bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagenesis and Reservoir Properties of the Permian Ecca Group Sandstones and Mudrocks in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Baiyegunhi Christopher , Liu Kuiwu , Gwavava Oswald
Published: May 2017

Diagenesis is one of the most important factors that affects reservoir rock property. Despite the fact that published data gives a vast amount of information on the geology, sedimentology, and lithostratigraphy of the Ecca Group in the Karoo Basin of South Africa, little is known about the diagenesis of the potentially feasible or economically viable sandstones and mudrocks of the Ecca Group. This study aims to provide an account of the diagenesis of sandstones and mudstones from the Ecca Group. Twenty-five diagenetic textures and structures were identified and grouped into three stages that include early diagenesis, burial diagenesis and uplift-related diagenesis. Clay minerals are the most common cementing materials in the sandstones. Smectite, kaolinite, and illite are the major clay minerals that act as pore lining rims and pore-filling materials. A part of the clay minerals and detrital grains was strongly replaced by calcite. Calcite precipitates locally in the pore spaces and partially or completely replaced clay matrix, feldspar, and quartz grains at or around their margins. Precipitation of cements and formation of pyrite and authigenic minerals occurred during the early diagenetic stage. This process was followed by lithification and compaction which brought about an increase in tightness of grain packing, loss of pore spaces, and thinning of bedding thickness due to overloading of sediments and selective dissolution of the framework grains. Mineral overgrowths, mineral replacement, clay-mineral transformation, dissolution, deformation, and pressure solution occurred during burial diagenetic stage. After rocks were uplifted, weathered and unroofed by erosion, this resulted in decementation and oxidation of iron-rich minerals. The rocks of the Ecca Group were subjected to moderate-intense mechanical and chemical compaction during their progressive burial. Intergranular pores, secondary dissolution, and fractured pores are well developed in the sediments of the Ecca Group. The presence of fractured and dissolution pores tend to enhance reservoir quality. However, the isolated nature of the pore linkage makes them unfavorable producers of hydrocarbons, which at best would require stimulation. The understanding of the space and time distribution of diagenetic processes in these rocks will allow the development of predictive models of their reservoir quality, which may contribute to the reduction of risks involved in hydrocarbon (oil and gas) exploration.
Recent Advances in Asymmetric Organocatalyzed Conjugate Additions to Nitroalkenes
Authors: Alonso Diego , Baeza Alejandro , Chinchilla Rafael , Gómez Cecilia , Guillena Gabriela , Pastor Isidro , Ramón Diego
Published: May 2017

The asymmetric conjugate addition of carbon and heteroatom nucleophiles to nitroalkenes is a very interesting tool for the construction of highly functionalized synthetic building blocks. Thanks to the rapid development of asymmetric organocatalysis, significant progress has been made during the last years in achieving efficiently this process, concerning chiral organocatalysts, substrates and reaction conditions. This review surveys the advances in asymmetric organocatalytic conjugate addition reactions to α,β-unsaturated nitroalkenes developed between 2013 and early 2017.
Synthesis of Gallic Acid Analogs as Histamine and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Inhibitors for Treatment of Mast Cell-Mediated Allergic Inflammation
Authors: Fei Xiang , Je In-Gyu , Shin Tae-Yong , Kim Sang-Hyun , Seo Seung-Yong
Published: May 2017

Gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid), is a natural product found in various foods and herbs that are well known as powerful antioxidants. Our previous report demonstrated that it inhibits mast cell-derived inflammatory allergic reactions by blocking histamine release and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. In this report, various amide analogs of gallic acid have been synthesized by introducing different amines through carbodiimide-mediated amide coupling and Pd/C-catalyzed hydrogenation. These compounds showed a modest to high inhibitory effect on histamine release and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Among them, the amide bearing (S)-phenylglycine methyl ester 3d was found to be more active than natural gallic acid. Further optimization yielded several (S)- and (R)-phenylglycine analogs that inhibited histamine release in vitro. Our findings suggest that some gallamides could be used as a treatment for allergic inflammatory diseases.
A Review of the Structure, Preparation, and Application of NLCs, PNPs, and PLNs
Authors: Li Qianwen , Cai Tiange , Huang Yinghong , Xia Xi , Cole Susan , Cai Yu
Published: May 2017

Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are modified solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) that retain the characteristics of the SLN, improve drug stability and loading capacity, and prevent drug leakage. Polymer nanoparticles (PNPs) are an important component of drug delivery. These nanoparticles can effectively direct drug delivery to specific targets and improve drug stability and controlled drug release. Lipid–polymer nanoparticles (PLNs), a new type of carrier that combines liposomes and polymers, have been employed in recent years. These nanoparticles possess the complementary advantages of PNPs and liposomes. A PLN is composed of a core–shell structure; the polymer core provides a stable structure, and the phospholipid shell offers good biocompatibility. As such, the two components increase the drug encapsulation efficiency rate, facilitate surface modification, and prevent leakage of water-soluble drugs. Hence, we have reviewed the current state of development for the NLCs’, PNPs’, and PLNs’ structures, preparation, and applications over the past five years, to provide the basis for further study on a controlled release drug delivery system.
Compliance with Nutritional and Lifestyle Recommendations in 13,000 Patients with a Cardiometabolic Disease from the Nutrinet-Santé Study
Authors: Adriouch Solia , Lelong Hélène , Kesse-Guyot Emmanuelle , Baudry Julia , Lampuré Aurélie , Galan Pilar , Hercberg Serge , Touvier Mathilde , Fezeu Léopold
Published: May 2017

Background: A healthy diet has been shown to prevent cardiovascular diseases complications. The objective of this study was to assess dietary intakes and compliance with nutritional and lifestyle recommendations in French adults diagnosed with hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia or cardiovascular disease compared with healthy individuals. Methods: Data was collected from 26,570 subjects aged 35 to 70 years (13,285 patients and 13,285 controls matched by sex and age) of the French cohort NutriNet-Santé. Dietary intakes were assessed using three 24-h records. Mean food and nutrient intakes of patients were compared to those of healthy subjects using multivariable mixed logistic and linear regressions. Results: Compared to healthy controls, adults reporting cardiometabolic diseases had lower intakes of sweetened products, higher intakes of fish and seafood and a better compliance with dairy products. However, overall, they reported unhealthier lifestyles and dietary habits. Indeed, they were less often physically active and had similar habits regarding alcohol and tobacco consumption. They also had lower intakes of fruit, higher intakes of meat, processed meat and added fats. It is noteworthy that diabetic subjects tended to show the highest compliance with certain dietary recommendations (vegetables, pulses and whole grain products). Conclusion: Our study brings into focus the fact that some nutritional aspects still need to be improved among individuals with a cardiometabolic disease. We should encourage higher intakes of fruits and vegetables, whole grain products, and lower intakes of meat and sodium, as well as healthy lifestyle (physical activity, no-smoking and limited intake of alcohol) in order to encourage a healthier management after being diagnosed.
Synthesis of Polymer Nanocomposites Based on [Methyl Cellulose](1−x):(CuS)x (0.02 M ≤ x ≤ 0.08 M) with Desired Optical Band Gaps
Authors: Aziz Shujahadeen , Rasheed Mariwan , Ahmed Hameed
Published: May 2017

In this paper, the sample preparation of polymer nanocomposites based on methyl cellulose (MC) with small optical bandgaps has been discussed. Copper monosulfide (CuS) nanoparticles have been synthesized from the sodium sulphide (Na2S) and copper chloride (CuCl2) salts. Distinguishable localized surface resonance plasmon (LSRP) absorption peaks for CuS nanoparticles within the 680–1090 nm scanned wavelength range were observed for the samples. An absorption edge (Ed) was found to be widely shifted to a lower photon energy region. A linear relationship between the refractive index of the samples and the CuS fraction was utilized to describe the distribution of the particle. The optical bandgap of MC was reduced from 6.2 to 2.3 eV upon the incorporation of 0.08 M of CuS nanoparticles. The optical dielectric loss, as an alternative method, was used successfully to estimate the optical bandgap. Moreover, the electronic transition type was identified by using Tauc’s extrapolation method. The plots of the optical dielectric constant and energy bandgap as a function of the CuS concentration were utilized to examine the validity of the Penn model. For the nanocomposite samples, the Urbach energy was found to be increased, which can be evidence for a large possible number of bands-to-tail and tail-to-tail transitions. However, from the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, it was also found that the synthesized CuS nanoparticles disrupted the crystallinity phase of the MC polymer. Finally, fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for the samples was also performed. Significant decreases of transmittance intensity as well as band shifting in the FTIR spectra were observed for the doped samples.
Possibility of Estimating Seasonal Snow Depth Based Solely on Passive Microwave Remote Sensing on the Greenland Ice Sheet in Spring
Authors: Tsutsui Hiroyuki , Maeda Takashi
Published: May 2017

Sea level rise related to the melting and thinning of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS), a subject of growing concern in recent years, will eventually affect the global climate. Although the melting of snow on the GrIS is actively monitored by passive microwave remote sensing, very few studies have estimated the seasonal GrIS snow depth using this technique. In this study, to estimate seasonal snowpack on GrIS, we investigated the microwave property and optimum physical parameters. We used our microwave radiative transfer model to create a lookup table and a simple satellite retrieval algorithm to estimate seasonal snow depth on GrIS in spring, based on the microwave satellite brightness temperature from AMSR-E and AMSR2. Our research suggests there is potential for estimating snow depth based solely on GrIS passive microwave remote sensing data. We validated these estimates against in situ snow depths at several sites and compared them with the snow spatial distributions over the entire GrIS of several major products (ERA-interim, MAR ver. 5.3.1 and GLDAS-CLM) that evaluate snow depth.
Examination of the Potential of Terrestrial Laser Scanning and Structure-from-Motion Photogrammetry for Rapid Nondestructive Field Measurement of Grass Biomass
Authors: Cooper Sam , Roy David , Schaaf Crystal , Paynter Ian
Published: May 2017

Above ground biomass (AGB) is a parameter commonly used for assessment of grassland systems. Destructive AGB measurements, although accurate, are time consuming and are not easily undertaken on a repeat basis or over large areas. Structure-from-Motion (SfM) photogrammetry and Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) are two technologies that have the potential to yield precise 3D structural measurements of vegetation quite rapidly. Recent advances have led to the successful application of TLS and SfM in woody biomass estimation, but application in natural grassland systems remains largely untested. The potential of these techniques for AGB estimation is examined considering 11 grass plots with a range of biomass in South Dakota, USA. Volume metrics extracted from the TLS and SfM 3D point clouds, and also conventional disc pasture meter settling heights, were compared to destructively harvested AGB total (grass and litter) and AGB grass plot measurements. Although the disc pasture meter was the most rapid method, it was less effective in AGB estimation (AGBgrass r2 = 0.42, AGBtotal r2 = 0.32) than the TLS (AGBgrass r2 = 0.46, AGBtotal r2 = 0.57) or SfM (AGBgrass r2 = 0.54, AGBtotal r2 = 0.72) which both demonstrated their utility for rapid AGB estimation of grass systems.
The Relationship between Urban Land Surface Material Fractions and Brightness Temperature Based on MESMA
Authors: Chen Tao , Zhang Xujia , Niu Ruiqing
Published: May 2017

The relationship between urban land surface material fractions (ULSMFs) and brightness temperature has long attracted attention in research on urban environments. In this paper, a multiple endmember spectral mixture analysis (MESMA) method was applied to extract vegetation-impervious surface-soil (V-I-S) fractions in each pixel, and the surface brightness temperature was derived by using the radiation in the upper atmosphere, on the basis of Landsat 8 images. Then, a clustering analysis, ternary triangular chart (TTC), and a multivariate statistical analysis were applied to ascertain the relationship between the fractions in each pixel and the land surface brightness temperature (LSBT). The hypsometric TTC, as well as the geographical distribution features of the LSBT, revealed that the changes in LSBT were associated with the high fractions of impervious surfaces (or vegetation), in addition to the temperature distribution differences across locations with varying land-cover types. The data fitting results showed that the comprehensive endmember fractions of V-I-S explained 98.6% of fluctuating LSBT, and the impervious surface fraction had a positive impact on the LSBT, whereas the fraction of vegetation had a negative impact on the LSBT.
Optimizing Semi-Analytical Algorithms for Estimating Chlorophyll-a and Phycocyanin Concentrations in Inland Waters in Korea
Authors: Pyo JongCheol , Pachepsky Yakov , Baek Sang-Soo , Kwon YongSeong , Kim MinJeong , Lee Hyuk , Park Sanghyun , Cha YoonKyung , Ha Rim , Nam Gibeom , Park Yongeun , Cho Kyung Hwa
Published: May 2017

Several semi-analytical algorithms have been developed to estimate the chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and phycocyanin (PC) concentrations in inland waters. This study aimed at identifying the influence of algorithm parameters on the output variables and searching optimal parameter values. The optimal parameters of seven semi-analytical algorithms were applied to estimate the Chl-a and PC concentrations. The absorption coefficient measurements were coupled with pigment measurements to calibrate the algorithm parameters. For sensitivity analysis, the elementary effect test was conducted to analyze the influence of the algorithm parameters. The sensitivity analysis results showed that the parameters in the Y function and specific absorption coefficient were the most sensitive parameters. Then, the parameters were optimized via a single-objective optimization that involved one objective function being minimized and a multi-objective optimization that contained more than one objective function. The single-objective optimization led to substantial errors in absorption coefficients. In contrast, the multi-objective optimization improved the algorithm performance with respect to both the absorption coefficient estimates and pigment concentration estimates. The optimized parameters of the absorption coefficient reflected the high-particulate content in waters of the Baekje reservoir using an infrared backscattering wavelength and relatively high value of Y. Moreover, the results indicate the value of measuring the site-specific absorption if site-specific optimization of semi-analyical algorithm parameters was envisioned.
A Protocol Layer Trust-Based Intrusion Detection Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Wang Jian , Jiang Shuai , Fapojuwo Abraham
Published: May 2017

This article proposes a protocol layer trust-based intrusion detection scheme for wireless sensor networks. Unlike existing work, the trust value of a sensor node is evaluated according to the deviations of key parameters at each protocol layer considering the attacks initiated at different protocol layers will inevitably have impacts on the parameters of the corresponding protocol layers. For simplicity, the paper mainly considers three aspects of trustworthiness, namely physical layer trust, media access control layer trust and network layer trust. The per-layer trust metrics are then combined to determine the overall trust metric of a sensor node. The performance of the proposed intrusion detection mechanism is then analyzed using the t-distribution to derive analytical results of false positive and false negative probabilities. Numerical analytical results, validated by simulation results, are presented in different attack scenarios. It is shown that the proposed protocol layer trust-based intrusion detection scheme outperforms a state-of-the-art scheme in terms of detection probability and false probability, demonstrating its usefulness for detecting cross-layer attacks.
Effects of 12 Weeks of Tai Chi Chuan Training on Balance and Functional Fitness in Older Japanese Adults
Authors: Takeshima Nobuo , Islam Mohammod , Kato Yoshiji , Koizumi Daisuke , Narita Makoto , Rogers Nicole , Rogers Michael
Published: May 2017

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of Tai Chi Chuan on static and dynamic balance, and functional fitness in older adults. Forty-nine volunteers were divided into an exercise group (EX: 9 men and 16 women, average age 72 ± 5 years) and control group (13 men and 11 women, average age 73 ± 6 years). The EX participated in a 12-week supervised exercise program (60 min/day, 2 days/week) that consisted of 10-min warm-up and stretching, 40-min Tai Chi Chuan exercise (long-form Yang style with 108 movements), and 10-min cool-down/relaxation exercises. The control group was asked to not change their physical activity habits. Static (sway velocity standing on firm or foam surfaces with eyes open or closed) and dynamic balance (limits of stability (LOS)), as well as functional fitness measures of body mass; upper- and lower-body strength; and flexibility, mobility, and aerobic fitness were taken before and after the intervention. After the 12-week Tai Chi Chuan exercise program, there were no improvements in any functional fitness or balance variable although components of LOS tended to increase (13.1%, p = 0.052). These results indicate that 12 weeks of Tai Chi Chuan exercise has no significant effect on balance and functional fitness parameters in older Japanese adults.
Longitudinal Study of the Impacts of a Climate Change Curriculum on Undergraduate Student Learning: Initial Results
Authors: Burkholder Kristin , Devereaux Jessica , Grady Caroline , Solitro Molly , Mooney Susan
Published: May 2017

The present study assesses the efficacy of a semester-long undergraduate sustainability curriculum designed from a systems approach. The three-course curriculum, which incorporated environmental science and ethics courses along with an integrative course using a community-based learning pedagogy, was intended to provide students with experience using knowledge and skills from distinct disciplines in a holistic way in order to address the complex problems of the human acceptance of and response to anthropogenic climate change. In the fall of 2013, 23 of the 24 sophomore general education students enrolled in the three courses were surveyed at the beginning and end of the semester; 17 of those same students completed the survey again in the spring of 2016, their senior year. Results, which focus on the 17 students who continued to participate through their senior year, were analyzed with quantitative and qualitative methodologies. The pre/post data from the surveys demonstrated significant improvement in climate literacy, certainty, concern and urgency over the course of the semester; the senior data indicated that those improvements were largely retained. The study also suggests that the nine-credit curriculum improved transferable skills such as interdisciplinary thinking, self-confidence and public speaking. A qualitative analysis of three student cases, informed by a focus group (n = 7) of seniors along with other sources of information, suggested retention of such transferable skills, and, in some cases, deeper involvement in climate and sustainability action.
Variability and Global Distribution of Subgenotypes of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus
Authors: Yeşilbağ Kadir , Alpay Gizem , Becher Paul
Published: May 2017

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a globally-distributed agent responsible for numerous clinical syndromes that lead to major economic losses. Two species, BVDV-1 and BVDV-2, discriminated on the basis of genetic and antigenic differences, are classified in the genus Pestivirus within the Flaviviridae family and distributed on all of the continents. BVDV-1 can be segregated into at least twenty-one subgenotypes (1a–1u), while four subgenotypes have been described for BVDV-2 (2a–2d). With respect to published sequences, the number of virus isolates described for BVDV-1 (88.2%) is considerably higher than for BVDV-2 (11.8%). The most frequently-reported BVDV-1 subgenotype are 1b, followed by 1a and 1c. The highest number of various BVDV subgenotypes has been documented in European countries, indicating greater genetic diversity of the virus on this continent. Current segregation of BVDV field isolates and the designation of subgenotypes are not harmonized. While the species BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 can be clearly differentiated independently from the portion of the genome being compared, analysis of different genomic regions can result in inconsistent assignment of some BVDV isolates to defined subgenotypes. To avoid non-conformities the authors recommend the development of a harmonized system for subdivision of BVDV isolates into defined subgenotypes.
Improving the Viability of Stormwater Harvesting through Rudimentary Real Time Control
Authors: Rohrer Alastair , Armitage Neil
Published: May 2017

Stormwater Harvesting (SWH) to alleviate water scarcity is often hindered by the lack of suitable available storage in urban areas. This research aimed to discover an economically viable strategy of storing runoff in existing stormwater ponds with the assistance of rudimentary Real Time Control (RTC) techniques to increase the effective storage capacity. The Diep River sub-catchment situated in the southern suburbs of Cape Town, South Africa, that has several stormwater ponds that were largely constructed for the purposes of flood mitigation, was used as a case study. Six SWH scenarios utilising three distinct RTC strategies coupled with two alternative water demand alternatives were simulated with the aid of 10 years’ of historical rainfall data with a view to determining the unit cost of supplying selected developments with non-potable water. The use of RTC to increase the effective storage of the ponds was shown to improve the volumetric yield without significantly impairing the flood mitigation provided by the system at a cost that was comparable to what the local residents were already paying for potable water. This finding is important as it suggests a cost-effective way of overcoming one of the greatest limitations associated with stormwater harvesting.
Water versus Wireless Coverage in Rural Mali: Links and Paradoxes
Authors: Martínez-Santos Pedro , Cerván José , Cano Beatriz , Díaz-Alcaide Silvia
Published: May 2017

Water and wireless coverage were evaluated in a rural commune of southern Mali. All improved water sources in the area were checked for operability, accessibility, and water quality, while wireless coverage was tested by means of smartphones, phone calls, and instant messaging applications. Theoretical water coverage exceeded 82% of the total village surface area, thus beating the national and sub-Saharan African averages, but dropped to just 39% when considering only serviceable and contamination-free sources. In contrast, wireless coverage exceeded 90%. These outcomes highlight a triple paradox: (1) water from theoretically safe (i.e., improved) water sources is often unsafe to drink; (2) wireless access is better than water access even though water is essential for human survival and telecommunications are not; and (3) excellent Internet coverage does not help a large number of people, who lack the skills, devices, or need to access it. While telecommunications seem to be making inroads towards universal access faster than the water sector, a survey of water committees uncovered a hidden nexus between both resources, revealing that increased wireless access is actually contributing to underpin water coverage in a variety of ways.
Cycloheximide congeners produced by Streptomyces sp. SC0581 and photoinduced interconversion between (E)- and (Z)-2,3-dehydroanhydrocycloheximides
Authors: Yang Li , Wu Ping , Xue Jinghua , Tan Huitong , Zhang Zheng , Wei Xiaoyi
Published: May 2017

Three new cycloheximide congeners, 2,3-dehydro-α-epi-isocycloheximide (1), (E)- and (Z)-2,3-dehydroanhydrocycloheximides (2 and 3), together with three known compounds, anhydroisoheximide (4), cycloheximide (5), and isocycloheximide (6), were obtained from the cultures of Streptomyces sp. SC0581. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis in combination with theoretical conformational analysis and ECD computations. The photoinduced interconversion between 2 and 3 was observed and verified and the possible reaction path and mechanism were proposed by theoretical computations. The antifungal and cytotoxic activities of 1–6 were evaluated and suggested that 2,3-dehydrogenation results in the loss of the activities and supported that the OH-α is important to the activities of cycloheximide congeners.
Chapitre 5. L’éthique en santé au Bénin et le vih-sida : quels enjeux ?
Authors: Capo-Chichi V. , Ouendo E. , Champagne F.
Published: May 2017

Dans le cadre de la lutte contre le vih-sida, un effort a été fait au niveau du volet éthique, à savoir qu’il existe des textes juridiques, institutionnels et éthiques. Il existe des comités d’éthique (trois) qui donnent des avis motivés sur les protocoles d’études et s’attèlent à la sensibilisation des acteurs. Mais nous notons qu’il n’y a pas encore une adoption et une appropriation réelle de la pratique de l’éthique par ces derniers. La présente étude a ciblé les projets de recherche sur le vih-sida et les centres de prises en charge des PVVIH afin d’y analyser les enjeux éthiques relatifs : 1) au mode de recrutement des participants et des bénéficiaires ; 2) à l’obtention du consentement libre éclairé de ceux-ci ; 2) aux mesures de confidentialité et d’anonymat ; 3) à l’intégrité du personnel desdits projets et centres et aux conflits d’intérêts. Une analyse thématique des données collectées suite à des entretiens semi structurés, a permis de mettre en exergue les enjeux liés au mode de recrutement, à l’obtention du consentement libre éclairé, aux mesures de confidentialité et d’anonymat, à l’intégrité et aux conflits d’intérêts. Retenons que, ce qui se fait, ne se fait pas toujours pas dans les formes de l’art. Une veille constante est donc de mise, avec comme chefs de file les comités d’éthique. Ces derniers sont censés jouer pleinement les rôles qui sont les leurs.
Autour de la « prose musicale »
Authors: Imperiali Christophe
Published: May 2017

Le présent article s’attache à montrer la façon dont la notion de « prose musicale » a été investie de valeurs très différentes, selon le cadre esthétique dans lequel elle a été employée. L’idée est de partir d’un moment où deux paradigmes opposés se croisent : le début du xix e siècle. On peut observer à ce moment la concomitance de vives critiques adressées à des compositeurs accusés de faire de la « prose » parce qu’ils sont incapables d’écrire de belles mélodies, et d’autre part la recherche d’un idiome musical plus libre, plus naturel, auquel la prose servirait de modèle. Ces considérations sur la musique seront mises en perspective avec quelques réflexions sur l’art des vers, dans la France de ces mêmes années.
Images et syntaxe du jazz dans le style de Paul Morand
Authors: Charbonnier Gil
Published: May 2017

Le jazz fut introduit en France pendant la Grande Guerre, c’est Jean Cocteau qui fut le premier à reconnaître l’importance de cette musique. Comme le révèle son Journal d’un attaché d’ambassade 1916-1917 , Paul Morand, très proche dans ces années-là du milieu Cocteau, partageait le même engouement. Cependant, il découvrit le jazz avant la guerre et avant même Cocteau lors de sa première mission diplomatique à Londres en fréquentant le célèbre club, le Murray’s . Dès lors, le jazz, emblème musical de son cosmopolitisme, fera partie intégrante de son esthétique narrative, à travers un style qui « boxe » les mots. Dans cette optique d’intégration littéraire d’un modèle musical, l’étude porte sur des questions d’analogie : dans quelle mesure les combinaisons syntaxiques inspirées du jazz créent une nouvelle rhétorique de l’image ?
Traduction et altérité chez Paul Ricœur : enjeux pour l’éducation
Authors: Vergnon Marie
Published: May 2017

Résumé La question de la traduction a traversé l’œuvre de Paul Ricœur, développée progressivement dans ses travaux à partir des années 1950, jusqu’à la publication en 2004 d’un ouvrage dédié intitulé Sur la traduction . S’il ne la mit jamais explicitement en perspective avec les questions éducatives, ses réflexions sur l’humanité, l’altérité, les cultures et l’hospitalité langagière dans ce contexte trouvent écho dans des enjeux éducatifs mis en évidence par Ricœur lui-même et ouvrent à une réflexion sur l’éthique du rapport à autrui et sur le rôle de l’éducation.
Person-Centered Dementia Care in the Community: A Perspective From the United Kingdom
Authors: Downs Murna , Lord Kathryn
Published: May 2017

Dementia is a global concern. Although effort is being put toward finding a cure, many advances have been made in ensuring excellence in dementia care. In the United Kingdom, the concept of person-centered dementia care has transformed what is expected for individuals with dementia. Now embraced in national policy in the United Kingdom, it was pioneered by Thomas Kitwood and Kathleen Bredin and driven by a concern for the quality of care for individuals with dementia in care homes. The purpose of the current article is to describe key concepts of Kitwood's pioneering work in person-centered dementia care and to use them to inform current community-based supports and services for individuals with dementia in their own homes, whether alone or with family carers. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing
,
43
(8), 11–17.]
Nonpharmacological Treatments for Post-Stroke Depression: An Integrative Review of the Literature
Authors: Hadidi Niloufar Niakosari , Huna Wagner Roberta L. , Lindquist Ruth
Published: May 2017

Stroke is the fifth leading cause of death and the number one cause of long-term disability. Seventy-five percent of annual stroke victims are older than 65. Post-stroke depression (PSD) is a common consequence of stroke, with the estimated prevalence ranging from 25% to 79%. Although several studies have investigated the impact of pharmacological interventions on PSD, there is a significant gap in knowledge regarding the efficacy of nonpharmacological measures for treatment of PSD. The purpose of the current integrative literature review was to synthesize the state of knowledge on selected nonpharmacological treatments for PSD and present findings regarding the efficacy of investigated treatments. Twenty-one studies published from 1992–2016 were identified and synthesized. Results indicated that studies demonstrating improvement in depressive symptoms included ecosystem-focused therapy, life review therapy, problem solving therapy, meridian acupressure, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, music therapy, exercise, light therapy, motivational interviewing, and robotic-assisted neurorehabilitation.

[Res Gerontol Nurs. 2017; 10(4):182–195.]
Characteristics and Instructional Strategies for Students With Mathematical Difficulties
Authors: Pfannenstiel Kathleen Hughes , Sanders Jennifer “JC”
Published: May 2017

This chapter explores mathematics education for students with mathematical difficulties (MD) and disabilities. Academic achievement measures have remained stagnant for this student population over the past 20 years (NAEP, 2013). The authors highlight Multi-Tiered System of Support and evidence-based strategies as a means to address the unique needs of students with disabilities within inclusion and general education contexts. Common characteristics of students with MD are challenges with working memory, number sense, symbols, basic fact computational fluency, word problem solving, and self-regulation. Educators can apply these specific recommendations to enhance mathematics instruction to address the critical factors for academic success for all students, but specifically students in special education or with MD. In order to implement these evidence-based strategies and ensure specially designed instruction is being provided, co-teaching models are reviewed as one way to provide instructional support in an inclusive setting.
The Year of Teaching Inclusively
Authors: Petersen Amy J. , Elser Caroline F. , Al Nassir Mona Nassir , Stakey Jessica , Everson Karissa
Published: May 2017

The purpose of this chapter is to explore how inclusive elementary classrooms may be constructed in ways that not only honor the individual differences that all students bring into the classroom, but also embrace those differences in ways that foster a classroom space prefaced on rigorous academic instruction for all, as well as care, empathy, and social connections that enhance learning. This chapter provides a snapshot of one inclusive elementary classroom and describes the beliefs and philosophies that underpin the classroom setting, as well as the characteristics that embody instruction and learning.
Factors influencing small, medium and micro-sized enterprises’ borrowing from banks: The case of the Botswana manufacturing sector
Authors: Mutoko Wilbert R. , Kapunda Stephen M.
Published: May 2017

The objective of the study: The main objective of this study is to determine the factors that influence manufacturing small, medium and micro-sized enterprises’ (SMMEs) borrowing from banks.Problem statement: This article examines factors that affect SMMEs’ ability to borrow money from commercial banks. Empirical evidence was collected from manufacturing SMMEs.Motivation for the study: There is a scarcity of studies on factors influencing borrowing among Botswana manufacturing SMMEs.Methodology: The study employed both qualitative and quantitative research designs. The random stratified sampling technique was used to draw a sample of 100 manufacturing SMMEs from a population of 329 registered manufacturing SMMEs in Botswana. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. Furthermore, multivariate logistic regression estimation was used to obtain the main objective.Main findings: The empirical results showed that longevity in position and annual turnover have positive impact on getting access to bank loans, while marital status has a negative effect on access to bank loans.Practical implications: An understanding of factors influencing borrowing can increase chances of an SMME gaining financing from commercial banks, thus solving the challenge of access to finance.Contributions: The results are significant to SMMEs, policymakers, the banking sector and other researchers. Furthermore, this study increases literature on SMME challenges and financing logistics.
Can transformational managers control turnover intention?
Authors: Alatawi Massad A.
Published: May 2017

Orientation and research purpose: Employee turnover is a complex phenomenon that has negative consequences for organisations. The purpose of this study was to measure the correlation between transformational leadership style and turnover intention to control the employee turnover rate in organisations.Research method: This study utilised a two-stage clustering method and web-based survey research with a correlational design to collect the data. A total of 356 responses were collected from 14 clusters in Southern California; however, the final selected data for analysis came from 210 subjects with a cluster-sampling design of (14 × 15).Main findings and managerial implications: This study concluded that the transformational leadership style has a negative correlation with turnover intention. Managers who adopt this style of leadership can expect lower rates of turnover; thus, they can stay competitive in an unstable economy and achieve enhanced productivity, improved performance and reduction in expenses.
Healing liturgy: The role of music and singing
Authors: Calitz Coenie J.
Published: May 2017

Apart from all the other functions of liturgical singing and music, it also has a pastoral function or aim. Within the normal Sunday-to-Sunday liturgy, singing and music aims at promoting and restoring spiritual well-being. Within communities struck by disaster or grief, liturgical singing aims at healing people and processing their loss and ultimately promoting spiritual wellness by restoring or reshaping their picture of God. A brief look at liturgies in a lamenting congregation by means of an autoethnography illustrates the functional use of music and singing in the process of spiritual or emotional healing, thus illustrating the role of music in worship as an in-between experience: between laughter and lament.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The article explores the role of music and singing in healing liturgy in a descriptive way, using ethnography and autoethnography to describe the process. Although the article refers to insights from pastoral therapy, it only makes suggestions for liturgy and in a lesser sense, hymnology.
Demonstration of ischemia in myocardial perfusion scintigraphy before coronary revascularization decreases acute coronary syndrome-related hospitalizations
Authors: Kaya Hakki , Kandemir Ozan , Beton Osman , Kivrak Tarik , Kurt Recep , Yilmaz Mehmet
Published: May 2017

In this study, we compared the patients who underwent coronary angiography (CAG), followed by revascularization by coronary artery stent implantation according to the CAG results without any evidence of ischemia with myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS), and the patients who underwent revascularization by coronary artery stent implantation following the detection of ischemia in MPS before CAG in terms of the mortality and hospitalization due to acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Between January 2009 and January 2016, a total of 407 patients (52% males, 48% females; mean age: 66 ± 9 years; range: 40–85 years) who underwent CAG following diagnosis of stable angina and underwent coronary artery stenting were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (n = 200) included those who had MPS before CAG and in whom ischemia was detected and stent was implanted, and Group 2 (n = 207) included those who had stent implantation according to the CAG results without prior MPS. The mean follow-up was 40 ± 18 months. Although there was no significant difference in the mortality rates between the groups, the rate of hospitalization due to ACS was significantly lower in Group 1 (P = 0.112 vs.P = 0.022, respectively). According to the multivariate Cox-regression analysis, demonstration of ischemia in MPS before revascularization, statin use, clopidogrel use, and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were found to be associated with a reduced risk of ACS-related hospitalization, whereas the presence of diabetes mellitus and smoking was found to be associated with an increased risk of ACS-related hospitalization.
Comparison of emissions inventories of anthropogenic air pollutants and greenhouse gases in China
Authors: Saikawa Eri , Kim Hankyul , Zhong Min , Avramov Alexander , Zhao Yu , Janssens-Maenhout Greet , Kurokawa Jun-ichi , Klimont Zbigniew , Wagner Fabian , Naik Vaishali , Horowitz Larry W. , Zhang Qiang
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Anthropogenic air pollutant emissions have been increasing rapidly in China, leading to worsening air quality. Modelers use emissions inventories to represent the temporal and spatial distribution of these emissions needed to estimate their impacts on regional and global air quality. However, large uncertainties exist in emissions estimates. Thus, assessing differences in these inventories is essential for the better understanding of air pollution over China. We compare five different emissions inventories estimating emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 µm or less (PM10) from China. The emissions inventories analyzed in this paper include the Regional Emission inventory in ASia v2.1 (REAS), the Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China (MEIC), the Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research v4.2 (EDGAR), the inventory by Yu Zhao (ZHAO), and the Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies (GAINS). We focus on the period between 2000 and 2008, during which Chinese economic activities more than doubled. In addition to national totals, we also analyzed emissions from four source sectors (industry, transport, power, and residential) and within seven regions in China (East, North, Northeast, Central, Southwest, Northwest, and South) and found that large disagreements exist among the five inventories at disaggregated levels. These disagreements lead to differences of 67 µg m−3, 15 ppbv, and 470 ppbv for monthly mean PM10, O3, and CO, respectively, in modeled regional concentrations in China. We also find that all the inventory emissions estimates create a volatile organic compound (VOC)-limited environment and MEIC emissions lead to much lower O3 mixing ratio in East and Central China compared to the simulations using REAS and EDGAR estimates, due to their low VOC emissions. Our results illustrate that a better understanding of Chinese emissions at more disaggregated levels is essential for finding effective mitigation measures for reducing national and regional air pollution in China.
Quasi-12 h inertia–gravity waves in the lower mesosphere observed by the PANSY radar at Syowa Station (39.6° E, 69.0° S)
Authors: Shibuya Ryosuke , Sato Kaoru , Tsutsumi Masaki , Sato Toru , Tomikawa Yoshihiro , Nishimura Koji , Kohma Masashi
Published: May 2017

Abstract. The first observations made by a complete PANSY radar system (Program of the Antarctic Syowa MST/IS Radar) installed at Syowa Station (39.6° E, 69.0° S) were successfully performed from 16 to 24 March 2015. Over this period, quasi-half-day period (12 h) disturbances in the lower mesosphere at heights of 70 to 80 km were observed. Estimated vertical wavelengths, wave periods and vertical phase velocities of the disturbances were approximately 13.7 km, 12.3 h and −0.3 m s−1, respectively. Under the working hypothesis that such disturbances are attributable to inertia–gravity waves, wave parameters are estimated using a hodograph analysis. The estimated horizontal wavelengths are longer than 1100 km, and the wavenumber vectors tend to point northeastward or southwestward. Using the nonhydrostatic numerical model with a model top of 87 km, quasi-12 h disturbances in the mesosphere were successfully simulated. We show that quasi-12 h disturbances are due to wave-like disturbances with horizontal wavelengths longer than 1400 km and are not due to semidiurnal migrating tides. Wave parameters, such as horizontal wavelengths, vertical wavelengths and wave periods, simulated by the model agree well with those estimated by the PANSY radar observations under the abovementioned assumption. The parameters of the simulated waves are consistent with the dispersion relationship of the inertia–gravity wave. These results indicate that the quasi-12 h disturbances observed by the PANSY radar are attributable to large-scale inertia–gravity waves. By examining a residual of the nonlinear balance equation, it is inferred that the inertia–gravity waves are likely generated by the spontaneous radiation mechanism of two different jet streams. One is the midlatitude tropospheric jet around the tropopause while the other is the polar night jet. Large vertical fluxes of zonal and meridional momentum associated with large-scale inertia–gravity waves are distributed across a slanted region from the midlatitude lower stratosphere to the polar mesosphere in the meridional cross section. Moreover, the vertical flux of the zonal momentum has a strong negative peak in the mesosphere, suggesting that some large-scale inertia–gravity waves originate in the upper stratosphere.
Diagnosis of Local Gravity Wave Properties during a Sudden Stratospheric Warming
Authors: Schoon Lena , Zülicke Christoph
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Commonly, wave quantities are maintained in zonal mean averages. Hence, local wave phenomena remain unclear. Here, we introduce a diagnostic tool for studies of wave packets locally. The "Unified Wave Diagnosis" (UWaDi) uses the Hilbert Transform to obtain a complex signal from a real-valued function and estimates the amplitude and wave number locally. Operational data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts is used to perform the analysis. Restrictions on gravity wave propagation due to model sponge layers are identified well above the 10 hPa altitude. From a minor stratospheric warming in January 2016 three cases for vertical gravity wave propagation in different background wind conditions are selected. It is shown that zonal mean wind quantities cannot reveal local "valves" allowing gravity waves to propagate into the mid-stratosphere. The unexpected finding of high gravity wave activity at the minor warming of 30 January 2016 is related to strong planetary wave activity and a strong local "pump". Accordingly, the advantages of a local wave packet analysis are demonstrated for profiles up to the model sponge layer.
Cryostratigraphy, sedimentology, and the late Quaternary evolution of the Zackenberg River delta, northeast Greenland
Authors: Gilbert Graham L. , Cable Stefanie , Thiel Christine , Christiansen Hanne H. , Elberling Bo
Published: May 2017

Abstract. The Zackenberg River delta is located in northeast Greenland (74°30′ N, 20°30′ E) at the outlet of the Zackenberg fjord valley. The fjord-valley fill consists of a series of terraced deltaic deposits (ca. 2 km2) formed during relative sea-level (RSL) fall. We investigated the deposits using sedimentological and cryostratigraphic techniques together with optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating. We identify four facies associations in sections (4 to 22 m in height) exposed along the modern Zackenberg River and coast. Facies associations relate to (I) overriding glaciers, (II) retreating glaciers and quiescent glaciomarine conditions, (III) delta progradation in a fjord valley, and (IV) fluvial activity and niveo-aeolian processes. Pore, layered, and suspended cryofacies are identified in two 20 m deep ice-bonded sediment cores. The cryofacies distribution, together with low overall ground-ice content, indicates that permafrost is predominately epigenetic in these deposits. Fourteen OSL ages constrain the deposition of the cored deposits to between approximately 13 and 11 ka, immediately following deglaciation. The timing of permafrost aggradation was closely related to delta progradation and began following the subaerial exposure of the delta plain (ca. 11 ka). Our results reveal information concerning the interplay between deglaciation, RSL change, sedimentation, permafrost aggradation, and the timing of these events. These findings have implications for the timing and mode of permafrost aggradation in other fjord valleys in northeast Greenland.