bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Particular Case of Oxidation Colors on Bulb Filament After a Car Crash
Authors: Baudoin P , Lavabre R
Published: August 2015

Particular oxidization colorings have been observed after an accident on a filament coil from a Philips type R2 bulb (European type front light). Laboratory tests have been performed in order to try to reproduce these oxidization colorings. The most probable hypothesis is that one of the front lights was flashing just before the accident. As far as we know, such a case has not been reported previously in the literature.
Effects of Interference Between Selected Loci on the Mutation Load, Inbreeding Depression, and Heterosis
Authors: Roze Denis
Published: August 2015

A classical prediction from single-locus models is that inbreeding increases the efficiency of selection against partially recessive deleterious alleles (purging), thereby decreasing the mutation load and level of inbreeding depression. However, previous multilocus simulation studies found that increasing the rate of self-fertilization of individuals may not lead to purging and argued that selective interference among loci causes this effect. In this article, I derive simple analytical approximations for the mutation load and inbreeding depression, taking into account the effects of interference between pairs of loci. I consider two classical scenarios of nonrandomly mating populations: a single population undergoing partial selfing and a subdivided population with limited dispersal. In the first case, correlations in homozygosity between loci tend to reduce mean fitness and increase inbreeding depression. These effects are stronger when deleterious alleles are more recessive, but only weakly depend on the strength of selection against deleterious alleles and on recombination rates. In subdivided populations, interference increases inbreeding depression within demes, but decreases heterosis between demes. Comparisons with multilocus, individual-based simulations show that these analytical approximations are accurate as long as the effects of interference stay moderate, but fail for high deleterious mutation rates and low dominance coefficients of deleterious alleles.
UTILIZATION OF MUSTARD OIL FOR THE PRODUCTION OF POLYHYDROXYALKANOATES BY Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Javed Hasnain , Jamil Nazia
Published: August 2015

With the unnecessary use of plastics and cumulative pressure being placed on capacities available for plastic waste disposal, the need for biodegradable plastics and biodegradation of plastic wastes has assumed increasing importance in the last few years. Bioplastic production from mustard oil was considered relatively cheap, easily available, included in vegetable oil and don’t having much volatile characteristics. Total of 67 bacterial strains were isolated and purified from different regions of the Pakistan, and were checked for Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) production by Sudan black and Nile blue staining. Quantitative analysis for biodegradable plastic produced by different bacterial species was performed by Modified surfactant hypochlorite method. High PHA production was detected in 35 strains belonging to different genera including Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Escherichia and Enterobacter. Fermentation and PHA production was done in batch culture. The PHA production of P. aeruginosa by mustered oil cultivation was studied under six experimental conditions, such as air flow rates, pH, Temperature, optical density, substrates concentration and cell dry weight. PHA production of Pseudomonas species were subsequently authenticated at molecular level by PCR amplifications and sequence analysis. PHA polymerase 1 (PhaC1) and PHA polymerase 2 (PhaC2) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa were amplified, sequenced and submitted to gene bank.
CONCEPTUAL BASES OF BIOLOGICAL SAFETY. PART 1
Authors: Onishchenko G. G. , Smolenskii V. Yu. , Ezhlova E. B. , Demina Yu. V. , Toporkov V. P. , Toporkov A. V. , Lyapin M. N. , Kutyrev V. V.
Published: August 2015

Up to date there is a narrow and broad interpretation of the term biological safety (BS) the world over. In the narrow sense it is defined as availability of international regulations applied to diagnostic, manufacturing, or experimental works with pathogenic biological agents (PBA) in accordance with specified levels of biological hazard and BS. In a broader context it has no national, conceptual, terminological or defying basis. Therewith, establishment of this framework has become the core issue of the study. Investigations have revealed that BS should conceptually cover the whole sphere of sanitary-and-epidemiological welfare as well as related fields such as veterinary-sanitary, phytosanitary provision, ecological safety, environmental conditions (occupational, socio-economic and geopolitical infrastructures, ecological system), and be exercised to prevent and control emergency situations (ES) of biological character. It is demonstrated that this type of ES differs from ES in the sphere of public health care of international concern which is formalized in IHR (2005), in the way that it is characterized by high socio-economic and geopolitical significance of the negative influence on human vital activities, comparable with national and international security hazard. Elaborated is the conceptual, terminological and defying toolkit of the BS broad interpretation (27 terms).
CHANGING THE CONTENT OF TESTOSTERONE IN THE BLOOD OF PEOPLE OF DIFFERENT LEVEL OF FITNESS IN TERMS OF POWER LOAD
Authors: Chernozub A. A.
Published: August 2015

In the work the results of the research aimed to determine the peculiarities of changes in the content of testosterone in the blood of people of different level of fitness under the influence of acute power load in the process of long trainings athleticism. The surveys were performed with the participation of 20 athletes age of 19-20 years, regularly engaged in athleticism over 3 years, and 20 young men of similar age are not contraindications to study with weights. A change in the level of ability, the morphometric parameters of the organism and the parameters of body composition was evaluated using the techniques of power testing, anthropometry and impedansometriya. Laboratory studies serum testosterone at rest and after the acute power load was carried out during 3 months of practice athleticism. The concentration of testosterone in the blood serum was determined by enzyme immunoassay. During the research it was established that despite the fairly low primary basal level of testosterone (9,89 nmol/l) in blood trained athletes, power load high intensity increase the content of the investigated hormone after a workout in comparison with the state of rest. Such positive dynamics of the level of testosterone in response to an acute power load is observed among non-trained young men. Simultaneously revealed that despite the high level of adaptation of trained athletes to power the load, there is almost identical to the positive dynamics of morphofunctional parameters of members of both groups.
SURGICAL TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH SPINAL DEFORMITIES WITH SHORTENING OF THE LOWER LIMB
Authors: Kolesov S. V. , Baklanov A. N. , Shavyrin I. A.
Published: August 2015

Aim. Determination of the optimal diagnostic and treatment strategy in patients with scoliosis and having an anatomic shortening of the lower limb. Patients and methods. Surgical correction of scoliosis held 8 to patients with lower limb shortening caused by congenital dislocation of the hip (n = 3), anatomic shortening of the lower extremities due to the hip (n = 1), the shin bone (n = 4). Shortening before correction and fixation of scoliosis ranged from 6 to 14 cm, after surgery on the spine has been reduced by 2-4 cm achieved reduction or removal of pelvic obliquity . The second stage, after 8-12 months, performed surgery to address shortening of the lower extremity. Osteotomy of the femur with the imposition of a spoke - rod device held 4 tibial osteotomy with the imposition of external fixation device Spoke - and 4 patients and in the subsequent limb lengthening was performed by compression-distraction osteosynthesis. Results. After the dorsal stabilization and fixation of the spine scoliosis correction averaged 64% (from 76 to 27 °), the value of breast / thoracolumbar kyphosis after surgery failed to bring to the physiological (average 43 °). Misalignment of the pelvis is reduced by 67 % (from 24 to 8 °), which reduced the shortening of the lower limb by an average of 3 cm (compensation relative shortening by reducing or eliminating the distortion of the pelvis). Further compensation shortening held on the second stage of treatment, representing an osteotomy and subsequent elongation of the femur or tibia bones by transosseous compression-distraction osteosynthesis by Ilizarov. Conclusions. Multi-stage treatment reduced the degree of spinal deformity, to normalize the balance of the body, restore the function of distance without the use of orthotic devices and means of support.
ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL MARKERS OF MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY BLOOD FLOW VELOCITY IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS
Authors: Fokin V. F. , Ponomareva N. V. , Kuntsevich G. I.
Published: August 2015

Aim: to determine electrophysiological markers of middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (BFV). Patients and methods: transcranial Doppler registration of middle cerebral artery BFV and direct current  (DC) potentials recording from surface of head were performed in 30 healthy volunteers. Analysis of correlation between the BFV and DC potentials was used. Results: significant correlation between BFV and DC potential characteristics was observed. The highest correlation was found between BFV in middle cerebral artery and the difference of DC potentials between central and temporal areas of head (r =0,55; p =0,003). These areas coincide with the location of middle cerebral artery and the correlation observed may be connected with streaming potential generated by the blood flow in middle cerebral artery. If electrode placement did not coincide with blood current, DC potentials and BFV were not correlated. Conclusions: it is assumed that electrical field created BFV in middle cerebral artery may contribute to the generation of DC potentials registered from the head.
CLINICAL-ANAMNESTIC AND MOLECULAR-GENETIC FACTORS IN DIFFERENT FORMS OF HYPERTENSION AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO COURSE AND PREGNANCY OUTCOMES
Authors: Chulkov V. S. , Vereina N. K. , Sinitsyn S. P. , Dolgushina V. F.
Published: August 2015

Aim: to assess of the relationship of clinical and molecular genetic factors in the course and outcome of pregnancy in different forms of hypertension in pregnant women. Patients and methods: a total of 125 pregnant women who were divided into the following groups: with chronic hypertension (n =45), with gestational hypertension (n =20), with pre-eclampsia (n =10), superimposed preeclampsia upon chronic hypertension (n =15) and 35 women without hypertension in control group. Results: in pregnant women with chronic hypertension and superimposed preeclampsia upon chronic hypertension were observed higher incidence of overweight and obesity, smoking before pregnancy and family history of hypertension and thrombosis, the course and outcomes of pregnancy characterized by higher frequency of obstetric complications, higher frequency of polymorphisms of genes identified the renin-angiotensin system, folate cycle and endothelial function. Conclusions: Molecular-genetic factors, combined with the factors of cardiovascular risk may make some contribution to the phenotypic realization of pregnancy complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with different forms of hypertension.
THE STUDY OF MATURATION OF THE AUDITORY ANALYZER RABBIT ACCORDING DISTORTION-PRODUCT OTOACOUSTIC EMISSIONS
Authors: D'yakonova I. N. , Ishanova Yu. S. , Rakhmanova I. V.
Published: August 2015

Aim: In our chronic experiment to  register changes of acoustic response of Distortion-Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAE) of intact rabbits in postnatal ontogenesis for the purpose of getting normative data which can be used for studying impact of pathological factors on auditory function and maturation of activity of outer hair cell in ontogenesis. Materials and methods: Study of otoacoustic emissions used mature chinchilla rabbits with a 19 day life of up to 3 months. Results: in the course of ripening were obtained functional activity of outer hair cells of the cochlea. Conclusion: normative data obtained allow us to study using a rabbit model, the pathological effects of agents on the maturation of the outer hair cells of the cochlea in the experiment.
AGE-RELATED CHANGES OF THE PITUITARY FOLLICULO-STELLATE CELLS IN RATS IN CHRONIC STRESS
Authors: Kapitonova M. Yu. , Ullah M. , Kuznetsov S. L. , Khlebnikov V. V. , Nor-Ashikin M.N.K. , Ahmad A.
Published: August 2015

Folliculo-stellate cells are known as S-100 protein immunopositive cells of the anterior lobe of pituitary gland which are not secreting hormones and are presumed to be organ specific stem cells of the adenohypophys. Their role in adaptation of the body to stress remains unclear. Aim: to evaluate dynamics of folliculo-stellate and hormone-producing cells in rats of different age in chronic stress exposure. Materials and methods: Sprague-Dawley rats aged 1, 3, 6 and 12 months were exposed to chronic immersion immobilization stress. Histological section of the pituitary glands were stained immunohistochemically with subsequent image analysis. Results: in control rats S-100 protein-immunopositive cells increased in number with age and negatively correlated with the number of ACTH-positive cells. In experimental animals aged 1 and 3 months volume density of S-100 protein-immunoreactive cells significantly decreased and negatively correlated with ACTH-positive cells, while in 6 month old rats it was only slightly decreased and in 12 months old animals showed tendency to increase. Conclusions: results of the study demonstrating capacity of the folliculo-stellate cells to contribute to the plasticity of the hypothalamo-hypophyseo-adrenal axis in chronic stress exposure at different age.
POTENTIAL SENSITIVITY TO METFORMIN OF THE DIABETICS SUFFERING AND NOT SUFFERING WITH CANCER: A PHARMACOGENETIC STUDY
Authors: Berstein L. M. , Ievleva A. G. , Vasil'ev D. A. , Kovalenko I. M. , Imyanitov E. N.
Published: August 2015

The group (totally156 postmenopausal women) used for the study of ‘standard’ (S) and ‘associated’ (A) genetic markers of potential sensitivity to metformin (MF) consisted of 37 healthy females, 32 — with diabetes (DM) without cancer, 64 cancer patients with DM, and 23 cancer patients without DM. No significant difference in carrying of S-polymorphisms was found between DM patients without and with cancer. In cancer patients without DM most characteristic data regarding potential MF-response were detected with polymorphisms of STK11 gene while data on OCT1_rs622342 and OCT1_R61C variants showed opposite trends. In regard of A-markers, the tendency to the more often finding of GC genotype of OLR1_G501C in DM patients carrying ‘MF-positive’ variant of OCT1_R61C deserves to be underlined. In patients with new-onset diabetes who carried S-markers of potential response to MF higher insulin resistance (OCT1_R61C and OCT1_rs622342) as well as lower estradiolemia (STK11 and C11orf65) were discovered. Thus, according to genetic S-criteria of sensitivity to MF, DM patients with and without cancer differ in lesser degree than they differ from cancer patients without DM. It can not be excluded, that The efficiency of such criteria might be increased due to combination with A-markers and certain hormonal-metabolic indices.
TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH PURULENT WOUNDS BY USING THE ORIGINAL METHOD OF HYDRODYNAMICAL DRAINAIGE
Authors: Kazaryan N. S. , Kozlov K. K. , Bykov A. Yu. , Kokorin S. V. , Viktorov S. I.
Published: August 2015

In this article the work of the Omsk State Medical Academy’s department of general surgery is presented. The aim of study was tot treat patients with purulent and necrotic wounds of soft tissue by using novel hydrodynamical drainaige. In this research 92 patients were taken part, who were inpatient treatment in the department of purulent surgery City Clinical Hospital № 1 named Kabanov A. N.  2010 – 2013 with purulent and necrotic wounds of soft tissue. Clinical, laboratory, cytological, bacteriological monitoring were conducted over the of wound process during the treatment. Assessment of the reliability of differences between the mean value of clinical indicators was with the calculation of the criterion t – Student, the method x2 and Criterion Mann – Whitney U. The proposed method of treatment of purulent wound promotes fast the removal of necrotic tissue and pus in the first phase of the wound process that led to more rapid relief of symptoms of intoxication (fever, leukocytosis and common symptoms) at the patients of the basic group. Due to faster removal of necrotic tissue, reduction of common symptoms of intoxication at the patients of the basic group the transition from degenerative and inflammatory type of cystograms to regenerative occurred one or two days before than in the comparison group.
INDIVIDUAL ALPHA FREQUENCY EEG AS NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL ENDOPHENOTYPE OF AFFECTIVE PREDISPOSITIONS
Authors: Aftanas L. I. , Tumyalis A. V.
Published: August 2015

Individual alpha frequency (IAF) of electroencephalogram (EEG) is regarded as a neurophysiological endophenotypic indicator of cognitive activity featuring individual propensity to efficient cognitive performance and creativity. Considering that cognitive coping style is intrinsic part of emotional regulation, defining medical aspects of individual health as well as risks of psychosomatic diseases, we intended to assess IAF contribution into mechanisms of individual emotional reactivity. Participants and methods. As participants was healthy man subjects (n=62). Three models of laboratory induced emotions were used: emotional perception (1); anxious apprehension (awaiting of inescapable aversive punishment) (2); experience of discrete emotions of anger and joy (3). Results. It was revealed that high IAF individuals exhibit predisposition to prevalence of parasympathetic activity in the global circuit of autonomous regulation, proactive-like coping with inescapable threat, prevailing contribution of the positive emotional stance and better accessibility of recent positive memories. By contrast, low IAF subjects manifested predisposition to prevalence of sympathetic activity in the global circuit of autonomous regulation, maladaptive avoidance-like coping with inescapable threat, insufficiency positive emotional arousal mechanisms. Conclusions. It is suggested that IAF creates a «hardware» construct featuring individual emotional space and adaptability of coping styles to emotional challenges.
LOCAL FIBRINOLYSIS IN SURGICAL TREATMENT OF NON-TRAUMATIC INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES
Authors: Krylov V. V. , Burov S. A. , Dash'yan V. G. , Galankina I. E.
Published: August 2015

More than 70% of hypertensive hemorrhages are located in deep brain structures. The removal of such hematomas using encephalotomy is accompanied by additional cerebral trauma and often results in unsatisfactory outcomes. The puncture aspiration with local fibrinolysis is one of the minimal invasive methods for treatment of intracerebral hematomas (ICH). The puncture and aspiration of liquid part of ICH (not more than 20% of ICH volume) is performed via small burr hole. Afterward the catheter is placed into ICH cavity and fibrinolytic is injected via this catheter in postoperative period for lysis of ICH solid part. The lysed blood is aspirated within 1-4 days. The last generations of fibrinolytics are very effective concerning intensity of blood clot lysis and practically have no systematic effect on blood coagulation system during their local usage. Morphological examinations showed that usage of fibrinolysis leads to formation of smaller cysts in the region of former hematoma as well as reparative processes in perihemorrhagical zone are expressed better comparing with treatment methods without usage of fibrinolytics. The morphological pattern is also confirmed by clinical signs of neurological deficit regress corresponding to damage focus. We operated 124 patients with parenchymal hemorrhages and 28 patients with intraventricular hemorrhages using described minimally invasive method at the base of Scientific Research Institute of Emergency Care n.a. N.V. Sklifosovsky. The applied method allowed decreasing lethality from 35% to 21% among patients with parenchymal ICH and from 98% to 48% - among patients with ventricular hemotamponade underwent usage of ventricular drainage combined with local fibrinolysis.
INDICES OF MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES (MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1) WITH JUVENILE ARTHRITIS IN CHILDREN
Authors: Kailina A. N. , Ogorodova L. M. , Chasovskikh Yu. P. , Kremer E. E.
Published: August 2015

One of the perspectives of modern rheumatology is the study of  matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) in juvenile arthritis - enzymes that play a key role in the process of joint destruction. Aim. To analyse the content of matrix MMP-2 and MMP-9 and their tissue inhibitor (TIMP-1) in blood serum and synovial fluid in various embodiments of juvenile arthritis in children. Patients and Methods.The study involved 82 children with juvenile arthritis, and 20 healthy children. The level of MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were determined in serum and synovial fluid by ELISA. Results. It was found out that with any form of arthritis serum concentrations of MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 was significantly higher than control values, but the level of MMP-2 in a subset of enthesitis-related arthritis, didn’t differ from the control. Studied parameters in the synovial fluid were much higher than the serum level. With the development of uveitis TIMP-1 in blood serum was lower than in the absence of eye damage. On treatment of patients significant changes in the studied enzymes weren’t established. On a good response to therapy the level of MMP-9 in serum decreased, on the lack of effectiveness – increased. Conclusions. The analysis results  confirm the involvement of MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the processes of inflammatory changes of the joints in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and reactive arthritis, regardless the patients’sex or age.
MYCOPLASMA AND CHLAMYDIA AS ETHIOLOGICAL FACTORS OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA IN TERMS OF ETHNOGENESIS
Authors: Sharavii O. A. , Smirnova S. V.
Published: August 2015

Aim. The study of the prevalence and clinical peculiarities of Mycoplasmosis and Chlamydiosis in patients with different pathogenic forms of bronchial asthma (BA) taking into account ethnicity of a patient. Subjects and Methods. The research covered 239 subjects – both the Europeoids and the Mongoloids in the city of Krasnoyarsk and the town of Kyzyl, all of them being BA patients of different stages, including acute stage and practically healthy. We had determined antigens Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Mycoplasma hominis, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Chlamydophila psittaci and Chlamydia trachomatis in smears of mucosa of pharynx and antibodies to these antigens in peripheral blood serum. Results.  We found high frequency of Mycoplasmosis and Chlamydiosis in the inhabitants of Eastern Siberia, BA patients with different pathogenic forms as compared to control group. We had determined ethnic peculiarities of specific immune response: IgM to М. pneumoniae was revealed in the Europoids more frequently than in the Mongoloids, but IgM to С. pneumoniae and to C. trachomatis, C. trachomatis antigens had been revealed more often in the Mongoloids than in the Europoids. We accepted as clinical equivalents of Mycoplasmosis and Chlamydiosis diagnostics the following signs: temperature around 37C (subfebrile temperature), non-intensive but stable coughing with scanty mucous and muco-purulent sputum, dyspnea of mixed character. Conclusions. Mycoplasma and Chlamydia are meaningful etiologic factors of bronchial asthma. We have found the peculiarities of immune response depending on ethnicity of a patient (ethnic belonging). Clinical markers of Mycoplasmosis and Chlamydiosis should be taken into account in bronchial asthma in order to provide diagnostics timely as well as eradication of infection agents. Because of insufficient knowledge of problem of bronchial asthma related to contamination with Мycoplasma and Chlamydia we put the goal to study the frequency of Mycoplasmosis and Chlamydiosis occurrence in bronchial asthma patients and determine the characteristics clinical course of diseases. We defined antigens Мycoplasma pneumoniae, Мycoplasma hominis, Chlamydophila pneumoniaе, Chlamydophila psittaci, Chlamydia trachomatis in smears of oropharynx mucosa and antibodies to them in blood serum.
INTERNATIONAL APPROACHES TO THE REGULATION OF CELL THERAPY PRODUCTS
Authors: Pyatigorskaya N. V. , Tulina M. A. , Aladysheva Zh. I. , Beregovykh V. V.
Published: August 2015

This article is a review of the main methods and approaches used in regulation of cell therapy products in the United States of America, Canada, European Union, Australia, Japan and South Korea. Intensive developments of scientific and technological aspects in stem cell and tissue engineering have led to the wide use of human cells and tissues for the treatment of various diseases and injuries of organs and tissues. Drug regulatory agencies of different countries are working on implementation of a risk-based legal framework with some common features. In many countries there is a multilevel control system that assures quality and safety of used  cell products. Competent authorities establish strict requirements  both to safety of the products and to the implemented standards of good laboratory, manufacturing, clinical and tissue practices.
MODERN CONCEPTS OF ETIOLOGY, PATHOGENESIS AND TREATMENT APPROACHES TO ENDO-PERIO LESIONS
Authors: Grudyanov A. I. , Makeeva M. K. , Pyatigorskaya N. V.
Published: August 2015

A combination of periodontitis and pulp or periapical tissues inflammation in one tooth is known as endo-periodontal lesions. Such kind of lesion is serious problem of modern dentistry. It was found that pathogenic microflora of periodontal pocket and root canal of tooth with eno-perio lesion is almost the equal and consist of anaerobic microorganisms. Pathogenic effects have not only microorganisms but also their life products. Apical foramen, lateral and additional canals are physiological ways for pathogens migration. Inflammatory processes in these structures complicate each other. Lack of information among dentists about treatment possibilities of endo-perio lesions is a main reasons of extraction such kind of teeth. Simultaneous elimination of pathogens both from periodontal pocket and root canal is a key factor for effective treatment. Periodontal status is main factor for prognosis of tooth with endo-perio lesion, because of it treatment of endo-perio lesions should consist of two stages: infection elimination and regeneration of tooth-supported structures.
IMPORTANCE OF OCCUPATIONAL SELECTION IN PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION: EFFECTS OF HEALTHY AND UNHEALTHY WORKER
Authors: Maksimov S. A. , Artamonova G. V.
Published: August 2015

The importance of occupational selection in prevalence of arterial hypertension in researches of professional cohorts is considered in the article. Because arterial hypertension represents not only the independent disease, but also one of the most important indexes of the functional status of a human body, prevalence of arterial hypertension in professional groups can be substantially caused by occupational selection. As an epidemiological phenomenon of occupational selection "healthy worker effect", known of scientific literature from the middle of last century is considered. Besides, it is offered to consider the regularities of professional selection opposite to "healthy worker effect", as "unhealthy worker effect". The professional conditionality of arterial hypertension considered from epidemiological line items can be distorted by occupational selection. Thus existence of "healthy worker effect" makes impression of absence of direct link between level of occupational influence and frequency of arterial hypertension. At the same time, the increase in prevalence of arterial hypertension not always testifies to its professional conditionality, and can be connected to "unhealthy worker effect". Possible solutions of problems associated with identification of relationships between occupational factors and prevalence of hypertension in the presence of «effects of the healthy» and «unhealthy worker» are discussed. The challenge of considered problem in occupational medicine despite the numerous offered methodological approaches of elimination or decrease in influence of occupational selection is noted.
Asymmetric Dental Development Investigated by Cone-Beam Computed Tomography in Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Alveolus
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyue , Zhang Yang , Yang Li'an , Shen Gang , Chen Zhenqi
Published: August 2015

Objective

To investigate a possible delay in dental development of cleft-side teeth compared with the contralateral teeth in patients with unilateral cleft lip and alveolus with or without cleft palate (UCLA ± CP) and to correlate this delay to developmental stages of the corresponding teeth.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Cleft Lip and Palate Care Center of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.

Patients

Forty Chinese patients with UCLA ± CP.

Main outcome Measure

Crown height (CH), root length (RL), and full length (FL) of permanent incisors, canines, premolars, and first molars were measured using cone-beam computed tomography and compared between cleft and noncleft sides. Discrepancies in tooth length between sides during different developmental stages of delayed teeth were also compared.

Results

There were no statistically significant differences in tooth length between sides in the mandible, except for RL of lateral incisors and RL and FL of the second premolars. In the maxilla, CH, RL and FL of cleft-side incisors, as well as RL and FL of cleft-side canines and first premolars, were all significantly shorter than those on the noncleft side ( P ≤ .05). The lateral incisors showed the highest reductions in RL and FL (47% and 29%). Moreover, reduction of RL of cleft-side maxillary central incisors was most evident in the early developmental stage (23%) and decreased with dental maturation (5%).

Conclusions

Asymmetric dental development was presented in both jaws but mainly in maxillary anterior region. The RL deficiency of cleft-side central incisors differed at different developmental stages.
Estimating bicycle parking demand with limited data availability
Authors: Pfaffenbichler Paul Christian , Brezina Tadej
Published: August 2015

One of the official goals of the Viennese transport policy is to double the share of cycling. Besides cycling paths and lanes, appropriate parking facilities are seen as a key to success. These are needed at primary (home) as well as secondary locations (work, shopping, leisure, etc.). In this work, citywide data about the location of public bicycle stands were analysed. The spatial distribution of future levels of cycling were estimated using three different methods, based on origin–destination matrices from a transport model and commuter data from the 2001 census with a uniform modal share and a modal share differentiated by five city areas. According to the results of this research, up to 56 000 additional public bicycle spaces are needed to accommodate the intended increase in cycling. The highest demand was identified in the central business district and districts 3 and 10, and the lowest demand was found in districts 8, 6 and 5.
Art and urban design
Authors: Madanipour Ali
Published: August 2015

This paper examines three historical trends in which the relationship between art and urban design has found a distinctive character, each represented by a major figure. The first trend, reflected in the work of Camillo Sitte, advocates an urban design that follows the artistic principles of the past, giving priority to history. In the second trend, Raymond Unwin envisages urban design as a civic art that reflects civic life, thus giving priority to community. In the third trend, represented by Le Corbusier, urban design draws on engineering and technology, with the future of society as its priority. The changing combinations of these three trends have shaped the debates about the nature of urban design and its relationship with art, influencing its future direction.
Diffraction Efficiency Adjustment to Record High Quality Color Holograms
Authors: Velásquez D. , Giraldo L. M.
Published: August 2015

In this article, we report the experimental values of required exposureto obtain the maximum diffraction efficiencies in PFG-03C Slavich filmon independent recordings and RGB multiplexed recordings. Also, coloradjustments by modifying wavelength channels contribution on reflectiondiffraction gratings, and color composition changes on Denisyuk hologramsobserved by using different spectral compositions light sources were studiedand presented.
Efficient Software Implementation of the Nearly Optimal Sparse Fast Fourier Transform for the Noisy Case
Authors: López-Parrado Alexander , Velasco Medina Jaime
Published: August 2015

In this paper we present an optimized software implementation (sFFT-4.0)of the recently developed Nearly Optimal Sparse Fast Fourier Transform (sFFT) algorithm for the noisy case. First, we developed a modified versionof the Nearly Optimal sFFT algorithm for the noisy case, this modified algorithm solves the accuracy issues of the original version by modifying theflat window and the procedures; and second, we implemented the modifiedalgorithm on a multicore platform composed of eight cores. The experi-mental results on the cluster indicate that the developed implementation isfaster than direct calculation using FFTW library under certain conditions of sparseness and signal size, and it improves the execution times of previous implementations like sFFT-2.0. To the best knowledge ofthe authors,the developed implementation is the first one of the Nearly Optimal sFFT algorithm for the noisy case.
Towards Procedural Map and Character Generation for the MOBA Game Genre
Authors: Cannizzo Alejandro , Ramírez Esmitt
Published: August 2015

In this paper, we present an approach to create assets using proceduralalgorithms in maps generation and dynamic adaptation of characters for a MOBA video game, preserving the balancing feature to players. Maps arecreated based on offering equal chances of winning or losing for both teams. Also, a character adaptation system is developed which allows changing the attributes of players in real-time according to their behaviour, always maintaining the game balanced. Our tests show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms to establish the adequate values in a MOBA videogame.
Pequena introdução ao romance gótico
Authors: Carvalho Walden Camilo De
Published: August 2015

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Daqui a dez anos
Authors: Reis Edgard Pereira dos
Published: August 2015

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Oração
Authors: Rubinger Fernando Sant'Anna
Published: August 2015

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Relação
Authors: Nehmy Eliana
Published: August 2015

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Trilogia com máquina a vapor, etc.
Authors: Gomes Duílio
Published: August 2015

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8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels in urinary samples of pesticide sprayers on exposure to organophosphorus pesticides
Authors: Mishra B. P. , Badade Z. G. , Anand Bhupinder Kaur , Lingidi Jhansi Lakshmi , Jaiswal Sapna
Published: August 2015

Background: Free radicals and other reactive species are constantly generated in vivo and cause oxidative damage to biomolecules. DNA is probably the most biologically significant target of oxidative attack. Among numerous types of oxidative DNA damage the formation of 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is a sensitive biomarker of oxidative stress, an adduct formed as a result of biochemical reaction between ROS and DNA. Chronic exposure to Organophosphorus (OP) pesticides is implicated in many health conditions that result from the induction of oxidative stress, including cytogenetic damage. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the biochemical levels of 8-OHdG in spot urinary samples under the exposed OP pesticide sprayers and farm workers.

Methods: In this study, 51 male pesticide sprayers and 39 farm workers in the age group of 18-47 years having exposure  ranged from 3 to 15 years in duration were selected. The referents (n=31) were selected on the same criteria as well as they were never exposed to pesticides at any time. This study was conducted during the growing season (January, 2009 – September, 2010). The most commonly used OP pesticides like chlorpyriphos, Diazinon, Dimethioate, Monocrotofos etc., were used in this study. Urine samples from each participant were taken in sterile tubes and were stored at -200C till analysed. The concentration of 8-OHdG in samples were analyzed using ELISA.

Results: The urinary levels of 8-OHdG were found to be significantly higher in the farm workers and pesticide sprayers in contrast to the level observed in the control group (p<0.05). When the data was analyzed in the exposed groups in relation to duration of exposure it was found that both the farm workers and sprayers who were exposed to OP pesticides for less than 5 years showed the maximum mean values of 8-OHdG in comparison to those exposed to for more than 10 years.

Conclusions: In view of this regular bio monitoring studies in target human populations are imperative necessary due to frequent changes in pesticide formulations and introduction of newer pesticides. Despite that several life style factors may influence the urinary concentrations of 8-OHdG but still this non-invasive bio-marker 8-OHdG is preferred over other invasive techniques to evaluate the environmental and occupational exposure effect of OP pesticides on the genotoxicity of the exposed workers.
Análise microbiológica e bromatológica da água em bebedouros de escolas públicas em Belém do Brejo do Cruz-PB
Authors: Santana Franklis B. F. , Martins Débora S. S. , Oliveira Jéssica de S. , Nóbrega Andressa L.
Published: August 2015

A água é um recurso essencial à sobrevivência de todos os seres vivos e o seu fornecimento em quantidade e qualidade é fundamental para a perfeita manutenção da vida humana. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar a análise microbiológica e bromatológica da água em bebedouros de escolas públicas na cidade de Belém do Brejo do Cruz – PB. Para as análises físico-químicas foram coletadas 100 ml de cada amostra e distribuídas entre as seguintes análises: cor, turbidez e pH, enquanto para a análise microbiológica foi utilizada kit Colilert® (técnica de substrato cromogênio). Foi constatado que para a análise microbiológica as amostra E1, E3, E4 e E5 os resultados foram insatisfatório, pois a portaria vigente estabelece que para a água tratada não se admite a presença de coliformes totais e Escherichia coli em amostra de 100 ml. Para a amostra E2 foi observado resultado satisfatório, fator importante para o ambiente escolar. A amostra E6, não se aplica a análise em virtude da água não ser tratada, ou seja, trata-se de água de poço, caracterizando a mesma como imprópria. Quanto a análise físico-química, de amostras coletadas de bebedouros e caixa d’água pode-se observar que a conclusão dos resultados estão todos satisfatória de acordo com as normas estabelecidas pela Portaria 2.914/11 do Ministério da Saúde. Para que a água chegue às residências em boas condições, é necessário que a Estação de Tratamento da Água mantenha os reservatórios em boas condições para que não ocorram alterações na qualidade da água.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA POPULAÇÃO ACOMETIDA PELA SÍNDROME DO TÚNEL DO CARPO: ENFOQUE NA PREVENÇÃO
Authors: Kawamura Aline Costa de Sousa , Simonelli Ângela Paula
Published: August 2015

Dentre as afecções manuais de grande relevância epidemiológica destaca-se a Síndrome do Túnel doCarpo (STC), considerada a neuropatia mais recorrente na atualidade. A patologia abordada éaltamente incapacitante e comprometedora do modo de vida do sujeito afetado. O presente estudo temcomo objetivo caracterizar a população acometida pela STC atendida no ambulatório de TerapiaOcupacional do Hospital do Trabalhador de Curitiba no Paraná. Caracterizou-se como um estudoquantitativo que se baseou na pesquisa documental para a coleta e análise dos dados. Os resultados dapesquisa apontam relação entre STC e gênero feminino, sendo este acometimento mais presente naidade produtiva e do membro dominante ou bilateralmente. A associação destas informações com alocalização residencial dos usuários acometidos por STC, assim como sua atividade de trabalho,permitem o embasamento de diretrizes para ações de promoção da saúde e prevenção de agravos deacordo com as características desta população.
PERFIL DOS PACIENTES PEDIÁTRICOS AVALIADOS PELA RESIDÊNCIA MULTIPROFISSIONAL EM UM HOSPITAL UNIVERSITÁRIO
Authors: Araujo Danielle Mendonça , Segava Nayara Bernardes , Paula Fernanda Godoi de , Vidal Lorena Candelori , Moraes Juliana Cançado , Almeida Jordana Moreira de , Espíndula Ana Paula
Published: August 2015

Com o objetivo de analisar o perfil dos pacientes internados na unidade de pediatria de um hospital universitário,realizou-se um estudo descritivo e retrospectivo que incluiu crianças internadas nas Enfermarias de Pediatria e noPronto Socorro Infantil, de um hospital universitário. Os dados foram obtidos a partir dos registros das avaliaçõesrealizadas de maio a outubro de 2012. Foram avaliadas 404 crianças, dessas 35% são lactentes e 59% do sexomasculino. Maio foi o mês de maior incidência de internações (21,5%) e 58% eram crianças procedentes de Uberaba.Quanto ao número de moradores, teve-se uma frequência de quatro pessoas/casa (31,6%), sendo a renda de doissalários mínimos (33,6%) e, do total de crianças, 38% recebem algum tipo de benefício. As doenças com maiorocorrência estão relacionadas ao aparelho respiratório (28,2%). Os dados permitiram caracterizar a amostra estudada,compreender o perfil do adoecimento nessa faixa etária, bem como, elaborar planos de atenção à saúde que previnamo agravamento das doenças a fim de se evitarem hospitalizações futuras, sugerindo o enfoque da prevenção deacometimentos respiratórios na atenção primária.
Lista de Assuntos
Authors: Santos Alvaro
Published: August 2015

V3.N3.2015
Flu Near You: Crowdsourced Symptom Reporting Spanning 2 Influenza Seasons
Authors: Smolinski Mark S. , Crawley Adam W. , Baltrusaitis Kristin , Chunara Rumi , Olsen Jennifer M. , Wójcik Oktawia , Santillana Mauricio , Nguyen Andre , Brownstein John S.
Published: August 2015

Objectives. We summarized Flu Near You (FNY) data from the 2012–2013 and 2013–2014 influenza seasons in the United States.

Methods. FNY collects limited demographic characteristic information upon registration, and prompts users each Monday to report symptoms of influenza-like illness (ILI) experienced during the previous week. We calculated the descriptive statistics and rates of ILI for the 2012–2013 and 2013–2014 seasons. We compared raw and noise-filtered ILI rates with ILI rates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ILINet surveillance system.

Results. More than 61 000 participants submitted at least 1 report during the 2012–2013 season, totaling 327 773 reports. Nearly 40 000 participants submitted at least 1 report during the 2013–2014 season, totaling 336 933 reports. Rates of ILI as reported by FNY tracked closely with ILINet in both timing and magnitude.

Conclusions. With increased participation, FNY has the potential to serve as a viable complement to existing outpatient, hospital-based, and laboratory surveillance systems. Although many established systems have the benefits of specificity and credibility, participatory systems offer advantages in the areas of speed, sensitivity, and scalability.
Effectiveness of Lay Health Worker Outreach in Reducing Disparities in Colorectal Cancer Screening in Vietnamese Americans
Authors: Nguyen Bang H. , Stewart Susan L. , Nguyen Tung T. , Bui-Tong Ngoc , McPhee Stephen J.
Published: August 2015

Objectives. We conducted a cluster randomized controlled study of a lay health worker (LHW) intervention to increase colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates among Vietnamese Americans, who typically have lower rates than do non-Hispanic Whites.

Methods. We randomized 64 LHWs to 2 arms. Each LHW recruited 10 male or female participants who had never had CRC screening (fecal occult blood test, sigmoidoscopy, or colonoscopy). Intervention LHWs led 2 educational sessions on CRC screening. Control LHWs led 2 sessions on healthy eating and physical activity. The main outcome was self-reported receipt of any CRC screening at 6 months after the intervention. We conducted the study from 2008 to 2013 in Santa Clara County, California.

Results. A greater proportion of intervention participants (56%) than control participants (19%) reported receiving CRC screening (P < .001). When controlling for demographic characteristics, the intervention odds ratio was 5.45 (95% confidence interval = 3.02, 9.82). There was no difference in intervention effect by participant gender.

Conclusions. LHW outreach was effective in increasing CRC screening in Vietnamese Americans. Randomized controlled trials are needed to test the effectiveness of LHW outreach for other populations and other health outcomes.
Discrimination and Cumulative Disease Damage Among African American Women With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Chae David H. , Drenkard Cristina M. , Lewis Tené T. , Lim S. Sam
Published: August 2015

Objectives. We examined associations between unfair treatment, attributions of unfair treatment to racial discrimination, and cumulative disease damage among African American women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods. We used multivariable regression models to examine SLE damage among 578 African American women in metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia, recruited to the Georgians Organized Against Lupus cohort.

Results. When we controlled for demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related covariates, reporting any unfair treatment was associated with greater SLE damage compared with reporting no unfair treatment (b = 0.55; 95% confidence interval = 0.14, 0.97). In general, unfair treatment attributed to nonracial factors was more strongly associated with SLE damage than was unfair treatment attributed to racial discrimination, although the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusions. Unfair treatment may contribute to worse disease outcomes among African American women with SLE. Unfair treatment attributed to nonracial causes may have a more pronounced negative effect on SLE damage. Future research may further examine possible differences in the effect of unfair treatment by attribution.
Simplification: A Moral Imperative
Authors: Duhon Howard
Published: August 2015

The oil and gas industry has had increasing trouble delivering projects successfully, and part of the problem is that its projects are inherently more complex than they have been in the past. To be successful going forward, the industry must do a better job at shedding the baggage of unnecessary project complexity.