bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growth rate dependence on micronutrient provision in replacement heifers during the intrauterine period
Authors: Safonov V. A. , Ermilova T. E. , Chernitskiy A. E.
Published: April 2024

According to the developmental origins of health and disease (DoHaD) hypothesis, the conditions during intrauterine development have a long-term effect on postnatal growth and animal health. This study aimed to determine the relationship between fetal micronutrient provision in the last three months of intrauterine development and growth intensity indicators in the first 180 days after birth. This study focused on 40 clinically healthy Simmental heifers. Samples of non-pigmented tail hair were collected from newborns before their first colostrum feeding. The micronutrient content (selenium, copper, zinc, manganese, cobalt, iron, chromium, and molybdenum) was analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Nexion 300D, Perkin Elmer, USA). Calf weight was measured on the first day of life and at 180 days, and average daily weight gain was calculated. The relationships between the variables were analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient in IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0 (IBM Corp., USA). No significant correlations were found between the weights of the newborn calves and the micronutrient content in their hair samples. However, at 180 days of age, calf weight and average daily weight gain (in the first 180 days of life) correlated with the selenium (r = 0.349 and r = 0.408, p < 0.05, respectively), copper (r = 0.378 and r = 0.440, p < 0.01, respectively), zinc (r = 0.455 and r = 0.481, p < 0.01, respectively), and cobalt (r = 0.304 and r = 0.344, p < 0.05, respectively) contents in the hair samples of newborns. No correlations were found for manganese, iron, chromium, and molybdenum.
Correlation analysis of the PRM1, STK35 and IFT27 level of expression genes with the quality of native and deposited seed of holsting bulls
Authors: Barkova O. Yu , Starikova D. A. , Chistyakova I. V.
Published: April 2024

The research aim is a correlation analysis of the PRM1, STK35 and IFT27 genes mRNA expression with the native and decryoconserved sperm quality indicators of Holstein bulls to search for effective transcriptomic biomarkers of bull semen. In the study course, native and decryoconserved sperm of seven Holstein bulls were used. To solve the study problems, eight indicators of sperm quality were studied, the studied genes in native and decryoconserved spermatozoa expression was analyzed in real time PCR. Nonparametric probabilistic and statistical methods were used, the analysis of rank correlation was carried out using Spearman’s criterion. Higher expression of the studied genes was mainly noted in frozen--thawed sperm compared to native. The mRNA expression level of the protamine gene (PRM1) did not give a reliable correlation with sperm parameters: The level ITF27 gene mRNA expression was significantly positively correlated with the content of defective cells from frozen--thawed sperm (0.714, p=0.05) and dead cells (0.714, p=0.0545) from native sperm. A negative correlation was noted with the content of normal cells in frozen--thawed sperm (-0.750, p=0.038) and live cells (-0.714, p=0.0545) in native sperm. The ITF27 gene transcript (mRNA) showed a negative correlation (-0.703, p=0.0545) in terms of the acrosome defect of frozen--thawed spermatozoa. In terms of the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the mRNA of the ITF27 gene had a significant positive correlation (0.786, p=0.0251). The STK35 gene transcript (mRNA) was the only one of all the studied mRNAs that had an average negative correlation with sperm motility in native (-0.692, p=0.052) and frozen--thawed sperm (-0.876, p=0.035). These studies can be used to create a system of non-invasive transcriptional markers of bull sperm quality.
Debt ceiling problems: is the US facing a technical default?
Authors: Kirichenko Elina V.
Published: April 2024

On January 19, 2023 political contradictions between Republicans and Democrats on the issues of the national debt ceiling and the growing budget deficit have once again brought the United States to the brink of a technical default. The article examines how the Treasury tried to push back the date of such a default. Two types of national debt (public debt and intragovernmental debt) and their role in maintaining the debt ceiling are analyzed. The paradoxes of decision-making in the budget process regarding the debt ceiling are considered. When adopting the budget, legislators already estimate the amount of the budget deficit that will be added to the debt, threats of technical default have become a bargaining chip in disputes about budget policy. This is especially evident in the conditions of divided government. Republicans with the majority in the House of Representatives actively played a card of budget deficit. After months of bitter struggle between the administration and republicans in Congress, the latter approved a bill that shifted the limit on the national debt to January 1, 2025. On June 3, the president signed it. The debt ceiling problem has been postponed, but not solved. Lawmakers did not go for the abolition of the "debt ceiling", which some budget experts consider necessary. Particular attention in the article is paid to how Congress has been trying for decades to legislate the problem of the budget deficit and the debt ceiling and how effective these attempts have been. The American decision-making mechanism in the budgetary sphere is increasingly coming to a standstill. Trust in treasuries allows the US government to attract the savings of its citizens and the world's savings. Each time, the protracted confrontations over the debt ceiling can make investors begin to doubt whether American treasuries are such a reliable asset.
Features of economic sanctions as a tool to protect the strategic interests of the United States
Authors: Soldatenkova Olga I.
Published: April 2024

The widespread use of economic sanctions as an instrument of foreign policy has caused a growing interest in assessing the effectiveness of their use to achieve the strategic goals of the initiator state. The article summarizes the main characteristics of economic sanctions as an instrument of foreign policy. The features of modern U.S. sanctions policy are presented. Special attention is paid to the conduct of anti-Russian sanctions by the coalition of countries led by the United States in 2022 and the assessment of the achievement of the stated goals.
American approaches to the post-crisis world order
Authors: Zamanapulov Democrit M.
Published: April 2024

The article attempts to analyze American approaches to building a world order that would meet the interests of Washington in the post-crisis era. According to the current US National Security Strategy (2022), the modern world order is characterized by a sharp escalation of contradictions between the US and countries such as Russia, China and Iran, while each of these centers of power has its own vision of a just international order, which generates the energy of conflict and leads to the use of force below the level of open hostilities. After a brief historical digression about the causes of the current crisis, the author proceeds to the study of the American vision of the international system, then analyzes the strategy by which the United States will seek to ensure a post-crisis settlement on its own terms. The article substantiates the conclusions about the causes of the current crisis; about the US strategy that will allow Washington to solve the tasks facing it at the present stage; about American approaches to the post-crisis world order.
The United States and China in the Indian Ocean: a view from New Delhi
Authors: Kupriyanov Alexey V.
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the attitude of the Indian ruling class and social groups serving it to the presence of China and the United States in the Indian Ocean. The history of this presence, its perception in Chinese, Indian and American discourse is considered. The author believes that for India's elites, China appears to be a "convenient rival" as a source of constant existential fear that will never turn into reality. This fear, however, affects Indian society so strongly that it itself becomes the subject of securitization.
Coalition Avenir Québec’s Politics: Autonomism, Nationalism and Pragmatism
Authors: Akimov Yury G.
Published: April 2024

The article deals with the mainstreams of Quebec politics under Coalition Avenir Québec (CAQ) government headed by François Legault (from 2018 to the present). It is noted that the CAQ represents a new political force in provincial politics, offering the québécois society a middle/intermediate path of development between the Liberals (federalists) and the Pequist (supporters of sovereignty). The distinctive features of this path are the desire to strengthen autonomy of Quebec in Canadian Federation, reliance on québécois nationalism, consistent and tough defense of the dominant position of the French language in the province, as well as protection and promotion of Quebec values. At the same time, Legault policy is characterized by pragmatism and a generally balanced approach to socio-economic and environmental issues. The article discusses the Act respecting the laicity of the State (Bill 21) and the Act Respecting French, the Official and Common Language of Quebec (Bill 96), adopted under the CAQ Government. It also highlights the effectiveness of the Legault government’s actions during the COVID-19 pandemic and compares the results of the 2018 and 2022 provincial elections.
Russia Group of the Biden Administration’s National Security Council Staff (2021-2022)
Authors: Minaev Maxim V.
Published: April 2024

Russia is among the Joseph Biden Administration foreign policy priorities. The article presents the Russia Group (Russia specialist’s panel) of the Joe Biden Administration National Security Council (NSC) Staff process of formation. The point at issue is officer’s group in charge of US-Russian relations. The article chronological framework - from January 2021 to January 2022. The focus of the research paper on the personalities composed the American-Russian relations responsible officer’s body in NSC. Inclusive of Senior Director for Russia and Central Asia. Andrea Kendall-Taylor and Eric Green held it position the period under review. The article consciously thinks the NSC Russia Ring main functionality and its role in the Joe Biden Administration foreign policy machine. The special attention has been given to the NSC Russian Directorate process of changes under Joe Biden Administration. Inclusive of Senior Director Job title and regions wise terms of influence. The article is also reviewing the United States Intelligence Community officers’ political role in US-Russian relations during the Joe Biden Administration.
Russia specialists panel of the Trump administration national security council
Authors: Minaev Maxim V.
Published: April 2024

The article presents the state of the Russia Group (Russia specialist’s panel) of the National Security Council (NSC) Staff in the Donald Trump Administration term. The point at issue is officer’s group in charge of US-Russian relations. The article chronological framework - from January 2017 to January 2021. The essay’s focus on the personalities who held the Senior Director for European and Russian Affairs incumbency in the NSC office. Fiona Hill, Timothy Morrison, Andrew Peek, Tom Williams and Ryan Tully held it position the period under review. The article consciously thinks the NSC Russia Ring main functionality and its role in the Donald Trump Administration foreign policy priorities. The special attention had given to the NSC Russian Directorate personnel changes under the Donald Trump Cabinet. Their main reasons are considered. The research paper also analyzes the US National Security Advisors and Senior Directors for European and Russian Affairs relationship system under the Donald Trump presidency. The article considered the National Security Advisor John Bolton influential role on the NSC Russia Group political mood and professional activities.
The changing vector of the United States climate policy in 1992-2023
Authors: Pekarnikova Marina E. , Polonskiy Alexander Borisovich
Published: April 2024

The purpose of the work is to analyze the US climate policy, starting with the preparation and signing of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992) and its Kyoto Protocol (1997) and ending with the debate on raising the US public debt ceiling by 2023. It is shown that this policy is characterized by pronounced inconsistency, which is a reflection of bipartisan disagreements and an ambiguous approach to this problem, which is demonstrated by the Congress and the Administration of the US President. The country that signed the Kyoto Protocol has not ratified it. At first, supporting the Paris Climate Agreement (2015), the United States then withdrew from it and almost immediately after that rejoined the Agreement. The reason for this inconsistency is that, in general, the two main US political parties have fundamentally different attitudes to the problem of controlling the anthropogenic climate change. Therefore, almost every change of the White House Administration, with the victory of a candidate for the US presidency from an opposition party, leads to a reversal of the climate policy vector by 180 degrees. Such political practice is one of the reasons why it is impossible to fulfill the main goal of the Paris Agreement.
Europe’s defence industry: current challenges and possible ways of development
Authors: Koroschupov Vadim O.
Published: April 2024

The main trends in the integration of the defence industry of European countries for the period 1990-2023 are considered. Some factors influencing the development of the European defence industry in the context of regional tensions on the European continent are highlighted. The level of ambitions of European countries and the influence of economic factors on them are analyzed. The research results indicate that there is a gradual integration of the European defence technological and industrial bases (EDTIB). Nevertheless, the author comes to the conclusion that in some issues the relative fragmentation of the defence industry and the duplication of certain weapons systems will remain.
Defense industry of Türkiye as a factor of domestic and foreign policy
Authors: Vernigora Alina A.
Published: April 2024

The defense industry of Türkiye has been on the rise for the last 20 years. It can provide a wide range of products that meet the needs not only of the second largest army in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, but also its allies all over the world. In this regard, the development of this sphere both contributes to the diplomatic efforts undertaken by the Republic of Türkiye and has important ideological value for the ruling Justice and Development Party. The article examines domestic and foreign policy drivers that influence the development of the national industry.
Armed forces and military-industrial complex of India in the era of global turbulence
Authors: Kupriyanov Alexey V.
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the problems of modernization of the armed forces of India and its military-industrial complex. Analyzing the ties between the military-industrial complex and the armed forces of India, the author concludes that the size of the Indian armed forces, coupled with the system of their recruitment, hinders the process of modernization. At the same time, the Indian leadership cannot agree to a reduction in the army, both for political and social and for military-strategic reasons, relying on limited reforms designed to change the process of recruiting.
The role of India as one of the key arms exporters to Myanmar (february 2021 - may 2023)
Authors: Zaitsev Ivan A.
Published: April 2024

The paper raises a question of weapon transfer to Myanmar over the past 2 years. In such dynamic process India was one of the key weapon suppliers to Myanmar military junta. The article describes the political reasons of Indian cooperation with military government of Myanmar in the field of arms transfer. The potential risks of such cooperation are also indicated. The paper highlights the statistical information related to weapons transfer from India to Myanmar.
Export of the South Korea’s defense: problems and prospects
Authors: Zueva Alexandra G.
Published: April 2024

The Republic of Korea aims to become one of the key players in the global arms market by 2027. The military conflict in Ukraine allowed South Korea not only to increase the supply of military products to NATO countries, but also win additional market share in the East Asian, taking advantage of the decline in Russian military exports. At the same time, South Korea is actively signing contracts for the supply of military equipment with the countries of the Middle East. The growth in exports of South Korean military-industrial products is due to the fact that currently the ROK’s weapons have a number of competitive advantages for buyers in Europe and the Asia-Pacific region. First of all, South Korean weapons are compatible with American systems. However, the cost of equipment from the Republic of Korea is sometimes several times lower than military-industrial complex products from the United States or Eurozone countries. However, despite the bright plans in the medium term, the Republic of Korea may face several challenges including inevitable competition with defense industry leaders such as the USA, Russia, Germany, France and the potential worsening of relations with China due to the active increase in arms supplies to India and Vietnam, that could limit the rapid growth of exports of the South Korean military-industrial complex.
Republican electoral reform project: fight for “fair” elections?
Authors: Antonov Evgeniy V. , Chestnyagina Kseniya S.
Published: April 2024

The article discusses the main provisions of the radical bill on the reform of the US electoral system introduced by the Republicans to the House of Representatives of the 118th Congress, as well as the Democrats’ electoral initiative. It is concluded in the article that the unrealistic reforms from both parties under the aegis of the fight for «fair» elections, the mistrust of which among Americans multiplies after 2020, is primarily the need to ensure their own electoral interests.
The banking phenomenon of North Carolina: from origins to the present
Authors: Nikitin Leonid V.
Published: April 2024

Although not one of the largest states and ranking just ninth in the USA in terms of population, North Carolina has been a major banking hub for several decades, second only to New York. This article focuses on the early foundations of this success and the later evolution of the North Carolina banking cluster, tracing its development through statistics from the late 1970s to the present. It is shown that an important advantage in the 19th century was the lifting of the ban on bank branching, which was not typical in the USA at that time. As a result, by the early 1980s, when the gradual liberalization of the national banking system and the abolition of territorial restrictions began, quite large banking corporations already existed in North Carolina, ready for further business expansion and operations in other parts of the country. Following a long series of mergers and acquisitions in the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s, the state's leading bank holding companies (Bank of America Corporation and Wachovia Corporation) became among the largest and most powerful financial groups in the USA. However, it soon became clear that there was another side to this extremely rapid growth: due to its deep involvement in subprime mortgages, Wachovia collapsed during the 2008 crisis. Nevertheless, Bank of America and several other large companies overcame the crisis, ensuring North Carolina maintained a strong position in the industry. To date, North Carolina's phenomenal rise remains the most significant spatial change in the US banking system since its liberalization began more than 40 years ago.
International exchanges as an instrument of american public diplomacy
Authors: Artamonova Uliana Z.
Published: April 2024

It has become clear that the development of international situation will be determined by several trends: transformation of the world order, crisis of American global leadership and confrontation between the great powers. All three are intertwined since the primary reason for confrontation is the disagreement between the great powers about how they envision the future of world order: as continuation of “rule-based order” with American leadership or as a new model, for instance, a multipolar world. Thus, the importance of methods aimed at influencing international public opinion, such as public diplomacy (PD), has increased significantly. Among the U.S. PD instruments international exchanges have always been the “crown jewel” - a slow long-term but nevertheless effective strategic tool used to gradually create a dominating global worldview beneficial for American national interests. This article examines the place the international exchanges hold within the systemic organization of the U.S. PD, identifies the main types of exchanges as well as three key focus-groups of their target audiences. Applying the transformative education’s theory author analyzes the mechanics of influence projected via the exchanges. At the end, putting together American PD systemic crisis and recent negative trends concerning participation in exchanges the article concludes that further monitoring will be required in the future.
The Biden administration nuclear posture review: a new vision?
Authors: Krivolapov Oleg O. , Stepanova Nataliya V.
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of US doctrinal documents - the Nuclear Posture Reviews of 2018 and 2022. The authors set themselves the objective of determining whether the nuclear threshold has decreased/increased during the Biden administration. Analysis of the corresponding sections of documents leads to the conclusion about continuity between the Reviews. This concerns issues of nuclear modernization, the “tailored deterrence” strategy, and regional aspects of the US nuclear deterrence. The section of the 2022 document devoted to arms control sounds relatively new, however, foreign policy landscape and virtual collapse of the modern arms control architecture do not allow the authors of the doctrine to be optimistic in this matter .
Henry Kissinger and US policy in the South of Africa
Authors: Karamaev Sergei G.
Published: April 2024

The article deals with the American policy towards the southern Africa in the era of Henry Kissinger. The main driving force behind that enterprise in this direction was the National Security Advisor and US Secretary of State during the Nixon-Ford administration. The author examines how US relations to the southern portion of this continent, Angola in particular, unfolds from virtually non-existent to almost full-scale intervention in 1970s - and makes findings of the Kissinger’s dealings with the issue.
Особливості функціонування аматорських театрів у пенітенціарних установах: історіографічний дискурс
Authors: Юдова-Романова Катерина , Борко Ігор , Матузко Олександр
Published: April 2024

Мета дослідження — проаналізувати та систематизувати виявлені наукові дослідження, у яких розглянуто роль та особливості діяльності аматорських театрів у пенітенціарних установах. Методологія дослідження. Для досягнення поставленої мети застосовано комбінацію методів: літературний аналіз — для систематизації джерел та виявлення ключових тенденцій; метааналіз — для огляду результатів попередніх досліджень і визначення загальних закономірностей; метод систематизації — для узагальнення отриманих результатів. Новизна дослідження полягає в зборі й систематизації статей і монографій закордонних та українських авторів з метою наукового осмислення потенційних гуманістичних можливостей театру в системі соціокультурних комунікативних практик. Висновок. Аналіз закордонних досліджень підтверджує актуальність теми. У значному переліку публікацій театр у в’язницях розглянуто в контексті боротьби з расизмом, системою пригноблення та іншими формами соціальної нерівності, що свідчить про різноманітність тематики досліджень і вказує на потенціал театральних програм для підтримки прав людини й створення простору для вираження в’язнів. У виявлених джерелах стверджується, що театральні практики можуть сприяти проявам емпатії серед ув’язнених учасників, що позитивно впливає на спілкування та взаємодії у в’язниці й покращує психологічний стан в’язнів. Виявлено відсутність в Україні сучасних наукових праць, спрямованих на вивчення діяльності та ролі театрів у пенітенціарних установах. Проте вказано на потенціал використання досвіду Медвеж’єгорського та Соловецького театрів, у яких працював Лесь Курбас, для подальших досліджень у цій царині. Отримані висновки вказують на широкі можливості театральної діяльності у в’язницях. Такі програми можуть не тільки сприяти подальшій соціальній адаптації в’язнів у посткарценарному періоді, а й впливати на гуманізацію самої системи кримінальної юстиції як соціальної структури загалом.
Wessex: A Landscape History
Authors: Hadrian Cook
Published: April 2024

Wessex is famous for its coasts, heaths, woodlands, chalk downland, limestone hills and gorges, settlements and farmed vales. This book provides an account of the physical form, development and operation of its landscape as it was shaped by our ancestors. Constituting no modern political entity, the Anglo-Saxon kingdom and archaeological province of ‘Wessex’ may be defined by its natural resources and connectivity by both land and sea, for its borders include the English Channel and Severn Estuary.

Following the tundra environments that dominated south of the ice sheets during the past two million years, the Wessex area experienced dramatic changes in climate, something reflected in its soils and vegetation cover. Humans hunted in the ‘wildwood’ established after the Ice Age, then cleared the land for agriculture and settlement in a 6,000 year old process. In more recent times, areas of cultural importance and nature conservation have been established as well as a thriving economy based largely on natural resources, trade and manufactures.

The region comprises the counties of Hampshire (including the Isle of Wight), Dorset, Wiltshire, historic Somerset, and Berkshire. Whether through Thomas Hardy, a water company service area, or a royal title, Wessex has lingered in the imagination and secured its place in the construction of English history. The reader is taken through not only the physical landscape, but also the human institutions that have affected its evolution, including manors, great estates, monasteries and hunting forests; major themes include the development of agriculture, settlements, industry and transport.
Satellite and Archaeological Reconnaissance in the Ṭūr ’Abdīn, Turkey
Authors: Kenneth Silver , Minna Silver , Raffaella Pappalardo , Markus Törmä
Published: April 2024

In 2014-2016 the Finnish-Swedish Archaeological Project in Mesopotamia (FSAPM) initiated a pilot study of an unexplored area in the Tūr Abdin region in Northern Mesopotamia (present-day Mardin Province in southeastern Turkey). FSAPM is reliant on satellite image data sources for prospecting, identifying, recording, and mapping largely unknown archaeological sites as well as studying their landscapes in the region. The purpose is to record and document sites in this endangered area for saving its cultural heritage. The sites in question consist of fortified architectural remains in an ancient border zone between the Graeco-Roman/Byzantine world and Parthia/Persia. The location of the archaeological sites in the terrain and the visible archaeological remains, as well as their dimensions and sizes were determined from the ortorectified satellite images, which also provided coordinates. In addition, field documentation was carried out in situ with photographs and notes. The prospecting of sites in the Ṭūr ’Abdīn satellite imagery surpassed many of the expectations. In the first directory of archaeological sites identified, 40 % are new and previously unknown, which is a small token of the huge research potential still hidden in northern Mesopotamia. Some variation appeared in the number of sites in each of the arbitrarily defined regions, and their characters appear to be quite different, too. The project has located new, important archaeological remains of the Roman military presence on the eastern border against Persia in late antiquity, and had also been able to suggest new border arrangements.
Neolithic Pits, Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age Pit Alignments and Iron Age to Roman Settlements at Wollaston Quarry, Northamptonshire
Authors: Rob Atkins , Ian Meadows
Published: April 2024

Between 1990 and 1998, MOLA (Museum of London Archaeology) undertook a series of archaeological excavations within Wollaston Quarry covering an area of 116ha. Eight excavation areas and a watching brief were undertaken. The proximity of the River Nene and at least four palaeochannels formed the dominant natural landscape features. This dynamic environment affected settlement and land use throughout prehistoric and Roman periods.

Seventeen pits, largely in small groups, were identified containing early Neolithic to late Neolithic/early Bronze Age pottery. Some of these features were located within the area of the palaeochannels. Later, of especial interest was a notable collection of eleven different late Bronze Age to early Iron Age pit alignments, which were part of a co-axial landscape over an area of 2.5km². There was also a small area of domestic activity reflected by pits dating to the early Iron Age as well as two large watering holes in other locations. The pit alignment boundaries influenced subsequent settlement from the middle Iron Age to the late Roman periods. While individual settlements and related agricultural enclosures changed location over time, they followed the same alignments as the earlier pit alignments suggesting some form of continuity for over 800 years.

In the middle to late Iron Age four separate farmsteads were established of which two overlaid the former pit alignments. All four comprised sub-rectangular enclosed farmsteads with internal roundhouses and paddocks. Towards the end of the Iron Age at least one of the middle Iron Age settlements was abandoned, while at roughly the same time an unenclosed settlement was created nearby which continued to the late Roman period. Overall, within the quarry, six new late Iron Age and Roman settlements were established and two more have been preserved without excavation. In the middle Roman period, there was extensive and organised agriculture activity which included two vineyards in two different parts of the site as well as two areas of paddock type enclosures. This level of planning suggests significant investment and could reflect the development by a villa estate. In the early to middle Saxon period there were four different areas of activity which comprised a sunken featured building, pits and a late 7th century grave of a high-status Anglian warrior burial (the latter has previously been reported on separately).
Cave Art
Authors: Paul Bahn
Published: April 2024

The decorated Ice Age caves are some of mankind’s greatest artistic achievements, and there is no substitute for seeing the caves themselves. There you can see the art – paintings, engravings, bas-reliefs, or drawings – in its original, natural setting, and stand where the artists did 30,000–10,000 years ago.

For speleologists and holidaymakers alike – indeed anyone who wants to add a visit to a cave to their itinerary – here is an essential handbook. The first guide to all the decorated Ice Age caves in Europe that are open to the public, Cave Art covers more than 50 caves in the United Kingdom, France, Spain, Portugal, and Italy, as well as relevant museums and centres.

The guide has been fully revised and updated for this new, third edition.
Džarkutan Nekropole 4A
Authors: Boriboi Abdullaev , Kai Kaniuth , Mike Teufer
Published: April 2024

Džarkutan Nekropole 4A presents a catalogue of the Late Bronze Age necropolis of Džarkutan 4a in Southern Uzbekistan. Excavated in the 1970s, the graveyard contained 719 burials of the 20th-16th c. BC, of the so-called Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex (BMAC). Apart from the site of Gonur, this is the largest scientifically studied prehistoric necropolis of Central Asia. While some material has been discussed in earlier publications, the individual descriptions of the burials and a large part of the inventories are published here for the first time. For some 350 graves, ceramic drawings or photographs were pulled together from archives, museum collections and the excavators'' personal records. About 40% of the material originally excavated - and some 60% of the complete vessels excavated - could be assembled. The catalogue is preceded by a short introduction into the culture, history, and research history of the Late Bronze Age of Central Asia, and followed by a discussion of the burial customs.
Exploring the Sacred Landscape of the Ancient Peloponnese
Authors: Eleni Marantou
Published: April 2024

Exploring the Sacred Landscape of the Ancient Peloponnese traces the origins of the religious system of the Peloponnese to identify the factors behind its subsequent development from the Geometric to the Classical period. Which deities found favour in the Peloponnese? What factors lay behind local religious manifestations? What were their special attributes? How were the Olympian gods adapted within the context of previous religious systems and deities?

Through a presentation of cult places, the deities worshipped, and the epithets used, the book explores preferences for particular deities and the reasons for this. The chthonian attributes of the deities are an important factor, and such attributes are further elucidated by the myths that accompany them.

Reconstructing the ancient religious landscape and the political, economic and social context sheds light on how the cult places played their role and demonstrates how the primitive chthonian character of some deities survived over the years. Religious and political needs were combined, and a network of sacred places with significant prestige, authority and power was the result.
Improving Vietnam’s Electronic Evidence Law in the Industry 4.0 Era
Authors: Nguyen Bich Thao
Published: April 2024

This paper reviews the current legal framework for electronic evidence in civil litigation in Vietnam and assesses whether such changes are sufficient to meet the demand of the Industry 4.0 era. The paper finds that despite major changes in Vietnam’s civil litigation and the increased adoption of electronic evidence, the current legal framework has not been able to keep up with the new context, even with the new Law on Electronic Transactions 2023. As a result, Vietnamese courts and litigants encounter numerous challenges in dealing with this new form of evidence. This paper identifies these challenges through analysis of the legislation and court decisions and makes recommendations for Vietnam based on China’s experience.
Pengaruh Media Berbasis Aplikasi SWAY Terhadap Pengembangan Bahasa Inggris Anak
Authors: Arkanasya Ummayah Yasifa
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh rendahnya pengembangan pengajaran bahasa Inggris yang dilakukan oleh guru dan kurangnya guru dalam memvariasikan media pembelajaran dalam pengajaran berbahasa Inggris untuk anak usia dini sehingga tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh media berbasis aplikasi sway terhadap perkembangan bahasa Inggris anak di Taman Kanak-kanak Harapan Kita Ranah Pesisir. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif yang berbentuk quasi eksperiman. Teknik pengumpulan data digunakan adalah lembar observasi, kemudian data diolah dengan uji perbedaan (t-test) dengan menggunakan bantuan aplikasi SPSS 22.00 for windows. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa data berdistribusi normalserta homogen. Pada uji hipotesis dengan independent sample t-test nilai sig (2-tailed) 0,000 < 0,05. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa media berbasis aplikasi sway terbukti berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan bahasa Inggris anak.
Kata Kunci : Aplikasi sway, bahasa Inggris
MENINGKATKAN MOTORIK HALUS MELALUI TEKNIK POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT DENGAN MEDIA PLAYDOUGH PADA ANAK USIA 3-4 TAHUN
Authors: Indah Sari Fitri
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan motorik halus melalui teknik positive reinforcement dengan media playdough pada anak usia 3-4 tahun di Layanan Psikologi Psynergy Indonesia. Berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan psikologi kemandirian sosial yang telah dilakukan ditemukan bahwa aspek kemandirian sosial yang kurang berkembang adalah aspek motorik halus. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian eksperimen dengan desain penelitian yaitu one group pre and posttest design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah anak usia 3-4 tahun yang melakukan pemeriksaan psikologi kemandirian sosial di Layanan Psikologi Psynergy Indonesia. Pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 3 orang anak. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah instrumen checklist, observasi, dan tes psikologi. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis trend analysis. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan titik akhir garis median (garis berwarna hitam) berada di atas titik akhir garis skor awal-akhir (garis biru) sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa positive reinforcement dengan media playdough terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan motorik halus anak usia 3-4 tahun di Layanan Psikologi Psynergy Indonesia.
Comparative Study of Linguistic Register Between Two Region : A Review
Authors: Thorat Shantanu , Pratima Salunkhe
Published: April 2024

Language Register is also called as Linguistic Register which determines how to express yourself in the set of Language Varieties in various ways with the help of vocabulary, formation, and some grammar. Language Register matters everywhere while communicating with another individual. In each type of register provides rich opportunities for content, topic, location including speech and writing activities. Differentiating the two relative major District’s Pune and Ahmednagar in Language Register. Why Pune district is most popular, education leading, opportunity oriented and Ahmednagar is less developed, culture oriented and cultivation.
Fármacos Anticorpos Monoclonais para o Tratamento do Câncer: uma Perspectiva Brasileira
Authors: Menezes Júlia Teixeira de , Theisen Maria Carolina , Flores Vanessa da Costa , Fumagalli Fernando
Published: April 2024

Introdução: Os anticorpos monoclonais (mAb) são alternativa terapêutica importante no tratamento do câncer. Porém, o acesso a essa terapia é desigual entre países com diferentes rendas. Objetivo: Comparar os fármacos mAb aprovados para uso contra câncer nos EUA com os aprovados no Brasil e discutir, por meio do mecanismo de ação, alternativas terapêuticas disponíveis. Método: A lista de fármacos mAb aprovados pelo FDA foi coletada de publicação prévia e complementada com dados presentes no site dessa agência, assim como mecanismo de ação, data de aprovação e indicações clínicas foram obtidos das bulas dos medicamentos nesse mesmo site. Da mesma forma, os dados de data de aprovação pela Anvisa foram obtidos em consultas ao site dessa agência. Os fármacos foram tabelados e organizados conforme características estruturais e separados em quatro grandes grupos, conforme seu mecanismo de ação. Resultados: Até 2022, 48 mAb foram aprovados para uso contra o câncer pelo FDA. Destes, 37 foram aprovados pela Anvisa para uso no Brasil, com tempo médio entre aprovação no exterior e no Brasil próximo a dois anos. A maioria dos mAb são humanos ou humanizados (77%) e variam bastante com relação ao mecanismo de ação, sendo o antígeno de linfócitos B CD20 e o checkpoint imunológico PD-1/PD-L1 os principais alvos dos mAb avaliados. Conclusão: Apesar de alguns fármacos aprovados no exterior ainda não estarem aprovados no Brasil, o atraso para registro não parece estar relacionado à demora da Anvisa. Além disso, para a maioria dos casos de fármacos ainda não aprovados no Brasil, existem alternativas terapêuticas disponíveis.
Eficácia e Segurança do Blinatumomabe no Tratamento da Leucemia Linfoblástica Aguda: Revisão Sistemática da Literatura
Authors: Gonçalves Renan do Nascimento , Nascimento Aline , Chança Raphael Duarte , Barufaldi Laura Augusta
Published: April 2024

Introdução: As opções de tratamento convencionais para leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA) são a quimioterapia, a transfusão de sangue e o transplante de medula óssea. O blinatumomabe é uma forma mais recente de tratamento que utiliza a tecnologia de um anticorpo biespecífico para o combate da LLA. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia e a segurança do blinatumomabe para tratamento de pacientes com LLA por meio de uma revisão sistemática. Método: Estudos sobre a temática foram pesquisados nas bases de dados Cochrane, Embase, LILACS e PubMed. Foram utilizadas as ferramentas Rayyan e EndNote para o gerenciamento de referências. Etapas de seleção, extração e avaliação da qualidade foram conduzidas em dupla e as divergências foram resolvidas por consenso. A qualidade das evidências obtidas e o risco de viés foram avaliados com as ferramentas GRADE e RoB 2 da Cochrane. Resultados: Foram incluídos para análise cinco artigos científicos referentes a três ensaios clínicos randomizados multicêntricos e internacionais. Os resultados relacionados à sobrevida global, à sobrevida livre de progressão e a eventos adversos foram superiores no grupo blinatumomabe comparado com a quimioterapia convencional. A análise de risco de viés mostrou algumas preocupações para os desfechos sobrevida livre de progressão e eventos adversos, principalmente em razão do cegamento dos participantes, o que também determinou que o grau de certeza das evidências fosse classificado como moderado. Conclusão: Aumento da sobrevida e menor taxa de eventos adversos foram observados para o grupo blinatumomabe, sugerindo que o medicamento é mais eficaz e seguro quando comparado à quimioterapia convencional para o tratamento da LLA.
Niños muy prematuros con hemorragia intraventricular extensa: evolución neurológica y escolaridad a largo plazo
Authors: Salas Núñez Rodrigo , Gaete Sepúlveda Raquel , Salas Fontecilla Javier , Suárez Uriales Nelson , Salas Fontecilla Felipe
Published: April 2024

La hemorragia intraventricular extensa (HIVE) en niños muy prematuros (NMP) conlleva mortalidad y graves secuelas a largo plazo.Objetivos: Conocer las patologías neurológicas más frecuentes asociadas a HIVE, determinar los resultados funcionales de movilidad en el área motora y capacidad intelectual en el área cognitiva, analizar la asociación entre ambas áreas y conocer la escolaridad alcanzada.Pacientes y Método:Estudio descriptivo y longitudinal en NMP con HIVE nacidos entre 2001 y 2014, se les realizó seguimiento neurológico protocolizado hasta la edad escolar. Los resultados funcionales en movilidad y capacidad intelectual fueron categorizados en 4 niveles: nivel 1 corresponde a buena funcionalidad y autovalencia; nivel 2, funcionalidad que permite independencia, con apoyo en algunas tareas; nivel 3 requiere de un constante apoyo externo; y nivel 4 en que existe una total dependencia. Para la asociación se usó Chi cuadrado y coeficiente V de Cramer.Resultados: Se incluyeron 74 niños, las patologías neurológicas más frecuentes fueron trastornos del neurodesarrollo, hidrocefalia hipertensiva y epilepsia. La movilidad independiente (normal o con limitaciones) alcanzó un 74,4% y con silla de ruedas el 24,3%. El 51,3% se categorizó en rango intelectual normal a limítrofe, con discapacidad intelectual leve un 12,2%, moderada un 17,6% y severa a profunda un 19,9%. Hubo fuerte asociación estadística entre niveles funcionales de movilidad y capacidad intelectual (p < 0,000 y V = 0,62). La escolaridad fue proporcional a la capacidad intelectual; el 56,8% asistió a escuelas regulares, 27,0% a escuelas especiales y el 16,2% sin escolaridad.Conclusión: 2/3 de los NMP con HIVE mostraron resultados funcionales positivos, desde normal a leves limitaciones que permiten una vida casi autónoma, en 1/3 los resultados fueron desfavorables en movilidad y desempeño cognitivo, hubo fuerte correlación estadística entre ambas áreas estudiadas. La escolaridad fue concordante con el nivel intelectual.
Síndrome de Alagille por deleción del gen JAG1. Una causa poco frecuente
Authors: Avila-Jaque Diana , Díaz Catherine , Pardo Rosa
Published: April 2024

El síndrome de Alagille (SALG) es una enfermedad autosómica dominante y multisistémica, que suele manifestarse con colestasia, anomalías cardiacas, oculares, esqueléticas, vasculares, renales y rasgos faciales particulares. La mayoría de los casos se deben a variantes en el gen JAG1, siendo muy pocas de ellas deleciones completas del gen.Objetivo: Contribuir a la delimitación fenotípica e interpretación de una microdeleción no descrita previamente en la literatura en el cromosoma 20.Caso Clínico: Paciente de sexo femenino, a quién a los 4 meses de vida se le detectó un soplo cardíaco. El ecocardiograma evidenció estenosis de ramas pulmonares, lo que, junto con el hallazgo de una frente prominente en el examen físico, motivó su derivación a genética clínica. Debido a la sospecha de SALG, se realizaron estudios complementarios que revelaron vértebras en mariposa y un panel genético que identificó una deleción patogénica en heterocigosis, abarcando toda la secuencia codificante del gen JAG1. Para descartar una deleción más extensa, se realizó un cariotipo molecular confirmándose una microdeleción patogénica en el cromosoma 20 de 378 kb (arr[GRCh37] 20p12.2(10414643_10792802)x1).Conclusiones: La secuenciación con panel dirigido y posterior confirmación con microarreglo para cariotipo molecular, permitieron identificar y delimitar una microdeleción patogénica no reportada previamente en la literatura, la cual incluye el gen JAG1 completo, en una paciente chilena cuyo fenotipo es concordante con SALG.
“I Am Not Complaining”
Authors: Torres-Arends Irene , Jacobsen Michele
Published: April 2024

This study explores the learning needs of international students at a Canadian private university. Through a qualitative content analysis of 580 students’ emails, we identified and examined 819 requests and complaints The analysis highlighted trends about due dates, assignment resubmissions, regrading, and plagiarism issues, leading to the identification of five primary needs: improved internet access and digital literacy support, acknowledgment of cultural differences, assignment design without assumptions, accessible learning management systems, and inclusive learning environments. These findings underline the necessity of empathetic listening to develop strategies that facilitate international students' transition to Canadian higher education, enhancing their learning experiences. The research suggests innovative approaches for incorporating international students' perspectives into course and program design, advocating for active engagement with these students to create educational environments that are inclusive and responsive to their unique needs.