bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is there enough room for non-invasive ventilation in pulmonary rehabilitation?
Authors: Ciobanu Laura
Published: August 2021

Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a non-pharmacological intervention addressed to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and non-COPD chronic respiratory patients, a key management strategy scientifically demonstrated to improve exercise capacity, dyspnoea, health status and psychological wellbeing. The main body of literature comes from COPD patients, as they provide the core evidence for PR programmes. PR is recommended even to severe patients having chronic respiratory failure; their significant psychological impairment and potential for greater instability during the PR programme will be carefully considered by the multidisciplinary team. Optimizing medical management (e g, inhaled bronchodilators, oxygen therapy, non- invasive ventilation) may enhance the results of exercise training. Patients who already receive long-term domiciliary non- invasive ventilation (NIV) for chronic respiratory failure might exercise with NIV during exercise training if acceptable and tolerable to the patient. It is not advisable to offer long-term domiciliary NIV with the only aim to improve outcomes during PR course. There are different attempts to use both negative and positive NIV in limited clinical studies. Long-term adherence to exercise is an important goal of PR programmes and teams, targeting to translate all-domain gains of PR into increased physical activity and participation to real life. Being a reliable alternative for the future, studies should focus on pressure regimens, type of devices, acceptability and portability for everyday activities.
The CO2 level as a factor stimulating angiogenesis Phenomena of tissue regeneration and destruction
Authors: Pawlikowski Maciej
Published: August 2021

The regeneration of vessels and their development occur in places of their destruction. This phenomenon suggests that the destruction process itself stimulates vascular development and entails tissue healing and self-repair. Understanding the phenomena of self-repair is extremely important in the process of restoring tissues and organs to the proper functioning of individual organs and the entire body. Therefore, the recognition of angiogenesis processes seems to be the key in the treatment of many diseases.
Deep learning for classification of sleep EEG data during the epidemic of Coronavirus Disease
Authors: Zhao Bin
Published: August 2021

Sleep is an important part of the body's recuperation and energy accumulation, and the quality of sleep also has a significant impact on people's physical and mental state during the epidemic of Coronavirus Disease. It has attracted increasing attention how to improve the quality of sleep and reduce the impact of sleep related diseases on health. The electroencephalogram (EEG) signals collected during sleep belong to spontaneous EEG signals. Spontaneous sleep EEG signals can reflect the body own changes, which is also an important basis for diagnosis and treatment of related diseases. Therefore, the establishment of an effective model for classifying sleep EEG signals is an important auxiliary tool for evaluating sleep.
The Significant and Profound Impacts of Gordon Life Science Institute
Authors: Chou Kuo-Chen
Published: August 2021

The “Gordon Life Science” or “GLS” Institute is the first Internet Institute in the world. Established by Prof. Dr. Kuo-Chen Chou in 2003, right after he was retired from “Pfizer Global Research and Development” in San Diego, California. There is a very interesting story for the name of Institute as elaborated below. After the “gangs of four” (including Mao Zedong's wife) was smashed and the complete failure of Mao “Cultural Revolution”, China was under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping, who took the policy of “韬光养晦”starting to open China’s door, the founder was invited by Professor Sture Forsén, the then “Chairman of Nobel Prize Committee”, to work in Chemical Center of Lund University as a Visiting Professor. It was very difficult for Swedish people to pronounce “Kuo-Chen Chou”. In order for his colleagues and friends there easier to pronounce his name, Professor Chou used “Gordon” as his name in Sweden. In 2003, about a quarter of century later, the same name was used for the Institute, meaning that Deng’s “韬光养晦” policy can stimulate a lot of great creativities.
Individuals' Expectations Once Coronavirus Vaccine Successful and Available in Saudi Society
Authors: M. Sabra Sherifa Mostafa
Published: August 2021

This paper was for "Individuals' Expectations Once Coronavirus Vaccine (CVV) Successful and Available in Saudi Society (SS)". The aim was for review community member's opinion importance during the Coronavirus pandemic (CVP), obtaining Coronavirus infection (CVI) protection, thereby reducing CVI, protection, and maintaining the public health (PH) in SS, that used as survey by questionnaire in SS. The results showed all participating < 20*yr were 40% and > 20yr were 60%, the women were 50% equal to men 50% participating. The participants 85.5% stated about the difficulty of the CVP period. It was 83.5% of the participants agreed prefer a CVV if it is available. That cleared 38.5% agreed on the presence of the CVV for protection a period of six months only. That was 72.5% they want and prefer for the protection of the CVV be for a period of one year. So appeared 52.5% agreed to buy the vaccine from his own money. It was 85.5% of the participants confirmed to protect family members by using the CVV if it is available; also 85.5% strongly affirm that individual members of SS must take the CVV, if it is available. That presented 47.5% of the participants confirmed the use of the CVV if it is available and even if it had side effects. That concluded CVV presence important for individuals to CVI protect and affect life in SS. Recommended the CVV important to protect against CVI and must be dealt with when its quality and use in SS and worldwide.
Recent Studies on Biotechnological Roles of Pleurotus spp
Authors: Chaurasia Pankaj
Published: August 2021

Pleurotus fungi are one of the biotechnologically treasured fungi may also be known as oyster or tree mushrooms. Pleurotus ostreatus is a widely used oyster mushroom. Edible mushrooms of this category are generally known for their significant roles in the various field of biotechnology like in food industries, bioremediation, enzyme production, medicinal biotechnology, bioengineering and so on. They have various biotechnologically valuable applications as promising bioremediation, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancerous, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, and nematocidal and many more. This short review describes about the recent studies (year 2020) on the biotechnological applications of Pleurotus spp.
COVID-19 Pandemic, Disparity and Vaccine: An Update
Authors: Mandal Prabir , Mandal Anita
Published: August 2021

Coronaviruses are a diverse group of viruses infecting many different animals, and they can cause mild to severe respiratory infections in humans. In 2002 and 2012, respectively, two highly pathogenic coronaviruses with zoonotic origin, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), emerged in humans and caused fatal respiratory illness, making emerging coronaviruses a new public health concern in the twenty-first century1. In early December 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), occurred in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. On January 30, 2020 the World Health Organization declared the outbreak as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. As of February 14, 2020, 49,053 laboratory-confirmed and 1,381 deaths have been reported globally.
Elimination Virulent-pathogenic-biofilm Bacteria Using Highland-wild Salvia officinalis Preserve Bacterial-infection-control
Authors: Sabra Sherifa
Published: August 2021

This work for this title "Elimination Virulent-pathogenic-biofilm (VPB) Bacteria Using Highland-wild (HLW) Salvia officinalis (S. officinalis) Preserve Bacterial-infection-control (BIC)"; the aim was to prove the importance of HLW S. officinalis extracts have therapeutic herbal importance. Through its effected on the isolated VPB bacteria caused infection diseases that may preserve BIC for individuals, which proved the effectiveness of the HLW S. officinalis daily use or therapeutic use. S. officinalis specimens were collected during the flowering period from HLW, Taif, KSA. Essential oils (EOs) were equipped and biofilms preparation, then laboratory methods deputy for anti-biofilms formation activity and biofilms elimination activity, finally biofilms metabolic grades measurement. The bacterial metabolic grades of anti-biofilms formation activity showed the HLW S. officinalis EOs extracts eliminated VPB bacteria and effects were greater. Anywhere Staphylococcous aureus (S. aureus) and Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes) were eliminated until 60 hours. While Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) was eliminated at 72 hours. The bacterial metabolic grades of biofilms elimination activity found the HLW S. officinalis EOs extracts eliminated within 8 hours (S. aureus and S. pyogenes), PA was to 10 hours. Concluded the HLW S. officinalis EOs extracts had proven its ability to eliminate VPB bacteria, and from that, it proven on the type used with healthy characteristics to maintain health and BIC. Recommendation: That topic recommend using the appropriate HLW S. officinalis EOs extracts for individuals daily to maintain the general health. In cases of illness, person must ask the "Specialized Physician" to determine the healthy and curative amount to use.
Highland Influence on Chronic-bacterial-prostatitis and Developing-reason of Prostate-cancer, KSA
Authors: M. Sabra Sherifa Mostafa
Published: August 2021

This work was for "Highland (HL) Influence on Chronic-bacterial-prostatitis (CBP) and Developing-reason of Prostate-cancer (PCa), KSA"; the purpose was to determine CBP percentage at HL "Taif"; and influence of location factors on CBP percentage and indication of its developing-reason to causing PCa. It may negatively affected other body organs and may reach death of males' society, affected marital and community life. Used medical methods for cases taster (CsT) from patients were diagnosed as suffered from CBP. That were used direct and indirect identification by "CHROMagar Orientation Medium", and "VITEK 2 System (BioMerieux, France)". The pathogenic bacteria were found in more than a quarter of the CsT as (26 and 29%). That were Staphylococcous aureus (Staph. aureus), Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcous epidermidis (Staph. epidermidis) and Streptococcus species (Strept. Spp) in (36.2%, 9.5%, 5.7% and 4.3%) respectively. Pathogenic bacteria Staph. aureus represented more than third of CsT. E. coli represented tenth and it was dangerous for its transmission from UT and GT easily. Staph. epidermidis was present on the skin and represented normal flora can easily contaminated. Strept. Spp represented less than tenth, can transferred to prostate tissue and cause CBP leading to PCa. Concluded the CBP infection was present in HL and had developing-reason for PCa, the conditions must followed to reduce it to prevent condition of turning into PCa. Recommended best periodic follow-up to detect CBP infection presence to protect against infection and its PCa developing-reason. Cases CBP infection must treated and PCa cases should not neglected or tolerated.
In-vitro Trial of Salvia officinalis Water-extract on Buccal-cavity-bacteria and Individual's-health-outcome at Highland
Authors: M. Sabra Sherifa Mostafa
Published: August 2021

This article was for "In-vitro Trial of Salvia officinalis Water-extract on Buccal-cavity-bacteria and Individual's-health-outcome at Highland"; the aim was an in-vitro trial carried out in highland area at "Taif" using Sage boiled water extracts with mouth swabs of healthy persons between. That to determine the extent ability to eliminate buccal cavity bacteria and the persons benefit. Official best type were sold from Pharmacies, Sage boiled water extracts were made. Mouth swabs were taken and put in Sage boiled water extracts, then were cultured at (first, third and fifth) hours. Percentage of buccal cavity bacteria eradication during in-vitro trial found, ranging from the three quarters to the total eradication within 3 hours, were 35%, 100% were eradication within 3 hours and represented 65%, 75% of eradicated. Mean percentage of buccal cavity bacteria eradication during in-vitro trial, eradication speeds were from 70-100% represented by 40%, proved the speed of eradication quickly in a very short time, rate from 40-70%, represented by 60%. Mean percent of buccal cavity bacteria eradication according to hour during in-vitro experiment; the eradication speed were in the first hour about half of the eradication were 43.8%, the second hour was 72.5%, and the third hour approached 83.8%. That concluded the Sage boiled water extracts had an effects on the buccal cavity bacteria and a positive effect to reduce buccal cavity bacteria and reduce pathogen infection as an individual's health outcome. That recommend the importance of the Sage boiled water extracts and it can used daily to prevent diseases.
Usages of Salvia officinalis Boiled Water Extract for Pathogenic Escherichia coli Exclusion at Elevated Region
Authors: Sabra Sherifa
Published: August 2021

The aim was for tryout using daily regular Salvia officinalis boiled water extracts in "Arab and Saudi Society", especially at elevated region "Taif". That to prove its ability for pathogenic Escherichia coli exclusion and had antibiotic resistance. This could prove strength of chemical content and adherence of "Arab People" to use as regular and daily to stabilize body health and protect against pathogenic bacteria. Salvia officinalis was purchased from pharmacy at "Taif" and boiled water extract was made. Pathogenic Escherichia coli was obtained from a "Licensed Health Center"; culture was made and suspensions. Tryout by boiled water extract were added to bacterial suspension and then were kept in incubator. The samples were taken at hours (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 and 19); were cultured and were kept for 48 hours at 37 °C. The exclusion percent's had determined, Escherichia coli exclusion mean percentages rose 5% at third hour and then increased 7% at fifth hour and at ninth hour was 8%. Then it decreased at the eleventh hour and thirteenth hour (2% and 3%), then rose at the fifteenth hour 10%. It decreased 5% at the seventeenth hour, and then returned and rose at the nineteenth hour 12%. It was concluded Salvia officinalis boiled water extracts effects on pathogenic Escherichia coli exclusion was found during one growth bacteria cycle, indicated the characteristics of chemical contents and good daily habit. It was recommend continuing as "Arabian Habit" Salvia officinalis boiled water extracts for health and protection stability.
Screening, Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19 with Special Reference to African-Americans
Authors: Mandal Prabir , Mandal Anita , Islam Noor , Okafor Benjamin
Published: August 2021

Viruses mutate all the time, and the coronavirus that causes COVID-19 is no exception. As new variants of the COVID-19 emerge, a slew of new studies suggest that some may be able to evade immune responses triggered by a previous infection or by a vaccine. The novel variants of SARS-CoV-2 including those seen in the UK (2OI/5O1Y.V1/B.1.1.7), South Africa (2OH/5O1Y.V2/B.1.351), Brazil (P.1/2OJ/5O1Y.V3/B.1.1.248) have emerged with the concern of increased infectivity and virulence. Scientists are working to learn more about the characteristics of these strains whether they could cause more severe illness, and whether currently authorized vaccines will protect people against them. All viruses naturally mutate and evolve over time. For example, flu virus change often, which is why doctors recommend that you get a flu shot every year. Various mRNA vaccine platforms have been developed in recent years and validated in studies of immunogenicity and efficacy.
Menstrual Blood Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Boon in Therapeutics
Authors: Gupta PD , Pushkala K.
Published: August 2021

Stem cell therapy gained momentum for the past three decades in therapeutics. Alternative strategies are indispensable for the treatment of many diseases in the present scenario due to side effects of synthetic chemicals as drugs. Mesenchymal cells of different origin have been in use with good results, though ethical issues and limited availability is a drawback. Novel menstrual blood mesenchymal stems cells prove to be a wealth out of waste is a boon in therapeutics. In this review we bring a bird’s eye view of different diseases treated with menstrual blood mesenchymal stem cells with positive results. Evolution in the use of these cells more and more will be a big relief to many who suffer with side effects of drugs.
Promotion Saudi-Customs Using Coleus forskohlii L., Via In-Vitro Water-extract on Human-pathogenic-bacteria, Ranyah-region
Authors: M. Sabra Sherifa Mostafa , M. Ismail Afaf Bushara
Published: August 2021

Background: Coleus forskohlii plant called in KSA (Al-Shar or Aspane Zattar), it discovery nearly at western south area, KSA. It contained flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, steroids, saponins, and sugars. The essential oil had crucial result against human-pathogenic-bacteria as Bacillus Spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The aim: It was the first time in Ranyah-region, KSA for proving and supporting the ancient Saudi-customs using Coleus forskohlii plant boiled-water-extract to protect person-health from human-bacterial-diseases and to consider as medicinal plant that easy getting, cheep and grows mostly in the southwestern region, KSA. Materials and Methods: Coleus forskohlii plant were collected from Ranyah-region, KSA, to powder obtaining. The identified human-pathogenic-bacteria were obtained via the laboratory from diagnosed infected human cases. The bacterial suspension were added to boiled-water-extract, were followed up the bacterial growth. Results: The average dry cell weight estimation showed Pseudomonas aeruginosa stayed for 50 hour, Klebsiella pneumoniae 45 hour and Escherichia coli 40 hour. Staphylococcous aureus remained alive for 35 hour, Bacillus Spp., 30 hour. The average membrane filter estimation was found Escherichia coli did not give a large number of colonies at 40 hours, Klebsiella pneumoniae stopped producing colonies till 45 hours and Pseudomonas aeruginosa persisted until 50 hour. Conclusions: It was concluded that the Coleus forskohlii plant boiled-water-extract eliminated human-pathogenic-bacteria, as the ancient Saudi-customs were based on its use for the person-health and its adoption as a medicinal plant. Recommendations: It was recommend that the plant considering as a Saudi medicinal plant and using daily to maintain the person-health.
Исследование остаточных сварочных напряжений при подводной мокрой сварке низколегированной стали с применением магнитоанизотропного и рентгенодифрактометрического метода
Authors: Никулин В.Е. , Паршин С.Г. , Левченко А.М.
Published: August 2021

The present study possibility of assessing residual welding stresses using magnetoanisotropic and X-ray diffractometric methods. Using the method of magnetic anisotropy approve of inhomogeneity of residual stresses in specimens with surfacing made by flux-cored wire and covered electrode in air and underwater has been revealed. The use of two nondestructive testing methods made it possible to determine and compare the values of residual welding stresses.
The Effects of Social Media News on Human Psychology: A Narrative Literature Review
Authors:   North-West University, Ebere Chukwuere Joshua , Chinazor Joshua Chukwuere Goodness
Published: August 2021

This paper analysed the effect of social media news on human psychology during pandemic outbreaks by applying narrative literature review procedures. Social media is an online platform whereby people interact and share vital information, including human health issues. Health organisations, workers, and individuals use social media platforms on Websites 2.0 such as WhatsApp, Skype, Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, and many others to communicate and share health information with the public. Web 2.0 intensified user-generated content over the Internet, while 3.0 revolutionised information sharing in making the world information-oriented. Social media platforms such as Web 2.0 and 3.0 continually nourish the human mind and thoughts with positive and negative news during pandemic outbreaks. The absorbed nourishments affect human psychology positively or negatively. To achieve the aim of this paper, a narrative literature review (NLR) was deployed in evaluating some academic literature documents in seeking to understand the effects of social media news on human psychosocial well-being. This paper revealed an insightful positive effect of social media news on human psychology during pandemic outbreaks, in stimulating the human mind and creating a positive action and feeling. At the same time, the negative effects of social media news create fears, anxiety, tension, panic, and many others in the users‘ minds during the health crisis period.
Heroes and Heroines in Zimbabwean Fiction
Authors:   Midlands State University, Zimbabwe, Chidora Tanaka
Published: August 2021

This paper was developed from a talk that I gave on heroes and heroines in Zimbabwean fiction at the now defunct Book Café in Harare, Zimbabwe. By the time they invited me, my hosts had already come up with a clearly demarcated guideline of who heroes and heroines are, and connected these heroes and heroines to what they called 'revered' values of 'our' society. My response was not to follow that template, but to create a separate deconstructionist taxonomy that questioned such an assumption. This deconstructionist adventure was based on the belief that heroes/heroines are not the same for everyone, especially in a post-independence Zimbabwean society characterised by conditions that are far removed from the promises of independence. Thus, in a country whose independence has been postponed because of various factors, including a leadership whose form of governance involves violence against its citizens in the name of protecting them, a monolithic view of heroes/heroines and revered values needs to be interrogated. Zimbabwean literature offers an inventory that refuses to pander to my hosts' template, and it is this inventory that I used to question the assumption that Zimbabwe was one, huge, happy and united national family because based on its many literary texts, what we have is a dystopian family still trying to find its way and define its heroes/heroines.
Intra-Gender Complicity and the Objectification of Woman in Djebar’s A Sister to Scheherazade
Authors:   Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria, Hunsu Folasade
Published: August 2021

This paper considers the inhuman treatment women mete to fellow women using the character representation in A Sister to Scheherazade. It attempts to establish that women contribute greatly to their own oppression in the society by critically analyzing the actions of women characters in the narration. S. L. Barky's explication on the idea of objectification is employed to explain the relationship between female characters in the primary text and to establish the spur of oppression in the text, and by implication, identify the oppressors; whereas Patricia H. Collins's concept of binary thinking is used to describe the intentions of the identified oppressors. The analysis of the primary text reveals various needs of the major characters and how they attempt to achieve such needs of theirs by giving up the protagonist. It reveals further that the deeds of the major female characters in the primary text are the reasons the protagonist suffers. The paper, therefore, concludes that as in the case of the protagonist in the text, the objectified is not only used as a means to an end but is a victim of collective and intra-gender oppression.
Postcolonial Identities in Dinaw Mengestu’s Literary Chronotope
Authors:   Kenyatta University, Kenya, Mogire Alice , Makokha Justus , Macharia Oscar
Published: August 2021

The critical discussion in this article is on postcolonial identities and it centres on Dinaw Mengestu's novels Children of the Revolution and All Our Names. It is contended that the term postcolonial identities is taken to mean the awareness of the subaltern as they try to negotiate who they are within the chronotopic hybridized African space in the postcolonial context. In the epigraph above, Gayatri Spivak describes the culturally oppressed, the subaltern, as having neither antiquity nor ability for speech due to the milieu of colonial production in which they operate. Important for the study, history and speech happen in time-space. Therefore, the identities of the subaltern, which Spivak associates to history and speech, come into being in the novel through fusion of time-space indicators. Cued by Spivak’s unique assertion, how Mengestu’s Children of the Revolution and All Our Names address themselves to postcolonial identities through fusion of time-space indicators is the central concern of this paper.
The Effectiveness of the Social Distancing Movement to Reduce the Spread of COVID-19
Authors:   Universitas Dhyana Pura, Utama I Gusti Bagus Rai
Published: August 2021

This research was conducted accidentally which included 109 respondents. Data collection was carried out by survey using an online question instrument (google form) distributed on various social media. The level of effectiveness in the form of social distancing to address the development of information related to COVID-19 is effective in reducing the rampant transmission of COVID-19 through human relations by humans by 82%. The relationship between the respondent's work and the impact of the pandemic COVID-19 on the work of the respondent statistically using the Chi-Square Test were not significant. The relationship between the respondent's work and the impact of the pandemic COVID-19 on work from home has been shown to have a significant effect. The relationship between respondents’ work and the impact of the pandemic COVID-19 on out-of-town travel had no significant effect. Relationship between respondents' work and the impact of the pandemic COVID-19 on meetings and meetings did not have a significant effect the relationship between Respondent's Work and the Impact of the pandemic COVID-19 on work activities proved to have a significant effect. The relationship between respondents’ work and the impact of the pandemic COVID-19 on meetings with consumers had no significant effect.
Social Stigma of COVID-19: A Semiotic Analysis of WHO Campaign Posters
Authors:   Universitas Padjadjaran, Nugraha Intan Siti
Published: August 2021

COVID-19 has been reported to be risen in numbers of infected cases and deaths. The massive report by media and social network which focus on the spreading and infection may affect not only physical health but also individual’s and general population’s mental health, isolation and stigma. To eradicate COVID-19-related stigma and discrimination perpetuated by both individual and group of people, WHO exhibits some anti-stigma campaign posters. This study employs qualitative method to acquire deep investigation of meaning and to involve the social context. Thus, by using Roland Barthes’s semiotic approach, analyzing signifiers and signifieds, this study was aimed to unmask both denotative and connotative meanings of the stigma embed within the six health campaign posters of COVID-19 by Southeast Asia WHO. The analysis was focused not only on the verbal sign of posters (linguistic text), but also its relation to their visual sign (imagery messages). From the analysis of the two sign systems of posters, the result shows that the six posters connote acts of discriminatory behaviours, stigmatization, stereotype and blaming. Through the posters, WHO propagates people to work together to fight COVID-19 and to bring out the best humanity, to have better awareness and positive attitudes and appeals governments, citizens, media, key influencers of communities to have a role in preventing and to stop stigma surrounding in South-Asia and specifically in Indonesia which becomes the target of the poster viewers during the pandemic. Those messages are connoted through different font colors and sizes and the illustration on each poster.
La ingeniería: motor de la ciencia
Authors:   Universidad Mariana, Zuleta Medina Alejandra
Published: August 2021

El evento que da vida al presente libro, el I Congreso Internacional en Ciencia e Ingeniería (CICI) se desarrolló entre el 18 y 20 de noviembre de 2020 de manera virtual, fue organizado por la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad Mariana con sus programas de: Ingeniería Ambiental, Ingeniería Civil, Ingeniería de Procesos, Ingeniería Mecatrónica e Ingeniería de Sistemas. El congreso nació y creció durante la “inesperada” pandemia, la cual ha arrebatado mucho, no obstante, para las ingenieras e ingenieros, quienes siempre piensan en soluciones para todos los problemas, también se ha convertido en un reto. El I CICI es una muestra de ello; organizado completamente virtual, gracias a las maravillosas telecomunicaciones, la red de internet, los dispositivos físicos y lógicos, que hacen que el mundo esté conectado, pese a la desconexión social causada por un virus. Es posible preguntarse ¿por qué el Congreso se enfocó en Ciencia e Ingeniería? En aras de responder, debe recordarse que la etimología concede a los profesionales del área, el “ingenio en la manera de producir”. Por tanto, ellas y ellos se convierten en los científicos del progreso y las llaves que abren las puertas de todas las áreas del saber, ayudan a la humanidad a superar barreras mediante su pasión por la eficiencia. En virtud de lo anterior, después de un largo y riguroso proceso de selección, se aceptaron 67 trabajos investigativos para presentarse como ponencias durante los días del evento. Las presentaciones se realizaron en las siguientes líneas temáticas: • Ambiente y desarrollo sostenible. • Diseño construcción de obras de infraestructura para el desarrollo urbano y rural. • Gestión de procesos. • Sistemas mecatrónicos. • Ciencias de la computación e informática. • Enseñanza en ingeniería. • Ingeniería y Covid-19. Durante el evento se demostró cómo en las Facultades de Ingeniería se crean métodos y estrategias para la preservación de los recursos medio ambientales, se programa el futuro, se diseña estructuras y obras seguras, se automatizan prototipos y optimizan los procesos. Así las cosas, el libro presenta un total de 13 capítulos, producto de las ponencias mejor evaluadas por cada una de las áreas. Esta iniciativa fortalece los procesos de producción de conocimiento, investigación y generación de ciencia en la Universidad Mariana y en todos los lugares en los cuales fue recibida la invitación, que se miró evidenciada en la extensa programación del Congreso. Finalmente, se motiva a niñas, niños y adolescentes a conocer el asombroso cosmos de la Ingeniería, porque pese a todas las bondades de la profesión, Colombia y el mundo aún necesitan más estudiantes de Ingeniería e ingenieros(as) graduados. Por: Alejandra Zuleta Medina
Discordance in clinical versus pathological staging in breast cancer: Are we undermining the significance of accurate preoperative staging in the present era?
Authors: Goyal Shina , Jacob Linu Abraham , Lokanatha D. , Suresh Babu M.C. , Lokesh K.N. , Rudresha A.H. , Saldanha Smitha , Amirtham Usha , Thottian Antony G.F. , Rajeev L.K.
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND: The present era of individualized treatment for breast cancer is influenced by the initial disease status including the anatomical extent, grade, and receptor status. An accurate preoperative staging is the basis of treatment planning and prognostication. Our study aims to determine the discordance between the preoperative clinical and the postoperative pathological stages of breast cancer patients. METHODOLOGY: The medical records of all non-metastatic breast cancer patients from January 2017 to December 2018 who underwent upfront surgery were reviewed. They were staged as per the eighth AJCC and the concordance between the clinical (c) and pathological T (tumor), N (nodal), and final AJCC stage was studied. A Chi-square test was used to determine factors that significantly correlate with disease discordance. RESULTS: A total of 307 breast cancer patients were analyzed. Among these, 43.3% were hormone receptor-positive, 30.6% were Her2 positive and 26% were triple-negative. Overall stage discordance was seen in 48.5% (n = 149) patients (upstaging in 22.1%, downstaging in 26.4%). The discordance rate was 48.9% for T stage (cT versus pT) and 57.4% for N stage (cN versus pN). Among patients with clinically node-negative disease, 53.4% were found to have positive nodes on histopathology, while 27.2% had vice versa. Overall, the factors associated with upstaging were ER-positive, Her2 positive and triple-negative status (all p < 0.05), while none of the factors showed significant association with downstaging. CONCLUSIONS: About half of breast cancer patients had discordance between clinical and pathological staging with higher discordance in the nodal stage. This changes the disease prognosis, and may also affect the offered surgical treatment and radiotherapy. Thus highlighting the need for a precise pre-operative staging. Also, this information will aid clinicians in discussions with patients, keeping in mind the likelihood of change in disease staging and management.
Aggressive malignant phyllodes tumor of breast with omental metastases – A case report
Authors: Rajkrishna B. , Balakrishnan Rajesh , Raam Mithun , Santhosh Raj A. , Sebastian Patricia , Selvamani B.
Published: August 2021

Distant metastasis from malignant Phyllodes tumour (PT) is rare. They generally metastasize to the lung, bone, pleura, and liver. We present a very rare case of a 25-year-old woman with intraabdominal metastases from malignant phyllodes tumour of the breast. She presented with left breast lump and the biopsy was Phyllodes tumour. She underwent a two staged surgery; left modified radical mastectomy followed by left latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap cover. She received adjuvant radiation therapy to left chest wall. Following which she developed intrabdominal mass which was proven to be metastasis from Phyllodes tumour. She was then advised palliative chemotherapy. Malignant Phyllodes with distant metastases has a dismal prognosis. We propose it is preferable to have a CT Thorax and Abdomen as a staging workup for patients with malignant PT to identify those with poor prognosis.
Complementary imaging of ultrasound and PET/CT: A new opportunity?
Authors: Rennert Janine , Grosse Jirka , Einspieler Ingo , Bäumler Wolf , Stroszczynski Christian , Jung Ernst Michael
Published: August 2021

AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of complementary imaging of high-resolution ultrasound including CEUS with PET/CT for tissue characterization and tumor detection. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 100 patients were examined with PET/CT and US/CEUS between January 2018 until February 2020. All patients underwent PET/CT followed by selective US/CEUS within 4 weeks. Comparison regarding concordant or diverging findings in PET/CT and US. Analysis of the differences concerning the lesions number of found by PET/CT and US/CEUS or the possibility of a secured diagnosis following ultrasound causing therapeutic changes. RESULTS: Diverging findings regarding the number of liver lesions in PET/CT and CEUS were found in 35 out of 64 patients (54%). Regarding renal lesions, a more definite diagnosis following ultrasound, causing a change of therapeutic approach, was achieved in 89%. Concordant results in PET/CT and US were found in 83% of patients with splenic and nodal findings. In 78% of patients with increased musculoskeletal or soft tissue tracer uptake, US was able to make a secured diagnosis with therapeutic changes. CONCLUSION: The present results indicate a strong benefit of complementary imaging of PET/CT and selective, high-resolution ultrasound especially in patients with liver, renal and musculoskeletal or soft tissue findings.
Alzheimer’s Disease-Related Neuropathology Among Patients with Medication Treated Type 2 Diabetes in a Community-Based Autopsy Cohort
Authors: Barthold Douglas , Gibbons Laura E. , Marcum Zachary A. , Gray Shelly L. , Dirk Keene C. , Grabowski Thomas J. , Postupna Nadia , Larson Eric B. , Crane Paul K.
Published: August 2021

Background: Diabetes is a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). Epidemiologic evidence shows an association between diabetes medications and ADRD risk; cell and mouse models show diabetes medication association with AD-related neuropathologic change (ADNC). Objective: This hypothesis-generating analysis aimed to describe autopsy-measured ADNC for individuals who used diabetes medications. Methods: Descriptive analysis of ADNC for Adult Changes in Thought (ACT) Study autopsy cohort who used diabetes medications, including sulfonylureas, insulin, and biguanides; total N = 118. ADNC included amyloid plaque distribution (Thal phasing), neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) distribution (Braak stage), and cortical neuritic plaque density (CERAD score). We also examined quantitative measures of ADNC using the means of standardized Histelide measures of cortical PHF-tau and Aβ1–42. Adjusted analyses control for age at death, sex, education, APOE genotype, and diabetes complication severity index. Results: Adjusted analyses showed no significant association between any drug class and traditional neuropathologic measures compared to nonusers of that class. In adjusted Histelide analyses, any insulin use was associated with lower mean levels of Aβ1–42 (–0.57 (CI: –1.12, –0.02)) compared to nonusers. Five years of sulfonylureas and of biguanides use was associated with lower levels of Aβ1–42 compared to nonusers (–0.15 (CI: –0.28, –0.02), –0.31 (CI: –0.54, –0.07), respectively). Conclusion: Some evidence exists that diabetes medications are associated with lower levels of Aβ1–42, but not traditional measures of neuropathology. Future studies are needed in larger samples to build understanding of the mechanisms between diabetes, its medications, and ADRD, and to potentially repurpose existing medications for prevention or delay of ADRD.
Sex Difference in the Relation Between Marital Status and Dementia Risk in Two Population-Based Cohorts
Authors: Najar Jenna , Aakre Jeremiah A. , Vassilaki Maria , Wetterberg Hanna , Rydén Lina , Zettergren Anna , Skoog Ingmar , Jack Clifford R. , Knopman David S. , Petersen Ronald C. , Kern Silke , Mielke Michelle M.
Published: August 2021

Background: The modifying effect of sex on the relation between marital status and dementia has yet to be determined. Objective: To examine if sex modifies the association between marital status and incident dementia. Methods: Population-based samples from the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging (MCSA, N = 3,471) and the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Study (H70-study, N = 913) were used. A multiplicative interaction term was used to analyze the modifying effect of sex on the relation between marital status (married versus not married) and incident dementia using Cox regression models. Further, risk of dementia by marital status was also evaluated in models separated by sex. Results: In the MCSA, there was an interaction between marital status and sex in relation to dementia (p = 0.015). In contrast, in the H70-study, no significant interaction was observed (p = 0.28). Nevertheless, in both studies, not married men had increased risk of dementia compared to married men in models adjusted for age, education, and number of children (H70-study: 1.99; 1.06–3.76, MCSA: 1.43; 1.08–1.89). Associations remained similar after additional adjustment for depression, BMI, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus (H70-study: 2.00; 1.05–3.82, MCSA: 1.32; 0.99–1.76). Further, no significant association was observed between marital status and dementia in women (H70-study: 1.24; 0.82–1.89, MCSA: 0.82; 0.64–1.04). Conclusion: Sex had a modifying effect on the association between marital status and incident dementia. In analyses separated by sex, not married men had an increased risk of dementia compared to married men, while no significant association was observed between marital status and risk of dementia in women.
A Cost-Consequence Analysis of Different Screening Procedures in Alzheimer’s Disease: Results from the MOPEAD Project
Authors: Wimo Anders ,   Collaborators and members of the MOPEAD consortium EscherClausDepartment of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Claus.Escher@ukbonn.de) MüllerTheresaDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (theresa.mueller@uk-koeln.de) BogdanovicNenadKarolinska University Hospital, Theme Inflammation and Aging, Huddinge, Sweden (nenad.bogdanovic@sll.se) AndersenPiaKarolinska University Hospital, Belger Mark , Bon Jaka , Jessen Frank , Dumas Annette , Kramberger Milica G. , Jamilis Laura , Johansson Gunilla , Rodrigo Salas Adrián , Rodríguez Gómez Octavio , Sannemann Lena , Stoekenbroek Malou , Gurruchaga Telleria Miren , Valero Sergi , Vermunt Lisa , Waterink Lisa , Winblad Bengt , Visser Peter Jelle , Zwan Marissa , Boada Mercè
Published: August 2021

Background: For care planning and support, under-detection and late diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a great challenge. Models of Patient-Engagement for Alzheimer’s Disease (MOPEAD) is an EU-funded project aiming at testing different strategies to improve this situation. Objective: To make a cost-consequence analysis of MOPEAD. Methods: Four screening strategies were tested in five countries (Germany, the Netherlands, Slovenia, Spain, and Sweden): 1) a web-approach; 2) Open-House initiative; 3) in primary care; and 4) by diabetes specialists. Persons-at-risk of AD in all strategies were offered referral to a hospital-based specialist. The primary health-economic outcome was the cost per true-positive case (TP) of AD from the screened population. Results: Of 2,847 screened persons, 1,121 screened positive (39%), 402 were evaluated at memory clinics (14%), and 236 got an AD diagnosis (8%). The cost per TP of those screened was €3,115 with the web-approach, €2,722 with the Open-House, €1,530 in primary care, and €1,190 by diabetes specialists. Sensitivity analyses that more likely reflect the real-world situation confirmed the results. The number-needed-to-screen was 30 with the web-approach, 8 with the Open-House and primary care, and 6 with the diabetes specialists. There were country differences in terms of screening rates, referrals to memory clinics, staff-types involved, and costs per TP. Conclusion: In primary care and by the diabetes specialist, the costs per TP/screened population were lowest, but the capacity of such settings to identify cases with AD-risk must be discussed. Hence new diagnostic strategies such as web-solutions and Open-House initiatives may be valuable after modifications.
Effects of Photobiomodulation on Changes in Cognitive Function and Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Pilot Uncontrolled Trial
Authors: Baik Ji Soo , Lee Tae Young , Kim Nam Gyun , Pak Kyoungjune , Ko Sung-Hwa , Min Ji Hong , Shin Yong-Il
Published: August 2021

Background: Photobiomodulation (PBM) affects local blood flow regulation through nitric oxide generation, and various studies have reported on its effect on improving cognitive function in neurodegenerative diseases. However, the effect of PBM in the areas of the vertebral arteries (VA) and internal carotid arteries (ICA), which are the major blood-supplying arteries to the brain, has not been previously investigated. Objective: We aimed to determine whether irradiating PBM in the areas of the VA and ICA, which are the major blood-supplying arteries to the brain, improved regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and cognitive function. Methods: Fourteen patients with mild cognitive impairments were treated with PBM. Cognitive assessment and single-photon emission computed tomography were implemented at the baseline and at the end of PBM. Results: Regarding rCBF, statistically significant trends were found in the medial prefrontal cortex, lateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and occipital lateral cortex. Based on the cognitive assessments, statistically significant trends were found in overall cognitive function, memory, and frontal/executive function. Conclusion: We confirmed the possibility that PBM treatment in the VA and ICA areas could positively affect cognitive function by increasing rCBF. A study with a larger sample size is needed to validate the potential of PBM.
Red Cell Distribution Width and Dementia Among Rural-Dwelling Older Adults: The MIND-China Study
Authors: Jiang Ziying , Han Xiaolei , Wang Yongxiang , Hou Tingting , Cong Lin , Tang Shi , Han Xiaodong , Ngandu Tiia , Kivipelto Miia , Winblad Bengt , Launer Lenore J. , Du Yifeng , Qiu Chengxuan
Published: August 2021

Background: Evidence has emerged that anemia is associated with dementia, but data on the relationships of red blood cell distribution width (RDW) with dementia and cognitive function in older adults are sparse. Objective: We sought to investigate the associations of RDW with dementia and global cognitive performance among rural-dwelling Chinese older adults and further to examine their associations by anemia status. Methods: This population-based cross-sectional study included 5,115 participants (age≥65 years, 57.0%women) in the baseline examination (March-September 2018) of the Multimodal Interventions to Delay Dementia and Disability in rural China (MIND-CHINA). We collected data through face-to-face interviews, clinical examinations, and laboratory tests. Global cognitive function was evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). We defined dementia, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD) following the respective international criteria. Data were analyzed using multinomial logistic and general linear regression models. Results: Of all participants, 300 were diagnosed with dementia, including 195 with AD and 95 VaD. The multiple-adjusted odds ratio of dementia associated with quartiles of RDW were 1.45 (95%CI: 0.87–2.44), 1.00 (reference), 1.77 (1.07–2.93), and 2.28 (1.40–3.72). Similar J-shaped patterns existed for the association of RDW with odds ratio of AD and VaD. Anemia was not significantly associated with dementia. The J-shaped associations of RDW with dementia and subtypes were statistically evident only among participants without anemia. There was an inverted J-shaped relationship between RDW quartiles and β-coefficients of MMSE score. Conclusion: There is a J-shaped association between RDW level and likelihood of dementias among rural-dwelling Chinese older adults, especially among people without anemia.