bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
National Analysis of Recent Trends in Organ Donation and Transplantation in the United States: Toward Optimizing Care Delivery and Patient Outcomes
Authors: Spardy Jeffrey , Concepcion Jennifer , Yeager Matthew , Andrade Ryan , Braun Hillary , Elkbuli Adel
Published: November 2022

Introduction

In 2021, over 100 000 people were awaiting solid organ transplantation, yet only 44 634 transplants were performed. The aim of this study is to evaluate trends in donor availability, waitlist additions, and transplants performed in the United States from 2001 to 2021.

Methods

This was a retrospective analysis to evaluate trends in donor availability, waitlist additions, and solid organ transplants for the 4 most common organs requiring transplants (kidney, liver, heart, and lung) between 2001 and 2021 according to OPTN data.

Results

Between 2001 and 2021, the overall number of transplants performed, donors available, and waitlist additions increased by 71%, 61%, and 54%, respectively. The number of kidney transplant waitlist additions significantly increased compared to other organs ( P < .001). For each kidney transplant performed, there was a 2.25 increase in waitlist additions throughout the study period ( P < .001). For each liver and heart transplant performed, there was a .92 and .80 increase in waitlist additions, respectively ( P < .001). Lung transplants increased the most by 138% and there was an increase in waitlist additions for every transplant by 1.0 ( P < .001).

Conclusion

There was an absolute increase in the annual number of transplants, donor recruitment, and patients added to the waitlist between 2001 and 2021. Kidney transplant waitlist additions are increasing at a rate outpacing the rates of donor recruitment and transplantation.
Book review: David N. Gellner and Sondra L. Hausner, eds. 2018. Global Nepalis: Religion, Culture, and Community in a New and Old Diaspora
Authors: Karki Dikshya
Published: November 2022

David N. Gellner and Sondra L. Hausner, eds. 2018. Global Nepalis: Religion, Culture, and Community in a New and Old Diaspora. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. 540 pp. Maps, tables, figures, references, index. £51 (hardback)
Book review: Ranjita Dawn. 2021. The Social Model of Disability in India: Politics of Identity and Power
Authors: Bozkurt Ozancan
Published: November 2022

Ranjita Dawn. 2021. The Social Model of Disability in India: Politics of Identity and Power. New York: Routledge. xvi + 199 pp. Notes, references, index. $53.35 (eBook)
Perceived Changes in Leadership Behavior during Formal Leadership Education
Authors: Sørensen Peter , Hansen Morten Balle , Villadsen Anders Ryom
Published: November 2022

The aim of this study is to research how leaders’ subordinates, peers, and superiors perceive changes in leadership behavior (measured as task, relation, and change orientations) when leaders in their organization participate in formal leadership education. This question is addressed in a longitudinal 3-year study. This article uses data from a panel of respondents ( n = 860–897) from four Danish municipalities. Descriptive statistics and leader fixed effects indicate that formal leadership education has a substantial short-term perceived impact on leadership behavior. The most robust finding in the study are the statistically significant correlations between the perception of leadership behavior and the perceiver’s hierarchical position. The study shows significant differences between subordinates, peers, and superiors in their perceptions of the development of leadership behavior over time. Subordinates rate change in leadership behavior as significantly lower than do peers and superiors.
The Forgotten Governments: Exploring Midwestern Township Capacities and Functional Service Responsibilities
Authors: Jong Jaehee , Goodman Christopher B. , Deslatte Aaron , Crabtree Jerry , Thurmaier Kurt
Published: November 2022

This field note provides both a foundation for discussion about the role of townships in local governance and empirical evidence of their unique and embedded role. Drawing on a survey administered to Illinois township supervisors, administrators, and assessors, it presents baseline indicators about the range of township services, managerial practices, assessment, and collaboration for services to better illuminate current services, capacities, and challenges. A greater understanding of the complexity of delivering township services can guide policymakers in their deliberations about the future of township governments and provide research propositions for investigating township governments in the United States.
COVID associated pulmonary mucormycosis: Outcomes of surgical therapy
Authors: Pulle Mohan Venkatesh , Bishnoi Sukhram , Asaf Belal Bin , Puri Harsh Vardhan , Deshwal Vikas , Kumar Arvind
Published: November 2022

Objectives

This study aims at reporting the surgical outcomes of COVID associated pulmonary mucormycosis with special emphasis on surgical mortality.

Methods

This prospective observational study was conducted in a dedicated thoracic surgical unit in Gurugram, India over 18 months. An analysis of demography, peri-operative variables were carried out. Various parameters were analysed to assess the factors affecting mortality.

Results

Total of 44 patients with diagnosis of CAPM were managed during the study period. All were started on anti-fungal therapy. However, 33 patients (75%) were operated whereas rest 11 (25%) were not considered suitable for surgery. In the surgical cohort ( n  =  33), there were 20 males (60.6%) and 13 females (39.4%), with a mean age of 54.8 years (range, 33–72 years). The mean duration of the symptoms was 1.1 weeks. Non-anatomical wedge resection of lobe(s) was performed in 5 patients (15.1%), lobectomy/bi-lobectomy was required in 26 patients (78.9%) and left pneumonectomy in 2 patients (6%). There were 5 peri-operative deaths (15.1%), all due to fungal sepsis. ECOG scale > 2 ( P  ≤  0.001), higher Charlson Comorbidity Index score > 2 ( P  =  0.04) and pneumonectomy ( P  =  0.02) were the predictors of mortality. On comparison with NCPM, there was no difference in the incidence of post-operative complications ( P  =  0.50) and the post-operative mortality ( P  =  0.69).

Conclusion

Aggressive surgical resection with clear margins should be offered in CAPM, whenever feasible. Surgery for CAPM was not associated with higher post-operative complications including mortality compared to Non-COVID Pulmonary Mucormycosis.
Wearable technologies for monitoring aquatic exercises: A systematic review
Authors: Monoli Cecilia , Tuhtan Jeffrey A , Piccinini Luigi , Galli Manuela
Published: November 2022

Objective

To review methods for aquatic exercise monitoring using wearables.

Data sources

Database search of PubMed, IEEEXplore, Scopus and Web of Science based on keywords, considering articles from the year 2000. The last search was performed on 26 October 2022.

Review methods

Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol, eligible articles on water exercises were selected and summarized. Further screening process concentrated on studies exploiting wearable devices, organized according to demographics, purpose, protocols, outcomes and methods. A custom critical appraisal questionnaire was applied.

Results

Out of the 1062 articles identified, 572 were considered eligible and subjected to preliminary synthesis. The final review focused on 27 articles featuring wearable devices applied to aquatic exercises. Four studies were disregarded as they applied wearable devices to determine daily physical activity or for sleep monitoring after training. Summary tables of 23 studies exploiting wearable devices for underwater motion analysis are provided, specifying the investigated parameters, major outcomes and study quality. This review identified four research gaps: (a) the absence of clinical protocols for underwater motion studies, (b) a deficit of whole-body studies, (c) the lack of longitudinal studies monitored via wearable devices and (d) the reliance of underwater studies on measurement and assessment methods developed for land-based investigations.

Conclusions

This review emphasizes the need for both technological and methodological improvements for underwater motion analysis studies using wearables. We advocate for longitudinal clinical investigations with wearables to substantiate water exercise as an addition or replacement for land-based physical activity.
Computer-aided detection improves brain metastasis identification on non-enhanced CT in less experienced radiologists
Authors: Kato Shimpei , Amemiya Shiori , Takao Hidemasa , Yamashita Hiroshi , Sakamoto Naoya , Miki Soichiro , Watanabe Yusuke , Suzuki Fumio , Fujimoto Kotaro , Mizuki Masumi , Abe Osamu
Published: November 2022

Background

Brain metastases (BMs) are the most common intracranial tumors causing neurological complications associated with significant morbidity and mortality.

Purpose

To evaluate the effect of computer-aided detection (CAD) on the performance of observers in detecting BMs on non-enhanced computed tomography (NECT).

Material and Methods

Three less experienced and three experienced radiologists interpreted 30 NECT scans with 89 BMs in 25 cases to detect BMs with and without the assistance of CAD. The observers’ sensitivity, number of false positives (FPs), positive predictive value (PPV), and reading time with and without CAD were compared using paired t-tests. The sensitivity of CAD and the observers were compared using a one-sample t-test

Results

With CAD, less experienced radiologists’ sensitivity significantly increased from 27.7% ± 4.6% to 32.6% ± 4.8% ( P = 0.007), while the experienced radiologists’ sensitivity did not show a significant difference (from 33.3% ± 3.5% to 31.9% ± 3.7%; P = 0.54). There was no significant difference between conditions with CAD and without CAD for FPs (less experienced radiologists: 23.0 ± 10.4 and 25.0 ± 9.3; P = 0.32; experienced radiologists: 18.3 ± 7.4 and 17.3 ± 6.7; P = 0.76) and PPVs (less experienced radiologists: 57.9% ± 8.3% and 50.9% ± 7.0%; P = 0.14; experienced radiologists: 61.8% ± 12.7% and 64.0% ± 12.1%; P = 0.69). There were no significant differences in reading time with and without CAD (85.0 ± 45.6 s and 73.7 ± 36.7 s; P = 0.09). The sensitivity of CAD was 47.2% (with a PPV of 8.9%), which was significantly higher than that of any radiologist ( P < 0.001).

Conclusion

CAD improved BM detection sensitivity on NECT without increasing FPs or reading time among less experienced radiologists, but this was not the case among experienced radiologists.
Staying afloat? Using a reflective cycle approach to examine the effects of crisis on the business resilience of SMEs during COVID-19
Authors: Zakaria Norhayati , Sehgal Ritu , Watson Alastair , Kamarudin Khairul Anuar
Published: November 2022

This study seeks to explore the effects of the COVID-19 crisis on the business resilience of SMEs in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) as an emerging economy, and specifically in Dubai, a thriving global business hub. Our objective is to examine the challenges experienced by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in this region and how business leaders respond to the unprecedented crisis to stay afloat. We obtained rich descriptions from 26 respondents comprising SME owners and managers, using semi-structured interviews and a reflective process model to discern different aspects of business volatility, leadership roles, and financial management. All respondents endured the crisis periods by implementing numerous changes and initiatives to explore new norms of working, uncharted business territories, fulfill current projects, and develop innovative solutions and diversification in their businesses. Many have turned challenges into opportunities, progressing successfully through the three challenging periods of crisis using diverse approaches to stay resilient. The paper concludes with a discussion of theoretical and practical implications and future research directions.
Employee mobility networks and status transfer in U.S big law
Authors: Kim Yeongsu (Anthony) , Paik Anthony , See Eugene
Published: November 2022

Firms in organizational fields frequently hire and lose employees to competing firms. What is the impact of employee mobility on the status of organizations within a field? Unfortunately, empirical evidence is lacking about how hiring professionals from high or low-status actors, especially status that is obtained through third-party evaluation, impact the focal firm’s status. This research examines employee mobility across the largest law firms in the United States from 2010 to 2016 and employs fixed effects modeling to estimate associations among the status of firms from which partners were hired, network centrality, and the organizational status of hiring firms. Results showed that firms’ status increased when they hired, on average, from high-status firms, and that this association was stronger amongst more centrally located firms. Namely, we found that although the impact of sending firms’ status has a significant impact on the focal firms’ status, such an effect depends on network centrality of the sending firm. These results support the notion of status portability as well as the importance of the firm’s network position for status enhancement.
Simply ‘Yes’. Response to Stuart Stevenson: ‘The impact of homophobic trauma on gay men’
Authors: Bacha Claire
Published: November 2022

Stuart Stevenson has vividly described the way in which being left alone with homosexuality in a homophobic world as a child creates a specific and lasting trauma. Stevenson captured a specific kind of trauma. However, group responses to his generous insights show that something important also happens to recipients of his insights. In groups, people listening want to identify with him and to join him to a point of drowning him out. These acts of joining, ‘me too’, ‘yes, butting’ and ‘whataboutery’ show that it is deeply uncomfortable to hear someone else’s painful experiences, take them in and not respond immediately. A group discussion at the Group Analysis North Barbara Dick Lecture where Stevenson presented his paper came to the clear conclusion that the best response to hearing painful experiences is simply ‘Yes’. Simply listening to the story of the ‘other’ opens up a painful place that is also enriching and empowering. This is the nature of intersectionality.
Can we “Claim” the Workforce? A Labor-Focused Agenda for Economic Development in the Face of an Uncertain Future
Authors: Chapple Karen , Schmahmann Laura
Published: November 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated three trends that were already transforming economic development theory and practice. A backlash to economic restructuring and inequality, driven by globalization and technology, is now manifesting in reshoring and union movements. The resurgence of small and midsized cities, originally driven by increasing housing costs in coastal cities, has been reinforced by a rise in remote work. The uncertainty of today's complex economy is exacerbating long-term challenges of tracking economic change, making “shoot anything that flies” more important than ever. These trends highlight the need to focus economic development on building and supporting the workforce.
CFD-PBM simulation of PET and supercritical CO2 microcellular foaming
Authors: Fang Haifeng , Rong Zheng , Liu Rui , Sun Hanlin , Wang Zhen
Published: November 2022

By loading Cross model and Oldroyd-B model with User-defined Function (UDF) program, a method to simulate the extrusion flow of viscoelastic non-Newtonian fluid in Fluent software was proposed. In the homogeneous solution of Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and supercritical CO2, the microscopic bubble growth kinetics model was coupled with the Population Balance Module (PBM), analysis effect of shear rate on bubble nucleation and growth, numerically simulated of the nucleation and growth of bubbles in the extrusion die of PET microcellular foam sheet. Through analysis, the bubble size distribution is more uniform under the condition of 60° template convergence angle. The larger the extrusion speed, the wider the uniform distribution range of bubble density at the outlet position. The initial concentration of CO2 has the greatest impact on the bubble density. Increasing the initial concentration of CO2 can improve the bubble density, but appropriately reducing the initial concentration of CO2 can improve the effective distribution range of bubble density of foam sheet.
Grinding marks suppression strategy based on adjusting grinding traces distribution
Authors: Chen Bing , Luo Liang , Li Shunshun , Yi Jun , Deng Zhaohui , Yao Honghui
Published: November 2022

For the grinding marks phenomenon formed in cross grinding of plane, spherical and aspheric optical elements would reduce the surface quality, surface strength and optical performance of workpiece, which would increase subsequent polishing time and wastage of polishing resources, the suppression strategies of grinding marks based on adjusting grinding traces distribution simulation was investigated. According to the distribution equations of grinding traces and the scallop height, the possibility of two grinding marks suppression strategies was discussed, one of strategy was based on matching grinding parameters and the other one was on grinding traces superposition without depth of cut. Based on the two strategies, the grinding verification experiments were carried out. The results showed that the grinding marks were suppressed by the matching parameters strategy, which cracks and deep grinding traces were less, surface roughness and its homogeneity were better, surface waviness was smaller when ground by matching parameters with the phase shift of 0.618. Besides, when grinding traces superposition strategies were used to process experiments, the morphology and surface roughness did not change much, but all homogeneity of surface roughness were fine with the increasing of superposition times. Moreover, the surface waviness significantly decreased from 90 to 30 nm after 3 superposition times, the grinding marks were also suppressed by the grinding traces superposition without depth of cut. This research would provide references and ideas for grinding aspherical surface with high surface quality and efficiency, and low energy.
A Voronoi diagram based framework for fast and accurate evaluation of 2D free-form profile errors
Authors: S Hari Ganesh , Samuel GL
Published: November 2022

Free-form objects which have vast engineering applications are inspected using coordinate measuring machines (CMM) and non-contact scanners. The output from the devices, that is the measured point-set, must be registered with the reference profile and later inspected for the profile error. Registration is accomplished in two phases, that is coarse registration and fine registration. The most crucial step in the fine-registration stage is the profile error estimation at each point of the measured point-set. Generally, this is accomplished using the point-inversion method, which has relatively high time complexity. This work proposes a two-stage framework based on the Voronoi diagram concept for profile error estimation of 2D free-form profiles. A discretized profile is prepared for the measurement process in the first stage. The profile errors are estimated from the measured point-set using the discretized profile in the second stage. Two profile error estimation technique has been proposed based on Voronoi vertices and the Voronoi edges. The effective time-complexity of the proposed framework is O(lm log n). Implementations were executed on simulated NURBS profiles and practically measured CT-scanner data of two machined airfoils modelled as NURBS profiles. The validation results illustrate that the proposed framework’s accuracy is on par with that of the point-inversion method and is at least 56% faster than the latter; thus making it a fast and accurate alternative for CMM (operated in continuous scanning mode), CNC machine-based (in-situ) and vision-based 2D profile inspection.
Assessment of laser cutting parameters and heat-affected zone on microstructure and fatigue behaviour of carbon fibre-reinforced epoxy
Authors: Mrzljak Selim , Gerdes Lars , Keuntje Jan , Wippo Verena , Jaeschke Peter , Walther Frank
Published: November 2022

In this study, the effects of laser cutting on the fatigue properties of carbon fibre-reinforced polymers are investigated. For this purpose, unidirectional carbon fibre-reinforced epoxy laminate is cut by laser. The material to be cut evaporates directly in the laser beam and the laser beam can produce thermally induced damage, which is referred to as heat-affected zones. Specimens are cut with two different parameters (varying cutting velocity and break time between passes) to widths up to 15 mm for investigation of the heat-affected zones effects on fatigue behaviour. Prior to fatigue tests microstructure is evaluated using light and scanning electron microscopy with regard to cutting geometry and heat-affected zones. Fatigue tests are performed using multiple amplitude tests with a stress ratio of 0.1, instrumented with a video extensometer system and thermocouples for strain and temperature measurements to determine the influence on mechanical properties and evaluate the sensitivity of the used testing method and measurement instrumentation for this use case. Lower cutting velocities and break time passes lead to a larger edge angle and thus in different specimen widths on front (laser inlet) and bottom (laser outlet) of the carbon fibre-reinforced epoxy laminate. Therefore, the resulting true geometry was considered using statistical approaches to eliminate possible cross-sectional errors regarding mechanical stress application. The results show that the specimen widths and process parameters impact the fatigue properties, highlighting the importance of knowledge about heat induction and the detection of inflicted laminate damage.
Accuracy of FIB-4 and APRI scores compared to transient elastography for liver fibrosis in patients with HIV and HBV co-infection
Authors: Yang Rongrong , Gui Xien , Ke Hengning , Yu Xingxia , Yan Yajun , Xiong Yong
Published: November 2022

Background

Due to economic shortages and concern about occupational exposure to HIV, liver biopsy and transient elastography (TE) are rarely available in patients with HIV/HBV co-infection in China, where HIV/HBV co-infection is prevalent.

Methods

The accuracy of FIB-4 and APRI for predicting liver fibrosis was compared with TE results in a series of 460 HIV/HBV co-infected patients.

Results

FIB-4 and APRI scores were strongly correlated to liver stiffness measurement scores by TE, and the correlation index was 81.4–96.3. An FIB-4 index >1.5 had a positive predictive value of 95.2% to consider fibrosis with a sensitivity of 85.7%. An APRI index >0.5 had a positive predictive value of 98.2% to consider fibrosis with a sensitivity of 76.0%. A FIB-4 value <1.5 or APRI <0.5 were concordant with TE results to exclude fibrosis in 94.4% and 96.8%, respectively. A FIB-4 value >1.5 or APRI >0.5 were concordant with fibrosis diagnosed by TE in 77.6–89.4% and 70.7–80.9%, respectively.

Conclusions

In areas with limited resources, FIB-4 and APRI indexes were accurate, simple and inexpensive methods for assessing liver fibrosis in patients with HIV/HBV co-infection.
PrEP use and stigma among a sample of older adults in Columbus, Ohio
Authors: Morgan Ethan , Dyar Christina , Feinstein Brian A , Ricks JaNelle
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Despite older adults (age ≥50 years) continuing to account for 1 in 6 new HIV diagnoses, the majority of research has focused on young adults. Assessing PrEP use and stigma among this understudied population is key to achieving the U.S.’s goals of Ending the HIV Epidemic, a federal initiative focusing on reducing new HIV infections by at least 90% by 2030.

Methods

Data for this analysis came from the Columbus Health Aging Project ( N = 794). This study was designed to assess several domains of health among adults aged 50 years and older in Columbus, Ohio. Multiple logistic and linear regression models were used to examine the associations between sociodemographic factors and past 6-month PrEP use, PrEP stigma, and concurrent use of PrEP and other prevention methods, adjusting for known confounders.

Results

Overall, 93 (11.7%) participants reported past 6-month PrEP use. Transgender women (aOR = 6.90; 95% CI: 2.19, 21.72), cisgender gay men (aOR = 5.58; 95% CI: 2.49, 12.50), cisgender lesbians (aOR = 2.24; 95% CI: 1.05, 4.80), and those living with family members or roommates (aOR = 6.59; 95% CI: 3.49, 12.45) were each more likely to report past 6-month PrEP use relative to cisgender women, heterosexuals, and those living with a spouse/partner, respectively. Relative to cisgender women, PrEP-related stigma was lower among transgender women (β = −5.05; 95% CI: −8.44, −1.66) and higher among cisgender men (β = 1.96; 95% CI: 0.46, 3.46).

Conclusion

Future research should aim to continue developing a firm understanding of PrEP use and stigma among older adults to reduce HIV risk among this population and to understand unique needs of sub-populations of older adults.
Cryptococcal antigenemia in people living with HIV and AIDS
Authors: Ahuja Jatin , Soneja Manish , Wig Naveet , Biswas Ashutosh , Xess Immaculata , Singh Gagandeep , Vibha Deepti , Nischal Neeraj
Published: November 2022

Aim

To assess the prevalence of cryptococcal antigenemia among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) with CD4 ≤100/mm3

Design

This observational study was performed on PLHA with laboratory-confirmed CD4 ≤100/mm3. All PLHA were recruited irrespective of their duration of HIV diagnosis, antiretroviral therapy (ART) naïve, or ART failure.

Methods

The prevalence of cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) was assessed in 102 PLHA, with CD4 ≤100/mm3, using a latex agglutination test on serum samples. All the subjects were followed up for 3 months.

Results

Amongst 102 PLHA, 62 (60.8%) and 40 (39.2%) patients were ART-naïve and ART failures, respectively, with 2.9% ( n = 3) having clinical features of meningitis and 6.8% ( n = 7) patients being asymptomatic CrAg-positive. At the 3 month follow-up, total mortality was 10.8%, of which 33.3% and 8.8% were among CrAg-positive and negative patients ( p = 0.05). Mortality in asymptomatic and meningitis symptomatic CrAg-positive patients was 1.03% ( n = 1) and 2.06% ( n = 2), respectively. Of note, five patients were lost to follow-up.

Conclusion

Cryptococcal antigenemia is common among patients with CD4 ≤100/mm3 who were either ART naïve or had treatment failure. Asymptomatic patients who underwent pre-emptive therapy demonstrated good clinical outcomes.
Entrepreneurship and Culture: What Determines the Differences Within Switzerland?
Authors: Kaasa Anneli , Baldegger Rico
Published: November 2022

This article aims to investigate the differences in entrepreneurship activity and entrepreneurship-related perceptions and intentions within Switzerland and to shed light on the explanations of those differences through a cultural context. Two possible divisions within the country that complement each other are used: the administrative division into seven NUTS2 regions and the division into language regions (German, French and Italian). The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor is used for entrepreneurship-related data and the European Social Survey for measuring societal values. The findings of this article show that higher perceptions about the possibilities to be successful in entrepreneurship or higher entrepreneurial intentions do not automatically lead to entrepreneurship. The analysis of societal values both across language regions and across NUTS2 regions in Switzerland shows that it is the pattern that matters, not the single values, and sometimes the combination of societal values and educational background determines entrepreneurship activity. Comparing the patterns and correlations across three language regions and across seven NUTS2 administrative regions in Switzerland shows that pronounced differences can be found across language regions. In a country with a high economic and human development level like Switzerland, most of the entrepreneurship is opportunity-driven and not necessity-driven.
The Examination of the Relationship between Work-nonwork Boundary and Work Performance using SEM
Authors: Zamil Ahmad , Naushad Mohammad , Sulphey M. M.
Published: November 2022

The current unique business scenario has brought in the increased overlap between work and nonwork boundaries. This situation has prompted psychologists and social scientists to focus on how the work and nonwork boundaries (WNWB) is constructed and sustained. The purpose of the study is to examine the relationship between how Boundary strengths at home (BSH) and work (BSW) influence performance among academicians using structural equation modeling (SEM).The sample for the study was selected from among full-time university educators from Jordan. Data was collected from 161 full-time faculty from Jordan using the convenience sampling method. Then, using R, SEM was performed on the collected data to test the tenability of the formulated hypotheses. Results suggest that boundary strength at work and home, and overall work-nonwork boundary had a significant positive relationship with the work performance of faculty. The findings are significant and are an addition to the literature on boundary studies.
Varieties of state capital: What does foreign state-led investment do in a globalized world?
Authors: Babic Milan , Dixon Adam D. , Fichtner Jan
Published: November 2022

Existing studies have scrutinized the rise of states as global owners and investors, yet we still lack a good understanding of what state investment does in a globalized economy, especially in host states. Comparative capitalisms research has analyzed foreign state investment as a potential source of patient capital for coordinated and mixed-market economies. However, this patient capital framework cannot explain the recent surge of protectionist sentiments, even among the “good hosts” of state-led investment. Therefore, we go beyond the patient capital argument and develop a novel framework centered on the globalized nature of foreign state investment. We create and empirically illustrate a novel typology based on different modes of cross-border state investment—from financial to strategic—and different categories of host states. Our results provide a new pathway to study the rise and effects of cross-border state investment in the 21st century.
A series of heterogeneous lymphoproliferative diseases with CD3 and MUM1 co-expressed in cats and dogs
Authors: Hughes Kelly L. , Rout Emily D. , Avery Paul R. , Pavuk Alana A. , Avery Anne C. , Moore A Russell
Published: November 2022

Lymphoma diagnosis in dogs and cats is continually evolving as new subtypes and human correlates are being recognized. In humans, T-cell lymphomas with MUM1 expressed and plasma cell neoplasia or B-cell lymphomas with CD3 expressed aberrantly are reported only rarely. We report here a case series of tumors in dogs and cats with CD3 and MUM1 co-expressed as determined by immunocytochemistry or immunohistochemistry. Lineage was assigned for these tumors by 3 board-certified pathologists and a veterinary immunologist based on review of clinical and cellular features and the results of ancillary testing including PCR for antigen receptor rearrangements, flow cytometry, and serum protein electrophoresis with immunofixation. In cats, 7 of 7 tumors, and in dogs, 3 of 6 tumors with CD3 and MUM1 co-expressed had clonal rearrangement of the immunoglobulin gene or serum monoclonal immunoglobulin, consistent with a diagnosis of a plasma cell neoplasia or myeloma-related disorder with CD3 expressed aberrantly. Disease was often disseminated; notably, 3 of 7 feline cases had cutaneous and/or subcutaneous involvement in the tarsal area. In dogs, 3 of 6 cases had a clonal T-cell receptor gamma result and no clonal immunoglobulin gene rearrangement and were diagnosed as a T-cell tumor with MUM1 expressed. The use of multiple testing modalities in our series of tumors with plasma-cell and T-cell antigens in dogs and cats aided in the comprehensive identification of the lymphoproliferative disease subtype.
Multi-scale entropy based damage detection for thermal protection structures with variation of ambient temperature
Authors: Qian Huimin , Zhang Chao , Tao Chongcong , Zhang Yupeng , Ji Hongli , Qiu Jinhao
Published: November 2022

The thermal protection structures of supersonic vehicles are vulnerable to damage in the extreme environment of high temperature. With advantages of the large propagation range and high sensitivity to damage, guided waves show great potential for structural health monitoring. However, guided waves are susceptible to ambient temperature change, resulting in low reliability of damage detection results. Therefore, this paper proposed a multi-scale entropy feature extraction method for structural damage detection. Firstly, to eliminate the influence of multi-mode guided waves, a sliding window was used to extract the wave packet of different signals to analyze disturbance caused by damage and temperature. Then, an ant colony optimization algorithm was introduced as a feature fusion method to improve the classification performance. To evaluate the performance of features selected by the ant colony optimization algorithm, K-means clustering algorithm, and silhouette coefficients were utilized to calculate the evaluation function and represent the characteristics of damage. Finally, a set of guided wave signals from 20°C to 40°C were obtained to investigate the influence of temperature variation on the damage feature extraction. The results show that the multi-scale entropy method based on the sliding window can effectively extract damage features in the condition of temperature change.
Practice of Supporting Family Caregivers of Patients with Life-Threatening Diseases: A Two-phase Study Among Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Hoffstädt Hinke E. , Boogaard Jannie A. , Tam Marcella C. , van Bodegom-Vos Leti , Stoppelenburg Arianne , Hartog Iris D. , van der Linden Yvette M. , van der Steen Jenny T.
Published: November 2022

Background: Although support for family caregivers is an essential component of palliative care, routine provision of such support is often lacking. To improve support for family caregivers, we assessed current practice and influencing factors as perceived by healthcare professionals. Methods: A two-phase study was conducted including a survey exploring healthcare professionals’ practice of supporting family caregivers in Western urbanized Netherlands in 2017, and focus groups exploring facilitators and barriers to supporting family caregivers in 2018. Focus group data were thematically analyzed with deductive coding based on the COM-B system. Results: Of the 379 survey respondents (response 11%), 374 were eligible (physicians, 28%; nurses, 64%; nurse assistants, 9%). The respondents practiced in academic hospitals (52%), general hospitals (31%), nursing homes (11%) and hospices (5%). They reported to always (38%), most of the time (37%), sometimes (21%) or never (5%) provide support to family caregivers during the illness trajectory. Respondents reported to always (28%), sometimes (39%), or never (33%) provide support after death. Four focus group discussions with 22 healthcare professionals elicited motivational facilitators and barriers to supporting family caregivers (e.g., relationship with family caregivers, deriving satisfaction from supporting them), and factors related to capability (e.g., (lacking) conversational skills, knowledge) and opportunity (e.g., (un)availability of protocols and time). Conclusions: Support for family caregivers, especially after the patient’s death, is not systematically integrated in working procedures of healthcare professionals. The barriers and facilitators identified in this study can inform the development of an intervention aiming to enhance support for family caregivers.
Physician Perceptions and Beliefs Regarding End-of-Life Care in a Central California Health System
Authors: Maas David S. , Hughes Susan , Macmillan Patrick J. , Rodriguez Carranza Lidia P. , Nguyen Madeline
Published: November 2022

Objective: We sought to describe the preparedness, beliefs, and experience regarding end-of-life (EOL) care for in-training and attending physicians. We hoped to clarify how medical training impacts views about EOL, and topics where physicians desire more EOL training. Methods: An online anonymous survey was sent to 766 physicians who worked at Community Medical Centers in Fresno, California from October to December 2016. Descriptive statistics of the population were compiled. Chi-squared and Mann-Whitney U tests comparing differences in personal experience, and preparedness and confidence with palliative care topics by training level were performed. Results: 195 physicians responded to the survey (25%). Respondents were 42% in-training, 55% male, 57% Caucasian, and 38% Christian. Compared to attendings those in-training were younger, more often female, and more likely to have a DO degree. The 2 groups did not differ in ethnicity, specialty, or religion. Attendings were more likely than those in-training (46% vs 14%, P < .001) to have an advance directive, reported a higher level of formal training in discussing prognosis ( P = .037), and had higher confidence with palliative care topics like delivering bad news ( P = .002), discussing resuscitation status ( P = .015), and discussing the new California EOL Option Act ( P < .001). Thirty-two percent of respondents believed patients often starve at EOL. Otherwise, knowledge was 90% correct. Conclusions: Physicians in-training are less prepared to discuss EOL topics. Physicians in-training and attendings desire more education in pain management at EOL.
The Social, Emotional, and Cognitive Kinship: Lessons My Students Taught Me
Authors: Smith Kenneth J.
Published: November 2022

For all students, cognitive and social and emotional needs go hand in hand. Teachers of academically advanced students should address these intertwining needs in ways that are sensitive to what is unique about how these students think and feel. Over the years, my students have taught me several lessons about how to do just that. These lessons have prepared me to respond better to students’ perfectionist tendencies and their belief that school should be easy, to keep students engaged, to support the particular learning styles of my female students, and to help students be comfortable with their abilities. In this article, I explain how each of these lessons relates to students’ cognitive, social, and emotional needs and offer suggestions for helping students deal with each issue. In each explanation, I draw heavily on what many of my former students have shared with me.
Self-Directed Challenges: Self-Defined Differentiation
Authors: Kaplan Sandra N.
Published: November 2022

The classroom can become the primary source to introduce students to the processes that promote opportunities for self-differentiation or personal intellectual challenges. A missing component in some differentiated experiences is the need to provide gifted students with opportunities to gain the independence that fosters their abilities to assume the responsibility to challenge themselves. The examples in this column depict a process that can be introduced and practiced in order to develop gifted students’ abilities to comprehend the range of possible options that stimulate self-challenges
Academic women’s voices on gendered divisions of work and care: ‘Working till I drop . . . then dropping’
Authors: Sümer Sevil , Eslen-Ziya Hande
Published: November 2022

Our main goal in this article is to discuss the structural and persistent problems experienced by women academics, especially with respect to the gendered divisions of academic tasks and unequal divisions of care obligations in the domestic sphere. The analysis is based on reflexive thematic analysis of the open-ended questions of an online questionnaire on the academic work environment, work satisfaction, stress, academic duties and allocation of tasks, and thoughts on gender equality. Academics from different countries voice their lived experiences, frustrations as well as worries about their future. We aim to highlight how these issues are embedded in the structures of academic capitalism and argue against the tendency to individualise these issues in a bid to inspire an informed collective resistance.
T cell responses to COVID-19 infection and vaccination in patients with multiple sclerosis receiving disease-modifying therapy
Authors: Reder Anthony T , Stuve Olaf , Tankou Stephanie K , Leist Thomas P
Published: November 2022

Background:

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disorder marked by accumulating immune-mediated damage to the central nervous system. The dysregulated immune system in MS combined with immune effects of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) used in MS treatment could alter responses to infections, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Most of the literature on immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination, in both the general population and patients with MS on DMTs, has focused on humoral immunity. However, immune response to COVID-19 involves multiple lines of defense, including T cells.

Objective and Methods:

We review innate and adaptive immunity to COVID-19 and expand on the role of T cells in mediating protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection and in responses to COVID-19 vaccination in MS.

Results:

Innate, humoral, and T cell immune responses combat COVID-19 and generate protective immunity. Assays detecting cytokine expression by T cells show an association between SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses and milder/asymptomatic COVID-19 and protective immune memory.

Conclusion:

Studies of COVID-19 immunity in people with MS on DMTs should ideally include comprehensive assessment of innate, humoral, and T cell responses.
Atypical psychiatric presentation of relapsing anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis in childhood
Authors: Depreitere Joke , De Meulenaere Jan , Verhelst Helene
Published: November 2022

Anti–N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is an autoimmune encephalitis caused by antibodies (Ab) against the GluN1 subunit of the NMDAR. The disease typically presents with a combination of psychiatric and neurological symptoms. Presentation solely with psychiatric symptoms is rare, especially in childhood. After treatment substantial recovery with mild or no residual symptoms is seen in most cases in both children and adults. Relapse occurs in 10%–25% of patients, with recurrent episodes presenting less severe than initial presentation in most cases. We herein describe a child with a pure psychiatric presentation of anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Diagnosis and treatment was delayed because of the atypical presentation. The child relapsed several times and severe residual psychiatric symptoms persisted after recovery. This case illuminates the need to consider the diagnosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis in both adults and children with an atypical psychiatric presentation. It also demonstrates the need for a multidisciplinary approach and brings attention to the possible severe impact of the disease on long-term psychosocial functioning.
Development and verification of model predictive control strategy for selective catalytic reduction with rapid prototyping
Authors: Xiao Youhong , Zhao Hui , Tan Wenyang
Published: November 2022

The International Maritime Organization has set forth strict regulations about the NOx emission limit of ships to address the pollution problem in the transportation sector. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is the most effective post-engine means to reduce emission, and the control of urea spray critically affects the SCR performance. This paper developed a predictive control strategy of the SCR system based on the state space model. Specifically, the block model of the SCR reactor was established based on the reaction mechanism of the SCR system, and the unknown model parameters were identified. Rapid prototyping of the SCR system was carried out using the dSPACE real-time simulation platform to optimize the control under steady-state conditions. The catalyst ammonia coverage was set as the control target to maximize the NOx conversion rate while maintaining the NH3 escape at the outlet less than 10 ppm. The cyclic test results showed that the control strategy can quickly respond to external disturbance and modify the control target to keep the ammonia coverage rate within the target range, to thus achieve high NOx conversion rate while maintaining the required ammonia escape.
Quantitative fluorescence-based imaging of in-cylinder fuel film thickness at kHz frame rates in a production-type direct-injection spark-ignition engine
Authors: Schöler Jonathan , Wigger Stefan , Kaiser Sebastian A
Published: November 2022

Incomplete evaporation of liquid fuel films inside the combustion chamber is a major source of soot and particulate emissions in internal combustion engines. In this study, quantitative imaging of liquid fuel films on the cylinder wall is performed by laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) in a single cylinder engine with optical access to the cylinder liner. A four-component surrogate fuel mixed with 0.5% anisole as the fluorescent tracer was directly injected in a single injection into the motored engine. Fuel impinging on the cylinder wall is excited at 266 nm at kHz repetition rates and imaged by a high-speed camera coupled with an image intensifier. Simultaneously, lubricating oil doped with 0.01 mmol/l pyrromethene 567 is excited at 532 nm and imaged with a second camera. The fuel film thickness on the cylinder wall is compared for two different injections timings, 285 and 240°CA before top-dead center. The initial fuel film thickness is similar for both, but evaporation occurs faster for the later injection, such that the film thickness is similar at the time the piston rings reach the fuel films. When the rings scrape the fuel off the wall, it accumulates on top of the first piston ring and is partly transported downwards to the second and third ring. In the simultaneous oil image, washout of lubricating oil is seen.
Different Instruments, Same Content? A Systematic Comparison of Child Maltreatment and Harsh Parenting Instruments
Authors: Backhaus Sophia , Leijten Patty , Meinck Franziska , Gardner Frances
Published: November 2022

Child maltreatment and harsh parenting both include harmful actions by parents toward children that are physical (e.g., spanking, slapping) or emotional (e.g., threatening, yelling). The distinction between these two constructs, in meaning and measurement, is often unclear, leading to inconsistent research and policy. This study systematically identified, reviewed, and compared parent-reported child maltreatment ( N = 7) and harsh parenting ( N = 18) instruments. The overlap in parenting behaviors was 73%. All physical behaviors that were measured in harsh parenting instruments (e.g., spanking, beating up) were also measured in child maltreatment instruments. Unique physical behaviors measured in maltreatment instruments include twisting body parts and choking. All emotional behaviors in maltreatment instruments were included in harsh parenting instruments, and vice versa. Our findings suggest similar, but not identical, operationalizations of child maltreatment and harsh parenting. Our findings can help guide discussions on definitions, operationalizations, and their consequences for research on violence against children.