bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“The Patrimony of Our Race”: Louis-Albert Bourgault-Ducoudray and the Emergence of the Discourse on Greek National Music
Authors: Vlagopoulos Panos
Published: April 2016

In 1876, Albert-Louis Bourgault-Ducoudray published a collection of “melodies from Greece and the Orient” in the conviction that he had found vestiges of Ancient Greek music in Greek folk music of his day. Bringing folk music to the attention of the educated classes, he hoped to fertilize art music and create the preconditions for a Greek national music. He also supplied the melodies that he collected with piano accompaniment, that is, he harmonized them. In his mind, harmonization was but the first step toward the formation of a Greek national music. Soon after this, his Greek project was embedded in hindsight in a broader Aryanist project explicitly described in the “Introduction” to his 1885 collection of Breton folk songs. Folk song harmonizations then became the first step toward the formation of the Aryan art music of the future. In the 1890s, he worked with Greek baritone Periklis Aravantinos, alias Aramis, to produce what he thought of as musical arguments for Aryanism. Aramis, a collector and harmonizer of folk songs himself, appeared in 1903 before Greek audiences in an attempt to promote a national school of music. Aramis’s and Bourgault-Ducoudray’s ideas on folk song harmonization and national music were in part vindicated by composer Spyros Samaras, a common friend, especially in the latter’s symbolically loaded Rhea (1908). His and other musical nationalisms were eclipsed by the appearance of the man most readily connected today to a Greek national school of music, Manolis Kalomoiris.
Unthinkable Histories: The Nation’s Vow and the Making of the Past in Greece
Authors: Antoniou Dimitris
Published: April 2016

On July 31, 1829, the participants of the Fourth National Assembly voted to construct the Church of the Savior to express gratitude for Greek liberation from the Ottoman Empire. Research to date suggests that this initiative was revisited in the 1960s by church officials who engaged in an imaginative reading of the historical record to present this phantasmatic edifice as an unfulfilled national vow. Despite the project’s long and complicated history, the endeavor is largely remembered as a kitsch project of the military regime of 21 April 1967. Why is this the case? How are the stories of our past produced, and what kinds of analytics are utilized to create public narratives? Taking a story of spatial absence as a point of departure, I combine archival material and ethnographic research to consider how silence and the encounter with the unthinkable have shaped public history in Greece.
A Novel History of Fictionality
Authors: Gjerlevsen Simona Zetterberg
Published: April 2016

Proposing a rhetorical definition of fictionality as intentionally signaled invention in communication, this article shows how a historical investigation of fictionality can inform our understanding of the rise of the English novel in the eighteenth century. The essay situates its approach to fictionality in relation to work on the concept by both historians of the novel, especially Catherine Gallagher, and narratologists, especially Richard Walsh. The essay then analyzes salient passages related to fictionality in Fielding’s Tom Jones (1749), Horace Walpole’s The Castle of Otranto (first edition 1764, second edition 1766) and Austen’s Northanger Abbey (1888, written in 1798–99). These analyses demonstrate that signs and discussions of fictionality in the early novel change in ways that reflect the development of the genre: whereas Fielding and Walpole explicitly proclaim to be founders of new provinces of writing, Austen incorporates a discussion of fictionality into the established but still-contested genre. More generally, the essay shows that the discourse on fictionality within the early novel reveals how its practitioners understood the genre’s relations to realism, to truth, and to the neighboring genres of romance and history.
The Case of the Crooked Clock and the Distracted Driver
Authors: Naweed Anjum
Published: April 2016

From 2012 to 2014, the author led a research project about railway safety on the topic of “SPAD” occurrences, otherwise known as signals passed at danger. In Australia SPADs have been very problematic, and though none has caused any serious injury, over one thousand happen every year. In spite of the scholarly progress made in rail safety science, the industry still has a tendency to explain them through single-factor accounts of failure, which do not consider the system or the wider organizational behaviors. The research project found that organizational norms such as time pressure and poorly mediated controller-driver communications were significant causal factors for a majority of SPADs from the driver’s perspective. As findings started to emerge, they attracted controversy and the project was presented with the problem of translating its findings to optimize uptake within a very traditional and reactive industry. Using a Victorian rhetoric and character references that have become part of the popular lexicon (Sherlock Holmes), and by injecting light-hearted humor into an eminently serious topic, the findings were disseminated in a short story called “The Case of the Crooked Clock & the Distracted Driver.” The findings have since gone on to inform a national SPAD Guideline by the Australian Rail Industry Safety Standards Board. This essay illustrates the efficacy of narrative in bringing about changes in policy in a significant real-world situation.
Blues Narrative Form, African American Fiction, and the African Diaspora
Authors: Barlow Daniel
Published: April 2016

This essay examines key narratives in the African American tradition as rhetorically motivated and pedagogically engaged extensions of the musical genre known as the blues. Through the process of identifying, describing, organizing, and interpreting the elements of what can be termed blues narrative form , the essay argues that in these narratives performer-listener relationships draw from and also extend the rhetorical dimensions of blues music, lyrics, and performance styles. The essay introduces a taxonomy of examples developed from a set of approximately one hundred novels and narratives, and proposes several narratological terms to signify these narratives’ connections with blues music, specifically strategic variation, vernacular delivery, and participatory musicality. More generally, the concept of blues narrative form provides an advance over that of the “blues novel” because it helps to foreground often-overlooked narrative elements that have given unique rhetorical dynamism to the century-long practice of literary blues writing and its connections to the African diaspora.
Reading the Buddha as a Philosopher
Authors: Smith Douglass , Whitaker Justin
Published: April 2016

This article seeks to draw Buddhism into the Western philosophical discussion beginning with the Buddha himself. Relying in part on the work of Pierre Hadot (1922–2010), we suggest that close attention to the Nikāyas gives reason to read the Buddha as a philosopher in the same sense that we read many of the great thinkers in Western premodern philosophy.
The Idea of Freedom in Comparative Perspective: Critical Comparisons between the Discourses of Liberalism and Neo-Confucianism
Authors: Tseng Roy
Published: April 2016

Abstract: Largely thanks to the high-flying works of Isaiah Berlin and Chang Fo-ch’üan, the distinction between negative and positive freedom has long been a part of Chinese political discourse; with this distinction in mind, the belief that the endorsement of real freedom in Confucianism is in conflict with liberalism has been firmly asserted. In this article it is argued that the attempt to reject “Confucian liberalism” by excluding true freedom from the realm of liberalism neglects the fact that there are various forms of liberalism, individualism, and common humanity. I also argue that T. H. Green’s holistic defense of positive freedom in terms of a common good, presumably the origin of the two concepts of freedom addressed by both Berlin and Chang, actually marks a significant turn to liberalism. Seen in this light, a far-reaching dialogue between Neo- Confucianism and British Idealism can help to answer the question of how and in what sense Confucianism can accommodate liberal values. My conclusion is that if it is the case that Green initiates a perfectionist form of Hegelian liberalism, widely identified as “perfectionist liberalism,” I cannot see why “Confucian liberalism” is a contradiction in terms.
Putting the Way Into Effect ( Xing Dao 行道): Inward and Outward Concerns in Classical Confucianism
Authors: Huff Benjamin
Published: April 2016

Abstract: Classical Confucian thought places such great value on individual moral selfcultivation that some suggest a gentleman has little concern for anything else. However, such views neglect the deep Confucian commitment to establishing a moral social order. I argue that the highest Confucian aspiration is putting the Way into effect ( xing dao 行道), in society as well as in one’s own life. Individual virtue is valuable in part as an essential means to this goal, and external goods such as wealth and social position also have value so far as they can contribute to it.
Why Equality and Which Inequalities?: A Modern Confucian Approach to Democracy
Authors: Tan Sor-hoon
Published: April 2016

This article challenges the conventional view that Confucianism has no place for the value of equality by shifting the focus from direct justification of equality (Why equality?) to concerns about actual social and political problems (Which inequalities are objectionable?). From this perspective, early Confucian texts endorse some inequalities, in particular those based on virtue, while objecting to others, especially socioeconomic inequalities. Confucians do not consider equality or inequality as inherently valuable, but evaluate them in relation to issues of good government.
The Future of Academic Libraries: Conversations with Today’s Leaders about Tomorrow
Authors: Meier John J.
Published: April 2016

To determine how academic library leaders make decisions about their organization’s future and how they effect changes, the author interviewed 44 university librarians and deans from institutions belonging to the Association of American Universities (AAU). The author analyzed the interviews using content analysis to identify the most frequent themes among the responses. Results indicate that collaborative decision-making is key to academic library leadership and that strategic planning processes guide organizational change. Digital projects and support of teaching and research top the list of strategic priorities. The author identified key professional development programs and techniques that support the training of future deans and university librarians.
A Case Study of Job-Embedded Learning
Authors: Hess Amanda Nichols
Published: April 2016

Librarians recognize the importance of professional learning as their roles and responsibilities evolve in the shifting teaching and learning environments of the twenty-first century. However, the literature on meaningful, job-embedded learning opportunities for academic librarians is scant, and opportunities are especially scarce in the fields of instructional design and instructional technology. Using a qualitative case study approach, the author of this article presents how one group of academic librarians added to their knowledge of instructional design, instructional technology, and the Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education.
The Academic Library and the Culture for Learning
Authors: Hufford Jon R.
Published: April 2016

Several components of a campus culture affect learning, yet assessments regularly neglect some of them. Academic librarians should evaluate how they impact courses and student learning through their support of these neglected components. Assessment goals to address some of the components include measuring the level of support for courses with engaged-learning and civic-learning activities and the service for wide ranges of student populations over time. This article examines a method of using campus information systems to identify courses with engaged-learning and civic-learning components supported by the library and the level of library service for a range of student populations over three years. Once identified, data from the course syllabi can be used to determine the level of the library’s support for these components at both the individual course and the institutional level. These data can result in the formulation of new assessment goals that directly address student-learning outcomes. Though undertaken at one institution, Texas Tech University in Lubbock, libraries at other universities with similar online resources can use the method described to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the value the library provides in supporting its parent institution’s mission and goals.
The Impact of the Academic Library on Student Success: Connecting the Dots
Authors: Thorpe Angie , Lukes Ria , Bever Diane J. , He Yan
Published: April 2016

In an age of assessment and accountability, academic libraries feel much pressure to prove their value according to new university measurements of student success. This study describes a methodology for how libraries may examine student interactions with services to assess whether library usage impacts student grade point averages (GPAs) and retention rates. Usage data were collected at six library service points during the 2013–2014 academic year. Analysis suggests an association between student use of the library and higher GPAs and retention rates. The findings may help demonstrate the value of the academic library to stakeholders and thus further integrate library services into course curricula.
“Valour Will Weep”: The Ethics of Valor, Anger, and Pity in Shakespeare’s Coriolanus
Authors: Hillier Russell M.
Published: April 2016

Anatomizing Caius Martius Coriolanus illuminates Shakespeare’s critique of Rome in the Roman plays: Rome’s single-minded privileging of a species of valor that is indistinguishable from wrath; an imperialist urge for conquest implicit in its earliest historical and cultural beginnings; and an underlying cruelty, implacability, and wholehearted devotion to a perverse and frequently contradictory principle of adversity and oppugnancy. Martius seems to fit the mold of Seneca’s angry man, and his disposition and conduct betray the destructive and self-destructive nature of Rome; yet he also has the capacity for an attitude that runs contrary to Roman mores in his surprising access to pity, an emotion Seneca and Cicero deem unRoman, weak, and inferior to the virtue of clemency. Martius concedes to unexpected emotional registers and is remarkable for his ability, for a time, to see beyond the Roman customs and conventions that have sculpted, defined, and enclosed him. In a startling incongruity, Martius, Rome’s apparently absolute exponent of valor, simultaneously discloses all that is cruelly present and constitutive of Rome and all that is pitilessly absent and lacking from it. In the tragic close Martius suggests the good of a world where “valor will weep.”
Painting as Cipher: Censorship of the Visual Arts in Post-1988 Myanmar
Authors: Carlson Melissa
Published: April 2016

The censorship regime of the SLORC-SPDC era (1988–2011) shaped the development of Burmese art, not only imposing limitations on artists but also driving them to develop a new artistic vocabulary. This vocabulary is crucial to the understanding of contemporary Burmese visual art and to explaining the persistence of censorship in the post-2011 semi-civilian era. Instead of being silenced, Burmese artists learned to speak with a voice that was more subtle, but no less potent. Interviews conducted with Burmese painters, curators and a current member of the Censorship Board provide a first-hand perspective on how experimental artists and the state struggled to define national identity under the SPDC-SLORC regime.
Fighting the First Indochina War Again?: Catholic Refugees in South Vietnam, 1954–59
Authors: Nguyen Phi Vân
Published: April 2016

Vietnam War studies have often focused on the United States’ commitment to fight communism, but Catholic refugees who moved to the South after the 1954 Geneva Agreements were also determined to fight against Hanoi. In publications associated with these refugees, two fundamental factors explain their anti-communism: their desire to avenge their forced departure from the North and their opposition to atheism. An analysis of these refugees’ focus on uniting Vietnam and freeing it from communism sheds new light on the aftermath of their migration, on the political significance of religious faith and on the fashioning of a non-communist nationalism in Vietnam.
The Demise of Cambodian Royalism and the Legacy of Sihanouk
Authors: Norén-Nilsson Astrid
Published: April 2016

Cambodian royalism is in its death throes. While the death of King-Father Sihanouk in 2012 caused an outburst of popular emotion, in the national elections held the following year royalists failed for the first time to win any parliamentary seats. A detailed case study of the difficulty of transposing royal legitimacy to the party-political context explains this apparent paradox. During the Second Kingdom (1993–present) a largely hidden struggle to imbue royalism with meaning has unfolded. At the centre of this struggle has been the difficulty of transferring legitimacy from Sihanouk to other royalist actors, and in particular to his son Norodom Ranariddh. Sihanouk’s unmatchable significance has resulted in formidable challenges that now confront Cambodian royalism.
Health Inequalities, Public Sector Involvement and Malaria Control in Cambodia
Authors: Bourdier Frédéric
Published: April 2016

Cambodia is constructing a broad partnership to guide the delivery of public health services in a context of historical anarchy in the health sector and of contemporary political obstacles. Ironically, the conditions of this partnership undermine the sovereignty of the national programme and hinder the ability of the government to provide comprehensive services. National authorities have given in to the pressure of international funding agencies to adopt approaches characterized by verticalization, multicentred interventions, volunteerism and private partnership. The malaria eradication programme is an example of how the disjointed strategy of combining various interventions can lead to increasing spatial and social health inequalities. In addition, the Cambodian government is often overburdened in trying to manage a multitude of frequently incoherent external interventions. The criteria for efficient delivery reveal an unsustainable national public health vision. Local planners should reconsider the parameters under which they engage with external parties and shore up the autonomy of their decision-making.
L'autre millénaire d'Esther Rochon
Authors: Santoro Miléna
Published: April 2016

In l'Epuisement du soleil and l'Espace du diamant , science-fiction author Rochon imagines the Asven people on the threshold of a new era in their history. This essay examines her portryal of the other as an agent for personal and societal change, and suggests the pertinence of Rochon's analysis of alterity to the increasingly heterogeneous context of fin-de-siècle Quebec.
Woman's inter-mission: Speaking between in L'Ecole des Femmes
Authors: Jewett Katharine H.
Published: April 2016

Although seventeenth-century French authors praised their heroines as plausible, fictional women such as Chimène, Agnès and Madame de Clèves were often pawns of conservatives' efforts to prevent the second sex from speaking out. That Agnès, the heroine of Molière's 1662 play L'Ecole des Femmes , lies chronologically between the heroines of Corneille and Madame de Lafayette coincides with the between-ness of Agnès's existence in her text as a speaking woman in a difficult place. Her struggle to know and to speak is evidence of a public debate in the seventeenth-century over the boundaries of women's discursive realm.
Male Bonds and Female Ties: Duclos's Les Confessions du comte de *** and Mme Riccoboni's Histoire du marquis de Cressy
Authors: Thomas Ruth P.
Published: April 2016

This essay considers a male libertine novel and a female novel of sensibility through the grid of "amitié" which structures both works. In Histoire du marquis de Cressy , Mme Riccoboni rewrites Duclos' Les Confessions du comte de ***. She replaces the asymetrical and hierarchical vertical friendship traditionally associated with men with a horizontal friendship between women linked through sameness and rapport. She makes his novel of seduction and conquest into a study of female relationships.
Women in the Presidential Race: Arlette Laguiller and Dominique Voynet, 1995
Authors: Moores Pamela M.
Published: April 2016

This article compares campaign literature, official broadcasts and the wider media coverage of Laguiller's and Voynet's campaigns, with particular reference to women's issues, feminist politics and the respective media representation of the candidates as women. It explores the extent to which Laguiller's and Voynet's presence in the elections exerted pressure on mainstream candidates to put the issue of women's representation higher on the political agenda.
Monique Laederach romancière: voix et langages de femme
Authors: Morris Michèle R.
Published: April 2016

Laederach, romancière suisse, par une écriture féminine poétique et personnelle, traduit l'effort des femmes (surtout dans J'ai rêvé Lara debout , 1990) de s'identifier et de communiquer. Lara ne réussit pas encore à se tenir debout, mais elle conteste l'ordre et le fait en découvrant les divers langages qui essaient vainement de se comprendre: le sien, fluide, elliptique et inefficace; celui de son mari, confiant et dominateur; celui, à peine verbal et impénétrable, des enfants exclus auxquels elle s'allie; et celui, raciste, des villageois xénophobes.
Mallarmé et La Dernière Mode : the Fascination of the Feminine
Authors: Stafford Hélène
Published: April 2016

Recent criticism in Mallarmé studies has tended to move away from a perception of the poet as supremely difficult, to the point of hermiticism and obscurity, and to focus on some of his lesser-known prose works, among them the intriguing fashion magazine La Dernière Mode . As the sole director and editor, Mallarmé impersonates a number of female contributors. In this article, I analyze briefly the female personae of the fashion editors, and the measure of Mallarmé's success as a literary transvestite, drawing on Bakhtinian concepts of polyphonic or dialogic form and the importance of the context of reception. This is also a study of images of women and femininity in the 'revue,' with reference to feminist critical theory and a questioning of Mallarmé's motives in constructing a complex feminine world in which he positions himself.
(Re)Creating Identity in Simone Benmussa's The Singular Life of Albert Nobbs
Authors: Smucker Carol J.
Published: April 2016

A series of masks both defines and obscures identity for the title character in Benmussa's play, which is adapted from George Moore's short story. Layers of identity are created by an omniscient narrator who speaks for Albert Nobbs and interprets her desires as she acts out a male role on stage. The fictional Albert parallels the narrator's multi-layered approach as she cloaks her body in men's clothing, only to stifle her inner longings. This articleanalyzes gender identity, self-definition, and societal stereotypes by comparing Moore's story and Benmussa's stage adaptation.
Marie Darrieussecq ou lard de la calorie vide
Authors: Favre Isabelle
Published: April 2016

En 1996, le premier roman de Marie Darrieussecq, Truismes , fit une sortie de presse très remarquée. Au-delà des apparences—il s'agit de la transformation d'une jeune femme en truie—, ce roman joue très finement avec la stylistique et demande à être lu au deuxième degré. Cet essai tentera de démontrer comment les excès de forme présentés dans ce texte renvoient à des concepts beaucoup plus ardus tels que l'abjection (Kristeva), le sens de l'éthique et le chaos organisateur (Lipovetsky). La discussion qui suit portera donc sur le rôle et les conséquences de ce "trop" narratologique qui parcourt les pages de Truismes .
Cebille/Sebile: Jeanne Flore, Reader of Christine de Pizan?
Authors: Bauschatz Cathleen M.
Published: April 2016

The identity of the author of Jean Flore's Contes Amoureux (1539) has been much debated in recent years: male or female? individual or group? feminist or misogynist? This essay proposes to answer some of the above questions by comparing one of the characters from the Contes Amoureux with a character of the same name in Christine de Pizan's Livre du Duc des Vrais Amans (1403-05). Although the two women, Sebile and Cebille, play similar roles in the two books, they are evaluated by their authors in diametrically opposed ways, giving rise to the theory that not only is the gender of the two authors different, but that their ideologies vary widely, from critique of courtly love to desperate attempt to salvage it.
Gossiping Gospels: The Secret Strength of Female Speech in Ancien Régime France
Authors: Randall Catharine
Published: April 2016

Two anonymous texts, probably female-authored, frame the late medieval period and the end of the seventeenth century. They demonstrate a variety of rhetorical and imaged strategies to valorize female expression and writing. They also, in so doing, inscribe the tensions that male norms and institutions created regarding female authorship.
"Ecrire, c'est un banquet où tout le monde apporte": Entrevue avec Aminata Sow Fall
Authors: Aas-Rouxparis Nicole , Fall Aminata Sow
Published: April 2016

Née à Saint Louis du Sénégal en 1941, Aminata Sow Fall a fait ses études supérieures à la Sorbonne et a commencé sa carrière comme professeur de lettres au Sénégal. Elle a ensuite occupé les positions de directrice du Centre d'Etudes et des Civilisations et directrice de la Propriété Intellectuelle et Littéraire à Dakar avant de fonder la maison d'éditions Khoudia et de prendre la direction du Centre d'Animations et d'Échanges Culturels (CAEC) situé dans le même complexe. Elle se consacre aujourd'hui principalement à l'écriture.
Mater Dolorosa: Motherhood Reclaimed in Three Novels by Marcelle Tinayre
Authors: Grenaudier-Klijn France
Published: April 2016

Under the combined influence of Rousseau's educational precepts, and the increasing power of the medical body, nineteenth-century France witnessed a new maternal ideology and discourse. Motherhood became a sacred function. Such sanctification led to a new definition of the mother as pious, devoted, silent, submissive and resigned. Mater Dolorosa reigned supreme. However, as my analysis of three novels by Marcelle Tinayre will show, not all novelists were ready to embrace such tenets with open arms. By examining the tensions created in each narrative by the introduction of maternal scenes, we will examine how Tinayre attempts to reformulate and in the process reclaim motherhood.
Confesseur et pécheresse: conversion et subversion dans Léon Morin, prêtre de Béatrix Beck
Authors: Do Tess
Published: April 2016

Prix Goncourt 1952 avec son troisième roman, Léon Morin, prêtre , qui se souvient de Béatrix Beck, vedette littéraire d'un jour lointain? Qui s'intéresse à relire ce livre dont le titre risque de préclasser dans le genre de propagande religieuse? Pourtant, dans cette histoire de prêtre, « l'habit ne fait pas le moine ». Sous l'apparence conformiste d'une histoire de conversion et derrière le triomphe conventionnel de la foi, se tisse la trame d'un sous-texte qui n'est autre que subversion et parodie du texte de surface. Miné par le puissant désir de la femme, le sermon du prêtre se rompt et la voix du confesseur se perd dans le discours de la narratrice. Au seuil du nouveau millénium, notre relecture du roman de Beck est justement une invitation à écouter cette narration de femme et à redécouvrir les auteures peu connues du siècle dernier.
Dishing the Dirt: Metamorphosis in Marie Darrieussecq's Truismes
Authors: Gaudet Jeannette
Published: April 2016

The theme of metamorphosis and the construction of the gendered subject are examined in Marie Darrieussecq's provocative first novel. The literary trope allows the author to expose the violence of sexist language and the brutality of contemporary French culture. However, in this profoundly ironic text corporal changes are disturbingly consistent with the narrator's naïveté and inability to learn from her experiences. Elle est bête in more ways than one. This essay also explores how the naïve stance of the speaking voice constructs the reader as sharing the same truistic beliefs and may account for some of the strong reactions to the novel.
Re-Discovering the Travel Narratives of Ella Maillart
Authors: Borella Sara Steinert
Published: April 2016

Swiss-French writer and adventurer Ella Maillart traveled all over Asia in the 1930s and 1940s before the onslaught of modern tourism. Maillart recounts through her prose and photos the stories that made up these journeys: her travel books offer observations and images of worlds little known to her readers. Maillart's five travel books make a significant contribution to the larger body of women's travel writing and to feminist studies as a whole. Yet outside of Switzerland, Ella Maillart remains virtually unknown to the scholarly world.
The Assumption and Reorganization of Sex in the Prologue to the Heptaméron
Authors: Reeser Todd W.
Published: April 2016

Discussions of gender and gender fluidity in Marguerite de Navarre's Heptaméron generally assume a stable notion of sex. In this article, I argue that instead of taking sex for granted, the opening scene of Marguerite's prologue allegorizes the creation of sex in a non-sexist mold. The text then reiterates its brand of sex by carving out sexual symmetry amongst the devisants . At the end of the prologue, sex is hidden, thus assumed, as the text hands the narrative over to gender so that the subsequent nouvelles can focus on gender and relations between the sexes. Cultural and literary sources such as Renaissance bath imagery, Calvin, and Ovid are taken into account.
Body, Text, and Language: Wittig's Struggle For The Universal In Les Guérillères
Authors: Wilkens Cybelle McFadden
Published: April 2016

In her second book, Les Guérillères , published in 1969, Monique Wittig sought to challenge and revolutionize the representation of women's experience. This text has often been read as a militant feminist text, but I would like to suggest a new reading of it: Wittig's Les Guérillères , read in light of the French commitment to the universal, posits the possibility for women to represent all of humanity, that is, the general or the whole. The allegory of the Amazonian women fighting for freedom is a powerful one indeed, for it captures the need for women to reclaim their silenced voices, but more importantly to show a historical process whereby women become representative of humanity, neither more nor less human than men. Reading Wittig's Les Guérillères from a Beauvoirean perspective allows for the realization of the category of women to represent all human beings. How can women represent the universal, be representative of humanity, without denying their situation or claiming some sort of neutrality? Wittig engages this task thematically and linguistically in Les Guérillères . I will argue that the women in the text do not seek a gender-neutral corrective to the destructive masculine order, but that they strive to represent the general, the whole, as embodied women.
« L'aventure li manderai! » Désir de communication dans les Lais de Marie de France
Authors: Dauphin-Persuy Camille
Published: April 2016

An important role is conferred to the desire for communication shared by the women characters staged in the narrative of the lais Aüstic, Milun, Yonec and Eliduc written in the 12 th century by the first French woman poet Marie de France. Women's desire for communication, hint of their aspiration for power, appears in the lais in various forms: discourse, correspondence, artistic media, and other subterfuges used to counter the imposed silence, a silence itself echoed and underlined by the shadows, the ellipses created by the narrator of the lais, hence raising many interrogations regarding their interpretation.
Anorexie, prostitution et psychanalyse dans Putain de Nelly Arcan
Authors: King Andrea
Published: April 2016

Dans cette étude, nous proposons une lecture féministe et psychanalyste du récit autofictionnel Putain de Nelly Arcan. Après une exploration du désir de la narratrice pour son père et de la haine qu'elle ressent envers sa mère, nous scrutons son anorexie et sa prostitution, véhicules par lesquels elle adopte les valeurs de la féminité à outrance tout en les critiquant. Malgré cette critique, la narratrice se trouve de plus en plus emprisonnée dans le discours patriarcal. C'est seulement par l'autopsychanalyse qu'elle atteindra la jouissance, qu'elle partage avec les lectrices du récit en les invitant à participer à son analyse.
Passion simple , "Fragments autour de Philippe V." and L'Usage de la photo : The Many Stages of Annie Ernaux's Desire
Authors: Viti Elizabeth Richardson
Published: April 2016

What is remarkable about Annie Ernaux's three texts which focus on desire is the way in which they provoke a literary "tac-au-tac" as well as escalate the stakes in a "she said, he said" discussion of sexuality. Indeed, this simple reversal of the typical "he said, she said" formula points out immediately that it is always Ernaux who is the agent provocateur. Alain Gérard responds to Passion simple with Madame, c'est à vous que j'écris; L'étreinte is Philippe Vilain's elaboration ofhis love affair with Ernaux that she reduces to two pages; and L'Usage de la photo completes this sexual call and response within one text. Both Annie Ernaux and Marc Marie react to photographs of clothing quickly discarded as they prepare to make love. With each text Ernaux becomes increasingly audacious, seeking to disorient readers with unsettling candor. Key to her defiance is the manner in which she coopts the male gaze, exploits voyeurism and uses it to her own ends: she is both the object of the gaze and she who decides the mise en scène. In other words, each stage in this ongoing narrative of desire progressively reveals the degree to which it is always the narrator—and consequently female desire—who is center stage.
La femme selon L' Encyclopédie
Authors: Delahaye Sophie
Published: April 2016

La femme selon L'Encyclopédie compare les tentatives de définir la femme, à travers deux outils d'un savoir objectif et scientifique : les dictionnaires du XVII e au XX e siècle ainsi que l' Encyclopédie de Diderot et d'Alembert. Cette comparaison permet d'une part, de replacer le discours masculin sur la femme au siècle des Lumières dans sa perspective historique, et d'autre part, de noter l'effort progressiste de ceux qui rédigèrent l'article « femme » de l' Encyclopédie ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers . Si les définitions des dictionnaires demeurent conservatrices voire archaïques, les encyclopédistes proposent en revanche une critique des idées reçues. Quatre contributeurs : Barthès, Jaucourt, Desmahis et d'Argis, confessent l'aporie du discours masculin concernant la femme. En faisant de l'Encyclopédie un lieu de dialogue, ils tentent de résorber les manques d'un discours déficient et prennent parti en faveur de l'égalité des sexes et pour la cause féminine.
Vie de fille, vie de femme: Entretien avec Marie Etienne
Authors: Cornelio Dawn M.
Published: April 2016

Marie Etienne, poète, essayiste, critique et romancière, a publié plus d'une vingtaine d'ouvrages depuis 1977. Dans cet entretien, elle discute, honnêtement et avec candeur, du rôle de la femme dans le monde et dans la littérature. Elle réfléchit aux influences du monde et de la littérature sur la fille et la femme, et imagine comment la femme peut échapper aux rôles qui lui sont attribué.
À la limite de l'endurance. Énonciation et éthique chez Chantal Chawaf
Authors: Schwerdtner Karin
Published: April 2016

Le présent article, qui porte sur trois parutions récentes de Chantal Chawaf : L'ombre, Sable noir et Infra-monde, s'intéressera au rapport entre la représentation de l'endurance féminine et les enjeux de l'énonciation. Nous examinerons, d'une part, les difficultés auxquelles fait face la femme parvenue à la limite maximale de sa capacité à endurer et, d'autre part, la « parole » et les fins éthiques pour lesquelles elle tente de se faire entendre.
What's in a Name?: Machaut, Deschamps, Peronne, and the Uses of Women for Writers in Fourteenth Century France
Authors: Findley Brooke Heidenreich
Published: April 2016

Guillaume de Machaut's Voir Dit (c. 1364) stages a young woman's poetic apprenticeship and quotes poems and letters said to have been written by her. Although works by Machaut's contemporary Deschamps identify this woman as a certain Peronne, her status as an historical figure remains problematic. This essay revisits the passages in which Machaut and Deschamps name Peronne, and shows that such moments of naming provide the male poet with an occasion to define and name himself, establishing his identity in counterpoint to that of the woman he addresses. Although information about Peronne remains elusive, Machaut's and Deschamps' use of her in their texts testifies both to the importance they accorded to women's amateur literary activity, and to the trepidation with which they sometimes regarded it.
Madame de Maintenon's Proverbes inédits: Words to live by
Authors: Kennedy Theresa Varney
Published: April 2016

Françoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de Maintenon, best known as King Louis XIV's mistress, was a woman whom many loved to hate. As a result, her contribution to female education and to theater has regretfully been forgotten. As the institutrice of Saint-Cyr, a boarding school for young girls from impoverished noble families, Maintenon was strikingly ahead of her time with the emphasis she placed on speaking and discussion, an approach that sharply opposed traditional seventeenth century convent education. For Maintenon, theater represented a useful pedagogical tool to be used in the classroom environment. Madame de Maintenon's proverbes inédits (1690-1710), short skits intended for her students at Saint-Cyr, are in actuality quite progressive for the seventeenth century in terms of moral instruction for young women. Her dramatic plays teach young women how to respect themselves and how to avoid becoming victims in a man's world. Although Maintenon does not propose that women should attempt to reverse the patriarchal system, she demonstrates that women may create a harmonious existence for themselves within the private sphere. My study will suggest that Maintenon's own personal experiences inspire her to speak through her dramatic plays and warn her pupils about the kinds of obstacles they might encounter in their future lives, particularly as females. Thus, through the staging of her own experiences, Maintenon takes on the role of protector and spokeswoman ofthe female sex.
Embracing Sexual Difference in Catherine Breillat's Anatomy of Hell (2003)
Authors: Belot Sophie
Published: April 2016

Since the late 1990s, Catherine Breillat has lent her name to a form of cinema in Europe that deals with the contemporary issue of woman's quest for sexual identity. I will claim that Anatomie de l'Enfer shares some similarities with her previous film(s) but also departs from them/it. This departure is what will particularly interest me in this study. Anatomy of Hell revolves around a woman who pays a gay man "to watch her where she is unwatchable." While he contemplates her most intimate self, she is mainly asleep, relegated to a passive position. This active/passive split corresponding to a sexual division between man and woman, brings to mind Mulvey's feminist film theory. Through a detailed analysis of the film's major scenes, I propose to address the above issue. In this article I offer a critical discussion centering on the innovation in the cinematic representation of sexual explicitness of a woman's most intimate interiority. This article looks at Anatomy of Hell as a prominent and symbolic film among Breillat's corpus in the sense that, as I aim to argue, it offers an (inter)relationship or an exchange between the sexes. A consideration of the extent of the film's political impact will lead in the conclusion of this study to express an appreciation of Breillat's influence in contemporary European filmmaking.
Le Masque de l'aveu comme stratégie de légitimation de l'écriture féminine
Authors: Tremblay Isabelle
Published: April 2016

Mon étude comparative d'une œuvre influente de Crébillon fils, Lettres de la marquise de M... au comte de R ...(1732), et d'un roman de Marie-Jeanne Riccoboni, Lettres de Fanni Butlerd (1757), révèle que cette romancière fait un usage particulier du circuit fermé que réalise la narration à une voix. Si la monodie exalte dans les deux romans le thème de l'amour, elle participe à affermir et à conforter certains préjugés dans le roman de Crébillon fils alors que dans la fiction de Mme Riccoboni, elle contribue à esquisser les moyens pour les femmes de mener une existence heureuse en plus d'être l'occasion pour l'héroïne d'exercer son propre jugement. La manière dont Mme Riccoboni utilise les ressources de la narration monodique pour traiter des préoccupations de la femme écrivain témoigne d'une tentative audacieuse d'élaborer une stratégie de légitimation de l'écriture féminine et d'investir une forme littéraire reconnue d'un discours nouveau sur les relations de pouvoir entre les sexes.
Dangerous Exchanges: Gender and Money-Lending in Medieval Northern France
Authors: Pérez Rosa Álvarez
Published: April 2016

Jewish women played a central symbolic and practical role in helping their persecuted communities maintain coherence and identity, but their non-normative leadership roles are rarely recognized. This article examines their little-known but essential contributions to the burgeoning economic life of Northern French cities from the twelfth to the fourteenth century. Although they usually made only small loans, they often collaborated with male Jewish money-lenders in short-lived, varying partnerships in order to make substantial loans to nobles, for marriages or financial emergencies. In some localities, they controlled as much as one-third of the loan business. They had few female Christian counterparts. Not generally more emancipated than Christian women, they nevertheless found in money-lending opportunities to assert autonomy not otherwise granted them by society.
Designed to Succeed: Dimensions of Product Design and Their Impact on Market Share
Authors: Jindal Rupinder P. , Sarangee Kumar R. , Echambadi Raj , Lee Sangwon
Published: April 2016

This research examines the relationship between product design and market share, a topic of considerable significance that has not been addressed in the published literature. Drawing from diverse disciplines such as marketing, industrial design, and engineering, the authors conceptualize design as being composed of three distinct product-level dimensions: function, form, and ergonomics. Furthermore, the authors examine the interplay among these design dimensions and their impact on the market share of a product. Empirical results using integrated repeated cross-sectional data obtained from several different sources in the U.S. light vehicle industry reveal an important strategic trade-off concerning design capabilities. Firms can either “design for satisfaction,” by investing in both function and ergonomics, or “design for delight,” by investing in form design capabilities so as to reap share rewards. The authors also show that older-generation vehicles with superior form designs do much better in terms of share than corresponding older vehicles with higher levels of either function or ergonomics. Implications of these results for academic researchers and managers are discussed.
Multi-disciplinary, community-oriented design of
low-noise aircraft: the COSMA project
Authors: Iemma Umberto
Published: April 2016

The EC-funded project COSMA (Community Oriented
Solutions to Minimize aircraft noise Annoyance, 7th
Framework Programme) started in June 2009 with an ambitious,
twofold goal: improve the understanding of the
annoyance induced by aircraft noise on the population
and identify the engineering guidelines to establish appropriate
design strategies and operational procedure to reduce
these effects. The project was conceived within the
context of the X-Noise Collaborative Network, a worldwide
network of experts and institutions committed to the
commercial aviation noise challenge. The COSMA objectives
were addressed using a highly multi-disciplinary approach,
integrating competences pertaining to psychoacoustics,
sound engineering, and aeronautical engineering.
The work of twenty-three research groups from nine
European countries was structured in six, strongly interconnected
work packages. Aim of the present paper is the
review of this cross-disciplinary research from the point
of view of the aircraft designer. The attention is focused
on the Optimisation of Airport Noise Scenarios work package,
where the aeronautical technology contextwas established
in detail and where, eventually, the design criteria
and operational recommendation were defined on the basis
of the outcomes of the annoyance examination experimental
campaign.
Space, Place, and Realism
Authors: Thornham Sue
Published: April 2016

John Hill has described the ways in which male-centered narratives of British “working-class films” of the 1980s and 1990s mobilize the idea of the working-class community as “a metaphor for the state of the nation.” Writing on films of the same era by women directors, Charlotte Brunsdon deems it more difficult to see these films as “representations of the nation.” There are, she writes, “real equivocations in the fit between being a woman and representing Britishness.” This article explores this issue, arguing that the history of British cinema to which Hill's chapter contributes is not only bound up with a particular sense of British national identity, but founded on a particular conception, and use, of space and place. Taking Andrea Arnold's Red Road (2006) as its case study, it asks what it is about this sense of space and place that excludes women as subjects, rendering their stories outside of and even disruptive of the tradition Hill describes. Finally, drawing on feminist philosophy and cultural geography, it suggests ways in which answering these questions might also help us think about the difficult questions raised by Jane Gaines, in a number of articles, around how we might think together feminist film theory and film history.
The Coming of the Projectionettes
Authors: Harrison Rebecca
Published: April 2016

This article investigates women's roles as cinema projectionists, and transformations in women's spectatorship, in Britain during World War II. Between 1939 and 1945 the British Cinematograph Exhibitors' Association (CEA), among other organizations, encouraged women to train as projectionists when the government conscripted men into the armed forces. The “projectionettes” experienced unequal pay, often chaotic training programs, and patronizingly sexualized portrayals in contemporary press reports. Yet without women projectionists, British cinemas would not have been able to operate during the war. This essay traces their histories and daily working lives through archival materials and the trade press. Moreover, by situating their work in a broader narrative about gendered spectatorship, the article proposes that owing to changing labor conditions, women gained new perspectives through their experiences in the movie theater. Investigating women projectionists is a valuable strategy in a broader reexamination of British film exhibition, points of view, and the proliferation of “women's cinema” during wartime.