bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endothelial Activation and Oxidative Stress in Neurovascular Defects of the Retina
Authors: Lenin Raji , Thomas Samuel M. , Gangaraju Rajashekhar
Published: January 2019

Background:

The eye is considered as a window of the disease, and a better understanding of neurodegenerative
changes in the eye may help diagnose and manage neurodegenerative diseases including the diseases
of brain, heart, kidney and liver. In the eye, the blood retinal barrier (BRB] is maintained by a combination of
endothelial cells, pericytes, and glia. This BRB integrity is fundamental to the physiology of retinal cellular
function and accurate vision. The role of endothelial dysfunction as a consequence of endothelial activation in the
initiation and prolongation of neurovascular diseases of the retina is emerging.

Methods:

The observations made in this article are a result of our research over the years in the subject matter and
also based on a literature search using PubMed with keywords including but not limited to endothelial,
permeability, oxidative stress, ROS, TNF-α, retina, injury, and neurodegeneration. Several studies were identified
that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Overall, published studies support an association between endothelial activation,
inflammation and oxidative stress in retinal diseases. Although the selection of specific endothelial activation
biomarkers in the retina is less clear, there is an increased association between inflammation in the severity of
diabetic retinopathy. Studies in other clinically relevant studies demonstrated a strong association of endothelial
activation to alterations in mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, pericyte integrity, microglial activation,
neutrophil extracellular traps and elevated plasma concentrations of TNF-α.

Conclusion:

The compromise in BRB as a consequence of the neurovascular unit in the retinal tissue has gained a
lot of attention and studies addressing these should result in a better understanding of the pathophysiology of
retinal diseases. Although there are no specific retinal markers of endothelial activation and inflammation, future
studies using specific models that display endothelial activation, inflammation and oxidative stress likely yield
better understanding on the cause or effect relationship of endothelial activation in retinal diseases.
Comparative Study of Femur Bone Having Different Boundary Conditions and Bone Structure Using Finite Element Method
Authors: Chethan K.N. , Zuber Mohammad , Bhat Shyamasunder N. , Shenoy Satish B.
Published: January 2019

Background:

Femur bone is an important part in human which basically gives stability and support to carry out all day to day activities. It carries loads from upper body to lower abdomen.

Objective:

In this work, the femur having composite structure with cortical, cancellous and bone marrow cavity is bisected from condyle region with respect to 25%, 50% and 75% of its height. There is considerable difference in the region chosen for fixing all degrees of freedom in the analysis of femur.

Methods:

The CT scans are taken, and 3D model is developed using MIMICS. The developed model is used for static structural analysis by varying the load from 500N to 3000N.

Results:

The findings for 25% bisected femur model report difference in directional deformation less than 5% for loads 2000N and less. In the study comparing fully solid bone and the composite bone, the total deformation obtained for a complete solid bone was 3.5 mm which was 18.7% less than that determined for the composite bone.

Conclusion:

The standardization for fixing the bone is developed. And it is required to fix the distal end always with considering full femur bone.
Perspective constructions of bridge overpasses on transport main lines
Authors: Loktev A. A. , Korolev V. V. , Loktev D. A. , Shukyurov D. R. , Gelyukh P. A. , Shishkina I. V.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. When designing bridges on motorways and railways, conventional beam or trussed design schemes of structures made of steel or reinforced concrete are used, but at present there is a significant increase in the speeds of motion of individual vehicles, axial loads and total train weight increase, and temporary intervals between trains. These factors lead to a significant increase in dynamic effects and necessitate the use of non-classical design schemes for artificial structures of transport infrastructure. In this study, it is proposed to take a threespan arch bridge with suspended central span structure as the basis for unified bridge overpass. Such an arrangement will allow changing the design length of the central span in a fairly wide range, reducing the total number of supports with an increase in the total length of the bridge overpass, and using a similar design as a double-track railroad, two- or four-lane motorway bridge. Calculations carried out and the results obtained for calculating displacements, internal forces and stresses in the units and elements of the proposed bridge overpass design allow concluding about the allowable limit values of the values found, sufficiently uniform load of all its main elements, the absence of strongly marked large-scale stress concentrators. Proposed design allows setting different sizes of spans during the design, reducing the number or even avoiding the installation of channel supports, adapting this structure for the passage of both rail and road transport. Design of the bridge, mathematical model of which is described in detail in the article, can be manufactured at the factory, and then delivered to the installation site and mounted there, which significantly reduces the final construction cost and makes it a profitable solution, for example, for arranging railway interchanges at different levels.
Methodical approaches to the economic assessment of costs in the operation of cars with axial load of 27 tons at the section Kachkanar—Smychka
Authors: Granovskaya G. A. , Safonova A. I. , Suslov O. A. , Okhotnikov N. S.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The most important direction of increasing the efficiency of rail transportation is to increase the load-carrying capacity of freight cars as a result of an increase in axial loads. New car 12-9548-01 with improved technical characteristics has an axial load of 27 tons. The article describes method of calculating the coefficient reflecting the change in the impact of cars with an axial load of 27 tons on the roadbed during transportation in estimated cars compared to transportation in equivalent cars. Algorithms for calculating changes in the cost of fuel and energy costs for train traction and maintenance of the track infrastructure on the site during the operation of trains formed from cars with an axial load of 27 tons are given, as well as methods for determining the initial data for the calculation.

Authors provide values of the coefficient reflecting the change in the impact of vertical and horizontal forces on the railway line when passing freight cars with an axial load of 27 tons compared to analogue cars, and the coefficient of change of the main specific resistance to motion separately for loaded and empty cars.

Developed calculation algorithms and methods for obtaining baseline data allow an economic assessment of changes in infrastructure maintenance costs and fuel and energy resources for the operation of trains formed from cars with an axial load of 27 tons compared to those formed from cars with a load of 23.5 tons at the experimental section Kachkanar—Smychka.

The cost change assessment carried out in 2017 shows a generally definite economic effect, while there is a reduction in costs associated with the consumption of electricity for train traction as a result of the operation of the estimated cars in the experimental section and an increase in the cost of maintaining the track superstructure and the roadbed, which is quite expected for the conditions of the organization of traffic with increased axial loads.
Traffic safety and dynamic properties of the bridge deck of high-speed railway lines
Authors: Polyakov V. Yu. , Thanh Dang Ngoc
Published: January 2019

Abstract. High-speed lines are one of the safest modes of transport, despite the special conditions for moving the wheel along the rail. The urgent task is to ensure the sustainable motion of the wheel along the rail over the bridges in high-speed traffic. A feature of high-speed lines (HS lines) is the practical achievement of critical speeds that cause resonance of bridge deck structures. Cases of rolling stock derailments on high-speed lines are not frequent. The article provides information about rolling stock derailments on high-speed rail and its consequences. Standards for the stability of wheels on rails in various countries with high-speed rail were considered. On the bridges of high-speed lines there are not many elements of the track that are strong dampers — the roadbed, its base and ballast. Due to the lack of damping elements, the damping properties of the bridge deck are of great importance. When driving over the bridge with critical speeds causing near-resonance oscillations, the force in the wheel—rail contact may drop to zero with the risk of derailment. Insufficient damping poses a threat to traffic safety. Thus, one of the most important dynamic parameters — damping — is a problem for a ballastless track on high-speed railway bridges. Considerations are given for the correct determination of stiffness associated with damping and affecting the interaction of rolling stock and bridge deck. It is shown that in case of insufficient damping at the fastening points on the bridges, the risk of derailment increases due to a fall of the vertical force below the permissible limit at the wheel—rail contact. Results of computer performed experiments are presented, confirming that it is precisely the significant oscillations of the bridge deck structures that are a safety hazard, since when the first car passes, the force at the contact of the wheel and rail for the first wheelset is safe. Requirements for damping parameters are given, ensuring reliable contact of the wheel and rail with significant fluctuations in bridge deck structures on high-speed lines. Results are presented, showing the dependence of required damping on the stiffness of intermediate rail fasteners.
Consideration of the temperature factor of atmospheric air when determining standard consumption of fuel and energy resources for train traction
Authors: Popov K. M.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Influence of air temperature on the consumption of fuel and energy resources (FER) on train traction is due to a number of physical laws. The extent of this effect is specified in the Rules for Traction Settlement (RTS). At the same time, when rationing FER consumption for train traction, a specialized methodical base is used, which involves a different approach to accounting for the effect of temperature on FER consumption for train traction. At the same time in different documents of this base, the effects of low temperature on the absolute and specific consumption of fuel and energy resources on train traction are taken into account in a different way, which is due to the lack of consensus among specialists on the way this factor is taken into account. Specialists of JSC “VNIIZhT” carried out an analysis of a significant amount of driver’s routes data, results of which showed that the dependence of the specific flow rate on temperature, on the basis of which the corresponding influence coefficient is determined, needs to be periodically updated. In addition, when technically standardizing the consumption of fuel and energy resources (for the locomotive crew work site), the temperature effect coefficients need to be calculated for a specific work area and direction of motion on it, while using the average network coefficient values will lead to errors. When calculating additional flow of fuel and energy from the effect of temperature for electric multiple units (EMU), the equations of regression dependencies should be used, obtained by statistical processing of data on temperature changes and specific consumption of fuel and energy resources for EMU and determined for each series of EMU when working on a particular suburban area.
Diversity in HLA class I and class II in kidney donors and recipients according to race in KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) implications for transplantation
Authors: Assounga A. G. H. , Schreiber V. , Allen V. , Anley D.
Published: January 2019

HLA matching of donors and recipients plays a major role in the success of organ transplantation. Race differences in HLA have been reported elsewhere. Aim: To analyse the diversity of HLA Class I and Class II among kidney donors and recipients according to race. Methods: This is a retrospective study of HLA types of renal patients and kidney donors attending the Renal Unitat Addington and Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospitals from 1985 to 2002. Class I HLA typing was done using serological methods while Class II HLA typing was done using serological or molecular methods at the Tissue Immunology Laboratory, South African National Blood Services, Durban, South Africa. Files for 470 individuals were reviewed. There were 143 Blacks, 169 Indians, 88 Whites and 70 Coloureds. All the files were included and analysed according to race. Results: HLA A locus, 18 distinct antigens were recorded in Black patients. In Indians, 17 antigens were recorded. In Whites, 16 antigens were observed and the most frequent were A2 (29%) and A1 (17%). For the HLA B locus, 29antigens were recorded in Blacks with the two most frequent being B58 (13%) and B44 (12.5%). In Indians, 28 antigens were recorded. For DR locus 29 distinct antigens were recorded. Conclusion: Race differences in the profile of HLA types are observed. This may render difficult HLA matching between donors and recipients in organ transplantation.
Efecto del encalado en el uso eficiente de macronutrientes para cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) en la Amazonia colombiana
Authors: Rosas-Patiño Gelber , Puentes-Páramo Yina Jazbleidi , Menjivar-Flores Juan Carlos
Published: January 2019

En la Amazonia colombiana, el cultivo de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) presenta bajo rendimiento debido a que la alta acidez del suelo limita el uso eficiente de nutrientes. Por lo tanto, esta investigación evalúa el efecto del encalamiento y la fertilización en un suelo ácido (Typic Udorthents) de la Amazonia colombiana sobre el uso eficiente de nutrientes (uen), en términos de la eficiencia agronómica (ea) y la eficiencia de recuperación del fertilizante (erf) para nitrógeno (N), fósforo (P) y potasio (K), y cuatro clones universales de cacao fino de sabor y aroma. Se utilizó un diseño en bloques completos al azar con arreglo factorial, siendo el factor A cuatro clones (a1: ICS-1, a2: CCN-51, a3: ICS-39, y a4: TSH-565) y el factor B cuatro niveles de fertilidad (b1: control absoluto; b2: suelo 90 días después de encalado (dde); b3: control absoluto más N - P - K, hasta alcanzar los requerimientos del cultivo; b4: b2 más N - P - K, hasta alcanzar los requerimientos del cultivo). Los resultados muestran que el encalado y la fertilización afectaron el uen y el rendimiento; mientras tanto, el más bajo rendimiento se presentó en b1 para todos los clones, sugiriendo que la fertilidad del suelo natural no es suficiente para el desarrollo del cultivo de cacao; además, el clon CCN-51 mostró mayor habilidad en el uso de nutrientes que los restantes clones. En este sentido, los cuatro clones respondieron de forma diferencial de acuerdo con la ea y la erf, evidenciando la influencia del genotipo y de las condiciones edafoclimáticas de la zona, así como las preferencias específicas de pH y nutrientes para cada clon.
Stress-strain state of fiberglass in conditions of climatic aging
Authors: Martynov Gleb V. , Monastyreva Daria E. , Morina Elena A. , Makarov Aleksey I.
Published: January 2019

Introduction. Were investigated samples of fiberglass with the aim of its effective use in construction in the long term. Fiberglass is considered one of the most versatile and durable materials among polymer composite materials, however, and it is subject to destruction. It is known that one of the main reasons for reducing the specified characteristics and material properties is operational. At the design stage, it is necessary to determine the most reliable and economical materials used and, accordingly, be sufficiently aware of their strength and durability. Thus, in order to avoid the destruction of the material, as well as significantly enhance and prolong its service life, it is necessary to be aware of how exactly the properties of the material change over time. Regarding reinforced concrete, wood, brick and steel fiberglass is used in construction recently. This means that while the service life of the list of the most common materials in construction is known to a sufficient extent, manufacturers do not dare to use fiberglass as a material for critical structures. This occurs because changes in its characteristics, depending on operational factors, are not sufficiently studied for intervals exceeding 4-5 years of operation. Materials and methods. During the work, samples of fiberglass SPPS with a longitudinal and transverse arrangement of fiberglass were tested for climatic aging in a climatic chamber for 5 cycles simulating 5 years of material operation. All samples were subjected to tensile testing on a tensile testing machine R-5. Results. Destructive stresses were determined, calculations were carried out and elastic and strength characteristics of the samples were analyzed. On the basis of the obtained results, an analysis was carried out, conclusions were formulated about the use of fiberglass in the construction in the long term, as well as the influence of such operational factors as moisture, positive and negative temperatures, and ultraviolet radiation on the properties of fiberglass with a different arrangement of fiberglass. Conclusions. Found that the destructive stresses of fiberglass are significantly reduced during the first two years of operation, which must be considered when choosing fiberglass with the stated characteristics. Ultraviolet does not have a significant effect on the elastic-strength properties of the material, while during operat
Fire hazard of phosphorus-containing hard casting polyurethane foams
Authors: Ushkov Valentin A. , Sokoreva Evgeniya V. , Goryunova Anna V. , Demjanenko Stanislav A.
Published: January 2019

Introduction. Fire-safe rigid filling polyurethane foams (PUF), meant for low-temperature thermal insulation of pipelines and technological equipment were developed. The effect of concentration of oxyethylated tetraalkylphosphonate pentaerythritol (phostetrol-1) on technological, physico-mechanical and thermal properties, contents of pyrolysis products and main fire hazard indicators of PUFs was explored. The effect of chemical nature and metal compounds concentration of variable valence on fume-generation ability of phosphorous-containing PUFs was examined. Main technological and physico-mechanical properties and fire hazard indicators of developed styrofoams are provided. Materials and methods. Rigid filling PUFs were obtained on the basis of simple oxyethylated polyols and polyisocyanate. Phostetrol-1 was used as a reactive phosphorous-containing compound. As a foaming and hardening catalyst of developed PUF’s a nitrogen-containing polyol (mark Lapromol 294) and dimethylethanolamine was used, and as a foaming agent - mixture of freon - 11 and water. Different metal compounds of variable valence were used to reduce fume-generation ability and toxicity of pyrolysis products of rigid phosphorous-containing PUFs. Thermal properties of examined PUFs were studied with the help of thermoanalytical complex Du PONT 9000. Main technological and physico-mechanical properties and fire hazard indicators of styrofoams were determined under existing GOSTs. Results. The effect of phostetrol-1 concentration in polyester compound on main technological and physico-mechanical properties, contents of pyrolysis products and main fire hazard indicators of rigid filling PUFs was established. It is shown that to obtain moderately flammable PUFs the phosphorous concentration in styrofoam must exceed 2.5 mass. %. The correlation between low-scale evaluation methods of flammability of rigid PUFs was found. The effect of phosphorous concentration on fume-generation ability and contents of pyrolysis products of rigid PUFs was found. The effect of chemical nature and metal compounds concentration of variable valence on fume-generation ability of phosphorous-containing PUFs was examined. It is shown that effective decrease of fume-generation ability and toxicity of pyrolysis products of moderately flammable PUFs occurs when Cu2O or chrome spinels are introduced to the polyester compound. Conclusions. As a result of conducted research it was established that the combined use of phostetrol-1, Cu2O and chrome spinels makes it possible to obtain rigid fire-safe PUFs with high physico-mechanical properties. Fire-safe rigid filling PUFs, developed with the use of raw native materials, are recommended to be used for low-temperature thermal insulation of pipelines and technological equipment.
Geoinformation analytical system “Archaeological sites of Crimea”
Authors: Buryak Z.A. , Lisetskii F.N. , Ilyashenko S.V.
Published: January 2019

The author focuses on the use of geographic information systems capabilities in the archaeological mapping, the results of the geoinformation analytical system creation “Crimean Archaeological sites”. The purpose of the work was to create a geodatabase for archaeological heritage sites in the Crimea, and also assess the degree of their legal protection in the current conditions of active land development and the formation of the Russian land legal system. On this purpose methods of digital mapping, processing the Earth remote sensing data and spatial analysis in GIS were used. For the first time, the mapping and specification of all the recorded coordinates for the Crimean archaeological sites was carried out, a geodatabase was created. This made it possible to identify “acute” situations associated with land use and creating a threat of destruction for archaeological sites. The results of the work were posted on the geoportal “Archaeological Monuments of the Crimea” to ensure continuous geodatabases updating and monitoring archaeological sites.
Commercial cartography of Russia in the period of New Economic Policy
Authors: Orlov M.Yu.
Published: January 2019

The development of digital technologies in the world influences developing national cartography and especially such segment as commercial cartography greatly. Maps and atlases have taken on a new form and the economic and financial aspects have changed at the same time. If some time ago publishers of Cards earned on circulation,nowadays it is possible to use marketing and advertising technologies to recoup expenses for creation of cartographic production. In order tounderstand in which direction to move it is necessary to study the past properly. The author attempts to study the development of commercial cartography in the period of NEP (new economic policy) of the Soviet Government in 1920s to define the connection between the development of cartography and changes in social and economic conditions. We study the period when there was a need to use a geographic map as an advertising bearer, and consider in detail the cartographic works in which commercial advertising was used. The review and analysis of the issues related to the emergence of the basic advertising rules in maps and atlases as well as the relationship between the subject of cartographic works and the content of advertising modules. The application of social advertising in the early 20th century and versions of advertising texts and modules in maps and atlases are shown.
INDISCIPLINA ESCOLAR NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Silva Gilvaneide Nunes da , Soares Maria De Lourdes de Azevedo , Anselmo Roberto Derivaldo
Published: January 2019

Apresenta uma investigação qualitativa sobre indisciplina escolar, na perspectiva de um grupo de professores, da quarta série, do Ensino Fundamental, de uma escola da Rede Pública Municipal, situada no município de Taperoá, Estado da Paraíba. Analisa as causas e possíveis mediações acerca da indisciplina no ensino fundamental, visando contribuir para uma melhor prática dos professores no enfrentamento do problema. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa de campo, de caráter qualitativa, com o aporte teórico da pesquisa bibliográfica e coleta de dados junto aos sujeitos objeto do estudo. Entre os resultados obtidos, tem-se a perspectiva apresentada pelos professores acerca da importância do diálogo com os alunos e da investigação de sua realidade como um possível caminho para descobrir o motivo de sua indisciplina. Concluiu-se que os professores analisados tendem a relacionar a indisciplina mais ao meio familiar ou social ao qual os alunos estão inseridos do que aos possíveis métodos inadequados relacionados à fragilidade das práticas pedagógicas.
SISTEMA SOCIOEDUCATIVO NO ESTADO DA PARAÍBA: avanços e desafios
Authors: Silva Gilvaneide Nunes da , Gomes Gabriel Dos Santos
Published: January 2019

Discute sobre o Sistema Socioeducativo no Estado da Paraíba considerando seus avanços e desafios, bem como a legislação que forma o sistema de garantia de direito. Sabe-se que o sistema socioeducativo só veio a ser regulamentado no ano de 2012 com a lei do Sistema Nacional de Atendimento Socioeducativo - SINASE, o qual busca garantir o direito e a proteção integral aos adolescentes em conflito com a lei. O SINASE tem como competência elaborar planos socioeducativo com duração de dez anos, tendo como objetivo articulação em rede com as demais políticas públicas educação, saúde, cultura entre outras. Articulado entre os três níveis da esfera, O SINASE constitui-se no conjunto ordenado de princípios, regras e critérios, de caráter jurídico, político, pedagógico, financeiro e administrativo. No que se refere o Estado da Paraíba o Sistema Socioeducativo está se fortalecendo seguindo os princípios e diretrizes que se põe no Plano Nacional e Estadual. A pesquisa utilizada foi de forma bibliográfica, com dados contidos nos Plano Estadual.
Analysis of the Interaction between Dividend Policy and Firm Performance in Manufacturing Sector
Authors: Singh Jha Shankar Kumar , Aziz Usama
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate internal determinant factors of dividend policy in manufacturing firms. The study considers the impact of dividend payout ratio, signalling, earnings per share and risk on firm performance. This research also tries to create a link between dividend policy and firm performance. In the same way, the research is also aimed to create a link between these factors. Such as, the current link between the dividend policy and firm performance. It will elaborate this through current and previous studies as a whole. This study used primary data from the listed manufacturing firms in order to check the effects of dividend policy on firm performance. Data was collected from the primary source. The survey questionnaire was used to collect data from top management in order to highlight the impact of dividend policy on firm performance. Multi-regression analyses were undertaken to identify attributes that influence dividend policy. The results of the study demonstrate that all the variables are significant thus they have a positive impact on firm performance. The study established the findings that dividend payout, earning per share, signalling and risk positively and significantly influence the firmâ€™s value. Moreover, companies should consider dividend policy in order to make the financial decision more efficiently. This study tells us that decisions about dividend policy should be made by considering other variables. The study has both practical and theoretical implication for top management in order to consider the dividend policy and its impact on firm performance.
E-Entrepreneurship for E-Startups: Potentials, Common Challenges and Way Forward
Authors: Islam Mohammad Aminul , Alghobiri Mohammed A
Published: January 2019

In todayâ€™s economic world, the advancement in technology has opened up new forms of economic activities, particularly business. Whilst entrepreneurship is a major factor in business, e-entrepreneurship has become a buzzword facilitated by the rapid advancement of internet and developments in Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). E-entrepreneurship, in the name of transforming business from the local marketplace to the global one, has revolutionized the entire business processes. This set of new business mechanism has created new opportunities for the startups, which in this regard is termed as e-startups. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to develop a comprehensive understanding of the concept of eentrepreneurship by addressing related potentials and challenges. Extant literature has been reviewed to this end. The analysis indicated that flexibility of and accessibility to technology and products, less capital and risk in comparison to physical businesses are the major advantages that an e-entrepreneur might enjoy while commencing an e-startup. On the other hand, lack of institutional support, digital security threat, tough competition with established brands, less innovation and lack of academic and practical exposure in terms of business and marketing are some barriers that challenge the operation of e-startups. The conclusion of the paper draws on some recommendations accordingly.
Capillary-porous heat exchangers for cooling of melting units
Authors: Genbach Alexander , Jamankulova Nellya , Bakic Vukman
Published: January 2019

The model of development of a vapor phase in porous structures of heat
exchangers for cooling of melting units on the basis of cinema observations
which ex-plains the mechanism of nucleation, development, and death of steam
bubbles is created. In case of crisis of heat exchange, there are the
limiting conditions of a surface of a porous coating and metal substrate.
The process of destroying can come from melting, or from heat stresses of
compression and stretching. The reliability of a cooling system of melting
units is defined by the combined action of capillary and mass forces.
Two-phase flow in channels with non-circular cross-section of pneumatic transport of powder material
Authors: Milanovic Sasa , Jovanovic Milos , Spasic Zivan , Nikolic Boban
Published: January 2019

The paper presents a numerical simulation of two-phase turbulent flow in
straight horizontal channels of pneumatic transport with non-circular
cross-section. For the granular flow simulation, we have chosen the flow of
solid particles of quartz, flour, and ash in the flow of air, which is
transporting fluid. During the modeling of the flow, the transported solid
particles are reduced to spherical shapes. A correction of the stress model
of turbulence is performed by taking into account the influences of the
induction of secondary flows of the second order in the gas phase. The full
Reynolds stress model was used for modeling the turbulence, and the
complete model is used for the turbulent stresses and turbulent temperature
fluxes. All numerical experiments were conducted for the same initial flow
conditions and a single uniform grid was adopted for all numerical
experiments. The flow is observed in a straight channel of a square
cross-section and dimensions of sides of 200 mm and the length of 80 Dh.
During the simulation, the fineness of the numerical grid was also tested,
and the paper shows results of the numerical grid of the highest resolution
beyond which the fineness does not influence the obtained results. The paper
offers graphics of velocities of the solid particles transported by the
transporting fluid (air) along the channel.
A control method of fuel distribution by combustion chamber zones and its dependence on injection conditions
Authors: Shatrov Mikhail , Malchuk Valery , Dunin Andrey , Shishlov Ivan , Sinyavski Vladimir
Published: January 2019

A method of fuel injection rate shaping of the Diesel engine common rail fuel
system with common rail injectors and solenoid control is proposed. The
method envisages the impact on control current of impulses applied to the
control solenoid valve of the common rail injectors for variation of the
injection rate shape. At that, the fuel is supplied via two groups of
injection holes. The entering edges of the first group with the coefficient
of flow, ??B, were located in the sack volume and the entering edges of the
second group (coefficient of flow, ??H) - on the locking taper surface of
the nozzle body. The coefficients of flow, ??B, and ??H differ considerably
and depend on the valve needle position. This enables to adjust the
injection quantity by injection holes taking into account operating
conditions of the Diesel engine and hence - by the combustion chamber zones.
Using the constant fuel flow set-up, characteristic of the effective
cross-section of the common rail fuel system injector holes was
investigated. The diameter of injector holes was 0.12 ? 0.135 mm. The
excessive pressure at the entering edges varied from 30 to 150 MPa and more
and the excessive pressure in the volume behind the output edge - from 0 to
16 MPa.
Introduction of the energy management system in the industrial sector of the Republic of Serbia achieved results and challenges
Authors: Banjac Milos , Lakovic Mirjana
Published: January 2019

The introduction of the Energy Management System into the industrial sector
of the Republic of Serbia, as one of the sectors within the System, formally
started on March 15, 2013, when the National Assembly of the Republic of
Serbia adopted the Law on Efficient Use of Energy. This indigenous and
legally established system of organized management of energy flows, from the
processes of production through the processes of transmission,
distribution, and ways of consumption of energy, for the purpose of
optimization and rationalization of this processes, includes a wide range of
regulatory, organizational, incentive, technical, and other measures and
activities that within the scope of their powers are determined and
implemented by the subjects of this system: the Government of the Republic
of Serbia, the Ministry of Mining and Energy, designated organizations,
energy managers, and authorized energy advisors. For the purpose informing
the industrial sector, as one of legal obligors of the Energy Management
System, the achieved results, next steps and future plans for the
development of this System are present in this paper.
Techno-economic and environmental optimization of heat supply systems in urban areas
Authors: Shesho Igor , Filkoski Risto , Tashevski Done
Published: January 2019

The present work deals with an optimization model for selection of optimal
heating structure in urban areas also considering the environmental
aspects. The optimization model was established in order to facilitate the
decision making during selection phase of heat sources locations and
defining the boundaries of their action at the pre-design phase of heat
supply schemes development of settlements. Within the model is performed
comparative analysis between ten heating systems, whereas as leading
criteria in the comparison procedure are considered heat load density per
unit of area, techno-economic aspects, and environmental impact. The
optimization result actually defines the optimal heating system type in
regard of the heat load density per unit area. The model provides
possibility in defining standard values of heat density indicators,
according to which can be assessed the economic feasibility of implementing
district heating system for the selected urban area. The less value of heat
density in the system, the higher specific costs for generation,
distribution, and transmission of heat energy. Further-more, the model is
applied and verified for the local urban, infrastructural, technical and
environmental conditions of the city of Skopje. The process of
determination of optimal heating structure has holistic approach, where,
beside techno-economic aspects and feasibility, the environmental aspect of
different heating systems is considered as a major factor (threat) in air
pollution.
La intervención gerontológica en un establecimiento de asistencia social permanente privado: identificación de los beneficios que aporta a las personas mayores residentes / The gerontological intervention in a private permanent social assistance establishment: identification of the benefits it brings to the elderly residents
Authors: Guerrero Ceh Jaqueline Guadalupe , Can Valle Ana Rosa , Maricruz Morales Lourdes
Published: January 2019

Introducción: México se encuentra en el camino hacia la toma de conciencia del reto que implica el envejecimiento de la población para las familias, la sociedad y los establecimientos de asistencia social permanente. Objetivo: Identificar los beneficios que aporta la intervención gerontológica en la salud de los residentes de un establecimiento privado de asistencia social permanente. Para ello, se ha planteado la siguiente hipótesis: después de una intervención gerontológica, los residentes se encuentran motivados para realizar actividad física, mejorar su postura y socializar sus experiencias. Método: El presente es un estudio con enfoque cuantitativo, de alcance descriptivo longitudinal, con un diseño experimental y de tipo cuasiexperimento. En concreto, se realizaron diez sesiones, cada una con dos horas de duración. Se tuvo una participación de ocho residentes de un establecimiento privado, con cierto nivel de dependencia. Resultados: La hipótesis planteada es aceptada, ya que todos los participantes demostraron mejoría en la flexibilidad, movilidad, socialización y aspecto cognitivo en los aspectos de atención y concentración. Conclusiones: Los beneficios que aporta la intervención gerontológica son satisfactorios para las personas residentes y para el establecimiento que ofrece sus servicios de asistencia social.
ANALISIS AIR SUMUR BOR DESA PEKAN BANDAR KHALIFAH KABUPATEN SERDANG BEDAGAI BERDASARKAN KUALITAS FISIKA DAN KIMIA
Authors: Manurung Donita , Ginting Eva Marlina
Published: January 2019

Air bersih merupakan air yang dipergunakan untuk keperluan sehari-hari dan kualitasnya memenuhi persyaratan kesehatan air bersih sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku dan dapat diminum apabila dimasak. Maka dalam hal ini, penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas air sumur bor yang berada pada Desa Pekan Bandar Khalifah Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai berdasarkan parameter fisik  dan kimia dan untuk mengetahui tingkat pencemaran air sumur bor tersebut. Metode analisis air dilakukan dengan membandingkan hasil observasi terhadap parameter baku mutu air minum menurut PERMENKES No.492 Tahun 2010 mengenai Persyaratan Kualitas Air Minum. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan mengambil air sumur bor dari sepuluh sumur bor dengan mengukur Kekeruhan, Zat Padat Terlarut, Tingkat Keasaman (pH) dan kandungan unsur Besi (Fe), Mangan (Mn), Sulfat (SO4) dan Nitrit (NO2) yang terkandung dalam air sumur bor tersebut. Hasil menunjukkan untuk jumlah parameter yang melampaui baku mutu air minum yakni parameter besi (Fe), pH dan dapat disimpulkan bahwa mutu air di kawasan Desa Pekan Bandar Khalifah tergolong dalam air dengan tingkat tercemar ringan yang memerlukan pengolahan terlebih dahulu sebelum dikonsumsi dengan cemar maksimum sebesar 2,21 dan cemar minimum sebesar 1,03.Kata Kunci : Air Sumur Bor, Kualitas Air, Parameter Fisika, Parameter Kimia.
ANALISIS SIFAT MEKANIK KOMPON KARET
Authors: Sidebang Elfariska , Bukit Nurdin
Published: January 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai sifat mekanik kompon karet. Pengujian karakteristik kompon karet yaitu kekerasan, kekuatan tarik, dan perpanjangan putus, dengan menggunakan variasi bahan pengisi Nanopartikel abu boiler kelapa sawit (0%,2%,4%,6%,8%) berat. Alat pengujian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Durometer untuk pengujian kekerasan dan Tensiometer untuk pengujian Kekuatan tarik dan perpanjangan putus. Metode yang digunakan dalam pembuatan nanopartikel abu boiler kelapa sawit yaitu dengan menggunakan metode kopresipatasi dengan ukuran 56,31 nm. Dari hasila nalisis diperoleh sifat mekanis pada kekerasan, kekuatan tarik dan perpanjangan putus mengalami peningkatan dengan bertambahnya variasi bahan pengisi abu boiler kelapa sawit.Kata Kunci : Kompon Karet, Abu Boiler Kelapa Sawit.
Speech Acts and Discourse Makers by Teachers and Students in the Classroom
Authors: Sudar Sudar
Published: January 2019

This study aims to describe how is the performance of speech acts and discourse makers in the classroom of senior high schools of Purworejo, central Java. The study used qualitative descriptive. The sample of this study is the three English teachers and their students from three senior high schools. Data taken by recording teachers and students in the classrooms. The findings show that transaction of agreement is highly developed by teachers. For example: ok, ya. Questions and Follow up exchange performed by teachers. Further, negotiate outcome, argumentation, and describing adjacency pair created by teachers. Elicitation acts and information acts are performed by teachers and students. Directive acts is mostly developed by teachers. Students performed directive acts when they are in group discussion.
Interjections Functioned as Pragmatic Markers and Given/ New Information
Authors: Aryanti Maya Lisa
Published: January 2019

The purposes of this research are to find out the functions of the interjections functioned as pragmatic markers and what they indicate to, to find out which information the interjections denote and to find out how many functions the interjections functioned as pragmatic markers possibly have. The data are five different interjections taken from five different novels. The results of this research are concerning to the functions of the interjections functioned as pragmatic markers. Generally, the functions are utterance initial, attention marker and a response signal. Further, interjections functioned as pragmatic markers take form as attitude, feelings or both.  The interjections denote given/old information, new information and both.  The last result is that it is possible for interjections to have more than one function. To sum up, interjections functioned as pragmatic markers have roles and forms  in discourses. In addition, interjections functioned as pragmatic markers denote information.
The Analysis of Interlingual and Intralingual Interference in Children’s Literature Translation Project
Authors: Kurniawan Mozes
Published: January 2019

Translation is important in preparing children's literature, especially in children's education. When a prospective teacher does not correctly translate teaching materials, children will be impacted by such inaccuracies such as learning confusion, improperly instilled socio-cultural values and even inadequate intellectual development. The disturbances mentioned are under these two condition such as: interlingual interference (also known as transfer between languages) and intralingual interference (also known as transfer in one language) which is reflected from the translation of English-language teaching materials. This research was a descriptive research aiming to find out, describe and explain the interlingual and intralingual interference found in children’s literature translation project. Participants of this research were students who joined in English Language Learning class of Early Childhood Teacher Education study program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana Salatiga. By using translation task/project and semi-structured interview, the research data was collected. The result showed that students still encounter interlingual and intralingual interference especially in some categories. This finding triggered English language practitioners to cope with translation disorder in order to produce the best translated material for children’s education.
An Investigation of Proxemic Behavior among Acehnese in Public Places
Authors: Setiyana Rusma , Ismail Nyak Mutia , Rahma Endah Annisa , Husna Faizatul
Published: January 2019

It is assumed that Acehnese do not make use of personal space during interactions. This study aims to investigate the proximity levels used by Acehnese people when communicating with other people. The observation approach was used to collect data with people who were in natural interaction in public places as the participant. The data were pictured and kept anonymous in regards of ethical codes maintained in research. The results show that there are three conditions obtained from this study. First, mostly, Acehnese people use intimate level of proximity, which is less than 0.46 meter eventhough when they are interacting with strangers. However, this condition only applies if the interactions taking place is male-male interactions or female-female interactions. Second, in a condition where the stranger interaction is male-female, the proximity employed by the people is in the level of personal—which is 1.2 meter.  Lastly, men maintained farther distance compared to women. In conclusion, the farthest proximity level that Acehnese applied was social level (1.2 m to 3.7 m); yet, the main influencing factor is genders.
The Quest for Critical Thinking Framework in ELT
Authors: Ilyas Hamzah Puadi
Published: January 2019

Even though some authors argue that critical thinking (CT) is almost impossible to be taught to students in non-Western countries since Western and non-Western countries have different cultural background, several studies on CT conducted in Asia, Africa and predominantly Muslim countries have showed that it can be taught to non-Western students. CT has actually been fashionable in non-Western countries, and several non-Western countries have nowadays included it in their educational agenda. In spite of CT’s gaining popularity in non-Western countries, there is very little information as regards what kind of CT which is adopted in those non-Western countries’ education and what CT framework which can work in their teaching-learning processes, especially in the field of ELT. This article attempts to propose a critical thinking framework that can be used in ELT as well as other school subjects. The framework is the result of critically analyzing, examining and synthesizing 20 critical thinking taxonomies, strategies, programs and tests.
Direct EFL Instruction for Gifted Students: A Case Study
Authors: Utami Hidayati , Ashadi Ashadi
Published: January 2019

This study aimed to describe the use of direct instruction in English learning for gifted students. This research applied a case study approach. The participants of this study were an English teacher and five students of a special junior high school for gifted students of grades 7 and 8 in the acceleration program. The data were collected through in-depth interview, focused-group interview, observation, and document analysis. The data were qualitatively analyzed through transcribing, data condensing, data displaying through a matrix, and conclusion drawing. The result showed that the teacher used the teaching strategies for direct instruction which were supported by some appropriate teaching aids. The impact of the strategies on the students were the students were actively involved in the teaching-learning process although they still encountered some difficulties in their English learning process. However, the teacher needed to employ other strategies which could meet the other needs of the gifted students in the teaching-learning process.