bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine learning accelerates design of single-molecule magnets for magnetocaloric applications
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: June 2019

Machine learning models improve design process for new single-molecule magnets by predicting their isothermal magnetic entropy change.
Patient-Subject Constructions in Mandarin Chinese
Authors: Xiaoling He
Published: June 2019

As a distinctive syntactic structure in Mandarin Chinese, the Patient-Subject Construction (PSC) is one of the most interesting but least well-understood structures in the language. This book offers a comprehensive account of the history, structure, meaning and use of the PSC. Unlike previous descriptions which were framed in terms of pre-existing grammatical notions such as ‘topicalization’, ‘passivization’ and ‘ergativization’, this book offers a fresh look at the PSC, in which its syntactic and semantic as well as its discourse functions are examined within the system of major construction-types of the language as a whole. The PSC, being low in transitivity, serves primarily the function of backgrounding in discourse. Typologically, the PSC bears a resemblance to middle constructions in Indo-European and other languages, raising interesting questions about ways to understand congruent and divergent syntactic structures across the world’s languages. This book will be of interest to students of Chinese Linguistics as well as Language Typology.
Adaptive control and brain plasticity
Authors: Beatty-Martínez Anne L. , Dussias Paola E.
Published: June 2019

A central question in cognitive neuroscience concerns how individuals’ cognitive abilities are shaped by learning from experience. This paper presents a critical overview of the discoveries that have emerged from the study of bilingualism, and the implications that they hold for language, cognition, and the brain. In particular, we review the range of cognitive control processes that appear to be influenced by bilingualism and the theoretical frameworks that have been proposed to account for the differences between bilinguals and monolinguals as well as among bilinguals themselves. We discuss current research directions on the consequences of bilingualism, and report emerging findings on the role of bilingual experience in the adaptation of the bilingual language system.
Predicting executive functions in bilinguals using ecologically valid measures of code-switching behavior
Authors: Hofweber Julia , Marinis Theodoros , Treffers-Daller Jeanine
Published: June 2019

One of the factors claimed to impact executive functions in bilinguals is code-switching. New insights into how exactly code-switching affects executive functions can be obtained if attention is paid to the kind of code-switching bilinguals engage in, and not just the frequency of code-switching. This raises the question of how code-switching habits can be assessed in experimental research. This study presents two ecologically valid, yet efficient, methods of assessing code-switching habits: a frequency judgment task based on authentic stimuli, and a bilingual email production task. The two tasks converged in revealing differences in dense code-switching in two groups of German-English bilinguals. Moreover, the frequency judgment task predicted code-switching frequency in the ecologically more valid email production task. Importantly, both tasks revealed code-switching patterns that explained group differences observed in executive performance. The bilinguals engaging in frequent dense code-switching excelled at the aspect of executive functions (conflict monitoring) predicted to be related to code-switching based on existing processing models. Hence, both methods are recommended for use as code-switching measurements in bilingualism research.
Research on individual differences in executive functions
Authors: Friedman Naomi P.
Published: June 2019

Executive functions (EFs), such as response inhibition, interference control, and set shifting, are general-purpose control mechanisms that enable individuals to regulate their thoughts and behaviors. Because bilingual individuals use EF-like processes during language control, researchers have become interested in the hypothesis that this use might train EFs, resulting in better performance on non-linguistic EF tasks. Although this bilingual advantage hypothesis seems straightforward to test, it involves a number of important decisions in terms of how to assess bilingualism and EFs. In this article, I focus on the complexity of measuring EFs, drawing on individual differences research (conducted with participants not selected for bilingualism). Specifically, I discuss issues related to (1) the measurement of EFs (particularly the effects of task impurity and unreliability) and (2) the multicomponent nature of EFs. Within each of these topics, I elaborate on consequences for research on bilingual advantages and provide some recommendations.
Does performance on executive function tasks correlate?
Authors: Poarch Gregory J. , van Hell Janet G.
Published: June 2019

Recent discussion has questioned how well standard executive function tasks tap executive function processes and the convergent validity across executive function tasks. The present study reanalyses data from a study on executive function in children (Poarch & van Hell, 2012a), building empirically on enhanced performance on executive function tasks (Simon & ANT) of bilingual children compared to monolingual children. Specifically, in the original study, the Simon effect and ANT executive control effect differed across groups with bilinguals and trilinguals showing enhanced conflict resolution over monolinguals and second language learners. This outcome is in line with the view that enhanced executive function in bilingual children stems from their permanent need to monitor, control, and shift between two languages. However, the results from the reanalyses indicate that children’s performance on the two executive function tasks did not correlate significantly, which is discussed, amongst other factors, against the backdrop of exogenous and endogenous inhibitory processes that are differentially invoked by the specific nature of the two tasks.
Potential of close to nature forest management approaches in tropical forest plantations.
Authors: Maennicke G. , Griess V. C.
Published: June 2019

Tropical forests worldwide are facing major challenges from climate change, land conversion and the use of unsustainable timber harvesting practices. With greater understanding of the negative consequences associated with destructive exploitation as seen over past centuries, as well as an increasing awareness of the importance of managing forests for multiple objectives in a sustainable way, there has been a renewed interest in adopting Close to Nature (CTN) forestry practices in the tropics. However, CTN practices are rarely used in tropical plantation forestry today. This review examines the principles of CTN forestry and how they could be applied in tropical plantation forests. Additionally, CTN techniques that have been applied in temperate and boreal forests are evaluated for their usefulness in the tropics. While the silvics of many tropical species need to be further investigated to provide researchers with more concrete information regarding the likely effects of CTN forestry practices, the potential of these approaches is very high, specifically for meeting multiple forest management objectives concurrently.
A multi-stage approach for DBD modelling
Authors: Cristofolini Andrea , Popoli Arturo
Published: June 2019

A multi-stage numerical technique for the assessment of Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) in atmospheric pressure air is presented. The model is conceived to work on the characteristic times of heavy species. The dynamics of the heavy species are computed with a 2D drift-drift diffusion model, based on a Finite Volume approach. A non-linear Poisson solver is employed for the calculation of the electric field produced by the heavy species and electrons distributions. This latter is assumed to instantly follow the Boltzmann distribution, allowing limiting the transport model to the heavy species. The main chemical reactions taking place during the discharge process between the air chemical constituents are included in the model, whereas the effects of the impact ionization are accounted by means of a simplified 1D streamer model.
Calculation of electron-impact excitation and ionisation cross sections and reaction rate coefficients for C, N and O atoms
Authors: Hleli Ali , Riahi Riadh , Teulet Philippe , Cressault Yann , Ghalila Hassen
Published: June 2019

This work concerns the calculation of electron-impact excitation and ionisation cross sections and reaction rate coefficients for carbon, nitrogen and oxygen atoms. Several analytical formulas proposed in the literature are used to calculate cross sections and rate coefficients for excitation of optically allowed and parity/spin forbidden transitions and for ionisation from electronic levels of the atoms. Theoretical calculations are then compared with each other and confronted to available experimental cross sections in order to deduce the most accurate analytic rate coefficient formula, which will be used in the implementation of Collisional-Radiative (CR) model for C-N-O-containing plasmas. The cross section and the reaction rate database created will be used in the development of a multi-temperature CR model allowing the determination of the population number densities inside an electric arc generated between two graphite electrodes and dedicated to the synthesis of carbon nanoparticles.
Numerical optimization of Mean Absorption Coefficient in Air using Planck Modified Mean Function
Authors: Kabbaj N , Cressault Y , Teulet P , Reichert F , Petchanka A
Published: June 2019

The Divergence of Radiative Flux (DRF) is the term present in the energy balance of the plasma that describes the radiative behavior of the arc. This property is obtained by the resolution of the Radiative Transfer Equation (RTE). Because of its complexity, many approximate methods are developed to reduce the computational time. This paper will describe the approximate methods already used in numerical simulation: Net Emission Coefficient (NEC) and Mean Absorption Coefficient (MAC). This last property requires having a good definition of spectral ranges and mean functions to have a physical representation of radiative losses. In this paper, the spectral ranges will be defined from the continuum of the absorption coefficient and Planck Modified Mean Function (PMMF) will be used to calculate MACs. This mean function requires a good definition of the characteristic absorption length R.

In this paper, we will develop an optimization methodology that allows finding the best R in order to have an accurate DRF using MACs. To quantify the accuracy of these approximate methods, a 1D resolution of RTE will be performed in the case of Air plasma at P=1bar in Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (LTE). The exact DRF solution will be considered as a reference when compared with the DRF of approximate methods.
A Simple Theory for Cathode Jets in Plasma Arcs
Authors: Abdo Youssef , Rohani Vandad , Fulcheri Laurent
Published: June 2019

In this paper, we propose a simple and practical method for the modeling of the local and total magnetic force generated at the cathode. We prove that, if the current density profile obeys the same distribution along the axial-direction, the axial force depends only on the total current and the ratio of the arc spot radius to the radius of the arc column. We also provide an estimate for that the radial force. The power generated by Joules heating is also inserted as a term source in the energy balance equation. The use of source terms is very attractive for large scale industrial applications as it prevents from solving Maxwell’s equations that require fine meshing in the arc region and imprecise boundary conditions. It also helps to circumvent the extra complications in computation that are related to the cathode and anode falls. In the case of a mono-phase or 3-phase arc, if steady-state simulations are desired, a time-average is calculated.
Deficit irrigation for rice farming with production risk due to weather variability
Authors: Wibowo R P , Sumono  , Rizaldi T
Published: June 2019

Deficit irrigation is one of the keys in overcoming the problem of weather variability and limited water resources. Farmers can reduce the amount of irrigation water use without affecting too much on the productivity of rice plants by using deficit irrigation. The level of deviation of rice production increases when the water level changes between the ranges of 0-2.5 cm. The tendency to decrease from the level of deviation of agricultural production is seen when the water level increases in the range of 2.5-10 cm. At a water level of 12.5 cm there is a considerable increase in deviation. However, there was a significant decrease in the level of deviation of rice production when the water level was at 15 cm. Based on this, it can be concluded that the risk management of rice production will be better when the water level is above 2.5 cm and below 15 cm. The results of this study not only can be used for the development of risk-based farmers’ decision models but can also be used as input for the development of government policies in resource sharing and development of agricultural insurance
Diversification of products derived from maize for the sustainable welfare of the people in Gorontalo province, Indonesia
Authors: Hasan A M , Halid A , Ahmad L , Hasdiana  , Ilato R.
Published: June 2019

Processing industry contribution in each commodity can add value for forward linkages and backward linkages. The economic condition of Gorontalo province is as follow: contribution of regional GDP in education service is 9%, financial and insurance services’ contribution is 8%, and agricultural sector’s contribution is 4%. This shows an economic growth anomaly, where the agricultural sector as a leading sector has yet significantly contributed toward the gross regional domestic product of Gorontalo province. Our gross regional domestic product per capita is only IDR. 9,544,583 with 17.30% of poor population workforce productivity are in the 30th rank. Maize is a commodity potential to be developed into various derivative products with high economic value. This is study expected to contribute to the local government in increasing the competitive advantages and economic motor for the community in the region, as well as contribute to the private sector in developing various derivative products from maize commodity. This study uses quantitative descriptive method which constitute of desk study and secondary data analysis, workshop, and meeting with related stakeholders, development of study design for value chain actors, presentation, and result discussion to formulate the master plan and development model for various maize commodity products.
Comparing energy demand of densified briquettes of ground and unground hazelnut husks under compression loading
Authors: Demirel C , Gurdil G A K , Kabutey A , Wasserbauer M
Published: June 2019

The study compared the energy consumption (J) of briquettes produced from the ground and unground hazelnut husks using a universal compacting machine and a pressing chamber of 60 mm diameter with a plunger. Other parameters evaluated were deformation (mm), thickness (mm) and hardness (kN/mm). The analysis of variance results proved that the applied force, material type and interaction had a significant effect (P< 0.05 or F-ratio >F-critical) on energy requirement of briquettes compaction from the ground and unground hazelnut husks. Ground hazelnut husks briquettes consumed more energy compared to unground hazelnut husks briquettes. The study is still ongoing where the varying effects of moisture content and particles size on energy demand and other biomass densification properties are under consideration. Therefore, the results presented here are preliminary.
Repetitive loading of unroasted bulk palm kernels using UCTM for analysing optimum percentage kernel oil recovery and energy demand
Authors: Kabutey A , Herak D , Brunerova A , Sigalingging R
Published: June 2019

Repetitive loading test of bulk palm kernels (unroasted) was conducted to determine the percentage kernel oil yield and energy demand using the universal compression testing machine (UCTM) of the maximum load of 200 kN and speed of 5 mm min−1. Pressing vessels of varying diameters (60, 80 and 100 mm) with a plunger were used together with the UCTM. The bulk palm kernels initial height of 60 mm was repeatedly compressed until permanent deformation was reached. The total amounts of mass of kernel oil leakage, deformation, percentage kernel oil and energy were measured/calculated. The main part of the study will be done using the mechanical screw press Farmer 20 - duo (Farmer 20, Farmet a.s., Ceska Skalice, Czech Republic) to determine the optimum processing conditions for achieving maximum kernel yield and specific energy requirement.
Drying characteristic of unhulled rice in biomass energy and combination rotary dryer
Authors: Rindang A , Panggabean S , Sukoco A , Ayu P C
Published: June 2019

Drying of agricultural products aimed to extend the shelf life. The moisture content of the unhulled rice must be lowered to a limit of 14% to be able to maintain the quality and avoid post-harvest damage. Ciherang variety unhulled rice has been dried using biomass energy rotary dryer and biomass-heater combination for 180 minutes. In this study, several drying characteristics of unhulled rice have been analyzed including the determination of water content and the drying rate. The exponential equation illustrated the relationship between the unhulled rice water content (%) and the drying time (minutes), MC = 23.279 e−0.002t and MC = 27.255 e−0.004t respectively for the stage 1 decline drying rate in biomass energy and combination, while at the decline drying rate stage 2 found MC = 22.209 e−0.002t and MC = 27.576 e−0.004t respectively in biomass energy and combination. The relationship between unhulled rice drying rate (dM/dt) and drying time (minutes) was illustrated by the exponential equation v = 0.0466 e−0.002t and v = 0.109 e−0.004t respectively for the decline drying rate stage 1 in biomass energy and combination while at the decline drying rate stage 2, v = 0.0444 e−0.002t and v = 0.0775 e−0.003t respectively in biomass energy and combination.
Nutrient quality of oil palm frond fermented by local microorganism (MOL) with different dosage and incubation time
Authors: Tafsin M , Hanafi N D , Yunilas  , Mulianda R
Published: June 2019

This research purpose to know the effect of fermented feed processing technology with different dosage and incubation time towards nutrient quality of oil palm frond. The design used in the research was the factorial completely randomized design with three replicates. The treatment consist of four dosage of MOL, namely 0; 0.2; 0.4; and 0.6% for the first factor, and the second factor is incubation of time 7; 14; 21 days. The research results showed that the utilization of MOL with can significantly (P<0.05) improve nutrient quality base on proximate analysis and also on neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) content. It is concluded that utilization of MOL can improve nutrient quality based on proximate analysis and also on neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) content. Utilization MOL 0.6% with incubation time 21 days show the best combination treatment to improve OPF for ruminant feed.
The effect of fed maggot meal as a supplement in the commercial diets on the performance of finisher broiler chickens
Authors: Dillak S Y F G , Suryatni N P F , Handayani H T , Temu S T , Nastiti H P , Osa D B , Ginting R , Yunilas  , Henuk Y L
Published: June 2019

An experiment was conducted for 30 days to evaluate the performance of finisher broiler chickens fed maggot meal as a supplement in the commercial diets on their performance of finisher broiler chickens. Maggot meal was analysed to contain 40.12% CP, 10.97% CF, 6.88% EE, 15.88% ash. The four treatments used in this experiment were: (1) T0: commercial ration without maggot meal; (2) T1: commercial ration with 75% maggot meal; (3) T2: commercial ration with 50% maggot meal; and (4) T3: commercial ration added with 25% maggot meal. Statistical analyses showed that the treatments did not affect (P<0.05) feed consumption. However, they did effect (P>0.05) daily weight gain and feed efficiency of the birds. Maggot supplementation could reduce 25% commercial ration fed to broiler chickens.
Reproductive performance of buffalo-cows with various synchronization protocols in kampar regency of Riau province
Authors: Yendraliza  , Handoko J , Rodiallah M
Published: June 2019

The aim of this research was to compare two estrus synchronization treatments with no estrus synchronization on estrous performance, pregnancy rate and calving rate in buffalo-cows in Kampar district. A total of 60 buffalo-cows from farming communities in the villages of Tanjung, Taratak, and Salo, Kampar Regency. Variations of the estrous sync protocol included PGF2α-PGF2α and GnRH-PGF2α administered as treatments. The controls used were without the use of hormonal sync protocol. The parameters observed were the intensity of estrous, estrous percentage, onset of estrous, duration of estrous, pregnancy percentage, calving rate, duration of pregnancy, and birth weight. The results showed that there were differences [p <0.05] estrous intensity, estrous percentage [100%], estrous velocity [30.8 hours to 2.5 hours], and duration of estrous [18.6 hours to 6.5 hours]. This study concluded that the synchronization protocols of the combination of GnRH and PGF2α in post-partum buffalo-cows in Kampar Regency resulted in high estrous intensity, faster estrous appearance, and faster estrous duration.
Environmental performance, voluntary disclosure, and corporate value
Authors: Bukit R B , Nurlaila
Published: June 2019

This study aims to investigate the effect of environmental performance on corporate value through voluntary disclosure. This study tests all mining companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2011-2015. The data analysis method used in this research is path analysis. This study shows the direct influence of environmental performance on company value, and also on voluntary disclosure. However, the indirect influence shows that voluntary disclosure is unable to mediate the relationship between environmental performance and company value.
Effect of pre-treatment in the making of purple-fleshed sweet potato flour towards cake characteristics
Authors: Chuango K , Julianti E , Ginting S
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this research was to find the effect of pre-treatment in the making of purple flesh sweet potato flour on cakes quality. The research was using factorial randomized block design with one factor, the methods of pre-treatment namely (P): (blanching, 2000 ppm soaking in sodium metabisulphite, soaking in 2000 ppm sodium metabisulphite followed by blanching and control). The results showed that the pre-treatment had highly significant effect on the colour value L, a, b and ºhue, browning index, water content and organoleptic test value of colour and had no significant effect on bulk density and organoleptic test value of aroma of the purple-fleshed sweet potato flour. The best cake was the cake made with purple-fleshed sweet potato flour with pre-treatment of blanching with 495.62 mg/L anthocyanin content, 274.08 µg/ml antioxidant activity (IC50), 22.9% moisture content and accepted organoleptic values. The result finding suggests that purple-fleshed sweet potato flour is recommended as alternative flour in producing cakes.
The effect of addition of andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC) on the quality of andaliman condiment
Authors: Pa E T , Sinaga H , Ridwansyah
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this research was to introduce the traditional food in North Sumatera and to find the effect of andaliman addition on the quality and organoleptic acceptance of condiment. The research was conducted using a non-factorial randomized block design with andaliman addition (2%, 4%, 6% and 8%) of mixture of seasoning as the factor. The results showed that the different addition of andaliman very significant different (P < 0.01) effect on organoleptic score of colour and significantly different (P < 0.05) from the moisture content, ash content, ascorbic acid, organoleptic score of bitterness, organoleptic score of taste but giving effect is not significantly different (P > 0.05) from pH value and organoleptic score of flavour.
Diversity and habitat condition of Tor Fish (Tor spp.) in the upstream of Wampu Waters, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Desrita  , Tamba I S , Muhtadi A , Ariyanti J , Leidonald R
Published: June 2019

The upstream of Wampu Waters is a habitat for various fish species including Tor spp fish. Fluctuating conditions of habitat will greatly affect the existence of fish as diversity, uniformity, dominance, and abundance of fish. This research was conducted to determine of the condition of habitat and diversity of Tor spp fish in the upstream of Wampu waters. Measurement of habitat conditions by measuring current velocity, depth, temperature, visibility, DO and pH. The method was used n this research is descriptive post facto with fishing using backpack electrofishing units, 12 volts and 9 amperes of battery with the multiple-pass depletion operation technique. Habitat conditions in both research locations are good and appropriate to support the life of fish of Tor spp. Tor fish species was found are Tor soro and Tor tambroides with low fish diversity index of Tor spp of 0.5 for the Bahorok River and 0.61 for the Berkail River, lowest evenness index of 0.09 was found in the Bahorok River and 0.11 in the Berkail River and lowest dominance index of 0.17 were found in the Bahorok River and 0.2 in the Berkail River.
Community structure of echinoderms in seagrass ecosystem of Pandaratan Beach, Tapanuli Tengah Regency, North Sumatera
Authors: Susetya I E , Wahyuni S , Fadhilah A , Harahap Z A , Yusni E , Saridu S A
Published: June 2019

This study aimed to determine the community structure of echinoderms and how it related to seagrass cover and water chemical and physical parameters in Pandaratan Beach, Tapanuli Tengah Regency. The research was conducted from Maret to April 2018. Data analysis included community structure analysis and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The result showed that there were seven species of echinoderms from four classes in Pandaratan Beach. The station I had the highest composition of echinoderms, while the lowest noted at station II. The highest abundance of 77 ind/m2 was found at the station I and the lowest of 44 ind/m2 was at station III. The highest diversity index was recorded at the station I, while the highest evenness and dominance index was at station II. Water quality of the waters was still in capacity to support the life of echinoderms. Based on PCA analysis, it was obtained that the abundance of echinoderms was positively correlated with seagrass cover, DO, depth, and phosphate.
Biology and growth of Asiatic Hard Clam (Meretrix meretrix) population in Tanjung Balai, North Sumatera
Authors: Desrita  , Susetya I E , Suriani M , Rahman A
Published: June 2019

Asiatic hard clam (Meretrix meretrix) was one of molluscs (bivalve) with economical value. However, fishing activities were presumed to cause a decline in population. This condition was strengthened by the size of the clam which became smaller nowadays. The purpose of this study was to determine spatial distribution of M. meretrix, length distribution, and length-weight relationship. The study was conducted at 3 stations, consisted of Station I at Asahan River estuary which was located by mangrove forest, Station II at the sea and Station III at the waters near mainland of Batu Bara Regency. Estimation growth of M. meretrix was examined following FISAT II method. The density of M. meretrix was dominant at Station I which was low in salinity and high in organic matter. The class interval of 23-34 mm at station I dominated length distribution. Length-weight relationship was found to be very strong with determinant value approaching
Relationship between coral reef ecosystem and coral fish communities in Unggeh Island Central Tapanuli Regency
Authors: Harahap Z A , Gea Y H , Susetya I E
Published: June 2019

Coral reef ecosystems in Unggeh Island waters have recently declined in quality due to natural factors and human activities. The declining quality can affect the biota of the coral reef ecosystem, such as coral reef fish. Coral reef fish belong to the groups of fish whose lives are associated with the coral reef ecosystem environment. This study aims to determine the abundance and diversity of coral reef fish and the relationship between abundance of coral reef fish and the percentage of coral cover in Unggeh Island Waters, Badiri District, Central Tapanuli Regency, North Sumatra. This research was conducted in December 2017 and April 2018. The method used to observe the coral was Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) method. And the method used to observe the coral reef fish was Underwater Visual Census (UVC) method. To determine the relationship between coral cover and coral reef fish was by using a simple linear regression equation. The results showed that the relationship of coral cover with coral reef fish was in the correlation value (R) of 0.418.
The effects of potassium, nitrogen and straw compost giving to increase organic material levels and k-exchangeable rice fields and rice growth
Authors: Aminah S , Hanum H , Sarifuddin
Published: June 2019

Potasium and nitrogen fertilization accompanied by the application of rice straw compost is expected to improve the chemical properties of rice fields and the growth of rice plants. The purpose of this research is to find out the effect of potassium, nitrogen and straw compost fertilizer on increasing C-organic, organic matter and K-exchangeable soil and the growth of rice plants. This research was conducted in the rice field area of Cengkeh Turi village, Binjai City (± 32 m asl) from March-July 2018. This study used factorial randomized block design method with 3 Factors: Potassium (KCL): 0. 25. 50 and 75 kg ha−1; Nitrogen (Urea): dosage for farmers (250 kg ha−1) and LCC recommendations (315 kg ha−1); straw compost Treatment: without compost straw (0 t ha−1) and straw compost (5 t ha−1). The results showed that the application of potassium, nitrogen and straw compost had no significant effect on increasing levels of C-organic, organic matter and K-exchangeable paddy soil. However. There was an increase in nutrient status from very low to low. While there is a significant effect on plant height and number of tillers per clump at 2 weeks after planting and shoot dry weight of rice plants.
Application of phosphate solubilizing fungi and various sources of P-Fertilizers toward P-Available and P Nutrient content of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) in andisol soil
Authors: Silitonga N , Sembiring M , Marbun P , Rosneli
Published: June 2019

Andisol is a soil formed from volcanic ash and has a problem with low P availability in the soil. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of phosphate solubilizing fungi, various sources of P fertilizer and phosphate solubilizing fungi interactions to increase P availability and soybean plant growth in Andisol soil. The research was carried out at the Faculty of Agriculture Greenhouse and USU Soil Biology Laboratory, Medan 2018. This research used Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 2 Treatment Factors and 3 replications. The first factor is phosphate solubilizing fungi, namely; M0 (without application of PSF), M1 (5g Talaromyces pinophilus), M2 (5g Aspergilus terreus), M3 (2.5g Talaromyces pinophilus + 2,5g Aspergilus terreus). The second factor is various sources of P fertilizer, namely; P0 (Without application P), P1 (0.78g TSP), P2 (1g SP36) and P3 (1.3g RP). The research results showed that the application of phosphate solubilizing fungi and P fertilizer could increase the availability of P as much as 1.4-15.4%, plant dry weight as much as 21.6-42% and plant P content as much as 1.3-8.9%. The best treatment was the interaction of Talaromyces pinophilus with SP36.
Germination seed of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) on some osmotic solutions
Authors: Haryati
Published: June 2019

Cocoa seeds are classified as recalcitrant seeds that quickly lose their growing power after being harvested and stored. This relates to the procurement of seeds for plantations whose location is quite far from the source of the seed. This study aims to determine the effect of some osmotic solutions on cocoa seed germination that has undergone storage. The study was conducted at the Seed Technology Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of North Sumatra using a randomized block design with 2 treatment factors. The first factor was osmotic solution, namely: control (without osmotic solution), distilled water, 50% coconut water, 100% coconut water, 5% PEG and 10% PEG. The second factor is the storage time at room temperature, namely: control (0 days), 2 days, 4 days and 6 days. The results of this research showed that the osmotic solution used significantly improved the germination of cocoa seeds as indicated by the increase the vigor index. The osmotic solution of coconut water significantly increases the vigor index of seeds that have been stored for 2 days from 3.61 to 5.75.
Effect of soil tillage methods and cattle fertilizer of cow on increasing sweet corn (Zea mays saccharate sturt) production
Authors: Ginting J
Published: June 2019

Sweet corn production is relatively low in Indonesia. To increase production one of the efforts that can be done is to improve the method of soil tillage and by giving doses of cattle fertilizers. The study was conducted in Asam Kumbang Village, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. The research design used was the Splite Plot Design. Treatment factors consist of factors of soil treatment method and factor of cattle fertilizers. The factor of the soil treatment method consists of 3 levels: T1 = No soil tillage. T2 = soil tillage one time. T3 = soil tillage two times. The factor of cattle fertilizers consists of 4 levels: K1 = Inorganic fertilizer/ha (200 kg Urea.100 kg TSP, 100 kg KCl). K2 = 10 tons of cattle fertilizers/ha. K3 = 20 tons of cattle fertilizers/ha. K4 = 30 tons of cattle fertilizers/ha. The results showed that the highest production of cobs for the treatment of soil tillage methods is found in T2 treatment (soil tillage onetime) with a production level of 8820.19g/plot (26.25tons/ha). For the treatment of cattle fertilizer, the highest cob production was obtained in K4 treatment (dose of 30 tons of cattle fertilizers/ha) with the production level reached 10154.67g per plot (30.22 tons/ha).
Evaluating the market activity and pricing of agricultural land in the Central Black Earth economic region of the Russian Federation
Authors: Nechaev V , Barsukova G , Saifetdinova N
Published: June 2019

For the analysis of market activity and prediction of market prices for agricultural land plots, a method based on the use of an econometric model of multiple regression is proposed. The method was tested on the example of the regions of the Central Black Earth economic region of the Central Federal District of Russia. The main parameters of the agricultural land market in the regions of the Central Black Earth economic region are determined. The research clearly demonstrates that the activity on the secondary land market of agricultural land is determined by the following factors: the structure of ownership of agricultural land, socio-demographic features, migration processes, income levels of the population, and natural and climatic features of the region. It has been established that a part of transactions on the land market implies further withdrawal of land from agricultural use. The main factors determining the price of a land plot are the size of the plot and the distance to the regional center. It was not possible to establish a statistically confirmed link between the specific market price of a land plot and soil fertility indicators, rental income and indicators characterizing the level of economic development and determining the cadastral value of agricultural land plots. It is concluded that further civilized development of the land market depends on improving the regulatory framework, stricter state control, and restricting the rights of market participants to prevent unreasonable transfer of agricultural land to other categories.
The digital model of developing economic relations of subjects of the agrarian sphere: research results and general trends
Authors: Kislitsky M , Rodionova O , Pertsev A
Published: June 2019

Improving the inter-sectoral economic relations of the subjects of the agrarian sector remains a pressing issue as a result of the growing processes of degradation in rural areas, as well as under the influence of a changing institutional environment. The purpose of the study is to identify the key parameters and build a digital conceptual model of increasing the equivalence of inter-sectoral economic relations in the agro-industrial complex. Research bjectives: to determine the modern principles of interaction of economic entities in the agro-industrial complex; to identify the main problems in inter-sectoral interaction at various levels of the economy; based on the analysis of existing instruments of economic interaction, to analyze new elements aimed at ensuring the parity of inter-sectoral relations in the AIC. The theoretical and practical significance of the research is determined by the generalization of knowledge in the field of digitization of the agrarian economy; the use of sociological research methods to identify the dominant factors influencing the nature of economic relations and the settlement system in the agrarian sphere.
Ways to improve the competitiveness of dairy cattle in the Russian Federation
Authors: Chinarov V
Published: June 2019

Import dependence on livestock products in 2017 amounted to more than 23%, while the share of domestic livestock products in the market did not exceed 81%. A systematic study of various aspects of improving the competitiveness of dairy cattle breeding in Russia has allowed us to develop a theoretical and methodological basis for studying this problem. Based on the economic essence of the concept of “competitiveness,” we believe that only with the profitable management of the industry as a whole, one can raise the question of the competitive advantages and competitiveness of each type of livestock production. Through a detailed costing, the degree of influence of internal and external factors that ensure the competitive management of the industry is determined, and the main factors constraining the realization of the natural competitive advantages of domestic livestock farming under current conditions are considered. Conceptual solutions to improve the competitiveness of the production of milk, beef, and breeding products are proposed, ensuring the industry’s withdrawal from the state of stagnation. A set of new government regulatory mechanisms has been developed that have an effective impact on improving the competitiveness of domestic producers of animal products. The consistent state policy pursued by the Department of Animal Husbandry and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia in the field of dairy cattle breeding led the industry to competitive positions in all product areas. However, to increase profitability and develop domestic dairy cattle breeding through expanded reproduction, it is necessary to further improve the legislative framework for solving urgent problems, including the proposals developed in the L. K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry.
Forecasting bankruptcy models for agrarian business
Authors: Baryshnikov N , Samygin D , Murzin D
Published: June 2019

The increasing practical significance of forecasting tools in the agricultural business arises from the requirements of legislation on strategic planning. Solving the problem of foreseeing bankruptcy in foreign practice is carried out through the use of a step-by-step discriminant analysis methodology. The most common solvency forecasting models developed by Western European and Russian scientists in scientific research have been systematized. Their analytical and functional capabilities are summarized, and the need for their application in domestic practice to supplement existing tools of bankruptcy diagnostics with the means of its prediction is shown. These models, along with the method of assessing insolvency, will allow for a comprehensive survey of agribusiness entities, improving the business reputation of agriculture and acting as instrumental support for issuing guarantees to free capital owners about the financial status of producers in the future.
Actual problems of breeding and seed production of agricultural crops in the Russian Federation
Authors: Nechaev V , Mikhaylushkin P , Totskoinova A
Published: June 2019

The purpose of the study is to analyze the current state of the system of breeding and seed production in Russia, as well as to identify the constraining factors of its development. A model of selection and seed production of agricultural crops is proposed. The costs for the construction of the seed breeding center are determined. The paper discusses some measures to create conditions for establishing the domestic seed fund of the most import-dependent crops at a level of at least 75%. Also, the research presented in this paper identifies an array of problems in seed production (high dependence on import supplies of hybrids, sowing of substandard seeds, violation of the time for variety shift and variety renewal) that lead to a shortfall in the yield and a decrease in the profitability of agricultural production.
Rating assessment of the potential use of rural areas
Authors: Korsun M
Published: June 2019

A rating of the regions of Russia on the use of the potential of rural areas is presented in the paper. The method is based on aggregation of indicators reflecting the results of agricultural production and the provision of resources per 1 hectare and 1 person. According to the rating score, there are regions that rationally use their potential in agricultural production (Bryansk, Belgorod regions, and the Republic of Tatarstan) and regions that poorly use the development potential of rural areas. The group of outsiders included both regions located in regions climatically unfit for large-scale agricultural production, and regions inefficiently using human (Ivanovo region) or land resources (Orenburg region). Irrational use of resources in rural areas is also due to the predominant development of small forms of management, characterized by a low level of mechanization of labor processes, low land.
Migration processes in rural areas
Authors: Semenova E , Afonin A , Kuznetsova I
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this work is to study migration processes in rural areas. We consider rural migration as a multidirectional social process of moving people across the borders of rural territories in the form of emigration (departure) and immigration (arrival), due to external and internal factors of the socio-economic life of the population. The article discusses the features of migration processes in rural areas. The relationship between rural migration and agricultural production is shown. The proposed measures of state migration policy are discussed in the paper.
IT-technologies in agriculture on the example of “drones”
Authors: Koptilina D M
Published: June 2019

Actual problems all over the world now are certainly the achievement of effective and sustainable development of the country’s agricultural production and import substitution. So, enterprises have tasks in terms of optimal and low-cost use of resources and planning their use and on organizing financing. The article is devoted to IT-technologies that open up new opportunities for the use of existing resources in the agricultural sectors. Thus, it was shown that it is through the development and improvement of the available technological base and the introduction of new information development that agricultural production is developing at an intensive pace and reaches new heights.
The role of cooperation in the socio-economic development of rural areas: history and modernity
Authors: Pashentsev D , Chernogor N , Sidler O
Published: June 2019

The article is devoted to the history of legislative regulation of agricultural cooperation in Russia. The authors emphasize that agricultural cooperation is in demand due to the fact that agriculture has always played an important role in our country. In addition, cooperation has a rich unifying potential, which can be used in different conditions and situations. The experience of cooperative development in the early twentieth century is analyzed. It was noted that at that time, agricultural cooperation did not play a significant role in comparison with other forms of cooperation. The experience of legislative regulation of agricultural cooperation in the period of the new economic policy has been studied. It is noted that the Soviet government attached special importance to the development of this form of cooperation, saw in it the method of collectivization of agriculture. Agricultural cooperation also played other functions, giving out loans to the population and doing educational work. Members of agricultural cooperatives received benefits through collective processing of goods and their sale, as well as through wholesale purchases. Also in the article, the bases of modern legislative regulation of agricultural cooperation are shown. The principles on which modern agricultural cooperation is built and which are fixed in the current legislation are considered. The article concludes that agricultural cooperation has a great potential, it allows small producers to compete more successfully with large agroholdings, helps to fight the process of monopolization in the agricultural sector. But one legislative definition of the legal norms governing the creation and operation of cooperatives is not sufficient for its full development. Agricultural cooperation needs state support, both financial in the form of tax incentives, and ideological. We need propaganda of ideas and ideals of the cooperative movement.