bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristic Mode-Based Neutralization Line Design for MIMO Antenna
Authors: Sun Yitian , Tian Minmin , Cheng G. S.
Published: July 2022

Based on the theory of characteristic modes (TCMs), this paper proposes a systematic design procedure to guide the design of a neutralization line (NL) for a dual-band multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna to achieve high isolation. According to the direction of the current flow of significant characteristic modes, coupling and uncoupling modes are identified and a metal NL is appropriately designed to cancel the coupling modes. More specifically, it introduces new currents opposite in direction to the original coupling characteristic currents, thus reducing mutual coupling. Compared with the traditional NL design method, the proposed approach simplifies the optimization process and saves lots of optimal design time. As an illustration of the proposed design method, we design another dual-band antenna operating in the WLAN bands with a compact size of 50 mm × 48 mm × 0.8 mm and minimum edge‐to‐edge space between the radiating elements with 0.033λ0 of the lower band. The impedance bandwidths for S11 ≤ -10 dB are 0.42 GHz (2.27–2.69 GHz) and 0.24 GHz (5.6–5.84 GHz). A fabricated prototype shows good agreement between the measured and simulated results. The introduced NL improves the isolation degree by about 18 dB for the 5.8 GHz band, and the total efficiency of the antenna was also improved. In addition, the proposed antenna also has a low envelop correlation coefficient (ECC < 0.3), high diversity gains, and low total active reflection coefficient (TARC) in the frequency band of interest. Measurement results show that the proposed MIMO antenna system is suitable for WLAN applications.
[Retracted] Practice and Reflection on Piano Teaching Reform of Music Major in Colleges and Universities under Diversified Environment
Authors: Huang Ya
Published: July 2022

In order to further promote the innovative development of piano teaching of music major in colleges and universities under a diversified environment, we explore a modern piano teaching reform with distinctive innovative characteristics and strengthen the work needs of colleges and universities for the cultivation of comprehensive, practical, and high‐quality piano talents. This study deeply understands the current piano learning, curriculum teaching, and innovative practice of music majors in colleges and universities in the form of questionnaire and interview. On this basis, based on the summary of piano teaching methods, this paper puts forward a piano teaching curriculum system based on innovative development, hoping to provide reference and suggestions for the innovation, reform, and development of piano teaching of music majors in colleges and universities.
MaaS Bundling and Acceptance in the Pandemic Era: Evidence from Padua, Italy
Authors: Baldassa Andrea , Ceccato Riccardo , Orsini Federico , Rossi Riccardo , Gastaldi Massimiliano
Published: August 2022

Given the benefits both individuals and collectivity have achieved over the past few years thanks to Mobility-as-Service (MaaS) systems, various studies were conducted to predict the level of acceptance of MaaS bundles from different territorial scales and in different countries. Results obtained are in some cases contradictory. Literature is lacking in the study of small-to-medium-sized urban contexts and in the effects of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. This paper aims to understand (1) what factors influence respondents’ preferences between their usual transportation means and a possible MaaS alternative and (2) what leads a user to prefer one MaaS bundle to another. A logistic regression and a mixed logit model were developed to reach the two aims, respectively. These models were calibrated using questionnaires administered to employees of the Municipality of Padua, a medium-sized city in Italy. Aspects concerning the perception of health safety in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic were included in the analyses. In 37% of the cases, users stated they would be willing to adopt at least one of the proposed MaaS bundles. The results suggest that MaaS solutions can be a useful tool for managing mobility even in medium-sized cities, provided users’ biosecurity concerns are addressed by appropriate countermeasures.
CircIPO7 Promotes Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Metastasis and Cisplatin Chemoresistance by Facilitating YBX1 Nuclear Localization
Authors: Hong Xiaohong , Li Qian , Li Junyan , Chen Kailin , He Qingmei , Zhao Yuheng , Liang Yelin , Zhao Yin , Qiao Han , Liu Na , Ma Jun , Li Yingqin
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

Cisplatin-based chemotherapy effectively improves the distant-metastasis control in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), but approximately 30% of patients develop treatment failure due to chemoresistance. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.

Experimental Design:

Circular RNA (circRNA) sequencing data were used to identify metastasis-specific circRNAs and the expression of circIPO7 was validated in NPC tissues as well as NPC cell lines by qRT-PCR. The whole transcriptional profile upon circIPO7 knockdown was applied to explore the biological function and regulatory mechanism, which were further confirmed by in vitro and in vivo metastasis/chemosensitivity assays. We also evaluated the value of circIPO7 expression in predicting NPC metastasis and cisplatin chemoresistance by analyzing a cohort of 183 NPC patients.

Results:

In this study, circIPO7, a novel circRNA, is found to be specifically overexpressed in NPC patients with distant metastasis. Knockdown of circIPO7 in NPC cells suppresses their metastasis and increases sensitivity to cisplatin treatment in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, circIPO7 binds to Y-box binding protein-1 (YBX1) protein in the cytoplasm and facilitates its phosphorylation at serine 102 (p-YBX1S102) by the kinase AKT, which further promotes YBX1 nuclear translocation and activates FGFR1, TNC, and NTRK1 transcription. Clinically, higher circIPO7 expression indicates unfavorable distant metastasis-free survival in NPC patients given cisplatin-based chemotherapy.

Conclusions:

Altogether, this study identifies oncogenic circIPO7 as a prognostic marker after cisplatin-based chemotherapy and as a potential therapeutic target for overcoming metastasis and chemoresistance in NPC.
A Novel EGFRvIII T-Cell Bispecific Antibody for the Treatment of Glioblastoma
Authors: Iurlaro Raffaella , Waldhauer Inja , Planas-Rigol Ester , Bonfill-Teixidor Ester , Arias Alexandra , Nicolini Valeria , Freimoser-Grundschober Anne , Cuartas Isabel , Martínez-Moreno Alba , Martínez-Ricarte Francisco , Cordero Esteban , Cicuendez Marta , Casalino Simona , Guardia-Reyes Xavier , Fahrni Linda , Pöschinger Thomas , Steinhart Virginie , Richard Marine , Briner Stefanie , Mueller Joerg , Osl Franz , Sam Johannes , Colombetti Sara , Bacac Marina , Klein Christian , Pineda Estela , Reyes-Figueroa Luis , Di Somma Alberto , González Josep , Nuciforo Paolo , Carles Joan , Vieito Maria , Tabernero Josep , Umaña Pablo , Seoane Joan
Published: August 2022

T-cell bispecific antibodies (TCB) are engineered molecules that bind both the T-cell receptor and tumor-specific antigens. Epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) mutation is a common event in glioblastoma (GBM) and is characterized by the deletion of exons 2–7, resulting in a constitutively active receptor that promotes cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and invasion. EGFRvIII is expressed on the surface of tumor cells and is not expressed in normal tissues, making EGFRvIII an ideal neoantigen target for TCBs. We designed and developed a novel 2+1 EGFRvIII-TCB with optimal pharmacologic characteristics and potent antitumor activity. EGFRvIII-TCB showed specificity for EGFRvIII and promoted tumor cell killing as well as T-cell activation and cytokine secretion only in patient-derived models expressing EGFRvIII. Moreover, EGFRvIII-TCB promoted T-cell recruitment into intracranial tumors. EGFRvIII-TCB induced tumor regression in GBM animal models, including humanized orthotopic GBM patient-derived xenograft models. Our results warrant the clinical testing of EGFRvIII-TCB for the treatment of EGFRvIII-expressing GBMs.
Visualization of the Anal Dimple by Fetal MRI: Is It Feasible?
Authors: Meyers Mariana L. , Mirsky David M. , Santos-Jasso Karla A. , Ketzer Jill , Bischoff Andrea
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of fetal MRI in identifying the normal anal dimple (AD) and compare it with prenatal ultrasound (US). Methods: Retrospective review of 130 patients with both fetal MRI and US. The gestational age (GA) was stratified into four groups: (1) 16 to 21 weeks-6 days; (2) 22 to 27 weeks-6 days; (3) 28 to 33 weeks-6 days; and (4) 34 weeks and beyond. Steady-state free precession (SSFP) and single shot fast spin echo (SSFSE) axial T2 MRI and transverse US images of the fetal perineum were analyzed, and visualization of the AD was determined. Clinical indication, gender, single versus multiple gestation, best MRI sequence where it was seen, and postnatal AD information were recorded. Results: The AD was visualized in 125/130 fetal MRIs, and visualization was independent of GA (p 0.230). US visualized the AD in 67/130 cases, and the best GA for visualization was in group 3 (p < 0.001). There was no difference in AD visualization between SSFSE and SSFP sequences (p 0.167). Conclusion: Prenatal visualization of the AD by MRI is feasible and superior to US, independent of GA. Adding AD visualization to routine screening prenatal US and MRI may increase recognition of anorectal malformation.
A sala de aula invertida no Ensino Superior: uma experiência nas aulas de língua alemã
Authors: Marques Lívia dos Santos
Published: August 2022

Durante a pandemia de Covid-19, foi necessária adoção de novas medidas no ensino superior, a fim de manter o distanciamento social. Dessa maneira, o ensino remoto, tendo como base estudos sobre o ensino híbrido, tornou-se uma opção em uma disciplina de língua alemã da graduação. As pesquisas sobre sala de aula invertida online (Lee, Wallace 2018; Leffa, Duarte, Alda 2016; Reidsema, Kavanagh, Hadgraft 2017; Rozenfeld, Schäfer 2021; Valente 2014), mais especificamente, ajudaram-nos a estruturar um modelo, cujo primeiro contato assíncrono com o conteúdo antecedeu aulas práticas síncronas. O presente artigo tem como objetivo abordar a organização da disciplina pela professora e sua recepção por parte dos aprendizes. Dessa maneira, realizou-se uma pesquisa-ação, qualitativa, na qual foram coletados dados, a partir de documentos produzidos pela professora (calendário da disciplina e folhas de exercícios), assim como atividades e questionários respondidos pelos alunos. Por meio da análise dos dados, consideramos que o novo formato tem como foco o uso prático da língua, por meio da escrita colaborativa, role-plays, desenvolvimento de projetos, entre outras atividades, e foi bem recebido pelos alunos. Contudo, há ainda futuros encaminhamentos para a pesquisa, a fim de analisar o planejamento das aulas e avaliações.
Ressonâncias da crítica literária na segunda edição de “Amar, verbo intransitivo”, de Mário de Andrade
Authors: Silva Simone Rodrigues Vianna
Published: August 2022

Mário de Andrade foi um dos expoentes do Modernismo Brasileiro, atuando não apenas como escritor literário, mas como teórico e pesquisador. Foi um estudioso do folclore, da cultura e da língua brasileiras, e, compreendendo a importância da pesquisa, legou um precioso acervo para o público (atualmente pertencente ao Instituto de Estudos Brasileiros – USP), com mais de 30 mil arquivos e 17 mil volumes (GRILLO, 2010, p. 13). Parte constituinte desse material, suas missivas, bem como artigos de críticos literários, são analisadas como elementos significativos para a compreensão do processo criativo e de composição das duas edições da obra Amar, verbo intransitivo (1927/ 1944). A partir da recepção da primeira edição pela crítica literária da época, bem como das respostas encaminhadas por Mário através de cartas endereçadas aos próprios críticos e a amigos, concluímos que as mudanças efetuadas entre as edições se deram, especialmente, em resposta a dois artigos principais, de Prudente de Moraes, neto (s.d), e de Tristão de Athayde (1927). Como resultado, houve uma diminuição das digressões e interferências do autor, dos elementos psicanalíticos e naturalistas e um encobrimento maior em relação à sexualidade latente na obra.
Diversity in the family Isodiametridae (Acoela): New species bring back old problems
Authors: ATHERTON SARAH , JONDELIUS ULF
Published: August 2022

Eight new species of Isodiametridae (Acoela) are presented and phylogenetic relationships of the family using 18S and COI sequence data reconstructed. Four species of Baltalimania, two species of Praeaphanostoma and two species of Pseudoposthia are described that all can be distinguished both morphologically and through differences in the DNA sequences as supported by mPTP analysis. The addition of eight new species increases the number of nominal species of Isodiametridae worldwide by 10% and within Sweden by 31%, but also highlights several taxonomic problems. Several species are now confirmed as isodiametrids that are otherwise incongruent with the family’s diagnostic characters. Generic keys are presented for Baltalimania and Praeaphanostoma.
A new species of the subgenus Troginus Mulsant et Rey 1878 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Oxytelinae: Carpelimus) from China
Authors: GILDENKOV MIKHAIL YU.
Published: August 2022

A new species of the subgenus Troginus Mulsant et Rey 1878 from China is described and illustrated: Carpelimus (Troginus) taipoensis Gildenkov sp. n.
Chromaspirina aliapapillata sp.nov. (Nematoda, Desmodorida) from Donuzlav Bay (Crimea, Black Sea)
Authors: REVKOVA TATIANA N. , REVKOV NIKOLAI K.
Published: August 2022

A new species of free-living marine nematode Chromaspirina aliapapillata sp. nov.  from the Donuzlav Bay (Black Sea) is described. Chromaspirina aliapapillata sp. nov.  is characterized by a slender body, buccal cavity with two dorsal teeth, spiral amphids, tail conico-cylindrical and presence of precloacal supplements. The new species differs from other known species of the genus by having two dorsal teeth and presence of 17 to 21 precloacal supplements of which one or two are cup-shaped and rest curved tubes.
New species, synonymy and records for New World Lamiinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae)
Authors: BEZARK LARRY G. , SANTOS-SILVA ANTONIO
Published: August 2022

Two new species are described: Callia breviantennata (Calliini), from Peru; and Etyma maculata (Desmiphorini), from Mexico. Desmiphora (Desmiphora) ornata Bates, 1866 (Desmiphorini) is recorded from Argentina. Ataxia linearis (Bates, 1866) is synonymized with A. mucronata (Bates, 1866) (Pteropliini), and new records are provided. New country and state records are provided for two species of Eupogonius. An updated key to species of Callia, and a key to species of Etyma are provided.
Tycho Brahe’s Appendix ad Observationes anni 1593 and the date of Brahe’s theory of Mars, the prototype for Kepler’s vicarious hypothesis
Authors: Carman Christián C. , Recio Gonzalo L.
Published: August 2022

The Alfonsine and Prutenic tables of planetary latitudes, with which Tycho Brahe began his work, had several deficiencies, ultimately inherited from Ptolemy’s simplifications when he constructed tables for his extremely complicated models. In this paper, we analyze a manuscript that shows Brahe’s attempts at removing these deficiencies by trying several different options, some of which were, to say the least, audacious. We also offer an analysis of the manuscript that helps to date the creation of the non-bisected divided eccentricity model that underlies some of these attempts, and which would prove to be influential in the general history of modern astronomy.
Using machine learning algorithms to predict individuals’ tendency to be victim of social engineering attacks
Authors: Huseynov Farid , Ozdenizci Kose Busra
Published: August 2022

In information security context, social engineering is defined as malicious activities caused by cybercriminals by means of human interactions. It is mainly a psychological manipulation technique which gets benefit of human error to reach private information. This study used machine learning algorithms to predict individuals’ susceptibility to be tricked by social engineering attacks. Simulated scenarios were presented to study participants, and they were asked to identify whether each scenario was a social engineering attack or not. Different kinds of attacks related to various industries were integrated to social engineering simulations. For each participant, different types of social engineering scores were calculated according to their responses. Besides simulations, questionnaires related to demographics, technology usage, and personality traits were filled out by the participants. All of these collected data were used in building predictive classification and regression machine learning models. Through regression and classification models, it was aimed to proactively predict individuals’ social engineering risk levels and classify them into different risk groups in terms of different attack types. This research revealed that it is possible to predetermine the social engineering risk levels of individuals. This important finding means that possible attacks can be prevented by raising awareness before the attack occurs. Within the scope of this study, a social engineering risk detection mobile application has also been developed to give practitioners and policy makers an idea of what kind of systems can be developed in order to determine the risk levels of individuals and then to educate them about various attacks. The ones who need to take action against social engineering attacks will get benefit from findings of this research.
Impact of Variability of Car-Following Parameters on Road Capacity: The Simple Case of Newell’s Model
Authors: Gomez Patiño Carlos Mario , Buisson Christine , Keyvan-Ekbatani Mehdi
Published: July 2022

This paper contributes to the vehicle-level analysis of two macroscopic features of the road traffic: capacity variability and capacity drop. This paper focuses only on car-following (CF) behavior and leaves the part related to lane-change maneuvers for future research. In particular, a simplistic CF model (Newell’s with bounded acceleration) for a single-lane scenario is studied. In this work, by introducing a speed limitation across a zone, a bottleneck with variable nominal capacity has been created. A continuous event-based numerical resolution method is used. Consequently, it is possible to vary the three Newell’s model parameters: maximal acceleration, minimal distance, and reaction time. It has been shown that the variability of those CF parameters (e.g., reaction time, minimal distance, and maximal acceleration) has a strong impact on pre-breakdown capacity variation and also on queue discharge flow. It has been concluded that this parameters variability does affect the drop (provided that the maximal acceleration has a relatively high mean value). Various distribution shapes (uniform, truncated Gaussian, and Gamma) have been explored. It has been realized that this does not have any significant impact on the capacity distribution. Concerning the amplitude of the capacity distribution, it is demonstrated that reaction time is the parameter with the highest impact followed by minimal distance. If all parameters vary with an amplitude of 30%, it is shown that the capacity standard deviation, in this scenario without lane changes, is about half the experimental values reported in the literature.
Safe System for Intersections Method Scoring: Comparing Intersection Alternatives Based on Exposure, Kinetic Energy Management, and Movement Complexity
Authors: Dunn Michael R. , Huang Ivy , (R.J.) Porter Richard J.
Published: July 2022

Transportation agencies across the U.S. are increasingly looking to the Safe System approach as a path toward achieving Vision Zero and other similar road safety performance goals. Vision Zero and the Safe System approach seek to eliminate traffic fatalities and serious injuries. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) funded an effort to create a Safe System for Intersections (SSI) method to provide a technical basis by which road planners and designers could apply Safe System principles on intersection projects, detailed in the report A Safe System-Based Framework and Analytical Methodology for Assessing Intersections. Applying the SSI method results in a set of SSI scores for each intersection design under consideration. The SSI scores characterize the extent to which an intersection alternative aligns with Safe System principles. This paper builds on the content presented in the FHWA report and describes how the key SSI method components of user exposure, conflict point severity, and intersection movement complexity are combined to produce the SSI scores. This additional background and detail on the development of the SSI scores will support future applications of the method and the identification of future research needs and method improvements.
The Impacts of Incentives on Seat Yielding Behavior on the Bus
Authors: Baig Farrukh , Zhang Dong , Chen Jie-ao , Lee Jaeyoung
Published: July 2022

The global target to achieve inclusive public transportation includes the availability of courtesy seating for vulnerable individuals such as elderly people, people with disabilities, pregnant women, and children. The frequent usage of courtesy seats by passengers who are not vulnerable individuals is an issue pertaining to public transportation. It is important to encourage the travelers to yield seats in the presence of vulnerable individuals because the latter might get seriously injured by falling if they stay on a moving vehicle. This study explores the influence of incentives and situational factors affecting individuals’ decisions to yield seats to vulnerable people. Through an online questionnaire survey, 404 valid responses were obtained. The generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) with repeated measures was used to identify the influential factors affecting the self-reported decisions of yielding seats to vulnerable individuals. The results indicate that the situational factors (health, crowd, vulnerable passenger type, standing time after yielding seats), incentive types, and incentive amounts are significant factors affecting the decisions to yield seats. The study’s findings also indicate that travelers are more sensitive to people with disabilities and pregnant women than to elderly people and children. The practical implications, including campaigning, education interventions, and incentive-based mechanism, were suggested to encourage travelers to yield seats to vulnerable individuals.
The Evolution of Nonprofit Governance Research: Reflections, Insights, and Next Steps
Authors: Renz David O. , Brown William A. , Andersson Fredrik O.
Published: July 2022

The literature on nonprofit governance and boards has grown substantially during the past 50 years as researchers from a variety of disciplines and fields have studied governance systems and processes to examine how they are organized, the practices they employ, and their relations with and impacts on nonprofits. This essay offers a domain-based narrative review of the research on the governance of nonprofit organizations and how it has developed over these 50 years. Building on literature reviews and a Delphi study, we summarize the progression of nonprofit governance research, employ a multi-dimensional framework to summarize and assess the state of the field, and offer recommendations for future study. We find the increasingly multinational and multicultural literature of the field has become more rich, nuanced, and increasingly inclusive of contingency, complexity, paradox, and the diverse theoretical perspectives that will enhance our understanding of nonprofit governance.
A Review on Dietary Patterns and Double Burden of Malnutrition: Knowledge Gaps for Future Research
Authors: de Juras Aileen R. , Hu Susan C.
Published: July 2022

Nutrition transition is characterized by shifts in dietary patterns (DPs) and is one of the factors associated with the double burden of malnutrition (DBM). Evidence indicates correlations between DPs and obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. However, little is known on how DP influences DBM. This mini-review examined DP-DBM relationship among adults along with different DP approaches and DBM definitions. A structured search of peer-reviewed articles was performed from Web of Science. Keywords related to “dietary patterns,” “double burden of malnutrition,” and “adults” were used. A total of 133 studies were included. Results showed that factor analysis was the predominant DP analysis method. DBM was frequently assessed at the national level and defined as the coexistence of overweight/obesity and underweight. From the 133 studies, only four articles investigated DP-DBM association and suggested that healthier DPs positively improved DBM. Significant knowledge gaps remain, including (1) application of a combination of DP approaches, (2) evaluation of individual-level and household-level DBM, and (3) inconsistency of micronutrient deficiencies and non-communicable disease indicators in DBM definition. This review revealed paucity of studies on the nexus of DPs and DBM. Future research is imperative to establish evidence on the link between food patterns and multiple burdens of malnutrition.
Processing of hybrid shape memory alloy coupled with P(VDF-TrFE) piezoelectric polymer composite for energy harvesting application
Authors: Sukumaran Sunija , Chatbouri Samir , Badie Laurent , Thiebaud Frédéric , Ben Zineb Tarak , Rouxel Didier
Published: August 2022

Small-scale energy harvesting to power self-powered electronic devices is tremendously increasing. In this context, the ability to combine thermal and mechanical energy harvesting using smart materials deserves more attention for further study. We have presented the feasibility of using P(VDF-TrFE) piezoelectric polymer coupled with NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) to harvest both mechanical and thermal energy in simple scalable devices. A novel hybrid composite consisting of SMA, and P(VDF-TrFE) has been developed without any complex composites or patterned structures, which couples the piezoelectric effect of the poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) and the shape memory effects of NiTi SMA. We have also fabricated a multi-layer SMA/PEN/P(VDF-TrFE) device using epoxy as an interface and bonding layer. During bending, the P(VDF-TrFE) device with an active area of 3.68 cm2 generated an output voltage of 8 V and an output power of 6.25 µW. When coupled with NiTi SMA to create a hybrid composite thermoelectric material, the device can convert the phase change associated with SMA, and thus thermal energy is converted to mechanical energy and finally into electrical energy. The SMA/P(VDF-TrFE) hybrid composite produced an output voltage of ∼2 V for one cyclic heating and cooling of the device. This is a promising approach for the further development of coupled hybrid energy harvester devices for the powering of small-scale electronic devices such as sensors, MEMS, or biomedical devices.
PreHevbrio: A New 3-Antigen Hepatitis B Vaccine for Adults
Authors: Sucher Allana J. , Sucher Brandon J. , Chahine Elias B.
Published: July 2022

Objective:

The main objective of this article is to review the immunogenicity and safety of the 3-antigen recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (3A-HepB) in adults.

Data Sources:

A literature search was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar (2000 to June 2022) with the search terms hepatitis B vaccine and 3-antigen. Other resources included the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, conference abstracts of liver meetings, the prescribing information, and the manufacturer’s website.

Study Selection and Data Extraction:

All English-language articles of studies assessing the immunogenicity and safety of 3A-HepB in humans were included.

Data Synthesis:

The 3A-HepB is licensed to prevent infection caused by all known subtypes of the hepatitis B virus in adults. It contains 3 hepatitis B surface antigens. The 3A-HepB has been shown to be noninferior to a single-antigen hepatitis B vaccine (1A-HepB). It is administered intramuscularly as a 3-dose series at 0, 1, and 6 months. The most commonly reported local reactions were injection site pain and tenderness, and the most commonly reported systemic reactions were headache, fatigue, and myalgia.

Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice:

The introduction of 3A-HepB represents another step toward reducing the rates of new hepatitis B infections. However, clinical trials are needed to assess the immunogenicity of 3A-HepB in individuals at high-risk of nonresponse or low response to 1A-HepB, such as those with renal or hepatic impairment and those with altered immunocompetence.

Conclusions:

The 3A-HepB represents another vaccine to prevent hepatitis B in adults. It is safe and immunogenic but is associated with more adverse reactions than 1A-HepB.
The strategic organization of innovation: State of the art and emerging challenges
Authors: Cillo Paola , Verona Gianmario
Published: July 2022

Building on the vast literature on technological innovation and new product development, we propose a “strategic organization” framework to inform future research. The framework focuses on two core constructs: “agents” (external stakeholders and internal members of the firm involved in innovation activities) and “capabilities” (activities, systems, and values that retain and unfold organizational knowledge). It also distinguishes between two levels: the “new product development” process (the strategic and organizational sequences of tasks and decisions that compose product development activities); and the “firm” (the strategic and higher-order activities that shape corporate governance, corporate strategy, competitive strategy, and the organizational configuration of the firm). We draw on the framework to highlight how the strategic and organizational management of innovation has moved from a specialized organizational unit, the Research and Development function, to the C-suite. We discuss the implications of this framework for future research and highlight emerging challenges related to short-term financial pressures, sustainability, and digital transformation.
A dynamic decentralized strategy of replica placement on edge computing
Authors: Yin Yingying , Deng Leilei
Published: August 2022

Smart phone and its applications are used more and more extensively in our daily life. Short delay of arriving data is important to these applications, especially to some time-sensitive ones. To reduce transmission latency and improve user experience, a dynamic decentralized data replica placement and management strategy which works in edge nodes is proposed in this article. It studies the location, access frequency, latency improvement, and cost spent on placing replicas on edge nodes to seek a balance between cost spent for storage and reduced latency. Specifically, dynamic and decentralized replica placement strategy algorithm has load guarantee for edge nodes to avoid overload; it dynamically create or delete data replicas on edge nodes according to the request frequency. Dynamic and decentralized replica placement strategy is decentralized to relieve transmission cost. Experiment results show that dynamic and decentralized replica placement strategy algorithm in edge computing environments can greatly reduce transmission latency, balance edge nodes load, and improve system performance. Dynamic and decentralized replica placement strategy also considers the cost spent for storage, and it pursues a balance between many factors.
A Conserved Mechanism for Hormesis in Molecular Systems
Authors: Greenwood Sharon N. , Belz Regina G. , Weiser Brian P.
Published: August 2022

Hormesis refers to dose-response phenomena where low dose treatments elicit a response that is opposite the response observed at higher doses. Hormetic dose-response relationships have been observed throughout all of biology, but the underlying determinants of many reported hormetic dose-responses have not been identified. In this report, we describe a conserved mechanism for hormesis on the molecular level where low dose treatments enhance a response that becomes reduced at higher doses. The hormetic mechanism relies on the ability of protein homo-multimers to simultaneously interact with a substrate and a competitor on different subunits at low doses of competitor. In this case, hormesis can be observed if simultaneous binding of substrate and competitor enhances a response of the homo-multimer. We characterized this mechanism of hormesis in binding experiments that analyzed the interaction of homotrimeric proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) with uracil DNA glycosylase (UNG2) and a fluorescein-labeled peptide. Additionally, the basic features of this molecular mechanism appear to be conserved with at least two enzymes that are stimulated by low doses of inhibitor: dimeric BRAF and octameric glutamine synthetase 2 (GS2). Identifying such molecular mechanisms of hormesis may help explain specific hormetic responses of cells and organisms treated with exogenous compounds.
Research on gear decision method of commercial vehicle based on predictive road information
Authors: Wang Binyu , Lei Yulong , Fu Yao , Geng Xiaohu
Published: July 2022

As an essential part of the transportation industry, it is necessary to reduce the fuel consumption of commercial vehicles from the perspective of the environment and economy. Previous studies have shown that optimizing the gear sequence can reduce vehicle fuel consumption. This paper presents a gear decision method based on predictive road information. Under the model predictive control framework, the dynamic programming algorithm is used to solve the multi-objective optimization problem of gear decision. To solve the problem of the long calculation time of the dynamic programming algorithm, the nonlinear optimization algorithm is used to optimize the dynamic programming sub-problem, and the optimal gear sequence of fuel consumption is obtained. The final optimized gear sequence is obtained through the dynamic programming algorithm. The simulation analysis of the proposed gear shift decision method shows that the gear shift decision method can effectively reduce fuel consumption under fixed working conditions. Compared with the economic shift schedule, the fuel consumption is reduced by 5%, and the computing speed is improved compared with the dynamic programming algorithm.
Next-generation sequencing, should I use anti-HER2 therapy for HER2-amplified tumors off-label? Illustrating an extrapolation framework
Authors: Cho Doah , Lord Sarah J. , Simes John , Cooper Wendy , Friedlander Michael , Bae Susie , Lee Chee Khoon
Published: July 2022

Background:

Next-generation sequencing is used to increase targeted treatment opportunities, particularly for patients who have exhausted standard options. Where randomized controlled trial evidence for a targeted therapy is available for molecular alterations in one tumor type, the dilemma for the clinician is whether ‘matching’ targeted agents should be recommended off-label for the same molecular alterations detected in other tumor types, for which no trial data are available to guide practice. To judge the likely benefits, it may be possible to extrapolate evidence from cancers where treatment benefits have been established.

Methods:

We present a framework for assessing the appropriateness of extrapolation using trastuzumab, an anti-HER2 antibody, for HER2-amplified tumors where trastuzumab use would be off-label as an illustrative example.

Results:

The following should be considered for the tumor type where trastuzumab would be off-label: (a) reliability of the NGS assay for detecting HER2 amplification; (b) criteria for defining HER2 positivity; (c) strength of evidence supporting the actionability of HER2 amplification and trastuzumab; (d) whether better clinical outcomes with trastuzumab are due to a more favorable natural history rather than trastuzumab effect; (e) signals of trastuzumab activity and whether it translates to clinically meaningful benefit; (f) whether the safety profile of trastuzumab differs from established indications; and (g) discussion points for shared decision making (SDM) to facilitate informed consent.

Conclusion:

We present a systematic approach for appraising evidence to support extrapolating trastuzumab benefits from established indications to off-label applications. Extrapolation criteria and areas of uncertainty to inform SDM are outlined. This framework is potentially generalizable to other tumor-agnostic biomarker-targeted therapy scenarios. It is a practical approach for clinicians to apply in routine practice and should be considered by molecular tumor boards who make off-label recommendations.
Early on-treatment transcriptional profiling as a tool for improving pathological response prediction in HER2-positive inflammatory breast cancer
Authors: Pernas Sonia , Guerriero Jennifer L. , Naumenko Sergey , Goel Shom , Regan Meredith M. , Hu Jiani , Harrison Beth T. , Lynce Filipa , Lin Nancy U. , Partridge Ann , Morikawa Aki , Hutchinson John , Mittendorf Elizabeth A. , Sokolov Artem , Overmoyer Beth
Published: July 2022

Background:

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare and understudied disease, with 40% of cases presenting with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive subtype. The goals of this study were to (i) assess the pathologic complete response (pCR) rate of short-term neoadjuvant dual-HER2-blockade and paclitaxel, (ii) contrast baseline and on-treatment transcriptional profiles of IBC tumor biopsies associated with pCR, and (iii) identify biological pathways that may explain the effect of neoadjuvant therapy on tumor response.

Patients and Methods:

A single-arm phase II trial of neoadjuvant trastuzumab (H), pertuzumab (P), and paclitaxel for 16 weeks was completed among patients with newly diagnosed HER2-positive IBC. Fresh-frozen tumor biopsies were obtained pretreatment (D1) and 8 days later (D8), following a single dose of HP, prior to adding paclitaxel. We performed RNA-sequencing on D1 and D8 tumor biopsies, identified genes associated with pCR using differential gene expression analysis, identified pathways associated with pCR using gene set enrichment and gene expression deconvolution methods, and compared the pCR predictive value of principal components derived from gene expression profiles by calculating and area under the curve for D1 and D8 subsets.

Results:

Twenty-three participants were enrolled, of whom 21 completed surgery following neoadjuvant therapy. Paired longitudinal fresh-frozen tumor samples (D1 and D8) were obtained from all patients. Among the 21 patients who underwent surgery, the pCR and the 4-year disease-free survival were 48% (90% CI 0.29–0.67) and 90% (95% CI 66–97%), respectively. The transcriptional profile of D8 biopsies was found to be more predictive of pCR (AUC = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.7993–1) than the D1 biopsies (AUC = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.5905–0.9822).

Conclusions:

In patients with HER2-positive IBC treated with neoadjuvant HP and paclitaxel for 16 weeks, gene expression patterns of tumor biopsies measured 1 week after treatment initiation not only offered different biological information but importantly served as a better predictor of pCR than baseline transcriptional analysis.

Trial Registration:

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01796197 ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01796197 ); registered on February 21, 2013.
The impact of sex chromosome trisomies (XXX, XXY, XYY) on gaze towards faces and affect recognition: a cross-sectional eye tracking study
Authors: Bouw Nienke , Swaab Hanna , Tartaglia Nicole , Cordeiro Lisa , van Rijn Sophie
Published: August 2022

Background

About 1:650–1000 children are born with an extra X or Y chromosome (47,XXX; 47,XXY; 47,XYY), which results in a sex chromosome trisomy (SCT). This international cross-sectional study was designed to investigate gaze towards faces and affect recognition during early life of children with SCT, with the aim to find indicators for support and treatment.

Methods

A group of 101 children with SCT (aged 1–7 years old; Mage= 3.7 years) was included in this study, as well as a population-based sample of 98 children without SCT (Mage= 3.7). Eye gaze patterns to faces were measured using an eye tracking method that quantifies first fixations and fixation durations on eyes of static faces and fixation durations on eyes and faces in a dynamic paradigm (with two conditions: single face and multiple faces). Affect recognition was measured using the subtest Affect Recognition of the NEPSY-II neuropsychological test battery. Recruitment and assessment took place in the Netherlands and the USA.

Results

Eye tracking results reveal that children with SCT show lower proportion fixation duration on faces already from the age of 3 years, compared to children without SCT. Also, impairments in the clinical range for affect recognition were found (32.2% of the SCT group scored in the well below average range).

Conclusions

These results highlight the importance to further explore the development of social cognitive skills of children with SCT in a longitudinal design, the monitoring of affect recognition skills, and the implementation of (preventive) interventions aiming to support the development of attention to social important information and affect recognition.
Anthropogenic effects on the body size of two neotropical orchid bees
Authors: Garlin Johannes , Theodorou Panagiotis , Kathe Elisa , Quezada-Euán José Javier G. , Paxton Robert J. , Soro Antonella
Published: August 2022

To accommodate an ever-increasing human population, agriculture is rapidly intensifying at the expense of natural habitat, with negative and widely reported effects on biodiversity in general and on wild bee abundance and diversity in particular. Cities are similarly increasing in area, though the impact of urbanisation on wild bees is more equivocal and potentially positive in northern temperate regions. Yet agriculture and urbanisation both lead to the loss and alteration of natural habitat, its fragmentation, a potential reduction in floral availability, and warmer temperatures, factors thought to be drivers of wild bee decline. They have also been shown to be factors to which wild bee populations respond through morphological change. Body size is one such trait that, because of its relation to individual fitness, has received growing attention as a morphological feature that responds to human induced modification in land use. Here, we investigated the change in body size of two sympatric orchid bee species on the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico in response to urbanization and agricultural intensification. By measuring 540 male individuals sampled from overall 24 sites, we found that Euglossa dilemma and Euglossa viridissima were on average smaller in urban and agricultural habitats than in natural ones. We discuss the potential role of reduced availability of resources in driving the observed body size shifts. Agricultural and urban land management in tropical regions might benefit wild bees if it encompassed the planting of flowering herbs and trees to enhance their conservation.
Mediating effect of self-efficacy on the relationship between social support and self-management behaviors among patients with knee osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Chen Yi-Yi , Weng Li-Chueh , Li Yang-Tzu , Huang Hsiu-Li
Published: August 2022

Background

Good self-management behaviors in patients with knee osteoarthritis can improve disease awareness, treatment effectiveness, quality of life, and reduce medical costs. However, there is a paucity of studies focusing on patients with knee osteoarthritis. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the mediating effect of self-efficacy on aspects of social support and self-management behaviors in this population.

Methods

This study employed a cross-sectional design and convenience sampling to survey patients with knee osteoarthritis in an outpatient department of a regional hospital in northern Taiwan from February 22, 2021, to April 15, 2021. The inclusion criteria for patients were (1) those diagnosed by a physician with knee osteoarthritis and (2) who could communicate in Chinese or Taiwanese. Participants were asked to complete a demographic questionnaire, the Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale (ASE), the Inventory of Socially Supportive Behavior (including enacted support and perceived social support), and the Arthritis Self-Management Assessment Tool (ASMAT). In addition, the Kellgren-Lawrence Grading Scale was obtained from a chart review. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson product-moment correlation, and mediation analysis.

Results

A total of 140 patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean age of participants was 70.21 ± 10.84years; most (73.6%) were female. The mean total score of the ASMAT was 64.27 ± 14.84. Scores for the ASE, enacted support, and perceived social support were significantly positively correlated with ASMAT (all p < .001). The standardized coefficient for total effect and direct effect of perceived social support on ASMAT was 0.899 (p < .001) and 0.754 (p < .05), respectively. After introducing the ASE into the model, the indirect effect was 0.145 (p < .05), which indicated that ASE had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between perceived social support and ASMAT.

Conclusion

Our findings might suggest that perceived social support indirectly affected ASMAT through ASE. Therefore, interventions designed to increase self-efficacy and social support could enhance self-management behaviors for patients with knee osteoarthritis.