bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Benefícios fiscais e sustentabilidade: um estudo dos municípios catarinenses
Authors: Nadir Junior Amery Moisés , Alberton Anete , Saath Kleverton Clóvis de Oliveira
Published: May 2021

Resumo A relação entre benefícios fiscais e sustentabilidade não tem sido objeto de muitas pesquisas empíricas, apesar da importância da mensuração e do acompanhamento da efetividade dos gastos tributários. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar a influência dos benefícios fiscais de ICMS - imposto sobre circulação de mercadorias e prestação de serviços de transporte e de comunicação - na sustentabilidade dos municípios catarinenses. Para tanto, com base num conjunto de dados secundários em painel, coletados entre 2005 e 2017, emprega-se a modelagem de equações estruturais. A despeito de os resultados apontarem relações estatisticamente significativas, constata-se que os benefícios fiscais, em grau elevado, promovem a sustentabilidade econômica; em grau moderado, a sustentabilidade social; e, em grau baixo, a sustentabilidade ambiental.
Thromboelastometry assessment of mycophenolate mofetil effect on thrombotic risk in dogs with primary and secondary immune-mediated hemolytic anemia and by Erhlichia canis infection
Authors: Gorenstein T.G. , Portilho F.V.R. , Calobrizi N.P. , Gonçalves D.S. , Paes A.C. , Takahira R.K.
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT This study aimed to identify, by means of thromboelastometry assessment, altered thrombotic risk in dogs with primary and secondary IMHA by E. canis infection after initiating the immunosuppressive therapy with mycophenolate mofetil. The animals’ screening was based on complete blood count (CBC), biochemical and urine tests. Dogs with moderate to severe anemia (hematocrit ≤ 25%) which showed symptoms of immune-mediated hemolysis, such as spherocytosis, positive saline agglutination, bilirubinuria and/or hemoglobinuria, were included. Blood and urine samples were collected at two different moments. The first sample (M1) was collected at the time of diagnosis, when hematocrit was lower or equal to 25% before treatment with mycophenolate mofetil (Accord ®); the second sample (M2) was collected after treatment with mycophenolate mofetil, when hematocrit was greater or equal to 30%. Five out of the twelve animals selected died before the end of the study. No reduction in thrombotic risk was observed in the animals treated with mycophenolate mofetil. The animals that presented hypocoagulation at the time of diagnosis showed the worst prognosis, and their reticulocyte count displayed a better prognostic value than their erythrocytes count at the time of diagnosis.
Multiresistance and virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from pigs
Authors: Nobre M.L.M. , Santos L.S. , Silva D.R.P. , Oliveira F.A.A. , Araújo A.R. , Campos M.A.S. , Sousa B.C. , Figueirêdo A.V. , Muratori M.C.S. , Soares M.J.S.
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT The emergence of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains (LA-MRSA) and the potential role of pigs in the evolution of these strains has led to increased interest in research of these microorganisms. However, this has contributed to a lack of research in the isolation and characterization of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus strains (MSSA). In this study, the prevalence of S. aureus in pigs in the nursery and finishing stages were analyzed. The susceptibility profiles to antibiotics, tolerance to heavy metals, and biofilm production of the isolates were evaluated using phenotypic and genotypic techniques. A total of 1,250 colonies suggestive of Staphylococcus spp. were isolated from 128 pigs, of which 63.6% (n = 795) belonged to this microbial genus. Sixty-seven colonies isolated from 34 animals (26.5%) were confirmed as S. aureus (8.4%). No strains resistant to copper, zinc, or methicillin were detected; however, all strains presented a resistance profile to at least three different classes of antimicrobials and 21 produced biofilms. These data are of concern, as they indicate the need for increased surveillance in the use of antimicrobials as well as reinforce the importance of studies on MSSA strains.
Omentum as non-strangled inguino scrotal hernia content in stallion: case report
Authors: Góss G.C. , Azevedo M.S. , Duarte C.A. , Mozzaquatro F.D. , Pradella G.D. , Taschetto P.M. , Heckler G.F. , Severo E.S.
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT Non-strangulated acquired hernias in stallions are rare, especially when the herniated content is not intestinal loops. Thus, the aim of the current study is to describe a case of acquired non-strangulated inguinoscrotal hernia in a stallion, whose herniated content was the omentum. The patient was a Criollo stallion with history of rhabdomyolysis, laminitis and bilateral scrotal volume increase observed in the left scrotal region. The animal presented pain in both thoracic limbs, abnormal blood test, especially hypoproteinemia, and mild pain during palpation in the left inguinal ring region. Hydrocele secondary to hypoproteinemia was suspected. After admission, the animal showed signs of acute abdomen, which were clinically reversed. With this, the animal was subjected to ultrasound examination of the scrotal region, whose findings suggested non-strangulated inguinal hernia, although the content could not be identified. Surgical treatment was chosen in order to identify the herniated content and remove the left testicle. Access to the affected scrotum was performed, in which the presence of fluid and a portion of the omentum was observed surrounding the testis and adhering to it. The animal was discharged after he recovered from the surgery and from laminitis. During the breeding season, the stallion remained with a herd of mares for natural mating. After 15 months of surgery, the animal was reassessed and showed no active signs of inflammatory and degenerative processes in the remaining testis. On this occasion, a pregnancy diagnosis was also performed, and all the mares were pregnant. It is concluded that the presence of omentum as a herniated content does not represent a surgical emergency but can make the reproductive prognosis reserved. In addition, removal of the affected testicle can benefit the spermatogenesis of the remaining testicle.
Erratic migration of Ascaridia hermaphrodita (Nematoda: Ascaridida) in a blue-fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva) from illegal wildlife trade: case report
Authors: Siqueira R.S. , Lucena R.B. , Guerra R.R. , Vilela V.L.R. , Vasconcelos R.H. , Quaresma A.M.G.G. , Riet-Correa F.
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT Ascaridiasis by Ascaridia hermaphrodita is a common parasitic disease in blue-fronted Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva) and the contamination occurs by ingestion of eggs. Illegal trade of wild birds can increase the frequency of visceral erratic migration by this parasite. Hence, this report describes the erratic migration of A. hermaphrodita and associated lesions in a blue-fronted Amazon parrot. This is a retrospective study, which originated from several apprehension of illegal birds in the state of Paraíba, Brazil. Necropsy revealed intense intestinal ascarid infestation. Hepatic lesions were also observed associated with the parasite migration. Stereoscopy allowed the identification of the morphology of the parasites. Summarizing, this condition in wild birds is not fully understood and may be associated with illegal trade.
Antibodies against Leptospira spp. in bovine serum samples from several Brazilian states analyzed in the period from 2007 to 2015
Authors: Furquim M.E.C. , Santos R.F. , Mathias L.A.
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT Bovine leptospirosis assumes great economic importance since it affects several production aspects. Therefore, knowledge about the occurrence and distribution of this disease is fundamental to adopt the correct prevention measures. The present study aimed to evaluate the frequency of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies in 24,483 bovine serum samples received between 2007 to 2015 from 21 Brazilian states. Of these, 8,643 (35.3%) were reagents in the microscopic agglutination test to one or more serovars of Leptospira spp. The most frequent serovars were Wolffi (61.47%), Tarassovi (9.62%) and Pomona (7.20%). Hardjo serovar presented a prevalence of 6.27%. Among the 21 states analyzed, the State of Pernambuco had the highest frequency with 88.24% and the State of São Paulo was the origin of the largest number of analyzed samples (13,838), with a frequency of 31.54% of reagents. The results demonstrate a high exposure to several serovars of Leptospira spp. in bovine species in Brazilian states, showing the importance of adopting prophylactic measures in order to reduce the risk of infection in this specie.
Granulomatous tracheitis and dermatitis due to Curvularia sp. in a horse: case report
Authors: Fiorin É.V. , Brigatto M.C.B. , Jardim P.H.A. , Chang M.R. , Leal C.R.B. , Araújo M.A.
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT Tracheal fungal infections in horses are rare. This case report describes surgical and clinical management of a filly with a Curvularia sp. infection within the trachea and skin that caused severe intraluminal granulomas and cutaneous nodules, respectively. The patient was successfully treated with itraconazole and surgical excision.
Enrabamento, cura e proteção: cosmologias do Caboclo Ataíde no Nordeste Paraense
Authors: Silva Jerônimo da Silva e , Silveira Flávio Leonel Abreu da
Published: May 2021

Resumo O Caboclo Ataíde é uma entidade da encantaria amazônica que se manifesta próximo dos rios e mangues no litoral do nordeste paraense, município de Bragança, conhecido como um “caboclo” ou “encantado” que emerge das narrativas das populações locais sob a forma de animais. O artigo analisa a presença do encantado em dois aspectos. No primeiro, apreende-se o ato de “enrabar” pessoas em ambientes de pesca, retirada de caranguejo e festas, penetrando-lhes o “rabo” e “xiri” repentinamente, causando dores e doenças com variados efeitos; o segundo é a capacidade de proteger pessoas acometidas pela “malinação” de outros encantados, sendo evocado por rezadores e pajés da região para combater ou “tirar as cordas” dos chamados “caboclos brabos”. Narrativas acerca do ato de enrabar e proteger, alternativamente, visibilizam elementos da relação cosmológica da entidade em variadas formas de afetação nos espaços do trabalho, do prazer e da cura.
PERINATAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PREMATURITY IN NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
Authors: Pitilin Érica de Brito , Rosa Gabriela Flores Dalla , Hanauer Marceli Cleunice , Kappes Simone , Silva Debora Tavares Resende e , Oliveira Patrícia Pereira de
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the perinatal factors associated with prematurity in neonatal intensive care units from prenatal care. Method: a case-control study carried out in the southern region of the country with 186 puerperal women, from July to November 2018. A hierarchical approach strategy and conditional logistic regression were used in data analysis. Results: among the preterm births, 5.9% (n=11) were classified as extremely premature (<31 weeks), 12.9% (n=24) as moderate prematurity (32 to 34 weeks and 6 days) and 31.2% (n=58) as late premature (35 to 36 weeks and 6 days). The factors associated with the occurrence of prematurity were maternal age (30 years old), schooling (<8 years) and income (4 wages). Among the perinatal factors in the final adjustment model, insufficient number of consultations (OR 2.69/95% CI 1.10 - 6.55) and late onset of prenatal care (OR 4.34/95% CI 1.49 - 12.58) were associated with the occurrence of the outcome. On the other hand, absence of complications, premature membrane rupture and infections in the current pregnancy, as well as adequate clinical management and specific referral were protective factors against the occurrence of births before 37 weeks of pregnancy. Conclusion: it is necessary that health professionals are accessible to the most varied social changes, considering their role as educators and health promoters. Qualified and appropriate Nursing assistance in prenatal care for pregnant women reduces the chance of the newborns being admitted to neonatal intensive care units.
IN SITU SIMULATION IN THE PERMANENT EDUCATION OF THE INTENSIVE CARE NURSING TEAM
Authors: Malfussi Luciana Bihain Hagemann de , Nascimento Eliane Regina Pereira do , Baptista Rui Carlos Negrão , Lazzari Daniele Delacanal , Martini Jussara Gue , Hermida Patrícia Madalena Vieira
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: to know the perception of nursing professionals about the in situ strategy in continuing education in intensive care. Method: a descriptive, exploratory and qualitative study, conducted with 15 nursing professionals from an Intensive Care Unit. Data was collected from December 2018 to February 2019, by means of semi-structured interviews, after in situ simulations that occurred in the work environment and involving two settings, one on septic shock and the other, cardiorespiratory arrest. For analysis, the collective subject discourse technique was applied using a software program. Results: from the 15 nursing professionals participating in the study, eight were nurses and seven were nursing technicians. Their age varied from 23 to 56 years old and their time in intensive care ranged from two months to 17 years. The in situ simulation was perceived as an opportunity to update and acquire professional knowledge, skills and competencies, especially for those without experience, favoring the gain of self-confidence, communication, decision-making and clinical reasoning. The simulated in situ strategy was also portrayed as a possibility of training in the professional practice and in real time, unlike traditional training, and also, as a safe environment to make mistakes of diverse magnitudes because it is a training setting. Conclusion: the professionals understand the in situ simulation as being valid for professional update and practical learning in a safe setting.
Gesneriaceae da Serra do Relógio, Descoberto, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Pereira Luciana Carvalho , Barbosa Daniel Elias Ferreira , Chautems Alain Philippe , Menini Neto Luiz
Published: May 2021

RESUMO (Gesneriaceae da Serra do Relógio, Descoberto, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil). A Serra do Relógio está localizada no município de Descoberto, Zona da Mata no Estado de Minas Gerais. Há duas importantes Unidades de Conservação, a Reserva Biológica da Represa do Grama (RBRG) e a Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Alto da Boa Vista (RPPNABV). Juntas abrangem uma área total de 402,6 hectares, sendo composta, predominantemente pela Floresta Estacional Semidecidual baixo-montana. Gesneriaceae está representada na área por oito espécies, distribuídas nos gêneros Besleria (2 spp.), Nematanthus (3 spp.), Paliavana (1 spp.), Sinningia (1 spp.) e Vanhouttea (1 spp.). Neste trabalho são apresentadas descrições, chave de identificação, comentários sobre taxonomia, distribuição e ecologia assim como fotos para todas as espécies.
Triagem Auditiva Neonatal: associação entre a cobertura, oferta de fonoaudiólogos e equipamentos no Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Thalita da Silva , Dutra Monique Ramos Paschoal , Cavalcanti Hannalice Gottschalck
Published: May 2021

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar a cobertura da triagem auditiva neonatal e sua associação com a quantidade de Fonoaudiólogos no SUS e de equipamentos disponíveis nas unidades federativas do Brasil nos anos de 2012 e 2018. Método O estudo é do tipo ecológico descritivo de séries temporais tendo como unidade de análise as Unidades de Federação do Brasil e os nascidos-vivos. Foi realizada a análise exploratória da cobertura da triagem auditiva neonatal e análise descritiva dos dados. O coeficiente de correlação do ranking de Spearman foi usado para medir a força e direção de associação entre duas variáveis ranqueadas. Resultados A COB no Brasil apresentou evolução de 24,1% para 67,6%. Observaram-se melhores coberturas estão nas Regiões Sul e Sudeste em 2012 e no ano de 2018 destacando-se a Região Sul e o estado do MS. A média do índice de fonoaudiólogos foi de 4,79 e 8,9/100.000 habitantes, respectivamente para os anos de 2012 e 2018. O índice da oferta de equipamentos de “Emissões Otoacústicas Evocadas Transientes” se manteve abaixo de 1/100.000 habitantes nos dois anos e em todas as unidades federativas do país. Conclusão A cobertura da triagem apresentou um aumento no Brasil, porém ainda abaixo do recomendado e está relacionada com o aumento da inserção de fonoaudiólogos no SUS. A distribuição espacial se apresenta heterogênea em todo seu território.
Resistant bending moment to lateral-torsional buckling of continuous steel and concrete composite beams with transverse stiffeners
Authors: Oliveira Janaina Pena Soares de , Dias João Victor Fragoso , Fakury Ricardo Hallal , Calenzani Adenilcia Fernanda Grobério
Published: May 2021

Abstract In this paper, a numerical analysis using the finite element method, employing the commercial code Ansys, is performed to evaluate the influence of transverse stiffeners welded to the web of the steel profile on the lateral stiffness and resistant bending moment of continuous steel and concrete composite beams subjected to lateral-torsional buckling (LTB). The developed numerical model was validated by comparison with the results of tests performed by another researcher. Subsequently, a parametric analysis was carried out for beams with two and three spans, varying the spacing between the stiffeners. Finally, based on the analysis performed, it was concluded that the transverse stiffeners can significantly increase the lateral stiffness and the resistant moment of continuous composite beams. A calculation procedure to obtain this moment is proposed, having as reference the prescriptions of the Brazilian standard ABNT NBR 8800:2008.
Análise espaço-temporal do primeiro ano da pandemia de COVID-19 no município do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Santos Cleber Vinicuis Brito dos , Cavalcante João Roberto , Pungartnik Paula Cristina , Guimarães Raphael Mendonça
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: descrever a evolução espaço-temporal de detecção de casos e mortalidade por COVID-19 no município do Rio de Janeiro durante o primeiro ano da pandemia. Métodos: foi realizado um estudo ecológico cujas unidades de análise foram os bairros do município do Rio de Janeiro. Foram calculadas as taxas de incidência e mortalidade, excesso de risco, índice de Moran global (I de Moran), indicador local de associação espacial (LISA), razão de incidência padronizada (SIR) e razão de mortalidade padronizada (SMR) para bairros do município do Rio de Janeiro. Resultados: foram notificados 204.888 casos e 19.017 óbitos por COVID-19, o município apresentou durante os 3 primeiros meses de pandemia taxas de incidência superiores ao Estado do Rio de Janeiro e ao Brasil  e taxas de mortalidade superiores ao Estado  do Rio de Janeiro e Brasil a partir de maio de 2020 até fevereiro de 2021. Bonsucesso foi o bairro com maiores taxas de incidência e mortalidade, e aos longo dos bairros e dos meses não há sincronia entre os piores momentos da pandemia de COVID-19 Conclusões: ressaltamos a necessidade de implantação de medidas mais rígidas para controle e prevenção, aumento na detecção de casos e a aceleração da campanha de imunização da COVID-19.
Controlled shape memory effects of magnetic polymer nanocomposites by induction heating
Authors: Frost Brody A , Carlton Hayden , Martinez Ricardo , Lovett Erica , Huitink David , Foster E Johan
Published: May 2021

Interest in stimuli-responsive materials has increased rapidly, leading to a multitude of innovative applications in biomedical design. This study seeks to induce controlled shape memory effects through induction heating of magnetic polymer nanocomposites while retaining thermal consistency within attached hydrogel composites for various biomedical applications. Three commonly used polymer matrices were embedded with varying concentrations of magnetite nanoparticles to determine minimum and maximum loading effects on induction heating response and optimal shape memory effects. Thermal and morphological characterizations were performed to determine transition temperatures, followed by induction heating tests by way of an induction coil at different magnetic field strengths to determine heating rates, activation times and activation rates of shape memory effects for each polymer nanocomposite composition. Simultaneously, mechanically tunable sodium alginate and cellulose nanocrystal hydrogel composites were fabricated and characterized to determine hydrational, mechanical and thermal buffering properties. Induction heating tests revealed that all substrates exhibited a heating response; however, shape memory effects were observed only in poly(vinyl acetate) and Nylon 11. Moreover, all hydrogels displayed promising thermal dissipation, <1°C per 20 s of heating, preventing any potential thermal shock to biological components. These unique properties will allow for successful employment of these multi-composite scaffolds in a multitude of biological applications.
Transcriptional Regulation of the Interleukin-6 Gene in Mesangial Cells
Authors: GRASSL CHRISTIAN , LUCKOW BRUNO , SCHLÖNDORFF DETLEF , DENDORFER ULRICH
Published: May 2021

Cytokine secretion by mesangial cells (MC) plays a major role in the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis. To define signaling events that occur during the activation of MC, the cell-specific transcriptional regulation of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene was studied. Stimulation with lipopolysaccharide and IL-1β resulted in the full induction of IL-6 expression only if the cells were coincubated with cAMP agonists; this effect was attenuated by protein kinase A inhibitors. In reporter gene experiments, the IL-6 promoter showed a stimulation pattern comparable to that of the endogenous gene. Elimination of individual transcription factor binding sites provided evidence for functional roles for four cis-acting elements, i.e., activator protein-1, cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), nuclear factor for IL-6 expression (NF-IL6), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Electrophoretic mobility shift assays using nuclear extracts from MC revealed that the DNA-binding activities of activator protein-1 and NF-κB were inducible, whereas no change could be observed for CREB and NF-IL6. The presence of several transcription factor proteins, including JunB, JunD, c-Fos, Fra-1, CREB-1, activating transcription factor-2, NF-κB p50, p52, and p65, and CAAT/enhancer-binding protein-δ, was demonstrated by supershift analysis. Of particular interest was the novel finding of the participation of NF-κB p65 in the NF-IL6 complex. In summary, a signal transduction pathway in MC that requires protein kinase A activation in addition to a second signal provided by lipopolysaccharide or IL-1β was identified.
Activation of Mitogenic Pathways by Albumin in Kidney Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cells
Authors: DIXON RICK , BRUNSKILL NIGEL JOHN
Published: May 2021

Albumin is filtered into the proximal tubule in large quantities in nephrotic states. It has been proposed that this protein may have a toxic effect on tubular epithelial cells and may be responsible for the initiation of interstitial inflammation and scarring. The mitogenic effect of recombinant human albumin in wild-type opossum kidney cells and in similar cells transfected with a dominant negative p85 subunit (Δp85) of phopshatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) has been studied. This study demonstrates that recombinant human albumin stimulates proliferation of opossum kidney cells in culture. This effect is mediated via PI 3-kinase, and is inhibited by wortmannin and Δp85 expression. Albumin stimulates PI 3-kinase activity in opossum kidney cells as determined by three different experimental procedures. Recombinant albumin also stimulates pp70s6 kinase activity in a kinase cascade downstream of PI 3-kinase. Activity of pp70s6 kinase is essential for albumin-induced proliferation of opossum kidney cells. It is proposed that this mitogenic pathway may have a critical role in proximal tubular homeostasis and pathophysiology of proteinuric states.
Mast Cells in Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis
Authors: TÓTH TIBOR , TÓTH-JAKATICS RIA , JIMI SHIRO , IHARA MAKOTO , URATA HIDENORI , TAKEBAYASHI SHIGEO
Published: May 2021

The role of mast cells (MC) in tubulointerstitial damage in glomerulonephritis (GN) is not fully understood. The distribution of MC was compared in renal biopsies from 50 patients with different stages of rapidly progressive GN (RPGN) and in 20 control samples. The immunoreactivity of renal MC with anti-tryptase and anti-chymase antibodies was studied. Interstitial myofibroblasts were stained with anti-α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) antibody, and inflammatory cells were identified by anti-CD3, -CD20, and -CD68 monoclonal antibodies. Positively stained cells were counted, and the relative interstitial and fractional areas of anti-α-SMA-stained cells were measured. MC were rarely found in control samples. In contrast, samples showing crescentic GN contained numerous tryptase-positive MC (MCT) (43.7 ± 4.65 versus 7.14 ± 1.3/mm2) and fewer tryptase- and chymase-positive MC (MCTC) (13.8 ± 1.86 versus 1.89 ± 0.86/mm2) in the renal interstitium but never in the glomerulus. Double immunostaining demonstrated the presence of both phenotypes of MC. Accumulation of MC was significantly correlated with the numbers of T lymphocytes (MCT, r = 0.67) and interstitial macrophages (MCT, r = 0.455). There was also a significant correlation between the number of MCT and the relative interstitial area. The number of MCTC was well correlated with the fractional area of α-SMA-positive interstitium (r = 0.749) and the percentage of the interstitial fibrotic area (r = 0.598). There was also a significant negative correlation between interstitial MCTC accumulation and creatinine clearance (r = 0.661). The density of MCTC was higher (1.4-fold) in advanced forms of GN associated with fibrocellular crescents and interstitial fibrosis. These results show the potential involvement of MC in the fibroproliferative process in the renal interstitium of patients with RPGN. The results indicate that these cells constitute part of the overall inflammatory cell accumulation in RPGN.
Determination of Relay Opening Current Information and Coordination of Distribution Network of Sakarya Province, Yazlık Region
Authors: ULUTAŞ Volkan , ARİFOĞLU Uğur , HIZARCI Halime
Published: May 2021

Electricity is delivered to end users through generation, transmission, and distribution phases. The most important issues during energy journey is to provide selective, rapid, and safe protection to ensure energy continuity. In this context, when the operating conditions defined in the protection systems are exceeded, an effective protection system and coordination are required to provide that as few consumers as possible are affected by the energy outage and reliably isolate the fault. If the short circuit is not separate from the network quickly after a short circuit occurs, network equipment and electrical devices may be damaged because of overcurrent that occurs. In this study, the coordination of overcurrent protection relay at 34.5 kV voltage level of the distribution network in Sakarya Province, Serdivan District, Yazlık region is made and MATLAB/Simulink is used in the modeling of the system. All data of inspected distribution network is embedded to MATLAB/Simulink file and then optimum protection is provided on relay coordination settings by performing power flow analysis and short circuit calculations.
U-251MG Spheroid generation using low attachment plate method protocol v1
Authors: J Carroll Lara
Published: May 2021

3D cell culture is a process used to grow cells in vitro to mimic an in vivo environment. 3D cell models are very useful for understanding disease mechanisms and exploring drug therapeutics. 3D cultures can be grown from cells taken from cancer organoids in patients. Once grown, they can be used to screen for small molecule drugs or they can be genetically modified in order to analyse disease pathways or predict the toxicity or efficacy of a drug treatment. These cultures decrease the need to use animals in research and provides more reliable results as it uses human physiology. This protocol describes the in vitro generation of spheroids using the low attachment plate method. This method uses low-adhesion plates that are coated with hydrophilic polymer to allow cells to cluster together, forming their own extracellular matrix, rather than sticking to the plate surface. The scaffold-free 3D cell culture models produced can more accurately reflect an in vivo microenvironment making them useful in the study of oncology, hepatotoxicity, neurology, nephrology and stem cell biology. A B We used low attachment plates for tumorsphere construction and plates from Thermo Fisher Scientific and adapted protocols published by: 1. Perkinelmer.com. 2021. [online] Available at:  [Accessed 18 February 2021]. 2. Thermofisher.com. 2021. HepG2 Cell Line Spheroid Generation and Characterization for HT Assays | Thermo Fisher Scientific - UK. [online] Available at:  [Accessed 18 February 2021].
U-251MG Spheroid Generation Using Hanging Drop Method Protocol v1
Authors: J Carroll Lara
Published: May 2021

The use of 3D cell culture has been a major step in developing cellular models that can mimic physiological tissues. Traditional 2D cell cultures are often unable to accurately represent the cellular functions and responses that are present in tissues, as a result, research findings based on 2D cultures tend to be skewed with limited predictive capability. 3D cell cultures can be grown from cells obtained from cancer organoids in patients. These models are useful for understanding disease mechanisms and exploring drug therapeutics in areas such as toxicity and efficacy. In order to gather more physiologically relevant data, a variety of 3D cell culture techniques have been developed to mimic the in vivo characteristics of physiological tissues. This protocol describes in vitro generation of U-251MG spheroids using the hanging drop method. Advantages of using hanging drop plate method are, able to produce uniform size spheroids, low cost, comfortable to handling and suitable for short term culture. The main downside of this method is medium change, different drug treatment at different time points are impossible and labor intensive. This method uses the Perfecta3D hanging drop plate, a novel cell culture device that simplifies the process of spheroid formation, testing and analysis. Rather than having to invert the plates which often results in spillage or detachment, these plates are designed to create hanging drops using a plateau structure at the bottom of the plate. We used HDP1096 Perfecta3D® 96-well hanging drop plates for tumorsphere construction from 3D Biomatrix and adapted protocols published by: Hikage, F., Atkins, S., Kahana, A., Smith, T. and Chun, T., 2019. HIF2A–LOX Pathway Promotes Fibrotic Tissue Remodeling in Thyroid-Associated Orbitopathy. Endocrinology, [online] 160(1), p.3. Available at: . Moraes, G., Wink, M., Klamt, F., Silva, A. and Fernandes, M., 2020. Simplified low-cost methodology to establish, histologically process and analyze three-dimensional cancer cell spheroid arrays. European Journal of Cell Biology, [online] 99(5), pp.2-3. Available at: . sigmaaldrich.com. n.d. HDP1096 Perfecta3D® 96-Well Hanging Drop Plates Protocol. [online] Available at: .
Complexing Sodium Oleate for use in insulin secretion v1
Authors: F Spigelman Aliya , Ferdaoussi Mourad , E Macdonald Patrick
Published: May 2021

This protocol is for complexing of sodium oleate to be used in insulin secretion experiments.
SYBR green RT-PCR assay for the surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern v2
Authors: Cardoso Pedro , do Couto Motta Fernando , Agudo Mendonça Teixeira de Siqueira Marilda , Tupy de Godoy Daniela , Brindeiro Rodrigo , Barcellos Arruda Monica , Andrade Elisabete , Ribeiro Marisa , Fontana-Maurell Marcela , Costa Elaine , Rocha Daniele , Alvarez Patricia
Published: May 2021

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants with multiple shared mutations has been described to be more transmissible and could affect COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Some of these variants, known as B.1.1.7 (originally described in the United Kingdom), B1.351 (originally described in South Africa), and P.1 (originally described in Brazil) have rapidly become dominant within their countries and require a vigorous public health response. Whole Genomic sequencing remains the gold standard method to identify the SARS-CoV-2 variant, even though this approach is laborious, time-consuming, and expensive. Here, we have developed a fast and simple SYBR green based real-time RT-PCR assay that identifies a distinct signature affecting the Non-Structural Protein 6 (NSP6), a nine-nucleotides deletion leading to amino acid losses: Δ106S, Δ107G, and Δ108F. This NSP6 signature is present in the variants of concern (VOC) described above (B.1.1.7; B1.351; P.1) and has not been detected in other SARS-CoV-2 lineages.
HTAPP_Dissociation of human primary colorectal cancer resection specimens into single cell suspension for single cell RNA-seq v2
Authors: Pelka Karin , H Chen Jonathan , Hofree Matan , Moll Tabea , Goder-Reiser Max , not provided SusannahPhillips , Applebaum Anise , Dionne Danielle , Ge Will , Waldman Julia , Delorey Toni , Cuoco Mike , Biton Moshe , Sade-Feldman Moshe , Jané-Valbuena Judit , Anderson Ana , Kuchroo Vijay , Aguirre Andrew , Rozenblatt-Rosen Orit , Sharova Tatyana , Boland Genevieve , Regev Aviv , Hacohen Nir
Published: May 2021

This protocol describes the dissociation of primary human colorectal cancer (CRC) resection specimens into single cell suspensions for single cell RNA-seq applications. It was successfully used for droplet-based single cell RNA-seq of more than 60 patient specimens using the 10x Genomics platform, including 21 HTAPP CRC cohort samples. It can also be used upstream of other single cell RNA-seq approaches such as plate-based SS2 single cell RNA-seq protocols.
Opportunities for early diagnostics of contemporary obstetric sepsis
Authors: Bezhenar V. F. , Shapkaitz V. A. , Dobrovolskaya I. A. , Rukoyatkina E. A. , Nesterov I. M.
Published: May 2021

Aim: to objectively assess potential for early generalized postpartum infection diagnostics prior to the onset of irreversible organ changes based on a retrospective analysis.

Materials and Methods. Сlinical and laboratory forensic medical data were examined by analysing 29 cases of severe maternal outcomes coupled to sepsis: including 17 «near miss» and 12 deceased patients (maternal mortality). The control group consisted of 30 patients who had chorioamnionitis in labor and successfully completed pregnancy. Statistical data analysis was carried out by using nonparametric statistics by creating conjugacy tables and assessing a relationship between parameters with Pearson χ2 distribution.

Results. There were found significant differences in rate of some symptoms in both groups. Patients with severe maternal outcomes vs. control group were significantly more likely to develop hyperthermia ≥ 38.0 °C or hypothermia ≤ 36.0 °C, hectic fever, leukocytosis ≥ 12×109/L or leukopenia ≤ 4×109/L before the end of pregnancy; after pregnancy, persistent subfebrility, febrility or hypothermia, hectic fever, multiple-organ failure syndrome (PON), as well as uterine subinvolution and abnormal discharge from the genital tract were observed.

Conclusion. Early identification of recognized symptoms of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and PON allows to properly assess severity of patient condition, taking into account the risk of generalized infection, contributes to making correct diagnosis and timely implementation of adequate organizational and therapeutic measures.
Thrombophilia in the pathogenesis of fetal growth retardation
Authors: Orudzhova E. A. , Samburova N. A. , Anichkova E. V. , Gotsiridze K. E. , Bitsadze V. O.
Published: May 2021

Fetal growth retardation (FGR) is a complication of pregnancy that determines perinatal morbidity and mortality. It is a complex and multifaceted medical problem that does not lose its relevance. Impaired fetal development and delayed growth result from various etiopathogenesis of pathological processes occurring in the "mother–placenta–fetus" interface. Thrombophilia is one of the factors that can initiate disturbed placental function and the utero-placental blood flow. Here we describe the clinical FGR variants and etiopathogenetic factors of developing this complication of pregnancy (placental, maternal, and fetal). Special attention is paid to genetic and acquired thrombophilia (due to the circulation of antiphospholipid antibodies) and their role in development of such complication of pregnancy.
Criminalidade, desigualdade social e penalização de adolescentes e jovens
Authors: Faleiros Vicente de Paula
Published: May 2021

Resumo: Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar as relações entre a estrutura da desigualdade social, a delinquência juvenil, a violência e o Sistema Nacional de Atendimento Socioeducativo- Sinase -Lei 12.594 de 18/01/2012. A metodologia consistiu em coleta de dados secundários com análise de profundidade, em revisão narrativa, do contexto da criminalidade e do sistema penal socioeducativo. Os resultados mostram a ausência de condições de vida, a discriminação e retração do Estado no neoliberalismo de forma articulada com a significativa perpetração de violência letal contra adolescentes e jovens da periferia e negros e a inserção no sistema de punição, com a predominância da privação de liberdade. Como conclusão, considera-se que adolescentes e jovens envolvidos nas infrações penais e vítimas de homicídio são multidimensionalmente punidos ou penalizados como vítimas do descaso e da violência do Estado, da negação da cidadania e de direitos, bem como da desigualdade socioeconômica, de aliciamento pelo crime organizado, da incriminação penal e do sistema de controle policial da população excluída e periferizada. O fortalecimento do Estado policial/penal e o rebaixamento da inimputabilidade vão na direção contrária à prevenção a ser efetivada por uma política de educação em tempo integral e de inclusão da diversidade na ótica dos direitos humanos e de acesso ao trabalho digno.Palavras-chave: fabricação da criminalidade, penalização de adolescentes, sistema socioeducativo, desigualdade social. Abstract: This article aims to analyze the relationships between the structure of social inequality, juvenile delinquency, violence and the National System of Social and Educational Assistance - Sinase - Law 12,594 of 18/01/2012. The methodology consisted of collecting secondary data with depth analysis with narrative review of the context of crime and the socio-educational penal system. The results show the absence of living conditions, the discrimination and retraction of the State in neoliberalism in an articulated way with the significant perpetration of lethal violence against adolescents and young people from the periphery and blacks and the insertion in the punishment system, with the predominance of the deprivation of freedom. As a conclusion, it is considered that adolescents and young people involved in criminal offenses and victims of homicide are multidimensionally punished or penalized as victims of neglect and violence by the State, denial of citizenship and rights, as well as socioeconomic inequality, enticement by organized crime, criminal incrimination and the police control system of the excluded and peripheral population. The strengthening of the police / penal state and the reduction of non-accountability go in the opposite direction to the prevention to be carried out by a policy of full-time education and the inclusion of diversity from the perspective of human rights and access to decent work.Keywords: prodution of the crime, penalty of adolescents, socio-educational system, social inequality.
Allergen Profile of London Plane Tree Pollen: Clinical and Molecular Pattern in Central Spain
Authors: Nuñez-Borque E , Betancor D , Fernández-Bravo S , Gómez-Cardeñosa A , Esteban V , Garrido-Arandia M , de las Heras M , Pastor-Vargas C , Cuesta-Herranz J
Published: May 2021

Background: Platanus acerifolia (London plane tree) is a deciduous tree of the Platanaceae family. Sensitization to this plant varies with geography. Madrid, located in central Spain, has one of the highest London plane tree pollen concentration levels on the Iberian Peninsula. Objectives: We evaluated both the clinical characteristics and the molecular sensitization pattern of patients with allergy to London plane tree pollen in the region of Madrid. Patients and Methods: Thirty-eight patients allergic to London plane tree pollen were selected according to their clinical symptoms and positive results in skin prick testing and/or specific IgE determination. Serum was collected, and allergen components were evaluated using immunodetection techniques as well as ImmunoCAP. The IgE-binding proteins detected were identified and characterized using mass spectrometry. Results: Analysis of serum samples from allergic patients revealed 9 IgE-binding bands in London plane tree pollen extract. Among these, the 45-kDa protein, which corresponded to Pla a 2, was detected in 76.3% of patients. However, the 18-kDa (Pla a 1) and 9-kDa (Pla a 3) bands were detected in 44.7% and 23.7% of sera, respectively. These results were confirmed using purified proteins. Characterization of the allergen revealed the 27-kDa protein to be glutathione-S-transferase. Conclusions: The molecular profile of patients sensitized to London plane tree pollen differs from that reported in studies from other locations. In the population we studied, the prevalence of Pla a 2 was higher than that of Pla a 1 and Pla a 3. In addition, the minor allergen previously referred to as Pla a 4 was characterized as glutathione-S-transferase.
A Descriptive Study of Anatomical Variations of Uncinate Process on Sinonasal Computed Tomography
Authors: Kulkarni Shreeya V. , Manchanda Gunjan
Published: May 2021

Aim: The purpose of our study was to assess various anatomical variations of the uncinate process of the lateral nasal wall and to study the clinical association of its anatomical variations on computed tomography. Methods: A descriptive study of anatomical variations of the uncinate process with clinical association was undertaken in the Department of Ear, Nose & Throat of a Medical College and Tertiary Health care centre. The study was of 2 years duration and included 50 patients from August 2014-2016 and included 50 patients. Patients were selected according to a specified criteria and sinonasal computed tomography scans were undertaken with the help of Somatom Emotion 6 CT machine. Data was organised charted and analysed using statistical software SPSS 16. Results: The key findings in our study were that six types of anatomical variations of uncinate process and there frequency distribution was identified according to Landstiener and Friedman classification. Uncinate process types according to age and gender were charted and tests of association were applied. Conclusion: After statistical analysis we found no association between type of uncinate process and sinonasal symptoms. No association was seen between age and gender and variations of uncinate process. In our study, variation of superior attachment of uncinate process were found in 100% cases.
Doctor Death and Coronavirus: Supplicating Santa Muerte for Holy Healing
Authors: Kingsbury Kate
Published: May 2021

Human beings have long turned to religion and faith healing to overcome illness and seek to delay death. In the context of the COVID‑19 pandemic, I consider how in Mexico, devotees of Santa Muerte are turning to the folk saint of death to ward off and recover from the virus. I argue that supplication of Santa Muerte during times of coronavirus offers a social critique on the current context in Mexico. The government has introduced budget cuts, reducing spending during this pandemic, and failed to provide adequate measures to protect already vulnerable citizens living in poverty and within the grips of the drug war, from COVID‑19. Frontline workers are labouring in unsafe conditions with inadequate protective equipment and protocols. As a result, the death toll has risen rapidly. Mexico is currently listed as having the fourth highest death rate. I describe how fearing death, many have turned to the saint of death for recovery from coronavirus and to prolong life. My argument also counters the popular portrayal of Santa Muerte as a narcosaint, that is to say a saint solely venerated by narcotraffickers. Instead, I reveal that she is a saint of healing.
The Representation of Emak-Emak (Indonesian Housewives) in Gojek Indonesia’s Advertisement Titled Belanja di GoMart, Dibelanjain #EmakJago!
Authors: Kurniawan Erol
Published: May 2021

As a product of pop culture, advertisement is intentionally designed to entice people to get interested in buying products and services, or even ideas. It also often utilizes local social-cultural phenomena that are close to our daily lives. This article will analyze the representation of emak-emak (housewives) in the video advertisement entitled Belanja di Gomart, Dibelajanin #EmakJago (shopping in GoMart, guided by #superbhousewives) released by Gojek Indonesia official YouTube Channel. In this advertisement, the notion of ‘the power of emak-emak’ is used in as the main concept to represent women in two different characters, the ‘funny’ and ‘superb’. To feminist theorists, pop culture is always problematic for women as it strengthens the gender stereotypes putting them as either subordinate or inferior subjects. Additionally, scholars and Indonesian feminist activists have argued that the term emak-emak has either derogatory or negative connotations. Using cultural studies perspective as well as textual analysis, this qualitative research aims at analyzing how these emak-emak are represented in the ad. At the end of discussion, I would argue that this ad serves to actually maintain and exercise the patriarchal ideology in terms of gender stereotypes.
CRITICAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE ACCESS TO BANK CREDIT: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY
Authors: Elahi Ali Raza , Ahmed Alia , Majid Safyan , Asif Muhammad Farhan
Published: May 2021

Purpose of the study: The purpose of the current study is to get subjective information from SMEs about their views and elicit the experience of getting loans and why not getting loans.

Methodology: This study has been used qualitative research and findings have been gathered using face-to-face in-depth semi-structured interviews.

Main Findings: Findings showed that there are two types of SME firms categorized in 1) Firms that are willing to take a loan but unable to get them and 2) Firms that have access to finance but don’t want to obtain them, different themes have been extracted from the aforementioned categorization.

Applications of this study: This research can be effective to develop an economy in terms of employment generation, human resource development, value addition, poverty alleviation, income equality, entrepreneurial culture, and innovation, and Pakistan is no exception in this regard.

Novelty/Originality of this study: The study is contributing to running a manufacturing unit, usually a large land area is required. Moreover, business locations are preferred near to markets for ease of doing business. Since all these preferred choices require a lot of money to incur for capital expenditure which is hardly available for SMEs.