bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Controlled vanadium doping of mos2 thin films through co-sputtering and thermal sulfurization
Authors: KURU Cihan
Published: March 2020

Recently, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have gained great attention owing to their remarkable properties. The electronic structure of TMDs can be modified by substitutional doping, which could give rise to novel and exciting properties. In this study, a strategy is presented for controlled vanadium (V) doping of MoS2, in which V doped MoS2 films with good uniformity are prepared by thermal sulfurization of V-Mo alloy films deposited using co-sputtering. The V incorporation in MoS2 induces p type doping, which enhances the electrical conductivity of MoS2 by a factor of 35-40. Such doping strategy and consequent conductivity improvement may be useful in many applications such as catalysis, nanoelectronics and optoelectronics.
The effects of boric acid and citric acid on chiasma frequency and meiotic division in Chorthippus loratus (Acrididae:Orthoptera) males
Authors: KOCA Serdar , TÜRKOĞLU Şifa
Published: March 2020

In this study, the cytogenetic effects of boric acid and citric acid in meiosis were investigated. Chorthippus loratus species of grasshoppers were treated with boric acid and citric acid sprayed grass at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 µg/ml for 24 hours. As a result of the investigations, it was observed that boric acid decreases chiasma frequency in doses of 500 and 1000 µg/ml. Differences between 250-500 and 250-1000 µg/ml doses were statistically significant. In the citric acid treated group, it was found that the frequency of chiasma decreased at doses of 500 and 1000 µg/ml. The differences were also significant between 250-500, 250-1000 and 500-1000 µg/ml doses. In our study, the effects of boric acid and citric acid on chiasma frequency as well as damages like the stickiness of chromosomes, breakage, fragment and anaphase bridge were observed.
Adomian decomposition method for solving nonlinear fractional sturm-liouville problem
Authors: ERCAN Ahu
Published: March 2020

In the present paper, the Adomian decomposition method is employed for solving nonlinear fractional Sturm-Liouville equation. The numerical results for the eigenfunctions and the eigenvalues are obtained. Also, the present results are demonstrated by the tables and the graphs for different values of considered problem.
Evaluation of noise pollution level from traffic for Sivas city using GIS-based noise indexes
Authors: KARAKUŞ Can Bülent , YILDIZ Sayiter
Published: March 2020

In this study with the purpose of determining the noise pollution originating from traffic in Sivas city center, noise measurements were performed in 14 different points that represent the city for 5 days in morning, noon and evening. Based on the measurement results, GIS based noise pollution spatial distribution maps were created and also the noise levels and orbits that change according to the time as time-wise and spatial were determined. Also, noise pollution level of city is revealed with calculating indexes such as traffic noise pollution index (NI), noise climate (NC), noise exposure index (NEI) and level of noise pollution (Lnp). Level of equivalent continuous noise (Leq) value is above limit values in all regions and its mean determined for morning, noon and evening hours as 75.19, 73.72 and 75.92 dB respectively. The highest Lnp values are calculated as 96,8 dB for morning, 98,7 dB for noon and 97 dB for evening. The highest NC values are calculated as 18,7 dB for morning, 21,3 dB for noon and 21 dB for evening. Almost all of the NEI values were more than 1 and this shows that the level of noise exposure of all measuring points is at excessive level. The NI value which is calculated according to the measurements is usually above 74 dB. The areas affected by noise within the boundaries of Sivas city were revealed by using the noise distribution maps obtained with the help of GIS. When all of the results are evaluated, it is seen that there is a serious noise pollution problem around the traffic way of city. Noise pollution is the most important factor that disrupts environmental quality and environmental health in the city center.
Can an abts antioxidant test be performed without a spectrophotometer?
Authors: AKAR Zeynep , ARSLAN BURNAZ Nesibe
Published: March 2020

ABTS• + (2,2-azinobis- (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)) radical scavenging assay is widely used to determine the antioxidant activity of natural and synthetic substances. As other antioxidant activity determination methods, a spectrophotometer device is needed to determine the numerical value of the color formed in ABTS method. Therefore, the dependence on the device is disadvantageous due to especially the high cost and restriction of workspace. To overcome this disadvantage, a new colorimetric method in the determination of antioxidant activity for ABTS method was developed with the help of a scanner device and free software (Image J). Mixtures (plant extracts and antioxidant standards) in this new colorimetric method were prepared as in the spectrophotometric method and, after the incubation period, each of these reagent mixtures was dropped onto the thin layer chromatography (TLC) plate. Then the colors that appeared on the thin layer chromatography were transferred to the computer with the help of a scanner and CSC50 values (the color value of the antioxidant concentration required to scavenge 50% of the ABTS radical in the test solution using Image J software) were measured with free software of Image J. The same measurements were performed simultaneously on the spectrophotometer. The results of both methods were compared. There was a strong correlation between the new colorimetric method and the spectrophotometric method for ABTS. Thus, the new colorimetric method for the ABTS test has become easily applicable since no spectrophotometer device is needed and in all environments.
Comparison of weighted least squares and robust estimation in structural equation modeling of ordinal categorical data with larger sample sizes
Authors: GAZELOGLU Cengiz , AŞAN GREENACRE Zerrin
Published: March 2020

The effect of different sample sizes on estimation methods such as weighted least squares and robust weighted least squares that are used in structural equation modeling was studied and compared using information criteria such as Akaike Information Criteria in this study. The simulations were repeated 1000 times with two estimation methods and the average values of criteria were calculated with different sample sizes. The study includes a construct of four factors, with four questions of each that are measured on a five-point Likert scale. Different sample sizes, ranging from 300 to 5000 were selected. According to the simulations results, it is concluded that the robust estimation method provides more effective results at lower sample size. In addition, it was found that as the sample size increases, the efficiency difference between two methods gradually decreases. Moreover, it was detected that there is almost no difference between the two methods for sample sizes over 3000.
Effect of deformation, particle-hole and particle-particle interaction on Gamow-Teller transitions of 76Ge
Authors: ÇAKMAK Şadiye
Published: March 2020

Gamow-Teller
(GT) transitions for 76Ge using QRPA methods in this article are
calculated, which play an essential role in the supernovae. Three different
QRPA models are used to the GT strength distributions. QRPA models namely
single quasi-particle (sqp), Pyatov Method (PM) and the Schematic Model (SM).
Gamow-Teller distribution, ΣB(GT)-, the centroid of energy, the width of energy and ISR are calculated by using
these models. The effect
of particle-particle interaction on spherical nuclei and deformed nuclei on Gamow-Teller transitions is wanted to show.
Deformed Woods-Saxon potential
is used in calculations of Single-particle energies and wave functions. The results are also compared with previous
theoretical calculations and measured
strength distributions wherever available. It is expected that the current study of GT features would be helpful and may
guide to a better knowledge
of the presupernova progression of massive stars.
Modification by natural sources to reduce immuno-reactivity of milk proteins
Authors: AKKAYA Recep , AKKAYA Birnur , ÇETİNKAYA Serap
Published: March 2020

The main aim of the current study was to reduce the IgE-binding capacity of cow’s milk through its chemical modification by natural source treatment. The presence of children allergic responses to cow's milk has become a growing concern in the world. A possible approach to reduce protein allergen is to block IgE-binding epitopes of protein allergen by various methods. One of them is protein glycation. We wanted to examine effect of some additives especially lemon juices on milk protein modification by using electrophoresis and 2D gel electrophoresis. As a result of this study lemon juice (ascorbic acid) enhanced glycation of milk proteins.
Simultaneous determination of sulfachloropyridazine and trimethoprim in veterinary formulations by hplc
Authors: YUVALI Dönay , NARİN İbrahim
Published: March 2020

In this study, a simple, sensitive, precise, rapid and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method with ultraviolet detection for simultaneous determination of Sulfachloropyridazine and Trimethoprim is developed and applied commercial veterinary formulation for chromatographic separation, Thermoscientific Hypersil-C18, reverse phase column was used. Separation was done using acetonitrile: pH 3.0 buffer solution (30:70, v/v) at 0.8 ml min-1 flow rate. Analysis was done 272.0 nm at ultraviyolet detector. Under optimum chromatographic conditions, retention time of Sulfachloropyridazine and Trimethoprim were determined as 4.37 and 2.60 minute. The proposed method was linear in the range 1.0-100.0 μg ml-1 for Sulfachloropyridazine and 0.5-40.0 μg ml-1 for Trimethoprim. The Limit of detection of Sulfachloropyridazine and Trimethoprim are 0.05 μg ml-1, 0.18 μg ml-1, respectively. The method which is rapid, simple and does not require any separation step, has been successfully applied to assay of commercial dosage forms containing Sulfachloropyridazine and Trimethoprim.
Hermite-hadamard type ınequalities for multiplicatively s-convex functions
Authors: ÖZCAN Serap
Published: March 2020

In this paper, some integral inequalities of Hermite-Hadamard type for multiplicatively s-convex functions are obtained. Also, some new inequalities involving multiplicative integrals are established for product and quotient of convex and multiplicatively s-convex functions.
Developing a potentiometric sunset yellow selective electrode and its applications
Authors: SAYDAN KANBEROĞLU Gülşah , AYDIN Mehmet
Published: March 2020

We developed a potentiometric ion-selective electrode (ISE) for detecting the food dye sunset yellow (SY). Sunset yellow-Methyltrioctylammonium chloride ion pairs were synthesized. The ion pair that was synthesized was employed as ionophorein the configuration of the electrode membrane. PVC membrane ion-selective electrodes in various compositions were produced using the ion pairs that were synthesized and then, potentiometric performance characteristics of these electrodes were investigated. It was determined that the electrode with the composition of 3.0 % sunset yellow-Methyltrioctylammonium (Sunset-MTOA) ion pair, 64.8 % nitrophenyloctyl ether (NPOE), 32.0 % polyvinylchloride (PVC) and 0.2 % potassium tetrakis (4-chlorophenylborate) (KTpClPB) demonstrated the best potentiometric performance properties. The linear range, slope, limit of quantification, pH range, and the response time of the electrode were determined as 1.0 × 10-5-5.0 × 10-2 M, 23.6 mV,1.0 × 10-5 M,6.4-9.1, and ≈ 5 sec, respectively. The electrode exhibited a highly repeatable potentiometric response
Correction to "Antikanser İlaç Olan Epirubicin’in DNA ile Etkileşiminin DNA Biyosensörleri ile Elektrokimyasal Tayini"
Authors: ELİK Adil
Published: March 2020

Correction to: Cumhuriyet Sci. J.,
Vol.38-3 (2017) 525-534; http://dx.doi.org/10.17776/csj.340503; Received:
21.04.2017; Accepted: 30.05.2017
La reformulación de la política exterior argentina en el gobierno de Macri: el difícil equilibrio entre los cambios globales y las crisis domésticas (2015–2018)
Authors: Palacio Priscila
Published: March 2020

El trabajo analiza la política exterior de Macri, argumentando que factores domésticos conllevaron a cambiar el posicionamiento internacional que había adoptado Argentina con C. Kirchner. Pero los cambios globales parecen imponer un pragmatismo que contradice el idealismo macrista a la vez que la crisis de la economía argentina dificultó consolidar el nuevo paradigma. El marco de análisis es el realismo clásico, incorporando el rol de los factores domésticos en la política mundial (Gilpin 1981). El estudio principia con un planteo teórico; luego se exponen acontecimientos mundiales que denotan un auge del proteccionismo en el siglo XXI. Finalmente, se analiza la política exterior de Macri, destacando las restricciones que impuso la economía doméstica.
The Bengal Partition of 1905: the Evaluation of British Civilians Activities and Its Effect and Consequence
Authors: Pramanik Debashish Kumar , Neogy Taposh Kumar
Published: March 2020

The Partition of Bengal (1905) and the creation of a new province opened a new chapter in the history of this region. Whatever might have been the real motive of the colonial government behind the scheme, it divided the Hindus and the Muslims of Bengal. Most of the upper caste Hindus opposed it on the ground that by partitioning Bengal the government, in effect, had planned to divide the Bangla- speaking people. The also argued that it was the part of the government’s grand design of ‘divide and rule’. On the other hand, most of the upper class Muslims in general supported the scheme. The thought that their interests would be better protected in the newly created province and the would be able to overcome decades of backwardness. Yet, there were some Muslims who opposed the partition. As they belonged both to upper class and ordinary section of the Muslim population, their reasons for supporting the partition also varied. Personal, community, national and economic interests prompted interests prompted them to oppose the partition of Bengal.
How has GIRFEC Affected Multi-Agency Working in the Assessment Process?
Authors: Rasheed Hanin
Published: March 2020

GIRFEC approach was carried out in this research in order to test the effectiveness, durability and strength along with its shortcomings, which works for the betterment of children and youth of Scotland (Government of Scotland, 2015). The study carried out by the author is to understand the interpretation and calculations of the multiple agencies that work for this cause.The existences of these agencies is not a new thing in Scottish environment and with the participation of parents and these agencies, the researcher found that for many years now, working of the agencies together in order to support team work had been encouraged. As the collaboration of the parents and multiple agencies has its perks and showed better results over the years, there were many researches that showed that in some agencies, they lacked team work and they were not compatible and because of that it resulted into deaths of many children across the UK (Hammond et al., 2010; Laming, 2003; Lord, 2009, Department for Education, 2010). Researcher in the current study focal point revolved around the idea of how the agencies carried out their investigations and if it had shown any better results for the parents and their children.
The Process of Social Exclusion of Tea Garden Workers: A Study on Sylhet City Corporation, Bangladesh
Authors: Zaman Md. Ohidur , Abir Tareq Mahamud
Published: March 2020

Previous literature suggests that tea garden workers of Bangladesh are excluded from social, political and economic aspects. Therefore, this research work aimed to exploring the process of social exclusion of tea garden worker. All the tea gardens within Sylhet City Corporation have been selected as the study area and empirical data has been collected from selected respondents by Survey and In-depth interview methods. The field data show that tea garden workers are excluded in main three ways. They are deprived from social and political rights and have a very small control on their material world. Such deprivations made them incapable and create a cycle of poverty which leads them to social exclusion. Moreover, tea garden owners and managers play a peculiar role to exploit them from their basic socio-political and economic rights. In such a way, tea garden workers become excluded from the main stream people and living inhuman life.
A Comparative Study on Social Maturity of Adolescent Students Undergoing NCC Training and Without NCC Training
Authors: Bhowmik Monoranjan , Maity Niranjan
Published: March 2020

The present study focuses on social maturity of adolescent students undergoing NCC (National Cadet Corps) training and without NCC training .The sample consists of 124 school students of Purba Medinipur, District of West Bengal in India. The researchers has developed the social maturity scale and standardized it to apply towards subjects. The researchers analyse the data using statistical technique t – test using the software SPSS. The major finding of the study is that, the adolescent students who got the NCC training achieve more social maturity than the students without NCC training.
Consumer Attitude toward Fast Food Consumption: A Study on University Students in Dhaka City
Authors: Akhter Mst. Momena
Published: March 2020

This paper aims to analyze the attitude of the university students regarding fast food consumption in Dhaka city.  For the purpose of the study the data were collected from both the private and public universities and the sample size was 360. Factor analysis was conducted to recognize to preference factors of the students regarding their fast food consumption. Results show that 94.2% of the respondents like fast food and 48.10% of them make one to three visits in a month. The study reveals that the most obvious reason for taking fast food is for the sake of convenience. They also give importance to taste, price, food quality, atmosphere, payment method, service quality, location, and atmosphere of the restaurants that help the students to get pleasure and socialize with their classmates. Data suggest that students frequently consume fast food and are willing to give time, effort and price to eat at their favorite restaurant.
Metaphysical Approach to Lalon’s Song
Authors: Suma Salma Pervin , Haque Md. Ziaul
Published: March 2020

The objective of this paper is to find out the trends and tendencies of metaphysical endeavor in Lalon’s song. Lalon shah popularly known as Lalon Fakir (1774-1890), was a Bengali mystic folk poet and singer as well as philosopher and humanist. Most of his songs were composed in orally and sung at the time of travelling. His songs dealt with the themes of love, religion, caste, faith, soul, god, death etc which can be viewed from the metaphysical point of view. The way he dealt his various issues in his songs demands our special concentration to investigate how ornamentally his songs were composed using metaphysical conceit, incongruous imagery, complexity and subtlety of thought, frequent use of paradox, and often by deliberate harshness or rigidity of expression. So, this study will try to shed lights on the theme, philosophy and style of Lalon’s song through the metaphysical perspective.
Victimization of Facebook Users: An Empirical Study among Female Students in Tangail
Authors: Alam Mohammad Ashraful , Akter Mahmuda , Santona Saikat Alam
Published: March 2020

Social networking site is an important area of research. It is a known fact that young adults and teenagers, especially students are the most avid users of online Social networking sites which have a great impact on their lives. Yet, little is known about the sardonic experiences of students in social networking sites. With approximate 22.880 million users Facebook holds its number one popularity rank. Therefore, this paper takes Facebook as commissar of these Social Networking sites and focuses to provide an insight on the victimization of Female student and tends to explore the current nature and causes of female Facebook victimization. Female students are opted because they are more vulnerable in these sites than male. This paper reports the findings of a research work that was carried out in the higher secondary educational institutions in Tangail by using a non-probability purposive sample of 15 to 26 years aged female students. 70 samples were collected through a structured questionnaire and the gleaned data was analyzed by using SPSS. This study demonstrates, although social networking site have opened up a new way of socialization, respondents had experienced several types of cyber crime in Facebok. Such experiences create a state of insecurity, depression, fear, isolation and to a very large extent suicide. It is relatively a new phenomenon and hopefully both the effective technical strategy along with public consciousness used as a useful tool to reduce female vulnerability in Facebook from individual to national level in Babgladesh.
Adoption of Agricultural Marketing Technologies by Farmers of Northern Bangladesh: A Binary Logistic Analysis to Determine the Factors Influencing Farmers' Decision
Authors: Haque Md. Ziaul
Published: March 2020

Low adoption of agricultural marketing technologies in the field of agricultural commodities marketing is one of the main reasons for profit loss of the farmers in Bangladesh. This paper examines the factors that influence farmers' decision of modern agricultural marketing technologies adoption in Northern Bangladesh. By using questionnaire survey the researcher collect data from 216 farmers in Dinajpur and Naogaon district in Northern Bangladesh and the binary logistic regression model was estimated to find out the factors influence farmers decision. Seven independent variables i.e. age of the farmer, formal education of the farmer, farm size, level of expected benefits, off-farm income generating activities, access to institutional credit and training about use of marketing technologies are statistically significant factors that influence the decision of farmers to adopt modern agricultural marketing technologies in Northern Bangladesh. So it is concluded that the farmers' decision to adopt modern agricultural marketing technologies depends on their socio-economic status and organizational effectiveness. We recommend that such policies should be made so that the positive impact factors on technologies adoption are properly utilized and negative issues are reduced.
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors: updated evidence on their efficacy and safety in patients with type-2 diabetes
Authors: Gupta Vipul , Khurana Girish
Published: March 2020

Management of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is challenging. The scope of existing therapies toward T2DM has transformed remarkably. These large assortments of therapies have produced evidence-based data. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT-2i) is the most recent class of oral anti-hyperglycemic agents. They are approved by Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. SGLT-2i has a unique mechanism of action and that lower glucose independent of insulin. They reduce renal tubular glucose reabsorption, thereby lowering blood glucose without stimulating the release of insulin. Additional advantages involve suitable effects on blood pressure and weight. According to guidelines of the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists/ the American College of Endocrinology 2016, SGLT-2i (in the form of canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, and empagliflozin) is one of the acceptable alternatives to metformin as initial therapy towards T2DM. Canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, and empagliflozin reduce the cardiovascular risk in comparison to placebo as the part of standard care. This review article focuses on the clinical trials published over the past year and specifically the metabolic aspect of SGLT-2i and the adverse effects related to SGLT-2 inhibitors.
Follow up of growth, development and clinical outcome in neonates discharged from the NICU of tertiary care hospital in central India
Authors: C. Prithvichandra K. , Ghanghoriya Pawan K.
Published: March 2020

Background: To assess the growth and neurodevelopmental outcome of all newborn discharged from the NICU of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College, Jabalpur on follow up for 6 months.Methods: Prospective observational cohort study of 200 high risk newborn discharged from NICU. Babies were called for follow up at 1 month, 2 months, 4 month and 6 months of corrected age and detailed information was taken regarding NICU stay and morbidity with the help of data available from discharge card. Anthropometric parameters like weight, length, and head circumference were noted.  Suitable screening tests like denver’s developmental screening test for Indian infants (DDSTII) for NDD (neurodevelopmental delay) and Amiel Tison scoring for tone assessment was done.Results: Among the 200 NICU graduates chosen, 40 lost during follow up. The neurodevelopmental delay in this study was 31.3%. Authors also analysed NDD according to gestational age wise groups. NDD in pre-terms was 39.6%. The developmental delay was more in babies with neonatal sepsis, perinatal asphyxia, prematurity, RDS, NEC etc.Conclusions: The morbidities like severe perinatal asphyxia, hypoglycaemia, seizures, shock, hypoxia, hypothermia, low gestational age have direct association with NDD.
Risk factors and clinical outcome of hypomagnesemic patients in pediatric intensive care
Authors: N. Poornima Shankar , C. Kavya , Reddy Varsha Monica
Published: March 2020

Background: Hypomagnesemia is a common finding in current medical practice, especially in critically ill patients. Magnesium ion plays a vital role in various metabolic processes in body and its deficiency leading to serious clinical consequences. Since hypomagnesemia is most often asymptomatic, it goes unsuspected and therefore undiagnosed. Hence, early detection of hypomagnesemia has prognostic and therapeutic implications. It is imperative to understand the various risk factors and their clinical outcome that is associated with hypomagnesemia.Methods: This is an observational study done in a tertiary centre in Bangalore, India where-in 100 children who met the inclusion criteria, admitted to the PICU were recruited and prospectively studied. Serum Magnesium along with various clinical and biochemical parameters were correlated to enumerate the various risk factors associated with hypomagnesemia.Results: In this study authors found the incidence of hypomagnesemia to be around 53%. Authors found higher incidence in age group of 1-5 yrs (40%) and least were in the age groups of <1 year and more than 10 years (19%) and there was no gender preponderance. Authors also evaluated the various risk factors associated with hypomagnesemia. There was significant association of hypocalcemia (60%) and hypokalemia (45.2%) with hypomagnesemia. Infections (33.9%) and neurological disorders (26.41%) seemed to collectively comprise around 60% of the hypomagnesemic group. All patients admitted secondary to sepsis and Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) had hypomagnesemia proving to be a significant risk factor. Authors also found increased mortality among hypomagnesemic group. However, found no association between low serum magnesium and PICU stay.Conclusions: There is high prevalence of hypomagnesemia in critically ill patients and is associated with a higher mortality. It is also commonly associated with infections, CNS disorders, respiratory diseases and metabolic derangements like hypokalaemia and hypocalcaemia. There is no association of Hypomagnesemia with duration of PICU stay.
Correlation of serum leptin levels with clinical and biochemical parameters in obese children
Authors: Patil Lingaraja Gowda C. , S. Srinivas
Published: March 2020

Background: Leptin plays a crucial role in the regulation of appetite, glucose homeostasis and body fat. Authors described various clinical and biochemical parameters of obese children aged 6 to 18 years visiting to outpatient department in a tertiary care hospital followed by their correlation with serum leptin levels. It was a prospective observational study.Methods: Obese children with Body Mass Index >2 standard deviation according to WHO chart were included. Endocrinological and syndromic obese children were excluded. Authors first compared leptin level of obese children with age and sex matched nonobese children. Followed by correlation of serum leptin levels with various clinical and laboratory parameters in obese children. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to compute the strength of relationship of leptin with various quantitative parameters. Mann-Whitney Test was also used when standard deviation was high, to calculate statistical significance.Results: Leptin concentration was significantly higher in obese children than non-obese. No significant difference in sex distribution was found. Serum leptin levels showed positive correlation with BMI, skin fold thickness and abdominal circumference, and blood pressure. No statistical correlation of leptin with biochemical parameters such as dyslipidemia, fasting blood glucose and insulin resistance was seen.Conclusions: In this study though serum leptin levels had a positive correlation with various clinical parameters, but no statistically significant correlation was seen with biochemical parameters. There is need for further investigation with a larger sample size on the role of leptin in childhood obesity.,
Early weight trends in preterm babies post discharge
Authors: Fadnis Madhura P. , Prabhu Sanjay , Prabhu Shakuntala S.
Published: March 2020

Background: Prematurity is the major determinant of morbidity and mortality in newborns. Infants born preterm are at increased risk for impaired growth. The postnatal growth pattern is dependent on biological factors like birth weight, gestational age, sex and intrauterine growth. The present study was undertaken to study the risk factors associated with the preterm delivery and to study the weight gain pattern among the preterm neonates after NICU discharge for a period of one month. Aims and objectives to study the risk factors associated with preterm and to analyze the weight gain pattern of the preterm till one-month post NICU discharge.Methods: A total of 40 preterm were included during the study period of 2 months, the various maternal risk factors were studied and correlated with preterm delivery. The neonatal complications were studied. The neonates were divided on the basis of their gestational age and birth weight. They were then followed for a period of 1-month post NICU discharge.Results: There was significant correlation of lower gestational age with neonatal complications and prolonged duration of hospitalization. The weight gain pattern was highly variable with a maximum gain of 188 gm after first week of NICU discharge. Weight gain was significantly more in first week after discharge amongst neonates who had birth weight less than 1.5 kg and also the total weight gain was significantly more in neonates who weighed less than 1.5 kg at birth.Conclusions: Lower gestational age group 28-32 weeks was significantly associated with neonatal complications and prolonged duration of hospitalization. Immediate follow up of the preterm is necessary as there is wide variability in the weight gain pattern in various gestational age groups.
Effect of kangaroo mother care in preterm versus term intra uterine growth restriction neonates
Authors: Joshi Devesh N. , Nainiwal Lalit
Published: March 2020

Background: Low Birth Weight newborns are either Preterm or IUGR. These both have different morbidities and outcomes. KMC is an effective intervention for LBW infants. Here authors study the effectiveness of KMC in preterm babies and full term IUGR babies.Methods: Prospective, Observational, comparative study in which 50 Preterm AGA and 50 Term IUGR included which are hemodynamically stable. effective KMC given and their daily weight gain were observed.Results: Term IUGR having average birthweight is 2083.7±177.9 gm and discharge weight 2179.4±183.8 and preterm AGA are having average birthweight 1972.9±198.9gm and weight on discharge 1962.2±201.0. IUGR term newborns had mean weight loss for 0.90±1.05 days with mean weight loss of 17.94±28.8 grams with average weight loss of 0.9% followed by mean weight gain of 26.6±14.2 grams per day for mean 4.36±0.74 days. Preterm AGA shows weight loss for 3.54±1.5 days with mean weight loss of 98.06±80.83 grams and average 5.4% followed by mean weight gain of 20.4±8.9 grams 4.22±0.97 per day for mean 4.36±0.74 days. With average hospital stay of 5.26±1.2 and 7.76±1.51 days respectively for Term IUGR and Preterm AGA.Conclusions: KMC helps in decreasing the morbidities, achieving physiological weight gain and early discharge in both IUGR term and preterm AGA new-borns but maintaining their physiological pattern of weight gain.
Comparison of determinants of morbidities of late preterms and terms
Authors: Kaur Gagandeep , Chhabra Gurpreet Singh , Thapar Karuna
Published: March 2020

Background: To compare the determinants of neonatal morbidity in late preterms and terms.Methods: A total of 100 live late preterm (34-0/7 to 36-6/7 weeks) and 100 term infants (37-0/7 to 41-6/7 weeks) admitted in sri guru ram das institute of medical sciences and research were randomly selected to participate in this case control study. The study group include 100 neonates within gestation age of 34 0/7 to 36 6/7 weeks. Equal number of terms between 37 0/7 to 41-6/7 gestation age was taken for comparison. The maternal history including both antenatal and natal history as well as new-born profile was taken.Results: Maternal risk factors have been found to be the major determinants of morbidity in late preterms with PROM (p<0.0001), sepsis and hypertension being significant contributors. Respiratory distress, neonatal jaundice, sepsis has been found to be major morbidity factors in late preterms. The average duration of admission was higher in late preterms than terms.Conclusions: Late preterm infants have higher risks for acute metabolic complications, mortality and long-term disabilities as compared to term infants. Morbidities like respiratory distress, neonatal jaundice, sepsis, hypoglycaemia and hypothermia are more in late preterms due to their immaturity. The risks associated with late preterm birth suggest the need for refinement of obstetric paradigms to extend pregnancy duration if benefits outweigh risk to fetus and mother. There is need to make obstetricians and families aware of complications pertaining to late preterm birth and improving surveillance of high-risk pregnancies.
Red cell distribution width as a diagnostic marker in neonatal sepsis
Authors: Deka Anupama , P. Aravind
Published: March 2020

Background: The early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis, a significant cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality still remains a challenge. Red-cell Distribution Width (RDW) vary significantly in conditions associated with inflammation and infection like sepsis. The study aims to find the normal range of RDW in healthy newborns and investigate the role of RDW in the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.Methods: This is a prospective observational study, 50 normal and 50 sepsis neonates were considered for the study. The neonatal sepsis group consisted of neonates with (i) Positive sepsis screen with/without clinical features of neonatal sepsis and/or (ii) Blood, urine or CSF culture positive or signs of pneumonia on chest x-ray. The mean RDW and the relationship between RDW and neonatal sepsis were analysed using appropriate statistical methods in SPSS-25 software.Results: Mean RDW (%) was significantly higher in sepsis neonates (18.59±1.28) than in normal newborns (16.21±1.35). RDW had statistical significance with CRP (C-Reactive Protein) in the sepsis group. RDW had significant relationship with the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis with a p value of 0.000. An RDW cut-off level of 17.25% had 86% sensitivity, 87% specificity, and 93.5% accuracy in diagnosing neonatal sepsis.Conclusions: RDW helps as a diagnostic test in the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.
Does H. pylori therapy augments the effect of iron therapy among children with iron deficiency anemia?
Authors: Husain Arif , Bhatnagar Shrish
Published: March 2020

Background: To assess beneficial effects of H. pylori therapy on children with pre-existing Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA).Methods: A total of 218 consecutive patients with iron deficiency anemia (Hb 6-11 gm/dl) were invited to participate in the study. Patients underwent endoscopic biopsy and rapid urease test for H. pylori detection. A total of three groups were formed- Group I (n=13) - positive for H. pylori, underwent treatment for H. pylori therapy and IDA, Group II (n=16) - positive for H. pylori, underwent treatment for IDA only, Group III (n=101) - negative for H. pylori, underwent treatment for IDA only. All the patients were followed up after every 4 weeks till week 12. Change in haematological parameters and anaemic and iron status was assessed. Chi-square paired ‘t’-test and ANOVA were used using SPSS 21.0.Results: All the 3 groups showed a significant increase in S. Hb, Ferritin and iron levels and a decrease in S. TIBC levels. At 12 weeks, mean S. ferritin and S. iron levels were significantly higher in Groups I and III as compared to Group II while Mean S. TIBC levels were significantly higher in Group II as compared to that in Groups I and II. A total of 73.3% of Group III, 53.8% of Group I and 56.3% of Group II patients had hemoglobin levels >11 g/dl, but difference was not significant (p=0.175).Conclusions: The findings of study showed that H. pylori therapy augments the effect of iron therapy among H. pylori positive children with iron deficiency anemia.
Evaluation of chronic cough in children aged 2 year to 12 years
Authors: Srikanth Debbata , Belavadi Gangadhar B.
Published: March 2020

Background: Chronic cough is a common complaint in children which causes distress and affects the quality of life of parents and children. While cough may be seen as a common condition of childhood without serious consequences, ignoring a cough that may be the sole presenting symptom of an underlying illness can lead to delayed diagnosis and progression to a chronic respiratory morbidity. Aims and objectives of the study was to evaluate the specific diagnosis and prognosis of chronic cough in children aged 2 to 12 years.Methods: A prospective study was done in 100 children with chronic cough (history of cough >4 weeks) at Narayana Hospital, Nellore. Routine investigations like complete blood count with differential count, Mantoux test, sputum examination, and X ray chest and other investigations like bronchoscopy, HIV, CT scan chest and paranasal sinuses, barium swallow, endoscopy and biopsy whenever needed. Pearson Chi square test carried out to quantify significance difference, p value <0.05, considered significant.Results: The mean duration of chronic cough was 56.27 days (1-5 months). Most of the children belonged to <6 years age with higher boys’ prevalence. Breathlessness and fever noticed in 79% cases; it was found mostly in pneumonia cases as compared to other diagnosis (p=0.001). Sputum production noticed in 4, which found to be bronchiectasis. 1 case noticed with regurgitation, which is gastro oesphageal reflux disease. History of triggers for the symptoms of cough, wheeze and breathlessness is found to have a significant correlation with asthma (p=0.000). Asthma in 14% of cases, of which 12 were mild persistent and 2 were moderate persistent. Tuberculosis was diagnosed in 14% cases, Pneumonia in 12% cases, and Bronchiectasis in 12 cases. Undernourished children noticed in 56%, maximum number in tuberculosis group. Asthma was associated with pneumonia, mucous plug obstruction and collapse lung. Recurrent pneumonia was associated with airway anomaly, gastro esophageal reflux disease.Conclusions: It should be remembered that a prolonged cough can be indicative of a more serious underlying condition, and always warrants thorough investigation.
A clinico-etiological evaluation and EEG correlation of neonatal seizures in a tertiary care hospital: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Sharma Kuldeep Kumar , Paimode Sandeep D. , Kour Navjot
Published: March 2020

Background: Neonatal seizure is defined as a paroxysmal alteration in neurological function. The diagnosis of neonatal seizures is difficult to establish because of varied etiologies involved. The incidences vary from 1.5-3.7/1000 live births in term babies.Methods: Hospital based observational study was conducted from December 1, 2016 till March 31, 2018. Universal sampling technique was followed. 93 neonates fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in the study after consent from parents.Results: This study results showed that 60.2% were males. Pre-term delivery occurred in 12.9% neonates. Most common etiology of neonatal seizures was birth asphyxia with 47.3% followed by metabolic abnormalities 32.3%. Abnormal EEG pattern was seen in 29% cases of neonatal seizures.Conclusions: To conclude, the most common aetiology for neonatal seizures was birth asphyxia followed by metabolic abnormalities in which hypoglycaemia was the most common type. A significant association of seizures due to meningitis and metabolic abnormalities was observed with pre-term gestation while abnormal EEG pattern was observed with birth asphyxia and meningitis. EEG findings were found normal in majority of cases of neonatal seizure.
Effect of low dose aspirin on fetal outcome in women at risk for developing pregnancy induced hypertension
Authors: Pradhan Madhusmita , Champatiray Jyotiranjan , S. Kishore V.
Published: March 2020

Background: Though pregnancy induced hypertension is a worldwide problem, it is more prevalent in developing countries particularly south east Asian and African countries. It contributes to 20% of perinatal death and 40-50% of low birth weight babies in India. Fetal salvage is also an important consideration in providing quality care. Low dose aspirin given between 12 weeks to 28 weeks of gestational age in high-risk women at Developing Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH) is anticipated to prevent the development of PIH and complications that arises especially those regarding maternal and fetal mortality due to PIH.Methods: This prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted in the dept of O and G, SCB MC and Hospital, Cuttack during November 2018 to October 2019. Pregnant women between the gestational age of 13 to 28 week were screened for risk factors and included in this study. Low dose aspirin of 60 mg daily till delivery was given to pregnant women who consented to be a part of study randomly with the other group taking placebo.Results: Incidence of IUGR babies in low dose aspirin treated mothers was as low as 1%. Incidence of LBW babies is lower in low dose aspirin treated mothers than with those who were not treated. Mean birth weight in cases was 2780 gm±352 gm vs control 2592 gm±483 gm. There is increased incidence of still birth in high risk group not treated with aspirin. No significant difference in reducing incidence premature deliveries between case and control.Conclusions: Low dose aspirin has a definite role in the prevention of PIH in high risk pregnancy and its complication like IUGR and low birth weight. Low dose aspirin reduces the incidence of PIH. Low dose aspirin can be considered a safe drug without any deleterious side effect for mother and the fetus. Benefits of prevention of PIH, justifies its administration in women at high risk.
Comparison of neonatal electroencephalogram changes in three month old neonates with seizure in Bu-Ali Hospital of Ardabil city, Iran 2017
Authors: Ahmadabadi Farzad , Mirzarahimi Mehrdad , Babaei Masoumeh , Dardashti Sanaz Karimi
Published: March 2020

Background: The prevalence of neonatal seizure in term neonates is 3 per 1000 births, but in preterm newborns is 50 per 1000 births. Babies who have seizures are at high risk of death or neurological disabilities. Seizure is often the first sign of neonatal dysfunction and may be effective in long-term prognosis. EEG is the only available method for the diagnosis of seizures in neonates. Therefore, authors compared EEG changes in the first EEG infant seizure with 3 months of age in newborns who referred to the Aristotelian hospital in Bouali Hospital.Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional descriptive analytical method. In this study, neonates referred to Ardabil Booali Hospital, EEG, were screened for seizure and EEG was monitored 3 months later and the results were evaluated. Finally, all the data were entered into the SPSS-24 statistical analysis program and authors analyzed the data according to the type of variables by statistical tests.Results: In this study, 50 neonates with seizure were enrolled in this study, 70% of which had an average age of 14.92 days. 80% of infants were born at the time of term. The average birth weight was 3.208 kg. 6.2% of infants had abnormal CT scan findings, with an IVH infant and one baby showing brain edema. In this study, only 14% of neonates with abnormal brain strain were observed in the neonatal period and near the seizure. However, after 3 months, 40% of infants experienced abnormal brain stroke findings. Among the changes in EEG with age (p=0.173), gestational age (p=0.616), gender (p=0.176), seizure (p=0.145), neonatal hypoglycemia (p=0.594), hypocalcaemia (p=0.607) no statistic was found.Conclusions: The  results of  this study  showed  that a  small  percentage of  neonates had abnormal EEG in the neonate, but after 3 months of seizure, the larger percentage of them found abnormal EEG.
Barriers to exclusive breast feeding, the missing links: a cross sectional study from Puducherry, India
Authors: Nair Gayathri G. , Arunagirinathan Arul Kumaran , R. Nirmal S. , B. Rajesh Yadav
Published: March 2020

Background: Breast milk, the first natural food for a new-born, provides all the energy and essential nutrients an infant requires for the first 6 months of life. The NHFS -4 survey shows only 45.5% of children are exclusively breastfed (EBF) in Puducherry. This study aims at assessing the socio-demographic characteristics associated with exclusive breastfeeding in a tertiary hospital in Puducherry and identify the barriers in the promotion of exclusive breastfeeding.Methods: Community-based cross-sectional study at a tertiary hospital in Puducherry. Sample size: 115 mothers of 6 months to 2-year-old children, born term gestation with a birth weight of >2.5 kg, attending the Paediatric OPD. Questionnaire-based study comprising of socio-demographic and parameters pertaining to exclusive breast-feeding.Results: Only 44.3% of the mothers have exclusively breastfed in the first 6 months. Shorter duration of spacing between births and caesarean section had significant negative association with exclusive breast-feeding. Most of the mothers received postnatal counselling on breast-feeding (94%) of which 58% were by health care personnel. Despite that, only a sixth (19%) of them were well versed with proper breastfeeding techniques. Poor secretion (45.3%), sore/inverted nipple (23.5%) amounted to the most common of the barriers. Among working mothers, 42.9% attributed their jobs as the cause for early weaning.Conclusions: The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding is still low even among a literate study group. There were no significant association with socio-demographic factors found, but lacunae were identified. A more objective post-natal counselling to mothers involving their caregivers may improve the current scenario.