bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of physical fitness on psychological health: evidence from Chinese university students
Authors: Ma Shuzhen , Xu Yanqi , Xu Simao , Guo Zhicheng
Published: May 2024

Background

Despite frequent discussions on the link between physical and mental health, the specific impact of physical fitness on mental well-being is yet to be fully established.

Method

This study, carried out between January 2022 and August 2023, involved 4,484 Chinese University students from eight universities located in various regions of China. It aimed to examine the association between physical fitness on psychological well-being. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, and logistic regression were used to analyze the association between physical fitness indicators (e.g., Body Mass Index (BMI), vital capacity, and endurance running) and mental health, assessed using Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90). All procedures were ethically approved, and participants consented to take part in.

Results

Our analysis revealed that BMI, vital capacity, and endurance running scores significantly influence mental health indicators. Specifically, a 1-point increase in BMI increases the likelihood of an abnormal psychological state by 10.9%, while a similar increase in vital capacity and endurance running decreases the risk by 2.1% and 4.1%, respectively. In contrast, reaction time, lower limb explosiveness, flexibility, and muscle strength showed no significant effects on psychological states (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Improvements in BMI, vital capacity, and endurance running capabilities are associated with better mental health outcomes, highlighting their potential importance in enhancing overall well-being.
Risk assessment of healthcare workers’ exposure to physical load in relation to patient handling and movement: a feasibility study of the instrument TilThermometer
Authors: Wåhlin Charlotte , Buck Sebastian , Enthoven Paul , Andreassen Maria , Sandqvist Jan , Haraldsson Patrik , Fock Jenni , Strid Emma Nilsing
Published: May 2024

Background

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are common among healthcare workers (HCWs) but might be prevented by risk assessment and further promotion of occupational safety and health.

The aim of this study was to investigate if the risk assessment instrument TilThermometer can be used to identify risk profiles of physical exposure in HCWs working with patient handling and movement (PHM). Further aims were to describe HCWs’ perceptions and experiences of using the TilThermometer.

Methods

This feasibility study has a mixed design methodology. In total, 54 HCWs from 17 Swedish care units participated and performed risk assessments with the TilThermometer. Data collected from the risk assessments were used to identify risk profiles of physical exposure. HCWs’ experiences of using the TilThermometer were collected from activity logs and analysed qualitatively. Three questionnaires were used to assess perceived acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of the risk assessment, and eight study specific questions were used for perceived usefulness.

Results

The TilThermometer was used at the care units by assessing each care recipient, and when compiling the data at a group level, a summarized risk profile for the care unit could be provided. Risk for physical exposure was reported as high in two work tasks; no care unit used the high-low adjustable seat when showering care recipients sitting down, and 13% used the recommended assistive devices when putting compression stockings on. However, 99% used high-low adjustable assistive devices when caring and bathing care recipients lying down. TilThermometer was described as easy to use, enabling team reflections and providing an overview of the care units’ recipients and workload, but difficulties in categorizing for mobility groups were also reported. The TilThermometer was, on a five-point scale, perceived as acceptable (mean 3.93), appropriate (mean 3.9), and feasible (mean 3.97). These scores are in line with questions evaluating usefulness.

Conclusion

The risk assessment provided risk profiles with potential to contribute to care units’ development of a safe patient handling and movement practice. The findings suggest that the TilThermometer can be used to assess risks for physical exposure in relation to patient handling and movement in care units at hospital and nursing homes.
The impact of early weight-bearing on results following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Kaya Sehmuz , Unal Yunus Can , Guven Necip , Ozcan Can , Dundar Abdulrahim , Turkozu Tulin , Ozkan Sezai , Adanas Cihan , Gokalp Mehmet Ata
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures are common injuries that typically affect young, physically active individuals and may require surgical reconstruction. Studies have shown that the long time success of ACL reconstruction depends on the surgical technique and the postoperative rehabilitation strategy. However, there is still no consensus on the content of rehabilitation programs. Hence, additional research is required to elucidate the significance of early weight-bearing in the rehabilitation process following ACL reconstruction. The aim of this article is to examine the impact of weight-bearing on the clinical results of ACL reconstruction.

Materials and methods

We retrospectively reviewed patient records who had undergone arthroscopic reconstruction using a semitendinosus-gracilis tendon graft for anterior cruciate ligament rupture between January 2018 and December 2020. The study included the data of 110 patients. The patients were split into two groups: Group 1 underwent early weight-bearing, while Group 2 followed a non-weight-bearing regimen for three weeks. We assessed the patients using the anterior drawer test, Lachman test, range of motion, Lysholm knee scale, Cincinnati scale, Tegner scale, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) form and clinical records. Analytical tests were conducted to compare the results.

Results

The complication rates did not show a significant difference between the groups. Group 1 had higher frequencies of positive anterior drawer and Lachman tests. The Lysholm and Cincinnati knee scores of patients in Group 1 were notably lower than those of patients in Group 2. Additionally, the Tegner activity scores and IKDC scores of patients in Group 1 were also meaningfully lower than those of patients in Group 2. In Group 1 patients, there was no notable relationship observed between body mass index (BMI) and the results of the anterior drawer test (ADT) or Lachman test. However, patients with a BMI of 25 or higher in Group 1 showed a decrease in postoperative IKDC scores. In Group 2 patients, no significant relationship was identified between BMI and either the ADT or the Lachman test outcome.

Conclusion

Based on current literature and current rehabilitation guidelines following ACL reconstruction, the decision to initiate early weight-bearing is based on a limited number of studies with low levels of evidence. In our study, we found that patients who followed a non-weight-bearing regimen for 3 weeks after surgery had better mid-term results than those who were allowed to bear weight early. It appears that further prospective studies on this topic are needed to update rehabilitation guidelines in the next.
Association between modifiable lifestyle pattern and periodontitis: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES
Authors: Lin Jianlin , Pei Tao , Yang Hongyu
Published: May 2024

Background

Periodontitis can be avoided with a healthy lifestyle. However, studies have only looked at one lifestyle, ignoring the connection between lifestyle patterns and periodontitis. The purpose of this study was to look at the association between modifiable lifestyle patterns and periodontitis.

Methods

Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2009–2010 and 2011–2012. Smoke, drink, exercise, sleep duration, oral exams, and self-rated oral health were all lifestyle factors. The CDC/AAP classification/case definition was used to evaluate periodontitis. Drawing upon latent class analysis, distinct patterns of lifestyle were identified, with each participant exclusively affiliated with a single pattern. The association between lifestyle classes and periodontitis was then examined using ordinal logistic regression.

Results

4686 (52%) of the total 9034 participants, with a mean age of 54.08, were women. Three lifestyle latent classes were found by fitting 2–10 models: “Class 1” (52%), " Class 2” (13%), and " Class 3” (35%). The “Class 1” displayed a prevalence of oral examination (75%), favorable self-rated oral health (92%), and engagement in physical activity (50%). The ‘Class 2’ exhibited the lowest alcohol consumption (64%) and smoking rates (73%) but the highest prevalence of physical inactivity (98%). The ‘Class 3’ showed a tendency for smoking (72%), alcohol consumption (78%), shorter sleep duration (50%), absence of oral examinations (75%), and suboptimal self-rated oral health (68%). The influencing variables for the latent classes of lifestyle were age, education, and poverty level. Periodontitis risk may rise by 24% for each additional unhealthy lifestyle practiced by participants (OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.18–1.31). The ‘Class 3’ (OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.52–2.13) had a greater risk of periodontitis compared to the ‘Class 1’.

Conclusions

Our analysis revealed that unhealthy lifestyle patterns are associated with periodontitis. These different lifestyle patterns need to be taken into account when developing public health interventions and clinical care.
Ethnomedicine, antibacterial activity, antioxidant potential and phytochemical screening of selected medicinal plants in Dibatie district, Metekel zone, western Ethiopia
Authors: Anbessa Baressa , Lulekal Ermias , Hymete Ariaya , Debella Asfaw , Debebe Eyob , Abebe Abiy , Degu Sileshi
Published: May 2024

Background

Medicinal plants play a major role in the delivery of healthcare, particularly among the rural population of Ethiopia. Plant extracts and their bioactive compounds have been utilized for the treatment of several diseases. This study was aimed at evaluating the antibacterial activity, antioxidant capacity, and phytochemical content of selected medicinal plants used in Dibatie district, western Ethiopia.

Methods

Study plants were collected, shade dried, pulverized, extracted by maceration in 80% ethanol, and subjected to antibacterial, antioxidant, and phytochemical tests. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using 96-well microplates and nutrient broth microdilution. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. Phytochemical screening was conducted using standard test methods.

Results

The ethanolic extract ofPolystachya steudneriRchb.f. pseudobulbs was the most active against gram-negativeProteus mirabilis,Salmonella typhimurium,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Escherichia coli, andShigella flexneri, with MIC values of 8 ± 0, 11 ± 5, 3 ± 1, 3 ± 1, and 2 ± 0 mg/mL, respectively. The ethanolic extract ofP. steudneriwas also the most effective against gram-positiveStaphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis,Streptococcus agalactiae, andEnterococcus faecalis, with MIC values of 8 ± 0, 8 ± 0, 3 ± 1, and 16 ± 0 mg/mL, respectively. Ethanolic extracts ofGnidia involucrataSteud. ex A.Rich. stems and roots were effective antioxidants, with respective 50% DPPH free radical inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 168.68 and 181.79 µg/mL, followed by that ofP. steudneri(IC50 = 203.11 µg/mL). The study plants contained alkaloids, anthocyanins, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, coumarins, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, steroids, tannins, and terpenoids.

Conclusions

This study confirmed the antibiotic, antioxidant, and phytochemical constituents of the investigated plants and suggested further investigations that may lead to bioactive lead compounds.
The Community Primary Care Champions Fellowship: a mixed methods evaluation of an interprofessional fellowship for physician assistants and physicians
Authors: Stryker Shanna D. , Hargraves Daniel , Velasquez Veronica , Gottschlich Melissa , Cafferty Patrick , Vale Darla , Schlaudecker Jeff , Pallerla Harini , Rich Megan
Published: May 2024

Background

Primary care in the US faces challenges with clinician recruitment, retention, and burnout, with further workforce shortages predicted in the next decade. Team-based care can be protective against clinician burnout, and opportunities for interprofessional education (IPE) on professional development and leadership could encourage primary care transformation. Despite an increasingly important role in the primary care workforce, IPE initiatives training physician assistants (PAs) alongside physicians are rare. We describe the design, curriculum, and outcomes from an interprofessional primary care transformation fellowship for community-based primary care physicians and PAs.

Methods

The Community Primary Care Champions (CPCC) Fellowship was a one-year, part-time fellowship which trained nine PAs, fourteen physicians, and a behavioralist with at least two years of post-graduate clinical experience in six content pillars: quality improvement (QI), wellness and burnout, mental health, social determinants of health, medical education, and substance use disorders. The fellowship included a recurring schedule of monthly activities in self-study, lectures, mentoring, and community expert evening discussions. Evaluation of the fellowship included pre, post, and one-year follow-up self-assessments of knowledge, attitudes, and confidence in the six content areas, pre- and post- wellness surveys, lecture and discussion evaluations, and midpoint and exit focus groups.

Results

Fellows showed significant improvement in 24 of 28 self-assessment items across all content areas post-fellowship, and in 16 of 18 items one-year post-fellowship. They demonstrated reductions in emotional exhaustion and depersonalization post-fellowship and increased confidence in working in interprofessional teams post-fellowship which persisted on one-year follow-up assessments. All fellows completed QI projects and four presented their work at national conferences. Focus group data showed that fellows experienced collaborative, meaningful professional development that was relevant to their clinical work. They appreciated the flexible format and inclusion of interprofessional community experts in evening discussions.

Conclusions

The CPCC fellowship fostered an interprofessional community of practice that provided an effective IPE experience for physicians and PAs. The learning activities, and particularly the community expert discussions, allowed for a flexible, relevant experience, resulting in personal and professional growth along with increased confidence working within interprofessional teams.
Long-term care staffs’ experience in facilitating the use of videoconferencing by cognitively impaired long-term care residents during the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Hardy Marie-Soleil , Fanaki Chaimaa , Savoie Camille , Wilchesky Machelle , Gagnon Marie-Pierre , Laberge Maude , Couture Vincent , Côté André , Dallaire Clémence , Voyer Philippe , Gallani Maria Cecilia , Dallaire Bernadette , Gagnon Éric
Published: May 2024

Background

During the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous long-term care (LTC) homes faced restrictions that prevented face-to-face visits. To address this challenge and maintain family connections, many LTC homes facilitated the use of electronic tablets to connect residents with their family caregivers. Our study sought to explore the acceptability of this practice among staff members and managers, focusing on their experiences with facilitating videoconferencing.

Methods

A convergent mixed method research was performed. Qualitative and quantitative data collection through semi-structured interviews to assess the acceptability of videoconferencing in long-term care homes and to explore the characteristics of these settings. Quantitative data on the acceptability of the intervention were collected using a questionnaire developed as part of the project. The study included a convenience sample of 17 staff members and four managers.

Results

Managers described LTC homes’ characteristics, and the way videoconferencing was implemented within their institutions. Affective attitude, burden, ethicality, opportunity costs, perceived effectiveness, and self-efficacy are reported as per the constructs of the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability. The results suggest a favorable acceptability and a positive attitude of managers and staff members toward the use of videoconferencing in long-term care to preserve and promote contact between residents and their family caregivers. However, participants reported some challenges related to the burden and the costs regarding the invested time and staff shortage.

Conclusions

LTC home staff reported a clear understanding of the acceptability and challenges regarding the facilitation of videoconferencing by residents to preserve their contact with family caregivers.
Population pharmacokinetics of primaquine and its metabolites in African males
Authors: Chotsiri Palang , Mahamar Almahamoudou , Diawara Halimatou , Fasinu Pius S. , Diarra Kalifa , Sanogo Koualy , Bousema Teun , Walker Larry A. , Brown Joelle M. , Dicko Alassane , Gosling Roly , Chen Ingrid , Tarning Joel
Published: May 2024

Background

Primaquine (PQ) is the prototype 8-aminoquinoline drug, a class which targets gametocytes and hypnozoites. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends adding a single low dose of primaquine to the standard artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) in order to block malaria transmission in regions with low malaria transmission. However, the haemolytic toxicity is a major adverse outcome of primaquine in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-deficient subjects. This study aimed to characterize the pharmacokinetic properties of primaquine and its major metabolites in G6PD-deficient subjects.

Methods

A single low-dose of primaquine (0.4–0.5 mg/kg) was administered in twenty-eight African males. Venous and capillary plasma were sampled up to 24 h after the drug administration. Haemoglobin levels were observed up to 28 days after drug administration. Only PQ, carboxy-primaquine (CPQ), and primaquine carbamoyl-glucuronide (PQCG) were present in plasma samples and measured using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Drug and metabolites’ pharmacokinetic properties were investigated using nonlinear mixed-effects modelling.

Results

Population pharmacokinetic properties of PQ, CPQ, and PQCG can be described by one-compartment disposition kinetics with a transit-absorption model. Body weight was implemented as an allometric function on the clearance and volume parameters for all compounds. None of the covariates significantly affected the pharmacokinetic parameters. No significant correlations were detected between the exposures of the measured compounds and the change in haemoglobin or methaemoglobin levels. There was no significant haemoglobin drop in the G6PD-deficient patients after administration of a single low dose of PQ.

Conclusions

A single low-dose of PQ was haematologically safe in this population of G6PD-normal and G6PD-deficient African males without malaria.

Trial registration NCT02535767
Relationship between triglyceride-glucose index and blood eosinophils among asthmatic individuals in the USA
Authors: Wen Jun , Liao Jiaxin , Wei Chengcheng , Xia Jing , Giri Mohan , Guo Shuliang
Published: May 2024

Background

Presently, the majority of investigations primarily evaluate the correlation between triglyceride-glucose index (TyGI) with lung diseases, such as asthma. However, they did not delve into the correlation between TyGI and inflammatory responses related to the disease. Few studies have explored the association between TyGI and blood eosinophil count (BEOC). Thus, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data were used in this study to evaluate the correlation between TyGI and BEOC in individuals with asthma.

Methods

This study investigated 3902 individuals with asthma. Linear regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between TyGI and BEOC in patients with asthma. Subsequently, the GAM and threshold effect models were used to validate the presence of either a nonlinear or linear association between TyGI and BEOC. Finally, stratified analyses were conducted to ascertain the correlations between different subgroups.

Results

Four linear regression models confirmed a positive linear correlation between TyGI and BEOC in patients with asthma. In Model D, which controlled for all covariates, BEOC increased by 12.44 cells/uL for every extra unit of TyGI. The GAM and threshold effect models further verified the positive linear correlation between TyGI and BEOC. The XGBoost model indicated that the six most significant variables influencing BEOC, in order of relative importance, were age, cholesterol level, body mass index (BMI), poverty-to-income ratio (PIR), BNEUC, and TyGI.

Conclusions

In patients with asthma, the study discovered a linear positive correlation between TyGI and BEOC. This indicates a potential connection between TyGI and alterations in the immune status of individuals with asthma, which may help detect abnormalities in a timely manner and provide a reference for clinical decision-making. This study offers fresh insights for the future exploration of the management and treatment of asthma.
Conversion of dendritic cells into tolerogenic or inflammatory cells depends on the activation threshold and kinetics of the mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Wixler Viktor , Boergeling Yvonne , Leite Dantas Rafael , Varga Georg , Ludwig Stephan
Published: May 2024

Background

Restoring impaired peripheral immune tolerance is the primary challenge in treating autoimmune diseases. Our previous research demonstrated the effectiveness of small spleen peptides (SSPs), a fraction of low molecular weight proteins, in inhibiting the progression of psoriatic arthritis, even in the presence of high levels of the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα in the bloodstream. When specifically targeting dendritic cells (DCs), SSPs transform them into tolerogenic cells, which efficiently induce the development of regulatory Foxp3+ Treg cells. In this study, we provide further insights into the mechanism of action of SSPs.

Results

We found that SSPs stimulate the activation of the mTOR signaling pathway in dendritic cells, albeit in a different manner than the classical immunogenic stimulus LPS. While LPS-induced activation is rapid, strong, and sustained, the activity induced by SSPs is delayed, less intense, yet still significant. These distinct patterns of activation, as measured by phosphorylation of key components of the pathway are also observed in response to other immunogenic and tolerogenic stimuli such as GM-CSF + IL-4 or IL-10 and TGFβ. The disparity in mTOR activation between immunogenic and tolerogenic stimuli is quantitative rather than qualitative. In both cases, mTOR activation primarily occurs through the PI3K/Akt signaling axis and involves ERK and GSK3β kinases, with minimal involvement of AMPK or NF-kB pathways. Furthermore, in the case of SSPs, mTOR activation seems to involve adenosine receptors. Additionally, we observed that DCs treated with SSPs exhibit an energy metabolism with high plasticity, which is typical of tolerogenic cells rather than immunogenic cells.

Conclusion

Hence, the decision whether dendritic cells enter an inflammatory or tolerogenic state seems to rely on varying activation thresholds and kinetics of the mTOR signaling pathway.
Investigating the socio-demographic characteristics and smoking cessation incidence among smokers accessing smoking cessation services in primary care settings of Qatar, a Historical Cohort Study
Authors: Zainel Abduljaleel Abdullatif , Al Mujalli Hanan , Yfakhroo Ameena Ibrahim , Mohamed Hafiz Ahmed E. , Al Nuaimi Ahmed Sameer , Syed Muslim Abbas , Syed Mohamed Ahmed
Published: May 2024

Background

Tobacco dependence is a chronic disease that often requires repeated interventions and multiple attempts to quit. Cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of mortality. Globally, an estimated 1.3 billion people smoke.

In Qatar, Smoking cessation services (SCSs) are provided free of charge to citizens and at a minimal cost to non-citizens. This study aimed to measure the effectiveness of the smoking cessation program adopted by the Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC) of Qatar. This was achieved through calculating the percentage of smoking cessation service users (survival probabilities) who maintained the non-smoking status after selected follow up periods. Moreover, the study highlighted the possible association of selected explanatory variables with smoking cessation survival probabilities.

Methods

In this historical cohort study 490 participants were recruited by simple random sampling who attended the smoking cessation clinics (SCCs) in PHCC prior to 30/06/2021. The participants were contacted by phone and invited to participate in the study. The participants who agreed to participate in the study were interviewed utilizing a structured questionnaire.

Results

Initially 311 (63.5%) of the participants quitted smoking after receiving SCSs. There were statistically significant differences between quitting smoking and the nationality and the educational level of participants (p ≤ 0.001 and 0.02 respectively). About one fourth (23.3%) of individuals who initially quitted smoking relapsed and resumed smoking as early as 6 months after completing their SCC visits. This relapse rate increased to 38.7, 47.2 and 51.1% after 12, 24 and 36 months respectively. Less than a half (45.8%) maintained the non-smoking status after 42 months from their initially quitting.

Conclusion and recommendations

The findings of the study substantiate the effectiveness of SCSs designed within PHCC both in short- and long-term basis. Younger individuals, smokers with Arab ethnicity, smokers falling within high income and education groups were identified as high-risk groups and need highest focus. The accessibility to the service among the local population can be increased by upscaling the advertisement of the existing services.
Breakthroughs in choroid plexus and CSF biology from the first European Choroid plexus Scientific Forum (ECSF)
Authors: Pellegrini Laura , Silva-Vargas Violeta , Patrizi Annarita
Published: May 2024

The European Choroid plexus Scientific Forum (ECSF), held in Heidelberg, Germany between the 7th and 9th of November 2023, involved 21 speakers from eight countries. ECSF focused on discussing cutting-edge fundamental and medical research related to the development and functions of the choroid plexus and its implications for health, aging, and disease, including choroid plexus tumors. In addition to new findings in this expanding field, innovative approaches, animal models and 3D in vitro models were showcased to encourage further investigation into choroid plexus and cerebrospinal fluid roles.
A modern way to teach and practice manual therapy
Authors: Kerry Roger , Young Kenneth J. , Evans David W. , Lee Edward , Georgopoulos Vasileios , Meakins Adam , McCarthy Chris , Cook Chad , Ridehalgh Colette , Vogel Steven , Banton Amanda , Bergström Cecilia , Mazzieri Anna Maria , Mourad Firas , Hutting Nathan
Published: May 2024

Background

Musculoskeletal conditions are the leading contributor to global disability and health burden. Manual therapy (MT) interventions are commonly recommended in clinical guidelines and used in the management of musculoskeletal conditions. Traditional systems of manual therapy (TMT), including physiotherapy, osteopathy, chiropractic, and soft tissue therapy have been built on principles such as clinician-centred assessment, patho-anatomical reasoning, and technique specificity. These historical principles are not supported by current evidence. However, data from clinical trials support the clinical and cost effectiveness of manual therapy as an intervention for musculoskeletal conditions, when used as part of a package of care.

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose a modern evidence-guided framework for the teaching and practice of MT which avoids reference to and reliance on the outdated principles of TMT. This framework is based on three fundamental humanistic dimensions common in all aspects of healthcare: safety, comfort, and efficiency. These practical elements are contextualised by positive communication, a collaborative context, and person-centred care. The framework facilitates best-practice, reasoning, and communication and is exemplified here with two case studies.

Methods

A literature review stimulated by a new method of teaching manual therapy, reflecting contemporary evidence, being trialled at a United Kingdom education institute. A group of experienced, internationally-based academics, clinicians, and researchers from across the spectrum of manual therapy was convened. Perspectives were elicited through reviews of contemporary literature and discussions in an iterative process. Public presentations were made to multidisciplinary groups and feedback was incorporated. Consensus was achieved through repeated discussion of relevant elements.

Conclusions

Manual therapy interventions should include both passive and active, person-empowering interventions such as exercise, education, and lifestyle adaptations. These should be delivered in a contextualised healing environment with a well-developed person-practitioner therapeutic alliance. Teaching manual therapy should follow this model.
A method for selective and efficient isolation of gray matter astrocytes from the spinal cord of adult mice
Authors: Iwasaki Ryoma , Kohro Yuta , Tsuda Makoto
Published: May 2024

A growing body of evidence indicates intra- and inter-regional heterogeneity of astrocytes in the brain. However, because of a lack of an efficient method for isolating astrocytes from the spinal cord, little is known about how much spinal cord astrocytes are heterogeneous in adult mice. In this study, we developed a new method for isolating spinal astrocytes from adult mice using a cold-active protease from Bacillus licheniformis with an astrocyte cell surface antigen-2 (ACSA-2) antibody. Using fluorescence-activated cell sorting, isolated spinal ACSA-2+ cells were divided into two distinct populations, ACSA-2high and ACSA-2low. By analyzing the expression of cell-type marker genes, the ACSA-2high and ACSA-2low populations were identified as astrocytes and ependymal cells, respectively. Furthermore, ACSA-2high cells had mRNAs encoding genes that were abundantly expressed in the gray matter (GM) but not white matter astrocytes. By optimizing enzymatic isolation procedures, the yield of GM astrocytes also increased. Therefore, our newly established method enabled the selective and efficient isolation of GM astrocytes from the spinal cord of adult mice and may be useful for bulk- or single-cell RNA-sequencing under physiological and pathological conditions.
Mitochondrial transfer in tunneling nanotubes—a new target for cancer therapy
Authors: Guan Fan , Wu Xiaomin , Zhou Jiatong , Lin Yuzhe , He Yuqing , Fan Chunmei , Zeng Zhaoyang , Xiong Wei
Published: May 2024

A century ago, the Warburg effect was first proposed, revealing that cancer cells predominantly rely on glycolysis during the process of tumorigenesis, even in the presence of abundant oxygen, shifting the main pathway of energy metabolism from the tricarboxylic acid cycle to aerobic glycolysis. Recent studies have unveiled the dynamic transfer of mitochondria within the tumor microenvironment, not only between tumor cells but also between tumor cells and stromal cells, immune cells, and others. In this review, we explore the pathways and mechanisms of mitochondrial transfer within the tumor microenvironment, as well as how these transfer activities promote tumor aggressiveness, chemotherapy resistance, and immune evasion. Further, we discuss the research progress and potential clinical significance targeting these phenomena. We also highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting intercellular mitochondrial transfer as a future anti-cancer strategy and enhancing cell-mediated immunotherapy.

Graphical Abstract
Cranium of Sipalocyon externus (Metatheria, Sparassodonta) with remarks on the paleoneurology of hathliacynids and insights into the Early Miocene sparassodonts of Patagonia, Argentina
Authors: Gaillard Charlène , Forasiepi Analía M. , Tarquini Sergio D. , MacPhee Ross D. E. , Ladevèze Sandrine
Published: May 2024

In this contribution, we investigate two sparassodonts from the Sarmiento Formation (Colhuehuapian Age; Early Miocene) recovered at the Patagonian locality of Sacanana, Chubut Province, Argentina. The first specimen (MACN-Pv CH1911), identified as Sipalocyon externus, is an almost complete cranium with upper dentition. The second specimen (MACN-Pv CH40), referred to Borhyaena macrodonta, consists of a fragmentary rostral portion of the face with associated m3–m4. The cranium of S. externus was studied through µCT-scanning to investigate its internal anatomy and infer paleoecological aspects of olfaction and hearing. In general, the endocranial anatomy and encephalization quotient are like those of other metatherians. We report the presence of an accessory transverse diploic sinus that has not previously been described in marsupials. Elements of the nasal cavity (e.g., turbinals, ossified nasal septum, cribriform plate) of S. externus exhibit features that are widespread among marsupials. Sense of olfaction, as evaluated from the cribriform plate and the 3D models of the olfactory bulbs, appears to have grossly resembled that of the domestic cat, a well-researched therian proxy. The dimensions of the tympanic membrane, as estimated from the preserved ectotympanic, suggest that the optimal hearing frequency of S. externus would have been similar to that of extant carnivorous marsupials. In sum, our study suggests that S. externus was a typical small-bodied (2–3 kg) hypercarnivorous metatherian that primarily relied on vision to hunt its prey, complemented by other sensory capabilities (olfaction and hearing), in a similar manner to small felids.
Efficacy of interventions and techniques on adherence to physiotherapy in adults: an overview of systematic reviews and panoramic meta-analysis
Authors: Ley Clemens , Putz Peter
Published: May 2024

Background

Adherence to physiotherapeutic treatment and recommendations is crucial to achieving planned goals and desired health outcomes. This overview of systematic reviews synthesises the wide range of additional interventions and behaviour change techniques used in physiotherapy, exercise therapy and physical therapy to promote adherence and summarises the evidence of their efficacy.

Methods

Seven databases (PEDro, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO and CINAHL) were systematically searched with terms related to physiotherapy, motivation, behaviour change, adherence and efficacy (last searched on January 31, 2023). Only systematic reviews of randomised control trials with adults were included. The screening process and quality assessment with AMSTAR-2 were conducted independently by the two authors. The extracted data was synthesised narratively. In addition, four meta-analyses were pooled in a panoramic meta-analysis.

Results

Of 187 reviews identified in the search, 19 were included, comprising 205 unique trials. Four meta-analyses on the effects of booster sessions, behaviour change techniques, goal setting and motivational interventions showed a significantly small overall effect (SMD 0.24, 95% CI 0.13, 0.34) and no statistical heterogeneity (I2 = 0%) in the panoramic meta-analysis. Narrative synthesis revealed substantial clinical and methodological diversity. In total, the certainty of evidence is low regarding the efficacy of the investigated interventions and techniques on adherence, due to various methodological flaws. Most of the RCTs that were included in the reviews analysed cognitive and behavioural interventions in patients with musculoskeletal diseases, indicating moderate evidence for the efficacy of some techniques, particularly, booster sessions, supervision and graded exercise. The reviews provided less evidence for the efficacy of educational and psychosocial interventions and partly inconsistent findings. Most of the available evidence refers to short to medium-term efficacy. The combination of a higher number of behaviour change techniques was more efficacious.

Conclusions

The overview of reviews synthesised various potentially efficacious techniques that may be combined for a holistic and patient-centred approach and may support tailoring complex interventions to the patient’s needs and dispositions. It also identifies various research gaps and calls for a more holistic approach to define and measure adherence in physiotherapy.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO CRD42021267355.
Injuries and /or trauma due to sexual gender-based violence among survivors in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic scoping review of research evidence
Authors: Kuupiel Desmond , Lateef Monsurat A. , Adzordor Patience , Mchunu Gugu G. , Pillay Julian D.
Published: May 2024

Background

Sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) is a prevalent issue in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), causing injuries and trauma with severe consequences for survivors. This scoping review aimed to explore the range of research evidence on injuries and trauma resulting from SGBV among survivors in SSA and identify research gaps.

Methods

The review employed the Arksey and O’Malley methodological framework, conducting extensive literature searches across multiple electronic databases using keywords, Boolean operators, medical subject heading terms and manual searches of reference lists. It included studies focusing on injuries and trauma from SGBV, regardless of gender or age, published between 2012 and 2023, and involved an SSA countries. Two authors independently screened articles, performed data extraction and quality appraisal, with discrepancies resolved through discussions or a third author. Descriptive analysis and narrative synthesis were used to report the findings.

Results

After screening 569 potentially eligible articles, 20 studies were included for data extraction and analysis. Of the 20 included studies, most were cross-sectional studies (n = 15; 75%) from South Africa (n = 11; 55%), and involved women (n = 15; 75%). The included studies reported significant burden of injuries and trauma resulting from SGBV, affecting various populations, including sexually abused children, married women, visually impaired women, refugees, and female students. Factors associated with injuries and trauma included the duration of abuse, severity of injuries sustained, marital status, family dynamics, and timing of incidents. SGBV had a significant impact on mental health, leading to post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, suicidal ideations, and psychological trauma. Survivors faced challenges in accessing healthcare and support services, particularly in rural areas, with traditional healers sometimes providing the only mental health care available. Disparities were observed between urban and rural areas in the prevalence and patterns of SGBV, with rural women experiencing more repeated sexual assaults and non-genital injuries.

Conclusion

This scoping review highlights the need for targeted interventions to address SGBV and its consequences, improve access to healthcare and support services, and enhance mental health support for survivors. Further research is required to fill existing gaps and develop evidence-based strategies to mitigate the impact of SGBV on survivors in SSA.
Molecular subtypes of clear cell renal carcinoma based on PCD-related long non-coding RNAs expression: insights into the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic strategies
Authors: Wang Han , Liu Yang , Tang Aifa , Zhang Xiansheng
Published: May 2024

Background

PCD-related long non-coding RNAs (PRLs) are rarely investigated in relation to clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC). As part of this study, we evaluated the immunological potential of PRL signatures as a biomarker for ccRCC prognosis and immunological function.

Materials and methods

Data were downloaded from the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. A Pearson correlation analysis was conducted on the 27 PCD-associated genes to determine whether lncRNAs were significantly associated with PCD. Kaplan–Meier analysis, biological function identification, immune infiltration analysis, estimation of efficacy of immunotherapy and targeted drug screening, and exploration of the landscape of mutation status were conducted by analyzing the risk scores.

Results

Seven PRLs, LINC02747, AP001636.3, AC022126.1, LINC02657, LINC02609, LINC02154, and ZNNT1, were used to divide patients with ccRCC into groups with high and low risk. High-risk patients had a worse prognosis than low-risk patients, according to the results, and the PRL signature showed promising predictive ability. More immune cells were clustered in the high-risk group, whereas the immune cell function of the low-risk group was significantly suppressed. The high-risk group was less sensitive to immunotherapy, whereas the low-risk group had positive responses to most drugs.

Conclusions

Collectively, we established and verified a PRL signature that could competently guide the prognostic survival and immunotherapy of ccRCC. In addition, molecular subtypes were determined for ccRCC based on PRL expression, which may help elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism of ccRCC and develop targeted treatments.
Considerations for biomarker strategies in clinical trials investigating tau-targeting therapeutics for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Penny Lewis K. , Lofthouse Richard , Arastoo Mohammad , Porter Andy , Palliyil Soumya , Harrington Charles R. , Wischik Claude M.
Published: May 2024

The use of biomarker-led clinical trial designs has been transformative for investigating amyloid-targeting therapies for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The designs have ensured the correct selection of patients on these trials, supported target engagement and have been used to support claims of disease modification and clinical efficacy. Ultimately, this has recently led to approval of disease-modifying, amyloid-targeting therapies for AD; something that should be noted for clinical trials investigating tau-targeting therapies for AD. There is a clear overlap of the purpose of biomarker use at each stage of clinical development between amyloid-targeting and tau-targeting clinical trials. However, there are differences within the potential context of use and interpretation for some biomarkers in particular measurements of amyloid and utility of soluble, phosphorylated tau biomarkers. Given the complexities of tau in health and disease, it is paramount that therapies target disease-relevant tau and, in parallel, appropriate assays of target engagement are developed. Tau positron emission tomography, fluid biomarkers reflecting tau pathology and downstream measures of neurodegeneration will be important both for participant recruitment and for monitoring disease-modification in tau-targeting clinical trials. Bespoke design of biomarker strategies and interpretations for different modalities and tau-based targets should also be considered.
Exploring police attitudes on victims’ delayed reporting and victim blame in technology-facilitated IPV
Authors: Chatzisymeonidis Stavros , Pina Afroditi
Published: May 2024

Background setting

Cyberstalking, now conceptualised as one of the forms of technology-facilitated intimate partner violence (TFIPV), has seen an exponential rise in recent years. TFIPV victims may hesitate and delay reporting cyberstalking to the police for various reasons (e.g., lack of recognition, thinking that it may be a waste of time, hoping it will stop etc.) and thus potentially influence how investigating police officers perceive their credibility and responsibility. This study investigates the recognition of cyberstalking as a crime among police personnel and the potential effect of reporting delays on police officers’ attitudes towards the victims.

Methods

An online survey was conducted with 108 police officers in the UK, who were presented with a vignette illustrating one of three almost identical scenarios, differing only in the time of reporting (after one month, after six months, after 12 months). Subsequently, participants completed a questionnaire that assessed their recognition of the case as cyberstalking and their attitudes towards victims. All police officers had received predetermined police training at various levels. In addition to these police training programmes, a minority of officers (27) had attended the specialised training programme on intimate partner violence, Domestic Abuse (DA) Matters, while the majority (81) had not.

Results

Among the officers who completed the aforementioned special training, all except one recognised the case as cyberstalking; contrastingly, out of 81 officers without such special training 28 expressed uncertainty, whereas three did not recognise it at all. The victim’s delay to report cyberstalking had a significant effect on police officers’ victim blaming levels. The gender of police officers and their police training level were not identified as moderators of the relationship between victim’s delay in cyberstalking reporting and victim blaming.

Conclusions

These findings highlight the importance for enhanced recognition and understanding of cyberstalking among police officers, particularly through specialised training programs. The study underscores the importance of addressing attitudes towards victims with the goal of improving police responses to TFIPV.