bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Cumin Essential Oil by Blocking JNK, ERK, and NF-κB Signaling Pathways in LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells
Authors: Wei Juan , Zhang Xitong , Bi Yang , Miao Ruidong , Zhang Zhong , Su Hailan
Published: September 2015

Cumin seeds (Cuminum cyminumL.) have been commonly used in food flavoring and perfumery. In this study, cumin essential oil (CuEO) extracted from seeds was employed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and the underlying mechanisms. A total of 26 volatile constituents were identified in CuEO by GC-MS, and the most abundant constituent was cuminaldehyde (48.773%). Mitochondrial-respiration-dependent 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) reduction assay demonstrated that CuEO did not exhibit any cytotoxic effect at the employed concentrations (0.0005–0.01%). Real-time PCR tests showed that CuEO significantly inhibited the mRNA expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX-2), interleukin- (IL-) 1, and IL-6. Moreover, western blotting analysis revealed that CuEO blocked LPS-induced transcriptional activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and inhibited the phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). These results suggested that CuEO exerted anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells via inhibition of NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK and JNK signaling; the chemical could be used as a source of anti-inflammatory agents as well as dietary complement for health promotion.
Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis of a Lower Pole Moiety in a Duplicated Collecting System Kidney
Authors: Wuilleumier Jean Paul , Schulman Ariel , Montgomery Antonio , Teper Ervin
Published: September 2015

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is a destructive inflammatory process which is frequently caused by recurrent urinary tract infections or chronic obstruction by kidney stones. We present a 56-year-old female with an extensive retroperitoneal urinoma and xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis of the lower pole moiety in a kidney with a duplicated collecting system due to obstructive nephrolithiasis. After drainage of the urinoma, the patient underwent a definitive lower pole heminephrectomy with preservation of the functional upper pole. We review important clinical features of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis and considerations for surgery on a duplicated kidney.
Examining the Effect of Pileup on the Accuracy of Sharp Indentation Testing
Authors: Tang Zhongbin , Guo Yazhou , Jia Zhaohu , Li Yulong , Wei Qiuming
Published: September 2015

One essential problem related to instrumented indentation is the effect of pileup, which could introduce significant errors on the measured hardness and elastic modulus. In this work, we have assessed some critical issues associated with instrumented indentation by means of numerical simulation. Dimensional analysis is adopted to acquire the principal governing parameters of the process, such as the ratio of yield strength to elastic modulus(Y/E)and the ratio of indentation depth to maximum penetration depth(h/hmax). The dimensional analysis provides a general understanding on the relationships among these dimensionless variables and their influence on the test results. Three kinds of indenters, that is, conical, Berkovich, and Vickers indenter, are comparatively studied. The dependence of pileup on the dimensionless parameters and its effect on the simulation results are also given. These findings are instructive for measuring the mechanical properties by instrumented indentation, especially when the effect of pileup is involved.
Tuberculosis of the Penis: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Venyo Anthony Kodzo-Grey
Published: September 2015

Background. Tuberculosis of the penis (TBP) is rare.Aim. To review the literature.Method. Various internet data bases were searched.Literature Review. TBP could be primary or secondary, may develop following circumcision performed by a person who had pulmonary Tb, and may be transmitted to the penis from ejaculation, contamination from clothing, or from contact with endometrial secretions, following an earlier pulmonary Tb or Tb elsewhere. TBP presents with a painless/painful small nodule, ulcer, mass on penis which gradually enlarges, and induration/swelling of penis, with or without erectile dysfunction. Inguinal lymph nodes may or may not be palpable. The patient’s voiding is normal. There may or may not be history of circumcision, pulmonary Tb, and BCG immunization. TBP mimics penile carcinoma, granulomatous syphilis penile ulcer, genital herpes simplex, granuloma inguinale, and HIV infection. Diagnosis is established by microscopic examination finding of granulomas +/−AFB in penile discharge or biopsy of lesion or culture of Tb organism from discharge or biopsy specimens or positive Elisa serology/PCR for Tb. PTBs respond to first- or 2nd-line anti-Tb 6-month treatment. Close contacts should be screened. Extrapulmonary Tb should be excluded.Conclusions. Clinicians should consider possibility of PTB in cases of penile lesions and erectile failure.
Frequency of Red Cell Alloimmunization and Autoimmunization in Thalassemia Patients: A Report from Eastern India
Authors: Datta Suvro Sankha , Mukherjee Somnath , Talukder Biplabendu , Bhattacharya Prasun , Mukherjee Krishnendu
Published: September 2015

Introduction. Red blood cell (RBC) alloimmunization and autoimmunization remain a major problem in transfusion dependent thalassemic patients. There is a paucity of data on the incidence of RBC alloimmunization and autoimmunization in thalassemic patients from eastern part of India, as pretransfusion antibody screening is not routinely performed.Aims. To assess the incidence of RBC alloimmunization and autoimmunization in transfusion dependent thalassemic patients in eastern India.Materials and Methods. Total 500 thalassemia cases were evaluated. The antibody screening and identification were performed with commercially available panel cells (Diapanel, Bio-rad, Switzerland) by column agglutination method. To detect autoantibodies, autocontrol and direct antiglobulin tests were carried out using polyspecific coombs (IgG + C3d) gel cards in all patients.Results. A total of 28 patients developed RBC alloimmunization (5.6%) and 5 patients had autoantibodies (1%). Alloantibody against c had the highest incidence (28.57%) followed by E (21.42%). Five out of 28 (17.85%) patients had developed antibodies against both c and E.Conclusion. Data from this study demonstrate that the RBC alloantibody and autoantibody development rates are significant in our region. Thus, pretransfusion antibody screening needs to be initiated in eastern India in order to ensure safe transfusion practice.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Perceived Stigma among Patients with Epilepsy in Ethiopia
Authors: Fanta Tolesa , Azale Telake , Assefa Dawit , Getachew Mekbit
Published: September 2015

Background. Epilepsy stigma is considered to be one of the most important factors that have a negative influence on people with epilepsy. Among all types of stigma perceived stigma further exerts stress and restricts normal participation in society.Methods. Hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 1, 2013, to May 30, 2013. All patients with epilepsy in Ethiopia were source population. The sample size was determined using single population proportion formula and 347 subjects were selected by using systematic random sampling method. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 20.Results. A total of 346 participants with mean age of 29.3 ± 8.5 SD participated with a response rate of 99.7%. The prevalence of perceived stigma was 31.2%. Age range between 18 and 24 [AOR = 2.84, 95%CI: 1.02, 7.92], difficulty to attend follow-up because of stigma [AOR = 3.15, 95%CI: 1.19, 8.34], seizure related injury [AOR = 1.88, 95%CI: 1.12, 3.15], and contagion belief [AOR = 1.88, 95%CI: 1.10, 5.08] were significantly associated with perceived stigma.Conclusions. Perceived stigma was found to be a common problem among patients suffering from epilepsy. The results reinforce the need for creating awareness among patients with epilepsy and addressing misconceptions attached to epilepsy.
Influence ofGSTM1,GSTT1, andGSTP1Polymorphisms on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Sensorimotor Peripheral Neuropathy Risk
Authors: Stoian Adina , Bănescu Claudia , Bălaşa Rodica Ioana , Moţăţăianu Anca , Stoian Mircea , Moldovan Valeriu G. , Voidăzan Septimiu , Dobreanu Minodora
Published: September 2015

Background and Aims. Diabetic neuropathy is a frequent complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Genetic susceptibility and oxidative stress may play a role in the appearance of T2DM and diabetic neuropathy. We investigated the relation between polymorphism in genes related to oxidative stress such asGSTM1,GSTT1, andGSTP1and the presence of T2DM and diabetic neuropathy (DN).Methods. Samples were collected from 84 patients with T2DM (42 patients with DN and 42 patients without DN) and 98 healthy controls and genotyped by using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism method.Results.GSTP1Ile105Val polymorphism was associated with the risk of developing T2DM (p=0.05) but not with the risk of developing DN in diabetic cases.GSTM1andGSTT1gene polymorphisms were associated with neither the risk of developing T2DM nor the risk of DN occurrence in diabetic patients. No association was observed between the patients with T2DM and DSPN (diabetic sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy) and T2DM without DSPN regarding investigated polymorphism.Conclusion. Our data suggest thatGSTP1gene polymorphisms may contribute to the development of T2DM in Romanian population.GSTM1,GSTT1, andGSTP1gene polymorphisms are not associated with susceptibility of developing diabetic neuropathy in T2DM patients.
Clinical Safety and Immunogenicity of Tumor-Targeted, Plant-Made Id-KLH Conjugate Vaccines for Follicular Lymphoma
Authors: Tusé Daniel , Ku Nora , Bendandi Maurizio , Becerra Carlos , Collins Robert , Langford Nyla , Sancho Susana Inogés , López-Díaz de Cerio Ascensión , Pastor Fernando , Kandzia Romy , Thieme Frank , Jarczowski Franziska , Krause Dieter , Ma Julian K.-C. , Pandya Shan , Klimyuk Victor , Gleba Yuri , Butler-Ransohoff John E.
Published: September 2015

We report the first evaluation of plant-made conjugate vaccines for targeted treatment of B-cell follicular lymphoma (FL) in a Phase I safety and immunogenicity clinical study. Each recombinant personalized immunogen consisted of a tumor-derived, plant-produced idiotypic antibody (Ab) hybrid comprising the hypervariable regions of the tumor-associated light and heavy Ab chains, genetically grafted onto a common human IgG1 scaffold. Each immunogen was produced inNicotiana benthamianaplants using twin magnICON vectors expressing the light and heavy chains of the idiotypic Ab. Each purified Ab was chemically linked to the carrier protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) to form a conjugate vaccine. The vaccines were administered to FL patients over a series of≥6 subcutaneous injections in conjunction with the adjuvant Leukine (GM-CSF). The 27 patients enrolled in the study had previously received non-anti-CD20 cytoreductive therapy followed by≥4 months of immune recovery prior to first vaccination. Of 11 patients who became evaluable at study conclusion, 82% (9/11) displayed a vaccine-induced, idiotype-specific cellular and/or humoral immune response. No patients showed serious adverse events (SAE) related to vaccination. The fully scalable plant-based manufacturing process yields safe and immunogenic personalized FL vaccines that can be produced within weeks of obtaining patient biopsies.
The Implications of HIV Treatment on the HIV-Malaria Coinfection Dynamics: A Modeling Perspective
Authors: Nyabadza F. , Bekele B. T. , Rúa M. A. , Malonza D. M. , Chiduku N. , Kgosimore M.
Published: September 2015

Most hosts harbor multiple pathogens at the same time in disease epidemiology. Multiple pathogens have the potential for interaction resulting in negative impacts on host fitness or alterations in pathogen transmission dynamics. In this paper we develop a mathematical model describing the dynamics of HIV-malaria coinfection. Additionally, we extended our model to examine the role treatment (of malaria and HIV) plays in altering populations’ dynamics. Our model consists of 13 interlinked equations which allow us to explore multiple aspects of HIV-malaria transmission and treatment. We perform qualitative analysis of the model that includes positivity and boundedness of solutions. Furthermore, we evaluate the reproductive numbers corresponding to the submodels and investigate the long term behavior of the submodels. We also consider the qualitative dynamics of the full model. Sensitivity analysis is done to determine the impact of some chosen parameters on the dynamics of malaria. Finally, numerical simulations illustrate the potential impact of the treatment scenarios and confirm our analytical results.
A Scalable GVT Estimation Algorithm for PDES: Using Lower Bound of Event-Bulk-Time
Authors: Peng Yong , Qin Long , Yin Quanjun
Published: September 2015

Global Virtual Time computation of Parallel Discrete Event Simulation is crucial for conducting fossil collection and detecting the termination of simulation. The triggering condition of GVT computation in typical approaches is generally based on the wall-clock time or logical time intervals. However, the GVT value depends on the timestamps of events rather than the wall-clock time or logical time intervals. Therefore, it is difficult for the existing approaches to select appropriate time intervals to compute the GVT value. In this study, we propose a scalable GVT estimation algorithm based on Lower Bound of Event-Bulk-Time, which triggers the computation of the GVT value according to the number of processed events. In order to calculate the number of transient messages, our algorithm employs Event-Bulk to record the messages sent and received by Logical Processes. To eliminate the performance bottleneck, we adopt an overlapping computation approach to distribute the workload of GVT computation to all worker-threads. We compare our algorithm with the fast asynchronous GVT algorithm using PHOLD benchmark on the shared memory machine. Experimental results indicate that our algorithm has a light overhead and shows higher speedup and accuracy of GVT computation than the fast asynchronous GVT algorithm.
Reviving Lonidamine and 6-Diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine to Be Used in Combination for Metabolic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Cervantes-Madrid Diana , Romero Yair , Dueñas-González Alfonso
Published: September 2015

Abnormal metabolism is another cancer hallmark. The two most characterized altered metabolic pathways are high rates of glycolysis and glutaminolysis, which are natural targets for cancer therapy. Currently, a number of newer compounds to block glycolysis and glutaminolysis are being developed; nevertheless, lonidamine and 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON) are two old drugs well characterized as inhibitors of glycolysis and glutaminolysis, respectively, whose clinical development was abandoned years ago when the importance of cancer metabolism was not fully appreciated and clinical trial methodology was less developed. In this review, a PubMed search using the words lonidamine and 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON) was undertaken to analyse existing information on the preclinical and clinical studies of these drugs for cancer treatment. Data show that they exhibit antitumor effects; besides there is also the suggestion that they are synergistic. We conclude that lonidamine and DON are safe and potentially effective drugs that need to be reevaluated in combination as metabolic therapy of cancer.
A Split Island Layout Style of Butting/Inserted Substrate Pickups for NMOSFET ESD Reliability
Authors: Huang Chih-Yao , Chiu Fu-Chien , Lin Bo-Chen , Song Po-Kung
Published: September 2015

Butting/inserted pickup layout style could result in severe ESD degradation of NMOS devices beyond deep submicron technology. A split island layout style of butting/inserted substrate pickups is designed for a multifinger NMOS structure to enhance its ESD reliability. This layout style divides the substrate pickup diffusion bands along the whole polygate finger direction into segmented diffusion islands in the source area. This layout technique could improve the TLP second breakdown current of the 1.8 V butting pickup structure by 58~66% and 1.8 V/3.3 V inserted pickup case by 2.8 times. This style also shows excellent enhancement for the ESD/HBM levels of the 1.8 V and 3.3 V butting pickup case by 2.1~2.3 times and 18%~6 times, respectively, and the 1.8 V and 3.3 V inserted pickup case by 2.4~2.9 times and 13%~6 times, respectively. This simple technique could restore the ESD threshold level of the butting/inserted pickup layout style back to that of the normal GGNMOS without any further area consumption or fabrication cost.
The Contribution of Alexithymia to Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Symptoms Dimensions: An Investigation in a Large Community Sample in Italy
Authors: Pozza Andrea , Giaquinta Nicoletta , Dèttore Davide
Published: September 2015

Poor attention has been dedicated to the relation between Alexithymia and specific OCD symptoms dimensions. Knowledge about which Alexithymia domains are the most affected ones in OCD dimensions could inform clinical practice, suggesting the need for the introduction of psychotherapeutic interventions targeting Alexithymia deficits. The current study aimed to investigate which OCD symptom dimension correlated with Alexithymia domains. A total of 425 community individuals (mean age = 27.80, SD = 9.89, 60% women) completed measures of Alexithymia, OCD symptoms dimensions, anxiety, and depression. Moderate correlations emerged between Difficulty Identifying Feelings and Hoarding(r=.36,p<.001)and Checking symptoms(r=.34,p<.001)and between Difficulty Describing Feelings and Pure Obsessing(r=.31,p<.001). Difficulty Identifying Feelings uniquely predicted OCD symptoms(β=0.20,t=3.96,andp<.001), after controlling for anxiety and depression. A main effect emerged of Alexithymia on Ordering(β=0.70,t=2.50,p<.05)and Pure Obsessing symptoms(β=0.043,t=2.08,andp<.05). Psychotherapeutic interventions specifically targeting Alexithymia should be integrated in the treatment of Ordering and Pure Obsessing symptoms. Difficulty Identifying Feelings and Difficulty Describing Feelings should be addressed in the psychotherapeutic treatment of Hoarding, Checking, and Pure Obsessing, respectively.
Conventional Complete Denture in Patients with Ectodermal Dysplasia
Authors: Vilanova Larissa Soares Reis , Sánchez-Ayala Alfonso , Ribeiro Giselle Rodrigues , Campos Camila Heitor , Farias-Neto Arcelino
Published: September 2015

Ectodermal dysplasia is described as heritable conditions that involve anomalies of structures derived from the ectoderm, including hypodontia. In the cases of edentulous young patients, who did not finish their craniofacial growth, treatment with conventional complete denture is a suitable alternative. The aim of this study was to report a case of mandibular edentulism treated with conventional complete denture in a thirteen-year-old patient diagnosed with hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Typical features, such as frontal bossing, depressed nasal bridge, protuberant lips, scarce hair, and brittle nails, were visualized during the extraoral examination. The intraoral inspection and radiographic analysis revealed oligodontia, dental malformation, and prolonged retention of deciduous teeth at maxilla and total edentulism at mandible. A conventional complete denture was planned and constructed following the same steps of technique as recommended in adults. Although this option is not a definitive treatment, the patient and his parents were satisfied with his improvement in chewing and speech, as well as with the aesthetic benefits.
Peptide-Induced Amyloid-Like Conformational Transitions in Proteins
Authors: Egorov Vladimir , Grudinina Natalia , Vasin Andrey , Lebedev Dmitry
Published: September 2015

Changes in protein conformation can occur both as part of normal protein functioning and during disease pathogenesis. The most common conformational diseases are amyloidoses. Sometimes the development of a number of diseases which are not traditionally related to amyloidoses is associated with amyloid-like conformational transitions of proteins. Also, amyloid-like aggregates take part in normal physiological processes such as memorization and cell signaling. Several primary structural features of a protein are involved in conformational transitions. Also the protein proteolytic fragments can cause the conformational transitions in the protein. Short peptides which could be produced during the protein life cycle or which are encoded by short open reading frames can affect the protein conformation and function.
Ledderhose Disease: Clinical, Radiological (Ultrasound and MRI), and Anatomopathological Findings
Authors: Omor Y. , Dhaene B. , Grijseels S. , Alard S.
Published: September 2015

Plantar fibromatosis, or Ledderhose disease, is a rare hyperproliferative disorder of the plantar aponeurosis. It may occur at any age, with the greatest prevalence at middle age and beyond. This disorder is more common in men than woman and it is sometimes associated with other forms of fibromatosis. Diagnosis is based on clinical examination. Ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be useful to confirm the diagnosis. A 44-year-old man with Ledderhose disease who underwent ultrasound and MR is described in this paper.
Caliber-Persistent Artery
Authors: Costa Sabrina Araújo Pinho , Ruiz Marcelo Martinson , Kaba Shajadi Pardo , Florezi Giovanna Piacenza , Lemos Júnior Celso Augusto , Witzel Andréa Lusvarghi
Published: September 2015

Caliber-persistent artery (CPLA) of the lip is a common vascular anomaly in which a main arterial branch extends to the surface of the mucous tissue with no reduction in its diameter. It usually manifests as pulsatile papule, is easily misdiagnosed, and is observed more frequently among older people, suggesting that its development may involve a degenerative process associated with aging; CPLA is also characterized by the loss of tone of the adjacent supporting connective tissue. Although the diagnosis is clinical, high-resolution Doppler ultrasound is a useful noninvasive tool for evaluating the lesion. This report describes the case of a 58-year-old male patient who complained of a lesion of the lower lip with bleeding and recurrent ulceration. The patient was successfully treated in our hospital after a diagnosis of CPLA and is currently undergoing a clinical outpatient follow-up with no complaints.
Neuroimaging Features of San Luis Valley Syndrome
Authors: Whitehead Matthew T. , Lee Bonmyong
Published: September 2015

A 14-month-old Hispanic female with a history of double-outlet right ventricle and developmental delay in the setting of recombinant chromosome 8 syndrome was referred for neurologic imaging. Brain MR revealed multiple abnormalities primarily affecting midline structures, including commissural dysgenesis, vermian and brainstem hypoplasia/dysplasia, an interhypothalamic adhesion, and an epidermoid between the frontal lobes that enlarged over time. Spine MR demonstrated hypoplastic C1 and C2 posterior elements, scoliosis, and a borderline low conus medullaris position. Presented herein is the first illustration of neuroimaging findings from a patient with San Luis Valley syndrome.
A Bayesian Outbreak Detection Method for Influenza-Like Illness
Authors: García Yury E. , Christen J. Andrés , Capistrán Marcos A.
Published: September 2015

Epidemic outbreak detection is an important problem in public health and the development of reliable methods for outbreak detection remains an active research area. In this paper we introduce a Bayesian method to detect outbreaks of influenza-like illness from surveillance data. The rationale is that, during the early phase of the outbreak, surveillance data changes from autoregressive dynamics to a regime of exponential growth. Our method uses Bayesian model selection and Bayesian regression to identify the breakpoint. No free parameters need to be tuned. However, historical information regarding influenza-like illnesses needs to be incorporated into the model. In order to show and discuss the performance of our method we analyze synthetic, seasonal, and pandemic outbreak data.
Sun Protection Behaviors Associated with Self-Efficacy, Susceptibility, and Awareness among Uninsured Primary Care Patients Utilizing a Free Clinic
Authors: Kamimura Akiko , Nourian Maziar M. , Ashby Jeanie , Trinh Ha Ngoc , Tabler Jennifer , Assasnik Nushean , Lewis Bethany K. H.
Published: September 2015

Background. Skin cancer is the most commonly diagnosed form of cancer in the United States (US). However, knowledge, behaviors, and attitudes regarding sun protection vary among the general population. The purpose of this study is to examine sun protection behaviors of low-income primary care patients and assess the association between these health behaviors and the self-efficacy, susceptibility, and skin cancer awareness.Methods. Uninsured primary care patients utilizing a free clinic (N=551) completed a self-administered survey in May and June 2015.Results. Using sunscreen was the least common tactic among the participants of this study. Skin cancer awareness and self-efficacy are important to improve sun protection behaviors. Spanish speakers may have lower levels of skin care awareness compared to US born and non-US born English speakers. Male and female participants use different sun protection methods.Conclusion. It is important to increase skin cancer awareness with self-efficacy interventions as well as education on low-cost sun protection methods. Spanish speaking patients would be a target population for promoting awareness. Male and female patients would need separate gender-specific sun protection education. Future studies should implement educational programs and assess the effectiveness of the programs to further promote skin cancer prevention among underserved populations.
Bilateral Simultaneous Avulsion Fractures of the Proximal Tibia in a 14-Year-Old Athlete with Vitamin-D Deficiency
Authors: Harb Ziad , Malhi Arfan
Published: September 2015

Fractures involving the proximal tibial epiphysis are rare and form 0.5% of all epiphyseal injuries. The specific anatomical and developmental features of the proximal tibial epiphysis make it vulnerable to unique patterns of fractures. Vitamin-D plays a vital role in bone homeostasis and its deficiency has an impact on fracture risk and healing. We present the first ever reported case of simultaneous bilateral proximal tibial physeal fractures in an athlete with vitamin-D deficiency. Treatment consisted of plaster immobilisation, and the patient made a full recovery and returned to preinjury level of activities. We report this case for its uniqueness and as an educational review of the importance of the developmental anatomy of the proximal tibia. We review the literature and discuss how the stages of the growing physis determine the type of fracture sustained.
Is the Memory Effect of the Blind Spot Involved in Negative Dysphotopsia after Cataract Surgery?
Authors: Wenzel Martin , Menapace Rupert , Eppig Timo , Langenbucher Achim
Published: September 2015

We present novel clinical observations on negative dysphotopsia (ND) in eyes that have undergone cataract surgery. In the past, shadow effects were alleged to be located in the far peripheral temporal visual field 50° to 100° away from the optical axis. In a small series of eight patients we found evidence of photic effects, described by the patients as shadows in the periphery that were objectively located much more centrally. In all cases, we could find an association of these phenomena with the blind spot. We hypothesize that the memory effect of the blind spot which is dislocated and changed in magnification due to replacement of the crystalline lens could be one determinant for pseudophakic ND. The scotoma of the optic nerve head and the main arteries and veins of the phakic eye are displaced in the pseudophakic eye depending on the specific characteristics and position of the intraocular lens within the eye.
Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in a Clinical Perspective
Authors: Pasquier Jennifer , Abu-Kaoud Nadine , Al Thani Haya , Rafii Arash
Published: September 2015

Tumor growth and metastatic dissemination rely on cellular plasticity. Among the different phenotypes acquired by cancer cells, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been extensively illustrated. Indeed, this transition allows an epithelial polarized cell to acquire a more mesenchymal phenotype with increased mobility and invasiveness. The role of EMT is quite clear during developmental stage. In the neoplastic context in many tumors EMT has been associated with a more aggressive tumor phenotype including local invasion and distant metastasis. EMT allows the cell to invade surrounding tissues and survive in the general circulation and through a stem cell phenotype grown in the host organ. The molecular pathways underlying EMT have also been clearly defined and their description is beyond the scope of this review. Here we will summarize and analyze the attempts made to block EMT in the therapeutic context. Indeed, till today, most of the studies are made in animal models. Few clinical trials are ongoing with no obvious benefits of EMT inhibitors yet. We point out the limitations of EMT targeting such tumor heterogeneity or the dynamics of EMT during disease progression.
Central Sensitization and Perceived Indoor Climate among Workers with Chronic Upper-Limb Pain: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sundstrup Emil , Jakobsen Markus D. , Brandt Mikkel , Jay Kenneth , Persson Roger , Andersen Lars L.
Published: September 2015

Monitoring of indoor climate is an essential part of occupational health and safety. While questionnaires are commonly used for surveillance, not all workers may perceive an identical indoor climate similarly. The aim of this study was to evaluate perceived indoor climate among workers with chronic pain compared with pain-free colleagues and to determine the influence of central sensitization on this perception. Eighty-two male slaughterhouse workers, 49 with upper-limb chronic pain and 33 pain-free controls, replied to a questionnaire with 13 items of indoor climate complaints. Pressure pain threshold (PPT) was measured in muscles of the arm, shoulder, and lower leg. Cross-sectional associations were determined using general linear models controlled for age, smoking, and job position. The number of indoor climate complaints was twice as high among workers with chronic pain compared with pain-free controls (1.8 [95% CI: 1.3–2.3] versus 0.9 [0.4–1.5], resp.). PPT of the nonpainful leg muscle was negatively associated with the number of complaints. Workers with chronic pain reported more indoor climate complaints than pain-free controls despite similar actual indoor climate. Previous studies that did not account for musculoskeletal pain in questionnaire assessment of indoor climate may be biased. Central sensitization likely explains the present findings.
A Combined Effect of Plasmon Energy Transfer and Recombination Barrier in a Novel TiO2/MgO/Ag Working Electrode for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Photiphitak Chanu , Rakkwamsuk Pattana , Muthitamongkol Pennapa , Thanachayanont Chanchana
Published: September 2015

Novel TiO2/MgO/Ag composite electrodes were applied as working electrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The TiO2/MgO/Ag composite films were prepared by dip coating method for MgO thin films and photoreduction method for Ag nanoparticles. The MgO film thicknesses and the Ag nanoparticle sizes were in ranges of 0.08–0.46 nm and 4.4–38.6 nm, respectively. The TiO2/MgO/Ag composite films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The TiO2/MgO/Ag composite electrodes were sensitized by immersing in a 0.3 mM of N719 dye solution and fabricated for conventional DSSCs.J-Vcharacteristics of the TiO2/MgO/Ag DSSCs showed that the MgO film thickness of 0.1 nm and the Ag nanoparticle size of 4.4 nm resulted in maximum short circuit current density and efficiency of 8.6 mA/cm2and 5.2%, respectively. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy showed that such values of short circuit current density and efficiency were optimal values obtained from plasmon energy transfer by 4.4 nm Ag nanoparticles and recombination barrier by the ultrathin MgO film.
Optical Fiber Sensors Based on Nanoparticle-Embedded Coatings
Authors: Urrutia Aitor , Goicoechea Javier , Arregui Francisco J.
Published: September 2015

The use of nanoparticles (NPs) in scientific applications has attracted the attention of many researchers in the last few years. The use of NPs can help researchers to tune the physical characteristics of the sensing coating (thickness, roughness, specific area, refractive index, etc.) leading to enhanced sensors with response time or sensitivity better than traditional sensing coatings. Additionally, NPs also offer other special properties that depend on their nanometric size, and this is also a source of new sensing applications. This review focuses on the current status of research in the use of NPs within coatings in optical fiber sensing. Most used sensing principles in fiber optics are briefly described and classified into several groups: absorbance-based sensors, interferometric sensors, fluorescence-based sensors, fiber grating sensors, and resonance-based sensors, among others. For each sensor group, specific examples of the utilization of NP-embedded coatings in their sensing structure are reported.
Association of Tag SNPs and Rare CNVs of the MIR155HG/miR-155 Gene with Epilepsy in the Chinese Han Population
Authors: Tao Hua , Cui Lili , Li You , Zhou Xu , Ma Guoda , Yao Lifen , Fu Jiawu , Li Wen , Cai Yujie , Zhou Haihong , Zhong Wangtao , Zhang Shuyan , Xu Zhien , Li Keshen , Zhao Bin
Published: September 2015

Background. miR-155 likely acts as an important modulator in the inflammatory mechanism of epilepsy, and this study investigated its association with epilepsy from the perspective of molecular genetics.Methods. This study enrolled 249 epileptic patients and 289 healthy individuals of the Chinese Han population; 4 tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs: rs969885, rs12483428, rs987195, and rs4817027) of the MIR155HG/miR-155 gene were selected, and their association with epilepsy was investigated. Additionally, this study determined the copy numbers of the MIR155HG/miR-155 gene.Results. The TCA haplotype (rs12483428-rs987195-rs4817027) and the AA genotype at rs4817027 conferred higher vulnerability to epilepsy in males. Stratification by age of onset revealed that the CC haplotype (rs969885-rs987195) was a genetic susceptibility factor for early-onset epilepsy. Further stratification by drug-resistant status indicated the CC haplotype (rs969885-rs987195) and the AA genotype at rs4817027 were genetic susceptibility factors for drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) but the CG haplotype (rs987195-rs969885) was a genetically protective factor against DRE. Besides, 3 epileptic patients with copy number variants of the MIR155HG/miR-155 gene were observed.Conclusions. This study first demonstrates the association of MIR155HG/miR-155 tag SNPs with epilepsy and shows that rare CNVs were found exclusively in epileptic patients, clarifying the genetic role of miR-155 in epilepsy.
Changes in Tissue Oxygen Saturation in Response to Different Calf Compression Sleeves
Authors: Dermont T. , Morizot L. , Bouhaddi M. , Ménétrier A.
Published: September 2015

Aim. The purpose was to examine the changes in tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) in response to the application of different commercially available calf compression sleeves.Methods. Eight subjects came to the laboratory to complete a session in seated position including 10 min of quiet rest followed by 3 min measuring calf StO2without compression sleeves and then alternating of 3 min of passive rest and 3 min measuring StO2with calf compression sleeves. A total of 15 different commercially available compression sleeves were studied in a randomized order. Calf StO2was recorded using near-infrared spectroscopy.Results. StO2was significantly increased with all compression sleevesp<0.05compared with no compression (from +6.9% for the least effective to +22.6% for the most effective). Large differences were observed between compression sleevesp<0.05. StO2was positively correlated with compression pressure (p<0.05;r=0.84).Conclusion. This study shows that wearing compression sleeves from various brands differently affects tissue oxygen saturation. Differences were linked to the compression pressure: higher compression pressures were associated with higher StO2.
Lithium as an Alternative Option in Graves Thyrotoxicosis
Authors: Prakash Ishita , Nylen Eric Sixtus , Sen Sabyasachi
Published: September 2015

A 67-year-old woman was admitted with signs and symptoms of Graves thyrotoxicosis. Biochemistry results were as follows: TSH was undetectable; FT4 was >6.99 ng/dL (0.7–1.8); FT3 was 18 pg/mL (3–5); TSI was 658% (0–139). Thyroid uptake and scan showed diffusely increased tracer uptake in the thyroid gland. The patient was started on methimazole 40 mg BID, but her LFTs elevated precipitously with features of fulminant hepatitis. Methimazole was determined to be the cause and was stopped. After weighing pros and cons, lithium was initiated to treat her persistent thyrotoxicosis. Lithium 300 mg was given daily with a goal to maintain between 0.4 and 0.6. High dose Hydrocortisone and propranolol were also administered concomitantly. Free thyroid hormone levels decreased and the patient reached a biochemical and clinical euthyroid state in about 8 days. Though definitive RAI was planned, the patient has been maintained on lithium for more than a month to control her hyperthyroidism. Trial removal of lithium results in reemergence of thyrotoxicosis within 24 hours. Patient was maintained on low dose lithium treatment with lithium level just below therapeutic range which was sufficient to maintain euthyroid state for more than a month. There were no signs of lithium toxicity within this time period.Conclusion. Lithium has a unique physiologic profile and can be used to treat thyrotoxicosis when thionamides cannot be used while awaiting elective radioablation. Lithium levels need to be monitored; however, levels even at subtherapeutic range may be sufficient to treat thyrotoxicosis.
Characterization of Potential Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria Isolated from Maize (Zea maysL.) in Central and Northern Benin (West Africa)
Authors: Agbodjato Nadège A. , Noumavo Pacôme A. , Baba-Moussa Farid , Salami Hafiz A. , Sina Haziz , Sèzan Alphonse , Bankolé Honoré , Adjanohoun Adolphe , Baba-Moussa Lamine
Published: September 2015

Our study aims to characterize Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) isolated from maize roots in five agroecological zones of central and northern Benin. Sixty samples were collected at the rate of four samples per village and three villages per agroecological zone. Rhizobacteria strains were isolated from these samples and biochemically characterized. These strains were analyzed for some of their PGPR traits like ammonia production and hydrogen cyanide following conventional methods. Microbiological investigation of these samples has shown that maize rhizospheres in central and northern Benin contain a high diversity of microorganisms. A total of nine species of maize Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria were identified. Those PGPR include fiveBacillusspecies (B. polymyxa, B. pantothenticus, B. anthracis, B. thuringiensis, andB. circulans), threePseudomonasspecies (P. cichorii, P. putida, andP. syringae), andSerratia marcescens. The microbial diversity does not depend on the soil types. The microbial density, generally high, varies according to both soil types and agroecological zones. AllSerratiastrains (100%) have produced ammonia, whereas 80% ofBacillusand 77.77% ofPseudomonasproduced this metabolite. The hydrogen cyanide was produced by all isolates (100%) independent of their genus. These results suggest the possibility to use these rhizobacteria as biological fertilizers to increase maize production.
Interdisciplinary Approach to a Tooth with Open Apex and Persistent Sinus
Authors: Das Anoop N. , Geetha Krishnamohan , Varghese Kurian Ajay , Nair Radhakrishnan , Nandakumar K.
Published: September 2015

Traumatic injuries in childhood may disrupt root development leading to a tooth with open apex. Apexification procedures in such cases aim at root end closure after reasonable period of time. In some chronic cases, complete healing of the periapical area does not occur resulting in development of a nonhealing sinus. Failure of nonsurgical approach in such cases needs surgical intervention permitting thorough periapical curettage. In the present case, apexification procedure with MTA achieved root end closure but failed to heal the sinus for which surgical treatment was completed with thorough periapical curettage and application of platelet rich fibrin (PRF) and a combination ofβ-tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite resulted in healing.
Subcutaneous Administration of Bortezomib in Combination with Thalidomide and Dexamethasone for Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Patients
Authors: Wu Shenghao , Zheng Cuiping , Chen Songyan , Cai Xiaoping , Shi Yuejian , Lin Bijing , Chen Yuemiao
Published: September 2015

Objective. To investigate the efficacy and safety of the treatment of the newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients with the therapy of subcutaneous (subQ) administration of bortezomib and dexamethasone plus thalidomide (VTD) regimen.Methods. A total of 60 newly diagnosed MM patients were analyzed. 30 patients received improved VTD regimen (improved VTD group) with the subQ injection of bortezomib and the other 30 patients received conventional VTD regimen (VTD group).The efficacy and safety of two groups were analyzed retrospectively.Results. The overall remission (OR) after eight cycles of treatment was 73.3% in the VTD group and 76.7% in the improved VTD group (P>0.05). No significant differences in time to 1-year estimate of overall survival (72% versus 75%,P=0.848) and progression-free survival (median 22 months versus 25 months;P=0.725) between two groups. The main toxicities related to therapy were leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, asthenia, fatigue, and renal and urinary disorders. Grade 3 and higher adverse events were significantly less common in the improved VTD group (50%) than VTD group (80%,P=0.015).Conclusions. The improved VTD regimen by changing bortezomib from intravenous administration to subcutaneous injection has noninferior efficacy to standard VTD regimen, with an improved safety profile and reduced adverse events.
Following Up Crack Users after Hospital Discharge Using Record Linkage Methodology: An Alternative to Find Hidden Populations
Authors: Gonçalves Veralice Maria , Pedroso Rosemeri , Santos Antônio Marcos dos , Diemen Lisia Von , Pechansky Flavio
Published: September 2015

This paper presents the probabilistic record linkage (PRL) methodology as an alternative way to find or follow up hard-to-reach population as crack users. PRL was based on secondary data from public health information systems and the strategy used from standardization; phonetic encoding and the rounds of matching data were described. A total of 293 patient records from medical database and two administrative datasets obtained from Ministry of Health Information Systems were used. Patient information from the medical database was the identifiers to the administrative datasets containing data on outpatient treatment and hospital admissions. 40% of patient records were found in the hospital database and 12% were found in the outpatient database; 95% of the patients were hospitalized up to 5 times, and only 10 out of them had outpatient information. The record linkage methodology by linking government databases may help to address research questions about the path of patients in the care network without spending time and financial resources with primary data collection.
Fuzzy Logic in Traffic Engineering: A Review on Signal Control
Authors: Koukol Milan , Zajíčková Lenka , Marek Lukáš , Tuček Pavel
Published: September 2015

Since 1965 when the fuzzy logic and fuzzy algebra were introduced by Lotfi Zadeh, the fuzzy theory successfully found its applications in the wide range of subject fields. This is mainly due to its ability to process various data, including vague or uncertain data, and provide results that are suitable for the decision making. This paper aims to provide comprehensive overview of literature on fuzzy control systems used for the management of the road traffic flow at road junctions. Several theoretical approaches from basic fuzzy models from the late 1970s to most recent combinations of real-time data with fuzzy inference system and genetic algorithms are mentioned and discussed throughout the paper. In most cases, fuzzy logic controllers provide considerable improvements in the efficiency of traffic junctions’ management.
Complete Remissions of Adult T-cell Leukemia with Anti-CD25 Recombinant Immunotoxin LMB-2 and Chemotherapy to Block Immunogenicity
Authors: Kreitman Robert J. , Stetler-Stevenson Maryalice , Jaffe Elaine S. , Conlon Kevin C. , Steinberg Seth M. , Wilson Wyndham , Waldmann Thomas A. , Pastan Ira
Published: September 2015

Purpose: Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is usually CD25+ and rapidly fatal. Anti-CD25 recombinant immunotoxin LMB-2 had phase I activity limited by immunogenicity and rapid growth. To prevent antidrug antibodies and leukemic progression between cycles, a phase II trial was performed with LMB-2 after cyclophosphamide and fludarabine.

Experimental Design: ATL patients received cyclophosphamide and fludarabine days 1 to 3 and 2 weeks later began up to 6 cycles at 3-week intervals of cyclophosphamide and fludarabine days 1 to 3 followed by LMB-2 30–40 μg/kg i.v. days 3, 5, and 7. Three different dose levels of cyclophosphamide and fludarabine were used, 20+200 (n = 3), 25+250 (n = 12), and 30+300 mg/m2 (n = 2).

Results: Of 17 patients enrolled and treated with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide for cycle-1, 15 received subsequent cycle(s) containing LMB-2 and were therefore evaluable for response. Lack of antibody formation permitted retreatment in most patients. Of 10 evaluable leukemic patients receiving 25+250 or 30+300 mg/m2 of fludarabine and cyclophosphamide, 6 (60%) achieved complete remission (CR) and 2 (20%) partial remission (PR), and all 5 with >25% leukemic cells achieved CR. No responses were achieved in 5 with lymphomatous ATL or lower fludarabine and cyclophosphamide doses. Median CR duration for the 6 CRs was 40 weeks. One is without detectable ATL at 47 months. Toxicity was mostly attributable to fludarabine and cyclophosphamide. Capillary leak from LMB-2 was non-dose limiting. One patient in CR died of a preexisting infection.

Conclusions: LMB-2, administered with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide to prevent antidrug antibodies and rapid intercycle progression, is highly effective in achieving CR in leukemia ATL. Fludarabine and cyclophosphamide dose/schedule is important for safety and efficacy in this high-risk population. Clin Cancer Res; 22(2); 310–8. ©2015 AACR.