bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
I Care That You Don’t Share: Confidentiality in Student-Robot Interactions
Authors: Mennens Kars , Becker Marc , Briker Roman , Mahr Dominik , Steins Mark
Published: November 2024

Enabled by technological advances, robot teachers have entered educational service frontlines. Scholars and policymakers suggest that during Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), human teachers should remain “in-the-loop” (i.e., oversee interactions between students and robots). Drawing on impression management theory, we challenge this belief to argue that robot teacher confidentiality (i.e., robot teachers not sharing student interactions with the human teacher) lets students make more use of the technology. To examine this effect and provide deeper insights into multiple mechanisms and boundary conditions, we conduct six field, laboratory and online experiments that use virtual and physical robot teachers (Total N = 2,012). We first show that students indeed make more use of a confidential (vs. nonconfidential) robot teacher (both physical and virtual). In a qualitative study (Study 2), we use structural topic modeling to inductively identify relevant mediators and moderators. Studies 3 through 5 provide support for these, showing two key mediators (i.e., social judgment concern and interaction anxiety) and two moderators (i.e., student prevention focus and teacher benevolence) for the effect of robot teacher confidentiality. Collectively, the present research introduces the concept of service robot confidentiality, illustrating why and how not sharing HRI with a third actor critically impacts educational service encounters.
A Pharmacokinetic Model Determination of Time Activity Curves in Radiopharmaceutical Therapy
Authors: Steiner Joseph , Nguyen Brandon , Jafari Farhad
Published: November 2024

Introduction and Purpose

Radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT) dosimetry can be challenging to perform due to sparse data measurements and variations in how the time activity curve (TAC) is determined. In this work, a single system of equations was theoretically derived to estimate the TAC.

Methods

A pharmacokinetic (PK) model was developed to estimate patient specific rate constants for a given set of body compartments. The PK model and an optimizer were numerically implemented to determine the rate constants and, using these physiologic data, to generate TACs and time integrated activities (TIAs) for 3 tissue systems from clinical data gathered in 5 patients. A fourth (aggregate) tissue compartment is added using conservation of activity considerations.

Results

Feasibility of the PK model was demonstrated by successfully generating TACs and TIAs for all patients in a manner comparable to existing methods in the literature. The data are compared to smaller sampling regimes. Differences between the 3- and 4-compartment models show that conservation of activity considerations should be part of TAC estimations.

Conclusion

The results here suggest a new paradigm in RPT in using the rate constants so identified as a diagnostic tool and as a vehicle to achieving individualized tumorcidal dose and/or the maximum tolerable dose to normal tissues.
Artifacts Deceive: The Electroretinogram in the Electroencephalogram of a teenager with cerebral anoxia
Authors: Bhatia Sonal
Published: November 2024

Artifacts on an electroencephalogram (EEG) – whether physiologic or non-physiologic – can be common and are important to recognize to prevent errors in interpretation. One such EEG artifact is an electroretinogram (ERG) artifact which occurs during photic stimulation. Typically, of a low amplitude, its presence is usually obscured by normal EEG activity over the frontopolar channels but it can appear prominent in very suppressed or EEG recordings showing electrocerebral inactivity. Overall, rarely reported in the literature, the purpose of this case report is to highlight the presence of an ERG artifact in a teenage boy where EEG was obtained after a cerebral anoxic event. It is important that EEG readers identify this to be a non-cerebral waveform in order to provide an accurate assessment of neurologic prognosis.
What engagement strategies are useful in facilitating the implementation of electronic health records in health care settings? A rapid review of qualitative evidence synthesis using the normalization process theory
Authors: Zharima Campion , Mhlanga Samantha , Abdulla Saira , Goudge Jane , Griffiths Frances
Published: November 2024

Objective

The study aimed to identify and describe the engagement strategies used in implementing electronic health records in health care settings and to ascertain why they were successful or not, using normalization process theory.

Methods

In this rapid review, we searched PubMed and CINAHL for qualitative and mixed methods primary studies published from 2010 to 2023 (June). We identified 41 studies that explored the implementation of EHRs, involving clinicians as participants. For quality appraisal, we employed the standards for reporting qualitative research (SRQR) tool. For analysis, a qualitative comparative analysis, using the normalization process theory was conducted. This was followed by a narrative synthesis to compile and analyze key findings.

Results

About 56% ( n = 23) of the studies were conducted in hospitals, while the remaining were done in mental health, maternity, and ambulatory care settings. Participants included a range of clinicians such as nurses, physicians, doctors, dentists, pediatricians and other specialists. Evidence shows that prior to implementation, effective communication of the vision of EHRs and early user involvement in decision-making are useful engagement strategies in preparing users for implementation. Tailored training and on-demand technical support for users sustain system usage during the roll out. Lastly, ongoing engagement with users is essential for continuous user support and system improvements.

Conclusion

User engagement improves the chances of successful implementation, particularly if engagement strategies are effective for the specific stages of implementation. The success of these strategies is more evident when they ensure normalization process theory tenets, which include user coherence, cognitive participation, collective action and reflective monitoring.
The Giant Leap in the Development of Higher Engineering Education in China
Authors: Wu (邬正阳) Zhengyang
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study discusses the development of higher engineering education and its future direction following the increased enrollment in higher education institutions in China.

Design/Approach/Methods

By compiling and analyzing corresponding policies and historical and statistical data, the large-scale expansion process and quality enhancement pathways of China's higher engineering education are summarized. Additionally, probable future development scenarios are identified based on the current situation.

Findings

Ever since the expansion of higher education enrollment in China, higher engineering education has experienced rapid expansion in scale and quality, leading China toward becoming a prolific global leader in this aspect. Through a series of national engineering educational reforms, such as “Engineering Program Accreditation,” “Outstanding Engineer Plan,” and “New Engineering Construction,” China has sought to improve the quality of engineering talent to “transition from a large state to a powerful state” in higher engineering education. Therefore, this development process can be considered a “golden age” of higher engineering education development in China. Going forward, China's higher engineering education should focus on continuous quality improvement, strengthen international exchanges and collaboration, and expansion into new engineering fields.

Originality/Value

This study systematically analyzes the large-scale expansion and quality enhancement routes of China's higher engineering education. By enhancing the understanding of such education, this study can serve as a reference for domestic and foreign engineering education researchers.
Research progress of MUC1 in genitourinary cancers
Authors: Mao Weipu , Zhang Houliang , Wang Keyi , Geng Jiang , Wu Jianping
Published: November 2024

MUC1 is a highly glycosylated transmembrane protein with a high molecular weight. It plays a role in lubricating and protecting mucosal epithelium, participates in epithelial cell renewal and differentiation, and regulates cell adhesion, signal transduction, and immune response. MUC1 is expressed in both normal and malignant epithelial cells, and plays an important role in the diagnosis, prognosis prediction and clinical monitoring of a variety of tumors and is expected to be a new therapeutic target. This article reviews the structural features, expression regulation mechanism, and research progress of MUC1 in the development of genitourinary cancers and its clinical applications.
The optimal timing of breast cancer surgery after COVID-19 infection: an observational study
Authors: Bi Zhao , Cheng Wei-Hao , Zheng Wen-Hao , Ren Tong-Yue , Chen Peng , Liu Yan-Bing , Qiu Peng-Fei , Wang Wei-Li , Wang Yong-Sheng
Published: November 2024

Purpose

It is controversial for the optimal time of breast cancer surgery after COVID-19 infection. Purpose was to assess the risk of postoperative complication in breast cancer patients with COVID-19 infection, in order to select optimal surgery timing after COVID-19 infection.

Methods

Breast cancer patients infected with COVID-19 and performed surgery between December 20th, 2022 to March 20th, 2023 were included in this prospective study (n = 577). Patients performed surgery between May 1, 2019 to October 1, 2019 were listed as control group (n = 329). They had not been infected with COVID-19 before surgery. Patients were grouped by time of surgery relative to COVID-19 infection. Database was evaluated using logistic regression.

Results

Patients infected with COVID-19 had a higher incidence of complications after surgery compared to that not-COVID-19 infection (6.59% vs. 3.04%). Multivariable logistic analysis demonstrated that timing of surgery was associated with complications (OR = 4.253; 95% CI: 0.855–21.153, P = 0.044). Patients performed surgery within 2 weeks after COVID-19 infection had the highest rates of complication (17.65%) when compared with other groups, while the incidence was decreased into 5.51% when surgery 2 weeks or more after COVID-19 infection. With a median follow-up was 10 months, all patients with complications were recovered without serious complications or death, which had no adverse effect on subsequent anti-tumor therapy.

Conclusions

It needs to be cautious when breast cancer surgery was performed within 2 weeks after COVID-19 infection. Although the incidence of complications in patients undergoing surgery 2 weeks after COVID-19 infection is still slightly high, surgery might be recommended considering urgency of treatment, good prognosis of complications and the lack of influence on subsequent adjuvant therapy.
Light curing infection control barriers: do some types jeopardize the concept of conventional bulk-fill composites?
Authors: Sherief Dalia I. , Kandil Mohamed M. , El-Refai Dina Ahmed
Published: November 2024

Background

Using infection control barriers (ICBs) on light curing units (LCUs) became mandatory to achieve proper infection control measures without jeopardizing the integrity of the restorations, especially at deeper layers. This study explored the effect of two ICBs on the irradiance of the LCU, as well as the degree of conversion (DC) and flexural strength (FS) of two types of bulk-fill composites. Water vapor permeability (WVP) of both barriers was also assessed to evaluate the capability of such barriers to prevent transmission of blood and saliva droplets and aerosols.

Methods

Two bulk-fill composites (X-tra fil and Tetric N- ceram) and two ICBs (Pinnacle Cure sleeve and Sanita wrapping film) were used in this study. Light irradiance was recorded per experimental condition using spectroradiometer. For DC and FS, specimens of 4 mm thickness were prepared. Each specimen was composed of two separable upper and lower layers of thickness 2 mm. DC and FS were measured using Infra-red spectroscopy and three-point loading test respectively. WVP was investigated using the cup method. Means and standard deviations were calculated, and the data were statistically analyzed using factorial analysis of variance test (α = 0.05).

Results

Light irradiance showed highest values using no ICBs and lowest values using Pinnacle curing sleeve. Both bulk-fill composites showed higher DC mean values without ICBs and when using Sanita wrapping film for both upper and lower layers of the specimens compared to Pinnacle curing sleeve. The upper layers of composite specimens showed higher DC compared to lower layers for all experimental conditions. Both ICBs had no adverse effect on FS of both composites’ upper layers. Pinnacle sleeve significantly reduced FS of both composites’ lower layers. X-tra fil showed higher DC and FS compared to Tetric N-Ceram for all experimental conditions. Regarding WVP; the wrapping film showed higher WVP compared to the curing sleeve.

Conclusions

Sanita wrapping film can be used as a successful ICB, without jeopardizing the concept of bulk-fill composites. Pinnacle cure sleeve can be considered an effective ICB, however its influence on properties and serviceability of bulk-fill composites remains questionable.
How and why do community stakeholders participate in the national stroke audit in England? Findings from a mixed-method online survey
Authors: Russell L , Chouliara N , Lewis S , James M , Fisher R
Published: November 2024

Background

National audit programmes are a recognised means of assessing quality of healthcare by collecting and reporting data in relation to evidence-based standards. The Sentinel Stroke National Audit Programme is a prospective audit of processes and outcomes for all stroke patients in England, Wales and Northern Ireland which has historically focused on hospital-based care. Evidence suggests it has been successful in driving quality improvement. What has yet to be explored is the influence of such a national audit programme on community-based healthcare. The aims of this study were to understand how community stakeholders perceive and participate in the audit.

Methods

The study used a realist approach, being theory driven and informed by collaborators including stroke clinicians and experts in realist and audit methodology. Contextual determinants and mechanisms were identified from the literature as having the potential to influence quality improvement. These were operationalised into 18 survey items, using a combination of 5-point scales and yes / no responses. Free text options offered the opportunity to expand upon responses.

The online survey was distributed using social media, clinical networks and professional bodies. Representation was sought from community stroke stakeholders across England and from roles throughout the audit process including administrative, clinical, management and commissioning.

Results

The survey achieved a national sample from a broad range of stakeholders (n=206). Participants reported being engaged in the audit, committing significant resources to participation. National audit feedback was described as being used to support a range of improvement activities, including funding for additional staff and service reorganisation. A number of factors influenced the ability of teams to participate in audit and utilise feedback for quality improvement. These included the online platform, the accuracy of data submitted and leadership support.

Conclusions

Findings highlight the work needed in terms of the data captured, organisational audit support and engagement with feedback if the potential of the audit as a tool for quality improvement in community rehabilitation (as highlighted in acute stroke care) is to be realised.
Robot-assisted technique can achieve accurate screw placement in four-corner fusion and reduce operative difficulty: a cadaver study
Authors: Wang Zhixin , Liu Bo , Yi Zhe , Xu Ke , Jia Shijie , Wang Qianqian , Yin Yaobin
Published: November 2024

Background

The purpose of this study is to explore the feasibility and accuracy of a robot-assisted technique in four-corner fusion compared with traditional freehand operation.

Methods

Twenty cadaver specimens were randomly assigned to the robot-assisted group and freehand groups. Three screws were placed percutaneously to fix the capitate-lunate joint, lunate-triquetrum joint, and triquetrum-hamate-capitate joint in each specimen by robot-assisted or freehand technique. The offset between the actual and planned screw positions was determined by merging the images of intraoperative and postoperative CT scans in the robot-assisted group. The centrality of the screw, time-consuming, drilling attempts, and radiation exposure were compared between the two groups.

Results

The mean offset between the actual and planned screw position was 1.09 (SD: 0.56) mm. The offset at the start point of the screw was significantly lower than that at the endpoint. There was no significant difference in the centrality of the screws, surgical time between the two groups. The number of drilling attempts and the radiation dose received by surgeons were significantly lower in the robot-assisted group.

Conclusions

Although there was no significant difference in screw centrality between the two groups, the slight offset between the actual and planned screw positions confirmed the feasibility of the robot-assisted technique in four-corner fusion. The robot-assisted technique has advantages in reducing the difficulty of surgery and protecting the surgeon from exposure to large doses of radiation.
Single intravenous administration of oncolytic adenovirus TILT-123 results in systemic tumor transduction and immune response in patients with advanced solid tumors
Authors: Jirovec Elise , Quixabeira Dafne C. A. , Clubb James H. A. , Pakola Santeri A. , Kudling Tatiana , Arias Victor , Haybout Lyna , Jalkanen Katriina , Alanko Tuomo , Monberg Tine , Khammari Amir , Dreno Brigitte , Svane Inge Marie , Block Matthew S. , Adamo Daniel A. , Mäenpää Johanna , Kistler Claudia , Sorsa Suvi , Hemminki Otto , Kanerva Anna , Santos João M. , Cervera-Carrascon Victor , Hemminki Akseli
Published: November 2024

Background

A limitation of approved oncolytic viruses is their requirement for intratumoral (i.t.) injection. TILT-123 (igrelimogene litadenorepvec, Ad5/3-E2F-D24-hTNFα-IRES-hIL-2) is a chimeric oncolytic adenovirus suitable for intravenous (i.v.) delivery due to its capsid modification and dual selectivity devices. It is armed with tumor necrosis alpha and interleukin-2 for promoting T-cell activation and lymphocyte trafficking to tumors, thereby enhancing the antitumor immune response. Here, we present the findings after a single i.v. administration of TILT-123 in three phase I dose escalation clinical trials.

Methods

Patients with advanced solid tumors initially received a single i.v. dose of TILT-123 ranging from 3 × 109 to 4 × 1012 viral particles (VP). Blood was collected at baseline, 1, 16, and 192 h (7 days) post-treatment for bioavailability and serum analysis. Tumor biopsies were collected prior to treatment and 7 days post-treatment for analysis of viral presence and immunological effects. Patients did not receive any other cancer therapies during this period.

Results

Across all three trials (TUNIMO, TUNINTIL, and PROTA), 52 total patients were treated with i.v. TILT-123. Overall, TILT-123 was found to be well-tolerated, with no dose-limiting toxicities observed. Post-treatment tumor biopsies showed expression of viral genes, presence of TILT-123 adenovirus proteins or DNA, and changes in immune cell infiltration from baseline. Increased virus dose did not lead to increased virus detection in tumors. Median overall survival was longer in patients with confirmed presence of TILT-123 in post-treatment biopsies (280 versus 190 days, p = 0.0405).

Conclusion

TILT-123 demonstrated safety and significant intratumoral immunomodulation following a single i.v. administration, warranting further investigation.

Trial registrations

TUNIMO—NCT04695327. Registered 4 January 2021, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04695327. TUNINTIL—NCT04217473. Registered 19 December 2019, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04217473. PROTA—NCT05271318. Registered 4 February 2022, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05271318.
The role and perception of the caregiver in a specialized pediatric palliative care center in medicine preparation and administration: a survey study
Authors: Baratiri Fernando , Zanella Chiara , Roverato Barbara , Mengato Daniele , Camuffo Laura , Pivato Lisa , Avagnina Irene , Maghini Irene , Divisic Antuan , Rusalen Francesca , Agosto Caterina , Venturini Francesca , Benini Franca , Zanin Anna
Published: November 2024

Background

In pediatric palliative care, the main caregiver is primarily responsible for managing pharmaceutical therapies. Few data are available regarding the influence of this burden on quality of life in terms of time, concerns as well as a considerable risk of administration errors and adverse effects. This study aims to investigate how caregivers prepared and administrated medication, including errors and associated expectations, to identify improvement interventions.

Methods

Between October 2022 and March 2023, a descriptive single-center survey study was carried out in the tertiary care pediatric palliative center of the Padova University Hospital. Participants were the caregivers of the patients followed by our center up to 23 years old, receiving at least one drug daily and who cannot self-administer their therapy. The questionnaire consisted of 18 multiple-choice and semi-closed questions, grouped into 4 main topics: therapy preparation, therapy administration, administration errors and therapy assessment.

Results

A total of 100 caregivers responded to the survey. Mothers represented the main caregiver (91%). The prevalence of polypharmacy was 67% across the patients. 52% of caregivers handled prescriptions at least three times per day and for 32% it took to prepare them more than 5 min each time. Only 59% reported to have been trained for preparing and administrating drugs. 14% reported having made at least a drug administration error due to the tiredness or the complexity of therapeutic regimens in the preceding three months. Nearly one caregiver out of three felt their child was using too many drugs. 73% positively welcomed the possibility of having clinical pharmacist-led counseling.

Conclusions

Many caregivers of pediatric palliative care patients frequently have trouble planning, preparing and delivering pharmacological therapy to their children. Attempting to simplify medication regimens, choosing formulations that are simpler to administer and measure, investing in improved caregiver training, talking about therapies with carers, and involving clinical pharmacists to clarify their doubts could be all potential strategies to improve this condition and reduce their burden.
Claudin2 is involved in the interaction between Megalocytivirus-induced virus-mock basement membrane (VMBM) and lymphatic endothelial cells
Authors: He Jian-hui , Han Deyu , Meng Xianyu , Li Lingling , Hu Bangping , Yan Muting , Wang Zi-Ang , Weng Shaoping , He Jianguo , Xu Xiaopeng
Published: November 2024

The genus Megalocytivirus, belonging to the family Iridoviridae, is one of the most detrimental virus groups to fish aquaculture. Megalocytivirus creates a virus-mock basement membrane (VMBM) on the surface of infected cells. This membrane provides attachment sites for lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), disrupting fish's endothelial cell-extracellular matrix system. This disruption triggers injury to the vascular system and can result in death. Exploring the VMBM-cell interaction mechanism is crucial for uncovering the pathogenesis of Megalocytivirus and identifying therapeutic targets. Claudins, a class of tetra transmembrane proteins, play a key role in creating tight junctions between endothelial or epithelial cells. In this study, we demonstrated that the expression of Claudin2, a member of the Claudin family in fish, was significantly up-regulated by Megalocytivirus infection. Claudin2 was found in LECs attached to the surface of infected cells. It interacted with the VMBM viral components VP23R, VP08R, and VP33L at multiple binding sites through its two extracellular loops. However, it did not interact with the host basement membrane’s nidogen. Therefore, Claudin2 is involved in the interaction of LEC with VMBM and plays a role in the disturbed distribution of extracellular matrix and endothelial cells in Megalocytivirus-infected fish tissues. This study aims to uncover the molecular mechanisms by which Megalocytivirus infection leads to pathological changes in the vascular system.
Embryotrophic effect of exogenous protein contained adipose-derived stem cell extracellular vesicles
Authors: Bang Seonggyu , Qamar Ahmad Yar , Yun Sung Ho , Gu Na-Yeon , Kim Heyyoung , Han Ayeong , Kang Heejae , Park Hye Sun , Kim Seung II , Saadeldin Islam M. , Lee Sanghoon , Cho Jongki
Published: November 2024

Background

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) regulate cell metabolism and various biological processes by delivering specific proteins and nucleic acids to surrounding cells. We aimed to investigate the effects of the cargo contained in EVs derived from adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) on the porcine embryonic development.

Methods

ASCs were isolated from porcine adipose tissue and characterized using ASC-specific markers via flow cytometry. EVs were subsequently extracted from the conditioned media of the established ASCs. These EVs were added to the in vitro culture environment of porcine embryos to observe qualitative improvements in embryonic development. Furthermore, the proteins within the EVs were analyzed to investigate the underlying mechanisms.

Results

We observed a higher blastocyst development rate and increased mitochondrial activity in early stage embryos in the ASC-EVs-supplemented group than in the controls (24.8% ± 0.8% vs. 28.6% ± 1.1%, respectively). The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay of blastocysts also revealed significantly reduced apoptotic cells in the ASC-EVs-supplemented group. Furthermore, through proteomics, we detected the proteins in ASC-EVs and blastocysts from each treatment group. This analysis revealed a higher fraction of proteins in the ASC-EVs-supplemented group than in the controls (1,547 vs. 1,495, respectively). Gene analysis confirmed that ASC-EVs showed a high expression of tyrosine-protein kinase (SRC), whereas ASC-EVs supplemented blastocysts showed a higher expression of Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). SRC is postulated to activate protein kinase B (AKT), which inhibits the forkhead box O signaling pathway and activates CDK1. Subsequently, CDK1 activation influences the cell cycle, thereby affecting in vitro embryonic development.

Conclusion

ASC-EVs promote mitochondrial activity, which is crucial for the early development of blastocysts and vital in the downregulation of apoptosis. Additionally, ASC-EVs supply SRC to porcine blastocysts, thereby elongating the cell cycle.
Mitochondrial DNA in plasma and long-term physical recovery of critically ill patients: an observational study
Authors: Galvis-Pedraza Maryory , Beumeler Lise F. E. , van der Slikke Elisabeth C. , Boerma E. Christiaan , van Zutphen Tim
Published: November 2024

Background

Post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) poses a notable public health concern, with survivors of critical illness experiencing long-term physical, psychological, and cognitive challenges. Mitochondrial dysfunction has gained attention for its potential involvement in PICS. However, the long-term impact of mitochondrial status on patient recovery remains uncertain. A single-centre retrospective analysis was conducted in Leeuwarden, the Netherlands, between May and November 2019, within a mixed ICU survivor cohort. Patients were assessed for mitochondrial markers (mtDNA damage represented by the presence of mtDNA fragmentation and mitochondrial DNA levels evaluated by the ratio of mtDNA and nuclear DNA), clinical factors, and long-term outcomes measured by the physical functioning (PF) domain of health-related quality of life.

Results

A total of 43 patients were included in this study divided into recovery and non-recovery groups based on age-adjusted PF scores at 12 months post-ICU. Nineteen patients scored below these thresholds. No significant differences in mitochondrial markers between groups were identified. Furthermore, no significant correlations were found between mtDNA levels and mtDNA damage at baseline and 12 months with PF scores. However, mtDNA levels decreased over time in the recovery (p-value <  < 0.01) and non-recovery groups (p-value < 0.01).

Conclusion

No significant correlation was found between mitochondrial markers and physical functioning scores. This study underscores the multifactorial nature of PICS and the need for a comprehensive understanding of its metabolic and cellular components. While mitochondrial markers may play a role in PICS, they operate within a framework influenced by various factors. This exploratory study serves as a foundation for future investigations aimed at developing targeted interventions to enhance the quality of life for ICU survivors grappling with PICS.
Stressors and difficulties in early intervention programs in Jordan from the employee’s perspective
Authors: Gharaibeh Mahmoud , Al-Bakkar Al-Muatasem M. , Abdel-Rahman Samer Z. , Almulla Abdullah Ahmed
Published: November 2024

Early childhood is crucial in building and shaping the personalities of children with disabilities, where employees dealing with such children face a lot of challenges. This study aimed to identify problems and challenges faced during early intervention programs in Jordan from employees’ perspectives. We conducted a questionnaire-based study on 350 from a population of 4000 employees working in early intervention programs from Jordan’s North, Central, and South territories. Participants responded to the problem and challenges scale, containing 32 items distributed over five dimensions. The findings of this study showed that employees at special education centers in Jordan who work in early intervention programs said they typically faced moderate issues and difficulties. The most significant issues and difficulties that Jordan’s early intervention programs faced were the absence of interactive cooperation among employees and the flexibility of the programs. Factor analysis of the studied items showed that, apart from the social dimension, the items of all other dimensions of the research instrument were influenced by a diverse set of underlying factors. There were no statistically significant differences in the challenges and problems facing early intervention programs in Jordan due to the employees’ gender, academic qualification, and experience. Finally, this study offered suggestions and recommendations for enhancing early intervention services and programs, putting additional rehabilitation into place, and implementing ongoing training for professionals in this sector.
Development and validation of the prediction score for augmented renal clearance in critically Ill Japanese adults
Authors: Mikami Ryusei , Imai Shungo , Hayakawa Mineji , Kashiwagi Hitoshi , Sato Yuki , Nashimoto Shunsuke , Sugawara Mitsuru , Takekuma Yoh
Published: November 2024

Background

Augmented renal clearance (ARC) decreases the therapeutic concentration of drugs excreted by the kidneys in critically ill patients. Several ARC prediction models have been developed and validated; however, their usefulness in Japan has not been comprehensively investigated. Thus, we developed a unique ARC prediction model for a Japanese mixed intensive care unit (ICU) population and compared it with existing models.

Methods

This retrospective study enrolled a mixed ICU population in Japan from January 2019 and June 2022. The primary outcome was the development and validation of a model to predict ARC onset based on baseline information at ICU admission. Patients admitted until May 2021 were included in the training set, and external validation was performed on patients admitted thereafter. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to develop an integer-based predictive scoring system for ARC. The new model (the JPNARC score) was externally validated along with the ARC and Augmented Renal Clearance in Trauma Intensive Care (ARCTIC) scores.

Results

A total of 2,592 critically ill patients were enrolled initially, with 651 patients finally included after excluding 1,941 patients. The training and validation datasets comprised 456 and 195 patients, respectively. Multivariate analysis was performed to develop the JPNARC score, which incorporated age, sex, serum creatinine, and diagnosis upon ICU admission (trauma or central nervous system disease). The JPNARC score had a larger area under the receiver operating characteristic curve than the ARC and ARCTIC scores in the validation dataset (0.832, 0.633, and 0.740, respectively).

Conclusions

An integer-based scoring system was developed to predict ARC onset in a critically ill Japanese population and showed high predictive performance. New models designed to predict the often-unrecognized ARC phenomenon may aid in the decision-making process for upward drug dosage modifications, especially in resource- and labor-limited settings.
A novel conformable embolic for selective transarterial embolization of acute hemorrhages: a technical note
Authors: Yu Qian , Ahmed Osman , Chen Jiaqi , Islam Yousuf , Funaki Brian , Patel Mikin
Published: November 2024

Background

Obsidio conformable embolic (OCE, Boston Scientific, MA) is a novel, radiopaque and conformable embolic. The purpose of this report is to describe its use for treatment of acute intra-abdominal hemorrhages.

Methods and results

Three patients presented with acute hemorrhage and were treated with OCE, including post-paracentesis hemorrhage, penetrating trauma to the liver, and blunt trauma in the spleen. All cases were performed under moderate sedation, with hemostasis achieved by end of procedure using less than 1 vial of OCE (0.2-0.4 ml). No severe adverse events occurred. None required repeated treatment.

Short conclusion

OCE is a safe and effective embolic agent for treatment of intra-abdominal or visceral hemorrhage. Future studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up are warranted.
Nanoparticle ultrasonication: a promising approach for reducing bacterial biofilm in total joint infection—an in vivo rat model investigation
Authors: Ashkenazi Itay , Longwell Mark , Byers Barbara , Kreft Rachael , Ramot Roi , Haider Muhammad A. , Ramot Yair , Schwarzkopf Ran
Published: November 2024

Background

While the benefits of sonication for improving periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) are well-documented, its potential therapeutic effect against bacterial biofilm remains unstudied. This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of a novel nanoparticle ultrasonication process on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacterial biofilm formation in a PJI rat model.

Methods

This novel ultrasonication process was designed to remove attached bacterial biofilm from implant and peri-articular tissues, without damaging native tissues or compromising implant integrity. Twenty-five adult Sprague–Dawley rats underwent a surgical procedure and were colonized with intra-articular MRSA, followed by the insertion of a titanium screw. Three weeks after the index surgery, the animals received a second procedure during which the screws were explanted, and soft tissue was sampled. The intraoperative use of the nanoparticle sonication treatment was employed to assess the device’s safety, while ex vivo treatment on the retrieved tissue and implants was used to evaluate its efficacy.

Results

Clinical and histological assessments did not indicate any macro- or micro-damage to the host tissue. Sonication of the retrieved tissues demonstrated an average bacterial removal of 2 × 103 CFU/mL and 1 × 104 CFU/gram of tissue. Compared to the standard-of-care group (n = 10), implants treated with sonication (n = 15) had significantly lower remaining bacteria, as indicated by crystal violet absorbance measurements (P = 0.012).

Conclusions

This study suggests that nanoparticle sonication technology can successfully remove attached bacterial biofilms from explanted orthopedic hardware and the joint capsule, without negatively affecting native tissue. The study provides initial results supporting the potential of nanoparticle sonication as an adjuvant treatment option during a DAIR (debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention) procedure for PJI, paving the way for future clinical trials.
Conformational and processing properties of a high-active ingredient involving soy protein isolates bound with anthocyanins and its application in cake baking
Authors: Wu Han , Li Bin , Corradini Maria , Zhong Liang , Zhou Jianzhong , Liu Xiaoli
Published: November 2024

Soybean protein is of plant origin and is commonly appropriate for improving the processing characteristics of foods. This study aimed to explore a novel functional ingredient that contained soybean protein isolate (SPI) and blueberry anthocyanins (BANs). The spatial conformation and secondary structure of SPI-BANs complexes were analyzed using circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy, the processing properties were investigated as well as the retention of antioxidant activity during thermal treatments. Results showed that the contents of free sulfhydryl and free amino groups in complexes increased to 3.50 and 1.19 folds than those of SPI, respectively, while the surface hydrophobicity decreased by 74.23%. Compared with SPI, the BANs-modified SPI had a smaller particle size of 29.12 nm and a lower zeta-potential of -8.73 mV and on the other hand, the complexes possessed higher solubility (83.08%) and foaming and emulsifying properties (115.08% and 54.03 m2/g). After fortification with SPI-BANs, the baking loss rate and adhesiveness of chiffon cake were reduced by 10.82% and improved to 0.24 N.mm, respectively. The high antioxidant activities of SPI-BANs under heat led to the cake’s bioactivities largely enhanced by 1.99 ~ 12.71 folds, being 345.19 µg Trolox/g for the DPPH radical scavenging activity. This study developed the functional food ingredients as antioxidants and a substitute for animal-based proteins in bakery products, which was safe and sustainable by using the dietary components from plant resources.

Graphical Abstract
The aerodynamic assessment and shotpoint position accuracy of an unmanned aerial vehicle seismic source
Authors: Ma Zhenning , Qian Rongyi , Zhao Yu , Huang Yinhu , Wu Zhiyong , Zhang Jun , Liu Xu
Published: November 2024

An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) seismic source, suitable for complex terrains due to its eco-friendly, cost-effective, and efficient nature, operates by hovering and releasing impact objects to generate seismic waves. The aerodynamic behavior of these impact objects is vital for shotpoint position accuracy and drag magnitude. Excessive drag will result in the loss of seismic source energy, whereas the deviations of shotpoint position will disrupt the geometric structure of the observation system, significantly impacting the quality of seismic data acquisition. Through theoretical calculations, the influencing factors of air resistance and cross-wind deflection are analyzed. Air resistance increases with the increase in mass, cross-sectional area, speed, and drag coefficient. Increasing the mass and throwing height can increase the upper limit of the output, but after the air resistance and gravity are balanced, the output kinetic energy of the drone’s seismic source will no longer increase when the throwing height is increased. Using computational fluid dynamics simulations and field tests, this study examines the aerodynamics of four prevalent impact object designs. The results show that shuttle and spherical structures have the least drag during descent and are less influenced by crosswinds, thus being optimal for this application. Field measurement data are also presented for reference.
Induced polarization of clay-rich materials — Part 4: Water content and temperature effects in bentonites
Authors: El Alam J. , Revil A. , Dick P.
Published: November 2024

Deep geological disposals (DGDs) are widely seen to be the best solution to contain high-level radioactive wastes safely. Compacted bentonite and bentonite-sand mixtures are considered the most appropriate buffers or sealing materials for access drifts, ramps, and shafts due to their favorable physicochemical and hydromechanical properties. Bentonite-sand mixtures are expected to swell and seal all voids when in contact with water, forming an impermeable barrier to radioactive elements. The parameters that will most affect the hydraulic performance of these seals are their water content, dry density, water salinity, and temperature. Monitoring and assessing these parameters are, therefore, crucial to confirm that the seals’ safety functions are fulfilled during the life of a DGD. Induced polarization (IP) is a nonintrusive geophysical method able to perform this task. However, the underlying physics of bentonite-sand mixtures has not been checked. The complex conductivity spectra of 42 compacted bentonite-sand mixtures are measured in the frequency range of 1 Hz–45 kHz in order to develop workable relationships between in-phase and quadrature conductivities versus water content and saturation, pore water conductivity, bentonite-sand ratio (10% to 100%), temperature (10°C–60°C), and dry density (0.97 to 1.64 [Formula: see text]). We observe that conductivity is mostly dominated by surface conductivity associated with the Stern layer coating the surface of smectite, the main component of bentonite. At a given salinity and temperature, the in-phase and quadrature conductivities obey power law relationships with water content and saturation. The in-phase and quadrature conductivities depend on temperature according to a classical linear relationship with the same temperature coefficient. A Stern layer-based model is used to explain the dependence of the complex conductivity with water content, dry density, water salinity, and temperature. It could be used to interpret IP field data to monitor the efficiency of the seal of DGD facilities.
Distance and quadrant trace method for quantitative seismic interpretation: Theory and application to a synthetic amplitude variation with offset data catalog
Authors: Bedle Heather , Neff Dennis B. , Neff Warren , Lubo-Robles David
Published: November 2024

The distance and quadrant (DQ) trace is a novel seismic attribute that enhances the detection and visualization of hydrocarbons in seismic data. Generated through a combination of partial near- and far-stack traces convolved with phase shift filters, the DQ trace offers several advantages over traditional amplitude variation with offset (AVO) attributes and inversion methods. We develop the DQ trace generation process, which involves quadrant optimization and the application of a modified AVO two-layer model equation. The method is computationally efficient and does not require a priori knowledge of petrophysics, basin geology, or wavelets. Concurrent phase angle analysis is used to compare DQ traces with porosity logs, demonstrating a strong correlation between the two. Synthetic models for different AVO classes are used to evaluate the performance of DQ traces in cross-section displays. The results indicate that DQ traces provide enhanced clarity and delineation of gas sands, wet sands, and thin beds as well as improved visualization of tuning effects and fluid contacts compared with conventional seismic displays. DQ histogram analysis reveals systematic trends across AVO classes and allows for the separation of gas sands, wet sands, and shales. The DQ trace is a robust tool for porosity estimation and has potential applications in various seismic processes and basin-scale mapping. In addition, we highlight the implications of the DQ trace for fluid detection and seismic interpretation, offering a new methodology for subsurface reservoir characterization.
On gravity implication in the wave function collapse
Authors: Belhaj A. , Ennadifi S. E.
Published: November 2024

Inspired by an ontic view of the wave function in quantum mechanics and motivated by the universal interaction of gravity, we discuss a possible gravity implication in the state collapse mechanism. Concretely, we investigate the stability of the spatial superposition of a massive quantum state under the gravity effect. In this context, we argue that the stability of the spatially superposed state

, depends on its gravitational self-energy

originating from the effective mass density distribution

through the spatially localized eigenstates

. We reveal that the gravitational self-interaction between the different spacetime curvatures

created by the eigenstate effective masses

leads to the reduction of the superposed state to one of the possible localized states

. Among others, we discuss such a gravity-driven state reduction. Then, we approach the corresponding collapse time

and the induced effective electric current

in the case of a charged state, as well as the possible detection aspects.
Sustained Reduction of Subclinical Inflammation in the Years After Breastfeeding
Authors: Boelling Miya , Pu Jiajie , Hanley Anthony J , Connelly Philip W , Sermer Mathew , Zinman Bernard , Retnakaran Ravi
Published: November 2024

Context

Lactation is associated with lower future risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women but the mechanism(s) underlying this relationship remain unclear.

Objective

We sought to characterize the relationship between duration of exclusive breastfeeding and CV risk factors over the first 5 years post partum.

Methods

In this prospective cohort study, 328 women underwent serial cardiometabolic characterization (anthropometry, blood pressure [BP], lipids, fasting glucose, adiponectin, C-reactive protein [CRP]) at 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years post partum. Outcomes were CV risk factors in 3 groups defined by duration of exclusive breastfeeding: less than 3 months (n = 107), 3 to 6 months (n = 101), and 6 months or more (n = 120).

Results

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome did not differ between the groups at 3 years but, by 5 years post partum, was higher in women who had exclusively breastfed for less than 3 months than in those who did so for 3 to 6 and 6 months or more, respectively (14.0% vs 6.9% vs 4.2%; P = .02). However, after adjustment for covariates (including body mass index [BMI]), there were no statistically significant differences between groups in BP, glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, or adiponectin. Indeed, the only CV risk factor difference that persisted after covariate adjustment was that women who had exclusively breastfed for less than 3 months had higher CRP both at 3 years (P = .04) and 5 years (P = .01). Moreover, generalized estimating equation analyses with adjustment for covariates (including time-dependent BMI) showed that CRP remained higher over time in these women, as compared to their peers, from 1 year to 3 years to 5 years post partum (P = .03).

Conclusion

Sustained reduction of subclinical inflammation may contribute to the cardioprotective effect of lactation in women.