bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regulation of long noncoding RNAs in the pathogenesis and clinical implications of pituitary adenomas
Authors: Wang Ling , Xu Dingkai
Published: October 2023

Background

Pituitary adenoma (PA) is a type of tumor that develops in the sella turcica and is one of the most frequent intracranial tumors. It belongs to a type of adenoma derived from a single clone of cells in the pituitary gland. PA ranks third among all intracranial tumors, following only gliomas and meningioma. The average prevalence rate is approximately 15% at autopsy and 22.5% at radiological examinations.

Objective and Significance

Most PAs are benign and non‐invasive adenomas that can be removed surgically or controlled with medication. However, approximately 35% of them show invasion into nearby anatomical structures and cannot be completely resected. 0.1%~0.2% of PA cases eventually develop into pituitary carcinomas. Additionally, PA may cause severe morbidity due to mass effects and the disorder of pituitary hormone secretion. Therefore, there is an urgent need to clarify the pathological mechanism of PA, improve the accuracy of diagnosis, and develop targeted therapies.

Research Status

Although current knowledge about the pathogenesis of PA remains limited, epigenetic modulation of PA has been increasingly implicated. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are known to regulate gene expression post‐transcriptionally and exert substantial roles in the initiation, progression, or suppression of various tumors. Accumulating evidence has shown close relationships between lncRNA dysregulation and PA development.

Conclusions

This review highlights recent progress in the study of lncRNAs in PA pathogenesis and their potential as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets for PA patients.
TNFAIP3 interacting protein 2 relieves lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced inflammatory injury in endometritis by inhibiting NF‐kappaB activation
Authors: Qian Xinxin , Wang Yan , Li Xingmei , Li Yuewen , Li Liping
Published: October 2023

Background

Endometritis seriously affects the health of women, and it is important to identify new targets for its treatment.

Objective

This study aimed to explore the role of TNFAIP3 interacting protein 2 (TNIP2) in endometritis through human endometrial epithelial cells (hEECs) stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Methods

hEECs were induced with LPS to build a cellular model of endometritis. Cell growth and apoptosis were detected by cell counting kit‐8 and flow cytometry. The TNIP2 mRNA and protein levels were measured using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and western blot analysis, respectively. The caspase3 activity was calculated using a Caspase3 activity kit. Interleukin (IL)−1β, IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) levels were determined by enzyme‐linked‐immunosorbent‐assay. The reactive oxygen species (ROS), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were determined using the corresponding kits. Nuclear factor‐kappaB (NF‐κB) pathway was determined by western blot assay.

Results

TNIP2 was downregulated in the LPS‐induced endometritis cell model. Cell viability was reduced, apoptosis was enhanced, and IL‐6, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α levels increased in LPS‐induced hEECs. Additionally, LDH activity and ROS concentration were upregulated, whereas CAT and SOD activities were downregulated in LPS‐induced hEECs. These results were reversed by TNIP2 overexpression. Moreover, the results hinted that NF‐κB was involved in the effects of TNIP2 on the LPS‐induced endometritis cell model.

Conclusion

TNIP2 alleviated endometritis by inhibiting the NF‐κB pathway, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for endometritis.
Cervical pessary to prevent preterm birth and poor neonatal outcome: An integrity meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials focusing on adherence to the European Medical Device Regulation
Authors: Kyvernitakis Ioannis , Baschat Ahmet A. , Malan Marcel , Rath Werner , Berger Richard , Henrich Wolfgang , Schleussner Ekkehard , Yousefi Bahareh , Timmesfeld Nina , Maul Holger
Published: October 2023

Background

Findings from randomized trials (RCTs) on cervical pessary treatment to prevent spontaneous preterm birth are inconsistent.

Objectives

Our hypothesis suggests that adhering to the European Medical Device Regulation (MDR) and following the instructions for use are essential prerequisites for successful therapy. Conversely, the non‐adherence to these guidelines will probably contribute to its failure.

Search Strategy and Selection Criteria

Based on validated criteria from integrity assessments we performed a systematic review identifying 14 RCTs evaluating the effect of cervical pessaries.

Data Collection and Analysis

We analyzed the implications of 14 criteria each accounting for 0–2 points of a score reflecting the clinical evaluation plan (CEP) as proposed by the MDR to evaluate the risk–benefit ratio of medical devices.

Main Results

Seven RCTs in each singleton and twin pregnancies (5193 “cases”) were included, detecting a high heterogeneity within control groups (I2 = 85% and 87%, respectively, P < 0.01). The CEP score varied from 11 to 26 points for all studies. The most common reasons for low scores and potential data compromise were poor recruitment rates, no (completed) power analysis, and no pre‐registration, but mainly non‐adherence to technical, biological, and clinical equivalence to the instructions for use as required by the MDR. All trials with score values greater than 20 had applied audit procedures. Within this group we found significantly reduced rates of spontaneous preterm birth at less than 34 weeks within the pessary group in singleton (odds ratio 0.28; 95% confidence interval 0.12–0.65) and twin pregnancies (odds ratio 0.30; 95% confidence interval 0.13–0.67). Similarly, there was a significant reduction in the composite poor neonatal outcome in singleton (odds ratio 0.25; 95% confidence interval 0.10–0.61) and twin pregnancies (odds ratio 0.54; 95% confidence interval 0.35–0.82) after a pessary as compared with controls.

Conclusion

Non‐audited RCTs and meta‐analyses mixing studies of different clinical quality as pre‐defined by a CEP and the MDR pose the risk for erroneous conclusions.
Temporal Relationships Among Testosterone Production, Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein (StAR), and P450 Side‐Chain Cleavage Enzyme (P450scc) During Leydig Cell Aging
Authors: Luo Lindi , Chen Haolin , Zirkin Barry R.
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT: Previous studies have shown that the capacity of Leydig cells from aged (21‐24‐month‐old) Brown Norway rats to produce testosterone is reduced from young (4‐month‐old) levels, and that this is correlated with reductions in steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), peripheral benzodiazapine receptor (PBR), and the levels and activities of the steroidogenic enzymes. The age(s) at which particular changes in the steroidogenic pathway occur, and the relationship of particular changes to reduced testosterone production, are not known. We examined 3 critical components of the steroidogenic pathway, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production, StAR, and P450 side‐chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) in relationship to age‐related decreases in testosterone production. Leydig cells isolated from Brown Norway rats of increasing ages (4, 9, 15, and 20 months) were evaluated. The ability of Leydig cells to produce testosterone was reduced at 9 months, although not significantly. Significant reductions in testosterone production were first seen in cells isolated from rats of 15 months of age, and further reductions occurred thereafter. Reduced testosterone was correlated with reductions in StAR, P450scc mRNA, and protein. Significant decline in luteinizing hormone‐stimulated intracellular cAMP levels was seen by 9 months, before significant reductions in testosterone, StAR, and P450scc. Further declines in cAMP levels were seen at 15 and 20 months. These studies suggest that age‐related reductions in intracellular cAMP may lead to the reduced testosterone production that characterizes aged Leydig cells. This suggestion is supported by recent studies from our lab demonstrating that long‐term (3 days) culture of old Leydig cells with dbcAMP restored testosterone production to levels approximating those of young cells.
Soluble P‐Cadherin Found in Human Semen
Authors: de Paul Ana L. , Bonaterra Monica , Soler Alejandro Peralta , Knudsen Karen A. , Roth Felix D. , Aoki Agustin
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT: Cadherins constitute a family of calcium‐dependent cell‐cell adhesion molecules. P (placental)‐cadherin is a 118‐kd protein expressed by basal cells in epithelial tissues. P‐cadherin also has been described as a soluble protein in certain biological fluids, including human serum and breast milk. Here, we report the presence of an 80‐kD fragment of P‐cadherin in human semen. No significant differences were found in semen samples from fertile and nonfertile patients. Our results add evidence to previous data indicating that soluble fragments of P‐cadherin have a widespread distribution in bodily fluids and suggest that soluble P‐cadherin might have functions other than basal epithelial cell‐cell adhesion.
Clipless Needlescopic Bilateral Varix Ligation
Authors: Chueh Shih‐Chieh , Liao Chun‐Hou , Wang So‐Mon , Hsieh Ming‐Hsueh , Lai Ming‐Kuen , Chen Jun
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT: We report a novel technique of clipless needlescopic bilateral varix ligation and compare its results with the conventional laparoscopic approach. The positions of ports and surgical procedures were similar to those of the conventional 3‐port laparoscopic technique, but all 5‐ and 10‐mm trocars were replaced by 2‐mm trocars. The internal spermatic veins proximal to the internal inguinal ring were isolated and coagulated for an adequate segment with a 2‐mm bipolar electrocautery apparatus and then transected. The perioperative parameters of 25 patients operated on in this manner were compared with a historical cohort of 25 patients operated on using the conventional laparoscopic approach. Both groups of patients had uneventful surgery with no complications. The mean amount of analgesics used (1.25 vs 3.68 mg of morphine sulfate equivalent, P = .03), the maximal and mean postoperative pain scores (3.5 vs 5.6 and 2.5 vs 4.0, respectively, both P < .05), the postoperative hospital stay (0.5 vs 1.1 days, P = .03), and convalescence to normal activity (0.56 ± 0.3 vs 1.64 ± 0.4 weeks, P = .01) were all significantly decreased in the needlescopic group. We conclude that needlescopic bilateral varix ligation not only is feasible and safe but also provides the same therapeutic efficacy of a conventional laparoscopic approach; most importantly, it causes less pain and yields faster convalescence and excellent cosmetic results.
Relationship Between Sperm Viability as Determined by Flow Cytometry and Nonreturn Rate of Dairy Bulls
Authors: Christensen Preben , Boelling Dorothee , Pedersen Kurt Myrup , Korsgaard Inge Riis , Jensen Just
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT:A newly developed flow cytometric method for determination of sperm concentration and viability was tested in an insemination trial with cryopreserved bull sperm to establish the relationship between sperm viability and nonreturn rates. Semen for experimental inseminations was produced from 157 young sires (114 Holstein and 43 Jersey), each contributing 4 experimental semen collections. Straws containing approximately 15 × 106motile sperm before freezing were used in 118 680 experimental inseminations performed by 254 artificial insemination technicians in 6352 Danish herds. Statistical analysis based on 44 946 experimental first inseminations showed that the major part (95.4%) of variation in the 56‐day nonreturn rate (NRR56) was residual. Only 0.38% of the total variation in NRR56 was due to bulls and differences between ejaculate within bull. However, bulls were preselected, and a relatively high insemination dose was used. Correlations between sperm viability as assessed by flow cytometry and NRR56 was slightly lower than observed for microscopic assessment of sperm motility. However, flow cytometry makes it possible to achieve an objective and precise determination of sperm viability. It was therefore possible to calculate the effect on NRR56 provided selection of semen is based on the flow cytometric method. Three freezing extenders were used in this experiment, but a significant difference in NRR56 was not observed. Flow cytometric results for 1 extender (Biociphos Plus) indicated poorer sperm survival during postthaw incubation compared with Triladyl extender with whole and with clarified egg yolk.
Capillary‐Loaded Particle Fluid Dynamics: Effect on Estimation of Sperm Concentration
Authors: Douglas‐Hamilton Diarmaid H. , Smith Nancy G. , Kuster Christopher E. , Vermeiden Jan P. W. , Althouse Gary C.
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT: Capillary loaded chambers are frequently used for semen analysis. Poiseuille flow of specimen into these chambers causes migration of suspended particles or cells in a direction transverse to the flow, which results in their preferential accumulation in the Segre‐Silberberg (SS) planes. This SS effect depends on the transverse velocity gradient in the laminar flow. For semen analysis in thin capillary‐loaded slides, the SS effect can lead to erroneous estimation of sample sperm‐cell concentration. To better understand chamber flow dynamics and SS effect significance, we assessed flow uniformity, inflow cell velocity, and results of concentration measurements under different flow conditions for latex bead and porcine and human sperm suspensions. Overall, a concentration peak was present at the meniscus, which continued through chamber loading. High‐velocity SS preferred planes, which channeled particles toward the meniscus, were located at the fractional positions of β = .27 and β = .73, where β is the distance from wall to plane normalized to the chamber depth. In computer‐automated semen analysis, a standard 20‐μm × 18‐mm × 6‐mm chamber is commonly used, and these studies supported our previously published fluid‐flow theory for this type of chamber. Conversely, the SS effect does not appear to have time to develop in the 100‐μm‐depth hemacytometer, which is deeper than the standard slide, has lower transverse velocity gradient, and consequently does not exhibit concentration variation due to the SS effect. These findings provide further support that hemacytometry, when performed properly, remains the gold standard. Applicability of our findings to routine semen analyses was then tested in 2 studies performed with independent boar studs. These studies compared diluted boar semen concentrations estimated by standard hemacytometry and in capillary‐loaded 20‐μm slides, using a computer‐automated semen‐analysis system designed to compensate for the SS effect. Good numerical agreement for sperm concentration with a high degree of correlation (r2 = .936) was found between the 2 techniques. These findings reaffirm the need to critically assess new technologies for accuracy, repeatability, and precision.
Quantitation of Seminal Factor IX and Factor IXa in Fertile, Nonfertile, and Vasectomy Subjects: A Step Closer Toward Identifying a Functional Clotting System in Human Semen
Authors: Lwaleed Bashir A. , Greenfield Robert S. , Hicks James , Birch Brian R. , Cooper Alan J.
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT: Coagulation factor (F) IX is a zymogen of the plasma serine proteases, one that plays an essential role in the regulation of normal blood coagulation. Congenital defects of FIX synthesis or function cause hemophilia B (originally called hemophilia C). Factor IX is activated by Tissue Factor (TF):FVII/FVIIa complex and FXIa. Subsequent to its activation, FIXa combines with FVIIIa on the platelet surface and activates FX to FXa. Human semen forms a semi‐solid gelatinous coagulum, which then liquefies within 5–20 minutes in vitro. In spite of evidence demonstrating the importance of the seminal coagulation and liquefaction process in terms of global fertility and despite the fact that the seminal coagulum is composed of fibrin‐like material, it has always been addressed from the perspective of High Molecular Weight Seminal Vesicle (HMW‐SV) proteins (Semenogelin I and II) and their cleavage by prostate‐specific antigen rather than the conventional hemostatic factors. In this study and as part of our continuing investigation of human seminal clotting factors, we report here on seminal FIX and FIXa in normal, subfertile, and vasectomized subjects. Factors IX and FIXa were studied in a total of 119 semen specimens obtained from subfertile (n = 18), normally fertile (n = 34), and fertile sperm donors (n = 27) and vasectomy subjects (n = 40). Seminal FIX and FIXa levels were also measured in a group defined by normality in several parameters derived from the World Health Organization fertility criteria and termed “pooled normal semen parameters.” Both FIX and FIXa were quantifiable in human semen. There was a wide individual variation in FIX and FIXa levels within groups. Despite the group size, statistically significant associations with fertility‐related parameters were infrequent. There is a positive correlation between FIX and its activation product, FIXa (n = 36; r = 0.51; P < .05). Factor IXa elevation in the high sperm‐clump group was significant (P < .05), and days of abstention correlated with FIXa levels (n = 63; r = 0.3; P < .05). The key finding of the present study is that both FIX and FIXa are present in concentrations that are not dissimilar to plasma levels and that are apparently functional, as the activated form is also present. This fact, taken with other reports of coagulation factors in semen, raises the likelihood that a functional set of hemostatic coagulation proteins exists in semen, potentially to interact with the HMW‐SV proteins and the prostate‐specific antigen system.
Toward establishing a qualifying autoclitic repertoire in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Owen Todd M. , Rodriguez Nicole M.
Published: October 2023

Autoclitics are secondary verbal operants that are controlled by a feature of the conditions that occasion or evoke a primary verbal operant such as a tact or mand. Qualifying autoclitics extend, negate, or assert a speaker's primary verbal response and modify the intensity or direction of the listener's behavior. Howard and Rice (1988) established autoclitics that indicated weak stimulus control (e.g., “like a [primary tact]”) with four neurotypical preschool children. However, generalization to newly acquired tacts was limited. In Experiment 1, we addressed similar behavior as in Howard and Rice but with autistic children while using simultaneous teaching procedures, and we observed generalization across sets and with newly acquired tacts. In Experiment 2, we evaluated the effects of multiple‐exemplar training on generalization of autoclitics across sets of naturalistic stimuli. Across participants, gradual increases in the frequency of autoclitics occurred with untaught stimuli after teaching with one or more sets.
Identifying Rare Genetic Determinants for Improved Polygenic Risk Prediction of Bone Mineral Density and Fracture Risk
Authors: Lu Tianyuan , Forgetta Vincenzo , Zhou Sirui , Richards J Brent , Greenwood Celia MT
Published: October 2023

Osteoporosis and fractures severely impact the elderly population. Polygenic risk scores for bone mineral density have demonstrated potential clinical utility. However, the value of rare genetic determinants in risk prediction has not been assessed. With whole-exome sequencing data from 436,824 UK Biobank participants, we assigned White British ancestry individuals into a training data set (n = 317,434) and a test data set (n = 74,825). In the training data set, we developed a common variant-based polygenic risk score for heel ultrasound speed of sound (SOS). Next, we performed burden testing to identify genes harboring rare determinants of bone mineral density, targeting influential rare variants with predicted high deleteriousness. We constructed a genetic risk score, called ggSOS, to incorporate influential rare variants in significant gene burden masks into the common variant-based polygenic risk score. We assessed the predictive performance of ggSOS in the White British test data set, as well as in populations of non-White British European (n = 18,885), African (n = 7165), East Asian (n = 2236), South Asian (n = 9829), and other admixed (n = 1481) ancestries. Twelve genes in pivotal regulatory pathways of bone homeostasis harbored influential rare variants associated with SOS (p < 5.5 × 10−7), including AHNAK, BMP5, CYP19A1, FAM20A, FBXW5, KDM5B, KREMEN1, LGR4, LRP5, SMAD6, SOST, and WNT1. Among 4013 (5.4%) individuals in the test data set carrying these variants, a one standard deviation decrease in ggSOS was associated with 1.35-fold (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16–1.57) increased hazard of major osteoporotic fracture. However, compared with a common variant-based polygenic risk score (C-index = 0.641), ggSOS had only marginally improved prediction accuracy in identifying at-risk individuals (C-index = 0.644), with overlapping confidence intervals. Similarly, ggSOS did not demonstrate substantially improved predictive performance in non-European ancestry populations. In summary, modeling the effects of rare genetic determinants may assist polygenic prediction of fracture risk among carriers of influential rare variants. Nonetheless, improved clinical utility is not guaranteed for population-level risk screening. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Bridging Eulerian and Lagrangian Poisson–Boltzmann solvers by ESES
Authors: Ullah Sheik Ahmed , Yang Xin , Jones Ben , Zhao Shan , Geng Weihua , Wei Guo‐Wei
Published: October 2023

The Poisson–Boltzmann (PB) model is a widely used electrostatic model for biomolecular solvation analysis. Formulated as an elliptic interface problem, the PB model can be numerically solved on either Eulerian meshes using finite difference/finite element methods or Lagrangian meshes using boundary element methods. Molecular surface generators, which produce the discretized dielectric interfaces between solutes and solvents, are critical factors in determining the accuracy and efficiency of the PB solvers. In this work, we investigate the utility of the Eulerian Solvent Excluded Surface (ESES) software for rendering conjugated Eulerian and Lagrangian surface representations, which enables us to numerically validate and compare the quality of Eulerian PB solvers, such as the MIBPB solver, and the Lagrangian PB solvers, such as the TABI‐PB solver. Furthermore, with the ESES software and its associated PB solvers, we are able to numerically validate an interesting and useful but often neglected source‐target symmetric property associated with the linearized PB model.
COVID‐19 and the chemical industry: impacts, challenges, and opportunities
Authors: Abedsoltan Hossein
Published: October 2023

The COVID‐19 pandemic imposed unparalleled challenges for the chemical industry, leading to disruptions in supply chains and demand dynamics. This period of crisis tested the adaptability and resilience of global chemical companies. Despite the challenges, the chemical industry exhibited remarkable innovation, collaboration, and adaptability. It demonstrated its capacity to respond swiftly and effectively to societal needs. Key lessons emerged, emphasizing the importance of diversifying supply chains, implementing scenario planning, and embracing digitalization for enhanced preparedness. As the world progresses toward recovery, the chemical industry is poised to leverage the valuable lessons learned. Industry 4.0 adoption, agile decision‐making, and collaborative efforts with various sectors, research institutions, and governments have accelerated digital transformation and enabled collective responses to global challenges. By focusing on healthcare, advanced materials, and circular economy initiatives, the industry can align with market trends and contribute to societal needs. Furthermore, prioritizing sustainability, regionalization, and responsible practices will be integral to future success. Proactive measures such as strengthening supply chain resilience, enhancing digital capabilities, and fostering a culture of innovation will empower chemical companies to navigate future challenges with confidence. By investing in sustainability, employee well‐being, and responsible practices, the chemical industry can play a pivotal role in building a more resilient and sustainable world. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
The Alon–Tarsi number of planar graphs revisited
Authors: Gu Yangyan , Zhu Xuding
Published: October 2023

This paper gives a simple proof of the result that every planar graph has Alon–Tarsi number at most 5, and has a matching such that has Alon–Tarsi number at most 4.
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 mediates arginine symmetric dimethylation of influenza A virus PB2 and supports viral replication
Authors: Sun Huimin , Tu Shaoyu , Luo Didan , Dai Chao , Jin Meilin , Chen Huanchun , Zou Jiahui , Zhou Hongbo
Published: October 2023

Influenza A virus (IAV) relies on intricate and highly coordinated associations with host factors for efficient replication and transmission. Characterization of such factors holds great significance for development of anti‐IAV drugs. Our study identified protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) as a novel host factor indispensable for IAV replication. Silencing PRMT5 resulted in drastic repression of IAV replication. Our findings revealed that PRMT5 interacts with each protein component of viral ribonucleoproteins (vRNPs) and promotes arginine symmetric dimethylation of polymerase basic 2 (PB2). Overexpression of PRMT5 enhanced viral polymerase activity in a dose‐dependent manner, emphasizing its role in genome transcription and replication of IAV. Moreover, analysis of PB2 protein sequences across various subtypes of IAVs demonstrated the high conservation of potential RG motifs recognized by PRMT5. Overall, our study suggests that PRMT5 supports IAV replication by facilitating viral polymerase activity by interacting with PB2 and promoting its arginine symmetric dimethylation. This study deepens our understanding of how IAV manipulates host factors to facilitate its replication and highlights the great potential of PRMT5 to serve as an anti‐IAV therapeutic target.
Effects of biochar and compost addition in potting substrates on growth and volatile compounds profile of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)
Authors: Nocentini Marco , Mastrolonardo Giovanni , Michelozzi Marco , Cencetti Gabriele , Lenzi Anna , Panettieri Marco , Knicker Heike , Certini Giacomo
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

Despite the optimal characteristics of peat, more environmental‐friendly materials are needed in the nursery sector, although these must guarantee specific quantitative and qualitative commercial standards. In the present study, we evaluated the influence of biochar and compost as peat surrogates on yield and essential oil profile of two different varieties of basil (Ocimum basilicum var. Italiano and Ocimum basilicum var. minimum). In two 50‐day pot experiments, we checked the performances of biochar from pruning of urban trees and composted kitchen scraps, both mixed in different proportions with commercial peat (first experiment), and under different nitrogen (N) fertilization regimes (second experiment), in terms of plant growth and volatile compounds profile of basil.

RESULTS

Total or high substitution of peat with biochar (100% and 50% v.v.) or compost (100%) resulted in seedling death a few days from transplantation, probably because the pH and electrical conductivity of the growing media were too high. Substrates with lower substitution rates (10–20%) were underperforming in terms of plant growth and color compared to pure commercial peat during the first experiment, whereas better performances were obtained by the nitrogen‐fertilized mixed substrates in the second experiment, at least for one variety. We identified a total of 12 and 16 aroma compounds of basil (mainly terpenes) in the two experiments. Partial replacement of peat did not affect basil volatile organic compounds content and composition, whereas N fertilization overall decreased the concentration of these compounds.

CONCLUSION

Our results support a moderate use of charred or composted materials as peat surrogates. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Signaling Pathways Triggering Therapeutic Hydrogels in Promoting Chronic Wound Healing
Authors: Chen Fang , Wu Pingli , Zhang Haisong , Sun Guoming
Published: October 2023

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the prevalence of chronic wounds, such as pressure ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers, and venous ulcers of the lower extremities. The main contributors to chronic wound formation are bacterial infection, prolonged inflammation, and peripheral vascular disease. However, effectively treating these chronic wounds remains a global challenge. Hydrogels have extensively explored as wound healing dressing because of their excellent biocompatibility and structural similarity to extracellular matrix (ECM). Nonetheless, much is still unknown how the hydrogels promote wound repair and regeneration. Signaling pathways play critical roles in wound healing process by controlling and coordinating cells and biomolecules. Hydrogels, along with their therapeutic ingredients that impact signaling pathways, have the potential to significantly enhance the wound healing process and its ultimate outcomes. Understanding this interaction will undoubtedly provide new insights into developing advanced hydrogels for wound repair and regeneration. This paper reviews the latest studies on classical signaling pathways and potential targets influenced by hydrogel scaffolds in chronic wound healing. This work hopes that it will offer a different perspective in developing more efficient hydrogels for treating chronic wounds.
One‐Pot/Simultaneous Synthesis of PHPMA‐G‐PLA Copolymers via Metal‐Free Rop/Raft Polymerization and their Self‐Assembly from Micelles to Thermoresponsive Vesicles
Authors: Lukáš Petrova Svetlana , Sincari Vladimir , Konefał Rafał , Pavlova Ewa , Lobaz Volodymyr , Kočková Olga , Hrubý Martin
Published: October 2023

The present article reports a simple and straightforward approach to access thermoresponsive graft copolymers based on lactide (LA) and a methacrylic monomer, 2‐hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA), using a synthesized carboxy‐functionalized trithiocarbonate‐based chain transfer agent. One protocol involves a metal‐free simultaneous synthesis through a combination of reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and organic acid‐catalyzed ring‐opening polymerization, which follows first‐order kinetics. The resulting copolymers with a controlled structure exhibit remarkably narrow molecular weight distributions (Ð < 1.10). Within this framework, the self‐assembly of PHPMA‐g‐PLA graft copolymers (GCs) into nanoparticles (NPs) is demonstrated at concentrations of 0.2 and 0.5 wt.%, respectively. The displacement method, based on the rapid injection of the organic solvent (acetone) into an aqueous medium under vigorous stirring, produces spherical NPs such as micelles, vesicles, or non‐spherical “lumpy rods”. The presence of a pseudo‐thermoresponsive segment (PHPMA) in GCs facilitates stimulus‐responsive self‐assembly behavior. Well‐defined spherical NPs—primarily vesicles of substantial size—develop upon heating above the glass transition temperature (Tg ≈35–36 °C) of the GCs in an acetone–water (80/20 wt.%) mixture. Last, specific interactions between the obtained PHPMA‐g‐PLA nano‐objects and blood proteins in human plasma are studied using isothermal calorimetry.
A meta‐analysis on peer‐to‐peer accommodation adoption
Authors: Ashaduzzaman Md , Weaven Scott , Ross Mitchell , Jebarajakirthy Charles , Surachartkumtonkun Jiraporn , Maseeh Haroon Iqbal
Published: October 2023

Peer‐to‐peer‐accommodation, a sharing economy‐based business model, enables using unutilized houses, apartments, and rooms of individuals to provide shared accommodation to tourists and travelers. On account of the importance of peer‐to‐peer accommodation, many studies have been conducted on factors/stimuli driving peer‐to‐peer accommodation adoption; however, findings remain inconsistent and fragmented. Accordingly, using the stimulus‐organism‐response model, this meta‐analysis provides generalized findings on determinants driving peer‐to‐peer accommodation adoption. Our meta‐analysis shows that stimuli (service characteristics, psychological aspects, social aspects, and technological aspects) drive the organism (perceived service quality) which in turn drives peer‐to‐peer accommodation adoption. Further, our moderation analysis shows that the relationship between these stimuli and the organism, and the relationship between the organism and peer‐to‐peer accommodation adoption, vary depending on four moderators: sample type, country of study, survey administration method, and sample size. Overall, this study contributes to the stimulus‐organism‐response theory by extending it to the meta‐analytical approach and suggesting a new organism for inclusion in the original stimulus‐organism‐response model. This meta‐analysis also contributes to the peer‐to‐peer accommodation and sharing economy literature and provides practical recommendations for accommodation platform providers and their listed houses to develop marketing strategy and policy.
Environment Endurable, Self‐Healing, Super‐Adhesive, and Mechanically Strong Ionogels for Reliable Sensing
Authors: Jin Zhengxu , Liu Hongyan , Zhang Huijuan
Published: October 2023

Ionogels possess high conductivity, stretchability, and adhesion, making them promising as flexible sensors. However, it remains challenging to fabricate an ionogel which integrates excellent environment endurance, superior mechanical strength, high self‐healing efficiency, and super adhesion. Herein, a supramolecular ionic liquid is synthesized using calcium chloride and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride. An advanced ionogel based on this supramolecular ionic liquid is conveniently constructed by a one‐pot method with acrylamide and acrylic acid as monomers. The supramolecular cross‐linking network, formed by affluent coordination interactions, hydrogen bonds, and electrostatic interactions, provides the ionogel with ideal mechanical strength (tensile strength up to 1.7 MPa), high self‐healing efficiency (up to 149%), super adhesion (up to 358 kPa on aluminum), excellent solvent tolerance (less than 10% weight increase, high mechanical and sensing performance retention after being soaked in organic solvents), and low‐temperature endurance (breaking elongation can reach 87% at −30 °C). The supramolecular ionogels can function as multi‐mode sensors, capable of monitoring strain and different amplitudes of human movements in real‐time. Moreover, the sensing performance of ionogels remains unaffected even after being self‐healed or exposure to organic solvents. It is expected that this study could offer valuable design ideas to construct advanced gel materials applicable in complicated environment.
Collocation method with Lagrange polynomials for variable‐order time‐fractional advection–diffusion problems
Authors: Kumar Saurabh , Gupta Vikas
Published: October 2023

In this study, we proposed a numerical technique to solve a class of variable‐order time‐fractional advection–diffusion equations (VOTFADEs) by applying an operational matrix of differentiation based on fractional‐order Lagrange polynomials (FOLPs). The variable‐order fractional derivative is assumed to be Caputo's derivative. Using the operational matrix and collocation method, the advection–diffusion equation can be reduced to an algebraic system of equations that can be solved using Newton's iterative method. Error analysis also has been carried out for the proposed method. The current approach is simple to use and computer oriented and provides highly accurate approximate solutions. The effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method are demonstrated using a few numerical examples.
Technical note: Evaluation of deep learning based synthetic CTs clinical readiness for dose and NTCP driven head and neck adaptive proton therapy
Authors: de Koster Rutger J C , Thummerer Adrian , Scandurra Daniel , Langendijk Johannes A , Both Stefan
Published: October 2023

Background

Adaptive proton therapy workflows rely on accurate imaging throughout the treatment course. Our centre currently utilizes weekly repeat CTs (rCTs) for treatment monitoring and plan adaptations. However, deep learning‐based methods have recently shown to successfully correct CBCT images, which suffer from severe imaging artifacts, and generate high quality synthetic CT (sCT) images which enable CBCT‐based proton dose calculations.

Purpose

To compare daily CBCT‐based sCT images to planning CTs (pCT) and rCTs of head and neck (HN) cancer patients to investigate the dosimetric accuracy of CBCT‐based sCTs in a scenario mimicking actual clinical practice.

Methods

Data of 56 HN cancer patients, previously treated with proton therapy was used to generate 1.962 sCT images, using a previously developed and trained deep convolutional neural network. Clinical IMPT treatment plans were recalculated on the pCT, weekly rCTs and daily sCTs. The dosimetric accuracy of sCTs was compared to same day rCTs and the initial planning CT. As a reference, rCTs were also compared to pCTs. The dose difference between sCTs and rCTs/pCT was quantified by calculating the D98 difference for target volumes and Dmean difference for organs‐at‐risk. To investigate the clinical relevancy of possible dose differences, NTCP values were calculated for dysphagia and xerostomia.

Results

For target volumes, only minor dose differences were found for sCT versus rCT and sCT versus pCT, with dose differences mostly within ±1.5%. Larger dose differences were observed in OARs, where a general shift towards positive differences was found, with the largest difference in the left parotid gland. Delta NTCP values for grade 2 dysphagia and xerostomia were within ±2.5% for 90% of the sCTs.

Conclusions

Target doses showed high similarity between rCTs and sCTs. Further investigations are required to identify the origin of the dose differences at OAR levels and its relevance in clinical decision making.
Reproducibility of 3D thoracic aortic displacement from 3D cine balanced SSFP at 3 T without contrast enhancement
Authors: Merton Renske , Bosshardt Daan , Strijkers Gustav J. , Nederveen Aart J. , Schrauben Eric M. , van Ooij Pim
Published: October 2023

Purpose

Aortic motion has direct impact on the mechanical stresses acting on the aorta. In aortic disease, increased stiffness of the aorta may lead to decreased aortic motion over time, which could be a predictor for aortic dissection or rupture. This study investigates the reproducibility of obtaining 3D displacement and diameter maps quantified using accelerated 3D cine MRI at 3 T.

Methods

A noncontrast‐enhanced, free‐breathing 3D cine sequence based on balanced SSFP and pseudo‐spiral undersampling with high spatial isotropic resolution was developed (spatial/temporal resolution [1.6 mm]3/67 ms). The thoracic aorta of 14 healthy volunteers was prospectively scanned three times at 3 T: twice on the same day and a third time 2 weeks later. Aortic displacement was calculated using iterative closest point nonrigid registration of manual segmentations of the 3D aorta at end‐systole and mid‐diastole. Interexamination and interobserver regional analysis of mean displacement for five regions of interest was performed using Bland–Altman analysis. Additionally, a complementary voxel‐by‐voxel analysis was done, allowing a more local inspection of the method.

Results

No significant differences were found in mean and maximum displacement for any of the regions of interest for the interexamination and interobserver analysis. The maximum displacement measured in the lower half of the ascending aorta was 11.0 ± 3.4 mm (range: 3.0–17.5 mm) for the first scan. The smallest detectable change in mean displacement in the lower half of the ascending aorta was 3 mm.

Conclusion

Detailed 3D cine balanced SSFP at 3 T allows for reproducible quantification of systolic–diastolic mean aortic displacement within acceptable limits.
Input‐to‐state stability of a time‐invariant system with control delay and additive disturbances
Authors: Ursu Ioan , Toader Adrian , Tecuceanu George , Enciu Daniela
Published: October 2023

We consider a class of linear time invariant systems with control delay and additive disturbances. A state predictive feedback method is first applied to compensate the actuator delay. In this way, a closed loop system free of delay is achieved. It allows to ensure input‐to‐state‐stability of the closed loop system. Applications are given for the lateral‐directional stability of an airplane with two controls, on the aileron and on the rudder, in correlation with compliance with some regulatory flight conditions.
Agreement and disagreement between child–caregiver symptom and function reports in pediatric oncology
Authors: Weaver Meaghann S. , Wang Jichuan , Reeve Bryce B. , Porter Amy S. , Baker Justin N. , Mack Jennifer W. , Thompson Amanda L. , Wiener Lori , Grossoehme Daniel H. , Hinds Pamela S.
Published: October 2023

Background/objective

The use of patient‐reported outcomes (PRO) is increasing in pediatric clinical practice and research, including in clinical trials. Treatment teams are now able to discern differences in symptom and function reports between children with cancer and their family caregivers. Few studies, however, have quantified such differences.

Design/methods

Children and caregivers were matched to create a dyad sample, and child/caregiver agreement of responses to the Patient‐Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pediatric symptom and function measures were examined using the established minimally important difference (MID) value (three points) derived from these measures. Latent class analysis (LCA) was then used to analyze the status/patterns of response agreement.

Results

A total of 430 dyadic cases (dyads) were used for LCA modeling. Three classes of child–caregiver concordance resulted: (a) Agreement—caregiver and child within one MID (200 dyads); (b) Disagreement—caregiver underestimating symptoms (47 dyads with caregiver scores more than 1 MID lower than the child scores); and (c) Disagreement—caregiver overestimating symptoms (183 dyads with caregiver scores more than 1 MID higher than child scores).

Conclusion

As PRO use increases in pediatric oncology, clinician identification of child/caregiver differences on symptom and function reports will help to distinguish family perceptions of cancer treatment impact. The treatment goal, in addition to mitigating symptom and function treatment‐related burdens for the child and caregiver, may now also be to discern the direction and clinical meaning of the difference within the child–parent dyad.
Trichoderma‐derived emodin competes withExpRandExpIofPectobacterium carotovorumsubsp.carotovorumto biocontrol bacterial soft rot
Authors: Zhan Xin , Wang Rui , Zhang Manman , Li Yuejiao , Sun Tao , Chen Jie , Li Jishun , Liu Tong
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

Quorum sensing inhibitors (QSIs) are an emerging control tool that inhibits the quorum sensing (QS) system of pathogenic bacteria. We aimed to screen for potential QSIs in the metabolites ofTrichodermaand to explore their inhibitory mechanisms.

RESULTS

We screened a strain ofTrichoderma asperellumLN004, which demonstrated the ability to inhibit the color development ofChromobacterium subtsugaeCV026, primarily attributed to the presence of emodin as its key QSI component. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction with reverse transcription results showed that after emodin treatment ofPectobacterium carotovorumsubsp.carotovorum(Pcc), plant cell wall degrading enzyme‐related synthetic genes were significantly downregulated, and the exogenous enzyme synthesis gene negative regulator (rsmA) was upregulated 3.5‐fold. Docking simulations indicated that emodin could be a potential ligand for ExpI and ExpR proteins because it exhibited stronger competition than the natural ligands inPcc. In addition, western blotting showed that emodin attenuated the degradation ofn‐acylhomoserine lactone on the ExpR protein and protected it. Different concentrations of emodin reduced the activity of pectinase, cellulase, and protease inPccby 20.81%–72.21%, 8.38%–52.73%, and 3.57%–47.50%. Lesion size in Chinese cabbages, carrots and cherry tomatoes followingPccinfestation was reduced by 10.02%–68.57%, 40.17%–88.56% and 11.36%–86.17%.

CONCLUSION

Emodin fromT. asperellumLN004 as a QSI can compete to bind both ExpI and ExpR proteins, interfering with the QS ofPccand reducing the production of virulence factors. The first molecular mechanism reveals the ability of emodin as a QSI to competitively inhibit two QS proteins simultaneously. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
A Joint Theoretical and Experimental Study on a Tetrazole‐Anchored BODIPY‐Based Dye at the Surface of TiO2 for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cell Applications
Authors: Akdogan Nurdan , Ortatepe Burcu , Atli Aycan , Disli Ali , Erdogdu Yusuf , Yildiz Abdullah
Published: October 2023

The performance of the created BODIPY‐based dye compound in dye‐sensitized solar cells is evaluated. The electrical and charge transport characteristics of the dye are examined using the density functional theory and time‐dependent density functional theory. By calculating EHOMO, ELUMO, λmax, Eex, light‐harvesting efficiency, reorganization energy, and the free injection energy (ΔGinj), attributes of the dye are identified. In comparison to the performance of N719 dye (5.16%), the device performance of synthesized BODIPY dye is reported to have an efficiency of 0.34%. Electrochemical outcomes are consistent with the efficiency outcomes and have a larger charge transport resistance for BODIPY (85.9 Ω) than for N719 (6.1 Ω).
A non‐fragile approach to fault estimation for a class of multi‐rate systems under binary encoding schemes
Authors: Hou Nan , Wang Zidong , Shen Yuxuan , Liu Hongjian , Dong Hongli
Published: October 2023

This article is concerned with the non‐fragile fault estimation issue for a class of multi‐rate systems under binary encoding schemes (BES). A specific dynamics relationship with zero second‐order difference is employed to characterize the evolution of the actuator fault. The signal communication is regulated by the BESs, where the resulting random bit errors are characterized by a certain stochastic noise. The aim of this article is to design a fault estimator such that the estimation error dynamics is exponentially ultimately bounded in mean square. First, an equivalent single‐rate system is formulated via the lifting technique. Then, by virtue of the stochastic analysis method and the matrix inequality approach, sufficient conditions are developed to ensure the existence of the desired fault estimator. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed estimator design strategy is testified through a simulation example.