bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Current trends in budget and legal regulation
Authors: Dmytryk Olga , Tokarieva Kateryna
Published: December 2021

Problem setting. Nowadays Ukrainian society is in a state of permanent transformation, due to many factors, among which it is possible to designate both European integration and digitalization processes, which currently have a very intense impact on various spheres of life. New ones are accepted, as well as numerous changes to existing regulatory acts governing various kinds of relations. Not an exception are budget relations, which are transformed under the influence of objective and subjective factors. In this swirl of events of particular importance, the problem of quality of those normative changes that are initiated by the subjects of the legislative initiative today becomes a problem. The fact is that the effectiveness of the legal regulation, the effectiveness of its action, the successful implementation of the tasks for which such a normative legal act was created depends on how much normative legal acts or changes to it will be of high quality. A particularly significant problem is the need to ensure the financing of budget expenditures, the fulfillment of budget obligations in crisis conditions.

As it is seen, the subjects of the legislative initiative do not have time or do not know how to deeply study the problems posed to the solution, and since then they set incorrect tasks for changing approaches to the modern regulation of budgetary legal relations, the implementation of which is not able to ensure their practical implementation.

The purpose of the article is to study modern trends in budgetary and legal regulation in Ukraine.

Article’s main body. The presented publication focuses on the study of modern innovations in the field of budgetary and legal regulation. It is emphasized that in the present, the problem of quality of those normative changes initiated by the subjects of the legislative initiative becomes of particular importance. It is emphasized that the introduction of modern technologies in the conditions of digitalization of all spheres of public life, including in the sphere of budgetary and legal regulation, is positive. At the same time, for their effective implementation, it is necessary to systematically approach the solution of this issue and develop proposals for changes and additions in a number of articles of the Budget Code of Ukraine. The authors stated the inappropriacy of expanding the list of articles of certain normative legal acts, whose financing is dependent on the discretion of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, taking into account the availability of financial resources of state and local budgets and the budget of mandatory state social insurance.

Conclusions. Based on the analysis, we conclude that any changes to the legislation, especially in the field of public finance, should be constructive and contribute to the achievement of the goal of their implementation in law enforcement. At the same time, any legislative innovations should be complex and comply with generally accepted rules and standards of rule-making technique.
Administrative and judicial remedies of EU on civil servants’ rights protection
Authors: Maryniv Ivanna , Kotenko Andriy
Published: December 2021

Problem setting. The modern pandemic reality makes all the citizens of the European Union vulnerable, especially in terms of employment and employment disputes. European civil service framework has been existing for more than 50 years, but until now some fundamental issues need to be tackled. Transparency is what the international community is striving for nowadays. The numerous tools for legal protection available to the EU servants offer completely different solutions to the one problem. Therefore, it is crucial to maintain the sound practice, according to the principle of sustainable development. The problems of the pre-trial administrative disputes resolution are questioning the mere ability of this mechanism to provide protection impartially and within sound terms. On the one hand, European Court of Justice stands as an effective remedy, which compensates the drawbacks of administrative way of rights protection. But on the other hand, the European Ombudsman institute shows, that both of the aforementioned remedies are not capable of giving up-to-date protection to the EU servants. That’s why substantial changes in this framework are needed, including reconsideration of the procedure of appeals prescribed under the Council of the EU Staff Regulation.

Target of research is to evaluate the effectiveness of each of the remedies available to the EU servants for today in the EU acquis framework.

Article’s main body. The article is devoted to the research of administrative and judicial means of remedies available to the EU servants. The analysis of the Court of Justice of the European Union case practice has been conducted. The procedure of resolution of administrative disputes between the EU servants and the EU institutions via the European Ombudsman institute has been investigated. The analysis of disputes concerning the protection of EU servants’ rights within the administrative framework within the institutions has been carried out.

Conclusions. After analyzing various types of remedies on the protection of civil servants’ rights, a couple of issues to tackle has been revealed. The administrative remedies under Staff Regulations of the Council are not transparent enough to consider them sufficient for being the main way of protecting Staff rights prescribed in the Regulation. The European Ombudsman, along with judicial practice of the Court of Justice of the European Union might be the relief for the institutional mechanism of civil servants rights protection due to the strategic investigations the European Ombudsman is capable to undertake. Further recap of the administrative means of remedies available under the Staff Regulation is explicitly urgent to conduct as soon as possible.
Stud Pose Detection Based on Photometric Stereo and Lightweight YOLOv4
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Wang Guohui
Published: December 2021

There are hundreds of welded studs in a car. The posture of a welded stud determines the quality of the body assembly thus affecting the safety of cars. It is crucial to detect the posture of the welded studs. Considering the lack of accurate method in detecting the position of welded studs, this paper aims to detect the weld stud’s pose based on photometric stereo and neural network. Firstly, a machine vision-based stud dataset collection system is built to achieve the stud dataset labeling automatically. Secondly, photometric stereo algorithm is applied to estimate the stud normal map which as input is fed to neural network. Finally, we improve a lightweight YOLOv4 neural network which is applied to achieve the detection of stud position thus overcoming the shortcomings of traditional testing methods. The research and experimental results show that the stud pose detection system designed achieves rapid detection and high accuracy positioning of the stud. This research provides the foundation combining the photometric stereo and deep learning for object detection in industrial production.
Природные полиацетиленовые соединения (классификация, биогенез, идентификация, распространение)
Authors: Konovalov D. A.
Published: December 2021

В монографии приводится обзор нового для фармакогнозии и фармакологии класса природных веществ — полиацетиленовых соединений. Более 2000 полиацетиленов известны сегодня. Спектр их биологической активности варьирует от ярко выраженных ядов до компонентов растений, отдельные части которых широко используют в пищу. Эти веществ синтезируются растениями de novo как фитоалексины, являясь частью их химической защиты. В книге большое место уделено ацетиленам и близким к ним веществам, обнаруженным в представителях семейства астровых, как продуктов биосинтеза растений, их хемотаксономическому значению. Монография предназначена для биологов, ботаников, фармакогностов, может быть использована в научно-исследовательской работе студентов, аспирантов; представляет интерес и для широкого круга читателей: всех, кого интересует область изучения биологически активных соединений растений.
Хемотаксономическое изучение некоторых видов семейства астровых
Authors: Konovalov D. A.
Published: December 2021

В монографии представлен критический обзор методов хемотаксономического анализа, используемых в ботанической систематике и фармакогнозии, а также результаты многолетних исследований автора в области изучения азуленовых, сесквитерпеновых и полиацетиленовых соединений в видах отдельных родов (Achillea, Artemisia) семейства астровых (Asteraceae). Изучена возможность использования программ компьютерного моделирования для прогноза цитостатической активности сесквитерпеновых лактонов. Монография предназначена для провизоров, врачей, может быть использована в научно-исследовательской работе студентов, аспирантов; представляет интерес и для широкого круга читателей: всех, кого интересует область изучения биологически активных соединений растений.
Laboratory Parameters of Bone Metabolism in Premature Infants and Children Born Using In Vitro Fertilization
Authors: Natalya A. Druzhinina Natalya A. , Merzlyakova Dinara R. , Vakhitova Gulnaz A. , Shangareeva Zilia А. , Khabibullina Aliya R. , Hafizova Naila R. , Shagarova Sania V.
Published: December 2021

Aim. To study the indicators of bone metabolism in premature babies born naturally and children born with IVF.
Material and methods. The premature babies’ study was conducted, they were divided into 4 groups: depending on the method of birth and weight: 1st-children born with IVF, with very low weight; the second group – similar to the first, but children with extremely low weight; the third – children with very low weight, born naturally, with ; the fourth – similar to the 3rd, but with extremely low weight. The level of calcium, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin and C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen was determined.
Results and discussion. Diagnosis of vitamin D deficiency is possible only by measuring certain biochemical parameters, primarily the levels of its metabolites in the blood. Clinical symptoms of vitamin D deficiency in the form of rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis and extra-skeletal manifestations as a result of this vitamin deficiency occur over a long period of time. The most informative indicator of the body’s vitamin D supply is the content of calcidiol [25 (OH)D] in both serum and blood plasma. Vitamin D deficiency was detected in more than half (67.7±4.8%) of premature newborns in the first year of life. It seemed that in premature babies born in different ways, vitamin D deficiency was noted in 8 %, insufficiency – in 67.7 %, and the normal content in 27.5 %. In children at an early age, there is a violation of bone metabolism (an increase in the level of calcium, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, on the one hand, and a decrease in the C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen, on the other). These changes were associated with the weight of children, while aggressive disorders were noted in children with extremely low weight. In premature infants (with a body weight of less than 1500 g), monitoring of the level of vitamin D in the blood and C-terminal telopeptides of type 1 collagen should be recommended.
Conclusion. Bone modeling has a great advantage due to the analysis of the blood serum biomarkers levels in premature infants, it enables to establish the features of osteogenesis.
Efficiency of Hardware and Software Systems in the Assessment of Psychophysiological State of Persons in Extreme Conditions Professions
Authors: Bragin Mikhail A. , Goloborodko Evgeny V. , Kotenko Natalya V. , Samoylov Alexander S. , Kalinina Maria Yu.
Published: December 2021

Aim. To determine the effectiveness of hardware and software complexes in assessing the psychophysiological state of persons in extreme conditions professions.
Material and methods. The post-hoc comparative analysis of sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of five hardware and software complexes was performed involving 459 patients of different medical and preventive care institutions that received the rehabilitation medical care. The simulation of altered reactivity in 6 athletes of cyclic kinds of sport was carried out within a daily experiment (5 men, mean age 21.1±0.7 years and one woman, 22 years; sport rank not lower than 1 senior degree). Psychophysiological testing was conducted at five time points using the following methods: hardware and software complex “Diamed-MBS”, ASD (Radix), Lusher colorchoice test (Radix), reaction to a moving object (Multipsychometer), static and dynamic tremorometry (Multipsychometer).
Results and discussion. The diagnostic effectiveness of these psychophysiological examination data automated processing complexes were determined by their informative value, the ability to recognize signs of the disease with a so-called reference or benchmark diagnosis. The highest indicators of sensitivity (82.5%), specificity (79.3%) and overall accuracy (80.6%) were found in the Diamed-MBS hardware and software complex. A tendency to decrease in the main indicators, such as heart rate, stress index, activity, well-being, working capacity with a minimum at 3:00-5:00 hours, was revealed. During the day, the possibility of the athletes’ psycho-emotionalstate dynamic assessment during the day (somatic and psychological components) was evaluated according to the parameters of heart rate variability, electrosomatography and bioelectrography. The dynamics of psychological and psychophysiological diagnostics indicators was of the multidirectional nature, which does not allow us to assert unequivocally about the negative impact of daily rhythms on the condition of athletes. All athletes showed negative results in one way or another at different intermediate diagnostic points, but by the end of the study they managed to compensate and reach the results of the primary diagnosis.
Conclusion. The diagnostic efficiency of complex screening diagnostics when using hardware and software complex “Diamed-MBS” is 80.6%, which is 25-35% higher than the same parameter for similar devices. No negative psychological and psychophysiological effects of stress stimulation on daily rhythms of athletes were defined.
Modern Approaches to Diagnostics and Correction of Aging Biomarkers
Authors: Gilmutdinova Ilmira R. , Kudryashova Irina S. , Kostromina Elena Yu. , Yakovlev Maksim Yu. , Yafarova Inessa Kh. , Gilmutdinov Rinat G. , Kaverina Irina A. , Ershov Anton V. , Isaev Andrey N. , Moskalev Alexey A.
Published: December 2021

From the biomedicine point of, view ageing is a natural process, characterized by a gradual decrease in the physiological integrity and adaptive abilities of the body, leading to a violation of its functions and an increase in the risk of death with age. Demographic aging of the population is a serious socio-economic problem, both in Russia and around the world. The main cellular and molecular signs of aging include genome instability, telomere shortening, epigenetic alterations, impaired proteostasis, impaired nutrient recognition, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular aging, the stem cell pool depletion and changes in intercellular interaction, extracellular matrix rigidity, as well as activation of retrotransposons and chronic inflammation. For these reasons, in modern healthcare, preventing premature aging and treating age-related diseases is becoming a priority task.
This review presents modern approaches to the quantitative assessment of the aging process using aging biomarkers as functional parameters reflecting the biological organism age at the molecular, cellular, and organismal levels. This work also considers the actual non-drug and drug interventions allowing to slow down the development of age-associated pathological processes, allowing you to increase the quality and duration of life.
İŞLETMELERDE DUYGUSAL ZEKANIN ROLÜ, ÖNEMİ VE POTANSİYELİ: UYGULAMALAR VE ÖRNEKLER
Authors: KOÇ Erdoğan
Published: December 2021

Bu kavramsal çalışmanın duygusal zekanın iş hayatında uygulanması konusunda yapılan çalışma sonuçları ve örnekleri bir araya getirerek araştırmacı ve uygulayıcılar için bütünsel bir başvuru eseri sunmaktır. Çalışmada temel hizmet sektörünün artan ülkelerin Gayrı Safi Milli Hasılaları içinde artan önemiyle birlikte duygusal zekanın işletmelerle olan ilişkisini ve bu hizmet sektöründe verimlilik ve etkinliğin artırılmasında duygusal zekanın rolü ve potansiyelini tartışmaktadır. Bu tartışmaların ışığında uygulayıcılara duygusal zekanın işletmelerde kullanılması ile ilgili tavsiyelerde bulunulmaktadır.
CONDITIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY INTEGRATION FOR SUSTAINABILITY: THE POLITICS of MULTIPLE DIVIDENDS at LOCAL GOVERNMENT LEVEL in TURKEY
Authors: ORHAN Gökhan
Published: December 2021

The interdependent nature of environmental problems entails a number of challenges for policy-makers. Although sustainability has been a major policy goal endorsed all around the world, environmental problems have “sustained” and have not sufficiently been resolved. Problems behind this partial failure partly stem from policy implementation in a multilevel and interdependent policy environment. Prevalence of institutionalised ideas and discourses on environment and development contribute to a pattern of path dependence, which contributes to problems in the integration of environmental concerns into other policy areas. This paper aims to focus on environmental policy integration (EPI), a widely recommended but rarely implemented policy principle and aims to identify conditions of EPI at local level climate governance in Turkey. Departing from successful EPI experiences of certain Turkish municipalities’, this paper describes the conditions of local level EPI in a single country case. The existence of multiple dividends, availability of technological fixes and involvement of international players contribute to attainment of EPI despite prevalence of institutionalised barriers.
Economic and mathematical models for forecasting the development of the space industry
Authors: Koshova Svitlana , Britchenko Igor , Bezpartochnyi Maksym
Published: December 2021

The article examines a problem relevant to the national security of the state, the possibility of applying economic and mathematical models to predict the prospects for the development of the space industry. In modern conditions the, space industry is seen as the basis for innovative development and economic security of the state, which is the driving force of economic development.

After all, in order to sustainably develop the economy and achieve the indicators planned by the government, it is necessary to have a clear idea of the mechanisms and function of the system as a whole and its individual parts.

That is why competent forecasting of the main indicators of the development of the space industry with the identification of key factors influencing it is especially relevant at the present stage. Forecasting of indicators, based on the construction of economic and mathematical models of industry development.

It is determined that the construction of this model begins with the development of a specification of the model, which includes a verbal description of the study, followed by a presentation of the process of its operation in the form of mathematical formulas. It is important to clearly formulate and define the problem, as well as to identify all the factors and patterns that characterize the functioning of the system. Economic and mathematical models can increase the efficiency of the planning system of the industry and increase the accuracy of the process of forecasting its development.

The successful development of the space industry today becomes a necessary condition for preserving national sovereignty both in the military-political aspect and in the field of information security.
Climate Change as a Challenge for the Economy
Authors: Momchilov Georgi
Published: December 2021

According to historical climatology, climate and climate change have always had an impact on human society. Anthropological climate change is happening fast and will indisputably affect the global economy for decades to come. This paper provides a review of the expectations of leading economists and organisations on the magnitude of this effect. It clarifies the different approaches used to quantify the future economic loss attributed to climate change. Despite the different approaches used, all the authors examined in the paper foresee a negative impact of the climate change on the global economy. The different approaches result in different predictions about the magnitude of the impact. The authors express similar positions about the geography of the damages that will be caused by the climate change. The most affected countries will be most likely those in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. A moral paradox arises that the least developed countries that are not at fault for anthropogenic climate change will have to carry the economic burden of its consequences.  The paper also suggests and compares a variety of measures that could be taken in order to adopt to and mitigate the negative impacts of climate change on the economies.
Formation of marketing strategies of enterprises in the market of logistics services in the context of world trends
Authors: Solidor Natalia , Verytelnyk Svetlana , Anikin Heorhii
Published: December 2021

The article considers the problems of formation of marketing strategies of enterprises in the market of logistics services in the context of global trends. It was carried out the analysis of global trends and the market of transport and logistics services of Ukraine. It was determined the contribution of the transport and logistics services sector to the economy of Ukraine. The volumes of the market of logistics services in Ukraine are analyzed and their dependence on tendencies of change of business activity in the industry, a situation in the field of foreign trade that is reflected in indicators of change of volume of the rendered transport services is introduced. It was divided the Ukrainian market of transport and logistics services into segments. It was determined the necessity of transformation of institutional support of its functioning in the direction of harmonization with European norms

Drivers of European integration for the Ukrainian logistics sector have been identified, which include the rapid development of e-commerce, the use of production technology "just in time" (JIT – just-in-time manufacturing) and migration.

The study analyzes the global trends in the development of logistics services and their impact on the principles of marketing strategies in the market of logistics services. It was substantiated the basic theoretical and methodical approaches to the formation of marketing strategies taking into account the specifics of the logistics services market. It was revealed the aspects and directions of realization of strategic development of logistics activity in the context of formation of marketing strategies in the field of logistics.
Competitiveness of EU Member States Regarding the Implementation of the Europe 2020 Strategy Assumptions
Authors: Walenia Alina
Published: December 2021

The Europe 2020 Strategy occupies a prominent place in the European Union's (EU) cohesion policy as a long-term programme for social and economic advancement. The main objective of the strategy is to implement the idea of smart, sustainable and inclusive development. An important priority implemented by EU countries in the context of implementing the assumptions of the Europe 2020 strategy is smart growth, i.e., the development of an economy based on knowledge and innovation. This requires significant spending on research and development and the use of mechanisms that enable the rapid transfer of theoretical knowledge into economic practice. The Europe 2020 strategy has set new targets for increasing competitiveness and accelerating the development of EU regions and countries. For all regions, including the economically weakest ones, the implementation of the Europe 2020 Strategy goals has been an important stimulus for the development and increase in competitiveness of EU regions. The decade just ending justifies carrying out assessments that must be intricately linked to the analysis of indicators set by the European Commission within the framework of the strategy's three priorities, i.e., smart, sustainable and inclusive development. The aim of the article is to assess the degree of implementation of the assumptions of the Europe 2020 Strategy in EU Member States. With the use of a synthetic indicator calculated using a multidimensional comparative analysis based on the Hellwig method, a ranking of EU countries, in terms of implementing the Europe 2020 Strategy assumptions, was established. The main indicators proposed by Eurostat for monitoring the Europe 2020 Strategy were applied for the assessment. As a result of the conducted research, conclusions were formulated regarding the importance of the Europe 2020 Strategy in the implementation of the cohesion policy principles in EU Member States. The research results show that the countries that have achieved the best results in the implementation of the assumptions of the Europe 2020 Strategy are also leaders in the ranking of competitiveness taking GDP per capita into account published by the European Commission.
Deeply Buried Nuclei in the Infrared-luminous Galaxies NGC 4418 and Arp 220. II. Line Forests at λ = 1.4–0.4 mm and Circumnuclear Gas Observed with ALMA
Authors: Sakamoto Kazushi , Martín Sergio , Wilner David J. , Aalto Susanne , Evans Aaron S. , Harada Nanase
Published: December 2021

We present the line observations in our Atacama Millimeter-Submillimeter Array imaging spectral scan toward three deeply buried nuclei in NGC 4418 and Arp 220. We cover 67 GHz in f
rest = 215–697 GHz at about 0.″2 (30, 80 pc) resolution. All the nuclei show dense line forests; we report our initial line identification using 55 species. The line velocities generally indicate gas rotation around each nucleus, tracing nuclear disks of ∼100 pc in size. We confirmed the counter-rotation of the nuclear disks in Arp 220 and that of the nuclear disk and the galactic disk in NGC 4418. While the brightest lines exceed 100 K, most of the major lines and many 13C isotopologues show absorption against even brighter continuum cores of the nuclei. The lines with higher upper-level energies, including those from vibrationally excited molecules, tend to arise from smaller areas, indicating radially varying conditions in these nuclei. The outflows from the two Arp 220 nuclei cause blueshifted line absorption below the continuum level. The absorption mostly has small spatial offsets from the continuum peaks to indicate the outflow orientations. The bipolar outflow from the western nucleus is also imaged in multiple emission lines, showing the extent of ∼1″ (400 pc). Redshifted line absorption against the nucleus of NGC 4418 indicates either an inward gas motion or a small collimated outflow slanted to the nuclear disk. We also resolved some previous confusions due to line blending and misidentification.
A Survey of Novae in M83
Authors: Shafter A. W. , Hornoch K. , Benáček J. , Galád A. , Janík J. , Juryšek J. , Kotková L. , Kurfürst P. , Kučáková H. , Kušnirák P. , Liška J. , Paunzen E. , Skarka M. , Škoda P. , Wolf M. , Zasche P. , Zejda M.
Published: December 2021

The results of the first synoptic survey of novae in the barred spiral and starburst galaxy, M83 (NGC 5236), are presented. A total of 19 novae and one background supernova were discovered during the course of a nearly 7 year survey comprised of over 200 individual nights of observation between 2012 December 12 and 2019 March 14. After correcting for the limiting magnitude and the spatial and temporal coverage of the survey, the nova rate in M83 was found to be R = 19+5
−3 yr−1. This rate, when normalized to the K-band luminosity of the galaxy, yields a luminosity-specific nova rate, ν

K
= 3.0+0.9
−0.6 × 10−10 yr −1
L
⊙,K
−1. The spatial distribution of the novae is found to be more extended than the overall galaxy light suggesting that the observed novae are likely dominated by a disk population. This result is consistent with the observed novae light curves, which reveals that the M83 novae are on average more luminous at maximum light and fade faster when compared with novae observed in M31. Generally, the more luminous M83 novae were observed to fade more rapidly, with the complete sample being broadly consistent with a linear maximum magnitude versus rate of decline relation.
Analysis of Magnetohydrodynamic Perturbations in the Radial-field Solar Wind from Parker Solar Probe Observations
Authors: Zhao S. Q. , Yan Huirong , Liu Terry Z. , Liu Mingzhe , Shi Mijie
Published: December 2021

We report analysis of sub-Alfvénic magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) perturbations in the low-β radial-field solar wind employing the Parker Solar Probe spacecraft data from 2018 October 31 to November 12. We calculate wavevectors using the singular value decomposition method and separate MHD perturbations into three eigenmodes (Alfvén, fast, and slow modes) to explore the properties of sub-Alfvénic perturbations and the role of compressible perturbations in solar wind heating. The MHD perturbations show a high degree of Alfvénicity in the radial-field solar wind, with the energy fraction of Alfvén modes dominating (∼45%–83%) over those of fast modes (∼16%–43%) and slow modes (∼1%–19%). We present a detailed analysis of a representative event on 2018 November 10. Observations show that fast modes dominate magnetic compressibility, whereas slow modes dominate density compressibility. The energy damping rate of compressible modes is comparable to the heating rate, suggesting the collisionless damping of compressible modes could be significant for solar wind heating. These results are valuable for further studies of the imbalanced turbulence near the Sun and possible heating effects of compressible modes at MHD scales in low-β plasma.
Mapping the Morphology and Kinematics of a Lyα-selected Nebula at z = 3.15 with MUSE
Authors: Sanderson Kelly N. , Prescott Moire K. M. , Christensen Lise , Fynbo Johan , Møller Palle
Published: December 2021

Recent wide-field integral-field spectroscopy has revealed the detailed properties of high-redshift Lyα nebulae, most often targeted due to the presence of an active galactic nucleus (AGN). Here, we use VLT/MUSE to resolve the morphology and kinematics of a nebula initially identified due to strong Lyα emission at z ∼ 3.2 (LABn06). Our observations reveal a two-lobed Lyα nebula, at least ∼173 pkpc in diameter, with a light-weighted centroid near a mid-infrared source (within ≈17.2 pkpc) that appears to host an obscured AGN. The Lyα emission near the AGN is also coincident in velocity with the kinematic center of the nebula, suggesting that the nebula is both morphologically and kinematically centered on the AGN. Compared to AGN-selected Lyα nebulae, the surface-brightness profile of this nebula follows a typical exponential profile at large radii (>25 pkpc), although at small radii, the profile shows an unusual dip at the location of the AGN. The kinematics and asymmetry are similar to, and the C iv and He ii upper limits are consistent with, other AGN-powered Lyα nebulae. Double-peaked and asymmetric line profiles suggest that Lyα resonant scattering may be important in this nebula. These results support the picture of the AGN being responsible for powering a Lyα nebula that is oriented roughly in the plane of the sky. Further observations will explore whether the central surface-brightness depression is indicative of either an unusual gas or dust distribution or variation in the ionizing output of the AGN over time.
Weak-lensing Mass Reconstruction of Galaxy Clusters with a Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Hong 홍 Sungwook E. 성욱 , Park Sangnam , Jee M. James , Bak Dongsu , Cha Sangjun
Published: December 2021

We introduce a novel method for reconstructing the projected matter distributions of galaxy clusters with weak-lensing (WL) data based on a convolutional neural network (CNN). Training data sets are generated with ray-tracing through cosmological simulations. We control the noise level of the galaxy shear catalog such that it mimics the typical properties of the existing ground-based WL observations of galaxy clusters. We find that the mass reconstruction by our multilayered CNN with the architecture of alternating convolution and trans-convolution filters significantly outperforms the traditional reconstruction methods. The CNN method provides better pixel-to-pixel correlations with the truth, restores more accurate positions of the mass peaks, and more efficiently suppresses artifacts near the field edges. In addition, the CNN mass reconstruction lifts the mass-sheet degeneracy when applied to our projected cluster mass estimation from sufficiently large fields. This implies that this CNN algorithm can be used to measure the cluster masses in a model-independent way for future wide-field WL surveys.
SALT3: An Improved Type Ia Supernova Model for Measuring Cosmic Distances
Authors: Kenworthy W. D. , Jones D. O. , Dai M. , Kessler R. , Scolnic D. , Brout D. , Siebert M. R. , Pierel J. D. R. , Dettman K. G. , Dimitriadis G. , Foley R. J. , Jha S. W. , Pan Y.-C. , Riess A. , Rodney S. , Rojas-Bravo C.
Published: December 2021

A spectral-energy distribution (SED) model for Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) is a critical tool for measuring precise and accurate distances across a large redshift range and constraining cosmological parameters. We present an improved model framework, SALT3, which has several advantages over current models—including the leading SALT2 model (SALT2.4). While SALT3 has a similar philosophy, it differs from SALT2 by having improved estimation of uncertainties, better separation of color and light-curve stretch, and a publicly available training code. We present the application of our training method on a cross-calibrated compilation of 1083 SNe with 1207 spectra. Our compilation is 2.5× larger than the SALT2 training sample and has greatly reduced calibration uncertainties. The resulting trained SALT3.K21 model has an extended wavelength range 2000–11,000 Å (1800 Å redder) and reduced uncertainties compared to SALT2, enabling accurate use of low-z I and iz photometric bands. Including these previously discarded bands, SALT3.K21 reduces the Hubble scatter of the low-z Foundation and CfA3 samples by 15% and 10%, respectively. To check for potential systematic uncertainties, we compare distances of low (0.01 < z < 0.2) and high (0.4 < z < 0.6) redshift SNe in the training compilation, finding an insignificant 3 ± 14 mmag shift between SALT2.4 and SALT3.K21. While the SALT3.K21 model was trained on optical data, our method can be used to build a model for rest-frame NIR samples from the Roman Space Telescope. Our open-source training code, public training data, model, and documentation are available at https://saltshaker.readthedocs.io/en/latest/, and the model is integrated into the sncosmo and SNANA software packages.
Hadron-quark Pasta Phase in Massive Neutron Stars
Authors: Ju Min , Hu Jinniu , Shen Hong
Published: December 2021

The structured hadron-quark mixed phase, known as the pasta phase, is expected to appear in the core of massive neutron stars. Motivated by the recent advances in astrophysical observations, we explore the possibility of the appearance of quarks inside neutron stars and check its compatibility with current constraints. We investigate the properties of the hadron-quark pasta phases and their influences on the equation of state (EOS) for neutron stars. In this work, we extend the energy minimization (EM) method to describe the hadron-quark pasta phase, where the surface and Coulomb contributions are included in the minimization procedure. By allowing different electron densities in the hadronic and quark matter phases, the total electron chemical potential with the electric potential remains constant, and local β equilibrium is achieved inside the Wigner–Seitz cell. The mixed phase described in the EM method shows the features lying between the Gibbs and Maxwell constructions, which is helpful for understanding the transition from the Gibbs construction to the Maxwell construction with increasing surface tension. We employ the relativistic mean-field model to describe the hadronic matter, while the quark matter is described by the MIT bag model with vector interactions. It is found that the vector interactions among quarks can significantly stiffen the EOS at high densities and help enhance the maximum mass of neutron stars. Other parameters like the bag constant can also affect the deconfinement phase transition in neutron stars. Our results show that hadron-quark pasta phases may appear in the core of massive neutron stars that can be compatible with current observational constraints.
Examining Flux Tube Interactions as a Cause of Sub-alfvénic Outflow
Authors: Unverferth John , Longcope Dana
Published: December 2021

In accepted models, magnetic tension drives reconnected magnetic flux away from the reconnection site at the local Alfvén speed. Numerous observational signatures of these outflows have been identified in solar flares, notable among them being supra-arcade downflows (SADs), almost none move at the Alfvén speed as predicted by models. Well-studied examples of SADs or SAD loops found in the flare of 2017 September 10 (SOL2017-09-10T15:35:00) move at a quarter or less of the expected Alfvén speed. Among those reasons posited to explain such discrepancies is the possibility that reconnected flux experiences a drag force during its outflow. Drag has not been included in previous reconnection models. Here, we develop the first such model in order to test the possibility that drag can explain sub-alfveńic reconnection outflows. Our model uses thin flux tube dynamics, previously shown to match features of flare observations other than outflow speed, including for the 2017 September 10 flare. We supplement the dynamics with a drag force representing the tube’s interaction with surrounding plasma through the formation of a wake. The wake’s width appears as a parameter in the force. We perform simulations, varying the drag parameter and synthesizing EUV observations, to test whether a drag force can produce a reasonable fit to observed features of the September 10 flare. We find that that slower retraction increases the brightness of emission and lowers the temperature of the synthetic plasma sheet. With proper choice of parameters the drag enables the simulation to agree reasonably with the observations.
The Sonora Substellar Atmosphere Models. II. Cholla: A Grid of Cloud-free, Solar Metallicity Models in Chemical Disequilibrium for the JWST Era
Authors: Karalidi Theodora , Marley Mark , Fortney Jonathan J. , Morley Caroline , Saumon Didier , Lupu Roxana , Visscher Channon , Freedman Richard
Published: December 2021

Exoplanet and brown dwarf atmospheres commonly show signs of disequilibrium chemistry. In the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) era, high-resolution spectra of directly imaged exoplanets will allow the characterization of their atmospheres in more detail, and allow systematic tests for the presence of chemical species that deviate from thermochemical equilibrium in these atmospheres. Constraining the presence of disequilibrium chemistry in these atmospheres as a function of parameters such as their effective temperature and surface gravity will allow us to place better constraints on the physics governing these atmospheres. This paper is part of a series of works presenting the Sonora grid of atmosphere models. In this paper, we present a grid of cloud-free, solar metallicity atmospheres for brown dwarfs and wide-separation giant planets with key molecular species such as CH4, H2O, CO, and NH3 in disequilibrium. Our grid covers atmospheres with T
eff ∈ [500 K, 1300 K], log g ∈ [3.0, 5.5] (cgs) and an eddy diffusion parameter of

log

K

zz

=

2
,
4

and 7 (cgs). We study the effect of different parameters within the grid on the temperature and composition profiles of our atmospheres. We discuss their effect on the near-infrared colors of our model atmospheres and the detectability of CH4, H2O, CO, and NH3 using the JWST. We compare our models against existing MKO and Spitzer observations of brown dwarfs and verify the importance of disequilibrium chemistry for T dwarf atmospheres. Finally, we discuss how our models can help constrain the vertical structure and chemical composition of these atmospheres.
Angular Momentum and Morphological Sequence of Massive Galaxies through Dark Sage
Authors: Porras-Valverde Antonio J. , Holley-Bockelmann Kelly , Berlind Andreas A. , Stevens Adam R. H.
Published: December 2021

We study the present-day connection between galaxy morphology and angular momentum using the Dark Sage semi-analytic model of galaxy formation. For a given stellar mass in the range 1010–1012
M
⊙, the model predicts that galaxies with more prominent disks exhibit higher stellar disk specific angular momentum (j
stellar,disk). However, when we include the gas in the disk, bulge-dominated galaxies have the highest total disk specific angular momentum (j
total,disk). We attribute this to a large contribution from an extended disk of cold gas in typical bulge-dominated galaxies. Note that while the specific angular momenta (j = J/M) of these disks are large, their masses (M) are negligible. Thus, the contribution of these disks to the total angular momentum of the galaxy is small. We also find the relationship between the specific angular momentum of the dark matter (j
dark matter) and morphology to be counterintuitive. Surprisingly, in this stellar mass range, not only do bulge-dominated galaxies tend to live in halos with higher j
dark matter than disk-dominated galaxies, but intermediate galaxies (those with roughly equal fractions of bulge and disk mass) have the lowest j
dark matter of all. Yet, when controlling for halo mass, rather than stellar mass, the relationship between j
dark matter and morphology vanishes. Based on these results, we find that halo mass—rather than angular momentum—is the main driver of the predicted morphology sequence in this high mass range. In fact, in our stellar mass range, disk-dominated galaxies live in dark matter halos that are roughly one-fifth the mass of their bulge-dominated counterparts.
Uncertainty Handling in Genetic Risk Assessment and Counseling
Authors: Auer Ekaterina , Luther Wolfram
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we consider genetic risk assessment and genetic counseling for breast cancer from the point of view of reliable uncertainty handling. In medical practice, there exist fairly accurate numerical tools predicting breast cancer (or gene mutation) probability based on such factors as the family history of a patient. However, they are too complex to be applied in normal doctors’ offices, so that several simplified, questionnaire-type support tools appeared. This process is highly affected by uncertainty. At the same time, reliability of test interpretations and counseling conclusions is especially important since they have direct influence on humans and their decisions. We show how expert opinions on mutation probabilities can be combined using the Dempster-Shafer theory. Based on multi-criteria binary decision trees and interval analysis, we combine the referral screening tool designed to determine patients at risk of breast cancer (and recommend genetic counseling or testing for them) with three further risk assessment tools available for this purpose. A patient’s confidence in the outcome of a genetic counseling session can be heightened by the proposed method since it combines different sources to provide score ranges leading to more information. Finally, based on this approach, a decision tree for assigning a risk category is proposed which enhances the existing methodology. The great impact of epistemic uncertainty is reflected through large overlapping intervals for the risk classes.
Reconnaissance de la parentalité d’accueil et débats sociaux
Authors: Neyrand Gérard
Published: December 2021

Le placement familial, en même temps qu’il met en place une parentalité d’accueil, la dénie, dans la mesure où notre système sociojuridique fonctionne sur l’exclusivité de la bifiliation et que le nouveau paradigme mis en place dans les années 1980 en protection de l’enfance privilégie le maintien des liens avec les parents d’origine. Pourtant, l’extrême diversité des situations des enfants placés demande à ce que soit reconnue l’importance des liens affectifs de l’enfant avec sa famille d’accueil et ce qui peut en découler pour certains en matière de filiation. L’approche en termes d’attachement, d’affiliation et de parentalité met en évidence la diversité et la complexité des situations et milite pour une reconfiguration du système normatif jusqu’alors en vigueur pour permettre que les évolutions récentes et celles à venir puissent plus facilement être mises en œuvre dans une société en pleine mutation.
Enjeux cliniques de l’accueil familial de la protection de l’enfant : pour une professionnalisation du dispositif
Authors: Escots Serge
Published: December 2021

L’accueil familial de la protection de l’enfant traverse une crise importante. Comprendre cette crise passe par l’analyse critique du dispositif d’Aide sociale à l’enfance dans lequel s’inscrit l’accueil familial. Les évolutions du métier d’assistant familial ont déstabilisé le dispositif lorsqu’elles n’ont pas été accompagnées par des transformations des organisations et des pratiques. La loi de 2016 qui réoriente la protection de l’enfance sur les besoins de l’enfant est une opportunité pour l’accueil familial. À partir de l’analyse critique des pratiques en protection de l’enfance, cet article propose les concepts de pourvoyance des besoins de l’enfant, de parentalité empêchée et de développement du pouvoir être parent pour penser les pratiques de l’accueil familial d’enfant.
Le placement familial : une institution contenante
Authors: Houzel Didier
Published: December 2021

Le placement d’un enfant en famille d’accueil doit se concevoir comme un acte complexe tenant compte de la souffrance de l’enfant, de la nature de ses troubles et des problèmes rencontrés par ses parents. Il ne peut se réduire à une solution de substitution ou d’attente, mais doit avoir l’ambition de promouvoir des changements dans le contexte de vie de l’enfant et dans son monde interne marqué par les traumatismes qu’il a subis et favoriser un processus dont la composante psychique répond à la fonction contenante décrite par le psychanalyste Wilfred Bion, qui s’exerce par un travail d’élaboration des messages conscients et inconscients émis par l’enfant. L’auteur, psychanalyste et pédopsychiatre, détaille les composantes de la fonction contenante  : sa composante de réceptivité psychique, qui permet d’être à l’écoute de la souffrance de l’enfant, et sa composante de transformation en quête de sens de ce qui a été reçu. Deux vignettes cliniques illustrent cette fonction contenante .
« Des cadavres dessous et dessus des fantômes » : combattants et insurgés au cimetière
Authors: Myoupo Magalie
Published: December 2021

Si le cimetière évoque la mort, c’est en invitant à regarder vers le passé ou, éventuellement, en rappelant au promeneur qui s’y perd sa fin inéluctable. Toutefois, d’un point de vue temporel, certains récits de bataille innovent. La mort n’y est plus ni un souvenir ni une promesse mais un évènement qui prend place dans ce lieu qu’on pourrait dire prédestiné. À travers l’étude d’une nouvelle de Léon Cladel et d’un poème de Victor Hugo extrait de La Légende des siècles , cet article rend compte de cette situation originale. Les combattants prêts à mourir sur le sol des morts activent une solidarité par-delà les mondes, solidarité à laquelle les deux auteurs rendent, chacun à leur façon, sa charge polémique.