bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The main indicators of biosecurity and presence of house mouse (Mus musculus L.) in animal husbandry facilities
Authors: Djedovic S. , Bojkovski J. , Jokic G. , Scepovic T. , Vuksa M.
Published: July 2014

Analysis of biosecurity indicators at critical control points intend to
prevent undesirable infections in technological chains of production. Product
quality is the basis for defining a biosecurity plan under the HACCP concept.
General and specific biosecurity measures developed to prevent introductions
of infective materials have been at the focus of attention in Serbia in
recent years. The house mouse (Mus musculus L.) is usually accused for
transferring pathogens into objects. The possibility of internal infections
can be reduced by removing food sources and discovering their hiding places.
The adaptability of Mus musculus to various conditions has affected the
search for alternatives of their control. The objective of our research was
to analyse the most important indicators of biosecurity and presence of Mus
musculus, the ?cause-andconsequence? characteristics and mice control by
environmentally safe substances in facilities with different technological
processes. Method of questionnaire was used to define written biosecurity
plan, isolation of objects, control of movement and for traffic visitors.
Hygiene evaluation, i.e. mechanized cleaning, sanitary washing, facility
disinfection, ventilation and facility sanitation, was performed visually.
The biosecurity and wellbeing of animals were evaluated by the parameters:
animal hygienic conditions of rearing, forage stocks, animal biosecurity and
removal of animal carcasses. Longworth traps were used for mice trapping and
determination of critical control points. The efficacy of sodium selenite was
found in our study to range from 71.4% to 88.8% and it provided a good
alternative for Mus musculus control in different production units because it
does not interfere with technological production processes within facilities
or cause animal resistance. Biosecurity measures need to be implemented using
clear instructions in order to reduce biorisks and increase product safety.
Spectroscopic study of an icon painted on wooden panel
Authors: Stojanovic Sofija , Gajic-Kvascev Maja , Damjanovic Ljiljana
Published: July 2014

Russian icon painted on wooden panel analyzed in this work is interesting for
art historians because there is no precise information in which workshops it
was made or who the author was. Similar icons are often found in churches and
monasteries in our region. In order to obtain information about materials
used for creation of investigated icon two micro-analytical techniques were
used: Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence spectroscopy (EDXRF) and
micro-Raman spectroscopy. Obtained results confirmed presence of following
materials: lead-white, vermilion, minium, ultramarine, brown and green earth
pigments and silver in combination with yellow organic varnish, which served
to an iconographer for gilding. Ground layer was made of calcite. Blue
pigment ultramarine was probably used for blue colour as well as for
obtaining particulars hues in several parts of the paint layer. This can be
important information for further research concerning particular workshop in
which the icon was made. Identified materials are typical for Russian
iconography of the 19th century.
Changes in social structure and the role of the peasantry
Authors: Sljukic Srdjan
Published: July 2014

Modernization processes in rural areas not only lead to the separation of
peasant (traditional) and rural, due to the deagrarization and changes of
cultural and political patterns, but also to full integration of agriculture
into the social division of labor. As a part of economy, agriculture, in a
social sense, ceased to be linked exclusively to rural areas, which enables
the distinction between sociology of agriculture and rural sociology. In this
paper, the changes in class/strata structure of agriculture that took place
during the last two decades in the Serbian society are described and
explained. After that, an attempt was made to explain this new structure in
the context of a broader structure of Serbian society and its reproduction,
taking into the consideration the existing views (Lazic/Cvejic). The author
especially emphasises his critical views on some disputable issues.
Jared Diamond and Peter Turchin: Two contemporary theories of social collapse
Authors: Gajic Aleksandar
Published: July 2014

Theories of social collapse are not only the views that characterize
?societies deep in crisis?, but rather an expression of lack of belief in
prosperity and central importance of the civilization in which we live. These
theories follow processes of degradation of human societies, the decline of
civilization`s powers and the loss of its cultural values resulting in their
complete disappearance. This paper defines the subject of study and provides
an overview of the history of these theories and their contemporary types by
taking the main causes of collapse criteria as the basis for theory building.
After the review of contemporary multi-factor analysis of collapse, mainly
within the science of complex systems, full attention is focused on two
atypical, yet very productive, contemporary theories of social collapse that
are elaborated in detail: Jared Diamond`s theory, which studies social
collapses by observing relations of other variables that can lead to collapse
with environmental problems as central; and Peter Turchin`s theory which,
revitalizing with modern scientific achievements Ibn Khaldun`s classical
theory of ?asabia? (group feeling, spirit of community), sees social
collapses as a consequence of the decline of cohesion provided by asabia. The
final part of the work gives a critical review of these two theories and
their relation with classical theories of social collapse (primarily those of
Arnold Toynbee) and points to their mutual productive complementarity.
Homeland - longing and encouragement
Authors: Bojanin Svetomir
Published: July 2014

Our quest have discovered the reasonableness and the past of our given
reality, while the future appeared suddenly in our prime. This is the subject
of the paper. The future always comes suddenly. It comes from mere
imagination and, despite the light surrounding us, makes us understand that
we are walking in the dark, looking for ourselves as human beings in the
vastness of the world. In this quest, we try to walk with the shoreless
future towards solutions above the ambient which, somewhere at daybreaks, are
being born in front of us.
The Consequences of Cumulative Discrimination: How Special Schooling Influences Employment and Wages of Roma in the Czech Republic
Authors: O'Higgins Niall , Brüggemann Christian
Published: July 2014

Unequal labour market outcomes between Roma and non-Roma have typically been explained by either the low level of educational attainment on the one hand or labour marked discrimination on the other — or both. A number of studies have found that significant labour market inequalities persist even after the low levels of educational attainment amongst Roma have been accounted for. This article looks at the role of special schooling in driving labour market inequalities between Roma and non-Roma in the Czech Republic. The article confirms the findings of other studies that Roma face significant differences in labour market outcomes which cannot be explained in terms of educational attainment. Moreover, the authors find that the discriminatory streaming of Roma into special remedial schools for the mentally disabled influences both labour market outcomes and the level of educational attainment; the latter effect being particularly strong. Special school attendance explains a small part of Roma labour market discrimination as typically measured, but its main impact is through lowering Roma educational attainment suggesting an additional discriminatory element in Roma and non-Roma labour market outcomes, which is more typically ascribed to ‘justified’ Roma and non-Roma educational differences. Thus, the authors propose that labour market inequality should not only be understood as a result of low attainment and labour market discrimination per se, but as a complex outcome of cumulative discrimination. In contrast to previous articles which take a parametric approach assuming common support between Roma and non-Roma, the non-parametric matching approach employed here explicitly takes into consideration the substantial differences in educational attainment observable between Roma and non-Roma.
Pedagogising Knowledge in Multigrade Roma Schools: Potentials and Tensions of Innovation
Authors: Kárpáti Andrea , Molnár ÉVA D. , Munkácsy Katalin
Published: July 2014

Low school achievement and frequent dropout of Hungarian Roma students from primary education is mostly an effect of inadequate curriculum content and teaching methodology. Between 2004 and 2011, the UNESCO affiliated Research Centre for Multimedia in Education at Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE University) in Budapest, Hungary coordinated a series of learning experiments partnered with teaching staff and parents to develop developmental programmes using Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to enhance learning motivation and performance through the integration of the mundane knowledge of students and the recontextualised expert knowledge inherent in the national curriculum. Experiments involved primary schools in small villages with Roma student majority. Verbal and visual communication skills were developed through pair and group work during interdisciplinary activities based on music, arts and crafts traditionally present in Roma communities. Our results prove that lack of motivation and perspective, as well as factors resulting in low learning attainment, may be overcome through culturally grounded ICT-supported teaching and learning. Through staff development and curriculum enrichment, the projects also contributed to integration: they supported the continuation of studies of students in secondary level institutions of their choice, a prerequisite for better chances on the labour market or in higher education.
Lost in Translation? A Case Study of Macao in Fabricating a European Education Space in Asia
Authors: Vong Teresa Sou-Kuan , Wong Matilda
Published: July 2014

The creation of a European education space has been extensively discussed in Europe. Many scholars are concerned about the way in which the emergence of ‘global governmentality’, such as the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)'s Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), has produced a ‘soft governance’ in which massive numerical data are used to standardise a European education space. Some challenge whether this global development, namely the PISA data, could serve as the ‘gold standard’ in producing the global ‘script’ for national contexts. Asian countries participating in PISA, while engaging in this ‘process of Europeanisation’, have become fanatics in the area of benchmarking and international comparisons without realising the underlying agenda. They consume and are being consumed by the Europeanisation process, and the effects of this ‘global development’ led by International Organisations (IOs) are irreversible. This article is written from an Asian perspective, and is about Macao, a former European colony, and aims to interrogate and to reflect on PISA's impacts on the territory and to reveal what part the OECD has taken to shape and re-order Macao's educational landscape. The European education space was never created during colonial years before 1999. Macao's engagement in the European agenda only commenced when she joined PISA in 2003. The article queries: (1) are we aware of the ‘fabrication’ of a European education space in Macao?; and (2) how do we translate such ‘fabrication’ to our local system?
Teacher Change in an Era of Neo-Liberal Policies: A Neo-Institutional Analysis of Teachers' Perceptions of Their Professional Change
Authors: Ramberg Magnus Rye
Published: July 2014

The aim of this article is to explore how neo-institutional theory may be applied as an analytical framework to investigate the relationships between teachers' perceptions on their professional change on the one hand, and the numerous change efforts embedded in recent neo-liberal educational policies in Norway on the other. Based on biographical interviews with Norwegian teachers, it is argued that the dynamics of change can be investigated in light of teachers' institutionalised practices within a certain set of governing mechanisms including regulative rules, norms and cultural-cognitive beliefs. The findings suggest that vital, regulative elements in recent neoliberal policies have managed to penetrate the teachers' perceptions of their classroom practices, in a process that is framed by teachers' pre-existing normative values and the cultural scripts guiding their practices. This article concludes that the neo-institutional analytical framework may serve as a sound approach to investigate and compare how issues of teacher change are unfolding across European education systems and policies.
‘Back to the Future’ in a Ukrainian Manner: Examining the Impact of the Contradictory 2001 and 2010 Education Reforms on Ukrainian Schools and Science Subjects
Authors: Fomichova Kseniya , Kazama Futaba , Misonou Taku
Published: July 2014

This study analyses and evaluates the impact of two recent (2001 and 2010) education reforms on Ukrainian secondary schools, and, in particular, on science subjects (physics, chemistry, biology and Earth science), in terms of the structural, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the reformed disciplines. It also examines societal attitudes towards the changes introduced in education and explains the reasons behind them. The 2001 reform prescribed a gradual shift from a 10- or 11-year school system to a 12-year one as a measure needed for the integration of Ukraine into the European Higher Education Area according to the Bologna Process. The first graduates of the new course of study would have completed it in 2013. However, the reform implementation was interrupted on 6 July 2010, when the newly elected president signed Law 2442–17, which became a starting point for the 2010 reform enacting the return to 11 years of study. Both reforms were politically charged and met with a mainly negative attitude by the general population, which was particularly evident in the responses of teachers who considered certain key aspects of the 2001 and 2010 reforms to be an unnecessary political interference in an otherwise effective model of schooling.
On the structure of [Al(DMSO2)3]3+
Authors: Breza Martin
Published: July 2014

The most stable [Al(DMSO2)3]3+ complex cation in dimethyl sulfone (DMSO2, (CH3)2SO2) has D3 symmetry with twofold axes in Al-S lines coincident with the twofold rotation axes of mutually turned DMSO2 ligands by ca 60°. The central Al atom is hexacoordinated by six O atoms with nearly octahedral coordination. More than one electron is transferred to the Al central atom from DMSO2 ligands. Weaker and longer S-O, stronger and shorter S-C bonds, lower O-S-O bond angles and greater O-S-C and C-S-C ones in [Al(DMSO2)3]3+ than in free DMSO2 are implied by weak Al-O bonding.
Testing of selected probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria isolated from vegetarians and meat-eaters faeces
Authors: Hybenová Eva , Birošová Lucia , Nagyová Kristína , Štofirová Júlia , Šaková Nikoleta , Olejníková Petra , Kaliňáková Barbora
Published: July 2014

The aim of this work was to evaluate presence and properties of lactic acid bacteria in the faeces of 240 volunteers with various nutrition habits (vegetarians versus meat-eaters). Lactic acid bacteria counts in all age groups were nearly 5 or 6 logarithmic orders. Significantly higher amounts were found in women. Subsequently, based on the age and dietary pattern of probands, four samples were selected for isolation of lactic acid bacteria and identification of isolates in order to assign them to bacterial species. About 80 lactic acid bacteria were isolated from the faeces of young (21-30 years) and older (51-60 years) vegetarians and meateaters. The identification of the isolates was based on their morphological and biochemical characteristics. Isolates belong to lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, enterococci and propionibacteria. Surprisingly, bifidobacteria were predominated in older age group. The following probiotic properties were determined: survival at low pH value, and bile salt hydrolase activity. All strains were negative in bile salt hydrolase activity, but their growth was not inhibited in the presence of bile. The results from the study of survival at low pH value showed considerable variability in both dietary groups regardless the age of probands. However, it can be concluded, that bacteria isolated from the samples of older probands were more sensitive to acid pH.
Modified concept of axial-flux permanent magnet machine with field weakening capability
Authors: Paplicki Piotr
Published: July 2014

This paper presents the concept of an innovative field-controlled axial-flux permanent-magnet (FCAFPM) machine. In order to show the working principle and features of the proposed dual-rotor with surface-mounted PM’s and iron poles, a toroidally- wounded slotted single-stator FCAFPM machine is investigated and analyzed in detail, using 3-D FEAnalysis. The control range, back electromotive force (back-EMF), output and cogging torque components have been evaluated.
WTHD minimisation in hybrid multilevel inverter using biogeographical based optimisation
Authors: Kavitha R. , Thottungal Rani
Published: July 2014

Harmonic minimisation in hybrid cascaded multilevel inverter involves complex nonlinear transcendental equation with multiple solutions. Hybrid cascaded multilevel can be implemented using reduced switch count when compared to traditional cascaded multilevel inverter topology. In this paper Biogeographical Based Optimisation (BBO) technique is applied to Hybrid multilevel inverter to determine the optimum switching angles with weighted total harmonic distortion (WTHD) as the objective function. Optimisation based on WTHD combines the advantage of both OMTHD (Optimal Minimisation of Total Harmonic Distortion) and SHE (Selective Harmonic Elimination) PWM. WTHD optimisation has the benefit of eliminating the specific lower order harmonics as in SHEPWM and minimisation of THD as in OMTHD. The simulation and experimental results for a 7 level multilevel inverter were presented. The results indicate that WTHD optimization provides both elimination of lower order harmonics and minimisation of Total Harmonic Distortion when compared to conventional OMTHD and SHE PWM. Experimental prototype of a seven level hybrid cascaded multilevel inverter is implemented to verify the simulation results.
Three-phase hybrid transformer using matrix-chopper as an interface between two AC voltage sources
Authors: Kaniewski J. , Fedyczak Z. , Szcześniak P.
Published: July 2014

This paper deals with a three-phase power system with hybrid transformer (HT) installed between two AC sources. The main aim of this paper is analyze the basic properties of HT with active load and ability to bidirectional energy flow. The HT contains two main units - a conventional transformer with electromagnetic coupling and PWM AC line chopper connected with secondary windings with electric coupling. The HT is located between the distribution system and a Local Balancing Area (LBA) with low power local energy sources. After describing the HT circuit and three-phase, twosources power system, the mathematical and circuit models of the AC source with HT are presented. These models are verified by means of the simulation and experimental test results obtained for a three-phase HT of about 3 kVA rated power.
Optimal power flow with transmission cost solution under bilateral and multilateral transactions
Authors: J. Bastin Solai Nazaran , Selvi K.
Published: July 2014

In a deregulated electricity market, it is important to dispatch the generation in an economical manner and to ensure security under different operating conditions. In this study evolutionary computation based solution for optimal power flow is attempted. Social welfare optimization is taken as the objective function, which includes generation cost, transmission cost and consumer benefit function. Transmission cost is calculated using Bialek’s power flow tracing method. Severity index is applied as a constraint to measure the security. The objective function is calculated for pre and post contingency periods. Real power generations, real power loads and transformer tap settings are selected as control variables. Different bilateral and multilateral conditions are considered for analysis. A Human Group Optimization algorithm is used to find the solution of the problem. The IEEE 30 bus system is taken as a test system.
Fault location technique using GA-ANFIS for UHV line
Authors: Banu G. , Suja S.
Published: July 2014

This paper presents an improved approach for locating and identifying faults for UHV overhead Transmission line by using GA-ANFIS. The proposed method uses one end data to identify the fault location. The ANFIS can be viewed either as a Fuzzy system, neural network or fuzzy neural network FNN. The integration with neural technology enhances fuzzy logic system on learning capabilities are proposed to analyze the UHV system under different fault conditions. The performance variation of two controllers in finding fault location is analyzed. This paper analyses various faults under different conditions in an UHV using Matlab/simulink. The proposed method is evaluated under different fault conditions such as fault inception angle, fault resistance and fault distance. Simulation results confirm that the proposed method can be used as an efficient for accurate fault location on the transmission line.
Study on the influence of output inductance on DBD plasma uniformity
Authors: Hołub Marcin
Published: July 2014

The presented work gives an overview on simulation and experimental results of the power supply parameters’ influence on DBD discharge uniformity. The proposed study is about the use of quasi-pulsed, power electronic power supply and a saturable inductor in series with the discharge cell [1]. The simulation results are presented with a parallel DBD reactor model with linear critical voltage distribution. A more uniform current waveform is observed, however, due to small reactor capacitances no streamer formation could be verified in calculations. An experimental test stand was prepared with a double dielectric barrier discharge arrangement. The experimental results are presented with regard to the electrical oscilloscope waveforms and ICCD camera imaging. A more homogenous plasma was observed in the case of saturable inductor with saturation current set at the point of discharge formation. Two possible mechanisms are connected with this phenomenon - inductive element current support during discharge and/or current rise-time limitation [1].
Design considerations of high-speed eddy-current brake
Authors: Garbiec Tomasz , Kowol Marcin , Kołodziej Janusz
Published: July 2014

The paper presents results of analysis of the influence of rotor construction on the steady-state torque-speed characteristics of a high-speed eddy-current brake. The investigation is carried out using two- and three-dimensional finite element models and measurements. A series of computations is carried out in order to find out the method for performance improvement of the considered system.
Modelling concept of N×M matrix converter under periodic control for dynamic states
Authors: Sieńko Tomasz , Sobczyk Tadeusz J.
Published: July 2014

This paper presents a concept of an N×M Matrix Converter (MC) modeling under periodic control strategy patented in Poland. This strategy allows to change an Nphase input system of voltages and current with the frequency fi to the M-phase output system with the frequency fo, maintaining both systems symmetrical and providing small distortions of voltage and current waveforms at rather high frequencies. In this paper the control strategy is extended for dynamic states when one of the frequencies is changed. Matrix converter equations have been derived using the constrain matrix, which is determined by the switch states. The equations have the hybrid form of a multi-port circuit. To simplify these equations the symmetrical components of input and output voltages and currents have been applied. As a result, rather simple equations have been found. They can be interpreted to an equivalent scheme. All considerations are illustrated using an exemplary 6×3 matrix converter.
Weed control in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) using integrated soil applied herbicides and seed hydro-priming pretreatment
Authors: Vafaei Samaneh , Razmjoo Jamshid , Karimmojeni Hassan
Published: July 2014

This study explores the effects of the pre-emergence herbicides alachlor (1680; 2400 g ha-1) and trifluralin (720; 1200 g ha-1), the post-emergence herbicides bentazone (360; 480 g ha-1) and haloxyfop (250; 375 g ha-1) and their combinations, along with the effect of seed hydro-priming on weed control, growth and yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Hydropriming reduced the interval from planting to seedling establishment, increased the seedling dry weight and the crop grain yield. Based on grain yield, 720 g ha-1 trifluralin followed by 250+720 g ha-1 holoxyfob + trifluralin, 250 +1680 g ha-1 holoxyfob + alachlor, 2400 g ha-1 alachlor, and 1680 g ha-1 alachlor, all combined with priming, were the best treatments. The results showed that proper combination of pre- and post-emergence herbicides along with seed priming could be used to control the weeds in the sesame and obtain seed yield comparable with weed-free conditions
Yield and quality of maize from spent engine oil contaminated soils amended with compost under screenhouse conditions
Authors: Adewole Moses Bamidele , Aboyeji Adejumoke Oluwatoyin
Published: July 2014

The study investigated the effects of poultry manure compost (PMC) on the growth performance and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) when cultivated on spent engine oil (SEO) contaminated soil with a view to assessing its nutritional composition. The experiment consisted of three SEO treatments (0%, 1% and 2% w/w) with six levels (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 t ha-1) of PMC applications. Each treatment was replicated thrice and arranged in a 3 × 6 × 3 factorial completely randomized design to give a total of 54 pots. At full physiological maturity, maize grains were harvested and threshed manually for analysis. As the bioavailability of metals increased with increasing PMC, their uptake by maize plants was enhanced. The soil amended with 10 t ha-1 and contaminated with 1% SEO recorded the highest uptake rates of 1.761 × 10-2, 2.345 × 10-2 and 4.285 × 10-2 day-1 for Fe, Cu and Pb respectively. Also, the significantly (P<0.05) highest yield of maize (5.8 t ha-1) and the highest nutritional values of crude protein (11.27 g 100 g-1) and crude fibre (2.71 g 100 g-1) were obtained with zero SEO soil contamination at 10 t ha-1 PMC applications. There was evidence of yield and nutritional quality reduction of maize when cultivated on SEO contaminated soils with or without poultry compost fertilization
Isolation of coagulase negative Enterococcous sp. strains from non-broiler chicken producing bacteriocin active against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Yusuf Moshood Al-Haji , Abdul Hamid Tengku Haziyamin Tengku
Published: July 2014

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from the bile, gizzard, intestine and caecum of the Malaysian domestic non-broiler chicken. Of the 56 isolates grown on MRS agar plates, 7 - namely, B3L3, B4L4, G5L5, B5L6, B10L7, I1L8, and C4L10 - showed inhibition against the methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). These isolates were all Gram positive cocci, non-spore forming, and catalase negative. The purified fraction from the three phase partitioning (TPP) method, employing t-butanol and ammonium sulfate, produced inhibitory zones of 8 to 18 mm in diameter on the indicator organism, Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The TPP purified fraction contained heat stable proteins of about 10 kDa in size and was inactivated by trypsin. Based on the partial rDNA sequences (>89% similarity), isolates B4L4 and G5L5 belonged to Enterococcus hirae; isolate B3L3 belonged to Enterococcus faecium; isolates B5L6, B10L7, I1L8 to Enterococcus faecalis; and isolate C4L10 to Enterococcus mundtii. These probiotic strains, exclusively isolated from the Malaysian non-broiler chicken, produced an antimicrobial protein or bacteriocin which was active against a pathogenic strain of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
Biomarkers used to assess radio- and chemotherapy-induced lymphocyte genome instability in a case of cerebral infarction during relapse of a testicular seminoma
Authors: Gamulin Marija , Pastuhović Ana , Šantek Fedor , Grgić Mislav , Kopjar Nevenka
Published: July 2014

We report a case of a testicular seminoma patient with relapse who was irradiated after acute cerebral infarction induced by cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Lymphocytic genome instability was studied using an alkaline comet assay, analysis of structural chromosome aberrations, and cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay in blood samples collected before and after PET CT scanning that preceded radiotherapy, as well as before the administration of the first and after the administration of the last fraction of 3D conformal radiation. A challengetest with hydrogen peroxide (H
Bio-effects Monitoring of Workers in the Cotton Industry
Authors: Wali Khan Abdul , Nersesyan Armen
Published: July 2014

There is still unprotected and continuous exposure to cotton dusts, endotoxins, chemicals due to chemical and mechanical processes and to ergonomic hazards in the cotton industry of Pakistan, resulting in different types of public health problems in cotton workers. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of byssinosis and other public health problems in cotton factories of Faisalabad; to measure cotton dusts and endotoxins in different cotton factories and to correlate their effects on lungs via Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs) and to determine cytotoxic and genotoxic cellular effects in buccal cells due to long term exposure to cotton dusts and endotoxins in exposed cotton workers against a controlled/non-exposed group. Public health problems and occupational safety will be assessed via a structured check list. A structured questionnaire will be administered to 800 cotton workers to determine the prevalence of byssinosis and other health problems. PFTs will be performed on selected exposed cotton workers. Cotton dusts and endotoxins will be measured in different sections of different cotton factories. Buccal cells will be collected from 50 exposed cotton weavers and also from similar numbered matched controlled/non-exposed group. The organic cotton dusts contain endotoxin which is associated with acute and chronic inflammation of the respiratory tract, resulting in decline in lung function and in a clinical condition called “byssinosis”, organic dust toxic syndrome and chronic airway obstruction. As the exposure leads to inflammation, so there may be cytotoxicity in buccal cells.
The Water Desorption Curves of Tobacco / Über die Wasserdesorption des Tabaks
Authors: Dimitris I. Zorbalas
Published: July 2014

The evolution of the desorption curves of different Greek cigarette brands at a relative humidity of air of above 5 % is presented by means of the formula established by Brunauer, Emmet and Teller. The hygroscopic equilibrium attained with determined temperature and relative humidity of air depends on the yield of tobacco smoke condensate. The higher the condensate values are, the lower are the tobacco moisture levels. A quantitative relation could not be demonstrated
A Device for Separating Tobacco from Cigarettes / Vorrichtung zum Entleeren des Tabaks aus Cigaretten
Authors: Beguin S
Published: July 2014

A device is described which allows the separation of tobacco from cigarettes at a rate of 2000 cigts/hour whilst the cigarette paper remains intact
The Loss of Volatile Oils in Oriental Tobacco During Pre-Moistening in the Vacuum Chamber - Über den Verlust an ätherischen Ölen bei der Vorfeuchtung von Orienttabaken in der Vakuum-Kammer
Authors: Byckling E.
Published: July 2014

If a firm processes all grades of tobacco in a vacuum chamber, it is feared that the conditions of temperature and pressure present will cause a deterioration in quality by loss of the volatile oils, and particularly in the oriental grades, which are rich in volatile oils. Four grades of Oriental tobacco were pre-moistened in the vacuum chamber under different conditions. We described an analytical method of determining the content of volatile oils in tobacco, and the samples of tobacco were tested by this method. For samples which had a volatile content of 0.15 %-0.21 %, and which had not been moistened in the vacuum chamber, the tests produced the following results: In the process which was used to moisten the Oriental tobacco, a single operation of pumping out the vacuum chamber to a pressure of less than 1/100th atmosphere and subsequent induction of steam, there was a loss of 5 % - 6 % of the total content of volatile oils. We then treated our samples and some American tobacco under the same conditions, but with the most intensive method of moistening, "Hi-Vac". After the first evacuation, a supply of steam was alternately sucked in and drawn off in four further stages. This resulted in 9 % -10 % of the total oil content of the tobacco going to waste. Tobacco experts observed that even a loss of 5 % - 6 % of the volatile oils was detrimental to the flavour of oriental mixtures. If, however, about 30 % of Oriental tobacco grades is added to the total mixture, no difference in flavour can be noticed.
Studies on the Water Binding Conditions of Lignin. A Model Study on the Water Binding Conditions of Tobacco - Untersuchungen über die Wasserbindungsverhältnisse des Lignins: Eine Modellstudie als Beitrag zur Klärung der WasserbindungsverhäItnisse des Tabaks
Authors: Jodl R.
Published: July 2014

Water is bound by lignin similar to a hydratate binding, by adsorption, by capillarity, and as crude moisture. This can be concluded from the evaluation of the sorption isothermes of lignin. Investigations by x-rays demonstrate that there was no intracrystalline integration of water molecules.
The Survival and Growth Rates of Woody Vegetation in the Man-Made Radějov Biocorridor During the Period of 1993 - 2012
Authors: Jelínek Boleslav , Úradníček Luboš
Published: July 2014

The first biocorridors were established in the territory of the Czech Republic in the 1990s. One of them, planted on a former agricultural land, was the Radějov biocorridor. This paper deals with the growth and development of trees and shrubs on three permanent research plots in 1993 - 2012. Repeated inventories of trees as well as monitoring of their biometrical parameters were carried out in both tree and shrub layers. The number of trees decreases with the increasing level of stand canopy. Moreover, mean heights, diameters and crown projection areas of selected woody plants were compared. Under the given conditions, the growth of these woody plants can be positively evaluated.
Magnetic Susceptibility of Quasi-two-dimensional Cuprate Antiferromagnets
Authors: Rutonjski Milica S. , Pantić Milan R. , Radošević Slobodan M. , Pavkov-Hrvojević Milica V.
Published: July 2014

Parallel magnetic susceptibility temperature dependence of the high-TC superconducting parent compound La2CuO4 is calculated in both antiferromagnetic (AFM) and paramagnetic phase. By making use of the quantum Heisenberg three-dimensional AFM model including the in-plane spin anisotropy, the calculation is performed within the framework of three different theories: Green’s function theory in random-phase approximation (RPA), linear spinwave (LSW) theory and mean-field (MF) theory. The results suggest that at low temperatures quantum spin fluctuations play an important role, while at the temperatures above the critical one short-range correlations have a great impact on the behavior of the system. This leads to the discrepancy between RPA and MF results, since the later neglects the above phenomena. Further, LSW theory expectedly agrees with RPA results only at low temperatures where the magnon interactions are negligible. Comparison to the theoretical and experimental results quoted in literature confirms that RPA method presents the most appropriate method among the applied ones, suggesting that this approach is satisfactory in the case of the parallel magnetic susceptibility, while in order to reproduce the transversal one, spin-orbit coupling must be included.
Raman spectra of quasi-binary glasses As2S3−GeS2 doped with Er
Authors: Petrović V. B. , Gúth I. O. , Lukić-Petrović S. R.
Published: July 2014

This work is concerned with a study of chalcogenide glasses doped with the rare-earth element erbium. The study was carried out on samples of the quasibinary system As2S3−GeS2 doped with erbium at the concentrations of 0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 at %. Raman spectroscopy was used to identify the presence of particular structural units in the glass matrix. The spectra of all the samples are characterized by an intense peak appearing as a consequence of the stretching of the As-S and Ge-S bonds. Further, several low-intensity peaks of different origin were also registered. These peaks arise due to the stretching of the bonds in the ring S8 and the bonds resulting from the existence of the ethane-type molecules (GeSn) in some of the samples. The peaks in the spectrum of the sample with the highest erbium content are characterized by the peaks that can be attributed to the stretching of the bond Er-S.
X-ray diffraction characterization of different polymorphyc forms of clopidogrel bisulphate in substance and pharmaceutical dosage form
Authors: Klisurića Olivera R. , Rakića Srđan J. , Cvetinov Miroslav J. , Stojanović Maja M. , Nikolić Andrea R. , Jovanović Santa Suzana S. , Marković Ana R. , Solomun Ljiljana N.
Published: July 2014

The present study deals with the application of X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) analysis as a technique for identification of the forms of clopidogrel bisulphate (CLP) present in both the active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) and tablets, specifically addressing the question of whether API converts to another form after 12 months of storage. The investigation of the possibility of phase transitions occurring over a temperature range spanning from room temperature to the melting point, both in tablets and pure CLP, were also performed. Tablet samples were observed for the changes in their structure using polarizing optical microscopy, which was also used to determine the melting points of tablet samples. The results gained during this work confirm that XRPD is applicable for API and tablets testing. This is particularly important if we take into account that the method can be used during stability studies, i.e. in order to test the quality of tablets during the validity period.
Heat transfer in the plastic phases I and II of cyclopentane
Authors: Konstantinov V. , Sagan V. , Revyakin V. , Karachevtseva A. , Pursky O.
Published: July 2014

Thermal conductivity of solid cyclopentane C5H10 has been measured at isochoric conditions in the plastic phases I and II for samples of different densities. Isochoric thermal conductivity is nearly constant in phase II and increases with temperature in phase I. Such behaviour is attributed to weakening of the translational orientational coupling which, in turn, leads to a decrease of phonon scattering on rotational excitations. The experimental data are described in terms of a modified Debye model of thermal conductivity with allowance for heat transfer by both low-frequency phonons and diffusive modes.
Quiescent satellite glial cells of the adult trigeminal ganglion
Authors: Rusu Mugurel , Mănoiu Valentina , Mirancea Nicolae , Nini Gheorghe
Published: July 2014

Sensory ganglia comprise functional units built up by neurons and satellite glial cells (SGCs). In animal species there was proven the presence of neuronoglial progenitor cells in adult samples. Such neural crest-derived progenitors were found in immunohistochemistry (IHC). These findings were not previously documented in transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was thus aimed to assess in TEM if cells of the human adult trigeminal ganglion indeed have ultrastructural features to qualify for a progenitor, or quiescent phenotype. Trigeminal ganglia were obtained from fifteen adult donor cadavers. In TEM, cells with heterochromatic nuclei, a pancytoplasmic content of free ribosomes, few perinuclear mitochondria, poor developed endoplasmic reticulum, lack of Golgi complexes and membrane trafficking specializations, were found included in the neuronal envelopes built-up by SGCs. The ultrastructural pattern was strongly suggestive for these cells being quiescent progenitors. However, further experiments should correlate the morphologic and immune phenotypes of such cells.
Orbital Rhabdomyosarcoma with a good life prognosis after surgical treatment in a 14-year-old patient
Authors: Nicula Cristina , Nicula Dorin , Blidaru Mihai , Ghiţuică Adrian , Neamtu Stefania , Saplonţai-Pop Aniela
Published: July 2014

The orbital rhabdomyosarcoma is one of the most frequent malignant orbital tumours in children. At this age, the common histological types are the embryonal and alveolar type. The onset is mainly under the age of 16. Without a recent and correct treatment it can give metastasis in lung and bone. The hereby paper presents one clinical case of a teenager presented at the ophthalmological consultation for a small tumor located in the superomedial part of the orbit. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) supported the diagnosis revealing the location and extension of the tumor. During the surgery, we discovered two small tumors and the histological examination revealed an embryonal type of orbital rhabdomyosarcoma. After the surgery, the patient followed an oncological treatment consisting of chemotherapy and local radiotherapy. The prognosis for life was favorable, linked with the recent diagnosis and treatment, the histological type and the good response at the oncological treatment.
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Šileikis Audrius , Kildušis Edvinas , Janavičius Ramūnas , Strupas Kęstutis
Published: July 2014

Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome, type 1 (MEN1) is an underdiagnosed autosomal dominant inherited cancer predisposition syndrome with inter- and intrafamilial variability without a known genotype-phenotype correlation. Disease is caused by mutations in the MEN1 gene located on chromosome 11, but other genes (CDKN1B, AIP) and mechanisms might be involved too. We performed retrospective case series study of MEN1 syndrome patient and his family and present our experience of management of genetically confirmed 9 MEN1 syndrome large family members from Lithuania with novel MEN1 gene mutation (MEN1 exon 6 — c. 879delT (p.Pro293Profs*76)) and delineate its clinical phenotype. At present the diagnosis of MEN1 syndrome must be established by direct mutation testing. MEN1 syndrome patients, their relatives and patients suspected of MEN1 are eligible for mutation testing. Patients with MEN1 have a shorter life expectancy than the general population. MEN1 patients and mutation carriers should be subjected to periodic screening in order to detect manifestations in an early stage. Early genetic diagnosis and subsequent periodic screening is associated with less morbidity and mortality at follow-up. Our study confirmed the absence of genotype-phenotype correlation and showed high intrafamilial clinical expression variability of the MEN1 syndrome.
Clinical pharmacokinetics in optimal gentamicin dosing regimen in neonates
Authors: Vučićević Katarina , Rakonjac Zorica , Janković Borisav , Vezmar Kovačević Sandra , Miljković Branislava , Prostran Milica
Published: July 2014

Gentamicin is readily used for suspected or proven sepsis in neonates, yet it shows considerable inter-individual pharmacokinetic variability, which limits achievements of therapeutic levels. Hence, the aim of this study was to compare peak and trough gentamicin concentrations according to dosing regimen, to evaluate pharmacokinetic parameters, and to consider adjustments of dosing regimen. Babies with infection were treated with 1 h infusion, and daily dose of 5 or 7.5 mg/kg depending on the age. Patients were randomized into two groups: I — dosing interval 12 h (n=8), II — 24 h (n=11). Two steady-state blood samples were obtained. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using one-compartment model. The results showed a difference (p<0.05) in peak gentamicin concentrations between the groups, and tendency of lower trough levels in the group II. Calculated pharmacokinetic parameters included the volume of distribution (Vd) 0.52±0.47 l/kg, clearance (CL) 0.055±0.036 l/hkg and a half-life (t1/2) of 6.89±3.21 h. Based on the method for dosing regimen adjustments, there was a need to extend dosing interval to 36 h in 6 patients
Management of acute cholecystitis and acute cholangitis in emergency setting
Authors: Liau Kui-Hin , Teh Catherine , Serrablo Alejandro
Published: July 2014

Acute biliary infection (acute cholecystitis and acute cholangitis) is one of the common emergency conditions which carries significant morbidity and mortality. The risk factors are often associated with gallstones, biliary stasis and bile infection. Gram-negative bacteria are frequent isolates from bile and blood cultures in infectious cholangitis. Endotoxaemia from the gram-negative microbes results in circulatory shock and organ dysfunction. Therefore, prompt diagnosis with severity stratification and recognition of its potential rapid progression to life-threatening shock and multi-organ failure ensure execution of the three fundamental interventions in the initial management strategy, namely: resuscitation to support the organ, antimicrobial therapy and biliary decompression drainage to control the infection. This is the core principle in the management of severe acute cholangitis.
Amiodarone neurotoxicity: the other side of the medal
Authors: Galassi Giuliana , Georgoulopoulou Eleni , Ariatti Alessandra
Published: July 2014

The efficacy of amiodarone is tempered by its toxicity, with 50% of long-term users discontinuing the drug. The non-cardiac side effects of amiodarone may involve central and peripheral nervous system. We studied two patients treated with amiodarone for 46 and 15 months respectively. Both patients exhibited progressive distal extremity weakness, impaired perception, loss of deep reflexes. Electrophysiology identified a widespread, sensorimotor polyneuropathy with features of axonal loss and demyelination. Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) showed prolonged P100 latency bilaterally in absence of visual symptoms or brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities. Extensive laboratory examinations excluded known causes of peripheral neuropathies. At 21 months after amiodarone withdrawal, P100 latency of case 1 VEPs returned to normal, whereas polyneuropathy continued to progress. In the second patient neuropathy has worsened similarly over 2 years whereas P100 latency of VEPs recovered to normal within 7 months after withdrawal of amiodarone. These findings may suggest different mechanisms of toxicity, which could be due to amiodarone pharmacokinetic and its metabolite effects on the peripheral nerves, as opposed to the optic nerve. We emphasize that use of amiodarone needs monitoring of patients at risk of development side effects.