bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hard-Boiled French Style: Boris Vian Disguised as Vernon Sullivan (Authorship and Pseudonymy)
Authors: Schoolcraft Ralph
Published: May 2010

Boris Vian's publication of a hard-boiled novel, J'irai cracher sur vos tombes , under an invented identity (Vernon Sullivan, a Black American veteran of WWII) provokes condemnation from the French press and the courts. But these institutions sanction not so much the erotic and violent content as they do the pseudonymous trap laid for readers. The latter fail to recognize that Vian's masked identity is itself a mise en abyme using the genre of detective fiction to focus attention on how racial identities are constructed. In an attempt to clarify his intentions, Vian provides a second Sullivan offering, Les Morts ont tous la même peau , whose series of inversions and reversals further highlight the processes that produce the identities in question. Vian also seizes the opportunity to call into question the moral authority of Daniel Parker, the figure at the origin of the lawsuits weighing upon the French author.
Breaking the Silence: Sara Paretsky's Seizure of Ideology and Discourse in Blacklist
Authors: Six Beverly G.
Published: May 2010

This article utilizes Althusser's theories on Ideological State Apparatuses [ISAs] and State Apparatuses [SAs] to examine Paretsky's novel Blacklist and identifies the author's social protest, tied specifically to post-9/11 federal-government incursions on civil liberties. Two plot lines, a contemporary, post-Patriot-Act murder and an historical, McCarthy-era crime, are linked by a shared ideological dominance of culture and politics. Paretsky's detective Warshawski is challenged by and defiant of both SAs, in the form of local and federal law enforcement agencies, and the ISAs of communications, culture, and politics. Warshawski resists both SAs and ISAs by seizing the discourse in interrogations by law-enforcement officials and by exposing the ideological corruption of American culture. In Blacklist , the cultural discourse drives and is driven by the ideology, and in both plots interpellation is used to compel the public to acquiesce to State and Ideological dominance. By these means both governmental and cultural hegemony are maintained, at the cost of truth and justice. Although the hardboiled-detective formula has a history of resistance to corruption in state and cultural mechanisms, we find in Paretsky's Blacklist a shift in the paradigm. Here, Warshawski opposes State Apparatuses whose corruption of the Constitution has been codified. Although Paretsky's detective does not find justice in America's post-9/11 world, the novel itself stands as the author's assertion that America's citizens must speak up against all convergences of State Apparatuses and Ideological State Apparatuses that eat at the core of democracy.
Didier Daeninckx: Raconteur of History
Authors: Reid Donald
Published: May 2010

What is the relation of the work of the historian to that of the detective? This is a central theme of the work of Didier Daeninckx. Born in 1948, Daeninckx is of the generation that came of age in what Henry Rousso has termed the "obsessive phase" of the Vichy Syndrome and Daeninckx has himself played an important role in creating a gangway from this relation to the memory of the Occupation to a similar relationship to memory of the Algerian War. These obsessions are premised on the idea that there is a past hidden by those in power—and they seek to keep it hidden. Daeninckx's detectives ferret out this past and often find that historians and archivists present impediments to their quest. If historians had once used their skills and acumen to call the artisans and defenders of diverse historical memory traditions to task, Daeninckx passes on this responsibility to detectives.
The Problem with "Spiritual Classics"
Authors: Holder Arthur
Published: May 2010

Much teaching and scholarship in the discipline of Christian Spirituality focuses on texts, persons, and artifacts that have been identified as spiritual classics. But are there some detrimental consequences that result from this widespread fascination? This essay considers the limiting effects that the category of "spiritual classics" imposes on the content, method, and purpose of the discipline. What is being left out or relegated to the margins? Whose potential contributions are being ignored? By deconstructing "the classic" as a normative category, spirituality scholars may discover new depth and power in the mysteries they study.
Spirituality as Mindfulness: Biblical and Buddhist Approaches
Authors: Pieris Aloysius
Published: May 2010

The author joins St Basil the Great in pleading that we abandon the "contemplation-action' paradigm in understanding and interpreting biblical Christianity which revolves around the notion and the practice of rememberance or mindfulness ( zkr ). Indulging in a comparative study of the biblical and the Buddhist versions of mindfulness spirituality, he maintains that even Buddhism resists the contemplation-action paradigm. This essay is the first written version of a message the author has been transmitting orally in various parts of the world for many years in the course of teaching the practice of mindfulness-spirituality.
Embracing Darkness: A Theological and Psychological Case Study of Mother Teresa
Authors: Zagano Phyllis , Gillespie C. Kevin
Published: May 2010

Considering the worldwide discussion of Mother Teresa's life that has arisen since the 2007 publication of her private writings in Come by My Light , this essay addresses the question of whether the writings reveal that she was clinically depressed or endured a spiritual dark night. Both psychological and theological analyses are presented. The impact of her father's poisoning on her early childhood, as well as on her last years, are discussed. Theological themes surrounding the meaning of the dark night as applied to Mother Teresa are offered for further nuance of her life and assessing her spiritual journey.
Well-Pressed Stories
Authors: Taylor Peter
Published: May 2010

These well-written case studies and theoretical discussions show how widely Pickering's depiction of scientific practice as mangling can be applied. Some of the diverse topics will surely be new to readers, but this review questions the flattening of the cultural or social that happens when narratives and theory discount regularities in the resistances and accommodations that human agents experience as well as their conscious awareness of such regularities as social structuredness. Little is gained by anthropomorphizing the non-human and reducing to the common denominator of resistance or accommodation human purposes, motivations, imagination, and understandings of social structuredness. Indeed, important dimensions can be lost: the "thick of things," "complexity," and "inextricable hybridity" are much invoked, but not especially evident in this anthology's cases. Readers will find much more emphasis on disturbing a big Culture and Nature opposition, with the latter subject to domination and control at the hands of "traditional science."
Redefining Vulcanization: Charles Goodyear, Patents, and Industrial Control, 1834-1865
Authors: Guise-Richardson Cai
Published: May 2010

This article suggests inventor myths can have pragmatic value. The traditional story of Goodyear's eureka moment helped him claim discovery of vulcanization as a concept rather than a specific process. Through patent reissues, Goodyear and his associates redefined his discovery in more conceptual terms. Goodyear's original vulcanization patent (1844) was for a heated triple compound of rubber, sulphur, and white lead. Vulcanized rubber displaced unvulcanized by 1849 as more predictable methods of heating were introduced. Goodyear's 1849 reissue claimed his discovery was that heating rubber and sulphur, by any method, produced vulcanization. A second reissue in 1860 further broadened the patent's scope, claiming discovery of vulcanization as a concept, no matter the materials or processes used. The reissues broadened Goodyear's claims so they encompassed practical improvements made by others. The inventor myth of an early, serendipitous, and conceptual discovery helped Goodyear and his associates maintain control over an industry.
"Perfect Sound Forever": Innovation, Aesthetics, and the Re-making of Compact Disc Playback
Authors: Downes Kieran
Published: May 2010

Following its release in the early 1980s, the audio compact disc was widely embraced by consumers and record companies in the United States and around the world. But within the audiophile community, many reacted negatively to both the sound of the new medium, and its technical inaccessibility compared with vinyl record turntables. In this article, I trace responses to the CD in the audiophile community through interviews, reviews, and editorials published in enthusiast magazines. I argue that the CD represented both aesthetic and cultural challenges to audiophiles, and that critiques of the medium inspired a variety of technical innovations from small high-end audio firms that both improved the sound from CDs, and enabled better integration with the small-scale system building practices that lay at their core of the audiophile hobby.
"Extremely Apt at Doing Things by All Sorts of Tools"
Authors: Smith Pamela H.
Published: May 2010

Karel Davids investigates whether the perception of Dutch "technological leadership" in Europe from about 1500 to the end of the Napoleonic period corresponded to reality (it did, but only from about 1580 to about 1680, while the perception itself lasted much longer). He examines what caused this burst of technological innovation, and why it petered out in the eighteenth century. In the first part of the book, he traces economic expansion in the Netherlands between 1350 and 1680 and discusses its relationship to technological innovation, and then he turns to the causes of this innovation. Davids examines standard explanations for the development of technology in the Dutch Republic, such as the high wages commanded in Holland in comparison to other parts of Europe and the influx of skilled craftspeople from the Southern Netherlands in the 1560s, and he significantly revises these accounts.
What's Wrong with this Picture?
Authors: Konvitz Josef
Published: May 2010

Do networks of urban utilities make cities more alike in Europe? What has been the diffusion of urban technologies and models of urban development in both directions between Europe and North America in the twentieth century? How are cities with a high concentration of research and development activities different? To answer questions such as these, Mikael Hard and Thomas Misa have assembled a team of scholars writing mostly about the United States and Central and Western Europe. The political context and nature of long-term infrastructure decisions and the economics of investment and utilization are given insufficient attention, but the empirical material is rich, diverse, well-illustrated and instructive.
Corpses, Live Models, and Nature: Assessing Skills and Knowledge before the Industrial Revolution (Case: Antwerp)
Authors: De Munck Bert
Published: May 2010

This article addresses changing assessment procedures for (guild-based) artisans in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Discussions in and on two new educational institutions (the art academy and the medical college) in the seventeenth century (and beyond) reveal that manual skills and embodied knowledge were gradually devalued. The egalitarian guild-ethos was substituted with a more individualistic approach based on "ingenium," which was related to both designing (drawing and invention) and theory. Paradoxically, while observation, experience and experiment grew important among an intellectual elite, the hands-on skills of artisans became perceived as being devoid of talent and genius.
The Invisible Technologies of Goffman's Sociology From the Merry-Go-Round to the Internet
Authors: Pinch Trevor
Published: May 2010

Erving Goffman is not usually thought of as sociologist of technology. In this paper I argue that Goffman's early studies are replete with materiality and technologies. By paying more attention to mundane and invisible technologies, such as merry-go-rounds, surgical instruments, and doors, I argue that Goffman's interaction order can be shown to be materially and technologically framed, staged, and mediated. Important notions such as "role distance," "front stage," and "backstage" turn out to depend crucially upon materiality and technologies. When it comes to studying the internet there is thus, in principle, no fundamental distinction to be drawn between online and off-line interaction; both are forms of performed, staged, and mediated interaction. I show how Goffman's notion of copresence can be extended to the study of the internet and speculate as to what a sociology of material performativity, which combines interactional sociology with the insights of Social Construction of Technology, might look like.
Was the Nuclear Arms Race Deterministic?
Authors: Roland Alex
Published: May 2010

During the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union amassed remarkably similar nuclear arsenals. They built roughly the same number of warheads and parallel delivery systems. Can this mean that nuclear weapons were deterministic, forcing the superpowers to pursue the same technological trajectories? Was the evolution of these weapons systems inevitable? Did technology force the two superpowers to embrace a single technological paradigm for their military confrontation? This essay challenges the concept of technological determinism, either in the Cold War or anywhere else in human experience. "Technological determinism" is a rhetorical trope, invoked most often to denigrate either a historical phenomenon or an historical interpretation. Technology may be thought of as having social force that influences its adoption and directional force that shapes its trajectory, but nothing about it is inevitable. Technology shapes history but does not determine it.
Does Intellectual Property Protection Mean Pursuit of Patent Perpetuity?
Authors: Cooper Carolyn C.
Published: May 2010

The two books reviewed in this essay vary greatly in style and content, but both deplore the present state of the American patent system and use historical material only to buttress their complaint. Lawyer Matsuura views Jefferson's ambivalent attitude toward patents as based in his populism, while economists Boldrin and Levine argue that patents are both unnecessary and pernicious in their effect on invention and innovation. The authors of both books think James Watt was a bad guy.
Two Classes of British Engineers: An Analysis of Their Education and Training, 1880s-1930s
Authors: Hirose Shin
Published: May 2010

The debate on the adequacy of British engineers' education and training has been hampered by the scanty nature of the evidence upon which it is based. As a result inadequate attention has been paid to the correlated influence of three features, namely the existence of two classes of engineers, the control of qualifications by the professional institutions, and the tradition of practical training. This research note casts new light on these factors through an analysis of the education and training of samples of engineers from the 1880s through to the mid 1930s. This survey confirms that the retention of practical training after the introduction of scientific qualifications helped to maintain, in the twentieth century, the kind of socially differentiated routes to professional status that had emerged in the previous century. The retention of practical training even for graduates arguably restricted the numbers taking an engineering degree.
Sweet Memories: The Laupahoehoe Train Museum, Hawai'i
Authors: Mehos Donna C.
Published: May 2010

How does the Laupahoehoe Train Museum on the Big Island of Hawai'i preserve local cultural heritage? In the past, sugar cane dominated the landscape while trains moved harvested cane from fields to mills and transported sugar to ships in Hilo Bay. Both the trains and the cane have disappeared: the Hawai'i Consolidated Railway chose not to rebuild after the devastation of the 1946 tsunami and the sugar industry faced its ultimate demise in the 1990s. This museum is not a typical train museum with ambitions to amass a significant collection of railway cars and railway artifacts arranged and interpreted systematically. Rather, it is a small museum that portrays and documents the history and artifacts of plantation life, and initiates award-winning community outreach programs. In Sweet Memories, Mehos illuminates the interconnected histories of the sugar and rail industries on Hawai'i and how this museum strives to make visible the invisible past.
Far Beyond Tractors: Envirotech and the Intersections of Technology, Agriculture, and the Environment
Authors: Finlay Mark
Published: May 2010

This essay reviews three recent books that assess the interwoven relationships among the histories of technology, agriculture, and the environment. Alan Olmstead and Paul Rhode's Creating Abundance , J. L. Anderson's Industrializing the Corn Belt , and Christopher Henke's Cultivating Science, Harvesting Power each fit within an emerging genre labeled "envirotech," an approach that challenges presumptions that technology's impacts upon society, the economy, and plants and animals are predictable, deterministic, and unidirectional. Instead, these studies of biological innovation among various American crops and livestock breeds, of the mechanization and chemicalization of farming in postwar Iowa, and of the emergence on large-scale agricultural systems in the Salinas Valley of California, make clear that the technological choices bring unintended consequences to rural landscapes and societies. Among other themes, these sophisticated histories make clear that nature fights back against technological inputs, which in turn drives humans to devise ever more complex envirotechnical systems.
Trying on The Yellow Jacket : Performing Chinese Exclusion and Assimilation
Authors: Kim Ju Yon
Published: May 2010

During the era of Chinese exclusion from U.S. immigration in the early twentieth century, a play that purportedly offered an authentic replication of Chinese drama became heralded as an important and innovative American contribution to the development of modern theatre. This essay examines Harry Benrimo and George Hazelton Jr.’s The Yellow Jacket , which opened on Broadway in 1912, and its strange career from ethnographic amusement to globetrotting masterpiece. It argues that the play benefited from the convergence of contemporary anxieties about the lack of a strong American dramatic tradition vis-à-vis Europe and shifting conceptions of assimilable and unassimilable difference vis-à-vis China. The essay further suggests that the play was able to accommodate such contradictory assessments of its significance, because it assumed an explicitly alienated perspective of the theatre it claimed to imitate. By encouraging its audience both to see the Chinese and see as the Chinese, the play allowed spectators, as well as the “yellowface” performers, to enact a partial crossing of racial boundaries.
Jamaica on Broadway: The Popular Caribbean and Mock Transnational Performance
Authors: Vogel Shane
Published: May 2010

The 1957 black-cast Broadway musical Jamaica achieved enormous commercial success, presenting a spectacle of a mid-century popular Caribbeana. Returning to this musical and its production history in the light of recent theorizations of the transnational, this essay identifies a tradition of “mock transnational performance” that has been significant within African American commercial theatre and that shapes Jamaica ’s staging of the Caribbean. Mock transnational is meant to describe a theatrical mode and performative stance that takes up the misuse of diasporic cultural indices to critique and refigure the politics of the nation-state and racialized national formations. The essay locates Jamaica ’s mock transnational strategies in the leftist poetry of lyricist Yip Harburg; in the auditory maneuvers and performance strategies of its star, Lena Horne; and in the networks of professional support and social activism cultivated in the musical’s backstage relations. These surplus moments made use of diasporic imaginative geographies, sounds, and gestures—often in tension with the musical’s book—to explore and complicate the relationship between African American racial consciousness and theatrical form, on the one hand, and African diasporic histories and fantasies on the other.
Magic, Monsters, and Movies: America’s Midnight Ghost Shows
Authors: Kattelman Beth A.
Published: May 2010

This essay examines midnight ghost shows (alternately known as “spook shows,” or “spookers”) and seeks to reinsert them into theatre history and to posit them as a cultural barometer of the time in which they were popular. Ghost shows were magic shows presented on the stages of America’s movie theatres throughout the first half of the twentieth century. A ghost show was usually part of a double-bill with a film, and each built to a special blackout sequence that would close the show. The earliest ghost shows used illusions borrowed from séances, such as table tipping and the production of apparitions, while later ones featured characters from popular horror films and bloody stage illusions such as decapitations and immolations. These productions represent how some enterprising magicians were able to create a trans-medial synergy between their staged magic shows and the emerging motion-picture industry, allowing them to not only survive, but to thrive in the changing entertainment milieu of early twentieth-century America. Ghost shows also stand as early examples of movie events that prefigured the phenomenon of midnight showings associated with cult films such as The Rocky Horror Picture Show .
“For Urinetown is your town . . .”: The Fringes of Broadway
Authors: Beggs Anne
Published: May 2010

This essay examines the critical and commercial success of Urinetown: The Musical in light of its dual status as Broadway hit and subversive satire. In the wake of its 2001–04 Tony Award–winning Broadway run, Urinetown has become one of the most frequently produced shows in recent years. Its traditional musical structure, broad comedy, and accessible parody have guaranteed its popularity among audiences, while critics have praised its shrewd satire. As mainstream political theatre, Urinetown achieves an even deeper level of subversive success in its recalibration of audience expectations for both musical theatre and satire. This includes an incorporation of Brechtian and even Kafkaesque aesthetics within an integrated musical with overt references to musical theatre history. A consideration of Urinetown ’s reception as Broadway hit, national tour, and regional-and university-theatre staple opens up a new approach to its subversive potential. This essay argues that, even more than its overt political commentary, the absence of political resolution creates Urinetown ’s real potential for perverse radical critique within middlebrow culture. The Brechtian open-ending, rather than liberal exhortations, suggests a future for subversion within mainstream satire.
The “Dark Continent” Goes North: An Exploration of Intercultural Theatre Practice through Handspring and Sogolon Puppet Companies’ Production of Tall Horse
Authors: Hutchison Yvette
Published: May 2010

This essay explores the complexities of intercultural interaction, specifically in the context of globalization. These interactions involve not only contact with, but also negotiation of cultural representations. The debates about the processes involved in such encounters are complex and highlight tensions among aesthetics, ideology, the ethics of production, voice, and authorship. The essay begins by outlining some of the key debates and issues specifically for theatre; in particular, it looks at the tension between Brook’s transcultural approach to intercultural theatre and Rustom Bharucha’s insistence on contextualized and historicized interactions. These theoretical positions are explored against the specific example of Tall Horse (2005), an intercultural production by the South African Handspring Puppet Company, the Malian Sogolon Puppet Company, a choreographer from Benin, and a scriptwriter from New York. The essay examines both the ideological issues raised in the text and the practical issues of cross-cultural collaboration and interaction to suggest an approach that may mediate between binaries that seem to dominate cultural interaction.
Successful surgical treatment of tracheal rupture caused by endotracheal intubation
Authors: Baranyai Zsolt , Kocsis Ákos , Jósa Valéria
Published: May 2010

A trachearuptura ritka szövődménye az endotrachealis intubációnak. A sérülés leggyakoribb oka, hogy a tubus mandzsettáját túlfújják. A szerzők egy 45 éves férfi beteg esetéről számolnak be, akinél mesohypopharynx-tumor miatt végzett műtét során intubáció okozta 6 cm hosszú tracheasérülést észleltek. Primer ellátással sikeres rekonstrukciót és teljes gyógyulást értek el. Az eset jól szemlélteti az azonnali diagnózis és a szakszerű ellátás jelentőségét, amellyel feltehetően egy életen át tartó komplikációt vagy halált sikerült megelőzni.
Occupational rhinitis
Authors: Endre László
Published: May 2010

A foglalkozási nátha (OR) az orr olyan gyulladásos betegsége, amelyet a munkahelyen észlelhető valamilyen tényező vált ki és a munkahelyen kívül semmi sem ront. Klinikai tünetei (nehezített orrlégzés, orrváladékozás, viszkető érzés, orron keresztüli légáramlás csökkenése) csaknem azonosak az egyéb okból bekövetkező allergiás nátháéval. A 27/1996. NM-rendelet szerint Magyarországon is bejelentésre kötelezett betegség. Ennek ellenére 1997 és 2009 között hazánkban egyetlen esetet sem jelentettek. A legutóbbi 20 évben az egyetlen magyar nyelvű, OR-rel foglalkozó szakirodalom azUngváryáltal szerkesztett és 2004-ben megjelent Munkaegészségtan című tankönyv. E betegség Európa többi országában nem ismeretlen. Kiválthatják mind nagy (1000 Dalton feletti), mind kis molekulasúlyú anyagok. Pékek között például 18–28%, izocianáttal dolgozók (például festők, öntödei munkások) között 36–42% között írják le a prevalenciáját. Kialakulására hajlamosít, ha a károsító anyag nagy koncentrációban van a levegőben, illetve, ha többfajta károsító anyag van a levegőben. A meglévő atopia főleg a nagy molekulasúlyú anyagok esetében hajlamosító tényező. Az OR kórisméjének megállapításához a kórtörténeten kívül objektív vizsgálatokat kell használni. A legelfogadottabb a specifikus nasalis provokáció. Ennek során gravimetriásan mérhetjük az orrváladék mennyiségét, vizsgálhatjuk az orrváladékban található sejteket és citokineket, valamint az orron keresztüli légáramlást rhinomanometriával és a nasalis belégzési áramlást, az orr anatómiai viszonyainak megváltozását pedig akusztikus rhinometriával. Az OR kezelése elsősorban munkahelyi feladat: fokozni a szellőztetést, csökkenteni az expozíciós időt, helyettesíteni a károsító tényezőt. Az újonnan felvetteket évente szűrni, az OR-ben szenvedőket asztma irányában vizsgálni kell. Gyógyszeres kezelés: per os antihisztamin, nasalis szteroid, kombinált hatású (antihisztamin+membránstabilizáló) szemcsepp.
Effects of catalase gene (RS769217) polymorphism on energy homeostasis and bone status are gender specific
Authors: Vitai Márta , Kocsordi Krisztina , Buday Barbara , Literáti Nagy Botond , Kulcsár Enikő , Bezzegh Katalin , Péterfai Éva , Koltay László , Korányi László
Published: May 2010

Az oxidatív stressz kóroki szerepe a csontállapot és a szénhidrát-anyagcsere romlásában ma már elfogadott. Vizsgálatunk során az egyik legismertebb antioxidáns enzim, a kataláz +22348C>T (RS769217) polimorfizmus hatását vizsgáltuk az inzulinérzékenységre, glükózfelhasználásra és a csontok denzitására. A glükózfelhasználás mérését (hyperinsulinaemiás klemp) és a genotipizálást 51 nő (24 egészséges, 27 glükózintoleráns: IFG, IGT és kezelést nem igénylő 2DM) és 90 férfi (64 egészséges és 26 glükózintoleráns) esetében végeztük el. Az allélfrekvenciákban a vizsgált dunántúli populációban, a nemek és csoportok között nem találtunk szignifikáns különbséget. A katalázgén-polimorfizmus anyagcsere- és csonthatása a nemek szerint különbözött. Nők esetében a T-allél megjelenése szignifikánsan jobb HOMA-IR indexet (CC: 2,95±1,8 vs. CT+TT: 2,06±0,9, p<0,05) és a TT-homozygoták esetében jobb teljestest-glükózfelhasználást eredményezett (M-1: CC: 9,43±4,4 vs. TT: 13,23±1,6 mg/kg/min, p<0,05), de a csontok denzitása nem különbözött. Férfiaknál a T-allél megjelenése alacsonyabb femurdenzitással (CC: 1,110±0,17 vs. CT+TT: 1,030±0,16, p<0,05 g/cm2) és jobb HOMA-indexszel (CC: 2,42±2,3 vs. CT+TT: 1,50±0,2, p<0,05 ) társult, de javulást az izomszövet cukorfelhasználásában nem mértünk. A szervezet energia-háztartását és a csontanyagcserét összekapcsoló osteocalcin anyagcsere-kapcsolata nők esetében (r = +0,4424, p<0,05, n = 23) a T-allél megjelenésekor eltűnik. A többszörös korrelációs számítások szerint a leptin/adiponektin arány nők esetében a femur, férfiak esetében az L1-4 BMD-értékét befolyásolja, de ezek a kapcsolatok a T-allél megjelenésekor megszűntek. Eredményeink eltérnek a koreai nőkön mért adatoktól, és hangsúlyozzák a genetikai vizsgálatok különböző populációkon történő ismétlésének szükségét, és az anyagcsereadatok nemek szerinti értékelésének fontosságát.
Hepatocellular carcinoma: occurrence, risk factors, biomarkers
Authors: Fehér János , Lengyel Gabriella
Published: May 2010

A hepatocellularis carcinoma (HCC) világviszonylatban a halálhoz vezető rosszindulatú daganatos betegségek között a harmadik leggyakoribb megbetegedés. Az esetek döntő részében (80–90%) májcirrhosis talaján alakul ki. A cirrhosis fő oka a krónikus B- és C-vírus-fertőzés, valamint a tartós alkoholfogyasztás. Alkoholos eredetű májcirrhosisos betegekben a hepatocellularis carcinoma előfordulási gyakorisága 3–15% körül van. Egyéb kiváltó okok lehetnek továbbá a nem alkoholos steatohepatitis (NASH), az obesitas, diabetes mellitus, autoimmun hepatitis, májon belüli epeútgyulladás (primer biliaris cirrhosis, primer sclerotizáló cholangitis), réz- és vasanyagcsere-betegségek (Wilson-kór, haemochromatosis), veleszületett alfa-1-antitripszin-hiány. További kóroki tényezőként a dohányzás és különböző kémiai anyagok jöhetnek számításba. Míg korábban a HCC-s betegek csak szupportív, palliatív kezelésben részesülhettek, manapság a terápia széles skálája ismert. A sebészeti beavatkozások (reszekció, májtranszplantáció) mellett az invazív radioterápia is széles körben elterjedt. Újabban bizonyították a monoklonális antitestekkel végzett célzott terápia hatásosságát, valamint a kis molekulájú kinázinhibitorok eredményességét. 2007-ben került forgalomba a több területen ható kinázinhibitor, a sorafenib, amely jelentős mértékben növelte az előrehaladott HCC-s betegek túlélési idejét.
Genética de Coffea: XXI. Hereditariedade dos característicos de Coffea arabica L. var. laurina (Smeathman) DC
Authors: Krug C. A. , Carvalho A. , Antunes Filho H.
Published: May 2010

A variedade laurina, comparada à var. typica de Coffea arabica, se caracteriza por seu menor porte, forma cônica, ramificação mais densa, internódios mais curtos, fôlhas elíticas e menores, flôres de tamanho normal, frutos e sementes menores e afilados na base. Numerosas autofecundações e cruzamentos foram realizados e os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que os característicos diferenciais da var. laurina são controlados por um par de fatôres genéticos recessivos, sendo as plantas laurina de constituição lrlr. As plantas híbridas (laurina x typica) são perfeitamente normais e no F2 e "backcrosses" com a var. laurina ocorrem plantas normais e laurina, nas proporções esperadas na base de segregação de um par de fatôres genéticos principais. Do cruzamento com a var. murta resultaram plantas murta e normais, indicando que os cafeeiros laurina estudados são portadores dos alelos tt. As hibridações feitas entre os cafeeiros laurina de várias procedências deram apenas plantas laurina, não se tendo, todavia, indicações se as mutações são ou não independentes. Uma única planta resultante do cruzamento com a espécie diplóide Coffea canephora apresenta fõlhas de tamanho intermediário, porém porte normal e brotos de côr bronze, característicos de C. canephora. Embora produza bebida de alta qualidade, o café laurina tem pouco valor comercial, em virtude de sua produção bem menor do que a das linhagens selecionadas da var. bourbon, ora em distribuição pelo Instituto Agronômico.
Citologia do desenvolvimento dos frutos sem sementes no café "mundo novo"
Authors: Mendes A. J. T. , Medina Dixier M. , Conagin Cândida H. T. Mendes
Published: May 2010

Uma pequena porcentagem de frutos sem sementes é comum às plantas de tôdas as variedades de Coffea arabica, parecendo tratar-se de um fenômeno puramente fisiológico. No café Mundo Novo porém, além dêste tipo de plantas, há outras com elevada porcentagem de lojas vazias ("chochos"). Constituindo isto um grave defeito para uma variedade comercial, procurou-se estudar a sua causa. As observações feitas no processo da microsporogênese mostraram irregularidades na distribuição dos cromossômios. Sendo encontradas tanto nas plantas de alta porcentagem como nas de baixa porcentagem de chochos, não deve residir nessas anomalias a causa procurada. Em estudos comparativos dos dois tipos de plantas do Mundo Novo e da variedade bourbon, pôde-se verificar : a) que, em linhas gerais, o processo da formação do saco embrionário e o desenvolvimento do endosperma e do embrião são idênticos, havendo um ligeiro atrazo para as plantas Mundo Novo ; b) que nestas últimas existem anormalidades diversas no saco embrionário, em proporção muito mais elevada do que no bourbon. Ocorrendo com igual freqüência nos dois tipos de plantas do café Mundo Novo, estas anormalidades também não devem se relacionar com a formação de chochos. Estudos realizados em frutos de diversas idades, permitiram relacionar a alta freqüência de lojas vazias com o aparecimento de uma estrutura anormal, em forma de disco, encontrada no interior dos restos de perisperma. Êste "disco" (com cêrca de 3 mm de diâmetro) só apareceu na planta de alta freqüência de chochos, não tendo sido constatado na planta Mundo Novo de baixa freqüência de chochos, nem na planta bourbon. O exame citológico revelou que essa estrutura é constituida de endosperma, contendo um embrião anormal ; de côr clara a princípio, torna-se pardacenta à medida que degenera ; recebeu a denominação de "endosperma discóide". De oito plantas examinadas a seguir, encontrou-se endosperma discóide nas quatro que produzem alta porcentagem de lojas sem sementes, o que permitiu classificar as plantas Mundo Novo em duas categorias : 1) plantas onde ocorre o "disco" ; 2) plantas nas quais o "disco" não ocorre. A alta freqüência de chochos nessa variedade está, pois, condicionada à presença do endosperma discóide. Os autores sugerem uma hipótese genética para explicar êsse novo fenômeno : plantas de alta freqüência de chochos são heterozigotas para um par de fatores, que na condição duplamente recessiva têm ação letal ; como conseqüência, há paralização do endosperma no início do seu desenvolvimento, e, em seu lugar, é encontrado o "disco".
Ação da água oxigenada sôbre a matéria orgânica do solo
Authors: Verdade F. da Costa
Published: May 2010

Diversos tipos de análise de solo exigem a destruição prévia da matéria orgânica, sendo a água oxigenada o oxidante mais usualmente empregado. Nêste trabalho a ação da água oxigenada sôbre o carbono e o nitrogênio do solo foi estudada com pormenores, para esclarecer alguns pontos relativos à oxidação. A água oxigenada não destroi totalmente a matéria orgânica, qualquer que seja a concentração empregada. Em virtude da solubilidade de alguns produtos de oxidação do carbono e da remoção de resíduos vegetais não decompostos, a lavagem do solo com água destilada, após os tratamentos com aquele oxidante, produz maiores perdas de carbono que nos tratamentos sem lavagem. O nitrogênio só é eliminado em porcentagens altas quando o solo é lavado ; caso contrário, a sua porcentagem aumenta ou permanece no mesmo nível que a do solo original. A relação C/N acompanha as variações do carbono e nitrogênio segundo o tipo de tratamento feito. A concentração da água oxigenada pouca influência exerce na remoção do carbono e nitrogênio do solo ; essa remoção depende da quantidade de água oxigenada adicionada. A adição do volume total de água oxigenada necessária para produzir o máximo de oxidação é menos trabalhosa que a adição sucessiva de frações dêsse total, porém os resultados só são iguais quando os solos são pobres em carbono e nitrogênio. Para solos ricos nesses elementos, o parcelamento do volume total de oxidante é mais eficiente.
Adubação do milho: V - Considerações sôbre o uso de excesso de sementes em trabalhos experimentais
Authors: Freire E. S. , Viégas Glauco P.
Published: May 2010

Nos ensaios em que os adubos são aplicados nos sulcos de plantio, a redução no "stand" inicial ou de emergência, embora nem sempre seja um índice seguro, é, contudo, o mais prático de que se dispõe para verificar os danos freqüentemente causados pelo excesso de concentração de sais. Observações feitas em vários ensaios de adubação do milho realizados na Estação Experimental Central, Campinas, mostraram que, usando-se sementes em excesso e fazendo-se desbaste com o objetivo de uniformizar os "stands" dos canteiros experimentais, corrige-se parcial ou totalmente aquela redução. Tal correção dificulta, ou mesmo impede, a exata interpretação dos resultados obtidos, quando certos adubos, por terem sido aplicados de modo inadequado, deprimem a produção ou não a aumentam nas proporções esperadas. Isso tem concorrido para que se subestimem os freqüentes prejuízos provocados pelo emprêgo de adubos nos sulcos de plantio, retardando o reconhecimento da inconveniência dêste método de aplicação.
Adubação do milho: IX - Ensaio com lôdo de fossas sépticas "OMS"
Authors: Viégas G. P. , Freire E. S.
Published: May 2010

No presente artigo os autores apresentam os resultados de um ensaio conduzido em terra roxa misturada, na Estação Experimental Central, Campinas, para estudar o efeito, na cultura do milho, do adubo OMS completado ou não com fósforo e potássio. O adubo OMS é um pó resultante da decantação, em tanques sépticos, do material de esgotos das cidades, contendo aproximadamente 10% de umidade, 45% de matéria orgânica, 2,5% de N, 0,7% de P2O5 e 0,2% de K2O. O ensaio constou de 16 tratamentos compreendendo tôdas as combinações de: 1) 0, 2,5, 5 e 10 t/ha de adubo OMS; 2) 0 e 80 kg/ha de P2O5 na forma de farinha de ossos e 3) 0 e 50 kg/ha de K.,0 na forma de cinzas de café (que também forneceram 20 kg/ha de P2O5). Os adubos foram empregados somente no primeiro ano, 1943-44, mas o ensaio foi conduzido durante três anos. O efeito do fósforo foi muito pequeno (provavelmente porque a terra havia sido adubada com adubos fosfatados nas culturas anteriores ao ensaio), ao passo que o potássio aumentou extraordinariamente a produção no primeiro ano e teve magnífico efeito residual nos dois anos seguintes. O efeito do adubo OMS foi pequeno na ausência do potássio, mas elevou-se substancialmente na presença dêsse nutriente. As doses de 5 e 10 t/ha deram resultados satisfatórios; contudo, aumentaram relativamente mais a produção de colmos que a de grãos. O efeito do nitrogênio de OMS foi rápido, mas aparentemente pouco duradouro. Para melhor aproveitamento do seu nitrogênio, a aplicação do adubo OMS deveria ser feita com freqüência (talvez anualmente) e em doses moderadas, completadas, conforme a terra, com fósforo e potássio.
Perdas de elementos nutritivos pela erosão: II - Elementos minerais e carbono
Authors: Grohmann F. , Verdade F. C. , Marques J. Quintiliano A.
Published: May 2010

No presente trabalho procurou-se conhecer as perdas por erosão, dos elementos minerais e carbono na terra-roxa-misturada, quando submetida a práticas agrícolas diversas. Com essa finalidade foram usados coletores de enxurrada, do tipo Geib. No material sólido arrastado pela erosão, como também na enxurrada, foram feitas análises químicas dos principais elementos minerais e carbono. Procurou-se, também, estudar as relações entre a quantidade de material arrastado e volume de enxurrada com a composição química desses mesmos materiais. Procurou-se verificar a influência das diversas práticas agrícolas na composição da enxurrada, bem como a influência do material sólido em suspensão, na composição química da enxurrada.
Fatores prognósticos nas gastrectomias com linfadenectomia D2 por adenocarcinoma gástrico
Authors: Castro Osvaldo Antonio Prado , Malheiros Carlos Alberto , Rodrigues Francisco César Martins , Ilias Elias Jirjoss , Kassab Paulo
Published: May 2010

RACIONAL: A disseminação linfática é significativamente mais prevalente do que a hematogênica no câncer gástrico e assim torna-se importante o tratamento loco-regional, ou seja, a ressecção cirúrgica associada à linfadenectomia, preferencialmente do tipo D2. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a sobrevivência global nos pacientes submetidos à gastrectomia D2 por adenocarcinoma gástrico; determinar os principais fatores prognósticos e definir variáveis que possuam valor prognóstico independente. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo em 125 pacientes submetidos à gastrectomia D2, entre agosto de 1997 e outubro de 2005. A técnica adotada seguiu rigorosamente o protocolo proposto pelo Centro Nacional de Câncer de Tóquio. RESULTADOS: Havia 73 homens e 52 mulheres com idades que variaram de 28 a 84 anos (média de 58,96 ± 14,01). Setenta por cento das lesões situavam-se na porção distal do estômago, 20% eram proximais e 10% ocupavam os três segmentos anatômicos do órgão. Os estádios estavam assim distribuídos: I - 37 casos (29,6%), II - 20 casos (16%), III - 37 casos (29,6%), e IV - 31 casos (24,8%). Realizou-se 87 gastrectomias subtotais e 38 totais. A morbidade total foi de 26,4%, constituindo-se predominantemente de fístulas e complicações pulmonares. A letalidade foi de 9,6%. Após seguimento médio de 48 meses, 68 (54,4%) pacientes tinham falecido, representando sobrevivência global de 45,6%. As análises univariada e multivariada revelaram que: tumores que acometiam grandes segmentos do estômago, lesões que acometiam além da serosa (T3 ou T4), comprometimento neoplásico em mais de sete linfonodos (N2 ou N3), presença de metástases à distância (M1) e o estádio III e IV da doença, estavam relacionados diretamente com pior prognóstico. CONCLUSÃO: Menos da metade dos pacientes encontrava-se vivo após seguimento médio de quatro anos; o estádio TNM isolado constituiu-se no principal fator prognóstico, sendo que a extensão do comprometimento tumoral na câmara gástrica, o estádio da doença, a ocorrência de metástases a distância e principalmente a presença de metástases linfonodais, constituíram-se em variáveis com valor prognóstico independente.
Textiloma simulando tumor de cólon e mesentério, assintomático durante 40 anos
Authors: Mafalda Leandro Gonçalves , Caitano Mario José Calefi , Magioni Felipe Mérlo , Mayer Danúbia Hoffmann , Fonseca Claúdio Medina da , Kalil Mitre
Published: May 2010

RACIONAL: A presença de um corpo estranho dentro da cavidade peritoneal pode ocasionar dor, desconforto, mal-estar , febre, náuseas, obstrução intestinal, fistulização para o aparelho digestório e até a sua eliminação via retal. OBJETIVO: Relatar o caso de uma paciente com um textiloma no hipocôndrio direito, diagnosticado após 40 anos de submetida à colecistectomia e que agora apresentava massa palpável, quadro de sub-oclusão intestinal e diagnóstico inicial de neoplasia de mesentério ou transverso proximal. RELATO DO CASO: Mulher, 74 anos, leucodérmica, com epigastralgia, dor abdominal em cólica, alteração do ritmo intestinal e episódios de sub-oclusão, cujo clister opaco e tomografia computadorizada abdominal evidenciaram massa sólida heterogênea, de contornos bem definidos e calcificada no hipocôndrio direito com envolvimento do ângulo hepático do cólon, alças de delgado e omento maior. Submetida à laparotomia exploradora com exérese da massa, o exame histopatológico confirmou tratar-se de um textiloma. CONCLUSÃO: A presença de um corpo estranho na cavidade peritoneal, pode simular neoplasias e quadros clínicos os mais variados, porém, a maioria dos diagnósticos são confirmados durante as laparotomias exploradoras.
Influência do pneumoperitônio nas funções hepática e renal e na liberação de citocinas pró-inflamatórias em modelo experimental de endotoxemia induzida por lipopolissacarídeo de Escherichia coli
Authors: Macri Matheus Martin , Matias Jorge Eduardo Fouto , Souza Carlos José Franco de , Nicoluzzi João Eduardo Leal , Caron Pedro Ernesto , Repka João Carlos Domingues
Published: May 2010

RACIONAL: A videocirurgia pode apresentar complicações inerentes ao método e dentre elas destacam-se as relacionadas ao aumento da pressão na cavidade intra-abdominal. OBJETIVO: Analisar os efeitos do pneumoperitônio em modelo experimental de endotoxemia causada por lipopolissacarídeo. MÉTODO: Foram utilizados 32 ratos Wistar dos quais foi coletado sangue 24 horas prévias para obtenção dos valores de referência nas provas de função renal, hepática e do estado endotóxico (contagens total e diferencial de leucócitos, contagem de plaquetas e dosagens de lipopolissacarídeo, TNFα, IL6). A seguir os ratos foram separados em quatro grupos com oito: grupos controle inoculados com lipopolissacarídeo (10 mg/kg via intraperitoneal) e mantidos por quatro e 11 horas (C-LPS4 e C-LPS11). Grupo C-PP, submetido ao pneumoperitônio por CO2 por uma hora e mantido sob observação por seis horas. Grupo experimento (E) inoculados com 10 mg/kg de lipopolissacarídeo por via intraperitoneal, após quatro horas submetidos ao pneumoperitônio por CO2 por uma hora e mantidos sob observação por seis horas. Ao término destes períodos foram coletadas amostras de sangue para as mesmas avaliações iniciais. Utilizou-se o método de T-Student para as comparações dos resultados, com nível de significância de 0,05. RESULTADOS: Em comparação aos valores iniciais e aos grupos controle, o grupo E apresentou maiores valores nas dosagens de creatinina e uréia, bilirrubina direta, ALT e TAP, aumento nas dosagens de IL6, TNFα e diminuição de plaquetas, aumento de leucócitos e bastonetes e detecção de endotoxina circulante. CONCLUSÃO: O pneumoperitônio por dióxido de carbono induz aumentos na liberação de TNFα, IL6, piora das funções hepática e renal em modelo experimental de endotoxemia induzida por lipopolissacarídeo.
Afinal, quantas empresas tem esta cidade?
Authors: Torres Rosane Rivera , Rodrigues Andréa Leite
Published: May 2010

Barueri é um municipio da Grande São Paulo, localizado a oeste da capital. A cidade oferece alíquotas diferenciadas para impostos a empresas que ali se instalam, tornando-se importante polo de atração industrial. Em virtude da oferta de tais benefícios, o município ficou repleto de empresas de papel, ou seja, empresas se estabelecem formalmente na cidade, mas não desenvolvem ali sua operação. Tal fato torna difícil a tarefa de identificar organizações cujas operações aconteçam efetivamente no município. O contato telefonico com uma empresa com sede em Barueri resulta, frequentemente, em tratar com um escritório de contabilidade que a representa, uma vez que a operação está em outros lugares. A Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie pretendeu produzir um trabalho de aproximação com empresas da região, em face dos planos de desenvolvimento estabelecidos para o câmpus Tamboré, localizado em Barueri. Desta feita, era imprescindível definir universo e plano amostral com empresas cujas operações ocorressem na circunvizinhança, com vistas a estabelecer programas de parcerias. Deu-se, então, o desafio de encontrar quais organizações estavam efetivamente no municipio, uma vez que as empresas de papel não interessavam para os propósitos de desenvolvimento do campus. Como encontrá-las?