bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Customized Titanium Plates for Preventing Mandibular Fractures in Lower Third Molar Extractions
Authors: Onică Cezara Andreea , Lupu Costin Iulian , Baciu Elena-Raluca , Gelețu Gabriela Luminița , Murariu Alice , Budală Dana Gabriela , Luchian Ionuț , Onică Neculai
Published: February 2025

The extraction of deeply impacted lower third molars is a common yet challenging surgical procedure associated with complications such as mandibular fractures, pain, and swelling. This study evaluated the effectiveness of customized 3D-printed titanium plates in reducing the risk of intraoperative iatrogenic mandibular fractures. This innovative approach aims to improve surgical outcomes, enhance patient safety, and boost confidence for both surgeons and patients. Eighteen patients with Pell and Gregory class II/IIIC impacted lower third molars underwent preoperative CBCT scans, which facilitated the design and fabrication of customized plates and drilling guides. The surgical procedure involved incision, flap elevation, precise plate placement, osteotomy, odontotomy, extraction, and the postoperative assessment of pain, swelling, trismus, and anxiety using validated scales and facial scanning. The results show that customized titanium plates successfully prevented mandibular fractures in all cases. Although initial postoperative discomfort, including swelling, trismus, and pain, was observed, significant improvements occurred within one week. This technique provided structural reinforcement during surgery and healing without adverse events or fractures. Customized 3D-printed titanium plates represent a safe and effective solution for minimizing mandibular fractures, offering promising improvements in surgical outcomes.
The Impact of Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback on Anxiety Reduction and Batting Performance Enhancement in Taiwan University Baseball Players
Authors: Su Yun-Ting , Huang Po-Hsun , Hsiao Tzu-Chien
Published: February 2025

Background: A commonly observed phenomenon is that although the players in a baseball team have received the same training content and volume, their batting performance is quite different. As no optimal solution exists for this problem at present, this study attempted to explore the potential of heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB) to reduce anxiety and improve batting performance in university baseball players. Materials and Methods: A total of 18 college baseball players were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. Both groups answered questionnaires and had their physiological signals and batting performance measured on the first and last days of the experiment (i.e., days 0 and 10, respectively). Only the experimental group received HRVB training between the first and last days (10 days in total). Results: The results showed that before training, no significant differences were found in physiological, psychological, or performance parameters between the two groups. Compared to the control group, following HRVB training, the experimental group showed a notable decrease in cognitive anxiety (before HRVB: 23.56 ± 4.07; after HRVB: 20.11 ± 4.78; p < 0.05) and their batting performance improved significantly (batting score increased from 9.8 ± 11.7 to 19.8 ± 12.0 after HRVB; p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study validated that the use of HRVB can help to improve batting performance and reduce anxiety in college baseball players. Therefore, HRVB can be applied before competition matches, helping the players to perform better.
Provenance Evolution of the Paleogene Enping Formation in the Northern Pearl River Mouth Basin and Its Influence on the Sedimentary Infilling of Offshore Petroliferous Sags
Authors: Liu Shengqian , He Youbin , Zhao Zhongxiang , Chen Ying
Published: February 2025

The Pearl River Mouth Basin (PRMB) had two potential provenances (intrabasinal and extrabasinal) during the Paleogene Enping Formation period. However, the understanding of their differences in source supply and evolution over time and space is limited due to the regional restriction in borehole coverage. This study aims to address the knowledge gap by utilizing detrital zircon U-Pb dating data, seismic data, and borehole data. Specifically, this study focuses on examining the characteristics of provenance evolution and sedimentary infilling within the Enping Formation in various sags of the northern PRMB. The results indicate temporal and spatial variability in provenance from the lower Ep4 and Ep3 to the upper Ep2 and Ep1 Members. The influence of extrabasinal provenance from the South China Block (SCB) was prominent in the northern region of the Zhu I Depression during the deposition of Ep4 and Ep3 Members, while intrabasinal provenance from local uplifts remained a significant source for most sags. During this period, sediment transportation occurred over short distances, leading to the widespread development of smaller fan deltas and braided river deltas. In contrast, extrabasinal provenance became dominant during the deposition of Ep2 and Ep1 Members throughout the entire Zhu I Depression. This shift promoted the development of large-scale, shallow, braided river deltas with sediment transported over long distances. The analysis reveals a close correspondence between the shifting provenance and the evolution of sedimentary infilling patterns in the PRMB. As a result, the sags transitioned from being under-filled or balanced-filled to being balanced-filled or over-filled. This study holds immense significance for oil and gas exploration as well as the prediction of favorable sedimentary sand bodies in offshore petroliferous basins.
A Monocular Vision-Based Safety Monitoring Framework for Offshore Infrastructures Utilizing Grounded SAM
Authors: Xia Sijie , Qin Rufu , Lu Yang , Ma Lianjiang , Liu Zhenghu
Published: February 2025

As maritime transportation and human activities at sea continue to grow, ensuring the safety of offshore infrastructure has become an increasingly pressing research focus. However, traditional high-precision sensor systems often involve prohibitive costs, and the Automatic Identification System (AIS) faces signal loss or data manipulation problems, highlighting the need for a complementary, affordable, and reliable supplemental solution. This study introduces a monocular vision-based safety monitoring framework for offshore infrastructures. By combining advanced computer vision techniques such as Grounded SAM and horizon-based self-calibration, the proposed framework achieves accurate vessel detection, instance segmentation, and distance estimation. The model integrates open-vocabulary object detection and zero-shot segmentation, achieving high performance without additional training. To demonstrate the feasibility of the framework in practical applications, we conduct several experiments on public datasets and couple the proposed algorithms with the Leaflet.js and WebRTC libraries to develop a web-based prototype for real-time safety monitoring, providing visualized information and alerts for offshore infrastructure operators in our case study. The experimental results and case study suggest that the framework has notable advantages, including low cost, convenient deployment with minimal maintenance, high detection accuracy, and strong adaptability to diverse application conditions, which brings a supplemental solution to research on offshore infrastructure safety.
Retinal and Choroidal Alterations in Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ioana Alexandra Magdalena , Andrei Diana , Iacob Daniela , Bolintineanu Sorin Lucian
Published: February 2025

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), or Graves’ orbitopathy (GO), is a complex autoimmune disorder affecting orbital tissues, often leading to vision-threatening complications such as dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON). In this systematic review, conducted following PRISMA guidelines, 22 studies were evaluated to investigate the role of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in assessing retinal and choroidal changes in TAO. Parameters such as the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell complex (GCC), ganglion cell layer (GCL), and choroidal thickness were analyzed. RNFL changes varied by disease severity, with significant thinning in DON due to nerve fiber loss and thickening in early DON due to optic disk edema. Subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) was consistently higher in active TAO, correlating positively with the clinical activity score (CAS) and proptosis, suggesting its role as a marker of disease activity. Subgroup analysis revealed that spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT) was the most sensitive for detecting retinal changes. The findings highlight the effectiveness of OCT in detecting minor retinal and choroidal alterations in TAO. However, the variability of study designs, as well as the lack of longitudinal data, limits the ability to draw broad conclusions. Further standardized, long-term investigations are required to properly understand OCT’s diagnostic and prognostic value in TAO.
Sustainable Aluminosilicate Coatings from Palm Oil Waste for Enhanced Thermal and Microstructure Properties
Authors: Shamsudin Mohd Afdhal , Mustapha Faizal , Abdullah Mohd Na’im , Mustapha Mazli
Published: February 2025

Geopolymers have emerged as promising materials for their superior thermal and mechanical properties, offering sustainable alternatives to conventional coatings. This study investigates the potential of Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) as a raw material for fire-resistant geopolymer coatings. Through the optimization of POFA-to-alkaline activator (AA) ratios, NaOH concentrations, and curing temperatures, POFA-based coatings were synthesized and applied to mild steel substrates. Fire resistance testing revealed that the optimal formulation (0.35 POFA ratio, 8 M NaOH concentration, and curing at 65 °C) achieved a temperature at equilibrium (TAE) of 151.2 °C, significantly outperforming other compositions by reducing heat transfer during fire exposure. Thermal imaging and SEM analysis demonstrated that the optimized coating (GP-POFA8) exhibited a more uniform and stable intumescent layer, leading to lower peak temperatures (909 °C) compared to less optimized samples. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) further confirmed that GP-POFA8 retained approximately 80% of its original mass at temperatures beyond 600 °C, highlighting its superior thermal stability. These findings underscore the potential of POFA-based geopolymers as effective, eco-friendly solutions for fire-resistant applications in construction and industrial sectors, contributing to sustainable waste management.
Strategies for Minimizing Environmental Impact in Construction: A Case Study of a Cementitious 3D Printed Lost Formwork for a Staircase
Authors: Albrecht Sophie Viktoria , Hellerbrand Stefan , Weininger Florian , Thiel Charlotte
Published: February 2025

The construction industry faces significant challenges, including environmental sustainability, rising material costs, and a shortage of skilled labor. Digital fabrication technologies offer innovative solutions to address these issues by reducing raw material consumption and waste generation. Among these, 3D printing technologies offer distinct advantages over traditional construction methods, particularly in handling complex geometries. However, the significant environmental impact of cement in 3D printed concrete, due to its high rheological and printability requirements, remains a concern. This study introduces a novel application of 3D printed permanent formwork in the construction of a winder staircase, assessed through an Environmental Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) from cradle to gate. By comparing the environmental impacts of various construction materials and processes, this study highlights the comparative advantages and disadvantages of conventional methods versus 3D printing. The LCA results reveal that traditional production methods, particularly those using plywood formwork, exhibit higher environmental impacts. In contrast, timber formwork performs better than most 3D printed mixtures in terms of Global Warming Potential (GWP), Acidification Potential (AP), and abiotic depletion potential (ADP). The findings of this study underscore the potential of additive manufacturing for sustainable construction, particularly through the use of low-clinker cement in 3D printed formwork, offering a promising pathway towards reducing the environmental footprint of construction activities.
Investigating and Optimizing MINDWALC Node Classification to Extract Interpretable Decision Trees from Knowledge Graphs
Authors: Legnar Maximilian , Siemoneit Joern-Helge Heinrich , Vandewiele Gilles , Hesser Jürgen , Popovic Zoran , Porubsky Stefan , Weis Cleo-Aron
Published: February 2025

This work deals with the investigation and optimization of the MINDWALC node classification algorithm with a focus on its ability to learn human-interpretable decision trees from knowledge graph databases. For this, we introduce methods to optimize MINDWALC for a specific use case, in which the processed knowledge graph is strictly divided into its inner background knowledge (knowledge about a given domain) and instance knowledge (knowledge about given instances). We present the following improvement approaches, whereby the basic idea of MINDWALC—namely, to use discriminative walks through the knowledge graph as features—remains untouched. First, we apply relation-tail merging to give MINDWALC the ability to take relation-modified nodes into account. Second, we introduce walks with flexible walking depths, which can be used together with MINDWALC’s original walking strategy and can help to detect more similarities between node instances. In some cases, especially with hierarchical, incomplete tree-like structured graphs, our presented flexible walk can improve the classification performance of MINDWALC significantly. However, on mixed knowledge graph structures, the results are mixed. In summary, we were able to show that our proposed methods significantly optimize MINDWALC on tree-like structured graphs, and that MINDWALC is able to utilize background knowledge to replace missing instance knowledge in a human-comprehensible way. Our test results on our medical toy datasets indicate that our MINDWALC optimizations have the potential to enhance decision-making in medical diagnostics, particularly in domains requiring interpretable AI solutions.
Bioprospecting Bioactive Peptides in Halobatrachus didactylus Body Mucus: From In Silico Insights to Essential In Vitro Validation
Authors: Fernandez Cunha Marta , Coscueta Ezequiel R. , Brassesco María Emilia , Almada Frederico , Gonçalves David , Pintado Maria Manuela
Published: February 2025

Fish body mucus plays a protective role, especially in Halobatrachus didactylus, which inhabits intertidal zones vulnerable to anthropogenic contaminants. In silico predicted bioactive peptides were identified in its body mucus, namely, EDNSELGQETPTLR (HdKTLR), DPPNPKNL (HdKNL), PAPPPPPP (HdPPP), VYPFPGPLPN (HdVLPN), and PFPGPLPN (HdLPN). These peptides were studied in vitro for bioactivities and aggregation behavior under different ionic strengths and pH values. Size exclusion chromatography revealed significant peptide aggregation at 344 mM and 700 mM ionic strengths at pH 7.0, decreasing at pH 3.0 and pH 5.0. Although none exhibited antimicrobial properties, they inhibited Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation. Notably, HdVLPN demonstrated potential antioxidant activity (ORAC: 1.560 μmol TE/μmol of peptide; ABTS: 1.755 μmol TE/μmol of peptide) as well as HdLPN (ORAC: 0.195 μmol TE/μmol of peptide; ABTS: 0.128 μmol TE/μmol of peptide). Antioxidant activity decreased at pH 5.0 and pH 3.0. Interactions between the peptides and mucus synergistically enhanced antioxidant effects. HdVLPN and HdLPN were non-toxic to Caco-2 and HaCaT cells at 100 μg of peptide/mL. HdPPP showed potential antihypertensive and antidiabetic effects, with IC50 values of 557 μg of peptide/mL for ACE inhibition and 1700 μg of peptide/mL for α-glucosidase inhibition. This study highlights the importance of validating peptide bioactivities in vitro, considering their native environment (mucus), and bioprospecting novel bioactive molecules while promoting species conservation.
Effect of the Use of Some Rare Earth Compounds as Corrosion Inhibitors for API 5L X70 Steel in Saline Medium
Authors: Hernández García Salvador , Espinoza Vázquez Araceli , Palacios-Grijalva Laura Nadxieli , Martínez Jiménez Anatolio , Rodríguez Gómez Francisco Javier , Gómez Vargas Óscar Armando , Miralrio Alan , Castro Miguel , Orozco Cruz Ricardo
Published: February 2025

This work presents a comparative study of five rare earth compounds—Erbium nitrate pentahydrate lll (Er), Neodymium nitrate pentahydrate (Nd), Samarium III Nitrate Hexahydrate (Sm), Yterbium III Chloride Hexahydrate (Yb) and Praseodymium nitrate hexahydrate lll (Pr)—protecting API 5L X70 steel from corrosion in saline medium that uses electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization curves (CPs) at different concentrations and in static mode. The results show that Erbium is the best corrosion inhibitor, containing 50 ppm and reaching an inhibition efficiency of about 89%, and similar result was shown by Sm with an IE~87.9%, while the other rare earths (Nd, Yb and Pr) showed a decrease in corrosion protection at the same concentration, since they were below an IE~80%. On the other hand, with the Langmuir model it was possible to describe that the adsorption process of the three rare earths follows a combined physisorption–chemisorption process to protect the metal’s surface. The observed adsorption free energy, ΔG°ads, reaches −38.7 kJ/mol for Er, −34.4 kJ/mol for Nd, and −33.6 kJ/mol for Pr; whereas Sm and Yb have adsorption free energies of −33.9 and −35.0 kJ/mol, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) further confirmed the formation of a protective film. Their characterization using density functional theory showed the transference of charge from the iron cluster towards the rare earth metal compounds. The adsorption process produced a slightly polarized region of interaction with the metal surface. Also, it was found that the adsorption of the rare earths affected the magnetic properties of the surface of the iron cluster. Quantum chemical descriptors, such as Pearson’s HSAB (Hard and Soft Acids and Bases) descriptors, were useful in predicting the behavior of the flow of electrons between the metal surface and the interacting rare earth ions.
A Review on the Additive Manufacturing of W-Cu Composites
Authors: Hussain Muhammad , Dong Bosheng , Qiu Zhijun , Garbe Ulf , Pan Zengxi , Li Huijun
Published: February 2025

In recent years, W-Cu composite systems have become very interesting subjects due to good electrical and thermal conductivity, high-temperature strength, certain plasticity, and excellent radiation resistance. W-Cu composites are a very important class of materials in applications like PFM (plasma facing materials), functional graded materials (FGM), electronic packaging materials, high-voltage electrical contacts, sweating materials, shaped charge liners, electromagnetic gun-rail materials, kinetic energy penetrators, and radiation shielding/protection. There is no possibility of forming a crystalline structure between these two materials. However, due to the unique properties these materials possess, they can be used by preparing them as a composite. Generally, W-Cu composites are prepared via the conventional powder metallurgy routes, i.e., sintering, hot pressing, hot isostatic pressing, isostatic cold pressing, sintering and infiltration, and microwave sintering. However, these processes have certain limitations, like the inability to produce bulk material, they are expensive, and their adoptability is limited. Here, in this review, we will discuss in detail the fabrication routes of additive manufacturing, and its current progress, challenges, trends, and associated properties obtained. We will also explain the challenges for the additive manufacturing of the composite. We will also compare W-Cu composites to other materials that can challenge them in terms of specific applications or service conditions. The solidification mechanism will be explained for W-Cu composites in additive manufacturing. Finally, we will conclude the progress of additive manufacturing of W-Cu composites to date and suggest future recommendations based on the current challenges in additive manufacturing.
Antimicrobial Stewardship and Infection Prevention and Control in the Veneto Region, Northeastern Italy: Governance Models, Resources, and Key Challenges Across Hospital and Community Settings—Findings from the ARCO Project
Authors: Anello Paola , Vianello Stefano , Baldo Vincenzo , Frasson Enrica , Gallo Umberto , Rampazzo Roberta , Marchiori Milvia , Carraro Mara , Marchiori Sara , Pigozzo Marta , Manfrin Vinicio , Mazzariol Annarita , De Ambrosis Paola , Gentili Davide , Tonon Michele , Cazzaro Romina , Scroccaro Giovanna , Russo Francesca , Mengato Daniele
Published: February 2025

Antimicrobial resistance represents a global health challenge, with Italy among the most affected countries in Europe. In response, the Veneto Region developed governance models to enhance antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) and infection prevention in both hospital and community settings. This study assessed the implementation of these models and explored strategies for improvement. A survey targeting hospital medical and district health management, hospital pharmacies, and primary care pharmaceutical departments was conducted to evaluate governance adherence, resource allocation, training, and reporting practices. Findings were analyzed by a focus group comprising regional experts, infectious disease specialists, microbiologists, and policymakers, which identified critical gaps and proposed actionable recommendations. Results revealed disparities in AMS implementation between hospital and community care, with key challenges including limited multidisciplinary collaboration, inconsistent resource distribution, and gaps in training. The focus group emphasized the need for stronger governance, standardized protocols, and improved communication to address these shortcomings. This study underscores significant gaps and opportunities within the Veneto Region’s healthcare system and provides a framework for enhancing AMS and infection prevention strategies, bridging the divide between hospital and community care to combat antimicrobial resistance effectively.
Antimicrobial Lock Therapy in Clinical Practice: A Scoping Review
Authors: Alfieri Aniello , Di Franco Sveva , Passavanti Maria Beatrice , Pace Maria Caterina , Simeon Vittorio , Chiodini Paolo , Leone Sebastiano , Fiore Marco
Published: February 2025

Antimicrobial lock therapy (ALT) prevents microbial colonization in central vein catheters and treats existing catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs); the ALT assessment involves several key considerations. First, identifying which patients are suitable candidates is crucial. Additionally, understanding the clinical contexts in which is utilised provides insight into its applications. Examining when ALT has been employed and analyzing trends in its use over time can highlight its evolving role in patient care. Equally important is understanding how ALT is administered, including the specific agents used. Lastly, determining whether there is sufficient existing literature is essential to evaluate the feasibility of conducting future systematic reviews. This study is a scoping review adhered to the PRISMA-ScR guidelines and followed a five-stage methodological framework. Of the 1024 studies identified, 336 were included in the analysis. Findings highlight the widespread use of ethanol and taurolidine for CRBSIs prevention and the concurrent use of ALT with systemic antimicrobials to treat CRBSIs without catheter removal. ALT improves clinical outcomes, including post-infection survival and catheter retention. From our analysis, we have concluded that both an umbrella review of systematic reviews and a network meta-analysis comparing lock solutions can provide clearer guidance for clinical practice.
Effect of the Darolac® (Oralis SB®) Probiotic Formulation on Oral Health: A Narrative Review
Authors: Blais Lya , Auclair-Ouellet Noémie , Tremblay Annie , Binda Sylvie
Published: February 2025

Gingivitis and periodontitis are prevalent periodontal conditions associated with dysbiosis of the oral cavity, which leads to inflammation and bleeding of gums, loss of tooth attachment, and degradation of the underlying bone structure. The standard adjunctive treatment for periodontal conditions, chlorhexidine mouthwash, is effective but is associated with several side effects. Probiotics have been explored as an alternative solution that promotes oral health by restoring homeostasis in the oral cavity. This review presents a summary of clinical trials using the Darolac® (Oralis SB®) probiotic formulation (Lactobacillus acidophilus Rosell®-52, Lactobacillus rhamnosus Rosell®-11, Bifidobacterium longum Rosell®-175 and Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-1079) as a mouthwash to support the maintenance of oral health or the restoration of its balance. In reviewed studies, Darolac® is compared to a placebo or other common solutions for periodontal conditions, including chlorhexidine mouthwash. Studies show that Darolac® is as effective or even superior to other available solutions, which supports its use as an effective adjuvant to oral health. The effects of Darolac® on the reduction in oral pathogens and markers of oral dysbiosis are reviewed, and the association between periodontitis, inflammation, and systemic diseases, as well as their implications and the use of probiotics in the periodontal field, are discussed.
Origin of the Yangwantuan Gold Deposit in the Jiangnan Orogen (South China): Constraints from Sericite Rb-Sr Isotopes and Quartz Trace Elements
Authors: Chen Kun , Liao Junhong , Tang Yao , Lou Yuanlin , Tang Jiting , Feng Qiancheng , Gao Xiang , Zhang Yu
Published: February 2025

The Jiangnan Orogen (South China) hosts abundant gold deposits, but the absence of accurate constraints on the ore-forming age and process has resulted in significant controversy regarding their origins. The Yangwantuan gold deposit, located in the central part of the Jiangnan Orogen, is characterized by multi-stage quartz veins linked to mineralization and alteration. The mineralization can be divided into three stages, namely the barren quartz–sericite stage (I); the quartz–sericite–native gold–polymetallic sulfide stage (II, including the quartz–sericite–dolomite–native gold–polymetallic sulfide (IIA) and quartz–chlorite–sericite–native gold–arsenopyrite (IIB) substages); and the quartz–dolomite–calcite–arsenopyrite (III) stage. On the basis of the mineralization and alteration sequence and quartz’s internal texture, 11 generations of quartz are determined, including gray QzIa and dark QzIb in Stage I; oscillatory-zoning QzIIa, homogeneous QzIIb, and veined QzIIc in Stage IIA; homogeneous QzIId, QzIIe trapping sulfide inclusions, and veined QzIIf in Stage IIB; and gray QzIIIa, dark QzIIIb, and veined QzIIIc in Stage III. The decrease in Al content corresponds to an increase in pH from QzIa to QzIb, favoring the transportation of gold in the fluid. The sharp drop in temperature and the increment of pH, revealed by Al and Ti content variations from QzIIa to QzIIb, indicates a strong water–rock interaction, consistent with the occurrence of arsenopyrite in the wall rock. Therefore, the gold precipitation in Stage IIA may be triggered by the consumption of H2S through water–rock interaction, whereas during Stage IIB and III, the precipitation of gold is attributed to the consumption of H2S as a result of the formation of abundant sulfide, which is supported by the coexistence of sulfide and QzIIf and QzIIIc. The Stage IIA sericite Rb-Sr isochron age of 397 ± 11 Ma (MSWD = 0.8, n = 32) suggests that the mineralization age is closely related to the Devonian Orogeny. The absence of contemporaneous magmatic rock and quartz Al and Ti concentrations both indicate that the Yangwantuan deposit may be classified as an orogenic gold deposit.
A Diamond Approach to Develop Virtual Object Interaction: Fusing Augmented Reality and Kinesthetic Haptics
Authors: Rodriguez-Ramirez Alma , Vergara Villegas Osslan Osiris , Nandayapa Manuel , Garcia-Luna Francesco , Guevara Neri María Cristina
Published: February 2025

Using the senses is essential to interacting with objects in real-world environments. However, not all the senses are available when interacting with virtual objects in virtual environments. This paper presents a diamond methodology to fuse two technologies to represent the senses of sight and touch when interacting with a virtual object. The sense of sight is represented through augmented reality, and the sense of touch is represented through kinesthetic haptics. The diamond methodology is centered on the user experience and comprises five general stages: (i) experience design, (ii) sensory representation, (iii) development, (iv) display, and (v) fusion. The first stage is the expected, proposed, or needed user experience. Then, each technology takes its homologous activities from the second to the fourth stage, diverging from each other along their development. Finally, the technologies converge to the fifth stage for fusion in the user experience. The diamond methodology was tested by generating a user’s dual sensation when interacting with the elasticity of a tension virtual spring. The user can simultaneously perceive the visual and tactile change of the virtual spring during the interaction, representing the object’s deformation. The experimental results demonstrated that an interactive experience can be felt and seen in augmented reality following the diamond methodology.
Plasmonic-Enhanced Infrared Absorption Platform for Broadband and Multiple Molecular Fingerprint Retrieval
Authors: Hu Yulong , Zheng Zexing , Ma Huishan , Zhu Shuguang , Yu Yiming , Hong Jie , Tang Weiwei , He Jiale , Zhang Libo , Liu Changlong , Li Guanhai , Chen Xiaoshuang
Published: February 2025

The mid-infrared (mid-IR) region, often referred to as the molecular fingerprint region, encompasses the distinctive absorption spectra characteristic of numerous important molecules. However, the intrinsically small molecular absorption cross-sections, combined with the size mismatch between nanoscale molecules and microscale mid-IR wavelengths, result in inherently weak light-molecule interactions. In this work, we propose a broadband, tunable platform based on plasmonic-enhanced infrared absorption for label-free retrieval of molecular fingerprints. By leveraging the strong near-field enhancement of the plasmonic structure, the platform significantly amplifies light-molecule interactions, enabling precise reconstruction of the fingerprint absorption spectra of target molecules. In addition, the proposed structure exhibits exceptional molecular detection capabilities across the wavelength range of 5–10 μm, with remarkable potential for distinguishing molecular mixture components. The results pave the way for the applications in chemical identification, biomedical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and other interdisciplinary fields, which require miniaturized and high-precision sensing.
Analyzing Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells Under High Illumination Intensities by SCAPS Device Simulation
Authors: Li Heng , Huang Yongtao , Zhu Muyan , Yan Pingyuan , Sheng Chuanxiang
Published: February 2025

The perovskite solar cell (PSC) is undergoing intense study to meet sustainable energy and environmental demands. However, large-sized solar cells will degrade the power conversion efficiency, thus concentrating light on small-size devices would be a solution. Here, we report the performance of a p–i–n structured device using CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) as the active layer with an area of 6 mm2. We prove that the power output would be up to 4.2 mW under 10 Suns compared to the 0.9 mW obtained under 1 Sun; however, this results in an actual efficiency drop of the PSC. Further, using a SCAPS device simulation, we found that the intrinsic properties, such as mobility and defect density, of MAPbI3 has no profound influence on the relationship between light intensity and power conversion efficiency (PCE), but the series resistance is the dominant limiting factor on the performance of the PSC under high illumination intensities. Our work suggests the potential of perovskite in concentrating photovoltaics and makes recommendations for future development.
Gum Arabic: A Commodity with Versatile Formulations and Applications
Authors: Mohamed Shaymaa A. , Elsherbini Asmaa M. , Alrefaey Heba R. , Adelrahman Kareem , Moustafa Alshaimaa , Egodawaththa Nishal M. , Crawford Kaitlyn E. , Nesnas Nasri , Sabra Sally A.
Published: February 2025

Gum Arabic (GA), or acacia gum, refers to the dried exudate produced by certain Acacia trees. GA is composed mainly of a mixture of polysaccharides and glycoproteins, with proportions that can slightly differ from one species to another. It is commonly utilized in the food and pharmaceutical industries as a stabilizer or an emulsifier owing to its biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, and antibacterial properties. In addition, GA can be manipulated as it possesses many functional groups that can be used in grafting, cross-linking, or chemical modifications to add a new feature to the developed material. In this review, we highlight recent GA-based formulations, including nanoparticles, hydrogels, nanofibers, membranes, or scaffolds, and their possible applications in tissue regeneration, cancer therapy, wound healing, biosensing, bioimaging, food packaging, and antimicrobial and antifouling membranes.
Cytokine Networks and the Clinical Outcome of American Teg-Umentary Leishmaniasis: Unveiling Targets for Alternative Therapeutic Interventions
Authors: Koh Carolina Cattoni , Gollob Kenneth J. , Dutra Walderez O.
Published: February 2025

American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL), caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania, presents a significant global health challenge, especially in Brazil, where cutaneous and mucosal forms are highly prevalent. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) typically results in single lesions, while mucosal Leishmaniasis (ML) leads to destructive mucosal lesions with a worse prognosis. The immune response, regulated by cytokines, plays a crucial role in disease progression and resolution. In CL, a balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines is associated with lesion resolution, whereas in ML, an exaggerated inflammatory response worsens tissue damage. Thus, understanding cytokine regulation is essential for unveiling disease pathology and developing effective immunotherapeutic strategies. Here we discuss gene polymorphisms and epigenetic modifications that affect cytokine expression, influencing disease susceptibility and severity, as well as immunotherapeutic approaches that involve cytokine function in Leishmaniasis. In addition, we examine advancements in drug discovery, utilizing in silico methods and targeted drug delivery systems, providing potential avenues for better therapeutic interventions. Continuous research into immune responses and cytokine production and function is critical for identifying novel therapeutic targets and optimizing patient care for ATL.
First Complete Genome of Reticuloendotheliosis Virus in a Mallard Duck from Brazil: Phylogenetic Insights and Evolutionary Analysis
Authors: Chacón Ruy D. , Astolfi-Ferreira Claudete S. , Valdeiglesias Ichillumpa Stefhany , Lage Hagemann Henrique , Furlan Rocha Maristela , Fernandes Magalhães Larissa , Freitas Raso Tânia , Ferreira Antonio J. Piantino
Published: February 2025

Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) is an oncogenic retrovirus that affects both commercial and free-ranging birds. To date, only two complete REV genome sequences have been identified in chickens from South America, with no records in other avian species. This study reports the first complete genome of REV detected in a mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) in South America. In 2021, a mallard duck in Brazil died from severe lymphoproliferative disease affecting multiple organs. Molecular detection and histopathological analysis confirmed REV as the causative agent. Using dideoxy sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, the virus was classified as subtype 3 (REV-3). The phylogenetic analysis identified three clades, each with a bootstrap value of 100, corresponding to the three REV subtypes. Furthermore, a comprehensive comparative genomic analysis revealed two distinct REV-3 subclusters—‘East’ (38 strains) and ‘West’ (24 strains)—with notable geographical associations. Additionally, 27 genomes in chimeric states with fowlpox virus (FWPV) were distributed across the phylogenetic tree, emphasizing the critical role of FWPV in the dissemination of REV. Selective pressure analysis revealed evidence of positive selection acting on several codons within the gag, pol, and env genes, particularly in domains such as matrix, p18, reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H, and surface. These findings provide valuable insights into REV evolution and underscore the importance of genomic surveillance for detecting REV circulation in diverse hosts.
A Single-Channel Correction Method for Spectral Responsivity Differences in Detector Arrays
Authors: Cheng Yilun , Tan Fengfu , Wang Gangyu , Li Yang , Qin Laian , He Feng , Hou Zaihong
Published: February 2025

The spectral responsivity of photodetectors exhibits significant variations across different wavelengths. Such variations can induce substantial errors when large-scale detector array modules are employed for the measurement of laser spot parameters. In this regard, a single-channel data correction methodology is proposed herein to mitigate the spectral responsivity discrepancies within large-scale detector arrays. Specifically, the single-channel incident laser within the detector array is bifurcated and irradiated onto the detector with a coated window mirror and the detector at the original corresponding position, respectively. Subsequently, the correction coefficient is computed based on the single-channel data, thereby effectuating the correction of spectral response differences within the large-scale detection array. Through this approach, the measurement error resulting from the spectral responsivity differences in the detection array measurement system is diminished to less than 2%. Notably, this method is applicable to large-scale detection arrays and is not circumscribed to the domain of laser parameter measurement.
The Influence of Complementary Processing Methods to Emulsification on the Sunscreen Emulsion Properties
Authors: Santos Yasmin R. , Andreo-Filho Newton , Lopes Patricia S. , Araujo Daniele R. , Sepulveda Anderson F. , Sales Caroline C. , Baby Andre R. , Duque Marcelo D. , Leite-Silva Vânia R.
Published: February 2025

Different processing conditions to produce emulsions can modify the dispersion of ingredients, visual aspect, and viscosity, influencing the final product’s effectiveness. In this study, a primary sunscreen emulsion was produced by the conventional stirring process and subsequently subjected separately to complementary processing methods. A Box-Behnken 23 factorial design was applied to each complementary processing method: the High-Shear Method (CP-HS) and the High-Pressure Homogenization Method (CP-HPH). The present study aimed to investigate the influence of these complementary processes on particle size distribution (PSD), Zeta potential, pH, rheological properties, in vitro SPF, and photostability. In the CP-HS factorial design, the factors explored at three levels were stirring speed and stirring time, while in the CP-HPH design, the factors varied at three levels of pressure and the number of cycles through the high-pressure homogenizer. Results indicated that both complementary processing methods significantly influenced (p < 0.05) the physicochemical characteristics of the primary sunscreen emulsion, which was applied as the starting point. In CP-HS, the sample subjected to 15,000 rpm for 15 min exhibited the highest in vitro SPF (p < 0.05), with an average value of 42 at T0, while the primary sunscreen emulsion had an SPF of 30. In CP-HPH, a more pronounced reduction and uniformity in PSD among the studied methods were observed (p < 0.05), and the range of data was 0.20–0.34 μm. These results emphasize how different processing methods can influence the final characteristics of an emulsion and where suitable choices can significantly benefit the product.
Research Progress on Major Medical Radionuclide Generators
Authors: Feng Yixiao , Shao Yang , Li Ziao , Luo Min , Xu Diandou , Ma Lingling
Published: February 2025

As the concept of integrated diagnosis and treatment gains increasing prominence, the utilization of radiopharmaceuticals in personalized medicine has garnered unprecedented attention. However, the production of these radiopharmaceuticals continues to encounter numerous technical challenges. It plays an important role in improving the efficiency and convenience of nuclear medicine services and can quickly and conveniently provide the required radioactive isotopes to meet the needs of integrated clinical diagnosis and treatment while reducing dependence on external supplies and improving safety and the economy. At present, commonly used medical radioactive isotope generators include 99Mo/99mTc, 68Ge/68Ga, 90Sr/90Y, 188W/188Re, etc. This article reviews the latest research progress on three main medical radioactive isotope generators of 99Mo/99mTc, 68Ge/68Ga, and 90Sr/90Y. It also evaluates the highly anticipated new 44Ti/44Sc generator and proposes research prospects for current medical radioactive isotope generators, providing exploration directions for the future development of nuclear medicine.
The Ritual Crafting of Social Spacetime in a Muong Community (North Vietnam)
Authors: Vermander Benoît , Phan Hang Thi Thu
Published: February 2025

In Vietnam, as in other parts of Asia, rural communities establish ritual markers that delineate the social spacetime in which communal existence takes shape and meaning. These ritual markers evolve according to the socio-economic, political, and ecological challenges that said communities confront. The material for this study comes from a local community of North Vietnam that belongs to the Muong ethnic group. We focus on the various spatial levels—household, village, ethnic territory, and the nation as a whole—according to which this community fashions its sense of identity, asserts its ethos, and delimitates its frontiers. We also examine how these levels take varying importance at different moments in time. Moreover, we show how specific rituals condensate different strata of meaning into one unifying event. Finally, we attempt to unearth the various ways through which an Asian rural community constructs and asserts its agency by activating the ritual resources at its disposal while respecting the constraints that weigh upon their mobilization.
Acute Effects of Low vs. High Inertia During Flywheel Deadlifts with Equal Force Impulse on Vertical Jump Performance
Authors: Tsoukos Athanasios , Tsoukala Margarita , Papadimitriou Dimitra Mirto , Terzis Gerasimos , Bogdanis Gregory C.
Published: February 2025

Background: Flywheel resistance training has gained popularity due to its ability to induce eccentric overload and improve strength and power. This study examined the acute effects of low- (0.025 kg·m2) versus high-inertia (0.10 kg·m2) flywheel deadlifts, matched for force impulse, on the countermovement jump (CMJ) performance, reactive strength index (RSI) during drop jumps (DJs), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Methods: Sixteen trained participants (twelve men, and four women) performed three conditions in a randomized, counterbalanced order: low-inertia (LOW), high-inertia (HIGH), and control (CTRL). In the LOW and HIGH conditions, we used force plates to measure and equalize the force impulse in the two conditions (HIGH: 20182 ± 2275 N∙s vs. LOW: 20076 ± 2526 N∙s; p > 0.05), by calculating the number of deadlift repetitions required to achieve it (HIGH: 5 repetitions and LOW: 9.8 ± 0.4 repetitions). The RSI and CMJ performance were measured pre-exercise, immediately post-exercise, and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 min post-exercise. Results: Both the RSI and CMJ performance improved equally after LOW and HIGH flywheel deadlifts compared to baseline and CTRL (p < 0.01). Specifically, the RSI increased from baseline at 3 to 12 min in both conditions (LOW: 12.8 ± 14.9% to 15.4 ± 14.8%, HIGH: 12.1 ± 17.0% to 12.2 ± 11.7%, p < 0.01), while the CMJ increased from 3 to 9 min in LOW (4.3 ± 3.2% to 4.6 ± 4.7%, p < 0.01) and from 6 to 9 min in HIGH (3.8 ± 4.2% to 4.2 ± 4.9%, p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed between LOW and HIGH conditions (p > 0.05), suggesting similar effectiveness of both inertial loads for enhancing performance. The RPE increased similarly after both conditions from baseline to immediately post-conditioning (LOW: from 2.2 ± 1.2 to 5.8 ± 1.4, HIGH: from 1.5 ± 1.0 to 6.1 ± 1.5, p < 0.01) and decreased by the end of the session, although values remained higher than baseline (LOW: 4.1 ± 1.4, p < 0.01, HIGH: 4.5 ± 2.0, p < 0.01). Conclusions: These findings highlight the potential of flywheel deadlift exercise as an effective method to potentiate explosive performance of the lower limbs, regardless of inertia, provided that the total force impulse is equal.
Smart Green Energy Management for Campus: An Integrated Machine Learning and Reinforcement Learning Model
Authors: Madabathula Charan Teja , Agrawal Kunal , Mehta Vijen , Kasarabada Swathi , Kommamuri Sai Srimai , Liu Guannan , Gao Jerry
Published: February 2025

The increasing demand for energy efficiency and the integration of renewable energy sources have become crucial for sustainability in modern campuses. This work presents a smart green energy management system (SGEMS) that integrates a machine learning model and reinforcement learning (RL) to optimize energy consumption and solar generation across a green campus. Using historical data from three campus buildings, we developed a predictive model to forecast short-term energy consumption and solar generation. The XGBoost algorithm, combined with RL, demonstrated superior performance in predicting energy consumption and generation, outperforming other models with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 14.72, a mean absolute error (MAE) of 12.00, and a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 2.18%. This work proposes a web-based interface for real-time energy monitoring and decision-making, helping users forecast power shortages and manage energy usage effectively. The proposed approach provides a scalable solution for campuses aiming to reduce reliance on external grids and increase energy efficiency, setting a benchmark for future green campus initiatives.
Sustainable Economic Development Through Crisis Detection Using AI Techniques
Authors: Kotan Kurban , Kırışoğlu Serdar
Published: February 2025

Economics is based on data and indicators. Although their interpretation can be complicated, their effects can be calculated in advance. In other words, economic crises are not as complicated and unpredictable as natural disasters. If economic news, news that reflects the thoughts of society, and especially the experiences and predictions of economic experts, is semantically processed from the news texts written by economic experts, economic crises can be predicted long in advance. In addition, the frequency of news about crises in society is also effective. Events that affect society are often mentioned. This can be an indication of some economic crises. In this research, we attempted to detect the economic crises and inflation increases in Turkey in December 2021 and in Germany in September 2022 several months in advance with natural language processing (NLP) models. In the study, the daily news retrieved via RSS from the leading news channels and newspapers was first preprocessed and then the similarities were checked with NLP models. Finally, similarities and changes were analyzed in comparison with inflation data. It was found that similar changes a few months ago had a high correlation with inflation data.