bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Moderating Effect of Within‐Group Similarity on Change in a Strengths‐Based Programme for Incarcerated Young Men
Authors: Viola Wendy Elaine , Mankowski Eric S. , Gray Mary Elisabeth
Published: May 2014

Many youth who are incarcerated within juvenile correctional facilities experience mental health disorders, histories of victimization and suicide ideation. Strengths‐based intervention programmes are intended to enhance participants' resilience against such challenges. However, little is known about how the composition of intervention groups contributes to programmes' efficacy. This study addresses the impact of within‐group similarity on the success of a strengths‐based intervention for incarcerated young men (n = 141). Similarity was assessed in terms of self‐reported demographics and behaviours and belief systems. Youths' masculine ideology, caring and cooperative behaviours, ethnic pride and respect for differences, self‐efficacy regarding education and non‐violence, and attitudes about criminal behaviour were measured before and after intervention. Results indicate that participants' caring and cooperative behaviour increased during the intervention. However, their education‐related self‐efficacy was reduced, and the perceived benefits of criminal activity increased. These changes were moderated by group composition: less similarity between participants and their group members was associated with less negative change. In the context of juvenile corrections facilities, where staying the same may be a relatively positive outcome, perhaps the more relevant question is not which processes and characteristics of others better enable youth to change but which experiences help them retain positive aspects of themselves. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Vibrational Spectra of the Anhydrous Lithium Dicyanamide Li[N(CN)2].
Authors: Reckeweg Olaf , DiSalvo Francis J. , Schulz Armin , Blaschkowski Bjoern , Jagiella Stefan , Schleid Thomas
Published: May 2014

Crystals of Li[N(CN)2] are synthesized by a metathesis reaction of stoichiometric amounts of aqueous solutions of Na[N(CN)2] and Li2[SO4] followed by subsequent treatment with EtOH and evaporation at 80 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: Wet Chemical Synthesis of Eu2+ Activated Fluoro‐Elpasolite Phosphors.
Authors: Singh Vartika S. , Joshi C. P. , Muthal P. L. , Dhopte S. M. , Moharil S. V.
Published: May 2014

Non‐doped and Eu‐doped K2NaAlF6 and K2LiAlF6 are precipitated by addition of HF to stoichiometric aqueous solutions of alkali chlorides, AlCl3, and EuCl3 at 85 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Crystal Structure of Ba4MgF2(CN2)4.
Authors: Olive Corral Anna , Kubus Mariusz , Stroebele Markus , Meyer H.‐Juergen
Published: May 2014

The new carbodiimide of title is prepared by solid state metathesis reaction of MgF2, BaF2, and Na2(CN2) (fused Cu ampoule, 650 °C, 2 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the Bicyclo[6.2.1]undecane Ring System by a Solvent‐Free Diels—Alder Reaction.
Authors: Beatriz Adilson , da Silva Gomes Roberto , Gomes Constantino Mauricio , da Silva Gil Valdo Jose , de Oliveira Kleber Thiago
Published: May 2014

A bicyclo[6.2.1]undecane model compound (VI) of the core structure of the biologically active furanoheliangolide sesquiterpene is synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Scandium Pentafluorobenzoate‐Catalyzed Unexpected Cascade Reaction of 2‐Aminobenzaldehydes with Primary Amines: A Process for the Preparation of Ring‐Fused Aminals.
Authors: Mao Dan , Tang Jun , Wang Wenbo , Wu Shengying , Liu Xin , Yu Jianjun , Wang Limin
Published: May 2014

The coupling with aromatic amines results in formation of a new class of polycyclic aminals of type (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Tunable, Chemoselective Amination via Silver Catalysis.
Authors: Rigoli Jared W. , Weatherly Cale D. , Alderson Juliet M. , Vo Brian T. , Schomaker Jennifer M.
Published: May 2014

A chemoselective amination of homoallylic and homoallenic carbamates solely through control of the catalyst/ligand ratio is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Raising the pKa Limit of “Soft” Nucleophiles in Palladium‐Catalyzed Allylic Substitutions: Application of Diarylmethane Pronucleophiles.
Authors: Sha Sheng‐Chun , Zhang Jiadi , Carroll Patrick J. , Walsh Patrick J.
Published: May 2014

A general method for the Pd‐catalyzed allylic substitution with diarylmethane derivatives is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Isomerization/Hydroformylation/Hydrogenation of Internal Alkenes to n‐Alcohols Using Rh/Ru Dual‐ or Ternary‐Catalyst Systems.
Authors: Yuki Yamato , Takahashi Kohei , Tanaka Yoshiyuki , Nozaki Kyoko
Published: May 2014

A one‐pot three‐step reaction, isomerization/hydroformylation/hydrogenation of internal alkenes to n‐alcohols, is accomplished by employing a Rh/Ru dual‐catalyst system.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Esterification of the Polyphenol Resveratrol at the 4′‐Position.
Authors: Acerson Mark J. , Andrus Merritt B.
Published: May 2014

Selective 4′‐esterification of the polyphenol resveratrol succeeds under thermodynamic conditions using acid anhydrides, DMSO as solvent, and usually NaH as base.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Palladium‐Catalyzed C—H Alkoxylation of Unactivated Methylene and Methyl Groups with Cyclic Hypervalent Iodine (I3+) Oxidants.
Authors: Shan Gang , Yang Xinglin , Zong Yu , Rao Yu
Published: May 2014

This novel title method gives access to a wide range of C(sp3)‐H alkoxylation products with excellent regioselectivity and with high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Aqueous Phase Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid to 1,4‐Pentanediol.
Authors: Li Mengxia , Li Guangyi , Li Ning , Wang Aiqin , Dong Wenjun , Wang Xiaodong , Cong Yu
Published: May 2014

The selective hydrogenation of levulic acid is investigated by screening Mo‐modified noble metal‐SiO2 catalysts at low temperature (80 °C) under aqueous solutions.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective α‐Amination and α‐Acylation of Esters and Amides via Dual Reactivity of O‐Acylhydroxylamines Toward Zinc Enolates.
Authors: McDonald Stacey L. , Wang Qiu
Published: May 2014

Treatment of zinc enolates with O‐acylhydroxylamines in the presence of a copper catalyst provides α‐amination products exclusively [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoenzymatic Routes to Polyoxygenated Cyclooctenones Related to the Eastern Hemisphere of the Macrolactam Tripartilactam.
Authors: Vo Yen , Banwell Martin G. , Willis Anthony C.
Published: May 2014

Reaction sequences are reported to synthesize eight‐membered carbocycles such as (IV), starting from the enzymatically‐derived enantiopure cis‐diol (I).
ChemInform Abstract: RuII‐Catalyzed Vinylative Dearomatization of Naphthols via a C(sp2)—H Bond Activation Approach.
Authors: Nan Jiang , Zuo Zhijun , Luo Lei , Bai Lu , Zheng Huayu , Yuan Yini , Liu Jingjing , Luan Xinjun , Wang Yaoyu
Published: May 2014

Intermolecular annulation reactions of 1‐aryl‐2‐naphthols with internal alkynes proceed efficiently in the presence of a Ru catalyst and a Cu oxidant to generate spirocyclic compounds by sequential cleavage of the C(sp2)—H bond, migratory insertion of the alkyne, and dearomatization of the naphthyl ring.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of N‐Sulfonylaziridines with Boronic Acids.
Authors: Duda Megan L. , Michael Forrest E.
Published: May 2014

The reaction proceeds under mild conditions and tolerates various of functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Photoredox Catalysis Enabled by Proton‐Coupled Electron Transfer: Development of an Asymmetric Aza‐Pinacol Cyclization.
Authors: Rono Lydia J. , Yayla Hatice G. , Wang David Y. , Armstrong Michael F. , Knowles Robert R.
Published: May 2014

The method is the first example of the highly enantioselective reductive coupling of ketones and hydrazones reported to date.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in Siloxane‐Based Coupling Reactions: Novel 16‐Electron Palladium(0) Tri‐Alkene Catalysts for Allyl‐Aryl Coupling in Precursors to Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids.
Authors: DeShong Philip , Nytko Frederick E. , Shukla Krupa H.
Published: May 2014

Several palladium(0) complexes, e.g. compounds (I), are tested as catalysts in the coupling of allylic carbonate (II) with phenyl siloxane (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Spirooxindoles via Direct Catalytic Asymmetric Aldol‐Type Reaction of Isothiocyanato Oxindoles.
Authors: Matsunaga Shigeki , Kato Shota , Kanai Motomu
Published: May 2014

Title synthesis of spirooxindoles is efficiently catalyzed by nickel— or strontium—Schiff base complexes, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic and Asymmetric Fluorolactonizations of Carboxylic Acids Through Anion Phase Transfer.
Authors: Parmar Dixit , Maji Modhu Sudan , Rueping Magnus
Published: May 2014

The title reaction proceeds under weak phase transfer condition (Na2CO3), which allows the use of the non‐polar solvents (Et2O, hexane).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Tertiary 2‐Substituted 5‐Oxotetrahydrofuran‐2‐carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Lopp Margus , Paju Anne , Oja Karolin , Matkevits Katharina , Lumi Priit , Jaerving Ivar , Pehk Tonis
Published: May 2014

The applied catalytic process proceeds with slightly lower yield and stereoselectivity than the corresponding stoichiometric reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Flexible Routes to Thiophenes.
Authors: Jullien Helene , Quiclet‐Sire Beatrice , Tetart Thomas , Zard Samir Z.
Published: May 2014

Three convergent routes for the preparation of thiophenes are described.
ChemInform Abstract: I2‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Substituted Pyrroles from α‐Amino Carbonyl Compounds and Aldehydes.
Authors: Yan Rulong , Kang Xing , Zhou Xiaoqiang , Li Xiaoni , Liu Xingxing , Xiang Likui , Li Yamin , Huang Guosheng
Published: May 2014

A direct method for the synthesis of 1,3,4‐trisubstituted pyrroles is achieved easily from cyclization of α‐anilino carbonyl compounds and aldehydes catalyzed by iodine.
ChemInform Abstract: Green Access to Multi‐Component Synthesis of Spiropyranopyrazoles (IV)
Authors: Pore D. M. , Hegade P. G. , Gaikwad D. S. , Patil P. B. , Patil J. D.
Published: May 2014

13 examples
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Asymmetrically Substituted Terpyridines by Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct C—H Arylation of Pyridine N‐Oxides.
Authors: Duric Sasa , Sypaseuth Fanni D. , Hoof Santina , Svensson Emma , Tzschucke C. Christoph
Published: May 2014

The convenient and scalable synthesis of the title compounds is accomplished in fewer steps compared to known cross‐coupling methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted, Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed N‐Annulation Reactions of Aryl and α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones with Alkynes.
Authors: Lee Hyejeong , Sim Yong‐Kyun , Park Jung‐Woo , Jun Chul‐Ho
Published: May 2014

The title process leads to isoquinolines and pyridines from corresponding aromatic ketones [e.g. (I)] and enones [e.g. (XV)], respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of Fused Tetracyclic Quinolines via Ugi‐Variant MCR and Pd‐Catalyzed Bis‐Annulation.
Authors: Che Chao , Yang Bo , Jiang Xianlong , Shao Taofeng , Yu Zhixiong , Tao Chuanye , Li Song , Lin Shuo
Published: May 2014

A diversity‐oriented synthesis of fused tetracyclic 6,11‐dihydroquinoxalino[2,3‐b]quinolines is described via sequential Ugi‐variant multicomponent reaction and Pd‐catalyzed bis‐annulation in a one‐pot process.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal‐Free Reactions of Boronic Acids: 1,3‐Stereochemical Induction in the Substrate‐Controlled Conjugate Addition.
Authors: Roscales Silvia , Ortega Victor , Csaky Aurelio G.
Published: May 2014

In the presence of TFAA enones (I) react with alkenylboronic acids and trifluoroborates to afford dioxabicyclooctanes with excellent stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Modular Hemisyntheses of Boronato‐ and Trifluoroborato‐Substituted L‐NHBoc Amino Acid and Peptide Derivatives.
Authors: Audi Hassib , Remond Emmanuelle , Eymin Marie‐Joelle , Tessier Arnaud , Malacea‐Kabbara Raluca , Juge Sylvain
Published: May 2014

Modular hemisyntheses of boronato‐ and trifluoroborato‐substituted amino acid derivatives are achieved based on the reaction of Wittig reagent (I) with aldehydes followed by Ir‐catalyzed boronation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactions of 1,3,4‐Selenadiazines.
Authors: Langer Peter , Pfeiffer Wolf‐Diethard , Rossberg Harald , Kelzhanova Nazken , Villinger Alexander , Saginayev Amanzhan T.
Published: May 2014

The cyclization of selenosemicarbazides (I) and (VI) with phenacyl bromides (II) leads to desired 1,3,4‐selenadiazines (III) and (VII), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Enantiopure 2‐C‐Glycosyl‐3‐nitrochromenes.
Authors: Soengas Raquel G. , Rodriguez‐Solla Humberto , Silva Artur M. S. , Llavona Ricardo , Almeida Paz Filipe A.
Published: May 2014

A new and highly stereoselective route to biologically important title compounds is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoenzymatic Total Synthesis and Reassignment of the Absolute Configuration of Ribisin C.
Authors: Lan Ping , Banwell Martin G. , Ward Jas S. , Willis Anthony C.
Published: May 2014

Synthesis of both enantiomers of the target compound revealed the correct absolute configuration of the natural product (I).
ChemInform Abstract: (+)‐ and (‐)‐Cajanusine, a Pair of New Enantiomeric Stilbene Dimers with a New Skeleton from the Leaves of Cajanus cajan.
Authors: Li Yao‐Lan , et al. et al.
Published: May 2014

Both enantiomers exhibit inhibitory activities on the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Colloidal Synthesis of an Exotic Phase of Silicon: The BC8 Structure.
Authors: Ganguly Shreyashi , Kazem Nasrin , Carter Danielle , Kauzlarich Susan M.
Published: May 2014

Octanol capped silicon nanoparticles crystallizing in the metastable BC8 structure are prepared by a colloidal route from mixtures of SiI4, n‐butyllithium, dioctylether, and 1‐octanol (280 °C, 72 h, 25—35% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Bi2Te3 Urchin‐Like Nanorods by a Microwave—Solvothermal Method.
Authors: Jiang Ya , Zeng Wei , Fang Yi
Published: May 2014

Bi2Te3 nanospheres with diameters of 50—500 nm are prepared by microwave‐heating of poly(ethylene glycol) solutions containing Bi(NO3)3, TeO2, and aqueous HNO3 (autoclave, 1.2 MPa, 180 °C, 15 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Porous Pt‐Based Nanostructures: Synthesis and Electrochemical Applications
Authors: Xu You , Zhang Bin
Published: May 2014

Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Function in Organometallic·Protein Complexes
Authors: Herrick Richard S. , Ziegler Christopher J. , Leeper Thomas C.
Published: May 2014

Review: 137 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Group 8 Metal Alkynyl Complexes for Nonlinear Optics
Authors: Grelaud Guillaume , Cifuentes Marie P. , Paul Frederic , Humphrey Mark G.
Published: May 2014

Review: 96 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Opening the Lid on Piano‐Stool Complexes: An Account of Ruthenium(II)—Arene Complexes with Medicinal Applications
Authors: Nazarov Alexey A. , Hartinger Christian G. , Dyson Paul J.
Published: May 2014

Review: 163 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Coordination Chemistry of Non‐Oxido, Oxido and Dioxidovanadium(IV/V) Complexes with Azine Fragment Ligands
Authors: Sutradhar Manas , Pombeiro Armando J. L.
Published: May 2014

Review: 205 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Stannanes and the Scope of Their Posterior Chemical Transformations
Authors: Rossi Roberto A.
Published: May 2014

Review: [64 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Iminophosphorane—Phosphines: Versatile Ligands for Homogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Garcia‐Alvarez Joaquin , Garcia‐Garrido Sergio E. , Cadierno Victorio
Published: May 2014

Review: [65 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: All‐Carbon Quaternary Stereogenic Centers in Acyclic Systems Through the Creation of Several C—C Bonds per Chemical Step.
Authors: Marek Ilan , Minko Yury , Pasco Morgane , Mejuch Tom , Gilboa Noga , Chechik Helena , Das Jaya P.
Published: May 2014

Review: [89 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Glutaraldehyde with Dipolar Ions of Amino Acids and Proteins
Authors: Kuznetsova N. P. , Mishaeva R. N. , Gudkin L. R. , Panarin E. F.
Published: May 2014

Review: 72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Sequential Addition and Cyclization Processes of α,β‐Ynones and α,β‐Ynoates Containing Proximate Nucleophiles
Authors: Abbiati Giorgio , Arcadi Antonio , Marinelli Fabio , Rossi Elisabetta
Published: May 2014

Review: [115 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Applications of C 1‐Symmetric Bis(oxazoline)‐Containing Ligands in Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: O'Reilly Steven , Guiry Patrick J.
Published: May 2014

Review: 64 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of γ‐Butenolides and α,β‐Unsaturated γ‐Butyrolactams by Addition of Vinylogous Nucleophiles to Michael Acceptors
Authors: Jusseau Xavier , Chabaud Laurent , Guillou Catherine
Published: May 2014

Review: [101 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Repair of Protein Radicals by Antioxidants
Authors: Domazou Anastasia S. , Gebicki Janusz M. , Nauser Thomas , Koppenol Willem H.
Published: May 2014

Review: 119 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular 1,2‐ and 1,3‐Hydrogen Transfer Reactions of Thiyl Radicals
Authors: Schoeneich Christian , Mozziconacci Olivier , Koppenol Willem H. , Nauser Thomas
Published: May 2014

Review: [29 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Diels—Alder Reaction as a Key Step in Tandem or Sequential Processes: A Versatile Tool for the Synthesis of Fused and Bridged Bicyclic or Polycyclic Compounds
Authors: Parvatkar Prakash T. , Kadam Hari K. , Tilve Santosh G.
Published: May 2014

Review: [98 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric and Enantiospecific Syntheses of 1‐Hydroxymethyl Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids
Authors: Brambilla Marta , Davies Stephen G. , Fletcher Ai M. , Thomson James E.
Published: May 2014

Review: [104 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Cholesterol Chemistry
Authors: Morzycki Jacek W.
Published: May 2014

Review: advances in cholesterol chemistry since 2000; 102 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Assembled Fibrillar Networks and Molecular Gels Employing 12‐Hydroxystearic Acid and Its Isomers and Derivatives
Authors: Mallia V. Ajay , Weiss Richard G.
Published: May 2014

Review: [26 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Catalysis with Chiral Metal Organic Frameworks
Authors: Falkowski Joseph M. , Liu Sophie , Lin Wenbin
Published: May 2014

Review: 41 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: PdII/PdIV Redox Couple Mediated C—X Bond Formation
Authors: Vedernikov Andrei N.
Published: May 2014

Review: 44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Graphene for Multi‐Functional Synthetic Biology: The Last ′Zeitgeist′ in Nanomedicine
Authors: Servant A. , Bianco A. , Prato M. , Kostarelos K.
Published: May 2014

Review: 44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Review (Research and Patents) on Jasmonic Acid and Its Derivatives
Authors: Ghasemi Pirbalouti Abdollah , Sajjadi Seyed Ebrahim , Parang Keykavous
Published: May 2014

Review: 128 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Disulfide‐Rich Macrocyclic Peptides as Templates in Drug Design
Authors: Northfield Susan E. , Wang Conan K. , Schroeder Christina I. , Durek Thomas , Kan Meng‐Wei , Swedberg Joakim E. , Craik David J.
Published: May 2014

Review: 128 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Rational Approaches, Design Strategies, Structure Activity Relationship and Mechanistic Insights for Anticancer Hybrids
Authors: Nepali Kunal , Sharma Sahil , Sharma Manmohan , Bedi P. M. S. , Dhar K. L.
Published: May 2014

Review: 534 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fabrication, Properties, and Applications of Flexible Magnetic Films
Authors: Liu Yi‐Wei , Zhan Qing‐Feng , Li Run‐Wei
Published: May 2014

Review: 96 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Red to Near‐Infrared Organometallic Phosphorescent Dyes for OLED Applications
Authors: Ho Cheuk‐Lam , Li Hua , Wong Wai‐Yeung
Published: May 2014

Review: 113 refs.
Bioorganic Research of Galactites tomentosa Moench. Honey Extracts: Enantiomeric Purity of Chiral Marker 3‐Phenyllactic Acid
Authors: Jerković Igor , Roje Marin , Tuberoso Carlo I. G. , Marijanović Zvonimir , Kasum Ana , Obradović Marina
Published: May 2014

Thistle (Galactites tomentosa Moench.) honey organic extracts were obtained by headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) and ultrasonic solvent extraction (USE) and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC‐FID and GC‐MS) for the first time. Most abundant headspace compounds were terpenes, particularly linalool derivatives (hotrienol was predominant with a range of 38.6–57.5%). 3‐Phenyllactic acid dominated in the solvent extracts (77.4–86.4%) followed by minor percentages of other shikimate pathway derivatives. After determination of an adequate enantioseparation protocol on Chirallica PST‐4 column, the honey solvent extracts were analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The chiral analysis revealed high enantiomeric excess (>95%) of (–)‐3‐phenyllactic acid in all samples. Therefore, previous findings of chemical markers of thistle honey were extended, providing new potential for advanced chemical fingerprinting (optical pure chemical marker). Chirality 26:405–410, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Green Recyclable CuO‐CeO2 Nanocomposite Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Halides with Aqueous Ammonia in Water
Authors: Albadi Jalal , Mansournezhad Azam
Published: May 2014

CuO‐CeO2 nanocomposite as a green recyclable catalyst, catalyzed amination of aryl halides with aqueous ammonia in water. This catalyst can be easily recovered by simple filtration and recycled up to 5 consecutive runs with consistent activity. The procedure provides some advantages such as simple work‐up, clean procedure, relatively short reaction times and high yields of the products.
Facile Synthesis of 4‐H‐Pyran Derivatives Bearing Indole Skeleton via [3+3] Cyclization of 3‐Indolyl‐3‐oxopropanenitriles with Dialkyl Acetylenedicarboxylates and Isocyanides
Authors: Song Ping , Zhao Lili , Ji Shunjun
Published: May 2014

An efficient multicomponent reaction of 3‐indolyl‐3‐oxopropanenitriles with dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates and isocyanides under mild conditions leading to highly functionalized 6‐(indol‐3‐yl)‐4H‐pyrans in moderate to good yields has been developed.
Evidence for a Bulky Unit of a Pillar[5]arene Flipping in the Solid State
Authors: Pan Mingguang , Xue Min
Published: May 2014

It is well known that pillar[5]arenes have two most stable conformations (pS and pR) in their crystal structures. Because of the intramolecular H‐bonding interactions, substituents, temperature, solvent and so on, the rotational behaviors of the phenolic units on pillararenes are also common. This paper showed some other kinds of conformations in the functionalized pillar[5]arenes and gave evidence for a bulky unit (1,4‐methoxycarbonylmethoxybenzene unit) flipping in the solid state. The presence of hydrogen bonding facilitated the intermolecular self‐assembly in terms of energy‐minimized packing in the crystals. Thus, the main driving force for the flipping of this bulky unit might be both the intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the phenolic units on pillararenes and quadrupolar hydrogen bonding between the host and water. This paper helps us to have a better understanding on the conformations of pillar[5]arenes.
Declining childhood and adolescent cancer mortality
Authors: Smith Malcolm A. , Altekruse Sean F. , Adamson Peter C. , Reaman Gregory H. , Seibel Nita L.
Published: May 2014

BACKGROUND

To evaluate whether progress continues in identifying more effective treatments for children and adolescents with cancer, the authors examined both overall and disease‐specific childhood cancer mortality rates for the United States, focusing on data from 2000 to 2010.

METHODS

Age‐adjusted US mortality trends from 1975 to 2010 were estimated using joinpoint regression analysis. Analyses of annual percentage change (APC) were performed on the same diagnostic groupings for the period restricted to 2000 through 2010 for groupings ages <20 years, <15 years, and 15 to 19 years.

RESULTS

After a plateau in mortality rates during 1998 to 2002 (APC, 0.3%), the annual decline in childhood cancer mortality from 2002 to 2010 (APC, −2.4%) was similar to that observed from 1975 to 1998 (APC, −2.7%). Statistically significant declines in mortality rates from 2000 to 2010 were noted for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, neuroblastoma, central nervous system cancers, and gonadal cancers. From 2000 to 2010, the rates of decline in mortality for the group ages 15 to 19 years generally were equal to or greater than the rates of decline for the group ages birth to 14 years. Improvements in treatment since 1975 resulted >45,000 cancer deaths averted through 2010.

CONCLUSIONS

Cancer mortality for both children and adolescents declined from 2000 to 2010, with significant declines observed for multiple cancer types. However, greater than 1900 cancer deaths still occur each year among children and adolescents in the United States, and many survivors experience long‐term effects that limit their quality of life. Continued research directed toward identifying more effective treatments that produce fewer long‐term sequelae is critical to address these remaining challenges. Cancer 2014;120:2497–2506. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Implications of inadequate lymph node staging in resectable gastric cancer: A contemporary analysis using the National Cancer Data Base
Authors: Datta Jashodeep , Lewis Russell S. , Mamtani Ronac , Stripp Diana , Kelz Rachel R. , Drebin Jeffrey A. , Fraker Douglas L. , Karakousis Giorgos C. , Roses Robert E.
Published: May 2014

BACKGROUND

National guidelines recommend examination of ≥ 15 lymph nodes for adequate staging of resectable gastric adenocarcinoma (GA). The relevance of these guidelines, which were established before the increasing use of multimodality therapy, and the impact of inadequate lymph node staging (LNS) in a contemporary cohort have not been extensively explored.

METHODS

Stage I‐III GA patients who underwent gastrectomy from 1998 to 2011 were identified using the National Cancer Data Base. Trends in LNS adequacy, predictors of inadequate LNS (< 15 LN examined) and the relationship between LNS and overall survival (OS) were analyzed.

RESULTS

In 22,409 patients, compliance with LNS guidelines was poor (inadequate LNS in 61.2% of cases, median LN harvested in 11.0%). Subtotal/partial gastrectomy was the strongest predictor of inadequate LNS (OR = 2.01, P < .001). Survival analyses included 9139 patients with minimum 5 years follow‐up; median, 1‐year, and 5‐year survival was 35.6 months, 75.5%, and 39.7%, respectively. LN positivity (HR = 1.90) and age > 76 years (HR = 1.73) were the strongest predictors of worse OS (both P < .001). Inadequate LNS was independently associated with worse OS (HR = 1.33, P < .001). Median OS after inadequate compared to adequate LNS was significantly worse (33.3 months versus 42.0 months, P < .001), regardless of AJCC clinical stage subgroup or tumor T classification (both P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS

Adequate LNS is achieved in a minority of patients. Inadequate LNS was independently associated with worse OS. Examination of ≥ 15 LN is a reproducible prognosticator of gastric cancer outcomes in the United States and should continue to serve as a benchmark for quality of care. Cancer 2014;120:2855–2865. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Multi‐factors on photocatalytic properties of Y‐doped Bi2WO6 crystallites prepared by microwave‐hydrothermal method
Authors: Huang Jing , Tan Guoqiang , Ren Huijun , Xia Ao , Luo Yangyang
Published: May 2014

Different contents of Y‐doped Bi2WO6 crystallites were synthesized by a microwave‐hydrothermal method. The photocatalytic properties with different contents of Y‐doped Bi2WO6 crystallites were studied. The Y‐doped Bi2WO6 crystallites were also characterized by XRD, EDX, SEM and UV‐vis DRS and the multi‐factors on photocatalytic properties of Y‐Doped Bi2WO6 crystallites were discussed. The results indicate that Y3+ replacing Bi3+ enters into the Bi2WO6 lattice, producing a degree of Bi2WO6 lattice distortion. It also has an impact on the crystallinity of Bi2WO6 and the band gap is from 2.49 eV to 2.71 eV. The photocatalytic results show that when the content of Y doping becomes 10%, the degradation rate of rhodamine B is above 90% after 40 min irradiation, which shows that doping the proper rare earth ions is conducive to the photocatalytic properties of Bi2WO6 crystallites.
Comparative study on intestinal metabolism and absorption in vivo of ginsenosides in sulphur‐fumigated and non‐fumigated ginseng by ultra performance liquid chromatography quadruple time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry based chemical profiling approach
Authors: Zhu He , Shen Hong , Xu Jun , Xu Jin–Di , Zhu Ling–Ying , Wu Jie , Chen Hu‐Biao , Li Song–Lin
Published: May 2014

Our previous study indicated that sulphur‐fumigation of ginseng in post‐harvest handling processes could induce chemical transformation of ginsenosides to generate multiple ginsenoside sulphur derivatives. In this study, the influence of sulphur‐fumigation on intestinal metabolism and absorption in vivo of ginsenosides in ginseng was sequentially studied. The intestinal metabolic and absorbed profiles of ginsenosides in rats after intra‐gastric (i.g.) administration of sulphur‐fumigated ginseng (SFG) and non‐fumigated ginseng (NFG) were comparatively characterized by a newly established ultra performance liquid chromatography quadruple time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐QTOF‐MS/MS) with electrospray ionization negative (ESI‐) mode. A novel strategy based on the characteristic product ions and fragmentation pathways of different types of aglycones (saponin skeletons) and glycosyl moieties was proposed and successfully applied to rapid structural identification of ginsenoside sulphur derivatives and relevant metabolites. In total, 18 ginsenoside sulphur derivatives and 26 ginsenoside sulphur derivative metabolites in the faeces together with six ginsenoside sulphur derivatives in the plasma were identified in the SFG‐administrated group but not in the NFG‐administrated group. The results clearly demonstrated that the intestinal metabolic and absorbed profiles of ginsenosides in sulphur‐fumigated and non‐fumigated ginseng were quite different, which inspired that sulphur‐fumigation of ginseng should not be recommended before the bioactivity and toxicity of the ginsenoside sulphur derivatives were systematically evaluated. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DSM‐5 unspecified feeding and eating disorders in adolescents: What do they look like and are they clinically significant?
Authors: Wade Tracey D. , O'Shea Anne
Published: May 2014

Objective

The recent DSM‐5 categorization of eating disorders introduces a new category of eating disorders, Unspecified Feeding and Eating Disorders (UFED), where symptoms do not meet criteria for any other diagnostic category, but cause clinically significant distress or impairment. The aim of the current study was to explore what disorders in UFED might look like in an adolescent population.

Method

We examined a large cohort of adolescent female twins (N = 699) who were assessed on three occasions and who did not meet a DSM‐5 eating disorder diagnosis but who reported threshold levels of either fasting and/or driven exercise (N = 33; 4.7%). This group of girls was compared to girls who reported no eating disorder over the three waves, and girls who met a diagnosis of either anorexia nervosa (AN) or atypical AN.

Results

The UFED group was characterized as being in the overweight range while striving to lose weight, and placing a high degree of importance on weight and shape in their self‐evaluation. This group was indistinguishable from the two eating disorder groups on measures of global eating disorder severity, and demonstrated significantly elevated impairment and distress compared to the no eating disorder group commensurate with the eating disorder groups.

Discussion

Further research of this group is necessary to ensure that these individuals are not overlooked, and that treatment options are appropriate and available. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:367–374)
Afforestations and wetlands, are they a good combination? Study of water fluxes in two cases of Patagonian wetlands
Authors: Weigandt M. , Gyenge J. , Fernández M. E. , Varela S. , Schlichter T.
Published: May 2014

Wetlands are ecosystems that play a key role in maintaining biodiversity and associated economies (e.g. agriculture and livestock) because they are reservoirs of water and carbon. Globally, these environments have been largely deteriorated, so their sustainable use takes on special importance. This study examined the effect on water recharge of the replacement of natural grassland by pine afforestation on hillsides adjacent to two Patagonian wetlands with contrasting rainfall. Results showed that independently of the rainfall at the site considered, canopies with high coverage values (90%) intercept 40% of the precipitation. This percentage is significantly reduced when canopy coverage is near 70%. Considering forested and grassland hillsides, groundwater drainage showed different patterns, consisting of only a few millimetres in the seasons recorded. Surface runoff was not a significant source of recharge for these systems in spring and summer, showing similar values in forested and grassland hillsides. Differences found in the recharge water variables between afforestation and grassland conditions cannot be directly associated with the vegetation in areas surrounding the wetlands. These systems showed high complexity, requiring site‐specific analysis to determine what the impact of afforestation will be on their hydrology. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Functionalization of Hexacoordinate (Arenediolato)bis(polypyridyl)silicon(IV) Complexes
Authors: Breiding Tom , Henker Jens , Fu Chen , Xiang Yonggang , Glöckner Steffen , Hofmann Philipp , Harms Klaus , Meggers Eric
Published: May 2014

Hexacoordinate (arenediolato)silicon(IV) complexes that contain two additional 2,2′‐bipyridine or 1,10‐phenanthroline ligands are surprisingly stable against aqueous hydrolysis and therefore constitute attractive and novel templates for the design of bioactive compounds. In this article, we report the synthesis of (arenediolato)bis(polypyridyl)silicon(IV) complexes, including a case of diastereoselective synthesis of a nonracemic hexacoordinate (binaphtholato)silicon(IV) complex, and methods for their post‐coordinative functionalization with halides, nitro, and carbonyl groups. Several X‐ray crystal structures are provided and demonstrate the octahedral coordination of silicon in these complexes.
Oxidative Addition of Rhodium Complexes Containing a Dithioimidodiphosphinate Ligand: Facile Reductive Elimination of Methyl Iodide from a Tetranuclear Rhodium Sulfido Cluster
Authors: Cheung Wai‐Man , Chiu Wai‐Hang , Sung Herman H. Y. , Williams Ian D. , Leung Wa‐Hung
Published: May 2014

Rhodium complexes containing the dithioimidodiphosphinate ligand [N(iPr2PS)2]– have been synthesized and their oxidative addition of methyl iodide investigated. Treatment of [Rh(PPh3)3Cl] with K[N(iPr2PS)2] afforded [Rh{N(iPr2PS)2}(PPh3)2] (1). Recrystallization of 1 from hexane in the presence of adventitious oxygen yielded the peroxo complex [Rh{N(iPr2PS)2}(PPh3)2(η2‐O2)] (2). Oxidative addition of methyl iodide to 1 gave [Rh(Me)(I){N(iPr2PS)2}(PPh3)2] (3), which reacted with K[N(iPr2PS)2] to afford [Rh(Me){N(iPr2PS)2}2] (4). Treatment of K[N(iPr2PS)2] with [Rh(coe)2Cl]2 (coe = cyclooctene) yielded the tetranuclear sulfido cluster [Rh4(μ3‐S)2{iPr2PNP(S)iPr2}2{N(iPr2PS)2}2] (5) containing two four‐coordinate RhI and two five‐coordinate RhIII centers. Oxidative addition of methyl iodide to 5 gave the monomethyl compound [Rh4(μ3‐S)2(Me)(μ‐I){iPr2PNP(S)iPr2}2{N(iPr2PS)2}2] (6). In benzene solution, 6 underwent spontaneous reductive elimination of methyl iodide to give 5. The crystal structures of complexes 2–6 have been determined.
Efficient Synthesis and Versatile Reactivity of Porphyrinyl Grignard Reagents
Authors: Fujimoto Keisuke , Yorimitsu Hideki , Osuka Atsuhiro
Published: May 2014

Iodine–magnesium exchange between iodoporphyrins and iPrMgCl·LiCl proceeded successfully without decomposition of the porphyrin core. The resulting porphyrinyl Grignard reagents are nucleophilic enough to react with various carbonyl compounds, such as aldehydes, ketones, and amides. Furthermore, the porphyrinyl Grignard reagents underwent transmetalation to afford porphyrinyl copper and zinc species of mild and unique reactivity. These could be engaged in 1,4‐addition and Negishi coupling, respectively.
Period, birth cohort and prevalence of dementia in mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Wu Yu‐Tzu , Lee Hsin‐yi , Norton Samuel , Prina A. Matthew , Fleming Jane , Matthews Fiona E. , Brayne Carol
Published: May 2014

Objective

There have been dramatic societal changes in East Asia over the last hundred years. Several of the established risk factors could have important period and cohort effects. This study explores temporal variation of dementia prevalence in mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan taking study methods into account.

Methods

Seventy prevalence studies of dementia in mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan were identified from 1980 to 2012. Five period groups (before 1990, 1990 ~ 1994, 1995 ~ 1999, 2000 ~ 2004 and 2005 ~ 2012) and five birth cohort groups (1895 ~ 1909, 1910 ~ 1919, 1920 ~ 1929, 1930 ~ 1939 and 1940 ~ 1950) were categorised using the year of investigation and 5‐year age groups. Pooled prevalence by age, period and birth cohort groups was estimated through meta‐regression model and meta‐analysis taking diagnostic criteria and age structure into account.

Results

After adjusting for diagnostic criteria, the study age range and age structure, the prevalence of dementia in the older population aged 60 years and over fluctuated across periods but not reaching significance and were estimated as 1.8%, 2.5%, 2.1%, 2.4% and 3.1% for the five periods from pre‐1990 to 2005 ~ 2012. A potential increasing pattern from less to more recent birth cohort groups was found in the major studies using older diagnostic criteria with wider differences in the age groups over 70 years.

Conclusions

This study found no significant variation across periods but suggested a potential cohort effect. The influence of societal changes might moderate early life experiences across different generations with substantial impact on mental health in older age. © 2014 The Authors. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Thiosilane‐ and Organoselenosilane‐Mediated Novel Access to 3,7‐Disubstituted‐1,2,5‐ trithiepanes and ‐1,2,5‐dithiaselenepanes
Authors: Capperucci Antonella , Tanini Damiano , Borgogni Cosimo , DegľInnocenti Alessandro
Published: May 2014

The reaction of bis(trimethylsilyl) sulfide with different substituted thiiranes under tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) catalysis leads to the synthesis of 3,7‐disubstituted‐1,2,5‐trithiepanes, through regioselective reaction of a thiosilane intermediate with another molecule of episulfide, followed by intramolecular oxidation of two sulfur units. When using bis(trimethylsilyl)selenide, the reaction with thiiranes and TBAF affords a smooth access to a novel class of disubstituted‐1,2,5‐dithiaselenepanes.
Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Triol Derivatives from α,β‐Unsaturated Acylsilanes
Authors: Honda Mitsunori , Nakamura Takayoshi , Sumigawa Takumi , Kunimoto Ko‐Ki , Segi Masahito
Published: May 2014

The stereoselective synthesis of 1,2,3‐triol derivatives having contiguous stereogenic centers from α,β‐unsaturated acylsilanes1was described. The oxidation of an olefin moiety of1with osmium tetroxide proceeded smoothly to give the corresponding 2,3‐syn‐dihydroxyacylsilanes2. The protection of two hydroxy groups of2followed by a nucleophilic reaction to the silyl carbonyl group gave the corresponding silylated triol derivatives (7and8) with high stereoselectivity, depending on the kind of nucleophilic reagents. The deprotection for7and8and the following protodesilylation gave two isomers of possible four 1,2,3‐triol derivatives. The stereoselective triol synthesis by asymmetric diolization of α‐silylated allyl alcohols11derived by nucleophilic addition to1was also investigated.
Intended and Unintended Consequences of Minimum Staffing Standards for Nursing Homes
Authors: Chen Min M. , Grabowski David C.
Published: May 2014

Staffing is the dominant input in the production of nursing home services. Because of concerns about understaffing in many US nursing homes, a number of states have adopted minimum staffing standards. Focusing on policy changes in California and Ohio, this paper examined the effects of minimum nursing hours per resident day regulations on nursing home staffing levels and care quality. Panel data analyses of facility‐level nursing inputs and quality revealed that minimum staffing standards increased total nursing hours per resident day by 5% on average. However, because the minimum staffing standards treated all direct care staff uniformly and ignored indirect care staff, the regulation had the unintended consequences of both lowering the direct care nursing skill mix (i.e., fewer professional nurses relative to nurse aides) and reducing the absolute level of indirect care staff. Overall, the staffing regulations led to a reduction in severe deficiency citations and improvement in certain health conditions that required intensive nursing care. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is there a superior conceptual groundwater model structure for baseflow simulation?
Authors: Stoelzle Michael , Weiler Markus , Stahl Kerstin , Morhard Andreas , Schuetz Tobias
Published: May 2014

Previous work has shown that streamflow response during baseflow conditions is a function of storage, but also that this functional relationship varies among seasons and catchments. Traditionally, hydrological models incorporate conceptual groundwater models consisting of linear or non‐linear storage–outflow functions. Identification of the right model structure and model parameterization however is challenging. The aim of this paper is to systematically test different model structures in a set of catchments where different aquifer types govern baseflow generation processes. Nine different two‐parameter conceptual groundwater models are applied with multi‐objective calibration to transform two different groundwater recharge series derived from a soil‐atmosphere‐vegetation transfer model into baseflow separated from streamflow data. The relative performance differences of the model structures allow to systematically improve the understanding of baseflow generation processes and to identify most appropriate model structures for different aquifer types. We found more versatile and more aquifer‐specific optimal model structures and elucidate the role of interflow, flow paths, recharge regimes and partially contributing storages. Aquifer‐specific recommendations of storage models were found for fractured and karstic aquifers, whereas large storage capacities blur the identification of superior model structures for complex and porous aquifers. A model performance matrix is presented, which highlights the joint effects of different recharge inputs, calibration criteria, model structures and aquifer types. The matrix is a guidance to improve groundwater model structures towards their representation of the dominant baseflow generation processes of specific aquifer types. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Real‐Time Computer Simulation Program for Reducing Outpatients Phlebotomy Wait Time
Authors: Woo Yo Seop , Kwon Young Dae , Lee Mi‐Kyung , Cha Young Joo , Kim Hye Ryoun
Published: May 2014

Background

Our goal was to enhance the productivity of phlebotomists and reduce outpatient wait times. Here, we aimed to develop a computer simulation program in which resources would be shifted from the laboratory to assist with phlebotomy. We evaluated the efficacy of computer simulation approaches for phlebotomy wait time and provide phlebotomy help time.

Methods

We evaluated the performance of the following three approaches: no helping system (NHS), the conventional assistance system (CAS), and the computer simulated helping system (CSHS). The CSHS predicted the phlebotomy waiting times based on computer simulation approaches, decided the assist times, and sounded an alarm.

Results

The wait time for the NHS was significantly longer than that of the CAS and the CSHS (P< 0.05). We divided the wait time into the three parts: <5 min, 5–10 min, and >10 min. Significant differences between the three systems were detected (P< 0.05). The phlebotomy computer simulation system significantly decreased the help time of the phlebotomists (CAS was 93.3 ± 19.7 min vs. CSHS was 79.5 ± 17.7 min,P= 0.03).

Conclusion

We designed a computer‐based predicted alarm system. This system could effectively decrease help time for phlebotomists and outpatients phlebotomy wait times.
Relationship Between Hematocrit Level and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Community‐Based Population
Authors: Jin Yuan‐Ze , Zheng Dong‐Han , Duan Zhi‐Ying , Lin Ying‐Zi , Zhang Xue‐Ying , Wang Jing‐Ru , Han Shuo , Wang Guo‐Feng , Zhang Yi‐Jing
Published: May 2014

Background

This study aimed to determine the relationship between hematocrit (HCT) levels and cardiovascular risk factors in a community‐based population of middle‐aged adults.

Methods

From April 2011 to February 2012, a total of 1,884 middle‐aged adults were selected from a community‐based population in China. Blood and urine samples were collected for routine blood and urine tests, and measurement of plasma glucose and lipid levels. Baseline information including traditional cardiovascular risk factors was obtained by standard questionnaire to analyze. We evaluated the distribution of the HCT values for middle‐aged adults with or without cardiovascular risk factors. There were 548 males and 1,336 females in this study. The mean age of all subjects was 54.7 ± 6.7 years. There were 1,209 subjects with risk factors and 675 without risk factors.

Results

The HCT levels in subjects with risk factors were higher than those without risk factors (P = 0.005). According to a simplified tool for evaluation of the 10‐year risk of ischemic cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in Chinese populations, all subjects were divided into four groups: the ultralow‐risk group (1,367, 72.6%), low‐risk group (232, 12.3%), intermediate‐risk group (201, 10.7%), and high‐risk/ultrahigh‐risk group (84, 4.4%). Compared with HCT levels in the ultralow‐risk group, significant differences were found in the low‐risk, intermediate‐risk, and high‐risk/ultrahigh‐risk groups (all P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Our results indicate that elevated HCT levels may be positively associated with cardiovascular risk factors. Thus, the combination of HCT values and cardiovascular risk factors may enable early diagnosis of CVDs.