bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flexible Bioelectronic Tag with a Kirigami‐Based Design for Crosstalk Suppression in Multimodal Sensing
Authors: He Qipei , Sheng Tianyu , Wang Bingxiong , Zhang Deyuan , Zhang Wenqiang , Li Daoliang , Wu Tao , Jiang Yonggang
Published: October 2023

Ocean research currently relies heavily on bulky bioelectronic tags and sensory telemetry networks for data collection. Therefore, in this study, a compact and flexible waterproof bioelectronic tag with a kirigami (paper cutting)‐based design for underwater conductivity, temperature, depth, and strain sensing is designed and evaluated. Unlike invasive bioelectronic tags, the kirigami bioelectronic tag can be attached to robotic fish or aquatic animals without harming the host. The kirigami‐based design facilitates excellent stretchability and reduces stress within the sensor, thus inhibiting crosstalk induced by movement during multimodal sensing. A working bioelectronic tag is fabricated and tested. Notably, the performance of the kirigami sensors shows very little degradation even after >1000 stretching cycles. Specifically, the multimodal bioelectronic tag demonstrates a wide working pressure range of 0–5.0 MPa, and the kirigami design effectively suppresses signal coupling. The kirigami‐based bioelectronic tag is applied to a robotic dolphin and underwater environmental parameters and detailed movement parameters, such as swing angle, swing frequency, and typical gestures are detected simultaneously with high sensitivity and accuracy. Therefore, the device can be applied to a broad range of applications in various fields such as behavioral biology, ocean informatics, and underwater robotics.
Physically Unclonable Functions Based on Self‐Oriented Nanowires
Authors: Zhao Zihao , Wang Xingyu , Zhang Lingyu , Song Jian , Liao Jihui , Wang Hao , Xu Jinyou
Published: October 2023

As scaling down to the nanoscale, the dramatically increased morphological deviation between nanostructures becomes a major challenge in implementing large‐scale nanodevices. On the other side of the coin, the often‐undesirable rich non‐repeatable randomness introduced during nanostructure growth and subsequent device fabrication is of great value in the implementation of physically unclonable functions (PUF), a booming innovative security primitive. Herein, it is shown that the self‐oriented organic nanowires grown on a faceted surface through a vapor transport process are advanced building blocks for the implementation of two novel PUFs. An optical PUF is first demonstrated by exploiting the unclonable morphological randomness of the self‐oriented nanowires (e.g., length, thickness, density, and location), which can provide an entity‐specific primary encryption for nanowire devices. Next, these nanowires are integrated into photodetector arrays directly on their growth substrate and accordingly enable an electrical PUF based on the inherent resistance variation between detector cells. Furthermore, by combining these two PUFs, a secondary encryption with higher security is proposed for information communication. The implementation of nanowire‐based PUFs not only opens a new device direction to exploit the annoying unclonable randomness of bottom‐up nanowires, but also provides innovative label‐free security primitives for emerging nanowire‐based devices and systems.
Solar Thermal Absorber Using Fe2O3‐SnSe2‐Ti‐Layered Structure Based on Graphene Material
Authors: Almawgani Abdulkarem H. M. , Bo Han Bo , Patel Shobhit K. , Armghan Ammar , Alabsi Basim Ahmad , Taya Sofyan A.
Published: October 2023

In solar energy systems, manufacturing solar absorbers also includes an important section. A one‐perfect design is constructed in three layers to develop a good solar absorption rate and a graphene layer is used in this developed structure. Titanium (Ti) is in the base layer, Stannic selenide (SnSe2) is in the substrate layer, and Ferric Oxide (Fe2O3) is a resonator. The absorption rates can be presented between the overall wavelength range of 0.2–3 µm and divided into three segments. The absorption percentage is above 90% for 2800 nm, more than 95% is in the half region of 0.2–2 µm (1800 nm), and the perfect absorption result of 97% is between 0.2 and 1.5 µm (1300 nm), respectively. AM 1.5 section and graphene results can be calculated by using the numerical equations. To indicate the fewer and greater parameters of the present number, parameter variation sections can be presented. According to the symmetrical design of the developed structure, TE and TM results are almost identical and can be configured in color representation. The greater the amount of light intensity, the greater the number of absorption rates. The polarization can be checked between 0° and 50° changes.
A Spin‐Orbit Torque Switch at Ferromagnet/Antiferromagnet Interface Toward Stochastic or Memristive Applications via Tailoring Antiferromagnetic Ordering
Authors: Wang Ssu‐Yuan , Chen Sheng‐Huai , Chang Hao‐Kai , Li Yi‐Ting , Tseng Chih‐Hsiang , Chen Po‐Chuan , Yang Chao‐Yao , Lai Chih‐Huang
Published: October 2023

Antiferromagnet (AFM) has currently participated in the spin‐orbit torque (SOT) technology due to its great potential to be applied to the field‐free SOT switching and to promote the thermal stability of MRAM. However, the effect of varying AFM ordering on the SOT switching and the associated properties is still not comprehensively understood. This work reports how an AFM ordering modifies the strength of Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya‐interaction (DMI) in a heavy metal (Pt)/FM (Co)/AFM (IrMn) trilayer and its effects on SOT switching. Increasing the AFM ordering reflects the enhanced exchange bias through increasing IrMn thickness appears to significantly reduce the DMI strength of the trilayer. Controlling the IrMn thickness appears to serve as a unique switch to activate memristivity/stochasticity in the devices via tailoring AFM ordering on exchange bias: The strong AFM ordering via increasing IrMn thickness enables to increase the stability of multi‐levels for SOT switching, which promotes the memristivity for neuromorphic application. On the contrary, the weak AFM ordering via reducing IrMn thickness will lead to significant stochasticity for the physically unclonable functionality. This work demonstrates an intrinsic tuning over the AFM ordering will serve as a switch to turn the SOT device into a stochastic/memristive cell to bridge probabilistic and neuromorphic computing.
Ultrathin Superhydrophobic Coatings for Air‐Stable Inorganic Solid Electrolytes: Toward Dry Room Application for All‐Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Kim Kyu Tae , Woo Jehoon , Kim Young‐Soo , Sung Sihyeon , Park Changhyun , Lee Chanhee , Park Young Joon , Lee Hyun‐Wook , Park Kyusung , Jung Yoon Seok
Published: October 2023

Inorganic solid electrolytes (SEs), such as sulfides and halides, are crucial for developing practical all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) owing to their high ionic conductivities and mechanical sinterabilities. However, their sensitivity to humid air necessitates stringent dry‐room conditions during processing, which increases production costs. This study demonstrates that ultrathin (≈5 nm) superhydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) or fluorinated PDMS (F‐PDMS) protective layers can enhance the stability of air‐sensitive sulfide (Li6PS5Cl (LPSCl)) and halide (Li2.5Zr0.5In0.5Cl6) SEs in ASSBs. The (F)‐PDMS coatings are applied using a scalable, straightforward vapor‐phase deposition process, achieving high Li+ conductivity retention (92%, from 2.5 to 2.3 mS cm−1 at 30 °C). The protective layers effectively inhibit LPSCl degradation under practically relevant dry room conditions (dew point of −50 °C or −10 °C): e.g., from 2.3 to 0.97 mS cm−1 for PDMS‐coated LPSCl versus from 2.5 to 0.57 mS cm−1 for bare LPSCl. Surprisingly, the superhydrophobic coatings facilitate the recovery of Li+ conductivity via vacuum heat treatment. This new phenomenon, known as regeneration, is achieved by the facile elimination of adsorbed water. Furthermore, the regenerated (F)‐PDMS‐coated LPSCl demonstrates significant performance in NCM||Li‐In ASSB cells. These findings suggest that superhydrophobic (F)‐PDMS coatings are a promising solution for practical all‐solid‐state technologies.
Overcoming Two Key Challenges in Monolithic Perovskite‐Silicon Tandem Solar Cell Development: Wide Bandgap and Textured Substrate—A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Khan Danish , Qu Geping , Muhammad Imran , Tang Zeguo , Xu Zong‐Xiang
Published: October 2023

33.7% of power conversion efficiency (PCE) in monolithic perovskite‐silicon tandem solar cells (PSTSCs) is an eye‐catcher. Still, the issues emerging from their two main requirements, wide band gap (WBG) perovskites and textured substrates, trigger phase segregation, voltage deficit, perovskite strain, high recombination rates, shunt paths, etc. In addition, the ill‐defined relations of most of these issues to the WBG perovskites and silicon texture originating from the conflicting research outcomes have become severe impediments to developing PSTSCs. From this perspective, an overview of the recently developed monolithic PSTSCs discussing the major hurdles in their up‐scaling, stabilities, and commercialization is presented.
Enhancing Oxygen Evolution Reaction by Simultaneously Triggering Metal and Lattice Oxygen Redox Pair in Iridium Loading on Ni‐Doped Co3O4
Authors: Wang Ansheng , Wang Wanying , Xu Jinchao , Zhu Ao , Zhao Chunning , Yu Meng , Shi Guoliang , Yan Jiaguo , Sun Shuhui , Wang Weichao
Published: October 2023

Since the active sites in catalytic systems are either metal sites or lattice oxygen, simultaneously triggering metal and lattice oxygen redox pair with low energy barriers is expected to provide diversified and efficient sites to accelerate oxygen evolution reaction (OER) kinetics, but this is a great challenge. Herein, Ir species (Ir clusters and Ir single atoms) loaded on Ni‐doped Co3O4 is designed (Ir/Ni‐Co3O4), where metallic Ir clusters downsize to spread into high‐density Ir single atoms to load on reconstruction‐derived Ni‐doped CoOOH. In situ spectroscopy, isotope‐labeled, and chemical probe experiments demonstrate that metal site and lattice oxygen are simultaneously activated to participate in the OER. Further theoretical studies demonstrate that the Co site is the most favorable site to promote the OER through an adsorbate evolution mechanism with a low energy barrier of 1.69 eV. The Ni cooperating with Ir atoms synergistically upshifts energy positions of the O p band centers. Thus, the lattice O that bridges Ni and Ir atoms is activated to participate in the OER via coupling with adsorbed O on the Ir site to fulfill O─O bond formation. Benefiting from the conjoint participation of the metal and lattice oxygen redox pair, Ir/Ni‐Co3O4 affords extremely low OER overpotentials of 177 and 263 mV at corresponding 10 and 500 mA cm−2.
Skin‐Inspired Conversion Anodes for High‐Capacity and Stable Potassium Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Xiaoteng , Gao Yang , Fan Ling , Rao Apparao M. , Zhou Jiang , Lu Bingan
Published: October 2023

Conversion materials are promising anodes for meeting the emerging demand for high‐energy‐density potassium‐ion batteries. However, their application as anodes is challenging due to the irreversible volume expansion and the resulting structural failure during cycling. Inspired by the skin's structure, skin‐inspired carbon‐coated Fe3O4 QDs (SC‐Fe3O4) is synthesized, which exhibits excellent electrochemical performance with a capacity retention of 84.3% and a stable operation for >7 months. The same method is used to synthesize a series of other conversion material anodes with skin‐inspired structures. Notably, the skin‐inspired carbon‐coated Fe1−xS QDs (SC‐Fe1−xS) show a high reversible capacity of 506 mAh g−1 and a long stability of 1200 cycles. The research illustrates the universality and superiority of biomimetic strategies and provides new insights and directions for building high‐performance rechargeable batteries.
Evaluation of two‐pass herbicide programs for broad‐spectrum weed control in conventional tillage non‐transgenic corn production in Wisconsin atrazine prohibition areas
Authors: Mobli Ahmadreza , DeWerff Ryan P. , Arneson Nicholas J. , Werle Rodrigo
Published: October 2023

Achieving effective weed control is crucial for Wisconsin conventional corn growers farming in atrazine prohibition areas. Upon request from our extension clientele, a field study was conducted at Arlington and Brooklyn, WI, in 2021 and 2022 (four site‐years). The study aimed to evaluate the weed control efficacy of comprehensive two‐pass (PRE followed by POST) herbicide program treatments containing products with a wide range of active ingredients and sites of action from various manufacturers without atrazine and glyphosate, in conventional tillage non‐transgenic corn production. Nine and eight out of the 11 two‐pass herbicide programs investigated provided >90% giant foxtail (Setaria faberi Herrm), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medik) and waterhemp [Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) J.D. Sauer] control in 2021, respectively. However, only three treatments provided >90% waterhemp control and the greatest giant foxtail control in 2022 was 79%. Greater end‐of‐season broadleaf and grass weed control was observed in 2021 compared to 2022 due to lower weed pressure and timely early‐season rainfall in 2021. The two‐pass programs, acetochlor/mesotrione fb dicamba/tembotrione (94%–100%) and acetochlor/flumetsulan/clopyralid fb nicosulfuron + dicamba/diflufenzopyr (85%–100%), provided the most consistent broadleaf control across all site‐years. These results demonstrate that a well‐designed and timely deployed two‐pass herbicide program can provide effective control of common broadleaf and grass weeds in conventional corn production assuming moderate weed pressure and timely rainfall for soil residual herbicide activation, otherwise effective weed control, particularly of grass weeds, in the absence of atrazine and glyphosate can be challenging. These results are also translatable to support weed management decisions for glyphosate‐resistant corn hybrids in non‐atrazine prohibition areas.
From parts to whole: Embracing systems science in community psychology
Authors: Lawlor Jennifer A. , Metta Kyle R.
Published: October 2023

With our field's strong focus on context for understanding and acting on social problems, community psychologists have frequently elevated the importance of employing systems thinking and methods that help us to understand systems more effectively. As a result, community psychologists have adopted some methods from the interdisciplinary field of systems science. In this virtual special issue, we will compare how several of these approaches have been used in publications in the AJCP in the last 50 years. We identify differences in their popularity, implementation with communities, and how they create generative discussion in the field. We conclude by looking to the future to explore ways community psychology can deepen engagement with methods from systems science.
Bone health in SATB2‐associated syndrome: Results from a large prospective cohort and recommendations for surveillance
Authors: Zarate Yuri A. , Bosanko Katherine , Andres Aline , Fish Jennifer L.
Published: October 2023

Alterations in SATB2 result in SATB2‐associated syndrome (SAS; Glass syndrome, OMIM 612313), an autosomal dominant multisystemic disorder predominantly characterized by developmental delay, craniofacial anomalies, and growth retardation. The bone phenotype of SAS has been less explored until recently and includes a variety of skeletal deformities, increased risk of low bone mineral density (BMD) with a propensity to fractures, and other biochemical abnormalities that suggest elevated bone turnover. We present the results of ongoing surveillance of bone health from 32 individuals (47% females, 3–18 years) with molecularly‐confirmed SAS evaluated at a multidisciplinary clinic. Five individuals (5/32, 16%) were documented to have BMD Z‐scores by DXA scans of −2.0 SD or lower and 7 more (7/32, 22%) had Z‐scores between −1 and − 2 SD at the lumbar spine or the total hip. Alkaline phosphatase levels were found to be elevated in 19 individuals (19/30, 63%) and determined to correspond to bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase elevations when measured (11/11, 100%). C‐telopeptide levels were found to be elevated when adjusted by age and gender in 6 individuals (6/14, 43%). Additionally, the two individuals who underwent bone cross‐sectional geometry evaluation by peripheral quantitative computed tomography were documented to have low cortical bone density for age and sex despite concurrent DXA scans that did not have this level of decreased density. While we could not identify particular biochemical abnormalities that predicted low BMD, the frequent elevations in markers of bone formation and resorption further confirmed the increased bone turnover in SAS. Based on our results and other recently published studies, we propose surveillance guidelines for the skeletal phenotype of SAS.
Magnetic Purcell Enhancement in a Nanoantenna‐Spherical Bragg Resonator Coupled System
Authors: García‐Puente Yalina , Kashyap Raman
Published: October 2023

In this work, a novel approach for enhancing magnetic fields in all‐dielectric nanoantennas using Spherical Bragg Resonators (SBR) is proposed, which can boost quantum emitters' magnetic transitions. A matrix method has been used to optimize the magnetic dipole resonance of a SiO2/Si core‐shell spherical nanoantenna. The radiative and non‐radiative decay rate of a Eu3+ emitter with a quantum efficiency of ∼80% is studied. The findings revealed that the magnetic dipole nanoantenna resonance coupling with the SBR mode significantly enhances the modal magnetic field. A 4‐layer SiO2/Si SBR results in a Purcell factor of , the highest it has found in the literature, to the best of the knowledge. The work offers a theoretical demonstration of the potential of SBR to improve the performance of dielectric nanoantennas.
Dielectric‐Based Electromagnetically Induced Transparency Metamaterial in the Microwave Band
Authors: Dong Han‐Qing , Gao Cheng‐Jing , Zhang Hai‐Feng
Published: October 2023

An electromagnetically induced transparency metamaterial (EITM) based on dielectric resonators is presented in this paper, which consists of a cut wire (CW) and ten dielectric columns. Destructive interference between the CW, which is a branch of the microstrip line, and the dielectric resonators causes the EIT phenomenon. The simulation results show that the dielectric‐based EITM designed can obtain a transmission peak of 0.938 at 2.17 GHz, and the two‐oscillator model is utilized to verify the effectiveness of the structure. In addition, samples of the dielectric‐based EITM are also fabricated and the effectiveness of the metamaterial is experimentally verified. The proposed metamaterial has several advantages, including high efficiency, low loss, a simple structure, and ease of manufacture, which has good prospects for application in the fields of electromagnetic switches, sensors, and nonlinear metamaterials.
Synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles from Enicostemma littorale plant extract and investigation of their photocatalytic and antimicrobial properties
Authors: Pushparaj T. Lurthu , Raj E. Fantin Irudaya , Rani E. Francy Irudaya , Thanu M. Chithambara
Published: October 2023

Nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiOxi‐NPs) with a spherical shape have been developed using a green aqueous extract of the Enicostemma littorale plant, and their efficacy on various photochemical and biological applications like antibacterial and anticancer has been studied. The intense vibrational bands in the Fourier transformer infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) spectrum correspond to Ni‐O, C=O, and O‐H, confirming the formation of NiOxi‐NP. Also, two intense peaks at 2θ = 36.42° (111) and 42.87° (200) in the X‐ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum confirm the NiOxi‐NP crystal lattice as face center cubic (FCC). To determine the light‐absorbing behavior and shape of the newly produced NiOxi‐NP, UV‐visible, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations were performed. NiOxi‐NP has a maximal distinctive UV‐visible absorption wavelength in the 306‐nm region. The nickel oxide nanoparticles are formed in spherical form and dispersed in the 33‐ to 46‐nm size range, according to the SEM and TEM investigations. According to the 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl thiazolyl‐2)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, the Michigan Cancer Foundation‐7 (MCF‐7) breast tumor cancer cell line is extremely responsive to the green NiOxi‐NPs' exceptional lethal effectiveness. The IC50 value for MCF‐7 cell lines is 12.87 μg/mL. When tested against bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus, and Escherichia coli stains, the aforementioned particles demonstrate greater activity on the three bacteria. The photocatalytic activity of the greenery NiOxi‐NP over the dye rhodamine B (RBD) was finished in 16 min when the solution concentration was 0.025 mg/L. The green synthesis of NiOxi‐NP nanoparticles can behave as a better UV‐visible screener between 290 and 450 nm, a better antimicrobial agent, a better RBD degradation agent, and a better low‐dose anticancer agent.
Atherosclerosis Progression in the APPLE Trial Can Be Predicted in Young People With Juvenile‐Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Using a Novel Lipid Metabolomic Signature
Authors: Peng Junjie , Dönnes Pierre , Ardoin Stacy P. , Schanberg Laura E. , Lewandowski Laura ,   APPLE trial investigators and Childhood Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA), Robinson George , Jury Elizabeth C. , Ciurtin Coziana
Published: October 2023

Objective

Patients with juvenile‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) have increased atherosclerosis risk. This study investigated novel atherosclerosis progression biomarkers in the Atherosclerosis Prevention in Pediatric Lupus Erythematosus (APPLE) trial, the largest investigator‐led randomized control trial of atorvastatin versus placebo for atherosclerosis progression in JSLE, using carotid intima‐media thickness (CIMT) as the primary outcome.

Methods

Unsupervised clustering of baseline CIMT and CIMT progression over 36 months was used to stratify patients with JSLE. Disease characteristics, cardiovascular risk scores, and baseline serum metabolome were investigated in CIMT‐stratified patients. Machine learning techniques were used to identify and validate a serum metabolomic signature of CIMT progression.

Results

Baseline CIMT stratified patients with JSLE (N = 151) into three groups with distinct high, intermediate, and low CIMT trajectories irrespective of treatment allocation, despite most patients having low cardiovascular disease risk based on recommended assessment criteria. In the placebo group (n = 60), patients with high versus low CIMT progression had higher total (P = 0.001) and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) (P = 0.002) cholesterol levels, although within the reference range. Furthermore, a robust baseline metabolomic signature predictive of high CIMT progression was identified in the placebo arm (area under the curve, 80.7%). Patients treated with atorvastatin (n = 61) had reduced LDL cholesterol levels after 36 months, as expected; however, despite this, 36% still had high atherosclerosis progression, which was not predicted by metabolomic biomarkers, suggesting nonlipid drivers of atherosclerosis in JSLE with management implications for this subset of patients.

Conclusion

Significant baseline heterogeneity and distinct subclinical atherosclerosis progression trajectories exist in JSLE. Metabolomic signatures can predict atherosclerosis progression in some patients with JSLE with relevance for clinical trial stratification.

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The influence of therapists’ spirituality on their practice: A grounded theory exploration
Authors: Blair Lewis J.
Published: October 2023

Background

Counselling and psychotherapy have complex relationships with religion and spirituality. Therapy has not tended to focus a great deal on the spirituality of the client, much less that of the therapist. More recently, there has been an increased interest in the role of spirituality in therapy.

Aim/Methodology

This study used a grounded theory methodology to explore the spirituality of nine therapists and to identify the ways in which their spirituality influences their practice.

Findings

One overarching theme emerged from the data, which was the reflective, dynamic, and developmental process in which participants were engaged, in order to integrate their spiritual and therapeutic identities. Within this, two sub‐themes emerged: the direct influence of therapist spirituality on therapeutic work, and finding harmony between spirituality and broader professional context.

Implications

Processes of professional and spiritual development of therapists are discussed along with implications for practice, training, and research.
Comparative exploration of narrative processes for better and poorer outcomes for depression
Authors: Banham James A. , Schweitzer Robert D.
Published: October 2023

Background

Contemporary psychotherapy research demonstrates that whilst most clients respond positively to psychological interventions, a small but significant proportion of clients fail to experience the expected benefits of therapy. Although methodologies exist that enable the identification of successful and unsuccessful therapy, we have a limited understanding of the processes associated with these outcomes.

Aim

This study sought to examine the relationship between therapeutic outcome and therapeutic language.

Methodology

Therapeutic outcomes of 42 trainee–therapists who provided psychotherapy to 173 clients were tracked with the OQ‐45.2 over a five‐year period with the view of identifying the client/trainee–therapist dyads with the best and poorest outcomes. The six best outcome and six poorest outcome client/trainee–therapist dyads were identified to examine characteristics of therapeutic conversations associated with better and poorer therapy outcomes. Therapeutic conversations were analysed with the Narrative Process Coding System.

Findings

Best outcome client/trainee–therapist dyads demonstrated significant increases in reflexive conversation over the course of psychotherapy. Implications: Examining the practices of best and poorest outcome client/trainee–therapist dyads with objective measures of therapy outcome provides an important first step in understanding how therapeutic language may contribute to the greatest therapeutic improvement or deterioration.
Catalytic Properties of Nanometric Metal Overlayers with Two‐Dimensional Structures
Authors: Yoshida Hiroshi , Machida Masato
Published: October 2023

Although most of the currently used solid catalysts possess a three‐dimensional structure of nanoparticles dispersed on a porous support, the nanoparticle structure should not be considered the optimal structure for all catalytic reactions due to some disadvantages such as thermal instability and catalyst poisoning. Herein, we present the unique catalytic performance of a two‐dimensional metal foil‐supported nanometric Rh thin film, referred to as the “Rh overlayer”, for a catalytic CO−NO reaction and a stoichiometric three‐way catalytic reaction under practical conditions. The extremely high turnover frequency for NO reduction using two‐dimensional Rh is a key to understanding this phenomenon, the detailed mechanism of which can be explained by theoretical calculations.
Heat transfer enhancement of serpentine channels with twisted tape insert by computational fluid dynamics and artificial intelligence
Authors: Salimi Saeid , Mozoun Mohammad Javad , Beigzadeh Reza
Published: October 2023

Improving the thermal–hydraulic performance of heat exchangers is a critical challenge. In this study, we investigated the impact of twisted tape insert geometrical variables, namely pitch length (P) and diameter (W), on the Nusselt number (Nu) and friction factor (f) within serpentine channels. To accomplish this, we employed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) as our simulation technique, with water as the working fluid. The validity of the CFD data was confirmed, leading to the development of artificial intelligence (AI) subsets: artificial neural network (ANN) and genetic algorithm (GA). In the prediction models, the following input variables were considered: Reynolds number (Re), (P/Dh), and (W/Dh). The ANN and GA models achieved a mean relative error (MRE) of 0.125% and 1.326% for Nu, and 0.139% and 4.104% for f, respectively. These results demonstrate the high accuracy of the correlations, with the ANN model showcasing superior performance.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Stereoselective Migratory Carboboration of 1,4‐Cyclohexadiene†
Authors: Ren Yaoyu , Wang Lujin , Ding Chao , Li Yangyang , Yin Guoyin
Published: October 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Multi‐substituted cyclohexanes play a crucial role as scaffolds in bioactive compounds. While significant progress has been made in synthesizing substituted cyclohexanes, methods for the stereoselective assembly of 1,3‐disubstituted cyclohexanes remain scarce. This study presents a novel approach involving nickel catalysis to achieve stereoselective carboboration of 1,4‐cyclohexadiene. This innovative process allows for the simultaneous introduction of a boron group and an aryl or an alkyl fragment into the 1,4‐cyclohexadiene framework under mild conditions, with exclusive regioselectivity and excellent cis configuration. The resulting products feature a double carbon bond and the incorporation of the boron group, offering significant potential for subsequent transformations and downstream applications.
Bio‐Inspired Far‐From‐Equilibrium Hydrogels: Design Principles and Applications
Authors: Tang Jiadong , Cheng Yibo , Ding Muhua , Wang Chen
Published: October 2023

Inspired from dynamic living systems that operate under out‐of‐equilibrium conditions in biology, developing supramolecular hydrogels with self‐regulating and autonomously dynamic properties to further advance adaptive hydrogels with life‐like behavior is important. This review presents recent progress of bio‐inspired supramolecular hydrogels out‐of‐equilibrium. The principle of out‐of‐equilibrium self‐assembly for creating bio‐inspired hydrogels is discussed. Various design strategies have been identified, such as chemical‐driven reaction cycles with feedback control and physically oscillatory systems. These strategies can be coupled with hydrogels to achieve temporal and spatial control over structural and mechanical properties as well as programmable lifetime. These studies open up huge opportunities for potential applications, such as fluidic guidance, information storage, drug delivery, actuators and more. Finally, we address the challenges ahead of us in the coming years, and future possibilities and prospects are identified.
Investigation of the effects of arch size and implant angulation on the accuracy of digital impression using two intraoral scanners: An in vitro study
Authors: Geramipanah Farideh , Sadighpour Leyla , Payaminia Leila
Published: October 2023

Objectives

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of arch size and implant angulation on the accuracy of digital impression in two intraoral scanners of Trios (3shape) and CEREC (Omnicam).

Material and Methods

Four acrylic models each including six implants at sites 11, 12, 15, 17, 23, and 27 were used, including large with parallel implants, large with angled implants, small with parallel implants, and small with angled implants. After tightening the scan bodies, distance measurements were done using a coordinate measuring machine. Then, each model was scanned 10 times using each scanner. Trueness and precision measurements were finally computed.

Results

The trueness values ranged from 20 to 260 μm in CEREC Omnicam, and from 40 to 1030 μm in Trios. The precision values ranged from 30 to 190 μm in CEREC Omnicam, while from 50 to 770 μm in Trios. The multivariate test analysis indicated that the measured distances via two scanners and different models show different behaviors. Pairwise interactions between these three variables were significant (p < .05). Pairwise interactions between these variables were also significant. (p < .0001).

Conclusions

Arch width could affect the accuracy of digital impression; by rotating toward the second quadrant and end points of the scan, errors have increased. However, the angulation of the implants had no effect on the accuracy of digital impression. The CEREC Omnicam scanner showed higher accuracy (trueness and precision) compared to the Trios (3shape) one.
Secretory carcinoma of salivary gland: A rare tumor masquerading as acinic cell carcinoma on cytology
Authors: Agarwal Charu , Jain Manjula , Pujani Mukta , Rajpoot Jyoti , Goel Himani , Sarohi Monica , Sasidharan Jaseetha
Published: October 2023

Secretory carcinoma (SC) was originally described as mammary analogue secretory carcinoma (MASC). We present here a case of 33 years old male who came to ENT outpatient department with a complaint of swelling over the left side of his neck for 8 months. On Fine‐needle aspiration cytology, an impression of cytomorphological features suggestive of acinic cell carcinoma (Milan category V) was given. Left functional endoscopic sinus surgery was done. On histopathology, a final impression of Secretory carcinoma, the left submandibular gland was given with pathological stage classification as pT2N0Mx. SC of the salivary gland is a rare entity that may pose diagnostic challenges. Awareness of its cytologic features is paramount to achieve an accurate diagnosis. Morphologic interpretation must be supported by an immunohistochemical profile and molecular studies to confirm a diagnosis of SC.
A cutaneous epithelioid vascular tumor harboring a TPM3::ALK fusion
Authors: Linos Konstantinos , Chang Jason C. , Busam Klaus J.
Published: October 2023

Substantial progress has been made in understanding the molecular pathways associated with vascular tumors over the last two decades. In addition to mutations and copy number aberrations, fusions have emerged as significant contributors to the pathogenesis of a notable subset of vascular tumors. In this report, we present a case of an unusual intradermal vascular tumor with epithelioid cytomorphology. Immunohistochemistry revealed diffuse positivity for CD31, ERG and Factor VIII, supporting its endothelial lineage. RNA sequencing (ArcherFusion Plex) revealed the presence of an in‐frame fusion between the genes TPM3 Exon 8 and ALK Exon 20. Immunohistochemistry confirmed ALK expression by the endothelial cells. To our knowledge, this is the first documented case of a vascular tumor harboring an ALK fusion. It may fall within the spectrum of epithelioid hemangiomas; nevertheless, we cannot definitively exclude the possibility of it being a distinct and potentially unique benign entity on its own.
Prevalence of depression among Iranian children and adolescents: An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bazargan Maedeh , Dehghani Akram , Ramezani Mohammad Arash , Ramezani Alireza
Published: October 2023

Background and Aims

One of the most common mental disorders among children and adolescent is depression. Some of the conducted studies indicate a too‐high prevalence of depression, which cannot be generalized to the entire country. So the pooled estimation of the results of different studies is very important to reach valid results. So the current study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression among Iranian children and adolescents using an updated systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Methods

A random‐effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of depression (I2 = 99.7% and Cochran's Q, p < 0.001). To assess the effect of different factors on heterogeneity, the univariate meta‐regression model was used. Publication bias was evaluated by Beggs and Eggers tests as well as funnel plots. Data were analyzed by STATA v 11 (StataCorp.). The significance level of the tests was considered less than 0.05.

Results

The prevalence of depression was 33.3% (95% CI: 27.3−39.2). The most prevalence estimated using the Beak questionnaire (57.1% [95% CI: 50.2−64.0]) and the lowest was estimated using the K‐SADS‐PL (9.0% [95% CI: 4.0−13.6]). This estimate among females was more than among males (47.2% [95% CI: 35.4−58.9] vs. 30.5 [95% CI: 7.4−53.6]). Regarding the geographical region, the most and the lowest amount of depression was seen in the central with 41.7% (95% CI: 19.2−64.3) and southern region with 21.9% (95% CI: 14.2−29.6), respectively.

Conclusion

The high prevalence of depressive disorders in Iranian children emphasizes the importance of prevention measures for these disorders.
Immune landscape of vulvar cancer patients treated with surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy revealed restricted T cell functionality and increased IL‐17 expression associated with cancer relapse
Authors: Gies Selina , Melchior Patrick , Stroeder Russalina , Tänzer Tanja , Theobald Laura , Pohlers Maike , Glombitza Birgit , Sester Martina , Solomayer Erich‐Franz , Walch‐Rückheim Barbara
Published: October 2023

For vulvar cancers, radiotherapy is targeting cancer cells, but also affects the host immune system. As this may affect treatment outcome, in this prospective study, we characterized the individual T cell immune milieu induced by surgery and adjuvant radio +/− chemotherapy (aRT) systemically in the blood of vulvar cancer patients and found increased frequencies of Interleukin (IL)‐17‐producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells after aRT while frequencies of Th1 and perforin‐producing CD8+ killer cells were strongly diminished. Phenotypic characterization revealed enhanced expression of the ectonucleotidase CD39 on Th17 and Tc17 cells as well as CD8+ perforin+ cells after aRT. Furthermore, the aRT cohort exhibited increased proportions of Programmed Cell Death Protein (PD‐1) expressing cells among Th1 and CD8+ perforin+ cells, but not among Th17 and Tc17 cells. High post‐therapeutic levels of Th17 and Tc17 cells and low proportions of Th1 and CD8+ perforin+ cells expressing PD‐1 was associated with reduced recurrence free survival on follow‐up. In conclusion, our study defines individual therapy‐induced changes in the cellular immune milieu of patients and their association with cancer relapse. Our results may help to explain differences in the individual courses of disease of vulvar cancer patients and suggest PD‐1 and IL‐17 as targets for immunotherapy in vulvar cancer.
Acute on chronic liver failure: A South Australian experience
Authors: Madigan Shauna , Tashkent Yasmina , Trehan Sharad , Muller Kate , Wigg Alan , Woodman Richard , Ramachandran Jeyamani
Published: October 2023

Background and Aim

Acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a clinical syndrome described in patients with acute decompensation (AD) of cirrhosis, characterized by organ failures and high mortality. Intensive management, including liver transplantation (LT), has been shown to improve survival. To address the limited Australian data on ACLF, we describe the prevalence, clinical profile, and outcome of ACLF in an Australian cohort of hospitalized patients.

Methods

A retrospective review of hepatology admissions in a tertiary hospital from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2019 identified AD and ACLF cohorts, as defined by the European Association for Study of the Liver definition. Patient characteristics, clinical course, survival at 28‐ and 90‐day survival, and feasibility of LT were analyzed.

Results

Among the 192 admissions with AD, 74 admissions (39%) met ACLF criteria. A prior diagnosis of alcohol‐related cirrhosis was highly prevalent in both cohorts. Grade‐1 ACLF was the most frequent (60%), with renal failure being the commonest organ failure; 28‐day (23% vs 2%, P = <0.001) and 90‐day mortality (36% vs 16%, P = 0.002) were higher in ACLF than AD. Due to ongoing alcohol use disorder (AUD), only six patients underwent LT assessment during ACLF admission.

Conclusion

ACLF was common in our cohort of cirrhosis with AD and was associated with high mortality. AUD despite prior cirrhosis diagnosis was a barrier to LT. Prioritization of ACLF patients for LT after addressing AUD and relaxation of the 6‐month abstinence rule may improve ACLF survival and should be addressed in prospective studies.
Heparin‐induced hyperkalemia, can LMWH cause hyperkalemia? A systematic review
Authors: Amdetsion Gedion Yilma , Gudeta Aron , Lumley Guy , Sagoo Harkiran , Aliledhin Ehab
Published: October 2023

Hyperkalemia, an elevated blood potassium concentration exceeding 5.0 mEq/L, is associated with adverse outcomes and is frequently observed in hospitalized patients. Drug‐induced hyperkalemia accounts for a significant proportion of cases, with heparin, commonly used for venous thrombosis prevention, suspected to contribute, though less recognized than other heparin‐related side effects. Both unfractionated heparin (UFH) and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) have been implicated in inducing hyperkalemia, primarily through the suppression of aldosterone levels and modulation of angiotensin II receptors. This systematic review examines the relationship between heparin, particularly LMWH, and hyperkalemia. Thirteen studies involving 1407 patients were analyzed. Findings indicated a lack of highquality evidence, with no significant increase in potassium levels associated with LMWH use. LMWH did not exhibit a dose‐response relationship with hyperkalemia incidence. Additionally, mechanisms underlying the hypothetical LMWHinduced hyperkalemia remained inconclusive. While this suggests that LMWH is unlikely to be a primary cause of hyperkalemia, caution is warranted, especially in patients with elevated baseline potassium levels.
Sustained upward groundwater discharge through salt marsh tidal creeks
Authors: Zhan Lucheng , Xin Pei , Chen Jiansheng , Chen Xiaogang , Li Ling
Published: October 2023

Salt marshes can export considerable nutrients and carbon to the ocean through submarine groundwater discharge (SGD). However, the complicated SGD processes in salt marshes remain poorly understood. Here, we first report the phenomenon of numerous highly saline artesian springs found in a salt marsh system of East China. Multiple methods including time‐series thermal monitoring, isotope signatures, and high‐resolution electrical resistivity tomography were combined to determine their origin and trajectory. Strong evidence suggests that these springs keep discharging even during high tide and represent a long‐term re‐distribution process of the ancient marine water trapped in the unconfined aquifer. This new pattern of spring‐derived groundwater flow indicates a hidden SGD pathway and has significant implications for studies concerning SGD‐derived fluxes in similar multi‐aquifer‐aquitard coastal systems.
Directional Thermal Emission Covering Two Atmospheric Windows
Authors: Ying Yunbin , Yu Jianbo , Qin Bing , Zhao Meng , Zhou Tianze , Shen Weidong , Qiu Min , Li Qiang
Published: October 2023

Controlling directional thermal emission to match the ultra‐broadband atmospheric window is a long‐standing scientific challenge. Here, a strategy is introduced for achieving ultra‐broadband directional thermal emission matching the atmospheric window by combining Fabry–Perot resonances and the Brewster effect. The planar system, comprising a thin dielectric film (Ge) on a radiative substrate, exhibits high p‐polarized emissivity (> 0.9) at specific directions (76°–84°) covering the entire atmospheric window (3–5 and 8–14 µm) and high omnidirectional emission (> 0.7) in the non‐atmospheric window (5–8 µm) for simultaneous efficient radiative cooling. Moreover, it can integrate independent dual‐band (visible–IR) information encryption and the infrared information anti‐snooping function. The approach offers unique insights into controlling thermal emission using planar films, with broad implications in camouflage, thermal management, and encryption.
Mechanically Robust and Self‐Healing Polyurethane Elastomer Based on Hierarchical Hydrogen Bonds
Authors: Jin Biqiang , Wu Wenqiang , Wu Haitao
Published: October 2023

It is a formidable challenge to fabricate mechanically robust and self‐healing polymeric materials. In this work, a facile but effective approach based on constructing hierarchical hydrogen bonds (H‐bonds) is used to combine high mechanical robustness and healing efficiency into one artificial polyurethane (PU) elastomer. The infrared spectrum and molecular simulations demonstrate the formation of hierarchical H‐bonds, which are assembled by the strong and weak H‐bonds. The hierarchical H‐bonds appear to have two advantages. On the one hand, the hierarchical breaking of the strong and weak H‐bonds can effectively strengthen and toughen the PU elastomer. The strong H‐bonds maintain the integrity of the PU network, while the weak H‐bonds dissipate considerable energy during stretching; on the other hand, the rapid dissociation and organization of hierarchical H‐bonds provides the driving force for the healing process. Thus, the hierarchical H‐bonds efficiently solve the inherent contradiction between mechanical strength and healing dynamics. As a result, the PU elastomer exhibits excellent mechanical properties (32.5 MPa of tensile strength and 84.1 MJ m−3 of toughness). Meanwhile, this PU elastomer shows high healing efficiency (91.4%) and also exhibits 100% scratch recovery. This design strategy may provide a simple yet effective way to produce robust self‐healing polymeric materials.
Impact of holes in an interdigital parallel folded coupled line‐based wideband bandpass filter for X‐band applications
Authors: Paul Amartya , Bhargava Gaurav , Majumdar Shubhankar
Published: October 2023

In this paper, a study on the effects of strategically implemented holes in a miniaturized wideband bandpass filter (BPF) utilizing interdigital folded coupled lines is presented. First, the BPF is designed to produce the passband by introducing a fold in the coupled lines. The passband is centered at 9.3 GHz (X‐band), catering to radar applications. Coupled lines connected to a modified U‐shaped transmission line comprise the filter's design configuration. The novelty of the design resides in incorporating drilled holes along the coupled lines, which generate perturbations and resonant effects, resulting in enhanced impedance variations and improved filter performance. With the aid of electromagnetic analysis and simulation software, the coupled lines, U‐shaped transmission lines, and drilled hole diameters are all optimized. Vector Network Analyzer performs all the measurements and draws the comparisons. An increment of 22.58% is seen in return loss as it increases from −24 to −32 dB, and the insertion loss shows an increase of 16.74%. The proposed filter has been subjected to analytical study, simulation, and implementation, which have confirmed its exceptional return loss, favorable insertion loss, and compact dimensions. The research results make a valuable contribution to the development of miniaturized wideband BPFs, specifically focusing on their use in radar systems. In such systems, the ability to accurately and efficiently filter signals is paramount. The design insights and performance improvements presented in this study have significant implications for broader applications in microwave engineering and communication systems.