bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disparate Oral and Written Language Abilities in Adolescents With Cochlear Implants: Evidence From Narrative Samples
Authors: Breland Luke , Lowenstein Joanna H. , Nittrouer Susan
Published: December 2021

Purpose:

In spite of improvements in language outcomes for children with hearing loss (HL) arising from cochlear implants (CIs), these children can falter when it comes to academic achievement, especially in higher grades. Given that writing becomes increasingly relevant to educational pursuits as children progress through school, this study explored the hypothesis that one challenge facing students with CIs may be written language.

Method:

Participants were 98 eighth graders: 52 with normal hearing (NH) and 46 with severe-to-profound HL who used CIs. Oral and written narratives were elicited and analyzed for morphosyntactic complexity and global narrative features. Five additional measures were collected and analyzed as possible predictors of morphosyntactic complexity: Sentence Comprehension of Syntax, Grammaticality Judgment, Expressive Vocabulary, Forward Digit Span, and Phonological Awareness.

Results:

For oral narratives, groups performed similarly on both morphosyntactic complexity and global narrative features; for written narratives, critical differences were observed. Compared with adolescents with NH, adolescents with CIs used fewer markers of morphosyntactic complexity and scored lower on several global narrative features in their written narratives. Adolescents with NH outperformed those with CIs on all potential predictor measures, except for Sentence Comprehension of Syntax. Moderately strong relationships were found between predictor variables and individual measures of morphosyntactic complexity, but no comprehensive pattern explained the results. Measures of morphosyntactic complexity and global narrative features were not well correlated, suggesting these measures are assessing separate underlying constructs.

Conclusions:

Adolescents with CIs fail to show writing proficiency at high school entry equivalent to that of their peers with NH, which could constrain their academic achievement. Interventions for children with CIs need to target writing skills, and writing assessments should be incorporated into diagnostic assessments.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.17139059
Robust adaptive multi‐target tracking with unknown measurement and process noise covariance matrices
Authors: Gu Peng , Jing Zhongliang , Wu Liangbin
Published: December 2021

A robust adaptive probability hypothesis density (PHD) filter is proposed to address the degradation of PHD performance due to an unknown process noise and measurement noise covariance matrix. Therefore, the inverse Wishart distribution is introduced to model the prior distribution of process noise and measurement noise. Meanwhile, the multi‐target posterior intensity is approximated as a mixture of the inverse Wishart distribution and Gaussian distribution. The closed solution of the robust PHD filter is derived by the variational Bayes approach. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the Gaussian‐mixed PHD filter and the variational Bayesian PHD filter in terms of target number estimation accuracy and optimal sub‐pattern assignment distance.
Multi-scale deep learning for estimating horizontal velocity fields on the solar surface
Authors: Ishikawa Ryohtaroh T. , Nakata Motoki , Katsukawa Yukio , Masada Youhei , Riethmüller Tino L.
Published: December 2021

Context. The dynamics in the photosphere is governed by the multi-scale turbulent convection termed as granulation and supergranulation. It is important to derive three-dimensional velocity vectors to understand the nature of the turbulent convection and to evaluate the vertical Poynting flux toward the upper atmosphere. The line-of-sight component of the velocity can be obtained by observing the Doppler shifts. However, it is difficult to obtain the velocity component perpendicular to the line of sight, which corresponds to the horizontal velocity in disk center observations.

Aims. We present a new method based on a deep neural network that can estimate the horizontal velocity from the spatial and temporal variations of the intensity and vertical velocity. We suggest a new measure for examining the performance of the method.

Methods. We developed a convolutional neural network model with a multi-scale deep learning architecture. The method consists of multiple convolutional kernels with various sizes of receptive fields, and performs convolution for spatial and temporal axes. The network is trained with data from three different numerical simulations of turbulent convection. Furthermore, we introduced a novel coherence spectrum to assess the horizontal velocity fields that were derived for each spatial scale.

Results. The multi-scale deep learning method successfully predicts the horizontal velocities for each convection simulation in terms of the global correlation coefficient, which is often used to evaluate the prediction accuracy of the methods. The coherence spectrum reveals the strong dependence of the correlation coefficients on the spatial scales. Although the coherence spectra are higher than 0.9 for large-scale structures, they drastically decrease to less than 0.3 for small-scale structures, wherein the global correlation coefficient indicates a high value of approximately 0.95. By comparing the results of the three convection simulations, we determined that this decrease in the coherence spectrum occurs around the energy injection scales, which are characterized by the peak of the power spectra of the vertical velocities.

Conclusions. The accuracy for the small-scale structures is not guaranteed solely by the global correlation coefficient. To improve the accuracy on small scales, it is important to improve the loss function for enhancing the small-scale structures and to utilize other physical quantities related to the nonlinear cascade of convective eddies as input data.
The Solar ALMA Science Archive (SALSA)
Authors: Henriques Vasco M. J. , Jafarzadeh Shahin , Guevara Gómez Juan Camilo , Eklund Henrik , Wedemeyer Sven , Szydlarski Mikołaj , Haugan Stein Vidar H. , Mohan Atul
Published: December 2021

In December 2016, the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) carried out the first regular observations of the Sun. These early observations and the reduction of the respective data posed a challenge due to the novelty and complexity of observing the Sun with ALMA. The difficulties with producing science-ready, time-resolved imaging products in a format familiar to and usable by solar physicists based on the measurement sets delivered by ALMA had limited the availability of such data to this point. With the development of the Solar ALMA Pipeline, it has now become possible to routinely reduce such data sets. As a result, a growing number of science-ready solar ALMA data sets are now offered in the form of the Solar ALMA Science Archive (SALSA). So far, SALSA contains primarily time series of single-pointing interferometric images at cadences of one or two seconds, accompanied by the respective single-dish full-disc solar images. The data arrays are provided in FITS format. We also present the first version of a standardised header format that accommodates future expansions and fits within the scope of other standards including the ALMA Science Archive itself and SOLARNET. The headers include information designed to aid the reproduction of the imaging products from the raw data. Links to co-observations, if available, with a focus on those of the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph, are also provided. SALSA is accompanied by the Solar ALMA Library of Auxiliary Tools (SALAT), which contains Interactive Data Language and Python routines for convenient loading and a quick-look analysis of SALSA data.
Quality of juices from different grape cultivars obtained by distinct extraction systems
Authors: Nardello Izabel Camacho , Bender Angélica , Caliari Vinicius , Kulkamp de Souza André Luiz , Barbosa Malgarim Marcelo
Published: December 2021

The objective of the present work was to evaluate the physicochemical and sensory quality of juices from different grape cultivars resulting from two extraction methods. Juices from eight grape cultivars (‘Bordô’, ‘SCS 421 Paulina’, ‘BRS Carmem’, ‘Concord’, ‘BRS Cora’, ‘Isabel’, ‘Isabel Precoce’ and ‘BRS Violeta’) were prepared using two extraction systems: an integral suquifier; an adapted heat exchanger. Physicochemical determinations, such as soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity,ratio(relation between soluble solids and titratable acidity), reducing sugars, density, turbidity, color, total polyphenols, anthocyanins and antioxidant activity, were evaluated in the obtained juices. Sensory assessment of the juices was also carried out based on the attributes “pleasant aroma”, “unpleasant aroma”, “acidity”, “sweetness”, “balance”, “body”, “astringency” and “overall impression”. The soluble solids content was higher when the integral suquifier was used, while total acidity was lower when the adapted heat exchanger was used for ‘BRS Carmem’ and ‘BRS Violeta’ grape cultivars. The “overall impression” of the juices showed no difference between the treatments for most grape cultivars. According to the physicochemical and antioxidant activity evaluations, the integral suquifier had superior results than the adapted heat exchanger for ‘SCS 421 Paulina’, ‘BRS Carmem’, ‘Concord’ and ‘Isabel Precoce’ grape cultivars. Sensorially, the extraction methods used did not influenced the acceptance of the juices, except for ‘BRS Carmem’, which showed greater appreciation when extracted by the integral suquifier, and for ‘Bordô’, which was more appreciated when extracted by the adapted heat exchanger method.
The COVID-19 pandemic in the perspective of Indonesia’s national security
Authors: Azizah Mir’atul , Subiyanto Adi , Triutomo Sugeng , Jalu Aji Lexi
Published: December 2021

Corona Virus Diseases 2019 or COVID-19 is a global problem and become a health problem in Indonesia seriously. Currently, in Indonesia, till June 27, 2021, the number of cases has reached 2,115,304, with 57,138 deaths and 1,850,481 healing. Every day the issues of COVID-19 tend to increase. The COVID-19 pandemic affects all sectors. It is the political, economic, sociocultural, defense and security sectors. Generally, this study analyzes COVID-19 from the national security perspective, in which one of the elements is human security. This study used a qualitative research method with a descriptive analysis approach to answering COVID-19 research problems from a national security perspective. This study indicated that COVID-19 impacts national security, military, political, economic, social, environmental, and human security. The government has released the regulations that arrange the community to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. The government has issued a vaccination policy to protect the public from COVID-19. The conclusion of this study, COVID-19 affects national security, both general security, and human security. The entirety handling of COVID-19 will enhance the sense of security of each citizen, especially in terms of human security.
Analysis of the government regulations on COVID-19 pandemics in Indonesia: implementation and challenges
Authors: Hidayat Benny , Putri Ade Suzana , Ophiyandri Taufika , Istijono Bambang , Amaratunga Dilanthi , Haigh Richard , de Silva Asitha
Published: December 2021

COVID-19 started in China and then spread to other countries. The Indonesian government officially announced the first case of COVID-19 on 2nd March 2020. Previously, on 4th February, the Ministry of Health issued a Decree of the Minister of Health number HK.01.07 of 2020 regarding “Determination of Novel Coronavirus Infection (2019-Ncov Infection) as a Disease That Can Cause Outbreaks And Efforts to Overcome it”. WHO then declared COVID-19 as a pandemic on 11th March 2021. After that, the central government issued various regulations related to the handling of COVID-19. This paper aims to study the regulations issued by the Indonesian government regarding the handling of COVID-19. The research method uses a content analysis method using nVivo software. The study results show that the regulations are quantified, consisting of 30% related to social, 10% related to the budget, 25% related to health, 20% related to COVID-19 handling organizations, and 15% related to economic recovery. This paper also presents the challenges related to the implementation of these regulations
Designing blood supply policy using simulation approach
Authors: Wirdianto Eri , Ramadhani Putri , Milana
Published: December 2021

Blood transfusion is one of the critical requirements of many medical treatments. To ensure timely blood availability, the Indonesian Red Cross (Palang Merah Indonesia/PMI) has to tackle the blood supply challenges of stockouts and overdates. This research aims to develop a simulation model to determine the blood supply policy to reduce stockouts and overdates. The simulation model was developed according to the existing system at UDD PMI Padang. Simulation experiments were then attempted with some sequential scenarios and carried out on variables that affect the blood supply. The simulation result recommends the blood supply policy to reduce blood stockout and overdate at a higher service level, at conditions of the blood demand is assumed to be constant or increased.
Socio-economic resilience of Pidie Jaya to against disaster in the terms of national security
Authors: Tri Januarti Riskina , Heridadi  , Sukendro Achmed , Khoirudin Apriyadi Rio , Ruskar Dandung
Published: December 2021

Pidie Jaya (Piday) District of Aceh Province is a newly formed district in 2007. In addition to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Pidie Jaya district also experienced a series of disasters throughout 2020. Nevertheless, the Piday District Human Development Index (HDI) in 2017 exceeded the National achievement. But piday district poverty ranks 3rd in the Province. This has the potential to make the Piday district prone to disasters in addition to geographical location factors. Therefore, the existence of such gaps in this study will be discussed. This study uses qualitative methods through descriptive narrative approaches. Sources of information and data were obtained through Focus Group Decision (FGD) from several sources and studies of some literature. The results stated that the gap is due to economic development being less evenly distributed and less felt by lower-level people. This is due to low education factors and lack of capital for farmers and fishermen as the majority of workers in Piday District. The research suggests increasing community capacity and resilience by 1) Improving the quality of human resources for farmers and fishermen in the form of education and training based on improving the economy and living standards of farming communities wrapped in local wisdom; 2) Infrastructure development both facilities and infrastructure; 3) Provision of capital and ease of access in business and insurance coverage against disasters by taking into account local wisdom; 4) Empowerment of the role and involvement of local community leaders in the formulation of policies and local government institutions.
Analysis of landslide potential due to changes of land use/land cover at the Kuranji watershed, Padang using normalized difference built-up index (NDBI)
Authors: Andriani Andriani , Putra Geri Despita , Ramadhani Salsabila , Ismael  , Putra Hendri Gusti
Published: December 2021

The earthquake and tsunami predictions in the city of Padang have caused very rapid land-use changes, especially in the Kuranji watershed, where people tend to seek locations that are safe from tsunamis and liquefaction. Changes in environmental characteristics such as slope geometry conditions, vegetation density, and changes in land use will affect runoff coefficient and rainwater filtration, triggering a potential for landslides. This study aims to analyze the potential for landslides due to changes in land use in the Kuranji Watershed. The identification of land-use change is carried out using a remote sensing approach, namely the Normalized Difference Built-Up Index (NDBI). Landslide potential is determined based on the relationship between land use and runoff coefficient from 2007 to 2019. The results showed there had been an increase in the built-up area in the Kuranji watershed from 1602.212 ha (2007) to 2897.513 ha (2019). In contrast, the vegetation area has decreased. An increase in the runoff coefficient of 3.9% from 2007 to 2019. The final results of this study are thematic geospatial information obtained in the form of the relationship between changes in land use and the potential for landslides that occurred in the Kuranji watershed during the period 2007 to 2019.
Spatial model of land subsidence mitigation at lowland areas
Authors: Andriani Andriani , Novasari Hafizah , Syukur Masril , Nurul Hadie M. Shubhi
Published: December 2021

South Sumatera is one of the provinces with a large number of lowlands in Indonesia consisting of tidal land and lowland swamps, one of which is located in Tanjung Api-Api. The conversion of lowlands into built-up areas will cause physical, socio-economic, environmental, and public health impacts. One of the impacts arising from the development of settlements and infrastructure in lowland areas is land subsidence and flooding. The purpose of this research is to create a model for mitigating land subsidence in lowland areas spatially. The spatial model is carried out by weighting with Analytical Hierarchy Processes (AHP) and then mapping mitigation efforts that will be carried out based on the potential for land subsidence. The results show that if the lowland area is developed into an industrial and residential area, it will have an impact on land subsidence with a moderate to high potential level. Based on the zoning of the potential for land subsidence, the best pre-disaster mitigation efforts to do are choosing the type of construction according to the type of soil, conserving groundwater, maintaining infiltration areas and green open spaces, and regional spatial planning.
Analysis of Padang City community preparedness to face the earthquake and tsunami disaster
Authors: Syandriaji Diva , Junaidi
Published: December 2021

Padang, West Sumatra is located in the collision area of two tectonic plates, namely Indo-Australia and Eurasia. Which is marked by the presence of a tectonic earthquake center in the Mentawai islands and surroundings. Realising the high risk of disasters, the people of Padang city must be ready and prepared for the possibility of an earthquake and tsunami. To reduce the risk of disaster, the use of “self-help” and “mutual-help” parameter might be the best way to help the people to know “what should they do?” and “how can they do it?” to protect themselves from disasters. This research aims to analyse the Padang city community’s preparedness to face the Earthquake and Tsunami disaster by using “self-help” and “mutual-help” parameters. A questionnaire consisting of 20 questions was used to collect the data. The sample size of this research is 400. The data was collected from 4 different areas (Random area, Pondok area, Purus area, and Ulak Karang area). The study found that the Padang city community might not be prepared to face the earthquake and tsunami disaster in the future in terms of self-help and mutual help as most of the items mentioned in the questionnaire have not been applied. The government is urged to develop appropriate policies regarding further disaster risk reduction
Mapping the liquefaction potential index (LPI) in Ratu Agung subdistrict, Bengkulu City, Indonesia using the shear wave velocity approach
Authors: Eliesa Suhartini Ceri , Zalbuin Mase Lindung , Farid Muhammad
Published: December 2021

On the 4th of June, 2000 and 12th of September, 2007, Ratu Agung Sub-district, Indonesia experienced significant damage due to liquefaction after the earthquakes. Therefore, this study aims to determine the Liquefaction Potential Index in the area. Data of shear wave velocity (Vs) was collected using the Multichannel Analysis of Surface Wave (MASW) method. The measurement location was set up on a grid of 32 observations points with field investigations. Furthermore, Simplified Procedure and LPI methods were used to measure the soil liquefaction potential and vulnerability level. The results showed that the value of shear wave velocity in the Ratu Agung Subdistrict ranged from 102 m/s to 442 m/s. Also, the liquefaction vulnerability levels varied from high to very high categories due to the maximum soil acceleration and conditions dominated by loose sand, as well as the influence of different geological formations in the zone. In conclusion, an empirical equation was successfully proposed to analyze the liquefaction vulnerability.
Empowering community through creative economy as a disaster risk reduction strategy in Indonesia
Authors: Ratna W.D.P , Rizal Noviansyah , Riza B.S , Fauziyah  , Dimyati Muhammad
Published: December 2021

In the 21st century, the world is faced with COVID-19 global pandemic that has had wide-ranging health, social, food, and economic negative impacts throughout the world and also in Indonesia due to the cessation of the mobility of most people and economic engines. The creative empowers the community based on innovation and creativity proven and is one of the pillars of disaster risk reduction recovering the social and economic impact of COVID-19 in the community. The method used is an ethnographic approach starting from the collection of literature sources and supported by field data. The results show that the concept of the creative economy is creative ideas developed by humans supported by the use of technology to produce innovative products and cultures, having regional imagery but are globally competitive and can ultimately provide value to the national economy. Intellectual actors included are not only academics but also include industry players, pioneers, figures in the arts, culture, and sciences who have a role in providing creative ideas, innovations in the creative industry. The result is a triplex helix model in mitigating the effect of the covid19 disaster by connecting intellectuals, businesses, and the government in a creative economic structure.
Comparative analysis on digital surface model of urban area from Sentinel-1 SAR interferometry and aerial photogrammetry for disaster mitigation plan
Authors: Usman Fathoni , Nanda  , Nasmirayanti Rita , Tetuko Sri Sumantyo Josapath
Published: December 2021

This paper presents an effort to evaluate the generated digital elevation model (DEM) from an active sensor onboard satellite of Sentinel-1A and from aerial photos taken using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The objective is to compare the quality of generated DEM and review the processes for disaster mitigation and prevention plans application. The radar data acquisition used in this study is pair of SLC-type radar data. The interferogram is processed from the coherence and the phase of complex data of the pair radar imageries. Meanwhile, aerial photography was taken within the smaller urban area in Padang City. The photogrammetry process to generate the DEM was conducted using the structure from motion (SfM) technique. The quality and procedures are reviewed by comparing the DEM products with other publicly available DEM data from DEMNAS, SRTM, and AW3D. This study found that generating the DEM from Sentinel-1 interferometry SAR is a challenging process. The product is unmatched and has lower quality compared to available DEM data due to several identified factors. In contrast, high computational cost photogrammetry produced good quality DEM if sufficient ground control points (GCP) were set.
Assessment on earthquake resistance spectral design load criteria for buildings and infrastructures in Indonesia
Authors: Sengara I Wayan , Aldiamar Fahmi
Published: December 2021

General assessment on earthquake resistance spectral design load criteria for buildings and infrastructures associated with the recent development of Indonesian seismic hazard maps is presented in this paper. The assessment is directed toward general identification of their associated risks for input to policy formulation of disaster risk reduction management plans or strategies. Indonesian seismic hazard maps haveevolved for the last three decades. This is originated from an early development map before 2002, where a seismic hazard map particularly for buildings (1983) was developed adopting the early process of probabilisticseismic hazard analysis (PSHA) for 200 years return period (RP). Further, a 2002 version seismic hazard maphas been developed in the form of peak ground acceleration (PGA) for 500 years RP. Spectral design criteriafor buildings and bridges have been later developed by updating PSHA involving new seismic source zones, ground-motion predictive equations, and various earthquake RP, accommodating seismic codes for buildings(2500 years RP), for bridges (1000 years RP) and dams involving various RP up to 10,000 years RP correspond to its design level. The spectral accelerations also have included PGA, short (0.2s) period, and 1-s period. The latest update hazard maps (2017) have been developed and adopted for seismic codes for buildings, bridges, dams, and other related infrastructures. The increase in spectral design load criteria is identified to assess the general risk of existing constructions, considering the results of several recent building damage surveys. Adoption of new seismic codes based on the most recent hazard maps along with its enforcement is expected to contribute to seismic disaster risk reduction in Indonesia.
Distributed sensor for earthquake identification system to activate tsunami shelter finding system
Authors: Ichwana Putra Dody , Genia Fauzul Faiq , Ekariani Shelvi , Lioni Shilva
Published: December 2021

Padang City as the capital of West Sumatera Province is at high risk of earthquakes and tsunamis due to its location between two continental plates and the Semangko Fault. Currently, there are several shelters in Padang that serve as evacuation sites as a rescue location when a tsunami hits. This paper presents an earthquake detection system that uses distributed sensors to activate the shelter search system. The proposed system will activate the shelter search system when the earthquake has medium or high magnitude intensity. The earthquake identification system is achieved by calculating the Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) value from the p-wave and s-wave using piezoelectric and accelerometer sensors. The proposed system is a distributed node sensor placed in different shelters which communicate using MQTT protocol. To evaluate the system, system for earthquake detection using Raspberry Pi, piezoelectric sensor, accelerometer MPU-6050, and Xbee for data communication have been implemented. The result shows that the system can detect the magnitude and intensity of the earthquake.
Designing conduit sabo dam series as a debris flow protection structure
Authors: Anggun Lestari Della , Faisal Fathani Teuku , Faris Fikri , Wilopo Wahyu
Published: December 2021

A high potential area for landslides was identified upstream of the Air Beras River on Bukit Beriti Besar which was feared to generate debris flow through the Air Beras River. One of the preventive efforts that can be conducted for debris flow is the sabo dam. This study aims to design a series of conduit sabo dams and evaluate the structure stability according to SNI 2851:2015 and Technical Standards and Guidelines for Planning and Design of Sabo Structures (JICA, 2010). By using the design discharge of debris flow of 120 m3/s, the velocity of 5.06 m/s, and the inclination of the riverbed of around 6.16°, the spillway height of the Sabo Dam 1 was determined to be 3 m, while the spillway height of Sabo Dam 1 was 2 m. The Sabo Dam 1 has a height of 10 m and a width of 30 m with a total manageable volume of 49,600 m3 while the Sabo Dam 2 has a height of 10 m and a width of 45 m with a total manageable volume of 91,500 m3. The safety factors of the sabo dam in the debris flow condition were 2.14 for overturning, 1.50 for sliding, and 5.74 for bearing capacity. Based on the result, the conduit sabo dam series effectively controls the destructive power of debris flow.
The effect of land uses to change on infiltration capacity and surface runoff at latung sub watershed, Padang City Indonesia
Authors: HAR Rusli , Aprisal  , Darta Taifur Werry , Haria Aditia Putra Teguh
Published: December 2021

Changes in land use in the Air Dingin watershed (DAS) area in Padang City, Indonesia, lead to a decrease in rainwater infiltration volume to the ground. Some land use in the Latung sub-watershed decrease in infiltration capacity with an increase in surface runoff. This research aims to determine the effect of land-use changes on infiltration capacity and surface runoff. Purposive sampling method was used in this research. The infiltration capacity was measured directly in the field using a double-ring infiltrometer, and the data was processed using the Horton model. The obtained capacity was quantitatively classified using infiltration zoning. Meanwhile, the Hydrologic Engineering Center - Hydrology Modeling System with the Synthetic Unit Hydrograph- Soil Conservation Service -Curve Number method was used to analyze the runoff discharge. The results showed that from the 13 measurement points carried out, the infiltration capacity ranges from 0.082 - 0.70 cm/minute or an average of 0.398 cm/minute, while the rainwater volume is approximately 150,000 m3/hour/km2. Therefore, the soil infiltration capacity in the Latung sub-watershed is in zone VI-B or very low. This condition had an impact on changes in runoff discharge in this area, from 87.84 m3/second in 2010 to 112.8 m3/second in 2020 or a nail of 22.13%. Based on the results, it is concluded that changes in the land led to low soil infiltration capacity, thereby leading to an increase in surface runoff.
The effects of river normalization on flood risk
Authors: Nurhamidah Nurhamidah , Junaidi Ahmad , Ramadhan Haviz , Eka Putra Ronny
Published: December 2021

A river is a naturally occurring flow system that flows from upstream to downstream. Rivers have many benefits. Similarly, rivers have a negative impact if rainfall is high. It can lead to catastrophic flooding. Flooding often occurs along the central roads of Padang City when it rains, especially in the Maransi and Aie Pacah areas. The purpose of this study is to estimate the height of water level by using software HEC – RAS and estimate areas that have the potential for flooding in conditions before and after river normalization by using the software Arc-GIS. Data collection is carried out to achieve this goal, namely the maximum daily rainfall data, Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data obtained from the processing of aerial photo data, and cross-sectional data of the river. Then, a numerical simulation is performed to estimate the height of the water level, and then a numerical simulation is performed to determine the extent of the flood area. The results of this study are in the form of flood areas in conditions before and after river normalization with a period of 25, 50, and 100 years that can be used to see the effectiveness of river normalization work in the river.
Production of sweet corn milk yogurt using Lactobacillus casei
Authors: Phong Huynh Xuan , Ngoc Phan Le Bao , Thanh Nguyen Ngoc , Long Bui Hoang Dang , Truc Tran Thanh , Nhi Tran Thi Yen
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to produce a new functional fermented food product from sweet corn milk yogurt using Lactobacillus casei. The suitable conditions for lactic acid fermentation in sweet corn milk were investigated, including initial bacterial concentration, ratio of sweet corn milk and cow milk, sugar concentration, fermentation time and temperature. The results showed that the appropriate conditions for sweet corn milk yogurt production as follow: initial bacterial concentration was 106 cells/mL, fermentation time was 12 h at 37°C and sweet corn milk was fortified with cow milk at a ratio of 2:8 and 12% of sugar. The sweet corn milk yogurt was slightly yellow, smooth texture and thick body with the aroma of corn and acidic smell. The product remained acceptable taste and texture within 4 weeks at 0°C and 2 weeks at 5°C.
Hedonic test of “PURULA” product contained iron and vitamins with various flavors as food sprinkles
Authors: Aulia Hasna Rahma , Laily Noer , Wijayanti Sri Peni , Wiguna Bangkit , Royanti Ida
Published: December 2021

Anemia is a nutritional problem that threatens most adolescents in Indonesia. PURULA is the abbreviation for Peptida Unggul Rumput Laut (Seaweed Superior Peptide). PURULA is food in the form of a sprinkle that contains a premix of minerals (iron) and vitamins. Purula already been tested as a food additive in anemic adolescent girls. Giving 1-2 sachets per day can significantly increase serum ferritin levels after two weeks of use. PURULA, in terms of taste, is quite what many adolescents say PURULA is not tasty. For increasing the acceptance of PURULA, it is necessary to develop PURULA flavor variants. Observation variables for hedonic test analysis included a taste of the PURULA of each treatment to determine the PURULA product most favored by the panelists. This test used 54 semi-trained panelists from Lebak, Banten, and 43 semi-trained panelists from Maros, South Sulawesi. Data analyzed non-parametric using Kruskal Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test to examine differences with a p-value less than 0.05 (p<0.05) set as the significance limit. The most preferred flavor by girl adolescents in the hedonic test in Lebak was corn flavor. Meanwhile, the most preferred flavors by girl adolescents in the hedonic test in Maros were garlic and corn flavors.
Effects of ultrasound support and carboxymethyl cellulose on the physicochemical properties, sensory evaluation and total microbiology of cloudy juice from soursop (Annona muricata l.)
Authors: Tran Nhi Yen Thi , Tan Phat Dao , Pham Van Thinh , Thanh Truc Tran , Huynh Phong Xuan
Published: December 2021

This study investigated the influence of the carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) addition on several quality indicators of soursop juice, including pH, dissolved solids, Lab* criteria, vitamin C, total plate count (TPC) content, microbiology, and sensory qualities. The content of CMC was allowed to vary from 0.01-0.05 to 0.2% under sonication. The addition of CMC seemed to induce color changes, with total difference color (TDC) being proportionally related to CMC content. Oxidant resistance in fresh samples was 0.62 ± 0.04 mg GAE / mL and then increased at 0.05% CMC. A similar trend was also observed with the vitamin C values of the product. Visual qualities of the product were evaluated with a focus on appearance, color, and flavor with descriptive terms in a typical white liquid and odorless. Comparison with ISO quality standard indicates that the final product met with microbiological requirements.
Study on bacterial contamination in hot trend street food - milk tea
Authors: Tran Thanh , Khoi Pham Hoang , Tran Vo Minh , Phuong Tran Thi Bich , Tuyet Le Thi Hong , Thi Van Doan , Ho Loc Huu
Published: December 2021

The safety and presence of pathogenic microorganisms in street foods are attracting special attention from consumers. Milk tea (bubble tea) is a hot trend that is most popular among young people in street food in Southeast Asia. In this study, the method of surveying and quantifyingEcoli - Coliformin milk tea samples was combined to assess microbial contamination status and assess the opinion of students. Initial results show the existence of pathogenic microorganisms Ecoli and Coliform in milk tea with the significantly different level of contamination between milk tea with the well-known brand (brand name) and no brand name (no brand name). The survey results show that consumers and students, in particular, have a very high level of spending on milk tea and are very concerned about food safety and hygiene in milk tea. However, the information and understanding on food safety and foodborne pathogens are minimal.
Biochemical analysis of ginger-infused water with a combination of lemon and mint leaves
Authors: Sepriani Rika , Deswandi
Published: December 2021

Infused water is a beverage made possible by the incorporation of fruit or herbs into the water. The purpose of this study is to determine the antioxidant activity, vitamin C content, and pH value of ginger-infused water with lemon and mint leaves. This study used three ginger varieties: red ginger, small (emprit) ginger, and elephant ginger, with immersion times of 6, 9, and 12 hours. The DPPH method was used to determine antioxidant activity, and UV-Vis spectrometry was used to determine vitamin C levels. A pH meter was used to determine the degree of acidity (pH). According to the study’s findings, red ginger had the highest antioxidant activity at 12 hours of immersion by 89 percent. At 72.44 ppm immersion for 12 hours, the highest levels of vitamin C were found in infused water with small (emprit) ginger and a combination of lemon and mint leaves. Red ginger with a combination of lemon and mint leaves had the lowest pH, with a value of 3.48 after 12 hours of immersion. Research shows the biochemical content of infused water that is often used in society, especially ginger infused water combined with lemon and mint leaves.
Effect of kweni mango juice addition and percentage of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) on the physicochemical characteristics of watermelon albedo fruitghurt
Authors: Tasya Nurhaliza Putri , Masniary Lubis Linda , Lubis Zulkifli
Published: December 2021

This research was conducted to determine the effect of kweni mango juice addition and percentage of Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) on the physicochemical characteristics of watermelon albedo fruitghurt. The research used completely randomized design with two factors, i.e the addition of kweni mango juice (12.5%, 15.0%, 17.5%) and percentage of Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) (0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7%). The results showed that kweni mango juice addition and percentage of Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) had highly significant effect on ash content, vitamin C content, total lactic acid bacteria, and viscosity. The addition of kweni mango of 17.5% and 0.7% of Carboxymethyl Cellulose was the best treatment, based on the parameters of ash content, vitamin C content, total lactic acid bacteria, and viscosity. The antioxidant activity of fruitghurt with the best physicochemical characteristics was analyzed. The results showed that it was 75.15 µg/mL.
Electrostatic–magnetic hybrid ion acceleration for high-thrust-density operation
Authors: Ichihara D. , Nakano R. , Nakamura Y. , Kinefuchi K. , Sasoh A.
Published: December 2021

To achieve high-thrust-density operation, we propose electrostatic–magnetic hybrid ion acceleration in which the empirical thrust density limit of the electrostatic acceleration is surpassed without violent plasma oscillation by combing the collisional momentum transfer mechanism, which is the ion acceleration mechanism of the electromagnetic acceleration. To achieve hybrid ion acceleration, we experimentally obtained two design criteria: one near anode propellant injection and another at the on-axis hollow cathode location. The thrust characteristics of three thrusters composed of a slowly diverging magnetic field between an on-axis hollow cathode and a coaxially set ring anode were examined. By injecting xenon propellant along the anode inner surface, the electron impact ionization process was enhanced, and generated ions are electrostatically accelerated through the radial-inward potential gradient perpendicular to the axial magnetic lines of force. The hybrid ion acceleration characteristics were obtained only if these two criteria were satisfied and the obtained thrust was consistent with the thrust formula derived for steady-state, quasi-neutral plasma flows. In addition to the criteria, strengthening the magnetic field and enhancing the propellant mass flux were effective for improving thrust density without deteriorating thrust efficiency. Among the experimental conditions in this study, the maximum thrust density was 70 N/m2 with an anode specific impulse of 1200 s, which cannot be achieved in a purely electrostatic thruster with thrust density 6.3 times than that of a typical Hall thruster.
Large-scale, single-oriented ZnO nanostructure on h-BN films for flexible inorganic UV sensors
Authors: Oh Hongseok , Tchoe Youngbin , Kim Heehun , Yun Jiyoung , Park Mingi , Kim Seongjun , Lim Young-Soo , Kim Hanjoon , Jang Woosung , Hwang Jaeyong , Song Yeda , Koh Juntae , Yi Gyu-Chul
Published: December 2021

We report the growth of large-scale, single-oriented zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowall networks on epitaxial hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) films and their application to flexible inorganic ultraviolet (UV) light sensors. Using catalyst-free metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy, ZnO nanowall networks with good vertical alignment are grown on epitaxial h-BN films. The single-oriented crystal structure of the ZnO nanostructures on h-BN is investigated using x-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, and the heteroepitaxial relationship between ZnO and h-BN is revealed through synchrotron radiation XRD. Interestingly, when utilizing the grown ZnO nanostructure as a channel for UV sensors, better performance merits such as a high IUV/Idark ratio, faster recovery time, and low dark current are achieved if h-BN is employed as a growth template. As an example of inorganic flexible optoelectronic device applications, flexible UV sensors are fabricated using ZnO/h-BN heterostructures owing to the insulating and transferrable nature of h-BN substrates. The sensor maintained an excellent performance, even under highly bent conditions.
Flexible boundary layer using exchange for embedding theories. I. Theory and implementation
Authors: Shen Zhuofan , Glover William J.
Published: December 2021

Embedding theory is a powerful computational chemistry approach to exploring the electronic structure and dynamics of complex systems, with Quantum Mechanical/Molecular Mechanics (QM/MM) being the prime example. A challenge arises when trying to apply embedding methodology to systems with diffusible particles, e.g., solvents, if some of them must be included in the QM region, for example, in the description of solvent-supported electronic states or reactions involving proton transfer or charge-transfer-to-solvent: without a special treatment, inter-diffusion of QM and MM particles will eventually lead to a loss of QM/MM separation. We have developed a new method called Flexible Boundary Layer using Exchange (FlexiBLE) that solves the problem by adding a biasing potential to the system that closely maintains QM/MM separation. The method rigorously preserves ensemble averages by leveraging their invariance to an exchange of identical particles. With a careful choice of the biasing potential and the use of a tree algorithm to include only important QM and MM exchanges, we find that the method has an MM-forcefield-like computational cost and thus adds negligible overhead to a QM/MM simulation. Furthermore, we show that molecular dynamics with the FlexiBLE bias conserves total energy, and remarkably, sub-diffusional dynamical quantities in the inner QM region are unaffected by the applied bias. FlexiBLE thus widens the range of chemistry that can be studied with embedding theory.
High-power single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers using strain-controlled disorder-defined apertures
Authors: Su Patrick , Pikul Kevin P. , Kraman Mark D. , Dallesasse John M.
Published: December 2021

Strain-engineered diffusion masks deposited via plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition are demonstrated to control the curvature of the zinc diffusion front and, hence, disordering front, in disorder-defined vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) for enhanced high-power single-mode operation. Tensilely strained silicon nitride diffusion masks are applied to limit the lateral undercut of the disordering front, thereby minimizing the interaction between the disordered region of the distributed Bragg reflector and the fundamental mode. This results in higher threshold modal gain and absorption losses from the disordered region for higher-order modes while enabling greater output powers for fundamental-mode operation in single-mode impurity-induced disordered VCSEL designs. Using this technique, 850 nm AlGaAs VCSELs are shown to operate in a single fundamental mode with record optical output powers in excess of 10 mW and side-mode suppression ratios greater than 35 dB. Electrical and optical performances of these devices are presented in addition to near-field images confirming single-fundamental-mode lasing.
Modeling of three-phase displacement in three-dimensional irregular geometries using a lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Li Sheng , Liu Haihu , Zhang Jinggang , Jiang Fei , Xi Guang
Published: December 2021

Three-phase displacement process in a porous media is significantly influenced by wettability of the solid surfaces. It remains a research challenge to model and simulate three-phase flows with moving contact lines, especially on arbitrary complex three-dimensional surfaces. We propose a color-gradient lattice Boltzmann model to simulate immiscible three-phase flows with contact-line dynamics. Unlike the previous models in dealing with wettability through assigning virtual mass fractions to the solid surfaces, the present model realizes the prescribed contact angles by correcting the orientation of the color-gradient parameter at the solid surfaces. We first validate this model against analytical solutions by simulating several typical cases, including a Janus droplet deposited on a flat surface and on a spherical surface, and the spontaneous imbibition of ternary fluids in a cylindrical tube. We then use it to study the displacement of residual oil during tertiary gas injection process. To mimic this process, gas is injected into a simple pore-throat connecting structure after water flooding. Results show that in displacement process, an oil spreading layer forms, which changes the oil flow state from adhering to the bottom wall to spreading over the entire interface between gas and water. Therefore, residual oil can be easily recovered in the form of gas-to-oil-to-water double displacement chain, leading to a high oil recovery regardless of the wetting properties of the solid surface. In the cases without the presence of oil spreading layer, increasing capillary number favors the oil recovery under certain wetting conditions only.
Numerical investigation on electrohydrodynamic conduction pumping with an external flow
Authors: Du Zhonglin , Huang Junyu , Liu Qiang , Deepak Selvakumar R. , Wu Jian
Published: December 2021

As an advanced flow control and generation technology, electrohydrodynamic (EHD) pumping has received extensive attention in recent years. EHD conduction pumping is a type of EHD pumping that makes use of electric Coulomb force produced by an applied electric field and heterocharge layers formed near the electrodes in dielectric liquids. In this paper, we numerically investigated the flow characteristics of EHD conduction pumping with an external flow. A two-dimensional flushed electrode configuration with the external flow was considered. The coupled series of governing equations, which includes the charge conservation equations and the Poisson equation for the electric potential, are integrated into the finite-volume framework of the open-source OpenFOAM. The effects of external flow's strength and flow direction on the heterocharge layers and the flow field are investigated. The strength of external flow is shown by the Reynolds number varying between 0 and 40. It is found that with the strong external flow, the structure of heterocharge layers is seriously deformed toward the downstream. In addition, the maximum velocity generated in the flow field of the co-current flow is greater than that of the countercurrent flow.