bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Primary Care Practitioner Perceptions on the Follow-up of Abnormal Cancer Screening Test Results
Authors: Atlas Steven J. , Tosteson Anna N. A. , Burdick Timothy E. , Wright Adam , Breslau Erica S. , Dang Tin H. , Wint Amy J. , Smith Rebecca E. , Harris Kimberly A. , Zhou Li , Haas Jennifer S.
Published: September 2022

Importance

Health care systems focus on delivering routine cancer screening to eligible individuals, yet little is known about the perceptions of primary care practitioners (PCPs) about barriers to timely follow-up of abnormal results.

Objective

To describe PCP perceptions about factors associated with the follow-up of abnormal breast, cervical, colorectal, and lung cancer screening test results.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Survey study of PCPs from 3 primary care practice networks in New England between February and October 2020, prior to participating in a randomized clinical trial to improve follow-up of abnormal cancer screening test results. Participants were physicians and advanced practice clinicians from participating practices.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Self-reported process, attitudes, knowledge, and satisfaction about the follow-up of abnormal cancer screening test results.

Results

Overall, 275 (56.7%) PCPs completed the survey (range by site, 34.9%-71.9%) with more female PCPs (61.8% [170 of 275]) and general internists (73.1% [201 of 275]); overall, 28,7% (79 of 275) were aged 40 to 49 years. Most PCPs felt responsible for managing abnormal cancer screening test results with the specific cancer type being the best factor (range, 63.6% [175 of 275] for breast to 81.1% [223 of 275] for lung; P < .001). The PCPs reported limited support for following up on overdue abnormal cancer screening test results. Standard processes such as automated reports, reminder letters, or outreach workers were infrequently reported. Major barriers to follow-up of abnormal cancer screening test results across all cancer types included limited electronic health record tools (range, 28.5% [75 of 263]-36.5%[96 of 263]), whereas 50% of PCPs felt that there were major social barriers to receiving care for abnormal cancer screening test results for colorectal cancer. Fewer than half reported being very satisfied with the process of managing abnormal cancer screening test results, with satisfaction being greatest for breast cancer (46.9% [127 of 271]) and lowest for cervical (21.8% [59 of 271]) and lung cancer (22.4% [60 of 268]).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this survey study of PCPs, important deficiencies in systems for managing abnormal cancer screening test results were reported. These findings suggest a need for comprehensive organ-agnostic systems to promote timely follow-up of abnormal cancer screening results using a primary care–focused approach across the range of cancer screening tests.
Postauricular Cyst in a 15-Year-Old Girl
Authors: Jeong Junhui , Kim Yeejeong
Published: September 2022

A 15-year-old girl presented with a right-side postauricular mass, which showed high signal intensity on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and lining by squamous epithelium on histopathological examination after surgical excision. What is your diagnosis?
Posttraumatic Lingual Artery Pseudoaneurysm and Synchronous Multiple Pneumatosis in a Child
Authors: Touli Ermioni , Kechagia Tanzou Kara , Batziou Nikoleta , Pampoukidou Eftychia , Mouratidou Louiza , Peidou Sotiria
Published: September 2022

This case report describes a lingual artery pseudoaneurysm in a child after a low-energy, blunt, neck trauma accompanied by subcutaneous emphysema, pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardium, pneumoperitoneum, and pneumorrhachis.
Uniqueness of radiomic features in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Ge Gary , Zhang Jie
Published: September 2022

Purpose

The uniqueness of radiomic features, combined with their reproducibility, determines the reliability of radiomic studies. This study is to test the hypothesis that radiomic features extracted from a defined region of interest (ROI) are unique to the underlying structure (e.g., tumor).

Approach

Two cohorts of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients were retrospectively retrieved from a GE and a Siemens CT scanner. The lung nodules (ROI) were delineated manually and radiomic features were extracted using IBEX. The same ROI was then translocated randomly to four other tissue regions of the same set of images: adipose, heart, lung beyond nodule, and muscle for radiomic feature extraction. Coefficient of variation (CV) within different ROIs and concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) between lung nodule and a given tissue region were calculated to test to determine feature uniqueness. The radiomic features were considered nonunique when (1) the CV < 10% and CCC > 0.85 for over 50% of patients; and (2) the CCC > 0.85 appeared in ≥2 tissue regions beyond the defined region.

Results

In total, 14 patients from GE and 18 patients from Siemens are analyzed. The results show that 12 features fall below the 10% CV threshold for over 50% of patients in the GE cohort and 29 features in the Siemens cohort. According to CCC, 18 radiomic features in GE and 16 features in Siemens are identified as nonunique, with 11 overlapping features. Combining CV and CCC, 9 of 123 calculated features (7.3%) are identified as nonunique to a defined ROI.

Conclusions

Radiomic feature uniqueness should be considered to improve the reliability of radiomics study.
AMA overdose report focuses on access to treatment
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: September 2022

A report issued last week by the American Medical Association (AMA) on opioid overdoses summed up what physicians have already done to try to combat the overdoses and deaths, but also commented on what still needs to be done.
FDA makes it easier for harm reduction groups to buy naloxone
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: September 2022

Naloxone, a drug which rescues opioid overdose victims, is expensive, but the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has made it possible for more groups – specifically harm reduction organizations – to buy it in bulk. From the announcement.
On the Technological Feasibility of Additively Manufactured Self‐Supporting AlSi10Mg Lattice Structures
Authors: Bassoli Elena , Mantovani Sara , Giacalone Mauro , Merulla Andrea , Defanti Silvio
Published: September 2022

The capability to design and manufacture metal lattice structures is today one of the most promising targets of powder bed fusion technologies. Not only additively manufactured lattices offer great lightweighting possibilities but they also open the way to tailored and graded mechanical response. To best capitalize on this opportunity, research effort is first needed to assess the feasibility of reticular structures and to quantify the expected deviations from the nominal geometry, as a function of the cell topology and dimensions. Notwithstanding the inherent suitability of additive processes to complex shapes, this paper proposes a more exact definition of the technological boundaries for body‐centered cubic lattices, showing to what extent specific dimensional ratios, as well as a self‐supporting cell structure, can be favorable to minimize the deviation from the nominal reticulum in terms of dimensions, density, and presence of defects.
Bonding Strength and Fracture Properties of Al (021)/Al2CuMg (001) Interface and Ag‐Doped Modification: A First‐Principles Study
Authors: Li Bingkang , Wang Junkai , Zhang Chuan-Hui
Published: September 2022

The Al (021)/Al2CuMg (001) interface models based on experimental orientation relationship are constructed, the structure, work of adhesion, tensile strength, stacking fault energy (GSFE), doping modification, and electronic structure are investigated by first‐principles calculations. The CuMg‐terminated interface evolves into Al2‐terminated interface, which is consistent with experimental observations. Due to stronger bond strength, the M1‐type interface has higher work of adhesion (2.023 J m−2) and tensile strength (6.78 GPa) than these of M2‐type interface. Meanwhile, Ag doping can enhance the tensile strength of M2‐type interface to 6.63 GPa. By calculating the 2 d plot of GSFE, it is found that most slip directions for all interfaces are [110], [010], and [100] directions in Al2CuMg, respectively. Doping Ag atom improves the antislip ability of the M2‐type interface and further influences the tensile and slip properties of the Al/Al2CuMg interface. The charge density difference, electron localization function, and partial density of states demonstrate that the metallic and covalent bonds are mainly formed by Al‐2p orbitals at the interface, so the charge distribution of atoms in the vicinity of the interface is affected by the extranuclear electron of doping Ag atom.
Quantum Advantage in a Molecular Spintronic Engine that Harvests Thermal Fluctuation Energy
Authors: Chowrira Bhavishya , Kandpal Lalit , Lamblin Mathieu , Ngassam Franck , Kouakou Charles‐Ambroise , Zafar Talha , Mertz Damien , Vileno Bertrand , Kieber Christophe , Versini Gilles , Gobaut Benoit , Joly Loïc , Ferté Tom , Monteblanco Elmer , Bahouka Armel , Bernard Romain , Mohapatra Sambit , Prima Garcia Helena , Elidrissi Safaa , Gavara Miguel , Sternitzky Emmanuel , Da Costa Victor , Hehn Michel , Montaigne François , Choueikani Fadi , Ohresser Philippe , Lacour Daniel , Weber Wolfgang , Boukari Samy , Alouani Mebarek , Bowen Martin
Published: September 2022

Recent theory and experiments have showcased how to harness quantum mechanics to assemble heat/information engines with efficiencies that surpass the classical Carnot limit. So far, this has required atomic engines that are driven by cumbersome external electromagnetic sources. Here, using molecular spintronics, an implementation that is both electronic and autonomous is proposed. The spintronic quantum engine heuristically deploys several known quantum assets by having a chain of spin qubits formed by the paramagnetic Co center of phthalocyanine (Pc) molecules electronically interact with electron‐spin‐selecting Fe/C60 interfaces. Density functional calculations reveal that transport fluctuations across the interface can stabilize spin coherence on the Co paramagnetic centers, which host spin flip processes. Across vertical molecular nanodevices, enduring dc current generation, output power above room temperature, two quantum thermodynamical signatures of the engine's processes, and a record 89% spin polarization of current across the Fe/C60 interface are measured. It is crucially this electron spin selection that forces, through demonic feedback and control, charge current to flow against the built‐in potential barrier. Further research into spintronic quantum engines, insight into the quantum information processes within spintronic technologies, and retooling the spintronic‐based information technology chain, can help accelerate the transition to clean energy.
Design and Synthesis of a π‐Conjugated N‐Heteroaromatic Material for Aqueous Zinc–Organic Batteries with Ultrahigh Rate and Extremely Long Life
Authors: Li Senlin , Shang Jian , Li Meilin , Xu Minwei , Zeng Fanbin , Yin Hang , Tang Yongbing , Han Cuiping , Cheng Hui‐Ming
Published: September 2022

Electroactive organic materials with tailored functional groups are of great importance for aqueous Zn–organic batteries due to their green and renewable nature. Herein, a completely new N‐heteroaromatic material, hexaazatrinaphthalene‐phenazine (HATN‐PNZ) is designed and synthesized, by an acid‐catalyzed condensation reaction, and its use as an ultrahigh performance cathode for Zn‐ion batteries demonstrated. Compared with phenazine monomer, it is revealed that the π‐conjugated structure of N‐heteroaromatics can effectively increase electron delocalization, thereby improving its electrical conductivity. Furthermore, the enlarged aromatic structure noticeably suppresses its dissolution in aqueous electrolytes, thus enabling high structural stability. As expected, the HATN‐PNZ cathode delivers a large reversible capacity of 257 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1, ultrahigh rate capability of 144 mAh g−1 at 100 A g−1, and an extremely long cycle life of 45 000 cycles at 50 A g−1. Investigation of the charge‐storage mechanism demonstrates the synergistic coordination of both Zn2+ and H+ cations with the phenanthroline groups, with Zn2+ first followed by H+, accompanying the reversible formation of zinc hydroxide sulfate hydrate. This work provides a molecular‐engineering strategy for superior organic materials and adds new insights to understand the charge‐storage behavior of aqueous Zn–organic batteries.
Multibioinspired Soft Grasping Actuators with Laser‐Induced Multiscale Microstructures
Authors: Zhang Chenchu , Zhao Linhan , Chen Renfei , Cao Rui , Zhao Qiangqiang , Wang Chaowei , Hu Ying , Wu Dong
Published: September 2022

Soft robotics has been widely adopted in numerous applications of soft grippers, which utilize compliance to achieve superior grasping performances with excellent simplicity, adaptability, and robustness. The critical concerns for soft grippers are insufficient grasping ability and the limitation of functions. Herein, a multibionic soft gripper with multiscale microstructures is demonstrated, featuring light weight (12 mg), versatility, and endurance to heavy dust. The multibionic gripper mimics the grasping structure of eagle claws, the friction‐increasing structure of gecko feet, and the shining structural color on butterfly wings. External laser stimuli allow the grasping of various objects and precise measurement of the target sizes. The soft actuator realizes a systematic bionic function rather than a single bionic function, providing new possibilities for miniaturization, environmental adaptation, and multifunctionality of grasping actuators.
Sex differences in lymphoma incidence and mortality by subtype: A population‐based study
Authors: Radkiewicz Cecilia , Bruchfeld Johanna B. , Weibull Caroline E. , Jeppesen Mathias L. , Frederiksen Henrik , Lambe Mats , Jakobsen Lasse , El‐Galaly Tarec C. , Smedby Karin E. , Wästerlid Tove
Published: September 2022

It is well established that the male sex is associated with increased risk for, as well as poorer survival of, most cancers. A similar pattern has been described in lymphomas but has not yet been comprehensively assessed. In this nationwide population‐based cohort study, we used the Swedish Lymphoma Register to investigate sex differences in lymphoma subtype incidence and excess mortality in adults (age 18–99) diagnosed in 2000–2019. Male‐to‐female incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and excess mortality ratios (EMRs) adjusted for age and calendar year were predicted using Poisson regression. We identified 36 795 lymphoma cases, 20 738 (56.4%) in men and 16 057 (43.6%) in women. Men were at significantly higher risk of 14 out of 16 lymphoma subtypes with IRRs ranging from 1.15 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09–1.22) in follicular lymphoma to 5.95 (95% CI 4.89–7.24) in hairy cell leukemia. EMRs >1 were seen in 13 out of 16 lymphoma subtypes indicating higher mortality in men, although only statistically significant for classical Hodgkin lymphoma 1.26 (95% CI 1.04–1.54), aggressive lymphoma not otherwise specified 1.29 (95% CI 1.08–1.55), and small lymphocytic lymphoma 1.52 (95% CI 1.11–2.07). A corresponding analysis using data from the Danish Lymphoma Register was performed with comparable results. In conclusion, we demonstrate a significantly higher incidence and trend toward higher mortality in men for most lymphoma subtypes. Future studies with large patient material that include detailed clinicopathological prognostic factors are warranted to further delineate and explain sex differences in lymphoma survival to enable optimal management of lymphoma patients regardless of sex.
Familial Bainbridge‐Ropers syndrome: Report of familial ASXL3 inheritance and a milder phenotype
Authors: Schirwani Schaida , Woods Emily , Koolen David A. , Ockeloen Charlotte W. , Lynch Sally Ann , Kavanagh Karl , Graham John M. , Grand Katheryn , Pierson Tyler Mark , Chung Jeffrey M. , Balasubramanian Meena
Published: September 2022

De novo truncating and splicing pathogenic variants in the Additional Sex Combs‐Like 3 (ASXL3) gene are known to cause neurodevelopmental delay, intellectual disability, behavioral difficulties, hypotonia, feeding problems and characteristic facial features. We previously reported 45 patients with ASXL3‐related disorder including three individuals with a familial variant. Here we report the detailed clinical and molecular characteristics of these three families with inherited ASXL3‐related disorder. First, a father and son with c.2791_2792del p.Gln931fs pathogenic variant. The second, a mother, daughter and son with c.4534C > T, p.Gln1512Ter pathogenic variant. The third, a mother and her daughter with c.4441dup, p.Leu1481fs maternally inherited pathogenic variant. This report demonstrates intrafamilial phenotypic heterogeneity and confirms heritability of ASXL3‐related disorder.
Contextualizing bilateral asymmetry and gender: A multivariate approach to femoral cross‐sectional geometry at rural Medieval Pieve di Pava, Italy
Authors: Kinkopf Katherine M. , Agarwal Sabrina C. , Giuffra Valentina , Minozzi Simona , Campana Stefano , Caramella Davide , Riccomi Giulia
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Our objective was to identify the relationship between biocultural factors of sex‐gender and age and patterns of femoral cross‐sectional geometry with historical evidence about labor and activity from an archeological skeletal sample excavated from the rural Medieval site Pieve di Pava.

Materials and Methods

The study site, Pieve di Pava, was a rural parish cemetery in Tuscany with osteoarcheological remains from the 7th to 12th centuries. Cross‐sectional geometric analysis of femora from 110 individuals dated to the 10th‐12th centuries were used to examine trends in bone quantity, shape, and bending strength between age and sex groups, as well as in clusters identified through Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA).

Results

Overall, our study sample showed remarkable heterogeneity and our cluster analysis revealed a complex underlying structure, indicating that divisions of labor did not follow a strict gender binary in our sample. We found high levels of bilateral asymmetry in our sample in multiple cross‐sectional areas for a significant proportion of the population. We found minimal differences between age groups or sex.

Discussion

Our results suggest that males and females had varied experiences of labor and work during their lives that did not reflect the strict binary gender roles sometimes documented for medieval Europe. One important axis of difference is the direction and magnitude of bilateral asymmetry observed in our femur sample, which is associated with divergent trends in section moduli and bone area measures.
Synthesis of a Systematic 64‐Membered Heparan Sulfate Tetrasaccharide Library
Authors: Baryal Kedar N. , Ramadan Sherif , Su Guowei , Huo Changxin , Zhao Yuetao , Liu Jian , Hsieh‐Wilson Linda C. , Huang Xuefei
Published: September 2022

Heparan sulfate (HS) has multifaceted biological activities. To date, no libraries of HS oligosaccharides bearing systematically varied sulfation structures are available owing to the challenges in synthesizing a large number of HS oligosaccharides. To overcome the obstacles and expedite the synthesis, a divergent approach was designed, where 64 HS tetrasaccharides covering all possible structures of 2‐O‐, 6‐O‐ andN‐sulfation with the glucosamine‐glucuronic acid‐glucosamine‐iduronic acid backbone were successfully produced from asinglestrategically protected tetrasaccharide intermediate. This extensive library helped identify the structural requirements for HS sequences to have strong fibroblast growth factor‐2 binding but a weak affinity for platelet factor‐4. Such a strategy to separate out these two interactions could lead to new HS‐based potential therapeutics without the dangerous adverse effect of heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia.
Highly Controllable Nanoassemblies of Luminescent Gold Nanoparticles with Abnormal Disassembly‐Induced Emission Enhancement for In Vivo Imaging Applications
Authors: Zhou Kai , Cai Wei , Tan Yue , Zhao Zhipeng , Liu Jinbin
Published: September 2022

Assembly‐induced emission enhancement has been widely observed for luminophors but it causes emission decrease after disassembly. The construction of unique nanoassemblies with disassembly‐induced emission enhancement (DIEE) is demanded. Herein, by taking advantages of alterable siloxane bridge crosslinking states, we report a facile strategy to fabricate water‐soluble nanoassemblies of luminescent gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with abnormal DIEE. The fabricated AuNP nanoassemblies with dominant interparticle crosslinking showed a redshifted emission at ≈1070 nm with quantum yields (QYs) of 1.8 %. After disassembly, the nanoassemblies with increased intraparticle crosslinking exhibited a unique DIEE (>6 folds, QYs, 12 %) due to the enhanced ligand‐to‐metal charge transition. Besides, the disassembly facilitated renal clearance of AuNPs to reduce nonspecific retention in the body, opening new possibilities for designing highly emissive renal‐clearable nanostructures toward more bioapplications.
Electronic Materials: An Antiaromatic Propeller Made from the Four‐Fold Fusion of Tetraoxa[8]circulene and Perylene Diimides
Authors: Pedersen Viktor B. R. , Pedersen Stephan K. , Jin Zexin , Kofod Nicolaj , Laursen Bo W. , Baryshnikov Glib V. , Nuckolls Colin , Pittelkow Michael
Published: September 2022

The synthesis of an antiaromatic tetraoxa[8]circulene annulated with four perylene diimides (PDI), giving a dynamic non‐planar π‐conjugated system, is described. The molecule contains 32 aromatic rings surrounding one formally antiaromatic planarized cyclooctatetraene (COT). The intense absorption (ϵ=3.35×105 M−1 cm−1 in CH2Cl2) and emission bands are assigned to internal charge‐transfer transitions in the combined PDI‐circulene π‐system. The spectroscopic data is supported by density functional theory calculations, and nuclear independent chemical shift calculation indicate that the antiaromatic COT has increased aromaticity in the reduced state. Electrochemical studies show that the compound can reversibly reach the tetra‐ and octa‐anionic states by reduction of the four PDI units, and the deca‐anionic state by reduction of the central COT ring. The material functions effectively in bulk hetero junction solar cells as a non‐fullerene acceptor, reaching a power conversion efficiency of 6.4 %.
A Photoelectrochemical Nanoreactor for Single‐Cell Sampling and Near Zero‐Background Faradaic Detection of Intracellular microRNA
Authors: Wang Hai‐Yan , Xu Yi‐Tong , Wang Bing , Yu Si‐Yuan , Shi Xiao‐Mei , Zhao Wei‐Wei , Jiang Dechen , Chen Hong‐Yuan , Xu Jing‐Juan
Published: September 2022

Rational utilization of the rich light‐bio‐matter interplay taking place in single‐cell analysis represents a new technological direction in the field. The light‐fueled operation is expected to achieve advanced photoelectrochemical (PEC) single‐cell analysis with unknown possibilities. Here, a PEC nanoreactor capable of single‐cell sampling and near zero‐background Faradaic detection of intracellular microRNA (miR) is devised by the construction of a small reaction chamber accommodating the target‐triggered hybridization chain reaction for binding the metallointercalator of [Ru(bpy)2(dppz)]2+ as the signal reporter. Light stimulation of the dsDNA/metallointercalator adduct will induce the generation of photocurrents, underpinning a zero‐biased and near zero‐background PEC method toward Faradaic detection of non‐electrogenic miR at the single‐cell level. Using this nanotool, lower miR concentration in the near‐nucleus region than that in the main cytosol was revealed.
Belimumab use during pregnancy: Interim results of the belimumab pregnancy registry
Authors: Juliao Patricia , Wurst Keele , Pimenta Jeanne M. , Gemzoe Kim , Landy Helain , Moody M. Anthony , Tilson Hugh , Covington Deborah , Moore Tammy , Marino Rebecca , Gilbride Jennifer , Liu Andrew , Meizlik Paige , Petri Michelle
Published: September 2022

Background

Belimumab is approved for active, autoantibody‐positive systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis, but limited data exist regarding its use in pregnancy. The Belimumab Pregnancy Registry (BPR, GSK Study BEL114256; NCT01532310) was created to evaluate pregnancy and infant outcomes following belimumab exposure.

Methods

Individuals with SLE exposed to belimumab from 4 months before and/or during pregnancy can enroll into the BPR. The primary outcome is major birth defects; secondary outcomes include miscarriages, stillbirths, elective termination, pre‐term birth, neonatal death, small for gestational age, and adverse infant outcomes during the first year of life. Belimumab exposure timing, concomitant medications, and other potential confounding factors are also collected. Data up to March 8, 2021, are reported descriptively.

Results

From an expected sample size target of 500 prospective pregnancies with a known outcome, only 55 were enrolled in the study. Among these, two pregnancy losses and 53 pregnancies with a live birth outcome were reported. Ten of the 53 live birth pregnancies resulted in a major birth defect. Ten pregnancies were enrolled after the pregnancy outcome occurred and were examined retrospectively (four live births with no defects, four miscarriages, and two elective terminations). There was no indication or pattern of birth defects associated with belimumab.

Conclusions

Low recruitment numbers for the BPR and incomplete information limit the conclusions regarding belimumab exposure during pregnancy. There was no pattern or common mechanism of birth defects associated with belimumab within the BPR data.
Reduction of infant mortality from congenital heart defects in a middle‐income country: Costa Rican experience
Authors: Benavides‐Lara Adriana , Barboza‐Argüello María de la Paz , Arguedas‐Arguedas Olga , Faerron‐Angel Jorge Enrique , da Cruz Eduardo M.
Published: September 2022

Background

We aimed to analyze recent infant and neonatal mortality from congenital heart defects (CHD) in Costa Rica, a middle‐income country where CHD mortality was above expectations.

Methods

A descriptive analysis of infant and neonatal mortality rates from CHD (IMR‐CHD and NMR‐CHD) during 2000–2019 was performed, according to province, sex, specific CHD, and sub‐period, using data from the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses. We used joinpoint regression to identify any calendar‐year where a significant change in trend occurred; the average annual percent change (AAPC) was determined. Using Poisson regression, marginal means and mortality ratios (MR) for IMR‐CHD and NMR‐CHD by sub‐period (2000–2006–referent‐, 2007–2013, 2014–2019) were estimated and compared using Wald's chi‐square tests (α ≤ .05).

Results

During 2000–2019, CHD accounted for 12% of overall infant mortality. IMR‐CHD and NMR‐CHD decreased linearly over the study period (AAPC = −3.4; p < .01). IMR‐CHD decreased by 41%, from 13.6 per 10,000 in 2000–2006 (13.4% of infant mortality) to 8.1 per 10,000 in 2014–2019 (10% of infant mortality) (MR = 0.59; 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 0.52–0.68). NMR‐CHD decreased by 38%, from 7.9 per 10,000 in 2000–2006 (11.1% of neonatal mortality) to 4.9 per 10,000 in 2014–2019 (7.9% of infant mortality) (MR = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.52–0.68). Male presented significantly higher NMR‐CHD. The main causes of mortality (2014–2019) were total anomalous pulmonary venous connections, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, and double inlet ventricle.

Conclusions

IMR‐CHD, NMR‐CHD, and their proportional contribution to mortality by all causes and by birth defects decreased significantly, demonstrating that all improvements implemented in the last decades have yielded favorable results.
Conjugation strategies of DNA to gold nanoparticles
Authors: Choi Da Yeon , Kim Suhyun , Oh Jeong‐Wook , Nam Jwa‐Min
Published: September 2022

DNA‐modified gold nanoparticles (NPs) have been extensively explored in various applications including the construction of three‐dimensional (3D) assembly architectures and biomedical applications. As ligand molecules, DNA strands can facilitate the building block function of gold NPs due to the inherent nature of DNA bonding, that is, Watson–Crick base pairing. In addition, the negative electrostatic character of DNA backbones renders colloidal gold NPs stability and robustness under various aqueous environments. Therefore, DNA conjugation to gold NP surfaces is a key step for stabilizing, controlling, and utilizing DNA‐modified gold NPs, and the working conjugation strategy should be employed and implemented for a specific application. This review covers various DNA conjugation strategies to gold NPs with fundamental binding features of DNA strands with varying functional groups to gold NP surfaces. DNA grafting density and directional grafting strategies on gold NPs are also discussed, which is a key factor to construct 3D NP assembly architectures via DNA hybridization.
Predicting individual learning performance using machine‐learning hybridized with the teaching‐learning‐based optimization
Authors: Arashpour Mehrdad , Golafshani Emad M. , Parthiban Rajendran , Lamborn Julia , Kashani Alireza , Li Heng , Farzanehfar Parisa
Published: September 2022

Reliable prediction of individual learning performance can facilitate timely support to students and improve the learning experience. In this study, two well‐known machine‐learning techniques, that is, support vector machine (SVM) and artificial neural network (ANN), are hybridized by teaching–learning‐based optimizer (TLBO) to reliably predict the student exam performance (fail‐pass classes and final exam scores). For the defined classification and regression problems, the TLBO algorithm carries out the feature selection process of both ANN and SVM techniques in which the optimal combination of the input variables is determined. Moreover, the ANN architecture is determined using the TLBO algorithm parallel to the feature selection process. Finally, four hybrid models containing anonymized information on both discrete and continuous variables were developed using a comprehensive data set for learning analytics. This study provides scientific utility by developing hybridized machine‐learning models and TLBO, which can improve the predictions of student exam performance. In practice, individual performance prediction can help to advise students about their academic progress and to take appropriate actions such as dropping units in subsequent teaching periods. It can also help scholarship providers to monitor student progress and provision of support.
Two New Eremophilane‐Type Sesquiterpenoids from Ligularia sagitta
Authors: Chen Wan‐Hong , Yang Hong‐Ying , Wang Yu‐Xian , Wen Mei‐Lian , Yang Zhong‐Duo , Chen Jian‐Jun
Published: September 2022

Two new eremophilane‐type sesquiterpenoids, sagittacins F and G (1 and 2), together with one known isomer of sagittacin F (3) were isolated from the leaves and stems of Ligularia sagitta. Their structures were elucidated by interpretation of spectroscopic data and the absolute configurations of 1 and 3 were determined by X‐ray spectroscopy. Compound 1 belongs to a rare class of eremophilane‐type sesquiterpenoid featuring an α‐oriented hydroxy group at C‐1. A nitric oxide (NO) production inhibitory assay was applied to evaluate their anti‐inflammatory activities by using LPS‐induced RAW 264.7 cells. Compounds 2 and 3 exhibited modest NO production inhibitions with IC50 values of 45.15±2.72 and 49.83±2.34 μM, respectively.
Heterocyclic and Alkyne Terpenoids by Terpene Synthase‐Mediated Biotransformation of Non‐Natural Prenyl Diphosphates: Access to New Fragrances and Probes
Authors: Weigel Benjamin , Ludwig Jeanette , Weber Roman A. , Ludwig Steve , Lennicke Claudia , Schrank Paul , Davari Mehdi D. , Nagia Mohamed , Wessjohann Ludger A.
Published: September 2022

Two terpene cyclases were used as biocatalytic tool, namely, limonene synthase from Cannabis sativa (CLS) and 5‐epi‐aristolochene synthase (TEAS) from Nicotiana tabacum. They showed significant substrate flexibility towards non‐natural prenyl diphosphates to form novel terpenoids, including core oxa‐ and thia‐heterocycles and alkyne‐modified terpenoids. We elucidated the structures of five novel monoterpene‐analogues and a known sesquiterpene‐analogue. These results reflected the terpene synthases′ ability and promiscuity to broaden the pool of terpenoids with structurally complex analogues. Docking studies highlight an on‐off conversion of the unnatural substrates.
Chemically Enhanced Immunogenicity of Bacteria by Supramolecular Functionalization with an Adjuvant
Authors: Duszenko Nikolas , van Willigen Danny M. , Bunschoten Anton , Velders Aldrik H. , Roestenberg Meta , van Leeuwen Fijs W. B.
Published: September 2022

Many pathogens blunt immune responses because they lack immunogenic structural features, which typically results in disease. Here, we show evidence suggesting that pathogen immunogenicity can be chemically enhanced. Using supramolecular host‐guest chemistry, we complexed onto the surface of a poorly immunogenic bacterium (Staphylococcus aureus) a TLR7 agonist‐based adjuvant. “Adjuvanted” bacteria were readily recognized by macrophages and induced a more pro‐inflammatory immunophenotype. Future applications of this concept could yield treatment modalities that bolster the immune system's response to pathogenic microbes.
Keep your eye on…
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: September 2022

The link between toe walking and physical activity

Genetic links to suicide

Lack of attention to eyes in children with ADHD
Social (pragmatic) communication disorder: Has it proven to be a useful diagnostic category?
Authors: Walters Anne S.
Published: September 2022

At the last revision of the DSM‐5, social (pragmatic) communication disorder was included as a new psychiatric disorder under the broader category of communication disorders (APA, 2013). Symptoms are designated as deficits in social aspects of communication, examples of which are greeting and sharing information, changing communication to meet the needs of the listener, using verbal and nonverbal abilities when interacting with others, and understanding implicit language. Symptoms must cause functional impairment and have their origins in the developmental period. The specification of this disorder was meant to differentiate it from typical specific language impairments such as phonological processing deficits and/or fluency disorders.
An Integrated Cathode Engineered by Hierarchical Honeycomb‐Like Copper‐Molybdenum Sulfide Nanosheets for Hybrid Supercapacitor with Improved Energy Storage Capability
Authors: Li Chao , Li Longbo , Liu Qiong , Liu Lu , Zha Ruhua , Zhang Yu , Li Qing , Fang Linxia
Published: September 2022

The construction of integrated electrodes has been considered as a sensible strategy to boost the electrochemical properties of supercapacitors, which feature improved electron and ion transfer kinetics. In this work, a facile and easy‐controlled synthetic methodology has been established to assemble hierarchical honeycomb‐like copper‐molybdenum sulfide nanosheets (Cu−Mo−S NSs) on a three‐dimensional (3D) porous nickel foam substrate as integrated cathodes for hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs). As expected, the Cu−Mo−S NSs deliver exceptional electrochemical properties including an areal capacity of 1.39 mAh cm−2 at 2 mA cm−2, a superb rate capability (0.86 mAh cm−2 at 20 mA cm−2), and especially, a prominent cycling lifespan with 95.3 % capacity retention after 10000 cycles. Moreover, the as‐obtained Cu−Mo−S NSs are used as integrated cathodes to pair with iron oxide particles encapsulated in reduced graphene oxide (Fe2O3@rGO) as anodes for assembling Cu−Mo−S NSs//Fe2O3@rGO HSCs, which can deliver superior energy density of 79.04 Wh kg−1 and exceptional cyclic stability with 94.9 % capacity retention after 10000 cycles.
Robust Spirobifluorene Core Based Hole Transporters with High Mobility for Long‐Life Green Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Devices
Authors: Nagamura Natsuo , Sasabe Hisahiro , Sato Hiroki , Ito Nozomi , Abe Shoki , Sukegawa Yoshihito , Yokoyama Daisuke , Kaji Hironori , Kido Junji
Published: September 2022

Using a tailored high triplet energy hole transport layer (HTL) is a suitable way to improve the efficiency and extend the lifetime of organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs), which can use all molecular excitons of singlets and triplets. In this study, dibenzofuran (DBF)‐end‐capped and spirobifluorene (SBF) core‐based HTLs referred as TDBFSBF1 and TDBFSBF2 were effectively developed. TDBFSBF1 exhibited a high glass transition temperature of 178 °C and triplet energy of 2.5 eV. Moreover, a high external quantum efficiency of 22.0 %, long operational lifetime at 50 % of the initial luminance of 89,000 h, and low driving voltage at 1000 cd m−2 of 2.95 V were achieved in green phosphorescent OLEDs using TDBFSBF1. Further, a high‐hole mobility μh value of 1.9×10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1 was recorded in TDBFSBF2. A multiscale simulation successfully reproduced the experimental μh values and indicated that the reorganization energy was the primary factor in determining the mobility differences among these SBF core based HTLs.
Agar Plate‐Based Screening Approach for the Identification of Enzyme‐Catalyzed Oxidations
Authors: Kinner Alina , Lütz Stephan , Rosenthal Katrin
Published: September 2022

Biocatalytic oxidation reactions are in high demand. Among the applied enzymes, the heme‐thiolate enzyme subfamily of unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs), which relies on hydrogen peroxide as cosubstrate and oxidant, has generated great interest. Almost two decades after their first description, databases provide thousands of putative UPO sequences, but only a few enzymes have been characterized. To address this gap, efficient screening methods for the identification of novel UPOs are necessary. Here, a new screening strategy is presented based on solid cultivation of wild‐type fungi. The identification of a promising candidate strain highlights the applicability of this approach.
Reducing smearing effect in contribution plots and improving fault detection via polynomial approximated isomap embeddings
Authors: Alakent Burak
Published: September 2022

Dimension reduction is an essential method used in multivariate statistical process monitoring for fault detection and diagnosis. Principal component analysis (PCA) and independent component analysis (ICA) are the most frequently used linear dimensional reduction tools, and the contribution plot is the most popular fault isolation method in the absence of any prior information on the faults. These methods, however, come with their shortcomings. The fault detection capability of linear methods may not be sufficient for non‐linear processes, and smearing effect is known to deteriorate the diagnostics obtained from contribution plots. While the fault detection rate may be increased by kernelized methods or deep artificial neural network models, tuning data‐dependent hyperparameter(s) and network structure with limited historical data is not an easy task. Furthermore, the resulting non‐linear models often do not directly possess fault isolation capability. In the current study, we aim to devise a novel method named ICApIso‐PCA, which offers non‐linear fault detection and isolation in a rather straightforward manner. The rationale of ICApIso‐PCA mainly involves building a non‐linear scores matrix, composed of principal component scores and high‐order polynomial approximated isomap embeddings, followed by implementation of the ICA‐PCA algorithm on this matrix. Applications on a toy dataset and the Tennessee Eastman plant show that theI2index from ICApIso‐PCA yields a high fault detection rate and offers accurate contribution plots with diminished smearing effects compared to those from traditional monitoring methods. Easy implementation and the potential for future research are further advantages of the proposed method.
Practical Synthesis of NFSI Derivatives through ArSO2NHF without F2
Authors: Zhang Yu‐Yang , Xu Xiu‐Hua , Qing Feng‐Ling
Published: September 2022

Comprehensive Summary

N‐Fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI) is one of the most popular fluorine‐containing reagents for fluorination, imidation, sulfonylation, and oxidation reactions. Consequently, a variety of NFSI derivatives were designed and synthesized to modify the reactivity and/or selectivity of the parent reagent. However, the hazardous F2 was inevitably required for the synthesis of NFSI derivatives. Herein, we disclosed a practical synthesis of various NFSI derivatives without F2 in common organic chemistry laboratories. This synthetic protocol started from NFSI through pyridine‐promoted desulfonylation for formation of N‐fluoroarenesulfonamide (ArSO2NHF) and followed by condensation with arenesulfonyl chlorides. The reduction potentials and fluorinating reactivities of these NFSI derivatives demonstrated that NFSI derivatives bearing the electron‐withdrawing groups on benzene ring had the higher oxidizing and fluorinating abilities than NFSI.
DFT Insights into the Variety in the Coordination Modes of the Equatorial Halides in [Au13Ag12(PR3)10X8]+ (X=Cl/Br) Clusters
Authors: Wu Xiaohang , Weng Shiyin , Lv Ying , He Shuping , Yu Haizhu
Published: September 2022

The bonding character within metal nanoclusters represents an intriguing topic, shedding light on the inherent driving force for the packing preference in nanomaterials. Herein, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were conducted to investigate the correlation of the series of isomeric [Au13Ag12(PR3)10X8]+ (X=Cl/Br) clusters, which are mainly differentiated by the coordination mode of the equatorial halides (μ2‐, μ3‐ and μ4‐) in the rod‐like, bi‐icosahedral framework. The theoretical simulation corroborates the variety in the configuration of the Au13Ag12 clusters and elucidates the fast isomerization kinetics among the different configurations. The easy tautomerization and the variety in chloride binding modes correspond to a fluxionality character of the equatorial halides and are verified by the potential energy curve analysis. The structural flexibility of the central Au3Ag10 block is the main driving force, while the relatively stronger Ag−X bonding interaction (compared to that of Au−X), and a sufficient number of halides are also requisite for the associating Ag−X tautomerizations.
English as an additional language (EAL): Decolonising provision and practice
Authors: Welply Oakleigh
Published: September 2022

This paper examines ways in which approaches to English as Additional Language (EAL) can be decolonised in schools. In an attempt to break traditional divides between academic research and pedagogical practice in this area, this article adopts a collaborative perspective, between an EAL advisory and support teacher and an academic member of staff working in university. Drawing on dialogues and co‐analysis with EAL practitioners, this article reflects on limitations of current provision and practice and suggests alternative, decolonial and anti‐racist approaches to the education of EAL students. At both school and university level, ‘one size fits all approaches’ tend to negate the deep historical, social and political roots and contexts which underpin the experiences of ‘EAL students’ at different levels of education. Issues related to equitable assessment, inclusion, linguistic support and anti‐racism tend to be side lined in favour of a focus on language proficiency and attainment, which most often overshadows the complex experiences and needs of students labelled ‘EAL’. In this respect, the questions of relevant, decentred and decolonised curricula and forms of assessment that can promote inclusion for students who have experienced migration and are placed in monolingual educational environments in the UK are crucial. Through a decolonial perspective on the curriculum, language and pedagogical practice, inspired by postcolonial studies and Critical Race Theory, this paper discusses three main areas that emerged as crucial to a deeper and critical engagement with English as an Additional Language and the experience of students: (1) the need for a critical reflection on ideas of inclusion and mainstreaming; (2) active anti‐racist work in schools and initial teacher training; and (3) decolonising assessment.
A novel relay‐aided centralized cooperative spectrum sensing scheme using radio frequency energy harvesting
Authors: Majumdar Suvaditya , Thakur Chandrima , Chattopadhyay Sudipta
Published: September 2022

In a cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) network, the primary signal can be used as a radio frequency (RF) source in order to power the energy‐constrained sensor nodes of the secondary network. This work presents a novel hybrid model combining an optimal relay selection scheme to incorporate RF energy harvesting in a centralized CSS network. The secondary users, which are equipped with RF energy harvesting capabilities, act as relays in order to forward the sensing information to a fusion center. Here, we have derived an enhanced multi‐relay selection strategy to maximize the end‐to‐end signal‐to‐noise ratio of the links. Furthermore, a new voting rule is proposed based on the generalized K‐out‐of‐M rule, such that it minimizes our objective error function. The performance analysis of our proposed model is presented with respect to the flexible relay positions. We have used complementary receiver operating characteristic curves for analyzing the detection performance of the CSS model with our derived voting rule. Simulation results using MATLAB show that the proposed model gives a better detection probability and a smaller error rate than some related existing works.
Interpretable deep learning‐based hippocampal sclerosis classification
Authors: Kim Dohyun , Lee Jungtae , Moon Jangsup , Moon Taesup
Published: September 2022

Objective

To evaluate the performance of a deep learning model for hippocampal sclerosis classification on the clinical dataset and suggest plausible visual interpretation for the model prediction.

Methods

T2‐weighted oblique coronal images of the brain MRI epilepsy protocol performed on patients were used. The training set included 320 participants with 160 no, 100 left and 60 right hippocampal sclerosis, and cross‐validation was implemented. The test set consisted of 302 participants with 252 no, 25 left and 25 right hippocampal sclerosis. As the test set was imbalanced, we took an average of the accuracy achieved within each group to measure a balanced accuracy for multiclass and binary classifications. The dataset was composed to include not only healthy participants but also participants with abnormalities besides hippocampal sclerosis in the control group. We visualized the reasons for the model prediction using the layer‐wise relevance propagation method.

Results

When evaluated on the validation of the training set, we achieved multiclass and binary classification accuracy of 87.5% and 88.8% from the voting ensemble of six models. Evaluated on the test sets, we achieved multiclass and binary classification accuracy of 91.5% and 89.76%. The distinctly sparse visual interpretations were provided for each individual participant and group to suggest the contribution of each input voxel to the prediction on the MRI.

Significance

The current interpretable deep learning‐based model is promising for adapting effectively to clinical settings by utilizing commonly used data, such as MRI, with realistic abnormalities faced by neurologists to support the diagnosis of hippocampal sclerosis with plausible visual interpretation.