bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intra-abdominal lymphatic tuberculosis as a rare case of small intestine volvulus
Authors: Konstantara Filitsa , Stamopoulou Sotiria , Gkegkes Ioannis D , Kotrogiannis Ioannis , Fotiou Eleftherios , Papazacharias Christos , Paraskevopoulos Ioannis A , Filippou Dimitrios , Skandalakis Panagiotis
Published: April 2019

Tuberculosis used to be uncommon in the developed countries but seems to be still on rampant in developing countries. However, there seems to be an increasing occurrence in the developed countries too mainly due to low living conditions, increased migration, HIV immune-compromisation and inappropriate use of antitubercular drugs. Lymphatic tuberculosis is the second commonest extrapulmonary location of tuberculosis followed by genitourinary, bone and joint, miliary, meningeal and abdominal. Abdominal tuberculosis represents nearly 11%–16% of all extrapulmonary tuberculosis locations. Furthermore, abdominal tuberculosis co-exists with pulmonary tuberculosis in 10%–30% of patients. Abdominal tuberculosis remains difficult to diagnose due to non-specific symptoms, variable anatomical locations and lack of specific sensitive diagnostic tools. Diagnosis can be rarely suspected, especially in cases of isolated abdominal tuberculosis without clinical or radiological findings. We present a rare case of a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis combined with intra-abdominal lymphatic tuberculosis causing small intestine volvulus.
Current cancer situation in China: good or bad news from the 2018 Global Cancer Statistics?
Authors: Feng Rui‐Mei , Zong Yi‐Nan , Cao Su‐Mei , Xu Rui‐Hua
Published: April 2019

Cancer is the leading cause of death in China and depicting the cancer pattern of China would provide basic knowhows on how to tackle it more effectively. In this study we have reviewed several reports of cancer burden, including the Global cancer statistics 2018 and Cancer statistics in China, 2015, along with the GLOBCAN 2018 online database, to investigate the differences of cancer patterns between China, the United States (USA) and the United Kingdom (UK). An estimated 4.3 million new cancer cases and 2.9 million new cancer deaths occurred in China in 2018. Compared to the USA and UK, China has lower cancer incidence but a 30% and 40% higher cancer mortality than the UK and USA, among which 36.4% of the cancer‐related deaths were from the digestive tract cancers (stomach, liver, and esophagus cancer) and have relatively poorer prognoses. In comparison, the digestive cancer deaths only took up ≤ 5% of the total cancer deaths in either USA or UK. Other reasons for the higher mortality in China may be the low rate of early‐stage cancers at diagnosis and non‐uniformed clinical cancer treatment strategies performed by different regions. China is undergoing the cancer transition stage where the cancer spectrum is changing from developing country to developed country, with a rapidly increase cancer burden of colorectal, prostate, female breast cancers in addition to a high occurrence of infection‐related and digestive cancers. The incidence of westernized lifestyle‐related cancers in China (i.e. colorectal cancer, prostate, bladder cancer) has risen but the incidence of the digestive cancers has decreased from 2000 to 2011. An estimated 40% of the risk factors can be attributed to environmental and lifestyle factors either in China or other developed countries. Tobacco smoking is the single most important carcinogenic risk factor in China, contributing to ~ 24.5% of cancers in males. Chronic infection is another important preventable cancer contributor which is responsible for ~ 17% of cancers. Comprehensive prevention and control strategies in China should include effective tobacco‐control policy, recommendations for healthier lifestyles, along with enlarging the coverage of effective screening, educating, and vaccination programs to better sensitize greater awareness control to the general public.
Adenosine and hyaluronan promote lung fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension in combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema
Authors: Collum Scott D. , Molina Jose G. , Hanmandlu Ankit , Bi Weizhen , Pedroza Mesias , Mertens Tinne C. J. , Wareing Nancy , Wei Wang , Wilson Cory , Sun Wenchao , Rajadas Jayakumar , Bollyky Paul L. , Philip Kemly M. , Ren Dewei , Thandavarayan Rajarajan A. , Bruckner Brian A. , Xia Yang , Blackburn Michael R. , Karmouty-Quintana Harry
Published: April 2019

Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) is a syndrome that predominantly affects male smokers or ex-smokers and it has a mortality rate of 55% and a median survival of 5 years. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a frequently fatal complication of CPFE. Despite this dismal prognosis, no curative therapies exist for patients with CPFE outside of lung transplantation and no therapies are recommended to treat PH. This highlights the need to develop novel treatment approaches for CPFE. Studies from our group have demonstrated that both adenosine and its receptor ADORA2B are elevated in chronic lung diseases. Activation of ADORA2B leads to elevated levels of hyaluronan synthases (HAS) and increased hyaluronan, a glycosaminoglycan that contributes to chronic lung injury. We hypothesize that ADORA2B and hyaluronan contribute to CPFE. Using isolated CPFE lung tissue, we characterized expression levels of ADORA2B and HAS. Next, using a unique mouse model of experimental lung injury that replicates features of CPFE, namely airspace enlargement, PH and fibrotic deposition, we investigated whether 4MU, a HAS inhibitor, was able to inhibit features of CPFE. Increased protein levels of ADORA2B and HAS3 were detected in CPFE and in our experimental model of CPFE. Treatment with 4MU was able to attenuate PH and fibrosis but not airspace enlargement. This was accompanied by a reduction of HAS3-positive macrophages. We have generated pre-clinical data demonstrating the capacity of 4MU, an FDA-approved drug, to attenuate features of CPFE in an experimental model of chronic lung injury.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Behavioral Economics and the Atheoretical Style
Authors: Spiegler Ran
Published: April 2019

Behavioral economics is widely perceived to be part of the profession’s shift away from a culture that places abstract theory at its center. I present a critical discussion of the atheoretical style with which “behavioral” themes are often disseminated: a purely anecdotal cost-benefit modeling in pieces that target a wide audience of academic economists, and the practice of capturing psychological forces by distorting familiar functional forms. I argue that the subject of “ psychology and economics” is intrinsically foundational, and that a heavier dose of abstract theorizing is essential for it to realize its transformative potential. (JEL B40, D90)
Partners or Strangers? Cooperation, Monetary Trade, and the Choice of Scale of Interaction
Authors: Bigoni Maria , Camera Gabriele , Casari Marco
Published: April 2019

We show that monetary exchange facilitates the transition from small to large-scale economic interactions. In an experiment, subjects chose to play an “intertemporal cooperation game” either in partnerships or in groups of strangers where payoffs could be higher. Theoretically, a norm of mutual support is sufficient to maximize efficiency through large-scale cooperation. Empirically, absent a monetary system, participants were reluctant to interact on a large scale; and when they did, efficiency plummeted compared to partnerships because cooperation collapsed. This failure was reversed only when a stable monetary system endogenously emerged: the institution of money mitigated strategic uncertainty problems. (JEL C71, C73, E42)
Establishment of Grid Connected Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant on Rooftop of CSIR- Staff Quarter Building - Scientific and Industrial Research Scientist Apartment (SIRSA)
Authors: RAY ASHOK KUMAR , ROY SUJOY , GHOSH SUSAPTA
Published: April 2019

This paper highlights the recenttrends followed by CSIR- Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute (CGCRI) in establishing Solar Photo-Voltaic Power Plants. This work is aimed at meeting up the conventional energy scarcity at CSIR-CGCRI, SIRSA Campus and developing clean/green energy in order to compensate the global challenges of energy scarcity, climate change and renewable energy development.Abiding by the scheme of Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) under the aegis ofMinistry of New & Renewable Energy (MNRE), CSIR-CGCRI has implemented Solar Roof-top Grid connected Power Plant at SIRSA Residential staff quarter since February 2014 with the capacity of 37.5KWp (as per agreement). From September 2017, CSIR-CGCRI hasfurther enhanced the capacity to 100.5KWp (as per agreement). Results revealed that there is a stable growth of solar power energy generation. Keeping this in mind, the work pertains to the basic objectives of achieving reduction in carbon food printin line with clean energy generation which leads to reduction in air-pollution and global warmingand at the same time conservation of conventional resources, which is getting reduced day-by-day.Nevertheless, the solar energy generated would eventually lessen the amount of energy purchased from the local Distribution Company (DISCOM) which would benefit our organisation economically.
Tensile, Thermal and Moisture Absorption Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) / Bengkuang (Pachyrhizus erosus) Starch Blend Films
Authors: ASROFI MOCHAMAD , DWILAKSANA DEDI , ABRAL HAIRUL , FAJRUL RAHMAT
Published: April 2019

This paper described the tensile, thermal, and moisture absorption characteristic of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) / bengkuang (Pachyrhizuserosus) starch blend films. The film was produced through the solution casting method. Tensile, thermogravimetric analysis and moisture test were studied to determine the tensile strength, thermal stability, and moisture absorption, respectively. The highest tensile strength (TS) was 15.86 ± 0.69 MPa for pure PVA film. This result was higher than bengkuang starch and its blends film. Tensile elongation (TE) decreased as increased bengkuang starch content in PVA. The thermal degradation of PVA film was higher 10°C than bengkuang starch films in range temperature 200-380°C. The addition of bengkuang starch in PVA also increased moisture absorption. The highest moisture absorption was in the bengkuang starch film. This blend film’s tensile, thermal, and moisture properties probably suggested it could be suitable for food packaging.
The ‘Prioritizing Safety for Sex Workers Policy’: A sex worker rights and anti-trafficking initiative
Authors: Lutnick Dr Alexandra
Published: April 2019

This article presents a case study of how sex worker and anti-trafficking organisations and activists in San Francisco, California, worked together to develop and pass the ‘Prioritizing Safety for Sex Workers Policy’. This policy, as enacted by the San Francisco District Attorney’s Office and the San Francisco Police Department, creates a legal environment where people can come forward and report to law enforcement when they are a victim of or witness to an array of violent crimes while engaged in sex work, and not be arrested or prosecuted for their involvement in that criminalised behaviour or for any misdemeanour drug offences. The article details how the groups came together and the challenges they faced while developing the policy. The work was fuelled by the recognition that no one wants people in the sex industry to experience violence. That is true whether selling sex is their choice, influenced by their life circumstances, or something they are being forced or coerced to do. The Prioritizing Safety for Sex Workers Policy is a unique example of the way in which sex workers, people who have experienced trafficking, service providers, activists, women’s rights policymakers, the police department, and the District Attorney’s office came together around a common goal.
Modified Biginelli Reaction: Synthesis of Pyrimidoquinoline Derivatives
Authors: NADARAJ V. , SELVI S. THAMARAI , ABIRAMI M.
Published: April 2019

Compounds having quinolone and pyrimidine skeleton plays an important role in the medicinal chemistry. The objective of the present work was to modify the Biginelli reaction by using heterocylic ketones under microwave condition. We have demonstrated new synthetic route of quinolone fused 1,4-dipyrimidines by the reaction of 6-methyl-4-hyrdoxyquinolin-2(1H)-one (1), substituted aromatic aldehydes (2a-g) with phenyl urea (3). The structure of these newly synthesized compounds was characterized IR, NMR, Mass spectral and elemental analysis.
A Convenient Synthesis of Antimony Nanorods using 1,2,4,5-Benzenetetracarboxylic Acid
Authors: SHOOTO NTAOTE DAVID
Published: April 2019

1,2,4,5-Benzenetetracarboxylic acid (H4Btec) is an ideal candidate for the synthesis of new coordination polymers compounds because of its four carboxyl groups bridging moieties with antimony ions having distorted coordination configuration. This work reports a new compound of coordination polymer, namely, [Sb2(C4H4O6)2(Btec)(H2O)]n, [(C4H4O6)2 = tartrate and Btec4− = 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic anion] has been synthesized under reflux. The physical and chemical properties of coordination polymers; Sb2(C4H4O6)2(Btec)(H2O) was affirmed by scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetric analyses and photoluminescence spectroscopy.
Synthesis and Characterization of 2-Phenylpyrazoline Derivatives and Evaluation of their
Activities against Antimicrobial and Breast Cancer Cell Line in vitro and in silico Studies
Authors: CHINNAMANAYAKAR RAJA , EZHILARASI M.R.
Published: April 2019

The new series of 2-phenylpyrazoline derivatives (2a-j) were synthesized and evaluated for their antimicrobial, in silico and in vitro anticancer activity was performed by MTT assay using MDA-MB-231 (human breast adenocarcinoma) cell line. The 2-phenylpyrazoline derivatives (2a-j) were obtained by the cyclization of chalcones with phenylhydrazine hydrochloride. Synthesized compounds were confirmed using FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectral data. Molecular docking studies were carried out using Auto Dock Tool version 1.5.6 and Auto dock version 4.2.5.1 docking program. in silico Docking study, compound 2d showed good binding score and good binding interaction with selected bacterial proteins and breast cancer protein. Based on this result, compound 2d was performed the anticancer activity by MTT assay method. From this result, compound 2d shown the LC50 value is 185.30 ± 1. 469 μg/mL. From the antibacterial activity compound 2i (2,3-dichloro substituted 2-pyrazoline derivative) showed a good zone of inhibition at high concentration (100 mg/mL) as compared to other derivatives (2a-j) and compound 2c (fluoro substituted 2-phenylpyrazoline derivative) showed a good zone of inhibition at low concentration (25 mg/mL) compared to other derivative (2a-j).
A Combined Experimental (FT-IR) and Computational Studies of 9-Chloroanthracene
Authors: SRIKANTH KATTAESWAR , KONAKANCHI RAMAIAH , PRASHANTH JYOTHI
Published: April 2019

The experimental FT-IR spectral analysis of 9-chloroanthracene has worked out by using density functional theory (DFT). The optimized molecular structure and minimum energy of 9-chloroanthracene has analyzed using DFT/B3LYP functional employing 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. The vibrational frequencies along with IR intensities were computed, scaling was used for a better fit between the experimental and computed frequencies, they agreed with rms error 8.48 cm-1 for 9-chloroanthracene. The NLO behaviour of the molecule is investigated from first-order hyperpolarizability. The HOMO and LUMO energies are evaluated to demonstrate the chemical stability, reactivity of molecule. The MESP over the molecules were plotted to evaluate electron density regions and thermodynamic parameters are calculated. Hyper conjugative interactions and charge delocalization of the molecule study from NBO analysis and Fukui functions are evaluated for 9-chloroanthracene. The molecular docking studies were performed against anticancer protein targets Tyrosinase and HER2.
Activated T-Follicular Helper 2 Cells Are Associated With Disease Activity in IgG4-Related Sclerosing Cholangitis and Pancreatitis
Authors: Cargill Tamsin , Makuch Mateusz , Sadler Ross , Lighaam Laura C. , Peters Rory , van Ham Marieke , Klenerman Paul , Bateman Adrian , Rispens Theo , Barnes Eleanor , Culver Emma L.
Published: April 2019

OBJECTIVES:

Immunoglobulin G4-related sclerosing cholangitis (IgG4-SC) and autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) are characterized by an abundance of circulating and tissue IgG4-positive plasma cells. T-follicular helper (Tfh) cells are necessary for B-cell differentiation into plasma cells. We aimed at elucidating the presence and phenotype of Tfh cells and their relationship with disease activity in IgG4-SC/AIP.

METHODS:

Circulating Tfh-cell subsets were characterized by multiparametric flow cytometry in IgG4-SC/AIP (n = 18), disease controls with primary sclerosing cholangitis (n = 8), and healthy controls (HCs, n = 9). Tissue Tfh cells were characterized in IgG4-SC/AIP (n = 12) and disease control (n = 10) specimens. Activated PD1+ Tfh cells were cocultured with CD27+ memory B cells to assess their capacity to support B-cell differentiation. Disease activity was assessed using the IgG4–responder index and clinical parameters.

RESULTS:

Activated circulating PD-1+CXCR5+ Tfh cells were expanded in active vs inactive IgG4-SC/AIP, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and HC (P < 0.01), with enhanced PD-1 expression on all Tfh-cell subsets (Tfh1, P = 0.003; Tfh2, P = 0.0006; Th17, P = 0.003). Expansion of CD27+CD38+CD19lo plasmablasts in active disease vs HC (P = 0.01) correlated with the PD-1+ Tfh2 subset (r = 0.69, P = 0.03). Increased IL-4 and IL-21 cytokine production from stimulated cells of IgG4-SC/AIP, important in IgG4 class switch and proliferation, correlated with PD-1+ Tfh2 (r = 0.89, P = 0.02) and PD-1+ Tfh17 (r = 0.83, P = 0.03) subsets. Coculture of PD1+ Tfh with CD27+ B cells induced higher IgG4 expression than with PD1− Tfh (P = 0.008). PD-1+ Tfh2 cells were strongly associated with clinical markers of disease activity: sIgG4 (r = 0.70, P = 0.002), sIgE (r = 0.66, P = 0.006), and IgG4–responder index (r = 0.60, P = 0.006). Activated CXCR5+ Tfh cells homed to lymphoid follicles in IgG4-SC/AIP tissues.

CONCLUSIONS:

Circulating and tissue-activated Tfh cells are expanded in IgG4-SC/AIP, correlate with disease activity, and can drive class switch and proliferation of IgG4-committed B cells. PD1+ Tfh2 cells may be a biomarker of active disease and a potential target for immunotherapy.
Liberia: A Colonized Nation and the Role of English in that Process
Authors: Ballah Henryatta L.
Published: April 2019

One hundred and ninety-seven years since the first black settlers settled in Liberia in 1822, the country’s historical past remains unsettled. How to categorize the interactions between the settlers/descendants and the indigenous peoples—and what to make of such interactions—remains a major debate among Liberianists. The major contention centers on the issue of whether or not Liberia can be considered a colonized society. This article engages with this debate by carefully examining the historical record, especially the official use of language in the construction of a unique social, cultural, political, and linguistic identity that privileged the settlers over the indigenous populations, to show that contrary to the dominant perspective among historians, Liberia should be classified among the colonized societies of West Africa.
The Wild Bunch: Cowboy Clubs, Gangs, and Societies in Nigeria
Authors: Schulze Katrin
Published: April 2019

Half a century after the release of Django, Sergio Corbucci’s eponymous hero still traverses Nigeria painted on the tailgates of lorries—an enduring testament to a fascination with the Cowboy that took root among Nigerian youths in the 1920s. It found its most hotly debated expression in cowboy clubs, gangs, and societies that proliferated across Nigeria in the late 1940s. This article pieces together disparate reports of their practices to sketch the Cowboy’s history in Nigeria, arguing that Nigerian cowboy clubs, gangs, and societies identified in Hollywood and Italian Westerns’ resonant images and narratives. Cowboy clubs, gangs, and societies reassembled artifacts, ideas, and practices from diverse sources including but not limited to Westerns. They forged modern identities beyond localized tradition, colonial convention, and anti-colonial nationalism; the Cowboy’s globalized iconographies adding a sense of adventure and outlaw masculinity.
DINAMIKA PEMBAURAN IDENTITAS TIONGHOA MUSLIM DI PALEMBANG
Authors: Pahrozi Rohim
Published: April 2019

The aim of this research is to reveal the ethnic identity of Tionghoa Moslem in Palembang. An important theme related to Chinese ethnic in keeping their Chinese identity amid the plurality of Indonesian society and culture in everyday life in Palembang will be revealed. Is there a conflict in the majority Muslim community, where this group has dual identity, China and moslem. Social identity theory is chosen as a theoretical tool to understand the problem of this research. This research was conducted in Palembang by involving several samples of research subjects from moslem of Chinese Totok to moslem of Chinese descent. This research is a qualitative research by using symbolic interactionist approach. This approach focuses on the personal aspects of the subject of research aimed to identifying the emerging social dynamics associated with ethnic Chinese that living in Palembang in maintaining their social identity while interacting with other social identities. Determination of informants using the principle of snowball. Technique of collecting data through interview, observation and documentation, and analyzed by using descriptive qualitative.
Aspectus: A Flexible Collaboration Tool for Multimodal and Multiscalar 3D Data Exploitation
Authors: Vurpillot Damien , Verriez Quentin , Thivet Matthieu
Published: April 2019

High density remote survey technologies have become widespread practices. In recent years, we have seen a tenfold increase in volume of digital data acquired. Beyond this sheer amount of data, multimodal three-dimensional data exploitation has become another common challenge for specialists. The Aspectus project aims to ease the access to complex three-dimensional data and to promote collaborative work and remote expert assessment. Thus, we can get past the problem of distance and availability of the “object of expertise”, ranging from cultural heritage sites to artefacts. By extension, it enables us to circumvent the ever-present problem of destruction. Aspectus takes advantage of available open source solutions to produce a flexible web-based visualization and collaboration tool. After an overview of the theoretical framework and its technical implementation, we will discuss a practical application as part of the “Bibracte Numérique” project.
Beyond the Endorsement of Reflection in Language Teaching and Learning
Authors: Cuesta Medina Liliana , Alvarez Ayure Claudia Patricia , Cadena Aguilar Albedro , Jiménez Bonilla Maria Sonia , Maldonado Chacón Pedro Pablo , Morales Pulido Virginia
Published: April 2019

This paper reports on the first phase of an exploratory qualitative study carried out with in-service language teachers pursuing a graduate degree in Colombia. It aims at analyzing their practices, needs, and challenges, examined under two perspectives—the teacher as a learner and the teacher as a teacher. The study made use of interviews, focus groups, and questionnaires as the primary sources of data. Data analysis included a grounded theory approach and the use of coding, triangulation, and validation procedures. Results unveiled the difficulties that current in-service teachers have in different domains (cognitive, metacognitive, and linguistic), and also inform how the teaching challenges within their specific contexts influence their beliefs, practices, learning and teaching outcomes, and their professional growth. The study presents both theoretical and applied considerations to tackle the needs and challenges reported, aiming at offering a systematic analysis and approach for the endorsement of reflection, and thus, setting milestones for the enhancement of effective professional development for language teachers in educational communities such as in Colombia as well as overseas.
THE ROLE OF THE AFFECTIVE DIMENSION IN SHAPING FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNERS’ CONCEPTUAL SYSTEM
Authors: Strugielska Ariadna
Published: April 2019

The role of affective factors in the process of foreign language learning and teaching is undeniable. Still, despite growing interest in the role of attitudinal variables in foreign language training, the problem has not been much researched from the perspective of multidimensional cognition. Thus, the focus of the article is the architecture of foreign language learners’ cognition situated within a multimodal framework and shaped by particular socio-linguistic experience. It is postulated that the conceptual system of a foreign language learner is unique in being highly susceptible to processing in terms of affective parameters. This hypothesis is corroborated by the results of a pilot study which show that concrete words in the conceptual systems of foreign language learners are associated with affect more than in the case of native speakers.
Phytochemical screening and estrogenic activity of total glycosides of Cistanche deserticola
Authors: Li Wen-Lan , Ding Jing-Xin , Liu Bing-Mei , Zhang Da-Lei , Song Hui , Sun Xiang-Ming , Liu Gui-Yu , Wang Jing-Ya , Ji Yu-Bin
Published: April 2019

Over the decades, there have been continuous efforts to enhance the quality of human life. Postmenopausal syndrome is a serious concern for the wellbeing of a woman's health. Hormonal therapy is currently the mainstay of treatment for this condition. However, this therapy could lead to estrogen abuse, leading to adverse reactions and side effects. As a result, hormonal therapy has been unsuccessful in ameliorating postmenopausal syndrome. Cistanche deserticola is a classical tonic herb in traditional Chinese medicine. It exhibits significant estrogenic activity. The main active compounds of this herb are glycosides. In a previous experiment, three important factors contributing to the total glycoside yield, acteoside yield, and estrogenic activity were identified, namely, eluent concentration, pH, and eluent volume. In this experiment, an optimal purification process was determined using a central composite design-response surface methodology to obtain glycosides from this herb. An eluent (ethanol) concentration of 85% and volume of 25 BV at a pH of 11 was found to be optimal. Twenty-one active compounds were identified by a high-performance liquid chromatography/ quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry assay. This study provides valuable insights for further in-depth research evaluating the estrogenic activities of total glycosides of Cistanche deserticola.
Subparaneural injection in popliteal sciatic nerve blocks evaluated by MRI
Authors: Büttner Benedikt , Schwarz Alexander , Mewes Caspar , Kristof Katalin , Hinz José , Quintel Michael , Mansur Ashham , Bergmann Ingo
Published: April 2019

Intraneural injection of a local anesthetic can damage the nerve, yet it occurs frequently during distal sciatic block with no neurological sequelae. This has led to a controversy about the optimal needle tip placement that results from the particular anatomy of the sciatic nerve with its paraneural sheath.

The study population included patients undergoing lower extremity surgery under popliteal sciatic nerve block. Ultrasound-guidance was used to position the needle tip subparaneurally and to monitor the injection of the local anesthetic. Sonography and magnetic resonance imaging were used to assess the extent of the subparaneural injection.

Twenty-two patients participated. The median sciatic cross-sectional area increased from 57.8 mm2 pre-block to 110.8 mm2 immediately post-block. An intraneural injection according to the current definition was seen in 21 patients. Two patients had sonographic evidence of an intrafascicular injection, which was confirmed by MRI in one patient (the other patient refused further examinations). No patient reported any neurological symptoms.

A subparaneural injection in the popliteal segment of the distal sciatic nerve is actually rarely intraneural, i.e. intrafascicular. This may explain the discrepancy between the conventional sonographic evidence of an intraneural injection and the lack of neurological sequelae.
Quantitative analysis of SERS spectra of MnSOD over fluctuated aptamer signals using multivariate statistics
Authors: Yasukuni Ryohei , Gillibert Raymond , Triba Mohamed N. , Grinyte Ruta , Pavlov Valery , Lamy de la Chapelle Marc
Published: April 2019

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensors using specific aptamers often show difficulties in quantitative analysis because the instable aptamer structures show fluctuated background signals. In this communication, we address the quantitative analysis of the SERS spectra of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in different concentrations over the signal arisen from its specific aptamer using multivariate statistical analysis. MnSOD is a primary antioxidant enzyme protecting normal tissue against oxidative stress and is known as a cancer biomarker. By applying principal component analysis, SERS spectra were distinguished when MnSOD was present in a specimen even at 10 pm. The relation between SERS spectra and MnSOD concentrations calculated by partial least-squares regression predicted MnSOD concentrations within one order of magnitude. Moreover, statistically obtained spectral correlations reveal that spectral differences did not originate from additional peaks of MnSOD but from the thermodynamic stability of the aptamer structures. These results open new paths for detection and analytical strategies of SERS-based bio-sensors using aptamers.
Prediction of global value chain based on cognitive neural network -Take Chinese automobile industry as an example
Authors: Yang Qi
Published: April 2019

Cognitive artificial neural network is a hot research field which is an important part of human intelligence research. In recent years, artificial neural network has been used in the fields of neuroscience, computer science, cognitive science, mathematics and physics. With the Chinese automobile industry as the research object, the global value chain as the research tool, and the promotion of Chinese automobile industry cluster as the research objective, This paper deals with information processing by simulating neural activity in the brain according to the cognitive artificial neural network to study the upgrading of Chinese automobile industry cluster, and puts forward the related suggestion on the upgrading of Chinese automobile industry cluster. This study believes that in order to promote the upgrading of Chinese automobile industry cluster, it’s essential to promote the independent innovation of enterprises in the cluster and indispensable to strengthen government support, which has certain guiding significance to the development of Chinese automobile industry cluster.
Study on the progress of neural mechanism of positive emotions
Authors: Yin Jie
Published: April 2019

Positive emotions refer to emotions accompanied by pleasant feelings, such as happiness, interest, satisfaction, pride, and love, which are generated by individuals in response to internal and external stimuli and events. Positive emotions are conscious processes that involve a variety of components, such as a pleasant experience, facial/body expressions, evaluations, and especially behavioural plans and activation states. People's cognitive process is often accompanied by emotions, and the influence of positive emotions on cognitive activities has gradually become the focus of research in recent years. This study constructs a regulation model and an assessment model of positive emotions, and analyses the neural mechanisms of the effects of dopamine substances on human positive emotions.
Design Science Research for Computational Thinking in Constructionist Education: A Pragmatist Perspective
Authors: Dolgopolovas Vladimiras , Dagienė Valentina , Jasutė Eglė , Jevsikova Tatjana
Published: April 2019

[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian]

The article examines the modern computer-based educational environment and the requirements of the possible cognitive interface that enables the learner’s cognitive grounding by incorporating abductive reasoning into the educational process. Although the main emphasis is on cognitive and physiological aspects, the practical tools for enabling computational thinking in a modern constructionist educational environment are discussed. The presented analytical material and developed solutions are aimed at education with computers. However, the proposed solutions can be generalized in order to create a computer-free educational environment. The generalized paradigm here is pragmatism, considered as a philosophical assumption. By designing and creating a pragmatist educational environment, a common way of organizing computational thinking that enables constructionist educational solutions can be found.
Polychaetes associated with decaying wood in Térraba mangrove, South Pacific, Costa Rica
Authors: Sibaja-Cordero Jeffrey A. , Echeverría-Sáenz Silvia
Published: April 2019

The present study shows spatial patterns in the faunal assemblage of decaying wood and sediments, with emphasis on the polychaetes. The survey was executed across a salinity gradient in a tropical mangrove estuary of Costa Rica. To capture the organisms we analyzed decomposing logs found in the Térraba mangrove and sediment samples were taken with a corer in the sand bottom. Seven different phyla were found in the sediment samples. Of the 192 individuals found in the sediment samples, 18 were polychaetes belonging to nine families and 11 species. Analyses of decaying wood resulted in 2 564 individuals distributed in five phyla. Polychaetes accounted for 429 individuals belonging to eight families and 16 species. Although, polychaetes were more abundant in decaying wood, and their diversity was lower. The abundance of polychaetes in decaying wood was negatively correlated with the number of individuals of Mollusca, Hexapoda and Crustacea. A change in the composition of polychaetes in decaying wood was found along the salinity gradient of this estuarine zone. Dissimilarities in the composition of benthic fauna in decaying wood and sediments in the Térraba mangrove showed that biodiversity was increased by the microhabitats inside the mangrove forest. Finally, several genera or species of polychaetes are new records for Costa Rica and the Central American Pacific Coast.
Emlődaganatos nőbetegek komplex támogató terápiája. Egy pszichológiai intervenciós kutatás előzetes eredményei
Authors: Wittmann Victoria , Látos Melinda , Horváth Zoltán , Simonka Zsolt , Paszt Attila , Lázár György , Csabai Márta
Published: April 2019

Abstract:

Introduction: Interdisciplinary studies confirm that the traumatic nature of cancer diagnosis and the long course of treatment may often lead to a series of emotional problems among cancer patients, this way precluding physical and psychological recovery. Aim: The aim of the study was to create a complex psychosocial intervention program for breast cancer patients and to present our preliminary results. Method: In our 6 week long study, 50 breast cancer patients were assessed. The intervention group comprised of 20 patients, the control group comprised of 30 patients. Measurements included the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Spielberger State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Surgical Fear Questionnaire (SFQ), the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – Breast (FACT-B) and the Breast-Impact of Treatment Scale (BITS). Therapeutic tools used were the PRISM-D and the Body-Sculpture Test. Results: Our results indicate that the psychological interventions may have an instant stress-relieving and calming effect on our patients, this way providing social support. The type of surgery significantly influenced the levels of body change stress. Conclusion: Our results highlight the importance of early psychological screening among breast cancer patients before and after surgery as well. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(18): 700–709.
Pesan Dakwah tentang Nikah di Media Sosial Instagram
Authors: Ismail Nurasiah , Abidin Zainal , Fatoni Uwes
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this research is to know the meaning of message of da'wah about marriage in social media of instagram on account of @nikahbarokah which is formulated in the question how the meaning of denotation, connotation, and myth of da'wah message  about marriage in account instagram @niahbarokah ? The method used in this study is semiotics analysis in the form of data analysis that is by determining quote, interpreting quote, menyangkutkan with what is considered a valuable society with the meaning of semiotics in the form of denotation meaning, connotation meaning, the meaning of myths are considered capable to recognize the signs and messages hidden behind quote message da'wah about marriage on account instagram @niahbarokah. The result concluded that the message of da'wah about marriage posted by account manager of @nikahbarokah during October to December 2016 there are 8 quote of message of da'wah classified based on the stage of marriage is ta'aruf, marriage and post marriage in physiological aspects (sakinah), psychological (mawadah), and sociological (rahmah). In denotative post contained in the picture contains elements of images, writing words and connotative with regard to the meaning contained in denotation, and the meaning of myths relating to daily life.

 

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui makna pesan dakwah tentang nikah di media sosial instagram pada akun @nikahbarokah yang terumuskan di dalam pertanyaan bagaimana makna denotasi, makna konotasi dan mitos pesan dakwah tentang nikah dalam akun instagram @nikahbarokah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis semiotika yang berbentuk analisis data yaitu dengan menentukan quote, menafsirkan quote, menyangkutkan dengan yang dianggap masyarakat bernilai dengan makna semiotika berupa makna denotasi, makna konotasi, makna mitos yang dianggap mampu untuk mengenali tanda dan pesan yang tersembunyi dibalik quote pesan dakwah tentang nikah pada akun instagram @nikahbarokah. Hasil dari penelitian disimpulkan bahwa pesan dakwah tentang nikah yang diposting pengelola akun @nikahbarokah selama bulan Oktober sampai Desember 2016 terdapat 8 quote pesan dakwah diklasifikasikan berdasarkan tahap pernikahan yaitu taaruf, nikah dan pasca nikah dalam aspek fisiologis (sakinah), psikologis (mawadah), dan sosiologis (rahmah). Secara denotatif postingan yang terdapat pada gambar mengandung unsur gambar, tulisan kata-kata dan secara konotatif yang berkaitan dengan makna yang terdapat pada denotasi, dan secara makna mitos yang berkaitan dengan kehidupan sehari-hari.
Analisis Wacana Pesan Dakwah pada Film Cinta dalam Ukhwah
Authors: Nursyamsi Yasyifa Fajaria , Sholahudin Dindin , Sukayat Tata
Published: April 2019

This research describes the message of dakwah clarity of discourse. Film as a medium of da'wah becomes a thing to be examined both in terms of meaning and production, especially in the field of I'lam. Its presence in the scholarship of da'wah can be a reference that supports the spread of Islamic values. This qualitative research uses the theory of discourse analysis according to Teun Van Djik with the concept of 'social cognition' which is adapted from the social psychology approach to explain the structure and process of forming a text. The results of the film Love in this ukhuwah got three main conclusions: first the text of this film contain Message da'wah with the topic of tolerance, ukhuwah and inclusivism. Second, the social cognition of the author's personal experience affects how text scenarios are produced. Thirdly, the social context of Islamic societal issues is raised as 'conflict and anti-climax' in dialogue on scenarios and film texts produced. The story presented in the film is lifted from the discourse through psychosocial approaches, constructing discourses about critical attitudes and tabayun against this Jewish strategy as a moral message.

 

Penelitian ini memaparkan pesan dakwah dari kejelasan wacananya. Penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan teori analisis wacana menurut Teun Van Djik dengan konsep ‘kognisi sosial’ istilah yang disadur dari pendekatan psikologi sosial untuk menjelaskan struktur dan proses terbentuk suatu teks. Hasil penelitian di film Cinta dalam Ukhuwah ini didapatkan tiga kesimpulan utama: pertama secara teks film ini mengandung Pesan dakwah dengan topik toleransi, ukhuwah dan inklusivisme. Kedua, kognisi sosial pengalaman pribadi penulis mempengaruhi bagaimana teks skenario diproduksi. Ketiga, konteks sosial permasalahan masyarakat Islam diangkat sebagai ‘konflik dan anti klimaks’ dalam dialog pada teks skenario dan film yang diproduksi. Cerita yang disampaikan dalam film di angkat dari wacana melalui pendekatan psikososial, mengkontruksi wacana tentang sikap kritis dan tabayun terhadap strategi yahudi ini sebagai pesan moral.
Estimation of Sediment Distribution Based on Bathymetry Alteration (2014-2016) in the Inner Bay of Ambon, Maluku, Indonesia
Authors: Rahmawan Guntur Adhi , Gemilang Wisnu Arya , Wisha Ulung Jantama , Dhiauddin Ruzana , Ondara Koko
Published: April 2019

The development of Ambon city is centered around Ambon Bay. As the major area of marine and social activities, changes occurred directly affect to the degraded of the bay water region. Sedimentation is the major issue that has been occurring. Marine ecosystem can be potentially disrupted by the high rate of sedimentation in the Inner Bay of Ambon (TAD). This study aims to determine the distribution of sediment volume within the bay. Bathymetry of TAD was surveyed by using transducer (Echosounder Echo track CVM Teledyne Odom Hydrographic Single Beam), which the depth of certain position was connected to GPS to record all the position data accurately. The field data are then analyzed spatially modelled in the form of 2D and 3D maps, overlaid with the past bathymetry data to calculate the difference between water depth and sediment volume during that period (2014-2016). The depth of TAD in 2014 ranged between 0 – -42 meters, whilst, in 2016 the water depth slightly changed to 0 – -44 meters. The reduction of the water depth is observed in the 25 – 125 m from shoreline, where the bed thickness alteration observed ranged from 0.1 - 1.4 m. Total volume of sediment augmentation reached 13,236,182 m3 that covers about 67.67 Ha. Tidal current speed ranged averagely from 0-1.2 m/s which has a tremendous influence on sediment transport in TAD. The bay mouth that is funnel-shaped enclosed area triggers a high transport mechanism on its surrounding. If ongoing, these conditions may endanger the environment and biota survival ability.
Exchange of Captives Within the Framework of the Truce of Deulino
Authors: Bohun Tomasz
Published: April 2019

Introduction. The article investigates the issue of the exchange of captives between Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the Truce of Deulino conclusion on December 1 (11), 1618. This truce marked the end of the Time of Troubles in the Moscow State and established peaceful relations between Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth for 14 years. The author analyzes the circumstances of the exchange of captives, and also highlights main problems arising in the course of implementing the agreements.

Materials. The study uses unpublished documents of the Ambassadorial Prikaz: record lists, petitions, lists of contract records stored in the form of columns and books in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Documents in funds No. 79 “Relations with Poland” and No. 141 “Prikaz Affairs of Old Years”.

Results. The Truce of Deulino provided the solution of two urgent issues: transfer of seven border cities and their uezds with subsequent delimitation of the border and exchange of captives. Over the course of time, the first agreements were reached only partly. Admittedly, castles smoothly passed to the Polish-Lithuanian possession, but because of mutual claims the border at the Trubchevsk-Novgorod-Seversk-Bryansk and the Vitebsk-Toropets lines became the part of the Treaty of Polyanovka (1634), which put an end to the Smolensk war. There were problems with the exchange of captives as well, which occurred more than three months later. However, the only culprit here was the Polish-Lithuanian side.
Simulation of borosilicate glasses with non-constant force field molecular dynamics
Authors: Raskovalov Anton A.
Published: April 2019

In this study the simulation of microscopical behavior of borosilicate glasses was conducted with non-constant force field molecular dynamics. The suggested model consists of classical pair potentials in the Buckingham form, long range Coulomb interaction, intramolecular bonded interactions and possibility of bond breaking and formation. The latter effects are accompanied by changes in the types of the bond-forming particles. The simulated system corresponds to the structure of borosilicate glasses with predominantly four-coordinated boron atoms. Different structure groups are formed due to the dissociation / formation of intramolecular bonds, and the processes of the glass network rearrangement intensifies with temperature increasing.
Mechanical-statistical method of estimation of the residual life of flexible pavements
Authors: Tiraturyan Artem
Published: April 2019

One of the most important tasks of the road industry at the moment is the development of effective mechanisms for managing the state of flexible pavement, taking into account its actual residual resource. The paper presents new algorithms of the mechanic-statistical approach to the estimation of the residual resource of flexible pavements, formulated on the basis of a complex of theoretical and experimental studies. One of the main indicators of the response of a road structure to a dynamic effect is to use the density of the energy dissipated, calculated from the area of the dynamic hysteresis loop, under the influence of the calculating car wheel. In the course of full-scale measurements, general statistical regularities in the distribution of the basic structural parameters of structural elements of flexible pavements (elastic moduli, coefficients of layer damping) are established. It was revealed that the statistical distribution of elastic moduli and coefficients of damping of layers of flexible pavements obeys a logarithmically normal law. The regularities of the change in the mathematical expectation and dispersion of the elastic moduli and coefficients of damping of constructive layers of flexible pavements are established. An experimental technique for determining the coefficients of damping of constructive layers of flexible pavements has been developed based on the results of recording the amplitude-time characteristic on the surface of a pavement covering using the FWD. On the basis of a set of studies, algorithms for the mechanic-statistical method for estimating the residual life of flexible pavements and the designation of reinforcement layers based on technical monitoring have been developed, combining numerical simulation algorithms to determine the design values of the road construction resource, as well as experimental measurements permitting any stage of operation of pavement, set the values of the actual residual life, the remaining service life, gamma-percentage of residual life, gamma percentage residual life.