bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Christian 5.s parforcejagt i 1600-Tallets aviser
Authors: Schmidt Kristoffer
Published: February 2021

Kristoffer Schmidt: Christian V’s par force hunt in 17th century’s newspapersThe year 2020 marks the 350th anniversary of the foundation by Christian V of the par force hunt (also known as chasse à courre) in Denmark. This type of hunting was a spec-tacular sight, where riders and a pack of hunting dogs, imported from England, would hunt a selected animal (often a stag) through large, artificially adapted hunting areas such as the open landscapes at Jægersborg Dyrehave or the geometrically shaped hunt-ing routes at Gribskov or Store Dyrehave. After a pursuit lasting usually several hours the animal would collapse from fatigue. The king would then finish off the exhausted beast with a hirschfænger – a large dagger – or a spear. Studies of the royal hunt tend to depict the Danish stag hunt as primarily a means for absolute rulers to showcase a symbolic power. It enabled the absolute ruler to exhibit athletic strength, exemplary riding skills and extreme courage, and thus to paint the picture of a heroic ruler.Although participation in these hunts was limited to a small group of royal hunts-men, court members and foreign guests (for example, ambassadors and royalty), news of the king’s hunting adventures were conveyed through contemporaneous, partly state-controlled newspapers such as Anders Bording’s Den Danske Mercurius and Ahasver-us Bartholin’s Mercurius.This article examines how the royal hunt – primarily the stag hunt – was covered in Den Danske Mercurius and later Mercurius. It reveals that reports on the stag hunt seem to have two main purposes. On the one hand, the newspaper reports underscore the assess-ment of the royal hunts as a symbolic manifestation of power, combining a description of the hunting skills of Christian V with a more general depiction of him as the hero-king. On the other hand, the reports also reveal a need of the Danish-Norwegian absolutist regime to justify the King’s numerous hunting adventures. In several instances Bording, in particular, pointed to the fact that the hunt was considered a pastime for the King and the court. Therefore, Bording and Bartholin stressed that this type of pastime did not interfere with the King’s other, more important duties, such as affairs of state. In other words, the picture of the athletic hero-king did not carry more weight than the image of the King as a capable and efficient ruler. Thus, it appears that the stag hunt, despite its public grandeur, also had a recreational and more private purpose, and that Christian V withdrew from his more formal duties to go hunting.
Estado funcional e as políticas de ajuste estrutural na Educação Básica brasileira
Authors: Silva Renata Valério , Alves da Silva Moreira Jani , França Volsi Maria Eunice
Published: February 2021

O texto tem como objetivo analisar a concepção de Estado funcional e as políticas de ajuste estrutural para a educação básica no contexto de intensificação do neoliberalismo no Brasil. Se refere aos resultados de uma pesquisa exploratória de caráter bibliográfico e documental. Para dar conta do proposto, o texto analisa os pressupostos históricos e políticos do financiamento da educação básica e a questões históricas pertinentes, que desencadearam a intensificação das políticas de ajuste estrutural neoliberal na educação básica. Concluiu-se que as políticas de ajuste estrutural são resultados dos atos governamentais, que, por sua vez, caminham na contramão do que é condizente para os serviços públicos. As articulações entre o setor privado e público resultaram em políticas de ajustes estruturais que favorecem a economia e os interesses da elite brasileira e, nesse cenário, a educação básica pública é posta como uma mercadoria lucrativa. Isso, por sua vez, favorece a cultura de que o setor privado apresenta resultados, enquanto o setor público é visto como  ineficiente. É uma ótica de lógica mercadológica posta no sistema educacional como solução para os problemas enfrentados pela educação pública, que resulta na desvalorização do setor público.
Uma análise das concepções sobre as práticas investigativas na Educação Básica
Authors: Bonzanini de Lima Daniela , Nunes Garcia Rosane , Goulart Lígia Beatriz
Published: February 2021

As práticas investigativas na Educação Básica se caracterizam como um outro olhar sobre o aprender e o ensinar para os educadores, que buscam oportunizar aprendizagens significativas aos seus estudantes, produzindo propostas que consideram as necessidades e interesses destes. O trabalho com Projetos, que teve sua origem nas ideias da Escola Nova, apresenta-se atualmente com diferentes nomenclaturas. Assim a pesquisa tem como objetivo caracterizar e diferenciar, a partir de alguns referenciais teóricos, as concepções que sustentam diferentes denominações utilizadas para designar as atividades investigativas na Educação Básica. A pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa, caracteriza-se como exploratória e se desenvolve exclusivamente a partir da análise de diferentes fontes bibliográficas. Os resultados encontrados apontam que há diferenças entre as concepções que estão associadas às práticas investigativas nas escolas, principalmente no que tange aos conceitos de Projetos e de Iniciação Científica. Sendo assim, o artigo aponta para a necessidade de se compreender as diferentes nomenclaturas utilizadas para designar as práticas investigativas, a fim de que não se empreguem termos similares para práticas distintas. Esse conhecimento reforça também a necessidade da ampliação desses estudos na formação inicial e continuada de professores da Educação Básica.
Negar a leitura literária hoje pra conter a organização política amanhã: formação estética para quem?
Authors: Monteiro Chaves Priscila , Dias Koehler Andressa
Published: February 2021

Este ensaio discute pressupostos psicológicos e filosóficos para a formação estética da criança na experiência com a leitura de literatura. Nesse viés, problematiza brevemente políticas de acesso à leitura promovidas pelo Ministério da Educação; trata da imaginação e da criatividade, na perspectiva vygotskyana, como atividade humana determinada pela cultura e pela linguagem; e dos conceitos de imagem dialética e de mímesis, sob a perspectiva de Walter Benjamin, concebendo a leitura literária contrária à instrução de conteúdo moral, informativo, de simples divertimento, de caráter didático para o ensino da língua ou, ainda, de interpretação livre e espontânea por parte da criança. Esse esforço empenhado se justifica pela necessidade de que seja ainda discutida a dimensão estética da leitura literária infantil como um caminho para que as crianças acessem seus sentimentos mais conflitantes, extrapolem fronteiras de condutas padronizadas, participem da cultura, atribuam sentidos ao vivenciado, desenvolvam a atividade criadora e conciliem maneiras de se relacionar com o mundo. Isso está estreitamente vinculado a uma perspectiva de formação que não se ajusta à moral do trabalho — que propõe ideias conciliadoras, pragmáticas e utilitárias que promovem a contenção política —, mas à necessidade de formar-se, de modo mais pleno possível, como um sujeito do conhecimento histórico desde a infância.
Llega YouTube Kids, el gran canal infantil
Authors: Montaña Blasco Mireia
Published: February 2021

Hace pocos días que YouTube Kids ha llegado a nuestro país. Un año después de hacerlo en Estados Unidos, esta plataforma se ha estrenado con una versión infantil que emite vídeos exclusivamente creados para los más pequeños. Para tranquilidad de los padres, la configuración de YouTube Kids permite tener unas mayores restricciones o configurar un temporizador de tiempo que sólo los adultos pueden desbloquear.
Centenarios y relaciones públicas
Authors: Estanyol i Casals Elisenda
Published: February 2021

La celebración de un centenario, como la de otras efemérides y aniversarios, es una excusa excelente para organizar un evento o desarrollar cualquier otra acción de relaciones públicas. Los Estados Unidos de América lo saben muy bien: los 100 años de la preservación del espacio natural de Yellowstone, que fue el detonante de la implantación de los Parques Nacionales, es un buen ejemplo de ello.
El aprendizaje es emoción
Authors: Sanz Martos Sandra
Published: February 2021

Según Wikipedia, etimológicamente el término emoción viene del latín emotio, que significa “movimiento o impulso”, “aquello que te mueve hacia”. Y conductualmente es así, las emociones sirven para establecer nuestra posición con respecto a nuestro entorno, y nos impulsan hacia ciertas personas, objetos, acciones, ideas y nos alejan de otros. Las emociones hacen que las cosas despierten nuestro interés o nuestro rechazo. Que reaccionemos ante aquello que nos resulta agradable o doloroso.
De puertas y campos
Authors: Aranda Dani
Published: February 2021

El miedo vende y el negocio alrededor de la percepción de seguridad no para de crecer. Ya no se trata de asegurar nuestras casas, coches, viajes, nuestra salud o incluso nuestra vida y, ¡cómo no!, nuestra muerte, sino que ahora llega el turno de nuestros hijos y de su vida digital.
Bienvenidos (de nuevo) a 'Westworld': 'western' e inteligencia artificial en el último éxito de HBO
Authors: Roig Antoni
Published: February 2021

En 1973 se estrenaba mundialmente Westworld (presentada en España con el extraño título de Almas de metal), una película de ciencia ficción sobre un parque temático diseñado para visitantes de alto poder adquisitivo y poblado por robots de apariencia prácticamente indistinguible de un ser humano, programados para satisfacer las fantasías y los deseos de los 'invitados'. Más de cuarenta años después, en un panorama audiovisual totalmente diferente, vuelve Westworld, ahora en forma de serie estrella de HBO, llamada, dicen algunos, a ser la sucesora de Juego de Tronos (y otros que de Lost) y que será probablemente la punta de lanza de la entrada en España de la nueva plataforma de vídeo bajo demanda HBO Go.
Integron activity accelerates the evolution of antibiotic resistance
Authors: Souque Célia , Escudero José Antonio , MacLean R Craig
Published: February 2021

Mobile integrons are widespread genetic platforms that allow bacteria to modulate the expression of antibiotic resistance cassettes by shuffling their position from a common promoter. Antibiotic stress induces the expression of an integrase that excises and integrates cassettes, and this unique recombination and expression system is thought to allow bacteria to ‘evolve on demand’ in response to antibiotic pressure. To test this hypothesis, we inserted a custom three-cassette integron into Pseudomonas aeruginosa and used experimental evolution to measure the impact of integrase activity on adaptation to gentamicin. Crucially, integrase activity accelerated evolution by increasing the expression of a gentamicin resistance cassette through duplications and by eliminating redundant cassettes. Importantly, we found no evidence of deleterious off-target effects of integrase activity. In summary, integrons accelerate resistance evolution by rapidly generating combinatorial variation in cassette composition while maintaining genomic integrity.
Structural Equation Modeling on Quality of Life in Middle-Aged Women with Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Yeom Young Ran , Kim Aekyung
Published: February 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors affecting the quality of life of middle-aged women with urinary incontinence by using Wilson and Cleary (1995)'s health-related quality of life model and previous studies. This article was done to construct a model for the collection of data on women with urinary incontinence and verifying the suitability of the model and the hypotheses presented in the model.Methods: A total of 209 valid questionnaires which met the criteria of middle-aged women who experienced urinary incontinence was used for final analysis. The exogenous and endogenous variables of the hypothesis model consisted of age, number of delivery, menstrual status, self-esteem, social support, physical symptoms, depression, anxiety, self-care agency and quality of life. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS/WINdow 25.0 and AMOS 18.0 program.Results: The fitness of the modified model, x2/df=1.675, RMR=0.047, RMAEA=0.057, GFI=0.900, AGFI=0.855, NFI=0.923, TLI=0.957, CFI=0.9674. In the modified model, self-esteem showed the strongest total impact including the direct and indirect impacts on the quality of life of women with incontinence. In the result of verification of the modified model, quality of life explained by 58.8% through self-esteem, social support, self-care agency.Conclusion: Efforts are needed to improve self-esteem for middle-aged women with urinary incontinence, alleviate psychological symptoms, and develop self-care agency that they can manage themselves. Various aspects of physical, mental and psychological aspects can be comprehensively assessed and utilized to develop an interactive strategy system through individual programs and social support.
Structural Equation Modeling Analysis on Health Literacy and Cancer Prevention Behaviors among Medically-Underserved, Low-Income Populations
Authors: Kim Eun Jin , Kim Su Hyun
Published: February 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test a hypothetical model about health literacy and cancer preventive behaviors among medically-underserved, low-income populations.Methods: Data were collected by questionnaire survey from 284 medical aid beneficiaries in three metropolitan cities from August to September 2018. Based on Von Wagner’s health literacy and health outcome framework, the hypothetical model was developed which designates health literacy as the exogenous variable, cancer preventive behaviors as the endogenous variables, and knowledge, beliefs and attitudes about cancer prevention, and self-efficacy for mediating variables. Structural modeling analysis was conducted using SPSS/WIN 21.0 and AMOS 25.0 program.Results: Health literacy had a significant direct effect on knowledge, beliefs and attitude about cancer prevention, and self-efficacy but not on cancer preventive behaviors. Knowledge, beliefs and attitudes about cancer prevention, and self-efficacy, fully mediated in the relationship between health literacy and cancer preventive behaviors. Model fit indices for the hypothetical model showed good agreement.Conclusion: Health literacy among the medically-underserved, low-income populations influences cancer preventive behaviors through the full mediation of knowledge, beliefs and attitude, and self-efficacy. Therefore, to promote cancer preventive behaviors among medically-underserved, low-income populations, consideration should be given to health literacy level and development of strategies to enhance knowledge, beliefs and attitudes, and self-efficacy.
Psychometric Testing of the Korean Version of the Caring Behaviors Inventory-24 in Clinical Nurses
Authors: Kang Younhee , Kang Sook Jung , Yang In-Suk , Lee Haeok , Fitzpatrick Joyce
Published: February 2021

Purpose: To determine psychometric properties of the Caring Behaviors Inventory-24 (CBI-24) among Korean clinical nurses.Methods: A methodological design was used. Data were collected from 408 clinical nurses. Construct validity analysis was performed, including factorial, convergent, and discriminant validity. Internal consistency was tested by Cronbach’s ⍺ coefficients, inter-item correlation, and corrected item-total correlation.Results: Exploratory factor analysis produced three factors: ‘empathy and supporting’, ‘knowledge and skills’, and ‘providing comfort’. In confirmatory factor analysis results, model fit indices were acceptable (x2/df=3.50, RMR=.05, RMSEA=.08, CFI=.90). The values obtained for the AVE ranged from .53 to .68, and for the CR ranged from .53 to .68. Convergent validity coefficients were noticeably greater in magnitude than discriminant validity coefficients: .53 (AVE1 value) and .68 (AVE2 value)≥.45 (r122 value) and .68 (AVE2 value) and .63 (AVE3 value)≥.61 (r232 value). Internal consistency (Cronbach’s ⍺) of CBI-K was .95.Conclusion: The CBI-K was shown to have acceptable construct validity and good internal consistency. Study findings imply that CBI-K could be a useful instrument for clinical administrators and nursing researchers to assess caring behaviors among Korean clinical nurses. Utilization of CBI-K might contribute to the building of empirical knowledge and the understanding of caring behaviors from nurses’ perspectives.
KAIDARYA (Murraya koenigii L. Sprengel): A DRUG REVIEW
Authors: Javagal Vijay , Hegde Prakash L , J Keerthana
Published: February 2021

Plants have been used in traditional medicine for several thousand years from the Vedic period. Ayurveda helps in the management of various diseases by means of herbal medicines. Kaidarya (Murraya koenigii L. Sprengel) being native to India are extensively employed as flavouring in curries, apart from this Kaidarya possesses various medicinal properties. Hence due to the colossal medicinal importance of Kaidarya a review has been attempted considering all the information related to it.
Adult Learning Principles a Strategy for Improving Instructional Delivery in Higher Institutions of Learning in Nigeria
Authors: Yusuf Murtala Aknabi
Published: February 2021

This paper argues that an andragogical approach to teaching and learning in higher education in Nigeria has become necessary if the goals prescribed by the National Policy on Education as regards tertiary education are to be achieved. Going by the current practice in some tertiary education institutions, students are seen as passive learners and teachers as “masters” of all knowledge. This posture naturally promotes 'banking learning' which views learners as banks within whom knowledge is deposited to be withdrawn at a later date. Since an approach such as this is inimical to the achievement of the goals of tertiary education in Nigeria, the paper advocates for the adoption of adult learning principles by teachers of higher institution of learning. Adult learning principle which is based on andragogy theory propounded by Malcolm Knowles sees learners as autonomous and self-directed; experienced; goal-oriented; relevancy-oriented; practical-oriented individuals. The paper ends by giving selective examples of how adult learning principles may be applied to higher education teaching to achieve the goals enunciated within the Nigeria National Policy on Education.
Saline Water Threshold Level that Maximizes Grain Yield Production and Minimizes Sodium Accumulation for Salinity Stress-sensitive and Tolerant Wheat Cultivars
Authors: Morsy Sabah , Elbasyoni Ibrahim S. , Baenziger Stephen
Published: February 2021

Saline irrigation is one of the approaches that was developed to address the freshwater gap in many regions around the world. This experiment was conducted in two growing seasons under open field conditions in pots. In addition to the control (0.5 dSm-1), three levels of saline water, i.e., 5.0, 7.0, and 9 dSm-1 were used to irrigate ten commercially grown Egyptian wheat cultivars. The number of days to flowering, plant height, fertile tillers, grain weight per spike, number of kernels per spike, and grain yield were measured. Furthermore, Na+, K+, Ca+2, Mg+2, and Cl− were also measured. The objectives of the current study were to (a) estimate the quantitative impact of various levels of saline irrigation water on physio-agronomical performance of commercially grown wheat cultivars; (b) highlight the importance of using salinity stress tolerant wheat cultivars in a scenario where they grow beside salinity stress-sensitive ones and are irrigated with multiple levels of saline water. Salinity stress tolerant wheat cultivars tend to maintain higher levels of K+, Ca+2, and Mg+2, compared to the sensitive ones. Overall, the average performance of the salinity stress-tolerant cultivars across the levels of saline water used was 26.5% higher than the sensitive ones for grain yield. Our results also indicated that 6.25 dSm-1 is the maximum saline water that can be used to irrigate the sensitive wheat cultivars. In which 6.25 dSm-1  is the salinity level that maximizes grain yield, the number of fertile tillers, and K+  concentration while minimizing  Na+ accumulation in plants. For the same reasons, nine dSm-1 was defined as the salinity threshold for the salinity stress-tolerant cultivars.
Production Competence, Cost-effectiveness and Nutrient Uptake as Influenced by Diversenutrient Management in Summer Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)
Authors: Naik A. H. Kumar , Madhu G. , Chaithra G. M. , Hanumanthappa M.
Published: February 2021

A field experiment was carried out during summer 2019 and 2020 at Zonal Agricultural and Horticultural Research Station, Hiriyur University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga to study the influence of natural farming practices on growth, yield attributes and yield of ground nut in black soils. Pooled analysis of two years revealed that recommended dose of fertilizer significantly recorded higher pod (1969 kg ha-1), kernel (1516 kg ha-1) and haulm (3699 kg ha-1) yield as compared to other nutrient management practices. Similar trend was noticed in other yield parameters. Significantly higher nutrient uptake was observed in treatment receiving recommended package of practice i.e., nitrogen (101.75 kg ha-1), phosphorus (28.41 kg ha-1) and potassium (94.54 kg ha-1), respectively. However, the natural farming treatment receiving significantly recorded higher gross returns (Rs. 1,62,458 ha-1), net returns (Rs.1,14,063) and B:C ratio (3.36) as compared to other nutrient management practices. In 2019 and 2020 the same treatment recorded significantly higher growth, yield parameters and economics.
Changes in Antioxidant Markers and Histopathology of Wistar Rats Fed with Edible Clay (Nzu)
Authors: Dokubo A. , Okwudike A. E. , Nwauche K. T.
Published: February 2021

The changes in the antioxidant markers and histopathology in both adult male and female wistar rats fed with Calabash Chalk (nzu) was investigated. Twenty (20) wistar rats weighing between (120-150 g) were used for this study. They were randomly divided into four (4) Groups containing five (5) animals each (n=5) A-D. Groups (B-D) were fed with 1.0%, 2.0% and 8.0% of clay. Group A, not fed with clay served as control. After 21 days of continuous feeding, the animals were sacrificed and their liver organs excised for the following antioxidant markers (Catalase CAT, Reduced Glutathione GSH, Superoxide dismutase, SOD) and histopathology. The results showed significant (p< 0.05) increase in catalase activity in rats fed with 1.0% and 8.0% clay compared to control (0 clay) and group fed with 2.0%. However, no significant (p>0.05) difference was obtained for the group fed with 2.0% when compared to control.  The results obtained for GSH and SOD also showed no significant (p>0.05) difference in the fed groups when compared to control. Histopathological changes indicated mild periportal and intraparenchymal inflammation in group fed with 8.0%. From the study it can be deduced that clay consumption has the potential to elicit the activities of antioxidant markers and subsequent depletion providing weak defenses against reactive oxygen species (ROS) and liver damage in the rats.
Augmented Leadframe Design for Stable Multi-Wire Ground Bonding
Authors: Gomez Frederick Ray I. , Gablan Alyssa Grace S. , Moreno Anthony R. , Gomez Nerie R.
Published: February 2021

Technological change has brought the global market into broad industrialization and modernization. One major application in the semiconductor industry demands safety and high reliability with strict compliance requirement. This technical paper focuses on the package design solution of quad-flat no leads (QFN) to mitigate the leadframe bouncing and its consequent effect of lifted wire and/or non-stick on leads (NSOL) defects on multi-wire ground connection. Multi-wire on single lead ground (or simply Gnd) connection plays critical attribute in the test coverage risk assessment. Cases of missing wire and/or NSOL on the multi-wire Gnd connection cannot be detected at test resulting to Bin1 (good) instead of Bin5 (open) failure. To ease the failure modes mechanism, a new design of QFN leadframe package with lead-to-diepad bridge-type connection was conceptualized for device with extended leads and with multiple Gnd wires connection. The augmented design would provide better stability than the existing leadframe configurations during wirebonding. Ultimately, the design would help eliminate potential escapees at test of lifted Gnd wire not detected.
Understanding Package Crack Signatures in a Leadframe Semiconductor Package
Authors: Talledo Jefferson
Published: February 2021

This paper presents the simulation approach used to understand package crack signatures of a leadframe package under different mechanical loading scenarios. Package crack is one of the common problems with semiconductor packages. A better understanding of the different crack signatures would help identify the root cause quickly and be able to find the correct solution. In this study, a high precision materials testing system was used to apply mechanical loading to the package simulating different scenarios that could produce the crack. Based on the testing results, cracks have distinct signatures depending on how the force is applied. With the different signatures identified, this approach makes it easy to find the root cause of the crack in actual applications or assembly processes and resolve the problem faster.
Development of Novel Fermented Almond Milk Tea and It’s Evaluation as Antidiabetic Drink
Authors: Kannan Deepak , Kumaran Akash , Venkatesan Sanjay , Sukumaran Prabhu
Published: February 2021

Background: It is well known that almond and tea is best known to prevent Diabetes mellitus due to its abundant source of polyphenols. Also, probiotics also have been used in the treatment of Diabetes. This study is focused on the combined effect of all these three ingredients through the process of fermentation.

Objective: The aim of this present study is to develop, analyse sensory parameters in human volunteers for optimisation and evaluate the antidiabetic efficiency of Fermented Almond milk tea (FAMT) both in vitro and in vivo analysis.

Study Design: Development of FAMTàOptimisation of FAMT based on sensory analysis from 25 human participantsà In vitro antidiabetic analysis of FAMT extract à Animal studies.

Place and Duration: The research work was conducted during November, 2019 to March, 2020 at the Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Post Bag No.1, Pennalur, Sriperumbudur Tk, Kancheepuram Dt, TN-602117, India.

Materials and Methods: FAMT was prepared by optimisation of different formulation based on sensory analysis recorded from 25 healthy human volunteers. The FAMT extract was prepared and was used for the in vitro analysis and phytochemical screening. The animal study was performed with 30 Albino Wistar rats which were divided into 5 groups under preventive regimen. Group I was healthy normoglycemic control group. Group II served as positive control. Group III received metformin (350 mg/kg bw, p.o) for 28 days. Group IV received 5% Fermented almond milk for 28 days. Group V received 5% FAMT for 28thday. All groups except Group I received single dose of STZ (50 mg/kg bw, i.p) on the 29th day for the induction of Diabetes mellitus. After 7 days from induction, animals were anaesthetized and blood was drawn for the evaluation of plasma glucose and serum TG, cholesterol & insulin.  

Results: It was observed that FAMT (8:2) was favoured by the participants more than other formulations. FAMT was found to contain Saponins, flavonoids and phenol. The total poly phenol of FAMT (373 ± 3.0 μg/ml) was high than Fermented almond milk (232.5 ± 2.50 μg/ml). The DPPH scavenging, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibiting percentage of FAMT (59 ± 4%,52 ± 3%, 50 ± 4% respectively) was high when compared to fermented almond milk (32 ± 2%,34 ± 2% and 45 ± 2% respectively). From animal studies it was significantly observed that plasma glucose (P<0.0001) was reduced, serum insulin (P<0.001) was increased, serum TG (P<0.0.001) and cholesterol (P<0.01) were reduced when compared to Positive control Group- II.

Conclusion: Thus, FAMT was proved to act as a prophylactic anti-diabetic drink and was more potent than normal fermented almond milk.
Pharmacy Students’ Perceptions towards Online Learning
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. , Alkhawaja Faisal Z. , Alrawili Abdulrahman S. , Alonazi Wael
Published: February 2021

Aim: This study aimed to describe the perceptions of pharmacy students towards online learning in Saudi Arabia.

Methodology: This study included an online survey that was self-administered to be filled by pharmacy students. Results were downloaded and stored in Microsoft Excel spreadsheets and the results were analyzed descriptively and represented by numbers and percentages.

Results: Most of the students said that they prefer viewing lectures by traditional in-class learning (66%). Only 40% said that they would be able to keep pace with the course by viewing lectures weekly for fully online courses that include lectures available only on blackboard. Additionally, 50% of the students prefer to attend pharmacy curriculum courses by both traditional delivered lecture style and blended online learning.

Conclusion: Pharmacy students showed some interest in online learning methods within the pharmacy curriculum but the majority of them preferred traditional dedicated-instructor delivered lecture style. It is important to use both the traditional learning with online learning during the Covid-19 outbreak.
Analysis of Benzodiazepines Utilization Other than Mental Disorder at District Sukkur Pakistan
Authors: Khan Nisar , Ali Sajid , Ahmed Zuheeb , Metlo Marvi , Ali Asif , Muhammad Shaib , Jamali Niaz Hussain , Ahmer Arslan , Khan Salman , Rehman Ata-ur- , Ahmed Tahseen , Arain Shumaila Parveen
Published: February 2021

The main objective of this research was to evaluate the prescribing ratio of benzodiazepines in the patients suffering from a disease other than a mental disorder. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at 24 different community pharmacies and medical stores of District Sukkur. Participants with age more than 18 years and using Benzodiazepines were included in this study. Average age of the Participants, who were participated, was 38 ± 20 years. From the 177 study subjects who visited the community pharmacies or medical stores for the purchase of benzodiazepines 104 were male and remaining 73 were female. From 177 patients 132 were married and remaining 45 were unmarried or widow. It was concluded that the consumption of benzodiazepine drugs is terrifyingly very high, especially as a self-medication without any prescription.
Comparison of the Efficacy of Intravenous Ketorolac to that of Intravenous Pethidine in Pain Suppression in Patients with Biliary Colic
Authors: Hashemian Amir Masoud , Bameri Omid , Farzaneh Roohie , Sharifabad Amir Rahmanian , Maleki Fatemeh , Foroughian Mahdi , Sharifi Mohammad Davood
Published: February 2021

Aim: The study aimed to compare the effect of intravenous administration of the NSAID (Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) ketorolac to that of intravenous administration of the opioid pethidine in the suppression of pain in patients with biliary colic.

Methodology: The present study is a trial study. Among all the biliary colic patients in Mashhad Referral Hospital Emergency in Iran, 58 patients with inclusion criteria were selected using convenience sampling. They were randomly divided into two groups of 29 patients. In the first group, 1 mg/kg IV pethidine, and in the second group, 30 mg IV ketorolac was injected. The pain severity was assessed prior to the treatment and 15, 30, and 60 minutes after the onset of the treatment using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The data were analyzed using SPSS 20 and Chi-square tests.

Findings: The patients' mean age was 45±15 years old (age ranged from 30 to 60 years old). The results showed no significant relationship between pain suppression and medicine type after 15 minutes (P=0.5), 30 minutes (P=0.6), and 1 hour (P=0.7). It means that pethidine and ketorolac have an equal effect on pain suppression in patients with biliary colic. Also, the more time passes from the injection, the more the medicines suppress pain.

Conclusion: the results of this study show that the efficacy of NSAIDs in the suppression of moderate to severe pain; therefore, a plan to use NSAIDs instead of narcotics for this purpose is essential.
Prevalence of Malaria with Anaemia and HIV Status in Women of Reproductive Age in Onitsha, Nigeria
Authors: Ezeoru Vivian Chinenye , Enweani Ifeoma Bessie , Ochiabuto Ogochukwu , Nwachukwu Anthonia Chinwe , Ogbonna Ugoy Sonia , Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi
Published: February 2021

The major health problems affecting pregnant women in sub-Saharan African are anaemia, malaria and HIV. A case-control study aimed at determining the prevalence of malaria, anaemia and HIV status among women of reproductive age between 20-49 years attending General Hospital, Onitsha was conducted. Blood samples of three hundred and sixty-two apparently healthy gravid women attending antenatal and 181 non-gravid apparently healthy women in Onitsha were recruited using random sampling method. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Haemoglobin was estimated using automated method, Malaria, diagnosed microscopically using gold standard staining method and HIV screened using qualitative immunochromatographic method, confirmed molecularly. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 21. Results revealed that out of the 362 pregnant test groups,125 (34.5%) had malaria parasite (mp) in their blood and were anaemic 53(37.6%)  though fewer in control groups ;23,14 (12.7%; 16.1%)  (p = 0.195; p =0.055). Out of 347 HIV sero-negative pregnant women, 110 (31.7%) tested HIV positive when confirmed by PCR molecular method while only 1(0.6%) sero-negative controls were confirmed positive with molecular method with statistical significance observed in the test and control groups (p = 0.000; p = 0.000). However, as pregnancy affects HIV serology testing, it is necessary to use molecular method to increase its sensitivity and more enlightment  programmes on the importance of balanced diet, compliance to Malaria control and routine gynecological drugs intake in pregnant women.
Clinical Efficacy and Safety Profile of Lurasidone Comparing with Risperidone: Randomized, Open Label, Clinical Study
Authors: Sreedhar V. , Reddenna L. , Rajavardhana T. , Rudra J. Thippe , Kumar E. Pavan , Kumar M. Pramod , Sai M. Kalyan , Sivasaileela T. , Yamini Y. , Sreelekha B. , Nishkala B. , Mahesh M.
Published: February 2021

There are diverse studies which afford evidences that risperidone is as effective as second generation antipsychotics in treating positive symptoms and more effective in treatment of negative symptoms. This study is intended to find the clinical efficacy and safety profile of lurasidone comparing with risperidone, a drug in common use nowadays. Patients aged between 18 to 60yrs, Patients with new onset of symptoms who fulfil the ICD-10 criteria for a primary diagnosis of schizophrenia and Patients having a total PANSS score of ≥80 including a score ≥4 (moderate) on two or more of positive subscale at baseline. Patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia who remained drug free for at least last 6 months also included. Demographic data of the patients were collected. Baseline investigations like BP, complete blood count, lipid profile, blood sugar, renal function test and liver function test were done. Severity of schizophrenia at baseline was assessed using positive and negative symptoms scale (PANSS). Patients were randomized by using computer generated random table in 1:1 ratio as group A and group B, with 25 patients in each group. The efficacy of group A and group B was analysed by applying rating scale Positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) at the end of 4 and 6 weeks. Adverse drug reactions were recorded and monitored by interviewing with patients, by physical examination and also by necessary lab investigations at the end of 6 weeks. Patients were insisted to maintain a diary to note any new occurrence of adverse drug reactions in between the follow up period. Suspected adverse drug reactions were documented in predesigned reporting form. In PANSS positive scale both groups had significant decrease in PANSS score both at week 4 and week 6 (p<0.05). Lurasidone is as equally efficacious as risperidone in reducing PANSS score, but produces less metabolic syndrome and other adverse effects than risperidone.
3137 fetuses in 33 years: What we have learned from the Wisconsin stillbirth service program
Authors: McPherson Elizabeth W.
Published: February 2021

The Wisconsin Stillbirth Service Program (WiSSP) provided expert review by a dysmorphologist for community‐acquired data on 3137 fetal deaths between 1983 and 2017. Intrinsic fetal causes were consistently identified in about 25% while placental and maternal causes were recognized with increasing frequency as attention was shifted from a primarily fetal to a multifocal approach. Identification of causes increased from 40% to 78% and in about half of cases results of the review altered recurrence risk and/or future pregnancy management. Banked data from WiSSP formed the basis of 24 publications, more than half of which have a genetic counselor and/or summer premedical student intern as an author. The earlier publications emphasized validation of the concept of community‐based evaluation with central review, the utility of various parts of the WiSSP protocol, the similarity of second‐trimester miscarriages <20 weeks to later stillbirths with respect to causes identified and recurrence risks, and the potential for results of etiologic evaluation to influence future prenatal care. The most important recurrent theme, however, was the interaction of intrinsic fetal, placental, and maternal factors in contributing to fetal demise. This implies that, at least in developed nations with available obstetric care, reduction in stillbirth will require careful attention to the myriad of factors contributing to fetal, placental, and maternal well‐being.
Palladium‐Phenylpyrazolylphosphine‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Alkenyl Pivalates
Authors: Chen Zicong , So Chau Ming
Published: February 2021

Palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions are indispensable tools for C−C bond formation, and new catalyst development remains a powerful driving force in this field. In this study, a new type of easily accessible phenylpyrazole phosphine ligand is developed. The catalyst generated from Pd(OAc)2 and PP‐Phos (L15) is highly effective in the palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of alkenyl pivalates with organomagnesium reagents. The reaction accommodates a broad scope of alkenyl carboxylates under mild conditions, providing an alternative but practical way to the synthesis of multi‐substituted alkenes in value.
Facile synthesis of alginate‐based calcium tungstate composite: A thermally stable blue emitting phosphor
Authors: Cheng Wen , Zhang Qing , Xue Yun , Wang Yanwei , Zhou Xiaodong , Li Zichao , Li Qun
Published: February 2021

The alginate‐based calcium tungstate composite was fabricated by a facile and eco‐friendly one‐step crosslinking process combining with the freeze‐drying method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectrum and photoluminescence (PL) were employed to characterize the structures, morphologies, thermal stabilities, and optical properties of the synthesized composite materials. The obtained results demonstrate that the alginate‐based calcium tungstate composite presented a special porous network architecture with tetragonal scheelite‐type calcium tungstate microspheres attached. A possible synthesis mechanism was proposed based on the experimental data. Moreover, the PL data confirmed the broadband emission of the composite with its maximum at 438 nm that located in the blue emitting region. This study provides the alginate‐based calcium tungstate composite with unique morphology and good thermal stability as well as lays a foundation for its application in the field of PL.
Interdisziplinäre Bestandserfassung zur Bewertung und Injektionskontrolle des Schwarza‐Witznaustollens
Authors: Patitz Gabriele , Hübner Markus , Stolz Daniel , Render Robert
Published: February 2021

Der Schwarza‐Witznaustollen ist ein zur Schluchseewerk AG gehörender, ca. 9 200 m langer Triebwasserstollen mit einer unbewehrten Betonauskleidung. Der Zustand dieses im Zeitraum von 1929 bis 1943 erbauten Stollens wurde im Rahmen eines Pilotprojekts mit zerstörungsfreien Erkundungsverfahren wie Orthofotos und Stollenradar in interdisziplinärer Zusammenarbeit von Bauingenieuren, Geophysikern und Vermessungsingenieuren erfasst, dokumentiert und bewertet. Als Basis für die Entwicklung und Planung eines Sanierungskonzepts erfolgte die Kontrolle der ausgeführten Probeinjektionen mit Stollenradar in mehreren ausgewählten Abschnitten. Anhand von Datensätzen identischer Vorher‐Nachher‐Messungen des Stollenradars konnten signifikante Veränderungen in der Betonauskleidung abgestuft über verschiedene Bauteiltiefen analysiert und bewertet werden. Es ist naheliegend, dass diese auf die erfolgten Injektionen zurückzuführen sind. Das betrifft zum einen Injektionen innerhalb der Betonschale und den Grenzbereich Beton–Fels und zum anderen Veränderungen der anstehenden Wasserfront in der Stollenlängsrichtung und Stollenwandtiefe. Mittels gezielter kalibrierender Voll‐ bzw. Kernbohrungen und Videoendoskopien wurden die physikalischen Messwerte des Stollenradars verifiziert.
Embryonic movement stimulates joint formation and development: Implications in arthrogryposis multiplex congenita
Authors: Zhou Haodong
Published: February 2021

Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) is a heterogeneous syndrome where multiple joints have reduced range of motion due to contracture formation prior to birth. A common cause of AMC is reduced embryonic movement in utero. This reduction in embryonic movement can perturb molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in the formation of joints during development. The absence of mechanical stimuli can impair joint cavitation, resulting in joint fusion, and ultimately eliminate function. In turn, mechanical stimuli are critical for proper joint formation during development and for mitigating AMC. Studies in experimental animal models have provided a greater understanding on the molecular pathophysiology of congenital contracture formation as a consequence of embryonic immobilization. Elucidation of how the mechanical signaling environment is transduced to initiate a biological response will be necessary to gain a deeper understanding of how mechanical stimuli are intertwined in the molecular regulation of joint development.
A randomized, double‐blind, phase II study of oral histone deacetylase inhibitor resminostat plus S‐1 versus placebo plus S‐1 in biliary tract cancers previously treated with gemcitabine plus platinum‐based chemotherapy
Authors: Ueno Makoto , Morizane Chigusa , Furukawa Masayuki , Sakai Daisuke , Komatsu Yoshito , Nakai Yousuke , Tsuda Masahiro , Ozaka Masato , Mizuno Nobumasa , Muto Manabu , Fukutomi Akira , Ikeda Masafumi , Tsuji Akihito , Katanuma Akio , Moriwaki Toshikazu , Kajiwara Takeshi , Ishii Hiroshi , Negoro Yuji , Shimizu Satoshi , Nemoto Noriko , Kobayashi Shingo , Makino Keigo , Furuse Junji
Published: February 2021

Purpose

Effective second‐line chemotherapy options are limited in treating advanced biliary tract cancers (BTCs). Resminostat is an oral histone deacetylase inhibitor. Such inhibitors increase sensitivity to fluorouracil, the active form of S‐1. In the phase I study, addition of resminostat to S‐1 was suggested to have promising efficacy for pre‐treated BTCs. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of resminostat plus S‐1 in second‐line therapy for BTCs.

Methods

Patients were randomly assigned to receive resminostat or placebo (200 mg orally per day; days 1–5 and 8–12) and S‐1 group (80–120 mg orally per day by body surface area; days 1–14) over a 21‐day cycle. The primary endpoint was progression‐free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints comprised overall survival (OS), response rate (RR), disease control rate (DCR), and safety.

Results

Among 101 patients enrolled, 50 received resminostat+S‐1 and 51 received placebo+S‐1. Median PFS was 2.9 months for resminostat+S‐1 vs. 3.0 months for placebo+S‐1 (HR: 1.154, 95% CI: 0.759–1.757, p = 0.502); median OS was 7.8 months vs. 7.5 months, respectively (HR: 1.049, 95% CI: 0.653–1.684, p = 0.834); the RR and DCR were 6.0% vs. 9.8% and 70.0% vs. 78.4%, respectively. Treatment‐related adverse events (TrAEs) of grade ≥ 3 occurring more frequently (≥10% difference) in the resminostat+S‐1 than in the placebo+S‐1 comprised platelet count decreased (18.0% vs. 2.0%) and decreased appetite (16.0% vs. 2.0%).

Conclusions

Resminostat plus S‐1 therapy improved neither PFS nor OS for patients with pre‐treated BTCs. Addition of resminostat to S‐1 was associated with higher incidence of TrAEs, but these were manageable (JapicCTI‐183883).
Potential reduction of hospital stay length with outpatient management of low‐risk febrile neutropenia in a regional cancer center
Authors: Nguyen Mike , Jacobson Tate , Torres Javier , Wann Alysson
Published: February 2021

Background

Febrile neutropenia is a serious complication of chemotherapy. The Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) risk index score identifies patients at low risk of serious complications. Outpatient management programs have been successfully piloted in other Australian metropolitan cancer centers.

Aim

To assess current management of febrile neutropenia at our regional cancer center and determine potential impacts of an outpatient management program.

Method

We performed a retrospective review of medical records for all patients admitted at our regional institution with febrile neutropenia between 1 January 2016, and 31 December 2018. We collected information regarding patient characteristics, determined the MASCC risk index score, and if low risk, we determined the eligibility for outpatient care and potential reduction in length of stay and cost benefit.

Results

A total of 98 hospital admissions were identified. Of these, 66 had a MASCC low‐risk index score. Fifty‐eight patients met the eligibility criteria for outpatient management. Seventy‐one percent were female. The most common tumor type was breast cancer. Forty‐eight percent were treated with curative intent. The median length of stay was 3 days. The median potential reduction in length of stay for each admission was 2 days. The total potential reduction in length of stay was 198 days. No admission resulted in serious complications.

Conclusion

This review demonstrates a significant number of hospital admission days can be avoided. We intend to conduct a prospective pilot study at our center to institute an outpatient management program for such low‐risk patients with potential reduction in hospital length of stay. This will have significant implications on health resource usage, service provision planning, and patient quality of life.