bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maternal health outcomes and associated factors among women who delivered by cesarean section in Public Hospitals of Gamo, Gofa and South Omo zones, Southern Ethiopia: a cross sectional study
Authors: Mehammud Bedria Mohammed , Hassen Feisal Hussein , Tessema Eden Sileshi , Indiris Bilcha Oumer , Yesera Gesila Endashaw , Getenet Agegnehu Bante
Published: September 2023

Background
Cesarean section is the most common major surgical procedure in obstetrics and gynecology in the world. Though advance in cesarean section technique, it still poses higher maternal morbidity and mortality than vaginal delivery. Maternal outcomes consist of information regarding hemorrhage, infections, hysterectomy, uterine rupture, and pronged hospital stay. Thus, The aim of this study was to assess the maternal health outcomes and associated factors among women who delivered by Cesarean Section in public hospitals of Gamo, Gofa and South Omo Zones Southern Ethiopia.
Methods and materials:
An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among 354 women who delivered by cesarean section from March 1 to April 30/2022 at public Hospitals of Gamo, Gofa and South Omo Zones. Participants were selected by simple random sampling method; interview and chart review were used to collect data. Data was collected by Open Data Kit (ODK) and exported in to SPSS Software version 25 for analysis. Both bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions analysis was used to analyze the data. Finally, p-value < 0.05 was used to decree statistically significant association
Results
Overall, 19.5%, 95% CI (15.67% – 23.97%) of participants were ended up with poor maternal outcome in this study. A hematocrit value of < 30% (AOR = 3.17; 95% CI: 1.28, 7.86), referral status AOR = 3.00; 95% CI: 1.36, 6.62), presence of medical illness (AOR = 2.87; 95% CI: 1.20, 6.79), delivered in primary hospitals (AOR = 5.11; 95% CI: 2.28, 11.47), no ANC follow up (AOR = 4.04; 95% CI: 1.42, 11.46)and operated under general anesthesia (AOR = 5.16; 95% CI: 2.03, 12.06) were significantly associated with poor maternal health outcomes.
Conclusion and recommendation:
Magnitude of poor maternal outcome following cesarean section at the study area was high. Applying blood-controlling techniques during and after cesarean birth, as well as adequate non-communicable disease screening, early diagnosis, and management during ANC will improve the outcome for the maternal health.
Mitragyna parvifolia- Effective against hyperglycaemia, proinflammatory markers and liver apoptosis in Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats
Authors: Alqahtani Mohammed S. , Shukla Ashutosh , Harsola Laxmikant , Shaik Baji , Syed Rabbani , Hassan Ahmed M
Published: September 2023

Background
Ethanolic extract of Mitragyna parvifolia leaves were used as a traditionally use in the treatment of diabetic conditions. The aim of the current study was to find out the effect of Mitragyna parvifolia ethanolic leaves extract (MPE) on hyperglycemia developed by streptozotocin (STZ) induced type 2 diabetes in rats.
Materials and Method
An animal model of diabetes type 2 was developed by administration of STZ 90 mg/Kg to two-day old neonatal rat pups. Oral glucose test and parameters were examined of diabetic rat after the different dose of extracts. The rats were exist into following groups:
Group I –Normal control, Group II – STZ diabetic control, Group III –STZ Diabetic –orally administered MPEx at doses of 300 mg/kg, Group IV STZ-Diabetic – orally administered at doses of 500 mg/kg, Our study was confirmed that 8 weeks chronic treatment with MPE in a dose dependent manner (300 and 500 mg/kg) reduced hyperglycemia and significantly increased serum insulin, C-peptide. Histology of liver was performed after sacrificing the rats with euthanasia
Result
The ethanolic extract of MP was not show any acute toxicity up-to the dose of 2000 mg/kg and it was shown better glucose consumption in oral glucose tolerance test. Orally treatment of different doses of MP leaves extract decreased the level of serum glucose, reduce elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin IL-6 in the serum of diabetic rats.
After the study, we found that elevated blood glucose and lipids were bring back to near normal. In addition, MPE also reduce elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin IL-6 in the serum of diabetic rats.
Conclusion
We conclude that MPE exerted antidiabetic effects and reduced its associated complications such as dyslipidemia and inflammation. HE and confocal image of TUNEL assay showed that MPE reduced inflammation and apoptosis in diabetic rats.
Temporal structure of avian dawn chorus along a landscape anthropization gradient
Authors: Godet Laurent , Prampart Abel , Lostanlen Vincent , Nabucet Jean , Aumond Pierre
Published: September 2023

ContextIf an animal community can be similar from a city to its outskirts, its rhythm of activity can be modified by anthropogenic pressures. Passive acoustic monitoring techniques offer the opportunity to assess such changes in birdsong along anthropization gradients.ObjectivesDisentangling the relative influence of anthropogenic pressures, landscape composition and the composition of the bird community on the temporal structure of dawn chorus.MethodsBirdsongs were recorded in France in 36 stations located along an anthropization gradient through passive acoustic devices. The temporal structure of birdsongs was confronted to anthropogenic pressures (artificial lights and traffic noise), landscape composition indices (landscape diversity, areas covered by woodland and buildings) and characteristics of the bird community (abundance, species richness and diversity) around each station.ResultsFor a given species, birds tend to sing earlier and during shorter periods in areas densely built, submitted to high levels of artificial lights, traffic noise, and in areas hosting the lowest conspecific abundances. Highly built and lit areas lead to a community reassembly promoting late singing species and species singing for short periods. Artificial lights and traffic noise promote a higher species temporal turnover and a lower temporal nestedness of the dawn chorus at the community level.ConclusionsIn cities, birds tend to sing earlier, during shorter periods, and the different species sing in a succession rather than in a polyphony. The full bird chorus, gathering almost all the species of a community singing together in the same time seems to have disappeared from the most anthropized areas.
Study on the Moisture Permeability of Warp-knitted Jacquard Shoe Upper Material based on CFD
Authors: Zuo Lujiao , Zhang Qi , Tu Jiani , Nie Meiting
Published: September 2023

Developing warp-knitted Jacquard upper material is a lengthy process, and its performance test is complex. Therefore, predicting fabric performance by providing a method is of utmost importance. For this study, the areas of the shoe upper material that were most prone to wear and allowed greater breathability were taken as test samples. The impact of mesh structure and its distribution on the moisture permeability of shoe upper material was analysed using experiments and numerical simulations. SolidWorks modelling software was used for modelling the samples. Based on the fabric model, the effective structure is trimmed, and the fluid domain is isolated. The Fluent software was utilised to simulate numerically moisture permeability of the fluid domain model, and the measured outcomes were compared with the simulation results. The findings indicated that the simulated structure corresponded to the measured results, and the mesh structure heightened the moisture permeability of the upper material. Then, using the existing model as a basis, the yarn fineness and spacer yarn number of the spacer comb were altered independently to investigate how they influence moisture permeability in shoe upper material. The findings indicate that a decrease in yarn thickness enhances moisture permeability, and a smaller angle of inclination for the spacer yarn promotes water vapour transportation.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of drug therapy for children with tic disorder in China
Authors: Hu Yong , Yang Chunsong , Huang Xi
Published: September 2023

Background
There is lack of economic evaluation of drug treatment for children with tic disorder. The study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of four drug therapies for children with tic disorder in China.
Methods
We used the decision tree model to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of four treatment options for children for tic disorder, including tiapride, clonidine adhesive patch, aripiprazole and tiapride plus clonidine patch. A one-year decision tree model was constructed using effective rate as the outcome, and direct and indirect costs of four treatment options were obtained from published studies. One-way sensitivity analysis and probability sensitivity analysis were applied to test whether the results were robust.
Results
Clonidine adhesive patches cost more than tiapride but were more effective. The cost-effectiveness ratio was 9,315.33 yuan, and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was 13,407,143.696 yuan. At the willingness to pay threshold of 85,698 yuan, patches were not economical. Aripiprazole or tiapride combined with clonidine patches were both inferior treatments. The sensitivity analysis showed that the results were stable.
Conclusions
Tiapride was the most cost-effective therapeutic drug, and clonidine adhesive patches were not economical.
Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy versus Ureteroscopic Laser Lithotripsy in Proximal Ureteric Calculus 10 to 20mm in Size Running head: ESWL vs URS in proximal ureteric calculus 10-20mm
Authors: Pushpanathan Mugialan , Fahmy Omar , LKS Christopher , Khairul-Asri Mohd Ghani
Published: September 2023

To investigate the efficacy of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) and ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy (URS) treatment of upper ureteric stones between 10 to 20 mm in size. From January 2020 to January 2023, 75 patients were treated for proximal ureteric calculus between using ESWL (n = 40) & URS (n = 35). Both groups were compared regarding operative time, success rate and complications who underwent treatment for proximal ureteric calculus of 10–20 mm diameter. URS group was observed to have higher stone-free rate, compared to the ESWL group, 4 (11.4%) vs 20 patients (50.0%) (p < 0.001). However, URS treatment had a higher complication rate compared to the ESWL, 9 (25.7%) vs 3(7.5%) ;( p = 0.032). Procedure time for URS was longer, compared to the ESWL, median &(IQR) for URS vs ESWL were 78.0 (65.0, 100.0) vs 62.0 (48.0, 67.0) mintues; (p < 0.001). We conclude that URS has a better stone-free rate in comparison to a single session of ESWL for upper ureteral calculus of 10-20mm, with higher complication rates such as post-operative fever and pain.
Preliminary investigation of pollutant transport through homogeneous porous media and its application in the evaluation of water quality
Authors: Mayank Muskan , Tiwari Kamal Kant
Published: September 2023

Laboratory experiments are used to investigate the transport behavior of tracer particles such as fluoride through homogeneous porous media. These tracers were preferred as reactive pollutants during the investigation process, since fluorides constitute a significant proportion of water. A three-dimensional rectangular tank filled with porous soil media is part of the laboratory setup. In the lab, preliminary geotechnical estimation will be performed to determine the physical characteristics of the soil media and the chemical estimation of the fluoride tracers using the SPADNS method using a HACH DR 6000 spectrophotometer. The effluent concentration obtained after transporting the tracers through porous media was tested in the laboratory to study the solute breakthrough characteristics. The experimental data of the observed breakthrough curves are simulated using a standard advection dispersion equation, and the proposed model effectively simulates the concentration peaks. The water analysis report was also carried out for the Sanganer Block of Jaipur District (Rajasthan), in which a parametric study is performed at the regional level to examine the water quality standards. According to the WHO recommendations for health and environmental aspects, the fluoride tracer must be kept within the permitted limit of 1.5 ppm. The results obtained show that the concentration of fluorides is above the Sheodaspura region, thus requiring immediate removal of fluorides to its recommended limit.
Effect of nutritional status on occurrence of pneumonia after traumatic cervical spinal cord injury
Authors: Hayashi Tetsuo , Fujiwara Yuichi , Irie Momo , Masuda Muneaki , Sakai Hiroaki , Kawano Osamu , Maeda Takeshi
Published: September 2023

Pneumonia after cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI) is a common and serious complication; however, its nutrition-related etiology has not yet been elucidated. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of nutritional factors on pneumonia after CSCI.
Patients with acute traumatic CSCI who were admitted within 3 days after injury and followed up for at least 3 months were retrospectively examined. Occurrence of pneumonia, nutritional status, severity of dysphagia, vital capacity, use of respirators, and motor scores for paralysis were evaluated.
Of 182 patients included in this study, 33 (18%) developed pneumonia. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that low nutritional status, severe paralysis, and low vital capacity were significant risk factors for pneumonia.
The severity of paralysis, respiratory dysfunction, and poor nutritional status can affect the occurrence of pneumonia after CSCI. In addition to respiratory management, nutritional assessment and intervention may play key roles in preventing pneumonia associated with spinal cord injury-induced immune depression. Nutritional care should be provided as soon as possible when the nutritional status of a patient worsens after an injury.
Non-invasive self-adaptive information states acquisition inside dynamic scattering spaces
Authors: Li Erping , Li Ruifeng , Ma Jinyan , Li Da , Wu Yunlong , Qian Chao , Zhang Ling , Chen Hongsheng , Kottos Tsampikos
Published: September 2023

Pushing the information states acquisition efficiency has been a long-held goal to reach the measurement precision limit inside scattering spaces. Recent studies point out that the maximum information states can be achieved by engineered modes with specific matrices and operators, however, they typically necessitate time-consuming iterations or partial intrusion for multi-targets. Whereas non-invasive designs have been substantially explored across various physical scenarios, acquiring information states non-invasively inside dynamic scattering spaces remains challenging as it involves intractable non-unique mapping problem. Here, we first demonstrate that non-invasive information states acquisition is feasible and propose a tandem-generated adversarial network framework that can perform self-adaptive wavefield control inside dynamic scattering spaces. As an example, we have carried out a proof-of-principle experiment in the microwave regime, and prove that by using only the external scattering matrix of the system, information states acquisition for multi-targets can achieve the Fisher information limit efficiently. Our work demonstrates the unprecedented potential for real-time, efficient, and complex wave manipulation, providing explicable perspectives for precise measurements inside dynamic complex systems, such as medical micro-manipulation, optical Internet of Things, and intelligent communications.
Growth curve establishment of Cratylia argentea for harvest timing
Authors: Climaco Leonardo Campos Teatini , Teixeira Elaine Cristina , Abreu Lucas Freires , Souza Fernando Antônio , Silva Karina Toledo , Matrangolo Walter José Rodrigues , Lana Angela Maria Quintão
Published: September 2023

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the growth curve and chemical composition of Cratylia (Cratylia argentea). The experiment was conducted with Cratylia planted in two-line spacings of 2 or 3 meters between rows and 0,5 m between plants. Cratylia plants were evaluated in a cycle of 126 days, with pruning events every 21 days, and a total of 6 assessments for each treatment. Parameters of bromatological composition (DM, CP, NDF, ADF) of plant edible fraction (EF) and productivity (total productivity and productivity of the EF in DM) were evaluated. The study was performed in a completely randomized design with 2 treatments (spacing) and 6 replications. The variations over days were evaluated using regression analysis, and the results were compared by Fisher test (p<0,05). The models that had the best fit for productivity was exponential and logistic, whereas, for the bromatological composition it was Gompertz and polynomial. The 3 m spacing had lower productivity and CP content. The Cratylia growth rate reduced with increased plant maturity, which suggested its prune at 86 days for the 2 m spacing and 91 days for 3 m spacing. Based on the results found in this research, the 2 m showed greater yield and CP content. Both spacings presented values of CP, NDF, and ADF of 20.26, 60.29 and 40.63% for 2 m spacing and 18.97, 60.61 and 42.11% for 3 m spacing, respectively for 105 days of pruning, which was less productive for both spacings.
Postmortem homeostatic maintenance with three stepwise pH progressions in the stratum corneum of the skin
Authors: Amagai Masayuki , Fukuda Keitaro , Ito Yoshihiro , Furuichi Yuki , Matsui Takeshi , Horikawa Hiroto , Miyano Takuya , Okada Takaharu , Logtestijn Mark van , Tanaka Reiko , Miyawaki Atsushi
Published: September 2023

Stratum corneum (SC), the outermost skin layer comprising dead keratinocytes (corneocytes), plays a vital role in skin barrier function and maintains its thickness by shedding corneocytes, although mechanisms safeguarding SC homeostasis remained unclear. Ex vivo studies reported that monotonous neutral-to-acidic pH distribution exists in the SC; however, we present by intravital SC-pH imaging at the single-corneocyte resolution that corneocytes undergo postmortem differentiation and develop three-tiered zonation: the lower-moderately acidic, middle-acidic, and upper-neutral zones. The upper SC-pH zone possesses acclimation capacity, changing its pH according to the external environment and having a neutral pH owing to skin microbiota under steady-state. The middle SC-pH zone represents the acid mantle layer, providing a defensive barrier against pathogens. Mathematical model incorporating the three-tiered zonation simulated the high catalytic activity of kallikrein-related peptidases on the SC surface, resulting in proper corneocyte shedding. Thus, the three-tiered SC-pH zonation provides a crucial platform for maintaining SC homeostasis.
Decoding Peak Performance : Decipher BIOS as bio-wearables potentiated biomarker for hyper-performance compared to traditional field tests
Authors: Shaikh Ateeb , Baluni Sameer , Yezdani haleema , Saraogi Pratik
Published: September 2023

This study investigates the potential benefits of Acotfit's BIOS performance tool in the context of cricketers compared to traditional nutritional strategies. Continuous monitoring and data collection encompassing metabolic health, cognitive function, physiological metrics, and wearable data were conducted. The results demonstrate significant improvements in metabolic health, cognitive function, and overall well-being when incorporating Acotfit's BIOS. Moreover, a comparative analysis against traditional nutritional strategies underscores the potential advantages of this innovative approach. These findings suggest that Acotfit's BIOS may offer a promising avenue for cricketers looking to optimize their athletic performance and well-being.
A parallel topology optimization framework based on unstructured 3D FEA using PETSc and Eigen
Authors: Wang Yu , Li Renfu , Wang Kun
Published: September 2023

This paper presents a framework based on unstructured meshes for three-dimensional large-scale parallel topology optimization using PETSc and Eigen, which is easy to use and expand. The framework solves the minimum compliance problem using diagonally numbered eight-node hexahedral elements. The method of moving asymptotes (MMA) is chosen as the optimization solver. The validity of the framework is demonstrated by a classical cantilever beam problem and two more examples of wheel rim and rotator illustrate the expansibility of the framework. The code can be found from https://github.com/aiwanzhe/Unstructured-FEA-based-Topology-Optimization-in-PETSc-and-Eigen.
Deep-learning based 3-year survival prediction of pineoblastoma patients
Authors: Li Xuanzi , Yang Shuai , Liu Qiaodan , Wang Siyang , Zha Dasong , Zhang Shuyuan , Peng Yingpeng , Deng Chuntao
Published: September 2023

Purpose
Pineoblastoma (PB) is an extremely uncommon and highly aggressive malignancy that originates from the pineal gland, more frequently occurs in young children. Due to the rare nature, little is known about its prognostic implications and survival outcomes. Existing methods for prognostication based on traditional statistical approaches such as Cox proportional hazards (CPH) models, which have less-than-ideal predictive accuracy. Recently, deep learning algorithms has unlocked unprecedented advancements in diverse domains and has been applied extensively in medical fields. Thus, we sought to develop and compare deep learning models with CPH models in predicting 3-year overall (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) for patients with pineoblastoma.
Methods
We utilized the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to identify patients diagnosed with pineoblastoma between 1975 and 2019. The dataset divided into training and testing sets (70:30 split) for training and evaluating deep neural networks (DNN) models, while 5-fold cross-validation was employed. Additionlly, multivariable CPH models were established for comparison. The primary endpoint was 3-year overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). The performance of the models was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and calibration curve.
Results
A total of 145 patients were included in the study. The AUC value for the DNN models was 0.92 for OS and 0.91 for DSS. In comparison, the AUC value for the CPH models was 0.641 for OS and 0.685 for DSS. Meanwhile, the DNN models demonstrated good calibration: OS model (slope = 0.94, intercept = 0.07) and DSS model (slope = 0.81, intercept = 0.20).
Conclusions
The DNN models that we constructed exhibited excellent predictive capabilities in forecasting the 3-year survival of pineoblastoma patients, outperforming the CPH models. Deep learning is expected to aid clinicians predict the prognosis effectively and accurately for patients with rare tumors.
Mapping the Supportive Care Needs of Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer at a Comprehensive Cancer Center in the Middle East
Authors: Al-Rawashdeh Nedal , Damsees Rana , Abaza Haneen , Ammar Khawlah , Alananzeh Ibrahim , Ghosh Amal Abu , Al-Awady Shireen , Serhan Hashem Abu , Al-Ja’fari Khaled , Awadallah Omar , Al-Ja’fari Zaid , Serhan Leen Abu , Irshaidat Sarah , Obeidat Emad , Al-Omari Amal
Published: September 2023

Assessing unmet needs is crucial to achieving quality care and patient satisfaction. Between September and December 2021, we assessed unmet supportive care needs in a consecutive sample of adult survivors of childhood cancer at KHCC. Two hundred and ninety-seven adult survivors of childhood cancer completed the study questionnaire. Overall needs score across all domains was (24.80$\pm$19.65), with the financial domain scoring the highest (30.39$\pm$31.95) and sexuality scoring the lowest (7.67$\pm$19.67). Using a multivariate linear regression model, female gender was independently associated with significantly high scores in all need domains (p$<$0.001), except for sexuality. Monthly income, comorbidities, socioeconomic challenges, time since diagnosis, and age at diagnosis have emerged as predictors of needs in many domains. Mean quality of life (QoL) was significantly and inversely associated with the mean score in multiple domains: psychological (p$<$0.001), sexuality (p=0.038), financial (p$<$0.001), and overall needs (p=0.004). Following a thematic analysis of qualitative data, educational difficulties and work-related challenges were identified as other unmet needs. Cancer experiences during childhood significantly influence supportive care needs in adulthood. There is a need for more tailored studies assessing different populations of cancer survivors and avoiding the “one size fits all” model when it comes to survivorship care.
Environmental Life Cycle Analysis of Manufacturing Options for Humanitarian Supplies: Drinking water containers
Authors: Handler Robert M. , Roy Riya , Pearce Joshua Michael
Published: September 2023

PurposeThe purpose of this life cycle assessment (LCA) study was to determine the life cycle impacts for production and distribution of a humanitarian supply item under various supply chain paradigms in order to illustrate the potential environmental benefits of organizing production and supply operations for these items in novel ways. To do this a case study is used on a family-size water storage and dispensing bucket, such as the 14L-capacity polyethylene (PE) bucket commonly produced by Oxfam International.MethodsThe LCA is cradle-to-gate including production and transportation of PE plastic feedstock, fabrication of the water bucket, and transportation of the bucket to a common distribution site representative of a humanitarian aid location. Three different humanitarian aid locations are used to illustrate the range of potential impacts for each processing and supply system: Nepal, South Sudan, and Peru. Six processing and supply scenarios were investigated: 1) centralized Oxfam traditional system, 2) centralized commercial Chinese supply and distribution, 3) quasi-centralized Field Ready supply and distribution, 4) distributed supply and distribution system with 3-D printing, 5) distributed supply and distribution system with 3-D printing and local waste feedstock, and 6) distributed supply and distribution system with extrusion molding and local waste feedstock.Results and discussionThe results found the major contribution to total GHG emissions are electricity usage for manufacturing and shipping feedstock and final product. Among Systems 1–3, System-1 and System 2 are environmentally poor as the electricity emissions in Pakistan and China are high. System 3 was an improvement as the products are manufactured locally. Decentralized supply and distribution system with 3-D printing (System 4) is less compatible with regions of high grid emissions. In System 5, the same equipment has been used, but with local waste feedstock, which shows an improvement of 67.7% for Nepal and 65.5% for Peru because of the reduced shipping emissions, even if the manufacturing emission is the highest among all of the systems. System 6 is feasible for all three locations.ConclusionsIt is concluded that manufacturing should be prioritized on grids where the electricity emission is lower using local waste feedstock as it is the most efficient approach; however, a further study should be done on operating the FPF/FGF 3-D printer or extrusion molding systems powered with distributed photovoltaic systems in order to complement this process and produce the most environmentally responsible production.
Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning Screening for COVID-19 using a US-Patent- Pending Technology known as iDetect COVID-19 Testing Application
Authors: Peterson Telyn , Hohlbein Joshua , Chong Paul , Lewis Fred , Enzenauer Robert W.
Published: September 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated the development of accurate diagnostics in order to control and minimize viral propagation; however, accurate and remote means of COVID-19 diagnosis have yet to be developed. The objective of this research was to explore the potential of external eye imaging and machine learning (ML) algorithms for early COVID-19 diagnosis via a patent-pending protocol known as iDetect. iDetect employs deep learning techniques to analyze external eye images captured using mobile eye imaging devices. Images were collected through rigorous data collection procedures, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing and image acquisition from participants in multiple countries. Local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME) analysis was utilized for ML model interpretability. The developed convolutional neural network (CNN) and support vector machine (SVM) models demonstrated high diagnostic performance, with the CNN models achieving an area-under-receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) of 92% and exhibiting sensitivity and specificity values exceeding 90% in most eye positions. The SVM models also showed promising performance, with an AUROC of 89%. The findings of this study present a practical and scalable solution for accurate diagnosis of COVID-19, contributing to ongoing efforts to explore innovative diagnostic methods and enhance early detection and management of infectious diseases, such as COVID-19.
Gut microbiota and central nervous system: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomized analysis
Authors: An Jia , Ye Mingtang , Yu Di , Wang Qingfeng , Wang Qiang , Wu Kede , Yang Zhaocong , Mo Xuming
Published: September 2023

Background
Previous studies have shown that alterations in the gut microbiota are associated with the progression of central nervous system(CNS)disorders. Whether this connection reflects a causal relationship still unclear. We aimed to reveal a causal relationship between the gut microbiota and CNS diseases such as anoxic brain injury (ABI) and bacterial meningitis (BM).
Methods
A two-sample bi-directional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed by using genetic variants from genome-wide association studies as instruments variables for gut microbiota, ABI and BM. This study used inverse variance weighted, weighted median, MR-Egger and weighted mode methods to evaluate the causal relationship among gut microbiota, ABI and BM. Sensitivity analyses including horizontal pleiotropy analysis, Cochran's Q test, and leave-one-out method were subsequently performed to assess the reliability of the results.
Results
We found that the increased abundance of Lachnospiraceae family and Butyricoccus genus was positively associated with the risk of ABI. The increased abundance of Lactococcus, Ruminococcus gauvreauii and Desulfovibrionales genera were positively associated with the risk of BM, while Eubacterium ventriosum genus, Erysipelatoclostridium genus and NB1n order were negatively associated with the risk of BM. On the other hand, CNS disorders altered the composition of the gut microbiota.
Conclusion
MR analysis have shown a bidirectional causal relationship between the abundance of specific bacteria and ABI and BM, providing evidence for gut microecological therapies for ABI and BM.
Dietary fermented soybean meal affects rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) growth performance, digestive enzymes, and liver function
Authors: Sadeghi Khaled , Kowsar Rasoul
Published: September 2023

A 56-day feeding trial was used to assess how the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) responded to diets containing various amounts of fermented soybean meal (FSBM). Rainbow trout was fed four isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets in which FSBM was used at 0 (FSBM0), 10 (FSBM10), 15 (FSBM15), or 20 (FSBM20) percent of the fish diet. With rising FSBM levels, there was a linear decrease in weight gain, as well as total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the blood. In comparison to other treatments, the FSBM20 group had the least amount of weight gain, digestive enzyme activity (total protease, trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase, and pepsin), and immune activity (serum lysozyme activity, serum bactericidal activity, serum complement activity, and anti-protease activity). When compared to the FSBM0 and FSBM10 groups, the FSBM15 and FSBM20 groups significantly reduced the body's lipid and protein compositions, respectively. In comparison to the control group, the addition of FSBM linearly decreased the liver enzymes aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase. The PCA and sub-network enrichment analysis revealed a positive correlation between FSBM and feed conversion ratio. The current findings implied that use of FSBM in Rainbow trout’s diets may negatively affect the growth performance or digestive enzymes and should be used with caution.
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST) Presenting as Acute Abdomen: Images in surgery
Authors: TOUATI Med Dheker , BELHADJ Anis , IDANI Maroua , OTHMANE Mohamed Raouf BEN , SAIDANI Ahmed , CHEBBI Faouzi
Published: September 2023

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors originating from the small bowel are uncommon. we presente the case of a 45-year-old man with no prior medical or surgical history presented to our hospital's emergency department with abdominal pain, vomiting, inability to pass gas, and no bowel movements. Physical examination revealed abdominal distention and tenderness. His white blood cell count was 10.9x10^3/µl, and hemoglobin levels were 13.3 g/dl. A thoraco-abdomino-pelvic CT scan showed air-fluid levels in the ileo-jejunal loops, a soft tissue density mass measuring approximately 77x35 mm, and liver metastasis (Fig. A, B). The patient underwent surgery due to acute abdomen from mechanical ileus. Proximal small bowel dilatation and a 9x4 cm soft-tissue mass protruding from the serosa (Fig. C) were found without luminal obstruction, approximately 70 cm proximal to the ileocecal valve. Additionally, a flange (Fig. D) between the tumor and sigmoid caused ileum loop obstruction. Tumor resection with a linear surgical stapler was performed, and pathology confirmed a gastrointestinal stromal tumor. The patient was discharged on the fourth postoperative day without complications, and an Imatinib treatment plan was initiated.
Implicit Sensing Self-Supervised Learning Based on Graph Multi-pretext tasks for Traffic Flow Prediction
Authors: Sattarzadeh Ali Reza , Pathirana Pubudu N. , Palaniswami Marimuthu
Published: September 2023

In recent years, spatial-temporal graph neural networks (GNNs) have significantly improved traffic prediction by modeling intricate spatiotemporal dependencies in irregular traffic networks. However, these approaches may underutilize the intrinsic properties of traffic data and suffer from overfitting due to their local nature. This paper introduces the Implicit Sensing Self-Supervised learning model (ISSS) to address these issues. ISSS leverages a multi-pretext task framework for traffic flow prediction, integrating multiple self-supervised tasks, including contrastive learning and spatial jigsaw puzzles, to learn both specific and general representations. ISSS emphasizes capturing the intrinsic spatial relationships among sensor locations, particularly through spatial and temporal jigsaw puzzles. These tasks explore the correlation between traffic patterns at sensor locations and critical temporal periods, recognizing the significance of temporal information in traffic data. By transforming data into an alternative feature space, ISSS facilitates the adoption of contrastive learning tasks, enhancing regularization, and promoting a deeper understanding of learned traffic features, resulting in more specific representations. Comparative experiments on six datasets demonstrate ISSS's effectiveness in learning general and discriminative features in both supervised and unsupervised modes. ISSS outperforms existing models, showcasing its potential for improving traffic flow prediction while addressing challenges associated with local operations and overfitting.
The heat wave knowledge, awareness, practice and behavior scale: Translation and validation in Greek
Authors: Galanis Petros , Moisoglou Ioannis , Katsiroumpa Aglaia , Vraka Irene , Siskou Olga , Konstantakopoulou Olympia , Tsiachri Maria , Kaitelidou Daphne
Published: September 2023

OBJECTIVE To translate and validate the heat wave knowledge, awareness, practice and behavior scale (HWKAPBS) in Greek.
METHOD We conducted a cross-sectional study in Greece with a convenience sample of 147 individuals. We assessed test-retest reliability, internal reliability, face validity and construct validity. We calculated intraclass correlation coefficients, the Kuder-Richardson Formula 20, and Cronbach’s coefficient alpha. Moreover, we performed confirmatory factor analysis to assess the construct validity of the HWKAPBS.
RESULTS Intraclass correlation coefficients for the four constructs (knowledge, awareness, practice and behavior) ranged from 0.918 to 0.993 (p<0.001 in all cases). All model fit indices in the confirmatory factor analysis were acceptable. Thus, confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the structure of the original version of the HWKAPBS with the four structures: knowledge, awareness, practice and behavior. Correlations between awareness, practice and behavior constructs were very high and statistically significant (p<0.001 in all cases). Kuder-Richardson Formula 20 for the knowledge construct was 0.611. Moreover, Cronbach’s coefficients alpha for the awareness, practice and behavior constructs were 0.929, 0.866, and 0.766 respectively.
CONCLUSIONS The HWKAPBS is a brief, reliable and valid tool to measure knowledge, attitudes and practice of general public about heat waves.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FAZILET CALENDAR AND MABIMS CRITERIA ON DETERMINING HIJRI CALENDAR
Authors: Irfan Irfan
Published: September 2023

A calendar is an organizing system for calculating time over a certain period. Some calendar systems refer to an astronomical cycle, following a fixed rule. The main problem in this study is how the method and implementation of determining the beginning of the lunar month in the Ministry of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia and the Fazilet Calendar, the purpose of this study is to add to the treasury of knowledge about the Fazilet Calendar calendar method originating from the Ottoman Empire so that library research methods are used to describe various sources that are there is. The results showed that there was a difference of three to four months each year in entering the first month using the old and new MABIMS criteria and the Fazilet Calendar criteria. Differences in the beginning of the lunar month also occur because of the location of the hilal observation markaz, the Fazilet Calendar with the Ittihadul Mathali concept (imposing a global matla) while the Ministry of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia with the wilayatul hukmi matlak concept.
Interactive Powerpoint Nervous System Material: A Learning Media Development Research
Authors: Sari Danning Wulan , Filayani Muhammad Iqbal
Published: September 2023

Nervous system material tends to be difficult to understand and many theories need to be conveyed concisely and interestingly. This research aims to develop learning media in the form of interactive powerpoints on nervous system material that can improve learning outcomes. The research and development model uses the ADDIE model. Data collection methods use observation, interviews and questionnaires. Validity trials were carried out by material expert lecturers and media experts. Meanwhile, the practicality test was carried out by the class XI biology subject teacher and 20 students. The data analysis technique used is qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis. The research results show that the average validity of each interactive PowerPoint is 75% in the valid category. The average practicality value for interactive PowerPoint is respectively 90% and 86.85% in the very practical category as a learning medium. Then the t-test results obtained sig. (2-tailed) of 0.001 0.05, indicating that interactive PowerPoint learning media is effective in improving student learning outcomes.
Potential Interfering Substances and Potentiometric Antioxidant Activity Tests in Food Systems
Authors: Tarasov Aleksey , Zavorokhina Natalia , Chugunova Olga
Published: September 2023

The food industry knows a lot of methods to determine the total antioxidant activity. The potentiometric method includes the mediator system of potassium hexacyanoferrates (K3[Fe(CN)6]/K4[Fe(CN)6]) and has proved to be quite effective in assessing the antioxidant activity of food products. This method is simple and cheap but its interference issues still remain understudied. This research covered 30 potential interfering substances in beverages and their reactivity toward the mediator system of potassium hexacyanoferrates.

The experiment featured carbohydrates (glucose, fructose, sucrose, lactose, maltose), dyes (E102, E110, E124, E129, E132, E133), preservatives (E210, E221, E222, E223, E236, E260), sweeteners (E420, E421, E950, E952, E954), and acidity regulators (E296, E330, E331iii, E334, E337, E338, E363, E386). The potential and pH were determined by the potentiometric method in a mediator system solution in the absence and presence of the abovementioned substances. Cysteine and ascorbic and gallic acids served as controls.

Glucose, sucrose, and maltose did not interfere with the analysis, while fructose and lactose showed an insignificant positive interference of unspecified mechanism. Malic (E296), citric (E330), tartaric (E334), and phosphoric (E338) acids increased the potential of the mediator system by lowering the pH. However, these interference effects were observed only at high concentrations in an electrochemical cell and were leveled after a sixfold dilution. Indigo carmine (E132), sodium sulfite (E221), sodium hydrosulfite (E222), and sodium metabisulfite (E223) were oxidized by potassium ferricyanide and showed significant positive interference. Potassium ferricyanide was capable of oxidizing compounds other than natural antioxidants.

The industrial use of indigo carmine is limited due to its poor light stability, while sulfites are popular components in winemaking. Sulfite interference is of particular concern in the analysis of white wines and is typical of other antioxidant activity methods. The obtained data can correct the results of the potentiometric antioxidant activity tests if the concentration of the interfering substance is known.
Assessing water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) practices and their association with diarrhoea in under-five children in urban Chandernagore: Community-based evidence from a small municipal corporation in Hooghly District of West Bengal, India
Authors: Chatterjee Sayantani , Majumder Debojyoti , Roy M. N.
Published: September 2023

The study aims to understand the relationship of childhood diarrhoea (under-five children) with water, sanitation and hygiene factors in the light of other contextual factors in an urban setting in the district of Hooghly in West Bengal, India. This primary study was carried out by SIGMA Foundation, Kolkata from 4 to 24 January 2023 across 404 households having at least one under-five child. The findings suggested that the water score was ‘good’ in 85.1% of the households whereas the hand hygiene score was ‘good’ in 14.6% of households. More than 90% of the households had piped water supply. Less than half of them treated water before consumption among which 45.3% used cloths for straining water; 59.2% of the caregivers followed safe disposal of child's faeces; 66.8% of households had no handwashing arrangement, and 30.5% had taps and wash basins for handwashing; 20.3% of the under-five children had suffered from diarrhoea in the last month before the survey and its prevalence was higher in children aged 12–23 months. Multivariate results suggested diarrhoea prevalence was lower in households that were pucca and had good water and hand hygiene scores, lower in children that had received iron fortification and whose caregivers followed safe child's stool disposal.
Development of flood inundation maps for the Chaliyar Basin, Kerala under climate change scenarios
Authors: Jayasimha Reddy Nagireddy Venkata , Arunkumar R.
Published: September 2023

Floods are one of the extreme events and widespread natural disasters that significantly affect the civil infrastructure and livelihoods of people. Recently, climate change has significantly altered the rainfall pattern and increased flood events worldwide, especially in India. Therefore, it has become essential to map potential flood inundation regions for various future extreme events to develop appropriate flood mitigation and management strategies. This study aims to develop flood inundation maps for different return periods under climate change scenarios for the Chaliyar basin, Kerala. The Hydrologic Engineering Center-Hydrologic Modelling System model was used to simulate streamflow under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. Later, flood inundation maps were developed for different return periods using the Hydrologic Engineering Center-River Analysis System model. It was observed that for the near future (2031–2040) and far future (2071–2080), simulated streamflow is higher for SSP5-8.5. However, the mid-future (2051–2060) resulted in a higher streamflow for SSP2-4.5 than the SSP5-8.5 scenario. A maximum of 19.52 m of water surface elevation occurred at Kizhupparamba during mid-future for SSP2-4.5, followed by 18.38 m of water surface elevation at Cheekode during the near future for SSP5-8.5, for 100-year return period events. This study showed that hydrologic and hydraulic models could be effectively combined for mapping the flood inundation areas.
Outflow risks of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in stormwater bioretention cells: understanding roles of adsorption and transmission
Authors: Cai FangYue , Zuo XiaoJun , Xu QiangQiang
Published: September 2023

In this study, lab-scale bioretention cells were designed for the investigation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) outflow profiles at different depths, effects of adsorption and transmission, as well as modelling evaluation of ARB outflow risks using the common decay models (e.g., first-order decay models). ARB outflow was first found in the upper layers (after 100 days of the operation) with the lowest transmission frequencies of antibiotic resistance. Although the adsorption of ARB onto the substrate and its surface biofilms was effective with the maximum amount of ARB adsorbed (Qmax) reaching 108 CFU/g of the substrate and 107 CFU/g of biofilms, ARB outflow was detected in the bottom outlets after over 4 months of operation, reflecting that there was still a risk of antibiotic resistance through the treatment of bioretention cells. ARB outflow for both upper and middle outlets could be well described by third-order polynomial equations with correlation coefficients 0.9067 (p = 0.0002) and 0.9780 (p < 0.0001), respectively, where there were both positive and negative relationships between outflow ARB and inflow ARB, confirming the combined action of mechanisms blocking ARB outflow (e.g., substrate adsorption) and promoting ARB outflow (like transmission). These suggested two potential controlling approaches for ARB outflow from stormwater bioretention cells.