bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Color‐Tunable Multifunctional Excited‐State Intramolecular Proton Transfer Emitter: Stimulated Emission of a Single Dye
Authors: Durko‐Maciag Martyna , Jacquemin Denis , Ulrich Gilles , Massue Julien , Mysliwiec Jaroslaw
Published: May 2022

The excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer chromophores were regarded as good materials for laser action generation due to their inherent four‐level photocycle. The excitation‐dependent properties of these compounds enable light amplification from two distinct forms: both enol and keto, making it possible to obtain dual fluorescence emission. Herein, we report that a third option is possible for the first time stimulated emission was realized with a deprotonated ESIPT molecule based on a novel rigidified 2‐(2’‐hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole derivative, triggering the possibility to fabricate real‐time tunable active material. Through the rational engineering of the ratio of each emissive species, a red‐green‐blue device was fabricated with the possibility of white light generation. The degenerated two‐wave mixing setup was applied to construct a continuously tunable distributed feedback laser.
Lateral migration of cylindrical particle in a constricted microchannel—A numerical study
Authors: Neeraj Manjappatta Pazhiyottumana , Maniyeri Ranjith
Published: May 2022

Inertial migration of a single cylindrical particle in a constricted microchannel is addressed in this work. A computational model (two‐dimensional) has been constructed with the assistance of the immersed boundary finite volume method. The feedback forcing strategy is utilized for the simulation of lateral migration. The parameters like equilibrium position, migration time, and shortest equilibrium distance are computed to analyze the inertial migration characteristics of the particle. Also, a comprehensive parametric study has been performed on the migration behaviour of particles inside the constricted channel by addressing the effects of Reynolds number, diameter, initial release position, and constriction clearance. The parametric study shows that the equilibrium position changes with variations in the initial release position and particle diameter. On the other hand, it stays unaffected by changes in Reynolds number and constriction clearance. The parameters like the shortest equilibrium distance and migration time increase with a rise in Reynolds number and particle diameter. On the other hand, it reduces with the reduction in constriction clearance. Inspired by the parametric study results, in the following stage, a prediction model is created with an artificial neural network algorithm. This is used for an effective forecast of equilibrium position, migration time, and shortest equilibrium distance. Further, the computational model is utilized to check for the existence of a critical Reynolds number for the particle movement in a constricted microchannel. It is observed that the critical Reynolds number remains unchanged with a change in particle diameter. However, it increases linearly with an increase in constriction clearance.
Retrospective study of EGFR‐mutant lung adenocarcinoma with bone metastatic clinical features
Authors: Gu Liyan , Gong Ting , Ma Qing , Zhong Diansheng
Published: May 2022

Background

With more and more target medicine application in lung cancer, lots of patients take medicine at home, the treatment bone metastasis and screen of bone metastasis always has been neglected until skeletal‐related events (SREs) such as bone pain, hypercalcemia of malignancy and pathologic fractures emerging which significantly impairs the patients' daily activity ability, seriously lower quality of life.

Aim

To identify the clinical characteristics of patients which influence the overall survival (OS) of EGFR‐TKIs effective in EGFR‐mutant NSCLC with bone metastasis (BM) and the bone metastatic image features.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study in patients (treated with EGFR‐TKIs ≥6 months) of lung adenocarcinoma with BM in our hospital from October 2014 to October 2017. The Kaplan–Meier survival curves were calculated using the log‐rank univariate test. Multivariate regression analysis was conducted using Cox's regression model. Comparison between the different subgroups of bone metastasis was conducted using Pearson Chi‐Square test.

Results

A total of 79 patients were diagnosed as EGFR‐mutant lung adenocarcinoma with bone metastases. At univariate analysis, age < 65 years (p = .024), heavy smoking (p = .005), Osteolytic BM (p = .034), number of bone metastasis ≥3 (p = .032), EGFR‐L858R mutated (p = .018) and bisphosphonate times <6 (p = .046), were significantly associated with worse overall survival (OS). At multivariate analysis, EGFR 19del was an independent predictor of better OS (p = .035). Osteolytic BM was more likely to occur in EGFR‐mutant patients (osteolytic vs. sclerotic vs. mixed: 45.57% vs. 34.18% vs. 20.25%). Patients who had received bisphosphonate ≥6 times were less suffer from SRE compared to those treated with bisphosphonate <6 times (p = .019).

Conclusion

In conclusions, this retrospective study suggests that for the patients, treated with EGFR‐TKIs ≥6 months, EGFR exon 19 del, osteogenic bone metastasis, bisphosphonate application times ≥6, smoking <400/day and the number of BM <3 were predictors of better OS (p < .05). Bisphosphonate times ≥9 should be considered to the patients with BM. SPECT–CT would be an effective correction of SPECT in the patient's bone metastasis examination. During the whole follow‐up process, we found by chance that the change of bone mineral density in the follow‐up process suggested that bisphosphonates need to be used for more than 1 year or more, and we can use local CT in the follow‐up clinical practice to confirm the bone density changes to decide when we could stop or reduce bisphosphonate application.
Photochemistry in Germany
Authors: Dietzek‐Ivanšić Benjamin , Griesbeck Axel , Strehmel Bernd , Wächtler Maria
Published: May 2022

Photochemistry is expected to make exceptional contributions, for example, in the fields of solar‐energy conversion, in the design of smart materials and in photopharmacology. This Special Collection highlights some of the photochemical research currently performed in Germany.
Analytical Approaches for the Segmentation of the Zebrafish Brain Vasculature
Authors: Kugler Elisabeth C. , Rampun Andrik , Chico Timothy J. A. , Armitage Paul A.
Published: May 2022

With advancements in imaging techniques, data visualization allows new insights into fundamental biological processes of development and disease. However, although biomedical science is heavily reliant on imaging data, interpretation of datasets is still often based on subjective visual assessment rather than rigorous quantitation. This overview presents steps to validate image processing and segmentation using the zebrafish brain vasculature data acquired with light sheet fluorescence microscopy as a use case.

Blood vessels are of particular interest to both medical and biomedical science. Specific image enhancement filters have been developed that enhance blood vessels in imaging data prior to segmentation. Using the Sato enhancement filter as an example, we discuss how filter application can be evaluated and optimized. Approaches from the medical field such as simulated, experimental, and augmented datasets can be used to gain the most out of the data at hand. Using such datasets, we provide an overview of how biologists and data analysts can assess the accuracy, sensitivity, and robustness of their segmentation approaches that allow extraction of objects from images. Importantly, even after optimization and testing of a segmentation workflow (e.g., from a particular reporter line to another or between immunostaining processes), its generalizability is often limited, and this can be tested using double‐transgenic reporter lines. Lastly, due to the increasing importance of deep learning networks, a comparative approach can be adopted to study their applicability to biological datasets.

In summary, we present a broad methodological overview ranging from image enhancement to segmentation with a mixed approach of experimental, simulated, and augmented datasets to assess and validate vascular segmentation using the zebrafish brain vasculature as an example. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Highlights

Simulated, experimental, and augmented datasets provide an alternative to overcome the lack of segmentation gold standards and phantom models for zebrafish cerebrovascular segmentation.

Direct generalization of a segmentation approach to the data for which it was not optimized (e.g., different transgenics or antibody stainings) should be treated with caution.

Comparison of different deep learning segmentation methods can be used to assess their applicability to data. Here, we show that the zebrafish cerebral vasculature can be segmented with U‐Net–based architectures, which outperform SegNet architectures.
Shambhala‐2: A Protocol for Uniformly Shaped Harmonization of Gene Expression Profiles of Various Formats
Authors: Borisov Nicolas , Sorokin Maksim , Zolotovskaya Marianna , Borisov Constantin , Buzdin Anton
Published: May 2022

Uniformly shaped harmonization of gene expression profiles is central for the simultaneous comparison of multiple gene expression datasets. It is expected to operate with the gene expression data obtained using various experimental methods and equipment, and to return harmonized profiles in a uniform shape. Such uniformly shaped expression profiles from different initial datasets can be further compared directly. However, current harmonization techniques have strong limitations that prevent their broad use for bioinformatic applications. They can either operate with only up to two datasets/platforms or return data in a dynamic format that will be different for every comparison under analysis. This also does not allow for adding new data to the previously harmonized dataset(s), which complicates the analysis and increases calculation costs. We propose here a new method termed Shambhala‐2 that can transform multi‐platform expression data into a universal format that is identical for all harmonizations made using this technique. Shambhala‐2 is based on sample‐by‐sample cubic conversion of the initial expression dataset into a preselected shape of the reference definitive dataset. Using 8390 samples of 12 healthy human tissue types and 4086 samples of colorectal, kidney, and lung cancer tissues, we verified Shambhala‐2's capacity in restoring tissue‐specific expression patterns for seven microarray and three RNA sequencing platforms. Shambhala‐2 performed well for all tested combinations of RNAseq and microarray profiles, and retained gene‐expression ranks, as evidenced by high correlations between different single‐ or aggregated gene expression metrics in pre‐ and post‐Shambhalized samples, including preserving cancer‐specific gene expression and pathway activation features. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol: Shambhala‐2 harmonizer

Alternate Protocol 1: Linear Shambhala/Shambhala‐1

Alternate Protocol 2: Alternative (flexible‐format and uniformly shaped) normalization methods

Support Protocol 1: Watermelon multisection (WM)

Support Protocol 2: Calculation of cancer‐to‐normal log‐fold‐change (LFC) and pathway activation level (PAL)
Automated staining analysis in digital cytopathology and applications
Authors: Bouyssoux Alexandre , Jarnouen Kathleen , Lallement Laetitia , Fezzani Riadh , Olivo‐Marin Jean‐Christophe
Published: May 2022

The progress of digital pathology in recent years has been an opportunity for the development of automated image analysis algorithms for quantitative measurements and computer aided diagnosis. With those new methods comes the need for high staining quality and reproducibility, as image analysis tools are typically more sensible to slight stain variations than trained pathologists. This article presents a method for the automated analysis of cytology slides stains specifically adapted to the challenges encountered in digital cytopathology. In particular, the variety of cell types in cytology slides, the 3D distribution of the cellular material, the presence of superposed cells and the need for independent analysis of sub‐cellular compartments are addressed. The proposed method is applied to the quantification of staining variations for quality control, resulting from changes in the staining protocol such as reagent immersion time or a reagent change. Another demonstrated application is the selection of staining protocol parameters that maximize the visible details in nucleus. Finally the analysis pipeline is also used to compare different stain normalization algorithms on digital cytology slides. Code available at: https://gitlab.com/vitadx/articles/automated_staining_analysis.
Fulminant necrotizing eosinophilic myocarditis after COVID‐19 vaccination survived with mechanical circulatory support
Authors: Kimura Mitsukuni , Hashimoto Toru , Noda Eri , Ishikawa Yusuke , Ishikita Akihito , Fujino Takeo , Matsushima Shouji , Ide Tomomi , Kinugawa Shintaro , Nagaoka Kazuhiro , Ushijima Tomoki , Shiose Akira , Tsutsui Hiroyuki
Published: May 2022

A 69‐year‐old man was hospitalized for heart failure 7 days after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) mRNA vaccination. Electrocardiography showed ST‐segment elevation and echocardiography demonstrated severe left ventricular dysfunction. Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and Impella 5.0 were instituted because of cardiogenic shock and ventricular fibrillation. Endomyocardial biopsy demonstrated necrotizing eosinophilic myocarditis (NEM). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV2) PCR test was negative. He had no infection or history of new drug exposure. NEM was likely related to COVID‐19 vaccination. He was administered 10 mg/kg of prednisolone following methylprednisolone pulse treatment (1000 mg/day for 3 days). Left ventricular function recovered and he was weaned from mechanical circulatory support (MCS). Follow‐up endomyocardial biopsy showed no inflammatory cell infiltration. This is the first report of biopsy‐proven NEM after COVID‐19 vaccination survived with MCS and immunosuppression therapy. It is a rare condition but early, accurate diagnosis and early aggressive intervention can rescue patients.
Copper/Iodine‐Catalyzed Hydroxyamination of Alkenyl Keto Oximes Using DMSO as the Oxygen Atom Source and Medium
Authors: Yin Xiao‐Qiu , Deng Wei , Xiang Jian‐Nan
Published: May 2022

A new copper/I2‐catalyzed hydroxyamination of alkenes of unsaturated keto oximes with DMSO as the hydroxy oxygen atom source and medium for assembling 2‐(2‐hydroxyalkyl)‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐pyrrole 1‐oxides is described. Mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction is terminated by a single electron oxidation and subsequent nucleophilic reaction.
Improved Synthesis Strategy for N‐Methoxy‐1,3‐oxazinane Nucleic Acids (MOANAs)
Authors: Wallin Josefiina , Lönnberg Tuomas
Published: May 2022

Dependence of the hydrolysis rate of a series of N‐methoxy‐2‐phenyl‐1,3‐oxazinanes on the Hammett substituent constant of the substituent of the phenyl ring was determined, yielding a reaction constant ρ=−1.40±0.05. Based on this information, 4‐(benzoyloxy)benzaldehyde was selected as a protecting group for a new (2R,3S)‐4‐(methoxyamino)butane‐1,2,3‐triol phosphoramidite building block. The yield of the preparation of this building block as well as its coupling in automated oligonucleotide synthesis were greatly improved compared to the method reported previously. The 2‐[4‐(benzoyloxy)phenyl]‐1,3‐oxazine protection persisted throughout the synthesis of short oligonucleotides but was rapidly removed when the oligonucleotides were released from solid support and dissolved in water.
Effect of diagnostic labelling on management intentions for non‐specific low back pain: A randomized scenario‐based experiment
Authors: O'Keeffe Mary , Ferreira Giovanni E. , Harris Ian A. , Darlow Ben , Buchbinder Rachelle , Traeger Adrian C. , Zadro Joshua R. , Herbert Rob D. , Thomas Rae , Belton Joletta , Maher Chris G.
Published: May 2022

Background

Diagnostic labels may influence treatment intentions. We examined the effect of labelling low back pain (LBP) on beliefs about imaging, surgery, second opinion, seriousness, recovery, work, and physical activities.

Methods

Six‐arm online randomized experiment with blinded participants with and without LBP. Participants received one of six labels: ‘disc bulge’, ‘degeneration’, ‘arthritis’, ‘lumbar sprain’, ‘non‐specific LBP’, ‘episode of back pain’. The primary outcome was the belief about the need for imaging.

Results

A total of 1375 participants (mean [SD] age, 41.7 years [18.4 years]; 748 women [54.4%]) were included. The need for imaging was rated lower with the labels ‘episode of back pain’ (4.2 [2.9]), ‘lumbar sprain’ (4.2 [2.9]) and ‘non‐specific LBP’ (4.4 [3.0]) compared to the labels ‘arthritis’ (6.0 [2.9]), ‘degeneration’ (5.7 [3.2]) and ‘disc bulge’ (5.7 [3.1]). The same labels led to higher recovery expectations and lower ratings of need for a second opinion, surgery and perceived seriousness compared to ‘disc bulge’, ‘degeneration’ and ‘arthritis’. Differences were larger amongst participants with current LBP who had a history of seeking care. No differences were found in beliefs about physical activity and work between the six labels.

Conclusions

‘Episode of back pain’, ‘lumbar sprain’ and ‘non‐specific LBP’ reduced need for imaging, surgery and second opinion compared to ‘arthritis’, ‘degeneration’ and ‘disc bulge’ amongst public and patients with LBP as well as reducing the perceived seriousness of LBP and enhancing recovery expectations. The impact of labels appears most relevant amongst those at risk of poor outcomes (participants with current LBP who had a history of seeking care).
Lumped spring model parameters of RC frame elements for seismic performance assessment
Authors: Huang Xu , Kim Sang Hak , Kwon Oh‐Sung
Published: May 2022

This study presents lumped spring model parameters for nonlinear seismic analysis of reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures. The modified Ibarra‐Medina‐Krawinkler (M‐IMK) hysteresis model is used as a lumped spring to simulate the inelastic behaviour of a RC frame element. The influence of loading protocols on the calibration of model parameters is investigated and compared with other hysteresis models, such as the original IMK and Bouc‐Wen‐Baber‐Noori (BWBN) models. Less dependent on the loading protocol used for model identification, the parameters of the modified IMK hysteresis model are calibrated to model a database of 383 rectangular RC columns. To simplify the calibration process, the model parameters that define the monotonic response are determined based on code and empirical equations, while the parameters that control the hysteretic degradations are calibrated against the experimental results. The calibrated model parameters are used to develop regression equations for the model parameters based on physical variables, such as loading, dimensions, and material properties. It is found that the model parameters obtained from the experimental calibration and regression equations generate similar hysteresis curves. The performance of the lumped spring model to nonlinear time history analysis of RC structures subjected to earthquakes is also evaluated through a series of pseudo‐dynamic hybrid simulations.
A facile one‐step solution synthesis of Cs2SnI6−xBrx using less‐toxic methanol solvent for application in dye‐sensitized solar cells
Authors: Qamar Samina , Sultan Muhammad , Akhter Zareen , Ela Sule Erten
Published: May 2022

Cs2SnX6 (X = I, Br, and Cl), a vacancy‐ordered double perovskite, has recently emerged as a promising lead‐free perovskite for optoelectronic applications. The low quality of solution‐processed Cs2SnX6 perovskites, on the other hand, precludes further improvement of their performance in the devices. In this work, we developed a facile one‐step solution strategy for synthesizing high‐quality Cs2SnI6−xBrx material with the less‐toxic methanol solvent. A series of Cs2SnI6−xBrx perovskites was synthesized by carefully tuning each stage of the process and using thorough structural and optical characterizations as feedback. We identified two critical parameters that affect the quality of perovskite material through this detailed characterization: the reactant ratio and the annealing temperature. The optimal precursor ratio for the synthesized perovskite was determined to be 1:1 with an annealing temperature of 100°C. Leveraging this, we investigated the optimized perovskite material as a hole transport material (HTM) in a dye‐sensitized solar cell (ss‐DSSC) and achieved an outstanding PCE of 3.2% without using any modifiers. We envisage that our findings may open the door for the growth of nonhazardous synthesis approaches for Sn‐based optoelectronic devices.

Novelty Statement

The preparation methods and high costs associated with the organic HTMs and the use of toxic solvents are the major obstacles to developing efficient materials for photovoltaic applications. With the possibility of commercialization of solution‐processable solar cells, it is critical to find less hazardous perovskite formation approaches. Leveraging this, we developed a facile one‐step solution method and investigated the potential of Cs2SnI6−xBrx perovskite as a promising hole transport material (HTM) for solid‐state dye‐sensitized solar cell (ss‐DSSC).
Thermal decomposition behavior of ammonium perchlorate organic waste liquid by pyrolysis coupled with nonthermal plasma
Authors: Gao Ningbo , Ma Yan , Quan Cui , Wu Shixi , Ge Zhiqiang , Miskolczi Norbert
Published: May 2022

Thermal decomposition behavior of ammonium perchlorate organic waste liquid by pyrolysis coupled with nonthermal plasma has rarely been reported. This paper studies the effect of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma on ammonium perchlorate organic waste liquid. First, the ammonium perchlorate organic waste liquid was investigated by thermogravimetry, gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, and ion chromatography analyses and, then, was pyrolyzed in the two‐stage fixed bed reactor with plasma discharge device. At low temperature, the existence of DBD plasma had a good contribution to the gas production of raw liquid. The degradation rate of perchlorate reached 99%. While steam to oil ratio increased, the gas yield enhanced. The gas yield of raw liquid was 3.62 mmol g−1 with steam (only 0.67 mmol g−1 without steam). The hydrogen concentration is about 40% at different temperatures and gas can be used as syngas to achieve low carbon emission and for energy saving.
Analysis and assessment of a novel organic flash Rankine cycle (OFRC) system for low‐temperature heat recovery
Authors: Wang Qi , Macián‐Juan Rafael , Li Dantong
Published: May 2022

In this paper, a novel organic flash Rankine cycle (OFRC) system for low‐temperature heat recovery is analyzed and optimized using the 3E (energy, exergy, and economic) analysis method and particle swarm optimization algorithm, respectively. Five environmentally friendly organic fluids and three typical heat source conditions are simultaneously discussed during the parametric analysis and optimization process, to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the thermo‐economic characteristics of this novel system. The main analysis results show that the biggest exergy loss of the OFRC system is caused by the condenser, followed by the evaporator. About 70% of the specific power cost is caused by the capital investment of the system, and more than 60% of the capital investment is spent on purchasing the high‐pressure and low‐pressure expanders. Under the same operating conditions, the working fluids with high critical temperatures can achieve higher cycle thermal efficiency and lower specific power costs than those with low critical temperatures. The optimization results show that the OFRC system is able to achieve a better thermodynamic performance than the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) and organic flash cycle (OFC) systems, and when the heat source's inlet temperature is set to 100°C, 120°C, and 140°C, R245fa, R290, and R152a are, respectively, recommended as the best working fluid for the OFRC system. Besides this, it is found that the OFC system has the worst thermo‐economic performance, and the ORC system can achieve the lowest specific power cost. A new finding is that, for all three systems, the higher the critical temperature of the working fluid, the lower the specific power cost of the system.
Bipolar fuzzy information‐based PROMETHEE‐based outranking scheme for mitigating vampire attack in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Arunachalam Rajesh , Perumal Esther Rani
Published: May 2022

The sensor nodes comprising sensing devices, small processing units, and battery, cooperate in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for gathering potential factors that aids in achieving significant decision‐making processes in deployed applications. WSNs are vulnerable to security threats due to their open nature, availability characteristics, and lack of energy, resulting in a diversified number of security attacks. Among the security attacks, vampire attack is the serious threat as they drain the energy of nodes, which in turn crumbles the network lifetime and energy stability in WSNs. In this article, Bi‐Polar Information‐Based Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment of Evaluations (PROMETHEE)‐based outranking scheme is proposed for detecting and isolating vampire attacks to improve throughput with minimized energy consumptions and delay for prolonging lifetime. This proposed BPFI‐POR scheme used bipolar information that facilitates an asymmetrical association between two decision making factors that influences the discrimination and selection of genuine nodes from vampire nodes during the routing process. It aids in characterizing precise and vague information through bipolar fuzzy linguistic terms that has the maximized probability of being represented as trapezoidal bipolar fuzzy numbers. It estimated the cooperation of intermediate sensor nodes' based on trapezoidal bipolar fuzzy numbers for determining their preference or selection using criteria that could be influenced during the routing process. It also used the ranking function for accessing the alternatives through crisp real preferences with entropy weighting information responsible for attributes weight computation. The simulation results of the BPFI‐POR scheme confirmed better throughput, detection time with minimized energy consumptions and latency on par with the competitive algorithms.
Precise knowledge of commodity trade is needed to understand invasion flows
Authors: Ollier Sébastien , Bertelsmeier Cleo
Published: May 2022

Globalization has led to the unintentional movement of thousands of species around the world, necessitating a better understanding of how species are spread by international trade to prevent new invasions. However, to date, the evidence implicating global trade in intercontinental species flows has been mixed. Here, we show that commonly used proxies of global trade, such as general and agricultural imports, fail to explain the invasion flows of alien ants from donor regions to the continental US. Analysis of 97 individual commodity flows revealed instead that plant and fruit imports – a small subset of all agricultural commodities – were primarily associated with invasion flows of ants. The transport patterns of all 95 other commodities, including most “agricultural” commodities, differed from those of alien ants. Our findings highlight the need to determine precisely which commodities serve as introduction pathways for a particular taxon in order to account for invasion flows and identify likely source regions of future invasions in a world of evolving trade relationships.
An optimization‐based CCUS source‐sink matching model for dynamic planning of CCUS clusters
Authors: Wu Qian , Lin Qianguo , Yang Qiang , Li Yang
Published: May 2022

Carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) is a critical technology option in achieving large‐scale CO2 mitigation for power and industrial sectors. A full‐chain CCUS cluster could be formed based on numerous scattered capture sources and one or more storage sites connected by a pipeline network. Reasonable source‐sink matching planning for a full‐chain CCUS cluster could substantially reduce the system overhead. However, most of the previous studies could hardly address the dynamic source‐sink matching planning problem of a full‐chain CCUS cluster with multiple types of emission sources and sinks during multiple periods. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate an optimized source‐sink matching scheme within a CCUS cluster through developing an optimization‐based CCUS source‐sink matching model. The proposed model is based on multistage mixed integer linear programming techniques with the objective of least‐cost strategy; thus, it can deal with dynamics of capacity expansion associated with CCUS activities. The developed method is then applied to a CCUS cluster facing long‐term dynamic planning issues. The modeling results suggest that the optimization‐based CCUS source‐sink matching model is applicable in reflecting dynamics of time, scale and location of CO2 capture, transportation and storage within a CCUS cluster. The obtained solutions can provide decision bases for formulating an optimal planning scheme of a full‐chain CCUS cluster under evolving reduction targets or constraints. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rural credit and agricultural production: Empirical evidence from Brazil
Authors: Nascimento Daniel Henrique , Carrasco‐Gutierrez Carlos Enrique , Schneid Tessmann Mathias
Published: May 2022

This article examines the long‐ and short‐run effects of rural credit on the gross value added of agricultural output in Brazil. We apply the dynamic vector error correction model (VECM) to the estimation and testing. The main finding is that there is a positive long‐run relationship between agricultural sector production and loans from financial institutions to the agricultural sector. The long‐run elasticity estimated was 0.44, implying that an increase of 1% in rural credit leads to a 0.44% increase in the agricultural sector's GDP. This result supports the policy of rural credit as a crucial institutional instrument to strengthen the agricultural sector and as an important factor to boost the country's economic growth.
Barriers to the implementation of quality maternal death reviews in health districts in Burkina Faso
Authors: Congo Boukaré , Yaméogo Wambi M.E. , Millogo Tieba , Compaoré Rachidatou , Tougri Halima , Ouédraogo Charlemagne M.R. , Kouanda Seni
Published: May 2022

Objective

To identify barriers to the implementation of maternal death reviews in health districts in Burkina Faso.

Methods

We conducted a multiple case study in seven health facilities chosen by contrasted purposive sampling. Sampling criteria were based on intrahospital maternal mortality rates and the location of the health facility. Data collection was conducted from April 27 to May 30, 2015, using structured and semistructured interviews and data extraction from source documents. Data were analyzed using a thematic approach.

Results

Barriers to quality maternal death reviews identified were primarily implementation conditions, including poor skills and motivation of healthcare personnel, low interest in quality of care, lack of suitable equipment, insufficient coordination and collaboration between health services, insufficient monitoring, and weakness in programming and conducting the reviews.

Conclusion

Barriers to achieving quality maternal death reviews remain numerous at the operational level of the health system. Taking steps to remove these barriers is key to improving the quality of maternal death reviews and childbirth outcomes in Burkina Faso.
Safe recovery after cesarean in rural Africa: Technical consensus guidelines for post‐discharge care
Authors: Kateera Fredrick , Hedt‐Gauthier Bethany , Luo Amy , Niyigena Anne , Galvin Grace , Hakizimana Sadoscar , Molina Rose L. , Boatin Adeline A. , Kasonde Prisca , Musabeyezu Juliet , Ngonzi Joseph , Riviello Robert , Semrau Katherine , Sayinzoga Félix
Published: May 2022

Despite increasing cesarean rates in Africa, there remain extensive gaps in the standard provision of care after cesarean birth. We present recommendations for discharge instructions to be provided to women following cesarean delivery in Rwanda, particularly rural Rwanda, and with consideration of adaptable guidelines for sub‐Saharan Africa, to support recovery during the postpartum period. These guidelines were developed by a Technical Advisory Group comprised of clinical, program, policy, and research experts with extensive knowledge of cesarean care in Africa. The final instructions delineate between normal and abnormal recovery symptoms and advise when to seek care. The instructions align with global postpartum care guidelines, with additional emphasis on care practices more common in the region and address barriers that women delivering via cesarean may encounter in Africa. The recommended timeline of postpartum visits and visit activities reflect the World Health Organization protocols and provide additional activities to support women who give birth via cesarean. These guidelines aim to standardize communication with women at the time of discharge after cesarean birth in Africa, with the goal of improved confidence and clinical outcomes among these individuals.
Disruption of the MICOS complex leads to an aberrant cristae structure and an unexpected, pronounced lifespan extension in Podospora anserina
Authors: Warnsmann Verena , Marschall Lisa‐Marie , Meeßen Anja C. , Wolters Maike , Schürmanns Lea , Basoglu Marion , Eimer Stefan , Osiewacz Heinz D.
Published: May 2022

Mitochondria are dynamic eukaryotic organelles involved in a variety of essential cellular processes including the generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reactive oxygen species as well as in the control of apoptosis and autophagy. Impairments of mitochondrial functions lead to aging and disease. Previous work with the ascomycete Podospora anserina demonstrated that mitochondrial morphotype as well as mitochondrial ultrastructure change during aging. The latter goes along with an age‐dependent reorganization of the inner mitochondrial membrane leading to a change from lamellar cristae to vesicular structures. Particularly from studies with yeast, it is known that besides the F1Fo‐ATP‐synthase and the phospholipid cardiolipin also the “mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system” (MICOS) complex, existing of the Mic60‐ and Mic10‐subcomplex, is essential for proper cristae formation. In the present study, we aimed to understand the mechanistic basis of age‐related changes in the mitochondrial ultrastructure. We observed that MICOS subunits are coregulated at the posttranscriptional level. This regulation partially depends on the mitochondrial iAAA‐protease PaIAP. Most surprisingly, we made the counterintuitive observation that, despite the loss of lamellar cristae and of mitochondrial impairments, the ablation of MICOS subunits (except for PaMIC12) leads to a pronounced lifespan extension. Moreover, simultaneous ablation of subunits of both MICOS subcomplexes synergistically increases lifespan, providing formal genetic evidence that both subcomplexes affect lifespan by different and at least partially independent pathways. At the molecular level, we found that ablation of Mic10‐subcomplex components leads to a mitohormesis‐induced lifespan extension, while lifespan extension of Mic60‐subcomplex mutants seems to be controlled by pathways involved in the control of phospholipid homeostasis. Overall, our data demonstrate that both MICOS subcomplexes have different functions and play distinct roles in the aging process of P. anserina.
Implant site development requirements in an advanced dental education program: A series of 290 implants
Authors: Muñoz Sergio , Johnson Thomas M. , Dutner Joseph M. , Lancaster Douglas D. , Lincicum Adam R. , Stancoven Brian W.
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Our purpose was to assess the frequency and impact of various site development procedures provided before, during, and after implant placement in an advanced dental education program.

Methods

We evaluated all implant cases completed by two residents in each of three consecutive periodontics residency classes. Dependent variables included implant failure, complication occurrence, presence of radiographic bone loss, and need for tissue augmentation. We analyzed these outcomes against a panel of explanatory covariates.

Results

Our study sample involved 370 site development procedures at 290 implant sites in 160 patients. Three factors exhibited statistically significant associations with need for tissue augmentation: alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) (odds ratio [OR] 0.28; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.13, 0.57), immediate implant placement (IIP) (OR 0.21; 95% CI 0.10, 0.47), and implant submergence (OR 8.3; 95% CI 4.5, 15.3). Four factors predicted treatment complications: ARP (OR 6.1; 95% CI 1.3, 29.1), IIP (OR 6.1; 95% CI 1.06, 35.3), implant submergence (OR 5.3; 95% CI 1.1, 24.9), and mandibular arch (OR 31.3; 95% CI 1.9, 500). Anterior sites (OR 2.7; 95% CI 1.3, 5.8) were more likely to receive IIP.

Conclusions

In the evaluated sample, implant placement at a site exhibiting a favorable volume of native bone was rare. Seventy‐eight percent of sites received hard tissue grafting during the treatment phase. The use of ARP or IIP at tooth extraction reduced subsequent tissue augmentation requirements. Education and training in ARP and other site development procedures may enhance the clinical practice and treatment outcomes of implant surgeons.
Exploring a brief medical improvisational performing arts intervention for genetic counseling graduate students
Authors: Li Weilong , Scherr Courtney L. , Fenter Remington B. , Watson Katie L. , Wicklund Catherine A.
Published: May 2022

Psychosocial counseling is the foundation of genetic counseling. Genetic counseling students are required to receive in‐depth training on psychosocial counseling techniques. In other medical disciplines, “medical improv,” an educational method derived from improvisational theatre, has been used to allow trainees to practice clinical skills without also having to focus on medical knowledge they've not yet mastered. The present study aims to investigate the acceptability of medical improv as an educational tool for genetic counseling students. Fourteen genetic counseling students and new genetic counselors completed a 2‐hr medical improv workshop and participated in follow‐up interviews to discuss the workshop. Participants’ responses to the intervention were positive, with 92.9% of participants responding that they would recommend medical improv training to other genetic counseling students. Participants described the medical improv workshop as helping build psychosocial skills in a safe environment, which may facilitate the use of more advanced counseling skills in clinical situations. By training students to practice psychosocial skills and building students’ confidence, medical improv may help genetic counseling students and genetic counselors be more effective in challenging clinical situations, and to feel more comfortable in experimenting with new ideas and psychosocial techniques in their clinical practice.
South Korean counselors’ perceived multicultural counseling competence: Relationship with openness to experience, perceived general counseling competence, and multicultural counseling education/practice
Authors: Kim Minjeong , Cho Hwa Jin
Published: May 2022

This study investigated variables related to the perceived multicultural counseling competence (MCC) of South Korean counselors. The relationship between perceived MCC and demographic information was explored, and effects of openness to experience, general counseling competence, and multicultural counseling education/practice on perceived MCC were examined.  Results revealed no relationship with demographic information and perceived MCC and significant effects of general counseling competence and multucultural counseling education/practice on perceived MCC. Implications for multicultural counseling training and future research are discussed.
COVID salivary diagnostics: A comparative technical study
Authors: Nguyen‐Kim Hanh , Beckmann Christiane , Redondo Maurice , Ziliox Jérémy , Vallet Virginie , Berger‐Sturm Karin , Overbeck Jan Von , Alberi Auber Lavinia
Published: May 2022

Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, molecular diagnostics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) have taken center stage in the detection of infected individuals for isolation purposes but also in the mass surveillance as a preventive strategy to contain the virus spread. While nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) have remained the golden standard substrate, salivary diagnostic for SARS‐CoV‐2 has been proposed as an alternative and noninvasive measure in vulnerable individuals. Nevertheless, there is a widespread assumption that salivary reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) does not match the quality of testing using NPS and particular care should be taken in respect to food or beverage intake, when sampling saliva. Our study indicates that without any precaution in the selection of 190 patients, nor restriction over the time window of sampling, there is 99% match in the COVID‐19 positivity between NPS and saliva when using RT‐PCR, with a reported Delta in thermal cycles (Cts) values for the viral genes Envelope (E) and Open reading frame 1ab (Orf1ab) between 0 and 2, a 98.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity. This high accuracy is maintained in pooling configurations that can be used for mass‐testing purposes in professional and educational settings. The further advantage to using crude saliva as compared to NPS or mouthwash is that direct methods yield robust results. Overall, our study validates and promotes the use of salivary diagnostic for COVID‐19 eliminating the need of a medical practitioner for the sampling, resolving the unpleasantness of the NPS intervention and empowering the patient to do self‐testing in times of need.
Direction of non‐recoverable strain in the glenohumeral capsule following multiple anterior dislocations: Implications for anatomic Bankart repair
Authors: Takenaga Tetsuya , Yoshida Masahito , Chan Calvin K. , Musahl Volker , Debski Richard E. , Lin Albert
Published: May 2022

The study aimed to analyze the direction of non‐recoverable strain and determine the optimal direction for anatomic capsular plication within four sub‐regions of the inferior glenohumeral capsule following multiple dislocations. Seven fresh‐frozen cadaveric shoulders were dissected. A grid of strain markers was affixed to the inferior glenohumeral capsule. Each joint was mounted in a 6‐degree‐of‐freedom robotic testing system and repeatedly dislocated in the anterior direction 10 times at 60° of abduction and 60° of external rotation of the glenohumeral joint. The 3D positions of the strain markers were compared before and after dislocations to define the non‐recoverable strain. The strain map was divided into four sub‐regions. The angles of deviation between each maximum principle strain vector and the anterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament (AB‐IGHL) or posterior band of the IGHL (PB‐IGHL) for the anterior and posterior regions of the capsule were determined. The mean direction of all strain vectors in each sub‐region was categorized. The direction of the non‐recoverable strain in the anterior‐band and anterior‐axillary‐pouch sub‐regions was categorized as parallel to the AB‐IGHL, whereas the posterior‐axillary‐pouch and posterior‐band sub‐regions were mostly perpendicular to the PB‐IGHL. Clinical Significance: Plication of the anteroinferior capsule parallel to the AB‐IGHL may be preferred during arthroscopic Bankart repair to restore anatomy; posteroinferior capsular plication may also be necessary and best performed perpendicular to the PB‐IGHL. The direction of the capsular injury remains the same irrespective of the number of dislocations. This study provides the scientific and quantitative rationale for an anatomic approach to capsular plication.
Implementation of a best‐practice guideline: Early enteral nutrition in a neuroscience intensive care unit
Authors: Barhorst Sunshine , Prior Richard M. , Kanter Daniel
Published: May 2022

Current evidence suggests that early enteral nutrition is a best practice and leads to improved clinical outcomes. An evidence‐based practice project was implemented in a busy neurointensive care unit in a midwestern tertiary care facility that was designed to improve care by implementing the early nutrition portion of Guidelines for the Provision and Assessment of Nutrition Support Therapy in the Adult Critically Ill Patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine and the American Society for Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition. The Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario's (RNAO) Toolkit: Implementation of Best Practice Guidelines (BPGs) was selected and followed to guide implementation and achieve optimal results. During a 90‐day implementation period, this project resulted in a 100% improvement in early nutrition. Interventions included the use of a series of cards that reminded the team to order enteral nutrition and prepacked bundles of nasogastric tube supplies. The RNAO toolkit served as a structured and effective step‐by‐step methodology for the implementation of a BPG.
Analysis of transition from intravenous iron sucrose to ferric carboxymaltose infusions in pediatric patients with intestinal failure
Authors: Kaenkumchorn Tanyaporn K. , Rosete Beatrice E. , Carlin Kristen , Fukasawa Shiho , Horslen Simon P. , Wendel Danielle
Published: May 2022

Background

Iron supplementation is required for pediatric patients with intestinal failure (IF). There is a paucity of literature on optimal iron formulation and outcomes in this patient population that requires ongoing supplementation. The aim of this study was to assess outcomes in pediatric patients with IF receiving iron sucrose (IS) vs ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) iron infusions.

Methods

This was a single‐center observational cohort study of pediatric patients with IF requiring ongoing intravenous iron supplementation. Patients were transitioned from IS to FCM as iron therapy. Longitudinal linear mixed‐effects models and generalized estimating equations were used to compare outcomes, including hematologic, iron, and growth parameters for 12‐month treatment duration on each iron formulation. Adverse effects were descriptively summarized.

Results

Twenty‐three patients were included. Sixteen received IS and later switched to FCM, five received IS only, and two received FCM only. Most patients' etiology of IF was short bowel syndrome (FCM: 81%, IS: 83%). No differences were seen over time for iron, hematologic, and growth metrics between IS and FCM. The median number of infusions over 12 months for those taking IS was 15 (interquartile range [IQR] = 13–26) and 2 for FCM (IQR = 1–2). Asymptomatic hypophosphatemia was noted in both groups. Similar central line–associated bloodstream infection rates were noted.

Conclusion

IS and FCM infusions both maintained hematologic and iron parameters with no significant difference noted between the two types of iron, though the number of FCM infusions was significantly less. No significant adverse effects were noted.