bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complete and durable response to crizotinib in a patient with malignant pleural mesothelioma harboring CD74-ROS1 fusion
Authors: Xie Xuehua , You Mengxing , Meng Erhong , Wang Shunyou , Niu Beifang , Huang Weiming
Published: June 2022

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and deadly malignancy with an extremely poor prognosis. The median overall survival (OS) of this disease is 12–18 months. However, the oncogenic driver mutations of MPM are rarely understood, and the targeted therapy for it is still under investigation. In this report, we describe a case of MPM with CD74-ROS1 fusion who obtains complete and durable response after receiving crizotinib. By the time of submission, the progression-free survival (PFS) with crizotinib has been 6.0 years, and the patient has survived for 7.6 years. Currently, he is still in complete remission (CR). To the best of our knowledge, this case represents the first report of CD74-ROS1 fusion identified in MPM. Meanwhile, it is also the first report of complete and long-term response to crizotinib in a patient with MPM positive for CD74-ROS1 fusion. This case report might contribute to the tumorigenesis and targeted therapy of this deadly disease.
Geomorphology and initiation mechanisms of the 2020 Haines, Alaska landslide
Authors: Darrow Margaret M. , Nelson Victoria A. , Grilliot Michael , Wartman Joseph , Jacobs Aaron , Baichtal James F. , Buxton Cindy
Published: June 2022

In early December 2020, an atmospheric river (AR) and rain-on-snow (ROS) event impacted the Haines, Alaska area, resulting in record-breaking rainfall and snowmelt that caused flooding and dozens of mass movement events. We consider the AR—a one-in-500-year event—as the trigger for the devastating Beach Road Landslide (BRLS), which destroyed or damaged four residences and took the lives of two people. The BRLS started as a debris avalanche and transitioned into a debris flow, with a total approximate landslide volume of 187,100 m3. Geomorphic analysis using lidar data identified evidence of paleo-landslides and displaced masses of rock, one of which served as the source area for the BRLS. Significant structural features in the weak ultramafic bedrock defined the head scarp area and formed the failure plane. This study illustrates the importance of identifying pre-existing landslide features and source areas likely to produce future landslides. As an increase in ROS events is projected for Southeast Alaska with warmer and wetter winters, we recommend the development of an AR scale coupled with geological information for the region, to enhance warnings to residents in landslide-prone areas.
Deciphering everyday meaning-making with Gramsci
Authors: Lems Annika
Published: June 2022

In this article, I take the principle underwriting Gramsci’s philosophy of praxis that ‘all men are philosophers’, as a point of departure to interrogate the anti-cosmopolitan everyday conceptions of the world I encountered during my fieldwork in an Austrian Alpine village in the midst of the Corona pandemic. In an attempt to understand the social and political force of such vernacular reasonings, I map the contours of a critical phenomenology of common sense. Following Gramsci’s lead, I reiterate that philosophical ideas uttered by the ‘man and woman in the street’ should be taken seriously by intellectuals. I argue that the moral and political judgements they contain do not just offer a unique basis for analysing the ways ideologies are rooted in the everyday, but also for tracing the intellectual currents underlying sedimented, exclusionary conceptions of belonging. In doing so, Gramsci’s philosophy of praxis enables phenomenologically oriented anthropologists to move beyond de-historicised and romanticised depictions of the everyday whilst keeping their focus on everyday acts of meaning-making. By analysing the anti-cosmopolitan common sense ideas I came across through a Gramscian lens, I suggest that his work can form a key avenue for deciphering the social, historical and intellectual currents propelling societal change.
Fabrication, characterization, and gamma ray shielding properties of PVA-based polymer nanocomposite
Authors: Kawady Nilly A. , Elkattan Mohamed , Salah M. , Galhoum Ahmed A.
Published: June 2022

An innovative cost-effective and lead-free polymer nanocomposite of polyvinyl alcohol/ polyvinyl pyrrolidone was developed. PVA/PVP nanocomposite film contained spherical AgCl and SnO2 nanoparticles was facilely prepared via a one-pot synthesis method. The synthesis route affords uniform dispersion of the both nanoparticles and unique features of polymer nanocomposite of insoluble, dense, and nonporous properties. The new nanocomposite achieved an efficient gamma radiation attenuation capability. The attenuation capacity for gamma photons was investigated in terms of linear and mass attenuation coefficients (µ) and (µm), respectively, at low and high energies (using 60Co and 137Cs sources). Other parameters such as half value layer (HVL), tenth value layer (TVL), and mean free path (MFP) were used to evaluate the shielding capacity. Theoretical calculation (XCOM program) results were consistent with the obtained experimental results. The results revealed that the essential thickness of the polymer nanocomposite to reduce the γ-ray intensity to 50% is 6.6, 8.9, and 9.8 cm for 662, 1173, and 1332 keV γ-ray energies, respectively. The physio-chemical properties of the polymer nanocomposite were evaluated using spectroscopic, microscopic, and thermal analysis tools. Additionally, the formation of spherical nanoparticles was elucidated using TEM. FTIR and leachability were used to confirm the stability, good durability, and chemical resistivity of the synthesized polymer nanocomposite. The nano-filler AgCl and SnO2 formation mechanism was discussed in detail.

Graphical abstract
Ugandan Men Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Nationally Representative Data
Authors: Waila Jacinta , Lule Herman , Lowery Wilson Michael , Bärnighausen Till , Abio Anne
Published: June 2022

Although women typically constitute the largest proportion of the population who experience the deleterious effects of intimate partner violence (IPV), understanding the bidirectional nature of IPV is important for developing nuanced prevention initiatives. This study examines data from the 2016 Ugandan Demographic and Health Survey. Participants were selected from households in all the 15 regions in Uganda using a two stage sampling design. A total of 2858 men who were in a heterosexual union or separated/divorced were included in the analysis. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed with the aim of identifying associations between selected demographic variables and male exposure to all forms of IPV combined, psychological violence, physical violence and sexual violence. The prevalence of lifetime IPV and during the 12 months preceeding the survey respectively was 43.6 and 30.5% in all forms, with 35.9 and 24.8% reporting psychological, 20.2 and 11.9% for physical and 8.2 and 5.7% sexual violence. The key factors associated with all forms of IPV were being afraid of their wife/partner most of the time (OR = 5.10, 95% CI 2.91, 8.96) controlling behaviour of the intimate partner (OR = 3.80, 95% CI 2.84, 5.07), bi-directional violence against the partner (OR = 3.20, 95% CI 2.49, 4.12), alcohol consumption by the intimate partner (OR = 1.85, 95% CI 1.40, 2.45). The factors associated with males who experience IPV appear to be modifiable and may warrant consideration for inclusion in programs supporting both males and females who experience IPV.
Bridging the Gap Between Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment in Science Education Research with Machine Learning — A Case for Pretrained Language Models-Based Clustering
Authors: Wulff Peter , Buschhüter David , Westphal Andrea , Mientus Lukas , Nowak Anna , Borowski Andreas
Published: June 2022

Science education researchers typically face a trade-off between more quantitatively oriented confirmatory testing of hypotheses, or more qualitatively oriented exploration of novel hypotheses. More recently, open-ended, constructed response items were used to combine both approaches and advance assessment of complex science-related skills and competencies. For example, research in assessing science teachers’ noticing and attention to classroom events benefitted from more open-ended response formats because teachers can present their own accounts. Then, open-ended responses are typically analyzed with some form of content analysis. However, language is noisy, ambiguous, and unsegmented and thus open-ended, constructed responses are complex to analyze. Uncovering patterns in these responses would benefit from more principled and systematic analysis tools. Consequently, computer-based methods with the help of machine learning and natural language processing were argued to be promising means to enhance assessment of noticing skills with constructed response formats. In particular, pretrained language models recently advanced the study of linguistic phenomena and thus could well advance assessment of complex constructs through constructed response items. This study examines potentials and challenges of a pretrained language model-based clustering approach to assess preservice physics teachers’ attention to classroom events as elicited through open-ended written descriptions. It was examined to what extent the clustering approach could identify meaningful patterns in the constructed responses, and in what ways textual organization of the responses could be analyzed with the clusters. Preservice physics teachers (N = 75) were instructed to describe a standardized, video-recorded teaching situation in physics. The clustering approach was used to group related sentences. Results indicate that the pretrained language model-based clustering approach yields well-interpretable, specific, and robust clusters, which could be mapped to physics-specific and more general contents. Furthermore, the clusters facilitate advanced analysis of the textual organization of the constructed responses. Hence, we argue that machine learning and natural language processing provide science education researchers means to combine exploratory capabilities of qualitative research methods with the systematicity of quantitative methods.
On the Proof Theory of Infinitary Modal Logic
Authors: Tesi Matteo
Published: June 2022

The article deals with infinitary modal logic. We first discuss the difficulties related to the development of a satisfactory proof theory and then we show how to overcome these problems by introducing a labelled sequent calculus which is sound and complete with respect to Kripke semantics. We establish the structural properties of the system, namely admissibility of the structural rules and of the cut rule. Finally, we show how to embed common knowledge in the infinitary calculus and we discuss first-order extensions of infinitary modal logic.
The impact of sleep disordered breathing on cardiac troponin in acutely decompensated heart failure
Authors: Light Matthew P. , Kreitinger Kimberly Y. , Lee Euyhyun , DeYoung Pamela N. , Lakhani Avni , Siegel Brent , Daniels Lori B. , Malhotra Atul , Owens Robert L.
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Sleep disordered breathing in decompensated heart failure has physiological consequences (e.g., intermittent hypoxemia) that may predispose to subclinical myocardial injury, yet a temporal relationship between sleep apnea and troponin elevation has not been established.

Methods

We assessed the feasibility of performing respiratory polygraphy and measuring overnight high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T change in adults admitted to the hospital with acutely decompensated heart failure. Repeat sleep apnea tests (SATs) were performed to determine response to optimal medical heart failure therapy. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify associations between absolute overnight troponin change and sleep apnea characteristics.

Results

Among the 19 subjects with acutely decompensated heart failure, 92% of SATs demonstrated sleep disordered breathing (apnea–hypopnea index [AHI] > 5 events/h). For those with repeat SATs, AHI increased in 67% despite medical management of heart failure. Overnight troponin increase was associated with moderate to severe sleep apnea (vs. no to mild sleep apnea, odds ratio (OR = 18.4 [1.51–224.18]), central apnea index (OR = 1.11 [1.01–1.22]), and predominantly central sleep apnea (vs. obstructive, OR = 22.9 [1.29–406.32]).

Conclusions

Sleep apnea severity and a central apnea pattern may be associated with myocardial injury. Respiratory polygraphy with serial biomarker assessment is feasible in this population, and combining this approach with interventions (e.g., positive airway pressure) may help establish if a link exists between sleep apnea and subclinical myocardial injury.
A Mixed Stochastic Approximation EM (MSAEM) Algorithm for the Estimation of the Four-Parameter Normal Ogive Model
Authors: Meng Xiangbin , Xu Gongjun
Published: June 2022

In recent years, the four-parameter model (4PM) has received increasing attention in item response theory. The purpose of this article is to provide more efficient and more reliable computational tools for fitting the 4PM. In particular, this article focuses on the four-parameter normal ogive model (4PNO) model and develops efficient stochastic approximation expectation maximization (SAEM) algorithms to compute the marginalized maximum a posteriori estimator. First, a data augmentation scheme is used for the 4PNO model, which makes the complete data model be an exponential family, and then, a basic SAEM algorithm is developed for the 4PNO model. Second, to overcome the drawback of the SAEM algorithm, we develop an improved SAEM algorithm for the 4PNO model, which is called the mixed SAEM (MSAEM). Results from simulation studies demonstrate that: (1) the MSAEM provides more accurate or comparable estimates as compared with the other estimation methods, while computationally more efficient; (2) the MSAEM is more robust to the choices of initial values and the priors for item parameters, which is a valuable property for practice use. Finally, a real data set is analyzed to show the good performance of the proposed methods.
Comparative study on the performance of solar still equipped with local clay as an energy storage material
Authors: Mohammed Ahmed H. , Attalla Mohamed , Shmroukh Ahmed N.
Published: June 2022

The paucity of freshwater is very dangerous in the coming years. Many coastal countries suffer from a scarcity of freshwater. Solar desalination is the cheapest way to produce freshwater from any type of non-drinkable water (brackish water and seawater). In this work, single-slope single-basin solar still for seawater desalination was examined under Upper Egyptian weather conditions of Qena City (latitude 26.16°, longitude 32.71°). The main goal of the work is to compare the performance of conventional solar still, solar still supported with PCM, and solar still supported with local clay material to augment the solar still yield during both daytime and nighttime periods of operation. The results demonstrated that the total production of desalinated water from the simple conventional solar still, the solar still with PCM, and the solar still with local clay reached about 3885, 4704, and 5388.6 ml/m2, respectively. Moreover, compared to the conventional solar still, the yield was increased by about 21% when using the PCM, and about 38.7% when using the local clay material. Furthermore, it can be observed that the daytime productivity in the case of solar still supported with local clay was higher than that for the solar still supported with PCM, while the nighttime productivity was higher in the case of solar still supported with PCM compared with solar still supported with local clay. Moreover, the average daily efficiency of conventional solar still, solar still with PCM, and solar still with local clay reached about 34, 41.2, and 47%, respectively. Therefore, it is recommended to use the solar still with local clay for seawater desalination in such arid and hot climate of Qena City.
Selective Absorber Coatings and Technological Advancements in Performance Enhancement for Parabolic Trough Solar Collector
Authors: Asaad Yasseen Al-Rabeeah , Istvan Seres , Istvan Farkas
Published: June 2022

Parabolic trough solar collector systems are the most advanced concentrating solar power technology for large-scale power generation purposes. The current work reviews various selective coating materials and their characteristics for different designs in concentrating solar power. Solar selective absorbing coatings collect solar radiation and convert it to heat. To promote higher efficiency and lower energy costs at higher temperatures requires, this study aims to analyse the fundamental chemistry and thermal stability of some key coatings currently being used and even under investigation to find reasons for differences, information gaps and potential for improvement in results. In recent years, several novel and useful solar absorber coatings have been developed. However, qualification test methods such as corrosion resistance, thermal stability testing and prediction of service life, which have essential technical value for large-scale solar absorbers, are lacking. Coatings are used to enhance the performance of reflectors and absorbers in terms of quality, efficiency, maintenance and cost. Differentiated coatings are required as there are no uniformly perfect materials in various applications, working conditions and material variations. Much more knowledge of the physical and chemical properties and durability of the coatings is required, which will help prevent failures that could not be discovered previously.
Einfluss der Bildschirmzeit auf die Schlafqualität Studierender
Authors: Nestler Sophie , Böckelmann Irina
Published: June 2022

Einleitung

Die regenerative Wirkung des Schlafes ist für die körperliche, kognitive, emotionale und behaviorale Tagesleistung im Studium von essenzieller Bedeutung. Neben dem Stress im Studierendenalltag nimmt auch die Nutzung der Bildschirmgeräte im Vordergrund der pandemiebedingten Onlinelehre drastisch zu. Insbesondere in den Abend- und Nachtstunden kann die erhöhte Bildschirmnutzung zu einer physischen, psychischen und kognitiven Aktivierung beitragen, was wiederum die Schlafqualität der Studierenden negativ beeinflussen kann.

Methoden

Zur Ermittlung möglicher Zusammenhänge zwischen der Bildschirmnutzung in der Onlinelehre sowie deren Auswirkungen auf die Schlafhygiene und -qualität nahmen 216 Studierende der Hochschule Magdeburg-Stendal anonym und freiwillig an der Onlinebefragung im Mai 2021 teil. Das positive Ethikvotum liegt vor.

Ergebnisse

Die allgemeine Schlafqualität der Studierendenschaft ist bei 68,9 % (n = 149) der befragten Studierenden als schlecht zu bewerten. Besonders Studierende, die vorwiegend am Abend oder in der Nacht für ihr Studium an Bildschirmgeräten arbeiteten und somit chronobiologisch eine Tendenz zu einem Abendtyp aufwiesen, neigten zu einem schlechteren Schlaf.

Diskussion

Die Auswirkungen langer Bildschirmzeiten in den Abend- und Nachtstunden können weitreichende Folgen für den Schlafrhythmus und das Bewusstsein für die körperlichen Bedürfnisse nach Pausen und Schlaf haben. Besonders die Onlinelehre in Zeiten der Coronapandemie führte zu einer Erhöhung der Bildschirmzeit neben der ebenso hohen privaten Nutzung. Daraus könnte eine weiterhin negative Beeinträchtigung der Schlafhygiene und -qualität nicht nur auf Kosten der Konzentrations- und Leistungsfähigkeit am Tage, sondern vielmehr der physischen und psychischen Gesundheit resultieren.
Microbial Dysbiosis Tunes the Immune Response Towards Allergic Disease Outcomes
Authors: Augustine Tracy , Kumar Manoj , Al Khodor Souhaila , van Panhuys Nicholas
Published: June 2022

The hygiene hypothesis has been popularized as an explanation for the rapid increase in allergic disease observed over the past 50 years. Subsequent epidemiological studies have described the protective effects that in utero and early life exposures to an environment high in microbial diversity have in conferring protective benefits against the development of allergic diseases. The rapid advancement in next generation sequencing technology has allowed for analysis of the diverse nature of microbial communities present in the barrier organs and a determination of their role in the induction of allergic disease. Here, we discuss the recent literature describing how colonization of barrier organs during early life by the microbiota influences the development of the adaptive immune system. In parallel, mechanistic studies have delivered insight into the pathogenesis of disease, by demonstrating the comparative effects of protective T regulatory (Treg) cells, with inflammatory T helper 2 (Th2) cells in the development of immune tolerance or induction of an allergic response. More recently, a significant advancement in our understanding into how interactions between the adaptive immune system and microbially derived factors play a central role in the development of allergic disease has emerged. Providing a deeper understanding of the symbiotic relationship between our microbiome and immune system, which explains key observations made by the hygiene hypothesis. By studying how perturbations that drive dysbiosis of the microbiome can cause allergic disease, we stand to benefit by delineating the protective versus pathogenic aspects of human interactions with our microbial companions, allowing us to better harness the use of microbial agents in the design of novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategies.
Renal Disease and Systemic Sclerosis: an Update on Scleroderma Renal Crisis
Authors: Cole Alice , Ong Voon H. , Denton Christopher P.
Published: June 2022

Scleroderma renal crisis (SRC) is a life-threatening complication of systemic sclerosis (SSc) with a mortality of 20% at 6 months. Once the leading cause of mortality in scleroderma (SSc), it remains a serious complication, often necessitating level three care for patients affected. Whilst renal outcomes have significantly improved following the advent of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) therapy, SRC remains a precarious challenge for clinicians, due to lack of preventative measures and the fact that patients can rapidly decline despite best medical management. Large cohort studies spanning decades have allowed clear identification of phenotypes particularly at risk of developing SRC thus allowing enhanced monitoring and early identification in those individuals. Novel urinary biomarkers for renal disease in SSc may offer a new window for early identification of SRC patients and response to treatment. Multiple studies have demonstrated increased activity of complement pathways in SRC with some anecdotal cases exhibiting serological response to treatment with eculizumab where ACEi and therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) were not successful. Endothelin-1 blockade, a therapeutic strategy in other SSc vasculopathies, has shown potential as a target but clinical trials are yet to show a clear treatment benefit. Clear guidelines for the management of SRC are in place to standardise care and facilitate early collaboration between rheumatology and renal physicians. Outcomes following renal transplant have improved but the mortality of SRC remains high, indicating the need for continued exploration of the mechanisms precipitating and exacerbating SRC in order to develop novel therapies.
Social Insurance for Long-term Care
Authors: Karagiannidou Maria , Wittenberg Raphael
Published: June 2022

The issue of how best to finance long-term care (LTC) is the subject of recent reforms, forthcoming reforms or continuing debate in various countries and remains as relevant and challenging as ever. LTC services are crucial to the wellbeing of large numbers of older adults who need help with everyday tasks.

Demand for LTC for older adults is projected to rise across developed and developing countries as the number of older adults rises. Supply of care services is likely to remain constrained due to shortages of long-term care workforce and financial constraints in many countries, and the financial risks associated with LTC remain.

Financing of LTC is a complicated issue which raises considerations of economic efficiency and incentives, equity including intergenerational equity, the balance of risk between public and private funding, and sustainability of public expenditures.

The aim of this paper is to discuss analytically the case for social insurance as an equitable and efficient way to finance LTC. The paper considers social insurance systems, especially in Germany and Japan, in comparison with safety net tax funded systems such as in England and the USA and more generous tax funded systems such as in Sweden and Denmark. Social insurance has advantages and disadvantages compared with these other systems. It tends to be associated with greater clarity and acceptability since it involves collection of revenues ear marked for LTC and, at least in principle, a link between contributions and benefits on the basis of clear eligibility criteria.
Industry 4.0-driven operations and supply chains for the circular economy: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Hettiarachchi Biman Darshana , Seuring Stefan , Brandenburg Marcus
Published: June 2022

The Industry 4.0 (I4.0) concept paves the way for the circular economy (CE) as advanced digital technologies enable sustainability initiatives. Hence, I4.0-driven CE-oriented supply chains (SCs) have improved sustainable performance, flexibility and interoperability. In order to smoothly embrace circular practices in digitally enabled SCs, quantitative techniques have been identified as crucial. Therefore, the intersection of I4.0, CE, supply chain management (SCM) and quantitative techniques is an emerging research arena worthy of investigation. This article presents a bibliometric analysis to identify the established and evolving research clusters in the topological analysis by identifying collaboration patterns, interrelations and the studies that significantly dominate the intersection of the analysed fields. Further, this study investigates the current research trends and presents potential directions for future research. The bibliometric analysis highlights that additive manufacturing (AM), big data analytics (BDA) and the Internet of Things (IoT) are the most researched technologies within the intersection of CE and sustainable SCM. Evaluation of intellectual, conceptual and social structures revealed that I4.0-driven sustainable operations and manufacturing are emerging research fields. This study provides research directions to guide scholars in the further investigation of these four identified fields while exploring the potential quantitative methods and techniques that can be applied in I4.0-enabled SCs in the CE context.
ANO10 Function in Health and Disease
Authors: Chrysanthou Androniki , Ververis Antonis , Christodoulou Kyproula
Published: June 2022

Anoctamin 10 (ANO10), also known as TMEM16K, is a transmembrane protein and member of the anoctamin family characterized by functional duality. Anoctamins manifest ion channel and phospholipid scrambling activities and are involved in many physiological processes such as cell division, migration, apoptosis, cell signalling, and developmental processes. Several diseases, including neurological, muscle, blood disorders, and cancer, have been associated with the anoctamin family proteins. ANO10, which is the main focus of the present review, exhibits both scrambling and chloride channel activity; calcium availability is necessary for protein activation in either case. Additional processes implicating ANO10 include endosomal sorting, spindle assembly, and calcium signalling. Dysregulation of calcium signalling in Purkinje cells due to ANO10 defects is proposed as the main mechanism leading to spinocerebellar ataxia autosomal recessive type 10 (SCAR10), a rare, slowly progressive spinocerebellar ataxia. Regulation of the endolysosomal pathway is an additional ANO10 function linked to SCAR10 aetiology. Further functional investigation is essential to unravel the ANO10 mechanism of action and involvement in disease development.
Intra-pericardial thrombin injection as bailout strategy in iatrogenic pericardial tamponade
Authors: Rottländer D. , Saal M. , Degen H. , Haude M.
Published: June 2022

Background

Cardiac tamponade is a rare but life-threatening complication of cardiac interventions. Despite prompt pericardiocentesis, clinical management can be challenging and sometimes haemodynamic stabilisation is difficult to achieve. Intra-pericardial thrombin injection after pericardiocentesis promotes haemostasis and acts as a sealing agent, as previously described for left ventricular free-wall rupture. We aimed to evaluate intra-pericardial thrombin injection as a bailout strategy for pericardial tamponade following percutaneous cardiac interventions.

Methods

In a 5-year single-centre retrospective analysis we identified 31 patients with cardiac tamponade due to percutaneous intracardiac procedures. Intra-pericardial thrombin injection as a bailout strategy was administered in 5 of 31 patients (16.1%).

Results

Patients receiving intra-pericardial thrombin were in a more critical state when thrombin was applied, as demonstrated by a higher rate of resuscitation (40% versus 26.9%) and a trend toward a prolonged stay in the intensive care unit (177.6 ± 84.0 vs 98.0 ± 31.4 h). None of the patients with pericardial tamponades treated with intra-pericardial thrombin needed cardiothoracic surgery. Mortality after 30 days was lower with intra-pericardial thrombin injection than with standard treatment (0% vs 15.4%). We observed no complications using intra-pericardial thrombin.

Conclusion

Intra-pericardial thrombin injection could be considered as a bailout strategy for patients with iatrogenic pericardial tamponade due to percutaneous procedures. We recommend further evaluation of this technique in the clinical management of refractory pericardial tamponade.
Covalent Immobilization of Aldehyde and Alcohol Dehydrogenases on Ordered Mesoporous Silicas
Authors: Pietricola Giuseppe , Dosa Melodj , Ottone Carminna , Fino Debora , Piumetti Marco , Tommasi Tonia
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This work studies the immobilization of two enzymes, the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and the aldehyde dehydrogenase (AldDH) both from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which could be used to produce high value-added molecules from carboxylic acids embedded in anaerobic digestate.

Methods

In particular, three mesoporous siliceous materials, with different specific surface areas and pore sizes, (MSU-H, MSU-F and MCF0.75) were used as supports for covalent immobilization. The support materials were characterized by complementary techniques. Then, after a functionalization, creating a covalent bond between the enzyme and the support was performed. The specific activity and immobilization yield of the biocatalysts were then evaluated.

Results

The best results were obtained with MSU-H and MSU-F, resulting in an immobilization yield greater than 50% in all cases, a specific activity of 0.13 IU/gsupp with the AldDH/MSU-H, 0.10 IU/gsupp with AldDH/MSU-F, 48.6 IU/gsupp with ADH/MSU-H and 12.6 IU/gsupp with ADH/MSU-H. These biocatalysts were then characterized by optimal pH and temperature and the stability factor was evaluated. With ADH/MSU-F no decrease in activity was observed after 120 h incubated at 50 °C. Finally, the biocatalysts AldDH/MSU-H and ADH/MSU-H were used to perform the reduction reaction and it was seen that after five reaction cycles the residual activity was greater than 20% in both cases.

Conclusion

The ADH and AldDH enzymes have been successfully immobilized on mesoporous siliceous supports, considerably increasing their thermal stability and being able to reuse them for several reaction cycles. The use of this immobilization and these supports is adaptable to a wide variety of enzymes.

Graphical Abstract
Adaptive Selbstregulation von Sportstudierenden: Unterscheiden sich angehende Sportlehrkräfte von Sportstudierenden mit einem anderen Berufsziel?
Authors: Fischer Britta , Poweleit André , Konowalczyk Svenja
Published: June 2022

Eine adaptive Selbstregulation gilt in der Professionsforschung zum Lehrer*innenberuf als wichtige individuelle Ressource von Lehrkräften für die Bewältigung von beruflichen Belastungen. Dies legt eine Auseinandersetzung mit der Frage nahe, über welche Regulationsprofile angehende Sportlehrkräfte hinsichtlich der Bewältigung von Anforderungen verfügen und welche Implikationen sich hiermit für die universitäre Lehrer*innenbildung ergeben. Von Interesse ist dabei nicht nur, ob Sport-Lehramtsstudierende über eher günstige oder eher ungünstige Verhaltensstile verfügen, sondern auch, ob sie Spezifika gegenüber anderen Sportstudierenden aufweisen. Die Ergebnisse einer Befragung von 851 Sportstudierenden sprechen dafür, dass sich diese zu vier verschiedenen Profilen der Selbstregulation zuordnen lassen. Signifikante Unterschiede existieren hinsichtlich der Verteilung auf diese Muster zwischen Studierenden des Lehramts und anderer sportwissenschaftlicher Studiengänge. So weisen Lehramtsstudierende mit einer höheren Wahrscheinlichkeit häufiger ein Schonungsmuster und seltener einen risikobehafteten Regulationsstil auf. Innerhalb der Subgruppe der Lehramtsstudierenden lassen sich marginale Unterschiede in der Musterverteilung in Abhängigkeit vom Geschlecht und keine Unterschiede für das Zweitfach nachweisen.
Non-epistemic values and scientific assessment: an adequacy-for-purpose view
Authors: Lusk Greg , Elliott Kevin C.
Published: June 2022

The literature on values in science struggles with questions about how to describe and manage the role of values in scientific research. We argue that progress can be made by shifting this literature’s current emphasis. Rather than arguing about how non-epistemic values can or should figure into scientific assessment, we suggest analyzing how scientific assessment can accommodate non-epistemic values. For scientific assessment to do so, it arguably needs to incorporate goals that have been traditionally characterized as non-epistemic. Building on this insight, we show how the adequacy-for-purpose framework recently developed for assessing scientific models can provide a general framework for describing scientific assessment so that it goes beyond purely epistemic considerations. Adopting this framework has significant advantages and opens the possibility of effecting a partial rapprochement between critics and proponents of the value-free ideal.
On Pharmacology and Multistability: a Commentary on Marco Pavanini
Authors: Lemmens Pieter
Published: June 2022

This is a commentary piece on Marco Pavanini's article ' ‘Multistability and Derrida’s Différance: Investigating the Relations Between Postphenomenology and Stiegler’s General Organology' in which I critically extend upon his comparative analysis of postphenomenology''s notion of multistability and Stiegler's conception of organology, focusing in particular on the pharmacological nature of Stiegler's organology and the latter's most recent re-interpretation of it in terms of entropy and negentropy. Among other things I show, and both are more intended as additions than criticisms with respect to Pavanini’s very helpful comparison, (1) that the most important concern for Stiegler in theorizing technology is the fact that the transductive relations between the three organ systems distinguished in his pharmaco-organology of technology open up affective or libidinal circuits between these systems, i.e., circuits either of desire or drive depending on the way the pharmakon is adopted or not, and that these circuits are fundamentally noetic circuits vulnerable to denoetization; and (2) that these libidinal-noetic circuits as conditioned by technology should be interpreted in terms of entropy and negentropy. Both insights are lacking in postphenomenology, which generally fails to consider the irreducibly destitutive character of all technology, rightfully emphasized by Pavanini, since it lacks a genuine pharmacological awareness.
Preparation of a ε-caprolactonic diterpenoid derivate by unexpected oxidative cleavage/lactonization of 2-oxoaustroeupatol
Authors: Chacón-Morales Pablo A. , Amaro-Luis Juan M. , Rojas Fermín Luis Beltrán , Jacquet Rémi , Deffieux Denis , Pouységu Laurent , Quideau Stéphane
Published: June 2022

From aerial parts of Austroeupatorium inulifolium was isolated the ent-nor-furano triol labdane austroeupatol 1. The compound 1 was treated with IBX showing an unexpected selectivity at the potentially oxidizable sites of the substrate yielding the 2-oxoaustroeupatol (2) and 2,19-dioxoaustroeupatol (3). The treatment of 2 with sodium periodate yields a heterocyclic derivative (ε-caprolactone derivate 4) formed by oxidative cleavage and unexpected intramolecular attack of the hydroxymethylene (C-19) oxygen to the ketonic carbon (C-2). A plausible mechanistic pathway for the obtention of compound 4 is proposed.

Graphical Abstract
Lost in translation? The European Convention on Human Rights at the Court of Arbitration for Sport
Authors: Duval Antoine
Published: June 2022

The Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) is not known as a human rights court. Instead, its primary focus is on applying and interpreting the regulations of international (and sometimes national) sport governing bodies (SGBs). It is only recently that the intersection between the CAS jurisprudence and human rights has become of interest in the academic literature and public debates. In particular, the Mutu and Pechstein decision of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) in October 2018 made clear that the CAS does not escape the indirect scrutiny of the Strasbourg court. Nevertheless, until today, very few publications have been dedicated to the interplay between the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and the CAS. This paper aims to contribute to remedying this want by charting the CAS awards in which a reference to the ECHR or a decision of the ECtHR was made and tracing the impact and function of such references in the CAS jurisprudence. The findings highlight the various functions of the references to the ECHR in CAS awards, the discrepancies between some of the interpretations of the ECHR advanced by the CAS and the ECtHR’s own understanding of the Convention, and the limited success of appellants to challenge SGBs’ decisions on the basis of the ECHR. The paper concludes by arguing that the CAS would need to be institutionally reformed in order for human rights to act as an effective check on the transnational power of SGBs in CAS proceedings.
Informationsüberflutung am Arbeitsplatz
Authors: Kersten Norbert , Junghanns Gisa
Published: June 2022

Hintergrund

Der psychischen Belastung kommt in unserer Arbeitswelt eine hohe Bedeutung zu, da sie Auswirkungen auf die Beanspruchung und damit auch auf das gesundheitliche Geschehen haben kann. Deshalb wird sie in der sogenannten Gefährdungsbeurteilung berücksichtigt. Voraussetzung für die Ermittlung von Gefährdungen und der Entwicklung von wirksamen Maßnahmen ist, dass die konkreten psychischen Belastungsfaktoren der Arbeit bekannt sind bzw. deren gesundheitliche Bedeutung ermittelt wurde. Eine gezielte Änderung von Arbeitsbedingungen, die sich als gesundheitlich bedeutsam erwiesen haben und somit eine Gefährdung darstellen, sollte gesundheitliche Zielgrößen wie gesundheitliche Beschwerden positiv beeinflussen.

Material und Methoden

Die vorliegende Studie prüft auf der Basis der Daten der BAuA-Arbeitszeitbefragungen 2015 und 2019 im Längsschnitt den Zusammenhang von gesundheitlichen Beschwerden und dem Erleben von Informationsüberflutung. Die Analysen wurden in Form binomialer logistischer Regressionsmodelle adjustiert nach Alter und beruflicher Stellung ausgeführt.

Ergebnisse

Bei den meisten in dieser Studie geprüften Beschwerdearten zeigte sich mit zunehmender Häufigkeit des Erlebens von Informationsüberflutung über die Zeit ein Ansteigen der Beschwerdeprävalenz bzw. eine Abnahme der Beschwerdeprävalenz bei sinkender Häufigkeit der Informationsüberflutung.

Diskussion

Bei allen berücksichtigten Beschwerdearten hat das Erleben von Informationsüberflutung Konsequenzen für die Gesundheit und erweist sich somit als ein ernst zu nehmender Gefährdungsfaktor im Arbeitsleben, der bei der Ermittlung von Gefährdungen im Rahmen des Arbeitsschutzes berücksichtigt werden sollte. Um das Niveau der Belastung durch hohe Informationsmengen zu verringern bzw. um Arbeit gesundheitsgerecht zu gestalten, sind Maßnahmen erforderlich, die an den Ursachen der Informationsüberflutung und deren Bedingungen am Arbeitsplatz ansetzen.
Intelligent Operation Monitoring of an Ultra-Precision CNC Machine Tool Using Energy Data
Authors: Selvaraj Vignesh , Xu Zhicheng , Min Sangkee
Published: June 2022

Ultra-precision CNC machine tools play a significant role in the machining of precision dies and molds, optics, consumer electronics, etc., Due to the nature of ultra-precision machining, a subtle change in process condition, machine anomalies, etc. may significantly influence the machining outcome. Hence, continuous monitoring of the equipment’s operation is required to better understand the variations associated with the process and the machine. The conventional monitoring platform requires comprehensive data analysis using multiple sensors, and controller data to detect, diagnose, and prognose machine and process conditions. This increases the cost and complexity of installing a monitoring platform. The energy consumption data contains valuable information that could be potentially used to identify machine and process variations. The information can also be used to develop potential energy-saving strategies in an effort towards Green Manufacturing. This paper proposes an intelligent energy monitoring method using a 1-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) to effortlessly and accurately obtain the working status information of the machine with minimal retrofitting. The 1D-CNN uses the energy consumption data to determine the equipment’s operation status by identifying the working components and the feed rate of the moving axis. The hyper-parameters of the developed model were optimized to improve the prediction accuracy. The paper also compares different Deep Learning and Machine Learning algorithms to gauge their effective performance in this application. Finally, the model with the highest accuracy was validated on a 5-axis ultra-precision CNC machine tool. Results show that 1D-CNN performs better than multi-layer neural networks and machine learning algorithms in processing time-series datasets. The classification accuracy of 1D-CNN on the detection of operation status and feed rate of each axis can reach 95.7 and 91.4%, respectively. Further studies are currently in progress to improve prediction accuracy of the model, and to detect subtle changes in energy consumption which would enable identification of the machine and process anomalies.
‘Scaffolding’ or ‘Filtering’: A Review of Studies on the Diverse Roles of Calculus Courses for Students, Professionals and Teachers
Authors: Biza Irene , González-Martín Alejandro S. , Pinto Alon
Published: June 2022

Calculus courses have been attracting the attention of mathematics education researchers over the last decades. Recent publications and special issues dedicated to calculus highlight the diverse roles of calculus courses in the pathways for STEM studies within and across educational levels, as well as issues related to the academic preparation of future STEM professionals, including mathematicians, non-mathematics professionals (NMPs) and teachers. In this paper, we review recent literature, mostly since 2015, to identify and characterize explicit references to such diverse roles of calculus courses. The review highlights an intrinsic tension between two institutional roles of calculus: scaffolding and filtering. We find nuanced yet substantial variation in how the dual role of calculus is experienced and managed across different groups of students and stakeholders. With regard studies on calculus for mathematics students, recent studies attend to changes in the rules underpinning calculus notions and processes, and highlight the scaffolding potential of calculus courses towards abstraction and reasoning. In contrast, studies on calculus for NMPs report that such courses often promote filtering rather than scaffolding and question transferability and relevance of those courses for NMPs. Finally, studies challenge the perception that traditional tertiary calculus courses scaffold school teaching and underline the need for empirical research that would explain the nature of this scaffolding and how it can be realized in practice. We conclude that further empirical research, in particular theory development, is needed to address the diverse roles of calculus at the intersection of institutions, disciplines and communities.
Distance Learning in Cameroon: Case Study of Private Nursery School Children's Experiences and Challenges Amidst COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: Fenmachi Emela Achu , Edah Rachel Ogene Awah
Published: June 2022

This article analyses data from a study that explored distance learning teaching and nursery school children's experiences in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Douala, Cameroon. Following the spread of COVID-19 to Africa, the Cameroon Government placed emphasis on the impact of the pandemic on the socio-economic sector and actions to support this sector. There has been no reported research on the effects of the pandemic on the early childhood education sector and how children have experienced it. This article discusses distance learning techniques employed by teachers from a private nursery school and the views and feelings of young children whose teacher encouraged them to draw and tell stories about their experiences. Engaging in such conversations empowered and encouraged children to verbalise their COVID-19 Lockdown experiences. These conversations can help the teacher rethink and seek new ways to understand and guide children through challenging situations. In addition, the insights gained from the study can be helpful for policymakers concerned with maximising the capacity for schools and families to ensure continuous learning for all children in the event of a crisis.
How to Escape from Model Platonism in Economics: Critical Assumptions, Robust Conclusions, and Approximate Explanations
Authors: Albert Max
Published: June 2022

About sixty years ago, Hans Albert criticized economists for their “model platonism”, a methodological attitude that immunizes theoretical models against empirical criticism. Since then, economics has taken an empirical turn; yet, model platonism lingers on. The root of the problem is economists’ reluctance to distinguish explicitly between the law-like and the situational assumptions of their models. Without this distinction, it is impossible to give a satisfactory account of the interplay between theory and empirical investigations. Based on Hans Albert’s critical rationalism, the paper explains how making the distinction allows economists to escape from model platonism. By identifying critical situational assumptions and robust conclusions, economists can, and sometimes do, find approximate explanations even though they cannot completely avoid unrealistic simplifications.