bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Colonization of the Mediterranean basin by the vector biting midge species Culicoides imicola: an old story
Authors: Jacquet S. , Garros C. , Lombaert E. , Walton C. , Restrepo J. , Allene X. , Baldet T. , Cetre‐Sossah C. , Chaskopoulou A. , Delecolle J.‐C. , Desvars A. , Djerbal M. , Fall M. , Gardes L. , de Garine‐Wichatitsky M. , Goffredo M. , Gottlieb Y. , Gueye Fall A. , Kasina M. , Labuschagne K. , Lhor Y. , Lucientes J. , Martin T. , Mathieu B. , Miranda M. , Pages N. , Pereira da Fonseca I. , Ramilo D. W. , Segard A. , Setier‐Rio M.‐L. , Stachurski F. , Tabbabi A. , Talla Seck M. , Venter G. , Zimba M. , Balenghien T. , Guis H. , Chevillon C. , Bouyer J. , Huber K.
Published: October 2015

Understanding the demographic history and genetic make‐up of colonizing species is critical for inferring population sources and colonization routes. This is of main interest for designing accurate control measures in areas newly colonized by vector species of economically important pathogens. The biting midge Culicoides imicola is a major vector of orbiviruses to livestock. Historically, the distribution of this species was limited to the Afrotropical region. Entomological surveys first revealed the presence of C. imicola in the south of the Mediterranean basin by the 1970s. Following recurrent reports of massive bluetongue outbreaks since the 1990s, the presence of the species was confirmed in northern areas. In this study, we addressed the chronology and processes of C. imicola colonization in the Mediterranean basin. We characterized the genetic structure of its populations across Mediterranean and African regions using both mitochondrial and nuclear markers, and combined phylogeographical analyses with population genetics and approximate Bayesian computation. We found a west/east genetic differentiation between populations, occurring both within Africa and within the Mediterranean basin. We demonstrated that three of these groups had experienced demographic expansions in the Pleistocene, probably because of climate changes during this period. Finally, we showed that C. imicola could have colonized the Mediterranean basin in the Late Pleistocene or Early Holocene through a single event of introduction; however, we cannot exclude the hypothesis involving two routes of colonization. Thus, the recent bluetongue outbreaks are not linked to C. imicola colonization event, but rather to biological changes in the vector or the virus.
The origin and genetic differentiation of the socially parasitic aphidTamalia inquilinus
Authors: Miller Donald G. , Lawson Sarah P. , Rinker David C. , Estby Heather , Abbot Patrick
Published: October 2015

Social and brood parasitisms are nonconsumptive forms of parasitism involving the exploitation of the colonies or nests of a host. Such parasites are often related to their hosts and may evolve in various ecological contexts, causing evolutionary constraints and opportunities for both parasites and their hosts. In extreme cases, patterns of diversification between social parasites and their hosts can be coupled, such that diversity of one is correlated with or even shapes the diversity of the other. Aphids in the genusTamaliainduce galls on North American manzanita (Arctostaphylos) and related shrubs (Arbutoideae) and are parasitized by nongalling social parasites or inquilines in the same genus. We usedRNAsequencing to identify and generate new gene sequences forTamaliaand performed maximum‐likelihood, Bayesian and phylogeographic analyses to reconstruct the origins and patterns of diversity and host‐associated differentiation in the genus. Our results indicate that theTamaliainquilines are monophyletic and closely related to their gall‐forming hosts onArctostaphylos, supporting a previously proposed scenario for origins of these parasitic aphids. Unexpectedly, population structure and host‐plant‐associated differentiation were greater in the non‐gall‐inducing parasites than in their gall‐inducing hosts.RNA‐seq indicated contrasting patterns of gene expression between host aphids and parasites, and perhaps functional differences in host‐plant relationships. Our results suggest a mode of speciation in which host plants drive within‐guild diversification in insect hosts and their parasites. Shared host plants may be sufficient to promote the ecological diversification of a network of phytophagous insects and their parasites, as exemplified byTamaliaaphids.
Solving Wollheim's Dilemma: A Fix for the Institutional Definition of Art
Authors: Fokt Simon
Published: October 2015

Richard Wollheim threatened George Dickie's institutional definition of art with a dilemma which entailed that the theory is either redundant or incomprehensible and useless. This article modifies the definition to avoid such criticism. First, it shows that the definition's concept of the artworld is not vague when understood as a conventional system of beliefs and practices. Then, based on Gaut's cluster theory, it provides an account of reasons artworld members have to confer the status of a candidate for appreciation. An authorised member of an artworld has a good reason to confer the status on an object if it satisfies a subset of criteria respected as sufficient within this artworld. The first horn of the dilemma is averted because explaining the reasons behind conferral cannot eliminate references to the institution, and the second loses its sharpness, as accepting partial arbitrariness of the conferral does not deprive the theory of its explanatory power.
The Reliability of Armchair Intuitions
Authors: Vaesen Krist , Peterson Martin , Van Bezooijen Bart
Published: October 2015

Armchair philosophers have questioned the significance of recent work in experimental philosophy by pointing out that experiments have been conducted on laypeople and undergraduate students. To challenge a practice that relies on expert intuitions, so the armchair objection goes, one needs to demonstrate that expert intuitions rather than those of ordinary people are sensitive to contingent facts such as cultural, linguistic, socio‐economic, or educational background. This article does exactly that. Based on two empirical studies on populations of 573 and 203 trained philosophers, respectively, it demonstrates that expert intuitions vary dramatically according to at least one contingent factor, namely, the linguistic background of the expert: philosophers make different intuitive judgments if their native language is English rather than Dutch, German, or Swedish. These findings cast doubt on the common armchair assumption that philosophical theories based on armchair intuitions are valid beyond the linguistic background against which they were developed.
Fuzzy‐Valued Intensity Measures for Near‐Fault Pulse‐Like Ground Motions
Authors: Li Hao , Yi Wei‐Jian , Yuan Xian‐Xun
Published: October 2015

Two fuzzy‐valued (FV) structure‐specific intensity measures (IMs), one based on squared spectral velocity and the other on inelastic spectral displacement, are presented to characterize near‐fault pulse‐like ground motions for performance‐based seismic design and assessment of concrete frame structures. The first IM is designed through fuzzying structural fundamental period to account for the period shift effect due to stiffness degradation, whereas the second IM is developed to take into account higher mode contribution in high‐rise buildings by employing a fuzzy combination of the first two or three modes for the lateral loading pattern in pushover analysis. A benchmark study of three example reinforced concrete frame structures shows that for moderate‐ to medium‐period structures, both of the proposed IMs improve prediction accuracy in comparison with the existing IMs. For short‐period structures, the FV inelastic spectral displacement is the best.
Muslim Selbstverständnis: Ahmet Davutoğlu answers Husserl's Crisis of European Sciences
Authors: Morrison Scott
Published: October 2015

In formulating his understanding of Islamic history, thought and politics, the Turkish Muslim thinker Ahmet Davutoğlu approves and adopts the German philosopher Edmund Husserl's formulation of phenomenology — or, philosophy of consciousness. Both Husserl and Davutoğlu perceive a crisis in humanity and identify its causes in scientism and logical positivism, against which they develop their respective phenomenological alternatives. This article places in parallel Husserl's stylised history of Western thought and Weltanschauung method with that of Davutoğlu's Muslim worldview, in order to illuminate the latter's putatively comprehensive interpretation of Islam, diagnosis of the ills of secularism, modernisation, and crisis of values he finds in Muslim societies; and his prescribed treatment for those ills: the privileging of ontology over epistemology, and the full unfolding of core theological concepts of revelation, monotheism, and prophecy. Davutoğlu seeks to reconcile tensions and disputes within Islamic intellectual traditions concerning the nature of God and God's attributes, and the tension between mysticism and rationalism, and the historical and the atemporal. In summary, Davutoğlu's intervention in Islamic traditions is interesting in the effort it makes to appropriate elements of both Husserl and GWF Hegel for the purpose of reconciling a phenomenological reading of Islam with established Islamic authorities and commitments.
Proselytizing Islam — Problematizing “Salafism”
Authors: Olsson Susanne
Published: October 2015

This article discusses the contemporary European setting pertaining to Islamic interpretations, mainly so called Salafi Islam. The empirical material is based on publications by a Swedish group that conducts street da῾wa, aiming to proselytize among non‐Muslims. The ideology, as presented in official publications to be used for da῾wa, is described and analyzed as part of a larger da῾wa‐movement with Salafi‐inclinations in Europe. The group is not unique, but rather one example of many in Europe, at least concerning the activism advocated. The presentation of the group serves to reflect upon global influences and similarities among contemporary Islamic da῾wa activism, as well as effects that the national context has on the choice of predominant themes addressed by the group as well as interpretative strategies used. The overarching aim with the article is to problematize the common usage of the concept Salafi among scholars of religion to describe and characterize contemporary Islamic groups of various kinds. The conclusion calls for a more nuanced approach concerning conceptualizations and the use of typologies in studying contemporary Islamic groups in a minority setting.
How to Read Today Natural Law in Aquinas?
Authors: Campodonico Angelo
Published: October 2015

Why our interest in natural law still today? We can always criticize obligations and found human rights on the basis of natural law and we cannot accept a large gap between inclinations and desires on one hand and norms on the other. Natural law is not the lowest common denominator among men and is not always immediately apparent. We can find out it by a resolutio, going back from every day moral experience, from virtues and vices, from civil laws to the first principles. Natural law is the work of practical rationality, that makes order, looking with attention to reality and requires harmony between reason and inclinations towards perfect goods. Human desire is informed by reason and practical reason is always also speculative reason, because it knows reality. Desire “has eyes”, recognizing good. What goodness consists in is perfection. Since human being is open to infinity, the main and inclusive desire is desire for happiness and for God. Inclinations towards good are known, valued, interpreted by practical reason and they become moral norms thanks to the same practical reason.The normative dimension of law is also finalistic. The idea of conveniens is different from both Kantian and Utilitarian points of view. Ethical virtues are the flourishment of the seeds of natural law and there is no necessary opposition between freedom and natural law.
Thomas Aquinas and the Modern and Contemporary Debate on Evil
Authors: Echavarría Agustín
Published: October 2015

This article aims to demonstrate that Thomas Aquinas's metaphysics of being, in which evil is considered a privation or lack of perfection introduced only by the creature against God's intention, is a remarkable starting point for solving the main problems involved in the modern and contemporary debate on the problem of evil. It also seeks to prove that Aquinas's position is neither reducible to an ‘optimistic theodicy’ –such as Leibniz's theodicy– nor to a ‘free will defence’.
What Would Thomas Aquinas Say about Intelligent Design?
Authors: George Marie
Published: October 2015

In light of Aquinas's teaching, I first critique William Dembski's mathematical approach to design in nature, and then critique Michael Behe's failure to distinguish between causes that physically produce an object and causes responsible for the plan for that object. I then investigate Aquinas's Fifth Way, both comparing it to Paley's argument, and attempting to discern where it disagrees with atheistic accounts of evolution. I show that Aquinas acknowledges that living things can result from finality at one level and chance at another level; in other words, he acknowledges that contingent intermediary causes are able to be part of God's plan or design for the production of new species. Thus, the disagreement between Aquinas and the proponents of atheistic versions of evolution is not due to any denial on his part that chance may have role in the production of new species. I then show that even atheist biologists and philosophers recognize a regular tendency in nature to something good, namely, the tendency for niches to be filled, resulting in the good of biodiversity. Where they and Aquinas part ways is as to whether things that lack cognition can only tend to an end when directed by an intelligent being.
Werner Heisenberg and Thomas Aquinas on Natural Indeterminism
Authors: Silva Ignacio
Published: October 2015

When Werner Heisenberg presented his views of the fundamental indeterminism to which his uncertainty principle pointed in the basic levels of reality described by quantum mechanics, he used the Aristotelian technical terms of act and potency, affirming that the quantum system is in potency before the measurement and that the potency was actualised when the measurement took place, speaking thus of a ‘new ontology’ of quantum mechanics. I argue that Thomas Aquinas’ Aristotelian account of indeterminism in nature, through his analysis of the notions of matter as potency and form as act, can provide a suitable framework to understand Heisenberg's philosophical intuition about the nature of quantum systems.
The role of cathepsin K in oral and maxillofacial disorders
Authors: Wen X , Yi L‐z , Liu F , Wei J‐h , Xue Y
Published: October 2015

Cathepsin K (CTSK) was thought to be a collagenase, specifically expressed by osteoclasts, and played an important role in bone resorption. However, more and more research found thatCTSKwas expressed in more extensive cells, tissues, and organs. It may not only participate in regulating human physiological activity, but also be closely related to a variety of disease. In this review, we highlight the relationship betweenCTSKand oral and maxillofacial disorders on the following three aspects: oral and maxillofacial abnormities in patients with pycnodysostosis caused byCTSKmutations, oral and maxillofacial abnormities inCtsk−/−mice, and the role ofCTSKin oral and maxillofacial diseases, including periodontitis, peri‐implantitis, tooth movement, oral and maxillofacial tumor, root resorption, and periapical disease.
Food‐allergic infants have impaired regulatory T‐cell responses following in vivo allergen exposure
Authors: Dang Thanh D. , Allen Katrina J. , J. Martino David , Koplin Jennifer J. , Licciardi Paul V. , Tang Mimi L. K.
Published: October 2015

Background

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are critical for development of oral tolerance, and studies suggest that dysfunction of Tregs may lead to food allergy. However, to date, no study has investigated Treg responses following in vivo exposure to peanut or egg allergens in humans.

Objectives

To examine changes in peripheral blood CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg populations (total, activated and naive) in food‐allergic, food‐sensitized but tolerant, and healthy (non‐sensitized non‐allergic) patients over time following in vivo allergen exposure.

Methods

A subset of infants from the HealthNuts study with egg or peanut allergy (n = 37), egg or peanut sensitization (n = 35), or who were non‐sensitized non‐allergic (n = 15) were studied. All subjects underwent oral food challenge (OFC) to egg or peanut. PBMCs were obtained within 1 h of OFC (in vivo allergen exposure), and Treg populations enumerated ex vivo on day 0, and after 2 and 6 days rest in vitro.

Results

Non‐allergic infants showed stable total Treg frequencies over time; food‐sensitized infants had a transient fall in Treg percentage with recovery to baseline by day 6 (6.87% day 0, 5.27% day 2, 6.5% day 6); and food‐allergic infants showed persistent reduction in Treg (6.85% day 0, 5.4% day 2, 6.2% day 6) following in vivo allergen exposure. Furthermore, food‐allergic infants had a significantly lower ratio of activated Treg:activated T cells (10.5 ± 0.77) at day 0 compared to food‐sensitized (14.6 ± 1.24) and non‐allergic subjects (16.2 ± 1.23).

Conclusion

Our data suggest that the state of allergen sensitization is associated with depletion of Treg following allergen exposure. Impaired capacity to regenerate the Treg pool following allergen exposure may be an important factor that determines clinical allergy vs. sensitization without allergic reaction.
CHILD Syndrome: Case Report of a Chinese Patient and Literature Review of the NAD[P]H Steroid Dehydrogenase‐Like Protein Gene Mutation
Authors: Mi Xiang‐bin , Luo Miao‐xuan , Guo Lin‐lang , Zhang Tang‐de , Qiu Xian‐wen
Published: October 2015

Congenital hemidysplasia with ichthyosiform nevus and limb defects (CHILD) syndrome is an X‐linked autosomal dominant disorder characterized by unilateral congenital hemidysplasia with ichthyosiform erythroderma and ipsilateral limb defects caused by a mutation in the gene encoding NAD[P]H steroid dehydrogenase‐like protein (NSDHL) at Xq28. The histopathologic hallmark of skin lesions in CHILD syndrome is psoriasiform epidermis with hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis, and its most striking feature affecting the upper dermis is filling of the papillary dermis with foam cells. Here we present the case of a 9‐year‐old Chinese girl born with the typical clinical features of CHILD syndrome. Histologic and immunohistochemical evaluation of the skin lesions confirmed the diagnosis and led to identification of a heterozygous point mutation in exon 8 of the NSDHL gene. In addition, we provide a literature review of 26 unrelated CHILD syndrome patients from different countries, caused by 20 unique gene mutations occurring throughout the entire NSDHL gene, to promote understanding and provide a more comprehensive description of this unusual disorder.
The Courts and Peace Activism: Selected Legal Cases Related to Matters of Conscience and Civil Liberties
Authors: Howlett Charles F.
Published: October 2015

This article presents a historical overview of case law in American history as it relates to conscientious objection, free speech, right of assembly, and antiwar protest. With respect to peace history research, scholars have rarely explored how judicial decisions in the American court system have either negatively or positively affected peace action. The focus of this article is on how matters of conscience from the time of the American Revolutionary War to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have been addressed by the U.S. judicial system. In addition to this overview is appended a listing of many of the most important cases‐‐federal and state‐‐decided by the courts as related to peace and antiwar action.
The Meaning of Imperatives
Authors: Charlow Nate
Published: October 2015

This article surveys a range of current views on the semantics of imperatives, presenting them as more or less conservative with respect to the Truth‐Conditional Paradigm in semantics. It describes and critiques views at either extreme of this spectrum: accounts on which the meaning of an imperative is a modal truth‐condition, as well as various accounts that attempt to explain imperative meaning without making use of truth‐conditions. It briefly describes and encourages further work on a family of views lying somewhere in the middle. On such views, an imperative will semantically determine, without having as its meaning, a modal truth‐condition, which figures centrally in accounting for various aspects of its meaning.
Internalism without Luminosity1
Authors: Schoenfield Miriam
Published: October 2015

Internalists face the following challenge: what is it about an agent's internal states that explains why only these states can play whatever role the internalist thinks these states are playing?  Internalists have frequently appealed to a special kind of epistemic access that we have to these states. But such claims have been challenged on both empirical and philosophical grounds.  I will argue that internalists needn't appeal to any kind of privileged access claims.  Rather, internalist conditions are important because of the way in which we expect them to act as causal mediators between states of the world, on the one hand, and our beliefs and actions on the other.
Discourse, Organization, and the Welfare State in the Former East Berlin
Authors: McGill Kenneth
Published: October 2015

In this article, I examine the statements and actions of two key informants, both of whom direct welfare programs in a district of the former East Berlin. I argue that this evidence points to a particular modality of political rationalization, which I dub organizational discourse. The entanglement of organizational discourse and governmentality are explored, as is the place of organizational discourse within both the liberal welfare state and the bygone state socialist regime.
Past Loss as Future? The Politics of Temporality and the “Nonreligious” by a Japanese NGO in Burma/Myanmar
Authors: Watanabe Chika
Published: October 2015

This article examines ideas of the past in the development aid work of one of the oldest Japanese NGOs, the Organization for Industrial, Spiritual and Cultural Advancement (OISCA), derived from a Shinto‐based new religion, and its training courses on sustainable agriculture in Burma/Myanmar. Whereas Japan's official discourses on aid focus on postwar national success, OISCA highlights a sense of national– cultural loss and proposes aid as a form of national renewal by using ideas about Japan's past to “redo” modernity elsewhere. This emphasis on pastness was an effect of OISCA staff asserting that it is a “nonreligious” organization and simply “Japanese.” This article demonstrates how hope for national renewal through development aid generates “redemptive dreams” and enacts a politics of temporality in which Japanese and Burmese aid actors contest over the past as resource for the future and over “Japaneseness” as a universal value, oscillating between oppressive and aspirational possibilities.
The Object of Activism: Documents and Daily Life in Namibian NGOs
Authors: Höhn Sabine
Published: October 2015

Documents play a key role in the life of every NGO: donor reports, constitutions, membership databases, and promotional leaflets not only represent organizational action, but also have become a major form of civic activism themselves. In Namibia, NGOs are particularly pressed to show impact vis‐à‐vis a strong developmental state and an efficient private sector. “To document” has thus become a major preoccupation in their daily routine. This article asks what purpose documents do in NGOs and, through attention to their aesthetics, how they do them; and it shows that documents delineate social actions and actively shape NGOs’ daily work. The article's aims are twofold. First, its ethnographic approach to NGOs argues for an expanded range of possible actors that shape NGO work and everyday life. Second, it challenges the common ontological distinction between active subjects and passive objects by demonstrating the agency of things in organizational life more generally.
Illegality and Invisibility at Margins and Borders
Authors: Galemba Rebecca B.
Published: October 2015

Drawing from the scholarship on states and illegal practices and the author's fieldwork at the Mexico‐Guatemala border, this article posits new directions in the study of legitimacy, legality, and morality in borderlands. By making illegality central, the article reveals the politics and power dynamics that shape how people differentially experience the law. The article uses illegality as a theoretical lens to reexamine what constitute worthy subjects of research and standards for ethical and methodological practice.
The Problem with Ethics
Authors: Hodge G. Derrick
Published: October 2015

A minimalist and deontological focus of anthropological ethics, and the current lack of consensus in the field about ethical and methodological rigor, produces conference presentations, monographs, and ethnographic essays of questionable quality. Research that fulfills its IRB‐defined duties is ethically problematic if it reproduces colonial relationships, ignores community input into agenda and risk, offers no real possibility for improving human life, or uses so loose a methodology that it cannot be relied upon to produce scientifically valid data. Finally, the modernist fetish of “knowledge” – assumed in the Code to be a value in itself, detached from human wellbeing – grants legitimacy to research that has little purpose other than to further academics' careers.

In the following essay I reflect upon my experience conducting ethnographic research into the underground economies of marginalized youth in Havana, New York, and Hartford. What emerges are four principles, which together suggest a departure from the standard catalogue of deontological AAA Code of Ethics concerns toward greater methodological integrity and a more carefully delineated commitment toward the well‐being of the communities with whom we work. An entirely detached and passive anthropology is not an ethical one, but our moral engagement must be based on a solid foundation of data that are analyzed according to sound principles. Thus, ethnographic practice that is methodologically sloppy is not ethical, even if deontological duties—prescribed by the AAA Code and the IRB—have been scrupulously upheld.
State Transparency after the Neoliberal Turn: The Politics, Limits, and Paradoxes of India's Right to Information Law
Authors: Sharma Aradhana
Published: October 2015

In 2005, the Indian government passed the Right to Information or RTI Act, which is hailed for inaugurating an era of open, accountable, and truly postcolonial democracy. This article focuses on how the RTI law is being both implemented and subverted in India through ordinary bureaucratic proceduralism and what this tells us about the limits and contrary logic of state transparency in the neoliberal age. India's information freedom law has moorings in local grassroots movements that fought long and hard for its passage, but it also articulates with the global neoliberal development regime's discourse on good governance. I consider where and how dominant transnational meanings of state transparency crosscut and color popular mobilizations of the RTI law in India. My contention is that the technocratic casting of transparent and good governance under neoliberalism lends a formalized and procedural hue to the ground‐level workings of Indian law, which bureaucratizes social life, hems in activist aspirations for fundamental changes in democratic governance and, paradoxically, reinforces state opacity. On the one hand, citizens and activists are compelled to become proficient in bureaucratic literacy in order to audit and petition the state. On the other hand, officials strategically alter the language and procedures of administration, shifting the interplay between writing and orality in their daily work and changing what they record and how they do so to avert scrutiny and preserve state secrecy in the age of transparency.
Sovereign Silence: Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act and Legalizing Sex Work in Sonagachi
Authors: Dasgupta Simanti
Published: October 2015

Drawing upon ethnographic work with a grassroots sex workers’ organization in Calcutta, Durbar Samanwaya Samiti (Durbar), this article analyzes the relationship between subalternity and silence. I discuss how sex workers, especially new entrants, use silence as a subaltern strategy to resist state and non‐state surveillance intended to oppose trafficking. The increased surveillance is a direct result of the global anti‐trafficking narrative, led mainly by the United States, in which developing countries, like India, adopt measures to avoid being downgraded in the United States’ Trafficking in Persons Report. I contend that these national and international efforts have led to a quandary where the lives of these sex workers are rendered inaudible. Here I specifically examine the practices of the Self‐Regulatory Board, established by Durbar to identify new entrants who may have been unwilling trafficked and do not want to join the profession. I argue that the Board, in replicating state practices, in effect has created an environment where women prefer to embrace silence in order to confront its power.
Documenting “Community” in the ≠khomani San Land Claim in South Africa
Authors: Huizenga Daniel
Published: October 2015

In this article I explore how documents created in support of ≠khomani San land claimants, located in the southern Kalahari Desert, represent a specific way of knowing that contributes to a socio‐legal construction of “community.” The documents that I use in this article have been authored by government organizations and NGOs, and compiled into a single repository of community information. By tracking the use of the termcommunitythroughout the repository, I demonstrate that the term is articulated through and across various fields of knowledge to achieve different social, political, and legal ends. This field of diverse motives, I argue, is neutralized and obscured through the standardized form of the documents themselves, contributing to a socio‐legal construction of community wherein notions of indigeneity are both exclusive and temporally fixed.
Whitewashing Indigenous Oklahoma and Chicano Arizona: 21st‐Century Legal Mechanisms of Settlement
Authors: Dennison Jean
Published: October 2015

This article interrogates the various tactics settler colonial legal systems use in establishing and entrenching authority over territories. By comparing a recent Osage Nation reservation court case with Arizona House Bill (HB) 2281, enacted into law as Ariz. Rev. Stats. § 15–112, which has been used to ban Mexican American/Raza Studies (MARS) from the classroom, it is possible to illustrate the varied processes by which legal systems attempt to render U.S. control of land an indisputable norm. In the context of both Oklahoma and Arizona, settler authority over territory is entrenched through the outlawing of institutions that contest its neutrality and universality. This article challenges U.S. settlement by making visible some of the legal processes by which it operates.
Does structural parasitism by epiphytes exist? A case study between Tillandsia recurvata and Parkinsonia praecox
Authors: Flores‐Palacios A.
Published: October 2015

The effects that epiphytes have on their hosts have been poorly explored in an experimentally. Correlational evidence suggests that epiphytes may be either mutualists or structural parasites, as has been proposed for Tillandsia recurvata on Parkinsonia praecox. To test the effect of T. recurvata upon P. praecox, the epiphyte load on branches of P. praecox was measured and two 1‐year experiments were performed to detect the effect of transplantation/removal of epiphytes and shade (0%, 35%. 50% and 80%) on shoot dynamics. If T. recurvata represents a selective pressure for P. praecox, then the frequency of branches carrying large epiphyte loads will be high, and host shoot survival will decrease in the presence of T. recurvata and with increased shade. A weak inverse relationship between epiphyte load and percentage of dead shoots in the host was detected. Shoot survival was independent of epiphyte presence. Shade decreased shoot survival by 35–72%. Results suggest that at the study site, T. recurvata is a commensalist of P. praecox. An alternative hypothesis to explain the correlation between high epiphyte load and branch/tree decay is that older branches carry more epiphytes, receive more shade from neighbouring branches and could be undergoing a natural decline process.
Reevaluating American Attitudes toward Immigrants in the Twenty‐First Century: The Role of a Multicreedal National Identity
Authors: Byrne Jennifer , Dixon Gregory C.
Published: October 2015

The past two decades have seen anti‐immigrant ideas permeate national political discourse in Europe and North America. Ideas previously confined to the political margins are now part of the mainstream. Appeals to traditional political ideas and loyalty to state institutions—seen as an antidote to such ideas—have failed to stem the tide of anti‐immigrant policies. We offer an explanation of why appeals to political institutions fail to curb anti‐immigrant sentiment. We demonstrate that past empirical research into dimensions of identity has failed to model interactive effects between dimensions, leading to mixed results concerning policy preference and identity formation. We also demonstrate that an interaction effect exists between civic and ethnocultural dimensions that moderate each other as affinity rises. We show that previous research blaming most negative policy preference on the ethnocultural dimension is incomplete. This has significant implications for those seeking to design policies and programs that moderate negative attitudes toward immigrants.

Related Articles

Byrne, Jennifer. 2011. “.” Politics and Policy 39 (): 485‐514. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2011.00301.x/abstract;jsessionid=C58DAF5DB86958A491FCCA5A983F81EB.d03t02?deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=&userIsAuthenticated=false

Swain, Carol. 2008. “.” Politics and Policy 36 (): 1126‐1129.

Sabia, Debra. 2010. “.” Politics and Policy 38 (): 53‐80.

Podcast

. 2011. “” http://www.npr.org/2011/07/04/137609363/do‐americas‐changing‐demographics‐impact‐politics
Security, Migration, and the Economy in the Texas–Tamaulipas Border Region: The “Real” Effects of Mexico's Drug War
Authors: Correa‐Cabrera Guadalupe
Published: October 2015

This article analyzes the effects of Mexico's drug war on security, migration, and the economy on the eastern U.S.–Mexico border between the state of Texas and the Mexican state of Tamaulipas. Both sides of the border are analyzed and compared simultaneously. The article shows that the extreme violence that Mexico is suffering has benefited U.S. border towns while having a negative impact on Tamaulipas. The positive effects of Mexico's violent spiral on U.S. border security and the U.S. border economy are evident, notwithstanding American public discourse and the reporting of U.S. media alleging the opposite.

Related Articles

Héctor Ramón Ramírez. 2009. “.” Politics & Policy 37 (): 579‐609. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2009.00186.x/abstract

Gaspare M. Genna, and David A. Mayer‐Foulkes. 2011. “.” Politics & Policy 39 (): 5‐9. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2010.00280.x/abstract

Ernesto Aguayo‐Téllez, and Christian I. Rivera‐Mendoza. 2009. “.” Politics & Policy 39 (): 119‐140. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2010.00285.x/abstract

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Blog del Narco. http://www.blogdelnarco.com/

Borderland Beat. http://www.borderlandbeat.com/

Frontera List. http://groups.google.com/group/frontera‐list?hl=en
Reaching Out to Overcome Political Apathy: Building Participatory Capacity through Deliberative Engagement
Authors: Curato Nicole , Niemeyer Simon
Published: October 2015

A common objection against deliberative democracy relates to the impression that citizens, in general, are unwilling to participate in democratic politics. We contribute to the growing literature that challenges this impression by analyzing the discursive profile of citizens that participate in deliberation. By discursive profile, we refer to participants' own perceived role in the democratic process and their articulated motivations for joining a deliberative forum. We find that those who turned up in face‐to‐face deliberation tend to be less cynical toward politics. Moreover, based on their expressed motivations for participating, it can be inferred that linking the deliberative forum to decision makers provided an initial hook to participants. However, this changed as participants completed the process. At the end of deliberations, appreciation for the process itself ended up being the most resonant sentiment. These findings are based on both quantitative and qualitative analyses of data gathered from Australia's First Citizens' Parliament.

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McBeth, Mark K., Donna L. Lybecker, and Kacee A. Garner. 2010. “.” Politics & Policy 38 (): 1‐23. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2009.00226.x/abstract

Crowley, Kate. 2009. “.” Politics & Policy 37 (): 995‐1021. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2009.00208.x/abstract

Stephan, Mark. 2004. “.” Politics & Policy 32 (): 118‐135. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2004.tb00178.x/abstract

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. 2009. NewDemocracy. Canberra. February. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qWOoQwpJdrE

Data and Discussion

. 2013. Australian National University. http://deliberativedemocracy.anu.edu.au/
An Extended Presidential Honeymoon? Coverage of Barack Obama in the New York Times during 2009 and 2010
Authors: Farnsworth Stephen J. , Lichter S. Robert
Published: October 2015

Content analysis of front page New York Times stories during the first and second years of the Barack Obama presidency revealed news coverage that was far more positive in tone than the norm for recent U.S. presidents, particularly with respect to foreign policy coverage. While coverage of Obama was somewhat less positive during 2010 when compared to 2009, the Obama findings overall reveal a much longer honeymoon than seen in the past. Coverage of specific problematic policy areas, like offshore drilling issues in the wake of the BP oil spill, was particularly negative. Coverage of arms control matters was very positive in tone in 2010 for Obama, who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2009.

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Farnsworth, Stephen J, and S. Robert Lichter. 2012. “.” Politics & Policy 40 (): 69‐91. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2011.00338.x/abstract

Bode, Leticia, and Valerie M. Hennings. 2012. “.” Politics & Policy 40 (): 221‐257. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00350.x/abstract

Fogarty, Brian J. 2011. .” Politics & Policy 39 (): 1053‐1076. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2011.00326.x/abstract

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Balz, Dan, and Jon Cohen. 2010. “.” . July 13. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp‐dyn/content/article/2010/07/12/AR2010071205453.html

Calderone, Michael. 2009. “.” Politco.com. March 4. http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0309/19570.html

Shear, Michael D. 2010. “.” . February 15. http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2010‐02‐15/politics/36853927_1_congressional‐leaders‐white‐house‐advisers‐president‐obama/2
Social capital and innovation in R&D teams: the mediating roles of psychological safety and learning from mistakes
Authors: Gu Qinxuan , Wang Greg G. , Wang Lihong
Published: October 2015

The relationship between social capital and R&D team innovation has received increasing attention in the literature. However, little is known about the mechanisms between the two. This study aims to narrow the gap by investigating the mediating roles of psychological safety and learning from mistakes between the three dimensions of social capital and innovation at team level. Our sample comprised 151 R&D teams with 585 members from nine Chinese high‐tech companies. The results showed that psychological safety and learning from mistakes (LFM) partially mediated the relationship between the structural and cognitive capital and innovation in R&D teams, and fully mediated the relationship between the relational capital and innovation in R&D teams. We further discussed subsequent managerial implications and future research directions.
Improving Legitimacy in Nanotechnology Policy Development Through Stakeholder and Community Engagement: Forging New Pathways
Authors: Russell A. Wendy
Published: October 2015

This paper reports on a multistakeholder engagement process conducted in an Australian policy setting that led to a new community engagement framework: Science and Technology Engagement Pathways (STEP). I describe the process in the context of a lack of awareness, experience, and culture of deliberative public engagement in Australia, particularly in relation to decision making concerning science, technology, and innovation. Increasing cautiousness in government and industry approaches to nanotechnology development, in Australia and elsewhere, creates an imperative and an opening for improved stakeholder and community engagement to improve the legitimacy and sustainability of decisions. In this context, STEP may stimulate movement toward deliberative engagement by raising awareness and commitment from diverse stakeholders and providing a structure for developments in engagement and public dialog. STEP potentially provides “rules of engagement” and “intervention pathways” for ongoing public engagement with science and technology developments and for critical “science in society” perspectives to inform policy.
Who Benefits from Foreign Direct Investment in the UK?
Authors: Girma Sourafel , Greenaway David , Wakelin Katharine
Published: October 2015

The presumed higher productivity of foreign firms and resulting spillovers to domestic firms has led governments to offer financial incentives to foreign firms. We investigate if there is any productivity or wage gap between foreign and domestic firms in the UK and if the presence of foreign firms in a sector raises the productivity of domestic firms. Our results indicate that foreign firms do have higher productivity than domestic firms and they pay higher wages. We find no aggregate evidence of intra‐industry spillovers. However, firms with low productivity relative to the sector average, in low‐skill low foreign competition sectors gain less from foreign firms.
The End of the French Model for Animal Health? A Sociological Analysis of the Bluetongue Vaccination Campaign (2007–2009)
Authors: Ollivier Boris
Published: October 2015

This article examines the preparation and implementation in France of a vaccination campaign (2008) to protect livestock against bluetongue disease (BT) and questions the long‐term stability of structural relationships in the animal health sector. Using three approaches from the sociology of risks – exogenous or endogenous nature of crisis, responsibility of expertise – we show that post‐bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) reforms, by claiming a clearly separated role for each party (risk assessment, risk management, farmers' responsibility), have left the issue of relationships between actors by the wayside. We argue with the bluetongue case that such radical partitioning is unworkable. Discussing the decline of the French ‘health tripod’ (State, farmers, veterinarians), we emphasise that it has been idealised as a model that each party has a major interest to maintain. Our sources are based on 35 interviews, analysis of professional press and ministry of agriculture's internal notes.
Effects of Situational Cues on Aggressive Behavior
Authors: Engelhardt Christopher R. , Bartholow Bruce D.
Published: October 2015

Numerous situational factors are known to increase the likelihood that a person will behave aggressively. The current review addresses what is currently understood about the relationship between three theoretically relevant situational variables (the presence of weapons, alcohol cues, and exposure to media violence) and aggressive behavior. Theoretical models of aggression generally propose heightened accessibility of aggressive cognitions (i.e., priming) as a common mechanism to explain effects of these variables on aggression but differ in terms of factors that modulate whether and how activated mental content will influence behavior. Here, we discuss these factors and suggest ways in which models of priming might be integrated. We also underscore that, although aggression has been the focus of considerable research for decades, much more research is needed to better understand the psychological and biological processes that mediate effects of situational cues on aggression in humans.
Risky by Design: The Mandatory Private Pillar ofAustralia's Retirement Income System
Authors: Borowski Allan
Published: October 2015

Australia's retirement income system has been touted by some as among the world's best. Its contemporary architecture mirrors the ‘ideal’ recommended by the World Bank. Yet occupational superannuation, the mandatory private pillar ofAustralia's retirement income system, is one to which many uncertainties and, hence, risks are attached almost by design. This article explores some of these systemic risks in light of the impact of the global financial crisis (GFC) and its aftermath and considers some of their implications. The range of risks includes inflation risk, malfeasance and incompetence in the management of superannuation funds, exchange rate risk, investment risk, longevity risk and political risk. However, this article focuses on the latter three. WhileAustralia's federal governments have become increasingly conscious of investment risk and longevity risk, greater sensitivity to political risk and its impacts is still needed.
Family Policies in ‘Hybrid’ Welfare States after the Crisis: Pathways between Policy Expansion and Retrenchment
Authors: Blum Sonja , Formánková Lenka , Dobrotić Ivana
Published: October 2015

The economic crisis has significantly challenged national welfare states and has often led to retrenchment. The question arises how countries have reacted to the crisis in the area of family policy – not directly connected to rising unemployment and also not as demanding for state spending as for example the pension system. This article analyzes family policy reforms during the crisis in three small European welfare states – Austria, the Czech Republic and Slovenia. Focusing on the ‘rationale’ behind the reforms, it aims to explore how family policy was affected by the crisis and whether the crisis gave rise to new policy pathways and ideas in the area. The exploratory case studies of reforms conducted in the three countries between 2009 and 2013 show that everywhere the pre‐crisis policy pathways were also continued in the period of crisis. The reforms were framed by diverse paradigms related to national‐specific contexts along with newly emerged austerity arguments. The Czech Republic shows a continued focus on a neo‐liberal paradigm, utilizing the crisis to introduce further residual measures, i.e. mostly negative re‐familializing reforms, mixed with de‐familializing policies based on the workfare paradigm. Strong crisis‐related discourse in Slovenia was accompanied by diverse austerity measures, which strengthened the social dimension of family policy and weakened a de‐familialistic effect of the pre‐crisis reforms. Austria, much less affected by the crisis, continues to combine social investment and ‘freedom of choice’ paradigms, introducing an ambivalent amalgam of positive familialistic and de‐familialistic family policy reforms.