bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
John Cassian and the Creation of Monastic Subjectivity
Authors: Schachterle Joshua
Published: August 2023

John Cassian (360-435 CE) started his monastic career in Bethlehem. He later traveled to the Egyptian desert, living there as a monk, meeting the venerated Desert Fathers, and learning from them for about fifteen years. Much later, he would go to the region of Gaul to help establish a monastery there by writing monastic manuals, the Institutes and the Conferences. These seminal writings represent the first known attempt to bring the idealized monastic traditions from Egypt, long understood to be the cradle of monasticism, to the West. In his Institutes, Cassian comments that “a monk ought by all means to flee from women and bishops” (Inst. 11.18). An odd comment from a monk, apparently casting bishops as adversaries rather than models for the Christian life. This book argues that Cassian, in both the Institutes and the Conferences, advocated for a separation between monastics and the institutional Church. In Cassian’s writings and the larger corpus of monastic writings from his era, monks never referred to early Church fathers such as Irenaeus or Tertullian as authorities; instead, they cited quotes and stories exclusively from earlier, venerated monks. In that sense, monastic discourse such as Cassian’s formed a closed discursive system, consciously excluding the hierarchical institutional Church. Furthermore, Cassian argues for a separate monastic authority based not on apostolic succession but on apostolic praxis, the notion that monastic practices such as prayer and asceticism can be traced back to the primitive church. This study of Cassian’s writings is supplemented with Michel Foucault’s analysis of the creation of subjects to examine Cassian’s formation of a specifically Egyptian form of monastic subjectivity for his audience, the monks of Gaul. Foucault’s concepts of disciplinary power and pastoral power are also employed to demonstrate the effect Cassian’s rhetoric would have upon his direct audience, as well as many other monks throughout history.
Interpretation: A Critical Primer
Authors: Dickman Nathan Eric
Published: August 2023

While many people engage in interpretation, it is not clear what interpretation is. This critical primer examines the nature of interpretation, strategies within interpretation, and negotiations about the adequacy of an interpretation, with special attention paid to possible roles hermeneutics (the theory of interpretation) plays in the academic study of religions. This book addresses a number of fundamental questions posed throughout the history of hermeneutics: • What is an “interpretation”? • What or who determines the meaning of a text? • What helps in navigating competitions or conflicts of interpretation? • What is the place of interpretation in the academy, relative to explanatory sciences and productive arts? Many books have focused on historical developments of hermeneutics, on key modern hermeneutic philosophers, or on specific sacred texts such as in biblical or Quranic hermeneutics. The unique approach taken to interpretation here is based on the fundamental axiom of philosophical hermeneutics—the hermeneutic priority of questioning. Through this, the author makes a case for the critical value of interpretation. Each chapter of this book refines a conceptual element that combines with others into a theory of interpretation useful for the classroom and in scholarship on hermeneutics.
Using redundant control to optimize control torque
Authors: Gritsuk Igor , Nosov Pavlo , Bondarchuk Andrii , Bondarchuk Oleksandr
Published: August 2023

The object of research is the process of automatic control of the redundant structure of the vessel's executive devices for extreme rotation in the yaw channel. Traditionally, redundant structures have been used to improve the reliability of automated control systems and the maneuverability of vessels. At the same time, control redundancy can also be used to optimize control processes, thereby reducing fuel consumption, increasing control forces and moments, and reducing the time required to perform operations. This allows gaining advantages in movement over vessels not equipped with optimization modules. The paper considers the optimal management of the redundant structure of an offshore vessel, which ensures the rotational movement of the vessel around the center of rotation with the maximum angular velocity. As well as simultaneous maintenance of a given position or movement in the longitudinal and lateral channel, taking into account control restrictions. This problem is reduced to a nonlinear optimization problem with nonlinear and linear control constraints. The method, algorithmic and software of the module of extreme rotation of the vessel with a redundant structure of executive devices have been developed. The workability and efficiency of the developed method, algorithmic and software are verified by mathematical modeling in the closed circuit «Control Object – Control System». The results of the conducted experiment showed that the use of optimal control allows, in comparison with traditional methods of splitting controls, to increase the control moment and angular speed of rotation by 1.5–2 times. The obtained opportunities are explained by the use of a mathematical model of the redundant control structure and the optimization procedure for calculating optimal controls in the on-board computer of the automated system. The developed method can be used on vessels, provided it is integrated into the existing automated system of the on-board computer with an open architecture, to increase the capabilities of automatic traffic control.
Evaluation of the effect of industrial enterprises on the environment and efficiency evaluation of environmental protection on the example of «Chernihivagroshlyahbud» LLC
Authors: Makarenko Dmytro
Published: August 2023

Today, in the conditions of growing attention to the problem of ecologically balanced development, the assessment of the impact of enterprises on the environment is an important and integral component of research in the field of ecology and sustainable development. In particular, «Chernihivagroshlyakhbud» LLC (Ukraine) as one of the leading enterprises in the field of agriculture and construction has a significant potential for impact on the natural environment. The object of research is the impact of an industrial enterprise on the environment.

The research is aimed at assessing the environmental impact of «Chernihivagroshlyakhbud» LLC and developing proposals for the implementation of appropriate environmental protection measures.

Like most industrial enterprises, «Chernihivagroshlyakhbud» LLC is a source of solid waste, polluted runoff, and gaseous emissions into the atmosphere. Due to the fact that the enterprise is located within the city limits, the relevant environmental protection requirements for it are increased. The economic activity of the enterprise is accompanied by the fulfillment of requirements for the rational use of natural resources, environmental safety, planning measures for environmental protection and public health protection.

In the paper, an assessment of the impact of «Chernihivagroshlyakhbud» LLC on the environment was carried out and the characteristics of the area where the enterprise is located were given. In this study, calculations were made for cyclone-type air and water purifiers. As a result of the calculations, it was established that the efficiency of the cyclone for holding particles of 10 microns in size under the given conditions is 91.93 %, which is sufficient to meet the regulatory requirements for emissions into the natural environment. The obtained indicative results can be used for the initial evaluation of the cyclone's efficiency and the planning of further research and development in this area.
Measurement of nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions in fuel-combustion equipment and analysis of their impact on city air condition
Authors: Ivasenko Vitaliy
Published: August 2023

The object of the research is to ensure environmental safety and maximum efficiency of fuel burning equipment. Energy facilities (thermal power plant, boiler houses) are among the biggest air polluters in the city. Nitrogen oxides (NO, NO2, NOx) occupy a significant place among the toxic gases contained in the flue gases of fuel-burning equipment. These substances have a negative impact on the ecological state of the city and are regulated by the Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Ukraine dated 27.06.2006 No. 309 on the approval of standards for maximum permissible emissions of pollutants from stationary sources. The principles of measurement unity are considered, including the presentation of measurement results in standard units (ppm, mg/m3). Conversion from volume concentration (ppm) to mass (mg/m3) is given. Measurements of the concentration of nitrogen oxides were carried out. In the course of research, instrumental measuring tools were used, which made it possible to obtain the values of nitrogen dioxide concentrations in gas boiler flue emissions. In particular, the average maximum concentrations of the main pollutants exceed 62.58 mg/m3. Analyzing the concentration of flue gases allows to determine the concentration of pollutants and to adjust the optimal operation of the equipment as much as possible, achieving a reduction in emissions and compliance with the approved emission standards. Obtained data on background concentrations of nitrogen dioxide in the city of Kyiv, amounting to 1.33 MPC. Using the data of instrumental measurements with the method of calculating concentrations of harmful substances in the atmospheric air and background concentrations, a map of emission dispersion was created. Fields of surface concentrations were plotted on the scattering map, which makes it possible to compare the obtained values with the hygienic standards of atmospheric air. By combining instrumental measurement methods and calculation methods, the volume of emissions was determined and the impact on atmospheric air pollution of the city was assessed.
Assessment of function-technological and rheological parameters of consistency stabilisers for dairy protein-fat systems for the production of semi-smoked sausages
Authors: Rudiuk Vitaliy , Pasichnyi Vasyl
Published: August 2023

During the past few years, the world community has faced a number of problems related to the delivery and storage of milk and milk products. In particular, the situation provoked by quarantine restrictions in various countries of the world forces to look for solutions regarding the use of non-traditional raw materials for the production of classic or similar food products. As a result, it is quite promising to use dairy products with extended shelf life, in particular, dry milk concentrates as the main protein carriers for the production of stable protein-fat systems. The use of dry milk proteins makes it possible to manufacture restored structural products that can be used as an alternative to classic ones. Therefore, the object of research is food components of various origins, in particular food modified starches, food fibers and their modifications, hydrocolloids.
Characteristic indicators of viscosity with increasing shear stress were determined for 5 % solutions of modified starches of various types after brewing at a temperature of 80 °C. It was found that when the shear stress increases to a value of 200 Pa, there is a significant decrease in viscosity, which generally characterizes them as structural systems. The functional and technological indicators of wheat (VF-200), bamboo (BAF-200) food fibers (fiber length 200 microns) and carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC) were studied. Increased functional and technological capabilities of CMC compared to dietary fibers were revealed. The kinetics of swelling of dietary fibers and CMC were studied, while the period of maximum intensification of the process, which is between 5 and 15 minutes, was determined. The maximum value of the swelling coefficient is characteristic for CMC 4.4±0.04, for wheat fiber 4.01±0.06, for bamboo fiber 3.81±0.05. Using the method of mathematical and statistical processing of experimental data, optimization of concentration and technological modes was carried out to achieve maximum hydration and strength of iota-carrageenan gel. It was determined that at a concentration of 1 % during brewing at 80 °C and a time of 5 min. high enough gel strength can be achieved for optimum consistency in the overall system.
The result of the work is a comprehensive study of the functional technological characteristics of food additives that will form the consistency of a structural protein-fat product of the cheese type, which can be used in sausage products as a filler, with the aim of improving the organoleptic, structural-mechanical and nutritional values of the finished products.
PESQUISAS SOBRE VIOLÊNCIA NA ESCOLA E A MÍDIA
Authors: MOTA NATÁLIA SCHAUSST LIMA , GOIS MARCOS LS
Published: August 2023

RESUMO: Existe um interesse significativo pelo fenômeno “violência” nas mais variadas áreas do conhecimento, inclusive, na da Educação. Este artigo apresenta, assim, resultados de uma investigação que coletou, descreveu e analisou produções acadêmicas (teses e dissertações) em torno do tema “violência na escola” noticiada em veículos de comunicação, defendidas e publicadas a partir dos anos 2000. Com base nas formulações teórico-metodológicas da Análise de Conteúdo de Laurence Bardin, a pesquisa mapeou trabalhos que examinaram o papel das mídias na concepção, na compreensão e na divulgação de casos de violência ocorridos em ambiente escolar. Neste artigo, dá-se conta dos seguintes critérios para o tratamento das materialidades em análise: a) perfil dos autores e autoras; b) foco das pesquisas; c) métodos e técnicas; e d) referências, seguidas de breves notas sobre as informações coletadas. Os dados permitiram compreender melhor a produção de conhecimento a respeito de como a violência em instituições de ensino brasileiras é noticiada por jornais, revistas, rádios, dentre outros. Espera-se que esta revisão contribua de forma referencial para trabalhos futuros e para uma compreensão do estado atual do interesse acadêmico pelo tema.
AS PEQUENAS ESCOLAS CRISTÃS DE LA SALLE: ORGANIZAÇÃO E TRABALHO NOS PRIMEIROS ANOS DE FUNDAÇÃO
Authors: ALVES JHONATAN DIÓGENES DE OLIVEIRA , TOLEDO CEZAR DE ALENCAR ARNAUT DE
Published: August 2023

RESUMO: Utilizando-se das obras legadas por La Salle, de seus comentadores, bem como de pesquisadores sobre esse período e sobre a educação, o que se propõe neste trabalho é a apresentação, por meio de tais fontes, de sua proposta pedagógica de caráter reformista, porém, correspondente com as necessidades sociais que paulatinamente se apresentavam naquele contexto. Asseguradas pelas políticas do rei Luís XIV, as Pequenas Escolas Cristãs, fundadas por Jean-Baptiste de La Salle, bem como as demais instituições católicas encontravam espaço para a promoção de sua pedagogia de cunho cristão, com a evidência de que, nas Pequenas Escolas, o ensino apresentava sinais de modernidade até então nunca vistos em outras instituições de ensino confessional. Como guia espiritual e intelectual de um grupo de mestres consagrados, La Salle proporcionou o acesso indiscriminado de alunos às suas escolas, alfabetizando em francês e formando leigos para a condução de suas classes, o que popularizou o seu trabalho e as regras de civilidade cristã escritas por ele e lidas amplamente. Todos esses fatores contribuíram para o surgimento de uma educação que, priorizando as camadas mais pobres da sociedade, buscou conciliar em seu método os tradicionais preceitos religiosos com as demandas da sociedade burguesa de seu tempo. O resultado de seu trabalho pode ser compreendido a partir do alcance popular ao conhecimento da leitura e escrita, o que lhes permitiu trabalho e desenvolvimento nas modernas demandas que o contexto social exigia.
Principais desafios na construção de uma política integrada sobre drogas: descrição da experiência na cidade do Recife/PE
Authors: Campos Alda Roberta , Rameh-de-Albuquerque Rossana Carla , Almeida Renata Barreto de , Almeida  , Santos Serginaldo José dos
Published: August 2023

RESUMO A Prefeitura do Recife, a partir da articulação entre onze distintas Secretarias municipais lançou a Ação Integrada de Atenção ao crack e outras drogas, buscando o fortalecimento de uma rede de cuidado de abordam ampliada, descentralizada e qualificada, que considera o vínculo, o acolhimento, as singularidades, as vulnerabilidades e a responsabilização compartilhada. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever o processo de implantação dessa política e seu desenvolvimento no período de agosto de 2010 a abril de 2012, bem como a identificação dos principais desafios, avanços e dificuldades encontradas durante este percurso na prevenção e no tratamento de usuários de crack e outras drogas.
Atenção Primária e dependência química: contribuições do matriciamento em saúde mental
Authors: Araujo Ana Carolina da Costa
Published: August 2023

RESUMO O presente estudo tem o objetivo de avaliar como profissionais de saúde têm abordado a questão da dependência química na Atenção Primária à Saúde, identificando as principais dificuldades na abordagem dessa temática e avaliando como o Matriciamento pode contribuir para o cuidado desses usuários. A coleta de dados se deu a partir de sete entrevistas com profissionais de CAPSad e da Atenção Primária que participavam das atividades de Matriciamento no município. De maneira geral, avaliou-se que o Matriciamento se mostra como importante estratégia de troca de saberes e articulação da rede de serviços, possibilitando que um novo olhar seja lançado sobre a dependência de substâncias psicoativas.
A internação de usuários de álcool e outras drogas em hospital geral
Authors: Cetolin Sirlei Favero , Trzcinski Clarete , Marchi Ana Cristina Weber
Published: August 2023

RESUMO O artigo objetiva analisar a internação de usuários de álcool e outras drogas em Hospital Geral, por meio de prontuários de pacientes com idades entre 28 e 67 anos, que faziam uso de álcool ou outras drogas havia mais de quatorze anos e já tinham sido internados pelo menos duas vezes. Os resultados revelam lacunas nos serviços de saúde, onde a internação é vista como tratamento final para o uso de drogas. Contudo, após cumprir o prazo de isolamento, desintoxicação e abstinência, o paciente volta ao convívio familiar e social, sendo necessário intensificar ações de saúde atuando no fortalecimento dos pacientes para esse ‘retorno’.
Uso de substâncias psicoativas ilícitas por estudantes de pedagogia de uma universidade pública
Authors: Santos Marcos Vinícius Ferreira dos , Procopio Rafaely Rebuli , Portugal Flávia Batista , Siqueira Marluce Miguel de
Published: August 2023

RESUMO Esta pesquisa objetivou traçar o perfil do uso de drogas ilícitas entre acadêmicos do curso de graduação em Pedagogia do Centro de Educação da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. Realizou-se um estudo quantitativo, exploratório, descritivo e transversal. A população estudada foi constituída de alunos matriculados no referido curso no segundo semestre de 2010. O questionário utilizado foi o proposto pela Secretaria Nacional de Políticas sobre Drogas. Encontrou-se um maior uso de drogas na vida de tranqulizantes e ansiolíticos (15%) e anfetamínicos (7,8%). Os estudantes do sexo masculino usam mais maconha do que as mulheres, assim como os estudantes que relataram não ter religião. O presente estudo detectou que a maconha, os inalantes e solventes, os tranqulizantes e os anfetamínicos, são as principais drogas de escolha pelos universitários.
Nutraceuticals based on Portuguese grape pomaces as a potential additive in food products
Authors: Vinha Ana Ferreira da , Silva Carla Sousa e , Sousa Gonçalo de Magalhães e , Moutinho Carla Guimarães , Brenha João , Sampaio Ricardo
Published: August 2023

Abstract Portuguese wine industry by-products are often undervalued but constitute a potential source of bioactive phenolic compounds that can be applied as a natural additive in several industries. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the nutritional composition, and the phenolic profile of two Portuguese Vitis vinifera L. grape pomaces (Touriga Nacional (red variety) and Alvarinho (white variety), and to correlate their chemical characterizations with their antioxidant activities. Strong correlations were observed between the presence of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities, which enhances the application of pomace extracts in food and pharmaceutical areas. The high content of total phenolic compounds (25 - 41 g/ kg dry extract) and of flavonoids (9.2 - 18 g/ kg dry extract) found in both samples make these pomaces excellent candidates as food additives in food products, as well as antioxidant agents, such as natural dyes. Some polyphenols were identified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), being rutin and catequin the highest compounds found in red grape pomace (Touriga Nacional) while quercetin was only quantified in white grape pomace (Alvarinho). Cis-resveratrol was quantified in both grape pomace, which opens horizons for its use since this compound has considerable chemopreventive effects in the three main gains of carcinogenesis. As expected, the anthocyanin content was significantly higher in red grape pomace (37 g/ kg dry extract), emphasizing its interest as a natural food additive. Based on the findings, it is possible to conclude that these by-products have additional value, making them potentially useful in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.
Influence of native field management on soil, water erosion and nutrient losses
Authors: Bagio Bárbara , Bertol Ildegardis , Wolschick Neuro Hilton , Bernardi Loriane , Oliveira Marco Fruhauf de
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT The native field area in southern Brazil has been reduced due to cultivation, and part of the remainder is traditionally burned and may increase water erosion and soil degradation. In this research, the soil chemical composition and water erosion, under natural rainfall, were evaluated in an Inceptisol, in the south of the Santa Catarina state plateau. The treatments consisted of native field, field mowed and burned once a year, and field cultivated under no-tillage conditions, in plots of 3.5 x 22.1 m and average slope of 10 %. The water erosion was evaluated between November 2016 and September 2018, when there were 61 erosive rainfalls, totaling 1,997 mm and 8,472 MJ mm ha-1 h-1. The soil losses were 82 kg ha-1 in the cultivated field, 55 kg ha-1 in the burned field and 24 kg ha-1 in the native field; and the water losses, in relation to the total rainfall, were 2.2 % in the native field and cultivated field and 1.2 % in the burned field.
Transition of care for women in the puerperal period at hospital discharge
Authors: Aued Gisele Knop , Santos Evangelia Kotzias Atherino dos , Backes Marli Terezinha Stein , Santos Davydson Gouveia , Kalivala Kalende das Misérias de Menezes , Oliveira Daniela Rosa de
Published: August 2023

Abstract Objective to describe nurses’ activities in transition of care for puerperal women from hospital care to other services in the health care network. Method exploratory-descriptive research, developed in the rooming-in of a federal university hospital in southern Brazil. Data were collected remotely, between November and December 2020, through a semi-structured questionnaire via the SurveyMonkey electronic platform with five nurses and four resident nurses. Analysis followed Bardin’s content structure with the support of Qualitative Data Analysis Miner software. Results the activities carried out by nurses in transition of care for puerperal women included discharge guidelines and educational actions for puerperal women. Elements such as lack of communication between rooming-in professionals and other services in the Health Care Network and nurses’ workload were considered barriers to transition of care to puerperal women. Conclusion and implications for practice although nurses undertake efforts in transition of care to puerperal women through guidance and education for discharge, it is essential to outline management strategies in order to implement a set of systematized actions to ensure continuity of care for puerperal women.
Aquatic physical therapy effects on cardiorespiratory variables in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Doliny Andre Eduardo Falcoski , Silva Adriano Zanardi da , Mocelin Thalyssa Karine , Israel Vera Lúcia
Published: August 2023

Abstract Introduction Parkinson’s (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. It has motor and non-motor symptoms which is directly related to these people’s decreased autonomy and quality of life. Aquatic physical therapy (APT) is a non-drug treatment option that is a resource to complement functional rehabilitation and/or prevention. Objective To analyze the effects of an APT program on cardiovascular and fatigue conditions in individuals with PD. Methods The cardiorespiratory conditions were assessed with vital signs – heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP), measured before and after each intervention. The double product (DP) and the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), measured pre- and post-intervention, were also used as variables. The intervention had eight 40- minute biweekly sessions over 4 weeks, with immersion in a heated swimming pool at 33 ºC on average. The statistical analysis was made with the paired t-test (to analyze the FSS) and the repeated measures ANOVA test (for DP, BP and HR); significance was set at p < 0.05. Results Fatigue perception with FSS improved significantly (p = 0.037), from 4.7 ± 1.6 (pre-intervention) to 4.3 ± 1.6 (post-intervention). There were no statistically significant differences in DP, BP and HR (p = 1). Conclusion HR and BP remained at appropriate values for older people, and DP remained within a safe submaximal training range. Furthermore, the proposed APT program statistically decreased fatigue in this specific group of people with PD.
Nano-techniques: a tool to prevent disinfection by-product formation in drinking water
Authors: Velayudhan Jayanthi , Subramanian Sangeetha
Published: August 2023

Water, a vital component required by all living things, becomes more and more polluted as a result of globalisation and industrialisation. Currently, pathogenic microbes, emerging pollutants, industrial chemicals and waste are polluting all-natural water resources and transportation systems. Therefore, before usage, drinking water has to be treated. When water disinfectants react with the organic natural components found in source waters, they may unintentionally produce disinfection by-products (DBPs), which have a negative impact on the biological system. There is a need for the development of innovative water-treatment solutions since traditional drinking water treatment (DWT) does not reduce emerging contaminants. The main objective of this study is to give an overview of disinfection techniques, DBP generation, health consequences and environmental repercussions. Additionally, there are advancements in nanotechnology that have been made in drinking water system treatment for the prevention of DBP and contaminant removal. Further review describes the analysis of advanced DWT processes that can be employed for the removal and control of precursors and DBPs.
Mirroring Michelangelo, finding Galen: the ancient anatomical theory of the soul and its possible influence on The Creation of Adam
Authors: Messa Luca Valerio
Published: August 2023

Galen of Pergamon (129 – c. 216) was a Greek physician, surgeon, and philosopher in the Roman Empire, whose views dominated Western medicine for thirteen centuries until the Renaissance. Starting from the theories of Hippocrates and Plato, Galen supposed how the soul was distributed within the human body. Galen’s method of investigation was the archetype of medical-scientific thought for his time. More generally, his visions were very practical and he managed to summarize and refine the contemporary knowledge in medicine. Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475–1564) was a “key figure” of the Italian High Renaissance. For centuries, his masterpieces have been studied in many disciplines, including the medical field, especially Anatomy. One of Michelangelo’s most studied works of art has been The Creation of Adam. In recent years, scientists from different fields of study have found hidden messages inside this work. Some theories are extremely interesting, and other meanings may have been included by Michelangelo in what many consider to be his greatest work. This paper suggests a new hypothesis of an anatomical observation of The Creation of Adam, based on Galen’s theory about the soul. This is to reason that the medical research carried on by Galen could have influenced many fields and also Michelangelo’s work. More generally, the study of human anatomy since ancient times has undoubtedly influenced many fields of research and development in important ways.
History of the tongue scraper
Authors: Forrai Judith , Spielman Andrew I.
Published: August 2023

A tongue cleaner (tongue scraper, tongue brush) is an oral hygiene tool to keep the tongue's surface clean. This is one chapter of the Encyclopedia of the History of Dentistry.
History of the tooth worm
Authors: Spielman Andrew I. , Forrai Judith
Published: August 2023

The earliest written record related to teeth relates to the “tooth worm.” This is one chapter of the Encyclopedia of the History of Dentistry.
Hermann Boerhaave (1668-1738) a Leideni Egyetem professzora és Telekiné Bethlen Júlia
Authors: Petrőczi Éva
Published: August 2023

The topic of this study is the life and oeuvre of Hermann Boerhaave MD, the first famous polyhistor and professor of the 18th century at the Medical School of Leiden University. He was a descendant of a Calvinist priest family, had a multifarious career with an international reputation and among others he was in contact with Count Alexander Teleki and his wife, Countess Julia Bethlen, members of the higher aristocracy in Transylvania. Boerhaave treated, among his foreign patients, carefully and professionally also the young countess Julia who suffered from tuberculosis, and in his letters supported her by psychotherapy too. The couple Teleki-Bethlen enjoined an easy correspondence mediated by many Calvinist Transylvanian students at Leiden University. In this study, I used a number of contemporary letters and scientific German and English literature. In English research prof. Rina Knoeff’s NWO Vidi project (2012–2017, University of Groningen), and her e-mails and publications provided me with a significant support.
Az ultrahang, mint modern diagnosztikus eszköz
Authors: Eke Csaba
Published: August 2023

Ultrasound examination has experienced rapid development since the 1950s. From an early observation of the similarity between the fetus in the amniotic fluid and the submarines, we have now a device, which is absolutely necessary in emergency and intensive care units for rapid decision-making. In addition to modes B and M, the Doppler phenomenon-based Doppler ultrasound examination was also introduced, which provides important information while checking the heart in cardiology. The new idea of a Doppler-UH profiling on the hepatic vein with a specific device provides good results about the body fluid amount and the circulatory status. In conclusion, the spreading of ultrasound examinations is a forward-looking process that increases patient safety.
Textíliák organoleptikus vizsgálata és az anatómiai vonatkozások
Authors: Kutasi Csaba
Published: August 2023

Sensory organs are finely structured and extremely sensitive peripheric parts and terminal devices of the central nervous system. The stimuli they pick up create electrical impulses that run through the direct nerve pathways into the brain. Sensory tests of different textile materials are mainly limited to visual perceptions and touch, as well as tests related to the smelling experiences, but at the same time, a given sound effect can also be an informative factor. Despite the fact that many instrumental material tests are available, there are still normative tests with only a subjective assessment.
Karinthy Frigyes, újgnosztikus áramlatok: spiritizmus; teozófia; antropozófia
Authors: Bacsó Beáta
Published: August 2023

In the early 20th century there were emerging many intellectual currents at the same time as an organic continuation of the Enlightenment, the materialist-based scientific thinking, such as Darwinism, Haeckelism, Marxism, and Einstein’s theory of relativity. At the same time, Goethe’s spiritual science, Kant’s moral philosophy, and pure Hegelian idealism were still influential, but there appeared already Nietzsche’s amoral philosophy, which was a contemporary philosophical response to the secularization of the world. A little bit later, were emerging Freudian psychoanalysis and its psychological branches (Jung, Ferenczy, Adler, etc.). As a counter-effect of materialism, there developed also esoteric trend as Neognostic Spiritualism, Theosophy and Anthroposophy, as well as the Freemasonry movement. These intellectual currents acted and fertilized simultaneously the bourgeois culture, science and art of that era. This ebullient intellectual environment favoured naturally the development of brilliant creators like Frigyes Karinthy. It is not by chance that there are detectable Gnostic elements in Karinty’s several writings, existential and eschatological ideas which are presented by exploring contemporary Neognostic trends in this study.
(Self)Censored at Home and Away: Richard Wright’s Native Son (1940) in Spanish
Authors: Linder Daniel
Published: August 2023

Native Son (Harper & Brothers, 1940), by Richard Wright (1908, Roxie, Mississippi–1960, Paris, France), contained a scene rewritten by the author to satisfy the Book of the Month Club, which had selected a Black author for the first time. In the censored scene, the main character, Bigger Thomas, engages in a lewd sexual act; other potentially offensive contents, however, were not subjected to the same treatment. The first Spanish translation, Sangre negra (Sudamericana, 1941), was banned in Spain twice (1944 and 1953) when the Argentinian publishers attempted to import it into the strongly autocratic country ruled by Francisco Franco from 1939 to 1975. The translation, by Pedro Lecuona, was finally published in Spain in 1987, under the literal title Hijo nativo (Ediciones Versal and Círculo de Lectores), with a revised text for the European-Spanish readership. The state censorship that banned this translation from Spain, the self-censorship that the Argentinian translation contains, and the Iberian revisions are all examined closely. In 1991, the Library of America published an uncensored edition which restored the unexpurgated text. However, Lecuona’s (revised) translation circulated until 2022, when an unexpurgated text, Hijo de esta tierra (Alianza Editorial) by Eduardo Hojman, was made from the restored text of this hugely significant example of African-American literature. This edition restores all previously (self)censored segments and also contains the first Spanish version of the epilogue “How Bigger Was Born”. Book reviews and social media reception pinpoint the importance of Wright’s contribution but are neglectful of this retranslation’s fascinating history
Shaping Global Public Spheres Through International Law: An Investigation Into International Climate Change Law
Authors: Vinken Moritz
Published: August 2023

This article makes three arguments to contribute to this thematic issue’s intention of examining the role of public spheres in global politics. To begin with, it attempts to develop the concept of “strong” public spheres to include plenary organs of international institutions. It believes in the potential of this concept as a heuristic fiction. The study then examines the role of international law in shaping global public spheres and their role in global politics. International law’s characteristics have contributed to the current incomplete manifestations of global publics. Not only has international law constructed the institutional frameworks of the “strong” public sphere within international institutions, but it has also integrated civil society actors into the deliberative processes of will formation of these institutions. Finally, this research turns to international climate change law as a case study. The institutional structures created by international climate change law have not only created one “strong” public sphere in the form of the conference of the parties but rely on a second “strong” global public, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which aims to institutionalise the global climate science community without abandoning an intergovernmental structure. What is more, the paradigm shift accompanying the Paris Agreement has made global climate change governance increasingly reliant on an active transnational global public sphere.
Chromatographic Determination of the Chemical Composition of Apple Chips Extract
Authors:   Lutsk National Technical University, Lutsk, Ukraine, Hulai O.I. , Shemet V.Ya. ,   Lutsk National Technical University, Lutsk, Ukraine, Klimovych O.S. ,   Volyn research expert-forensic center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, Ukraine
Published: August 2023

The qualitative composition of the extraction of dried apples of green (Golden, Mutsu) and red (Florina, Aidared) varieties by gas-liquid chromatography with mass-selective detection has been established. The chips were obtained by convective drying at the temperature of +(63–70) °С to a final dampness of 6–8 %. Water-alcohol extract was analyzed on the Shimadzu GCMS-QP2020 gas chromatomas-spectrometer with a full ion current (SCAN), the scanning range of 40–1000 Da. The peaks were processed and identified based on the open source data (NIST 2017 and Wiley 5th Edition). In the studied samples of apple extraction, 30 characteristic components were found, among which carbohydrates predominate – mono- and disaccharides, their derivatives and products of dehydration and oxidation. The apple extract contains higher fatty acids: n-hexadecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, oleic acid. Compounds formed as a result of drying (5-hydroxymethylfurfural, 3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-pyrane-4-one), as well as flavonoids and anthocyanins, which perform antioxidant and weak antibiotic functions in the body, were identified. Vitamins could not be determined using this method.
White Organizers and White Organizations? Dilemmas of Whiteness in a Youth-Led Movement for School Integration
Authors: FREIDUS ALEXANDRA
Published: August 2023

In this ethnographic study, Alexandra Freidus investigates the dilemmas of whiteness that challenge a youth-led campaign for school integration in New York City. Analyzing field observations, interviews, and internal documents, she illustrates the ways whiteness shaped young people’s identities as allies and activists, contributed to an organizational culture that many members of color considered a “White space,” and operated as both an asset and a limitation in the group’s organizing tactics. Her findings point to the need for multi racial educational coalitions and social movements to critically and consciously engage with the dilemmas of whiteness inherent in their work.
Do Pre-treatment Factors Predict Self-Monitoring Adherence?
Authors:   , Nunez Nicole , Srivastava Paakhi
Published: August 2023

Objective: Self-monitoring is associated with better treatment outcomes in binge eating disorders, including bulimia nervosa spectrum disorders. Despite the importance of self-monitoring in the treatment of eating disorders, the pre-treatment factors that predict self-monitoring adherence remain unexplored. This study aims to address the gaps in the existing literature by examining whether pre-treatment factors, including demographic factors, comorbid psychopathology, eating disorder pathology, and self-regulation deficits, predict adherence to self-monitoring. Method: Participants (N= 99) receiving behavioral therapy for Bulimia Nervosa-spectrum eating disorders in two clinical trials were included. Sample 1 included 44 participants (MAGE = 32.00, range = 18-60, 88.6% female, 11.4% male). Sample 2 included 55 participants (MAGE = 38.94, range = 19-68, 85.5% female, 14.5% male, MBMI = 29.46, range = 18.90 - 43.50). Participants were asked to complete self-monitoring throughout the course of treatment. Clinicians reviewed and rated the self-monitoring every week for the degree of completion on a 1-4 Likert scale. Clinicians' ratings were averaged across all sessions to determine self-monitoring adherence in treatment. The samples were collapsed, and univariate and multivariate regression analyses and independent samples t-tests were run to determine relationships between pre-treatment factors and self-monitoring adherence. Results: Multivariate regression revealed that women (b = -.43, SE = .12, p = .03) and those with greater impulsivity (b = -.35, SE = .17, p = .04) were less likely to demonstrate adherence to self-monitoring. Age, race, marital status, comorbid psychopathology, pre-treatment severity of eating disorder pathology, and difficulty in emotion regulation did not significantly predict self-monitoring adherence (all ps > .05). Conclusions: Gender and impulsivity emerged as significant predictors of self-monitoring adherence, such that women and those higher in impulsivity displayed poorer adherence to self-monitoring. Further research is needed to provide more conclusive evidence of this association and explore why and how gender and impulsivity may emerge as a predictor of self-monitoring adherence. This would inform future treatment recommendations for improving adherence in individuals having BN spectrum disorders.
Learning by Mistake
Authors:   , Cohen Zachary , Tecce DeCarlo Mary Jean
Published: August 2023

In an age widely defined by change, one thing is for sure: People will make mistakes. What is uncertain is whether people will learn from them. As common as mistake-making is, learning from mistakes is not common at all. Students who possess the want-to and know-how to learn from their mistakes are best positioned to avail themselves of what is most natural and unavoidable to the learning process-the process itself; however, most educational institutions produce students who are ill-equipped to recognize, react to, and repair their mistakes. Without a blueprint to guide this process, students will continue to prioritize less-optimal but mistake-free learning strategies. This concurrent mixed methods case study constructed and tested a conceptual framework composed of the processes that mediate middle grades students' inclination and ability to learn from their mistakes in a progressive independent school. Using quantitative, qualitative, and data integration procedures, this conceptual framework-heretofore referred to as "Mistake Literacy"-articulated the proximal and distal conditions that exert a meaningful influence on mistake-learning, resulting in a proverbial playbook to guide educators in elevating and embracing the vital role that mistakes play in the learning process. This study found that in a classroom dedicated to fostering such conditions, the student-teacher relationship serves as the fulcrum. Once the student-teacher relationship is firmly established, students are then poised to operationalize the suite of dispositions identified in this study, which facilitate their ability to place themselves in the optimal position to learn from their mistakes. These dispositions encompass cognitive engagement, intrinsic motivation, and metacognition, empowering students to maximize the benefits of the established conditions. Fundamentally, the conceptual framework of Mistake Literacy is characterized as a sequential and recursive process that becomes increasingly accessible for students as they gain experience.
Percepción sobre el maltrato en médicos residentes de un Hospital de referencia de Paraguay
Authors: Méndez Fabiola Elizabeth , Rodríguez Aldo Ismael , Rios-González Carlos
Published: August 2023

Introducción: El maltrato es una problemática que el mundo viene sufriendo y sosteniendo desde siglos anteriores y el sector salud no queda exento de tal agravio. En Latinoamérica existe un alto índice de maltratos en médicos. Objetivos: Determinar la percepción sobre el maltrato en médicos residentes de un hospital de referencia nacional de Paraguay durante el 2020. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal, dónde fueron incluidos 240 residentes de las diferentes especialidades de un hospital de referencia nacional. Resultados: Ingresaron al estudio 240 médicos residentes, con una edad promedio de 27,3 ±1,6. El 52,08% (125) fueron del sexo masculino. En cuanto al maltrato psicológico, el 98,33% (236) recibió críticas o humillaciones, el 92,08% (221) ha sido víctima de gritos y el 39% (94) de guardia como castigo. Lo que respecta al maltrato físico, el 9% (22) de los residentes recibió golpes o empujones. El 7,92% (19) refirió haber recibido comentarios sexuales sobre su cuerpo o parte de él y el 2% (5) haber sido expuesto a material pornográfico, evidenciando el maltrato de índole sexual. En relación al perpetrador del total de episodios de maltrato que corresponde al 56,78% (494), el Residente Superior ha sido señalado como principal autor. Conclusión: Existe una alarmante frecuencia de maltrato en la formación profesional de los médicos residentes. Se destaca el maltrato psicológico en mayor proporción y al Residente Superior como principal perpetrador.
Проблемы использования персональных данных в цифровом маркетинге
Authors: Каухер О.А. , Талипова Л.М.
Published: August 2023

Статья посвящена проблемам использования персональных данных в цифровом маркетинге.
Применение искусственного интеллекта в научных исследованиях
Authors: Шемилева М.С-А. , Кудусова М.И.
Published: August 2023

Искусственный интеллект (ИИ) начинает трансформировать традиционные исследовательские практики во многих областях. В этом контексте обзоры литературы выделяются тем, что они работают с большими и быстро растущими объемами документов, то есть с частично структурированными (мета) данными, и охватывают почти все типы статей, опубликованных в исследованиях информационных систем или связанных дисциплинах социальных наук. Чтобы познакомить исследователей с некоторыми последними тенденциями в этой области, я расскажу, как ИИ может ускорить отдельные этапы процесса обзора литературы.
Эффективность дистанционного обучения
Authors: Шемилева М.С-А. , Науразов А.А.
Published: August 2023

Что такое эффективность дистанционного обучения. Какие виды дистанционного обучения бывают. Плюсы и минусы дистанционного обучения. Эффективность дистанционного обучения. Форматы дистанционного обучения. Рассмотрим поподробнее дистанционное обучение. Что это такое?
Обзор систем безопасности пилотов гоночных автомобилей
Authors: Нестеренко Г.А. , Нестеренко И.С. , Литус Д.О.
Published: August 2023

В данной статье некоторые системы безопасности для проведения гоночных заездов. Рассмотрены костюм пилота, защитный шлем и специальные сиденья.
Анализ отказов технических средств
Authors: Щёголева Т.В. , Васильев Д.В. , Алиев А.А.
Published: August 2023

В статье был произведён анализ отказов технических средств 1, 2 и 3 категорий по системе КАСАНТ Красноярской железной дороги (согласно годовому отчёту дистанции электроснабжения за 2021 год). Отказы были выявлены с помощью железнодорожной системы КАСАНТ. Вместе с тем были представлены задачи по устранению и недопущению отказов, эффективные решения проблем на Красноярской железной дороге.
Виды борьбы с шумом в жилых, общественных и промышленных зданиях
Authors: Досын А.В.
Published: August 2023

В статье представлены современные методы борьбы с шумом в зданиях. Актуальность темы связана с тем, что шумовое загрязнение приняло статус экологической проблемы мегаполисов. Ученые оценивают его как одно из вредных воздействий на человека в течение суток.
Оценка эффективности применения строительных материалов для наружных ограждающих стеновых конструкций
Authors: Малиновская М.И.
Published: August 2023

В статье рассматривается оценка эффективности применения строительных материалов для наружных ограждающих стеновых конструкций.