bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 Severity and Mortality in Solid Organ Transplantation: Differences between Liver, Heart, and Kidney Recipients
Authors: Alberca Ricardo Wesley , Alberca Gabriela Gama Freire , Netto Lucas Chaves , Orfali Raquel Leão , Gozzi-Silva Sarah Cristina , da Silva Duarte Alberto José , Aoki Valeria , Sato Maria Notomi , Benard Gil
Published: August 2021

The infection by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) can generate a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to severe respiratory and systemic disease with coagulation disorder named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Patients with comorbidities have been identified as risk groups for severe COVID-19, also having a higher death risk. Previous reports have conflicting results regarding if solid organ transplant recipients present an increased risk for COVID-19. Nevertheless, previous investigations failed to distinguish between different organs received or made a longitudinal investigation on those patients. We recruited 39 solid organ transplant recipients: 25 kidney transplant recipients, 7 heart transplant recipients, and 7 liver transplant recipients and 25 age-matched non-transplant COVID-19 patients without comorbidities (control group) and compared daily laboratory data in addition to performing survival analysis. Heart and kidney transplant recipients presented an increase in several COVID-19 severity-associated biomarkers, such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and thrombocytopenia, in comparison to the control group and liver transplant recipients. Heart and kidney transplant recipients also presented an increase in the need for intensive care and invasive mechanical ventilation during the disease’s course. Importantly, heart and kidney transplant recipients presented a higher mortality rate in comparison to liver transplant recipients and non-transplant recipients. In our cohort, heart and kidney transplant recipients presented a difference in clinical characteristics and survival rate in comparison to liver transplant recipients. Further investigation involving immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in solid organ recipients should consider and separate patients according to the organ grafted.
Impact of COVID-19 on Tuberculosis Case Detection and Treatment Outcomes in Sierra Leone
Authors: Lakoh Sulaiman , Jiba Darlinda F. , Baldeh Mamadu , Adekanmbi Olukemi , Barrie Umu , Seisay Alhassan L. , Deen Gibrilla F. , Salata Robert A. , Yendewa George A.
Published: August 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected tuberculosis (TB) care delivery in high burden countries. We therefore conducted a retrospective study to assess the impact of COVID-19 on TB case detection and treatment outcomes at the Chest Clinic at Connaught Hospital in Freetown, Sierra Leone. Overall, 2300 presumptive cases were tested during the first three quarters of 2020 (intra-COVID-19) versus 2636 in 2019 (baseline), representing a 12.7% decline. Testing declined by 25% in women, 20% in children and 81% in community-initiated referrals. Notwithstanding, laboratory-confirmed TB cases increased by 37.0% and treatment success rate was higher in 2020 (55.6% vs. 46.7%, p = 0.002). Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that age < 55 years (aOR 1.74, 95% CI (1.80, 2.56); p = 0.005), new diagnosis (aOR 1.69, 95% CI (1.16, 2.47); p = 0.007), pulmonary TB (aOR 3.17, 95% CI (1.67, 6.04); p < 0.001), HIV negative status (aOR 1.60, 95%CI (1.24, 2.06); p < 0.001) and self-administration of anti-TB drugs through monthly dispensing versus directly observed therapy (DOT) (aOR 1.56, 95% CI (1.21, 2.03); p = 0.001) independently predicted treatment success. These findings may have policy implications for DOTS in this setting and suggest that more resources are needed to reverse the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on TB program activities in Sierra Leone.
Exacerbation of Influenza A Virus Disease Severity by Respiratory Syncytial Virus Co-Infection in a Mouse Model
Authors: George Junu A. , AlShamsi Shaikha H. , Alhammadi Maryam H. , Alsuwaidi Ahmed R.
Published: August 2021

Influenza A virus (IAV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are leading causes of childhood infections. RSV and influenza are competitive in vitro. In this study, the in vivo effects of RSV and IAV co-infection were investigated. Mice were intranasally inoculated with RSV, with IAV, or with both viruses (RSV+IAV and IAV+RSV) administered sequentially, 24 h apart. On days 3 and 7 post-infection, lung tissues were processed for viral loads and immune cell populations. Lung functions were also evaluated. Mortality was observed only in the IAV+RSV group (50% of mice did not survive beyond 7 days). On day 3, the viral loads in single-infected and co-infected mice were not significantly different. However, on day 7, the IAV titer was much higher in the IAV+RSV group, and the RSV viral load was reduced. CD4 T cells were reduced in all groups on day 7 except in single-infected mice. CD8 T cells were higher in all experimental groups except the RSV-alone group. Increased airway resistance and reduced thoracic compliance were demonstrated in both co-infected groups. This model indicates that, among all the infection types we studied, infection with IAV followed by RSV is associated with the highest IAV viral loads and the most morbidity and mortality.
Serological Screening for Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in Dutch Shelter Cats
Authors: van der Leij W. J. R. , Broens Els M. , Hesselink Jan Willem , Schuurman Nancy , Vernooij Johannes C. M. , Egberink Herman F.
Published: August 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic raised concerns that companion animals might be infected with, and could become a reservoir of, SARS-CoV-2. As cats are popular pets and susceptible to Coronavirus, we investigated the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in shelter cats housed in Dutch animal shelters during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this large-scale cross-sectional study, serum samples of shelter cats were collected during the second wave of human COVID-19 infections in The Netherlands. Seroprevalence was determined by using an indirect protein-based ELISA validated for cats, and a Virus Neutralization Test (VNT) as confirmation. To screen for feline SARS-CoV-2 shedding, oropharyngeal and rectal swabs of cats positive for ELISA and/or VNT were analyzed using PCR tests. In 28 Dutch animal shelters, 240 shelter cats were convenience sampled. Two of these cats (0.8%; CI 95%: 0.1–3.0%) were seropositive, as evidenced by the presence of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. The seropositive animals tested PCR negative for SARS-CoV-2. Based on the results of this study, it is unlikely that shelter cats could be a reservoir of SARS-CoV-2 or pose a (significant) risk to public health.
A Novel Frameshifting Inhibitor Having Antiviral Activity against Zoonotic Coronaviruses
Authors: Ahn Dae-Gyun , Yoon Gun Young , Lee Sunhee , Ku Keun Bon , Kim Chonsaeng , Kim Kyun-Do , Kwon Young-Chan , Kim Geon-Woo , Kim Bum-Tae , Kim Seong-Jun
Published: August 2021

Recent outbreaks of zoonotic coronaviruses, such as Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), have caused tremendous casualties and great economic shock. Although some repurposed drugs have shown potential therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials, specific therapeutic agents targeting coronaviruses have not yet been developed. During coronavirus replication, a replicase gene cluster, including RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), is alternatively translated via a process called -1 programmed ribosomal frameshift (−1 PRF) by an RNA pseudoknot structure encoded in viral RNAs. The coronavirus frameshifting has been identified previously as a target for antiviral therapy. In this study, the frameshifting efficiencies of MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 were determined using an in vitro −1 PRF assay system. Our group has searched approximately 9689 small molecules to identify potential −1 PRF inhibitors. Herein, we found that a novel compound, 2-(5-acetylthiophen-2yl)furo[2,3-b]quinoline (KCB261770), inhibits the frameshifting of MERS-CoV and effectively suppresses viral propagation in MERS-CoV-infected cells. The inhibitory effects of 87 derivatives of furo[2,3-b]quinolines were also examined showing less prominent inhibitory effect when compared to compound KCB261770. We demonstrated that KCB261770 inhibits the frameshifting without suppressing cap-dependent translation. Furthermore, this compound was able to inhibit the frameshifting, to some extent, of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, the novel compound 2-(5-acetylthiophen-2yl)furo[2,3-b]quinoline may serve as a promising drug candidate to interfere with pan-coronavirus frameshifting.
mRNA Vaccines Enhance Neutralizing Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Convalescent and ChAdOx1-Primed Subjects
Authors: Fabricius Dorit , Ludwig Carolin , Scholz Judith , Rode Immanuel , Tsamadou Chrysanthi , Jacobsen Eva-Maria , Winkelmann Martina , Grempels Aline , Lotfi Ramin , Janda Aleš , Körper Sixten , Adler Guido , Debatin Klaus-Michael , Schrezenmeier Hubert , Jahrsdörfer Bernd
Published: August 2021

To identify the most efficient methods of immunological protection against SARS-CoV-2, including the currently most widespread variants of concern (VOCs)—B.1.1.7, B.1.351 and P.1—a simultaneous side-by-side-comparison of available vaccination regimes is required. In this observational cohort study, we compared immunological responses in 144 individuals vaccinated with the mRNA vaccines BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 and the vector vaccine ChAdOx1-nCoV-19, either alone, in combination, or in the context of COVID-19-convalescence. Unvaccinated COVID-19-convalescent subjects served as a reference. We found that cellular and serological immune responses, including neutralizing capacity against VOCs, were significantly stronger with mRNA vaccines as compared with COVID-19-convalescent individuals or vaccinated individuals receiving the vector vaccine ChAdOx1-nCoV-19. Booster immunizations with mRNA vaccines triggered strong and broadly neutralizing antibody and IFN-γ responses in 100% of vaccinated individuals investigated. This effect was particularly strong in COVID-19-convalescent and ChAdOx1-nCoV-19-primed individuals, who were characterized by comparably moderate cellular and neutralizing antibody responses before mRNA vaccine booster. Heterologous vaccination regimes and convalescent booster regimes using mRNA vaccines may allow enhanced protection against SARS-CoV-2, including current VOCs. Furthermore, such regimes may facilitate rapid (re-)qualification of convalescent plasma donors with high titers of broadly neutralizing antibodies.
Australia’s Role in Pneumococcal and Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Evaluation in Asia-Pacific
Authors: Toh Zheng Quan , Quang Chau , Tooma Joseph A. , Garland Suzanne M. , Mulholland Kim , Licciardi Paul V.
Published: August 2021

Australian researchers have made substantial contributions to the field of vaccinology over many decades. Two examples of this contribution relate to pneumococcal vaccines and the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, with a focus on improving access to these vaccines in low- and lower-middle-income countries (LLMICs). Many LLMICs considering introducing one or both of these vaccines into their National Immunisation Programs face significant barriers such as cost, logistics associated with vaccine delivery. These countries also often lack the resources and expertise to undertake the necessary studies to evaluate vaccine performance. This review summarizes the role of Australia in the development and/or evaluation of pneumococcal vaccines and the HPV vaccine, including the use of alternative vaccine strategies among countries situated in the Asia-Pacific region. The outcomes of these research programs have had significant global health impacts, highlighting the importance of these vaccines in preventing pneumococcal disease as well as HPV-associated diseases.
Immunoinformatics Approach to Design Multi-Epitope- Subunit Vaccine against Bovine Ephemeral Fever Disease
Authors: Pyasi Shruti , Sharma Vinita , Dipti Kumari , Jonniya Nisha Amarnath , Nayak Debasis
Published: August 2021

Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) is an overlooked pathogen, recently gaining widespread attention owing to its associated enormous economic impacts affecting the global livestock industries. High endemicity with rapid spread and morbidity greatly impacts bovine species, demanding adequate attention towards BEFV prophylaxis. Currently, a few suboptimum vaccines are prevailing, but were confined to local strains with limited protection. Therefore, we designed a highly efficacious multi-epitope vaccine candidate targeted against the geographically distributed BEFV population. By utilizing immunoinformatics technology, all structural proteins were targeted for B- and T-cell epitope prediction against the entire allele population of BoLA molecules. Prioritized epitopes were adjoined by linkers and adjuvants to effectively induce both cellular and humoral immune responses in bovine. Subsequently, the in silico construct was characterized for its physicochemical parameters, high immunogenicity, least allergenicity, and non-toxicity. The 3D modeling, refinement, and validation of ligand (vaccine construct) and receptor (bovine TLR7) then followed molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation to validate their stable interactions. Moreover, in silico cloning of codon-optimized vaccine construct in the prokaryotic expression vector (pET28a) was explored. This is the first time HTL epitopes have been predicted using bovine datasets. We anticipate that the designed construct could be an effective prophylactic remedy for the BEF disease that may pave the way for future laboratory experiments.
Factors Affecting Hesitancy to mRNA and Viral Vector COVID-19 Vaccines among College Students in Italy
Authors: Salerno Laura , Craxì Lucia , Amodio Emanuele , Lo Coco Gianluca
Published: August 2021

Vaccine hesitancy (VH) may be significant in jeopardizing efforts to mass containment of COVID-19. A cross-sectional survey was carried out on a sample of 2667 Italian college students, before the COVID-19 vaccines became available for this age group (from 7 May to 31 May 2021). An online survey was created to obtain information about socio-demographic, health-related, and psychological factors linked to mRNA and viral vector COVID-19 vaccines. Statistically significant higher VH (30.4%) and vaccine resistance (12.2%) rates were found for viral vector than mRNA COVID-19 vaccines (7.2% and 1.0%, respectively; p < 0.001). Factors related to viral vector VH were partially different from those related to mRNA VH. Students with greater endorsement on conspiracy statements and negative attitudes toward the vaccine had higher odds of being vaccine-hesitant or -resistant. Students who had received a previous COVID-19 test and who scored higher on the agreeableness personality dimension had lower odds to be vaccine-hesitant or -resistant. The willingness to choose the vaccine was related to the viral vector but not to the mRNA VH. Taking into consideration the factors involved in vaccine hesitancy/resistance in college students could represent a key public health strategy to increase vaccine coverage and reduce viral spreading.
Optimal Multi-Sectoral Water Resources Allocation Based on Economic Evaluation Considering the Environmental Flow Requirements: A Case Study of Yellow River Basin
Authors: Zhang Cheng-Yao , Oki Taikan
Published: August 2021

Competitions and disputes between various human water sectors and environmental flow of the river are exacerbated due to the rapid growth of the economy in Yellow River basin as well as the limited supply of available water resources in recent decades. It is necessary to implement rational and effective management and allocation to alleviate the pressure of water shortage. In order to promote economic development and maintain the ecological balance of the river, both the water allocation to the river environmental system and different human needs should be of concern when making the allocation polices. This study developed a water allocation model based on Nash–Harsanyi bargaining game theory for optimal water resources allocation among agricultural, industrial, domestic, public, and urban ecological water (watering for urban green space) sectors while ensuring the environmental flow requirements of lower reaches. A comprehensive economic evaluation framework is built to assess the economic benefits of different water uses that were taken as the basis of water allocation model. The annual environmental base flow is 7.50 billion m3 in the lower reaches of Yellow River. Moreover, the optimal annual allocations for agricultural, industrial, domestic, public, and urban ecological water use sectors are estimated as 33.7, 6.42, 3.96, 1.75 and 2.68 billion m3, respectively.
Ensemble Mapping and Change Analysis of the Seafloor Sediment Distribution in the Sylt Outer Reef, German North Sea from 2016 to 2018
Authors: Galvez Daphnie , Papenmeier Svenja , Sander Lasse , Hass H. , Fofonova Vera , Bartholomä Alexander , Wiltshire Karen
Published: August 2021

Recent studies on seafloor mapping have presented different modelling methods for the automatic classification of seafloor sediments. However, most of these studies have applied these models to seafloor data with appropriate numbers of ground-truth samples and without consideration of the imbalances in the ground-truth datasets. In this study, we aim to address these issues by conducting class-specific predictions using ensemble modelling to map seafloor sediment distributions with minimal ground-truth data combined with hydroacoustic datasets. The resulting class-specific maps were then assembled into a sediment classification map, in which the most probable class was assigned to the appropriate location. Our approach was able to predict sediment classes without bias to the class with more ground-truth data and produced reliable seafloor sediment distributions maps that can be used for seafloor monitoring. The methods presented can also be used for other underwater exploration studies with minimal ground-truth data. Sediment shifts of a heterogenous seafloor in the Sylt Outer Reef, German North Sea were also assessed to understand the sediment dynamics in the marine conservation area during two different short timescales: 2016–2018 (17 months) and 2018–2019 (4 months). The analyses of the sediment shifts showed that the western area of the Sylt Outer Reef experienced sediment fluctuations but the morphology of the bedform features was relatively stable. The results provided information on the seafloor dynamics, which can assist in the management of the marine conservation area.
Design and Simulation of Stormwater Control Measures Using Automated Modeling
Authors: Radinja Matej , Škerjanec Mateja , Džeroski Sašo , Todorovski Ljupčo , Atanasova Nataša
Published: August 2021

Stormwater control measures (SCMs) are decentralized technical elements, which can prevent the negative effects of uncontrolled stormwater flow while providing co-benefits. Optimal SCMs have to be selected and designed to achieve the desired hydrological response of an urban catchment. In this study, automated modeling and domain-specific knowledge in the fields of modeling rainfall-runoff (RR) and SCMs are applied to automate the process of optimal SCM design. A new knowledge library for modeling RR and SCMs, compliant with the equation discovery tool ProBMoT (Process-Based Modeling Tool), was developed. The proposed approach was used to (a) find the optimal RR model that best fits the available pipe flow measurements, and (b) to find the optimal SCMs design that best fits the target catchment outflow. The approach was applied to an urban catchment in the city of Ljubljana, Slovenia. First, nine RR models were created that generally had »very good« performance according to the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency criteria. Second, six SCM scenarios (i.e., detention pond, storage tank, bio-retention cell, infiltration trench, rain garden, and green roof) were automatically designed and simulated, enabling the assessment of their ability to achieve the target outflow. The proposed approach enables the effective automation of two complex calibration tasks in the field of urban drainage.
Using MODIS-NDVI Time Series to Quantify the Vegetation Responses to River Hydro-Geomorphology in the Wandering River Floodplain in an Arid Region
Authors: Ablat Xarapat , Liu Gaohuan , Liu Qingsheng , Huang Chong
Published: August 2021

Vegetation, hydrology and geomorphology are three major elements of the floodplain ecosystem on Earth. Although the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) has been used extensively to characterize floodplain vegetation growth, vigour and biomass, methods for quantifying the various distinct responses of floodplain vegetation to hydro-geomorphological changes in different lateral belts in arid regions are still needed. In this study, the Linhe reach was divided into four lateral belts based on their hydro-geomorphological characteristics, and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-NDVI time series statistical indicators were used to characterise the distinct changing the patterns of vegetation growth in different belts. The response of floodplain vegetation to river hydro-geomorphology in each belt was analysed. The result showed that the average maximum NDVI value in the regular inundation area was 0.23 and higher than that in the other lateral belts. The correlation between the water persistence time and peak NDVI value in the regular water inundation area was significant (ρ = 0.84), indicating that in contrast to highly frequent or extremely rare water inundation, regular water inundation provides significant benefits to floodplains. Continuous or highly frequent inundation may cause decreased vegetation productivity. Overall, our results suggest that the vegetation greenness response to the river hydro-geomorphology is different from the river to the edge of the floodplain. Thus, a better understanding of the interactions between the floodplain vegetation and river hydro-morphology and river water resource management in arid-region floodplains.
Influence of clipping of North Caucasian Meat and Wool breed sheep before lambing on wool productivity of ewes and their offspring
Authors: Zakharina M. I.
Published: August 2021

Over the past 20 years, various scientists have conducted a number of researches on the effect of clipping before lambingon the wool productivity of sheep of different breeds and in different climatic conditions. The authors studied the effect of clipping before lambing on the milk production of ewes, studied the growth and development of lambs, the dynamics of live weight and the livability of young animals. The accumulated data allowed us to conclude that the use of clipping before lambing increases the productive performance of animals. However, these studies were fragmentary and did not have a systematic nature, so for these and other reasons they were not adopted by sheep breeders. The work on the infl uence of clipping before lambingon the wool productivity of the sheep of North Caucasian Meat and Wool breed has been carried out in the experimental division of the All-Russian Research Institute of Sheep and Goat Breeding. The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of late-autumn (November) insemination and clipping before lambing (3 weeks before lambing) of the sheep of North Caucasian Meat and Wool breed on the quality characteristics of the wool of ewes and their off spring. In accordance with the research methodology 2 groups of pregnant ewes have been selected, the formation of which has been carried out on the principle of analogues in age and live weight. In the 1st group (control) 100 heads were selected and have been clipping in the traditional terms after lambing (early June), in the 2nd group (experimental) 100 heads that were clipping three weeks before lambing (early April). It has been found in our studies that clipping ewes 21 days before lambing has a positive effect on the wool productivity of the resulting off spring. As the result of better growth and development of young animals, more intensively receive nutrients to the hair follicles, so most of them produce wool fiber.
Neural network analysis of telemetry data of on-board equipment of space crafts
Authors: SKOBTSOV Vadim Yu. , ARKHIPAU Vyatcheslav Yu.
Published: August 2021

Goal. Research and development of methodology and software tools of machine automated analysis of telemetry data of onboard equipment (OE) of space crafts (SC). Research methods. The developed software tools and methodology are based on the machine learning, neural networks and image processing methods and algorithms. Results. The paper presents solutions for the actual tasks of machine analysis of telemetry data of OE SC with the purpose of detecting the states of its functioning and analyzing the reliability and operability. Software tools and methodology of neural network clustering-classification analysis of OE SC telemetry data based on the application of the neural networks such as the Kohonen SOM and image processing methods have been developed. The software tools were implemented in desktop and web versions and has a flexible modular service-oriented architecture. Conclusion. The presented software tools and the methodology of neural network analysis of OE SC telemetry data were tested on real telemetry data of the Belarusian spacecraft and the SC group AIST and showed the results with a confidence probability value of at least 0.9. The proposed tools of neural network analysis of the OE SC telemetry data make it possible to develop recommendations for improving the indicators of OE SC reliability during design and operation, detecting the OE SC states, making the correct control and operational decisions of the ground control complex.
Key words: neural network, Kohonen SOM, image processing, modular service-oriented architecture, machine neural network telemetry data analysis, onboard equipment of space crafts.
Developing methods for taking into account the radiation coming from Earth in simulations of incoming electric power on the Russian Segment of the International Space Station in experiment Albedo
Authors: RULEV Dmitriy N.
Published: August 2021

The paper describes the implementation of space experiment Albedo, which provided a framework for developing methods of taking into account the radiation emitted by the system «atmosphere–underlying terrain» in simulations of the operation of the power supply system of the Russian Segment of the International Space Station. As a result of the implementation of the space experiment a procedure was developed for determining and using characteristics of radiation coming from Earth in the simulation of a space station power supply system, including procedures and special software for determining solar array performance and simulating power input coming from solar arrays taking into account Earth albedo, as well as recommendations are given for the control modes of power supply systems of orbital spacecraft. As a result of testing computational schemes for evaluating the solar array performance and simulating electric power output that takes into account the Earth albedo, substantiated values were obtained for the proposed reference parameter for evaluating the performance of solar arrays of the Service Module of the International Space Station.
Key words: Russian Segment of the International Space Station, solar arrays, electric power input, solar array performance estimate, radiation coming from Earth, albedo.
O lugar entre tantos: Akram Zaatari, memórias e experiências
Authors:   , Jacob João Paulo de Souza
Published: August 2021

O presente trabalho trata da construção do lugar na arte, partindo de uma obra do artista libanês Akram Zaatari, que entrega, no título, o mote e a metodologia de sua abordagem: Beirut Exploded Views. Neste estudo, que também é atravessado por memórias do pesquisador, pretendemos discutir o caminho metodológico e poético percorrido por Zaatari, relacionandoo com os percursos e trabalhos de outros artistas direcionados à reflexão sobre o lugar, em seus variados contextos e abordagens. A pesquisa é dividida em cinco capítulos, passando pelo encontro do autor com a temática e artista, a exploração da metodologia de Zaatari e a relevância, para a construção do lugar, de suas camadas espaciais, temporais, mnemônicas e ficcionais.
Avós em famílias com crianças com Síndrome de Down
Authors:   , Freguglia Daniela Silva
Published: August 2021

O presente estudo teve como objetivo geral avaliar o bem-estar psicológico e a participação dos avós nas famílias de seus filhos que possuem uma criança com Síndrome de Down (SD). Participaram deste trabalho 28 famílias com crianças com SD, totalizando 40 avós, sendo 27 avós e 13 avôs. Deste total, 24 avós são de vinculação materna e 16 de vinculação paterna. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: Questionário de Caracterização do Sistema Familiar, Listas, para assinalar de Atividades Compartilhadas e uma Escala de Desenvolvimento Pessoal – EDEP. Os resultados demonstram que os avós prestam apoio emocional e prático às famílias de seus filhos e uma minoria contribui financeiramente. O papel de avó/avô cuidador é exercido por 15% dos participantes, sendo uma tarefa predominantemente das avós maternas. No que se refere ao bem-estar psicológico dos idosos participantes, foram obtidos bons níveis com pontuações médias mais altas nos domínios: domínio do ambiente, crescimento pessoal e aceitação pessoal. Em relação à dimensão geratividade, a ação gerativa ‘criar’ foi a que teve menor pontuação média entre os participantes. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas nas características sociodemográficas de sexo, idade, estado civil, renda, escolaridade e com quem mora. Entretanto, os resultados da pesquisa apontam uma diferença estatisticamente significativa no score de bem-estar psicológico entre avós aposentados e aqueles que trabalham, sendo os economicamente ativos os que apresentaram níveis mais altos. Além disso, as pontuações médias das mulheres para o crescimento pessoal e para propósito de vida foram maiores que as apresentadas pelos homens. Espera-se que novas investigações sejam realizadas acerca da participação dos avós nas famílias de seus filhos, visto que a convivência entre várias gerações é cada dia mais frequente na sociedade brasileira, devendo ser investigada de modo a gerar dados empíricos que possam ser a base para o planejamento de novas políticas e intervenções sociais que vão ao encontro às necessidades locais.
BlockFlow: uma arquitetura baseada em Blockchain para confiança em Workflows científicos colaborativos apoiados por uma plataforma de ecossistema de software
Authors:   , Coelho Raiane Querino
Published: August 2021

Atualmente, os experimentos científicos são realizados de forma colaborativa. Na colaboração científica, o compartilhamento de dados, a troca de ideias e resultados são essenciais para promover o conhecimento e acelerar o desenvolvimento da ciência. Nesse sentido, com atividades cada vez mais complexas, os workflows científicos estão se tornando mais intensivos em dados, exigindo ambientes colaborativos, distribuídos e de alto desempenho (HPC), como grades ou nuvens, para sua execução. Esses ambientes em nuvem estão se tornando cada vez mais adotados por cientistas, pois fornecem escalabilidade e provisionamento de recursos sob demanda. Por outro lado, em experimentos científicos colaborativos baseados em dados, a interoperabilidade, a privacidade e a confiança devem ser consideradas. Para isso, dados de proveniência tem sido amplamente reconhecido por fornecer um histórico das etapas da realização de experimentos científicos, auxiliando na reprodutibilidade dos resultados. Além disso, uma das tecnologias que podem melhorar a colaboração, rastreabilidade e confiança nos resultados científicos, com o objetivo de reprodutibilidade, é blockchain. Nesse sentido, este trabalho propõe uma arquitetura baseada em blockchain, proveniência e infraestrutura em nuvem para trazer confiança na execução de experimentos científicos colaborativos. A arquitetura permite que os pesquisadores criem ambientes distribuídos e confiáveis para a experimentação científica colaborativa, apoiando a coleta e análise de dados de workflows científicos. A solução oferece um ambiente distribuído, que privilegia a interoperabilidade, a privacidade e a confiança em dados de fontes heterogêneas, para permitir a reprodutibilidade dos resultados obtidos na experimentação científica colaborativa.
Formação médica e cenários da APS: percepção dos estudantes e preceptores do curso de medicina
Authors:   , Massena Pascale Gonçalves
Published: August 2021

A preocupação, na realidade brasileira, em promover um ensino médico adequado às reais necessidades da população ocorre desde o século XIX. A transição do modelo hospitalocêntrico de ensino para um formato centrado no paciente e na Atenção Primária à Saúde precisa ocorrer não apenas nos currículos das escolas médicas, mas também na mudança de pensamento de todos envolvidos: docentes, discentes, coordenadores e gestores do SUS. O presente estudo buscou analisar a percepção de estudantes e preceptores de um curso de medicina da Zona da Mata Mineira sobre a aplicação das competências propostas pela Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais de 2014(DCN/2014), nas atividades práticas realizadas no cenário da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Foram aplicados questionários estruturados por meio do Google Forms, sendo os dados compilados para o programa Excel da Microsoft e analisados pelo programa SPSS.25. Após aplicação deste instrumento foram realizados três grupos focais com estudantes e um com preceptores. Os participantes dos grupos foram escolhidos aleatoriamente, de forma a representar cada período do curso e foi composto, cada um, por oito integrantes. Foi utilizada a Técnica de Bardin para organização dos dados dos grupos focais para sua posterior análise. Um total de 237 estudantes (71,6%) e 19 (70,4%) preceptores responderam ao questionário. Na percepção dos alunos e preceptores, as práticas na Atenção Primária à Saúde contribuem para o reconhecimento da determinação social do processo saúde-doença, para a compreensão da relevância do trabalho multiprofissional e interprofissional entre as equipes de saúde, preparam o estudante para trabalhar na Atenção Básica e permite que os atributos dos SUS sejam vivenciados durante o período de formação. No entanto, a permanência do estudante na atenção básica não contribuiu para promover a intenção dos estudantes da amostra em se especializar em Medicina de Família e Comunidade.
Funcionalidade de indivíduos pós-traumatismo cranioencefálico: um estudo de coorte
Authors: Silva Souza Marianny , Almeida de Brito Rozeane , Silva Matos Thais , Matos Lilian , Menezes Silva Bonfim Ester , Ramon Ferreira Belem Diego , Kássia Macêdo da Silva Bezerra Naiara , Alencar Lessa Eric
Published: August 2021

Introdução. O traumatismo cranioencefálico (TCE) é uma condição de saúde que representa uma das causas mais frequentes de morbimortalidade em todo o mundo e promove forte impacto social, além de afetar o desempenho funcional dos indivíduos, que ao necessitarem dos cuidados imediatos devem ser submetidos a uma avaliação neurológica, visando o traçado do prognóstico e, desta forma, a reabilitação devida. Objetivos. Traçar o perfil e o prognóstico de pacientes vítimas de TCE e avaliar a funcionalidade pós-lesão, durante o período de internamento hospitalar. Método. Trata-se de um estudo observacional, do tipo coorte prospectivo, onde foi realizada uma coleta de dados clínicos e epidemiológicos dos pacientes vítimas de TCE e avaliado o prognóstico e funcionalidade através de instrumentos validados. A análise   de   dados   foi   realizada   através   do programa SPSS, no qual foi utilizada a estatística descritiva e analítica.  Resultados. O perfil foi formado por jovens predominantemente do gênero masculino, em sua maioria eram trabalhadores rurais, tendo como causa do TCE os acidentes de trânsito que levou a graus leves a moderados de TCE em grande parte dos pacientes, com um resultado de um prognóstico pós-lesão de 13,5% de risco de mortalidade. Durante o internamento, foi comprovado uma evolução estatisticamente significante do nível de consciência e da funcionalidade. Conclusão. O conhecimento do perfil, prognóstico e desfecho funcional de pacientes pode auxiliar no manejo ideal do paciente e no suporte social, evitando assim futuros agravos e influenciando diretamente nos dias de internamento e nos custos para o sistema de saúde.
Biomarcadores clínicos de sintomas não motores na doença de Parkinson
Authors: Souza Robson Arruda , Vieira Ivan Victor Torres , Silva Jairo Pereira da
Published: August 2021

Introdução. A doença de Parkinson (DP) é o segundo distúrbio neurodegenerativo que mais afeta a população idosa acima de 60 anos.  Os sintomas não motores desempenham um papel fundamental na trajetória da doença, assim a identificação de biomarcadores periféricos e/ou centrais que sejam sensíveis, específicos e econômicos para o diagnóstico diferencial precoce, prognóstico e tratamento da DP são fundamentais para o manejo desses pacientes. Objetivo. Identificar e discutir as características dos principais de biomarcadores clínicos de sintomas não motores na DP. Método. Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica através das bases dados PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO, Science Direct. Os artigos foram selecionados segundo os critérios de inclusão: ensaios clínicos controlados randomizados, estudos quasi-experimentais e revisões sistemáticas que registraram a utilização de biomarcadores de sintomas não motores na DP. Resultados. A estratégia de busca utilizada resultou em 705 títulos, onde um total de 21 estudos foram incluídos para análise. Mais de 90% dos pacientes experimentam sintomas não motores durante o curso da DP. Os principais sintomas não motores relatados envolvem alterações do sistema sensorial, cognitivo e mudanças de personalidade. Conclusão. Os biomarcadores identificados neste estudo destacam o papel da identificação dos sintomas clínicos não motores no diagnóstico precoce da doença de Parkinson e o entendimento da etiologia para direcionar um manejo eficaz.
UTILIZAÇÃO DE ADUBAÇÃO ORGANOMINERAL NA CULTURA DA SOJA
Authors: Almeida Júnior Joaquim Júlio , Smiljanic Katya Bonfim Ataides , de Lima Netto Aristóteles Mesquita , Lima Lásara Isabella Oliveira , Pinto Leonardo Soares , Silva Reinaldo Ferreira , Veronez Ricardo Vilela de Sousa , Pires Delma Erks , Alves Robson Pereira , Dutra Janderson Martins , Santos Liny Junio Souza
Published: August 2021

O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar a eficiência de diferentes doses do fertilizante organomineral no plantio da soja em relação a recomendação da adubação mineral padrão na região e controle zero. O trabalho foi desenvolvido na área experimental do NÚCLEO DE PESQUISA EM FITOTECNIA - FELEOS/MINEIROS (GO.), no ano agrícola 2016/17. Os tratamentos constituíram na aplicação de fertilizantes minerais com a dose (300 kg ha-1), adubação organomineral com as doses:(150, 300, 450, 600, 750, 900, 1050, 1200, 1350 kg ha-1) e controle (zero kg ha-1). A adubação com organomineral proporcionou incremento na produção de soja, sendo a dose que melhor obteve resultado foi 750 kg ha-1, todas as outras doses da adubação organomineral foi superior ao fertilizante mineral com dose padrão da região 300 kg ha-1. A adubação organomineral é uma alternativa viável na produção agrícola na cultura da soja.
FERTILIZANTE AGROECOLOGICO EM DIFERENTES DOSES UTILIZADO NA CULTURA DO SORGO GRANÍFERO MSM 221, PLANTADO NA SAFRINHA DO SUDOESTE GOIANO
Authors: Almeida Júnior Joaquim Júlio , Smiljanic Katya Bonfim Ataides , de Lima Netto Aristóteles Mesquita , Lima Lásara Isabella Oliveira , Pinto Leonardo Soares , Silva Reinaldo Ferreira , Veronez Ricardo Vilela de Sousa , Pires Delma Erks , Alves Robson Pereira , Dutra Janderson Martins , Santos Liny Junio Souza
Published: August 2021

A cultura do sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) tem uma ampla diversidade em aspectos fisiológicos e produtivos, tendo características ideais para semeaduras em regiões de baixa precipitação ou segunda safra. O objetivo desse trabalho foi comparar a eficiência de diferentes doses do fertilizante organomineral na cultura do sorgo granífero, plantado na segunda safra. O estudo foi conduzido na área experimental do Núcleo de Ensino e Pesquisa em Fitotecnia na segunda safra agrícola 2017. A cultivar de sorgo utilizada para plantio de segunda safra foi MSM 221, com os seguintes tratamentos de fertilizante organomineral: T1 - Zero; T2 – 150Kg ha-1; T3 –300 Kg ha-1; T4 – 450 Kg ha-1; T5 – 600 Kg ha-1; T6 – 750 Kg ha-1; T7 – 900 Kg ha-1. Foi efetuado o levantamento das variáveis agronômicas como: altura de planta, população de planta, peso de mil grãos e produtividade em sacas por hectare. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados no esquema 7x1 com quatro repetições, os dados foram analisados pelo programa Assistat e submetidos à análise de variância, sendo as médias comparadas pelo teste t. Pode-se concluir que o fertilizante organomineral contribuiu com acréscimo na produtividade em sacas por hectare em todos os tratamentos em comparação a dose zero.
U.S. beach water quality monitoring
Authors: Hannnides Angelos , Elko Nicole , Roberts Briggs Tiffany , Kim Sung-Chan , Mercer Annie , Park Kyeong , Rosov Brad , Searcy Ryan , Walther Michael
Published: August 2021

Coastal water quality is an important factor influencing public health and the quality of our nation’s beaches. In recent years, poor water quality has resulted in increased numbers of beach closures and corresponding negative impacts on tourism. This paper addresses some of the issues surrounding the management challenge of coastal water quality, in particular, beach water quality monitoring. For this effort, data on beach water quality monitoring activities conducted by states were assessed and synthesized. In total, 29 states were surveyed: 16 reported information for seawater; six reported for freshwater only; eight reported for both seawater and freshwater. Thresholds for advisories and closure vary nationally; however, all 29 states have established an online presence for their monitoring programs and display advisories and closures in real time, most often on spatial information (GIS) portals. Challenges in monitoring, prediction, and communication are assessed and discussed. Based on this assessment, the committee offers the following recommendations, as detailed in the text:
• Standardization of water quality data and the distribution medium;
• Enhanced public access to water quality monitoring data;
• Consistent thresholds for swim advisories;
• Water quality regulation reviews with stakeholder participation; • Enhanced predictive models incorporating rapid testing results;
• Holistic water quality monitoring that includes indicators beyond fecal indicator bacteria;
• Managing contaminants of emerging concern through identification, monitoring and control; and
• Funding for water quality monitoring and reporting -- from federal, state, and local governments.
The failure of NSW coastal management reform
Authors: Gordon A.D.
Published: August 2021

In New South Wales (NSW), Australia, awareness of coastal erosion and shoreline recession had its genesis in the late 1920s when storms damaged houses at Collaroy one of Sydney’s northern beaches (Figure 1). At about the same time the Coogee “Fun” Pier, located on a southern Sydney beach and built between 1924 and 1928, was so damaged by wave attack that the remains had to be removed in 1934. Again in 1945 a new seawall at Cronulla, another southern Sydney beach, was damaged beyond repair and at the same time more houses were lost at Collaroy. This was followed in 1967, 1974, and 1978 by major erosion events that threatened both houses and high-rise buildings at Collaroy, resulted in the loss of houses at Bilgola, a northern Sydney beach and in 1978 the loss of houses at Wamberal, 46 km north of Sydney Harbour (Table 1). Unlike the United States of America (USA) where coastal management comes under both federal and state jurisdictions, in Australia it is the province of the governments of each of the states. The federal government does provide some aspirational guidance, but not significant legislative or financial support. There is also no equivalent to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to provide project delivery services. In Australia, the states devolve delivery down to local councils through Acts of Parliament and formal policies that can also have legislative force. However, the failure of the State of NSW to provide all the legislative tools necessary to effectively manage coastal matters at a local council level results in coastal management being abdicated rather than delegated by the state, particularly in relation to private development.
NOHELY F2018, NUEVA VARIEDAD DE TRIGO HARINERO PARA EL VALLE DE MEXICALI Y NORTE DE SONORA, MÉXICO
Authors: Alvarado-Padilla Jorge I. , Chávez-Villalba Gabriela , Govindan Velu , Camacho-Casas Miguel A. , Martínez-Cruz Eliel , Huerta-Espino Julio , Hortelano-Santa Rosa René , Borbón-Gracia Alberto , Villaseñor-Mir Héctor E. , Díaz-Ceniceros Huizar L. , Bargas-Rubalcava Yara N.
Published: August 2021

En México las principales regiones trigueras se ubican en el noroeste, donde durante el ciclo agrícola otoño-invierno (O-I) /2018-2019 se produjo más del 73 % del total nacional, y Baja California contribuyó con el 8.8 %, con cultivo bajo régimen de humedad de riego (SIAP, 2020). En esta entidad, el trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) es uno de los cultivos de mayor importancia; en promedio de los últimos cinco ciclos (2014-2015 a 2018-2019), se sembraron 74,561 ha, con un rendimiento promedio de 5.8 t ha-1 (SIAP, 2020).
Penyisihan Kadar Amoniak dalam Limbah Cair Industri Pupuk Menggunakan Sequencing Batch Reactor
Authors: Sudarman Robby , Budiastuti Herawati , Djenar Nancy Siti , Panggalo Efniarsi S. , Nurhasyim Ajie
Published: August 2021

ABSTRAK

 Sifat toksik nitrogen amoniak dalam limbah cair berbahaya bagi kehidupan sehingga perlu untuk dihilangkan. Pada penelitian ini penyisihan kadar amoniak yang tinggi dalam limbah cair industri pupuk dilakukan melalui proses nitrifikasi dan denitrifikasi menggunakan Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR). Dua reaktor SBR digunakan dimana pada reaktor pertama (R1) dilakukan pengadukan dan pada reaktor kedua (R2) dilakukan aerasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada pembebanan 0,787 mg amoniak/L/hari dan Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) 20 hari, efisiensi penyisihan kadar amoniak mampu dicapai pada kisaran 71,26%-90,91% (R1) dan 62,32% -92,21% (R2). Pengukuran pH pada HRT 20 hari berada pada rentang 8,25-8,65 pada R1 dan pH 8,34-8,73 pada R2. Pada HRT 15 hari, efisiensi penyisihan kadar amoniak efluen pada R1 menurun yaitu dari 90,89 % menjadi 86,81% dan pada R2 menurun dari 90,59% menjadi 40,99 %. Pada HRT 15 hari, efisiensi penyisihan kadar amoniak pada R1 lebih baik dibandingkan pada R2 yang disebabkan adanya penambahan aerasi pada R1 di akhir penelitian.

Kata kunci: amoniak, limbah cair, industri pupuk, sequencing batch reactor

 

ABSTRACT

 The toxic nature of ammonia nitrogen in liquid waste is dangerous for life, so it needs to be eliminated. In this study, the removal of high ammonia levels in the fertilizer industry wastewater was carried out through a process of nitrification and denitrification using the Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR). Two SBR reactors were used where the first reactor (R1) was stirred and the second reactor (R2) was aerated. The results showed that at a load of 0.787 mg of ammonia/L/day and 20 days of Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT), the efficiencies of removal of ammonia levels were achieved in the range of 71.26%-90.91% (R1) and 62.32%- 92.21% (R2). The pH measurements at 20 days of HRT were in the range of 8.25-8.65 at R1 and pH 8.34-8.73 at R2. At 15 days of HRT, the effluent ammonia level removal efficiency at R1 decreased from 90.89% to 86.81% and at R2 decreased from 90.59% to 40.99%. At 15 days of HRT, the efficiency of ammonia level removal at R1 was better than that in R2 due to the addition of aeration to R1 at the end of the study.

Keywords: ammonia, liquid waste, fertilizer industry, sequencing batch reactor