bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transport of substantial stratospheric ozone to the surface by a dying typhoon and shallow convection
Authors: Chen Zhixiong , Liu Jane , Qie Xiushu , Cheng Xugeng , Shen Yukun , Yang Mengmiao , Jiang Rubin , Liu Xiangke
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Stratospheric ozone transported to the troposphere is
estimated to account for 5 %–15 % of the tropospheric ozone sources.
However, the chances of intruded stratospheric ozone reaching the surface are
low. Here, we report an event of a strong surface ozone surge of
stratospheric origin in the North China Plain (NCP, 34–40∘ N,
114–121∘ E) during the night of 31 July 2021. The hourly
measurements reveal surface ozone concentrations of up to 80–90 ppbv at several
cities over the NCP from 23:00 LST (Local Standard time, = UTC +8 h) on 31
July to 06:00 LST on 1 August 2021. The ozone enhancement was 40–50 ppbv
higher than the corresponding monthly mean. A high-frequency surface
measurement indicates that this ozone surge occurred abruptly, with an
increase reaching 40–50 ppbv within 10 min. A concurrent decline in
surface carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations suggests that this surface ozone
surge might have resulted from the downward transport of a stratospheric ozone-rich and
CO-poor air mass. This is further confirmed by the vertical evolutions of
humidity and ozone profiles based on radiosonde and satellite data
respectively. Such an event of stratospheric impact on surface ozone is
rarely documented in view of its magnitude, coverage, and duration. We find that this surface ozone surge was induced by a combined effect of
dying Typhoon In-fa and shallow local mesoscale convective systems (MCSs)
that facilitated transport of stratospheric ozone to the surface. This
finding is based on analysis of meteorological reanalysis and radiosonde
data, combined with high-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)
simulation and backward trajectory analysis using the FLEXible
PARTicle (FLEXPART) particle dispersion model. Although Typhoon In-fa on the
synoptic scale was at its dissipation stage when it passed through the NCP,
it could still bring down a stratospheric dry and ozone-rich air mass. As a
result, the stratospheric air mass descended to the middle-to-low troposphere
over the NCP before the MCSs formed. With the pre-existing stratospheric
air mass, the convective downdrafts of the MCSs facilitated the final descent
of stratospheric air mass to the surface. Significant surface ozone
enhancement occurred in the convective downdraft regions during the
development and propagation of the MCSs. This study underscores the
substantial roles of weak convection in transporting stratospheric ozone to
the lower troposphere and even to the surface, which has important implications
for air quality and climate change.
Analysis of multi-seasonal meteorological storylines leading to reduced forest greenness in Europe in 2000–2020
Authors: Hermann Mauro , Röthlisberger Matthias , Gessler Arthur , Rigling Andreas , Senf Cornelius , Wohlgemuth Thomas , Wernli Heini
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Recent forest decline in Europe is strongly influenced by meteorological conditions imposed by seasonal variations of temperature, T2m, and precipitation, P, and can be monitored with forest greenness. This study quantitatively investigates anomalous characteristics of the three-year meteorological storyline preceding events of reduced forest greenness in Europe's temperate and Mediterranean biome in the phase space of seasonal-mean anomalies of (T2m, P). A specific focus is on the amplitude, persistence, and co-variability of these anomalies. A pragmatic approach based on remote sensing observations of normalized difference vegetation index NDVI serves to identify low forest NDVI events at the 50 km scale in Europe in June to August 2000–2020. An independent forest disturbance data set is used to qualitatively validate the identified more than 1'500 low NDVI events. These events occur in summers with particularly dry and hot conditions but their meteorological storylines feature significant anomalies during multiple seasons preceding the events, with clear differences between the two biomes. In the Mediterranean biome, the anomalously dry conditions persist over more than 1.5 y prior to the events, whereas T2m is anomalously warm only during the last 0.4 y. In contrast, in the temperate biome, T2m is anomalously large during most of the 2.5 y prior to the events and, most interestingly, the autumn/winter preceding the events is characterized by anomalously wet and warm conditions. These anomalies potentially induce a negative legacy on the following summer drought. The seasonal-mean anomalies of P are strongly determined by synoptic-scale weather systems, such that long dry periods are characterized by a deficit of cyclones and an excess of anticyclones. A final analysis investigates the peculiarities of low NDVI events that occur in two consecutive summers and the potential role of drought legacy effects. In the temperate biome, the second event summer of an event sequence has less hot and less dry anomalies than the first one and than during a single event. In summary, detailed investigations of the multi-annual meteorological storyline of low forest NDVI events provided clear evidence that anomalies of surface weather and synoptic-scale weather systems over time periods of up to 2.5 y can negatively impact European forest activity, with important differences between the temperate and Mediterranean biomes.
High-temporal-resolution hydrometeorological data collected in the tropical Cordillera Blanca, Peru (2004–2020)
Authors: Mateo Emilio I. , Mark Bryan G. , Hellström Robert Å. , Baraer Michel , McKenzie Jeffrey M. , Condom Thomas , Rapre Alejo Cochachín , Gonzales Gilber , Gómez Joe Quijano , Encarnación Rolando Cesai Crúz
Published: June 2022

Abstract. This article presents a comprehensive hydrometeorological
dataset collected over the past two decades throughout the Cordillera
Blanca, Peru. The data-recording sites, located in the upper portion of the
Rio Santa valley, also known as the Callejon de Huaylas, span an elevation
range of 3738–4750 m a.s.l. As many historical hydrological stations
measuring daily discharge across the region became defunct after their
installation in the 1950s, there was a need for new stations to be installed
and an opportunity to increase the temporal resolution of the streamflow
observations. Through inter-institutional collaboration, the
hydrometeorological network described in this paper was deployed with the goal
of evaluating how progressive glacier mass loss was impacting stream
hydrology, and understanding better the local manifestation of climate
change over diurnal to seasonal and interannual time scales. The four
automatic weather stations supply detailed meteorological observations and
are situated in a variety of mountain landscapes, with one on a
high-mountain pass, another next to a glacial lake, and two in glacially
carved valleys. Four additional temperature and relative humidity loggers
complement the weather stations within the Llanganuco valley by providing
these data across an elevation gradient. The six streamflow gauges are
located in tributaries to the Rio Santa and collect high-temporal-resolution
runoff data. The datasets presented here are available freely from
https://doi.org/10.4211/hs.35a670e6c5824ff89b3b74fe45ca90e0 (Mateo et al.,
2021). Combined, the hydrological and meteorological data collected
throughout the Cordillera Blanca enable detailed research of atmospheric and
hydrological processes in tropical high-mountain terrain.
Analysis of flash droughts in China using machine learning
Authors: Zhang Linqi , Liu Yi , Ren Liliang , Teuling Adriaan J. , Zhu Ye , Wei Linyong , Zhang Linyan , Jiang Shanhu , Yang Xiaoli , Fang Xiuqin , Yin Hang
Published: June 2022

Abstract. The term “flash drought” describes a type of drought
with rapid onset and strong intensity, which is co-affected by both
water-limited and energy-limited conditions. It has aroused widespread
attention in related research communities due to its devastating impacts on
agricultural production and natural systems. Based on a global reanalysis
dataset, we identify flash droughts across China during 1979–2016 by focusing on the depletion rate of weekly soil moisture percentile.
The relationship between the rate of intensification (RI) and nine related
climate variables is constructed using three machine learning (ML)
technologies, namely, multiple linear regression (MLR), long short-term
memory (LSTM), and random forest (RF) models. On this basis, the
capabilities of these algorithms in estimating RI and detecting droughts (flash
droughts and traditional slowly evolving droughts) were analyzed.
Results showed that the RF model achieved the highest skill in terms of RI
estimation and flash drought identification among the three approaches.
Spatially, the RF-based RI performed best in southeastern China, with an
average CC of 0.90 and average RMSE of the 2.6 percentile per week, while poor
performances were found in the Xinjiang region. For drought detection, all
three ML technologies presented a better performance in monitoring flash
droughts than in conventional slowly evolving droughts. Particularly, the
probability of detection (POD), false alarm ratio (FAR), and critical
success index (CSI) of flash drought derived from RF were 0.93, 0.15, and
0.80, respectively, indicating that RF technology is preferable in estimating
the RI and monitoring flash droughts by considering multiple meteorological
variable anomalies in adjacent weeks to drought onset. In terms of the
meteorological driving mechanism of flash drought, the negative
precipitation (P) anomalies and positive potential evapotranspiration (PET)
anomalies exhibited a stronger synergistic effect on flash droughts compared
to slowly developing droughts, along with asymmetrical compound influences
in different regions of China. For the Xinjiang region, P deficit played a
dominant role in triggering the onset of flash droughts, while in
southwestern China, the lack of precipitation and enhanced evaporative
demand almost contributed equally to the occurrence of flash drought. This
study is valuable to enhance the understanding of flash droughts and
highlight the potential of ML technologies in flash drought monitoring.
The Effects of COVID 19 on Job Satisfaction among the Library Professionals in Delhi NCR, India
Authors: Yadav Shreya , Pandey Nishant Kumar
Published: June 2022

The main purpose of this study examines the Covid 19 situation effect on job Satisfaction among the library professional in Delhi and NCR. The some are many variables use in this study like a gender, age, designation, LIS professional Institutional affiliation, job satisfaction, Job security in organization, agreement with the dissatisfaction of job with their present employers, prime consideration while going for a job change etc. The total response generated 80 43 are male and 37 female, from the data analysis it emerged that very third professional in Delhi NCR enters in to LIS  profession by chance 54%  and 27%  by choice; more than 24  respondents have expressed their willingness to change their present employer, if given better opportunity. More than 30 % professional either fully or partly agree 24% that most of the LIS professionals Delhi and NCR are Current work station is good but, I am expecting library priority in organizations 8% dissatisfied with their employers. All these and many more areas have been explored, which reflect the aspects of job satisfaction and dissatisfaction among LIS professional in Delhi and NCR region.
Importance of Universal Human Values for Life: A Study
Authors: Rani Savina , Beenu  , Jindal Harsh , Gautam Neha , Kumar Santosh
Published: June 2022

The human values are beliefs that have a deep-rooted worth in usefulness or importance to the holder of these qualities. These values are necessity in today’s society and education system. These values provide a meaning to the life of a human being. Usually, people become lazy and dull after being successful in this materialistic world, but if they have values, they would always have a purpose and guide in their life. Values are needed to teach to the children from the early age at school. This will help them to lead a peaceful and harmonious life which is free from evils. Hence, the aim of this paper is to highlight the important of universal human value in our life and how the theories on values are given by different researchers.
Comparing curricular approaches for statistics in primary school in England and Brazil: a focus on graphing
Authors:   University of Leicester, Ainley Janet , Monteiro Carlos ,   Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
Published: June 2022

Analysis of the curricula for primary schools in England and Brazil indicates that in both countries while there is emphasis given in policy documents to the importance of problem solving, the materials that are designed to support teachers’ implementation of the curriculum in their classrooms reflects a more passive approach to the teaching of graphing. We draw on research evidence from studies with primary school children and with student teachers to argue for the importance of active use of graphing for the emergence of transparency (Meira, 1998). We discuss the implications for initial teacher education in order to support teachers whose own confidence and experience in statistics is very limited.
Modeling and simulations in statistics education
Authors:   École Nationale de Formation Agronomique, Chaput Brigitte , Claude Girard Jean ,   Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Henry Michel ,   Université de Franche-Comté
Published: June 2022

In France, recent mathematics curricula reinforce the teaching of statistics and probability. They recommend starting with an experimental approach introducing the observation of sampling fluctuations and the construction of random experiment simulations in order to prepare students for theory. This approach raises the problem of the didactical practice of random experiment modeling and simulations.
Which probability do we have to meet ...? A case study about statistical and classical approach to probability in students’ behaviour
Authors:   National Agency for Educational System Support, Garuti Rossella , Orlandoni Aurelia ,   National Agency for Educational System Support, Ricci Roberto ,   National Agency for Educational System Support
Published: June 2022

This case study report describes a training activity for in-service teachers working on a project related to statistical literacy. Collected data from the solutions to a problem given to the students are taken into account. The problem was chosen to give teachers the opportunity to reflect on their methods for teaching statistics and probability. Results about student understanding of statistical and classical probability and about the teacher methodologies to present these key concepts are described.
Reconceptualising ‘Statistics’ and ‘Education’
Authors:   University of Durham, Ridgway Jim , Nicholson James ,   University of Durham, McCusker Sean ,   University of Durham
Published: June 2022

Although most interesting problems are multivariate (MV) and students and citizens need to be able to reason using MV data, appropriate challenges are rarely encountered in class. In this paper we argue that the curriculum (and ideas about statistical literacy) should encompass reasoning with MV data. Statistics education can occur in a range of disciplines and in informal setting –notably on the web. Strategically, there is a need for dialogue with educators in other disciplines. We also argue for greater collaboration with data providers, who are engaging increasingly in ‘People Net’ (PN) activities–in short, a reconceptualisation of the education community. The SMART Centre has developed generic software shells that facilitate the import of MV data into interactive displays. We also describe their successful use in Citizenship classrooms where students interpret large-scale survey data on topics such as sexually transmitted infections and drug use.
German mathematics teachers’ views on statistics education
Authors:   Chemnitz University of Technology, Sedlmeier Peter , Wassner Christoph ,   Martin Behaim Gymnasium
Published: June 2022

Although knowledge about how to improve statistics teaching is steadily increasing, still very little is known about what statistics teachers actually know, think, and do in their classrooms. The present study is a first attempt to shed more light on the issue. Experienced mathematics teachers were asked about their views of statistics in general and of current curricula, as well as about their impressions of their students’ views and abilities regarding statistics. In addition, they were asked to indicate what good statistics instruction should look like. We found that in general, teachers as well as students are quite interested in statistics but that students apparently experience greater difficulties in statistics classes than in classes on other mathematical topics. We identify several potential impediments to effective statistics instruction that might be good starting points for attempts to improve statistics education in German schools.
Explaining teachers’ attitudes towards statistics
Authors:   University of Lleida, Estrada Assumpta , Batanero Carmen ,   University of Granada
Published: June 2022

We summarize three studies aimed at assessing teachers’ attitudes towards statistics. In the first study the comparison of prospective and in-service primary school teachers’ attitudes towards statistics revealed no differences. The second study explores the structure of pre-service teachers’ attitudes towards statistics and its relationships with statistical knowledge. We finally present the preliminary results of an on-going study, where an open-ended questionnaire is used to find potential explanations for prospective teachers’ positive or negative attitudes.
Elementary school teachers’ understanding of the mean and median
Authors:   University of Kentucky, Jacobbe Tim
Published: June 2022

This paper presents results from a case study that explored elementary school teachers’ understanding of essential topics in statistics. Teachers’ understanding of the mean and median is presented in light of the suggestions by the GAISE document at Level A. It is important to consider where inservice teachers’ understanding currently lies as we explore issues related to improving the sophistication of teaching and learning statistics in elementary schools.
MOTIVASI INTRINSIK DENGAN KINERJA PERAWAT
Authors: Mobiliu Suwarly , Falah Fakhriatul , Panigoro Alam Triana
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Nursing, as an integral part of health services, also determines health quality. The number of nursing staff dominate overall health workers, where nurses make a Unique contribution to the form of health services as a relative, sustainble, cordinative, and advocacy unit. This research aimed to find out the correlation of intrinsic motivation with a nursing performance at Toto Kabila RSUD of Bone Bolango Distrit. This research was conduted on April 15 – 29 2019. The method was quantitative reserach employing cross-sectional approach with a sample taken from all 43 respondents. The data were collected by the questionnaire and Chi-Square α = 0,05 value as the technique of analyzing the data. The research findings showed that the intrinsic Motivation was high with the percentage 72,1% and good performance was 74,4%.The research obtained p-value = 0,000 < α = 0,05, it can be concluded that RSUD Toto Kabila in Bone Bolango District.

ABSTRAK

Keperawatan sebagai bagian integral dari pelayanan kesehatan, ikut menentukan mutu dari pelayanan kesehatan. Tenaga keperawatan secara keseluruhan jumlahnya mendominasi tenaga kesehatan yang ada, dimana keperawatan memberikan konstribusi yang unik terhadap bentuk pelayanan kesehatan sebagai satu kesatuan yang relatif, berkelanjutan, koordinatif dan advokatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan motivasi intrinsik dengan kinerja perawat di RSUD Toto Kabila Bone Bolango. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tanggal 15 – 29 April 2019. Metode Penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan yaitu cross sectional dengan pengambilan sampel menggunakan total populasi sebanyak 43 responden, pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan dianalisis melalui uji chi square dengan α = 0.05. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Motivasi Intrinsik sebagian besar tinggi dengan persentase sebesar 72.1% dan kinerja baik sebanyak 74.4%. Didapatkan bahwa nilai p = 0,000 < α = 0,05. Maka dapat disimpulkan ada hubungan antara motivasi intrinsik dengan kinerja perawat di RSUD Toto Kabila Bone Bolango.
An empirical Bayes method for genetic association analysis using case-control mother-child pair data
Authors: Zhao Yanan , Yang Weiqi , Zhang Hong ,   Department of Statistics and Finance, School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
Published: June 2022

Case-control mother-child pair data are often used to investigate the effects of maternal and child genetic variants and environmental risk factors on obstetric and early life phenotypes. Retrospective likelihood can fully utilize available information such as Mendelian inheritance and conditional independence between maternal environmental risk factors (covariates) and children’s genotype given maternal genotype, thus effectively improving statistical inference. Such a method is robust to some extent if no relationship assumption is imposed between the maternal genotype and covariates. Statistical efficiency can be considerably improved by assuming independence between maternal genotype and covariates, but false-positive findings would be inflated if the independence assumption was violated. In this study, two empirical Bayes (EB) estimators are derived by appropriately weighting the above retrospective-likelihood-based estimators, which intuitively balance the statistical efficiency and robustness. The asymptotic normality of the two EB estimators is established, which can be used to construct confidence intervals and association tests of genetic effects and gene-environment interactions. Simulations and real-data analyses are conducted to demonstrate the performance of our new method.
The Effect of the Extra Virgin Olive Oil Administration towards the Malondialdehyde and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Levels on the Hypertensive Pregnant Rats
Authors: Purwani Rani , Yerizel Eti , . Efrida
Published: June 2022

Background: Hypertension and pregnancy cause placental ischemia which will produce the toxic free radicals that cause the oxidative stress and increase the malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Oxidative stress also decreases the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) level. Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) contains antioxidants that can break free radical chain reactions. This study aims to determine the effect of the EVOO administration on the MDA and VEGF levels on the hypertensive pregnant rats.
Methods: A post-test only control group design study was conducted on 30 pregnant rats consisting of a negative control group (K-), a positive control group (K+) and 3 treatment groups as a hypertension model (Pl, P2, P3), NaC1-induced hypertension model 6 % on day 6 to day 12 of pregnancy. All treatment groups were given EVOO except K+, from day 13 to day 19. On day 20, all the rats were executed. The MDA examination used a spectrophotometer and the VEGF examination used ELISA. The data was tested by using the one way ANOVA test which was statistically significant if p < 0.05.
Results: The results of this study showed that there was a significant decrease on the mean of the MDA level after the EVOO administration, especially in the P3 group, which was 1,532 mmol/l (p 0.000) and a significant increase on the mean of the VEGF level after the EVOO administration, especially in the P3 group, which was 68,892 ng/l. (p 0.000). It means that there is an effect of the EVOO administration on the MDA and VEGF levels of hypertensive pregnant rats.
Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that the EVOO administration can decrease the MDA level and increase the VEGF level on hypertensive pregnant rats.

Keywords: EVOO, MDA, VEGF, Hypertension.
Social Networks Correlate to Fertility Intentions and Realization among Menopausal Women in Suburban Areas of Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Authors: E. Uzobo , B.O. Moroyei
Published: June 2022

The study examined the roles of social networks in fertility intentions and realization among menopausal women in suburban areas of Bayelsa State. Although studies have previously shown the influence that social networks have on fertility behaviour, their roles on fertility intentions and realization among women before menopause especially in the suburban areas remained unknown. Social network theory provided the theoretical base for this study while a retrospective cross-sectional research was employed for the design. A multistage sampling technique was utilized to distribute 385 copies of structured questionnaires to menopausal women (aged 50+ years). The quantitative data were analysed with the use of descriptive statistics. The average age of the respondents was 52.88±3.20 years. Findings revealed that the social networks available before menopause ranged from relatives (26.4%), neighbours (22.0%), husbands’ relatives (11.1%), religious group members (11.1%), friends (7.5%), co-workers (3.6%) and community heads (3.6%). The highest percentage of social networks that influenced the use of contraceptives before menopause was relatives (33.5%). Also, social networks were significantly related to family planning use (x2=102.41, DF=6, p<0.05). The result also showed that relatives (42.6%) had the highest influence on the number of children intended before menopause, while friends (24.2%) and relatives (23.6%) had the highest proportion of influence on the total number of children that were ever born. In conclusion, different forms of social networks influenced respondents’ fertility behaviour. It is therefore recommended that the use of social networks should be considered a critical factor in designing reproductive health policy among women as an informal mechanism of disseminating reproductive health information.
SEISMIC STATIONS OF THE NATIONAL NUCLEAR CENTER OF RK AND ITS CONTRIBUTION INTO SOLVING OF TASKS ON SEISMIC HAZARD ASSESSMENT OF THE EAST KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Mikhailova N. N. , Mukambayev A. S.
Published: June 2022

In 2021–2023 a task set before the seismologists was to conduct work on seismic zoning of the east Kazakhstan territory. The seismic stations network of that region is represented by two seismic arrays and two three-component stations of the IGR NNC RK and two three-component stations of the SEME MES RK. The work describes the parameters of the IGR NNC RK stations, estimates its capabilities in recording the events of different magnitudes at various distances. In 2002– 2020 the IGR NNC RK stations recorded almost 34000 events. After discrimination of explosions and its removal from the catalogue of seismic events the map of earthquakes epicenters at the east Kazakhstan territory that includes 28000 earthquakes was constructed. This material is one of the main informational components for seismic hazard assessment in this region.
PAHUTE MESA TRAVEL TIMES AT KURIL–KAMCHATKA SEISMIC STATIONS
Authors: Nepeina K. S. , An V. A.
Published: June 2022

This research fulfills additional information about the lithosphere below Southeastern Asia and the northern Pacific. The area is interesting for researchers because of the Kuril–Kamchatka subducted lithosphere. The availability to study an underground structure is complicated, because of Pacific Ocean. The significance of this research concerns epicentral distances ~54°–70° or ~6000–7000 km. During the Cold War of the 20th century and the classification of information between the largest nuclear states the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States of America (USA), data on the registration of nuclear explosions were not published, however, underground nuclear explosions (UNE) were recorded. Thanks to an employee of the laboratory 5-s of the Institute of Physics of the Earth named after O.Yu. Schmidt of the USSR Academy of Sciences Kh.D. Rubinstein is kept at the Institute for the Dynamics of Geospheres of the Russian Academy of Sciences named after Academician M.A. Sadovsky (IDG RAS). Only after 1985 reports from some seismic stations of the former USSR began to be published in the operational reports of the United Geophysical Survey of the Russian Academy of Sciences (GS RAS). As it has not been yet published anywhere, we collect them and obtain the travel times were by revising seismograms from the archives IDG RAS and GS RAS for five Kuril–Kamchatka seismic stations (Bering, Esso, Severo-Kurilsk, Kurilsk). The 48 Unites States UNE at Pahute Mesa (at Nevada Test Site) from 1968 to 1990 are used for travel time curve building. We measure P waves travel times (tp) on historical seismograms for the ray travel path between Pahute Mesa tests and Kuril–Kamchatka stations. The body-waves magnitudes (mb) vary from 5.3 to 6.5. We obtain arrivals for: 1 UNE at Bering station, 7 UNE at Esso station, 45 UNE at Petropavlovsk, 18 UNE at Severo-Kurilsk and 12 at Kurilsk. We build a travel time function using linear regression algorithm as tp=k·Δ°+b, where Δ° is the epicentral distance, k and b are arbitrary constants. We show that travel time deviations, associated with nonlinearity of the Earth. We estimate the effective velocities of P waves for the Pahute Mesa – Kuril–Kamchatka travel path as coefficient k in the linear equation. Effective velocity is equal to 7.5 km/s.
Algunos problemas con las categorías "indígena" y "mestizo" en el México Contemporâneo
Authors: Magazine Roger
Published: June 2022

En este artículo, señalo algunos problemas con las categorías “indígena” y “no-indígena” o “mestizo” para el estudio del México rural. Planteo la importancia de no confundir la castellanización y otros cambios socioculturales asociados con la modernización con una transformación completa de indígena a mestizo. Cito ejemplos de comunidades rurales que ya no se clasifican como indígenas, pero que se consideran distintas a la población urbana. Además, sugiero que si nos acercamos a estas comunidades sin las suposiciones teóricas que están estrechamente ligadas a las categorías “indígena” y “mestizo”, surgen varias temáticas que han sido ignoradas en las investigaciones sobre el México rural.
Miradas sobre la integración
Authors: Legarreta Patricia
Published: June 2022

El artículo se enfoca en mostrar cómo se dio la conformación de comunidades agrarias en la región de la Chinantla media, Oaxaca en el contexto post-revolucionario y de la reforma agraria en México. Durante este periodo, la Chinantla media tenía fuertes vínculos intercomunitarios, a la vez que la visión hegemónica de los proyectos de desarrollo estatal así como en las teorías antropológicas tenían una perspectiva en la que los pueblos eran vistos como aislados. El artículo muestra que las comunidades no estaban aisladas entre sí y nunca lo han estado puesto que el intercambio de bienes, ideas y personas es fundamental para la reproducción biológica y social.
Time series investigation on spatial and temporal disparity of sodium in groundwater within Abuja, Northern Nigeria
Authors: Lucia OmolayoAgashua  , Bamitale Dorcas Oluyemi-Ayibiowu  , Igibah Christopher Ehizemhen
Published: June 2022

This study revealed case study on how to exploit time series investigation as extracting device to trace the transience of sodium discharge and to forecast the sodium accumulation in groundwater. Abuja North Nigeria, was chosen as study zone, and twenty-five groundwater monitoring boreholes positioned within the domain of sodium discharge were subjected to time series scrutiny. The measured sodium values in groundwater are from 55.98 to 515.45 mg/L, and compare with WHO limit of 50 mg/L. Time series scrutiny is a suitable tool for mining stimulating archetype from well-arranged series of observations. From extorting information from ACF, season model, time series modeler and CCF, the style, interesting patterns, procedures, or models around the original data set were sort out. IBM SPSS Modeller V18.x and Aq.QA time series plot, were engaged to construe the data from the monitoring information of groundwater quality.
Characterization of phytochemicals and determination of antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of the medicinal plant Ardisia solanacea
Authors: Md. Shahadat Hossain  , Sanchita Dewanjee  , Md. Ashraful Islam  , Mohammad Hamid Al Muktadir  , Sushmita Karmokar  , Md Kayes Mahmud  , Mohammad Hasem Babu  , Sujoy Das  , Mohammad Shariful Islam  , Sonia Ferdousy
Published: June 2022

The present study was conducted to detect possible phytochemicals and evaluate antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of the extract of Ardisia solanacea. Phytochemical screening was carried out using the standard test methods of different chemical group. For investigating the antioxidant activity, two complementary test methods namely DPPH free radical scavenging assay and total phenolic content determination were carried out. For the evaluation of in vitro antimicrobial activity, disc diffusion method was used. Evaluation of cytotoxic activity was done using the brine shrimp lethality bioassay. In DPPH free radical scavenging test, the petroleum ether soluble fraction showed the highest free radical scavenging activity with IC50 value 40.04 μg/ml. while compared to that of the reference standards ascorbic acid. Ardisia solanacea was also found as a good source of total phenolic contents. Moreover, the extracts revealed moderate antimicrobial activity at the concentration of 400 μg/disc. In cytotoxic activity test, the petroleum ether soluble fraction showed significant cytotoxic potential (LC50 value of 0.703 μg/ml) among all the fractions comparing with that of standard vincristine (0.544 μg/ml). Therefore, further studies are suggested to determine the active compounds responsible for the pharmacological activities of the plant extracts.
The viability of service supply and travellers satisfaction in mass transit system in north-central Nigeria: The quality puzzle
Authors: Olumuyiwa Samson Aderinola  , Ehizemhen Christopher Igibah  , Bamitale Dorcas Oluyemi-Ayibiowu  , Oluwaseun Adedapo Adetayo  , Lucia Omolayo Agashua
Published: June 2022

This paper investigates transport system and sustainable improvement in North-central, Nigeria with specific reference to Abuja, Nasarawa and Niger State. Survey research device was utilized with questionnaire as main instruments applied for data collections which were dispensed to four hundred travellers carefully picked randomly making total of 1200 travellers that were studied. From demographic figures for each of the three zones, female travellers more than men, Self-employed travellers has the highest, between 25 and 40 years travelled most, Christian travellers are more than other religions, while travellers with at least degree certificate travelled most and the highest income is below minimum wage. Nevertheless, from the opinion about public transportation system, majority testify that fare is too costly, deficient bus service and inaccessibility or costly parking space, whereas safety and cleanliness is zero percent.
UNIVERSITY PERFORMANCE: HOW WE DEFINE IT AND HOW WE MEASURE IT
Authors:   Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, Cotelnic Ala
Published: June 2022

Performance is a current and expanding topic, debated by both academic researchers and practitioners, being a complex concept that can be defined from several perspectives. In this article, the concept of performance is analysed in general and in particular in the university environment. We find that the concept of performance has undergone an impressive evolution in recent decades, because in the beginning, the definitions attributed to performance referred only to financial indicators, but over time, non-financial indicators were taken into account, which proved to be indispensable for the proper functioning of the organization, but especially for higher education institutions. Thus, performance measurement uses specific indicators to differentiate and compare universities, either in terms of study programs or the university as a whole, or for funding (Ministry of Education and Research) or for accreditation and quality assurance. In the article we refer to the performance indicators for the financial stimulation of public universities, which operate under conditions of financial autonomy in the Republic of Moldova. The proposed performance measurement system for the Moldovan universities is a new one, in the making and is being used for two years. A comparative analysis of some indicators is performed. The purpose of this article is to study the essence of the performance in the university environment notion and the methods of measuring performance based on the scientific literature in the field and normative acts. We also analyzed how the performance of universities in the Republic of Moldova is measured and what are the possibilities for improvement.
FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS FROM A SOCIAL WELFARE PERSPECTIVE - A COMPARATIVE STUDY ROMANIA-MOLDOVA
Authors:   Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, Zlati (Sorici) Monica-Laura , Mihaila Svetlana ,   Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, Grosu Veronica ,   Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Romania
Published: June 2022

Under conditions of uncertainty, the financial performance of a state (which is the attribute of the state's assurance of welfare through the contribution of economic activity to the financial-budgetary vectors) changes in relation to the influences of uncertainty factors and the response of the entropy of the system to the social protection measures adopted by the authorities in response to the crisis. Thus, in the opinion of the authors, the financial performance can be quantified according to the capacity of the resources to satisfy the financial needs, in an equitable measure, based on the allowed access, in the presence of protection against financial risk and through the sustainable consumption of resources. We propose to develop a model for assessing financial performance under uncertainty based on the consumption vector represented by the average monthly cost felt by the employer. The methods used are prospective (literature study) and analytical (consolidation of a Romania-Moldova parallel database for relevant macroeconomic indicators: active population, Total state companies' revenues of, Number of state companies, Number of employees, Total national income). The results of the study materialize in the assessment of economic development patterns influencing financial performance by creating parallel correlations with effect in delineating the influences of endogenous and exogenous factors on the financial performance of the two countries.
Juan Zapata Olivella y Manuel Zapata Olivella: un diálogo intelectual y cultural entre dos hermanos
Authors: Mina Aragón William
Published: June 2022

Este ensayo tiene el objetivo de hacer dialogar la obra histórica, literaria, cultural, política y militante entre dos intelectuales afrocolombianos caribeños, que defendieron un pensamiento afrodiaspórico y cosmopolita. A través de una ruta metódica documental, el trabajo se desarrolla en tres apartados: el primero, realiza un breve repaso por la vida y obra de ambos escritores; el segundo, busca abordar el heroísmo de los próceres afros de la independencia centrada en la figura de José Prudencio Padilla, desde un enfoque narrativo e histórico; y el tercero, se focaliza en la articulación entre novela y libertad desde la concepción del realismo mítico zapataolivellano, en la intersección entre ficción y realidad.
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Authors: Estudios Colombianos Revista de
Published: June 2022

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Lung cancer prediction and retrieval using multistage hybrid prediction approach
Authors: Jayaraj D. , Kumar C. Senthil , Nagarajan N. , Kuma B. Suresh , Govindasamy S. , Vennila L. , Panbilnathan Aranga
Published: June 2022

In cancer diagnosis computer-aided Prediction is considered as significant research domain. The generation and processing of lung cancer identification and Prediction is expensive. During past decades, content-based image retrieval (CBIR) technique has been applied in various medical applications. For effective diagnosis of lung cancer radiologist’s requires effective approach for cancer prediction and diagnosis. In this research, for prediction of CT lung images is achieved using hybrid Prediction approach is adopted with integration of logistic regression and Adaboost classifier. Feature extraction and retrieval of lung cancer image applied through optimization technique known as firefly approach for processing several vector features of lung images to derive salient characteristics for achieving best features. Results illustrated that proposed prediction and retrieval approach exhibits significant performance rather than conventional technique. The proposed approach provides classification accuracy of 97% which is significantly higher.
Value of core needle biopsy in histopathological and immunohistochemical assessment of liver tumors
Authors: Kadhim Zainab Mohammed Jawad , Al-Janabi Asaad Abdul hamza
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Liver is the most commonly involved organ by metastatic disease. Secondary tumors are more frequent lesion forming more than 75%, while primary cancers of liver formed less than 25%. Imaging according to LI-RAD can give a clue for the nature of the primary lesion of live particularly hepatocellular carcinoma.  Liver biopsy is still the golden standard surveillance for histopathological diagnosis of liver tumor; however, it is a traumatic procedure, but its value in reaching the definite diagnosis is superior to imaging technique. Tru cut biopsy is less traumatic than open biopsy and considered nowadays as the preferable technical way in sampling liver tissue that can be applied for both histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Secondary liver lesions were encountered to be originated from lung, breast, Pancreatobiliary tract and GIT, female genital tract, prostate and others.  Objectives of the Study: To assess the efficacy of Tru cut biopsy for both histopathological examination and immunohistochemical study identification the type and origin of liver tumors. Methodology: This is a cross sectional study conducted in the Al-Sadr Teaching Hospital in Al-Najaf City, Iraq from January 2019 till December 2021.
Comparative evaluation of dexamethasone and clonidine as an adjuvant to ropivacaine in supraclavicular block
Authors: Agarwal Sangeeta Bansal , Tiwari Rohit , Kushwaha Jitendra
Published: June 2022

Background/Aim: Enhancing the intensity of block by using adjuvant is the mainstay now a days in various regional block for surgery. Our primary objective was to compare the dexamethasone and clonidine as adjuvant to ropivacaine in supraclavicular block. Supraclavicular brachial plexus block provides excellent perioperative analgesia in upper extremity surgeries. Various adjuvants can be added to local anesthetics to enhance the effect of block. The main objective in the management of postoperative pain is minimizing the dose of analgesic to reduce side effects and provide adequate analgesia, shorten hospital stay, reduce hospital cost, and increase patient satisfaction. Methodology: One hundred twenty patients going for elective upper limb surgery of ASA grade I & ASA II in the age group 18 – 60 years were divided in the two groups of 60 each. Groups 1 were given Ropivacaine 0.5% 30 ml with 8 mg Dexamethasone, and Groups II were given Ropivacaine 0.5% 30 ml with 75 mcg Clonidine for supraclavicular block using peripheral nerve stimulator. Onset of sensory and motor block, duration of motor block, duration of analgesia, number of rescue analgesia, sedation score, post-operative pain and adverse effects were observed.
Anatomical and histological study of the kidneys in golden eagles, racing pigeon and common bulbul
Authors: Ali Mohammed A. , Ghaji Mustafa S. , Abdulrasool M. Taher Abdulrazzaq , Alhasson Firas A.
Published: June 2022

The present study was carried on Thirty apparently healthy birds (ten Golden Eagles, ten Racing pigeon and ten Common Bulbul ),a tool for determining the anatomy significant variations in the kidneys' histology Histological research (5-7)µm. paraffin section stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin stain were prepared .In both birds, the kidneys were, dorso-ventrally flattened, extended from the caudal end of the lungs to the synsacrum bone's end, as well as the kidneys' dorsal half were sink deep in the synsacrum fosse and divided into three incomplete parts. In adult racing pigeon, the kidney was red to red brown in color flattened retroperitoneal fragile organs embedded in ventral surface of synsacrum bone. It has three lobes (cranial, middle and caudal), the caudal lobe was the largest and wider than the other two lobes. In golden eagles, had paired kidneys. Each kidney was flattened and extra-peritoneal organs. Also each kidney in Common Bulbul consists of three lobes were cranial, middle and caudal. The cranial lobe was longer and broader than the other two lobes, whereas the caudal lobe was similar in shape but smaller in size than the middle lobe.
Inclusión o exclusión educativa: Dicotomía del sistema educativo salvadoreño
Authors: Laureano-Alvarenga Manuel de Jesús
Published: June 2022

Esta investigación se realizó con el objetivo de reconstruir la dinámica en que la práctica docente genera inclusión educativa durante el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en el aula. Para ello, se hizo un rastreo teórico que proporcionó datos relevantes que establecen que el sistema educativo salvadoreño no está exento de propiciar prácticas educativas excluyentes, las cuales inhiben la puesta en marcha de la inclusión educativa. Lo anterior contribuyó a establecer la propuesta metodológica, la cual fue cualitativa y se complementó con un instrumento cuantitativo para triangular las experiencias de los participantes. Los participantes fueron: funcionario de la Dirección Nacional de Educación Superior, asistente técnico pedagógico, catedrático universitario, directores de centros educativos, docentes de las cuatro asignaturas básicas, y estudiantes de primer año de bachillerato general. Los hallazgos muestran que la formación inicial se caracteriza por la aplicación de la metodología conductista; porque el significado que los docentes le atribuyen al proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje es principalmente de transmisión de la información; porque la metodología que se aplica en educación media es conductista; porque los factores de inclusión y exclusión fueron la participación y las etiquetas que se asignan a los estudiantes; porque la experiencia de inclusión está enfocada en las oportunidades equitativas de participación, y porque la comunicación en la interacción docente-estudiante contribuye a fomentar el aprendizaje.
Editorial
Authors: Editores UFG
Published: June 2022

Nuestra revista Realidad y Reflexión cumple 22 años y 55 números publicados: desde el año 2000, la revista ha sido un espacio académico científico desde el cual se ha reflexionado sobre la realidad, siendo ésta el punto de partida para el ejercicio investigativo. Desde su lanzamiento, la revista ha tenido un enfoque multidisciplinario que le ha permito aportar desde diversas aristas especializadas; los 14 aportes que componen este número no son la excepción.