bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lengthening adalimumab dosing interval in quiescent Crohn’s disease patients: protocol for the pragmatic randomised non-inferiority LADI study
Authors: Smits L J T , Pauwels R W M , Kievit W , de Jong D J , de Vries A C , Hoentjen F , van der Woude C J ,   on behalf of the LADI study group
Published: May 2020

Introduction

Adalimumab is effective for maintenance of remission in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) at a dose of 40 mg subcutaneously every 2 weeks. However, adalimumab is associated with (long-term) adverse events and is costly. The aim of this study is to demonstrate non-inferiority and cost-effectiveness of disease activity guided adalimumab interval lengthening compared to standard dosing of every other week (EOW).

Methods and analysis

The Lengthening Adalimumab Dosing Interval (LADI) study is a pragmatic, multicentre, open label, randomised controlled non-inferiority trial. Non-inferiority is reached if the difference in cumulative incidence of persistent (>8 weeks) flares does not exceed the non-inferiority margin of 15%. 174 CD patients on adalimumab maintenance therapy in long-term (>9 months) clinical and biochemical remission will be included (C-reactive protein (CRP) <10 mg/L, faecal calprotectin (FC) <150 µg/g, Harvey-Bradshaw Index (HBI) <5). Patients will be randomised 2:1 into the intervention (adalimumab interval lengthening) or control group (adalimumab EOW). The intervention group will lengthen the adalimumab administration interval to every 3 weeks, and after 24 weeks to every 4 weeks. Clinical and biochemical disease activity will be monitored every 12 weeks by physician global assessment, HBI, CRP and FC. In case of disease flare, dosing will be increased. A flare is defined as two of three of the following criteria; FC>250 µg/g, CRP≥10 mg/l, HBI≥5. Secondary outcomes include cumulative incidence of transient flares, adverse events, predictors for successful dose reduction and cost-effectiveness.

Ethics and dissemination

The study is approved by the Medical Ethics Committee Arnhem-Nijmegen, the Netherlands (registration number NL58948.091.16). Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at international conferences.

Trial registration numbers

EudraCT registry (2016-003321-42); Clinicaltrials.gov registry (NCT03172377); Dutch trial registry (NTRID6417).
Optimised clinical study recruitment in palliative care: success strategies and lessons learned
Authors: White Clare , Noble Simon , Watson Max , Swan Flavia , Nelson Annmarie , Johnson Miriam J
Published: May 2020

Recruitment challenges to clinical research studies in palliative care settings, particularly in hospices, are well documented. However, a recent study (HospiceInpatientDeep vein thrombosisDetection(HIDDen) study) performed across five hospices in the UK recruited above target and on time. We describe strategies that aided successful recruitment in this study, and the lessons learnt for improving future studies. A recent review suggested that the ‘Social Marketing Mix Framework’ (SMMF) could help researchers with recruitment strategies in palliative care. We describe the recruiting strategies employed through the Social Marketing Mix lens and consider if it would be a useful framework for future researchers to use at the planning stage. Successful recruitment strategies employed in HIDDen study included: (i) addressing particular study-related factors, (ii) ensuring all patients were screened and offered participation if eligible, (iii) reducing impact on the clinical team through dedicated research nurses at sites, (iv) addressing research team issues with cross-cover between sites, where geographically possible, and (v) regular video conferencing meetings for support and collaborative solving of challenges. Limited pre-existing research infrastructure at most of the recruiting hospices created particular challenges. The SMMF provides a potential structure to help researchers to plan recruitment. However, to fully streamline trial set up and in order for hospice involvement in research to be realised systematically, a centralised approach to governance, organisational culture change whereby hospices embrace research as a legitimate purpose and consistent access to research staff are identified as key strategic elements promoting recruitment to studies in hospices.
Cosmological framework for renormalization group extended gravity at the action level
Authors: Bertini Nicolas R. , Hipólito-Ricaldi Wiliam S. , de Melo-Santos Felipe , Rodrigues Davi C.
Published: May 2020

General relativity (GR) extensions based on renormalization group (RG) flows may lead to scale-dependent couplings with nontrivial effects at large distance scales. Here we develop further the approach in which RG effects at large distance scales are fully encoded in an effective action and we apply it to cosmology. In order to evaluate the cosmological consequences, our main assumption is the use of a RG scale such that the (infrared) RG effects only appear at perturbative order (not at the background level). The emphasis here is on analytical results and qualitative understanding of the implied cosmology. We employ commonly used parametrizations for describing modified gravity in cosmology (as the slip parameter). From them, we describe the dynamics of the first order perturbations and estimate bounds on the single dimensionless parameter ($$\nu $$ν) introduced by this framework. Possible impacts on dark matter and dark energy are discussed. It is also shown here that the $$\nu $$ν parameter effects to $$f\sigma _8$$fσ8 are stronger at low redshifts ($$z<1.5$$z<1.5), while different values for $$\nu $$ν do not appreciably change $$f\sigma _8$$fσ8 at higher redshifts, thus opening a window to alleviate an issue that is currently faced by $$\Lambda $$ΛCDM.
COMPARATIVE TFP GROWTH BETWEEN GCC CONVENTIONAL AND ISLAMIC BANKS BEFORE AND AFTER THE 2008 FINANCIAL CRISIS
Authors: AZZAM AZZEDDINE , RETTAB BELAID
Published: May 2020

This paper measures and compares the performance of GCC conventional and Islamic banks in terms of total factor productivity growth (TFPG) before and after the 2008 financial crisis. The sources of TFPG are technical change, size economies, and observed asset growth. Technical change and size economies are measured by estimating a translog cost function and factor share equations. Results show that Islamic banks outperformed conventional banks overall and across different sizes. To the extent that product and process innovation improves TFPG, Islamic banks have weathered the 2008 financial crisis by being more innovative than conventional banks.
BUILDING TRUST IN WAQF MANAGEMENT — IMPLICATIONS OF GOOD GOVERNANCE AND TRANSPARENT REPORTING
Authors: HASAN RASHEDUL , AHMAD ABU UMAR FARUQ , BT. SIRAJ SITI ALAWIAH
Published: May 2020

This study seeks to highlight the implications of governance and reporting practices in ensuring accountability and building donors trust in Waqf Institutions (WIs). Data gathered through the survey are analyzed using PLS-SEM technique. The conceptual model was developed based on the critical review of the past literature. Among the three proxies of board attributes, only board ability has a significant positive impact on accountability. Voluntary information disclosure has a significant positive impact on accountability. Accountability has a significant impact on building trust in waqf management. Results provided by the study advocate for the adoption of formal reporting and improved governance mechanisms to enhance donors’ trust in WIs.
DIVISION OF LABOR UNDER PERFECT COMPETITION
Authors: LAI PUQING , REQUATE TILL
Published: May 2020

This paper develops a simple model of division of labor under perfect competition. The model shows under that the division of labor is compatible with perfectly competitive markets if coordination costs are increasing with the number of teams. We also show under what conditions interior solutions for the division of labor exist under imperfect competition.
On Bennequin-type inequalities for links in tight contact 3-manifolds
Authors: Cavallo Alberto
Published: May 2020

We prove that a version of the Thurston–Bennequin inequality holds for Legendrian and transverse links in a rational homology contact 3-sphere [Formula: see text], whenever [Formula: see text] is tight. More specifically, we show that the self-linking number of a transverse link [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text], such that the boundary of its tubular neighborhood consists of incompressible tori, is bounded by the Thurston norm [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text]. A similar inequality is given for Legendrian links by using the notions of positive and negative transverse push-off.

We apply this bound to compute the tau-invariant for every strongly quasi-positive link in [Formula: see text]. This is done by proving that our inequality is sharp for this family of smooth links. Moreover, we use a stronger Bennequin inequality, for links in the tight 3-sphere, to generalize this result to quasi-positive links and determine their maximal self-linking number.
A NEW PERSPECTIVE TO STUDY THE THIRD-ORDER MODIFIED KDV EQUATION ON FRACTAL SET
Authors: LIU JIAN-GEN , YANG XIAO-JUN , FENG YI-YING , CUI PING
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we construct the Bäcklund transformations and the super-position formulas to the constant coefficients local fractional Riccati equation for the first time. Next, by means of the Bäcklund transformations and seed solutions which have been known in [X. J. Yang et al., Non-differentiable solutions for local fractional nonlinear Riccati differential equations, Fundam. Inform. 151(1–4) (2017) 409–417], we can get a class of exact solutions to the third-order modified KdV equation on the fractal set. These new type solutions can assist us to review different nonlinear phenomena better, which had been modeled via local fractional derivative.
VISIBILITY OF CARTESIAN PRODUCTS OF CANTOR SETS
Authors: ZHANG TINGYU , JIANG KAN , LI WENXIA
Published: May 2020

Let [Formula: see text] be the attractor of the following iterated function system(IFS): [Formula: see text] Given [Formula: see text], we say the line [Formula: see text] is visible through [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] Let [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we give a complete description of [Formula: see text], containing its Hausdorff dimension and topological properties.
CAPITAL MOBILITY, QUASI-RENTS, AND THE COMPETITIVE SELF-ORGANIZATION OF DISTRIBUTIONS OF PROFITABILITY
Authors: DOS SANTOS PAULO L. , YANG JANGHO
Published: May 2020

This paper considers patterns of organization in distributions of the rate of return on capital (RoC) realized by individual enterprises. It shows that large-sample cross sections of RoC across several European economies are persistently well described by the same functional form: Sharply peaked distributions with stretched-exponential tails. To account for this observation, the paper develops a systemic model of the competitive regulation of profitability by the pursuit of arbitrage profits latent in any heterogeneity across values of RoC. Under the model, the observed distributional forms embody two simple, emergent results of capital-market competition: The competitive maximization of aggregate arbitrage profits; and the endogenous formation of the cost of capital from individual measures of RoC, in the presence of dynamic entrepreneurial and monopolistic quasi-rents. The paper’s discussion defines a series of new, observable macroscopic measures of competitive performance in decentralized market economies. It also points to the aptness of understanding prices as parts of structures of generalized Marx–Sraffa “prices of production,” predicated on the characteristics of capital-market statistical equilibria; to a general theoretical approach to the regulation of certain economic quantities by arbitrage; and to the role the costs of informational gains play in shaping observable outcomes in the operation of certain types of goal-seeking, self-organizing systems.
Dynamic Analysis of Layered Functionally Graded Viscoelastic Deep Beams with Different Boundary Conditions Due to a Pulse Load
Authors: Asiri Saeed A. , Akbaş Ş. D. , Eltaher M. A.
Published: May 2020

This paper studies the dynamic viscoelastic response of functionally graded (FG) thick 2D cantilever and simply supported beams under dynamic pulse load, for the first time. A point load applied at a specific spatial point is described as a time-pulse sinusoidal load. Two-dimensional plane-stress constitutive equation is exploited to describe the local stress–strain relation through the beam. The gradation of material is depicted by generalized power law function through the layer thickness across beam thickness. The Kelvin–Voigt viscoelastic model is proposed to describe material damping of structure. Lagrange’s equation is employed to derive governing motion equation. A finite element method (FEM) is exploited to discretize the spatial domain of 2D beam structure by using 12-node 2D plane element. Numerical Newmark implicit time integration method is proposed to solve the equation of motion incrementally and get the response of beam structure. Two types of boundary conditions are considered in the numerical examples. In numerical results, effects of stacking sequence, geometry parameters and material gradation index and viscoelasticity coefficients on the displacement-time response of layered functionally graded viscoelastic deep beams for different boundary conditions.
Optimization of piezoelectric MEMS process on Sr and La co-doped PZT thin films
Authors: Kathiresan M. , Jose Jain , Varadarajan E. , Ramesh R. , Natarajan V. , Jayaraj M. K. , Santhanakrishnan T.
Published: May 2020

Doped lead–zirconate–titanate (PZT) thin films are preferred for the development of micro–electro–mechanical systems (MEMS)-based acoustic sensors because of their inherent higher dielectric and piezoelectric coefficients. Patterning process is used to develop such MEMS devices which is highly complex even for undoped PZT thin films; therefore, the problem is further cumbersome for doped PZT thin films due to the presence of added dopant elements and their associated chemistry. This paper presents patterning of strontium (Sr) and lanthanum (La) co-doped PZT thin film (PSLZT) deposited on platinized silicon substrate using wet and dry etching processes for fabricating a diaphragm structure with thickness of 15–25[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m and diameter of 1.4–2[Formula: see text]mm, suitable for acoustic sensing applications. The effects of various etching conditions have been studied and the results are reported. It is found that the dry etching is the most suited process for realizing the piezoelectric MEMS structure due to its higher etching resolution. An appreciable etching rate of 260–270[Formula: see text]nm/min with smooth vertical sidewalls is achieved. The silicon diaphragm with patterned PSLZT thin film is found to retain more than 80% of its dielectric and piezoelectric coefficients and has a resonance of 1.43[Formula: see text]MHz.
Linear differential equations for the resolvents of the classical matrix ensembles
Authors: Rahman Anas A. , Forrester Peter J.
Published: May 2020

The spectral density for random matrix [Formula: see text] ensembles can be written in terms of the average of the absolute value of the characteristic polynomial raised to the power of [Formula: see text], which for even [Formula: see text] is a polynomial of degree [Formula: see text]. In the cases of the classical Gaussian, Laguerre, and Jacobi weights, we show that this polynomial, and moreover, the spectral density itself, can be characterized as the solution of a linear differential equation of degree [Formula: see text]. This equation, and its companion for the resolvent, are given explicitly for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for all three classical cases, and also for [Formula: see text] in the Gaussian case. Known dualities for the spectral moments relating [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] then imply corresponding differential equations in the case [Formula: see text], and for the Gaussian ensemble, the case [Formula: see text]. We apply the differential equations to give a systematic derivation of recurrences satisfied by the spectral moments and by the coefficients of their [Formula: see text] expansions, along with first-order differential equations for the coefficients of the [Formula: see text] expansions of the corresponding resolvents. We also present the form of the differential equations when scaled at the hard or soft edges.
Pliocene uplift of the Massif Central (France) constrained by the palaeoelevation quantified from the pollen record of sediments preserved along the Cantal Stratovolcano (Murat area)
Authors: Fauquette Séverine , Suc Jean-Pierre , Popescu Speranta-Maria , Guillocheau François , Violette Sophie , Jost Anne , Robin Cécile , Briais Justine , Baby Guillaume
Published: May 2020

The French Massif Central is a key basement relief. This region experienced an intense period of alkaline volcanism, beginning with the Cantal Stratovolcano at 11 Ma and ending at 3 Ma. To quantify the palaeoelevation of the Cantal Stratovolcano and to replace it in the frame of the uplift history of the Massif Central, we first reconstructed the vegetation and climate based on a pollen analysis of the Murat diatomites, which were deposited in a maar lake. The vegetation was organized in three different belts: a
Glyptostrobus
swamp around the lake; a mixed forest; and, at higher altitudes, a conifer forest. The climate estimated using the climatic amplitude method indicates temperatures between 11.4 and 17°C. Using these estimates and comparison with contemporaneous sites, we infer a palaeoelevation for Murat between 710 and 930 m a.s.l. This site was therefore uplifted by 130 to perhaps 350 m during the Early Pliocene, leading to a reorganization of the drainage pattern and the capture of rivers flowing from the northern edge of the Massif Central towards the Atlantic Ocean. Our study confirms that the Cantal Stratovolcano was a high volcano (>2500 m) before its progressive dismantling during glacial episodes in the Pleistocene.
Did an earthquake located off Jersey trigger a mudflow preserving the only loess outcrop known under the seas?
Authors: Lefort Jean-Pierre , Chambers Paul , Danukalova Guzel , Monnier Jean-Laurent , Osipova Eugenia , Renouf John , Aoustin David , Pustoc'h François
Published: May 2020

A 5 m long core sample, retrieved from between Jersey and the Cotentin (France) has been studied using different techniques. Between the lower part and the top, the core is a yellowish loess, a black mud and a grey shelly formation. The basal formation, which displays a typical loess granulometry, is the only loess found anywhere
in situ
on the subtidal seabed worldwide. Elsewhere, this fragile sediment has always been washed out by the successive Quaternary transgressions. The overlying mud formation, which displays characteristics of a landslide, sealed the loess deposit. Because this core has been sampled on the rim of a submarine valley located in front of a major onshore geological disruption, clearly associated with an active seismic zone, it is possible that an earthquake triggered a slope failure causing a gravity collapse of materials that protected the loess deposit from subsequent erosion, although we cannot completely rule out the effects of a large flood.

Supplementary material:
Tables showing the results of the pollen analysis and distribution of mollusc shells and other fossils in borehole O-VC15, and a figure showing the distribution of mollusc species in core O-VC15 and a possible reconstruction of the palaeoenvironment during sediment deposition are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4991753
Friction Performance and Mechanism of the Molybdenum Disulfide Film in Carbon Dioxide Atmosphere
Authors: Chen Shibo , Huo Lei , Lu Zhaoxia , Pu Jibin , Hou Baorong
Published: May 2020

In this work, the tribological properties of MoS2 films were investigated in air, vacuum and carbon dioxide environments by means of experiments and First-principles calculations. The results showed that the MoS2 film had the lowest and more stable coefficient of friction in carbon dioxide atmosphere than that in other environments. The MoS2 film usually loses some S atoms to produce S-vacancy defects during sputtering deposition, which can be filled by carbon dioxide molecules in a way of chemisorption. The strong repulsive force always existed at the interfaces of MoS2 adsorbed with carbon dioxide molecules, which was responsible for the low friction coefficient of MoS2 films in carbon dioxide. In the future, the MoS2 film is likely to be widely used on Mars that is well known for its CO2-rich atmosphere.
Why is the explicit component of motor adaptation limited in elderly adults?
Authors: Vandevoorde Koenraad , Orban de Xivry Jean-Jacques
Published: May 2020

Our work addresses the contradiction between the age-related increase in the contribution of cognition for the execution of motor tasks and the age-related decrease in the cognitive component of motor adaptation. We predicted that elderly adults would need more cognitive resources for reaches and would, therefore, not have enough cognitive resources available for adaptation. Rather, we observed that visuospatial abilities could better explain the amount of cognition used by our participants for motor adaptation.
A Study on a New Class of Backward Stochastic Differential Equation
Authors: He Ping , Ren Yong , Zhang Defei
Published: May 2020

The existence and uniqueness for a new type of backward stochastic differential equation when the generator includes the values of solutions of the past, the present, and the future are obtained in this paper. An important comparison theorem for this sort of BSDEs is also proved.
High Hepatitis B Seroprevalence, Low Knowledge, and Poor Attitude towards Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Market Women in Bolgatanga Metropolis in the Upper East Region of Ghana
Authors: Helegbe Gideon K. , Tanko Faiza , Aryee Paul A. , Lotsu Setor Aku , Asaarik Mathias J. A. , Anaba Frank
Published: May 2020

The Bolgatanga Municipal Health Directorate has reported liver cirrhosis among the first three diseases causing mortality from 2013 to 2015. This implicates hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection considering its high prevalence among blood donors in the Upper East Region of Ghana. However, for a vulnerable group such as market women, there is not much information with regard to the prevalence, knowledge, and attitude towards HBV infection. Thus, this study sought to bridge this gap by determining the seroprevalence, knowledge, and attitude of market women in the Bolgatanga Municipality of Ghana, towards HBV infection. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted (from October 2017 to March 2018) among 404 market women using a pretested questionnaire to ascertain the knowledge and attitudes of market women towards HBV infection, while hepatitis B surface Antigen Rapid Diagnostic Test strips were used to screen for the infection. The study revealed that the seroprevalence of hepatitis B among the market women was 15.6%, and majority of the study subjects (>60%) were unaware of HBV infection. Overall, knowledge on and attitude towards HBV infection were low and poor, respectively, with a significantly high number of the market women not wanting infected individuals to be isolated (p=0.049). A high seroprevalence, together with poor attitude and low knowledge levels, as seen in this study is of great public health concern. The study recommends regular HBV screening for market women for prompt treatment and vaccination as well as continuous health education to increase knowledge level and improve the poor attitudes of market women towards HBV infection.
Dependence of Temperatures and Kinetic Freeze-Out Volume on Centrality in Au-Au and Pb-Pb Collisions at High Energy
Authors: Waqas Muhammad , Liu Fu-Hu , Wazir Zafar
Published: May 2020

Centrality-dependent double-differential transverse momentum spectra of negatively charged particles (π−, K−, and p¯) at the mid(pseudo)rapidity interval in nuclear collisions are analyzed by the standard distribution in terms of multicomponent. The experimental data measured in gold-gold (Au-Au) collisions by the PHENIX Collaboration at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and in lead-lead (Pb-Pb) collisions by the ALICE Collaboration at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are studied. The effective temperature, initial temperature, kinetic freeze-out temperature, transverse flow velocity, and kinetic freeze-out volume are extracted from the fitting to transverse momentum spectra. We observed that the mentioned five quantities increase with the increase of event centrality due to the fact that the average transverse momentum increases with the increase of event centrality. This renders that larger momentum (energy) transfer and further multiple scattering had happened in central centrality.
Performance Evaluation of Proximity Services and Wi-Fi for Public Safety Mission Critical Voice Application
Authors: Garey Wesley D. , Sun Yishen , Rouil Richard A.
Published: May 2020

Proximity Services (ProSe) and Wi-Fi are two promising technologies that may provide support for Mission Critical Voice (MCV) applications in remote and rural areas by enabling Device-to-Device (D2D) communication. In this paper, several performance metrics of ProSe and Wi-Fi are evaluated and compared side-by-side under various configurations. The ns-3 simulation results show that ProSe outperforms Wi-Fi in terms of coverage range and access time with a medium traffic load, while Wi-Fi has a shorter access time under a light traffic load. In addition, with various user densities, ProSe offers better coverage range and access time a majority of the time. The evaluation in this paper provides insights to first responders on what to expect with either technology and how to improve the performance by adjusting different system parameters.
Vascular Endothelial Cells and Innate Immunity
Authors: Shao Ying , Saredy Jason , Yang William Y. , Sun Yu , Lu Yifan , Saaoud Fatma , Drummer Charles , Johnson Candice , Xu Keman , Jiang Xiaohua , Wang Hong , Yang Xiaofeng
Published: May 2020

In addition to the roles of endothelial cells (ECs) in physiological processes, ECs actively participate in both innate and adaptive immune responses. We previously reported that, in comparison to macrophages, a prototypic innate immune cell type, ECs have many innate immune functions that macrophages carry out, including cytokine secretion, phagocytic function, antigen presentation, pathogen-associated molecular patterns-, and danger-associated molecular patterns-sensing, proinflammatory, immune-enhancing, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppression, migration, heterogeneity, and plasticity. In this highlight, we introduce recent advances published in both
ATVB
and many other journals: (1) several significant characters classify ECs as novel immune cells not only in infections and allograft transplantation but also in metabolic diseases; (2) several new receptor systems including conditional danger-associated molecular pattern receptors, nonpattern receptors, and homeostasis associated molecular patterns receptors contribute to innate immune functions of ECs; (3) immunometabolism and innate immune memory determine the innate immune functions of ECs; (4) a great induction of the immune checkpoint receptors in ECs during inflammations suggests the immune tolerogenic functions of ECs; and (5) association of immune checkpoint inhibitors with cardiovascular adverse events and cardio-oncology indicates the potential contributions of ECs as innate immune cells.
Economic Burden and Healthcare Resource Use for Thoracic Aortic Dissections and Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms—A Population‐Based Cost‐of‐Illness Analysis
Authors: McClure R. Scott , Brogly Susan B. , Lajkosz Katherine , McClintock Chad , Payne Darrin , Smith Holly N. , Johnson Ana P.
Published: May 2020

Background

Thoracic aortic dissections (
TADs
) and thoracic aortic aneurysms (
TAAs
) are resource intensive. We sought to determine economic burden and healthcare resource use to guide health policy.

Methods and Results

Using universal healthcare coverage data for Ontario, Canada, from 2003 to 2016, a cost‐of‐illness analysis was performed. From a single‐payer's perspective, direct costs (hospitalization, reinterventions, readmissions, rehabilitation, extended care, home care, prescription drugs, and imaging) were assessed in 2017 Canadian dollars. Controls without
TADs
or
TAAs
were matched 10:1 on age, sex, and socioeconomic status to cases with
TADs
or
TAAs
to compare posthospital service use to the general population. Linear and spline regression were used for cost trends. Total hospital costs increased from $9 M to $20.7 M for
TADs
(
P
<0.0001) and $13 M to $18 M for
TAAs
(
P
<0.001). Costs cumulated to $587 M for 17 113 cases. Median hospital costs for
TADs
were $11 525 ($6102 medical, $26 896 endograft, and $30 372 surgery) with an increase over time (
P
=0.04). For
TAAs
, median costs were $16 683 ($7247 medical, $11 679 endograft, and $22 949 surgery) with a decrease over time (
P
=0.03). Home care was the most used posthospital service (
TADs
44%,
TAAs
38%), but rehabilitation had the highest median cost (
TADs
$11.9 M,
TAAs
$11 M). Men had increased median costs for indexed hospitalizations relative to women, yet women used more posthospital services with higher service costs.

Conclusions

Total yearly costs have increased for
TADs
and
TAAs
. Median hospital costs have increased for
TADs
yet decreased for
TAAs
. Women use posthospital healthcare services more often than men.
Shifting Memories
Authors: Wong Wai Yin Christina
Published: May 2020

Five years after the establishment of the World Young Women’s Christian Association (YWCA) in 1894 under the influence of the Protestant evangelical movement the Chinese YWCA national committee was founded in 1899. Shortly after the overthrow of the Manchu Empire, the Canton YWCA was founded in 1912, the first year of the Republic of China. In this study I examine three oral history interviews with former YWCA staff, supplemented by the written recollections of a former general secretary and other scarce materials to reconstruct the fragmented work of the Canton YWCA in the 1940s. In the conclusion, I discuss how their memories have shifted according to their contingent “present” identities in different periods of time, and how they are dependent on individual concerns, institutional affiliations and socio-political contexts.
The Muslimah Intimate Public: Re-Considering Contemporary Daʾwa Activists in Indonesia
Authors: Beta Annisa R.
Published: May 2020

This article reconsiders contemporary digital activism in an increasingly pious Indonesia and responds to Eva F. Nisa’s 2018 paper on young Muslim women as daʾwa (proselytization) activists published in this journal. This paper asks: How have today’s socially mediated publics in Indonesia influenced the figure of the daʾwa activist? How are these daʾwa activists different from those in the past? I argue that the daʾwa activists are the products of a Muslimah intimate public, part of a networked public within which young women discuss, engage with, and express how they ‘feel’ about issues that interest them, and celebrate self-improvement and self-enterprise, combined with religious self-cultivation. Within this public daʾwa activists have two key characteristics. First, market logics and commercial interests are fundamental to their daʾwa. Second, the daʾwa accounts frame controversial and political issues through specific visual ethics that engender a sense of intimacy with their followers.
After Community: Upscaling and the Flux of Online Civic Engagement in Indonesia
Authors: Seto Ario
Published: May 2020

Drawing on the experience of three Indonesian online communities, this paper argues that civic engagement organized by online communities is not simply an outcome of compassion or social solidarity but also a mitigating circumstance of community building. The durability of organizing civic engagement, therefore, relies on the transformation of online communities and members’ capacity for community management—that is, how the community could upscale its form and activities. Failing in upscaling the community can lead to community abandonment. Community upscaling relies on the success of institutionalizing civic engagement activities, community adaptation to new chat platforms, conserving interpersonal communication within the same online location, and generating new community trajectories.
From Temples to Teahouses
Authors: Fisher Gareth
Published: May 2020

This article presents an overview of the nature of lay Buddhist revival in post-Mao China. After defining the category of lay practitioner, it outlines key events in the revival of lay Buddhism following the end of the Cultural Revolution. Following this, it describes three main aspects of the revival: the grassroots-organized formation of communities of lay Buddhists that gather at temples either to share and discuss the moral teachings of Buddhist-themed media or to engage in devotional activities; devotional and pedagogical activities organized for lay practitioners by monastic and lay leaders at temples and lay practitioners’ groves; and, more recently, the emergence of private spaces for specific practices such as meditation, the appreciation of Buddhist art and culture, and the discussion of teachings from specific Buddhist masters. The article concludes that while government-authorized temples continue to be active spaces for lay practitioners interested in Dharma instruction from monastics, regular devotional activities, and opportunities to earn merit and gain self-fulfillment through volunteerism, greater state restrictions on spontaneous lay-organized practices in temple space are increasingly leading lay practitioners to organize activities in private or semi-private spaces. The introduction of social media has facilitated the growth of Buddhist-related practices for laypersons in nontemple spaces.
Homonegativity and the Black Church: Is Congregational Variation the Missing Link?
Authors: Lefevor G. Tyler , Paiz Jacqueline Y. , Stone William-Michael , Huynh Kiet D. , Virk Hibah E. , Sorrell Sydney A. , Gage Sierra E.
Published: May 2020

The Black church in the United States has historically functioned as a bastion for civil rights; however, it may also be a source of pain and suffering for sexual minorities. To examine the influence of individual and congregational variables on attitudes toward same-sex sexuality in the Black church, we collected a sample of 219 participants from 15 randomly selected congregations. Results of three hierarchical linear models indicated that congregation- and individual-level variables emerged as equally important predictors of individuals’ attitudes toward same-sex sexuality. Individual-level religiousness and congregation-level education emerged as significant predictors of homonegativity. Our results suggest that congregations may play a role in enacting homonegative attitudes. We encourage counseling psychologists working with religious Black sexual minority clients to help clients consider characteristics of congregations (e.g., education) and individual religious practices (e.g., overzealous service attendance) that may signal homonegativity. We encourage further work examining the influence of congregational factors on congregants’ attitudes.
Healthcare practitioner relationships, cultural health capital and breastfeeding support for adolescent mothers
Authors: Jamie Kimberly , O’Neill Roisin , Bows Hannah , Hackshaw-McGeagh Lucy
Published: May 2020

Objectives:

Breastfeeding is the optimal method of infant nutrition. Despite this, rates of breastfeeding in high-income countries are low and mirror wider health inequalities with women from under-served populations being least likely to breastfeed. In the UK, adolescent mothers from areas of high socio-economic deprivation are among the least likely groups to initiate and continue breastfeeding. This study aimed to examine young women’s experiences of breastfeeding, with a particular focus on information provision and relationships with healthcare practitioners.

Methods, design and setting:

Data were collected through qualitative focus groups and interviews with 27 adolescent mothers from areas of socio-economic deprivation in Belfast (Northern Ireland), Bristol (South West England) and Middlesbrough (North East England). Questions focused on the support young mothers receive for breastfeeding with a particular focus on the importance of healthcare practitioners in breastfeeding practices.

Results:

Although young mothers were well-informed about the benefits of breastfeeding, they lacked basic information which led to early cessation. Moreover, mismatched cultural health capital between healthcare practitioners and adolescent mothers led to perceived strained relationships wherein young mothers felt undermined and not listened to. We suggest that this arises from an intersection of age-related lack of confidence and low cultural health capital arising from differences in socio-economic status.

Conclusions:

Recommendations are offered for a more holistic approach to young mothers’ maternal health and the use of peer supporters.
Why policing the risk society became a footnote in American police studies: A missed opportunity to move police theorizing forward
Authors: Shon Phillip C , O’Connor Christopher D
Published: May 2020

Written in 1997, Ericson and Haggerty’s book Policing the Risk Society (PRS) should have had profound effects on police theorizing and research in the United States. In this article, we attempt to explain why this book failed to gain traction within the American policing literature. We argue that PRS was ignored for three reasons: (1) incommensurable theoretical frameworks, (2) timing and aim of the book’s publication, and (3) the intrusiveness of deductive surveillance technologies in the policing of identities. We conclude by discussing how Ericson and Haggerty’s theorizing should be revisited in the light of recent developments in policing.
Connecting Contextual and Individual Drivers of Anti-Americanism in Arab Countries
Authors: Glas Saskia , Spierings Niels
Published: May 2020

Existing studies propose that anti-Americanism in the Arab region is fueled by American interventions, citizens’ religion, and relative deprivation. However, these three have not been addressed simultaneously or integrated into one framework. This study does so by developing and testing a context-dependent framework. Empirically, we apply multilevel regression to 32 Global Attitudes Project and 34 Arab Barometer surveys that cover more than 58,000 respondents. Contrasting dominant understandings, we find that American interventions fuel both political and societal anti-Americanism and that relatively deprived citizens are not more anti-American. Moreover, our results show (highly religious) Muslims are more politically and societally anti-American than (less religious) non-Muslims, particularly in Arab countries with fewer (highly religious) Muslims and American interventions. Altogether, anti-Americanism is context-dependent and shaped by different but interconnected mechanisms.
The ontology of resistance: Power, tactics and making do in the Vila Rubim market
Authors: Carrieri Alexandre de Pádua , Papadopoulos Dimitris , Quaresma Júnior Edson Antunes , Silva Alfredo Rodrigues Leite da
Published: May 2020

We re-examine the relation between power and resistance by investigating the reconstruction of the Vila Rubim market, one of the established markets in the city of Vitória in Brazil. Following a fire that destroyed large parts of the market – probably the most significant event in its history – the market had to be fully rebuilt and the broader local area had to be redeveloped. Empirical materials were collected through ethnographic fieldwork, interviews and visual and archival research. The destruction and reconstruction of the Vila Rubim market unleashed a fierce struggle between the city council and the market’s traders. We argue that the traders’ resistance to urban management was most significant in shaping the outcome of this conflict by initiating a multiplicity of space-making practices. We reframe resistance as ontological, that is as the practice of creating a material position, of making a world that allows an alternative form of life to emerge beyond given power relations. Rather than in acts of protest, the stallholders of the Vila Rubim market engaged in mundane tactics which created alternative ontologies of existence in urban space.
The Medical Tourism Index and Behavioral Responses of Medical Travelers: A Mixed-Method Study
Authors: Olya Hossein , Nia Torkan Hashemi
Published: May 2020

This empirical study applies complexity theory to understand complex interactions of demographics and medical tourism index (MTI) dimensions in predicting causal models leading to high and low levels of satisfaction and behavioral intentions among medical travelers. A questionnaire-based survey is applied to investigate causal models (i.e., a combination of predictors) to predict satisfaction and the behavioral intentions of international patients who traveled to Cyprus. This study also conducted an in-depth interview to identify motives, complications, and conditions stimulating the behaviors of medical travelers. According to the necessary condition analysis (NCA) results, three dimensions of MTI, excluding cost, are necessary to achieve satisfaction and desired behavioral intention. Findings from interviews reveal that medical complications and legal conditions in the origin country influence medical traveler’s behaviors. The model testing results support key tenets of complexity theory and extend our knowledge of how to regulate conditions to discharge a dis/satisfied and dis/loyal patient.
The Development of Materialism in Emerging Adulthood: Stability, Change, and Antecedents
Authors: Jiang Wen , Liu Hongyun , Jiang Jiang
Published: May 2020

The present study investigated stability and change in materialism in emerging adulthood as well as the predictive roles of socioeconomic status (SES) and gender on the development of materialistic values. Indicator-specific latent state-trait growth models were applied to four-wave longitudinal data from a sample of 738 Chinese college students. The results showed that materialism was stable: 67% to 86% of the variance in the reliable interindividual differences in materialism was due to trait factors. In addition, materialism showed an increasing trajectory over the college years, and this developmental trend could not be attributed to measurement artifacts or confounding influences. Moreover, low family SES magnified the increase in materialism, whereas being female predicted lower initial levels of materialism. Collectively, these findings illustrate the nature and antecedents of the development of materialism in emerging adulthood.
Influences of Psychological Well-being, Job Support, and Paternal Involvement on Working Mothers’ Involvement and Authoritative Parenting in Hong Kong
Authors: Ng Bonnie Hoi Lam , Lau Eva Yi Hung
Published: May 2020

This study explored the influences of maternal psychological well-being, maternal job support, and paternal involvement on the involvement and authoritative parenting of Hong Kong working mothers. A total of 193 mothers and their spouses completed a questionnaire to assess their involvement. Mothers also completed questionnaires to assess their psychological well-being, perceived job support, and authoritative parenting. Findings from regression analyses showed that maternal psychological well-being, maternal job support, and paternal involvement predicted how involved or authoritative mothers would be in their parenting. The findings reveal that caring relationships, support in the workplace, and paternal involvement are important in encouraging the involvement and authoritative parenting of working mothers.
Health Service Use among Individuals with Depression and Psychological Distress: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Ontario, Canada: Utilisation des services de santé par les personnes souffrant de dépression et de détresse psychologique : une étude de cohorte dans la population de l’Ontario, Canada
Authors: Chiu Maria , Saxena Farah E. , Kurdyak Paul , Wilton Andrew S. , Vigod Simone N.
Published: May 2020

Objectives:

Relatively little is known about how health-care utilization differs among individuals with psychological distress compared to those with major depressive disorder (MDD).

Methods:

Ontario participants of the Canadian Community Health Survey Cycle 1.2 (2002) were linked to health administrative data to follow their health-care utilization patterns for up to 15 years. Based on their survey responses, we classified individuals hierarchically into Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, criteria MDD, psychological distress (Kessler-6: 8 to 24), or an unexposed group with neither condition. We compared the rates of outpatient and acute care mental and nonmental health-related visits across the 3 groups over time using Poisson regression.

Results:

Among the 430 individuals with MDD, 668 with psychological distress, and 9,089 in the unexposed group, individuals with MDD and psychological distress had higher rates of health-care utilization than the unexposed overall and across time. The rates of psychiatrist visits for the MDD group were significantly higher than the other groups initially but declined over the follow-up. Conversely, the rates of psychiatrist visits among the psychological distress group increased over time and converged with that of the MDD group by the end of follow-up (rate ratioMDD vs. psychological distress at 1 year: 4.20 [1.97 to 11.40]; at 15 years: 1.53 [0.54 to 4.08]). Acute care visits were similar between the MDD and psychological distress groups at all time points.

Conclusions:

Individuals with psychological distress required mental health care rivalling that of individuals with MDD over time, suggesting that even a cross-sectional assessment of significant psychological distress is a serious clinical concern.
How mediator leadership transitions influence mediation effectiveness
Authors: Mehrl Marius , Böhmelt Tobias
Published: May 2020

Little is known about how transitions in the government of mediators affect conflict dynamics and resolution. To address this shortcoming, we study executive turnovers of mediators during ongoing interventions in civil war. Mediation effectiveness is largely driven by (trustworthy) information provision and sharing. Changes in mediators’ leaderships have the potential to undermine this, lowering mediation performance. Using data on civil conflicts in 1946–2017, we find robust support for this argument. This research sheds light on a previously neglected factor in conflict resolution that is of particular interest to practitioners and policymakers.