bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lógica comunitaria, sustentabilidad y resiliencia en las respuestas a la adversidad de la comunidad indígena de Santa Cruz Tepetotutla, México
Authors: Rosas Baños Mara
Published: July 2020

Las comunidades indígenas históricamente han tenido que sobreponerse a una serie de adversidades que han puesto en riesgo su subsistencia, sus respuestas ante la calamidad han dado evidencia de la existencia de una lógica particular en la gestión de su patrimonio natural que está vinculada a la sustentabilidad. El objetivo de este artículo es comprender cómo la comunidad indígena de Santa Cruz Tepetotutla, Oaxaca, al enfrentar condiciones adversas se ha transformado y adaptado, pero al mismo tiempo, ha resistido posibilitando la construcción de una economía comunitaria de conservación basada en la participación y concientización ambiental. En la fundamentación teórica se construye el concepto de lógica comunitaria, a partir de la lógica campesina y se fortalece el análisis de la capacidad para sobreponerse a la adversidad con el concepto de resiliencia comunitaria. Se plantea que la lógica comunitaria es la base de la capacidad de resiliencia en comunidades indígenas y campesinas. La investigación es cualitativa y consta de entrevistas a actores clave, observación participante y revisión documental.
De la economía campesina a la gestión de una microempresa familiar en Tepotzotlán, Estado de México: Estudio de caso
Authors: Baldazo Molotla Francisco , Marcelino Aranda Mariana , Domínguez Aguirre Luis Roberto , Camacho Alejandro D.
Published: July 2020

En general, la agricultura familiar en Latinoamérica presenta condiciones de precariedad. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar los elementos de gestión empresarial de los recursos humanos, económicos y materiales que requiere una economía campesina ubicada en el municipio de Tepotzotlán en el Estado de México, para proceder a la capacitación necesaria que le permita pasar a una economía en transición y lograr la conformación de una microempresa familiar agropecuaria. Se utilizó el método de estudio de caso, para lo cual se analizó información obtenida mediante entrevistas estructuradas y observación directa. Los resultados muestran una economía campesina de producción agrícola de autoconsumo, limitados recursos y con pocas utilidades. Así como escasos conocimientos para administrar un negocio agrícola, que provoca la falta de suficientes ingresos permanentes para el sustento familiar que limitan una mejora de las condiciones de vida de sus integrantes. Se observa la existencia de subcomunidades o “gremios” conformados por familiares, vecinos y amigos que establecen relaciones muy activas de intercambio de bienes y servicios basadas más en la confianza que en el pago económico y que interactúan poco con otros componentes de la comunidad. Con esta base, se proponen estrategias para una mejor gestión de sus recursos y los temas a considerar para en un futuro llevar a cabo la capacitación-profesionalización interna del negocio familiar rural.
Las organizaciones de regantes del río Yautepec, Morelos: Gestiones y tensiones administrativas
Authors: Gadea Noguerón René , Guzmán Ramírez Nohora B.
Published: July 2020

El proceso de transferencia de los Distritos de Riego, en México, constituyó un cambio muy importante en la gestión del agua, al replantear la relación existente entre el Estado y los usuarios de este recurso. Asimismo, dinamizó los procesos organizativos que derivaron en respuestas autogestivas por parte de los usuarios del agua de riego, como en el caso del río Yautepec. Sin embargo, más de una década después de haber terminado las negociaciones de transferencia, que tuvieron como resultado la desincorporación del Distrito de Riego de dicho río, se vuelve a plantear la necesidad de reincorporarse a este, mediante la organización en una Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada.
Alrededor de esa dinámica, donde hay posturas tanto a favor como en contra, es que se ha formulado el presente trabajo. En primer lugar, ubicaremos y caracterizaremos los sistemas de riego implicados. En segundo lugar, se abrirá la discusión en torno al proceso de transferencia. Para finalizar, se analizarán las posibles rutas y consecuencias de dicho proceso.
The dual-field-of-view polarization lidar technique: A new concept in monitoring aerosol effects in liquid-water clouds – Theoretical framework
Authors: Jimenez Cristofer , Ansmann Albert , Engelmann Ronny , Donovan David , Malinka Aleksey , Schmidt Jörg , Seifert Patric , Wandinger Ulla
Published: July 2020

Abstract. In a series of two articles, a novel, robust, and practicable lidar approach is presented that allows us to derive microphysical properties of liquid-water clouds (cloud extinction coefficient, droplet effective radius, liquid-water content, cloud droplet number concentration) at a height of 50–100 m above cloud base. The temporal resolution of the observations is on the order of 30–120 sec. Together with the aerosol information (aerosol extinction coefficients, cloud condensation nucleus concentration) below the cloud layer, obtained with the same lidar, in-depth aerosol-cloud interaction studies can be performed. The theoretical background and the methodology of the new cloud lidar technique is outlined in this article (part 1), measurement applications are presented in an companion publication (part 2). The novel cloud retrieval technique is based on lidar observations of the volume linear depolarization ratio at two different receiver field-of-views (FOVs). Extensive simulations of lidar returns in the multiple scattering regime were conducted to investigate the capabilities of a dual-FOV polarization lidar to measure cloud properties and to quantify the information content in the measured depolarization features regarding the basic retrieval parameters (cloud extinction coefficient, droplet effective radius). Key simulation results and the developed overall data analysis scheme to obtain the aerosol and cloud products are presented.
The development of rainfall retrievals from radar at Darwin
Authors: Jackson Robert , Collis Scott , Louf Valentin , Protat Alain , Wang Die , Giangrande Scott , Thompson Elizabeth J. , Dolan Brenda , Powell Scott W.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program Tropical Western Pacific site hosted a C-band POLarization (CPOL) radar in Darwin, Australia. It provides two decades of tropical rainfall characteristics useful for validating global circulation models. Rainfall retrievals from radar assume characteristics about the droplet size distribution (DSD) that vary significantly. To minimize the uncertainty associated with DSD variability, new radar rainfall techniques use dual polarization and specific attenuation estimates. This study challenges the applicability of several specific attenuation and dual-polarization based rainfall estimators in tropical settings using a 4-year archive of Darwin disdrometer datasets in conjunction with CPOL observations. This assessment is based on three metrics: statistical uncertainty estimates, principal component analysis (PCA), and comparisons of various retrievals from CPOL data. The PCA shows that over 99 % of the variability in estimated rainfall rate R can be explained by radar reflectivity factor for rainfall rates 1  10 mm hr−1. Rainfall estimates during these conditions primarily originate from deep convective clouds with median drop diameters greater than 1.5 mm. Using specific attenuation for estimating R generally does not provide additional skill beyond other metrics for Darwin. An uncertainty analysis and intercomparison with CPOL show that a CSU-blended technique for tropical oceans, with modified estimators developed from VDIS observations, is most appropriate for use in all cases, such as when 1
Introducing Electronic Circuits and Hydrological Models to Postsecondary Physical Geography and Environmental Science Students: Systems Science, Circuit Theory, Construction and Calibration
Authors: Kinar Nicholas J.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. A classroom activity involving the construction, calibration and testing of electronic circuits was introduced to an advanced hydrology class at the postsecondary level. Two circuits were constructed by students: (1) a water detection circuit; and (2) a hybrid relative humidity (RH)/air temperature sensor and pyranometer. Along with 3D printing of watersheds, the circuits motivated concepts of systems science, models in hydrology, and calibration. Students used the circuits to collect data useful for providing inputs to mathematical models of hydrological processes. Each student was given the opportunity to create a custom hydrological model within the context of the class. This is an example of constructivist teaching where students engage in the creation of meaningful knowledge and the instructor serves as a facilitator to assist students in the achievement of a goal. Analysis of student-provided feedback showed that the circuit activity motivated, engaged and facilitated learning. Students also found the activity to be a novel and enjoyable experience. The theory of circuit operation and calibration is provided along with a complete bill of materials (BOM) and design files for replication of this activity in other postsecondary classrooms. Student suggestions for improvement of the circuit activity are presented along with additional applications.
GTS v1.0: A Macrophysics Scheme for Climate Models Based on a Probability Density Function
Authors: Shiu Chein-Jung , Wang Yi-Chi , Hsu Huang-Hsiung , Chen Wei-Ting , Pan Hua-Lu , Sun Ruiyu , Chen Yi-Hsuan , Chen Cheng-An
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Cloud macrophysics schemes are unique parameterizations for general circulation models. We propose an approach based on a probability density function (PDF) that utilizes cloud condensates and saturation ratios to replace the assumption of critical relative humidity (RH). We test this approach, called the GFS-TaiESM-Sundqvist (GTS) scheme, using the macrophysics scheme within the Community Atmospheric Model version 5.3 (CAM5.3) framework. Via single-column model results, the new approach reveals a stronger linear relationship between the cloud fraction (CF) and RH when compared to that of the default CAM5.3 scheme. We also validate the impact of the GTS scheme on global climate simulations with satellite observations. The simulated CF is comparable to CloudSat/CALIPSO data. Comparisons of the vertical distributions of CF and cloud water content (CWC), as functions of large-scale dynamic and thermodynamic parameters, with the CloudSat/CALIPSO data suggest that the GTS scheme can closely simulate observations. This is particularly noticeable for thermodynamic parameters, such as RH, upper-tropospheric temperature, and total precipitable water, implying that our scheme can simulate variation in CF associated with RH more reliably than the default scheme. Changes in CF and CWC would affect climatic fields and large-scale circulation via cloud–radiation interactions. Both climatological means and annual cycles of many of the GTS-simulated variables are improved compared with the default scheme, particularly with respect to water vapor and RH fields. Different PDF shapes in the GTS scheme also significantly affect global simulations.
Multi-layer coupling between SURFEX-TEB-V9.0 and
Meso-NH-v5.3 for modelling the urban climate of high-rise cities
Authors: Schoetter Robert , Kwok Yu Ting , de Munck Cécile , Lau Kevin Ka Lun , Wong Wai Kin , Masson Valéry
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Urban Canopy Models (UCMs) represent the exchange of momentum, heat, and moisture between cities and the atmosphere. Single-layer UCMs interact with the lowest atmospheric model level and are suited for low- to mid-rise cities whereas multi-layer UCMs interact with multiple levels and can also be employed for high-rise cities. The present study describes the multi-layer coupling between the UCM Town Energy Balance (TEB) included in the land surface model SURFEX and the mesoscale atmospheric model Meso-NH. This is a step towards better high-resolution weather prediction for urban areas in the future and studies quantifying the impact of climate change adaptation measures in high-rise cities. The effect of the buildings on the wind is considered using a drag force and a production term in the prognostic equation for turbulent kinetic energy. The heat and moisture fluxes from the walls and the roofs to the atmosphere are released at the model levels intersecting these urban facets. No variety of building height at grid point scale is considered to remain the consistency between the modification of the Meso-NH equations and the geometric assumptions of TEB. The multi-layer coupling is evaluated for the heterogeneous high-rise high-density city of Hong Kong. It leads to a strong improvement of model results for near-surface air temperature and relative humidity, which is due to better consideration of the process of horizontal advection in the urban canopy layer. For wind speed, model results are improved on average by the multi-layer coupling, but not for all stations. Future developments of the multi-layer SURFEX-TEB will focus on improving the calculation of radiative exchanges, which will allow a variety of building heights at grid point scale to be taken into account.
Landscape scale remediation reduces concentrations of suspended sediment and associated nutrients in alluvial gullies of a Great Barrier Reef catchment: evidence from a novel intensive monitoring approach
Authors: Doriean Nicholas J. C. , Bennett William W. , Spencer John R. , Garzon-Garcia Alexandra , Burton Joanne M. , Teasdale Peter R. , Welsh David T. , Brooks Andrew P.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Gully erosion is a major source (~ 40 %) of fine suspended sediment pollution to the Great Barrier Reef. Mitigating this source of erosion will have a lasting positive impact on the water quality of downstream rivers and the receiving marine environment. Here we conduct a preliminary evaluation of the ability of intensive landscape-scale gully remediation to reduce suspended sediment and associated nutrient export from a catchment draining to the Great Barrier Reef. A novel suspended sediment monitoring network, comprised of a suite of new and established automated monitoring methods capable of operating in remote environments, was used to evaluate the water quality of a remediated gully, a control gully and their respective catchments. Suspended sediment concentrations were ~ 80 % lower at the remediated site compared to the control site, indicating the remediation works were successful in stabilising the erosion within the gully. Dissolved and particulate nutrient concentrations were also significantly lower at the remediated site, consistent with the decreased sediment concentrations. The novel combination of suspended sediment measurements from both the gully channels and overland flows in the surrounding gully catchments suggests that sediment and nutrients at the remediated site are likely sourced from erosion processes occurring within the catchment of the gully (at relatively low concentrations). In contrast, the primary source of suspended sediment and associated nutrients at the control site was erosion from within the gully itself. This study demonstrates the potential of landscape-scale remediation as an effective mitigation action for reducing suspended sediment and nutrient export from alluvial gullies. It also provides a useful case study for the monitoring effort required to appropriately assess the effectiveness of this type of erosion control.
Drivers of Pine Island Glacier retreat from 1996 to 2016
Authors: De Rydt Jan , Reese Ronja , Paolo Fernando , Gudmundsson G. Hilmar
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Pine Island Glacier in West Antarctica is among the fastest changing glaciers worldwide. Over the last two decades, the glacier has lost in excess of a trillion tons of ice, or the equivalent of 3 mm of sea level rise. The ongoing changes are commonly attributed to ocean-induced thinning of its floating ice shelf and the associated reduction in buttressing forces. However, other drivers of change such as large-scale calving, changes in ice rheology and basal slipperiness could play a vital, yet unquantified, role in controlling the ongoing and future evolution of the glacier. In addition, recent studies have shown that mechanical properties of the bed are key to explaining the observed speed-up. Here we used a combination of the latest remote sensing datasets between 1996 and 2016, data assimilation tools and numerical perturbation experiments to quantify the relative importance of all processes in driving the recent changes in Pine Island Glacier dynamics. We show that (1) calving and ice shelf thinning have caused a comparable reduction in ice-shelf buttressing over the past two decades, that (2) simulated changes in ice flow over a viscously deforming bed are only compatible with observations if large and widespread changes in ice viscosity and/or basal slipperiness are taken into account, and that (3) a spatially varying, predominantly plastic bed rheology can closely reproduce observed changes in flow without marked variations in ice-internal and basal properties. Our results demonstrate that in addition to its evolving ice thickness, calving processes and a heterogeneous bed rheology play a key role in the contemporary evolution of Pine Island Glacier.
Shifting the Mythic Discourse: Ambiguity and Destabilization in Joanne Kyger’s The Tapestry and the Web
Authors: Encarnación-Pinedo Estíbaliz
Published: July 2020

The Homeric Penelope, long hailed as a feminist icon just as much as an example of submissive wife, has been the focus of numerous revisions and interpretations ranging from the reactionary to the most subversive. This article analyzes Joanne Kyger’s revision of the mythic discourse in The Tapestry and the Web (1965) by studying two of the main strategies used by the poet: subtle shifts of focus and the use of alternative sources. Building from Joseph Campbell’s concept of the monomyth, which gave the poet the aesthetic freedom to move within Homer’s text, the article examines Kyger’s use of the mythic discourse to undermine the prevalence of patriarchal narratives and question their position as established categories. Operating inside and outside the Homeric construct, Kyger’s collection perpetuates and subverts the classical myth in a move that anticipates contemporary – feminist – revisions and adaptations.
Use of Filter Cake Powder for Enhancing Soil Stability of Active Sand Dunes
Authors: Rutman-Halili Irit , Zvulun Tehila , Elgabsi Natali , Cohen Revaya , Sarig Shlomo , Ben-Asher Jiftach
Published: July 2020

Filter cake powder (FCP) is a residual material and the main solid waste of sugar production from sugarcane. This material contains high concentrations of polysaccharides and fats. FCP has previously been shown to act as a soil improver. Active sand dunes (ASD) in arid and semiarid
regions, cover agriculture fields, and cause significant damage to field crops and livelihood. Therefore, it is necessary to find a treatment which would improve ADS soil stability. Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are communities of living organisms on the soil surface in arid and semi-arid
ecosystems. It was clearly shown that metabolic polysaccharides secreted by biocrust cyanobacteria, glue the soil particles to aggregates which form the crust layer, thereby stabilizing the soil surface. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of FCP on ASD stability. We hypothesized
that the addition of FCP to the ASD surface would enhance soil polysaccharide content, and that this would lead to soil stabilization improvement. The degree of soil stability was determined using penetration resistance soil biocrust (PRSB) measurements. It was found that FCP treatment increased
PRSB significantly when compared with control. These results suggest that FCP can be used as a soil stability enhancing agent in ASD.
n. 27 - O PROGRAMA INSTITUCIONAL DE BOLSA DE INICIAÇÃO À DOCÊNCIA – PIBID: TRAJETÓRIA E DESDOBRAMENTOS
Authors: Santos Cornelo Camila , Schneckenberg Marisa
Published: July 2020

O presente trabalho analisa a trajetória do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência – PIBID, partindo, inicialmente, dos contextos que influenciaram à sua criação, além de evidenciar os processos de modificação pelos quais passou no decorrer dos anos. Para tanto, realizou-se pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Com base nesse estudo foi possível compreender que o referido Programa se constituiu a partir da necessidade de fomentar a procura pelos cursos de licenciatura, uma vez que, muitas áreas da docência careciam de professores formados para lecionarem nas redes públicas de ensino. O PIBID surge então, com o intuito de promover melhorias nos cursos de formação de professores, no que tange, principalmente, ao contato dos acadêmicos com a realidade das escolas de educação básica do país, buscando assim relacionar teoria e prática. Pôde-se observar que a configuração do PIBID foi alterada significativamente no ano de 2018, embora muitas mudanças já viessem ocorrendo desde o ano de 2015, em decorrência de cortes orçamentários. Assim, esse estudo busca demonstrar os caminhos percorridos pelo Programa, até chegar à sua configuração atual.
Physicochemical Properties and Antioxidant Activity of Mixed Oil of Safou (Dacryodes edulis (G. Don) H.J. Lam) from Several Trees
Authors: Ondo-Azi Alain Serges , Missang Crépin Ella , Silou Thomas
Published: July 2020

The valorization of lipids can be highlighted by industrial exploitation of safou pulp, very rich in these. However, the low yield of safou trees is lacking. It’s necessary to estimate the technological potentialities of the oil obtained in order to describe the nutritional value and potential exploitation of this oil. Physical and chemical characteristics of this oil were examined. The aim of our study was to extract oil from fruits of several safou fruits and prepared a unique sample. This sample was essayed for its physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity. Results showed that the refractive index was 1.4693. The density and viscosity values were 0.9 mg/mL and 31.08 mPa/s, respectively. Acid and peroxide values were 6.17 mg KOH/g and 31.46 meq O2/kg. Gas chromatography revealed that the major fatty acids were C16:0 (44.23%), C18:1 (30.50%), and C18:2 (19.62%). Triacylglycerols were the most important lipids (88.88% of total lipids). Spectrometric assessment of color led to the remarkable presence of the peaks associated with the visible absorption of carotenoids near 530 nm and chlorophyll pigments located between 610 and 670 nm. Antioxidant activity and DPPH radical scavenging activities of safou oil were exanimate. So, oil mixtures can be used, while varietal delimitation and mix some varieties for oil industry.
The verification methods for the extraction
of thoracic fraction sulfuric acid(VI)
and validation the ion chromatography
method
Authors: SZEWCZYŃSKA MAŁGORZATA
Published: July 2020

Sulfuic acid is widely used in many industries,
which is associated with the exposure of a large
group of employees to this harmful substance. In
2012, a new value of occupational exposure limit
for sulfuric acid as the thoracic fraction was introduced
in Poland. Due to this change, the method
enabling determination of sulfuric acid in the thoracic
fraction has been established in accordance
with the requirements of the Standard No. EN 481.
The practical use of this method indicated the necessity
of modificating the procedure for sulfuric
acid extraction from methylcellulose filters.
The aim of this study was to modify the extraction
method of sulfuric acid(VI) and to validate the ion
chromatography method.
The determination of sulfuric acid(VI) with ion
chromatography with conductivity detection was
applied in this study. The study used an analytical
column IonPac® Dionex AS22 (4 × 250 mm) with
a precolumn Dionex IonPac AG22 (4 × 50mm) and
a mixture of carbonate and bicarbonate, as a carrier
phase of an isocratic flow rate 1.2 ml/min. The proposed
conditions for the chromatographic separation
of ions enabled the determination of sulfuric
acid (VI) in the presence of fluoride ions, acetate,
chloride, bromide, nitrate, nitrite and phosphate.
Parallel Particle Impactors (PPI) with mixed cellulose
filter dedicated for thoracic fraction was used
for sampling.
The determination method was achieved at
2.125 μg/m3 for 480 m3 of air and extraction of MCE
filter with water (10 ml). The detection limit calculated
on the basis of the signal-to-noise ratio was
1.9 ng, and the limit of quantification was 5.7 ng.
The uncertainty of the overall method is 11% and
23% of expanded uncertainty. PPI sampler dedicated
to collect thoracic fractions has been tested in
real conditions in factories producing and processing
sulfuric acid.
The method of vacuum filtration for sulfates extraction
from filters MCE, which was published in
The Principles and “Methods of Assessing the
Working Environment” (PiMOŚP), was modified.
The use of a mechanical shaking MCE filter with
ultrapure water Milli-Q for 30 min enabled to receive
approximately 100% recovery of sulfuric acid
from the filter analyzed while avoiding the leaching
of interferents. The results confirmed the presence
of sulfuric acid(VI) in the thoracic fraction of
aerosol tested at concentrations ranging from 0.03
to 1.47 MAC value.
Docetaxel. Determination in workplace air with high performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Szewczyńska Małgorzata , Pośniak Małgorzata
Published: July 2020

Docetaxel (DCT) is a plant derived cytotoxic from taxane family - mitosis inhibitors. It is used in the treatment of breast, lung and prostate cancer, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, and gastric adenoma. Docetaxel is a highly flammable liquid and health-threatening substance classified as mutagenicity category 2 and reproductive toxicity category 1B.
This paper presents a method for measuring docetaxel in the workplace air with HPLC with diode array detector (DAD). The method is based on the adsorption of inhalable fraction of docetaxel aerosol on glass fiber filter, desorption with water and chromatographic analysis. The analysis was performed in reverse phase on C18 column and mobile phase – acetonitrile: ammonium acetate solution (45: 55). The measurement range was 0.6 – 10 µg/m3 for 480-L air sample. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.0065 µg/ml and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.0195 µg/ml.
The developed method of docetaxel determination has been recorded as an analytical procedure (see appendix).
Computer Programmes for Determining the Probability and Consequences of Major Accidents
Authors: TUŚNIO Norbert , Wolny Paweł , Siuta Dorota
Published: July 2020

The article presents an overview of the most popular available computer programmes in
Poland used to support the implementation of particular stages of the process of risk analysis
and assessment for lower or upper tier establishments. Particular attention was focused on the
advantages and disadvantages of particular programmes, taking into account their functionality,
availability, ease of use, as well as the reliability and validation of the results obtained. The
appropriate selection of a program to determine the hazard zones, consequences, frequencies,
and risk indicators of accident scenarios allows designing adequate safety and protection
measures to be adopted in the event of occurrence of such undesired events. It also facilitates
the preparation of risk maps as well as internal and external operation and emergency plans.
Diethyl phthalate
Determination in workplace air
Authors: Woźnica Agnieszka
Published: July 2020

Diethyl phthalate (DEP) is an ester of phthalic acid and an ethanol. It is a colorless, oily liquid. This substance is used in industry as a solvent for cellulose acetate and nitrocellulose, and a plasticizer of plastics. It is added to nail polish, perfumes in cosmetics and detergents, food packaging and pharmaceuticals. Diethyl phthalate is a substance which is toxic if inhaled, irritating to eyes and skin, toxic for reproduction (it is suspected that acts harmful to fertility or unborn child). The aim of this study was to develop and validate a method for determining concentrations of diethyl phthalate in workplace air in the range from 1/10 to 2 MAC values in accordance with the requirements of Standard No. PN-EN 482. The study was performed using a gas chromatograph (GC) with a flame ionization detector (FID) with a capillary column HP-INNOWAX (60 m × 0.25 mm, 0.15 µm). The method is based on the adsorption of diethyl phthalate on glass microfiber filter, desorption of analysed compound with ethanol and analysis of the resulting solution with GC-FID. The average desorption efficiency of diethyl phthalate from filter was 90%. Application of column HP-INNOWAX enables selective determination of diethyl phthalate in the presence of other solvents. The measurement range was 0.3  6 mg/m3 for a 240-L air sample. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) are 0.09 µg/ml and 0.27 µg/ml, respectively. The analytical method described in this paper enables selective determination of inhalable fraction of diethyl phthalate in workplace air in the presence of other substances at concentrations from 0.3 mg/m3 (1/10 MAC value). The method is precise, accurate and it meets the criteria for procedures for measuring chemical agents listed in Standard No. EN 482. The method can be used for assessing occupational exposure to diethyl phthalate and associated risk to workers’ health. The developed method of determining diethyl phthalate has been recorded as an analytical procedure (see appendix).
“Tiryaq Arba” (a Polyherbal Unani Formulation) as Prophylactic Medicine Against Epidemics of Acute Respiratory Viral Infections
Authors: Ansari Shabnam , Ahmad Ijhar , Ali Mahboob , Maaz Mohd.
Published: July 2020

: “Tiryaq Arba” is a polyherbal Unani formulation in a majoon dosage form that contains four herbal ingredients, namely habbul ghar (Laurus nobilis), juntiyana romi (Gentiana lutea), murr maki (Commiphora myrrha), and zarawand taweel (Aristolochia longa). The medicine has been used as an antidote against different poisons and as a prophylactic medicine before and/or during epidemics. The constituents have been proposed to act as anti-infective, anti-microbial, and antidote against various infectious agents during epidemics (waba). Scientific experimentation of the above-mentioned constituents has also reinforced their beneficial antiviral, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant properties against epidemics of acute respiratory viral infections such as; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), adenovirus, influenza and influenza A virus, respiratory syncytial virus infections, parainfluenza virus, human rhinovirus B, coxsackievirus, parainfluenza virus type 3, Newcastle disease virus, and influenza A virus, which are a greater cause for morbidity and mortality faced by the world, earlier and at present.
What to Believe
Authors: Polanyi Michael ,   The Polanyi Society
Published: July 2020

“What to Believe” is a brief, hitherto unpublished talk that Michael Polanyi gave at a spring 1947 conference of the Student Christian Movement in Manchester, UK. Polanyi criticizes the way in which modern skepticism undercuts Christianity and what he calls “civic morality” and also promotes a misleading account of modern science. Polanyi outlines and compares the ways in which believing and belonging underlie understanding in science, Christianity and “civic morality.”
EU’s træthed af succes
Authors: Udenrigs Redaktion
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Tyrkiet og Grækenland er integrerede dele af Balkan
Authors: Østergård Uffe
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Apartheid lever i Bosnien
Authors: Loza Tihomir
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Kampen om klimaet
Authors: Vestergaard Frede
Published: July 2020

Noter i marginen
Briterne stemte for studehandler
Authors: Qvortrup Mads
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Finanskrisen, euroen og Danmark
Authors: Vastrup Claus
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Fysiske og psykiske mure
Authors: Balogová Beta
Published: July 2020

Noter i marginen
Stormagternes tøven i Centralasien
Authors: Sperling Vibeke
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Arven fra Nürnberg genoptaget i Kampala
Authors: Mennecke Martin
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Internationalization and Human Resource Management: Having intercultural understanding in the ages of globalization
Authors: Ditta Geoffrey
Published: July 2020

This paper examines the international management of human resources. People have been one of the first challenges of any company wishing to work and develop an activity in other regions. The various movements of these human resources and competencies have implicated the phenomena of culture exchange worldwide. Intercultural conflicts, intercultural competencies, and intercultural management, are topics multinational companies did not face decades ago. Researchers worked on these differences and how humans can accept and cultivate the cultural differences in society. In recent decades, the global economic scene, and more particularly the European one, has increased international competition affecting both companies with an export profile and companies targeting the domestic market. International trade is a special case in general, it has the same principles as internal trade, but it suffers from certain changes related to phenomena caused by artificial and on the other hand natural barriers such as, distance, communication and interculturalism.
CIitizen’s Basic Income - The new promise of Populism in the edge of Technological unemployment
Authors: Paço Natasha , Paço Spiro
Published: July 2020

The years in which we live have been characterized by a strong dynamism in the development of the political spectrum in Europe, but also in the world. traditional spectrum, as populist. The main cases of populism in the period we live in range from traditional groupings, which were revived after the global economic crisis to electoral victories, such as the 5 Star Movement in Italy, UKIP in the UK and the election of Donald Trump in the US. What we want to address in this article is the return of a utopian idea that has not appeared since the period of the French Revolution.
Trends in snakebite deaths in India from 2000 to 2019 in a nationally representative mortality study
Authors: Suraweera Wilson , Warrell David , Whitaker Romulus , Menon Geetha , Rodrigues Rashmi , Fu Sze Hang , Begum Rehana , Sati Prabha , Piyasena Kapila , Bhatia Mehak , Brown Patrick , Jha Prabhat
Published: July 2020

The World Health Organization call to halve global snakebite deaths by 2030 will require substantial progress in India. We analyzed 2833 snakebite deaths from 611,483 verbal autopsies in the nationally representative Indian Million Death Study from 2001 to 2014, and conducted a systematic literature review from 2000 to 2019 covering 87,590 snakebites. We estimate that India had 1.2 million snakebite deaths (average 58,000/year) from 2000 to 2019. Nearly half occurred at ages 30–69 years and over a quarter in children < 15 years. Most occurred at home in the rural areas. About 70% occurred in eight higher burden states and half during the rainy season and at low altitude. The risk of an Indian dying from snakebite before age 70 is about 1 in 250, but notably higher in some areas. More crudely, we estimate 1.11–1.77 million bites in 2015, of which 70% showed symptoms of envenomation. Prevention and treatment strategies might substantially reduce snakebite mortality in India.
A mechanistic model and therapeutic interventions for COVID-19 involving a RAS-mediated bradykinin storm
Authors: Garvin Michael R , Alvarez Christiane , Miller J Izaak , Prates Erica T , Walker Angelica M , Amos B Kirtley , Mast Alan E , Justice Amy , Aronow Bruce , Jacobson Daniel
Published: July 2020

Neither the disease mechanism nor treatments for COVID-19 are currently known. Here, we present a novel molecular mechanism for COVID-19 that provides therapeutic intervention points that can be addressed with existing FDA-approved pharmaceuticals. The entry point for the virus is ACE2, which is a component of the counteracting hypotensive axis of RAS. Bradykinin is a potent part of the vasopressor system that induces hypotension and vasodilation and is degraded by ACE and enhanced by the angiotensin1-9 produced by ACE2. Here, we perform a new analysis on gene expression data from cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from COVID-19 patients that were used to sequence the virus. Comparison with BALF from controls identifies a critical imbalance in RAS represented by decreased expression of ACE in combination with increases in ACE2, renin, angiotensin, key RAS receptors, kinogen and many kallikrein enzymes that activate it, and both bradykinin receptors. This very atypical pattern of the RAS is predicted to elevate bradykinin levels in multiple tissues and systems that will likely cause increases in vascular dilation, vascular permeability and hypotension. These bradykinin-driven outcomes explain many of the symptoms being observed in COVID-19.
Safety evaluation of four faba bean extracts used as dietary supplements in grass carp culture based on hematological indices, hepatopancreatic function and nutritional condition
Authors: Ma Lingling , Kaneko Gen , Xie Jun , Wang Guangjun , Li Zhifei , Tian Jingjing , Zhang Kai , Xia Yun , Gong Wangbao , Li Haihang , Yu Ermeng
Published: July 2020

Faba bean (Vicia faba, FB) is known to improve the texture of fish meat but retards growth possibly by inducing hemolysis, hepatopancreas damage, and metabolic disorder. In this study, we used ultrasonic processing to isolate four FB extracts (water extract, alcohol extract, proteins and residues) and examined their beneficial and detrimental effects. These extracts were separately mixed with commercial feed and fed to grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) using whole FB and commercial feed as controls. After fish were fed one of the six experimental diets for 50 d and 100 d, we evaluated the growth and hematological parameters, activities of metabolic enzymes, hepatopancreatic histology and oxidative response, and lipid metabolism. Results showed that both whole FB and FB residues caused growth retardation and hepatopancreas damage (P < 0.05), whereas growth performance was improved in the FB water and alcohol extract groups compared to the whole FB group. Although the FB water extract negatively affected the number and morphological parameters of red blood cells (P < 0.05), the hematological damage was less pronounced than that of the whole FB group. Excessive hepatopancreatic fat accumulation was found in the whole FB, FB alcohol extract and FB residues groups. Moreover, serious hepatopancreas damages were observed in the FB residues group. These results suggest that the beneficial and detrimental components of FB were successfully separated in the four extracts, and the FB water extract would be the best choice for grass carp culture in terms of growth performance and health. The safety evaluation of the four FB extracts would facilitate further application of FB in aquatic feed.
Extraction of Mango Juice with Pectinase Influences Quality
Authors: Adelakun O. E. , Oke M. O. , Akande E. A. , Olabode A. O. Adebiyi-
Published: July 2020

The production of mango juice is usually characterized with high percentage of pulp which is conventionally reduced with enzymatic treatment in processing. The use of pectinase in fruit juice processing however has not been fully explored in Nigeria. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of pectinase on the yield and some quality attributes of juice produced from mango varieties. Two varieties of mango (Ogbomoso and Sherry) fruits were locally procured. Juices were produced from each of the fruits and pectinase powder or liquid was added at three different concentration levels (0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 g – powdered; 1, 2 and 4 ml - liquid) while juices without pectinase served as control.  The yield, physicochemical composition and microbial analyses were carried out. Sensory evaluation was also carried out on the juice. The study showed that 0.75 g pectinase addition increases the yield of mango juice, with improved physicochemical composition and with high acceptability.
Synthesis, Chracterization and Antibacterial Activity of Cd(II) and Zr(IV) Peroxo-complexes
Authors: Ali Md. Mahasin , Bitu Md. Nur Amin , Hossain Md. Saddam , Hossen Md. Faruk , Asraf Md. Ali , Farooque Md. Akhter , Zahan Md. Kudrat-E-
Published: July 2020

Two new peroxo-complexes of Cd(II) and Zr(IV) ion containing Schiff base (SB) were synthesized and characterized by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), Elemental analyses, conductivity, magnetic moment measurements, UV-Vis. and FT-IR spectral studies. The Schiff base ligand derived from cinnamaldehyde and o-aminophenol participated in complexation through a single pot reaction. FT-IR spectra showed that the Schiff base ligand coordinated to the metal ion through nitrogen of azomethine group and oxygen of hydroxyl group & peroxo group (O-O). The molar conductance values indicated the non-electrolytic nature of both the complexes. Antibacterial activity of the complexes was tested against four pathogenic bacteria, two Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus & Bacillus cereus and two Gram-negative Escherichia coli & Shigella dysenteriae with standard Kanamycin-30. The result showed that Cd(II) complex exhibited more potential antibacterial activity than the Zr(IV) complex against all the tested pathogens.
Anti-cancer Activity of Garcinia mangostana L. and Its Derivatives in Cervical Cancer
Authors: Kirthanashri S. V. , Kumar N. Ramesh , Chitra S.
Published: July 2020

The Garcinia mangostana Linn, a medicinal plant commonly used in Southeast Asia. The crude extract and isolated metabolites were used to evaluate its potential anti-cancer activity which was compared to methotrexate (MTX) in cervical cancer cell line. The present study involved in using crude mangosteen (CM), γ-mangostin (γ-M), isopropyl mangostin (IPM) and Di-O-methyl mangostin (DMM) against the standard anti-neoplastic drug MTX. Cell viability and cytotoxicity by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were assessed. Analysis of DNA fragmentation and clonogenic assay further supports the anti-cancer activity of the drugs in HeLa cells. The IC50 value for CM, γ-M, DMM, IPM and MTX were 13.4µg, 34.84µM, 15.57µM 5.3µM and 16.05µM respectively observed in the present study. This study suggests that the G. mangostana and its derivatives have potential anti-cancer activity an in vitro study in cervical cancer.
Effect of Vermicompost and Biochar on Growth and Yield of Carrot in Red Lateritic Soils of Purulia District of West Bengal
Authors: Biswas P. , Mahato B. , Mahato D. C. , Rahman F. H. , Ghosh Chinanshuk
Published: July 2020

An experiment was conducted at Horticultural Farm of Krishi Vigyan Kendra Kalyan, Purulia, West Bengal, India located at Jahajpur during Rabi season of 2019. The main objective was to determine the effectiveness of vermicompost and biochar on growth and yield of carrot. The experimental design applied was randomized block design (RBD) with three replicates for each treatment. The eight treatments comprised of T1- (Control), T2- (100% NPK), T3- (100% Biochar), T4- (50% Biochar + 50% NPK), T5- (75% Biochar + 25% NPK), T6- (100% Vermicompost), T7- (50% Vermicompost + 50% NPK), T8- (75% Vermicompost + 25% NPK). The growth parameters i.e. plant height, number of leaves, root length, root diameter and yield parameter fresh weight of root were analyzed during growth period and final harvesting in carrots for each treatment using standard methods. The results showed that vermicompost and biochar had a positive effect on all the parameters. T7- 50% Vermicompost + 50% NPK recorded highest yield of 27.67 t/ ha, while the lowest yield (12.24 t/ ha) was recorded in T1- (Control) from the carrots which did not receive any nutrients. However, yield recorded in T4- 50% Biochar + 50% NPK was at par with T8- 75% Vermicompost + 25% NPK. On the basis of the results of this study, 50% Vermicompost + 50% NPK is therefore recommended because it improves the growth parameters resulting to higher yield in carrots.
Optimized high‐fidelity 3DPCR to assess potential mitochondrial targeting by activation‐induced cytidine deaminase
Authors: Wu Haiyan , Zhang Kaili , Chen Yue , Li Jinfeng , Strout Matthew P. , Gu Xiwen
Published: July 2020

Activation‐induced cytidine deaminase (AID) initiates somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination of immunoglobulin genes in B cells, whereas off‐targeted AID activity contributes to oncogenic mutations and chromosomal translocations associated with B cell malignancies. Paradoxically, only a minority of AID is allowed to access the nuclear genome, but the majority of AID is retained in the cytoplasm. It is unknown whether cytoplasmic AID can access and target the mitochondrial genome [mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)]. To address this issue, we developed high‐fidelity differential DNA denaturation PCR, which allowed the enrichment of genuine mtDNA mutations and therefore the identification of endogenous mtDNA mutation signatures in vitro. With this approach, we showed that AID targeting to mtDNA is a rare event in AID‐expressing lymphoma lines. Further biochemical and microscopic analysis revealed that a fraction of cytosol AID is associated with the outer membrane of mitochondria but unable to access the mitochondrial matrix. Together, our data suggested that the mitochondrial genome is protected from AID‐mediated mutagenesis by physical segregation of AID from accessing mtDNA within the mitochondrial matrix.
Whewell, William
Authors: Schultz Bart
Published: July 2020

William Whewell (1794–1866) was an enormously influential polymath who defended a sophisticated form of progressive intuitionism in ethical theory. Although his ethical work is comparatively neglected today, it is impossible to grasp the dynamics of Victorian ethical philosophical controversy – including the work of J. S. Mill – without coming to terms with Whewell's critique of utilitarianism.
Late Modern British Ethics
Authors: Schultz Bart
Published: July 2020

Late modern British Ethics marked a crucial historical period in the growth of philosophical ethics. This period witnessed the great philosophical contests between utilitarianism and its rivals, including Intuitionism, Kantianism, and idealism, and generated issues and arguments that remain very much alive today
Contractualism
Authors: Kumar Rahul
Published: July 2020

A contractualist moral theory is an account of the foundations of a central aspect of commonsense morality, one concerned with how it is wrong for individuals to treat each other. A theory counts as contractualist if it takes as fundamental to accounting for an act's wrongness the justifiability of so acting to those who stand to be affected by it. This core contractualist commitment has been developed in different ways. The most detailed articulation of view is that advanced by T. M. Scanlon inWhat We To Each Other. This entry focuses on Scanlon's contractualism. It discusses the connection between relating to others in ways justifiable to each person and the idea of respect for the value of human life; contractualism as a substantive interpretation of what is involved in one person wronging another; its distinctive account of the authority of morality; the structure of contractualist reasoning about what it is permissible to do; and the challenge that the problem of aggregation poses to the overall plausibility of the theory.