bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Worthy? Crowdfunding the Canadian Health Care and Education Sectors
Authors: Lukk Martin , Schneiderhan Erik , Soares Joanne
Published: July 2018

Crowdfunding, the practice of asking for money from others using the Internet, is a major private means through which Canadians are funding their health care and education. Crowdfunding has proliferated in Canada during the 2010s and continues to grow, approaching the revenues of Canada's major traditional charities. Proponents describe it as an empowering practice from which anyone can benefit. If its gains are inequitably distributed, however, increasing reliance on this private funding mechanism, especially in core areas of welfare state provision, can further exacerbate inequalities of opportunity and income. This study asks why Canadians turn to health care and education crowdfunding and how equitably funds are raised using this novel method. Based on a mixed methods analysis of 319 campaigns conducted on two prominent crowdfunding platforms between 2012 and 2014, we find that crowdfunding users’ needs frequently correspond to known gaps in the contemporary social safety net, including in the area of cancer care, and that campaigns for older and visible minority Canadians face a disadvantage. We argue that health care and education crowdfunding is a response to the shortcomings of Canadian welfare state provision, but one that reproduces offline inequalities with potentially perilous consequences for democratic life and individual suffering.
Severe rebound relapse of multiple sclerosis after switching from fingolimod to dimethyl fumarate
Authors: Asano Shiori , Takeuchi Hideyuki , Morihara Keisuke , Takahashi Keita , Tanaka Kenichi , Higashiyama Yuichi , Doi Hiroshi , Koyano Shigeru , Tanaka Fumiaki
Published: July 2018

Background

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) was the second oral disease‐modifying drug to be approved for multiple sclerosis (MS) in Japan, after fingolimod. Switching from fingolimod to DMF treatment is becoming increasingly common, because DMF has shown a better risk–benefit profile and an equivalent efficacy to fingolimod.

Case presentation

We report a 35‐year‐old woman who was positive for anti‐John Cunningham virus antibody and who developed severe rebound relapse of MS after switching from fingolimod to DMF. Five months after starting DMF treatment, she had a severe relapse attack with disseminated lesions in the cerebrum and cervical spinal cord. Furthermore, subsequent relapse attacks occurred with new lesions in the thoracic spinal cord, even during repeated steroid pulse therapies and plasma exchanges. The disease activity finally ceased after natalizumab administration.

Conclusions

Switching from fingolimod to DMF carries the risk of MS reactivation and rebound. Natalizumab treatment for a limited period might be recommended to treat MS rebound in anti‐John Cunningham virus antibody‐positive patients.
Curating the Idea of Magna Carta
Authors: Smith Matthew
Published: July 2018

On 15th June 2015 Egham, the town adjacent to historic Runnymede in the United Kingdom, celebrated the 800th anniversary of the sealing of Magna Carta. In this article the Curator of Egham Museum at the time of the anniversary reflects on the challenges of curating an exhibition exploring the significance and legacy of Magna Carta without the star attraction: a copy of the Charter itself. The article explores the challenges facing small museums in telling stories without objects, the importance of objects to the definition of a museum and its functions and offers examples of other attempts to create museum exhibitions and heritage experiences without objects. Through review and reflection on Egham Museum's Public History orientated approach to the lack of objects at its disposal: the paper discusses facilitation with communities to help celebrate their own heritage and create their own collection of objects that revealed what a valued ephemeral concept might mean to them.
Managing ethical challenges around misattributed parentage within the clinical context: Insights from an African moral theory
Authors: Ewuoso Cornelius
Published: July 2018

This study argues the thesis that a set of guidelines ‐ firmly rooted in a particular interpretation of African moral theory, specifically, Ubuntu – will do a better job than current medical ethics frameworks, in addressing ethical challenges around misattributed parentage within the clinical context.

Incidental information such as information with significant personal/health implications raises unique challenges for medical professionals. For example, withholding information of misattributed paternity accidentally discovered in clinical interactions may be seen by a patient as a violation of his/her right‐to‐know. Contrarily, disclosure where a patient has not requested information – or where establishing paternity is not the purpose of clinical visit/interaction – may be taken by the patient as a violation of his/her right ‘not‐to‐know’. Resolving these challenges remain a herculean task.

African moral theory contains an under‐emphasized value for addressing such ethical challenges around misattributed parentage in the field of transplant. I seek to contribute this knowledge; and enhance clinician‐patient relationship.

This study builds off three completed systematic reviews, which aimed to answer the following questions: “what are the ethical challenges regarding information health professionals face within the clinical contest?” and “what core aspects (or common themes) of Ubuntu can be identified in existing literature describing the same?” In this present study, I applied the definition of Ubuntu which captures the core aspects of the theory in ethical literature on the same, to address ethical issues around unsought information of misattributed parentage in the field of transplant.
Interpretation of HbA1c in primary care and potential influence of anaemia and chronic kidney disease: an analysis from the Copenhagen Primary Care Laboratory (CopLab) Database
Authors: Borg R. , Persson F. , Siersma V. , Lind B. , de Fine Olivarius N. , Andersen C. L.
Published: July 2018

Aims

To investigate, in a large population in primary care, the relationship between fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c measurements, as well as the clinical implications of anaemia or chronic kidney disease for the interpretation of HbA1c values.

Methods

From a primary care resource, we examined HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose as well as haemoglobin and estimated GFR. We stratified observations by chronic kidney disease stage and anaemia level. The estimation of the mean fasting plasma glucose level from HbA1c alone, and from HbA1c, haemoglobin and estimated GFR, respectively, was evaluated.

Results

In 198 346 individuals, the fasting plasma glucose–HbA1c relationship mimicked the regression described in the A1c‐Derived Average Glucose (ADAG) study, which was based on average capillary and interstitial glucose. The fasting plasma glucose–HbA1c relationship was unaffected in mild to moderate chronic kidney disease and in mild to moderate anaemia. The correlation changed only in severe hyperglycaemia and concurrent severe anaemia or when estimated GFR was <45 ml/min/1.73m², so that glucose concentration was underestimated by HbA1c in anaemia and overestimated in chronic kidney disease. The prevalence of estimated GFR <30 ml/min/1.73m² was 0.82%, while the prevalence of haemoglobin <81 g/l (5.0 mmol/l) was 0.11%.

Conclusions

The relationship between fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c mimics that of the people with diabetes included in the ADAG study. Mild to moderate anaemia and CKD do not have a significant impact on the interpretation of HbA1c as a marker of retrograde glycaemia. Hence, it seems justified to use HbA1c without adjustment in primary care.
The evolution of post‐communist systems
Authors: Roland Gerard
Published: July 2018

I propose in this article a new interpretation of the evolution of post‐communist systems by comparing the evolutions in Central and Eastern Europe and in China. Transition is reinterpreted as the result of a collapse of communist state structures in Central and Eastern Europe and, in China, in contrast, as the result of the will to prevent such an outcome. This reconceptualization helps us to better understand the emergence of bad institutions and corruption in Eastern Europe under the market economy as well as the absence of political liberalization in China and the strengthening of the power of the Communist Party in recent years.
Advantages of social foraging in crab spiders: Groups capture more and larger prey despite the absence of a web
Authors: Dumke Marlis , Herberstein Marie E. , Schneider Jutta M.
Published: July 2018

Among group‐living spiders, subsocial representatives in the family of crab spiders (Thomisidae) are a special case, as they build protective communal leaf nests instead of extensive communal capture webs. It could thus be inferred that antipredator benefits (e.g., enhanced protection in larger nests) rather than foraging‐related advantages (e.g., capture of more and larger prey) promote sociality in this family. Nonetheless, subsocial crab spiders do share prey, and if this behaviour does not reflect mere food scramble but has a cooperative character, crab spiders may offer insights into the evolution of social foraging applicable to many other cooperative predators that hunt without traps. Here, we performed a comparative laboratory feeding experiment on three of the four subsocial crab spider species—Australomisidia ergandros,Australomisidia socialisandXysticus bimaculatus—to determine if crab spiders derive advantages from foraging in groups. In particular, we tested artificially composed groups of five sibling spiderlings vs. single siblings in terms of prey capture success and prey size preference. Across species, groups had higher prey capture success (measured in terms of capture rates and capture latency) and were more likely to attack large, sharable prey—dynamics leading to reduced food competition among group members in favour of living and foraging in groups. Within groups, we further compared prey extraction efficiency among the three applied social foraging tactics: producing, scrounging and feeding alone. InA. ergandros, individuals were exceptionally efficient when using the non‐cooperative scrounger tactic, which entails feeding on the prey provided by others. Thus, our multispecies comparison confirms foraging advantages in maintaining a cooperative lifestyle for crab spiders, but also demonstrates the relevance of research into exploitation of cooperative foraging in this family.
Perspectives of cancer treatment providers regarding voluntary assisted dying in Victoria
Authors: Yoong Jaclyn , Franco Michael , William Leeroy , Poon Peter
Published: July 2018

A survey of cancer treatment providers at our institution exploring their perspectives regarding voluntary assisted dying in Victoria and the imminent legislation showed that while almost all were aware of the Bill (92%), reported knowledge and understanding of it was much less (38%). As many clinicians supported the Bill as opposed it (28%); 44% were uncertain of their stance. Most were unwilling to directly provide voluntary assisted dying; if they did, would refer to palliative care services for ongoing support.
Making sense of newer treatment options for type 2 diabetes
Authors: Lee Phong Ching , Hare Matthew J. L. , Bach Leon A.
Published: July 2018

Over the past decade, several new medications have been developed to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. Large‐scale outcome trials have been performed with patients at high cardiovascular risk to assess the cardiovascular safety of these agents. These trials are changing the landscape of diabetes therapy with evidence beyond safety to cardiovascular benefits of sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT‐2) inhibitors and some glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists. This review provides an overview of incretin‐based therapies and SGLT‐2 inhibitors with a particular focus on the results of published cardiovascular outcome trials, which have also provided unique opportunities to evaluate uncommon but potentially serious adverse events of these newer agents. The cardiovascular benefits of SGLT‐2 inhibitors and some glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists suggest that they may be the preferred choice, usually as an add‐on to metformin, for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at high cardiovascular risk.
Medical Oncology Group of Australia position statement and membership survey on voluntary assisted dying
Authors: Karapetis Christos S. , Stein Brian , Koczwara Bogda , Harrup Rosemary , Milleshkin Linda , Parente Phil , Millward Michael , Haines Ian , Blinman Prunella , Olver Ian
Published: July 2018

The controversial topic of voluntary assisted dying (VAD) is receiving significant attention at state government levels and in the community. Acknowledging potential legalisation of VAD, the Medical Oncology Group of Australia (MOGA) undertook a survey of members to inform the development of a position statement on the subject. All MOGA members were invited to complete an anonymous online survey. The survey comprised 12 closed‐response categorical questions. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the survey data. Majority views expressed in the survey would form the basis of a MOGA position statement on VAD. A total of 362 members completed the questionnaire, representing 55% of the membership; 47% of respondents disagreed with VAD; 36% agreed with VAD and the remaining members (17%) were ‘neutral’. A clear majority position was not established. Only 14% agreed that physicians involved in VAD should be required personally to administer the lethal medication; 94% supported conscientious objection of physicians to the VAD process; 95% agreed that a palliative care physician consultation should be required and 86% agreed with the need for the involvement of specialist psychiatry medical services before a patient can be deemed as suitable for VAD. The MOGA membership expressed a range of views on the topic of VAD. A clear majority‐held view to support a MOGA position that either supports or opposes VAD was not established. The position statement that flows from the survey encourages informed debate on this topic and brings into focus important considerations.
Biosimilars are coming: ready or not
Authors: Zalcberg John
Published: July 2018

Biosimilars have had a sizeable impact on the availability and use of biologic medicines in Australia, particularly those prescribed for supportive care in oncology or to treat inflammatory diseases. Biosimilars of oncology drugs that modify disease processes are likely to be the next ‘wave’ of biosimilars to receive regulatory approval, both internationally and in Australia. Given their more tailored development pathway relative to reference biologics, biosimilar versions of these drugs have the potential to reduce substantially the burden on the healthcare system and increase patient access to treatment. However, there is some uncertainty regarding the regulatory approval pathway and expected clinical characteristics of biosimilars among Australian physicians. This review outlines the concept of biosimilarity and details the regulatory pathway leading to the approval of biosimilars. It also highlights the potential benefits to patients and the healthcare system, as well as opportunities stemming from the use of biosimilars in Australia. The Australian regulatory framework and rationale underlying the extrapolation of indications for a biosimilar to others held by the originator biologic, in the absence of a comparative clinical study, is also described. In addition to the benefits biosimilars may bring, Australia’s established cooperative clinical trial group programmes afford an opportunity for further innovation by providing a mechanism to expand the use of certain biosimilars to new disease indications.
The Nuclear RNA‐binding Protein RBSR1 Interactome in Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Wippel Helisa H. , Malgarin Juliane S. , Martins Sharon de Toledo , Vidal Newton M. , Marcon Bruna H. , Miot Hálisson T. , Marchini Fabricio K. , Goldenberg Samuel , Alves Lysangela R.
Published: July 2018

Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, has been widely studied, reflecting both its medical importance and the particular features that make this pathogen an attractive model for basic biological studies. The repression of transcripts by messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) complexes is an important pathway of post‐transcriptional regulation in eukaryotes, including T. cruzi. RBSR1 is a serine‐arginine (SR)‐rich RNA‐binding protein (RBP) in T. cruzi that contains one RNA‐recognition motif (RRM); this protein has a primarily nuclear localization and is developmentally regulated, not being detected in metacyclic trypomastigotes. RBSR1 interacts with other RBPs, such as UBP1 and UBP2, and the nuclear SR‐protein TRRM1. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that RBSR1 is orthologous to the human splicing factor SRSF7, what might indicate its possible involvement in pre‐RNA processing. Accordingly, ribonomics data showed the enrichment of snoRNAs and snRNAs in the RBSR1 immunoprecipiatation complex, hence reinforcing the supposition that this protein might be involved in RNA processing in the nucleus.
Caelorinchus abditilux Merrett, 1980, a junior synonym of Caelorinchus caudani (Koehler, 1896) (Teleostei: Macrouridae)
Authors: BAILLY N.
Published: July 2018

Comparisons between the holotype of Macrurus caudani Koehler, 1896 and the type series of Caelorinchus abditilux Merrett, 1980, show that the latter is a junior synonym of the former. Caelorinchus caudani (Koehler, 1896) is the correct scientific name for this valid species.
An Open for Replication Study: The Role of Feedback Timing in Synchronous Computer‐Mediated Communication
Authors: Arroyo Diana C. , Yilmaz Yucel
Published: July 2018

This study investigated the role of corrective feedback timing in the acquisition of Spanish noun–adjective gender agreement. Forty‐five learners completed a communicative task via synchronous computer‐mediated communication (SCMC) in one of three groups (immediate, delayed, control). The immediate‐feedback group received error reformulations immediately after their errors. The delayed‐feedback group did not receive feedback; however, at the end of the task, they were provided with an electronic document showing the errors they had made during the task with error reformulations. The control group performed the task without receiving feedback. The immediate‐feedback group outperformed the delayed‐feedback group in an oral production test, but there were no differences between the two feedback groups in a grammaticality judgment test. All study materials and data are made publicly available to encourage future replications.

Open Practices

This article has been awarded Open Materials and Open Data badges. All materials and data are publicly accessible via the Open Science Framework at https://osf.io/57zkv, the IRIS Repository at https://www.iris-database.org, and Supporting Information accompanying this article. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science: https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki.
Adenosine diphosphate regulates MMP2 and MMP9 activity in malignant mesothelioma cells
Authors: Muscella Antonella , Cossa Luca Giulio , Vetrugno Carla , Antonaci Giovanna , Marsigliante Santo
Published: July 2018

Although an association between cancer progression and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and MPP9 expression has been known, the expression, nuclear localization, and physiologically controlled activation of these two MMPs have not been investigated in malignant mesothelioma cells. We examined the expression and intracellular localization of MMP2/9 in ZL55 malignant mesothelioma cells, as well as their regulation by ADP. Using real‐time PCR, we showed that activation of the P2Y1 receptor by ADP increased the expression of MMP2/9 mRNAs; MMP2/9 collected from conditioned media also showed an increase in activity; and ADP induced the nuclear localization of MMP2/9. The effects of ADP on transcription of the MMPs were due to activation of c‐Src, Akt, and NF‐κB, while ERK1/2 phosphorylation was needed for the increase in enzymatic activity and the regulation of nuclear import. We also showed that the nuclear localization of MMP2/9 induced by ADP causes the cleavage and inactivation of poly‐ADP‐ribose polymerase‐1. These findings may help to elucidate the mechanisms regulating MMP2/9 activation in ZL55 human epithelioid mesothelioma cells, and perhaps other cells. Therapeutic approaches that promote ADP accumulation in a tumor environment may constitute an effective means to induce anticancer activity.
Body dysmorphic disorder in pediatric dermatology
Authors: Dennin Margaret H. , Lee Margaret S.
Published: July 2018

Body dysmorphic disorder is an obsessive‐compulsive spectrum disorder involving a perceived defect in physical appearance that most commonly develops in early adolescence and causes significant functional impairment and suicidality at much higher rates than in affected adults. Patients may also present with subthreshold body dysmorphic disorder or obsessive concerns over a diagnosable dermatologic condition, both of which can present similarly to body dysmorphic disorder. Pediatric dermatologists can play an important role in detecting body dysmorphic disorder and body dysmorphic disorder‐like symptoms, which may occur in as many as 20% of dermatology patients. Greater awareness of the prevalence, clinical presentation, and effect of these symptoms, as well as better screening tools and greater collaboration with our mental health colleagues, may lead to earlier, more effective intervention.
The Solvatofluorochromism of 2,4,6‐Triarylpyrimidine Derivatives
Authors: Rodríguez‐Aguilar José , Vidal Matías , Pastenes Camila , Aliaga Carolina , Rezende Marcos Caroli , Domínguez Moisés
Published: July 2018

Seven new 2,4,6‐triarylpyrimidines were synthesized and their solvatofluorochromism investigated in 12 solvents and in an aqueous micellar solution of reduced Triton X‐100. A multiparametric analysis of their emission band showed that the solvent dipolarity and basicity were mainly responsible for their solvatofluorochromism, which arose from an internal charge‐transfer from a donor fragment to the pyrimidine acceptor, confirmed by theoretical calculations. In the micellar system, quenching of their fluorescence by addition of derivatives of 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinoxyl (TEMPO) radical was investigated and the results were consistent with the spectral changes brought about by the micro‐heterogeneous system.
Hydrodynamic effects on oyster aquaculture systems: a review
Authors: Campbell Matthew D. , Hall Steven G.
Published: July 2018

Hydrodynamics (i.e. interactions of fluid motion with solid bodies) affect oyster aquaculture within every phase of farming. Although it has many direct and indirect implications to the success of any particular aquaculture endeavour, hydrodynamics is the least understood of environmental factors affecting oyster growth. As the industry continues to mature, it is imperative that the influence of hydrodynamics on oyster aquaculture is thoroughly understood. Hydrodynamics also interacts with other environmental factors, such as salinity, temperature, turbidity, food supply and oxygen, which affect the health and growth of oysters through mixing and transport. Proper siting and management of aquaculture requires a comprehensive understanding of the hydrodynamics involved and its impact on the culture of oysters. Unfortunately, literature is inconsistent on oyster feeding and growth response to the influence of hydrodynamics. Feeding and growth limiting velocities are reported that range from 1 to above 22 cm s−1. This is in contrast with thriving oyster reefs in a natural setting that exist and thrive above 15 cm s−1. Upweller systems have reported bulk velocities that range from 0.5 to 7.1 cm s−1. In practice, higher current velocities are desirable because they increase delivery of food to the oysters, improve water quality, and enhance dispersal of biodeposits. This paper summarizes the findings of those studies in regard to hydrodynamics and provides suggestions for future work.
Intracellular calcium chelating agent (BAPTA‐AM) aids stallion semen cooling and freezing–thawing
Authors: Wu Shuaishuai , Canisso Igor F. , Yang Weigang , Ul Haq Ihteshamu , Liu Qiang , Han Ying , Zeng Shenming
Published: July 2018

This study aimed to investigate the effects of different concentrations of 1,2‐bis‐(o‐aminophenoxy)‐ethane‐N,N,N0 N0‐tetraacetic acid, tetra‐acetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA‐AM), an intracellular calcium chelating agent, on stallion semen cooling and freezing–thawing. After collection, semen was extended (1:1 v/v) on a skim milk‐based extender, centrifuged and resuspended at 400 million/ml into cooling or freezing extenders containing 0, 5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 μΜ BAPTA‐AM. Motility parameters were assessed after cooling in Equitainer at 5°C for 12, 24, 48, 72 and 120 hr and after freezing–thawing. In addition, mitochondrial membrane potential, intracellular ATP, reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde concentrations were measured in cryopreserved‐thawed semen. Cooled stored (48 hr) semen containing 50 μΜ BAPTA‐AM and control extender (0 μΜ BAPTA‐AM) was used to assess fertility. Inclusion of 50 μΜ BAPTA‐AM resulted in superior sperm motility parameters during cooled storage when compared to other groups (p < 0.05). Furthermore, semen cryopreserved in extender containing 50 μΜ BAPTA‐AM showed increased intracellular ATP and mitochondrial membrane potential, whereas reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde were increased after thawing for all groups (p < 0.05). Addition of 50 μΜ BAPTA‐AM to cooling extender resulted in similar pregnancy rates to the control group (75% vs. 73.6%, respectively;p > 0.05). In conclusion, the addition of BAPTA‐AM to semen extenders aided stallion semen cryopreservation in a dose‐dependent manner. Furthermore, the cooling extender supplemented with 50 μΜ BAPTA‐AM could be used to prolong the sperm motility during cooling without apparently compromising fertility. Field trials should be conducted to assess fertility of cryopreserved stallion semen with BAPTA‐AM.
Regulating lobbying activities in the European Union: A voluntary club perspective
Authors: Năstase Andreea , Muurmans Claire
Published: July 2018

This article offers a systematic exploration of why interest groups sign up to the European Union Transparency Register, a non‐binding lobby regulation system. We distinguish between instrumental and normative perspectives to explain voluntary compliance, and find that concern for one's reputation represents the most important motivational driver. Based on this, we suggest that the Transparency Register can be understood as a “voluntary club” sponsored by European institutions. This theoretical perspective captures the appeal of the instrument among lobbyists, but also a number of inconsistencies in its current design, which make it unviable in the long term. We outline implications for the ongoing reform of the Transparency Register, and more generally for the regulation of lobbying activities. The analysis draws on semi‐structured interviews with various types of lobbyists active in Brussels, and on data from public consultations organized by the European Commission.
Three‐dimensional scanning for measurement of bulk density in gravelly soils
Authors: Scanlan C. A. , Rahmani H. , Bowles R. , Bennamoun M.
Published: July 2018

The measurement of bulk density in gravelly soils (>15% soil particles >2 mm) is more time‐consuming than for other soils. The excavation method, usually employed for measurement of bulk density in gravelly soils, includes excavating a void and calculating volume of the void from the weight and density of the material (e.g. sand and plaster cast) used to fill the void. A 3‐dimensional (3D) scanning system was developed to measure the volume of the void created when using the excavation method. The 3D scanning system combined a time‐of‐flight camera (Kinect ™), the KinectFusion algorithm, MeshLab and a portable computer to produce a 3D model of the void or plaster cast. Experiments were completed at three field sites where soil gravel (>2 mm) content ranged from 35 to 71% to assess the performance of the system. The void volume measured using the 3D scanning system was highly correlated with measurements using the plaster cast method (r = 0.99). The cumulative time taken to measure soil bulk density using 3D scanning was significantly (P < 0.001) less than for the sand replacement at 0–10, 10–20, 20–30 and 30–40 cm depth. The faster measurement of subsurface bulk density is a significant advantage of the 3D scanning system; the time taken to measure bulk density to 40 cm in 10 cm increments using the 3D scanning system was about one‐third of the sand method.
Like it or not? How the economic and institutional environment shapes individual attitudes towards multinational enterprises
Authors: Harms Philipp , Schwab Jakob
Published: July 2018

This paper analyses the determinants of people's attitudes towards foreign direct investment (FDI) using a survey‐based data set that covers a wide range of rich and poor countries. We find that both individual socioeconomic characteristics and macroeconomic and institutional factors shape agents’ attitudes towards multinational firms. Moreover, we find that the influence of an individual's characteristics—such as education and the status as an entrepreneur—on her/his perspective on multinationals depends on the respective country's per‐capita income. Our results confirm the conjecture that relative individual attitudes towards multinationals reflect distributional interests as suggested by economic theory.
US immigration policies and dynamics of cross‐border workforce in agriculture
Authors: Devadoss Stephen , Luckstead Jeff
Published: July 2018

Given the contentious debate on immigration, this study develops a dynamic model to analyse the effects of stricter border and domestic enforcement and streamlining the guest‐worker programme on cross‐border migration from Mexico, employment and production in US labour‐intensive and Mexican agriculture and the US and Mexican wage rates. The model incorporates labour‐leisure decisions of Mexican workers and labour market dynamics and linkages. The findings show stricter border and domestic controls exacerbate the labour‐shortage problems and reduce the US agricultural production. Streamlining the guest‐worker programme provides a steady supply of farm workers and has negligible impact on the US wage.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Smith Robert
Published: July 2018

Journal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 6, Number 4a Carmen Pérez-Sabater, Universitat Poltècnica de València, SpainErica D. Shifflet-Chila, Michigan State University, USAGunkut Mesci, Giresun University, TurkeyJohn Bosco Azigwe, Bolgatanga Polytechnic, GhanaJohn Cowan, Edinburgh Napier University, UKLaura Bruno, The College of New Jersey, USALisa Marie Portugal, Grand Canyon University, USALorna T. Enerva, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, PhilippinesMehmet Inan, Marmara University, TurkeyNicole Celestine, The University of Western Australia, Australia               Robert SmithEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Journal of Education and Training StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://jets.redfame.com
The Effect of Science Teaching Enriched With Technological Applications on the Science Achievements of 7th Grade Students
Authors: Yildirim Halil Ibrahim , Sensoy Onder
Published: July 2018

This study aims to research the impacts of science teaching enriched with technological applications on the science course achievement levels of 7th grade students. 13 weeks long research was carried out with 7th grade students studying at a state secondary school in Turkey in 2016. In the study, quasi-experimental method, experimental design with the pretest-posttest control group was used. There were 83 students (control=42, experiment=41) in the study group. “Science Achievement Test” developed by the researchers was used as data collection tool. There are 28 multiple-choice, four-choice items in the achievement test covering subjects taught, and the KR 20 reliability coefficient is 0.78. “Science Achievement Test” was used as the pretest, posttest, and follow-up test. Teaching was carried out by the same science teacher in the science class in both the control and experiment groups. In the control group, student-centered learning approach suitable to the 2013 Science Course Curriculum was given to the students, and no experimental procedure was applied. In the experiment group, 2013 Science Course Curriculum was followed, and teaching was carried out with technology enriched science teaching applications. At the end of the research, it was found that the achievement levels of the experiment group with the technology enriched science teaching applications increased significantly and was higher at a meaningful level than the achievement of the control group students. According to this findings, it can be suggested that technology enriched teaching should also be used in science teaching to address individual differences by enriching teaching.
Music Teachers' Usage of the Breathing and Voice Exercises in Song Teaching
Authors: Gul Gulnihal
Published: July 2018

Singing has a profound effect on the child's mental and emotional development and is directly related to the basic mental functions and physiological development. In this context, it is considered that voice training with the aim of using the voice correctly and effectively is necessary in the general music education and breathing and voice exercises have a particular importance for good and quality sound production in this process.With this idea, in this research, it was aimed to determine the situation of music teachers in Turkey on using breathing and voice exercises while singing in events held in the context of the general music education. According to findings obtained from the research, it has been determined that music teachers' usage of breathing and voice exercises differ according to the institution they are studying, the weekly hours of the music lesson and the inadequacy of the classroom equipment influenced the use of breathing and voice exercises by music teachers in song teaching and teachers felt that they were sufficient enough to accompany themselves to voice exercises.
A systems perspective on placental amino acid transport
Authors: Cleal Jane K. , Lofthouse Emma M. , Sengers Bram G. , Lewis Rohan M.
Published: July 2018

Placental amino acid transfer is a complex process that is essential for fetal development. Impaired amino acid transfer causes fetal growth restriction, which may have lifelong health consequences. Transepithelial transfer of amino acids across the placental syncytiotrophoblast requires accumulative, exchange and facilitated transporters on the apical and basal membranes to work in concert. However, transporters alone do not determine amino acid transfer and factors that affect substrate availability, such as blood flow and metabolism, may also become rate‐limiting for transfer. In order to determine the rate‐limiting processes, it is necessary to take a systems approach which recognises the interdependence of these processes. New technologies have the potential to deliver targeted interventions to the placenta and help poorly growing fetuses. While many factors are necessary for amino acid transfer, novel therapies need to target the rate‐limiting factors if they are going to be effective. This review will outline the factors which determine amino acid transfer and describe how they become interdependent. It will also highlight the role of computational modelling as a tool to understand this process.

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A Comparative Study of Integer and Noninteger Order Wavelets for Fractional Nonlinear Fredholm Integro-Differential Equations
Authors: Mohammadi F. , Tenreiro Machado J. A.
Published: July 2018

This paper compares the performance of Legendre wavelets (LWs) with integer and noninteger orders for solving fractional nonlinear Fredholm integro-differential equations (FNFIDEs). The generalized fractional-order Legendre wavelets (FLWs) are formulated and the operational matrix of fractional derivative in the Caputo sense is obtained. Based on the FLWs, the operational matrix and the Tau method an efficient algorithm is developed for FNFIDEs. The FLWs basis leads to more efficient and accurate solutions of the FNFIDE than the integer-order Legendre wavelets. Numerical examples confirm the superior accuracy of the proposed method.
Stability of Vertically Traveling, Pre-tensioned, Heavy Cables
Authors: Dehadrai Abhinav Ravindra , Sharma Ishan , Gupta Shakti S.
Published: July 2018

We study the stability of a pre-tensioned, heavy cable traveling vertically against gravity at a constant speed. The cable is modeled as a slender beam incorporating rotary inertia. Gravity modifies the tension along the traveling cable and introduces spatially varying coefficients in the equation of motion, thereby precluding an analytical solution. The onset of instability is determined by employing both the Galerkin method with sine modes and finite element (FE) analysis to compute the eigenvalues associated with the governing equation of motion. A spectral stability analysis is necessary for traveling cables where an energy stability analysis is not comprehensive, because of the presence of gyroscopic terms in the governing equation. Consistency of the solution is checked by direct time integration of the governing equation of motion with specified initial conditions. In the stable regime of operations, the rate of change of total energy of the system is found to oscillate with bounded amplitude indicating that the system, although stable, is nonconservative. A comprehensive stability analysis is carried out in the parameter space of traveling speed, pre-tension, bending rigidity, external damping, and the slenderness ratio of the cable. We conclude that pre-tension, bending rigidity, external damping, and slenderness ratio enhance the stability of the traveling cable while gravity destabilizes the cable.
Validating a real-time perceptual model predicting distraction caused by audio-on-audio interference
Authors: Rämö Jussi , Bech Søren , Jensen Søren Holdt
Published: July 2018

This work concentrates on validating a real-time perceptual model predicting distraction caused by audio-on-audio interference. The real-time model was recently developed on the basis of another successfully validated, perceptual distraction model, which is not able to calculate predictions in real time. Both models are non-blind, i.e., their inputs take target and interferer signals separately. This paper describes a validation experiment for the real-time distraction model, which compares the model's predictions to subjective distraction ratings obtained from a listening experiment. The accuracy of the real-time model is also compared to that of the original distraction model. The calculated root-mean-squared errors for a speech zone and a music zone were 10.2% and 12.6% for the real-time model, respectively, compared to 11.3% and 11.5% for the original model. The results indicate that the real-time model is able to predict the distraction with similar accuracy as the original model, and thus, is a suitable tool for sound-zone evaluation. Furthermore, the real-time capability of the model is considered to be vital for certain applications, including the evaluation of adaptive sound zones.
ATGGenes Influence the Virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans through Contributions beyond Core Autophagy Functions
Authors: Ding Hao , Caza Mélissa , Dong Yifei , Arif Arif A. , Horianopoulos Linda C. , Hu Guanggan , Johnson Pauline , Kronstad James W.
Published: July 2018

The process of autophagy is conserved among all eukaryotes from yeast to humans and is mainly responsible for bulk degradation of cellular contents and nutrient recycling during starvation. Autophagy has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of the opportunistic human fungal pathogenCryptococcus neoformans, potentially through a contribution to the export of virulence factors.
Outer Membrane Vesicles Facilitate Trafficking of the Hydrophobic Signaling Molecule CAI-1 between Vibrio harveyi Cells
Authors: Brameyer Sophie , Plener Laure , Müller Axel , Klingl Andreas , Wanner Gerhard , Jung Kirsten
Published: July 2018

Formation of membrane vesicles is ubiquitous among bacteria. These vesicles are involved in protein and DNA transfer and offer new approaches for vaccination. Gram-negative bacteria use hydrophobic signaling molecules, among others, for cell-cell communication; however, due to their hydrophobic character, it is unclear how these molecules are disseminated between bacterial cells. Here, we show that the marine pathogen
Vibrio harveyi
packages one of its QS molecules, the long-chain ketone CAI-1, into outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). Isolated CAI-1-containing vesicles trigger a QS phenotype in CAI-1 nonproducing
V. harveyi
and also in
Vibrio cholerae
cells. Packaging of CAI-1 into OMVs not only solubilizes, stabilizes, and concentrates this class of molecules, but facilitate their distribution between bacteria that live in aqueous environments.
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Persistence in Cellular and Anatomic Reservoirs in Antiretroviral Therapy-Suppressed Infant Rhesus Macaques
Authors: Mavigner Maud , Habib Jakob , Deleage Claire , Rosen Elias , Mattingly Cameron , Bricker Katherine , Kashuba Angela , Amblard Franck , Schinazi Raymond F. , Lawson Benton , Vanderford Thomas H. , Jean Sherrie , Cohen Joyce , McGary Colleen , Paiardini Mirko , Wood Matthew P. , Sodora Donald L. , Silvestri Guido , Estes Jacob , Chahroudi Ann
Published: July 2018

While antiretroviral therapy (ART) can reduce HIV replication, the virus cannot be eradicated from an infected individual, and our incomplete understanding of HIV persistence in reservoirs greatly complicates the generation of a cure for HIV infection. Given the immaturity of the infant immune system, it is critically important to study HIV reservoirs specifically in this population. Here, we established a pediatric animal model to simulate breastfeeding transmission and study SIV reservoirs in rhesus macaque (RM) infants. Our study demonstrates that ART can be safely administered to infant RMs for prolonged periods and that it efficiently controls viral replication in this model. SIV persistence was shown in blood and tissues, with similar anatomic distributions of SIV reservoirs in infant and adult RMs. However, in the peripheral blood and lymph nodes, a greater contribution of the naive CD4
+
T cells to the SIV reservoir was observed in infants than in adults.
Structural Comparison of Human Anti-HIV-1 gp120 V3 Monoclonal Antibodies of the Same Gene Usage Induced by Vaccination and Chronic Infection
Authors: Chan Kun-Wei , Pan Ruimin , Costa Matthew , Gorny Miroslaw K. , Wang Shixia , Lu Shan , Kong Xiang-Peng
Published: July 2018

Understanding the structural basis of gene usage and affinity maturation for anti-HIV-1 antibodies may help vaccine design and development. Antibodies targeting the highly immunogenic third variable loop (V3) of HIV-1 gp120 provide a unique opportunity for detailed structural investigations. By comparing the sequences and structures of four anti-V3 MAbs at different stages of affinity maturation but of the same V gene usage, two induced by vaccination and another two by chronic infection, we provide a fine example of how germ line sequence determines the essential elements for epitope recognition and how affinity maturation improves the antibody's recognition of its epitope.
Restricted Localization of Photosynthetic Intracytoplasmic Membranes (ICMs) in Multiple Genera of Purple Nonsulfur Bacteria
Authors: LaSarre Breah , Kysela David T. , Stein Barry D. , Ducret Adrien , Brun Yves V. , McKinlay James B.
Published: July 2018

In bacteria and eukaryotes alike, proper cellular physiology relies on robust subcellular organization. For the phototrophic purple nonsulfur bacteria (PNSB), this organization entails the use of a light-harvesting, membrane-bound compartment known as the intracytoplasmic membrane (ICM). Here we show that ICMs are spatially and temporally localized in diverse patterns among PNSB. We visualized ICMs in live cells of 14 PNSB species across nine genera by exploiting the natural autofluorescence of the photosynthetic pigment bacteriochlorophyll (BChl). We then quantitatively characterized ICM localization using automated computational analysis of BChl fluorescence patterns within single cells across the population. We revealed that while many PNSB elaborate ICMs along the entirety of the cell, species across as least two genera restrict ICMs to discrete, nonrandom sites near cell poles in a manner coordinated with cell growth and division. Phylogenetic and phenotypic comparisons established that ICM localization and ICM architecture are not strictly interdependent and that neither trait fully correlates with the evolutionary relatedness of the species. The natural diversity of ICM localization revealed herein has implications for both the evolution of phototrophic organisms and their light-harvesting compartments and the mechanisms underpinning spatial organization of bacterial compartments.

IMPORTANCE
Many bacteria organize their cellular space by constructing subcellular compartments that are arranged in specific, physiologically relevant patterns. The purple nonsulfur bacteria (PNSB) utilize a membrane-bound compartment known as the intracytoplasmic membrane (ICM) to harvest light for photosynthesis. It was previously unknown whether ICM localization within cells is systematic or irregular and if ICM localization is conserved among PNSB. Here we surveyed ICM localization in diverse PNSB and show that ICMs are spatially organized in species-specific patterns. Most strikingly, several PNSB resolutely restrict ICMs to regions near the cell poles, leaving much of the cell devoid of light-harvesting machinery. Our results demonstrate that bacteria of a common lifestyle utilize unequal portions of their intracellular space to harvest light, despite light harvesting being a process that is intuitively influenced by surface area. Our findings therefore raise fundamental questions about ICM biology and evolution.