bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nuclear Receptor Nr4a1 Regulates Striatal Striosome Development and Dopamine D1Receptor Signaling
Authors: Cirnaru Maria-Daniela , Melis Chiara , Fanutza Tomas , Naphade Swati , Tshilenge Kizito-Tshitoko , Muntean Brian S. , Martemyanov Kirill A. , Plotkin Joshua L. , Ellerby Lisa M. , Ehrlich Michelle E.
Published: September 2019

The GABAergic medium-size spiny neuron (MSN), the striatal output neuron, may be classified into striosome, also known as patch, and matrix, based on neurochemical differences between the two compartments. At this time, little is known regarding the regulation of the development of the two compartments.Nr4a1, primarily described as a nuclear receptor/immediate early gene involved in the homeostasis of the dopaminergic system, is a striosomal marker. UsingNr4a1-overexpressing andNr4a1-null mice, we sought to determine whether Nr4a1 is necessary and/or sufficient for striosome development. We report thatin vivoandin vitro,Nr4a1andOprm1mRNA levels are correlated. In the absence of Nr4a, there is a decrease in the percentage of striatal surface area occupied by striosomes. Alterations inNr4a1expression leads to dysregulation of multiple mRNAs of members of the dopamine receptor D1signal transduction system. Constitutive overexpression ofNr4a1decreases both the induction of phosphorylation of ERK after a single cocaine exposure and locomotor sensitization following chronic cocaine exposure.Nr4a1overexpression increases MSN excitability but reduces MSN long-term potentiation. In the resting state, type 5 adenylyl cyclase (AC5) activity is normal, but the ability of AC5 to be activated by Drd1 G-protein-coupled receptor inputs is decreased. Our results support a role forNr4a1in determination of striatal patch/matrix structure and in regulation of dopaminoceptive neuronal function.
Dickens’s Tableaux
Authors: Wiet Victoria
Published: September 2019

Victoria Wiet, “Dickens’s Tableaux: Melodrama and Sexual Opacity in David Copperfield and Bleak House” (pp. 167–198)

This essay examines the features and function of tableaux in two novels by Charles Dickens, David Copperfield (1850) and Bleak House (1853), in order to rethink the influence of melodramatic conventions on the form of narrative fiction, particularly the understanding of female sexuality that melodrama afforded novelists. Taking Dickens as an important example, literary critics have typically associated melodrama with ostentatious legibility, but recent scholarship on the theatrical tableau has illuminated the complex ways the melodramatic stage both produced and occluded revelation. Drawing on this work, I demonstrate that the adaptation of the tableau into the novel form increases the possibility of illegibility because readers necessarily rely on the narrator’s description and interpretation of the material world. In David Copperfield and Bleak House, this remediation has particularly significant consequences for the representation of sexually compromised women. By inadequately revealing the sexual histories of suspected “fallen women,” densely visual but opaque scenes featuring Annie Strong, Martha Endell, and Honoria Dedlock defer judgment on their characters, with Lady Dedlock’s protracted illegibility preventing her plot from culminating in a decisive narrative or moral conclusion. Because the narrators of both novels depict these female characters as deliberately making themselves illegible, the novel tableau becomes an important way for Dickens to dramatize the fallibility of the omniscient and quasi-omniscient narrators of realist fiction.
“He Resembled the Great Emperor”
Authors: Heitzman Matthew
Published: September 2019

Matthew Heitzman, “‘He Resembled the Great Emperor’: Charlotte Brontë, Villette, and the Rise of Napoleon III” (pp. 199–223)

This essay offers a local historical context for Charlotte Brontë’s Villette (1853), reading it in relation to the rise of Napoleon III as Emperor of France. Napoleon III completed his ascendancy just as Brontë was completing her novel. His rise prompted a mixture of anxiety and optimism in the English press, as English political commentators were uncertain if this new Napoleon’s reign would mark a return to the Anglo-French nationalist strife of the first Napoleonic period or if his rule would mark a détente and productive path forward for Anglo-French relations. I argue that this ambiguity is coded into Brontë’s characterization of Monsieur Paul Emanuel, and that we can read Monsieur Paul’s romance with Lucy Snowe as a political allegory—Brontë’s attempt to decipher what Napoleon III’s rapid rise meant for Anglo-French relations. I suggest in this essay that Brontë’s interest in the contemporary Anglo-French political context was a product of her fascination with Napoleon Bonaparte, specifically his rivalry with the Duke of Wellington, and that understanding her interest in the first Napoleonic period can help us to decipher why her depiction of Anglo-French nationalist interaction in Villette is totally at odds with her other novels, where French nationalism is typically a trait that needs to be effaced.
Early diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus using circulating microRNAs
Authors: Yoffe Liron , Polsky Avital , Gilam Avital , Raff Chen , Mecacci Federico , Ognibene Agostino , Crispi Fatima , Gratacós Eduard , Kanety Hannah , Mazaki-Tovi Shali , Shomron Noam , Hod Moshe
Published: September 2019

Design

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common pregnancy complications and its prevalence is constantly rising worldwide. Diagnosis is commonly in the late second or early third trimester of pregnancy, though the development of GDM starts early; hence, first-trimester diagnosis is feasible.

Objective

Our objective was to identify microRNAs that best distinguish GDM samples from those of healthy pregnant women and to evaluate the predictive value of microRNAs for GDM detection in the first trimester.

Methods

We investigated the abundance of circulating microRNAs in the plasma of pregnant women in their first trimester. Two populations were included in the study to enable population-specific as well as cross-population inspection of expression profiles. Each microRNA was tested for differential expression in GDM vs control samples, and their efficiency for GDM detection was evaluated using machine-learning models.

Results

Two upregulated microRNAs (miR-223 and miR-23a) were identified in GDM vs the control set, and validated on a new cohort of women. Using both microRNAs in a logistic-regression model, we achieved an AUC value of 0.91. We further demonstrated the overall predictive value of microRNAs using several types of multivariable machine-learning models that included the entire set of expressed microRNAs. All models achieved high accuracy when applied on the dataset (mean AUC = 0.77). The significance of the classification results was established via permutation tests.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that circulating microRNAs are potential biomarkers for GDM in the first trimester. This warrants further examination and lays the foundation for producing a novel early non-invasive diagnostic tool for GDM.
The sigma-1 receptor as key common factor in cocaine and food-seeking behaviors
Authors: Aguinaga David , Casanovas Mireia , Rivas-Santisteban Rafael , Reyes-Resina Irene , Navarro Gemma , Franco Rafael
Published: September 2019

Addiction and eating disorders involve brain reward circuits. Binge eating predisposes to addictive behavior, while the cessation of exposure to drugs of abuse leads to reward activities, including intake of tasty foods. Cocaine use is associated with a decrease in food intake, with reversal after drug use is discontinued. Exciting new findings show that receptors for the ‘hunger’ hormone, ghrelin, directly interact with the sigma-1 receptor (σ1R), which is a target of cocaine. σ1Rs are key players in regulating dopaminergic neurotransmission and ghrelin-mediated actions. This review focuses on the σ1 receptor as a general neuroendocrine regulator by directly interacting with neuronal G-protein-coupled receptors. This review also covers the early mechanisms by which cocaine binding to σ1 blocks the food-seeking behavior triggered by ghrelin. Those findings appear as fundamental to understand common mechanisms in drug addiction and eating disorders.
Is there a relationship between schooling and risky health behaviors in Colombia?
Authors: Iregui-Bohórquez Ana María , Melo-Becerra Ligia Alba , Ramírez-Giraldo María Teresa
Published: September 2019

This paper uses the National Health Survey to analyze the relationship between education and risky health behaviors, namely smoking, heavy drinking, obesity, and unsafe sexual behavior, by estimating the education gradient. We also provide evidence on the effect of education, socio-economic and knowledge variables on these health behaviors by gender and area of residence. The results indicate that there is a negative and significant effect of years of schooling on the probability of smoking, whereas the probability of heavy drinking and unsafe sexual behaviors increase with education, highlighting the importance of social and cultural factors.
Un no como respuesta: interpretación, tratamiento y análisis en estudios de valoración contingente
Authors: Cárdenas Varón Gina , Vargas Pérez Andrés Mauricio , Díaz Florian David
Published: September 2019

El método de valoración contingente (MVC) es extensivamente usado para asistir decisiones de carácter público. Preocupa, sin embargo, que una proporción importante de individuos proveen una disposición a pagar de cero que no es reconciliable con la teoría económica. Basado en tres ejercicios de MVC, este artículo examina las motivaciones detrás de estos ceros no económicos (protesta) y sus implicaciones para la estimación de valores monetarios. Los resultados muestran que detrás de las protestas hay motivaciones éticas y de equidad que deberían ser consideradas en los procesos de decisión, pero que quedan escondidas al seguir el procedimiento convencional del MVC.
Demanda agregada y desigualdad regional por género en México
Authors: Ayala Gaytán Edgardo Arturo , Chapa Cantú Joana Cecilia
Published: September 2019

Se propone una técnica de descomposición estructural que permite descomponer el ingreso laboral de hombres y mujeres en cuatro regiones de México, vinculado a una expansión en la demanda final en tres efectos: nacional, regional y tecnológico. Los resultados indican que los multiplicadores del ingreso de las mujeres son relativamente altos en servicios. El consumo del Gobierno es el que impacta más el ingreso de las mujeres; en cambio, la expansión de la inversión favorece más el ingreso de los hombres. Los índices de equidad de género regionales son poco sensibles a expansiones en la demanda final.
No linealidades y efectos umbral en la relación capital humano-crecimiento económico
Authors: Rojas Mara Leticia , Monterubbianesi Pablo Daniel , Dabús Carlos Darío
Published: September 2019

Este artículo analiza la relación capital humano-crecimiento (considerando el primero con un enfoque amplio que involucra salud y educación) para 86 países en el periodo de 1960 a 2010. El objetivo es evaluar la presencia de no linealidades y efectos umbral mediante técnicas de panel paramétricas y semiparamétricas. Los resultados muestran: a) evidencia notoria de no linealidades en la educación, con un rango de valores medios de educación (e ingresos) para los cuales la relación es negativa (efectos umbral); b) evidencia de no linealidades para la salud, aunque el efecto es más suave; y c) gran dispersión en la relación educación-crecimiento a niveles medios y altos de ingresos.
Financialisation in Latin America. Challenges of the export-led growth model, edited by Noemi Levy and Jorge Bustamante, Routledge, Londres y Nueva York, 2019
Authors: Moreno Rivas Álvaro Martín
Published: September 2019

La publicación del libro que reseñamos en esta oportunidad es el resultado de un esfuerzo colectivo de un grupo reducido de investigadores y economistas que, en su mayor parte, trabajan en el sur. A pesar de la diversidad de experiencias y tradiciones intelectuales, los autores logran integrar en quince breves ensayos una obra robusta. El libro se divide en tres grandes secciones. La primera trata de las tendencias regionales. Se incluyen seis artículos que examinan los efectos del giro ideológico de la política económica y la extensión de la financiarización sobre la desindustrialización de América Latina, la inversión extranjera, la acumulación de capital en la región, el comportamiento microeconómico de las grandes corporaciones y los impactos en la desigualdad de la financiarización y del nuevo consenso macroeconómico.
Problematic risk-taking involving emerging technologies: A stakeholder framework to minimize harms
Authors: Swanton Thomas B. , Blaszczynski Alex , Forlini Cynthia , Starcevic Vladan , Gainsbury Sally M.
Published: September 2019

Background and aims: Despite the many benefits of technological advancements, problematic use of emerging technologies may lead to consumers experiencing harms. Substantial problems and behavioral addictions, such as gambling and gaming disorders, are recognized to be related to Internet-based technologies, including the myriad of new devices and platforms available. This review paper seeks to explore problematic risk-taking behaviors involving emerging technologies (e.g., online gambling and gaming, online sexual behaviors, and oversharing of personal information via social networking sites) that have the potential to lead to problematic outcomes for individuals.

Results and discussion: Previous research has focused on policy frameworks for responding to specific issues (e.g., online gambling), but a broader framework is needed to address issues as they emerge, given lags in governments and regulators responding to dynamically evolving technological environments. In this paper, key terms and issues involved are identified and discussed. We propose an initial framework for the relative roles and responsibilities of key stakeholder groups involved in addressing these issues (e.g., industry operators, governments and regulators, community groups, researchers, treatment providers, and individual consumers/end users).

Conclusion: Multidisciplinary collaboration can facilitate a comprehensive, unified response from all stakeholders that balances individual civil liberties with societal responsibilities and institutional duty of care.
Overcoming the unitary exploration of binge-watching: A cluster analytical approach
Authors: Flayelle Maèva , Maurage Pierre , Karila Laurent , Vögele Claus , Billieux Joël
Published: September 2019

Background and aims

Binge-watching (i.e., watching multiple episodes of a TV series in one session) has recently become standard practice among TV series viewers; this expansion generates concerns regarding the potential negative outcomes associated with this habit. However, the investigation of its psychological correlates remains fragmentary, with few initial studies a priori conceptualizing this behavior as a new addictive disorder. This study explored these psychological correlates using cluster analysis of binge-watching behavior based on three key psychological factors: motivations, impulsivity, and emotional reactivity.

Methods

An online survey was completed by 4,039 TV series viewers. Data were analyzed using hierarchical and non-hierarchical cluster analyses, the validity of the clusters being finally determined through mutual comparisons with a selection of external correlates.

Results

Four clusters were identified: recreational TV series viewers (presenting low involvement in binge-watching), regulated binge-watchers (moderately involved), avid binge-watchers (presenting elevated but non-problematic involvement), and unregulated binge-watchers (presenting potentially problematic involvement associated with negative outcomes).

Discussion and conclusions

This study underlines the heterogeneous and multidetermined nature of binge-watching. Our findings suggest that high engagement in binge-watching is distinct from problematic binge-watching, thus reinforcing the notion that conceptualizing binge-watching as an addictive disorder is of low relevance and might actually lead to the overpathologization of this highly popular leisure activity.
MODEL KKN SISDAMAS UIN SUNAN GUNUNG DJATI BANDUNG: TANTANGAN DAN PELUANG PELAKSANAAN
Authors: Fridayanti Fridayanti , Sururie Ramdhani Wahyu , Aziz Rohmanur , Uriawan Wisnu , Zulqiah Zulqiah , Mardiansyah Yadi
Published: September 2019

Sisdamas Community Service Program is a community service model developed by UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung. This model is a form of Education-based service that involves collaboration between facilitators from the UIN Sunan Gunung Djati and the community. The model was developed as a framework for implementing Community Service Programs in assessing the situation and conditions of the community and developing work plans. The purpose of this article is to describe what and how Sisdamas Community Service Program and the challenges of implementing the model and future implementation opportunities
PENANAMAN POHON SEBAGAI UPAYA MENJAGA CADANGAN AIR TANAH DAN MENCEGAH BAHAYA EROSI DI KECAMATAN CIBIRU
Authors: Harisman Kundang , Frasetya Budy , Sudrajat Adjat , Birnadi Suryaman , Sholeha Maratun
Published: September 2019

Land use conversion in to settlements and agricultural land affect rainwater can not be infiltrate directly in to the soil. Cibiru District has large area with slope so that this region has high risk of erosion. Soil and water conservation activity through tree planting methode  involving comunity services is startegic effort to overcome potential erosion hazzard and increase soil infiltration. The activity of Community services was held from July-August 2018 in Palasari sub-district which has slope 8-15%. This community services methode used in the form of tree planting workshop and supervision during the manintenance periode. This tree planting program was welcomed enthusiastically by the community. The comunity in Cibiru District is pro active in preservation trees, especially during the dry season.
PEMBERDAYAAN IBU-IBU JAMAAH MAJELIS TA’LIM MELALUI PELATIHAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN SYARI’AH DI DESA BALOKANG KOTA BANJAR PROPINSI JAWA BARAT
Authors: Bisri Hasan , Setiawan Cucu
Published: September 2019

Community service using the participatory action research (PAR) method offers a Shari'ah entrepreneurship training program. The activity carried out in Balokang Village, Banjar City, West Java Province succeeded in increasing the knowledge, understanding, and insights of the assembly members of the Assembly of Ta'lim about the Shari'ah economic theory, so that they have an awareness to do it in Shari'ah
PEMANFAATAN KULIT DAN BONGGOL PISANG UNTUK BAHAN BAKU MAKANAN RINGAN DI MAJELIS TAKLIM AN NUR CILEUNYI KABUPATEN BANDUNG
Authors: Amalia Vina , Rosahdi Tina Dewi , Sudiarti Tety
Published: September 2019

Banana is a favorite fruit of the Indonesian people. So far, only the fruit is consumed, while the peel, hump and others are useless and become waste. The banana peel and banana humps contain high nutritional value. So that it has the potential to be processed as a food product, such as “sale” of banana peels, abon and banana hump jerky. This product can be an added income for woman’s, the members of the Taklim (MT) assembly of An Nur. MT consists of woman’s from various professional backgrounds. Most of them are ordinary housewives who are also agent of Posyandu RW 03 Cileunyi Kulon Village, Kec. Cileunyi Kab. Bandung. Some of them are teachers and entrepreneurs. Training on making food made from banana humps and peel was carried out for two months. Consisting of counseling on nutritional content, the practice of making “Sale”, shredded meat and beef jerky, and marketing strategies. The obstacle faced is the limitation of banana humps, because banana only found when bananas are harvested. While the processing of banana peels produces products that have less attractive colors because of the browning process that is common in processing bananas so that dyes are needed. Marketing using online media is not suitable for members of MT An Nur, where only a few members have social media and smart phones. In the future, this skill is expected to be the provision of mothers to improve their nutritional status and family economy and can be disseminated through their own MT programs and posyandu programs at the RW, village and sub-district levels.
Vitamins А, С and D — Essential Trio for Infants
Authors: Shikh Evgenia V. , Makhova Anna A. , Alekseeva Ekaterina I.
Published: September 2019

Administration of essential vitamins A, C and D in vitamin-mineral complex in common dosage is efficient for immunity formation, harmonious physical and neuropsychic development, rickets prevention. Dosage of components at the physiological daily maintenance in basic vitamin complexes for infants is integral for nursing mother supplementation and fortification of the food used for infant weaning. If necessary, and specifically in immature infants, the basic vitamin complex (vitamins A, C and D) can be extended with other required micronutrients (vitamin D, for example, can be extended up to 1000 ME). It depends on feeding type, intake of vitamin-mineral complexes for nursing mothers, seasonal prevalence, region and many other factors.
The Safety of 4-valent Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Two Years Old Children: Prospective Cohort Study in Sakhalin Region
Authors: Solonina Oxana V. , Sy Tatiana M.
Published: September 2019

Background. Acceptability of routine immunization with vaccine to meningococcus serogroups A, C, W, Y in Russian children have not been studied earlier. Objective. The aim of the study was to understand the safety of polyvalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine administration in two years old children in actual clinical practice. Methods. The vaccination of two years old children against meningococcal disease has been performing in Sakhalin region since April 2018. All children who received single 4-valent meningococcal conjugate vaccine to A, C, W, Y serogroups in the period from April to November 2018 were included into the research. The vaccine safety in general group was estimated by local pediatricians visiting due to general and local adverse effects on vaccine injection in one month period. Safety study for children vaccinated in the period from September to October 2018 was carried out by questioning parents. Results. 1250 children were vaccinated during this research. Local paediatricians has recorded 11 (0.9%) appointments due to adverse effects within 1 month after vaccination. All of them were mild: infiltrates in the vaccine injection site (4 cases), high temperature up to 38°C (7 cases). Survey of 100 parents has shown that at least one adverse effect in 4 weeks period was noted only in 23 children: local reactions (induration, redness at the injection site) in 14 cases, general reactions (temperature increase up to 38.7°C) in 9 cases. No adverse effects needed medical intervention. Conclusion. Adverse effects were recorded in less than 1% of all cases according to local paediatricians appointments and in every 4th case according to parents questioning among all two years old children who undergone immunization with 4-valent meningococcal conjugate vaccine to A, C, W, Y serogroups.
13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine and Haemophilus Influenzae-Tetanus Toxoid Conjugate Vaccine in Patient with Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Receiving Tocilizumab: Clinical Case
Authors: Alekseeva Ekaterina I. , Van’kova Dar’ya D. , Dvoryakovskaya Tatyana M. , Isaeva Kseniya B. , Denisova Rina V. , Mamutova Anna V. , Chomahidze Aleksandra M. , Mayanskiy Nikolay A. , Tkachenko Natalya E. , Kurdup Maria V. , Radygina Tatyana V. , Zubkova Irina V.
Published: September 2019

Background. Vaccination coverage in patients with rheumatic diseases remains extremely low. Moreover, infections are the leading cause of death in such patients. Respiratory infections mortality is 2–5 times higher in adults with rheumatoid arthritis than in overall population. The most frequent infectious complications in patients receiving Tocilizumab (first-line drug for treatment of patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA)) are pneumonia and acute sinusitis. Their clinical course differs: slight clinical presentation, reference ranges of laboratory tests of disease activity (ESR, C-reactive protein), significant changes in lungs and paranasal sinuses according to the computer tomography. Infectious complications development can cause aggravation of prior disease itself or due to temporary immunosuppressive therapy cessation. Clinical Case Description. The experience of immunization with 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) and haemophilus influenzae-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine in the 1,5 years old boy with SJIA receiving interleukin-6 receptor monoclonal antibody Tocilizumab is presented. The result of such vaccination was increase of pneumococcal and haemophilus influenzae antibodies levels by more than two times. Meanwhile vaccination had no negative impact on the prior disease course: the levels of predictors of prior disease aggravation such as protein S100 and highly sensitive C-reactive protein did not increase significantly in comparison with the period before vaccination. Conclusion. The efficiency and safety of immunization with PCV13 and haemophilus influenzae-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine in the child with SJIA receiving Tocilizumab is presented.
Homocystinuria: Literature Review and Clinical Case Description
Authors: Buchinskaya Natalia V. , Isupova Eugenia A. , Kostik Mikhail M.
Published: September 2019

Homocystinuria is rare autosomal-recessive monogenic disorder associated with disturbance of methionine metabolism due to liver enzyme cystathionine--synthetase (CBS) deficit. That in turn causes elevated concentration of homocystein and its metabolites in blood and urine. The main clinical manifestations of homocystinuria are: myopia, ectopia lentis, psychomotor retardation, learning difficulties, mental retardation, mental illnesses, behaviour problems, paroxysms, extrapyramidal symptoms, skeletal anomalies (body height), long limbs — dolichostenomelia and arachnodactylia (Marfan Phenotype), pectus carinatum, valgus lower limbs, scoliosis, osteoporosis, thromboembolic disorders. Diagnostics of homocystinuria is based on clinical findings and laboratory changes (increase of methionine and homocysteine levels in serum). There is prenatal and DNA-diagnostics (genetic variants in CBS gene). Revealing of homocystinuria demands examination of first-degree relatives. Therapy of patients with homocystinuria includes not only diet therapy but also pyridoxine, folic acid, betaine administration. Syndromic concomitant therapy is also used. The description of the patient with severe B6-resistant form of homocystinuria is given in this article.
Polypharmacy in Pediatrics: Modern Conditions
Authors: Lazareva Natalia B. , Shikh Evgenia V. , Rebrova Ekaterina V. , Ryazanova Anastasia Yu.
Published: September 2019

The polypharmacy as the reason of iatrogeny is topical problem of health care both in Russia and in the world. Clinical aspects of polypharmacy come out as pharmacotherapy efficiency decrease and development of severe adverse drug effects as well as health care cost increase. There is no uniform definition of polypharmacy in pediatric practice. However quantity and duration of medicine administration, medicine class, medicine eligibility, medical conditions and clinical conditions are usually considered. The correlations between existing medicines prescription models and health problems in children appears relevant. The results of recent researches on this problem are presented in the review.
The results of surgical treatment of a patient with isolated left ventricular apical hypoplasia and left ventricular noncompaction
Authors: Skidan V. I. , Bsharat Kh. A. , Aseeva Yu. I. , Nartsissova G. P. , Pavlyukova E. N.
Published: September 2019

There is a presentation of the results of a two-year follow-up after surgical treatment of a patient with chronic heart failure and a permanent form of atrial fibrillation, in which isolated apex hypoplasia and non-compaction of left ventricular myocardium were revealed.
A design method for flexible retaining walls in clay
Authors: Deng Chuhan , Haigh Stuart K. , Ma Xianfeng , Xu Jiawei
Published: September 2019

Design of retaining walls in clay is typically based on ultimate limit state calculations to prevent collapse, with arbitrary factors of safety used to limit deformations. These factors of safety do not take into account the different rates of strength mobilisation in the wide variety of clays found worldwide. As there is substantial uncertainty in this approach, conventional design tends to lead to excessive conservatism with associated high cost. The novel analysis procedure based on the fraction of the strength of soil mobilised for a given wall displacement developed here allows rapid assessment of wall deformations and stresses by way of a simple two-parameter constitutive model which can be easily calibrated using conventional triaxial data. The model is validated based on field and model case histories with a variety of different clays and propping conditions and is shown to exhibit good performance in predicting the behaviour of published case histories based on soil parameters extracted from previously published soil test data. This novel analysis provides for the first time a route for practising engineers to carry out fast, efficient design at early stages of the design process by considering many potential wall geometries without the computational overhead of complex finite-element or finite-difference numerical models.
Autism and Vaccinations: Does Google side with Science?
Authors: ERDEN Semih , NALBANT Kevser , FERAHKAYA Hurşit
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground/Aims: Genetic and environmental factors are thought to
play a role in the etiology of autism spectrum disorder. Studies on vaccination
from environmental factors strongly suggest that there is no relationship
between vaccine and autism development. However, a part of society still
believes that vaccines lead to autism. In this study, it is aimed to
investigate the distribution and reliability of the articles on the internet
which is the first place that families apply to be informed about this subject.
In this study, we searched "autism vaccine" phrase in Google’s
version for Turkey.Methods: In this study, we searched "autism
vaccine" phrase in Google’s version for Turkey. The information on each
web site was grouped as true, false and contradictory. We used the JAMA score,
a standard indicator of health information quality, to assess the basic
reliability index of the article. The JAMA score takes into account whether a
website declares an author, the date of writing, financial ownership and
whether the information is supported by references.Results: A total of 124 websites were listed as a result
of this search. When irrelevant and inaccessible sites were removed, 102 web
pages were evaluated. 76 (74.5%) of the results were correct, 20 (19.6%) were
wrong and 6 (5.9%) were contradictory. No significant difference was found
between the total JAMA scores of the websites with true-false information.
However, the JAMA score of the correct information was higher. No significant
relationship was found between the accuracy of the information and the ranking
of the sites. However, six of the top ten results were true, three were false,
and one contained contradictory information.Conclusions: These results show that the correct information
is not listed primarily in the top positions and the information about autism
and vaccination is in a similar distribution. It is important that the internet
environment is closely monitored by scientists because of the information
affecting the vaccination.
European Integration of Ukraine in the Context of Geopolitical Contrasting «Russia-West»
Authors: Yakuba Veronika
Published: September 2019

The article considers the European integration of Ukraine as its important strategic foreign policy priority. This is an even more urgent task, since Russia’s unfolding hybrid war against Ukraine has already led to the widespread use of armed forces, violation of the territorial integrity and inviolability of the borders of a sovereign state, the erosion of its will regarding its own civilized choice. The increase in the volume and intensity of aggressive actions against Ukraine is being advanced by Russia to the practice of state terrorism. The ideological sabotage that preceded and followed Russia’s armed aggression was aimed at discrediting the state system of Ukraine and weakening its central government control, creating problems for the security and economic sectors of our state, and legitimizing the separatist movement of the southeastern Ukraine in the eyes of the international community. In the unstable hybrid war, the policy of historical memory is one of the central places. Practice shows that in the information field of the Ukrainian-Russian confrontation with the policy of memory there is far not all historical knowledge, but the most valuable, meaningful, productive, suitable for the creative life-support of the nation. In this sense, historical memory should be considered as a kind of intellectual and psychological equipment of the spiritual immunity of a national community or an individual as a necessary (though not sufficient!) Matrix-sieve, which serves to sift the flow of historical events, phenomena and facts.

An analysis of the formation of the pro-European identity of Ukraine in the context of the events of the last four years (Crimean annexation, Russian hybrid warfare, European integration course) has been analyzed. It was concluded that just after the events of EuroMaydan, Ukraine had an incentive to more consciously identify itself with the European community.
The principle of reasonableness in civil law
Authors: Konovalov A. V.
Published: September 2019

In the article, the author substantiates the conclusion that the reasonableness of behavior of a subject of civil law is expressed in his aspiration, while exercising his rights and performing his duties, to commensurate his behavior with common sense, general perceptions of prudence and economic feasibility, rights and legally protected interests of other participants of relations regulated under civil law.

Based on the analysis of legislation and practice of its application, the author comes to the conclusion that the main objectives of the principle of reasonableness in civil law include: encouragement of participants of relations regulated under civil law to behave responsibly and conscientiously; establishment of the presumption of compensatory nature and equivalence of the scope of considerations provided for under obligations arising in civil law relations; enforcement of the application of adequate measures of civil liability in case of default on or improper performance of obligations, etc.
Approaches to arbitrability determination: arbitrability, jurisdiction and competence correlation
Authors: Eremin V. V.
Published: September 2019

The paper considers the issues of such a phenomenon as arbitrability, as well as its correlation with the categories of jurisdiction and competence. The study of arbitrability is relevant in the light of the resonant practice of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on issues of arbitrability of certain categories of disputes that has been taking place in recent years. Arbitrability is a relatively new term in domestic science and practice. Although it has received quite a wide resonance, it still not implemented in domestic regulatory legal acts. The author attempts to determine arbitrability, as well as considers existing approaches and views on arbitrability. Foreign and domestic doctrinal views on arbitrability are divided, as well as various understandings of this phenomenon. An important aspect is the differentiation of competence, jurisdiction and arbitrability. The need for diligent work to create and develop “rules of arbitrability” and “elements of arbitrability” at the legislative level is noted. The author notes that arbitrability is also a process of research by the arbitration or court of the elements that make it up.
Electronic payment systems in Russia and in foreign countries
Authors: Khomenko E. G.
Published: September 2019

The paper is devoted to a comparative analysis of payment systems using electronic technologies in the implementation of money transfer services in Russia and abroad. A comparative analysis of payment systems in the UK, USA, France, Switzerland with Russian payment systems is carried out, electronic information exchange systems used in national payment systems of states are considered. The importance of the mentioned system for wholesale payment systems in any country of the world is noted. The author makes conclusions on progressive electronic payment management systems in the Russian Federation.
Ecological zoning of the territory: problems of definition and legal regulation
Authors: Shchepanskiy I. S. , Zhigailo K. V.
Published: September 2019

The paper examines the approaches to environmental zoning of territories presented in legal acts and legal doctrine, the relationship with the zones with special conditions for the use of territories used in urban planning legislation. The general approaches to determining the types of territories and zones, in relation to which a special regime of nature management and protection is established, are analyzed.

The following main ecological zones with a special regime of conservation and environmental management are identified: specially protected natural territories, health-improving places and resorts, nature protection zones around water bodies, sanitary protection and security zones, zones around a source of ionizing radiation, zones of ecological disaster, emergency situations, flooding, underflood, etc. In addition, the land use regime is affected by land categories and the established type of permitted use.

A brief outline of the requirements for ensuring the openness and accessibility of information about each of these territories and their legal regulation is given.

The authors conclude that the legal acts regulating this sphere are fragmented and that there is no integrated approach to their establishment. General recommendations are given on optimizing legal regulation in this area.
Conversation with professor A.A. Guseynov
Authors: Artemov V. M.
Published: September 2019

The paper is a conversation between the scientific adviser of the Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Philosophy, Professor Abdusalam Abdulkerimovich Guseynov and the activists of the philosophical and legal club “Moral Dimension of Law” headed by its scientific adviser — Doctor of Philosophy, Professor Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Artemov (Department of Philosophy and Sociology of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)).
Feeding the dragon: The devouring monster in Anglo-Saxon eschatological imagery
Authors: Di Sciacca Claudia
Published: September 2019

This essay deals with two intertwined eschatological motifs of the literary and iconographic culture of early medieval England: the devouring devil, especially in the guise of a dragon, and the mouth of hell, fashioned as the jowls of a zoomorphic monster, arguably a distinctively English adaptation of the anthropomorphic mouth of hell of classical descent. The following analysis will outline the intricate, creative interplay of crucial themes of Christian eschatology and demonology, on which theimagery of the demonic devouring dragon and the mouth of hell can be said to ultimately rely. In particular, it will be argued that the coalescence of these two widespread motifs into the distinctively Anglo-Saxon imagery of the zoomorphic mouth of hell may have been triggered by the cosmology and eschatology of two apocrypha especially popular in early medieval England, the Seven Heavens apocryphon and the Gospel of Nicodemus, especially its section on the Descensus ad Inferos. The discussion of relevant textual, manuscript, and iconographic evidence willafford intriguing insights into the shaping of this syncretic blending, as well as hinting at the milieu where such a blending may have been if not initiated, then at least endorsed and popularised.Keywords: Anglo-Saxon eschatology; apocrypha; mouth of hell; source studies; manuscript studies
Gibberellik Asit Ön Uygulamasına Tabi Tutulmuş Triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack)’ de Tuz (NaCl) Stresinin Çimlenme Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: ORAL Erol , ALTUNER Fevzi , TUNÇTÜRK Ruveyde , BARAN İshak
Published: September 2019

Bu araştırma, tritikale (x Triticosecale Wittmack) tohumlarına çimlenme öncesi uygulanan
GA3’ün tuzlu koşullarda çimlenme ve ilk gelişme dönemi üzerine etkilerinin
incelenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada Mikham-2002 tritikale çeşidine
dört farklı GA3(0, 100, 200 ve 300 ppm) ve  tuz (0, 50, 100 ve 200 mM NaCl)
konsantrasyonu uygulanmıştır. Deneme, Tesadüf Parselleri Deneme Deseni’ ne göre
faktöriyel düzende 4 tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Araştırmada çimlenme gücü
(%), çimlenme oranı (%), çimlenme indeksi (%), ortalama çimlenme süresi (gün),
hassaslık indeksi (%), kök uzunluğu (cm), gövde uzunluğu (cm), kök yaş ve  kuru ağırlığı (mg), gövde yaş ve kuru ağırlığı
(mg) değerleri incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucuna göre artan tuz dozlarının
tritikale (x Triticosecale Wittmack)’
çimlenme ve büyüme parametrelerini engellediği tespit edilmiştir. Artan GA3(Giberellik asit) dozlarının, tuz stresi altındaki tritikale tohumlarının
çimlenme ve büyüme parametreleri üzerine üzerine olumlu ve önemli etki yaptığı
görülmüştür. Tritikale tohumunda en iyi çimlenme özellikleri 300 ppm giberellik
asit + 0 mM (kontrol) tuz kombinasyonundan elde edilmiştir.
Histological evaluation of nephroprotective effect of Solanum nigrum fruit extract against gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in experimental rats
Authors: Kushwaha Vimlesh
Published: September 2019

Background: Drug induced nephrotoxicity, one of the most common renal problem, is a challenge to deal with especially in patients with renal dysfunction. It is responsible for 20% cases of acute renal failure in the community. Modern medicines are costly and have minimal nephroprotection. Solanum nigrum fruit extract, a cheaper drug, have antioxidant property and may help in nephroprotection.Methods: Total 54 rats were randomised in 3 groups named G10, G20 and G30 according to 10, 20 and 30 days of treatment. In each groups, rats were randomly assigned to any of the three subgroups i.e., control C group [received normal saline (2 ml/100 gm/day) orally consecutively for test duration], gentamicin treated (GT) group [received normal saline (2 ml/100 gm/day) orally consecutively for test duration and intraperitoneal gentamicin (40 mg/kg) once daily for last five days] and S. nigrum treated (SNT) group [received S. nigrum orally (200 mg/kg/day) for the test duration and intraperitoneal gentamicin (40 mg/kg) once daily for last five days]. Rats were sacrificed 24 hours after the last dose of gentamicin injection (on 11th, 21st and 31st day). Excised kidneys were weighted and prepared for histological examination.Results: The mean weight of kidneys in GT group was significantly higher than the SNT group in all test durations suggestive of decrease in inflammation in SNT group. This was also reflected histologically as SNT group kidney showed less amount of tubular destruction as compared to GT group.Conclusions: S. nigrum extract provide nephroprotection against gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity.
Combustion Analysis of Biodiesel Derived from Bone Marrow in a Diesel Generator at Low Loads
Authors: ERDOĞAN Sinan , BALKİ Mustafa Kemal , SAYIN Cenk
Published: September 2019

In this
study, biodiesel was produced from bone marrow by transesterification method.
The vast majority of animal bones cannot be collected and recycled. This
experimental study was carried out to incorporate unused resources in the
economy. In this study, the effects of biodiesel produced from bone marrow on
combustion characteristics of diesel engine were investigated.  The B20 (mixing 20% of biodiesel and 80%
diesel) and diesel (D2) were used as fuel in the tests. The tests were carried out at constant speed
(1500 rpm) and different engine loads (20% and 40% of the maximum power output)
of a diesel engine with direct injection, four-cylinder, and four-stroke. The combustion characteristics of the engine, such as
cylinder gas pressure, heat release rate, cumulative heat release, and mean gas
temperature were determined using combustion analysis software (FEBRIS) under
3.6 and 7.2 kW loads. The maximum points
of cylinder gas pressures have been very close in both fuels (D2, B20) at the
3.6 kW power output. The peak pressure of the B20 raised with the
increase of the engine load. The oxygen in the content and higher cetane number
of the biodiesel has raised the peak point of the heat release rate.
Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Laser-ignition of Wet Ethanol with Elevated Water Content
Authors: RAHMAN Kazi Mostafijur , KAWAHARA Nobuyuki , TOMİTA Eiji
Published: September 2019

Higher production cost of anhydrous ethanol associated with distillation
and dehydration process could be reduced through the direct use of wet/hydrous
ethanol in engine applications. In this study, both experimental investigation
and numerical analysis were carried out to quantify the effect of water content
on laser ignition characteristics of premixed charge of wet ethanol with
different water concentration and over a range of equivalence ratios.
Combustion of wet ethanol was initiated through laser-induced breakdown from a
Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. A high-speed camera is used to visualize the ignition
event and flame propagation. Results demonstrated that, presence of water in
ethanol up to 20% by volume accelerated the initial combustion reactions and
led to faster burning. Adverse effects of elevated water concentration in
ethanol at and beyond 30% (v/v), are more pronounced in fuel lean combustion
region compared with fuel rich combustion. Laser-induced breakdown
spectroscopic (LIBS) measurements revealed that, plasma temperature slightly
increased with added water in ethanol up to 20% (v/v) as water in ethanol
results in enhanced ionization of the gas mixture during laser breakdown, which
leads to more intense absorption of laser energy. Therefore, this study
demonstrates the potential of direct use of wet ethanol as an attractive fuel
for IC engine.
Current prevention and potential treatment options for dengue infection
Authors: Jasamai Malina , Yap Wei Boon , Sakulpanich Aurapa , Jaleel Azmath
Published: September 2019

Currently, treatments for dengue infection are only symptomatic as no antiviral agents nor vaccines are available to combat this virus. Despite challenges faced by researchers, many efforts are ongoing to reduce cases of dengue infection either by targeting the vector or the virus. Vector population is monitored and reduced by using mechanical, chemical and biological controls. Chemical control is achieved either by using synthetic or natural insecticides where the latter is more preferable. In biological control, bacteria, fungi and larvivorous fish are utilised to reduce the vector population. Moreover, genes of mosquitoes are also explored to produce progenies which are sterile with low survival ability. Vaccines are among the most effective ways to prevent viral infection. Various approaches have been used and are still being explored towards producing vaccines for dengue. These include live attenuated, inactivated, recombinant subunit, nucleic acid and virus-like particles vaccines. The aim is to produce a vaccine which can target all the four serotypes of the virus. Monoclonal antibodies are widely researched on to equip the host defense mechanism against the dengue virus. Deeper understanding of the virus replication cycle warrants the development of antiviral agents which target viral proteins vital for the replication process. Bioactive compounds are also utilised in the development of antiviral agents. The importance of surveillance and supportive therapy are also discussed.