bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nachhaltige regionalentwicklung mit tourismus: Ergebnisse aus dem forschungsschwerpunkt des deutschsprachigen “arbeitskreises freizeit‐ und fremdenverkehrsgeographie”
Authors: Becker Christoph
Published: March 2008

The German network of leisure and tourism geography is analysing the concept of sustainable development in the field of tourism. This research is directed to point out the conditions for a sustainable tourism with high earnings which is accepted by the residents. Christoph Becker has published with Hubert Job and Anke Witzel an important textbook on sustainable tourism in Central Europe.
Human relations and travel patterns — A global network
Authors: Sahlberg Bengt
Published: March 2008

This article discusses the extent to which travel patterns are determined by belonging to networks and previous experience of the destination through previous visits. The statistical data supporting the study are taken from a survey of Swedish travel patterns. The analysis deals only with leasure journeys (including an overnight stay) made by Swedes within Sweden and abroad. The results indicate that networking and previous experience are decisive regarding journeys within the country. Overseas travel is less dependent on networking, but the destinations involved have largely already been visited, i.e. the traveller has previous experience of the destination.
Rund um die weit m im jet oder im cyberspace? herausforderung für reiseveranstalter und reisebüros
Authors: Romeiß‐Stracke Felizitas
Published: March 2008

The “homo oeconomicus” is a fiction. The real human beings live their emotions which play an important rule mainly during their holidays.
Image and destination: A geographical approach applied to Banff National Park, Canada
Authors: Draper Dianne , Minca Claudio
Published: March 2008

As intricate mental constructions, destination images reflect cultural, intellectual and existential backgrounds of individuals, communities and social groups, as well as marketing strategies. In the case of Banff National Park, for example, marketing strategies have promoted a potential need for wilderness and natural environment related experiences that is expressed in western post‐industrialized societies. However, touristic development often creates places structured to fit suitable images suggested by the market and leads to the co‐existence of multiple images for a single destination. The resulting tourist landscapes very often are divorced from the original setting, atmosphere, and characteristics of the real place.
Die automatisierung von dienstleistungen am beispiel reisevermittlung
Authors: Krönes Gerhard
Published: March 2008

In this paper, after an elucidation of several central concepts of the topic, the author focuses on the sales channels in tourism and clarifies the role retailers play in the market. He shows that the existence of institutional travel retailers is generally based on transaction costs, and that thanks to the automation the level of dependence on transaction costs can be reduced. This thesis induces the question to what extent the retailers' performances can be automated. In answer to this question the author creates a list of criteria including the following aspects; the general and occasional suitability of retail products (e g tickets, travel packages), the availability of technical equipment and information necessary for the automation at the points of sale and in the households (buyers), the level of complexity and acceptance regarding the handling of automated travel services. The paper comes to the conclusion that the automation of travel services will probably be used mainly by business travelers, whereas private customers will more likely keep their affinity for conventional retailers.
Tour guide employment motivation
Authors: Ross Glenn F.
Published: March 2008

This study has examined prospective employees' perceptions regarding a tour guide position, together with a range of entrepreneurialism and work context preference variables. It has been found that this type of position is relatively highly regarded among many respondents, as was self employment and small firm employment as work context preferences. It was also found that effective communication was the most prominent entrepreneurial perspective and was consistently revealed to predict an employment interest in this type of work. The implications of these results as well as suggestions for further exploration of this area are also examined.
How not to get Olympic Games: Destination managers instead of strategists
Authors: Socher Karl
Published: March 2008

This article generally deals with the level of acceptance the population of Tyrol showed for the Olympic Games in Innsbruck in the past (1964 and 1976) and in these days (applications for 2002 and 2006). Moreover, it explains the reasons which led to a decrease in sympathy for Olympic Games among the local population during the last years. Particularly most people in the city think, that tourism drives up prices, increases traffic, reduces parking space, destroys the environment and so on. On the other hand, the people in the country‐side, especially in the tourism resorts, have a more positive opinion about tourism, because they see the advantages for them directly. In 1993, the application for the Olympic Winter Games 2002 was negative with 73% of the votes. In 1997, a second referendum for an application for 2006 was held. The result in the province of Tyrol was positive with a majority of 69%, but the voters in the city of Innsbruck rejected the proposal by 53%. The author works out the thesis, that a well organized campaign could have had a positive result already in the first referendum in 1993. He also points out, that one of the main mistakes was the fact that there were no engaged entrepreneurs supporting the idea of Olympic Games, but mainly politicians and functionaries. Other reasons for the rejection and increased scepticism of the population are the concentration on the city of Innsbruck, the lack in clearly demonstrating the advantages in financial income, infrastructure and employment as well as the opinion that tourism only meets the interest of the hotel industry.
A survey of Austria's tourist industry
Authors: Smeral Egon
Published: March 2008

In a study commissioned by the Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs, the Austrian Institute of Economic Research conducted a written survey of the Austrian hotel industry (hotels and similar establishments). The sample comprised more than 3,000 establishments in the three to five star category.
Holiday decision‐making in the Netherlands; Selection processes with regard to domestic and foreign holiday destination
Authors: Zom Jac , van Hal Winny
Published: March 2008

Ever since the rise of tourism, the holiday behavior of the Dutch has been subjected to certain changes inherent to various general societal developments. The assumption is warranted that this has also caused certain changes in the holiday decision‐making process. 1984 was the most recent year a national study into the holiday selection process was conducted. It was considered advisable after more than ten years to repeat such a study in order to review whether and to which extent the holiday selection process had actually changed.
Long‐haul tourism 2005: Delphi study
Authors: Mller Hansruedi
Published: March 2008

Tourism to distant countries is booming, as many statistics confirm. And the forecasts indicate that long‐haul tourism, with its advantages and disadvantages for travellers and host populations, for the economy and nature, is set to increase still further. The positive and negative impacts on tourism destinations in developing countries in particular are the subject of countless studies and discussions.
Tourism quality plan: An effective tourism policy tool
Authors: De Keyser Rik , Vanhove Norbert
Published: March 2008

The starting‐point of this article is that it will be essential to give quality a crucial function in the tourism policy of the future. The philosophy of quality management is known. However its application in the tourism sector is hampered by a number of particularities of this sector. This article proposes a possible approach at the level of a tourist municipality or region. Based on an extensive quality audit among tourists it must be possible to draw up a quality plan which should result into a considerable quality improvement of the tourism product.
Der strukturwandel im alpinen tourismus und daraus resultierende anpassungsprobleme der tourismusunternehmen
Authors: Weiermair Klaus , Auer J.W.
Published: March 2008

Post‐war tourism in the Swiss Alps developed in four distinct phases. The pioneering phase (1955 – 65) was led by small family businesses of an old‐fashioned patriarchal stamp: guided by ideals, ready to take risks, possessed of few qualifications. The next phase (1965 – 79) was a period of quantitative growth which saw tourism become an important sector of the national economy, and also prepared the way for mass tourism and the accompanying infrastructure and superstructure that appeared in the new alpine destinations. The so‐called consolidation phase (1980 – 89) brought the first ever downturn in the tourism growth curves.
Le 47e congrès de l'AIEST en rétrospective Qualité et gestion de la qualité dans le domaine du tourisme: Essai de synthèse
Authors: Keller Peter , Weiermair Klaus
Published: March 2008

Questions à traiter. Le 47e congrès de l'AIEST s'est engagé à analyser les questions de fond suivantes:
Rückblick auf den 47. AIEST‐Kongreß Qualität und Qualitätsmanagement im Tourismus: Versuch einer Kongresssynthese
Authors: Keller Peter , Weiermair Klaus
Published: March 2008

Fragestellungen. Der 47. AIEST‐Kongress hat sich bemüht, folgenden Grundsatzfragen nachzugehen:
Welchen stellenwert hat die qualität im tourismus in Russland?
Authors: Saprunova Viktoria
Published: March 2008

Russia is worldwide one of the most important growing incoming and outgoing markets. The country is actually still in a transition stage between central planned economy and market economy. Considerations on quality didn't play a major role in the socialist enterprise, therefore is a lack of quality in service culture in Russia. Altough the average Russian consumer is not used to a high level of service quality, the category of the “new rich” is a rather high demanding and critical tourist segment. In the near future, the importance of quality and quality management will increase in Russia.
Quelle est l'importance du clienting dans le management de la qualité?
Authors: Rico Schemeb Heinz
Published: March 2008

'hospitalité, c'est‐à‐dire les rapports perçus comme agréables par le client ainsi que l'atmosphère l'environnant, est un élément indispensable à l'ensemble du produit touristique pour la satisfaction définitive du client. Pour atteindre cette dernière, les exigences et espérances du client doivent tre posées au centre des réflexions et stratégies entreprises.
Strategisches personalmanagement in tourismusorganisationen
Authors: Pechlaner Harald
Published: March 2008

The stronger competition and the necessity of innovating the offer ask for a strategic management of the human resources of a tourism organisation. This kind of management has to take care of the overall development and the constraints in the field of tourism and the situation of the vocational training in the concerned region. Furthermore, the management of the personal is also a function of the development of the tourism organisation which has to adapt itself to the new market situation.
Tourisme et vacances: pause ou stagnation?
Authors: Stafford Jean
Published: March 2008

This article raises the following question: is tourism as a leisure time activity entering a period of stagnation? Research carried out in urban Montreal indicates that the increasing division of society into two classes has an effect on people's behaviour as tourists. Whatever one might believe from the figures that are regularly published, tourism is not entirely dependent on the economic cycle. For it is also greatly influenced by social developments. In our post‐modern societies, tourism growth is not at all continuous.
The tourists' cognitive decision making model
Authors: Chen Joseph S.
Published: March 2008

A framework pertaining to the decision‐making process, called the Tourists' Cognitive Decision Making (TCDM) model, is presented for the purpose of identifying and understanding the cognitive process of trip decision making. Unlike traditional decision‐making models, the TCDM model incorporates latent influence, along with problem formulation, information search, evaluation and implementation into its framework.
Lage und zukunftsperspektiven der Schweizerischen hotellerie
Authors: Bieger Thomas , Frey Marcus
Published: March 2008

Reflecting on new demand trends, such as “more quality, less money” and “event” oriented products, the author comes to the conclusion that the Swiss hotel sector needs to rethink its strategy and to “reenineer” its services, procedures and performances. He proposes a model that takes customer benefits and the related chain of tourism services as its starting point.
Le modele industrielle applique a la cooperation dans le domaine du tourisme
Authors: Koch Karl
Published: March 2008

Taking successful cooperation in industry as its starting point, this article looks at the key areas where, if the agreed objective of strengthening international competitivness is to be achieved, cooperation among those involved in tourism will be of the greatest importance. Switzerland is about to implent a federal government decree aimed at promoting innovation and cooperation in tourism for this very purpose. It offers financial incentives for innovative projects designed to improve cooperation in Swiss tourism.
Tourism policy in Spain: An overview
Authors: Datzira‐Masip Jordi
Published: March 2008

The successful growth of tourism in Spain makes tourism policy more important than ever for this destination. The author proposes a reorganisation of the State Secretariat responsible for this sector of the economy. He also takes a look at the strengths and weakness of Spain's current tourism policy, taking Catalonia as an example.
Marketingstrategien für den aktiven auslandstourismus in der Slowakischen Republik
Authors: Gúèik Marian
Published: March 2008

Foreign tourism in the Slovak Republic is considered to be an effective export industry. The effort, therefore, is to increase foreign exchange revenues from foreign tourism. This is, however, dependent predominantly on the supply and quality of the services provided. In order for the development of foreign tourism in Slovakia to reach a higher qualitative level, it is imperative to emphasise the structure and quality of services, but not only in the tourist industry.
L'utilisation rationelle des ressources naturelles et culturelles: Un developpement durable du tourisme Marocain
Authors: Khlifi Samir
Published: March 2008

The author's objective is the best use of the natural and cultural resources by the actors of tourism. He proposes a sustainable development for Marocco. Tourism is an important factor of development for this country.
Plaidoyer et propositions pour la creation d'un observatoire geopolitique du tourisme
Authors: Cazes Georges
Published: March 2008

Prof. Georges Cazes of the Sorbonne University of Paris proposes the founding of a “geopolitical observatory for tourism”. He feels that this proposal is justified by the growing importance of tourism worldwide, and the fact that tourism is a sensitive barometer of the world's political climate. Tourism demand does indeed react to a variety of exogenous factors such as currency problems, environmental and political crises, etc. in a significant way and at an early stage.
Destinationsmanagement im ländlichen raum — das beispiel eifel (Deutschland)
Authors: Steinecke Albrecht , Haart Norbert , Herrmann Peter
Published: March 2008

The authors propose an interesting model which describes the success factors and formative principles for customer‐oriented supply (DESIRE model). They illustrate the steps which, in the case of the Eifel tourism region, are necessary for the creation of a functional region
Quality in the macroeconomic system of tourism
Authors: Manente Mara , Carla Furlan Maria
Published: March 2008

The authors' approach to quality is in contrast to the usual view found in economics. They analyse the quality of tourism as a system which includes final consumption, product‐based market services, the natural environment and cultural resources at no cost, and the impact of the local society, all from the macroeconomic point of view. They point out that if optimal use is to be made of resources in the sense of achieving sustainable system quality, this use must be compatible with carrying capacity.
Les stations de neige de l'avenir
Authors: Gaido Luigi
Published: March 2008

Professor Gaido analyses the future of the winter sports resort in the Alps. He explains the reasons for the stagnation on the demand side on the base of empirical results. He suggest a more consumer oriented approach which takes into account that wintersports are only one single product in the large range of other available products. The existing attraction pares can serve as a model for the future offer of a winter sport resort.
Guests' satisfaction with tourism services: A case of health resorts in Slovenia
Authors: Ogorlec Anton , Snoj Boris
Published: March 2008

First part introduces typical tourist programs of health resorts in Slovenia, their competitive advantage and possible routes of development. In the second part certain elements of perceived quality of health resorts in Slovenia are presented, stemming from the national visitor survey. Third part is concerned with the empirical analysis of the profiles of tourists satisfaction with the elements of service quality in two health resorts in Slovenia, and of the correlation between the perceived service quality and tourists loyalty.
Origen, desarrollo y consolidación de un líder hotelero: Sol meliá, 1956–1997
Authors: Pellejero Martínez Carmelo , Rojo Inmaculada Martin
Published: March 2008

Actualmente, Sol Meliá es la compañía líder en el mercado español por su oferta en hoteles urbanos, vacacíonales, y de reuniones y convenciones. Además de dominar la industria hotelera española, disfruta también de una posición de privilegio a nivel internacional. En el presente artículo se estudia su origen y su evolución durante las últimas cuatro décadas, periodo en el que ha pasado de disponer de un hotel en alquiler en Mallorca a convertirse en una compañía de servicios hoteleros que, a través de la gestión o franquicia, explota 227 establecimientos repartidos en 4 continentes y 25 países.
Seasonality in tourism: Issues and implications
Authors: Butler Richard
Published: March 2008

Seasonality in tourism has traditionally been regarded as a major problem which needs to be overcome, but relatively little research has been conducted on the patterns or causes of this phenomenon. The paper begins with a discussion of the characteristics of seasonality and develops a methodology to study the phenomenon in more detail. Seasonality in parts of Scotland are analysed in order to test the approach suggested and to determine if the measures proposed are practical. Two basic questions are examined, whether seasonality in tourism in the study area has changed significantly over a thirty year period, and whether there are spatial dimensions to seasonality that can be detected in the study area. The paper concludes that the variation in seasonality over the time period studied is more complex than anticipated and results are not consistent throughout the area and the measures used. Evidence of spatial variation in seasonality was confirmed. The study concludes that while the measures and approach used would appear to have merit and applicability, further research is needed to produce definitive answers and to fully understand the process of seasonality in tourism.
Quality offensive in Swiss tourism
Authors: Müller Hansruedi
Published: March 2008

Quality in tourism has many dimensions. Through quality management, efforts are being made to take account of the growing importance of individual aspects of quality. A Iprogramme with various instruments was designed for Swiss tourism with the aim of ystematically promoting and securing on‐going quality development. The programme consists of three levels: in level 1, the focus is on quality of service and in level 2 on management quality. It is not until level 3 that familiar TQM systems are adopted. This article provides a brief overview of the entire programme which covers all aspects of a tourism service package, ranging from tourism information through the hotel trade mountain cableways.
How to use a “tourism consistency plan” for repositioning purposes?
Authors: Poljanec‐Boric Sasa
Published: March 2008

This article describes a way in which a notion of “tourism quality plan” was: understood, accepted and implemented in a specific transitional environment. Assuming that societies with European Union agenda as well as those with PHARE supported democracies, represent a favourable context for implementing a “tourism quality plan” a specific, Croatian, case is shown where PHARE was not yet granted. The logics of national “repostitioning” process is explained and a meaning of “tourism product consistency plan” is elaborated.
The possibilities of CVP in the hotel and catering industry
Authors: Benardska Marlena
Published: March 2008

The article presents the “cost‐volume profit analysis (CVP)” for the hotel industry.
Utilization of new technologies by the Croatian tourist organization system
Authors: Vrdoljak‐Salamon Blazenka
Published: March 2008

The article shows the level of development in the field of information technologies and new medias in the tourism organisation of a country in transition.
The possibilities and limitations of destination marketing — Findings of the 1998 AIEST Congress
Authors: Keller Peter
Published: March 2008

During the 48th AIEST Congress in Marrakech (Morocco) our organisation made an extensive study of destination marketing, its possibilities and its limitations. The many members who attended were unanimous in the opinion that complementary and cooperative marketing need considerable development and stimulation at the destination level. As a result of global competition tourism organisations no longer find it possible to confine their activities to core tasks in market communication and public relations. In the context of positioning and branding policy they must increasingly make use of all the instruments of the marketing mix. Given the expectations of today's customers and the latest developments in the area of information technology it is no longer possible to separate activities in such fields as promotion, information, distribution and sales, if one wishes to remain effective. New concepts and organisational developments are therefore required that will make it possible to carry out destination marketing in a consistent manner. In this context, the marketing of destination‐like products such as leisure parks and resort corporations (consolidates) offers a rare opportunity for benchmarking. At the AIEST Congress we took note of the fact that, in cases where the supply is fragmented, there is no real alternative to vertical cooperation at the destination level. We discussed ways in which to bypass obstacles to cooperation. Government incentives play a major role in this context. Indeed without government support it will be just as difficult in the future as at present to carry out any kind of destination marketing.
Destination marketing — überlegungen zur abgrenzung, positionierung und profilierung von destinationen
Authors: Haedrich Günther
Published: March 2008

Destination Marketing was the main theme of the 40th AIEST CONGRESS in Marrakech. The various contributions and discussions to this Congress inspired the author to attempt to define destinations, products and/ or groups of products, as well as strategic business fields more precisely, and against this background to discuss the opportunities and risks involve in positioning destinations and giving them a clear profile.
Starken starken ‐mit neuen destinationsähnlichen produktelementen
Authors: Godau Armin
Published: March 2008

The author presents in his report new developments in destination‐like tourism products such as scientific parcs or packages of transportation enterprises.
Restoring abandoned estates through tourism: Visitor friendly test as a tool
Authors: Mihalic Tanja
Published: March 2008

This is a report on a research project on the development of a model for tourist development of abandoned rural settlements and estates. In the project we used the Visitor Friendly Test, known as Kotler's test, taking into consideration basic questions for testing place friendliness suggested by Philip Kotier, Donald Haider and Irving Rein (1993). The Kotier — Haider — Rein test attracted our attention because of a great interest in it among the tourism experts. As the test had never been carried out before, we developed it in such a way that it could be used in practice. The pilot project was carried out on an example of a (lesser developed) tourist community Tr□iè. Test evaluation was made on the basis of experiences gained through development and implementation of the test. This article explains the developmental process of the test, weights, problems and some results. The basic aim of the pilot project was to evaluate the test potential for further use in testing visitor friendliness of places and its usefulness in the tourism development model for abandoned estates where the possibility of measuring the actual customer expectations and perceptions do not yet exist.
Agenda 2010: SMEs in European tourism: The context and a proposed framework for European action
Authors: Middleton Victor
Published: March 2008

The characteristics of millions of SMEs, the way they operate, the growing employment they sustain, their collective influence over the quality of tourism products and destinations, and how to influence their development is arguably the most important issue for European tourism as we approach the millennium. This paper is based on a three‐day conference, Agenda 2010, convened by the Wales Tourist Board (WTB) and held at Llandudno in May 1998 during the UK Presidency of the EU. The meeting, supported by DGXXIII and the Welsh Office, was designed to highlight the contribution of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) to European tourism and make recommendations for facilitating and supporting their activities in the future. SMEs are defined by the EC as businesses employing less than 250 employees although the great majority in tourism employ less than 10. Most readers will know that DGXXIII has separate responsibilities within the EC for SMEs and for tourism.
Le yield management vers une reponse au mythe de la rentabilite optimale? — le cas du transport aerien
Authors: Saissi Olivier P.
Published: March 2008

The increasing entropy of competitive markets forces companies to maximise profitability to the optimum level their resources will permit. Since services cannot be stored, they have to be prepared and distributed more or less at the same time. Yield management, an information technology tool, seems to provide at least a partial solution to the questions that assail managers. Complementary to marketing policy, yield management is an effective way of modulating one of the variables of the marketing mix — price.
Un cadre d'analyse des relations sociales et des caracteristiques de la rencontre touristes — autochtones: le cas de la Grece
Authors: Tsartas Paris
Published: March 2008

This article attempts to analyse social relations between tourists and the inhabitants of tourism regions in Greece, from 1960 to the present. The introduction describes the special characteristics of the regions concerned by the analysis, and the parameters of greatest importance to the analysis framework. The analysis itself discusses two periods in detail. The first period (1960–80) covers what is historically considered Greece's first stage of tourism development. The second (1980–98) discusses the basis for the subsequent transition to industrialised mass tourism. In its conclusions the article sums up the main characteristics and peculiarities of communication between tourists and the local population in a country as dependent on tourism as Greece.
La politique internationale du tourisme au tournant du millenaire
Authors: Keller Peter
Published: March 2008

International integration in tourrism is increasing at a steady pace. This has meant a corresponding growth in the number of problems facing the community of nations. At the dawn of a new millennium the intergovernmental tourism policy agenda now includes such thorny questions as the dismantling of barriers to travel, finding ways to ensure the safety and security of tourists, and the promotion of sustainable development in areas devoted to tourism. What the intergovernmental tourism network really needs, to allow it to rationally plan and implement international ground rules and promotional programmes is a greater degree of institutionalised co‐operation at the operational level of tourism. This in turn would lead to more efficient integration of the world economy, to the benefit of both prosperity and world peace.
Internationalisierung der hotellerie — unternehmerische barrieren; hemmnisse und chancen von klein‐ und mittelbetrieben
Authors: Peters Mike , Weiermair Klaus
Published: March 2008

The article deals with factors that act as an incentive to internationalisation of the hotels in the small‐to‐medium‐sized enterprises (SME) category in the traditional tourism countries, and also discusses the obstacles to internationalisation. The “OLI” approach according to Dunning (ownership advantages, location‐specific advantages, advantages of internalisation) is tested against the results of a survey of hotelkeepers in the Alpine countries, particularly Austria. It is not just the size of the enterprise that acts as a limit on the extent of internationalisation of SMEs. Other factors that determine the attitude taken towards internationalisation include market intelligence, financing problems, the degree of entrepreneurial spirit, and the specific nature of tourism services.
Call‐center — lösungen im incoming tourismus: konzept, stand der umsetzung, erfolgsfaktoren
Authors: Bieger Thomas , Dreier P. , Von Rohr Th.
Published: March 2008

The importance of comprehensive direct information and service in the services sector has increased con‐siderably in the past few years. Thanks not least to rapid developments in technology it is now possible to combine hardware and software in such a way as to develop application‐ and customer‐ specific products.
Enhancing competitiveness in the hospitality industry: Revisiting Porter's generic competitive strategies in Greece
Authors: Christou Evangelos , Karamanidis Ioannis
Published: March 2008

This paper attempts to examine the choices and practices concerning the formulation of marketing strategies of hospitality organisations in Greece, a traditional tourism destination. The introduction includes a bibliographical review of marketing strategies in general and of the theory of generic competitive strategies that was developed by Michael Porter in particular. A brief reference to the development of the hospitality and tourism industry in Greece is presented and the research methodology that was followed is described. The survey findings are presented in tabulation form and a discussion follows.
Higher education in tourism: An entrepreneurial approach
Authors: Ogorelc Anton
Published: March 2008

The intention of the article is to demonstrate the importance of entrepreneurial orientation within a higher education in tourism. A study of students' assessment of the tourism course at the Faculty of Economics and Business in Maribor will be discussed 1) to highlight the entrepreneurial orientation of the course, and 2) to gain some information on the introduction of entrepreneurial and managerial skills into the new curriculum. In particular the paper may help to identify some directions for further development in this challenging education field in order to provide necessary skills in the small business within the Slovene tourism industry.
Introduction of the Euro: Implications for Swiss tourism?
Authors: Bieger Thomas , Laesser Christian
Published: March 2008

With the introduction of the EUR, a new time of European economy and tourism has begun.
The organised travel market in Belgium
Authors: De Keyser Rik
Published: March 2008

The travel industry in Belgium has gone through a number of notable changes in recent decades. One of the most important trends is the growth of the organised travel market in Belgium. Belgian holidaymakers are turning increasingly to travel intermediaries in general and to travel agents and tour operators in particular. The successive surveys of Belgian travel behaviour carried out by WES since the early eighties illustrate the increase in the number of long holidays booked through a tour operator. These rose from 900,000 in 1985 to 2,300,000 in 1996 and around 2,700,000 today.
Competitiveness of Croatian hotel sector
Authors: Dragicevic Miroslav , Cizmar Sanja , Seric Mario
Published: March 2008

The paper is a research summary of the comparative study, based at the results of the ‘Horwath Hotel Industry Survey’. The study positions the Croatian hotel sector with regard to the hotel industries of competitive countries. The results of the market performance analysis and operative effectiveness show the Croatian hotel sector to be inferior to the respective hotel industries of the analysed countries judging by all the key indicators. Without an activity taking place simultaneously on the national, destination and corporate levels, it will not be possible to achieve any significant market breakthrough or positive shifts in the efficiency of the Croatian hotel industry with regard to its competitors.
Weather and holiday destination preferences image, attitude and experience
Authors: Lohmann Martin , Kaim Eike
Published: March 2008

Five factors are a prerequisite for tourism: Ability to travel and motivation to travel on the demand side, and attractiveness, amenities and accessibility on the side of the destination. Concerning the attractiveness of a destination, the factor weather is of particular importance. Until now, there is a lack of empirical data, showing if and how weather affects holiday destination preferences.
Verkehrsmanagement in ferienorten
Authors: Müller Hansruedi
Published: March 2008

Although tourism is based on growing mobility, traffic currently represents the biggest problem for many tourist resorts. The high volume of traffic in holiday resorts is steadily undermining their attractiveness for tourists. People are becoming increasingly aware of this issue, and various efforts are being made to get local traffic problems under control. The technical aspects are widely known, but the measures taken and the implementation procedures used lack consistency and the success achieved varies considerably. This research project has focused on concrete implementation processes for traffic measures and their impact on the environment. In particular, questions about the acceptance of measures and how these relate to the implementation process have been of great interest.
Destination marketing planning in Croatia: Problems and perspectives
Authors: Weber Sanda
Published: March 2008

County strategic tourism marketing plans have appeared as a relatively new instrument in the conceptualisation of the development of tourism destinations in Croatia. This paper illustrate methodology issues and problems that emerged from drawing up the plans (internal and external). The methodology elaborated upon is based on several basic footholds: multidisciplinary approach, state‐of‐the‐art in destination marketing, applicability, simplicity and straightforwardness, bottom‐up approach and unique methodological framework (taking specifics into account). The current experiences of the Institute for Tourism (Zagreb) point out the importance of the continuous monitoring of the SMPs implementation in practice and further methodology improvements.
Future‐oriented tourism policy — Synthesis of the 49th AIEST Congress
Authors: Keller Peter
Published: March 2008

Unavoidable politicisation of tourism Conservatives usually regret the fact that more and more areas of our daily lives are subject to political interference. It would be easy to share their concern in the field of tourism, which is one of the few remaining activities in modern society in which individual freedom can still be exercised.
Une politique du tourisme tournee vers l'avenir — synthese du 49e congres de l'AIEST
Authors: Keller Peter
Published: March 2008

Mettre en place une politique du tourisme: un impératif Certains esprits conservateurs déplorent l'élargissement du champ des politiques publiques, qui couvrent de plus en plus de domaines de notre vie. Ce regret pourrait particulièrement s'appliquer au tourisme, qui passe pour être, dans notre société, l'un des derniers terrains où l'individu peut vivre et expérimenter sa liberté.
Strategic importance of tourism as a part of an integrated development strategy of countries and places
Authors: Daoudi Abderrahim , Mihalič Tanja
Published: March 2008

The first thematic workshop on «Strategic Importance of Tourism as a Part of an Integrated Development Strategy of Countries and Places» showed that strategic importance of tourism varies according to its economic weight and political actuality. In many countries the economic importance of tourism is relatively low and tourism goals are not high on the political agenda. Nevertheless, even in such countries, tourism can be important economic activity for some less developed places (regions).
Tourismuspolitik und faktoren erfolgreicher implementierung
Authors: Müller Hans‐Ruedi , Fontanari Martin L.
Published: March 2008

Zusammenfassung Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse des “Workshop 2” verdeutlichen, daß intensiv nach einem gemeinsamen Verständnis zur strategischen Tourismuspolitik in Abgrenzung der Felder Tourismuspolitik (policy) und — Strategie gesucht und dieses Verständnis in den genannten Modellen festgehalten wurde. Trotzdem haben gerade die Fallbeispiele gezeigt, daß jede spezifische Situation verschieden handzuhaben ist und deshalb auch unterschiedliche methodische Ansätze zur Analyse der Fallstudie herangezogen worden sind. Auch konnte die Begriffsverwendung von Tourismus‐politik und Strategie nicht immer eindeutig zugeordnet werden. Ein allgemein gltiges Rahmenmodell — wie in Kapitel 3 und vier aufgezeigt — ist deshalb nur erschwert im Detail darstellbar. Zur Notwendigkeit einer strategischen Tourismuspolitik ist insgesamt eine große Übereinstimmung festzuhalten.
Instrument of tourism policy
Authors: Maschke Joachim , Mundt Jörn W.
Published: March 2008

Following a presentation by Dr Harald Pechlaner of the University of Innsbruck (Austria) about “Public Policies for Cultural Heritage within the Destination”, the participants of the workshop discussed general problems of facilitating economically viable tourism products within a destination. The situation of private owned castles in South Tyrol was giving a good example of the problems involved. Even though the castles — due to their owners' orientation towards their family traditions and not towards a marketing perspective — are facing some special problems, by and large they have to tackle the same issues as other small and medium‐sized enterprises (SME) in the tourism sector.
Some remarks on consumer behavior, destinations and development of places
Authors: Dantine Wilhelm
Published: March 2008

Changing of destination is primarily changing 1 country or region. Changing of places can also be within a destination.
Slovenian tourism and tourism policy: A case study
Authors: Sirse Janez , Mihalic Tanja
Published: March 2008

The authors of this case study show the importance of tourism for Slovenia, the host country of the 49th Congress of AIEST which took place from 28th August to 2nd September 1999 in Porto Roz.
Ten conclusions and suggestions for the development of Slovenian tourism
Authors: Vanhove Norbert
Published: March 2008

The development should be oriented to a limited number of products. To improve the global competitive position of the Slovenian tourism, priority should be given to a limited number of products. The conclusions of the study “Slovenia Tourplan 2.000 and Tourist Operational Marketing Plan for Slovenia” by Econstat & THR give the right direction. We suggest to work on the five proposed clusters:
The impact of the Asian economic crisis on tourism in Singapore
Authors: Cave Peter
Published: March 2008

In the mid 1990's the East Asia/ Pacific region was looking forward to an unprecedented period of tourism growth. Tourism is subject like any other industry to external economic forces and the successful implementation of tourism strategy is dependent on a continuing favourable economic climate. Signs of the economic timebomb in the Asia Pacific region had been evident, but largely ignored. The impact of the economic crisis has meant that at least in the short to medium term optimistic tourism projections have been put on hold. This paper looks at the background to the Asian financial crisis and the impact that it has had on tourism strategy in Singapore. It highlights both the problems and opportunities which have arisen as a result.
Gesundheitspolitik — Gesundheitstourismus
Authors: Ender Walter
Published: March 2008

The author critizizes the health policy in the highly developed countries which support a sector controlled by hospitals, pharmaceutics industry and health insurrance companies.
Tourism's economic impacts: The Mexico tourism satellite account
Authors: Huesear Augusto , Molina Sergio
Published: March 2008

The authors give a short overview on the concept of satellite account for tourism as integrated part of national accounts. They show the strategic importance of the tourism consumption for Mexico's national economy. The first results indicate the importance of tourism for the economy of this big country of Central America.
The lonely continent
Authors: Gonzaga Godoi Trigo Luiz
Published: March 2008

The international tourism options have been enriched due to several factors: new transport technology, more flexible legislation, the globalization process, and political openness regarding some areas dominated by dictatorship regimes. Antarctica is one of the new possibilities for adventure and ecological travel. It is the wildest, most well‐preserved and most isolated continent on the planet. About 10,000 tourists can appreciate its dazzling landscapes each austral summer and tourism operations have increased considerably in the region during the 1990s. This article presents a history of travel to Antarctica, an analysis of the tour operators and of the Antarctic Treaty on tourism, and reports an experience on board one of the cruise ships in the Antarctica Peninsula.
Strategic partnership development in small and medium sized tourism enterprises
Authors: Williams Peter W.
Published: March 2008

Increasingly there has been a blurring of the boundaries between competition and cooperation in many sectors of the global economy. This trend has not escaped the tourism industry. Indeed, numerous examples exist where major players in the transportation, accomodation, and telecommunications sectors have joined forces.
La dereglementation des marches — enjeux et perspectives le cas du transport aerien europeen
Authors: Saïssi Olivier
Published: March 2008

The european market deregulation involves administrative barriers disparition. According american neo‐classic theory, all firm will be able to act in an economic sector under the condition of rentability. Thus the european air transport sector is concerned by such evolution. All air freedom issued from the convention of Chicago are abolished. Any firm can get an air transport licence under the condition of satisfying security and financial rules. Three strategic ways could be choseen by this new actors: Confrontation, Cooperation and the concentration on unexploited commercial services.
Neue ansätze zur positionierung im deutschen kur — und bäderwesen
Authors: Fischer Ines
Published: March 2008

The author presents the situation in the field of health tourism in the German tourism market. She analyses the new trends for emotional products. Stagnation in this market segment needs a redesign of the offer and a change of the image, particulary for the cure tourism. Solutions for re‐positioning are presented.
Märkte wagen — chancen unternehmerisch ergreifen
Authors: Godau Armin , Koch Matthias
Published: March 2008

Tourism is not very much integrated in the public sector. Strategic Alliances between tourism and transportation could change this situation under conditions of ongoing liberalisation in the EU.
Managing the balance of power: UK tour operators and destinations
Authors: Klemm Mary , Parkinson Lynn
Published: March 2008

The competitive strategies of international tour operators have had a negative effect on the sustainability of some tourist destinations. British tour operator strategies are analysed as an example to show the effects of vertical integration amongst tour operators, travel retailers and airlines and how this influences pricing and contracting methods in resorts. Also considered are developments in market segmentation and tour operator branding which have accelerated the trend towards standardised holiday products. The consolidation of ownership amongst European tour operators in likely to increase the power of companies vis‐à‐vis destinations. The study concludes by outlining policies to counteract the negative effects of tour operator strategies and suggests ways of developing a more balanced partnership between mass market tour operators and tourist destinations.
Croatia and cultural tourism: A social and economic imperative
Authors: Fox John , Fox Renata
Published: March 2008

This paper discusses the emergence and importance of cultural tourism in Croatia in relation to the country's transition and tourism. A model within which Croatia's cultural tourism can be developed is presented.
Gastronomy and tourism: Must every tourist wish be our command?
Authors: Moulin Claude
Published: March 2008

This paper's main theme is that gastronomy as a general matter is an under‐rated, under‐represented, and under‐valued component on the tourism menu. The suggestion will be that in the context of a general trend towards homogenization of tastes, the necessary definition, education and presentation for the many component cultural styles and approaches which go to make up the discipline of gastronomy are not sufficient to earn the tourist's appreciation and understanding. The dilemma will be addressed of whether tourists, though now accustomed to and mostly liking global fast‐food, might for their part in the overall cultural definition of their chosen venue, wish in the future, and welcome encouragement in the endeavour, to try a closer and more deep encounter with the food and culinary customs of the place which they decide to visit.
Beeinflussbarkeit des mobilitätsverhalten beim wintersport
Authors: Trösch Marc , Messerli Paul
Published: March 2008

The present study on mobility behaviour in winter sports is based on the premise that this segment of the transport market is distinguished by particularly high costs for influencing or changing behaviour. Indeed both theoretical and empirical research show transport as a whole to be one area of human behaviour in which costs are particularly high. In such a context efforts to promote more environment‐friendly behaviour are inevitably limited by high conversion costs, of a subjective nature.