bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal evolution trend and decoupling type identification of transport carbon emissions from economic development in China
Authors: Cui Qian , Zhou Zhi Xiang , Guan Dongjie , Zhou Lilei , Huang Ke , Xue Yuqian
Published: June 2023

Carbon emissions are a major concern in China, and transportation is an important part of it. In this paper, data on China's 30 provinces' transport carbon emissions from 2005 to 2020 were selected to construct a spatial autocorrelation model and identified the decoupling type, which revealed the relationship between transport carbon emissions and economic development. This study suggests a regulation strategy for provincial transport carbon emissions in China based on the contribution rates of transport carbon emission variables. According to the findings, transport carbon emissions of China indicated a slow rise from 2005 to 2020, the annual growth rate has fluctuated downward, and the use of petroleum products has been the most major source. The geographical correlation of transport carbon emissions has gradually improved, and the transport carbon emission intensity has become more significant. Differences of the transport carbon emission intensity slightly increased, that were significantly regionally correlated. There were seven forms of decoupling between yearly provincial transport carbon emissions and economic development, with weak decoupling accounting for the largest proportion, 42.89%. Decoupling was achieved in 90% of the provinces in 3 five-year periods from 2006-2020. As a consequence of factor decomposition, the energy intensity, transport intensity, and economic structure played an overall inhibitory role, while the carbon emission intensity, economic scale and population played promoting roles. Economic scale was the most important spatial influencing factor.
Effect of particle size on the biomethanation kinetics of mechanically pretreated Sargassum spp biomass
Authors: Paletta Rosy , Girimonte Rossella , Castro Yessica A. , de Frias J. Atilio , Calabrò Vincenza
Published: June 2023

Purpose
The collection and use of Sargassum spp. as feedstock for the production of valuable products such as biomethane by anaerobic digestion (AD) would mitigate the negative impact of the blooms and the costs related to waste management in the Dominical Republic.
Methods
In this work, the effect of the particle size of pelagic Sargassum spp. biomass, as a result of mechanical pretreatments, on the biomethanation was determined. The Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) of the samples was determined using an Automatic Potential System Test II (AMPTS® II). The kinetic parameters of the reaction were scientifically evaluated by using First order kinetic Model and modified Gompertz Model.
Results
We observed that BMP increased by 78.85% when particles were reduced from 50000 µm to 505 µm and by 73.61% when particles were reduced from 50000 µm to 107 µm.
Conclusion
A low methane yield from biomass S.3 compared to S.2 could be related to the excessive reduction of particle size. The fine particles are subject to the formation of aggregates and consequently, the contact area between the algae cells and the microorganisms that operate the anaerobic digestion process decreases.
Energy absorption of 2D auxetic structures fabricated by fused deposition modeling
Authors: Tunay Merve , Cetin Erhan
Published: June 2023

Auxetic structures exhibiting unusual mechanical properties from conventional materials are used in many industries and applications due to their high strength, energy absorption performance, high deformation resistance, impact resistance and flexibility. In order to further improve their mechanical properties, it is very important to investigate the deformation behavior and energy absorption characteristics of auxetic structures with different design parameters. In this context, the energy absorption performance of re-entrant auxetic structures with different design parameters i.e., strut orientation, strut angle, and strut thickness was investigated under axial loading in this study. The auxetic structures were produced by the fused deposition modeling method and the energy absorption performances of the structures were evaluated using various crashworthiness indicators such as energy absorption (EA), specific energy absorption (SEA), mean crash force (MCF), peak crash force (PCF) and crash force efficiency (CFE). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was also implemented to determine the influence of design parameters on MCF, SEA and CFE. The results showed that the strut thickness is the highest influencing parameter on the values for all chosen energy absorption criteria. In particular, the contribution ratios of strut thickness, strut angle and strut orientation on the values of SEA are74.99%, 11.45% and 3.25%, respectively. These values are 63.74%, 7.22% and 0.92% for CFE values, respectively.
Investigation of the mechanical response of laminated composites reinforced with different type wire mesh
Authors: Alev Kubranur Isgor , KAMAN Mete Onur , ALBAYRAK Mustafa , Yanen Cenk
Published: June 2023

In this study, the mechanical behavior of laminated glass fiber composite plates reinforced with wire meshes under in-plane and out-of-plane loads was investigated. For this purpose, composite plates were produced by vacuum infusion method by placing aluminum and glass fiber wire layers with different mesh numbers between woven glass fiber fabrics. Afterward, impact and tensile tests were applied to the obtained specimens, respectively. The effect of the added reinforcement wires meshes on the impact resistance and tensile strength of the composites was determined. According to the data obtained; When glass wire with the same mesh number is used, 19.2% more reaction force was obtained than aluminum wire. The results of the double cantilever beam (DCB) and end notched flexure (ENF) test results confirmed that glass wire meshes had a better adhesion surface compared to aluminum. In addition, critical energy release rates were obtained with the help of the ANSYS finite element program and the data were compared with the experimental results. In the case of increasing the mesh number, it was observed that the reaction force of the glass wire mesh reinforced composite decreased by 17.54% under the impact. It was determined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) images that this decrease in the reaction force occurred due to the matrix material contacting the interlayer adhesion surfaces to a lesser extent. One layer of wire mesh reinforcement had no significant effect on the tensile strength of the glass fiber composite.
Biomechanical effect of neurologic dance training (NDT) for breast cancer survivors with chemotherapy-induced neuropathy: study protocol for a randomized controlled trail and preliminary baseline data
Authors: Lantis Kristen D , Schnell Patrick , Bland Courtney R. , Wilder Jacqueline , Hock Karen , Glover Nelson A. , Hackney Madeleine E. , Lustberg Maryam B. , Worthen-Chaudhari Lise
Published: June 2023

Background
Breast cancer (BC) is among the most common forms of cancer experienced by women. Up to 80% of BC survivors treated with chemotherapy experience chemotherapy-induced neuropathy (CIN), which degrades motor control, sensory function, and quality of life. CIN symptoms include numbness, tingling, and/or burning sensations in the extremities; deficits in neuromotor control; and increased fall risk. Physical activity (PA) and music-based medicine (MBM) are promising avenues to address sensorimotor symptoms. Therefore, we propose that we can combine the effects of music- and PA-based medicine through Neurologic Dance Training (NDT) through partnered Adapted Tango (NDT-Tango). We will assess the intervention effect of NDT-Tango v. home exercise (HEX) intervention on biomechanically-measured variables. We hypothesize that 8 weeks of NDT-Tango practice will improve the dynamics of posture and gait more than 8 weeks of HEX.
Methods
In a single-center, prospective, two-arm randomized controlled clinical trial, participants are randomly assigned (1:1 ratio) to the NDT-Tango experimental or the HEX active control intervention group. Primary endpoints are change from baseline to after intervention in posture and gait. Outcomes are collected at baseline, midpoint, post, 1mo follow up, and 6mo follow up. Secondary and tertiary outcomes include clinical and biomechanical tests of function and questionnaires used to compliment primary outcome measures. Linear mixed models will be used to model changes in postural, biomechanical, and PROs. The primary estimand will be the contrast representing the difference in mean change in outcome measure from baseline to week 8 between treatment groups.
Discussion
The scientific premise of this study is that NDT-Tango stands to achieve more gains than PA practice alone through combining PA with MBM and social engagement. Our findings may lead to a safe non-pharmacologic intervention that improves CIN-related deficits.
Trial Registration
This trial was first posted on 11/09/21 at ClinicalTrials.gov under the identifier NCT05114005.
Formulation and evaluation of novel nutraceuticals rich in protein, vitamins, minerals, natural flavors, and steviol glycosides for improving quality of life
Authors: Almoselhy Rania I.M.
Published: June 2023

For a wide range of people, including malnourished adults with non-communicable diseases (NCDs), micronutrient deficiency, underweight and overweight people, pregnant and lactating women, and adolescents, the current research aimed to present novel nutraceuticals devoted to improving the quality of life (QoL) with evidence-based health benefits, with daily values (DVs) according to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), containing high-quality whey protein concentrate (WPC 70%), skim milk powder (SMP 34%), vitamins (folic acid, B12, C), minerals (iron, zinc), natural flavors (vanilla, cinnamon, coffee, chocolate), and stevia leaves extract (zero-calorie sweetener). The novel nutraceutical formulations were subjected to the physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory evaluation. The results showed significant differences (P<0.05) among formulations with natural flavors added in different amounts in order to provide 10 g of protein (20% DV), elemental iron and zinc, vitamin C, folic acid, and vitamin B12 (25% DV), with elemental calcium (20% DV) emerged from milk derivatives. The serving sizes of the four formulas were different according to the difference in the amount of natural flavor while keeping the same amounts of the other ingredients. Following the chocolate-flavored formulation as the first in order of overall acceptability, were coffee, cinnamon, and vanilla-flavored formulation, according to the sensory evaluation.
Intrapulmonary Lymph Nodes Positive for Metastases, in a Typical Multifocal Neuroendocrine Tumor: a Case Report
Authors: Gaviria Habib Jussef Mantilla , Ruiz Willfredy Castaño
Published: June 2023

Background
Multifocal neuroendocrine tumors of the lung are rare, usually having low nodal involvement in early stages. We bring to the literature a case of a typical multifocal carcinoid associated to tumors with intrapulmonary lymph node (IPLN) involvement.
Case presentation:
59-year-old female asymptomatic patient with multiple nodules in the right lower lobe, PET-CT with hypermetabolic nodule, adequate pulmonary function, for which a right lower lobectomy was performed plus intrapulmonary lymph nodes dissection in the fresh surgical specimen. The lymph nodes of stations 11, 12, 13 and 14 were sent to pathology. The pathology laboratory report showed that stations 10, 11, 12 and 13 were negative, but station 14 was positive. Thus, changing the stage from Ia2 to IIb.
Conclusion
This patient had an upstaging because of IPLN were positive for metastasis. The search for a more accurate oncologic staging through intrapulmonary lymph node may allow a more accurate staging and therefore a better treatment for the patient regardless type histology.
Screening COVID-19 by Swaasa AI Platform using cough sounds: A cross- sectional study
Authors: Pentakota Padmalatha , Rudraraju Gowrisree , Srip Narayana Rao , Mamidgi Baswaraj , Gottipulla Charishma , Jalukuru Charan , Palreddy Shubha Deepti , Bhoge Nikhil kumar Reddy , Firmal Priyanka , Yechuri Venkat , Jain Manmohan , Peddireddi Venkata Sudhakar , Bhimarasetty Devi Madhavi , S Sreenivas , K Kesava Lakshmi Prasad , Joshi Niranjan , Vijayan Shibu , Tugara Sanchit , Avasarala Vardhan
Published: June 2023

The Advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has led to the use of auditory data for detecting various diseases, including COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 infection has claimed more than six million lives to date and therefore, needs a robust screening technique to control the disease spread. In the present study we created and validated the Swaasa AI platform, which uses the signature cough sound and symptoms presented by patients to screen and prioritize COVID-19 patients. We collected cough data from 234 COVID-19 suspects to validate our Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture and Feedforward Artificial Neural Network (FFANN) (tabular features) based algorithm. The final output from both models was combined to predict the likelihood of having the disease. During the clinical validation phase, our model showed a 75.54% accuracy rate in detecting the likely presence of COVID-19, with 95.45% sensitivity and 73.46% specificity. We conducted pilot testing on 183 presumptive COVID subjects, of which 58 were truly COVID-19 positive, resulting in a Positive Predictive Value of 70.73%. Due to the high cost and technical expertise required for currently available rapid screening methods, there is a need for a cost-effective and remote monitoring tool that can serve as a preliminary screening method for potential COVID-19 subjects. Therefore, Swaasa would be highly beneficial in detecting the disease and could have a significant impact in reducing its spread.
Influence of Environmental Parameters on Workers’ Dust Inhalation in Underground Mines
Authors: Huang Rongting , Chen Wanyi , Tao Yichun , Yuan Shilong , Geng Fan , Li Shihang
Published: June 2023

Much dust is generated in coal mining underground work processes, posing threats to workers’ health and safety production. Dust enters the human body mainly through inhalation, which is primarily determined by the dust concentration around workers. In this study, the airflow field and dust distribution in the tunnel are simulated by Fluent software. The breathing zone for a worker was defined to clarify the extent of external dust distribution influencing dust inhalation. The effects of human respiration, dust production rates, air supply velocities, and workers’ positions on dust concentration in the breathing zone were investigated. The results show that there is upward airflow around the worker standing in the center of the air circulation. Human inhalation and exhalation barely influence the airflow distribution and respirable dust concentrations in the breathing zone. Reducing the dust production rate in the tunnel can reduce the respirable dust concentration in the breathing zone by almost the same proportion. While increasing the air supply velocity by 50% would reduce only 20% dust in the breathing zone. The dust concentrations vary along the roadway, in which the low concentration zone is located in the middle, more than 1.0 m away from the dust-producing surface and the wind surface.
Characteristics performance and analysis of positional variation in charge generation layer to enhance performance of OLED.
Authors: Yadav Sugandha , Mittal Poornima , Negi Shubham
Published: June 2023

In this paper, a highly efficient charge generation layer (CGL) based blue organic light emitting diode (OLED) is proposed. The proposed device contains a CGL which comprises of two materials 1,1-bis[(di-4-tolyamino)phenyl)]cyclohexane (TAPC) and 1,4,5,8,9,11-hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN) which act as hole and electron injectors, correspondingly. The CGL in the proposed device is placed outside of the emissive layer which provides better luminescence and current as compared with four other CGL based devices D2, D3, D4 and D5 where CGL is utilized below cathode, above anode, near both electrodes (cathode and anode) and inside the emissive layer, respectively. The proposed device exhibits noteworthy results as peak values of current and luminescence are achieved as 0.44 A and 3636.3 cd/m2, correspondingly. The obtained luminescence is about 16.8, 2.3, 1.7, 3, 1.6 times improved on comparing with D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5. Furthermore, thickness optimization of the proposed device is also outlined. The optimized device showed the maximum luminescence of 4670 cd/m2.
Melittin as a safe compound to BALB/c mice immune system; A tiered approach immunotoxicity screening
Authors: Karimi Gholamreza , Fatemi Sina , Memar Bahram , Khorrami Mohammad-Bagher , Amali Arian , Sadeghi Mahmood , Esmaeili Seyed-Alireza , Riahi-Zanjani Bamdad
Published: June 2023

Background: Maintenance of a well-functioning immune system is a vital requirement to protect human body against pathogens/cancers. Natural compounds have long been used because of their benefits for the immune system. One of which is bee venom that contains a peptide called melittin having antimicrobial and anticancer effects. Since a limited number of studies regarding the effects of melittin on the immune system have been carried out, we aimed to evaluate the effects of melittin on BALB/c mice immune system parameters.
Methods: Female BALB /c mice were treated intraperitoneally (i.p) with 0.75 and 1.5 mg/kg doses of melittin for 14 days (5 doses per week). The negative control group received i.p normal saline whereas the positive control group received i.p 20 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (CYP). Immunological parameters such as hematological parameters, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), hemagglutination titer (HA), spleen cellularity, splenocytes proliferation, as well as spleen and bone marrow histopathological assessment were evaluated.
Results: Our findings showed that melittin has no gross pathological effect on the spleen and bone marrow. It was also demonstrated that melittin has no any significant effect on hematological parameters. Melittin did not cause any significant changes to proliferation response of splenocytes to PHA and LPS, spleen cellularity, DTH response, as well as the production of anti-SRBC antibodies. The results showed that melittin at 0.75 and 1.5 mg/kg doses could not induce significant changes on immune parameters. Based on our results, melittin was found to be safe for the mice immune system.
Effect of heat therapy compared with strength training on metabolic profile, heat shock response, inflammation, cardiovascular responses and microbiota in individuals with type 2 diabetes: Study protocol of a randomized trial
Authors: Bock Patrícia Martins , Kowalewski Lucas Stahlhöfer , Ayres Layane Ramos , Russo Mariana Kras Borges , Dornelles Laura Ilha , Leites Gabriela Tomedi , Martins Andreza Francisco , Oliveira Álvaro Reischak , Krause Mauricio
Published: June 2023

Background: Heat shock response (HSR) is blocked in diabetes, but can be partially restored by resistance training. Some people have difficulties in performing physical exercise, therefore, an alternative therapy is heat therapy (HT). Interventions capable of modulating HSR, such as physical exercise and heat therapy, are candidates as therapeutic strategies combined in the prevention and treatment of diabetes. This study aims to evaluate the effect of resistance training (RT) and HT in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on HbA1c levels, metabolic and inflammatory profile, gut microbiota, and HSR.
Methods: A randomized, double-blind, parallel clinical trial will be conducted for 12 weeks. Participants with T2DM will be randomized into intervention groups Control (C), RT or HT. In the control group, participants will not receive any intervention. In the intervention group RT, participants will perform supervised exercise (~60 min) on three non-consecutive days of the week. Participants in the HT group will undertake whole body heat treatment in an environmental chamber initially set at 55.0oC on three non-consecutive days of the week (60 min). Blood samples will be collected before and after 12 weeks of treatment, to evaluate heat shock response, body composition and physical fitness, glycemic control, lipid profile, gut microbiota composition and diversity, inflammatory markers and flow mediated dilation.
Discussion: Since HSR response is decreased in individuals with diabetes, we believe that improving HSR may be important to prevent chronic complications associated with T2DM. This randomized clinical trial will determine the efficacy of HT compared to RT for improving HR when added to conventional therapy in individuals with T2DM. The multiple HT and RT effects might contribute to lower mortality risk in these individuals. Our study is the first to evaluate the efficacy of HT and RT, for 12 weeks, in glucose, lipid and inflammatory profile, microbiota, and HR in individuals with T2DM. Moreover, we will maintain the experimental protocol for 12 weeks, which is the time necessary to obtain changes in the main parameter of diabetes control, HbA1c.
Trial registration: NCT05847075. Registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, 05/06/23.
Biological detoxification and metabolism of inhibitors in corncob acid hydrolysate using Aspergillus niger
Authors: Yin Jinbao , Wang Chen , Li Yilian , Lv Bo , Lv Haosheng , Xue Yuyuan , Zhang Jianan , Wu Jing
Published: June 2023

Background
The complex structure of lignocellulosic raw materials requires pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis to convert them into monosaccharides for further microbial utilization. During pretreatment, the main inhibitory compounds produced are acetic acid, furfural, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), which are significant factors limiting the microbial growth and fermentation of lignocellulosic materials. Biological detoxification is an efficient, gentle, and environmentally friendly method for removing fermentation inhibitors in lignocellulose hydrolysate.
Results
Aspergillus niger (A. niger) M13 efficiently metabolizes acetic acid, furfural, and HMF at concentrations of at least 7.50, 1.81, and 1.02 g/L, respectively. Among these inhibitors, furfural exerts the strongest inhibitory effect on cell growth. Both M13 spores and mycelial balls can completely remove the major inhibitors in the hydrolysate, with spores exhibiting a higher removal efficiency than mycelial balls. The detoxification rates of acetic acid, furfural, and HMF by M13 spores were 0.1566, 0.1125, and 0.015 g/L/h, respectively. This strain prefered to consume furfural first, followed by HMF, and then simultaneously consumes acetic acid and glucose. Finally, M13 spores can produce a small amount of citric acid (about 6 g/L) directly from the non-detoxified hydrolysate.
Conclusions
Using A. niger M13 spores for detoxification is a highly feasible option. These spores can completely remove the main inhibitory substance from the hydrolysate within 1–2 days while retaining the carbon source for subsequent fermentation production. Biodetoxification by A. niger M13 provided a fast and efficient biodetoxification method for removing inhibitors generated during intensive lignocellulose pretreatment, and its advantages made it possible for potential industrial application.
Prevalence of Dermatoses in Geriatric Singaporeans in the Community - A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Juay Lester , Bhupendrabhai Monil Nagad , Ahmad Siti Hafizah , Wong Hung Chew , Chong Justin Wee-Min , Tan Wee Hian , Chandran Nisha Suyien
Published: June 2023

Background: Little is known about the prevalence of dermatoses in “skin-well” geriatric Singaporeans. We aim to identify the prevalence of dermatoses and their associations within the geriatric population in Singapore, and to understand the distribution of dermatological encounters presenting to primary care physicians, and the resultant referral behaviour.
Methods: A joint quantitative-qualitative study was performed across 8 months. Patients aged 65 years and above who visited a local polyclinic for management of non-dermatological chronic diseases were recruited. They were administered questionnaires, and underwent full skin examinations. Online surveys were disseminated to polyclinic physicians under the same healthcare cluster.
Results: 201 patients and 53 physicians were recruited. The most common dermatoses identified in patients were benign tumours and cysts (97.5%), and asteatosis (81.6%). For every 1-year increase in age, the odds of having asteatosis increased by 13.5% (95% CI 3.4% to 24.7%, p=0.008), and urticarial disorders by 14.6% (95% CI 0.3% to 30.9%, p=0.045). Patients who used any form of topical preparations on a daily basis had higher odds of having eczema and inflammatory dermatoses (OR 2.51, 95% CI 1.38 to 4.56, p=0.003). Physicians reported dermatological conditions involving 20% of all clinical encounters. Eczema represented the most commonly reported dermatosis within the first visit. 50% of dermatology referrals were done solely at the patient's own request.
Conclusion: The prevalence of dermatoses in the elderly in Singapore is high, especially asteatosis. Prompt recognition by the primary healthcare provider potentially prevents future morbidity. Outreach education for both primary care physicians and the general public will be key.
Influenza Neuraminidase Virus Like Particles (NA-VLP) displaying small peptide antigen: a new carrier for an Angiotensin II (AngII) peptide hypertension vaccine
Authors: Khanefard Najmeh , Trianti Irisa , Akeprathumchai Saengchai , Mekvichitsaeng Phenjun , Poomputsa Kanokwan
Published: June 2023

Background
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are composed of multiple protein subunits with structures that resemble natural virus particles and have been known for their efficiency in inducing immune responses. VLPs functions could also be extended to display or deliver small molecules such as drugs or antigens. A new and simple VLP, NA-VLP, was developed for displaying Angiotensin II (AngII) octapeptide hormones that raise blood pressure, as a potential antigen for the hypertension vaccine.
Methods and Results
NA-VLPs, which were solely made of an influenza A (H5N1) structural protein, neuraminidase (NA), had been constructed and further modified to have AngII peptides incorporated into the NA structure, immediately above the stalk, at the bottom of its head. Stably transformed insect cells were genetically engineered to produce these NA-AngII VLPs. High numbers of repetitive AngII peptides were displayed on the NA-VLP’s surface, and they were able to raise anti-AngII antibodies after one injection into hypertensive rats and decreases in the systolic blood pressure of the rats were observed.
Conclusions
The NA-VLPs could effectively display AngII peptides and stimulate the hypertensive rat immune system to produce antibodies, which could neutralize the AngII peptides and lower its systolic blood pressure. The NA-AngII VLPs could be developed into a new hypertension vaccine. The NA-VLPs are therefore promising carriers for peptide antigens.
Significance of CD103+ tissue-resident memory T cells for predicting the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors in esophageal cancer
Authors: Natsuki Seiji , Tanaka Hiroaki , Nishiyama Masaki , Deguchi Sota , Miki Yuichiro , Yoshii Mami , Tamura Tatsuro , Toyokawa Takahiro , Lee Shigeru , Maeda Kiyoshi
Published: June 2023

Background
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including nivolumab, have been approved to treat esophageal cancer. However, these remedies are not fit for all patients with esophageal cancer; therefore, a predictive surrogate marker is needed to assess their effectiveness. CD103+CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, defined as tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM), are promising indicators of response to ICIs, but it remains to be elucidated. This study investigated the association between the efficacy of ICIs and TRM.
Methods
The relationships between TRM infiltrating esophageal cancer, clinicopathological features, and prognosis after nivolumab initiation were examined using immunostaining. Tissue samples were obtained from surgically resected specimens of 41 patients with esophageal cancer who received nivolumab as a secondary or subsequent therapy. In addition, TRM infiltration was compared with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and blood count parameters as predictors of nivolumab effectiveness.
Results
TRM-rich patients had a significant survival benefit after nivolumab initiation and experienced immune-related adverse events more frequently than TRM-poor patients. TRM infiltration was weakly correlated with PD-L1 positivity, but TRM may indicate more sensitive response to ICIs than PD-L1 expression in this study. Some blood test parameters also weakly correlated with TRM but did not impact prognosis.
Conclusions
TRM-rich patients have a favorable prognosis after nivolumab initiation. Our results suggest that TRM are vital for antitumor immunity and are a promising predictor of ICIs effectiveness.
Assessing land-surface feedback flux and its drivers during tropical cyclones using Weather Research and Forecasting Model
Authors: Mandal Subhadeep , SAHOO BHABAGRAHI , Mishra Ashok
Published: June 2023

Accurate estimation of regional evapotranspiration (ET) is essential for managing water resources of a river basin, which is a challenging task during cyclonic storm events under data-scarce scenarios. For assessing the actual ET using the Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) model, the best working Land Surface Models (LSMs) along with Numerical Weather Prediction modelling was used for a typical tropical Phailin Cyclone event. The suitability of different WRF parameterization scheme combinations (PSCs) were evaluated in the Brahmani River basin in eastern India to reproduce the observed gridded weather variables of 2-m surface air temperature, precipitation and atmospheric pressure at hourly and daily temporal resolutions during the pre-, at-, and post-cyclone events. The results indicate that the ‘Rapid Update Cycle’ (RUC) LSM with ‘Purdu Lin’ microphysics and ‘Arakawa convective’ cumulus scheme performs the best. The 2-m surface air temperature was better simulated than the precipitation during the short timeframe of the extreme event, whereas the overall regional pressure simulation shows a constant bias. As a comparative assessment, the WRF-LSM that accounts for the local and global advection effects, simulated ET flux better than the remote-sensing-based MODIS derived MOD16A2 8-daily dataset and the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO)-56 Penmen-Monteith (PM) equation. The local feedback of the Phailin cyclone over the land-surface ET flux and its climatic and land-surface drivers (soil moisture) during the pre-, at-, post-cyclone events reveals that the negative Bowen Ratio estimates during the heavy rainfall resulted in a reduced ET flux, wherein the negative sensible heat flux during this period facilitates for flow of heat from surface to atmosphere, cooling the soil of the river basin. Overall, this study aids in a better understanding of the moisture flux and energy transfer dynamics between the land-atmosphere system during the onset of a cyclone.
Incorporating Praxis in the Community Engagement-Self Monitoring Strategy for Social Innovations in Health – Pilot Implementation in the Philippines
Authors: Tiangco Pauline Marie Padilla , Mier-Alpaño Jana Deborah , Cruz Jose Rene Bagani , Awitan Wilfredo P. , Escauso Joey G. , II Alfredo M. Coro , Amazigo Uche , Halpaap Beatrice , Ongkeko Arturo M. , Pilar-Labarda Meredith Del
Published: June 2023

Background Social Innovation in Health Initiative Philippines introduced the community engagement self-monitoring (CE-SM) strategy in two community-managed social innovations in 2021. The first phase demonstrated the viability of the strategy which involved identification of community “local monitors” (LM), selection of indicators, monitoring, and feedback sessions. In 2022, a second phase was implemented to improve the process by integrating capacity-building activities and to gather insights regarding the sustainability of the strategy.
Methods Two communities in a rural island municipality implementing a social innovation called the “Seal of Health Governance” were chosen for the extended CE-SM pilot. Profiling of local monitors and self-assessment of competencies were facilitated. Capacity-building activities and praxis sessions guided by people-centered principles were conducted in between the actual implementation of the monitoring process. Topics discussed included principles of community engagement and approaches to data processing and analysis. Discussions on how local monitors can make sense of their data and how these can inform decision-making were also conducted.
Results Local monitors from both communities showed determination in performing their responsibilities but differed in levels of participation. Their appreciation of their role increased as it broadened from merely collecting data to understanding and using it to advocate for their community’s needs. The minimum requirements for communities to implement the strategy include financial mechanisms to provide transportation and food allowance and ensure the availability of resources. Profiling of local monitors revealed that a high educational attainment is not a prerequisite but rather, active participation in initiatives is integral. Moreover, having good communication and social skills, and familiarity with the community are deemed to be important qualities local monitors must possess. Lastly, it was also observed that local monitors improved their ability to analyze the realities of their communities particularly in terms of health leadership and governance.
Conclusions CE-SM is a feasible and sustainable strategy for monitoring and evaluating health interventions if adequate support in the form of supplies, allowances, and political support are provided, and complemented by capacity-building and praxis sessions. It promotes listening to the community and empowering them to participate in decision-making which are vital in fostering ownership and sustainability of social innovations in health.
Catalpol inhibits HHcy-induced EndMT in endothelial cells by modulating ROS/NF-κB signaling
Authors: Wu Chengyan , Wang Libo , Wang Xuehui
Published: June 2023

Background:Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis (AS), the molecular mechanisms of its pathogenesis are not fully understood. Endothelial dysfunction is the key initiating link in AS. However, whether endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is involved in the regulation of HHcy-induced endothelial dysfunction and the role of catalpol in it remain unexplored.Methods and Results:In vitroHHcy-treated primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used to construct a model of endothelial dysfunction, and the antioxidants N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and catalpol were administered.In vivoC57BL/6N mice were given a diet fed with 4.4% high methionine chow to construct a HHcy mice model and were treated with catalpol. The results showed that catalpol significantly inhibited HHcy-induced endothelial cell morphological transformation, reduced HHcy-induced increase in intracellular ROS content and α-SMA, N-cadherin, p-p65 protein expression, increased HHcy-induced decrease in VE-cadherin, CD31 protein expression, and was able to protect against endothelial pathological changes in the aortic root and reduce aortic endothelial ROS content.Conclusions:Catalpol inhibits HHcy-induced EndMT, and the underlying mechanism may be related to the ROS/NF-κB signaling pathway. Catalpol may be a potential drug for the treatment of HHcy-related AS.
The influence of phosphorus availability on rice root traits driving iron plaque formation and dissolution, and implications for phosphorus uptake
Authors: Martinengo Sara , Santoro Veronica , Schiavon Michela , Celi Luisella , Martin Maria , Said-Pullicino Daniel
Published: June 2023

Background and aims Iron (Fe) plaque which normally coats rice roots has a strong affinity for phosphorus (P), with a debated effect on plant P uptake. Furthermore, plant responses to P availability shape the rhizospheric environment, possibly affecting the rates of Fe plaque formation and dissolution. The role of Fe plaque to serve as a sink or source of available P may depend on root traits, themselves influenced by P availability. However, the underlying mechanism regulating these interactions remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of P availability on root traits, Fe plaque dynamics and their implications for P uptake and rice plant growth.Methods Plants were hydroponically grown for 60 days under P-sufficiency or P-deficiency, with or without Fe plaque. Root traits, rhizosphere acidification, and the rates of Fe plaque formation and dissolution were investigated and linked to differences in rice P content and growth.Results P-deficient conditions stimulated root development and promoted Fe plaque formation on the root surface compared to P-sufficient conditions. However, P limited plants exhibited a faster Fe plaque dissolution, along with increased net proton exudation. After 60 d, P-deficient plants showed higher P uptake in the presence of Fe plaque, whereas the opposite was observed in P-sufficient plants, where Fe plaque limited plant P uptake.Conclusions The role of Fe plaque in regulating P uptake highly depends on the dynamic nature of this Fe pool that is strictly linked to P availability and regulated by plant responses to P deficiency.
Oxytocinergic Projection from the Hypothalamus to Supramammillary Nucleus Drives Recognition Memory in Mice
Authors: Takahashi Junpei , Yamada Daisuke , Nagano Wakana , Sano Yoshitake , Furuichi Teiichi , Saitoh Akiyoshi
Published: June 2023

Oxytocin (OXT) neurons project to various brain regions and its receptor expression is widely distributed. Although it has been reported that OXT administration affects cognitive function, it’s unclear how endogenous OXT plays roles in cognitive function. The present study examined the role of endogenous OXT in mice cognitive function. OXT neurons were specifically activated by OXT neuron-specific excitatory Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drug (DREADD) expression system and following administration of clozapine-N-oxide (CNO). Object recognition memory (ORM) was assessed with the novel object recognition task (NORT). Moreover, we observed the expression of c-Fos by immunohistochemical staining to confirm the neuronal activity. In NORT, the novel object exploration time percentage significantly increased in CNO-treated mice. CNO-treated mice showed a significant increase in the number of c-Fos-positive cells in the supramammillary nucleus (SuM). In addition, we found that the OXT-positive fibers from PVN were identified in the SuM. Furthermore, mice injected locally with CNO into the SuM to activate OXTergic axons projecting from the PVN to the SuM significantly increased the percentage time of novel object exploration. Taken together, we proposed that ORM in mice could be modulated by OXT neurons in PVN projecting to SuM.
Treatment of distal radius fractures with steel plate fixation through the bone channel of the inferior pronator quadratus
Authors: xiaowei Wang , Buyun Li , Yongjie Guo , Zhanghui Wan , Yun Liu , Fei Sheng , Jun Liu , Jian Xu
Published: June 2023

Objective: The study aimed to investigate the effect of internal fixation with steel plate through the inferior pronator quadratus bone channel on wrist function in patients with unstable distal radius fractures.
Methods: 52 patients were divided into two groups: the observation group (modified Henry approach with inferior pronator quadratus bone channel with steel plate fixation, n=26) and the control group (modified Henry approach with pronator quadratus open-suturing and steel plate fixation,n=26). Various parameters of the two groups such as operation time, postoperative creatine kinase（CK）,myoglobin (Mb), fracture healing time, reduction efficacy and wrist range of motion were analyzed. Gartland Werley functional score and DASH score were compared between the two groups after 1 year of follow-up.
Results: There was no significant difference in the operation time, fracture healing time and reduction efficacy between the two groups. The amount of postoperative creatine kinase（CK）and myoglobin (Mb) were lower in the observation group than those of the control group(P<0.05). The wrist joint range of motion was higher in the observation group 1 year after the operation than those of the control group (P<0.05). Lower Wrist Pain VAS Score was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The Gartland Werley score in the observation group was lower than that in the control group at the same time(P<0.05).
Conclusion: The study concludes that the modified Henry approach with inferior pronator quadratus bone channel with steel plate fixation effectively promoted the healing of unstable distal radius fractures and the recovery of wrist joint function. It is safe and reliable without any complications.
Perspectives of women and partners from migrant and refugee backgrounds accessing the Cross Cultural Worker Service in maternity and early childhood services - a survey study
Authors: Rogers Helen J , Homer Caroline SE , Henry Amanda
Published: June 2023

Background
Migrant and refugee backgrounds women living in high-income countries have increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes and report lower satisfaction with care. In Sydney, Australia, a new service known as the Cross Cultural Workers (CCWs) in Maternity and Child and Family Health Service (the CCW Service) was implemented to support such women and families from pregnancy to the early parenting period. This study aimed to ascertain the experiences of women and their partners engaging with the CCW Service.
Methods
A survey study was undertaken. Women accessing the CCW Service were recruited during pregnancy and were asked to complete surveys at three time points: in the third trimester of pregnancy, at 6 and 12 months postpartum. Their partners were invited at 6 months postpartum. Survey data were analysed to compare satisfaction, usefulness, number of CCW interactions, cultural sensitivity, and service improvement recommendations across all timepoints.
Results
A total of 231 surveys were received: 113 during pregnancy, 50 at 6-months postpartum, 44 at 12-months postpartum, and 24 partner surveys. Participants in all surveys reported the CCW Service to be useful (84–94%), stating that it increased their understanding of pregnancy, birth and parenting (95–100%), and that they would recommend the CCW Service (92–98%). Participants experienced a high level of satisfaction (88–95%) irrespective of the number of CCW interactions (p = 0.42). Thoughts on becoming a mother or parent were more positive after meeting the CCW than before for both women (p = 0.01) and partners. Suggestions for CCW Service improvement were to were 1) increase the provision of information, specifically financial entitlements, postnatal depression, and support services, 2) increase involvement of partners in care, 3) the CCW workforce.
Conclusion
The CCW Service was associated with positive experiences and high rates of satisfaction at all timepoints. This service has the potential to inform the implementation of similar models of care that improve accessibility, the perinatal experience, and respond to the unique needs of women and families from migrant and refugee backgrounds.
Pan-cancer analysis revealing that PTPN2 is a indicator of risk stratification for acute myeloid leukemia identification of high-risk patients
Authors: wang xuanyu , Wu Sanyun , Sun Le , Jin Peipei , Zhang Jianmin , Liu Wen , Zhan Zhuo , Wang Zisong , Liu Xiaoping , He Li
Published: June 2023

Background The non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases gene family (PTPNs) is involved in the tumorigenesis and development of many cancers, but the role of PTPNs in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains unclear.Methods After a comprehensive evaluation on the expression patterns and immunological effects of PTPNs using a pan-cancer analysis based on RNA sequencing data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the most valuable gene PTPN2 was discovered. Further investigation of the expression patterns of PTPN2 in different tissues and cells showed a robust correlation with AML. PTPN2 was then systematically correlated with immunological signatures in the AML tumor microenvironment (TME) and its differential expression was verified using clinical samples. In addition, a prediction model, being validated and compared with other models, was developed in our research.Results The systematic analysis of PTPN family reveals that the effect of PTPNs on cancer may be correlated to mediating cell cycle-related pathways. It was then found that PTPN2 was highly expressed in hematologic diseases and bone marrow tissues, and its differential expression in AML patients and normal humans was verified by clinical samples. Based on its correlation with immune infiltrates, immunomodulators, and immune checkpoint (ICP), PTPN2 was found to be a reliable biomarker in the immunotherapy cohort and a prognostic predictor of AML. And PTPN2'riskscore (PTPRS) can accurately predict the prognosis and response of cancer immunotherapy.Conclusions These findings revealed the correlation between PTPNs and immunophenotype, which may be related to cell cycle. PTPN2 was differentially expressed between clinical AML patients and normal people. It is a diagnostic biomarker and potentially therapeutic target, providing targeted guidance for clinical treatment.
Precise localization and protective strategies of MMA during cerebral revascularization ----a set of modified craniotomy procedures combined with simple virtual reality technology based on 3D Slicer
Authors: Liu Chuanghong , Xu Hong , Kong Gang
Published: June 2023

The frontal branch of middle meningeal artery (MMA) can easily be damaged during revascularization surgery. To precise locate it and minimize its injury, we propose a set of modified craniotomy procedures combined with simple virtual reality (VR) technology based on three-dimensional (3D) Slicer simply, economically, and efficiently. Patients with Moyamoya disease (MMD) and internal cerebral artery occlusion (ICAO) who received revascularization from January 2015 to December 2022 were divided into two groups based on the methods used to locate the MMA: traditional methods and precise MMA locating with VR technology. Patient demographics and clinical characteristics were analyzed to compare the preservation rates of MMA. The distances between this artery and bony anatomical landmarks were also measured to better understand its localization. There was no significant difference in baseline characteristics between the two groups. The precise MMA locating group exhibited a significantly higher preservation rate of the frontal branch of MMA (p = 0.037, 91.7% vs. 68.2%). Over 77% of patients had their frontal branch of MMA partially or completely surrounded by bony structures to varying degrees. Therefore, the combination of modified craniotomy procedures, 3D Slicer, and simple VR technology represents an economical, efficient, and operationally simple strategy.