bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global genomic similarity and core genome sequence diversity of the Streptococcus genus as a toolkit to identify closely related bacterial species in complex environments
Authors: Barajas Hugo R. , Romero Miguel F. , Martínez-Sánchez Shamayim , Alcaraz Luis D.
Published: January 2019

Background

The Streptococcus genus is relevant to both public health and food safety because of its ability to cause pathogenic infections. It is well-represented (>100 genomes) in publicly available databases. Streptococci are ubiquitous, with multiple sources of isolation, from human pathogens to dairy products. The Streptococcus genus has traditionally been classified by morphology, serum types, the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene, and multi-locus sequence types subject to in-depth comparative genomic analysis.

Methods

Core and pan-genomes described the genomic diversity of 108 strains belonging to 16 Streptococcus species. The core genome nucleotide diversity was calculated and compared to phylogenomic distances within the genus Streptococcus. The core genome was also used as a resource to recruit metagenomic fragment reads from streptococci dominated environments. A conventional 16S rRNA gene phylogeny reconstruction was used as a reference to compare the resulting dendrograms of average nucleotide identity (ANI) and genome similarity score (GSS) dendrograms.

Results

The core genome, in this work, consists of 404 proteins that are shared by all 108 Streptococcus. The average identity of the pairwise compared core proteins decreases proportionally to GSS lower scores, across species. The GSS dendrogram recovers most of the clades in the 16S rRNA gene phylogeny while distinguishing between 16S polytomies (unresolved nodes). The GSS is a distance metric that can reflect evolutionary history comparing orthologous proteins. Additionally, GSS resulted in the most useful metric for genus and species comparisons, where ANI metrics failed due to false positives when comparing different species.

Discussion

Understanding of genomic variability and species relatedness is the goal of tools like GSS, which makes use of the maximum pairwise shared orthologous sequences for its calculation. It allows for long evolutionary distances (above species) to be included because of the use of amino acid alignment scores, rather than nucleotides, and normalizing by positive matches. Newly sequenced species and strains could be easily placed into GSS dendrograms to infer overall genomic relatedness. The GSS is not restricted to ubiquitous conservancy of gene features; thus, it reflects the mosaic-structure and dynamism of gene acquisition and loss in bacterial genomes.
The expression of chondrogenesis-related and arthritis-related genes in human ONFH cartilage with different Ficat stages
Authors: Chen Gaoyang , Zhong Lei , Wang Qingyu , Li Zhaoyan , Shang Jing , Yang Qiwei , Du Zhenwu , Wang Jincheng , Song Yang , Zhang Guizhen
Published: January 2019

Background

It has been well known that the degeneration of hip articular cartilage with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) increases the instability of hip and accelerates the development process of ONFH. A better understanding of the expression of chondrogenesis-related and arthritis-related genes of cartilage along with the progression of ONFH seems to be essential for further insight into the molecular mechanisms of ONFH pathogenesis.

Methods

We analyzed the differentially expressed gene profile (GSE74089) of human hip articular cartilage with ONFH. The functions and pathway enrichments of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed via GO and KEGG analysis. The expression of six selected critical chondrogenesis-related and four arthritis-related genes in eight human hip articular cartilage with femoral neck fracture (FNF) and 26 human hip articular cartilage with different stages ONFH (6 cases of Ficat stage II, 10 cases of Ficat stage III and 10 cases of Ficat stage IV) were detected.

Results

A total of 2,174 DEGs, including 1,482 up-regulated and 692 down-regulated ones, were obtained in the ONFH cartilage specimens compared to the control group. The GO and KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that the function of these DEGs mainly enriched in extracellular matrix, angiogenesis, antigen processing and presentation. The results showed a significant stepwise up-expression of chondrogenesis-related genes, including MMP13, ASPN, COL1A1, OGN, COL2A1 and BMP2, along with the progression of ONFH. The arthritis-related genes IL1β, IL6 and TNFα were only found up-expressed in Ficat IV stage which indicated that the arthritis-related molecular changes were not significant in the progression of ONFH before Ficat III stage. However, the arthritis-related gene PTGS2 was significant stepwise up-expression along with the progression of ONFH which makes it to be a sensitive arthritis-related biomarker of ONFH.

Conclusion

Expression changes of six chondrogenesis-related and four arthritis-related genes were found in hip articular cartilage specimens with different ONFH Ficat stages. These findings are expected to a get a further insight into the molecular mechanisms of ONFH progression.
CONCEPÇÕES DE EDUCAÇÃO NA EDUCAÇÃO DO CAMPO: ELEMENTOS PARA UMA CRÍTICA NECESSÁRIA
Authors: Titton Mauro
Published: January 2019

<!-- @page { margin: 2cm } P { margin-bottom: 0.21cm; direction: ltr; color: #000000; widows: 0; orphans: 0 } P.western { font-family: "Liberation Serif", "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt } P.cjk { font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; font-size: 12pt; so-language: zh-CN } P.ctl { font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; font-size: 12pt; so-language: hi-IN } -->
O artigo apresenta análise que buscou identificar os fundamentos da concepção educacional que sustenta a educação do campo. Teve por campo empírico os Cadernos da Coleção 'Por uma Educação do Campo' e as políticas educacionais, e por objetivo verificar como as relações entre educação e realidade atual têm marcado o desenvolvimento teórico-prático da educação do campo. Identificou-se que há opções teóricas utilizadas para a formulação da educação do campo que interditam a possibilidade de dar inteligibilidade às concretas relações de produção da educação e de sua articulação à uma estratégia de superação do capital, e que há possibilidades de essência nas experiências e na atividade de uma organização revolucionária, como o MST.
Imperialismo: fase superior do capitalismo.
Authors: Lenin Vladirmir Iilich Ulianov
Published: January 2019

O livro O Imperialismo, Fase Superior do Capitalismo foi escrito em Janeiro-Junho de 1916 em Zurique. Lénine assinalou os novos fenómenos no desenvolvimento do capitalismo muito antes do início da Primeira Guerra Mundial. Numa série de trabalhos escritos de 1895 a 1913, Lénine revelou e analisou certos traços característicos da época do imperialismo: a concentração da produção e o crescimento dos monopólios, a exportação do capital, a luta pela conquista de novos mercados e esferas de influência, a internacionalização das relações económicas, o parasitismo e a decomposição do capitalismo, o crescimento das contradições entre o trabalho e o capital e a agudização da luta de classes, a criação das premissas materiais para a passagem ao socialismo. Lénine dedicou uma atenção especial ao desmascaramento da política colonial de pilhagem, da luta pela partilha do mundo, da preparação de guerras imperialistas de conquista. Lénine ocupou-se do estudo aprofundado da fase monopolista de desenvolvimento do capitalismo desde o início da Primeira Guerra Mundial. Isso era exigido pelos interesses da luta revolucionária da classe operária da Rússia e de outros países capitalistas. Para a correcta direcção do movimento operário e para o êxito da luta contra a ideologia da reacção imperialista, contra a política reformista de conciliação com os imperialistas, era necessária a “compreensão de um problema económico fundamental, sem cujo estudo é impossível compreender seja o que for e formar um juízo sobre a guerra e a política actuais: refiro-me ao problema da essência económica do imperialismo” (ver a presente edição, p. 14). Lénine entregou-se inteiramente ao estudo da literatura sobre o imperialismo provavelmente a partir de meados de 1915, em Berna. Começou então a estabelecer a bibliografia, a elaborar planos, a tirar notas, a escrever resumos. Os materiais preparatórios (Cadernos sobre o Imperialismo) constituem cerca de 50 folhas impressas, contendo excertos de 148 livros (incluindo 106 alemães, 23 franceses, 17 ingleses e 2 em tradução russa) e de 232 artigos publicados em 49 publicações não periódicas diversas. O livro foi publicado em meados de 1917 com o título O Imperialismo, a Etapa Mais Recente do Capitalismo (Ensaio Popular), com um prefácio de Lénine datado de 26 de Abril de 1917. Versão reproduzida de Marxist Internet Archives. Disponível em: http://www.marxists.org/portugues/
A PRÁTICA SOCIAL DO LAZER E A EMANCIPAÇÃO HUMANA: UM ESTUDO À LUZ DA ONTOLOGIA DO SER SOCIAL
Authors: Silva Hedgard Rodrigues
Published: January 2019

As relações sociais de lazer sob formulação e programação capitalista na cultura, na educação e na política pública, instauradas em mecanismos de alienação e manutenção do sistema hegemônico vigente, corroboram no controle dos meios de produção e das forças produtivas, impulsionadas ideologicamente nas relações de desigualdades, injustiças, exploração e destruição humana. A inquietação da pesquisa partiu da realidade concreta e questionou as contribuições da prática social do lazer no projeto de emancipação humana, intencionado na práxis revolucionária de transformação e reordenamento da luta popular à reivindicação histórica da sociedade socialista, posto a possibilidade ontológica da revolução. O referencial teórico está situado na elaboração e socialização crítica do conhecimento no campo da teoria marxista onto-histórico com contribuições a compreensão da essência histórica do ser, fundamentação ontológica de continuidade aos processos do homem constituído enquanto ser social através do trabalho. O modo de produção capitalista, “sistema sociometabólico do capital” é o palco da realidade concreta que situamos os estudos. Nesse sentido, o objetivo foi compreender o processo histórico-social da categoria lazer, pontuando a gênese e o processo dinâmico no cenário social que o capitalismo tem vivido, chamado de crise estrutural do capital que reordena o conhecimento cíclico das crises do capital para sua contínua depressão econômica e humana. As saídas da crise pautadas no aumento da taxa de lucro sob a exploração do trabalhador com crescente perda de direitos socialmente conquistados, flexibilização do trabalho, alienação, obsolescência dos produtos e suas necessidades. A formação de novos mercados e o ataque ideológico a ordem social, impõem uma demanda ao chamado mercado do lazer tratado como mercolazer ou indústria do lazer, corroborando com projetos implementados de política pública ao modo cidadão de direitos e deveres sociais da ordem do capital. As reflexões e conclusões vislumbram em seu horizonte a emancipação humana construída e elaborada pelo ser social que reivindica a diminuição do tempo de trabalho sem redução do salário, melhores condições de vida a humanidade socialmente excluída dos bens socialmente produzidos, pautando alternativas que invalidem o sistema social excludente e ponha nas mãos dos trabalhadores associados o controle da produção.

 
O EMPRESARIAMENTO DA EDUCAÇÃO PÚBLICA: O CASO DO PROGRAMA ACELERA BRASIL
Authors: Freitas Carmen Cunha Rodrigues de , Lima Leticia Bezerra de , Magalhães Ligia Karam Corrêa de , Piccinini Claudia Lino
Published: January 2019

Este texto objetiva uma análise preliminar do Programa Acelera Brasil, do Instituto Ayrton Senna, voltado para corrigir o fluxo do Ensino Fundamental. A partir de pesquisa documental e de entrevista, aponta elementos constitutivos da educação em contexto econômico, político e social, com a forte presença de empresas privadas na elaboração, execução e avaliação das políticas educacionais. Discute o empresariamento e o movimento de resistências; as políticas de aceleração, destacando a política do Programa; e questões relativas à (falta de) autonomia docente. Preliminarmente, aponta as concepções do Programa na busca da superação das taxas de baixo aproveitamento escolar.
EDUCAÇÃO E GÊNERO (HUMANO) – MEDIAÇÕES NEGLIGENCIADAS
Authors: Souza Iael De
Published: January 2019

Num mundo onde as mediações foram substituídas pelas representações, torna-se vital retomá-las e recontextualizá-las. Demonstramos que a educação é a mediação fundamental para a construção consciente da generalidade do gênero humano e que a totalidade social, isto é, a totalidade das relações sociais e de produção/reprodução, é o pressuposto ineliminável e imprescindível para a análise concreta das situações concretas vivenciadas pelas subjetividades, que são, fundantemente, historicizadas, objetivadas. Reafirmar essas questões é essencial nesse momento histórico onde, aparentemente, há uma dificuldade cada vez maior para um pensamento e reflexão feito críticos.
A VALORIZAÇÃO DA ESCOLA E DO PROFESSOR NO CAPITALISMO: QUE VALOR ESTÁ EM JOGO?
Authors: Ramos Géssica Priscila
Published: January 2019

Resumo: Com base no materialismo histórico-dialético, este artigo discute o tema “valorização da escola e do professor”, realizando apontamentos conceituais para subsidiar a avaliação de políticas educacionais sobre o tema. Acena para o fato de que, para se avaliar políticas que caminham nessa direção, há que se buscar os fundamentos que as sustentam, ou seja, o tipo de “valor” que está em jogo, e suas implicações práticas para a concretização da valorização proposta no referido contexto social.

 
IDEOLOGIA E CURRÍCULO NO ACESSO AO ENSINO SUPERIOR
Authors: Mendes Maíra Tavares
Published: January 2019

Esta resenha crítica da 3ª edição de Ideologia e Currículo trata das contribuições do livro para pensar o acesso à educação superior e suas relações com a escola. Algumas categorias do livro são discutidas e relacionadas, partindo da abordagem marxista compartilhada com o autor, tais como: ideologia, hegemonia, conhecimento de alto status, consenso, conflito e, sobretudo, rotulação, culpabilização e indivíduo abstrato. A estas últimas confere-se centralidade por sua pertinência na caracterização da seletividade da escola frente ao ingresso na educação superior.

 
POLÍTICA DE FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES PARA EDUCAÇÃO DO CAMPO: LIMITES E POSSIBILIDADES
Authors: D'Agostini Adriana , Titton Mauro
Published: January 2019

P { margin-bottom: 0.21cm; direction: ltr; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }P.western { font-family: "Liberation Serif","Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; }P.cjk { font-family: "WenQuanYi Micro Hei"; font-size: 12pt; }P.ctl { font-family: "Lohit Hindi"; font-size: 12pt; }A:link { }
Este artigo pretende tratar de forma crítica a política de formação de professores para o campo. Duas dimensões serão trabalhadas: a das possibilidades pedagógicas que se apresentam para formação de professores e a dos limites e o aprisionamento destas possibilidades nas políticas públicas para a educação do campo. Avalia-se que a atual política de formação de professores está pautada na aceleração, flexibilização e barateamento da formação profissional, repercutindo nas possibilidades de qualificação do trabalho docente, especialmente nas escolas do campo.

Palavras-chave: Formação de professores, políticas públicas, educação do campo.
TECNOLOGIA EDUCACIONAL E REIFICAÇÃO: UMA ABORDAGEM CRÍTICA A PARTIR DE MARX E LUKÁCS
Authors: Bueno Natalia De Lima
Published: January 2019

O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi o de "Investigar os processos de reificação e superação no desenvolvimento da tecnologia educacional na escola de Ensino Fundamental" e o problema de pesquisa: Como a escola de Ensino Fundamental, através do trabalho dos educadores com a tecnologia educacional, no uso dos computadores, pode evidenciar processos de reificação e caminhos à superação da lógica de produção capitalista? Focamos o estudo da reificação e superação a partir da perspectiva em Marx e Lukács, passando por outros autores que estudaram a reificação. Utilizamos pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo com base no método dialético de análise. A amostra da pesquisa contou com o cômputo de treze escolas públicas de Ensino Fundamental pesquisadas, dispostas em nove Núcleos Regionais de Educação na cidade de Curitiba, de modo que contemplasse uma realidade escolar por região na cidade, envolvendo quinze professores entrevistados na totalidade. Focamos esse estudo no trabalho com a Informática na escola, como uma ramificação da discussão da tecnologia educacional, por apresentar as características singulares e similares do estudo da mercadoria na perspectiva da teoria crítica marxista. Apontamos a seguinte tese: "a escola de Ensino Fundamental, em face do trabalho com tecnologia educacional reproduz o modo de produção capitalista, através do processo de reificação representado na forma de mercadoria, uso dos computadores no ensino, mas pode revelar caminhos à superação da lógica capitalista" e respondemos ao problema de pesquisa a partir do caminho proposto com base na pesquisa de abordagem dialética.
Ways to Save Money in Health Care
Authors: Cutler David M.
Published: November 2024

This JAMA Forum discusses ideas for saving money in health care such as reducing the need for care, reducing excessive prices, and shifting to lower-cost practices.
Patient and Caregiver Experience of Diagnosis, Treatment, and Living With Recurrent Oropharyngeal Cancer
Authors: Brady Grainne , Roe Justin , Paleri Vinidh , Lagergren Pernilla , Wells Mary
Published: November 2024

Importance

The management of recurrent oropharyngeal cancer (rOPC) is complex. Curative options carry considerable risk of morbidity with overall poor prognosis. Little data exist on function and quality of life (QoL) outcomes for noncurative treatments. Even less is known about patient and carer experiences of function and QoL change over time when undergoing curative or noncurative treatment(s) for rOPC.

Objective

To investigate the patient and caregiver experience of diagnosis, treatment, and living with recurrent oropharyngeal cancer and changes to function/QoL.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A longitudinal prospective and retrospective qualitative study was carried out at a specialist cancer center in the United Kingdom. Participants with a biopsy proven diagnosis of recurrent OPC and their caregivers were included. Participants were recruited between December 2022 and November 2023. Concurrent data analysis took took place between November 2023 and January 2024.

Exposure

Curative salvage surgery or noncurative immunotherapy, chemotherapy, or clinical trials of investigational agents.

Main Outcomes

A framework-approach thematic analysis of semistructured, in-depth interviews.

Results

Twenty-two patients and 7 caregivers were recruited. Demographic data was collected via medical record review. The longitudinal sample included 8 male and 2 female individuals, and the median age was 62 (range, 47-77) years. The retrospective sample included 11 male individuals and 1 female individual, and the median age was 64 (range, 59-70) years. Eleven participants (50%) underwent curative treatment, and 11 (50%) noncurative treatment.Treatments included salvage surgery, immunotherapy, chemotherapy, or clinical trials. Patients and their caregivers contextualize their experience of recurrent disease in their past experience of primary disease diagnosis and treatment. Patients want to survive and when the options to choose between are cure or functional outcomes impacting health-related QoL, cure appears to be favored. However, when cure is not an option, patients appear to want to survive as long as possible. However, as the prognosis gets shorter there appears to be a shift in priorities where function/QoL take precedence over survival.

Conclusions and Relevance

This qualitative study found that treatment decision-making is extremely complex in the setting of rOPC. Quite often, decisions are made based on what is perceived by health care professionals to be functionally “too morbid” with salvage surgery, or “kinder” with life-prolonging noncurative treatments. However, patients are not always fully involved in these decisions and so shared decision-making does not always happen. To facilitate shared decision-making and informed consent, patients need to be given clear and accurate information on survival and function/QoL outcomes for the various treatment modalities for rOPC.
A Moisture‐Proof, Anti‐Fouling, and Low Signal Attenuation All‐Nanofiber Triboelectric Sensor for Self‐Powered Respiratory Health Monitoring
Authors: Chen Xiao , Peng Xiao , Wei Chuanhui , Wang Zixun , He Jin , Sheng Hengrui , Jiang Tao , Dong Kai
Published: November 2024

Breathing is an important physiological health indicator of the human body. Real time and long‐term monitoring with low attenuation of human respiratory health status is of great significance. However, the working performance of respiratory sensors typically placed at the mouth and nose of the human body is greatly affected by exhaled moisture and small pollutants. Here, an all‐nanofiber self‐powered respiratory sensor (ASRS) with a multi‐layer stacking structure is developed based on contact electrification or triboelectrification effect. By spraying method to chemically graft low surface energy octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) small molecules onto the surface of nanofibers, the ASRS is endowed with excellent superhydrophobicity and self‐cleaning properties, making it free from the influence of high humidity and small particle pollutants in exhaled gas. Due to the gradient variation of contact interface with increasing pressure, the ASRS exhibits a multi‐stage linear sensitivity response trend, which has high pressure response sensitivity of 0.048 kPa−1. In addition, the ASRS is further integrated on a smart mask for real‐time and long‐term monitoring of respiratory health status, including age and gender of subjects, physical activity status, and sleep apnea syndrome. This work provides an effective self‐powered sensing strategy for daily physiological monitoring, proactive healthcare, and early disease warning.
Flexible Organic X‐Ray Sensors: Solving the Key Constraints of PET Substrates
Authors: Bashiri Aishah , Large Matthew J. , Griffith Matthew J. , Papale Laurance , Philippa Bronson , Hall Chris , Bolst David , Guatelli Susanna , Mozer Attila J. , Petasecca Marco , Posar Jessie A.
Published: November 2024

Organic semiconductor‐based sensors are a unique class of wearable x‐ray detectors, as the response from their carbon‐based composition can mimic the response of the human body to radiation. A thin (260 nm) flexible P3HT: o‐IDTBR‐based organic sensor, deposited onto a conductive Kapton substrate is demonstrated, can provide precise and artifact‐free dosimetry under synchrotron x‐rays with sensitivities of (1958 ± 31)pCGy−1cm−2 without bias. The sensor is capable of accurately resolving multiple 50 µm‐wide x‐rays with a full‐width‐half‐max of (51.6 ± 1.9)µm for a range of energies (47–87.5)keV and dose‐rates (0.21–0.45)kGy s−1. Organic sensors fabricated with plastic polyethylene substrates exhibit unreliable x‐ray responses and broadening of the full‐width‐half‐max. Simulations reveal that x‐ray induced electrostatic charge generated from the polyethylene causes a reverse polarity of the signal. X‐ray charge mapping shows the effective area sensitized with the polyethylene device extends twice the length of the pixel area, while sensors with Kapton substrates closely match the expected active area. Radiation tolerance of P3HT:o‐IDTBR devices maintain 85.4% of the initial x‐ray sensitivity after 10 kGy with similar radiation tolerances to amorphous silicon. This study confirms the unsuitability of polyethylene substrates for flexible radiation detectors, providing the first evidence of the quantitative and spatial resolution limitations created by the generation of radiation‐induced charge.
Unveiling the Oxygen Migration Retarding Effort of Carbon Coating During Disproportionation Enabling High‐ICE and Long‐Cycle‐Life SiO Anodes
Authors: Wang Ruoyang , Wu Yuqing , Yang Qing , Li Haoyu , Wan Fang , Chen Ting , Chen Tingru , Zhong Benhe , Wu Zhenguo , Guo Xiaodong
Published: November 2024

Low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) and poor cycling performance are the pain points that hinder the commercialization of silicon monoxide (SiO) anode materials. Unfortunately, disproportionation commonly used to enhance cycling performance significantly reduces prelithiation efficiency, making it difficult to achieve both high‐ICE and long‐cycle‐life SiO anodes. Herein, the intrinsic contradiction between disproportionation and prelithiation is successfully reconciled through the ingenious application of the carbon coating strategy, achieving a synergistic enhancement among the three processes (carbon coating, disproportionation, and prelithiation). The prepared SiO anode exhibits excellent electrochemical performance with an ICE as high as 113.74% and a reversible capacity of 713.68 mAh g−1 after 750 cycles. In‐depth investigations reveal that carbon optimizes the distribution of Si and O within the disproportionated SiO, effectively thinning the SiO2 surface layer and releasing the shielded Si, thereby enhancing reversible capacity and prelithiation efficiency. TG‐FTIR analysis further elucidates the underlying mechanism, demonstrating that the carbon effectively inhibits the outward migration and escape of O during disproportionation. In summary, this study uncovers the pivotal role of carbon coating in regulating the disproportionation behavior, promoting efficient prelithiation, and enhancing the capacity recovery of SiO.
12.86% Efficient Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 Thin Film Solar Cells via Inkjet Printing with 2‐Methoxyethanol‐Based Air‐Stable Precursor Ink
Authors: Mao Yu , Wang Tao , Jian Yue , Huang Yuanyuan , Deng Yanmei , Gu Ening , Lin Xianzhong , Yang Guowei
Published: November 2024

Inkjet printing is a promising and scalable drop‐on‐demand deposition technique for cost‐effective mass production of thin film solar cells. However, the efficiency of inkjet‐printed Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) solar cells based on dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) precursor ink is inferior to state‐of‐the‐art spin‐coated devices. Therefore, it is crucial to improve the efficiencies of inkjet‐printed CZTSSe solar cells. In this work, inkjet printing technique is used to deposit flat and continuous CZTSSe thin films in ambient air using a novel 2‐methoxyethanol‐based ink that shows long‐term stability in the air and better wettability compared to the conventional used DMSO‐based ink. In addition, the effects of printing resolution on the structure, morphology, electrical and photovoltaic properties of CZTSSe light harvesting layer are investigated. Eventually, a remarkable device efficiency of 12.86% is achieved, surpassing the reported record efficiency for CZTSSe solar cells based on inkjet printing by ≈40%. Notably, this inkjet printing method allows for the significant reduction of preparation cost of CZTSSe thin films by improving the raw material utilization, thus paving a more viable pathway toward the sustainable development of CZTSSe solar cells.
Self‐Photocatalysis Boosted Electrochemiluminescence System of Pyrene Based Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Framework: Oxygen‐Vacancy Mediated Adsorption and Peroxydisulfate Radical Activation
Authors: Wang Ying , Jiang Ding , Bian Yuqing , Du Xiaojiao , Shan Xueling , Wang Wenchang , Shiigi Hiroshi , Xie Haijiao , Chen Zhidong
Published: November 2024

Rational design and optimization of the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) system undoubtedly underpins critical future advances in the field of sensing. Herein, an efficient ECL system is prepared by the integration of pyrene self‐assembled hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (PSA‐HOF) and defective hydrated tungsten oxide nanosheets (dWO3•H2O), displaying a self‐cycling photocatalytic activation mechanism to boost ECL performances. PSA‐HOF was exploited as the ECL luminophor to produce a light source with sufficient intensity due to the unique structure and aggregation‐induced emission‐enhanced emission. Meanwhile, dWO3•H2O exhibited dual functionality: 1) serving as highly efficient adsorbents for capturing peroxydisulfate (PDS), 2) acting as photoactive materials, which can be activated by the light emitted from PSA‐HOF. Notably, the presence of oxygen vacancies within dWO3•H2O can not only lowered adsorption energy and increase exposure of active sites, but also enhance the photocatalytic performance, thus activating PDS through a radical‐mediated mechanism, which can further stimulate the photocatalytic materials in turn to achieve self‐circulation within the system. As a proof of concept, an ECL biosensor for detecting microcystin‐RR (MC‐RR) is successfully established, which displays a wide detection range and a low detection limit. This work offers a new perspective on the development of ECL technology with high efficiency and stability.
Enhanced Mechanical‐Magnetic Coupling and Bioinspired Structural Design of Magnetorheological Elastomers
Authors: Wang Dongpeng , Zhao Chunyu , Yang Junjie , Lai Shuyu , Wang Xinyi , Gong Xinglong
Published: November 2024

Magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) are innovative materials composed of ferromagnetic particles embedded within a polymer matrix, enabling real‐time tunability of mechanical properties through external magnetic fields, thereby generating pronounced mechanical‐magnetic coupling effects. However, the mechanical performance of MREs, particularly their load‐bearing capacities under dynamic conditions, remains constrained by the limitations of conventional matrix materials. In this study, shear‐stiffening gel (SSG), exhibiting viscoelastic mechanical behavior, is incorporated into magnetorheological elastomers to develop magnetorheological shear‐stiffening elastomer (MSSE) through a high‐temperature and high‐pressure vulcanization process. The mechanical‐magnetic coupling behavior of these composites is systematically evaluated utilizing a series of mechanical experiments across varying strain rates. Notably, the interaction between carbonyl iron particles (CIPs) and the molecular chains within the shear‐stiffening matrix significantly enhanced the magnetorheological effects of MSSEs, particularly under dynamic impact loadings. Leveraging the adjustable modulus of MSSEs and drawing inspiration from the microstructural characteristics of beetle exoskeletons, a beam‐structured 3D buffer device is designed. This device demonstrates superior energy absorption capacity, underscoring its potential for advanced flexible protection applications.
Recent Advancement in 2D Metal–Organic Framework for Environmental Remediation: A Review
Authors: Lu Lun , Li Liangzhong , Chu Mengxu , Chen Cheng , Wang Boya , Wang Jun , Shen Yi , Ma Ruixue , Li Bisheng , Shen Liguo , Lin Hongjun , Chen Banglin
Published: November 2024

In a time characterized by the increasing interest in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as widely researched crystalline porous substances geared toward enhancing device and system capabilities across diverse environmental contexts, 2D MOFs emerge as a noteworthy class of nanomaterials that integrate the benefits of 2D structures with the unique characteristics inherent to MOFs. These 2D MOFs possess ultrathin nanosheet configuration, abundant accessible active sites, and remarkable mechanical flexibility. Such distinctive properties differentiate them from bulk MOFs and other 2D materials, offering the potential to instigate novel environmental phenomena and applications. This review focuses on the latest progress in the application of 2D MOFs within essential water‐related ecological fields, including contaminant adsorption, photocatalytic degradation, membrane separation, environmental sensing, and disinfection. A variety of synthesis approaches for 2D MOFs are analyzed, accompanied by a discussion on their effectiveness across different environmental settings. The unique structure and features of 2D MOFs that grant outstanding environmental functionalities are compared with those of bulk MOFs. The environmental ramifications of 2D MOFs are highlighted while outlining future research needs to explore the environmental applications of these innovative materials.
Robust and Ultra‐Efficient Anti‐/De‐Icing Surface Engineered Through Photo‐/Electrothermal Micro‐Nanostructures With Switchable Solid‐Liquid States
Authors: Liu Qiuyue , Wang Yunpeng , Liu Xihuan , Li Yizhen , Yu Enze , Sun Zhiyong , Wang Liang , Zhuang Guilin , Yu Jie , Liu Shanqiu
Published: November 2024

Photothermal superhydrophobic surfaces present a promising energy‐saving solution for anti‐/de‐icing, offering effective icing delay and photothermal de‐icing capabilities. However, a significant challenge in their practical application is the mechanical interlocking of micro‐nanostructures with ice formed from condensed water vapor, leading to meltwater retention and compromised functionality post‐de‐icing. Here, a robust photo‐/electrothermal icephobic surface with dynamic phase‐transition micro‐nanostructures are demonstrated through laser microfabrication and surface engineering. The engineered surface exhibits ultra‐efficient, long‐term stable anti‐/de‐icing performance and excellent superhydrophobicity, demonstrating an icing delay of ≈ 1250 s, photothermal de‐icing in 8 s, water contact angle of 165°, and sliding angle of 0.2°. Furthermore, the surface maintains efficient anti‐/de‐icing ability and water repellency after 400 linear abrasion cycles under 0.93 MPa. Remarkably, under simulated natural icing conditions, where water vapor freezes within the micro‐nanostructures causing mechanical interlocking, the surface remains entirely non‐wetted after photo‐/electrothermal de‐icing, maintaining superhydrophobicity and effectiveness for continued anti‐/de‐icing. This exceptional performance is attributed to the designed phase‐transition micro‐nanostructures that liquefy during de‐icing, significantly reducing interactions with water molecules, as quantitatively validated by molecular dynamics simulations. This work provides new perspectives and methodologies for designing and creating innovative, high‐performance anti‐/de‐icing surfaces.
An Unexpected Source of Hard Carbon, Rice Hull Ash, Provides Unexpected Li+ Storage Capacities
Authors: Yu Mengjie , Wang Man , Indris Sylvio , Manassa Jason , Stangel Alex , Hovden Robert , Laine Richard M.
Published: November 2024

Hard carbon (HC) anodes used in secondary batteries have attracted increasing recent attention in particular to transition to new energy storage formats. To date, HC is produced exclusively by charring organic precursors in inert atmospheres. One would not expect to find HC in rice hull ash (RHA), the byproduct of rice hull combustion processes. However, in developing approaches to depolymerize RHA SiO2 (90:10 wt% SiO2:C) to produce silica‐depleted RHA or SDRHA40‐60 (40–60 wt% SiO2) to tailor C:SiO2 ratios for carbothermal reduction reactions, the SDRHA carbon component is recently revisited. In more detailed efforts to characterize the form of carbon present in SDRHA, a series of analyses reveal graphitized carbon domains in amorphous matrices, i.e., HC, despite RHA being produced via combustion in an oxidizing atmosphere. Comprehensive electrochemical analyses on SDRHA40‐60 find unexpected capacities far in excess (>700 mAh g−1) of reported values for HC and graphite. Electrochemical and STEM characterization suggest that the unexpected capacity may come from the nanoscale morphology of the amorphous carbon component. Given that RHA is a biowaste generated in kilotons/year worldwide, there seems to be an opportunity to develop sustainable high‐capacity anode materials for alkali‐ion storage systems.
Engineering the Coherent Phonon Transport in Polar Ferromagnetic Oxide Superlattices
Authors: Choi In Hyeok , Jeong Seung Gyo , Jeong Do‐Gyeom , Seo Ambrose , Choi Woo Seok , Lee Jong Seok
Published: November 2024

Artificial superlattices composed of perovskite oxides serves as an essential platform for engineering coherent phonon transport by redefining the lattice periodicity, which strongly influences the lattice‐coupled phase transitions in charge and spin degrees of freedom. However, previous methods of manipulating phonons have been limited to controlling the periodicity of superlattice, rather than utilizing complex mutual interactions that are prominent in transition metal oxides. In this study on oxide superlattices composed of ferromagnetic metallic SrRuO3 and quantum paraelectric SrTiO3, phonon modulation by controlling the geometry of superlattice in atomic‐scale precision is realized, demonstrating the coherent phonon engineering using structural and magnetic phase transitions. By modulating the interface density, coherent‐incoherent crossover of the phonon transport at room temperature is observed, which is coupled with a change in interfacial structural continuity. Upon cooling, the close relation between phonon transport and multiple phase transitions is identified. In particular, the enhancement of the polar state in SrTiO3 layer at ≈200 K leads to the weakening of phonon coherence and a further reduction of thermal conductivity in superlattices compared to the bulk limit. These findings provide a guide to developing future thermoelectric nanodevices by engineering the coherence of phonons via the design of complex oxide heterostructures.
Unveiling the Mechanism of Deprotonation and Proton Transfer of DNA Polymerase Catalysis via Single‐Molecule Conductance
Authors: Zhao Lihua , Xu Yang , Yang Zhiheng , Liu Wenzhe , Zhong Shichao , Bai Jingwei , Guo Xuefeng
Published: November 2024

DNA polymerases (Pols) play important roles in the transmission of genetic information. Although the function and (de)regulation of Pols are linked to many human diseases, the key mechanism of 3′‐OH deprotonation and the PPi formation are not totally clear. In this work, a method is presented to detect the full catalytic cycle of human Pol (hPol β) in graphene‐molecule‐graphene single‐molecule junctions. Real‐time in situ monitoring successfully revealed the spatial and temporal properties of the open and closed conformation states of hPol β, distinguishing the reaction states in the Pols catalytic cycle and unveiling 3′‐OH deprotonation and pyrophosphate (PPi) formation mechanism of hPol β. Proton inventory experiment demonstrated that the rate‐limiting step of PPi formation is deprotonation, which occurs before a reverse conformational change. Additionally, by detecting the acidity (pKa), it is found that MgA‐bound OH− acted as a general base and activated the nucleophile of 3′‐OH, and that acidic residue D190 or D192 coordinated with MgB as a proton donor to PPi. This work provides useful insights into a fundamental chemical reaction that impacts genome synthesis efficiency and Pol fidelity, which the discovery of Pol‐targeting drugs and design of artificial Pols for DNA synthetic applications are expected to accelerated.
Enantioselective Assembly of Fully Substituted α‐Amino Allenoates Through a Mannich Addition and Stepwise [3,3]‐σ Rearrangement Sequence
Authors: Yuan Haoxuan , Zhou Yi , Xie Xiongda , Bao Ming , Chen Kewei , Hong Kemiao , Yu Zhixiang , Xu Xinfang
Published: November 2024

Chiral fully‐substituted allenes are synthetically significant and pivotal building blocks that can engage in diverse transformations toward a variety of bioactive molecules. The enantioselective assembly of these skeletons using readily available reactants offers significant advantages but remains challenging. Herein, an asymmetric formal Michael‐type addition of alkynyl imines with the key alkylgold intermediates derived in situ from N‐propargylamides is accomplished under gold‐complex and chiral quinine‐derived squaramide (QN‐SQA) synergetic catalysis. Control experiments and the density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicated that this cascade reaction involves a Mannich‐type addition and stepwise [3,3]‐σ rearrangement sequence, leading to the fully substituted α‐amino allenoates, which are elusive and take multi‐step to prepare with other methods, in high yields and excellent enantioselectivity.
Ultrawide Spectrum Metallic Plane Blackbody with Extremely High Absorption from 0.2 to 25 µm
Authors: Qi Jin‐Yong , Liu Xue‐Qing , Liu Zi‐Jian , Zhang Xin , Li Chao , Chen Qi‐Dai , Wang Lei , Sun Hong‐Bo
Published: November 2024

A plane blackbody serves as a standard radiation source, providing a precise quantitative relationship between input radiation and the output of infrared detectors, which is essential component of space infrared remote sensing instruments. However, current plane blackbodies fabricated by coating or surface structuring are unable to achieve uniform and stable high absorption in the ultrawide spectral range spanning the UV‐VIS‐NIR‐MIR. Here, a femtosecond laser “V”‐ scanning method is proposed for the fabrication of cross‐scale multi‐layered micro‐ and nanocomposite structures on copper surfaces to realize ultrawide spectrum metallic plane blackbody with high absorption. The structures consist of a micrometer cone‐tip structure with a depth‐to‐width ratio of 7:1 (period 30 µm, depth 210 µm), an oxide layer with a thickness of more than 2 µm, and nanoparticles of different sizes, achieving uniform high absorption rates exceeding 99% in the localized spectral range of 400–700 nm and over 98% from the UV to MIR range of 200 nm to 25 µm. This strategy offers a generalized approach to enhance surface light absorption, with significant application potential in infrared calibration, passive radiation cooling, and stray light suppression.
Multihybridization for Enhancing Fe‐Ni Bimetal Electrocatalyst in Water Oxidation
Authors: Zhang Hongyan , Zhou Hao , Wang Hua , Wang Yikai , Yang Xuehan , Wu Dan , Yuan Pan , He Maoshuai , Wei Wenxian , Yang Tao
Published: November 2024

Water electrolysis holds the promise of transforming electric‐power into hydrogen energy through a carbon free process and its widespread application highly depends on anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) efficiency. Transition metal‐based OER catalysts meet the requirements of long‐term development for cost effectiveness, and their performance can be improved by a variety of band electronic structure modulating methods. Herein, a multihybridization strategy is proposed, i.e., p‐d, s‐sp, and d‐d hybridization are emphasized together, which guides the design of an effective vanadium (V), boron (B)‐FeNiP catalyst. Density functional theory analysis reveals the existence of multihybridization and the difference between Fe and Ni in terms of hybridization strength, band configuration, and interfacial charge transfer. Specially, Fe and Ni sites are simultaneously optimized to their highest performance upon the dual B, V incorporation. As a result, the VB‐FeNiP catalyst displays outstanding OER performance, regarding a Tafel slope of 57.64 mV dec−1, an overpotential of 175 mV at 100 mA cm−2, and exceptional stability. Here the synergistic effect of multihybridization in the design of transition metal‐based catalysts is highlighted and the work in pursuit of effective way based on regulating band configuration to developing high performance OER catalysts would be evoked.
Strain‐Engineered Ir Shell Enhances Activity and Stability of Ir‐Ru Catalysts for Water Electrolysis: An Operando Wide‐Angle X‐Ray Scattering Study
Authors: Hrbek Tomáš , Kúš Peter , Drnec Jakub , Mirolo Marta , Nedumkulam Hridya , Martens Isaac , Nováková Jaroslava , Skála Tomáš , Matolínová Iva
Published: November 2024

Ir‐Ru alloys with high Ru content serve as stable and highly active catalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) in Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers (PEM‐WEs), enabling efficient operation with low Ir loadings (150 µg cm−2). Despite this, the mechanisms behind their enhanced stability remain unclear. In this study, operando Wide‐Angle X‐ray Scattering (WAXS) and ex situ techniques are utilized to investigate the structural evolution of these magnetron‐sputtered alloys during a PEM‐WE operation. The findings reveal that Ru leaches from the surface upon potential application, forming a dynamic Ir‐Ru@IrOx core‐shell structure. The Ir shell, strained by the Ir‐Ru core, maintains a lower oxidation state than pure Ir catalyst, leading to superior catalytic activity and stability. Remarkably, the Ir‐Ru 25:75 catalyst demonstrates better stability over Ir‐Ru 50:50, despite its higher Ru content, due to the better protection of the subsurface Ir and Ru from oxidation and dissolution. This study not only clarifies the performance‐enhancing mechanisms of Ir‐Ru catalysts but also suggests that other, more economical materials, such as Co or Ti, could serve as effective cores in Ir‐M systems, offering a pathway to more cost‐effective catalysts for PEM‐WE applications.
Novel Cyclopropyl Appended 1,3‐Thiazole‐2‐Imines as Multi‐Target Agents: Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Computational Studies
Authors: Zaman Hina , Saeed Aamer , ul Muntaha Tamknat , Ismail Hammad , Rashid Muhammad
Published: November 2024

In drug development, the 1,3‐thiazole‐2‐imines scaffolds are widely used to discern novel and potential therapies for the elimination of the most challenging diseases. The cyclopropyl motif is found in various medications such as antiviral drug Paxlovid, used to treat COVID‐19. Its presence enhances the metabolic stability and lipophilicity of drugs, making them more effective. Therefore, in the present work, we developed a library of novel cyclopropyl clubbed 1,3‐thiazole‐2‐imines (6 a–h) from the efficient cyclization between multistep synthesized thiourea precursors and ethyl 2‐chloroacetoacetate. Subsequently, the in vitro biological screening including antibacterial, α‐amylase, and proteinase K inhibition was carried out to assess their inhibition potential. In general, all synthesized compounds revealed moderate to significant potency. The compound (6 a) with no substitution at the phenyl ring exhibited the highest inhibitory activity amongst all, with an IC50 value of 1.716±0.062 μM against proteinase K. Fortunately, this compound (6 a) also unfolded the most significant antibacterial potential against B. subtilis showing 20 mm zone of inhibition. The compound (6 d) possessing a naphthyl ring was found to be the most potent inhibitor of amylase displaying IC50 value of 1.634±0.002 μM. Diverse substitution patterns on the framework of 1,3‐thiazole‐2‐imine pharmacophores provided a valuable basis for SAR analysis. Over and above, computational studies including DFT, molecular electrostatic potential, molecular docking, and ADMET were conducted to predict the chemical reactivity, ligand‐protein binding interactions, and drug‐likeness of synthesized compounds. Hence these studies highlighted our synthesized compounds as novel antibacterial, α‐amylase, and proteinase K inhibitors. Further research could be encouraged by modifying the substituents and their positions on the structure to attain the potent efficacy of these compounds.