bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructural and cytochemical study on vitellogenesis in the diphyllidean cestode Echinobothrium euterpes (Echinobothriidae) and its phylogenetical implications
Authors: Świderski Zdzisław , Mackiewicz John , Eira Catarina , Miquel Jordi
Published: May 2011

The first description of vitellogenesis in the Diphyllidea is presented in this paper. Though the type of vitellogenesis and mature vitellocyte in Echinobothrium euterpes appear to be unique among the Eucestoda, however, they somewhat resemble that observed in the two orders of the lower cestodes, Tetraphyllidea and Proteocephalidea. Vitellocyte maturation is characterized by: (1) an increase in cell volume; (2) extensive development of short, parallel, frequently concentric cisternae of GER that produce dense proteinaceous granules; (3) development of Golgi complexes engaged in packaging this material; (4) progressive formation of saturated lipid droplets; their continuous enlargement and fusion; (5) formation of small accumulations of glycogen particles scattered between and among lipid droplets in the cytoplasm of maturing vitellocytes; (6) concentration of dense proteinaceous granules in the peripheral layer of cytoplasm, around the cell plasma membrane; and (7) vacuolization of cytoplasm of mature vitellocytes accompanied by a rapid increase in its volume. A new, unreported type of dense proteinaceous granules, situated around the limiting plasma membranes of mature vitellocytes, is described. Vitellogenesis evidently differs from that with typical shell-globules and shell-globule clusters previously reported in other taxa of lower cestodes. Cytochemical staining with periodic acidthiosemicarbazide-silver proteinate for glycogen indicates a strongly positive reaction for glycogen particles between and around large unsaturated lipid droplets of the maturing and mature vitellocytes. Some hypotheses concerning the interrelationship between this pattern of vitellogenesis, possible mode of egg formation, embryonic development and diphyllidean life cycle, and their phylogenetic implications are drawn and discussed.
Cosmocerca kalesari sp. nov. (Nematoda, Cosmocercidae) in Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis (Amphibia, Anura) from Kalesar Wildlife Sanctuary, Haryana, India
Authors: Rizvi Anjum , Bursey Charles , Bhutia Pasang
Published: May 2011

Cosmocerca kalesari sp. nov. from the large intestine of frogs, Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis, collected in the Kalesar Wildlife Sanctuary, India is described and photomicrographed. It is most similar to those species bearing 5 pairs of plectanes, i.e., C. acanthurum, C. banyulensis, C. cruzi, C. japonica, C. ornata, C. novaeguineae, C. paraguayensis, C. parva, C. podicipinus and C. travassosi, but differs from these species with the exception of C. cruzi and C. japonica in the length of spicules and length of gubernaculum. The new species can be separated from C. cruzi and C. japonica by the arrangement of postanal mammiliform papillae: 6 postanal pairs in C. kalesari sp. nov.; 4 postanal pairs in C. cruzi; no postanal mammiliform papillae in C. japonica. Cosmocerca kalesari sp. nov. represents the 25th species assigned to the genus, but only the second species from the Oriental region.
Molecular and morphological identification of helminthes found in Japanese smelt, Hypomesus transpacificus nipponensis, with notes on new host records of Eustrongylides ignotus and Raphidascaris gigi
Authors: Abe Niichiro
Published: May 2011

As an adult, Eustrongylides ignotus, recognized as a zoonotic parasite, is a parasitic nematode found in the gastrointestinal tract of fish-eating birds. As larvae, they are found in the connective tissue or body cavities of freshwater fish. In Japan, E. ignotus and E. tubifex have been found in three avian species, but their distribution in intermediate and paratenic hosts remains unclear. For this study, 16 commercial raw Japanese smelts, Hypomesus transpacificus nipponensis, were used for parasitological examination. A pinkish red worm collected from the abdominal wall of one smelt (6.3%) was identified as E. ignotus based on the high sequence similarity (99.9%) of the partial 18S ribosomal RNA gene and the morphology of its cephalic and caudal ends. Furthermore, a Raphidascaris-like nematode was found in the intestines of five smelts examined (31.3%) and was identified as R. gigi in view of the absence of lateral cuticular alae. Eustrongylides ignotus and R. gigi have been reported in various freshwater fish, but not in smelts. Therefore, this finding of E. ignotus and R. gigi in H. transpacificus nipponensis represents a new host record.
A new species of Demidospermus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea, Ancyrocephalidae) from the catfish Parapimelodus valenciennis in Samborombón Bay, Argentina
Authors: Marcotegui Paula , Martorelli Sergio
Published: May 2011

Demidospermus annulus sp. nov. (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea, Ancyrocephalidae) is described from the gills of the catfish Parapimelodus valenciennis Lütken collected in Samborombón Bay, Argentina. The new species differs from all congeneric species mainly by the structure of the accessory piece of the male copulatory organ, the sclerotized ring-shaped vaginal aperture and the dorsal bar articulation.
Model of the arc earth-fault for medium voltage networks
Authors: Marciniak Lubomir
Published: May 2011

In this paper the universal model of dynamic short-circuit arcs is presented for simulation of earth-fault in medium voltage networks. The model describes the entire arc short-circuit process: the ignition, the burning stage, the arc extinction and the increasing recovery voltage. Four alternative choices of the characteristics of the static arc are implemented and compared. Simulation results in medium voltage networks are described. Realistic current and voltage time dependencies are obtained.
Deleuze and the Filmic Diagram
Authors: Conley Tom
Published: May 2011

This article aims to consider how the ‘diagram’ or ‘little machine’ is integral to the dissociative, at once polyvocal and polymorphous writing that marks the work of Blanchot and that, in turn, informs the disjunctive – hence critical and productive – operation within the register of Deleuze's writings on cinema. I shall consider a number of Deleuze's ‘keywords’ or recurring formulas as diagrams, that is, as intermediate configurations at once visual and lexical, in order to show how, like rebuses or ideograms, they form collisions and ruptures of voice and graphic form, in order to bring forward the ‘outside’ of thought – what cannot be put into language yet is conveyed in language.
Actual Image | Virtual Cut: Schizoanalysis and Montage
Authors: Berressem Hanjo
Published: May 2011

If a machine is something that cuts into a continuous flow, schizoanalysis can be read, quite literally, as an analysis of cuts. In cinematic registers, it is an analysis of montage. Looking closely at a number of modes and moments of montage in the work of Alfred Hitchcock, this paper shows how his strategies of ‘reciprocally presupposing’ actual image and virtual montage relate to a Deleuzian poetics and politics of the cinema.
Synaptic Signals: Time Travelling Through the Brain in the Neuro-Image
Authors: Pisters Patricia
Published: May 2011

This essay presents some thoughts on schizoanalysis and visual culture around the proposition that cinema survives in the digital age as a type of image that, after the movement-image and the time-image, could be called the neuro-image. By considering clinical schizophrenia as ‘degree zero’ of schizoanalysis in a more critical sense, a reading of The Butterfly Effect unfolds the temporal dimensions of schizoanalysis as typical for a definition of ‘the neuro-image’. The argument is that the neuro-image speaks from the (always speculative) future.
Ocean Acidification and Coral Reefs: An Emerging Big Picture
Authors: Veron John E.N.
Published: May 2011

This article summarises the sometimes controversial contributions made by the different sciences to predict the path of ocean acidification impacts on the diversity of coral reefs during the present century. Although the seawater carbonate system has been known for a long time, the understanding of acidification impacts on marine biota is in its infancy. Most publications about ocean acidification are less than a decade old and over half are about coral reefs. Contributions from physiological studies, particularly of coral calcification, have covered such a wide spectrum of variables that no cohesive picture of the mechanisms involved has yet emerged. To date, these studies show that coral calcification varies with carbonate ion availability which, in turn controls aragonite saturation. They also reveal synergies between acidification and the better understood role of elevated temperature. Ecological studies are unlikely to reveal much detail except for the observations of the effects of carbon dioxide springs in reefs. Although ocean acidification events are not well constrained in the geological record, recent studies show that they are clearly linked to extinction events including four of the five greatest crises in the history of coral reefs. However, as ocean acidification is now occurring faster than at any know time in the past, future predictions based on past events are in unchartered waters. Pooled evidence to date indicates that ocean acidification will be severely affecting reefs by mid century and will have reduced them to ecologically collapsed carbonate platforms by the century’s end. This review concludes that most impacts will be synergistic and that the primary outcome will be a progressive reduction of species diversity correlated with habitat loss and widespread extinctions in most metazoan phyla.
Clinical Experiences with Radiation Induced Thyroid Cancer after Chernobyl
Authors: Reiners Christoph
Published: May 2011

The risk of developing thyroid cancer increases considerably after exposure to external or internal radiation, especially in children below the age of 10. After the Chernobyl reactor accident, the yearly incidence of childhood thyroid cancer in Belarus increased to approximately 40 per 1.000.000 in girls and to roughly 20 per 1.000.000 in boys compared to approximately 0.5 cases per 1.000.000 prior to the accident. Typically, young children with thyroid cancer after radiation exposure present in ≈95% of the cases as papillary cancers, in ≈50% as invasive tumors growing outside the thyroid capsule, in ≈65% with lymph node metastases and in ≈15% with distant metastases. A joint Belarusian-German project starting in April 1993 that combined treatment with surgery and radioiodine was organized in 237 selected children from Belarus who were exposed to the Chernobyl fallout and had advanced stages of thyroid cancer. The study group included 141 girls and 96 boys. Their median age at the time of the accident was 1.7 years; whereas the median age at the time of diagnosis was 12.4 years. With the exception of two cases with follicular histology, the majority of the patients had been diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancers. In 63%, the tumor had grown outside the thyroid capsule and invaded the tissue of the neck (pT4). Nearly all of the selected cases (96%) showed-up with lymph node metastases (pN1) and 43% of the patients with distant metastases mainly to the lungs (pM1). In 58% of the children, complete remissions of thyroid cancer could be achieved until December 31st 2010 and in 34% of the children, stable partial remissions; in the remaining 8% of the patients, partial remissions were observed. The risk of radiation-induced thyroid cancer increased considerably in children and adolescents who were affected by the Chernobyl reactor accident. In spite of the fact, that thyroid cancers in young children seem to behave more aggressively than in older patients, the results of combined treatment with thyroidectomy, radioiodine therapy and thyroid hormone replacement are excellent.
Supernovae, Neutrinos and the Chirality of Amino Acids
Authors: Boyd Richard N. , Kajino Toshitaka , Onaka Takashi
Published: May 2011

A mechanism for creating an enantioenrichment in the amino acids, the building blocks of the proteins, that involves global selection of one handedness by interactions between the amino acids and neutrinos from core-collapse supernovae is defined. The chiral selection involves the dependence of the interaction cross sections on the orientations of the spins of the neutrinos and the 14N nuclei in the amino acids, or in precursor molecules, which in turn couple to the molecular chirality. It also requires an asymmetric distribution of neutrinos emitted from the supernova. The subsequent chemical evolution and galactic mixing would ultimately populate the Galaxy with the selected species. The resulting amino acids could either be the source thereof on Earth, or could have triggered the chirality that was ultimately achieved for Earth’s proteinaceous amino acids.
Strontium Ions Substitution in Brushite Crystals: The Role of Strontium Chloride
Authors: Alkhraisat Mohammad H. , Rueda Carmen , López Cabarcos Enrique
Published: May 2011

The incorporation of strontium chloride to brushite cement was successful to introduce strontium ions within the lattice of brushite crystals. The effect of strontium ions on brushite cement properties was concentration dependent; such that, the addition of 5% and 10% (w/w) SrCl2 significantly increased the cement FST and the addition of 10% SrCl2 decreased the cement tensile strength. Further, cement weight loss was shown to be increased by cement modification with SrCl2. The combination of ionic substitution and the degradability of brushite cements would constitute a system for the local delivery of strontium ions in the treatment of osteoporosis.
Synthesis and Properties of a Chiroptically Active Oligomer from 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene and (–)-Myrtenal
Authors: Kawashima Hirotsugu , Goto Hiromasa
Published: May 2011

Oxidative polycondensation of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene and (–)-myrtenal was carried out with POCl3. A p-conjugated system thus constructed consists of aromatic and quinoidal alternating structure linked via methine groups. We examined iodine doping effect for the resultant material with electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Circular dichroism spectra in chloroform solution showed blue-shift with increase of iodine concentration. This result indicates that the doping process can tune chiroptical activity of the chiral π-conjugated system.
Microwave Assisted Synthesis and Unusual Coupling of Some Novel Pyrido[3,2-f][1,4]thiazepines
Authors: Faty Rasha M. , Youssef Mohamed M. , Youssef Ayman M.S.
Published: May 2011

3-Amino-3-thioxopropanamide (1) reacted with ethyl acetoacetate to form 6-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide (2), which reacted with α-haloketones 3 to produce 2,3-disubstituted-8-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H,5H-pyrido[3,2-f]-[1,4]thiazepin-5-ones 4a-c. Benzoylation of 4c led to the formation of the dibenzoate derivative 9. Compounds 4a-c could be prepared stepwise through the formation of S-alkylated derivatives 10a-c. Compounds 2, 4a-c, 9 and 10a-c were prepared using microwave as a source of heat, and gave better yields in shorter times than those achieved by traditional methods. Coupling of 4a-c with arenediazonium chlorides proceeded unusually to give the 6-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-(arylazo)thieno[2,3-b]pyridin-3(2H)-one ring contraction products 14. Structures of the newly synthesized compounds were proven by spectral and chemical methods.
Semi-solid Sucrose Stearate-Based Emulsions as Dermal Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Klang Victoria , Schwarz Julia C. , Matsko Nadejda , Rezvani Elham , El-Hagin Nivine , Wirth Michael , Valenta Claudia
Published: May 2011

Mild non-ionic sucrose ester surfactants can be employed to produce lipid-based drug delivery systems for dermal application. Moreover, sucrose esters of intermediate lipophilicity such as sucrose stearate S-970 possess a peculiar rheological behavior which can be employed to create highly viscous semi-solid formulations without any further additives. Interestingly, it was possible to develop both viscous macroemulsions and fluid nanoemulsions with the same chemical composition merely by slight alteration of the production process. Optical light microscopy and cryo transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the sucrose ester led to the formation of an astonishing hydrophilic network at a concentration of only 5% w/w in the macroemulsion system. A small number of more finely structured aggregates composed of surplus surfactant were likewise detected in the nanoemulsions. These discoveries offer interesting possibilities to adapt the low viscosity of fluid O/W nanoemulsions for a more convenient application. Moreover, a simple and rapid production method for skin-friendly creamy O/W emulsions with excellent visual long-term stability is presented. It could be shown by franz-cell diffusion studies and in vitro tape stripping that the microviscosity within the semi-solid formulations was apparently not influenced by their increased macroviscosity: the release of three model drugs was not impaired by the complex network-like internal structure of the macroemulsions. These results indicate that the developed semi-solid emulsions with advantageous application properties are highly suitable for the unhindered delivery of lipophilic drugs despite their comparatively large particle size and high viscosity.
Analysis of the “Sonar Hopf” Cochlea
Authors: Kern Albert , Martignoli Stefan , Mathis Wolfgang , Steeb Willi-Hans , Stoop Ralph Lukas , Stoop Ruedi
Published: May 2011

The “Sonar Hopf” cochlea is a recently much advertised engineering design of an auditory sensor. We analyze this approach based on a recent description by its inventors Hamilton, Tapson, Rapson, Jin, and van Schaik, in which they exhibit the “Sonar Hopf” model, its analysis and the corresponding hardware in detail. We identify problems in the theoretical formulation of the model and critically examine the claimed coherence between the described model, the measurements from the implemented hardware, and biological data.
Design, Fabrication and Experimental Validation of a Novel Dry-Contact Sensor for Measuring Electroencephalography Signals without Skin Preparation
Authors: Liao Lun-De , Wang I-Jan , Chen Sheng-Fu , Chang Jyh-Yeong , Lin Chin-Teng
Published: May 2011

In the present study, novel dry-contact sensors for measuring electro-encephalography (EEG) signals without any skin preparation are designed, fabricated by an injection molding manufacturing process and experimentally validated. Conventional wet electrodes are commonly used to measure EEG signals; they provide excellent EEG signals subject to proper skin preparation and conductive gel application. However, a series of skin preparation procedures for applying the wet electrodes is always required and usually creates trouble for users. To overcome these drawbacks, novel dry-contact EEG sensors were proposed for potential operation in the presence or absence of hair and without any skin preparation or conductive gel usage. The dry EEG sensors were designed to contact the scalp surface with 17 spring contact probes. Each probe was designed to include a probe head, plunger, spring, and barrel. The 17 probes were inserted into a flexible substrate using a one-time forming process via an established injection molding procedure. With these 17 spring contact probes, the flexible substrate allows for high geometric conformity between the sensor and the irregular scalp surface to maintain low skin-sensor interface impedance. Additionally, the flexible substrate also initiates a sensor buffer effect, eliminating pain when force is applied. The proposed dry EEG sensor was reliable in measuring EEG signals without any skin preparation or conductive gel usage, as compared with the conventional wet electrodes.
RETRACTED: Authenticated Key Agreement with Rekeying for Secured Body Sensor Networks
Authors: Eldefrawy Mohamed Hamdy , Khan Muhammad Khurram , Alghathbar Khaled , Tolba Ahmed Saleh , Kim Kyngn Jung
Published: May 2011

This paper has been retracted on 15 August 2011. A Retraction note is published in Sensors, 2011, 11, 7992
The New Seafloor Observatory (OBSEA) for Remote and Long-Term Coastal Ecosystem Monitoring
Authors: Aguzzi Jacopo , Mànuel Antoni , Condal Fernando , Guillén Jorge , Nogueras Marc , Del Rio Joaquin , Costa Corrado , Menesatti Paolo , Puig Pere , Sardà Francesc , Toma Daniel , Palanques Albert
Published: May 2011

A suitable sampling technology to identify species and to estimate population dynamics based on individual counts at different temporal levels in relation to habitat variations is increasingly important for fishery management and biodiversity studies. In the past two decades, as interest in exploring the oceans for valuable resources and in protecting these resources from overexploitation have grown, the number of cabled (permanent) submarine multiparametric platforms with video stations has increased. Prior to the development of seafloor observatories, the majority of autonomous stations were battery powered and stored data locally. The recently installed low-cost, multiparametric, expandable, cabled coastal Seafloor Observatory (OBSEA), located 4 km off of Vilanova i la Gertrú, Barcelona, at a depth of 20 m, is directly connected to a ground station by a telecommunication cable; thus, it is not affected by the limitations associated with previous observation technologies. OBSEA is part of the European Multidisciplinary Seafloor Observatory (EMSO) infrastructure, and its activities are included among the Network of Excellence of the European Seas Observatory NETwork (ESONET). OBSEA enables remote, long-term, and continuous surveys of the local ecosystem by acquiring synchronous multiparametric habitat data and bio-data with the following sensors: Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) sensors for salinity, temperature, and pressure; Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCP) for current speed and direction, including a turbidity meter and a fluorometer (for the determination of chlorophyll concentration); a hydrophone; a seismometer; and finally, a video camera for automated image analysis in relation to species classification and tracking. Images can be monitored in real time, and all data can be stored for future studies. In this article, the various components of OBSEA are described, including its hardware (the sensors and the network of marine and land nodes), software (data acquisition, transmission, processing, and storage), and multiparametric measurement (habitat and bio-data time series) capabilities. A one-month multiparametric survey of habitat parameters was conducted during 2009 and 2010 to demonstrate these functions. An automated video image analysis protocol was also developed for fish counting in the water column, a method that can be used with cabled coastal observatories working with still images. Finally, bio-data time series were coupled with data from other oceanographic sensors to demonstrate the utility of OBSEA in studies of ecosystem dynamics.
Preparation of a Porous Composite Film for the Fabrication of a Hydrogen Peroxide Sensor
Authors: Hua Mu-Yi , Chen Chun-Jen , Chen Hsiao-Chien , Tsai Rung-Ywan , Cheng Wen , Cheng Chun-Lin , Liu Yin-Chih
Published: May 2011

A series of dopant-type polyaniline-polyacrylic acid composite (PAn-PAA) films with porous structures were prepared and developed for an enzyme-free hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensor. The composite films were highly electroactive in a neutral environment as compared to polyaniline (PAn). In addition, the carboxyl group of the PAA was found to react with H2O2 to form peroxy acid groups, and the peroxy acid could further oxidize the imine structure of PAn to form N-oxides. The N-oxides reverted to their original form via electrochemical reduction and increased the reduction current. Based on this result, PAn-PAA was used to modify a gold electrode (PAn-PAA/Au) as a working electrode for the non-enzymatic detection of H2O2. The characteristics of the proposed sensors could be tuned by the PAA/PAn molar ratio. Blending PAA with PAn enhanced the surface area, electrocatalytic activity, and conductivity of these sensors. Under optimal conditions, the linear concentration range of the H2O2 sensor was 0.04 to 12 mM with a sensitivity of 417.5 μA/mM-cm2. This enzyme-free H2O2 sensor also exhibited a rapid response time, excellent stability, and high selectivity.
Simulation and Analysis of a Metamaterial Sensor Based on a Microring Resonator
Authors: Huang Ming , Yang Jingjing , Jun Sun , Mu Shujuan , Lan Yaozhong
Published: May 2011

Metamaterials are artificial media structured on a size scale smaller than the wavelength of external stimuli, that may provide novel tools to significantly enhance the sensitivity and resolution of the sensors. In this paper, we derive the dispersion relation of hollow cylindrical dielectric waveguide, and compute the resonant frequencies and Q factors of the corresponding Whispering-Gallery-Modes (WGM). A metamaterial sensor based on microring resonator operating in WGM is proposed, and the resonance intensity spectrum curves in the frequency range from 185 to 212 THz were studied under different sensing conditions. Full-wave simulations, considering the frequency shift sensitivity influenced by the change of core media permittivity, the thickness and permittivity of the adsorbed substance, prove that the sensitivity of the metamaterial sensor is more than 7 times that of the traditional microring resonator sensor, and the metamaterial layer loaded in the inner side of the microring doesn’t affect the high Q performance of the microring resonator.
Drift-Free Position Estimation of Periodic or Quasi-Periodic Motion Using Inertial Sensors
Authors: Latt Win Tun , Veluvolu Kalyana Chakravarthy , Ang Wei Tech
Published: May 2011

Position sensing with inertial sensors such as accelerometers and gyroscopes usually requires other aided sensors or prior knowledge of motion characteristics to remove position drift resulting from integration of acceleration or velocity so as to obtain accurate position estimation. A method based on analytical integration has previously been developed to obtain accurate position estimate of periodic or quasi-periodic motion from inertial sensors using prior knowledge of the motion but without using aided sensors. In this paper, a new method is proposed which employs linear filtering stage coupled with adaptive filtering stage to remove drift and attenuation. The prior knowledge of the motion the proposed method requires is only approximate band of frequencies of the motion. Existing adaptive filtering methods based on Fourier series such as weighted-frequency Fourier linear combiner (WFLC), and band-limited multiple Fourier linear combiner (BMFLC) are modified to combine with the proposed method. To validate and compare the performance of the proposed method with the method based on analytical integration, simulation study is performed using periodic signals as well as real physiological tremor data, and real-time experiments are conducted using an ADXL-203 accelerometer. Results demonstrate that the performance of the proposed method outperforms the existing analytical integration method.
Mitochondrial Assessment in Asymptomatic HIV-Infected Paediatric Patients on Haart
Authors: Morén Constanza , Noguera-Julian Antoni , Rovira Núria , Garrabou Glòria , Nicolàs Mireia , Cardellach Francesc , Martínez Esteban , Sánchez Emília , Miró Òscar , Fortuny Clàudia
Published: May 2011

Background

HAART can cause mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion, which may lead to mitochondrial dysfunction. We aimed to determine whether mtDNA and mitochondrial function abnormalities are present in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from asymptomatic HIV-infected children.

Methods

A cross-sectional study in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was performed in 47 asymptomatic (free from any HIV- or AIDS-related active condition or HAART-related toxicity), HIV-infected, HAART-treated children and adolescents and 27 uninfected healthy paediatric patients. We measured mtDNA and mitochondrial RNA (mtRNA) content by quantitative real-time PCR. Mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymatic activity of complex-IV (CIV) and mitochondrial mass (estimated by citrate synthase) were measured spectrophotometrically, and CIV protein subunit content was measured with western blot analysis.

Results

A reduction in mtDNA levels was observed in HIV-infected children compared with controls (mean ±sem 4.47 ±0.31 and 5.82 ±0.48, respectively; 23% depletion; P=0.018), whereas similar levels of mtRNA, CIV protein subunit content and enzymatic activity were found in the two groups. These findings remained unaltered after considering mitochondrial abundance. Among HIV-infected children, mtDNA levels did not correlate with viral load, CD4+ T-cell counts or lactataemia at the time of assessment. No differences were observed when current or past use of individual antiretroviral drugs or HAART regimens were taken into account.

Conclusions

Depletion in mtDNA from asymptomatic HIV-infected children did not lead to differences in mtRNA levels or mitochondrially-encoded CIV proteins, nor to CIV dysfunction. This may be explained by homeostatic-compensatory mechanisms at the transcription level or by the mild depletion we observed.
Rhétorique et espace public : La démocratie délibérative a-t-elle abandonné la démocratie de masse à son sort ?
Authors: Chambers Simone
Published: May 2011

Résumé Les pathologies de l'espace public démocratique, évoquées pour la première fois par Platon dans sa critique de la rhétorique, ont conduit la plupart des théories délibératives à étudier et façonner des expériences délibératives à petite échelle, s'éloignant ainsi d'une réflexion sur l'espace public élargi. Cette tendance peut être interprétée à la lumière d'un clivage croissant au sein de la théorie délibérative entre les théories de la délibération démocratique (qui se développent), qui se concentrent sur des expérimentations délibératives particulières au sein des démocraties contemporaines, et les théories de la démocratie délibérative (en déclin), qui tentent de répondre à de grandes questions telles que la façon dont le public, ou la société civile en général, interagissent avec l'État. Analysant les démocraties de masse à la lumière de la rhétorique, cet article avance que l'élément déterminant pour comprendre le potentiel délibératif de l'espace public élargi est la distinction entre une rhétorique délibérative et une rhétorique plébiscitaire.
Comment promouvoir la délibération démocratique ?
Authors: Manin Bernard
Published: May 2011

Résumé Cet article soutient la thèse que, pour favoriser la délibération démocratique, il faut encourager le débat contradictoire plutôt que la discussion. La discussion, dans laquelle les participants s'adressent et se répondent les uns aux autres, peut produire des résultats indésirables, même si elle est rigoureusement argumentative. L'article analyse les mécanismes psychologiques et sociaux pouvant conduire à ces résultats négatifs. La valeur de la délibération démocratique tient plutôt à la confrontation des arguments pour et contre la décision envisagée et à la mise en balance des raisons de sens inverse. L'article défend ainsi une conception de la délibération démocratique différente de celle qui est le plus souvent présentée.
Tirage au sort et politique : de l'autogouvernement républicain à la démocratie délibérative
Authors: Sintomer Yves
Published: May 2011

Résumé Quelles étaient les fonctions de l'usage politique du tirage au sort dans la République de Florence, et quels liens entretenait-il avec la délibération ? Pourquoi cette procédure est-elle de nouveau utilisée depuis quelques décennies dans de nombreux dispositifs délibératifs ? L'invention de l'échantillon représentatif marque une rupture entre les usages anciens et modernes du tirage au sort. Celui-ci, tout en conservant sa fonction d'impartialité, soutient désormais une logique de démocratie délibérative centrée sur des mini-publics contrefactuels, et non plus une logique d'autogouvernement républicain où chaque citoyen est tour à tour gouvernant et gouverné. Cette comparaison historique permet de mieux comprendre les expériences actuelles de démocratie délibérative et certains des défis auxquels elles sont confrontées.
Investigation psychanalytique sur le groupe borderline des névroses. Quelle thérapie engager ?
Authors: Stern Adolph
Published: May 2011

Résumé Cette présentation tente de définir un groupe de pathologies que l’on peut qualifier de borderline . Certaines caractéristiques observées chez les patients de ce groupe les distinguent des psychonévrotiques habituels. La même technique psychanalytique qu’avec les psychonévrotiques peut être mise en œuvre avec ce groupe borderline  ; toutefois, en dehors de s’intéresser aux perturbations des pulsions sexuelles et de les traiter, l’analyste doit ici également prêter attention aux blessures narcissiques et les traiter. Une grande part du fonctionnement du moi se trouve engagée dans la maladie. Cette caractéristique importante du groupe borderline rend le traitement plus difficile et le pronostic plus réservé qu’avec les psychonévrotiques.
Moi et réalité
Authors: Loewald M.D. Hans W.
Published: May 2011

Résumé Une façon particulière de se représenter le rapport initial moi-réalité situe le moi dans un mode de fonctionnement essentiellement défensif en lien à une réalité extérieure perçue comme non familière et hostile. Une autre façon situe le moi dans un mode de fonctionnement essentiellement synthétique et transformationnel, s’efforçant de reconstituer en transformant sans cesse l’unité originelle d’harmonie propre au stade narcissique primaire. Ce dont le moi ou l’appareil psychique se défendrait de façon privilégiée ne serait pas tant contre cette réalité extérieure perçue comme hostile mais bien plutôt de la perte d’un rapport privilégié à celle-ci.
Les cas limite. De la folie privée aux pulsions de destruction et de mort
Authors: Green André
Published: May 2011

Résumé L’auteur s’efforce de retracer son évolution depuis La Folie privée jusqu’à Pourquoi les pulsions de destruction ou de mort ? Il rappelle les étapes de parcours. Le tableau clinique sur la psychose blanche (ouvrage en collaboration avec J.-L. Donnet) est rappelé. Par la suite, il faut considérer l’introduction par Freud des pulsions de destruction ou de mort (2007-2010). Enfin, certaines réflexions sont tirées d’ Illusions et désillusions du travail psychanalytique (2010). Une étude plus détaillée permet de retracer les débuts du dévelop pement psychique selon Freud. La réflexion se poursuit par la position de Freud sur le domaine privilégié des pulsions de destruction, à savoir la culture. Les rapports entre les premières tentatives et les dernières élaborations tentent de dessiner une certaine cohérence.
Sándor Ferenczi et la clinique des cas dits « difficiles »
Authors: Bokanowski Thierry
Published: May 2011

Résumé Si l’on devait faire le bilan des apports très originaux proposés par S. Ferenczi tout au long de son œuvre, lesquels ont magistralement contribué à l’avancée de la psychanalyse, on peut affirmer qu’il a développé dans les dernières années de sa vie [1928-1933] une « pensée clinique » totalement novatrice, laquelle fait de lui aujourd’hui un véritable précurseur en ce qui concerne les nombreux aspects théorico-pratiques qui intéressent au quotidien le psychanalyste dans l’abord et les traitements des conjonctures hétérogènes et complexes, notamment celles des cas dits « limites ».
Les épisodes « limite » de l'Homme aux loups ; limites d'une névrose grave ou structure borderline ?
Authors: Khoury Maurice
Published: May 2011

Résumé La névrose infantile de l’Homme aux loups n’a pu expliquer ses symptômes délirants, paranoïaques et hypocondriaques, à la veille de sa deuxième tranche d’analyse avec R. M. Brunswick. L’auteur reprend quelques points d’achoppements relatifs à la fin de la première cure par Freud – tout particulièrement la période postanalytique de cette cure – avec cependant un désaccord concernant une enfance borderline , comme l’affirment certains auteurs, et une organisation psychotique de l’âge adulte. Il s’agirait plutôt de défaillances dans le dénouement de la névrose de transfert et d’un retour dans le réel délirant d’une angoisse de castration jugulée dans son élaboration et sa liquidation par l’enlisement du « cas le plus célèbre » de l’histoire de la psychanalyse dans sa relation réelle avec Freud et dans celle du monde analytique.
États limite et hypothèse d'une problématique du sevrage
Authors: Dechaud-Ferbus Monique
Published: May 2011

Résumé À partir d’un cas clinique qui réunit des constantes de la pathologie des états limite, l’auteur fait l’hypothèse qu’une défaillance de l’environnement nourricier a endommagé le processus du sevrage et remis en question l’ère de l’illusion et l’ère transitionnelle fixant la libido à l’oralité. S’appuyant sur Freud qui déclare que la première condition de l’angoisse est celle de la perte de la perception de l’objet, l’auteur propose le dispositif de la psychothérapie psychanalytique corporelle qui a l’avantage d’aider à corriger ces défaillances par la perception de l’analyste et le travail sur les ressentis perceptivo-sensori-moteurs pour reprendre dans la cure le processus de sevrage.
Se rencontrer, se connaître, se séparer : la cure des états limite en hôpital de jour soins-études
Authors: Hagmann Valentine , Servant Benoît
Published: May 2011

Résumé À partir de leur intérêt pour les états limite, lié aux questions cruciales que leur cure pose à la psychanalyse contemporaine, les auteurs développent la conception des soins qui sous-tend leur pratique dans un hôpital de jour soins-études. Celle-ci se décline en trois temps : « se rencontrer », qui met en jeu le difficile engagement de ces patients, et a amené à proposer un dispositif adapté ; « se connaître », dans lequel se déploie le travail en équipe pour transformer l’interaction en représentation et favoriser l’établissement d’une relation d’ alter ego  ; « se séparer » enfin, dont l’heureuse issue sera fonction du développement conjoint d’une identification réciproque suffisante et d’une ouverture tierce.
« T'as dé pa bo safères ! » De l'opposition à la pensée, construire la négation
Authors: Joubert Martin
Published: May 2011

Résumé Le jugement d’attribution, par lequel le psychisme fait équivaloir l’étranger et le mauvais s’avère, économiquement parlant, très efficace au point de persister au-delà de la mise en place du jugement d’existence. Quand Freud distingue les deux, en 1924, c’est aussi pour remarquer comment le jeu de la négation à ce point commande la mise en place des outils cognitifs. Un entretien avec une fillette de 8 ans, en difficulté dans ses apprentissages, nous permettra de mettre en perspective ces achoppements du développement avec les aléas du lien à l’objet primaire. Les enjeux narcissiques de ces dysharmonies cognitives de l’enfance tendent à les organiser ensuite, à l’âge adulte, du côté des états limite.
Aux limites d'être : points de vue développemental et métapsychologique, perspectives thérapeutiques
Authors: Prat Régine , Israël Paul
Published: May 2011

Résumé Les auteurs ont cherché à mettre en adéquation leur expérience des cures limites avec une réflexion théorique qui se situerait à l’articulation soma/psyché. De cette clinique dont la description n’est plus à faire, ils ont retenu la fréquence du surgissement d’échanges agis et de manifestations engageant le corps qui viennent se substituer à l’échange de paroles sur lequel est fondée la cure psychanalytique. L’échec de cette mise en mots témoigne de dysfonctionnements de la construction du psychisme, au lieu même où il s’origine, entre soma et psyché : la référence au modèle primitif déterminé par la sensorialité précoce du tact semble permettre une proposition théorique cohérente articulant la première distinction instinct/pulsion avec les spécificités techniques que les auteurs pensent nécessaires dans l’abord de ces cures.
Aux carrefours des passions et de la toute-puissance
Authors: Potamianou Anna
Published: May 2011

Résumé Ce texte se réfère à l’économie et à la dynamique des états passionnels, considérés comme des opérateurs d’affects puissants qui touchent à la fois le psychique et le corporel. La question de ce qui constitue les fondements des comportements que les passions enflamment est examinée par l’auteur ; des exemples tirés des mythes et légendes, de la littérature, ainsi qu’un matériel clinique servent de points d’appui à ses hypothèses.
« ... Comme un poème contient l'alphabet » : le sens de la traduction dans le Freud de William I. Grossman
Authors: Reed Gail S.
Published: May 2011

Résumé Les contributions de W. I. Grossman à la psychanalyse n’ont pas été assez reconnues, peut-être parce que ses écrits sont denses et qu’il est difficile d’en dégager tout le sens. Dans une de ses plus importantes contributions, il décrit de façon remarquable la manière systématique qu’avait Freud d’imaginer, de penser et de théoriser, et ce, bien avant de créer la psychanalyse. Chez Freud, cette manière de penser illustre ses théories tout comme l’organisation de sa pensée elle-même ; elle est flexible, capable de développement, hiérarchiquement ordonnée et récursive. La lecture de Grossman ouvre sur le texte de Freud une fenêtre qui permet de nouveaux regards. Cela inclut l’idée que la notion de « traduction transformatrice », comme perception de la créativité dans le mode de penser de Freud, pourrait aider les psychanalystes de différentes cultures et de systèmes de pensée à communiquer au-delà de leurs frontières. Le concept de « négatif pathologique » chez A. Green servira d’exemple pour montrer comment le « Freud de Grossman » peut faciliter cette communication entre les différentes cultures et théories.
Tours et détours de la culpabilité en psychosomatique
Authors: Asséo Robert
Published: May 2011

Résumé À partir d’un cas clinique, l’auteur montre l’impact des idéaux transmis en rapport à la maladie en tant que figure du destin, plutôt que châtiment. L’angoisse sociale et le sentiment de culpabilité témoignent de l’échec de surmoi, le caractère renforce le moi idéal aux dépens de l’idéal du moi.
Dépression infantile, honte et culpabilité
Authors: Schmid-Kitsikis Elsa
Published: May 2011

Résumé En partant du cas d’une patiente dont le cancer d’un sein est apparu en cours d’analyse, à la faveur d’un processus de régression faisant surgir dépression infantile, repli sur elle-même sous la forme d’une rumination émotionnelle, l’auteur s’interroge sur l’existence possible d’un lien, autre que celui tout à fait discutable d’une causalité directe, entre affect de honte, sentiment de culpabilité et éclosion d’une maladie somatique.
Culpabilité primaire, défense maniaque de comportement et rêverie diurne
Authors: Press Jacques
Published: May 2011

Résumé L’auteur défend la notion d’une culpabilité primaire liée à la crainte que l’émergence de la pulsionnalité du sujet ne détruise l’objet. L’effort visant à échapper à cette culpabilité peut organiser l’ensemble du fonctionnement mental et conduire à des issues présentant un risque somatique, telles la défense maniaque de comportement, le repli et la rêverie diurne compulsive, à laquelle l’auteur consacre une discussion.
Une fois de plus... la culpabilité
Authors: Potamianou Anna
Published: May 2011

Résumé Ce travail représente une tentative de réfléchir sur la problématique de la culpabilité, tout en abordant la question des somatisations. La culpabilité, conçue comme se rapportant à un agencement composite qui condense des éléments venant de strates et de moments différents de la vie psychique, peut-elle avoir une place dans le cours de l’éclosion d’une maladie ? Comment ? Par quel biais ? Quelques éléments d’un cas sont présentés.
Culpabilité et maladie : existe-t-il une culpabilité pré-œdipienne ?
Authors: Donabédian Diran
Published: May 2011

Résumé « Existe-t-il une culpabilité pré-œdipienne ? » C’est une formulation issue de la théorisation de la démentalisation qui concerne le processus de délibidinisation en lien à des investissements du moi organisés autour du moi idéal (qui est l’introjection de l’idéal du moi parental) et non pas à partir de la pulsionnalisation et de l’édification du surmoi stricte sensu.
Le travail de psychisation du corps
Authors: Smadja Claude
Published: May 2011

Résumé La vie psychique se définit à partir de la métapsychologie des affects et des représentations fondamentales. Ces formations psychiques sont issues du travail des pulsions et de leur rencontre avec les perceptions. Les pulsions ont leur source dans des événements vécus dans le corps propre à partir des zones érogènes et de l’ensemble des organes ; elles résultent d’un processus complexe de transformation du corporel jusqu’à son advenue psychique. C’est ce processus que j’appelle travail de psychisation du corps.
Jacques Press, La Construction du sens
Authors: Sirjacq Marie
Published: May 2011

Résumé L’utilisation défensive de la confusion de langues dans le travail de l’analyste constitue un risque. Par contre, repérée et élaborée dans le jeu transféro-contre-transférentiel, elle participe aux conditions pour construire un espace psychique apte à recevoir puis transformer ce qui était resté en quête de forme.
Developing Students’ Time Management Skills in Clinical Settings: Practical Considerations for Busy Nursing Staff
Authors: Cleary Michelle , Horsfall Jan
Published: May 2011

In clinical settings, nursing staff often find themselves responsible for students who have varying time management skills. Nurses need to respond sensitively and appropriately, and to teach nursing students how to prioritize and better allocate time. This is important not only for developing students’ clinical skills but also for shaping their perceptions about the quality of the placement and their willingness to consider it as a potential work specialty. In this column, some simple, practical strategies that nurses can use to assist students with improving their time management skills are identified.
Teaching Undergraduate Students Community Nursing: Using Action Research to Increase Engagement and Learning
Authors: Seib Charrlotte , English Rebecca , Barnard Alan
Published: May 2011

Nurses play a pivotal role in responding to the changing needs of community health care. Therefore, nursing education must be relevant, responsive, and evidence based. We report a case study of curriculum development in a community nursing unit embedded within an undergraduate nursing degree. We used action research to develop, deliver, evaluate, and redesign the curriculum. Feedback was obtained through self-reflection, expert opinion from community stakeholders, formal student evaluation, and critical review. Changes made, especially in curriculum delivery, led to improved learner focus and more clearly linked theory and practice. The redesigned unit improved performance, measured with the university’s student evaluation of feedback instrument (increased from 0.3 to 0.5 points below to 0.1 to 0.5 points above faculty mean in all domains), and was well received by teaching staff. The process confirmed that improved pedagogy can increase student engagement with content and perception of a unit as relevant to future practice.