bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supplementing D-Type and L-Type Methionine and Its Precursor Alters the Expression of mRNA, Proteins and Metabolites Involved in Milk Protein Synthesis and Energy Metabolism in Bovine Mammary Cells
Authors: Jeon S. W. , Conejos Jay Ronel , Kim J. E. , Kim M. J. , Lee J. E. , Lee B. S. , Park J. S. , Moon J. O. , Lee J.S. , Lee Hong-Gu
Published: December 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of supplementing different types of methionine (L and D-type) and its precursor (HMBi) on milk protein synthesis using immortalized bovine mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T Cell); D-methionine (D-Met), L-methionine (L-met) and 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoic acid I (HMBi), an isopropyl ester of the hydroxy analogue precursor of methionine. The underlying mechanism of milk protein synthesis by adding D- and L-type amino acid as well as HMBi was elucidated through omics analysis to verify the metabolism pathway. Results showed that HMBi group showed the highest beta casein mRNA expression levels compared to D- and L-Met groups and highest medium protein although not different with the L-Met treatment. The observed upregulated (>2 protein expression vs. control) and downregulated (<0.5 protein expression vs. control) proteins in L-Met, D-Met and HMBi treated groups were: 39, 77; 46, 68; and 40, 78, respectively. Interestingly, based on protein pathway analysis, L-Met treated group stimulated the ATP synthesis, PI3 kinase and pyruvate metabolism. On the other hand, the D-Met group stimulated fructose-galactose metabolism, glycolysis pathway, PI3 kinase and pyruvate metabolism. And lastly HMBi-treated group stimulated pentose phosphate pathway and glycolysis pathway. Metabolite analysis revealed that L-Met treated group resulted in the increase in 11 metabolites. On the other hand, D-Met treated group showed increase in 7 metabolites and decreased of uridine monophosphate (UMP). HMBi supplementation caused increases of 3 metabolites and decreased of UMP and N-acetyl-L-glutamate Addition of different isoforms of Met stimulated the production of intermediate metabolites for energy production. Addition of L-Met stimulated the production of energy metabolites such as pyruvate, malate, and fumarate, well-known as intermediates of Krebs cycle. On the other hand, HMBi supplementation resulted in increases of energy metabolite glucose 1-phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate. Results showed that HMBi-treated group exhibited highest expression of β-casein mRNA expression by stimulating proteins and metabolites as well as protein and metabolic pathways involved in protein and energy synthesis. As a result, HMBi-treated group resulted in highest protein concentration but not significantly different with L-Met. Both the D- and L-isoforms has considerably the same medium protein concentration and β-casein mRNA expression higher than the control. So, D- and L-Met isoforms can be used alternatively without any significant change in protein synthesis efficiency in bovine mammary epithelial cells.
Analysis of Chemically Labile Glycation Adducts in Seed Proteins: Case Study of Methylglyoxal-Derived Hydroimidazolone 1 (MG-H1)
Authors: Antonova Kristina , Vikhnina Maria , Soboleva Alena , Mehmood Tahir , Heymich Marie-Louise , Leonova Tatiana , Bankin Mikhail , Lukasheva Elena , Gensberger-Reigl Sabrina , Medvedev Sergei , Smolikova Galina , Pischetsrieder Monika , Frolov Andrej
Published: December 2018

Seeds represent the major source of food protein, impacting on both human nutrition and animal feeding. Therefore, seed quality needs to be appropriately addressed in the context of viability and food safety. Indeed, long-term and inappropriate storage of seeds might result in enhancement of protein glycation, which might affect their quality and longevity. Glycation of seed proteins can be probed by exhaustive acid hydrolysis and quantification of the glycation adduct Nɛ-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). This approach, however, does not allow analysis of thermally and chemically labile glycation adducts, like glyoxal-, methylglyoxal- and 3-deoxyglucosone-derived hydroimidazolones. Although enzymatic hydrolysis might be a good solution in this context, it requires aqueous conditions, which cannot ensure reconstitution of seed protein isolates. Because of this, the complete profiles of seed AGEs are not characterized so far. Therefore, here we propose the approach, giving access to quantitative solubilization of seed proteins in presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and their quantitative enzymatic hydrolysis prior to removal of SDS by reversed phase solid phase extraction (RP-SPE). Using MG-H1 as a case example, we demonstrate the applicability of this method for reliable and sensitive LC-MS-based quantification of chemically labile AGEs and its compatibility with bioassays.
SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF DROUGHT IN GROBOGAN REGENCY USING STANDARDIZED PRECIPITATION INDEX (SPI)
Authors: Partini Dwi , Muryani Chatarina , Santosa Sigit
Published: December 2018

This study aims to determine the spatial distribution of drought in Grobogan Regency using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). The data used is Grobogan rainfall data for 21 years (1994-2014) at 21 rainfallstations. The results showed that the incidence of droughts lasted for five months, from May to September. The peak of the drought occurred in August with SPI value of -1.53 to -2.51, a region with extremely dry category measuring 74394.37 hectares or 37.65% of study area and dry categories covering 123,191.6 hectares or 62.35% of study area.
UTILIZATION OF LEARNING MEDIA MY MAP MY ADVENTURE TO INCREASE GEOGRAPHY LEARNING RESULTS
Authors: Purnomo Dony
Published: December 2018

The aim of this reseach are: to (1) Describe the utilization of my map my adventure to improve learning outcomes on geography subject, (2) To know the improvement of learning outcomes through the application of learning media my map my adventure on geography subjects. This classroom action research uses two cycles in class XI IPS 4 SMAN 1 Purwantoro study year 2017/2018. The indicator of success in this study mastery of classical learners is above 65% and increase learning outcomes of learners. The results of this research are: (1) Utilization of my map my adventure media through several stages of archipelagic activities, core activities consisting of learners reading various references, forming groups, playing my map my adventure, presentation and ending with closing activities, (2) Utilization media my map my adventure can improve the learning result of geography. Increased learning outcomes are reflected in students who complete the pre cycle is 9 students (36%) of unfinished 16 students (64%), in the cycle I learners who complete as many as 15 students (60%) while the unfinished as many as 10 students (40%), in cycle II learners who completed up to 22 (88%) and unfinished to 3 students (12%).
DESIGN OF MODEL-BASED GEOGRAPHY LEARNING ENVIRONMENT TO CREATE SCHOOL FUN
Authors: Prihadi Singgih
Published: December 2018

The research was distributed by the demands of professional teachers in carrying out the mandate to develop and implement creative and productive learning involving learners as well as their role actively. The learning process that facilitates the needs of learners and of innovative designed will be able to create an atmosphere of learning fun and meaningful for learners. Especially for geography teachers who want to create a geography learning with fun and meaningful then must master the application of model-based learning environment. This initial research is the study of the introduction in the form of needs analysis in the development of a prototype model of learning geography-based environment for creating school fun. Needs analysis is done to strengthen basic product development model so that the expected results have great benefits for teachers. In the needs analysis will be known the level of understanding of the geography teacher in Surakarta City against the application of the model of learning geography-based environment. This learning model of product development done because of early observations of known low learning motivation of the learners follow learning geography in school.

The research method used was Research and Development version of the Borg and Gall. Phases of this research is the first step of the model of Research and Development. At this stage of the preliminary study it, researchers attempted to dig in depth about the perception, skill, and the suitability of the curriculum learning focussed experiences related to the geography-based environment for creating school fun. Engineering data collection done by interview and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and geography teachers in the city of Surakarta.

From research conducted, produced conclusions that: 1) the perception of teachers in understanding the concept of geography-based learning model development environment is already good enough. Teachers describe teaching experience by leveraging the model-based learning environment. 2) teacher skills in teaching using model-based geography learning environment is already quite good, though there is still that have not been put into practice appropriate procedures systematically. This has an impact on the learning process becomes not interesting for learners. 3) Utilizing the geography learning resource in the form of an environment capable of answering the demands of the scientific approach to skills achievement Curriculum on 2013.

 
LEARNING DAN THE LANGUAGE ART Membelajarkan Penguasaan Keterampilan Membaca dan Menulis pada Anak-Anak
Authors: Dwi Susanti Rini
Published: December 2018

Children use language for social purposes so that teachers plan teaching
activities in the social component, such as classroom writing activities. The concept
of children’s language reflects the culture of their home community, so that the
teachers must respect students’ language and appreciate the cultural differences
in their attitudes towards learning in general and learning language arts. Children
learn to read and write through the mastery of skills gradually. Their language
learning is influenced by art learning where the language is given. Learning
programs should not be interpreted as any activity or material, but on the contrary,
the teachers design the learning and teaching strategies form based on how the
children learn. The approach used is cognitive learning theory, psycholinguistics
and sociolinguistics. In addition, it is in line with constructivist or cognitive
RESEARCH OF INFORMATION MAINTENANCE TECHNOLOGY OF MACHINE OPERATOR TRAINING QUALITY ASSESSMENT AS THE ELEMENT OF THE SYSTEM
Authors: Laktionov Alexander
Published: December 2018

The information maintenance technology of machine operator training quality assessment with numerical programmed control (the machine operator), which ensures the operation of the “Operator – Machine Tool – Part Manufacturing Program” (OMMP) system, has been studied. The methods used to obtain primary empirical self-assessments, expert assessment and standardized estimates of the industry standard for calculating:

1) The index of professional competence of the machine operator, where self-assessments and expert assessments are combined;

2) The index of quality assessment of machine operator training, where the series of expert assessments and standardized assessments of the industry standard are combined, separately, for each of the four levels of complexity of the part-processing control program.

The proposed mathematical methods of index estimates simplify the process of comparative analysis and establish a relationship between the growth index of the professional machine operator competence formation and the effectiveness of the information maintenance technology index for assessing the quality of its training by state certification methods.

It has been experimentally proved that raising the level of qualification through the means of state certification has a significant effect on the growth of the level of professional competence and the quality of machine operator training. The effectiveness of information technology to support the quality assessment of machine operator training is provided by subjective factors (formed qualities of the operator’s personality) in conjunction with the external (objective) factors causing them to form.
PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF COGNITIVE TESTS AND THEIR COMBINATION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE AND REDUCED LEFT VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION
Authors: Voronkov Leonid , Solonovych Anastasiia , Liashenko Alina , Revenko Ivanna
Published: December 2018

Impaired cognitive function (CF) is common among patients with CHF and is an additional factor impairing the quality of life, adherence to treatment, and hence the clinical prognosis in this category of patients.

The aim of this work was to study the prognostic significance of individual cognitive tests, as well as their combination in patients with CHF with a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LV EF).

Materials and methods. The study was conducted in the Department of Heart Failure of National Scientific Center "M.D. Strazhesko Institute of Cardiology" National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, in the period from 01/01/2016 to 04/27/2018. A total of 124 patients with CHF between the ages of 18 and 75 years, II-IV functional classes by NYHA were examined. The cognitive function was assessed using the Schulte test, Mini-Mental State Examination scale (MMSE); HADS scale. Cognitive dysfunction (CD) was considered as MMSE ≤26 points. To construct the survival curves and the onset of the combined critical event (death or hospitalization), the Kaplan – Meier method was used, the significance of the differences between the curves was determined using the log-rank criterion. Differences were considered statistically significant at p <0.05.

Results. The MMSE scale was highly informative regarding the prediction of survival and the onset of a combined critical event (death or hospitalization) in patients with CHF and reduced LVEF even after correction of the compared groups by age and functional class according to NYHA (p=0.025 and p=0.049, respectively). Using the same sample, Schulte showed low prognostic significance regarding survival and reliable informativeness regarding the onset of the combined critical event, which, however, was leveled after correcting the compared samples by age and functional class NYHA (p=0.798 and p=0.240, respectively). The inclusion in the prognostic algorithm of estimating the sum of points on the HADS depression scale allowed increasing the degree of reliability of differences between the compared groups of patients with CD and without CD in terms of both long-term survival and the onset of a combined critical event (death or hospitalization) (p=0.006 and p=0.001 respectively).

Conclusions. The MMSE scale is informative regarding the prediction of survival and the onset of a combined critical event in patients with CHF and reduced LVEF. Schulte's test does not have the prognostic information indicated above, however, the inclusion in the algorithm of the sum of points on the HADS depression scale allows to increase the degree of statistical confidence in the compared groups.
FORMATION OF CONSUMPTION PROPERTIES OF SWEET PEPPER (CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.) SAUCE
Authors: Dubinina Antonina , Letuta Tetiana , Selyutina Galina , Shcherbakova Tetiana , Afanasieva Vita , Yudicheva Olha , Kalashnyk Olena , Samoylenko Antonina
Published: December 2018

The aim of the study is to form consumption properties of a green sweet pepper sauce with a balanced content of macro- and microelements. Due to the use of Xanthium strumarium and chitosan a new product has high organoleptic properties that attract a consumer and increase its competitiveness at the market.

Sweet green pepper that relates to most valuable vegetable cultures as to food value and taste was chosen as a main component of a sauce. For giving it a necessary consistence and for decreasing a time of thermal processing, there was used chitosan. According to results of the conducted studies, it was established, that among studied types of chitosan, advantages as to forming a consistence belongs to food acid-soluble chitosan with particle sizes up to 0,5 mm in amount 0,5 %.For preserving the natural green color, pepper fruits were preliminarily processed in 1 % decoction of Xanthium strumarium at temperature 75ºС during 15 min. For increasing its food value, the recipe was added with spicy-aromatic vegetable raw materials: garlic, dill, parsley, celery.

The sauce quality was formed by mathematical modeling using general criteria of optimization of organoleptic parameters. There were also determined specific criteria of optimization of the recipe composition taking into account their daily need. As a result of the conducted studies the composition of recipe components for the sauce was optimized: sweet pepper 80 %, garlic leaves – 5 %, parsley leaves,dill – 5 %, celery leaves – 5 %, salt – 1,5 %, sugar – 0,5 %, chitosan – 0,5 %.

There were studied organoleptic parameters of the developed sauce, characterized by a pleasant bright-green color, homogenous paste-like consistence, pleasant taste and smell. The used stabilizing factors allowed to get the sauce with the increased content of essential factors of nutrition. They participate in the increase of protective forces of the organism, so allow to recommend them in prophylactic, child and dietary nutrition.
Turning a commodity into an experience: the “sweetest spot” in the coffee shop
Authors: Branco Murilo , Kobakova Diana
Published: December 2018

Commodities are products with low economic value, but when related to experience, they can turn into profitable businesses. In the present work, the authors seek to understand consumer behavior in the coffee industry, guided by the following research question: How can customer experience affect price perception? To answer this question, the researchers conducted an analysis using the four realms of experience from Pine and Gilmore (1999, 2011) – entertainment, education, esthetics, and escapist – and how they behave according to different kinds of customer experience, as well as their relation to price perception. To understand this, the authors conducted qualitative research with 40 consumers in two important coffee companies: Starbucks and Costa Coffee. The coffee shops analyzed are located in the city of Marbella, Spain. The results of this research show that customers are aware of the price discrepancy, but still frequenting coffee shops for different experiences according to their interests. This work is groundbreaking because of the analysis of the four realms of experience and its correlation with the price perception. The authors also introduced to the customer experience field the analysis of the four realms in the coffee shop industry. Finally, from the research results, the authors suggest various managerial practices that can improve customer experience and the perception of prices.
Norteamentos da política de formação dos professores da educação básica no Brasil (2007-2014)
Authors: Mendonça Rodrigues Melânia
Published: December 2018

O artigo objetiva explicitar, criticamente, norteamentos da política de formação dos professores para a educação básica brasileira, no período 2007-2014, apontando aproximações das indicações de organismos multilaterais e do governo federal brasileiro. Nessa direção, toma, como fonte e objeto de análise, documentos da Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE), do Banco Mundial (BM)e do Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (IPEA), respectivamente. Articulada à literatura referente à política de formação de professores da educação básica na primeira década do século XXI, a análise das referidas orientações constata convergências das formulações do IPEA às da OCDE e BM, no que concerne à fragilização da formação inicial do docente, bem como aponta para o risco de a formação universitária ser substituída por certificações alternativas, ou por provas nacionais de ingresso no magistério, permitindo atrair profissionais de outras áreas para o exercício profissional como professores.
O golpe de 2016 e os impactos para a educação superior brasileira
Authors: Mancebo Deise
Published: December 2018

O artigo discute os principais impactos da complexa conjuntura brasileira nas políticas para a educação superior, com especial destaque aos acontecimentos econômicos e políticos que tiveram curso após o golpe de 2016. É um estudo de caráter exploratório e sua construção apoia-se em pesquisa bibliográfica, na análise documental de problemáticas necessárias para a compreensão do tema, na consulta à legislação pertinente e no levantamento e discussão de estatísticas existentes, adotando, portanto, uma perspectiva de análise que conjuga aspectos quantitativos e qualitativos. Seu desenvolvimento ocorre em dois momentos: (1) uma breve discussão da complexa conjuntura econômica e política na qual o país se encontra envolvido, considerando o retorno de forte ofensiva conservadora e (2) uma análise da educação superior nesse contexto, subdividida, por seu turno, nos impactos diferenciados que se pode observar na rede pública e na rede privado-mercantil. Conclui, enumerando alguns desafios para a superação da atual conjuntura e para a defesa da educação pública.
A Secure and Energy-Aware Routing Protocol for Optimal Routing in Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks (MWSNs)
Authors: Oladayo Olakanmi , Ashraf Abbas
Published: December 2018

Background and Objective:

Mobile Wireless Sensor Network (MWSN) is a specialized
wireless network made up of large number of mobile sensors, where each sensor is capable of changing
its location, relaying data to either the base station or neighbouring nodes. MWSN has emerged
as a useful integral part of modern communication systems; however, its major performance challenges
are lack of data delivery assurance due to mobility of its sensors, low computational power of
its nodes, and some security related issues.

Methods:

Most of the existing WSN routing protocols are for non-mobile sensors and require considerably
high computational power. Thus, not suitable for energy-constraint WSN with mobile sensors.
Therefore, there is need for a secure protocol for MWSN with mechanisms that take into account
the limited resources of the nodes and dynamism of its nodes’ locations.

Results:

In this paper, an efficient routing protocol for MWSN is proposed, not to only improve data
delivery but to ensure reliability. This protocol is capable of selecting optimal multi-hop route among
available routes for the source node and securely hops the data to the destination nodes through intermediary
nodes. Formal and informal security analysis of the routing protocol is done to ascertain
the required security level of the protocol. In addition, computational cost analysis is done to evaluate
the computational cost of the protocol.

Conclusion:

The analysis results showed that the proposed protocol was secure and required low
computational cost.
DESJUDICIALIZAÇÃO DA SAÚDE , DIÁLOGOS INTERINSTITUCIONAIS E PARTICIPAÇÃO SOCIAL: EM BUSCA DE ALTERNATIVAS PARA O SISTEMA
Authors: Machado Clara , Martini Sandra Regina
Published: December 2018

A judicialização da saúde enquanto estratégia para a garantia do direito à saúde tem-se mostrado cada vez mais insuficiente e obsoleta, sendo necessário buscar novas soluções e alternativas para a manutenção do sistema único de saúde. O monitoramento produzido pelo eixo temático “Acompanhamento das Decisões Judiciais Relativas à Saúde”, do Observatório de Análise Política em Saúde (OAPS) em 2017 aponta que os gastos federais com processos judiciais na área da saúde continuam crescentes, fato que coloca em jogo a manutenção do sistema único de saúde e demonstra que a judicialização não resolve o problema. Diante deste quadro, este artigo propõe repensar o fenômeno da judicialização a partir do princípio constitucional da fraternidade ao potencializar o diálogo insterinstitucional e fomentar o dever de participação social na definição e estruturação de políticas públicas adequadas à realidade social. Defende-se, desta forma, a criação de instrumentos de desjudicialização da saúde, como forma de garantir a efetividade do direito à saúde. Para tanto, serão utilizadas as técnicas típicas da metodologia de pesquisa indutiva e descritiva com o auxílio dos instrumentos de pesquisa típicas de uma pesquisa descritiva, quais sejam, o levantamento, a revisão e o fichamento bibliográfico documental/legal.
PROIBIÇÃO DE RETROCESSO SOCIAL E PRINCÍPIO DA EFICIÊNCIA: IMPLICAÇÕES NUM CONTEXTO DE CRISE ECONÔMICA
Authors: Ferreira Kélvia Faria , Rosa Waleska Marcy
Published: December 2018

O presente artigo analisa em que medida o princípio da eficiência pode funcionar como impeditivo de retrocessos na seara social. Neste sentido, identifica-se o princípio da proibição de retrocesso social como decorrência do princípio da eficiência. Para tanto, inicialmente, fez-se necessário adotar a ressignificação do princípio da eficiência à luz da opção constitucional por um Estado pós-Social. Esta ressignificação implica (i) afastar a concepção clássica em que tal princípio foi incluído na Constituição brasileira de 1988, ocasião na qual o princípio estava apenas vinculado aos ideais neoliberais, intensamente relacionado ao princípio da economicidade e às privatizações; (ii) caracterizá-lo em sintonia com o Estado Social, de modo que a eficiência da atuação pública relaciona-se com a prestação de serviços à população em nível ótimo de qualidade. Em seguida, analisou-se o conceito de proibição de retrocesso social e as implicações deste num contexto de crise econômica, situação fática que inevitavelmente interfere na efetividade dos direitos sociais. Desta forma, adotando-se como marco teórico o pós-positivismo jurídico e guiando-se por metodologia dedutiva de pesquisa, foi possível identificar aproximações entre os conceitos de eficiência e proibição de retrocesso social. Assim, pode-se verificar que a colocação do princípio da proibição de retrocesso social junto ao princípio da eficiência contribui para a defesa dos direitos sociais num contexto de crise econômica, vez que a Administração Pública apenas será eficiente se impedir retrocessos sociais.
A INCONSTITUCIONALIDADE DA PUBLICIDADE RESTRITA DOS PROCESSOS NO TRIBUNAL DE CONTAS DA UNIÃO
Authors: Brito José Paulo Guedes , Assunção Linara Oeiras
Published: December 2018

A presente pesquisa examina o regime de publicidade restrita empregado nos processos de contas do Tribunal de Contas da União (TCU) e questiona sua constitucionalidade ante o princípio da publicidade, que figura como preceito geral, havendo o sigilo como exceção. A investigação tem caráter qualitativo e pauta-se em pesquisa bibliográfica direta e indireta, e visa compreender o regime de publicidade especial sob o prisma constitucional. À luz da teoria dos direitos fundamentais de Robert Alexy, e sob a ótica da accountability, conclui-se que a restrição da publicidade carece de validade, pois extrapola as limitações permitidas pelo texto constitucional. Os resultados apontam que o art. 163 do Regimento Interno do TCU (Resolução nº 155/2002), o qual limita a publicidade dos processos de contas, é inválido.
O SUPREMO TRIBUNAL FEDERAL COMO ÁRBITRO OU JOGADOR? AS CRISES FISCAIS DOS ESTADOS BRASILEIROS E O JOGO DO RESGATE
Authors: Echeverria Andrea de Quadros Dantas , Ribeiro Gustavo Ferreira
Published: December 2018

Este artigo elucida, inicialmente, quais os principais instrumentos institucionais e políticos que estabelecem as condições que geram o ciclo vicioso de irresponsabilidade fiscal dos entes subnacionais e subsequentes resgates por parte do ente central, através do ‘jogo do resgate’. Na sequência, essa matriz teórica será confrontada com o desenho federalista proposto pela Constituição de 1988 e as alterações legislativas promovidas posteriormente pela Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal, como forma de correção da perversa matriz de incentivos estabelecida. Além disso, expõe-se as razões do fracasso de referida reestruturação, mediante a inserção de um novo jogador, o Supremo Tribunal Federal, na estrutura do jogo.
CALCULATION OF THREE-LAYER LARGE DIAMETER PIPES ON THE PC «LIRA»
Authors: Bulgakov A. I. , Vishtalov R. I. , Muselemov H. M. , Ustarkhanov O. M.
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesThis article discusses the evaluation of the possibility of application of three-layer pipelines. For this purpose, the stress-strain state of three-layer pipes under the action of internal pressure is investigated. The largest in the modern world are considered to be the main pipewater. They are mainly used to transport oil and gas from production sites to processing plants. Pipelines are intended for movement of liquid, gases and other environments and first of all it is water pipelines. As you know, main and technological pipelines are IP-elite club that cares only metal buildings, the construction of which consume Xia millions of tons of steel. On the other hand, one of the main indicators of efficiency of trunk pipelines is their material consumption. As a rule, trunk pipelines have a long length, and therefore an unreasonable increase in the even thickness of the pipe walls by at least 1 mm leads to an overspending of steel by de-siyatki and even hundreds of thousands of tons. In this regard, to the calculations of the main pipe wires for strength should be given the most serious attention.

MethodsThe calculation is carried out by numerical methods, namely with the help of finite element meto-da (FEM), implemented in the PC "LIRA".

ResultsThe calculation of the pipes is performed on the load from the transported medium applied to the inner contour of the pipe. In this case, for the three-layer pipe (the first option) and for the pipes of the second and third options, the ring tensile stresses and strains were determined. The isofields of tensile and shear stresses are given, the comparative graphical dependence of ring tensile stresses is constructed.

Conclusion.The obtained numerical results showed that the selected calculation scheme (var.1), that is, the representation of the continuous section of the pipe in the form of a three-layer, is correct. The discrepancies between the data obtained are related to the rotation of the section along the radius of the pipe. In General, the results of calculations showed the possibility of using a three-layer pipe wall for transportation of various media.

Acknowledgment.This work was supported by a grant from the President of the Russian Federation (MK-6112.2018.8)
IDENTIFICATION OF AIR RADAR TARGETS USING THE DOPPLER EFFECT FROM A HEATED JET ENGINE
Authors: Adalaeva P. Sh. , Aigumov T. G. , Magomedova S. V. , Chelushkina T. A.
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesThe aim of the study is to develop a methodology for identifyingaircraft by the deflections of an electromagnetic radar beam by a heated jet engine.

 MethodsAtoms of the crystal lattice of the metallic parts of the operating jet engine will be in a state of chaotic Brownian motion due to heating. The electromagnetic beam, falling on these atoms, will change its frequency in accordance with the Doppler effect, by means of which the spectral electromagnetic radiation component will expand in direct proportion to the magnitude of the engine temperature. When determining the width of the spectral line of the direction-finding radio emission, it is possible to accurately identify the temperature of the aircraft in order to avoid false targets.

ResultsWhen locating aircraft having a working jet engine, it is possible not only to determine the coordinates of the target, but also to identify the heated engine. Due to the use of high-precision methods for identifying heated sections, the direction-finding targets may be classified, the spatial orientation of both the aircraft itself and its control planes to be determinedand the direction of the thrust vector control of the jet engine calculated.

ConclusionThe application of an innovative technique for direction-finding air targets will allow the radar targets to be identified with high accuracy against the background of active and passive interferences. In addition, when analysing the information on the magnitude and direction of the jet engine thrust and the position of the aircraft controls, it is possible to determine not only the coordinates of the direction-finding object, but also to proactively identify the manoeuvres to be performed.
INFLUENCE OF THE METERING METHOD ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF A DIESEL DISTRIBUTOR FUEL PUMP
Authors: Godzhaev К. M.
Published: December 2018

Objectives The aim of the study is to improve the performance of the metering system and thus enhance control over the cyclical supply of fuel to a diesel distributor pump. The results of a study of the effect of a new metering method on the characteristics of a distributor fuel pump are presented.

 Methods Following mathematical analysis, a mathematical model of the working process of the fuel supply system, based on a new metering approach employing the "decay of discontinuity" method, was compiled.The model comprises a system of differential equations for continuity and momentum alongside mass balance equations for describing the boundary conditions for various cavities of the fuel system, i.e. above the plunger, under the valve, above the valve cavities and in the nozzle. The differential equations take into account the two-phase nature of the gas-liquid medium in the injection cavities and metering system, as well as the design features of the pump. An expression for the stroke of the metering plunger in the new system is given.

 Results The theoretical and experimental characteristics of a fuel supply system employing the proposed metering system are considered. Diagrams showing maximum injection pressures, which depend on the stroke of the metering plunger at various strokes of the injection plunger and alteration of maximum injection pressure of the nozzle depending on the rotation speed of the cam shaft, are provided. The characteristics of the fuel supply system of the pump for various spring stiffness of the metering plunger are also provided in diagram form. The comparative parameters of the fuel supply process are presented for the conventional and new metering methods. The features of the use of diesel high-pressure distributor pumps, their design and operational features are described. The advantages of the metering system proposed by the author are presented in terms of its influence on the fuel injection process. A comparative evaluation of metering methods used in contemporary distributor pumps for diesel engines is given.

 Conclusion The results of the experiments confirmed the suitability of the new metering method for use in diesel engines.
‘Just Read my Magazine!’ Periodicals as European Spaces in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Brolsma Marjet , Wijnterp Lies
Published: December 2018

Introduction to the special issue.
‘Vous êtes un fanatique, oui — j’en suis un aussi’: The Position of Flanders within the Context of Internationalization in Post-War Belgium: The Case of L’Art Libre (1919–22)
Authors: Mus Francis
Published: December 2018

The shock of the First World War resulted in a range of initiatives that, on the artistic level, radically called into question a number of fundamental concepts. While the function of new art was a topic that was discussed in different European countries, the international orientation of each national art differed from country to country. In Belgium, this was a complex issue. Notions such as ‘literature’ and especially ‘internationalism’ became the subject of a harsh battle for definition that was carried out in several literary and artistic magazines. In this article, I look at how these terms were defined within the artistic group surrounding the Brussels magazine L’Art libre (1919–22). I will give a general definition of internationalism in order to then elaborate the extent to which it may come into conflict with a focus on local, Flemish reality. As a social entity, Flanders did indeed fit into the internationalist program to recognize suppressed nations. Yet as an artistic entity, its existence was more problematically situated within a tendency for ever-increasing artistic internationalization. My analysis will show a number of discursive and argumentative strategies used by writers and critics in order to legitimate the idea of ‘Flanders’, both as a literary and as a social entity.
Estructura y diversidad de la vegetación arbórea del bosque de galería del río Xaltatempa, Puebla, México
Authors: Aguilar-Luna Jesús Mao Estanislao , Loeza-Corte Juan Manuel , García-Villanueva Eduardo , Hernández-Fernández Luis Alejandro
Published: December 2018

Los bosques de galería son formaciones vegetales que se desarrollan de forma paralela a los cauces de los ríos, poseen gran diversidad vegetal; siendo sus especies arbóreas importantes indicadoras de la calidad del agua; por ello, se describieron las variables de la vegetación arbórea y su relación con la calidad del agua del río Xaltatempa, Puebla, México. Se establecieron seis unidades de muestreo de 1000 m2, distanciadas cada 2 km, en las que se midieron e identificaron todos los árboles y arbustos, para generar información acerca del: índice de valor de importancia (IVI), índice de valor forestal (IVF), índice de heterogeneidad de Shannon-Weaver (H') e índice de similitud de Sorensen (ÍSS); adicionalmente se tomaron muestras de agua del río, para determinar sus principales características químicas. Los resultados indicaron diferencia ente sitios (α≤0.05), donde la especie más importante por su dominancia, densidad y frecuencia fue Platanus mexicana (IVI=182.71); de la misma forma lo fue por su diámetro, altura y cobertura (IVF=300.00). Mientras que la riqueza específica (H'=0.54), se concentró en: Alnus acuminata, Ligustrum japonicum, Parathesis serrulata, Pinus patula, Platanus mexicana y Quercus rugosa; en cuanto al ÍSS la combinación pareada de los sitios 4 (1586 m snm) y 5 (1536 m snm), hizo coincidir a las especies: Alnus acuminata, Ligustrum japonicum y Platanus mexicana (ÍSS=1.00). La estructura (fragmentada) y la diversidad (muy baja) de la vegetación arbórea del bosque de galería, hacen evidentes los cambios en su composición; sin tener efectos negativos en la calidad del agua para su aprovechamiento.
Análisis económico de la cosecha mecanizada en repoblaciones de Eucalyptus spp. en sitios montañosos
Authors: Gonçalves Robert Renato Cesar , Oliveira Brown Rafael , Castilla Ruy Camila
Published: December 2018

El avance de la mecanización en la cosecha forestal viene a reforzar los índices de competitividad del sector de producción en Brasil, aunque el uso de máquinas en zonas de pendiente sea un desafío técnico y operacional para la ingeniería de equipos. Este trabajo pretende evaluar los costos operacionales y de producción del harvester 911.3 X3M y del forwarder 860.4 con grúa de tracción auxiliar, en situaciones montañosas y analizar la influencia de cada variable en los costos. Los datos analizados fueron de áreas de repoblación de eucaliptos en Minas Gerais. Se observó un costo de producción de USD 4.59 m-3 (a costos de 2017 en todos los casos) para el harvester. El forwarder presentó un costo de producción de USD 2.75 m-3. Se concluye que estas máquinas pueden operar en situaciones montañosas con costos equivalentes a los de otras máquinas, sin pérdidas significativas de productividad con el aumento de la pendiente. Además, se notó que el valor de adquisición del equipo fue la variable que más influyó en el costo operacional y, entre más nueva la máquina, mayor influencia tiene el precio del combustible; por otro lado, cuanto más usada, más influencia tienen los costos de mantenimiento y reparaciones.
Cost minimization comparison of oral UFT/leucovorin versus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin as adjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer in Taiwan
Authors: Hsu Tzu-Chi , Wang Chi-Chuan
Published: December 2018

Aim:
Oral uracil–tegafur/leucovorin (UFT/LV) and intravenous 5-fluorouracil (FU)/LV are common adjuvant therapies for Stages II and III colorectal cancer. This study aims to determine the most cost-effective treatment alternative between UFT/LV and 5-FU/LV in Stages II and III colorectal cancer from Taiwan's National Health Insurance perspective.
Patients & methods:
The costs were referenced directly from the National Health Insurance reimbursement price. Chemotherapy regimen considered for the cost analysis calculation was adapted from NSABP-C-06 study, and, a time saving calculation was also included. In addition, we compare the treatment outcome.
Result:
A total cost saving of US$3620.80–$3709.16 per patient per treatment was achieved with the UFT/LV treatment. UFT/LV provides the comparable outcome to 5-FU/LV.
Conclusion:
UFT/LV was the more cost-effective treatment as adjuvant chemotherapy.
Strategi Pemasaran Hasil Olahan Limbah Minyak Jelantah dan Limbah Kulit Pisang Menjadi Sabun Souvenir di Desa Sendangsari
Authors: Suwartini Iis , Erviana Vera Yuli , Mudayana Ahid
Published: December 2018

Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat di Desa Sendangsari bertujuan untuk mengurangi limbah minyak jelantah dan kulit pisang menjadi barang bernilai ekonomis.  Kegiatan tersebut turut mendukung program pemeriantah desa bebas sampah dan bela beli Kulonprogo. Produk yang dihasilkan berupa sabun souvenir. Metode pelaksanaan pengabdian meliputi observasi awal, sosialisasi kegiatan, penyuluhan bahaya minyak jelantah bagi tubuh dan lingkungan, pelatihan pengolahan limbah minyak jelantah dan limbah kulit pisang  menjadi sabun souvenir, pelatihan kemasan produk, pelatihan pemasaran produk. Output kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat terciptanya strategi pemsaran yang kompetetif. Meningkatkan keterampilan dan peningkatan pendapatan masyarakat.
Pengembangan Masyarakat Mandiri melalui Pelatihan Kerajinan Tangan dan Budidaya Tanaman Sayuran di Kampung Silongong
Authors: Wibowo Adityo Ari , Nurpadilah Hanapia , Arifudin Moh. , Karim Siti Amaliah , Azmi Tasya Nabila Nur
Published: December 2018

Program Pengabdian Masyarakat (PKM) yang dilaksanakan di Kampung Silongong, Koleang,bertujuan supaya masyarakat sebagai pihak PKM memiliki keterampilan khusus yang memilikinilai ekonomis agar masyarakat lebih mandiri. Hal ini didasarkan pada permasalahan yangditemukan berkaitan dengan penyusunan laporan akhir kegiatan PKM. Permasalahan yangditemukan, antara lain: 1) Tingkat wirausahawan di Kampung Silongong masih cukup rendah;2) Permasalahan sosial yang disebabkan karena faktor geografis. Solusi yang ditawarkan ialah:1) Memberikan penyuluhan dan pelatihan kerajinan tangan pembuatan pom-pom dan bros untukanak-anak sekolah menengah atas di SMK Ar-Rahman; 2) Memberikan penyuluhan, pelatihan,dan bantuan fisik berupa bibit penanaman tanaman sayuran sebanyak 180 tanaman dengan metodepolybag yang terdiri dari tanaman sayuran cabe, kangkung, bayam dan seledri; 3) Memberikanpelatihan, penyuluhan dan memberikan bantuan fisik, ikut serta dan aktif menjadi panitia dalamberbagai kegiatan di Kampung Silongong serta melaksanakan program belajar mengajar bagianak-anak. Hasil dari kegiatan PKM ini diharapkan dapat memajukan dan mensejahterakanKampung Silongong, untuk menuju Kampung Silongong yang lebih baik.
Analysis of practical experience in the formation of complex scientific and technical projects
Authors: Zinov V. G. , Shurtakov K. V. , Komarov A. V.
Published: December 2018

The first experience of implementation of applied scientific and technical projects, which are an integral part of complex scientific and technical projects (kntp), is Considered. It is shown that the main risk in the implementation of kntp as a full life cycle projects in the Russian Federation is associated with the lack of justification of all subsequent planned works with the use of methods and tools of project management. Recommendations were made to improve the tender documentation in the selection of applied research projects and experimental developments that are part of the kntp, as well as procedural issues of the organization of such competitions to improve the effectiveness of joint (through subsidies from the state budget and own funds of industrial companies) financing of development. A new approach to the examination of applications for subsidies for applied research, involving the use of a significantly greater number of criteria related to the participation of beneficiary companies in the projects of the planned results.
KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS POHON PADA TIPE EKOSISTEM HUTAN HUJAN TROPIS DATARAN RENDAH DI HUTAN KAMPUS UNIVERSITAS JAMBI MENDALO
Authors: Tamin Rike Puspitasari , Anggraini Riana Anggraini
Published: December 2018

Hutan kampus Universitas Jambi Mendalo merupakan salah satu hutan alam sekunder tua yang merupakan perwakilan tipe ekosistem hutan hujan tropis dataran rendah (Lowland Tropical Rain Forest) yang memiliki keanekaragaman hayati cukup tinggi. Hingga saat ini data keanekaragaman jenis pohon di Hutan Kampus Universitas Jambi Mendalo masih belum tersedia secara lengkap. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis pohon yang tumbuh di Hutan Kampus Universitas Jambi Mendalo dengan tahapan suksesi berupa hutan alam sekunder tua pada tipe ekosistem Hutan Hujan Tropis Dataran Rendah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Hutan Kampus Universitas Jambi Mendalo, Desa Mendalo Darat, kecamatan Jambi Luar Kota, Kabupaten Muaro Jambi. Inventarisasi menggunakan teknik eksplorasi dengan intensitas sampling 100% (sensus), dengan  mengambil sampel vegetatif (daun, dan ranting) dan bila ditemukan diambil pula sampel generatif (buah dan Biji) dari setiap jenis pohon yang dijumpai untuk selanjutnya dibuat menjadi sampel herbarium yang akan dikirim ke Herbarium Bogoriense Bogor. Hasil dari penelitian, didapat 105 spesies pohon berdiameter di atas 10 cm yang tergolong pada 56 genus dan 35 famili meliputi beberapa famili bernilai ekonomi dan konservasi tinggi yaitu : Dipterocarpaceae (Shorea sp., Hopea mengarawan), Lauraceae (Litsea sp., Alseodaphne sp.) ,dan Thymeleaceae (Aquillaria malaccensis).
Komunitas Tumbuhan Pada Habitat Kantong Semar (nepenthes spp.) di Tahura Sekitar Tanjung Pasca Kebakaran Hutan
Authors: Tamin Rike Puspitasari , Ulfa Maria , Saleh Zuhratus
Published: December 2018

Kebakaran merupakan salah satu penyebab kerusakan hutan rawa gambut di Indonesia. Kerusakan yang berlangsung selama kebakaran hutan bersifat eksplosif dan dalam waktu relatif cepat dan areal yang luas. Padahal daerah gambut merupakan habitat berbagai flora yang dilindungi. Salah satu flora yang dilindungi yang mempunyai habitat di daerah lahan gambut adalah kantong semar (Nepenthes spp.). Kantong semar (Nepenthes spp.) termasuk tanaman yang dilindungi berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah No. 7/1999 tentang Pengawetan Jenis Tumbuhan dan Satwa. Tahura sekitar tanjung/Orang kayo hitam merupakan wilayah Tahura yang sebagian besarnya merupakan lahan gambut. Kondisi terkini lahan gambut Tahura Sekitar Tanjung yang merupakan habitat dari beberapa jenis Nepenthes pasca kebakaran hutan 2015 masih terus diteliti. Sebagai tumbuhan yang dilindungi, maka perhatian terhadap kantong semar mesti terus dilakukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat vegetasi tumbuhan yang ada di sekitar habitat kantong semar pasca kebakaran hutan 2015. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan 1 jenis kantong semar yaitu Nepenthes mirabilis. Selanjutnya terdapat 6 jenis tumbuhan yang hidup pada sekitar habitat N.mirabilis di Tahura sekitar tanjung/orang kayo hitam. Jenis yang paling dominan adalah Stenochlaena palustris dan Combretocarpus rotundatus.