bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hypoxia induces myeloid‐derived suppressor cell recruitment to hepatocellular carcinoma through chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 26
Authors: Chiu David Kung‐Chun , Xu Iris Ming‐Jing , Lai Robin Kit‐Ho , Tse Aki Pui‐Wah , Wei Larry Lai , Koh Hui‐Yu , Li Lynna Lan , Lee Derek , Lo Regina Cheuk‐Lam , Wong Chun‐Ming , Ng Irene Oi‐Lin , Wong Carmen Chak‐Lui
Published: May 2016

A population of stromal cells, myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), is present in tumors. Though studies have gradually revealed the protumorigenic functions of MDSCs, the molecular mechanisms guiding MDSC recruitment remain largely elusive. Hypoxia, O2 deprivation, is an important factor in the tumor microenvironment of solid cancers, whose growth often exceeds the growth of functional blood vessels. Here, using hepatocellular carcinoma as the cancer model, we show that hypoxia is an important driver of MDSC recruitment. We observed that MDSCs preferentially infiltrate into hypoxic regions in human hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and that hypoxia‐induced MDSC infiltration is dependent on hypoxia‐inducible factors. We further found that hypoxia‐inducible factors activate the transcription of chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 26 in cancer cells to recruit chemokine (C‐X3‐C motif) receptor 1‐expressing MDSCs to the primary tumor. Knockdown of chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 26 in cancer cells profoundly reduces MDSC recruitment, angiogenesis, and tumor growth. Therapeutically, blockade of chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 26 production in cancer cells by the hypoxia‐inducible factor inhibitor digoxin or blockade of chemokine (C‐X3‐C motif) receptor 1 in MDSCs by chemokine (C‐X3‐C motif) receptor 1 neutralizing antibody could substantially suppress MDSC recruitment and tumor growth. Conclusion: This study unprecedentedly reveals a novel molecular mechanism by which cancer cells direct MDSC homing to primary tumor and suggests that targeting MDSC recruitment represents an attractive therapeutic approach against solid cancers. (Hepatology 2016;64:797‐813)
Combined hepatocellular‐cholangiocarcinoma in a patient with Abernethy malformation and tetralogy of Fallot: A case report
Authors: Happaerts Sofie , Foucault Amélie , Billiard Jean Sébastien , Nguyen Bich , Vandenbroucke‐Menu Franck
Published: May 2016

Abernethy malformation is a rare congenital anomaly of the portal vein where the portal blood bypasses the liver. We report the first case of a patient with Abernethy malformation and tetralogy of Fallot associated with nodular regenerative hyperplasia and focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH), which finally evolved to a giant hepatocellular‐cholangiocarcinoma (HCC‐CC) of the liver, successfully resected. (Hepatology 2016;64:1800‐1802)
Occupational Injuries and Deaths in Domestic Waste Collecting Process
Authors: Jeong Byung Yong
Published: May 2016

This study investigates the domestic waste collecting processes and the characteristics of occupational injuries in each collecting process. Accident data for 517 injured persons were categorized by the collecting processes in progress during the accident and were analyzed in terms of age of injured person, length of employment, accident type, and source of accident. Results show that “waste collecting” (42.2%) was the most common type of collecting process in injuries, followed by “loading of waste” (36.3%), “truck driving during collection” (9.3%), “going/returning to work” (8.1%), and “unloading at a disposal site” (4.1%). Also, the most probable form of accident was slips on slippery ground in the “waste collecting” process (18.4%), followed by falls on slippery surface at a height in the process of “loading of waste” (8.5%) and musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) by improper posture and heavy waste bags in “loading of waste” (7.9%), and vehicle accidents in “going/returning to work” (7.4%). Meanwhile, the most deaths were due to falls by clinging on to the footrest of garbage trucks in “truck driving during collection” (28.6%) and vehicle accidents in “going/returning to work” (28.6%). This study is a descriptive retrospective examination of injury records. The findings of this study can be used as basic information in order to prevent hazardous incidents reoccurring in the domestic waste collection industry.
Role of ATG10 expression quantitative trait loci in non‐small cell lung cancer survival
Authors: Xie Kaipeng , Liang Cheng , Li Qin , Yan Caiwang , Wang Cheng , Gu Yayun , Zhu Meng , Du Fangzhi , Wang Hui , Dai Juncheng , Liu Xiao'an , Jin Guangfu , Shen Hongbing , Ma Hongxia , Hu Zhibin
Published: May 2016

The aim of this article was to evaluate whether genetic variants in autophagy‐related genes affect the overall survival (OS) of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. We analyzed 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in core autophagy‐related genes for OS in 1,001 NSCLC patients. Three promising SNPs in ATG10 were subsequently annotated by the expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and methylation quantitative trait loci (meQTL) analyses based on Genotype‐Tissue Expression (GTEx) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets. We observed that the variants of rs10514231, rs1864182 and rs1864183 were associated with poor lung cancer survival (HR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.07–1.65; HR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.13–1.81; HR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.14–1.68, respectively) and positively correlated with ATG10 expression (all p < 0.05) from GTEx and TCGA datasets. The elevated expression of ATG10 may predict shorter survival time in lung cancer patients in TCGA dataset (HR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.33–3.29). Moreover, the variants of rs10514231 and rs1864182 were associated with the increased methylation levels of cg17942617 (meQTL), which in turn contributed to the elevated ATG10 expression and decreased survival time. Further functional assays revealed that ATG10 facilitated lung cancer cell proliferation and migration. Our findings suggest that eQTL/meQTL variations of ATG10 could influence lung cancer survival through regulating ATG10 expression.
Connecting and Collaborating Within and Beyond a Massive Open Online Course
Authors: Pytash Kristine E. , Hicks Troy , Ferdig Richard E.
Published: May 2016

In this article, we draw on the experiences of two young adults, Beth and Jamie (pseudonyms), who participated in a connectivist Massive Open Online Course (cMOOC) to explore how adolescents can become active members in a community of learners and the digital literacy practices that support this entry. We argue that Beth and Jamie engaged in digital literacy practices that allowed them to be socially connected, and that they participated and established themselves as equal members in a community of practice. Their experiences has implications for how we engage students in literacy experiences that encourage them to be connected learners in larger communities of practice.
Integrated approach to testing and assessment for predicting rodent genotoxic carcinogenicity
Authors: Petkov Petko I. , Schultz Terry W. , Donner E. Maria , Honma Masamitsu , Morita Takeshi , Hamada Shuichi , Wakata Akihiro , Mishima Masayuki , Maniwa Jiro , Todorov Milen , Kaloyanova Elena , Kotov Stefan , Mekenyan Ovanes G.
Published: May 2016

We investigated the performance of an integrated approach to testing and assessment (IATA), designed to cover different genotoxic mechanisms causing cancer and to replicate measured carcinogenicity data included in a new consolidated database. Genotoxic carcinogenicity was predicted based on positive results from at least two genotoxicity tests: one in vitro and one in vivo (which were associated with mutagenicity categories according to the Globally Harmonized System classification). Substances belonging to double positives mutagenicity categories were assigned to be genotoxic carcinogens. In turn, substances that were positive only in a single mutagenicity test were assigned to be mutagens. Chemicals not classified by the selected genotoxicity endpoints were assigned to be negative genotoxic carcinogens and subsequently evaluated for their capability to elicit non‐genotoxic carcinogenicity. However, non‐genotoxic carcinogenicity mechanisms were not currently included in the developed IATA. The IATA is docked to the OECD Toolbox and uses measured data for different genotoxicity endpoints when available. Alternatively, the system automatically provides predictions by SAR genotoxicity models using the OASIS Tissue Metabolism Simulator platform. When the developed IATA was tested against the consolidated database, its performance was found to be high, with sensitivity of 74% and specificity of 83%, when measured carcinogenicity data were used along with predictions falling within the models' applicability domains. Performance of the IATA would be slightly changed to a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 72% when the evaluation by non‐genotoxic carcinogenicity mechanisms was taken into account. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toxic effects of chemical dispersant Corexit 9500 on water flea Daphnia magna
Authors: Toyota Kenji , McNabb Nicole A. , Spyropoulos Demetri D. , Iguchi Taisen , Kohno Satomi
Published: May 2016

In 2010, approximately 2.1 million gallons of chemical dispersants, mainly Corexit 9500, were applied in the Gulf of Mexico to prevent the oil slick from reaching shorelines and to accelerate biodegradation of oil during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Recent studies have revealed toxic effects of Corexit 9500 on marine microzooplankton that play important roles in food chains in marine ecosystems. However, there is still little known about the toxic effects of Corexit 9500 on freshwater zooplankton, even though oil spills do occur in freshwater and chemical dispersants may be used in response to these spills. The cladoceran crustacean, water flea Daphnia magna, is a well‐established model species for various toxicological tests, including detection of juvenile hormone‐like activity in test compounds. In this study, we conducted laboratory experiments to investigate the acute and chronic toxicity of Corexit 9500 using D. magna. The acute toxicity test was conducted according to OECD TG202 and the 48 h EC50 was 1.31 ppm (CIs 0.99–1.64 ppm). The reproductive chronic toxicity test was performed following OECD TG211 ANNEX 7 and 21 days LOEC and NOEC values were 4.0 and 2.0 ppm, respectively. These results indicate that Corexit 9500 has toxic effects on daphnids, particularly during the neonatal developmental stage, which is consistent with marine zooplankton results, whereas juvenile hormone‐like activity was not identified. Therefore, our findings of the adverse effects of Corexit 9500 on daphnids suggest that application of this type of chemical dispersant may have catastrophic impacts on freshwater ecosystems by disrupting the key food chain network. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The functional response of bioactive titania‐modified three‐dimensional Ti‐6Al‐4V mesh structure toward providing a favorable pathway for intercellular communication and osteoincorporation
Authors: Nune K. C. , Misra R. D. K. , Li S. J. , Hao Y. L. , Zhang W.
Published: May 2016

The objective of the study is to fundamentally elucidate the biological response of 3D printed mesh structures subjected to plasma electrolytic oxidation process through the study of osteoblast functions. The cellular activity of plasma electrolytic‐oxidized mesh structure was explored in terms of cell‐to‐cell communication involving proliferation, synthesis of extracellular and intracellular proteins, and mineralization. Upon plasma electrolytic oxidation of the mesh structure, a thin layer of bioactive titania with pore size 1–3 µm was nucleated on the surface. The combination of microporous bioactive titania and interconnected porous architecture provided the desired pathway for supply of nutrients and oxygen to cells and tissue and a favorable osteogenic microenvironment for tissue on‐growth and in‐growth, in relation to the unmodified mesh structure. The formation of a confluent layer as envisaged via electron microscopy and quantitative assessment of the expression level of proteins (actin, vinculin, and fibronectin) point toward the determining role of surface‐modified mesh structure in modulating osteoblasts functions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2488–2501, 2016.
Canine Adipose‐Derived Stem Cells: Purinergic Characterization and Neurogenic Potential for Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Roszek Katarzyna , Makowska Noemi , Czarnecka Joanna , Porowińska Dorota , Dąbrowski Marcin , Danielewska Justyna , Nowak Wiesław
Published: May 2016

The presented results evidence that canine adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) represent the premature population of stem cells with great biological potential and properties. ADCS are easy to obtain and culture, able to differentiate into the neurogenic lineage as well as it is easy to control their proliferation rate with nucleotides and nucleosides or analogues. We report that in vitro cultured canine ADSCs response to adenosine‐ and ATP‐mediated stimulation. Differences in canine ADSCs and human mesenchymal stem cells in ecto‐nucleotidase activity have been observed. The ecto‐nucleotidase activity changes during ADSCs in vitro transdifferentiation into neurogenic lineage are fast and simple to analyze. Therefore, the simple analysis of ecto‐enzymes activity allows for verification of the stem cells quality: their stemness or initiation of the differentiation process. The biological potential of the cells isolated from canine fat, as well as the good quality control of this cell culture, make them a promising tool for both experimental and therapeutic usage. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 58–65, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Simple, Rapid, and Highly Sensitive Electrochemical DNA Sensor for the Detection of α‐ and β‐Thalassemia in China
Authors: Chen Pei‐Qi , Liang Qian‐Ni , Huang Tao‐Sheng , Liu Tian‐Cai , Li Ming
Published: May 2016

Background

Because of the life‐consuming treatment and severe consequences associated with thalassemia, it is more effective to prevent than cure thalassemia. Rapid and sensitive detection is critical for controlling thalassemia. In this study, we developed a rapid and accurate test to genotype nondeletional α‐ and β‐thalassemia mutations by an electrochemical DNA sensor.

Methods

Screen‐printed electrodes were used as electrochemical transducers for the sensor, in which the capture probe DNA was attached to the golden surface of the working electrode via an S–Au covalent bond, which is highly suitable for immobilizing the biological element. In addition, two types of ferrocene with varying redox potentials for modified signal probe DNA were adopted. The hybridization signal is detected by alternating current voltammetry when the capture probe and signal probe hybridize with the target DNA.

Results

With this technique, 12 types of nondeletional α‐ and β‐thalassemia mutations were detected, which constitute more than 90% of all the nondeletional types of thalassemia mutation determinants found in China, including the CD142 (TAA>CAA) Constand spring, CD125 (CTG>CCG) Quonsze, CD122 (CAC>CAG) Weastmead, −28 (A>G), Cap+1 (A>C), initiation codon (ATG>AGG), CD17 (AAG>TAG), CD26 (GAG>AAG), CD31(‐C), CD41‐42 (‐CTTT), CD71‐72 (+A), and IVS‐II‐654 (C>T) mutations. Concordance levels were 100% within the 20 blood samples of homozygous wild‐type individuals and 238 blood samples of heterozygous mutant individuals.

Conclusions

The electrochemical DNA sensor developed here can be applied for rapid genotyping of thalassemia or other clinical genotyping applications and is useful for early screening of thalassemia in high‐risk groups by minimizing the time and investment cost.
Ear ossicle morphology of the Jurassic euharamiyidan Arboroharamiya and evolution of mammalian middle ear
Authors: Meng Jin , Bi Shundong , Zheng Xiaoting , Wang Xiaoli
Published: May 2016

The middle ear bones of Mesozoic mammals are rarely preserved as fossils and the morphology of these ossicles in the earliest mammals remains poorly known. Here, we report the stapes and incus of the euharamiyidan Arboroharamiya from the lower Upper Jurassic (∼160 Ma) of northern China, which represent the earliest known mammalian middle ear ossicles. Both bones are miniscule in relation to those in non‐mammalian cynodonts. The skull length/stapedial footplate diameter ratio is estimated as 51.74 and the stapes length as the percentage of the skull length is 4%; both numbers fall into the stapes size ranges of mammals. The stapes is “rod‐like” and has a large stapedial foramen. It is unique among mammaliaforms in having a distinct posterior process that is interpreted as for insertion of the stapedius muscle and homologized to the ossified proximal (stapedial) end of the interhyal, on which the stapedius muscle attached. The incus differs from the quadrate of non‐mammalian cynodonts such as morganucodontids in having small size and a slim short process. Along with lack of the postdentary trough and Meckelian groove on the medial surface of the dentary, the ossicles suggest development of the definitive mammalian middle ear (DMME) in Arboroharamiya. Among various higher‐level phylogenetic hypotheses of mammals, the one we preferred places “haramiyidans” within Mammalia. Given this phylogeny, development of the DMME took place once in the allotherian clade containing euharamiyidans and multituberculates, probably independent to those of monotremes and therians. Thus, the DMME has evolved at least three times independently in mammals. Alternative hypothesis that placed “haramiyidans” outside of Mammalia would require independent acquisition of the DMME in multituberculates and euharamiyidans as well as parallel evolution of numerous derived similarities in the dentition, occlusion pattern, mandibles, cranium, and postcranium between the two groups and between “haramiyidans” and other mammals. J. Morphol. 279:441–457, 2018. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rainfall variability over Zimbabwe and its relation to large‐scale atmosphere–ocean processes
Authors: Mamombe Vimbai , Kim WonMoo , Choi Yong‐Sang
Published: May 2016

The relationship between interannual variability of Zimbabwe rainfall and atmosphere–ocean interaction processes is established using high‐resolution rainfall station datasets. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis is used to extract the spatiotemporal modes that explain most of the variations in the rainfall pattern. Results suggest strong homogeneity in the rainfall pattern that is dominantly described by EOF mode 1. The correlation analysis of mode 1 with sea surface temperatures (SSTs) supports the assumption that El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has a significant influence on Zimbabwe summer rainfall. Significant correlations exist between rainfall and SSTs over large regions of the tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans. The seasonal response of rainfall to the southern annular mode is reflected in both modes 1 and 2. Mode 1 suggests homogeneity in rainfall variations within the country and mode 2 describes the north–south rainfall fluctuations in the country. Although the magnitudes of their loadings are small, modes 3 and 4 extracted distinct rainfall regions within the country. This could be attributed to the use of more reliable, higher resolution rainfall data. These findings will assist to bring profound improvements to seasonal rainfall forecasting techniques around the country.
In vivo performance of an acellular disc‐like angle ply structure (DAPS) for total disc replacement in a small animal model
Authors: Martin John T. , Kim Dong Hwa , Milby Andrew H. , Pfeifer Christian G. , Smith Lachlan J. , Elliott Dawn M. , Smith Harvey E. , Mauck Robert L.
Published: May 2016

Total intervertebral disc replacement with a biologic engineered disc may be an alternative to spinal fusion for treating end‐stage disc disease. In previous work, we developed disc‐like angle ply structures (DAPS) that replicate the structure and function of the native disc and a rat tail model to evaluate DAPS in vivo. Here, we evaluated a strategy in which, after in vivo implantation, endogenous cells could colonize the acellular DAPS and form an extracellular matrix organized by the DAPS topographical template. To do so, acellular DAPS were implanted into the caudal spines of rats and evaluated over 12 weeks by mechanical testing, histology, and microcomputed tomography. An external fixation device was used to stabilize the implant site and various control groups were included to evaluate the effect of immobilization. There was robust tissue formation within the DAPS after implantation and compressive mechanical properties of the implant matched that of the native motion segment. Immobilization provided a stable site for fibrous tissue formation after either a discectomy or a DAPS implantation, but bony fusion eventually resulted, with segments showing intervertebral bridging after long‐term implantation, a process that was accelerated by the implanted DAPS. Thus, while compressive mechanical properties were replicated after DAPS implantation, methods to actively prevent fusion must be developed. Future work will focus on limiting fusion by remobilizing the motion segment after a period of integration, delivering pro‐chondrogenic factors, and pre‐seeding DAPS with cells prior to implantation. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:23–31, 2017.
Compost biofortification with diazotrophic and P‐solubilizing bacteria improves maturation process and P availability
Authors: Busato Jader G , Zandonadi Daniel B , Mól Alan R , Souza Rafaela S , Aguiar Kamilla P , Júnior Fábio B Reis , Olivares Fábio L
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUND

Phosphorus‐containing fertilizers play an important role in tropical agriculture owing to the well documented shortage of plant‐available P in soils. Traditional P fertilizer production is based on chemical processing of insoluble rock phosphate (RP), which includes an acid treatment at high temperature. Processing the RP increases fertilizer costs, making it unavailable for undercapitalized and typically family‐based farmers. Biotechnological methods have been proposed as an alternative to increase phosphate availability in RP. In this study, Burkholderia silvatlantica and Herbaspirillum seropedicae were co‐inoculated into an RP‐enriched compost with the aim of determining the effects of this technology on the levels of phosphatase activities and release of plant‐available P.

RESULTS

Inoculation of both microorganisms resulted in higher organic matter decomposition and higher humic acid formation in composting. Herbaspirillum seropedicae was the most promising microorganism for the production of acid and alkaline phosphatase enzymes. Both microorganisms presented potential to increase the supply of P from poorly soluble sources owing to increased levels of water‐soluble P and citric acid P.

CONCLUSION

Burkholderia silvatlantica and H. seropedicae in RP‐enriched compost may represent an important biotechnological tool to reduce the overall time required for composting and increase the supply of P from poorly soluble sources. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Lesson Learned and Best Practice Management: A Tool to Support the Enterprise
Authors: Latino Maria Elena , Corallo Angelo , Capone Ilaria , Martino Danilo , Trifoglio Antonella
Published: May 2016

This paper describes SKILLS—Sharing Knowledge in Lesson Learned System, a solution composed by a web‐based tool and a business process that supports the enterprise in managing and sharing Lessons Learned and Best Practices. SKILLS follows a community based approach, increasing the percentage of explicit knowledge. The solution deals with real issues in Aerospace Company domain, following a methodology composed by three main phases: Analysis of operative contest; analysis of Processes and needs and Solution Development. Starting from a context analysis, conducted using interviews, we identify the company needs. Then, we propose a new Lesson Learned and Best Practice management process, and we explain the functionalities of SKILLS, a tool useful to solve the issues identified and satisfies the company needs. Several users can access to two types of services: the first one oriented to contents (discussion, lesson, lesson learned, best practice) creation and validation, the second one more oriented to horizontal functionality (advanced search, tagging and categorization, user profiling, user page, instant communication). SKILLS covers all activities of Lesson Learned and Best Practice management process, following a collaborative approach, where a community of knowledge workers share knowledge and know‐how and solve operative issue, enabling the externalization process of SECI model. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Broader outreach: Fad or future?
Authors: Williams Vicky
Published: May 2016

Key points

Drivers to communicate research beyond the academy are increasing, but tension exists between traditional and new scholarly formats.

Removal of subscription barriers allows research to be accessed but does not make it accessible: language/tone/medium all play their part.

Research that is clearly communicated and promoted increases engagement significantly in both peer and non‐peer audiences.

To drive impact, creators and service providers need to work in partnership to extend the reach of the traditional scholarly record.
What causes peer review scams and how can they be prevented?
Authors: Kulkarni Sneha
Published: May 2016

Key points

Peer review, the cornerstone of academic publishing, has come under a lot of criticism for its flaws and has been manipulated by both authors and editors.

Lack of review transparency is a contributing factor to peer review problems.

Pressure to publish – among authors and journals – is adding to peer review problems.

Technology can help maintain review integrity, although editorial vigilance remains key.
Utility of maximum perfusion intensity as an ultrasonographic marker of intraneural blood flow
Authors: Borire Adeniyi A. , Visser Leo H. , Padua Luca , Colebatch James G. , Huynh William , Simon Neil G. , Kiernan Matthew C. , Krishnan Arun V.
Published: May 2016

We quantified intraneural blood flow (INBF) using perfusion measurement software (PixelFlux), and compared it with the qualitative method of counting blood vessels (vessel score) in a cohort of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) patients. Methods: Forty‐seven patients (67 wrists) with a clinical and electrophysiological diagnosis of CTS, and 20 healthy controls (40 wrists) were enrolled. Median nerve ultrasound (US) was performed at the carpal tunnel inlet to measure the cross‐sectional area (CSA) and vessel score. Power Doppler sonograms from nerves with detectable INBF were processed with PixelFlux to obtain the maximum perfusion intensity (MPI). Results: Forty‐nine percent of CTS patients had detectable INBF compared with none in the control group (P < 0.0001). MPI correlated significantly with vessel score (r = 0.945, P < 0.0001), CSA (r = 0.613, P < 0.0001), and electrophysiological severity (r = 0.440, P < 0.0001). MPI had higher intra‐ or interobserver reliability compared with vessel score (0.95 vs. 0.47). Conclusion: MPI is a better method for quantification of INBF. Muscle Nerve, 2016 Muscle Nerve 55: 77–83, 2017
Updated Lagrangian/Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian framework for interaction between a compressible neo‐Hookean structure and an incompressible fluid
Authors: Murea Cornel Marius , Sy Soyibou
Published: May 2016

We propose a numerical method for a fluid–structure interaction problem. The material of the structure is homogeneous, isotropic, and it can be described by the compressible neo‐Hookean constitutive equation, while the fluid is governed by the Navier–Stokes equations. Our study does not use turbulence model. Updated Lagrangian method is used for the structure and fluid equations are written in Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian coordinates. One global moving mesh is employed for the fluid–structure domain, where the fluid–structure interface is an ‘interior boundary’ of the global mesh. At each time step, we solve a monolithic system of unknown velocity and pressure defined on the global mesh. The continuity of velocity at the interface is automatically satisfied, while the continuity of stress does not appear explicitly in the monolithic fluid–structure system. This method is very fast because at each time step, we solve only one linear system. This linear system was obtained by the linearization of the structure around the previous position in the updated Lagrangian formulation and by the employment of a linear convection term for the fluid. Numerical results are presented. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk of post‐gastric bypass surgery hypoglycemia in nondiabetic individuals: A single center experience
Authors: Lee Clare J. , Wood G. Craig , Lazo Mariana , Brown Todd T. , Clark Jeanne M. , Still Christopher , Benotti Peter
Published: May 2016

Objective

The epidemiology of post‐gastric bypass surgery hypoglycemia (PGBH) is incompletely understood. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of PGBH among nondiabetic patients and associated factors.

Methods

A cohort study of nondiabetic patients who underwent Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) was conducted. PGBH was defined by any postoperative record of glucose < 60 mg/dL, diagnosis of hypoglycemia, or any medication use for treatment of PGBH. Kaplan‐Meier analysis was used to describe PGBH occurrence, log‐rank tests, and Cox regression to examine associated factors.

Results

Of the 1,206 eligible patients, 86% were female with mean age of 43.7 years, mean preoperative BMI of 48.7 kg/m2, and a mean follow‐up of 4.8 years. The cumulative incidence of hypoglycemia at 1 and 5 years post‐RYGB was 2.7% and 13.3%, respectively. Incidence of PGBH was identified in 158 patients and was associated with lower preoperative BMI (P = 0.048), lower preoperative HbA1c (P = 0.012), and higher 6‐month percent of excess body weight loss (%EWL) (P = 0.001). A lower preoperative HbA1c (HR = 1.73, P = 0.0034) and higher 6‐month %EWL (HR = 1.96, P = 0.0074) remained independently correlated with increased risk for PGBH in multi‐regression analysis.

Conclusions

The 5‐year incidence of PGBH among nondiabetic individuals was 13.3% and was associated with a lower preoperative HbA1c and greater weight loss at 6 months following surgery.
LLDPE films containing monoester of oleic acid grafted to silica particles as durable antifog additives
Authors: Rosen‐Kligvasser Jasmine , Suckeveriene Ran Y. , Tchoudakov Roza , Narkis Moshe
Published: May 2016

Antifog additives (AF) are incorporated into polymeric systems to improve their wettability. When added to a polyethylene (PE) film, the AF molecules migrate to the films' surface and their concentration decreases; over time the additive's effect desists. Extended additives' performance is necessary to avoid frequent substitution of PE films for different applications (e.g. greenhouses coverings), as a result, reducing plastics' waste and contributing to environmental sustainability.

This paper presents a simple, low cost, one‐step reaction to create durable AF for PE films, as well as a thorough study of AF migration rate, fog activity, and film properties. Films are prepared by compression‐molding (laboratory scale) and cast‐extrusion (pilot scale). FTIR (Fourier Transform IR) and TGA (Thermal Gravimetric Analysis) measurements confirm the existence of AF grafted particles. Aging tests depict a significant decrease of the AF migration rate. An evaluation test procedure for AF performance shows an extended duration of the AF's activity; the cast‐extrusion films exhibit improved AF durability, compared with the compression‐molded films. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feasibility of Home‐Based Computerized Working Memory Training With Children and Adolescents With Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Hardy Steven J. , Hardy Kristina K. , Schatz Jeffrey C. , Thompson Amanda L. , Meier Emily R.
Published: May 2016

Background

Children with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at increased risk for neurocognitive deficits, yet the literature describing interventions to ameliorate these problems and promote academic achievement is limited. We evaluated the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a home‐based computerized working memory (WM) training intervention (Cogmed) in children with SCD.

Procedure

Youth with SCD between the age of 7 and 16 years completed an initial neuropsychological assessment; those with WM deficits were loaned an iPad on which they accessed Cogmed at home. Participants were instructed to work on Cogmed 5 days each week for 5 weeks (25 training sessions). We examined Cogmed usage characteristics and change on WM assessment scores following the intervention.

Results

Of the 21 participants (M age = 11.38, SD = 2.78; Mdn age = 10.00, interquartile range [IQR] = 5.00; 52% female) screened, 60% exhibited WM deficits (n = 12) and received the intervention and 50% (n = 6) completed Cogmed. The mean number of sessions completed was 15.83 (SD = 7.73; Mdn = 17.00, IQR = 16.00); females were more likely to complete Cogmed, χ2(1) = 6.00, P = 0.01. Participants who reported lower SCD‐related pain impact completed more sessions (r = 0.71, P = 0.01). Children who completed Cogmed exhibited improvements in verbal WM, visuospatial short‐term memory, and visuospatial WM.

Conclusions

Initial findings suggest Cogmed is associated with WM improvement in youth with SCD; however, adherence was lower than expected. Home‐based WM interventions may ameliorate SCD‐related WM deficits but strategies are needed to address barriers to program completion.
The relevance of experiential avoidance in breast cancer distress: insights from a psychological group intervention
Authors: Aguirre‐Camacho Aldo , Pelletier Guy , González‐Márquez Ana , Blanco‐Donoso Luis M. , García‐Borreguero Paula , Moreno‐Jiménez Bernardo
Published: May 2016

Background

Research on the implication of experiential avoidance in the aetiology and maintenance of diverse forms of psychopathology has grown considerably over the last 10 years. However, the potential contribution of experiential avoidance to cancer‐related distress has received limited attention. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to examine the association between experiential avoidance, symptoms of anxiety and depression, and quality of life (QoL) during the course of a psychological group intervention for women with breast cancer.

Methods

Fifty‐four women with breast cancer participated in a psychological group intervention designed to reduce distress and improve QoL. Participants completed measures of experiential avoidance, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and QoL upon the first and last sessions.

Results

A path analysis revealed that, after controlling for baseline measures, smaller reductions in experiential avoidance during the course of the intervention predicted smaller reductions in anxiety and depressive symptoms. Also, experiential avoidance had a negative indirect effect on QoL via depressive symptoms.

Conclusions

Experiential avoidance may perpetuate the emotional problems commonly found in women with breast cancer and attenuate improvements associated with participation in psychological interventions. Implications for clinical practice in psycho‐oncology are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An adaptive event‐triggering scheme for networked interconnected control system with stochastic uncertainty
Authors: Gu Zhou , Shi Peng , Yue Dong
Published: May 2016

This paper investigates the problem of adaptive event‐triggering scheme for networked interconnected systems to relieve the burden of the network bandwidth. The data releasing is triggered by an adaptive event‐triggering device. The triggering condition depends on the state information at both the latest releasing instant and the current sampling instant. The threshold of the triggering parameter is achieved online rather than a predetermined constant. Taking the network‐induced delays and the coupling delays of the subsystems into account, together with the hybrid adaptive event‐triggering scheme and the stochastic uncertainty, we propose an unified model of the networked interconnected system. Sufficient conditions for the mean square stability and stabilization of the interconnected systems are developed by using Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional approach. A co‐designed method is put forward to obtain the controller gains and the weight of the triggering condition simultaneously. Finally, an example is provided to demonstrate the design method. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In situ ion beam sputter deposition and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of multiple thin layers under computer control for combinatorial materials synthesis
Authors: Wilson Thomas A. , Barlow Anders J. , Foster Michael L. , Bravo Sanchez Mariela , Portoles Jose F. , Sano Naoko , Cumpson Peter J. , Fletcher Ian W.
Published: May 2016

Deposition of ultra‐thin layers under computer control is a frequent requirement in studies of novel sensors, materials screening, heterogeneous catalysis, the probing of band offsets near semiconductor junctions and many other applications. Often large‐area samples are produced by magnetron sputtering from multiple targets or by atomic layer deposition (ALD). Samples can then be transferred to an analytical chamber for checking by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) or other surface‐sensitive spectroscopies. The ‘wafer‐scale’ nature of these tools is often greater than is required in combinatorial studies, where a few square centimetres or even millimetres of sample is sufficient for each composition to be tested. The large size leads to increased capital cost, problems of registration as samples are transferred between deposition and analysis, and often makes the use of precious metals as sputter targets prohibitively expensive. Instead we have modified a commercial sample block designed to perform angle‐resolved XPS in a commercial XPS instrument. This now allows ion‐beam sputter deposition from up to six different targets under complete computer control. Ion beam deposition is an attractive technology for depositing ultra‐thin layers of great purity under ultra‐high vacuum conditions, but is generally a very expensive technology. Our new sample block allows ion beam sputtering using the ion gun normally used for sputter depth‐profiling of samples, greatly reducing the cost and allowing deposition to be done (and checked by XPS) in situ in a single instrument. Precious metals are deposited cheaply and efficiently by ion‐beam sputtering from thin metal foils. Samples can then be removed, studied and exposed to reactants or surface treatments before being returned to the XPS to examine and quantify the effects. Copyright © 2016 The Authors Surface and Interface Analysis Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
New occurrences of tetrapod ichnotaxa from the Permian Orobic Basin (Northern Italy) and critical discussion of the age of the ichnoassociation
Authors: Marchetti Lorenzo
Published: May 2016

The late Cisuralian (Artinskian–Kungurian) is a key time interval for Permian tetrapod evolution. In all the main low‐latitude Pangean sites, the fossil footprint record clearly shows a diversification and dispersal of non‐synapsid amniote tracks compared to the early Cisuralian (Asselian–Sakmarian). However, data on latest Cisuralian (i.e. late Kungurian) sites are quite fragmentary. A new ichnotaxonomic study was carried out in the central part of the Orobic Basin, where the highly‐fossiliferous Pizzo del Diavolo formation crops out and can potentially cover this gap in knowledge. The following tetrapod ichnogenera were identified: Amphisauropus, Batrachichnus, cf. Dimetropus, Dromopus, Erpetopus, Hyloidichnus, Limnopus, cf. Merifontichnus and Varanopus; they can be attributed to seymouriamorph and temnospondyl amphibians; pelycosaur synapsids; and diapsid, parareptile and captorhinid reptiles. Dimetropus and Merifontichnus are identified for the first time in the Permian of Italy. The ichnoassociation, in agreement with the radiometric dating of the underlying Cabianca formation, suggests a late Kungurian (latest Cisuralian) age for the Pizzo del Diavolo formation. It includes the youngest and most diverse non‐synapsid amniote ichnofauna of the Cisuralian with five different ichnogenera and possibly six ichnospecies, and thus constitutes a key area for the study of eureptile and parareptile dispersal at low latitudes of Pangaea in the time span that immediately pre‐dates the first therapsid synapsid radiation.
Ego‐resiliency development from late adolescence to emerging adulthood: A ten‐year longitudinal study
Authors: Alessandri Guido , Eisenberg Nancy , Vecchione Michele , Caprara Gian Vittorio , Milioni Michela
Published: May 2016

This study examined the development of ego‐resiliency from late adolescence to emerging adulthood, using a 10‐year cohort‐sequential design. Participants were 335 Italian adolescents (173 females and 162 males), living, at the time of the study, in Genzano, a small city near to Rome. Latent growth curve analyses indicated that the developmental trajectory of ego‐resiliency from 15 to 25 years is adequately described by a piecewise model that included separate growth profiles corresponding to different developmental stages. Essentially, ego‐resiliency remained remarkably stable until the end of high school, and then encountered a phase of relative increase. Moreover, the trajectory of ego‐resiliency from ages 15 to 19 was predicted by self‐efficacy beliefs in managing negative emotions, and the trajectory from age 19 to 25 was predicted by experienced familial support and self‐efficacy beliefs in expressing positive emotions at age 15. Experienced stressful life events also accounted for individuals' deviation from the typical ego‐resiliency trajectory.
Assessment of drug‐induced proarrhythmias due to pilsicainide in patients with atrial tachyarrhythmias
Authors: Koike Hideki , Fujino Tadashi , Koike Makiko , Yao Shintaro , Shinohara Masaya , Kitahara Ken , Kinoshita Toshio , Yuzawa Hitomi , Suzuki Takeya , Sato Hideyuki , Fukunaga Shunji , Kobayashi Kenzaburo , Ikeda Takanori
Published: May 2016

Background

Pilsicainide, a pure Na+ channel blocker, is a popular antiarrhythmic drug for the management of atrial tachyarrhythmias (AT), in Japan. However, serious drug‐induced proarrhythmias (DIPs) may unexpectedly occur. We assessed the clinical background of AT patients presenting with DIPs caused by pilsicainide.

Methods

This study retrospectively enrolled 874 consecutive patients (543 men, 63.6±15.3 years old, and 57.9±16.5 kg of body weight), who were orally administered pilsicainide for AT management. We evaluated the relationship between DIPs and serum pilsicainide concentration, renal dysfunction (estimate glomerular filtration rate, eGFR), and electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters.

Results

Among the patients, 154 (17.6%) had renal dysfunction (eGFR<50 mL/min), including 12 (1.4%) on hemodialysis. DIPs were present in 10 patients (1.1%): all had renal dysfunction, and one was on hemodialysis. The eGFR in DIP patients was significantly lower than that in the non‐DIP patients (32.2±15.1 vs. 68.4±22.1 mL/min, p<0.001). Among the clinical factors measured, only renal dysfunction (eGFR<50 mL/min) was significantly associated with DIPs (OR 44.6; 95% CI 5.61–335.0, p<0.001). Interestingly, among the ECG parameters, the corrected QT (QTc) intervals in DIP patients were longer than those in non‐DIP patients (555.8±37.6 vs. 430.7±32.6 ms, p<0.001). As pilsicainide concentration increased, both QRS and QTc intervals prolonged. The latter were improved by discontinuing pilsicainide administration, and additional treatments.

Conclusions

DIPs caused by pilsicainide administration were strongly associated with renal dysfunction. Hence, confirmation of renal function would be necessary prior to and/or during the pilsicainide administration.
Genesis and crystallization of ultramafic alkaline carbonatite magmas of Siberia: ore potential, mantle sources, and relationship with plume activity
Authors: Vladykin N.V.
Published: May 2016

This paper discusses the genesis of large Siberian alkaline massifs hosting major ore deposits. These reference massifs are grouped based on the predominance of alkalies (K or Na) and their agpaitic index (miaskitic and agpaitic). We proposed new emplacement schemes for the Tomtor, Murun, Burpala, Synnyr, and Bilibino massifs supported by petrochemical and geochemical data, as well as new age estimates. Types of their ore potential and genesis of rare-metal mineralization are discussed. The formational types of carbonatites as the main ore-bearing rocks are given. The depth of magma generation and types of mantle sources are determined using isotopic data from previous studies. A model of plume-related generation of ultramafic alkaline magmas is proposed.
The 1501 Ma Kuonamka Large Igneous Province of northern Siberia: U–Pb geochronology, geochemistry, and links with coeval magmatism on other crustal blocks
Authors: Ernst R.E. , Okrugin A.V. , Veselovskiy R.V. , Kamo S.L. , Hamilton M.A. , Pavlov V. , Söderlund U. , Chamberlain K.R. , Rogers C.
Published: May 2016

A new large igneous province (LIP), the 1501 ± 3 Ma Kuonamka LIP, extends across 700 km of northern Siberia and is linked with coeval dikes and sills in the formerly attached São Francisco craton (SFC)–Congo craton to yield a short-duration event 2000 km across. The age of the Kuonamka LIP can be summarized as 1501 ± 3 Ma (95% confidence), based on 7 U–Pb ID-TIMS ages (6 new herein) from dolerite dikes and sills across the Anabar shield and within western Riphean cover rocks for a distance of 270 km. An additional sill yielded a SIMS (CAMECA) age of 1483 ± 17 Ma and sill in the Olenek uplift several hundred kilometers farther east, a previous SIMS (SHRIMP) age of ca. 1473 Ma was obtained on a sill; both SIMS ages are within the age uncertainty of the ID-TIMS ages. Geochemical data indicate a tholeiitic basalt composition with low MgO (4–7 wt%) within-plate character based on trace element classification diagrams and source between E-MORB and OIB with only minor contamination from crust or metasomatized lithospheric mantle. Two subgroups are distinguished: Group 1 has gently sloping LREE ((La/Sm)PM = 1.9) and HREE ((Gd/Yb)PM = 1.8) patterns, slightly negative Sr and moderate TiO2 (2.2 wt%), and Group 2 has steeper LREE ((La/Sm)PM = 2.3) and HREE ((Gd/Yb)PM = 2.3), strong negative Sr anomaly, is higher in TiO2 (2.7 wt%), and is transitional from tholeiitic to weakly alkaline in composition. The slight differences in REE slopes are consistent with Group 2 on average melting at deeper levels. Proposed reconstructions of the Kuonamka LIP with 1500 Ma magmatism of the SFC–Congo craton are supported by a geochemical comparison. Specifically, the chemistry of the Chapada Diamantina and Curaça dikes of the SFC can be linked to that of Groups 1 and 2, respectively, of the Kuonamka LIP and are consistent with a common mantle source between EMORB and OIB and subsequent differentiation history. However, the coeval Humpata sills and dikes of the Angola block of the Congo craton represent a different magma batch.