bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plasmonic mode interferences and Fano resonances in Metal-Insulator- Metal nanostructured interface
Authors: Nicolas Rana , Lévêque Gaëtan , Marae-Djouda Joseph , Montay Guillame , Madi Yazid , Plain Jérôme , Herro Ziad , Kazan Michel , Adam Pierre-Michel , Maurer Thomas
Published: September 2015

Metal-insulator-metal systems exhibit a rich underlying physics leading to a high degree of tunability of their spectral properties. We performed a systematic study on a metal-insulator-nanostructured metal system with a thin 6 nm dielectric spacer and showed how the nanoparticle sizes and excitation conditions lead to the tunability and coupling/decoupling of localized and delocalized plasmonic modes. We also experimentally evidenced a tunable Fano resonance in a broad spectral window 600 to 800 nm resulting from the interference of gap modes with white light broad band transmitted waves at the interface playing the role of the continuum. By varying the incident illumination angle shifts in the resonances give the possibility to couple or decouple the localized and delocalized modes and to induce a strong change of the asymmetric Fano profile. All these results were confirmed with a crossed comparison between experimental and theoretical measurements, confirming the nature of different modes. The high degree of control and tunability of this plasmonically rich system paves the way for designing and engineering of similar systems with numerous applications. In particular, sensing measurements were performed and a figure of merit of 3.8 was recorded ranking this sensor among the highest sensitive in this wavelength range.
Fabrication of UV Photodetector on TiO2/Diamond Film
Authors: Liu Zhangcheng , Li Fengnan , Li Shuoye , Hu Chao , Wang Wei , Wang Fei , Lin Fang , Wang Hongxing
Published: September 2015

The properties of ultraviolet (UV) photodetector fabricated on TiO2/diamond film were investigated. Single crystal diamond layer was grown on high-pressure-high-temperature Ib-type diamond substrate by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition method, upon which TiO2 film was prepared directly using radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique in Ar and O2 mixing atmosphere. Tungsten was used as electrode material to fabricate metal-semiconductor-metal UV photodetector. The dark current is measured to be 1.12 pA at 30 V. The photo response of the device displays an obvious selectivity between UV and visible light and the UV-to-visible rejection ratio can reach 2 orders of magnitude. Compared with that directly on diamond film, photodetector on TiO2/diamond film shows higher responsivity.
Small cell lung cancer transformation and T790M mutation: complimentary roles in acquired resistance to kinase inhibitors in lung cancer
Authors: Suda Kenichi , Murakami Isao , Sakai Kazuko , Mizuuchi Hiroshi , Shimizu Shigeki , Sato Katsuaki , Tomizawa Kenji , Tomida Shuta , Yatabe Yasushi , Nishio Kazuto , Mitsudomi Tetsuya
Published: September 2015

Lung cancers often harbour a mutation in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene. Because proliferation and survival of lung cancers with EGFR mutation solely depend on aberrant signalling from the mutated EGFR, these tumours often show dramatic responses to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, acquiring resistance to these drugs is almost inevitable, thus a better understanding of the underlying resistance mechanisms is critical. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) transformation is a relatively rare acquired resistance mechanism that has lately attracted considerable attention. In the present study, through an in-depth analysis of multiple EGFR-TKI refractory lesions obtained from an autopsy case, we observed a complementary relationship between SCLC transformation and EGFR T790M secondary mutation (resistance mutation). We also identified analogies and differences in genetic aberration between a TKI-refractory lesion with SCLC transformation and one with EGFR T790M mutation. In particular, target sequencing revealed a TP53 P151S mutation in all pre- and post-treatment lesions. PTEN M264I mutation was identified only in a TKI-refractory lesion with SCLC transformation, while PIK3CA and RB1 mutations were identified only in pre-treatment primary tumour samples. These results provide the groundwork for understanding acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs via SCLC transformation.
Protein interaction patterns in different cellular environments are revealed by in-cell NMR
Authors: Barbieri Letizia , Luchinat Enrico , Banci Lucia
Published: September 2015

In-cell NMR allows obtaining atomic-level information on biological macromolecules in their physiological environment. Soluble proteins may interact with the cellular environment in different ways: either specifically, with their functional partners, or non-specifically, with other cellular components. Such behaviour often causes the disappearance of the NMR signals. Here we show that by introducing mutations on the human protein profilin 1, used here as a test case, the in-cell NMR signals can be recovered. In human cells both specific and non-specific interactions are present, while in bacterial cells only the effect of non-specific interactions is observed. By comparing the NMR signal recovery pattern in human and bacterial cells, the relative contribution of each type of interaction can be assessed. This strategy allows detecting solution in-cell NMR spectra of soluble proteins without altering their fold, thus extending the applicability of in-cell NMR to a wider range of proteins.
A highly active and stable Ni–Mg phyllosilicate nanotubular catalyst for ultrahigh temperature water-gas shift reaction
Authors: Bian Zhoufeng , Li Ziwei , Ashok Jangam , Kawi Sibudjing
Published: September 2015

Ni–Mg binary metal PSNTs have been developed by introducing Mg into Ni phyllosilicate nanotubes and shown to exhibit superb activity and stability for WGS reaction at 650 °C.
A rapid, sensitive colorimetric assay for the high-throughput screening of transaminases in liquid or solid-phase
Authors: Baud D. , Ladkau N. , Moody T. S. , Ward J. M. , Hailes H. C.
Published: September 2015

Red light for transaminases. A highly sensitive colorimetric assay using an inexpensive amine donor has been established for use in high-throughput transaminase screens.
Hierarchical architecture of WO3nanosheets by self-assembly of nanorods for photoelectrochemical applications
Authors: Zhang Tao , Su Jinzhan , Guo Liejin
Published: September 2015

A self-assembled WO3nanorod–nanosheet hierarchical architecture was deposited on FTO by a simple solvothermal growth route.
Thermodynamics of the hydration equilibrium derived from the luminescence spectra of the solid state for the case of the Eu–EDTA system
Authors: Janicki R. , Mondry A.
Published: September 2015

Spectroscopic evidence of the hydration equilibrium for the case of the Eu–EDTA system.
Facts and fictions about polymorphism
Authors: Cruz-Cabeza Aurora J. , Reutzel-Edens Susan M. , Bernstein Joel
Published: September 2015

We present new facts and correct old fictions about polymorphism in molecular crystals.
Pyrene and imidazole functionalized luminescent bimetallic Ru(ii) terpyridine complexes as efficient optical chemosensors for cyanide in aqueous, organic and solid media
Authors: Karmakar Srikanta , Maity Dinesh , Mardanya Sourav , Baitalik Sujoy
Published: September 2015

Luminescent bimetallic Ru(ii)-terpyridine complexes based on the pyrenyl-bis-phenylimidazole spacer as highly efficient sensors for cyanide in aqueous, organic and solid media are reported.
Brønsted acid-promoted C–F bond activation in [P,S]-ligated neutral and anionic perfluoronickelacyclopentanes
Authors: Giffin Kaitie A. , Korobkov Ilia , Baker R. Tom
Published: September 2015

Bidentate phosphinothiol ligand induces C–F bond functionalization in perfluoronickelacycles.
From the parent phosphinidene–carbene adduct NHCPH to cationic P4-rings and P2-cycloaddition products
Authors: Beil Andreas , Gilliard Robert J. , Grützmacher Hansjörg
Published: September 2015

The parent phosphinidene–carbene adduct NHCPH reacts with chlorophosphanes yielding NHC-supported chlorodiphosphanes, which can be transformed to novel P4-rings and reactive 1,2-diphosphenes.
A fluorescent, photochromic and thermochromic trifunctional material based on a layered metal–viologen complex
Authors: Wan Fang , Qiu Li-Xia , Zhou Liang-Liang , Sun Yan-Qiong , You Yi
Published: September 2015

A 2D layered viologen-based zinc complex exhibits the rare discolored function of reversible photochromism and thermochromism. Interestingly, its fluorescence can be switched by visible light irradiation and heating in air.
Rosa canina L. – new possibilities for an old medicinal herb
Authors: Živković Jelena , Stojković Dejan , Petrović Jovana , Zdunić Gordana , Glamočlija Jasna , Soković Marina
Published: September 2015

Health beneficial properties ofRosa caninaspecies are mainly attributed to rose hips, while the leaves are usually discarded as waste.
Fast, scalable, and eco-friendly fabrication of an energy storage paper electrode
Authors: Koga Hirotaka , Tonomura Hidetsugu , Nogi Masaya , Suganuma Katsuaki , Nishina Yuta
Published: September 2015

A green and scalable strategy for fabrication of a reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/cellulose paper supercapacitor electrode is demonstrated by a combination of well-established papermaking and millisecond-timescale flash reduction.
Correction: Reddish-orange-emitting and paramagnetic properties of GdVO4:Sm3+/Eu3+ multifunctional nanomaterials
Authors: Liu Yanxia , Liu Guixia , Wang Jinxian , Dong Xiangting , Yu Wensheng
Published: September 2015

Correction for ‘Reddish-orange-emitting and paramagnetic properties of GdVO4:Sm3+/Eu3+ multifunctional nanomaterials’ by Yanxia Liu et al., New J. Chem., 2015, DOI: 10.1039/c5nj01714a.
Total syntheses of disulphated glycosphingolipid SB1a and the related monosulphated SM1a
Authors: Hirose Haruka , Tamai Hideki , Gao Chao , Imamura Akihiro , Ando Hiromune , Ishida Hideharu , Feizi Ten , Kiso Makoto
Published: September 2015

Structures of the target sulphoglycolipids SM1a and SB1a are described.
anti-Selective aminofluorination of alkenes with amidines mediated by hypervalent iodine(iii) reagents
Authors: Chen Hui , Kaga Atsushi , Chiba Shunsuke
Published: September 2015

anti-Aminofluorination of alkenes with amidines was enabled by hypervalent iodine(iii) reagents, affording 4-fluoroalkyl-2-imidazolines. Further reductive ring-opening of the 2-imidazoline moiety could deliver highly functionalized 3-fluoropropane-1,2-diamine derivatives.
A novel stimuli-responsive fluorescent elastomer based on an AIE mechanism
Authors: Li Weili , Huang Dong , Wang Jun , Shen Wenjun , Chen Lizhuang , Yang Shengyuan , Zhu Meifang , Tang Benzhong , Liang Guodong , Xu Zexiao
Published: September 2015

In this paper, a facile approach for the synthesis of stimuli-responsive fluorescent elastomer was developed. The photoluminescence should partly be attributed to the hampered intramolecular rotation of the aryl rotors of the dye molecules by wrapping and coiling of the flexible polymer chains. In addition, the reversibility of this responsiveness was also confirmed.
An injectable drug-loaded hydrogel using a “clickable” amphiphilic triblock copolymer as a precursor
Authors: Gao Lilong , Zha Guangyu , Wang Ying , Luo Qiaojie , Zhu Weipu , Shen Zhiquan , Li Xiaodong
Published: September 2015

A PCL-POEGM-PCL amphiphilic triblock copolymer was facilely synthesized in “one pot”, which can disperse hydrophobic drugs in aqueous solution and be crosslinked by poly[oligo(ethylene glycol)mercaptosuccinate] (POEGMS) under physiological conditions.
Fabrication of poly(β-cyclodextrin-co-citric acid)/bentonite clay nanocomposite hydrogel: thermal and absorption properties
Authors: Heydari Abolfazl , Sheibani Hassan
Published: September 2015

A β-cyclodextrin (β-CD)/bentonite clay (BNC) nanocomposite hydrogel was prepared through combining in situ intercalative polymerization and melt intercalation methods.
Modulation of surface bio-functionality by using gold nanostructures on protein repellent surfaces
Authors: Muldur Sinan K. , Desmet Cloe , La Spina Rita , Monteiro Beatriz de Jesus da Cruz , Halamoda-Kenzaoui Blanka , Spampinato Valentina , Ceccone Giacomo , Valsesia Andrea , Kinsner-Ovaskainen Agnieszka , Colpo Pascal , Rossi François
Published: September 2015

A simple and straightforward nanofabrication method for the creation of gold nanoparticles patterns on a biologically inert plasma-deposited poly(ethyleneoxide) film for sensing and cell culture applications.
The structural phase transition process of free-standing monoclinic vanadium dioxide micron-sized rods: temperature-dependent Raman study
Authors: Zhang Huafang , Li Quanjun , Shen Pengfei , Dong Qing , Liu Bo , Liu Ran , cui Tian , Liu Bingbing
Published: September 2015

Micro-sized rods show a lower phase transition temperature than nano-sized rods, and this is interpreted on the basis of nucleating defects.
Modified carbon paste and polymeric membrane electrodes for determination of hydroxychloroquine sulfate in pharmaceutical preparations and human urine
Authors: Khalil M. M. , Issa Y. M. , El Sayed G. A.
Published: September 2015

This article describes characteristics, performance and application of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) polymeric membrane (PMEs) and modified carbon paste (CPEs) electrodes which are based on sodium tetraphenylborate (NaTPB) or ammonium reineckate (Rt) as sensing materials.
AuICl-bound N-heterocyclic carbene ligands form MII4(LAuCl)6integrally gilded cages
Authors: Ramsay William J. , Foster Jonathan A. , Moore Katharine L. , Ronson Tanya K. , Mirgalet Raphaël J. , Jefferson David A. , Nitschke Jonathan R.
Published: September 2015

A gold(i)N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand self-assembles with zinc(ii) and cadmium(ii) templates into bimetallic MII4L6cage frameworks.
A high-performance hydroxyl-functionalized polymer of intrinsic microporosity for an environmentally attractive membrane-based approach to decontamination of sour natural gas
Authors: Yi Shouliang , Ma Xiaohua , Pinnau Ingo , Koros William J.
Published: September 2015

Sorption and permeation properties of a hydroxyl-functionalized polymer with intrinsic microporosity are reported for aggressive sour natural gas separations.
In vitro biocompatibility of mesoporous metal (III; Fe, Al, Cr) trimesate MOF nanocarriers
Authors: Grall Romain , Hidalgo Tania , Delic Jozo , Garcia-Marquez Alfonso , Chevillard Sylvie , Horcajada Patricia
Published: September 2015

The high porosity and versatile composition of the benchmarked mesoporous metal (Fe, Al, Cr) trimesate metal–organic frameworks (MIL-100(Fe, Al, Cr)) make them very promising solids in different strategic industrial and societal domains (separation, catalysis, biomedicine,etc.).
Spin frustration in antiperovskite systems: (TTF˙+ or TSF˙+)3[(Mo6X14)2−Y−]
Authors: Hiramatsu Takaaki , Yoshida Yukihiro , Saito Gunzi , Otsuka Akihiro , Yamochi Hideki , Shimizu Yasuhiro , Hattori Yuma , Nakamura Yuto , Kishida Hideo , Ito Hiroshi , Kirakci Kaplan , Cordier Stéphane , Perrin Christiane
Published: September 2015

We report two novel antiperovskite charge-transfer solids, (TSF)3[(Mo6X14)X] (X = Cl, Br), and discuss spin frustration of their octahedral spin lattices.
Simultaneous enhancement of charge generation quantum yield and carrier transport in organic solar cells
Authors: Armin Ardalan , Wolfer Pascal , Shaw Paul E. , Hambsch Mike , Maasoumi Fatemeh , Ullah Mujeeb , Gann Eliot , McNeill Christopher R. , Li Jun , Shi Zugui , Burn Paul L. , Meredith Paul
Published: September 2015

Bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells and photodiodes require optimised active layer structures for both charge carrier photo-generation and extraction to occur efficiently.
Synthesis and excellent electromagnetic wave absorption properties of parallel aligned FeCo@C core–shell nanoflake composites
Authors: Zhang Yongbo , Wang Peng , Wang Ying , Qiao Liang , Wang Tao , Li Fashen
Published: September 2015

Soft magnetic FeCo@C nanoflakes were prepared by a simple anoxic annealing technique.
Synthesis and optical nonlinear properties of novel Y-shaped chromophores with excellent electro-optic activity
Authors: Yang Yuhui , Xiao Hongyan , Wang Haoran , Liu Fenggang , Bo Shuhui , Liu Jialei , Qiu Ling , Zhen Zhen , Liu Xinhou
Published: September 2015

A series of Y-shaped chromophores have been synthesized and the large hyperpolarizability can be effectively translated into electro-optic coefficients.
Glutathione selectively modulates the binding of platinum drugs to human copper chaperone Cox17
Authors: Zhao Linhong , Wang Zhen , Wu Han , Xi Zhaoyong , Liu Yangzhong
Published: September 2015

The copper chaperone Cox17 (cytochrome c oxidase copper chaperone) has been shown to facilitate the delivery of cisplatin to mitochondria, which contributes to the overall cytotoxicity of the drug [Zhao et al. (2014) Chem. Commun. 50, 2667–2669]. Kinetic data indicate that Cox17 has reactivity similar to glutathione (GSH), the most abundant thiol-rich molecule in the cytoplasm. In the present study, we found that GSH significantly modulates the reaction of platinum complexes with Cox17. GSH enhances the reactivity of three anti-cancer drugs (cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin) to Cox17, but suppresses the reaction of transplatin. Surprisingly, the pre-formed cisplatin–GSH adducts are highly reactive to Cox17; over 90% platinum transfers from GSH to Cox17. On the other hand, transplatin–GSH adducts are inert to Cox17. These different effects are consistent with the drug activity of these platinum complexes. In addition, GSH attenuates the protein aggregation of Cox17 induced by platination. These results indicate that the platinum–protein interactions could be substantially influenced by the cellular environment.
Radar‐based time‐domain head imaging using database of effective dielectric constant
Authors: Mohammed B.J. , Bialkowski K.S. , Abbosh A.M.
Published: September 2015

In radar‐based time‐domain head imaging, a priori information on the effective dielectric constants from the antennas’ perspective with respect to different head pixels is needed to map the significant scatterrers inside the head. A microwave‐based head imaging technique, which utilises a model for the effective dielectric constant as a function of the antenna's position and imaged point inside the head, is presented. To build that model, a realistic MRI‐derived numerical head surrounded by an array of wideband antennas is implemented in a full‐wave electromagnetic solver. The time difference of arrival between transmission coefficients in free space and inside the head is calculated at different head pixels and used to evaluate the effective dielectric constant at those pixels. The model is validated on two different head phantoms and used to accurately detect different brain strokes.
Adaptive selective compressive sampling for sparse signal acquisition in noisy background
Authors: Wen Fangqing , Zhang Yu , Zhang Gong
Published: September 2015

A new methodology for sparse signal acquisition using adaptive selective compressive sampling (ASCS) is presented. By employing the estimated prior information, the measurement matrix in the ASCS method can be adapted in order to selectively sense the sparse signal. The proposed ASCS method has an inherent characteristic of noise suppression, thus provides fewer noisy measurements. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Simple-design ultra-low phase noise microwave frequency synthesizers for high-performing Cs and Rb vapor-cell atomic clocks
Authors: François B. , Calosso C. E. , Abdel Hafiz M. , Micalizio S. , Boudot R.
Published: September 2015

We report on the development and characterization of novel 4.596 GHz and 6.834 GHz microwave frequency synthesizers devoted to be used as local oscillators in high-performance Cs and Rb vapor-cell atomic clocks. The key element of the synthesizers is a custom module that integrates a high spectral purity 100 MHz oven controlled quartz crystal oscillator frequency-multiplied to 1.6 GHz with minor excess noise. Frequency multiplication, division, and mixing stages are then implemented to generate the exact output atomic resonance frequencies. Absolute phase noise performances of the output 4.596 GHz signal are measured to be −109 and −141 dB rad2/Hz at 100 Hz and 10 kHz Fourier frequencies, respectively. The phase noise of the 6.834 GHz signal is −105 and −138 dB rad2/Hz at 100 Hz and 10 kHz offset frequencies, respectively. The performances of the synthesis chains contribute to the atomic clock short term fractional frequency stability at a level of 3.1 × 10−14 for the Cs cell clock and 2 × 10−14 for the Rb clock at 1 s averaging time. This value is comparable with the clock shot noise limit. We describe the residual phase noise measurements of key components and stages to identify the main limitations of the synthesis chains. The residual frequency stability of synthesis chains is measured to be at the 10−15 level for 1 s integration time. Relevant advantages of the synthesis design, using only commercially available components, are to combine excellent phase noise performances, simple-architecture, low-cost, and to be easily customized for signal output generation at 4.596 GHz or 6.834 GHz for applications to Cs or Rb vapor-cell frequency standards.
Whistlers, helicons, and lower hybrid waves: The physics of radio frequency wave propagation and absorption for current drive via Landau damping
Authors: Pinsker R. I.
Published: September 2015

This introductory-level tutorial article describes the application of plasma waves in the lower hybrid range of frequencies (LHRF) for current drive in tokamaks. Wave damping mechanisms in a nearly collisionless hot magnetized plasma are briefly described, and the connections between the properties of the damping mechanisms and the optimal choices of wave properties (mode, frequency, wavelength) are explored. The two wave modes available for current drive in the LHRF are described and compared. The terms applied to these waves in different applications of plasma physics are elucidated. The character of the ray paths of these waves in the LHRF is illustrated in slab and toroidal geometries. Applications of these ideas to experiments in the DIII-D tokamak are discussed.
Dielectric relaxation and magnetodielectric response in DyMn0.5Cr0.5O3
Authors: Yuan B. , Yang J. , Zuo X. Z. , Kan X. C. , Zu L. , Zhu X. B. , Dai J. M. , Song W. H. , Sun Y. P.
Published: September 2015

We investigate the structural, magnetic, and magnetodielectric properties of DyMn0.5Cr0.5O3. The sample can be indexed with an orthorhombic phase with B site disordered space group Pbnm. The valence state of both Mn and Cr ions are suggested to be +3 based on the results of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Two thermally excited dielectric relaxation at temperatures TN2 < T< 300 K and large magnetodielectric effect (MDC = 20%–30%) due to the disordered arrangement of Mn3+/Cr3+ ions associated with electron hopping between them are observed. The absence of any noticeable magnetoresistance effect (MR < 0.5%) demonstrates that the observed magnetodielectric effect is an intrinsic behavior. These results suggest that DyMn0.5Cr0.5O3 is a magnetodielectric compound, whose dielectric properties are dependence of the applied magnetic field, which exhibits such effects near room temperature and holds great promise for future device applications.
Luminescence enhancement by energy transfer in melamine-Y2O3:Tb3+ nanohybrids
Authors: Stagi Luigi , Chiriu Daniele , Ardu Andrea , Cannas Carla , Carbonaro Carlo M. , Ricci Pier Carlo
Published: September 2015

The phenomenon of luminescence enhancement was studied in melamine-Y2O3:Tb hybrids. Terbium doped Y2O3 mesoporous nanowires were synthesized by hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction patterns and Raman scattering spectra testified the realization of a cubic crystal phase. Organic-inorganic melamine-Y2O3:Tb3+ hybrid system was successfully obtained by vapour deposition method. Vibration Raman active modes of the organic counterpart were investigated in order to verify the achievement of hybrid system. Photoluminescence excitation and photoluminescence spectra, preformed in the region between 250 and 350 nm, suggest a strong interaction among melamine and Terbium ions. In particular, a remarkable improvement of 5D4→ FJ Rare Earth emission (at about 542 nm) of about 102 fold was observed and attributed to an efficient organic-Tb energy transfer. The energy transfer mechanism was studied by the use of time resolved photoluminescence measurements. The melamine lifetime undergoes to a significant decrease when adsorbed to oxide surfaces and it was connected to a sensitization mechanism. The detailed analysis of time decay profile of Terbium radiative recombination shows a variation of double exponential law toward a single exponential one. Its correlation with surface defects and non-radiative recombination was thus discussed.
Controlling the opto-mechanics of a cantilever in an interferometer via cavity loss
Authors: von Schmidsfeld A. , Reichling M.
Published: September 2015

In a non-contact atomic force microscope, based on interferometric cantilever displacement detection, the optical return loss of the system is tunable via the distance between the fiber end and the cantilever. We utilize this for tuning the interferometer from a predominant Michelson to a predominant Fabry-Pérot characteristics and introduce the Fabry-Pérot enhancement factor as a quantitative measure for multibeam interference in the cavity. This experimentally easily accessible and adjustable parameter provides a control of the opto-mechanical interaction between the cavity light field and the cantilever. The quantitative assessment of the light pressure acting on the cantilever oscillating in the cavity via the frequency shift allows an in-situ measurement of the cantilever stiffness with remarkable precision.
Laboratory-based X-ray phase-contrast imaging with misaligned optical elements
Authors: Endrizzi Marco , Basta Dario , Olivo Alessandro
Published: September 2015

We report on a laboratory X-ray phase-contrast imaging technique based on the edge illumination principle that substantially relaxes the existing limitations on system set up and data acquisition, allowing an increase in tolerance of misalignments by at least two orders of magnitude. The robustness of this approach was systematically studied by means of experiments with our prototype. Numerical simulations were also performed in order to assess the dependence of the image quality on the data acquisition scheme. The results show that errors in the positioning of the masks within a 1° range for all the angles, and within 1 mm range of translation, do not noticeably affect image quality. We also show that, if the misalignment does not exceed few tens of micrometers, three intensity projections are sufficient to effectively retrieve the three representations of the sample, allowing for optimization of dose or time efficiency even with a non-ideal system.
Space charge inhibition effect of nano-Fe3O4 on improvement of impulse breakdown voltage of transformer oil based on improved Kerr optic measurements
Authors: Yang Qing , Yu Fei , Sima Wenxia , Zahn Markus
Published: September 2015

Transformer oil-based nanofluids (NFs) with 0.03 g/L Fe3O4 nanoparticle content exhibit 11.2% higher positive impulse breakdown voltage levels than pure transformer oils. To study the effects of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles on the space charge in transformer oil and to explain why the nano-modified transformer oil exhibits improved impulse breakdown voltage characteristics, the traditional Kerr electro-optic field mapping technique is improved by increasing the length of the parallel-plate electrodes and by using a photodetector array as a high light sensitivity device. The space charge distributions of pure transformer oil and of NFs containing Fe3O4 nanoparticles can be measured using the improved Kerr electro-optic field mapping technique. Test results indicate a significant reduction in space charge density in the transformer oil-based NFs with the Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The fast electrons are captured by the nanoparticles and are converted into slow-charged particles in the NFs, which then reduce the space charge density and result in a more uniform electric field distribution. Streamer propagation in the NFs is also obstructed, and the breakdown strengths of the NFs under impulse voltage conditions are also improved.
Semasiological corpus-based approach to identifying conceptual metaphor (SCAICM)
Authors: Al-Saggaf Mohammad Ali , Mohd Yasin Mohamad Subakir , Ho-Abdullah Imran
Published: September 2015

This paper is an attempt to develop a new mechanism for semasiologically identifying conceptual metaphors in a particular discourse (SCAICM). Based on Lakoff and Johnson’s (1980) conceptual metaphor theory (CMT)’ and aided with corpus tools, the proposed method complements previously suggested mechanisms by Jaekel (1995, 1997, 2002), Steen (1999, 2007, 2010), Deignan (1999, 2008) and Stefanowitsch (2006). This mechanism attempts to suggest solutions to methodological problems associated with the previous mechanisms, such as the starting point, overlooking instances of potential metaphors, neglecting stretches of words, and covering larger corpora. The proposed method is assumed to account for all and every instance of potential conceptual metaphor in corpora under investigation and it combines qualitative with quantitative analysis interchangeably. The method is implemented to ongoing PhD research addressing conceptual metaphors in selected English translations of the Noble Qur’an (ETNQs).
Species-targeted plant conservation: time for conceptual integration
Authors: Volis Sergei
Published: September 2015

To date, there have been only limited attempts to conceptually unifyex situandin situapproaches as parts of an integrated conservation methodology. This paper is an attempt of such conceptual integration of existing approaches for the efficient conservation of rare and endangered plant species. My integration of available plant conservation biology literature is based on the idea that ecologically significant species genetic variation is of primary importance for plant conservation. This idea is used for providing guidelines about inventory of existing populations, sampling and propagating sampled material, and use of this material in species recovery actions.
The effects of Bombyx mori silk strain and extraction time on the molecular and biological characteristics of sericin
Authors: Siritientong Tippawan , Bonani Walter , Motta Antonella , Migliaresi Claudio , Aramwit Pornanong
Published: September 2015

Sericin was extracted from three strains of Thai Bombyx mori silk cocoons (white shell Chul1/1, greenish shell Chul3/2, and yellow shell Chul4/2) by a high-pressure and high-temperature technique. The characteristics of sericin extracted from different fractions (15, 45, and 60 min extraction process) were compared. No differences in amino acid composition were observed among the three fractions. For all silk strains, sericin extracted from a 15-min process presented the highest molecular weight. The biological potential of the different sericin samples as a bioadditive for 3T3 fibroblast cells was assessed. When comparing sericin extracted from three silk strains, sericin fractions extracted from Chul4/2 improved cell proliferation, while sericin from Chul 1/1 activated Type I collagen production to the highest extent. This study allows the natural variability of sericin obtained from different sources and extraction conditions to be addressed and provides clues for the selection of sericin sources.
A review of status of living languages of African origin
Authors: Nkuna Paul Hendry
Published: September 2015

The colonial powers subjected the African states to adopting the imported languages, for examples, Arabic, English, French, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish; as the only official languages in different African countries. This created a language barrier and led to the official language problem in the continent. The Organisation of the African Unity (OAU) proposed the replacement of imported languages to Africa by living languages of African origin, since 1986. This was not practicable and there was no way the OAU’s proposal could resolve the language barrier and the official language problem in the continent because the imported languages were already part of the language situation in the continent. There was a decisive shift in the 1997 Harare Intergovernmental Conference on Language Policies in Africa when the language specialists recommended that the imported languages should be accepted as part of the language situation in Africa. The African Union succeeded the OAU in 2002; and it established an Academy of African Languages and its statutes were adopted in January 2006.Today, the statutes have completed eight years, but only few African countries have considered the official status of living languages of African origin, and the language barrier still haunts the continent. This paper focuses on the review of the living languages of African origin and their official status in Africa. The review shows that the colonial hard and global soft powers surpassed the African Union power. Therefore, the African Union should strengthen its power to address the language barrier in the continent.
On finding solutions of a Kirchhoff type problem
Authors: Huang Yisheng , Liu Zeng , Wu Yuanze
Published: September 2015

Consider the Kirchhoff type problem
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B

R

,

u

a
m
p
;
>
0
,

a
m
p
;

a
m
p
;

in 

B

R

,

u

a
m
p
;
=
0
,

a
m
p
;

a
m
p
;

on 

∂

B

R

,

\begin{equation}\tag {$\mathcal {P}$} \left \{ \begin {aligned} -\bigg (a+b\int _{\mathbb {B}_R}|\nabla u|^2dx\bigg )\Delta u&= \lambda u^{q-1} + \mu u^{p-1}, &&\text {in $\mathbb {B}_R$}, \\ u&>0, &&\text {in $\mathbb {B}_R$},\\ u&=0, &&\text {on $\partial \mathbb {B}_R$}, \end{aligned} \right . \end{equation}

where

B

R

⊂

R

N

(
N
≥
3
)

\mathbb {B}_R\subset \mathbb {R}^N(N\geq 3)

is a ball,

2
≤
q
>
p
≤

2
∗

:=

2
N

N
−
2

2\leq q>p\leq 2^*:=\frac {2N}{N-2}

and

a
a

,

b
b

,

λ
\lambda

,

μ
\mu

are positive parameters. By introducing some new ideas and using the well-known results of the problem

(

P

)

(\mathcal {P})

in the cases of

a
=
μ
=
1

a=\mu =1

and

b
=
0

b=0

, we obtain some special kinds of solutions to

(

P

)

(\mathcal {P})

for all

N
≥
3

N\geq 3

with precise expressions on the parameters

a
a

,

b
b

,

λ
\lambda

,

μ
\mu

, which reveals some new phenomenons of the solutions to the problem

(

P

)

(\mathcal {P})

. It is also worth pointing out that it seems to be the first time that the solutions of

(

P

)

(\mathcal {P})

can be expressed precisely on the parameters

a
a

,

b
b

,

λ
\lambda

,

μ
\mu

, and our results in dimension four also give a partial answer to Naimen’s open problems [J. Differential Equations 257 (2014), 1168–1193]. Furthermore, our results in dimension four seem to be almost “optimal”.
A sharp lower bound on the polygonal isoperimetric deficit
Authors: Indrei Emanuel
Published: September 2015

It is shown that the isoperimetric deficit of a convex polygon

P
P

admits a lower bound in terms of the variance of the radii of

P
P

, the area of

P
P

, and the variance of the barycentric angles of

P
P

. The proof involves circulant matrix theory and a Taylor expansion of the deficit on a compact manifold.
Linear congruences with ratios
Authors: Shparlinski Igor
Published: September 2015

We use new bounds of double exponential sums with ratios of integers from prescribed intervals to get an asymptotic formula for the number of solutions to congruences
\[

∑

j
=
1

n

a
j

x
j

y
j

≡

a
0

(
mod

p
)
,

\sum _{j=1}^n a_j \frac {x_j}{y_j} \equiv a_0 \pmod p,

\]
with variables from rather general sets.
The spectrum of the growth rate of the tunnel number is infinite
Authors: Baker Kenneth , Kobayashi Tsuyoshi , Rieck Yo’av
Published: September 2015

For any

ϵ
>
0

\epsilon > 0

we construct a hyperbolic knot

K
⊂

S

3

K \subset S^{3}

for which

1
−
ϵ
>

g
r

t

(
K
)
>
1

1 - \epsilon > \mathrm {gr}_t(K) > 1

. This shows that the spectrum of the growth rate of the tunnel number is infinite.
Global splittings and super Harish-Chandra pairs for affine supergroups
Authors: Gavarini Fabio
Published: September 2015

This paper dwells upon two aspects of affine supergroup theory, investigating the links among them.

First, the “splitting” properties of affine supergroups are discussed, i.e., special kinds of factorizations they may admit — either globally, or pointwise. Almost everything should be more or less known, but seems to be not as clear in the literature (to the author’s knowledge) as it ought to.

Second, a new contribution to the study of affine supergroups by means of super Harish-Chandra pairs is presented (a method already introduced by Koszul, and later extended by other authors). Namely, a new functorial construction

Ψ
\Psi

is provided which, with each super Harish-Chandra pair, associates an affine supergroup that is always globally strongly split (in short, gs-split) — thus setting a link with the first part of the paper. One knows that there exists a natural functor

Φ
\Phi

from affine supergroups to super Harish-Chandra pairs. Then we show that the new functor

Ψ
\Psi

— which goes the other way round — is indeed a quasi-inverse to

Φ

\Phi \,

, provided we restrict our attention to the subcategory of affine supergroups that are gs-split. Therefore, (the restrictions of)

Φ
\Phi

and

Ψ
\Psi

are equivalences between the categories of gs-split affine supergroups and of super Harish-Chandra pairs. Such a result was known in other contexts, such as the smooth differential or the complex analytic one, via different approaches. Nevertheless, the novelty in the present paper lies in the construction of a different functor

Ψ
\Psi

and thus extends the result to a much larger setup, with a totally different, more geometrical method. In fact, this method (very concrete, indeed) is universal and characteristic-free and is presented here for the algebro-geometric setting, but actually it can be easily adapted to the frameworks of differential or complex analytic supergeometry.

The case of linear supergroups is treated also as an intermediate, inspiring step.

Some examples, applications and further generalizations are presented at the end of the paper.
Low doses of ultraviolet radiation and oxidative damage induce dramatic accumulation of mitochondrial DNA replication intermediates, fork regression, and replication initiation shift
Authors: Torregrosa-Muñumer Rubén , Goffart Steffi , Haikonen Juha A. , Pohjoismäki Jaakko L. O.
Published: September 2015

Mitochondrial DNA is prone to damage by various intrinsic as well as environmental stressors. DNA damage can in turn cause problems for replication, resulting in replication stalling and double-strand breaks, which are suspected to be the leading cause of pathological mtDNA rearrangements. In this study, we exposed cells to subtle levels of oxidative stress or UV radiation and followed their effects on mtDNA maintenance. Although the damage did not influence mtDNA copy number, we detected a massive accumulation of RNA:DNA hybrid–containing replication intermediates, followed by an increase in cruciform DNA molecules, as well as in bidirectional replication initiation outside of the main replication origin, OH. Our results suggest that mitochondria maintain two different types of replication as an adaptation to different cellular environments; the RNA:DNA hybrid–involving replication mode maintains mtDNA integrity in tissues with low oxidative stress, and the potentially more error tolerant conventional strand-coupled replication operates when stress is high.
Shakespeare in London
Authors: Wells Stanley
Published: September 2015

‘Shakespeare in London’ describes Shakespeare’s professional life in London and what is known about his private life at that time. It considers how he worked and where his plays came from. Shakespeare borrowed the narrative material of almost all his plays from books, whether fictional, mythical, historical, or theatrical, but he turned this raw material into original drama. It also describes his poems that seem to be composed for his own pleasure; a collection of 154 of these sonnets were published in 1609 by Thomas Thorpe. Shakespeare’s writing career seems to have come to an end around the time that the Globe burnt down, in June 1613, but was this just a coincidence?
Plays of the 1590s
Authors: Wells Stanley
Published: September 2015

During the first decade of Shakespeare’s career he wrote a series of closely inter-related plays based on English history drawing heavily on Holinshed’s Chronicles and other accounts. These plays show a serious concern with political problems, with the responsibilities of a king, his relationship with the people, the need for national unity, and the relationship between national welfare and self-interest. ‘Plays of the 1590s’ introduces each of these plays, sketching its origins, stories, and themes. It also touches on aspects of Shakespeare’s techniques and artistry. The plays considered are Henry VI (Parts One to Three), Richard III, Titus Andronicus, Romeo and Juliet, Richard II, Henry IV, Henry V , Edward III, and King John.
Tragicomedy
Authors: Wells Stanley
Published: September 2015

Shakespeare’s restlessly imaginative exploration of the possibilities of comic form led him into new paths in four plays based on romance literature that show him continuing to experiment with new dramatic techniques. All their plots include highly improbable and supernatural elements. All tell of high-born families and lovers separated by catastrophe, sometimes natural, at other times humanly contrived. All span large areas of space and time and involve leading characters in suffering. Tragicomedy describes Pericles, Cymbeline, The Winter’s Tale, and The Tempest before going on to discuss Shakespeare’s collaboration with John Fletcher at the very end of his career when they worked together on Cardenio, All Is True, and The Two Noble Kinsmen.
Epilogue
Authors: Wells Stanley
Published: September 2015

Shakespeare’s plays and poems have had, and continue increasingly to have, a major impact on many areas of human life. Fellow poets from Ben Jonson onwards have written appreciatively of Shakespeare and have been inspired by him. Over the years, philosophers and thinkers of many nationalities have come under Shakespeare’s influence and written about him. The ‘Epilogue’ explains that Shakespeare can be appreciated and enjoyed in many different ways. The most obvious way to get to know him is to see his plays performed in the medium for which he wrote them, the theatre. To do so is to experience simultaneously the art of the playwright and the art of his interpreters.
Genetic landscape with sharp discontinuities shaped by complex demographic history in moose ( Alces alces )
Authors: Wennerström Lovisa , Ryman Nils , Tison Jean-Luc , Hasslow Anna , Dalén Love , Laikre Linda
Published: September 2015

The moose ( Alces alces ) is the most intensely managed game species in Fennoscandia; approximately one-third of the population, ca. 160,000 animals, is harvested annually. Despite the species’ biological and socioeconomic importance, there are knowledge gaps with respect to its intraspecific diversity and genetic structure. Recent studies of moose in neighboring countries report 2 genetic groups in Finland, 3 in Norway with one of them suggested to be of ancient origin, and no indications of bottlenecks. To delineate the spatial genetic landscape of the Swedish moose, we used allozyme variability from over 20,000 georeferenced moose collected all over Sweden in combination with 12 microsatellites ( n > 1,200) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences ( n = 44). We combined individual-based and traditional statistical approaches with coalescence-based simulations. The results indicate a complex history with bottlenecks and recent expansions that is consistent with historical records. Swedish moose are separated into 2 major genetic groups, a northern and a southern one, where the southern group is further divided into 3 subgroups. The 2 main subpopulations are moderately differentiated ( FST = 0.1; RST = 0.07) and separated by sharp genetic discontinuities occurring over a relatively narrow transition zone in central Sweden that coincides with a similar, previously reported transition zone in Norway. This differentiation is not reflected in mtDNA variation, where no significant divergence was observed. Together with the FST and RST similarities, this suggests that the 2 major subpopulations in Sweden reflect divergence shaped after the postglacial recolonization of Scandinavia. Neighborhood size assessments indicate that gene flow is relatively restricted with an estimated average dispersal distance of 3.5–11.1 km, and spatial autocorrelograms suggest that genetic similarity decreases almost linearly over space resulting in continuous genetic clines within major subgroups. Management areas largely coincide with genetic clusters, simplifying the integration of genetic information into management.
ALMA images of discs: are all gaps carved by planets?
Authors: Gonzalez J.-F. , Laibe G. , Maddison S. T. , Pinte C. , Ménard F.
Published: September 2015

Protoplanetary discs are now routinely observed and exoplanets, after the numerous indirect discoveries, are starting to be directly imaged. To better understand the planet formation process, the next step is the detection of forming planets or of signposts of young planets still in their disc, such as gaps. A spectacular example is the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) science verification image of HL Tau showing numerous gaps and rings in its disc. To study the observability of planet gaps, we ran 3D hydrodynamical simulations of a gas and dust disc containing a 5 MJ gap-opening planet and characterized the spatial distribution of migrating, growing and fragmenting dust grains. We then computed the corresponding synthetic images for ALMA. For a value of the dust fragmentation threshold of 15 m s−1 for the collisional velocity, we identify for the first time a self-induced dust pile-up in simulations taking fragmentation into account. This feature, in addition to the easily detected planet gap, causes a second apparent gap that could be mistaken for the signature of a second planet. It is therefore essential to be cautious in the interpretation of gap detections.