bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multidimensional phenotyping of the post‐COVID‐19 syndrome: A Swiss survey study
Authors: Diem Lara , Schwarzwald Anina , Friedli Christoph , Hammer Helly , Gomes‐Fregolente Livia , Warncke Jan , Weber Lea , Kamber Nicole , Chan Andrew , Bassetti Claudio , Salmen Anke , Hoepner Robert
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Post‐COVID‐19 syndrome affects approximately 10–25% of people after a COVID‐19 infection, irrespective of initial COVID‐19 severity. The aim of this project was to assess the clinical characteristics, course, and prognosis of post‐COVID‐19 syndrome using a systematic multidimensional approach.

Patients and Methods

An online survey of people with suspected and confirmed COVID‐19 and post‐COVID‐19 syndrome, distributed via Swiss COVID‐19 support groups, social media, and our post‐COVID‐19 consultation, was performed. A total of 8 post‐infectious domains were assessed with 120 questions.

Data were collected from October 15 to December 12, 2021, and 309 participants were included. Analysis of clinical phenomenology of post‐COVID‐19 syndrome was performed using comparative statistics.

Results

The three most prevalent post‐COVID‐19 symptoms in our survey cohort were fatigue (288/309, 93.2%), pain including headache (218/309, 70.6%), and sleep–wake disturbances (mainly insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness, 145/309, 46.9%). Post‐COVID‐19 syndrome had an impact on work ability, as more than half of the respondents (168/268, 62.7%) reported an inability to work, which lasted on average 26.6 weeks (95% CI 23.5–29.6, range 1–94, n = 168). Quality of life measured by WHO‐5 Well‐being Index was overall low in respondents with post‐COVID‐19 syndrome (mean, 95% CI 9.1 [8.5–9.8], range 1–25, n = 239).

Conclusion

Fatigue, pain, and sleep–wake disturbances were the main symptoms of the post‐COVID‐19 syndrome in our cohort and had an impact on the quality of life and ability to work in a majority of patients. However, survey respondents reported a significant reduction in symptoms over 12 months. Post‐COVID‐19 syndrome remains a significant challenge. Further studies to characterize this syndrome and to explore therapeutic options are therefore urgently needed.
What is the future of water quality trading?
Authors: Liu Haiyan , Brouwer Roy
Published: August 2022

A comprehensive review of experiences with water quality trading (WQT) programs worldwide is presented, spanning altogether more than 4 decades. A new WQT database is built, extracting data and information from existing review papers, complemented with gray and published literature about individual trading programs. Key aspects that affect trading volumes and program continuation are identified and categorized. No single success or fail factor emerges from this review, typically a mix of factors play a role. There is potential for WQT to evolve further and serve as a cost‐effective pollution control instrument, but this requires nudging political will to regulate nonpoint source.
Valuation of sector‐switching and politicization in the governance of corporatized public services
Authors: Papenfuß Ulf , Schmidt Christian Arno
Published: August 2022

Corporatization has great potential for public service provision, but governments face severe challenges in recruiting executive directors (EDs) with relevant human capital. Debates arise about the roles of sector‐switching and politicization in public corporation governance, but a critical research gap exists. ED pay (EDP) is a crucial governance factor and signifies the valuation of ED human capital. This study links debates on sector‐switching and politicization with human capital theory discourses and analyzes a panel dataset of 1832 ED observations in 291 German public corporations. Political mandate holders and former private‐sector EDs receive significantly higher EDP, whereas political human capital is valued even higher. Operating in a profit context strengthens the pay effects for political mandate holders but, contrary to widespread assumptions, not for former private‐sector EDs. This study enhances the theoretical understanding of the valuation of human capital factors in public corporation governance and provides important research perspectives.
Multispecies biofilm removal by a multisonic irrigation system in mandibular molars
Authors: Coaguila‐Llerena Hernán , Ordinola‐Zapata Ronald , Staley Christopher , Dietz Matthew , Chen Ruoqiong , Faria Gisele
Published: August 2022

Aim

The aim of the study was to assess biofilm removal efficacy of GentleWave System and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI).

Methodology

Twenty‐two human mandibular molars with Vertucci's type II configuration in the mesial root were selected. Teeth were autoclaved, inoculated with dental plaque and incubated in a CDC biofilm reactor for two weeks. The mesial roots were instrumented up to 20.06 file (V‐Taper) for the GentleWave group and up to 35.04 file (Vortex Blue) for PUI group. Irrigation was performed using GentleWave and PUI irrigation protocols (n = 11). Dentine debris on paper points samples were obtained for quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing (next‐generation aequencing—NGS). For qPCR, a non‐parametric test (α = 0.05) was used. Next‐generation sequencing data were analysed using mothur, with alpha diversity calculated as the Shannon and Chao1 indices and Bray–Curtis dissimilarities were used for beta diversity. Differences in alpha diversity and abundances of genera were evaluated using Kruskal–Wallis test. Differences in community composition were evaluated using analysis of similarity with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons.

Results

Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction results showed that the reduction estimated in percentages for both groups was equivalent (p > .05). NGS analysis showed that both techniques promoted a significant reduction in reads and OTUs number (p < .05). Shannon alpha diversity and Chao1 index showed no differences between pre‐ or post‐treatment samples for both groups (p > .05). Additionally, pre‐treatment communities differed from post‐treatment samples in both groups regarding bacterial taxa reduction (ANOSIM R = 0.50 and 0.55, p < .001).

Conclusions

Bacterial reduction in mesial roots of mandibular molars prepared to 35.04 with PUI was similar to those prepared to 20.06 with a multisonic irrigant activation system.
Smaller net or just fewer to catch? Disentangling the causes for the varying sizes of minimum income schemes
Authors: Tervola Jussi , Mesiäislehto Merita , Ollonqvist Joonas
Published: August 2022

The number of social assistance recipients varies significantly between welfare states. Social assistance is a last‐resort residual benefit, so a high number of receipts may be related to policies for first‐tier benefits, social assistance and their implementation, as well as need factors (unemployment rate and low income). Considering the strong political will to diminish the receipt of last‐resort benefits, we demonstrated a way to decompose the reasons for eligibility in a cross‐national analysis of two Nordic countries, namely Finland and Sweden. By using administrative register microdata, eligibility simulations and policy swaps, we found that the legislative features of social assistance, such as more extensive benefit norms and earning disregard, contribute to Finland's higher eligibility rate and likely explain some of the reasons for its higher number of recipients. Finland also exhibited lower non‐take‐up rates among those eligible, which implies better access to benefits than in Sweden.
Trends in primary treatment for localized prostate cancer according to the availability of treatment modalities and the impact of introducing robotic surgery
Authors: Hori Shunta , Nakai Yasushi , Tomizawa Mitsuru , Morizawa Yosuke , Gotoh Daisuke , Miyake Makito , Anai Satoshi , Torimoto Kazumasa , Yoneda Tatsuo , Fujimoto Kiyohide , Tanaka Nobumichi
Published: August 2022

Objectives

We aimed to investigate the effect of available treatment modalities on primary treatment selection in patients with localized prostate cancer and that of introducing robotic surgery.

Methods

We retrospectively studied 12 061 patients diagnosed with localized prostate cancer between 2004 and 2018 from 21 institutions. These institutions were divided into five groups according to the availability of surgery and radiotherapy. Differences in primary treatment selection between the institutions were investigated, and the predictive factors involved in the selection were explored.

Results

Surgery, radiotherapy, androgen deprivation therapy, and active surveillance/watchful waiting were selected as primary treatment in 4115, 3621, 3188, and 821 patients, respectively, while the remaining 316 patients selected other modalities. The number of patients, particularly young patients, was much higher in institutions with both surgery and radiotherapy. With the introduction of robotic surgery, open radical prostatectomy has decreased, and robotic surgery made up approximately 70% of all prostatectomies. Institutions with both surgery and radiotherapy tended to treat patients with very low or low risk by surgery or radiotherapy, while institutions without surgery and radiotherapy tended to select active surveillance or watchful waiting. Multivariate analysis revealed that primary treatment selection for prostate cancer was affected not only by clinical factors, but also by the available modalities in each institution.

Conclusions

Differences in available treatment modalities affect the selection of primary treatment for localized prostate cancer. Introduction of robotic surgery also has a strong influence on the number of patients in each institution.
A qualitative study of the experiences of relatives to brought in dead persons in an emergency department
Authors: Bove Dorthe Gaby , Herling Suzanne Forsyth , Sørensen Nanna , Gjersøe Peter , Timm Helle
Published: August 2022

Aims

The aim was to explore the experiences of relatives seeing and saying goodbye to brought in dead persons in a Danish emergency department.

Design

This was a qualitative study based on interpretive description methodology.

Methods

Data were collected through semi‐structured individual interviews with relatives (n = 11) of brought in dead persons and 30 h of participatory observations of these relatives visiting the emergency department to see and say goodbye to the deceased. Data were collected between February 2019 and December 2020.

Results

Our analyses revealed internal and external chaos as an overarching theme, covering 4 themes and 10 subthemes. The four themes were traumatic events, restricted access, briefly being together again, and final goodbyes and departures.

Conclusion

Emergency departments were highly acute and busy settings that prioritized survival more than the care of deceased people and their relatives. The relatives were, in every way, affected by internal and external chaos; the external chaos in the emergency department reinforced the feeling of internal chaos. It is necessary for managers and nurses in emergency departments to organize and practice care for relatives, whilst bringing in deceased individuals in a less chaotic and more caring manner.

Impact

This study contributes to the knowledge of relatives' experiences regarding brought in dead persons, underpinning the need to care for this subpopulation in emergency departments. Care for relatives of brought in dead individuals has the potential to relieve suffering and prevent diseases, which are core elements of nursing.
Chinese nurses' preparedness and opinions in responding to intimate partner violence: An adaptation and validation study
Authors: Li Quanlei , Zeng Jing , Zhao Bing , Perrin Nancy , Campbell Jacquelyn
Published: August 2022

Aim

To adapt and psychometrically test two scales from The Physician Readiness to Manage Intimate Partner Violence Survey (PREMIS) for measuring nurses' preparedness to manage intimate partner violence (IPV) and opinions on IPV in China.

Design

A cross‐sectional study for cross‐cultural adaptation and validation of instruments.

Methods

The study was conducted in two tertiary hospitals in northeastern and southwestern China in 2020: (Step 1) translation and back‐translation by four translators; (Step 2) expert consultation to assess content validity by a five‐person panel; (Step 3) cognitive debriefing to evaluate the online survey with six nurses; (Step 4) pilot testing to finalize the survey with 79 nurses; and (Step 5) psychometric evaluation of construct validity and internal consistency reliability including post hoc analysis with 1071 nurses.

Results

The Chinese scales of Perceived Preparation and Opinions demonstrated generally acceptable content validity, construct validity and internal consistency reliability; some factor analysis results were uninterpretable, and socially desirable responses existed. A post hoc inspection of item and score distributions assisted the item classification into Confident, Cautious and Concerned regarding the authenticity of nurses' responses.

Conclusion

Reliability and construct validity of the Chinese versions of Perceived Preparation and Opinions were supported in this sample. The instrument measures nurses' preparedness and opinions towards IPV. Item classification into Confident, Cautious and Concerned categories is a pragmatic way to interpret the results.

Impact

The Chinese scales can be used to measure nurses' preparedness and opinions towards IPV in China. The study also provides an approach for interpretation of results and identification of socially desirable responses in validation and survey studies in other contexts. The adaptation and use of the Chinese scales serve as a primary step in responding to IPV in China's health sector and can be used as a template for adapting the instrument in other low‐ and middle‐income countries.
Development and psychometric testing of burn inpatient nursing dependency assessment scale
Authors: Zhang Qian , Feng Ping , Weng Yanqiu , Lu Xiaoying , Sun Yuan , Zhang Lingjuan
Published: August 2022

Aims

The aim was to develop and psychometrically test the burn inpatient nursing dependency assessment scale (BINDAS).

Design

This was a scale development study.

Methods

This study was conducted in four phases from November 2019 to November 2021. Items were generated and the initial scale was constructed in phase 1. The preliminary evaluation of items was conducted through expert reviews and a pilot study in phase 2. The scale, including item quality, reliability and validity, was validated with 420 individuals in phase 3. The translation of the scale from Chinese to English was performed in phase 4.

Results

Content validity was satisfactory. Thirteen items were retained after item analysis, and three factors accounting for 73% of the total item variance were extracted through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Predictive validity with nursing time spent with patients during 24 h was also estimated, with r = .66 (p < .01). Receiver operating characteristic analysis was conducted, and an area under the curve of the scale of 0.94 was obtained. Concurrent validity with Barthel index was estimated, with r = −.71 (p < .01). Cronbach's alpha coefficient for scale was .93, and the correlation between raters for total scores was .95.

Conclusion

Burn inpatient nursing dependency assessment scale is a psychometrically valid and reliable measurement instrument as well as objective other‐rating scale with 12 items for scoring on a four‐point scale (0, 1, 2 or 3) and 1 item for scoring on a two‐point scale (0 or 2). BINDAS with 13 items was developed in this study. Nurses can give each patient a total score of 0–38. A high score indicates high nursing dependency. The 13‐item scale consists of three factors: basic care need, physiological index, and psychology and adaptation.

Impact

This scale demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties and can be used to evaluate patient dependency on nurses in burn units and optimize an individual's care plan to achieve efficient staff allocation.
Family motivation of supervisors: Exploring the impact on subordinates’ work performance via family supportive supervisor behaviors and work–family balance satisfaction
Authors: Erdogan Didem T. , Heras Mireia L. , Rofcanin Yasin , Bosch Maria J. , Stollberger Jakob
Published: August 2022

Family supportive supervisor behaviors (FSSB) have emerged as a powerful resource of informal support for the well‐being and development of employees. However, research to date offers limited insight into the antecedents and underlying processes that may trigger FSSBs. We investigate the association between family motivation of supervisors and FSSBs, and how the latter mediates the association between supervisors’ family motivation and subordinates’ work performance. Furthermore, we examine the role of supervisors’ satisfaction with their work–family balance as a contextual variable influencing our proposed associations. We draw on FSSB and perspective taking theory as over‐arching frameworks for our hypotheses. Using matched and multisource supervisor‐subordinate data collected from an organization in Chile (196 subordinates and 75 supervisors), our findings revealed that FSSBs are mechanisms linking supervisors’ family motivation to subordinates’ work performance. Interestingly, this positive association is moderated by supervisors’ satisfaction with their work–family balance, such that the mediation of FSSBs is stronger for supervisors who are not satisfied with their work–family balance.
Cascading effects of prey identity on gene expression in a kleptoplastidic ciliate
Authors: Paight Christopher , Johnson Matthew D. , Lasek‐Nesselquist Erica , Moeller Holly V.
Published: August 2022

Kleptoplastidic, or chloroplast stealing, lineages transiently retain functional photosynthetic machinery from algal prey. This machinery, and its photosynthetic outputs, must be integrated into the host's metabolism, but the details of this integration are poorly understood. Here, we study this metabolic integration in the ciliate Mesodinium chamaeleon, a coastal marine species capable of retaining chloroplasts from at least six distinct genera of cryptophyte algae. To assess the effects of feeding history on ciliate physiology and gene expression, we acclimated M. chamaeleon to four different types of prey and contrasted well‐fed and starved treatments. Consistent with previous physiological work on the ciliate, we found that starved ciliates had lower chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rates, and growth rates than their well‐fed counterparts. However, ciliate gene expression mirrored prey phylogenetic relationships rather than physiological status, suggesting that, even as M. chamaeleon cells were starved of prey, their overarching regulatory systems remained tuned to the prey type to which they had been acclimated. Collectively, our results indicate a surprising degree of prey‐specific host transcriptional adjustments, implying varied integration of prey metabolic potential into many aspects of ciliate physiology.
An integrative approach method reveals the presence of a previously unreported species of Imparfinis Eigenmann and Norris 1900 (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) in Argentina
Authors: Aguilera Gastón , Terán Guillermo E. , Mirande Juan Marcos , Alonso Felipe , Chumacero Guido Miranda , Cardoso Yamila , Bogan Sergio , Faustino‐Fuster Dario R.
Published: August 2022

Specimens of Imparfinis were recently collected in north‐western Argentina from the Bermejo River basin (Salta and Jujuy Provinces), del Valle River (Salta Province) and Horcones River (Santiago del Estero Province). An integrative approach to taxonomy, combining a detailed morphological study and molecular phylogenetic analyses, was applied to determine the species identity of these specimens. A principal components analysis of morphological data clustered the specimens from north‐western Argentina and from the Amazon basin, indicating a close morphological resemblance. Also, a molecular phylogenetic analysis showed populations of I. guttatus from Argentina and Peru forming a clade. According to the conducted haplotype network analysis these populations are distinct in two mutations. Thus, in the absence of morphological or molecular data indicating the contrary, the combined method supports the identity of the specimens from the tributaries of the Paraguay River in Argentina as I. guttatus, whose type locality is in the upper Beni River basin in Bolivia. This contribution is also the first record for this species from Argentina. The disjunct distribution of I. guttatus provides new evidence reinforcing the hypothesis for the origin of the Paraguayan ichthyofauna. We also provide an approach to the phylogenetic relationships of Imparfinis in Heptapteridae.
Shelf‐life study of a Salicornia ramosissima vegetable salt: An alternative to kitchen salt
Authors: Lima Alexandre R. , Cristofoli Nathana L. , Filippidis Kyriakos , Barreira Luísa , Vieira Margarida C.
Published: August 2022

Waste of Salicornia ramosissima a halophyte plant used in gourmet cuisine, can be valorized after being dried and milled, becoming a vegetable salt, a healthier replacer of kitchen salt due to its lower sodium content (around 10‐fold less) but still maintaining an intense salty taste. To study the shelf life of this vegetable salt from S. ramosissima, packed in a cylindrical aluminum box, an accelerated shelf‐life testing (ASLT) was first carried out at 35, 40, 45, and 50°C by monitoring color, moisture, and water activity (aw) throughout the storage period. Moisture and aw decreased at increasing temperature, but the color was not affected. The moisture sorption isotherms (MSIs) were next produced at 15, 25, 35, and 45°C and relative humidity (RH: 6.5%–80%) using the static gravimetric method. Several mathematical models were tested to fit the MSI experimental data and finally the Oswin model was used to predict the moisture content. With this model, the isosteric heat was determined. A mass–balance model was used to predict shelf life and the equilibrium moisture content (Me) during storage based on predetermined MSI and water vapor rate transmission (WVTR) data. The predicted shelf life of the package with and without adhesive tape around the lid was 35 and 80 days (25°C, 75% RH) and 19 and 63 days (35°C, 90% RH), respectively.

Practical Applications

By understanding the moisture sorption phenomenon in hygroscopic powders, this study can provide valuable data to the food industry dealing with such products. Being a microbiologically safe product due to its low aw and having color stabilized through previous drying, its mode of failure during storage proved to be the loss of its free‐flowing capacity. A methodology to evaluate the shelf life of this hygroscopic product packed in a cylindrical aluminum box is described. There is a need to draw attention to the fact that, despite aluminum with a thickness of .23 mm is a very effective barrier to water vapor penetration, such package has an extremely small gap between the lid and body, which is hard to measure, yet allows water vapor to flow through the package at a rate that results in its shelf life being less than 3 months. Ways to overcome this issue are suggested.
Psychiatric diagnostic dilemmas among people with intellectual and developmental disabilities
Authors: Charlot L. R. , Hodge S. M. , Holland A. L. , Frazier J. A.
Published: August 2022

Background

Research regarding the accuracy of co‐morbid psychiatric diagnoses in individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) is sparse. Yet correct diagnostic assignment is vital so that effective and appropriate treatment can be implemented, especially for the large numbers of individuals requiring expensive and restrictive behavioural health crisis services.

Method

A retrospective review of de‐identified data from multidisciplinary specialty team assessments completed for 50 individuals with ID (IntellectualDisability) with and without ASD and unresolved behavioural health challenges was conducted. The accuracy and reliability of the psychiatric diagnoses upon referral were compared with the diagnoses after the comprehensive team evaluation, and within‐individual diagnostic agreement was calculated. The agreement between the Mood and Anxiety Semi‐Structured interview tool (MASS) and the full team evaluation was also calculated. The influence of demographic and clinical characteristics on diagnostic agreement was explored.

Results

The most common chief complaints upon referral were aggression to others and self‐injurious behaviour. Individuals were taking a median of six medications (interquartile range: 5 to 7); 80% were taking an antipsychotic medication. The most common medical conditions were constipation (70%) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (52%). Measures of interrater reliability of the referral diagnoses with the team assessment were below 0.5 (kappa range: −0.04 to 0.39), with the exception of ruling out dementia (kappa = 0.85). The interrater reliability estimates for the MASS evaluations for depression and anxiety were higher (kappa = 0.69 and 0.64) and reflected higher sensitivity and PPV. The odds of any referral diagnosis being confirmed by team evaluation were low: 0.25 (range: 0 to 0.67). The level of diagnostic agreement for each patient was not significantly attributable to demographic or clinical characteristics, although effect sizes indicate a possible positive relationship to age and the number of prescribed psychotropic medications at referral.

Conclusion

Individuals in the current study had serious psychiatric and behavioural problems despite psychiatric care in their communities. The majority of psychiatric diagnoses provided upon referral were not supported by the multidisciplinary specialty team's assessment. In addition to possible diagnostic inaccuracy, the group in the study suffered from multiple medical co‐morbidities and were exposed to polypharmacy. Results emphasise the importance of multidisciplinary evaluation by clinicians with expertise in neurodevelopmental disabilities when people with ID with and without ASD have complex behavioural health needs that are unresponsive to usual care. In addition, based on agreement with the full team evaluation, the MASS shows promise as an assessment tool, especially with regards to identifying anxiety and depression.
Topical cetirizine for treating androgenetic alopecia: A systematic review
Authors: Chen Xiaomei , Xiang Hongmei , Yang Ming
Published: August 2022

Background

Cetirizine, a widely used agent for allergic disorders, has recently been topically used for treating androgenetic alopecia (AGA). We aimed to summarize the current evidence regarding the effectiveness and safety of topical cetirizine for treating AGA.

Methods

We searched Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. We included both randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non‐randomized clinical trials.

Findings

We initially identified 102 records, of which, we included two RCTs and one non‐randomized clinical trial, which were of moderate‐to‐high risk of bias. All included trials used 1% topical cetirizine as the intervention with various regimens. Topical cetirizine was likely to be more effective than a placebo for treating AGA. In comparison with topical minoxidil, topical cetirizine appears to be less effective for improving total and vellus hair density, but it might have a longer‐lasting effect. Further, cetirizine might be as effective as minoxidil in improving hair diameter.

Conclusion

One percent topical cetirizine may serve as a choice for treating AGA, especially for patients with a negative response to topical minoxidil. In order to fully understand the role of topical cetirizine for AGA, additional well‐designed RCTs are needed.
Gestational hypertensive disease and small for gestational age infants in twin pregnancy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Mingbo , Wang Xin , Chen Zhifang , Zhang Feng
Published: August 2022

Aim

The review is to explore the connection between gestational hypertension diseases (GHD) and small for gestational age (SGA) in twin pregnancies.

Methods

According to the recommendations of PRISMA, relevant studies were systematically searched through PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase from inception until January 16, 2022. Subgroup analysis was performed according to chorionicity and diagnostic criteria of SGA. Odds ratios (OR) were assessed to judge the link between GHD and SGA in twin pregnant women. A random‐effect model was used to estimate the pooled hazard ratio when there was significant heterogeneity (I2 > 50%); otherwise, a fixed‐effect model was conducted.

Results

Seven articles containing 470 589 twin pregnant women were included. The increased risk of SGA was connected to the twin pregnancies complicated with GHD (OR = 1.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.10–2.24, p = 0.01). After subgroup analysis, the connection between SGA and GHD had no statistical significance (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.95–1.44, p = 0.14) when the enrolled studies using the SGA diagnosis referred to singleton birth weight, but significant (OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.77–2.60, p<0.001) in the group using the SGA diagnosis referred to twin birth weight. Stratified by chorionicity, SGA was relevant to GHD in the dichorionic (DC) group (OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.17–2.42, p = 0.005), while not in the monochorionic (MC) group (OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 0.93–3.03, p = 0.09). More future articles are warranted to confirm these outcomes.

Conclusions

Our review demonstrated that GHD in DC twin pregnancies was related to an enlarged risk of SGA. Two SGA diagnosis references led to different results. Twin pregnancies complicated with GHD were at significantly higher risk of SGA when twin birth weight reference was used.
When skinfolk are kinfolk: Higher perceived support and acceptance characterize close same‐race (vs. interracial) relationships for people of color
Authors: Debrosse Régine , Thai Sabrina , Brieva Tess
Published: August 2022

People of color cope with racial stigma daily. In this context, support and acceptance from people who share similar racial/ethnic backgrounds can take a special importance. In two studies, using a national U.S. sample (n = 1618) and a term‐long weekly‐diary design (n = 103), Black, Latine, and Asian students received more support and acceptance from close same‐race (vs. interracial) relationships. Compared to White participants, Black and Latine participants reported greater support and acceptance from their relationships. Furthermore, greater support and acceptance in same‐race relationships predicted greater flourishing and lower depressive affect, even after controlling for support and acceptance in interracial relationships. These results underscore the importance of same‐race relationships for people of color in the U.S. In conjunction with practices addressing structural barriers, opportunities to connect with same‐race peers can nurture the flourishment of people of color in the U.S. and possibly other contexts in which they are stigmatized.
Is protecting older adults from COVID‐19 ageism? A comparative cross‐cultural constructive grounded theory from the United Kingdom and Colombia
Authors: Derrer‐Merk Elfriede , Reyes‐Rodriguez Maria‐Fernanda , Salazar Ana‐Maria , Guevara Marisol , Rodríguez Gabriela , Fonseca Ana‐María , Camacho Nicolas , Ferson Scott , Mannis Adam , Bentall Richard P , Bennett Kate M
Published: August 2022

The COVID‐19 pandemic impacted people's lives all over the world, requiring health and safety measures intended to stop the virus from spreading. This study explores whether an unintended consequence of these measures is a new form of ageism. We explore, using qualitative methods, the experiences of older adults living through the pandemic in the United Kingdom and Colombia. Although there were some small differences between countries, for the most part, the experiences were similar. We found that older adults reported that they were seen as a homogenous group and experienced both benevolent and hostile ageism and a loss of autonomy as a consequence of COVID‐19 protection measures. Participants from both countries expressed anger and frustration, and increased anxiety, and felt that their individuality was ignored. We recommend that policy‐makers, the media, and wider society consider the impact of such health and safety measures on older adults in preparing for future pandemics and health challenges.
A dual‐case analysis of the IP governance system in e‐commerce: Amazon and Alibaba
Authors: Wasaf Madanoor Mohamed , Zhang Jianhua
Published: August 2022

Considering the importance of intellectual property (IP) rights in e‐commerce, infringement of which is increasing the counterfeiting goods, affecting consumer's confidence and goodwill of e‐commerce, the purpose of this study is to examine the functionality of the IP governance system developed by e‐commerce companies. The study makes an in‐depth analysis of the IP governance system of the two major e‐commerce companies, Amazon.com and Alibaba.com, to comprehend the approach of these e‐commerce companies toward ensuring IP protection and protecting consumer's rights. In doing this, the study has taken qualitative dual‐case study research design which offers valuable insights about the effectiveness, practice, and applications of IP governance system in e‐commerce. Moreover, the dual‐case study approach contributes to develop a nomological framework. The study confirms that there is lack of harmonization in IP governance system and standard of IP protection which is essential for the sustainable development of e‐commerce and for protecting consumer rights. The significance of this study is the proposed recommendation for the regulatory body of the e‐commerce industry which serves as an institution, governing the business practice involved in e‐commerce to consider in reforming the IP governance system of the e‐commerce industry.
Genomics‐informed delineation of conservation units in a desert amphibian
Authors: Forester Brenna R. , Murphy Melanie , Mellison Chad , Petersen Jeffrey , Pilliod David S. , Van Horne Rachel , Harvey Jim , Funk W. Chris
Published: August 2022

Delineating conservation units (CUs, e.g., evolutionarily significant units, ESUs, and management units, MUs) is critical to the recovery of declining species because CUs inform both listing status and management actions. Genomic data have strengths and limitations in informing CU delineation and related management questions in natural systems. We illustrate the value of using genomic data in combination with landscape, dispersal and occupancy data to inform CU delineation in Nevada populations of the Great Basin Distinct Population Segment of the Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris). R. luteiventris occupies naturally fragmented aquatic habitats in this xeric region, but beaver removal, climate change and other factors have put many of these populations at high risk of extirpation without management intervention. We addressed three objectives: (i) assessing support for ESUs within Nevada; (ii) evaluating and revising, if warranted, the current delineation of MUs; and (iii) evaluating genetic diversity, effective population size, adaptive differentiation and functional connectivity to inform ongoing management actions. We found little support for ESUs within Nevada but did identify potential revisions to MUs based on unique landscape drivers of connectivity that distinguish these desert populations from those in the northern portion of the species range. Effective sizes were uniformly small, with low genetic diversity and weak signatures of adaptive differentiation. Our findings suggest that management actions, including translocations and genetic rescue, might be warranted. Our study illustrates how a carefully planned genetic study, designed to address priority management goals that include CU delineation, can provide multiple insights to inform conservation action.
3D vision‐based out‐of‐plane displacement quantification for steel plate structures using structure‐from‐motion, deep learning, and point‐cloud processing
Authors: Pan Xiao , Yang T. Y.
Published: August 2022

In this paper, a novel accurate and economical 3D computer vision‐based framework is proposed to quantify out‐of‐plane displacements of steel plate structures. First, a sequence of image frames of the steel plate structures of interest is collected. Second, using image association, structure‐from‐motion, and multi‐view stereo algorithms, a 3D point cloud of the steel plate structures and their surroundings is created. Third, an efficient 3D object detection method based on convolutional neural networks is developed and implemented to identify the steel plate structures in the 3D point cloud. Last, the out‐of‐plane displacements of the steel plate structures are quantified using point cloud postprocessing algorithms. The proposed framework has been implemented on a steel plate damper and a full‐scale steel corrugated plate wall panel, which are commonly used in structural and earthquake engineering applications. The results indicate the developed framework can successfully localize the steel plate components in the 3D scene and accurately quantify the out‐of‐plane structural displacements with an average accuracy of ∼1 mm. The implementation shows the proposed framework can accurately and efficiently quantify the out‐of‐plane displacements of steel plate structures in realistic engineering applications.
The Left(s) and Nationalism(s) in contemporary Western Europe
Authors: Dalle Mulle Emmanuel , Kernalegenn Tudi
Published: August 2022

This article introduces our themed section on The Left(s) and Nationalism(s), which provides a comparative analysis of the relationship between nationalism and different left‐wing parties in Western Europe. It highlights the innovative comparative perspectives offered by this themed section, which not only concerns a series of different geographical cases studies but also involves the ideological plurality of the Left. The larger research question that our contributors address is how different left‐wing parties have dealt with the inherent ideological tension between the universality claimed by the Left and the particularism inherent in nationalism, as a doctrine and a principle of political legitimacy. The article stresses three main contributions of our themed section: (1) Western European left‐wing parties do engage with the themes of nationalism and nationhood, but they often rely on convenient silence to solve some of the contradictions with their progressive ideology. (2) None of these parties have formulated thick versions of the respective national identities. (3) State‐wide left‐wing parties have used instrumental conceptions of nationhood to address the challenge of separatist parties, but only with mixed results.
Greens and the nation: Is small beautiful?
Authors: Kernalegenn Tudi
Published: August 2022

Despite their distrust of big and centralised political units, their stance in favour of minorities and diversity, Greens do not skip the national issue but reimagine it with a bottom‐up and plural perspective under the form of regionalism. This article first study how ecologist theoreticians have defined different regionalist approaches, notably bioregionalism, ecoregionalism and econationalism, which became the basis of the Green approach on the national issue in Western Europe as early as the 1970s. Then, the paper comparatively focusses on Europe Ecology – The Greens Brittany and on the Scottish Green Party, assessing their analysis on their territory: whereas the first defend the project of an autonomous Brittany, the second is actively involved in favour of the independence of Scotland. In analysing the regionalism of the Greens, the article demonstrates that the green stance on the nation is not “identitarian” or “patriotic” but “cognitive”: it is devoid of nostalgia but on the contrary a tool for a multicultural and democratic Europe.
Norwegian nurses' perceptions of assisted dying requests from terminally ill patients—A qualitative interview study
Authors: Hol Hege , Vatne Solfrid , Strømskag Kjell Erik , Orøy Aud , Rokstad Anne Marie Mork
Published: August 2022

This study explores the perceptions of Norwegian nurses who have received assisted dying requests from terminally ill patients. Assisted dying is illegal in Norway, while in some countries, it is an option. Nurses caring for terminally ill patients may experience ethical challenges by receiving requests for euthanasia and assisted suicide. We applied a qualitative research design with a phenomenological hermeneutic approach using open individual interviews. A total of 15 registered nurses employed in pulmonary and oncology wards of three university hospitals and home care in one municipality were recruited. Four themes emerged from the analysis: (1) unprepared for the request; (2) meeting direct, indirect, and nonverbal requests; (3) working in a gray zone, and (4) feeling alone and powerless. The study found that nurses were unsure how to handle such requests due to professional uncertainty about assisted dying. Working in an environment where the topic is taboo made nurses morally uncertain, and some perceived this as moral distress. The hospital chaplain played a significant role in providing support to these nurses.
The secreted protein P75 of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG regulates the SERT expression via EGFR and NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Wang Xin , Li Ying , Hou Junjie , Wang Zelan , Chen Yiming , Su Shuai , Xu Xin , Zhang Jie , Zhong Weilong , Wang Bangmao , Wang Yuming
Published: August 2022

Aim

To investigate the mechanism of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG)‐secreted protein, P75, on the regulation of the expression of serotonin transporter (SERT) through the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) pathway.

Methods

Caco‐2 cells were stimulated with LGG supernatant (LGG‐super), protein P75, AG1478, and TNF‐α. A rat model of post‐infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI‐IBS) was constructed and treated with phosphate‐buffered saline and LGG‐super for 4 weeks. The levels of SERT, p‐EGFR, EGFR, p‐NF‐κB, NF‐κB, p‐IκB‐α, and IκB‐α were detected by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, immunofluorescence, and immunochemistry. Luciferase assay was used to verify the link between NF‐κB and SERT promoter.

Results

LGG‐super and P75 upregulated the expression levels of SERT and p‐EGFR and decreased the expression levels of p‐IκB‐α and p‐NF‐κB. Dual luciferase assay result suggested that NF‐κB inhibited the activity of SERT promoter. In the animal experiments, 5‐HT concentration increased in the PI‐IBS Model group but decreased in the Model +LGG‐super group compared with the control. On the contrary, the expression of SERT protein was downregulated in the PI‐IBS Model group and improved in the Model +LGG‐super group. The expression of p‐EGFR was reduced and p‐NF‐κB was enhanced in the PI‐IBS Model group, whereas the expression of p‐EGFR and p‐NF‐κB was the opposite in the Model +LGG‐super group.

Conclusion

LGG supernatant and its secreted protein, P75, upregulate the expression of SERT by activating EGFR and inhibiting the NF‐κB pathway.
Uncovering natural genetic variants of the SOS pathway to improve salinity tolerance in maize
Authors: Arciniegas Vega Juan Pablo , Melino Vanessa J.
Published: August 2022

This article is a Commentary on Zhou et al. (2022), 236: 479–494.
The IPGA1‐ANGUSTIFOLIA module regulates microtubule organisation and pavement cell shape in Arabidopsis
Authors: Chen Binqing , Dang Xie , Bai Wenting , Liu Min , Li Ying , Zhu Lilan , Yang Yanqiu , Yu Peihang , Ren Huibo , Huang Dingquan , Pan Xue , Wang Haifeng , Qin Yuan , Feng Shiliang , Wang Qin , Lin Deshu
Published: August 2022

Plant cells continuously experience mechanical stress resulting from the cell wall that bears internal turgor pressure. Cortical microtubules align with the predicted maximal tensile stress direction to guide cellulose biosynthesis and therefore results in cell wall reinforcement. We have previously identified Increased Petal Growth Anisotropy (IPGA1) as a putative microtubule‐associated protein in Arabidopsis, but the function of IPGA1 remains unclear.

Here, using the Arabidopsis cotyledon pavement cell as a model, we demonstrated that IPGA1 forms protein granules and interacts with ANGUSTIFOLIA (AN) to cooperatively regulate microtubule organisation in response to stress.

Application of mechanical perturbations, such as cell ablation, led to microtubule reorganisation into aligned arrays in wild‐type cells. This microtubule response to stress was enhanced in the IPGA1 loss‐of‐function mutant. Mechanical perturbations promoted the formation of IPGA1 granules on microtubules. We further showed that IPGA1 physically interacted with AN both in vitro and on microtubules. The ipga1 mutant alleles exhibited reduced interdigitated growth of pavement cells, with smooth shape. IPGA1 and AN had a genetic interaction in regulating pavement cell shape. Furthermore, IPGA1 genetically and physically interacted with the microtubule‐severing enzyme KATANIN.

We propose that the IPGA1‐AN module regulates microtubule organisation and pavement cell shape.
Recent advancements for tropical cyclone data assimilation
Authors: Christophersen Hui , Sippel Jason , Aksoy Altug , Baker Nancy L.
Published: August 2022

In this review, data assimilation (DA) techniques used for tropical cyclones (TCs) are briefly overviewed. The strength and weakness of variational methods, ensemble methods, hybrid methods, and particle filter methods are also discussed. Several global numerical weather prediction models and their corresponding DA systems frequently used for TC forecasting and verification are described first. The DA research and development efforts in the operational regional model from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction's Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting are then discussed in greater detail. Focused remarks on TC observations from reconnaissance, ground‐based radar, enhanced satellite‐derived atmospheric motion vectors and all‐sky satellite radiances and their impacts on TC analyses and forecasts are addressed. Recent TC DA advancements and challenges on better use of observations and more advanced DA methods for TC application are also briefly reviewed.
Associations between red blood cell indices and iron status and neurocognitive function in young adults: Evidence from memory and executive function tests and event‐related potentials
Authors: Raz Sivan , Koren Ariel , Levin Carina
Published: August 2022

Cognitive impairment has been associated with anemia and iron deficiency; however, brain electrophysiological studies correlating red blood cell (RBC) indices and iron status to cognition in adulthood are scarce. We aimed to assess neurocognitive function in young adults of the general population and its correlation with RBC indices and iron status. Neurocognitive function was investigated using scalp‐recorded event‐related potentials (ERPs) within the context of a task‐switching paradigm. ERPs and test performance were also compared across groups of “high”/“low” RBC and iron indices. Working memory was examined using the digit span test, in which mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and ferritin were found to be significant predictors of test performance, with higher MCH/MCV/ferritin being associated with better test scores. In the switching task, MCH, MCV, and ferritin were found to be significant predictors of task performance, with higher MCH/MCV/ferritin levels associated with a lower percentage of errors. Electrophysiological results showed that MCH and MCV were significant predictors of ERPs amplitude, with lower MCH/MCV levels associated with greater amplitude, which may reflect compensatory processes. P1, N1, P2, and P3 were greater for the low MCH/MCV groups. This is the first evidence of association between levels of MCH/MCV and brain function while engaged in an executive function task; possibly reflecting brain iron availability.