bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Minimização do Consumo de Energia de Dispositivos Sem Fio em Ambientes Industriais
Authors: Da Silva Marcus Vasconcelos , Silva Gabriel Galdino , Gomes Rafael Lopes
Published: February 2021

Recentemente a era da Internet das Coisas Industrial (IIoT) emergiu a fim de garantir a produção eficiente e sustentável para o contexto de Industria 4.0. Uma abordagem promissora para implantar ambientes IIoT é o uso da tecnologia IEEE 802.11 como forma de comunicação sem fio. Contudo, a configuração usual da tecnologia IEEE 802.11 resulta em maior consumo de energia dos dispositivos IIoT, devido ao tamanho dos pacotes transmitidos. Dentro deste contexto, este artigo apresenta um método de compressão de dados para reduzir a quantidade de dados a serem transmitidos, com o objetivo de minimizar o consumo de energia dos dispositivos nesses cenários. Experimentos realizados em um cenário de teste real sugerem a redução do consumo de energia quando o método proposto é aplicado ao contexto IIoT.
Extração, Integração e Importação de Dados Heterogêneos em Cidades Inteligentes: Um Mapeamento Sistemático
Authors: Almeida João Gabriel Quaresma , Silva Jorge Pereira , Cavalcante Everton Ranielly de Sousa , Batista Thais Vasconcelos
Published: February 2021

Dados exercem um papel fundamental em cidades inteligentes, sendo utilizados por usuários e aplicações para os mais diferentes propósitos. Como consequência da diversidade de dispositivos e sistemas existentes e da falta de padronização em termos de modelos, protocolos e formatos de dados adotados, observa-se que os dados de cidades inteligentes sãso bastante heterogêneos. Tal heterogeneidade impõe dificuldades ao desenvolvimento de aplicações e utilização desses dados, fazendo com que seja necessário investigar estratégias e soluções para extração, integração e importação de dados em ambientes de cidades inteligentes. A fim de prover um panorama do atual estado da arte com relação a esse tópico, foi realizado um mapeamento sistemático no qual 28 estudos disponíveis na literatura foram coletados e analisados para identificar estratégias, metodologias e facilidades existentes para apoiar e implementar essas atividades. Este artigo apresenta os principais resultados do mapeamento sistemático realizado, bem como um conjunto de desafios de pesquisa e desenvolvimento que podem direcionar trabalhos futuros.
Classificação do Modo de Transporte e Propósito de Viagem Baseada em Dados Socioeconômicos
Authors: Figueiredo de Souza Soares Elton , Vieira Campos Carlos  Alberto
Published: February 2021

Características socioeconômicas, como renda e idade, podem influenciar os padrões de mobilidade observados nos residentes de uma cidade que por sua vez podem ser restringidos pelas opções e qualidade dos meios de transporte disponibilizados. Dado isso, uma das principais tarefas durante a caracterização de dados de mobilidade é a identificação dos meios de transporte utilizados mais frequentemente durante o deslocamento dos cidadãos, assim como dos propósitos de suas viagens. Este trabalho, propõe uma técnica para identificação dos meios de transporte utilizados em uma viagem assim como o seu propósito, baseando-se somente em variáveis socioeconômicas. O método proposto é avaliado através de experimentos de validação cruzada utilizando uma base de dados pública da cidade de Nova Iorque. Através da comparação das matrizes de confusão da obtidas com diferentes algoritmos de aprendizado supervisionado é possível concluir que o método proposto apresenta um desempenho similar as demais técnicas na classificação do propósito da viagem, com acurácia de 67%, e superior para a classificação do modo de transporte, com acurácia de 82%.
A Transportation System Model Based on Smart Autonomous Vehicles with Distributed Coordination
Authors: Camacho Novaes de Oliveira Amanda , Bhaya Amit , Ratton Figueiredo Daniel
Published: February 2021

Public transportation in urban centers is of fundamental importance, being a widely investigated topic. Smart autonomous vehicles (SAVs) present a great potential in revolutionizing transportation systems in urban areas, providing more flexible and efficient solutions. This work proposes a new transportation model based on SAVs that provides a station-based, point-to-point service, with distributed coordination. The model offers two different modes of operation, one with exclusive rides, and the other with ride sharing between clients. A simulator has been developed, through which the system’s characteristics are analyzed, and the two modes of operation compared. It was observed that with the increase in the system client demand over time the ride sharing mode gets more efficient than the mode with exclusive rides, both in terms to the average time required to deliver clients and the total distance traveled.
Mobilidata: Um sistema para análise do transporte coletivo municipal
Authors: Razera Tatiele Martins , Camillo Junior Ademir , Janotte Sandro , Da Silva Luís , Faustinelli Roberto
Published: February 2021

A gestão pública municipal é uma tarefa complexa, a qual demanda especialistas e tecnologias de auxílio na gestão municipal. Na área de mobilidade, as dificuldades estão cada dia mais visíveis, devido ao aumento da população e consequentemente veículos em circulação. De forma a contribuir com especialistas de trânsito, foi criado o Mobilidata, um sistema que permite a análise do transporte coletivo (público) municipal, a partir da ferramenta é possível verificar localidades com carência de transporte, além dos horários e locais com maior circulação de veículos destinados ao transporte coletivo, entre outras funcionalidades, para auxiliar os gestores na verificação de demandas e problemas do transporte urbano no município.
Semi-Automatic Data Annotation guided by Feature Space Projection
Authors: Benato Bárbara C. , Telea Alexandru C. , Falcão Alexandre X.
Published: February 2021

Data annotation using visual inspection (supervision) of each training sample can be laborious. Interactive solutions alleviate this by helping experts propagate labels from a few supervised samples to unlabeled ones based solely on the visual analysis of their feature space projection (with no further sample supervision). We present a semi-automatic data annotation approach based on suitable feature space projection and semi-supervised label estimation. We validate our method on the popular MNIST dataset and on images of human intestinal parasites with and without fecal impurities, a large and diverse dataset that makes classification very hard. We evaluate two approaches for semi-supervised learning from the latent and projection spaces, to choose the one that best reduces user annotation effort and also increases classification accuracy on unseen data. Our results demonstrate the added-value of visual analytics tools that combine complementary abilities of humans and machines for more effective machine learning.
Features transfer learning for image and video recognition tasks
Authors: Dos Santos Fernando Pereira , Ponti Moacir Antonelli
Published: February 2021

Feature transfer learning aims to reuse knowledge previously acquired in some source dataset to apply it in another target data and/or task. A requirement for the transfer of knowledge is the quality of feature spaces obtained, in which deep learning methods are widely applied since those provide discriminative and general descriptors. In this context, the main questions include: what to transfer; how to transfer; and when to transfer. Hence, we address these questions through distinct learning paradigms, transfer learning techniques, and several datasets and tasks. Therefore, our contributions are: an analysis of multiple descriptors contained in supervised deep networks; a new generalization metric that can be applied to any model and evaluation system; and a new architecture with a loss function for semi-supervised deep networks, in which all available data provide the learning.
Banknote Identification Methodology for Visually Impaired People
Authors: Sousa Leonardo P. , Britto Neto Laurindo S. , Veras Rodrigo M. S.
Published: February 2021

Around the world, there are many people with disabilities; it is estimated that 39 million people are blind and 246 million have limited vision, giving a total of 285 million visually impaired people. The use of information and communication technologies can help disabled people to achieve greater independence, quality of life and inclusion in social activities by increasing, maintaining or improving their functional capacities. In this context, this paper presents an automatic methodology for identifying banknotes that can be widely used by people with visual impairment. For this, we evaluated a set of four point-of-interest detectors, two descriptors, seven ways of generating the image signature, and six classification methodologies, which can be used as a basis for the development of applications for the identification of banknotes. Experiments performed on US Dollar (USD), Euro (EUR) and Brazilian Real Banknotes (BRL) obtained rates of accuracy of 99.78%, 99.12%, and 96.92%, respectively.
Low-Dose Computed Tomography Filtering Using Geodesic Distances
Authors: Góes Daniel A. , Mascarenhas Nelson D. A.
Published: February 2021

Due to the concerns related to patient exposure to X-ray, the dosage used in computed tomography must be reduced (Low-dose Computed Tomography - LDCT). One of the effects of LDCT is the degradation in the quality of the final reconstructed image. In this work, we propose a method of filtering LDCT sinograms that are subject to signal-dependent Poisson noise. To filter this type of noise, we use a Bayesian approach, changing the Non-local Means (NLM) algorithm to use geodesic stochastic distances for Gamma distribution, the conjugate prior to Poisson, as a similarity metric between each projection point. Among the geodesic distances evaluated, we found a closed solution for the Shannon entropy for Gamma distributions. We compare our method with the following methods based on NLM: PoissonNLM, Stochastic Poisson NLM, Stochastic Gamma NLM and the original NLM after Anscombe transform. We also compare with BM3D after Anscombe transform. Comparisons are made on the final images reconstructed by the Filtered-Back Projection (FBP) and Projection onto Convex Sets (POCS) methods using the metrics PSNR and SSIM.
Mapping the Unseen: Exploiting Super-Resolution for Semantic Segmentation in Low-Resolution Images
Authors: Pereira Matheus B. , Dos Santos Jefersson Alex
Published: February 2021

High-resolution aerial images are usually not accessible or affordable. On the other hand, low-resolution remote sensing data is easily found in public open repositories. The problem is that the low-resolution representation can compromise pattern recognition algorithms, especially semantic segmentation. In this M.Sc. dissertation1 , we design two frameworks in order to evaluate the effectiveness of super-resolution in the semantic segmentation of low-resolution remote sensing images. We carried out an extensive set of experiments on different remote sensing datasets. The results show that super-resolution is effective to improve semantic segmentation performance on low-resolution aerial imagery, outperforming unsupervised interpolation and achieving semantic segmentation results comparable to highresolution data.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TECHNIQUES OF VISUALIZATION OF DISTRIBUTIONS FOR GEOGRAPHICAL DATA
Authors: Silva Edcley , Ferreira Nivan , Miranda Fabio
Published: February 2021

Currently, technological advances have revolutionized the way natural phenomena are studied. Natural phenomena can be represented through distributions of geographic data that are a rich source of information and can be explored in different ways. One of them is the representation of uncertainty through the distribution of probability. Modeling the uncertainty of this type of distribution and representing it in geographic visualization is complicated because maps (common types of geographic visualization) need the visual environment to represent geographic space and there are not many ways to represent any other information. One of the ways often used as a solution is statistical summarization such as mean, but summarizing the data alone may can hide the data’s behavior and generates ambiguity. The concealment of the uncertainty of the data in visualization can be justified by the way the uncertainty is represented that may not be understood by the user. Technical proposals have been proposed to represent distributions, but generally they only represent the presence and spread of uncertainty recently others approaches based on probability of proportion of data, animation and interaction have proposed to make quantification of probability, but have not been used or compared formally for geographic data. The objective was qualitatively compare main approaches to visualize probability distributions on a geographical scenario (includes factors such as distance, size and variation), using the recent proposed approaches in the context of abstract data, analytical tasks and user study. The results show which approach has the better performance in the presented cases.
Efficient Deep Learning Architectures for Face Presentation Attack Detection
Authors: De Souza Gustavo Botelho , Papa João Paulo , Marana Aparecido Nilceu
Published: February 2021

Biometric systems are common in our everyday life: from our mobile devices to huge surveillance systems. Despite the higher difficulty to circumvent biometric applications, criminals are simulating traits such as face or fingerprints of valid users (presentation attacks - PA), in order to fool the security applications. Deep neural networks have obtained state-of-theart results in PA detection. However, in many cases, they are computationally expensive, being not feasible in environments with hardware restrictions, such as mobile ones. In this sense, we propose efficient deep learning architectures for PA detection, especially for face recognition systems, able to be trained and deployed even when there is low computational power available.
"LeukNet" - A Model of Convolutional Neural Network for the Diagnosis of Leukemia
Authors: Vogado Luis H. S. , Veras Rodrigo M. S. , Aires Kelson R. T.
Published: February 2021

Leukemia is a disorder that affects the bone marrow, causing uncontrolled production of leukocytes, impairing the transport of oxygen and causing blood coagulation problems. In this article, we propose a new computational tool, named LeukNet, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture based on the VGG-16 convolutional blocks, to facilitate the leukemia diagnosis from blood smear images. We evaluated different architectures and fine-tuning methods using 18 datasets containing 3536 images with distinct characteristics of color, texture, contrast, and resolution. Additionally, data augmentation operations were applied to increase the training set by up to 20 times. The k-fold cross-validation (k = 5) results achieved 98.28% of accuracy. A cross-dataset validation technique, named LeaveOne-Dataset-Out Cross-Validation (LODOCV), is also proposed to evaluate the developed model’s generalization capability. The accuracy of using LODOCV on the ALL-IDB 1, ALL-IDB 2, and UFG datasets was 97.04%, 82.46%, and 70.24%, respectively, overcoming the current state-of-the-art results and offering new guidelines for image-based computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems in this area.
Aplicação de Textura e Rugosidade Procedurais para Modelagem de Sujeira e Desgaste em Superfícies
Authors: Fragoso Bianca F. D. , Celes Waldemar
Published: February 2021

Neste trabalho, são discutidas algumas técnicas de criação de imperfeições de superfícies, com o objetivo de deixá-las mais realistas. Para criação de imperfeições, serão utilizadas técnicas de geração de texturas e mapas de rugosidades (bumps) procedurais, usando o ruído de Perlin como principal ferramenta. O ruído é usado para modelar sujeiras e corrosões. Experimentos computacionais demonstram a efetividade da técnica.
Study of Convolutional Neural Networks applied to Image Stereo Matching
Authors: Ponce João Pedro Poloni , Suyama Ricardo
Published: February 2021

Stereo images are images formed from two or more sources that capture the same scene so that it is possible to infer the depth of the scene under analysis. The use of convolutional neural networks to compute these images has been shown to be a viable alternative due to its speed in finding the correspondence between the images. This raises questions related to the influence of structural parameters, such as size of kernel, stride and pooling policy on the performance of the neural network. To this end, this work sought to reproduce an article that deals with the topic and to explore the influence of the parameters mentioned above in function of the results of error rate and losses of the neural model. The results obtained reveal improvements. The influence of the parameters on the training time of the models was also notable, even using the GPU, the temporal difference in the training period between the maximum and minimum limits reached a ratio of six times.
An Automatic Contrast Validation Approach for Smartphone Themes
Authors: Khurshid Aasim , Gil Adriano , Guimarães Felipe Augusto Souza , Gadelha Mikhail , Fernandes Everlandio
Published: February 2021

The smartphone themes submitted to the themestore are first evaluated by human experts to ensure a pleasant visual experience1. One of the main challenges in smartphone themes evaluation is to validate the contrast of the elements of the theme. Contrast refers to the difference in visual properties that makes an object distinguishable from other objects and the background. In this work, we propose an automatic themes evaluation approach that validates the contrast of Android smartphone themes among regular and non-regular at the element level. To localize the contrast affected regions, the proposed themes evaluation is divided into two phases: 1) Element extraction; and 2) Contrast evaluation. For element extraction, a customized framework is created that utilizes native Android frameworks. Following, these elements are analyzed by using a specifically designed Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for smartphone theme elements contrast evaluation. The proposed approach is evaluated on two databases which are composed of using the real Android themes. Experiments suggest that our proposed contrast-detection network can obtain a better performance than the known state-of-the-art classification methods, in smartphone themes evaluation, based on evaluation measures like Accuracy, F1 score, processing time and others.
Preisdruck in globalen Wertschöpfungsketten und seine Auswirkungen auf Gewalt und Belästigung am Arbeitsplatz
Authors: Anner Mark
Published: February 2021

Machtungleichgewichte in den globalen Wertschöpfungsketten (GWK) werden mit Niedriglöhnen, langen Arbeitszeiten und Verletzungen der Koalitionsfreiheit in Verbindung gebracht. Weniger gut ist untersucht, wie sich die Machtungleichgewichte in den GWK auf die Arbeitsintensität sowie auf Gewalt und Belästigungen am Arbeitsplatz auswirken. Dieser Beitrag versucht diese Lücke durch Umfragen in der indischen Textilexportindustrie zu schließen. Den Befunden zufolge berichten 64 % der Arbeiter*innen, sie hätten bereits verbale Übergriffe erlebt, in den meisten Fällen, weil sie vom Management aufgezwungene Produktionsziele nicht erfüllt hatten. Lösungsansätze für solche Probleme setzen eine Ratifikation der ILO-Konvention 190 und Veränderungen der länderspezifischen Vorschriften voraus. Außerdem müssen die Unternehmen an der Spitze der GWK ihre Einkaufspraktiken ändern, wenn diese zur Gewalt am Arbeitsplatz beitragen, und sich in ihren Wertschöpfungsketten auf bindende Abkommen einlassen, durch die Gewalt und Belästigung am Arbeitsplatz verhindert werden, wie es an dem neuen Abkommen aus Lesotho deutlich wird.
Kollektives Handeln als Voraussetzung für die wirtschaftliche und soziale Aufwertung. Theoretische Überlegungen und Beispiele aus landwirtschaftlichen Lieferketten
Authors: Scherrer Christoph , Karatepe Ismail Doga
Published: February 2021

Der Beitrag unterstreicht die Bedeutung des kollektiven Handelns und die Rolle des Staates bei der Verbesserung der sozialen und wirtschaftlichen Bedingungen von Landarbeitern und Kleinbauern. Die Autoren argumentieren, dass wirtschaftliche Aufwertung nicht automatisch zu sozialer Aufwertung für Arbeiter und Kleinproduzenten führt, und sie untersuchen die Bedingungen, die einer sozialen Aufwertung förderlich sind. Die asymmetrischen Machtverhältnisse zwischen den Akteuren in der landwirtschaftlichen Wertschöpfungskette errichten Barrieren, die die soziale Aufwertung von Kleinbauern und Landarbeitern behindern. Durch kollektive Aktionen der gegenwärtig in den landwirtschaftlichen Wertschöpfungsketten Unterprivilegierten und durch die Bemühungen der Staaten können diese Barrieren abgebaut werden. Ausgehend von keynesianischer Entwicklungstheorie, Arbeitsmarkttheorien und dem Machtressourcenansatz dokumentiert der Beitrag drei erfolgreiche Beispiele aus Pakistan und Brasilien, wo kollektives Handeln und staatliches Engagement Barrieren gegen die Aufwertung teilweise abgebaut haben.
A Consumers’ Europe? Common Market Governance Between Consumers and Commerce, 1960s-1990s
Authors: ZON Koen VAN
Published: February 2021

With the creation of the common market, citizens of the member states became European consumers. The history of consumer governance in the EEC therefore touches upon the legitimation of European integration. In that light, this article traces the institutionalisation of consumer representation in the EEC from the 1960s to the 1990s, and connects this development with the way in which EEC institutions conceptualised the consumer interest. It shows that during the 1970s, the emerging structures for consumer governance came with representations of the consumer as a powerless figure vis-à-vis big corporations, reflecting the powerlessness of the structures of consumer governance within the EEC. Although the consumer was portrayed as a pivotal figure in the completion of the internal market from the mid-1980s onward, this increase in power was merely rhetorical, and institutional changes largely cosmetic. All in all, consumer protection governance remained a relatively weak force of social protection within the EEC.
Comparing the Apelin Level in Hypertensive Patients Who Received Hypertension Drugs
Authors: Hemmati Mina , Abharzanjani Fatemeh , Kazemi Tooba , Estanesti Fateme
Published: February 2021

Background: Apelin, an adipokine secreted from adipose tissue, plays an important role in regulating blood pressure and hypertension. Objectives: The current study aimed to compare the plasma Apelin level in hypertensive patients under treatment with amlodipine, losartan, and amlodipine + losartan. Methods: In this case-control study, the serum level of Apelin was compared in four groups of (A) Healthy subjects (n = 31); (B) Hypertensive patients, received amlodipine (n = 31); Hypertensive patients, received losartan (n = 45); and patients (n = 33) that received amlodipine and losartan. Apelin level in serum samples was measured using Human Apelin ELISA Kit according to the manufacturers’ instructions. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 19 (Chicago: SPSS Inc.), at the significant level of α = 0.05. Results: The mean blood level of Apelin in the control group and groups receiving amlodipine, losartan, and amlodipine + losartan was 366.16 ± 36.04, 247.19 ± 27.77, 282.93 ± 47.08, and 289.84 ± 32.20 g/dl, respectively. Losartan + amlodipine group had a higher level of Apelin compared with amlodipine alone (P < 0.05). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that Apelin has a definite protective effect in preventing hypertension. Also, according to the results, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors, such as losartan, caused a higher increase in the Apelin, resulting in better blood pressure control.
LA CRÍTICA DE LA ONTOLOGÍA. TRES ARGUMENTOS DE MICHEL HENRY
Authors: Belvedere Carlos
Published: February 2021

La crítica de la ontología ocupa un lugar preponderante en la filosofía de Michel Henry. No obstante, los términos en que se expresa son diversos según los contextos argumentales en que se despliegan. En este trabajo distingo tres argumentos con los que Henry cuestiona la ontología en distintas obras y períodos de su filosofía; a saber: (1) la crítica del monismo ontológico; (2) la crítica del monismo fenomenológico; (3) la crítica de la ontología. Una vez expuestos, indago el modo en que estos argumentos han sido tratados en la bibliografía secundaria. Concluyo con algunas reflexiones en cuanto al alcance de las variaciones terminológicas y argumentativas propias de estos tres argumentos y expresando una preferencia personal por la tercera y última formulación.The critique of ontology is preponderant in the philosophy of Michel Henry. However, the terms in which it is expressed are diverse according to the different lines of argument. In my paper I distinguish three arguments with which Henry challenges ontology in three different works and periods of his philosophy; namely: (1) the critique of ontological monism; (2) the critique of phenomenological monism; (3) the critique of ontology. Once exposed those arguments, I describe how they have been received in the secondary literature. I conclude with some reflections on the terminological and argumentative variations characteristic of these three arguments and I express my personal preference for the third, last formulation.
HUSSERL. CUERPO PROPIO Y ALIENACIÓN
Authors: Venebra Muñoz Marcela
Published: February 2021

En este artículo intento aclarar qué significa la distinción yo / cuerpo (propio), en el contexto de los análisis de la constitución de Ideas II. Me interesa el énfasis husserliano en la dimensión constituida del cuerpo propio, del cuerpo como «haber» del yo en que desembocan las descripciones del cuerpo vivido. Esta posesión señala una condición antropológica fundamental y entraña la posibilidad de su enajenación o no reconocimiento. En un primer momento describo la esfera vivida del cuerpo propio, su condición animal en los términos husserlianos de la segunda parte de Ideas II; en el segundo apartado expongo la problemática de la constitución de la propiedad del cuerpo en relación con los niveles constitutivos del yo (pasivo o activo); finalmente, en un tercer apartado desarrollo los aspectos principales de la alienación o enajenación del yo y el cuerpo a través de experiencias cenestésicas e hiperestésicas en las que la sensibilidad primaria parece opacar la fuerza del yo libre y activo. En cada momento o nivel se muestra el hiatum yo / cuerpo, la condición de una conciencia irreductible al cuerpo y de un cuerpo inapresable en los límites del yo, como conciencia en vigilia.In this paper I wish to clarify the I/(own) living body distinction, an issue that arises from constitutive analysis in Ideas II. I am interested in Husserlian insistence on the constituted dimension of the own living body, the body as the “have” of I, where all descriptions of living body arrive. This possession points to the fundamental anthropological condition and encloses the possibility of being alienated or not recognized. The first step is to describe the lived sphere of the own body, its animal condition, as exposed in the second part of Ideas II. The second part is aimed at disclosing the constitution of bodily “owness” in relation to different constitutive levels. Finally, in the third part I delve into most important features of alienation of the I and the body through kinaesthetic and hiperaestetic experiences, in which primary sensitivity seems to numb the force of free and active I. The hiatum between I and body reveals itself as awake consciousness on every level of constitution, and it is the condition for a consciousness irreducible to the body and a body which is not apprehended in the limits of I.
Bringing Mathematical Life to Favorite Books
Authors: Morrow-Leong Kimberly , Moore Sara Delano , Gojak Linda M.
Published: February 2021

Reading mathematics picture books to children increases interest in mathematics, strengthens vocabulary, and can improve achievement.
Influência do regime de cortes sobre a produção e valor nutricional de trigo cv. BRS Umbu para forragem
Authors: Carletto Rodolfo , Leão Guilherme Fernando Mattos , Neumann Mikael , Horst Egon Henrique
Published: February 2021

A otimização do manejo de pastagens é essencial para que se obtenha níveis produtivos superiores, e os cereais de duplo propósito têm se destacado, podendo ser utilizado visando diferentes objetivos dentro da propriedade através de diversas estratégias de manejo. Objetivou-se avaliar a produção de biomassa e o valor nutricional da forragem do trigo (Triticum aestivum L. cv. BRS Umbu) sob influência de regime de cortes sucessivos simulando situações de pastejo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, composto por três tratamentos (sem corte - controle; um corte realizado; e dois cortes realizados) com cinco repetições. Para produção de biomassa seca acumulada foram observados valores médios de 10.926 kg ha-1 para o tratamento sem corte, 7.989 kg ha-1 para o tratamento com um corte e 3.514 kg ha-1 para o tratamento com dois cortes. Houve diferença entre a relação folha:colmo, sendo este fator reduzido de acordo com o aumento no número de cortes (4,14; 2,36 e 2,24 para os sistemas sem corte, com um e com dois cortes, respectivamente). Na composição bromatológica não foram encontradas diferenças significativas para os teores de proteína bruta, fibra em detergente ácido e fibra em detergente neutro. O aumento no número de cortes não reduz o rendimento de biomassa verde acumulado, mas, uma diminuição expressiva no percentual de folhas pode levar a menores produções de biomassa seca. Como a bromatologia não foi alterada pelo regime de cortes, percebe-se melhores resultados produtivos em sistema de um corte e/ou pastejo.
Recovery of pure C-phycoerythrin from a limestone drought tolerant cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. and evaluation of its biological activity
Authors: Nowruzi Bahareh , Fahimi Hossein , Lorenzi Adriana Sturion
Published: February 2021

Se realizó la caracterización de ficoeritrina de la cepa A5 de Nostoc sp., seguida de investigación de su actividad biológica para aplicaciones biotecnológicas. Para la extracción de ficoeritrina, el uso de tampón acetato (pH 5.1) produjo 65.04 µg mL-1, y se identificó como C-ficoeritrina. Los resultados de su actividad antioxidante sugirieron su acción como un potente eliminador de radicales libres. Además, la C-ficoeritrina de Nostoc mostró una capacidad notable como agente antibacteriano y antifúngico, con estabilidad significativa de hasta 10 días. La glucosa (4 mg mL-1) fue un buen conservante para la C-ficoeritrina a 25 y 4 ºC. Se obtuvo por primera vez una C-ficoeritrina estable de Nostoc sp. en condiciones de sequía en piedra caliza, lo que demuestra la necesidad de estudiar microorganismos de ambientes extremos.

The phycoerythrin characterization from Nostoc sp. strain A5 was done, followed by investigation of its biological activity for biotechnological applications. For phycoerythrin extraction, the use of acetate buffer (pH 5.1) resulted in 65.04 µg mL-1, and C-phycoerythrin was identified. Results of its antioxidant activity suggested action as a potent free radical scavenger. In addition, Nostoc's C-phycoerythrin showed noteworthy ability for antibacterial and antifungal agents with significant stability up to 10 days. Glucose (4 mg mL-1) was a good preservative for C-phycoerythrin at 25 and 4 ºC. A stable C-phycoerythrin from Nostoc sp. was obtained for the first time from limestone drought conditions, showing the need of studying microorganisms from extreme environments.
Pequeña y mediana empresa en el mundo rural medieval. Formas de organización de la producción. Ejemplos del País Valenciano (siglo XV)
Authors: LLIBRER ESCRIG Antoni
Published: February 2021

El presente estudio analiza el concepto empresa aplicado al periodo medieval, e intenta un mínimo recorrido historiográfico por aquellos autores que se han acercado a la «Business History». Además intenta una reconstrucción de los distintos tipos de empresa manufacturera en un ámbito rural que se nos muestra cada vez más dinámico, pero poco estudiado todavía por parte de los historiadores interesados en el mundo del artesanado y de la industria. Se estudian las distintas formas de organización de la producción que condicionan los diferentes modos de gestión de la empresa manufacturera tomando como referencia el espacio valenciano.

This article analyses the concept of «enterprise» as applied to the medieval world and attempts a short historiographic review of those authors that have followed a Business History approach. Besides, it tries to reconstruct the different types of manufacturing enterprises in a rural world that seems more and more dynamic, although it is still under-researched by historians interested in industry and artisanship. Lastly, the different forms of organising production are analysed, which determine the various types of management of manufacturing enterprise in the Ancient Kingdom of Valencia.
Copresence is a Problematic Resource for
Leisure Mobility
Authors: Baron Nacima , Hasan Ali
Published: February 2021

This paper analyzes copresence patterns among travellers in a
suburban station. The authors investigate how tourists and other travellers
experience physically and socially the spaces of public transport. In a first
part, a field study is introduced after a multidisciplinary theoretical
background (sociology, geography, ethnology of stations). It helps selecting the
best moment to develop the methodology, that is, the moment in which the
diversity of users and behaviours is maximized. In a second part, two field
results are presented: first, Sunday afternoon as being the best moment to
observe copresence, and second, the configuration of social interaction as
obeying a dualistic structure. A third part questions the opposition between the
experience of copresence as being a polite and distant coexistence among some
users and a much warmer interaction among others. The explanation for such a
divide lays first in the unequal mobility skills tourists and non-tourists may
mobilize and, second, this opposition seems connected to the construction of a
mobile community identity in the long term.
Reviewing Two Decades of Value Creation in Tourism: An Attempt
to Develop a Conceptual Framework
Authors: El Boukhari Abdelouahab , Oumlil Rachid , Achaba Allal
Published: February 2021

Tourism is one of the world economy pillars. In the last decades,
it underwent an evolution related to consumer behaviour and technological
progress. Facing this evolution, several efforts were made by companies; for
example, some of them looked for new ways to create value. Despite a great
number of studies conducted, the literature shows less evidence related to the
variables that affect value creation in tourism companies. Hence, the objective
of this paper is to propose a conceptual framework of value creation measurement
in tourism through mapping the most frequent indicators in literature. To do so,
the authors asked the following research question: what indicators of value
creation in tourism were the most mobilized during the last twenty years? Then
they performed a meta-analysis based on value creation papers published during
the period ranging from 1997 to 2017. Furthermore, based on the NVivo 11 coding
method, they processed 747 indicators, of which they considered that 66 were
more frequently used as they had been cited at least twice. The main ones are
service quality, customer satisfaction, environmental management, and
profitability. They grouped these frequent indicators in five categories,
namely: customers (10), employees and skills improvement (9), environment and
natural resources (6), finance (20), and internal processes (21).
L’innovation dans les services comme levier de la performance
commerciale des hôtels en Tunisie
Authors: Farhoud Mohamed , Farhoud Hager , Farhoud Elyess
Published: February 2021

L’économie de la Tunisie dépend de plus en plus des activités du
tourisme. Dans ce secteur, l’innovation dans les services est un véritable
moteur de croissance économique. Si la plupart des travaux se focalisent
essentiellement sur l’analyse des déterminants et des effets de l’innovation ou
des processus de prise des décisions d’innovation, rares sont les efforts de
recherche testant l’impact de l’innovation dans les services sur la performance
commerciale de l’hôtel. En se basant sur des données d’enquête d’un échantillon
représentatif comportant 603 hôtels en Tunisie, l’objectif de notre analyse est
d’expliquer les enjeux de la relation entre l’innovation dans les services
hôteliers et la performance commerciale de l’hôtel. Nos résultats nous amènent à
conclure qu’en Tunisie, l’innovation dans les services hôteliers peut être
stimulée en jouant sur certains facteurs tels que la catégorie de l’hôtel, la
structure de gouvernance, l’affiliation ou l’appartenance à une chaîne
hôtelière, la taille de l’hôtel, la gestion du processus d’innovation, ainsi que
la prise en compte de la variable facteurs de marché et concurrence. Nous
trouvons aussi que la performance commerciale des hôtels est influencée par ces
facteurs et, surtout et fortement, par la structure de gouvernance de l’hôtel et
la gestion du processus d’innovation.
Le préjudice écologique
Authors: Ménard Benjamin , Rias Nicolas
Published: February 2021

Le préjudice écologique a fait une entrée progressive en droit positif. Sa prise en compte a été initialement limitée au préjudice écologique dérivé, lequel présente néanmoins un intérêt très relatif. Par la suite, il a été étendu au préjudice écologique pur, d’abord par la jurisprudence, puis par le législateur. C’est l’entrée sur la scène juridique de ce préjudice écologique pur qui présente en réalité une véritable nouveauté.
Le préjudice de perte de solvabilité découlant d’une inscription négative au dossier de crédit du consommateur
Authors: Caron Vincent
Published: February 2021

La vérification de la cote de crédit du consommateur avant de lui offrir des services est une pratique répandue au Québec. C’est ainsi qu’une inscription négative à son dossier de crédit peut priver le consommateur de certains services (prêt hypothécaire, location de logement ou de voiture, assurance, etc.) ou lui imposer des conditions plus onéreuses (taux d’intérêt plus élevé, prime d’assurance plus élevée). Si la victime d’une inscription erronée ou injustifiée peut être indemnisée pour le préjudice découlant de sa perte de solvabilité, plusieurs embûches se dressent toutefois devant elle, à savoir la preuve de la faute et celles du dommage et du lien de causalité.
Tripartite suppression of fission yeast TORC1 signaling by the GATOR1-Sea3 complex, the TSC complex, and Gcn2 kinase
Authors: Fukuda Tomoyuki , Sofyantoro Fajar , Tai Yen Teng , Chia Kim Hou , Matsuda Takato , Murase Takaaki , Morozumi Yuichi , Tatebe Hisashi , Kanki Tomotake , Shiozaki Kazuhiro
Published: February 2021

Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) is controlled by the GATOR complex composed of the GATOR1 subcomplex and its inhibitor, the GATOR2 subcomplex, sensitive to amino acid starvation. Previously, we identified fission yeast GATOR1 that prevents deregulated activation of TORC1 (Chia et al., 2017). Here, we report identification and characterization of GATOR2 in fission yeast. Unexpectedly, the GATOR2 subunit Sea3, an ortholog of mammalian WDR59, is physically and functionally proximal to GATOR1, rather than GATOR2, attenuating TORC1 activity. The fission yeast GATOR complex is dispensable for TORC1 regulation in response to amino acid starvation, which instead activates the Gcn2 pathway to inhibit TORC1 and induce autophagy. On the other hand, nitrogen starvation suppresses TORC1 through the combined actions of the GATOR1-Sea3 complex, the Gcn2 pathway, and the TSC complex, another conserved TORC1 inhibitor. Thus, multiple, parallel signaling pathways implement negative regulation of TORC1 to ensure proper cellular starvation responses.
Distinct neural networks for the volitional control of vocal and manual actions in the monkey homologue of Broca's area
Authors: Gavrilov Natalja , Nieder Andreas
Published: February 2021

The ventrolateral frontal lobe (Broca's area) of the human brain is crucial in speech production. In macaques, neurons in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, the suggested monkey homologue of Broca's area, signal the volitional initiation of vocalizations. We explored whether this brain area became specialized for vocal initiation during primate evolution and trained macaques to alternate between a vocal and manual action in response to arbitrary cues. During task performance, single neurons recorded from the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and the rostroventral premotor cortex of the inferior frontal cortex predominantly signaled the impending vocal or, to a lesser extent, manual action, but not both. Neuronal activity was specific for volitional action plans and differed during spontaneous movement preparations. This implies that the primate inferior frontal cortex controls the initiation of volitional utterances via a dedicated network of vocal selective neurons that might have been exploited during the evolution of Broca’s area.
Drosophila uses a tripod gait across all walking speeds, and the geometry of the tripod is important for speed control
Authors: Chun Chanwoo , Biswas Tirthabir , Bhandawat Vikas
Published: February 2021

Changes in walking speed are characterized by changes in both the animal’s gait and the mechanics of its interaction with the ground. Here we study these changes in walkingDrosophila. We measured the fly’s center of mass movement with high spatial resolution and the position of its footprints. Flies predominantly employ a modified tripod gait that only changes marginally with speed. The mechanics of a tripod gait can be approximated with a simple model – angular and radial spring-loaded inverted pendulum (ARSLIP) – which is characterized by two springs of an effective leg that become stiffer as the speed increases. Surprisingly, the change in the stiffness of the spring is mediated by the change in tripod shape rather than a change in stiffness of individual legs. The effect of tripod shape on mechanics can also explain the large variation in kinematics among insects, and ARSLIP can model these variations.
Effects of oxygen exposure on relative nucleic acid content and membrane integrity in the human gut microbiota
Authors: Taguer Mariia , Quillier Ophélie , Maurice Corinne F.
Published: February 2021

While the diversity of the human gut microbiota is becoming increasingly well characterized, bacterial physiology is still a critical missing link in understanding how the gut microbiota may be implicated in disease. The current best practice for studying bacterial physiology involves the immediate storage of fecal samples in an anaerobic chamber. This reliance on immediate access to anaerobic chambers greatly limits the scope of sample populations that can be studied. Here, we assess the effects of short-term oxygen exposure on gut bacterial physiology and diversity. We use relative nucleic acid content and membrane integrity as markers of bacterial physiology, and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to measure bacterial diversity. Samples were stored for up to 6 h in either ambient conditions or in anoxic environments created with gas packs or in an anaerobic chamber. Our data indicate that AnaeroGen sachets preserve bacterial membrane integrity and nucleic acid content over the course of 6 h similar to storage in an anaerobic chamber. Short-term oxygen exposure increases bacterial membrane permeability, without exceeding inter-individual differences. As oxygen exposure remains an important experimental consideration for bacterial metabolism, our data suggest that AnaeroGen sachets are a valid alternative limiting loss of membrane integrity for short-term storage of samples from harder-to-access populations.
6mA-Pred: identifying DNA N6-methyladenine sites based on deep learning
Authors: Huang Qianfei , Zhou Wenyang , Guo Fei , Xu Lei , Zhang Lichao
Published: February 2021

With the accumulation of data on 6mA modification sites, an increasing number of scholars have begun to focus on the identification of 6mA sites. Despite the recognized importance of 6mA sites, methods for their identification remain lacking, with most existing methods being aimed at their identification in individual species. In the present study, we aimed to develop an identification method suitable for multiple species. Based on previous research, we propose a method for 6mA site recognition. Our experiments prove that the proposed 6mA-Pred method is effective for identifying 6mA sites in genes from taxa such as rice,Mus musculus, and human. A series of experimental results show that 6mA-Pred is an excellent method. We provide the source code used in the study, which can be obtained fromhttp://39.100.246.211:5004/6mA_Pred/.
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase genes in the wild silkworm, Bombyx mandarina
Authors: Wan Linrong , Zhou Anlian , Xiao Wenfu , Zou Bangxing , Jiang Yaming , Xiao Jinshu , Deng Cao , Zhang Youhong ,   The members of the Genefang Research Team: Zi-yan Huang, Cong-fan Bu, Jie Zeng, Zhao-nan Hao, Yan-peng Chen, and Meng-jia Liu
Published: February 2021

Wild (Bombyx mandarina) and domestic silkworms (B. mori) are good models for investigating insect domestication, as 5000 years of artificial breeding and selection have resulted in significant differences between B. mandarina and B. mori. In this study, we improved the genome assemblies to the chromosome level and updated the protein-coding gene annotations for B. mandarina. Based on this updated genome, we identified 68 cytochrome P450 genes in B. mandarina. The cytochrome P450 repository in B. mandarina is smaller than in B. mori. Certain currently unknown key genes, rather than gene number, are critical for insecticide resistance in B. mandarina, which shows greater resistance to insecticides than B. mori. Based on the physical maps of B. mandarina, we located 66 cytochrome P450s on 18 different chromosomes, and 27 of the cytochrome P450 genes were concentrated into seven clusters. KEGG enrichment analysis of the P450 genes revealed the involvement of cytochrome P450 genes in hormone biosynthesis. Analyses of the silk gland transcriptome identified candidate cytochrome P450 genes (CYP306A) involved in ecdysteroidogenesis and insecticide metabolism in B. mandarina.