bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can the kinesio taping change the pelvic tilt angle in healthy young women?
Authors: Peixoto Jennifer Granja , Borel Wyngrid Porfirio , Avelino Patrick Roberto , Silva Marina Ribeiro , Rocha Gerdeany Mendes da , Teixeira-Salmela Luci Fuscaldi
Published: November 2015

Introduction: The pelvis is a key structure for the alignment of the body and its misalignment can cause pain. Weakness of the gluteusmaximus (GM) muscle can increase the pelvic tilt angle (PTA). Kinesio Taping (KT) is a technique used to stimulate muscular action,by applying a bandage over the muscle with a longitudinal tension of 25% to 35%. Objectives: To assess the immediate effects ofthe KT stimulating technique over the GM on the PTA of healthy women and verify if the 60% tension would lead to better results.Methods: Twenty-six healthy women, with a mean age of 23.3±2.8 years, had their PTA bilaterally assessed by means of computerizedphotogrammetry before and immediately after received KT application with 30 and 60% tensions. Repeated measure ANOVA (2x2) wasused to assess the main and interaction effects between the applied tensions and time. The standard error of the measurement (SEM)was also calculated to evaluate the clinical impact of the techniques. Results: The analysis revealed that both KT tensions reduced thePTA. Although no significant differences were observed between the two employed tensions, the clinical effects were higher for the60% tension. Conclusion: Both applied KT tensions reduced the PTA in the standing position of healthy young women, but the tensionof 60% led to more clinically significant results.
Commentary On “Theory-led design of instruments and representations in learning analytics: Developing a novel tool for orchestration of online collaborative learning”
Authors: Teplovs Chris
Published: November 2015

This commentary reflects on the contributions to learning analytics and theory by a paper that describes how multiple theoretical frameworks were woven together to inform the creation of a new automated discourse analysis tool.  The commentary highlights the contributions of the original paper, provides some alternative approaches, and touches on issues of sustainability and scalability of learning analytics innovations.
Enhancing university –industry collaboration: What are the drivers of academic researchers’ involvement in industry?
Authors: Ahamed Galib Mostak , Nahar Munny Kamrun , Khudaykulov Akmal
Published: November 2015

Industry engagement of researchers plays an important role in organizational outcomes such as increased number of licenses and patents, innovation, successful R&Ds and consequently increased efficiency and economic performance. The gap between the theory and practice of industry engagement are identified and a scientific model of industry engagement of is developed in this paper. The research model depicts the possible generation of the industry engagement as an outcome. Through a detailed review of all factors belonging to the scope of motives that are opportunity-driven, key factors that are most conducive to researchers’ industry engagement were identified. We have proposed the relationship between compensation and recognition, access to resources, application of the research, networking opportunities, and industry problem solving with industry engagement. This study supports the notion that industry engagement is essential for improving organizational learning capability and innovation performance. Significant implications for organizations exist, as they are aware of which parts of their operations and conditions will drive relevant talent to engage in the organizations’ work. academia drivers
Contribution Analysis of ICT (New Generation Network) Investment for Agriculture In Uzbekistan
Authors: Shodiev Tursun , Zhu QiJu
Published: November 2015

The new generation network and technology is changing the world day by day, so does in area of Agriculture. Agriculture is the basic stone of economic development in the transition countries. In the past decade, Information communication Technology is enriching people’s communication, which is the important criteria of knowledge society. In developed countries, ICT for agriculture is quite important. According to last research findings the technology contribution for Agriculture in developed countries is around 70 per cent. In developing countries such kind of research is not provided. The article analysis the contribution of the new generation ICT network investment for agriculture employing the Solow Residual theory and Cobb-Douglas Production function.
Inclusion of disabled people in microfinance institutions: Where does Bangladesh stand?
Authors: Sarker Debashis
Published: November 2015

This article constitutes a summary of the literatures and practices on the microfinance industry and its contribution, the status of people with disabilities (PWDs), and the case studies for financial inclusion in Bangladesh. Many Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) are operating to serve all segments of the clients for financial inclusion. People with Disabilities encounter several exclusions in the mainstream microfinance institutions in Bangladesh. At the same time, MFIs faces numerous challenges to serve these people. Even if it is not a formal analysis, it is still found that PWDs encounter tremendous discrimination such as social, political, physical, cultural, environmental; serious barriers including formal and self-employment, less access to credit, government support and social safety net system. On the other hand, these people often put themselves into ‘benefit traps’. Microfinance institutions do not realize that many disabled people are economically active, that disabled customers expect service, and do not know how to adapt products for disabled people. The profitable partnership between MFIs and Disabled People’s Organization (DPOs) are absent in practice. The government’s social safety nets programme is also very limited. Economic rehabilitation would come into progress when integration happens by blending social protection and necessary resources for income generation.
Hacia el fortalecimiento de capacidades de gestión pública en un escenario de posconflicto en San Jacinto (Bolívar), Montes de María, Caribe colombiano
Authors: Gómez Tatis Diana Ligia
Published: November 2015

This paper is an exercise of inquiry and comparison of conceptual elements with the historical reality of a local entity, the purpose of which is to describe conditioning elements for development and to identify factors to be included in a strategy to strengthen public management capacity. The Montes de María region, to which the San Jacinto (Bolivar) municipality belongs, has been prioritized by the national government for the compensation and remuneration of economic and social assets, which had been affected by armed conflict. The results reveal the current problem in the municipality of San Jacinto is caused by the government’s weak capability to address and coordinate intangible capitals based on the contemporary concept of development. A proposal is built on the results, within the context of the knowledge society and the knowledge territory, supported on the construction of synergistic capital, which implies a new political and administrative vision for innovation in public management.
La pobreza y la desigualdad en el área urbana de Manizales
Authors: Ortiz González Óscar Alberto
Published: November 2015

Debido a algunas particularidades existentes en la ciudad de Manizales, en cuanto a sus características geográficas y a los cambios que se vienen planteando en los últimos años, que afectan la distribución de la población en el espacio urbano, es necesario establecer la relación existente entre la geografía y algunas variables económicas que son determinantes, en este caso los indicadores de pobreza. Este trabajo hace uso del Censo General 2005, realizado por el Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE), para calcular los principales índices de pobreza e índices demográficos como la segregación y, de esta manera, encontrar la relación existente entre ambos.
Evolución del régimen de regalías en Colombia a partir de la Constitución Política de 1991
Authors: Bohórquez Camargo Jermán Orlando
Published: November 2015

La explotación de los recursos naturales no renovables que son propiedad del Estado colombiano genera contraprestaciones económicas denominadas regalías y compensaciones. A partir de la expedición de la Constitución Política de 1991, el régimen de administración de los recursos provenientes de dicha fuente ha tenido una evolución bastante importante. El reciente Acto Legislativo 5 del 2011 introdujo normas que dan un giro de ciento ochenta grados al esquema existente. Con la reforma se busca mayor equidad en la distribución de la riqueza proveniente de la explotación de los recursos naturales no renovables y lograr que estos se conviertan en un motor que genere desarrollo sostenible para todas las regiones del país.
Perfil de los maestros oficiales de Medellín, Colombia
Authors: López Mera Silvio Fernando
Published: November 2015

A partir de reconocer la importancia del perfil docente en la calidad de la educación básica, el estudio describe y analiza las características de los maestros oficiales de la ciudad de Medellín. Los resultados del análisis sugieren que: 1) la carrera docente es esencialmente femenina y veterana y 2) las maestras presentan un mayor grado de escalafón, experiencia docente y nivel educativo que sus similares hombres, lo que se traduce en mejores salarios. Esto implica que si bien el sector es meritocrático, es necesario generar mejores incentivos para los actuales maestros y para los estudiantes bachilleres (especialmente a los mejores), para así hacer más atractiva (y demandable) la carrera docente, y evitar un posible escenario deficitario de maestros, no solo en la ciudad, sino también en el país.
Los retos del desarrollo humano en el territorio: experiencias en Brasil y Colombia
Authors: Couto Rosa Sueli de Lourdes
Published: November 2015

En este artículo se reflexiona sobre el papel del Estado y el territoriocuando se están abordando procesos de desarrollo humano local. Para esto se analizó el desarrollo, los sustentos teóricos del desarrollo humano local (DHL) y la metodología propuesta por el Programa de Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo para su consecución en lo local. Finalmente, se hace una revisión de los resultados de la aplicación de la metodología de DHL en Colombia y Brasil, lo que permite concluir que el DHL se diferencia de las demás formas de desarrollo por la formación de capital social y humano, por la generación de activos de ciudadanía para las personas involucradas en el proceso. Sin embargo, los grandes desafíos siguen. Sin el imperativo real por el desarrollo humano ysin el compromiso con un desarrollo desde su base territorial,es probable que la mayoría de los proyectos de DHL sean llevados por el mismo camino de los demás modelos de desarrollo.
Incidencia del gasto público social en el índice de desarrollo humano en Bogotá, 1995-2010
Authors: Rodríguez Torres Mónica Consuelo
Published: November 2015

El artículo contribuye a la discusión sobre la equidad y la eficiencia como aporte al análisis económico, en el marco de los servicios públicos domiciliarios en Colombia. A partir de una revisión crítica se encuentra que el criterio de equidad como derecho en la prestación de estos servicios no se alcanza, porque el prestador entiende el servicio desde la visión del mercado (la prestación se centra en la demanda) y no del beneficio social que su consumo representa. Asimismo, la regulación y la forma como se gestionan los recursos de manera descentralizada han generado diversos resultados en términos de eficiencia y equidad en las regiones, debido a que no se han tenido en cuenta las diferencias en cuanto a densidad poblacional, características culturales y el conocimiento de los ciudadanos para participar activamente en los procesosde cambio.
El factor de “escala A” en el crecimiento de la economía colombiana
Authors: Zarur Ramos Alberto Luis
Published: November 2015

El propósito del artículo es mostrar que, en Colombia, el crecimiento económico no ha sido suficiente para mejorar el ingreso per cápita y que tampoco ha sido sostenido, debido, principalmente, a que se ha sustentado, de manera relevante, en el crecimiento de mano de obra y de capital; mientras que el aporte de la productividad de los factores ha sido negativo. Para lograr este propósito, el documento se estructura en dos partes. En un primer momento se hace una reflexión teórica alrededor de la función de producción de Cobb-Douglas para mostrar la existencia de un residuo más allá del crecimiento del empleo y del capital y también para resaltar que la presencia de ese residuo, conocido como el factor A, es la clave del crecimiento sostenido que se ha experimentado en los países de desarrollo clásico y en los de desarrollo reciente, enespecial los asiáticos. En un segundo momento se muestra el nulo papel que ha desempeñado la productividad factorial en el crecimiento colombiano en los últimos treinta años, y las conclusiones que se derivan de esa situación.
Evaluación de tres protocolos de anestesia balanceada en equinos criollos, en la clínica Francisco de Asís (Soracá-Boyacá)
Authors: Peña H. Nelson L. , Cruz C. Anastasia , Moreno F. Giovanni
Published: November 2015

En la anestesia balanceada se asocian medicamentos de diferentes grupos farmacológicos a fin de potenciar los efectos deseados de unos y otros, lo cual se logra con el uso simultáneo de estos a dosis bajas, minimizando los riesgos propios de la anestesia. Existen muchos protocolos evaluados en equinos pero aún quedan otros por valorar. Por lo anterior, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar tres protocolos de anestesia balanceada en equinos sanos para determinar las características anestésicas logradas con cada uno. Se utilizaron cuatro equinos para probar los tres protocolos propuestos, dejando un periodo de descanso de 30 días entre uno y otro. Los resultados fueron analizados mediante un Anova y la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis para determinar la existencia de diferencias entre tratamientos. Los protocolos evaluados se comportaron de manera similar; las tres fases anestésicas fueron adecuadas en cuanto a calidad y tiempo; los parámetros fisiológicos no se afectaron considerablemente, y la inconsciencia e inmovilidad alcanzadas fueron suficientes lo que sugiere que son adecuados para la realización de procedimientos quirúrgicos de corta duración en equinos.
Progesterona plasmática y algunas características uterinas y embrionarias en la gestación temprana de yeguas criollas colombianas
Authors: Paredes Higuera María del Pilar , Jiménez Escobar Claudia , Hernández Vásquez Aureliano
Published: November 2015

Se inseminaron artificialmente 24 yeguas criollas colombianas (CC) de 4 a 14 años de edad. Se cuantificaron los niveles plasmáticos de progesterona (P4) por la técnica de radioinmunoanálisis de fase sólida (RIA), se evaluaron el cuerpo lúteo (CL), el útero y el edema uterino por ultrasonografía desde la ovulación hasta el día 40 posovulación. El diagnóstico de preñez se realizó al detectar un conceptus; desde ese momento hasta el día 40 se evaluó diariamente. Los datos fueron analizados usando estadística descriptiva con valores promedio y desviación estándar (DE). El diagnóstico de gestación se hizo el día 10,4 ± 0,8 (promedio ± DE). La tasa de crecimiento del conceptus fue 1,65 ± 0,1 mm/día; su fijación al útero ocurrió el día 16,8 ± 1,5. El embrión se visualizó dentro de la vesícula el día 20,8 ± 1,7; su tasa de crecimiento fue 0,8 ± 0,3 mm/día. El latido cardiaco se detectó desde el día 23,9 ± 1,3. El 100 % de los embriones tuvieron un desarrollo normal hasta el día 40 de la gestación. El 62,5 % de los CL se ubicaron en el ovario derecho y el 33,3 % en el izquierdo; un animal presentó ovulación doble. El 66,6 % de los conceptus se ubicaron en la unión útero cornual derecha y el 33,3 % en la izquierda; el 79,1 % ipsilateral al CL. La gestación en la yegua CC presenta características fisiológicas similares a las descritas en la literatura. Los datos aquí presentados tienen importancia para las evaluaciones clínicas y constituyen un punto de partida para futuros estudios.
Preparación en glicerina: una técnica para la conservación prolongada de cuerpos en anatomía veterinaria
Authors: Muñetón Gómez César Alfonso , Ortiz José Alejandro
Published: November 2015

From ancient times, different techniques for the preservation and maintenance of anatomical specimens have been sought. Concurrently, the development of these processes and the use of substances other than formaldehyde in order to minimize the risk of exposure to chemical vapors and biological factors continue at present. Thus, having anatomical preparations with more durability, which retain the anatomical features and facilitate learning and teaching, as well as research in the discipline, are some of the objectives for strengthening anatomy labs. One such technique is the preparation in glycerin. The paper presents the results obtained with this application at the School of Agricultural Sciences from La Salle University, where different anatomical parts have been obtained for use in the process of teaching and learning about anatomy. In this paper, a historical review is made of the preparation of anatomical pieces, followed by the procedure performed and the findings during the development of the technique.
Diagnóstico de los principales antibióticos recomendados para pollo de engorde (broiler) por los centros agropecuarios del municipio de Pasto, Nariño, Colombia
Authors: Astaíza Martínez Juan Manuel , Benavides Melo Carmenza Janneth , López Córdoba Marco Javier , Portilla Ortiz Juan Pablo
Published: November 2015

Objetivo: determinar los principales antibióticos recomendados para pollo de engorde (broiler), por los centros agropecuarios del municipio de Pasto, departamento de Nariño, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: la recolección de la información se realizó mediante encuestas dirigidas a las personas encargadas de prescribir medicamentos en los centros agropecuarios. Los datos se analizaron con la ayuda del paquete estadístico Statgraphics plus 5.0. Resultados: solo el 37,65 % de los almacenes agropecuarios cuenta con personal capacitado para desempeñar la labor de prescribir medicamentos veterinarios. Los antibióticos son los medicamentos más recomendados en los almacenes agropecuarios (52,94 %), entre los cuales se destacan las quinolonas (39,98 %), seguidas del grupo inmunológico o vacunas (18,82 %), principalmente la vacuna de Newcastle cepa B1 Hitchner (8,24 %), el grupo de vitaminas (14,11 %), los antiparasitarios (12,94 %) y el grupo de los mucorreguladores (1,17 %). Conclusiones: la mayoría de los almacenes agropecuarios no cuenta con personal capacitado para la formulación o prescripción de medicamentos. El 51 % de estos medicamentos se maneja fuera del rango terapéutico (sobredosis o subdosis). El uso terapéutico más recomendado es para el tratamiento de enfermedades respiratorias y digestivas, y la vía de administración oral es la más común sin realizar ningún tipo de advertencia ni precaución.
Cristalización del moco cervical bovino en el estro: una actualización
Authors: Cortés Manuel E. , González Fernando , Vigil Pilar
Published: November 2015

El moco cervical bovino cambia su composición bioquímica y sus propiedades biofísicas durante el ciclo estral debido a las variaciones en los niveles de esteroides sexuales, siendo producido en mayor cantidad durante el estro como consecuencia del aumento en el nivel de estrógenos. En dicho estadio también se observa que el moco aumenta su capacidad de cristalizar. El objetivo de este artículo es proporcionar una visión actualizada de los principales aspectos relativos a la cristalización del moco cervical bovino. En primer lugar se hace referencia a la composición del moco y a las importantes funciones ejercidas por esta secreción en la fisiología reproductiva bovina y de otras especies. Más adelante el artículo trata sobre el fenómeno de cristalización observado en el moco cervical en estro, describiéndose los principales modelos utilizados para clasificar los patrones cristalinos observables en él (algunos semejantes a helechos, hojas de palma o figuras estrelladas, entre otros). Finalmente, se discute la importancia del fenómeno de la cristalización del moco cervical para la comprensión de la reproducción bovina tanto en estados fisiológicos así como fisiopatológicos.
Fisiopatología de la septicemia neonatal equina
Authors: Ospina Chirivi Juan Carlos , Ronderos Herrera Mónica Daniela
Published: November 2015

La septicemia neonatal es la mayor causa de mortalidad y morbilidad en equinos en sus primeros siete días de vida y dentro de su fisiopatología. Es importante tener en cuenta los factores predisponentes extrínsecos e intrínsecos al potro que los hace susceptibles a la entrada de agentes que principalmente son de etiología bacteriana. No obstante, se deben considerar otros tipos de etiología infecciosa (virus y hongos), así como las etiologías de índole no infecciosa. Se menciona una amplia variedad de mecanismos que producen distintas lesiones que deben atenderse con medidas de cuidado crítico neonatal, por lo que es imprescindible para el clínico de equinos conocer los mecanismos de patogenicidad de la enfermedad, la presentación clínica y las lesiones anatomopatológicas. Así, los conceptos del síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica (SIRS), síndrome de disfunción multiorgánica (MODS) y el colapso circulatorio periférico o shock son algunos de los elementos que se definen como los pilares de la fisiopatología de la septicemia neonatal, y se han estudiado ampliamente en medicina de equinos. Este trabajo muestra una revisión corta de los mecanismos de desencadenamiento de la septicemia neonatal, y resalta la importancia de investigaciones epidemiológicas en Colombia; muestra la necesidad de hacer trabajos retrospectivos y prospectivos y de dar a conocer algunas de las medidas de prevención de la enfermedad en equinos.
Eficacia de la doramectina vía intramuscular en nematodos gastrointestinales en equinos
Authors: Herrera Benavides Yonairo Manuel , Perdomo Ayola Sandra Carolina , Cardona Álvarez José Alberto
Published: November 2015

El objetivo de esta investigación fue comprobar la efectividad de la doramectina vía intramuscular frente a los nematodos de equinos, al evacuarla según la reducción en el conteo de huevos por gramo de materia fecal (hpg). Para tal fin se utilizaron seis asnos y diez caballos mestizos de silla de diferentes sexos y edades, todos naturalmente infectados con nematodos gastrointestinales, los que aleatoriamente se dividieron en dos grupos: el 1 (control), tres asnos y cuatro caballos que no recibieron tratamiento antihelmíntico; y el 2 (tratados), tres asnos y seis caballos tratados con doramectina a dosis de 0,2 mg/kg vía intramuscular, dosis única, aplicada en la tabla del cuello. A los días 5, 12, 16, 24, 34, 41, 47, 56, 60 y 140 postratamiento se sometieron todos los animales a exámenes coprológicos, lo que permitió definir los valores de hpg por medio de la técnica de McMaster. Los resultados determinaron que la doramectina utilizada vía intramuscular fue altamente eficaz para controlar nematodos bajo condiciones de campo y en animales sometidos a continuas reinfestaciones.
Tumor maligno derivado de melanocitos en piel de un bovino de presentación inusual: estudio de caso
Authors: Chaves Velásquez Carlos Alberto , Astaíza Martínez Juan Manuel , Benavides Melo Carmenza Janneth , Vallejo Timarán Darío Antonio
Published: November 2015

Los tumores melanocíticos o melanomas en los animales domésticos incluyen neoplasias compuestas por células productoras de melanina. En los bovinos, estos tumores son poco frecuentes y la mayoría son benignos; mientras que los malignos son de poca presentación. El artículo registra el caso de un bovino hembra mestizo de 38 meses de edad con una masa fluctuante, localizada entre el borde mandibular y la región parotídea izquierda, de aproximadamente tres meses de evolución, con crecimiento más evidente en los últimos treinta días. Después de su escisión quirúrgica, se remite una muestra conservada en formalina tamponada al 10 % al Laboratorio de Patología de la Universidad de Nariño, consistente en un fragmento de 7,0 × 10,5 × 8,0 cm, de forma elipsoide, con piel y pelo en una de sus caras, superficie irregular, color pardo negruzco, consistencia semiblanda al corte y presencia de contenido translúcido de aspecto viscoso para el procesamiento e inclusión en parafina y cortados a 5 μm de espesor y tincionados con coloración de hematoxilina-eosina. El tejido remitido se catalogó como una neoplasia de comportamiento maligno derivada de melanocitos, debido a sus características celulares: patrón de crecimiento, patrón de distribución, severo pleomorfismo celular, anisocitosis, megalocitosis, pleomorfismo nuclear, anisocariosis, megalocariosis y afectación de las paredes de los vasos sanguíneos; adicionalmente, al bloque de parafina se le realizó un corte para procesamiento inmunohistoquímico, empleando los marcadores monoclonales S-100 DAKO® y Melan A DAKO®, contrastado con hematoxilina de Meyer. Se evidencia fuerte inmunomarcación de las células neoplásicas, y se constituye en el primer caso registrado de esta patología en Nariño (Colombia).
Estudio de la morbilidad, mortalidad y de enfermedades en potros de caballo criollo colombiano durante los 30 primeros días de vida en la sabana de Bogotá
Authors: Franco Ayala Martha Susana , Oliver Espinosa Olimpo Juan
Published: November 2015

Se realizó un estudio prospectivo de cohortes durante un año en 35 fincas de caballo criollo colombiano en la sabana de Bogotá. Se hizo seguimiento a 192 potros nacidos vivos en este periodo, de los cuales se registraron los nacimientos durante todo el año de estudio, debido a las condiciones tropicales de la región evaluada, y se caracterizaron los factores de manejo de las fincas del estudio. Se determinó una tasa de morbilidad del 27,7/100/año y del 0,77/100/ año de mortalidad en los primeros 30 días vida. La tasa de incidencia de las enfermedades más observadas fueron síndrome febril (5,7/100/año), enfermedad respiratoria con fiebre (4,9/100/año) y diarrea con fiebre (3,9/100/año). También se determinó que en las primeras 48 horas de vida se presenta la mayor incidencia de enfermedad con 60,9 % potros/ semana, causada en su mayoría por deformidades angulares y flexurales, síndrome febril, enfermedad respiratoria y diarrea con fiebre. Subsecuentemente, la morbilidad desciende hasta el día 30 de vida, cuando se presenta una incidencia del 11 %, sobre todo debido a casos de enfermedad respiratoria con fiebre.
Comprehensive Optimization Methodology for Stimulation Design of Low-Permeability Unconventional Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Bhattacharya Srimoyee , Nikolaou Michael
Published: November 2015

Over the past decade, multiple-fracture horizontal wells (MFHWs) have proved successful in recovering oil and particularly gas from very-low-permeability reservoirs. For MFHW planning and design, it is important to be able to make decisions on several variables, such as number of wells, number of fractures per well, amount and type of proppant per fracture, fracture dimensions (length, width, and height), and possibly others. Standard practice for making such decisions is mostly empirical. However, empiricism may not be as successful for new cases that are significantly different from old ones. In such cases, what-if analysis is used by combining intuition with numerical simulators to assess the outcomes of possible decisions. Even though this approach may produce feasible results, it is unlikely that it leads to optimal decisions because of the complexity of the problem. Therefore, a systematic methodology is needed for MFHW planning and design that produces optimal solutions efficiently and effectively.

In this work, we develop such a methodology that optimizes net present value (NPV). The methodology poses the design problem as nested optimization in which the outer-optimization shell involves decisions on the number of wells, number of fractures per well, and amount of proppant, whereas the inner optimization maximizes the productivity index (PI) by selecting optimal fracture dimensions. The proposed methodology integrates in a systematic way a fracture-design module, a production-estimation module, and an economics module. Because the methodology is automated and numerically efficient, one can use it effectively for field development.

A case study is used to illustrate the applicability of the proposed methodology, and suggestions are made for further improvements.
Reservoir Characterization and Geological Model for the Lower T Sandstone and Lower U Sandstone, Tapi – TTT Oilfield, Oriente Basin, Ecuador: A Core- and Log-Based Study
Authors: Toro-Álava J. , Luzuriaga K. , Corozo O. , Coral L.
Published: November 2015

The purpose of this study was to improve the knowledge, increase the quality of the input data for the static and dynamic modeling, and to contribute to define new areas for exploration and production of hydrocarbons in the Cretaceous reservoirs of the Tapi-TTT oilfield, Block 57, northernmost Oriente basin, Ecuador. Specifically, the pursued objectives were: understand the structural context of this oilfield, run sedimentological core descriptions and identify regional sequence stratigraphic surfaces, define major paleoenvironments, describe the paleogeography of the sedimentary area, construct field maps of sediment distribution, run a quality control and interpret the petrophysical data, and characterize the reservoirs.

For getting the objectives there were employed two 4-in core samples 102.5-ft in length, well logs, and a conventional study on 122 core plugs of the Tapi-9 well.

The study concludes that the Lower T Sandstone reservoir, upper Albian in age, is a good quality clastic reservoir, composed by medium-grained Orthoquarzites, with its petrophysical parameters depending on its sedimentological facies, with the best quality reservoir facies placed in the sandy fluvial- to tide-dominated estuarine realms and the less quality reservoir facies in the medium to upper shoreface clastic realms, and showing a near equal reservoir capacity for fluid flowing in the H & V directions and a great potential of depletion.

For the Lower U Sandstone, lower Cenomanian in age, the study concludes that it is a good to excellent reservoir, with its petrophysical parameters depending on its sedimentological facies too, with the best quality reservoir facies occurring in the sandy tide-dominated estuarine realm and the less quality reservoir facies in the silty-sandy (tight) tide-dominated estuarine realm, and showing a different reservoir capacity for fluid flowing in V & H directions and a low potential of depletion but with a high potential of creating stratigraphic traps.
Improving Recovery from a Mature Reservoir by Understanding the Stratigraphy, Eden-Yuturi Field, Oriente Basin, Ecuador
Authors: Gonzalez G. , David Bermeo P. , Alvarez I. T. , Lafournére J. , Henson R. , Fonseca C. , Vinicio Vega J. , Grijalva R. , Valdez A. , Proaño G.
Published: November 2015

The Eden Yuturi field, first exploited in 2002, is located in the northeast of the Oriente basin, Ecuador. The field was initially operated by Occidental Petroleum and has been operated by Petroamazonas EP (PAM) since 2006. From its peak production of 83.8 million B/D in August 2004, the field declined and now produces less than 30 million B/D, with a water cut of 92%. In 2014, PAM awarded an incremental production based service contract to the Kamana Services consortium, with the objective of reversing the field decline and increasing the recovery factor by optimizing production and applying enhanced oil recovery techniques.

The Lower U in the Cretaceous Napo formation is one of the most important reservoirs in this mature field and has a cumulative oil production of 48.1 million barrels (as of July 2015) from 110 wells. The production is supported by a water drive mechanism and a strong aquifer.

The major challenge for the consortium is to define an optimal field development plan that maximizes the current recovery factor of 34%. To achieve this goal, it is crucial to enhance the reservoir characterization by integrating all the available information from multiple disciplines and use this knowledge to understand the fluid dynamics in the reservoir.

The sedimentary column of the Lower U is interpreted as fluvial at the base follow by tide-dominated estuarine tidal shelf deposits grading into lower shoreface deposits towards the top of the reservoir. This transition subdivides the reservoir column into different hydraulic units. However, the vertical stacking of these hydraulic units is not present across the whole field, and amalgamation has been observed in specific zones. The fluid dynamics changes inside the reservoir have a large impact on the waterdrive mechanism sweep efficiency, as identified in the pressure and production performance analysis of the reservoir across the area, and differences in pressure levels and water cuts trends are evident.

Therefore, a proper stratigraphic characterization is the key to optimizing the field development strategy of the Lower U reservoir to improve the ultimate recovery factor.

In this paper, we describe how the stratigraphic characterization has been performed and the final framework obtained by the multidisciplinary team, to be used for the optimized development strategy of the Lower U reservoir.
Numerical Modelling of Hydraulic Fracturing in Cohesionless Sand: Validation Against Laboratory Experiments
Authors: Taghipoor Siavash , Nouri Alireza , Chan Dave
Published: November 2015

In this paper, a new hydraulic-fracturing model is introduced for cohesionless sand, which is also applicable to weak sandstone formations with high permeability and low shear strength. Phenomena such as shear-band development and shear-enhanced permeability are of paramount importance during hydraulic fracturing of cohesionless sand or weak sandstones, which make the fracturing response quite different from what it is conventionally believed to be in competent rocks.

The smeared approach in simulating hydraulic fracturing has been implemented in the proposed model within the continuum mechanics framework. Both matrix and fracture flow have been considered in this model. Tensile- and shear-fracture development and their fluid flow were simulated. The cubic law and Touhidi-Baghini’s shear-permeability model (Touhidi-Baghini 1998) were used to capture the permeability evolution and to model flow in tensile and shear fractures, respectively. Shear fracturing of geomaterials involves intense localization of deformation and strain softening, which is a discontinuous phenomenon, resulting in mesh dependency of the results in the continuum model. The fracture-energy-regularization method was used in this model to reduce the mesh-size dependency of the energy dissipated during fracture propagation.

The smeared-fracture approach has been validated against laboratory hydraulic-fracturing experiments with reasonable agreement. Consistent with the experiments, the results of the numerical model indicate that tensile fractures are formed in a very small area around the injection point despite the application of high injection pressure compared with the minimum boundary stress. It is found that shear fracturing and shear-permeability evolution are the most important mechanisms that influence and control the fracturing response. The dominant fracturing mechanism is found to be governed by the high permeability and low shear strength of the material.
Harmonic Frequency Estimation Algorithm based on ESPRIT and MSWF in Power System
Authors: Xiangwen Sun , Zhe Cao , Wei Tian
Published: November 2015

This paper points out the deficiency in the current harmonic frequency estimation algorithm in power system.
In order to improve the accuracy of detection and reduce the computational complexity, the study combined the ESPRIT
algorithm with multistage Wiener filter (MSWF) recurrence to achieve fast estimation of harmonic frequency. Theoretical
analysis and simulation experiment show that the algorithm had relatively low requirement for the amount of data, and
demonstrated good frequency resolution characteristics and anti-jamming capability, which made it ideally suitable for
harmonic analysis in power system.
Islanding Detection Based on High Frequency Injection for Multi Inverter Microgrid
Authors: Feng Zhao , Jiaqi Peng
Published: November 2015

Islanding detection is one of the indispensable protection detections for grid-connected inverters. The detection
of islanding is the key factor that should be considered in the analysis of grid-connection security. The non-detection zone
is the performance index of anti-islanding plan. According to the phase feature, quantitative analyses of the non-detection
zone of several frequency disturbance schemes are conducted under several different coordinate systems by increasing
disturbance, namely injecting third harmonic to the modulating wave that produces inverter drive signal and detects the
voltage value and the total harmonic distortion of the power grid. The active current all-disturbance islanding detection
scheme has been chosen as the initiative scheme of anti-islanding detection to complete the parameter design and simulation.
According to the experimental result, this method is feasible to detect the island of microgrid. In this paper, the simulation
model of islanding detection of microgrid is established through MATLAB/SIMULINK, and the simulation analysis
of islanding phenomenon after the injection of third harmonic wave is conducted. The simulation result verifies the validity
and availability of the islanding detection method.
Research on MIMO Radar Based on Orthogonal Signal in the Present of Non-Ideal Factor
Authors: Dong Zhi-Ming , Zeng Jian-Kui
Published: November 2015

Non-ideal factors of transmitting signal are known as a kind of restriction to the performance of radar,
especially the ability of finding the weak target. In this paper, the performance of MIMO radar in the aspect of weak target
detection is researched. Firstly, the theory model of MIMO signal is presented. And then, a simulation system based on
orthogonal signal is established. In this simulation platform, the performance of MIMO radar and phased array radar are
studied. Simulation results show that for the same receiver limiting factor, the statistical error probability of MIMO radar
is much lower than traditional phased array mode.
Pulse-Width Modulated Amplifier for DC Servo System and Its Matlab Simulation
Authors: Xiaocheng Ma , Haotian Zhang , Yiqing Cheng , Lina Zhu , Dan Wu
Published: November 2015

This paper introduces a mathematical model for Pulse-Width Modulated Amplifier for DC Servo Motor. The
relationship between pulse-width modulated (PWM) signal and reference rotation speed is specified, and a general model
of motor represented by transfer function is also put forward. When the input signal changes, the rotation speed of the servo
motor will change accordingly. By changing zeros and poles, transient performance of this system is discussed in detail,
and optimal ranges of the parameters is recommended at the end of discussion.
Detecting System Design of Bridge Cables
Authors: Jun Li
Published: November 2015

In this paper, a new detecting system of bridge cables is designed with a snake-shaped robot. It can solve the
problems such as inefficiency and danger of aloft work in the bridge detecting by workers. The detecting system of the
bridge cables includes: a snake-shaped robot; a multiple and monocular vision detection module; a nondestructive magnetic
leakage detecting module; a magnetostrictive sensing module. The multiple and monocular vision detection module
can detect the surface of the bridge cables. The nondestructive magnetic leakage detecting module can detect the inner
part of the cables by circumferential multiple loop axial magnetization with the permanent magnets. The magnetostrictive
sensing module can detect the cable fatigue and erosion. The detecting system of the bridge cables may adapt to different
circumstances and complete space spiral motion, realizing the full range of the detection and increasing the detection efficiency
.
Application Research of Decision Tree Algorithm in Sports Grade Analysis
Authors: Lini Zhu
Published: November 2015

This paper introduces and analyses the data mining in the management of students' sports grades. We use the
decision tree in analysis of grades and investigate attribute selection measure including data cleaning. We take sports
course score of some university for example and produce decision tree using ID3 algorithm which gives the detailed calculation
process. Because the original algorithm lacks termination condition, we propose an improved algorithm which
can help us to find the latency factor which impacts the sports grades.
PCBN Tool Wear for Hard Materials Based on Thermodynamics
Principals
Authors: Shao Fang , Wang Yuting , Xiao Yingqun , Xiao Lihua , Zhang Kesheng
Published: November 2015

The temperature rise exceeds over 1000°C in cutting process while working with PCBN tools high speed
machining. This intense temperature results in wearing of tools and thus diffusion and oxidation are mainly responsible
for wearing. This paper proposes the oxidation and diffusion wearing for PCBN cutting tools and analysis has been
carried out considering thermodynamics principles. The next step is to find out dissoluation concentration of PCBN tool
materials. The temperature range is different for these materials. The Gibbs free energy criterion is utilized for analysis
purposes and validates the formed diffusion reaction rules in extreme temperature scenario. The PCBN tools were used for
carrying out machining tests at different speeds 50, 95,100 and 180 m/min, feed of 0.1, 0.2 and depth of cut was 0.1, 0.8,
1, and 1.5 mm respectively on controlled lathe machine PUMA300LM. It was revealed that experimentals results matches
with theoratical data. These findings will be utilized for future reference for tools designing and material selection.
State-Dependent Riccati Equation Control for Motion Planning of Space
Manipulator Carrying a Heavy Payload
Authors: Jia Qingxuan , Liu Yong , Chen Gang , Sun Hanxu
Published: November 2015

In this paper, a nonlinear optimal control approach is proposed to plan the motion of a redundant free-floating
space manipulator (FFSM) when carrying a heavy payload. Optimal joint trajectories are determined to track a desired
end-effector path, for which limitations of the manipulator’s load-carrying capacity and tracking accuracy are
simultaneously considered. In this method, FFSM is described as a nonlinear system using the dynamics equation. The
integrated performance indicator is proposed as the cost function, which includes tracking error punishment of the endeffector,
joint-torques optimization, total energy improvement and instability avoidance of the base. Then the statedependent
Riccati equation (SDRE) is established and solved by Taylor series approximation method. The motion
planning algorithm is presented, subject to multi-constraints. Simulations are performed for a 7-DOF space manipulator
and the results are discussed to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
A Study on the Static Stability of Scissor Lift
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhang Chen , Zhao Jiangbo , Du Chunzhi
Published: November 2015

This research paper studies the static stability of six kinds of scissor lifts with one input force of hydraulic
actuator by having the input on the lines of the nodes of the scissor lifts. Firstly, the static stability of single scissor arm is
studied by using energy method and modeling method in the software Nastran. The stability results of two methods are
then compared. Subsequently, the scissor lift models with hydraulic actuators are prepared to analyze the static stability.
The static stability of six kinds of scissor lifts is compared. It is thus found that the results of the overall model are closer
to the actual situation. The analysis of single arm models has made it easier to compare the theoretical solutions and
modeling solutions thus the study on stability of single scissor arm has been proved to be meaningful.
Numerical Simulation for Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of LType Chaotic Channel
Authors: Cao Kan , Liu Minshan , Wang Yongqing , Liu Zunchao
Published: November 2015

In this paper, the author conducted numerical simulation on fluid flow and heat transfer of L-type chaotic
channel with the use of periodic model, compared with common straight channel, analyzed and gained microscopic
information flow field and temperature field distribution inside the channel, researched synergy of flow field and
temperature field inside the channel with the use of synergy principle, and discussed influences of different Re figures on
fluid heat transfer and flow inside the chaotic channel. Results show that L-type chaotic structure can generate chaotic
convection under lower flow velocity, which increases disturbing degree of fluid inside the channel, so as to promote
mixture and heat transfer of cold and hot fluid; synergy degree of velocity and temperature gradient on cross section of
chaotic channel are better than that of straight channel, and average synergy angles for outlet cross sections of such two
channels are respectively 66.3° and 88.0°; Nu number of L-type chaotic channel increases with the increase of Re.
Particularly, increasing range is more obvious at low Reynolds number, but at the same time, friction coefficient inside the
channel will increase.
Comparative Account of Quality Management and Regulatory Aspects of Products with Health Claims: Existing Approaches and Future Challenges for Probiotics and Herbal Products
Authors: Arora Malika , Baldi Ashish
Published: November 2015

Background:

Quality, the basic requirement, is meeting stated as well as implied needs of customer. It holds paramount significance when it is specifically related with health care products especially drugs and other related products. These traditional therapies are being explored today for its overwhelming roles in health care sector. However, lot many consequences are associated with traditional medicine with respect to their efficacy, safety and quality.

Methods:

For the present article, literature has been reviewed in context to current approaches, used for quality control of pharmaceuticals, probiotics and herbal across the globe.

Results:

This review has been compiled to discuss various factors associated with safety concern of selected health care products. It highlights various concerned factors associated with effective monitoring of the safety of traditional medicines including herbal products and live microorganisms i.e. probiotics and nutraceuticals in comparison to widely accepted pharmaceuticals.

Conclusion

Safety is supposed to be the major concern regarding health claiming products hence relevant regulatory regimes should be enforced to deliver quality as per demand of the consumer.