bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early- and mid-term outcomes following redo aortic surgeries: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Akintoye Oluwanifemi , Mishra Namrata , De Silva Ravi
Published: October 2024

Background

Redo aortic surgeries are complex procedures known to be associated with increased morbidity and mortality compared to patients who undergo de novo aortic procedures. We aimed to report the survival and outcomes following redo aortic surgeries in our centre. We performed a retrospective cohort study of 77 patients who underwent redo aortic surgery between January 1st, 2018, and August 30th, 2023. The primary outcome of interest was operative mortality. Other secondary outcomes of interest included overall mortality, survival rates, and other peri-operative major adverse events. Survival analysis was performed and Cox- proportional hazard regression models were fitted to explore the relationship between exposure variables and outcomes of interest in the total cohort of patients.

Results

The mean age of the total cohort was 64.22 ± 12.22 years with majority being males (n = 57, 69.3%). The most common indication for redo surgery was aortic aneurysm (n = 41, 53.2%) and majority of the patients had a first redo aortic surgery (n = 69, 89.6%). The rate of freedom from in-hospital mortality was 63.1% (95% confidence interval (CI) 35.4–100%). Overall survival rate during the 5-year study period was 73.1% (95% CI 62.6–85.4%) in the whole cohort. The factors found to be predictive of overall mortality were priority of surgery hazard ratio (HR) 3.48 (95% CI 1.20–10.05, p = 0.02), time to re-operation HR 0.89 (95% CI 0.81–0.99, p = 0.025), pre-operative chronic kidney disease HR 3.16 (95% CI 1.18–8.43, p = 0.022), need for mechanical circulatory support HR 12.7 (95% CI 4.23–38.12, P < 0.001), post-operative renal dysfunction requiring hemofiltration HR 4.03 (95% CI 1.50–10.79, p = 0.006), and post-op re-exploration HR 47.82 (95% CI 13.9–164.4, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Our study shows that short-term and mid-term outcomes following redo aortic surgery are favourable. The factors found to be associated with overall mortality include post-op re-exploration, renal dysfunction, use of post-op mechanical circulatory support, priority of surgery, and time to re-operation.

Graphical Abstract

Summary of outcomes following redo aortic surgery over a 5-year period (2018–2013). CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; CKD, chronic kidney disease, AKI, acute kidney injury, MCS, mechanical circulatory support.
Successful surgical repair of aortic root rupture during transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a case report
Authors: Numaguchi Ryosuke , Yokoyama Noriyuki , Ishikawa Kazunori , Koya Atsuhiro , Tokuda Yusuke , Shingaki Masami
Published: October 2024

Background

Aortic root rupture is a rare but potentially fatal complication of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Herein, we report a case of aortic root rupture during TAVI that was successfully managed with partial aortic root repair and aortic valve replacement.

Case presentation

An 83-year-old woman with severe bicuspid aortic stenosis underwent transfemoral TAVI using a 26 mm SAPIEN 3 Ultra RESILIA valve. Soon after valve implantation, transesophageal echocardiography detected pericardial effusion, which was accompanied by immediate hemodynamic instability. Subxiphoid pericardial drainage was performed, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was promptly initiated. Owing to the eruptive hemorrhage, we converted to open-heart surgery. Direct visualization enabled the detection of the aortic root rupture and the performance of partial aortic root repair using bovine pericardium and aortic valve replacement using a 19 mm INSPIRIS RESILIA valve. The patient was transferred to a different hospital 60 days after surgery without complications and is currently doing well as an outpatient.

Conclusions

In the present case, prompt treatment decisions and smooth cooperation among the institutional heart team led to the successful repair of aortic root rupture during TAVI and good clinical outcomes.
Intraoperative Anesthesia-Related Critical Events in Low-Resource Hospitals During Short-Term Surgical Missions in Tanzania and Democratic Republic of the Congo: An Observational Study
Authors: Ponthus Simon , Omari Amina , Tesha Selerina , Mbuza Castram , Peruzzo Alexis , Kabuya Pierre , Yamuremye Richard , Dumont Lionel
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:

Critical incidents and mortality related to anesthesia are more frequently observed in low- and middle-income countries in comparison to high-income countries. The difficulties linked to anesthesia in rural areas of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Tanzania have limited documentation. The aim of this study was to comprehensively document anesthesia-related critical events that occurred during surgical missions organized by the nongovernmental organization 2nd Chance in hospitals in DRC and Tanzania.

METHODS:

Data were collected during 6 surgical missions in 3 hospitals in the DRC and 1 in Tanzania. All scheduled surgery patients were included. Anesthesia was administered by a local Non-Physician Anesthesia Provider (NPAP), using local resources, under the supervision of an anesthesiologist from the association. The anesthesiologist reported critical events and collected data. Local teams managed critical events initially, with intervention by the anesthesiologist from 2nd Chance on the local team’s request, according to preestablished protocol or if the situation was considered dangerous. Critical incidents associated with anesthesia, including bradycardia, hypoxemia, airway management failure, and equipment problems, were documented from induction of anesthesia until discharge from the recovery room.

RESULTS:

We recruited 201 patients, of whom 192 were evaluated, with 9 patients dropping out due to protocol noncompliance. All patients were American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I (62%; n = 120) or ASA II (38%; n = 72). Among them, 104 individuals (54%) experienced at least 1 critical event, totaling 202 critical events. Hypoxemia emerged as the most common event, affecting 29% of the patients (n = 55) with at least 1 episode. Equipment problems (oxygen supply and/or anesthesia machine failure) occurred in 24% of cases (n = 46), airway management issues in 23% (n = 44), and bradycardia in 6% (n = 12). Hypotension and hypertension were not documented due to the lack of monitoring. The majority of these events (over 60%) required intervention by the anesthesiologist.

CONCLUSIONS:

The occurrence of critical events related to anesthesia appears to be high in this study. Due to numerous limitations, these results cannot be generalized to all hospitals in Tanzania and the DRC. However, this study underscores the challenges faced by anesthesia teams, encompassing inadequate resources, equipment deficiencies, and varying levels of expertise among anesthesia personnel. The research further stresses the significance of addressing these challenges to enhance patient safety.
A high-fat plus high-sucrose diet induces age-related macular degeneration in an experimental rabbit model
Authors: Wang Yujiao , Lv Zhongping , Chen Yongjiang , Cen Xiaobo , Zhang Hui , Chen Danian
Published: October 2024

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness. Metabolic disorders and diets are risk factors. We compared lipid profiles and retinal phenotypes with long-term feeding of four diets in male Chinchilla rabbits. Animals were fed a normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), high-sucrose diet (HSD) or a high-fat plus high-sucrose diet (HFSD) for 6 months. Eyes were examined using multimodal imaging modalities and electroretinograms. Retinal sections were analyzed using H&E staining, Toluidine Blue staining, immunostaining and transmission electron microscopy. Lipids and complement C3 protein (C3) in serum or aqueous humor were measured. RNA sequencing was performed to evaluate the retinal transcriptomes. HFD and HSD had minor effects on lipid profiles but, when fed concomitantly, synergistically induced severe dyslipidemia. None of the four diets caused obesity. HFSD induced retinal lesions, such as reticular pseudodrusen (RPDs) and other pigmentary abnormalities. RPD-like lesions were mainly lipid droplets around cells of the retinal pigment epithelium. HFSD also induced elevated levels of ocular C3 and reduced the density of retinal vessels. In conclusion, HFD and HSD can – when combined − induce normal-weight dyslipidemia and RPD-like retinal lesions. HFSD-fed male Chinchilla rabbits are a good model of early AMD.
Re-conceptualising the Theory of Justice and the Needs of Victims of Sexual Violence in Nigeria: an Appraisal of a Victim Centered Approach
Authors: Izu Cynthia Chukwufumnanya , Fabamise Sesan , Oyewole Oriola
Published: October 2024

Abstract Background In the 21st century, the recognition of the rights and needs of victims of sexual violence has emerged as a fundamental discourse within international, regional, and local policy agendas. This has been influenced by the lasting psychological, emotional, and physical effects of sexual violence on the victims. These commentaries and agitation have spurred the need for alternative ways in which the Nigerian criminal justice system can be strengthened by incorporating criminal justice mechanisms and interventions that would enhance the needs and interests of victims in accessing justice despite its adversarial system of justice. Methods This study aims to appraise the different mechanisms of justice, needs, and interests of victims of sexual violence through a theoretical lens and drawing lessons from South Africa and Australia. To achieve this work, a doctrinal research methodology that utilized existing literature and secondary sources such as textbooks and online websites was adopted. Results The study found that there is a need for accountability for the protection of victims, implementation of legislation, and scaling up of resources for effective support services. In addition, the absence of resources, effective monitoring and compliance institutions, monitoring reports, specialized courts, and special regulations hampers the implementation of a victim-centered approach. Among others, the study recommends an all-inclusive criminal justice mechanism that would further incorporate a victim-centered approach towards advancing the rights and quality of justice for victims of Sexual Violence and the need for a victim impact statement to our criminal justice system for cases of sexual violence. Conclusion The study concludes that there is a need to make provisions for more effective alternative responses to incorporate the justice interests and needs of victims of sexual violence.
A novel hybrid genetic algorithm and Nelder-Mead approach and it’s application for parameter estimation
Authors: Majhi Neha , Mishra Rajashree
Published: October 2024

Background Traditional optimization methods often struggle to balance global exploration and local refinement, particularly in complex real-world problems. To address this challenge, we introduce a novel hybrid optimization strategy that integrates the Nelder-Mead (NM) technique and the Genetic Algorithm (GA), named the Genetic and Nelder-Mead Algorithm (GANMA). This hybrid approach aims to enhance performance across various benchmark functions and parameter estimation tasks. Methods GANMA combines the global search capabilities of GA with the local refinement strength of NM. It is first tested on 15 benchmark functions commonly used to evaluate optimization strategies. The effectiveness of GANMA is also demonstrated through its application to parameter estimation problems, showcasing its practical utility in real-world scenarios. Results GANMA outperforms traditional optimization methods in terms of robustness, convergence speed, and solution quality. The hybrid algorithm excels across different function landscapes, including those with high dimensionality and multimodality, which are often encountered in real-world optimization issues. Additionally, GANMA improves model accuracy and interpretability in parameter estimation tasks, enhancing both model fitting and prediction. Conclusions GANMA proves to be a flexible and powerful optimization method suitable for both benchmark optimization and real-world parameter estimation challenges. Its capability to efficiently explore parameter spaces and refine solutions makes it a promising tool for scientific, engineering, and economic applications. GANMA offers a valuable solution for improving model performance and effectively handling complex optimization problems.
Adenomyoepithelioma of the breast: Clinical, radiological, and histopathological insights with case reports
Authors: Asma Korbi , Imen Ben Farhat , Manel Njima , Ines Mazhoud , Mounir Ouannassi , Hiba ben Abdelhafidh , Ahlem Bellalah , Seif Ben Hammouda , Asma Chikha , Rihab Barouni , Chiraz Hafsa , Raja Faleh
Published: October 2024

Background Adenomyoepithelioma is a rare benign tumor classified among myoepithelial and epithelial-myoepithelial tumors. While it can occur in various locations, its presence in the mammary gland is extremely uncommon. The diagnosis relies heavily on histological and immunohistochemical characteristics, as radiological findings are often non-specific. Case Presentations Case 1: A 46-year-old woman presented with an ulcerated inflammatory mass in the left breast, evolving for one year. Clinical examination revealed multiple masses and ipsilateral lymphadenopathy. Initial biopsies suggested intraductal papilloma, but subsequent analysis confirmed adenomyoepithelioma after a macro biopsy. A mastectomy was performed, revealing a solid-cystic lesion with clear surgical margins, and the patient had a favorable postoperative course. Case 2: A 38-year-old woman presented with an irregular mass at the junction of the upper quadrants of her right breast. Imaging revealed complex solid masses, leading to a diagnosis of adenomyoepithelioma with malignant transformation. A modified radical mastectomy was performed, followed by adjuvant radiochemotherapy. The patient tolerated the treatment well and exhibited good clinical progress. Conclusion Adenomyoepithelioma, though rare, can manifest with diverse clinical and imaging features, sometimes mimicking more common breast lesions. Accurate diagnosis often requires comprehensive histological examination. These cases underscore the importance of multidisciplinary evaluation and tailored surgical management to optimize patient outcomes.
Co-designing ab initio electronic structure methods on a RISC-V vector architecture
Authors: Grima Torres Rogeli , Vizcaíno Pablo , Mantovani Filippo , Gutiérrez Moreno José Julio
Published: October 2024

Ab initio electronic structure applications are among the most widely used in High-Performance Computing (HPC), and the eigenvalue problem is often their main computational bottleneck. This article presents our initial efforts in porting these codes to a RISC-V prototype platform leveraging a wide Vector Processing Unit (VPU). Our software tester is based on a mini-app extracted from the ELPA eigensolver library. The user-space emulator Vehave and a RISC-V vector architecture implemented on an FPGA were tested. Metrics from both systems and different vectorisation strategies were extracted, ranging from the simplest and most portable one (using autovectorisation and assisting this by fusing loops in the code) to the more complex one (using intrinsics). We observed a progressive reduction in the number of vectorised instructions, executed instructions and computing cycles with the different methodologies, which will lead to a substantial speed-up in the calculations. The obtained outcomes are crucial in advancing the porting of computational materials and molecular science codes to (post)-exascale architectures using RISC-V-based technologies fully developed within the EU. Our evaluation also provides valuable feedback for hardware designers, engineers and compiler developers, making this use case pivotal for co-design efforts.
Effect of early tranexamic acid treatment on fatigue in patients with mild traumatic brain injury: data from the CRASH-3 clinical trial
Authors: Mansukhani Raoul , Belli Antonio , Brenner Amy , Chaudhri Rizwana , Frimley Lauren , Faizah Jamaluddin Sabariah , Jooma Rashid , Shakur-Still Haleema , Shokunbi Temitayo , Roberts Ian
Published: October 2024

Background Each year world-wide about 65 million people sustain a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Fatigue is a common and distressing symptom after mTBI. We examine the effect of tranexamic acid (TXA) on fatigue in patients with mTBI using data from the CRASH-3 trial. Methods The CRASH-3 trial randomised 9,202 patients with traumatic brain injury and no significant extracranial bleeding to receive TXA or placebo within 3 hours of injury. The primary outcome was death from head injury within 28 days of injury. The methods and results are presented elsewhere. Fatigue was recorded as “None”, “Moderate” or “Extreme.” This study examines the effect of TXA on extreme fatigue in the 2,632 patients with mTBI (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] score≥13). Our analyses were not prespecified. Results Our study primary outcome, extreme fatigue, was reported for 10 (0.8%) of 1,328 patients receiving TXA and 19 (1.5%) of 1,288 patients receiving placebo (risk ratio [RR]=0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.24-1.09). Death within 28 days of injury was reported for 34 (2.6%) of 1,328 patients receiving TXA versus 47 (3.6%) of 1,288 patients receiving placebo (RR=0.70, 95% CI 0.45-1.08). Among patients allocated to TXA, 44 (3.3%) patients either died or reported extreme fatigue versus 66 (5.1%) patients among those allocated to placebo (RR=0.65, 95% CI 0.44-0.94). This composite outcome is disproportionately influenced by deaths which account for 74% (81 from 110) of events. Conclusions We found no evidence that tranexamic acid reduces fatigue in patients with mTBI. Given, 1) our analyses were not prespecified, 2) our outcome measure is not based on a validated fatigue severity scale, and 3) TBI patients can suffer from hospital-induced delirium, which hinders clinician assessment, these results need to be replicated in another study. Registration ISRCTN (ISRCTN15088122, 19/07/2011), ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01402882, 26/07/2011), EudraCT (2011-003669-14, 25/07/2011), Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (PACTR20121000441277, 30/10/2012).
Partycypacja młodzieży w lokalnym, regionalnym i międzyregionalnym współrządzeniu na przykładzie województwa zachodniopomorskiego i basenu Morza Bałtyckiego
Authors: Szulc Marta
Published: October 2024

Partycypacja młodzieży staje się coraz bardziej istotna w zarządzaniu lokalnym, regionalnym czy międzyregionalnym. Młodzi ludzie chcą, by ich głos był słyszalny nie tylko w murach szkół, ale także w przypadku problemów związanych ze zmianami klimatu, społecznościami lokalnymi, regionalnymi oraz międzyregionalnymi. W niniejszym artykule została przedstawiona analiza partycypacji na poziomie lokalnym (zachodniopomorskie gminy), regionalnym (Pomorze Zachodnie) i międzyregionalnym (region Morza Bałtyckiego).
A. Szwed-Walczak, Ł. Jędrzejski, K. Mazurek (red.). (2022). Myśl polityczna – biografistyka – komunikowanie. Lublin: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, ss. 864;
Authors: Dobrowolski Rafał
Published: October 2024

recenzja
Episcleritis Uncovered: A Thorough Review of Current Research
Authors: Błaszczak Ewa , Wójcik Jakub , Dydyk Martyna , Małachowski Aleksander , Malinowski Piotr , Kopczyńska Urszula , Kopczyński Cezary , Gurdak Kinga , Dyrek Martyna , Partyka Aleksandra
Published: October 2024

Episcleritis is an inflammatory condition affecting the episclera of the eye, which is the tissue between the sclera and conjunctiva. It manifests as unilateral or bilateral redness and discomfort. Despite its typically benign course, it may signal underlying systemic disorders, necessitating comprehensive evaluation and personalized management. While most cases are idiopathic, autoimmune diseases and infections may play contributory roles. Epidemiological studies reveal a predilection for young to middle-aged females, with episcleritis being less common in children. Diagnostically, characteristic features include sectoral redness and mild discomfort, distinguishing it from conjunctivitis and scleritis. Treatment primarily focuses on symptomatic relief, utilizing topical steroids, oral NSAIDs, and artificial tears. The prognosis is generally favourable, with spontaneous resolution within weeks; however, recurrent, or chronic cases may necessitate further evaluation for underlying systemic conditions. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, management strategies, prognosis of episcleritis, and clinical nuances, drawing upon recent literature from 1976 to the present. By consolidating contemporary knowledge, this review provides valuable insights for clinicians on how to treat this ocular condition effectively.
Approaches to Treating Knee Osteoarthritis: Surgery vs. Non-Surgery Treatment
Authors: Czyżewski Filip , Banyś Filip , Bochen Konrad , Dudek Stanisław , Jasiński Filip , Łukawski Artur , Pasierb Karolina , Szałajska Julia , Wiak Iga , Wojtach Klaudia
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Knee Osteoarthritis (KO) is a progressive, chronic disease that damage the joint cartilage of a knee and leads to a changes in a anatomy of the joint. Both surgical and non-surgical methods are used to treat the disease. In this study, we will compare the invasive vs non-invasive methods of KO treatment.
Objectives: The review and presentation of the current state of knowledge on Treating Knee Osteoarthritis, comparing surgery vs non-surgery methods.
Material and Methods: Review of the studies available on open access sources at PubMed, Google Scholar and National Library of Medicine.
Conclusions: Surgery approach for the Knee Osteoarthritis treatment are more durable, have better pain relief and treat casually the OA. Similar effects cannot be reached by non-surgery methods yet. However, there is a big promise in future studies about non-surgery methods, which can also raise a Quality of Life significantly and even avoid or postpone an operation in some groups of patients.
Approaches to Managing Herniated Disc Surgical vs. Conservative Treatment
Authors: Banyś Filip , Wiak Iga , Bochen Konrad , Czyżewski Filip , Dziegciarczyk Anna , Górska Weronika , Jasiński Filip , Łukawski Artur , Szałajska Julia , Wojtach Klaudia
Published: October 2024

Introduction
Disc herniation is a displacement of an intervertebral disc, most often caused by degeneration of its outer layer, the annulus fibrosus. This condition can cause various symptoms such as numbness, pain, muscle weakness or lose of sensation. While many patients can be successfully treated with non-surgical methods, some of them some require surgical intervention.
Aim of study
The objective of this study is to evaluate both surgical and non-surgical treatment methods for herniated disc and seeks to introduce doctors and patients to the advantages and disadvantages associated with them.
State of Knowledge
Disk herniation occurs when disk material prolapses beyond intervertebral disk’s space. The symptoms may arise when displaced material start to compress major structures located nearby, such as spinal nerves. The most common causes include age-related degeneration, repetitive movements, obesity, trauma or genetic predisposition.
Summary (Conclusion)
Disk herniation can be managed with various non-surgical and surgical methods. Conservative treatment should be considered as first line treatment showing high success rate for mild to moderate cases in long term relief and preventing recurrence of symptoms. Surgical options offer better short-term relief for sever and more advanced cases but carry greater risks of side effects and involve longer recovery time. Best approach should be carefully selected based on the severity of symptoms and patient needs.
Health Benefits of Yerba Mate Consumption on Cardiovascular Health
Authors: Szczepanek Dawid , Szczurek Katarzyna , Świerz Krzysztof , Wacławik Weronika , Szwinge Anna , Szwancyber Julianna , Szafraniec Julia , Lewoniuk Natalia , Biesok Mateusz , Macherski Maksymilian
Published: October 2024

Background: Yerba mate is a Paraguayan kind of herbal tea prepared from the dried and roasted leaves of trees called Ilex paraguariensis St. Hill. It is known for high content of polyphenols, methylxanthines and saponins. According to the studies products rich in those nutrients may have a positive influence on the humans cardiovascular health.
Materials and methods: We reviewed publications obtained from PubMed and Google Scholar. Articles were selected based on keywords such “yerba mate’’, “Ilex paraguariensis’’, “cardiovascular diseases’’. For the final analysis, qualified articles were published from 2005 to 2024.
Results: Confirming positive impact on serum lipid levels individuals using mate tea. Long – term positive influence on blood pressure. Moreover subjects with obesity took advantages of Yerba beverage by decreasing waist-to-hip ratio. Patients with diabetes were observed to have a significant reduction in fasting plasma glucose level and HbA1c concentration.
Conclusions: Most of the cited researches support the hypothesis of benefits coming from drinking mate infusions for patients with elevated lipid serum levels, obesity, high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes mellitus. All of mentioned health issues can lead to the cardiovascular problems therefore using mate infusions can prevent CVDs. Taking everything into consideration, medical professionals might recommend Yerba mate tea for their patients especially as a replacement of a coffee.
Effects of muscle strength exercise on muscle mass and muscle strength in patients with stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Choi Ah-Young , Lim Jae-Hyun , Kim Byeong-Geun
Published: October 2024

This study systematically reviews the effects of muscle strength exercises on muscle mass and strength in stroke patients by analyzing randomized controlled trials. Ten studies, involving a total of 378 stroke patients, were included in the meta-analysis. The standardized mean difference (SMD) and confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random effects model. The results indicated that strength exercises had a medium effect on increasing muscle strength in stroke patients (SMD, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.47–0.72; I2 = 51%; P< 0.05). Specifically, strength exercises were found to be particularly effective in chronic stroke patients, showing a medium effect on muscle strength (SMD, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.55–0.81; I2 = 45%; P< 0.05). The study also compared the effects based on repetition maximum (RM) settings, revealing that strength increased significantly regardless of whether RM was used, with studies showing medium effects (with RM: SMD, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.4–0.64; I2 = 0%; P< 0.05; without RM: SMD, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.4–0.91; I2 = 72%; P< 0.05). The study concludes that strength exercises are beneficial for improving muscle strength in chronic stroke patients, but the use of RM to set exercise intensity is not strictly necessary.
Effects of circuit weight training by intensity on stress hormones and antioxidant capacity in high-school wrestlers
Authors: Zhang Yifie , Sim Young-Je
Published: October 2024

We aimed to investigate the effects of 8-week circuit weight training by intensity on blood stress hormones and antioxidant capacity in highschool wrestlers. This study involved 27 male wrestlers with > 2 years of wrestling experience who were randomly assigned to either a low intensity (n= 13) or a high-intensity circuit weight training group (n= 14). The participants performed circuit weight training for 60 min per session, 3 times per week for 8 weeks. The low- and high-intensity circuit weight training exercises were performed at 50%–60% and 70%–80% of one-repetition maximum for 10 stations, respectively, and 8–15 repeated sessions per station were performed in order. No changes were observed in adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine levels between the two training groups. When compared to levels before the training, ACTH and epinephrine levels decreased, whereas cortisol levels increased. However, no difference was observed in norepinephrine levels. Further, no differences were observed in malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) levels between the two groups. However, MDA and GPX levels were increased from those before training. Changes in superoxide dismutase levels were observed between the two groups, but the change was significant only in the high-intensity circuit weight training group. Long-term training did not increase lipid peroxidation, but increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes that defend against oxidative stress. The antioxidant defense system in tissues can be regulated by exercise intensity as well as physical training status.
Optical Practices Become First Port of Call for Eye Care
Authors: McCarthy-McClean Andrew
Published: October 2024

Andrew McCarthy-McClean explores the findings of the GOC’s 2023 public perceptions research
21st Century Optics
Authors: O’Sullivan David
Published: October 2024

David O’Sullivan details the evolution of optometry services in Wales ahead of the consultation closure on June 19
Should optometrists be able to certify patients for visual impairment?
Authors: Tooth Cirta
Published: October 2024

Cirta Tooth considers the results of a new study of ophthalmologist attitudes to optometrists being able to certify patients as being sight impaired or severely sight impaired
Carving your niche
Authors: Patchett Lucy
Published: October 2024

Lucy Patchett speaks to optical assistants (OAs) who took the leap into a new specialised role within their optical practice, learning how they found their ideal job and developed the skills needed for success
BCLA back in person at last
Authors: Dutta Debarun
Published: October 2024

Dr Debarun Dutta picks out the highlight speakers and sessions from recent BCLA Clinical Conference and Exhibition
Ortho-k case studies
Authors: Beach Michelle , Donnelly Neil
Published: October 2024

Michelle Beach and Neil Donnelly share examples of how ortho-k has benefited patients
Expanding options
Authors: Dickson Jim
Published: October 2024

Jim Dickson details the development of Mark'ennovy's new Mylo Toric contact lenses
CPD: Myopia management; Doing or saying nothing cannot be an option
Authors: Edwards Richard
Published: October 2024

Richard Edwards discusses the legal implications surrounding myopia management, whether undertaken or not. (C106069, suitable for logging as one provider-led distance learning CPD point for optometrists and dispensing opticians)
How to be a Winner
Authors: Bennett Chris
Published: October 2024

Becoming an Optician Award winner is among the proudest moments in an optical professional‧s career, Chris Bennett describes how you could join their ranks
Setting up for success
Authors: Read Nicola
Published: October 2024

Nicola Read outlines how optical practices can flourish on Facebook
CPD: Psychological and social impact of retinoblastoma on teenage and young adult survivors
Authors: O’Donnell Nicola
Published: October 2024

In the last of two articles looking at retinoblastoma, final year PhD student Nicola O’Donnell looks at how the disease affects the mental wellbeing of young survivors
Eye care in Cambodia
Authors: Mackie Scott
Published: October 2024

Dr Scott Mackie reflects on a visit to Cambodia to provide eye care for children
Truth or myth
Authors: Seo Junghee , Moody Kurt
Published: October 2024

This month, in our series looking at common myths concerning contact lenses, Junghee Seo and Kurt Moody look at whether the preferred sighting method is a good place to start
Cubitts celebrates 10th anniversary
Authors: McCarthy-McClean Andrew
Published: October 2024

Tom Broughton tells Andrew McCarthy-McClean about difficult early years and growing pains
Overcoming fears
Authors: McCarthy-McClean Andrew
Published: October 2024

The Hakim Group's annual retreat explored how to find courage and achieve growth. Andrew McCarthy-McClean reports
Diary of a Spectacle Designer
Authors: Davies Tom
Published: October 2024

On the way to Munich, Tom Davies finds his mind occupied by issues of quality control
Research on Frequency Regulation with Dynamic Trajectory Planning of Participation Factors
Authors: Hu Hongbin , Zhao Jiayu , Li Qiang , Jing Zhibin , Guo Qi , Yang Zhihao
Published: October 2024

The energy transformation has led to a high proportion of new energy entering the grid. New energy has high randomness, which challenges the frequency stability of the power system. A new approach to improve frequency based on dynamic trajectory planning of participation factors is proposed in this work. In the frequency regulation interval, the trajectory and termination time of participation factors are regarded as the variables to be optimized. Then, taking the frequency regulation performance and economy as the goals, a multi-objective optimization problem is constructed. The participation factors are used to dispatch the output power of different units, which breaks the constraint that the output characteristics of different units are consistent in the original regulation process. Therefore, the generator units with different regulation characteristics in the system achieve complementary coordination on the second time scale. In simulation cases, frequency oscillation is reduced, while the overall economy of the system is improved. The numerical evaluation results show that the frequency performance is improved by 2.7% at most and 2.9% of the economy is improved at most simultaneously. The above results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Thin-film lithium niobate polarization-independent modulators for mode and polarization multiplexing
Authors: Shi Jiakang , Ye Zhilin , Liu Zhen , Lv Mengcheng , Ge Daohan , Zhang Liqiang
Published: October 2024

We demonstrated a high-order mode modulator based on thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN). By introducing a mode converter and a polarization splitter-rotator (PSR), the modulator can achieve dual-mode modulation. Additionally, we designed a periodic capacitively loaded traveling-wave electrode on TFLN to enhance modulation efficiency and bandwidth. The modulator exhibits a polarization extinction ratio greater than 20 dB at a wavelength of 1550 nm, a modulation efficiency of V
π
LTE0=2.541V⋅cm and V
π
LTM0=2.570V⋅cm, and a 3 dB bandwidth exceeding 60 GHz. This not only meets the requirements for polarization-independent modulators but also supports on-chip multimode applications such as mode and polarization multiplexing.
Low-noise soliton molecule generation with an in-phase controllable pulse number by third- and second-order dispersion compensation in an all-fiber erbium-doped oscillator
Authors: Ismaeel Almikdad , Orekhov Ilya O. , Sazonkin Stanislav G. , Dvoretskiy Dmitriy A. , Krylov Aleksandr A. , Karasik Valeriy E. , Denisov Lev K.
Published: October 2024

We report on the experimental results of high-order
soliton molecule (SM)
generation in an erbium-doped oscillator. The generation of 14
solitons with an average power of 48 mW, a pulse duration of 508 fs, a
separation of 2.59 ps between pulses, and a repetition rate of 19 MHz
at 1560 nm central wavelength was demonstrated. The stability of this
generation was also evidenced by its low relative intensity noise
(0.08% in the frequency range [10 kHz–1 MHz]), and a low Allan
deviation of frequency repetition rate of 1.98⋅10−9 at an interval of 1 s (during 10 h of
free-running measurements). Moreover, the accurate manipulation of SM
order by changing the pump power was investigated; we showed the
ability to generate with four, six, seven, nine, 10, 11, 13, and 14
pulses with high stable states between solitons. The change in the
number of pulses occurred repeatably by increasing and decreasing the
pump power, offering a stable source of a controllable number of
pulses for potential applications in quantum computing.
Ultrabroadband thin-film lithium tantalate modulator for high-speed communications
Authors: Wang Chengli , Fang Dengyang , Zhang Junyin , Kotz Alexander , Lihachev Grigory , Churaev Mikhail , Li Zihan , Schwarzenberger Adrian , Ou Xin , Koos Christian , Kippenberg Tobias J.
Published: October 2024

The continuous growth of global data traffic over the past three
decades, along with advances in disaggregated computing architectures,
presents significant challenges for optical transceivers in
communication networks and high-performance computing systems.
Specifically, there is a growing need to significantly increase data
rates while reducing energy consumption and cost. High-performance
optical modulators based on materials such as InP, thin-film lithium
niobate (), or plasmonics have been developed,
with excelling in high-speed and
low-voltage modulation. Nonetheless, the widespread industrial
adoption of thin-film remains compounded by the rather high
cost of the underlying “on insulator”
substrates—in sharp contrast to silicon photonics, which can
benefit from strong synergies with high-volume applications in
conventional microelectronics. Here, we demonstrate an integrated
110 GHz modulator using thin-film lithium tantalate ()—a material platform that is
already commercially used for millimeter-wave filters and that can
hence build upon technological and economical synergies with existing
high-volume applications to offer scalable low-cost manufacturing. We
show that the photonic integrated circuit based
modulator can support 176 GBd PAM8 transmission at net data
rates exceeding 400 LiNbO3. Moreover, we show that using silver
electrodes can reduce microwave losses compared to previously employed
gold electrodes. Our demonstration positions the modulator as a novel and highly
promising integration platform for next-generation high-speed,
energy-efficient, and cost-effective transceivers.
Improving the last mile delivery of vaccines through an informed push model: Experiences, opportunities and costs based on an implementation study in a rural district in Uganda
Authors: Bakkabulindi Pamela , Wafula Solomon T. , Ssebagereka Anthony , Sekibira Rogers , Mutebi Aloysius , Ameny Jimmy , Abewe Christabel , Isunju John Bosco
Published: October 2024

Developing countries face challenges in ensuring equitable, timely, and efficient vaccine availability at health facilities. In Uganda, the distribution of vaccines from district stores to the last-mile health facilities is hindered by an unpredictable and unreliable mixed push-pull delivery system. This system often results in poor vaccine management, stock-outs, and missed vaccination opportunities. This pilot study aimed to enhance the efficiency of last-mile vaccine delivery by implementing an informed push model. The specific goals were to improve vaccine lead time, standardize cold chain management during transportation, and evaluate the costs of implementing the informed push model. A mixed methods approach was used to evaluate the impact of the informed push model in Gomba district, Uganda. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected at baseline and endline. Quantitative data included mode, frequency, lead-time, and costs of vaccine delivery, vaccine stock status, and cold chain maintenance during transportation, gathered through semi-structured interviews. Qualitative data on experiences and challenges were collected using a guide. Descriptive statistics were used for quantitative data analysis, while an ingredients approach was used for costing data. Thematic analysis was applied to qualitative data. The informed push system significantly improved vaccine delivery efficiency and quality in Gomba district. The average lead-time for vaccine delivery reduced from 14 days at baseline to 5 days at endline. Timely vaccine receipt at health facilities increased from 36.8% to 100%. Temperature monitoring during transit improved from 26.3% to 100%. The proportion of facilities experiencing stock-outs dropped from 79.0% to 36.8%. Monthly distribution costs decreased from $494.8 ($0.07 per child) to $445.9 ($0.06 per child). The informed push model is a cost-effective strategy for improving last-mile vaccine delivery by reducing lead times, enhancing cold chain management, and decreasing stock-outs. Integration into the national immunization program is recommended for broader adoption in Uganda.
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nonstructural protein 2 promotes the autophagic degradation of adaptor protein SH3KBP1 to antagonize host innate immune responses by enhancing K63-linked polyubiquitination of RIG-I
Authors: Li Jiaoyang , Zhang Jing , Sun Pu , Wang Jian , Li Guoxiu , Cui Zhanding , Li Dong , Yuan Hong , Wang Tao , Li Kun , Bai Xingwen , Zhao Zhixun , Cao Yimei , Ma Xueqing , Li Pinghua , Fu Yuanfang , Bao Huifang , Liu Zaixin , Xiao Shuqi , Wang Xinglong , Lu Zengjun
Published: October 2024

Non-structural protein 2 (NSP2) of PRRSV is highly variable and plays crucial roles in the virus’s life cycle. To elucidate the function of NSP2 during PRRSV infection, we identified SH3KBP1 as an NSP2-interacting host protein using mass spectrometry. Exogenous SH3KBP1 expression significantly inhibited PRRSV replication by enhancing IFN-I and related ISGs production. Conversely, SH3KBP1 knockdown promoted viral replication by downregulating IFN-I and ISGs levels. In vivo experiments revealed that Sh3kbp1-/- mice were more susceptible to VSV infection, exhibiting reduced serum IFN-β levels. Further investigation showed that SH3KBP1 enhances RIG-I signal transduction by increasing K63-linked polyubiquitination through interaction with the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM25. We also found that PRRSV infection and NSP2 overexpression induce the autophagic degradation of SH3KBP1, counteracting the host’s innate immune response. A critical interaction site was identified within the third polyproline-arginine motif in NSP2 (453PVPAPR458). Recombinant PRRSV lacking this motif displayed reduced virulence and decreased SH3KBP1 degradation. This study advances our understanding of how PRRSV interferes with the host immune response and offers valuable insights for developing novel attenuated vaccines against PRRSV.
Modulation of persistent bladder pain in mice: The role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor, high mobility group box-1, and downstream signaling pathways
Authors: Ye Shaojing , Ma Fei , F.D. Mahmood Dlovan , L. Vera Pedro
Published: October 2024

Background: Repeated intravesical activation of protease-activated receptor-4 (PAR4) serves as a model of persistent bladder hyperalgesia (BHA) in mice, which lasts several days after the final stimulus. Spinal macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) are critical mediators in the persistence of BHA. Objective: We aimed to identify effective systemic treatments for persistent BHA using antagonists or transgenic deletions. Methods: Persistent BHA was induced through transurethral instillations of a PAR4-activating peptide (PAR4-AP; 100 μM, 1 h; scrambled peptide, control) under anesthesia, administered on Days 0, 2, and 4. Lower abdominal hypersensitivity was measured on Days 0–4 and 7–9. Systemic injections from Days 2–8 included ISO-1 (a MIF antagonist), ethyl pyruvate (an inhibitor of HMGB1 release), phosphate-buffered saline, or 10% DMSO (vehicle control) in C57BL/6 mice. To examine the role of HMGB1 receptors, Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4)-null mice or systemic treatment with FPS-ZM1 (receptor for advanced glycation end product [RAGE] antagonist) were used. In addition, TIR-domain-containing adaptor-inducing interferon-β (TRIF)-null mice were tested to assess the involvement of TLR4 signaling pathways. Micturition volume and frequency were assessed on Day 9, and the bladder was histopathologically examined to assess inflammation and edema. Results: MIF antagonism significantly reversed persistent BHA, whereas HMGB1 antagonism led to a partial reduction of persistent BHA. TLR4 deficiency or systemic administration of FPS-ZM1 significantly mitigated persistent BHA, while TRIF-deficient mice experienced a faster onset of BHA. Only MIF or HMGB1 inhibition resulted in increased micturition volume. The histopathological examination revealed no changes in inflammation or edema. Conclusion: MIF and HMGB1, acting through TLR4 and RAGE, mediated persistent BHA, while TRIF might modulate its onset. Further exploration of downstream TLR4 signaling may uncover novel therapeutic targets for treating persistent bladder pain.
Developing explicit and implicit L2 knowledge with Duolingo’s input-based features: Case studies of L2 Spanish learning
Authors: Brandy Anthony , Hiver Phil
Published: October 2024

In this single-case study with a quasi-experimental design, we set out to examine the role of two input-based features of the language learning app Duolingo on learners’ development of implicit and explicit second language (L2) knowledge. We investigated the effect of Duolingo’s Stories feature and Podcast feature on two Spanish-L2 learners’ performance on a battery of implicit and explicit L2 knowledge tests. Once a week, over a four-week period using these input-based features, both participants repeatedly performed oral narrative tasks, timed and untimed grammaticality judgment tasks, and metalinguistic knowledge tests. The participant assigned to the Podcast condition showed meager gains in productive implicit knowledge (measured by oral narrative tasks) but decreased in receptive explicit knowledge (measured by untimed grammaticality judgment tasks). The participant assigned to the Stories condition showed a large increase in receptive implicit knowledge of Spanish (measured by timed grammaticality judgment tasks). Neither participant showed meaningful gains in the measure of productive explicit knowledge (measured by metalinguistic knowledge tasks). Although there was a slight increase in receptive explicit knowledge for the participant using Stories, the data from both participants discount the idea that app-based mobile-assisted language learning (MALL) prioritizes receptive explicit L2 knowledge, at least when considering these novel input-based features of Duolingo. These findings add nuance to previous research showing that the primary outcome of MALL app use is receptive explicit L2 knowledge.