bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MARKETING MECHANISM IN THE SPHERE OF CUSTOMS SERVICES
Authors: Mishchenko Dmytro , Khurdei Viktoriia , Datsenko Viktoriia , Dronova Tetiana
Published: July 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the functioning of the marketing mechanism in the field of customs services. The definition of customs marketing as a management concept in market conditions is given. It is noted that the modern concept of customs services marketing is aimed at solving the problems of economic security and promoting trade through the use of customs tools at the level of international standards. The purpose of customs marketing is to increase the quality and competitiveness of customs administration, to ensure the prerequisites and optimal conditions for promoting international trade, to accelerate foreign trade turnover and to ensure the comfort of conducting foreign economic activities without reducing the effectiveness of customs control. It is emphasized that the marketing of customs services is a doctrine, a business philosophy, a tool for assessing the spheres of foreign economic activity, monitoring customs services and the activities of customs authorities, a technology for identifying requirements, demand and active promotion of customs services at the business and state level for the formation, search and service of meeting needs clients and participants in foreign economic activity. It has been proven that the ultimate goal of the functioning and development of the sphere of customs services is the effective coordination of all areas of activity of customs authorities with the requirements of the modern market. Practical solutions for the development of marketing in the customs sphere are offered. The main measures necessary for the further development of the marketing system in the customs sphere and ensuring the quality and high efficiency of customs services have been determined. Provisions have been formulated regarding the formation of an effective balanced customs system, ensuring its effectiveness and improving the quality of the range of services provided.
MANAGEMENT OF THE FINANCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT BODIES UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE STATE OF MARTIAL
Authors: Osypenko Svitlana
Published: July 2023

The purpose of the article is to determine the features managing the system financial support local self-government bodies under martial law and to find new ways to increase their financial capacity to solve tasks in new realities. The key changes in the norms of budget legislation regarding the management of the system financial support local self-government bodies introduced in the conditions of martial law were determined. It was established that legislative innovations to a certain extent contradict the principles of decentralization, but their adoption made it possible to stabilize the financial situation both at the state and local levels. The dynamics and structure of revenues and expenditures of local budgets in the period from 2018 to 2022 were analyzed, which made it possible to distinguish the peculiarities and characteristic features of the management of the system of financial support of local self-government bodies under martial law. It was determined that the increase in the share of tax revenues in the overall structure of local budgets in 2022 is due exclusively to the increase in revenues from the collection of personal income tax. As for other budget-forming taxes, their receipts had a negative increase. The peculiarities of the expenditure part of local budgets in the period from 2018 to 2022 have been determined. Further steps in the direction of strengthening the financial foundations of local authorities are proposed. It was established that in order to support the financial stability and financial independence of local budgets, the state should introduce a number of new mechanisms and tools for managing financial resources.
ACCOUNTING POLICY AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE ACTIVITIES OF ENTERPRISES IN WARTIME CONDITIONS
Authors: Godniuk Iryna , Shevchuk Nataliia
Published: July 2023

Practical management of the accounting process at Ukrainian enterprises requires the formation of their own accounting policy at each of them, which is the basis of the organization of the accounting process and the most important management tool. The article reveals the essence and procedure of development of accounting policies by domestic enterprises. It is proposed to define the accounting policy as a set of principles, methods, procedures, ways of organizing and maintaining accounting, compiling and submitting financial statements, which are chosen by the economic entity independently, taking into account the peculiarities of its activity over a long period and are reflected in the internal regulatory document of the enterprise. As a result of the research, the factors affecting the formation of accounting policy in the conditions of martial law and their reflection in accounting are summarized. New operations and new business risks were considered, which influenced the formation of the accounting policy, which in the conditions of martial law in most enterprises does not meet the requirements of the law and does not provide an opportunity to form a holistic view of the peculiarities of the accounting methodology and organization of a certain enterprise. Changes to the basic principles of the accounting policy and new components of the accounting policy are proposed, which may require changes in the conditions of martial law.

Based on the analysis of the practical aspect of the development of the accounting policy of enterprises in Ukraine the peculiarities of the disclosure of the tax policy of the enterprise are determined and the standards are given: the taxation system used by the enterprise; method of accounting of income and expenses in the organization's activities; the procedure for calculating the tax base for taxation.

Criteria for selecting and changing accounting policy, accounting approach to disclosure of information about changes in accounting policy, accounting estimates and correction of errors are established.
Effects of Caffeine mixed with Alpha Lipoic Acid in Preventing Streptozotocin-induced Diabetes in Rats: In Silico and In vivo Study
Authors: Abidin Khoirul Rista , Meliala Andreanyta , Sulistyo Rini Sri Lestari
Published: July 2023

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the combined effects of caffeine and Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA) on oxidative stress, due to chronic hyperglycemia, in a model of diabetic rats induced with streptozotocin (STZ) (in silico and in vivo approaches). Material and Methods: This In silico study investigated the interaction between caffeine and ALA against insulin receptors and enzymes of Glutathione Peroksidase-1 (GPx-1), with molecular docking. Male, Wistar rats were included using a quasi-experimental research design, with post-test only and a control group (in vivo). This study measured the end result of a 6-week-induction on body weight, fasting blood glucose, Malondialdehyde (MDA) and GPx-1 enzyme from 25 rats. Results: Molecular docking found the interactions of caffeine and GPx-1 consisting of an energy bond of -5,06 kcal/mol, hydrogen and hydrophobic bond. Additionally, it showed the interaction of ALA and GPx-1 containing an energy bond of -5.16 kcal/mol, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobicity. However, there were no significant difference in body weight, fasting blood glucose, MDA and GPx-1 levels of the ALA-caffeinated diabetic rats compared to diabetic rats.Conclusion: Caffeine and ALA have the potential to activate GPx-1 enzymes (in silico study). However, the use of a caffeine and ALA combination resulted in no significant difference in fasting blood glucose and oxidative stress conditions when compared to diabetic rats without additional induction (in vivo study).
TÜKETİCİLERİN TUTUM, LOKANTA TERCİHİ VE SATIN ALMA NİYETİ ÜZERİNDE ÇEVRİMİÇİ YORUMLARIN ETKİSİ
Authors: USTAAHMETOĞLU Erol , TOKLU İsmail Tamer
Published: July 2023

Çevrimiçi tüketici yorumlarının tüketici karar sürecindeki artan etkisiyle birlikte çevrimiçi yorumların etkinliğine yönelik değerlendirmeler dikkate değer hale gelmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı sadece olumlu tonda olan çevrimiçi yorumlara karşı hem olumlu hem de olumsuz yorumların bir arada olduğu yorum türünden hangisinin daha etkin olduğunun araştırılmasıdır. Yöntem: İki farklı türde hazırlanan çevrimiçi tüketici yorumlarına yönelik olarak; deneklerin kuşku, tutum, ikna edicilik, tercih ve satın alma niyetleri ölçülmüştür. Araştırmanın verileri kolayda örnekleme yöntemi ile araştırmaya katılan 156 denekten elde edilmiştir. Veriler bağımlı örneklem t testi ile analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, deneklerin sadece olumlu/olumsuz bir arada olan yorumlara karşı daha kuşku ile yaklaşmakta olduğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Olumlu çevrimiçi yorumlar daha inandırıcı bulunmuştur. Yorum yapılan lokantaya yönelik tutum, yorumların ikna ediciliğine karşı tutum, lokanta tercihi ve satın alma niyeti sadece olumlu yorumların yer aldığı senaryoda daha güçlü sonuçlar üretmiştir. Sadece olumlu tondaki yorumlar hem olumlu hem de olumsuz yorumların bir arada yer aldığı çevrimiçi yorumlar karşısında daha olumlu tutum, tercih ve satın alma niyeti bulunmuştur. Bu çalışma, çevrimiçi yorumlarına yönelik tüketici tepkilerini sadece olumlu yorumların olduğu durum ile olumlu/olumsuz yorumların birlikte yer aldığı durumu karşılaştıran, mevcut bulguları genişleten, bir araştırmadır. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, uygulayıcılar için, çevrimiçi mağaza yorumları üzerinde tekrar düşünmelerini gerektirmektedir. İlave olarak, çevrimiçi tüketici yorumlarından etkilenen uygulayıcıların stratejilerini geliştirmesine yardımcı olabilir.
İYİ YÖNETİM İLKELERİ KAPSAMINDA TÜRKİYE OMBUDSMANLIK KARARLARININ İÇERİK ANALİZİ
Authors: UYSAL Şener
Published: July 2023

Türkiye’de kamu personeli rejimi kapsamındaki 2016-2022 yılları arası 724 adet Ombudsmanlık kararı iyi yönetim ilkeleri bakımından içerik analizine tabii tutulmuştur. Ombudsmanlık başvurularının %47’si Sağlık Bakanlığı, Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı ve Üniversite Rektörlükleri eylem ve işlemlerine yöneliktir. Başvuru konusuna göre müracaatların %67’si atama, görevlendirme ve kadro talepleri ile mali hakların ödenmesine ilişkindir. İncelenen 724 kararda iyi yönetim ilkelerine uyumsuzluk sayısı 922'dir ve %43,6’sı Sağlık Bakanlığı, Üniversite Rektörlükleri ile Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı İdarelerine aittir. İdarelerin, ‘karara karşı başvuru yollarının gösterilmesi, kanunlara uygunluk, nezaket, şeffaflık, haklı beklentiye uygunluk, kazanılmış hakların korunması, bilgi edinme hakkı’ iyi yönetim ilkelerine uyum düzeylerinde anlamlı farklılıklar olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ombudsmanlık raporlarında iyi yönetim ilkelerinin tümüyle ele alındığı, ayrıntılı incelendiği söylenemez. Ombudsmanlık kararlarında ‘Hukuka, Hakkaniyete ve İnsan Haklarına Uygunluk Yönünden Değerlendirme’ bölümünde tespit edilen uyumsuzlukların ‘İyi Yönetim İlkeleri Yönünden Değerlendirme’ bölümünde de iyi yönetim ilkeleri açısından ele alınmasında yarar görülmektedir.
ESNEK ÇALIŞMA UYGULAMALARI İŞTE VAR OLAMAMAYI ETKİLER Mİ? KAMU ÇALIŞANLARI ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: CEBECİ Eren , BOZKURT Öznur
Published: July 2023

Çalışanların iş yerinde ve işin başında olmasına rağmen tam olarak iş performans gösteremediği bir durumu ifade eden işte var olamama, hem işverenler için hem de çalışanlar için önemli bir sorun teşkil etmektedir. Genel bir verim kaybına neden olan işte var olamamanın önlenmesi için yapılabileceklerden biri olarak esnek çalışma uygulamaları bu çalışmada ele alınmıştır. Özellikle Covid-19 salgınında yaygınlaşan esnek çalışma modelleri kamuda da uygulanmıştır. Bu çalışma kamu çalışanlarının işte var olmama durumlarını, esnek çalışmaya yönelik algılarını ve bu ikisi arasındaki ilişkileri araştırmak amacı ile yapılmıştır. Esnek çalışma uygulamalarının işte var olmama üzerinde negatif bir etki oluşturacağı varsayımı ile çalışma yürütülmüştür. Bu kapsamda bir kamu kurumunun merkez ve taşra teşkilatlarında görev yapan 33 bin kişilik evrenden kolayda örnekleme yöntemi ile 385 kişilik örneklem oluşturulmuştur. Anket tekniği ile toplanan birincil veriler SPSS programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda örneklem içinde yer alan kamu çalışanlarının kurumlarındaki esnek çalışma uygulamalarını yetersiz buldukları, işte var olmama sorunu yaşadıkları ve esnek çalışma uygulamalarının işte var olamama sorununu azaltıcı etkisinin olduğunu düşündükleri görülmüştür.
GELİŞMEKTE OLAN ÜLKELERDE DIŞ TİCARET, İŞSİZLİK VE ENFLASYONUN EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ
Authors: KAPÇAK Servet , ÖZDEMİR İzzettin
Published: July 2023

Belli bir dönemde üretilen mal ve hizmetlerin toplam parasal değerini ifade eden ekonomik büyüme, uzun soluklu bir süreçten sonra oluşmaktadır. Devletler her zaman istikrarlı bir büyüme arzu etmektedirler. Ekonomik büyüme toplumların refahını ne oranda arttığını ve üretim kapasitesini göstermektedir. İstikrarlı bir büyüme istenildiği gibi dış ticaret fazlası, düşük enflasyon ve işsizlik gibi faktörlerinde olması beklenilmektedir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye ile birlikte gelişmekte olan ülkeler dikkate alınarak 2000-2021 dönemi için dış ticaret, işsizlik ve enflasyonun ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisi Panel veri yöntemi ile araştırılmaktadır. Elde edilen ampirik bulgulara göre; Dış ticaret Türkiye ve Güney Afrika’da ekonomik büyümeyi pozitif, Çin, Malezya ve Tayland’da etkilemektedir. Brezilya, Rusya ve Kolombiya’da ise istatistiksel olarak anlamsız tespit edilmiştir. Enflasyon Çin’de ekonomik büyümeyi pozitif, Türkiye, Rusya, Hindistan Güney Afrika, Tayland ve Kolombiya’da negatif etkilemektedir. Malezya’da ise istatistiksel olarak anlamsız bulunmuştur. İşsizlik oranı ise Rusya’da ekonomik büyümeyi pozitif, Çin, Brezilya ve Güney Afrika’da negatif etkilemektedir. Türkiye, Malezya, Tayland ve Kolombiya’da istatistiksel olarak anlamsız tespit edilmiştir.
FAİZ ORANI TÜREVLERİNİN BELİRLEYİCİLERİ: MEVDUAT BANKALARI İLE KALKINMA VE YATIRIM BANKALARI ÜZERİNE BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: PALA Yusuf
Published: July 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren mevduat bankaları ile kalkınma ve yatırım bankalarının faiz oranı türevi kullanımlarına etki eden faktörleri belirlemektir. 2014 – 2021 yılları arasında sürekli faaliyet gösteren 25 mevduat bankası ve 11 kalkınma ve yatırım bankası için oluşturulan modeller ile analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analizlerde panel tobit regresyon yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bankaların faiz oranı türev kullanımlarına etki eden faktörler ise bankaların konsolide olmayan mali tablolarından elde edilmiştir. Bağımsız değişkenlerin seçiminde literatürdeki çalışmalardan yararlanılmıştır. Analiz kapsamında, finansal sıkıntı hipotezi, sermaye düzenlemeleri ile ahlaki tehlike hipotezi ve riskten korunma hipotezinin geçerliliği test edilmiştir. Bunlara ek olarak bankaların karakteristik özellikleri ile faiz oranı türev kullanımları arasındaki ilişki araştırılmıştır. Çalışma bulgularına göre mevduat bankalarının faiz oranı türev kullanımları; banka sermayesinden, takipteki kredi oranından pozitif yönde, likit varlıklardan ise negatif yönde etkilenmektedir. Büyük mevduat bankalarının küçük mevduat bankalarına göre faiz oranı türevlerini spekülatif amaçlı olarak daha fazla kullandığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Kalkınma ve yatırım bankalarının faiz oranı türev faaliyetlerini riskten korunma güdüsüyle gerçekleştirdiği ve bu bankalarda banka büyüklüğünün faiz oranı türev faaliyetleri için etkin bir belirleyici olduğu yönünde kanıtlar elde edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte kalkınma ve yatırım bankalarında kamu sahipliği ile faiz oranı türev kullanımları arasındaki negatif ilişki dikkat çekicidir. Devlet sahipliğindeki kalkınma ve yatırım bankalarının riskten korunma eğilimlerinin daha düşük olması ahlaki tehlike sorununa işaret etmektedir.
Muscle Ultrasound in Clinical Neurology: Diagnostic Uses and Guidance of Botulinum Toxin Injection
Authors: Walter Uwe
Published: July 2023

Muscle ultrasound (MUS) is increasingly used by neurologists, neuropediatricians, neurosurgeons, specialized radiologists and anaesthesiologists for the imaging-supported diagnosis of neuromuscular disorders. Especially, MUS is highly sensitive in detecting fasciculations in motor neuron diseases, and in revealing intensive care unit acquired weakness. Hereditary and inflammatory myopathies are associated with distinct patters of echo-intensity changes of affected muscles. Moreover, MUS can be used for guiding needle biopsy of muscle lesions, and for targeting intramuscular botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injection in neurological disorders with muscle hyperactivity. MUS-guidance of BoNT injection is especially recommendable in complex cervical dystonia, in task-related hand dystonia (writer’s cramp, musician dystonia), and in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. Modern ultrasound technologies such as sono-elastography, tissue Doppler, and high-definition microvasculature imaging allow for novel diagnostic and therapeutic uses. Recently, an international expert group reported consensus guidelines for neuromuscular ultrasound training. The present review provides a concise overview of well-established diagnostic and therapeutic applications of MUS in clinical neurology, with specific focus at MUS for targeting intramuscular BoNT injections.
Diagnosis and Management of Two Cases of Diabetic Muscle Ischemia
Authors: Lee Seolah , Yeom Seunghan , Kang SengMuk , Jeong Chanhee , Yang Boyeon , Kwon Hyung-Min
Published: July 2023

Diabetic muscle ischemia (DMI) is a rare complication of diabetes mellitus that presents as excruciating leg pain. Owing to its rare occurrence, DMI is seldom recognized. Here, we present two cases of DMI with a view to promote prompt diagnosis, thereby avoiding the need for patients to undergo unnecessary examinations.
The Impact of Employer Branding on Commitment to Bank Employees
Authors: Ashariana Ashariana
Published: July 2023

This study aims to examine the relationship between employer branding and organizational commitment to BNI employees in Makassar as many as 100 people using the correlation analysis method. This study found that there was a positive and significant effect of Employer branding on employees' organizational commitment. Employer branding has the greatest influence on affective commitment, amounting to 0.546, then normative commitment of 0.521, then continuous commitment of 0.403. This finding shows that employer branding gives an image to the organization as the best place to work, therefore companies must provide a package of functional, economic, social and psychological benefits by attracting and retaining the best talent of the company. Likewise, employer branding in the banking sector, especially BNI, must continue to be improved so that employee commitment can be maintained. Employees will feel at home and stay with the company because they feel they benefit from the company's various offerings
The Influence of Online Promotion, Service Quality, and Price on The Sustainability of Culinary Msmes In Parepare City After The Covid-19 Pandemic In The Perspective of Maslahah
Authors: Fitriani Fitriani , Nurhayati St. , Muhammadun Muzdalifah , Semaun Syahriah , Bahri S Andi
Published: July 2023

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of online promotion, service quality, and price on the sustainability of culinary MSMEs in the city of Parepare after the COVID-19 pandemic in the perspective of the community.  This type of research is a mixed method. The approach used is a descriptive and associative approach. The research was conducted in Parepare City to MSME actors. Data collection techniques and instruments were carried out through the distribution of questionnaires to 50 samples. The methods used to test the hypothesis are by using pearson product moment correlation analysis techniques, multiple linear regression, f test, coefficient of determination (R2) and interview.  The results showed; 1) Online promotion (X1) is very good, evidenced by respondents' answer scores of 88% in the category of 84.01% - 100% with a very good classification. 2) Service quality (X2) is good, evidenced by respondents' answer scores of 83% in the category of 68.01% - 84.00% with a good classification. 3) The price adjustment (X3) is very good, evidenced by the respondent's answer score of 85% in the category of 84.01% - 100% with a very good classification. 4) Sustainability (Y) is very good, evidenced by respondents' answer scores of 85% in the category of 84.01% - 100% with a very good classification. 5) There is no relationship between online promotion (X1) and weak significance to the sustainability variable (Y), evidenced by significance values of 0.088 > 0.05, so there is no correlation. 6) There is no relationship between service quality (X2) and weak significance to the sustainability variable (Y), evidenced by a significance value of 0.122 > 0.05, so there is no correlation. 7) There is no relationship between price (X3) and weak significance to the variable sustainability (Y) as evidenced by a significance value of 0.129> 0.05. 8) Online promotion (X1), service quality (X2), and pricing (X3) have no partial effect on sustainability (Y), as evidenced by their respective significance values of 0.140, 0.229, 0.211 > 0.05, concluded to have no effect. 9) Online promotion (X1), service quality (X2), and price (X3) simultaneously have no significant effect on sustainability (Y), evidenced by a sig of 0.097> 0.05 or a calculated F value of 2.234 < Ftable 2.81 is concluded to have no effect. (10) The most dominant variable for sustainability (Y) is online  promotion (X1) with  an unstandardized coefficients value  of 0.244.( 11) MSME actors in Parepare City maintain the sustainability of their business by implementing good strategies in accordance with the principles of Hajiyyah benefit.
The Effect of Non-Performing Financing of Mudharabah and Murabahah Financing on Profitability of Islamic Banking
Authors: Maulana A Andi Bintang , Anwar Anwar , Budianty Hety
Published: July 2023

Sharia Bank is a business entity that collects funds from the public in the form of deposits and distributes them to the community in order to improve the standard of living of many people.  This study aims to determine the effect of Non-Performing Financing (NPF) of Mudharabah financing and  Murabahah financing on Sharia Banking Profitability.  This research is a quantitative research type. This research data is taken from the annual report of Islamic banking and the Financial Services Authority (OJK). The research variables include the independent variable is NPF Mudharabah financing and NPF Murabahah financing and the dependent variable is Profitability. The number of samples in this study, which is 60, is an annual report from 10 Islamic Banking during 2015-2020. The analysis technique used is multiple Linear Regression. The results showed that based on  the partial  test of Non Performing Financing (NPF), mudharabah  financing has a negative and partially significant influence on Profitability in Islamic Banking and Non Performing Financing (NPF) murabahah  financing has a negative and significant influence on Profitability in Islamic Banking.   and based  on  simultaneous tests  show that Non-Performing Financing (NPF)  mudharabah  financing and Non Performing Financing    (NPF) murabahah financing together have  a negative and significant effect   on profitability The dominant variable simultaneously affects the level  Profitability in Islamic Banking is NPF murabahah financing.
Yazdgard I and the Lakhmids
Authors: Mishin Dmitry Y.
Published: July 2023

In the sources based upon Iranian stories going back to Sasanid times King Yazdgard I (400–420) appears as a tyrant who cruelly persecuted the aristocracy. This image rather reflects the aristocracy’s perception of Yazdgard’s policy. Yazdgard became king after a harsh struggle for power, with the support of a part of the aristocracy. Later on, a struggle for actual power began between Yazdgard and the aristocracy. On gradually gaining strength, Yazdgard took the upper hand over the aristocracy and attempted to compel it to serve the royal power, but he never tried to destroy it. The aristocracy, including the influential families of Surens and Mihrans, was hostile to Yazdgard but did not go into a confrontation with him. Yazdgard relied on individuals from different groups of aristocracy, in particular, the Lakhmids, rulers of al-Hira and vassals of the Sasanids. The Lakhmids were entrusted with the fostering of prince Varahran, son of Yazdgard and future king Varahran V Gor (421–440). In some sources not al-Numаn I (402–431), then the ruler of al-Hira, but his son al-Mundhir appears as Varahrans tutor. However, a comparative study of the evidence with due regard for the historical context suggest that in 402 Yazdgard appointed al-Numаn the ruler of al-Hira and simultaneously ordered him to foster Varahran. This explains why it is stated in some accounts that Yazdgard, while appointing al-Mundhir (actually, al-Numаn I) as the princes tutor, bestowed the title of the king of the Arabs, i.e., king of al-Hira, on him.
The Poetics of Duality in the Works of Sadegh Hedayat
Authors: Sadeghi Sahlabad Zeinab
Published: July 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the semantic spectrum of duality in the works of S. Hedayat. The intertextual links between works of S. Hedayat, N. Gogol and F. Dostoevsky are considered.It is noted that F. Dostoyevsky’s novel “The Double” and the story of S. Hedayat “The Blind Owl” brings together the image of the protagonist – a man of the “underground” seeking to isolation from the hostile environment. The psychological complex of the underground acquires in the creative manner of S. Hedayat both behavioral and topological certainty, being realized in the image of the tomb room. The author considers the meanings of duality in the context of madness, going back to the story of N. Gogol “Notes of a madman”. The works of Russian classics are correlated in the article with the Iranian folklore heritage. It is noted that the imagery of “The Blind Owl” is organized in the logic of the twin myth. Zoroastrian model of the world order is manifested in the artistic interpretation of the Sizdah be dar holiday. In the two-part composition of the story the holiday formalizes the semantic constants of demonism and love. In the mythological context of the story “The Blind Owl” duality is realized as a confrontation of good and evil.Hedayat’s poetics of duality combines folklore and literary traditions, so that the phenomenon of the double is framed in an ontological scale. Hedayat’s poetic synthesis is understood as a pioneering work that defined the subsequent development of Iranian prose.
Ancient Egyptian Painted Textile from the collection of R. de Rustafjaell
Authors: Anokhina Evgeniia
Published: July 2023

The paper represents the first detailed publication of the Ancient Egyptian painted textile of the New Kingdom from the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow (I,1а 6113). Formerly it belonged to the R. de Rustafjaell Collection. The purpose of the paper is to introduce a museum object, which was previously known only from a brief description and an early 20th-century black-and-white photograph, into scholarly discourse. The textile belongs to a group of painted cloths (about 30 in total) of the late 18th and early 19th Dynasty (14–13 centuries B.C.). They all have scenes of worship of the goddess Hathor. These cloths were brought as votive offerings to Hathor into her shrine in Deir el-Bahri. On the Pushkin Museum textile, the goddess is depicted as a sacred cow. Seven donators face her: three men and four women. These persons were most likely the members of a single family (parents and their children). Technological analysis shows that the painted textiles from Deir el-Bahri were both of professional and domestic production. The rather low quality of the threads as well as poor workmanship (the tension of the warp and weft threads was poorly regulated, the end of the right edge was not even, the density of the cloth was not uniform, there were other weaving errors as well) suggest that the manufacture of the Pushkin Museum textile was not the work of a professional weaver. The painting, on the other hand, was obviously done in a workshop by professional artists.
Parallel Economies in Syria: A New Interpretation of the Notion
Authors: Matveev Igor
Published: July 2023

The war of sanctions initiated by the West against Russia has highlighted importance of concepts related to parallel economic processes which includes an imperative of broadening definition of the parallel economy beyond “shadow economy” and “local economy” approaches. The 11-yearlong Syrian conflict constitutes an example of genesis of parallel economies as products of warfare, foreign interventions, and terrorist assaults by the “Islamic State of Iraq and Syria” (ISIS). Those economies encompass the “ISIS caliphate,” “Autonomous Administration of Northern and Eastern Syria,” “Syrian Interim Government,” and “Syrian Salvation Government” – all non-controlled by the Syrian authorities [Matveev, 2022, p. 108]. Their features imply unequal economic potential along with high dependence on neighboring Turkey and Iraq. Reviewing siege economies and divided cities emerging on the Syrian soil together with comparative analysis of Syria and other Arab countries enables us to define conditions required for the genesis of a parallel economy. Among them deeply divided societies and/or armed conflicts on vast territories with deep fragmentation or in geographically isolated regions coinciding with large-scale foreign interventions, original diversification of income, and capabilities for foreign trade. In conclusion, the author defines the parallel economy as a system of economic relations grown within a state in coexistence with its official economy characterized by generating income, administrating economic affairs, and conducting foreign trade independently from the center. The Syrian experience of overcoming sanctions could become valuable for Russia which, in turn, using her political-military presence could assist in economic reunification of this country on the way to restoration of its territorial integrity.
Demographic Aspects of Syria's Socio-economic Recovery
Authors: Byasharova Adilya R.
Published: July 2023

The demographic aspects of countries and regions today is an important factor in their not only social, but also economic development and position in the world. Demographic trends are especially important for a state in whose territory, as in the Syrian People's Republic (SAR), a military conflict continues, largely related to external intervention. Until 2011, i.e. before the outbreak of the military conflict, Syria remained one of the most economically developed countries in the West Asia region. But the result of the military conflict was numerous and serious demographic and socio-economic losses. Therefore, the author substantiates the point of view that among the most important tasks of the state remains the speedy restoration of not only the socio-economic sphere, but also positive demographic processes.
The purpose of the article is to analyze the demographic situation in Syria in the XXI century, to identify the factors that influenced its formation and new trends and processes, their interrelation and interdependence.
The research was carried out on the basis of statistical data provided by international organizations, primarily UNCTAD, for the period from 2000 to 2021, as well as on the basis of the analysis of available domestic and foreign scientific literature on the subject under consideration.
The study showed that along with the growth of the share of the population of the SAR in regional indicators, the country retains significant specifics. The author notes, first of all, the preservation of relatively high birth rates of the population, a relatively low level of urbanization.
Migrant crisis in the East Africa region
Authors: Gorokhov Stanislav
Published: July 2023

The article examines the policy of Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan, South Sudan, Uganda and Eritrea in the context of the possibility of a coordinated response to the challenges of migrant crises. Large-scale and stable migration ties have developed between the countries that form the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) in East Africa, and common principles of migration policy are being implemented, which indicates the formation of a unified migration system. The movement of migrants within the framework of the latter occurs along four major international routes: Horn of Africa route (between Ethiopia, Somalia, Eritrea and neighboring countries of East Africa); Eastern route (from the countries of East Africa through Djibouti, Somalia and Yemen – mainly to the oil-producing countries of the Arabian Peninsula); Southern route (through Kenya, Uganda to South Africa); Northern route (through the countries of North Africa – to Italy and Spain; another branch runs through Egypt, Israel, the Arab countries of Asia and Turkey). The main weak point of the overall policy of the IGAD countries is that not all countries in the region have ratified the full set of intra-African agreements in the field of migration. It has been established that the migration crisis in the East Africa surpasses the European one in its scale and impact on the countries of the region and can lead to negative consequences on a global scale if the world community does not use the available resources – political and financial – to solve the whole range of problems that caused the crisis.
Development of bilingual education in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China at the present stage
Authors: Buyarov Dmitry V.
Published: July 2023

The article examines the features of the system of bilingual education of national minorities in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The specificity of the SUAR lies in the polyethnic and polylinguistic composition of the population. Uighurs and Han Chinese predominate, having socio-economic, religious, cultural, and linguistic differences. It is more difficult for the indigenous Turkic-speaking population to adapt to the modern socio-economic situation, the insufficiently educated population becomes the basis for the development of nationalist and extremist sentiments. The Government notes the relationship between terrorist activity and the educational backwardness of the local Uighur population, which leads to increased efforts to develop bilingual education as a counter-terrorism measure. The 2009 ethnic riots in Xinjiang and the change of leadership in China have strengthened the state's approach to promoting bilingual education. The policy of universalizing Putonghua in Xinjiang schools leads to a rejection reaction among national minorities. Bilingual education is the strategy of the plan for the socio-economic development of the autonomous region by providing Uighurs with language and educational skills to realize opportunities. Bilingual education is carried out at all levels of education: kindergartens, schools, universities. Bilingual education is becoming the main one and is designed to ensure a high degree of socialization of young people from national minorities. Bilingual education leads to ambiguous consequences: It contributes to the socio-economic development of the Turkic-speaking population, but causes discontent among the indigenous population, who perceive it as a violation of nationalculture and customs.
Role of Educational Centers in the Formation and Development of the Transnational Shi‘ite Movement
Authors: Panomarenko Lyudmila
Published: July 2023

The article is devoted to identifying the influence of Shi‘ite educational centers located in Iraq and Iran on the formation of transnational Shi’ite movements in conditions when Iran is faced with accusations of trying to create a “Shi‘ite Crescent” or to consolidate Shi‘ite communities living across the Middle East. Educational centers play a decisive role in shaping the political outlook of ordinary Shi‘ites, since it is in the course of training that Shi‘ites fall under the ideological influence of one or another religious authority – marja‘ al-taqlid. Subsequently, upon returning to their homeland, Shi‘ites who are actively involved in political activities continue to promote the views instilled in them by their teacher at the educational center. The rivalry of educational centers for attracting students is natural, as well as the competition of views on the participation of Shi‘ite religious leaders in political processes, aggravated by the split into supporters and opponents of “governmental Shi‘ism” in Iran itself. This rivalry determines the lack of unity within the transnational Shi‘ism, which suggests that even if Iran has ambitions to create a “united Shi‘ite front”, they currently have no ideological basis. This conclusion supports the thesis of the “information war” unfolding around the Islamic Republic, aimed at preventing Iran from becoming a regional leader. At the same time, it is fundamentally important that scientific research does not follow the lead of the political conjuncture, considering Iran’s activities to create Pax Islamica Shi‘a for granted, but identify the real possibilities and limitations of Tehran in this area.
Study tours in China as a tool for improving quality education
Authors: Guleva Maria A.
Published: July 2023

In the last decade, China has continued to pursue an active policy of reforming the education system and improving the quality of human capital, and thus creating an environment conducive to the socio-economic development of the state. The education sector is developing in all directions and is no longer limited with only compulsory nine-year education. The authorities stress the need for quality education and are taking steps to improve the educational process. "High quality" education must be comprehensive, as it is a key way of ensuring the long-term economic growth of the whole country. In such circumstances, the development of the study tour segment as a tool to broaden students' horizons and develop their practical skills, has become increasingly popular and has therefore received the support of the authorities. Study tours are organized by schools according to the characteristics of the region, the age of the students and the content needs of the curricula for specific subjects. The purpose of such out-of-school trips is to enrich the knowledge of primary and secondary school students, to acquaint them with nature and culture, and to gain experience of communicating in society and making independent decisions.
Despite the challenges posed by the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic, the segment as a whole has managed to weather the crisis and enter a new phase of development. Shortly before the launch of the 'Double Reduction Policy' aimed at reducing homework and extracurricular activities and improving the quality of education and its accessibility to all segments of the population, study tours became an integral part of the educational programmes of primary and secondary schools in the country, but this area is still in the process of formation and standardization.
It is now increasingly noted that study tours now inherit and develop the traditional Chinese educational philosophy of 'read a thousand books and travel a thousand miles', and are becoming an important new content and a new tool for quality education in the country.
Processes in the literature of 1990s-2000s Turkiye
Authors: Repenkova Maria M.
Published: July 2023

This study focuses on the situation in Türkiye's literature during the 1990s and 2000s. It was marked by a dramatic paradigm shift in the attitudes of creators, the desacralization of writing, the loss of cognitive and educational functions by literature, and its conversion into a job, a business, and a game. The paper argues that Turkish literature's focus on consumption alone allows for a " vertical" classification – i.e., separation based on the intellectual capacity of the readers: high art/elite literature, designed for a narrow circle of connoisseurs and requiring considerable effort and a large cultural outlook for the adequate perception of the text (Orhan Pamuk, Ayfer Tunç, Sema Kaygusuz, Hakan Günday, etc.) and the mass literature to be read, say, in public transport or at home after a hard day's work (Alp Aras, Gülse Birsel, Nermin Bezmen, Funda Özlem Şeran, Kudret Alkan, Gündüz Öğüt, etc.). The study devoted a special place to the middle-ground literature (Ömer Zülfü Livaneli, Ayşe Kulin, Buket Uzuner, Ahmet Ümit, Canan Tan, İskender Pala, Tuna Kiremitçi, Seray Şahiner, etc.), usually called "belles-lettres" in Russian and international literary studies. The term failed to take root in Turkish literary studies. The middle-ground belles-lettres is closely related to both the "upper" and the "lower" strata of literature. Only time can determine whether a certain text belongs to belles-lettres, "high art" or "mass" prose. As part of this vertical gradation, the author reviews the mainstream genre in Turkish mass literature: fiction (subgenres, authors, publishers specializing in the genre, etc.). The study highlights that research into Turkish fiction is complicated by the fact that it is becoming increasingly difficult to classify it as a purely literary phenomenon. Fiction books compete with Turkish Hollywood – Yeşilçam – as well as comic books and video games. As a result, the author concluded that researching modern Turkish fiction only through the lens of literary studies is hardly feasible. Studying this phenomenon requires involving specialists from other humanities – cultural studies, sociology, philosophy, and psychology – necessitating the development of new interdisciplinary methods.
The “Ten Injuctions” 訓要十條 (Hunyo Sipcho, 942?): annotated translation
Authors: Chesnokova Natalia
Published: July 2023

The article focuses on the “Ten Injunctions” (Hunyo sipcho, 942?), a famous Korean document that dates back to the early Koryŏ period (918–1392) and most likely belongs to Wang Kŏn (T’aejo, 877–943), the founder of Koryŏ kingdom. This article, for the first time in Russian Korean studies, introduces a reader to a commented translation of the “Ten Injunctions”.
The “Ten Injunctions” is mentioned in Korean historical chronicles, namely the “History of Koryŏ” (Koryŏsa, 1451) and the “Essentials of Koryŏ History” (Koryŏsa chŏryo, 1452). It was written in Hanmun – a Korean form of classical Chinese, and as our research shows, it was in form of traditional Chinese imperial writings. The “Ten Injunctions” document consists of two parts. The first one is an Introduction that explains the reasons stood behind the completion of the document, and the second one is the main text with the prescribed ten injunctions.
The origin of the “Ten Injunctions” is still under discussion because most of the Koryŏ historical documents were destroyed in Khitan invasion in 1011: although most of the scholars are sure that the text belongs to Wang Kŏn, recently there have been a number of suggestions that the text belongs to Wang Kŏn’s grandson or even to a palace scholar of the 11th century.
The “Ten Injunctions” document has never yet been translated into Russian, nor have ever been a study on its contents, so this paper seeks to fill this gap and to introduce the document to the Russian Korean studies.
Park Chung Hee’s Regime in the Mirror of Modern Russian Historiography
Authors: Kurmyzov Aleksandr
Published: July 2023

The article is dedicated to the analysis of Russian researchers’ positions on main aspects of General Park Chung Hee rule in the Republic of Korea (1961–1979). While in Soviet period Park Chung Hee’s regime was considered as reactionary, Russian Koreanologists give more positive assessment to Park Chung Hee regarding him as an author of South Korea’s economic miracle. Russian researchers recognize Park’s economic policy as successful including his strategic economic planning and rural modernization. Russian Koreanologists focus attention not so much on the repressions as on modernization essence of Park’s regime. Russian researchers recognize that The May 16 military coup d’état organized by Park Chung Hee and his companions was a reaction to the national crisis and they were guided not only the pursuit of power but by national goals like the establishment of political stability, the economic recovery and the strengthening of the ROK’s military capabilities. Russian researchers think that regime of Park Chung Hee evolved from a soft authoritarianism with some elements of democracy in the period of the Third Republic (1963–1972) to an open dictatorship in the period of the Fourth Republic (1972–1979). In the same time modern Russian scientists have different opinions on the reasons of establishment of Yushin regime in 1972 and its influence on Korea’s development. While in Soviet period positive evaluation of Park Chung Hee was not possible due to ideological reasons the majority of modern Russian researchers demonstrate moderately positive attitude to President Park Chung Hee’s role in the Korean history.
Current State And Future Prospects For Russian-North Korea Relations In The New Geopolitical Conditions
Authors: Sharafetdinova Alina
Published: July 2023

North Korea openly expressed support to Russia in connection with the special operation of the Russian Armed Forces in Ukraine that began on February 24, 2022. Pyongyang confirmed its commitment to the Treaty obligations with Moscow when it voted against the anti-Russian resolution of the UN General Assembly adopted on March 2, 2022. Today, after a long period of reduced contact activity against the backdrop of tougher anti-North Korean sanctions since 2016, Russian-North Korean relations are noticeably strengthening, firstly, in the foreign policy sphere – both countries in the World space need support and solidarity in maintaining state sovereignty and the integrity of their territories , secondly, in the economic field - both sides are striving to restore trade and economic contacts by exiting the unjustified regime of sanctions pressure from Western countries. The article discusses the main areas, problems and prospects for interaction between Russia and North Korea. The main attention is paid to joint projects, such as the Khasan-Rajin logistics project, the construction of a road bridge across the Tumangan (Tumannaya) river, and the resumption of railway communication. The interest shown by the North Korean side in cooperation with the DNR and LNR through the mediation of Russia was noted. The author concludes that the mutual positive attitude towards maintaining the relations of friendship and cooperation between the Russian Federation and the DPRK formed over the past decades serves as a solid basis for resuming interrupted directions and establishing new forms of interaction in the context of the ongoing international sanctions regime.