bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Workshop Upgrading Kemampuan Mengajar Guru Bahasa Asing SMA/SMK/MA Se-Kabupaten Sampang: Sebuah Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pendidikan
Authors: Sari Yohana Ika Harnita , Soelistiyowati Endang , Nuraniwati Tri , Tyas Agnes Siwi Purwaning , Vardhani Nabilla Kusuma , Setyaningsih Wahyu Handayani , Dwiwardani Wury , Hasanah Ummul , Pambudi Arismoyo Damar
Published: March 2022

Penguasaan bahasa asing merupakan salah satu kunci dalam memenangkan persaingan di era globalisasi ini. Oleh karenanya, pembelajaran bahasa asing khususnya di tingkat pendidikan menengah/kejuruan perlu diupayakan agar memiliki kondisi yang ideal agar outcome pembelajaran dapat tercapai sehingga lulusannya lebih berdaya saing. Dalam kenyataannya, di banyak daerah di Indonesia belum memiliki kondisi yang ideal untuk pembelajaran bahasa, tidak terkecuali di Kabupaten Sampang, Jawa Timur yang indeks pendidikannya masih rendah. Kompetensi pedagogis, mindset, dan motivasi pengajar menjadi hal yang krusial dalam penentuan keberhasilan pembelajaran bahasa di daerah tersebut. Oleh karenanya, pelatihan untuk peningkatan kemampuan mengajar guru bahasa asing menjadi jalan keluar yang tepat untuk meminimalisir dampak negatif dari kurangnya penguasaan kompetensi guru secara pedagogis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk  mendeskripsikan tahapan R&D dari kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat yang berjudul “Workshop Upgrading Kemampuan Mengajar Guru Bahasa Asing (Bahasa Inggris dan Lainnya) SMA/SMK/MA Se-Kabupaten Sampang” yang diselenggarakan pada tanggal 17-19 September 2019. Secara umum, tahapan R&D yang dilaksanakan selama bulan Mei-Oktober 2019 tersebut diadaptasi dari siklus R&D yang dikembangkan oleh Borg & Gall (2003), yaitu (1) pengumpulan informasi dan penelitian, (2) perencanaan, (3) mengembangkan produk,  (4) diseminasi 1 dan implementasi , (5) evaluasi, dan (6) diseminasi 2.
Potensi Sumber Air Tanah Menggunakan Geolistrik Sebagai Solusi Penanganan Kekeringan Di Desa Hargorejo Kecamatan Kokap Kabupaten Kulon Progo Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: Latif Devi Oktaviana , Utomo Heru Budi , Prawoto Hotma , Nuranto Sindu , Suwardo Suwardo , Haryanto Iman , Kurniawan Agus , Himawan Lava , Hazhiyah Amalia Ula
Published: March 2022

Kekeringan dan banjir merupakan dua kejadian alam yang mengancam negara-negara yang beriklim tropis seperti indonesia. Kabupaten Kulonprogo merupakan salah satu kabupaten di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta yang berpotensi terhadap kekeringan. Kabupaten Kulonprogo mempunyai topografi yang bervariasi dari dataran hingga pegunungan sehingga potensi akan bencana kekeringannya tinggi. Data kekeringan pada tahun 2015 oleh Kepala Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (BPBD) Kulon Progo mengatakan kekeringan di wilayahnya semakin meluas dengan merujuk data BPBD Kulon Progo, terdapat 200 titik kekeringan. Titik ini tersebar di 6 kecamatan, yakni Kecamatan Kokap, Girimulyo, Kalibawang, Samigaluh dan sebagian Pengasih dan Sentolo, lalu di Panjatan dan Lendah. Sementara pada bulan November 2018 informasi Kemarau panjang terjadi Desa Hargorejo, Kokap. Warga yang tinggal di perbukitan ini terpaksa menempuh ratusan meter demi memperoleh air bersih dari sumur-sumur yang belum kering. Dari data 2015 – 2018 menunjukkan penanganan, pencegahan dan penanggulangan kekeringan di desa Hargorejo berlangsung sangat lamban sehingga menjadi masalah berkepanjangan yang tidak terselesaikan dan terus berulang.Penyelesaian permasalahan dalam kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini difokuskan pada mencari dan memetakan potensi atau sumber air menggunakan alat geolistrik yang terdapat di dusun sangkrek Desa Hargorejo, serta memberikan solusi alternatif membuat sumur bor yang akan mengisi zona aquifer.
Application of Vermicompost with Different Feeding Material for Inducing Rice Plant Resistance against Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål.) Attack
Authors: Hastuti Dewi , Ningsih Eltis Panca , Ritawati Sri , Khastini Rida Oktorida
Published: March 2022

Brown planthopper (BPH) is a major pest in rice plants and has become a global pest. This pest causes hopperburn in rice plants. This research aimed to know the effect of vermicompost from different feeding materials on rice plant damage by brown planthopper attack. This research was carried out in November 2019–March 2020 at the Sistandu integrated farming system, Serang City, Banten. The experiment method used in this research was a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of two factors with three replications. The first factor was vermicompost (P) 5 levels, while the second factor was rice varieties (V) with two groups so that there were ten treatments. Data were analyzed with ANOVA, then followed by 5% DMRT. The results showed that the application of vermicompost with different feeding materials gave non-significant results to the growth of rice plants in the vegetative phase and fecundity of the BPH. However, it significantly affected the intensity of rice plant damage in the generative phase, the offspring population of BPH, and the BPH feeding rate. While the use of two varieties of rice does not have a distinct effect on all parameters. There is no interaction effect between two factors, both vermicompost feeding material treatment and rice plant variety, to all the parameters that have been studied.
ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ И ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА микроLED-ДИСПЛЕЕВ
Authors: Иванов В.
Published: March 2022

Рассмотрен ряд технологических разработок для производства микроLED-дисплеев. Ожидается, что полноценная коммерциализация микроLED-дисплеев может стать реальностью в ближайшие годы.
СТОЛБИКОВЫЕ ВЫВОДЫ АО «ЗПП» ДЛЯ МАТРИЧНЫХ КОРПУСОВ – ЕЩЕ ОДИН ШАГ К ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ НЕЗАВИСИМОСТИ
Authors: Нагаев Н. , Шугаепов Ш. , Ермолаев Е. , Егошин В.
Published: March 2022

Рассмотрены характеристики, а также особенности технологии монтажа столбиковых выводов, поставляемых АО «Завод полупроводниковых приборов» (АО «ЗПП»). Отмечено, что этот незначительный на первый взгляд элемент конструкции микросхемы способен обеспечить новые горизонты для развития РЭА.
La precariedad salarial en la industria automotriz en México. Brechas pendientes ante la nueva gobernanza laboral del T-MEC
Authors: García Humberto , Carrillo Jorge , Bensusán Graciela
Published: March 2022

Ante la posibilidad de que una empresa automotriz instalada en México pueda ser acusada de dumping social si no respeta las reglas del T-MEC y las normas internas en materia de libertad sindical y negociación, que exigen la representatividad de los sindicatos y el apoyo de los trabajadores a la contratación colectiva, podría esperarse que las negociaciones futuras establezcan criterios explícitos encaminados a la recuperación salarial. En este contexto es importante considerar en qué monto deben elevarse los salarios para dejar de ser precarios en la industria automotriz. Dada la heterogeneidad salarial existente entre las diferentes empresas, derivada de las características regionales y diferentes niveles tecnológicos y segmentos de producto, este artículo se pregunta qué tan generalizada o específica debe ser la determinación salarial en las futuras negociaciones sindicales. Para dar una respuesta, este artículo compara los salarios dignos calculados para empresas localizadas en diferentes regiones, con distinto país de origen, antigüedad, segmento de mercado y volumen de producción. A partir de este ejercicio, se identifican las brechas salariales que pueden servir de referencia en las negociaciones bajo la nueva normativa laboral del T-MEC. El artículo realiza una adaptación ad hoc de la metodología de salario digno de Anker y Anker (2017) en plantas de Aguascalientes (Nissan i y ii), Hermosillo (Ford), Puebla (vw), San Luis Potosí (General Motors) y Toluca (Chrysler-Fiat), calculados para 2017 y 2019.
Change in Trend of Women Patronizing Bar/Pub in Mumbai
Authors: Ghadiyali Amit P. , Dalvi Suchita D.
Published: March 2022

Abstract: This research paper reviews the acceptance of Women visiting Pubs and is based on a dramatic change in women consuming alcohol socially as a whole. The aim of this study is to find out what factors affect the women regarding their changed attitude towards consuming alcohol socially from the 80's to the present, i.e. in the 3rd decade of new millennia and to understand the possible reasons behind it. This paper also attempts to understand in stages how people in the society have changed their views on women consuming alcohol socially. From the questionnaire and subsequent interviews it was found that there is an increased acceptance amongst middle & upper classes in Mumbai with regards to women visiting the Pubs/Bar. Few responses also hint that the Alcoholic Beverage consumption amongst women was always a part of social life but in the closed doors during family get-togethers and even the heterosocial man of today has accepted and is fine with his spouse or adult daughter consuming alcohol within limit. Keywords: Girls’ Night Out, Alcohol, Women, Socially, Drinking, Consumption, Beverage, Men, Society, Pubs and Bar, Mumbai.
Survey: Shielded Identity Based Data and Contour Sharing for Mobile Healthcare Through Cloud Computing
Authors: Kumar Narotam , Bhuvana J Prof Dr
Published: March 2022

Abstract: Cloud computing is an emerging new technology that can be integrated with healthcare monitoring system. The current survey of all healthcare organizations shows that it needs the assist of cloud computing to store the patients PHI and to get help in emergency condition using cloud-based virtual server. For an effective monitoring system cloud uses BSN to monitor the patient health conditions. Here the cloud acts as a virtual server and stores the patient information in third party server which causes serious threats to security and privacy. The healthcare center contains various approaches which have been used to monitor the healthcare information based on cloud environment. The objective of this study is to discuss about various techniques and taxonomy about the current methods of cloud computing used in hospital healthcare monitoring system. Moreover, the strengths and weaknesses of the healthcare monitoring system approaches are also discussed. The paper will also provide insight into data security policies that may authorize certain administrators to have read-only capabilities for all device parameters and read / write specific set of commands. Each administrator may have a different access profile introduction.
Gait Movement Analysis Using Polynomial Regression
Authors: Agrawal Suraj , Yadala Rahul , Goyal Piyush , Bharti Dr. Jyoti
Published: March 2022

Abstract: Human gait recognition is a 2nd Generation Biometrics which focuses on distance and is unobtrusive. Human gait recognition is identification of a person based on their walking style. It is a Human Cooperation free biometric system. Many studies related to gait include subjects walking well below or above comfortable (free) speed. For this reason, a descriptive study examining the effect of walking speed on gait was conducted. The purpose of the study was to create a single-source, readily accessible repository of comprehensive gait data for a large group of children walking at a wide variety of speeds. Regression analysis is a set of statistical processes for estimating the relationships between a dependent variable (often called the 'outcome variable') and one or more independent variables (often called 'predictors', 'covariates', or 'features'). A Complete gait cycle is obtained when all the values are present from 0 to 100% completely. If there are any missing values in the gait cycle it is referred to as incomplete gait cycle. The prediction of the person speed or recognizing the person based on incomplete values becomes a complex task .So in order to predict or estimate the missing speed value we use the Polynomial regression technique. To predict the missing value we created Polynomial regression models. Thus, we try to compare these models with the Linear Regression models. Keywords: Gait, Biometrics, Regression Analysis, Gait Cycle, Polynomial Regression
Performance Point Determination Criteria of Multi-Storeyed Building with Highest Importance Factor
Authors: Piplodiya Mr. Uditnarayane , Vishwakarma Mr. Arvind
Published: March 2022

Abstract: Every construction needs various parameters to model it and the most important thing need to assign is how much safe it is under different loading conditions. Due to increase in population, construction in India plays a very important role under the guidance umbrella of Indian Standards with the major safety for human beings. The structure should be strong enough that each element should be economic and strong. To check the structure with more live load present in it, highest importance factor should be selected for the same. In this project a G+18 Storey structure has analysed using shear walls at corners and total seven structural models have been created abbreviated as OSWA1 to OSWA7. Case OSWA5 fails in structural components, hence after modifications Case OSWA5a created. The project concluded that the performance point obtained is 35% with OSWA6 and obtained as efficient Case and will be recommended to reduce the overall cost of the project with highest importance factor taken as 1.5 as per Indian Standards. Keywords: Shear Wall, Opening Area, Axial forces, Durability, Highest Importance factor, Maximum Live load
An Overview of Wireless Power Transmission System and Analysis of Different Methods
Authors: Manohar B.S.P.S. , Gandham Veera Venkata Sai Kumar , Dhal P. K.
Published: March 2022

Abstract: The overall concept of wireless power transmission and its strategy for finding an efficient means to distribute power without stringing wires that could wirelessly transport electricity are demonstrated in this paper. This study examines the latest trends and technological advancements in the field of wireless power transfer. Wireless power transfer has become commonplace in future societies with advanced technology. Keywords: latest trends, technological advancements, wireless power transmission, stringing wires, ubiquitous
MUDANÇAS METODOLÓGICAS E NUMÉRICAS NOS ESTABELECIMENTOS FAMILIARES NO CENSO AGROPECUÁRIO 2017 – BRASIL E PARANÁ
Authors: Bianchini Valter , Bazotti Angelita
Published: March 2022

O texto analisa os dados dos censos agropecuários 2006 e 2017 para discutir a diminuição numérica dos estabelecimentos agropecuários da agricultura familiar nesse período no estado do Paraná. O texto traz a quantidade de estabelecimentos por tamanho de área e levanta a discussão sobre o fato de que esses estabelecimentos não desapareceram como apontam os números, mas, sim, que foram reclassificados de forma equivocada. Discute-se a reclassificação dos estabelecimentos devido às alterações metodológicas no Censo 2017 e elencam-se quatro motivos que indicam que o Paraná não perdeu 74.109 estabelecimentos familiares no período 2006/2017. A grande maioria desses estabelecimentos ou não foram levantados ou foram reclassificados por critérios não adequados, podendo esse resultado ainda ter ocorrido por alterações metodológicas entre os dois Censos.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO SOCIOPRODUTIVA DE MULHERES RURAIS NO NOROESTE DO RS
Authors: Spanevello Rosani Marisa , Bueno Camara Simone , Marques de Almeida Denise , Boscardin Mariele
Published: March 2022

O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em analisar a situação socioprodutiva de mulheres rurais pertencentes à agricultura familiar e não familiar a partir do Censo Agropecuário de 2017. A região de estudo refere-se ao Noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul, composta por 216 municípios. As variáveis analisadas (faixa etária, escolaridade, forma de obtenção de terras e cultivos temporários e permanentes) foram manipuladas em planilhas do Microsoft Excel, para posterior análise. Com relação aos resultados visualiza-se que o maior extrato de mulheres pertence à agricultura familiar, onde é encontrado maior número de estabelecimentos. No que diz respeito à escolaridade, o percentual maior de mulheres que nunca frequentou escolas encontra-se entre as familiares, já a maior parcela com ensino superior são entre as não familiares. Quanto à idade, a maior concentração de mulheres pertencentes a agricultura familiar estão na faixa etária dos 55 anos ou mais, enquanto as faixas mais jovens (com 45 ou menos anos) estão entre as não familiares. No que se refere as características das propriedades as mulheres familiares estão concentradas em propriedades entre 10 – 50 hectares, já as não familiares entre 100 – 200 hectares. Por fim, no referente à forma de obtenção de terras por parte das mulheres, os dois segmentos registram ser através da herança ou doação. Outra semelhança são as atividades econômicas desenvolvidas pelas mulheres nas propriedades com destaque para o cultivo de grãos (soja), bovinos e outros animais.
AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR, RESILIÊNCIA E COVID-19: ANÁLISE SWOT NOS ESTADOS DE SÃO PAULO E MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Pulcherio Filho Paulo Henrique , Tronco Isadora de Andrade , Tronco Vitória de Andrade , Montebello Adriana Estela Sanjuan
Published: March 2022

A pandemia de Covid-19 afetou negativamente o acesso aos mercados pela agricultura familiar. Compreender a resiliência é necessário, pois refere-se à capacidade de adaptação dos atores para minimizar os impactos das crises, assim como entender o perfil dos atores, identificando suas capacidades e limitações e observando a resiliência diante de atuais e futuras crises. Assim, o objetivo geral do presente artigo é analisar a resiliência e os impactos da pandemia de Covid-19 na agricultura familiar dos estados de São Paulo (SP) e Minas Gerais (MG). Para o primeiro objetivo específico, verificaram-se os efeitos da pandemia e a resiliência em variáveis como saúde, renda, comercialização, tipos de produção e preço de venda e de insumos. Quanto ao segundo, esquematizou-se o perfil da agricultura familiar a partir da análise SWOT. Metodologicamente, tem-se uma pesquisa exploratória descritiva, quantitativa e qualitativa, utilizando dados secundários de notas técnicas e relatórios para a construção dos resultados. A comercialização foi muito afetada em MG. Em SP, observou-se alteração na renda devido ao aumento nos preços dos insumos. A partir da análise SWOT, identificou-se o perfil desse grupo, o que possibilitará a formulação de estratégias para o aumento da resiliência frente às crises.
SISTEMAS DE CRIAÇÃO NA BOVINOCULTURA LEITEIRA E REPRODUÇÃO SOCIAL DE AGRICULTORES NO MÉDIO ALTO URUGUAI/RS
Authors: Trentin Piovesan Regis , Jesus Prestes de Lima Arlindo , Da Silva Pettenon Caroline , Trentin Piovesan Mairo
Published: March 2022

Este estudo analisa a eficácia de sistemas de criação na bovinocultura leiteira em relação a reprodução social de agricultores familiares, no Médio Alto Uruguai/RS. Os dados foram obtidos junto ao Programa de Gestão Rural da ASCAR/EMATER-RS, correspondentes ao ano agrícola de 2019/2020. Foram analisados comparativamente três casos típicos de sistemas de criação, considerando preços diferenciados por litro de leite e preço único. Os resultados confirmam que a produção leiteira tem maior participação na composição da renda global das unidades de produção e indicadores econômicos por unidade de superfície relativamente maiores. Os rendimentos físicos do sistema confinado são relativamente maiores, especialmente em termos de litros por vaca em lactação e por unidade de superfície, seguido pelos sistemas semiconfinado e à base de pastagem. Com preços diferenciados, o sistema de criação confinada gera resultados econômicos por unidade de superfície relativamente maiores, devido ao maior preço do leite estabelecido pelas agroindústrias, basicamente em função da quantidade comercializada. No cenário de preço único, o sistema de criação à base de pastagem, com menores rendimentos físico e custo de produção, gera maior nível de renda por unidade de área. Conclui-se que o sistema de criação à base de pastagem é potencialmente mais eficaz porque assegura a reprodução socioeconômica de agricultores familiares, com menor escala de produção, quando preço do leite é único. Também reafirma a tese de que a eficácia dos sistemas de criação na bovinocultura leiteira depende mais da relação custo-benefício e menos da maximização da produção, a qualquer custo.
İliotibial Bant Gerginliği Olan Sporcularda Ober Eğim Açısının Basınç Ağrı Eşiği ve Kalça Abdüktör Kas Kuvvetiyle İlişkisi
Authors: ÜNÜVAR Bayram Sönmez , DEMİRDEL Ertuğrul
Published: March 2022

Amaç: Diz ekleminin stabilizasyonundaki görevlerinden dolayı ve dizin tekrarlı fleksiyon-ekstansiyon hareketleriyle birlikte İliotibial Bant (İTB) üzerindeki gerginlik artar. Diz ve kalça eklemi ile bağlantısı olan İTB'de oluşacak gerginlik sporcunun performansında ve sporcu yaralanmalarında kritik öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışma İTB gerginliği olan sporcularda Ober eğim açısı (OEA) ile basınç ağrı eşiği (BAE) ve kalça abdüktör kas kuvveti arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmak amacıyla planlandı.Materyal-Metot: Çalışmaya İTB gerginliği olan 18-25 yaşları arasında 45 erkek sporcu (yaş: 19,53±1,58 yıl, vücut kütle indeksi: 22,08±1,87 kg/m2) dahil edildi. İliotibial bant gerginliğinin belirlenmesinde Ober Testi kullanıldı. Ober eğim açısı bubble inklinometre ile, BAE dijital algometre ile ve kalça abdüktör kas kuvveti izokinetik dinamometre ile değerlendirildi. Bağımsız grupların karşılaştırılmasında Student T-Testi kullanıldı. Ober eğim açısı, BAE ve kalça abdüktör kas kuvveti arasındaki ilişki Pearson korelasyon testi ile analiz edildi.Bulgular: İliotibial bant gerginliği olan sporcularda OEA ile BAE arasında pozitif yönde güçlü derece (p<0,001; rho: 0,774); kalça abdüktör kasları tepe tork değeri arasında ise pozitif yönde orta derece ilişki (p<0,001; rho: 0,492) olduğu belirlendi.Sonuç: İliotibial bant gerginliği olan sporcularda OEA’nın BAE seviyesi ve kalça abdüktör kas kuvvetiyle arasında ilişki olduğu görüldü. Ober eğim açısı azaldıkça kalça abdüksiyon kuvveti ve BAE seviyesi azalmaktadır. İliotibial bant gerginliği olan bireylerde kalça abdüktörlerinin kuvvetlendirilmesi ve İTB germe egzersizleri, ağrı eşik seviyesinde, eklem hareket açıklığında ve kalça kas kuvvetinde iyileşmeye katkı sağlayabilir.
Modern Humanitarianism and Societal Security in African Countries
Authors: Ivleva Marina  L. , Glaser Marina  A. , Mbina Jude  Chaleureux
Published: March 2022

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The Birth of Christianity from the Spirit of the Roman Empire. A Paradoxical View of the Religious Development of Europe in the Works of F.F. Zelinski
Authors: Evlampiev Igor I.
Published: March 2022

The article analyzes the original concept of the development of ancient religions and the emergence of Christianity set out in the six-volume work of F.F. Zelinski History of Ancient Religions. Zelnski refutes the well-established idea of the origin of Christianity from Judaism and proves that it was based on the Hellenistic-Roman religion of the early Roman Empire. In this religion, a idea of monotheistic and pantheistic God was formed, which is the basis of all world processes and human actions, at the same time the idea arose of the possibility of a "particle" of God entering a separate human personality (the personality of the emperor). According to Zelinski, it was these ideas that became the basis of Christianity, which radically rethought them, but nevertheless left them close to the beliefs of the majority of the citizens of the Roman Empire; that is why early Christianity quickly spread throughout the empire. The article suggests that Zelinski's flight from Bolshevik Russia in the 1920s and his life in the Polish Catholic environment led to the fact that he refused to develop his ideas to their natural outcome, which could conflict with Catholic teaching. The article reconstructs the result that Zelnski should have come to with the consistent implementation of his ideas: he would have to admit that the teachings of Jesus Christ and early Christianity which arose from the Roman religion and not from Judaism coincides with that religious tradition which the Catholic Church has persecuted in a story called the Gnostic heresy.
The Impact of Using Instagram and Whatsapp Social Media on the Intensity of Learning Arabic Language/ تأثير استخدام وسائل التواصل الإجتماعي إنستغرام و واتساب على حافز تعلم اللغة العربية
Authors: Amirullah Nur Ikhsan
Published: March 2022

The objectives of the study in this topic is to find out the motivation of students’ learning of the Arabic language in the experimental study and the control study and to find out the effect of using social media Instagram as a learning media on motivating students in the eighth-graders in Islamic Junior High School 6 Sragen to learn Arabic. This study is an experimental study method quantitative method. The method of data collection used is questionnaires. The media used is Instagram. The method of analysis used is paired sample T-test and independent sample T-test. The use of the Instagram learning media has a positive effect on stimulating learning, and this is required by the presence of the change in the paired sample T-test, and the significance score was less than 0,05 (P = 0,001 < 0,05). Then there are significant differences in the scores of the experimental class and the control class students. It can be demonstrated by the independent T-test result (post-test) that the calculated T value (2,539 > 1,999) and the significance score is less than 0,05 (P = 0,000 < 0,05).
Empirical and Philosophical Problems with the Subspecies Rank
Authors: Burbrink Frank , Crother Brian , Smith Brian , Murray Christopher , Ruane Sara , Myers Edward , Pyron Robert
Published: March 2022

Species-level taxonomy is derived from methodological sources (data and
techniques) that assess the existence of spatio-temporal evolutionary
lineages via various species concepts. These concepts determine if
observed lineages are independent given a particular methodology
supposedly connected to ontology, which relates the metaphysical concept
to what “kind” of thing a species is. Often, species concepts fail to
link methodology and practice back to ontology. This lack of coherence
is in part responsible for the persistence of the rank of subspecies,
which in modern usage often functions as a placeholder between the
evolutionary events of divergence or collapse. Thus, prospective events
like lineage merger or collapse determine if a subspecies is subsumed
into an existing species, or achieves species rank given unknowable
future information. This is conditioned on evidence that the lineage
already has a detectably distinct evolutionary history. Ranking these
lineages as subspecies seems attractive given the observation that many
lineages do not exhibit intrinsic reproductive isolation. We argue that
the use of subspecies is indefensible on philosophical and empirical
grounds. Ontologically, the rank of subspecies is either identical to
that of species or undefined in the context of evolutionary lineages
representing spatio-temporally defined individuals. Some species
concepts more inclined to consider subspecies, like the Biological
Species Concept, are disconnected from ontology and do not consider
genealogical history. Even if ontology is ignored, methods addressing
reproductive isolation are often indirect and fail to capture the range
of scenarios linking gene flow to species identity over space and time.
The use of subspecies and reliance on reproductive isolation as a basis
for an operational species concept can also conflict with ethical issues
governing the protection of species. We provide a way forward for
recognizing and naming species that links theoretical and operational
species concepts regardless of the magnitude of reproductive isolation.
La interacción de la estructura física y la carga de nutrientes impulsa el cambio de ecosistema en un gran lago tropical durante 40 años
Authors: Fadum Jemma , Hall Ed K
Published: March 2022

Muchos lagos alrededor del mundo están entrado en nuevos estados y
experimentando alteraciones en el ciclo biogeoquímico debido a factores
de estrés antropogénicos locales. En los trópicos, puede ser difícil
comprender los factores que impulsan estos cambios debido a la falta de
condiciones históricas documentadas o a la ausencia de un monitoreo
continuo que pueda distinguir entre la variación intra e inter-anual. En
los últimos cuarenta años (1980-2020), el Lago de Yojoa (Honduras) ha
experimentado un mayor desarrollo de la cuenca hidrográfica, así como la
introducción de una gran cantidad de granjas de tilapia en jaulas, esto
ha provocado una drástica reducción de la claridad estacional del agua,
un aumento del estado trófico y una alteración de la dinámica de los
nutrientes, lo que ha hecho que el Lago de Yojoa pase de ser un
ecosistema oligotrófico (de baja productividad) a uno mesotrófico (de
productividad moderada). Para evaluar los cambios que se han producido
en el Lago de Yojoa, así como los posibles impulsores de estos, se
comparó la profundidad Secchi (claridad del agua), el nitrógeno
inorgánico disuelto (DIN) y las concentraciones de fósforo total (TP).
Esto se hizo con intervalos semi mensuales continuos para los tres años
entre 1979-1983 y de nuevo a intervalos continuos de 16 días para
2018-2020. Entre esos dos periodos se observó la pérdida de una fase de
agua clara que antes se producía en los meses en los que la columna de
agua estaba totalmente mezclada. Los picos estacionales de DIN coinciden
con la mezcla, lo que sugiere una mayor acumulación de amonio en el
hipolimnion (la capa inferior de un lago estratificado) durante la
estratificación, y la liberación al epilimnion (la capa superior de un
lago estratificado) con la mezcla se mantiene una alta abundancia de
algas y, posteriormente, una baja profundidad Secchi durante lo que
antes era la fase de agua clara. Esta interacción de la carga de
nutrientes y el régimen de estratificación monomíctica del Lago de Yojoa
ilustra un fenómeno importante en la forma en que la estructura física
de la columna de agua y los nutrientes interactúan en los lagos
monomícticos tropicales. Este trabajo demuestra la necesidad de
considerar la dinámica de los nutrientes en los hipolimnios anóxicos
cálidos, y no sólo las concentraciones de nutrientes en el agua
superficial, para entender el cambio ambiental en estos ecosistemas que
son socialmente importantes, pero poco estudiados.
Monte Carlo gamma transmission model for characterization of multi-gamma shielding parameters of some heavy metal oxide glasses
Authors: Elsheikh Nassreldeen
Published: March 2022

The applicability of a simple Monte Carlo gamma transmission model was
investigated by characterizing the mass attenuation coefficient, mean free
path, and half-value layer for six glass sample simulants of the
PbO-Li2O-B2O3 system previously prepared by others. The mass attenuation
coefficients were calculated and compared with those of XCOM and the
available experimental data for twenty gamma energy lines from 0.107 MeV to
7.12 MeV, and good agreement was obtained. The effects of PbO concentration
on the simulated values of mass attenuation coefficient, mean free path, and
half-value layer, were calculated and compared with available experimental
data in the gamma energy range 0.356-1.332 MeV, and good agreement was found.
The glass sample with the optimal gamma shielding for all considered gamma
energies was the sample with the chemical formula Pb3B4O9. On the one hand,
the Monte Carlo results confirm the applicability of the proposed model for
performing additional calculations of photon attenuation properties for
different glass compositions, and on the other hand, considering the energy
range of gamma-ray photons in a reactor during uranium fission, 0.10-10 MeV,
the results suggest the use of the studied glass samples as optical shielding
windows in nuclear reactors.
Novel design of radiotherapy room suggestion - three-band maze
Authors: Toth Arpad , Marjanovic Milana , Gencel Ivan , Petrovic Borislava
Published: March 2022

The objective of this study was to analyze the dependence of the neutron dose
from the geometry of the second band of the maze using dosimetric
measurements of neutrons and Monte Carlo simulations, and based on those
results to design a novel radiotherapy room layout. Measurements of the
neutron dose at a two-band maze therapy room were performed for a 15 MeV
photon beam only. Monte Carlo simulations were performed using the GEANT4
toolkit. In order to obtain the geometry dependence, we were changing the
second band angle while we kept the length, height, and width the same as in
reality. Results show that the highest calculated dose was obtained for
the 60? angle of the second maze. It is 17 % higher than for standard 0?
angle. For 30? it was 30 % smaller and for 90? was 10% smaller. Although
the lowest dose was obtained for 30? band angle with calculations, it is not
very practical for clinical use. Clinically the most interesting would be
the 90? angle which is practically a short three-band maze, which could be
promising from the perspective of neutron radiation protection since it
could offer a compact constructional solution, and better optimization of
the available space.
Staffing provincial prisons in the first half of the 19th century (based on the materials of Northern European Russia)
Authors: Plekh Olesya A.
Published: March 2022

The article is devoted to the problems of staffing provincial penitentiary institutions in the first half of the 19th century. The study was based on the legislation that established the procedure for assigning to the positions and the data on the condition of penitentiary institutions in Northern European Russia. The results obtained led to the conclusion that the staffing problems were solved as the penitentiary system developed and were directly dependent on the condition of the places of detention. In the first quarter of the 19th century, when the formation of the network of penal and correctional institutions was a costly and lengthy process involving the construction of buildings for them, prison superintendents were appointed only as an exception; formally, the prisoners were under the custody of the mayors, but in reality they were under the supervision of the sentries from the internal guard. The legislation of the second quarter of the 19th century paid attention to the legal status of superintendents and warders, their powers, duties, and conditions of service for the first time, gradually elaborating the requirements for candidates for these positions. Preference was given to the retired military men: to the officials holding a rank, for the vacancies of superintendents; to lower ranks from the internal guard who had retired because of wounds, for the vacancies of warders. Although from the end of the 1830s the posts of superintendents were filled on a regular basis, not every prison castle had a full complement of employees. Throughout the period under study, prison employees were not included in the staffing tables of local institutions and were regulated individually on the initiative from below. In these conditions, in its reports, the governorate administration proceeded from the needs and current tasks, without seeking to inflate the prison staff and thereby increase the tax burden on the population, since the costs of maintaining penitentiary institutions, including salaries for employees, were covered by town communities and in the event of lack of funds, by general zemstvo dues. In the 1840s, staffing issues were overshadowed by a more significant problem: in many towns, the old wooden prisons had to be replaced with new stone buildings that would correspond to the “model” project designs and requirements for the maintenance of prisoners.
The Congress Kingdom of Poland or the Vistula Land? Review of Rolf, M. Pol'skie zemli pod vlast'yu Peterburga. Ot Venskogo kongressa do Pervoi mirovoi [Polish Lands under the rule of St Petersburg. From the Congress of Vienna to the First World War], translated from German into Russian by K. Levinson. Moscow: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 2020. 576 p. ISBN 978-5-4448-1199-3
Authors: Arzhakova Larisa M.
Published: March 2022

The monograph under review written by German historian Malte Rolf, published in Russian, offers a detailed description of the imperial administrative apparatus that was formed after the defeat of the January Uprising of 1863 and existed until the end of Russian rule in the Polish lands (1915). The collective portrait of Warsaw governors general, which was created by the author of the monograph, deserves special attention, given that the imperial elites of the Vistula Land have not previously been the subject of special research. Of no small importance is the fact that the observation over the complex process of transformation of the Congress Kingdom of Poland into the Vistula Land allows the author to comprehensively consider, as he puts it, the “contact zones and conflict nodes” that stood out most clearly against the background of the existing administrative structures.
The role of photography as a form of visual content in the popularization of the fauna of the Vologda Region
Authors: Kolesova Natalia S. , Balukova Olga M.
Published: March 2022

Photography is a form of visual content and acts as a universal cognitive tool. It can play a multifaceted role in popularizing knowledge about living organisms, specifically, the fauna of the Vologda region, helping to identify species. It provides information about the species composition of the flora and fauna, documents physiological processes, and illustrates types of biotic links and relationships and behavioral characteristics of animals. Photography can reflect the dynamics of processes and phenomena, developing imagination, and helping to tackle environmental issues. When photographing wildlife, it is important to maintain a balance between aesthetics and scientific relevance. Photographs expand information on the distribution of species known in the region and provide an additional opportunity for rapid identification of new taxa.
Media Pembelajaran Mobile Learning CAB’s (Cubes and Blocks) Berbasis Cabri 3D pada Materi Bangun Ruang Mata Pelajaran Matematika
Authors: Damayanti Dini Chintya , Nurafni Nurafni
Published: March 2022

Permasalahan utama di dalam penelitian ini adalah kurangnya media pembelajaran pada proses pembelajaran matematika materi kubus dan balok, sehingga diperlukan pengembangan media pembelajaran yang dapat memotivasi siswa di dalam proses pembelajaran. Tujuan dilaksanakannya penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengembangan media pembelajaran mobile learning CAB’S (Cubes and Blocks) berbasis Cabri 3D pada materi bangun ruang mata pelajaran matematika. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitan pengembangan dengan model pengembangan 4D. Subjek penelitian ini menggunakan 24 siswa kelas V SD, sedangkan objek penelitian ini validitas media pembelajaran. Pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode wawancara dan kuesioner. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis data statistik deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa uji ahli materi memeroleh skor 92,5%, uji ahli media memeroleh skor 80% dan uji coba kepada 24 anak memeroleh skor 88,6%. Berdasarkan skor yang didapatkan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa media pembelajaran mobile learning CAB’s (Cubes and Blocks) berbasis Cabri 3D pada materi bangun ruang ini sangat baik digunakan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran. Implikasi penelitian ini adalah media yang dikembangkan dapat diinstal pada smartphone android, sehingga siswa dapat memahami materi sesuai dengan waktu yang mereka inginkan, sesuai dengan kurikulum yang ada, dengan tampilan yang menarik, dan aplikasi yang mudah digunakan.
Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPS Siswa Kelas VI Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Sari Putri Iman , Kristiantari Maria Goreti Rini , Saputra Ketut Alit
Published: March 2022

Pembelajaran yang berlangsung di kelas IV cenderung tidak menggunakan model pembelajaran yang inovatif dan media pembelajaran yang belum digunakan secara optimal. Pembelajaran yang dilakukan juga masih bersifat konvensional (teacher centered), sehingga menyebabkan hasil belajar IPS masih rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar IPS kelas VI melalui implementasi model pembelajaran Problem-Based Learning. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian tindakan kelas dengan dua siklus. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VI yang berjumlah 28 siswa yang terdiri atas 10 siswa laki-laki dan 18 siswa perempuan. Data hasil belajar IPS dikumpulkan dengan metode tes bentuk pilihan ganda. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan teknik analisis statistik deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata hasil belajar prasiklus adalah 71 dengan ketuntasan belajar 46,42%. Hasil belajar siklus I meningkat dengan rata-rata sebesar 73 dan ketuntasan belajar 71,04%. Rata-rata hasil belajar siklus II meningkat menjadi 74 dengan ketuntasan belajar 92,08%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa, implemensati model pembelajaran Problem-Based Learning dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar IPS siswa. Implikasi pada penerapan model Problem Based Learning yaitu, siswa berperan aktif dalam pembelajaran karena dihadapkan pada permasalahan yang nyata (autentik), pembelajaran bermakna, belajar mandiri, dan pembelajaran berpusat pada siswa.
Dampak Model Pembelajaran Inkuiri Terbimbing terhadap Hasil Belajar IPA Ditinjau dari Gender/Jenis Kelamin
Authors: Kurniawati Ni Made Dewi , Suardana Nyoman , Sudiatmika A. A. Istri Agung Rai
Published: March 2022

Pembelajaran IPA masih bersifat konseptual, teoretis, dan hapalan melalui buku, masih adanya kecenderungan pembelajaran berpusat pada guru, dan siswa tidak dibiasakan menyusun simpulan pembelajaran serta mengomunikasikan hasilnya dengan benar. Hal ini bermuara pada rendahnya hasil belajar IPA siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis model pembelajaran dan gender terhadap hasil belajar. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian Quasi Experimental (Eksperimen Semu) menggunakan desain pretest posttest nonequivalent control group dengan pendekatan kuantitatif.  Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII SMP dengan jumlah siswa 400 siswa. Penentuan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik simple random sampling, yaitu menggunakan empat kelas sebagai sampel, dengan menetapkan dua kelas sebagai kelompok eksperimen dan dua kelas sebagai kelompok kontrol dengan jumlah  80 orang siswa. Data dalam penelitian ini dikumpulkan dengan tes. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan desain analisis faktorial 2×2 dengan uji Anacova Dua Jalur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar siswa pada kelompok model pembelajaran dengan nilai statistic F = 130,35 dan nilai signifikan sebesar 0,00. Terdapat interaksi gender terhadap hasil belajar IPA dengan nilai statistic F= 11,714 nilai signifikan sebesar 0,001, dan terdapat pengaruh interaktif antara model pembelajaran dan gender terhadap hasil belajar IPA dengan nilai statistic F = 4,883 dan nilai signifikan sebesar 0,029. Maka, model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing lebih efektif untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA siswa.
The Academic Supervision Before and During the Covid-19 Pandemic and The Factors That Influence Them
Authors: Dewi Maria Wulan , Dwikurnaningsih Yari
Published: March 2022

Masalah yang muncul saat ini adalah rendahnya kinerja pendidik, sehingga diperlukan pemimpin yang dapat meningkatkan kinerja pendidik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pelaksanaan supervisi akademik sebelum dan selama masa pandemi serta untuk mengetahui kendala yang harus dilakukan sekolah dalam melakukan supervisi akademik oleh kepala sekolah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Data yang terkumpul ditulis dalam bentuk deskripsi. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik purposive sampling. Subjek penelitian ini adalah empat kepala sekolah dan enam guru. Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumen. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data yaitu kuesioner. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu pertama, pelaksanaan supervisi akademik sebelum pandemi keempat sekolah sudah baik dan mengikuti langkah-langkah supervisi akademik yang benar. Kedua, pelaksanaan supervisi akademik pada masa pandemi masih belum terlaksana dengan baik, hanya satu sekolah yang dapat melakukan supervisi akademik dengan baik. Ketiga, kendala yang terjadi adalah rasio kepala sekolah dan guru yang tidak seimbang, beban kerja kepala sekolah yang tinggi, kejadian mendadak yang membuat supervisi akademik dijadwal ulang, dan guru yang belum siap. Kendala di masa pandemi adalah sulitnya melakukan penilaian sesuai dengan standar instrumen supervisi akademik, kurang komunikasi antara kepala sekolah dan guru, dan sulitnya memantau prestasi belajar.
PURI AGUNG NEGARA JEMBRANA (SEJARAH, STRUKTUR DAN FUNGSI SERTA POTENSINYA SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR SEJARAH DI SMA)
Authors: Arimbawa I Putu Eka , Purnawati Desak Made Oka , Maryati Tuty
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) sejarah berdirinya Puri Agung Negara Jembrana di Kelurahan Banjar Tengah, Kecamatan Negara, Kabupaten Jembrana, (2) struktur dan fungsi Puri Agung Negara Jembrana tersebut, dan (3)potensi yang terdapat di Puri Agung Negara Jembrana yang dapat dijadikan sumber belajar sejarah di SMA. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif meliputi: (1) penentuan lokasi penelitian; (2) teknik penentuan informan; (3) teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan studi dokumen; (4) teknik validasi data menggunakan triangulasi metode dan triangulasi sumber; (5) teknik analisis data memakai model interaktif. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa: sejarah Puri Agung Negara Jembrana memiliki kaitan erat lintasan sejarah Kerajaan Jembrana. Hal ini dikarenakan Puri Agung Negara Jembrana merupakan pusat kekuasaan dan pemerintahan Kerajaan Jembrana ketika dipindahkan dari Puri Gede Jembrana hingga Kerajaan jembrana berubah menjadi Kabupaten Jembrana pada tahun 1960. Struktur Puri Agung Negara Jembrana menggunakan konsep Tri Mandala yaitu Nista Mandala, Madya Mandala,  dan  Utama Mandala dengan fungsi tiap bangunan sesuai kaidah Sanga Mandala. Fungsi Pura Dalem Jawa yaitu (1) fungsi religius, (2) fungsi sosial-politik, dan  (3) fungsi budaya. Adapun potensi Puri Agung Negara Jembrana berdasarkan analisis kurikulum dan silabus ialah  aspek historis dan aspek peninggalan yang kemudian disusun dalam Rencana Program Pembelajaran untuk dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber belajar sejarah di SMA.
Drones de coronavírus como um gênero cinematográfico
Authors: Kaplan Caren , Zimmermann Patricia R. , Fuser Marina Costin
Published: March 2022

Durante março e início de abril de 2020, na medida em que a Covid-19 circulava pelo mundo, imagens de cidades surpreendentemente vazias passaram a pipocar nas redes sociais e postadas no YouTube. As imagens, produzidas em geral por operadores de drones profissionais ou amadores, foram apresentadas de maneira tão semelhante que sugere que um gênero cinematográfico específico possa estar surgindo.

Quando o curador do Hallwalls, Edmund Cardoni, postou imagens de drones de Buffalo, em Nova York, que na época se tornava o segundo ponto de acesso do coronavírus no estado de Nova York, uma conversa que começou no Facebook gerou esta entrevista, publicada no Quorum da Film Quarterly. Patricia R. Zimmermann, que integra o conselho editorial da Film Quarterly, publicou novamente o vídeo e perguntou “a filmagem do drone do coronavírus é um novo gênero cinematográfico?” Caren Kaplan, que pesquisa imagens aéreas e militarismo, respondeu “Que interessante! O símbolo icônico da tecnologia à distância produz imagens de distanciamento social.” Uma discussão animada se seguiu, levando B. Ruby Rich a convidá-las a desenvolver o diálogo no Quorum da Film Quarterly.