bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of different levels of urea and magic growth spray solution on the yield and yield attributes of BRRI dhan29
Authors: Nasrin Monika , Salam Md Abdus , Chowdhury Md Akhter Hossain , Khan Md Arif Hossain , Hoque Md Muzammel
Published: August 2016

Magic growth solution along with prilled urea in the rice leaf as foliar spray may save urea compared to soil application of urea alone. In this regard, an experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University during Boro Season (December-April, 2015) to evaluate the effects of urea and magic growth spray solution on the yield and yield attributes of BRRI dhan29. The experiment consisted of ten treatments viz.,T1 = Control, T2 = 99 kg urea ha-1, T3 = 63 kg urea ha-1 + 2.16L ha-1 magic growth spray solution, T4 = 99 kg urea ha-1 + 5.66L ha-1 magic growth spray solution, T5 = 117 kg urea ha-1 + 1.44L ha-1 magic growth spray solution, T6 = 117 kg urea ha-1 + 5.66L ha-1 magic growth spray solution, T7 = 126kg urea ha-1 + 5.66L ha-1 magic growth spray solution,T8 = 132 kg urea ha-1, T9 = 132 kg urea ha-1 + 5.66L ha-1 magic growth spray solution, T10= 132 kg urea ha-1+ 2.16L ha-1 magic growth spray solution and laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The results revealed that urea and magic growth spray solution exerted significant influence on the yield contributing characters and yield of BRRI dhan29 except panicle length, sterile spikelets and 1000-grain weight. The highest grain and straw yields (6.16 and 9.33 t ha-1, respectively) were obtained from T7 treatment which could be the resultant effect of highest number of effective tillers hill-1, highest number of grains panicle-1 and lowest number of sterile spikelets panicle-1. Grain yield was significantly and positively correlated with plant height, effective tillers hiil-1, panicle length and grains per panicle. Economic analysis showed that net return and benefit cost ratio (BCR) was the highest (1.41) in T7 treatment. Thus the overall results suggest that farmers may be advised to apply 126 kg urea along with 5.66L magic growth solution per hectare to produce economically highest grain yield of BRRI dhan29, under the agro-climatic condition of Bangladesh Agricultural University.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.3(2): 271-278, August 2016
Post-harvest factors affecting quality and shelf life of mango cv. Amropali
Authors: Monira Sherajum , Rahim M Abdur , Rahad MAB Khalil , Islam M Ashraful
Published: August 2016

A study was conducted to investigate the effect of some postharvest treatments on shelf life and quality of mango. Experiment was conducted at the BAU Germplasm centre, Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during May to July, 2013. Two treatments viz. Aloe vera and Chitosan solution were used for this study. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) to observe the post-harvest performance of mango with three replications. The fruits were divided into three grades eg. large, medium and small for the convenience of the experiment. In each group mango were treated with Aloe vera gel and Chitosan solution in three different concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%. Amropali cultivar had the highest shelf life (7days) at 1.5% Aloe vera gel treatment to the large size mangoes at room temperature compare to other sizes and treatments. Nearly, similar effect was obtained from 1.5% Aloe vera gel to the medium size fruits than other treatments. 1.5% Chitosan showed the second best result in case of shelf life extension followed by 1% Chitosan solution.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.3(2): 279-286, August 2016
Potential of Reversible Solid Oxide Cells as Electricity Storage System
Authors: Di Giorgio Paolo , Desideri Umberto
Published: August 2016

Electrical energy storage (EES) systems allow shifting the time of electric power generation from that of consumption, and they are expected to play a major role in future electric grids where the share of intermittent renewable energy systems (RES), and especially solar and wind power plants, is planned to increase. No commercially available technology complies with all the required specifications for an efficient and reliable EES system. Reversible solid oxide cells (ReSOC) working in both fuel cell and electrolysis modes could be a cost effective and highly efficient EES, but are not yet ready for the market. In fact, using the system in fuel cell mode produces high temperature heat that can be recovered during electrolysis, when a heat source is necessary. Before ReSOCs can be used as EES systems, many problems have to be solved. This paper presents a new ReSOC concept, where the thermal energy produced during fuel cell mode is stored as sensible or latent heat, respectively, in a high density and high specific heat material and in a phase change material (PCM) and used during electrolysis operation. The study of two different storage concepts is performed using a lumped parameters ReSOC stack model coupled with a suitable balance of plant. The optimal roundtrip efficiency calculated for both of the configurations studied is not far from 70% and results from a trade-off between the stack roundtrip efficiency and the energy consumed by the auxiliary power systems.
Cellulose Dynamics during Foliar Litter Decomposition in an Alpine Forest Meta-Ecosystem
Authors: Yue Kai , Wu Fuzhong , Yang Wanqin , Zhang Chuan , Peng Yan , Tan Bo , Xu Zhenfeng , Huang Chunping
Published: August 2016

To investigate the dynamics and relative drivers of cellulose degradation during litter decomposition, a field experiment was conducted in three individual ecosystems (i.e., forest floor, stream, and riparian zone) of an alpine forest meta-ecosystem on the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Four litter species (i.e., willow: Salix paraplesia, azalea: Rhododendron lapponicum, cypress: Sabina saltuaria, and larch: Larix mastersiana) that had varying initial litter chemical traits were placed separately in litterbags and then incubated on the soil surface of forest floor plots or in the water of the stream and riparian zone plots. Litterbags were retrieved five times each year during the two-year experiment, with nine replicates each time for each treatment. The results suggested that foliar litter lost 32.2%–89.2% of the initial dry mass depending on litter species and ecosystem type after two-year’s incubation. The cellulose lost 60.1%–96.8% of the initial mass with degradation rate in the order of stream > riparian zone > forest floor. Substantial cellulose degradation occurred at the very beginning (i.e., in the first pre-freezing period) of litter decomposition. Litter initial concentrations of phosphorus (P) and lignin were found to be the dominant chemical traits controlling cellulose degradation regardless of ecosystems type. The local-scale environmental factors such as temperature, pH, and nutrient availability were important moderators of cellulose degradation rate. Although the effects of common litter chemical traits (e.g., P and lignin concentrations) on cellulose degradation across different individual ecosystems were identified, local-scale environmental factors such as temperature and nutrient availability were found to be of great importance for cellulose degradation. These results indicated that local-scale environmental factors should be considered apart from litter quality for generating a reliable predictive framework for the drivers of cellulose degradation and further on litter decomposition at a global scale.
Optimal Design and Control of a z-Tilt Piezoelectric Based Nano-Scale Compensation Stage with Circular Flexure Hinges
Authors: Lee Hau-Wei
Published: August 2016

The Taguchi method is widely used for the optimization of mechanical design and this study is used it in the design of a 2D circular flexure hinge for a z-tilt piezoelectric based nano-scale compensation stage. Maximum displacement of the stage is 16 μm at z-axis and ±30 arcsec at θx and θy. The most important design parameters for such a flexure hinge are minimal diameter, body height, and notch radius. The important requirements for the optimal design of a flexure hinge is that the z-tilt stage should have the highest possible natural frequency and the smallest coupling displacement. Simulation results show the nano-stage to have a higher natural frequency (626 Hz) and lower coupling displacement (0.032%). A kinematic model for the z-tilt stage has also been proposed in this study and the experimental results show the actual natural frequency of 510 Hz to be slightly lower than in the simulation. By keeping the angular displacement less than ±30 arcsec for z-tilt motion of the stage, the results of tracking experiments show a coupling displacement of 300 nm for the z-axis and 1 arcsec for θx while the θy tracked a sine wave of 1 Hz and an amplitude of 5 arcsec.
Neuroprotection by Combined Administration with Maslinic Acid, a Natural Product from Olea europaea, and MK-801 in the Cerebral Ischemia Model
Authors: Qian Yisong , Tang Xuzhen , Guan Teng , Li Yunman , Sun Hongbin
Published: August 2016

Glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity is a major cause of ischemic brain damage. MK-801 confers neuroprotection by attenuating the activation of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, but it failed in clinical use due to the short therapeutic window. Here we aim to investigate the effects of maslinic acid, a natural product from Olea europaea, on the therapeutic time window and dose range for the neuroprotection of MK-801. Rats were administered with maslinic acid intracerebroventricularly and cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by reperfusion. MK-801 was administered at 1 h, 2 h, 3 h and 4 h after ischemia, respectively. The cerebral infarct volume was determined by 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, neuronal damage was assessed by Haematoxylin Eosin (H&E) staining, and the expression of glial glutamate transporters and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and Western blot post-ischemia. Results showed that the presence of maslinic acid extended the therapeutic time window for MK-801 from 1 h to 3 h. Co-treatment of maslinic acid and MK-801 at a subthreshold dosage obviously induced neuroprotection after ischemia. The combination of these two compounds improved the outcome in ischemic rats. Moreover, maslinic acid treatment promoted the expression of GLT-1 and GFAP post-ischemia. These data suggest that the synergistic effect of maslinic acid on neurological protection might be associated with the improvement of glial function, especially with the increased expression of GLT-1. The combination therapy of maslinic acid and MK-801 may prove to be a potential strategy for treating acute ischemic stroke.
A Novel Polyvinylidene Fluoride Tree-Like Nanofiber Membrane for Microfiltration
Authors: Li Zongjie , Kang Weimin , Zhao Huihui , Hu Min , Wei Na , Qiu Jiuan , Cheng Bowen
Published: August 2016

A novel polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) tree-like nanofiber membrane (PVDF-TLNM) was fabricated by adding tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBAC) into a PVDF spinning solution via one-step electrospinning. The structure of the prepared membranes was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and pore size analysis, and the hydrophilic property and microfiltration performance were also evaluated. The results showed that the tree-like nanofiber was composed of trunk fibers and branch fibers with diameters of 100–500 nm and 5–100 nm, respectively. The pore size of PVDF-TLNM (0.36 μm) was smaller than that of a common nanofiber membrane (3.52 μm), and the hydrophilic properties of the membranes were improved significantly. The PVDF-TLNM with a thickness of 30 ± 2 μm showed a satisfactory retention ratio of 99.9% against 0.3 μm polystyrene (PS) particles and a high pure water flux of 2.88 × 104 L·m−2·h−1 under the pressure of 25 psi. This study highlights the potential benefits of this novel PVDF tree-like nanofiber membrane in the membrane field, which can achieve high flux rates at low pressure.
Emulation of Leaf, Canopy and Atmosphere Radiative Transfer Models for Fast Global Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Verrelst Jochem , Sabater Neus , Rivera Juan , Muñoz-Marí Jordi , Vicent Jorge , Camps-Valls Gustau , Moreno José
Published: August 2016

Physically-based radiative transfer models (RTMs) help understand the interactions of radiation with vegetation and atmosphere. However, advanced RTMs can be computationally burdensome, which makes them impractical in many real applications, especially when many state conditions and model couplings need to be studied. To overcome this problem, it is proposed to substitute RTMs through surrogate meta-models also named emulators. Emulators approximate the functioning of RTMs through statistical learning regression methods, and can open many new applications because of their computational efficiency and outstanding accuracy. Emulators allow fast global sensitivity analysis (GSA) studies on advanced, computationally expensive RTMs. As a proof-of-concept, three machine learning regression algorithms (MLRAs) were tested to function as emulators for the leaf RTM PROSPECT-4, the canopy RTM PROSAIL, and the computationally expensive atmospheric RTM MODTRAN5. Selected MLRAs were: kernel ridge regression (KRR), neural networks (NN) and Gaussian processes regression (GPR). For each RTM, 500 simulations were generated for training and validation. The majority of MLRAs were excellently validated to function as emulators with relative errors well below 0.2%. The emulators were then put into a GSA scheme and compared against GSA results as generated by original PROSPECT-4 and PROSAIL runs. NN and GPR emulators delivered identical GSA results, while processing speed compared to the original RTMs doubled for PROSPECT-4 and tripled for PROSAIL. Having the emulator-GSA concept successfully tested, for six MODTRAN5 atmospheric transfer functions (outputs), i.e., direct and diffuse at-surface solar irradiance ( E d i f , E d i r ), direct and diffuse upward transmittance ( T d i r , T d i f ), spherical albedo (S) and path radiance ( L 0 ), the most accurate MLRA’s were subsequently applied as emulator into the GSA scheme. The sensitivity analysis along the 400–2500 nm spectral range took no more than a few minutes on a contemporary computer—in comparison, the same analysis in the original MODTRAN5 would have taken over a month. Key atmospheric drivers were identified, which are on the one hand aerosol optical properties, i.e., aerosol optical thickness (AOT), Angstrom coefficient (AMS) and scattering asymmetry variable (G), mostly driving diffuse atmospheric components, E d i f and T d i f ; and those affected by atmospheric scattering, L 0 and S. On the other hand, as expected, AOT, AMS and columnar water vapor (CWV) in the absorption regions mostly drive E d i r and T d i r atmospheric functions. The presented emulation schemes showed very promising results in replacing costly RTMs, and we think they can contribute to the adoption of machine learning techniques in remote sensing and environmental applications.
CS2-Collector: A New Approach for Data Collection in Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Two-Dimensional Compressive Sensing
Authors: Wang Yong , Yang Zhuoshi , Zhang Jianpei , Li Feng , Wen Hongkai , Shen Yiran
Published: August 2016

In this paper, we consider the problem of reconstructing the temporal and spatial profile of some physical phenomena monitored by large-scale Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in an energy efficient manner. Compressive sensing is one of the popular choices to reduce the energy consumption of the data collection in WSNs. The existing solutions only consider sparsity of sensors’ data from either temporal or spatial dimensions. In this paper, we propose a novel data collection strategy, CS2-collector, for WSNs based on the theory of Two Dimensional Compressive Sensing (2DCS). It exploits both temporal and spatial sparsity, i.e., 2D-sparsity of WSNs and achieves significant gain on the tradeoff between the compression ratio and reconstruction accuracy as the numerical simulations and evaluations on different types of sensors’ data. More intuitively, with the same given energy budget, CS2-collector provides significantly more accurate reconstruction of the profile of the physical phenomena that are temporal-spatially sparse.
Linearized Programming of Memristors for Artificial Neuro-Sensor Signal Processing
Authors: Yang Changju , Kim Hyongsuk
Published: August 2016

A linearized programming method of memristor-based neural weights is proposed. Memristor is known as an ideal element to implement a neural synapse due to its embedded functions of analog memory and analog multiplication. Its resistance variation with a voltage input is generally a nonlinear function of time. Linearization of memristance variation about time is very important for the easiness of memristor programming. In this paper, a method utilizing an anti-serial architecture for linear programming is proposed. The anti-serial architecture is composed of two memristors with opposite polarities. It linearizes the variation of memristance due to complimentary actions of two memristors. For programming a memristor, additional memristor with opposite polarity is employed. The linearization effect of weight programming of an anti-serial architecture is investigated and memristor bridge synapse which is built with two sets of anti-serial memristor architecture is taken as an application example of the proposed method. Simulations are performed with memristors of both linear drift model and nonlinear model.
Influence of plant resistance traits in selectiveness and species strength in a tropical plant‐herbivore network
Authors: López‐Carretero Antonio , Boege Karina , Díaz‐Castelazo Cecilia , Domínguez Zaira , Rico‐Gray Víctor
Published: August 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Plant–herbivore networks are highly specialized in their interactions, yet they are highly variable with regard to the relative importance of specific host species for herbivores. How host species traits determine specialization and species strength in this antagonistic network is still an unanswered question that we addressed in this study.

METHODS:

We assessed plant cover and antiherbivore resistance traits to assess the extent to which they accounted for the variation in specialization and strength of interactions among species in a plant–herbivore network. We studied a tropical antagonistic network including a diverse herbivore–host plant assemblages in different habitat types and climatic seasons, including host plants with different life histories.

KEY RESULTS:

Particular combinations of leaf toughness, trichome density, and phenolic compounds influenced herbivore specialization and host species strength, but with a significant spatiotemporal variation among plant life histories. Conversely, plant–herbivore network parameters were not influenced by plant cover.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our study highlights the importance of species‐specific resistance traits of plants to understand the ecological and evolutionary consequences of plant–herbivore interaction networks. The novelty of our research lies in the use of a trait‐based approach to understand the variation observed in diverse plant–herbivore networks.
COPPER REMOVAL USING ACID ACTIVATED PEANUT HUSK FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION
Authors: INGLE Pradnya K. , KARISHMA Attarkar , RATHOD Virendra K.
Published: August 2016

Peanut husk, an agricultural waste is a precursor biomass veteran for chemical activation using phosphoric acid. The work deals with activation of peanut husk using phosphoric acid followed by its application. The effect of various parameters such as impregnation ratio, temperature, particle size and agitation speed on copper adsorption were also studied. Physical characterization of the activated adsorbent was done using SEM, BET and FTIR to understand the modifications. The optimum parameter values of chemical activation influencing adsorption were 20% phosphoric acid concentration, 1:8 acid impregnation ratio, 60 °C activation temperature and 350 rpm stirring speed. The copper uptake was 14.3 mg/g for peanut husk whereas by chemical activation it was increased to 17.88 mg/g. Thus adsorption capacity of peanut husk can be successfully improved using phosphoric acid activation.
Penser le conflit professionnel
Authors: Young Christopher
Published: August 2016

Suite à une révision du code pénal suisse, plusieurs prisons suisses ont créé une unité thérapeutique sécurisée, entraînant une arrivée importante de personnel soignant psychiatrique. Fondé sur des données ethnographiques, l'article met en évidence et analyse le discours critique envers la thérapie tenu par des surveillants. Si ce discours comprend des éléments empruntés aux représentations sociétales dominantes, il convient également, pour le cerner, de tenir compte des interactions locales dans lesquelles il prend corps. L'analyse montre que les surveillants tentent de maintenir l'ordre symbolique local et que l'appel à la « sécurité » leur sert de ressource discursive pour s'opposer au capital symbolique du personnel psychiatrique.
The Essential Role of Neutrophils during Infection with the Intracellular Bacterial Pathogen Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Witter Alexandra R. , Okunnu Busola M. , Berg Rance E.
Published: August 2016

Neutrophils have historically been characterized as first responder cells vital to host survival because of their ability to contain and eliminate bacterial and fungal pathogens. However, recent studies have shown that neutrophils participate in both protective and detrimental responses to a diverse array of inflammatory and infectious diseases. Although the contribution of neutrophils to extracellular infections has been investigated for decades, their specific role during intracellular bacterial infections has only recently been appreciated. During infection with the Gram-positive intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes, neutrophils are recruited from the bone marrow to sites of infection where they use novel bacterial-sensing pathways leading to phagocytosis and production of bactericidal factors. This review summarizes the requirement of neutrophils during L. monocytogenes infection by examining both neutrophil trafficking and function during primary and secondary infection.
The Search Conference as a Method in Planning Community Health Promotion Actions
Authors: Magnus Eva , Knudtsen Margunn Skjei , Wist Guri , Weiss Daniel , Lillefjell Monica
Published: August 2016

Aims

The aim of this article is to describe and discuss how the search conference can be used as a method for planning health promotion actions in local communities.

Design and methods

The article draws on experiences with using the method for an innovative project in health promotion in three Norwegian municipalities. The method is described both in general and how it was specifically adopted for the project.

Results and conclusions

The search conference as a method was used to develop evidence-based health promotion action plans. With its use of both bottom-up and top-down approaches, this method is a relevant strategy for involving a community in the planning stages of health promotion actions in line with political expectations of participation, ownership, and evidence-based initiatives.
Pharmacoepidemiological Data from Drug Dispensing Charities as A Measure of Health Patterns in a Population Not Assisted by the Italian National Health Service
Authors: Bini Silvia , Cerri Cesare , Rigamonti Antonello E. , Bertazzi Pietro A. , Fiorini Gianfrancesco , Cella Silvano G.
Published: August 2016

We analysed drug dispensation by charitable organisations in a year time. Drugs were grouped according to the Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical classification and the amount dispensed was calculated with the system of the Daily Defined Dose (DDD) and expressed as DDD/1000 subjects/day. A number of 87,550 subjects were studied (13,308 Italians; 74,242 Immigrants). Though we noticed a great sesonal variability, the drugs most frequently dispensed were those for the respiratory, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal system and antibiotics, which is different from the rest of the Italian population and the immigrant population assisted by our National Health Service (NHS). We also found that chronic diseases are increasing in these subjects. We conclude that the subjects not receiving NHS assitance have, at least in part, different health patterns and requirements. This should be considered when planning tailored interventions.
Ageing, Chronic Disease and Injury: A Study in Western Victoria (Australia)
Authors: Sajjad M. Amber , Holloway Kara L. , Kotowicz Mark A. , Livingston Patricia M. , Khasraw Mustafa , Hakkennes Sharon , Dunning Trisha L. , Brumby Susan , Page Richard S. , Pedler Daryl , Sutherland Alasdair , Venkatesh Svetha , Brennan-Olsen Sharon L. , Williams Lana J. , Pasco Julie A.
Published: August 2016

Background

An increasing burden of chronic disease and associated health service delivery is expected due to the ageing Australian population. Injuries also affect health and wellbeing and have a long-term impact on health service utilisation. There is a lack of comprehensive data on disease and injury in rural and regional areas of Australia. The aim of the Ageing, Chronic Disease and Injury study is to compile data from various sources to better describe the patterns of chronic disease and injury across western Victoria. Design: Ecological study. Methods: Information on demographics, socioeconomic indicators and lifestyle factors are obtained from health surveys and government departments. Data concerning chronic diseases and injuries will be sourced from various registers, health and emergency services, local community health centres and administrative databases and compiled to generate profiles for the study region and for sub-populations within the region. Expected impact for public health: This information is vital to establish current and projected population needs to inform policy and improve targeted health services delivery, care transition needs and infrastructure development. This study provides a model that can be replicated in other geographical settings.
Maternal Deaths Databases Analysis: Ecuador 2003-2013
Authors: Pino Antonio , Albán María , Rivas Alejandra , Rodríguez Erika
Published: August 2016

Background

Maternal mortality ratio in Ecuador is the only millennium goal on which national agencies are still making strong efforts to reach 2015 target. The purpose of the study was to process national maternal death databases to identify a specific association pattern of variable included in the death certificate.

Design and methods

The study processed mortality databases published yearly by the National Census and Statistics Institute (INEC). Data analysed were exclusively maternal deaths. Data corresponds to the 2003-2013 period, accessible through INEC's website. Comparisons are based on number of deaths and use an ecological approach for geographical coincidences.

Results

The study identified variable association into the maternal mortality national databases showing that to die at home or in a different place than a hospital is closely related to women's socioeconomic characteristics; there was an association with the absence of a public health facility. Also, to die in a different place than the usual residence could mean that women and families are searching for or were referred to a higher level of attention when they face complications.

Conclusions

Ecuadorian maternal deaths showed Patterns of inequity in health status, health care provision and health risks. A predominant factor seems unclear to explain the variable association found processing national databases; perhaps every pattern of health systems development played a role in maternal mortality or factors different from those registered by the statistics system may remain hidden. Some random influences might not be even considered in an explanatory model yet.
The effect of acute ingestion of alcohol at 0.05% and 0.10% blood respiratory alcohol concentration on heterophoria
Authors: Munsamy Alvin J. , Hamilton-Hoskins Ryan S. , Bero Talent , Ximba Philiswe P. , Govender Daina , Soni Maryam , Majola Lindokuhle
Published: August 2016

Introduction: Alcohol ingestion has a significant effect on speech, vision and coordination. The legal limit for driving under the influence in South Africa is 0.05% blood alcohol concentration (BAC), whilst intoxication is considered to occur at 0.10% BAC. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of acute alcohol ingestion of 0.05% and 0.10% blood respiratory alcohol concentration (BrAC) on heterophoria.Methodology: The effect of alcohol ingestion on the oculomotor systems of 31 subjects was the basis of this quasi-experimental quantitative study. Various parameters were compared before and after the ingestion of 10% alc red wine. The Alcoscan ALP-1 breathalyser test was used as an indicator of BrAC. Heterophoric, fusional vergence and near point of convergence (NPC) measurements were measured during an experimental phase at 0.05% and 0.10% BrAC levels and a control phase at a 0% BrAC.Results: Mean changes in heterophoria for distance showed an increase of 1.13∆ ± 1.34∆ and 2.19∆ ± 1.70∆ towards esophoria at a BrAC of 0.05% and 0.10% respectively. At near, the results showed a mean increase of 0.84∆ ± 1.75∆ and 0.97∆ ± 1.70∆ towards exophoria at a BrAC of 0.05% and 0.10% respectively. There was a further mean decrease in the positive and negative fusional vergences as well as receded NPC break and recovery measurements at 0.05% and 0.10% BAC.Conclusion: It can be concluded that a BrAC of 0.05% has a minimal effect on heterophoria. However, at a BrAC of 0.1% there is a significant effect on heterophoria, fusional vergences and the NPC. This may or may not be clinically significant.
Распределения многочленов на многомерных и бесконечномерных пространствах с мерами
Authors: Bogachev Vladimir Igorevich
Published: August 2016

В статье дается обзор недавних исследований, связанных с распределениями многочленов на многомерных и бесконечномерных пространствах с мерами. Приведены основные результаты о (не зависящих от числа переменных) оценках функций распределения и интегральных норм, а также о сходимости распределений многочленов по вариации и в метрике Канторовича. Рассказывается об интересных открытых проблемах в этой области на стыке теории функций, теории вероятностей и теории меры.
Библиография: 131 название.
Операторно липшицевы функции
Authors: Aleksandrov Alexei Borisovich , Peller Vladimir Vsevolodovich
Published: August 2016

Целью обзора является подробное изучение операторно липшицевых функций. Непрерывная функция $f$ на вещественной прямой $\mathbb{R}$ называется операторно липшицевой, если $\|f(A)-f(B)\|\leqslantconst\|A-B\|$ для любых самосопряжeнных операторов $A$ и $B$. Приводятся достаточные условия и необходимые условия для операторной липшицевости. Изучается также класс операторно дифференцируемых функций на $\mathbb{R}$. Далее рассматривается класс операторно липшицевых функций на замкнутых подмножествах плоскости, а также вводится класс коммутаторно липшицевых функций на таких подмножествах. Для изучения этих классов функций важную роль играют двойные операторные интегралы и мультипликаторы Шура.
Библиография: 77 названий.
Study of NWP parameterizations on extreme precipitation events over Basque Country
Authors: Gelpi Iván R. , Gaztelumendi Santiago , Carreño Sheila , Hernández Roberto , Egaña Joseba
Published: August 2016

Abstract. The Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF), like other numerical models, can make use of several parameterization schemes. The purpose of this study is to determine how available cumulus parameterization (CP) and microphysics (MP) schemes in the WRF model simulate extreme precipitation events in the Basque Country. Possible combinations among two CP schemes (Kain–Fritsch and Betts–Miller–Janjic) and five MP (WSM3, Lin, WSM6, new Thompson and WDM6) schemes were tested. A set of simulations, corresponding to 21st century extreme precipitation events that have caused significant flood episodes have been compared with point observational data coming from the Basque Country Automatic Weather Station Mesonetwork. Configurations with Kain–Fritsch CP scheme produce better quantity of precipitation forecast (QPF) than BMJ scheme configurations. Depending on the severity level and the river basin analysed different MP schemes show the best behaviours, demonstrating that there is not a unique configuration that solve exactly all the studied events.
Organization Citizenship and Employee Withdrawal Behavior in the Workplace
Authors: Smith J. R. , Micich Lisa A. , McWilliams Douglas L.
Published: August 2016

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of organizational citizenship behaviors (altruism, courtesy, sportsmanship, generalized compliance and civic virtue) on employee withdrawal behaviors (turnover, absenteeism and tardiness).   Most research in the OCB literature focused on the impact of organizational citizenship behaviors on turnover, with minimal attention directed toward absenteeism and tardiness, as negative employee performance behaviors.  Data were obtained from employees (N = 334) at a municipal law enforcement agency with (N = 624) employees resulting in a 53.53% usable response rate.  Data analysis indicated that job satisfaction was directly related to organizational citizenship behavior; and organizational citizenship behavior was inversely related to overall employee withdrawal behavior.  Study findings did not lend support for organizational commitment being directly related to organizational citizenship behavior. The authors specified study limitations and future research opportunities.
Primary Salivary Human Stem/Progenitor Cells Undergo Microenvironment-Driven Acinar-Like Differentiation in Hyaluronate Hydrogel Culture
Authors: Srinivasan Padma Pradeepa , Patel Vaishali N. , Liu Shuang , Harrington Daniel A. , Hoffman Matthew P. , Jia Xinqiao , Witt Robert L. , Farach-Carson Mary C. , Pradhan-Bhatt Swati
Published: August 2016

Radiotherapy for head and neck cancer often has undesirable effects on salivary glands that lead to xerostomia or severe dry mouth, which can increase oral infections. Our goal is to engineer functional, three-dimensional (3D) salivary gland neotissue for autologous implantation to provide permanent relief. An immediate need exists to obtain autologous adult progenitor cells as the use of embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells potentially pose serious risks such as teratogenicity and immunogenic rejection. Here, we report an expandable population of primary salivary human stem/progenitor cells (hS/PCs) that can be reproducibly and scalably isolated and propagated from tissue biopsies. These cells have increased expression of progenitor markers (K5, K14, MYC, ETV4, ETV5) compared with differentiation markers of the parotid gland (acinar: MIST1/BHLHA15 and AMY1A; ductal: K19 and TFCP2L1). Isolated hS/PCs grown in suspension formed primary and secondary spheres and could be maintained in long-term 3D hydrogel culture. When grown in a customized 3D modular hyaluronate-based hydrogel system modified with bioactive basement membrane-derived peptides, levels of progenitor markers, indices of proliferation, and viability of hS/PCs were enhanced. When appropriate microenvironmental cues were provided in a controlled manner in 3D, such as stimulation with β-adrenergic and cholinergic agonists, hS/PCs differentiated into an acinar-like lineage, needed for saliva production. We conclude that the stem/progenitor potential of adult hS/PCs isolated without antigenic sorting or clonal expansion in suspension, combined with their ability to differentiate into specialized salivary cell lineages in a human-compatible culture system, makes them ideal for use in 3D bioengineered salivary gland applications.
Documenter l’activité tutorale en situation de travail : pour une approche du « travail en actes »
Authors: Markaki Vassiliki , Rémery Vanessa
Published: August 2016

Cette contribution vise à documenter l’activité tutorale en situation de travail à partir d’une analyse du « travail en actes » d’éducatrices de la petite enfance chargées d’accompagner des stagiaires au sein de structures d’accueil collectif. La manière dont s’opérationnalise la médiation du tuteur dans ces situations structurées par un travail interactionnel permanent se déploie selon des modalités particulières, éminemment indexées aux événements qui émergent, démultipliant par exemple les formats d’échanges entre les participants de la situation et reconfigurant en permanence l’organisation de l’activité en cours. Sur la base d’une série d’enregistrements audiovisuels, nous avons adopté une approche en analyse du travail centrée sur l’activité et l’interaction qui s’appuie sur les principes de l’analyse conversationnelle d’orientation ethnométhodologique. Une description fine des pratiques tutorales permet ainsi d’accéder aux manières dont les éducatrices, endossant un rôle de tutrice, transmettent des savoirs et des compétences professionnelles dans le cours même du travail.
L’activité des salariés d’agences de travail temporaire
Authors: Vultur Mircea
Published: August 2016

Cet article se propose d’analyser l’activité des salariés d’agences de travail temporaire qui est la figure emblématique des nouvelles relations triangulaires, fort illustrative du contexte « connexionnel » où le travailleur est pris, de manière simultanée, entre plusieurs logiques d’action, sollicité de manière multiple par son environnement et interpellé par des cadres relationnels différenciés. Nous analysons le vécu de ces situations, en mettant l’accent sur le travail comme activité et non pas comme rapport social. Nous rendons compte de pratiques de travail perçues, de l’expérience vécue par les travailleurs d’agence à partir de la perception qu’ils ont de leur statut et de leurs conditions de travail. Les deux dimensions de l’analyse seront : a) la relation que les travailleurs d’agence entretiennent avec leur environnement spécifique de travail et b) les logiques de recours aux agences qui se situent en dissonance avec les conditions concrètes de l’activité de travail. Nous montrerons que l’activité est précaire et peu investie de sens et que le recours aux agences, stratégique ou hasardeux, tient peu compte des caractéristiques de l’activité, les travailleurs se trouvant dans un rapport « opportuniste » avec leur environnement de travail. Pour eux, le « vrai travail » se situe en dehors de l’« activité ». Nos analyses ont comme base un matériau empirique formé de quarante-deux entrevues avec des salariés d’agence réalisées en 2012-2013 dans les régions de Québec et de Montréal.
Facteurs contextuels et types de motivation reliés aux comportements agressifs
Authors: Gagnon Marc-André , Morin Diane
Published: August 2016

Les personnes présentant une déficience intellectuelle sont plus à risque que la population sans déficience intellectuelle d’émettre des comportements agressifs. Les comportements agressifs peuvent avoir plusieurs causes, telles que les problèmes de santé physique et mentale, l’environnement de la personne et les déficits chez la personne à exprimer ses besoins. Plusieurs études ont été réalisées afin d’identifier les causes possibles des comportements agressifs, mais rares sont les études qui ont tenté d’en faire ressortir les plus fréquentes. Certains types de motivation pourraient également influencer le type de comportement émis par la personne. Cette étude exploratoire fait ressortir les facteurs contextuels les plus importants pour chacun des types de comportements agressifs émis et explore l’influence de différents types de motivation.
Social Work Curriculum Review Case Study
Authors: Watters Elizabeth C. , Cait Cheryl-Anne , Oba Funke
Published: August 2016

This paper presents the findings from community focus groups, comprised of social service users, and explores the characteristics of effective social workers. Focus groups were conducted as part of a case study to inform a Master of Social Work (MSW) curriculum review at Wilfrid Laurier University’s Faculty of Social Work. Wilfrid Laurier University has two MSW programs—the MSW Aboriginal Field of Study (AFS) and a non-Aboriginal program. The case for this study was the non-Aboriginal MSW program. Ongoing program evaluation that includes feedback from service users honours the knowledge of marginalized communities, and is an accreditation requirement of the Canadian Association for Social Work Education (CASWE). Four focus groups were conducted with a total of 24 individuals who access programs from human service organizations that provide supportive housing, immigrant, or refugee services in the Kitchener-Waterloo area. Service users identified numerous characteristics of effective social workers, including kindness, cultural awareness, and strong communication skills, as well as the need to articulate and address issues of professional suitability. We conclude by querying whether the typical assessment of MSW students’ suitability for the profession is adequate, and provide the AFSwholisticand comprehensive evaluation as an example of an alternative approach to MSW student assessment.
Interactions des personnes sans abri avec les services de police : profilage social et droits
Authors: Kauppi Carol , Pallard Henri , Ellery Vivan
Published: August 2016

Dans le présent article, nous examinons les récits de 29 personnes sans abri afin de comprendre comment leurs interactions avec les policiers présentent des traits de profilage social et racial. Ces personnes sont des femmes et des hommes de 18 à 54 ans provenant du nord-est de l’Ontario. Les personnes autochtones forment la majeure partie de l’échantillonnage (66 %), tandis que les personnes anglophones, francophones ou membres de groupes racialisés en constituent des parts moins importantes. Les transcriptions des entrevues ont fait l’objet d’une analyse thématique qualitative afin d’identifier des thèmes d’interaction et de les coder. Nous examinons les cinq types d’interaction avec la police les plus communs selon deux aspects : premièrement, comment les personnes sans abri décrivent leurs mauvaises expériences d’interaction du point de vue du profilage social, y compris le profilage racial, et, deuxièmement, comment certaines actions de la police peuvent porter atteinte aux droits des personnes sans abri garantis par les articles 7 à 10 de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés. Les résultats indiquent que le profilage social est un concept plus pertinent que le profilage racial lorsqu’on considère les expériences vécues par les personnes sans abri, étant donné que la police tend apparemment à cibler l’ensemble des personnes sans abri en leur infligeant un traitement éprouvant, voire violent, qui porte atteinte à leurs droits, notamment ceux garantis par la Charte.
Coordination ou coopération ? Deux approches paradigmatiques à la gestion d’un système de dualité
Authors: Bank Volker
Published: August 2016

Chaque système éducatif requiert de la gestion et du pilotage, y compris le secteur vocationnel ou professionnel. Pourtant, les effets sur la logique didactique des telles organisations peuvent être très différents d’un secteur à un autre. Un dispositif d’éducation ou de formation par alternance requiert de la coordination ou de la coopération. En Allemagne, bien qu’on parle surtout de l’importance de la « coopération » depuis plus d’une décennie, le système dual s’est développé au sein de l’éducation vocationnelle ou professionnelle selon le principe d’une gestion par coordination. Le pilotage « par plans » a semblé l’approche la plus adéquate pour organiser ce système dual. À partir de l’idée d’une dualité didactique, nous pouvons démontrer les qualités nécessaires du pilotage « par plans » à des fins de coordination de logiques didactiques différentes.
The mitochondrial acyl carrier protein (ACP) coordinates mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis with iron sulfur cluster biogenesis
Authors: Van Vranken Jonathan G , Jeong Mi-Young , Wei Peng , Chen Yu-Chan , Gygi Steven P , Winge Dennis R , Rutter Jared
Published: August 2016

Mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis (FASII) and iron sulfur cluster (FeS) biogenesis are both vital biosynthetic processes within mitochondria. In this study, we demonstrate that the mitochondrial acyl carrier protein (ACP), which has a well-known role in FASII, plays an unexpected and evolutionarily conserved role in FeS biogenesis. ACP is a stable and essential subunit of the eukaryotic FeS biogenesis complex. In the absence of ACP, the complex is destabilized resulting in a profound depletion of FeS throughout the cell. This role of ACP depends upon its covalently bound 4’-phosphopantetheine (4-PP)-conjugated acyl chain to support maximal cysteine desulfurase activity. Thus, it is likely that ACP is not simply an obligate subunit but also exploits the 4-PP-conjugated acyl chain to coordinate mitochondrial fatty acid and FeS biogenesis.
Initial steps of the pathogenesis of the infection caused byStreptococcus suis: fighting against nonspecific defenses
Authors: Segura Mariela , Calzas Cynthia , Grenier Daniel , Gottschalk Marcelo
Published: August 2016

Interactions between a bacterial pathogen and its potentially susceptible host are initiated with the colonization step. During respiratory/oral infection, the pathogens must compete with the normal microflora, resist defense mechanisms of the local mucosal immunity, and finally reach, adhere, and breach the mucosal epithelial cell barrier in order to induce invasive disease. This is the case during infection by the swine and zoonotic pathogenStreptococcus suis, which is able to counteract mucosal barriers to induce severe meningitis and sepsis in swine and in humans. The initial steps of the pathogenesis ofS. suisinfection has been a neglected area of research, overshadowed by studies on the systemic and central nervous phases of the disease. In this Review article, we provide for the first time, an exclusive focus onS. suiscolonization and the potential mechanisms involved inS. suisestablishment at the mucosa, as well as the mechanisms regulating mucosal barrier breakdown. The role of mucosal immunity is also addressed. Finally, we demystify the extensive list of putative adhesins and virulence factors reported to be involved in the initial steps of pathogenesis byS. suis.
High export via small particles before the onset of the North Atlantic spring bloom
Authors: Giering S. L. C. , Sanders R. , Martin A. P. , Lindemann C. , Möller K. O. , Daniels C. J. , Mayor D. J. , St. John M. A.
Published: August 2016

Sinking organic matter in the North Atlantic Ocean transfers 1–3 Gt carbon yr−1 from the surface ocean to the interior. The majority of this exported material is thought to be in form of large, rapidly sinking particles that aggregate during or after the spring phytoplankton bloom. However, recent work has suggested that intermittent water column stratification resulting in the termination of deep convection can isolate phytoplankton from the euphotic zone, leading to export of small particles. We present depth profiles of large (>0.1 mm equivalent spherical diameter, ESD) and small (<0.1 mm ESD) sinking particle concentrations and fluxes prior to the spring bloom at two contrasting sites in the North Atlantic (61.30°N, 11.00°W and 62.50°N, 02.30°W) derived from the Marine Snow Catcher and the Video Plankton Recorder. The downward flux of organic carbon via small particles ranged from 23 to 186 mg C m−2 d−1, often constituting the bulk of the total particulate organic carbon flux. We propose that these rates were driven by two different mechanisms. In the Norwegian Basin, small sinking particles likely reached the upper mesopelagic by disaggregation of larger, faster sinking particles. In the Iceland Basin, a storm deepened the mixed layer to >300 m depth, leading to deep mixing of particles as deep as 600 m. Subsequent restratification could trap these particles at depth and lead to high particle fluxes at depth without the need for aggregation (“mixed‐layer pump”). Overall, we suggest that prebloom fluxes to the mesopelagic are significant, and the role of small sinking particles requires careful consideration.