bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immune microenvironmental heterogeneity according to tumor DNA methylation phenotypes in microsatellite instability-high colorectal cancers
Authors: Kim Jung Ho , Hong Jiyun , Lee Ji Ae , Jung Minsun , Choi Eunwoo , Cho Nam-Yun , Kang Gyeong Hoon , Kim Sangwoo
Published: September 2024

The detailed association between tumor DNA methylation, including CpG island methylation, and tumor immunity is poorly understood. CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) is observed typically in sporadic colorectal cancers (CRCs) with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H). Here, we investigated the differential features of the tumor immune microenvironment according to CIMP status in MSI-H CRCs. CIMP-high (CIMP-H) or CIMP-low/negative (CIMP-L/0) status was determined using MethyLight assay in 133 MSI-H CRCs. All MSI-H CRCs were subjected to digital pathology-based quantification of CD3 + /CD8 + /CD4 + /FoxP3 + /CD68 + /CD204 + /CD177 + tumor-infiltrating immune cells using whole-slide immunohistochemistry. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunohistochemistry was evaluated using the tumor proportion score (TPS) and combined positive score (CPS). Representative cases were analyzed using whole-exome and RNA-sequencing. In 133 MSI-H CRCs, significantly higher densities of CD8 + tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were observed in CIMP-H tumors compared with CIMP-L/0 tumors. PD-L1 TPS and CPS in CIMP-H tumors were higher than in CIMP-L/0 tumors. Next-generation sequencing revealed that, compared with CIMP-L/0 tumors, CIMP-H tumors had higher fractions of CD8 + T cells/cytotoxic lymphocytes, higher cytolytic activity scores, and activated immune-mediated cell killing pathways. In contrast to CIMP-L/0 tumors, most CIMP-H tumors were identified as consensus molecular subtype 1, an immunogenic transcriptomic subtype of CRC. However, there were no differences in tumor mutational burden (TMB) between CIMP-H and CIMP-L/0 tumors in MSI-H CRCs. In conclusion, CIMP-H is associated with abundant cytotoxic CD8 + TILs and PD-L1 overexpression independent of TMB in MSI-H CRCs, suggesting that CIMP-H tumors represent a typical immune-hot subtype and are optimal candidates for immunotherapy in MSI-H tumors.
Assessment of stress level and depression among orthopaedic surgeons in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aljuhani Wazzan S. , Aljaafri Ziad A. , Alhadlaq Khalid H. , Alanazi Abdullah M. , Alhadlaq Abdulrahman K. , Alaqeel Meshal K.
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The aim of this study was to assess the stress level and depression among orthopaedic surgeons in Saudi Arabia. In addition, to evaluate orthopedic training programs related factors that might have a critical role in the development of depression among orthopaedic surgeons.

Methods

The study adopted a cross-sectional study design. Two validated questionnaires were utilized, the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) for assessing depressive symptoms and stress levels. Data was collected by sending the survey to the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties so they could be distributed throughout all registered orthopaedic surgeons.

Results

The study sample consisted of 325 participants. The results revealed that the severity of depression varied across the different groups. As per the PHQ-9 criteria, 74 (22.8%) were initially diagnosed with major depression. Among assistant consultants, 39.5% reported severe depression, while 34.9% reported mild depression. Consultants predominantly reported moderate perceived stress (82.9%) with a notable proportion experiencing high perceived stress (12.4%). Assistant consultants showed a balanced distribution, with 93.0% reporting moderate perceived stress and 4.7% reporting high perceived stress. Demographic variables gender, relationship status and having children revealed statistically significant relationship with PHQ-9 scores (p-value < 0.05) but not with PSS-10 scores.

Conclusion

The study highlights pressing need to address mental health concerns within orthopaedic surgeons. To address these challenges, healthcare institutions should implement comprehensive mental health support programs offering resources for stress management, counseling services, and peer support groups.
Competency in invasion science: addressing stagnation challenges by promoting innovation and creative thinking
Authors: Haubrock Phillip J. , Kurtul Irmak , Macêdo Rafael L. , Mammola Stefano , Franco Ana Clara S. , Soto Ismael
Published: September 2024

In today’s ever-evolving scientific landscape, invasion science faces a plethora of challenges, such as terminological inconsistency and the rapidly growing literature corpus with few or incomplete syntheses of knowledge, which may be perceived as a stagnation in scientific progress. We explore the concept of ‘competency’, which is extensively debated across disciplines such as psychology, philosophy, and linguistics. Traditionally, it is associated with attributes that enable superior performance and continuous ingenuity. We propose that the concept of competency can be applied to invasion science as the ability to creatively and critically engage with global challenges. For example, competency may help develop innovative strategies for understanding and managing the multifaceted, unprecedented challenges posed by the spread and impacts of non-native species, as well as identifying novel avenues of inquiry for management. Despite notable advancements and the exponential increase in scholarly publications, invasion science still encounters obstacles such as insufficient interdisciplinary collaboration paralleled by a lack of groundbreaking or actionable scientific advancements. To enhance competency in invasion science, a paradigm shift is needed. This shift entails fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, nurturing creative and critical thinking, and establishing a stable and supportive environment for early career researchers, thereby promoting the emergence of competency and innovation. Embracing perspectives from practitioners and decision makers, alongside diverse disciplines beyond traditional ecological frameworks, can further add novel insights and innovative methodologies into invasion science. Invasion science must also address the ethical implications of its practices and engage the public in awareness and education programs. Such initiatives can encourage a more holistic understanding of invasions, attracting and cultivating competent minds capable of thinking beyond conventional paradigms and contributing to the advancement of the field in a rapidly changing world.
Confidence bounds for compound Poisson process
Authors: Skarupski Marek , Wu Qinhao
Published: September 2024

The compound Poisson process (CPP) is a common mathematical model for describing many phenomena in medicine, reliability theory and risk theory. However, in the case of low-frequency phenomena, we are often unable to collect a sufficiently large database to conduct analysis. In this article, we focused on methods for determining confidence intervals for the rate of the CPP when the sample size is small. Based on the properties of process parameter estimators, we proposed a new method for constructing such intervals and compared it with other known approaches. In numerical simulations, we used synthetic data from several continuous and discrete distributions. The case of CPP, in which rewards came from exponential distribution, was discussed separately. The recommendation of how to use each method to have a more precise confidence interval is given. All simulations were performed in R version 4.2.1.
From melt- to crystal-rich magmatic systems during rift localization: Insights from mineral chemistry in Central Afar (Ethiopia)
Authors: Tortelli Gianmaria , Gioncada A. , Pagli C. , Braschi E. , Gebru E. F. , Keir D.
Published: September 2024

Magmatism plays a key role in accommodating and localizing extension during continental breakup. However, how the crustal magmatic systems evolve at the continental-ocean transition is poorly understood. We address these questions by studying the evolution of the magmatic system in the rift of Central Afar (Ethiopia), currently marking the transition from continental rifting to oceanic spreading. We focus on the voluminous and widespread Upper Stratoid Series (2.6–1.1 Ma) and the following Central Afar Gulf Series (1.1–0.6 Ma), the latter corresponding to localization of volcanism in narrow magmatic segments. We carried out the first systematic study of major and trace element mineral chemistry for these two Series and integrated it with geothermobarometry estimates and geochemical modeling, to reconstruct the evolution of the magmatic system architecture during rift localization. The Upper Stratoid magmas evolved by fractional crystallization in a melt-rich, moderately zoned, middle-lower crustal (10–18 km) magmatic system, from where they rose directly to the surface. Polybaric plagioclase convection and dissolution of a plagioclase-rich crystal mush is recorded in the phenocryst texture and chemistry. The Central Afar Gulf magmas evolved at similar depth in a more complex and dynamic storage system, with magma rising and mixing through multiple, relatively small, crystal-rich and interconnected reservoirs. Our study documents the transition during the continental breakup, from an overall stable and melt-rich magmatic system feeding the voluminous and homogeneous Upper Stratoid eruptions to a more dynamic, interconnected and crystal-rich situation feeding small-volume eruption while the rift localizes.
Endometrial carcinomas with ambiguous histology often harbor TP53 mutations
Authors: Davidson Ben , Teien Lande Karin , Nebdal Daniel , Nesbakken Anne Jorunn , Holth Arild , Lindemann Kristina , Zahl Eriksson Ane Gerda , Sørlie Therese
Published: September 2024

The objective of the present study was to characterize the molecular features of endometrial carcinomas with ambiguous histology. Eighteen carcinomas that could not be conclusively typed based on morphology and immunohistochemistry underwent analysis of mismatch repair (MMR) status, microsatellite status, and whole-exome sequencing. None of the tumors had pathogenic POLE mutation. Twelve tumors (67%) were microsatellite stable, and 6 (33%) had microsatellite instability. Fourteen tumors (78%) harbored TP53 mutations, and 2 (11%) had mutations in MMR genes. Eleven carcinomas (61%) were classified as copy number high and 7 (39%) as MSI-hypermutated, the latter including 3 tumors with TP53 mutation who concomitantly had MSI or mutation in a MMR gene. Other mutations that were found in > 1 tumor affected MUC16 (7 tumors), PIK3CA (6 tumors), PPP2R1A (6 tumors), ARID1A (5 tumors), PTEN (5 tumors), FAT1 (4 tumors), FAT4 (3 tumors), BRCA2 (2 tumors), ERBB2 (2 tumors), FBXW7 (2 tumors), MET (2 tumors), MTOR (2 tumors), JAK1 (2 tumors), and CSMD3 (2 tumors). At the last follow-up (median = 68.6 months), 8 patients had no evidence of disease, 1 patient was alive with disease, 8 patients were dead of disease, and 1 patient died of other cause. In conclusion, based on this series, the molecular landscape of endometrial carcinomas with ambiguous histology is dominated by TP53 mutations and the absence of POLE mutations, with heterogeneous molecular profile with respect to other genes. A high proportion of these tumors is clinically aggressive.
Explainable AI model for PDFMal detection based on gradient boosting model
Authors: Elattar Mona , Younes Ahmed , Gad Ibrahim , Elkabani Islam
Published: September 2024

Portable document formats (PDFs) are widely used for document exchange due to their widespread usage and versatility. However, PDFs are highly vulnerable to malware attacks, which pose significant security risks. Existing defense mechanisms often struggle to effectively detect and mitigate these threats, highlighting the need for more robust solutions. This paper introduces a robust framework that uses advanced tree-based ensemble models to detect malicious PDFs using the Evasive-PDFMal2022 dataset. The proposed model achieves a recall rate of 100%, an accuracy rate of 99.95%, and a fast inference time of 0.1723 s. Furthermore, the framework exhibits minimal false positive and false negative rates, ensuring a high level of precision in distinguishing between malicious and benign PDFs. Shapley additive explanations are used to improve the interpretability and reliability of the model’s predictions. The results highlight the effectiveness of the proposed model in improving PDF document security and addressing the challenges posed by malware attacks.
Mental health during the Covid-19 pandemic: An international comparison of gender-related home and work-related responsibilities, and social support
Authors: Eugene Dominique , Nöthling Jani , Tarsitani Lorenzo , Palantza Christina , Papola Davide , Barbui Corrado , Bryant Richard , Panter-Brick Catherine , Hall Brian J. , Lam Agnes Iok Fok , Huizink Anja C. , Fuhr Daniela , Purba Fredrick Dermawan , Mittendorfer-Rutz Ellenor , Andriani Dhini , van der Waerden Judith , Acartürk Ceren , Kurt Gülşah , Burchert Sebastian , Knaevelsrud Christine , Witteveen Anke B. , Patane Martina , Quero Soledad , Díaz-García Amanda , Morina Naser , Pinucci Irene , Sijbrandij Marit , Seedat Soraya
Published: September 2024

Purpose  

To assess gender differences in COVID-19 related changes in home and work responsibilities longitudinally, and determine whether these differences, together with other potential risk and protective factors, are associated with depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology.

Method

Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and PTSD were measured using an online survey instrument, between May 2020 and April 2021, in four waves completed at 3-monthly intervals. Analyses were based on data from the COvid MEntal healTh (COMET) survey which investigated the mental health effects of the COVID-19 outbreak spanning 13 countries on five continents in N = 7,909 participants.

Results

From the first to the last wave, women reported a greater increase in home and work responsibilities, and had higher depression, anxiety and PTSD scores compared to men. Women who reported a reduction in income due to the pandemic had higher depression scores. Working harder and experiencing a reduction in income were also associated with higher anxiety scores in women but not in men. Women were more likely to score above the cut-off for depression (32.5% vs 23.6%, p < .001), anxiety (21.2% vs 14.4%, p < .001) and PTSD (21.2% vs 14.4%, p < .001) than men during the first wave. Stronger reliance on socially supported coping mechanisms was a risk factor for depression, anxiety and PTSD in men and women.

Conclusion

Women were more likely to report mental health problems which may be related to the gender disproportionate increase in home and work responsibilities but not necessarily due to COVID-19 stressors.
Social Capital and Information Flow in Decision Making: A Social Network Analysis of Actors in a Road Expansion Project in Kristiansand, Norway
Authors: Alhassan Alhassan Yakubu
Published: September 2024

Information sharing is crucial for decision-makers to enhance their capacity and influence in local decision-making. However, the mechanisms of information flow among different actors in local decision-making for urban transport are not well understood. This paper utilises social capital theory and social network analysis to investigate how actors control and share information based on their position in the decision network. The position of individuals in the network is critical to understanding how they receive and share information, as well as their influence on the decision-making process. Data were collected from documents and interviews with 28 participants in the decision-making process for a road expansion project in Kristiansand Municipality, Norway. These data formed the basis for conducting a social network analysis (SNA) of two networks, focusing on meeting and information sharing among participants. The results reveal centralised networks around four main actors with the highest centralities—two planners and two politicians. The social connections and resources among those involved in the project expose imbalances and internal dynamics not solely attributed to the structure of the decision-making process. The findings have implications for local decision-making. Understanding the centralities of actors allows decision-makers to identify key influencers and opinion leaders. It is also helpful for comprehending communication and collaboration barriers among decision-makers and developing strategies to overcome these barriers.
Hydrodissection and femtosecond laser assisted surgery in posterior polar cataract
Authors: Assia Ehud I. , Nemet Arie Y.
Published: September 2024

Purpose

To present our clinical experience using femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) and cortical cleavage hydrodissection in eyes with posterior polar cataract.

Methods

Medical records of consecutive10 eyes of 6 patients with clinical diagnosis of posterior polar cataract (PPC), were retrospectively reviewed. All surgeries were done by using femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery. In all cases careful hydrodissection was done to separate the lens material from the posterior capsule.

Results

There were 3 males and 3 females, ages 39–73 years (average 52.5 years), two of them were implanted with toric lenses. In all eyes hydrodissection was successfully performed and the lens material was separated from the lens capsule. The posterior capsule remained intact during nucleus removal in all cases. In one eye the posterior capsule broke during cortical cleaning and the tear was converted to posterior capsulorhexis (PCCC). No postoperative complications were recorded during follow-up in all eyes.

Conclusions

Hydrodissection can be safely performed in combination (but not exclusively) with FLACS, in eyes with posterior polar cataract with no evidence of a preexisting posterior capsule rent. Hydrodissection is regarded by most surgeons as contraindicated in these eyes however apparently it is more gentile to the capsule than any other surgical maneuver and allows clean and efficient separation of the lens material from the thinned posterior capsule. Femtosecond laser capsulotomy and lens fragmentation is effective and may further assist surgery by pneumo-separation of the lens material. Anterior chamber maintainer may further aid to the stability of the chamber and safety of surgery.
Video Games, Violence Justification and Child-to-Parent Violence
Authors: Junco-Guerrero Miriam , Ruiz-Fernández Ana , Cantón-Cortés David
Published: September 2024

During the past decade, video games have become the main industrial entertainment sector, although research on the effects of violence in video games on juvenile aggressiveness has raised concerns that they may pose a significant social risk. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship of exposure to violent video games, pathological video-gaming, and justification of violence with the perpetration of Child-to-Parent Violence (CPV) against the mother and the father, controlling for the sex, educational level, and violent TV exposure of the participant. The sample consisted of 439 students from Compulsory Secondary Education, (238 boys and 201 girls), aged between 13 and 18. Exposure to video games was assessed through an author-elaborated questionnaire, violence justification, and pathological video-gaming were evaluated with the Exposure to Violence Questionnaire and the Assessment of Pathological Computer-Gaming, respectively, and CPV was assessed through the Child-to-Parent Aggression Questionnaire. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that pathological video-gaming and, specially, justification of violence, were related to the perpetration of CPV against both mothers and fathers. However, a relationship of exposure to violent video games and violence on TV with the perpetration of CPV was not found. These results suggest a potential new target for CPV prevention, as well as for the treatment of juvenile offenders.
Automatic Robot Hand-Eye Calibration Enabled by Learning-Based 3D Vision
Authors: Li Leihui , Yang Xingyu , Wang Riwei , Zhang Xuping
Published: September 2024

Hand-eye calibration, a fundamental task in vision-based robotic systems, is commonly equipped with collaborative robots, especially for robotic applications in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Most approaches to hand-eye calibration rely on external markers or human assistance. We proposed a novel methodology that addresses the hand-eye calibration problem using the robot base as a reference, eliminating the need for external calibration objects or human intervention. Using point clouds of the robot base, a transformation matrix from the coordinate frame of the camera to the robot base is established as “I=AXB.” To this end, we exploit learning-based 3D detection and registration algorithms to estimate the location and orientation of the robot base. The robustness and accuracy of the method are quantified by ground-truth-based evaluation, and the accuracy result is compared with other 3D vision-based calibration methods. To assess the feasibility of our methodology, we carried out experiments utilizing a low-cost structured light scanner across varying joint configurations and groups of experiments. The proposed hand-eye calibration method achieved a translation deviation of 0.930 mm and a rotation deviation of 0.265 degrees according to the experimental results. Additionally, the 3D reconstruction experiments demonstrated a rotation error of 0.994 degrees and a position error of 1.697 mm. Moreover, our method offers the potential to be completed in 1 second, which is the fastest compared to other 3D hand-eye calibration methods. We conduct indoor 3D reconstruction and robotic grasping experiments based on our hand-eye calibration method. Related code is released athttps://github.com/leihui6/LRBO.
Messaging Preferences about the COVID-19 Vaccine among Adults in Eastern North Carolina
Authors: Schwartz Abby J. , Richman Alice R. , Torres Essie
Published: September 2024

Racially and ethnically diverse populations and individuals residing in rural areas were disproportionally impacted by the coronavirus pandemic, and Eastern North Carolina (ENC) is one region where such impacts were apparent. To understand at-risk individuals’ perceptions and hesitancy to COVID-19 vaccines and the preferred means of receiving vaccination-related messages, we conducted four qualitative focus groups (N = 40) with diverse rural ENC residents. The analysis of the focus group transcripts revealed five themes: (1) reasons people trusted the COVID-19 vaccines, (2) reasons people mistrusted the COVID-19 vaccines, (3) the best means to deliver messages regarding COVID-19 vaccination, (4) the individuals trusted most to deliver such messages, and (5) the decisions people made regarding whether to get vaccinated and how that was connected to God. By incorporating participant perspectives and preferences in receiving messaging into campaigns, there is a potential for greater vaccine uptake.
Optimizing Medical Care during a Nerve Agent Mass Casualty Incident Using Computer Simulation
Authors: Ruben De Rouck , Benhassine Mehdi , Michel Debacker , Filip Van Utterbeeck , Erwin Dhondt , Ives Hubloue
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Chemical mass casualty incidents (MCIs) pose a substantial threat to public health and safety, with the capacity to overwhelm healthcare infrastructure and create societal disorder. Computer simulation systems are becoming an established mechanism to validate these plans due to their versatility, cost-effectiveness and lower susceptibility to ethical problems.

Methods

We created a computer simulation model of an urban subway sarin attack analogous to the 1995 Tokyo sarin incident. We created and combined evacuation, dispersion and victim models with the SIMEDIS computer simulator. We analyzed the effect of several possible approaches such as evacuation policy (‘Scoop and Run’ vs. ‘Stay and Play’), three strategies (on-site decontamination and stabilization, off-site decontamination and stabilization, and on-site stabilization with off-site decontamination), preliminary triage, victim distribution methods, transport supervision skill level, and the effect of search and rescue capacity.

Results

Only evacuation policy, strategy and preliminary triage show significant effects on mortality. The total average mortality ranges from 14.7 deaths in the combination of off-site decontamination and Scoop and Run policy with pretriage, to 24 in the combination of onsite decontamination with the Stay and Play and no pretriage.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that in a simulated urban chemical MCI, a Stay and Play approach with on-site decontamination will lead to worse outcomes than a Scoop and Run approach with hospital-based decontamination. Quick transport of victims in combination with on-site antidote administration has the potential to save the most lives, due to faster hospital arrival for definitive care.
A Retrospective Tribute to Dr. Harish Pant (1938–2023) and His Seminal Work on Cyclin Dependent Kinase 5
Authors: Hall Bradford , Amin Niranjana , Veeranna  , Hisanaga Shin-ichi , Kulkarni Ashok. B.
Published: September 2024

Dr. Harish Chandra Pant was Chief of the Section on Neuronal Cytoskeletal Protein Regulation within the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke at the NIH. A main focus of his group was understanding the mechanisms regulating neuronal cytoskeletal phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of neurofilaments can increase filament stability and confer resistance to proteolysis, but aberrant hyperphosphorylation of neurofilaments can be found in the neurofibrillary tangles that are seen with neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer disease (AD). Through his work, Harish would inevitably come across cyclin dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5), a key kinase that can phosphorylate neurofilaments at KSPXK motifs. Cdk5 differs from other Cdks in that its activity is mainly in post-mitotic neurons rather than being involved in the cell cycle in dividing cells. With continued interest in Cdk5, Harish and his group were instrumental in identifying important roles for this neuronal kinase in not only neuronal cytoskeleton phosphorylation but also in neuronal development, synaptogenesis, and neuronal survival. Here, we review the accomplishments of Harish in characterizing the functions of Cdk5 and its involvement in neuronal health and disease.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improve tolerance of wheat plants under soil Europium contamination
Authors: Alsherif Emad A. , Sonbol Hana , AbdElgawad Hamada , Ramadan Abeer , Korany Shereen Magdy , Crecchio Carmine , Ulhassan Zaid , Skalicky Milan , Yang Xinghong , Brestic Marian , Sheteiwy Mohamed S. , Chen Ji , Bouqellah Nahla Alsayd
Published: September 2024

Aim

The unregulated use of rare earth elements, such as Europium (Eu), may result in their build-up in soils. Here, we investigated how Eu affects wheat growth, photosynthesis, and redox homeostasis and how Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) may influence these processes.

Methods

The wheat plants were grown in soil with 1.09 mmol Eu3+/kg and/or AMF inoculation. The study is mainly based on a comprehensive examination of the detailed biochemical and metabolic mechanisms underlying the Eu stress mitigating impact of Eu by AMF in wheat plants.

Results

Soil contamination with Eu significantly induced a reduction in biomass accumulation and photosynthesis-related parameters, including photosynthetic rate (61%) and chlorophyll content (24.6%). On the other hand, AMF could counteract Eu’s induced growth and photosynthesis inhibition. Under Eu stress, AMF colonization significantly increased fresh and dry weights by 43% and 23.5%, respectively, compared to Eu treatment. AMF colonization also induced minerals (e.g., Ca, K, Zn, and N) uptake under control and Eu stress conditions. By bolstering the antioxidant defense mechanisms, such as ROS-scavenging metabolites (flavonoids and polyphenols), AMF mitigated Eu-induced oxidative damage. In terms of the primary metabolites, organic acids, essential amino acids, and unsaturated fatty acids were increased by AMF colonization, particularly under Eu stress conditions.

Conclusion

Applying AMF is a workable approach for reducing Eu toxicity in wheat plants.
The exactness of communication
Authors: Huvenes Torfinn Thomesen
Published: September 2024

According to a widely held view, successful communication does not require the speaker and the hearer to grasp the same proposition. The purpose of this paper is to present and discuss an argument for the thesis that an instance of communication is successful only if the speaker and the hearer grasp the same proposition. The argument is based on the idea that there is a connection between successful communication and agreement.
Tackling the Disproportionate Burden of Resistant Hypertension in US Black Adults
Authors: Reddy Tina K. , Nasser Samar A. , Pulapaka Anuhya V. , Gistand Constance M. , Ferdinand Keith C.
Published: September 2024

Purpose of Review

Elevated blood pressure is the leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the US. Older individuals, Black adults, and those with comorbidities such as chronic kidney disease, have higher levels of uncontrolled and resistant hypertension. This review focuses on resistant hypertension, specifically in the US Black population, including potential benefits and limitations of current and investigational agents to address the disparate toll.

Recent Findings

There is a necessity to implement public health measures, including early screening, detection, and evidence-based hypertension treatment with lifestyle, approved and investigational agents. The evidence highlights the importance of implementing feasible and cost-effective public health measures to advocate for early screening, detection, and appropriate treatment of hypertension.

A team-based approach involving physicians, advanced practice nurses, physician assistants, pharmacists, social workers, and clinic staff to implement proven approaches and the delivery of care within trusted community settings may mitigate existing disparities.
Impact of Visceral and Hepatic Fat on Cardiometabolic Health
Authors: Khawaja Tasveer , Nied Matthew , Wilgor Abigail , Neeland Ian J.
Published: September 2024

Purpose of Review

Body fat distribution plays a significant role in the cardiometabolic consequences of obesity. We review the impact of visceral and hepatic fat and highlight important interventions.

Recent Findings

Several epidemiologic studies have established a clear association between visceral fat and cardiovascular disease. The association between hepatic fat and cardiovascular disease is less clear with discordant results. Novel evidence demonstrates sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors facilitate modest weight loss and reductions in ectopic fat depots in patient with type 2 diabetes. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have been associated with decreased visceral/hepatic fat and reductions in MACE in populations with type 2 diabetes and with overweight/obesity.

Clear associations between visceral fat and cardiometabolic outcomes have been established, whereas the impact of hepatic fat remains less clear. Lifestyle modification and pharmacologic interventions remain the initial therapies, while surgical intervention is associated with improved long-term outcomes. Emerging therapies have demonstrated a profound impact on body fat distribution and cardiometabolic risk.
Lignans from Sambucus williamsii Protect Bone Via Microbiome
Authors: Xiao Hui-Hui , Mok Daniel Kam-Wah , Yao Xin-Sheng , Wong Man-Sau
Published: September 2024

Purpose of Review

Traditional Chinese Medicine has a unique system to diagnose and treat bone diseases with symptoms similar to those of osteoporosis. Sambucus williamsii Hance (SWH), a folk medicine in northern part of China for fractures healing and pain alleviation, has been demonstrated to exert bone anabolic effects in ovariectomized (OVX) rat and mice models in our previous studies. Lignans were identified to be the main bioactive fractions of SWH. However, pharmacokinetics study showed that the levels of lignan were too low to be detected in rat serum even upon taking 15 times of the effective dose of lignan-rich fraction from SWH. We hypothesize that lignans from SWH might exert its bone protective effect via the gut microbiome.

Recent Findings

Our study revealed that the lignan-rich fraction of SWH did not influence the diversity of gut microbiota in OVX rats, but significantly increased the abundance of a few phyla, in particular, the restoration of the abundance of several genera that was directly correlated with bone mineral density (BMD). In addition, a subsequent metabolomic study indicated that serotonin, a neurotransmitter synthesized in the intestine and influenced by gut microbiota, may be involved in mediating the bone protective action of the lignans. Gut-derived serotonin is thought to inhibit bone growth. Based on this finding, several inhibitors that suppressed the synthesis of serotonin were identified from the lignans of SWH.

Our studies suggested that microbiome is an indispensable factor for lignans derived from S. willimasii to exert bone beneficial effects.
User evaluation of a tiny house design through eye-tracking-integrated virtual reality: the role of sense of presence, visual behaviour and informative context
Authors: Berni Aurora , Ruiz-Pastor Laura , Borgianni Yuri
Published: September 2024

Virtual Reality is used in design for both supporting design reviews and interacting with products being designed. The interactions Virtual Reality enables are often found engaging and this might affect product evaluation, as experiencing a virtual environment can be the prevalent element of an experience. This paper investigated to what extent product evaluations are affected by the sense of presence enabled by Virtual Reality, the duration of interactions with the whole products and its features, and the product information provided after exposure to the virtual environment. These effects were tested through an experiment involving the virtual tour of a tiny house whose interior was extracted through 360° images, which represents an element of originality of the paper, followed by administering participants informative stimuli. All these phases were supported by eye-tracking, also thanks to the use equipment combining Virtual Reality and eye-tracking, hitherto poorly used in design research, in the first part of the experiment. Based on the experiment results, the effects studied were limited to the gazing of few design elements on some product evaluation dimensions. These findings suggest that Virtual Reality can provide a strong product perception irrespective of sense of presence and other phenomena taking place during product interaction. This is particularly stressed by the failure of informative stimuli to make experiment participants modify the initial evaluations made just after the virtual tour. Overall, the outcomes of this study encourage the use of Virtual Reality for design interaction tasks, especially in relation to environments and building interiors.
Risk and Influencing Factors for School Absenteeism among Students on the Autism Spectrum—A Systematic Review
Authors: Sasso Isabella , Sansour Teresa
Published: September 2024

School plays an important role in the development of a child. The impact of school absenteeism extends beyond academic achievement, affecting one's ability to participate in life successfully. In particular, children with difficulties in communication and interaction are at risk of developing school absences. This systematic review therefore focused on school absenteeism among children on the autism spectrum and examined the risk and influencing factors contributing to school absences. Eighteen studies were included, thirteen of which used a quantitative design, two of which were mixed-method studies, and three of which had a qualitative design. Different studies had varying definitions of school absenteeism and employed diverse study designs, prompting the need for a narrative synthesis. We evaluated the data regarding the factors of individual, parental, and school based on the KiTes bioecological systems framework for school attendance and absence by Melvin et al. (2019). We identified the majority of risks and influences in relation to the school factor and identified interacting factors contributing to school absenteeism in all factors. We recognised research gaps and provided guidance for further research.
On the Influencing Factors of Non-asphalt Originated Rutting in Flexible Pavements
Authors: Vámos Máté János , Szendefy János
Published: September 2024

Rutting can substantially impact pavement serviceability and driving safety. Since most of the permanent deformation develops in the unbound layers beneath the asphalt course, the focus should be on these layers. In this research, rut depths were calculated and analyzed using the high-cycle accumulation model, where the resilient response and cyclic strain amplitude were determined through finite element analysis. Consequently, settlement depression curves were described for various subgrades and cross-sections. It was observed that grain size distribution, particularly the uniformity coefficient, plays a decisive role in rutting depth. Analysis of the relationship between settlements and axle loads indicates that the calculated settlements demonstrate a linear increase relative to the axle load. For various axle loads, the number of axle passes required to induce an equivalent settlement to the standard axle was established. The possibility to reduce the depth of ruts by increasing the thickness of the subbase was also investigated. It was found that the predicted rutting is highly influenced by the particle shape (angular, rounded, or mixed material) of the subbase. It was found that the primary portion of permanent deformations occurs within the subgrade.
Plant-based index linked to fall risk in older Chinese adults: cross-sectional evidence from a national cohort
Authors: Yang Fuli , Jin Junguo , Liu Jieliang , Lu Xiaoqi , Jiang Huyi , Tan Huixin , Zhou Fenghua , Zeng Ping
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Epidemiology showed that the falling incidences increased with advanced age, and recent findings found link between nutritional intake and risk of falls. Nevertheless, the relationship between different plant-based diets and the risk of falls in older adults remains unclear. Our investigation aimed to evaluate the correlation between various plant-based diet indices and the occurrence of falls.

Design

This study is a cross-sectional and post-hoc analysis from a national cohort study.

Setting and participants

We included individuals over 65 years from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) recruited in 2018 with information on falls and dietary assessments, finally 11,044 participants were eligible.

Measurements

Using food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), we calculated plant-based index scores categorized as unhealthy plant-based index (uPDI) and healthy plant-based index (hPDI). The primary outcome was falls obtained from questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed utilizing logistic regression model to investigate the relationship between the plant-based diet indices and falls. We also used the subgroup analysis to investigate the interaction of falls and plant-based diet index (PDI) among different status and used the restricted cubic spline (RCS) curves to investigate the connection between the PDI scores and falls risk.

Results

Among 11,044 participants included in our study, a total of 2493 fall cases were observed. The logistic regression analysis revealed that the plant-based index related to falls. In the adjusted model, per 10-unit increment of hPDI has a significant decreased risk of falls (odd ratio [OR]: 0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.79–0.91, P for trend < 0.001) and per 10-unit increment in uPDI increased the risk of falls (OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.13–1.30, P for trend < 0.001). We also revealed an interaction between smoking status and falls among the uPDI group (Pinteraction = 0.012). Finally, we found that with plant-based index scores increased, the odds of falls among hPDI decreased (P for overall < 0.001, P nonlinear = 0.0239), and the odds of falls among uPDI increased (P for overall < 0.001, P nonlinear = 0.0332).

Conclusion and implications

We found significant association between the Plant-based diet index and the risk of falls, highlighting the key role of the consumption of nutritious plant-based foods on the risk of falls, which needed take into account in developing intervention and prevention strategies to decrease falls among older Chinese adults.
Theoretical and empirical models underlying the teaching use of LMS platforms in higher education: a systematic review
Authors: Mella-Norambuena Javier , Chiappe Andres , Badilla-Quintana Maria Graciela
Published: September 2024

The Learning Management Systems (LMS) have garnered attention in Higher Education due to their significant potential as a robust learning tool; however, their mere existence does not guarantee adoption and acceptance. The objective of this study was to analyze quantitative research on the intention and usage of LMS among university professors. The method employed was a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. Databases such as Scopus, WOS, EBSCOhost, and SciElo were explored from 2013 to 2023. The results indicated that (a) the most frequent objective was to determine factors influencing LMS usage, (b) the average number of participants was 239, (c) the highest productivity (61%) was observed in Asia, (d) the most common limitation about the sample, (e) the most frequently used theoretical model (69%) was the Technology Acceptance Model, (f) the models also included other variables grouped into personal, technological, social, and institutional factors; (g) The predictive power of the models on LMS usage intention was moderate, while for current LMS usage, it ranged from small to moderate; (h) measurements were self-reported; (i) ultimately, the majority measured only the intention of LMS usage (54%), 15% measured only the current usage of LMS, and 31% measured both. In conclusion, limitations, future research directions, and recommendations for the integration and consolidation of LMS usage by faculty are presented.
Modeling of calcium phosphate based on an LCD 3D printer using brushite and calcium hydroxide
Authors: Otsuka Yuta , Masuzaki Tomohiro , Nishimura Masahiro , Kono Hiroshi , Kikuchi Masafumi
Published: September 2024

There is demand for the development of highly functional and flexible bone fillers to treat bone defects. This research aimed to fabricate calcium phosphate implants with a flexible porous design and sufficient compressive stress using a three-dimensional 3D printer. A mixed slurry of dicalcium phosphate, calcium hydroxide, photopolymerized resin, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) was prepared using a planetary ball mill. The slurry was formed into a porous model using a stereolithography-type 3D printer. Upon sintering, the resin and PEG evaporated and/or combusted, yielding a β- tricalcium phosphate (TCP) molding with porosity. This study proposes a novel method for freely molding calcium phosphate implants.
Mortuary rituals and social change from the Neolithic to the Iron Age in Thailand
Authors: Higham C. F. W.
Published: September 2024

Disposal of the dead reflects decisions on many levels made by the living. Extensive area excavations in key sites located in Central and Northeast Thailand now present sufficient evidence for an assessment of social change over a period of ca. 3000 years, that began with late hunter-gatherers and continuing through the arrival of the first farming communities, their adoption of bronze metallurgy, to be succeeded by the Iron Age and its transition into early states. Throughout this ca 150 generational sequence, the men, women, infants and children were interred within settlements, usually in individual graves and associated with a range of mortuary offerings. These could be utilitarian, symbolic or exotica perceived as having intrinsic value. Dispersed, nucleated, and agglomerated burial patterns have all been identified, as well as graves within domestic houses. These patterns changed over time, but never indicated unidirectional progress towards increasing social complexity. By relating the pulses of change to the advent of new materials such as bronze and new climatic conditions, the evidence now suggests that the more nucleated the burials, the more likely they were to involve social aggrandizers. The most recent of these developed into the highly-ranked early states of Dvaravati and Chenla, where the aggrandizers were named and their actions recorded.
Fiber photometry in neuroscience research: principles, applications, and future directions
Authors: Kielbinski Michal , Bernacka Joanna
Published: September 2024

In recent years, fluorescent sensors are enjoying a surge of popularity in the field of neuroscience. Through the development of novel genetically encoded sensors as well as improved methods of detection and analysis, fluorescent sensing has risen as a new major technique in neuroscience alongside molecular, electrophysiological, and imaging methods, opening up new avenues for research. Combined with multiphoton microscopy and fiber photometry, these sensors offer unique advantages in terms of cellular specificity, access to multiple targets – from calcium dynamics to neurotransmitter release to intracellular processes – as well as high capability for in vivo interrogation of neurobiological mechanisms underpinning behavior. Here, we provide a brief overview of the method, present examples of its integration with other tools in recent studies ranging from cellular to systems neuroscience, and discuss some of its principles and limitations, with the aim of introducing new potential users to this rapidly developing and potent technique.
Study of Heat Wave Using High‐Resolution Real Time Meso‐Scale Analysis Over India
Authors: Sridevi Ch. , Routray Ashish , Ramarao M. V. S. , Dutta Suryakanti , Prasad K. B. R. R. Hari , Colón Edward , Gibbs Annette , Pondeca Manuel , Prasad V. S.
Published: September 2024

The applicability and accuracy of high‐resolution Real‐Time Meso‐scale Analysis (RTMA) system is assessed over India for the first time. The RTMA is a high‐spatial (2.5 km) and temporal resolution analysis system for near‐surface weather conditions. It is used to simulate near‐surface air temperature over India during the Heatwave (HW) period 12th to 20th April 2023. The verification analysis of temperature using the GLDAS gridded temperature shows reasonable improvement in the analysis from RTMA by capturing regional features compared to first‐guess. The spatial and temporal verification using the IMD station observations also confirms the value addition of RTMA in capturing the locations of recorded highest Tmax and their daily variations. The location‐specific heat stress analysis of RTMA shows high skill over many locations during HW days. Heat stress regions have been accurately brought out in the RTMA. Hence, the RTMA can be used for now‐casting and severe weather monitoring.