bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimating duration dependence on re-employment wages when reservation wages are binding
Authors: Hernandez Martinez Victor , Liu Kaixin , Grice Richard
Published: September 2023

This paper documents a novel finding indicating that re-employment wages are elastic to the level of unemployment insurance (i.e., a binding reservation wage) and adapts the IV estimator for duration dependence in Schmieder et al. (2016) to account for this fact. Using administrative data from Spain, we find that unemployed workers lower their re-employment wages by 3 percent immediately after the exhaustion of unemployment insurance (UI) benefits. Workers’ characteristics and permanent unobserved heterogeneity cannot explain this. To estimate duration dependence, we extend the IV framework proposed by Schmieder et al. (2016), whose estimator of duration dependence is proportional to the response of wages to an extension of the potential duration of UI, to account for the response of reservation wages. We find that while extending the potential duration of UI has an insignificant effect on re-employment wages, duration dependence is strongly negative. We estimate that the degree of duration dependence in Spain is approximately 0.8 percent per month in daily wages. Workers’ inability to find full-time jobs as the duration of non-employment increases is an important mechanism behind this effect, since the duration dependence of hourly wages is 0.25 percent per month. Failing to account for the fact that reservation wages are binding would underestimate the magnitude of duration dependence by 15 to 20 percent.
Natural and historical aspects of the environmental monitoring in the city of Lviv
Authors: Nazaruk M. M. , Bota O. V.
Published: September 2023

Purpose. To study the natural-historical aspects of the organization of monitoring the components of the natural environment in the territory of the city of Lviv, to identify the peculiarities of its organiza-tion at different historical stages of the functioning of the urban system, to highlight the specifics of the organization of environmental monitoring in modern conditions.
Results Regular meteorological observations with the help of instruments began in Lviv in 1811, and observations and descriptions of the city's vegetation were carried out in the 1950s. Ya. Lagner. In 1944, the Department of Hydrometeorological Service of the Carpathian Military District was organized in Lviv. It included: weather bureau, group of hydrological forecasts, group of restoration of the network of stations. At the beginning of 1946, on the basis of this department, a hydrometeorological office was creat-ed, which since 1959 functioned as a hydrometeorological observatory (HMO) with groups: meteorologi-cal, hydrological forecasts and agrometeorological. In 1964, the Lviv Aerological Station became part of the GMO under the authority of the Aerology Department. Old, historical Lviv was located in the middle of large forests, had many streams, brooks, as well as rich flora. Such diversity is determined by the geo-graphical location, the history of the formation of the relief and climatic conditions in previous geological periods. The study of the landscape-natural primary basis in comparison with the built-up areas leads to the demarcation of the urban environment based on belonging to a certain type of natural landscape and thereby determines different approaches to its transformation. Background observation points located at nature conservation facilities provide information about the state and changes in the natural environment that occur outside of human activity. A comparative analysis of similar indicators obtained in areas with different degrees of urban influence will make it possible to reveal the real state of anthropogenic changes, identify their causes, predict the further consequences of urbanization, as well as build models of such social and production systems that would be the least harmful to the environment.
Conclusions. Environmental monitoring in the territory of the city of Lviv has a long history. Moni-toring the state of the atmospheric air, water environment, biodiversity was and remains an important component in the issue of the quality of the urban environment and does not lose its importance. Environ-mental monitoring must be considered as an integral part of the regional management system of nature management, which must perform the target functions of continuous observation and forecasting of the main socio-ecological processes for the purpose of their analysis, identification and identification of the main factors for the preparation and adoption of management decisions.
Features of the of the Katowice city green infrastructure: problems and prospects
Authors: Maksymenko N. V. , Titenko G. V. , Aleksandrova D. O.
Published: September 2023

Purpose. To assess the provision of green infrastructure in the city of Katowice (Poland) based on the analysis of the peculiarities of its formation and spatial distribution on the territory of urban landscapes.

Methods: Historical (study of the historical path of the formation of Katowice as a modern green city), mathematical and statistical for calculating the green index of the provision of the population with green infrastructure and methods of systematization and generalization.

Results. Katowice is a city in southern Poland, which was formed in the middle of the 19th century as a result of the development of the coal industry in the Silesian region. It now has an area of 164.73 km2 and a population of 290 thousand people. In order to level the negative consequences of the industrial depletion of urban landscapes in the city, the development of green infrastructure has been introduced, which currently makes up 42% of the city's area, which is not evenly distributed. It has been established that green infrastructure has a significant positive impact on the quality of life of residents of urbanized areas of the city of Katowice. Among the districts, Podlasie stands out - more than 300 m2/person. Murky and Paderevsky-Mukhovets - more than 250 m2/person. Shopenice-Burovets, and Brynow - Os. Zgrzebnska - more than 100 m2/person and Domb, Zarzeche and Dombruvka Mala - from 50 to 100 m2/person. These areas have a sufficient level of provision of green infrastructure for the population according to WHO norms (50 m2). But Zavodze, Zelenska and Os districts. Tysenklech (ZI less than 10 m2/person) need to take measures to increase the provision of green infrastructure to the population.

Conclusions. On the basis of the calculation of the Green Index, areas that meet greening standards and areas that require the use of the latest green infrastructure development technologies (installation of vertical gardens and greening of roofs, etc.) are determined.
Toxicological assessment of drilling wastewater treatment quality
Authors: Krainiukov O. M. , Kryvytska I. A. , Zhytnetskyi I. V.
Published: September 2023

Purpose. To determine the optimal combination and consumption of coagulants and flocculants in the treatment of drilling wastewater, followed by determination of the acute lethal toxicity of the obtained illuminated liquid phase.

Methods. Primary clarification of the liquid phase of drilling waste was carried out by the method of chemical coagulation using the organic coagulants "Magnafloc" and "ECOFLOC" as a coagulant. In case of insufficient degree of purification of drilling wastewater by coagulation method, an additional method of purification with Zetag 8180 flocculants and cellulose gum was used. After the cleaning process, a toxicological analysis of drilling wastewater was carried out using the biotesting method to determine the acute lethal toxicity of the water on the crustacean Ceriodaphnia affinis Lilljeborg.

Results. In the process of experimental research, a number of experiments were conducted to determine the optimal consumption of coagulants and flocculant for the treatment of drilling wastewater, followed by the determination of the acute lethal toxicity of the obtained illuminated liquid phase of drilling water. First, combinations of «Magnafloc» coagulant and Zetag 8180 flocculant were tested. The conducted studies showed that the most effective cleaning occurs during the primary clarification of the liquid phase of drilling waste by the method of chemical coagulation using the organic coagulant «Magnafloc» and additionally the flocculant Zetag 8180 in concentrations of 1.2 g/dm3 and 1 kg/m3, respectively. When using these chemical reagents in the above-mentioned concentrations, the 2nd level of acute lethal toxicity was determined in purified drilling wastewater (water is slightly toxic). The following experimental studies were conducted in order to identify the most effective combination of coagulant «ECOFLOC» and flocculant cellulose gum. According to the results of the conducted research, it was established that the most effective cleaning occurs during the primary clarification of the liquid phase of drilling waste by the chemical coagulation method using the coagulant «ECOFLOC» and the flocculant - cellulose gum in concentrations of 1.2 g/dm3 and 1.3 kg/m3, respectively. When using these chemical reagents in the above-mentioned concentrations, the 2nd level of acute lethal toxicity was determined in the purified drilling wastewater (the water is slightly toxic).

Conclusions. In general, it should be noted that such wastewater requires more thorough treatment in case of possible discharge to water bodies, and its use is possible only in repeated technological processes of drilling. The results of biotesting must be used for screening highly toxic environmentally hazardous chemicals and controlling the toxicity of various categories of wastewater at all stages of their formation and discharges into water bodies as an integral indicator in their quality control.
Assessment of intangible ecosystem services of forests of the Ternopil region
Authors: Chebolda І. Y. , Kuzyk I. R.
Published: September 2023

Purpose. Assess the intangible ecosystem services of forests in the Ternopil region.

Methods. Descriptive, statistical, assess and geoenvironmental analysis.

Results. The article assess intangible ecosystem services forests of the Ternopil region: recreational capacity, oxygen production, carbon dioxide assimilation, greenhouse gas absorption. The region is dominated by operational forests, the average age of forests is 62 years. The main forest-forming species are oak, beech, hornbeam and ash. Ecologically permissible recreational capacity of forests of the Ternopil region is 824 400 people for all lands of the forest fund and 112 500 people for recreational-health forests. It is established that the average daily volume of oxygen production by forests of the region is 36,6 thousand tons, the volume of carbon dioxide assimilation – 45,8 thousand tons. Forests of Ternopil region, during the year, absorb 875 700 tons of greenhouse gases. The development of integrated use of forest resources and the expansion of the use of intangible forest resources remain priority areas for the forestry in the region.

Conclusions. This area of research is promising and relevant, especially in the context of current global and regional climate change. Such studies should be detailed at the level of individual state forestry enterprises, administrative districts and territorial communities. The results of such research contribute to the monetization of forest ecosystem services and the rational management of forest ecosystems on the basis of sustainable development.
Tree cover dynamics on the socio-ecological gradient of Chernivtsi region
Authors: Zhuk A. V. , Myshiliuk I. I.
Published: September 2023

Purpose. The differences in 20-year tree cover dynamics were analysed for the three experimental strata, which correspond to the former administrative districts and are located along the landscape socio-ecological gradient on the territory of Chernivtsi region.

Methods. System analysis, statistical analysis, geospatial database of the Global Forest Watch service were used.

Results. Three strata have been identified on the territory of Chernivtsi region to interpret the extremes of a socio-ecological gradient and the intermediate (transitional) zone. The tree cover dynamics was analysed on the studied strata (Traditional, Intermediate, and Intensive), which differ in terms of natural conditions, forest cover, and species composition, as well as varying degree of local communities’ dependency on the ecosystem services provided by forests. The mountain Traditional stratum is characterized by the predominance of logging over agricultural production; Intensive lowland stratum has a high degree of agricultural land use, developed agro-industrial complex and profitable farms. The Intermediate stratum combines both landscape complexes and economic features of the Traditional and Intensive strata. It was established that the loss of tree cover for the period from 2000 to 2021 amounted to 18% for the Traditional stratum, 17% for the Intermediate stratum and 7.7% for the Intensive stratum. The area of reforestation in 20 years at the Traditional stratum was 1,400 hectares with a loss of tree cover of 11,500 hectares; on the Intermediate – 1,250 hectares with a loss of tree cover of 10,800 hectares; on Intensive – 1,100 hectares with a loss of tree cover of 1,510 hectares.

Conclusions. The obtained results indicate the necessity of the local forest management systems revision taking into account the spatial features of the socio-ecological systems that has developed on the analyzed gradient.
Ecological analysis of bird fauna in the territories of water treatment facilities at Kharkiv region
Authors: Mamedova Y. P. , Chaplygina A. B.
Published: September 2023

Purpose. Analysis of the avifauna on the territory of water treatment facilities to assess their importance in the support and conservation of birds at Kharkiv region.

Methods. Field survey: records of birds on permanent routes. Statistical analysis.

Results. Avifauna of water treatment facilities (hereinafter WTF) at Kharkiv region in 2019 - 2023 amounted to 195 species from 17 orders and 44 families. Passeriformes birds dominated (37.7%; n=159), Charadriiformes (16.6%) and Anseriformes (12.1%) subdominated. A minority of other orders (Accipitriformes (4.5%), Ciconiiformes (3.2%), Columbiformes (3.2%)) was recorded. WTF are important for nesting of 80 species (53.3%; n=195), and are also a trophic base for 44 (27.7%) wandering, 28 (17.6%) migratory and 7 (4.4%) wintering bird species. Among 11 faunal groups, limnophilic 18.5% (n=159), boreal (15.9%) and tropical (13.4%) dominated. The nesting avifauna is formed mainly by tropical (16.9%; n = 80), limnophilic (13.0%) and forest-steppe - 13.0% groups.

Conclusions. The research suggests that man-made areas of water treatment facilities are important for maintaining species diversity of birds, as they are a place of concentration of both widespread and rare species during all seasons of the year. In total, 159 species of birds were found nesting or staying in different seasons on the territory of water treatment facilities at Kharkiv region, most of which are rare and endangered: listed in the Red Book of Kharkiv region (15 species) and the Red Book of Ukraine (13 species); species of concern in Europe (Bonn and Bern Conventions).
Regional collaboration for the development of national childhood cancer plans in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Loggetto Patrícia , Jarquin-Pardo Marta , Fuentes-Alabi Soad , Vasquez Liliana , Benitez Majano Sara , Gonzalez Ruiz Alejandra , Maza Mauricio , Metzger Monika L. , Friedrich Paola , Luciani Silvana , Lam Catherine G.
Published: September 2023

This article aims to describe the activities conducted by the National Childhood Cancer Plan Working Group to support the development of national childhood cancer plans in Latin America and the Caribbean in the period 2019–2022, and to present the stage of plan development. The Working Group activities were supported by the Pan American Health Organization and St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, which is the World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Childhood Cancer. Year after year, the workshops and activities developed with the Working Group mobilized key stakeholders: pediatric oncologists, representatives of the Ministry of Health, foundations supporting childhood cancer initiatives, and hospital administrators. As of February 2023, one regional framework is in place, approved by the Council of Ministries of Health of Central America and the Dominican Republic, nine countries are currently implementing national plans or laws that include childhood cancer, and ten countries are writing new plans. The WHO three-step framework helped to guide the Working Group activities. All plans were supported by a situational analysis, which highlighted the importance of having systematized data for evidence-based policies. To increase implementation success, an accompanying budget and timeline help to ensure the adequate implementation of the interventions. More than anything, committed stakeholders remain the most fundamental element to successfully write and approve a national childhood cancer plan. This is an opportunity to share these countries’ experience so the strategy can be adapted to support other countries developing a childhood cancer plan and extended to other public health areas.
The SickKids Caribbean Initiative to improve care for children with cancer and blood disorders
Authors: Reece-Mills Michelle , Baxter Jo-Anna B.
Published: September 2023

To improve pediatric hematology and oncology outcomes, there is a recognized potential for partnerships between low- and high-resource institutions within health care systems. The SickKids Caribbean Initiative is a partnership between health care professionals at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Canada, and seven Caribbean institutions across six countries (Bahamas, Barbados, Jamaica, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and Trinidad and Tobago). The primary aim of the SickKids Caribbean Initiative has been to improve the outcomes and the quality of life of children in the Caribbean aged <18 years who have cancer and blood disorders. This article describes five key activities undertaken within the SickKids Caribbean Initiative, including providing education and training, assisting with case consultations and diagnostic services, developing local oncology databases, engaging in advocacy and ensuring stakeholder engagement, and coordinating administration and project management.
Design and evaluation of solar power based wireless power transfer system with road-embedded transmitter coil for dynamic charging of electric vehicle
Authors: Shraddha Kaushik , Pooja Nuruti , Shreya Sarangi , Manu Pandey , Somesh Kumar Sahu , Sarabjeet Singh
Published: September 2023

The transportation sector is moving away from conventional fossil fuel-powered vehicles towards electric mobility. Petrol and diesel-powered vehicles contribute significantly to the carbon footprint. Consequently, the use of electric vehicles helps to reduce reliance on internal combustion engines and promotes zero emissions. Electric vehicles are expected to become the mainstream mode of transportation with the development of robust charging infrastructure. This research proposed an innovative solution for wirelessly charging electric vehicles using dynamic wireless power transfer, which incorporates solar panels for feasible charging. The system relies on resonant inductive power transfer between the coils installed beneath the road surface and a receiver coil placed on the vehicle. The proposed system was simulated in MATLAB, and an experimental validation was conducted using a hardware setup. The overall system showcases power transmission to charge the vehicle's battery while in motion, eliminating the need to wait for a full battery charge.
Integrating Professional Values and Ethics in IES-IFAC to Accounting Professional Education in Indonesia
Authors: Jurana Jurana , Ludigdo Unti , Djamhuri Ali , Prihatiningtias Yeney Widya
Published: September 2023

Purpose: This paper aims to reveal the reality of Accounting Professional Education (PPAk) from the context of the educational dimension. This is done to open public awareness regarding what is happening behind the implementation of PPAk.
 
Theoretical framework: This research was carried out motivated by the results of the news showing the decline in the existence of PPAk and the concerns of researchers regarding how the current Accounting Professional Education is organized based on the educational dimension.
 
Design/methodology/approach: This research was conducted by taking 10 informants, the informants consisted of 3 students (prospective accountants) and 7 accountant educators who teach at PPAk.
 
Findings: The research findings show that the humans that PPAk wants to create are humans who will submit and comply with IFAC.
 
Research, Practical & Social implications: The reality of educational materials in PPAk can be seen from the syllabus that has been set. The syllabus contains seven competencies that must be mastered by students. The seven competencies are divided into seven compulsory courses. The seven courses include: 1) corporate reporting; 2) strategic management and leadership; 3) corporate governance and ethics; 4) advanced management accounting; 5) tax management; 6) advanced financial management; 7) information system and internal control. 
 
Originality/value: Based on these findings, it can be said that PPAk is education formed from, by and for IFAC on behalf of international equality of expertise.
Mediation in the Polish Insurance Market
Authors: Kucharski Bartosz
Published: September 2023

The article describes mediation as one alternative dispute resolution method (ADR) available on the Polish insurance market. The author positions mediation among other ADRs on the market and describes the major features and advantages of mediation over traditional court proceedings. According to the author, mediation is very rarely used on the Polish insurance market. The vast majority of insurance mediation is conducted by the Mediation Centre of the Arbitration Court at the Polish Financial Supervision Authority. The author discusses the reasons for this including the relative newness of mediation as an ADR in Poland and a general lack of knowledge of it, the lack of system of comprehensive regulations for the profession of mediator, insurers’ attitude of “deny to the end” with regard to settling claims, and the mentalities the customs of their lawyers.
Skutki prawne ugody między ubezpieczycielem a poszkodowanym
Authors: Gnas Aleksandra
Published: September 2023

Glosa dotyczy kwestii ugody zawartej między ubezpieczycielem a poszkodowanym i jej wpływu na stosunek prawny między poszkodowanym a ubezpieczycielem. Autorka przeanalizowała różnice i podobieństwa między roszczeniami poszkodowanego wobec ubezpieczyciela i ubezpieczającego. Omówiono także dopuszczalność ugody wielostronnej między poszkodowanym, sprawcą a ubezpieczycielem. W tekście poruszony został również temat interpretacji treści ugody przez sądy poprzednich instancji i działalności interwenienta ubocznego w procesie sądowym.
An antipyrine based fluorescent probe and selective detection of Hg2+ and Ag+
Authors: Zhou Ying , Cao Jia-Wei , Zhang D.-H.
Published: September 2023

The fluorescence-enhanced probe was synthesized based on 4-aminoantipyrine and 2-hydroxy-1-naphthalaldehyde. The structure was characterized by NMR, ESI-MS, IR and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The fluorescent probe HL1 synthesized in this thesis have recognition performance for Hg2+ and Ag+ in acetonitrile solution, with HL1 allowing visual detection of Hg2+. Their recognition properties and mechanisms were examined and investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy and ESI-MS. The binding ratios between the probe and the response ions were 1:1, while the detection limits for the response ions both reached 10-8 M and below, with the potential to detect actual samples.
Akibat Hukum Perjanjian Jual Beli Tanah yang dilakukan Tidak di hadapan Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (PPAT)
Authors: Batista Fenesia Deni , Sariwati Retno , Ariyanti Ariyanti
Published: September 2023

One of the legal events that are often carried out by the community is entering into an agreement. According to the provisions in force, the land sale and purchase agreement must be made before the Land Deed Making Officer, however in daily life it turns out that there are still many transfers of land rights that are not made before the Land Deed Making Official. This will certainly be detrimental to the buyer, because he only controls the physical land rights. The research method used is empirical juridical. The results of this study indicate that the sale and purchase of land that is carried out not in the presence of the Land Deed Official is legal according to law as long as the material conditions are met. Settlements that can be made by the buyer, so that the land sale and purchase agreement made not in the presence of the Land Deed Official can have definite legal force by asking for a statement made or issued by the village head. The certificate is used as the basis for the implementation of the sale and purchase of land rights and has legal force if the implementation of the sale and purchase of land is known by the village head as a government official who controls the area concerned in remote rural areas.
Penyelesaian Wanprestasi dalam Pelaksanaan Perjanjian Jual Beli Sepeda Motor melalui Sistem Inden
Authors: Sabrina Ainun , Wisnuwardhani Diah Aju , Sunarjo Sunarjo , Lailawaty Fadilla Dwi
Published: September 2023

Buying and selling can be done in various ways, one of which is a sale and purchase agreement with an indent system, namely buying an item by ordering and paying a down payment in advance. The legal issues that will be analyzed in this study are several acts of default that occurred at the Honda Ahass KartikaSari Pasar Besar Malang, both committed by the seller and the buyer in a motorcycle sale and purchase agreement through an indent system. Like; delays in the arrival of motorbikes, damage to motorbikes, and unilateral cancellation of orders by buyers. This study uses an empirical juridical method with a case approach and a statutory approach. The results of this study state that if within the time limit the motor pivot ordered by the seller has not arrived, then the down payment will be returned in full, if there is initial damage to the motorbike, it will be replaced with new spare parts in the damaged part of the motorbike and if the buyer suddenly canceling purchases through the pivot system before the specified time period, the buyer is subject to a fine of Rp. 800,000.
Eksistensi Advokat dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Perdata melalui Mediasi
Authors: Shanty Wika Yudha
Published: September 2023

The existence of mediation is a very good step in resolving disputes between the two parties to reach an agreement by not relying on winning and losing. In Indonesia, the regulations regarding mediation are regulated in the provisions of Article 130 HIR and 145 RBg, which later these articles were made effective through Supreme Court Regulation (Perma) Number 1 of 2016 concerning Mediation Procedures in Courts. The implementation of mediation carried out by the parties often ends in a stalemate, meaning that the two parties fail to reach an agreement to reach peace so that the case will be examined and decided by the court through examination and judge's decision (op tegenspraak). The legal issue discussed in this study is how advocates practice in directing parties to resolve disputes through mediation. This study uses normative legal research methods. With the following results; an advocate should reduce his selfishness to not only think about the benefits of his client but also think about the interests of other parties so that an agreement is reached and get the best middle ground for both parties. This is the main goal of successful mediation, namely a win win solution. Furthermore; In providing legal services in the mediation process, an advocate must maintain and maintain the values that exist in each of the parties. These values are religious values, moral values, ethical values and a sense of justice towards the rights and obligations of both parties.
Acumulación y pérdida de suelo por erosión eólica en el norte de Zacatecas
Authors: Echavarria-Chairez Francisco Guadalupe , Alvarado-Sabag Miguel Nasyib , Serna-Perez Alfonso , Medina-Garcia Guillermo , Casas-Flores José Israel
Published: September 2023

Los cambios continuos en el uso del suelo en actividades agrícolas y pecuarias, así como, la ubicación geográfica en sitios afectados por corrientes continuas de viento, han provocado cambios en las características del suelo en un periodo de 40 años. Para identificar tales cambios, se llevó a cabo el presente estudio en la región norte del estado de Zacatecas. Se utilizaron resultados de análisis de laboratorio de 300 muestras obtenidas en 1976 que fueron comparadas contra un número igual de muestras obtenidas en 2016. Al ubicar los sitios de muestreo se generaron imágenes “raster”, por interpolación con “kriging”. Se encontraron diferencias de las determinaciones coincidentes entre ambas bases de datos, al sobreponer ambas imágenes. Se estimó la erosión eólica de 2016 y se asoció los niveles de erosión con los sitios donde se presentaron los cambios. El traslape de imágenes muestra un área de coincidencia donde se incrementó el contenido de arena y el pH del suelo. Tal superficie representa 401 907 ha, de un total de 2 118 000 ha cubiertas por las imágenes. En ella se encontró que en 40 años ha disminuido el calcio en 98% de la superficie, así como, el potasio (59%), la materia orgánica (59%), magnesio (49%) y sodio (35%) con lo que se identificaron áreas de acumulación y pérdidas de suelo asociadas a valores altos de erosión eólica. Se identificaron los vientos predominantes del suroeste que provocan la erosión eólica con valores de 8 a 32 Mg ha-1 en 100 209 ha de acumulación y 233 587 ha de pérdidas en 40 años. Del total identificado 199 753 ha son áreas agrícolas y 202 154 son de uso pecuario. La identificación de áreas ayudará a definir planes y políticas públicas de intervención tecnológica.
Biopelículas en la rizósfera y su papel en la producción de compuestos antimicrobiales en el suelo
Authors: Loera-Muro Abraham , Caamal-Chan María Goretty
Published: September 2023

Las plantas juegan un papel fundamental en los ecosistemas. Al igual que otros organismos vivos, las plantas cuentan con microbiomas que les permiten mantener una buena salud y hacer frente a los diferentes tipos de estrés a los que están sometidas. En este punto, uno de los entornos más complejos y ricos es el microbioma que habita en las raíces de las plantas, la rizósfera. En la rizósfera, hay una compleja red de interacciones que solo recientemente han comenzado a entenderse. Dentro de estas interacciones, la formación de biopelículas en la superficie de la raíz es un paso crucial en el establecimiento de comunidades microbianas en las plantas. Sin embargo, hasta hace pocos años, se ha comenzado a estudiar su importancia en la compleja red de interacciones que se dan entre las plantas y los microorganismos, entre microorganismo-microorganismo y su función para los suelos. En esta revisión, se discuten los últimos avances en el conocimiento de la formación de biopelículas en la rizósfera y su papel en la producción de diferentes compuestos antimicrobianos en los suelos, como diferentes antibióticos, que podrían utilizarse para mejorar los sistemas de producción de alimentos o en beneficio de la salud humana.
The etiological, demographic, and seasonal characteristics of patients with dizziness and vertigo
Authors: Atalay Fatma , Kars Ayhan , Topal Kubra , Anbar Sezai Sacid , Yavuz Zeynep
Published: September 2023

Background/Aim: Vestibular disorders are common and can negatively affect quality of life and result in workforce losses; they can also be life-threatening diseases. As a result, studies of their etiology and treatment approaches are of particular importance. The aim of this study was to analyze the etiological, demographic, and seasonal characteristics of patients presenting to the Kastamonu Training and Research Hospital Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) clinic in Kastamonu, Turkey complaining of vertigo/dizziness.
Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, the files of 1033 patients who presented at the clinic with a report of vertigo/dizziness between September 2020 and September 2021 were examined. The patients’ demographic characteristics, presentation dates, and diagnoses were recorded.
Results: Six hundred and fifty-one patients (63%) were female, and the mean age of the patient cohort was 50.3 years (standard deviation: 16.0 years). Six hundred and twenty-seven patients (60.7%) were identified with chronic subjective dizziness, 302 (29.2%) were identified with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, 18 (1.7%) were identified with vestibular migraine, 7 (0.7%) were identified with bilateral vestibulopathy, 41 (4.0%) were identified with unilateral vestibulopathy, 16 (1.5%) were identified with vestibular neuritis, 6 (0.6%) were identified with Meniere’s disease, 10 (1.0%) were identified with central vertigo/dizziness, 3 (0.3%) were identified with labyrinthitis and 3 (0.3%) were identified with another form of vertigo/dizziness. An increase in the number of cases was observed in the spring, and the number of patients presenting with vertigo/dizziness decreased thereafter and reached a minimum in the fall (P<0.001).
Conclusion: The most common vestibular disorder was chronic subjective dizziness. Vestibular disorders are more common in women and in the spring season. Although ENT specialists generally focus on pathologies of the ear, vertigo/dizziness are symptoms that may involve several etiologies. Meticulous clinical examinations should be performed; the etiological cause and clinical diagnosis in these cases will dictate additional tests to be requested and therapeutic strategies. Due to the broad diagnostic spectrum of these cases, a multidisciplinary approach is also critical.
Evaluation of aflatoxin M1 content in milk and dairy products by high-performance liquid chromatography in Tehran, Iran
Authors: SHABANSALMANİ Nazanin , MOVASSAGHGHAZANİ Mohammadhosein
Published: September 2023

Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is the most important aflatoxin in milk and dairy products, which is carcinogenic and hepatotoxic. This study aimed to evaluate the AFM1 content in the milk and distributed dairy products in Tehran. 75 samples, including 15 samples of raw milk, 15 samples of pasteurized milk, 15 samples of ultra-high temperature milk, 15 samples of pasteurized yogurt, and 15 samples of pasteurized cheese, were collected from October to December 2020 in Tehran by simple random sampling. The dietary exposure or estimated dietary intake (EDI) and hazard index (HI) were calculated for milk and dairy product consumers. The AFM1 content in the samples was determined by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) along with a fluorescence detector. AFM1 was observed in all samples. The values of AFM1 in all samples were higher than the acceptable range determined by the European Union. 100% of milk and yogurt samples and 82% of cheese samples exceeded the Iranian maximum limit (100 ng kg-1 in milk and yogurt, and 250 ng Kg-1 in cheese). Mean AFM1 content in raw milk samples, pasteurized milk samples, UHT milk samples, pasteurized yogurt samples, and pasteurized cheese samples were 337±17.7, 306±15.5, 305±17.4, 320±17.6, and 309±18.5 ng Kg-1, respectively. The highest value of HI was observed in children of Tehran, Iran. Based on the results, the aflatoxin content in milk and distributed dairy products in Tehran in the autumn is inconvenient. It is recommended that the aflatoxin levels should be measured at different times of the year, especially in raw milk, and feed monitoring is intensified for contamination with toxin-producing molds.
Tax Exemptions and Their Role in Creating International Investment Opportunities in Iraq Wasit Tax Authority / Wasit Investment Authority
Authors: Hasan Salam
Published: September 2023

The investment climate is the real vessel for economic life, and thus developing countries realized the need to create a suitable climate for investment in terms of searching for the necessary solutions to the obstacles that prevent this from happening, and the Iraqi economy shares with those countries many links, especially economic ones, so the politics in Iraq are facing A number of challenges, foremost of which is the legal legislation that guarantees the legitimate right to invest in Iraq. This study attempts to highlight the most important guarantees and legal incentives granted by the Iraqi Investment Law No. (13) for the year 2006 to attract foreign investors to Iraq as well as stimulate local investors in it. By creating an environment conducive to investment and guaranteeing the rights of investors.
Analysis the impact of bank credit on growth in the industrial sector in Iraq for the period 2008-2021
Authors: Ramadan Salih
Published: September 2023

This research aims to shed light on the reality of industrial production in Iraq for the period 2008-2021 and on the reality, structure of bank credit granted to the industrial sector (both private and government) in the same period. And then measuring and analyzing the effect of this credit in its two parts on the growth of industrial production for the same period. The research adopted the inductive analytical approach in analyzing the available data on bank credit granted to the industrial sector and the added value of industrial production in Iraq, and the econometric approach through the use of multiple linear regression to measure the impact of bank credit on industrial production in Iraq. The research has come to the conclusion that the percentages of bank credit granted to the Iraqi industrial sector suffer from fluctuation, imbalance, and scarcity, and that this credit does not affect the industrial production process, as it was found to be insignificant. When comparing the credit granted by private banks to the credit granted by government banks, it turns out that there is a defect in the credit structure. As the largest proportions of credit granted to industrialists come from government banks, despite their small numbers, and the lowest percentage comes from private banks, despite their large numbers. It was found that the credit of government banks is not significant and does not affect the industrial production process, while the credit of private banks, despite its scarcity, is significant and influential in the industrial production process
Diabetes-Related-Distress and its Relationship with Glycaemic Control Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Attending a Specialty Clinic in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Omotosho A , Sodipo OO , Malomo SO , Dada AO
Published: September 2023

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease with various complications throughout its course. The presence of emotional burden in diabetes disease, which is referred to as diabetes-related distress (DRD) is common among such patients and may affect their response to treatment.
Objectives: To assess the relationship of diabetes-related distress and glycaemic control among patients with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus.
Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the Family Medicine Department of LASUTH, Ikeja, Lagos. A total of 317 patients with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus were systematically recruited. The data were collected over a four-month period. Important clinical information including clinical characteristics and diabetes-related distress using the diabetes distress scale (DDS-17) was collected. Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was also assessed.
Results: The degrees of DRD were as follows: 54.9% (No/little), 40.1% (moderate) and 5.0% (severe). The mean HbA1c estimate for all participants was 7.83±1.8%. Among the 317 study participants, 67.2% had poor glycaemic control while 32.8% had good glycaemic control. There was a statistically significant association between DRD and glycaemic control (p < 0.001). Likewise, the various domains of DRD had statistically significant associations with glycaemic control with the exception of physician-related domain. Participants with better glycaemic control reported lower levels of DRD than participants with poorer glycaemic control.
Conclusion: There is a high level of diabetes-related distress patients with diabetes mellitus. Good glycaemic control is important in improving or preventing DRD. Therefore, T2DM patients should be screened for DRD during their treatment.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with the Severity of Anaemia among Patients on Chronic Haemodialysis in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Odeyemi A , Ajibare AO , Aderibigbe AA , Amisu MA , Adegboye MO , Awobusuyi JO , Adekoya AO
Published: September 2023

Background: Anaemia is a global public health problem with high mortality and morbidity. It is also a common consequence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). There is a paucity of data on the actual burden of anaemia among patients on chronic haemodialysis (CHD) in Lagos, Nigeria.  
Objectives: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with the severity of anaemia among Nigerian patients undergoing chronic haemodialysis.
Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of adult patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on maintenance haemodialysis at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos. The data extracted from the clinical case files included the bio-demographic and clinical parameters, including the treatment modalities.
Results: A total of 92 patients comprising 69 (75%) males and 23 (25.0%) females with the overall mean age of 48.2±14.0 years were included. Hypertension was the commonest aetiology of CKD and the average duration of haemodialysis was 16.6 months. The commonest access route for haemodialysis was a central line while 96.7% and 81.5% received erythropoietin and intravenous iron sucrose respectively. Seventy-three (79.3%) patients have had intra-dialysis blood transfusions in the past. Mild, moderate, and severe anaemia were recorded in 17%, 67%, and 16% respectively. The use of erythropoietin, iron sucrose, and increased frequency of blood transfusions correlated with the severity of anaemia.
Conclusion: Anaemia is highly prevalent among patients with CKD on chronic haemodialysis. Increased frequency of blood transfusions, inadequate utilization of erythropoietin, and iron sucrose administration are predictors of anaemia severity.
Sonographic Correlations between Intravesical Prostatic Protrusion and Bladder Outlet Obstruction in Patients with Symptomatic Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Obande O , Akinmoladun JA , Aina I , Ogunseyinde AO , Shittu OB
Published: September 2023

Background: Evaluating bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in patients with prostatic enlargement may reflect the severity of the disease and aid in predicting the treatment outcome.
Objectives: To determine the sonological correlation between intravesical prostatic protrusion and bladder outlet obstruction in patients with symptomatic benign prostatic enlargement.
Methods: This prospective study was conducted over one year at the Department of Radiology, University College Hospital, Ibadan. A transabdominal ultrasound scan of the urinary bladder and prostate gland was carried out on patients with prostatic enlargement and BOO. The intravesical prostatic protrusion, pre-and post-void urine volumes, prostate volume and bladder wall thickness were measured.
Results: A total of 132 men aged 43 to 90 years (mean age: 63.8±8.64 years) were studied. The median size of the intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) was 7.25 mm (IQR: 0.00 mm; 14.9 mm). The mean prostate volume was 63.3ml±36.0ml. Most subjects (55; 41.7%) had a prostate volume above 60ml, and most patients (101, 77.2%) had bladder wall thickness less than 5mm. The mean bladder wall thickness was 4.26mm±1.54mm. There was a statistically significant correlation between IPP and pre-void urine volume and prostate volume (p = 0.002 and <0.001, respectively). Patients over 70 years had increasing IPP and post-void urine, which lacked statistical significance (p = 0.15).
Conclusion: The severity of bladder outlet obstruction was reflected in the pre-void urine volume, which correlated with the size of IPP.
Medication Adherence, Barriers to Adherence and Treatment Satisfaction with Antiretroviral Therapy Among Adolescents Living with HIV in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Oluwole EO , Ibidapo DO , Akintan PE , Adegoke AB , Shogbamimu YO
Published: September 2023

Background: The advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in controlling Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) disease has been quite effective in ensuring that infected people can enjoy healthy, long, and productive lives. Medication adherence is an essential part of patient care, especially among patients with HIV, as it greatly determines the effectiveness of treatment. Few studies have explored factors influencing medication adherence and treatment satisfaction among adults, with little focus on adolescents.
Objectives: To assess medication adherence, treatment satisfaction and factors influencing adherence to ART medication among adolescents living with HIV in Lagos, Nigeria.
Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among diagnosed and registered adolescents aged 10-19 years living with HIV and receiving treatment at eight selected antiretroviral centres in Lagos state, Nigeria. A total of 203 adolescents were recruited in stages, and data were collected using an interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire.
Results: There was a low level of adherence as only 59/203 (29.1%) of the respondents adhered to ART. Depression, perceived stigma, being away from home, side effects of drugs, pill burden, and forgetfulness were some factors identified as barriers to adherence. The respondents were most satisfied with the effectiveness of the medication and least satisfied with the side effects.  
Conclusions: Medication adherence among adolescents was relatively low; the level of satisfaction with ART medication is an entity that significantly impacts adherence.
Experiences of Professional Autonomy Among Critical Care Nurses in Kenya: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Njoroge JK , Onsongo L , Githemo G
Published: September 2023

Background: Exercising autonomy allows nurses to demonstrate their knowledge and skills. However, more information is needed about the critical care nurses' perceptions of their professional autonomy in rural areas.
Objective: To explore the perceptions, facilitators and barriers to professional autonomy among critical care nurses in rural Kenya.
Methods: The hermeneutic phenomenological study design was used in this study. Data were collected in a critical care unit using a semi-structured interview guide. A sample of 10 participants were recruited. The study was conducted in Nyeri County Referral Hospital.
Results: Three themes emerged from the study on the nurses' experiences of professional autonomy, perceptions of autonomy, facilitators of autonomy, and barriers to autonomy.
Conclusion: Autonomy undeniably plays a pivotal role in defining the professional status of the nursing profession. Perceptions, facilitators and barriers to professional autonomy form the background of the current professional status. Nurses, therefore, exercise autonomy effectively when it aligns with patient care needs and when a conducive environment supports it.