bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Features of the cerebellar vascular supply (review)
Authors: Kalinichenko M.O.
Published: February 2022

Ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes remain the most devastating diseases of cerebrovascular system. They may cause disorders of speech, memory, mental health or movement. However, stroke can be prevented. Knowledge of the vascularization of the cerebellum and its variations is important for choosing a strategy of prevention and effective treatment of stroke. This review will discuss the variant anatomy of three pairs of cerebellar arteries: superior cerebellar artery (SCA), anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) and posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA). In most cases SCA and AICA arise from basilar artery, PICA arises from vertebral artery. SCA supplies tentorial cerebellar surface and dentate nucleus, AICA – petrosal surface of the cerebellum, flocculus, tegmentum, pons and middle cerebellar peduncles, PICA – suboccipital surface of the cerebellum, tonsil, inferior vermis, fastigial nucleus, choroid plexus and medulla. We conclude that SCA is the most constant artery and PICA is the most variable one. SCA can originate from the junction of the first segment of posterior cerebral artery and basilar artery or directly from the first segment of posterior cerebral artery. AICA can arise from vertebral artery or from common trunk with PICA. Rarely AICA arise from PICA. PICA can originate from basilar artery, extradural part of vertebral artery (C1-C2 or even C2-C3), ascending pharyngeal artery, proatlantal artery, ascending cervical artery or rarely from internal carotid artery. Many analyzed studies showed that PICA can be absent more often than AICA; SCA is almost always present. SCA is also duplicated more than other cerebellar arteries (mostly on the left). Significant difference was found in different studies about frequency of duplication of the AICA. PICA is rarely duplicated. Territories of cerebellar arteries change depending on their origin, course and also on the absence or duplication of the other ones. Many studies showed that SCA, AICA or PICA can dominate and send their branches to the territories of the other arteries which are absent or hypoplastic. The present study also describes classifications of segments of the cerebellar arteries, types of cerebellar vascular supply and superficial vascular network.

Keywords: human, cerebellum, superior cerebellar artery, anterior inferior cerebellar artery, posterior inferior cerebellar artery.
Clinical Supervision Based on Spiritual Quotient to Improve the Performance of Madrasah Teachers
Authors: Thowiyah Siti , Etek Yurnalis , Syahril Sulthan , Fauzan Ahmad , Koderi Koderi
Published: February 2022

The research aimed to analyze the implementation of clinical supervision based on spiritual quotient in improving teachers' performance at State Madrasah Aliyah of Way Kanan Lampung. The research method used was descriptive qualitative. The informants in the research were principals, teachers, and supervisors. The data collections were observation, interviews, and documentation. Furthermore, it was analyzed through three stages: data presentation, data reduction, and data collection. The research showed that first, clinical supervision based on Spiritual Quotient had not been implemented, but ordinary supervision was often implemented. Second, clinical supervision based on Spiritual Quotient adapted to the diversity of teachers will impact self-awareness of their duties, so it was able to improve teachers' performance. The research implications for teachers were self-awareness, a strong desire to change for the better, and overcoming obstacles.
The Religious Guidance Efforts to Prevent Student Moral Decadence
Authors: Daulay Musnar Indra , Cakranegara Pandu Adi , Aldina Fauzi , Supeno Supeno , Syarifudin Achmad
Published: February 2022

This study aims to analyze efforts to prevent moral decadence in students through religious development. The research method used is qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. The objects in this research are teachers and their activities, programs, and extracurricular activities. Informants in this study were principals, vice principals, subject teachers, and activity supervisors. Data were collected through observation and in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed by data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. This study concludes that there are three strategies carried out by the school in an effort to prevent the occurrence of adolescent moral decadence, namely teacher exemplary, religious programs, and religious extracurriculars.
Kent Parklarının Biyofilik Tasarım Kriterlerine Göre Yenilenmesi: İskenderun Millet Parkı Örneği
Authors: ÖZYURT ÖKTEN Sebahat Sinem
Published: February 2022

Dünya nüfusu kentleşmeye devam etmekte ve artan konut ihtiyacı sonucunda temel alan kullanımları arasındaki denge her geçen gün bozulmaktadır. İnsanların fizyolojik ve psikolojik olarak sağlıklı bir yaşam sürmeleri, yaşadıkları mekânlardaki nitelikli yeşil alan kullanımlarıyla ilişkilidir. Nitelikli yeşil alan tasarımında ise son yıllarda gündeme gelen ve üç başlık altında incelenen 14 kriterin sağlanmasıyla oluşturulan biyofilik tasarım uygulamaları, farklı mekânsal kullanım alanlarında insanların doğa ile bağlantılarını yeniden kurmalarına olanak sağlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda mekânda doğa, doğal analoglar ve mekânın doğası başlıkları altında bireylerin doğayla somut ve soyut ilişkiler kurmasını sağlayacak kriterler bulunmaktadır. Biyofilik tasarımın kent içi alan kullanımlarına uygulanması, biyofilik şehircilik kavramını geliştirmiş ve 2013 yılında kurulan biyofilik şehirler ağına üye 24 şehirde biyofilik tasarım temelinde alan kullanım stratejileri geliştirilmiştir. Biyofilik tasarımın ve biyofilik şehirciliğin geliştirilmesi amacıyla sağlanması gereken 14 kriter, uygulama kolaylığı sağlayacak şekilde tasarım sürecinde izlenmesi gereken 42 stratejiyle birlikte ele alınmıştır. Bu kriterler doğrultusunda oluşturulması planlanan biyofilik şehirlerin temelini, biyofilik tasarım kriterlerine uyumlu alan kullanımları oluşturacaktır. Dolayısıyla tasarlanması planlanan alan kullanımlarının yanında, mevcut alanların niteliklerinin artırılması da oldukça önemlidir. Bu kapsamda On Birinci Kalkınma Planında yer verilen yaşanabilir mekânlar ve sürdürülebilir çevre oluşturulması hedefiyle yeşil alanların niteliğinin artırılması ve 81 ilde Millet Bahçeleri’nin hayata geçirilmesi hedefleri doğrultusunda İskenderun Millet Parkı çalışma alanı olarak seçilmiştir. Nitel gözleme dayalı yapılan araştırma kapsamında 2019 yılında kurulan İskenderun Millet Parkı’nın mevcut durumu ve park içi alan kullanımlarının biyofilik tasarım kriterlerine uyumu incelenmiştir. Yapılan değerlendirme sonucunda park tasarımının 14 biyofilik tasarım kriterini %29, biyofilik tasarım kriterlerini sağlayabilmek için geliştirilen 42 stratejiyi ise %27 oranında karşıladığı belirlenmiştir. Mevcut kullanımların, biyofilik tasarım kriterleri kapsamında geliştirilmesi için uygulama örnekleri verilerek önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Using Four Types of Narrative in Teaching Writing for University Students in Indonesia
Authors: Yuskar Bobby
Published: February 2022

This paper is written in a form of library research and its purpose is to search ideas in giving description of how English lecturer able to develop students’ writing skill using narrative writing. The writer selects four types of narrative to improve students’ writing skill after reading several theories from scholars and analyzing their ideas on the application of four narratives. By applying four types of narrative, university students in Indonesia will have better understanding in writing good narrative compositions. And they will also learn how to express their ideas and write them smoothly in the form of narrative writing. Furthermore, the variety of passages in these narrative writings can motivate students to create interesting writing since the nature of these narratives are reflecting their experience directly. In this library research, the writer finds out several advantages which can be obtained from these four narratives. The advantages students can get such as, learn to arrange chronological order inside their writing, expressing experience in dramatic ways, showing the dynamic interpersonal relationships, and increasing their possession for new vocabularies relatively help students to make good narrative writing.
al-Maj?z f? al-Qur’?n al-Kar?m (Dir?satun Wasf?yatun F? Suwari Ibr?h?m wa N?h wa al-Zalzalah wa al-Q?ri’ah)
Authors: Muqit Abdul
Published: February 2022

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ABSTRACT
 The Qur’an has many secrets and miracles that no one knows for sure until they understand the science of rhetoric. Therefore, it is not sufficient for a person to rely on the science of grammar, as well as morphological aspect only to know the secrets of the Qur’an itself. This article investigates which verse contains the metaphor in the Surahs of Abraham, Noah, Al-Zalzalah and Al-Qari’ah; what type of metaphor uses from the previous verses in the Surahs of Abraham, Noah, Al-Zalzalah and Al-Qari’a; and what relation does the metaphor have from the previous verses in the Surahs of Abraham, Noah, Al-Zalzala and Al-Qari’ah. The result of this study suggests that The metaphor found in the surahs of Abraham, Noah, al-Zalzalah and al-Qari'ah was varied, either from the linguistic metaphor as a way of the sent metaphor and metaphor or the mental metaphor, and therefore the relationships in the aforementioned surahs were varied as well.
English Camp as Learning and Teaching Atmosphere of Speaking Ability Development
Authors: Ready A. Fawazien , Indrayani Ninuk
Published: February 2022

Teaching and learning English method recently have become very important issue to discuss as it is seen to not be effective anymore. This is proven by the majority of students who cannot achieve the learning target even when they learn English for many years. English Camp serves as a method that gives the teacher and the student a new learning atmosphere in which it can be done either inside or outside the classroom. This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach where the data were collected through observation, interview, and documentation. The date then was analyzed by using triangulation consisting the process of; data condensation, the display of the data, conclusion verification. The result of this research suggested that English Camp is perceived as an effective atmosphere for English learners and teachers in achieving the learning objective. It can improve students speaking performance for speaking is all about forming habits when this is the focus of the entire learning activities.
Bagaimana Komitmen Organisasional Memediasi Pengaruh Karakteristik Pekerjaan dan Employee Engagement terhadap Kinerja
Authors: Bedagama Fanny Monica H , Tjahjaningsih Endang
Published: February 2022

This study aims to analyze the effect of job characteristics and employee engagement on performance by mediating organizational commitment to employees of PT Jati Luhur Agung Semarang. The research sample was all 115 employees of PT Jati Luhur Agung Semarang (Factory 1) with census sampling technique. The data analysis technique used instrument test, model test, regression test, and sobel test using SPSS 24 software. The results showed that job characteristics had no effect on organizational commitment. Employee engagement had a positive effect on organizational commitment. Job characteristics had a positive effect on performance. Employee engagement had a positive effect on performance. Organizational commitment had a positive effect on performance. Organizational commitment does not mediate the effect of job characteristics on performance while organizational commitment mediates employee engagement on performance.
Pengaruh Pelatihan terhadap Kinerja Asisten Pembiayaan di PT Bank BNI Syariah
Authors: Kusumawati Rizqi Adhyka
Published: February 2022

This study aims to evaluate the training process in the Learning Centre Unit at PT Bank BNI Syariah, (Persero), Tbk. This research is qualitative data collection methods in the form of observation and interviews with parties which is directly related to the activities of the Learning Centre Unit and the training participants. The list of questions had been structured according to Kirkpatrick & Kirkpatrick's theory as well as theory prevailing performance. Respondents are employees of PT Bank BNI Syariah (Persero), Tbk. especially those who served as a Financing Assistant. The results of observations and interviews show that there is an influence between training and improving the performance of PT Bank BNI Financing Assistant Syariah, (Persero) Tbk. and the behaviour level is the most variable dominantly affect the increase in employee performance after getting training. This is indicated by the percentage increase in the pre-test value and post-test and achievement of employee targets after attending training. Result interviewed 30 participants from 3 generations who attended the training said that 75% of the training participants were very helpful and happy get training so that helps them in completing work with new knowledge and ways.
Apakah Akun Media Sosial Berbasis Konten Pariwisata Menciptakan Keinginan Wisatawan untuk Mengunjungi Destinasi Wisata?
Authors: Nasution Olivia Barcelona
Published: February 2022

Online tourism marketing is one of the most effective marketing efforts to do nowadays, especially in digital era. This study aims to examine the effect of source credibility and content quality on tourists perceived image and the effect of perceived image on the intention to visit tourism destinations. The research model was tested using data from questionnaires distributed online (n = 263) and using Structural Equation Modeling analysis. All hypotheses in this study are accepted and source credibility has the most influence on tourists’ the perceived image.
The Effects of Instruction Dimension, Environmental Dimension and Student Trust Toward Indonesian Student’s Satisfaction in Online Learning of SAP (ERP)
Authors: Kusumasari Lita , Arini Prima Rosita , Rajasakera Jay , Alsolami Badr
Published: February 2022

Student's satisfaction has important role in improving student's performance and the academic institution quality. Due to the outbreak of Covid-19, an academic institutes shifted their traditional learning methods to online classes. In teaching SAP, which is prominent software for Enterprise Resource Planning, the student's satisfaction requires further attention because of the subject complexity; in terms of delivery mode and infrastructure requirements. Hence, this paper aims at examining the student's satisfaction for SAP courses during the outbreak. The examination includes relationship between factors that include instructor's dimension, environmental dimension, student trust and student satisfaction. A total of 332 responses were collected from students who were involved in SAP subjects and experienced the transition of traditional teaching to online teaching of the subject. The data was analyzed using SPSS for descriptive analysis and AMOS for Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Internal consistency of the research instrument, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy and exploratory factor analysis revealed that the research instrument was suitable. The findings indicate that instruction dimension significantly affected environmental dimension, student trust and student satisfaction. Environmental dimension significantly affected student trust and student trust significantly affecting student satisfaction. Student trust is mediating the relationship between instruction dimension and environmental dimension toward student satisfaction. Moreover, the results show that instructor plays dominant role toward student trust and student satisfaction. The learning environment, which include interaction between students and lecturer, enhances the student to overcome difficulties while learning online. These findings are critical in understanding the students' satisfaction in online learning and contribute in improving the learning environment.
Market Service Retribution Optimization Strategy through the Root Cause Approach
Authors: Suparmono Suparmono , Junaidi Junaidi , Suryanto Suryanto
Published: February 2022

This article aims to analyze the problems that occur in the non-optimal acceptance of market service retribution and design optimization strategies in Kebumen Regency, Central Java Province. The analytical tool used to analyze the main problem is to use a root cause analysis (RCA) approach and SWOT Analysis. After being analyzed using RCA, the next step is to map out possible strategies to be applied in overcoming these problems with internal and external approaches. From the results of the analysis, it was found that the acceptance of market service retribution was not optimal due to the low awareness of traders in paying levies, the decline in economic activity due to the impact of the pandemic, and the development of modern markets whose regulation was a little late. On the other hand, the development of information technology has resulted in changes in people's shopping patterns through online shopping. This condition certainly needs to be overcome with the right strategy from the government while maintaining healthy competition and controlling modern market outlets. The contribution of this research is that the analysis is carried out comprehensively using several approaches, which are different from previous studies.
БЎЛАЖАК ИНГЛИЗ ТИЛИ ЎҚИТУВЧИЛАРИНИНГ ИЛМИЙ (AКАДЕМИК) УСЛУБДА ЁЗИШ МАҲОРАТИНИ ТАКОМИЛЛАШТИРИШДА БАҲОЛАШ УСУЛЛАРИ
Authors: ALIMARDONOVA Malika
Published: February 2022

Мақолада бўлажак инглиз тили ўқитувчиларининг илмий ёзиш маҳоратини ривожлантиришда тўғри ва самарали баҳолаш усуллари баён этилган. Мавзунинг аҳамияти шундаки, чет тилига ихтисослашган олий таьлим муассасаларида таҳсил олаётган талабалар учун илмий услубда юқори савияда ёзиш маҳоратини ошириш нечоғлик муҳим аҳамият касб этганлиги таҳлил қилинган. Муаллиф чет тилини ўқитиш жараёнида илмий услубда ёзиш кўникмасини баҳолашда тўғри ёндашишёндашув усуллари ҳақидаги хориж олимларининг фикрларини таҳлил қилган. Хусусан, илмий услубда ёзиш қонун-қоидаларига таъриф берган, ёзма ишга ўргатиш босқичлари, ёзма ишларни баҳолаш мезонлари билан таништирган, ёзма топшириқлар тури ҳақида сўз юритган. Чет тили ўқитувчилари одатда чет тилида илмий услубда ёзишни баҳолашни жиддий муаммо деб билишади, айниқса ўқув дастурида бир нечта ёзиш вазифалари талаб қилинадиган бўлса. Шуни инобатга олган ҳолда, ушбу мақола битирувчи талабаларнинг ёзма ишларига берилган устуворликларни баҳолашни мақсад қилган. Мақола натижалари ўқитувчилар томонидан қабул қилинган фарқланмаган баҳолаш ёндашувларининг муҳим тафсилотларини очиб бера олган. Ёзма нутқнинг мазмунан бойлиги ва равонлиги ҳақидаги мулоҳазалардан келиб чиқсак, бир нечта ёзув тузилмаларида ёзиш вазифаси қандай бўлишидан қатъи назар, бир хил аҳамиятга эга, шуни инобатга олган ҳолда, ушбу мақола академик ёзувни баҳолашдаги камчиликларга янги ва самарали маълумотларни тақдим этган.
НОФИЛОЛОГИК ОЛИЙ ЎҚУВ ЮРТЛАРИ ТАЛАБАЛАРИДА ЛЕКСИК КОМПЕТЕНЦИЯНИ ШАКЛЛАНТИРИШНИНГ НАЗАРИЙ АСОСЛАРИ
Authors: BAKIROVA Khilola
Published: February 2022

Мазкур мақолада нофилологик олий ўқув юртлари талабаларида лексик компетенцияни шакллантиришнинг назарий асослари тахлил қилинган. Бунда терминологик маданият лексик компетенцияни шакллантиришда чет тил таълимининг бош мақсади сифатида илмий адабиётларда ўрганилиши: термин, терминология, терминологик компетенция, терминологик компетентлик, терминологик маданият тушунчаларининг илмий талқини назарий жиҳатдан ўрганилиб умумлаштирилган. Ҳар қандай соҳа мутаҳассисининг касбий тайёргарлиги даражасини белгилаб берувчи омиллардан бири бу чет тилда эркин мулоқотга кириша олишлигидир. Бўлажак мутахассисларни мулоқотга ўргатиш жараёнида коммуникатив компетенция шаклланади. Шу нуқтаи назардан, мақолада комуникатив компетенциянинг компонентларидан бўлган лингвистик компетенция таркибига кирувчи лексик компетенцияни шакллантириш ва ривожлантириш ҳамда мазкур жараёндаги мутахассислик терминологиясининг ўрни ва аҳамияти ҳақида фикр юритилди.
Elezioni e partiti nella Serbia post-comunista (1990-2004)
Authors: Possanzini Davide
Published: February 2022

La scarsa attenzione prestata dalla letteratura politologica alla complessa ricostruzione democratica della Repubblica Serba fornisce valide motivazioni al presente saggio che intende affrontare le problematiche insite ad un processo di transizione ancora in atto. Gli stravolgimenti politici occorsi negli ultimi anni non hanno agevolato il consolidamento di questa giovane democrazia, comunque meritevole di una prima lettura interpretativa, per quanto prematura essa possa apparire. La mutevole natura del sistema politico serbo ha compromesso la trasformazione democratica guidata dalla vecchia elite comunista consentendo, però, l’instaurazione di un’effettiva democrazia elettorale da parte dell’opposizione politica, oggi meno esposta ai richiami autoritari. Nello specifico, questo studio prende in esame lo sviluppo del sistema elettorale e partitico serbo dal crollo del regime comunista ai giorni nostri, soffermandosi sul processo d’involuzione subito dal regime pseudo-democratico serbo alla fine degli anni novanta. A tal proposito, sono stati presi in considerazione tutti i provvedimenti costituzionali e gli strumenti di ingegneria elettorale adottati ed escogitati dal Partito Socialista per garantirsi una prolungata supremazia politica. L’utilizzo di grafici e di indici statistici ha consentito la ricostruzione dello schema evolutivo dei partiti e la simulazione di un suo diverso sviluppo a differenti condizioni aggregative. La proiezione cartografica dei risultati elettorali registrati nei singoli comuni (qui ridimensionata per ovvi limiti di spazio) è servita a semplificare la lettura del panorama politico scaturito da ogni consultazione. Sebbene recenti studi abbiano contribuito ad individuare nuove fratture partitiche nel corso delle transizioni democratiche avviate in Europa orientale, la sistematizzazione dei dati empirici serbi ha messo in risalto alcuni degli storici cleavages partitici utilizzati da Rokkan per spiegare la formazione degli Stati-nazione occidentali. Per quanto la frattura nazionalistica risulti esplicativa dello sviluppo partitico serbo, essa sembra rivestire un ruolo secondario ed apparente, di causa accidentale adottando le parole di Weber, in quanto determinato dalla strategia diversiva del Partito Socialista. Dal raffronto dei dati elettorali con il loro contesto geografico è emerso, infatti, un perenne conflitto tra centro/periferia e città/campagna come causazione adeguata all’evoluzione partitica in senso nazionalistico.
La mobilitazione inattesa. Le primarie del centrosinistra: geografia, politica e sociologia
Authors: Diamanti Ilvo , Bordignon Fabio
Published: February 2022

Le primarie, organizzate dall’Unione di centrosinistra, domenica 16 ottobre 2005, costituiscono un caso singolare. Hanno, infatti, offerto molti motivi di sorpresa agli osservatori e agli analisti, ma anche ai leader della coalizione. Ha sorpreso, sicuramente, l’afflusso alla consultazione. Più di quattro milioni di elettori. Ha sorpreso, altresì, l’alto livello dei consensi attribuiti a Prodi, il candidato dei partiti dell’Ulivo. Nessuno si attendeva un partecipazione così ampia, né un consenso tanto elevato all’ex presidente della Commissione europea.

D’altra parte, trattandosi di primarie “di coalizione”, esse costituivano un’esperienza “singolare”. Inedita, in ambito europeo. E, per questo, “sorprendente”. Sicuramente diversa dal “modello americano”, dove la competizione è davvero aperta: non c’è un vincitore sicuro; si rivolge agli elettori di un “partito” (per quanto ampio, trasversale e focalizzato sulla missione “elettorale” e, parallelamente, sulla selezione dei candidati alle cariche di governo), non di una coalizione; e si svolge attraverso una sequenza di consultazioni, nei diversi stati.

Da ciò la sorpresa per una partecipazione tanto elevata che suscita interesse. In particolare, il confronto si concentra su due questioni: 1) le ragioni di una partecipazione tanto ampia; 2) la riproducibilità dell’esperienza.
Le primarie in Toscana: la nuova legge, la prima sperimentazione
Authors: Floridia Antonio
Published: February 2022

Il 2005 sarà senza dubbio ricordato, negli annali della politica italiana, come l’anno delle “primarie”: ma, in particolare, il 20 febbraio di quest’anno potrà essere segnato come la data che ha visto, per la prima volta in Italia, lo svolgimento di elezioni primarie regolate da una legge, la legge della Regione Toscana che porta il n. 70, approvata il 15 dicembre del 2004.

In questa relazione ci proponiamo dapprima di illustrare i contenuti e le caratteristiche di questa legge, la logica e le motivazioni che hanno ispirato le diverse soluzioni adottate, le alternative e le ipotesi che sono state discusse nel corso del processo di elaborazione delle nuove norme. Nella seconda parte, guarderemo ai risultati delle primarie toscane, valutando soprattutto le forme e i livelli della partecipazione elettorale; la varietà dei modelli competitivi da cui queste elezioni primarie sono state caratterizzate nelle diverse province della regione; il significato che esse hanno assunto nel contesto peculiare del sistema politico regionale, proprio a partire dal tema, e dall’alternativa, che abbiamo posto al centro del nostro incontro di studio: ossia, le primarie come selezione delle candidature e le primarie come fonte di legittimazione della leadership.
Elettori e partecipazione nelle elezioni primarie del 16 ottobre 2005. Un'analisi descrittiva basata su dati di survey
Authors: Morini Mara , Orzati Lia , Venturino Fulvio
Published: February 2022

Ormai da alcuni anni anche in Italia si è consolidata una tradizione di studi elettorali basata sull’impiego di dati di survey. La particolarità di un’elezione primaria rispetto ad un’elezione politica tradizionale e l’estensione del diritto di voto per le primarie a tutti i cittadini pongono problemi particolari nel ricorso a questa tecnica. Nelle pagine che seguono presentiamo una ricerca sulle elezioni del 16 ottobre basata su dati di livello individuale ottenuti per mezzo di un exit-poll compiuto in alcuni seggi dislocati in tre città. Il paragrafo 2 presenta il metodo di rilevazione dei dati. Nei paragrafi 3 e 4 descriviamo alcune caratteristiche sociologiche e politiche dei partecipanti. Il paragrafo 5 tratta del voto espresso in occasione delle primarie e degli orientamenti degli elettori del centrosinistra in vista delle elezioni politiche del 2006. Nelle conclusioni tracciamo un breve bilancio delle primarie del centrosinistra e valutiamo alcuni possibili esiti prodotti nel medio e lungo periodo dalla radicale democratizzazione delle candidature prodotta dalle primarie aperte.
Sfide locali e prospettive nazionali nelle elezioni regionali francesi del 21 e 28 marzo 2004
Authors: Passarelli Gianluca
Published: February 2022

La regionalizzazione in Francia.

Elezioni regionali e sistemi dei partiti in Francia.

I sistemi elettorali adottati per le regioni.

I risultati del 21 e 28 marzo 2004.

L'astensionismo.

I risultati in tre regioni.
The effect of doping with pt impurity on ti clusters: a density functional theory study
Authors: Phaahla TM , Ngoepe PE , Catlow RA , Chauke HR
Published: February 2022

Transition metal nanoclusters have been greatly investigated in various areas such as catalysis, energy conversion and sensing due to their unique chemical, optical, structural, and electronic properties. Doping monometallic clusters with other metals offer the opportunity to enhance these properties. Extensive work has been done on late transition metal clusters i.e., noble and platinum metals. However, less work has been done on titanium metal clusters. The structural properties of TiN-1Pt (N = 2 – 16) clusters have been investigated using the density functional theory method with the PBEsol exchange-correlation functional. Our results showed that the binding energies for both systems decrease with cluster size N. The Ti12Pt cluster was found to be more enhanced in comparison with pure Ti revealed by the binding energy, relative stability and dissociation energy. Furthermore, binding, relative stability and dissociation energies were found to be enhanced as compared to the energies for Ti monometallic clusters.
Thermo-mechanical processing and phase analysis of titanium alloys with copper additions
Authors: Ukabhai KD , Nape KT , Spotose L , Mavundla M , Mwamba IA , Bodunrin MO , Chown LH , Cornish LA
Published: February 2022

In dentistry and orthopaedics, to replace and mend broken bones, any replacement material needs to have: low density, high strength, good biocompatibility and must be able to integrate closely with the bone. Titanium-based alloys have these properties, although currently used alloys contain toxic elements, and commercially pure Ti does not have sufficient strength. Within ten years, 7% of dental implants have complete failure, mainly from bacterial infection. Therefore α + β type Ti-alloys were developed by adding b stabilisers, with similar phase proportions to Ti-6Al-4V without the toxic elements, with Cu additions for antibacterial properties and Ru for corrosion resistance. Deformation behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-Ta-Nb Zr alloys were also studied using a Gleeble thermomechanical simulator. The compositions of the new alloys were derived using Thermo-Calc. Ti-8Nb-4Zr alloys had bimodal microstructures and the addition of Cu formed the Ti2Cu phase. The Ti-6Ta-1.5Zr and Ti-6Ta-1.5Zr-0.2Ru alloys with no Cu had coarse α lamellae, whereas the alloys with Cu had parallel α plates. The Gleeble results showed that higher flow stresses were obtained at higher strain rates and lower temperatures, agreeing with literature. At 850 °C, the Ti-6Al-4V alloy had higher flow stresses than Ti-10.1Ta-1.7Nb-1.6Zr. The Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-10.1Ta-1.7Nb-1.6Zr alloys had steady-state flow stresses at 950 °C, and continuous flow softening at 850 °C for both strain rates.
Characterisation of Spheroidised tungsten carbide metco 32c powder using radio frequency plasma
Authors: Dire RM , Bissett H , Delport D , Premlall K
Published: February 2022

Metco 32C is a coarse grey powder, which mostly consists of tungsten carbide and cobalt; with small traces of nickel, chromium, boron, iron silicon and carbon. Metco 32C powder has the role of supporting oxidation and corrosion resistance at high temperatures as well as increasing the hardness of the coated materials.

The spheroidal morphology of Metco 32C improves flowability during layer application methods such thermal spraying. There has been a growing interest in the development / improvement of methods producing powders of cast tungsten carbide and other high-melting-point materials of uniform composition, characterised by a high sphericity of the particles and having higher physical-mechanical properties. Spherical particles are generally preferred in the additive manufacturing process as they pack together for uniform powder bed density, better flowability in machinery, eliminate internal cavities and fractures resulting in a better quality of final product. Similarly, thermal spraying processes also require dense, spherical particles to ensure consistency and reproducibility of the feeding mechanism as well as interaction between the feedstock and thermal spraying heat source. The process of transforming irregularly shaped powder particles into spherical shapes is known as the spheroidisation process and this can be achieved by plasma spheroidisation.

It was found that the spheroidisation ratio of the powder increased as the plasma plate power increased. A decrease in density was observed as plasma power increased. The spheroidised powders have a smaller particle size distribution (PSD) than the feed powders (un-spheroidised). The XRD results showed that as the plasma plate power increased the WC phase composition decreased, subsequently the phase composition of W2C increased.
Induction melting of an Al-50Cu alloy for improved homogeneity required for powder spheroidisation
Authors: Van der Merwe R , Bissett H , Van der Walt IJ , Cornish LA
Published: February 2022

Copper alloys are typically produced by conventional casting processes, including spark plasma sintering (SPS), which often produce inhomogeneous mixtures of Cu or Al precipitates and unwanted intermetallic phases in solid products. Induction melting should provide good mixing, controlled heating and melt stirring, potentially improving homogeneity. Homogeneous melts should produce homogeneous powders, giving better properties in additive manufacturing (AM). To ascertain homogeneity, a density test was developed. After comminution, homogeneous powders can be used to produce high quality components. To manufacture dense AM components, spheroidised powders are needed because they increase particle packing and powder flow. An Al-50Cu (at.%) button was produced by high-frequency (HF) induction melting, to give better mixing and hence phase distributions. To identify the phases and their distributions, the as-cast sample was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), as well as absolute density using helium pycnometry. Results indicated inhomogeneity in the samples, due to Al loss, complex solidification and the densest phase settling at the bottom of the button.
Structural and electronic properties of β-MnO2 employing DFTB technique
Authors: Ngobeni P , Ngoepe PE , Maenetja KP
Published: February 2022

MnO2 is presently under massive review for its capacitance properties. MnO2 recrystallizes into several crystallographic structures such as α, β, γ, δ, and λ structure. These structures vary in the way MnO6 octahedra are connected, they possess tunnels or interlayers with gaps of different magnitudes. However, upon lithium intercalation in β-MnO2, LiMnO2 suffers from capacity loss due to undesirable structural phase transformation into spinel like LixMn2O4. One of the major demands is to modify and strengthen the structural stability of MnO2 to prevent phase transformation during lithium intercalation and rapid capacity fading during cycling. DMol3 is a density functional theory-based program used to calculate the lattice parameter of ferromagnetic MnO2. After successfully parameterized MnO2, the lattice parameters were compared with the results from experiments. Density functional tight-binding (DFTB) was employed to investigate the electronic properties of MnO2 such as density of states (DOS) and band structures. The DOS was calculated to check the conductivity of MnO2. The electronic band structures calculated indicate the absence of a gap at the Fermi level, thus MnO2 is metallic. These findings are important in preserving the crystal structure of LiMnO2 and the maintenance of capacity during cycling.
The influence of austenitization time and temperature on the austenite grain growth in high Ti-V HSLA steels
Authors: Rezaei SRJ , Siyayisa CW , Tang Z , Moema J
Published: February 2022

Generally, in high titanium-containing high strength low alloy (HSLA) steels, the challenge is to ensure that an adequate amount of Ti dissolves during soaking for precipitate strengthening during cooling or hot working. Therefore, this work focused on the effect of soaking time and temperature on the austenite grain growth kinetics of HSLA steels, of the three alloys containing 0.1 %Ti, and 0 to 0.12 %V. The samples were austenitized at 1150 and 1280 °C for 1, 2 and 3 hrs and quenched in a 10% NaCl brine. Thereafter, the samples were tempered at 490 °C for 72 hrs in order to reveal the prior austenite grain boundaries. The grain size was analysed by the linear intercept method. The precipitation behaviour was predicted by Thermo-Calc software and confirmed by SEM-EDS. At 1150 °C austenitizing temperature, all three steel grades exhibited the Ti (C, N) (Type 1), (Mn-Ti) (C, S) (Type 2), MnS (Type 3 (Ti4C2S2) (Type 4) and TiC (Type 5) precipitates. After escalating the temperature to 1280 °C, only the TiC dissolved. Type 4 and 5 precipitates were the finest and possibly responsible for the grain size refinement. Consequently, alloy 1 with the highest S content of 140 ppm exhibited the finest grain size at both temperatures.
Investigating the electronic and magnetic properties of Dy, Y and La by site substitution on Nd2Fe14B permanent magnet employing the first-principle approach
Authors: Miya LE , Sithole ME , Modiba R
Published: February 2022

The development of new Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets continues to be a pressing matter for the transition to a green economy. Permanent magnets have become significant in applications of highly efficient energy conversion machines and devices. First-principles calculations have been performed by using the density function theory (DFT) within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) to study the Nd2Fe14B magnets. The effects of Dy/La/Y on the electronic and magnetic properties of Nd2Fe14B permanent magnet with the site substitution mechanism were studied. The spin and the orbital magnetic moments of the Nd, Dy, Y, and La ion were found to be opposite to each other, which is in agreement with Hund’s rule. Moreover, the total orbital magnetic moment was found to be larger than that of the total spin magnetic moment. Y prefers the 4f site, while La on the other hand prefers the 4g site. The total magnetic moment of the Nd2Fe14B was in close agreement with the previous reported experimental value.
Use of first principles and Thermo-Calc to identify potential low elastic modulus titanium-based alloys for biomedical applications
Authors: Madigoe MN , Modiba R , Cornish LA
Published: February 2022

High alloyed β-phase stabilised titanium alloys are known to have low elastic moduli comparable to that of the human bone (≈30 GPa). The β-phase in titanium alloys exhibits an elastic modulus of about 60-80 GPa, which is nearly half that of α-phase (100-120 GPa). In this work, an attempt to develop a β-phase titanium-based alloy through first-principles calculations and Thermo-Calc calculations for biomedical applications was conducted. First-principles calculations were performed using the CASTEP code on a simple 2-atom bcc unit cell to predict the theoretical elastic modulus and mechanical stability of the Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr (TNTZ) system at 0 K. Thermo-Calc was used to determine the phase proportion diagrams of the proposed alloys at 500℃. The alloy comprised Ti-Nbx-Ta25-Zr5 (x = 5, 10, 20, 30, 40) (at.%). The theoretical results suggested that increasing niobium content introduced both mechanical (cʹ > 0) stability of the alloys. Alloy Ti-Nb5-Ta25-Zr5 gave the lowest elastic modulus of 55.23 ± 24.45 GPa which is half the elastic modulus of pure titanium (α phase). The phase proportion diagrams showed that up to 58.6 mol.% of β phase was retained at 20 at.% Nb, although the Voigt-Reuss-Hill Young’s modulus calculated from first principles increased with increasing niobium content while the α/β phase transformation temperature decreased down to 551.3℃ at 40 at.% Nb.
Kôngo and Hindu Perceptions of Reincarnation and their Reinterpretation of African Cultures
Authors: Luyaluka Kiatezua Lubanzadio
Published: February 2022

The issue of reincarnation has always been handled as an answer to the question: do Africans believe in reincarnation? This paper shows that the main issue should rather be: do Africans believe in the law of reincarnation? Through the analysis of the differential cosmological conceptions of reincarnation in Kôngo culture and Hinduism the author arrives to the conclusion that contrary to Hinduism reincarnation is not a law in the African Kôngo worldview. This conclusion leads the author to revisit what is assumed to be the doctrine of reincarnation or transmigration of soul, in some African cultures and to show that it alludes rather the transmigration of spirit, the natural means for an ancestor to come back through a sharing of his qualities with a newborn and even for being his protector.
Transformational Leadership and Relational Marketing Practices in Building Image at Muhammadiyah Higher Education Institutions in the Cirebon Region
Authors: Hartati Wiwi , Masyitoh Masyitoh , Wahidin Khaerul , Sutarmadi Ahmad
Published: February 2022

The aim of this study is to determine and analyze the influence of transformational leadership on the dimensions of inspirational motivation, idealized influence, intellectual stimulation, individual consideration at Muhammadiyah Higher Education (PTM) in the Cirebon area and examine the mediating role of relational marketing practices between transformational leadership on the dimensions of inspirational motivation, idealized influence, intellectual stimulation, individual consideration of the Image of Muhammadiyah Higher Education (PTM) in the Cirebon area. Respondents of this study were employees at two PTMs in the Cirebon Region, namely the University of Muhammadiyah Cirebon and the Cirebon Muhammadiyah College of Health (STIKES) with a total of 120. This research is a mixed methods research, which combines two forms of approaches in research, namely qualitative and qualitative. Mixed method research is a research approach that combines qualitative research with quantitative research. Mix methods are research methods by combining two research methods at once, qualitative and quantitative in a research activity, so that more comprehensive, valid, reliable, and objective data will be obtained. The data analysis technique used is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results show: transformational leadership through inspirational motivation with an index reaching 88.4, idealized influence with an index reaching 89, intellectual stimulation with an index reaching 85.3, and individual consideration with an index reaching 83.5, it is concluded that transformational leadership through these indicators can improve the practice of relational marketing and can build the image of PTM throughout the Cirebon Region. Furthermore, the practice of relational marketing mediates the effect of transformational leadership through inspirational motivation, idealized influence, intellectual stimulation, and individual consideration on the image of PTM.
Elderly Patients’ Adherence, Knowledge and Belief to Medications in Primary Healthcare Centers in Baghdad
Authors: Salih Alaa A. , Ismail Rasha M.
Published: February 2022

Background: currently the Elderly population is rapidly increasing and with this increment comes more challenges for the healthcare system, non-adherence to medications especially in elderly can lead to economic and human lost that is avoidable by improving patients' compliance and address the related issues leading to the non-adherence. Objectives: 1-assess the level of adherence knowledge and belief to medications. 2-identify the related factors causing the non-adherence. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted in primary healthcare centers in Baghdad targeting geriatric age group of both genders attending the primary healthcare centers and having at least one diagnosed chronic disease, the study enrolled10 healthcare centers from both sides of Baghdad. Patients were directly interviewed and data was collected using a questionnaire. Results: The study showed that (83.4%) of the sample (n=385) had low adherence level, this percentage tend to increase as the age increases, no significant association was found with gender variable, and a significant association was found with the age variable. most of the participants has low beliefs level (86%) and only (7%) of the sample scored (high) on knowledge level which was significantly associated with adherence level, (13.5%)of the participants faced high difficulty to adhere to their medication. Conclusions: Elderly patients attending the primary healthcare centers in Baghdad had low level of adherence; most of them did not have enough knowledge about their medications. Patients who scored low level of adherence tend to pay more visits to the healthcare centers.
Determinan Kecenderungan Kecurangan Akuntansi
Authors: Putri Adhilla Aninta , Hariani Swarmilah
Published: February 2022

This research aims to prove the influence of the effectiveness of internal control, compliance with accounting rules, compensation, and asymmetry information against the tendency of accounting fraud. The object of this research was conducted on local government employees in the Pekanbaru City Regional Work Unit (SKPD) total 43 SKPD. This research was conducted against the 108 respondents using primary data through a questionnaire that was distributed directly to the respondents. The results of this study indicate that the effectiveness of internal control, compliance with accounting rules, compensation significant negative effect on the tendency of accounting fraud, and asymmetry of information significant positive effect on the tendency of accounting fraud. Test results revealed that the simultaneous effectiveness of internal control, compliance with accounting rules, compensation, and asymmetry information collectively influence the tendency of accounting fraud.

Penelitian   ini  bertujuan   untuk  membuktikan   dampak   Keefektifan Pengendalian Internal, Ketaatan Aturan Akuntansi, Kesesuaian Kompensasi dan Asimetri Informasi terhadap Kecenderungan Kecurangan Akuntansi. Objek penelitian ini dilakukan pada pegawai pemerintah daerah yang ada dalam Satuan Kerja Perangkat Daerah (SKPD) Kota Pekanbaru yang berjumlah 43 SKPD. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap 108 responden dengan menggunakan data primer melalui kuesioner yang disebarkan langsung kepada para responden. Metode analisis yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi liner berganda. Hasil penelitian ini  menunjukan bahwa pengendalian internal, ketaatan aturan akuntansi, kesesuaian kompensasi berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap kecenderungan kecurangan akuntansi dan asimetri informasi berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kecenderungan kecurangan akuntansi. Hasil uji simultan mengungkapkan bahwa pengendalian internal, ketaatan aturan akuntansi, kesesuaian kompensasi dan asimetri informasi secara bersama-sama berpengaruh terhadap kecenderungan kecurangan akuntansi.