bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF ROD-AIRFOIL CONFIGURATION AEROACOUSTIC CHARACTERISTICS USING FFOWCS-WILLIAMS-HAWKINGS EQUATIONS
Authors: AYLİ Ece , KOÇAK Eyüp , TÜRKOĞLU Haşmet
Published: January 2021

The rod-airfoil configuration is a fundamental study to understand sound generation processes and the acoustic phenomena in the application of turbines, fans, and airfoils. In the present research, the noise that is originated by the rod-airfoil configuration is examined using numerical methods which are Large Eddy Simulation (LES), and Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) models, coupled with an FFOWCS-WILLIAMS-HAWKINGS (FW-H) technique. For the RANS method, k-ω SST and Spalart Allmaras (S-A) turbulence models are utilized in order to investigate the capability of different models for the analysis of the aeroacoustic flow field. The ANSYS FLUENT solver is chosen to carry out the numerical simulations. The examined rod and chord diameter Reynolds numbers are 48000 and 480000, respectively and the Mach number is 0.2. Results are obtained for both in the near field and acoustic far-field. The obtained numerical results are verified with an experimental study from the literature, and the results of both approaches are compared with each other and the experiment. Comparisons are performed for mean velocity profiles in the rod and airfoil wakes, pressure spectra and power spectral density. The results obtained show that LES is preferable for this problem as it is capable of capturing the flow separation, reattachments, vortex street, and various length scales of turbulence. Although both RANS and LES methods provide a consistent flow field with experimental methods, the RANS approach overestimates the vortex shedding frequency and Strouhal number. The RANS model predicts the flow field well; however, it overestimates the noise spectra. The LES model predicts satisfactory acoustic spectra.
Predicting of patient’s enrollment to multicentral international clinical trials of II–III phase
Authors: Milovanov Svyatoslav S.
Published: January 2021

Many international multicenter trials ending by fail due to fail to recruitment of patients. Objective was to find the integrated and simple value for the assessing the possibility of recruitment in particular sites on the feasibility stage. Design consisted of retrospective review of the selected parameters since feasibility stage to final report of studies conducting in a few sites since 2008 to 2017 year. It was also selected empirical range of the sites. Collection of data was done from the private experience of authors. The integrated and simple values for the assessment of the possibility of recruitment in particular sites on the feasibility stage were calculated. Recruitment of patient as an integrated part of site’s work could be calculated as the beginning of running study on particular site which can lead to increasing of study success and could be used as an embedded value in artificial intelligence for both virtual and real studies. We titled this “calculated type of site on enrollment (CTSE)”.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on design and conduct of clinical trials: developing best practices based on lessons learned for risk and change management
Authors: Malikova Marina A.
Published: January 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) pandemic is disrupting clinical research in most of the world. We have seen an immediate impact on clinical trials due to challenges coming from the COVID-19 travel bans, hospitals/clinics’ visitation restrictions, social distancing precautions and shifting operations to work remotely on a short notice. These factors have translated into the issues challenging clinical trials such as operations, milestones, budgets, data integrity, etc. Given the complex risk/benefit considerations associated with each specific clinical trial, there is no single solution to manage the risks in clinical trials conduct due to COVID-19. Each trial is unique with respect to patient population, study drug mechanism of action, concomitant medications, and geographic location needs. It is important to continue to engage the networks and communities to push forward with creative risk mitigation and develop solutions during this challenging time. Risk assessment should be a continuous and living process as the situation evolves over the coming weeks to months. Routine and ongoing cross checks with study teams are already proving to maintain alignment on key timelines, critical risk points and other study specific challenges as we are moving towards de-centralized settings in the conduct of clinical trials. We have analyzed lessons learned and attempted to develop best practices to mitigate risks and adjust clinical research operations during this unprecedented time.
A study on joint involvements of the children suffering from arthrogryposis multiplex congenita attended at a tertiary care centre of eastern India
Authors: Roy Shabarna , Ghosh Gopal , Chakravaerty Pradyumna , Das Niloy Kanti
Published: January 2021

Background: Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) is a disorder which present at birth and characterized by multiple joint contractures and defective muscles, with normal sensations. This condition was first described by Otto in 1841. In 1923 Stern first used the term AMC in 1932. The objective of this review is to summarize the demography related to arthrogryposis, especially its age of presentation, gender predominance, joints involved, whether both upper limb and lower limb or only lower limb affected.Methods: Total 30 patients in the age group new born to 18 years included in the study. It is a combination of retrospective and prospective observational study. The following parameters are analysed in the study, Age at presentation, gender, type and severity of joints affected.Results: In our study, 8 (26.7%) patients were <12 months old, 13 (43.3%) patients were 12-60 months old, 8 (26.7%) patients were 61-120 months old and 1 (3.3%) patient was >120 months old. 9 (30.0%) patients were female and 21 (70.0%) patients were male. 27 patients have combined upper and lower limb involvement and 3 patients has only lower limb involvement. In our study, 2 (6.7%) patients had progressive upper limb and 28 (93.3%) patients had regressive upper limb.Conclusions: Most common joints which are affected in AMC are shoulder, elbow, wrist, MCP, IP, hip, knee, ankle and the most common position of these joints are internal rotation of shoulder, extended elbow joint, flexed wrist joint, extension of MCP joints, extension of IP joints, flexed hip joint, flexed knee joint and presence of club foot and hip dysplasia (DDH).
Cord blood nucleated RBCs as a potential tool in prediction of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in ABO incompatibility susceptible neonates
Authors: Rao Shravya S. , Mahendrappa Kotyal B.
Published: January 2021

Background: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is one of the most commonly encountered conditions in neonatal period. Early recognition and prompt intervention can prevent its dreadful complication like bilirubin encephalopathy. nucleated red blood cells (nRBC) are released into the peripheral circulation in conditions causing oxidative stress. This study aims at finding the relation between nRBC and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.  Methods: This hospital based prospective cohort study was conducted on 100 neonates. The neonates were divided into 2 groups: Group 1- cases (n=50) included neonates born to O positive mothers with A/B blood groups and Group 2-controls (n=50) with neonates born to O positive mothers with O blood group. The cord blood nRBC, TSB at 48 hours and requirement of phototherapy were the variables which were considered. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 22 version software with appropriate statistical methods applied.  Results: The mean cord nRBC was 7.26±2.65 (Group 1) and 3.04±0.92 (Group 2) respectively. ROC curve for cord nRBC revealed AUC 0.944 at 4.0 cut-off with sensitivity of 92%, specificity of 94%, LR+15.33 and LR-6.085 with p<0.0001.  Conclusions: Cord blood nucleated RBCs is a simple, easily available test to predict the neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in ABO incompatibility susceptible neonates.
Prevalence of anemia in exclusively breastfed full term babies between 3-6 months of age
Authors: Marol Rajakumar , Marol Renuka
Published: January 2021

Background: WHO recommends exclusive breast feeding for 6 months without examination for anemia. However there are concerns about the feasibility and safety of this recommendation. Cochrane review studies especially in developing countries, suggest that exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months without iron supplementation may compromise the hematologic status of children leading to IDA and its consequences. So the question arises; does absolute breast feeding protect infants from anemia during first 6 months of life? The present study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of anemia in exclusively breastfed babies between 3-6 months of age.Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted between January 2019 and December 2019 at Shivajyoti Institute of Child Health-Haveri, in exclusively breastfed infants aged between 3-6 months who attended OPD and underwent complete blood count examination. Hemoglobin levels were collected and anemia was defined and classified as per WHO criteria for 6-24 months old children.Results: Out of 81 infants 52 were males and 29 were females. Age wise, 26 babies were 3 months, 34 were 4 months and 21 were 5 months old. A total of 71 children had anemia; 49 mild, 20 moderate and 2 severe. The prevalence of anemia was 87.6% and it was highest (92.3%) at 3 months of age.Conclusions: Exclusively breastfed infants between 3-6 months are at increased risk of anemia. Therefore infants after 3 months, should be evaluated for anemia and iron deficiency which is the commonest cause of anemia. Such infants should be supplemented with oral iron in addition to exclusive breast feeding for 6 months, to prevent adverse effects of IDA on infants’ growth and development.
The usefulness of serum IGF-1 and serum IGFBP-3 for the diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency in comparison to clonidine stimulation test: a prospective cohort study
Authors: C. Hemlin Thomas , Kumar Sanjeev , A. A. Bisto
Published: January 2021

Background: Growth Hormone Deficiency is conventionally diagnosed by low peak Growth Hormone levels to provocative testing. Serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 are under the influence of GH and reflect the endogenous GH secretion. Owing to the absence of a circadian rhythm, it is possible to take individual measurements of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 at any time of the day for evaluation of GH status instead of subjecting the individual to cumbersome provocative tests. Objectives of this study were to compare IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 assays with clonidine stimulation test in children of different age group with short stature.Methods: 90 children with short stature were included in the study. Samples for basal GH, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were obtained and afterwards all children were subjected to clonidine stimulation test. The diagnostic value of the tests were analysed in terms of sensitivity, specificity, predictive value and accuracy in younger and older age groups.Results: 40% of the study population was diagnosed to have GHD. IGF-1 had high sensitivity in both age groups. But in the younger age group IGFBP-3 was more specific. Both the tests had same specificity in the older age group. Combining the two tests helped to improve diagnostic value in all the age groups.Conclusions: Measurements of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 have shown comparable diagnostic performance with growth hormone stimulation tests and are valuable for patient`s convenience and ease of performance and can be useful in the workup of growth hormone deficiency.
Gratification phenomena in children: a report of nineteen children and review of the literature
Authors: Dudipala Sai Chandar , Mandapuram Prashanthi , Chennadi Amith Kumar
Published: January 2021

Background: Gratification phenomena (GP) are self-stimulatory behavior and also called as infantile masturbation. This phenomenon is especially seen in early childhood. GP is often misdiagnosed as epilepsy, dystonia, urinary tract infection or infantile colic resulting in numerous investigations and treatment because of variable behaviors during this event.Methods: This study aimed to describe the features of GP, so that clinicians can better recognize this condition, to prevent unnecessary evaluations, and provide appropriate guidance to parents. This study is a prospective observational study, conducted in patients with GP between March 2019 and November 2020. GP was diagnosed on the basis of history, eyewitness account and video recording of the eventResults: During the study period, 19 children were diagnosed with GP. Out of 19, 17(89.4%) children were females.  The mean age at onset was 17months (range 5-36months). The mean age at diagnosis was 20 months (range 8-47months). The mean frequency of events was 4/day (range 1-12/day). A typical GP was seen in 12 of 19 (63.15%) children. At the time of referral, 31% of children were diagnosed with epilepsy and 26% of children were diagnosed with infantile colic. During follow up period, GP was subsided within 4-12 months after the initial visit.Conclusions: A GP, otherwise called infantile masturbation, is an important consideration in the differential diagnosis of epilepsy and other paroxysmal events in early childhood. A detailed history and video recording of events often prevents unnecessary investigations and treatments.
Serum iron and serum retinol level of severe acute malnourished children on therapeutic intervention with WHO/UNICEF recommended therapeutic food and home based therapeutic food
Authors: Bhandari Bharti , Mehta Anita
Published: January 2021

Background: The prevalence of anaemia and vitamin A deficiency among children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and their correction during nutritional rehabilitation are not well documented. This study assessed serum iron and serum retinol levels, effect of ready-to-use therapeutic foods (RUTF) and home based treatment on levels of serum iron and serum retinol level in SAM children.Methods: This was a simple randomised controlled trial in 6-59 months old children with SAM. Two groups of 70 each were divided, one was given RUTF and other home based food comparable to RUTF. Serum retinol and serum iron were measured on day 1 and 6 weeks of therapy.Results: Home based food was found better in terms of increase in serum iron than RUTF while there was no difference in rise of serum retinol in both the groups. There was no significant difference between day 1 value of serum iron in both the groups as p value was 0.82 but the level of serum iron at 6 weeks has shown significant difference in both the groups as p value was 0.0014 so there was significant increase in serum iron in group B in comparison to group A; the serum retinol value in both the groups has not shown any significant improvement.Conclusions: It was concluded home based food is better in correcting iron deficiency in SAM children as it is cheap, easily available, palatable, and acceptable than RUTF.
Neuroimaging in neonatal encephalopathy
Authors: Veluchamy Manikandasamy
Published: January 2021

Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) is a significant problem and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. NE can result from diverse etiologies. Identifying the etiology of NE can guide us in giving appropriate treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most common modality of neuroimaging used in evaluation of NE. Conventional MRI sequences along with advanced MRI techniques such as magnetic resonance spectroscopy and diffusion weighted imaging are useful in identifying the etiology of NE. This review elaborates the role of MRI in various etiologies of NE.
Servando Teresa de Mier y la escritura de la historia de la revolución. Usos políticos del criollismo
Authors: Rosetti Mariana Inés
Published: January 2021

En este trabajo indagamos las claves de la escritura que Servando Teresa de Mier propuso y desplegó en su obra Historia de la revolución de la Nueva España (1813) tendentes a construir una trama narrativa americana que editó documentos y perspectivas peninsulares sobre la capacidad de representación política americana. Más que defender una revolución institucional ante otra insurgente y popular, el mérito de Mier residió en proponer, inventar, un archivo americano o memoria colectiva americana que vinculó los tiempos de la conquista española con los tiempos políticos y vertiginosos inaugurados a partir de 1808 y ampliar ese discurso a fin de abarcar a todos los sectores “desprotegidos” de América.
Environmental Health Compromised by a New Epidemic. The case of Uruguay, COVID-19
Authors: Gómez- Camponovo Mariana , Achkar Marcel
Published: January 2021

Uruguay is in South America. It has 3,286,314 inhabitants, 1.6% of which lacks comprehensive health insurance. Detected cases of COVID-19 represent 0.022% of the population, 2.6% of which has resulted in death. Mortality from this illness is 0.6% per 100,000 inhabitants, and health workers represent 14% of detected cases. The country is slowly coming out of intensified social distancing. This article reports on accumulated, recovered, and active cases.  The authors also frame the causes of this zoonosis in terms of an environmental health problem, and thus a global health problem, requiring a “one health” approach. Human activity has changed natural habitats as a result of extraction activities, increased urbanization, growing populations, different cultural practices, and socio-economic conditions. This contributes to the emergence of zoonoses, particularly RNA viruses.  If the cause of this phenomenon is not addressed, we will continue to face increasingly greater challenges.
Guide for authors: jCEC Template
Authors: Franco Ivan Carlos , Siqueira Antonio Marcos de Oliveira
Published: January 2021

Authors must use the Microsoft Word template to prepare their manuscript. Using the template file will substantially shorten the time to complete copy-editing and publication of accepted manuscripts. If this is a problem, please contact the Editorial Office jcec.journal@ufv.br.
Sposoby występowania fałszywych informacji na rynku finansowym oraz formy ochrony przed nimi
Authors: Olejko Aleksander
Published: January 2021

Niniejsza praca powstała poprzez zbadanie zagadnień zawartych w literaturze na temat fałszywych informacji. Ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem autor podszedł do kwestii fałszywych informacji na rynku finansowym. Jego celem jest przedstawienie czym one są, omówić jak występują na rynku finansowym oraz przedstawić działania jakie mogą pomóc w chronieniu się przed nimi.
Stability and Adaptation of New Tobacco Varieties to Three Growing Areas under Rain Fed Conditions in Zimbabwe
Authors: Shava Justify Gotami
Published: January 2021

Background: Variety development is a continuous process that caters for the ever changing farmer crop growing conditions. Changing climatic conditions, soil fertility conditions, crop disease and pest regimes as well as farmer agronomic practices require that new varieties adapted to new practices be availed to growers so that they continue to get high yields. Initial variety development processes are carried out by the breeder, usually on station and usually involves aggregation of traits of interest into a genotype with little or no information about the response of the genotype to different farmer cropping situations. However, before the varieties can be recommended to growers, they need to be evaluated in multi-environment trials (MET) in order to identify varieties with broad adaptation for general recommendation and those with specific adaptation for targeted environment production. Methods: In order to evaluate the adaptation and stability of newly developed tobacco varieties to three growing locations in Zimbabwe, seven varieties were evaluated in a randomised complete block design with three replicates at Kutsaga Research Station near Harare, Trelawney and Tengwe over three seasons ranging from 2013 to 2015. Result: The study results showed significant differences among the varieties and locations tested for saleable yield (P less than 0.05). Of all the varieties tested, T76 was the most stable showing consistently high performance across the seasons and locations tested followed by T75. However, ETH03 was the least stable variety of them all. Unlike what is currently believed in the tobacco industry in Zimbabwe, the variety K RK26 is no longer the most broadly adapted. Based on the study results, the varieties, T76, T75 and ETH06 are stable and, therefore, recommended for growing across the whole of the tobacco farming belt in Zimbabwe.
Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Blood Indices of West African Dwarf Goats Fed Graded Levels of Broiler Litter
Authors: Muhammad S.A. , Gandi B.R. , Ibrahim Y.
Published: January 2021

Background: A study was conducted to investigate effects of broiler litter (BL) on growth performance, nutrient utilization, blood haematology and serum biochemistry of West Africa Dwarf (WAD) goats. Methods: Five complete diets were formulated using BL to replace 40% composition of cottonseed cake at 0 (control), 25, 50, 75 and 100%. Thirty WAD bucks weighing 10.57±0.42 kg were randomly allotted to the five treatments in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Result: The results revealed that daily feed intake (g) and final weight gain (kg) were statistically similar (p greater than 0.05), but daily feed intake cost (N) and feed cost per kg gain (N/kg) decreased (p less than 0.05) across the treatments. Dry matter and organic matter digestibility increased (p less than 0.05), while neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre digestibility decreased (p less than 0.05) across the diets. There was no statistical difference (p greater than 0.05) in N intake, faecal N, urine N and N retained (as % N intake). The serum biochemistry and haematological parameters were statistically similar (p greater than 0.05). Therefore, replacing 100% of CSC with BL maintained body growth; reduced cost of feed; improved nutrient digestibility and maintained normal blood haematology and serum biochemistry.
Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Shigatoxigenic O157 and Non-O157 Escherichia coli in Raw Milk Marketed in Chittagong, Bangladesh
Authors: Alam Md. Kauser-Ul , Sarwar Nazmul , Akther Shireen , Ahmad Monsur , Biswas Paritosh Kumar
Published: January 2021

Background: Quality and microbial safety of milk is demanding day by day as it is considered as a host for pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms. In this study, isolation and molecular characterization of shigatoxigenic O157 and non-O157 Escherichia coli in raw milk marketed in Chittagong, Bangladesh were done on 186 raw milk samples in Bangladesh. Methods: MacConkey agar was initially used to screen for the presence of E. coli and the suspected growth as evidenced by large pink colonies on MacConkey agar. Finally the organism was verified by plating through Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar (a selective medium for E. coli where it produces metallic sheen) and applying standard biochemical tests for E. coli. The presence of virulent genes, Shiga-like toxin (stx1 and stx2), Intimin (eaeA), O157 antigen rfbE and Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) Hemolysin (EHEC) hlyA in the contaminating E. coli population was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) run on a thermocycler (Applied Biosystem, 2720 thermal cycler, Singapore). Result: Among the raw milk samples, 33 samples were identified as E.coli positive and among the isolates, 6 (18.18%) were identified as possible EHEC O157 and rest of the isolates (81.82%) were considered as probable non EHEC O157. About, 3.23% (186 samples) EHEC O157 was isolated from raw milk samples. Then all the 33 isolates were taken under PCR assay for the identification of five virulent genes Stx1, Stx2, eaeA, rfbE and hlyA. No virulent genes were found in non- EHEC O157 isolates, but 4 stx2 (66.67%) and 1 hlyA (16.67%) gene were observed in another 4 EHEC O157 isolates out of 6, but one isolates contained the both genes and hence the prevalence of STEC was 2.15% in raw milk. Result indicated poor hygienic standard of raw milk from uncontrolled environments and the increased public health risk of those consuming raw milk from such uncontrolled sources.
Phytochemical Characteristics Evaluation of Pleurotus species Cultivated on Agricultural Wastes in Chiro, Ethiopia
Authors: Gashaw Getachew , Getu Abebe
Published: January 2021

Background: Mushrooms are a nutritious food source, being rich in protein, vitamins and minerals. They are also contains substances that enhance the immune system, fight infectious disease. Mushrooms can be cultivated on a variety of substrates, including agricultural and agro-industrial waste materials. The current study was amid to evaluate the phytochemical characteristics of Pleurotus species cultivated on different agricultural wastes. Methods: Mushrooms Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus florida were cultivated on different agricultural wastes for the screening of phytochemical characteristics. Qualitative analyses of the phytochemicals were evaluated in methanolic, ethanolic and aqueous extracts of both Pleurotus spp. Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of the extracts were determined by using Folin-Ciocalteu method and Spectrophotometric method with aluminum chloride. Result: Qualitative analyses revealed the phytochemicals alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids and tannins were present in methanolic, ethanolic and aqueous extracts of both Pleurotus spp. while anthraquinones and Phlobatannins were absent in aqueous extracts. The highest concentration of phenols and flavonoids were recorded in methanolic extracts of P. ostreatus and P. florida (48.17 mg GAE/g of extract and 56.57 mg of RUE/g of extract and 46.73 mg GAE/g of extract and 55.58 mg of RUE/g of extract respectively). The results supported the methanolic extracts of P. ostreatus and P. florida might indeed be potential sources of phytochemicals.
Influence of Protective Sprinkler Irrigation on Yield and Water Productivity of Kharif Grown Rain Fed Crops
Authors: Ramulu V. , Reddy M. Devender
Published: January 2021

Background: The food grain and non-food grain crops occupy 48 and 68% area respectively under rain fed condition. Due to uneven rainfall, the rainfed crop suffers for want of adequate soil moisture at critical growth stages. Under such situation, protective irrigation ensures adequate soil moisture which results higher production. Crops like tomato, maize, groundnut and red gram are predominantly grown during kharif as rain fed crops. Relieving the soil moisture stress during the critical crop growth stages with more efficient irrigation system assumes importance in rain fed farming. Methods: An experiment was conducted for three years during kharif 2008, 2009 and 2010 at the College Farm, Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agril. University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad on a sandy loam soil to study the yield advantage of protective sprinkler irrigation to kharif grown rain fed tomato, maize, groundnut and red gram crops. The trial was conducted in strip plot design with protective sprinkler irrigations as main plots and rainfed kharif crops as sub-plots and replicated thrice. The three main treatments comprised of - one protective sprinkler irrigation at flower/peg/tassel initiation, two protective sprinkler irrigations at flower and fruiting, tassel and grain filling, peg formation and pod filling and flowering and pod filling stages and rain fed (control). The sub treatments consisted of four crops- tomato, maize, groundnut and red gram. Result: There was an increase in yield with one and two protective sprinkler irrigations by 16.7 and 27.9; 17.7 and 44 5; 26.4 and 34.5 and 21.1 and 28.9% over their corresponding rain fed crops of tomato, groundnut, maize and red gram, respectively. There was an increase of 20.4 and 31.6% in Maize Equivalent Yield (MEY) with one and two protective irrigations as compared to rain fed crop. The water productivity was lower in all the crops grown under rain fed conditions (0.77 kg MEY m-3) as compared to that of one and two protective irrigations.
GAMES AND PLAYING IN ANGELA CARTER’S NOVEL "WISE CHILDREN"
Authors: Rakonjac Smiljana D.
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the elements of Johan Huizinga’s game theory in Angela Carter’s novel Wise Children. The novel, which depicts the life of twin sisters Dora and Nora Chance, former dancers and actresses, exemplifies Huizinga’s idea that culture does not originate from games, but that it rather develops in and through them. The main elements of playing which were analysed are the music and dancing and the novel’s protagonists’ attitude towards them as well as the costumes and life energies that novel’s main protagonists have, despite their age. These elements were analyzed so as to show that both Huizinga and Carter saw games as a way to both legitimize the illegitimate through theater, music and dancing, but also to redefine social subversiveness and the concept of the carnivalesque.
KONTRASTIVE ANALYSE DEUTSCHER PHRASEOLOGISMEN IM SEMANTISCHEN FELD „REDEN“ UND „SCHWEIGEN“ UND IHRER ÄQUIVALENTE IM SERBISCHEN
Authors: Nikolić Aleksandar S.
Published: January 2021

Der folgende Beitrag behandelt deutsche Phraseologismen aus dem semantischen Feld „reden“ und „schweigen“ und ihre entsprechenden Äquivalente im Serbischen. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, mithilfe der Methode der interlingualen kontrastiven Analyse auf alle morphologischen, morphosyntaktischen und lexikalischen Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede zwischen Phraseologismen beider Sprachen aufmerksam zu machen, welche auf das genannte semantische Feld zurückzuführen sind, wobei Deutsch als Ausgangssprache bzw. L1 und Serbisch als Zielsprache bzw. L2 zu betrachten ist. Dabei kommen nicht nur Beispiele mit den Komponenten „reden“ und „schweigen“ infrage, sondern alle Phraseologismen, aus deren Bedeutung heraus „reden“ und „schweigen“ erschlossen werden können. Das Korpus bilden insgesamt 49 Beispiele, welche verschiedenen einsprachigen und zweisprachigen phraseologischen Wörterbüchern in deutscher, serbischer, serbokroatischer und kroatischer Sprache entnommen wurden. Die Ergebnisse dieser Analyse sollten im Germanistikstudium, DaF-Unterricht und in der Tätigkeit von Übersetzern ihre Verwendung finden.
BACTERIAS versus VIRUS
Authors: Cid Martínez Marcela Alejandra
Published: January 2021

¿Por qué se confunde a las bacterias con los virus? Las bacterias y los virus tienen características particulares por los que se les considera diferentes morfológica, estructural y metabólicamente: uno es considerado un ser vivo que dio origen a la diversidad biológica existente y el otro no lo es. La utilidad de la que ha hecho de ellos la humanidad es variada, pero siempre enfocada en su bienestar. Estudiarlos es una necesidad para poder entender cuán patógenos son y de esta manera, enfrentar a las enfermedades que, aun cuando se sabe de su existencia son difíciles de controlar; más importante incluso cuando un nuevo patógeno surge en alguna comunidad colocándola en apuros a las autoridades sanitarias a nivel global.
Infection naturelle par Anaplasma marginale chez deux troupeaux de bovins avec différents niveaux d'infestation par la tique Boophilus microplus
Authors: DeRios L.G. , Aguirre D.H. , Gaido A.B.
Published: January 2021

Un suivi longitudinal a été réalisé pour connaitre la dynamique de l'infection naturelle par Anaplasma marginale dans 2 élevages laitiers voisins en argentine infestatés par Boophilus microplus. Trente cinq veaux (exploitati on A=19; B=16) ont été suivis pendant leur première année. Le taux d'infection par A. marginale est établi par observation des frottis et par détermination des anticorps spécifiques. On a établi le degré d'infestation par B. microplus. La tique a été présente durant toute l'année dans l'exploitation A (avec un pic d'infestation en octobre et janvier) dont 100 et 95 p. 100 des veaux ont été infestés. Dans l'exploita tion B, B. microplus n'a été observée qu'en décembre et janvier, et la proportion des veaux infestés n'a pas dépassé 50 p. 100. Les infections naturelles par A. marginale ont été dépistées à partir de juin dans les deux exploitations et elles ont augmenté graduellement, avec 89 p. 100 (A) et 81 p. 100 (B) des veaux infestés. Le taux des réagissants sérologiques a augmenté dans les deux exploitations, soit 85 p. 100 (A) et 81 p. 100 (B) des veaux réagissants à la fin de la recherche. Les auteurs soulignent que dans l'exploitation B la plupart des primo infections par A. marginale (69 p. 100) se sont produites lorsque B. microplus était absente.B. microplus n'a pas eu le rôle important supposé dans la transmission de A. marginale.
Antibiosensibilité in vitro de diverses souches de Mycoplasma capricolum
Authors: Benkirane A. , Amghar S.
Published: January 2021

L'étude de l'antibiosensibilité in vitro de 20 souches sauvages de M. capricolum et de la souche de référence (California kid) vis à vis de 14 antibiotiques a été réalisée à l'aide d'une microméthode basée sur la détermination de la concentration minimale inhibitrice (CMI) en milieu liquide, révélée par l'inhibition du métabolisme du glucose. Les résultats sont les suivants : toutes les souches sont sensibles à 5 antibiotiques (tylosine, oxytétracycline, gentamycine, néomycine et acide nalidixique) avec des CMI variant de 0,06 à 8 meq/ml; les valeurs des CMI variant de 8 à 32 meq/ml pour la spiramycine et l'érythromicine permettent de considérer qu'il existe des souches sensibles et d'autres résistantes vis à vis de ces deux antibiotiques toutes les souches se révèlent résistante s à 7 antibiotiques (streptomycine, bacitracine, polymyxine, chloramphénicol, lincomycine, rifampicine et novobiocine) à des concentrations parfois supérieures à 128 meq/ml.
Présence de Theileria annulata en Mauritanie
Authors: Jacquiet Philippe , Dia Mamadou Lamine , Perié N.M. , Jongejan Frans , Uilenberg Gerrit , Morel Pierre-Claude
Published: January 2021

Les auteurs signalent un cas mortel de theilériose bovine à Theileria annulata en Mauritanie chez une vache frisonne née à Nouakchott dans un élevage laitier. Les animaux composant cet élevage ont été importés de France. Le diagnostic spécifique est basé sur la morphologie des piroplasm e s et des titres élevés d'anticorps spécifiques chez quelques animaux. La seule espèce de tique trouvée dans ce troupeau est Hyalomma dromedarii. Sur 49 zébus locaux du sud du pays, pris au hasard, 4 ont des titres élevés d'anticorps spécifiques contre T. annulata et 14 ont des titres plus faibles ou douteux. Il semble donc bien que l'infection soit autochtone.
Contribution à l'étude de la puberté chez les bovins de race Baoulé
Authors: Chicoteau P. , Thiombiano D. , Boly Hamidou , Cloé C.
Published: January 2021

La puberté se définit comme la mise en place de la fonction de reproduction. Elle apparaît à 14 mois chez la femelle Baoulé et à 18 mois chez le mâle. Les poids sont respectivement de 120 et 155 kg, soit deux tiers du poids adulte (57 p. 100 chez les femelles et 61 p. 100 chez les mâles). Le poid à la puberté est corrélé à la croissance (GMQ à 0-12 mois). Le sperme collecté à la puberté est de qualité médiocre et inapte à la congélation. La race baoulé semble plus précoce que la plupart des bovins tropicaux.
Début d’érosion et d’ulcération du gésier chez des poulets en Zambie
Authors: Sharma R.N. , Pandey G.S.
Published: January 2021

L'apparition de lésions ulcératives et d'érosions sur le gésier de poulets de chair en Zambie est décrite. Environ 100000 animaux, âgés de 2 à 9 semaines, ont été atteints et la mortalité a varié de 5 à 30 p. 100. Dans la majorité des cas, le jabot, l'oesophage et le gésier étaient envahis par une substance aqueuse dont la couleur allait du brun foncé au noir. Les lésions, principalement situées dans le gésier, étaient constituées d'érosions et d'ulcères. Un taux élevé de farine de poisson dans la ration alimentaire pourrait être l'agent causal de ces symptômes
Sensibilité des moutons soudaniens au virus de la fièvre catarrhale isolé sur des bovins apparemment sains au Soudan
Authors: Fayza A.O. , Abu Elzein E.M.E. , Tageldin Mohammed H. , Hajer I.E.
Published: January 2021

L'étude tente de clarifier le rôle des bovins apparemment sains comme réservoir du virus de la fièvre catarrhale à l'égard des moutons au Soudan. Elle confirme les travaux antérieurs et établit que les bovins peuvent héberger le virus auquel sont sensibles les ovins de ce pays. Les conditions de transmission expérimentale du virus entre les deux espèces suggèrent que le meilleur indicateur pour déterminer la virémie sur des bovins apparemme nt sains consiste à inoculer des moutons sensibles avec le virus bovin suspecté. Les conditions de la virémie et la survie du virus dans la nature font l'objet d'une discussion.
Influence des drêches de brasserie séchées dans l'alimentation des poulets de chair au Bénin
Authors: Sintondji B.
Published: January 2021

Deux lots de 500 poulets de chair ont été soumis à deux types d'alimentation de finition, l'un sans drêche, l'autre avec 30 p. 100 de drêche séchée, pendant 70 jours. Du point de vue pondéral, il n'y a pas de différence significative entre les deux lots, mais l'intérêt de l'expérience réside dans le remplacement du maïs, destiné en principe à la consommation humaine, par un sous-produit aisément transportable et bon maché, la drêche de brasserie séchée. En outre, à la dégustation, les poulets du lot d'épreuve ont été plus appréciés que ceux du lot témoin.
Profil des propriétaires d’animaux dans le district de Nsukka, État d’Anambra, Nigeria
Authors: Wosu L.O. , Ibekwe H.N.
Published: January 2021

Une recherche sur le profil des propriétaires d'animaux dans le district de Nsukka (Etat d'Anambra), au Nigeria, a montré que 63 p. 100 des familles choisies pour l'enquête possédaient des animaux. Parmi elles, la proportion de propriétaires illettrés, peu instruits ou instruits atteignait respectivement 85,55, 51,36 et 49,14 p. 100. Chez 1240 familles choisies au hasard, les animaux les plus populaires, par ordre de préférence, étaient les chèvres, les poulets et les chiens. Ces derniers étaient les plus appréciés dans les familles instruites et les chèvres dans celles peu instruites ou illettrées. La valeur économique, l'utilité des animaux et le statut social des familles influençaient le choix des animaux. En général, on notait une tendance à avoir des animaux pour leur valeur économique et utilitaire plutôt que comme animal de compagnie. Ces résultats peuvent se révéler utiles d'un point de vue sociologique, économique et dans un but de planification, et servir aux vétérinaires praticiens et chercheurs.
Comportement au vêlage et caractéristiques du placenta de vaches Zébu (Bos indicus)
Authors: Mukasa Mugerwa E. , Mattoni M.
Published: January 2021

Les signes d'une mise bas imminente, le comportement lors du part et les caractéristiques du placenta ont été étudiés sur des vaches Zébu éthiopiennes des Hautes Terres. L'inflammation de la vulve, le relâchement du ligament pelvien et le gonflement de la mamelle sont les manifestations qui l'accompagnent. Elles ont été observées respectivement 6,2 ± 4,0, 2,5 ± 1,9 et 1,6 ± 0,9 jours avant la mise bas. L'écoulement du mucus vaginal a été constaté 9,2 ± 4,8 jours avant le vêlage pour 52,6 p. 100 des vaches. Le taux de dépistage des signes d'une délivrance prochaine a donc atteint 77,6 p. 100. L'intervalle moyen entre l'agitation et le commencement du travail jusqu'au vêlage a été de 3,72 ± 2,01 et de 2,41 ± 1,37 heures respectivement. Les durées entre l'agitation et l'apparition de I'allantochorion (phase I), entre l'apparition des membranes foetales et le vêlage (phase II) et entre le vêlage et l'expulsion du placenta (phase III) ont été respective-ment de 2,58 ± 1,93, 1,32 ± 0,9 et 2,50 ± 1,14 heures. La durée moyenne entre l'apparition de l'allantochorion et la délivrance était plus longue pour les mâles avec 1,55 ± 1,05 contre 0,83 ± 0,42 pour les femelles (également en heures). Le poids moyen des veaux à la naissance était de 20,8 ± 2,6 kg. Ce poids a augmenté avec la durée de la gestation (r = 0,52, P < 0,5)) ainsi qu'avec le poids du placenta (r = 0,15). Pour conclure, et sous réserve de connaître la date de la saillie, la date de la délivrance peut être prédite et l'assistance obstétricale donnée en temps opportun pour éviter les dystocies sur les vaches Zébu éthiopiennes.
Une étude du crédit aux éleveurs de bovins au Cameroun
Authors: Lhoste Philippe
Published: January 2021

Un programme de crédit aux éleveurs bovins traditionnels du Cameroun a été mis en place de 1975 à 1986 pour favoriser la modernisation de ce secteur. Une évaluation effectuée en 1986 a mis en évidence les difficultés rencontrées par ce projet qui n'a pas vraiment atteint les objectifs escomptés . Il apparaît essentiel de préciser le statut juridique des terres de pâturage et de responsabiliser les communautés d'éleveurs dans ce type de programme.
Enquête sérologique sur les maladies de Newcastle et de Gumboro, la pasteurellose et la pullorose chez des poules de race locale au Niger
Authors: Courtecuisse C. , Japiot François , Bloch N. , Diallo I.
Published: January 2021

Une enquête sérologique a été réalisée sur la pathologie aviaire en milieu rural au Niger. Elle a permis de déterminer la fréquence et l'importance de la pullorose (47 p. 100), de la pasteurellose (48 p. 100), de la maladie de Gumboro (47 p. 100) et de la maladie de Newcastle (14 p. 100 chez les non vaccinés et 63 p. 100 chez les vaccinés).
Enquête épidémiologique et sérodiagnostic de l'agalaxie contagieuse des petits ruminants de l'Est algérien
Authors: Belaid Baya , Le Goff Christian , Lefèvre Pierre-Charles
Published: January 2021

L'agalaxie contagieuse des petits ruminants, très largement répandue dans le monde entier, n'épargne pas la plupart des pays africains. Elle revêt une grande importance économique par les pertes en lait et en viande qu'elle occasionne. Sur les 15 millions de têtes d'ovins en Algérie, un tiers est concentré dans l'Est du pays. L'enquête effectuée a pour but de confirmer l'existence de la maladie et d'évaluer sa prévalence. Durant ce travail, 372 sérums et 80 échantillons de lait ont été prélevés sur des troupeaux suspects. Seuls les élevages présentant des signes de mammites et d'arthrites ou de mammites et de kératites ont été retenus. Les tests sérologiques appliqués ont permis non seulement de recenser les animaux positifs mais aussi de comparer leur spécificité et leur sensibilité.
Prévalence des trypanosomoses des animaux domestiques dans le foyer de la maladie du sommeil de Fontem au Cameroun
Authors: Asonganyi Tazoacha , Suh S. , Tetuh M.D.
Published: January 2021

Les auteurs ont examiné, dans le foyer de la maladie du sommeil de Fontem (Cameroun), 304 animaux domestiques dont 114 chèvres, 93 moutons, 67 chiens et 30 porcs, pour la détection de la trypanosomose, à l'aide des tests parasitologiques et sérologiques. Le sous-genre Nannomonas a été le seul détecté chez les animaux, avec une prévalence de 28,3 p. 100. Le test d'agglutination sur carte (Testryp CATT) a montré un taux de positivité de 38,2 p. 100, ce qui a permis une meilleure estimation de la trypanosomose animale. L'absence des trypanosomes du sous-genre Trypanozoon indique probablement que la trypanosomose humaine africaine n'est pas une zoonose dans ce foyer de la maladie du sommeil.
Enquête sérologique sur la fièvre de la vallée du Rift, chez les ovins, en Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Formenty Pierre , Domenech Joseph , Zeller H.G.
Published: January 2021

De 1988 à 1990, une enquête sérologique portant sur un échantillon de 1051 sérums ovins a été menée dans le Sud forestier de la Côte-d'Ivoire afin d'y étudier l'incidence de la fièvre de la vallée du Rift (FVR) et le rôle de ce virus dans la pathologie de la reproduction. La prévalence de la FVR est de 6,85 %. Aucune différence n'a été observée entre les trois régions géographiques déterminées, ni entre les trois années de l'étude. La prévalence augmente avec l'âge de façon significative. La maladie doit être considérée comme enzootique en Côte-d'Ivoire. On trouve une corrélation positive entre séropositivité et avortements, ce qui doit inciter à mieux évaluer l'impact économique de la FVR en santé animale. La présence d 'anticorps chez les animaux âgés de 6 mois à un an, signant une circulation active du virus, implique une surveillance impérative plus large de la situation en Côte-d'Ivoire en raison du risque pour la population humaine en contact avec les animaux.
Etude monographique d'un fourrage ligneux du Nord-Cameroun : Ficus sycomorus L. subsp. gnaphalocarpa (Miq.) C.C. Berg. I. Multiplication et croissance
Authors: Onana Joseph
Published: January 2021

Une étude monographique a été entreprise sur Ficus gnaphalocarpa, fourrage ligneux le plus utilisé dans la province du Nord-Cameroun. La première partie a permis de mettre en évidence l'abondante production de graines chez cette espèce (2,1206 x 10 puissance 6 graines/kg), sa facile multiplication en pépinière (taux de germination de 95 p. 100), et de suivre pendant 40 mois l'évolution du pouvoir germinatif d'un stock de semences. La courbe de croissance représentant la taille Y (cm) en fonction de l'âge x (mois), s'ajuste par le modèle logistique selon l'équation : Y = 250/(1 + 8 e-0,15x); r = 0,97. Les plantations peuvent être mises en exploitation après trois années de végétation, les essais de gestion en cours en définiront les modalités (deuxième partie).
Epidémiologie des principaux virus à tropisme respiratoire chez les petits ruminants au Mali
Authors: Maiga Salia , Sarr J.
Published: January 2021

De 1986 à 1988, une enquête a été menée par le Centre international pour l'élevage en Afrique (CIPEA) sur la situation épidémiologique des principaux virus à tropisme respiratoire chez les petits ruminants au Mali. Les résultats obtenus prouvent leur existence à l'état endémique. Quelle que soit l'espèce, des anticorps neutralisants ont été décelés aussi bien chez les adultes que chez les jeunes. De nouvelles recherches sont nécessaires pour mettre en place une politique cohérente et efficace de prophylaxie ou de traitement selon le cas.
Premiers cas de cowdriose chez des antilopes (Kobus leche kafuensis) en Zambie
Authors: Pandey G.S. , Minyoi D. , Hasebe F. , Mwase E.T.
Published: January 2021

La cowdriose a été diagnostiquée chez des antilopes de Kafue (Kobus leche kafuensis) transférées dans leur région, sur la base des symptômes cliniques, d'autopsie et d'examens de laboratoire. La maladie se caractérise par une hyperesthésie, une démarche circulaire, raide et saccadée sur la pointe des onglons, et des cas de mortalité. Les animaux étaient fortement infestés de tiques Amblyomma. L'autopsie a révélé la présence d'hydrothorax, d'hydropéricardes, d'ascites et de splénomégalie. Les frottis de broyats de cerveaux colorés au Giemsa ont révélé la présence de rickettsies typiques au sein des cellules endothéliales des capillaires. la maladie semble se disséminer, par l'intermédiaire du vecteur, du bétail infecté aux antilopes nouvellement introduites. Ceci constitue les premiers cas rapportés de cowdriose chez les antilopes. Malheureusement, il apparaît difficile de prendre des mesures préventives chez le gibier.
Détermination de l'activité protéase sur une souche cubaine de Babesia bovis
Authors: Savon L.C. , Alonso M. , Rodriguez Diego J. , Blandino T.
Published: January 2021

L'atténuation d'une souche de Babesia bovis est liée à son contenu en protéases. Le présent travail évalue ce paramètre sur une souche virulente, avant et après atténuation par passages rapides sur des veaux splénectomisés. L'activité protéase à différents pH a été déterminée sur des fractions protéiques provenant de sang de veaux. Le test enzymatique a montré des différences marquées du contenu en protéases des deux lignées.