bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A high throughput deep amplicon sequencing method to show the emergence and spread ofCalicophoron daubneyiin United Kingdom cattle herds
Authors: Sargison Neil D. , Shahzad Kashif , Mazeri Stella , Chaudhry Umer
Published: January 2019

The prevalence ofC. daubneyiinfection in the United Kingdom has increased, but despite the potential for rumen flukes to cause production loss in ruminant livestock, understanding of their emergence and spread is poor. Here we describe the development of a method to explore the multiplicity ofC. daubneyiinfection and patterns of the parasite’s emergence and spread, based on Illumina MiSeq deep sequencing of meta barcoded amplicons of a fragment of the mt-COX-1 locus. Our results show high levels of genetic diversity per infection and between populations of 10 to 47 of adultC. daubneyi, each from a total of 32 finished prime cattle consigned to slaughter from northern United Kingdom; with 18 unique mt-COX-1 haplotypes. This has implications for the adaptability of environmental and intermediate host stages of the parasite to changing climatic and animal management conditions, or of parasitic stages to exposure to anthelmintic drugs; potentially allowing for greater pathogenicity, or the development of anthelmintic resistance, respectively. Our results illustrate the impact of high levels of animal movements in the United Kingdom, whereby multiple common mt-COX-1 haplotypes were identified in 26 populations in the absence of geographical clustering of clades.
Safety profiling of genetically engineered Pim-1 kinase overexpression for oncogenicity risk in human c-kit+ cardiac interstitial cells
Authors: Broughton Kathleen , Korski Kelli , Echeagaray Oscar , Adamson Robert , Dembitsky Walter , Lu Zhibing , Schaefer Erik , Sussman Mark A.
Published: January 2019

Advanced approaches to stem cell-based therapies is necessary for myocardial regenerative therapy because treatments have yielded modest results in the clinic. Our group previously demonstrated genetic modification of cardiac stem cells with Pim-1 kinase overexpression rejuvenated aged cells and potentiated myocardial repair. Despite these encouraging findings, concerns were raised regarding oncogenic risk associated with Pim-1 kinase overexpression. Testing of these c-kit+ cardiac interstitial cells (cCICs), derived from heart failure patient samples, overexpressing Pim-1 (cCICs-Pim-1) for indices of oncogenic risk was assessed by soft agar colony formation, micronucleation, gamma-Histone 2AX foci, and transcriptome profiling. Collectively, findings demonstrate comparable phenotypic and biological properties of cCICsPim-1 compared to baseline control cCICs with no evidence for oncogenic phenotype. Using a highly-selective and continuous sensor for quantitative assessment of PIM1 kinase activity, a 7-fold increase in cCICs-Pim-1 versus cCICs resulted. Kinase activity was elevated in IKKs, AKT/SGK, CDK1-3, p38, and ERK1/2 in addition to Pim-1, correlating Pim-1 overexpression to contribute to Pim-1-mediated effects. Enhancement of cellular survival, proliferation, and other beneficial properties to augment stem cell-mediated repair without oncogenic risk is a feasible, logical, and safe approach to improve efficacy and overcome current limitations inherent to cellular adoptive transfer therapeutic interventions.
IAS-38 disclosure compliance and corporate governance: evidence from an emerging market
Authors: Agyei-Mensah Ben Kwame
Published: January 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the possible corporate governance attributes that can influence companies in Ghana to disclose intangible assets in their annual reports to stakeholders.

Design/methodology/approach

A data set from 110 firms in Ghana for the year ending of 2016 was used. Each annual report was individually examined and coded to obtain the disclosure of intangible asset information index. Descriptive analysis was performed to provide the background statistics of the variables examined. This was followed by regression analysis, which forms the main data analysis method.

Findings

A large proportion of companies disclosed that the useful lives of intangible assets (either acquired or internally generated) are finite and also disclosed their useful lives or the amortisation rates used. Auditor type, industry type and leverage were the factors influencing the compliance with IAS 38 disclosure requirements.

Originality/value

This is the first study in Ghana that considered the impact of corporate governance factors on IAS 38 information disclosures. This study contributes to the literature on the relationship between corporate governance and disclosure by showing that the disclosure of intangible asset information in Ghana is associated with Auditor type, industry type and leverage.
Brand avoidance – a services perspective
Authors: Berndt Adele , Petzer Daniel J. , Mostert Pierre
Published: January 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to gain insight into brand avoidance of service brands and explore whether the different types of brand avoidance identified in a product context apply to service providers.

Design/methodology/approach

Because of the exploratory nature of the study, the critical incident method and semi-structured interviews were used to achieve the purpose of the study.

Findings

The findings suggest that five types of brand avoidance, as identified in studies involving product brands, can be identified as impacting service brands. In addition, the findings show that advertising avoidance should be expanded to communication avoidance because of the multifarious communication influences that were identified. The study proposes a framework to deepen the understanding of the types of brand avoidance affecting service brands.

Research limitations/implications

Since the different types of brand avoidance previously identified are also evident in a services environment, service providers should develop strategies to deal with the different types of service brand avoidance. The findings are broad in scope because of the exploratory nature of the study, and a detailed analysis of each type of service brand avoidance is still required.

Originality/value

This paper focuses on the various types of brand avoidance and their manifestation in the services context. The study contributes by showing that the broader concept of communication, not only advertising, should be considered when studying brand avoidance in a service context.
Ambidextrous leadership, entrepreneurial orientation and job crafting
Authors: Luu Tuan Trong , Dinh Khai , Qian David
Published: January 2019

Purpose

The interaction between opening and closing behaviors of ambidextrous leadership produces “change” energy among employees. The purpose of this paper is to assess the role of ambidextrous leadership in fostering job crafting via entrepreneurial orientation. The paper also seeks an insight into how organizational social exchange moderates the effect of ambidextrous leadership on entrepreneurial orientation.

Design/methodology/approach

Research data were garnered from 427 supervisor–subordinate dyads from software companies in the Vietnamese business context.

Findings

Research findings corroborated the positive relationship between ambidextrous leadership and entrepreneurial orientation, which is positively associated with job crafting. Research results also provided evidence for the mediation role of entrepreneurial orientation for the positive link between ambidextrous leadership and job crafting, as well as for the moderation role of organizational social exchange for the effect of ambidextrous leadership on entrepreneurial orientation.

Originality/value

Research findings have extended ambidexterity theory of leadership by identifying job crafting as an outcome of ambidextrous leadership and entrepreneurial orientation as a mediator for this relationship.
Reshaping traditional marketing mix to include social media participation
Authors: Pantano Eleonora , Priporas Constantinos-Vasilios , Migliano Giuseppe
Published: January 2019

Purpose

Due to the emergent use of social media for marketing purposes, and the limited number of studies focusing on the use of social media by firms, the purpose of this paper is to explore the inclusion of social networks in the traditional marketing mix models.

Design/methodology/approach

A sample of 20 small and large Italian liquor producers was used, and their Facebook profiles were content analyzed.

Findings

The results provide evidence about the emerging shift from the use of social media for communication purposes through static advertising (characterized by pictures and slogans), to its use as an interactive channel that can influence consumers’ purchasing behaviour through multimedia tools (i.e. games and interactive applications able to solicit users’ interest), by emphasizing the extent to which a higher level of participation by a firm involves a higher level of consumer interaction. The findings also suggest that the firm’s participation should be considered as a new element of the traditional marketing mix model and as an additional tool for efficient market sizing and sensing.

Originality/value

The study offers findings on actual usage of Facebook as part of marketing mix strategies based on large and small enterprises operating in the food and beverage sector, where a dearth of studies is observed. The study enhances and advances the social media and marketing literatures.
Expanding language choices to reduce stigma
Authors: Ashford Robert David , Brown Austin , Curtis Brenda
Published: January 2019

Purpose

Public perception has been found to be influenced by the words used to describe those with behavioral health disorders, such that using terms like “substance abuser” can lead to higher levels of stigma. The purpose of this paper is to identify additional stigmatizing and empowering terms that are commonly used by different stakeholders.

Design/methodology/approach

Using digital Delphi groups, the paper identifies positive and negative terms related to substance use disorder (SUD) from three distinct stakeholder groups: individuals in recovery, impacted family members and loved ones, and professionals in the treatment field.

Findings

Participants identified 60 different terms that are considered stigmatizing or positive. Previously identified stigmatizing terms (abuser, addict) were present for all stakeholder groups, as was the positive term person with a SUD. Additional stigmatizing terms for all groups included junkie and alcoholic. Additional positive terms for all groups included long-term recovery.

Social implications

The results suggest that the continued use of terms like addict, alcoholic, abuser and junkie can induce stigma in multiple stakeholders. The use of more positive terms such as person with a SUD or person in recovery is suggested to reduce stigma.

Originality/value

The use of digital Delphi groups to solicit feedback from multiple stakeholder groups from the substance use community is innovative and allows for the comparison of linguistics among and between the groups.
Mindfulness in organizations (part 1): a critical literature review
Authors: Passmore Jonathan
Published: January 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the growing science and application of mindfulness as an intervention within organizations.

Design/methodology/approach

This is the first in a pair of papers exploring the science and application of mindfulness in organizations. The first section of the paper provides a brief review of the research into mindfulness and its perceived benefits from a health perspective. In the second section, the author considers the neurobiological mechanisms behind mindfulness meditation, before finally considering the organizational research and the limitations of mindfulness at work research.

Findings

The paper notes that while there has been considerable research into health outcomes, organizational mindfulness research is still developing a comprehensive case for the wide-scale application of mindfulness.

Research limitations/implications

The paper calls for greater research into organizational mindfulness interventions through collaborations between organizations and consultants.

Practical implications

The paper calls for organizations to adopt an evidence-led approach to using mindfulness and evaluate its impact on employees and organizational performance.

Originality/value

The paper provides a starting point for trainers and organizational development professionals to take stock and consider how mindfulness can be employed as a tool for the benefit of organizations.
Work values ethic and personal discretionary non-work activities
Authors: McMurray Adela , Scott Don , Simmers Claire A.
Published: January 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the constituents of personal discretionary non-work activities and their influence on the work values ethic (WVE).

Design/methodology/approach

The constituents of personal discretionary non-work activities and their relationship to the WVE for 1,349 employees drawn from three manufacturing companies were surveyed. The data was used to test a measure of WVE, to develop a valid measure of personal discretionary non-work activities and to test a model of the relationship between personal discretionary non-work activities and a WVE.

Findings

Data obtained from the survey enabled the identification of a valid measure of personal discretionary non-work activities and the components that made up this measure. A measure of WVE was shown to be both valid and reliable, and a model of the relationship between personal discretionary non-work activities and WVE was tested.

Research limitations/implications

A positive relationship between personal discretionary non-work activities and WVE was identified. However, the study was not designed to investigate motivations and such relationships should be the subject of future research.

Practical implications

Personal discretionary non-work activities were shown to be of importance for a major proportion of the study’s respondents and to contribute to the employees’ work ethic.

Originality/value

The study has extended the non-work and work literature and has identified a formative non-work measure that was able to be tested in an overall model.
A hybrid AHP/DEA-AR model for measuring and comparing the efficiency of airports
Authors: Keskin Burak , Köksal Can Deniz
Published: January 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to employ an efficiency analysis and compare the efficiency scores of publicly or privately operated airports in Turkey.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses analytic hierarchy process, which is one of the widely known multi-criteria decision-making methods to calculate the relative weights of input and outputs. This study also uses data envelopment analysis and assurance region (AR) method to calculate the efficiency scores of airports at the empirical analysis stage.

Findings

The empirical results reveal that DEA-BCC and DEA-CCR methods produced almost the same efficiency scores, and 14 airports were found as efficient. Also, AR method was employed and under this method, it was only two airports operated by the private sector that were found as efficient. None of the publicly operated airports was found as efficient.

Practical implications

The main practical implication of this study is that publicly operated airports must improve their efficiency levels in Turkey. This situation indicates that the government policy for the aviation sector must be changed. It is not a coincidence that all publicly operated airports are inefficient. To cope with this situation, it may be a useful policy that establishes a regional airport system or applies the privatization process to all airports.

Originality/value

The most significant contribution of this study to literature is that the AR method, which was never used before in a single country’s airport performance evaluation study, was applied for the first time. Also, this technique was applied first time to Turkish airports for measuring their efficiency levels.
Centralized vs decentralized sourcing strategy for multi-tier automotive supply network
Authors: Bagul Avinash Dinkarrao , Mukherjee Indrajit
Published: January 2019

Purpose

Multiple stages of procurement for a product in a supply chain (SC) altogether form a “multi-Tier” supply network. The purpose of this paper is to develop and verify a systematic solution approach to ascertain the realistic cost advantage of a coordinated centralized sourcing strategy as compared to an isolated decentralized sourcing strategy for a multi-tier supply network under demand uncertainty.

Design/methodology/approach

The proposed systematic solution approach consists of seven steps to compare and contrast the cost advantage of a centralized coordinated sourcing strategy over a decentralized stage-wise sourcing strategy for a multi-tier supply network. A real-life automotive industry case analysis of two distinct products provides sufficient empirical evidence on the expected cost advantage of centralized coordinated sourcing strategy under demand uncertainty.

Findings

The case analysis affirms the practicability of the proposed seven-step solution approach to determine the realistic cost advantage of coordinated sourcing.

Research limitations/implications

The scope of this research is restricted to a single product and two-tier supply network analysis. This research work also considers a restrictive assumption of negligible coordination cost.

Practical implications

The suitability of the proposed solution approach is verified using real-life case examples. This research provides theoretical insights and factual evidence to SC practitioners, so as to adopt a centralized sourcing strategy in a varied manufacturing environment.

Originality/value

There is no evidence of a systematic step-by-step solution approach to determine the cost advantage of a coordinated sourcing strategy over an isolated decentralized sourcing strategy for a multi-tier supply network under demand uncertainty.
Rethinking share-of-wallet at the bottom of the pyramid: using financial diaries to observe monthly category trade-offs
Authors: Lappeman James , Chigada Joel , Pillay Pragasen
Published: January 2019

Purpose

This study provides empirical evidence for the impact that income and expenditure fluctuations have on understanding the fundamentals of BoP household share-of-wallet in South Africa.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used a longitudinal financial diary methodology to record household income in 80 households (in four different geographic areas) over four monthly waves.

Findings

The study showed the lack of reliability of aggregated population income and expenditure surveys when understanding the specific behaviour of BoP households. The study concludes that major category trade-offs occur on a monthly basis, and that these trade-offs directly impact our fundamental understanding BoP SoW.

Originality/value

While the BoP consumer theory is developing (especially in the last decade), most of the theory is focused on development and business strategy. Empirically based consumer theory is noticeably lacking, given that the BoP is the largest population segment on earth. In addition, research is largely absent of highly rigourous and in-depth quantification of consumer SoW behaviour. This study contributes to the BoP theory by examining monthly fluctuations in income and expenditure, a line of analysis not done before to this extent. In doing so, the study proposes a new metric for the measurement of category expenditure as an index of the total spend.
Local intelligence – the missing link in CTF regulation in the banking sector
Authors: Naheem Mohammed Ahmad
Published: January 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the current challenges that banking counter-terrorism financing (CTF) regulation faces in the fight against global terrorism. The paper examines the potential impact on the banking sector of the current civil cases that have been taken against several of the leading global banks by victims and their families.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper reviews current academic thinking on CTF regulation and analyses these in context of several legal challenges that have been made against some of the larger global banks, including, HSBC, the Arab Bank and NatWest.

Findings

The paper finds that current approaches towards CTF compliance are no longer a viable option for banks, as court cases have found that additional factors need to be included in risk assessment frameworks. The main finding is that risk-based approaches need to find ways to incorporate local intelligence into their risk systems and that banks can no longer rely on basic tick box compliance measures.

Research limitations/implications

There are implications for the banking and regulatory sectors developing anti-money laundering /CTF policies. There are also legal implications for the banking sector who may be seeking to defend accusations of supporting terrorism.

Originality/value

The paper’s originality is that this level of analysis of CTF regulation using legal case studies has not been followed before.
Higher education under fire: implementing and assessing a culture change for sustainment
Authors: Barrett Paul , Gaskins John , Haug James
Published: January 2019

Purpose

Leadership development is a significant organizational investment and is considered a foundation for a culture change process. In a highly disruptive environment, higher education administrators are investigating the potential benefits of this investment. Specifically, while the great recession was underway in 2010, and with a backdrop of continuous enrollment decline, a business school in a public university in the USA utilized an experimental design to test a globally recognized business model for leadership development and its impacts on leadership effectiveness. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

The intervention included a two-day training session followed by a year-long process for cementing in learning, while examining ensuing leadership effectiveness. Potential control variables in the model included measures of four dimensions of leadership fitness which were defined as the physical, socio-emotional, spiritual and mental dimensions. When the leadership development intervention showed promising results the business school forged ahead to implement a culture change process based on the leadership development intervention to foster teamwork and innovation.

Findings

As a longitudinal implementation and assessment process, subsequent results of the culture change process spurred year over year increases in enrollments, student retention, student placement, along with consistently escalating faculty research and academic program rankings. The culture change process spread organically from the business school throughout the university as a whole with similar positive impacts.

Research limitations/implications

Implications, including an assertion that leadership development is a viable tool for higher education’s organizational sustainment are discussed.

Originality/value

Future research opportunities of institutional outcomes in higher education due to a systemic investment in annual culture enhancement are also discussed.
Providing support and therapy for victims and survivors of child sexual exploitation
Authors: Frost Nick
Published: January 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the public mental health challenges arising in the field of child sexual exploitation (CSE) from the perspective of frontline professionals.

Design/methodology/approach

The methods included semi-structured face-to-face individual interviews (n=6) and focus groups (two groups with a total of eight participants = 8), all participants work with CSE-experienced young people.

Findings

Professionals report how they offer support and therapy to CSE-experienced young people. Findings are outlined in relation to support, therapeutic interventions, multi-agency working, what works and the challenges and issues faced in their professional roles.

Research limitations/implications

The paper reports briefly on a substantial amount of data. A further limitation is that there is a need to gather data directly from the perspective of young people.

Practical implications

The high quality of work undertaken and the need to further develop therapeutic work with the CSE-experienced young people emerges from the findings.

Social implications

CSE is a high-profile public health issue which attracts considerable public and political attention.

Originality/value

The data gathered reflect the contemporary views of frontline professionals in a challenging and complex field of practice.
Understanding knowledge sharing in virtual communities: a network perspective
Authors: Deng Xiao , Guo Kun
Published: January 2019

Purpose

As more and more people are beginning to take virtual communities (VC) as effective communication channels and the main places to get information and knowledge, understanding the factors that can support or hinder one’s knowledge sharing seems important for the management of VCs. The purpose of this paper is to explore the antecedents that influence people’s knowledge sharing in VCs, and to explore influence mechanism and the boundary condition of how the antecedent affect people’s knowledge sharing in VCs.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted empirical research to test our hypotheses. The authors designed a questionnaire based on previous research and collected the questionnaires from seven VCs in China, including two specific topic-based forums in Baidu Tieba which is the largest Chinese online communication platform, three in traditional university bulletin board system (BBS) forums and another two based on instant messaging service. The final sample the authors got included 96 individuals. Then the authors used the hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) technique to analysis the data.

Findings

The results suggest that community member’s attachment can be a strong indicator of his/her knowledge-sharing intention which will possibly lead to knowledge-sharing behavior. However, this effect can be contingent on individual centrality and community member fluctuations. In a stable community, those who are in the peripheral position are more likely to transfer their attachment into knowledge sharing because they have the intention to move into central positions and knowledge sharing can help them gain status. While in an unstable environment, it does not make any difference between people in different position in the social network.

Originality/value

First, this paper reveals member’s attachment as the antecedent of people’s knowledge sharing in VCs. Second, this paper adopts a network perspective to construct the research model. And the basic point made is that knowledge sharing can be seen as a channel to attain status and centrality in a community. Thus, people who are in periphery positions are more likely to transfer their community attachment into knowledge-sharing intention. Third, this paper emphasizes the dynamic characteristic of members in VCs and proves the moderation effect of community member fluctuations.
Data paper: Long‐term litter production in a lowland dipterocarp forest, Peninsular Malaysia from 1992 to 2017
Authors: Niiyama Kaoru , Ripin Azizi , Yasuda Masatoshi , Sato Tamotsu , Zamah Shari Nur H.
Published: January 2019

Tropical rainforests in Southeast Asia dominated by Dipterocarpaceae show a unique reproductive event, general flowering. This paper records long‐term seed production of a tropical rainforest in Pasoh Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia. Study site is a lowland dipterocarp forest dominated by Dipterocarpaceae and Fabaceae. Seed and other litter production data are essential for analyzing general flowering and evaluating net primary production (NPP) of rainforest ecosystems under climate change. Unfortunately, there is a lack of long‐term litter production data in Dipterocarp forests. This paper presents such a long‐term litter data from 1992 to 2017. We collected litter samples every month from May 1992 to December 2017 in Pasoh F.R., Peninsular Malaysia (2°59′N, 102°18′E, 120–152 m a.s.l.). Litter was collected using 100 litter traps spaced evenly within a 2‐ha core area of the 6‐ha study plot. Each litter trap was made of 1 mm mesh with a circular area of 0.5 m2 from May 8, 1992 to December 22, 1998. Then litter trap was changed to a square type with 4 mm mesh until now. Litter samples were collected and separated to leaf, flower, seed and others (debris). After sorting litter samples were dried at 85°C for 48 hr and weighed. Seeds and flowers were separated according to tentative morphological types and identified. This data paper contains two data sets. Litter data set contains weight of each litter fractions. Seed data set contains number and weight of morphological seed types and identified scientific name.
The role of matrix metalloproteinase‐9 in negative reinforcement learning and plasticity in alcohol dependence
Authors: Go Bok Soon , Sirohi Sunil , Walker Brendan M.
Published: January 2019

A role for matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in plasticity‐dependent learning has been established. MMPs degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM) when synaptic reorganization is warranted. Previously, we showed that escalation of alcohol self‐administration is a learned plasticity‐dependent process that requires an intact MMP system. To identify the MMP subtypes within specific brain regions that are associated with plasticity underlying the negative reinforcing effects of alcohol (as measured by escalated alcohol self‐administration) during acute withdrawal in alcohol dependence, male Wistar rats were trained to self‐administer alcohol in an operant paradigm, subjected to one month of intermittent alcohol vapor exposure to induce alcohol dependence and then allowed to self‐administer alcohol during repeated acute withdrawal self‐administration sessions. Subsequently, rat brains were extracted after initial or stable escalated alcohol self‐administration phases of acute withdrawal and analyzed by immunoblot to detect MMP‐2, ‐3, and ‐9 levels in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, central amygdala (CeA), hippocampus, and nucleus accumbens (NAc). The results showed that MMP‐9 expression in the CeA and NAc of alcohol‐dependent rats was increased, however, MMP‐9 expression in the ACC was decreased during negative reinforcement learning. Subsequently, the importance of plasticity mediated by MMP‐9 in escalated alcohol self‐administration during acute withdrawal was functionally assessed through site‐specific intra‐CeA MMP‐9 inhibition during repeated acute withdrawal self‐administration sessions. MMP‐9 inhibition prevented acute withdrawal‐induced escalation of alcohol self‐administration in a manner that was not confounded by locomotor effects or a permanent inability to learn about the negative reinforcing effects of alcohol.
Risk of having one lifetime pregnancy and modification by outcome of pregnancy and perinatal loss
Authors: Pirnat Aleksandra , DeRoo Lisa A. , Skjærven Rolv , Morken Nils‐Halvdan
Published: January 2019

Introduction

With increasing cesarean section rates, adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm delivery and small‐for‐gestational‐age continue to be public health challenges. Besides having high co‐occurrence and interrelation, it is suggested that these outcomes, along with preeclampsia, are associated with reduced subsequent fertility. On the other hand, the loss of a child during the perinatal period is associated with increased reproduction. Failure to consider this factor when estimating the effects of pregnancy outcomes on future reproduction may lead to erroneous conclusions. However, few studies have explored to what degree a perinatal loss contributes to having a next pregnancy in various adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Material and methods

This was a population‐based study of mothers giving birth to their first singleton infant (≥22 gestational weeks) during 1967‐2007 who were followed for the occurrence of a second birth in the Medical Birth Registry of Norway until 2014. Relative risks with 95% confidence intervals for having one lifetime pregnancy by preterm delivery, small‐for‐gestational‐age, preeclampsia and cesarean section were obtained by generalized linear models for the binary family and adjusted for maternal age at first birth, education and year of first childbirth. Main outcome measure was having one lifetime pregnancy.

Results

Nearly 900 000 women gave birth to their first singleton infant in 1967‐2007, of which 16% had only one lifetime pregnancy. These women were older at first delivery, had less education and there was a higher proportion of unmarried women than women with two or more births. In women with pregnancy complications where the infant survived the perinatal period, there were the following relative risks for one lifetime pregnancy: increased preterm delivery: 1.21 (1.19‐1.22)], small‐for‐gestational‐age: 1.13 (1.12‐1.15), preeclampsia: 1.09 (1.07‐1.11), cesarean section: 1.24 (1.23‐1.25). The risk was significantly reduced if the child was lost (preterm delivery: 0.63 [0.59‐0.68], small‐for‐gestational‐age: 0.57 [0.51‐0.63], preeclampsia: 0.69 [0.59‐0.80], cesarean section: 0.67 [0.56‐0.79]), compared with women with no perinatal loss and no adverse outcome.

Conclusions

The associations between adverse outcomes of pregnancy and the risk of having one lifetime pregnancy were strongly modified by child survival in the perinatal period.
A New Privacy Paradox? Youth Agentic Practices of Privacy Management Despite “Nothing to Hide” Online
Authors: Adorjan Michael , Ricciardelli Rosemary
Published: January 2019

Focus groups conducted with Canadian teenagers examining their perceptions and experiences with cyber risk, center on various privacy strategies geared for impression management across popular social network sites (SNS). We highlight privacy concerns as a primary reason for a gravitation away from Facebook toward newer, more popular sites such as Instagram and Snapchat, as well as debates about the permeability of privacy on Snapchat in particular. The privacy paradox identifies a disjuncture between what is said about privacy and what is done in practice. It refers to declarations from youth that they are highly concerned for privacy, yet frequently disregard privacy online through “oversharing” and neglecting privacy management. However, our participants, especially older teens, invoked a different mindset: that they have “nothing to hide” online and therefore do not consider privacy relevant for them. Despite this mindset, the strategies we highlight suggest a new permutation of the privacy paradox, rooted in a pragmatic adaptation to the technological affordances of SNS, and wider societal acquiescence to the debasement of privacy online.
Experiences of the maternal role and support in mothers with cognitive limitations who have children in placement
Authors: Janeslätt Gunnel , Jöreskog Karin , Lindstedt Helena , Adolfsson Päivi
Published: January 2019

In Sweden, when needed, children of mothers with cognitive limitations are placed in foster homes. There is a lack of knowledge about the mothers with cognitive limitations, their experiences of their maternal role, whether they get the support needed to maintain the relationship with their children, and whether the support system is adapted to mothers with cognitive limitations. The aim was to describe the experiences of the maternal role and support given in mothers with cognitive limitations who have children in placement. An explorative and qualitative design was used. Eleven respondents were interviewed with support from a study‐specific guide. A model representing the respondents' experiences revealed one theme “Struggling, dependent and frustrated mothers,” and three categories: I am a mother, I am dependent on an incomprehensible system, and I reluctantly accept my situation. Mothers with children in placement experience a threat to their identity and experience a need to alter their maternal role. They need adapted support to understand the decisions made and facilitate the cooperation with child protection services and the foster home. Offering service adapted to their cognitive limitations could be helpful for the struggling, dependent, and frustrated mothers.
Children's Engagement as Urban Researchers and Consultants in Aotearoa/New Zealand: Can it Increase Children's Effective Participation in Urban Planning?
Authors: Carroll Penelope , Witten Karen , Asiasiga Lanuola , Lin En‐Yi
Published: January 2019

Children conducting research and engaging in ‘adult’ domains such as urban planning challenge perceptions of children as merely ‘adult becomings’ — perceptions which, along with lack of pathways for participation, have largely excluded children from effective participation in the public realm. This paper considers two urban participatory projects in Aotearoa/New Zealand: in the first, children (10–13 years) researched peer perceptions of Auckland city life; in the second, they were consulted by Auckland Council on the redevelopment of a city square. We reflect on processes and outcomes, and the extent to which facilitating such projects may increase children's meaningful participation in urban planning.
Incorporating Demographic Embeddings Into Language Understanding
Authors: Garten Justin , Kennedy Brendan , Hoover Joe , Sagae Kenji , Dehghani Morteza
Published: January 2019

Meaning depends on context. This applies in obvious cases like deictics or sarcasm as well as more subtle situations like framing or persuasion. One key aspect of this is the identity of the participants in an interaction. Our interpretation of an utterance shifts based on a variety of factors, including personal history, background knowledge, and our relationship to the source. While obviously an incomplete model of individual differences, demographic factors provide a useful starting point and allow us to capture some of this variance. However, the relevance of specific demographic factors varies between situations—where age might be the key factor in one context, ideology might dominate in another. To address this challenge, we introduce a method for combining demographics and context into situated demographic embeddings—mapping representations into a continuous geometric space appropriate for the given domain, showing the resulting representations to be functional and interpretable. We further demonstrate how to make use of related external data so as to apply this approach in low‐resource situations. Finally, we show how these representations can be incorporated into improve modeling of real‐world natural language understanding tasks, improving model performance and helping with issues of data sparsity.
Discourse Coherence as a Cue to Reference in Word Learning: Evidence for Discourse Bootstrapping
Authors: Sullivan Jessica , Boucher Juliana , Kiefer Reina J. , Williams Katherine , Barner David
Published: January 2019

Word learning depends critically on the use of linguistic context to constrain the likely meanings of words. However, the mechanisms by which children infer word meaning from linguistic context are still poorly understood. In this study, we asked whether adults (n = 58) and 2‐ to 6‐year‐old children (n = 180) use discourse coherence relations (i.e., the meaningful relationships between elements within a discourse) to constrain their interpretation of novel words. Specifically, we showed participants videos of novel animals exchanging objects. These videos were accompanied by a linguistic description of the events in which we manipulated a single word within a sentence (and vs. because) in order to alter the causal and temporal relations between the events in the discourse (e.g., “One animal handed the baby to the other animal [and/because] the baby started crying in the talfa's arms”). We then asked participants which animal (the giver or the receiver) was the referent of the novel word. Across two experiments, we found evidence that young children used the causal and temporal relations in each discourse to constrain their interpretations of novel words.
The Minds of God(s) and Humans: Differences in Mind Perception in Fiji and North America
Authors: Willard Aiyana K. , McNamara Rita A.
Published: January 2019

Previous research suggests that how people conceive of minds depends on the culture in which they live, both in determining how they interact with other human minds and how they infer the unseen minds of gods. We use exploratory factor analysis to compare how people from different societies with distinct models of human minds and different religious traditions perceive the minds of humans and gods. In two North American samples (American adults,N = 186; Canadian students,N = 202), we replicated a previously found two‐factor agency/experience structure for both human and divine minds, but in Fijian samples (IndigenousiTaukei Fijians,N = 77; Fijians of Indian descent,N = 214; totalN = 679) we found a three‐factor structure, with the additional containing items related to social relationships. Further, Fijians’ responses revealed a different three‐factor structure for human minds and gods’ minds. We used these factors as dimensions in the conception of minds to predict (a) expectations about human and divine tendencies towards punishment and reward; and (b) conception of gods as more embodied (an extension of experience) or more able to know people's thoughts (an extension of agency). We found variation in how these factors predict conceptions of agents across groups, indicating further theory is needed to explain how culturally generated concepts of mind lead to other sorts of social inferences. We conclude that mind perception is shaped by culturally defined social expectations and recommend further work in different cultural contexts to examine the interplay between culture and social cognition.
Learning Words Via Reading: Contextual Diversity, Spacing, and Retrieval Effects in Adults
Authors: Pagán Ascensión , Nation Kate
Published: January 2019

We examined whether variations in contextual diversity, spacing, and retrieval practice influenced how well adults learned new words from reading experience. Eye movements were recorded as adults read novel words embedded in sentences. In the learning phase, unfamiliar words were presented either in the same sentence repeated four times (same context) or in four different sentences (diverse context). Spacing was manipulated by presenting the sentences under distributed or non‐distributed practice. After learning, half of the participants were asked to retrieve the new words, and half had an extra exposure to the new words. Although words experienced in diverse contexts were acquired more slowly during learning, they enjoyed a greater benefit of learning at immediate posttest. Distributed practice also slowed learning, but no benefit was observed at posttest. Although participants who had an extra exposure showed the greatest learning benefit overall, learning also benefited from retrieval opportunity, when words were experienced in diverse contexts. These findings demonstrate that variation in the content and structure of the learning environment impacts on word learning via reading.
Colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection with a scissor‐type knife and a traction device
Authors: Matsumura Shinya , Yoshida Naohisa , Inoue Ken
Published: January 2019

Watch a video of this article
Emergent endoscopic ultrasonography‐guided antegrade treatment for acute biliary pancreatitis in a patient with altered gastrointestinal anatomy
Authors: Hashimoto Shinichi , Fujita Toshihiro , Ido Akio
Published: January 2019

Watch a video of this article
Violence and Latin‐American preadolescents: A study of social brain function and cortisol levels
Authors: Buchweitz Augusto , de Azeredo Lucas Araújo , Sanvicente-Vieira Breno , Metsavaht Cará Valentina , Bianchini Esper Nathália , Soder Ricardo Bernardi , da Costa Jaderson Costa , Portuguez Mirna Wetters , Franco Alexandre Rosa , Grassi‐Oliveira Rodrigo
Published: January 2019

The present study investigated exposure to violence and its association with brain function and hair cortisol concentrations in Latin‐American preadolescents. Self‐reported victimization scores (JVQ‐R2), brain imaging (fMRI) indices for a social cognition task (the ‘eyes test’), and hair cortisol concentrations were investigated, for the first time, in this population. The eyes test is based on two conditions: attributing mental state or sex to pictures of pairs of eyes (Baron‐Cohen, Wheelwright, Hill, Raste, & Plumb, 2001). The results showed an association among higher victimization scores and (a) less activation of posterior temporoparietal right‐hemisphere areas, in the mental state condition only (including right temporal sulcus and fusiform gyrus); (b) higher functional connectivity indices for the Amygdala and Right Fusiform Gyrus (RFFG) pair of brain regions, also in the mental state condition only; (c) higher hair cortisol concentrations. The results suggest more exposure to violence is associated with significant differences in brain function and connectivity. A putative mechanism of less activation in posterior right‐hemisphere regions and of synchronized Amygdala:RFFGtime series was identified in the mental state condition only. The results also suggest measurable effects of exposure to violence in hair cortisol concentrations, which contribute to the reliability of self‐reported scores by young adolescents. The findings are discussed in light of the effects of exposure to violence on brain function and on social‐cognitive development in the adolescent brain. A video abstract of this article can be viewed athttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qHcXq7Y9PBk
The impact of unequal regional distribution of fiscal resources on China’s post‐reform economic growth
Authors: Huang Jr‐Tsung , Chang Ming‐Lei
Published: January 2019

Motivation

The relationship between unequal fiscal resources among regions and China’s economic growth remains unclear due to its possibly different short‐ and long‐run directions. This study considers the role of unequal fiscal resources among regions in China’s economic growth.

Purpose

The article develops an empirical model to investigate the effect of unequal regional distribution of fiscal resources on China’s economic growth in the short and long run in the post‐reform period.

Approach and Methods

A time‐series data during the 1979–2010 period is used, adopting the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach plus co‐integration with two indicators of inequality, the GINI coefficient (GINI) and coefficient of variance (CV), calculated from different components of provincial fiscal revenue. Six model specifications of the ARDL plus co‐integration equation are estimated.

Findings

The primary finding is that, in the short run, China’s regional fiscal distribution inequality has a negative one‐year lagged effect on its economic growth as the fiscal subsidy from central government is considered. However, the long‐run equilibrium relationship between fiscal inequality and economic growth in China is positive during the research period.

Policy Implications

As China is pursuing sustainable economic growth and trying ultimately to achieve equal regional development, this study thus suggests that China should continue to support the principle of ‘let some people grow rich first’, perhaps implying that some regions should have more fiscal resources to develop successfully first. This will eventually benefit the country’s overall economic development.
Infestation of the orchid Cephalanthera spp. by Parallelomma vittatum (Meigen, 1826) (Diptera: Scathophagidae) in Japan
Authors: Suetsugu Kenji , Kitamura Shumpei , Sueyoshi Masahiro
Published: January 2019

It is important to understand the interactions between orchids and their herbivores, especially considering the rarity of most orchids and the potential negative effects of pests on orchid reproduction. Here, we report the infestation of leaves of Cephalanthera spp. orchids by Parallelomma vittatum (Scathophagidae) in Japan. The present study represents the first report of P. vittatum on orchid hosts in Asia.