirements are individually refined, without consideration to how they may impact the other stakeholders in the system. As the stakeholders' concerns are uncertain and subjective in nature, this paper proposes a novel approach to prioritize the conflicting requirements using Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process and an alpha cut. A total compatible ordering is achieved to resolve the conflicting preferences of the stakeholders. It assists the project managers to develop a system that meets the expectations of all the stakeholders. A case study of the Travel Management Planning Website is presented to illustrate the application of the methodology.
Behavioral and structural evolution of SOA from OO
Authors: Chanda Jayeeta , Sengupta Sabnam , Kanjilal Ananya , Bhattacharya Swapan
Published: September 2013

Service Oriented Architecture caters to the "Separation of Concerns" and incorporates reusability, granularity, modularity, componentization and interoperability. There are many software products that have been developed in the object-oriented paradigm. To incorporate the positive aspects of the service-oriented paradigm, they need to be evolved to the service-oriented domain. In this paper, we define an integrated approach towards consistent evolution of Object Oriented (OO) paradigm to the Service Oriented (SOA) domain. There are some proven Object Oriented Design Tools that can be used for Service Oriented Application design incorporating both the behavioral and structural aspects. The work in this paper involves a set of activities like formalizing the different UML diagrams, formal mapping of object components to service level components and establishing consistency among them. We also establish a traceability model for consistent evolution of Service Oriented Applications from existing Object Oriented Applications by mapping behavioral and structural artifacts of both domains. This will establish traceability from implementation phases back to the requirements phases of an SOA application.
Comparative analysis of real time resource access control protocols using UML 2.0
Authors: Hazra Rumpa , Dey Shouvik , Kanjilal Ananya , Bhattacharya Swapan
Published: September 2013

The behaviors of real time software systems do not depend only on the values of input and output signals, but also on the times of their occurrences. Real time systems (RTS) interact with their environments using time constrained input/output signals. The complexity of Real Time Systems is continually increasing which makes their design very challenging. In RTS, the scheduling of tasks with hard deadlines has been an important area of research. Unified Modeling Language (UML), the standard visual object-oriented modeling language, is suitable to deal with this complexity. The main objective of this paper is to compare two protocols using UML 2.0 models. The shortcomings of the existing Priority Inheritance protocol are represented using one UML model. Further, the Stack Based Priority Ceiling protocol is used to overcome this difficulty using an improved model.
Metrics for measuring the quality of object-oriented software
Authors: Singh Gagandeep
Published: September 2013

This paper presents metrics for measuring the quality of object-oriented software. Quality of software generally depends on five parameters namely efficiency, understandability, complexity, reusability and maintainability. All of these parameters are associated with certain metrics. Quality of software can be measured by using object-oriented metrics. Software tends to become more complex over a series of releases and maintaining them becomes a more difficult task. Thus quality of software also tends to decrease over time. In this paper, a study is performed using object-oriented metrics that are computed over different releases of the software application JFreeChart.
Qualitas.class corpus
Authors: Terra Ricardo , Miranda Luis Fernando , Valente Marco Tulio , Bigonha Roberto S.
Published: September 2013

This paper documents a compiled version of the Qualitas Corpus named Qualitas.class Corpus. We provide compiled Java projects for the 111 systems included in the corpus. We also gathered a large amount of metrics data (such as measurements from complexity, coupling, and CK metrics) about the systems. By making Qualitas.class Corpus public, our goal is to assist researchers by removing the compilation effort when conducting empirical studies.
Cooperative and human aspects of software engineering
Authors: Prikladnicki Rafael , Dittrich Yvonne , Sharp Helen , De Souza Cleidson , Cataldo Marcelo , Hoda Rashina
Published: September 2013

Software is created by people for people working in a range of environments and under various conditions. Understanding the cooperative and human aspects of software development is crucial in order to comprehend how methods and tools are used, and thereby improve the creation and maintenance of software. Both researchers and practitioners have recognized the need to investigate these aspects, but the results of such investigations are dispersed in different conferences and communities. The 6th workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering held at the International Conference on Software Engineering continued the tradition from earlier workshops and provide a lively forum to discuss current developments and high quality research in the field, providing both a meeting place for the community and the possibility for researchers interested in joining the field to present and discuss their work in progress and to get an overview of the field. Further dissemination of research results will lead to improvement of software development and deployment across the globe.
Technical debt
Authors: Kruchten Philippe , Nord Robert L. , Ozkaya Ipek , Falessi Davide
Published: September 2013

As the pace of software delivery increases and technology rapidly changes, organizations seek guidance on how to insure the sustainability of their software development effort. Over the past four years running the workshops on Managing Technical Debt, we have seen increased interest from the software industry to understanding and managing technical debt. A better understanding of the concept of technical debt, and how to approach it, both from a theoretical and a practical perspective is necessary to advance its state of the art and practice. In this paper, we highlight the current confusion in industry on the definition of technical debt, their contributions that have led to a deeper understanding of this concept and the limits of the metaphor, the criteria to discriminate what is technical debt and not, and areas of further investigation.
Report of the 2013 ICSE 1st international workshop on engineering mobile-enabled systems (MOBS 2013)
Authors: Lewis Grace A. , Nagappan Nachiappan , Gray Jeff , Rosenblum David , Muccini Henry , Shihab Emad
Published: September 2013

The 2013 1st International Workshop on Engineering Mobile-Enabled Systems (MOBS 2013) was held in conjunction with the 35th International Conference on Software Engineering, ICSE 2013, on May 25, 2013 in San Francisco, CA USA. MOBS 2013 brought together software engineering researchers from academia and industry, as well as practitioners, to share results and open issues in diverse areas of engineering mobile-enabled systems. The many discussions throughout the day resulted in the identification of three promising areas of research to address existing gaps and problems.
Algebraic incremental maintenance of XML views
Authors: Bonifati Angela , Goodfellow Martin , Manolescu Ioana , Sileo Domenica
Published: September 2013

Materialized views can bring important performance benefits when querying XML documents. In the presence of XML document changes, materialized views need to be updated to faithfully reflect the changed document. In this work, we present an algebraic approach for propagating source updates to XML materialized views expressed in a powerful XML tree pattern formalism. Our approach differs from the state-of-the-art in the area in two important ways. First, it relies on set-oriented, algebraic operations, to be contrasted with node-based previous approaches. Second, it exploits state-of-the-art features of XML stores and XML query evaluation engines, notably XML structural identifiers and associated structural join algorithms. We present algorithms for determining how updates should be propagated to views, and highlight the benefits of our approach over existing algorithms through a series of experiments.
Almost-linear inclusion for XML regular expression types
Authors: Colazzo Dario , Ghelli Giorgio , Pardini Luca , Sartiani Carlo
Published: September 2013

Type inclusion is a fundamental operation in every type-checking compiler, but it is quite expensive for XML manipulation languages. A polynomial inclusion checking algorithm for an expressive family of XML type languages is known, but it runs in quadratic time both in the best and in the worst cases. We present here an algorithm that has a linear-time backbone, and resorts to the quadratic approach for some specific parts of the compared types. Our experiments show that the new algorithm is much faster than the quadratic one, and that it typically runs in linear time, hence it can be used as a building block for a practical type-checking compiler.