bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thirty-Nine Years in the Lives of Mothers
Authors: Wolfinger Nicholas H. , McKeever Matthew
Published: November 2024

In this chapter, the authors turn to data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth’s (NLSY) 1979 cohort, a panel data set whose respondents have been re-interviewed annually or biennially. These data allow the reader to follow a sample of several thousand young women for almost 40 years to explore the long-term consequences of single motherhood. The survey also allows us to see what these women were like before they became mothers. Chapter 5 is comparable to Chapter 2 in that the authors focus on changing attributes over the study period. The results are clear: women who become single mothers, even if they subsequently get married, have much lower incomes for decades compared to continuously married women. Single mothers, especially women who give birth out of wedlock, are disadvantaged in many other ways—and this is often observable long before women first become mothers. In particular, never-married mothers are likely to hail from less privileged families.
Attitudes toward Your Research and Your Collaborators
Authors: Vidair Hilary B. , Gustafson Pam L. , Feindler Eva L.
Published: November 2024

Chapter 6 focuses on maintaining positive attitudes toward research and collaborators when conducting a research or scholarly project (e.g., a dissertation or thesis) in an applied graduate program in psychology, mental health, or education. First, the chapter reviews the importance of staying current in the literature and being skeptical about outcomes, open-minded, and aware of biases. Second, attitudes toward research-informed practice, particularly the local clinical scientist model, are discussed. Third, the chapter describes ways students can remain positive about working on a research team and balance multiple roles. It then discusses being committed to making midcourse corrections on a project. Finally, students are encouraged to revisit the stages of change and related processes that can help. An accompanying table is designed to help procrastinating students find potential solutions. Another table helps students generate more positive attitudes about receiving feedback.
Skills for Finalizing Your Final Project
Authors: Vidair Hilary B. , Gustafson Pam L. , Feindler Eva L.
Published: November 2024

Chapter 8 focuses on the skills students in applied graduate programs in psychology, mental health, and education need to successfully finalize a research or scholarly project (e.g., a dissertation or thesis). It begins with ways to continue writing a final project once it has been conducted. The chapter then describes how to analyze data and write the results and discussion sections. A worksheet is provided to help students prepare these sections and track their progress. Skills for successfully working with a chair at this stage are described, as well as how to share results with professionals in an applied setting. A table to help with keeping a project’s timeline on track is included. Steps for finalizing a full draft are reviewed. The chapter reviews preparation for the defense meeting and includes a table to evaluate defense readiness. Suggestions for remediation are provided. The chapter concludes with practical strategies for presenting and publishing.
Face-to-face or face-to-screen: A quantitative comparison of conferences modalities
Authors: Zajdela Emma R , Huynh Kimberly , Feig Andrew L , Wiener Richard J , Abrams Daniel M
Published: November 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic forced a societal shift from in-person to virtual activities, including scientific conferences. As society navigates a “new normal,” the question arises as to the advantages and disadvantages of these alternative modalities. We introduce two new comprehensive datasets enabling direct comparison between virtual and in-person conferences: the first, from a series of nine small conferences, encompasses over 12,000 pairs of potential scientific collaborators across five virtual and four in-person meetings on a range of scientific topics; the expressed goal of these conferences is to create novel collaborations. The second dataset, from a series of three large physics conferences, encompasses >250,000 possible pairs of scientific collaborators. Our study provides quantitative insight into benefits and drawbacks of virtual and in-person conferences for team formation, community building, and engagement. We demonstrate the causal role of formal interaction on team formation across both modalities. Our findings show that formal interaction impacted team formation significantly more in virtual settings, while informal interaction played a larger role at in-person conferences as compared with virtual. We show that a nonlinear memory model for predicting team formation based on interaction outperforms seven alternative models. The model suggests that prior knowledge and interaction time contribute to catalyzing collaborations in both settings. Our results underscore the critical responsibility of organizers for optimizing professional interactions, whether virtual or in-person.
Roles of the lamin A-specific tail region in the localization to sites of nuclear envelope rupture
Authors: Kono Yohei , Pack Chan-Gi , Ichikawa Takehiko , Komatsubara Arata , Adam Stephen A , Miyazawa Keisuke , Rolas Loïc , Nourshargh Sussan , Medalia Ohad , Goldman Robert D , Fukuma Takeshi , Kimura Hiroshi , Shimi Takeshi
Published: November 2024

The nuclear lamina (NL) lines the nuclear envelope (NE) to maintain nuclear structure in metazoan cells. The major NL components, the nuclear lamins contribute to the protection against NE rupture induced by mechanical stress. Lamin A (LA) and a short form of the splicing variant lamin C (LC) are diffused from the nucleoplasm to sites of NE rupture in immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). LA localization to the rupture sites is significantly slow and weak compared with LC, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, wild-type (WT), Hutchinson–Gilford Progeria syndrome (HGPS) knock-in MEFs expressing progerin (PG, an LA mutant lacking the second proteolytic cleavage site), and LA/C-knockout MEFs transiently and heterogeneously expressing LA/C WTs and mutants fused to mEmerald are examined before and after NE rupture induced by single-cell compression and laser microirradiation. The farnesylation at the CaaX motif of unprocessed LA and the inhibition of the second proteolytic cleavage decrease the nucleoplasmic pool and slow the localization to the rupture sites in a long-time window (60–70 min) after the induction of NE rupture. Our data could explain the defective repair of NE rupture in HGPS through the farnesylation at the CaaX motif of unprocessed progerin. In addition, unique segments in LA-specific tail region cooperate with each other to inhibit the rapid accumulation within a short-time window (3 min) that is also observed with LC.
Homologous-adhering/targeting cell membrane- and cell-mediated delivery systems: a cancer-catch-cancer strategy in cancer therapy
Authors: Liu Chenguang , Gao Jingjie , Cheng Yuying , Zhang Shanshan , Fu Caiyun
Published: November 2024

Low tumor enrichment remains a serious and urgent problem for drug delivery in cancer therapy. Accurate targeting of tumor sites is still a critical aim in cancer therapy. Though there have been a variety of delivery strategies to improve the tumor targeting and enrichment, biological barriers still cause most delivered guests to fail or be excreted before they work. Recently, cell membrane-based systems have attracted a huge amount of attention due to their advantages such as easy access, good biocompatibility and immune escape, which contribute to their biomimetic structures and specific surface proteins. Furthermore, cancer cell membrane-based delivery systems are referred to as homologous-targeting function in which they exhibit significantly high adhesion and internalization to homologous-type tumor sites or cells even though the exact mechanism is not entirely revealed. Here, we summarize the sources and characterizations of cancer cell membrane systems, including reconstructed single or hybrid membrane-based nano-/microcarriers, as well as engineered cancer cells. Additionally, advanced applications of these cancer cell membrane systems in cancer therapy are categorized and summarized according to the components of membranes. The potential factors related to homologous targeting of cancer cell membrane-based systems are also discussed. By discussing the applications, challenges and opportunities, we expect the cancer cell membrane-based homologous-targeting systems to have a far-reaching development in preclinic or clinics.
Clearing clouds of uncertainty—a principled approach to determining what qualifies as an ‘accident’ under the Montreal Convention
Authors: Mohamed Hassan
Published: November 2024

The revival of international air travel in the wake of the receding COVID-19 pandemic has refocused the spotlight on the inherent hazards of carriage by air. From a legal perspective, the focal issue is whether any of those air travel-related incidents that may result in passenger death or bodily injury are compensable accidents. This article examines the meaning and scope of the term ‘accident’ under Article 17(1) of the 1999 Montreal Convention (MC99)—the exclusive regime for air carrier liability within international air transportation. The term ‘accident’ is a condition precedent to air carrier liability but has been left undefined by the drafters of MC99, leaving it to national courts to interpret its meaning. Accordingly, the article utilizes a doctrinal and normative methodology to review a select body of case law drawn primarily from common law jurisdictions. It proceeds to identify a set of ten principles that would guide future courts to ascertain whether an alleged event qualifies as an ‘accident’ consistently and predictably. The article also discusses the controversial interpretation of ‘accident’ by the Court of Justice of the European Union, signaling judicial discord, and sheds light on the consequent implications, especially in regard to MC99’s pursuit of global uniformity and achieving a fair balance of interests between passengers and air carriers.
Introgression and Mapping of a Novel Bacterial Blight Resistance Gene xa49(t) from Oryza rufipogon acc. CR100098A into O. sativa
Authors: Bhatia Sukhpreet Kaur , Vikal Yogesh , Kaur Pavneet , Dhillon Gurmanpuneet Singh , Kaur Gurwinder , Neelam Kumari , Malik Palvi , Lore Jagjeet Singh , Khanna Renu , Singh Kuldeep
Published: November 2024

Bacterial blight (BB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is one of the epidemic diseases in rice. Rapid changes in the pathogenicity of the X. oryzae pv. oryzae pathogen demand the identification and characterization of novel BB resistance genes. Here, we report the transfer and mapping of a new BB resistance gene from Oryza rufipogon acc. CR100098A. Inheritance studies on the BC2F2 population, BC2F3 progenies, and backcross-derived recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between Pusa44/ O. rufipogon acc. CR100098A//2*PR114 showed that a single recessive gene confers resistance in O. rufipogon acc. CR100098A. Bulked segregant analysis using 203 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers localized the BB resistance gene on chromosome 11 bracketed between two SSR markers, RM27235 and RM2136. Using PR114 and O. rufipogon acc. CR100098A genotyping by sequencing data, 86 KASP markers within the bracketed region were designed and tested for bulked segregant analysis. Only five KASP markers showed polymorphism between parents, and three were associated with the target gene. Seventy-seven new SSR markers were designed from the same interval. A total of 33 polymorphic markers were analyzed on the whole population and mapped the BB gene in an interval of 2.8 cM flanked by SSR markers PAU11_65 and PAU11_44 within a physical distance of 376.3 kb. The BB resistance gene mapped in this study is putatively new and designated as xa49(t). Fourteen putative candidate genes were identified within the xa49(t) region having a role in biotic stress resistance. The linked markers to the xa49(t) gene were validated in other rice cultivars for its successful deployment in BB resistance breeding.
Impacts of circadian disruptions on behavioral rhythms in mice
Authors: Ma Changxiao , Shen Bingyi , Chen Lihong , Yang Guangrui
Published: November 2024

Circadian rhythms are fundamental biological processes that recur approximately every 24 h, with the sleep–wake cycle or circadian behavior being a well‐known example. In the field of chronobiology, mice serve as valuable model animals for studying mammalian circadian rhythms due to their genetic similarity to humans and the availability of various genetic tools for manipulation. Monitoring locomotor activity in mice provides valuable insights into the impact of various conditions or disturbances on circadian behavior. In this review, we summarized the effects of disturbance of biological rhythms on circadian behavior in mice. External factors, especially light exert a significant impact on circadian behavior. Additionally, feeding timing, food composition, ambient temperature, and physical exercise contribute to variations in the behavior of the mouse. Internal factors, including gender, age, genetic background, and clock gene mutation or deletion, are effective as well. Understanding the effects of circadian disturbances on murine behavior is essential for gaining insights into the underlying mechanisms of circadian regulation and developing potential therapeutic interventions for circadian‐related disorders in humans.
The roles of mTORC1 in parathyroid gland function in chronic kidney disease‐induced secondary hyperparathyroidism: Evidence from male genetic mouse models and clinical data
Authors: Khalaily Nareman , Hassan Alia , Khream Yasmeen , Naveh‐Many Tally , Ben‐Dov Iddo Z.
Published: November 2024

Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHP) associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) contributes to morbidity and mortality, yet the related parathyroid signaling pathways are not fully understood. Previous studies have indicated that the parathyroid mTORC1 pathway is activated in both experimental CKD and hypocalcemia‐induced SHP. Furthermore, mice with parathyroid‐specific mTOR deficiency (PT‐mTOR−/−) exhibit disrupted parathyroid glands, but maintain normal serum PTH levels. Conversely, PT‐Tsc1−/− mice, with mTORC1 hyperactivation, have enlarged glands and high serum PTH and calcium levels. We now uncover links between mTORC1 function, parathyroid gland morphology, and the response to CKD. Despite impaired gland structure, PT‐mTOR−/− mice increased serum PTH to levels similar to controls in response to CKD, but not to acute kidney injury (AKI), highlighting the adaptability of their parathyroid glands to chronic but not acute stimulation. PT‐Tsc1−/− mice, with enlarged glands also exhibited a CKD‐induced rise in serum PTH comparable to controls, but with a reduced magnitude, suggesting compromised secretion capacity. Parathyroid glands from PT‐Tsc1−/− mice displayed sustained high PTH secretion in culture, with no further increase when exposed to calcium‐depleted media, unlike control glands. Complementing these findings, human data from 106 healthcare organizations demonstrated that drug‐induced mTORC1 inhibition is associated with reduced serum PTH and a lower incidence of SHP in kidney transplant recipients. Collectively, our findings underscore the complex interplay between mTORC1 signaling and gland structure in the pathogenesis of SHP.
Stigma and lack of access to quality healthcare in the transgender population
Authors: Kelton Kara
Published: November 2024

More than 1.6 million US adults identify as transgender (that is, a gender different than the one traditionally associated with the biologic sex assigned to them at birth). These patients suffer from healthcare inequity and lack of access to healthcare, causing a public health crisis. This article seeks to raise awareness of this issue and encourage clinicians and healthcare systems to make meaningful changes to reduce healthcare stigma for transgender patients.
Comparative Analysis of Pregnancy Outcomes in Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy and Conventional In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer: A Stratified Examination on the Basis of the Quantity of Oocytes and Blastocysts From a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hu Min , Liu Mingxi , Tian Siqi , Guo Ling , Zang Zhaowen , Chen Zi-Jiang , Li Yan
Published: November 2024

(Abstracted from Fertil Steril 2024;122:121–130)

Recent advances in assisted reproductive technology have increased the ability of many couples to have children, with more than 8 million children being born using in vitro fertilization (IVF) since the technique was first introduced. Though IVF increases the chance of a pregnancy, implantation failure and miscarriage can still occur.
Intestinal Drug Absorption After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Elective Neurosurgery: Insights From Esomeprazole Pharmacokinetics
Authors: Kranawetter Beate , Brockmöller Jürgen , Sindern Juliane , Hapke Anne , Bruns Ellen , Harnisch Lars-Olav , Moerer Onnen , Stenzig Justus , Mielke Dorothee , Rohde Veit , Abboud Tammam
Published: November 2024

OBJECTIVES:

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) may critically impair cardiovascular, metabolic, and gastrointestinal function. Previous research has demonstrated compromised drug absorption in this group of patients. This study aimed to examine the impact of SAH on gastrointestinal function and its subsequent effect on the absorption of enterally administered drugs, using esomeprazole as a probe drug.

DESIGN:

Prospective observational cohort study.

SETTING:

Academic hospital in Germany.

PATIENTS:

We included 17 patients with high-grade SAH and 17 controls, comparable in age, sex, body weight, and renal function, who underwent elective cranial surgery.

INTERVENTIONS:

None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:

Both groups received esomeprazole per standard protocol to prevent acid-associated mucosal damage, either orally or through a nasogastric tube. On day 4, esomeprazole was administered IV to estimate oral bioavailability. Esomeprazole serum concentrations were measured on days 1, 3, and 4 in both groups and on day 7 in the SAH group. Patients with high-grade SAH exhibited severely impaired drug absorption. Most patients showed no improvement in intestinal drug absorption even a week after hemorrhage.

CONCLUSIONS:

Following SAH, significantly reduced drug absorption may be attributed to decreased intestinal motility and compromised intestinal mucosal function. Clinicians should anticipate the reduced effectiveness of enterally administered medications for at least seven days after high-grade SAH.
Agency Nurse Usage of Infusion Interoperability
Authors: Smith Lindsey , Savage Beth
Published: November 2024

Over the past several years, hospitals have utilized agency staffing to combat staffing shortages. Increased use of agency staffing presented an opportunity for implementation of an education project related to the potential variance in practice of permanent staffing, specifically with the use of infusion interoperability in the inpatient setting at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center St Margaret hospital. Discussion around variables causing agency nurse setbacks with utilizing infusion interoperability while trying to meet the required standard laid the groundwork for this project. Improving agency workflows allowed for process improvement including enhanced quality, documentation, and adherence. Early data analysis revealed variance in adherence between agency and permanent staffing prompting further analysis. Investigational methods included assessment of agency nurse infusion interoperability usage through interviews and observations, review of adherence reports, review of education and onboarding, and interviewing of nurse leaders. Findings suggested lack of experience, inability to troubleshoot, and underutilized resources contributed to lower adherence with agency compared with permanent staff. These findings lead the informaticists to make changes to the curriculum for new hire onboarding, increase rounding and interactions with agency staff, and increase access to resources. These interventions resulted in increased adherence scores and verbalized satisfaction by the agency nurses.
From an Informatics Lens
Authors: Young Lisa , Johnson Alisha H. , Reeder Blaine P. , Vogelsmeier Amy
Published: November 2024

Dashboards display hospital quality and patient safety measures aimed to improve patient outcomes. Although literature establishes dashboards aid quality and performance improvement initiatives, research is limited from the frontline nurse manager's perspective. This study characterizes factors influencing hospital nurse managers' use of dashboards for unit-level quality and performance improvement with suggestions for dashboard design. Using a descriptive qualitative design, semistructured interviews were conducted with 11 hospital nurse managers from a health system in the Midwestern United States. Thematic analysis was used to describe four perceived factors influencing dashboard use: external, data, technology features, and personal. External factors included regulatory standards, professional standards of care, organizational expectations, and organizational resources. Data factors included dashboard data quality and usefulness. Technology features included preference for simple, interactive, and customizable visual displays. Personal factors included inherent nurse manager qualities and knowledge. Guidelines for dashboard design involve display of required relevant quality measures that are accurate, timely, useful, and usable. Future research should involve hospital nurse managers in user-centered design to ensure dashboards are favorable for use. Further, opportunities exist for nurse manager informatics training and education on dashboard use in preparation for their role and responsibilities in unit-level quality and performance improvement.
Plasma FSTL-1 as a noninvasive diagnostic biomarker for patients with advanced liver fibrosis
Authors: Li Wenzhu , Chi Yongquan , Xiao Xuan , Li Junda , Sun Mingmin , Sun Shanke , Xu Wei , Zhang Long , Li Xiaoguo , Cheng Feng , Qi Xiaolong , Rao Jianhua
Published: November 2024

Background and Aims:

Reliable novel noninvasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of advanced liver fibrosis are urgently needed in clinical practice. We aimed to investigate the accuracy of plasma Follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL-1) in the diagnosis of advanced liver fibrosis in chronic liver diseases.

Approach and Results:﻿

We collected cross-sectional clinical data for a derivation cohort (n = 86) and a validation cohort (n = 431), totaling 517 subjects with liver biopsy. Advanced liver fibrosis was defined by the METAVIR pathological score (F ≥3). Dual cutoff values for diagnosis were explored. In the derivation cohort, plasma FSTL-1 levels were significantly elevated in patients with advanced liver fibrosis, with an AUROC of 0.85 (95% CI, 0.75–0.96). In the validation cohort, plasma FSTL-1 maintained good diagnostic performance, with an AUROC of 0.88 (95% CI, 0.83–0.92). Plasma FSTL-1 levels were significantly associated with individual histological features of the METAVIR scoring system, including interface hepatitis, lobular necrosis, and hepatocellular ballooning (p < 0.0001). A cutoff value ≤ 0.43 ng/mL was the optimal rule-out threshold, with a sensitivity of 84.62% (95% CI, 76.46%–90.30%) and a specificity of 79.51% (95% CI, 74.81%–83.53%), while ≥0.50 ng/mL was the best rule-in threshold, with a specificity of 86.41% (95% CI, 81.06%–90.43%) and a sensitivity of 70.67% (95% CI, 64.41%–76.23%).

Conclusions:

Plasma FSTL-1 has high diagnostic accuracy and could potentially reduce the need for liver biopsy in identifying patients with advanced liver fibrosis.
A New Method to Measure Ocular Surface Sensitivity: Repeatability and Reproducibility of the Liquid Jet Esthesiometer
Authors: Ehrmann Klaus , Talens-Estarelles Cristian , Stapleton Fiona , Truong Brenda , Chen Jessica , Golebiowski Blanka
Published: November 2024

Objectives:

To assess the reliability of the liquid jet esthesiometer (LJA) for measurement of corneal sensitivity.

Methods:

Two separate studies were conducted to assess intrasession repeatability (study 1) and intersession reproducibility (study 2) of corneal sensitivity measured using the LJA. Thirty participants (13 female and 17 male participants, age 23±6 years) participated in study 1 and another 30 (18 female and 12 male participants, 35±10 years) participated in study 2. For study 1, mechanical sensation threshold of the central cornea was measured three times on the same day, with a 30-min break between repeats. For study 2, central corneal sensation threshold was measured on five different days by one of eight randomly assigned examiners.

Results:

Corneal sensation thresholds obtained in studies 1 and 2 were 2.3±1.0 and 2.5±1.2 μL, respectively. No significant differences between repeated measurements were obtained in either study (P≥0.19). Thresholds were lower (i.e., corneal sensitivity was higher) in female than male participants (2.1±1.0 vs. 2.7±0.9 μL in male participants, P=0.02) but were not affected by contact lens wear. Clinical reliability of the LJA was good for intrasession repeatability (coefficient of repeatability ±1.6 μL, intraclass correlation coefficient 0.74, within-subject coefficient of variation (CVW) 24%) and moderate for intersession reproducibility (Coefficient of Reproducibility ±2.2 μL, CVW 32%). Measurement variability was independent of threshold level (P=0.84).

Conclusions:

The LJA offers good clinical repeatability and is a reliable tool to measure corneal sensitivity in different population groups, regardless of stimulus thresholds. Day-to-day fluctuations in corneal sensitivity probably account for the relatively lower reproducibility.
A Scoping Review of Motor and Language Measurement Tools Used in Early Childhood Research
Authors: DeVeney Shari , Chaudhary Priyanka , Heyne Brooke , Rech John , Dinkel Danae
Published: November 2024

Early childhood is a critical period characterized by rapid development of motor and language skills. Reliably assessing motor and language development in early childhood is difficult, and there is a lack of agreement on measurement tool use. This scoping review aims to identify measurement tools used to examine motor and language skills in infants and young children (0–5 years) when the relationship between these two domains is studied. A scoping review of existing literature on motor and communication skills was conducted across studies measuring gross and/or fine motor and language development in children aged 0–5 years. Systematic searches were conducted in six online databases using carefully selected keywords and search parameters. The resulting corpus of existing literature was reviewed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses. Sixty motor and 99 language measurement tools were found. The most used measurement tools for motor and language skills were the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddlers Development, Ages and Stages Questionnaire, Mullen Scales of Early Learning, MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories, Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, and Gross Motor Function Classification System. Of these, the measurements used to address language skills did not include reference to all language aspects, particularly lacking were emphasis on skills associated with phonology, morphology, and pragmatics with more focused attention on the semantic language component. This study refines existing knowledge about commonly used early childhood measurement tools. This may help to inform research and encourage consistent measurement use across studies as well as in clinical practice to improve reliable comparisons across outcomes and use measurement tools with diagnostic purpose. Further, a broader inclusion of discrete language components within measurement tools is warranted to better determine the rich, nuanced relationship between early motor and language skills.
The relationship between meeting workplace accommodation needs and job disruptions among Canadians working with disabilities: A cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Jessiman-Perreault Geneviève , Smith Peter , Thompson Aaron , Gignac Monique A. M.
Published: November 2024

Objective

This research explores whether having accommodation needs met reduces job disruptions.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey (n = 955) of Canadians working with physical and/or mental/cognitive disabilities was used to assess the association between having workplace accommodations (i.e., flexibility, modifications) needs met and four types of job disruptions. Analyses used marginal effects models to adjust for demographic and work context variables.

Results

Participants with work modification needs met had a 7.7% decrease in lost work time. Participants with workplace flexibility needs met had a 9.9% percent increase in lost work time. Having workplace flexibility or modification needs met were not associated with the other job disruption outcomes.

Conclusions:

Modifications may help to reduce lost work time for workers with disabilities. Flexibility may increase lost time which is explained by it enabling workers to attend to personal needs during working hours.
The impact of air pollution on acute angle-closure glaucoma in Hefei, China, 2017-2022: a time-series study
Authors: Zhang Si-Tian , Wang Li-Qing , Fang Yan-Cheng , Shen Wen-Bin , Li Ying-Long , Sun Bing , Li Yong-Rong , Huang Xue-Hai , Liu He-Ting , Huang Fen , Zhou Yan-Feng
Published: November 2024

Objective: The study investigated the effects of air pollutants on the incidence of acute angle-closure glaucoma (AACG) in Hefei, China.

Methods: A combination of generalized additive models (GAM) and distributed lag non-linear models (DLNM) was used to explore the relationship between air pollutants and the incidence of AACG.

Results: Exposure-response curves showed that exposure to PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, CO, and O3 were all positively correlated with the onset of AACG. Among them, NO2, and CO having higher relative risk values for AACG onset.

Conclusions: This study highlighted the potential risks of these pollutants and expanded the knowledge of the environmental role in AACG incidence, which will encourage local governments to adopt policy measures and guidance to improve public health.
Association between the occupation of pregnant women’s partners and risks of infant low birth weight and preterm birth in a prospective birth cohort: the Japan Environment and Children’s Study
Authors: Kobayashi Sumitaka , Saijo Yasuaki , Iwata Hiroyoshi , Yamaguchi Takeshi , Tamura Naomi , Itoh Mariko , Tojo Maki , Ito Yoshiya , Kishi Reiko ,   The Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS) Group
Published: November 2024

Objective

We examined the association between the occupations of pregnant women’s partners and infant low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth (PB).

Methods

Birth outcome data were collected from 46,540 participants enrolled in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study. Participants were recruited from January 2011 to March 2014. Associations between the occupations of pregnant women’s partners and birth outcomes were examined using logistic regression models adjusted for confounding factors.

Results

LBW and PB incidences were 7.5% and 4.1%, respectively. In the major occupational group, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of LBW for clerical (1.19; 1.03-1.37) and service workers (1.21; 1.05-1.39) were higher than those for professional and engineering workers. However, no associations existed between the major occupational groups of the pregnant women’s partners and PB.

Conclusion

Partner’s employment in clerical and service work increases the risk for LBW.
Psychosocial Stress at Work and Risks for Burnout Among Hotel Workers
Authors: Rosemberg Marie-Anne S. , Ghosh Bidisha , Jun Jin , Armijo Julianne , Marriott Deanna J
Published: November 2024

Objective

Hotel workers are at risk for burnout. We tested the association between effort-reward imbalance (ERI) and burnout.

Methods

Participants were recruited through social media and completed an online survey. ERI and burnout were analyzed using an adjusted multivariable regression model.

Results

224 hotel workers were surveyed. 83% were female, 38% were guest room attendants, and 19% were in leadership. Most were white (62%), non-unionized (78%), and worked full-time (76%). The mean age was 39.4 (SD = 13). The mean burnout score was 41.8 (SD = 6.6, range of 20.0-59.0). 50.5% of participants reported high ERI, especially among leadership, food workers, and guest room attendants.

Conclusions

High ERI was associated with higher burnout. Older age was associated with reduced burnout. Hotel workers experience high levels of stress. Targeted interventions are necessary to foster coping and mitigate risk factors.
GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Induced Eustachian Tube Dysfunction: Database and Systematic Review of Otolaryngologic Adverse Events
Authors: Pak Kaitlynne Y. , Cutri Raffaello M. , Nadeem Wasiq , Kothari Dhruv , Wong Yu-Tung , Wu Arthur W. , Miller Mia E.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have gained traction in the management of obesity. There is limited literature on the implications of GLP-1 RAs in the field of otolaryngology.

Methods

We explore the association between GLP-1 RAs with eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) and patulous ETD (PETD) by review of cases, literature, and the FDA adverse event database (FAERS). We also performed a systematic review using the PRISMA guidelines.

Results

We present autophony and aural fullness following GLP-1 agonist use. In both cases, nasal endoscopy confirmed significant loss of tissue bulk of the anterior and posterior ET cushions. The total number of adverse events (AEs) with GLP-1 RAs was 97,237. The proportion of otologic AEs was 958 (0.99%): 515 hypoacusis, 203 vertigo, 97 deafness, 93 tinnitus, 22 ear pain, 21 motion sickness, 5 hyperacusis, 2 ear fullness, and 0 autophony. The largest number of potential ETD-related AEs occurred with dulaglutide (417). The greatest proportion of potential ETD-related AEs occurred with exenatide (1.52%) followed by semaglutide (1.17%) and liraglutide (1.16%). The systematic review using PRISMA guidelines yielded 1,490 initial articles, of which 937 were screened and 10 met the inclusion criteria. The top 3 identified otologic side effects included nasopharyngitis, sinusitis, unspecified dizziness.

Discussion

Ear complaints due to GLP-1 RAs have been reported previously. However, this is the first report of PETD associated with GLP-1 RAs. While literature on GLP-1 RAs and PETD is currently limited, the mechanism is well established as reports of PETD after rapid weight loss, especially in bariatric surgery, are well known. Given the rising use of GLP-1 RAs for weight loss, clinicians should be vigilant in screening for otolaryngologic side effects, especially PET, in this population.

Conclusion

Otolaryngologists should be aware and monitor for possible otolaryngologic side effects, particularly PETD, with GLP-1 RA use.
Validation of the FF680 upper-arm blood pressure monitor according to the ISO 81060-2:2018
Authors: Chen Hao
Published: November 2024

This study evaluated the accuracy of blood pressure measurement in adults using FF680 electronic blood pressure monitors with the Korotkoff-Sound method, in accordance with the ISO 81060-2:2018. The study was conducted at Shijiazhuang People’s Hospital and lasted 56 days, from 26 May to 21 July 2023. Participants, drawn from an adult demographic, underwent data verification and analysis with strict adherence to the trial protocol. For the FF680 electronic blood pressure monitor using the Korotkoff-Sound method, data from 85 valid participants were analyzed. The findings revealed mean differences (SDs) of −0.66 mmHg (2.45 mmHg) for SBP and −0.28 mmHg (2.09 mmHg) for DBP. SBP and DBP had SDs of ≤6.9 and ≤6.95 mmHg, meeting the standard requirements. FF680 devices are recommended for adult blood pressure monitoring because they meet the ISO 81060-2:2018.
Abnormal spirometry in individuals with a smoking history and no known obstructive lung disease: current understanding and clinical implications
Authors: Tong Kevin , Moll Matthew , Wan Emily S.
Published: November 2024

Purpose of review

Recent recognition of the importance of abnormal spirometry without obstruction has generated interest in its epidemiology, risk factors, longitudinal outcomes, and clinical implications.

Recent findings

Preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm), defined as an forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/ forced vital capacity (FVC) ≥0.7 with an FEV1 <80% predicted, has a high prevalence globally (2.4–16.7%) and is more common in individuals with metabolic comorbidities, smoking history, female sex, and higher BMI. PRISm is associated with increased respiratory symptoms and poor clinical outcomes such as increased all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events compared to normal spirometry. Longitudinal studies show substantial subsets of individuals with PRISm will transition to other spirometric categories, including progression to obstruction. Individuals with PRISm are heterogeneous; recent investigations have focused on subtyping PRISm based on spirometric features or pathobiologically-based phenotypes.

PRISm is a common spirometric abnormality which is robustly associated with negative outcomes. However, current knowledge gaps with respect to heterogeneity, specific etiologies, and longitudinal progression preclude the development of universal evidence-based diagnostic and management strategies. At present, clinicians are advised to focus on risk factor modification (e.g., diabetes, obesity) and the identification of actionable traits (e.g. emphysema, interstitial lung abnormalities) among patients with PRISm.
Characteristics and Readmission Risks Following Sepsis Discharges to Home
Authors: You Sang Bin , Song Jiyoun , Hsu Jesse Y. , Bowles Kathryn H.
Published: November 2024

Objective:

To examine the characteristics and risk factors associated with 30-day readmissions, including the impact of home health care (HHC), among older sepsis survivors transitioning from hospital to home.

Research Design:

Retrospective cohort study of the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV data (2008–2019), using generalized estimating equations (GEE) models adjusting for patient sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.

Subjects:

Sepsis admission episodes with in-hospital stays, aged over 65, and discharged home with or without HHC were included.

Measures:

The outcome was all-cause hospital readmission within 30 days following sepsis hospitalization. Covariates, including the primary predictor (HHC vs. Home discharges), were collected during hospital stays.

Results:

Among 9115 sepsis admissions involving 6822 patients discharged home (66.8% HHC, 33.2% Home), HHC patients, compared with those discharged without services, were older, had more comorbidities, longer hospital stays, more prior hospitalizations, more intensive care unit admissions, and higher rates of septic shock diagnoses. Despite higher illness severity in the HHC discharges, both groups had high 30-day readmission rates (30.2% HHC, 25.2% Home). GEE analyses revealed 14% higher odds of 30-day readmission for HHC discharges after adjusting for risk factors (aOR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.02–1.27; P=0.02).

Conclusions:

HHC discharges experienced higher 30-day readmission rates than those without, indicating the need for specialized care in HHC settings for sepsis survivors due to their complex health care needs. Attention to sepsis survivors, regardless of HHC receipt, is crucial given the high readmission rates in both groups. Further research is needed to optimize postacute care/interventions for older sepsis survivors.
Posttransplant cyclophosphamide: a universal graft versus host disease prophylaxis
Authors: Bacigalupo Andrea
Published: November 2024

Purpose of review

The purpose of this review is to outline current graft versus host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis, in the era of posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCY), in patients with malignant and nonmalignant hematologic disorders. The original combination of PTCY with a calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) and mycophenolate (MMF), reported from the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, was designed for patients receiving a graft from a donor mismatched at one haplotype, so called haploidentical donor (HAPLO). In the past decade, PTCY has been widely used in HAPLO transplants worldwide, confirming the amazing efficacy of PTCY in preventing GvHD in mismatched grafts.

Recent findings

More recently, PTCY is being tested also in grafts from human leukocyte antigen (HLA) identical related or unrelated donors. In the present review we will also answer several open questions, such as: PTCY and cardiac toxicity; PTCY dose; PTCY timing; PTCY and antithymocyte globulin (ATG); engraftment kinetics; infections; PTCY and leukemia relapse; PTCY and HLA identical grafts.

PTCY is currently one of the most effective measures to prevent GvHD, and can be customized in different transplant platforms, together with other immunosuppressive agents. There is place for improvement, and several possible modifications of PTCY dose and schedule can be tested in prospective trials.
Autologous Ovarian Tissue Transplantation: Preoperative Assessment and Preparation of the Patient
Authors: Turan Volkan , Oktem Ozgur
Published: November 2024

Importance

Ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) is an innovative and established fertility preservation method. More than 150 live births have been reported worldwide to date with the use of this strategy. OTC is one of the options to preserve fertility in prepubertal girls and for women who have time constraints and/or contraindications for ovarian stimulation for oocyte/embryo freezing before cancer treatment. The success rate of the ovarian tissue transplantation (OTT) depends on many interrelated factors. Therefore, preoperative evaluation and preparation of the candidate patients for the procedure are of paramount importance.

Objective

In this review, our aim was to provide a guide for the clinicians, which demonstrates step-by-step assessment and preparation of the patients and ovarian tissue samples for transplantation.

Evidence Acquisition

We searched for published articles in the PubMed database containing key words, such as OTT, OTC, preoperative assessment, primordial follicle density, and cancer, in the English-language literature until May 2024. We did not include abstracts or conference proceedings.

Results

OTT is still a developing method as an effective fertility preservation approach. It is essential to perform a thorough preoperative evaluation of the patient to improve the success rates of transplantation.

Conclusions and Relevance

Preoperative evaluation and preparation of women for ovarian transplantation surgery should include safety management to prevent reimplantation of malignant cells, transplanting ovarian tissue with minimum follicle loss and the decision of the best transfer site.

Target Audience

Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians.

Learning Objectives

After completing this activity, the learner will be better able to explain how to manage couples before ovarian transplantation surgery; describe commonly used sites for OTT; and discuss the procedures eliminating the presence of malignant cells in ovarian tissue fragment.
Immunohistochemical Investigation of the Proliferative Activity of Odontogenic Cysts and Tumors
Authors: Alsheddi Manal A.
Published: November 2024

Odontogenic cysts and tumors exhibit a broad spectrum of biological characteristics. Despite recent advances in understanding the complex nature of these lesions, relatively less is known about the molecular markers involved in key pathogenic steps, such as proliferation and differentiation. This study aimed to elucidate the expression patterns of p63 and Ki-67 in odontogenic lesions, which may influence the management strategies. Forty-two specimens from the archives of the Histopathology Laboratory, including conventional ameloblastoma, unicystic ameloblastoma, odontogenic keratocysts, dentigerous cysts, and orthokeratinized cysts, were analyzed. Immunohistochemistry was performed using antibodies against p63 and Ki-67. Digital image analysis was performed using an Aperio slide scanner and QuPath software. Ki-67 levels were higher in odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs), indicating a greater proliferative index, whereas p63 expression was significantly higher in ameloblastomas and OKCs than in dentigerous cysts. No significant difference in p63 expression was observed between the ameloblastoma types. The results revealed variable Ki-67 and p63 expression in the odontogenic epithelium of the investigated odontogenic lesions, suggesting their potential roles in the biological behavior and aggressiveness of these lesions. This study highlights the differential expression pattern of Ki-67 and p63 and their potential involvement in the pathogenesis of these rare lesions. In addition, the study reinforces the need for more comprehensive molecular analyses using a larger sample. The results contribute to a better understanding of the complex nature of these lesions, which may facilitate improving the management options of odontogenic cysts and tumors.
Open Disclosure Among General Practitioners as Second Victim of a Patient Safety Incident: A Cross-Sectional Study in Flanders (Belgium)
Authors: Neyens Laurens , Stouten Esther , Vanhaecht Kris , Mira José , Panella Massimiliano , Seys Deborah , Schoenmakers Birgitte
Published: November 2024

Background

The impact of a patient safety incident (PSI) on nurses and doctors in hospital settings has been studied in depth. However, the impact of a PSI on general practitioners and how those health care professionals can be supported are less clear.

Objectives

The objective of this study is to investigate the prevalence of GPs (in training) being personally involved in a PSI, as well as the impact, the support needed, and open disclosure in the aftermath of these PSIs.

Methods

A cross-sectional study, conducted between January 3, 2022, and March 5, 2022, led to a sample of 78 GPs or GPs in training in Flanders (Belgium). Participants filled in more than 80% of a questionnaire that measured the involvement in a PSI during the prior year and their entire career, and the impact in terms of emotional symptoms, attitudes, the support needed, and open disclosure were included.

Results

In total, 78 responses of GPs (in training) filled in the questionnaire, of which 87.2% were involved in a PSI over the course of their entire career and 55.1% during the prior year. Often, such a PSI resulted in permanent patient harm or patient death. The PSI that stuck with the GPs the most had many negative consequences for the GP in question, such as hypervigilance (88.2%) and feelings of guilt (82.4%), stress (79.4%), and shame (75.0%). More than half of the respondents involved want substantive clarity (64.4%), and in case of 51.7% of the respondents, an open discussion with the patient and/or family took place afterwards.

Conclusions

This study shows that GPs, even in training, can be negatively impacted after a PSI. Only half of the respondents were involved in an open disclosure process, but the ones involved had a positive feeling after disclosure. More support is needed for health care professionals in the aftermath of a PSI in primary care, and this support could enhance their involvement in the open disclosure process.