bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence on the temperature estimation of the planetary boundary layer scheme with different minimum eddy diffusivity in WRF v3.9.1.1
Authors: Ding Hongyi , Cao Le , Jiang Haimei , Jia Wenxing , Chen Yong , An Junling
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The minimum eddy diffusivity (Kzmin⁡) in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) scheme can influence the model performance when simulating meteorological parameters such as temperature. However, detailed studies on the sensitivities of the simulated temperatures to the settings of Kzmin⁡ are still lacking. Thus, in this study we evaluated the performance of the ACM2 (Asymmetrical Convective Model version 2) scheme in the WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) model with different Kzmin⁡ settings when simulating the spatiotemporal distribution of the temperature in the region of Beijing, China. Five constant values and a function were implemented in the model to calculate Kzmin⁡, and the simulation results with different Kzmin⁡ settings were compared and analyzed.
The results show that the increase in Kzmin⁡ leads to an elevation of the 2 m temperature, especially at nighttime. We figured out that the deviation in the 2 m temperature at night is mainly caused by the different estimations of the turbulent mixing under stable conditions in simulation scenarios with different Kzmin⁡ settings. Moreover, the spatial distribution of the temperature deviation indicates that under various underlying surface categories, the change in Kzmin⁡ exerts a distinct influence on the prediction of the 2 m temperature. This influence was found to be stronger during the nighttime than during the daytime, in plain areas than in mountain areas, and in urban areas than in non-urban areas. During the night in the urban areas, the influence on the simulated 2 m temperature brought about by the change in Kzmin⁡ is the strongest. In addition, the model performance using a functional-type Kzmin⁡ in the ACM2 scheme for capturing the spatiotemporal distribution of the temperature in this region was also compared with that using a constant Kzmin⁡.
Characterization of specular freeform surfaces from reflected ray directions using experimental ray tracing
Authors: Binkele Tobias , Hilbig David , Essameldin Mahmoud , Henning Thomas , Fleischmann Friedrich , Lang Walter
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The applications of freeform surfaces in optical components and systems are increasing more and more. Therefore, appropriate measurement techniques are needed to measure these freeform surfaces for verification. This task is still a challenge for most measurement techniques. In this paper, we propose a measurement technique for optical and other specular freeform surfaces based on experimental ray tracing. This technique is able to measure form and mid-spatial-frequency deviations simultaneously. The focus will be set on the sensing technique and the measurement uncertainties in the setup. As the measurement technique is described, an estimation of the influence of different uncertainties based on simulations is given. The result from an experimental measurement is evaluated in relation to the influence of the uncertainties. A comparison measurement for evaluation is given.
Citizens and the Florida residential property market: how to return to an insurer of last resort
Authors: Born Patricia , Cole Cassandra R. , Nyce Charles
Published: October 2021

Developments in 2020 have heightened concerns regarding market disruptions, which could result in increases in Citizens Property Insurance Corporation's (Citizen's) exposure. As a result, Citizens contracted with Florida State University (FSU) to conduct an analysis of Citizens' exposure and identify: 1) opportunities to reduce its exposure; and 2) ways to increase the availability of private market residential property insurance. The FSU study finds that while Citizens has real opportunities to effectively reduce its exposure in the long term, a combination of strategies will be necessary to ensure the adequacy of rates and solvency of private insurers operating in the residential property market. Additionally, several actions must first be taken to improve the attractivenss of the Florida market and increase the capacity of the private market before changes to the structure of Citizens can be made. Finally, the FSU study notes that to achieve Citizens' goal of reducing its exposure, the issue of affordability of homeowners insurance may need to be addressed outside of the insurance process.
THE ROLE OF WORKER'S MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES ON THEIR PRODUCTIVITY IN CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS OF MOGHAN
Authors: Damirchi Qader Vazifeh , Rahimi Gholamreza , Seyyedi Hossein
Published: October 2021

The main focus of this study is Cultural Institutions of Moghan region in Iran. The theory of multiple intelligences was developed in 1983 by Howard Gardner. He suggests that the traditional notion of intelligence, based on I.Q. testing, is far too limited. Instead, Dr. Gardner proposes eight different intelligences to account for a broader range of human potential in children and adults. These intelligences are linguistic intelligence, logical intelligence, spatial intelligence, bodily intelligence, musical intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, intrapersonal intelligence and Naturalist intelligence. The purpose of this research is surveying of relationship between multiple intelligences and productivity of Cultural Institutions workers in Moghan. The methodology of study is descriptive and analytical study. Data collection instrument was a questionnaire that its reliability was confirmed by Crohn Bach’s alpha and library studies. The results show that, there is a relationship between multiple intelligences and productivity of Cultural Institutions workers in Moghan.
THE ESTIMATION OF THE AUTOMOTIVE FUEL DEMAND IN IRAN: ALMOST IDEAL DEMAND SYSTEM APPROACH
Authors: Mehrara Mohsen , Ahmadi Saeedeh
Published: October 2021

This paper analyzes the demand for fuels in Iran automotive sector, using the Almost Ideal Demand System to estimate price and income elasticities for all the available fuels in the automotive sector: gasoline, automotive gas oil and Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG). These estimates can be very useful in predicting the overall impacts of price policies designed to reduce fuel consumption and to address concerns of carbon emissions or energy security. Empirical results indicate all own-price elasticities are negative and significant at 5% level. The own-price elasticity for gas oil, gasoline and LPG were estimated by about -0.22, -1.01 and -3.58, respectively. The findings also show that gasoline and gas oil are normal goods and LPG being an inferior good.
INVESTIGATING RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CONSUMER PRICE INDEX AND PRODUCER PRICE INDEX AND DIVIDEND PER SHARE
Authors: Sheikh Mohammad javad , Bokaei Mohsen Nazem , Alijani Hadi , Saadatmand Mohammad , Fard Sayed Mojtaba Hosseini , Sharahi Ismaeil Chezani
Published: October 2021

Managers of economic institutions should possess some criteria in the stock exchange so that they can evaluate their performance and economic plans. Criteria for performance evaluation accounting can be used for evaluating performance and economic plans. One of the main criteria for performance evaluation accounting is reported accounting profit or dividends. This criterion is one of the main indexes for evaluating managers’ performance, and it is also a main criterion for decision-making on approval or rejection of economic plans. This index is influenced by different factors such as price index, especially consumer price index and producer price index. In this paper, relationship between producer price index and consumer price index is investigated in accepted firms in Tehran stock exchange. Dicky- Fuller Test is used for time series reliability and Pearson correlation coefficient and Granger-causality tests are used for investigating the relationship between variables. Finally, it was concluded that consumer price index has an inverse correlation with dividend per share (first hypothesis), and producer price index has a direct correlation with dividend per share (second hypothesis).
CONCEPTUAL AND OPERATIONAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN GENERAL TAKAFUL AND CONVENTIONAL INSURANCE
Authors: Hussain Mher Mushtaq , Pasha Ahmad Tisman
Published: October 2021

Insurance in Islam is essentially a concept of mutual help. Insurance business under conventional system is based on uncertainty, which is prohibited in Islamic society under Islamic principles. So there is need to clear the difference between the conventional insurance and the Islamic insurance. A rich literature also describes such differences but the present article addresses the differences based on conceptual and operational framework.
NETWORK CLASSIFICATION ON THE BASIS OF FUNCTIONS THEY PERFORM AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH INTERNATIONALIZATION PROCESS OF SMEs IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES---exploratory research on Pakistan
Authors: Fatima Seerat , Arif Sheraz
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study is to classify the networks according to functions they performed, especially scrutinize their structures. The research concentrates on the influence of these functional networks on the internationalization process of small and medium sized companies (SME) in developing countries. What are the different types of support being provided by network partners? What is the structure of the existing network? The research part is inductive, qualitative and based on case study. The study’s findings illustrate the subtleties of how various network partners interact with entrepreneurs to penetrate, integrate and extend their international markets. Networks can help entrepreneurs expose themselves to new opportunities, obtain knowledge, learn from experiences, and benefit from the synergistic effect of pooled resources. Another contribution of this paper is that it identifies structures of the functional networks, till date networks are classified on the basis of extent of support they provide, not on what support they provide, thus advancing the literature.
IMPACT OF SUPPORTIVE LEADERSHIP AND ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING CULTURE AS A MODERATOR ON THE RELATIONSHIP OF PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT
Authors: Naqvi Syed Abir Hassan , Hashmi Muhammad Aamir , Raza Shaoukat Ali , Zeeshan Ashi , Shaikh Faiz.M.
Published: October 2021

Due to forces of globalization organization are going to multinational. Severity of competition is forcing organizations to psychological empower their employees for maximum performance. In the presence of organizational learning culture and supportive leadership psychological empowerment of employee will lead to organizational commitment. This paper attempt to analyze the relationship among these variables in the context of existing literature. Present days managers face the challenges of motivating employees. Psychological empowerment is the one of the best tool to provide them felling of autonomy and self drive this conceptual development is presented here with the hope that future researchers will analysis these relationships more deeply for the performance optimization of the organization.
DIVIDEND ANNOUNCEMENTS AND THE ABNORMAL STOCK RETURNS FOR THE EVENT FIRM AND ITS RIVALS
Authors: Aamir Muhammad , Shah Syed Zullfiqar Ali
Published: October 2021

Impact of dividend announcement on stock prices is pronounced in various studies conducted by various researchers. Event study has been conducted in this paper on 26 announcements and the firms were belonging to cement and oil and gas sector of Pakistan. In this study data span of 2004-2008 has been covered. Impact of dividend announcement on stock prices of event and rival firms has been analysed and it has been found that dividend announcement depicts positive impact on share prices of the companies at the time of announcement as well as immediately after such announcements. Performance of event firms has been evaluated in comparison with its rival firms in this study in order to give better understanding of dividend announcement effect on the financial health of the companies. Overall, our results robust the findings of earlier research and as per theoretical background of the study. Our conclusion explains the significance of t-statistics values during this study.
Interface between IPR and Human Rights: A Study with Reference to International Law
Authors: Jaradat Nashat Mahmoud Abdalla
Published: October 2021

This research work aims to establish a link between IPR and human rights in the national and international perspectives. Furthermore, lack of implementation of legislations at the national level is one of the greatest setbacks in the history of human rights protection. Basically, the value of human rights is largely tested by it’s implementation. The earlier form of Industrial property underwent transformation after the Paris Convention to be nomenclature as Intellectual property. IPRs, such as patents, plant variety protection, copyrights, and trademarks, are exclusive monopoly rights over a creation that the society provides to the inventor for a period of time. While such monopoly protection obviously restricts the dissemination of knowledge, it is supposed to be counterbalanced by the incentive that it provides to innovate. Intrinsic, natural, interrelated, indivisible, inalienable, basic, instrumental and inherent rights are ought to be protected if required, for maintaining peace in the society. Imperialism, colonialism and inequalities among the states were some reasons of concern for the development of human rights.
Adjustment Behaviours of Dividend Payouts in G7 Countries: A Different Look
Authors: Bahng Joshua Seungwook , Lee Hyonsok , Jeong Hyeong Chul
Published: October 2021

The topic of the dividend adjustment behaviours of firms in G7 countries was analysed in this study. After dividing the entire sample of firms into countries and separating listed, delisted, and unlisted firms by their listing type, we investigated the question using quantile regressions. Our analyses provided the following results. First, payout ratios showed decreasing tendencies irrespective of both country origin and listing types. Second, the speeds of dividend adjustment in Japan and Italy were estimated to be the fastest by quantile, whereas that of Canadian firms was estimated to be the slowest. Third, when the same issue was examined for listing types, unlisted firms showed the fastest speed of adjustment. In general, the estimated curves for both the speed of adjustment and the required time for partial adjustment were found to be cross-sectionally unstable and nonlinear with respect to dividend levels.
INTANGIBLE ASSETS REPORTING
Authors: Ghamari Maryam , Saeidinia Mojtaba , Hashemi Mehrsa , Aghaei Mohammadreza
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate concerning intangible assets reporting, it is stable roots of organization’s success, and how they evaluate and report in the accounting. There are some of the problems in reporting of intangible assets causes for some of the investors, regulators, analysts and etc. in this survey mentioned to some of the recommendations for system of intangible assets reporting. It purposes that companies should measure information relevant to their intangible assets accurately. In this study explore set of intangible assets very valuable such as research and development (R&D), human capital; brand equity and innovation capital that focus on every which can enhance sustainable of the companies.
IMPACT OF BUSINESS COMMUNICATION ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIAN COMPANIES
Authors: Ebarefimia Udegbe, Scholastica , Inedegbor Udegbe, Maurice , Ahmed Ogundipe Kehinde , Ganiyat Akintola Omobola , Rashdidat Kareem
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of business communication on organizational performance in Nigerian companies. In business, message is conveyed through various channels of communication, including internet, print (publication), radio, television, etc. Whether or not significant change(s) results in the performance of an organization as a result of business communication is yet to be empirically established. This study, therefore, was carried out to investigate the relationship between business communication and organizational performance in Nigeria (a less developed economy) using a contextualized and literature based research instrument to measure the application of the investigated “constructs”. Using the survey method, the study obtained sample data from 100 small and large manufacturing and service companies operating in Lagos State of Nigeria. The research instrument showed encouraging evidence of reliability and validity. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, percentages and t- test analysis. The study found that effective business communication is emphasized to a reasonable extent in the surveyed Nigerian companies. However, the ‘level of emphasize’ is a question of degree. It was also found that the extent of practices of effective business communication, were related to the category of business (service versus manufacturing) and its size. The research findings are limited to some extent by the confounding effect of variations within and between industry types of firm and industry sectors, and the use of respondents’ own-assessments of performance. The established research beyond the usual context of developed western economies, and thereby, potentially contains some lessons for practitioners and researchers in other developing countries.
CHALLENGES FACED BY RURAL WOMEN IN DATES PROCESSING INDUSTRY IN KHAIRPUR MIRS
Authors: Phulpoto Najma Noor , SHAH AISHA BASHIR , SHAIKH FAIZ.M.
Published: October 2021

This study evaluated the economic empowerment potentials of Dried Dates processing by women in rural areas of Khairpur Sindh using a sample of 100 women processors randomly selected from the study area. Data analysis was done using Descriptive statistics, Net Farm Income Model and Data Envelopment Analysis (D.E.A). An average net return of N10, 586.6 was obtainable within a processing cycle. The average pure technical and scale efficiency scores were 80 and 83 percent respectively. The major constraints confronting the processing of Dried Dates include inadequate capital for expansion and lack of processing machines. A significant opportunity exists for empowering rural women through Dried Dates processing.
Fulminant case of multiple sclerosis (marburg variant) with atypical MRI presentation
Authors:   Neurology Unit, Maurizio Bufalini Hospital, Viale Ghirotti 286–47521 Cesena, Italy, Mancinelli Luca , Bartolini Yerma ,   Neurology Unit, Maurizio Bufalini Hospital, Viale Ghirotti 286–47521 Cesena, Italy, Cataldi Maria Lia ,   Neuroradiology Unit, Maurizio Bufalini Hospital, Viale Ghirotti 286–47521 Cesena, Italy, Bomprezzi Chiara ,   Neurology Unit, Maurizio Bufalini Hospital, Viale Ghirotti 286–47521 Cesena, Italy, Tomassini Alessia ,   Neurosurgery Unit, Maurizio Bufalini Hospital, Viale Ghirotti 286–47521 Cesena, Italy, Antonelli Manila ,   Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 - 00185 Rome, Italy, Gianno Francesca ,   Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 - 00185 Rome, Italy, Bartolini Daniela ,   IRCCS Neurological Institute of Southern Italy NEUROMED, Neuropathology Research Unit, Ospedale IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18 - 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy, Ruggiero Maria ,   Neuroradiology Unit, Maurizio Bufalini Hospital, Viale Ghirotti 286–47521 Cesena, Italy, Longoni Marco ,   Neurology Unit, Maurizio Bufalini Hospital, Viale Ghirotti 286–47521 Cesena, Italy
Published: October 2021

Marburg type is a rare variant of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) characterized by a severe and progressive course/evolution leading to exitus in few months. Its radiological presentation commonly raises suspicion of a malignancy, often requiring a brain biopsy for histological confirmation. Hereby we report an atypical radiological presentation and progression of a pathologically confirmed case of Marburg MS Keywords: Multiple Sclerosis; Marburg variant; Magnetic resonance imaging.
Estimation of the Required Bio-fuels Substituting Petroleum-based Fuels in Vehicles in the Island of Crete, Greece
Authors: Vourdoubas John
Published: October 2021

The required bio-fuels for substituting petroleum-based fuels in vehicles in the island of Crete, Greece have been estimated. The quantities of gasoline and diesel oil currently used in vehicles in Crete as well as their GHG emissions have been calculated. The quantities of bio-ethanol and bio-diesel substituting 14% of them, according to the EU goal for 2030, have been evaluated. The necessary land area for cultivating energy crops producing the required bio-fuels has been also calculated. The total quantity of gasoline and diesel oil used in vehicles in 2020 in Crete has been estimated at 273,231 tons while their CO2 emissions at 886,702 tons. The bio-ethanol required for substituting 14% of the annual gasoline consumption has been calculated at 29,709 tons while the bio-diesel required for substituting 14% of the annual diesel oil consumption at 24,802 tons. The necessary land area cultivated with sugar beet producing the abovementioned quantity of bio-ethanol has been estimated at 7,427 ha while the necessary land area cultivated with rape seed producing the abovementioned quantity of bio-diesel has been estimated at 24,802 ha. The overall necessary land area, at 32,229 ha, corresponds at 3.81% of the total area in Crete. Energy crops have not been cultivated so far in Crete while the land availability is limited. It is proposed that apart from using bio-fuels in conventional vehicles equipped with ICEs different options for reducing GHG emissions in transportation, including the use of electric vehicles, should be considered in Crete.
Scale Development to Measure Employer Engagement
Authors: Khan Samina , Abbas Ulfat , Khan Rao Arif Mahmood , Sheikh Muhammad Irfan , Ahmed Hanzla , Hussain Muhammad Masood , Zafar Hafiz Muhammad Ammar , Sher Saqlain
Published: October 2021

Employer engagement, in existing literature, mostly refers to the engagement of the educational institutions in the corporate world; to benchmark their curricula and syllabi in-line with the employers' needs. This study has focused on the same construct with different relation; typically in the context of work-based learning providers and organizational practices. Although there has been theoretical discussions and calls to develop comprehensive measures for employer engagement, however, no contemporary measure for employer engagement exist to the context this study was carried out. The scope of this study covers the development of a new scale based on the guidelines to measure employer engagement specifically to the context of work based practices. The scale constitutes of 19 items that address, employer engagement based on 3 sub-dimensions. The scale was developed and validated through six phases beginning with the determination of valid dimensions / construct followed by generation of pool of items, assessing the content adequacy of the items and items refinement through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability and validity of the scale are also tested.
Lived experiences of homelessness among elderly women: a phenomenological study
Authors: Ebied Ebtesam Mo'awad El-Sayed , Eldardery Naglaa El-Sayed
Published: October 2021

Background: Homelessness is a global issue that has a devastating impact on elderly women’s health. It is estimated that100 million people are considered homeless worldwide. Aim: to explore the lived experiences of homelessness among elderly women. Research question: What are the lived experiences of homelessness among elderly women? Sample: A purposive sample of 30 homless elderly women. Setting: a selected homelessness shelter. Tools: 1- A structured questionnaire of personal and medical data. 2- Semi-structured interview with open-ended questions. 3- Field notes. Results/Themes: five themes were represented; (1) Living without basic human needs (food, water, sleep &shelter), (2) Self-care deficit. (self-neglect, poor hygiene and bad odor). (3) Bio- psycho- social health problems (fear, aggressive behavior, depression, suicidal ideation, isolation, hopelessness, loss of family role, vision problems, diabetic foot and lack of acces to health care services), (4) Emotional distress (uncertainity, loss of interest, suicidal ideation, bad feeling, feeling lonely), (5) Strategies for resolution (religious and expression of feelings). Conclusion: Majority of homless elderly women experienced living without basic human needs, bio-psychsocial health problems, self-care deficit which predispose them to many devastating health consequences. Recommmendations: Employ urgent interventions to solve the unique and challenging health problems/needs of this vulnerable group; raising community awarness about the nature, and process of homelessness phenomena and conduct bio-psychosocial interventions studies of homeless elderly women. Key words: Lived experiences, homeless elderly women, phenomenological study.
Musculoskeletal Problems in Pregnancy
Authors: Rasheed Nusrat , Karimi Sundas , Sarwar Muhammad Usman , Askari Raza , Akhund Muhammad Azeem , Manzoor Imran
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Pregnancy induces many modifications in a woman's body which include changes in posture, changes in blood physiology, weight gain, changes in musculotendinous strength, joints, and ligaments laxity. Many researchers have suggested that the incidence of back pain in pregnancy is between 30% to 70%. The main objective of this study is to offer an extensive view of the musculoskeletal problems experienced during pregnancy and to find out the most common causes of musculoskeletal pain and symptoms in pregnancy. Materials and methods: This study was conducted at Dow University Hospital in the Department of Orthopedic Surgery from December 2020 to February 2021. After taking ethical approval from IRB (Institutional Review Board) of Dow University of Health Sciences, a total of 184 women are included in this study. Antenatal follow-ups of the patient were conducted in this study, during which certain musculoskeletal problems during pregnancy were asked. The participants who had a term pregnancy (37-42 weeks), aged between 18-45 years, during antenatal visits were included in the study. Those who had prior musculoskeletal disorders other than pregnancy e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus) were excluded from the study. Results: The participants of our study had a mean age of 30.15 ± 6.80 years. Most of the participants were graduates i.e. 143(77.72%). Average weight gain during pregnancy was 13.69 ± 6.80 kg and only seven (3.80%) participants did aerobic exercise during pregnancy. Regarding timings of the musculoskeletal symptoms, most of the participants had symptoms at night i.e. 155(84.24%). The low backache was seen in 168(91.3%) participants, arthralgia was seen in 135(73.4%) participants, arthritis was seen in 69(37.5%) participants, and neck pain was seen in 64(34.8%) participants. Conclusions: Musculoskeletal problems due to pregnancy cause a huge burden on the health economy. The most common musculoskeletal problems include low backache, arthritis, arthralgia, and neck pain. Weight gain and a sedentary lifestyle during pregnancy make these problems even worse. Further studies on a larger scale are needed to validate the results of this study. Keywords: Musculoskeletal problems, Pregnancy, Arthritis, Arthralgia, Low back pain, Neck pain
MODERN PROBLEMS OF ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF DRUGS CIRCULATING IN THE MARKET OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: ДАУТБАЕВ Е.К. , АХИМОВА А.Д.
Published: October 2021

В статье рассмотрены основные отличительные особенности новой системы оценки качества фармацевтической продукции в пост регистрационный период. Приведен краткий обзор инструментов ВОЗ для регуляторных систем в сфере обращения лекарственных средств и международного опыта в области пост маркетингового надзора. Выделены ключевые проблемы оценки качества лекарственных средств, обращающихся на рынке Республики Казахстан.

The article discusses the main features of the new system for evaluating the quality of pharmaceutical products at the registration stage. A brief overview of WHO tools for regulatory systems in the аweld of drug circulation and international experience in the аweld of posmarketing supervision is given. The main problems of assessing the quality of medicines in circulation on the market of the Republic of Kazakhstan were noted.
Ultra-processed Food Intake and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: a systematic review
Authors: Marti del Moral Amelia , Arrúe Ishiyama Sofía Aimi
Published: October 2021

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. An unhealthy diet, among other risk factors, can be involved in the development of the disease. This type of diet is usually characterized by being low in unprocessed foods (fruits, vegetables, etc.) and high in ultra-processed foods (UPFs). It has been suggested that a high consumption of UPFs could be related to the development of CVD. However, as UPFs are a broad group in which multiple foods with different compositions coexist, it is not only difficult but also a generalization to draw a conclusion about their possible association. The present systematic review studies the relationship between the consumption of UPFs and the risk of CVD.
A systematic review was performed in the PubMed database. PRISMA criteria were applied to identify articles that met the following criteria: studies performed in humans, in English or Spanish, and be original articles, excluding meta-analyses and reviews. The search was performed using the terms “Ultra-processed food” or “Fast food” and “Cardiovascular disease” or “Cardiovascular risk factor”, with a total of 10 articles included: 4 prospective cohort studies, 4 cross-sectional studies and 2 modeling studies.
An association between the consumption of UPFs and CVD was found in all the studies analyzed. However, there are limitations with respect to the use of different food classification systems according to the degree of processing.
This systematic review concludes that more studies are needed to establish with greater evidence the relationship between the consumption of UPFs and risk of CVD.
El Estado y estructura poblacional de la tilapia negra oreochromis niloticus (linnaeus, 1758) perciformes: cichlidae, en la represa La Esperanza, Quiroga-Manabí
Authors: Macías Intriago Jorge , Coello Dialhy
Published: October 2021

Considerando la importancia que tiene la tilapia negra (Oreochromis niloticus) como actividad económica para las comunidades cercanas a la represa La Esperanza, se planteó realizar un análisis del estado y estructura poblacional de esta especie para lo cual se realizaron monitoreos de abril a septiembre de 2014, determinándose en base a ello la composición de las capturas, estructura de tallas, relación longitud-peso, madurez sexual, así como también se estimaron los parámetrosy curvas de crecimientos, tasas de mortalidad y coeficiente de explotación. Los resultados determinaron la talla media de captura en 29,6 para machos y en 28,0 cm LT en hembras así como también 30,8 cm de LT como talla media de madurez de hembras, además un LT∞=44,1 cm, K de 0,83/año, crecimiento isométrico, altas tasas de mortalidad y un coeficiente de explotación de 0,64, lo que permite considerar que O. niloticus en la zona de estudio se encuentra en estado de sobreexplotación como resultado del esfuerzo de pesca ejercido.
António da Costa Simões e a génese da química forense em Portugal
Authors: Leonardo António José , Martins Décio Ruivo , Fiolhais Carlos
Published: October 2021

Nas páginas de O Instituto encontramse numerosos artigos relevantes para a história da ciência em Portugal. Esse periódico publicado pelo Instituto de Coimbra relata vários episódios que marcaram a evolução científica e tecnológica portuguesa. Divulgamos aqui um desses casos relativo à análise química forense ou toxicologia. O trabalho pioneiro de António da Costa Simões estabeleceu a ciência forense em Coimbra, ao efectuar a detecção de substâncias tóxicas em suspeitos envenenamentos. Num conjunto de artigos que publicou em O Instituto em 1855, esse médico e professor da Faculdade de Medicina descreveu em pormenor os métodos utilizados em análises de amostras de casos reais, revelando um rigor científico pouco habitual na época. Em 1860, Simões publicou um manual de toxicologia que foi seguido no curso de Medicina nas décadas seguintes. Os docentes que realizaram esses trabalhos de análise química sempre mostraram preocupação em se manterem actualizados, aplicando os métodos mais recentes, nomeadamente na detecção de venenos alcalóides.
INFLUENCE OF THERMOPLASTIC PROCESSING PARAMETERS ON THEIR INTERNAL TEMPERATURE
Authors: Campos F. A. R. , Da Silva L. R. R.
Published: October 2021

With technological advances, polymers are increasingly used to manufacture various components that were previously exclusively manufactured with metals. One of the significant challenges in polymer processing is its relatively low thermal resistance, since relatively small temperature variations, especially when compared to metals and ceramics, lead to significant changes in material properties and in the final component geometry. This paper investigated how the internal temperature of polymers, subjected to an intermittent particulate jet deposition process in conjunction with a continuous flow of hot air, is affected by variation in surface roughness, polymer type, and air pressure. As the main result, low efficiency in heat transfer was caused by the combination of the convective nature of the heat exchange with the low thermal conductivity of the polymers. The variables with the most significant influence on the process were the intermittence and pressure of the particulate jet.
CORRELATION BETWEEN LEIDENFROST TEMPERATURE, COOLING CAPACITY AND MACHINING TEMPERATURE: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF CUTTING FLUIDS
Authors: Gonçalves D. M. , Sanchez L. E. A. , Verdério Júnior S. A.
Published: October 2021

Much of the energy consumed by machining materials is converted into heat, which causes several technical and economic problems for the process. The cutting fluid application by the conventional method forms a vapor film of low thermal conductivity, which prevents direct contact between the fluid and the heated surface; the so-called Leidenfrost effect, which reduces cooling efficiency. Studies of this phenomenon applied to the machining of materials are still very restricted and scarce. In this sense, the present work experimentally studied the correlation of parameters Leidenfrost temperature, cooling capacity and machining temperatures, applied to the SAE 52100 steel turning process with conventional lubri-coolant, with different cutting fluids. The thermal properties of the studied cutting fluids were taken from the technical-scientific literature. An experimental apparatus was developed for measuring and acquiring machining temperatures. Synthetic cutting fluids were shown to have a better cooling capacity, followed by semi-synthetic fluids and emulsions. There is no relationship between Leidenfrost temperature, cooling capacity, and machining temperatures for the different types of cutting fluids studied.
ENERGY RECOVERY FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES IN THE BRAZILIAN SCENARIO
Authors: Pilissão Y. L. , Machado A. G. , Virmond E. , Watzko E. S.
Published: October 2021

Municipal solid waste has always been an undesirable asset in society, and its generation grows every year. Inadequate waste disposal may cause many problems, either by the contamination of the environment or by its capacity to serve as a vector for a series of pathogenic elements. The COVID-19 pandemic drew the world’s attention to these challenges and made it clear how they impact society in an unprecedented way. The higher amount of waste and safety supplies discarded, such as masks and facial shields, require an analysis of the current situation of solid waste management along with solutions to increase the capacity for resource recovery. Methods of treating, collecting, transporting, and disposing of municipal solid waste must be integrated with the other levels of the waste hierarchy (prevention, reuse and preparing for reuse, recycling, other recovery (including energy recovery), and disposal). The scientific literature on this subject was verified in this paper, serving as a subsidy for the implementation of possible processes to be used in companies in the area of basic sanitation and city halls, which can benefit from investments that will incur in the generation of products of added value, creating a new link in its business chain. The production and application of integrated municipal solid waste management systems, including energy recovery from refuse derived fuel, can reduce the volume and expenses of municipal administrations with inadequate waste disposal in landfills and promote more sustainable practices in the circular economy scenario. Therefore, this paper sought to highlight the main activities related to municipal solid waste management with an aim to energy recovery.
CYTOTOXICITY, ANTITUMOUR AND ANTICARCINOGENIC ACTIVITY OF CURCUMA LONGA ESSENTIAL OIL
Authors:   Amala Cancer Research Centre Amala Nagar, Thrissur 680555, Kerala, India., Liju V.B , Jeena K , Kuttan R.
Published: October 2021

In the present study, we have evaluated the antitumour and anticarcinogenic activity of turmeric essential oil in vivo. Turmeric essential oil was found to have significant in vitro cytotoxic activity against Dalton’s lymphoma ascites cells (DLA) and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cancer cell lines. Concentration needed for 50% cytotoxicity (IC50) was 8 μg for DLA cells and 18 μg to EAC cell lines. Oral administration of turmeric essential oil was found to significantly increase the life span (56.25%) of Dalton’s Lymphoma Ascites (DLA) induced ascites tumour bearing mice as well as significantly reduced (P<0.001) the solid tumours. 3-Methyl cholanthrene induced sarcoma development was also delayed and there was significant increase in the life span of mice after oral administration of turmeric essential oil. Moreover, turmeric essential oil significantly (P<0.001) inhibited phenobarbitone induced cytochrome p450 enzyme activity in rats.
Factores que Influyen en la Erosión Hídrica del Complejo Arqueológico de Vilcashuamán, Perú 2021
Authors: Salinas-Ayala Rosmery , Sánchez-Magallanes Kevin , Pozo-Curo Carlos , Osorio-Arrascue Elvis Doberto
Published: October 2021

Está investigación tiene como objetivo identificar los factores que influyen en la erosión del complejo Arqueológico de Vilcashuamán, por los siguientes factores: lluvias, el calor, algunas maniobras incorrectas, no respetar el aforo y el mal cuidado del complejo los cuales, ocasionan el desgaste de las piedras generando hongos en la planta superior, así mismo se planteó una solución para el drenaje del agua las cuales son causales de la erosión, así mismo ordenar las visitas realizadas para una buena satisfacción de los turistas y de la población misma generando un ingreso económico para su familia e involucrarse más en el sector turismo, el cuidado y el buen marketeo ayudara a una visita fluida y es lo que se quiere lograr, la investigación tuvo enfoque cualitativo, tipo descriptivo. Los resultados indicaron que existen 4 grupos de edades que visitan el Complejo Arqueológico de Vilcashuamán, siendo el 36.7% los visitantes más recurrentes. Finalmente, se concluye que los posibles factores de la erosión en el sitio estudiado podrían ser el tiempo climatológico, aforo máximo de visitantes y el tiempo que estos residen.
OTOPARK, OTOPARK BEDELİ VE BU BEDELİN TAHSİL ZAMANAŞIMINA İLİŞKİN BİR İNCELEME
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Selman
Published: October 2021

Şehirlerdeki nüfus artışı, şehirlerde sadece kişi yoğunluğunu artırmamıştır. Kişi yoğunluğu ile birlikte yapı yoğunluğunda da bir artış olmuştur. Ayrıca hem kişi yoğunluğundaki artış hem de yapı yoğunluğundaki artış, süregelen toplu taşımanın ve ulaşım altyapısının yetersiz hale gelmesine sebep olurken, insanlar yetersiz ulaşım alt yapısı ve imkânları karşısında özel araç kullanımına yönelmişlerdir. Özel araç sayısındaki artış ise hem trafik yoğunluğunu artırmış, hem de duran araçların park yeri sorununu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Mevzuat koyucu sorunu otoparkla ilgili kurallar koymakla çözmeye çalışmıştır. Mevzuat, otopark ihtiyacının önce yapı düzeyinde çözülmesini, sonra parsel düzeyinde çözülmesini, sonra da yerleşme düzeyinde çözülmesini öngörmüştür. Otopark sorunu yapı ve parsel düzeyinde çözülemez ise, yapı sahiplerinden otopark bedeli adı altında bir pay almak sureti ile otopark sorununun yerleşme düzeyinde çözülmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, otopark bedelinin ne olduğu, bu bedelin nasıl, kimlerden, ne şekilde tahsil edileceği ve tahsil zamanaşımı konusu incelenmeye çalışılmıştır.
ALEXIS DE TOCQUEVILLE’İN SİYASİ KURAMINDA DEMOKRASİ VE YARGI
Authors: KALE ÖZÇELİK Fatmagül
Published: October 2021

Alexis de Tocqueville, 1805-1856 yılları arasında yaşamış ve demokrasi teorisine önemli katkılar sunmuş bir Fransız düşünürdür. Demokrasi üzerine düşüncelerine, Fransa’nın çalkantılı siyasal yapısına çözüm aramak amacıyla 1831 yılında Amerika’ya yaptığı seyahati sonrasında kaleme aldığı “Amerika’da Demokrasi” adlı eserinde yer vermiştir. Düşünürün bu eseri, Amerikan toplumuna ilişkin yaptığı gözlemleri üzerine kuruludur ve eserde, Amerikan toplumu, siyasal ve sosyal yönü başta olmak üzere pek çok açıdan incelenmiştir. Özellikle bu coğrafyadaki demokrasi anlayışı ve uygulamadaki yansıması, düşünürün demokrasi kuramını oluşturmasında rehber olmuştur. Yaptığı gözlemleri neticesinde burada demokrasinin sorunsuz bir şekilde uygulanmasının kilit noktasını, insanların eşit olduklarına ilişkin anlayışın toplumun her kademesinde geçerli olmasında görmüştür. Bu nedenle, demokrasi kuramını oluştururken eşitlik ilkesine özel önem atfetmiş ve özgürlük karşısında eşitliğe üstünlük tanımıştır. Yine Amerika’da basının, sivil örgütlenmelerin ve yargının çoğunluk iktidarını sınırlandıran ve çoğulculuğu sağlayan önemli araçlar olduğunu tespit etmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı da, düşünürün demokrasi, çoğulcu demokrasi anlayışı, çoğunluğun iktidarı ve demokrasiyle yargının ilişkisi konularına dair eserinde ortaya koyduğu bakış açısının incelenmesidir.
Psikologi Humanis; Mengurai Relasi Teoritik antara Psikologi dan Agama
Authors: S.A.P. Rangga Sa'adillah , Khusnah Daiyatul , Winarti Dewi
Published: October 2021

Psychological discourse can be traced through the thoughts of Muslim philosophers such as Al-Kindi, Al-Farabi, Ibn Sina, and Al-Ghazali about the concept of the nafs. Its abstract but real structure forms the human psyche, received a warm welcome from Western thinkers such as Wilhelm Wundt and Ivan Pavlov so that psychology was born. Islamic teachings about psychology and psychology are not two different things but mutually support each other and complement each other, because in the development of psychology there are ups and downs in the relationship between psychology and religion. Through a multidisciplinary study of Islamic religious education, this article describes the terminology of Islamic psychology; human psychological elements; and the human driving force. At the end of this article, the author tries to find an estuary between western psychology and Islamic teachings on psychology which leads to humanist psychology. Humanist psychology is the latest period of the ebb and flow of the relationship between psychology and religion. Humanist psychology is able to become the new mainstream in understanding humans not only related to their psychology but also the driving motivation and side of human spirituality that experimental psychology cannot reach.
Analysing the Writing Skill Self-Efficacy of Students at English and German Language Teaching Departments
Authors: Üstün Bilal
Published: October 2021

This study set out to examine the writing skill self-efficacy of students studying at English and German Language Teaching Departments in terms of various variables. Survey model, one of the quantitative research methods, was preferred. Participants who study at English and German Language Teaching Departments at a university in Turkey were the samples of the research. 103 students, in total, participated in the research, and 62.1% of them were female and 37.9% of them were males. As the data collection instruments in the research, “self-efficacy scale of writing skills for foreigners learning Turkish as a second language” and “personal information form” were used. The scale had two dimensions as “expression and morphological characteristics of writing” and “using grammar rules in writing”. As a result of the research, there were significant differences only in self-efficacy in using grammar rules dimension. In addition, female participants compared to males; participants studying German Language Teaching compared to English Language Teaching; and the fourth grade participants compared to the third grades were determined to have higher writing skill self-efficacy.
Escrita acadêmica em Português como Língua Adicional: reflexões acerca de biletramento, ensino e avaliação
Authors: Marques Ana Laura dos Santos
Published: October 2021

O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir, por meio de uma análise de textos explicativos de aprendizes hispanofalantes de Português como Língua Adicional (PLA), em contexto de formação universitária, aspectos de suas produções que representam desafios para o trabalho com a escrita acadêmica, tanto em relação ao seu ensino e desenvolvimento paralelo de primeira língua e língua-alvo, quanto em relação à avaliação. Considerando a proximidade entre as duas línguas e os requerimentos dessa aprendizagem, examinamos o conceito de biletramento (HORNBERGER, 2003; 2013), assumindo que usuários de mais de uma língua articulam seu repertório de sistemas linguísticos com uma dupla função: transitar entre uma e outra língua e integrá-las nas diversas situações de produção em que se inserem. (CANAGARAJAH, 2011). No caso da escrita acadêmica em duas línguas, a complexidade dessa integração pode ser reconhecida no plano discursivo, com a devida ressalva de que se encontra em um espaço em que as avaliações acontecem desde uma visão monolíngue. A metodologia de análise considera os lineamentos teórico-metodológicos da abordagem dos gêneros da Linguística Sistémico-Funcional. (MARTIN, 2012; ROSE, 2004; 2007; 2012). Trata-se de um estudo de casos exploratório, com resultados não generalizáveis, que, no entanto, revelam os desafios que a escrita acadêmica representa para os estudos em PLA em termos de descrição, parâmetros e ensino. Ademais, as análises apontam a necessidade de compreender o processo de biletramento avançado, com um enfoque que articule o trabalho com os gêneros fundamentado em um estudo analítico e descritivo dos textos levados à sala de aula.
Contextos sintáticos e desvios de concordância nominal em português língua estrangeira
Authors: Nhatuve Diocleciano
Published: October 2021

O objetivo deste estudo é identificar os contextos e as funções sintáticas em que ocorrem índices elevados de concordância nominal desviante e os aspectos psicocognitivos, sociais e linguísticos que favorecem os comportamentos de aprendentes de português língua estrangeira (PLE). O estudo é conduzido com base nos princípios de primazia do significado no processamento do input e de aprendizagem tardia de línguas. A base empírica é constituída por estruturas sintáticas desviantes de 10 grupos de aprendentes de português em universidades africanas, asiáticas e europeias. A análise qualitativa e quantitativa indica que, na maioria dos grupos, os desvios ocorrem em sintagmas nominais com as funções de objeto direto, em complementos de preposições e em predicativo de sujeito. Entretanto, o comportamento diferente de aprendentes coreanos e alemães leva-nos a considerar, entre outros aspectos, a ordem das palavras de cada língua como um dos factores determinantes para a ocorrência de desvios em determinados contextos.