bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Аналіз успішності функціонування композитних реставрацій в умовах різних параметрів конфігурації порожнини
Authors: Voytovich V. I.
Published: November 2019

Резюме. Прогноз функціонування прямих композитних реставрацій передбачає необхідність урахування впливу низки діючих факторів, асоційованих як власне зі специфікою дизайну порожнини та якістю використовуваних матеріалів, так і з особливостями механізму полімеризації та конверсії мономерів в умовах реалізації різних прямих технік відновлення дефектів твердих тканин зуба.

Мета дослідження проаналізувати успішність функціонування композитних реставрацій в умовах різних параметрів конфігурації порожнини та оцінити вплив похідних розмірних параметрів дефектів твердих тканин зубів на клінічний прогноз ефективності їх відновлення.

Матеріали і методи. У ході реалізації поставленої мети дослідження було проведено реставрацію відновлення 49 відпрепарованих каріозних порожнин серед стоматологічних пацієнтів, при цьому 27 порожнин відповідали І класу за Блеком (перша група, С-фактор – 5) та 22 порожнини – ІІ класу за Блеком (друга група, С-фактор – 2). Реставрацію порожнин проводили із застосуванням універсального наногібридного матеріалу Filtek Z550 (3M). Клінічна успішність виконаних реставрацій через 12 місяців функціонування була відповідно до критеріїв USPHS. Об’єм реставрації визначали за допомогою екстраорального сканера UP200 (UP3D TechCo., КНР).

Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. У результаті проведеного аналізу отриманих чисельних результатів було встановлено, що в умовах порожнини ІІ класу за Блеком за типом мезіально-(дистально) оклюзійної зі значеннями показника С-фактора-2, збільшення параметрів об’єму реставрації понад третини об’єму коронкової частини зуба провокувало зниження клінічного прогнозу їх функціонування. В умовах же дефекту І класу за Блеком збільшення об’єму реставрації за рахунок одночасного перевищення параметрів її глибини понад половини загальної товщини емалі та дентину до склепіння пульпової камери та довжини і ширини реставрації понад 2/3 геометричних параметрів коронкової частини зуба, провокувало статистично виражене зниження якості реставрацій порівняно з даними, що були зареєстровані при нижчих вихідних параметрах порожнини.

Висновки. Параметри об’єму реставрацій виявились більш клінічно значимими для прогнозу їх функціональної експлуатації порівняно зі значеннями С-фактора при відновленні дефектів твердих тканин зубів І та ІІ класу за Блеком універсальним наногібридним композитним матеріалом у період проведення однорічного моніторингу.
Оцінка кількісних змін мікробіологічного профілю зубного нальоту з ділянки зубоясенної боріздки у пацієнтів із І стадією пародонтиту
Authors: Goncharuk-Khomyn M. Y. , Melnychuk N. I. , Tsuperyak S. S. , Pohoretska Kh. V. , Patskan L. O.
Published: November 2019

Резюме. Виникнення пародонтиту доказово асоційоване із впливом специфічних видів мікроорганізмів, категоризованих у відповідні комплекси, проте характер клінічного перебігу патології та ефективність лікування визначають складною взаємодією між патогенетичними факторами та індивідуальними генетичними, імунологічними та бактеріологічними пацієнтасоційованими параметрами.

Мета дослідження – встановити середні показники кількості основних пародонтопатогенів у складі мазків зубного нальоту в пацієнтів із І стадією пародонтиту.

Матеріали і методи. У ході реалізації поставленої мети були сформовані дослідна та контрольна групи осіб. До складу дослідної групи було включено 19 осіб із І стадією пародонтиту, до складу контрольної – 17 осіб без клінічно зареєстрованих ознак ураження тканин пародонта. Оцінку стадії пародонтиту проводили згідно з рекомендаціями American Academy of Periodontology від 2017 р. Визначення кількісного складу цільових пародонтопатогенів в умовах норми та І стадії розвитку пародонтиту проводили із застосуванням аналізу «Пародонтоскрин», котрий виконували в лабораторних умовах та передбачав проведення полімеразно-ланцюгової реакції з ідентифікацією кількості умовно-патогенних мікроорганізмів у режимі реального часу.

Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Проведений аналіз  виявив наступні середні показники кількості ключових пародонтопатогенів у мазках зубного нальоту з ділянки зубоясенної боріздки серед пацієнтів із І стадією розвитку пародонтиту: P. gingivalis – (5,4±0,3) Lg (ГЕ/зразок), T. forsythia – (5,1±0,2) Lg (ГЕ/зразок), P. intermedia – (5,0±0,5) Lg (ГЕ/зразок), T. denticola – (3,9±0,7) Lg (ГЕ/зразок). При цьому показник загальної бактеріальної маси складав (6,7±0,4) Lg (ГЕ/зразок).

Висновки. Виходячи із отриманих даних можна констатувати факт статистично значимого зростання кількості усіх дослідних мікроорганізмів при І стадії пародонтиту, порівняно з показниками, котрі були зареєстровані серед осіб контрольної групи без клінічновиражених ознак ураження тканин пародонта (р<0,05). Подальші дослідження повинні бути спрямовані на модифікацію існуючих протоколів лікування пародонтальних уражень шляхом їх індивідуалізації з урахуванням зареєстрованих змін мікробіологічного профілю.
Стан гігієни ротової порожнини та структура пародонтологічної патології у підлітків 15–16 років
Authors: Jarova S. P. , Novikova K. V. , Jarov Y. Y.
Published: November 2019

Резюме. Карієс зубів і хвороби тканин пародонта належать до числа найпоширеніших захворювань людини. Оцінку їх поширення та інтенсивності в масштабах держави здійснюють за допомогою епідеміологічних досліджень. Вивчення епідеміології стоматологічних захворювань серед дитячого населення Донецької області лежить в основі планування та організації стоматологічної допомоги дітям, виявлення потреби в профілактиці та лікуванні, а також дозволяє оцінити якісний рівень лікувальних і профілактичних заходів. Розповсюдження захворювань пародонта у дітей сягає 35–40 %. За даними сучасної літератури провідним чинником у розвитку запальних захворювань тканин пародонта є гігієна ротової порожнини.

Мета дослідження – вивчити стан гігієни ротової порожнини та структуру пародонтологічної патології у підлітків віком 15–16 років м. Краматорськ.

Матеріали і методи. У дослідженні використали клінічні (огляд, анамнез), параклінічні (проба Шіллєра Писарєва, РМА, СРІТN) методи, гігієнічний стан оцінювали за ГІ Green-Vermillion.

Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Результати показали, що у структурі пародонтологічної патології превалює більшою мірою катаральний гінгівіт – 48 %. Гігієнічний стан ротової порожнини за ГІ Green-Vermillion відповідає «поганому» (26,2 %) та «незадовільному» (39 %).

Висновки. Гігієна порожнини рота є основним чинником фактором розвитку запальних захворювань тканин пародонта у підлітків 15–16 років, що потребує розробки лікувально-профілактичних комплексів, які забезпечуватимуть підтримку гігієнічного стану на «задовільному» рівні.
Redescription of Paratrophurus anomalus (Rhabditida: Dolichodoridae) from South Africa
Authors: Shokoohi Ebrahim , Abolafia Joaquín , Mashela Phatu William
Published: November 2019

Paratrophurus anomalus is redescribed from the North-West Province, South Africa, associated with the rhizosphere of a willow tree, a dominant ornamental tree in the province. This population is characterised by its adult body length (696 (625-834) μm for female and 706 μm for male), lateral field with four longitudinal incisures, cephalic framework well cuticularised, lip region smooth and lacking annuli, female stylet 19.6 (18-21) μm long, female tail cylindrical, 35 (31-38) μm long, c′ = 2.3 (2.1-2.8), with thick hyaline region forming 31-43% of the tail length, spicules 22 μm long and gubernaculum 12 μm long. Morphologically, P. anomalus is very similar to P. kenanae and P. dissitus, although they differ on the basis of lip region morphology, stylet length, hyaline tail region, and spicule length. In addition, SEM observations are provided for the first time for this species along with a new host and new geographical record of the species from South Africa, providing new information for the revision of Paratrophurus. Molecular analysis of P. anomalus using ITS rDNA showed a close relationship with P. bursifer, P. bhutanensis and Bitylenchus species. In addition, principal component analysis was done for 14 character states of species in the genus.
“Microcosm” of the Global South
Authors: Frederiks Martha
Published: November 2019

This article investigates the discursive triangulation of migrant Christianity in Europe, European Christianity and Christianity in the ‘global South’ in certain world Christianity discourses, with particular attention for the representation and discursive functionality of migrant Christianity within this triangulation. It argues that this triangulation is brought into play to underscore the binary of the vibrancy and growth of Christianity in the ‘global South’ on the one hand and the decline and decay of European Christianity on the other, and that both the selective representation of migrant Christianity and its discursive functionality within triangulation aim to reinforce this binary. The article also argues that this binary forms the fulcrum of a particular conceptualization of world Christianity as a postcolonial project, theorized by Lamin Sanneh, and shows how this postcolonial agenda fashions the representation of migrant Christianity in Europe. The article concludes with a discussion of some of the problematic presuppositions of this construct.
“Religion Teaches Peace and Harmony”
Authors: Grit Kor
Published: November 2019

As an organization working in a context that seems increasingly Islamized and marked by religious conflict, the Christian Study Centre (CSC) in Rawalpindi has tasked itself with facilitating “interfaith harmony” and “co-existence” between Christians and Muslims. The organization has a large and diverse network of Christian, Muslim and non-affiliated partner organizations, groups and actors, who participate in CSC’s interreligious dialogue activities. These participants differ from CSC in their perceptions about the role of religion in society at large and in facilitating interreligious coexistence in particular. As a result, the participants bring a variety of, sometimes opposing, expectations and attitudes to the interreligious dialogue encounter. In order to facilitate harmony and peace in its dialogue activities CSC carefully navigates the communication about religious identity between Christians and Muslims. This article will explore the strategies employed by CSC to navigate communication about religious identity in interreligious dialogue.
Anne Rebecca Daoma
Authors: Mbaya Henry
Published: November 2019

This article outlines the progressive journey of Anne Rebecca Daoma in the Anglican Mission at the Cape in the years 1863 to 1936. Daoma was the first African woman from Central Africa, to be trained by the Anglican missionaries in South Africa. The article traces the life of Daoma, a Yao, from the moment when the Universities Mission to Central Africa (UMCA) missionaries set her free from the slave trade in Southern Malawi in 1861, and through some phases of her life at the Cape as a missionary and argues that colonial missionary life and culture fashioned her in becoming ‘Anne Rebecca Daoma’.
Judicial Dialogue in Human Rights
Authors: Karska Elżbieta , Karski Karol
Published: November 2019

The editors and other authors of the studies contained in this volume have chosen to focus attention on the problem of the broad concept of judicial dialogue, defined as the communication between various judicial authorities. The studies included consider the problem of institutional relations in the field of human rights protection from a national and international perspective. The issue of judicial dialogue in the field of human rights after the civil war in Rwanda is assessed. Next, the issue of the legal responsibility for placing hyperlinks in the context of the judicial dialogue between the European Court of Human Rights and the Court of Justice of the European Union in the field of protecting human rights on the internet is raised. Finally, the question of whether private or public legal entities can find direct protection under the Inter-American System of Human Rights is analysed. The academic value of the analytical considerations presented in this volume is very high and this should lead to considerable readers’ interest. This is because intellectual considerations of judicial dialogue in the field of human rights protection undoubtedly bring an interesting and significant new dimension not only to the theory but also to the practice of applying the law.
Judicial Dialogue between the European Court of Human Rights and the Court of Justice of the European Union in the Field of Legal Liability for Posting Hyperlinks
Authors: Oręziak Bartłomiej
Published: November 2019

This paper discusses the judicial dialogue between the European Court of Human Rights and the Court of Justice of the European Union regarding the placing of hyperlinks on the internet. Firstly, the case law of the CJEU in the light of the linkage is analysed. This shows the scope of restrictions created by this judicial authority in the area of copyright. Secondly, the judgment of the ECHR will be cited and analysed as regards the relationship between placing hyperlinks on the internet and freedom of expression. There is a judicial dialogue with the CJEU, which focuses attention on the human rights aspect of hyperlinks. Thirdly, the correlation between the jurisprudence of the CJEU and the ECHR will be analysed, including a functional interpretation. The paper ends with a discussion about the potential of this judicial dialogue for the wider purpose of building an optimal model for European dialogue.
Entitlement of Legal Entities to Hold Rights under the Inter-American Human Rights Protection System
Authors: Dąbrowski Łukasz Dawid
Published: November 2019

At present, both domestic and international law are increasingly starting to recognize corporations, other private non-natural persons and even public legal entities as subjects of human rights. A significant question of the study is whether such private or public legal entities can find any direct protection under the Inter-American Human Rights System, and if so, on what conditions. In this regard, the study analyzes the advisory opinion of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights OC-22/16, adopted on 26 February 2016. The study also focuses on international standards concerning the rights of legal entities to seek protection in universal and regional human rights systems. The main method used in the study is a formal analytical model. Beyond the analysis of the advisory opinion, the study focuses on basics regulations of European, African and United Nations human rights systems.
Peoples’ Right to Self-Determination
Authors: Weismann Paul
Published: November 2019

The Chagos Archipelago is a small group of islands and atolls in the Indian Ocean which traditionally has belonged to Mauritius. In 1965, when Mauritius was still a colony of the UK, the Chagos Archipelago was detached from Mauritius and the UK allowed the US to establish a military base on this territory. These occurrences have been highly disputed ever since. In February 2019, the International Court of Justice (ICJ), upon request by the UN General Assembly, has rendered its Advisory Opinion on a number of legal issues concerning the case. This contribution aims at presenting and discussing the facts of the case and its main legal aspects, encompassing material questions on the peoples’ right to self-determination, on territorial integrity and on international responsibility, but also procedural questions relating to the scope of the jurisdiction of the ICJ. In this context, not only the Advisory Opinion of the Court shall be analysed, but also the Separate Opinions and Declarations and in particular the Dissenting Opinion rendered by Judge Donoghue will be taken into account.
Analysis of pressure distribution during movement for the top part of female socks
Authors: Yan Xiang-hui , Wang Li-jun , Wang Ming-ling , Shi Jia-ling
Published: November 2019

Female sports socks were studied to achieve the correlation between the ankle surface curvature and pressure distribution of the top part of socks. The transverse tension performance of the socks’ top part was obtained using an Instron universal strength tester, and the leg size was measured with a [TC]2 contactless 3D body scanner. The pressure was monitored by a Pliance-X-32 pressure test system. Gray correlation, variance, and regression analysis were applied to study the correlation between movement velocity, fabric performance, leg circumference, and ankle pressure distribution. The dynamic pressure prediction models of multiple regression and back propagation (BP) neural network on the top part of socks were also established. The results show that the transverse tension performance and sock density have a significant effect on the ankle static pressure. Movement velocity, sock density, and leg circumference are positively correlated with dynamic pressure, while the elastic recovery rate of the fabric is negatively correlated with the pressure. Both of the multiple regression and BP neural network models can predict the dynamic pressure, and the BP neural network model is better than multiple regression at prediction error, which was kept to less than 0.5%. Therefore, the BP neural network model can be effectively used in female ribbed sock top design.
Video Prompting to Teach Robotics and Coding to Middle School Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Wright John C. , Knight Victoria F. , Barton Erin E. , Edwards-Bowyer Meghan
Published: November 2019

Video-based modeling is an evidence-based practice for teaching social and communication skills, functional and daily living skills, and some academic skills (i.e., math) to students with autism spectrum disorder. The efficacy of video-based modeling, however, has not yet been established for STEM skills related to science, technology, or engineering. Drawing on findings from a systematic review of video-based modeling to teach academic skills to students with autism spectrum disorder and/or intellectual disability, researchers used a single-case study design to examine the efficacy of video-based modeling for teaching robotics and coding to students with autism spectrum disorder. Specifically, researchers used a multiple probe across skills single-case research design replicated across three middle school participants to teach block-based coding of robots. This afforded three intraparticipant replications and three interparticipant replications. A functional relation between the use of systematic video prompting and mastery of robotics coding skills was demonstrated. Further, to substantiate the social and ecological validity of video-based modeling interventions for public school settings, a special education teacher implemented the intervention in a special education classroom. Additionally, questionnaires were disseminated to study participants and public school special educators naive to the study purpose and outcomes to assess the social validity (i.e., feasibility and effectiveness) of the intervention.
Using Administrative Data to Explore the Effect of Survey Nonresponse in the UK Employment Retention and Advancement Demonstration
Authors: Dorsett Richard , Hendra Richard , Robins Philip K.
Published: November 2019

Background:

Even a well-designed randomized control trial (RCT) study can produce ambiguous results. This article highlights a case in which full sample results from a large-scale RCT in the United Kingdom differ from results for a subsample of survey respondents.

Objectives:

Our objective is to ascertain the source of the discrepancy in inferences across data sources and, in doing so, to highlight important threats to the reliability of the causal conclusions derived from even the strongest research designs.

Research design:

The study analyzes administrative data to shed light on the source of the differences between the estimates. We explore the extent to which heterogeneous treatment impacts and survey nonresponse might explain these differences. We suggest checks which assess the external validity of survey measured impacts, which in turn provides an opportunity to test the effectiveness of different weighting schemes to remove bias. The subjects included 6,787 individuals who participated in a large-scale social policy experiment.

Results:

Our results were not definitive but suggest nonresponse bias is the main source of the inconsistent findings.

Conclusions:

The results caution against overconfidence in drawing conclusions from RCTs and highlight the need for great care to be taken in data collection and analysis. Particularly, given the modest size of impacts expected in most RCTs, small discrepancies in data sources can alter the results. Survey data remain important as a source of information on outcomes not recorded in administrative data. However, linking survey and administrative data is strongly recommended whenever possible.
Analysis of static sealing rules of foamed silicone rubber based on a porous media model
Authors: Wen Tianzheng , Guo Fei , Huang Yijie , Zhu Shixing , Jia Xiaohong
Published: November 2019

We established a method for calculating and analyzing the static leakage rate based on a porous media model for foamed silicone rubber materials. The mechanical properties of the foamed silicone rubber material under macroscopic compression were described by the Ogden third (foam) model in the finite-element hyperelastic model. It solved the problem of difficult convergence of large compressible and volume compressible cell materials. The size and distribution of the cells on the surface of the foamed material were obtained by a white-light interferometer and mathematical fitting. The boundary conditions for solving the porous medium model were obtained by the coupling of the macroscopic contact pressure and the microscopic cell contact pressure. For the unique cell structure and contact state of the surface of the foamed material, the flow state of the fluid at the sealing interface was described by a porous medium model, and the leak rate was obtained. In addition, this article analyzed the effect of different compression and the relative pressure of the sealing end face on the leakage.
Neurovascular coupling preserved in a chronic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease: Methodology is critical
Authors: Sharp Paul S , Ameen-Ali Kamar E , Boorman Luke , Harris Sam , Wharton Stephen , Howarth Clare , Shabir Osman , Redgrave Peter , Berwick Jason
Published: November 2019

Impaired neurovascular coupling has been suggested as an early pathogenic factor in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which could serve as an early biomarker of cerebral pathology. We have established an anaesthetic regime to allow repeated measurements of neurovascular function over three months in the J20 mouse model of AD (J20-AD) and wild-type (WT) controls. Animals were 9–12 months old at the start of the experiment. Mice were chronically prepared with a cranial window through which 2-Dimensional optical imaging spectroscopy (2D-OIS) was used to generate functional maps of the cerebral blood volume and saturation changes evoked by whisker stimulation and vascular reactivity challenges. Unexpectedly, the hemodynamic responses were largely preserved in the J20-AD group. This result failed to confirm previous investigations using the J20-AD model. However, a final acute electrophysiology and 2D-OIS experiment was performed to measure both neural and hemodynamic responses concurrently. In this experiment, previously reported deficits in neurovascular coupling in the J20-AD model were observed. This suggests that J20-AD mice may be more susceptible to the physiologically stressing conditions of an acute experimental procedure compared to WT animals. These results therefore highlight the importance of experimental procedure when determining the characteristics of animal models of human disease.
Upset diagrams for examining whether parking maximums influence modal choice and car holdings
Authors: Kimpton Anthony
Published: November 2019

Venn and Euler diagrams can provide researchers and practitioners with a quick visual summary of information that is relevant for evaluating policy, but given that the potential number of intersections grows exponentially relative to sets of information (2 n – 1), diagrams featuring more than three sets of information are typically difficult to interpret from a two-dimensional medium (i.e. reports or articles). In contrast, upset diagrams arrange sets and intersections on a matrix. Thus, the potential number of intersections grows linearly, and further information (e.g. histograms and boxplots) can be aligned vertically or horizontally to this matrix. To demonstrate this application, seven commuter modal choices, two car-parking policies, car holdings and country of birth will be visualised using an upset diagram to evaluate whether a parking-maximums policy reform in Brisbane, Australia, is reducing car ownership and dependence.
Local administration of aspirin improves osseointegration of hydroxyapatite-coated titanium implants in ovariectomized rats through activation of the Notch signaling pathway
Authors: Tao Zhoushan , Zhou Wanshu , Wu Xingjing , Lu Hanli , Ma Nengfeng , Li Yang , Zhang Ruotian , Yang Min , Xu Hong-Guang
Published: November 2019

Osteoporosis-induced impaired bone regeneration would result in compromised osseointegration of hydroxyapatite-coated titanium and high rate of implant failure. Local administration of aspirin promotes osteoblast proliferation and inhibits osteoclast proliferation, and positively affects bone regeneration in osteoporotic condition. We hypothesized that reduced osteogenesis may account for poor osseointegration of hydroxyapatite-coated titanium which could be ameliorated by using local aspirin. The aim of this study was to confirm the effect of the local incorporation of aspirin into hydroxyapatite-coated titanium implants in the osteoporotic and normal condition. Twelve-week-old female Sprague–Dawley rats were used for this study. Twelve weeks after bilateral ovariectomy, all animals were randomly divided into three groups: group Sham, group OVX and group OVX + ASP, and the rats from OVX and Sham received hydroxyapatite-coated implants and animals belong to group OVX + ASP received aspirin-hydroxyapatite-coated implants until death at 12 weeks, respectively. After 12-week healing period, local treatment with aspirin revealed improved osseointegration compared to OVX, with significant improvement of the bone area ratio and bone-to-implant contact in histomorphometry, the bone mass and trabecular architecture in micro-CT evaluation, and the maximal push-out force in push out test. Moreover, group OVX + ASP presented the strongest effect on Jagged1, Notch1, and Hes-1( P < 0.05). These results demonstrated that local administration of aspirin could enhance hydroxyapatite-coated titanium implant osseointegration in OVX rats by activation Wnt signaling pathway to improve implant fixation in osteoporotic bone.
Health Promotion That Saves People and the Planet and an Interview With Dr Sara Singer
Authors: Terry Paul E.
Published: November 2019

Recently the Business Roundtable released a “Statement on the Purpose of a Corporation” which pronounced that alongside increasing shareholder value, businesses need to play a role in environmental and consumer protection. These stated “commitments” signed by 181 CEOs of leading companies include “supporting the communities in which we work,” “investing in our employees,” and “embracing sustainable practices.” Skeptics will take a wait and see attitude about these business leaders’ words and await more deeds, but others view this as an affirmation of an employer leadership philosophy that many have been championing for decades. For example, the book Building a Culture of Health: A New Imperative for Business examined the interface of social and business trends and argues that 4 pillars are needed if business is to accrue the advantages of leading with a culture of health. These pillars are community, consumer, employee, and environmental health. This editorial summarizes current initiatives and studies relating to these pillars and the Business Roundtable’s commitments and includes an interview with Dr Sara Singer. Singer is an organizational development expert, business scholar, and coinvestigator of a national study that examines business engagement in the 4 pillars and sets a baseline for how involved businesses are in addressing social and health issues.
Acceptability of a digital patient notification and linkage-to-care tool for French PrEPers (WeFLASH©): Key stakeholders' perspectives
Authors: Lessard David , Aslan Alexandre , Zeggagh Jérémy , Morel Stéphane , Michels David , Lebouché Bertrand
Published: November 2019

The objective of this study was to describe stakeholders’ perspectives on the acceptability of WeFLASH© (AADISS, Paris, France), a digital smartphone sexually transmitted infection (STI) patient notification (PN) tool to be launched among French HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis users (PrEPers). In Paris, Lyon, and Nice, we conducted 2-hour focus group discussions with PrEPers (n = 21) and community mediators (n = 10), and one-on-one interviews with PrEP-prescribing physicians (n = 5) and HIV/STI management decision-makers (n = 4). Recordings were transcribed. The analysis focused on perceived benefits and risks. Concerning benefits, participants mentioned that WeFLASH© could provide: improved PN and STI screening, by refining the notification of anonymous partners; customized linkage-to-care, by providing users with tailored information on care; and transferable epidemiological data, by filling a need for real-time data. Participants anticipated risks for: privacy and confidentiality and suggested specific security settings to protect users’ identity; sexual behavior and suggested game-like functions to improve the integration of the tool in sexual contexts; and fairness and emphasized the importance of making WeFLASH© accessible to all men who have sex with men. WeFLASH© could facilitate PN for an increasing proportion of anonymous partners met online, and empower users, including notified partners, on questions of confidentiality and consent, access to STI prevention and screening services, and access to data.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Two Methods to Improve Motivational Interviewing Training
Authors: Hodorowicz Mary T. , Barth Richard , Moyers Theresa , Strieder Frederick
Published: November 2019

Purpose:

This randomized controlled study examines the efficacy of two innovative methods to teach beginning motivational interviewing (MI) skills: live supervision (LS), a small group experiential learning interaction with standardized client actors and in-the-moment guidance from a supervisor, and a coding learning (CL) method, where students in a classroom setting are introduced to MI skill development via learning to code MI practice behaviors.

Methods:

Seventeen social work students in a child welfare training program were randomized to receive either LS or CL training method. Changes in MI knowledge, attitudes, and MI skill were assessed through self-report and observational measures pretraining, posttraining, and at 5 months follow-up, after a semester of learning-as-usual.

Results:

Both training groups demonstrated an improvement in MI knowledge and attitudes from pretest to follow-up. MI skill gain within groups varied for specific MI skills.

Discussion:

Implications for maximally efficient MI training are advanced.
From Nuisance to Novel Research Questions: Using Multilevel Models to Predict Heterogeneous Variances
Authors: Lester Houston F. , Cullen-Lester Kristin L. , Walters Ryan W.
Published: November 2019

Constructs that reflect differences in variability are of interest to many researchers studying workplace phenomena. The aggregation methods typically used to investigate “variability-based” constructs suffer from several limitations, including the inability to include Level 1 predictors and a failure to account for uncertainty in the variability estimates. We demonstrate how mixed-effects location-scale (MELS) and heterogeneous variance models, which are direct extensions of traditional mixed-effects (or multilevel) models, can be used to test mean (location)- and variability (scale)-related hypotheses simultaneously. The aims of this article are to demonstrate (a) how the MELS and heterogeneous variance models can be estimated with both nested cross-sectional and longitudinal data to answer novel research questions about constructs of interest to organizational researchers, (b) how a Bayesian approach allows for the inclusion of random intercepts and slopes when predicting both variability and mean levels, and finally (c) how researchers can use a multilevel approach to predict between-group heterogeneous variances. In doing so, this article highlights the added value of viewing variability as more than a statistical nuisance in organizational research.
Metrology and numerical characterization of random rough surfaces—Data reduction via an effective filtering solution
Authors: Green Itzhak
Published: November 2019

Random rough surfaces appear in measurements as noisy signals varying spatially. Mathematically, there is no theoretical difference between such and time-varying signals. Hence, the extensive array of methods and analysis tools that have been developed for signal processing are available also for rough surfaces characterization. In both, the objective is to reduce the vast amount of data to just a few meaningful parameters that allow the application of other physical concepts. Particularly in contact mechanics, it is well known that the Greenwood–Williamson model requires three parameters for the calculation of the elastic deformation of rough surface asperities. The parameters are the roughness standard deviation, the equivalent asperity radius, and the asperity density. These parameters are byproducts of the spectral moments. The spectral moments have been employed for decades in many fields of engineering and science. For rough surfaces, for example, the work by McCool outlines a mathematical blueprint procedure on how to straightforwardly reduce the entire roughness data into the said three spectral moments. It is commonly claimed, however, that the said procedure inherently suffers from resolution problems, that is, a given surface shall have much different spectral moments depending on the sampling rate (or spacing). To study these issues, synthetic surfaces are generated herein using a harmonic waveform precisely as McCool had done. However, here the signals are contaminated by a white noise process with various magnitudes. A signal-to-noise ratio is defined and used to assess the quality of the signal, and the spectral moments are evaluated for various magnitudes of the noise. Since closed-from solutions are available for the spectral moments of the uncontaminated signal, the contaminated signals are evaluated vis-à-vis the exact anticipated values, and the errors are calculated. It is shown that using the common techniques (such as those outlined by McCool) can lead to enormous and unacceptable errors. Resolution is studied as well; it is shown to have an effect only in the presence of noise, but by itself it has no independent influence on the spectral moments. The venerable Savitzky–Golay smoothing filter is used on the noisy signals, showing some improvements, but the resulting spectral moments predicted still contain objectionable errors. A generalized exponential smoothing filter, G-EXP, is constructed, and it is shown to markedly moderate the errors and reduce them to acceptable levels, while effectively restoring the underlying surface physical characteristics. Moreover, the filtered signals do not suffer from resolution problems, where results, in fact, improve with higher (i.e., finer) resolutions. Fractal-generated signals are likewise discussed.
Tribological study of piston–cylinder interface of radial piston pump in high-pressure common rail system considering surface topography effect
Authors: Qi Bo , Yong Zhang
Published: November 2019

Based on the theory of thermal fluid dynamic lubrication, the Reynolds equation and energy equation of the average flow of a piston–cylinder interface of a radial piston pump in a high-pressure common rail system are established, considering the surface topography effect. The tribological properties of the piston–cylinder interface are calculated by solving the Reynolds equation and energy equation. A surface wear model is established and the wear distribution and trend of the piston–cylinder interface are studied. The wear characteristics of the piston–cylinder interface are verified through experiment, and the wear lubrication of the piston–cylinder interface is discussed. The surface topography effect has a considerable influence on the characteristics of the piston–cylinder interface film. Different surface morphologies change the film characteristics of the piston–cylinder interface, yielding different wear behaviors on the mating surface. The wear of the piston–cylinder interface first decreases along the film outlet to the inlet and then rises. The cylinder surface mainly exhibits abrasive, cavitation, and micro-convex scratch wear, whereas the piston surface mainly shows cavitation wear. The results obtained in this study are of considerable significance as they reveal the tribological properties of the piston–cylinder interface under the surface topography effect.
The sustained effects of extending cardiac rehabilitation with a six-month telemonitoring and telecoaching programme on fitness, quality of life, cardiovascular risk factors and care utilisation in CAD patients: The TeleCaRe study
Authors: Snoek Johan A , Meindersma Esther P , Prins Leonie F , van’t Hof Arnoud WJ , de Boer Menko-Jan , Hopman Maria T , Eijsvogels Thijs MH , de Kluiver Ed P
Published: November 2019

Introduction

The aim of this study was to assess the acute and sustained effects of a six-month heart-rate-based telerehabilitation programme, following the completion of cardiac rehabilitation (CR), on peak oxygen uptake (peakVO2), quality of life (QoL), cardiovascular risk factors and care utilisation in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods

A total of 122 patients with CAD were randomised, after the completion of CR, to an intervention group with six months of telemonitoring and telecoaching (TELE) or a control group with a traditional six-month follow-up programme with monthly calls (CON). The primary outcome was peakVO2 at 12 months, to assess the sustained effects of TELE. The secondary outcomes included QoL, cardiovascular risk factors (lipid spectrum), major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and habitual physical activity.

Results

PeakVO2 increased significantly from baseline to 12 months in TELE (+2.5 mL·kg−1min−1 (95% CI 1.5–3.2)) and CON (+1.9 mL·kg−1min−1 (95% CI 1.0–2.5)), and did not differ between groups (P = 0.28). Similarly, QoL (P = 0.31), total cholesterol (P = 0.45), MACE (P = 0.86) did not differ between groups and in time.

Discussion

Extending CR with a heart-rate-based telerehabilitation programme did not yield additional sustainable health benefits compared with regular care with monthly telephone calls. These observations highlight that both telerehabilitation and regular care with monthly telephone calls may prevent the typically observed reductions in peakVO2 following the completion of a CR programme.Trial registration: Dutch Trial Register NL4140 (registered 6 December 2014)
Consumer theory’s narcissism epidemic: Towards a theoretical framework that differentiates the self and other
Authors: Hartley Todd Bruce Allen
Published: November 2019

This article critically engages with Russell Belk’s ‘extended self’ theory and Susan Fournier’s ‘human relationship model’. When a human development model is applied to the ‘extended self’ theory, Belk appears to equate the psychology of infants with consumerism in general – an inability to differentiate between the self and other. Fournier concludes that when consumers think about brands as if they were human, endowing inanimate brand objects with personality qualities, the object becomes animated, facilitating a ‘relationship dyad’. However, she confuses ‘dyad’ with the projection of the self onto objects, what psychoanalytic theory suggests is a classic symptom of narcissism. Devoid of any (psychological) understanding of narcissism, these theorists do not make connections between narcissism and its behavioural patterns exhibited in contemporary consumer culture. While the culture of consumption facilitates associations and projections of the self onto objects through a steady flow of fantasy, encouraging consumers to blur self-other distinctions, it does not necessarily follow that all consumers are unable to differentiate between the self and other. Through examining the complex symbolism and powerful repositories of meaning that consumers project onto objects, our understanding of how consumers interact with products will be deepened; by (re-)inserting the unconscious into consumer theory, the self-other divide emerges.
Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Promote Angiogenesis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by VEGF-Mediated EZH2/VASH1 Pathway
Authors: Huang Bin , Huang Manping , Li Qin
Published: November 2019

Background:

Hepatocellular carcinoma is a highly vascularized tumor, so it is critical to study its angiogenesis. Cancer-associated fibroblasts and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 play an important role in tumor angiogenesis and became significant hallmarks of cancer. But the relationship between enhancer of zeste homolog-2 and cancer-associated fibroblasts in response to angiogenesis and its precise mechanism remains unclear.

Methods:

The separation of cancer-associated fibroblasts was identified by immunofluorescence. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide analysis was used to reveal the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Vascular endothelial growth factor level was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The wound healing, transwell, and vascular tube formation assays were used to identify the capability of migration, invasion, and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro. The detection of tumor angiogenesis was also performed in vivo. Finally, the level of enhancer of zeste homolog-2 and vasohibin 1 were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting.

Results:

In comparison to control and condition medium noncancerous fibroblasts groups, the condition medium cancer-associated fibroblasts could significantly promote the proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. We found that cancer-associated fibroblasts promoted angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells via vascular endothelial growth factor secretion in vitro and in vivo. The upregulation of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 by vascular endothelial growth factor inhibited the expression of vasohibin 1, thus promoting the proliferation and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Taken together, the cancer-associated fibroblasts of hepatocellular carcinoma regulate the enhancer of zeste homolog-2/vasohibin 1 pathway via vascular endothelial growth factor secretion, thereby promoting the proliferation and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

Conclusion:

Our study identified the relationship between cancer-associated fibroblasts and enhancer of zeste homolog-2 and confirmed the pivotal role of cancer-associated fibroblasts in angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer-associated fibroblasts promote angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma by vascular endothelial growth factor–mediated enhancer of zeste homolog-2/vasohibin 1 pathway and may be a potentially useful therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma.
Periodontal therapy increases neutrophil extracellular trap degradation
Authors: Moonen Carolyn GJ , Buurma Kirsten GD , Faruque Mouri RJ , Balta Maria G , Liefferink Erol , Bizzarro Sergio , Nicu Elena A , Loos Bruno G
Published: November 2019

In periodontitis, polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) are activated. They entrap and eliminate pathogens by releasing neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Abnormal NET degradation is part of a pro-inflammatory status, affecting co-morbidities such as cardiovascular disease. We aimed to investigate the ex vivo NET degradation capacity of plasma from periodontitis patients compared to controls (part 1) and to quantify NET degradation before and after periodontal therapy (part 2). Fresh NETs were obtained by stimulating blood-derived PMNs with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Plasma samples from untreated periodontitis patients and controls were incubated for 3 h onto freshly generated NETs (part 1). Similarly, for part 2, NET degradation was studied for 91 patients before and 3, 6 and 12 mo after non-surgical periodontal therapy with and without adjunctive systemic antibiotics. Finally, NET degradation was fluorospectrometrically quantified. NET degradation levels did not differ between periodontitis patients and controls, irrespective of subject-related background characteristics. NET degradation significantly increased from 65.6 ± 1.7% before periodontal treatment to 75.7 ± 1.2% at 3 mo post periodontal therapy, and this improvement was maintained at 6 and 12 mo, irrespective of systemic usage of antibiotics. Improved NET degradation after periodontitis treatment is another systemic biomarker reflecting a decreased pro-inflammatory status, which also contributes to an improved cardiovascular condition.
Response and relapse rates after treatment with long‐acting somatostatin analogs in multifocal or recurrent type‐1 gastric carcinoids: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Rossi Roberta Elisa , Invernizzi Pietro , Mazzaferro Vincenzo , Massironi Sara
Published: November 2019

Background

Type‐1 gastric neuroendocrine tumors represent a recurring disease and long‐acting somatostatin analogs can inhibit both gastrin release and endocrine cell proliferation. The efficacy and timing of this treatment are still unclear. We performed a systematic review of the literature to clarify the role of somatostatin analog treatment in type‐1 gastric neuroendocrine tumors.

Methods

A computerized literature search was performed using relevant keywords to identify all the pertinent articles published in the last 15 years.

Results

Eight studies were included in this systematic review on somatostatin analogs in type‐1 gastric neuroendocrine tumors. A complete response rate ranged from 25–100%. When only the six prospective studies were considered, no significant heterogeneity was observed, and the pooled cumulative complete response rate was 84.5% (confidence interval 73.8–92.8). Three studies evaluated the type‐1 gastric neuroendocrine tumor recurrence, with a cumulative relapse rate of 30.2% (confidence interval 13.1–50.6) after 34 months.

Conclusion

Somatostatin analogs, namely lanreotide and octreotide, have an excellent response rate, with a good safety profile in selected type‐1 gastric neuroendocrine tumors, which cannot be safely managed by endoscopic follow‐up or resection due to multiple or frequently recurring disease. After therapy discontinuation, the cumulative relapse rate observed after a median 34‐month follow‐up was relatively high (30.2%).