bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theoretical Study on ESIPT for NHBQ‐NO2 and NHBQ‐NH2: A DFT/TDDFT Study
Authors: Zeng Wen , Shao Wenlong , Zhao Jinfeng , Chen Jiahe
Published: January 2025

Inspired by distinguished characteristics of novel optical materials, there has been significant research interest in organic molecules that present excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) properties. Given the vital effects of substituent effect on molecular designs, in this study, we focus on probing into excited state behaviors of NHBQ‐NO2 (i.e., submitted by strong electron‐withdrawing group ‐NO2) and NHBQ‐NH2 (i.e., submitted by strong electron‐donating group ‐NH2). Exploring hydrogen bonding effects via photoexcitation, we verify the impact of substituent effect (‐NO2 and ‐NH2) on interactions involving photo‐induced hydrogen bonding effects, redistribution of charges, and associated phenomena related to ESIPT reaction. By comparing and quantifying the barriers for reactions in relative excited state, our results indicate electron‐donating substituent ‐NH2 enhances the ESIPT reaction for NHBQ fluorophore.
Systematic Review of Pain Assessment Measures Used in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Klages Kimberly L. , Gibson Courtney A. , Barnett Kimberly A. , Schwartz Laura E. , Hicks Chloe A. , Norris Robin E. , Kashikar‐Zuck Susmita , Pai Ahna L. H.
Published: January 2025

Background

Pain is a prevalent, frequent, and often persistent symptom among children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Despite its high prevalence, pain has remained understudied, and no evidence‐based recommendations exist for how best to assess and treat pain in this population. Without proper assessment, clinical efforts to improve pain management in pediatric ALL will be ineffective.

Aims

Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review is to describe and identify gaps in measurement approaches that have been used to assess pain in pediatric ALL, evaluate the psychometric properties of available pediatric pain measures, and provide recommendations for clinical research and practice.

Methods

Literature searches were performed following Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews. Domains of pain assessed, measures used to assess pain, measure format, respondent, and timing of pain assessment were extracted from studies that met inclusion criteria. The psychometric properties of included measures were then evaluated. A total of 238 full‐text articles were screened and 123 met inclusion criteria.

Results

Most studies assessed pain using generic health‐related quality of life instruments rather than pain‐specific measures. A total of 39 measures were used across the 123 included studies, and the psychometric properties of the measures varied considerably.

Conclusions

Recommendations include a selection of well‐validated pain assessment measures that are currently available and can be used to facilitate best practices in ALL pain assessment. Clinicians and investigators are encouraged to utilize a multidimensional pain assessment approach to inform and enhance pain care in pediatric ALL.
Plant phenotyping and root‐associated metabolomics reveal insights into pathogen protection by diverse arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Authors: Weinberger Natascha V. , Cibils‐Stewart Ximena , Brien Chris , Jewell Nathaniel , Berger Bettina , Cavagnaro Timothy R. , Salomon Matthias J. , Mikhael Meena , Plett Jonathan M. , Plett Krista L. , Powell Jeff R.
Published: January 2025

Societal Impact Statement

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi support plant development by enhancing growth and resistance to pathogens through mycorrhiza‐induced resistance (MIR). However, the varying capacities of individual AM fungal species to induce MIR are not well‐understood, limiting their agricultural potential. This study reveals that specific AM fungal isolates differ in their ability to enhance tomato growth and reduce biomass losses due to Rhizoctonia solani infection, a major root pathogen. By identifying MIR‐effective fungal isolates and linking them to shifts in root‐associated chemical composition, we highlight potential to improve crop resilience and productivity, advancing agriculture by enabling more efficient use of AM fungi.

Mycorrhiza‐induced resistance (MIR) can increase plant resistance to pathogens, reducing disease symptoms and biomass losses. However, the beneficial effects of different arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal species vary greatly, and the mechanisms behind these differences are not well‐understood. This study investigates varying levels of MIR among AM fungal isolates and their impact on the plant root‐associated metabolome, examining the influence of AM fungi's functional diversity on plant growth, defence, and molecular patterns.

Using phenotyping observations, we assessed temporal variation in growth responses of tomato plants inoculated with Rhizoctonia solani and four different AM fungal isolates from the Glomeraceae and Gigasporaceae families, comparing these responses to changes in the root‐associated metabolome.

Our results show that most AM fungal isolates enhanced plant growth, with two out of four demonstrating MIR‐effective potential during symbiosis with tomatoes without trade‐offs. The effectiveness of MIR was reflected in variations in metabolomic profiles, with an increase in downregulated metabolomic compounds in effective species.

This study enhances understanding of AM fungal species‐specific differences in growth‐related MIR responses in tomatoes and the roles of biochemistry, supporting findings that Glomeraceae species have better MIR abilities. Our results suggest greater MIR‐related biochemical capabilities within Glomeraceae compared to Gigasporaceae.
Research Paradigm of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) With Item Response Theory: Clarification, Classification, and Challenge
Authors: Feng Chun , Liu Shou‐Guo , Zhou Liang , Lin Feng
Published: January 2025

Background

The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is the worldwide terminology system for measuring health and disability at both individual and population levels. However, the underlying challenges remain in achieving widespread adoption and implementation of ICF within healthcare contexts, including the unequal interval scale of the ICF Likert‐type qualifier system ranging from 0 to 4, a lack of consensus on conceptualization and grading criteria of ICF items, and an excessive number of ICF items associated with each disease. The utilization of item response theory (IRT) for ICF studies demonstrated potential benefits in addressing these issues. Here, a review attempted to provide clarification of two predominant needs (sufficiency and efficiency) and two dimensions of scoring principles (stratification and assignment principles) in the ICF.

Methods

A literature search was conducted on the PubMed database, and 44 relative articles were selected. On this basis, this review was undertaken to track the research progress of the ICF based on the parameter IRT method, typically the Rasch model.

Results

This review outlined the classification of Item response model (IRM) for ICF studies and summarized existing IRT‐based ICF research paradigms. Moreover, this review identified blind spots regarding assignment principles and the difficulty parameter in current ICF‐based IRT studies. The Mokken scale analysis (MSA), as a non‐parametric IRT method, was introduced as a data shaping tool for parametric IRM. The pipeline of the ICF‐based MSA‐Rasch modeling might advance the understanding of ICF clinical application and shed light on a new paradigm of questionnaire design.

Conclusion

The advent of ICF‐oriented IRM algorithms may advance the comprehension of ICF clinical application and pave the way for a new paradigm for IRT‐derived ICF questionnaires, namely the parsimonious ICF core set. Additionally, the Wright map holds promise in facilitating insight into rehabilitation trajectories and personalizing rehabilitation goals.
Efficacy and safety of Brucea javanica oil soft capsules combined with oral chemotherapy for maintenance therapy in advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Kou Yingying , Sun Mengting , Ling Bingxun , Ma Xianglei , Zhu Wenbo , Zhao Min
Published: January 2025

The objective of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety of Brucea javanica (Yadanzi) oil soft capsules (YDZ capsules) with or without Capecitabine/S‐1 in maintenance therapy for advanced gastric cancer (GC). From January 2019 to December 2021, 105 patients treated at Jiangsu Cancer Hospital were enrolled and categorized into 3 treatment groups: Group A received YDZ capsules, Group B received Capecitabine or S‐1, and Group C received a combination of YDZ capsules with Capecitabine or S‐1. The study compared the efficacy across these groups using the Objective Response Rate (ORR) and Disease Control Rate (DCR) metrics, focusing on the differences between Group A and Group B, and between Group B and Group C. Additionally, safety profiles were assessed and compared between these groups to evaluate the tolerability of each regimen. YDZ capsules alone had lower efficacy than chemotherapy (DCR: 51.4% vs. 68.6%, p = .14). While combination showed significantly higher efficacy with improved ORR (65.7% vs. 37.2%, p < .05) and DCR (88.6% vs. 68.6%, p < .05). YDZ capsules showed a significantly lower overall incidence of adverse reactions (ADRs) compared to capecitabine/S‐1‐treated group (p < .05). Combination therapy had significantly reduced the incidence of ADRs such as anemia, thrombocytopenia, nausea, vomiting, and fatigue (p < .05). Combination of YDZ capsules and Capecitabine/S‐1 demonstrate an obvious synergism and attenuation in maintenance treatment for advanced GC, highlighting their therapeutic potential especially for patients treated with palliative chemotherapy.
Structure of the Complex of Lactoperoxidase With Nitric Oxide at 1.95 Å Resolution
Authors: Maurya Ankit , Ahmad Nabeel , Sharma Pradeep , Sharma Sujata , Singh T. P.
Published: January 2025

Lactoperoxidase (LPO) is a heme‐containing mammalian enzyme that is found in the extracellular fluids of animals including plasma, saliva, airway epithelial and nasal lining fluids, milk, tears, and gastric juices. LPO uses hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to convert substrates into oxidized products. Previous structural studies have shown that H2O2, CO, and CN are bound to LPO at the distal heme cavity by coordinating with heme iron. The structure of the complex of LPO with NO shows that NO also binds to LPO at the distal heme cavity and forms a coordinate linkage with heme iron. The structure shows that the nitrogen atom of NO is linked to heme iron at a distance of 1.97 while the oxygen atom is attached to the Nε2 atom of His109 at a distance of 2.23 Å. On the other hand, N atom of NO is located with an interatomic distance of 3.25 Å allowing a hydrogen‐bonding interaction with the Nε2 atom of Gln105. A comparison of the bindings of NO, CO, CN, and H2O2 in coordination with heme iron indicates stereochemical compatibility of the distal heme cavity for the binding of diatomic molecules. However, notable differences are observed in their orientations in the distal heme cavity indicating functional differences. The bindings of NO, CO, and CN by coordinating with heme iron result in the inhibition of LPO while the binding of H2O2 to heme iron produces an intermediate of LPO known as Compound I.
Magneto‐Optoelectronic Investigation of Rare Earth‐Based Ba2Dy(Ta,Bi)O6 Double Perovskites
Authors: Ishfaq Mudassir , Nasarullah  , Aldaghfag Shatha A. , Zahid Muhammad , Misbah  , Yaseen Muhammad , Ali Haitham Elhosiny
Published: January 2025

Herein, two barium‐based double perovskites, Ba2DyTaO6 and Ba2DyBiO6, have been investigated using density functional theory with the modified Becke–Johnson potential to explore their geometric, magnetic, and optoelectronic attributes. The calculations, including formation enthalpies and tolerance factors, confirm structural and thermodynamic stability of both compounds. The results reveal half‐metallic behavior, with a bandgap present in spin‐up channel and metallic bands in the spin‐down channel for both materials. Specifically, Ba2DyTaO6 exhibits a spin‐up bandgap of 4.60 eV, while Ba2DyBiO6 has 3.0 eV in the spin‐up channel, indicating their semiconducting nature in this spin orientation. Magnetic properties are dominated by the Dy‐4f states, yielding a stable ferromagnetic nature with a magnetic moment around 5.0 μB. Both compounds display strong absorbance in the UV spectrum, regarding these double perovskites as promising contenders for optical devices, UV filters, and spintronic applications. The study highlights the potential of these materials in combining optical and magnetic properties for multifunctional device applications.
Acceptance—Rejection Criteria Based on Birnbaum–Saunders Lifetime Distribution Using Intervened Poisson Distribution
Authors: Kumarasamy Pradeepa Veerakumari , Ramesh Thulasilakshmi , Thottathil Asif T.
Published: January 2025

The Birnbaum–Saunders (BS) distribution is used to represent the impact of fatigue on the products produced in a continuous cycle, which is the primary quality characteristic that determines the product's failure time. This article explains the acceptance sampling plan for the BS distribution, which uses percentiles when the life test ends at a certain time, along with the intervened Poisson distribution. More specifically, this article primarily aims to determine the minimum sample size required to confirm the specified life percentile under a specific customer's risk. The operating characteristic values and the producer's risk are established.
An Efficient Sol–Gel Strategy to Fabricate Superhydrophobic and Oleophobic Polyester Fabrics With Enhanced Mechanical Stability and Chemical Durability Using Perfluorodecyltrimethoxysilane (PFDMS)
Authors: Xu Tianlu , Tang Wei , Shao Mingjun , Jian Yulan , Yang Xionghang , Xie Linkun
Published: January 2025

The development of functionalized amphiphobic coatings on polyester (PET) fabrics has always been a research hotspot. However, maintaining the physical and chemical stability of the coating poses challenges. A high‐efficiency, convenient, one‐step sol–gel approach to fabricate PET fabrics coated with perfluorodecyltrimethoxysilane (PFDMS) was introduced, imparting fabrics both superhydrophobic and oleophobic properties. The PFDMS coating significantly enhanced the fabric's resistance to wear, UV light, and chemical erosion. The wettability, morphology, and chemical composition of the PET fabric were characterized by contact angle measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The effects of PFDMS concentration and hydrolysis time on the fabric's wettability were investigated. When PFDMS:NH4OH:EtOH = 3:50:50, and the hydrolysis time was 10 min, the modified PET fabric exhibited a water contact angle (WCA) of 152.2° and an oil contact angle (OCA) of 130.5°. Further tests demonstrated that PFDMS‐modified PET fabrics possessed excellent mechanical stability, chemical durability, and environmental stability. Additionally, these fabrics showed remarkable antipollution and self‐cleaning properties. Thus, a new method for creating robust, long‐lasting, and stable amphiphobic coatings was proposed, aiming to streamline production, enhance scalability, and broaden product applications.
A Fluorometric Method for Diclofenac Determination in Liquid Formulations: Experimental and Computational Assessments
Authors: Şarkaya Koray , Fitoz Alper , Ergun Ece , Orhan Ersin , Ergun Ümit
Published: January 2025

Diclofenac (DCF) is an important non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug frequently used to relieve rheumatic pain and acute injuries. Therefore, determination of DCF in real‐life samples using an efficient and cost‐effective indirect method is vital in pharmaceutical science. The proposed novel method is based on the formation of a solid Zn‐BMHM complex (chemosensor BMHM; (E)‐1‐((((1H‐benzo[d]imidazol‐2‐yl)methyl)imino)methyl)‐5‐methylphenol) via the displacement of zinc ions from the Zn‐DCF complex in an ethanol medium. The method consists of rapid precipitation steps that prevent interference effects and a turn‐on fluorescence effect by using a chemosensor. The increase in fluorescence intensity was linearly correlated with the concentration of Zn‐DCF solution over the range of 5.0–50.0 µM (R2: 0.999) with a LOD value of 1.64 µM. The method was applied to liquid pharmaceutical formulations and obtained excellent recovery values (99.09%–103.9%). Geometry optimization, molecular orbitals, and NBO population analyses were performed using density functional theory to display the exchange reaction's characteristics between ligand DCF and chemosensor BMHM. Global reactivity parameters and local interaction sites on the DCF and BMHM were examined in detail in view of the analyzed reaction. Theoretical assessments supported the analysis of reaction selectivity towards the BMHM ligand.
Ultrafast Electrodeposition of Durable NiFe Catalysts for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Qin Caiwei , Bai Minghua , Cao Dianwei , Ma Yuanqi , Zhao Jia , Kang Yanhong , Zhao Zhen
Published: January 2025

Finding noble‐metal‐free hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts with facile synthesis and efficient performance is essential to carry out electrochemical overall water splitting for hydrogen energy development. An ultrafast electrodeposition technique for the synthesis of NiFe catalysts is developed. The rapid synthesis of NiFe catalysts with nanoparticle film morphology was achieved by uniformly anchoring particles onto three‐dimensional nickel foam (NF) via one‐step constant‐current electrodeposition in 30 s. The catalyst exhibited excellent HER electrocatalytic activity and stability in 1.0 M KOH solution. To attain a current density of 10 mA·cm−2, the hydrogen evolution reaction displayed favorable kinetics with an overpotential of 168 mV and a Tafel slope of 168.5 mV·dec−1. Continuous stability tests of the NiFe/NF electrode were conducted for up to 23 h at a current density of 10·mA·cm−2. The overpotential exhibited a decrease of merely 2 mV, exhibiting outstanding durability.
Novel Aromatic Heterocycles for Dual MAO A and B Inhibitors: A Promising Strategy for Parkinson's Disease Treatment
Authors: Swati  , Raza Amir , Singh Bhupendra , Wadhwa Pankaj
Published: January 2025

Recent advancements in the synthesis of aromatic heterocycles have shown promise in the inhibition of monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B enzymes implicated in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). These heterocyclic compounds are of particular interest due to their structural diversity and significant pharmacological potential.This review discusses various strategies for enhancing MAO inhibitory activity, emphasizing positional modifications. Notable progress includes the development of thiazole‐based and imidazole‐based heterocycles with detailed exploration of their synthetic methodologies and structure–activity relationships. These compounds have demonstrated potential in targeting the metabolism of neurotransmitters, particularly dopamine, which is crucial for managing PD symptoms.The synthesis of aromatic heterocycles targeting MAO A and B inhibition offers a promising pathway for developing novel therapeutics for Parkinson's disease. The structural diversity and pharmacological potential of these compounds, combined with their ability to modulate neurotransmitter levels, present a hopeful avenue for more effective PD management. However, further research, including structure‐based design and in vivo validation, is essential to fully realize their therapeutic efficacy and improve treatment outcomes for Parkinson's disease.
Crack semantic segmentation performance of various attention modules in different scenarios
Authors: Zheng Junwen , Chen Lingkun , Chen Nan , Chen Qizhi , Miao Qingyun , Jin Hesong , Jiang Lizhong , Ngo Tuan
Published: January 2025

As the core of the Transformer, the attention mechanism is crucial in model design. However, the performance of attention modules varies across different datasets. Additionally, hyperparameter settings significantly impact the performance of attention modules, complicating the selection of the appropriate module. To fill the current research gap regarding the performance of attention modules in crack recognition, this study investigates five highly cited attention modules across three datasets with different styles. By setting nine combinations of learning rates and batch sizes, we conducted 135 comparative experiments. Precision, Recall, F1‐score, and mIoU were used as evaluation metrics to analyze the recognition accuracy and loss curve convergence of each attention module. Parameters, frames per second (FPS), and floating‐point operations per second (FLOPs) were used to compare the computational efficiency of each module. The results indicate that channel attention (CA), bottleneck attention module (BAM), and convolutional block attention module (CBAM) outperform dual attention (DA) and self‐attention (SA) in crack recognition and resistance to interference. The modules achieve good convergence with learning rate and batch size combinations of 1 × 10−4/4, 1 × 10−4/8, and 1 × 10−4/16. We recommend using 1 × 10−4/4 as the initial hyperparameter setting in future work. Although DA and SA have higher parameter counts compared to CA, BAM, and CBAM, the FPS and FLOPs values of each module show minimal differences when the batch size is the same.
Epistaxis and Intradural–Extramedullary Haemorrhage in a Dog With Steroid Responsive Meningitis‐Arteritis
Authors: Aravindan Arajeane , Ferreira Alexandra
Published: January 2025

A 2‐year‐old female entire Golden Retriever with a history of being subdued was seen. Her physical and neurological examinations were initially unremarkable, but she acutely progressed to non‐ambulatory paraparesis, with absent cervical or thoracolumbar hyperaesthesia. Magnetic resonance imaging of the vertebral column was performed, showing a well‐defined, intradural–extramedullary mass at the level of the caudal aspect of L2 causing right‐sided ventrolateral marked cord compression. The lesion was T2W hyperintense and mildly hyperintense on T1W images. The signal intensity pattern of this lesion suggested the presence of an early stage hyperacute hemorrhagic process. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected from the cisterna magna. CSF analysis exhibited a marked mixed pleocytosis with a slight neutrophilic predominance and elevated protein content. Due to the dog going from being ambulatory to non‐ambulatory paraparetic with absent postural reactions in her pelvic limbs, surgery was performed to allow decompression of the spinal cord. A hemilaminectomy with durotomy was performed. Over the course of the dog's hospitalisation, she had two episodes of left‐sided epistaxis which resolved with local application of adrenaline. Seven days post‐operatively, the dog was discharged being non‐ambulatory paraparetic with voluntary movement in both pelvic limbs. Three months after discharge, the dog was ambulatory with no ataxia noted in the pelvic limbs. As there is no current definitive diagnostic test for steroid responsive meningitis‐arteritis (SRMA) available, the diagnosis of it in this case is supported by the dog's signalment, bloodwork, CSF analysis and response to corticosteroid therapy. This report details a rare clinical presentation, including epistaxis, intradural–extramedullary haemorrhage and absence of cervical or thoracolumbar hyperaesthesia, in a dog diagnosed with suspected SRMA.
Introduction on Development, Maturation, and Vulnerability of the Neonatal Brain and Factors Contributing to Injury
Authors: Meijler Gerda , Mohammad Khorshid
Published: January 2025

The newborn brain is still very immature and undergoes rapid and essential changes.

These changes include impressive growth, gyration, and sulcation (folding of the brain surface), myelination (the formation of an insulating layer around the nerve cell extensions), and the formation and pruning of connections between nerve cells and between brain structures.

Because of this rapid brain development, the newborn brain is vulnerable to injury. This is especially true for babies born too early (preterm, prematurely), as many brain maturational processes that normally take place within the protective environment of the womb need to take place in an extra-uterine hospital environment.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Authors: Martinez-Biarge Miriam , Cowan Frances M.
Published: January 2025

Brain MRI has become a standard diagnostic and prognostic technique in neonatal care. Although clinicians do not need to understand all the technical aspects of MRI and how to interpret images, it is important to know when MRI is indicated and what information we can expect to obtain. It is also important to understand the information provided in radiological reports and be able to use it in combination with other clinical data and be conversant with data on imaging relationships to outcomes in different disorders in order to optimize diagnosis and prognosis. Finally, clinicians need to be able to communicate this information to parents in a way that is understandable to them.

This chapter provides an overview of the sequences most commonly used in neonatal MRI, their uses and indications, and how the main brain structures are seen on MRI, in normal and abnormal situations.
Neurophysiological Monitoring
Authors: El-Dib Mohamed , de Vries Linda S.
Published: January 2025

EEG (electroencephalogram) is utilized to detect cortical cerebral electric activity. In neonates, both conventional EEG (cEEG) and a simplified form known as amplitude-integrated EEG (aEEG) hold significant value. Prolonged continuous EEG is recommended in high-risk scenarios and has been associated with improved seizure identification and outcomes. While aEEG aids in seizure detection, cEEG remains the gold standard for diagnosing seizures in neonates. aEEG is employed as a bedside tool for selecting infants with neonatal encephalopathy for therapeutic hypothermia, while both aEEG and cEEG are valuable for prognostication. Continuous EEG monitoring further improves seizure detection and outcome prediction for extremely preterm infants and critically ill infants. Utilization of neurophysiological monitoring in the NICU can be enhanced by the emerging automated analysis algorithms.
Arterial Infarction in Preterm Infants
Authors: Steggerda Sylke J. , Cowan Frances M.
Published: January 2025

Arterial infarction (also called arterial ischemic stroke) is not uncommon in preterm infants and may occur antenatally, around the time of birth, and during the neonatal period, particularly in relation to episodes of sickness and interventions. Very often the onset of the stroke is not accompanied by specific symptoms, so awareness that stroke may occur in the preterm population is important and regular cranial ultrasound scanning is needed for early detection. The lesions tend to affect the central gray matter (known as perforator strokes) but are not limited to this region. As with term-born infants, the site of the lesion and whether the cortico-spinal tract is involved are very important for prognosis, and this is best defined from an MRI scan. Early detection is important for planning therapies and long-term follow-up.
Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) in Term and Near-Term Infants
Authors: Mohammad Khorshid , de Vries Linda S. , Meijler Gerda , Cowan Frances M.
Published: January 2025

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) remains a major burden for infants, their families, and society all over the world, while the incidence of HIE has fallen slightly in high-income countries (HICs) that is not the situation in many poorer economic environments. Still, in many cases, a clear cause for and the timing of the insult remains unclear. The introduction of therapeutic cooling in HICs for moderate and severe HIE has resulted in better early recognition of encephalopathy, better monitoring with EEG, and an emphasis on optimal early management with early seizure treatments and outcome prediction. In turn, this has led to significant improvements in outcomes though some infants still have moderate to severe long-term problems affecting all developmental domains and some do not survive. Studies remain in progress as to whether mild HIE should be treated with cooling, whether cooling should be used in different clinical settings, and whether additional neuroprotective agents can further improve outcome.

Nowadays most children in HICs survive with good early outcomes, but data from school-age follow-up has allowed much better recognition of more subtle but significant longer-term problems affecting memory, cognition, and minor motor skills, making long-term follow-up essential. MR brain imaging remains the best individual modality for outcome prediction.
Influence of the OECD Guidelines and Jurisprudence in the Legislative Process of the EU Directive on Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence
Authors: Feigerlová Monika
Published: January 2025

The EU Directive on Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence (CS3D) has established a legal obligation for large companies to conduct due diligence in their operations and value chains to prevent and address adverse impacts on human rights and the environment. The CS3D builds on and seeks to align with international due diligence standards on business and human rights, including the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises on Responsible Business Conduct. This paper examines the extent to which the OECD Guidelines played a role in the legislative process of the CS3D. By analysing the travaux préparatoires of the CS3D, the interactions between these two instruments will be identified. The findings may also help to understand the relevance of the OECD jurisprudence to the interpretation and implementation of the CS3D in the future, particularly in those EU Member States whose governments have adhered to the OECD Guidelines, in relation to the failure of corporate behaviour to comply with human rights and environmental due diligence.
Inclusive Approaches for Inclusive Cities: Exploring Older Adults’ Mobility in the United Kingdom
Authors: Lowe Thomas A. , Sattari Zeinab
Published: January 2025

As urbanization in most countries grows, inequalities become more prevalent throughout the populations.
Dementia-Informed Policy and Practice for Social Well-Being in Groningen and Nearby Villages in the Netherlands
Authors: Sturge Jodi
Published: January 2025

As the global population ages and expectancy increases, there is a significant projected rise in dementia cases. Recognizing this trend, the World Health Organization (WHO) has prioritized dementia as a global public health concern.
Racialization and Counter-Actions in COVID-19 Times: Experiences Among Asians in the Netherlands
Authors: Leung Maggi W. H. , Hao Yanbo , Bilgili Özge , Dolphijn Rick
Published: January 2025

As the Coronavirus makes its way across the globe, stigmatisation, prejudice and discrimination have also made their marks in many parts of the world. Reports on physical or verbal assault on people of Chinese/East and Southeast Asian appearance, among others, are abundant, also in the multicultural cities of Europe. In the Netherlands, large cities have been found to witness more discrimination incidents than their surrounding urban and rural areas. Racialised aggression does not only take place in physical places, but also in digital spaces. Stigmatised communities and their alliance have stood up to raise awareness of and protested against racism, both in urban public spaces and through online campaigns. As such, the Covid-19 pandemic has given a stage for racialised discourses and aggressions, contestations of in/exclusion, as well as counter-racism activism. Drawing on news and social media content analyses, observations as well as qualitative interviews conducted with people of Chinese/East and Southeast Asian appearance in multicultural cities in the Netherlands, we document the experiences connected to Corona-racism with the strategies in dealing with it. Our findings draw attention to the intersectional and transnationalised experiences of our interviewees, highlighting the need to go beyond native-migrant, majority-minority, here- there dichotomies. Our findings also underline the conflating nature of on- and offline racialisation and counter-actions. Through mapping out the traces of two protests in Amsterdam, we also show how Covid-related counter-actions have taken and created urban and digital spaces, which constitute the broader anti-injustice landscape in the Netherlands and beyond.
Food on Display: Connecting Home (Land) and Identity Negotiation of the Rohingya Refugees in Brisbane City
Authors: Aziz Abdul
Published: January 2025

This study explores how Rohingya refugees in Brisbane utilize food practices as a manifestation of their ethnic identity and citizenship. It also demonstrates how food culture serves as a strategy for connecting with both community members (insiders) and individuals from different cultural backgrounds (outsiders). By introducing the concept of ‘food on display,’ this chapter integrates offline and online food practices, providing a comprehensive overview and deeper insights into the place-based lived experiences and survival strategies of forced migrants in the context of exile and statelessness. Overall, the study highlights how these food practices foster a sense of agency and belonging, contributing to emerging research on urban social justice, migration inclusion, and inclusive cities.
By & for: Welcoming and Inclusive Spaces at De Voorkamer in Utrecht, the Netherlands
Authors: Raviv Shay , van der Mijl Pim , Leung Maggi W. H.
Published: January 2025

Contrasting the politics and narratives of Fortress Europe, hundreds of thousands of people have taken to the streets across Europe to delcare “#WeHaveSpace” for refugees and other newcomers. Social activists (defined broadly) have co-created—often only after fighting uphill battles—diverse spaces where newcomers can feel welcomed and participate in building new futures together with the local communities. This chapter reflects on one of these welcoming spaces, namely, De Voorkamer (“The Front Room”) in Utrecht, the Netherlands. We illustrate the strategies used by the community for maintaining and redefining their meeting space. We reflect on the importance of location, place, and space in De Voorkamer’s work from social design and socio-cultural geography perspectives. Finally, we offer some critical thoughts on the ongoing challenges of welcoming initiatives such as De Voorkamer in creating sustainable (as in long-lasting and futureproofed) inclusive spaces.
HabitARTE Program in Bogotá: From Art-Based Placemaking to Embellishment Projects—Can Color Transform a Place and Enhance Inclusion?
Authors: Kessler Silja , Hernández-García Jaime
Published: January 2025

It is widely assumed that placemaking can be a powerful driver of urban regeneration, bringing significant social.
Building Climate-Resilient Communities Through Water-Sensitive Public Space Design and Activation: Public Parks Program in Bucaramanga, Colombia
Authors: Marino Raul , Vargas Elkin , Acevedo Iván , Medina Mayerly , Riveros Alejandra
Published: January 2025

This article explores the innovative integration of water-sensitive design in public spaces as a strategy for enhancing climate resilience in Bucaramanga, Colombia. It focuses on the city’s Public Parks Program, which aims to transform underutilized areas into multifunctional green spaces that effectively manage water resources while promoting community engagement. As urban areas face increasing challenges from climate change, such as flooding and water scarcity, this initiative serves as a case study in utilizing nature-based solutions to mitigate environmental risks. The research highlights the program’s design principles, which prioritize the incorporation of sustainable drainage systems, permeable surfaces, and native vegetation to improve stormwater management and enhance biodiversity. By analyzing various parks within the program, the article illustrates how these designs not only reduce urban heat and improve air quality but also foster social cohesion and community well-being. Community activation efforts, including workshops and participatory planning, are examined, demonstrating the importance of local involvement in the design process and the creation of spaces that reflect the needs and values of residents. Key findings reveal that water-sensitive public spaces can significantly contribute to climate adaptation by improving urban resilience, enhancing aesthetic value, and promoting inclusive community interaction. This article ultimately advocates for the scaling of such initiatives in similar urban contexts, arguing that strategic design and community engagement are essential for building climate-resilient cities.
Popular Control and Social Movements: When Local Civil Societies Mobilize in Support of Migrants’ Demands for Human Rights
Authors: Trasciani Giorgia
Published: January 2025

Often perceived as a threat to employment, public order and safety, immigration is still a high priority on the political agenda of the European Union Members States. However, even because conceived as a concession, little is said about the quality of reception for asylum seekers, and the respect for their rights. This work focuses specifically on the reception systems of two cities, Marseille, and Naples, and how civil society, tired of silently observing the harassment suffered by migrants, organised in order to support migrants’ struggles, asking for a decent service of reception and integration. Based on semi-structured interviews with local social movements, associations and different members of civil society, this work aims to shed light on acts of solidarity that take place daily in our cities, contrasting the selective migration policy and the increasingly privatised service of reception promoted by national public authorities.
Conclusion: The Inclusive Future of Global Urban Transformation
Authors: Otsuki Kei , Bailey Ajay
Published: January 2025

This chapter concludes that the concept of inclusive city merits attention in the theorizations and imaginations about the rapid urban transformations occurring worldwide. We highlight the importance of having translocal, sensitivity towards vulnerability, and long-term perspectives, as we hope to generate future discussions on how to ensure inclusive city making by paying attention to intersectionalities, infrastructures and sustainable development globally.
Urban Ecologies in the Indian Subcontinent: Rethinking Resilience in the Context of Crisis
Authors: Varghese Mathew A.
Published: January 2025

The dominant urban forms emanate from the need for capital to flow loose while labor and life is kept controlled or put in place. Across India, cities have exemplified accumulations by dispossession of ecological niches and human settlements. The new urban plans and smart cities, post 2000, exaggerate changing geographies, land acquisition, and associated rise in land values. The chapter problematizes urban infrastructural plans that portray spaces as empty, or terra nullius, without specific associations, histories, and relationships in habitats. Urban processes and ecological transformations conceal within itself the metabolic relationships between living and the nonliving in ecologies or, in other words, the complex entanglements. The metabolic rifts that Marx talked about become stark in contingent contexts, like disasters, pandemics, or socio-economic catastrophes. In the Indian sub-continent, the floods, COVID-19, and demonetization exemplify such scenarios. The top-down imagination of ecologies like ecological infrastructure, with the add-on provisions to provide capital to corporates, has already resulted in the biggest socio-ecological disasters in the sub-continent. I look specifically into how ecologies of systemic violence can get exacerbated by ecologies of disaster in the form of diseases. Urban spaces in the contemporary times have demonstrated that it is not the virus itself that kills, but it works in synergy with the uneven terrains and absence of care. The chapter also problematizes the idea of resilience to deal with shocks. The idea of resilience became globalized through modes of urbanization as exemplified in resilient cities, competitive urbanism, smart cities, and algorithmic governance. The language and practice of resilience celebrates individual stories of adaptation as if this was a choice. It never addresses the need for fundamental transformations of the conditions that give rise to shocks and crises.
Public Transportation for a Livable and Competitive City: People Expectations and Reality in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Shanawez , Ahamed Raihan
Published: January 2025

Over the past 25 years, the city has experienced a significant population increase of more than 10 million people, presenting a considerable challenge due to its limited capacity. As a result, the livability of the city has been declining, with various issues affecting its quality of life. Among these challenges, the poor quality of public transport stands out.
Including Women’s Voices in Resettlement Processes: The Experiences of Kinawataka Women in the Kampala–Jinja Express Development Project
Authors: Kisembo Teddy , Otsuki Kei
Published: January 2025

The Kampala–Jinja Expressway is one of five infrastructural development mega-projects that the Government of Uganda launched as an essential part of Uganda’s second National Development Plan 2015–2020. This Plan aims to “strengthen Uganda’s competitiveness for sustainable wealth creation, inclusive growth and job creation”. However, this Expressway entails displacement of informal settlements in Kampala and women in the settlements are especially affected. Yet, the women’s voices are not sufficiently included in the resettlement planning and studies on displacement and resettlement. This chapter presents a case study of women’s participation in negotiations about displacement and resettlement and identifies how to meaningfully include women’s voices in infrastructure planning.
On the Structure of Multivariate Gabor Systems and a Result on Gaussian Gabor Frames
Authors: Gjertsen Michael , Luef Franz
Published: January 2025

We introduce an equivalence relation on the set of lattices in

$${\mathbb {R}}^{2d}$$

R

2
d

such that equivalent lattices support identical structures of Gabor systems, up to unitary equivalence—a notion we define. These equivalence classes are parameterized by symplectic forms on

$${\mathbb {R}}^{2d}$$

R

2
d

and they consist of lattices related by symplectic transformations. This implies that

$$2d^2 - d$$

2

d
2

-
d

parameters suffice to describe the possible structures of Gabor systems over lattices in

$${\mathbb {R}}^{2d}$$

R

2
d

, as opposed to the

$$4d^2$$

4

d
2

degrees of freedom in the choice of lattice. We also prove that (modulo a minor complication related to complex conjugation) symplectic transformations are the only linear transformations of the time-frequency plane which implement equivalences of this kind, thereby characterizing symplectic transformations as the structure-preserving transformations of the time-frequency plane in the context of Gabor analysis. In addition, we investigate the equivalence classes that have separable lattices

$$A_1 {\mathbb {Z}}^d\times A_2 {\mathbb {Z}}^d$$

A
1

Z

d

×

A
2

Z

d

as representatives and find that the parameter space in this case is

$$d^2$$

d
2

-dimensional. We provide an explicit example showing that non-separable lattices with irrational lattice points can behave exactly like separable and rational ones. This approach also allows us to formulate and prove a higher-dimensional variant of the Lyubarskii-Seip-Wallstén Theorem for Gaussian Gabor frames. This gives us, for a large class of lattices in

$${\mathbb {R}}^{2d}$$

R

2
d

(including all symplectic ones), necessary and sufficient conditions for d-parameter families of Gaussians to generate Gabor frames.
Augmented und Virtual Reality in der Chirurgie: Einsatzgebiete und explorative Studien am Beispiel von VIVATOP
Authors: Weyhe Dirk , Hartmann Verena , Uslar Verena , Tabriz Navid
Published: January 2025

Digitale Technologien wie Virtual und Augmented Reality (VR/AR) werden in der präklinischen und klinischen Phase vor allem in der Neurochirurgie sowie in der Orthopädie angewendet. Dagegen ist in der Viszeralchirurgie die Anwendung seltener, da die intraoperativen Deformationen herausfordernd für den klinischen Einsatz sind. Vor allem in der Aus- und Weiterbildung werden VR-Anwendungen erfolgreich eingesetzt. Neben aktuellen Anwendungsgebieten beleuchtet dieser Beitrag Ergebnisse des Projekts VIVATOP (Vielseitiger Immersiver Virtueller und Augmentierter Tangible OP) des Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF). Hier wurden AR- und VR-Technologien in Kombination mit 3‑D-Druck als Demonstratoren neu- bzw. weiterentwickelt. Es erfolgte die Entwicklung eines VR-Planungswerkzeugs zur Leberteilresektion, die Entwicklung von 3‑D-Hologrammen zur intraoperativen AR-Unterstützung und eine Avatartelemedizinfunktion sowie ein 3‑D-Druck-Trainingsmodell. Die klinischen Ergebnisse der intraoperativen AR-Unterstützung mit dem primären Endpunkt Operationsdauer und den sekundären Endpunkten Krankenhaus- und Intensivaufenthalt sowie Komplikationsraten werden mit einer historischen Kohorte verglichen und die Ergebnisse kontextualisiert.
An extra pair of eyes: adopting innovative approaches to detect integrity issues in Naunyn–Schmiedeberg’s Archives of Pharmacology
Authors: van Diest Ruben A. , Seifert Roland , van der Heyden Marcel A. G.
Published: January 2025

Scientific integrity has been increasingly challenged by scientific misconduct and paper mills, resulting in an increase in retractions. Naunyn–Schmiedeberg’s Archives of Pharmacology has been significantly impacted by fraudulent submissions, resulting in numerous retractions. By analyzing retraction notes and utilizing a post-publication surveillance strategy, this editorial discusses how this journal continues to deal with problematic publications, uncovers image- and physiological-related integrity issues, and responds to fraudulent activity. By adopting innovative methods to detect integrity issues and transparently communicating our concerns, we aim to increase awareness among scientists and scientific journals.