bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Représenter la flaua bilis: le portait du colérique dans l’Iconologia de Cesare Ripa
Authors: Koźluk Magdalena
Published: November 2022

Representing the flaua bilis: the Portrait of the Choleric in Cesare Ripa’s Iconology. The theory of the four humours (blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile) forms the basis of ancient medicine. Coming from the Hippocratic corpus and completed by Galen of Pergamum (129–216 AD) in his De Temperamentis by means of individual complexions (blood, phlegmatic, angry, melancholic), this theory is essential in modern Europe after more than two thousand years of transmission, development and practice of medicine. Our article aims to examine its fortune in the Iconology of the Italian scholar Cesare Ripa (1555–1622). Starting with the Roman edition of 1603, he enriched his famous allegorical repertoire with a complex entry encoding the four temperaments: Collerico per il fuoco, Sanguigno per l’aria, Flemmatico per l’acqua, Malenconico per la terra. We work here only with the Choleric and undertake to determine the reasons which governed the choice of the attributes retained by C. Ripa (youth, nudity, sword, shield adorned with a flame, lion, fury in the gaze) to offer poets, painters and sculptors the archetype of a figure dominated by yellow, hot and dry bile. To this end, we analyze the medical, literary and iconographic sources on which the author relies, considering also the richness and complexity of the medical discourse he had at his disposal and the very purpose of his Iconology.
Ética y deontología : la universidad, la ética profesional y el desarrollo
Authors: Vega Centeno Bocángel Máximo
Published: November 2022

Máximo Vega Centeno en este libro se centra en la importancia del juicio, la exigencia y la honestidad en el desempeño de los científicos y profesionales. De todo ello proviene la preocupación por la universidad como centro privilegiado de cultivo de conocimientos, de métodos para crearlos, acrecentarlos y difundirlos; como centro de formación humana y de ciudadanía. La universidad debe formar ciudadanos competentes y éticos y, por eso, capaces de servir a la sociedad, sin comprometer sus legítimos intereses, ni su dignidad y responsabilidad. Así pues, la competencia personal y el sentido ético son cualidades irrenunciables. Es pues en base a la iniciativa, al aporte y a la competencia científica y profesional que una sociedad puede construir una situación de justicia, de equidad o de posibilidades de realización personal para todos.
Justicia profana : el jurado de imprenta en el Perú
Authors: Ramos Núñez Carlos Augusto
Published: November 2022

La libertad de expresión debe convivir con el respeto al derecho ajeno. Pero, ¿quién determina dónde se ubica exactamente ese límite? En una sociedad democrática como la nuestra que está regida por un Estado de derecho, es la ley la que regula esa dinámica. Aunque bien sabemos que las leyes no son expresión de las necesidades colectivas o de la equidad en las relaciones humanas. Por tanto, la delicada relación entre libertad y regulación se convierte en un terreno de negociación y disputa en el que las respuestas definitivas y consensuales resultan imposibles de alcanzar. Una de las instituciones que durante un siglo intentó ejercer esa regulación en el Perú fue el jurado de imprenta, que es el objeto de estudio de este exhaustivo trabajo del magistrado Carlos Ramos Núñez, el más importante historiador del derecho que ha producido nuestro país. En este nuevo libro, el autor ilumina el accionar de una institución que, sorprendentemente, no había recibido hasta ahora la atención que se merece. El jurado de imprenta se dedicaba a procesar casos de delitos de imprenta que podemos considerar comunes, en oposición a aquellos de naturaleza claramente política. Estos últimos constituyeron solo una pequeña fracción del total de casos existentes. Ciudadanos ordinarios que veían sus derechos y su honor afectados por alguna publicación recurrían al jurado de imprenta para intentar obtener justicia y castigar conductas contrarias a la convivencia y el respeto mutuo.
Poetas peruanos del Siglo XX: lecturas críticas
Authors: Vich Víctor
Published: November 2022

Este libro escrito por Víctor Vich propone un conjunto de lecturas sobre algunos de los principales poetas peruanos. Cada ensayo, discute un problema particular a partir de pocos poemas que intentan ser analizados con profundidad. La poesía, sostiene el autor, «supone siempre una fuga de sentido. Se trata de un discurso que observa la realidad como algo que está mucho más allá de sí misma. La poesía es el discurso que observa lo sin lugar, aquel resto que se ha quedado fuera de la estructura porque no puede ser completamente integrado, ni integrable en ella». Este libro es un aporte valioso para conocer la poesía peruana del siglo XX, cuya tradición ha sido considerada como una de las más sólidas de la tradición hispanoamericana. Se trata de un libro de fácil lectura, útil, tanto para aquellos que se inician en la lectura de poesía como para el lector especializado.
Cognitive, Emotional, Behavioral and Physiological Evaluation of the Relationship Between Brain and Gut Microbiota
Authors: GÜNÜÇ Selim , ŞENDEMİR Aylin
Published: November 2022

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of gut microbiota on brain functions, mood and psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety and behavioral addictions, neurotransmitter levels, cognitive processes such as self-control, decision making and delayed gratification. In this context, the relevant literature was reviewed and the findings were evaluated. The relationships of the bidirectional communication between the brain-gut axis with cognitive, emotional, behavioral and physiological processes were explained with a diagram. As a result, although more research is needed on this subject, it has been observed that the brain-gut axis is bidirectionally established through neural, stress, endocrine and immune systems. In this bidirectional communication process, there are interactions in the context of cognitive, emotional, behavioral and other physiological factors. These factors both individually enter into bidirectional relationships with the brain and gut microbiota and are affected by the bidirectional communication between the brain and gut.
Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Intergroups Inequalities: The Case of Women
Authors: ENİÇ Deniz
Published: November 2022

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has crucial implications for intergroup inequalities. The main aims of the current study are to examine how the COVID-19 affects inequalities between women and men, understand the causes of increasing gender-based inequalities during pandemic, and offer practical solutions on how these inequalities can be reduced. The results of studies from different countries demonstrated that gender-based inequalities that existed before the pandemic deepened with the COVID-19. After the COVID-19, there has been a serious rise in the level of physical, psychological and economic violence that women are exposed to, the labor they spend on housework and caring has increased dramatically, and the problems they face in business life ascended. Understanding why gender-based inequalities have increased during the COVID-19 is one of the influential steps to achieve gender equality. When the reasons are examined, it has been determined that many factors, including the policies implemented in the struggle against the pandemic and gender roles, play critical roles in this rise. Finally, in order to diminish gender-based inequalities, short and long-term solutions are presented such as carrying out gender-based awareness education, adequate representations of women in decision-making processes, developing gender-sensitive policies, strengthening the mechanisms that support women.
Reliability of Forensic Interview with Child Victim of Sexual Abuse in Turkey
Authors: ORHAN Gülçin , ERDEN Gulsen
Published: November 2022

In cases of child sexual abuse, sometimes the only evidence may be the statement of the victim child. It is only recent phenomenon in Turkey that forensic interviews with child victims of sexual abuse prioritize the child victims and they are administered in a careful and delicate way that would not cause secondary traumatization, and they are conducted by professionals educated. Child advocacy centers and forensic interview rooms are formations where forensic interviews are conducted with children who are victims of sexual abuse. In this article, credibility of forensic interviews conducted with sexually abused child victims are covered on the basis of practices in child advocacy centers. From this point of view, the place of child abuse in Turkish law, institutional practices on this issue and the importance of coordination among institutions are mentioned. Subsequently, the importance of forensic interview for the investigation conducted with the child is explained, and basis components of the forensic interview process are listed. Afterwards, the characteristics of widely used protocols for forensic interviews in the world are mentioned and the credibility of victim’s statement effect and elements affecting the trustworthiness are touched upon. Last, the failures experienced in the system which includes forensic interviews in Turkey and suggestions to remedy these are assessed. Forensic interview should be done within the framework of a joint meeting protocol, increasing the frequency of forensic interviewer supervision training and making it compulsory, public prosecutor, judge, law enforcement officer and professionals working in the child protection system should also participate in the training of forensic interview with the child and consideration of all factors in the credibility evaluation of the forensic interview has been the suggestions conveyed in the light of the relevant literature.
Investigation of the Tendency of People with Soft Facial Expressions to be Perceived as Innocent / Not Guilty
Authors: BAL Fatih
Published: November 2022

The facial recognition process in the brain has a powerful emotional feature. This is why people can rarely be indifferent to facial expressions in their dealings with other people. Every face has a term. Some people appear reliable, helpful, kind, dangerous, harsh, and disloyal in this context. People perceive faces holistically rather than as a set of distinct features. Recognizing faces happens so naturally and quickly that we rarely think twice. Recognizing a face is instant and effortless. In a moment, we realize that we are indeed looking at a face, but we also define who they are and what mood they have. We can identify an individual's identity, attitude, gender, race, age, and direction of attention in a second. Emoticons seem to jump straight into our brains from people's faces. Conveying emotions is one of the most critical roles of the human face. Facial perception has been a topic of debate since the dawn of scientific research. The ability to recognize faces helps communicate with people and learn about the environment. Studies have shown that people with delicate facial features are more likely to be found innocent or innocent. Some people may seem sad, and some may seem threatening. In this study, the reason for this was reviewed using the "literature review" method. In this direction, soft facial expression, facial attractiveness, baby-faced, innocent perception processes were examined. As a result of the study, it was seen that people have stereotypes about facial appearance, and people with soft facial expressions are perceived as more innocent. Two different ways in the face recognition process are the consciousness in the upper layers of the cortex and the unconscious amygdala, which is in the limbic system, which is deep in the brain.
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and Behavioral Therapy Intervention Techniques Used in Treatment
Authors: ÇİLLER Alpay , KÖSKÜN Tolga , AKCA Ali Yunus Emre
Published: November 2022

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disorder that significantly reduces the functionality of people with symptoms of this disorder and negatively affects their psychological health. Behavioral therapy is an empirically based therapy approach used in the treatment of this psychological disorder and many other psychological disorders. In this study, the articles on behavioral therapy intervention techniques used in the treatment of PTSD and the empirical basis of these techniques were compiled. The literature review in Turkish and English revealed that psychoeducation, real-life exposure, imaginary exposure, prolonged exposure, breathing exercises, relaxation training and systematic desensitization behavioral therapy intervention techniques are commonly used in the treatment of PTSD and that these techniques are effective in the treatment of the disorder.
Yanık Merkezindeki Hastaların Yara Kültürlerinden İzole Edilen Mikroorganizmalar ve Antibiyotik Duyarlılıkları
Authors: BİLGİN Melek , ÇİFTÇİ Ahmet Burak , BİLGİN Mehmet
Published: November 2022

Bu çalışmada, Samsun Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Yanık merkezindeki hastaların yara kültürlerinden izole edilen etkenlerin ve antimikrobiyal duyarlılıklarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Haziran 2019-Haziran 2020 tarihleri arasında yanık servisinde takip edilen hastalardan mikrobiyoloji laboratuvarına gönderilen ve üreme saptanan yara kültürleri çalışmaya dahil edildi. Kültürü yapılmak üzere gönderilen örnekler %5 koyun kanlı agara ve Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agara ekilmiştir ve Gram boyama için yayma hazırlanmıştır. 37°C’de 18-24 saat inkübasyon sonunda, üreyen suşların tür düzeyinde tiplendirme ve antibiyotik duyarlılıkları Vitek (BioMérieux, Fransa) otomatize siste-mlerinde çalışılmıştır. Çalışma süresi içerisinde mikrobiyoloji laboratuvarımıza yanık merkezimizden 110 tane yara sürüntüsü kültürü gönderilmiş olup 34 örnekte üreme saptanmıştır. Yapılan Gram boyalı preparatlarda polimorfonükleer hücrelerin varlığı enflamasyon belirteci olarak kabul edilmiş olup, kültürlerdeki üremeler yayma sonuçlarıyla birlikte değerlendirilmiştir. Yanık hastalarının yara sürüntü kültürlerinden izole edilen enfeksiyon etkenlerinin %76’sı Gram negatif, %18’i Gram pozitif ve %6’sı ise Candida türlerinden oluştuğu saptandı. En sık izole edilen bakteriler sırasıyla Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.aeruginosa) (%26,5), Acinetobacter spp. (%23,6), E.coli (%8,8) and Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus )(%8,8) olarak saptanmıştır. En yüksek direnç oranı ikinci sıklıkla izole edilen Acinetobacter suşlarında tespit edilmiş olup; amikasin direnci %62,5, meropenem, imipenem, piperasilin tazobaktam, seftazidim, siprofloksasin, SXT direnci %87,5 oranında saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak; yanıklı hastalarda yanık enfeksiyonlarının kontrolü ve hastane enfeksiyonlarının gelişmemesi için öncelikle yanık alanının kontaminasyonu engellenmelidir. Kültür ve antibiyogram testleri tedavi protokolünün belirlenmesinde ve antimikrobiyal direnç gelişimiminin önlenmesinde önemli bir yol göstericidir.
Disruption of regulatory mechanisms as a stress factor for patients with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Gribanov I. A. , Zarubina E. G.
Published: November 2022

Introduction. Throughout history, humanity has lived and developed in accordance with its biological rhythms, which provided the adaptation of the body to the factors of external and internal environment, ensuring the normal synchronous functioning of all its components.

The purpose of this work was to study the stressful influence of circadian rhythms disturbance on patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) under conditions of dark deprivation.

Material and methods of investigation. We selected patients with MS and disturbed circadian rhythms – a total of 102 people (all men) from among those who constantly work at night, in whom a decrease in melatonin levels was recorded at the preliminary stage. According to the set objectives, 102 patients (young age according to WHO criteria) were divided into three groups of 33, 37 and 32 persons according to the criterion "duration of influence of dark deprivation and MS history duration": 0–5, 5–10 and over 10 years. In the first group the mean age was 30.1 ± 1.4 years, in the second group – 36.5 ± 1.5 years, in the third group the mean age did not exceed 40.3 ± 0.9 years. Melatonin levels (as confirmation of circadian rhythm disturbances) in blood serum were studied in all study participants using Melatonin ELISA immunoassay kit (IBL, Germany).

Results and discussion. Normally, when blood cortisol is measured before 10 a.m., its average value varies in a wide range from138 to 635 nmol/l. The increase up to 700 nmol/l is admitted, which is regarded as a negative influence of external factors during the examination. However, one should keep in mind that during evening measurements, cortisol levels in men may normally decrease to 80 nmol/l.

Conclusions. Thus, dark deprivation in patients with metabolic syndrome leads to the formation of a stress response. Maximum changes occur after 10 years of disturbance of regulatory mechanisms and lead to a pronounced imbalance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system, increased vascular tone and changes in the profile of blood pressure during the day towards the predominance of Non-dippers and Night-peers, which increases the risk of progression of metabolic syndrome symptoms.
Exploring the importance of a sense of belonging for a sense of ownership in learning
Authors: du Toit-Brits C.
Published: November 2022

In construction and supporting learners’ sense of belonging in a learning environment, teachers have proposed stimulating learners’ desire to learn. This article will present the results of a literature review on belonging to support the authors’ viewpoint that it is needed to foster a sense of belonging and accentuate school belonging in learning programs, practices, and research. This article explores how a sense of belonging prepares and support learners to take ownership of learning to promote self-directed learning (SDL) in learning communities. It argues for the need to locate the need for belonging in learning communities and define the essence of success for taking ownership of learning. Furthermore, the article will show how a sense of belonging is an essential human necessity and that nurturing a sense of belonging can be seen as imperative, irrespective of learners who do not have a deep understanding of non-belonging. However, for learners to effectively be part of a learning community, a nuanced approach to belonging should be followed to provide learners with a sense of belongingness for taking ownership of learning and how to support learners who do not feel like they belong (fit in) or feel left out. Nevertheless, this article will also attempt to show that, although there might be learners who experience deep senses of non-belonging, they learn, but they manage to excel, it still remains essential to fulfil the need to belong in educational contexts. In terms of the latter, this article proposes that belonging is one of the first things teachers ought to attend because when learners do not feel like they belong, they can find it challenging to have a sense of ownership. Hence, the article aims (a) to review the theoretical literature on a sense of belonging, emphasising its essential features. Then, in light of the essential features recognised, the author proposes (b) general and practical recommendations for educational stakeholders wanting to build and support learners’ sense of belonging at school as well as towards how teachers can cultivate a sense of belonging in learning communities to support learners who do not feel like they belong (fit in) or feel left out. Keywords: learners, a sense of belonging, ownership of learning, self-directed learning, self-determination, motivation
Relational research ethics and disengagement from collaborative research projects in higher education: A conceptual analysis
Authors: Madikizela-Madiya N.
Published: November 2022

Research collaboration is a common practice in higher education, and so is the discourse of research ethics. However, the colonial orientation of some research as well as the managerial models of higher education practices undermine the connectedness and relationality of collaborative research. In this article, I argue this point with a focus on disengagement or withdrawal of collaborators from research projects before they are completed. I argue that this practice has ethical implications at various levels, especially the level of the researched or colonised communities. Drawing from multi-disciplinary literature, I follow a conceptual analysis method, focusing on research collaboration, research ethics and disengagement. The article identifies the types and benefits of collaborative research, as well as common reasons and ethical implications of disengagement from such projects. It concludes by recommending an extension of research ethics regulations to incorporate disengagement, in consideration of the relationality of collaborative research projects. Keywords: collaborative research, disengagement, relational ethics, managerialism, higher education
“Uncovered in the glass cages”. Rethinking neoliberal governance in the times of COVID-19: Critical performativity for performance management in higher education
Authors: Seyama S. M.
Published: November 2022

This conceptual article draws on social harm theory and critical management studies to critically examine the neoliberal governance of academics’ performance management in higher education, particularly in the emerging “normal” of COVID-19. The article argues that the COVID-19 pandemic has created a crisis that lays bare the deleterious global ramifications of the dominant political-economic ideology of neoliberalism in every aspect of societal life, more so in education. Moreover, the justifiably lauded shift to the digital space of teaching and learning is increasing the already problematic panoptic surveillance and is invading the hiding spaces within the glass cages. The neoliberal approach to PM is inflicting social harms, unintentionally and intentionally. With the COVID-19 pandemic offering us the “rega” moment of opportunity to rethink and pragmatically insert critical alternatives to the neoliberal governance of universities’ performance management practices, this article proposes a critical performativity approach to work towards incremental micro-emancipations. Keywords: social harm, neoliberal governance, critical performativity, managerialsm, micro-emancipation, performance management
Kekuatan Gerakan Virtual Mahasiswa Universitas Andalas Pada Masa Pandemi Covid 19
Authors: Fachri Rahmad Aulia
Published: November 2022

Mahasiswa turut serta terlibat dalam gerakan sosial pada dasarnya dilatarbelakangi oleh respon mereka melihat adanya bentuk penyimpangan terhadap kebijakan-kebijakan dan kekuasaan yang dilakukan oleh pihak penguasa. Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang bentuk gerakan mahasiswa di masa pandemi covid 19. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori gerakan sosial, gerakan mahasiswa, kekuatan politik dan mahasiswa sebagai kekuatan politik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Penelitian ini memiliki subjek yaitu informan yang dinilai mempunyai pengaruh signifikan dalam gerakan mahasiswa ini. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode study literature dan wawancara. Analisis yang digunakan dalam penjabaran data penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini bentuk gerakan mahasiswa Unand pada masa pandemi covid 19 adalah gerakan yang berbentuk gerakan cyber yang dinamakan dengan gerakan hastag #unandjanganpelit. Gerakan ini dilatarbelakangi oleh tidak adanya bentuk pemberian bantuan dari pihak kampus kepada mahasiswa Unand dalam hal memberikan bantuan pulsa internet kepada mahasiswanya. Sementara Dirjen Kemendikbud telah memberikan surat edaran agar kampus memberikan bantuan subsidi pulsa internet kepada mahasiswanya. Gerakan yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa Unand ini memiliki kekuatan yang kuat dalam hal mempengaruhi kampus dalam membuat kebijakan. Hal ini terlihat dengan adanya kebijakan kampus memberikan bantuan subsidi pulsa internet kepada mahasiswa Unand yang berkategori mahasiswa Bidik Misi dan UKT level 1 dan 2.
Bisphosphonates for Post-COVID Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head
Authors: Agarwala Sanjay , Vijayvargiya Mayank , Sawant Tushar , Kulkarni Siddhesh
Published: November 2022

Background:

COVID-19 infection can cause long-term effects, cumulatively known as long COVID syndrome. One such sequela is osteonecrosis of the femoral head (also called avascular necrosis of the femoral head, or AVNFH). On the basis of our 20-year experience in using bisphosphonate therapy in the successful management of osteonecrosis, we conducted the present study to evaluate the efficacy of the therapy in the management of post-COVID osteonecrosis of the femoral head. In addition, we aimed to evaluate the cumulative dosage of corticosteroids and the duration between the commencement of corticosteroids and the development of osteonecrosis in COVID-19 survivors.

Methods:

This was a retrospective evaluation of 48 patients (88 hips) diagnosed with osteonecrosis of the femoral head at a tertiary care center after COVID-19 infection between September 2020 and May 2021. Patients received intravenous zoledronic acid (5 mg) at the initiation of therapy and oral alendronate (35 mg) twice weekly, and were followed for a minimum of 6 months. Clinical evaluation was conducted using a visual analog scale (VAS) for pain and the Harris hip score (HHS). Radiographic evaluation was performed to assess the progression of the disease and collapse of the femoral head.

Results:

At a mean follow-up of 10 months, 84 (95.5%) of the hips showed good clinical outcomes, and only 4 (4.5%) of the hips required surgical intervention. The mean VAS pain score and HHS improved at 6 weeks and steadily improved on subsequent follow-ups. In 16 (18%) of the 88 affected hips, radiographic progression was observed. The mean dose of corticosteroids administered to the patients to manage COVID-19 infection was 841.3 mg of prednisolone equivalents. The mean duration between the commencement of corticosteroid therapy and the development of osteonecrosis was 179 days.

Conclusions:

Post-COVID osteonecrosis appears to be more aggressive, with COVID-19 itself contributing to its etiopathogenesis in addition to corticosteroids. However, it can be diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in symptomatic patients and then effectively treated medically, especially if detected in the early stages.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Topological Indices Polynomials of Domination David Derived Networks
Authors: Mekala Anjaneyulu , U Vijaya Chandra Kumar , Murali R.
Published: November 2022

ترتبط الخصائص الكيميائية للمركبات الكيميائية وبنيتها الجزيئية ارتباطًا وثيقًا.  المؤشرات الطوبولوجية هي قيم عددية مرتبطة بالرسوم البيانية الجزيئية الكيميائية التي تساعد في فهم الخصائص الفيزيائية والكيميائية والتفاعل الكيميائي والنشاط البيولوجي للمركب الكيميائي.
يتطرق هذا البحث على بعض الخصائص الطوبولوجية للشبكات المشتقة من  dominating David derived وتحصي العديد من K Banhatti  متعدد الحدود من النوع الثاني والثالث من DDD.
Modeling The Power Grid Network Of Iraq
Authors: Al-Jarah Rasha , Kashmola Manar Y.
Published: November 2022

في الآونة الأخيرة ، أخذت نظرية الشبكات المعقدة  (Complex Networks)ٳتجاه حديث وفعال بدخولها ضمن مجموعة متنوعة من التطبيقات في حياتنا. حيث تستخدم نظرية الشبكات المعقدة في تشكيل الظواهر المعقدة في النماذج القائمة على الرسم البياني التي تتألف من العقد بالٳضافة الى الحواف التي تربطها. يمكن تقييم وتحليل هذا التمثيل بٳستخدام مقاييس الشبكة مثل درجة العقدة ، معامل التجميع ، طول المسار ، المركزية، القرب، البينية ، الكثافة ، والقطر، على سبيل المثال لا الحصر. تعتبر طوبولوجيا الترابطات المعقدة لشبكات الطاقة أحد المشاكل التي ممكن مواجهتها من ناحية فهم  الشبكة أو تحليلها. لذلك ، تستخدم بعض البلدان حول العالم مفاهيم الشبكات المعقدة لنمذجة وتحليل شبكات الطاقة الخاصة بها. في هذا العمل ، تم نمذجة وتصور شبكة الكهرباء الوطنية العراقية (IPG) وتحليلها وفق نظرية الشبكات المعقدة من خلال تمثيل المحطات كعقد وخطوط نقل الكهرباء بين المحطات كحواف. هذا التحليل يتم من خلال تطبيق مقاييس خصائص الشبكة على شبكة IPG الوطنية المقترحة. أخيرا، يوفر هذا العمل تصورًا احترافيًا للشبكة التي تم إنشاؤها بناءً على التوزيع الديموغرافي وإحداثيات محطات الطاقة. وبالتالي فأن الشبكة المقترحة مفيدة لوزارة الكهرباء العراقية والتي ممكن أن يتبناها المسؤولون والمختصون من أجل فهم وتصور وتقييم أداء شبكة IPG الحالية من منظور مختلف لأنها لا تزال قيد التطوير والتحديث.
Concentrations, Sources and Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAHs) Compounds in Basrah soils, Iraq
Authors: Saleem Fadya M. , Al-Hejuje Makia M. , Al-Saad Hamid T.
Published: November 2022

تسبب الفعاليات البشرية في تلوث التربة بملوثات خطيرة, منها المركبات الهيدروكربونية الأروماتية متعددة الحلقات. في الدراسة الحالية تم تقييم التلوث بالمركبات الهيدروكربونية الأروماتية المتعددة الحلقات  في عينات التربة التي جمعت من ثلاثون موقع موزعة في كافة انحاء البصرة- العراق خلال الفترة 2019-2020 , وقسمت هذه المواقع الى ثمان مناطق شملت ( مناطق سكنية, مناطق نفطية, مناطق زراعية, شوارع عامة, محطات وقود, محطات كهرباء, متنزهات عامة, مولدات كهربائية). قيست خصائص التربة ( الرطوبة النسبية, الأس الهيدروجيني, التوصيلية الكهربائية, الكاربون العضوي الكلي). وأظهرت النتائج ان قيم خصائص التربة تراوحت (الرطوبة النسبية ((%0.18-0.03 , الأس الهيدروجيني (8.16-6.90) , التوصيلية الكهربائية  (104.80-2.48) مليسيمنز\سم, الكاربون العضوي الكلي (%20.50-9.90)). استعمل جهاز الكروماتوغرافيا الغازية (GC) في قياس المركبات الهيدروكربونية الأروماتية المتعددة الحلقات في عينات التربة المستخلصة, وأظهرت النتائج ان تركيز المركبات الهيدروكربونية الأروماتية المتعددة الحلقات الكلي تراوح بين(5864.86-499.96) نانوغرام\غم وزن جاف  . أكثر المركبات الأروماتية السائدة محسوبة كنسبة مئوية في مناطق الدراسة ( مناطق سكنية, مناطق نفطية, مناطق زراعية, شوارع عامة, محطات وقود, محطات كهرباء, متنزهات عامة, مولدات كهربائية) في الفصل الجاف كانت (BghiP 36% , Chy 29% ,BkF 26% , BaP 18% ,BghiP 27% , InP 40% , BbF 19% and BbF 12%)  على التوالي, بينما في الفصل الرطب كانت (Pyr 22% , BbF 16%, BkF 32% , BbF 36% , BkF 38% , Pyr 26% , BbF 43% and Pyr 35%) على التوالي. وبتطبيق مجموعة من الادلة الحسابية لمعرفة مصادر المركبات الأروماتية في الترب المدروسة تبين ان المصدر مشترك ما بين التلوث النفطي وعمليات الحرق. وصنفت التربة بين مستوى ضعيف الى شديد التلوث بالمركبات الهيدروكربونية الأروماتية متعددة الحلقات.
Batch and flow injection spectrophotometric methods for determination of Ceftazidime in pharmaceutical formulations
Authors: Abdulkareem Huda , Hassan Mohammed Jasim M
Published: November 2022

تم وصف تقنيتين طيفيتين لقياس كمية السيفتازيديم (CFT) في الأدوية والتركيبات الصيدلانية.  فهي بسيطة وحساسة وانتقائية ودقيقة وفعالة.  يستخدم الأسلوب الأول وسيطًا قلويًا لتحويل السيفتازيديم إلى ملح الديازونيوم ، والذي يتم دمجه بعد ذلك مع كواشف1-Naphthol (1-NPT) و2)2-Naphthol-NPT).  تم إنتاج صبغة الآزو باللونين البني والأحمر ، مع كثافة امتصاص تصل إلى ƛmax 585nm and max 545nm ، على التوالي.  تم اتباع قانون بير من حيث مدى التركيز (3-40) لـ (CFT-1-NPT) و (CFT-2 NPT) ، كانت حدود الكشف 1.0096 and 0.8017 g.ml-1على التوالي ، وكانت الامتصاصية المولية  0.7926×104 and 0.5466×104 L.mol1cm-1. 0تُستخدم طريقة تحليل حقن التدفق (FIA) لتقدير السيفتازيديم وتسجيل القياسات باستخدام نهج الأشعة فوق البنفسجية المرئية في الإجراء الثاني.  يسمح حقن التدفق بتقدير دقيق للعقار في ظل ظروف تجريبية مثالية.  كانت التركيزات في نطاق(3-50)  لـ (CFT-1-NPT) و (CFT-2-NPT) ، وكانت حدود الكشف0.8102, 1.2809g.ml-1 . ، والامتصاصية المولية 0.9565×104  ,0.7106×104 L.mol-1. cm-1, على التوالي تم استخدام الأسلوبين المقترحين لتقدير السيفتازيديم في المستحضرات الصيدلانية بنجاح حيث تميزت هذه الطريقة بالبساطة والسرعة والدقة والتكلفة المنخفضة.
Biochemical Study on the Impact of Radiation-induced Oxidative Stress on Radiographers in the X-ray and CT-scan Departments
Authors: Haji Salih Omer , Hussein Jian Lateif
Published: November 2022

تم تحليل عواقب الإجهاد التأكسدي المتأين الناجم عن الإشعاع على مصوري الأشعة في أقسام الأشعة السينية والتصوير المقطعي باستخدام العديد من فحوصات الكيمياء الحيوية. وجدت الدراسة تناقضات كبيرة ملحوظة في التفاعل بين مستويات الأشعاع والجنس من حيث متوسط مالونديالديهيد ( MAD) ، فيتامين (D3) ، ثلاثي يودوثيرونين (T3) ، هرمون ثايروكسين (T4) و بروتين الدهني عالي الكثافة (HDL) ، و لكن ليس على هرمون الغدة  الدرقية ( TSH) والكوليسترول و الدهون الثلاثية ( TG) والبروتين الدهني منخفض الكثافة( LDL). تشير النتائج الى ان مالونديالديهيد هو علامة حيوية مفيدة لتقييم الإجهاد التأكسدي في التصوير الشعاعي مع التعرض للإشعاع المؤين.
Comparison of Faster R-CNN and YOLOv5 for Overlapping Objects Recognition
Authors: Yusro Muhamad Munawar , Ali Rozniza , Hitam Muhammad Suzuri
Published: November 2022

يعد تصنيف الجسم المتداخل أحد التحديات الرئيسية التي يواجهها الباحثون الذين يعملون في اكتشاف الأشياء والتعرف عليها. معظم الخوارزميات المتاحة التي تم تطويرها قادرة فقط على تصنيف أو التعرف على الأشياء التي تكون إما منفصلة بشكل فردي عن بعضها البعض أوجسم  واحد في مشهد (مشاهد) ، ولكن لا تتداخل مع اجسام  أدوات المطبخ. في هذا المشروع ، تم اقتراح خوارزميات Faster R-CNN و YOLOv5 لاكتشاف وتصنيف جسم متداخل في منطقة المطبخ. تم تطبيق YOLOv5 و Faster R-CNN على االاجسام المتداخلة حيث من المتوقع أن يتمكن المرشح أو النواة من فصل االجسم المتداخل في الطبقة المخصصة لتطبيق النماذج. تم استخدام قاعدة بيانات الصور المعيارية لأدوات المطبخ وأدوات المطبخ المتداخلة من الإنترنتااجسام مرجعية أساسية. تم تعيين مجموعات التقييم والتدريب / التحقق عند 20٪ و 80٪ على التوالي. قام هذا المشروع بتقييم أداء هذه التقنيات وتحليل نقاط قوتها وسرعاتها بناءً على الدقة والدقة ودرجةF1.  خلصت نتائج التحليل في هذا المشروع إلى أن YOLOv5 ينتج مربعات إحاطة دقيقة بينما يكتشف Faster R-CNN المزيد من االاجسام. في بيئة اختبار مماثلة ، يُظهر YOLOv5 أداءً أفضل من خوارزمية R-CNN الأسرع. بعد التشغيل في نفس البيئة، حصل هذا المشروع على دقة 0.8912 (89.12٪) لـ YOLOv5 و 0.8392 (83.92٪) لـ Faster R-CNN ، بينما كانت قيمة الخسارة 0.1852 لـ YOLOv5 و 0.2166 لأسرع  R-CNN. تعد المقارنة بين هاتين الطريقتين هي الأكثر حداثة ولم يتم تطبيقها مطلقًا في الكائنات المتداخلة وخاصة أدوات المطبخ.
Mn(II),Fe(III),Co(II)and Rh(III) complexes with azo ligand: Synthesis, characterization, thermal analysis and bioactivity
Authors: Reda Shaima Mohammed , Al-Hamdani Abbas Ali Salih
Published: November 2022

حضرت سلسلة لمعقدات ايونات المعادن من الليكاند الجديد 4- امينو (5- مثيل-ايكسازول-3- ايل)-بنزينسلفون اميد المشتقة من سلفاميثوكسازول و3- امينو فينول ، المعقدات احادية النوى لكل من المنغنيز الثنائي والحديد الثلاثي والكوبلت الثنائي والروديوم الثلاثيمن تفاعل الليكاند مع املاح ايونات المعادن. المركبات شخصت بأطياف تحت الحمراء وفوق البنفسجية –المرئية و الكتلة و الرنين النووي المغناطيسي للبروتون والكاربون ومنحنى التحلل الحراري الوزني والمسعر الحراري التفاضلي والحساسية المغناطيسية والتحليل الدقيق للعناصر ونسبة الايون ومحتوى الكلور والتوصيلية المولارية وفقا للدراسات التحليلية اعطت المعقدات شكل ثماني السطوح(1:2) (  ليكاند : فلز )  وبينت الدراسات الحرارية ان المعقدات تحوي جزيئات متناسقة.
Synthesis and characterization of magnetic bifunctional nano-catalyst for the production of biodiesel from Madhuca indica oil
Authors: Ramasamy Sivakumar Sivakumar Vadakku Mannam , Booramurthy Vijaya Kumar , Pandian Sivakumar , Albaqami Munirah Dukhi , Alotabi Reham Ghazi
Published: November 2022

The reusable magnetic bifunctional nano-catalyst (Fe3O4.Cs2O) was synthesized by co-precipitation and incipient wetness impregnation method. It was utilized for the transesterification of Madhuca indica (M. indica) oil with methanol. The prepared catalyst, cesium oxide doped on the nano-magnetite core was characterized by using Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Further, the activity of the catalyst was investigated by subjecting it to biodiesel reaction. To maximize the biodiesel conversion, studies were carried out by varying the parameters like catalyst concentration, methanol-to-oil molar ratio, reaction temperature and reaction time. The yield of 97.4 wt% was obtained at the holding conditions: 18:1 methanol-to-oil ratio, 7 wt% catalyst loading, 65°C reaction temperature and 300 min of reaction time. Moreover, the catalyst recyclability was also studied and found that it can be recycled up to 12 cycles with a conversion of above 90%. The biodiesel’s fuel properties were analyzed and compared with the ASTM standard.
Impact of oral statin therapy on clinical outcomes in patients with cT1 breast cancer
Authors: Takada Koji , Kashiwagi Shinichiro , Iimori Nozomi , Kouhashi Rika , Yabumoto Akimichi , Goto Wataru , Asano Yuka , Tauchi Yukie , Morisaki Tamami , Ogisawa Kana , Shibutani Masatsune , Tanaka Hiroaki , Maeda Kiyoshi
Published: November 2022

Purpose: A meta-analysis examining the relationship between statin use and breast cancer reported that the inhibitory effect of statins on breast cancer may be more pronounced in early-stage cases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of hyperlipidemia treatment at the time of breast cancer diagnosis and to examine its correlation with metastasis to axillary lymph nodes among patients with so-called cT1 breast cancer whose primary lesion was 2 cm or less and was pathologically evaluated by sentinel lymph node biopsy or axillary lymph node dissection. We also investigated the effects of hyperlipidemic drugs on the prognosis of patients with early-stage breast cancer.
Methods: After excluding cases that did not meet the criteria, we analyzed data from 719 patients who were diagnosed with breast cancer, with a primary lesion of 2 cm or less identified by preoperative imaging, and who underwent surgery without preoperative chemotherapy.
Results: Regarding hyperlipidemia drugs, no correlation was found between statin use and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.226), although a correlation was found between lipophilic statin use and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.042). Also, the disease-free survival periods were prolonged following treatment of hyperlipidemia (p = 0.047, hazard ratio: 0.399) and statin administration (p = 0.028, hazard ratio: 0.328).
Conclusion: In cT1 breast cancer, the results suggest that oral statin therapy may contribute to favorable outcomes.
Acromioclavicular joint reconstruction: An analysis of the readability and quality of online patient information
Authors: O’Dwyer Liam , Murphy Ben , O’Farrell Dermot
Published: November 2022

Background: Currently, patients use the internet for health information relating to surgery. The aim of this study is to assess the readability and quality of online health information relating to acromioclavicular joint reconstruction. We hypothesize that the information will be of poor quality and be too difficult to read for the average patient.
Methods: The top 50 results from Google, Bing, and yahoo (MeSH “acromioclavicular joint reconstruction”, “ac joint reconstruction”) were used for analysis. Readability was assessed using 3 scores (Gunning FOG (GF), Flesch Kincaid Grade (FKG), and Flesch Reading Ease (FRE), these scores were generated using an online calculator (www.readable.com). Quality was assessed using a HONcode google toolbar extension and JAMA benchmark criteria.
Results: 116 URLs were subject to analysis. The mean GF was 12.11 ± 2.88. The mean FKG was 10.59 ± 2.15. The mean FRE was 38.86 ± 13.27. FRE score found no website pitched at 6th grade level, and only 4 (3.4%) and 2 (1.7%) of the websites were pitched at this level according to the GF and FKG scores respectively. The mean JAMA score was 1.91 ± 1.51. Only 10 websites had HONcode certification.
Conclusion: The quality of online patient information pertaining to acromioclavicular joint reconstruction is of poor quality and is too difficult to read. Providing high quality online information, that is easy to read for the average patient, will lead to better patient contribution to the shared-decision making process, and thus better patient outcomes.
Changes in fish species diversity, size structure and distribution in the trawlable demersal zones of Lake Malawi, Malawi
Authors: M'balaka Mwamad Salim , Kaunda Emmanuel , Kanyerere Geoffrey Z. , Jamu Daniel , Msukwa Amulike
Published: November 2022

A study was conducted to assess temporal and spatial changes in the trawlable demersal zones of Lake Malawi. Data from surveys conducted in 1998 and 2020 targeting 120 stations covering a surface area of 9,647.97km2 was used. Trawling speed of Research Vessel Ndunduma was restricted to 4.6km/hr. Length frequency distribution was modelled with the probability density function for determining the likelihoods in the gamma distribution. Parameters for modal length and logistic modelling were guessed and Solver in Microsoft Excel 2021 was used to generate the best of fit values through iteration with GRG Nonlinear approach. The study determined fish diversity using the Shannon and Weiner relationship. The recent survey recorded fewer fish species (149) against 158 sampled in the previous survey. The overall catch rates in 2020 and 1998 ranged from 3.8kg/0.5hr to 2003.8kg/0.5hr and 28.7 kg/0.5 to 1,884.3 kg/0.5hr, respectively. Overall fish density in the 2020 and 1998 surveys was calculated at 11.7tons/km2 and 7.5tons/km2, respectively representing a 35.6% drop. The study has revealed temporal and spatial shifts in the fish stock composition, distribution and abundance which necessitates urgent management interventions to prevent further fisheries resource losses. Efforts to regulate mesh sizes of the cod-ends of trawlers are encouraged just like the initiative of introducing a closed season for the commercial operators.
Structural basis of sequence-specific cytosine deamination by double-stranded DNA deaminase toxin DddA
Authors: Aihara Hideki , Yin Lulu , Shi Ke
Published: November 2022

An interbacterial deaminase toxin DddA catalyzes cytosine-to-uracil conversion in double-stranded (ds) DNA and enables CRISPR-free mitochondrial base editing, but the molecular mechanisms underlying its unique substrate selectivity remained unknown. Here we report crystal structures of DddA bound to a dsDNA substrate containing the 5'-TC target motif. The structures show that DddA binds to the minor groove of a sharply bent dsDNA and engages the target cytosine extruded from the double-helix. DddA Phe1375 intercalates in dsDNA and displaces the 5' (–1) thymine, which in turn replaces the target (0) cytosine and forms a non-canonical T-G base-pair with the juxtaposed guanine. This “domino effect” mechanism allows DddA to locate the target cytosine without flipping it into the active site. Biochemical experiments show that DNA base-mismatches enhance DddA deaminase activity and relax its sequence selectivity. Based on the structural information, we further identified DddA mutants that exhibit attenuated activity or altered substrate preference. Our studies may help design novel tools useful in genome editing or other applications.
Spontaneous, persistent T-cell dependent IFN-γ release in patients who progress to Long COVID
Authors: Krishna Benjamin , Lim Eleanor , Mactavous Lenette , Jackson Sarah , Team NIHR BioResource Team NIHR BioResource , Lyons Paul , Doffinger Rainer , Bradley John , Smith Kenneth , Sinclair John , Matheson Nicholas , Lehner Paul , Sithole Nyaradzai , Wills Mark
Published: November 2022

After acute infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a significant proportion (0.2 – 30%) of patients experience persistent symptoms beyond 12 weeks, termed Long COVID. Understanding the mechanisms which cause this debilitating disease and identifying biomarkers for diagnostic, therapeutic and monitoring purposes is urgently required. Persistently high levels of IFN-γ were detected from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of Long COVID patients using highly sensitive FluoroSpot assays. This IFN-γ release was seen in the absence of ex vivo peptide stimulation and remains persistently elevated in Long Covid patients, unlike the resolution seen in patients recovering from acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. IFN-γ release was CD8+ T cell mediated and dependent on MHC-I antigen presentation by CD14+ cells. After vaccination, a significant decrease in IFN-γ correlated with resolution of some Long COVID symptoms. Our study highlights a key mechanism underlying Long COVID, enabling the search for biomarkers and therapeutics in patients with Long COVID.
Effects of pipelle endometrial biopsy on pretreatment tumor sampling for advanced ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancers
Authors: Tamura Ryo , Kitani Yohei , Takahashi Kotaro , Yamaguchi Masayuki , Nishikawa Nobumichi , Kawasaki Takashi , Kikuchi Akira
Published: November 2022

Pipelle endometrial biopsy has been widely performed as an effective and minimally invasive test for endometrial diseases. However, the effectiveness of pretreatment pipelle endometrial biopsy in the ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancers remains unexplored. We performed pretreatment pipelle endometrial biopsy for 90 patients with ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancers from January 2014 to November 2021. We retrospectively analyzed the association between the results of pipelle endometrial biopsy and clinicopathological data. 25/61 (41.0%) cases with clinical stage II or higher were diagnosed with pipelle endometrial biopsy-positive (Pipelle-positive) and Pipelle-positive was not observed in 29 cases with clinical stage I. Pipelle-positive had significantly more high-grade serous carcinomas, positive peritoneal cytology, positive endometrial cytology, and positive cervical cytology than pipelle endometrial biopsy-negative cases. In 23 Pippele-positive, we confirmed surgical pathology, and 17/23 (74.0%) had a completely same diagnosis with pipelle endometrial biopsy. Conversely, 6/23 (26.0%) showed a minor diagnostic discrepancy between pipelle endometrial biopsy and surgical pathology. Companion diagnostic tests were performed using pipelle endometrial biopsy samples in four primarily inoperable patients and all tests were evaluable. Pipelle endometrial biopsy may allow for prompt histological diagnosis and initiation of chemotherapy while collecting tumor tissue for genetic testing in some advanced cases.