bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Practical Considerations for Using Personal Cooling Garments for Heat Stress Management in Physically Demanding Occupations: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Using Realist Evaluation
Authors: Tetzlaff Emily J. , Ioannou Leonidas G. , O'Connor Fergus K. , Kaltsatou Antonia , Ly Valentina , Kenny Glen P.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Due to rising temperature extremes, workplaces are seeking new solutions, such as using personal cooling garments (PCG) to mitigate and manage workplace heat exposure. This systematic review sought to assess the physiological and perceptual effects of PCGs on workers in standard work clothing performing moderate‐to‐heavy intensity tasks in hot environments.

Methods

A peer‐reviewed search strategy was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, Global Health, and Business Source Complete with no language or time limits. A meta‐analysis using a realist evaluation framework was then performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the PCGs.

Results

Thirty‐three studies with 764 participants (98% male; average 21 ± 34 participants per study), conducted primarily in a laboratory setting (76%) were included. The studies were 193 ± 190 min in duration and consisted of a moderate‐to‐heavy work effort of 3.3 ± 1.0 METs in hot ambient conditions (temperature: 35.9 ± 3.3°C, 51.4 ± 12.1% relative humidity, wet bulb globe temperature [WBGT] 31.2 ± 2.6°C). The PCGs (n = 67) facilitated heat exchange through conduction (n = 39), evaporation (n = 4), convection (n = 2), radiation (n = 2), or hybrid combinations (n = 20). Conductive and hybrid PCGs offered the greatest thermoregulatory benefit, whereby core temperature (Tc) and heart rate (HR) reductions were consistently observed (Conductive: Tc: −0.3°C, HR: −12 bpm; Hybrid: Tc:−0.2°C, HR: −10 bpm), while PCGs directed at enhancing evaporative and radiative heat exchange had no or minimal effect on the physiological outcomes assessed (i.e., TC < 0.1°C, HR: < 0.7 bpm).

Conclusion

While the PCGs had a positive overall effect, conductive options offered the most consistent benefit to workers. WBGT, clothing insulation, and duration of wear significantly affected some physiological and perceptual outcomes.
Increased number of dispatches in emergency medical services correlates to response time extension
Authors: Ishikawa Natsuko , Tomita Keisuke , Shimazui Takashi , Tochigi Yoko , Nakada Taka‐aki
Published: November 2024

Aim

This study investigated the correlation between the number of emergency medical service (EMS) dispatches and response time extension. In addition, we conducted a simulation to assess the potential for reducing response times by relocating the ambulance based on the number of dispatches.

Methods

This retrospective observational study analyzed data on patients treated with EMS between May 1 and June 25, 2021, in an urban area (Chiba City, Japan). Spearman's rank correlation tests were used to analyze the correlations among the number of dispatches, response time extension, and ambulance distance. We created a heat map to visualize the number of dispatches and distribution of emergency case occurrences, and simulated the relocation of the EMS team with the lowest number of dispatches to the closest EMS team with the highest number of dispatches.

Results

In total, 7915 emergency cases were included. The median response time across all dispatches was 9 min, whereas that for the response time extension cases was 12 min. There was a significant positive correlation between the increased number of dispatches, response time extension (r = 0.94, p < 0.0001), and ambulance distance (r = 0.95, p < 0.0001). The relocation simulation significantly shortened the average response time from 13 min and 30 s to 12 min and 11 s (9.9% decrease, p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

An increased number of dispatches significantly increased the response time extension cases and ambulance distance. Our simulation suggests that EMS relocation can potentially shorten the response time. While increased dispatches influence the response time extension, optimal EMS allocation may improve response times.
Sex Modifies the Severity and Outcome of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Rivier Cyprien A. , Renedo Daniela , Marini Sandro , Magid‐Bernstein Jessica R. , de Havenon Adam , Rosand Jonathan , Hanley Daniel F. , Ziai Wendy C. , Mayer Stephan A. , Woo Daniel , Sansing Lauren H. , Sheth Kevin N. , Anderson Christopher D. , Falcone Guido J.
Published: November 2024

Objective

The limited existing evidence on sex differences in the clinical characteristics of patients with spontaneous, non‐traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) comes from small, single‐center studies. Here, we performed an individual patient data meta‐analysis of 3 randomized clinical trials and 1 multi‐ethnic observational study of ICH to investigate the impact of sex on ICH severity and outcome.

Methods

Inclusion criteria in our study were a neuroimaging‐confirmed ICH. We evaluated whether sex was associated with ICH severity (hematoma volume and expansion) and poor functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale >3) 3 or 6 months after the ICH.

Results

A total of 4,812 ICH patients were evaluated (mean age 62, 40% female). Males with ICH were younger, more likely to be smokers and have diabetes, and less likely to be on anticoagulants (all p < 0.05). In multivariable analyses, male sex was associated with non‐lobar location (odds ratio [OR]: 1.63; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.39–1.92]; p < 0.001), larger hemorrhages (beta: 0.16 [0.08–0.23]; p < 0.001) and a higher risk of hematoma expansion (OR: 1.43 [1.20–1.71]; p < 0.001). Despite the larger hemorrhage volume and higher risk of expansion, male sex was associated with a 24% lower risk of poor outcomes (OR: 0.76 [0.64–0.90]; p = 0.002).

Interpretation

Compared to females, males with ICH have larger bleeds and higher risk of hematoma expansion. Despite the larger bleeds and higher risk of hematoma expansion, males with ICH have lower risk of poor outcomes. Our results suggest that the biology and clinical trajectory are different in females and males with ICH, supporting sex‐specific research in this condition. ANN NEUROL 2025;97:232–241
Synthesis of Functionalized Cycloheptadienones Starting from Phenols and Using a Rhodium/Boron Asymmetric Catalytic System
Authors: Han Jiabin , Fan Yaxin , Yang Xiaoyan , Zhu Yuanhao , Zhang Xuheng , Zhang Fukuan , Hao Gefei , Jiang Yaojia
Published: November 2024

Skeletal editing offers a unique route to assemble complex architectures from simple feedstocks that are otherwise difficult to obtain. However, the asymmetric version of skeletal editing has not been widely studied. Herein, we present a modular rhodium/boron asymmetric catalytic system that enables ring‐expansion of phenols with cyclopropenes to synthesize highly functionalized cycloheptadienones in excellent chemo‐ and regioselectivities. This unique protocol features with low‐catalyst loading, atom and step‐economies, and mild neutral reaction conditions. Isotope‐labelling experiments and DFT calculations have been conducted to reveal that boron reagent plays a vital role in the whole catalytic cycle.
Functionalization of Covalent Organic Frameworks with Cyclopentadienyl Cobalt for C2H2/CO2 Separation
Authors: Wang Xiaokang , Liu Hongyan , Sun Meng , Gao Fei , Feng Xueying , Xu Mingming , Fan Weidong , Sun Daofeng
Published: November 2024

Emerging covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have received great attention for their unique features, but the limited building blocks restrict their structural diversity and performance exploration. Reticular chemistry provides guidance for the structural expansion and performance regulation of COFs. Herein, we constructed two novel two‐dimensional (2D) COFs functionalized with cyclopentadienyl cobalt, denoted as UPC‐COF‐1 and UPC‐COF‐2, via [4+2] imine condensation with diamine building blocks of different length. Theoretical simulations combined with experimental results reveal that UPC‐COF‐1 with shorter building blocks, narrower pore sizes, and stronger host–guest interactions has better C2H2/CO2 separation performance. In addition, UPC‐COF‐1 can maintain separation stability in the presence of water vapor and methane impurities. This work provides a new evidence for the performance regulation of isoreticular COFs with modular and tunable building blocks.
Energy‐Transfer Enabled 1,4‐Aryl Migration
Authors: Wen Shu‐Ya , Chen Jun‐Jie , Zheng Yu , Han Jia‐Xun , Huang Huan‐Ming
Published: November 2024

Functional group translocation is undoubtedly a pivotal synthetic transformation in organic chemistry. Numerous types of reactions involving radical 1,2‐aryl or 1,4‐aryl migration via electron transfer mechanism have been extensively investigated. Nevertheless, energy‐transfer enabled 1,4‐arylation remains unknown. Herein we disclose that an unprecedented di‐π‐ethane rearrangement featuring 1,4‐aryl migration facilitated by energy transfer catalysis under visible light conditions. The newly developed mild protocol exhibits tolerance towards diverse functional groups and enables the migration of a multitude of aromatic rings, encompassing both electron‐withdrawing and electron‐rich functional groups. The open‐shell strategy has also found successful application in the modification of several drugs. Large‐scale experiments, continuous‐flow experiment, and versatile manipulation of products have demonstrated the robustness and potential utility of this synthetic method. Preliminary mechanistic studies have supported the involvement of radical species in this di‐π‐ethane rearrangement and have also provided evidence for the energy transfer mechanism.
A Novel Mesoporous SBA‐15 Supported Bifunctional Heterogeneous Catalyst for Base‐Free Transfer Hydrogenation Reaction of Ketones
Authors: Gök Halil Zeki , Arlı Osman Tayyar , Gök Yaşar
Published: November 2024

Among the problems encountered in the catalytic transfer hydrogenation reactions of ketones, the base sensitivity of ketones and the corrosive effects of the bases used in the reaction have an important place especially in industrial terms. Although there are various approaches to overcome this problem, solutions based on the intrinsic properties of the catalyst used seem more suitable. Within the scope of this study, a novel heterogeneous catalyst was prepared for the transfer hydrogenation reaction of ketones, which can operate in base‐free environment. To prepare the heterogeneous catalyst, 1,2‐diphenylethane‐1,2‐diamine was first tosylated and then the silyl derivative was synthesized and grafted onto mesoporous silica SBA‐15. Characterizations of the obtained heterogeneous catalyst and SBA‐15 were carried out by X‐ray diffractometer (XRD), N2 sorption, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray analysis, and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) analysis. The results obtained showed that the functionalized 1,2‐diphenylethane‐1,2‐diamine compound was successfully immobilized into the SBA‐15 structure. Determination of the catalytic activity of the heterogeneous catalyst was carried out in transfer hydrogenation reactions of various aromatic ketones. After determining the optimum reaction conditions with acetophenone, a conversion rate of (70%) was observed in the acetophenone to 1‐phenylethanol reaction that took place without a base. Under same conditions a higher conversion rate of (73%) was observed in the 4′‐chloroacetophenone to 1‐(4‐chlorophenyl)ethanol reaction. In the reactions performed to determine recyclability, after a 70% conversion rate, 61% and 65% conversion rates, respectively, were observed in the reaction from acetophenone to 1‐phenylethanol under the same conditions.
Synthesis and characterization of waterborne polyurethane‐based marine antifouling coating modified via glycerol laurate
Authors: Cao Miao , Xiao Qiaoyi , Wu Bo , Luo Zhisheng , Dai Zhengwei , Yi Jie
Published: November 2024

Marine biofouling is a major international challenge since it is responsible for several environmental problems and economic losses. Developing a novel antifouling coating with good water resistance, adhesion, and controlled degradation performance is crucial to solving the problem. Herein, a series of waterborne polyurethane emulsions were synthesized using the prepolymerization chain expansion and self‐emulsification method, with varying contents of glycerol laurate (GL) as the post‐chain extender. The findings demonstrated a notable enhancement in the controllable degradation performance, adhesion, marine antifouling properties, and water resistance with an increase in the concentration of GL. In particular, the film exhibited the most optimal overall properties when the introduction amount of GL was 2 wt%. The absorption rate of the artificial seawater (ASW) reached a state of equilibrium when GWPU2 was immersed in ASW for 60 days, with a final value of approximately 18.5%. The release rates of the GWPU2 antifouling coatings were observed to be the lowest at approximately 120 days, with a rate of approximately 37.59 μg/cm2/day. The long‐term antifouling capability of the GWPU resins was demonstrated in marine field tests, wherein they exhibited sustained antifouling activity for a period exceeding 9 months. In particular, GWPU2 exhibited noteworthy antifouling performance.
Development of a molecularly imprinted poly‐pyrrole biosensor for rapid and accurate estimation of liothyronine: Toward point‐of‐care quality assessment
Authors: Singh Deepanmol , Shrivastav Akanksha , Kulkarni Rushiraj , Mishra Annu , Mahindroo Neeraj , Mathur Ashish
Published: November 2024

Liothyronine (T3) is a thyroid hormone, which is frequently administered alongside thyroxine in the treatment of hypothyroidism. However, several market withdrawals have been called for due to persistent quality issues with liothyronine tablets. Given its narrow therapeutic index, maintaining optimal liothyronine levels is imperative, highlighting the criticality of ensuring quality both during manufacturing and at the patient's bedside. In this study, we introduce a pioneering electroanalytical biosensor designed for liothyronine estimation using molecularly imprinted poly‐pyrrole (MIP‐Ppy). Notably, the sensor demonstrates linear response within the concentration range of 50–300 pg/mL (r2 = 0.986) with a remarkable limit of detection (LOD) of 80 pg/mL. Interference studies were performed to validate the sensor's robustness, displaying negligible response alterations. This method was used for the assay of liothyronine tablets and was compared with the traditional HPLC method. The MIP‐Ppy biosensor showed 90.7% recovery with a minimal relative standard deviation of 0.093 whereas HPLC showed 91.2% recovery with RSD 0.052. These findings underscore the biosensor's potential as a cost‐effective alternative to sophisticated chromatographic methods for liothyronine estimation in pharmaceutical tablets. This advancement lays the groundwork for the development of a user‐friendly point‐of‐care device.
Polymeric Lithium Battery using Membrane Electrode Assembly
Authors: Barcaro Edoardo , Marangon Vittorio , Bresser Dominic , Hassoun Jusef
Published: November 2024

Alternative configuration of lithium cell exploits electrode and polymer electrolyte cast all‐in‐one to form a membrane electrode assembly (MEA), in analogy to fuel cell technology. The electrolyte is based on polyethylene oxide (PEO), lithium bis‐trifluoromethane sulfonyl imide (LiTFSI) conducting salt, LiNO3 sacrificial film‐forming agent to stabilize the lithium metal, and fumed silica (SiO2) to increase the polymer amorphous degree. The membrane has conductivity ranging from ~5×10−4 S cm−1 at 90 °C to 1×10−4 S cm−1 at 50 °C, lithium transference number of ~0.4, and relevant interphase stability. The MEA including LiFePO4 (LFP) cathode is cycled in polymer lithium cells operating at 3.4 V and 70 °C, with specific capacity of ~155 mAh g−1 (1 C=170 mA gLFP−1) for over 100 cycles, without signs of decay or dendrite formation. The cell exploiting the MEA shows enhanced electrochemical performance as compared with the one using simple polymeric membrane stacked between cathode and anode. Furthermore, the MEA reveals the key advantage of possible scalability and applicability in roll‐to‐roll systems for achieving high‐energy lithium metal battery, as demonstrated by pouch‐cell application. These data may trigger new interest on this challenging battery exploiting the polymer configuration for achieving environmentally/economically sustainable, and safe energy storage.
Digital learning technologies usage during Covid‐19 lockdowns
Authors: Sandu Alexandra , Taylor Chris
Published: November 2024

The global impact of the Covid‐19 pandemic on school education has been unprecedented, with widespread school closures and the need for education to be delivered remotely. By providing an overview of the continuity of learning and teaching during the 2019–2021 academic years, this study aims to contribute to a better understanding of the impact of the pandemic on the use of digital learning technologies in Wales. This study links usage data from the Government's National Learning Platform (Hwb) to national administrative school records for all pupils in maintained schools. It employs a quantitative methodology to model the inequalities in digital learning technology usage. Multiple linear regression is used to quantify the factors associated with pupils’ use of the national learning platform before and during the pandemic, with a particular emphasis on school closures. The study's findings show notable differences in the level of learning platform usage across school sectors, with primary school pupils using the platform the most. Furthermore, school‐level teacher usage of the platform and household socioeconomic status are key factors influencing pupil usage. The analysis also reveals that levels of learning platform usage prior to the first school closure were associated with learning platform usage in the first school closure period, and usage in the second school closure period was also associated with usage in the first school closure period.
AI‐Powered Boardrooms: The Future of Governance
Authors: Anzelc Meghan , Fernandes‐D'Souza Christina
Published: November 2024

Meghan Anzelc, Ph.D., is the founder and CEO of Three Arc Advisory. Christina Fernandes‐D'Souza is the firm's vice president of Data Science. In this article they discuss what board directors should do to govern their own use of AI in the boardroom; the current state of AI offerings; areas of higher and lower risk use and how to know if AI is the wrong solution.
The process supporting the emergence of the environmental innovation capabilities within small businesses: An empirical investigation
Authors: Ferraro Giovanna , Passaro Renato , Quinto Ivana , Thomas Antonio
Published: November 2024

For several years, companies have made strategic changes to align with sustainable development principles by developing eco‐innovations. While research consistently highlights the positive impact of eco‐innovations on organisational performance, the factors driving these initiatives—particularly within small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs)—remain less clear. This inconsistency is due to the heterogeneity of SMEs and their high sensitivity to external contexts. To address this issue, our study delves into the role of competencies, technological factors and networking in shaping the environmental innovation capabilities of a homogeneous SME population in terms of sector, age, size, legal status, geographical location and orientation towards innovation. Using the partial least squares approach, we find that competencies and technological factors are the key drivers of eco‐innovation, while networking shows no significant effect. These findings contribute to the existing literature by underlining the fundamental importance of internal skills and technological adoption for fostering eco‐innovation. They also suggest that networking becomes essential in environments lacking robust public and private support mechanisms for SME growth. Considering the rapid and turbulent changes, driven by the dual needs of sustainability and competitiveness, our results offer useful and critical advice for policymakers to define more appropriate and effective policies.
A Multidisciplinary Consensus‐Building Exercise to Define and Prioritize Topics in Supportive Care of Children With Cancer at a Global Level
Authors: Sniderman Elizabeth , Reljic Tea , Bhakta Manoo , Bonilla Miguel , Clyce Julie , Farmer Jessica , Key Monica , Licona Sergio , Pauley Jennifer L. , Torres‐Gonzalez Alondra , Sullivan Michael , Bhakta Nickhill , Kumar Ambuj , Mukkada Sheena
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Optimal outcomes during childhood cancer treatment require effective management of toxicities, often called supportive care. A lack of agreement on what comprises supportive care limits the development and provision of comprehensive guidance (for this work, we have defined supportive care as any disease‐ or treatment‐related condition experienced by children with cancer, excluding psychosocial conditions, palliative care, survivorship, or procedural topics). To address this gap, we conducted a consensus‐building exercise among global experts to define and prioritize topics for supportive care.

Methods

Two rounds of brainstorming and prioritization exercises were conducted. A multidisciplinary panel nominated by professional societies and cooperative groups was formed to ensure geographic and resource representation using snowball sampling. An internal expert panel generated an initial list of supportive care topics. In round one, the multidisciplinary panel reviewed the initial list and recommended additional topics, followed by prioritization in round two using a seven‐point Likert scale. Results were summarized using descriptive statistics.

Results

The multidisciplinary panel consisted of 57 members representing 32 countries. The initial list included 46 topics; 161 additional topics were suggested. After removing duplicates and out‐of‐scope additions, the final list contained 62 topics. Febrile neutropenia, sepsis, bloodstream infections, and pain were ranked highest priority. Mortality, morbidity, and frequency of the event were identified as the most important factors influencing prioritization.

Conclusion

Through a multidisciplinary and globally representative process, we identified core supportive care topics and factors influencing their prioritization for childhood cancer. Outputs from this work will inform efforts to generate resource‐adapted recommendations for a global audience. This supports ongoing WHO CureAll work to develop a health systems‐level policy brief of supportive care requirements in the management of children with cancer.
Transarterial Infusion Chemotherapy and Embolization for Patients With Unresectable Advanced Cancer of Stomach or Gastroesophageal Junction: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Min Lingqiang , Liu Zheng , Zhou Bo , Zhou Peng , Luo Rongkui , Ding Yuqin , Cui Yuehong , Shi Zhongyi , Gu Yuan , Sun Yihong , Tang Zhaoqing , Wang Xuefei
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The feasibility of transarterial infusion chemotherapy and embolization (TAICE) in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer remains unclear. This study explored the value of TAICE in patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic cancer of stomach or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ).

Methods

Patients with unresectable gastric cancer who received TAICE for tumor hemorrhage cessation were enrolled in this retrospective study. TAICE was performed using the Seldinger method. The tumor feeding artery was selected for infusion chemotherapy and then was embolized by microspheres or gelatin sponge. Patients involved in this study received one to four cycles TAICE with one to three drugs in the regimen. The possibility of surgery was evaluated after TAICE. Objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), R0 resection rate, pathological complete remission (pCR) rate, major pathological remission (MPR) rate, progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety were analyzed.

Results

Between January 2015 and December 2020, a total of 27 patients received a median of 2 (range, 1–4) cycles of TAICE. ORR and DCR were 33.3% and 74.0%, respectively. Eighteen patients received surgery, and 15 of them underwent gastrectomy and D2 lymph node dissection, with an R0 resection rate of 83.3% (15/18). Four (26.7%, 4/15) patients achieved MPR, but none achieved pCR. The median PFS was 19.8 months (95%CI, 12.1–40.0), and the median OS was 36.1 months (95%CI, 21.0–not reached). Patients with gastrectomy had significantly longer PFS (40.0 vs. 9.5 months, p < 0.0001) and OS (not reached vs. 16.6 months, p < 0.0001) than those without gastrectomy. All the TAICE‐related adverse events were manageable, with the most common being fatigue (100%), nausea (63.0%), and vomiting (55.6%). No severe surgical complications occurred.

Conclusion

TAICE was well‐tolerated and could be a potential therapy to provide opportunity of surgery for patients with unresectable advanced gastric or GEJ cancer.
Phytochemical Profiling and Anti‐VanA Activity of Pulegone Extracted from Ziziphora tenuior Flower Against Vancomycin‐Resistant Enterococci: An In Silico Approach
Authors: Hatami Asma , Paeizi Marzieh , Sadeghi Majid M. M.
Published: November 2024

Ziziphora tenuior is a herb known for its potent pharmaceutical activities. However, the specific compounds of the flowers of this herb have not been fully studied yet. This study used GC‐MS to conduct a chemical analysis of the methanol and dichloromethane extracts of Z. tenuior flowers. Additionally, it sought to assess the potential antibacterial activity of the extracts against vancomycin‐resistant enterococci (VRE) bacteria by predicting the interactions between one of the most prevalent compounds in the extracts and the D‐alanyl‐D‐lactate ligase (VanA) protein, which is responsible for enterococci resistant to vancomycin. The results revealed a total of 15 compounds in the methanolic extract and 12 compounds in the dichloromethane extract. Among these, 5‐methyl‐2‐(1‐methylethylidene)‐cyclohexanone, also known as pulegone, constituting 52.6 % of the methanolic extract and 34.6 % of the dichloromethane extract, was the most abundant compound in the extracts. Furthermore, the in‐silico analysis demonstrated that pulegone exhibited significant interactions with VanA, as indicated by docking energy values of −7 kcal/mol and the formation of one hydrogen bond. The study suggests that pulegone shows promise as an antibacterial agent against VRE by potentially interacting with VanA protein and serving as a key inhibitor in fighting vancomycin resistance.
Impact of lipids removal on the color, cooking characteristics, textural properties, and UHPLC‐QToF‐IMS‐based metabolites of Indian brown rice using supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Kumar Arun , Mudgal Swasti , Jain Ishika , Singh Narpinder
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives

The study investigated the effect of lipid extraction by using the supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) process from brown rice (BR) of different Indian rice varieties (PB386, PB3, PB1121, PB1637, PR122, PR123, PR129, and PR113). BR was evaluated for color, pasting, cooking, and textural properties. UHPLC‐QToF‐IMS analysis was also carried out to make a comparison in fatty, phenolic, and amino acid profiles between BR of different varieties.

Findings

Defatted BR (DBR) from all varieties exhibited increased L* (Lightness) while lower a* (redness to greenness) and b* (yellowness to blueness) than BR. Cooking time and hardness decreased, and water uptake increased in both types of DBR. Defatting of BR increased peak viscosity while it decreased pasting temperature in all the varieties. Fatty acids and phenolic acids compounds decreased while minor increases in amino acids were observed on defatting in all the varieties.

Conclusion

Therefore, sCO2 extraction was observed as a promising alternative to conventional methods like polishing to enhance the organoleptic and nutritional quality of the rice.
Dynamic Multiblock Regression for Process Modelling
Authors: Cattaldo Marco , Ferrer Alberto , Måge Ingrid
Published: November 2024

The study introduces three novel strategies for incorporating capabilities for dynamic modelling into multiblock regression methods by integrating sequentially orthogonalised partial least squares (SO‐PLS) with different dynamic modelling techniques. The study evaluates these strategies using synthetic datasets and an industrial example, comparing their performance in predictive ability, identification of process dynamics, and quantification of block contributions. Results suggest that these approaches can effectively model the dynamics with performance comparable to state‐of‐the‐art methods, providing, at the same time, insight into the dynamic order and block contributions. One of the strategies, sequentially orthogonalised dynamic augmented (SODA)–PLS, shows promise by ensuring that redundant information in the time dimension is not included, resulting in simpler and more easily interpretable dynamic models. These multiblock dynamic regression strategies have potential applications for improved process understanding in industrial settings, especially where multiple data sources and inherent time dynamics are present.
π‐mers and π‐dimers: Two Radical Supramolecular Interactions – A Tutorial Review
Authors: Joseph Jean , Berville Mathilde , Wytko Jennifer , Weiss Jean , Jacquot de Rouville Henri‐Pierre
Published: November 2024

In this review, the difference between π‐mers (pimers) and π‐dimers (pi‐dimers) will be discussed. Often interchanged or confused in the literature, these two radical interactions lead to different or even opposite physico‐chemical behaviors. This review aims at clarifying the terms π‐mers and π‐dimers and at describing their main physico‐chemical properties to address their differences. Finally, selected literature examples exhibiting the successive formation of π‐mers and π‐dimers within the same systems will be detailed to emphasize the physico‐chemical changes occurring upon conversion.
An Efficient Bifunctional Core‐Shell ZIF‐90@ZIF‐67 Composite as a Stable Pickering Interfacial Catalyst for the Deacetalization–Knoevenagel Tandem Reaction
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhang Yu‐Qing , Dong Zhen‐Lin , Chen Zi‐Xuan , Li Lei , Zhao Xin‐Yuan , Wu Yang , Zhang Yu‐Yang
Published: November 2024

Exploiting advanced solid particles is crucial to the construction of Pickering emulsions catalysis. Recently, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have been used as ideal emulsifiers stabilizing Pickering emulsions for interfacial catalysis. Although Pickering emulsions stabilized by core‐shell MOFs have significant importance in practical studies, to date there have been very limited reports on this topic. Herein, ZIF‐90@ZIF‐67, a core‐shell material with simultaneous acid‐base bifunctionality, was synthesized by seeded epitaxial growth. It was firstly applied as an emulsifier in Pickering emulsions to catalyze the deacetalization‐Knoevenagel tandem reaction, which exhibited excellent catalytic properties and achieved extremely high yields. Additionally, ZIF‐90@ZIF‐67 showed high stability and remained well repeatable after five cycles. This work provides a platform for the design of structurally and functionally diverse MOF‐based Pickering emulsions interfacial catalysis.
Retrospective analysis of HPV infection: Cotesting and HPV genotyping in cervical cancer screening within a large academic health care system
Authors: Feng Frances Xiuyan , Birdsong George G. , Wei Jane , Dababneh Melad N. , Reid Michelle D. , Hoskins Michael , Wang Qun
Published: November 2024

Background

In 2019, the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology introduced fundamental shifts toward “risk‐based” guidelines, with human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping as a principal test for investigating squamous intraepithelial lesions. This study aims to provide practice‐based evidence and supplement the updated guidelines by investigating HPV demographic distribution and uncovering the pathological features of high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) caused by high‐risk HPV (hrHPV) subtypes.

Methods

Patients who underwent Papanicolaou screening and HPV testing in two hospital systems over the course of 4 years were recruited. The cytology results were categorized on the basis of the 2014 Bethesda classification. DNA sequences of 14 types of hrHPV were detected by Aptima test. The histological features of HSILs caused by different subtypes were compared between biopsies and excisions.

Results

A total of 63,709 cases were included. The HPV prevalence was 14.70%, predominantly in the 30 to 39‐year‐old age group, with slightly higher rates observed in African Americans. There was no significant racial distribution difference between HPV 16/18/45 and other types. HPV 16/18/45 infection was directly correlated with the severity of abnormal cytology, although the other subtypes were the major causes of cytological abnormalities. The trend for HPV prevalence was consistent across calendar years, and was associated with 8.77% negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy, 30.46% atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance, 64.62% low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, 66.75% atypical squamous cell‐cannot exclude a high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, and 91.80% HSIL. Furthermore, 29.09% of HSILs associated with other subtypes were not detectable on subsequent resections.

Conclusions

Given the HPV demographic distribution and the histological features of HSILs caused by different subtypes, cotesting with reflex HPV genotyping in specific populations, or expanding the subtypes in the primary HPV screening test, should be considered.
Analysis of the sensitivity of high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion Pap diagnosis and interobserver variability with the Hologic Genius Digital Diagnostics System
Authors: Harinath Lakshmi , Elishaev Esther , Ye Yuhong , Matsko Jonee , Colaizzi Amy , Wharton Stephanie , Bhargava Rohit , Pantanowitz Liron , Zhao Chengquan
Published: November 2024

Background

Artificial intelligence (AI)–based systems are transforming cytopathology practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) Papanicolaou (Pap) diagnosis assisted by the Hologic Genius Digital Diagnostics System (GDDS).

Methods

A validation study was performed with 890 ThinPrep Pap tests with the GDDS independently. From this set, a subset of 183 cases originally interpreted as HSIL confirmed histologically were included in this study. The sensitivity for detecting HSIL by three cytopathologists was calculated.

Results

Most HSIL cases were classified as atypical glandular cell/atypical squamous cell–high grade not excluded (AGC/ASC‐H) and above by all cytopathologists. Of these cases, 11.5% were classified as low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) by pathologist A (P‐A), 6% by pathologist B (P‐B), and 5.5% by pathologist C (P‐C); 3.8%, 2.7%, and 1.6% of these cases were classified as atypical squamous cell of unknown significance (ASC‐US) by P‐A, P‐B, and P‐C, respectively. The sensitivity for detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 and above (CIN2+) lesions was 100% if ASC‐US and above (ASC‐US+) abnormalities were counted among all three pathologists. The sensitivity for detection of CIN2+ lesions was 84.7%, 91.3%, and 92.9% by P‐A, P‐B, and P‐C, respectively, for ASC‐H and above abnormalities. The Kendall W coefficient was 0.722, which indicated strong agreement between all pathologists.

Conclusions

New‐generation AI‐assisted Pap test screening systems such as the GDDS have the potential to transform cytology practice. In this study, the GDDS aided in interpreting HSIL in ThinPrep Pap tests, with good sensitivity and agreement between the pathologists who interacted with this system.
Low‐Dose Cone‐Beam Computed Tomography in Swedish Pediatric Patients With Alveolar Clefts Following Alveolar Bone Grafting—A Clinical Study
Authors: Vicente António , Cederhag Josefine , Rashidi Nilofar , Wiedel Anna‐Paulina , Becker Magnus , Brogårdh‐Roth Susanne , Shi Xie‐Qi , Hellén‐Halme Kristina
Published: November 2024

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate whether a low‐dose cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) protocol provides diagnostically acceptable image quality for assessing bone healing after alveolar bone grafting.

Material and Methods

The study cohort comprised 11 patients (aged 7–14 years) with orofacial clefts who had undergone alveolar bone grafting at Skåne University Hospital in Malmö, Sweden. During the postsurgical follow‐up at 6 months, each patient was assessed twice: once with a standard‐dose CBCT protocol and once with a low‐dose CBCT protocol, which in total corresponds to one CBCT examination made with the exposure settings recommended by the manufacturer. Among others, the assessed parameters included subjective image quality, as well as bone graft height, thickness, and integration.

Results

No significant differences were found between the standard‐ and low‐dose protocols for most parameters (p > 0.05). Exceptions included subjective image quality (one observer, p = 0.05) and confidence levels during the assessment (three observers, p = 0.01, 0.01, 0.02).

Conclusions

The low‐dose protocol yielded adequate image quality for postoperative CBCT healing assessment in patients who have undergone alveolar bone grafting. However, the confidence level of observers during the assessment with the low‐dose protocol was reduced. This study is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06395077).

Clinical Trial Registration

This study is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06395077).
Education and Communication on the Topic of Osteonecrosis of the Jaw When Taking Bone‐Stabilizing Drugs
Authors: Saur Franz Gustav , Keinki Christian , Cramer Alin , Buentzel Jens , Hübner Jutta
Published: November 2024

Objectives

The aim of this study was to analyze the communication between doctors and patients who were taking bone‐stabilizing medication and in rare cases developed osteonecrosis of the jaw as a result.

Material and Methods

A standardized questionnaire recorded deficits based on patient experiences. These data were used to develop solution strategies for improving doctor–patient communication and the benefit–risk assessment of medication use.

Results

Most patients were satisfied with the information provided by their doctor; however, one in three (29.8%) were not informed about possible side effects, and a quarter (24.6%) only found out about osteonecrosis of the jaw through their own research. Only half (45.7%) were asked about risk factors, and most information materials were rated poorly. The diagnosis took an average of 18.7 months, with many (47.8%) consulting a doctor only when they experienced pain. Quality of life was severely impaired, with daily pain, physical limitations, and negative effects on mental health. About a third (35.3%) reported that their quality of life had deteriorated significantly.

Conclusions

Further research into patient education is necessary. Web‐based information brochures, improved follow‐up care, and close cooperation with dentists are required. The use of a running sheet, such as the AGSMO running sheet, for individual risk assessment of osteonecrosis of the jaw is recommended. Patients undergoing treatment with bone‐stabilizing medication should be monitored closely. Education about osteonecrosis of the jaw must be continued, and the medical profession must be confronted with it.
Genetic variation and population structure of the rice accessions maintained in the AfricaRice genebank using DArTseq
Authors: Gouda Arnaud Comlan , Sangare Jean Rodrigue , Gnikoua Karlin , Wambugu Peterson , Huggins Trevis D. , Ndjiondjop Marie Noelle
Published: November 2024

Utilizing the full potential of rice collections mainly depends on an in‐depth exploration and understanding of the vast diversity in its germplasm. The AfricaRice genebank holds the largest collection of rice germplasm originating from the African continent. In the present study, we comprehensively characterized a collection of 9013 accessions, including Oryza barthii A. Chev., Oryza glaberrima Steud., Oryza longistaminata A. Chev. & Roehr., Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica, and Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica, for genetic diversity and population structure using genotyping‐by‐sequencing through DArTseq analysis. We identified 27,718 high‐quality single nucleotide polymorphism markers after the genotypic data were filtered. Based on the analyses, the collection has extensive genetic diversity, and the average genetic distance of the entire set was 0.267 (range 0.001–0.469), with 45.1% of pairs of accessions being highly distant and 40.1% moderately distant from each other. Neighbor‐joining tree, principal component, and Bayesian population structure analyses clustered the 9013 accessions into six groups, based roughly on their taxonomic and biological status. The first, second, and third groups consisted of accessions belonging to O. glaberrima, O. barthii, and O. longistaminata, respectively. The fourth, fifth, and sixth groups were improved‐indica, japonica, and traditional‐indica accessions, respectively. The highest value of genetic variance proportion (PhiPT) was found in the species group followed by groups based on cluster analysis and on Bayesian population structure at K = 6. These results allow us to better understand the genetic diversity present in 9013 rice accessions maintained in the AfricaRice genebank and offer a valuable tool for pre breeding, breeding, and further genetic applications.
Second‐Harmonic Ripple in Two‐Stage Single‐Phase Photovoltaic Inverters: Analysis and Mitigation
Authors: Carmo Mendonça Dayane do , Viana Silva Gleison , Augusto Pereira Heverton , Curi Busarello Tiago Davi , Fagner Cupertino Allan
Published: November 2024

Two‐stage single‐phase photovoltaic inverters exhibit a second‐harmonic ripple at the dc‐link voltage, which can cause variations in the terminal voltage of the photovoltaic array, reducing the efficiency of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT). Initially, this work investigates the efficiency reduction caused by the second‐harmonic component using analytical models. Besides, this work explores a control technique to reduce the ripple in the terminals of the photovoltaic module based on real‐time normalization of the dc/dc converter control signal. This technique is compared with conventional control and with the addition of second‐harmonic resonant control. The case study is based on a 4.4‐kVA/220‐V photovoltaic inverter with input for two photovoltaic strings. The results indicate that both techniques are capable of performing the attenuation of the voltage ripple at the terminals of the photovoltaic array, resulting in efficiency gains in the order of 0.74% for the strategy based on resonant control and 0.95% for the proposed normalization technique. In addition, C‐HIL and experimental results prove the reduction in voltage ripple with the normalization and resonant control. As an advantage, the normalization technique is simpler than the second one, because it does not require modification of the control structure of the dc/dc converter.
A Successive Approximate Angle Track Converter for Sinusoidal Encoders
Authors: Lai Xinquan , Wang Bingyuan , Niu Zhiwen
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a novel angle track converter for sinusoidal encoders. These encoders provide electronic signals in which the position is encoded in sinusoidal form. This work aims to reduce the complexity and enhance the conversion speed of the sinusoidal‐to‐angle demodulation system. Considering the periodicity of sine and cosine signals (SCSs), the full range is evenly divided into eight segments to determine the coarse angle. According to the specific coarse angle segment, the SCSs are reshaped for proceeding demodulation. Then a fine angle is derived from reshaped signals based on division and arctangent algorithm. Division operation is achieved by a capacitor digital‐to‐analog converter, dynamic comparator, and successive approximation register. The arctangent value is obtained from the division result with the compensation by a small‐size look‐up table. The new converter fabricated in 0.18‐m BCD technology occupies an active area of 0.16 mm2 and consumes 1.5 mW at the sample rate 10 MHz. The measured maximum error is 1.8°, in the full range. Without analog‐to‐digital converters and no nonlinear operation unit, the proposed angle track converter has a significant advantage in cost, speed, and efficiency.
Salivary Duct Carcinoma Metastasis in the Pleural Fluid
Authors: Haddad Sandra , Kilic Irem , Barkan Güliz A.
Published: November 2024

Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is a relatively rare, highly aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis that can be challenging to distinguish on cytology specimens. Awareness of the cytomorphologic and immunocytochemical findings is essential in arriving at a definitive diagnosis. This case report describes the primary diagnosis of a metastatic SDC on effusion fluid cytology.
Evaluation of Antibiotic‐Loaded Bone Cement in Treatment of Infected Diabetic Foot: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Chen Hua , Yao Ling , Zhou Yu , Dai Jiezhi
Published: November 2024

Background

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a common and complex complication in patients with diabetes mellitus. The study of antibiotic‐loaded bone cement for the treatment of infected diabetic foot is limited. We aimed to assess the efficacy of antibiotic‐loaded bone cement for the treatment of infected diabetic foot.

Methods

The MEDLINE, Embase, BIOSIS, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Web of Knowledge databases were systematically searched up to May 2023 with no language restrictions. We assessed eligible studies for the efficacy of antibiotic‐loaded bone cement for the treatment of infected diabetic foot. The standard mean differences (SMDs) or the risk ratios (RRs) were calculated for continuous or dichotomous data, respectively. Data were analysed using the Cochrane Collaboration's RevMan 5.0 software.

Results

Nine articles with 565 patients were analysed in our meta‐analysis. The wound healing time in ABC group was significantly shorter than that in the control group (SMD = −1.64, 95% CI −2.27 to −1.02 p < 0.00001, I2 = 88%). The ABC group had a significantly decreased number of debridements (SMD = −2.47, 95% CI −4.24 to −0.70, p < 0.00001, I2 = 95%). The pooled data showed no significant difference (RR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.12 to 1.39, p = 0.84, I2 = 0%).

Conclusion

This is the first meta‐analysis comparing the efficacy of antibiotic‐loaded bone cement for the treatment of infected diabetic foot. Antibiotic‐loaded bone cement treatment significantly shortened the wound healing time and reduced the number of debridements without increasing the incidence of complications.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO CRD42023406017