bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Secondary Bud Gas Exchange, Growth, and Fruitfulness of Vitis vinifera L. cultivars, ‘Grenache’ and ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ Grown on the Texas High Plains
Authors: Montague Thayne , Graff Emily , Kar Suraj
Published: December 2020

In 2017, the grape and wine industry had an overall economic impact of $13.1 billion within the state of Texas. The majority of grapes grown in Texas are produced within the Texas High Plains American Viticultural Area (AVA). However, vineyards within the Texas High Plains AVA are subject to late spring frosts which can potentially diminish fruit quality, and reduce crop production. To assist in planning and production efforts, Texas High Plains AVA grape growers require information regarding vine secondary bud growth and fruitfulness. Therefore, the objectives of this experiment were to compare the growth and fruitfulness of shoots grown from primary and secondary buds ofVitis viniferaL. ‘Grenache’ and ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ vines grafted to 110R rootstocks. Vines were planted in an experimental vineyard in 2008. Each year over two consecutive growing seasons (2016 – 2017) vines were exposed to the following treatments: primary bud growth intact, and following bud break allowing primary bud shoot growth to reach 15.0 cm in length then removing primary bud shoots (forcing growth from secondary buds). Gas exchange, growth, fruitfulness, and fruit total soluble solid data were collected each year. Collected data followed similar trends each growing season. Hence, data from each growing season were pooled. Gas exchange data indicate leaves from primary shoots had lower photosynthetic rates, and stomatal conductance when compared to leaves grown on secondary shoots. In addition, ‘Grenache’ leaves had greater gas exchange when compared to ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ leaves. Pruning weights, vine yield, cluster mass, and total soluble solids were greater for shoots grown from primary buds. ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ vines had greater pruning weights, but ‘Grenache’ vines had greater crop load (Ravaz Index) and cluster mass. Yield and total soluble solids did not differ between grape cultivars, but the number of clusters from each vine, and berry mass varied with cultivar and bud treatment. In the late spring frost-prone Texas High Plains AVA, cultivar selection continues to be a critical factor for vineyard success. Results indicate decreased yields from all vines with shoot growth only from secondary buds. However, even though ‘Grenache’ and ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ vines responded differently to bud treatments (‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ vines generally produced a greater number of smaller clusters when compared to ‘Grenache’ vines), for each cultivar overall yield was similar across all bud treatments. Therefore, Texas High Plains AVA and other grape producers now have additional information that may assist them when making critical vineyard management choices.
TORNAR-SE MÃE DE UMA CRIANÇA COM PARALISIA CEREBRAL: SENTIMENTOS VIVENCIADOS
Authors: Freitag Vera Lucia , Milbrath Viviane Marten , Motta Maria da Graça Corso da
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: compreender a vivência da mulher ao tornar-se mãe de uma criança com necessidades especiais decorrentes da paralisia cerebral. Metodologia: estudo qualitativo, fenomenológico/hermenêutico, realizado em um município ao norte do Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil, com dez mães/cuidadoras de crianças/adolescentes com paralisia cerebral, entre abril a junho/2015. Para a coleta de informações utilizou-se a entrevista fenomenológica. A interpretação compreendeu abordagem hermenêutica. Resultados: a mãe, ao receber o diagnóstico de paralisia cerebral, ocorre uma reorganização do seu modo de ser-no-mundo para se adaptar à nova situação existencial. E, a partir desse momento, inicia um viver em função do cuidado do filho. Conclusões: o estudo traz a possibilidade de reflexão para os profissionais de saúde a fim de compreender todo o processo vivenciado pela mãe, auxiliando-a nesta nova situação existencial, compreendendo-a nas fases que compõem o processo de adaptação à condição de mãe de uma criança com paralisia cerebral.
Editorial: Novo Sistema Operacional e Citações no SPELL
Authors: Vieira Francisco Giovanni David
Published: December 2020

Editorial de apresentação da RIMAR, volume 10, número 1, janeiro-junho de 2020.
O Símbolo Como Perspectiva de Marca na Comunicação de Times de Futebol
Authors: Scharf Edson Roberto , Belz Elton , Silva Ana
Published: December 2020

O estudo pretende analisar a identidade de marca de times de futebol da série A do Campeonato Brasileiro, a partir da perspectiva de marca como símbolo, com uso da técnica de Análise Crítica de Discurso. Ao final, houve predomínio do elemento de imagens visuais como parte do símbolo, uma das perspectivas da marca. A linguagem adotada pelos clubes, a de imagens, contribui significativamente para a lembrança da marca.
A Day in the Life of a Student: Facilitator Guide
Authors: Mahat Marian , Imms Wesley
Published: December 2020

A Day in the Life of a Student workshop is a design thinking workshop developed by DLR Group (an integrated design firm) and adapted by the Innovative Learning Environment and Teacher Change project at the University of Melbourne, Australia. The activities involve educators mapping out how one student spends his/her day in school and building a model of the learning environment based on this one student. With an emphasis on the visual learning that comes from modelling experiences, this workshop helps participants develop student-improvement focused practices in innovative learning environments.
Cultura de la violación, un análisis del continuo en la violencia sexual que viven las mujeres
Authors: Hernández Briceño Sergio José
Published: December 2020

La violencia sexual se destaca como una de las expresiones de la Violencia Basada en Género; siendo esta expresión, una de las mayormente sufridas por las mujeres en diversas partes del mundo y en distintos ámbitos de índole familiar, laboral, social. A raíz de la presente investigación se analiza el contexto nicaragüense y mexicano, como escenarios de la región latinoamericana, donde se normalizan y justifican las diversas manifestaciones de violencias sufridas por las mujeres, todo ello a partir de una cultura de violación legitimadas por sociedades de ambos contextos. Se pretende reconocer los factores que influyen en la normalización y justificación ante situaciones de violencia sexual que sufren las mujeres, identificándose las prácticas de re victimización constantes que la sociedad proyecta ante estos escenarios de violencia hacia la mujer, afectando con ello, el desarrollo integral y autonomía de las mujeres violentadas. Es necesario reconocer las expresiones de la cultura de la violación desde una perspectiva holística y compleja que de pautas para interpretar y relacionar la misma con elementos sociales, jurídicos, cotidianos. La información recolectada aporta a determinar la forma en que el imaginario social refuerza y avala una cultura transgresora de derechos humanos; partiendo de este nivel de concientización para sustentar ideas y propuestas estratégicas que mermen los efectos de una cultura de violación. El presente artículo se elabora desde una perspectiva integral, con métodos - técnicas de investigación cualitativa y documental.
PERCEPTION OF SUDANO-SAHELIAN’S PEOPLE ON DESERTIFICATION AND ITS PROCESS
Authors: Ezeh FC , Ogwo PA
Published: December 2020

Desertification is a major challenge for the people of the Sudano-Sahelian. Some of its effects on Sudano-Sahelians include hunger arising from a degraded soil, absence of portable water and general poverty. Incidentally, the action of humans has been implicated as major causative factors of desertification. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate if the bearers of the burden of desertification are the major causes of the problem. Zamfara state was randomly picked from among the eleven frontline states that fall within the Sudano-Sahelia region. Applying the Taro Yamen’s formula, 500 farmers comprising 50 large scale farmers and 450 small scale farmers were selected and interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Data were computed using SPSS version 20, while correlation and regression analyses were applied to test the hypothesis as regards significant relationship between desertification and the perception of the people. The results indicated no significant relationship (p>0.054) between desertification and the perception of the people. In conclusion, though the people are aware that their activities impacted desertification but are handicapped in terms of possessing the resources to fight it. Hence, they continued with their way of life and thereby aggravating an already bad situation.
REVISITING THE ISSUE OF WOMEN’S PARTICIPATION IN NATIONAL-STATE BUILDING THE KOMI AUTONOMY IN 1920–1930s
Authors: Kirosova Natalia V.
Published: December 2020

The study of the gender aspect in the personnel policy of the RCP (b) – ACP (b) during the period of the Soviet power establishment is one of the most interesting historical issues. The article discusses the experience of involving women in the political life of the Komi Autonomous Region – the Komi ASSR in the first years of statehood formation. On the example of creating women’s organizations in the party-state apparatus and their participation in delegate meetings, the first experience of women’s socialization into the “new life” is summarized. The article presents as well the results of analyzing the social-demographic and social-professional information about women-participants of Komi regional party conferences held during the specified period. The study was carried out using such sources as questionnaires and registration lists of women-delegates containing personal data on their age, nationality, party experience, social position, education level. Documents and materials of sixteen party conferences were processed – from January 1922 to January 1940. Based on the study of social characteristics of activists of the women’s movement it is established that mainly representatives of the indigenous nationality took part in the work of the supreme governing body, of whom a significant part belonged to the peasant community. In the composition of the women’s delegate corps of the 1920s there were more women who had secondary education, while at the regional conference held in the 1930s, mainly delegates with primary level of education were present. Personal data obtained from the archival sources give the opportunity to form a generalized social portrait of women, occupying the managerial positions in the party-state authorities. Most of them were communists of indigenous nationality, employees by their social status; they had a secondary or higher education and had the teaching background. The author analyzes their movement through the ranks which changed the social status of the women’s movement activists. However, despite the comprehensive women’s involvement in the socio-political life of the Komi region, in the community of the supreme party-state leadership there was a considerable gender asymmetry.
Zucht und Haltung immundefizienter Mauslinien unter SPF-Bedingungen
Authors: Kammertoens Thomas , Schüler Thomas
Published: December 2020

Zucht und Haltung immundefizienter Mäuse müssen gegenwärtig in Europa als Tierversuch beantragt werden. Das zugrunde liegende Gesetz basiert auf der Annahme, dass Immundefizienz per se zur Beeinträchtigung des Tierwohls führt, auch wenn die Mäuse frei von Infektionen gehalten werden. Allein die Annahme einer Infektionsanfälligkeit bei potentiellen Hygieneeinbrüchen ist ausschlaggebend für die Genehmigungspflicht. Aktuelle Daten zeigen nun, dass es für zwei schwer immundefiziente Mauslinien keine messbaren Hinweise für Belastungen unter
SPF-Bedingungen gibt. Im vorliegenden Artikel beleuchten wir diese neuen Erkenntnisse aus immunologischer Sicht und diskutieren mögliche Konsequenzen für die Belastungsbeurteilung und Genehmigungsverfahren der Zucht und
Haltung immundefizienter Mäuse.
CAR-NK-Zellen im Einsatz der Immunonkologie
Authors: Quaiser Andrea , Arseniev Lubomir , Koehl Ulrike
Published: December 2020

Die adoptive Immuntherapie ist ein vielversprechender Ansatz im Kampf gegen Krebs. Nach dem großen Erfolg und ersten Erfahrungen mit der Verwendung von CAR (chimärer Antigen-Rezeptor)-T-Zellen stehen weitere Immunzellen im Fokus der Wissenschaft. NK-Zellen sind durch ihr angeborenes Potenzial zur Vernichtung von Tumorzellen sowie virusinfizierten Zellen verheißungsvolle Kandidaten. Die Ausrüstung mit einem chimären Antigen-Rezeptor kann dieses Potenzial noch verstärken. Das geringe Nebenwirkungsprofil bei allogener Gabe prädestiniert sie als „off-the-shelf“-Produkt. Die Entwicklung des Produktes und Überwindung von Tumor-Immun-Escape-Mechanismen sowie die Optimierung der Herstellung stehen aktuell im Mittelpunkt wissenschaftlicher Bemühungen. Erste Ergebnisse klinischer Studien mit CAR-NK-Zellen belegen deren Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit. Dies kann den Weg für eine weitere hocheffiziente Therapie in der Immunonkologie ebnen.
La dirección del agua. César Vallejo en Chaski (Cusco, 1972-1974)
Authors: Barrós Manuel
Published: December 2020

Este artículo estudia los usos políticos de la obra e imagen de César Vallejo publicada en Chaski. Semanario de los pueblos jóvenes (1972-1974), de la ORAMS VII. Como esta publicación tuvo la función de difundir el trabajo que hacía dicho organismo en la región, como parte de SINAMOS, la literatura allí publicada también promovió la toma de consciencia de la realidad social peruana —local y nacional— que estaba cambiando a favor de la población andina, los históricamente explotados. Vallejo fue el autor más publicado en varios formatos, lo que orientaba sus contenidos a la población de los pueblos jóvenes beneficiados —en Apurímac, Cusco y Madre de Dios— por las reformas del gobierno de Velasco Alvarado. Mostraré que los textos de Vallejo contribuyeron a promover una retórica reivindicativa y nacionalista, legitimando el proyecto político velasquista, además de que su imagen fue usada como parte de la simbología revolucionaria. Todo esto convirtió a Vallejo, en su etapa marxista, en un agente de la política cultural local del gobierno desde la ORAMS VII.
TCM-coded OFDM assisted by ANN in Wireless Channels
Authors: Misra Aradhana , Sarma Kandarpa Kumar
Published: December 2020

The objective of this paper is to use Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in conjunction with M-ary PSK Trellis Coded Modulation (TCM) based Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) as a means of achieving higher throughput and performance improvement
in multi path fading channel. Simulation results are presented, that shows the superiority of the ANN-based approach, as a means to decode the signal at the receiver side, over conventional TCM decoding schemes. The performance gain is due to the adaptive learning capability of the ANN that can use the Transmitter Side Information (TSI), Receiver Side Information (RSI) and Channel Side Information (CSI) to perform decoding and symbol recovery simultaneously. 4-PSK and 8-PSK TCM-codes have been considered in this work along with OFDM transmission technique.
Konsep Jual Beli Dalam Perspektif Al-Quran Dan Al-Sunnah (Urgensitas Penerapan Prinsip Halalan Thayyiban sebagai indikator dalam Mengukur Hukum Keabsahan terhadap Praktik Jual Beli)
Authors: Ramdan Acep Faizal , Purnamasari Neli
Published: December 2020

This research is based on the fact that the majority of Indonesian Muslims do not yet understand the concept of good buying and selling perspective of the Quran and Al-Sunnah. The concept of buying and selling that they understand is only for the fulfillment of the buyer's needs, and to pursue the seller's profit, without considering the maslahat and its mafsadat. The purpose of this research is to describe the urgency of the principle of halalan thayyiban in the concept of buying and selling according to the Quran and Al-Sunnah. The method used is descriptive, by presenting the concept of buying and selling according to the perspective of the Quran and Al-Sunnah, while the data collection technique is a study of libraries from journals and books related. The results showed that the sale of halalan tayyiban was a necessity because it was part of the terms of the trade. The trade transaction is not halal and good then the sale becomes bathi. The basis of the law of buying and selling with halalan thayyiban is Q.S. al-Baqarah: 172-173 and hadeeth by Bukhari Muslim in the book of Bulughul Maram hadeeth to 801, on the prohibition of buying and selling.
Un pájaro de sueño sobre los campos de batalla: Valle-Inclán y Walter Benjamin frente a la crisis de la narración
Authors: Ledesma Vanesa
Published: December 2020

Un pájaro de sueño sobre los campos de batalla: Valle-Inclán y Walter Benjamin frente a la crisis de la narración
Mujeres, guerras y memorias subalternas de Filipinas a Galicia: Los (des)afectos en Merlinda Bobis y Simón Casal
Authors: Núñez-Puente Carolina
Published: December 2020

Este artículo compara dos obras, “Fish-hair woman” (i.e. Mujer pelo-pez) (1999) –un relato de la filipino-australiana Merlinda Bobis– y Lobos sucios (2015) –una película del gallego Simón Casal–, ambas inspiradas en hechos reales. Mi objetivo principal es analizar la representación de las mujeres en las guerras, ya que raramente pasan a la historia; así pues, considero mis objetos de estudio como memorias subalternas (ej. Traverso 2007) que pueden intervenir en el discurso histórico. Mi perspectiva crítica es interdisciplinar, incluyendo estudios sobre violencia de género (ej. Sanford, Stefatos y Salvi 2016), memoria histórica (ej. Yusta 2018), teoría del afecto (ej. Ahmed 2004) y feminismo (ej. Garcia 2018). A pesar de la distancia entre los escenarios de Lobos sucios y “Fish-hair woman”, las protagonistas muestran que las mujeres rurales tienen talento y capacidad para llevar a cabo acciones decisivas en los ámbitos público y privado. Muchos temas desarrollados en ambas obras coinciden: la violencia contra las mujeres se multiplica durante las luchas armadas (ej. abuso sexual, tortura), mientras ellas se las arreglan para sobrevivir y rebelarse; la naturaleza, particularmente el río, ofrece asistencia a las víctimas de las contiendas; el cuidado y lo sobrenatural se vinculan a la mujer rural más allá de los parámetros patriarcales; finalmente, el amor intersubjectivo, especialmente entre personas de culturas diferentes (i.e. una filipina y un australiano, una gallega y un belga), se revela como una fuerza poderosa para combatir el horror de la guerra. Bobis y Casal hacen un uso sofisticado de los recursos formales (ej. realismo mágico, simbolismo) que invita al público a insertarnos en la atmósfera de sus tramas y reflexionar sobre ellas. Además de denunciar la violencia de género en los conflictos armados, Bobis y Casal muestran que de las vidas de las mujeres rurales están lejos del estereotipo, mereciendo ser revisadas en profundidad.
Voice Reversals and Syntactic Structure: Evidence from Hittite
Authors: Yates Anthony D. , Gluckman John
Published: December 2020

We address the relationship between syntactic valency and voice morphology in Hittite (Anatolian, Indo-European), focusing on cases where active syntax is expressed using non-active morphology, and vice versa. We argue that apparent “mismatches” between syntax and morphology are strictly a morphological rather than a syntactic phenomenon (contra Alexiadou et al. 2015; Grestenberger 2018). Our study highlights voice “reversals” — i.e., cases in which the expected mismatch disappears and morphological and syntactic valency match. We determine that such reversals correlate with morphological locality, and cannot be derived by hierarchical factors. Our findings provide a novel argument for a uniform syntactic structure of voice (Wood 2015; Wood & Marantz 2018).
De paraulaires, paraulistes i parauladors. Ensenyar formació de paraules i no morir en l'intent: propostes per a l'aula
Authors: Bernal Elisenda
Published: December 2020

L’ensenyament de la formació de paraules, en tots els nivells, sol ser una tasca àrdua per al professorat, per tal com explicar les regles que la regeixen i les restriccions a les quals algunes estan sotmeses no és obvi sempre. A aquest fet s’hi ha de sumar el poc temps de què se sol disposar i, sobretot, una oferta d’activitats per treballar-la poc estimulant i poc variada. Aquest article presenta propostes alternatives per introduir els diversos mecanismes de formació de paraules a l’aula, tant per al català com per al castellà, des de tots els nivells educatius, de primària a batxillerat, però també per a aprenents d’aquestes dues llengües com a llengua estrangera.
La formación de palabras en el aula: observar, pensar y reflexionar
Authors: Serrano Dolader David
Published: December 2020

En los últimos tiempos, se ha empezado a prestar una merecida atención a la morfología léxica del español desde perspectivas que ponen el foco en un acercamiento pedagógico y didáctico directamente orientado al aula. En todas las etapas de enseñanza, el potenciamiento de la conciencia morfológica y de la reflexión metalingüística deben ser claves en las que fundamentar el proceso de aprendizaje. A partir de un breve decálogo de citas para la reflexión teórica, en el artículo se proponen diversos tipos de actividades que permitan al alumno centrarse en la reflexión inductiva sobre cómo operan los procesos de formación de palabras en español. El objetivo último es que sea el estudiante el que –a través de actividades formuladas de manera guiada– pueda ir obteniendo conclusiones y generalizaciones, y sea capaz incluso de ir descubriendo cuáles deben ser los límites de su propio aprendizaje morfológico en etapas preuniversitarias de su educación.
THE STRATEGY OF WAGING HYBRID WARFARE IN THE 21ST CENTURY
Authors: Mitręga Adrian
Published: December 2020

Over the last decade, the concept of hybrid warfare has aroused great in-terest among the global community dealing with security issues, both military, and non-military. The specificity of hybrid warfare is that the fight is not for territories, but for the minds, and attitudes of citizens of other countries, and the means of combat are very sophisticated. Any hybrid war is based on a strategy that involves achievement victory by setting goals, overall plan and systematic impact on ene-my's vulnerabilities using a hybrid threat complex. In connection with the above, the aim of the article is to present the role of the strategy in waging hybrid war-fare, as well as in developing mechanisms to counteract hybrid threats.
A review of the radar absorber material and structures
Authors: Aytaç Ayhan , İpek Hüseyin , Aztekin Kadir , Çanakçı Burak
Published: December 2020

The development of technologies that can rival the devices used by other countries in the defense industry, and more importantly, can disable their devices is becoming more critical. Radar absorber materials (RAM) make the detection of the material on the radar difficult because of absorbing a part of the electromagnetic wave sent by the radar. Considering that radar is one of the most important technologies used in the defense industry, the production of non-radar materials is vital for all countries in the world. Covering a gun platform with radar absorber material reduces the radar-cross-sectional area (RCA) value representing the visibility of that platform on the radar. This review aims to present the electromagnetic principles and developed Radar Absorbent Materials (RAM) during decades from the 1960s. The frequency range 8-12 GHz in the electromagnetic spectrum is named the microwave region and used in airport radar applications. Revised basis of electromagnetic theory and defined by a variety of absorbent materials and some design classification types and techniques are described in this article.
WebAssembly potentials: A performance analysis on desktop environment and opportunities for discussions to its application on CPS environment
Authors: Souza Junior João Lourenço , de Oliveira Davi , Praxedes Victor , Simiao Dennys
Published: December 2020

The Web started as a simple document-sharing network and today has evolved to become a consolidated and ubiquitous platform for creation and application distribution. To explore its demands, web browser vendors have been working on new technologies like WebAssembly, a new type of machine language for a conceptual machine instead of a real physical machine, supported by the modern web browsers, providing new features and greater performance for web applications. At the other end, embedded devices have also evolved along with applications. However, there are still semantic heterogeneity, maintainability, and development issues inherent to the vast number of devices and services that operates in the numerous domains of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). The overall objective of this work is to study the WebAssembly technology through a performance analysis in a desktop environment, presenting empirical comparisons between the execution of a program compiled in native machine code and the same program compiled in WebAssembly, to verify its flexibility to compile code written in different languages for web applications and maintain similar performance to their native applications counterpart. We also point out the opportunities and challenges to potentially apply WebAssembly as a semantic abstraction layer for embedded devices in CPS development.
Research progress of polymer based dielectrics for high-temperature capacitor energy storage
Authors: Dong Jiu-Feng , Deng Xing-Lei , Niu Yu-Juan , Pan Zi-Zhao , Wang Hong ,   Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China,   School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
Published: December 2020

Dielectric capacitors are widely used in modern electronic systems and power systems because of their advantages of fast charge discharge speed and high-power density. Nowadays, the new products related to renewable energy, such as hybrid electric vehicles, grid connected photovoltaic power generation and wind turbines, downhole oil, gas exploration, etc., put forward higher requirements for the energy storage capabilities of dielectric capacitors in elevated-temperature. In this review, the research progress of the polymer-based dielectrics for high-temperature capacitor energy storage in recent years is systematically reviewed to offer benefits for further study. Firstly, the physical mechanism of energy storage of dielectric materials is introduced, and several conduction mechanisms of dielectric materials are summarized and analyzed; then, several strategies to improve the high-temperature energy storage performance of polymer dielectrics are presented, including the nanocomposite modification and design of layer-structured polymer composites, and the molecular structure design and chemical crosslinking treatment of dielectric polymer. Finally the scientific and technological problems in the application of dielectric polymer and their nanocomposites for high-temperature capacitor energy storage are discussed, and a possible research direction in the future is prospected.
Accuracy of Current Non-invasive Methods in Estimating Aortic Coarctation Gradients
Authors: Atiyah Wejdan Khaled Ba- , Zahr Riad Abou , Ahmad Zaheer , Mahdi Yahia Mohamed El , Galal Mohammed Omar
Published: December 2020

Aims: To understand the accuracy of non-invasively obtained blood pressure gradients (cuff vs Doppler gradient) with an invasively measured pressure gradient.

Study Design:  Retrospective study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, between Jan, 2010 till Jan, 2020.

Methodology: A retrospective study of patients with CoA who underwent cardiac catheterization between Jan, 2010 till Jan, 2020 was performed. Cuff BP gradients and Doppler echocardiography were measured prior to cardiac catheterization and afterwards, when an intervention was performed. Student t test and Bland-Altman analysis were performed.

Results: 55 patients with aortic coarctation underwent 92 cardiac catheterizations. Among them 75 needed interventions. This resulted in a total of 162 cardiac catheterizations (cath), from them 67 pressure gradients included in the analysis. There was no statistically significant difference between mean Doppler measurements and invasively derived catheter gradients (p=0.12). In contrast peak Doppler measurement (p < 0.00001) and cuff blood pressure gradients (p=0.03) showed significant differences to the cath gradient. We found that cuff blood pressure gradients accurately reflected cath measurement in native COA (p=0.40) and in those who weigh less than 10 kg (p=0.67). Mean Doppler measurements had a small tendency for underestimation. Peak Doppler gradient and cuff pressure gradient usually overestimated cath measurement. 

Conclusion: The mean Doppler echocardiography seems to be the most accurate among the other noninvasive methods in use to estimate severity of aortic coarctation. It provided reasonable agreement with the invasively obtained aortic coarctation gradient.
A Novel Approach for the Determination of an Optimal Medium for Improving Rapid Micropropagation of Cucurbit Citrullus mucosospermus Fursa
Authors: Gwladys Gnamien Yah , Tchoa Koné , Georges Yao Kouakou Abessika , Justin Yatty Kouadio , Arsène Zoro Bi Irié , Pierre Baudoin Jean-
Published: December 2020

The search for a suitable medium for In vitro regeneration, whatever the species cultured, is always done by tests including successive steps of removal of components of the culture medium that do not give the expected results. This is the usual procedure. However, the effects of interactions are not taken into account. It is therefore with the aim of taking into account the interactions between the constituents of the culture medium in the formulation of the medium that motivated the present study. Therefore, in order to find the optimal composition with a minimum of experiments or trials, experimental planning was a particularly useful tool. The results of the experiments are analyzed and recommended response values are calculated. A Box-Behnken design wasused by varying three factors: MS mineral elements, sucrose and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Agar concentration has been kept constant. Shoot induction depended on the interaction between levels of sucrose, BAP and MS mineral elements in the medium. The optimum formulation for numerous shoots production is medium containing 1.5 strength of MS mineral elements, 35 g/l sucrose and 1 mg/l BAP solidified with 6 g/l agar. After 3 weeks of culture, 76.7% of the cotyledon explants (proximal parts) regenerated shoots with an average of 12 shoots per explant and a mean shoot length of 17 mm. Compared with the usual procedure, this procedure showed an increment of shoots number per explant and shoot length. The shoots regenerated were directly rooted. Overall, these results make a relevant contribution to the optimization of In vitro propagation of Citrullus mucosospermus Fursa oleaginous type and other hard to propagate related species.
Deep Learning Enables Superior Photoacoustic Imaging at Ultralow Laser Dosages
Authors: Zhao Huangxuan , Ke Ziwen , Yang Fan , Li Ke , Chen Ningbo , Song Liang , Zheng Chuansheng , Liang Dong , Liu Chengbo
Published: December 2020

Optical‐resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR‐PAM) is an excellent modality for in vivo biomedical imaging as it noninvasively provides high‐resolution morphologic and functional information without the need for exogenous contrast agents. However, the high excitation laser dosage, limited imaging speed, and imperfect image quality still hinder the use of OR‐PAM in clinical applications. The laser dosage, imaging speed, and image quality are mutually restrained by each other, and thus far, no methods have been proposed to resolve this challenge. Here, a deep learning method called the multitask residual dense network is proposed to overcome this challenge. This method utilizes an innovative strategy of integrating multisupervised learning, dual‐channel sample collection, and a reasonable weight distribution. The proposed deep learning method is combined with an application‐targeted modified OR‐PAM system. Superior images under ultralow laser dosage (32‐fold reduced dosage) are obtained for the first time in this study. Using this new technique, a high‐quality, high‐speed OR‐PAM system that meets clinical requirements is now conceivable.
Macromolecular Design of Lithium Conductive Polymer as Electrolyte for Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Meng Nan , Lian Fang , Cui Guanglei
Published: December 2020

In the development of solid‐state lithium batteries, solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) has drawn extensive concerns for its thermal and chemical stability, low density, and good processability. Especially SPE efficiently suppresses the formation of lithium dendrite and promotes battery safety. However, most of SPE is derived from the matrix with simple functional group, which suffers from low ionic conductivity, reduced mechanical properties after conductivity modification, bad electrochemical stability, and low lithium‐ion transference number. Appling macromolecular design with multiple functional groups to polymer matrix is accepted as a strategy to solve the problems of SPE fundamentally. In this review, macromolecular design based on lithium conducting groups is summarized including copolymerization, network construction, and grafting. Meanwhile, the construction of single‐ion conductor polymer is also focused herein. Moreover, synergistic effects between the designed matrix, lithium salt, and fillers are reviewed with the objective to further improve the performance of SPE. At last, future studies on macromolecular design are proposed in the development of SPE for solid‐state batteries with high energy density and durability.
Extrinsic Photoconduction Induced Short‐Wavelength Infrared Photodetectors Based on Ge‐Based Chalcogenides
Authors: He Ting , Wang Zhen , Cao Ruyue , Li Qing , Peng Meng , Xie Runzhang , Huang Yan , Wang Yang , Ye Jiafu , Wu Peisong , Zhong Fang , Xu Tengfei , Wang Hailu , Cui Zhuangzhuang , Zhang Qinghua , Gu Lin , Deng Hui‐Xiong , Zhu He , Shan Chongxin , Wei Zhongming , Hu Weida
Published: December 2020

2D layered photodetectors have been widely researched for intriguing optoelectronic properties but their application fields are limited by the bandgap. Extending the detection waveband can significantly enrich functionalities and applications of photodetectors. For example, after breaking through bandgap limitation, extrinsic Si photodetectors are used for short‐wavelength infrared or even long‐wavelength infrared detection. Utilizing extrinsic photoconduction to extend the detection waveband of 2D layered photodetectors is attractive and desirable. However, extrinsic photoconduction has yet not been observed in 2D layered materials. Here, extrinsic photoconduction‐induced short‐wavelength infrared photodetectors based on Ge‐based chalcogenides are reported for the first time and the effectiveness of intrinsic point defects are demonstrated. The detection waveband of room‐temperature extrinsic GeSe photodetectors with the assistance of Ge vacancies is broadened to 1.6 µm. Extrinsic GeSe photodetectors have an excellent external quantum efficiency (0.5%) at the communication band of 1.31 µm and polarization‐resolved capability to subwaveband radiation. Moreover, room‐temperature extrinsic GeS photodetectors with a detection waveband to the communication band of 1.55 µm further verify the versatility of intrinsic point defects. This approach provides design strategies to enrich the functionalities of 2D layered photodetectors.
Severe respiratory disease caused by human respiratory syncytial virus impairs language learning during early infancy
Authors: Peña Marcela , Jara Cristina , Flores Juan C. , Hoyos-Bachiloglu Rodrigo , Iturriaga Carolina , Medina Mariana , Carcey Javier , Espinoza Janyra , Bohmwald Karen , Kalergis Alexis M. , Borzutzky Arturo
Published: December 2020

Human respiratory syncytial virus infection is a leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality. A previous murine study showed that during severe acute respiratory infections the virus invades the central nervous system, and that infected animals evolve with long-lasting learning difficulties associated with long-term potentiation impairment in their hippocampus. We hypothesized here that human infants who presented a severe episode of respiratory syncytial virus infection before 6 months of age would develop long-term learning difficulties. We measured the acquisition of the native phoneme repertoire during the first year, a milestone in early human development, comprising a reduction in the sensitivity to the irrelevant nonnative phonetic information and an increase in the sensitivity to the information relevant for the native one. We found that infants with a history of severe respiratory infection by the human respiratory syncytial virus presented poor distinction of native and nonnative phonetic contrasts at 6 months of age, and remained atypically sensitive to nonnative contrasts at 12 months, which associated with weak communicative abilities. Our results uncover previously unknown long-term language learning difficulties associated with a single episode of severe respiratory infection by the human respiratory syncytial virus, which could relate to memory impairments.
An approach to the didactics of physics for structural engineering from an artistic perspective
Authors: Márquez Peñaranda J F , Gallardo Pérez H J , Vergel Ortega M
Published: December 2020

The use of physics in structural engineering requires the combination of its logical strength with social sensitivity. Logical strength is provided by mathematics and physics with practical solutions and new thinking relationships. Social sensitivity is achieved by inserting this “hard” knowledge into the solution of community problems. It is desirable that the teaching of physics and its applications prioritize holistic knowledge over mechanicity and that this process be similar to the one followed by the artist when he conceives his work: he dreams it, tries it, feels it, and adjusts and delivers it after having understood it with his whole being. In terms of curriculum, it is advisable to rethink the contents, encourage the use of majeutics, reduce standardization, personalize evaluation, and abolish the belief that there can be useless knowledge.
Case studies: learning strategy incorporating Lego Education in the seventh-grade math course at the school
Authors: Rico-Bautista N A , Rico-Bautista D W , Medina-Cárdenas Y C , Arévalo-Pérez N
Published: December 2020

This article presents reflections on the use of case studies that revolve around the student’s environment to use it as an input in the development of the mathematics course in the seventh grades at the “Isidro Caballero Delgado” school in Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia. With this experience, it can be determined that the use of robotics prototypes in mathematics is a support tool as a pedagogical strategy in the student’s learning process, strengthening not only the academic but also their comprehensive training. That is why students use the construction of the prototypes not only to learn mathematical concepts for better understanding, analysis, and critical reasoning but also to develop technical language in an empirical way giving answers to the laws of physics in the prototype or its function. This work is part of doctoral research where 60 students of the experimental group participated. The structure of the document contains a first section with the introduction, second section where the methodology and the applied strategy are detailed; in section third the results obtained are mentioned; and finally, in fourth section, the conclusions and possible recommendations are presented.
Social skills of physics students in the mathematics degree program
Authors: Jaramillo J E , Rincón Leal J F , Rincón Leal O L
Published: December 2020

The research had as objective to identify the social skills of first semester students of the mathematics program of Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, Colombia, assigned in the subject of physics I, with a sample of 21 participants between 17 and 21 years old of the stratum 1 and 2, from which only 4.8% of the students work and study, the remaining 95.2% only study. 57% of the participants are women and 47% men, it is also evident that they currently reside in San José de Cúcuta, Colombia, the research under the positivist paradigm with a quantitative approach of quasi-experimental design of descriptive type, were applied: the questionnaire of the scale of social skills, and test of attitudes in physics which is constructed by 50 items that classify the social skills in 6 groups and 20 items in the test of physical attitude with a reliability in the alpha index of 0. 79 The statistical software SPSS version 23 was used for data analysis and the Google form tool for data collection.
Stability and nonlinear secondary modes of double-periodic flows with pumping
Authors: Wertgeim I I , Zaks M A , Sagitov R V , Sharifulin A N
Published: December 2020

We investigate, both qualitatively and numerically, the family of forced doubly periodic plane flows of viscous fluids. These flows generalize the seminal Kolmogorov flow to the case of two-dimensional periodicity of the driving force and to the presence of pumping in two spatial directions. The dimensionless parameters of the problem are the flow rates in two perpendicular directions, the forcing intensity, and two spatial periods of the force. The Kolmogorov flow itself corresponds to the particular case when the force depends on a single coordinate and the mean drift is absent. When the forcing amplitude is increased, the basic stationary flow pattern, described by the explicit solution of the Navier-Stokes equations, displays structural rearrangements: isolated vortices appear on the background of the global flow. In the present study, we consider destabilization of the basic flow pattern: there, onset of time dependence can influence the previously reported unusual spectral and transport properties of Lagrangian dynamics. Analysis of possible stationary states, of their stability and forms of the secondary oscillatory and stationary modes is performed. Equations of fluid dynamics are solved numerically through the spectral and finite-difference methods. Stability of explicit stationary solutions with respect to small hydrodynamical perturbations is investigated.
Isotropic turbulence correlation functions modelling on the basis of Karman-Howarth equation
Authors: Kusyumov A N , Mikhailov S A , Kusyumov S A , Romanova E V
Published: December 2020

A closure model for the von Karman-Howarth equation is considered. The offered algebraic closure model is based on a single spatial-point third-order correlation function, unlike the widely used models based on a distance between two separated points. The model holds for homogeneous isotropic turbulence theory. Numerical solution of the von Karman-Howarth equation for the flow behind a bi-plane grid of circular cylinders in comparison to experimental data is presented.
The influence of the supersonic nozzle length on the efficiency of energy separation of low-Prandtl gas flowing in the finned single Leontiev tube
Authors: Makarov M S , Makarova S N
Published: December 2020

The redistribution of the total temperature between the parts of the gas stream flowing through the Leontiev tube depends not only on the temperature recovery factor (Prandtl number) and the ratio of flows through the supersonic and subsonic channels of the tube (Mach numbers), but also on the thermal resistance of the separation wall. Earlier it has been shown that the reduction of thermal resistance due to the separation wall finning on the side of the subsonic flow leads to an increase in the efficiency of energy separation. It may be assumed that the intensification of heat exchange between channels, due to finning, reduces the length of the tube, which at the same intensity of heat exchange leads to a decrease in pressure losses and an additional increase in efficiency. This paper presents the results of numerical simulation of energy separation in Leontiev tubes with a finned separation wall and different lengths of supersonic nozzle. It is shown that the adiabatic efficiency of the energy separation in a short Leontiev tube with a finned wall increases when the outlet pressure decreases, while it does not change for smooth tubes.
The effect of periodic velocity variation on turbulent characteristics of a channel flow behind a rib
Authors: Mikheev A N , Mikheev N I , Davletshin I A
Published: December 2020

The kinematic structure of the flow behind a rib is experimentally investigated for the cases of steady-state and pulsating regimes of air flow. The frequency varies in the range of 0 – 30 Hz, and the normalized amplitude of forced velocity pulsations is 0.5. The profiles of velocity and turbulent characteristics are demonstrated at characteristic coordinates of the separation region.
Control of vortex breakdown in confined two-fluid flows
Authors: Naumov I V , Sharifullin B R , Shtern V N
Published: December 2020

This paper describes the first experimental evidence of how vortex breakdown develops and disappears in both upper and lower fluids in a sealed vertical cylindrical container, where two immiscible fluids circulate driven by the rotating lid while other walls are stationary. The rotating lid generates both swirling and meridional circulations of the upper and lower fluids. The most intriguing and practically important flow phenomenon is the formation of local circulation cells (vortex breakdown). Our experimental study reveals that vortex breakdown can occur in (a) upper, (b) lower, and (c) both fluids. The kind of flow pattern depends on properties of liquids. The vortex breakdown flows can intensify heat and mass transfer.
Numerical simulation of filtration of a water-gas-oil mixture in a porous medium under the acoustic influence
Authors: Pityuk Yu A , Fazletdinov S U , Fakhreeva R R
Published: December 2020

The work is dedicated to the water-alternating-gas injection in oil reservoirs under the influence of a periodic acoustic field. The problem is solved numerically using the control volume method. The mathematical model includes the conservation equations describing the three-phase filtration of water with gas bubbles, oil, and free gas into an element of porous medium taking into account the growth of microbubbles, the formation of free gas, the fluid flow with slippage, the compressibility of a crack network, and the non-isothermal character of the process. Multiparametric calculations are conducted to obtain the dependence of the exposure duration, the residual effect, and amplitude of an acoustic field on the oil displacement. Numerical analysis showed that the acoustic field has a positive effect on the filtration properties of a fluid, which is important for developing the technology of oil recovery.
Modeling wave modes for a countercurrent flow of film and turbulent gas
Authors: Tsvelodub Yu
Published: December 2020

In this paper, wave modes are modeled for a countercurrent flow of vertically falling liquid film and turbulent gas. In the case of small Reynolds numbers for long wave perturbations, the problem is reduced to a nonlinear integro-differential equation for the film thickness deviation from the undisturbed level. Solutions of this model equation are studied. Several typical scenarios for the evolution of periodic perturbations are presented