bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Latent Infection with Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Mazowieckie Province Using Interferon Gamma Release Assay after Stimulation with Specific Antigens ESAT-6 and CFP-10
Authors: Kuś Jan , Demkow Urszula , Lewandowska Katarzyna , Korzeniewska-Koseła Maria , Rabczenko Daniel , Siemion-Szcześniak Izabela , Białas-Chromiec Beata , Bychawska Małgorzata , Sapigórski Piotr , Maciejewski Janusz
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Over 8000 cases of tuberculosis (TB) are diagnosed annually in Poland. People infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) have a risk of active disease of around 10% during their whole life, and the risk is highest in the first two years after infection. Recognizing infection before TB disease development enables prophylaxis against its activation and ceases transmission of infection. Knowledge about the proportion of infected people in the population is crucial to predict the number of new cases of active disease. Materials and methods: The prevalence of latent TB infection (LTBI) was tested in 700 healthy adult inhabitants of the Mazowieckie province in different age groups, using both tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon gamma release assay (IGRA). Commercial test QuantiFERON®-TB-Gold In Tube (QFT) was used. All participants were mandatorily BCG vaccinated according to the Polish vaccination schedule. Results: Twenty-three per cent of participants tested positively for QFT, which was significantly less than for TST (50.3%). The prevalence of positive QFT results increased with age, as well as the incidence of TB in Poland. Positive QFT was most frequent in the oldest age group (48.8%) and rarest in the youngest (7.1%). Conversely, positive TST occurred more often in younger participants (45%), who rarely suffer from TB. Among people over 60, with the highest TB incidence rate, only 33.8% tested positively with TST. Concordance between both tests was low, with a kappa value of 0.198. The prevalence of LTBI defined as positive QFT among health care workers (HCW) was significantly higher than among other participants (32.2% v. 20.4%, p < 0.01). Conclusions: LTBI was diagnosed in 23.3% of the tested population of the Mazowieckie province. QFT is a better tool for diagnosing LTBI as it shows a positive correlation with age (as the incidence of TB disease does). Concordance between both tests is low. The prevalence of LTBI in HCW is higher than in other participants.
Interferon-Gamma-Based Tests as a New Tool in the Diagnostics of Latent Tuberculosis
Authors: Demkow Urszula
Published: June 2022

Despite increasing advances in the diagnostics and treatment of tuberculosis (TB) [...]
The Effect of Physiotherapy on Interleukin-8 Levels in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Szczegielniak Jan , Bogacz Katarzyna , Łuniewski Jacek , Majorczyk Edyta , Tukiendorf Andrzej , Czerwiński Marcin
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Interleukin-8 (IL-8), a chemokine formed by macrophages and epithelial cells and a potent chemoattractant for neutrophils, plays the principal role in the activation of neutrophils and eosinophils in the airways of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and may be used as a marker of inflammation. The inflammation in the course of COPD may be characterised by an increased neutrophil count in the sputum and elevated IL-8 levels. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of physiotherapy on IL-8 levels in induced sputum in patients with COPD. Material and methods: The study included 44 patients (21 men and 23 women, mean age 56.47 ± 9.52) managed at the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Administration Specialist Hospital in Głuchołazy, Poland, and undergoing rehabilitation at the Therapeutic Rehabilitation Facility, with the diagnosis of COPD (FEV1/VC < 65%), receiving stable drug treatment during physiotherapy. Before physiotherapy all the patients underwent treadmill exercise testing according to the Bruce protocol and had their dyspnoea assessed on the 20-point Borg scale as part of qualification for physiotherapy. All the patients participated a multidirectional three-week respiratory physiotherapy programme based on aerobic training performed on a cycloergometer. The training loads were selected on an individual basis depending on exercise tolerance. The standard physiotherapy programme also included respiratory muscle exercises with a particular emphasis on the abdominal muscles and the diaphragm, saline inhalations, postural drainage and percussion, relaxation and walks. Results: IL-8 levels were significantly lower after completion of the three-week physiotherapy. IL-8 levels in the sputum decreased from 18.91 ± 25.2 to 9.69 ± 14.06 ng/ml (p = 0.0215). The highest reduction of IL-8 levels was observed in patients with the highest baseline values. Conclusions: The decrease of IL-8 levels in induced sputum following comprehensive physiotherapy in patients with COPD suggests suppression of neutrophil activity, which may be one of the reasons for the improved clinical condition of the patients.
Powysiłkowy Skurcz Oskrzeli
Authors: Hildebrand Katarzyna
Published: June 2022

Powysiłkowy skurcz oskrzeli (EIB), astma wysiłkowa (EIA) to pojęcia określające przejściowy skurcz oskrzeli, do którego dochodzi u części osób w trakcie intensywnego wysiłku fizycznego lub po jego zakończeniu. Do rozpoznania EIB niezbędne jest wykazanie spadku FEV₁ po wykonaniu wysiłku fizycznego o co najmniej 10% w stosunku do wartości wyjściowej. Częstość występowania EIB w ogólnej populacji jest szacowana na około 12–15%, wśród zawodników olimpijskich uprawiających sporty letnie waha się między 10–20%, a u sportowców uprawiających dyscypliny zimowe (głównie narciarzy oraz łyżwiarzy) dochodzi nawet do 50–70%. U podstaw patomechanizmów EIB leżą dwie teorie: termiczna i osmotyczna. W diagnostyce różnicowej powysiłkowego skurczu oskrzeli należy brać pod uwagę przede wszystkim przewlekłe choroby układu oddechowego, sercowo-naczyniowego, dysfunkcję strun głosowych, zespół hiperwentylacyjny, brak wytrenowania lub przetrenowanie. W celu rozpoznania EIB zaleca się wykonanie badania wysiłkowego na bieżni lub cykloergometrze zgodnie z zaleceniami ATS z 1999 roku w standardowych warunkach laboratoryjnych. Z powodzeniem są wykorzystywane również testy nadreaktywności oskrzeli z wykorzystaniem bodźców pośrednich, takich jak: izokapniczna hiperwentylacja suchym powietrzem (EVH), mannitol, adenozynomonofosforan (AMP), hipertoniczny roztwór chlorku sodu lub pomiar tlenku azotu w wydychanym powietrzu (FENO). W zapobieganiu EIB można stosować leczenie niefarmakologiczne i farmakologiczne. U osób leczonych z powodu astmy optymalizacja leczenia przeciwzapalnego może usunąć objawy EIB. Beta2-mimetyki krótko- i długodziałające, leki antyleukotrienowe mogą być stosowane w pojedynczych dawkach prewencyjnych przed wykonaniem wysiłku.
The Impact of Socioeconomic Status on the Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Bąk-Drabik Katarzyna , Ziora Dariusz
Published: June 2022

Introduction: In addition to the traditional biomedical parameters, quality of life (QoL) evaluation has found its well-deserved place in the overall assessment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The impact of socioeconomic status (SES) was rarely evaluated in QoL studies in such patients with no such studies having been conducted in Poland. The aim of our study was to compare QoL between COPD patients and the control group and to evaluate the impact of SES, selected demographic characteristics, smoking and bronchial tree obstruction on the QoL in COPD patients. Material and methods: We enrolled 120 patients with COPD (98 men and 22 women; mean age: 62.3 years) with no comorbidities and 85 healthy individuals (39 men and 46 women; mean age: 56.0 years). All the COPD patients underwent spirometry. QoL was assessed with the SF-36 Health Survey and the St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire. To assess SES, demographic variables and smoking we used a questionnaire of our own authorship. Results: COPD patients showed a significantly lower QoL compared to controls. Univariate analysis demonstrated effects of educational background, income, occupation, employment status and bronchial obstruction on the individual QoL domains. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that the sociodemographic factors significantly affecting the overall QoL included: present occupation, employment status, monthly income, educational background and total exposure to cigarette smoke. No effects of age, sex or smoking status on the QoL in COPD were shown. Conclusions: The QoL in patients with COPD is affected by many factors. In addition to spirometric abnormalities the significant factors that modify QoL are: educational background, monthly income, present occupation and employment status, while sex, age and smoking status do not significantly affect QoL.
Smoking and Lung Cancer
Authors: Jassem Ewa , Szymanowska Amelia , Siemińska Alicja , Jassem Jacek
Published: June 2022

In this review we presented a relation between cigarette smoking and lung cancer. We characterized molecular alterations resulting from carcinogens present in the cigarette smoke and presented the constitutive genetic profiles related to the increased risk of lung cancer. We also discussed a possible use of these profiles in the selection of high risk groups among the heavy smokers. Finally, a positive impact of quitting smoking in lung cancer patients, including those who have undergone curative resection, was presented.
Wprowadzenie
Authors: Chazan Ryszarda , Zieliński Jan
Published: June 2022

Oddajemy do rąk Czytelników "Pneumonologii i Alergologii Polskiej" suplement zawierający wykłady wygłoszone podczas I Interdyscyplinarnej Konferencji Naukowo-Szkoleniowej Akademii Medycznej w Warszawie "Zaburzenia oddychania w czasie snu" [...]
Domowe leczenie tlenem (DLT) w Polsce w latach 1986–2005
Authors: Szafrański Wojciech , Zieliński Jan ,   Kierownicy Ośrodków Domowego Leczenia Tlenem w Polsce
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Long-term domiciliary oxygen therapy (LTOT) is part to of pulmonary care system. Uniform qualification criteria and methods of follow-up for patients undergoing LTOT have been adopted. There are 63 LTOT centres located in Poland run by specialists in pulmonology. On the occasion of 20 years of LTOT in Poland, an analysis of its development, number of patients treated, diagnoses, survival and equipment was performed. Material and methods: Data were taken from structurized LTOT centres reports. Results and conclusions: A history of LTOT may be divided into 3 periods, steady grow in the years 1986–1991, stagnation between 1992–2000 and rapid grow in the last 3 years. On 01.01.2006 there was 2601 patients receiving LTOT therapy. The most common diagnosis was COPD (85%) followed by kyphoscolisis (5%), TB sequels (4.6%), IPF (3.6%) and other rare diseases. Treatment is reimbursed by the National Health System. Oxygen is administered via an oxygen concentrator. Due to insufficient resources from the NHS the needs for LTOT treatment are not fulfilled. There are 8.4 patients treated with LTOT per 100,000 people, with large regional differences ranging from 3.7 to 14.9/100 000. The most frequent cause of death in patients receiving LTOT treatment was exacerbation of respiratory failure (71.3%), followed by sudden death (5.1%), myocardial infarction or pulmonary embolism (4.4%), lung cancer (4%) and other or not known causes (15.2%). Survival in patients receiving LTOT treatment from the years 1986–1995 was rather short: 54.6% survived less than 3 years, 3–4 years survived 13.3%, 4–5 years 11.3% and more than 5 years survived 19.7% of treated patients.
Impact of Mild Anaemia on Dyspnoea during Exertion and Exercise Tolerance in Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Nowiński Adam , Kamiński Dariusz , Kram Marek , Korzybski Damian , Stokłosa Anna , Górecka Dorota
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Dyspnoea and decreased exercise tolerance are symptoms of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Anaemia is a risk factor for reduced functional capacity and dyspnoea in stable COPD. There is limited information about the impact of anaemia on functional capacity and dyspnoea of patients during AECOPD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of decreased blood haemoglobin concentration on the results of six-minute walking test (6MWT) in patients during AECOPD. Material and methods: A post hoc analysis of data collected from prospective long-term studies on AECOPD. Haemoglobin concentration from the first obtainable hospital measurement were included in the assessment. 6MWT was performed after clinical improvement of the patient. Dyspnoea at baseline and after exercise and oxygen saturation (SpO2) during exercise was measured. Results: (presented as means ± SD): 402 patients with exacerbation of COPD (COPD stage 3.5 ± 0.6) were examined. Patients with anaemia (26% of those studied, age 74.5 ± 8.2 years) achieved 258.1 ± 125.1 m during 6MWT, with exertional desaturation of 2.9 ± 2.6%. Patients without anaemia (74% of those studied, age 70.2 ± 8.7 years) achieved 271 ± 136.0 m during 6MWT with exertional desaturation of 3.8 ± 3.7%. The haemoglobin concentration did not correlate with 6MWT, dyspnoea during 6MWT, or exercise oxygenation and blood desaturation during exercise. Conclusion: Mildly decreased blood haemoglobin concentration did not influence the results of 6MWT in patients with AECOPD.
Zalecenia Polskiego Towarzystwa Chorób Płuc Dotyczące Rozpoznawania i Leczenia Zaburzeń Oddychania w Czasie snu (ZOCS) u Dorosłych
Authors: Pływaczewski Robert , Brzecka Anna , Bielicki Piotr , Czajkowska-Malinowska Małgorzata , Cofta Szczepan , Jonczak Luiza , Radliński Jakub , Tażbirek Maciej , Wasilewska Jolanta
Published: June 2022

Sen jest stanem fizjologicznym, w którym człowiek spędza około jednej trzeciej życia—niezbędnym dla prawidłowego funkcjonowania organizmu [...]
Association of Genetic Dependences between Lung Cancer and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Grudny Jacek , Kołakowski Jacek , Kruszewski Marcin , Szopiński Janusz , Śliwiński Paweł , Wiatr Elżbieta , Winek Jolanta , Załęska Jolanta , Zych Jacek , Roszkowski-Śliż Kazimierz
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Recent studies have shown an increased risk of lung cancer in patients with bronchial obstructive changes, including patients with COPD. It seems that there are common factors of pathogenesis of both diseases associated with oxidative stress. In the present paper the genes linked to the repair of oxidative damage of DNA, associated with cancer, of iron metabolism and coding proteolytic enzymes were assessed. Material and Methods: The study was conducted in two groups of patients: 53 patients with non-small cell lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and 54 patients only with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The polymorphisms of the single nucleotide were determined in the case of the majority of genes using the PCR-RFLP method. The statistical analysis of quantitative variables was executed using the Mann-Withney U-test and the test of medians; the analysis of genetic variables was executed using the χ² test. Results: Regarding the polymorphisms of genes involved in iron metabolism, statistically significant differences between the two groups have been demonstrated only in the case of haptoglobin gene HP1/2. A higher incidence of form 1/1 was found in patients with COPD and a higher incidence of form 1/2 in patients with lung cancer and COPD. Analysis of gene polymorphisms of proteolytic enzymes and inhibitors of the enzyme gene showed statistically significant differences between the two groups only for the MMP3 gene 6A/5A. In the case of the MMP12 gene polymorphism (A-82G) a tendency toward differences in the occurrence of specific alleles was identified. Conclusions: These results indicate that patients with coincidence of COPD and lung cancer have disorders of the genes involved in iron metabolism, and they have different genetic polymorphisms of proteolytic enzymes comparing to COPD patients.
Primary Systemic ANCA-Associated Vasculitis—Recommendations Concerning Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Wiatr Elżbieta , Gawryluk Dariusz
Published: June 2022

Pierwotne systemowe zapalenia naczyń (PZN) stanowią odrębną heterogenną grupę chorób o nieznanej etiologii [...]
Jednostronnie jasne płuco na radiogramie klatki piersiowej—Wrodzony zespół Polanda
Authors: Tomos Ioannis , Papaioannou Andriana , Vlami Aikaterini , Apollonatou Vasiliki , Manali Effrosyni , Papiris Spyros
Published: June 2022

Zwiększenie przejrzystości jednego płuca wymaga wdrożenia szczególnych procedur diagnostycznych, ponieważ przyczyną takiego stanu może być wiele różnorodnych chorób układu oddechowego, włączając odmę opłucnową, masywny zator płucny, duży jednostronny pęcherz rozedmowy, czop śluzowy, zamknięcie dużego oskrzela oraz płyn w przeciwległej jamie opłucnowej. Wrodzone zaburzenia budowy ściany klatki piersiowej należą do rzadkich, choć często niezdiagnozowanych przyczyn. Zespół Polanda należy do takich rzadkich wrodzonych anomalii i polega na niewykształceniu mięśnia piersiowego większego i nieprawidłowościach budowy kończyny górnej po tej samej stronie. W pracy przedstawiono przypadek chorego z zaostrzeniem przewlekłej obturacyjnej choroby płuc (POChP) i obrazem jednostronnie jasnego płuca na radiogramie klatki piersiowej, spowodowanym zespołem Polanda.
Effect of zinc supplementation on growth of preterm infants
Authors:   M. B.Ch. B, Board candidate of pediatrics, Kurdistan Board for Medical Specialties, Hassan Nada Tahseen , Chalabi Dlair Abdulkhaleq ,   Assistant Professor, Pediatrics Department, Hawler Medical University
Published: June 2022

Background and objectives: Nutritional deficits are almost universal in low-birth weight babies. This study aimed to show the effect of zinc supplementation on growth and certain hematological parameters in preterm infants. Methods: The current case-control study was carried out on 80 healthy preterm infants below 37 weeks of age divided into two groups. The first group was a zinc-supplemented group fed with breast milk exclusively and supplemented with zinc (2 mg/kg/day) since the first day of life. The second group was a non-zinc-supplemented group fed with breast milk exclusively (without zinc supplementation). Both groups were followed up at the age of 4 months for monitoring growth and determining serum zinc and hemoglobin levels. Results: With the beginning of the study; there was no significant statistical difference between the zinc supplemented & non zinc supplemented groups in weight (2.4±0.2 kg vs 2.5±0.4kg), length (45.0±1.6 cm vs 45.2±1.5 cm) and occipitofrontal circumference (31.5±1.2 cm vs 31.5±1.1cm) respectively, but there was statistical significant difference at 4 months follow up with regard to weight (6.2±0.3 kg vs 6.0±0.2 kg) and length (63.2±2.1 cm vs 61.1±2.0 cm). Also, there was a highly significant increase in serum hemoglobin levels (11.7±1.6 gm/dl vs 10.6±1.5 gm/dl) and serum zinc level (101.2±8.1 µg/dl vs 84.1±7.0 µg/dl) in the zinc-supplemented group compared to the non-zinc-supplemented group at 4 months follow up. Conclusion: Zinc supplementation was found to be effective to enhance the growth as well as increasing serum zinc and hemoglobin levels in early months of life of preterm infants.
Metabolic syndrome and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk assessment among adult patients with thyroid diseases in chemchemal chronic disease control-center, Sulaimania
Authors:   Trainee of Kurdistan Board of Family Medicine, Sulaimani General Teaching Hospital, Sulaimani City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, Mohammed Imdad Ahmed , Ali Bushra Mohammed ,   College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Published: June 2022

Background and objectives: Metabolic syndrome is risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The study’s objective was to find the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adult patients with thyroid diseases in Chemchemal chronic disease control center-Sulaimani, and to assess their atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study conducted on 141 patients that attended the center; from 1st July 2018 to 1st January 2019. A structured questionnaire was administered and data was collected on socio-demographic, medical and behavioral history. Anthropometric measures and blood pressure were taken. Fasting venous blood samples were analyzed to measure lipids, glucose and thyroid hormones. The American Heart Association / National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute criteria, was used for the definition of metabolic syndrome. Pooled Cohort Equation from the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association was used for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk assessment of each patient. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among thyroid patients was 80%, 78.7 % of females and 77.4% of males had metabolic syndrome. Hypothyroidism, central obesity and hypertension were significantly higher among females. Hypothyroidism was the major thyroid disease, found in 69.5% of the patients and thyrotoxicosis found in 30.5% of them. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk was high in majority of thyroid patients. Conclusions: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk were significantly higher among thyroid patients than normal population.
The Value of Mitral valve E point septal separation as an index of assessment of left ventricular systolic function
Authors:   Assistant lecturer, Kurdistan Board of medical specialty, Faeq Khasro Adel , Faeq Abdulsatar Kamil Faeq ,   Lecturer, Medical College, Hawler Medical University, Al-Barzani Muzzafar ,   Assistant professor, Medical College/ Hawler Medical University. Program director of Cardiology/KBMS, Qadir Muhammad Yunis ,   Cardiologist, Directory of health of Erbil, Ministry of Health
Published: June 2022

Background and objectives: There are several methods of assessment of left ventricular function utilizing M-mode echocardiography, the most popular one being geometrically derived ejection fraction, for which its validity is compromised in case of abnormal geometry or regional wall motion abnormalities. Mitral valve E septal separation estimated by M mode echocardiography or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging can be used as an index of left ventricular systolic function assessment. The aim of this study is to assess the value of mitral valve E septal separation estimated by M mode echocardiography in evaluation of left ventricular systolic function in patients assessed in two hospitals in Erbil city. Methods: from March 2016 to May 2019, 564 patients were randomly selected in Rizgary and Erbil teaching hospitals were included in this study. For all cases; demographic data were recorded, echocardiography performed by cardiologists, ejection fraction estimated by the most appropriate method and mitral valve E septal separation estimated by M mode scanning. Results: Means of age, ejection fraction, mitral valve E septal separation were 52.4±14.8, 65.4±10.4% and 3.87±4.1 respectively. Male to female ratio was 0.64 (220/344). There was strong highly significant negative correlation between ejection fraction and E septal separation, value of 6.9 mm was the upper normal level representing ejection fraction of 55%. The sensitivity and specificity of mitral valve E septal separation more than 7 mm as a reference to low left ventricular systolic function were 100% and 99%. Conclusions: Mitral valve E septal separation is reliable and easily measurable index of assessment of left ventricular systolic function; value more than 7 mm is indicating abnormal systolic function with sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 99%.
Comparison of pre-operative temporal bone high resolution CT scan and intraoperative findings in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media
Authors:   * M.B.Ch.B, FICMS, Senior ENT Specialist, Rizgary teaching hospital, Sherwani Muhammad Ahmed , Awla Diryaz Hamad ,   M.B.Ch.B/ D.M.R.D. Radiology Specialist at Erbil teaching hospital, Said Said Mustafa ,   MD. DLO. FIBMS. FACS. Assist. Prof. Hawler Medical College. Hawler Medical University
Published: June 2022

Background and objectives:To compare the findings of high resolution computed tomography of temporal bone with intraoperative findings of patients suffering from chronic suppurative otitis media. Methods:This is a prospective randomize case study which was conducted on 100 patients complaining from chronic ear discharge and hearing impairment. The study was conducted at otolaryngology department, Rizgary Teaching hospital, Erbil City-Iraq from January 2016 to December 2018. The surgical procedures were the same for all patients as mastoid exploration. Based on the intraoperative finding it was decided either to choose canal wall up mastoidectomy or canal wall down mastoidectomy procedure that to be appropriate for particular case with studying and comparing the radiological finding accordingly. Results:Of the 100 patients,47% were males and 53% females. Eighteen cases were diagnosed with cholesteatoma and 82 cases were without. The high resolution computed tomography of temporal bone offered very high sensitivity in detecting erosion of scutum (100%), semicircular canal (100%), ossicles erosion (94%), but it gave low sensitivity 33% regarding prediction of facial nerve canal dehiscence. However, the prediction of the dehiscence of the facial canal should be not excluded regardless of images show intact facial canal in high resolution CT scan. Nearly 100% specificity obtained for erosion of scutum, semicircular canal, dehiscence of facial canal and sigmoid sinus wall. Whereas it is relatively less specific for erosion of ossicles and differentiation between the cholestatoma and granulation tissue. Conclusion:We concluded that high resolution computed tomography scan of temporal bone is a golden investigation before surgery for cases of chronic suppurative otitis media to plan for the type of surgery accordingly
Role of sickling crisis with serum zinc in children with sickle cell anemia
Authors:   Assist. Prof. College of Medicine/University of Duhok, Atrushi Akrem Mohammad , Sharaf Bahzad Khalid ,   Heevi Pediatric Teaching Hospital
Published: June 2022

Background and objectives: Sickle cell anemia causes painful crises by the occlusion of small blood vessels by spontaneous intravascular sickling. The aim of this study is to determine the possible association of Zinc deficiency with painful crises among patients with sickle cell anemia. Methods: A case – control study included 50 children with sickle cell anemia during painful crisis, 50 with Sickle cell anemia without painful crisis and 50 normal children (control group). Serum zinc was measured for all participants and statistically analyzed to test the presence of a possible significant relation between serum zinc and painful crises in sickle cell anemia. Results: The mean age of all study population was 9.79 ± 4.54 years and male to female ratio was 1.2:1. Weight, height, body mass index, Hemoglobin and packed cell volume are lower in those with sickle cell anemia as compared to controls but the difference is not statistically significant. White blood cells count is significantly higher in those with sickle cell anemia and painful crisis than those with sickle cell anemia but no painful crisis and the normal controls. Liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase are significantly higher among patients than controls. Serum zinc is lower in patients with sickle cell anemia and painful crisis than those with sickle cell anemia but without painful crisis and the normal controls (88.84±31.20, 98.62±20.78, 101.38±24.49 µg/dl respectively) and the difference is statistically significant. Conclusion: Zinc deficiency is significantly associated with predisposition to painful crises in children with sickle cell anemia.
N- terminal pro brain natriuratic peptide (nt-probnp) in apparently healthy subjects compared to metabolic syndrome subjects
Authors:   MBChB, Hasan Zaidan Azeez ,   Medical Board Student in Medical Biochemistry  Azadi Teaching Hospital, Duhok General Directorate of Health, Sulaiman Dhia Mustafa ,   PhD in Clinical Biochemistry. Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Shekhan Technical College of Health, Duhok Polytechnic University, Duhok, Iraq Degree:  Council for Medical Specialties
Published: June 2022

Background and objectives: B –type natriuretic peptide is synthesized in myocardial cells to respond to increased wall stress in association with heart failure or acute myocardial ischemia. High B –type natriuretic peptide and high Nt-pro B –type natriuretic peptide levels are candidates for cardiovascular risk markers and hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, and albuminuria. The level and relation of Nt-pro B –type natriuretic peptide with metabolic syndrome was examined in this study. Methods: In this case-control investigation, level of Nt-pro B –type natriuretic peptide of 80 metabolic syndrome patients diagnosed based on the International Diabetes Federation guidelines was compared to its level in 40 healthy controls. The subjects who accompanied the diabetic patients at Duhok Diabetes Center were screened for inclusion and exclusion criteria between the first March and May 2019. Results: The concentrations of triglyceride (215.09 vs. 104.02 mg/dL), total cholesterol (179.68 vs. 162.75mg/dL), and fasting blood glucose (188.71 vs. 88.08 mg/dL) were significantly higher in metabolic syndrome patients compared to the healthy controls, respectively. Nt-pro B –type natriuretic peptide was significantly lower in patients in contrast with healthy individuals (35.00 vs. 46.00 pg/mL), respectively. However, the proBNP level was not significantly different in metabolic syndrome patients with normal and abnormal biochemical parameters. Conclusions: This study showed a significantly lower concentration of Nt-proBNP in metabolic syndrome compared to healthy controls. However, the study did not find a significant correlation with content of metabolic syndrome.
Association between otitis media with effusion & body mass index in preschool age children
Authors:   MBChB, Trainee of KBMS, Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Razgary Teaching Hospital, Omer Chiman Abdulrahman , Mustafa Shem Arsalan Awlla
Published: June 2022

Background and objectives: Some clinical studies have suggested that otitis media with effusion may be associated with body mass index. The objective of this study is to evaluate the association between otitis media with effusion and body mass index in preschool age children. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted on 270 cases in preschool age children. All children from hospital outpatient department & kindergarten were examined by otoscope for the signs of otitis media with effusion and their body mass index was calculated based on their height and weight tympanometry was done for all of them. those with type A &B were included in our study. Results: A total of 270 children enrolled in our study. Most of them 74% (201) did not have otitis media with effusion while only 69 kids had otitis media with effusion which was equal to 25.6% of the total participants there was a significant statistical association between study groups and BMI of children. More than half of the otitis media with effusion cases (53.7%) had normal body mass index in reverse to most (74.1%) of children without ear infection. Around quarter (23.2%) of otitis media with effusion participants were over-weight, while only 8.5% of control cases were over-weight. The obesity was more prevalent (13%) among otitis media with effusion cases than normal children (4%). Conclusions: In this study we concluded that there is a significant relationship between otitis media with effusion & body mass index in preschool age children. The prevalence of obesity was higher among children with otitis media with effusion than those unaffected
Gestão estratégica no mercado independente de quadrinhos brasileiros em tempos de crise
Authors: Paiva Rodrigo Sérgio , Cunha Fernando Henrique Athayde , Falcão Christianne Soares
Published: June 2022

A partir do lançamento da graphic novel A Saga Do Porco Dourado (2021), primeira publicação do selo Elefantes Na Sala criado pelo quadrinista pernambucano Fernando Athayde, o texto busca mapear a produção independente de histórias em quadrinhos brasileiras. Por meio de um questionário aplicado através do contato direto com artistas do âmbito, realizado via redes sociais, pôde-se compreender a formação e divulgação das obras de autoria nacional, que configuram não só em um campo de atuação profissional, como também em uma forma de expressão cultural a ser preservada. A partir de tal perspectiva, a pesquisa proposta tem a intenção de criar uma base de informações sólidas sobre a editoração de HQs. Foram investigados portais dedicados à venda de quadrinhos, que possuem subpages específicas para publicações autônomas. Fundamentado por dados que investigam o atual comércio editorial, o estudo recebeu a contribuição voluntária de cerca de duzentos quadrinistas a fim de clarear o caminho para autores iniciantes e fortalecer os laços existentes entre aqueles já consagrados no mercado. Foram elaboradas questões que visam identificar o perfil do quadrinista brasileiro na atualidade, com respostas predominantemente objetivas. O resultado conta com nomes como Vitor Cafaggi, Rafael Calça, Paulo Crumbim, Magno Costa e Roberta Cirne. O mapeamento considera ainda os tempos atuais marcados pela crise econômica e sanitária, acentuada pela Covid-19, responsável por atardar o lançamentos de novos títulos e a realização de eventos relativos ao setor. A pesquisa conta com a orientação da Prof. Dra. Christianne Falcão e conta com um referencial teórico focado na gestão de produtos criativos, que abrange autores como Howkins (2013) e Cirne (1982). O material coletado já se converteu no artigo Innovation and Creativity in the Independent Market of Comic Books in Brazil, aceito para apresentação na 12ª Conferência Internacional de Fatores Humanos Aplicados e Ergonomia (AHFE 2021), a ser realizada on-line no Sheraton Times Square, Manhattan, New York, 25 a 29 de julho de 2021.
Política de transporte público e seu descaso em tempos de pandemia
Authors: Correia Bruna , Cardoso Lara
Published: June 2022

As políticas sociais vem há anos passando por um desmonte, com a chegada da pandemia a situação foi agravada. Não é novidade que o transporte público sofre com a superlotação, falta de segurança, frotas reduzidas em comparação a quantidade de usuários diários e em contrapartida, aumentos recorrentes no valor da passagem, chegando a ser abusivo com os passageiros. Com uma necessidade de distanciamento social para conter a propagação do vírus, o transporte público foi o que mais evidenciou a falta de planejamento e estrutura dos órgãos governamentais. Segundo os pesquisadores, existem uma série de medidas para se proteger do novo coronavírus, além do uso constante de máscara e álcool em gel, o distanciamento de no mínimo dois metros entre as pessoas diminuiria o número de contágios. No entanto, isso se torna impossível devido a superlotação dos ônibus, onde o ideal seria que os passageiros fossem transportados apenas sentados, mas para isso precisaria existir um aumento na frota. É notável o cunho social dessa situação, uma vez que, a maioria dos passageiros que precisam do transporte público diariamente não possuem a opção de ficar em isolamento, ou de utilizar outro meio de transporte. Não é à toa que a população preta, pobre e periférica foi a mais afetada pelo Covid-19. Com base nesses dados já citados é perceptível a importância de um transporte público de qualidade para minimizar a contaminação e pensar em mudanças na política de transporte para reduzir os gastos, otimizar o tempo do usuário, melhorar o trânsito e diminuir os poluentes, entre tantos outros benefícios.
Terapêuticas naturais direcionadas às principais disfunções estéticas uma ação extensionista
Authors: Pereira de Santana Bruna Vitória , Magalhães da Luz Elba Soraya , Medeiros de Lima Maria Eduarda , Barbosa Sales de Albuquerque Priscilla
Published: June 2022

As disfunções estéticas interferem diretamente no bem-estar biopsicossocial da população, especialmente feminina. Tais modificações orgânicas, atreladas ao estilo de vida e ao envelhecimento, vêm sendo alvo de pesquisas nos últimos anos, sobretudo na elaboração de estratégias terapêuticas acessíveis e naturais. O projeto de extensão “Belezas do Agreste” da UPE Garanhuns promoveu uma ação de divulgação consciente de receitas caseiras direcionadas às principais disfunções estéticas faciais e corporais para a comunidade da universidade e seu entorno. Foi feita uma revisão de literatura com artigos de 1990 a 2020, publicados nas bases de dados PubMed e Scielo, com o objetivo de respaldar cientificamente a efetividade terapêutica da Aloe vera e das argilas na preparação das receitas caseiras. A ação prática foi desenvolvida por estudantes de 3 diferentes cursos da universidade e oportunizou a utilização dos produtos naturais a um grupo de participantes. Os efeitos cicatrizantes e imunomoduladores descritos na literatura para a A. vera, assim como as propriedades inerentes das argilas, confirmam os benefícios desses produtos e baseiam nossa escolha de uso. A ação oportunizou aos extensionistas uma formação diferenciada em saúde e apresentou aos mais de 40 participantes formas naturais e de baixo custo para o tratamento das principais disfunções estéticas.
Hubungan Tingkat Kepuasan Pasien Rawat Inap Kelas III Terhadap Pelayanan RSI Siti Rahmah Pada Bulan Februari 2019
Authors: Putri Harni Elsa Dwika , Amran Rika , Wahyuni Sri
Published: June 2022

The level of patient satisfaction is one of indicators to be able to assess the service quality of a hospital. Many people who have used the National Health Insurance will certainly be able to influence the number of patient visits, the more patients visiting, the more will provide varied assessments. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between the level of satisfaction of class III inpatients to the services of Siti Rahmah Hospital in February 2019. The type of research conducted is cross sectional. The population in this study were class III inpatients of Siti Rahmah Hospital in Padang with 60 samples. Univariate analysis is presented in the frequency distribution table. Bivariate analysis is used with the chi-square test. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between patient satisfaction and reliability, assurance tangibles, empathy, and responsiveness, p = 0,000, in class III inpatients at Siti Rahmah Hospital in Padang. The conclusions of this study were there is a significant correlation between the satisfaction of Class III inpatients on the services of Siti Rahmah Padang Hospital in terms of dimensions of service quality which are reliability, assurance, tangibles, empathy, and responsiveness, however, because there is a cell worth “zero”, it can only be concluded that there is a tendency for patients to feel satisfied with the service.
Hubungan Stres dengan Derajat Hipertensi Di Puskesmas Guguk Panjang Bukittinggi Tahun 2018
Authors: Putri Utami Indah , Anissa Mutiara , Widiastuti Wisda
Published: June 2022

Hypertension is a vascular disease, known as silent killer because it often causes no symptoms. Risk factors which can cause hypertension is stress. Stress can trigger hypertension through the activity of the sympathetic nervous system which results in intermittent rise in blood pressure.Objective To determine the relationship of stress with the degree of hypertension in Health Center service Guguk Panjang Bukittinggi.This study is a correlative bivariate analytic study using the Cross Sectional Study approach. The number of samples is 51 people in consecutive sampling. Data collection is by using the PSS questionnaire and blood pressure measurements. Analysis using the Sperman statistical test, s rank test. The results of the study are moderate stress 45.1%, severe stress 7.8%, and stage 1 hypertensive patients, 58.8%, pre-hypertension for 9.8%. There is a relationship of stress with the degree of hypertension with a p value of 0.001 < 0.05
DA NHẠY CẢM
Authors: Tran Nguyen Anh Tú
Published: June 2022

Hội chứng da nhạy cảm
NỒNG ĐỘ VITAMIN B12 TRONG HUYẾT THANH BỆNH NHÂN MÀY ĐAY MẠN TÍNH TỰ PHÁ
Authors: Lê Thái Vân Thanh , Văn Đặng Hữu Đức
Published: June 2022

Mục tiêu: Xác định nồng độ vitamin B12 toàn phần và vitamin B12 dạng hoạt động (holotranscobalamin – holoTC) trong huyết thanh của bệnh nhân mày đay mạn tính tự phát tại khu vực TP.Hồ Chí Minh.

Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu được thực hiện từ tháng 01/2020 đến tháng 06/2020 bằng phương pháp mô tả, cắt ngang có so sánh với nhóm đối chứng. Tổng số có 56 mẫu máu được thu thập từ 45 bệnh nhân mày đay mạn tính tự phát và 11 người khỏe mạnh được định lượng nồng độ vitamin B12 toàn phần và vitamin B12 dạng hoạt động bằng phương pháp miễn dịch điện hóa phát quang (ECLIA), sử dụng thang điểm UAS4 để đánh giá hoạt độ bệnh trong 4 ngày liên tiếp

Kết quả: Nồng độ vitamin B12 toàn phần trong nhóm bệnh nhân mày đay mạn tính tự phát là 478,4 pmol/L (khoảng tứ phân vị 404 - 579,7) và nhóm người khỏe mạnh là 719,7 pmol/L (khoảng tứ phân vị 615,9 - 815,4). Nồng độ vitamin B12 dạng hoạt động (holoTC), trong nhóm bệnh nhân mày đay mạn tính tự phát và nhóm người khỏe mạnh lần lượt là 83,8 pmol/L (khoảng tứ phân vị 64,1 - 156) và 155,3 pmol/L (khoảng tứ phân vị 105,1 - 187). Có mối tương quan âm, mức độ mạnh giữa nồng độ vitamin B12 dạng hoạt động (holoTC) và các nhóm điểm hoạt độ mày đay UAS4 (hệ số tương quan Spearman -0,58, p<0,001).

Kết luận: Nồng độ vitamin B12 toàn phần và nồng độ vitamin B12 dạng hoạt động (holoTC) đều thấp hơn so với nhóm người khỏe mạnh. Đặc biệt, có mối tương quan âm, mức độ mạnh giữa nồng độ vitamin B12 dạng hoạt động (holoTC) và điểm hoạt độ mày đay.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Berbasis Web Offline pada Siswa Kelas X SMA Negeri 8 Malang
Authors: Firdausia Amalia , Asrori Imam , Ahsanuddin Mohammad
Published: June 2022

The objective of this developmental research are: (1) to de­scribe the product of offline web-based instructional media of Arabic language for X class of SMAN 8 Malang, (2) to describe the feasibil­ity of offline web-based instructional media of Arabic language for X class of SMAN 8 Ma­lang, and (3) to describe the use of offline web-based instructional media of Arabic language for X class of SMAN 8 Malang. This study uses a model of Re­search and Development (R&D) by Borg & Gall. The data is verbal and nu­merical data. The instrument used in this study are the researcher and questionnaires. Test subject in this developmental research include: 1) one matter experts, 2) a media expert both lecturers in the De­partment of Arabic Literature UM and 3) high school studies teach­ers who teach the Arabic lan­gu­age; 4) 35 students of Senior High School at X class. The results of this developmental research are the offline web-based instructional media of Arabic language that is in the form of CD. The product is well worth about 93.05% level of eli­gibility. The product is used with the clas­sical and in­de­pendent instructional model.
Analisis Pelaksanaan Supervisi Pembelajaran Kepala Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Jeneponto, Sulawesi Selatan
Authors: Ahmad Mualimin , Tolla Ismail , Ratmawati Ratmawati
Published: June 2022

This research is intended to examine the implementation of the supervision of the headmaster of Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Jeneponto, which includes: processes, techniques, as well as supporting and inhibiting factors. The type of this research is qualitative and the informants are the head of the madrasah, the deputy head of the madrasah, and two subject teachers. Data were collected using interviews, observation, and documentation. The data analysis technique was carried out by using qualitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that 1) the process of implementing the supervision of the headmaster of Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Jeneponto through three stages, namely preparation, implementation, and meeting back and follow-up. 2) There are two techniques in implementing the supervision of the headmaster, namely individual supervision and group supervision. Individual supervision technique in the form of class visits, inter-class visits, class observations, and individual meetings. Whereas in the group technique, the headmaster uses a meeting between the supervisor (headmaster) and the teachers. 3) The supporting factor for the implementation of the supervision is the readiness of the teacher to receive guidance and assistance from the headmaster; fostering good relations between fellow teachers and madrasah principals; a conducive madrasah climate; completeness of facilities and infrastructure; availability of adequate teachers and staff both in quantity and quality. The inhibiting factor is the limited time due to the many activities/duties of the head of the madrasah both inside and outside the madrasah.
Air-Ice-Ocean Interactions and the Delay of Autumn Freeze-Up in the Western Arctic Ocean
Authors:   Applied Physics Lab, University of Washington, Seattle, Thomson Jim , Smith Maddie , Drushka Kyla , Lee Craig
Published: June 2022

Arctic sea ice is becoming a more seasonal phenomenon as a direct result of global warming. Across the Arctic, the refreezing of the ocean surface each autumn now occurs a full month later than it did just 40 years ago. In the western Arctic (Canada Basin), the delay is related to an increase in the seasonal heat stored in surface waters; cooling to the freezing point requires more heat loss to the atmosphere in autumn. In the marginal ice zone, the cooling and freezing process is mediated by ocean mixing and by the presence of remnant sea ice, which may precondition the ocean surface for refreezing. The delay in refreezing has many impacts, including increased open ocean exposure to autumn storms, additional wave energy incident to Arctic coasts, shifts in animal migration patterns, and extension of the time window for transit by commercial ships along the Northern Sea Route. This article reviews the observed trends in the western Arctic and the processes responsible for these trends, and provides brief in situ observations from the Beaufort Sea that illustrate some of these processes.
Die Umwälzung der Welt
Authors: Zwierlein Eduard
Published: June 2022

Es zeichnen sich bestimmte Muster ab, die offensichtlich immer wieder zu beobachten sind und die sowohl mit dem Phänomen großer Krisen selbst als auch mit der Natur des Menschen verknüpft sind. Was können wir aus diesen Einsichten für unsere gegenwärtigen Herausforderungen lernen? Denn auch wir sind tief in Pandemien und vor allem in eine ökologische Krise verstrickt, insbesondere in den Klimawandel. Wir, die wir inmitten mächtiger Umwälzungen stehen, müssen lernen, unsere Zukunft lebensfreundlich zu gestalten.
Bleiberecht für Opfer von Hasskriminalität
Authors: Herker Simon
Published: June 2022

How must the state shape victim protection in migration law? In order to answer legal dogmatic questions about the right of residence of those affected by hate crime, this study also makes use of sociological and victimological findings. The hybrid legal subject is taken into account by analysing European and international law as well as German constitutional, administrative and criminal (procedural) law. In addition, administrative practice in the Federal Republic of Germany is empirically examined. The need for a reform to clarify the status of victims of hate crime under residence law becomes clear. The study concludes with corresponding legislative proposals.