bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determinism and free will: Removing the problem of compatibility
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Shishkin Vitaliy V.
Published: February 2023

This article is an attempt to question the very correctness of the term free will. The problem of the compatibility of determinism with free will is indicated, which seems to be valuable. Further, it is proposed to clarify the term free will, and not the term determinism, for it is the belief in free will that is being tried to preserve, since it is considered valuable. The author points out that what makes free will valuable is the responsibility for the past and the control of the future. It is assumed that a free person controls the future and is responsible for the past. The question is whether the term free will is not superfluous when we can speak about the freedom of the agent, and whether, in principle, will can have the property of being free. The author argues that freedom is an anthropological concept that is not applicable to will. The article provides evidence that the freedom of a person is not to do as one pleases, but to act precisely on the basis of one's motives, even those that one shares with society as its member, even those that are generated by rational thinking. Three meanings of the term will are considered, namely, will as a proper synonym for freedom with a different connotation, as a complex of motives, and as a function of higher nervous activity. Focusing on the last two, the author compares the power of will in the meaning of the function of the higher nervous activity with such a condition of freedom as the ability to be the source of one's actions. Flexibility of will in the meaning of a complex of motives compares such a condition of freedom as the ability to do otherwise. The author also points out the possible significance of free will as the spontaneity of will and emphasizes its anti-value. He proposes to abandon the use of the term free will and to replace it with the term internal freedom of the agent,and, in relation to will, to apply such descriptions as strength or flexibility, depending on the meaning of the term used: in the meaning of the function of higher nervous activity or in the meaning of a complex of motives. Finally, the author points to the fact that determinism is a condition of the agent's freedom. The author criticizes semi-deterministic concepts as a way to try on responsibility with indeterministic episodes generated by the spontaneity of will. The author considers two semi-deterministic concepts: where the causality gap occurs after the decision is made, but only in a certain percentage of cases the action is carried out, and where the causality gap occurs before the decision is made, but only when the opposite motives are equal. The author, arguing that the spontaneity of will is antivaluable, sees no point in such a reconciliation, and even sees harm, since, in the author's opinion, it is determinism that gives the agent of freedom more freedom, and therefore more responsibility.
The Rusin agenda in the works of Russian Conservatives of the late 19th - early 20th century
Authors:   St. Petersburg State Electrotechnical University, Stogov Dmitrii I.
Published: February 2023

The article analyses the statements of a number of right-wing conservative politicians, publicists, and thinkers concerning various aspects (socio-economic, political, religious, and cultural) of the life of the Rusinian population of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Analyzing the socio-political life of the Austro-Hungarian Rusins, Conservatives drew attention to their difficult economic situation, criticized the Austro-Hungarian authorities and the Polish public and called for the development of possible ways to improve the situation. Russian Conservatives mostly focused on the spiritual and cultural life of the Rusins in Austria-Hungary and emphasised that, despite Uniatism imposed on them, the Rusins preserved a living Orthodox tradition. The author concludes that some Conservatives advocated the unity (primarily spiritual) of the Rusins, Little Russians and Great Russians, regardless of their citizenship to a particular state, be it Russia or Austria-Hungary. Obviously, the cornerstone in their reasoning was the idea of a once unified Russian people that existed in the days of Old Rus, but due to various circumstances but due to various circumstances fell apart into separate conglomerations on the territory of different states. However, before the outbreak of the First World War, the conservative camp conveyed two positions in relation to the “Rusin question”: the active support of the Rusins from the moderate-right and nationalists and the more restrained position of the extreme right, who did not want to aggravate relations with Austria-Hungary. With the outbreak of the war, the extreme right also began to actively support the Rusin movement.
Understanding the multiculturalism of Eastern Europe in the folklore and ethnographic works of Volodymyr Hnatiuk about the Ugrian Rusins
Authors:   Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Lanovyk Mariana B , Lanovyk Zoriana B. ,   Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University
Published: February 2023

According to the research, Academician Volodymyr Hnatiuk's scholarly inquiry had focused on the elements of multiculturalism long before the theory of multiculturalism was developed. Hnatiuk studied the problems of coexistence of different ethnic groups in the multicultural realm of the Eastern European area, with a partucLuar attention to the Ugrian Rusins. In his research, Hnatiuk employed basic concepts for modern multicultural studies, such as historically determined multicultural space of Eastern Europe, which combines national and ideological heterogeneity, cultural diffusion and social homogeneity. Yet the authors emphasize that Hnatiuk paid attention to the dominant concepts of ethnocultural frontiers, the contamination of ethnological and psychomental phenomena, the problems of preservation/Loss of the national identity, the political consensus in a poLyethnic society, the polyphony of national consciousness, and others. The multilevel reception of other ethnic groups by the Rusins is studied on the Materials from Ugric Rus (1897-1911) collected and processed by Hnatiuk. The primary role in this cultural topos is assigned to the Slavic nations, who are more often perceived in the plane of rapprochement rather than distance in the dichotomy of In-group/Out-group. The second level is interaction with non-Slavic European nations (Germans, Hungarians). However, the non-European influences were often a factor in the formation of Eastern European identity: the Jewish influence through the biblical books, as well as Central Asian influences from the Turkish attacks and the Ottoman rule in these lands. The authors conclude that the muLticuLturaList methodology expands the geocuLturaL context of ethnological research. The processed material convincingly proves that it can be applied to the European cultural and historical discourses of previous epochs, which contain the features provided by this theory.
Preserving the languages of indigenous minorities under globalization (a case study of the Russian North-West)
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Novozhilov Alexey G.
Published: February 2023

The preservation and development of the languages of indigenous minorities is one of the most urgent problems in the functioning of the ethno-cultural diversity of the planet. The problem poses certain tasks to both the academic community and public and governmental organizations. In this paper, the author analyses the documents and draws on the basic research and his own field materials to consider the preservation of the language of three Balto-Finnic minorities - the Vepsians, the Votians, and the Izhorians. The research has established that the three indigenous minorities face both common and unique problems of language preservation, related to the demography, socio-economic situation of the region, and social aspects of language functioning. One of the most important current problems for the Vepsian, Votic, and Izhorian languages is the gradual loss of their communicative function. A review of the language use has shown that despite all the efforts of ethnic activists and publishing fiction and educational literature in their native language, the functionality of the languages is reducing both in the public and private spheres. The article also discusses the ways to solve the problem. First, the author draws attention to the programs being implemented to support the native languages of indigenous minorities and assess their effectiveness, in terms of both results and the language representatives' perception. At the same time, the author analyses new possible approaches to language support proposed by representatives of the academic, cultural, and educational community. The general message of the article is to recognize the need to exchange views and experience, conduct research and support a social movement aimed at finding optimal solutions to preserve the languages of indigenous minorities in Russian Federation as well as in Central and Eastern Europe.
Book monuments of “The Stephen the Great epoch”: falsification of scribes’ records and historiographic delusions
Authors:   Russian State Library, Pascal Alexander D.
Published: February 2023

The reign of Voivode Stephen the Great (1429-1504) is rightly considered the time of reinforcement of the Moldavian Principality as well as the time of book culture flourishing. Donating to new monasteries and churches, Stephen the Great also provided them with handwritten books, beautifully decorated and written in calligraphic handwriting. In historiography, mainly Romanian, there has long been a stable concept of some handwritten books, undoubtedly created by Moldavian scribes, but mistakenly dated only basing on their scribes' records and considered book monuments of the Stephen the Great epoch. However, such records could be the result of later falsifications aimed at raising the cost of Moldavian-origin manuscripts without indicating the time and place of their creation. It had a completely utilitarian purpose - to increase their sales value on the Russian antique market. The report provides four examples of such falsifications: a parchment copy of the Gospel-tetras (Moscow, State Historical Museum, A.S. Uvarov's collection, No. 91), a copy of the Teachings of Abba Dorotheus with additional articles (Moscow, State Historical Museum, P.I. Shchukin's collection, No. 360), a parchment copy of the Aprakos Apostle (Moscow, State Historical Museum, Museum Collection, No. 3451), a parchment copy of the Gospel-tetras of 1491 (Moscow, State Historical Museum, Museum Collection, No. 3442). A de vizu study of the records in these manuscripts shows a peculiar evolution in the skill of falsifying “imprint data” - the records of the book codes creation allegedly at the behest of Stephen the Great during his government. At the same time, it was discovered that the fake scribal records in two manuscripts - the copy of the Teachings of Abba Dorotheus with additional articles (Moscow, State Historical Museum, P.I. Shchukin's collection, No. 360) and the parchment copy of the Aprakos Apostle (Moscow, State Historical Museum, Museum Collection, No. 3451) - were made by the same unnamed forger. The obtained research results allow correcting the register of handwritten book monuments of the Stephen the Great epoch, generally accepted in Romanian historiography.
The semantics of attenuation in the Old Slavonic and Russian Languages (based on verbal vocabulary)
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Fil Yulia V. , Kononchuk Inessa Ya. ,   National Research Tomsk State University
Published: February 2023

The article dwells on the verbs with a diminutive meaning in Russian and Old Slavonic. It describes particular diminutive meanings in action designation and determines originality of prefix models with po- pod-, pri- with the semantics “to do something a little, without making special efforts, not to the full extent, not for long, for some time” for these languages. The work is based on the studies of the Slavic language picture of the world reflected by derivational means. The authors claim that verbs with these prefixes are highly productive in the modern Russian language. They indicate the diminutuve nature of the designated action not fully performed and/or evaluated as such and reflect the mentality of native Russian speakers (uncertainty, emotionality, reflexivity). Old Slavonic and Ancient Greek lexicographic sources contain a small number of units with the meaning of incompleteness and limitation of action. The authors emphasise different shades of attenuation in comparison with the Russian language, an increasing number of verbal units with the meaning of incomplete action in the Old Slavonic language, and the expanded range of partioiral meanings of attenuation. The difference in diminutive verbs of the Old Slavonic and Russian languages is associated with the peculiar worldviews of their speakers. The authors conclude about the original “attentuation” models in the Russian language. They argue that it was important for native speakers to characterise the designated actions from quantitative, productive, temporal, and other aspects relevant to the sphere of the Russian verb.
Public security and prevention of offenses in Chernivtsi, Suceava and Khotyn volosts of Moldavia and Khotyn raiyah of the Ottoman Empire
Authors:   Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Chuchko Mykhaylo K.
Published: February 2023

The article focuses on the understudied problem of public security and prevention of offenses in the territory between the Upper Siret, the Middle Dniester and Suceava, which from the middle of the 14th to the last quarter of the 18th century was part of Moldova and formed Tsetsin (from the middle of the 15th century Chernivtsi), Suceava and Khotyn volosts of Moldova, mainly inhabited by Orthodox Rusins and VLakhs. Having analysed written sources and scholarly literature, the author states that throughout the entire Moldavian rule in Chernivtsi (until the middle of the 15th century in Tsetsin), Suceava and Khotin volosts (tinut) there were no special police agencies in the modern sense. Until the last quarter of the 18th century, public security was ensured by Moldovan officials, curteni and various categories of service people - slujitors. Ensuring law and order and fighting against robbery on the border was assigned, mainly, to the elders-pircalabs, who in the 18th century began to be called ispravniki.They were assisted by volost elders (okolashi), vetavs of the cities, great border captains, aghas, colonels, armashes, aprods and their subordinate curteni and tinut slujitors (calarasi, arnauts, byrans, guards, armored warriors, dorobanii), as well as hired beshlis. The law and order in rural communities was maintained by dvornikis and vatamans (village elder). After the accession of the Khotyn region to the Ottoman Empire, the public security in this new Turkish raiyah was entrusted to the Janissaries of the Khotyn garrison; the commanders of the Ottoman military units - alai beys - were responsible for order in the villages of the Khotin nahiye.
Political and party representation of Rusin community leaders in Transcarpathia during the local elections of 2020
Authors:   Uzhhorod National University, Zan Mykhaylo P.
Published: February 2023

The article focuses on the political and party representation of the Rusin leaders in Transcarpathia (Ukraine) who particiapted in the local elections of 2020. The analysis is based on the electoral statistics and interviews with participants in the election campaign. According to the author, the Rusin leaders are heads and activists of national cultural associations and opinion leaders who do not represent ethno-cultural associations, but are widely known in Transcarpathia. The author argues that the new electoral system of “semi-open” party lists has resulted in the failure of local elections for all candidates representing the Rusin community. However, the electoral statistics shows that Rusin leaders actually received: 1) more votes than their opponents on the political party lists (Vladimir Fenych, Vasilij Sich, Nikolai Rishko); 2) the same number of votes (Svyatoslav Gal); 3) the required 25 % of the votes from the electoral quota (Yurij Shypovych). Most of the Rusin candidates ran for the political forces “For the Future” (7 persons) and “Opposition Platform - For Life” (5 persons). Their dominance can be explained by identifying candidates with the oppositional rhetoric of these parties, as well as their proximity to regional party leaders who sympathize with the Rusin public movement and identify themselves as Rusins. One of the representatives of Rusin community ran for the party of power “Servant of the People” (Svyatoslav Gal), one (Nikolaj Rishko) - for “The Team of Andrej Baloga” Candidates Ivan Danatsko, Ivan Palinkash, and Ivan Bushko, as self-nominated candidates, distanced themselves from political parties.
The failed elections to the Sovereign Sejm of Ukraine (1918)
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Chemakin Anton A.
Published: February 2023

The article focuses on the unrealized plans of Hetman Pavel Skoropadsky to convene the parliament of the Ukrainian state - the Sejm, which was to be opened in early 1919. The problem is considered in a number of works by Ukrainian researchers (first of all, the article by Ruslan Pyrih), but they are uninformative and contain a number of erroneous statements. The preparation for the elections to the Sejm - the parliament of an independent Ukraine - began in October 1918, but already in November, the political situation changed, and the Sejm began to be understood as a representative body of a subject in the future federative Russian state. In late November and early December 1918, a special commission, consisting mainly of members of the Constitutional Democratic Party, developed an electoral law on elections to the Sejm. The elections were to be held according to the majority system of a relative majority in 251 singlemember constituencies. Though women had no right to vote, the age limit was raised and the residence requirement was introduced, the electoral law was generally consistent with similar laws of the leading European states. Since the uprising headed by the Directory began and Hetman abdicated, the elections never took place. Drawing on materials from the Kiev press and archival sources, the author shows the historical roots of the Ukrainian Sejm, the process of developing the electoral law and its final version, as well as the attitude towards the Sejm on the part of various Ukrainian and Russian political forces.
Correspondencia visual: una estrategia docente para compartir identidades urbanas y crear ciudad
Authors: Genet Verney Rafaèle , Guerrero Chinome Edward
Published: February 2023

En el ámbito educativo se suelen utilizar las actividades de correspondencia para el aprendizaje de los idiomas ya que facilitan el intercambio de contenidos y la enseñanza de la expresión lingüística. Si consideramos la imagen como un lenguaje, podemos utilizar esta estrategia docente en educación artística, no solo para crear una comunicación basada en lo visual, sino también para aprender a gestionar herramientas de transmisión y de conocimiento del otro más allá de las palabras. Este artículo presenta los resultados de una Investigación Educativa Basada en Artes, donde la correspondencia visual está en el centro del proceso docente con el objetivo de facilitar la comprensión e interpretación de ciudad. Se llevó a cabo una experiencia educativa con estudiantes de la Universidad de Granada y de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional de Bogotá a partir de registros fotográficos. En ella, se evidenciaron y compararon las identidades urbanas de las dos ciudades planteando la fotografía como instrumento de comunicación visual y como una herramienta de investigación artístico/creativa. Los resultados de la indagación plasman, mediante asociaciones de imágenes, los contrastes y similitudes encontrados entre ciudades, generan una reflexión sobre la identidad sociocultural de los lugares cotidianos (calle, plaza, mercado), y enuncian, gracias a la creación visual, una definición de lo urbano desde la mirada sensible del individuo.
Hyvä paha tutkimuksen yhteiskunnallinen vaikuttavuus
Authors: Ruusuvirta Minna
Published: February 2023

Tutkitun tiedon merkitys päätöksenteon pohjana ja lähtökohtana on vahvistunut viimeisten vuosikymmenien aikana. Tutkitulle tiedolle on tarvetta monissa eri yhteyksissä ja eri tasoilla, paikallisesti ja kansallisesti. Tiedepolitiikassa tutkimustiedon yhteiskunnallinen vaikuttavuus on keskeinen tavoite, vaikuttavuuden kautta perustellaan myös tutkimuksen julkista rahoitusta. Tutkimuksen yhteiskunnallinen vaikuttavuus on osoittautunut haasteelliseksi mitata. On kuitenkin täysin oikeutettua kysyä, mikä ylipäänsä on tutkimuksen rooli, jos sen tulokset jäävät pöytälaatikkoon pölyttymään vailla käyttöä. Aina tieteen merkittävyyttä ei ole mahdollista arvioida, eikä se saa olla tarkoituskaan. Tieteellä ja tutkimuksella on vahva itseisarvo. Uteliaisuus, pyrkimys ymmärtää asioita ja katsoa niitä eri näkökulmista ovat kaiken sivistyksen ja ihmisyyden ytimessä.
Design of Exercise Device for Older Adults
Authors:   Universidad Austral de Chile, Gallegos Barría Daniel , Amador Cáceres Belkys ,   Universidad Austral de Chile, Martínez Bordes Gabriela ,   Universidad Austral de Chile, San Martín Correa Mauricio ,   Universidad Austral de Chile
Published: February 2023

Older adults should perform physical activity to improve cardiorespiratory functions. Aerobic exercises improve cardiovascular function, decrease basal heart rate and blood pressure, and improve mood and energy. To facilitate the execution of aerobic physical activity in older adults, the objective of this research was to design an exercise device for older adults. Starting from design specifications such as comfort, size, weight, resistance, and cost, we developed the detailed design of a horizontal bicycle. The designed device, thanks to its horizontally disposed structure, its adequate resistance to pedaling, its dimensioning based on anthropometric measurements of the Chilean population, and the disposition of sensors for heart rate and oxygen saturation, is suitable for older adults. Its weight and size also make it convenient for use inside the home, and the use of materials, components, and manufacturing processes available nationally and within the cheapest options, increases the possibility of access by older adults.
Proton Conduction in Perovskite Solid Electrolyte for Proton Ceramic Fuel Cell Application at Intermediate Temperatures: A Short Review
Authors:   Proton Conducting Fuel Cell Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia, Mohd Affandi Nur Syafkeena , Abdul Malik Lidyayatty ,   Proton Conducting Fuel Cell Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia, Safian Suhaida Dila ,   Proton Conducting Fuel Cell Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia, Dzarfan Othman Mohd Hafiz ,   Advance Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia, Osman Nafisah ,   Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
Published: February 2023

Proton-conducting ceramics based on perovskite-type oxides have been significantly applied in a wide range of electrochemical devices such as fuel cells, hydrogen sensors, and steam electrolysers. One of the emerging applications of these ceramic proton conductors is as an electrolyte component in a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), where the proton is mobilized from the anode to the cathode side via these conductors. The proton (hydrogen ion) diffusion mechanisms and activation energies (Ea) in these materials are heavily influenced by their composition, stoichiometry, and crystal structure. Hence, this review presents and discusses the mechanism of hydrogen ion movement for proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cells or known as proton ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs), based on experimental and modelling data, including the vehicular and the Grotthuss mechanisms. This review will provide a brief understanding of the connection between experimental and modelling evidence for proton mechanisms in perovskite electrolyte materials.
A Comprehensive Review on Feasibility of Different Agro Residues for Production of Bio-Oil, Bio-Char and Pyro-Gas
Authors:   Gujarat Technological University, Gujarat, India, B. Shah Jinesh , B. Valaki Janak ,   Mechanical Engineering Department, Government Engineering College, Bhavnagar, Gujarat Technological University, Ahmadabad, Gujarat, India
Published: February 2023

Burning of post-harvest non-edible agro residues (biomass) are the major source of environmental and soil pollution, affecting the lives of millions of people, especially in certain demography of developing countries like India. Non edible agro residues contain toxic structural constituents, making it unsuitable for cattle feed. However, due to its cellulosic and lignocellulosic constituents, it has the potential to be used as a promising feedstock to develop value added energy products. Authors in this review paper have comprehensively reviewed the technological aspects related to conversion of agro residues into value added energy products like bio-oil, bio-char, and pyro gas. Various non-edible agro residues like Cotton stalk, castor stalk, Maize stalk, Rice straw, Rice husk, Corn cob, Sugarcane bagasse, and wheat straw etc., have been reviewed for its potential as feedstock material for thermo chemical conversion to obtain energy products like bio-oil, bio-char, and pyro-gas. Different physio-chemical properties, its chemical characterization methods, different bio-oil upgradation techniques, Techno-economic analysis (TEA), and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) have been reviewed for different thermo-chemical conversion processes. The reviewed works reveal that byproducts derived from pyrolysis of non-edible agro residues have potential to be used as biofuels. Bio-oils after upgradation may be used as fuel, bio-char with appropriate pulversing may be used as soil nutrient, and pyro-gas may be used as energy gas or carrier gas for process industries. LCA of different processes for different agro residue-based biofuels indicate that conversion of biomass into energy fuels is an sustainable, and economical solution for the environment point of view and economic point of view through pyrolysis process as compare to the other conversion processes because pyrolysis process can accommodate agro waste and produce bio-char and pyro-gas along with bio-oil having capacity to generate good revenue.
On the Control of Traction Characteristics and Resistance to Movement of Mobile Robots with Walking Propulsion Devices
Authors: Briskin E. S. , Smirnaya L. D. , Artemyev K. S.
Published: February 2023

The problem of increasing the traction and dynamic properties of mobile robots with walking propulsion devices is considered. The interdependence of the traction forces developed by the propulsion devices and the forces of resistance to the movement of robots, due to their interaction with the environment, is analyzed. A mathematical model is proposed based on the quasi-static nature of the robot’s movement and taking into account the static uncertainty of the problem. Static indeterminacy is due to the presence of propulsion devices on each of the sides and interacting with the supporting surface in the amount of more than two. A feature of the solution is also taking into account the gait and schedule of the robot’s movement, which characterize the time sequence of the propulsion devices being in the phase of interaction with the supporting surface and in the phase of transfer to a new position. The gait is also characterized by the mode coefficient, which is the ratio of the time the propulsion device is in the stance phase to the total time of the cycle of its movement. An optimality criterion is introduced on the basis of which the design perfection of the propulsion devices and the place of their installation on the robot is evaluated. The optimality criterion consists of two indicators: the value of the maximum traction force and the average force of resistance to movement. The tractive force is assumed to be proportional to the sum of the maximum normal loads acting on each propulsion device unit, and the resistance force to the squares of the same loads. Simulation modeling has been carried out, proving the dependence of the magnitude of traction properties and the forces of resistance to movement on the location of the propulsion devices. Two systems of vertical arrangement of the points of suspension of propulsion devices were compared. It has been established that a sufficiently small change in the vertical coordinate of the suspension point of even one propulsion devices has a noticeable change in the maximum traction forces and movement resistance forces. It is concluded that by adjusting the vertical position of the propulsion devices foot relative to the robot body, it is possible to control the traction properties and movement resistance, as well as the importance of the positioning accuracy of the foot of the propulsion devices walking mechanism during movement.
The Principle of Organization of Motivational Behavior and Automatic Goal Setting of Autonomous Intelligent Mobile Systems
Authors: Melekhin V. B. , Khachumov M. V.
Published: February 2023

The expediency of organizing the motivational behavior of autonomous intelligent mobile systems focused on solving various complex problems in unstable a priori undescribed problematic environments is substantiated. That need is due to the fact that this type of goal-seeking behavior allows intelligent systems of various purposes to ensure safe and efficient activity in unstable operating conditions. A model of knowledge representation of autonomous intelligent mobile systems is proposed without regard to a specific subject area and built on the basis of active fuzzy semantic networks. In such networks, vertices are labeled with slots that have many characteristics, which enables in the process of goal-seeking activity to label active vertices with objects and events occurring in the problematic environment that meet their requirements. Edges in such networks are labeled with generalized fuzzy values of corresponding conditions that must be met in a problematic environment between an autonomous intelligent mobile system, various objects, and occurring events. This model of a formalized description of various situations and subsituations of the problematic environment allows intelligent systems to adapt to a priori undescribed operating conditions and, on this basis, automatically plan goal-seeking activities under conditions of uncertainty. To control the motivational behavior and self-organization of autonomous intelligent mobile systems, tools have been developed intended to identify threats to productive activities that arise in a problematic environment. A generalized production-based model of knowledge representation has been built without regard to a specific subject area, which allows intelligent systems to quickly respond to various types of security threats that arise in a problematic environment and maintain operability in the process of performing complex tasks. In conclusion, one of the effective ways of further development of the proposed principle of organizing the safe and efficient operation of autonomous intelligent mobile systems is outlined, which is related to the management of their collective activities in the process of performing a complex task with changes occurring spontaneously in a problem environment, accompanied by the emergence of various types of threats in it that prevent their effective operation.
Hybrid Autonomous Vehicle (Aerial and Grounded)
Authors: Reddy V Subba , Madhav Venu , M Bhargav , Krishna A Anjani , A Kishore , Inthiyaz Syed , Ahammad Sk Hasane
Published: February 2023

This work discusses hybrid autonomous vehicles that are grounded and aerial vehicles that are utilized to select their course based on their environmental characteristics. It includes algorithms for path planning, obstacle avoidance, and trajectory planning. It also has a microcontroller, known as the PIXHAWK Flight Controller, for various transmissions and configurations. Calibration and testing are performed using Mission Planner software. This article shows the different problematic features of an autonomous vehicle with several functionalities.
Deep Learning Empowered Diabetic Retinopathy Detection and Classification using Retinal Fundus Images
Authors: Kuna Sril Lxmi , Prasad A.V. Krishna
Published: February 2023

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a commonly occurring disease among diabetic patients that affects retina lesions and vision. Since DR is irreversible, an earlier diagnosis of DR can considerably decrease the risk of vision loss. Manual detection and classification of DR from retinal fundus images is time-consuming, expensive, and prone to errors, contrasting to CAD models. In recent times, DL models have become a familiar topic in several applications, particularly medical image classification. With this motivation, this paper presents new deep learning-empowered diabetic retinopathy detection and classification (DL-DRDC) model. The DL-DRDC technique aims to recognize and categorize different grades of DR using retinal fundus images. The proposed model involves the Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) technique as a pre-processing stage, which is used to enhance the contrast of the fundus images and improve the low contrast of medical images. Besides, the CLAHE is applied to the L channel of the retina images that have higher contrast. In addition, a deep learning-based Efficient Net-based feature extractor is used to generate feature vectors from pre-processed images. Moreover, a deep neural network (DNN) is used as a classifier model to allocate proper DR stages. An extensive set of experimental analyses takes place using a benchmark MESSIDOR dataset and the results are examined interms of different evaluation parameters. The simulation values highlighted the better DR diagnostic efficiency of the DL-DRDC technique over the recent techniques.
Functioning of the Human Heart in the Pron-Position
Authors: Nuzhny V. P. , Dernowoy B. F. , Kibler N. A. , Prosheva V. I. , Shmakov D. N.
Published: February 2023

Aim      To study intracardiac hemodynamics in healthy men in supine and prone positions.

Material and methods  This echocardiography study included 14 apparently healthy men at a mean age of 38 years.

Results In a prone position, the heart configuration and location in the chest changed, the heart rate increased by 7.3 %, and the transaortic flow velocity decreased by 13.7 %. Also, early and late right ventricular diastolic filling velocities and the pulmonary artery flow velocity were increased by 31.7, 11.4, and 5.6 %, respectively. In the intact tricuspid valve, the velocity and regurgitation pressure gradient were reduced by 7 % and 14.2 %, respectively.

Conclusion      In a prone position, spatial changes in the location of the heart and its structures influence velocities of intracardiac blood flow, which may initiate the development of heart failure if the prone position is long-lasting.
Incidence and risk factors associated with caesarean section among Bangladeshi women: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Nargis Sohelee , Khatun Rabea , Saha Kakali , Saha Shilpi
Published: February 2023

Background: Caesarean section is a lifesaving procedure in the presence of maternal and fetal complications. In recent decades the rate of caesarean section is increasing rapidly due to several associated risk factors. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of C-sections among women at Kumudini Women's medical college.
Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the department of obstetrics and gynaecology in Kumudini Women's Medical College, Tangail, Bangladesh. The study was conducted during the period of July 2019 to January 2020. The total sample size this study was 2105.
Results: Majority 696 (33.1%) of participants were aged between 18-24 years and followed by 464(22%) aged 25-30, 569 (27%) aged 31-35 and the rest 376 (17.9%) were aged 36-40 years. A significant association was noticed in respect of previous history of CS, gestation age and fetal weight with the type of delivery (p value, 0.000, 0.033, 0.021). whereas in parity there was no significant relationship with caesarean section (p value, 0.421). A significant association was noticed in respect of pre-eclampsia, eclampsia induction failure, fetal distress, APH, twin, malpresentation, and the type of delivery (p value, 0.02, 0.003, 0.001, 0.001, 0.002, 0.04, 0.03 and 0.1). Whereas in PROM there was no significant relationship with caesarean section (p value=0.1).
Conclusions: This study concludes that the incidence of caesarean sections is seemed to be very high in Bangladesh. Although it is a life-saving procedure, it is important to choose carefully when performing a C-section birth.
The liberal use of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography can be switched over to its selective use to detect choledocholithiasis
Authors: Haji Altaf G. , Ali M. Elhassan  , Elkadi Mahmoud , Sivakumar Naveen , Ahmad Aftab , Syed I. Haider  , Piramanayagam Bala , Palit Amitabh
Published: February 2023

Background: Gallstone disease is known in 10-15% of adults in Western populations. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is the investigation of choice for choledocholithiasis; however, its use is varied, and guidelines are not well defined. The National Institute for Health and Care (NICE) guidelines recommends MRCP to be done when common bile duct (CBD) dilatation ≥8 mm or liver function tests (LFTs) are abnormal but do not quantify this further. The liberal use of MRCP is gaining popularity as a roadmap prior to cholecystectomy, aiming to assess primarily for the presence of migrated gallstones within the cystic duct or common bile duct, as well as providing information regarding the anatomical features of the extrahepatic biliary tree on an individualised basis. Due to these reasons MRCP at times is done unnecessarily which creates economic burden and restricts access to patients in real need of imaging slots.
Methods: It is hospital based retrospective observational study. Time frame was July 2021 to July 2022 and sample size was 230 patients.
Results: Our study showed that isolated elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level should not be reason to evaluate patients for choledocholithiasis. It concluded that elevated serum bilirubin levels, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) are the strongest predictors of CBD stones in patients with gallstone disease and hence can be used to triage patients for undergoing MRCP.
Conclusions: To conclude elevated serum bilirubin levels, ALP and GGT are the strongest predictors of CBD stones in patients with gallstone disease and hence can be used to triage patients for undergoing MRCP. Isolated elevated ALT should not be a reason to evaluate patients for CBD stones.
Choledocholithiasis with hepatolithiasis: spontaneous passage of a string of pearls
Authors: Watter Henry K. , Munugani Suresh
Published: February 2023

Choledocholithiasis is known to pass spontaneously in a large proportion of patients. This case report documents extensive choledocholithiasis and hepatolithiasis presenting as gallstone pancreatitis in a 37-year-old female. All ductal stones (>15 stones measuring up to 10 mm) had passed spontaneously at the time of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, 10 days after presentation. No previous case reports document this number, size and location of ductal stones passing spontaneously.
A study to assess the prevalence of -hypertension among males residing in the community –Area
Authors: Kour Manpreet , Sharma Payal
Published: February 2023

One in three adults has raised blood pressure worldwide, a condition that causes around half of all deaths from stroke and heart disease and it’s a growing public health problem. Studies show that for every known person with hypertension there are two persons with either undiagnosed hypertension or pre hypertension.

Research design: one group pre test post test design, sample: Male Sample Size: 236.

The total number of study participants was 236 and their mean age was 53.7 ± 12.4 years. Around two-third (66.5%) were females. Majority (81.8%) of them were married. Only 18.6% were graduates & above. More than half of them (57.2%) were housewives and only 18.2% were having regular income. Around 47.9% were in high socio economic status (SES) and only 16.9% were in low SES. Majority (90.3%) of them were non-vegetarians.

In this study, the results had showed that the prevalence of hypertension had significantly increased with time and is very high (52.1%) in the urban adult population of Puducherry in South India.
A study to assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme on knowledge regarding preparation of mother about correct breastfeeding technique among primi antenatal mothers at selected hospital of Indore city
Authors: Tiwari Vandana , Kumar Anu V.
Published: February 2023

The present study was carried out to find out the awareness of mother related to breast feeding technique. Breastfeeding is the ideal method suited for the psychological and physiological needs of children. Most of the mothers don't know the correct technique of breast feeding. This leads to many unnoticed and biased problems in babies and lactating mothers. These include improper nutrition to baby, altered growth, Oral thrush, low secretion of milk, inadequate feeds, nipple problems etc. There are few simple ways to practice the art of breast feeding techniques like starting breast feeding immediately after birth, proper positions, latching up and burping up the baby. Minor problems may occur during breast-feeding. But with proper planning, knowledge, and support, mothers can overcome these challenges and continue breast-feeding. Before the baby is born, attending classes, reading books, and watching videos that demonstrate breast-feeding techniques will help the mothers in promoting breast feeding practice. Materials and Methods: An experimental study with one group pre-test post test design, an evaluator research approach was used to find out the effectiveness of video assisted teaching on mothers knowledge regarding correct position and breast feeding technique. The sample consist of 60 mothers who were admitting in SAIMS Hospital, Indore city. The samples were chosen by convenient purposive sampling technique. The data was collected prior and after the structured teaching programme by a structured questionnaire.

The data was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. The knowledge gained through video assisted teaching was found to be highly effective in gaining knowledge. The t- value found to be 28.9with standard error 0.271. The mean pre test 4.75 and post mean test 12.62. The demographic variable such as age, educational status, job, source of information and nutritional status found to be significant.

The video assisted teaching programme was found to be effective in teaching the primigravida mother about the breast feeding technique, it found to be effective for mothers. It was well appreciated and accepted by the mother. The more researches on failure to thrive will find better outcome for obstetrics and gynaecology department.
The Effects of the Energy Transition on Power Sector Employment in Latin America
Authors: Lopez David , Weiss Mariana , Pessanha José Francisco , Arias Karla , Gouvea Livia , Carvalho Metanias Hallack Michelle
Published: February 2023

The present study analyzes the relation between energy transition and the job creation potential in Latin America. It capitalizes on companies' characteristics to infer potential hiring process drivers in forthcoming years. The analysis is based on an econometric model on cross-sectional data to explain the dependent variable "potential hiring rate" depending on the firm's size (based on the number of clients), area of activity or technology, employees' level of education, and the existence of labor policies. The data came from 338 companies interviewed, including generation, transmission, distribution, energy transition services, oil and gas, and construction companies in six Latin American Countries (Bolivia, Chile, Costa Rica, Mexico, Panama, and Uruguay). The econometric study focused on 135 companies that declared hiring new employees in the next year concerning the time they were interviewed. The results show that the smaller energy companies with a larger participation of a qualified workforce will tend to have a higher expected hiring rate in the forthcoming year, implying an inverse relationship between a firm's size and potential hiring rate. The model findings convey that as the workforce is compounded with more qualified employees, the higher the expansion of the company's labor force will be, particularly in renewable generation companies. There is an additional aspect worth considering about the factors behind the company's potential hiring rate, and it is the question of job quality. The results suggest that firms hiring more are those with a lower number of policies in place. It can be explained by the fact that more traditional companies tend to have better-established policies, such as hydrocarbon and utilities. These are not the companies with the highest increase in the workforce. This takeaway raises a discussion about whether a change in the job's quality is associated with the energy transition or if it is just associated with new entrants that will become traditional in the following years. Moreover, it also helps to explain some of the political economies of the labor market that may play a role in the energy transition process. Therefore, one of the present study's main takeaways is the need to analyze deeper and promote job quality in smaller energy companies.
Evaluation of the Integrated Impact of Tylosin and Copper on the Biological Properties of Typical Chernozem
Authors: Trufanov D.A. , Akimenko Yu.V. , Kolesnikov S.I. , Kazeev K.Sh.
Published: February 2023

The complex effect of tylosin and copper on the ecological state of the typical chernozem was estimated depending on the degree of change in its biological parameters. Indicators of the general contamination, the abundance of bacteria p. Azotobacter, catalase activity, length of shoots and roots of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) were studied. It was found that the degree of decrease in biological parameters depends on the concentration of antibiotics, the higher the concentration, the more pronounced the interaction with heavy metals and, therefore, the more significant the inhibitory effect on biological parameters.
Assessment of the State of Water, Soil and Bottom Sediments of the Territory Adjacent to the Former Ash-disposal Area
Authors: Garetova L.A. , Imranova E.L. , Kirienko O.A. , Fisher N.K. , Koshelkov A.M.
Published: February 2023

A comprehensive chemicalanalytical investigation of the state of water, soil, bottom sediments, as well as technogenic soils of the former ash-disposal area in the water-shed area of the Red River in Khabarovsk was carried out. River water exceeds the MAC of soluble chemicals in terms of the content of suspended solids, phenols, oil products, as well as some heavy metals (iron, manganese, copper, nickel and zinc). Widespread contamination of bottom sediments and soil of the ash-disposal area with arsenic was revealed. The background rate of oil products was exceeded by 5.6 times in the soil of the water protection zone of the river. The conclusion was made about the genetic similarity in bottom sediments and soils which is due to the long-term impact of a complex of anthropogenic factors on the water-shed area of the Red River.