bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Francisco Umbral, la génesis periodística de un escritor. Análisis de sus artículos radiofónicos en "La Voz de León" (1958-1961
Authors: Fernández Sande Manuel , Martínez Rico Eduardo
Published: December 2016

Francisco Umbral inicia su actividad periodística profesional en la emisora La Voz de León, perteneciente a la REM -Cadena de radio del Movimiento-. Entre mayo de 1958 y febrero de 1961 dispone de una sección diaria para la que escribe un comentario a modo de columna radiofónica. En este artículo se analiza por primera vez este conjunto de textos inéditos que el propio Umbral conservaba en su domicilio, y que constituye una fuente de gran valor para conocer los orígenes periodísticos y literarios del escritor. Se profundiza en su etapa en León, realizando un análisis contextual, temático y estilístico de un total de 770 artículos radiofónicos pertenecientes a cuatro secciones: “Buenas noches”, “El piano del pobre”, “Buenos días” y “El tiempo y su estribillo”.
El diario comunista "Daily Worker" de Nueva York: un estudio hemerográfico de su evolucion durante el segundo pánico rojo de Estados Unidos
Authors: Maestro Bäcksbacka Francisco Javier , Sagredo Santos Antonia
Published: December 2016

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo seguir el azaroso desenvolvimiento del principal diario comunista de EE.UU., el Daily Worker, durante el llamado “segundo pánico rojo”. Para abordar ese proceso el trabajo se atiene a la extensa cobertura que la prensa estadounidense de la época dio a este asunto, con todas las ramificaciones que creó en torno a cuestiones como la libertad de prensa, el enjuiciamiento de periodistas, la persecución de actividades consideradas no-americanas, la exigencia de juramentos de lealtad, en definitiva todo aquello que desembocaría hacia 1950 en el macartismo, un estado de opinión de pánico –incluso de sitio- que se retroalimentó de un contexto amenazante para EE.UU.
El Humanismo Global del siglo XXI a través del pensamiento de Ryszard Kapuscinski
Authors: Tusa Jumbo Fernanda
Published: December 2016

El presente trabajo de investigación académica constituye un aporte desde la ciencia de la comunicación social a la formación ética del profesional del Comunicador Social, a partir de un estudio de autor, tomando como referencia al periodista bielorruso Ryszard Kapuscinski y su texto ’10 reflexiones sobre el periodismo’. En este espacio, intentamos una aproximación teórica al ‘concepto de humanismo ético del siglo XXI’ tantas veces mencionado por Kapuscinski a lo largo de su obra, a fin de comprender la relación existente entre deontología periodística y valores universales del ser humano. En cuanto a la metodología utilizada, se presenta el análisis de contenido y la revisión bibliográfica y documentada acerca de la ética propuesta por Kapuscinski. Como conclusión se infiere que en el siglo XXI los nuevos valores del ser humano están anticipando desde ya el devenir ético de la humanidad y ante tal contexto, el reto de la academia será profundizar en investigaciones de naturaleza social que impulsen la reflexión y el análisis acerca de autores trascendentales dentro del periodismo y la comunicación como fuera la figura del genio bielorruso.
María Consuelo Reyna Periodista y empresaria en la Transición valenciana
Authors: Cervera Sánchez Ana María
Published: December 2016

El pasado 31 de enero Las Provincias, el diario decano de Valencia, celebró su 150 aniversario. Los actos conmemorativos contaron con la asistencia del rey Felipe VI inaugurando la muestra ‘La huella de 150 valencianos en el 150 aniversario de Las Provincias’ y, sin embargo, faltó un personaje que ha dejado huella en su pasado de casi tres décadas, María Consuelo Reyna. Reyna, descendiente del fundador de Las Provincias y una de las primeras mujeres al frente de un medio, ha sido voz y testigo de la Transición desde la redacción. Destituida en 1999 por el Consejo integrado por las familias Reyna y Zarranz, la empresa pasa entonces a Vocento, y finaliza un largo ciclo, determinante en la reciente historia valenciana.
Pedro de Lorenzo, de director de La Voz de Castilla a proscrito en Burgos
Authors: Sanz Hernando Clara
Published: December 2016

El trabajo saca a la luz los motivos por los que el periodista Pedro de Lorenzo, director del diario del Movimiento en Burgos, La Voz de Castilla, entre noviembre de 1945 y febrero de 1946, fue bruscamente cesado y desterrado de la provincia. El nacimiento del rotativo como una empresa privada que ostentó una doble dirección -la política, a través de la Delegación Nacional de Prensa, y la económica, personalizada en el gobernador civil y jefe provincial del Movimiento, Manuel Yllera-, convirtió a la Redacción en un polvorín donde se dilucidaron las luchas por el control ideológico del periódico.
Mateo Santos: del periodismo “de combate” al periodismo “profesional
Authors: Pedret Otero Gerard
Published: December 2016

El artículo propone una aproximación a la figura del periodista y realizador Mateo Santos Cantero (Villanueva de los Infantes, 1891 – México D.F., 1964), centrada específicamente en sus inicios como “hombre de letras” en la conflictiva Barcelona de la Gran Guerra europea y la inmediata posguerra. Una etapa poco conocida y sin embargo fundamental para comprender la emergencia de algunas de las principales constantes discursivas de quien desempeñaría un papel fundamental en el desarrollo del periodismo y la crítica cinematográfica en la España anterior a la guerra civil, así como también en la introducción del cine en el mundo cultural libertario durante la II República.
Una ventana al mestizaje: el matrimonio de los indios en el Arzobispado de México, 1660-1686
Authors: De Zaballa Beascoechea Ana
Published: December 2016

A pesar de los deseos de la Corona por organizar la sociedad indiana en dos repúblicas separadas, de indios y de españoles, la convivencia de las diferentes calidades se hizo inevitable tanto en las ciudades como en áreas rurales. Analizamos en este trabajo el mestizaje de la población indígena con españoles y castas en el Arzobispado de México durante la visita de Francisco Aguiar y Seijas. Se exploran así mismo, las posibilidades que ofrecen las informaciones de matrimonio para descubrir los vínculos y relaciones sociales entre individuos de diferente calidad.
Matrimonios y conflictos: abandono, divorcio y nulidad eclesiástica en la Andalucía moderna (Arzobispado de Sevilla, siglo XVIII)
Authors: Macías Domínguez Alonso Manuel , Candau Chacón María Luisa
Published: December 2016

Regulado nuevamente el matrimonio en el Concilio de Trento y ratificada su indisolubilidad, es evidente que la realidad conyugal no siempre marcharía por los caminos propuestos. Abordamos aquí el matrimonio como espacio de conflictos en donde las desavenencias y los problemas de convivencia (incluida la violencia o la infidelidad) propiciaron la solicitud de separación o divorcio (temporal o perpetuo), de demandas de nulidad eclesiástica y, en dirección contraria, de petición de “vida maridable”. Analizamos tales pleitos y causas en un espacio -Arzobispado de Sevilla- a lo largo del Siglo XVIII, sin olvidar ni el contexto histórico, ni las posibilidades brindadas por el derecho canónico.
Redes comerciales y estrategias matrimoniales. La mujeres en el comercio del Galeón de Manila (siglos XVII-XVIII)
Authors: Alva Inmaculada
Published: December 2016

Durante el período colonial, el comercio en Filipinas estuvo centrado en el monopolio del Galeón de Manila, una ruta comercial que, desde 1593, unía el Oriente con el Occidente. En medio de un mundo de soldados y ricos comerciantes, no faltaron mujeres que encontraron la forma de desarrollar una actividad productiva. Desde principios del siglo XVII, las viudas tenían concedido el privilegio de participar en la carga del galeón, para facilitar su sostenimiento económico. Algunas prefirieron vender su participación a otros comerciantes, pero también las hubo que invirtieron su capital personalmente en este comercio, utilizando las redes y contactos comerciales establecidos por sus difuntos maridos. La actividad mercantil que desarrollaron fue muy similar a la de los comerciantes establecidos en las islas. El presente trabajo trata de rescatar del olvido a una buena parte de esas mujeres, especialmente a aquellas que no se limitaron a vivir de su pensión, sino que lucharon por mantener y acrecentar los negocios de sus maridos. Permite comprender el papel de la mujer desde una nueva perspectiva, en el contexto de una sociedad que aparentemente les dificultaba el desenvolvimiento de este tipo de habilidades profesionales. A través de algunos ejemplos, se mostrará la forma como se implicaron en esas empresas mercantiles, las relaciones que entablaron y las estrategias matrimoniales que desarrollaron para asegurar su fortuna y patrimonio.
La normalización de las relaciones entre España y Centroamérica durante la gestión de Julio de Arellano y Arróspide, 1889-1895
Authors: Sánchez Andrés Agustín
Published: December 2016

La política latinoamericana del régimen de la Restauración estuvo condicionada durante las últimas décadas del siglo XIX por el cierre en falso de la crisis colonial de 1868-1878. Esta situación llevó a los gobiernos que se sucedieron durante este período a reformular la naturaleza de los objetivos geopolíticos de España en la región, renunciando al activo intervencionismo practicado durante el segundo tercio del XIX y supeditando la defensa de los intereses de la inmigración española y del propio comercio español al mantenimiento de relaciones cordiales con los gobiernos latinoamericanos a fin de evitar que éstos pudieran respaldar los proyectos de los separatistas cubanos. El restablecimiento de relaciones diplomáticas con la totalidad de las repúblicas americanas y el desarrollo de una política conciliatoria permitieron resolver varios de los antiguos contenciosos pendientes con algunas de estas repúblicas, al tiempo que se congelaba el planteamiento de otros desacuerdos hasta que las condiciones fueran más favorables. Este proceso hizo necesario que la diplomacia española recurriera de manera creciente a diplomáticos especializados en el área latinoamericana, como Julio de Arellano y Arróspide, cuya gestión al frente de la legación española en Centroamérica entre 1889 y 1895 resulta emblemática de las nuevas directrices y necesidades de la diplomacia española en América Latina.
A Twenty-First-Century Grapes of Wrath: Jesmyn Ward's Salvage the Bones
Authors: Railsback Brian
Published: December 2016

Jesmyn Ward's 2011 National Book Award-winning novel, Salvage the Bones, is a striking complement to Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath. Like the Joad family, the Batistes of Bois Sauvage, Mississippi, are economic outcasts at the mercy of social and environmental forces beyond their control. By the end of the novel, the Batistes have no home; after the destruction of Hurricane Katrina, they end up like the Joads: homeless flood victims with no hope except their innate survival instinct and their tenacious ability to lean on each other. Salvage the Bones reminds us that for the impoverished in the United States and around the globe, the dismal existence portrayed in The Grapes of Wrath not only still exists but in some ways has become worse.
Specters of Joad
Authors: Brevda William
Published: December 2016

Looking back after seventy-seven years, readers find the most haunting passage in The Grapes of Wrath to be Tom Joad's famous farewell to his mother, the “I'll be there” passage. Although Leslie Fiedler dismissed it as “fashionable left-wing soapbox rhetoric,” he misses the point. The death of the socialist dream conjures a ghost, and a ghost, by definition, “never dies, it remains always to come and to come back.” A specter is haunting The Grapes of Wrath—the specter of Tom Joad.
VBORNET gap analysis: Mosquito vector distribution models utilised to identify areas of potential species distribution in areas lacking records.
Authors: Schaffner Francis , Versteirt Veerle , Van Bortel Wim , Zeller Hervé , Wint William , Alexander Neil Stewart
Published: December 2016

This is the second of a number of planned data papers presenting modelled vector distributions produced originally during the ECDC funded VBORNET project. This work continues under the VectorNet project now jointly funded by ECDC and EFSA. Further data papers will be published after sampling seasons when more field data will become available allowing further species to be modelled or validation and updates to existing models. The data package described here includes those mosquito species first modelled in 2013 & 2014 as part of the VBORNET gap analysis work which aimed to identify areas of potential species distribution in areas lacking records. It comprises three species models together with suitability masks based on land class and environmental limits. The species included as part of this phase are the mosquitoes Aedes vexans, Anopheles plumbeus and Culex modestus.The known distributions of these species within the area covered by the project (Europe, the ­Mediterranean Basin, North Africa, and Eurasia) are currently incomplete to a greater or lesser degree. The models are designed to fill the gaps with predicted distributions, to provide a) assistance in ­targeting surveys to collect distribution data for those areas with no field validated information, and b) a first indication of the species distributions within the project areas.
Teoría de la Literatura y Estética
Authors: Albadalejo Tomás
Published: December 2016

En este artículo me ocupo de la relación entreTeoría de la Literatura y Estética como disciplinasque estudian la literatura y el arte respectivamente.La atención prestada por los tratados de Poéticaa la literatura como arte así como a otras arteses considerada uno de los fundamentos de estarelación y uno de los caminos hacia la Estéticacomo una teoría global del arte. La conexión de laTeoría de la Literatura con la Estética se observadentro del campo de la conexión de las teorías delas artes con la Estética, de tal modo que a todaslas teorías les proporcione enriquecimiento unarelación dialéctica entre todas ellas. Por su alcanceamplio y comprehensivo, la Semiótica como teoríageneral de los signos puede ofrecer una armazónteórica para mejorar la conexión entre Teoría de laLiteratura y Estética.In this article I am dealing with the relationshipbetween Theory of Literature and Aestheticsas disciplines that study literature and artrespectively. The attention paid by the treatises ofPoetics to literature as an art as well as to otherarts is considered to be one of the foundationsof this relationship and one of the paths towardsAesthetics as a global theory of art. Theconnection of Theory of Literature to Aestheticsis viewed within the field of the connection ofsingle theories of arts to Aesthetics, in such a waythat a dialectical relationship between all of themprovides enrichment for all theories. Because ofits broad and comprehensive range, Semiotics asthe general theory of signs can offer a theoreticalframework to improve the connection betweenTheory of Literature and Aesthetics.
#RevueltasEstéticas: Del #yosoy132 a #Ayotzinapa
Authors: Córdova Rojas Alba Citlali
Published: December 2016

El objetivo de este artículo es situar en las estéticas de protesta los dispositivos que se despliegan en manifestaciones sociales como prácticas artísticas contemporáneas. En dos casos en México, el movimiento “yo soy 132” y las manifestaciones por los 43 estudiantes desaparecidos de Ayotzinapa. Se aborda la relación entre política y estética desde el planteamiento de que el arte contribuye a la formación de subjetividades políticas, y la forma en que estas prácticas críticas se han desplegado en la esfera pública. The purpose of this article is to place within the aesthetic of protest, devices that are deployed in social demonstrations and contemporary art practices. In two scenarios in Mexico, the movement “Yo Soy 132” and the demonstrations for the 43 missing students of Ayotzinapa. This article approaches the relationship between politics and aesthetics from the idea that art contributes to the formation of political subjectivities, and how these critical practices have been deployed in the public sphere.
Redención de un orden material en la escultura de William Tucker
Authors: Aguirre-Martínez Guillermo
Published: December 2016

Con las esculturas presentadas por William Tucker a partir de mediados de los ochenta, su obra -y en ello expone las búsquedas y el sentido de la cultura contemporánea- asume un grado fundacional en el sentido de que pasa del mero concepto, de un primer rudimento de espacialización, a un despertar material, sentando así las bases de una recuperación simbólica. With the sculptures done by William Tucker since mid-eighties, his work -in relation with the searches and the sense of our contemporary culture- assume a foundational status. With this axial position, Tucker’s sculpture goes from the mere concept to the material awakening, showing by means of this an emerging symbolism.
Trends in James Baldwin Criticism 2001–10
Authors: Scott Lynn Orilla
Published: December 2016

James Baldwin criticism from 2001 through 2010 is marked by an increased appreciation for
Baldwin’s entire oeuvre including his writing after the mid 1960s. The question of his
artistic decline remains debated, but more scholars find a greater consistency and power
in Baldwin’s later work than previous scholars had found. A group of dedicated Baldwin
scholars emerged during this period and have continued to host regular international
conferences. The application of new and diverse critical lenses—including cultural
studies, political theory, religious studies, and black queer theory—contributed to more
complex readings of Baldwin’s texts. Historical and legal approaches re-assessed Baldwin’s
relationship to the Civil Rights and Black Power movements and new material emerged on
Baldwin’s decade in Turkey. Some historical perspective gave many critics a more nuanced
approach to the old “art” vs. “politics” debate as it surfaced in Baldwin’s initial
reception, many now finding Baldwin’s “angry” work to be more “relevant” than “out of
touch” as it was thought of during his lifetime. In the first decade of the new
millennium, three books of new primary source material, a new biography, four books of
literary criticism, three edited collections of critical essays, two special issues of
journals and numerous book chapters and articles were published, marking a significant
increase not only in the quantity, but the quality of Baldwin criticism.
The Public James Baldwin
Authors: Boyd Herb
Published: December 2016

As this essay notes, James Baldwin, his words and metaphors, pervade public space at
countless numbers of intersections. Lines from his plays, novels, and essays have always
been an easy and handy reference for writers and artists seeking ways to ground their
intentions with deeper meaning and magic. Even in a minority opinion on 22 June 2016
written by Supreme Court Justice Sonia Sotomayor, she cited several authors, including
Baldwin, to underscore her point on the Court’s abrogation of the Fourth Amendment.
Watching Time: James Baldwin and Malcolm X
Authors: Tuhkanen Mikko
Published: December 2016

Taking its cue from recent scholarly work on the concept of time in African American
literature, this essay argues that, while both James Baldwin and Malcolm X refuse
gradualism and insist on “the now” as the moment of civil rights’ fulfillment, Baldwin
also remains troubled by the narrowness assumed by a life, politics, or ethics limited to
the present moment. In his engagement with Malcolm’s life and legacy—most notably in One
Day, When I Was Lost, his screen adaptation of Malcolm’s autobiography—he works toward a
temporal mode that would be both punctual and expansive. What he proposes as the operative
time of chronoethics is an “untimely now”: he seeks to replace Malcolm’s unyielding
punctuality with a different nowness, one that rejects both calls for “patience,” endemic
to any politics that rests on the Enlightenment notion of “perfectibility,” and the
breathless urgency that prevents the subject from seeing anything beyond the oppressive
system he wants overthrown. Both thinkers find the promise of such untimeliness in their
sojourns beyond the United States.
The Uses of Race and Religion: James Baldwin’s Pragmatist Politics in The Fire Next Time
Authors: Ferriter Courtney D
Published: December 2016

In The Fire Next Time, James Baldwin argues that the American dream is far from being a
reality in part because there is much Americans do not wish to know about themselves.
Given the current political climate in the United States, this idea seems just as timely
as it did in the 1960s. Baldwin’s politics and thinking about race and religion are
informed by an optimistic belief in the human capacity to love and change for the better,
in contrast with Ta-Nehisi Coates, the heir apparent to Baldwin’s legacy. Considering
current events, it seems particularly useful to turn back to The Fire Next Time. Not only
does Baldwin provide a foundation for understanding racism in the United States, but more
importantly, he provides some much-needed hope and guidance for the future. Baldwin
discusses democracy as an act that must be realized, in part by coming to a greater
understanding of race and religion as performative acts that have political consequences
for all Americans. In this article, I examine the influence of pragmatism on Baldwin’s
understanding of race and religion. By encouraging readers to acknowledge race and
religion as political constructs, Baldwin highlights the inseparability of theory and
practice that is a hallmark of both pragmatism and the realization of a democratic
society. Furthermore, I argue that Baldwin’s politics provide a more useful framework than
Coates’s for this particular historical moment because of Baldwin’s emphasis on change and
evolving democracy.
How Do the Richest 1% Owns 50% of Wealth in a Small-Open Growth Model with Endogenous Wealth and Human Capital
Authors: Zhang Wei Bin
Published: December 2016

This paper extends the growth model for a closed national economy by Zhang (2015) to a small-open economy. We attempt to explain some economic mechanisms of how the richest one per cent of the population own 50% of national wealth. We consider endogenous wealth and human capital accumulation by heterogeneous households with different preferences and learning abilities as the main determinants of growth and inequality. We describe the production technologies and economic structure on the basis of the Uzawa two-sector model. By applying Zhang’s concept of disposable income and approach to household behavior, we describe consumers’ wealth accumulation and consumption behavior. We model human capital accumulation on the basis of Arrow’s learning by doing and Zhang’s creativity with leisure. We simulate the model with three groups of the population, the rich 1 %, the middle 69%, and the poor 20%. We demonstrate the existence of an equilibrium point at which the rich 1% own more than half of the national wealth and the poor 20% less than 10% of the national wealth. We show how the system moves to the equilibrium from an initial state and confirm that the equilibrium point is stable. We also conduct comparative dynamic analysis.
Ornella Labriola: the loneliness of an irreducible memory
Authors: Selvaggio Maria Antonietta
Published: December 2016

This paper aims at analyzing the particular case concerning Ornella Labriola (1908-1991), who lived between Italy and Soviet Union. She was a guest of the famous hotel “Lux” in Moscow, the dwelling place of international Communism during the years of Stalinism. In that place, happened her love story with Giuseppe Rimola (1905-1938), delegate of Italian young communists in the Kjm (the Young Communist International). He was arrested and condemned to death as ”people’s enemy” in the gyre concerning he terror of Stalinism. During all her life, Ornella Labriola only desired to show people the truth about the death of her own partner, also to rescue the sense of her own existence and choices. The biographical approach of our research permits to emphasize witness’s feelings, believes, values and auto-reflexivity. Labriola was interviewed a year before her death. Her narration is focused on her relationship with ideology, with the revolutionary time when she grew, with the political treat as it was perceived during the thirties and forties; but also she talked about her love relation with her partner in a cultural context in which it was normal to sacrifice own private life on the altar of revolutionary necessities.
Mitochondrial support of persistent presynaptic vesicle mobilization with age-dependent synaptic growth after LTP
Authors: Smith Heather L , Bourne Jennifer N , Cao Guan , Chirillo Michael A , Ostroff Linnaea E , Watson Deborah J , Harris Kristen M
Published: December 2016

Mitochondria support synaptic transmission through production of ATP, sequestration of calcium, synthesis of glutamate, and other vital functions. Surprisingly, less than 50% of hippocampal CA1 presynaptic boutons contain mitochondria, raising the question of whether synapses without mitochondria can sustain changes in efficacy. To address this question, we analyzed synapses from postnatal day 15 (P15) and adult rat hippocampus that had undergone theta-burst stimulation to produce long-term potentiation (TBS-LTP) and compared them to control or no stimulation. At 30 and 120 min after TBS-LTP, vesicles were decreased only in presynaptic boutons that contained mitochondria at P15, and vesicle decrement was greatest in adult boutons containing mitochondria. Presynaptic mitochondrial cristae were widened, suggesting a sustained energy demand. Thus, mitochondrial proximity reflected enhanced vesicle mobilization well after potentiation reached asymptote, in parallel with the apparently silent addition of new dendritic spines at P15 or the silent enlargement of synapses in adults.
Yearly Trends in Elective Shoulder Arthroplasty, 2005–2013
Authors: Dillon Mark T. , Chan Priscilla H. , Inacio Maria C. S. , Singh Anshuman , Yian Edward H. , Navarro Ronald A.
Published: December 2016

Objective

To evaluate the change in incidence rate of shoulder arthroplasty, the utilization of shoulder arthroplasty for specific indications, and the surgeon volume trends associated with these procedures between 2005 and 2013.

Methods

A population‐based cohort study was conducted using the more than 7 million members of an integrated health care system in California. Cases of shoulder arthroplasties performed between 2005 and 2013 were identified using a shoulder arthroplasty registry. Annual shoulder arthroplasty incidence rates per 100,000 patients were determined, and adjusted yearly changes in rates were estimated using incidence rate ratios (IRRs). Changes in surgeon volumes by year and number of surgeons performing different procedures were also compared.

Results

The incidence of shoulder arthroplasty per 100,000 members increased from 6.1 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 5.5–6.7) in 2005 to 13.4 (95% CI 12.5–14.2) in 2013. In patients with osteoarthritis, there was increasing utilization of total shoulder arthroplasty (IRR 1.12 [95% CI 1.11–1.14]) and decreasing utilization of hemiarthroplasty (IRR 0.91 [95% CI 0.89–0.94]). For patients with rotator cuff tear arthropathy, there was an increase in utilization of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (IRR 1.33 [95% CI 1.29–1.37]) but no change in hemiarthroplasty (IRR 0.99 [95% CI 0.92–1.05]). The average surgeon yearly volume increased for total shoulder arthroplasty (P < 0.001) and for reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (P = 0.020).

Conclusion

Shoulder arthroplasty is being used with greater frequency in this population. Surgeons are performing a greater yearly volume of total shoulder arthroplasty and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty.
Cellulose Nanofiber Supported 3D Interconnected BN Nanosheets for Epoxy Nanocomposites with Ultrahigh Thermal Management Capability
Authors: Chen Jin , Huang Xingyi , Zhu Yingke , Jiang Pingkai
Published: December 2016

Thermally conductive but electrically insulating polymer composites are highly desirable for thermal management applications because of their wide range of utilization, ease of processing, and low cost. However, the traditional approaches to thermally conductive polymer composites usually suffer from the low thermal conductivity enhancement and/or the deterioration of electrical insulating property. In this study, using cellulose nanofiber‐supported 3D interconnected boron nitride nanosheet (3D–C–BNNS) aerogels, a novel method for highly thermally conductive but electrically insulating epoxy nanocomposites is reported. The nanocomposites exhibit thermal conductivity enhancement of about 1400% at a low BNNS loading of 9.6 vol%. In addition, the epoxy nanocomposites are still highly insulating, having a volume electrical resistivity of 1015 Ω cm. The strong potential application for thermal management has been demonstrated by the surface temperature variations of the nanocomposites with time during heating and cooling.
A Bone Glue with Sustained Adhesion under Wet Conditions
Authors: Wistlich Laura , Rücker Anja , Schamel Martha , Kübler Alexander C. , Gbureck Uwe , Groll Jürgen
Published: December 2016

Bone glues often suffer from low adhesion to bone under wet conditions. This study aims to improve wet adhesiveness of a bone glue based on a photocurable poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate matrix through in situ interpenetrating network formation by addition of six‐armed isocyanate functional star‐shaped prepolymers (NCO‐sP(EO‐stat‐PO)). Biodegradable ceramic fillers are added to adjust the paste workability. The 3‐point bending strength of the bone glues is in the range of 3.5–5.5 MPa and not significantly affected by the addition of NCO‐sP(EO‐stat‐PO). Storage in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) decreases the bending strength of all formulations to approximately 1 MPa but the adhesion to cortical bone increases from 0.15–0.2 to 0.3–0.5 MPa after adding 20–40 wt% NCO‐sP(EO‐stat‐PO) to the matrix. Bone glues without the NCO‐sP(EO‐stat‐PO) additive lose their adhesiveness to bone after aging in PBS for 7 days, whereas modified glues maintain a shear strength of 0.18–0.25 MPa demonstrating the efficacy of the approach. Scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy investigations of the fracture surfaces prove a high amount of residual adhesive on the bone surface indicating that adhesion to the bone under wet conditions is stronger than cohesion.
Built‐In‐Homojunction‐Dominated Intrinsically Rectifying‐Resistive Switching in NiO Nanodots for Selection‐Device‐Free Memory Application
Authors: Sun Zhong , Wei Linlin , Feng Ce , Miao Peixian , Guo Meiqi , Yang Huaixin , Li Jianqi , Zhao Yonggang
Published: December 2016

Intrinsically rectifying‐resistive switching (IR‐RS) has been regarded as an effective way to address the crosstalk issue, due to the Schottky diodes formed at the metal/oxide interfaces in the ON states to suppress the sneak current at reverse biases. In this paper, the authors report for the first time another type of IR‐RS that is related to the built‐in homojunction. The IR‐RS study is usually limited to macroscopic samples with micrometer‐order pad‐type electrodes, while this work is on NiO nanodots fabricated with ultrathin anodic‐aluminum‐oxide templates and acting as nanoscaled analogs of real devices. The NiO nanodots show high storage density and high uniformity, and the IR‐RS behaviors are of good device performances in terms of retention, endurance, switching ratio, and rectification ratio. The feasibility of the IR‐RS for selection device‐free memory application is demonstrated by calculating the maximum crossbar array size under the worst‐case scenario to be 3 Mbit.
Down syndrome in diverse populations
Authors: Kruszka Paul , Porras Antonio R. , Sobering Andrew K. , Ikolo Felicia A. , La Qua Samantha , Shotelersuk Vorasuk , Chung Brian H. Y. , Mok Gary T. K. , Uwineza Annette , Mutesa Leon , Moresco Angélica , Obregon María Gabriela , Sokunbi Ogochukwu Jidechukwu , Kalu Nnenna , Joseph Daniel Akinsanya , Ikebudu Desmond , Ugwu Christopher Emeka , Okoromah Christy A. N. , Addissie Yonit A. , Pardo Katherine L. , Brough J. Joseph , Lee Ni‐Chung , Girisha Katta M. , Patil Siddaramappa Jagdish , Ng Ivy S. L. , Min Breana Cham Wen , Jamuar Saumya S. , Tibrewal Shailja , Wallang Batriti , Ganesh Suma , Sirisena Nirmala D. , Dissanayake Vajira H. W. , Paththinige C. Sampath , Prabodha L. B. Lahiru , Richieri‐Costa Antonio , Muthukumarasamy Premala , Thong Meow‐Keong , Jones Kelly L. , Abdul‐Rahman Omar A. , Ekure Ekanem Nsikak , Adeyemo Adebowale A. , Summar Marshall , Linguraru Marius George , Muenke Maximilian
Published: December 2016

Down syndrome is the most common cause of cognitive impairment and presents clinically with universally recognizable signs and symptoms. In this study, we focus on exam findings and digital facial analysis technology in individuals with Down syndrome in diverse populations. Photos and clinical information were collected on 65 individuals from 13 countries, 56.9% were male and the average age was 6.6 years (range 1 month to 26 years; SD = 6.6 years). Subjective findings showed that clinical features were different across ethnicities (Africans, Asians, and Latin Americans), including brachycephaly, ear anomalies, clinodactyly, sandal gap, and abundant neck skin, which were all significantly less frequent in Africans (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.05, and P < 0.05, respectively). Evaluation using a digital facial analysis technology of a larger diverse cohort of newborns to adults (n = 129 cases; n = 132 controls) was able to diagnose Down syndrome with a sensitivity of 0.961, specificity of 0.924, and accuracy of 0.943. Only the angles at medial canthus and ala of the nose were common significant findings amongst different ethnicities (Caucasians, Africans, and Asians) when compared to ethnically matched controls. The Asian group had the least number of significant digital facial biometrics at 4, compared to Caucasians at 8 and Africans at 7. In conclusion, this study displays the wide variety of findings across different geographic populations in Down syndrome and demonstrates the accuracy and promise of digital facial analysis technology in the diagnosis of Down syndrome internationally. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rheumatoid Arthritis and Risk of Malignant Lymphoma: Is the Risk Still Increased?
Authors: Hellgren K. , Baecklund E. , Backlin C. , Sundstrom C. , Smedby K. E. , Askling J.
Published: December 2016

Objective

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at increased risk of malignant lymphomas with a strong correlation with RA disease severity. Given the changes in RA therapy over recent decades, this study was undertaken to assess whether lymphoma risk remains increased, and if so, to explore risk predictors and lymphoma subtypes.

Methods

We identified 12,656 cases of incident RA in the Swedish Rheumatology Quality Register 1997–2012 and obtained information on therapy and inflammatory activity during the first year after diagnosis. Each patient was matched to 10 population comparator subjects. Through linkage to the Swedish Cancer Register, lymphomas, including subtypes, were identified. We assessed hazard ratios (HRs) using Cox regression.

Results

Overall, the HR for lymphoma was increased in RA, to 1.6 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.2–2.1). Taking RA duration into account, risks did not appear to have declined over successive calendar years of RA diagnosis. Neither use of methotrexate the first year after RA diagnosis nor ever use of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) increased lymphoma risk (HR 0.9 [95% CI 0.4–1.9]). Use of oral corticosteroids the first year after RA diagnosis was associated with a reduced risk (HR 0.5 [95% CI 0.3–0.9]). Inflammatory activity during the first year after RA diagnosis did not predict future lymphoma risk. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia occurred less frequently, and Hodgkin's lymphoma occurred more frequently, in RA patients than in the general population.

Conclusion

The average lymphoma risk in recently diagnosed RA is similar in magnitude to that reported in historical cohorts. Standard antirheumatic treatment including TNFi did not predict future lymphoma risk. Distribution of lymphoma subtypes warrants further investigation.
Inhibition of the Cysteine Protease Human Cathepsin L by Triazine Nitriles: Amide⋅⋅⋅Heteroarene π‐Stacking Interactions and Chalcogen Bonding in the S3 Pocket
Authors: Giroud Maude , Ivkovic Jakov , Martignoni Mara , Fleuti Marianne , Trapp Nils , Haap Wolfgang , Kuglstatter Andreas , Benz Jörg , Kuhn Bernd , Schirmeister Tanja , Diederich François
Published: December 2016

We report an extensive “heteroarene scan” of triazine nitrile ligands of the cysteine protease human cathepsin L (hCatL) to investigate π‐stacking on the peptide amide bond Gly67–Gly68 at the entrance of the S3 pocket. This heteroarene⋅⋅⋅peptide bond stacking was supported by a co‐crystal structure of an imidazopyridine ligand with hCatL. Inhibitory constants (Ki) are strongly influenced by the diverse nature of the heterocycles and specific interactions with the local environment of the S3 pocket. Binding affinities vary by three orders of magnitude. All heteroaromatic ligands feature enhanced binding by comparison with hydrocarbon analogues. Predicted energetic contributions from the orientation of the local dipole moments of heteroarene and peptide bond could not be confirmed. Binding of benzothienyl (Ki=4 nm) and benzothiazolyl (Ki=17 nm) ligands was enhanced by intermolecular C−S⋅⋅⋅O=C interactions (chalcogen bonding) with the backbone C=O of Asn66 in the S3 pocket. The ligands were also tested for the related enzyme rhodesain.
European Pain Federation position paper on appropriate opioid use in chronic pain management
Authors: O'Brien T. , Christrup L.L. , Drewes A.M. , Fallon M.T. , Kress H.G. , McQuay H.J. , Mikus G. , Morlion B.J. , Perez‐Cajaraville J. , Pogatzki‐Zahn E. , Varrassi G. , Wells J.C.D.
Published: December 2016

Poorly controlled pain is a global public health issue. The personal, familial and societal costs are immeasurable. Only a minority of European patients have access to a comprehensive specialist pain clinic. More commonly the responsibility for chronic pain management and initiating opioid therapy rests with the primary care physician and other non‐specialist opioid prescribers. There is much confusing and conflicting information available to non‐specialist prescribers regarding opioid therapy and a great deal of unjustified fear is generated. Opioid therapy should only be initiated by competent clinicians as part of a multi‐faceted treatment programme in circumstances where more simple measures have failed. Throughout, all patients must be kept under close clinical surveillance. As with any other medical therapy, if the treatment fails to yield the desired results and/or the patient is additionally burdened by an unacceptable level of adverse effects, the overall management strategy must be reviewed and revised. No responsible clinician will wish to pursue a failed treatment strategy or persist with an ineffective and burdensome treatment. In a considered attempt to empower and inform non‐specialist opioid prescribers, EFIC convened a European group of experts, drawn from a diverse range of basic science and relevant clinical disciplines, to prepare a position paper on appropriate opioid use in chronic pain. The expert panel reviewed the available literature and harnessed the experience of many years of clinical practice to produce these series of recommendations. Its success will be judged on the extent to which it contributes to an improved pain management experience for chronic pain patients across Europe.

Significance

This position paper provides expert recommendations for primary care physicians and other non‐ specialist healthcare professionals in Europe, particularly those who do not have ready access to specialists in pain medicine, on the safe and appropriate use of opioid medications as part of a multi‐faceted approach to pain management, in properly selected and supervised patients.
Evolutionary Adaptation and Amyloid Formation: Does the Reduced Amyloidogenicity and Cytotoxicity of Ursine Amylin Contribute to the Metabolic Adaption of Bears and Polar Bears?
Authors: Akter Rehana , Abedini Andisheh , Ridgway Zachary , Zhang Xiaoxue , Kleinberg Joel , Schmidt Ann Marie , Raleigh Daniel P.
Published: December 2016

Much of our knowledge of diabetes is derived from studies of rodent models. An alternative approach explores evolutionary solutions to physiological stress by studying organisms that face challenging metabolic environments. Polar bears eat an enormously lipid‐rich diet without deleterious metabolic consequences. In contrast, transgenic rodents expressing the human neuropancreatic polypeptide hormone amylin develop hyperglycemia and extensive pancreatic islet amyloid when fed a high‐fat diet. The process of islet amyloid formation by human amylin contributes to β‐cell dysfunction and loss of β‐cell mass in type 2 diabetes. We show that ursine amylin is considerably less amyloidogenic and less toxic to β‐cells than human amylin, consistent with the hypothesis that part of the adaptation of bears to metabolic challenges might include protection from islet amyloidosis‐induced β‐cell toxicity. Ursine and human amylin differ at four locations: H18R, S20G, F23L, and S29P. These are interesting from a biophysical perspective, since the S20G mutation accelerates amyloid formation, but the H18R slows it. An H18RS20G double mutant of human amylin behaves similarly to the H18R mutant, indicating that the substitution at position 18 dominates the S20G replacement. These data suggest one possible mechanism underpinning the protection of bears against metabolic challenges and provide insight into the design of soluble analogs of human amylin.
Complex beryllium amidoboranes: Structures, stability, and evaluation of their potential as hydrogen storage materials
Authors: Davydova Elena I. , Lisovenko Anna S. , Timoshkin Alexey Y.
Published: December 2016

Complex beryllium amidoboranes Mx[Be(NH2BH3)x+2] (M = Li‐Cs, x = 1,2) have been computationally studied at M06‐2X/def2‐TZVPPD//B3LYP/def2‐TZVPPD level of theory. Compounds are predicted to be stable at room temperature but release H2 on heating. Agostic Be…HB bonds play an important role in stabilization of oligomeric beryllium imidoboranes. Polymeric imidoborane, hydrogen, and ammonia are expected as major thermal decomposition products of complex beryllium amidoboranes. Ammonia evolution is predicted to proceed at slightly higher temperatures than hydrogen evolution. Based on thermodynamic analysis, Li[Be(NH2BH3)3] and Li2[Be(NH2BH3)4] are the most perspective synthetic targets. Synthetic approaches to these potentially efficient hydrogen storage materials have been proposed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Novel Process for CO2 Capture by Using Sodium Metaborate, Part II: Carbonation Reaction and Kinetic Studies
Authors: Kibar Murat Efgan , Akin Ayşe Nilgün
Published: December 2016

In Part II of this two‐part series of papers, optimization of carbonation reaction with sodium metaborate and kinetics of the reaction are studied and compared to the structural properties, which were reported in Part I. This paper presents a comprehensive study on the optimization of reaction conditions and determination of reaction parameters of sodium metaborate (NaBO2) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Both hydrated and dehydrated forms of NaBO2 have high sorption capacities of CO2 up to 400°C. Decomposition of the products starts beyond 400°C and completes at 600°C. The shrinking core model is used to explain the kinetics of the noncatalytic heterogeneous reaction. The reaction progresses in two stages: one is surface reaction controlled and the other is diffusion controlled. The apparent activation energy and preexponential factor for reaction‐controlled and diffusion‐controlled regions are calculated as 11.8 kJ/mol and 3.5 × 106 cm2/min and 18.2 kJ/mol and 6.5 × 10−5 cm2/min, respectively.
Direct Observation of Alternating Stretch‐Coil and Coil‐Stretch Transitions of Semiflexible Polymers in Microstructured Flow
Authors: Strelnikova Natalja , Göllner Michael , Pfohl Thomas
Published: December 2016

Analyzing the behavior of semiflexible polymers experiencing hydrodynamic forces is an important step toward a better understanding of polymer dynamics in microfluidic applications as well as in living cells. In particular, studying conformational changes of fluorescently labeled, semiflexible actin filaments in flow fields of spatially varying flow strength will significantly contribute to this goal. The experimental situation is realized in flows through structured microchannels with alternating high‐ and low‐velocity segments. While entering the wider channel segments, the semiflexible filaments undergo a buckling transition under compression whereas they are stretched with a suppression of thermal fluctuations in the extensional regime when reentering the narrow segments. The nature of these nonequilibrium and nonstationary conformational transitions is characterized by analyzing the evolution of the end‐to‐end distances, center‐of‐mass velocities, and bending energies along the passage of the filaments through the channels.

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Sichtbarmachung des Primärgefüges der Stähle durch Zusatz von radioaktivem Thorium B
Authors: Tammann Gustav , Bandel Gerhard
Published: December 2016

Herstellung der Thorium B enthaltenden Stähle. Verteilung des Thoriums B im Elektrolyteisen, auch bei Zusätzen von Silizium, Mangan, Phosphor und Schwefel, und in Stählen. Vergleich der Radiogramme mit dem durch Oberhoffer‐Aetzung entwickelten Primärgefüge. Sichtbarmachung submikroskopischer Schlackeneinschlüsse durch Thorium B. Radiogramme von Nickel‐Uran‐Legierungen.
Zur Durchführung der technischen Spektralanalyse
Authors: Feußner Otto
Published: December 2016

Fragen der Anordnung, z. B. der Elektroden, als Voraussetzung für die Spektralanalyse. Besprechung des elektrischen Teiles, vor allem der Stromstärke und Wellenlänge im Zusammenhang mit der Temperatur des Funkens. Besprechung der bekannten Einrichtungen zur Erzeugung des spektralen Lichtes. Kritische Betrachtungen über die Auswertung der Messungen.
Warmsprödigkeit austenitischer Stähle
Authors: Schmidt Max , Jungwirth Otto
Published: December 2016

Einfluß des Kohlenstoffgehaltes, der Vorbehandlung und der Legierung auf die Warmsprödigkeit austenitischer Stähle. Gefügeveränderungen im Temperaturgebiet zwischen 600 und 900°. Nachweis des zwischenkristallinen Bruches. Erklärung der Warmsprödigkeit als abhängig von besonderen Bedingungen des Kristallaufbaues. Einfluß hoher Schmiedeanfangstemperaturen und verschiedener Zerreißgeschwindigkeit auf die Stärke der Warmsprödigkeit.