bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Otimização da manufatura de compósitos utilizando as ferramentas da engenharia da produção
Authors: Junior Carlos Eduardo Alves Ramos , Chagas Murilo Carneiro , De Jesus Cláudio Renato Simões , Almeida Kalil Figueiredo , Fernandes Bruno Souza , Nunes Stephanie Gonçalves , De Souza Nilmar , Lora Fábio André , Martins Luís Oscar Silva , Santos André de Mendonça , Amado Franco Dani Rico , Barquete Danilo Maciel , Damm Djoille Denner
Published: June 2023

Compósitos poliméricos são aplicados em larga escala como material de engenharia devido ao seu conjunto de propriedades dificilmente encontradas em um único material. Este material específico é, geralmente, constituído industrialmente por uma combinação de matrizes de resinas (poliéster ou epóxi) com uma fase estrutural como fibra de vidro, fibra de carbono ou fibras naturais. Os processos tecnológicos mais utilizados são a pultrusão, moldagem por compressão e injeção de resina. No entanto, na indústria de turbinas eólicas, apesar da evolução e otimizações dos processos, ainda é necessário muito trabalho com técnicas simples, como spry lay-up e hand lay-up, para unir os enormes componentes. Na indústria de compósitos, grandes desenvolvimentos foram gerados para melhorar as propriedades dos materiais compósitos enquanto a sistematização da produção não teve o mesmo crescimento ascendente. Atualmente, apesar dos esforços, muito mais pode ser feito para melhorar os padrões dos sistemas produtivos. Este estudo apresenta o desenvolvimento sistemático de um material compósito processado manualmente para ser aplicado em turbinas eólicas aplicando o Systematic Layout Planning (SLP), métodos de fabricação just in time, mapeamento e modelagem de processos, indicadores de desempenho, sistemas de controle e melhoria contínua, inter-relações e grau de proximidade entre as etapas de produção. O desenho dos setores de trabalho e o fluxograma de materiais e produtos propostos neste trabalho podem trazer ganhos na redução do tempo padrão de produção (40%), praticamente eliminando o reprocessamento por contaminação e, consequentemente, reduzindo perdas e desperdícios (10%) com as melhorias alcançadas na produtividade e na qualidade do processo.
Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance with Three Bands on Serum Protein Electrophoresis: An Atypical Presentation
Authors: Datta Rashmi Rasi , Awasthi Ashutosh
Published: June 2023

Monoclonal Gammopathy (MGM) is a group of B-cell disorders characterised by secretion of abnormal monoclonal Immunoglobulin (Ig) that can be detected by presence of M-protein in serum and urine electrophoresis. Monoclonal protein (M-protein) can be best identified by high resolution agarose gel electrophoresis where, it is usually perceived as a discrete band in the γ or β globulin region. Sometimes atypical banding patterns are seen in serum capillary electrophoresis that pose diagnostic dilemmas and may require repeat testing and further confirmation with a diagnostic test. In the present case, A 60-year-old female patient was advised assessment for gammopathies owing to the presence of skeletal lesions and hyperproteinemia clinically. Serum protein capillary electrophoresis revealed an unusual pattern with three prominent bands in the beta/early gamma region, indicative of triclonal gammopathy, although, it was monoclonal in nature which was depicted during confirmatory diagnostic testing. The authors further discuss the multiple aspects that may be attributed as a cause for such peculiar presentations which should be considered to avoid misdiagnosis.
Comparison of Serum CRP, Total Cholesterol, Magnesium and Uric Acid in Smoker and Non Smoker Patients with COPD: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Rajul KM , Jain Ashish , Dutta Pritha , Shrikhande Akash , Pandey Chetan , Pathak Jyoti
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a common and treatable disease characterised by progressive airflow limitation and tissue destruction. Smoking is a common risk factor but non smokers can also develop COPD. There may be change in serum level of inflammatory marker, oxidative stress markers, bio-markers among these patients. In this study smoker and non smoker group in COPD patients studied and may helpful for comparing levels and to corelate with severity of disease and also for group specific management. Aim: To evaluate the level of Serum C-Reactive Protein (CRP), total cholesterol, Magnesium (Mg++), and uric acid in COPD patients and also, to compare these parameters in smoker and non smoker patients with COPD. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Biochemistry and Department of Pulmonary Medicine at People’s College of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, from October 2021 to December 2022. A total of 100 COPD patients, aged between 40 to 60 years were included and divided into two groups: 50 smokers and 50 non smokers. Parameters such as CRP, Mg++, total cholesterol and uric acid, were estimated by autoanalyser. Data were statistically analysed using unpaired t-test. Results: In smokers, mean age was 53.08±5.89 years, whereas in non smokers, mean age was 53.9±4.84 years. Out of the 100 subjects, 50 were smokers (F=6 and M=44) and 50 were non smokers (F=6 and M=44). In the present study, observed increased CRP levels and cholesterol levels, low serum magnesium, and normal uric acid in smoker compared to non smokers COPD. There was significant difference in cholesterol (p-value=0.044), serum magnesium (p-value=0.001) and CRP levels (p-value=0.0001) but there was no significant difference in uric acid (p-value=0.989). Conclusion: Smokers with COPD had increased level of CRP, Cholesterol and low level of Magnesium as compared to non smoker COPD patients. This may attribute that smokers COPD patients are in risk of developing recurrent exacerbations and more disease severity
Social Betterment and Economic Empowerment of Sericulture Farmers in Northern Hilly Zone of Karnataka, India
Authors: Hosamani Vinayak , Hosamani Venkatesh , P. Sowmya , G. R. Manjunath , V. Shivaprasad
Published: June 2023

Sericulture, one of the important enterprises undertaken by farmers in North Karnataka, is an eco-friendly, agro-based, labour intensive, low input and commercially attractive farm enterprise falling under cottage and small-scale sector. Among the factors that contribute for successful cocoon production, socio- economic factors play a significant role in determining the knowledge and adoption levels of sericulture technologies for production of mulberry and cocoons especially in recently adapted areas of Uttar Kannada district. The present study was an ex-post facto questionnaire based research on socio-economic status of sericulture farmers was carried out during 2021-2022 Uttar Kannada district representing hilly zone of Karnataka state. A sample of 50 farmers was selected randomly from eleven villages in thesetaluks. The study revealed that half of the sericulture farmers belonged to middle age (31 to 50 years), as high as 60.00 % farmers had education up to 8th to 10thstandard, 46.00% of the family belonged to 5-8 members per family, and 38% hadlong experience in sericulture while 18-20% were relatively new (< 3 years) to the enterprise with pooradaption rate of the improved technologies and mechanisation (46.00%). Further, 40.00% of farmers fell under low and medium rearing category, 48% farmers belonged to medium brushing of disease free layings per crop (100-200 dfls /crop) and majority (64%)were getting the average yield (60-75 kg/100 dfls) with good management of the crop while 22.00% were getting more than 80kg/100dfls cocoon yield due to improved production techniques. Overall, 36-38 % farmers had medium cost of production, benefit per year and benefit: cost ratio (Rs.40000-45000, Rs.100,000-1,68,000 and Rs 1:3-4,respectively).
Evaluation of Glycemic Index, Hypolipidemic and Hypoglycemic Activities of “osu une” on Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Umerah N. N. , Asouzu A. I.
Published: June 2023

Background: The incidence of diabetes has been on the increase due to increase in sedentary lifestyle together with increase in life expectancy. “Osu une” is a native meal in Anambra State, Nigeria used in the management of diabetics. There is no scientific based study/data to ascertain the effect on blood glucose level.

Objective: The study investigated the glycemic index, hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic activities of “osu une” on Alloxan induced rats.

Methods: The “osu une” was prepared, dried and blended. Twenty adult male Albino rats were grouped into four of five rats each based on their body weight. Alloxan at a dose of 42mg/kg was induced intravenously through tails of group 2-4 rats. Blood samples were collected from the ocular vein and analyzed for blood glucose and lipid profile on day 7, 14 and 28 using standard method. Ten healthy subjects aged between 24 -40 participated in this study. They were fed with the standard food (50 g glucose) on day one and the test foods on day two, after an overnight fast. Blood samples were taken at 0, 30, 60, 120, and 180 min after the food had been eaten.

Results: The result showed that rats that received ‘osu une’ extract showed an increase in body weight from 130.70mg/kg to 146.20mg/kg, while rats that received glucophage tablets also showed an increase in body weight from 126.01mg/kg to 158.81mg/kg after inducing diabetes. The rats fed ‘osu une’ extract had a decrease in fasting blood glucose level, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDLc) and increase in High Density Lipoprotein (HDLc). The test diet had a low glycemic index of 9.59.

Conclusion: The study shows that “osu une” can play a key role in the management of Diabetes Mellitus.
Bacterial Assessment and Isolation of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria from the Indian Major Carp, Labeo rohita
Authors: Mian Md. Shemul , Rashid M. Mamnur , Kabir S. M. Lutful , Akter Sumi , Sumon Md. Afsar Ahmed , Rahman M. Aminur , Molla Mohammad Habibur Rahman , Alhaddad Miral Fareed , Alsohibany Khalid Suliman , Moulay Mohammed , Gabr Mohamed Hosny , Haque Md. Mozammal , Teklemariam Addisu D.
Published: June 2023

A bacteriological study of fish is critical to protecting people from potential hazards and serving as an indicator of water contamination. The study was carried out to investigate microorganisms from the Labeo rohita. A total bacterial load was measured in the skin, gills, and intestine. It had a total bacterial load (TBL) of 1.54×109 CFU/g on average. The intestine had the highest average TBL of 2.09×109 CFU/g, while the gill had the lowest average TBL of 1.08×109 CFU/g. Isolated bacteria were grouped based on colony characteristics and then subjected to morphological, physiological, and biochemical analysis for identification up to the genus or species level. Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio spp. were identified as the two microorganisms. After a thorough examination and PCR analysis, the two bacteria, S. aureus and Vibrio spp., were isolated. S. aureus was detected in skin samples from R3 and R5 fish. S. aureus was isolated from R3, R4, and R5 in the gills. S. aureus was found in intestinal samples R2, R3, R4, and R5. The presence of Vibrio spp. was found in the intestines of all fish samples tested, as well as the skin of R4 and R5, and the gills of R2, R3, R4, and R5. The 16S rRNA gene was amplified in all S. aureus isolates, while the Tox-R gene was amplified in all Vibrio spp isolates. The isolated S. aureus and Vibrio tested positive for the 16s rRNA and Tox-R genes, respectively. An antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that the majority of S. aureus and Vibrio spp were susceptible to azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline but resistant to amoxicillin and streptomycin.
Evaluation of Different Aphrodisiac Therapy Effect by Using Some Biochemical Parameters in Female Wistar Albino Rats
Authors: Aminu Fatima , Abubakar Farida Suleiman , Muhammad Bawa Yusuf , Nweze C. C. , Bamidele T. O. , Audu S. S. , Zaruwa M. Z.
Published: June 2023

Since ancient times, humans across diverse tradition, cultures and religious background have shown keen interest in traditional herbal products which enhance sexual ability, pleasure and libido as well as improving sexual functions and potency. The use of herbal aphrodisiacs among men and women in Nigeria is on the high side. 

This research aimed to study the effect of Mi jian fen (MJF) (a foreign aphrodisiac) and Tsumin marke (TM) (a local aphrodisiac) on female libido. The research also aimed at determining the possible effects of MJF and TM on some toxicological parameters.

Eighteen Female wistar albino rats were selected randomly and assigned into six groups of three animals each. Group A served as the control group. Group B served as the standard rats in this group were given 0.2mg/kg dose of Clomid. Groups C and D were given low (0.2mg/kg) and high (0.4mg/kg) doses of MJF respectively. Groups E and F were given low (0.2mg/kg) and high (0.4mg/kg) doses of TM, respectively. All treatments were administered for a period of thirty days after which rats were sacrificed and blood samples collected. FSH, LH, Estrogen, ALT, AST, ALP, Urea, Creatinine and Hematological parameters were assayed using standard methods.

At the end of the analysis, it was observed that the levels of LH increased significantly (p<0.05) in all the groups that were treated with high and low doses of MJF and TM, likewise FSH and estrogen. AST and ALT were slightly increased in all test groups while ALP was increased significantly (p<0.05) in all test groups. Urea increased significantly (p<0.05) in all test groups while creatinine increased slightly in all test groups.

The results obtained confirmed MJF and TM to be potent aphrodisiacs. However, MJF shows to be a bit more libido enhancer them TM. The toxicity of MJF on the liver and kidney of the animals seem to be higher compared to that of TM. It is then concluded that long term usage of these substances could lead to clinical complications among human users.
Identification of Drought Tolerant Desi Cotton Genotypes Based on Drought Tolerance Indices
Authors: Jogender  , Sangwan Omender , Shreya  , Kanika  , Beniwal Gourav
Published: June 2023

The present experiment was conducted in two environments viz. irrigated and rainfed, with three replications in randomized block design at Research Area of Cotton Section, Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana) during Kharif 2021-22. Fifty elite desi cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.) genotypes were grown as experimental material. Five plants were randomly selected from each genotype and observations were recorded on eight morphological traits viz. plant height, number of monopods per plant, days to first flower, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, seed cotton yield per plant, number of seeds per boll, ginning out turn and six physiological traits viz. relative water content, photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, total chlorophyll content, proline content. Under both the environments, sufficient amount of variability was present among all the genotypes for all the studied traits. The significant decrease in mean performance of all genotypes was observed for all traits except proline content under rainfed condition. Based on drought tolerance indices viz. YSI (Yield Stability Index) and DSI (Drought Susceptibility Index), per se performance and other yield contributing traits, genotypes viz. P 533, P 551, PAIG 129, DA-3/02 and DA-2/02 were found most drought tolerant among all the test genotypes and these may be used in future cotton breeding programs to develop higher yielding and drought tolerant varieties.
First Report of Three Invasive Whitefly Species (Aleyrodidae: Hemiptera) from West Bengal, India
Authors: Chakraborty Debanjan , Sahoo Shyamal Kr.
Published: June 2023

Invasive insect pests are alien or exotic organisms. These are introduced species to an environment outside their original or native habitat and have an immense power of dispersal and adaptation. Invasive species are responsible for reducing or minimizing the productivity of the crops and thereby creating huge economic losses. Due to the small size and the ability to be attached to the host plants, the invasive whitefly species have been introduced to several countries through movement of different plants during trade. Eight such species have invaded and been reported from India. But only three such species – Spiralling whitefly (Aleurodicus dispersus Russell), Rugose spiralling whitefly (Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin) and Bondar's nesting whitefly (Paraleyrodes bondari Peracchi) – have been reported from West Bengal, till date. Moreover, as per available literature, there is no report of the other invasive species from West Bengal. Based on the present study, the existence of three invasive whitefly species – Solanum whitefly, Aleurothrixus trachoides (Back), Palm infesting whitefly, Aleurotrachelus atratus Hempel and Woolly whitefly, Aleurothrixus floccosus (Maskell) – is reported for the first time from West Bengal. Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase sub unit I (COI) gene sequencing was done for molecular characterization of these species to confirm their identity. Regarding host plant preference, woolly whitefly and solanum whitefly showed clear affinity towards guava and chilli, respectively, whereas palm infesting whitefly preferred coconut. This report is going to be the first ever document of invasion by the above-mentioned three exotic whitefly species from West Bengal.
Evaluate the Correlation and Regression Studies of Growth, Yield Attributes and Yield of Transplanted Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn) under Different Weed Management
Authors: Chetty M. Rinky , Kumar K. Udhaya , Silambarasan M. , Lekha S. J. Blessy
Published: June 2023

Aim: To evaluate the “Correlation and Regression Studies of Growth, Yield Attributes and Yield of finger millet under different weed management.”

Study Design: Randomized Complete Block Design (RBD).

Place and Duration of Study: The field trial was conducted during the Rabi season of 2021-22 at Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. The experimental field had a silky clay loam soil composition.

Methodology: The field trial comprised of eight treatments and was replicated three times. In the experimental farm, the variety Paiyur 2 was grown into nursery and transplanted at 25th day with the spacing of 30 × 15 cm and followed the all other agronomic practices. To experimented the following treatments viz., T1- PE of pretilachlor at 1.0 kg ha-1,T2- PE of pretilachlor at 0.75 kg ha-1+ one hand weeding on 35th DAT, T3-  PE of pendimethalin at 0.5 kg ha-1,T4- PE of pendimethalin at 0.5 kg ha-1+ one hand weeding on 35th DATP, T5- PE of Butachlor at 1.0 kg ha-1,T6- PE of Butachlor at 0.75 kg ha-1+ one hand weeding on 35th DAT, T7-  POE of 2,4-D at 2 kg ha-1on 35 th DAT, T8-  POE of 2,4-D at 2 kg ha-1+ one hand weeding on 35th DAT, T9- Two hand weeding at 35 DAT and 70 DAT, T10- Unweeded check. The biometric observations were recorded at three specific time points: 35 DAT, 70 DAT, and at harvest stage.

Results:  The grain yield was highly significant positive correlation with Straw yield (r = 0.893), Leaf area index (r =0.975), Dry matter accumulation at 70 DAT (r=0.966), Dry matter accumulation at harvest (r =0.966), Productive tillers (r =0.902), Test weight (r =0.903), Weed control efficiency (r =0.797), Nitrogen uptake (r =0.980), Phosphorus uptake (r =0.972), Potassium uptake (r =0.960). However, significant positive correlation with Plant height (r =0.733). From the regression every unit increase in stover yield, plant height, LAI at 70 DAT, crop dry matter at 70 DAT, crop dry matter at harvest, number of productive tillers plant-1, test weight, Weed Control Efficiency and N, P and K uptake by crop substantially increased the grain yield by 0.798, 0.537, 0.951, 0.932, 0.992, 0.812, 0.865, 0.635, 0.960, 0.944 and 0.920 kg ha-1 respectively.
POLY4 Positively Improves the Growth, Fodder Yield and Quality of Oat (Avena sativa L.) in Semi-Arid Tropics of Central India
Authors: Ola Shrawan Kumar , Prasad Mahendra , Choudhary Mukesh , Srinivasan R. , Singh Susheel Kumar , Kumar Anup , Palsaniya Dana Ram , Kumar Sunil
Published: June 2023

A study was carried out to examine the effects of different potassium fertilizer sources on growth, fodder yield and quality at the Research Farm, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh. The experiment was conducted under semi-arid climatic conditions in a simple Randomized Block Design (RBD) with ten treatments (control, 100% NP, 100% recommended dose of potassium (RDK) through MOP, 100% RDK through SOP, 100% RDK through POLY4, 75% RDK+ 1% RDK foliar spray (30 days after sowing and 30 days after fodder harvest) through POLY4, 100% RDK through schoenite and 75% RDK+ 1% RDK foliar spray (30 days after sowing and 30 days after fodder harvest)  through schoenite, 75% RDK through MOP + KSB (potassium solubilizer bacteria, Seed treatment), KSB alone (Seed treatment) and three replications. Results showed that application of 75% RDK+ 1% RDK foliar spray (30 days after sowing and 30 days after fodder harvest) through POLY4 recorded the significantly highest growth and yield contributing parameters, which is beneficially resulted in increased green fodder yield (159%) as compared to control. However, it was at par with the application 75% RDK+ 1% RDK foliar spray (30 days after sowing and 30 days after fodder harvest) through schoenite. The fodder quality parameters viz. CP, ADF, and NDF were also remarkably improved with the application of 75% RDK+1% RDK foliar spray (30 days after sowing and 30 days after fodder harvest) through POLY4 in oat crop. The results imply that farmers may apply 75% RDK+1% RDK foliar spray through POLY4 to achieve good quality higher green fodder in sandy clay loam soil for oat production.
Effect of Exogenous Albumin Replacement on Plasma Colloid Osmotic Pressure in Severe Preeclampsia: A Case-control Study
Authors: Vázquez-Rodríguez Juan Gustavo , Vázquez-Arredondo Juan Gustavo , Cruz-Martínez Francisco Javier
Published: June 2023

Background: In preeclampsia, hypoalbuminemia reduces plasma colloid osmotic pressure (PCOP) and favors capillary leakage. Replacement with exogenous albumin is a therapeutic alternative.

Objective: to determine the effect of exogenous albumin replacement on PCOP in patients with severe preeclampsia (SP).

Methods: A case-control study was carried out in 76 pregnant patients with SP from the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The case group (n=38) received 0.9% saline solution 1000 ml every 8 hours and 25% albumin 50 ml every 8 hours and the control group (n=38) only received 0.9% saline solution 1000 ml every 8 hours. Plasma albumin concentrations, PCOP, hemodynamic and laboratory data from admission (baseline measurement) vs discharge from the ICU (final measurement) of both groups were compared.

Statistical Analysis: the data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, paired Student's t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient with the statistical program SPSS® version 20. The p value <0.05 was significant.

Results: A significant decrease in plasma albumin was found (case group 2.72±0.44 vs 2.45±0.48 g/dL, p=0.0141; control group 3.06±0.33 vs 2.58±0.29 g/dL, p=0.0431). PCOP was also significantly reduced (case group 18.44±2.92 vs 16.82±2.70 mmHg, p=0.0210; control group 20.38±2.28 vs 17.46±1.96 mmHg, p=0.0763). The group of cases showed an increase in uresis (p=0.0326), but without changes in central venous pressure (p=0.3246) and serum creatinine (p=0.9515). With this evidence the recommendation is that its use in patients with preeclampsia should be reserved for the experience of the medical team.

Conclusion: Exogenous albumin replacement therapy did not correct the PCOP values or the blood albumin concentration.
Association Between Duration of Immunotherapy and Overall Survival in Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Sun Lova , Bleiberg Benjamin , Hwang Wei-Ting , Marmarelis Melina E. , Langer Corey J. , Singh Aditi , Cohen Roger B. , Mamtani Ronac , Aggarwal Charu
Published: June 2023

Importance

For patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with frontline immunotherapy-based treatment, the optimal duration of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment is unknown.

Objective

To assess practice patterns surrounding ICI treatment discontinuation at 2 years and to evaluate the association of duration of therapy with overall survival in patients who received fixed-duration ICI therapy for 2 years vs those who continued therapy beyond 2 years.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective, population-based cohort study included adult patients in a clinical database diagnosed with advanced NSCLC from 2016 to 2020, who received frontline immunotherapy-based treatment. The data cutoff was August 31, 2022; data analysis was conducted from October 2022 to January 2023.

Exposures

Treatment discontinuation at 2 years (between 700 and 760 days, fixed duration) vs continued treatment beyond 2 years (greater than 760 days, indefinite duration).

Main Outcomes and Measures

Overall survival from 760 days was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier methods. Multivariable Cox regression that adjusted for patient-specific and cancer-specific factors was used to compare survival beyond 760 days between the fixed-duration group and the indefinite-duration group.

Results

Of 1091 patients in the analytic cohort who were still on ICI treatment at 2 years after exclusion criteria for death and progression were applied, 113 patients (median [IQR] age, 69 [62-75] years; 62 [54.9%] female; 86 [76.1%] White) were in the fixed-duration group, and 593 patients (median [IQR] age, 69 [62-76] years; 282 [47.6%] female; 414 [69.8%] White) were in the indefinite-duration group. Patients in the fixed-duration group were more likely to have a history of smoking (99% vs 93%; P = .01) and be treated at an academic center (22% vs 11%; P = .001). Two-year overall survival from 760 days was 79% (95% CI, 66%-87%) in the fixed-duration group and 81% (95% CI, 77%-85%) in the indefinite-duration group. There was no statistically significant difference in overall survival between patients in the fixed-duration and indefinite-duration groups, either on univariate (hazard ratio [HR] 1.26; 95% CI, 0.77-2.08; P = .36) or multivariable (HR 1.33; 95% CI, 0.78-2.25; P = .29) Cox regression. Approximately 1 in 5 patients discontinued immunotherapy at 2 years in the absence of progression.

Conclusions and Relevance

In a retrospective clinical cohort of patients with advanced NSCLC who were treated with immunotherapy and were progression-free at 2 years, approximately only 1 in 5 discontinued treatment. The lack of statistically significant overall survival advantage for the indefinite-duration cohort on adjusted analysis provides reassurance to patients and clinicians who wish to discontinue immunotherapy at 2 years.
Defect Engineering in Biomedical Sciences
Authors: Yuan Meng , Kermanian Mehraneh , Agarwal Tarun , Yang Zhuang , Yousefiasl Satar , Cheng Ziyong , Ma Ping'an , Lin Jun , Maleki Aziz
Published: June 2023

With the promotion of nanochemistry research, large numbers of nanomaterials have been applied in vivo to produce desirable cytotoxic substances in response to endogenous or exogenous stimuli for achieving disease‐specific therapy. However, the performance of nanomaterials is a critical issue that is difficult to improve and optimize under biological conditions. Defect‐engineered nanoparticles have become the most researched hot materials in biomedical applications recently due to their excellent physicochemical properties, such as optical properties and redox reaction capabilities. Importantly, the properties of nanomaterials can be easily adjusted by regulating the type and concentration of defects in the nanoparticles without requiring other complex designs. Therefore, this tutorial review focuses on biomedical defect engineering and briefly discusses defect classification, introduction strategies, and characterization techniques. Several representative defective nanomaterials are especially discussed in order to reveal the relationship between defects and properties. A series of disease treatment strategies based on defective engineered nanomaterials are summarized. By summarizing the design and application of defective engineered nanomaterials, a simple but effective methodology is provided for researchers to design and improve the therapeutic effects of nanomaterial‐based therapeutic platforms from a materials science perspective.
Stable MXene Dough with Ultrahigh Solid Fraction and Excellent Redispersibility toward Efficient Solution Processing and Industrialization
Authors: Deng Shungui , Guo Tiezhu , Nüesch Frank , Heier Jakob , Zhang Chuanfang (John)
Published: June 2023

Two‐dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, and/or nitrides, so‐called MXenes, have triggered intensive research interests in applications ranging from electrochemical energy storage to electronics devices. Producing these functional devices by printing necessitates to match the rheological properties of MXene dispersions to the requirements of various solution processing techniques. In particular, for additive manufacturing such as extrusion‐printing, MXene inks with high solid fraction are typically required, which is commonly achieved by tediously removing excessive free water (top‐down route). Here, the study reports on a bottom‐up route to reach a highly concentrated binary MXene‐water blend, so‐called MXene dough, by controlling the water admixture to freeze‐dried MXene flakes by exposure to water mist. The existence of a critical threshold of MXene solid content (≈60%), beyond which no dough is formed, or formed with compromised ductility is revealed. Such metallic MXene dough possesses high electrical conductivity, excellent oxidation stability, and can withstand a couple of months without apparent decay, providing that the MXene dough is properly stored at low‐temperature with suppressed dehydration environment. Solution processing of the MXene dough into a micro‐supercapacitor with gravimetric capacitance of 161.7 F g−1 is demonstrated. The impressive chemical and physical stability/redispersibility of MXene dough indicate its great promise in future commercialization.
Gaps in clinical research in frontotemporal dementia: A call for diversity and disparities–focused research
Authors: Franzen Sanne , Nuytemans Karen , Bourdage Renelle , Caramelli Paulo , Ellajosyula Ratnavalli , Finger Elizabeth , Illán‐Gala Ignacio , Loi Samantha M. , Morhardt Darby , Pijnenburg Yolande , Rascovsky Katya , Williams Monique M. , Yokoyama Jennifer S. , Alladi Suvarna , Ayhan Yavuz , Broce Iris , Castro‐Suarez Sheila , Coleman Kristy , de Souza Leonardo Cruz , Dacks Penny A. , de Boer Sterre C. M. , de Leon Jessica , Dodge Shana , Grasso Stephanie , Gupta Veer , Gupta Vivek , Ghoshal Nupur , Kamath Vidyulata , Kumfor Fiona , Matias‐Guiu Jordi A. , Narme Pauline , Nielsen T. Rune , Okhuevbie Daniel , Piña‐Escudero Stefanie D. , Garcia Ramiro Ruiz , Scarioni Marta , Slachevsky Andrea , Suarez‐Gonzalez Aida , Tee Boon Lead , Tsoy Elena , Ulugut Hülya , Babulal Ganesh M. , Onyike Chiadi U. ,   for the ISTAART FTD PIA and ISTAART Diversity and Disparities PIA
Published: June 2023

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is one of the leading causes of dementia before age 65 and often manifests as abnormal behavior (in behavioral variant FTD) or language impairment (in primary progressive aphasia). FTD's exact clinical presentation varies by culture, language, education, social norms, and other socioeconomic factors; current research and clinical practice, however, is mainly based on studies conducted in North America and Western Europe. Changes in diagnostic criteria and procedures as well as new or adapted cognitive tests are likely needed to take into consideration global diversity. This perspective paper by two professional interest areas of the Alzheimer's Association International Society to Advance Alzheimer's Research and Treatment examines how increasing global diversity impacts the clinical presentation, screening, assessment, and diagnosis of FTD and its treatment and care. It subsequently provides recommendations to address immediate needs to advance global FTD research and clinical practice.
Generating keyphrases for readers: A controllable keyphrase generation framework
Authors: Jiang Yi , Meng Rui , Huang Yong , Lu Wei , Liu Jiawei
Published: June 2023

With the wide application of keyphrases in many Information Retrieval (IR) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, automatic keyphrase prediction has been emerging. However, these statistically important phrases are contributing increasingly less to the related tasks because the end‐to‐end learning mechanism enables models to learn the important semantic information of the text directly. Similarly, keyphrases are of little help for readers to quickly grasp the paper's main idea because the relationship between the keyphrase and the paper is not explicit to readers. Therefore, we propose to generate keyphrases with specific functions for readers to bridge the semantic gap between them and the information producers, and verify the effectiveness of the keyphrase function for assisting users’ comprehension with a user experiment. A controllable keyphrase generation framework (the CKPG) that uses the keyphrase function as a control code to generate categorized keyphrases is proposed and implemented based on Transformer, BART, and T5, respectively. For the Computer Science domain, the Macro‐avgs of , , and on the Paper with Code dataset are up to 0.680, 0.535, and 0.558, respectively. Our experimental results indicate the effectiveness of the CKPG models.
A future‐oriented approach to the selection of artificial intelligence technologies for knowledge platforms
Authors: Skulimowski Andrzej M. J. , Köhler Thomas
Published: June 2023

This article presents approaches used to solve the problem of selecting AI technologies and tools to obtain the creativity fostering functionalities of an innovative knowledge platform. The aforementioned selection problem has been lagging behind other software‐specific aspects of online knowledge platform and learning platform development so far. We linked technological recommendations from group decision support exercises to the platform design aims and constraints using an expert Delphi survey and multicriteria analysis methods. The links between expected advantages of using selected AI building tools, AI‐related system functionalities, and their ongoing relevance until 2030 were assessed and used to optimize the learning scenarios and in planning the future development of the platform. The selected technologies allowed the platform management to implement the desired functionalities, thus harnessing the potential of open innovation platforms more effectively and delivering a model for the development of a relevant class of advanced open‐access knowledge provision systems. Additionally, our approach is an essential part of digital sustainability and AI‐alignment strategy for the aforementioned class of systems. The knowledge platform, which serves as a case study for our methodology has been developed within an EU Horizon 2020 research project.
Human‐superviseddata science framework for city governments: A design science approach
Authors: Hagen Loni , Patel Mihir , Luna‐Reyes Luis
Published: June 2023

The importance of involving humans in the data science process has been widely discussed in the literature. However, studies lack details onhowto involve humans in the process. Using a design science approach, this paper proposes and evaluates ahuman‐supervised data science frameworkin the context of local governments. Our findings suggest that the involvement of a stakeholder group, public managers in this case, in the process of data science project enhanced quality of data science outcomes. Public managers' detailed knowledge on both the data and context was beneficial for improving future data science infrastructure. In addition, the study suggests that local governments can harness the value of data‐driven approaches to policy and decision making through focalized investments in improving data and data science infrastructure, which includes culture and processes necessary to incorporate data science and analytics into the decision‐making process.
The “Collections as ML Data” checklist for machine learning and cultural heritage
Authors: Lee Benjamin Charles Germain
Published: June 2023

Within cultural heritage, there has been a growing and concerted effort to consider a critical sociotechnical lens when applying machine learning techniques to digital collections. Though the cultural heritage community has collectively developed an emerging body of work detailing responsible operations for machine learning in galleries, museums, archives, and libraries at the organizational level, there remains a paucity of guidelines created for researchers embarking on machine learning projects with digital collections. The manifold stakes and sensitivities involved in applying machine learning to cultural heritage underscore the importance of developing such guidelines. This article contributes to this need by formulating a detailed checklist with guiding questions and practices that can be employed while developing a machine learning project that utilizes cultural heritage data. I call the resulting checklist the “Collections as ML Data” checklist, which, when completed, can be published with the deliverables of the project. By surveying existing projects, including my own project, Newspaper Navigator, I justify the “Collections as ML Data” checklist and demonstrate how the formulated guiding questions can be employed by researchers.
In which fields are citations indicators of research quality?
Authors: Thelwall Mike , Kousha Kayvan , Stuart Emma , Makita Meiko , Abdoli Mahshid , Wilson Paul , Levitt Jonathan
Published: June 2023

Citation counts are widely used as indicators of research quality to support or replace human peer review and for lists of top cited papers, researchers, and institutions. Nevertheless, the relationship between citations and research quality is poorly evidenced. We report the first large‐scale science‐wide academic evaluation of the relationship between research quality and citations (field normalized citation counts), correlating them for 87,739 journal articles in 34 field‐based UK Units of Assessment (UoA). The two correlate positively in all academic fields, from very weak (0.1) to strong (0.5), reflecting broadly linear relationships in all fields. We give the first evidence that the correlations are positive even across the arts and humanities. The patterns are similar for the field classification schemes of Scopus and Dimensions.ai, although varying for some individual subjects and therefore more uncertain for these. We also show for the first time that no field has a citation threshold beyond which all articles are excellent quality, so lists of top cited articles are not pure collections of excellence, and neither is any top citation percentile indicator. Thus, while appropriately field normalized citations associate positively with research quality in all fields, they never perfectly reflect it, even at high values.
Coupon or my privacy: How consumers choose to disclose their personal information and accept mobile location‐based advertising (LBA) through privacy calculus
Authors: Ryu Sann
Published: June 2023

With their capacity to track geo‐specific location information rapidly expanding, the practice of location‐based advertising (LBA) is becoming increasingly prevalent. While LBA can provide relevant and financial benefits, concerns about data collection and privacy are also on the rise. In the following two experiments, based on the privacy calculus theory and parallel mediation analyses, an explanatory framework is presented to lay out how consumers choose to disclose their personal information and accept LBA depending on location congruent levels of a mobile ad message by assessing the benefits as well as costs of disclosing personal information. In Study 1 (N = 186), it was found that both perceived benefits and costs fully mediated the experimental effects of location congruence (congruent vs. incongruent) on intentions to disclose personal information as well as accept LBA practice. In Study 2 (N = 230), a 2 (location congruence: congruent vs. incongruent) × 2 (sales promotion: yes vs. no) factorial experiment was conducted. The results from moderated mediation analysis showed that privacy concerns due to location tracking disappeared when sales promotion was offered. These results indicate that consumers' information disclosure and LBA acceptance can be understood as a trade‐off between incentives and privacy issues in which privacy concerns can be alleviated when financial benefits are offered.
Emergency management systems using mobile cloud computing: A survey
Authors: Nanda Sarmistha , Panigrahi Chhabi Rani , Pati Bibudhendu
Published: June 2023

Among today's rapidly evolving technologies, artificial intelligence plays a significant role in making decisions by a system without any human intervention. An Emergency Management System (EMS) is a decision support system where emergencies such as tsunami, landslide, fire, cyclone, and electrical short circuits can be prevented with prior detection and can be addressed immediately in an efficient way after the emergency occurred. Automation of EMS can avoid or manage multiple emergencies, which alternatively can save lives, economy, and environment. Quality demand response with fast data transfer, error minimized computation, and effective resource utilization is very much essential while developing the EMSs. This will provide a bridge between the technology and emergency responders. Resource‐limited smart devices can be made rich in computational behavior by outsourcing their requirements such as storage, virtual servers, and web services using Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC). In this work, we have done a detailed survey on both MCC applications and EMS applications proposed in the literature, and we have also identified the design challenges handled in both MCC and EMS applications. We have presented the design challenges and possible solutions for development of EMS using MCC. We propose an architecture for building an automated EMS using MCC. Finally, we conclude the paper with specific future directions.
Clinical determinants of involuntary psychiatric hospitalization: A clinical profile approach
Authors: Georgaca Eugenie , Machaira Sofia , Stamovlasis Dimitrios , Peppou Lily Evangelia , Papachristou Christina , Arvaniti Aikaterini , Samakouri Maria , Stylianidis Stelios , Bozikas Vasileios Panteleimon , Diakogiannis Ioannis , Fokas Konstantinos , Garyfallos Georgios , Gkolia Ioanna , Karpouza Vassiliki , Nimatoudis Ioannis , Patsinakidis Georgios , Sevris Dimitrios , Vlachaki Aikaterini
Published: June 2023

Objectives

The study examines the clinical determinants of involuntary psychiatric hospitalization. Specifically, it investigates whether distinct clinical profiles of hospitalized patients can be discerned, what other characteristics they are linked with, and which profiles predict involuntary admission.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional multicentre population study, data were collected for 1067 consecutive admissions in all public psychiatric clinics of Thessaloniki, Greece, during 12 months. Through Latent Class Analysis distinct patient clinical profiles were established based on Health of the Nation Outcome Scales ratings. The profiles were then correlated with sociodemographic, other clinical, and treatment‐related factors as covariates and admission status as a distal outcome.

Results

Three profiles emerged. The “Disorganized Psychotic Symptoms” profile, combining positive psychotic symptomatology and disorganization, included mainly men, with previous involuntary hospitalizations and poor contact with mental health services and adherence to medication, indicating a deteriorating condition and chronic course. Τhe “Active Psychotic Symptoms” profile included younger persons with positive psychotic symptomatology in the context of normal functioning. The “Depressive Symptoms” profile, characterized by depressed mood coupled with nonaccidental self‐injury, included mainly older women in regular contact with mental health professionals and treatment. The first two profiles were associated with involuntary admission and the third with voluntary admission.

Conclusions

Identifying patient profiles allows the examination of the combined effect of clinical, sociodemographic, and treatment‐related characteristics as risk factors for involuntary hospitalization, moving beyond the variable‐centered approach mainly adopted to date. The identification of two profiles associated with involuntary admission necessitates the development of interventions tailored to chronic patients and younger persons suffering from psychosis respectively.
Oxymatrine Loaded Cross‐Linked PVA Nanofibrous Scaffold: Design and Characterization and Anticancer Properties
Authors: Ahmed Salahuddin , Keniry Megan , Anaya‐Barbosa Narcedalia , Padilla Victoria , Javed Md Noushad , Gilkerson Robert , Narula Acharan S. , Ibrahim Eman , Lozano Karen
Published: June 2023

This study focuses on the fabrication, characterization and anticancer properties of biocompatible and biodegradable composite nanofibers consisting of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), oxymatrine (OM), and citric acid (CA) using a facile and high‐yield centrifugal spinning process known as Forcespinning. The effects of varying concentrations of OM and CA on fiber diameter and molecular cross‐linking are investigated. The morphological and thermo‐physical properties, as well as water absorption of the developed nanofiber‐based mats are characterized using microscopical analysis, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. In vitro anticancer studies are conducted with HCT116 colorectal cancer cells. Results show a high yield of long fibers embedded with beads. Fiber average diameters range between 462 and 528 nm depending on OM concentration. The thermal analysis results show that the fibers are stable at room temperature. The anticancer study reveals that PVA nanofiber membrane with high concentrations of OM can suppress the proliferation of HCT116 colorectal cancer cells. The study provides a comprehensive investigation of OM embedded into nanosized PVA fibers and the prospective application of these membranes as a drug delivery system.
Biomaterial‐based gene therapy
Authors: Yu Yi , Gao Yijun , He Liming , Fang Bairong , Ge Wenhui , Yang Pu , Ju Yikun , Xie Xiaoyan , Lei Lanjie
Published: June 2023

Gene therapy, a medical approach that involves the correction or replacement of defective and abnormal genes, plays an essential role in the treatment of complex and refractory diseases, such as hereditary diseases, cancer, and rheumatic immune diseases. Nucleic acids alone do not easily enter the target cells due to their easy degradation in vivo and the structure of the target cell membranes. The introduction of genes into biological cells is often dependent on gene delivery vectors, such as adenoviral vectors, which are commonly used in gene therapy. However, traditional viral vectors have strong immunogenicity while also presenting a potential infection risk. Recently, biomaterials have attracted attention for use as efficient gene delivery vehicles, because they can avoid the drawbacks associated with viral vectors. Biomaterials can improve the biological stability of nucleic acids and the efficiency of intracellular gene delivery. This review is focused on biomaterial‐based delivery systems in gene therapy and disease treatment. Herein, we review the recent developments and modalities of gene therapy. Additionally, we discuss nucleic acid delivery strategies, with a focus on biomaterial‐based gene delivery systems. Furthermore, the current applications of biomaterial‐based gene therapy are summarized.