bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the C3Δ–X3Δ Transition of TiO in Support of Exoplanet Spectroscopy
Authors: Hodges James N. , Bernath Peter F.
Published: August 2018

Recent limitations in the TiO line list used in cross-correlation detection schemes have made the detection and quantification of TiO in exoplanetary atmospheres challenging. The quality of the line list appears to degrade at wavelengths shorter than 630 nm. The C

–X

electronic transition has strong rovibronic bands near 500 nm. In an effort to improve the line list, a spectrum of TiO in a furnace at 1950 K is analyzed, and the assigned lines of the C

–X

transition are fit with the

Hamiltonian in the molecular spectrum fitting software, PGOPHER. Several newly determined molecular constants are reported and the average error in fitting the line positions is 0.017 cm−1 or ∼1 ppm relative error. The new line positions are expected to resolve any problems with cross-correlation templates near 500 nm.
Radio Emission from the Cocoon of a GRB Jet: Implications for Relativistic Supernovae and Off-axis GRB Emission
Authors: Colle Fabio De , Kumar Pawan , Aguilera-Dena David R.
Published: August 2018

Relativistic supernovae constitute a subclass of Type Ic supernovae (SNe). Their nonthermal, radio emission differs notably from that of regular Type Ic supernovae as they have a fast expansion speed (with velocities ∼0.6–0.8 c) which cannot be explained by a “standard” spherical SN explosion, but advocates for a quickly evolving, mildly relativistic ejecta associated with the SN. In this paper, we compute the synchrotron radiation emitted by the cocoon of a long gamma-ray burst jet (GRB). We show that the energy and velocity of the expanding cocoon, and the radio nonthermal light curves and spectra are consistent with those observed in relativistic SNe. Thus, the radio emission from this events is not coming from the SN shock front, but from the mildly relativistic cocoon produced by the passage of a GRB jet through the progenitor star. We also show that the cocoon radio emission dominates the GRB emission at early times for GRBs seen off-axis, and the flux can be larger at late times compared with on-axis GRBs if the cocoon energy is at least comparable with respect to the GRB energy.
Two-zone Diffusion of Electrons and Positrons from Geminga Explains the Positron Anomaly
Authors: Fang Kun , Bi Xiao-Jun , Yin Peng-Fei , Yuan Qiang
Published: August 2018

The recent HAWC observations of a very-high-energy γ-ray halo around Geminga and Monogem indicate a very slow diffusion of cosmic rays that results in a tiny contribution of positrons from these two pulsars to the local flux. This makes the cosmic positron excess anomaly observed by PAMELA and AMS-02 even more puzzling. However, from the boron-to-carbon ratio data one can infer that the average diffusion coefficient in the Galaxy should be much larger. In this work we propose a two-zone diffusion model in which the diffusion is slow only in a small region around the source, outside of which the propagation is as fast as usual. We find that this scenario can naturally explain the positron excess data with parameters even more reasonable than those in the conventional one-zone diffusion model. The reason is that during the lifetime of Geminga (∼300 kyr), the electrons/positrons have propagated too far away with a fast diffusion and led to a low local flux. The slow-diffusion region in the two-zone model helps to confine the electrons/positrons for a long time and lead to an enhancement of the local flux. So under the constraint of the HAWC observations, pulsars are still the probable origin of the cosmic-ray positron excess.
Les Innovations Sociales Numériques dédiées à l’e-participation citoyenne : quelle place pour la CivicTech ?
Authors: Boulesnane Sabrina , Bouzidi Laïd
Published: August 2018

Les Innovations Sociales Numériques (ISN) sont mobilisées dans divers contextes et donnent lieu à des changements sociaux, technologiques et environnementaux. Les ISN émergent principalement des initiatives de la société civile et des politiques publiques. Notre périmètre de recherche se limite au lien gouvernants/gouvernés et à sa construction sociale à travers les ISN de l’e-participation citoyenne. Le phénomène de la CivicTech intègre bien ce centre d’intérêt et parvient à créer de nouveaux rapports à l’information, au numérique, au politique et aux préoccupations écologiques et solidaires entre les acteurs. La CivicTech (abréviation de Civic Technology) regroupe l’usage des technologies pour la démocratie et pour l’engagement civique. Notre travail de recherche porte sur les enjeux de la CivicTech avec un regard exploratoire sur les pratiques au niveau national et international. Nous comprendrons que le développement des ISN de démocratisation, tout en demeurant à l’œuvre au sein des sociétés contemporaines, soulève une complexité tant sociale qu’organisationnelle et numérique que nous devons chercher à comprendre et sur laquelle nous devons essayer d’agir.
Turkey's Renewable Energy Potential
Authors: Gök Suudan Gökçe
Published: August 2018

The energy sector holds a crucial strategic importance for development and its sustainability. However, the energy reserves in Turkey are insufficient for the increasing energy demand. For this reason, the need for alternative energy sources has emerged. The fact that fossil fuels used in energy production will be exhausted and their damaging effects on the environment has made it inevitable for the world to use renewable energy. In Turkey, the following are the main energy sources used in electricity production: hydraulic sources, brown coal, natural gas, coal and fuel oil. The use of renewable energy sources in electricity production has shown a considerable development in the world over the past few decades. However, these energy resources have yet to be exploited to any large extent in Turkey. In this chapter, the range of potential renewable energy resources available for electricity production in Turkey will be analyzed in order to determine the necessary technical substructure to make these renewable energy resources more attractive.
Auditing for Evaluating the Degree of Agile Practices Implementation
Authors: Sakthivel Aravind Raj , Kandasamy Jayakrishna , Vimal KEK
Published: August 2018

The purpose of the study reported in the chapter is to conduct agile audit comprehensively to inculcate agile culture in the organizations. A survey was conducted among 25 automotive component manufacturing organizations located in Tamil Nadu, India. The audit system consists of 149 agile indices grouped among five clusters. The focus of agile audit was to examine whether an organization had adopted agile principles and to construe the phase of agile journey the organization had reached. The audit also specifically gauges whether an organization has really implemented agile principles and the relative position of an organizations compared with other organizations.
Collaboration for Sustainability
Authors: Doganay Ahmet , Ergun Hande Sinem
Published: August 2018

The road to sustainable supply chain (SSC) is passing from suppliers which are the critical elements of supply chain. It is very important to have supply chain collaboration (SCC) with major suppliers to maintain a long-term stable relationship with them. The aim of this chapter is to find the relationship between trust and SCC established with major suppliers. An empirical research is conducted to measure the relationship between trust and SCC with major suppliers. Positive relationships between trust and supply chain collaboration is hypothesized. It is empirically proved that there is a strong positive relation between two constructs. This research will provide theoretical and practical contributions to both academicians and practitioners working in supply chains.
Promoting Ecosystems Conservation and Community-Based Economic Alternatives in a Changing Climate
Authors: Salgueiro Joana , Vieira José Guilherme Moreira Simões , Alves Fátima , Soares Amadeu M. V. M. , Azeiteiro Ulisses Miranda , Morgado Fernando
Published: August 2018

Cananéia is the southernmost city in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. It is a municipality where the tertiary sector is the main contributor to the economy parallel to the maintenance of artisanal fishing activities. The authors perform a study on the impact of tourism in the municipality area (performed through surveys in an attempt to determine how the different population segments [residents, promoters, users] see the activity and its impacts on nature and on the local economy). The majority of tourists surveyed come from the state of São Paulo (83.3%) and the rest of Santa Catarina and Paraná, with ages from 19-25 (36.7%) (70% having higher education). 43.3% of the inquired stated that tourism is not correctly managed (however without relevant environmental impacts). 93.3% of the boaters and 66.7% of the interviewed referred lack of information about the sites ecology and the drivers of change of biodiversity, ecosystem services, and climate change. Questionnaires results clearly demonstrated the need for visitor information and interpretation envisaging sustainable tourism implementation.
Managing Natural Heritage Resources and Tourism in Campeche, Mexico
Authors: Rivera-Arriaga Evelia , Williams-Beck Lorraine A. , Tapia Ramón H. Zetina
Published: August 2018

Natural heritage sites and natural protected areas (NPAs) attract tourism. However, positive/negative connotations correlate visitors with such places. While they may represent benefits and opportunities for the conservation and wellbeing of local communities, they also can produce direct and indirect adverse impacts that alter and destroy ecosystems and natural resources. This collateral damage affects all parties and natural and biocultural contexts involved. Through case studies in Campeche and Mexico's southern states region, the authors argue that drafting precise management schemes for these natural heritage sites and NPAs are key factors to promoting sustainability, particularly by adding community input and true ecotourism activities into their planning strategies.
Tourism and Natural Capital
Authors: Houdet Joël , Browne Michelle , Lewis Fonda
Published: August 2018

There is growing concern that ongoing degradation of natural capital, due to various global and local drivers of change, will compromise the delivery of the ecosystem services on which the tourism industry relies. This chapter aims to explore the relationships between natural capital and tourism. The chapter first provides an introduction to the inter-dependencies between business and natural capital and presents an overview of the tourism sector in South Africa. The focus then shifts to conceptualizing the links between tourism and natural capital, focusing on inland freshwater systems. A conceptual framework of the interactions between natural capital and the tourism sector is presented and key links between hydrologic ecosystem services and the tourism sector are described. In the final section, the risks of increasingly stressed water resources on tourism and the South African economy are explored.
Organizational Configuration and Relationship With the Environment
Authors: Barbosa Gonçalo Marques , Parente Cristina
Published: August 2018

This chapter aims to address science and technology parks as organizational structures that promote links between universities and start-up companies. The authors conducted a case study to the Science and Technology Park of the University of Oporto (UPTEC), based on an interpretative and comprehensive epistemological point of view and a mix-methods approach. The analytical focus was on studying the genesis and development of this STP, its internal organization—functional areas and service range—and its different roles. This case study highlighted the benefits of the development of internal subsystems in a STP, which focused mainly in the incubation role. It also stresses UPTEC as a strong illustration of the triple-helix principles. At the same time, this case presented an imbalance in importance of those subsystems and a lack of result tracking as the biggest challenges faced by this STP.
Green School Leadership
Authors: Shaimemanya Cornelia Ndahambelela Shimwooshili , Shihomeka Sadrag Panduleni
Published: August 2018

The purpose of the chapter was to examine the leadership practices of school principals whose agenda is to green the schools in an effort to achieve sustainability in Namibia and build environmental knowledge of the Namibian secondary school learners. The study was qualitative and used a purposive sampling of eight teachers and environmental clubs at three selected schools in the Khomas education region. The results revealed that these teachers hold a non-remunerative position of coordinating for the Environmental Club as an extra-mural responsibility and they were doing it because of their natural love for the environment and interest in educating the young and future generations about sustainability/sustainable living. The chapter recommends that the school management should provide maximum support to the practicing and responsible green school project coordinators at various schools to motivate and guide them when necessary.
Embroidery, Resilience, and Discovery
Authors: Baker Sarah Joy
Published: August 2018

This chapter explores how embroidery as a visual mapping tool can address situations of historical trauma and increase community resilience through a process of conscientisation and grassroots organizing. The author will draw from her fieldwork with a group of indigenous Wayuu women in the Guajira Peninsula in northern Colombia, a region that has been significantly affected by climate change and decades of armed conflict. The women created embroidered maps of their daily lives, analyzed these maps for common themes and challenges, identified the root causes of the oppression they experience daily, and discussed action steps to address these power disparities. The author suggests that embroidery is a powerful healing tool for engaging indigenous women in a dignified manner by illuminating their narratives of resilience in order to address historical trauma.
Collaborative Art and Relationships
Authors: Hitz Tessa L.
Published: August 2018

This study supports the value of collaborative visual artmaking in the pursuit of strong relationships, healthy bonding, and the development of the whole child. Based on educational, artistic, and child development theory, this mixed-methods study utilized arts-based collaborative experiences to measure potential growth in the areas of bonding, attachment, and relationship development between child and caregiver pairs (dyads). Through informal art-making sessions, caregivers and their child experienced collaborative artmaking and rated their own personal view of their relationship and bond with their dyad partner in pre and post-assessment surveys, through interviews and storytelling, and through observation using a bonding assessment chart. It was found that collaborative artmaking does indeed have a positive effect on the deepening of relationships and supports an increase in positive family behaviors and dynamics.
Nuances of Media Planning in New Media Age
Authors: Pillai Anandan Pandiyan
Published: August 2018

This chapter aims to highlight the premises of traditional media planning process, create cognizance about the challenges that media planner today faces. A brief overview of extant literature on media planning, new media, is discussed. The author discusses media planning approach needs to consider marketing funnel and communication plan in consideration while building media plans. Further the chapter suggests a few additional steps that media planners need to consider during their future media planning exercises, given the increasing complexities in media consumption space. The author has mapped each of the media planning stages with the marketing funnel stage to emphasize that media planning is not an independent activity but needs to be closely stitched with the overall marketing strategy. Finally, future research recommendations are suggested.
A Methodological Consideration and Methodological Design Suitable to Examine Teenage Pregnancy
Authors: Jordan Melissa
Published: August 2018

Teen pregnancy can be a sensitive topic, and understanding how to capture significant, rich, and robust information from this unique population will depend on the research methodological design implemented by the researcher. Understanding the unique challenges faced by teenage mothers and developing strategies for them to overcome these challenges will likely improve their educational and social experiences in the future. It can also deter teenagers from future practices that could lead to risky behaviors resulting in teenage motherhood. There are several methodological research designs that can be used to examine teen pregnancy. This chapter will discuss phenomenological methods and why they could be considered the best suited in understanding this phenomenon.
Psychosocial and Cultural Contributing Factors of Teen Pregnancy in North America
Authors: Shema Claude R.
Published: August 2018

Teen pregnancy is a concern not only for parents, but for the society and nation as well due to the numerous risks that come along with it. Teen pregnancy has been linked to deaths and other subsequent related psychological consequences, such as trauma and depression, as well as to socioeconomic issues such as financial hurdles and social isolation. So far, risk factors such as lack of sexual knowledge and reproductive health awareness have been associated with teen pregnancy. However, seldom considered factors like individual biological circumstances, such as early psychophysiological maturing, conduct issues, parenting deficit, or family instability and family dynamic can also be leading risk factors associated with teen pregnancy. This chapter explores the potential risk factors associated with teen pregnancy in North America (Canada, United States, and Mexico) from a biopsychological aspect, multi-ethnic, sociocultural, and economic diversity context. The chapter is a compilation of literature of possible risk factors associated with teenage pregnancy in North America.
Feature Based Opinion Mining
Authors: Batra Mridula , Jyoti Vishaw
Published: August 2018

Opinion mining is the estimated learning of user's beliefs, evaluation and sentiments about units, actions and its features. This method has several features matched with data mining techniques, language processing methods and feature oriented data abstraction. This seems to be extremely difficult to mine opinions from analysis those exist in common human used language. Views are very essentials when one desires to construct a judgment. Data abstraction is an important characteristic for decision making applicable to individuals and organization of different nature. While selecting and purchasing a particular product, it is always beneficial for an individual to collect other views for correct decision making. One association wants to conduct surveys and gather opinions to develop their product excellence. Internet as a source of information, having a number of websites available with the customer reviews as a number of products, it is easy to extract the features from these opinions, sentiments and view, is a task comes under feature-based opinion mining.
Deep Learning for Opinion Mining
Authors: Vanani Iman Raeesi , Amirhosseini Morteza
Published: August 2018

In this chapter, through introducing the deep learning and relation between deep learning and artificial intelligence, and especially machine learning, the authors discuss machine learning and deep learning techniques, the literature focuses on applied deep learning techniques for extracting opinions. It can be found that opinion mining without using deep learning is not meaningful. In this way, authors mention the history of deep learning and appearance of it and some important and useful deep learning algorithms for opinion mining; learning methods and customized deep learning techniques for opinion mining will also be described to understand how these algorithms and techniques are used as an applicable solution. Future trends of deep learning in opinion mining are introduced through some clues about the applications and future usages of deep learning and opinion mining and how intelligent agents develop automatic deep learning. Finally, authors have summarized different sections of the chapter at conclusion.
Sentimental Analysis Tools
Authors: Sunil M. E.  , Vinay S.
Published: August 2018

Opinion mining, also known as sentimental analysis, is the analysis of sentiment (emotion, affection, experience) towards the target object. In the present era, everyone is interested to know the opinions of others before making a decision or performing a task. Hence, it is necessary to collect the information (features) from relatives, friends, or web. These opinions or feedbacks help them to decide their action. With the advent of social media and use of digital technologies, web is a huge resource for data. However, it is time-consuming to read the data collected from the web and analyze it to arrive at informed decisions. This chapter provides complete overview of tools to simplify the operations of opinion mining like data collection, data cleaning, and visualization of predicted sentiment.
Case Study
Authors: Verma Amit , Kaur Iqbaldeep , Sharma Dolly , Singh Inderjeet
Published: August 2018

Recruitment process takes place based on needed data while certain limiting factors are ignored. The objective of the chapter is to recruit best employees while taking care of limiting factors from the cluster for resource management and scheduling. Various parameters of the recruits have been selected to find the maximum score achieved by them. Recruitment process makes a database as cluster in the software environment perform the information retrieval on the database and then perform data mining using genetic algorithm while taking care of the positive values in contrast to limiting values received from the database. A bigger level recruitment process finds required values of a person, so negative points are ignored earlier in the recruitment process because there is no direct way to compare them. Genetic algorithm will create output in the form of chromosomal form. Again, apply information retrieval to get actual output. Major application of this process is that it will improve the selection process of candidates to a higher level of perfection in less time.
Cloud- and IoT-Powered Smart Connected Cities
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Chouhan Lokesh , Songara Ankit
Published: August 2018

The internet of things (IoT) is rising at a stunning rate. Consistently, every day, the presence of new gadgets, cameras, cell phones, and sensors these are associated with the internet. It is envisioned IoT will find, coordinate, and make utilization of such gadgets and their information in the advance of new service and items that can change and emphatically blow our lives. Presently, IoT and cloud computing are the hottest area used by the researchers. In any case, to the best of the authors' insight, these works do not have a point-by-point investigation of the new Cloud-IoT worldview, which includes totally new applications, challenges, and research issues. To connect this hole, this chapter gives a review on the reconciliation of Cloud and IoT. Beginning by describing basics of both IoT and cloud computing, the authors examine their complementarity, itemizing what is at present heading to their integration. At the end this chapter, the authors describe the smart roadside assistance for smart communities.
Towards a Better and Smarter Healthcare and IoT
Authors: Kumar Navin
Published: August 2018

The amount of healthcare data continues to exponentially grow everyday. The complexity of this data further limits the analytical capabilities of traditional healthcare systems. With value-based care, it is far more imminent for healthcare organizations to control the costs and to improve the quality of care in order to sustain their business. The purpose of the chapter is to gain insights into complexities and challenges that exist in current healthcare systems and how big data analytics and IoT can play a pivotal role to positively influence the quality of care and patient outcomes. The chapter also provides solutions and strategies for building cloud-based data asset that can deliver rich data analytics to both the healthcare systems and the patients.
Smart City Solutions for India
Authors: Nagargoje Shekhar Vishnu , Somani Gaurvav Krishna , Sutaria Mehul Manjibhai , Jha Navneet
Published: August 2018

Indian Government has proposed to develop 100 Smart Cities and 500 AMRUT (Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation) Cities in its overall commitment of sustainable development. The proposed study aims at documenting the potential and need of developing Smart cities in India, to understand smart city principles and various dimensions of smart city adopted in various parts of the world which will further help in deriving recommendations and lessons for India's future smart cities. The objective of this study is to generate learning and exploration that will improve confidence in civic authorities, experts, city planners, developers; and help stimulate further private sector investment in developing Smart cities of India.
Smart City Governance
Authors: Bernardo Maria do Rosário Matos
Published: August 2018

Smart governance is one of the characteristics of smart cities, having its roots in e-government, in the principles of good governance, and in the assumptions of citizens' participation and involvement in public decision-making. This chapter aims to answer the question: “What smart governance practices are being implemented in smart cities” through an extensive literature review in the areas of e-government, good governance, smart cities and smart governance, and content analysis of the websites of seven smart cities: Amsterdam, Barcelona, Copenhagen, Lisbon, Manchester, Singapore, and Stockholm. The objective was to identify the presence of factors related with e-participation; e-services; and public administration functioning on the cities' websites. The chapter ends with directions for future research and the conclusion that all the smart cities analyzed presented some factors related with smart governance, but with different levels of development and application.
Developing Smart Regions
Authors: Priano Felix Herrera , Armas Rafael Lopez , Guerra Cristina Fajardo
Published: August 2018

Transforming a city into a smart city is a long and complex process. If the aim is to modify large areas (regions/territories), the problem becomes significantly harder. Contrary to what might be expected, combining N smart cities within the same territory will not necessarily lead to a smart region. Although there are several smart-region experiments of an international nature, there is still no benchmark to facilitate this task. In the case of island territories, this task is made less complex due to the common problems that characterize them. This paper analyzes these characteristics, seeks common patterns and proposes a model for the smart development of island territories in an effort to harmonize and optimize the available resources by providing for smart planning that is more orderly, uniform and efficient. To compare the model, we used as a reference the Smart Island proposal designed by the government of Spain as part of its National Plan for Smart Cities (Ministry of Industry, Energy and Tourism, 2015a).
Smart City Portals for Public Service Delivery
Authors: Peters Christoph , Korthaus Axel , Kohlborn Thomas
Published: August 2018

The future cities of our societies need to integrate their citizens into a value-co-creation process in order to transform to smart cities with an increased quality of life for their citizens. Therefore, administrations need to radically improve the delivery of public services, providing them citizen- and user-centric. In this context, online portals represent a cost effective front-end to deliver services and engage customers and new organizational approaches as back-ends which decouple the service interface from the departmental structures emerged. The research presented in this book chapter makes two main contributions: Firstly, the findings of a usability study comparing the online presences of the Queensland Government, the UK Government and the South Australian Government are reported and discussed. Secondly, the findings are reflected in regard to a broader “Transformational Government” approach and current smart city research and developments. Service bundling and modularization are suggested as innovative solutions to further improve online service delivery.
Building Smarter Cities Through Social Entrepreneurship
Authors: Bernardino Susana , Santos J. Freitas
Published: August 2018

The objective of the present study is to examine the extent to which social ventures are able to increase the “smartness” of cities. To achieve this goal, we adopt a qualitative approach using a case study method to obtain valuable insights about different characteristics and strategies of Cais (a non-profit association dedicated to helping disadvantaged people in urban areas). Through our analysis of Cais's activities, we assess whether its social interventions match the dimensions proposed by Giffinger et al. (2007) to rank smart cities' performance; specifically, it has smart: economy, people, governance, mobility, environment, and living. The research shows that the action pursued comprises elements from all the above-mentioned dimensions. Further, the analysis reveals that Cais reinforces the smartness of the city in which it acts (in terms of attributes such as living, economy, people, and environment).
Recommendations for Natural Resources Conservation in the Influence Areas of Cities
Authors: Niţă Mihai Răzvan , Niculae Mihăiţă Iulian , Onose Diana Andreea , Pătroescu Maria , Vânău Gabriel Ovidiu , Ciocănea Cristiana Maria
Published: August 2018

As urban development has become an increasing problem, urban planning is required to integrate social and economical needs with the sustainable use of natural resources. Since the urban development is favoured by the amount and diversity of the natural resources (land, mineral resources, green areas, aquatic surfaces) available in the area of influence of the cities and its negative externalities aren't limited inside the urban limits the conservation of those resources became an important issue in the scientific circles. Lately planners have been using GIS techniques and remote sensing, based on international and local databases, in finding the most probable scenarios and the best available solutions in order to promote a sustainable development of urban areas. Four models of natural resources conservation have proved effective in the influence areas of cities: protected areas, yellow-green belts, regional parks and oxygen generating surfaces. The establishment and management of these can be better realised by GIS techniques, because of their efficiency and ease of use, the suitability and general availability of data.
Internet of Things for Smart Cities
Authors: Khare Pallavi , Khare Akhil
Published: August 2018

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals or people that are provided with unique identifiers and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. The Internet of Things (IoT) shall be able to incorporate transparently and seamlessly a large number of different and heterogeneous end systems, while providing open access to selected subsets of data for the development of a plethora of digital services. Building a general architecture for the IoT is hence a very complex task, mainly because of the extremely large variety of devices, link layer technologies, and services that may be involved in such a system.
Entrepreneurial Ecosystems
Authors: Carvalho Luísa Cagica
Published: August 2018

Regional development is founded on creative and dynamic territories, where several partners collaborate to create ideal conditions to improve life living, business, job creation and regional competitiveness. Smart cities use networks to promote economic and political efficiency and to allow social, cultural and urban development. These regions present high standards respecting some indicators associated with, innovation, creativity, environment, life quality, entrepreneurial activities and support facilities. Entrepreneurial ecosystems are an important dimension for a region or city to become smart. These entrepreneurial ecosystems emerge as a compromise to foster entrepreneurship and economic development in a regional context. This chapter has two folds. Firstly, it aims to the discussion of core concepts, such as, smart city and how to define an entrepreneurial ecosystem. It also aims to its features, to understand if an entrepreneurial ecosystem is born or made and it pretends to show an example of a smart start-up city, which is the case of Lisbon.
Information Security and Ecosystems in Smart Cities
Authors: Touq Ahmed Bin , Ijeh Anthony
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this article is to evaluate the impact of ecosystems on Information Security in Smart Cities using Dubai as a case study. Innovative interconnected systems can affect the integrity of the information used by residents and citizens if not properly secured. The case study research method was used to examine the impact of the Internet of Everything on secure information exchanges. Data collected from the case study was used to assess the smartness of the urban development in managing its communication processes and information assets in a secure and confidential manner. The limitations of the study are found in its focus on one single city. By evaluating processes used to obtain information from interconnected systems, steps can be taken that would help to reduce threats in thriving innovative urban environments. The findings support the theory and perceptions held by management practitioners and information security specialists.
Civic Crafting in Urban Planning Public Consultation
Authors: Mather Lisa Ward , Robinson Pamela
Published: August 2018

Minecraft is a popular video game that allows players to interact with a 3D environment. Users report that it is easy to learn and understand, is engaging and immersive, and is adaptable. Outside North America it has been piloted for urban planning public consultation processes. However, this game has not yet been studied to determine how and whether it could be used for this purpose. Using key informant interviews, this study asked practicing urban planners to assess Minecraft's potential. Key findings address Minecraft's usefulness as a visualization tool, its role in building public trust in local planning processes, the place of play in planning, and the challenges associated with its use in public consultation. The paper concludes with reflections as to how this game could effectively be used for public consultation, and offers key lessons for urban planners whose practice intersects with our digitally-enabled world.
Implementation of Social Media Concepts for E-Government
Authors: Díaz-Díaz Raimundo , Pérez-González Daniel
Published: August 2018

Some governments have proven social media's potential to generate value through co-creation and citizen participation, and municipalities are increasingly using these tools in order to become smart cities. Nevertheless, few public administrations have taken full advantage of all the possibilities offered by social media and, as a consequence, there is a shortage of case studies published on this topic. By analyzing the case study of the platform Santander City Brain, managed by the City Council of Santander (Spain), the current work contributes to broaden the knowledge on ambitious social media projects implemented by local public administrations for e-Government; therefore, this case can be useful for other public sector's initiatives. The case studied herein proves that virtual social media are effective tools for civil society, as it is able to set the political agenda and influence the framing of political discourse; however, they should not be considered as the main channel for citizen participation. Among the results obtained, the authors have found that several elements are required: the determination and involvement of the government, a designated community manager to follow up with the community of users, the secured privacy of its users, and a technological platform that is easy to use. Additionally, the Public Private Partnership model provides several advantages to the project, such as opening new sources of funding.
Cities Really Smart and Inclusive
Authors: Albuquerque Cristina Maria Pinto
Published: August 2018

This chapter discusses the idea that a really smart city needs not only to innovate in technologies, but also to assure that these innovations will increase social capital and participation possibilities to all citizens. In this domain ICT's to promote new forms of democratic engagement, collective collaboration or creativity stimulation are very important components of a really smart city, more human and social-valued. The focus of the discussion is thus the potential of Smart Cities to develop new possibilities to reduce social isolation and to increase new forms of autonomy, and the factors to have in consideration to avoid digital-divide. The chapter debates also questions associated with the use of surveillance and registration processes and the connected issues of liberty and privacy versus security.
Towards Smart Cities in Turkey?
Authors: Okay Esin
Published: August 2018

The earth faces huge environmental changes and climate problems leading to catastrophic failure of our sources and surroundings. Besides, the world suffers from urban and industrial wastes and that is a double whammy which disrupts the ecological maintenance. Energy is a big issue for achieving ecological welfare and sustainability. Carbon energy sources that destruct the living standards of cities act against global ecology damaging health. However, the renewable energy sources are healtiful, clean and cheap. Environment and cities where we live can only be protected with creative eco-energy. Nowadays, the future of global ecology is to create a world with zero-carbon cities. Turkey, as a developing country finally solved the energy problem and implemented policies to improve renewables and energy efficiency. Although Turkey has a huge potential of renewable energy resources, the progress of the energy market is still slow that it's not widespread and transitioned to urban planning, yet.
The Role Corporate Social Responsibility Has in the Smart City Project in Spain
Authors: López-Arranz Mª Asunción
Published: August 2018

The object and justification of this chapter is to analyse how Smart Cities will have an impact on workers' social welfare. Another aspect is the opportunity for businesses immersed in Smart Cities to improve working conditions through corporate social responsibility, reverting in this way to the society all that they have to offer. The future of employment in Smart Cities is analysed. Anyway, the realisation of the present work also has allowed to check how finds Spain in the implantation of this model of Cities and as they are involved the Spanish companies. In this sense, the investigation after an unproductive analysis and conceptual of the terms business social responsibility and smart quote analyses the implication of the right of the work in the new cities through the repercussion of these in the conditions of work of the workers taken by the companies so much of the small, of the average as of the big company, to finish with conclusions. It analyses the normative activity that Spain has developed specifically in this regard and his plans in the aim 20/20.
Policing Online Aggression
Authors: McNeal Ramona S. , Kunkle Susan M. , Schmeida Mary
Published: August 2018

Research argues that to address bullying/cyberbullying it will take the larger school community including teachers, families, health professionals, etc. The same can be said for other forms of aggression. This chapter provides an overview of the literature on what each member of the larger community can do to curtail the spread of online aggression. The chapter concludes by examining the effectiveness of recommendations for individuals for protecting themselves from becoming victims of online aggression as well as strategies for parents to protect their children from becoming victims of cyberbullying. Multivariate statistical methods and survey data from the PEW Research Center for the years 2013 and 2014 were used in this analysis.
Gender Violence in Academia
Authors: Kousar Hina
Published: August 2018

This is an exploratory research conducted in three universities of Delhi – University ‘X', University ‘Y' and University ‘Z'. The objective is to study the scope and incidence of various types of sexual violence behaviors experienced by women on campus: undergraduate women; postgraduate women; research scholars; and faculty. This chapter explores types, kind and nature of sexually harassing behaviors; sexual harassment, rape, sexual assault, stalking, and intimate partner violence, experienced by women in campus; the occurrence of different type of behavior among women in age group of 18 to 65 years. Finding indicates 80 percent acknowledged sexual and psychologically offensive behavior. About 70 percent of total sample acknowledged that they were sexually assaulted. A very small percent 2 percent acknowledged of being attempted raped and 89 percent underwent stalking.
Forensic Psychiatric Analysis of Juvenile Delinquency and Sexual Abuse Perspective
Authors: Shema Claude R.
Published: August 2018

This chapter describes how, although, sexual offenders commit sexual offences as a source of pleasure to themselves, sometimes with harm intended, the vast majority of victims endure long-lasting adverse impacts that affect them in all aspects of life. Juvenile delinquency has become much more prevalent, or more so known in the age of digital media and enhanced communication. Thus, the rapid evolvement and revolutionized media has made the issue more known to the communities and society, as the families and stakeholders seek for reasons behind the rise of sexual assaults, and possible strategies to tackle the pandemic. Although, it has often been perceived as a maladaptive and learning related behavior, literature suggests that majority of the juvenile delinquents suffer from psychological and psychiatric disorders, from mild, moderate to severe psychiatric disorders. The most prevalent disorders found were: ADHD, substance abuse disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, conduct disorder, FASD and oppositional defiance disorder to be the most prevalent among juvenile delinquents.
Intersectional Analysis of the Social Determinants of Child Maltreatment in Zimbabwe
Authors: Chiweshe Manase Kudzai
Published: August 2018

Child maltreatment in Zimbabwe is a pervasive and structural phenomenon that requires a grounded analysis to understand its drivers and impact. This chapter is focused on providing extensive literature review of work done focusing on child maltreatment in Zimbabwe. It provides an analysis of emerging patterns of child maltreatment in Zimbabwe, arguing that children are found within multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination. The social determinants outlined in this chapter are not mutually exclusive but rather reinforce each other. This makes the problem of child maltreatment complex and multifarious. Child maltreatment is variously described as any form (physical, emotional or symbolic) of abuse of a child or children. The paper discusses the intersection of various factors that cause child maltreatment including: Culture, gender norms, religion, poverty, age, social location, class, HIV status, orphanhood, disability, domestic violence, blended families, new media and child carers. Children are the most vulnerable group of people because of their position in society.
Sexual Harassment of Women in Workplace in India
Authors: Thakre Amit Gopal
Published: August 2018

Therapeutic Jurisprudence is legal conscience seeking for a fully-functional system that involves collaboration of sensitized judiciary, academicians and practitioners, working in a congenial environment which collectively facilitates in healing process of the victim. Similar to the principles of Therapeutic Jurisprudence, preventive laws too aims for more humane approach with regard to legal matters. In fact, preventive laws may also be viewed as ‘pro-therapeutic jurisprudence'. In a more comprehensive and treatment oriented legal service system, prevention has to have prominence over healing goals. Laying emphasis on preventive law does not negate the importance of healing objectives set forth by Therapeutic Jurisprudence rather preventive laws supplements to the overall aim of enabling ‘healing power of law'. An ideal system would be wherein preventive laws are implemented effectively and therapeutic jurisprudence works efficiently. This chapter aims to assess the implementation of preventive laws and practicing of therapeutic justice for victims of sexual harassment in New Delhi, India.
CAM Recommended by Standard Guidelines for Chronic Illnesses
Authors: Casarin Annalisa
Published: August 2018

This chapter will focus on guidelines for clinical practice that mention a range of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) techniques. After exploring the definition and grading of clinical practice guidelines as a decision-making tool, the CAM methods included in the review will be described. A definition of chronic diseases will be provided and an overview of the current clinical practice guidelines on a number of prevalent conditions will be presented. Guidelines released by several international regulatory organisations will be compared in order to detect which CAM techniques have been or not been recommended for chronic illnesses in different countries. The challenges in implementing and appraising guidelines will be finally discussed.
Psychophysiological Rationale for Use of Yoga in Heart Disease
Authors: Manchanda Subhash , Madan Kushal
Published: August 2018

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. The main reason for increase of CVD is considered to be unhealthy lifestyle consistent of high fat, refined diet, psychosocial stress, lack of exercise and tobacco. In spite of several recent advances in the management of CVD the incidence is rapidly increasing specially in the developing countries and their economic burden is huge. There is a need for new cost effective and safe strategy to control this growing epidemic of CVD. Yoga may be such an alternative for controlling CVD. Several research studies suggest that yoga may be promising technique for primary and secondary prevention of CVD and these will be reviewed briefly in this chapter.
Research-Based Applied Psychophysiology
Authors: Narahari Saravu , Aggithaya Madhur Guruprasad , Ryan Terence J.
Published: August 2018

The lymphedema is a disfiguring and disabling disease caused by dysfunction of lymphatic system due to damage/block or by lymph overload. Breast Cancer Related Lmyphedema and elephantiasis due to Lymphatic Filariasis are most prevalent world over. This chapter describes the yoga protocols used as a part of integrative medicine treatment, to treat lymphedema. Patients perform yoga in two sessions. It includes warm up, breathing, prolonged exercise with appropriate rests and relaxation. Yoga helps to drain lymph though various mechanisms. Asanas focus on dermal stretch, joint movement, muscle pumps and muscle stretch and pranayamas on lung expansion. Yoga also provides knee strengthening, gait correction and improves shoulder movement. Joint movements and muscle contractions are designed to mimic nodal drainage. Yoga sequence is arranged to achieve a similar role of manual lymph drainage as that of Foldi's Complex Decongestive Therapy. Yoga as a self-care in lymphedema is an effective treatment in endemic communities albeit not supported by randomized controlled trials.