bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fungal Infection Associated with denture
Authors: Jaber Dr. Ahlam Jaber
Published: August 2022

Candida is a genus of yeast .Many species of this genus are symbiont of animalshost including humans. While usually living as commensally in oral cavity, somecandida can cause disease .The most significant member of the genus is candidaalbicans which can cause infection called candidiasis or thrush especially in elderlydenture wearers.So the denture seems to be frequently the sources of fungal infection.The current study aimed to determine the fungal prevalence rate in oral cavityamong denture wearers patients in comparison to those without dentures and also todetermine the local risk factors includes trauma due to ill fitting denture, nocturnalwear of the denture, heavy smoking and the age of the denture.The result of this study showed that the prime etiology of candida growth was thematerial of prosthesis itself. 57% of the denture wearers showed growth of candidawhile 22% of subjects who had their own dentitions showed candida growth that theprosthesis is the dominant etiological factors in candida growth other local factorsmust be considered.
The usefulness of Ramfjord teeth to represent the full-mouth pocket depth in epidemiological study
Authors: Najah Dr.Ayser Najah , Seham Dr.Saif Seham , Fadhil Dr.Raghad Fadhil
Published: August 2022

Partial recording of indices of periodontitis have long been used in clinical andepidemiological studies to predict full-mouth situation. The two most widely usedpartial recording indices for periodontal surveys are the community periodontal indexof treatment needs (CPITN) and the Ramfjord teeth.The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of Ramfjord teeth inpredicting the full-mouth periodontal status of an adult population in patient attendingthe collage of dentistry- Baghdad University.The study participants were 240 patients we divide them into three main groupsaccording to the age of the patients and each group were divided in to two sub groupsaccording to the sex of the patients. Pocket depth was measured in millimeters withperiodontal probeThe difference in the mean pocket depth measured from the full mouth(F) andRamfjord teeth(R) by using paired t - test was non significant in all the groups. Alsoin all groups the correlation coefficient as well as beta coefficient was highThe high agreement between Ramfjord teeth and full mouth periodontal pocketdepth confirm the epidemiological validity of Ramfjord teeth to represent the fullmouth.
Dental Erosion in 10 – 12 Year Old Children in Mosul City
Authors: Al-Saygh Assist Prof. Ghada D. , Al-Naimi Assist Prof. Rayia J.
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dental erosion among 10-12 year old children in Mosul city, mean erosion in teeth and surfaces, amount ofcarbonated beverages and fruit juice consumed in the sample, and the correlationbetween dental erosion and some variables. Total sample consisted of 400 childrenderived from different primary schools in the city center. Examination was performedaccording to tooth wear index by Smith and Knight 1984 modified by Millword et al1994.Results showed that dental erosion was highly prevalent 74.2% in the sample,increasing with increasing age, with boys showing a higher prevalence in dentalerosion compared to girls with significant difference. Mean erosion scores for primaryteeth were slightly less then permanent teeth, with a significant difference between 10and 12 years of age for both dentitions.Buccal/labial surfaces exhibited more erosion, followed by lingual/palatal andfinally occlusal /incisal surfaces, with boys showing more erosion in all surfaces thangirls. A large proportion of the sample consumed carbonated beverages 3-5 /weekwith boys consuming more than girls as seen in the erosion group, fruit juice was alsolargely consumed by the sample, especially the group that showed erosion. A positivecorrelation was found between erosion, level of father’s education, time of drinking,method, amount of carbonated beverages and fruit juice consumed.Preventive measures are considered to be the only effective course of managementof dental erosion, by reducing intake of carbonated beverages and fruit juice, alsomodification of erosive drinks, medicines and foods may prove to be an acceptablefuture strategy world wide.
The Effect of Removable Partial Denture and Salivary Changes during Pregnancy
Authors: Alwan Dr. Alia Mahmood
Published: August 2022

The calcium, inorganic – phosphate of 20 pregnant women with age (20 – 45)years wearing removable partial denture divided into 3 trimester and 10 womenmarried non pregnants as control.In resting saliva the concentration of calcium not changed significantly in pregnantwomen, and inorganic – phosphorus found not to be changed significantly.The aim of this study was to see the pregnancy related change in human saliva andrelation to the oral findings and effect of wearing removable partial denture.
Periodontal treatment needs of type 2 diabetic Iraqi patients
Authors: Abbas Dr. Dalia Kudier
Published: August 2022

Periodontitis is a persistent bacterial infection causing chronic inflammation inperiodontal tissues. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic diseasethat is associated with increased prevalence and severity of periodontitis.Our aim is to evaluate periodontal treatment needs of type 2 diabetic Iraqi patientsaccording to the age and the duration of DM.One hundred and seventy one type 2 diabetic Iraqi patients were enrolled in thisstudy. Recording of gender, age, and duration of DM was done. Periodontalexamination to evaluate treatment needs (TN) was performed by using communityperiodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN), Scoring for each patient was done bydividing his mouth into six sextants.CPITN showed a variation in the distribution of the patients according to age. Inthe age category (30-39) years; code 0 and code 1 represented 23.6 % and 59.8 % ofthe sextants respectively. Concerning treatment needs, only 11.8 % of patients did notneed any treatment (TN 0). In the age category (40-49) years; code 1 was the mostfrequent code and represented 61.5% of the sextants . All patients in this age categoryneed a sort of treatment . In the age categories (50-59) years and (60-69) years; code 3represented 21.8% and 30.6% of the sextants respectively and TN3 represented 50%and 49.2% of the patients respectively. In this study, when the duration of DM is 1-5years, code 3 represented only 13.6% of the sextants and periodontal treatment needsTN3 was 26.3% of patients while code 3 reached 26% of the sextants and TN3represented 52.7% of the patients when the duration of DM was > 5 years.In conclusion periodontal treatment needs of type 2 diabetic patients became morecomplicated if the patients were older and the duration of DM was longer.
Bond strength to etched and Re-etched enamel, dentin and dentino-enamel junction
Authors: Al-Hashimi Dr. Angham Ghiyath , Habeeb Dr. Maha Adnan
Published: August 2022

Etching and re-etching are frequently done technique to alter the tooth surface andmakes it more receptive to adhesion. This study was done to assess the effect of reetchingtechnique on bond strength to enamel, dentin and dentino-enamel junction.60 extracted human upper premolars teeth were collected cleaned, sectioned at thelevel of cervical line, embedded in acrylic block exposing certain grounded flatsurface of the crown and divided into 2 groups:Group A (30 etched specimens) etched with total etch (37% phosphoric acid)for 15 sec.Group B (30 re-etched specimens) etched and re-etched with total etch(37% phosphoric acid).Both groups were subdivided into:Subgroup 1 10 enamel specimensSubgroup 2 10 dentin specimensSubgroup 3 10 dentino-enamel junction specimensA standardized cylinders of light cure composite resin were bonded, and thespecimens were stored in deionized distilled water for 24 h. and testing was done withzwick test machine and statistically analyzed using analysis of variance test(ANOVA) and student t-test.The results showed non significant difference between all subgroups in groupA(etching group) and between all subgroups in group A Vs. group B subgroup 2(reetchedE), and showed a significant difference between all subgroups in group A Vsgroup B subgroup 3 (re- etched EDJ) and between group B sub1&2 (re-etched E & D)Vs group B sub 3 ( re-etched DEJ) ,furthermore there were a highly significantdifferences between all subgroups in group A Vs group B sub 2(re-etched D) andbetween group B sub 2(re-etched E) Vs groupB sub 2(re-etched D).Re-etching the enamel didn’t decrease the shear bond while re-etching dentinmarkedly decreased the bond strength. Further more re-etching the dentino-enameljunction lies in between.
Dissolution of Calcium Ion from Human Enamel Treated With Zamzam Water in Comparison with Sodium Fluoride
Authors: Hoobi Dr. Nibal Mohammed
Published: August 2022

Zamzam water has scientifically been proven to contain high concentration ofcalcium, magnesium, fluoride and many other minerals. This study aimed to test theability of zamzam water to increase the resistance of enamel surface against aciddissolution compared to sodium fluoride. Teeth sample of 15 maxillary first premolarswere randomly divided into 3 groups, study group treated with zamzam water, controlpositive treated with sodium fluoride and control negative treated with deionizedwater. The treatment lasted for two minutes once daily for 20 days interval. Then theconcentration of the dissolved calcium ion in the etching solution of 2N HCl wasmeasured by flame atomic absorption spectrometer. The amount of the releasedcalcium ion from zamzam water treated group was lesser than that released fromsodium fluoride treated group. However the difference was statistically notsignificant. A highly significant more calcium was dissolved from the water controlgroup compared with the mentioned agents P<0.01. Zamzam water effectivelyincrease tooth resistance against acid dissolution, therefore it is useful to hardenenamel surface against dental caries challenge.
Gingival health status among students in AL-Mustansiria University – College of Dentistry
Authors: AL-Ubaidi Dr. Rand S. , Mahmoud Dr. Mohammed K.
Published: August 2022

Gingival health status survey was conducted concerning 19-23 years old studentsin Al- Mustansiria University / college of dentistry.The total sample composed of 150 students (75 males and 75 females).The clinical examination was conducted by using blunt mouth probe, followingthe (GI) described by Silness and Loe (1963).Results of this study have shown that mean of gingivitis decreases with advancingclass level with a high significant difference between all classes due to higherawareness regarding prevention of dental diseases among finished dental students.Results also show that gingivitis among males is higher than that among females forall classes because of having better oral hygiene practices than males.
Effect of microwave irradiation on disinfection, dimensional accuracy, and surface porosity of dental casts
Authors: Abass Dr. Shorouq M. , Mahmood Dr. Maha A. , Khalaf Dr. Bayan S.
Published: August 2022

To evaluate the effectiveness of different microwave irradiation exposure times onthe disinfection of dental stone samples immersed in different solutions, and its affecton the dimensional accuracy and surface porosity.Dental stone casts were inoculated with an isolate of Bacillus subtilis toexamine the efficiency of microwave irradiation as a disinfection method whileimmersed in different solutions; water, 40% sodium chloride, or without immersionfor different durations. Dimensional accuracy and surface porosity were alsoevaluated.Significant reduction in colony counts of Bacillus subtilis were observed after 5minutes of microwave irradiation of immersed dental casts in water and NaClsolution. No evidence of growth was observed after 10 minutes while immersed inwater or NaCl solution. Dimensional accuracy of dental stone was significantlyaffected by immersion in water for 5 or 10 minutes during exposure to microwaveirradiation while it was insignificant affected by immersed in NaCl solution, or in dryair. The surface porosity of dental stone was significantly affected by the immersed inwater and NaCl solution for 5 or 10 minutes while it was insignificantly affected bydry conditions during microwave disinfection.Immersion the dental stone casts improved the effectiveness of microwaveirradiation as a disinfection method. The dimensional accuracy and surface porositywas adversely affected but within the clinical limitation..
Horizontal and Vertical Position of the Mental Foramen on Panoramic Views of a Selected Iraqi Population
Authors: Muhsen Dr. Salah J.
Published: August 2022

The mental foramen is the opening of the short mental canal, through which themental nerve the terminal branch of the inferior alveolar nerve exits, knowing theexact position of the mental foramen is essential in oral surgical procedures. Thisstudy determines this position in a selected Iraqi population.240 panoramic radiographs of Iraqi population selected from three different oraland maxillofacial centers to identify the normal range of position of the mentalforamen, both horizontal and vertical position were studied, radiographs with anyerrors or taken for patients not co inside with our criteria were excluded.In horizontal position , 51.31% were found apical to the lower second premolar ,43.64% between the first and second premolars, 3.07% were found between secondpremolar and lower first molar, 1.09% were found apical to the lower first premolar,0.87% were found between lower canine and lower first premolar.In vertical position,60.08% were found inferior to the apex of the related tooth,36.84% were found within the apex of the related tooth while 3.07% were foundsuperior to the apex.The mental foramen can be found anywhere from lower canine to the lower firstmolar, although 94.95% of the studied radiographs showed that mental foramen waslocated either between the lower premolars or at the apex of the second premolar.
Evaluation of endodontic treatment in three specialized private clinics in Baghdad (retrospective study)
Authors: Oglah Dr. Firas Saddam , Zeidan Dr. Baidaa Mohammed , Gholam Dr. Mohammed Kassim
Published: August 2022

To evaluate the prevalence of root canal treatment in a three specialized privateclinics in Baghdad and to determine the reasons for carrying out root canal treatment.A total number of 593 case sheets of patients were selected irrespective of theirage, gender, type of tooth treated and cause of endodontic treatment. The data werecategorized as follows: the total number of maxillary and mandibular teeth; thenumber of each individual tooth group treated; the number of teeth treated in each agegroup (8-25, 26-49, 50-67 years); the total number of treatments performed in malesand females patients as well as the causative factor for endodontic treatment.The maxillary teeth showed higher percentage (55.986%) of root canal treatmentthan mandibular teeth (44.013%), while mandibular molars show higher percentage(23.102%) in the treated cases than other teeth groups. The highest incidence of rootcanal treatment was found in the age group twenty-six to forty-nine (49.915%). Thefemale patients were more frequent (67.116%) than male patients. The dental carieswas the most causative factor.The sequel of dental caries was responsible for the majority of the treated cases inwhich the female patients and maxillary teeth were more frequent.
The efficiency of ProTaper rotary retreatment files in the removal of two different root filling materials
Authors: Al-azzawi Prof. Dr. Abdul-Karim Jassim
Published: August 2022

The ProTaper rotary retreatment files is one of the new files especially designedfor retreatment. The aim of this study is to test if root canals filled with Resilon pointsand RealSeal sealer (SybronEndo, USA) can be retreated using ProTaper rotaryretreatment files in the same manner as canals filled with gutta-percha and zinc oxideeugenol based sealer.Twenty extracted maxillary first molars with palatal roots having single straightcanal and fully formed apex were instrumented and randomly divided into two groupsof ten roots each according to the root filling material used (gutta-percha and zincoxide eugenol based sealer for group A and Resilon points and RealSeal sealer forgroup B). For all roots, removal of root filling material was done by using ProTaperrotary retreatment files (Dentsply-Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland). The amount ofroot filling material remained and the time required for the removal process for allroots were recorded and statistically analyzed using SPSS version 15.The results showed that during retreatment procedures; removal of Resilon withRealSeal sealer from root canals can be achieved with ProTaper rotary retreatmentfiles but the amount of Resilon root filling material remained was more than GP andshowed a highly significant difference, it was also obvious that removal of Resilonroot filling material from root canals requires more time than roots filled with guttapercha.In conclusion, removal of resin based root filling material can be achieved withProTaper rotary retreatment files but it leaves more filling remnants and takes moretime than canals filled with gutta-percha.
Assessment of Children's Pain in Oncology Unit
Authors: Ali Dr. Eqbal Gh, , Abbas Dr. Raja Hadi , Hameed. Dr. Sajid Majeed
Published: August 2022

Most children with cancer will be at risk for significant pain at some time duringthe course of their illness. Pain may be a product of the disease itself or the result ofmedical intervention in the form of diagnostic procedures, surgery, and chemotherapy,or radiation therapy. An adequate standard of care requires that the cliniciansystematically assess and effectively manage pain on a routine basis for all childrenwith cancer.Aim of the study was to :- a) Assess pain with invasive monitoring procedures (pre& post procedure): - vein puncture, lumber puncture & bone marrow aspiration &biopsy. - b) Assess Current symptoms pre receiving of chemotherapy, - c) AssessIntensity pain with like methods of chemotherapy, d) Assess Family & child's painexperience within the period of treatmentA total of 50 patients age between (6 – 12 years) in oncology unit in central childteaching hospital & children teaching hospital in medical city, from 25th of January to25th of April 2009. Using questionnaires which has 3 parts, part one – demographiccharacteristics Part two – assessment pain with monitoring procedures, currentsymptoms pre receiving of chemotherapy, intensity of pain with methods receiving ofchemotherapy. Part three – family & Childs experience pain with use facialexpression with poker chips colorResults were analyzed by descriptive statistical including (frequency, percentage,mean of score). Results showed that (50%) of patients were age 6-8 years &diagnosed leukemia, 60% males & number of chemotherapy less than 6th courses,(72%) duration of diseases less than 6th months, 56% number admissions to hospitalwith out chemotherapy were 3-7 time. Vein Puncture (60%) of sample feeling no painpre procedure, (80%) feeling some pain bother post procedure Lumber Puncture(50%) of sample feeling pain that does not bother pre procedure, (80%) feeling severpain post procedure Bone Marrow Aspiration (60%) of sample feeling some painbother pre procedure, (100%) feeling unbearable pain post procedure. (40%) fear Prereceiving chemotherapy. (60%) methods receiving of chemotherapy bothintravenously & intrathecaly, intravenously methods pain is most hurt whileintrathecaly methods pain is the most hurt could ever have. Family experience towardassess pain tool, them showed these easily. Child experience with pain (60%) useword discomfort or no communication when feel painIn conclusions the study revealed the pain more than in post monitoringprocedure specific in lumber puncture & high level in bone marrow aspiration, fear isthe most symptoms syndrome for patients pre receiving of chemotherapy,intravenously methods most methods pain for patient. Most families the tool painMDJ Assessment of Children's Pain in Oncology Unit Vol.:8 No.:3 2011270showed easily & easily transport & more children use words to expression pain & nocommunication
Risk Factors for Less Common Postoperative Complications Following Surgical Extraction of Mandibular Third Molar: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Al-Delayme Dr. Ra'ed Mohammed Ayoub , AbudAlRazaq, Dr. Qutaiba AbudAlRazaq , Alsafi Dr. Mona Abdulhadee
Published: August 2022

Background: The less common postoperative morbidity following third molarsurgery such as inferior alveolar nerve paresthesia, lingual nerve paresthesia,adjacent tooth injury and post-perative bleeding is affected by a number of riskfactors.Material and methods: In this prospective randomized study 159 consecutive casesin which removal of impacted lower third molars in 107outpatients wereevaluated. Five groups of variables have been studied which are regarded as apotential factor for one or more than one complication after mandibular thirdremovalResults: The incidence of inferior alveolar nerve paresthesia, lingual nerveparesthesia, adjacent tooth injury and post-operative bleeding is addressed withlocation of the most significant risk factors.Conclusions: It was found that the difficulty of surgical extraction and the operationtime are the main high significant risk factors; sex and smoking aren’tsignificant factors for any complication. The oldest age group has a littlestatistics significant differences..
A clinical assessment of periimplant marginal bone loss and soft tissue status in dental implant placed by flapless implant surgery. (A one-year prospective study)
Authors: Kareem Dr. Jabbar J. , Al Garrawi Dr. Hikmet A. Sh. , Badeia Dr. Raed A.
Published: August 2022

Despite several studies have been conducted to evaluate the clinical outcomes offlapless implant surgery limited information presents regarding the clinical conditionsafter flapless implant surgery, for this reason this study was carried out to evaluate theperi-implant marginal bone loss and soft tissue status in dental implant placed byflapless implant surgery.In the present study, 143 implants were placed in 68 patients by using a flapless 1-stage procedure. In these patients, peri-implant soft tissue conditions and radiographicmarginal changes were evaluated one year after surgery.Results: None of the implants was lost during follow-up, giving a success rate of100%. The mean score of GI was (0.28 mm SD = 0.21), the average BOP index was(0.12, SD= 0.05) and the mean pocket probing depth was (2.7 mm, SD= 1.1).The mean marginal bone loss (0,4 mm, SD = 0.49) range ( 0.0 – 1.2 mm ).Whereas 34 implants showed no bone loss at all.The results of this study demonstrate that flapless implant surgery is a predictableprocedure. In addition, it is advantageous for preserving crestal bone and mucosalhealth surrounding dental implants.
Facilitating osteogenesis of Hydroxyapatite granules by Autogenous bone marrow
Authors: Kaskos Dr .Hareth .H.
Published: August 2022

The aim study to evaluate whether Hydroxyapatite granules alone or in combinationwith autogenous bone marrow can facilitate bone formation. Materials and Methods: (8)dogs of both sexes were used as a model in this experimental study ,they were divided intotwo groups , the control group in which ( 4) dogs were operated on in this group receivedHydroxyapatite granules alone in defect created in the body of mandible (1cm) in diameterand experimental group in which (4)dogs were operated on in this group receivedHydroxyapatite granules mixed with autogenous bone marrow implanted in the defect alsocreated in the body of mandible (1cm) in diameter .Alkaline phosphatase enzyme (ALP)used as parameter to evaluated the degree of osteogenesis ,so blood sampling from femurvein was aspirated at 1st ,2nd ,3rd and 4th weeks respectivelly for biochemical analysis.Results :Statistical analysis showed that there is significant elevation of serum (ALP) inexperimental group at day 15 and 21 comparing to control group .Conclusion:Hydroxyapatite with autogenous bone marrow than it is used alone. has great effect onfacilitating of osteogenesis.
Assessment of oral manifestations of patients with renal failure undergoing hemodialysis by serum and salivary biomarkers
Authors: Abdulla Dr. Hajer Ibrahem , Al-Kotany Dr. Dr.Munir Y. , Mahdi Dr.Karar Abdulzahra
Published: August 2022

Background: Renal failure refers to a condition where the kidneys lose their normalfunctionality. Patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) have to undergohemodialysis (HD), With impaired renal function, a decreased glomerularfiltration rate (GFR), and the accumulation and retention of various products ofrenal failure, the oral cavity may show a variety of changes as the body progressesthrough an azotemic to a uremic state. The general dentist should be able torecognize these oral symptoms as part of the patient’s systemic disease and not asan isolated occurrence.Aims of the study: To evaluate the biochemical properties of the saliva andAssessment of oral manifestations in patients with chronic renal failureundergoing hemodialysis.Patients and methods: Spectrophotometer was used for measuring serum andsalivary calcium, phosphorous, urea and creatinine in thirty three hemodialysispatients and twenty two control healthy subjects . Salivary PH, Gingival indexand salivary buffering capacity was also recorded.Results and discussion: All serum and salivary biomarkers (calcium, phosphorous,urea and creatinine) were significantly changed in hemodialysis patients (calciumdecreased while the others increased).Also salivary PH and buffering capacitywere significantly increased in hemodialysis patients. Gingival index alsoincreased, and the oral manifestations that was recorded include: dry mouth(n=21), uremic odor (n=20) , bad taste (n=17) , burning sensation (n=14) , coatedtongue (n=10) ,pale mucosa ( n=5) petechia (n=3), fissured tongue (n=3).Conclusions: there was differences in salivary parameters between hemodialysispatients and control group and the salivary variables was correlated too serumvariables , many oral manifestations found to be in hemodialysis patients.
Evaluation the effect of eugenol containing temporary fillings on shear bond strength of composite restoration
Authors: Numan Dr. Farid G.
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the effect of eugenol-containingtemporary fillings on shear bond strength of composite to dentin and determine theefficiency of dual bonding technique in improving the bond strength using AdperSingle Bond 2 adhesive with 3M composite. Thirty sound human upper firstpremolars were used in this study. The occlusal surface of each tooth was ground toexpose superficial dentin layer, and then dentin bonding agent was directly appliedonto freshly prepared dentin together with cylinder of 3M composite and light cured(group I, control group). Dentin surface pre-treated with zinc oxide eugenol temporaryfilling, then dentin bonding agent together with a cylinder of 3M composite (group II,single bonding technique). While in group III dentin bonding agent was applied firston the dentin surface and light cured, then zinc oxide eugenol temporary filling wasadded for one week, after removal of temporary filling dentin bonding agent togetherwith 3M composite was applied and light cured (dual bonding technique). The shearbond strength of all the specimens was determined using Zwick universal testingmachine. The results showed that all temporary filling treated groups (II and III) hadlower mean shear bond strength compared to control group (group I), whereascompared to single bonding technique, dual bonding technique significantly increasedthe shear bond strength.
Assessment of sagittal lip position and some affecting factors in a sample of Iraqi adults
Authors: Yassir Dr. Yassir A. , Nahidh Dr. Mohammed Nahidh , Yousif Dr. Hadeel A. A.
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to determine the sagittal lip position and some of the factorsaffecting it regarding the gender differences, and their correlations in a sample of Iraqiadults.Sixty two participants (37 females and 25 males) collected among dental studentshaving Cl I skeletal and occlusal relations and full permanent dentition regardless thethird molars were chosen for this study. Each person was subjected to clinicalexamination and digital true lateral cephalometric radiograph. The radiographs wereanalyzed by using AutoCAD 2007 computer program to measure the sagittal lipposition using the soft tissue analyses of Steiner, Burstone, Ricketts, Sushner,Holdaway, and Merrifield. Descriptive statistics were obtained from themeasurements of both genders; independent samples t-test was performed to evaluatethe gender differences and Pearson’s correlation coefficient test was used to find thecontributing factors to the sagittal lip position.Sagittal jaw angles were significantly higher in males than females, while verticaljaw angle was higher in females. Lower incisors showed slight proclination in bothgenders. The mean values of H-angle and revised H-angle in males were nonsignificantlyhigher than that of females, while the mean value of Z-angle was nonsignificantlyhigher in females. Upper and lower lips thickness mean values weresignificantly higher in males. Females had non-significantly more projected nosecompared to males. Regarding the sagittal lip position, upper and lower lipmeasurements were non-significantly higher in males than females in Ricketts,Steiner, Burstone, and Holdaway analyses, but it was significant in Sushner analysis,while Z-angle of Merrilfield was non-significantly higher in female sample. Pearson’scorrelation coefficient test revealed that upper and lower lip thickness wassignificantly positively correlated with sagittal lip position, while nose projection wassignificantly negatively correlated.Sagittal position values of the upper and lower lips in a sample of Iraqi adults areclose to the norms of Ricketts, Steiner, Sushner, Burstone, and Holdaway analyseswith a slight tendency of upper lip toward retrusion and lower lip toward protrusionwith the exception of that when compared with Sushner norms. In addition to the chinposition, lips thickness and nose projection are the most important factors thatinfluence the sagittal lip position and compensate for the variations in the jaw basesbetween genders.
Antibacterial activity of Silver Nanoparticles Using Stem bark of Juglans regia against, Streptococcus mutans , Streptococcus. sanguis and ,Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Mohammed Dr. Najah Ali
Published: August 2022

Dental careis & periodontal disease ,the most widespread diseases affectingmankind ,involve the adherence of bacteria & development of biofilms on both thenatural & restored tooth surface .within this context, a biofilm can be Classed as anaggregate of micro-organisms in which cell adhere to each other & to a surface.Nanotherapeutics offers the possibilitiy to control the formation of these & other oralbiofilms through the use of nanoparticles with biocidal ,anti-adhesive & deliverycapabilities.In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles(Ag-NPs) using medicinal plant extracts (Stem bark of Juglans regia ) against,Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus. Sanguis, and Porphyromonas gingivalis.Extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles was carried out by usingmedicinal plant extracts for the reduction of aqueous silver ions in short period. Thesilver nanoparticles formation was confirmed by the color change of plant extracts(SNPs) and further confirmed with the help of UV-Vis spectroscopy. Antimicrobialeffect of Ag-NPs against, Strep.mutans, Strep. sanguis , and Porph. gingivalis wasinvestigated by using disc diffusion method.The growth of Gram-positive Strep.mutans, Strept. sanguis (the causative agentsof careis) , and Porph. Gingivalis (the causative agents of Periodontitis) wereinhibited by Ag-NPs. The highest antimicrobial activity was observed against Strep.mutans (15.6mm SD± 1.6), Strept. sanguis (13.3mm SD±1.4) and the least wasnoticed against Porph. gingivalis (12mm SD± 1.0).It is confirmed that silver nanoparticles are capable of rendering high antibacterialefficacy and hence has a great potential in the preparation of drugs used against oralbacterial diseases.
Coronoid process morphology in subjects with different vertical jaws dysplasias
Authors: AL-ani Dr. Reem A.
Published: August 2022

Objectives:This retrospective cephalometric study was carried to evaluate andcorrelate the coronoid process morphology in three groups of subjects exhibitingdifferent vertical jaws discrepanciesMaterials and Methods: Each group consisted of 25 subjects, five cephalometricmeasurements for coronoid procress and 9 linear and angular measurements wereused to evaluate coronoid process, craniofacial and mandibular rotationmorphology.Results:There were statistically significant differences in coronoid processmorphology between normodivergent subjects and both hypodivergent andhyperdivergent subjects(P<0.05),and coronoid process measurements weresignificantly correlated with mandibular rotation measurementsConclusion: coronoid process morphology was found to be related to mandibularmorphology and to the function of the temporal muscle
Mandibular canal measurements in relation to the lower first molar and base border of the mandible
Authors: Abbas Dr. Fatin Kh.
Published: August 2022

The mandibular canal appears below or superimposed over the apices of themandibular molar teeth but it has some variations regarding its distance to both lowerfirst molar and the base border of the mandible that may make a problem specially forthe oral surgeon in his work during operations like implantation, so, this study wasdone to estimate the position of the mandibular canal and its relation to the lower firstmolar and the base border of the mandible by the aid of digital panoramicradiographs.The sample of this study was collected from patients who attended Al-Karamaspecialized center for dentistry. Forty patients were selected in this study with the agerange between 20-60 years (males and females) that divided in to four groupsaccording to a special criteria. Forty digital views (OPG) were taken for Iraqi patients,using computerized digital panoramic x-ray machine. All radiographs were examinedand then the position of the mandibular canal for each patient was estimated.The results revealed that the mandibular canal is most commonly located awayfrom the root apices of lower first molar, and the distance between the mandibularcanal and the base border of the mandible is indirectly proportional with age.
A Study on the Pragmatic Identity Construction in Acceptance Speech at Kobe’s Basketball HOF Induction by the Public Figure
Authors: Qin Mingzhu
Published: August 2022

On 15th May, 2021, Kobe’s widow Vanessa Bryant made an impressive acceptance speech at the Basketball Hall of the Fame Enshrinement Ceremony. This paper takes this speech as the research object and explores the well-known public figure’s pragmatic identity of Vanessa and Kobe by adopting the pragmatic theory and Verschueren’s theory of language adaptation. Through qualitative analysis, this paper found that in this speech, the speaker, Vanessa, not only constructed her own identity of a decent public speaker and a supporter, but also constructed the identity of Kobe as a strong-willed athlete, a fan-loving star, a great family man and a spiritual leader. And this dynamic identity construction in the acceptance speech is to adapt the communicative context of the public speech.
Contribuciones en rizomas de Félix Guattari para la educación ecosófica planetaria
Authors: Rodríguez Milagros Elena , Fortunato Ivan , Rodríguez Mireya Mirabal
Published: August 2022

Confluimos con el legado de Félix Guattari, su significancia en la educación, la ecosofía y su definición de rizoma en la Biología, sin embargo esta vez usado como complejización de la indagación bajo el transparadigma complejo para ir más allá del reduccionismo instituido. Nos afecta la crisis de la Tierra como Patria, nos duele y así la asumimos con nuestros sentimientos y pensamientos; sabemos que la educación es un bastión para la recivilización tan anhelada. Para ello, como objetivo complejo de estudio configuramos en rizomas contribuciones de Félix Guattari a la Educación Ecosófica Planetaria. Se usó el transmétodo la hermenéutica comprensiva, ecosófica y diatópica, en los momentos analíticos, empíricos y propositivos.
Formação de professores polivalentes
Authors: Do Nascimento Antonio Anderson Brito , De Medeiros Emerson Augusto , Cardoso Amorim Giovana Carla
Published: August 2022

Este estudo textualiza um levantamento bibliográfico que teve como objetivo central inventariar o que o Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) dispõe a respeito da formação de professores polivalentes. Utilizou-se como recorte temporal o período de 1999 a 2019. Ao todo, foram encontrados 36 registros de teses e dissertações, estando disponíveis para acesso, leitura e análise apenas 28 produções dissertativas e doutorais. A análise se fez com base em quatro aspectos principais: a) distribuição de teses e dissertações por Instituição de Educação Superior (IES); b) distribuição de teses e dissertações por Estado Federativo; c) distribuição cronológica das produções acadêmicas; e d) temáticas investigativas presentes nas teses e dissertações. Como conclusão, entre outros aspectos, demarca-se que o número de estudos dissertativos e doutorais acerca da formação de professores polivalentes, com base na pesquisa realizada, é tímido, comparando com a produção do conhecimento existente no Brasil no âmbito educacional sobre a formação de professores da Educação Básica.
Structural elements in a social system
Authors: Ravochkin Nikita  Nikolaevich , Gilyazov Rinat  Shamilevich , Korol Lyudmila  Gennadyevna , Orlova Alexandra  Ivanovna , Rusakov Alexey  Gennadievich , Rakhinsky Dmitry  Vladimirovich
Published: August 2022

This article discusses the issues related to the transformation of structural elements in a social system. It demonstrates that any transformation is systemic. The study proves that the above-mentioned transformations are caused by changes in the basic principles of social institutions. Social systems are characterized by self-organization and often supplemented by external management. The idea of permanent transformations in various institutions in the nonlinear world is realized in the fact that specific institutions should correspond to the actual needs of society and its members. At the same time, the priority is to achieve a cumulative effect using social resources in such a way that the intellectual potential of both the entire group and each individual is fully manifested.
Research and teaching of marxism-leninism at the universities
Authors: Luongngoc Vinh , Vuhong Van
Published: August 2022

This study focuses on analyzing the state of Marxism-Leninism teaching and research in Vietnamese universities. This research shows that the teaching and research of Marxism - Leninism in Vietnamese universities have been carried out for a long time since the Communist Party of Vietnam became a ruling Party. This activity has brought many generations of Vietnamese people valuable values of the proletarian international spirit, the ideals of the revolution - the core values of Marxism-Leninism, those values have made so generations of Vietnamese people have patriotism and an ideal to live well. However, in the new situation, under the changes in the situation in the country and the world, under the impact of globalization trends, the teaching and research of Marxism-Leninism need to be changed accordingly, to be more suitable for the new situation. Based on analyzing the impacts of the situation of the world, and the domestic, before the impact of the flow of thought, this research points out the requirements and difficulties of teaching and research activities Marxism-Leninism; at the same time, it pointed out the need to continue studying and teaching Marxism-Leninism in Vietnamese universities.
PARTICIPACIÓN CIUDADANA EN LA FUNDAMENTACIÓN DEL PROGRAMA DE DISEÑO URBANO EN ESPACIOS PÚBLICOS
Authors: Franco Muñoz Rodrigo , Carrillo Arredondo Aída Alejandra
Published: August 2022

La participación ciudadana, los espacios existentes en el sitio, la observación de las actividades realizadas por los usuarios y el criterio del diseñador urbano son la fuente de captación de información básica para fundamentar el programa integral de espacios y actividades propuestos. Éste fue el soporte de dicho texto, cuyo objetivo es presentar de manera didáctica, clara y ordenada la forma en cómo se captó el sentir de la población en sus necesidades de espacios, actividades que realizan y el ambiente deseado en los diferentes espacios que conforman un parque, con la finalidad de contar con un programa integral. Para obtener la información referida se tomó como muestra 10 parques en áreas habitacionales de tipo medio como el parque El Dorado, debido a que cuenta con factores muy positivos para este tipo de estudios como la diversidad de espacios y actividades (religiosas, comerciales, recreativas, entre otras). Estos datos fueron el soporte del programa integral de los espacios; además, la importancia radica en su estratégica ubicación en el entorno, lo cual permite una gran afluencia al sitio tanto de los fraccionamientos colindantes como de los habitantes de otras partes de la ciudad. En este contexto se encuentran equipamientos importantes para la ciudad como el Centro Comercial El Dorado, la Cruz Roja, oficinas, un templo y un área comercial de gran diversidad sobre vialidades primarias como Avenida Aguascalientes (segundo anillo) y Avenida Las Américas. El libro se estructura en varias etapas, las cuales se describen a detalle a fin de que apoyen en la elaboración de proyectos similares en donde se capte la importancia de involucrar a la población en la construcción del espacio público, ya que éste debe cumplir con sus expectativas y necesidades.
FILOSOFÍA Y ARTE. Una revisión crítica de las estrategias estético-políticas de la ironía, de la mirada de Gilles Deleuze al arte contemporáneo en México
Authors: Mercado Salas Raquel
Published: August 2022

Gilles Deleuze sonríe a Claire Parnet, responde con cuidado a cada una de las preguntas que ella plantea, la observa, su mirada oscila entre la atenta escucha y el apunte inquisitivo; le obsequia una sonrisa franca pero sutil. Del otro lado de la pantalla observo el ritual del diálogo, sin estar presente en ese espacio íntimo de los años noventa, sino frente al cuadro de luz de mi ordenador. Rebobino el detalle. Anoto las interacciones de las palabras: es un diálogo que sucede sin ser una clase, sin ser un debate, sin ser un escrito. Es un encuentro, una cita. De nuevo, pierdo la atención al ver encenderse un cigarrillo en la pantalla e imagino el olor del espacio interior, la distribución de los objetos, veo el humo inundar una habitación, escucho un corte. Reinicio tres veces más la misma entrevista. Se repite en otros diálogos: los de la memoria, en el tránsito urbano, en una clase vespertina, en la anécdota en un bar. La sonrisa de Deleuze persiste y el tono de Claire vuelve, como una voz que me obsesiona.
Surgical management of metatarsal fracture using wire suture in a sheep: A case report
Authors: Akter M. A. , Alam M. R. , Alam M. M.
Published: August 2022

Background: The most frequent orthopedic condition that prevents animals from moving normally is a long-bone fracture. The diagnosis and surgical treatment of closed metatarsal fracture in sheep are the main goals of this study.
Materials and Methods: A three-month-old female sheep was presented with a history of the left metatarsal bone losing its function, pain at the fracture site, aberrant motion in the affected leg, and fluid or exudate flowing from the fracture site. While radiographs indicated an oblique metatarsal fracture of the left hind limb, palpation of the left metatarsal bone revealed discomfort and fracture fragments. Following internal stabilization with cerclage wire suture, the fracture was treated. Surgery was carried out following the proper immobilization, aseptic procedure, and anesthetic protocol (atropine 0.04 mg/kg BW intramuscularly, five minutes later: xylazine 0.06 mg/kg BW intravenously).
Results: The sheep was released from the hospital after the procedure bearing weight on the limb effectively and without any issues. A successful clinical outcome was obtained after surgical alteration.
Conclusions: Open fractures necessitate swift, aggressive debridement, stability of the fracture, and early soft tissue restoration. The only practical method for managing fractures may be early surgical treatment and post-operative care.
STRATEGI BRANDING DAN KONSEP PUBLIKASI BERBASIS LOCAL TOURISM DI ERA 4.0 (Studi kasus media sosial dan peran Desain Komunikasi visual)
Authors: Darmawanto Eko , Wijanarko Kukuh Dwi
Published: August 2022

Branding is introducing an image of both services and physical products, the process taken must have a strategy and preparation of measurable time targets. There are many ways to introduce a product, which is the current trend of the 4.0 era where most transactions and information are traded in the IoT-based world. Local tourism has now developed, by utilizing the potential of the surrounding nature and then being developed as the basis for the products offered, improvements are made in various sectors to support the display to boost publications, of course with a communication angle. The need for researchers to take steps to dissect the flow in building a publication concept in the form of a realistic road map with applied strategies and analysis combined with good publication management is the core of the research carried out. The design thinking method is applied to dissect what strategic steps will be used in determining the core of the publication with impact factors. Local tourism branding and publication strategies are influenced by engagement from the psychological model of one touch flayer of social media users related to the happynest side factor that affects the pattern of attractive content with a high response rate and saddnes side factor which is empathetic with a low response rate.
DESAIN MOTIF BATIK CIMAHI SEBAGAI WUJUD IDENTITAS BUDAYA DALAM KACAMATA ANTROPOLOGI
Authors: Rohisa Diva
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study is to identify how Cimahi batik is a form of cultural identity. So that the younger generation, especially the people of Cimahi City, can know and appreciate the form of cultural heritage in the form of one of the city's identities. The research method used is a qualitative method by analyzing the data found. This study uses a literature/library study approach in which the data comes from various literatures, both in print and electronic media related to cultural identity in the form of urban batik in the view of anthropology. This is motivated by the swift currents of globalization which can cause cultural shifts. Even the cultural identity of an area can be lost if it is not preserved. So this research is expected to increase the sense of respect and pride in the existing cultural identity.
HUBUNGAN MANUSIA DAN SUNGAI BENGAWAN SOLO SEBAGAI SUMBER INSPIRASI PENCIPTAAN KARYA SENI GRAFIS
Authors: Ahmad Faheem Tahir , PA Albertus Rusputranto
Published: August 2022

The creation of this final project is based on knowledge about changes in human relations with rivers, especially the Bengawan Solo river, whose impact can now be felt by living things that live around the Bengawan Solo River and its tributaries. The purpose of this Final Project is to create a silk screen work that takes inspiration from changes in human relations and the Bengawan Solo river, which indirectly explains the concept of creation, the process of creation, and the aesthetics of the shape of the created silk screen work. The creation of this Final Project provides more insight into the tools, materials, and techniques of working on work. The results obtained from the creation of this Final Project are silkscreen and the deepening of the concept of changing human relations and the Bengawan Solo river, which is expected to be useful for writers and other people who appreciate the works of this Final Project.