bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermospheric Density Perturbations Produced by Traveling Atmospheric Disturbances During August 2005 Storm
Authors: Pham K. H. , Zhang B. , Sorathia K. , Dang T. , Wang W. , Merkin V. , Liu H. , Lin D. , Wiltberger M. , Lei J. , Bao S. , Garretson J. , Toffoletto F. , Michael A. , Lyon J.
Published: February 2022

Thermospheric mass density perturbations are commonly observed during geomagnetic storms and fundamental to upper atmosphere dynamics, but the sources of these perturbations are not well understood. Large neutral density perturbations during storms greatly affect the drag experienced by low Earth orbit. We investigated the thermospheric density perturbations at all latitudes observed along the CHAMP and GRACE satellite trajectories during the August 24–25, 2005 geomagnetic storm. Observations show that large neutral density enhancements occurred not only at high latitudes, but also globally. Large density perturbations were seen in the equatorial regions away from the high‐latitude, magnetospheric energy sources. We used the high‐resolution Multiscale Atmosphere Geospace Environment (MAGE) model to simulate consecutive neutral density changes observed by satellites during the storm. The MAGE simulation, which resolved mesoscale high‐latitude convection electric fields and field‐aligned currents, and included physics‐based specification of auroral precipitation, was contrasted with a standalone ionosphere‐thermosphere simulation driven by a high‐latitude electrodynamics empirical model. The comparison demonstrates that first‐principles representations of highly dynamic and localized Joule heating events in a fully coupled whole geospace model is critical to accurately capture both generation and propagation of traveling atmospheric disturbances (TADs) that produce neutral density perturbations globally. The MAGE simulation shows that larger density peaks in the equatorial region observed by CHAMP and GRACE are the result of TADs generated at high‐latitudes in both hemispheres, and intersect at low‐latitudes. This study reveals the importance of investigating thermospheric density variations at all latitudes in a fully coupled geospace model with sufficiently high resolving power.
A Comparison of the Midlatitude Nickel and Sodium Layers in the Mesosphere: Observations and Modeling
Authors: Jiao Jing , Feng Wuhu , Wu Fang , Wu Fuju , Zheng Haoran , Du Lifang , Yang Guotao , Plane John
Published: February 2022

A dual‐wavelength resonance fluorescence lidar facility, operating at 341 and 589 nm, was used to observe simultaneously the Ni and Na layers in the upper atmosphere over Yanqing station, Beijing (40.41°N, 116.01°E). Lidar measurements were performed on 126 nights (1090 hr in total) from April 2019 to March 2020 and April 2021 to August 2021, so that the full seasonal cycle of the Ni layer was observed for the first time. The Ni and Na layers exhibit a similar annual cycle, increasing by a factor of ∼3 from a mid‐summer minimum to a midwinter maximum. The annual mean column densities of Ni and Na are 3.1 × 108 and 2.5 × 109 cm−2, respectively, giving a mean Na:Ni ratio of 8.1, which is significantly larger than their CI chondritic ratio of 1.2. This is explained by the more efficient ablation of Na from cosmic dust particles by a factor of 3, and the more rapid neutralization of Na+ between 90 and 100 km, where the measured Na+:Ni+ ratio is only 2.2. The Ni layer peak occurs around 84 km, 8 km below that of Na. These features are simulated satisfactorily by the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) and are explained by significant differences in the neutral chemistry of the two metals below 90 km and their ion‐molecule chemistry between 90 and 100 km.
Modeling and measuring glucose diffusion and consumption by colorectal cancer spheroids in hanging drops using integrated biosensors
Authors: Rousset Nassim , Sandoval Rubén López , Modena Mario Matteo , Hierlemann Andreas , Misun Patrick M.
Published: February 2022

As 3D in vitro tissue models become more pervasive, their built-in nutrient, metabolite, compound, and waste gradients increase biological relevance at the cost of analysis simplicity. Investigating these gradients and the resulting metabolic heterogeneity requires invasive and time-consuming methods. An alternative is using electrochemical biosensors and measuring concentrations around the tissue model to obtain size-dependent metabolism data. With our hanging-drop-integrated enzymatic glucose biosensors, we conducted current measurements within hanging-drop compartments hosting spheroids formed from the human colorectal carcinoma cell line HCT116. We developed a physics-based mathematical model of analyte consumption and transport, considering (1) diffusion and enzymatic conversion of glucose to form hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by the glucose-oxidase-based hydrogel functionalization of our biosensors at the microscale; (2) H2O2 oxidation at the electrode surface, leading to amperometric H2O2 readout; (3) glucose diffusion and glucose consumption by cancer cells in a spherical tissue model at the microscale; (4) glucose and H2O2 transport in our hanging-drop compartments at the macroscale; and (5) solvent evaporation, leading to glucose and H2O2 upconcentration. Our model relates the measured currents to the glucose concentrations generating the currents. The low limit of detection of our biosensors (0.4 ± 0.1 μM), combined with our current-fitting method, enabled us to reveal glucose dynamics within our system. By measuring glucose dynamics in hanging-drop compartments populated by cancer spheroids of various sizes, we could infer glucose distributions within the spheroid, which will help translate in vitro 3D tissue model results to in vivo.
Innovative method for CO2 fixation and storage
Authors: Sorimachi Kenji
Published: February 2022

The concentration of CO2 in Earth’s atmosphere has been gradually increasing since the Industrial Revolution, primarily as a result of the use of fossil fuels as energy sources. Although coal and oil have been vital to the development of modern civilization, it is now recognized that atmospheric CO2 levels must be reduced to avoid the serious effects of climate change, including natural disasters. Consequently, there is currently significant interest in developing suitable methods for the fixation of CO2 in the air and in exhaust gases. The present work demonstrates a simple yet innovative approach to the chemical fixation of extremely low and very high CO2 concentrations in air, such as might result from industrial sources. This process is based on the use of aqueous solutions of the water-soluble compounds NaOH and CaCl2, which react with CO2 to produce the harmless solids CaCO3 (limestone) and NaCl (salt) via intermediates such as NaHCO3 and Na2CO3. The NaCl generated in this process can be converted back to NaOH via electrolysis, during which H2 (which can be used as a clean energy source) and Cl2 are produced simultaneously. Additionally, sea water contains both NaCl and CaCl2 and so could provide a ready supply of these two compounds. This system provides a safe, inexpensive approach to simultaneous CO2 fixation and storage.
Volumetric lattice Boltzmann method for wall stresses of image-based pulsatile flows
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Gomez-Paz Joan , Chen Xi , McDonough J. M. , Islam Md Mahfuzul , Andreopoulos Yiannis , Zhu Luoding , Yu Huidan
Published: February 2022

Image-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has become a new capability for determining wall stresses of pulsatile flows. However, a computational platform that directly connects image information to pulsatile wall stresses is lacking. Prevailing methods rely on manual crafting of a hodgepodge of multidisciplinary software packages, which is usually laborious and error-prone. We present a new computational platform, to compute wall stresses in image-based pulsatile flows using the volumetric lattice Boltzmann method (VLBM). The novelty includes: (1) a unique image processing to extract flow domain and local wall normality, (2) a seamless connection between image extraction and VLBM, (3) an en-route calculation of strain-rate tensor, and (4) GPU acceleration (not included here). We first generalize the streaming operation in the VLBM and then conduct application studies to demonstrate its reliability and applicability. A benchmark study is for laminar and turbulent pulsatile flows in an image-based pipe (Reynolds number: 10 to 5000). The computed pulsatile velocity and shear stress are in good agreements with Womersley's analytical solutions for laminar pulsatile flows and concurrent laboratory measurements for turbulent pulsatile flows. An application study is to quantify the pulsatile hemodynamics in image-based human vertebral and carotid arteries including velocity vector, pressure, and wall-shear stress. The computed velocity vector fields are in reasonably well agreement with MRA (magnetic resonance angiography) measured ones. This computational platform is good for image-based CFD with medical applications and pore-scale porous media flows in various natural and engineering systems.
Ontogenetic variation in the skull of Stenopterygius quadriscissus with an emphasis on prenatal development
Authors: Miedema Feiko , Maxwell Erin E.
Published: February 2022

The availability of a large sample size from a range of ontogenetic stages makes Stenopterygius quadriscissus a good model to study ontogenetic variation in a fossil sauropsid. We qualitatively examined pre- and postnatal ontogenetic changes in the cranium of S. quadriscissus. The prenatal ossification sequence is similar to other diapsids, exhibiting delayed chondrocranial ossification compared to the dermatocranium. In the dermatocranium, the circumorbital area is more ossified earlier in development relative to other elements, especially those of the skull roof where ossification is comparatively weaker across prenatal stages. Perinatally all cranial elements are ossified, and many scarf and step joints are already closed. We propose four prenatal and three postnatal stages in S. quadriscissus on the basis of relative ossification, size and qualitative cranial characters pertaining to the jugal, parietal, frontal, pterygoid and surangular. These will provide a basis for determining ontogenetic stages in other ichthyosaurs. Moreover, our postnatal observations aid in refining ontogenetic characters for phylogenetic studies. Lastly, we observed that the antimeric sutures of the midline of the skull roof are open perinatally and that fusion of the midline only appears in the adult stage. We hypothesize that the loose connection of the midline functions as a fontanelle, limiting potential damage during birth.
Layer thickness prediction and tissue classification in two-layered tissue structures using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy
Authors: Geldof Freija , Dashtbozorg Behdad , Hendriks Benno H. W. , Sterenborg Henricus J. C. M. , Ruers Theo J. M.
Published: February 2022

During oncological surgery, it can be challenging to identify the tumor and establish adequate resection margins. This study proposes a new two-layer approach in which diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is used to predict the top layer thickness and classify the layers in two-layered phantom and animal tissue. Using wavelet-based and peak-based DRS spectral features, the proposed method could predict the top layer thickness with an accuracy of up to 0.35 mm. In addition, the tissue types of the first and second layers were classified with an accuracy of 0.95 and 0.99. Distinguishing multiple tissue layers during spectral analyses results in a better understanding of more complex tissue structures encountered in surgical practice.
Cryogenic origin of fractionation between perchlorate and chloride under modern martian climate
Authors: Li Dongdong , Zhao Yu-Yan Sara , Meslin Pierre-Yves , Vals Margaux , Forget François , Wu Zhongchen
Published: February 2022

The high perchlorate (ClO4−) to chloride (Cl−) ratios observed at the Phoenix landing site, northern polar region of Mars, have been puzzling since detection. However, a lack of understanding of perchlorate-chloride-water systems under cryogenic conditions makes it difficult to assess ClO4−/Cl− ratios during deliquescence-related processes. Here we quantitatively evaluate ClO4−/Cl− fractionation in deliquescence-induced brines of magnesium- and calcium-perchlorate-chloride salt mixtures under subzero conditions, by measuring solubility data and constructing temperature-dependent thermodynamic models. We find that under specific relative humidity (RH) and temperature (T) conditions, deliquescence of perchlorate-chloride mixtures may form brines with fractionated ClO4−/Cl− signatures. Appropriate RH-T, water-limited conditions, and aeolian processes are required to produce and preserve the elevated ClO4−/Cl− signatures in soils. Under the present climate, the north polar region can support ClO4−/Cl− fractionation and potentially enrich perchlorate for longer periods on global Mars. This highlights the uniqueness of Mars’ arctic environment and its implications for modern habitability.
Viral tag and grow: a scalable approach to capture and characterize infectious virus–host pairs
Authors: Jang Ho Bin , Chittick Lauren , Li Yueh-Fen , Zablocki Olivier , Sanderson Courtney M , Carrillo Alfonso , van den Engh Ger , Sullivan Matthew B
Published: February 2022

Viral metagenomics (viromics) has reshaped our understanding of DNA viral diversity, ecology, and evolution across Earth’s ecosystems. However, viromics now needs approaches to link newly discovered viruses to their host cells and characterize them at scale. This study adapts one such method, sequencing-enabled viral tagging (VT), to establish “Viral Tag and Grow” (VT + Grow) to rapidly capture and characterize viruses that infect a cultivated target bacterium, Pseudoalteromonas. First, baseline cytometric and microscopy data improved understanding of how infection conditions and host physiology impact populations in VT flow cytograms. Next, we extensively evaluated “and grow” capability to assess where VT signals reflect adsorption alone or wholly successful infections that lead to lysis. Third, we applied VT + Grow to a clonal virus stock, which, coupled to traditional plaque assays, revealed significant variability in burst size—findings that hint at a viral “individuality” parallel to the microbial phenotypic heterogeneity literature. Finally, we established a live protocol for public comment and improvement via protocols.io to maximally empower the research community. Together these efforts provide a robust foundation for VT researchers, and establish VT + Grow as a promising scalable technology to capture and characterize viruses from mixed community source samples that infect cultivable bacteria.
Changes in the skin microbiome associated with squamous cell carcinoma in transplant recipients
Authors: Krueger Annika , Zaugg Julian , Lachner Nancy , Bialasiewicz Seweryn , Lin Lynlee L , Gabizon Sharon , Sobarun Priyamvada , Morrison Mark , Soyer H Peter , Hugenholtz Philip , Frazer Ian H
Published: February 2022

Actinic keratoses (AK) arise in severely photo-damaged skin and can progress to squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). AK and SCC are common in Caucasian populations, and immunosuppressed individuals have a markedly higher risk of developing SCC. An overabundance of Staphylococcus aureus has been reported in AK and SCC lesions of immunocompetent individuals, however, the AK/SCC microbiome in immunosuppressed cohorts has not been investigated. Here, the microbial profile and bacterial load of AK, SCC and control skin swabs from 32 immunosuppressed organ transplant recipients were characterised via SSU rRNA gene sequencing and qPCR, and compared to a previously described immunocompetent cohort. Although the taxonomic composition of skin swab samples was mostly subject-specific, significant differences were observed between control skin, AK, and SCC in both cohorts. Surface bacterial load was increased and alpha diversity decreased in AK and SCC compared to control skin due to an increased abundance of Staphylococcus species and relative decrease of skin commensals. Staphylococcus epidermidis predominated on SCC from transplant recipients in contrast to SCC of immunocompetent subjects dominated by S. aureus. In conclusion, AK and SCC of immunosuppressed and immunocompetent subjects present with distinctive microbial dysbioses, which may be relevant to SCC pathogenesis and progression.
Development of magnetocaloric coordination polymers for low temperature cooling
Authors: Falsaperna Mario , Saines Paul J.
Published: February 2022

Coordination polymers offer excellent performance as magnetocalorics for cryogenic cooling. Herein the most promising frameworks and trends within are reviewed.
Modification of metallic and non-metallic sites in pentasupertetrahedral chalcogenidometalate clusters for third-order nonlinear optical response
Authors: Luo Ming-Bu , Cao Qian-Wen , Huang Shan-Lin , Lai Heng-Dong , Zhou Xuechou , Lin Qipu
Published: February 2022

Four isostructural P2 chalcogenide clusters have been isolated via mixed-metal strategy. The continuous-regulation of optical limiting performance have been realized through precise controlled substitution of cations and anions.
Visible-light-promoted trifluoromethylselenolation of ortho-hydroxyarylenaminones
Authors: Lu Linghui , Zhao Xiongjie , Dessie Wubliker , Xia Xianwu , Duan Xiangjia , He Jun , Wang Rui , Liu Yu , Wu Chao
Published: February 2022

Visible-light photocatalytic trifluoromethylselenolation of ortho-hydroxyarylenaminones is reported, which provides a green protocol for the efficient and rapid synthesis of trifluoromethylselenylated chromones.
Operando observation of CO2 transport intermediates in polyvinylamine facilitated transport membranes, and the role of water in the formation of intermediates, using transmission FTIR spectroscopy
Authors: Pate Sarah G. , Xu Hui , O'Brien Casey P.
Published: February 2022

Operando transmission FTIR spectroscopy of amine-functionalized polymer membranes reveals molecular level details of CO2 facilitated transport mechanisms, and the role of water in the transport mechanism.
A strongly twisted SiSi bond with resemblance to a buckled dimer in an unexpected isomer of hexasilabenzene
Authors: Helmer Joschua , Hepp Alexander , Lips Felicitas
Published: February 2022

The reductive debromination of {N(SiMe3)Ph}SiBr31 with Rieke magnesium yields the six-vertex amido-substituted silicon cluster 2 with zwitterionic character that represents an unprecedented isomer of hexasilabenzene.
Dynamics of small molecules within the F127 PEO–PPO–PEO triblock copolymer gel and sol phases studied at the molecular scale
Authors: Thomas Suma S. , Hosseini-Nejad Helia , Bohne Cornelia
Published: February 2022

The dynamics of guests bound to different F127 micellar sites are different at the molecular scale in sols or gels.
Native Language and Second Language Convergence and Second Language Instruction Shape Speech-Language Performance in Adult Learners
Authors: Blumenfeld Henrike K. , Sanabria Ashley Adams , Nip Ignatius S. B.
Published: February 2022

Purpose:

We examined native language (L1) and second language (L2) convergence of underlying skills in adult L2 learners as well as the contribution of instructional L2 level on L2 attainment across speech motor, lexical, and narrative levels.

Method:

Thirty-four adult Spanish L2 learners who had completed at least 1 year of college Spanish participated in this preliminary study. Learners were tested at the speech motor, lexical, and narrative levels in their L1 (English) and L2 (Spanish). L1–L2 convergence was indexed by associative links between corresponding L1 and L2 skills. In regression analyses, the level of Spanish instruction at the time of the study was also considered as a predictor of L2 attainment across speech motor, lexical, and narrative levels.

Results:

L1–L2 convergence was identified for some speech motor skills (distance, maximum speed) and for lexical skills but was limited for other speech motor skills (duration, spatiotemporal index) and for narrative measures. Furthermore, lexical and narrative measures, but not speech motor measures, showed improvements with Spanish (L2) instruction.

Conclusions:

L1–L2 convergence and instructional level are predictors of L2 performance in adult language learners. These factors play somewhat different roles across speech motor, lexical, and narrative levels, warranting further “all-system” research across processing and proficiency levels.
Dense sampling and detail enhancement network: Improved small object detection based on dense sampling and detail enhancement
Authors: Qin Hong , Wu Yirong , Dong Fangmin , Sun Shuifa
Published: February 2022

Small objects only occupy a few pixels in an image, which results in low performance of small object detection for existing object detection algorithms. Therefore, the authors propose a dense sampling and detail enhancement network (DSDE‐Net) to address this issue. The network contains a dense sampling module used to increase the resolution of feature maps and expand the receptive field, which includes an atrous spatial pyramid pooling network and a coordinate attention mechanism to systematically process feature maps. Simultaneously, the authors introduce a detail enhancement branch that contains edge and detailed information to generate detailed enhancement feature maps through Gaussian filtering to compensate for the loss of small object information that occurs in the feature extraction process. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed network outperformed related methods. Compared with the state‐of‐the‐art algorithm DetectoRS, it effectively achieves approximately 4.6% improvement on the minicoco2021 dataset and 4.2% improvement on the remotely sensed dataset VisDrone.
Understanding and modeling finger vascular pattern imaging
Authors: Normakristagaluh Pesigrihastamadya , Laanstra Geert Jan , Spreeuwers Luuk , Veldhuis Raymond
Published: February 2022

In this paper, new insights in the near infrared imaging process used in finger‐vein recognition by developing a physical model are presented. A realistic phantom finger that mimics the living human finger and also includes veins has been developed to validate this model. NIR phantom finger images show that the phantom can emulate the optical properties of a living human finger and can provide ground truth for the locations of the veins. Through physical modeling, it is particularly learned that—besides blood and soft tissue—bone also plays an important role in generating reliable NIR finger‐vein images.
DC‐link capacitor current observation based stability enhancement control for back‐to‐back converter
Authors: Jiang Yuxia , Tian Yanjun , Li Yonggang
Published: February 2022

This article presents a stability enhancement control scheme applied in the three‐phase back‐to‐back (BTB) converters with L filter. The stability enhancement control scheme is concocted using the feedback of DC‐link capacitor current without additional sensors. Both grid‐side converters are equipped with this control scheme, which can also be called the coordinated compensation control scheme. In this article, DC terminal impedance models of two converters before and after optimization and stability criterion are introduced. Furthermore, means of impedance analysis, including Bode plot and Nyquist curve, are discussed to categorize the causes of BTB converter instability caused by the increased power. The coordinated scheme is compared with the conventional scheme for revealing the theoretical basis. The proposed method is capable of optimizing the disturbance suppression capability of DC‐link voltage, which would potentially reduce capacitor volume and physical size of the DC‐link. The impedance‐based stability analysis indicates that the controllability and stability of the BTB converter is enhanced with the proposed DC‐link capacitor current coordinated control. Furthermore, the proposed control scheme is implemented in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. Moreover, for further validation, the feasibility of the coordinated control scheme is verified with the experimental results.
Hierarchical coordinated adaptive droop control for hybrid HVDC with cascaded multi‐infeed MMC inverters
Authors: Zhao Jingbo , Tao Yan
Published: February 2022

The hybrid HVDC with cascaded multi‐infeed MMC inverters will be put into reality soon in China, but its MMC inverter in constant DC voltage control would become a rectifier when disturbance happens. Thus, to solve such problem and enhance the stabilities, the adaptive droop control is proposed for MMC inverters and a hierarchical coordinated adaptive strategy is designed, which are realized through three parts. The first coordinated strategy is to maintain the inverter side DC voltage in constant by shifting the MMC inverters’ droop curves, such that the operation variation will not change the DC voltage in droop control, where the power transferred by the hybrid HVDC would be varied if voltage deviation occurs; the second part is to realize MMC inverters’ accurate power control considering the practical project and power dispatch, which is achieved through the droop control reference adjustment. Based on the above coordinated strategies, the third strategy is designed to make MMC inverters and LCC rectifiers coordinate with each other for the power fluctuates and fault situations, which is used to avoid inverters’ overload operation. The simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy finally.
Virtual oscillator‐based methods for grid‐forming inverter control: A review
Authors: Azizi Aghdam Sima , Agamy Mohammed
Published: February 2022

In inverter‐dominant power systems, grid‐forming (GFM) inverters regulate voltage and frequency. To construct GFM inverters, conventionally, various control methods based on synchronous machine emulation or droop characteristics have been employed. However, recently, inverters are regulated by Virtual Oscillator Control (VOC) to emulate the dynamics of a weakly nonlinear oscillators. In contrast to droop control, VOC is a time‐domain controller that enables interconnected inverters to stabilize arbitrary initial conditions to a synchronized sinusoidal limit cycle rapidly. The fast synchronization, accurate power sharing in grid‐connected and islanded modes, simple and robust implementation make it a promising candidate for inverter‐dominant power systems. Moreover, VOC removes the computational burden within machine emulation‐based methods and provides an approach to measure the frequency without employing phase‐locked loop (PLL). Hence, to leverage the advantages of this method and expand its application in power system control, this paper reviews different VOC implementations. Mainly, this paper focuses on the studies related to the fundamental theory of oscillators and design process. Additionally, there are discussions on the stability analysis of VOC‐based systems, harmonics and pre‐synchronization. Challenges on the compatibility with heterogeneous controllers, fault ride‐through and other limitations of VOC including non‐inertial response and coupled power control are investigated and solutions are outlined.
Stabilization and approximate null-controllability for a large class of diffusive equations from thick control supports
Authors: Alphonse Paul , Martin Jérémy
Published: February 2022

We prove that the thickness property is a necessary and sufficient geometric condition that ensures the (rapid) stabilization or the approximate null-controllability with uniform cost of a large class of evolution equations posed on the whole space ℝn. These equations are associated with operators of the formF(|Dx|), the functionF: [0, + ∞) → ℝ being continuous and bounded from below. We also provide explicit feedbacks and constants associated with these stabilization properties. The notion of thickness is known to be a necessary and sufficient condition for the exact null-controllability of the fractional heat equations associated with the functionsF(t) =t2sin the cases> 1∕2. Our results apply in particular for this class of equations, but also for the half heat equation associated with the functionF(t) =t, which is the most diffusive fractional heat equation for which exact null-controllability is known to fail from general thick control supports.
Updates on Flavor Production from STAR
Authors: Radhakrishnan Sooraj
Published: February 2022

In these proceedings, some of the latest results from the STAR experiment on heavy, strange and light flavor hadron production and their flow are summarized. Over the years STAR has collected heavy ion collision data over a wide range of collision energies from √SNN = 200 GeV down to √SNN = 3 GeV. In high energy heavy ion collisions, heavy flavor hadrons are a valuable probe to study properties of the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) created in these collisions. Measurements of strange and light flavor hadrons at lower collision energies help understand the properties of the QCD matter at finite baryon densities and the phase structure of the QCD matter. Furthermore, the high statistics data collected at √SNN = 3 GeV allows measurements of hypernuclei production and flow, which can provide insights into the hyperon - nucleon interactions and hyperon contribution to the nuclear equation of state.
Bottomonium suppression and flow in heavy-ion collisions
Authors: Strickland Michael
Published: February 2022

The strong suppression of bottomonia production in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions is a smoking gun for the creation of a deconfined quarkgluon plasma (QGP). In this proceedings contribution, I review recent work that aims to provide a more comprehensive and systematic understanding of bottomonium dynamics in the QGP through the use of pNRQCD and an open quantum systems approach. This approach allows one to evolve the heavyquarkonium reduced density matrix, taking into account non-unitary effective Hamiltonian evolution of the wave-function and quantum jumps between different angular momentum and color states. In the case of a strong coupled QGP in which Ebind ≪ T, mD ≪ 1=a0, the corresponding evolution equation is Markovian and can therefore be mapped to a Lindblad evolution equation. To solve the resulting Lindblad equation, we make use of a stochastic unraveling called the quantum trajectories algorithm and couple the non-abelian quantum evolution to a realistic 3+1D viscous hydrodynamical background. Using a large number of Monte-Carlo sampled bottomonium trajectories, we make predictions for bottomonium RAA and elliptic flow as a function of centrality and transverse momentum and compare to data collected by the ALICE, ATLAS, and CMS collaborations.
From lattice QCD to in-medium heavy-quark interactions via deep learning
Authors: Shi Shuzhe , Zhou Kai , Zhao Jiaxing , Mukherjee Swagato , Zhuang Pengfei
Published: February 2022

Bottomonium states are key probes for experimental studies of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) created in high-energy nuclear collisions. Theoretical models of bottomonium productions in high-energy nuclear collisions rely on the in-medium interactions between the bottom and antibottom quarks, which can be characterized by real (VR(T, r)) and imaginary (VI(T, r)) potentials, as functions of temperature and spatial separation. Recently, the masses and thermal widths of up to 3S and 2P bottomonium states in QGP were calculated using lattice quantum chromodynamics (LQCD). Starting from these LQCD results and through a novel application of deep neural network (DNN), here, we obtain model-independent results for VR(T, r) and VI(T, r). The temperature dependence of VR(T, r) was found to be very mild between T ≈ 0 − 330 MeV. Meanwhile, VI(T, r) shows rapid increase with T and r, which is much larger than the perturbation theory based expectations.
Strangeness in astrophysics: Theoretical developments
Authors: Dexheimer Veronica , Aryal Krishna
Published: February 2022

In this conference proceeding, we review important theoretical developments related to the production of strangeness in astrophysics. This includes its effects in supernova explosions, neutron stars, and compact-star mergers. We also discuss in detail how the presence of net strangeness affects the deconfinement to quark matter, expected to take place at large densities and/or temperatures. We conclude that a complete description of dense matter containing hyperons and strange quarks is fundamental for the understanding of modern high-energy astrophysics.
Global polarization and spin alignment measurements
Authors: Niida Takafumi
Published: February 2022

Recent experimental results on global polarization of hyperons and spin alignment of vector mesons in heavy-ion collisions are reviewed, especially in context of the energy dependence and particle species dependence. New results on local polarization along the beam direction at the LHC are discussed with previous measurements at RHIC. Future outlook of these measurements and possible future directions for better understanding of local vorticity field are briefly discussed.
Learning Langevin dynamics with QCD phase transition
Authors: Wang Lingxiao , Jiang Lijia , Zhou Kai
Published: February 2022

In this proceeding, the deep Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs) are deployed to recognize the order of QCD phase transition and predict the dynamical parameters in Langevin processes. To overcome the intrinsic randomness existed in a stochastic process, we treat the final spectra as image-type inputs which preserve sufficient spatiotemporal correlations. As a practical example, we demonstrate this paradigm for the scalar condensation in QCD matter near the critical point, in which the order parameter of chiral phase transition can be characterized in a 1+1-dimensional Langevin equation for σ field. The well-trained CNNs accurately classify the first-order phase transition and crossover from σ field configurations with fluctuations, in which the noise does not impair the performance of the recognition. In reconstructing the dynamics, we demonstrate it is robust to extract the damping coefficients η from the intricate field configurations.
Dynamical cluster and hypernuclei production in heavy-ion collisions
Authors: Gläßel Susanne , Kireyeu Viktar , Voronyuk Vadim , Aichelin Jörg , Blume Christoph , Bratkovskaya Elena , Coci Gabriele , Kolesnikov Vadim , Winn Michael
Published: February 2022

We study light cluster and hypernuclei production in heavy-ion collisions from SIS to RHIC energies based on the n-body dynamical transport approach PHQMD (Parton-Hadron-Quantum-Molecular-Dynamics). In PHQMD clusters are formed dynamically due to the interactions between baryons described on the basis of Quantum Molecular Dynamics (QMD) which allows to propagate the n-body Wigner density and n-body correlations in phase-space, which is essential for the cluster formation. The clusters are identified by the MST (Minimum Spanning Tree) or the SACA (‘Simulated Annealing Cluster Algorithm’) algorithm which finds the most-bound configuration of nucleons and clusters. Collisions among hadrons as well as Quark-Gluon-Plasma formation and parton dynamics in PHQMD are treated in the same way as in the PHSD (Parton-Hadron-String-Dynamics) transport approach. We study the time evolution of the cluster formation in the expanding medium and the stability of the clusters. We present a comparison of the PHQMD results for d, 3He as well as for the hypernuclei with experimental data.
Temperature dependence of the properties of open heavy-flavor mesons
Authors: Montaña Glòria , Ramos Àngels , Tolos Laura , Torres-Rincon Juan M.
Published: February 2022

We address the modification of open heavy-flavor mesons in a hot medium of light mesons within an effective theory approach consistent with chiral and heavy-quark spin-flavor symmetries and the use of the imaginarytime formalism to introduce the non-zero temperature effects to the theory. The unitarized scattering amplitudes, the ground-state self-energies and the corresponding spectral functions are calculated self-consistently. We use the thermal ground-state spectral functions obtained with this methodology to further calculate 1) open-charm meson Euclidean correlators, and 2) off-shell transport coefficients in the hadronic phase.
Anatomical distribution of Toxoplasma gondii in naturally and experimentally infected lambs
Authors: Thomas Myriam , Aubert Dominique , Escotte-Binet Sandie , Durand Benoît , Robert Céline , Geers Régine , Alliot Annie , Belbis Guillaume , Villena Isabelle , Blaga Radu
Published: February 2022

Consumption of raw or undercooked meat containing Toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts is one of the main sources of infection for humans worldwide. Among the various species intended for human consumption, sheep appear to be a high risk for human infection. The present study focused on the detailed anatomical distribution of Toxoplasma gondii in naturally and experimentally infected lambs using fresh and frozen samples of various pieces of meat, from a public health perspective. The first objective was to rank the edible parts intended for human consumption according to the detectable parasite burden by real-time PCR targeting the 529-bp repeated element. The second objective was to evaluate the impact of freezing by comparing the detection efficiency of the quantitative PCR between fresh and frozen tissues, as imports of lamb carcasses/cuts may arrive frozen or chilled. The highest estimated parasite loads were observed in skeletal muscles, and more particularly in edible portions such as quadriceps femoris muscle, intercostal muscles, deltoid muscle and diaphragm, with a significant difference in detectable parasite burden between fresh and frozen samples (p < 0.0001) or natural and experimental infection (p < 0.0001). Thoracic and pelvic limbs (3278–1048 parasites/g muscle) were ranked at the top of the list. Toxoplasma gondii DNA was detected in all the edible parts of lamb studied. These results suggest that lamb meat represents a risk for consumers. Further investigations are needed in order to confirm these differences in larger numbers of animals and in different breeds.
Douleur chronique chez l’enfant et l’adolescent : la place de l’attachement dans une lecture de codage prédictif
Authors: Ouss Lisa
Published: February 2022

La douleur, avec sa dimension subjective, comportementale et physiologique, fait partie des phénomènes régulatoires visant à l’homéostase d’un organisme. Il arrive cependant que la douleur ne soit plus efficace dans cette fonction homéostatique et se chronicise, avec une dissociation entre la perspective médicale « somatosensorielle », et la plainte du patient, son expérience subjective. La douleur pose alors une énigme, dans le sens où 1) elle n’a pas de substrat somatique repérable, 2) elle est la plupart du temps réfractaire aux antalgiques, 3) elle met en échec les somaticiens, 4) elle déséquilibre également le système familial, scolaire et parfois social dans lequel évoluent les enfants et adolescents. L’hypothèse est que les expériences précoces et spécifiques d’une personne, qui organisent ses relations d’attachement, peuvent expliquer les différences individuelles dans la manière dont la douleur est ressentie, et signalée. Après avoir brièvement décrit ces types de douleurs, cet article propose de faire un état des travaux qui mettent en lien la nature des liens d’attachement qui unissent les enfants et adolescents avec troubles douloureux chroniques sans explication médicale, et leurs parents. La synthèse de ces travaux montre que les enfants et adolescents souffrant de douleur chronique sans substrat médical retrouvé ont montré de faibles taux de sécurité d’attachement par rapport aux groupes témoins, que les états douloureux sont systématiquement associés à des taux élevés d’attachement à risque. Nous proposons un modèle des liens entre douleur chronique et attachement éclairé par le paradigme du codage prédictif. L’implication thérapeutique permet de proposer un processus thérapeutique plurifocal agissant à la fois sur les anticipations douloureuses et le système de l’attachement, sur la composante physique de la douleur et sur le système familial.
Les troubles du comportement dans l’autisme : moyen d’expression de la douleur ?
Authors: Sourty Arnaud
Published: February 2022

Parler de trouble du comportement chez une personne « autiste » peut prêter à confusion. En effet les comportements non ordinaires sont fréquents chez ces personnes.

Une modification de comportements habituels, en fréquence ou en intensité; des comportements pouvant présenter des risques pour la personne ou son entourage font suspecter une souffrance qu’il convient d’évaluer afin de pouvoir la prendre en charge au mieux. La fréquence sous-estimée de pathologies somatiques et leur retard de prise en charge entraînent souvent des douleurs dont la seule expression peut être un trouble majeur du comportement ou un retrait inquiétant.

Dans les cas de personnes n’ayant pas le langage, ou un langage fonctionnel limité (de type écholalique par exemple), ayant aussi des particularités sensorielles, il est utile d’avoir recours à des outils d’hétéro-évaluation de la douleur [1].

Il s’agit de rendre lisible le visible [11].
Troubles mentaux liés au Covid-19, au Japon, en 2020
Authors: Kato Satoshi
Published: February 2022

Le déclenchement, en décembre 2019, à Wuhan, de la pandémie due au Covid-19, et sa propagation rapide, a constitué, pour la population mondiale, un événement d’une intensité extrême. Les répercussions sur la santé mentale ont été considérables avec l’apparition et l’aggravation de troubles mentaux. Ce phénomène perdure encore aujourd’hui, en juillet 2021.

À partir d’observations cliniques recueillies entre janvier et décembre 2020, l’auteur commence par détailler quelques cas de stress chroniques, ainsi que des cas de psychoses. Parmi les troubles mentaux qui sont régulièrement provoqués par des changements dans la vie sociale, par exemple la privation d’interactions personnelles avec autrui, on remarque en particulier le trouble anxieux et dépressif mixte. Parmi les cas de dépression psychotique, on observe souvent un délire hypocondriaque : le patient est alors convaincu d’être contaminé par le coronavirus, avec « délire de porter préjudice » : il a la conviction de contaminer par le virus son entourage, notamment familial.

Enfin, l’auteur a remarqué une baisse du nombre des suicides entre janvier et juin 2020, suivie par une hausse entre juillet et décembre 2020; cette fluctuation semble aussi imputable à l’épidémie.
Jeder hat das Recht, sich mitzuteilen – Unterstützte Kommunikation
Authors: Spreer Markus , Wahl Michael
Published: February 2022

Ein Grundbedürfnis aller Menschen ist die Kommunikation. Wer nicht kommunizieren kann, erlebt große Einschränkungen in seiner Teilhabe. Über die Unterstützte Kommunikation (UK) gibt es viele Möglichkeiten, sich mitzuteilen, sich zu informieren und sich miteinander zu verständigen. Ein Überblick über verschiedene Methoden und die Rahmenbedingungen der UK.
Die gestrandeten Kranken: Langzeitpatientinnen und -patienten in psychiatrischen Fachkrankenhäusern und Abteilungen
Authors: Bramesfeld Anke , Konrad Carsten , Renner Stefan , Zilles-Wegner David , Wedegartner Felix
Published: February 2022

Entgegen erklärter Psychiatriepolitik berichten psychiatrische Kliniken über Patient*innen, die obwohl die Therapie abgeschlossen ist, über Monate im Krankenhaus verweilen.

Ziel Quantifizieren des Problems.

Methode Stichtagsbefragung aller pflichtversorgenden Erwachsenenpsychiatrien (EP, n = 27) und Kinder und Jugendpsychiatrien (KJP, n = 11) in Niedersachsen. Definition Langzeitpatient*in: Verweildauer von mindestens 6 Monaten nach Therapieende.

Ergebnis 13 EP berichten 60 Dauerpatient*innen. Mediane Verweildauer 9,5, Maximum 215 Monate. Eine KJP-Klinik mit 2 Patientinnen. Gründe für die Langzeitaufenthalte waren unter anderem herausforderndes Verhalten und als Folge die Schwierigkeit, eine aufnehmende Langzeiteinrichtung zu finden.

Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung Es fehlen Langzeitunterbringungsmöglichkeiten für psychisch kranke Menschen mit herausforderndem Verhalten sowie eine regionale zwischen psychiatrischer Klinik und stationärer Eingliederungshilfe existiert nicht oder kommt durch fehlende Verbindlichkeit an seine Grenzen.
Shunt Dependence after Intraventricular Hemorrhage and Intraventricular Fibrinolysis with uPA versus rt-PA
Authors: Covrig Raul-Ciprian , Schellinger Peter D. , Glahn Joerg , Alomari Ali , Schmieder Kirsten , Wiese M. , Knappe Ulrich Johannes
Published: February 2022

Background We compare the effect of urokinase (urokinase-type plasminogen activator [uPA]) versus alteplase (recombinant tissue plasminogen activator [rt-PA]) for intraventricular fibrinolysis (IVF) in patients with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) on ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) dependence, functional outcome, and complications in the management of IVH.

Methods We retrospectively reviewed the patients admitted with IVH or intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) with IVH within 7 years in three different departments and found 102 patients who met the inclusion criteria. The primary end points were VPS dependence and Glasgow outcome score (GOS) at 3 months. Secondary end points were rate of rebleeding under IVF and incidence of treatment-related complications. Patients were divided into three groups: group I comprised patients treated with external ventricular drain (EVD) and IVF with uPA; group II comprised patients treated with EVD and IVF with rt-PA; and group III comprised patients treated with EVD alone.

Results In all, 9.8% patients needed VPS: 12.2% in group I and 15.0% in group II, with no statistically significant difference. VPS patients had higher values of the modified Graeb score (mGS), IVH score, and IVH volume. We saw a trend for a better outcome in group II, with six patients achieving a GOS of 4 or 5 after 3 months. The mortality rate was higher in groups I and III. We found no statistical difference in the complication rate between groups I and II. Logistic regression analysis revealed that higher mGS and age predicted worse prognosis concerning mortality. The risk for death rose by 7.8% for each year of age. Any additional mGS point increased the chances of death by 9.7%.

Conclusion Our data suggest that both uPA and rt-PA are safe and comparable regarding incidence of communicating hydrocephalus, and age and mGS are predictive for mortality.
Interplay of Oxidative Stress and Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Expression on Cardiovascular Responses in Preeclampsia
Authors: Herur Anita , Aithala Manjunatha , Das Kusal K. , Mallapur Ashalata , Hegde Rajat , Kulkarni Suyamindra
Published: February 2022

Objective To assess the influence of oxidative stress on the gene expression of nitric oxide synthases (NOS 3 and NOS 2) and, hence, the cardiovascular responses in preeclampsia.

Methods This was a case control study in which patients with preeclampsia (PE group) and normal pregnancy controls (NP group) were included according to the guidelines of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). The serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity, and nitric oxide (NO) were estimated, and the heart rate and mean arterial pressure were recorded. The gene profiling of NOS3 and NOS2 was performed through real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The statistical analysis was performed using the Student t-test, and values of p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results The serum levels of malondialdehyde were increased (p < 0.0001), and the total antioxidant capacity was reduced in the PE group (p = 0.034), indicating oxidative stress. In the PE group, the mean arterial pressure was significantly higher (p < 0.0001), but the serum levels of NO did not show a statistically significant reduction (p = 0.20). The gene expression profiling of NOS3 and NOS2 revealed a down regulation in the PE group by 8.49 and 51.05 times respectively.

Conclusion Oxidative stress may lead to endothelial dysfunction, which could result in increased mean arterial pressure. Nitric oxide may play a role in this mechanism, but interactions with other vasoactive /biological substances cannot be overlooked, as the gene expression of NOS3 and NOS2 has been reduced.