bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlation of Body Mass Index to Oral Hygiene and Dental Caries in School Students
Authors: Jha Kunal , Abdul Nishath Sayed , Baldev Karan Cecil , Satyarth Saurabh , Mandal Nag Bhushan , Mogla Sahil , Khan Mohammed Muzammil
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

The general health of the individual can be calculated using the body mass index (BMI). In our study, we aim to evaluate the association of the BMI to the oral hygiene (OH) and dental caries (DC), in the school pupils.

Materials and Methods:

We piloted a cross-sectional study with 1000 participants of the ages 5–15 years with mixed dentition. We evaluated the BMI and the Oral Hygeine Index (OHI), DC. We compared the two oral parameters among pupils to the BMI using “ANOVA and Logistic regression analysis” for the identification of the significance and correlation.

Results:

We observed a significant variation for the different categories of the BMI and the OH, DC. BMI and the OHI, DC both depicted a strong and positive correlation.

Conclusions:

The nutritional status and the oral health are interrelated. Good oral health has to be promoted for the better general health.
Comparison of Zirconia to Dentin Bonding Using Resin-Based Luting Cements and Resin-Modified Glass-Ionomer Cement
Authors: Vivek V. J. , Venugopal P. , Divakar Namitha , Bharath Subin , Sarin K. , Mohammed Nasrin
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strengths of zirconia to dentin using two resin-based luting cements and a resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (RMGIC).

Materials and Methods:

Thirty six zirconia blocks of 2 mm × 3 mm × 5 mm were milled and luted to the exposed dentin surfaces and grouped into three according to the cement used for luting: Group I – luted with Panavia F2.0, Group II – luted with RelyX U200, and Group III – luted with FujiCEM. After thermocycling, specimens were subjected to shear bond testing in an Universal Testing Machine (UTM). Data analysis using Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA and post hoc Mann–Whitney U-test with P < 0.05 was done.

Results:

Mean bond strengths were of the order Panavia F2.0 (5.99 MPa)>RelyX U200 (4.79MPa)>FujiCEM (1.59 MPa). Maximum failures were at the zirconia-cement interface and were adhesive in nature.

Conclusions:

It can be concluded with the study that there is a better bonding of zirconia to dentin with resin-based luting cements than a RMGIC. The single-step resin-luting cement RelyX U200 produced comparable bond strength to that of a multistep Panavia F2.0.
Delayed Eruption of Tooth Due to Peripheral Giant-Cell Granuloma
Authors: Doddawad Vidya Gowdappa , Shivananda S. , Girish MS , Bhuyan Lipsa
Published: July 2022

Peripheral giant-cell granulomas (PGCGs) are reddish color lesions of the gingiva which are frequently diagnosed on a routine basis by many dentists in the regular dental practice. Most of the lesions of PGCG are slow-growing, nonaggressive with asymptomatic, and tend to recur. Here, we exhibit a case of PGCG of the upper jaw in a 15-year-old girl child. She presented with a chief complaint of a lump on her upper anterior tooth region for 2–3 months. A well-defined painless, sessile exophytic growth, measuring about 1 cm × 0.5 cm in dimension with pinkish red in color with a firm consistency, was noted. Moreover, no secondary changes were seen. On the radiograph also, no changes in the bone/tooth were observed. The provisional diagnosis was identified as benign lesions such as pyogenic granuloma, peripheral ossifying fibroma, and PGCG and was made based on the clinical history and radiographic findings, and the confirmative diagnosis was given after histopathological examination. To improve the esthetic and function of teeth as well as psychological problems in the young patient, we tend to manage the case more simply by conservative surgical procedure at the earliest to prevent a recurrence.
Assessment of Self-medication Practices among Nonteaching Faculty in a Private Dental College – A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kumari Deesha , Lahiri Banibrata , Das Asutosh , Mailankote Shilpa , Mishra Debasish , Mounika Akula
Published: July 2022

Background:

Self-medication is the use of nonprescription drugs to treat a disease by an individual. Amid the looming COVID-19 scenario in our country, wherein universal access to health care is not yet fully established, self-medication can lead to serious effects like antimicrobial resistance and is a matter of public health concern.

Aim:

The aim of the present study was to assess the self-medication practices among the nonteaching faculty in a private dental college in Mangaluru, India.

Materials and Methods:

The cross-sectional study was conducted for a duration of 6 months. All the nonteaching faculty employed in AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences were included in the study employing the total enumeration sampling technique. A total of 57 participants were included in the study. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Ethical Committee. The participants not providing consent were excluded from the study. The data were obtained using a validated pretested self-administered questionnaire in Kannada language. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 for descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results:

Around 50.8% of the participants often or regularly self-medicated. Males were found to practice self-medication higher than females, and this difference was found to be statistically significant (χ
2 = 11.088, P = 0.001). The most common reason cited for self-medication was that it was less costly (37, 64.9%). Doctors at the workplace (35, 61%) were the most common source of information. The most frequent symptoms provoking self-medication were aches in any body parts (32, 56.1%). The drugs most frequently consumed were analgesics (33, 57.9%), and 28 (49.1%) participants disagreed that self-medication was a safe practice.

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest that the prevalence of self-medication was high among the study participants and it is an alarming situation. A holistic approach must be initiated at the grassroots level which would involve health promotion initiatives such as awareness campaigns and regulatory policies to tackle the implications of self-medication.
Dental Student's Awareness and Perception toward Nicotine Replacement Therapy in Riyadh Region Saudi Arabia
Authors: Sharanesha Rajashekhara Bhari , Alshehri Abdulaziz Dhafer , Alanzi Abdulziz Ali , Dhaafi Alhussain Ali , Alshareef Mansour Yahya , Alqahtani Faisal Kasheem
Published: July 2022

Background:

Tobacco use is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Dentists have a greater role in tobacco cessation and counseling. Dental institution is a platform from where they can inculcate the habit of tobacco counseling. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) aims to reduce motivation to consume tobacco and the physiological and psychomotor withdrawal symptoms through the delivery of nicotine.

Objectives:

The aim of this study is to assess dental students' awareness and perception toward NRT.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was done on 348 dental students studying in different universities in Riyadh Region, KSA. Questions related to awareness of NRT, perception, and motivation to use NRT were asked.

Statistical Analysis:

Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics; Chi-square test was used to compare results according to the year of study.

Results:

About 74.4% of participants were aware of NRT nearly 50% of students think motivating about NRT is waste of time. About 65.2% of the students think it is difficult to quit smoking.

Conclusion:

It is necessary to consider programs giving importance about tobacco cessation and NRT among dental students.
Knowledge of Caries Risk Assessment Among Dental Students in Riyadh Region Saudi Arabia
Authors: Gowdar Inderjit Murugendrappa , BinKhames Yasser Mohammed , Althani Rakan Abdullah , Almuthaybiri Sultan Marshad , Alabdulmuhsin Sakinah Bakr , Alatiyyah Fatimah Mohammed
Published: July 2022

Background:

Caries is a preventable dental disease; further, it is associated with many risk factors. If risk factors are identified and evaluated in time, prevention can be achieved.

Aim:

Present study attempts to assess the knowledge of caries risk evaluation among dental students in Riyadh using a cross-sectional observational study design.

Materials and Methods:

The study comprised 390 dental students, interns, from the Riyadh region, Saudi Arabia. Questionnaire was developed to assess knowledge about Caries Risk Assessment (CRA). Questionnaire included ten straight statements with options for acceptance or refusal by marking true or false.

Results:

About 10.3% of the participants accepted dental caries as transmissible disease. About 69.5% of the participants think White spot lesions as carious lesions. 66.9% predict radiographic approximal lesions are disease indicators.

Conclusion:

Majority of the participants possessed knowledge about caries risk assessment, although prevention-oriented knowledge needs to be improved because knowledge of caries inducing aspects and risk of occurrence among clinicians help to deliver tailored preventive measures and appropriate execution of treatment.
Assessment of Clinical and Radiological Outcome of Implant with Two Different Connections Con iguration
Authors: Mangalvedhekar Madhura , Manas Abhigyan , Jyothirmayee K , Richashree  , Tenglikar Pavan , Das Abhaya Chandra
Published: July 2022

Objective:

The objective of the study is to compare two different implant designs having different neck configuration and neck interfaces.

Materials and Methods:

Fifty subjects were randomly divided into 2 groups, each containing 25 subjects. In Group I, conical connection (CC) (Nobel Biocare) with back-tapered collar dental implant and in Group II, external-hexagon (EH) (Nobel Biocare) with flat-to-flat implant-abutment interface dental implant was used. Radiographic marginal bone crest level and marginal bone loss (MBL) were compared.

Results:

A significant less MBL was seen in Group I compared to Group II recorded at different intervals of time (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

CC implants with back-tapered collar exhibited less MBL as compared to EH implants with flat-to-flat implant-abutment interface.
Analysis of Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Teeth with Different Restorative Materials
Authors: Manas Abhigyan , Kumar Amit , Sorte Gawali Kranti , Ismail Prabu Mahin Syed , Goutam Manish , Das Indrani
Published: July 2022

Objectives:

The objective of the study is to compare the fracture resistance of endodontic treated tooth restored with GIC, amalgam, and composite cements.

Materials and Methods:

Forty teeth were divided into 4 groups of 10 teeth each. Group I teeth were restored with silver amalgam. Group II teeth were restored with GIC. Group III teeth were restored with composite and Group IV teeth were control in which no alteration was performed. Testing machine applied force on teeth to detect fracture resistance.

Results:

The mean fracture resistance was maximum in Group IV (1050.2 N) followed by Group III (956.2 N), Group I (836.4 N), and Group II (766.4 N). The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The mean difference of fracture resistance was significant (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

Composite resin possesses highest fractures resistance as compared to GIC and silver amalgam.
A Comparison of Xenograft Graft Material and Synthetic Bioactive Glass Allograft in Immediate Dental Implant Patients
Authors: Goutam Manish , Batra Namish , Jyothirmayee K , Bagrecha Nitin , Deshmukh Poonam , Malik Sakshi
Published: July 2022

Objectives:

The objective of the study is to compare xenograft graft material and synthetic bioactive glass allograft in immediate dental implant patients.

Materials and Methods:

Forty patients were grouped as Group A patients (xenograft graft material, BioOss) and Group B (synthetic allograft material, Perio Glas) and immediate implant placement was done. Plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, and bone resorption were compared at different intervals.

Results:

A nonsignificant difference was observed in all parameters at different interval of time (P > 0.05) recorded at mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual side.

Conclusion:

Xenograft (Bio Oss) and synthetic allograft (PerioGlas) found to be effective graft materials treatment choice.
Comparative Assessment of the Efficacy of Two-Dimensional Digital Intraoral Radiography to Three-Dimensional Cone Beam Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Periapical Pathologies
Authors: Surya S. , Barua Akash Narayan Dutta , Magar Shaliputra Pralhad , Magar Shilpa Shaliputra , Rela Rathi , Chhabada Amarpal Kour
Published: July 2022

Background:

Periapical intraoral radiographs are useful in assessing periapical pathologies; essential information often is not extracted owing to difficult interpretation and two-dimensional presentation of three-dimensional structures focusing on using cone beam CT (CBCT) and other advanced imaging modalities.

Aims:

The present study was conducted to comparatively assess the digital intraoral radiography to CBCT in the diagnosis of periapical pathologies.

Materials and Methods:

In 50 teeth, CBCT and digital imaging were compared in assessing periapical pathologies using CBCTPA and six-point scoring. The scores obtained were assessed and compared with statistical evaluation. The data were expressed in percentage and number and mean and standard deviation. The level of significance was kept at P < 0.05.

Results:

On comparing 3D CBCT and 2D digital imaging for assessing the study parameters, it was seen that resorption was seen in 33, 30, and 9 teeth, respectively, on 3, 2, and 1 rooted tooth on CBCT and 13, 16, and 7 teeth on digital radiography. The numbers of roots and root canals on CBCT were 45, 34, and 18 in 3, 2, and 1 rooted tooth and 50, 32, and 18 on digital imaging. Lesions were detected on CBCT in 16, 18, and 18 teeth on CBCT in 3, 2, and 1 rooted tooth, respectively, and in 14, 14, and 16 teeth on digital imaging. Comparing the five-point scale for lesions and CBPAI index for CBCT and digital imaging, the difference was statistically significant with P = 0.004 and <0.0001, respectively.

Conclusion:

The present study concludes that 3D CBCT is superior in accuracy to 2D imaging in diagnosing the periapical lesions, especially concerning multirooted teeth. Owing to its high radiation exposure and cost, 2D imaging can be incorporated in assessing periapical pathology for the single-rooted tooth.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Manual Toothbrush Versus Power Toothbrush in Reduction of Gingivitis
Authors: Khan Afia Anwar , Zehra Fatima , Venkittu Preethi , Thatchayani I , Harishma CV , Shafna Shafna
Published: July 2022

Background:

In our study, we compare the power toothbrush with the manual toothbrush and the results showed were contradictory. Where few studies have reported that power toothbrushes are superior, other studies showed that both are equally efficacious in removing dental plaque.

Aims:

The present study was conducted to evaluate and compare the efficacy of manual toothbrush with an electric toothbrush in reducing dental plaque and gingivitis.

Materials and Methods:

The study included a total of 56 subjects which were randomly divided into two groups of 28 subjects each. At week 1, disclosing agent (two-tone solution) was used to detect plaque, and Loe and Silness Gingival Index were used to assess gingival scores. Oral hygiene instructions and brushing were also reinforced. A similar protocol was repeated at one, two, and six weeks. The collected data were subjected to statistical evaluation.

Results:

At two weeks, the plaque score for manual and power toothbrushes were 60.253 ± 20.672 and 44.031 ± 16.484, respectively, and this difference was statistically significant with P = 0.0020. At six weeks, plaque scores for manual and power toothbrushes were 43.784 ± 22.647 and 20.489 ± 10.336, respectively, and were statistically significant (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion:

The present study concludes that powered toothbrush has added advantages of improved oral hygiene compared to manual toothbrush concerning plaque reduction. This can be attributed to predefined power and force which can effectively remove plaque, calculus, and improved gingival health.
Use of Internet as a Source of Oral Health Information in Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Gowdar Inderjit Murugendrappa , Arishi Faisal Omar , Ateen Abdulhaleem Muhammad , Alzuabi Abdulaziz Abdullah , AL-Ahmari Ali Ayedh , Khojah Abdullah Bahjat
Published: July 2022

Aim:

This study aimed to assess the use of Internet as a source of oral health among adult population in Riyadh region, Saudi Arabia.

Methodology:

A self-administered questionnaire was distributed among adults aged above 18 years through Google Forms. Questionnaire consisting of demographic characteristics and questions related to use of Internet, reason for use of Internet, whether they use Internet for searching information related to oral health, which is the media they use more preferably to search oral health information, and does they found the information beneficial or not was asked.

Results:

Almost 98.2% of the participants uses Internet for one or the other reasons. About 71.3% of the participants use the Internet for searching oral health information. Google is the most common platform for searching oral health information on the Internet. Age and education wise, there was a statistically significant difference in many responses (P < 0.050).

Conclusion:

Majority of the study population have access to Internet, also search oral health information on the Internet. There is a need for regulations and guidelines so that oral health information available from the Internet can be used as a media to promote oral health.
Malocclusion and Esthetic Perception Among Young Adults in Riyadh Region of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Gowdar Inderjit M. , Alrashid Talal Z. , Alqahtani Thaar O. , Alotaibi Mohammad A. , Alshammari Salman N. , Alqahtani Refdan Obeid
Published: July 2022

Aim:

To assess the malocclusion and esthetic perception among young adults in Riyadh region.

Methodology:

A total of 667 subjects aged above 6 years were included in this study. Link containing questionnaires were sent through social media, email, and WhatsApp. Questions were related to the effect of malocclusion on oral health such as dental caries, gum disease, difficulty in tooth brushing, perception of their teeth in the way of alignment, and smile personality.

Results:

54.1% of participants said malocclusion can cause dental caries, 63.3% said it will lead to gum disease, and 72% were of the opinion that it will make tooth brushing difficult. 27.9% of study subjects were not happy with the alignment of their teeth. None of the responses were found to be statistically significant according to age (P > 0.05). Most of the questions were statistically significant according to gender (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Majority of study subjects had good knowledge about malocclusion and oral health. Perception about esthetics was more among women than men. More than 90% of subjects thinks beautiful smile is a part of personality.
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Herbal and Chlorhexidine Mouthrinse against Staphylococcus aureus - An in vitro Microbiological Study
Authors: Nagappan Nagappan , Palaneeswaran Kamalashankar , Kumarappan Kannan , Natarajan Raghunathan , Tajuddin Rameezuddin , Anusha Yalamanchi
Published: July 2022

Background:

Microorganisms in the oral cavity are still considered serious public health problems and position a costly burden on health-care services worldwide and elsewhere. Mouthrinses have been used in the oral cavity for decades with the intention of reducing the amount of microorganisms. Mouthrinses are used as additives to oral mechanical hygiene. Therapeutic mouthwashes are also prescribed as an alternative to mechanical plaque control for plaque accumulation prevention and for gingival and peri-implant health maintenance. Mechanical control alone has been questioned to eliminate recalcitrant biofilms in the oral cavity because it is known to be very time-consuming and, most significantly, inadequate for good oral hygiene. The aim of this study was to assess the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and antimicrobial efficacy of herbal and chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthrinse against Staphylococcus aureus.

Materials and Methods:

For MIC (macrobroth dilution method), MBC and antimicrobial effectiveness (zone of inhibition) of an herbal mouthrinse and 0.2% CHX mouthrinse were determined by the agar well diffusion method.

Results:

The zone of inhibition of S. aureus was 24 mm for the CHX mouthrinse. The arowash liquid mouthrinse shows that S. aureus does not produce a zone of inhibition.

Conclusion:

CHX mouthrinse (0.2%) has a better antimicrobial efficacy against the S. mutans when compared to herbal mouthrinse (arowash liquid)
Stress and Strain Created Around Miniscrews during En Masse Retraction - A Finite Element Method
Authors: Kumar S. R. Santhosh , Barthunia Neeral , Barthunia Bhavna , Jain Ruchira , Vidhyashree M. , Bheemisetty Swetha
Published: July 2022

Background:

En masse retraction of the anterior teeth may create anchorage problems. The effective means of obtaining anchorage in en masse retraction is by the usage of temporary anchorage devices.

Aims and Objectives:

The purpose of this study is focused on stress and strain created around miniscrew during en masse retraction using the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) data obtained at two intervals and by the finite element analysis done using the CBCT data obtained. This will show us the stress and strain created around miniscrews and the withstanding capacity of miniscrews.

Conclusion:

Stress and strain was higher in TADs as compared to cortical and alveolar bone.
Fundus Changes in High Myopia in Relation to Axial Length of the Globe
Authors: Naik Gajaraj Tulsidas , Achar Prashantkumar , Dsouza Nameeth D. A. , Beary Mohammad Sameerudeen Moosa
Published: July 2022

Purpose:

The aim of the study is to correlate between axial length of the eyeball and fundus changes and to know its importance.

Materials and Methods:

It was an observational study conducted for a duration of 1 year in patients with myopia more than 1 D and axial length more than 24 mm. A total of 100 eyes were included in the study and all underwent thorough fundus examination. The findings were documented using retinal maps and fundus camera photography. Data were analyzed for statistical significance using Chi-square or categorical data.

Results:

The study showed five posterior fundus changes and three peripheral fundus changes to be frequently associated with axial myopia. The five posterior fundus changes were optic disc crescents, Fuchs spot, lacquer cracks, posterior staphyloma, and chorioretinal atrophy. The three peripheral fundus changes were the area of white without pressure, lattice, and retinal breaks. Four of these lesions, i.e., crescents, posterior staphyloma, chorioretinal atrophy, and white without pressure, were found to be very highly significant with increasing axial length.

Conclusion:

Our study confirmed that there was a statistical significance in fundus changes with relation to axial length.
Effect of Remineralization Agents on White Spot Lesions
Authors: Rajendran Ratheesh , Hussain M. Sadique , Sandhya Raghu , Ashik Mohammed , Thomas Arun Jacob , Mammen Reni Elizabeth
Published: July 2022

Objective:

The goal of this systematic review was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Casein Phosphopeptide Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP) remineralizing potential to that of other remineralizing treatments and placebo in both naturally occurring and postorthodontic white spot lesions (WSL) in vivo.

Materials and Methods:

From 2005 to 2020, the literature search used electronic databases PubMed, Embase, Science Direct, and Google Scholar to find studies published solely in English and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) employing CPP-ACP as an intervention. All eligible studies were reviewed by two independent reviewers.

Results:

Excluding duplications, 72 articles were identified. Abstracts of 58 articles were reviewed independently, 19 articles were excluded, 36 full text articles were retrieved; finally selecting 14 studies.

Conclusion:

The CPP-ACP was found to have efficacious remineralizing potential on naturally occurring and postorthodontic WSL compared to placebo or other preventive measures. Further well-performed RCTs are needed to determine the therapeutic significance of remineralizing medicines, and long-term follow-ups are required.
Direct Pulp Capping with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and Biodentine in Cariously Exposed Molar Teeth
Authors: Ahlawat Monika , Grewal Mandeep S. , Goel Mahima , Bhullar Harkanwal Kaur , Saurabh  , Nagpal Ravi
Published: July 2022

Aim:

To assess and compare the treatment outcome of direct pulp capping with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine, after complete excavation of caries in permanent dentition with a 2-visit treatment protocol.

Materials and Methods:

Direct pulp capping with white MTA was performed in 70 teeth. Direct pulp capping with Biodentine was also done in 72 teeth. In the subsequent visits after 2 weeks, pulp sensibility tests were attempted in both studied groups. All clinical outcomes were categorized as success or failure.

Results:

The success rate of the pulp capping procedure in the MTA group at the end of 12 months study was 94.3% in the Class I subgroup and 93.3% in the Class II subgroup.

Conclusion:

Direct pulp capping with MTA and Biodentine, after pulp exposure during excavation of deep caries could maintain pulp vitality in permanent teeth.
An In Vitro Study of Gutta Percha Removal Commencing from the Root Canal Undergoing Endodontic Retreatment using Different Rotary Instrumentation Systems
Authors: Gaffoor Faisal M. A. , Chintu S , Thota Lavanya , Kumar Amit , Thota Gunaranjan , Dwivedi Vartul , Badiyani Bhumika Kamal
Published: July 2022

Background:

In the root canal, the tenacity of microbial infection in either or both the periradicular area is the utmost communal source of endodontic failure. The majority of the gutta percha is removed using hand and rotational equipment.

Aim of Study:

To determine gutta percha removal by effectively utilizing three rotary instrumentation devices all through the endodontic retreatment.

Objective of Study:

To determine amongst the three Nickle-Titanium systems which one is significantly effective in retreatment along with comparison of retreatment efficiency using or avoiding the utilization of solvent.

Materials and Methods:

On 60 newly extracted, single-rooted mandibular premolars, every root canal was sealed using gutta percha and AH Plus sealer utilizing lateral compaction. After that, the samplings were separated into three investigational groups, each with 20 specimens. After that, individual groups were separated into ten specimens. After that, the groups were withdrawn with or without solvent. ProTaper retreatment files, Mtwo retreatment files, and R-Endo files were utilized to eradicate the gutta percha after two weeks. The extent of root canal filling material left in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds was recorded utilizing a stereomicroscope and a computer image processing program. The data was statistically examined using analysis of variance.

Result:

The ProTaper group exhibited a smaller amount of remnant filling material than the supplementary groups in the coronal and middle thirds; however a significant difference amid ProTaper and Mtwo, and Mtwo and R-Endo in the nonsolvent groups (P = 0.05) was concluded. In the nonsolvent group, the Mtwo group showed less leftover filling material.

Conclusion:

The elimination of root canal filling material was found to be equally effective in all systems. However, not a single experimental group could entirely eradicate gutta percha from the root canal.
Spectrophotometric Analysis of Fluoride Concentration in Dentifrices for Children in India
Authors: Pillai Dinesh Dhamodhar Mathevan , Vijayaraghavan R. , Kumar Rajeswary , Prasad Kota Bala Chaithanya , Pandya Kalpa , Nagappan Nagappan
Published: July 2022

Background:

There is a need to monitor the fluoride content of dentifrices used for children in a country like India, where there is prevalence of endemic fluorosis.

Aim:

To evaluate the fluoride content of dentifrices for children available in India.

Settings and Design:

In vitro study in a laboratory setting.

Methods:

About 27 major supermarkets/departmental stores in Chennai city were approached by the investigator. All dentifrices indicated for children, available in these stores were included in the present study. A total of four different dentifrice brands were procured from these outlets. For each brand of dentifrice, three samples were randomly chosen and used for fluoride analysis. The fluoride content was assessed in triplet by using spectrophotometric analysis, by a single blinded examiner. The test sample was compared to a standard solution, in a calibration curve to determine the fluoride concentration.

Results:

The mean fluoride content of dentifrices, indicated for children was 449.5 ± 26.1 ppm.

Conclusions:

All brands of commercially available dentifrices indicated for children had optimum amount of fluoride.
Osteoinduction Using a Prefabricated Scaffold in the Gluteus Muscle of Wistar Rats
Authors: Salim Shiad , Surej Kumar I. K. , Haaris Faredha , Alim Aneesh , Seniya K. M. , Nayana Nazeer R. S
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

Bone grafts are very significant for the reconstruction of the trauma and the deformations created thereafter. Various bone forming and promoting agents are widely studied. Hence, in this study, we aim to evaluate the osteoinduction effect of scaffold impregnated with Simvastatin in wistor rats in an observational study.

Material and Methods:

We implanted 18 Wistar rats to be equally divided as controls and test groups. Polycaprolactone coated with 20 mg concentration of Simavastatin under sterile condition was used as test and hydroxy appetite as control. Then, we observed the histopathological Heamatoxilin and Eosin and ABH, sections at 4, 12, and 26 weeks. We noted the calcium deposition and bone formation.

Results:

We observed a significant variation among groups at 4, 12, and 26 weeks in the calcium deposition. While for the bone formation no significant variation were noted among groups at 4 and 12 weeks, however, there was a significant difference noted at 26 weeks. At the end of 12 weeks, mild fibroblast proliferation was seen in the surrounding area. After 26 weeks, ABH sections showed focal area of fibroblast proliferation with mild mononuclear infiltration was noticed; but implant could not be located.

Conclusion:

We conclude that Simavastatin showed an anabolic effect on bone healing.
Comparative Evaluation of Wettability at Various Stages of Working Time for Light Body and Medium Body Consistencies of Three Elastomeric Impression Materials
Authors: Rameshbabu Ashwini Obla , Chandrasekaran Divagar , Mariappan Saravanakumar , Ramadoss Sethuraman , Badimela Arjun , Krishnaswamy Aishwarya
Published: July 2022

Aim:

The main purpose of this study was to compare the wettability of light and medium body consistencies of three different elastomeric impression materials during their working time.

Materials and Methods:

Vinylpolysiloxane, polyether, and vinylsiloxanether light body and medium body impression materials were used to fabricate the test samples. The contact angles of the impression materials were determined at 30th s from the start of mixing until their entire range of working time using a goniometer. The mean contact angles at the early stage of working time and at the end of working time for two consistencies of each impression material were subjected for statistical analysis.

Results:

The result showed contact angle of all the impression materials toward the end of working time was less than the early stage with the statistical significance (P < 0.05). The contact angle of the light body impression material was less than the medium body impression materials with statistical significance (P < 0.05) except for vinylsiloxanether impression material.

Conclusion:

We have concluded from this study that vinylsiloxanether impression materials exhibited the least contact angle followed by polyether and the highest was recorded for vinylpolysiloxane impression material.
Comparison of Oral Mucosal Biopsies Done Using Scalpel and Diode Lasers
Authors: Gundlapalle Pratheeth , Nagappan Nagappan , Ramesh P. , Ziauddhin Shaik , Karthick B. Prem , Paleti V. S. Manjari , Kumar B. Vijay
Published: July 2022

Background:

As dental lasers are becoming more popular in the branch of oral medicine for its various advantages and applications, this study was carried out to evaluate better mode of obtaining oral biopsies which is a common and inevitable procedure for providing final diagnosis in majority of conditions.

Methodology:

In this study, a total of 60 patients who required biopsy for final diagnosis of oral mucosal lesions as part of diagnosis in department of Oral Medicine were selected, out of which 30 were subjected to scalpel biopsies and 30 patients were subjected to diode laser biopsies. A 980 nm Zolar plus diode laser was used for the study. Out of 30 patients who were subjected to laser biopsies, 3W continuous mode settings were used for 15 patients and 3W pulsed mode was used for 15 patients. The specimens were sent to Department of Oral Pathology for histopathological evaluation to provide the final diagnosis. The time taken for each patient, volume of local anesthesia, during operative, postoperative pain scale, and co-relation of provisional and final diagnosis was noted for comparison purpose and the pathologist comments, peripheral tissue damage and artifact's for each slide were noted.

Results:

The study results showed the postoperative pain was comparatively less in diodlaser than scalpel, the lasers were patient friendly as the heammorage was negligible when compared to scalpel and suturing was not required. The pulsed mode in diode laser was advantageous over continuous mode when amount of thermal damage and postoperative pain score was compared.

Conclusion:

The results showed that oral biopsies can be made better using diode lasers, by having thorough knowledge on the device.
In vitro Study - Comparative Evaluation of Bond Strengths of Stainless Steel Brackets and Ceramic Brackets after Curing with the Argon Laser and the Conventional Visible Light
Authors: Kalidass Priya , Mohankumar Karthiga , Murali Preethi , Ponniah Harish , Srinidhi S. , Vigneshwaran K. A. , Mani Bhuvaneswari
Published: July 2022

Aim:

The purpose of this study was to compare the bond strengths of stainless steel brackets and ceramic brackets after treated with conventional visible light and argon laser.

Methodology:

Extracted 80 human premolar teeth were collected and stored in distilled water. They are classified into four groups. All teeth were placed in acrylic block where long axis of the tooth should be perpendicular to the mold's bottom. Teeth were subjected to ×10 magnification after debonding.

Results:

There is no statistically significant difference was found between the shear bond strength of argon laser and conventional visible light for stainless steel and ceramic bracket. Ceramic brackets had significantly increased bond strength than stainless steel brackets.

Conclusion:

Argon laser can be used for bonding orthodontic brackets using a visible light-cure orthodontic adhesive system, and ceramic brackets had significantly increased bond strength than stainless steel.
Assessment of Knowledge, Awareness, and Perception of Platelet-Rich Plasma among Oral Surgeons
Authors: Stephen Sujithraj , Ramar Selvakumar , Rajendran Chinnaiah , Devar Nirmala Mrugesh , Shaga I. Bevin , Somasundaram Revathi , Mani Bhuvaneswari , Nagappan Nagappan , M. Moulvi S. M.
Published: July 2022

Aim:

The current survey was conducted to assess the knowledge and awareness of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) among oral surgeons in the state of Tamil Nadu.

Methodology:

The cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among oral surgeons in the state of Tamil Nadu. The self-administered questions related to knowledge and awareness of PRP were collected from 500 participants. The statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences SPSS (V 22.0). The frequency distribution was computed.

Results:

This survey exposed that 454 (90.4%) respondents had knowledge and awareness about the role of PRP. Forty (7.0%) were knowledgeable regarding the PRP treatment. Four hundred and fifty-four (90.6%) had aware about the usage of PRP procedures in oral surgery.

Conclusion:

The current study's findings indicate that the oral surgeons were aware of PRP as an auxiliary therapeutic technique for wound healing and maturation.
Effect of Temporomandibular Disorders on Cortisol Concentration in the Body and Treatment with Occlusal Equilibrium
Authors: Suprajith T , Wali Abeer , Jain Anushtha , Patil Konark , Mahale Priyanka , Niranjan Vani
Published: July 2022

Background:

Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are a group of symptoms concerning the temporomandibular joints, masticatory muscles, and occlusion, which include pain, restricted mouth opening and movement, joint tenderness, and intermittent joint noises. Women are more likely to suffer from temporomandibular problems than men. Patients with TMDs show a wide range of behavioral and psychosocial symptoms, including increased stress, anxiety, sadness, and somatization.

Materials and methods:

The patient group in this case–control research comprised 60 patients from the Department of Prosthodontics at Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheswara College of Dental Sciences in Dharwad. Female subjects aged between 33 and 45 years, who were educated, had two children, and were housewives were included in the study. Only 96 individuals of those screened met the inclusion criteria, and these 96 patients were given a hair cortisol test. After 1, 2, and 3 months, cortisol testing was performed.

Results:

There were no significant differences between the groups at the start of the study; but after 30 min of the modified trier test, there was a statistically significant main effect across groups, as well as a significant main effect of salivary cortisol over time.

Conclusion:

The etiopathogenesis of TMD is complicated by psychosocial stress. When compared to men, women have a higher risk of TMD.
A Comparison on Efficiency and Aerosol Generation between “Modified and Conventional Technique of Bracket Bonding”
Authors: Arun Lily , Soumya S. V. , Altaf Syed Khalid , Shankar S. , Murali Kruthika , Panwar Vasim Raja
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

The novel COVID-19 which spread's primarily through oral and nasal passage poses a major threat of spread during dental treatments. It is important for dental practitioners to use minimal aerosol techniques. The aim of this study is to compare the time taken, efficiency and aerosol generated between modified and conventional technique (CT) of bracket bonding.

Methods:

This study includes 40 patients who required complete orthodontic treatment. In all 40 patients, one of the arches was bonded with modified technique (MT) and the opposing with CT. The time taken to prepare tooth in both the techniques were accessed. The efficiency of bond was seen over a period of 6 months. The amount of aerosol particulate matter generated during CT and MT was observed using a laser air quality monitor

Conclusion:

There is no significant difference in the bond failure and time taken between both the techniques. The aerosol generated in MT was minimal or almost negligible when compared to the use of CT.
Comparative Evaluation of Intrathecal Bupivacaine 0.5% With Intrathecal Bupivacaine 0.5% and 60-µg Buprenorphine for Postoperative Analgesia in Elective Cesarean Section Patients
Authors: Shrinivas T. R. , Ali Liyakhath , Jamagond Siddharam
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

The analgesia after the C-section is a very challenging condition to the anesthetist. Various combinations of the agents have been proposed for a successful analgesia. Hence, in our study, we aimed to compare the intrathecal bupivacaine 0.5% with intrathecal bupivacaine 0.5% and 60-microgram buprenorphine for postoperative analgesia in elective C-section patients.

Materials and Methods:

We piloted a prospective study among 40 subjects grouped equally as Group I – bupivacaine 0.5%, and Group II – bupivacaine 0.5% and 60-μg buprenorphine. We compared the clinical parameters for the pain relief by visual analog scale (VAS), the duration of the analgesia, and the side effects for the two groups. The values obtained were compared using the ANOVA test deliberating P < 0.05 as significant.

Results:

Significant longer duration and faster onset of the analgesia were seen for the Group II than the Group I. The VAS score was higher for the Group I than Group II. Greater side effects were seen in the buprenorphine group.

Conclusion:

Within the limits of this study, beneficial effect of the bupivacaine was identified when added to the routine bupivacaine for the analgesia in the C-section.
Prevalence of Lower Back Pain and its Relationship with Driving Postures among Drivers in Taif, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Atallah Ayman A. , Althuwaybi Saad Eidhah , Faydh Jamal Amin , Alsherbi Raghad Khalid , Alsufyani Mashael Eidhah , Aljuaid Hanun Mohammed
Published: July 2022

Background:

Lower back pain (LBP) is well-known as the most common musculoskeletal condition with 80% of lifetime prevalence. The effects of LBP on cultural, social, and public health continue to increase. It brings in billions of dollars of medical costs. This study assessed the prevalence of LBP among car drivers with the wrong driving position in Taif.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional study using an electronic questionnaire in English translated to Arabic, which included questions about driving with wrong postures, lower back pain, and its correlation.

Results:

91.1% of participants satisfied our inclusion criteria for the data analysis. The prevalence of lower back pain in this study was about 44.1% (n = 659). It was more among those aged >40 years (50.9%) compared to other age groups, which showed a statistically significant association (P < 0.001). It was found that 54.4% (n = 813) had been driving in a wrong posture, and there was a strong association observed between this wrong posture and LBP (51.8%) (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

The prevalence of LBP was high among drivers. This study calls for implanting health education and awareness programs about LBP and its risk factors.
Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Gallbladder Diseases
Authors: Vadthya Ganesh , Jarupla Srikanth N. , Mahajan Akriti , Francis Mariea , Managutti Anil , Tiwari Rahul V. C. , Dutta Priyanjali
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

The diagnostic accuracy for the diseases of the gall bladder is high for the Ultrasound. Hence, in the present study, we aimed to evaluate the application of the ultrasound as a major diagnostic aid for the gallbladder diseases.

Materials and Methods:

We piloted observational study among 100 patients with gallbladder diseases. The clinical, ultrasonograhic, and the histopathological parameters were compared to check the validity of the tests using t-test deliberating P < 0.05 as significant.

Results:

We observed that number of the cases that were positively identified radiographically were 93 out of 82 actual cases and 67 identified by the Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC). There was no significant difference between the clinical, pathological diagnosis and the ultrasonograhic diagnosis indicating a accuracy similar to the clinical and FNAC methods.

Conclusion:

Ultrasonograhic diagnosis performed similar to the other forms of diagnosis and can be suggested as a convenient and accurate diagnostic test for the diseases of gallbladder.
Knowledge and Perception of e-Cigarettes among Dental Students in Riyadh Region Saudi Arabia
Authors: Sharanesha Rajashekhara Bhari , Alkhaldi Abdullah Maseer , Alshehri Ali Ghurman , Alanazi Muhannad Ayidh , Al-shammri Tareq Matar , Alanazi Faisal Moteb
Published: July 2022

Background:

Tobacco use is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Dentists play a vital role in tobacco abstinence and counseling. Dental institution being a foundation for a clinical practice from where they can practice and implement the habit of tobacco counseling. E-cigarette can be availed over-the-counter and can be used as alternative to conventional tobacco smoking to reduce ill effects of tobacco.

Objectives:

The aim of this study is to assess dental student's knowledge, prevalence, and perception about e-cigarette.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was done on 400 dental students studying in different universities at Riyadh region, KSA. Questions related to prevalence, knowledge, and awareness about e-cigarette were asked.

Results:

Forty-four percent of participants were found to be smokers, 26% of the participants had used an e-cigarette themselves with 21% currently using the same.

Conclusion:

This effective therapeutic tool should be known well by the upcoming budding and professional practicing dentists with through knowledge of each dimensions, merits and demerits of the same to develop positivity in inculcating and encouraging in patient tobacco abstinence program.
Evaluation of The Sealing Ability of Gutta Percha with Bioroot RCS, MTA Fillapex and Sealapex – An SEM Study
Authors: Shandilya Ashutosh , Azhar Ali , Maheswari Diksha , Ratre Shweta , Agrawal Neha , Siddiqui Taha
Published: July 2022

Aim of the Study:

The objective of this in-vitro study was to assess the screening capabilities of three endodontic sealers, namely the BioRoot RCS, the MTA Fillapex, and Sealapex (a calcium hydroxide-based sealer), and the gutta-percha cone by using a scanning electron microscopy to the dentine walls. The results from the research are presented here.

Results:

ZOE exhibited more gaps in the sealing materials evaluated with the least dental sealing performance, followed by the cervical third by the MTA Fillapex, the Sealapex, and the BioRoot RCS. The ZOE, followed by Sealapex, MTA Fillapex, and BioRoot RCS, exhibited inadequate dental wall sealing capacity in the middle of the third. The third apical ZOE exhibited more deficiencies in the formation of dental walls, followed by Sealapex, MTA Fillapex, and BioRoot RCS.

Conclusion:

Under the constraints of the investigation, it can be stated that for the bioceramic sealer, a minimal gap was seen, with RCS of BioRoot superior to Fillapex of MTA. In the middle third, Sealapex was better adapted to the calcium hydroxide-based sealant than the MTA Fillapex sealer. MTA Filllapex had lower gap development than Sealapex in cervical or apical thirds.