bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feeding Formula Eliminates the Necessity of Bacterial Dysbiosis and Induces Inflammation and Injury in the Paneth Cell Disruption Murine NEC Model in an Osmolality-Dependent Manner
Authors: Lueschow Shiloh R , Kern Stacy L , Gong Huiyu , Grobe Justin L , Segar Jeffrey L , Carlson Susan J , McElroy Steven J
Published: March 2020

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Formula feeding is a risk factor for NEC and osmolality, which is increased by the fortification that is required for adequate growth of the infant, has been suggested as a potential cause. Our laboratory has shown that Paneth cell disruption followed by induction of dysbiosis can induce NEC-like pathology in the absence of feeds. We hypothesized adding formula feeds to the model would exacerbate intestinal injury and inflammation in an osmolality-dependent manner. NEC-like injury was induced in 14–16 day-old C57Bl/6J mice by Paneth cell disruption with dithizone or diphtheria toxin, followed by feeding rodent milk substitute with varying osmolality (250–1491 mOsm/kg H2O). Animal weight, serum cytokines and osmolality, small intestinal injury, and cecal microbial composition were quantified. Paneth cell-disrupted mice fed formula had significant NEC scores compared to controls and no longer required induction of bacterial dysbiosis. Significant increases in serum inflammatory markers, small intestinal damage, and overall mortality were osmolality-dependent and not related to microbial changes. Overall, formula feeding in combination with Paneth cell disruption induced NEC-like injury in an osmolality-dependent manner, emphasizing the importance of vigilance in designing preterm infant feeds.
Energy, Nutrient and Food Intakes of Male Shift Workers Vary According to the Schedule Type but Not the Number of Nights Worked
Authors: Bucher Della Torre Sophie , Wild Pascal , Dorribo Victor , Danuser Brigitta , Amati Francesca
Published: March 2020

Shift work is associated with increased risk of chronic diseases due to circadian rhythm disruptions and behavioral changes such as in eating habits. Impact of type of shifts and number of night shifts on energy, nutrient and food intake is as yet unknown. Our goal was to analyze shift workers’ dietary intake, eating behavior and eating structure, with respect to frequency of nights worked in a given week and seven schedule types. Eating habits and dietary intakes of 65 male shift workers were analyzed in three steps based on 365 24-h food records: (1) according to the number of nights, (2) in a pooled analysis according to schedule type, and (3) in search of an interaction of the schedule and the timing of intake. Mean nutrient and food group intake during the study period did not depend on the number of nights worked. Amount and distribution of energy intake as well as quality of food, in terms of nutrient and food groups, differed depending on the type of schedule, split night shifts and recovery day (day after night shift) being the most impacted. Shift workers’ qualitative and quantitative dietary intakes varied between different schedules, indicating the need for tailored preventive interventions.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Metabolomics Reveals Qualitative and Quantitative Differences in the Composition of Human Breast Milk and Milk Formulas
Authors: Garwolińska Dorota , Hewelt-Belka Weronika , Kot-Wasik Agata , Sundekilde Ulrik Kræmer
Published: March 2020

Commercial formula milk (FM) constitutes the best alternative to fulfill the nutritional requirements of infants when breastfeeding is precluded. Here, we present the comparative study of polar metabolite composition of human breast milk (HBM) and seven different brands of FM by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results of the multivariate data analysis exposed qualitative and quantitative differences between HBM and FM composition as well as within FM of various brands and in HBM itself (between individual mothers and lactation period). Several metabolites were found exclusively in HBM and FM. Statistically significant higher levels of isoleucine and methionine in their free form were detected in FM samples based on caprine milk, while FM samples based on bovine milk showed a higher level of glucose and galactose in comparison to HBM. The results suggest that the amelioration of FM formulation is imperative to better mimic the composition of minor nutrients in HBM.
The Impact of Moderate-Intensity Continuous or High-Intensity Interval Training on Adipogenesis and Browning of Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Obese Male Rats
Authors: Khalafi Mousa , Mohebbi Hamid , Symonds Michael E. , Karimi Pouran , Akbari Amir , Tabari Elma , Faridnia Mehrsa , Moghaddami Kamilia
Published: March 2020

This study compares the effect of two types of exercise training, i.e., moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) or high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the browning of subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) in obese male rats. Effects on fat composition, metabolites, and molecular markers of differentiation and energy expenditure were examined. Forty male Wistar rats were assigned to lean (n = 8) or obese (n = 32) groups and fed either a standard chow or high-fat obesogenic diet for 10 weeks. Eight lean and obese rats were then blood and tissue sampled, and the remaining obese animals were randomly allocated into sedentary, MICT, or HIIT (running on a treadmill 5 days/week) groups that were maintained for 12 weeks. Obesity increased plasma glucose and insulin and decreased irisin and FGF-21. In scWAT, this was accompanied with raised protein abundance of markers of adipocyte differentiation, i.e., C/EBP-α, C/EBP-β, and PPAR-γ, whereas brown fat-related genes, i.e., PRDM-16, AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α, were reduced as was UCP1 and markers of fatty acid transport, i.e., CD36 and CPT1. Exercise training increased protein expression of brown fat-related markers, i.e., PRDM-16, AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α, and UCP1, together with gene expression of fatty acid transport, i.e., CD36 and CPT1, but decreased markers of adipocyte differentiation, i.e., C/EBP-α, C/EBP-β, and plasma glucose. The majority of these adaptations were greater with HIIT compared to MICT. Our findings indicate that prolonged exercise training promotes the browning of white adipocytes, possibly through suppression of adipogenesis together with white to beige trans-differentiation and is dependent on the intensity of exercise.
Herbal Combinational Medication of Glycyrrhiza glabra, Agastache rugosa Containing Glycyrrhizic Acid, Tilianin Inhibits Neutrophilic Lung Inflammation by Affecting CXCL2, Interleukin-17/STAT3 Signal Pathways in a Murine Model of COPD
Authors: Kim Seung-Hyung , Hong Jung-Hee , Yang Won-Kyung , Geum Jeong-Ho , Kim Hye-Rim , Choi Su-Young , Kang Yun-Mi , An Hyo-Jin , Lee Young-Cheol
Published: March 2020

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is caused by exposure to toxic particles, such as coal fly ash (CFA), diesel-exhaust particle (DEP), and cigarette smoke (CS), leading to chronic bronchitis, mucus production, and a subsequent lung dysfunction. This study, using a mouse model of COPD, aimed to evaluate the effect of herbal combinational medication of Glycyrrhiza glabra (GG), Agastache rugosa (AR) containing glycyrrhizic acid (GA), and tilianin (TN) as active ingredients. GA, a major active component of GG, possesses a range of pharmacological and biological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-oxidative. TN is a major flavonoid that is present in AR. It has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects of potential utility as an anti-COPD agent. The COPD in the mice model was induced by a challenge with CFA and DEP. BALB/c mice received CFA and DEP alternately three times for 2 weeks to induce COPD. The herbal mixture of GG, AR, and TN significantly decreased the number of neutrophils in the lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. It also significantly reduced the production of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CXCL-2), IL-17A, CXCL-1, TNF-α, symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) in BALF and CXCL-2, IL-17A, CXCL-1, MUC5AC, transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1), IL-6, COX-2, NOS-II, and TNF-α mRNA expression in the lung tissue. Notably, a combination of GG and AR was more effective at regulating such therapeutic targets than GG or AR alone. The histolopathological lung injury was alleviated by treatment with the herbal mixture and their active ingredients (especially TN). In this study, the herbal combinational mixture more effectively inhibited neutrophilic airway inflammation by regulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines and CXCL-2 by blocking the IL-17/STAT3 pathway. Therefore, a herbal mixture of GG and AR may be a potential therapeutic agent to treat COPD.
The Impact of Maternal Obesity on Human Milk Macronutrient Composition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Leghi Gabriela , Netting Merryn , Middleton Philippa , Wlodek Mary , Geddes Donna , Muhlhausler Beverly
Published: March 2020

Maternal obesity has been associated with changes in the macronutrient concentration of human milk (HM), which have the potential to promote weight gain and increase the long-term risk of obesity in the infant. This article aimed to provide a synthesis of studies evaluating the effects of maternal overweight and obesity on the concentrations of macronutrients in HM. EMBASE, MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest databases were searched for relevant articles. Two authors conducted screening, data extraction, and quality assessment independently. A total of 31 studies (5078 lactating women) were included in the qualitative synthesis and nine studies (872 lactating women) in the quantitative synthesis. Overall, maternal body mass index (BMI) and adiposity measurements were associated with higher HM fat and lactose concentrations at different stages of lactation, whereas protein concentration in HM did not appear to differ between overweight and/or obese and normal weight women. However, given the considerable variability in the results between studies and low quality of many of the included studies, further research is needed to establish the impact of maternal overweight and obesity on HM composition. This is particularly relevant considering potential implications of higher HM fat concentration on both growth and fat deposition during the first few months of infancy and long-term risk of obesity.
Chemical Characterization, Gastrointestinal Motility and Sensory Evaluation of Dark Chocolate: A Nutraceutical Boosting Consumers’ Health
Authors: Caponio Giusy Rita , Lorusso Michele Pio , Sorrenti Giovanni Trifone , Marcotrigiano Vincenzo , Difonzo Graziana , De Angelis Elisabetta , Guagnano Rocco , Ciaula Agostino Di , Diella Giusy , Logrieco Antonio Francesco , Montagna Maria Teresa , Monaci Linda , De Angelis Maria , Portincasa Piero
Published: March 2020

We performed a comprehensive study encompassing chemical characterization and sensory evaluation of two types of dark chocolate, i.e., artisanal (Choco-A) and industrial (Choco-I), as well as an evaluation of onset of gastrointestinal symptoms and gastrointestinal motility in healthy subjects fed with dark chocolate. Proteomic, lipid and metabolite analysis were performed by LC-MS/MS analysis and the total phenol content and antioxidant activity were estimated in both types of chocolate. Fifty healthy volunteers joined the study of the sensory characteristics of both types of chocolate; another 16 subjects underwent the study of gallbladder and gastric emptying by functional ultrasonography and orocecal transit time by lactulose H2-breath test after ingestion of dark chocolate. Identification of polyphenols, amino acids and fatty acids was carried out in both types of chocolate analysed, and results confirmed their richness in polyphenols, amino acid derivatives and fatty acids (FAs) either saturated (stearic, myristic, palmitic, ecosanoic) or unsaturated (oleic and linolenic). For agreeability, Choco-A scored higher than Choco-I for smell, texture, and taste and they did not show significant differences in the gastrointestinal motility. In conclusion as for gastrointestinal motility studies, we report that the ingestion of a small amount of chocolate induced a mild gallbladder, gastric contraction and a fast transit time compared to the test meal in healthy subjects.
An Approach for Examining the Impact of Food Group-Based Sources of Nutrients on Outcomes with Application to PUFAs and LDL in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Tooze Janet A. , The Natalie S. , Crandell Jamie L. , Couch Sarah C. , Mayer-Davis Elizabeth J. , Koebnick Corinna , Liese Angela D.
Published: March 2020

Traditionally, nutritional epidemiologists have utilized single nutrient or dietary pattern approaches to examine diet-health relationships. However, the former ignores that nutrients are consumed from foods within dietary patterns, and, conversely, dietary patterns may provide little information on mechanisms of action. Substitution provides a framework for estimating diet-health relationships while holding some nutrient intakes constant. We examined substitution effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the SEARCH Nutrition Ancillary Study in the context of food group source. PUFAs were calculated from fatty acids 18:3, 20:5, and 22:6 (n-3), and 18:2 and 20:4 (n-6) from a food frequency questionnaire, quantified by food group. Models were adjusted for other fat intake, carbohydrates, protein, age, race, gender, and diabetes duration. Participants (n = 1441) were 14 years old on average, 51% female, with type 1 diabetes for 3.6 years. Mean intake of PUFAs was 14.9 g/day, and the highest PUFA sources were nonsolid fats, nuts, grains, red/processed meats, sweets/desserts, and high-fat chicken. PUFAs from nuts were inversely associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) (p = 0.03) and PUFAs from high-fat chicken were positively associated with LDL (p < 0.01). Substituting nuts for chicken was associated with −7.4 mg/dL in LDL. These findings illustrate the importance of considering food group-based sources of nutrients when examining diet-health relationships.
Suppression of Parathyroid Hormone as a Proxy for Optimal Vitamin D Status: Further Analysis of Two Parallel Studies in Opposite Latitudes
Authors: Mendes Marcela M. , Hart Kathryn H. , Lanham-New Susan A. , Botelho Patrícia B.
Published: March 2020

Optimal vitamin D status has commonly been defined as the level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) at which parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations would be maximally suppressed, represented by an observed minimum plateau. Previous findings indicate a large variation in this plateau, with values ranging from <30 nmol/L up to 100 nmol/L. This disparity in values might be explained by differences in study design and methodology, ethnicity, age, gender and latitude. This study aimed to investigate the concentration of 25(OH)D at which PTH concentrations were suppressed in Brazilian women living in opposite latitudes (high vs. low: i.e., UK and Brazil), during wintertime. Using data from the D-SOL study (Interaction between Vitamin D Supplementation and Sunlight Exposure in Women Living in Opposite Latitudes), the association between 25(OH)D status and PTH levels were examined in 135 Brazilian women (56 living in England and 79 living in Brazil, aged 20–59 years old). Mean PTH concentrations for Brazilian women with vitamin D deficiency (<25 nmol/L) were significantly higher compared to those with vitamin D insufficiency (25–49.9 nmol/L) (p < 0.01), vitamin D adequacy (50–74.9 nmol/L) (p < 0.01) and those with optimal vitamin D status (>75 nmol/L) (p < 0.001). Regression modelling was used to investigate the relationship between serum 25(OH)D and PTH for the sample as a whole and for each group separately. A cubic model was statistically significant for the total sample (p < 0.001), whereas a linear model presented the best fit for Brazilian women living in England (p = 0.04) and there were no statistically significant models fitted for Brazilian women living in Brazil. The cubic model suggests that 25(OH)D concentrations above 70–80 nmol/L are optimal to suppress the parathyroid gland in Brazilian women. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between 25(OH)D and PTH in populations living in a low latitude location and are of great relevance for discussions regarding the estimation of optimal cut-offs for vitamin D levels in the Brazilian population as well as for other low latitude locations.
Associations Among BMI, Dietary Macronutrient Consumption, and Climacteric Symptoms in Korean Menopausal Women
Authors: Kim Gi , Chun Hyejin , Doo Miae
Published: March 2020

Many postmenopausal women individually experience varying degrees of climacteric symptoms. Among the many influencing factors, body weight and diet are recognized as important contributors to the incidence and severity of these symptoms. This study was performed to investigate the interaction effect of BMI (body mass index) and dietary consumption on the risk of climacteric symptoms among Korean women. Approximately half of the subjects (48.8%) experienced climacteric symptoms. After adjusting for the covariates, the subjects who are overweight or obese showed significantly greater total scores of climacteric symptoms (p = 0.010) and subscales of symptoms (p = 0.027 for physical climacteric symptoms and p = 0.007 for psychological climacteric symptoms), except for urogenital climacteric symptoms (p = 0.085), than those subjects at a normal weight. When subjects were divided into groups according to dietary macronutrient consumption, those who are overweight or obese were 2.84-fold (adjusted odds ratio, 95% CI = 1.18-6.80, p = 0.019) more likely to experience climacteric symptoms than those at a normal weight among the subjects with high fat consumption. However, the BMI category did not affect the adjusted odds ratio for experiencing climacteric symptoms among subjects who consumed a low-fat diet.
Effects of a Ketogenic Diet on Muscle Fatigue in Healthy, Young, Normal-Weight Women: A Randomized Controlled Feeding Trial
Authors: Sjödin Anna , Hellström Fredrik , Sehlstedt EwaCarin , Svensson Michael , Burén Jonas
Published: March 2020

Ketogenic low-carbohydrate high-fat (LCHF) diets are increasingly popular in broad sections of the population. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a non-energy-restricted ketogenic LCHF diet on muscle fatigue in healthy, young, and normal-weight women. Twenty-four women were randomly allocated to a 4-week ketogenic LCHF diet followed by a 4-week control diet (a National Food Agency recommended diet), or the reverse sequence due to the crossover design. Treatment periods were separated by a 15 week washout period. Seventeen women completed the study and were included in the analyses. Treatment effects were evaluated using mixed models. The ketogenic LCHF diet had no effect on grip strength or time to fatigue, measured with handgrip test (day 24–26). However, cycling time to fatigue decreased with almost two minutes (−1.85 min 95% CI:[−2.30;−1.40]; p < 0.001) during incremental cycling (day 25–27), accommodated with higher ratings of perceived exertion using the Borg scale (p < 0.01). Participants’ own diary notes revealed experiences of muscle fatigue during daily life activities, as well as during exercise. We conclude that in young and healthy women, a ketogenic LCHF diet has an unfavorable effect on muscle fatigue and might affect perceived exertion during daily life activities.
The Power of Packaging: A Scoping Review and Assessment of Child-Targeted Food Packaging
Authors: Elliott Charlene , Truman Emily
Published: March 2020

Child-targeted food marketing is a significant public health concern, prompting calls for its regulation. Product packaging is a powerful form of food marketing aimed at children, yet no published studies examine the range of literature on the topic or the “power” of its marketing techniques. This study attempts such a task. Providing a systematic scoping review of the literature on child-targeted food packaging, we assesses the nutritional profile of these foods, the types of foods examined, and the creative strategies used to attract children. Fifty-seven full text articles were reviewed. Results identify high level trends in methodological approaches (content analysis, 38%), outcomes measured (exposure, 44%) and with respect to age. Studies examining the nutritional profile of child-targeted packaged foods use various models, classifying from anywhere from 41% to 97% of products as unhealthy. Content analyses track the prevalence of child-targeted techniques (cartoon characters as the most frequently measured), while other studies assess their effectiveness. Overall, this scoping review offers important insights into the differences between techniques tracked and those measured for effectiveness in existing literature, and identifies gaps for future research around the question of persuasive power—particularly when it comes to children’s age and the specific types of techniques examined.
Study of In Vitro and In Vivo Carbamazepine Release from Coarse and Nanometric Pharmaceutical Emulsions Obtained via Ultra-High-Pressure Homogenization
Authors: Echeverri Juan D. , Alhajj Maria J. , Montero Nicolle , Yarce Cristhian J. , Barrera-Ocampo Alvaro , Salamanca Constain H.
Published: March 2020

In the past decade, pharmaceutical nanotechnology has proven to be a promising alternative for improving the physicochemical and biopharmaceutical features for conventional pharmaceutical drug formulations. The goal of this study was to develop, characterize, and evaluate the in vitro and in vivo release of the model drug carbamazepine (CBZ) from two emulsified formulations with different droplet sizes (coarse and nanometric). Briefly, oil-in-water emulsions were developed using (i) Sacha inchi oil, ultrapure water, TweenTM 80, and SpanTM 80 as surfactants, (ii) methyl-paraben and propyl-paraben as preservatives, and (iii) CBZ as a nonpolar model drug. The coarse and nanometric emulsions were prepared by rotor–stator dispersion and ultra-high-pressure homogenization (UHPH), respectively. The in vitro drug release studies were conducted by dialysis, whereas the in vivo drug release was evaluated in New Zealand breed rabbits. The results showed that nanoemulsions were physically more stable than coarse emulsions, and that CBZ had a very low release for in vitro determination (<2%), and a release of 20% in the in vivo study. However, it was found that nanoemulsions could significantly increase drug absorption time from 12 h to 45 min.
Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory Activities and Polyphenol Profile of Rhamnus prinoides
Authors: Chen Gui-Lin , Munyao Mutie Fredrick , Xu Yong-Bing , Saleri Flora Didii , Hu Guang-Wan , Guo Ming-Quan
Published: March 2020

Rhamnus prinoides L’Herit (R. prinoides) has long been widely consumed as folk medicine in Kenya and other Africa countries. Previous studies indicated that polyphenols were abundant in genus Rhamnus and exhibited outstanding antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, there are very few studies on such pharmacological activities and the polyphenol profile of this plant up to now. In the present study, the antioxidant activities of the crude R. prinoides extracts (CRE) and the semi-purified R. prinoides extracts (SPRE) of polyphenol enriched fractions were evaluated to show the strong radical scavenging effects against 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) hydrazyl (DPPH) (0.510 ± 0.046 and 0.204 ± 0.005, mg/mL), and 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) (0.596 ± 0.005 and 0.096 ± 0.004, mg/mL), respectively. Later, the SPRE with higher contents of polyphenols and flavonoids displayed obvious anti-inflammatory activities through reducing the NO production at the dosage of 11.11 − 100 μg/mL, and the COX-2 inhibitory activity with an IC50 value at 20.61 ± 0.13 μg/mL. Meanwhile, the HPLC-UV/ESI-MS/MS analysis of polyphenol profile of R. prinoides revealed that flavonoids and their glycosides were the major ingredients, and potentially responsible for its strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. For the first time, the present study comprehensively demonstrated the chemical profile of R. prinoides, as well as noteworthy antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, which confirmed that R. prinoides is a good natural source of polyphenols and flavonoids, and provided valuable information on this medicinal plant as folk medicine and with good potential for future healthcare practice.
Upregulated Connexin 43 Induced by Loss-of-Functional S284L-Mutant α4 Subunit of Nicotinic ACh Receptor Contributes to Pathomechanisms of Autosomal Dominant Sleep-Related Hypermotor Epilepsy
Authors: Fukuyama Kouji , Fukuzawa Masashi , Okubo Ruri , Okada Motohiro
Published: March 2020

To study the pathomechanism and pathophysiology of autosomal dominant sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy (ADSHE), this study determined functional abnormalities of glutamatergic transmission in the thalamocortical motor pathway, from the reticular thalamic nucleus (RTN), motor thalamic nuclei (MoTN) tosecondary motor cortex (M2C) associated with the S286L-mutant α4β2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and the connexin43 (Cx43) hemichannel of transgenic rats bearing the rat S286L-mutant Chrna4 gene (S286L-TG), which corresponds to the human S284L-mutant CHRNA4 gene using multiprobe microdialysis, primary cultured astrocytes and a Simple Western system. Expression of Cx43 in the M2C plasma membrane fraction of S286L-TG was upregulated compared with wild-type rats. Subchronic nicotine administration decreased Cx43 expression of wild-type, but did not affect that of S286L-TG; however, zonisamide (ZNS) decreased Cx43 in both wild-type and S286L-TG. Primary cultured astrocytes of wild-type were not affected by subchronic administration of nicotine but was decreased by ZNS. Upregulated Cx43 enhanced glutamatergic transmission during both resting and hyperexcitable stages in S286L-TG. Furthermore, activation of glutamatergic transmission associated with upregulated Cx43 reinforced the prolonged Cx43 hemichannel activation. Subchronic administration of therapeutic-relevant doses of ZNS compensated the upregulation of Cx43 and prolonged reinforced activation of Cx43 hemichannel induced by physiological hyperexcitability during the non-rapid eye movement phase of sleep. The present results support the primary pathomechanisms and secondary pathophysiology of ADSHE seizures of patients with S284L-mutation.
Molecules to Microbes
Authors: Jheeta Sohan
Published: March 2020

How did life begin on Earth? And is there life elsewhere in the Cosmos? Challenging questions, indeed. The series of conferences established by NoR CEL in 2013, addresses these very same questions. The basis for this paper is the summary report of oral presentations that were delivered by NoR CEL’s network members during the 2018 Athens conference and, as such, disseminates the latest research which they have put forward. More in depth material can be found by consulting the contributors referenced papers. Overall, the outcome of this conspectus on the conference demonstrates a case for the existence of “probable chemistry” during the prebiotic epoch.
Survey on Non-Human Primates and Mosquitoes Does not Provide Evidences of Spillover/Spillback between the Urban and Sylvatic Cycles of Yellow Fever and Zika Viruses Following Severe Outbreaks in Southeast Brazil
Authors: Abreu Filipe Vieira Santos de , Ferreira-de-Brito Anielly , Azevedo Adriana de Souza , Linhares José Henrique Rezende , de Oliveira Santos Vanessa , Hime Miranda Emily , Neves Maycon Sebastião Alberto Santos , Yousfi Lena , Ribeiro Ieda Pereira , Santos Alexandre Araújo Cunha dos , dos Santos Edmilson , Santos Taissa Pereira dos , Teixeira Danilo Simonini , Gomes Marcelo Quintela , Fernandes Camilla Bayma , Silva Andrea Marques Vieira da , Lima Monique da Rocha Queiroz , Paupy Christophe , Romano Alessandro Pecego Martins , Ano Bom Ana Paula Dinis , Oliveira-Pinto Luzia Maria de , Moutailler Sara , Motta Monique de Albuquerque , Castro Márcia Gonçalves , Bonaldo Myrna Cristina , Maria Barbosa de Lima Sheila , Lourenço-de-Oliveira Ricardo
Published: March 2020

In the last decade, Flaviviruses such as yellow fever (YFV) and Zika (ZIKV) have expanded their transmission areas. These viruses originated in Africa, where they exhibit both sylvatic and interhuman transmission cycles. In Brazil, the risk of YFV urbanization has grown, with the sylvatic transmission approaching the most densely populated metropolis, while concern about ZIKV spillback to a sylvatic cycle has risen. To investigate these health threats, we carried out extensive collections and arbovirus screening of 144 free-living, non-human primates (NHPs) and 5219 mosquitoes before, during, and after ZIKV and YFV outbreaks (2015–2018) in southeast Brazil. ZIKV infection was not detected in any NHP collected at any time. In contrast, current and previous YFV infections were detected in NHPs sampled between 2017 and 2018, but not before the onset of the YFV outbreak. Mosquito pools screened by high-throughput PCR were positive for YFV when captured in the wild and during the YFV outbreak, but were negative for 94 other arboviruses, including ZIKV, regardless of the time of collection. In conclusion, there was no evidence of YFV transmission in coastal southeast Brazil before the current outbreak, nor the spread or establishment of an independent sylvatic cycle of ZIKV or urban Aedes aegypti transmission of YFV in the region. In view of the region’s receptivity and vulnerability to arbovirus transmission, surveillance of NHPs and mosquitoes should be strengthened and continuous.
PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT OF THE PROFESSIONAL PREPARATION BACHELORS IN AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE INFORMATIONAL AND EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Dotsenko Nataliia
Published: March 2020

Preparation of bachelors in agro-engineering in the conditions of informational and educational environment provides a number of features: orientation to practice; mobility; competence approach; information culture; research cooperation; level differentiation in the preparation of applicants for higher education in agricultural engineering specialties.
An analysis of the needs of the employer during the hiring of specialists in agricultural engineering was carried out. They took as a basis the design, scientific, research, organizational, management and design-technological components of the activities of applicants for higher education in engineering majors. In the course of our research, a survey was conducted among specialists of enterprises of the Mykolaiv and Kherson regions who employ agricultural engineers. The following issues were investigated: competence of future agricultural engineers in the field of design and development activities; competence of future agricultural engineers in research activities; competence of future agricultural engineers in organizational and management activities; competence of future agricultural engineers during the design and technological activity.
DIALOGISM AS A PRINCIPLE OF MODERN EDUCATION
Authors: Sakun Ayta
Published: March 2020

Becoming a person is a fundamentally dialogic process. That is why at least two people are always involved in it. In their intersubjective interaction, meaning is created. A multifaceted dialogue with culture reveals unity in the diversity of aspects of a human's personality. Dialogue in this sense is a specific activity aimed to state the meanings and values.
The idea of “communication” was enshrined in the teachings and concepts that emerged in the early XXth century. A significant impetus for its development was philosophy of K. Jaspers. Especially popular problem of "communication" has become in the philosophical teachings of the last decades of the last century. Of these, the concept of K.-O. Apel and Y. Habermas are on the first place.
Education involves the change of all subjects involved in the process of teaching. A new system of education is impossible without the transition from a subject-objective approach to a subjectsubjective approach. This approach is possible only on the basis of an appropriate educational philosophy, the main principle of which is dialogism.
NATURAL PHILOSOPHY IN PERSONALITY’S WORLDVIEW
Authors: Berehova Halyna
Published: March 2020

The article claims that the assimilation of knowledge from the natural philosophy should help future professionals to form worldviews in the range of "man - nature", namely: to grasp the integrity of nature and its fundamentality rationally, to comprehend nature as a general, limiting concept that explains the scheme of understanding individual things; as a regulatory idea that allows us to understand all things and all objects in their unity and in different forms, to build a rational scientific picture of the world, by filling in the data of natural science and discovering the internal principles of interconnection and determination of things, to reveal different levels of nature as a whole – from inorganic nature to life in general and human life in particular. It is a fragment of a pragmatist-instrumentalist philosophicaleducational system, which consists in effective purposeful influence on the individual through a specific tool - philosophical knowledge. Here, natural philosophy becomes an instrument of intellectual discourse of the individual, and its study is a pragma (action) on the way to forming the world outlook of the individual and the universal picture of the world. It is the natural and philosophical knowledge that shapes the worldviews of the new (modern) personality, helping to understand the totality of the objective conditions of humanity's existence and to define its survival as a pressing problem of the present.
Housing Insecurity and Risk of Adverse Kidney Outcomes
Authors: Novick Tessa K. , Omenyi Chiazam , Han Dingfen , Zonderman Alan B. , Evans Michele K. , Crews Deidra C.
Published: March 2020

Background

Housing insecurity is characterized by high housing costs or unsafe living conditions that prevent self-care and threaten independence. We examined the relationship of housing insecurity and risk of kidney disease.

Methods

We used longitudinal data from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study (Baltimore, MD). We used multivariable regression to quantify associations between housing insecurity and rapid kidney function decline (loss of >5 ml/min per 1.73 m2 of eGFR per year) and, among those without kidney disease at baseline, incident reduced kidney function (eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2) and incident albuminuria (urine albumin-creatinine ratio [ACR] ≥30 mg/g).

Results

Among 1262 participants, mean age was 52 years, 40% were male and 57% were black. A total of 405 (32%) reported housing insecurity. After a median of 3.5 years of follow-up, rapid kidney function decline, incident reduced kidney function, and incident albuminuria occurred in 199 (16%), 64 (5%), and 74 (7%) participants, respectively. Housing insecurity was associated with increased odds of incident albuminuria (unadjusted OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.29 to 3.29; adjusted OR, 3.23; 95% CI, 1.90 to 5.50) but not rapid kidney function decline or incident reduced kidney function.

Conclusions

In this urban population, housing insecurity was associated with increased risk of subsequent albuminuria. Increased recognition of housing insecurity as a social determinant of kidney disease is needed, and risk-reduction efforts that specifically target populations experiencing housing insecurity should be considered.
Performance Comparison of EIGRP, OSPF and RIP Routing Protocols using Cisco Packet Tracer and OPNET Simulator
Authors: Hossain Md. Anwar , Ali Md. Mohon , Akter Mst. Sharmin , Alam Sajib Md. Shahriar
Published: March 2020

In this paper, the intention has to create a network configuration that is similar for all
routing protocols RIP, OSPF, and EIGRP by which we want to analysis the performance of these protocols using Cisco Packet Tracer and OPNET simulator. We use various protocols for forwarding the packets in a network topology. For successful delivery of the packets from the source node to the accurate destination node, the routers maintain a routing table. The amount of network information stored by a router depends on its algorithm. For the performance measure, we will simulate real-time scenarios of the networks using Cisco Packet Tracer and OPNET simulation tools. We will evaluate the performance of EIGRP, OSPF, and RIP based on of network convergence, Ethernet delay, security, and bandwidth requirement, etc. We will observe that the EIGRP routing protocol has the maximum link utilization followed by OSPF, and RIP routing protocols.
L’inachèvement comme un inaccomplissement : les desseins des tragédies de Brjusov
Authors: Strachkova Olga
Published: March 2020

Валерий Брюсов в своих драматургических опытах — традиционалист. Задуманные им драмы, комедии, трагедии не соответствовали декларативным принципам символистов. Вероятно, этим несоответствием можно частично объяснить большое количество незавершенных драм : из сорока восьми обнаруженных нами в Отделе рукописей Российской Государственной библиотеки текстов только восемнадцать завершены. Настойчивее всего Брюсов экспериментировал в жанре трагедии : из четырнадцати задуманных произведений опубликована только одна — Протесилай умерший. В основе сюжета предполагаемых трагедий Брюсова были известные прототексты, например, первый замысел 1894 года Помпей Великий. Транскрипцией античных мифов или трагедий являются анализируемые наброски Марка Антония, Гибели Атлантиды, Эдипа и Лихаса. Особое место в освоении Брюсовым жанра трагедии занимает Гамлет Шекспира. Брюсов ориентировался на Гамлета в поисках своего метода отображения психологии трагического героя. В 1894 году Брюсов посвятил Шекспиру замысел собственного Гамлета, написав в тетради без излишней скромности : « Посвящаю, конечно, Шекспиру, как брат брату ». Однако « братом » Шекспиру Брюсов так и не стал, оставив амбициозные замыслы трагедий незавершенными, при том, что Протесилай умерший свидетельствует о его высоком драматургическом потенциале.
Un fragment des réflexions sur une initialité des textes modernistes russes
Authors: Obatnine Gennadi
Published: March 2020

Феноменология минимализма в русском литературном модернизме связана со стратегией незавершенности текста. Большая незавершенная форма воплощалась, например, в романах Андрея Белого, воспринимавшихся автором как « миниатюры ». В том, что касается текстов малого объема, бинарная оппозиция « завершенность/незавершенность » дала или жанровые образцы минималистской завершенности (сентенции), или минималистской незавершенности (отрывки). Отдельного внимания заслуживает создание русскими символистами эффекта законченной незаконченности или эстетической завершенности незаконченных текстов. Самым известным примером текста с этим эффектом служит дневник. Творчество Вяч. Иванова, М. Гершензона, Ф. Жица и других авторов становится материалом для изучения малой интеллектуальной прозы, которая с точки зрения жанрового определения может метафорически и окказионально получить наименования прозы-зерна.
Le poème spirituel inachevé de G. V. Golohvastov La Très Sainte Mère de Dieu, une Odighitria de l’émigration russe
Authors: Aleksenko Anastassia
Published: March 2020

Предметом исследования впервые является замысел духовной поэмы Пресвятая Богородица — Одигитрия русского зарубежья, обнаруженный в архиве Г. В. Голохвастова (1882-1963), русского поэта, эмигрировавшего в Соединенные Штаты Америки в 1920 году. Архив Голохвастова необработан. Духовная поэма — жанровое определение, которое Автор условно дал сохранившимся рукописным материалам Георгия Голохвастова. Этот незавершенный текст, представленный вступительной главой — акафистом Богородице, позволяет утверждать, что образ Богородицы является важнейшей составляющей западного концепта традиционно именуемого « русской душой » ; образ Девы Марии играет особую роль в национальной самоидентификации поэта-эмигранта и обретает конкретные художественные формы в его завершенных произведений.
Features of Physical Development of Schoolchildren and Students Engaged
in Physical Education and Sports
Authors: Agafonov AI , Zulkarnaev ТR , Povargo EA , Stepanov ЕG , Akhmetshina RA , Khusainov AE
Published: March 2020

Introduction. A distinctive feature of the modern lifestyle of children and adolescents is insufficient physical
activity having a negative effect on their health. We conducted a physical activity survey for 997 schoolchildren and 597
students of the city of Ufa. Results. The results showed that 688 respondents (43.16%) did not do sport outside school
or university. 272 people (17.06%) reported jogging and playing sports games on their own. 634 respondents (39.78%)
attended sports clubs and sections on a regular basis. The survey demonstrated that physically inactive students and
schoolchildren violated daily routine. Such schoolchildren spent significantly more leisure time on television viewing
(52.78%) compared to their peers attending sports clubs (41.36%). The percentage of schoolchildren spending much time
on the computer among those not doing sport was also higher (58.59% vs 41.47%). The same trend was observed in the
students: 36.24% of the students not practicing sport spent most of their leisure time on the computer. Physically active
students spent enough time outdoors as compared to those not doing sport (23.40% vs 11.15%). Conclusions. The surveyed
schoolchildren and students revealed age and gender differences in sports patterns. The duration of training and the level
of sportsmanship was higher in boys than in girls. We also observed the increase with age in the number and duration
of training, as well as the level of sportsmanship. The health status analysis showed that the schoolchildren and students
doing sport had significantly more harmonious physical development, while disharmonious physical development was
more common among physically inactive persons. The pupils and students practicing sport regularly showed higher lung
vital capacity, hand muscle strength, and a higher level of adaptation.
EMPLOYEE’S PRODUCTIVITY: THE MOST DOMINANT FACTORS
Authors: Zakaria Noorul Huda , Alias Muhazita , Rani Norhamimah
Published: March 2020

An employee is the most important element in the success of a company. In order to achieve the optimum productivity of goods or services, the underlying factors of employee performance are very crucial to be identified. Employers should provide a conducive working environment to ensure that the employees can perform well and satisfactorily towards the success of the company. This paper, therefore, was conducted to determine the most influencing factor of employee’s productivity. The aim is also to investigate the relationship between employee’s productivity and three identified factors which are motivation, working environment and job satisfaction. Besides, the study also aims to examine the strategies to improve the productivity of employees. The respondents were 80 staff of Elektro Serve (M) Sdn. Bhd. (ESMSB) which is based in Paka, Terengganu. In ensuring the stability of information generated, cross-sectional data was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire. Correlation and regression analysis were conducted in analysing the data gathered. The finding shows that motivation is the most influencing factor of employee productivity followed by job satisfaction. Thus, it can be concluded that motivation and job satisfaction are the most dominant factors that contribute to the employee’s productivity.
GREEN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT PRACTICES: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Che Razak Razli , Ibrahim Nor Zawani
Published: March 2020

Evidence that green supply chain management is one of the best practices contributing to economic and environmental performance has been acknowledged in the literature. The purpose of this study is to review 100 articles on green supply chain management practices from the year 2000 until the year 2019. A content analysis methodology was employed to classify the articles. Approximately 100 articles on green supply chain management practices were analysed using SPSS 22 to determine the frequency and percentage in the year of study, dimensions of green supply chain management practices, geographical area, and types of methodology. The results show that numerous articles were published in the year 2015, green purchasing is the most common dimension discussed by researchers, the highest publication is in Asia, and the most common research method is empirical (survey/cross-sectional) approach. Supply Chain Management is the top journal publishing articles on green supply chain management practices. The originality of this paper is to systematically review 100 articles on green supply chain management practices using content analysis methodology, which has been overlooked by previous researches. Future studies may analyse types of theory, objectives, and the findings of different articles to get a better picture of green supply chain management practices trend.
Impact of Accountant Resource on Quality of Accounting Information System: Evidence from Vietnamese Small and Medium Enterprises
Authors: Thanh Binh Vu Thi , Tran Nhat-Minh , Thanh Do Minh , Hong Nga Nguyen Thi
Published: March 2020

Improving the quality of accounting information systems through accountant resources is beneficial to the performance and sustainable development of SMEs. This study investigated the impact of accountant resources on the quality of accounting information systems in Vietnamese SMEs. Accounting information system quality was measured by a multidimensional scale including system quality, information quality, and usefulness. The study tested hypotheses using Path analysis of Structural Equation Model based on 434 respondents. The findings indicated a strong interaction between the components of the accounting information system quality under the effect of accountant resources. The results showed a positive direct effect of accountant resources on system quality and the path analysis results also revealed an influence of accountant resources on information quality and usefulness via mediating variables. The results highlighted the importance of accountant resources for the quality of accounting information systems. This study contributed theoretically to the non-financial indicator for measuring accounting information system quality.
Sistem Informasi Ketersediaan Obat menggunakan Framework Laravel di Apotek Mugi Sehat Limpung Batang
Authors: Astutik Esti , Mustagfirin Mustagfirin
Published: March 2020

Keberadaan komputer saat ini sangatlah penting dalam pengolahan data. Karena teknologi komputer sangatlah membantu dalam mempercepat, mempermudah dan menciptakan keakuratan pengolahan data. Salah satunya dalam bidang kesehatan seperti farmasi yang sudah banyak menggunakan sistem informasi, didesain khusus untuk menangani berbagai lingkup inventory. Aplikasi yang dapat membantu proses inventory data obat Apotek Mugi Sehat saat ini belum diterapkan, persediaan data obat masih dilakukan dengan cara manual setiap melakukan pendataan laporan data barang masuk dan keluar masih menggunakan buku besar. Maka, perlu disediakan suatu sistem yang mampu mengelola data obat dengan terkomputerisasi tentu akan lebih memudahkan dalam pengelolaan ketersediaan obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan aplikasi inventory (ketersediaan) data obat, yang nantinya dapat membantu mempermudah dalam menyajikan informasi persediaan data-data obat dan mempermudah pengelolaan sistem inventori obat dalam melakukan pendataan obat agar lebih efisien. Sistem ini dibangun dengan framework PHP yaitu Laravel versi 5.6 dan didukung dengan database MySQL untuk mengolah basis datanya. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah sebuah Sistem Informasi Ketersediaan Obat Menggunakan Framework Laravel Di Apotek Mugi Sehat Limpung Batang.