bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Informational matraquage and infobesity: Discourse realities of the modern media space
Authors: Sedykh Arkadiy Petrovich , Akimova Elvira Nikolajevna , Shcherbakov Andrey Vladimirovich
Published: September 2023

The research aims to highlight the universal linguosemiotic features of the modern media-digital cluster. The scientific novelty of the paper consists in a comprehensive identification of the features of the discourse models for discursive manipulation in the texts of modern mass media in line with the study of the linguosemiotic mechanisms of the functioning of matraquage discourse, both in the space of a complete utterance and at the level of the universal pool of world linguoculture. The scientific novelty of the research also consists in introducing into active scientific use the terms “raw information”, “matraquage discourse” and “infobesity” in order to clarify the conceptual apparatus and to achieve a clearer semantic structuring of the terminological system of information theory and communication theory. One of the main epistemological aspects of the paper is the development of the problems of macrodiscursive interpretation of the media space as a semiotic whole and value, i.e. the issues of searching for the foundations of subjective or universal identity, which can be addressed, in one way or another, by referring to language. An important point of the research is the synergy between the conceptual and epistemic dimensions of knowledge, in other words, between the linguistic and conceptual analysis of media discourse in line with the interpretative-semiological approach. The achieved results showed the predominance of universal features in media discourse and also made it possible to detect information about the elements of the worldview and cognition of the collective actor of matraquage discourse at the level of media discourse functioning. The obtained data made it possible to identify a number of socio-cultural features in the linguistic thinking of the consumer of media information that are required to overcome crisis-related and stressful situations associated with infobesity on the path of existential and psychological stabilisation of cognition and communication behavioural models.
Reflection on the ethical aspects of the adoption of an analytical philosophical concept in the novel “The Tunnel” by W. Gass
Authors: Nikulina Alla Konstantinovna
Published: September 2023

The aim of the study is to determine the significance of the philosophical problem of language and speech in William Gass’s novel “The Tunnel” as central to understanding the ideological and artistic intent of the work. The scientific originality consists in demonstrating the conceptual importance of the writer’s use of the foundations of an analytical philosophical approach to the interpretation of language in the creation of characters’ artistic images and emplotment. The main character’s focus on the word as the only true reality leads him to philosophical insights, but at the same time to loneliness, solipsism, loss of moral criteria in reasoning about man and history. The central image of the tunnel in the novel becomes a symbol of life in linguistic reality as a world that gives a sense of freedom within itself, but does not allow going beyond its limits. As a result, we prove that it is the problem of language, interpreted in the light of the author’s contemporary analytical tradition, that acts as the key one in understanding the idea of the novel, which gives the work a genuine philosophical depth. Gass shares the opinion of the followers of analytical philosophy about the primary role of language in the formation of a person’s worldview, but at the same time, he points out the importance of preserving traditional ideas about morality and ethics.
Structural-semantic models of simple repetitions in English colloquial speech
Authors: Vorobyova Yelena Nickolaevna
Published: September 2023

The aim of the study is to identify the models of sentences with duplication of sentence composition elements presented in the works of American playwrights. The paper analyzes the main typical models of simple repetitions without explication of additional components in the sentence structure based on the notion of informative-syntagmatic duplication proposed by Professor M. Ya. Blokh within the theory of paradigmatic syntax. The study makes it possible to take a fresh look at the problem of the classical rhetorical figure of repetition, considering it from the perspective of grammar and information theory. The study is novel in that it is the first to highlight the models of simple repetitions at the sentence level and assess their functionality in question-and-answer interaction. As a result of the analysis, it was found that despite the emerging structural and semantic redundancy of the repetition models without modification of duplicated elements, it gives the utterance an emotionally expressive content, serves as a means of logical emphasis for important information and allows solving various stylistic tasks.
Pragmalinguistic approach to the description of lecturers’ speech behaviour in the genre of popular science discourse “video lecture”
Authors: Lesnyak Marina Valerievna
Published: September 2023

The aim of the paper is to describe the implementation of the strategic speech behaviour of two groups of speakers, German-language ones and English-language ones, from the perspective of pragmalinguistics in the genre of popular science discourse “video lecture”. The paper describes the pragmalinguistic characteristics of the video lecture genre as a typical communication situation, examines fragments of stereotypical and individual speech behaviour of TED Talks speakers and TED Talks Germany speakers and also conducts their comparative analysis. The scientific novelty of the research lies in applying a pragmalinguistic approach to the study of speakers’ modern discourse practices in the genre of scientific video lectures. It is the first time that a comparative analysis of the discourse practices of the German-language and English-language groups of speakers has been carried out in order to identify the specifics of their speech behaviour aimed at providing the most effective speech impact on the audience and the components of the communicative situation of the video lecture have been described. As a result, fragments of lecturers’ stereotypical and individual speech behaviour actualised by three communicative strategies, the strategy of attraction, the strategy of new knowledge presentation, the strategy of persuasion, as well as and their constituent tactics have been identified and presented.
Representation of a military term and its translation equivalents in English-Russian online dictionaries
Authors: Balkanov Ilya Vladimirovich , Lupanova Ekaterina Vyacheslavovna
Published: September 2023

The study aims to identify the potential of English-Russian dictionaries in the selection of translation equivalents as exemplified by the English military terms used to denote the main types of weapons and military vehicles. The authors refine U Heid’s algorithm of access to an e-dictionary and apply it to the analysis of three online translation dictionaries (Cambridge Dictionary, Multitran and Lingvo Live) in the situation of selecting translation equivalents to the military terms that denote main types of weapons and military equipment used by the US and NATO armed forces. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the authors for the first time conduct a comparative analysis of online dictionaries in the situation of selecting a translation equivalent to a special (military) term. As a result of analysing the representation of military terminology in English-Russian online dictionaries, the authors prove that Multitran is superior to Lingvo Live and the Cambridge Dictionary in the selection of translation equivalents to military terms, substantiate the importance of a user’s participation in the process of expanding and editing an online dictionary corpus, reveal drawbacks of online dictionaries and provide practical recommendations for the optimisation of an e-dictionary.
Generation of meaning in synergistic literary discourse (by the example of V. Pelevin’s short story “The Water Tower”)
Authors: Akopova Yuliya Alekseevna
Published: September 2023

The aim of the research is to prove that the violation of the “order parameters” of text formation at various linguistic levels is the main meaning-generating factor in postmodern literary discourse. The scientific novelty of the research consists in rethinking the strategy of modern prose interpretation, in using transdisciplinary methods to analyse postmodern literary texts along with philological ones, which is due to the specificity of such texts. The meaning of postmodernists’ linguistic experimentation becomes clear if interpreted in a linguosynergetic paradigm. As exemplified by the analysis of V. Pelevin’s short story “The Water Tower”, the idea that literary postmodern discourse is a zone of deconstruction of a rigid language system, in particular, the lexical and grammatical organisation of the text, is developed in the context of linguosynergetics. The presence of synergetic markers in the text (nonlinearity, interdiscursivity and intertextuality) makes the text a bifurcation zone. As a result, it has been proved that a change in the “order parameters” of the text at all levels is the main marker of the synergetic nature of literary discourse, which contributes to the unfolding of its self-organisation and promotes synergetic meaning generation.
Analisis Postur Kerja dengan Menggunakan Metode Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA)
Authors: Thamrin Yusri , Utomo Dutho Suh , Fathimahhayati Lina Dianati
Published: September 2023

PLN Sektor Mahakam adalah salah satu Badan Usaha Milik Negara yang membidangi sektor usaha kelistrikan di Indonesia dimana pekerjanya rata-rata menggunakan komputer dalam bekerja. Tuntutan pekerjaan yang mengharuskan pekerja duduk di depan komputer menyebabkan munculnya gejala Musculoskeletal Disorders (MDSs) sehingga perlu untuk dilakukan pengukuran postur kerja dan identifikasi penyebab ketidakergonomisan postur kerja serta rekomendasi usulan perbaikan. Hasil pengukuran postur kerja dengan menggunakan metode Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA) pada 6 sampel pekerja di 4 departemen berbeda didapatkan hasil sampel pekerja 1 departemen Enjiniring dengan nilai 6, sampel pekerja 2 departemen Enjiniring dengan nilai 8, sampel pekerja departemen Operasi dan Pemeliharaan dengan nilai 8, sampel pekerja departemen Energi Primer dan Logistik dengan nilai 8, sampel pekerja 1 departemen Keuangan, SDM, dan Administrasi (KSA) dengan nilai 8,  dan sampel pekerja 2 departemen Keuangan, SDM, dan Administrasi  (KSA) dengan nilai 9. Nilai pengukuran postur kerja lebih dari 4 sehingga postur kerja dinyatakan tidak ergonomis dan perlu dilakukan perbaikan sesegera mungkin. Faktor yang menyebabkan ketidakergonomisan postur kerja disebabkan oleh faktor man (manusia) dipengaruhi pekerja menggunakan fasilitas kerja dengan tidak ergonomis, faktor machine (mesin) dipengaruhi oleh fasilitas kerja yang non-adjustable, tidak adanya lengan kursi, palmrest, document holder, dan permukaan kerja yang terlalu tinggi. Faktor method (metode) dipengaruhi oleh cara pekerja menggunakan dan meletakkan fasilitas kerja, dan faktor material (bahan) dipengaruhi oleh fasilitas kerja yang berbahan keras. Rekomendasi usulan perbaikan yang diberikan adalah perbaikan postur kerja yaitu postur penggunaan kursi, postur penggunaan monitor, postur penggunaan telepon, postur penggunaan mouse, postur penggunaan keyboard. Sementara rekomendasi perbaikan fasilitas kerja adalah usulan kursi ergonomis dengan ukuran ketinggian alas kursi adalah 43 cm, ukuran lebar kursi adalah 40 cm, ukuran kedalaman kursi 41 cm, ukuran tinggi sandaran lengan adalah 18 cm, dan tinggi sandaran punggung adalah 63 cm. Setelah dilakukan perbaikan postur kerja dan perbaikan fasilitas kerja, dilakukan pengukuran postur kerja dan didapatkan nilai postur kerja setelah perbaikan adalah 3 yang berarti postur kerja sudah ergonomis.
Identifying Informative Predictor Variables With Random Forests
Authors: Rothacher Yannick , Strobl Carolin
Published: September 2023

Random forests are a nonparametric machine learning method, which is currently gaining popularity in the behavioral sciences. Despite random forests’ potential advantages over more conventional statistical methods, a remaining question is how reliably informative predictor variables can be identified by means of random forests. The present study aims at giving a comprehensible introduction to the topic of variable selection with random forests and providing an overview of the currently proposed selection methods. Using simulation studies, the variable selection methods are examined regarding their statistical properties, and comparisons between their performances and the performance of a conventional linear model are drawn. Advantages and disadvantages of the examined methods are discussed, and practical recommendations for the use of random forests for variable selection are given.
Anonymous Expressions Regarding the Theological Debates in the Commentary of al-Ṭabarī I: Attributes of God
Authors: YAŞAR Naif
Published: September 2023

Muḥammad b. Jarīr al-Ṭabarī (d. 310/923), in his commentary called Jāmiʽ al-Bayān ʽan Taʼwīl Āy al-Qurʼān, handles the theological debates that emerged until his time. Although he sometimes provides the proper names of the persons and sects to whom theological views belong, he nevertheless mostly does not give the related proper names. Instead of giving proper names, he uses anonymous expressions such as ‘some researchers’, ‘some exegetes’, or ‘those who believe that the acts of humans are created by themselves, not by God.’ Therefore many ideas of the sectarian groups of the first three centuries of Islam remain anonymous in his commentary. In this article, the proper names of persons and sects alluded to by al-Ṭabarī under anonymous expressions will be brought to light within the framework of Islamic literature. Depending on the theological debates he deals with, al-Ṭabarī sometimes transmits traditions related to the views discussed, but sometimes not. We will summarise the views given in the traditions which are quoted by al-Ṭabarī. Therefore, in this study, only the isnāds of the traditions referred to by al-Ṭabarī as support for the views discussed will be provided, whereas the texts of the traditions will be left out. In this study we will not present all the anonymous debates, but just those which are related to the essential (al-Ṣifā al-Dhatiyya) and the anthropomorphic attributes of God.
MADNESS WITH METHODS.docx
Authors: Omoha Owojecho
Published: September 2023

Notable critics, including Sunday Anozie and Robert Morsberger, have branded Christopher Okigbo’s Labyrinths as allusions to the Nigerian crisis of 1965, and the civil war that followed in1966, as well as Ibo traditional religion, the historical and personal idiosyncrasies, and as a literary work from Theocritus and Vergil to Howl. This article veers from such imputations into a hitherto untrodden ground. It subjects behaviours of the persona in  Labyrinths  –from “Heavensgate” to “Limits” and “Silences”, and from “Distances” to “Path of Thunder” to clinical and qualitative inquiries and concludes: the poetics are not only symptomatic of mania, the obscurities are couched in methods
Leadership Style as a Predictor of Employee Safety Performance in the Oil and Gas Industry.docx
Authors: Kathayat Arjun
Published: September 2023

The specific problem of this research was it was unknown if/to what extent safety-specific leadership style predicted employee safety performance in the oil and gas industry. The purpose of this research was to examine if/to what extent the safety-specific transformational leadership style of managers predicted employee safety performance in the oil and gas industry in southeast Saskatchewan, Canada. This research's methodology was quantitative, and the research design was simple linear regression.  The researcher employed a convenience sampling method and invited 41 business organizations that  provided products and services to the oil and gas industry and the business organizations which actively  explored, extracted, produced, refined, and transported the oil and gas energy in southeast  Saskatchewan, Canada. This research used 89 valid anonymous responses from 32 business  organizations in the data analysis. The statistical test of the simple linear regression showed that  managersâ€™ safety-specific transformational leadership styles in the oil and gas industry in southeast  Saskatchewan, Canada, could significantly predict employees' safety performance. This research has  broad implications since 32 business organizations offered multiple products and services to the local oil and gas industry, including construction, transportation, welding, equipment maintenance, and services. Also, this research has broad generalizability, significant Cronbach's alpha values for measuring  instruments, a medium to large effect size, and higher confidence in the findings. This research encourages the oilfield industry to promote and grow more safety-specific transformational leaders for  higher employee safety performance excellence. 
Promoting students’ critical thinking and scientific attitudes through socio-scientific issues-based flipped classroom
Authors: Sugrah Nurfatimah , Suyanta  , Wiyarsi Antuni
Published: September 2023

Science and technology are developing rapidly, causing changes in teaching modes based on different needs and situations. This study aims to determine the effect of the flipped classroom model, integrated with the socio-scientific issues (FCM-SSI) on critical thinking skills and scientific attitudes of junior high school students on additive and addictive substances and to determine the differences in each aspect of critical thinking skills and scientific attitudes after intervention with FCM-SSI. Through quasi-experimental research with a pretest-posttest design, 182 students participated as samples. The experimental group had 91 students exposed to the FCM-SSI, and the control group had 91 students with traditional learning. For data collection, critical thinking skills test with essay questions and a scientific attitude test using a scientific attitude scale were used. Data were analyzed using MANOVA to see the effects of the learning model and ANOVA to see differences in each aspect. The statistical analysis results with a value of sig 0.000 ≤ 0.05 indicate that FCM-SSI affects students' critical thinking skills and scientific attitudes. The most influential aspect of critical thinking skills is the analytical aspect, and openness is the most influential aspect of scientific attitude. Thus, the FCM-SSI model is highly recommended to be used in science learning because it can improve students' critical thinking skills and scientific attitudes.
The $25-1000 range and inadequate argument on the restoration of the mangrove-seagrass ecosystems
Authors: Nguyen Minh-Hoang , Vuong Quan-Hoang
Published: September 2023

In May 2023, Fakhraee et al. published a research article titled “Ocean alkalinity enhancement through restoration of blue carbon ecosystems” in Nature Sustainability. In this essay, we discuss an assessment of the costs of restoring and maintaining the mangrove-seagrass ecosystems indicated in the article.
The risk of adverse effects on fauna conservation due to agricultural interests
Authors: Nguyen Minh-Hoang , Vuong Quan-Hoang
Published: September 2023

The essay title is also the overarching content of the article published in Conservation Letters, August 2023. One of the article’s most notable findings is mentioned as follows: “Specifically, threatened vertebrate fauna with habitat capable of supporting highvalue productive lands received less protection and experienced greater habitat loss.”
KẾT QUẢ NGHIÊN CỨU TRONG LĨNH VỰC KHOA HỌC XÃ HỘI VÀ NHÂN VĂN CỦA CÁC CƠ SỞ GIÁO DỤC ĐẠI HỌC VIỆT NAM GIAI ĐOẠN 1965 - 2020: PHÂN TÍCH TỪ DỮ LIỆU SCOPUS
Authors: Hiep Pham , Hai Luong Dinh
Published: September 2023

Trong bối cảnh hội nhập quốc tế, xu hướng nghiên cứu khoa học của các cơ sở giáo dục đại học (GDĐH) hiện đang diễn ra mạnh mẽ, đặc biệt là những năm gần đây. Hoạt động này được thức đẩy thông qua các chính sách, chương trình của Chính phủ, các bộ/ngành liên quan và của các cơ sở GDĐH Việt Nam. Cùng với khoa học tự nhiên và công nghệ (KHTN&CN), khoa học xã hội và nhân văn (KHXH&NV) cũng có sự đóng góp đáng kể từ phía các cơ sở GDĐH. Hướng đến phác họa bức tranh tổng thể, báo cáo này phân tích thực trạng công bố quốc tế trong lĩnh vực KHXH&NV của các cơ sở GDĐH tại Việt Nam trong giai đoạn 1965-2020, và dữ liệu được trích xuất từ cơ sở dữ liệu Scopus.
Nới giới hạn sử dụng hóa chất emamectin trong nuôi trồng cá hồi: Thỏa thuận trong bóng tối và sự bày biện lóng ngóng
Authors: Salmon Scot
Published: September 2023

Trong thảo luận ngắn này, xin giới thiệu lại một bài điều tra tổng hợp về trường hợp cơ quan quản lý Scotland đã thống nhất với ý kiến của các đại diện công nghiệp nuôi trồng-chế biến cá hồi nhằm nới lỏng kiểm soát hóa chất diệt ký sinh, vốn được biết là độc hại (gọi chung là pesticide), có tên emamectin. Cụ thể các giới hạn sử dụng được nới lỏng để tăng 23 lần, sau các “thương thảo trong bóng tối” với đại diện giới chủ. Bài báo đăng trên Ferret, ngày 21-5-2023, ký tên tác giả R. Edwards.
Animating history: An energy Sankey movie, 1800–2019
Authors: Suits Robert , Kleeman Beb , Matteson Nathan , Moyer Liz , Munakami Milson , reddivari kalyan
Published: September 2023

Concern over climate change is driving interest in changing the U.S. energy system, which is the result of two centuries of gradual development. Visualizing this evolution is vital to understanding this system, but visualizations in energy history do not fully capture its dynamics. In this project, we present an animated “Sankey diagram” that shows the evolution of the U.S. energy system from 1800 to the present. Sankey diagrams are commonly used to compactly represent energy systems, showing the flow of various energy types from primary sources to end uses. However, Sankey diagrams are rarely animated, because of the computational and graphical challenge in developing a generalizable architecture for presenting information cleanly. The project we present therefore involves both archival historical research and development of new software tools.
Ethical Reasoning vs. Empathic Bias: A False Dichotomy?
Authors: Law Kyle Fiore , Amormino Paige , Marsh Abigail , O'Connor Brendan Bo
Published: September 2023

Does empathy necessarily impede equity in altruism? Emerging findings from cognitive and affective science suggest that rationality and empathy are mutually compatible, contradicting some earlier, prominent arguments that empathy impedes equitable giving. We propose alternative conceptualizations of relationships among empathy, rationality, and equity, drawing on interdisciplinary advances in altruism research.
A systematic review of social connection inventories
Authors: Paris Bastien , Brickau Debora , Stoianova Tetiana , Luhmann Maike , Mikton Christopher , Holt-Lunstad Julianne , Maes Marlies , IJzerman Hans
Published: September 2023

Social connection is vital to health and longevity. To date, a plethora of instruments exists to measure social connection, assessing a variety of aspects of social connection like loneliness, social isolation, or social support. For comparability and consistency of the published literature and for policy recommendations, consolidation and evaluation of the quality of measures is crucial. To answer the call for comparability, in Study 1a, we conducted a systematic review to create a database of social connection measures (N=xx) for its structure (N=xx), function (N=xx), and quality components (N=xx), spanning [YEAR] to [YEAR]; after which, in Study 1b, we assessed the heterogeneity of these existing measures through an item-content analysis relying both on human coders, as well as ChatGPT. We identified a total of XX item categories (XX for structure, XX for function, and XX for quality components) with a Jaccard index of XX for structure, XX for function, and XX for quality components. To answer the call for quality assessment, in Study 2a, we conducted a second systematic review on the measures found in Study 1a, creating a database documenting overall validity evidence. In Study 2b, we then evaluated the measurement properties using the COnsensus-based Standards for the Selection of health Measurement Instruments. We found the measurement properties to be [sufficient / insufficient / inconsistent / indeterminate], [sufficient / insufficient / inconsistent / indeterminate], and [sufficient / insufficient / inconsistent / indeterminate]; with [high/moderate/low/very low], [high/moderate/low/very low], and [high/moderate/low/very low] quality of evidence for the structure, function, and quality components, respectively. Finally, we identified the country of origin of the measures and the population groups with which they were developed, using data from Study 1a. Most of the measures were developed in [country name] (XX%) and for [add population characteristics] (XX%). [Overall conclusion].
Does adult-child co-use during digital media use improve children's learning aged 0-6 years? A systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Taylor Gemma , Sala Giovanni , Kolak Joanna , Gerhardstein Peter , Lingwood Jamie
Published: September 2023

Young children spend a significant and increasing amount of time using digital media. Thus, a clear understanding of how best to support children’s learning from digital media is important. A specific recommendation by some professional bodies is that parental co-use should be applied to scaffold children’s learning from digital media. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the association between adult-child co-use on 0–6-year-old children’s learning from digital media. The analysis was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We identified 17 studies investigating typically developing 0–6-year-old children's learning outcomes from digital media use with an adult for inclusion in this meta-analysis. We extracted 100 effect sizes (Ntotal = 1,288) from studies published between 1977 and 2022. Our meta-analysis found a small positive association of adult-child co-use on children’s learning from digital media (g = 0.198, 95% CIs: 0.059 – 0.337, p = 0.009); none of our moderator analyses were significant. While the evidence suggests a positive role of adult-child co-use, support for this conclusion was limited by small sample sizes and a lack of variety in study design. These issues limited the statistical power of our moderator analyses. The effect is, however, clearly significant and suggests that a real effect exists in the practice of co-use, but future research systematically exploring the mechanisms by which adult-child co-use supports children’s learning is warranted.
Postprint: Unpacking L2 explicit linguistic knowledge and online processing of the English modals may and can: A comparison of acceptability judgments and self-paced reading
Authors: Mifka-Profozic Nadia , O'Reilly David
Published: September 2023

The present study uses self-paced reading as a measure of online processing and an acceptability judgement task as a measure of offline explicit linguistic knowledge, to understand L2 learners’ comprehension processes and their awareness of subtle differences between the modal auxiliaries may and can. Participants were two groups of university students: 42 native speakers of English and 41 native speakers of Croatian majoring in L2 English. The study is part of a larger project which has provided empirical evidence of the two modals, may and can, being mutually exclusive when denoting ability (can) and epistemic possibility (may), but equally acceptable in pragmatic choices expressing permission. The present results revealed that L1 and L2 speakers rated the acceptability of sentences in offline tasks similarly; however, L2 learners showed no sensitivity to verb context mismatches in epistemic modality, while demonstrating sensitivity when processing modals expressing ability. Implications for L2 acquisition of modals and future research are discussed.
What is sludge? Comparing Sunstein's definition to others'
Authors: Newall Philip Warren Stirling
Published: September 2023

Thaler and Sunstein’s book Nudge revolutionised how behavioural science is applied to public policy, with a simple and yet broad recommendation to build decision environments in ways that made people better off, as judged by themselves (Thaler & Sunstein, 2008). This idea has been attractive to many policymakers and academics, as nudges only encourage certain choices, rather than mandate them (Sanders, Snijders, & Hallsworth, 2018). The Behavioural Insights Team, originally setup by the UK Prime Minister David Cameron, did much of the early work implementing nudging in practice. Their “EAST framework”, emphasizes how nudges could work by making preferred choices easy, attractive, social, or timely (Behavioural Insights Team, 2014). This early work by the Behavioural Insights Team gives pension auto-enrolment is an example of a nudge that makes things easy, and the provision of information about neighbours’ energy consumption is an example of a social nudge. Both of these nudges can help improve household financial health, and so should help to make many people better off. In recent years both Thaler and Sunstein have turned to a logical extension of their original idea, by looking at ways that decision environments can be built to make people worse off. This problem of ‘sludge’ was covered by Thaler (2018) first, has been subject to multiple papers by Sunstein (Sunstein, 2018; Sunstein, 2020; Sunstein & Gosset, 2020), and formed a chapter of the latest edition of Nudge (Thaler & Sunstein, 2021). Here I review Sunstein’s new book, Sludge: What stops us from getting things done and what to do about it, the longest work from either of these two authors on sludge.
Measurement reliability of individual differences in sentence processing: A cross-methodological reading corpus and Bayesian analysis.
Authors: Haller Patrick , Ding Cui , Koncic Iva , Reich David , Stegenwallner-Schütz Maja , Jäger Lena A.
Published: September 2023

Psycholinguistic theories traditionally assume similar cognitive mechanisms across different speakers. However, more recently, researchers have begun to recognize the need to consider individual differences when explaining human cognition. An increasing body of work has been investigating how individual differences interact with human sentence processing. Implicitly, these studies lead to the conclusion that individual effects were replicable over experimental sessions, and the method of assessment (e.g., eye-tracking vs self-paced reading). However, as established by the reliability paradox (Hedge, 2018), this assumption is unwarranted. A crucial first step for a principled investigation of individual differences in sentence processing thus is to establish their measurement reliability, that is, the correlation of individual-level effects across multiple experimental sessions and methodological contexts. In this work, we present the first naturalistic reading corpus with four experimental sessions from each participant (two eye-tracking and two self-paced reading sessions) including a comprehensive assessment of participants' cognitive capacities and reading skills. We deploy a two-task Bayesian hierarchical model to assess the measurement reliability of individual differences among a range of effects in response to predictors of sentence processing difficulty that are well-established at the population level. While the word length effect was shown to be stable, higher-level psycholinguistic predictors such as lexical frequency, surprisal, dependency distance, and the number of to-be-integrated dependencies exhibited less stable individual effects over time. Moreover, we observed poor cross-methodological reliability in most individual effects. Our study also suggests that the stability of individuals' reading behavior in response to psycholinguistic predictors is associated with cognitive capacities such as intelligence and working-memory.
The computational substrates of holistic face processing in cognitive control
Authors: WANG Mengxiao , Nie Qi-Yang
Published: September 2023

Upright faces are considered to be processed more holistically than inverted faces in the face inversion and face composite as well as parts-whole paradigms. However, little is known about whether the holistic face processing is affected by face orientation in the conflict tasks, which computations characterize cognitive control mechanisms of upright and inverted faces in these conflict tasks, and whether the holistic cognitive control mechanism is manifested differentially in determining the direction of arrow and gaze. Here, we address these questions by asking participants to perform a novel arrow-gaze Stroop task including arrow judgment task and gaze judgment task. We show that the congruency effect is ostensibly not affected by the upright or inverted faces in our modified Stroop task. Consistent with previous findings, we find that the magnitude of the congruency effect is larger for gaze than arrow judgment. By conducting a systematic hierarchical Bayesian estimation of three conflict drift-diffusion models (DDMs) – the diffusion model for conflict tasks (DMC), the dual-stage two-phase (DSTP) model and the shrinking spotlight (SSP) model, our study provides the first model-based assessment of holistic face processing-related cognitive control mechanisms. Fits of the models to data reveal a superiority of SSP over DMC and DSTP. The SSP accounts for our findings that 1) holistic face processing only affects the underlying factors in the arrow task instead of ostensible performance, however, part-based processing affects both levels in the gaze task; 2) both shared and dissociable attentional effects exist between eye gaze and arrow stimuli. These results provide valuable evidence of computational substrates in holistic face processing of cognitive control and in social & non-social attentional mechanisms.
Language induced changes of mind: shifts in categorical colour perception after a short language learning experience
Authors: Peirolo Morgane , Fairs Amie , thierry guillaume , Runnqvist Elin
Published: September 2023

This study investigated the reorganization of perceptual categories following a short language learning experience. A first goal was to investigate the interaction of previous labels with learning and potential language-induced effects on categorical perception. A second goal was to determine whether language learning might make similar colours more distinctly perceived (within category separation) and/or more dissimilar colours less distinctly perceived (between category compression). A third goal was to assess whether potential effects would be persistent, indicating authentic learning and reorganization of the semantic space. In two experiments, native French participants were asked to learn new labels for two nuances of each of four hues. Across participants, we manipulated whether the colours had a previous robust label (ETN colours) or not (HTN colours). Linguistic similarity of labels for different nuances and hues was manipulated within participants. Speakers then had to rate the perceived similarity of colour pairs. Results showed that colours that had a previous robust label were persistently rated as more similar if they had similar new labels. These findings highlight 1) a key role of spreading activation and lexico-semantic strengthening induced by competition as a drive of second language learning, and 2) an impressive malleability of the human perception-based interpretation of the world.
Testing similarity in longitudinal networks: The Individual Network Invariance Test (INIT)
Authors: Hoekstra Ria H. A. , Epskamp Sacha , Nierenberg Andy , Borsboom Denny , McNally Richard J.
Published: September 2023

The comparison of idiographic network structures in order to determine the presence of heterogeneity is a challenging endeavor in many applied settings. Previously, researchers eyeballed idiographic networks, computed correlations between idiographic networks, as well as used techniques that make use of the multilevel structure of the data (e.g., GIMME and mlVAR) to investigate individual differences. However, these methods do not allow for testing the equality of idiographic network structures directly. In this paper, we propose the Individual Network Invariance Test (INIT). INIT extends common model comparison practices in Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to idiographic network structures to test for (in)equality between idiographic network structures. In a simulation study, we evaluated the performance of INIT on both saturated and pruned idiographic network structures by inspecting the rejection rate of the χ2 difference test and of model selection criteria such as the AIC and BIC. Results show INIT performs adequately when 100 or more data points are available per individual. When applying INIT on saturated networks, AIC performed best as a model selection criteria, while BIC showed better results when applying INIT on pruned networks. In an empirical example, we highlight the possibilities of this new technique, illustrating how INIT provides researchers with a means of testing for (in)equality between idiographic network structures, and within idiographic network structures over time. To conclude, recommendations for empirical researchers are provided.
Computational mechanisms underlying the emergence of theory of mind in children
Authors: Nong Thinh-Toan Axel , Qu Chen , Li Yansong , Woo Jae Hyung , Yuqian WANG , Van der Henst Jean-Baptiste , PHILIPPE Rémi , DERRINGTON Edmund , Soltani Alireza , Dreher Jean-Claude
Published: September 2023

The ability to decipher the intentions of other agents and to mentalize how one’s own choice might influence others’ behavior is essential for social interaction, especially when these intentions fluctuate over time between competitive and cooperative strategies. Little is known about how and when this Advanced Theory of Mind (AToM) ability develops during childhood. Is its development conceptually driven, or does it result from an increase in the general information-processing capacities with age? We used a computational modeling approach to elucidate these questions. We implemented a card-matching task in which 193 children (101 females) from ages 3.1 to 8.8 thought they were playing with another player. Actually, they played with an algorithm that alternated without warning between cooperative and competitive strategies in blocks. Younger children in kindergarten mostly relied on a simple Bayesian decision process that tracked the probability of the other agent to choose a target based on the agent’s previous action. Starting at 8 years old, most children were able to actively mentalize their influence on the other’s decision, and to arbitrate between cooperative and competitive intentions when making adaptive social decisions. Altogether, these results suggest that an important developmental milestone occurs at the age of 8 years old, when children conceptually realize their own influence on others, and the importance of actively tracking others’ intentions in volatile situations. This study documents significant developmental stages in mid-childhood AToM abilities and suggests that the conceptual insights that occur during this period are critical for social cognition.
Constructing a Mothers’ Culture: Affective Bargains in Branding Discourses
Authors: Mary Sophie Marie , Duschinsky Robbie , Coughlan Barry , Dunnett Susan
Published: September 2023

Cultural studies has often favoured a Foucauldian framework that focuses on the role that discourses play in shaping individuals’ subject positions. The task of researchers has been to unravel normative discourses and/or identify acts of resistance. In practice, this frequently presupposes a duality between (passive) dominance and (active) resistance, treating as automatic and uninteresting the terms upon which dominant discourses are negotiated and accepted. But conformity to norms can be more complex. This article argues for extending Foucault by exploring the affective dimension of cultural discourses and their acceptance. We build on the theory of Lauren Berlant to analyse five brands targeted at UK mothers. We identify a mothers’ culture: a normative domain where a set of difficulties associated with managing both the imaginary and the lived practices of motherhood are expressed and organised through discourses.
Female Veterans’ risk factors for homelessness: A scoping review
Authors: Short Michael , Felder Stephanie , Baird Lisa Garland , Gamble Brenda
Published: September 2023

LAY SUMMARY

Homelessness is a problem among female Canadian Veterans. Approximately 15% of the Canadian Veteran population is female, yet female Veterans constitute approximately 30% of the homeless Canadian Veteran population. In response, the Standing Committee on Veterans Affairs has called for the investigation of homelessness among female Canadian Veterans to address this research gap. A scoping review was conducted on the lived experiences of homeless female Veterans to identify factors associated with homelessness. This review was the initial step in a larger research framework to investigate the lived experiences of homeless Canadian female Veterans. Fifteen articles met the inclusion criteria and were included for synthesis. Four themes were identified, corresponding with the period in which they occurred (pre-military service, post-military service, during military service, and across the lifespan). Several implications are clear. First, Canadian research on female Veteran homelessness is needed. Second, future research must use a framework that accounts for multifactorial and multi-dimensional issues, as well as a sex- and gender-based analysis lens.
PENGARUH BIMBINGAN BELAJAR TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN GAYA BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Wirandini Theodora Astrinia Putri , Tagela Umbu , Windrawanto Yustinus
Published: September 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of tutoring on understanding the learning styles of class XII students at SMK PGRI 2 Salatiga. This type of research is causal comparative research. In this study, the population was 84 students of class XII at SMK PGRI 2 Salatiga and the sample was taken using total sampling technique. Data collection in this study was revealed using a closed questionnaire instrument and the research data were analyzed using a simple linear regression technique with the help of the IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0 program. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant effect of tutoring on understanding the learning styles of class XII students at SMK PGRI 2 Salatiga. These results are proven by obtaining tcount > ttable (10.870 > 1.987) and a probability value (p) of (0.000 <0.05)
HUBUNGAN GRIT DAN RESILIENSI AKADEMIK KELAS X AB DI SMK NEGERI 2 JEMBER TAHUN AJARAN 2021/2022
Authors: Budiono Arifin Nur , Izzah Elok Roudhotul , Mutakin Fakhruddin
Published: September 2023

The Relationship between Grit and Academic Resilience Class X AB at SMK Negeri 2 Jember Academic Year 2021/2022. This research is about the relationship between grit and academic resilience of class X AB at SMK Negeri 2 Jember with 32 students out of 32 students who were taken as a whole using a saturated sample. The method used in this study is the questionnaire method. Data analysis using the correlation coefficient formula by looking for the r product moment. Based on the research results, it can be explained that the product moment correlation analysis obtained an rcount of 0.704. As for the rtable calculation, it shows a correlation value of 0.704 with a total of 32 N. It can be seen that the rcount and rtable values are at a strong degree. Namely, both show a correlation value of 0.704. This means that these two variables are correlated which shows the degree of strong relationship with a positive form of correlation. Thus the conclusion is obtained: There is a relationship between grit and academic resilience of class X AB at SMK Negeri 2 Jember for the 2021/2022 academic year and the results of this correlation are strong. In this thesis also provides suggestions for the perfection of further research and closing is the end of the research report of this thesis.
FAKTOR FAKTOR PENGHAMBAT PELAKSANAAN EVALUASI BIMBINGAN DAN KONSELING DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS KOTA TANGERANG
Authors: Dewi Dwika Sukma , Cahyani Lani , Saleh Zulfa , Fiah Nailusyar , Baen Suprianto , Badrujaman Aip
Published: September 2023

Evaluasi program bimbingan adalah usaha menilai efisiensi dan efektivitas pelayanan bimbingan itu sendiri, khususnya seluruh kegiatan dalam rangka program bimbingan yang dikelola oleh staf bimbingan (Winkel & Hastuti, 2005). Evaluasi pelaksanaan bimbingan merupakan kegiatan menilai keberhasilan layanan dalam bidang bimbingan pribadi, sosial, belajar dan karir (Thantawy, 1995). Untuk menilai suatu keberhasilan maka diperlukan evaluasi program. Menurut Myrick (Badrujaman, 2011) bahwa lima alasan yang menjadi faktor penghambat guru pembimbing tidak melakukan evaluasi program bimbingan dan konseling tidak melakukan evaluasi meliputi: (1) Guru bimbingan dan konseling tidak memiliki cukup waktu melakukan evaluasi program bimbingan dan konseling. (2) Guru bimbingan dan konseling kurang memiliki pengetahuan dan keterampilan dalam melaksanakan evaluasi program  bimbingan dan konseling. (3) Adanya ketakutan guru bimbingan dan konseling terhadap akuntabilitas. (4) Guru bimbingan dan konseling tidak merasa bermasalah kalau tidak melaksanakan evaluasi program bimbingan dan konseling. (5) Guru bimbingan dan konseling berpersepsi bahwa hasil evaluasi program sulit diukur.
METODE PENYULUH AGAMA DALAM MEMOTIVASI MASYARAKAT MUSLIM UNTUK MENJAUHI MAKANAN HARAM DI KECAMATAN TIGANDREKET KABUPATEN KARO
Authors: Harahap Hagiansyah , Mutiawati Mutiawati
Published: September 2023

Indonesia is a country where the majority of the population adheres to Islam as their belief. The availability of halal food and products is a necessity for Muslims to fulfill their daily food needs. The role of an educator of halal products is needed to promote the practice of consuming halal food to increase awareness, understanding and knowledge about the importance of consuming halal food consistently. This study aims to determine the influence of religious instructors in motivating Muslim communities in Tigandreket District, Karo Regency to stay away from unclean foods in consuming food. As a result, it is known that several things are understood by the people in Tigandreket District, Karo Regency regarding halal food, including: the container has a halal symbol, the killing of animals is accompanied by the prayer of Allah (SWT), the method has been followed, and the processing and packaging have been completed, sanitation and kitchen conditions and cold storage areas are both adequate, food does not use alcoholic beverages or pork, is legally obtained without theft, and is produced using legal ingredients. During counseling, community openness and the involvement of other officers in socializing and providing guidance to the community help with the counseling. While the factors that hinder the process of counseling halal products are the lack of supporting media when conducting counseling such as guidebooks or assignment letters.