bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Personnel File Management Based on Computer Information Technology
Authors: Juan Du
Published: March 2021

Informatization has become an inevitable trend in office, and it is also the main way for modern business society to improve work efficiency. From the observation of the reform of file management in practice, its main direction is based on computer technology. This research selects three aspects based on computer technology, including information resource management, technology management and service management. It mainly discusses the integration and utilization of information resources, technology management promotion measures and innovative service management system paths.
Decision making method of human resource demand selection in cloud manufacturing environment
Authors: Ye Baozhong , Chen Jian , Zhao Jing
Published: March 2021

In order to solve the problem of human resource selection of demander for provider in cloud manufacturing environment, this paper proposes a selection decision method from the perspective of provider. Firstly, the evaluation index system of demander is established, and the objective weight of each index is obtained by entropy weight method according to the demander’s demand information. Secondly, the subjective weight of each index is determined by improved AHP method and the comprehensive weight of each index is obtained by combining the subjective and objective weight. Then, the traditional TOPSIS method is improved to evaluate the demander and provide reference for the selection of supplier. Finally, an example is given to verify the effectiveness and practicability of the method.
Research on Safety Performance Appraisal Strength Based on Motivational Mechanisms
Authors: Guo Chenggong , Chen Jun , Jiang Yaxuan , Chang Jiaxi
Published: March 2021

As a quantitative tool and implementation means, performance appraisal and motivational mechanisms play an important role in the enterprise safety management system. Taking the negative motivation strength as the research object, this paper established an evaluation method and calculation model of enterprise safety performance motivation. A comparative analysis of the safety performance motivation of four electric power enterprises and three industries was conducted to examine the evaluation method and calculation model. The results illustrated the characteristics of safety performance appraisal strength of those enterprises and industries. This study can further enhance the awareness of safety responsibility of all employees in enterprises, provide a reference for other industries to implement safety performance reward and punishment mechanism and a useful reference for enterprises to improve safety management.
Design method of measurement errors of MEMS-IMU in attitude capture clothing
Authors: Yang Zhi , Zhang Zhonghui , Wang Dezhi
Published: March 2021

Attitude capture clothing is widely used in virtual anchor, virtual fitting and other fields, and MEMS-IMU is the key component to realize high cost-performance attitude capture clothing. However, a precision turntable is needed in order to estimate gyroscope’s static biasing, and measurement errors of MEMS-IMU are difficult to be obtained. Based on the problem, both attitude and gyroscope’s static biasing are estimated in field through a Kalman filter, a design method of measurement errors is proposed for improving attitude’s accuracy. In the proposed method, a mathematical model of measurement errors is given, and the optimal values of measurement errors are obtained by analysing the relationship between attitude’s accuracy and measurement errors. A MEMS-IMU with name of MPU9250 and size of 3 mm*3 mm* 1 mm is used for verifying the feasibility of the proposed method. Experimental results show pitch, roll and yaw deviate from the reference values by 0.008°, 0.006° and 0.6° respectively when the MEMS-IMU keeps movement at a constant speed in arbitrary trajectory, which is significant for promoting the application of MEMS-IMU in attitude capture clothing.
Verification of Air Data Computer Software using Formal Methods
Authors: Xu Jian , Zhang Xinai , Zhao Yi , Xu Bing
Published: March 2021

With the rapid development of airborne system and software, the requirement of software’s robustness, adaptability and reliability improves continually. Failure of software function may cause severe property loss and personnel casualties. Formal methods are mathematically based techniques for the specification, development, and verification of software aspects of digital systems that have obvious advantages in improving safety and reliability of airborne software. This paper takes Air Data Computer software as an example for formal verification in the whole software development process including requirements process, design process, coding process and integration process to demonstrate a set of formal methods application in the airborne software verification process.
Research on Ground Profiling Control of Combine Harvester Based on the Symmetric Algorithm
Authors: Wang Guoqiang , Su Rui
Published: March 2021

Combine harvester is an important part of agricultural modernization, and the function of the header is more important. The header is mainly composed of a transmission device, cutter, and reel. In the process of practical application, the harvest efficiency of different types of the combined cutting machine is much higher than that of manual harvesting. In this paper, a ground profiling sensing mechanism is designed by building a dynamic model. The results show that: the ground profiling sensor mechanism of combine header based on the symmetric algorithm can truly reflect the agricultural terrain data, and provide data support for the action of digging shovel and improve the profiling accuracy of the combine.
Highly sensitive T
1–T
2 dual-mode MRI probe based on ultra-small gadolinium oxide-decorated iron oxide nanocrystals
Authors: Miao Yashuang , Chen Peirong , Yan Miao , Xiao Jianmin , Hong Biao , Zhou Ke , Zhang Guilong , Qian Junchao , Wu Zhengyan
Published: March 2021

Single-mode magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents (CAs) in clinical settings are easily disturbed by calcification, bleeding, and adipose signals, which result in inaccurate diagnoses. In this study, we developed a highly efficient T
1–T
2 dual-mode MRI CA using an ultra-small gadolinium oxide-decorated magnetic iron oxide nanocrystal (GMIO). The gadolinium element could effectively alter the magnetic properties of the GMIO from soft-ferromagnetism to superparamagnetism. In addition, when the Gd/Fe ratio was 15% (designated as GMIO-2), the GMIO-2 possessed the best superparamagnetism and highest magnetism. Subsequently, T
1 and T
2 values of GMIO-2 were measured through a series of turbo spin-echo images and then multi-spin echo sequence, respectively. Based on this, T
1 and T
2 relaxivities of GMIO-2 were calculated and were the highest (r
1: 1.306 m M−1 s−1 and r
2: 234.5 m M−1 s−1) when compared to other groups. The cytotoxicity of GMIO-2 was negligible under a wide range of dosages, thus exhibiting excellent cell biocompatibility. Moreover, GMIO-2 could quickly diffuse into cells, leading to its effective accumulation. The systemic delivery of GMIO-2 resulted in an excellent T
1–T
2 dual-mode MRI contrast effect in kidneys, which is expected to improve the diagnosis of kidney lesions. Therefore, this work provides a promising candidate for the development of a T
1–T
2 dual-mode MRI CA.
Inorganic chemoreactive nanosonosensitzers with unique physiochemical properties and structural features for versatile sonodynamic nanotherapies
Authors: Dong Caihong , Hu Hui , Sun Liping , Chen Yu
Published: March 2021

The fast development of nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology has enabled the emerging of versatile therapeutic modalities with high therapeutic efficiency and biosafety, among which nanosonosensitizer-involved sonodynamic therapy (SDT) employs ultrasound (US) as the exogenous activation source for inducing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and disease therapy. The chemoreactive nanosonosensitizers are the critical components participating in the SDT process, which generally determine the SDT efficiency and therapeutic outcome. Compared to the traditional and mostly explored organic sonosensitizers, the recently developed inorganic chemoreactive nanosonosensitizers feature the distinct high stability, multifunctionality and significantly different SDT mechanism. This review dominantly discusses and highlights two types of inorganic nanosensitizers in sonodynamic treatments of various diseases and their underlying therapeutic mechanism, including US-activated generation of electrons (e−) and holes (h+) for facilitating the following ROS production and delivery of organic molecular sonosensitizers. Especially, this review proposes four strategies aiming for augmenting the SDT efficiency on antitumor and antibacterial applications based on inorganic sonosensitizers, including defect engineering, novel metal coupling, increasing electric conductivity and alleviating tumor hypoxia. The encountered challenges and critical issues facing these inorganic nanosonosensitzers are also highlighted and discussed for advancing their clinical translations.
Design and fabrication of electrospun Morinda citrifolia-based nanofibrous scaffold as skin wound dressing material: in vitro and in silico analysis
Authors: Ekambaram Rajalakshmi , Sugumar Moogambigai , Swaminathan Elamathi , Micheal Raj Arul Princy , Dharmalingam Sangeetha
Published: March 2021

Wound healing is an urgent problem that impacts quality of life, and the need for biomaterials suitable for the treatment of skin wound healing disease is increasing annually. Innovative biomaterials and treatments for skin abrasions are being relentlessly researched and established in order to improve treatment efficacy. Here, we describe a novel electrospun polymeric nanofibrous scaffold enriched with pharmaceutical bioactive materials extracted from Morinda citrifolia (MC), which demonstrated efficient skin wound healing therapy due to its excellent human skin keratinocyte proliferation and adhesion in in vitro analysis. Surface morphological analysis was used to reveal the nano-architectural structure of the electrospun scaffolds. The fabricated nanofibers displayed good antibacterial efficacy by creating an inhibitory zone for the pathogenic microbes studied. MC supported active healing due to the presence of pharmaceuticals associated with wound healing, as revealed by the results of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and the prediction of activity spectra for substances (PASS) analysis. Since MC is a multi-potential therapeutic herbal plant, it was found that the linoleic acid, olelic acid, and diethyl phthalate present in the extract supported the wound healing proteins glycogen-synthase-kinase-3-β-protein and Protein Data Bank—1Q5K with binding energies of −4.6, −5.2, and −5.9 kcal mol−1, as established by the results of in silico analysis. Thus, by being hydrophilic in nature, targeting wound proteins, increasing the proliferation and adhesion of keratinocytes and combating pathogens, the nanofibrous scaffolds endowed with MC extract proved to be an effective therapeutic material for skin wound dressing applications.
Anthropogenic aerosols prolong fog lifetime in China
Authors: Quan Jiannong , Liu Yangang , Jia Xingcan , Liu Lin , Dou Youjun , Xin Jinyuan , Seinfeld John H
Published: March 2021

Investigation of aerosol effects on fog with long-term measurements has generally focused on fog occurrence frequency and intensity; here we examine the effects on fog lifetime, fog formation, and fog dissipation. From analysis of 52 years (1960–2011) of data collected at 404 stations in China, it is found that fog lifetime exhibits a clear increasing trend with time, and the increased lifetime is mainly attributable to delayed fog dissipation. Increased aerosol levels and global warming affect fog lifetime in opposite ways; increased aerosol levels serve to prolong fog lifetime by primarily delaying fog dissipation, whereas warming decreases fog lifetime by primarily delaying fog formation. The overall aerosol effect on fog lifetime in China is shown to predominate, especially in the highly polluted region of Eastern China. The observational findings are confirmed by a suite of WRF-Chem simulations that reveal the influences of both increased aerosol levels and temperatures through a complex chain of interactions among microphysical, dynamical, thermodynamic, and radiative processes.
Digital cities and interactive stakeholder policy
Authors: Frolov D P , Strekalova A S
Published: March 2021

The paper reveals the evolution of digital development of modern cities in the context of new industrialization. Urban digitalization is being reassessed as a process of formation of a hybrid socio-economic system, with the leading role of institutions and institutional mechanisms of a novel type. Service industries are shown to be the main institutional models for development of the digitalized urban economy. A proactive institutional policy of digitalization is substantiated. The specificity of the effects of urban digitalization is described explicitly. The framework of a smart city’s interactive stakeholder policy is theorized.
The process of capital accumulation in a digital ecosystem: theoretical and methodological aspects
Authors: Matveev Yu V , Stepanova T E , Polyakov R K
Published: March 2021

The paper presents a theoretical and methodological analysis of the process of capital accumulation in the conditions of formation of a new civilization. The core of this civilization is the production mode as a set of productive forces that are in a contradictory unity with production-economic and eco-social relations, which reflect the contradictory relationship between production and consumption, namely, in their prerequisites, conditions, implementation, results and forms of manifestation.
Creative potential in the development of national ecosystems
Authors: Brizhak O V , Romanets I I
Published: March 2021

The scientific problem of involving creative potential in development of national ecosystems in current conditions of deep technological transformations is becoming more and more relevant and in demand. The creative potential of ecosystems is a powerful intellectual force that transforms and cognizes modern ecosystems, generates qualitatively new ideas to meet the challenges of the new economic reality and is capable of creating effective capital combinations based on these ideas. The authors focus on conceptual representation of the ecosystem as one of the progressive ways to organize economic activity and its components, formation and use of creative potential within national ecosystems, the value of intellectual capital as a capitalized value of the human creative potential, and creation of adequate mechanisms to involve creative people in self-development of national ecosystems. Through the prism of the pursuit of strategy for incorporation of a high-quality human creative potential into the Russian economy, the authors consider the key challenges and contradictions of modern transformations on the path to innovative ecosystem development, assess vectors of productive cooperation, experience exchange between Russian and foreign creative industries and recognition of significance of the creative sector in economic, social and institutional processes of local ecosystem development, and offer practical tools for problem solution at different levels of socio-economic transformations.
Institutional hybrids in the Russian economy
Authors: Stepanova T E , Manokhina N V , Polyakov R K
Published: March 2021

For the first time in domestic science, the macroeconomic study reported in this paper investigates institutional hybrids with regard to the country-specific features of a particular economy – the Russian ecosystem. Institutional hybrids immanent to the Russian ecosystem, their content and forms of manifestation, which are continuously reproduced and driven by conditions and specificity of the Russian ecosystem, are analyzed. It is concluded that the Russian ecosystem does not comply with the institutional matrix X and does not correspond to the institutional matrix Y, its modern institutional framework largely depends on the existing institutional hybrids.
Metamorphoses of the territorial community through the prism of the theory of generations
Authors: Kostrikova N A , Ogiy O G , Ya Yafasov A
Published: March 2021

The paper considers the processes, main factors and features of the formation and development of human resources in Kaliningrad region in the context of metamorphosis of socio-economic systems. The object of research is metamorphosis in socio-economic systems, and the subject of research is human capital as the basis for changes in these systems. The authors attempted to study the development trends of the socio-economic system of an individual in order to identify local groups of people, communities, whose ‘genetic’ memory and intelligence form the present and the future. Three metamorphoses are identified in the history of Kaliningrad region: in the period of 1945–1950, in 1991–1996, and the metamorphosis that has started in recent years and is associated with Hi-Tech development, digitalization of the economy and harmonization of the life of people. Harmonization of society in the 21st century is based on digital and technological platforms, revolutionary changes in biotechnology, energy, transport, and contactless communications within the concept of an inevitable transition from digital economy to the economy of wisdom. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the process of the ongoing metamorphosis and showed its necessity and lack of alternatives. The authors considered the relationship between migration flows and changes in the regional socio-economic system and concluded that metamorphoses are inevitable for harmonization of the life of regional societies. The study of the unique experience of the Kaliningrad society, which is in a state of permanent experiment, can help to find explanations and approaches to the control of transformation processes.
Contribution of human capital to the economic potential of the region
Authors: Ogiy O G , Kuzin V I , Harin A G
Published: March 2021

Rapid technological renewal and digitalization of the economy entail transformation of labor relations and an intensive change in the content of labor. The current reality forces us to revise our views on methods of assessing the social and labor sphere and the human factor in the economy. Human capital is regarded as a generally recognized factor in social and economic development. The results of numerous studies of human capital do not yet provide an unambiguous answer about the degree of its direct impact on the nature and dynamics of economic growth. At the same time, a review of the results of many empirical studies yields a conclusion about a stable relationship between human capital and the dynamics of economic development. In the study of human capital, the significance of the region is very high, since the behavioral, activity and systemic characteristics of the development of society, including economic potential, are formed primarily at this level. To identify the prerequisites and conditions that affect the formation of regional human capital, the analysis of the state and development trends of human capital should be supplemented with the characteristics of the socio-economic environment, where this process takes place. The authors use an updated version of the MRW model to assess the contribution of the human capital in Kaliningrad region, the Russian exclave, to its socio-economic development, and to determine the parameters of the socio-economic development of the region that can be treated as an integral part of its human capital. The accumulated human capital realized through labor potential becomes in turn a key factor in the economic development.
Analysis of the prospects for increasing non-resource exports of the Russian Federation through reduction of technical barriers to marketing organic products in foreign markets
Authors: Savenkova E V , Lebedeva A V , Adarchenko I A , Kurbatova A I
Published: March 2021

The paper analyzes the possibility of reducing technical barriers to marketing organic food in China, examines state regulators of the certification system and standards currently in force in China for various types of organic products. The possibility of recognition of the Russian organic product certification in China is analyzed. The requirements for organic products certification bodies established in China are studied.
The efficiency improvement of faecal sludge management with rate increase of biodegradation in septic tanks and pit latrines
Authors: Basamykina A , Kharlamova M , Burka M , Lukanin A , Savenkova E
Published: March 2021

The article discusses the environmental and economic aspects of faecal sludge management in an individual residential sector, proposes approaches to solving the problem, discusses findings in improving the effectiveness of the biodegradation rate of faecal sludge and domestic wastewater in a septic tank, and evaluates the using adequacy of biological additives for accelerating faecal sludge biodegradation.
Control method of wind-solar low power energy plant
Authors: Zakharov A I , Chizhma S N , Gribkov S V
Published: March 2021

The approach to providing private households, remote industrial objects and other consumers with electric power by hybrid renewable energy power plants is much of interest nowadays. Thus, it is currently important to synthesize control algorithms for increasing energy efficiency of hybrid renewable energy power plants. Control algorithms have to ensure efficient performance and provide maximization of electric generator parameters. Moreover, one of the objectives of control algorithms is limitation of generated power to secure nominal operational parameters of plant’s elements. It is required that controllers of different parts of hybrid energy plants operate consistently.
Vertical-axis wind turbines. Design technique
Authors: Gribkov S V , Chizhma S N
Published: March 2021

The paper highlights the prospects for development of vertical-axis wind turbines in the world and in Russia. Vertical-axis wind turbines are considered, and their general characteristics and their advantages and disadvantages are provided. The results of experimental studies in the wind tunnel and mathematical analysis of the impact of interaction of individual structural components on the wind turbine output characteristics are reported, and recommendations on the choice of x design parameters of wind turbines to improve energy performance are elaborated.
Connection and operation of wind farms as part of electric power-supply systems through the example of Kaliningrad region
Authors: Beley V F , Reshetnikov G A , Harzfeld E
Published: March 2021

The issues of connecting wind power plants (WPP) to the power-supply system and their joint operation are currently gaining relevance due to the growth of their capacities and an abruptly variable pattern of its delivery to the grid. The paper presents the analysis of standards, recommendations and regulations related to connection and operation of WPPs as part of the power-supply system. The developed mathematical model of the Ushakovskaya WPP is used to analyze its main operating modes. Practical recommendations for changing the scheme of power generation of the plant at increased capacity are given with due regard to the standard requirements.
Digital platform for management of the regional power grid consumption
Authors: Gnatyuk V I , Kivchun O R , Lutsenko D V
Published: March 2021

One of the trends in the current energy transition is decentralization of power management and diversification of power generating facilities in terms of both the level and the amount of installed capacity. This puts forward new requirements for interaction of the consumer who owns the pool of electric power equipment with the power supply company. One of the foundations of this interaction is power management and monitoring. An increased number and type of receivers and sources of electricity, and significantly increased data flows on energy consumption necessitates an appropriate digital platform to solve problems of energy consumption management and monitoring. The digital platform determines an appropriate environment for interaction between the consumer and the power supply company, and most significantly, the conditions for improved energy efficiency of the entire process of generation, transmission and consumption of electricity.
Assessment of antimicrobial and antioxidant components of Inonotus obliquus extract as a food ingredient
Authors: Milyuhina A K , Zabodalova L A , Kyzdarbek U , Romazyaeva I R , Kurbonova M K
Published: March 2021

Inonotus Obliquus or Tinder fungus is widely used in folk medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, for the prevention of cancer. It is widely known to be rich in polyphenolic substances. This study was designed to determine antioxidant and antibacterial potential. The objects of research are the aqueous extracts of chaga obtained by remaceration and microwave radiation in concentrations of 5, 50, 100, 200 g / dm3. It has been proven that aqueous extracts obtained using microwave radiation have a more pronounced antioxidant and antimicrobial effect in comparison with samples obtained only by remaceration.
Impact of the nitrate concentration on the biomass growth and the fatty acid profiles of microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana
Authors: Toumi A , Politaeva N A
Published: March 2021

Chlorella sorokiniana microalga is one of the species of interest that could be used for the production of valuable compounds such as lipids. Nitrogen stress is a common strategy used to enhance the lipid content in microalgae biomass. The present study compares the effects of several nitrate concentrations in the cultivation medium on the growth and fatty acid composition of the biomass of Chlorella sorokiniana. Results show that nitrogen starvation negatively impacts the growth of the biomass while nitrate repletion increased the biomass growth rates. The effect of initial concentrations of KNO3 from 0.1 g/l to 0.3 g/l did not show significant differences on the biomass productivity. Higher concentrations of KNO3 (0.4 g/l) are shown to decrease the yields of biomass. The highest yield of total lipids (25%) was obtained from the biomass grown under nitrogen deficiency, followed by the biomass grown in the medium containing 0.3 g/l of nitrates (23%). The study of the fatty acid profiles showed that nitrogen starvation decreased the accumulation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially omega-3 (linolenic acid), and increased the concentration of trans and saturated fatty acids. This cultivation strategy could be more suitable for the production of biodiesel. For the food and feed industry, the presence of nitrogen in the cultivation medium could be preferable as; in this case, the biomass cumulates higher concentrations of linolenic acid.
Evaluation of the balance of oils from fish by-products
Authors: Agafonova S V , Mezenova O Y , Volkov V V , Rykov A I
Published: March 2021

Fish by-products is a promising raw material for fish oil extraction, which is a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids, including omega-3 and omega-6 classes. Gas chromatography method was used to study the fatty acid composition of oils extracted from six types of fish by-products including heads, ridges and internal organs of Atlantic mackerel, Baltic herring, fresh Baltic sprat, heads and ridges of Atlantic salmon and heads of fresh herring and smoked sprat. The highest content of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids was found in mackerel and herring processing by-products – 43.6 and 49.6 %, respectively. The coefficients of oil balance are calculated. The coefficient of rationality of the fatty acid composition, which reflects the degree of compliance of oil with the “ideal” lipid for human nutrition was the highest for sprat oil (0.87 units fraction). Sprat oil is characterized by the most favorable ratio of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, since the coefficient of biological efficiency is as close as possible to 1. The coefficients of rationality of the fatty acid composition of other oils are reduced due to the significant predominance of omega-3 fatty acids. It is promising to use the studied oils to optimize the fatty acid composition of products based on animal fats and vegetable oils, which are characterized by a high content of omega-6 fatty acids.
Study of the in vitro degradation dynamics of the encapsulated PAL enzyme preparation in model biological fluids
Authors: Babich O O , Yu Prosekov A , Dyshlyuk L S
Published: March 2021

The use of PAL in the phenylketonuria treatment is hindered by the lack of well-studied mechanisms and systems of targeted transport of enzyme preparations to certain organs and tissues (brain, liver, skin, muscle and connective tissues, blood cells). It is known that as a result of the incorporation of any pharmaceutical composition into the composition of the carrier, the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the drug change. The essence of the enzyme stabilization process is to increase and maintain the catalytic activity of proteins, increase the duration of the catalytic action of enzymes on the substrate, change the optimal temperature and active acidity, increase productivity, as well as change the temporary effect of enzymes on the substrate in order to transform into an end product of the reaction. When stabilizing enzymes, encapsulation is preferred due to the fact that this method provides a high stability of enzymes under the influence of low temperature and low acidity of the environment, as well as the effect of harmful microflora and oxygen. It was proven that the degradation degree of capsules with PAL reaches 55–65% after 120 minutes of the experiment in distilled water. The maximum degradation of the encapsulated form of the PAL enzyme preparation (the proportion of capsule weight loss is 90–98%) occurs in model biorelevant media that mimic intestinal juice: SIF and FaSSIF. It should be noted that the rate of capsule degradation is higher in the simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) without pancreatin (the proportion of capsule weight loss is 92–98% after 15 minutes of the experiment) compared to the fasted state simulated intestinal fluid (FaSSIF) (the proportion of capsule weight loss is 90-97 % after 30 min of experiment).
In vitro study of the antioxidant activity of extracts from dried biomass of callus, cell suspension, and root cultures
Authors: Babich O O , Skrypnik L N , Pungin A V
Published: March 2021

The most promising sources of antioxidants are plant objects that contain natural antioxidants such as polyphenols, carotenoids, and vitamins. The paper studies the antioxidant activity of extracts from dried biomass of callus, suspension cell cultures, and root culturesin vitro. The study of the antioxidant activity of plant extracts showed that the maximum antioxidant activity (250.6 mg AA/g) is possessed by extracts from the dried biomass ofin vitrohyssop root cultures. According to this indicator, extracts from dried biomass of hyssop hairy exceed extracts from dried biomass of Amur maakia root cultures by 2.23 times, and extracts from dried biomass of Siler root cultures by 5.61 times. Extracts from the dried biomass ofin vitrocallus, cell suspension, and root cultures of Siler do not possess high antioxidant activity, which varies from 16.56 to 44.66 mg AA/g. The maximum indicator of antioxidant activity for this medicinal plant is observed in extracts from dried biomass ofin vitroroot cultures. For extracts from dried biomass ofin vitrocallus, cell suspension and root cultures of Amur maakia, the range of antioxidant activity indices is from 85.40 mg AA/g to 112.33 mg AA/g. The maximum antioxidant activity was observed in extracts from dried biomass ofin vitroroot cultures. A higher accumulation of anthocyanins was also found in the callus culture ofMalus sieversii f. niedzwetzkyanacultured on a nutrient medium containing both auxins and cytokinins.
Technology for the production of proteolytic enzymes from the digestive organs of freshwater fish in north-west Russia
Authors: Baydalinova L S , Bazhenov E A , Grimm Th
Published: March 2021

This article describes the enzymatic activity of proteolytic enzymes, the general chemical composition of the digestive organs of carnivorous and herbivorous fish in the period from October to November 2017 to April 2018. The dependence of the enzymatic activity on the pH of the medium and the mass fractions of protein and fat is shown. Based on the data obtained, enzymes were isolated from the digestive organs of bream (at pH 9.5) and pike-perch (at pH 2.5). To determine the activity of the test substance, we used the corrected absorbance for the test suspension (the difference in absorbance between the test sample and the control sample) obtained using raw materials for the period January to February 2018. We also carried out the purification of enzyme preparations using ion exchangers (Q-XL, SP-XL) and size exclusion chromatography (Sephadex G-75 Superfine), determining the molecular weight of enzyme preparations prepared from the digestive organs of pike-perch and bream.
The role of bioplato in conservation of the ichthyofauna of small river ecosystems
Authors: Usov A I , Bedareva O M , Troyan T N , Sauskan V I
Published: March 2021

When wastewater enters water bodies, it changes both physical properties and chemical composition of water. Qualitative and quantitative composition of aquatic organisms and the biological structure of phytocenopopulations change as well. A special form of pollution is eutrophication of water bodies. The ability of photosynthetic organisms to accumulate and use substances, primarily phosphorus and nitrogen, makes them actively involved in self-purification of natural waters. The anthropogenic impact on aquatic ecosystems is increasing, therefore, monitoring and global environmental protection systems are of great relevance. The paper deals with a range of issues: the impact of gas station discharges on chemical composition of water is studied and assessed; the concentration of pollutants in water is analyzed before and after a backwater inhabited with higher aquatic plants; the effect of hydrophytes on processes of self-purification of the water body is considered. Solution of the issues made it possible to assess the impact of higher plants on chemical composition of water and self-purification processes, and biota. The impact of higher plants on concentration of pollutants in the water body was analyzed. The study revealed that higher plants reduce an adverse effect of pollutants on the biotic potential of the river ecosystem.
Immobilization of bacterial cells on nanowires
Authors: Lyachkov P O , Sidorova N A , Ya Berezina O
Published: March 2021

The paper investigated the effect of immobilization of bacterial cells Lactobacillus brevis 2k.Gv. on polyvinylpyrrolidone nanowires on viability and enzymatic activity of cells. The optical density of the culture solution and the growth rate of lactobacilli were measured using a Reverse-Spinner RTS-1 bioreactor to assess physiological activity of the immobilized cells. It is shown that immobilization is ‘soft’, the carrier dissolves in the culture solution after biofilm formation.
Biodegradable polymers – perspectives and applications in agriculture
Authors: Kiselev E G , Zhila N O , Volova T G
Published: March 2021

The paper presents a brief overview of the results of the implementation of the project “Agropreparations of the new generation: a strategy of construction and realization”. The first part contains the analysis of the growth of the wild-type strain Cupriavidus necator B-10646 (formerly eutrophus) and the synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates by this strain on various substrates: glycerol, palm oil, Siberian oil seed, sunflower seed oils, and oleic acid. On refined glycerin, a highly productive process is implemented when scaling up, allowing to obtain 128 ± 11 g / L PHA. Evaluation of oils has shown that palm oil is the best carbon substrate. The second part presents the results of the development of environmentally friendly slow-release pesticide formulations. They are a degradable matrix of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate mixed with natural materials (peat, clay, wood flour), into which a pesticide (metribuzin, tribenuron-methyl, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, azoxystrobin, epoxiconazole, and tebuconazole) has been. The developed preparations showed high activity against pathogenic fungi and weeds and had a much weaker negative effect on the soil microflora. Studies of the degradation of the developed preparations and the release of pesticides into the soil confirm their effectiveness over a long period of time, up to 90 days.
Simulation of fermentolysis of secondary meat and bone raw materials
Authors: Yu Mezenova N , Naumov V A , Agafonova S V , Ya Mezenova O , Baidalinova L S , Volkov V V , Andreev M P
Published: March 2021

Abstarct. The study is of current relevance due to an underestimated potential of secondary meat and bone raw materials, which contain valuable bioactive substances that can be used in food, feed, cosmetic and other products. Hydrolyzing of extracting protein, fat and mineral substances from such raw materials is a promising method. The study aimed to investigate and simulate fermentolysis of highly mineralized collagen-containing raw meat with proteolytic enzymes. The experiments were carried out on beef tubular and rib bones using Alcalase 2.5 L, Protamex and Protosubtilin G3x enzymes. The efficiency of protein hydrolysis was assessed with regard to the parameters of formol titratable nitrogen, dry matter, titratable acidity, which were determined in aqueous solution of the fermentolysat. The quality indicators of the hydrolysis products were assessed by standard physicochemical methods. The data obtained were processed by methods of mathematical statistics. A mathematical model of fermentolysis of meat and bone raw materials was developed based on the analysis of graphical dependences of formol-titrated nitrogen parameters and dry matter on the enzyme preparation dosage and process duration. The models can be used to assess the decomposition level of proteins and their water extraction for various types and dosages of enzyme preparations, and to determine rational duration of fermentolysis. The model can be used as a basis to reveal the effect of the main factors on the degree of hydrolysis of proteins in meat and bone raw materials and to control the process of fermentolysis.
Environmentally friendly technology for storing organically grown apples
Authors: Nazarko M D , Kasyanov G I , Zaporozhsky A A , Kirichenko A V
Published: March 2021

The proposed technology is aimed at optimizing agro-ecological and biotechnological methods to guarantee safety of the harvest and quality of apple products with no toxicological effects on the environment and humans. The proposed technology for storing ecologically clean apples is improved by using a complex that implies spraying with phytopreparation and exposure to low-frequency electromagnetic field. Comparative assessment is performed for morphological, organoleptic, chemical and technological characteristics of apples, the prevalence of scab and the yield of the garden with chemical and integrated preliminary protection techniques. The effect of electromagnetic field of low frequency in the range from 18 to 100 Hz on the activity of the fruit surface microflora is evaluated. A computer program is developed and registered to be used directly for analytics and forecasting the quality of long-term storage of products.
The influence of the organo-mineral complex on the growth dynamics of the Scenedesmus quadricauda culture
Authors: Nikiforov-Nikishin D L , Kochetkov N I , Bugaev O D , Ponomarev A K
Published: March 2021

The paper presents data on the biotechnology of growing accumulative cultures of algae Scenedesmus quadricauda when adding organo-mineral complex drag to the culture growth medium. It is shown that the trace elements that make up the drug (trade name “Helavit”), at the studied concentrations, act in various ways stimulating and inhibiting the growth of algological culture. Having a different effect in the concentration range from 0.1 to 1 mg / L. The maximum positive effect is achieved with a drug concentration of 0.3 mg / l (8986 ± 120 103*cells/ ml), which can be recommended for mass cultivation of algae. A possible cause of inhibition of culture growth, at a concentration of 0.1 mg / l (6960 ± 115 103*cells/ ml), are the inhibitory effects of copper and iodine ions.
Results of primary screening of proteolytically active microorganisms that are promising for the transformation of organic pollution
Authors: Sidorova N A , Chechkova N A
Published: March 2021

In order to optimize the methods of remediation of contaminated areas, strains of microorganisms were selected that are promising for the transformation of excess amounts and the accumulation of organic matter in surface water bodies. Research has been carried out on the isolation and selection of proteolytically active strains of microorganisms from the microflora of water. Among the isolated isolates, representatives of 3 genera dominated: Pseudomonas sp., Micrococcus sp., Bacillus sp., Which differed in the rate of biomass accumulation / optical density (OD), the number of viable cells (CFU/ml) and the concentration of residual protein (mg/ml). The highest proteolytic activity was found in representatives of the genus Bacillus sp. For bacilli, within 5 days of the experiment, a 7-fold increase in biomass was observed, and the number of viable cells increased 8-fold. Due to the proteolytic activity of Bacillus sp. the concentration of the protein in the test solution decreased from 0.2412 to 0.1123 mg/ml. The research carried out opens up prospects for the creation of biopreparations of targeted action based on mono- and polycultures of proteolytics for the purposes of ecobiotechnology.
Determination of the level of comorbidity and assessment of the effect of orthopedic pathologies on basic production indicators of cattle
Authors: Gagarin E M , Glazunova L A , Tsyganok V O
Published: March 2021

The aim of the study was to identify the spread of hoof diseases among cattle in industrial complexes, to determine the level of comorbidity and to establish the degree of the effect of limb diseases on production and economic indicators of cattle. The studies were conducted in the period from 2018 to 2020 in two industrial complexes in the south of Tyumen region, and on the largest dairy cattle farm in Central Russia. A total of 11 602 heads of the dairy cattle were taken for clinical examination.

Orthopedic pathologies of cattle on the surveyed farms were on average widespread in 8.5% of the livestock, and hoof disease related culling of animals was 6.67±2.35%. The most common diseases are laminitis (27.0±4.38%), purulent pododermatitis (10.33±2.18%), Mortellaro disease (14.17±5.15%), interdigital dermatitis (8.37±1.15 %), and Rustergoltz ulcer (10.77±1.80%). According to the 5-point lameness scoring system proposed by D.D. Sprecher, severe cases of lameness were recorded in 10.28±0.98% of affected animals. Moderate lameness (3 points) was observed in 19.20±1.53% of animals, and weak lameness was diagnosed in 15.18±0.57% of sick animals. According to the Karl Burgi and Nigel B. Cook scale, 44.19±1.07% of cattle had a mild lesion, moderate severity was recorded in 21.88±2.78% of animals, and a severe lesion was found in 33.93±2.09% of animals. Culling of animals with musculoskeletal pathologies attained 8.48±3.04%.

Direct relationship was established between the severity of hoof lesions, the probability of comorbidity and associated pathology. It was revealed that the main indicators of production and fertility decrease due to hoof diseases, which is associated with a high level of comorbidity and accompanying gynecological diseases in addition to the main disease, delayed estrus, general decrease in the immune resistance and lack of the optimal correspondence between biological and necessary technological rhythms. The limb disease has a particular effect on fertility and reduces its level to 16% of the average fertility rate in the herd, affects manifestation of estrus (up to 48% of affected animals do not show signs of estrus), average milk production (decrease to 22 kg/day during the first lactation and to 28 kg/day during the second lactation in dairy herd with an average daily production of 32 kg/day, 38 kg/day, respectively), and the number of somatic cells in milk (increase up to 150–430 thousand units/ml).
Biotechnological potential of Lactobacillus brevis 2k.Gv for aquaculture purposes
Authors: Matrosova S V , Kuchko T Y , Sidorova N A
Published: March 2021

The article presents the results of a study of the biological properties of the Lactobacillus brevis 2k.Gv strain (morphological, cultural, biochemical, physiological and probiotic) in order to assess the biotechnological potential and create alternative forms of probiotics for highly productive fish farming. Under the conditions of an aquarium experiment, a positive effect of the strain on the physiological parameters of the rainbow trout Parasalmo mykiss Walbaum was found. L. brevis 2k. Gv was orally administered to fish for 30 days at a concentration of 2×108 cells/mg feed as a supplement to the main diet. It was found that the studied strain has a multifactorial effect on the fish organism. Throughout the entire period of feeding juvenile trout with extruded feed enriched with lactobacilli, no signs of infectious and somatic diseases were recorded in the experimental group of trout; hepatosomatic and splenosomatic indices of organs, as well as hematological parameters of blood remained normal. The results obtained prove the presence of probiotic properties in the Lactobacillus brevis 2k. Gv strain and the possibility of its further use as part of feed additives for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes for aquaculture objects.
Research on the damping mechanisms of composite materials
Authors: Liu Qian , Shen Yan-Jin , Wu Fangrong , Cheng Bojing
Published: March 2021

Traditional researches concerning the damping mechanisms of materials are limited to the phases and structures of materials, ignore the damping-related characteristics of the vibration source and of the materials themselves, and thus have great one-sidedness. This paper combines vibration science and material science on the basis of the models of mechanical vibration. Based on summarizing existing damping mechanisms, it proposes three mechanisms of damping: wave-type, particle-type and molecular force-type. By considering the macroscopic morphology of materials and the structures of molecules composing materials, it provides a guideline for preparing damping materials and studying their performance. Drawing on various research results, it also presents some inference based on available theories, creates a new perspective for researching damping mechanisms, and thus it is of high reference value for future research.
Performance Assessment of an Open Thermochemical Heat Storage (TCHS) System Using Composite Salt Hydrates
Authors: Liu H Z , Wang W T , Liu S Q , Ye Z D , Huang B J , Yu G Q , Nagano K
Published: March 2021

Heat storage performance of an open thermochemical heat storage (TCHS) system using composite salt hydrates of Wakkanai siliceous shale (WSS) - 9.6 wt.% LiCl was investigated numerically. A two-dimensional model considering the combined heat and mass transfer was developed. The calculation results were validated by the experimental results obtained in our previous study. The inlet air temperature, inlet air relative humidity, humid air flow rate, the ratio of the thickness of air channel and the thickness of composite solid wall, and length of the TCHS unit were evaluated to evaluate the heat storage performance. When the ratio of the thickness of air channel and the thickness of composite solid wall is 5 and the length of the heat storage unit is 0.1 m, the volumetric heat storage density of the open TCHS system can reach 510 MJ/m3.