bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE PATTERN OF WAVE TRANSFORMATION USING RCPW ave MODEL AT BAU - BAU COAST, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI PROVINCE
Authors: Baharuddin Baharuddin , Pariwono John I , Nurjaya I Wayan
Published: January 2018

When wind-wave generated on deep water propagates into shallow water they will be transformed into several processes such as refraction, shoaling, reflection, diffraction, and finally collapsing. This research has objective to analyze the pattern of wave transformation which pro pagate into Bau-Bau coastal waters by using RCPWave Model as a numerical model solution to predict wave condition within the surf zone. The model showed that the wave transformation at Bau -Bau Coastal waters was influenced by coastal morphology and characteristic that was more open to the west (to the opensea) than to the east coast (bordered by Buton Strait). Wave transformation occurred from both sides, either from west or east side. When wave were broken at the western coast the wave high from west and east were 1.9 m and 0.5 respectively. At the eastern coast were 1.0 m and 0.7 m. The highest wave high occurred at head land or peninsula. Keywords: wave transformation, RCPWave, Bau-Bau Coast, refraction, shoaling,reflection, diffraction and collapsing
THE ABUNDANCE OF RECENT FORAMINIFERA IN SURFACE SEDIMENT OF AMBON BAY
Authors: Natsir Suhartati M.
Published: January 2018

Foraminifera are generally live in sea water with various sizes. These organisms consist of planktonic and benthic foraminifera. Geological activity on plutonic and volcanic with vomiting magma is transpiring on, and then affects sedimentation and foraminiferal abundance of Ambon Bay. The study was determined to study the abundance and distribution of foraminifera based on the sediment characteristic of Ambon Bay. Sample collected in 2007 of Ambon Bay showed that only 29 samples of 50 samples containing foraminifera. The collected sediments have 86 species of foraminifera, consisting 61 species of benthic foraminifera and 25 species of planktonic foraminifera. The dominant benthic foraminifera in the surface sediment of Ambon bay were Amphistegina lessonii, Ammoniabeccarii,Elphidium craticulatum,Operculina ammonoides and Quinqueloculina parkery. The planktonic foraminifera that were frequently collected from the bay were Globorotalia tumida, Globoquadrina pseudofoliata, Globigerinoides pseudofoliata, Globigerinoides cyclostomus dan Pulleniatina finalis. Generally, the species dwelled as abundant on substrate sand, whereas the areas within substrate mud have no foraminifera lie on them. Keywords: Foraminifera, Abundance, Sediment, Ambon Bay
MAPPING AND INDEX VEGETATION ANALYSES OF MANGROVE IN SAPARUA ISLAND, CENTRAL MOLUCCAS
Authors: Waas Harold J. D. , Nababan Bisman
Published: January 2018

2TMapping and index vegetation analyses of mangrove in coastal areas of Saparua Island, Central Moluccas was conducted using Landsat 7/ETM+ satellite data acquired in April to May 2007. The results showed that the distributions of mangrove vegetation were concentrated in the north, south, and west of the region with the area of 218.88 ha (38.26%), 105.12 ha (18.38%), and 248.04 ha (43.36%), respectively. Total area of mangrove vegetation in this island was about 572.04 ha (5.72 kmP2P), or 3.49% of the island area. Vegetation indexes (NDVI) in the north, south, and west of the region were dominated by values of >0.7 (very high density).Keyword: Mangrove, NDVI, Landsat Satellite, Saparua, Central Maluku
IDENTIFICATION OF ANEMONEFISHES (Amphiprioninae) AND THEIR SIMBIONT IN SPERMONDE ARCHIPELAGO, SOUTH SULAWESI
Authors: Yasir Inayah , Syafiuddin Syafiuddin , Sumarjito Sumarjito
Published: January 2018

The study was conducted in June 2009 around the waters of Samalona, Barranglompo, Koedingareng Keke, Badi, Langkai and Kapoposang islands, representing four zones of Spermonde Archipelago of South Sulawesi. Seven species of anemonefish from two genera were found living symbiotically with 7 species of sea anemones. Those fishes were Amphiprion clarkii, A. melanopus, A. ocellaris, A. sandaracinos, A. perideraion, A. polymnus and Premnas biaculeatus. Three of these fishes were simbiotically found with one species of anemone (specific symbiont), and one species of fish was symbiotically found with five species of anemones.Keywords: Amphiprioninae, Spermonde Archipelago, anemone symbiont
REPRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF HUMPBACK GROUPER (Cromileptes altivelis) FROM WILD BROODSTOCK (F-0), FIRST GENERATION BROODSTOCK (F-1), AND SECOND GENERATION BROODSTOCK (F-2)
Authors: Tridjoko Tridjoko
Published: January 2018

Grouper seeding technology still relies on the broodstock from the ocean, eventhough, the existence of the broodstock is rare and difficult to obtain. The broodstock takes a long time to mature and spawn. Therefore, to anticipate the scarcity humpback grouper from wild, it is important to produce broodfish from aquaculture. This study was aimed to know the reproduction performance of humpback grouper wild broodstock F-0, first generation broodstock (F-1) and second generation broodstock (F-2). The cultured of humback grouper broodstock used three tanks 75 m3 in volume (tank I, II and tank III). Tank I: reared 35 fishes broodstock F-0. Tank II and tank III for reared each 50 fishes F-1 and F-2 broodstock. Food for broodstock from the wild (F-0) was given from fresh trash fish, squid, and added vitamin mixture, vitamin C and vitamin E. Meanwhhile, food given to F-1 and F-2 broodstock was a commercial dry pellet (PG 9-10) that contains following nutrients: protein content of 43%, min. fat of 9%, ash content of 13%, fiber levels of 2%, and moisture content of 12%. Mixture of vitamin C and E were also added. The results showed that the humpback grouper F-0, F-1 and F-2 were cultured in 75 m3 concrete tank was successfully spawn with the fertilization rate of 87%, 78% and 45% respectively. This result proves that the broodstock from F-0 gaved the best results.Keywords: Humpback grouper reproduction, wild broodstock (F-0), first generation (F-1), seccond generation (F-2)
FISH COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN DIFFERENT SEAGRASS BEDS OF BARRANG LOMPO ISLAND
Authors: Rappe Rohani Ambo
Published: January 2018

The importance of seagrass meadows as a habitat for fishes, including several of economic importance, is widely acknowledged. The complexity of seagrass beds might offer a different condition of habitat for fishes. The physical nature of the seagrass canopy is thought to play a major role, potentially influencing available shelter, food, and protection from predators. Structural complexity of seagrass such as shoot and leaf density is also an important factor in determining ecological function of seagrass in the marine environment. The objective of the research is to assess the ecological function of different seagrass beds (in terms of spesies and density) in supporting fish community. The study found 28 species of fish originating from 14 families and Pomacentridae were dominantly found. Abundance of fish found to be higher in seagrass beds with high densities both composed by one species of seagrass (monospesific) or by more than one species of seagrass (multispesific), compared to the seagrass beds with low density and bare areas. Fish community diversity index was found higher in dense seagrass beds composed of many species of seagrass compared to the rare and consists of only one species of seagrass. The presence of epiphytes as nutrients for the fish that live in seagrass beds may contribute to the finding.Keywords: Seagrass, fish, Barrang Lompo Island
PLANNING ON HATCHING TIME OF GROUPER EGGS THROUGH DIFFERENT INCUBATION TEMPERATURES
Authors: Melianawati Regina , Imanto Philip Teguh , Suastika Made
Published: January 2018

Groupers were known as a high economically marine commodity and in order to support groupers production, the seed availability was the most important. Eggs are still as limited factor in hatchery production, for this reason the success of eggs transportation is one as base of successful production of seed. Planning on hatching time of eggs through different incubation temperature was an option to solve that problem. This experiment was aimed to find out the optimum temperature for groupers eggs and the minimum temperature to arrange incubation time and to plan the hatching time. Fertilized eggs were incubated into three beaker glasses of 1 liter in volume with the density of ± 250 eggs/liter. The incubation was done under laboratory condition at controlled temperature, i.e. (A) 21-22 ºC, (B) 24-25 ºC, (C) 27-28 ºC and (D) 30-31 ºC. The eggs that used were including orange spotted grouper (Epinephelus coiodes), brown marbled grouper (E. microdon), tiger grouper (E. fuscoguttatus) and humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis). Investigated variables were embryonic development pattern, incubation time and hatching rate. The result showed that the eggs incubated in temperature range of 24-31°C had the normal sequence of embryonic development pattern, but in temperature of 21-22°C performed irregular sequence and the embryonic development stopped at blastula or gastrula stage or even the eggs could still develop but the body of hatched larvae were abnormal. In lower temperature incubation, the incubation time was longer and the hatching rate of eggs was lower than those in higher temperature. Therefore the optimum temperature for incubation of orange spotted grouper, marbled grouper, tiger grouper and humpback grouper eggs ranged between 24-31 ºC, while the lowest possible temperature was 24 ºC.Keywords: incubation temperature, embryonic development pattern, grouper eggs, hatching rate
SUBTROPICAL WATER MASSES IN HALMAHERA WATERS
Authors: Hadikusumah Hadikusumah
Published: January 2018

Research of water masses by using conductivity temperature depth (CTD), are conducted in the eastern path of the Indonesia Throughflow (ITF) in the Halmahera, Seram and Banda seas during March-April 2007 under the Expedition of Widya Nusantara (EWIN). The objective of this research is to see maximum salinity spread of South Pacific Subtropical Water (SPSW) water masses enter the eastern Indonesia Waters. The temperature and salinity profiles show the presence of the presence of SPSW have been very much confined to the Halmahera Sea only. Little of this water masses have been detected in the eastern Seram Sea, but none in Banda Sea. Early data of Arlindo Mixing (ARMIX) experiment in southeast monsoon 1993 indicated that this water masses SPSW may entered the southern most part of the Moluccas Sea. Type of South Pacific Subtropical Water (SPSW) water masses appears in the Halmahera Sea at an average depth of 200m and the dominant flows between Halmahera and Obi Islands (Moluccas Sea continues to the east). Type of South Pacific Intermediate Water (SPIW) water mass appeared on average Halmahera Sea at a depth of 750m and the dominant flows between Halmahera and Obi Islands (Moluccas Sea continues to the east). Type of North Pacific Subtropical Water (NPSW) water masses at an average depth of ~ 150m found in the northern part of Halmahera, the dominant flow to the Celebes Sea, Makassar Strait, Flores Sea and partly flows into Lombok Straits. Type of minimum salinity water mass of North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) obtained at an average depth of ~ 400m dominant flow towards the Celebes Sea, Makassar Strait and Flores Sea.Keywords: maximum salinity, SPSW, Halmahera, Seram, and Banda Seas
POTENTIAL ENERGY OF OCEAN CURRENT FOR ELECTRIC POWER GENERATIONIN COASTAL AREAS OF EAST FLORES, NTT
Authors: Yuningsih Ai , Masduki Achmad
Published: January 2018

The electrical energy is one of the important needs for coastal communities particularly in small islands that has not reached by national electricity network. In order to fulfill this particular electricity needs, we do variety diversification efforts, such as the utilization of the ocean currents. The purpose of this survey is to recognize the morphology of seafloor and characteristic of hydro-oceanography as a fixed reference location in using the current energy. The study area is in the Larantuka Strait between Flores and Adonara islands which is part of the Flores Strait, East Nusatenggara Province. The methods of this study are current measurements, tidal and meteorological parameter observations, condition of coastal morphology and seafloor of the study area. The result show that, the location for turbine position is in area with relatively gentle slope morphology at a 20 meters water depth and it is close to local community. Based on the analysis of ADCP mobile current measurement, the minimum current velocity is 0.004 m/sec and maximum 3.68 m/sec. Whereas, from the ADCP static measurements the current velocity is from 0.002 m/sec to 2.83 m/sec. This condition is closely related to the semi-diurnal tide type in the study area, with two pairs of flood and web events within 24 hours. Therefore, the results of ocean current energy analysis indicate that the study area is very potential for using as a power plant location.Keywords: potential energy of ocean currents, power plants, energy diversification, Larantuka Strait, East Flores
COASTAL ENVIRONMENTAL VULNERABILITY ON COASTAL CITIES IN INDONESIA
Authors: Wibowo Adi , Supriatna Supriatna
Published: January 2018

Indonesia is known as a country with a strong in shipping, both nationally and internationally, which is shown by the number of coastal cities in Indonesia. Population growth in coastal cities in line with history of civilization who lived along the coast of Indonesia. Population growth led to expansion of the coastal cities in Indonesia, this increase affect land use change. Changes in land use, especially use of forest, will increase the use of setlement and agricultural caused an impact on increasing the contaminant throw into the river body or water body. Eventually cause contamination into the sea also increase, mainly going to affect the coastal environment around the coastal city. The objective is to find out coastal environmental vulnerability on coastal cities in Indonesia using spatial analysis method. First, count the number of population growth per year as index of population. Second, the number of land use change will be used as in index of change of land use. Third, count the number of river through the city and towards the sea coast, the results will show the index number of rivers. Index of population growth, land use change index and index number of rivers are combined and used to calculate the level of vulnerability of coastal environment around the coastal city spatially. The conclusion was that the higher the number of population growth, the higher of the landuse change and the most of rivers in the coastal city, that’s the higher the level of vulnerability of coastal environments.Keywords: coastal city, land use, river, environmental vulnerability
BENTHIC FORAMINIFERAL ASSEMBLAGES IN NATUNA ISLANDS
Authors: Natsir Suhartati M. , Subkhan M. , Rubiman Rubiman , Wibowo Singgih P.A.
Published: January 2018

Natuna Islands cluster consisting of large and small islands which a very diverse ecosystems are occurred, including mangrove, seagrass and coral reefs. These waters can be a conducive habitat for various marine organisms, including foraminifera that can live in all types of waters. Collected foraminifera from a site reflect the relationships between species that are affected by ecological factors and the ability of these organisms adapt to their environment. These organisms are also used in the petroleum and mining line, and studied in the micropaleontology and palaeoecology. Therefore, the data on foraminifera in a marine community, including the waters of Natuna Islands are very important to support the fields. Sampling of this study was conducted in April 2011 in the waters off the coast until the ocean waters covering Bunguran, Subi Besar and Laut Islands. The benthic foraminifera that was collected as abundant in these three waters is symbiont bearing foraminifera, namely Amphistegina lessonii.Keywords: Assemblage, foraminifera, benthic and Natuna
STUDY OF SHORELINE CHANGES AT JENEBERANG RIVER DELTA, MAKASSAR
Authors: Sakka Sakka , Purba Mulia , Nurjaya I Wayan , Pawitan Hidayat , Siregar Vincentius P.
Published: January 2018

The study of shoreline changes during 1990 - 2008 in the delta of the River Jeneberang, Makassar was conducted by evaluating sediment transport into and out of a cell. Longshore sediment transport was computed by considering the influence of heights and angles of the breaking waves. Results of calculation of sediment transport showed that the dominant of sediment transport was to the north during the arrival of the southwest and west waves, and to the south when the wave coming from the northwest. Comparison between shore profiles resulting from model and coastline satellite imagery showed similarity. The difference between the two tend to be occurred at the head land part of the shoreline. This was due to complexity of coastal dynamic at the area. The results of the 19 years shoreline simulation showed that there was a tendency of abrasion at the upsteam head land part as the wave energy tend to converge and accretion at the bay part as the wave energy tend to diverge. Abrasion mainly occurred at Tanjung Bunga (head land) where the coast retreat 181.1 m. Accretion occur in the bay area (Tanjung Merdeka) where the coast advance to the sea for about 59.8 m. The shoreline tend to be stable when the profile was straight such as Barombong Coast.Keywords: abrasion, accretion, sediment transport, shoreline changes.
POTENTIAL ROLES OF BIOTIC FACTORS IN REGULATING ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY DYNAMICS IN JAKARTA BAY SHALLOW WATER COASTAL ECOSYSTEM
Authors: Rachman Arief , Fitriya Nurul
Published: January 2018

The dynamics in zooplankton abundance were regulated by changes in water physical-chemical parameters and interaction with biotic factors. In this research we examined the relationship between zooplankton community dynamic and important biotic factors, such as predation and food availability, in Jakarta bay. Plankton samplings were done in 10 sampling stations in Jakarta bay, from July to November 2009. Zooplankton samples were collected using horizontal towing method with NORPAC plankton net (mesh size 300 μm). Salinity, water depth, water temperature, and water transparency were measured. Phytoplankton samples were also collected with the same method as zooplankton, using Kitahara plankton net (mesh size 80 μm). Zooplankton taxas were grouped into two groups, the prey and predatory zooplankton. The results showed that there were two different patterns in zooplankton groups dynamic i.e., the single and double peak. The abundance peak in most zooplankton groups, such as copepods, cirripeds, luciferids, and tunicates, were induced by the high food availability during the phytoplankton bloom in August. The high abundance of prey zooplankton groups in August was responded by the predatory zooplankton groups, resulting in high abundance of predatory zooplankton in adjacent month. The high abundance of ctenophores and chordates (fish larvae) were suggested as the main factor for the low abundance of other zooplankton in September. Physical and chemical factors were not the regulating factors due to the stability of those factors during this research period. Thus we concluded that food availability and predator-prey interaction were the main factors which regulate zooplankton community dynamics in Jakarta bay.Keywords: predator-prey interaction, zooplankton, abundance peak, food availability, phytoplankton bloom
EFFECT ON DIETARY PROTEIN AND FEEDING RATE ON GROWTH OF TIGER GROUPER (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) JUVENILE
Authors: Marzuqi Muhammad , Astuti Ni Wayan Widya , Suwirya Ketut
Published: January 2018

The grouper fish culture was developed after its succesful seed production in hatchery well known. In grow-out culture grouper, the protein requirement and feeding rate have to know well in order to understand the effectiveness on feed utilization . The experiment was designed by factorial design with the first factor as 3 dietary protein (36%, 42%, 48%) and the second factor as 3 feeding rate ( 1,5%, 2,0%, 2,5%). Ten of juvenile tiger grouper (102, 51-102, 73 g of body weight) were stocked in 27 polycarbonate tanks with 400 l volume each. Each tank was equiped with aeration and flow-through water system. Fish was fed three time per day i.e. 08:00, 11:30 and 15:30 Central Indonesia Standard Time for 16 weeks. Every week was measured body weight, survival rate, and feed quantity. The parameter used in this experiment were weight gain, spesific growth rate, feed efficiency and survival rate. The results of the experiment showed that the combination of protein level (36%, 42%, 48%) with feed ratio (1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%) gave response on growth, weight gain and survival rate. Combination dietary protein level of 48% and feed ratio 1.5% gave higher weight gain and survival rate with values of 104.05 ± 5.89% and 96.67 ± 5.57 %, respectively.Keywords: Dietary protein and feeding rate , growth, tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus)
SPAWNING AND LARVAL DEVELOPMENT DOG CONCH (Strombus turturella)
Authors: Dody Safar
Published: January 2018

Dog conch (Strombus turturella) is considered one of fishery commodities in Bangka Belitung Islands. This conch is often exploited and result in their populations are increasingly threatened. The aim of study to observe the reproduction and larval development of dog conch were studied under laboratory conditions. For the treatment of spawning the dog conch were placed in spawning tanks with a capacity of 1 ton. Stimulation of spawning is done by replacing the water in the tank as much as 90% every 24 hours until the eggs released by females. Spawning was preceded by copulation and fertilization occurs inside the female's body.The results showed that the first egg cell divides into two cells after two hours of spawning. Then each cell continues to divide into four cells to become multicellular and reach the gastrula stage after 48 hours. Free swimming larval phase for four days and then settle down along with the formation of the first shell. The larvae will grow up to 5 mm shell length for 20 days.Keywords: Dog conch, Strombus turturella, spawning, larva development
FISIOLOGY ADAPTATION OF SANDY ANEMONE (Heteractis malu) EXPOSED TO ELEVATED TEMPERATURES: LABORATORY CONDITION
Authors: Zamani Neviaty Putri
Published: January 2018

Sandy anemone (Heteractis malu), belongs to Phylum Cnidaria, physiologically is very close to coral stone, which was a major component of coral reef ecosystems. As coral stone, Heteractis malu also has symbiotic algae (Zooxanthella). Physiologically, the alga symbiotic relationship of coral stone is almost similar with Heteractis malu. Maintaining Heteractis malu in the laboratory is relativly easier compared to that of coral stone. Advantages of the Heteractis malu vs. stone coral, its body is not covered by limestone makingit easier in processing analyses. The response of the anemone to stress is expected similar with coral stone. This research aims to analyze the response and adaptation of Heteractis malu to the temperature increase of 1 °C and 2 °C of the normal temperature (28 °C). The impact of temperature increases on Heteractis malu did not significantly affect the density of zooxanthellae, however, there was a significant increase of mitotic index. In addition, during a recovery process, Heteractis malu immune system did not show a significant increase based on its mitotic index results tended to decrease during the second phase of stress treatment.Keywords: Adaptation, sandy anemone (Heteractis malu), temperature increase,, zooxanthellae
INCREASING COLOR QUALITY OF RED EMPEROR SNAPPER Lutjanus sebae SEED THROUGH ENRICHED DIET WITH RED FRUIT Pandanus conoideus OIL AS BETA-CAROTEN SOURCE
Authors: Aslianti Titiek , Nasukha Afifah
Published: January 2018

Market price of red emperor snapper Lutjanus sebae is often determined by its color performance. Adding beta-carotene on a fish diet would possibly escalate red pigmentation. Oil from a red fruit (Pandanus conoideus, Lam) known as potential beta-carotene source was used as a supplement diets. The dosage of 10, 5, and 0 ml were added to every kg of pellet as the treatment. Three hundred seeds with initial average length of 8.43±0.9 cm and body weight of 13.22±3.9 g were stocked in each of three unit fiberglass tank of 4 m3 seawater (salinity of 33-34). Experiment was conducted during three-month periods. Feeding frequency was twice a day with dosage of 3% of biomass. Monthly monitoring was done to measure the growth rate. Color performance was taken by digital photography at the end of observation and analyzed by conversion methods of color gradation using “Microsoft Adobe Photoshop-8”program. Carotene contents in the diets and fish body was examined. Fed effectivity values were observed by analysis of feed conversion ratio (FCR) and water quality that observed every 3 days. The results showed that the Pandanus conoideus oil as beta-carotene source had a significant role in increasing performance of red emperor snapper color i.e. brighten in red color. Ten ml dosage of Pandanus conoideus oil gave the best color and growth performance with 17.99 cm and 143.10 g for total length and body weight respectively, with 95.67% survival rate.Keywords: Beta-carotene, Color Performance, Red emperor snapper, Red fruit oil.
REPRODUCTION BIOLOGY OF TRUE PERCULA CLOWN FISH Amphiprion percula IN HATCHERY
Authors: Setiawati Ketut Maha , Gunawan Gunawan , Hutapea Jhon Harianto
Published: January 2018

True percula clown fish (Amphiprion percula) is one of marine ornamental fish with high economic value and can spawn throughout the year in an aquarium. The aims of this research were to understand reproduction aspects of true percula clown fish broodstock in an aquarium. A pair of broodstock used in this experiment were 4-9 cm in total length and maintained in an aquarium of 60x40x30 cm3 dimension. Numbers of brrodstock were 18 pairs and each aquarium filled with one pair of broodstock. During the experiment, fish were fed with artificial feed first and one hour later with mysids shrimp and copepod until satiation twice a day. Parameters observed were broodstock size, numbers and hatching rate of eggs. The results showed, the size of spawned female were range from 6.6-9.5 cm and male from 4.6-6.2 cm. Average of eggs produced per spawning was varied 423±255 with the average of spawning frequency was 2.78±0.38 times/month. Broodstock was spawn partially with the maximum spawning frequency of single broodstock was 4 times/month. The biggest female with size of 9.5 cm was still productive and spawn 3 times/month. There was a pair of broodstock which can produce more than 700 eggs/spawning. This results indicated that true percula clown fish can spawn throughout the year in the aquarium with varied of eggs number and spawning frequency for each individual and spawning period. The average of hatching rate during the experiment was 79.72±13.73 % with range between first to the next spawning 0f 7-14 day.Keywords: reproduction, true percula clown fish, Amphiprion percula, hatching rate
FOULING ORGANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH MANGROVE IN AMBON INNER BAY
Authors: Tapilatu Yosmina , Pelasula Daniel
Published: January 2018

Limited literatures exist on fouling organisms attached to mangrove in Ambon Inner Bay (AIB). The purpose of this research is to obtain updated information on fouling organism in this ecosystem. Samplings were carried out in two periods, representing first transition period and west monsoons, at two different locations in AIB (Poka and Kate-kate). Methods used were direct observation and descriptive exploration during sampling. Fouling organisms and mangrove type were identified using identification books. The results obtained indicate that predominant organisms belonged to mollusks and crustacea. Four gastropod species (Littorina scabra, Nerita oualaniens, Terebralia sulcata, Cassidula nucleus) and one bivalve (Saccostrea cucullata) were identified. Clibanarius ambonensis and Cardisoma carnifex were the species identified from crustacea group. Type of mangrove found, either naturally or through replanting program in Poka were Rhizophora apiculata, R. stylosa and Sonneratia alba. There were four different species found in Kate-kate (S. alba, R. apiculata, Ceriops tagal and Aegiceras corniculatum).Keywords: fouling organisms, mangrove ecosystem, Ambon Inner Bay
SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF SHORELINE CHANGES IN THE COASTAL OF SUBANG DISTRICT, WEST JAVA
Authors: Taofiqurohman Ankiq , Ismail M. Furqon Azis , Ismail M. Furqon Azis , Ismail M. Furqon Azis
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT Observation of coastal shoreline changes in the Subang District was conducted using Digital Shoreline Analysis System Program based on the satelite images of Landsat TM from 1996 to 2010. The purpose of this study was to determine the distance of shoreline change. Methods used in this study were field survey and regression analysis of shoreline data. The results of this study indicated the existence of a region experiencing accretion and abrasion. The maximum width of accretion of the coast was 1,051.55 meter while the maximum abration was 1,206.83 meter. Coastal shoreline change in Subang District occurred mainly due to the development activities such as residential construction, altering the coastal mangrove to ponds and rice paddies, and sediment transport from the river around Subang District. Keywords: shoreline, Subang District, satelite images, accretion, abration
SEAGRESS COVERAGE AND ECOSYSTEM CONDITION AT THE COASTAL AREA OF MADASANGER, JELENGA AND MALUK, WEST SUMBAWA
Authors: Poedjirahajoe Erny , Mahayani Ni Putu Diana , Sidharta Boy Rahardjo , Salamuddin Muhamad
Published: January 2018

The increase of temperature might affect the distribution and reproduction of seagrass. This research aims to determine the seagrass bed coverage and the ecosystem condition. Three line transects were established perpendicular to the coastal line with the distance of 50-100 m, or up to the border of the intertidal area. In each transect, sampling points were determined with a distance of 10-20 m. At the sampling points, a plot of 50 cm x 50 cm was established to measure the coverage percentage of seagrass vegetation. The seagrass species were also observed and recorded along the line transects. The percentage of seagrass coverage was measured using a method from Saito and Atobe (1994). The results showed that the coastal area of Jelenga has the highest percentage of seagrass coverage (>60%, healthy) among other coastal areas. This may be caused by the characteristic of Jelenga coast which was relatively calm, few visitors, low water turbidity, and high light penetration. While, other transects have percentage coverage of less than 60% (less healthy). There was one transect on Maluk coast which has coverage percentage of less than 29% (lack of seagrass species). The small coverage percentage on Maluk coast can be caused by the high number of visitors and high activity of fishing boats around the coast which results in high turbidity. Keywords: coverage, ecosystem condition, seagrass bed, west Sumbawa.
SETTLEMENT ABILITY OF PEARL OYSTER (Pinctada maxima) LARVAE AT DIFFERENT POSITIONS AND DEPTHS COLLECTORS
Authors: Hamzah Mat Sardi
Published: January 2018

One of the success  factor in the cultivation of pearl oysters (Pinctada maxima) within laboratory scale of  is the  ability of the larvae to settle on  the collector. Stocking collectors which are not on time with an irregular position could cause a decline in seed production. The research was conducted from 25 July to 27August 2011 at Laboratory of Marine Bio-industry Technical Implementatation Unit,  Research Centre for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara (NTB). The aim of the study was to observe the attachment of larvae at different position and depth. Analysis of variance showed that larvae settlement was influenced  by  depth instead of position and the interaction between them. Real Honest Different Test showed that in the 20 cm depth was significantly different from  60 cm and 100 cm in number of larvae attached  on the collector. The highest survival rate was in 20 cm depth with 68,98% (516 larvae) while in 60 cm was 17,11% (128 larvae) and 100 cm (9,22% (69 larvae), and the others were attached on the wall of  the tank 4,68% (35 larvae). Keywords: settlement ability of pearl oyster’s larvae (Pinctada maxima), collector, depth
THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT IMMERSION METHOD AND TIME ON THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SKIPJACK TUNA (Katsuwonus pelamis) FISH MEAL
Authors: Litaay Christina , Santoso Joko
Published: January 2018

High fat content in a dark fleshed fish can affect on nutritional value because it can lead to odors in fish meal products. Effort Immersion (deffating) is one way to reduce fat content in fish meal products in order to reduce the products from odor. Research on methods and durations of immersion effects were conducted from October to November 2011. This study aimed to determine the best method to get quality materials skipjact tuna fish meal based on methods and durations of immersion.  Fish sampling were taken from the village of Latuhalat, Ambon-Maluku waters. Deffating process used water, 3% acetic acid, and 0.8% sodium bicarbonate. Immersion durations were 2, 4, and 6 hours. Deffating method using 0.8% sodium bicarbonate with 6 hours immersion time exhibited the best quality fish meal with protein content of 82.86% and 1.10% fat content. Keywords: deffating, fish meal, skipjact tuna.
ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY IN LAMALERA SEA AND SAWU SEA, EAST NUSA TENGGARA
Authors: Fitriya Nurul , Lukman Muhammad
Published: January 2018

Zooplankton community was studied in Lamalera Sea and Sawu Sea during DIKTI-P2O LIPI Expedition from 19 – 30 July 2011. Besides being a potential fishing ground, the Lamalera sea and Sawu Sea have been a migration path for Cetacean (large marine mammals), particularly during the southeast monsoon season. The purposes of this study were to investigate community structure, abundance, and spatial distribution of zooplankton in the Lamalera Sea and the Sawu Sea.  Plankton samples were collected from 23 stations, by NORPAC 300 µm-net that was vertically hauled from maximum 200 meter depth up to the surface water. The result showed that there were 45 taxa of zooplankton, which was dominated by copepods . The abundance of the zooplankton between 491 - 4537 individu/m3. Average diversity index and evenness values were 1.59 ± 0.21 and 0.50 ± 0.04, respectively. In this area, Creel has been found in all research stations but the abundance was small. Species composition was relatively the same between sampling stations suggesting that there was no different in composition between north and south parts, which virtually comprise of different water masses. It showed that spatial distribution of zooplankton was relatively  wide-reaching. Keywords: zooplankton, copepoda, creel, Lamalera sea, and Sawu Sea.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF TROPICAL BROWN ALGAE Padina australis FROM PRAMUKA ISLAND, DISTRICT OF SERIBU ISLAND, INDONESIA
Authors: Santoso Joko , Podungge Fitriany , Sumaryanto Heru
Published: January 2018

The proximate composition, dietary fiber, and total phenol contents as well as antioxidant activity of tropical brown alga Padina australis collected from the Pramuka Island, District of Seribu Island, Indonesia during the rainy season of 2011 were determined in order to evaluate their potential nutritional value and activity of natural antioxidant compound. The content of ash, protein, and fat were 22.26, 10.76, and 4.17 g/100 g dry matter, respectively; whereas the amounts of soluble, insoluble, and total dietary fibers were 8.4, 5.4, and 13.8 g/100 g, respectively. Methanol extract of P. australis contained the highest total phenol of 246.1 mg GAE/1000 g dry sample. The extract also had the highest activity on DPPH radical scavenging, measured by IC50 of 267.1 ppm. Both the total phenol and IC50 value extracts decreased in the following order: methanol > ethyl acetate > n-hexane.Keywords: antioxidant, dietary fiber, DPPH-scavenging, Padina australis, proximate composition
CHARACTERIZATION OF FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES FISH PROTEIN CONCENTRATE OF SKIPJACK ROE (Katsuwonus pelamis)
Authors: Rieuwpassa Frets Jonas , Santoso Joko , Santoso Joko , Trilaksani Wini , Trilaksani Wini
Published: January 2018

By product that rich in protein such as fish roes are potential as raw material for protein concentrate. This research aimed to utilize skipjack roes to produce protein concentrate and to characterize its functional properties. The method used to extract protein was defatting method using isopropyl alcohol and ethanol with extraction times of 1, 2, and 3 hours.  The results showed that skipjack roes contained 19.81% of protein, 3.41% of fat, 71.32% of moisture, 2.04% of ash, and 1.53% of carbohydrate (by difference). Defatting method using isopropyl alcohol for 3 hours produced the best roe protein concentrate (RPC).  The product meets to the quality requirements of fish protein concentrate type B, contained protein and fat of 71.79% and 2.78%, respectively. This product also had functional properties as follows: water absorption capacity (1.57 ml/g), oil absorption capacity (1.82 g/g), emulsion capacity (81.65%), bulk density (0.51 g/ml), foaming capacity (1.90 ml), foaming stability (0.22 ml) and protein digestibility (95.86%).  Lysine and leucine became the major essential amino acid of RPC, with values were 70.76 and 64.91 mg/g protein, respectively. The composition of amino acids of RPC skipjack consisted of 8 essentials amino acids, 5 non-essentials amino acids and 2 semi-essentials amino acids. Keywords: extraction, fish roe skipjack, roe protein concentrate
NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY FEED WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF PROTEIN AND LIPID ON CORAL ROCK GROUPER (Epinephelus corallicola) JUVENILE
Authors: Marzuqi Muhammad , Anjusary Dewi Nasbha
Published: January 2018

The aims of this study was  to determine the nutrient digestibility coefficient of diet with diertary  levels of protein and lipid on  coral rock grouper (Epinephelus corallicola) juvenile. This study used completely randomized design with factorial arranged in 3 different treatment of dietary protein levels i.e., 36%, 42%, and 48%;and 2 different treatment  of dietary lipid levels  i.e., 9% and 18%; with 3 repetition. The average initial body weight of fishes for this study was 29.19 ± 0.97 g/fish. Fishes were reared in 18 pieces of polycarbonate tank with water volume of 30 liters with stocked density of 7 fishes/tank. The tank equipped with aeration with water flow change of 20 liters/hour. Fish were fed 2 times per day on at satiation  and fish rearing for 150 days. Parameters measured were protein, lipid, carbohydrate and energy of digestibility coefficient . The results showed that the interaction of protein and lipid levels that differ in feed ratio significantly affected on protein, lipid, carbohydrate, and energy digestibility coefficients. In general, feed with a protein content of 36% and 9% lipid  produced good nutrient digestibility coefficient  and  better economic value. Keywords: protein, lipid, feed nutrient digestibility, coral rock  grouper
IMPROVEMENT OF SEED PRODUCTION AND QUALITY GROUPER BY HYBRIDIZATION PROGRAM
Authors: Ismi Suko , Asih Yasmina Nirmala , Kusumawati Daniar
Published: January 2018

Several types of grouper hybrid seeds can now be massively produced in a hatchery. Hybrid seeds can increase diversification of aquaculture species and potential to increase fish production.  Therefore, an  improvement in hybrid seed production both in high quantity and quality is very important. This research was conducted to produce massively cantik grouper hybrid seeds i.e.,a crossbreed between female tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) and male marbled grouper (Epinephelus microdon). This research examined the cantik grouper seed production compared with the production of tiger grouper and marbled grouper fingerlings. The research results showed that cantik hybrid grouper seeds production had higher survival rate (24.59%) than tiger grouper (17.44%) and marbled grouper (4.63%). The total length of the seed at the age of 45 days for cantik grouper  was 3.59 ± 0.21 cm, tiger 3.24 ± 0.55 cm, and batik 2.61 ± 0.42 cm, respectively. Seed abnormality for cantik grouper was 4.13%, tiger grouper 30.21%, and marled tiger 0.57%, respectively. Based on genetic variation analyses, the cantik grouper had a closer genetic relationship with the marbled grouper compared with the tiger grouper. Keywords: Marbled grouper, hybridization program, seeds production, quality
HEREDITY OF BAND PATTERN IN CLOWN FISH, Amphiprion percula
Authors: Sembiring Sari B.M. , Setiawati K.M. , Hutapea J.H. , Subamia W.
Published: January 2018

One of marine ornamental fishes which was succeeded on its breeding, from eggs production to larval and juvenile rearing at Institute for Mariculture Research and Development, Gondol was Clown fish, Amphiprion percula. In local name, the fish also known as Biak Clown fish. In culture development, the fish frequently faced the problem on color pattern which was not meet with export demand. The fish should be bright orange and thin black stripe pattern. In this experiment, analysis was conducted to understand the juvenile color variation produced from 3 pairs broodstock. Larvae and juvenile were reared in the indoor hatchery for 2-3 months,then reared at outdoor tanks for other 3-4 months. Amplification of broodstock and juvenile genoms using specific primer for pigment sequens. Parameters observed on juvenile were classified into three color pattern classes i.e., class I (thick black stripe and disperse), class II(thick black stripe), and class III (thin black stripe). Numbers of juvenile analyzed from its pair broodstock and each class were 2-3 fishes. Color perform similarity coefficient was analyzed  molecularly using sequencing. Sequencing process followed: DNA isolation, amplification using   gen Tyr primer, purification PCR product and finally DNA sequencing. Sequencing analyses of PCR product, after alignment  showed that similarity coefficient of color pattern of class I, II, and III between broodstock and juvenile was only 50 %, and phenotipically, color pattern appeared on juvenile were different than its broodstock. The changes of color perform on Clown fish also affected by interaction between genotype and environment and feed pigment concentration.Keywords:  heredity, color pattern, Tyr gene, clown fish, A. percula
GROWTH AND SURVIVAL RATE OF GOLDEN TREVALLY, Gnathannodon Speciosus Forsskal WITH DIFFERENT LENGTH SIZE
Authors: Alit Anak Agung
Published: January 2018

Golden travelly is a type of fish that can live on the surface, belongs to Carangidae family, for a length of 5-8 cm can function as marine ornamental fish with the name of yellow crime or yellow samba, and can be  used for consumption. The study was conducted to determine the effect of length on the initial stocking of fish seed to the growth and survival rate of golden travelly. Fish samples were cultured fish golden travelly of 45 days old hatchery and stocked with density of 300 pc/tank in 9 tanks with volume of 1 m³ feber/tanks. Golden travelly were fed with commercial fish by feeding frequency of 3 times/day untill satiation. The tested treatments were based on initial different lengths i.e., treatment A (1.5 to 2.0 cm/pc), B (2.5 to 3.0 cm/pc), and C (3.5 to 4,0 cm/pc). Feeding was based on 10-15 % of body weight. Measured variables were body length growth, survival rate, and quality of water. Growth and survival rate were analysed using analyses of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the growth rate of fish golden travelly Gnathannodon speciosus Forsskal was best at treatment B (2.5 to 3.0 cm/pc) with 7% per day and 92% survival rate. Keywords: fish seed golden trevally, tanks , growth, and survival.
COASTLINE CHANGES AT BUNGUS BAY PADANG CITY, WEST SUMATERA PROVINCE BASED ON SATELLITE IMAGERY ANALYSES
Authors: Yulius Yulius , Ramdhan M. , Ramdhan M.
Published: January 2018

The Bungus Bay with ​​21,050 meters of coastline length and 1,383.86 ha of surface area confines with a rounded shape surface. This study aimed to determine coastline changes in the Bungus Bay based on overlay analyses of satellite imagery of 2000, 2006, 2010, and 2011. The method used in this research was visual interpretation using four key interpretation such as hue image, texture association, and shape. The results showed that in general there were abrasion processes in the Bungus Bay. The abrasion processes were more dominant  in the Buo Bay, Kaluang Bay, and Kabuang Bay.   The largest coastline changes occurred in the northern Bungus Bay for 26 m/yr, while in the Kaluang Bay and Kabuang Bay exhibited a moderate  change of  9 m/yr. In general, the rate of coastline change in the Bungus Bay was 5.9 m/yr.Keywords: abration, accretion, coastline changes, Bungus Bay
GROWTH OF PERFORMANCE SILVER POMPANO FISH FRY, Trachinotus blocii (LACEPEDE) CULTURED IN THE NET CAGE AT THE POND
Authors: Setiadharma Tony , Wibawa Gigih Setia , Setiadi Irwan
Published: January 2018

Silver pompano fish is a prospective commodity that can be cultured and contains high economic value. Due to its high economic value nationally and internationally, it is important to develop nursery business. The silver pompano fish nursery conducted in a pond become efficient because it can be easily controlled. The purpose of the study was to know the technology and growth of silver pompano fish fry in cages at a pond. Research activities were carried out in the hafa size (3x3x1m3) in ponds. The seeds were taken  from hatchery with size of 5.0-6.0  cm. Stocking density of seeds  were 50 pc/ m³. The nursery were reared  for 90 days till the fry reached their size in between   15.0 and 18.0 cm. The commercial  pellets with protein content of 28-30% with dose of 5-8% of body weight were provided in the morning and afternoon at satiation. Sampling of fry was conducted every 30 days, to measure the survival rate (SR), total length (TL) and body weight (BW). Data were processed with descriptive analysis. The results showed that the survival rate was 90.20 ± 2.60 %, total length was  16.80± 2.70 cm, and body weight was  145.20 ± 2.70 g. The diversity of fry has four size categories i.e., large (L), medium (M), small (S), and super small (SS) with percentage average of 17.50%, 52.70%, 20.70% and 9.10%, respectively. Keywords: net cage, pond, silver pompano fish, growth, survival
CHARACTERIZATION AND TOXICITY TEST OF PUFFER FISH FROM PAMEUNGPEUK WATERS, WEST JAVA
Authors: Deskawati Eka , Purwaningsih Sri , Ningsih Purwanti
Published: January 2018

A puffer fish contains a secondary metabolite toxic called tetrodotoxin (TTX), which can be used as an anesthetic and medication to relieve chronic pain for cancer patients. The purposes of this study were to determine the LC50 value and chemical composition of extracts from various tissues of puffer fishes as a first step to determine the further isolation of tetrodotoxin. In this study various tissues from meat, liver, skin, heart, and ovary of Arothron hispidus and Diodon hystrix species were extracted, characterized, and tested levels of toxicity using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) methods. Between the two puffer fishes studied, the highest toxicity was found in Arothron hispidus ovary with LC50 value of 29.65 ppm. Chemical constituents of the ovary were alkaloids, carbohydrates, and amino acids. Toxic compounds found in the extracts of puffer fish ovaries were tetrodotoxin which is a compound of the alkaloid class of secondary metabolites. Keywords: Puffer fish, Arothron hispidus, Diodon hystrix, toxicity, Brine Shrimp Lethality Test