bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): the dependence of star formation on surface brightness in low-redshift galaxies
Authors: Phillipps S , Bellstedt S , Bremer M N , De Propris R , James P A , Casura S , Liske J , Holwerda B W
Published: November 2022

The star-formation rate in galaxies is well known to correlate with stellar mass (the ‘star-forming main sequence’). Here, we extend this further to explore any additional dependence on galaxy surface brightness, a proxy for stellar mass surface density. We use a large sample of low-redshift (z ≤ 0.08) galaxies from the Galaxy And Mass Assembly survey which have both spectral energy distribution (SED) derived star-formation rates and photometric bulge-disc decompositions, the latter providing measures of disc surface brightness and disc masses. Using two samples, one of galaxies fitted by a single component with Sérsic index below 2 and one of the discs from two-component fits, we find that once the overall mass dependence of star-formation rate is accounted for, there is no evidence in either sample for a further dependence on stellar surface density.
Differences in chemical evolution between isolated and embedded prestellar cores
Authors: Priestley F D , Whitworth A P , Fogerty E
Published: November 2022

Models of prestellar cores often assume that the cores are isolated from their environment – material outside the core boundary plays no role in the subsequent evolution. This is unlikely to be the case in reality, where cores are located within hierarchically substructured molecular clouds. We investigate the dynamical and chemical evolution of prestellar cores, modelled as Bonnor–Ebert spheres, and show that the density of the ambient medium has a large impact on the resulting chemical properties of the cores. Models embedded in high-density, low-temperature surroundings have greatly enhanced abundances of several molecules, such as CO and CS, compared to models with more diffuse surroundings, corresponding to relatively isolated cores. The predicted intensities and profile shapes of molecular lines are also affected. The density of the ambient medium has a stronger effect on the chemical evolution than whether the cores are initially in or out of equilibrium. This suggests that the impact of environment cannot be neglected when modelling chemistry in prestellar cores; the results of these models are highly sensitive to the assumptions made about the core surroundings.
The FRB 20121102A November rain in 2018 observed with the Arecibo Telescope
Authors: Jahns J N , Spitler L G , Nimmo K , Hewitt D M , Snelders M P , Seymour A , Hessels J W T , Gourdji K , Michilli D , Hilmarsson G H
Published: November 2022

We present 849 new bursts from FRB 20121102A detected with the 305-m Arecibo Telescope. Observations were conducted as part of our regular campaign to monitor activity and evolution of burst properties. The 10 reported observations were carried out between 1150 and $1730\, {\rm MHz}$ and fall in the active period around 2018 November. All bursts were dedispersed at the same dispersion measure and are consistent with a single value of $(562.4 \pm 0.1)\, {\rm pc\, cm^{-3}}$. The rate varies between 0 bursts and 218 ± 16 bursts per hour, the highest rate observed to date. The times between consecutive bursts show a bimodal distribution. We find that a Poisson process with varying rate best describes arrival times with separations ${\gt}{0.1\, {\rm s}}$. Clustering on time-scales of $22\, {\rm ms}$ reflects a characteristic time-scale of the source and possibly the emission mechanism. We analyse the spectro-temporal structure of the bursts by fitting 2D Gaussians with a temporal drift to each sub-burst in the dynamic spectra. We find a linear relationship between the sub-burst’s drift and its duration. At the same time, the drifts are consistent with coming from the sad-trombone effect. This has not been predicted by current models. The energy distribution shows an excess of high-energy bursts and is insufficiently modelled by a single power law even within single observations. We find long-term changes in the energy distribution, the average spectrum, and the sad-trombone drift, compared to earlier and later published observations. Despite the large burst rate, we find no strict short-term periodicity.
Mesh-free hydrodynamics in pkdgrav3 for galaxy formation simulations
Authors: Alonso Asensio Isaac , Dalla Vecchia Claudio , Potter Douglas , Stadel Joachim
Published: November 2022

We extend the state-of-the-art N-body code pkdgrav3 with the inclusion of mesh-free gas hydrodynamics for cosmological simulations. Two new hydrodynamic solvers have been implemented, the mesh-less finite volume and mesh-less finite mass methods. The solvers manifestly conserve mass, momentum, and energy, and have been validated with a wide range of standard test simulations, including cosmological simulations. We also describe improvements to pkdgrav3 that have been implemented for performing hydrodynamic simulations. These changes have been made with efficiency and modularity in mind, and provide a solid base for the implementation of the required modules for galaxy formation and evolution physics and future porting to GPUs. The code is released in a public repository, together with the documentation, and all the test simulations presented in this work.
Massive quiescent galaxies at z ∼ 3: A comparison of selection, stellar population, and structural properties with simulation predictions
Authors: Lustig Peter , Strazzullo Veronica , Remus Rhea-Silvia , D’Eugenio Chiara , Daddi Emanuele , Burkert Andreas , De Lucia Gabriella , Delvecchio Ivan , Dolag Klaus , Fontanot Fabio , Gobat Raphael , Mohr Joseph J , Onodera Masato , Pannella Maurilio , Pillepich Annalisa
Published: November 2022

We study stellar population and structural properties of massive log (M⋆/M⊙) > 11 galaxies at z ≈ 2.7 in the Magneticum and IllustrisTNG hydrodynamical simulations and GAEA semi-analytic model. We find stellar mass functions broadly consistent with observations, with no scarcity of massive, quiescent galaxies at z ≈ 2.7, but with a higher quiescent galaxy fraction at high masses in IllustrisTNG. Average ages of simulated quiescent galaxies are between ≈0.8 and ${1.0\, \textrm {Gyr}}$, older by a factor ≈2 than observed in spectroscopically confirmed quiescent galaxies at similar redshift. Besides being potentially indicative of limitations of simulations in reproducing observed star formation histories, this discrepancy may also reflect limitations in the estimation of observed ages. We investigate the purity of simulated UVJ rest-frame colour-selected massive quiescent samples with photometric uncertainties typical of deep surveys (e.g. COSMOS). We find evidence for significant contamination (up to ${60\, \rm {per\, cent}}$) by dusty star-forming galaxies in the UVJ region that is typically populated by older quiescent sources. Furthermore, the completeness of UVJ-selected quiescent samples at this redshift may be reduced by $\approx {30\, \rm {per\, cent}}$ due to a high fraction of young quiescent galaxies not entering the UVJ quiescent region. Massive, quiescent galaxies in simulations have on average lower angular momenta and higher projected axis ratios and concentrations than star-forming counterparts. Average sizes of simulated quiescent galaxies are broadly consistent with observations within the uncertainties. The average size ratio of quiescent and star-forming galaxies in the probed mass range is formally consistent with observations, although this result is partly affected by poor statistics.
Uniquely identifying topological order based on boundary-bulk duality and anyon condensation
Authors: Hai Yong-Ju , Zhang Ze , Zheng Hao , Kong Liang , Wu Jiansheng , Yu Dapeng
Published: November 2022

Topological order is a new quantum phase that is beyond Landau’s symmetry-breaking paradigm. Its defining features include robust degenerate ground states, long-range entanglement and anyons. It was known that R and F matrices, which characterize the fusion-braiding properties of anyons, can be used to uniquely identify topological order. In this article, we explore an essential question: how can the R and F matrices be experimentally measured? We show that the braidings, i.e. the R matrices, can be completely determined by the half braidings of boundary excitations due to the boundary-bulk duality and the anyon condensation. The F matrices can also be measured by comparing the quantum states involving the fusion of three anyons in two different orders. Thus we provide a model-independent experimental protocol to uniquely identify topological order. By using quantum simulations based on a toric code model with boundaries encoded in three- and four-qubit systems and state-of-the-art technology, we obtain the first experimental measurement of R and F matrices by means of an NMR quantum computer at room temperature.
Exposure to Electronic Cigarette Advertisements and Use of Electronic Cigarettes: A Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies
Authors: Luu Ngoc Minh , Phan Thanh Hai , Oh Jin-Kyoung , Myung Seung-Kwon
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Electronic cigarette (EC) advertisements remain unregulated and approach consumers in TV commercials, print ads, radio, and other forms of digital marketing.

Aims and Methods

This study aimed to assess whether exposure to EC advertisements is associated with the use of EC by using a meta-analysis of prospective studies. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science to locate eligible studies in November 2021. Pooled adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects meta-analysis.

Results

Out of 1635 articles searched from databases, we included seven prospective studies that met inclusion criteria in the final analysis. Four out of seven studies involved participants under 18 years of age. In the meta-analysis of all studies, exposure to EC advertisements was significantly associated with the increased use of ECs (aOR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.92; I2 = 60.1%). In the subgroup meta-analyses by source of advertisements, there was no significant association between exposure to EC advertisements on TV, radio, or billboards and the use of EC, while exposure to EC advertisements in retail stores and on Internet or social media significantly increased the use of EC.

Conclusions

Exposure to EC advertisements was associated with the increased use of ECs, specifically in retail stores and on Internet or social media among adolescents and young adults. Because EC use could serve as a gateway to cigarette smoking in adolescents and young adults, more strict regulations and restrictions on EC advertisements are needed.

Implications

Concurrent with the rise in electronic cigarette (EC) sales, advertising expenditures for ECs have been increased in the past decade, and there is controversy over the association between exposure to EC advertisements and the use of ECs. This meta-analysis of seven prospective studies showed that exposure to EC advertisements was significantly associated with the increased use of ECs, specifically in retail stores and on Internet or social media among adolescents and young adults. Because, EC use could serve as a gateway to cigarette smoking in adolescents and young adults, more strict regulations and restrictions on EC advertisements are needed.
Film production during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Phillips Leslie E , Dhillon Paul , Kotas Andrew , Kusler Renee , Shih Jeffrey , Kause Juliane
Published: November 2022

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic created unprecedented challenges for the film industry. Following a shutdown of productions, The Safe Way Forward document was developed to outline disease mitigation protocols. Despite this framework, many unanticipated scenarios arose during reopening of film production with the ongoing pandemic.

Aims

To identify and document promising practices for mitigating COVID-19 transmission in the film industry that can inform future pandemics and other industries.

Methods

We conducted a literature search to review research regarding COVID-19 disease mitigation efforts in the film industry. Through client-facing consultancy and consultant group meetings, we identified those factors most important for disease mitigation in the film industry and applicable to future pandemics and other industries. The Delphi Method enabled experts to review lessons learned as studio consultants during the COVID-19 pandemic; learnings were coded and analyzed for recurring themes.

Results

We identified anxiety, mistrust, and poor communication as key contributors to decreased compliance with COVID-19 protocols. In response, our team demonstrated multi-specialty expertise, provided scientific explanations, and developed trust by listening empathetically and responding with clear, consistent messaging. These measures served to alleviate anxiety, improve compliance, and provide a safe return to production.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the ability and agility of multi-disciplinary experts acting in the absence of clear guidance to support a safe return to film production. Workplace anxiety and non-compliance can be alleviated through effective communication by trusted experts. Lessons learned by our consultancy group can help protect workers across diverse industries in future pandemics.
Population-Level Strategies for Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir Prescribing—A Cost-effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Savinkina Alexandra , Paltiel A David , Ross Joseph S , Gonsalves Gregg
Published: November 2022

Background

New coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) medications force decision-makers to weigh limited evidence of efficacy and cost in determining which patient populations to target for treatment. A case in point is nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, a drug that has been recommended for elderly, high-risk individuals, regardless of vaccination status, even though clinical trials have only evaluated it in unvaccinated patients. A simple optimization framework might inform a more reasoned approach to the trade-offs implicit in the treatment allocation decision.

Methods

We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis using a decision-analytic model comparing 5 nirmatrelvir/ritonavir prescription policy strategies, stratified by vaccination status and risk for severe disease. We considered treatment effectiveness at preventing hospitalization ranging from 21% to 89%. Sensitivity analyses were performed on major parameters of interest. A web-based tool was developed to permit decision-makers to tailor the analysis to their settings and priorities.

Results

Providing nirmatrelvir/ritonavir to unvaccinated patients at high risk for severe disease was cost-saving when effectiveness against hospitalization exceeded 33% and cost-effective under all other data scenarios we considered. The cost-effectiveness of other allocation strategies, including those for vaccinated adults and those at lower risk for severe disease, depended on willingness-to-pay thresholds, treatment cost and effectiveness, and the likelihood of severe disease.

Conclusions

Priority for nirmatrelvir/ritonavir treatment should be given to unvaccinated persons at high risk of severe disease from COVID-19. Further priority may be assigned by weighing treatment effectiveness, disease severity, drug cost, and willingness to pay for deaths averted.
An unusual case of gastric angiolipoma presenting with upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Alghamdi Saeed Abdulrahman , Alshammery Sahar Matter , Alamari Mahammad Saeed , Alshehri Mohammed Ali , Alshahrani Amer Saeed
Published: November 2022

Gastric angiolipomas (GA) are rare benign tumors that can present with gastrointestinal bleeding and anemia. We describe a 73-year-old woman who presented with a 3-day history of fatiguability, epigastric pain and melena. A computed tomography scan revealed a hypodense lesion, measuring 6 × 6 × 5 cm, along the upper part of the stomach. An upper endoscopy revealed a large polypoid lesion, measuring 8 × 6 cm, between the cardia and body of the stomach. Multiple biopsy specimens were taken, and a histopathological examination showed an acute erosive helicobacter-associated reactive gastritis but no definitive atypia. A linear endoscopic ultrasound revealed a large, homogenous, hyperechoic lesion, consistent with a lipoma, in the body of the stomach. A fine needle aspiration was negative for malignancy. A laparoscopy was offered, and a wedge resection was performed. A histopathological examination revealed a well-circumscribed, encapsulated lipomatous tumor in the gastric submucosa with focal mucosal ulceration. The patient had an uneventful postoperative recovery and her hemoglobin level subsequently returned to normal. Overall, clinicians may be unfamiliar with GA because patients may present with signs and symptoms that can be confused with other gastrointestinal conditions. Physicians should be aware of the characteristic histopathological features to distinguish GA from other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract that may share similar clinical or radiologic features.
Viridiplantae-specific GLXI and GLXII isoforms co-evolved and detoxify glucosone in planta
Authors: Balparda Manuel , Schmitz Jessica , Duemmel Martin , Wuthenow Isabell C , Schmidt Marc , Alseekh Saleh , Fernie Alisdair R , Lercher Martin J , Maurino Veronica G
Published: November 2022

Reactive carbonyl species (RCS) such as methylglyoxal (MGO) and glyoxal (GO) are highly reactive, unwanted side-products of cellular metabolism maintained at harmless intracellular levels by specific scavenging mechanisms.MGO and GO are metabolized through the glyoxalase (GLX) system, which consists of two enzymes acting in sequence, GLXI and GLXII. While plant genomes encode a number of different GLX isoforms, their specific functions and how they arose during evolution are unclear. Here, we used Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) as a model species to investigate the evolutionary history of GLXI and GLXII in plants and whether the GLX system can protect plant cells from the toxicity of RCS other than MGO and GO. We show that plants possess two GLX systems of different evolutionary origins and with distinct structural and functional properties. The first system is shared by all eukaryotes, scavenges MGO and GO, especially during seedling establishment, and features Zn2+-type GLXI proteins with a metal cofactor preference that were present in the last eukaryotic common ancestor. GLXI and GLXII of the second system, featuring Ni2+-type GLXI, were acquired by the last common ancestor of Viridiplantae through horizontal gene transfer from proteobacteria and can together metabolize keto-D-glucose (KDG, glucosone), a glucose-derived RCS, to D-gluconate. When plants displaying loss-of-function of a Viridiplantae-specific GLXI were grown in KDG, D-gluconate levels were reduced to 10%–15% of those in the wild type, while KDG levels showed an increase of 48%–67%. In contrast to bacterial GLXI homologs, which are active as dimers, plant Ni2+-type GLXI proteins contain a domain duplication, are active as monomers, and have a modified second active site. The acquisition and neofunctionalization of a structurally, biochemically, and functionally distinct GLX system indicates that Viridiplantae are under strong selection to detoxify diverse RCS.
Fast X-ray fluorescence microscopy provides high-throughput phenotyping of element distribution in seeds
Authors: Ren Zi-Wen , Yang Meng , McKenna Brigid A , Lian Xing-Ming , Zhao Fang-Jie , Kopittke Peter M , Lombi Enzo , Wang Peng
Published: November 2022

The concentration, chemical speciation, and spatial distribution of essential and toxic mineral elements in cereal seeds have important implications for human health. To identify genes responsible for element uptake, translocation, and storage, high-throughput phenotyping methods are needed to visualize element distribution and concentration in seeds. Here, we used X-ray fluorescence microscopy (μ-XRF) as a method for rapid and high-throughput phenotyping of seed libraries and developed an ImageJ-based pipeline to analyze the spatial distribution of elements. Using this method, we nondestructively scanned 4,190 ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized M1 rice (Oryza sativa) seeds and 533 diverse rice accessions in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) panel to simultaneously measure concentrations and spatial distribution of elements in the embryo, endosperm, and aleurone layer. A total of 692 putative mutants and 65 loci associated with the spatial distribution of elements in rice seed were identified. This powerful method provides a basis for investigating the genetics and molecular mechanisms controlling the accumulation and spatial variations of mineral elements in plant seeds.
Ξ − atomic X-ray spectroscopy using a counter-emulsion hybrid method
Authors: Fujita M , Ekawa H , Endo Y , Goto R , Hasegawa S , Hayakawa S H , Hayashi K , Honda R , Hoshino K , Hosomi K , Ichikawa M , Ichikawa Y , Ito H , Ishikawa Y , Jung W S , Kasagi A , Kim S H , Kinbara S , Kobayashi H , Koike T , Lee J Y , Lin P M , Nagase Y , Nakashima D , Nakazawa K , Nanamura T , Nishimura N , Nishimura S , Nyaw A N L , Ohashi M , Sako H , Soe M K , Tamura H , Theint A M M , Tint K T , Toyama Y , Ukai M , Yamamoto T O , Yang S B , Yoshida J , Yoshimoto M , Zhang D
Published: November 2022

Ξ− atomic X-ray spectroscopy is one of the most useful methods for investigation of the Ξ–nucleus strong interaction. Since the X-ray energy is shifted and/or broadened due to the Ξ–nucleus strong interaction compared to those calculated from electromagnetic interaction alone, the measurement of the energy shift, ΔE, and the width, Γ, give us information on the Ξ–nucleus potential. A serious problem in the measurement is the significant background derived from in-flight Ξ− decay. A novel method of identifying stopped Ξ− events using the nuclear emulsion was developed to realize the first Ξ− atomic X-ray spectroscopy experiment as the J-PARC E07 experiment, which also aimed at searching for ΛΛ and Ξ− hypernuclei in the emulsion. The X-rays emitted from Ξ− Br and Ξ− Ag atoms were measured using germanium detectors. No clear peaks were observed in the obtained spectra. However, we succeeded in reducing the background to 1/170 by this method employing coincidence measurements using nuclear emulsion and X-ray detectors.
Noether’s 1st theorem with local symmetries
Authors: Aoki Sinya
Published: November 2022

Noether’s 2nd theorem applied to a total system states that a global symmetry which is a part of local symmetries does not provide a physically meaningful conserved charge but it instead leads to off-shell constraints as a form of conserved currents. In this paper, we propose a general method to derive a matter-conserved current associated with a special global symmetry in the presence of local symmetries. While currents derived from local symmetries of a matter sector with a covariant background gauge field are not conserved in general, we show that the current associated with a special type of a global symmetry, called a hidden matter symmetry, is on-shell conserved. We apply this derivation to a U(1) gauge theory, general relativity and non-abelian gauge theory. In general relativity, the associated conserved charge agrees with the one recently proposed from a different point of view.
Microglia: Friends or Foes in Glaucoma? A Developmental Perspective
Authors: Ahmad Iqbal , Subramani Murali
Published: November 2022

Glaucoma is the most prevalent form of optic neuropathy where a progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) leads to irreversible loss of vision. The mechanism underlying glaucomatous degeneration remains poorly understood. However, evidence suggests that microglia, which regulate RGC numbers and synaptic integrity during development and provide homeostatic support in adults, may contribute to the disease process. Hence, microglia represent a valid cellular target for therapeutic approaches in glaucoma. Here, we provide an overview of the role of microglia in RGC development and degeneration in the backdrop of neurogenesis and neurodegeneration in the central nervous system and discuss how pathological recapitulation of microglia-mediated developmental mechanisms may help initiate or exacerbate glaucomatous degeneration.
Prediction of Covid-19 vaccine effectiveness in adult populations and in clinically-vulnerable subgroups
Authors: Volkov Oleg , Borozdenkova Svetlana , Gray Alexander
Published: November 2022

Predictions of Covid vaccine effectiveness could support rapid and effective measures against the pandemic. Our modelling boosts the accuracy and applications of these predictions, especially to subgroups. We model the symptomatic effectiveness of Comirnaty or Vaxzevria with 50% neutralising antibody titres from a large UK immunogenicity study and with up to 68 effectiveness estimates from 23 vaccine studies. We predicted effectiveness in adult populations, age and disease subgroups, with 45% (95% CI: 27–63) predicted against Omicron BA.1 for Comirnaty boosters in haemodialysis patients. Prediction errors for two Comirnaty doses in adults were 1.9%, 2.6% and 0.4%, against the Alpha, Beta and Delta variants, versus 3.6%, 28% and 8.7% with a state-of-the-art alternative; and for Vaxzevria, 1.1% and 0.7% against Alpha and Delta, versus 18% and 20.4%. Identical titres implied between 18% (95% CI: 1–33) and 31% (95% CI: 13–50) lower Comirnaty effectiveness against Omicron BA.1 than Delta.
Universal microbial reworking of dissolved organic matter along environmental gradients
Authors: Freeman Erika C , Emilson Erik JS , Dittmar Thorsten , Braga Lucas PP , Emilson Caroline E , Goldhammer Tobias , Martineau Christine , Singer Gabriel , Tanentzap Andrew J
Published: November 2022

Soils are losing increasing amounts of carbon annually to freshwaters as dissolved organic matter (DOM), which, if degraded, can accelerate climate change. DOM is more susceptible to degradation closer to its source and becomes increasingly dominated by the same, difficult-to-degrade compounds as degradation proceeds. However, the processes underlying DOM degradation across environments are poorly understood. Here we found DOM changed similarly along soil-aquatic gradients irrespective of differences in environmental conditions. Using ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry, we tracked DOM along soil depths and hillslope positions in forest headwater catchments and related its composition to soil microbiomes and physical chemistry. Along depths and hillslopes, carbohydrate-like and unsaturated hydrocarbon-like compounds increased in mass, suggestive of microbial reworking of plant material. More than half of the variation in the abundance of these compounds was related to the expression of genes essential for degrading plant-derived carbohydrates. Our results implicate continuous microbial reworking in shifting DOM towards universal compounds in soils. By synthesising data from the land-to-ocean continuum, we suggest these processes can generalise across ecosystems and spatiotemporal scales. Such general degradation patterns can be leveraged to predict DOM composition and its downstream reactivity along environmental gradients to inform management of soil-to-stream carbon losses.
Quantifying the distribution of feature values over data represented in arbitrary dimensional spaces
Authors: Sebastian Enrique R , Esparza Julio , de la Prida Liset M
Published: November 2022

Background: Identifying the structured distribution (or lack thereof) of a given feature over a point cloud is a general research question. In the neuroscience field, this problem arises while investigating representations over neural manifolds (e.g., spatial coding), in the analysis of neurophysiological signals (e.g., auditory coding) or in anatomical image segmentation. New method: We introduce the Structure Index (SI) as a graph-based topological metric to quantify the distribution of feature values projected over data in arbitrary D-dimensional spaces (neurons, time stamps, pixels). The SI is defined from the overlapping distribution of data points sharing similar feature values in a given neighborhood. Results: Using model data clouds we show how the SI provides quantification of the degree of local versus global organization of feature distribution. SI can be applied to both scalar and vectorial features permitting quantification of the relative contribution of related variables. When applied to experimental studies of head-direction cells, it is able to retrieve consistent feature structure from both the high- and low-dimensional representations. Finally, we provide two general-purpose examples (sound and image categorization), to illustrate the potential application to arbitrary dimensional spaces. Comparison with existing methods: Most methods for quantifying structure depend on cluster analysis, which are suboptimal for continuous features and non-discrete data clouds. SI unbiasedly quantifies structure from continuous data in any dimensional space. Conclusions: The method provides versatile applications in the neuroscience and data science fields.
Organization, genomic targeting and assembly of three distinct SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes inArabidopsis
Authors: Fu Wei , Yu Yaoguang , Shu Jie , Yu Zewang , Zhu Tao , Zhong Yixiong , Zhang Zhihao , Liang Zhenwei , Cui Yuhai , Chen Chen , Li Chenlong
Published: November 2022

Switch defective/sucrose non-fermentable (SWI/SNF) complexes are evolutionarily conserved multi-subunit machines that play vital roles in chromatin architecture regulation for modulating gene expression via sliding or ejection of nucleosomes in eukaryotes. In plants, perturbations of SWI/SNF subunits often result in severe developmental disorders. However, the subunit composition, pathways of assembly, and genomic targeting of the plant SWI/SNF complexes remain undefined. Here, we reveal the organization, genomic targeting and assembly of three distinct Arabidopsis SWI/SNF complexes:BRAHMA-AssociatedSWI/SNF complexes (BAS),SPLAYED-AssociatedSWI/SNF complexes (SAS) andMINUSCULE-AssociatedSWI/SNF complexes (MAS). We show that BAS complexes are equivalent to human ncBAF, whereas SAS and MAS complexes evolve in multiple subunits unique to plants, suggesting a plant-specific functional evolution of SWI/SNF complexes. We further demonstrate overlapping and specific genomic targeting of the three plant SWI/SNF complexes on chromatin and reveal that SAS complexes are necessary for the correct genomic localization of the BAS complexes. Finally, we define the role of core module subunit in the assembly of the plant SWI/SNF complexes and highlight that ATPase module subunit is required for global complex stability and the interaction of core module subunits in SAS and BAS complexes in Arabidopsis. Together, our work highlights the divergence of SWI/SNF chromatin remodelers during the eukaryote evolution and provides a comprehensive landscape for understanding the plant SWI/SNF complexes organization, assembly, genomic targeting, and function.

One-sentence summary

Comprehensively define the organization, genomic targeting and assembly of three distinct SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes in Arabidopsis
A compact-rigid multi-analyser for energy and angle filtering of high-resolution X-ray experiments. Part 2. Efficiency of a single-crystal-comb
Authors: Hodeau J.-L. , Prat A. , Boudet N. , Blanc N. , Arnaud S. , Hazemann J.-L. , Lahéra E. , Proux O. , Jacquet M. , Autran P.-O. , Dejoie C. , Martinetto P.
Published: November 2022

Diffraction instruments using filtering by one or several analyser crystals exist since the 1980s and 1990s at synchrotron radiation sources, but, due to its low efficiency, this filtering is little used on laboratory sources. In order to overcome this limitation, the efficiency of a small diffraction filtering multi-analyzer block (MAD block) realized with a `single-crystal-comb' curved on a rigid support is demonstrated here. The geometry of this curved surface is logarithmic spiral and is optimized to allow multi-filtering over a relatively important diffraction angular range and to be also applicable over an X-ray spectral range. The efficiency of such a small rigid-compact MAD block consisting of this single-crystal-comb generating 20–50 Si(111) single-crystal blades, associated with a block of Soller collimators, is demonstrated. The angle between each crystal is 0.1°, so the measurement range of the comb is 2–5°. The geometry of this system has been optimized for operation with a synchrotron X-ray source over an energy range of 22 keV to 46 keV and could be used with laboratory X-ray sources (Ag Kα1, 22.1 keV). This MAD block complements and exploits the qualities of the `photon-counting' detectors which have very low intrinsic noise. Their joint efficacy is supported by powder pattern measurements of a LaB6 reference sample and of several heterogeneous samples of cultural heritage materials, carried out at 22 keV on the D2AM beamline at the ESRF. Their signal-to-noise ratio is excellent (1000/1) and allows the detection thresholds of the measurements (from 3–1% to 0.1%) to detect minor phases in the studies of `real' heterogeneous materials to be drastically improved.
The roles of supervisor support, employee engagement and internal communication in performance: a social exchange perspective
Authors: Imam Hassan , Sahi Anu , Farasat Mobina
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Organizations generally seek to achieve higher productivity and performance from employees but leave out the vital roles of engagement and communication. Employees' role at the micro, meso and macro levels cannot be ignored in organizational growth. However, the question remains: how to engage employees to reap performance benefits? This study examines how leaders' support and communication increase subordinates' engagement and performance by applying social exchange theory (SET).

Design/methodology/approach

Dyadic data of 249 full-time (middle-level) employees and their leaders were collected from the Indian automobile sector through a survey. After achieving the goodness-of-fit indices, the hypothesized framework was analyzed.

Findings

The authors found that employees who perceived support from their leaders were engaged, which consequently adds to their performance. Similarly, the results of moderation analysis highlighted that internal communication is a crucial factor in engagement.

Practical implications

By measuring employee engagement across three dimensions (cognitive, emotional, and physical), this study adds to the business communication literature and calls attention to human resource professionals to update the organization's policies to enable managers to engage their subordinates for better performance. Organizational development specialists can improve internal communication, which further enhances the relationship between leaders' support and engagement.

Originality/value

This study advanced the literature by discussing the marginally discussed role of internal communication in the nexus of engagement–performance. Additionally, this study contributes to our understanding of the engagement–performance nexus as an outcome of leadership.
The demand hierarchy of the government and investors in PPP projects
Authors: Liu Jiaqi , Liu Jicai
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to determine the demand category and level of government and investors in public–private partnership (PPP) projects. It emphasizes the importance of meeting the demands of stakeholders and controlling the unreasonable demands. This study aims to improve the demand management of stakeholders in the PPP project and lay a foundation for the research on behavior based on the motivation theory.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper opted for a questionnaire survey to collect data based on indicators identified through literature. The participants come from the government and private sector (investors, contractors, operators, etc.) in China PPP Lecture Hall. The reliability, validity and variance analyses are used to test the reliability of data. Factor analysis and entropy method are used to determine demand categories and weights.

Findings

The government’s 14 demands are divided into four groups: satisfy public activities, self-interest, responsibility and relief financial pressure; 6 investor's demands are divided into development ability and satisfy social activities. The self-interest of government is higher than that of the publicity in PPP projects; investor's social reputation is most important, it is a foundation for obtaining external resources and achieving enterprise development.

Research limitations/implications

Because of the chosen research approach, the demand indexes cannot be exhausted. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to enrich relevant contents further.

Practical implications

This paper includes implications for a targeted demand control mechanism and for managing the unreasonable demand.

Originality/value

This paper comprehensively identifies the demand hierarchy of the government and investors, and provides the theoretical basis for the target management of stakeholders.
Linking empowering leadership to work-related well-being and project citizenship behavior in the construction context: a self-determination perspective
Authors: Zhang Ziyao , Ni Guodong , Lin Han , Li Zongbo , Zhou Zhipeng
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the relationships between empowering leadership, basic psychological needs satisfaction, work-related well-being, and project citizenship behavior.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing upon the self-determination theory (SDT), a conceptual model was developed and then empirically tested using a cross-sectional survey of 435 project members in Chinese construction projects.

Findings

The results fully support the research hypotheses proposed in the study, illustrating the positive impacts of empowering leadership on work-related well-being and project citizenship behavior, the mediating role of basic psychological needs satisfaction, and the positive association between work-related well-being and project citizenship behavior.

Practical implications

This research determines the utility of empowering leadership in the context of construction projects, especially in enhancing individual outcomes (i.e. work-related well-being and project citizenship behavior). Therefore, construction project managers can apply empowering leadership to meet the basic psychological needs of subordinates to increase project members' work-related well-being and project citizenship behavior.

Originality/value

To our knowledge, the present study first explores the micro-level impacts of empowering leadership in the construction context. Additionally, this study enriches the understanding of the mediating mechanism between empowering leadership and individual outcomes from a self-determination perspective.
Mitigating tensions between ethics and aesthetics through community-led adaptive heritage reuse: the case of post-industrial Praga, Warsaw
Authors: van Knippenberg Karim , Boonstra Beitske
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Heritage reuse, in which the aesthetics of heritage play a leading role, often leads to extreme commodification of heritage, place branding, gentrification and the exclusion of many narratives and voices. In order to understand how such processes of erosion and estrangement between heritage and local communities can be countered, while still redeveloping heritage buildings for contemporary urban needs, this paper explores with what kind of practices and heritage approaches these tensions can be mitigated, learning from recent experiences in Praga district.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on qualitative semi-structured interviews in a case study of a living lab of ongoing heritage reuse practice in Praga district in the city of Warsaw, Poland, the authors identify practices and approaches that can help to overcome tensions between the ethics and aesthetics of heritage reuse.

Findings

In rapidly changing district like Praga, local communities and others are struggling to compete process of change that impact their heritage, and the engagement with it. Although the local community is quite active in addressing various urban challenges and preserving the character of Praga including heritage elements, the conditions under which these community-led heritage reuse practices operate are quite impactful, as it appears that cooperation with local institutions is vital in order to embed community-led heritage reuse practices to overcome the tensions between ethics and aesthetics of heritage reuse.

Originality/value

This paper presents an in-depth analysis of a living lab of community-led heritage reuse. As such, the paper highlights various practices of community organizations and citizen initiatives that address heritage reuse, as well as the conditions under which these initiatives operate.
Normative telecommuting: the effects of group composition and task interdependence on telecommuter and non-telecommuter performance
Authors: Podolsky Mark , Ducharme Mary Jo , McIntyre Christa
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This study examines whether group-level homogeneity in telecommuting status is associated with performance differences between teleworkers and non-teleworkers at the individual level. The authors further investigate the impact of group-level task interdependence on this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

A group of 225 employees in 41 work groups were surveyed, and employee performance data from the organization was used. A multilevel perspective was used to examine the influence of normative telecommuting on individual performance.

Findings

It was found that while performance differences between telecommuters and non-telecommuters in mixed groups favor non-telecommuters, those differences become non-significant as the proportion of telecommuters increases. Results further show that when group task interdependence is low, there are no performance differences between telecommuters and non-telecommuters. When group task interdependence is high, telecommuters perform better as the proportion of telecommuters in the group increases.

Research limitations/implications

Future studies should examine the group norms that are formed in predominantly telecommuting groups that support successful telecommuting outcomes.

Practical implications

Telecommuters perform better in groups with proportionally more telecommuters, even when task interdependence is high.

Originality/value

This study furthers our understanding around how telecommuting can be managed at the group level to maximize performance potential.
Optimising camera trap surveys for the Carpentarian Pseudantechinus (Pseudantechinus mimulus) in northwest Queensland
Authors: Barnes Jarrad C. , Sanders Mark G. , Burnett Scott E.
Published: November 2022

The Carpentarian Pseudantechinus (Pseudantechinus mimulus) is a poorly studied dasyurid marsupial that inhabits rocky outcrops in the Mount Isa Inlier bioregion in Queensland and the Gulf Coastal and Gulf Fall and Uplands bioregions in the Northern Territory. It is readily detected by passive infrared triggered camera traps (‘camera traps’). Camera trap data can be used to develop detection probability estimates from which activity patterns can be inferred, but no effort has previously been made to determine changes in the detectability of P. mimulus throughout the year. We undertook a 13‐month baited camera trap survey across nine sampling periods at 60 locations of known historic presence or nearby suitable habitat to assess the change in detection rates and detection probabilities of P. mimulus across a year. Detection probabilities were calculated from camera trap data within a single‐species, multi‐season occupancy framework to determine optimal survey timing. Detection probability data were used to calculate the likelihood of false absences to determine optimal survey duration. We recorded 2493 detections of P. mimulus over 10 966 camera days. Detection probability ranged from 0.009 to 0.179 and was significantly higher from April to October than from November to March. The likelihood of false absences varied by sampling period and desired level of confidence. We find that camera trap surveys for P. mimulus are best conducted from April to October, but optimal survey duration is dependent upon the time of year and desired level of confidence that an observed absence from a given site reflects a true absence at that site. Attaining a minimum of 80% confidence of absence requires as few as 9 days of survey effort in May to 16 days of survey effort in October.
Syn‐depositional halokinesis in the Zechstein Supergroup (Lopingian) controls Triassic minibasin genesis and location
Authors: Joffe Amir , Jackson Christopher A.‐L. , Pichel Leonardo M.
Published: November 2022

Salt tectonics is typically caused by the flow of mobile evaporites in response to post‐depositional gravity gliding and/or differential loading by overburden sediments. This situation is considerably more complex near the margins of salt basins, where carbonate and clastic rocks may be deposited at the same time as and be interbedded with more mobile, evaporitic strata. In these cases, syn‐depositional salt flow may occur due to density differences in the deposited lithologies, although our understanding of this and related processes is relatively poor. We here use 3D seismic reflection and borehole data from the Devil's Hole Horst, West Central Shelf, offshore UK to understand the genesis, geometry, and kinematic evolution of intra‐Zechstein Supergroup (Lopingian) minibasins and their effect on post‐depositional salt deformation. We show that immobile, pinnacle‐to‐barrier‐like, carbonate build‐ups and anhydrite are largely restricted to intra‐basin highs, whereas mobile halite, which flowed to form large diapirs, dominates in the deep basin. At the transition between the intra‐basin highs and the deep basin, a belt of intra‐Zechstein minibasins occurs, forming due to the subsidence of relatively dense anhydrite into underlying halite. Depending on primary halite thickness, these intra‐Zechstein minibasins created topographic lows, dictating where Triassic minibasins subsequently nucleated and down‐built. Our study refines the original depositional model for the Zechstein Supergroup in the Central North Sea, with the results also helping us better understand the style and distribution of syn‐depositional salt flow within other layered evaporitic sequences and the role intra‐salt heterogeneity and related deformation may have in the associated petroleum plays.