bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tacit Knowledge Mining: The Key Traditional Chinese Medical Inheritance
Authors: Lan Xu , Zhao Junnan , Zhang Ying , Chen Yao , Yan Yaru , Liu Yue , Xu Fengqin
Published: July 2022

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a treasure of traditional Chinese culture and a gift to the world. TCM tacit knowledge refers to the knowledge and experiences formed in the process of learning and practice of TCM. The objective of this study is to discuss the importance of TCM tacit knowledge in the inheritance and education of TCM. As the essence of the TCM, TCM tacit knowledge has the characteristics of massive, complicated, relativistic, highly individualized, constantly innovative, the dependence of cultural background and the regional environment, as well as difficult to explicate. It exists in every aspect of the TCM theory and the process of dialectical treatment. Besides the traditional master-apprentice, family-based, school-based, and inheritance and education methods, together with the inheritance based on the books, images, and network platforms, in the process of TCM modernization, a variety of modern theoretical models and computing techniques have also been used in the mining of the TCM tacit knowledge. In this study, we introduced the usage of SECI model, complexity adaptive system, latent variable model, and some of the data mining technologies in the TCM tacit knowledge mining. An accurate and efficient inheritance of TCM tacit knowledge is the key to maintain the vitality and innovative development of TCM. Under the reasonable application and combination of the traditional education methods, modern mining methods, and further the artificial intelligence, the explicit and inheritance of TCM tacit knowledge will get tremendous development, and it could extremely improve the efficiency and accuracy of the TCM inheritance and the TCM modernization.
What Can Western Medicine Relearn from Chinese Medicine?
Authors: Petros Peter Emanuel
Published: July 2022

The article begins with a short review of similarities between traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and original Hippocratic medicine. Both were holistic, and taking every aspect contributing to illness into account, both followed the dictum, “first do no harm.” A key difference between the two, even 2400 years ago, was the Hippocratic emphasis on scientific medicine. The explosion of science and technology in the latter half of the 2nd century was applied to Western medicine, which became ever more complex, specialized, and reductionist, losing much of its original holism. The strength of TCM is its holistic approach and techniques such as acupuncture, so necessary for the management for patients who have chronic illnesses such as pain for which Western medicine has few answers.
Relationship between research self-efficacy and evidence-based practice in the medical students
Authors: Zia Zahra , Salehi Alireza , Amini Mitra , Vardanjani Hossein Molavi , Tavabe Malihe Sousani
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:

Due to the rapid advancement of medical knowledge, promotion in research is necessary to have the best clinical practice. Research Self-efficacy (RSE) is the researcher's confidence in their ability to conduct a specific study. The Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) represents how to improve the quality of care and treatment of patients. RSE and EBP are the cornerstones of successful research and then efficacious medical practice. This study aims to evaluate RSE and acceptance of EBP and their correlation among medical students.

MATERIALS AND MEHODS:

This is a cross-sectional study designed on 600 clinical students at the medical school of Shiraz, using a census method in 2020. Students were invited to fill out the standardized Phillips and Russell's questionnaires about RSE (4 domains, 33 questions) and Rubin and Parrish's questionnaire of EBP (10 questions). The gathered data were analyzed through the SPSS at α = 0.05 using descriptive statistics, t-test, Chi-square, and multiple linear regressions.

RESULTS:

There was a positive correlation between EBP and RSE score (P < 0.05). The results of linear regression test showed that all variables had a significant effect on our response variables and their effect were significant (P < 0.05). The highest mean score in RSE was shown in the subscale of writing skills (52.54). The lowest score was observed in the subscale of quantitative (student's subjective assessment of their ability to work with statistically related data and formulas) as well as computer skills (35.61).

CONCLUSIONS:

Students who participated in a research project, workshop, or Master of Public Health program got a higher RSE and EBP. Due to the positive correlation between RSE and EBP, we conclude that trained physicians who can research independently and use research evidence can find the best treatment approach for patients. These finding support the importance of integrating research education in medical curriculum to increase RSE and finally improvement of EBP among medical students.
Evaluation of coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in terms of epidemiological and clinical features, comorbidities, diagnostic methods, treatment, and mortality
Authors: Çekmen Nedim , Ersoy Zeynep , Günay Yağız ilteriş , Ghavam Amir Aslan , Tufan Muhammed Yavuz Selim , Şahin İbrahim Mete
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19. On March 11, 2020, the WHO declared it a pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 indicates that it poses a significant threat to public health and global economy. The aim of the study was to determine (a) patient characteristics, (b) demographic characteristics, (c) comorbidities, diagnostic methods used, treatment, and outcomes, and (d) mortality rates of patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This retrospective cohort study included 352 hospitalized adult patients from Baskent University Hospital in Ankara who were confirmed cases of COVID-19 between March 2020 and March 2021. SPSS v. 14.0 was used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS:

Out of 352 patients, 55 died (males: 37, females: 18), while 297 survived (males: 162, females: 135). The most common comorbidities were hypertension (HT), diabetes mellitus (DM), coronary artery disease (CAD), cancer, Vitamin D deficiency, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Comorbidities associated with mortality rate were obesity (33%) (P = 0.118), Vitamin D deficiency (28%) (P = 0.009), DM (25%) (P = 0.004), CAD (21.2%) (P = 0.142), cancer (20.9%) (P = 0.084), and HT (16.6%) (P = 0.90). Normal ward admission resulted in death in 67.3% and survival in 93.9% (P = 0.001), intensive care unit (ICU) admission resulted in death in 69.1% and survival in 18.5% (P = 0.001), and oxygen therapy was used in 80% death and survival in 39.4% (P = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Our study shows that male gender, advanced age, and presence of comorbidities in COVID 19 patients are at higher risk for severe disease, ICU admission, and death. We emphasize that morbidity and mortality can be reduced by early and comprehensive identification of risk factors and the warning systems that will meet the ICU needs of these patients.
Evaluation of medication adherence and its relevant factors among hypertensive patients
Authors: Ahmadi Zabihallah , Shahnazi Hossein , Hassanzadeh Akbar
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:

Medication adherence means compliance with patient adherence to medication orders, including timely and correct consumption of medication prescribed by a physician. The present study aimed to determine the extent of adherence to hypertension drug medication in patients covered by comprehensive health service centers of Shahrekord, Iran.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A cross-sectional study examined 401 hypertensive patients registered in the Integrated Health Record System (SIB). SIB is a Persian term related to Health Record System. To collect data, Morisky Medication Adherence Scale was used. The questionnaire was completed by the patients and analyzed using SPSS (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA, version 26), Chi-square test, independent t-test, and analysis of variance.

RESULTS:

The results indicated that adherence to antihypertensive medication was low in 5.7% of patients, while 63.3% of patients had sufficient compliance. Forgetting to take medications (52.9%) was the most common reason for nonadherence to medication in hypertensive patients.

CONCLUSION:

Given that forgetting to take medications was the main reason for nonadherence to medication in hypertensive patients, designing and implementing necessary trainings by comprehensive health centers to realize the importance of daily use of medication by hypertensive patients and their families are recommended.
The effects of a team-based planned care program on the quality of sleep in cardiac surgery patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit
Authors: Rahimi Abolfazl , Faizi Fakhrudin , Nir Masoud Sirati , Amirifar Ahmadali , Mahmoudikohani Fatemeh
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:

Sleep disturbances as a major health problem are common in patients hospitalized in critical care units. This study examined the effects of a team-based care plan on the quality of sleep in patients hospitalized in a cardiac surgery intensive care unit (CSICU) of a multidisciplinary hospital.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

In this clinical trial, 100 patients with cardiac surgery were selKMected through convenience sampling and then nonrandomly allocated to the intervention and or the control group. A plan of care with the recommendation of all intensive care unit care teams was designed and then applied. In this study, the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire was used to evaluate sleep quality. Patients in the intervention group received the care plan for two consecutive nights. The study's national approval code is IRCT2017091915512N2. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS software (v. 21), and by paired, independent t, Chi-square, and Fisher's exact tests.

RESULTS:

Quality of sleep in patients admitted to the CSICU is significantly improved by noise reduction both in the first and second nights. Moreover, the team-based care plan requires good coordination between all team members taking care of cardiac surgery patients admitted to the CSICU (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:

The team-based care plan significantly improves the quality of sleep. It may be due to the close coordination between all team members to avoid sleep disturbances.
Use of Therapeutic Milieu Interventions in a Psychiatric Setting
Authors: Belsiyal C Xavier , Rentala Sreevani , Das Anindya
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:

The therapeutic environment is commonly acknowledged as a significant influence on mental inpatient treatment experiences and outcomes. Therapeutic milieu interventions provide a distinct, secure hospital ward/unit atmosphere where patients with mental illness receive therapeutic interactions and collaborative attentiveness. The review aimed to explore the studies related to the role of a nurse using therapeutic milieu/milieu therapy in a psychiatric setting.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A systematic literature search was conducted between 1976 and 2021 using PsycINFO, Medline, Embase, and Scopus. A total of 13 papers were identified for a full review.

RESULTS:

A total of 70 studies were found, out of which 13 of them were analyzed. These studies looked at several therapeutic milieu concepts, such as therapeutic communication, patient satisfaction, nurse involvement, ward design and structure, and a mixture of therapeutic milieu concepts. Most of the studies explored the concepts of milieu therapy in community settings.

CONCLUSION:

In the mental health nursing literature, the milieu, as well as milieu therapy, is a well-debated subject. Though the importance of therapeutic milieu in psychiatric settings is recognized, empirical studies on milieu implementation are scarce. Therefore, research is needed to explore the effectiveness of milieu therapy in inpatient psychiatric care, which facilitates patient recovery, safety, and good interpersonal relationships.
Academic stress and associated sociodemographic variables
Authors: Mayya Shreemathi S. , Mayya Arun , Martis Maxie , Lakshmi R Vani
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:

Academic stress is a predominant phenomenon among grade 11 and 12 students. The performance in Grade 12 is important for entry to higher education programs in India. The purpose of the study was to assess the magnitude of the perceived academic stress and identify the main stressors and the sociodemographic variables associated with the perceived academic stress among adolescents enrolled in the science stream in coastal Karnataka.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Upon Institutional Ethical Committee approval, a cross-sectional survey was carried out among pre-university students (science stream) of coastal Karnataka during February–April 2021. The study used Manipal Inventory of Academic Stress (MIAS) scale to collect data on perceived academic stress from 1859 students (response rate 68.3%). Stratified cluster sampling method was used to collect data from the study participants. IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 26.0 was used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics, unpaired t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multiple linear regression analyses were used to study the association between academic stress and various demographic variables.

RESULTS:

The study revealed that 28% of the Grade 11 students and 26% of the Grade 12 students experienced high or extreme stress. The significant stressors were lack of time for revision, queries from neighbors or relatives, and parental expectations on academic performance. Gender, residence, and the medium of instruction until Grade 10 were associated with academic stress.

CONCLUSION:

Measures at the institutional and national levels are necessary to reduce the academic stress in higher secondary education. The integrated curriculum proposed in the National Educational Policy 2020 addresses a few stressors identified in this study.
The effect of group logotherapy on spirituality and preoperative anxiety in patients seeking open heart surgery referring to Tehran Heart Center in 2020
Authors: Alavi Fatemehsadat , Tafti Seyed Hossein Ahmadi , Alaeddini Farshid , Ebrahimyan Zainab , Ebrahimyan Atieh , Mansourian Morteza
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:

Most patients experience anxiety before heart surgery. On the other hand, spiritual health can improve the candidate patient's adaptation to surgery. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of group logotherapy on spirituality and anxiety of patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

In this quasi-experimental study, 60 hospitalized candidates for cardiac surgery were randomly assigned to two groups (30 in the experimental group, 30 in the control group). To measure anxiety and relationship with God, Beck Anxiety Questionnaire and the researcher-made scale about relationship with God (reconstruction of Lawrence's scale of perception of God) were used, respectively. In the intervention group, in addition to drug therapy, individuals received two sessions of group discussion and spiritual skills training using the behavioral-cognitive method with emphasis on spiritual thoughts and problem-solving methods, but the control group received only drug therapy. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.

RESULTS:

In the experimental group, the anxiety scores mean in the posttest and follow-up were significantly lower than the pretest (P < 0.05), while the mean anxiety in the control group in the posttest stage was not significantly different, but at the follow-up stage, it was significantly lower than the pretest, but the decrease in mean anxiety in the experimental group was greater (P < 0.05). The mean subscales of relationship with god (influence, divine providence, acceptance, presence, challenge, benevolence) were significantly higher in the experimental and control groups in the follow-up stage than the pretest, but the increase in the mean of these variables was more in the experimental group in the follow-up stage (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION:

Findings showed that the components of relationship with God are a good predictor of pre-surgery anxiety, so by focusing on spiritual training of patients who are candidates for surgery, the incidence or severity of anxiety can be reduced.
An Unusual Case Report of Trepopnea in a Patient with Unilateral Diaphragmatic Palsy
Authors: Gupta Divya , Kerai Sukhyanti
Published: July 2022

Trepopnea, a rare form of dyspnoea observed in lateral decubitus position is a crucial clue towards diagnosis. It indicates either cardiac or respiratory pathology that may warrant immediate attention. Usually, it has been reported the patient with congestive cardiac failure or diseased left lung who prefers the right lateral decubitus position. Only in a few cases with the unilateral lung disease it has been described. We present one such case report of trepopnea in a patient recovering from pneumonia was observed having trepopnea, which was later confirmed due to unilateral diaphragmatic palsy.
Evaluation of the Effect of Saline Flush on the Time of Onset and Duration of Action following Bolus Dose of Rocuronium
Authors: Manchanda Vineet , Saxena Kirti N. , Wadhwa Bharti
Published: July 2022

Background:

Circulatory factors modify the onset time of neuromuscular-blocking drugs. Therefore, we hypothesized that a bolus of saline flush immediately after rocuronium administration would shorten the onset time without influencing the duration of the rocuronium effect.

Methods:

A total of 84 patients were randomly allocated to either the control or saline flush group. Anesthesia was induced with propofol and fentanyl and maintained with isoflurane <1% and all patients received 0.6 mg/kg rocuronium in 10 mL of normal saline. In the saline flush group, 20 mL normal saline was immediately infused after rocuronium administration. Neuromuscular blockade was assessed using TOF-WATCH device at the adductor pollicis muscle using stimulation of ulnar nerve. The neuromuscular indices recorded were latent onset time, onset time, and clinical duration of bolus dose of rocuronium.

Results:

The measured latent onset time and onset time were significantly shorter within the saline flush group than the control group (P < 0.001). In addition, the clinical duration was significantly prolonged within the saline flush group (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

A 20-mL saline flush administered immediately after slow intravenous 0.6 mg/kg rocuronium shortens the onset time and prolongs the clinical duration of neuromuscular blockade.
Compliance of Hand Hygiene Practices in Operating Rooms by Care Workers
Authors: Lakhanpal Mahima , Kumar Ritesh , Chawla Rajiv , Sarkar Debpriya , Yadav Isha
Published: July 2022

Context:

Hand hygiene is the most important measure to prevent healthcare-associated infections. As part of a major global effort to improve hand hygiene in health care, the SAVE LIVES: Clean Your Hands annual global campaign was launched by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2009. The “My 5 Moments for Hand Hygiene” approach by the WHO defines the key moments when health-care workers should perform hand hygiene.

Aims:

This is a preliminary observational study to monitor the level of adherence to hand hygiene practice by health-care workers (HCWs) in an operating room.

Materials and Methods:

This study was conducted in the surgery operation theater (OT) of our hospital. Direct observation of various personnel working in the OT was done by a single-trained observer. The time of observation was taken from the transfer of the patient on the OT table to the draping of the patient by the surgeon. The hand hygiene opportunities (HHO) as stated by WHO My 5 moments of hand hygiene were noted.

Results and Conclusion:

A total of 524 HHO were observed among health-care workers, among which 301 were missed and 223 were utilized. Out of the opportunities used were moments 3 and 4, which are primarily for the personal protection of Healthcare workers. Overall compliance of hand hygiene is very low among health-care professionals in the OT. There is an urgent need to educate the health-care personnel about “5 moments of hand hygiene” and ensure strict compliance to ensure patient's safety.
Evaluation of the prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Emami Ardestani Mohammad , Alavi Naeini Nooshin
Published: July 2022

Background:

The present study aimed at determining and comparing the prognostic value and the relationship of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios (PLRs) with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD).

Materials and Methods:

The present case–control study was performed on 100 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients and 100 healthy subjects (controls). Age, gender, and laboratory results of complete blood count tests including lymphocyte count, neutrophil count, platelet count, hemoglobin level, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), PLR, C-reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were obtained from the patient report and then recorded. The mentioned information was also completed for the control group. Following hospitalization, the patients that were discharged with clinically stable general status were re-examined, and the aforementioned laboratory information was rerecorded.

Results:

The results of the present study revealed that NLR with the sensitivity and specificity of 83.00% (74.2%–89.8%) and 93.00% (86.1%–97.1%) (cutoff value of 2.3), PLR with the sensitivity and specificity of 56.00% (46.0%–66.3%) and 83.00% (74.2%–89.8%) (cutoff value of 135.8), white blood cell (WBC) with the sensitivity and specificity of 69.00% (57.7%–77.8%) and 78.00% (68.6%–85.7%) (cutoff value of 8.5 × 103 μl), ESR with the sensitivity and specificity of 84.00% (75.3%–90.6%) and 99.00% (94.6%–100.0%) (cutoff value of 7.8), and CRP with the sensitivity and specificity of 52.00% (41.8%–62.1%) and 81.00% (71.9%–88.2%) (cutoff value of 1.9), respectively, had a significant prognostic value of AECOPD (P < 0.001). In addition to NLR had higher area under the curve (AUC) than PLR, WBC, and CRP. Therefore NLR had a better diagnostic value than the above three markers (P < 0.001). ESR also has higher AUC levels compared to PLR, WBC, and CRP and has a statistically better diagnostic value than them (P < 0.001), but did not differ significantly from ESR (difference between AUC: 0.02; P = 0.059).

Conclusion:

According to the results of the current study, NLR and PLR had a significant direct relationship with the two main markers of ESR and CRP, and both ratios had a significant prognostic value in AECOPD.
The effects of hot air-dried white button mushroom powder on glycemic indices, lipid profile, inflammatory biomarkers and total antioxidant capacity in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Hashemi Yusefabad Hadiseh , Hosseini Seyed Ahmad , Zakerkish Mehrnoosh , Cheraghian Bahman , Alipour Meysam
Published: July 2022

Background:

The inflammatory and metabolic responses to mushroom in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are unknown. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of Hot Air-dried White Button Mushroom (HAD-WBM) powder on glycemic status, lipid profile, inflammatory markers, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in T2DM patients.

Materials and Methods:

This randomized controlled trial was conducted at Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran. Eligible patients were adults aged 20–50 with Type 2 diabetes. Patients were assigned to each group using a randomized block design with block randomization (n = 22, in each group). Randomization was performed by an assistant and group allocation was blinded for the investigator and participants. The intervention and control groups received 16 g/day HAD-WBM or cornstarch powder for 8 weeks. The primary outcomes of interest were fructosamine, fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, and secondary outcomes were triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein, very-LDL, cholesterol, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and TAC.

Results:

After 8 weeks, a significant decrease was observed in fructosamine (−0.228 ± 0.36 vs. 0.03 ± 0.38; P = 0.02) and LDL (−13.05 ± 20.67 vs. 0.81 ± 21.79; P = 0.04) in the HAD-WBM group compared to the control group. No significant changes were observed in fasting insulin and FBS between the two groups. However, a significant within-group reduction (−28.00 ± 42.46; P = 0.006) was observed for FBS in the HAD-WBM group. In the HAD-WBM group, insulin resistance reduced significantly at the end of the study (From 4.92 to 3.81; P = 0.016), but it was not significantly different between the two groups. There was no significant difference in TAC, hs-CRP, and IL-6 between the two groups.

Conclusion:

Considering the results of this study about the beneficial effects of HAD-WBM on the improvement of glycemic indices and LDL in T2DM patients, it is recommended that HAD-WBM could be used to control T2DM.
Effects of Partial and Full Dietary Substitution of Fish Meal and Soybean Meal by Sunflower Meal on Growth Performance, Feed Consumption, Body Indices, Serum Chemistry and Intestine Morphology of Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: Iqbal Maryam , Yaqub Atif , Ayub Muhammad
Published: July 2022

A 03-months feeding experiment was designed to study the effects of partial and full dietary substitution of fish meal and soybean meal with sunflower meal (SFM) on growth performance, feed consumption, body indices, serum chemistry and intestine morphology of Oreochromis niloticus. Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric dietary treatments: T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 were prepared by supplementing SFM at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% respectively and fed to fish (4 ± 0.07 g) in triplicates. The growth performance and feed consumption in O. niloticus was significantly (p < 0.05) improved and body indices was significantly reduced in groups fed with T1 (control), T2 and T3 however, survival rate was remained unaffected among all dietary treatments. Significantly increased whole-body protein, serum total protein and albumin content was found in groups fed with T1 (control), T2 and T3, compared to T4 and T5 groups whereas, whole-body lipid content was significantly elevated in T5 group. In contrast, serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT) activity was significantly elevated in groups fed with T4 and T5. Additionally, serum triglycerides and cholesterol level were significantly increased in group T1 compared to other groups however, glucose and creatinine were not affected by dietary treatments. Uran`s pooled score for intestinal histology was significantly increased in SFM supplemented treatments as compared to control group. In conclusion, replacement of SBM with SFM up to 50% is possible without negative impacts on growth performance and health status of O. niloticus.
Ouverture de 'Emerging Issues of Sustainability Management'
Authors: Brondoni Silvio M. , Ricotti Paolo
Published: August 2022

The economies of many developed countries are increasingly marked by businesses focused on a hard-liberal spiral. In global markets, companies are nowadays exposed to socio-environmental forces on a vast scale. This calls for a modern code of corporate social responsibility that clearly demonstrates the company’s global corporate responsibility in the overall framework of sustainable growth. On the demand side, moreover, consumption styles will progressively change increasing the degree of satisfaction and fulfilment of people in any place of the world. The result is represented by a ‘Transformative Development’, which will compel a “win-win” situation with an overall better life quality, labour conditions and a healthy economy, which can ensure lasting wellbeing and respect for life in an entirely sustainable environment.
Evaluation of Individual and Mixture Toxicity of Heavy Metals using Semi-continuous Type Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria (SOB) Bioreactor
Authors: Kim Seunggyu , Eom Heonseop , Kang Woochang , Oh Sang-Eun
Published: July 2022

Objectives:In this research, individual toxicity evaluation of heavy metals (Hg2+, Cr6+, Cd2+) was performed using a semi-continuous type bioreactor based on changes in the activity of sulfur oxidizing bacteria(SOB), and the purpose is to evaluate the toxic interaction of heavy metals through mixture toxicity evaluation and prediction modeling based on individual toxicity evaluation.Methods:SOB were separated into a reactor, and then the culture medium and heavy metal influent were automatically injected at 1-hour intervals under the optimized conditions. Heavy metal mixture influent for composite toxicity evaluation was produced and tested based on the individual EC50 value of each heavy metal based on the change in electrical conductivity(EC). Based on the results of the mixture toxicity evaluation, the CA, IA, and CI models are implemented, and after comparison with the actual experimental values, similarity with the model was verified through the MDR index. And the type of interaction (synergism, antagonism) was evaluated by CI value.Results and Discussion:In case of individual toxicity evaluation experiments, the individual EC50 of each heavy metal was derived at Hg2+ 0.71mg/L, Cr6+ 1.02 mg/L, and Cd2+ 8.82 mg/L in the order of strong toxicity. As a result of performing a combined toxicity evaluation based on individual EC50 values, it was judged that the combination of Hg2++Cd2+ showed a strong similarity with the IA model and no toxic interaction was developed, but all the remaining combinations were with the CI model. A similar relationship was shown and the existence of toxic interactions could be determined. As a result of analyzing the CI value, synergistic effects appeared in all combinations in which the interaction existed, and based on this result, it was possible to determine that Cr6+ is a factor that induces the toxic interaction. Conclusion:This study allowed a real-time toxicity monitoring system for SOB to verify sensitive toxicity detection for functional and non-essential metals. In addition, most heavy metal combinations generate synergistic effects during toxic interactions, and additional research on heavy metals and organic pollutants other than heavy metals used in this study will result in a more systematic ecotoxicity monitoring system.
Addressing Machines as models of lambda-calculus
Authors: Della Penna Giuseppe , Intrigila Benedetto , Manzonetto Giulio
Published: July 2022

Turing machines and register machines have been used for decades in
theoretical computer science as abstract models of computation. Also the
$\lambda$-calculus has played a central role in this domain as it allows to
focus on the notion of functional computation, based on the substitution
mechanism, while abstracting away from implementation details. The present
article starts from the observation that the equivalence between these
formalisms is based on the Church-Turing Thesis rather than an actual encoding
of $\lambda$-terms into Turing (or register) machines. The reason is that these
machines are not well-suited for modelling $\lambda$-calculus programs.
We study a class of abstract machines that we call "addressing machine" since
they are only able to manipulate memory addresses of other machines. The
operations performed by these machines are very elementary: load an address in
a register, apply a machine to another one via their addresses, and call the
address of another machine. We endow addressing machines with an operational
semantics based on leftmost reduction and study their behaviour. The set of
addresses of these machines can be easily turned into a combinatory algebra. In
order to obtain a model of the full untyped $\lambda$-calculus, we need to
introduce a rule that bares similarities with the $\omega$-rule and the rule
$\zeta_\beta$ from combinatory logic.
PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF ORGANIC DRIED PHYSALIS IN THE PRODUCTION OF FLOUR CONFECTIONERY
Authors: Tkachenko Аlina
Published: August 2022

The article examines the consumption properties and prospects of using dried organic physalis in the production of flour confectionery products. The research object is dried physalis TM “Navitas”. The energy value of this product is 110 kcal/100 g. The fat content is 1 g/100 g; carbohydrates – 20 g/100 g; proteins – 2 g/100 g. Using atomic absorption spectrophotometry on a C-115 PK atomic absorption spectrophotometer, it was established that the potassium content in 100 g of the product is 543 mg, the phosphorus content is 43 mg/100 g. The content of other trace elements is limited. Thus, 100 g of dried organic physalis satisfies the need for potassium per day by 23.16%. Among all vitamins, physalis contains the most vitamin C – 11.7 mg/100 g. Physalis meets the needs of vitamin C by 16.71% and vitamin PP – by 18.50%. Vitamins of group A and B in the product are contained in a limited amount. To study the content of toxic elements in the product, generally accepted methods were used: copper, zinc, lead and cadmium were determined by the atomic absorption method, arsenic by the colorimetric method, mercury by the flameless atomic absorption method. The level of all toxic elements is below the permissible limits. Cadmium was not detected in organic physalis. Such data may indicate the safety of the product. The author has developed a recipe for a new cake made from organic raw materials “Grechanyk”, which contains dried physalis at the rate of 54 kg/t of product. Further research will be aimed at studying the consumer properties of the developed product.
FEATURES OF NEUROLOGY TEACHING TO INTERNS OF GENERAL PRACTICE – FAMILY MEDICINE
Authors: Yaremchuk Oksana
Published: August 2022

The training of highly qualified specialists in accordance with modern standards of providing medical care to the population, taking into account the modern level of development of medical science and practice, is one of the urgent tasks of the domestic health care system. Today’s requirements require the training of specialists at a qualitatively new level. Having completed training at the undergraduate and postgraduate stages, each graduate should be ready to work to provide primary or secondary level medical care. This article describes the experience of using modern innovative technologies in teaching neurology to doctors-interns by specialty “General practice – Family Medicine”. New technologies combined with traditional teaching methods to optimize the educational process, improve the efficiency and effectiveness of education, provides more effective training in neurology to practice general practitioner of doctors “General practice – Family Medicine” in terms of integration into the European educational space. The main principle of distance learning at the post-graduate level of education of a general practitioner – family medicine is independent purposeful work using modern information technologies, the effectiveness of which depends on a methodologically competently structured process by the teacher, the information and communication capabilities of the higher educational institution and the doctor. Interactive, innovative methods increase the effectiveness and efficiency of training, implement more effective training in neurology for the practical activities of a general practitioner – family medicine.
ФОРМУВАННЯ КОНЦЕРТМЕЙСТЕРСЬКИХ УМІНЬ І НАВИЧОК У ЗДОБУВАЧІВ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: Бойко Ірина
Published: August 2022

Професія акомпаніаторів залишається престижною і затребуваною на ринку праці. Це пов’язано з тим, що хороший концертмейстер – це унікальне поєднання таланту і школи. Сьогодні ставка концертмейстера є в кожному навчальному музичному закладі, в театрах, оркестрах, концертних організаціях. Велика кількість виконавці хочуть працювати з особистими акомпаніаторами, які добре знають їх манеру і виконавські можливості. Ось чому за хороших фахівців часто йде полювання і боротьба. Важливість підготовки висококваліфікованих концертмейстерів в мистецьких закладах вищої освіти є пріоритетним. Автором було розглянуто поняття «піаністична майстерність» та її вплив на подальшу професійну діяльність майбутнього концертмейстера. Були проаналізовані поняття «музично-виконавське мистецтво» і «фортепіанна фактура», які є основними невід’ємними складовими розвитку піаніста-концертмейстера. На основі вивчення галузевої літератури були окреслені основні складові підготовки майбутнього концертмейстера, а саме: навички володіння фортепіанною технікою, музично-виконавська інтерпретація, ерудиція, високі моральні якості, широкий культурний світогляд, психолого-педагогічна підготовка, ґрунтовні музично-теоретичні знання, розвиток педагогічних і музичних здібностей, уміння та навички у методичній і виконавській сферах. Були розглянуті дослідження українських науковців, які в своїх дослідженнях окреслили зміст, організаційні форми, методи, цілі концертмейстерської діяльності. Окреслили важливість піаністичної культури, яка є вагомою складовою у розвитку піаніста-акомпаніатора. В статті висвітлюються основні складові підготовки майбутнього концертмейстера, розвиток його професійних умінь і навичок. Окреслюється певний спектр задач і методів при роботі з інструменталістами, вокалістами, хором.
RESOCJALIZACJA I REHABILITACJA SKAZANYCH W UKRAINIE: KORELACJA POJĘĆ
Authors: Sotuła Oleksandr
Published: August 2022

Pojęcie resocjalizacji po raz pierwszy pojawiło się w ustawodawstwie ukraińskim w 2004 roku wraz z przyjęciem nowego Kodeksu karnego wykonawczego Ukrainy. Art. 6 Kodeksu karnego wykonawczego Ukrainy stanowi zatem, że resocjalizacja jest świadomym przywróceniem skazanego statusu społecznego pełnoprawnego członka społeczeństwa; jego powrót do niezależnego, powszechnie akceptowanego życia społecznego i normatywnego w społeczeństwie. Mówi się również, że koniecznym warunkiem resocjalizacji jest poprawka skazanego. W odniesieniu do rehabilitacji pojęcie to jest rzadko stosowane w ukraińskim prawie karnym, ale jest dość rozpowszechnione w zagranicznej teorii i praktyce prawa. Termin rehabilitacja pojawił się po II wojnie światowej w Anglii i Stanach Zjednoczonych Ameryki, gdzie wypracowano jego zasady, które stały się podstawą koncepcji rehabilitacji chorych i niepełnosprawnych. Zgodnie z definicją Światowej Organizacji Zdrowia rehabilitacja to zintegrowane i skoordynowane wykorzystanie działań medycznych, społecznych, edukacyjnych i zawodowych w celu szkolenia lub przekwalifikowania osoby niepełnosprawnej do maksymalnego poziomu funkcjonalności. Powszechnie uznaje się, że wyróżnia się trzy rodzaje rehabilitacji: rehabilitację medyczną, wychowawczą i społeczną. Resocjalizacja jest podobna do rehabilitacji, ale w przeciwieństwie do niej obejmuje okres postpenitencjarny. Zaczyna się od momentu, kiedy skazanyj trafia do zakładu poprawczego, przejawia się pośrednio, głównie w zakresie przygotowania skazańca do zwolnienia, a kończy dopiero jego powrotem do samodzielnego życia w społeczeństwie. Rehabilitacja we współczesnym sensie jest pojęciem najbardziej ogólnym i obejmuje w swojej treści proces korekcji i resocjalizacji, dlatego rozpoczyna się na etapie postępowania przygotowawczego i trwa po zwolnieniu osoby, aż do jej powrotu do samodzielnego życia w społeczeństwie. Wskazane jest unowocześnienie terminologii ukraińskiej i ujednolicenie jej zgodnie z międzynarodowymi aktami prawnymi, gdzie zamiast korekty i resocjalizacji skazanych stosuje się pojęcie resocjalizacji.
COVER VOL. 1 NO. 2 MEI 2022
Authors: Mei Cover
Published: August 2022

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ANALISIS AKUNTANSI PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PUSAT LABA GUNA ALAT PENILAIAN KINERJA MANAJER PT. PASIFIC MEDAN INDUSTRI
Authors: Amalia Mekar Meilisa , Syahfira Emma
Published: August 2022

Responsibility accounting requires each manager to be involved financially for his part, and to present performance reports in a timely manner by comparing actual results with planned. The purpose of this research is to identify and analyze the use of responsibility accounting in assessing the performance of profit center managers and to identify and analyze the factors causing the company's profit targets not to be achieved. This type of research is descriptive quantitative and the source of data used in this study is primary data in the form of financial statements and company accounting records, while secondary data in the form of company profiles.Data collection methods used in this research are interviews, literature study, and documentation. The data analysis technique used is a qualitative descriptive technique. The results showed that the use of profit center responsibility accounting in assessing the performance of managers at PT. Pacific Medan Industry is still not implemented optimally. It is known that there has been a large difference in losses between the realization and the budget from 2016 to 2020, which ranges from 2.04% to 25.14%. The financial manager is less careful in predicting the net profit so there is still a fairly large difference in losses. Factors causing not achieving the company's profit target include the existence of expenses that exceed the previously budgeted amount, including due to price increases.
ANALISIS PENERAPAN AKUNTANSI PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PUSAT BIAYA GUNA MENINGKATKAN KINERJA MANAJER PT. TRIMITRA SWADAYA MEDAN
Authors: Zulkarnen Zuliana , Br Ginting Jesica
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the use of responsibility accounting in assessing the performance of cost center managers and to find out the cause of the realization that the results obtained are not in accordance with the company's budgeted targets. Meanwhile, the formulation of the problem in this research is why there is a large adverse difference?, and whether responsibility accounting has been used as a tool for assessing the performance of cost center managers at PT. Trimitra Swadaya Medan?. The data collection technique used in writing this thesis is a study of documentation and interviews, while the data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis method. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the use of cost center responsibility accounting information in evaluating the performance of managers at PT. Trimitra Swadaya Medan is still not implemented optimally, it is known that there is still a large difference between the realization and the budget from 2015 to 2020, which ranges from 2.04% to 25.14%. In addition, the cost center responsibility accounting in assessing the performance of managers at PT. Trimitra Swadaya Medan is still not implemented optimally where the overall expenditure from 2015 to 2020 turns out to provide expenses that are not on target for the company.
ANALISIS SISTEM PENGENDALIAN INTERN TERHADAP PERSEDIAAN PT. TIRTA RAYA ABADI MEDAN
Authors: Anggrayati Siti Julia , Syaharman Syaharman
Published: July 2022

Inrent assets and is the center of activity and the main source of the company. Inventory is also an asset that is sensitive to damage, theft and decline in market value, so that inventory control is very necessary because negligence in managing inventory can result in losses for the company. In carrying out inventory management, it is necessary to have a good inventory management system and management. It is necessary to have a correct understanding of the goods control system so that the effectiveness and efficiency of the company can be maintained. The types and sources of data used in the preparation of this research are primary data and secondary data.The data collection methods used in this study were interviews, observations, literature review, and documentation studies. The data analysis technique used in this research is a qualitative technique. The results showed that the inventory control system at PT. Tirta Raya Abadi Medan has not run effectively. This is due to the fact that inventory management is still done manually, with limited staff in charge of stock control (one person). This causes the stock control staff to be vulnerable to not being aware of errors due to their routine. Not all warehouse employees are able to carry out internal control of the physical goods because there ventory is a very important asset in the company because inventory is one of the largest parts of curare too few warehouse staff and it is done manually so it takes a long time to check goods
EXTRACTION AND ISOLATION OF ASCORBIC ACID FROM AUSTRALIAN PINE (Casuarina equisetifolia) NEEDLES GROWN IN JOS AND ENVIRONS.
Authors: Wapwera J.  A. , Lori J. A.
Published: July 2022

Ascorbic acid was extracted and isolated from the aqueous extract of Casuarina equisetifolia (Australian pine needles) harvested from the main campus, university of Jos, Nigeria. The extraction was carried out via cold extraction (maceration) while the isolation was done using gravimetric analysis. The isolated sample was identified using UV-Vis, FTIR, GC-MS and H-NMR spectrophotometric analysis. Fresh needles (leaves) of Casuarina equiselifolia which contains 61.00±1.6 mg/100g of ascorbic acid was used for this research when compared with related species within same environment. The proximate composition is moisture content (10.27±0.48) %, crude protein (5.98±0.20) %, Crude fibre (22.89±0.35) %, crude fat (3.72±0.24) %, ash (2.34±0.07) %, carbohydrate (54.81±0.27) % and ascorbic acid (61.00±1.60) mg/100g. The molar concentration of ascorbic acid in the sample was (0.02075±0.001) moldm-3 while the weight percent of the lyophilized isolate is (68.04g/500g, 13.608%). The UV-Vis determination gives peaks at 240nm (weak band) and 300nm (λmax). The FTIR spectrophotometric determination gave some distinctive peaks. For this research, only the OHs, the lactone C=O (around 1750 cm-1) and C=C stretch (approximately 1680 cm-1) bands will be considered. The four O-H bands observed in the isolated ascorbic acid 1.0 can be assigned as follows: C(1) – OH (3524.13, O-H stretch, free hydroxyl (alcohol)), C(4) – OH (3404.48,O-H stretch, H bonded (alcohol)), C(3) OH (3303.21, O-H stretch, H bonded (alcohol)), C(2) – OH (3022.28, OH stretch (carboxylic acid)) and the lactone C=O (1751.98 cm-1) and C=C stretch (1654.63 cm-1) bands. The GC-MS indentified Ethane dioic, dimethyl ester (100%) which has a molecular formula C4H6O4 (m/z118.0880) with base peak at m/z 8.0, with the possible loss of C2H2O2 (Acetolactone), a transient species of mass spectrometer. The H-NMR in methanol and deuterated DMSO (Dimethyl sulphoxide) identified the presence of the most deshielded proton and the most acidic proton. There was partial decomposition from the confirmatory titrimetric analysis (56.88% ascorbic acid). The FTIR analysis confirms that the compound isolated is ascorbic acid and further confirmation derived from the UV-Vis. The result of this research should be adopted for the mass production of high quality ascorbic acid in Nigeria.