bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
T Cells Deficient in the Tyrosine Phosphatase SHP-1 Resist Suppression by Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Mercadante Emily R. , Lorenz Ulrike M.
Published: May 2017

The balance between activation of T cells and their suppression by regulatory T cells (Tregs) is dysregulated in autoimmune diseases and cancer. Autoimmune diseases feature T cells that are resistant to suppression by Tregs, whereas in cancer, T cells are unable to mount antitumor responses due to the Treg-enriched suppressive microenvironment. In this study, we observed that loss of the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1, a negative regulator of TCR signaling, renders naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells resistant to Treg-mediated suppression in a T cell–intrinsic manner. At the intracellular level, SHP-1 controlled the extent of Akt activation, which has been linked to the induction of T cell resistance to Treg suppression. Finally, under conditions of homeostatic expansion, SHP-1–deficient CD4+ T cells resisted Treg suppression in vivo. Collectively, these data establish SHP-1 as a critical player in setting the threshold downstream of TCR signaling and identify a novel function of SHP-1 as a regulator of T cell susceptibility to Treg-mediated suppression in vitro and in vivo. Thus, SHP-1 could represent a potential novel immunotherapeutic target to modulate susceptibility of T cells to Treg suppression.
T Cell–Mediated Humoral Immune Responses to Type 3 Capsular Polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Middleton Dustin R. , Sun Lina , Paschall Amy V. , Avci Fikri Y.
Published: June 2017

Most pathogenic bacteria express surface carbohydrates called capsular polysaccharides (CPSs). CPSs are important vaccine targets because they are easily accessible and recognizable by the immune system. However, CPS-specific adaptive humoral immune responses can only be achieved by the covalent conjugation of CPSs with carrier proteins to produce glycoconjugate vaccines. We previously described a mechanism by which a model glycoconjugate vaccine can activate the adaptive immune system and demonstrated that the mammalian CD4+ T cell repertoire contains a population of carbohydrate-specific T cells. In this study, we use glycoconjugates of type 3 Streptococcus pneumoniae CPS (Pn3P) to assess whether the carbohydrate-specific adaptive immune response exemplified in our previous study can be applied to the conjugates of this lethal pathogen. In this article, we provide evidence for the functional roles of Pn3P-specific CD4+ T cells utilizing mouse immunization schemes that induce Pn3P-specific IgG responses in a carbohydrate-specific T cell–dependent manner.
Enhanced Effector Functions Due to Antibody Defucosylation Depend on the Effector Cell Fcγ Receptor Profile
Authors: Bruggeman Christine W. , Dekkers Gillian , Bentlage Arthur E. H. , Treffers Louise W. , Nagelkerke Sietse Q. , Lissenberg-Thunnissen Suzanne , Koeleman Carolien A. M. , Wuhrer Manfred , van den Berg Timo K. , Rispens Theo , Vidarsson Gestur , Kuijpers Taco W.
Published: June 2017

Abs of the IgG isotype are glycosylated in their Fc domain at a conserved asparagine at position 297. Removal of the core fucose of this glycan greatly increases the affinity for FcγRIII, resulting in enhanced FcγRIII-mediated effector functions. Normal plasma IgG contains ∼94% fucosylated Abs, but alloantibodies against, for example, Rhesus D (RhD) and platelet Ags frequently have reduced fucosylation that enhances their pathogenicity. The increased FcγRIII-mediated effector functions have been put to use in various afucosylated therapeutic Abs in anticancer treatment. To test the functional consequences of Ab fucosylation, we produced V-gene–matched recombinant anti-RhD IgG Abs of the four different subclasses (IgG1–4) with and without core fucose (i.e., 20% fucose remaining). Binding to all human FcγR types and their functional isoforms was assessed with surface plasmon resonance. All hypofucosylated anti-RhD IgGs of all IgG subclasses indeed showed enhanced binding affinity for isolated FcγRIII isoforms, without affecting binding affinity to other FcγRs. In contrast, when testing hypofucosylated anti-RhD Abs with FcγRIIIa-expressing NK cells, a 12- and 7-fold increased erythrocyte lysis was observed with the IgG1 and IgG3, respectively, but no increase with IgG2 and IgG4 anti-RhD Abs. Notably, none of the hypofucosylated IgGs enhanced effector function of macrophages, which, in contrast to NK cells, express a complex set of FcγRs, including FcγRIIIa. Our data suggest that the beneficial effects of afucosylated biologicals for clinical use can be particularly anticipated when there is a substantial involvement of FcγRIIIa-expressing cells, such as NK cells.
Viral RNA–Unprimed Rig-I Restrains Stat3 Activation in the Modulation of Regulatory T Cell/Th17 Cell Balance
Authors: Yang Hui , Guo He-Zhou , Li Xian-Yang , Lin Jian , Zhang Wu , Zhao Jun-Mei , Zhang Hong-Xin , Chen Sai-Juan , Chen Zhu , Zhu Jiang
Published: May 2017

Innate immunity activation by viral RNA–primed retinoid acid inducible gene-I (Rig-I) in CD4+ T cells antagonizes TGFβ signaling to suppress the differentiation of regulatory T cells (Tregs). However, how viral RNA–unliganded Rig-I (apo–Rig-I) modulates Treg generation remains unclear. In this article, we show that, in the absence of viral infection, Treg differentiation of Rig-I−/− CD4+ T cells was compromised, in the presence of increased generation of Th17 cells and overactivation of Stat3, a critical regulator tilting the Treg/Th17 cell balance. Mechanistically, apo–Rig-I physically associates with Stat3, thereby inhibiting Jak1’s association with Stat3 while facilitating Shp2’s association to inhibit p-Stat3 levels. Interestingly, inhibition of Stat3 ameliorates the Treg/Th17 imbalance and the colitis observed in Rig-I−/− mice. Collectively, these results uncover an independent functional contribution of the apo–Rig-I/Stat3 interaction in the maintenance of Treg/Th17 cell balance.
Infection and cross-infection in a Paediatric Gastro-enteritis unit
Authors: Jones Jean Bowen
Published: June 2017

A two month study to investigate the incidence o f nosocomial infection was conducted in a paediatric gastroenteritis ward o f a black academic hospital. Enteric pathogens were identified on admission in 61 (47,2%) o f 129 patients; 56 bacterial and 25 viral. Six per cent o f patients had a combination o f bacterial and viral pathogens. Enteric pathogens most frequently identified on admission were Campylobacter jejuni in 22%, Rotavirus in 19,3%, EPEC in 10,8% and Shigella spp. in 6,9% patients. Twenty six (20%) patients had more than 1 enteric pathogen. The nosocomial infection rate was recorded at 17,1%. EPEC occurred most commonly in 5,3% patients, Salmonella typhimurium in 4,6% and Shigella spp. in 2,3%. Nosocomial infections increased the mean length o f hospital stay from 7,2- 20,2 days. Contributory factors to the spread o f nosocomial infection were the unsatisfactory methods o f bathing patients and giving naso-gastric feeds.
‘n ondersoek na die werksbevrediging by die verpleegkundiges van die RSA
Authors: Koorts A.S. , Marais A.J.
Published: June 2017

The purpose of this study was to determine whether changes had occurred in the work satisfaction of nursing services after the establishment of private initiative in health care due to the deregulation program currently conducted by the government. In a survey conducted in the latter part of 1988 700 questionnaires were sent out of which 213 were returned which gives a response of 30,43 percent. The analysis was based on this data. The attitudes of the members of the nursing services ranged from antipathy to lively enthusiasm. It was, however, clear from the response that there exists a strong negative view amongst the nursing profession regarding remuneration, communication, training and promotion. These are tendencies that can harm the profession as a whole on the long run and should therefore receive special managerial attention. Recommendations include market related remuneration, continued nursing training, and planned career paths, as well as an appeal that only minimum admission requirements should be accepted as preconditions to training in order to cope with the growing Third World demands on health care services.
Eene stem uit mooi-rivier: Aan de Leden der Nederduitsch-Gereformeerde Kerk in de Hollandschafrikaansche Republiek.
Authors: Van der Hoff D. , Wolmarans F. G. , Pretorius H. S. , Snyman G. C. , Snyman Ph. , Liebenberg P. J. , Van Wyngaard J. J. , Bothma C. A. , Gildenhuys P. J.
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Boekbespreking
Authors: Van Zyl F. J. , Pont A. D. , De Wet J. I.
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Vrede in die boek van Esegiël
Authors: Van Rooy Herculaas F.
Published: June 2017

Peace in the Book of Ezekiel. The prophet Ezekiel lived in a time when the people of Judah did not experience peace. He was a captive in Babylonia and preached to the exiles about the fall of Jerusalem, and after having heard about the fall, he preached about the restoration of the people. The book does not use the Hebrew word םולֹ שׁ very often; moreover, the Hebrew word does not always denote ‘peace’. This article discusses the use of the word in Ezekiel, comparing it with the other prophetic books in the Old Testament. The word occurs only seven times in the book. In Ezekiel 7:25, it deals with a vain search for peace. In Ezekiel 13, the false prophets are admonished for proclaiming peace when there is no peace. In Ezekiel 34:25 and 37:26, a covenant of peace is proclaimed for the time of the eventual restoration of the people. The fact that ‘peace’ is not mentioned explicitly very often in the book can be related to the reaction of the prophet against the peace-prophets of his time.
Present day status and future of nature conservation in the Republic of Malawi
Authors: Anstey D.G. Anstey , Hall-Martin A.J. Hall-Martin
Published: June 2017

When Malawi (formerly Nyasaland) became independent in 1964 the status and future of its game reserves were in jeopardy. The former administration had adopted a policy of benign neglect towards the country's wildlife areas (Anon 1963), and the remnants of the Department of Game, Fish and Tsetse Control had been absorbed by the Forestry Department in 1963. Fortunately the Life President of Malawi, Dr H Kamuzu Banda, took a strong interest in wildlife conservation and it was only his personal intervention, and the advent of independence, that saved the former Lengwe Game Reserve from deproclamation (Hayes 1967) as planned by the colonial administration. With the Life President's encouragement and the dedicated efforts of the staff responsible for wildlife, the tide which had been running strongly against nature conservation was turned, culminating in the establishment of a separate Department of National Parks and Wildlife only a decade after independence.
Nature conservation as a resource for tourism
Authors: Owen T.C.
Published: June 2017

The spectacular development in air technology during and since the Second World War, and a parallel economic growth, have been responsible for a tremendous increase in international tourist statistics, making tourism the world's largest industry. For the sake of clear international definition, a tourist is regarded as a person who visits a country other than his country of normal residence, for any reason other than being gainfully employed within the country he visits. During 1975 such tourist arrivals numbered 213 million, and the receipts from international tourism amounted to US $32 000 million. Domestic tourism also plays an important role in most countries. It is the rule rather than the exception that the local tourist creates the demand for the development of amenities, which can then cater for the tourist from abroad.
Inleiding – Die idiolek van ’n skrywer
Authors: Du Plooy Heilna
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Acknowledgement to reviewers
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
The role of a multidisciplinary team meeting in an antiretroviral treatment programme
Authors: Van deventer C , Radebe M
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Introduction

The multidisciplinary team at the wellness clinic, Potchefstroom hospital has been having regular meetings since the clinic was accredited as a treatment site for HAART. The meetings have concentrated on patients who have experienced problems on treatment. The aim was to understand and overcome barriers to adherence and any other patient related issues at the clinic.

Method. Minutes of 2006 were audited in order to acquire an understanding of the difficulties faced by patients and to investigate outcomes of corrective interventions.

Results

17% of the files could not be traced in order to obtain more information. 36% of patients had stabilized with improved or undetectable viral loads. Alcohol and work related matters played an important role in poor adherence. There were however many other factors identified
Message from the executive
Authors: Venter Francois
Published: June 2017

The large International AIDS Society meeting has come and gone from Cape Town. The agenda was dominated by a New Big Idea, an audacious mathematical model by a group of brave World Health Organisation modellers showing that giving antiretroviral therapy to everyone with HIV, immediately, could make the epidemic disappear.
Efavirenz in pregnancy
Authors: Clayden Polly , Black Vivian , Boulle Andrew , Coovadia Ashraf Hassen , Venter Francois
Published: June 2017

No Abstract
Tuberculous abdominal abscess in an HIV-infected man: Neither infection previously diagnosed
Authors: Kao Kuo-Yao , Hung Tsung-I
Published: June 2017

A 38-year-old man had a 1-week history of right lower quadrant abdominal pain; the initial impression was that he had diverticulitis of the ascending colon with an intra-abdominal abscess. Signs of peritonitis mandated an immediate right hemicolectomy. The unusual location of the abscess and the patient’s unusual postoperative course suggested that he might also have a systemic disease. Testing for HIV infection was positive. After 2 weeks in hospital, he was treated as an outpatient for both tuberculosis and HIV with a favourable outcome.

In Taiwan a pre-operative HIV test is not performed routinely, and the HIV seroprevalence in surgical patient populations is unknown. Surgeons should keep the possibility of HIV infection in mind in a patient with an unusual clinical course.
Reflections on a decade of delivering PMTCT in Khayelitsha, South Africa
Authors: Stinson Kathryn , Giddy Janet , Cox Vivian , Burton Rosie , Ibeto Maryirene , Cragg Carol , Van Cutsem Gilles , Hilderbrand Katherine , Boulle Andrew , Coetzee David , Goemaere Eric
Published: June 2017

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Gestational trophoblastic neoplasm and women living with HIV and/or AIDS
Authors: Barnardt Pieter , Relling Martha
Published: June 2017

The 2011 World Health Organization global report on HIV and/or AIDS estimated that sub-Saharan Africa comprised 67% of the global HIV burden, with a current estimate of 5.9 million cases in South Africa. Since the introduction of antiretroviral therapy, there has been an increase in the incidence of non-AIDS-defining cancers. Gestational trophoblastic neoplasm (GTN) is a rare pregnancy-related disorder with an incidence ranging from 0.12–0.7/1000 pregnancies in Western nations. The overall cure rate is about 90%. Response to treatment for GTN is generally favourable; but the sequelae of HIV and/or AIDS, the resultant low CD4 counts, comorbidities, poor performance status and the extent of metastatic disease in patients receiving chemotherapy, compromise the prognosis and survival.
Reconciling the science and policy divide: The reality of scaling up antiretroviral therapy in South Africa
Authors: Whiteside Alan , Cohen Jamie , Strauss Michael
Published: June 2017

With the world’s largest national treatment programme and over 340 000 incident casesannually, the response to HIV in South Africa is hotly contested and there is sometimes adissonance between activism, science and policy. Too often, policy, whilst well intentioned, isinformed only by epidemiological data. The state of the healthcare system and socioculturalfactors drive and shape the epidemic and its response. By analysis of the financial,infrastructural, human resources for health, and governance landscape in South Africa,we assess the feasibility and associated costs of implementing a universal test and treatprogramme. We situate a universal test and treat strategy within the governance, fiscal,human resources for health, and infrastructural landscape in South Africa. We argue that theresponse to the epidemic must be forward thinking, progressive and make the most of thebenefits from treatment as prevention. However, the logistics of implementing a universaltest and treat strategy mean that this option is problematic in the short term. We recommenda health systems strengthening HIV treatment and prevention approach that includes scalingup treatment (for treatment and prevention) along with a range of other prevention strategies.
HIV counselling and testing in secondary schools: What students want
Authors: Lawrence Estelle , Struthers Patricia , Van Hove Geert
Published: June 2017

Background: HIV counselling and testing (HCT) is an essential element in the response to the HIV epidemic. There are still major research gaps about the best ways to provide HCT, especially to the youth, and school-based HCT is a model that has been suggested. To make HCT youth friendly and to enhance access to the service, the particular needs of the youth need to be addressed.Aim: To explore the expressed needs of students about school-based HCT service provision.Method: The study was conducted in 6 secondary schools in Cape Town where a mobile HCT service is provided by a non-governmental organisation. In each school, two mixed-gender focus groups were held, one with grades 8 and 9 students and one with grades 10 and 11. A total of 91 students aged 13–21 were involved. The focus groups were conducted in the students’ home language. All groups were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and translated into English.Results: Content data analysis was done and the following themes emerged: (1) Where the students want HCT to be done, (2) How they want HCT to be done and (3) Who should do the counselling. Most students want HCT to be provided in schools on condition that their fears and expressed needs are taken into account. They raised concerns regarding privacy and confidentiality, and expressed the need to be given information regarding HCT before testing is done. They wanted staff providing the service to be experienced and trained to work with youth, and they wanted students who tested positive to be followed up and supported.Conclusion: To increase youth utilisation of the HCT service, their expressed needs should be taken into account when developing a model for school-based HCT.
Profile - Steven Miller
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
South Africa is my fantasy world
Authors: Bekker Linda-Gail
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
The prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults
Authors: Maartens G.
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Things to think about
Authors: Bekker Linda-Gail
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
From the editor
Authors: Martin Des
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Saluting diversity
Authors: Eales C. J.
Published: June 2017

No abstract available
Exercise tolerance in type - 2 male diabetics
Authors: Odedbiyi D. O. , Ohwovoriole A. E.
Published: June 2017

The objective of this study was to compare the exercisetolerance of a set of male diabetic Nigerians with non-diabetic male subjects. Ten male Type-2 diabetics between the ages of 35 and 50 years in good glycaemic control and ten male non-diabetic controls of similar age were exercised on the ergometer at uptake of 90% and 60% V02 max respectively for anaerobic and aerobic exercises. Cardiovascular and fatigue rates or times to fatigue were then determined in both groups.In both diabetics and controls, the time to fatigue was significantly longer during exercise at 60% VO2max than at 90% VO2max (P<0.01). During aerobic exercise, the mean times to fatigue were very similar in the diabetic and control men {427.5 (38.0) secs. V 439 .0 (56.9) secs. p> 0.1}. The diabetic men fatigued more easily than controls under anaerobic condition (p 0.1 > p > 0.05). Type 2 male diabetics with good glycaemic control appear to tolerate aerobic exercise as well as non-diabetic males, but less so during anaerobic exercise. This difference in aerobic and anaerobic exercise tolerance should be borne in mind in prescribing exercise regimes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Community based clinical program: the Medunsa physiotherapy students` experience
Authors: Taukobong N. P.
Published: June 2017

Backgound: The aim of community based clinical training is tproduce graduates who are responsive to the health needs of their communit It is envisaged that upon completion of training graduates would go back an serve their respective communities following exposure to community need Program evaluation should therefore allow students to express the inadequacie and strengths of the program.Aim: To evaluate the community-based clinical program through student's experiences.Methodology: A qualitative research design was used. End of block students reports for both third (8) and fourth (15) year physiotherapy students (n = 23) were used to collect the data. Responses in the reports were grouped into the following categories for purpose of data analysis: feeling about the block, suggestion/s and supervision.Results: The students described the community based clinical program as an unique learning experience which equipped them with the understanding of life within communities. Sixty five percent (65%) expressed satisfaction with the supervision given. The main complaints were amounts of paper work involved and clinical workload.Conclusion: The student's experiences indicated that the community-based clinical program within the MEDUNSA physiotherapy department realizes the goal of community-based clinical training as determined by WHO, except for inclusion of some multi-professional approaches and adaptation of the supervision provided.
Patient education on back care
Authors: Van Eck C.
Published: June 2017

Study Design: Clinical PerspectiveObjective: To provide back care education for patients with low back pain. Background:  Understanding the internal and external forces the body issubjected to, as well as the spine’s response to these forces, can better equipphysiotherapists in educating patients with low back pain. Methods and Measures: The focus of the clinical perspective is to providephysiotherapists with clinically sound reasoning when educating patients. Results: Providing a patient handout, educating them in how to incorporate back care knowledge into their dailyactivities.Conclusion: Physiotherapists can play a significant role in empowering patients through education to take responsi-bility for their disability.
A different approach to the management of greater trochanter pain syndrome
Authors: Van Rooy J.C.
Published: June 2017

Greater trochanter pain syndrome (GTPS), also known astrochanteric bursitis, is a regional pain syndrome that is frequently treatedby physiotherapists in private practice or out-patient departments.  It is classi -fied as an overuse injury that could become chronic in nature and frequentlyco-exists with other pathologies.This case study describes the treatment of a 61-year-old female with GTPS of her left hip. The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of specificsoft tissue mobilisation (SSTM) and eccentric strengthening of the Gluteus Medius (GM) muscle in treating this condition. Particular emphasis was placed on rehabilitation of lumbar spine control in order to improve proximal stability. A nother aim was to return the patient faster to her functional activitiesthan had been reported in the literature. The patient could return to her normal daily activities after four treatment sessions and was completely pain free after 12 weeks. This case study presents a different approach to the treatment of GTPS and proposes that GTPS maypresent in a similar manner to GM tendinosis. This phenomenon could therefore possibly explain the chronic nature ofthe condition.
Manual therapy treatment of lumbar radiculopathy: A single case report
Authors: Riley J.A.
Published: June 2017

Patients  with  lumbar  radiculopathy  are  often  managed with  manual therapy.  The  aim  of  this  single  case  study  was  to  describe  the outcome of manual therapy treatment of a patient with lumbar radiculopathy.  A 47-year-old female presented with acute, severe left buttock and postero-lateral thigh pain.  Symptom provocation occurred during lumbar flexion, coughing, sneezing, driving and prolonged sitting. her left straight leg raise neurodynamic test was limited and reproduced her pain, as did trigger points in the left lumbar and gluteal muscles. clinical neuro-conduction testing revealed weakness of the big and other toe extensors, as well as eversion and plantar flexion of the left ankle, and a diminished left ankle reflex. This indicated possible involvement of both the l5 and S1 nerve roots.   A  manual  therapy  treatment  approach including  lumbar rotation mobilisations (Maitland approach), massage, trigger point pressure release  and  Transversus  Abdominus muscle activation  was  used.   The  patient  was  symptom  free,  had  full pain-free  range  of  all  lumbar  movements,  a full  pain-free  left  straight leg  raise  neurodynamic  test  and  normal  neurological  conduction  six weeks  after  onset, following seven manual therapy treatments.  Although the results of this case report cannot be generalised, it describes the successful outcome of a patient with severe radicular pain and neurological deficits, whose signs and symptoms  had completely resolved following manual therapy treatment.
Rehabilitation Outcomes of Persons with Complete Paraplegia at a Private Rehabilitation Hospital
Authors: Henn R. , Visagie S. , Mji G.
Published: June 2017

In order to overcome activity limitations, prevent secondarycomplications and early death and achieve community integration comprehensiverehabilitation post spinal cord injury (SCI), is essential. The aim ofthe study was to evaluate outcomes of patients with complete paraplegia whoreceived rehabilitation at a private rehabilitation hospital.A quantitative, descriptive methodology was implemented. All patientswith complete, traumatic, thoracic spinal cord injuries, admitted to the studyhospital in the study period, were consecutively sampled. Thirty five patientswere identified of whom16 adhered to the inclusion criteria. The FunctionalIndependence Measure (FIM ) and Needs Assessment Checklist (NAC) wereused as measuring instruments.The mean length of stay was 95 days. Discharge FIM motor scores ranged from 72 to 83 with a mean of 79.3. Themean gain in FIM motor score was 55 and varied from 45 to 61. Discharge NAC scores ranged from 264 to 340 with amean of 300 out of a possible 347. A correlation between length of stay and discharge FIM scores (p = 0.05) were found.Both NAC and FIM scores indicated high levels of physical independence. According to NAC scores patients wereeducated on the prevention of secondary complications and received psychological counselling. Discharge planningand community integration scored lower with means of 80% and 61% respectively. Community based completionof rehabilitation programmes, the incorporation of the NAC, or another participation outcome measure and implementationof on-going programme monitoring and assessment strategies is recommended.
HIV/AIDS in Physiotherapy Education – Mainstreaming Using UN Principles
Authors: Myezwa H. , Stewart A.
Published: June 2017

HIV /AID S remains at epidemic levels in South Africa with onein ten people affected by the HI virus. The United Nations program for AID S(UNAID S) has defined five principles that can be used to mainstream HIV .The five key principles are: the development of a clearly defined entry point;use of existing policies, structures and frameworks; advocacy sensitizationand capacity building; distinguishing between the external (institutionalinterventions) and internal (staff risks and vulnerability) domain; and developingstrategic partnerships. A proposed HIV curriculum for physiotherapists wasbeen developed from a series of studies undertaken to understand the issues related to HIV using the principles ofmainstreaming.The purpose of this paper is to explore how each principle of mainstreaming can be applied in physiotherapyeducation and curricula.Each mainstreaming principle was considered and ways in which it could be mainstreamed into physiotherapytraining and practice, using data from the patients’, academics’ and clinicians’ experience were proposed.The five principles can be used in South African settings. In principle one the aetiology, approaches to treatment,management of conditions and symptoms are used to identify entry points for introducing HIV teaching. Relevantexamples of conditions associated with HIV include pain, stroke, specific muscle weakness patterns, fatigue andcardiopulmonary system problems (e.g. breathlessness). The role of physiotherapy in HIV management is also a goodentry point.For principle two, policies were considered. Pertinent areas such as antiretroviral use, frameworks such as theInternational Classification of Function (ICF), Worthington’s rehabilitation framework and CBR can also be integratedwith HIV physiotherapy curriculum and practice. Sensitised and aware staff as promoted in principle three,can advocate for affected patients and role model appropriate practice and attitudes in HIV management thuscontributing to reducing stigma and burnout. Integrating policies with the need to avoid risks and correct inappropriateattitudes of staff is promoted and promoting strategic partnerships and collaborative work will help provideappropriate services.Using the mainstreaming principles allows for the inclusion of HIV content in physiotherapy education and practice.Both physiotherapy curriculum and continuous professional development may use this information to respondappropriately.
Dipteropeltis – a hundred years later
Authors: Everts L. , Avenant-Oldewage A.
Published: June 2017

Specimens archived asDipteropeltis hirundoCalman,1912 on loan from theInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia(INPA) in Brazil were morphologically compared to previous descriptions of the species.
Near-road sampling of PM2. 5, BC, and fine-particle chemical components in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal
Authors: Shakya Kabindra M. , Rupakheti Maheswar , Shahi Anima , Maskey Rejina , Pradhan Bidya , Panday Arnico , Puppala Siva P. , Lawrence Mark , Peltier Richard E.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Semicontinuous PM2. 5 and black carbon (BC) concentrations, and 24 h integrated PM2. 5 filter samples were collected near roadways in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Instruments were carried by a group of volunteer traffic police officers in the vicinity of six major roadway intersections in the Kathmandu Valley across two sampling periods in 2014. Daily PM2. 5 filter samples were analyzed for water-soluble inorganic ions, elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC), and 24 elements. Mean PM2. 5 and BC concentrations were 124.76 µg m−3 and 16.74 µgC m−3 during the drier spring sampling period, and 45.92 µg m−3 and 13.46 µgC m−3 during monsoonal sampling. Despite the lower monsoonal PM2. 5 concentrations, BC and several elements were not significantly lower during the monsoon, which indicates an important contribution of vehicle-related emissions throughout both seasons in this region. During the monsoon, there was an enhanced contribution of chemical species (elements and water-soluble inorganic ions), except secondary inorganic ions, and BC to PM2. 5 (crustal elements: 19 %; heavy metals: 5 %; and BC: 39 %) compared to those in spring (crustal elements: 9 %; heavy metals: 1 %; and BC: 18 %). Silica, calcium, aluminum, and iron were the most abundant elements during both spring and the monsoon, with total concentrations of 12.13 and 8.85 µg m−3, respectively. PM2. 5 and BC showed less spatial variation compared to that for individual chemical species.
A new diagnostic for tropospheric ozone production
Authors: Edwards Peter M. , Evans Mathew J.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Tropospheric ozone is important for the Earth’s climate and air quality. It is produced during the oxidation of organics in the presence of nitrogen oxides. Due to the range of organic species emitted and the chain like nature of their oxidation, this chemistry is complex and understanding the role of different processes (emission, deposition, chemistry) is difficult. We demonstrate a new methodology for diagnosing ozone production based on the processing of bonds contained within emitted molecules, the fate of which is determined by the conservation of spin of the bonding electrons. Using this methodology to diagnose ozone production in the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model, we demonstrate its advantages over the standard diagnostic. We show that the number of bonds emitted, their chemistry and lifetime, and feedbacks on OH are all important in determining the ozone production within the model and its sensitivity to changes. This insight may allow future model-model comparisons to better identify the root causes of model differences.
In-flight performance of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument
Authors: Schenkeveld V. M. Erik , Jaross Glen , Marchenko Sergey , Haffner David , Kleipool Quintus L. , Rozemeijer Nico C. , Veefkind J. Pepijn , Levelt Pieternel F.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. The Dutch–Finnish Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) is an imaging spectrograph flying on NASA's EOS Aura satellite since 15 July 2004. OMI is primarily used to map trace-gas concentrations in the Earth's atmosphere, obtaining mid-resolution (0.4–0.6 nm) ultraviolet–visible (UV–VIS; 264–504 nm) spectra at multiple (30–60) simultaneous fields of view. Assessed via various approaches that include monitoring of radiances from selected ocean, land ice and cloud areas, as well as measurements of line profiles in the solar spectra, the instrument shows low optical degradation and high wavelength stability over the mission lifetime. In the regions relatively free from the slowly unraveling row anomaly (RA) the OMI irradiances have degraded by 3–8 %, while radiances have changed by 1–2 %. The long-term wavelength calibration of the instrument remains stable to 0.005–0.020 nm.
Evaluation of five dry particle deposition parameterizations for incorporation into atmospheric transport models
Authors: Khan Tanvir R. , Perlinger Judith A.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Despite considerable effort to develop mechanistic dry particle deposition parameterizations for atmospheric transport models, current knowledge has been inadequate to propose quantitative measures of the relative performance of available parameterizations. In this study, we evaluated the performance of five dry particle deposition parameterizations developed by Zhang et al. (2001) (Z01), Petroff and Zhang (2010) (PZ10), Kouznetsov and Sofiev (2012) (KS12), Zhang and He (2014) (ZH14), and Zhang and Sao (2014) (ZS14), respectively. The evaluation was performed in three dimensions: model ability to reproduce observed deposition velocities, Vd (accuracy), the influence of imprecision in input parameter values on the modeled Vd (uncertainty), and identification of the most influential parameter(s) (sensitivity). The accuracy of the modeled Vd was evaluated using observations obtained from five land use categories (LUCs): grass, coniferous and deciduous forests, natural water, and ice/snow. To ascertain the uncertainty in modeled Vd, and quantify the influence of imprecision in key model input parameters, a Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis was performed. The Sobol' sensitivity analysis was conducted with the objective to determine the parameter ranking, from the most to the least influential. Comparing the normalized mean bias factors (indicator of accuracy), we find that the ZH14 parameterization is the most accurate for all LUCs except for coniferous forest, for which it is second most accurate (BNMBF = −2.31). From Monte Carlo simulations, the estimated mean normalized uncertainties in the modeled Vd obtained for seven particle sizes (ranging from 0.005 to 2.5 μm) for the five LUCs are 17 %, 12 %, 13 %, 16 %, and 27 % for the Z01, PZ10, KS12, ZH14, and ZS14 parameterizations, respectively. From the Sobol' sensitivity results, we suggest that the parameter rankings vary by particle size and LUC for a given parameterization. Overall, for dp = 0.001 to 1.0 μm, friction velocity was one of the three most influential parameters in all parameterizations. For giant particles (dp = 10 μm), relative humidity was the most influential parameter. Because it is the least complex of the five parameterizations, and it has the greatest accuracy and least uncertainty, we propose that the ZH14 parameterization is currently superior for incorporation into atmospheric transport models.
Warfarina: fatores que influenciam no índice de normatização internacional
Authors: Campanili Ticiane C. G. F. , Ayoub Andrea Cotait
Published: June 2017

O tratamento com Warfarina reduz a capacidade de coagulação do sangue, sendo acompanhado laboratorialmente pelo tempo de protrombina expresso como no índice de normatização internacional(INR). Fatores socioeconômicos, culturais e a terapêutica podem influenciar os resultados. Objetivo: caracterizar pacientes em uso de Warfarina e identificar fatores que colaboraram para o INR permanecer fora da faixa terapêutica (INR <2,0 ou >3,0).  Estudo descritivo exploratório utilizando instrumento de coleta de dados, com as variáveis: caracterização do paciente, uso da Warfarina e sua forma de utilização, hábitos alimentares, atividade física, controle do INR. Amostra foi de 38 pacientes que recebiam Warfarina há trinta dias com INR fora da faixa terapêutica. Os pacientes apresentavam hábitos alimentares inadequados, interação medicamentosa da Warfarina com antibióticos e antiarrítmicos e adesão prejudicada ao tratamento.
Cultura, saúde e enfermagem: o saber, o direito e o fazer crítico-humano
Authors: Silva Rose Mary Costa Rosa Andrade , Pereira Eliane Ramos , Santo Fátima Helena do Espírito , Silva Marcos Andrade
Published: June 2017

Trata-se de um trabalho que apresenta uma reflexão teórico-filosófica acerca da cultura, saúde e enfermagem. Selecionamos autores que entendem a filosofia como um saber que coloca os problemas do pensar e do agir como questão ou processo. Focalizamos três instâncias, a saber: a cultura, a saúde e a enfermagem como saber, direito e fazer crítico. A cultura é compreendida como resposta do homem ao desafio da existência onde o humano se realiza. A enfermagem é um fazer crítico humano e ao fazer, o enfermeiro se faz. O enfermeiro percebe-se como capaz de transformar a natureza e a si mesmo no trabalho. A saúde é um direito a ser conquistado e historicamente esta perspectiva passa a ganhar corpo, ainda que lentamente, na cidade moderna. Conclui-se que a cultura aparece como “seiva” que nutre a ação humana, a forma através da qual a humanidade se configura no triângulo: cultura, trabalho/enfermagem e saúde.
Influência do armazenamento e da embalagem na manutenção da esterilidade do instrumental odontológico
Authors: Serratine Ana Claudina Prudêncio , Gonçalves Claudia De Souza , Luçolli Isabelle Cassatti
Published: June 2017

Este estudo teve por objetivo verificar o prazo de validade da esterilização de instrumental embalado e armazenado sob diversas condições. Foram confeccionados 395 corpos de prova metálicos, que após contaminação com Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 19433, NEWPROV) foram subdivididos em seis grupos, compostos por 65 unidades. Cada grupo foi embalado, respectivamente, com papel Kraft, crepado, grau cirúrgico com filme, papel alumínio, tecido de algodão cru duplo e tecido tipo brim. Depois de submetidos à esterilização, os pacotes foram subdivididos, permanecendo trinta de cada tipo acondicionados em caixa plástica fechada e os demais soltos no interior do mesmo armário fechado. Após períodos de 7, 15, 30, 45, 90 e 148 dias, corpos de prova contidos em cinco pacotes de cada tipo de material de embalagem e armazenamento foram inoculados em meio de cultivo e incubados à 37oC por quarenta e oito horas. Após este tempo a análise microbiológica era realizada para verificar a manutenção da esterilidade dos espécimes. Todos os corpos de prova permaneceram estéreis por até 148 dias nas condições de empacotamento e armazenamento testadas. Contudo, sugere-se que as instituições de saúde realizem investigações para validar o tempo de manutenção da esterilidade dos artigos, de acordo com sua própria rotina.
Qualidade de vida: percepção de enfermeiros numa abordagem qualitativa
Authors: Araújo Gisélia Alves , Soares Maria Júlia Guimarães Oliveira , Henriques Maria Emília Romero de Miranda
Published: June 2017

Essa investigação teve como objetivos verificar o significado de qualidade de vida para os enfermeiros do Hospital Universitário Lauro Wanderley (HULW); verificar a percepção dos enfermeiros quanto a sua QV e identificar fatores que interferem na QV desses profissionais. O estudo do tipo exploratório-descritivo com enfoque qualitativo foi realizado no HULW de João Pessoa - PB. A amostra constituiu-se de 12 enfermeiros da área hospitalar. A coleta de dados ocorreu no mês de março de 2006, após aprovação do Comitê de Ética. Utilizou-se um questionário para a coleta dos dados e, para a análise desses dados, utilizou-se a técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo, que possibilitou a obtenção dos seguintes resultados para a formação das idéias centrais: um estado de harmonia, de vida equilibrada no âmbito bio-psico-sócio-espiritual; vida digna; péssima qualidade de vida pelo acúmulo de atividades; boa qualidade de vida, por poder conciliar várias coisas necessárias a essa qualidade; fator financeiro, excesso de trabalho, cobrança do mercado de trabalho interferindo na relação familiar; as dificuldades do cotidiano. Concluímos tornar-se necessário que, na atuação do enfermeiro, exista a preocupação de equilibrar as condições de trabalho e de vida pessoal em prol da satisfação de sua qualidade de vida.
Caracterização do comportamento de cuidadores informais de pacientes com feridas no âmbito hospitalar
Authors: Guimarães Taynara Kelly , Sousa Rosacelia Ribeiro de , Coelho Débora Gontijo , Galdino Júnior Hélio
Published: June 2017

O cuidado com feridas no ambiente hospitalar continua no domicílio após a alta e é realizado pelo cuidador informal. Objetivou-se com este estudo caracterizar o comportamento do cuidador informal durante o tratamento de feridas de pacientes hospitalizados. Estudo prospectivo, realizado com 39 cuidadores de pacientes com feridas, em um hospital universitário do Centro-Oeste brasileiro. Os dados foram coletados por meio da observação direta não participante e entrevista. Verificou-se que 94,9% dos cuidadores permaneceram na enfermaria durante o curativo. Destes, 97,3% ficaram próximos ao paciente; 73% observaram atentamente; 54,1% conheciam a evolução da ferida; 59,5% se envolveram no procedimento e fizeram questionamentos sobre o curativo e/ou materiais utilizados. A maioria dos cuidadores de pessoas hospitalizadas com feridas, tem interesse e participam de algum modo, na realização do curativo. A equipe de enfermagem pode aproveitar tais momentos para orientar o cuidador e prepará-lo para os cuidados no domicílio.
Report on 50 Cases of Severe Acute Hypotension at Donor Plasmaphereses: Treatment and Course
Authors: Evers Josef , Schreiber George B. , Taborski Uwe
Published: June 2017

Introduction

This paper reports our experience in 50 cases with severe hypotensive reactions at plasma donations (synonymous with donor plasmaphereses).

Methods

Plasma donors who developed a severe acute hypotensive reaction at donor plasmapheresis, and were treated by placing the donor in the Trendelenburg position and rapid infusion of 1,000 mL saline were investigated. Plasmaphereses were performed with the Haemonetics® plasma collecting system 2 (PCS2). The results were analyzed using Excel.

Results

We observed 50 severe hypotensive reactions in plasma donors. The average systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP, DBP) were 128/75 mmHg – and heart rates were 78 beats/min (B/M) before plasmaphereses, 83/56 mmHg – 60 B/M at the event, and after treatment 119/71 mmHg – 69 B/M at the time of discharge. The volume of collected plasma was 602 ± 240 mL including anticoagulant (AC). The time until the event was 45 ± 20 minutes. With treatment 49 ± 18 minutes after the event all plasma donors had normal blood pressures and heart rates and could safely leave the center.

Conclusions

Treatment by placing the donor in the Trendelenburg position and rapid infusion of 1,000 mL saline appears to be an effective procedure for resolving severe acute hypotension associated with donor plasmaphereses.
Argentinean Experience in Highways Led Lighting
Authors: Ixtaina Pablo , Armas Alejandro , Bannert Braian , Bufo Nicolás
Published: May 2017

The impact of led luminaries on road lighting has modified traditional design patterns. The technological change proposes an installation with a higher prime cost and less energy consumption. On the one hand, the price ratio between led luminary and traditional luminary is at least 3:1. On the other, the led better energetic efficiency could allow keeping proper illumination levels with less installed power. In this frame, since mid 2013, the road concessionaires of highways which constitute the Access Network to Buenos Aires city (Argentina), together with Urban Highways of the mentioned city, began a restructuring process of their lighting systems to led technology. Framed in a review of efficiency concepts and energetic classification for road lighting installations, the work presents the main results of the previous evaluation tests and of the reconverted installations, which can be considered as the first led applications at large scale on road lighting of the region.
Spatio-Temporal Growth of Benin City, Nigeria, and Its Implications for Access to Infrastructure
Authors: Balogun Toju. F. , Onokerhoraye. Andrew G.
Published: May 2017

The study looks at population growth, spatial expansion and its implications on access to public infrastructure in Benin City. Remote Sensing and GPS were used to generate data for the study. Image processing was carried out with ENVI to assess the spatio-temporal growth of Benin City while ArcGIS was used for neighbourhood analysis of residents’ access to public facilities. The study reveals that there is a strong positive relationship between population and built-up area with correlation coefficient of 0.794 at p=0.05level. It further reveals that both the population and spatial growth of Benin City are faster than the pace of infrastructure provision and that the lag between the growth of Benin City and infrastructure provision is impacting negatively on the quality of lives of the residents and threatens the sustainability of urban environment. To bridge the infrastructure gap the study suggests that alternative sources of fund other than federal allocation be sought for, as the capacity of the urban government to finance infrastructure within the current available revenue is limited.