bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Foliar Supplementation of Nitrogenous Fertilizer on Yield Attributes and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Kumar Devashish , Choudhury Suborna Roy , Das Anupam , Acharya Shivasankar , Seema  , Homa Fozia , Srivastava J.N.
Published: January 2025

Foliar application of nitrogenous fertilizers has become a key factor in improving nitrogen use efficiency, boosting crop yields, and reducing farming costs. Liquid fertilizers are essential for precise nutrient management, ensuring crops receive the necessary nutrients throughout their growth cycle, thereby enhancing yield potential. A field experiment was conducted in the Rabi seasons of 2022-23 and 2023-24 to examine the impact of soil and foliar nitrogen supplementation on wheat growth. The experiment followed a Split Plot Design with three main plots and five subplots, each repeated thrice. The main plots included various nitrogen doses: M1 (100% recommended dose of nitrogen, RDN), M2 (75% RDN), and M3 (50% RDN). The subplots tested different foliar treatments: S1 (one spray of nano urea at the tillering stage), S2 (two sprays of nano urea at the tillering and jointing stages), S3 (two sprays of 5% urea at the tillering and jointing stages), S4 (one spray of NPK 19:19:19 at the tillering stage), and S5 (no spraying, control). The results showed that the full recommended nitrogen dose significantly improved wheat yield and related characteristics. The 100% RDN increased grain yield (4309 kg/ha), straw yield (6307 kg/ha), biological yield (10616 kg/ha), harvest index (40.58%), number of ear heads per square meter (324.39), ear head length (10.11 cm), number of grains per ear head (47.93), and 1000-grain weight (42.49 g) compared to the 75% and 50% RDN treatments. Moreover, foliar nitrogen application enhanced grain and straw yields. The highest ear head number (320.69), ear head length (9.89 cm), grains per ear head (47.44), 1000-grain weight (42.03 g), grain yield (4229 kg/ha), straw yield (6301 kg/ha), biological yield (10530 kg/ha), and harvest index (40.69%) were observed with two sprays of 5% urea at the tillering and jointing stages. This treatment performed similarly to two sprays of nano urea. Therefore, two spray of urea (5%) at tillering (45 DAS) and jointing (65 DAS) stage of wheat along with RDF would improve the performance of Wheat.
Optimization of Methyl Chloride Production from Methanol and Hydrogen Chloride by Enhancing Purity and Reducing Total Energy Demand
Authors: Salsabila Elvira , Aisyah Friska Auliya , Zulfa D Indana , Cahyani Regita Saalum , Chinara Nadzwa Adzlia
Published: January 2025

Methyl chloride, also known as chloromethane, is an important basic material in the global chemical industry. In 2022, the demand for methyl chloride in Indonesia was recorded at 103,748 tons per year. Based on projections, this figure is expected to increase to 134,696 tons per year by 2027. This study aims to investigate the design of methyl chloride plant by considering the efficiency in terms of energy and purity of yield by utilizing Aspen HYSYS V12 simulation tool in process integration. This research utilizes the iterative simulation method to compare the basic process simulation and the modified process simulation for methyl chloride production. The results show that the modified methyl chloride production process simulation has high energy efficiency as indicated by less energy requirements compared to the basic methyl chloride process. In addition, the simulation results of the modified methyl chloride production process produced methyl chloride reaching a high percentage of purity. In the basic process, the purity of methyl chloride reached 72.36% while the modified process showed an increase to 79.51%. It can be concluded that the simulation results of the modified process are more effective than the basic process in terms of energy requirements and purity product. Copyright © 2025 by Authors, Published by Universitas Diponegoro and BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
HPV18 E6 inhibits α‐ketoglutarate‐induced pyroptosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells via the P53/MDH1/ROS/GSDMC pathway
Authors: Tang Duo , Zheng Yuchen , Wang Guozhen , Sheng Chao , Liu Zijia , Wang Biqi , Zong Qi , Zhang Yuchen , Hou Xiaonan , Yao Mengfei , Zhou Zhixiang
Published: July 2023

Oncogene E6 plays a critical role in the development and progression of esophageal cancer caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Alpha‐ketoglutarate (AKG) is a key metabolite in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and has been widely used as a dietary and anti‐ageing supplement. In this study, we found that treating esophageal squamous carcinoma cells with a high dose of AKG can induce cell pyroptosis. Furthermore, our research confirms that HPV18 E6 inhibits AKG‐induced pyroptosis of esophageal squamous carcinoma cells by lowering P53 expression. P53 downregulates malate dehydrogenase 1 (MDH1) expression; however, MDH1 downregulates L‐2‐hydroxyglutarate (L‐2HG) expression, which inhibits a rise in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels—as L‐2HG is responsible for excessive ROS. This study reveals the actuating mechanism behind cell pyroptosis of esophageal squamous carcinoma cells induced by high concentrations of AKG, and we posit the molecular pathway via which the HPV E6 oncoprotein inhibits cell pyroptosis.
Direct and indirect effects of social dominance orientation on hate speech perpetration via empathy and moral disengagement among adolescents: A multilevel mediation model
Authors: Castellanos Melisa , Wettstein Alexander , Wachs Sebastian , Bilz Ludwig
Published: July 2023

Although it is known that social dominance orientation directly affects hate speech perpetration, few studies have explored the mechanisms by which this effect takes place during adolescence. Based on the socio‐cognitive theory of moral agency, we aimed to fill this gap in the literature by exploring the direct and indirect effects of social dominance orientation on hate speech perpetration in offline and online settings. The sample included seventh, eigth, and ninth graders (N = 3225) (51.2% girls, 37.2% with an immigrant background) from 36 Swiss and German schools who completed a survey about hate speech, social dominance orientation, empathy, and moral disengagement. A multilevel mediation path model revealed that social dominance orientation had a direct effect on offline and online hate speech perpetration. Moreover, social dominance also had indirect effects via low levels of empathy and high levels of moral disengagement. No gender differences were observed. Our findings are discussed regarding the potential contribution to preventing hate speech during adolescence.
Mediating effects of impulsivity and alexithymia in the association between traumatic brain injury and aggression in incarcerated males
Authors: Jansen Jochem M.
Published: July 2023

Studies suggest both alexithymia and impulsivity (partially) explain aggressive behavior in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients, but none of these studies use both questionnaire and performance‐based measures as recommended, nor simultaneously investigate both impulsivity and alexithymia. The available studies therefore likely miss part of the constructs of alexithymia and impulsivity, and do not comprehensively assess the mediating effects of both constructs in the relationship between TBI and aggression. A sample of N = 281 incarcerated individuals were recruited from Dutch penitentiary institutions, and completed the Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaire (aggression), BIS‐11 (impulsivity) and Toronto Alexithymia Scale‐20 (alexithymia) questionnaires, as well as a stop‐signal task and an emotion recognition paradigm. Several multiple mediation analyses were conducted using structural equation modelling, to assess the viability of a causal theoretical model of aggression. The final planned models were the original models with a good fit with the data (comparative fit index > 0.95, root mean square error of approximation and Standardized root mean square residual < 0.05), and results indicate that only questionnaire‐based impulsivity mediated the relationship between TBI and aggression. TBI was unrelated to alexithymia, stop‐signal or emotion recognition performance. Aggression was predicted by both alexithymia and impulsivity, but not by the performance measures. Post hoc analyses shows that alexithymia moderates the relationship between impulsivity and aggression. These results imply that aggressive incarcerated individuals showing impulsive behavior should be screened for TBI, since TBI is often overlooked or misdiagnosed, and indicate that both impulsivity and alexithymia are potential focus points for aggression reduction treatment in TBI patients.
A Novel Photosynthetic Biohybrid System for Microenvironment Regulation of Diabetes Retinopathy through Continuous Oxygen Supply and Nanozyme Cascade Reaction
Authors: Zhou Liyang , Lan Kaiyue , Huang Xiaomin , Huang Yuyan , Jin Yingying , Lu Si , Guo Yishun , Su Lili , Peng Yaou , Deng Zhennv , Yang Jianhua , Qian Siyuan , Lou Wanqing , Chu Xiaoying , Guo Hanwen , Wang Bailiang
Published: July 2023

According to International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas statistics, diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of vision loss in blinding diseases. The underlying cause of retinal vasculopathy progression in diabetic patients is hyperglycemia and hypoxia features in microvascular region. Hence, cyanobacteria are used as carriers to load both gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) with glucose oxidase‐like activity and iridium nanoparticles (Ir NPs) with catalase‐like activity, respectively (Cyano@Au@Ir). The Au NPs nanozyme first degrades glucose into hydrogen peroxide, which is further decomposed into H2O and O2 by the Ir NPs to complete the cascade hypoglycemic reaction. Based on the unique light transmittance of eyeball and the accumulation of light in the retinal area, the sustainable O2 production by Cyano greatly alleviates the hypoxia of microenvironment, leading to the decrease of angiogenic growth factor and hypoxia‐inducible factor expressions. Simultaneously, the highly expressed peroxide in the DR microenvironment can also be eliminated by Ir NPs for anti‐inflammatory property. Furthermore, it is demonstrated in DR animal model that Cyano@Au@Ir significantly reduces neovascular progression and vascular leakage. This novel treatment mode fundamentally degrades blood glucose, continuously supplies O2, and scavenges free radicals for comprehensive microenvironment regulation, providing inspirations for solving fundus complications of DR.
Air‐Processed Blue Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes Enabled by Manipulation of Adsorbed‐Moisture‐Dominated Crystallization Kinetics
Authors: Li Huixin , Wu Jiandong , Hu Siliang , Zhang Weiting , Gao Jialiang , Guo Yangyang , Guo Pengfei , Liu Chen , Zhao Guanguan , Fu Maosen , Bian Hongtao , Liu Taihong , Wang Hongyue , Wang Hongqiang
Published: July 2023

The fabrication of blue perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) in air conditions promises to liberate the manipulation procedures from the protection of inert atmosphere in the glovebox, which will remarkably promote the commercialization proceeding of perovskite‐based optoelectronic devices in display applications. However, achieving air‐processed blue PeLEDs in the interference of moisture meets great challenges in crystallization kinetics control. Herein, it is proposed that substrate‐adsorbed moisture dominates the perovskite crystallization kinetics during the fabrication in air, and the limited moisture from nonhygroscopic substrate inhibits the nucleation of the large‐n phase and allows the growth of the small‐n phase, thus yielding blue quasi‐2D perovskite films in a wide moisture range of 10–50% relative humidity. Then, air‐processed blue PeLEDs are successfully achieved for the first time, showing a brightness of 968 cd m−2, external quantum efficiency of 2.54% at stable peak emission of 483 nm, as well as an outstanding operating stability of 546 s at a peak brightness of 45 cd m−2, which are favorably competitive with PeLEDs fabricated in the glovebox. This work provides a guideline for air‐processed blue PeLEDs fabrication, which paves the way for air‐processed PeLEDs in further application of commercialization display.
Construction of Organic‐Rich Solid Electrolyte Interphase for Long‐Cycling Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Li Zheng , Li Yuan , Bi Chen‐Xi , Zhang Qian‐Kui , Hou Li‐Peng , Li Xi‐Yao , Ma Jin , Zhang Xue‐Qiang , Li Bo‐Quan , Wen Rui , Zhang Qiang
Published: July 2023

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries promise great potential as high‐energy‐density energy storage devices. However, the parasitic reactions between lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and Li metal anodes render limited cycling lifespan of Li–S batteries. Herein, an organic‐rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is constructed to inhibit the LiPS parasitic reactions and achieve long‐cycling Li–S batteries. Concretely, 1,3,5‐trioxane is introduced as a reactive co‐solvent that decomposes on Li anode surfaces and contributes organic components to the SEI. The as‐constructed organic‐rich SEI effectively inhibits the LiPS parasitic reactions and protects working Li metal anodes. Consequently, the cycling lifespan of Li–S coin cells with 50 µm Li anodes and 4.0 mg cm−2 sulfur cathodes is prolonged from 130 to 300 cycles by the organic‐rich SEI. Furthermore, the organic‐rich SEI enables a 3.0 Ah‐level Li–S pouch cell to achieve a high energy density of 400 Wh kg−1 and stable 26 cycles. This study affords an effective organic‐rich SEI to inhibit the LiPS parasitic reactions and inspires rational SEI design to achieve long‐cycling Li–S batteries.
Directed Neural Stem Cells Differentiation via Signal Communication with Ni–Zn Micromotors
Authors: Feng Ye , Gao Chao , Xie Dazhi , Liu Lu , Chen Bin , Liu Suyi , Yang Haihong , Gao Zhan , Wilson Daniela A. , Tu Yingfeng , Peng Fei
Published: July 2023

Neural stem cells (NSCs), with the capability of self‐renewal, differentiation, and environment modulation, are considered promising for stroke, brain injury therapy, and neuron regeneration. Activation of endogenous NSCs, is attracting increasing research enthusiasm, which avoids immune rejection and ethical issues of exogenous cell transplantation. Yet, how to induce directed growth and differentiation in situ remain a major challenge. In this study, a pure water‐driven Ni–Zn micromotor via a self‐established electric–chemical field is proposed. The micromotors can be magnetically guided and precisely approach target NSCs. Through the electric–chemical field, bioelectrical signal exchange and communication with endogenous NSCs are allowed, thus allowing for regulated proliferation and directed neuron differentiation in vivo. Therefore, the Ni–Zn micromotor provides a platform for controlling cell fate via a self‐established electrochemical field and targeted activation of endogenous NSCs.
Enhanced Ferroelectricity in Hf‐Based Ferroelectric Device with ZrO2 Regulating Layer
Authors: Liu Yongkai , Wang Tianyu , Li Zhenhai , Yu Jiajie , Meng Jialin , Xu Kangli , Liu Pei , Zhu Hao , Sun Qingqing , Zhang David Wei , Chen Lin
Published: July 2023

HfAlO film‐based ferroelectric memory is a strong contender for the next‐generation nonvolatile memories. However, the remanent polarization intensity of HfAlO films is small compared to other Hf‐based ferroelectric films at low annealing temperatures. In order to further improve the remnant polarization of the device, the ferroelectric memory with metal‐ferroelectric‐metal structure using ZrO2 as the regulating layer (RL) is designed and fabricated. Experimental results show that the device with the ZrO2 regulating layer exhibits triple enhancement, which may be due to the fact that ZrO2 RL has an effect on the enhancement of the ferroelectric phase. In addition, the device with ZrO2 regulating layer exhibits a superior ON/OFF conductance ratio, endurance, and retention characteristics, demonstrating potential for application to memory. This work provides an effective way to improve the ferroelectricity in HfAlO films at low annealing temperatures.
Achieving Material and Energy Dual Circulations of Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries via Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Zhang Baofeng , He Lixia , Zhang Ruolin , Yuan Wei , Wang Jing , Hu Yuexiao , Zhao Zhihao , Zhou Linglin , Wang Jie , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: July 2023

The electrification of transportation in the past few decades has sparked the retirement of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) which hinders sustainability derived from environmental impact and valuable elements loss through improper disposal. The challenges of recycling spent LIB are contamination, complicated processes, massive chemical/energy consumption, and secondary pollution. Here, a material and energy dual circulations method is proposed for a closed‐loop and sustainably recycling the components in spent LIBs. In the material circulation, the cathode, anode, and the accessories, like castings, aluminum‐plastic films, and binders, are recycled by electrochemical dual‐electrode recycling technology to regenerate LIBs and fabricate a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). In energy circulation, the fabricated TENG converts ambient wind energy into electricity to continuously power the material circulation by forming a self‐powered system. This system shows high element selectivity (Li, 99.7%; Ni, 96.1%; Co, 97.3%; and Mn, 97.2%), self‐powering, a simplified treating procedure, and high profit, which makes it feasible for commercial application.
Short‐term responses of soil carbon, nitrogen, and microbial biomass to cover crop mixtures and monocultures
Authors: de Souza Igor Alexandre , Daly Amanda B. , Schnecker Jörg , Warren Nicholas D. , Lobo Jr Adalfredo Rocha , Smith Richard G. , Brito Andre Fonseca , Grandy A. Stuart
Published: July 2023

Increasingly, cover crops are being adopted for the purpose of improving soil health, yet the timescale and magnitude by which living annual cover crops might modify soil chemical and biological aspects of soil health is not well understood. At the same time, there is growing interest among farmers in cover crop mixtures due to perceptions that species‐rich cover crop communities will enhance soil health relative to monocultures. In a field experiment in southeast New Hampshire, we investigated how groups of cover crops grown as monocultures and mixtures for specific seasonal niches (winter/spring, summer, and fall) influenced levels of soil nitrogen (N) and carbon (C), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and nitrogen (MBN). Soils were sampled at cover crop maturity (winter/spring group), and at seeding, mid‐season, and maturity (summer and fall groups). In the winter/spring group, average total soil N ranged from 0.192 to 0.215 mg g−1 dry soil; highest total soil C content was 2.66 mg g−1 dry soil; and average MBC ranged from 304.8 to 387.3 μg C g−1 dry soil. In the summer group soil MBC decreased from 909.5 μg C g−1 dry soil at mid‐season to 644.9 μg C g−1 dry soil at the end of the growth cycle. In the fall group MBC fell and rose over the season in the range of 236.0–808.3 μg C g−1 dry soil. We found little evidence that cover crops influenced soil C and N parameters during the cover crop growth period relative to a weedy control or that mixtures differed from monocultures. MBC and MBN were more influenced by seasonality than the composition or diversity of the cover crop stand.
Interhemispheric Structural Connectivity Underlies Motor Recovery after Stroke
Authors: Paul Theresa , Wiemer Valerie M. , Hensel Lukas , Cieslak Matthew , Tscherpel Caroline , Grefkes Christian , Grafton Scott T. , Fink Gereon R. , Volz Lukas J.
Published: July 2023

Objective

Although ample evidence highlights that the ipsilesional corticospinal tract (CST) plays a crucial role in motor recovery after stroke, studies on cortico‐cortical motor connections remain scarce and provide inconclusive results. Given their unique potential to serve as structural reserve enabling motor network reorganization, the question arises whether cortico‐cortical connections may facilitate motor control depending on CST damage.

Methods

Diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI) and a novel compartment‐wise analysis approach were used to quantify structural connectivity between bilateral cortical core motor regions in chronic stroke patients. Basal and complex motor control were differentially assessed.

Results

Both basal and complex motor performance were correlated with structural connectivity between bilateral premotor areas and ipsilesional primary motor cortex (M1) as well as interhemispheric M1 to M1 connectivity. Whereas complex motor skills depended on CST integrity, a strong association between M1 to M1 connectivity and basal motor control was observed independent of CST integrity especially in patients who underwent substantial motor recovery. Harnessing the informational wealth of cortico‐cortical connectivity facilitated the explanation of both basal and complex motor control.

Interpretation

We demonstrate for the first time that distinct aspects of cortical structural reserve enable basal and complex motor control after stroke. In particular, recovery of basal motor control may be supported via an alternative route through contralesional M1 and non‐crossing fibers of the contralesional CST. Our findings help to explain previous conflicting interpretations regarding the functional role of the contralesional M1 and highlight the potential of cortico‐cortical structural connectivity as a future biomarker for motor recovery post‐stroke. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:785–797
MXene‐Regulated Metal‐Oxide Interfaces with Modified Intermediate Configurations Realizing Nearly 100% CO2 Electrocatalytic Conversion
Authors: Hao Yanan , Hu Feng , Zhu Shangqian , Sun Yajie , Wang Hui , Wang Luqi , Wang Ying , Xue Jianjun , Liao Yen‐Fa , Shao Minhua , Peng Shengjie
Published: July 2023

Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction via renewable electricity provides a sustainable way to produce valued chemicals, while it suffers from low activity and selectivity. Herein, we constructed a novel catalyst with unique Ti3C2Tx MXene‐regulated Ag−ZnO interfaces, undercoordinated surface sites, as well as mesoporous nanostructures. The designed Ag−ZnO/Ti3C2Tx catalyst achieves an outstanding CO2 conversion performance of a nearly 100% CO Faraday efficiency with high partial current density of 22.59 mA cm−2 at −0.87 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. The electronic donation of Ag and up‐shifted d‐band center relative to Fermi level within MXene‐regulated Ag−ZnO interfaces contributes the high selectivity of CO. The CO2 conversion is highly correlated with the dominated linear‐bonded CO intermediate confirmed by in situ infrared spectroscopy. This work enlightens the rational design of unique metal‐oxide interfaces with the regulation of MXene for high‐performance electrocatalysis beyond CO2 reduction.
Group‐Transfer Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly (GTPISA) in Non‐polar Media: An Organocatalyzed Route to Block Copolymer Nanoparticles at Room Temperature
Authors: Stiti Assia , Cenacchi Pereira Ana Maria , Lecommandoux Sébastien , Taton Daniel
Published: July 2023

Polymerization‐induced self‐assembly (PISA) enables the synthesis at large scale of a wide variety of functional nanoparticles. However, a large number of works are related to controlled radical polymerization (CRP) methods and are generally undertaken at elevated temperatures (>50 °C). Here is the first report on methacrylate‐based nanoparticles fabricated by group transfer polymerization‐induced self‐assembly (GTPISA) in non‐polar media (n‐heptane). This GTPISA process is achieved at room temperature (RT) using 1‐methoxy‐1‐(trimethylsiloxy)‐2‐methylprop‐1‐ene (MTS) and tetrabutylammonium bis‐benzoate (TBABB) as initiator and organic catalyst, respectively. Under these conditions, well‐defined metal‐free and colorless diblock copolymers are produced with efficient crossover from the non‐polar stabilizing poly(lauryl methacrylate) (PLMA) block to the non‐soluble poly(benzyl methacrylate) (PBzMA) segment. The resulting PLMA‐b‐PBzMA block copolymers simultaneously self‐assemble into nanostructures of various sizes and morphologies. GTPISA in non‐polar solvent proceeds rapidly at RT and avoids the use of sulfur or halogenated compounds or metallic catalysts associated with the implementation of CRP methods, thus expanding the potential of PISA formulations for applications in non‐polar environments.
Robust Proton Conduction against Mechanical Stress in Flexible Free‐Standing Membrane Composed of Two‐Dimensional Coordination Polymer
Authors: Lu Jiangfeng , Yoshida Yukihiro , Kanamori Kazuyoshi , Kitagawa Hiroshi
Published: July 2023

Introduction of mechanical flexibility into proton‐conducting coordination polymers (CPs) is in high demand for future protonic applications such as fuel cells and hydrogen sensors. Although such mechanical properties have been primarily investigated in one‐dimensional (1D) CPs, in this study, we successfully fabricated highly flexible free‐standing CP membranes with a high surface‐to‐volume ratio, which is beneficial for enhanced performance in the aforementioned applications. We fabricated a layered CP, Cu2(NiTCPP) (H4(H2TCPP); 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(4‐carboxyphenyl) porphyrin), in which a two‐dimensional (2D) square grid sheet composed of tetradentate nickel porphyrins and paddlewheel‐type copper dimers was connected to each other by weak van der Waals forces. The mechanical flexibility was evaluated by bending and tensile tests. The flexural and Young's moduli of the membrane were significantly higher than those of conventional Nafion membranes. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis revealed that the in‐plane proton conductivity of the membrane was maintained even under applied bending stress. Because the X‐ray diffraction analysis indicates that the proton‐conducting pathway through the hydrogen bonding network remains intact during the bending operation, our present study provides a promising strategy for the fabrication of new and advanced 2D CPs without using substrates or additional polymers for protonic devices.
A Fluorogenic DNAzyme for A Thermally Stable Protein Biomarker from Fusobacterium nucleatum, a Human Bacterial Pathogen
Authors: Feng Qian , Zakaria Sandy , Morrison Devon , Tram Kha , Gu Jim , Salena Bruno J. , Li Yingfu
Published: July 2023

Fusobacterium nucleatum has been correlated to many poor human conditions including oral infections, adverse pregnancies and cancer, and thus molecular tools capable of detecting this human pathogen can be used to develop diagnostic tests for them. Using a new selection method targeting thermally stable proteins without a counter‐selection step, we derived an fluorogenic RNA‐cleaving DNAzyme, named RFD‐FN1, that can be activated by a thermally stable protein target that is unique to F. nucleatum subspecies. High thermal stability of protein targets is a very desirable attribute for DNAzyme‐based biosensing directly with biological samples because nucleases found inherently in these samples can be heat‐inactivated. We further demonstrate that RFD‐FN1 can function as a fluorescent sensor in both human saliva and human stool samples. The discovery of RFD‐FN1 paired with a highly thermal stable protein target presents opportunities for developing simpler diagnostic tests for this important pathogen.
Highly‐Active Chiral Organic Photovoltaic Catalysts with Suppressed Charge Recombination
Authors: Li Yawen , Zhang Zhenzhen , Li Tengfei , Liang Yuanxin , Si Wenqin , Lin Yuze
Published: July 2023

Recombination of free charges in organic semiconductors reduces the available photo‐induced charge‐carriers and restricts photovoltaic efficiency. In this work, the chiral organic semiconductors (Y6‐R and Y6‐S with enantiopure R‐ and S‐ chiral alkyl sidechains) are designed and synthesized, which show effective aggregation‐induced chirality through mainchain packing with chiral conformations in non‐centrosymmetric space groups with tilt chirality. Based on the analysis of spin‐injection, magnetic‐hysteresis loop, and thermodynamics and dynamics of the excited state, we suggest that the aggregation‐induced chirality can generate spin‐polarization, which suppresses charge recombination and offers more available charge‐carriers within Y6‐R and Y6‐S relative to the achiral counterpart (Y6). Then the chiral Y6‐R and Y6‐S show enhanced catalytic activity with optimal average hydrogen evolution rates of 205 and 217 mmol h−1 g−1, respectively, 60–70 % higher than Y6, when they are employed as nanoparticle photocatalysts in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution under simulated solar light, AM1.5G, 100 mW cm−2.
Nucleophilic Attack at Pentaarsaferrocene [Cp*Fe(η5‐As5)]—The Way to Larger Polyarsenide Ligands
Authors: Reichl Stephan , Riesinger Christoph , Scheer Manfred
Published: July 2023

By the reaction of [Cp*Fe(η5‐As5)] (I) (Cp*=C5Me5) with main group nucleophiles, unique functionalized products with η4‐coordinated polyarsenide (Asn) units (n=5, 6, 20) are obtained. With carbon‐based nucleophiles such as MeLi or KBn (Bn=CH2Ph), the anionic organo‐substituted polyarsenide complexes, [Li(2.2.2‐cryptand)][Cp*Fe(η4‐As5Me)] (1 a) and [K(2.2.2‐cryptand)][Cp*Fe{η4‐As5(CH2Ph)}] (1 b), are accessible. The use of KAsPh2 leads to a selective and controlled extension of the As5 unit and the formation of the monoanionic compound [K(2.2.2‐cryptand][Cp*Fe(η4‐As6Ph2)] (2). When I is reacted with [M]As(SiMe3)2 (M=Li ⋅ THF; K), the formation of the largest known anionic polyarsenide unit in [M′(2.2.2‐cryptand)]2[(Cp*Fe)4{μ5‐η4:η4:η3:η3:η1:η1‐As20}] (3) occurred (M′=Li (3 a), K (3 b)).
Novel hydrazone‐isatin derivatives as potential EGFR inhibitors: Synthesis and in vitro pharmacological profiling
Authors: Ahmed Marwa F. , El‐Haggar Radwan , Almalki Atiah H. , Abdullah Omeima , El Hassab Mahmoud A. , Masurier Nicolas , Hammad Sherif F.
Published: July 2023

Merging isatin and arylhydrazone moieties constitutes an efficient strategy to access new potential anticancer derivatives. Consequently, 14 hydrazone‐isatin derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against the NCI‐60 cancer cell line panel. A kinase assay demonstrated that compound VIIIb inhibited the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which was confirmed by docking studies, molecular dynamics, and binding free energy calculations. Further characterizations showed that this compound possesses drug‐likeness properties, showed a significant decrease of the cell population in the G2/M phase and led to a significant increase in early and late apoptosis, comparable to erlotinib. Also, VIIIb increased the expression of caspase‐3 and Bax and decreased the expression of Bcl‐2, confirming its potential as a new proapoptotic compound.
Time‐regularization event‐triggeredH∞control for switched linear systems with frequent asynchronism
Authors: Yu Yiman , Wang Yue‐E
Published: July 2023

This paper addresses the time‐regularization event‐triggered control problem for a class of continuous‐time switched systems with frequent asynchronism and external disturbances. In the system, both the system state and the switching information are transmitted to the controller only at the event‐triggered sampling instants, which may cause the occurrence of asynchronous switching behavior. To solve the problem, we first propose a time‐regularization event‐triggered mechanism, which not only avoids Zeno behavior efficaciously, but also allows the system to switch multiple times in the holding interval. Then, based on the time‐regularization event‐triggered mechanism, the error system is modeled as a sampled switched delay system with augmented switching signal. After that, sufficient conditions for the exponentially stability and weighted performance of the switched system under average dwell time are derived by constructing multiple switching Lyapunov functions. Finally, a circuit example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
New opportunities for astronomical imaging systems
Authors: Mackay Craig
Published: July 2023

This paper will look at two significant technological developments, one concerning the performance of optical and infrared detector systems, which are now capable of genuine photon counting performance, and secondly a new approach to tackling the problem of adaptive optics when only faint reference stars are available close to the target object.
Targeting adolescents as agents of change for an entomophageous future
Authors: Marquis D.
Published: July 2023

As food supply practices must adapt to the reality of limited natural resources, alternative solutions must be found to meet the dietary needs of a growing world population. Edible insect consumption represents a sustainable substitute to that of conventional meat. Psychological barriers are largely responsible for dictating Westerners’ aversion towards insect eating. As adolescents have been less exposed to socio‐cultural constructs and as their food habits are less entrenched, they might express a greater openness towards edible insect products. This study aims to assess the impact of exposure and familiarisation with edible insects on adolescents' attitudes towards entomophagy. Between February 2018 and January 2020, 662 students aged 15–16 years from a Canadian high school engaged in a pedagogical insect farming project during which they had the chance to learn about insects as a sustainable foodstuff, while being familiarised with insect farming methods. Three different student cohorts took part in this project. The first and second had the opportunity to raise crickets and the third mealworms. Relying on surveys distributed before and after these 3 month projects, time‐based and type‐based analyses regarding students’ initial attitudes towards edible insects and their evolution over the course of these activities were performed. Results showed that the project greatly enhanced their acceptance towards edible insect consumption, suggesting that the speed and impact of peer influence amongst adolescents could be leveraged in promotional efforts to accelerate the adoption of edible insects.
A comprehensive quality evaluation method of different medicinal parts of Physalis Calyx seu Fructus by fingerprints, chemometrics, antioxidant activity, network pharmacology and molecular docking
Authors: Liu Meiqi , Liu Guoqiang , Ma Zicheng , Wen Jin Li , Liu Yi , Sun Lili , Ren Xiaoliang
Published: July 2023

Physalis Calyx seu Fructus (PCF) is a herb widely used in China for its function of clearing heat and detoxifying, benefitting the pharynx and reducing phlegm, both in health care and in tea drinking. However, the quality of its fruit and calyx is uneven and the storage period is short. Therefore, it is crucial to develop other parts of PCF with longer storage periods and obvious medicinal effects. Firstly, high‐performance liquid chromatography was used to develop the fingerprint of different parts of PCF, and various chemometric analyses were conducted to screen out chemical markers. The calyxes of PCF were found to cluster together, distinct from the fruits, roots, stems and leaves. The active components of PCF were concentrated in the persistent calyxes, and flavonoids were mainly found in the persistent calyxes and leaves. Secondly, the extraction of persistent calyxes showed the strongest scavenging ability of DPPH and ABTS. Finally, the important chemical markers were verified by network pharmacological analysis and molecular docking. It provides a reference for the clinical application of PCF, and the obtained chemical markers offer a scientific basis for quality evaluation.
Selective and Sustainable Production of Sub‐terminal Hydroxy Fatty Acids by a Self‐Sufficient CYP102 Enzyme from Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens
Authors: Zong Li , Zhang Yan , Shao Zhengkang , Ljubic Anita , Jacobsen Charlotte , Gao Renjun , Eser Bekir Engin , Wang Yingwu , Guo Zheng
Published: July 2023

Enzymatic hydroxylation of fatty acids by Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) offers an eco‐friendly route to hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs), high‐value oleochemicals with various applications in materials industry and with potential as bioactive compounds. However, instability and poor regioselectivity of CYPs are their main drawbacks. A newly discovered self‐sufficient CYP102 enzyme, BAMF0695 from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DSM 7, exhibits preference for hydroxylation of sub‐terminal positions (ω‐1, ω‐2, and ω‐3) of fatty acids. Our studies show that BAMF0695 has a broad temperature optimum (over 70 % of maximal enzymatic activity retained between 20 to 50 °C) and is highly thermostable (T50 >50 °C), affording excellent adaptive compatibility for bioprocesses. We further demonstrate that BAMF0695 can utilize renewable microalgae lipid as a substrate feedstock for HFA production. Moreover, through extensive site‐directed and site‐saturation mutagenesis, we isolated variants with high regioselectivity, a rare property for CYPs that usually generate complex regioisomer mixtures. BAMF0695 mutants were able to generate a single HFA regiosiomer (ω‐1 or ω‐2) with selectivities from 75 % up to 91 %, using C12 to C18 fatty acids. Overall, our results demonstrate the potential of a recent CYP and its variants for sustainable and green production of high‐value HFAs.
Novel transcatheter intervention for iatrogenic cyanosis due to surgical rerouting of inferior vena cava to the left atrium
Authors: Sagar Pramod , Pavithran Sreeja , Sivakumar Kothandam
Published: July 2023

Improper identification of the atrial septal defect margins during surgery and inadvertent suturing of the surgical patch to the Eustachian valve of the inferior vena cava (IVC) results in the diversion of inferior venacaval blood to the left atrium causing cyanosis. This complication has been dealt so far with surgery. We report the planning and implementation of a novel transcatheter rediversion of the IVC to the right atrium using a covered stent.
Activity and Durability Patterns of 45 Binary Noble Metal Alloy Nanoparticle Variants for Commercial Diesel Exhaust Aftertreatment
Authors: Siebeneicher Simon , Reichenberger Sven , Hengst Christoph , Dornhaus Franz , Wittek Bernd , Barcikowski Stephan
Published: July 2023

Commercial diesel oxidation catalysis mainly uses monometallic and bimetallic Pt−Pd‐based catalysts, but alloying with different elements has rarely been done systematically under industrial testing conditions. 45 binary alloys made of platinum and a selected 1stand 2nd‐row transition metal, platinum group element, or coin metal were synthesized via a scalable laser synthesis method. Then, catalytic performance and durability were evaluated for one diesel oxidation and two ammonia‐slip environments. The results show the highest activity when the adsorption enthalpy of molecular oxygen of the alloy was similar to the value of Pt. Furthermore, the durability of the alloy catalysts was found to increase with the melting point of the 2ndelement Pt was alloyed with, even at molar fractions. Our results further indicate beneficial synergies beyond the binary systems underlining the possibility of further improvements by considering ternary or multinary alloys, which are accessible via laser synthesis.
Emergence of Ag as a Catalyst of Choice for Fluorination and Trifluoromethylation Reactions
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Goel Nikita , Bhagat Sunita
Published: July 2023

Carbon‐fluorine bond being highly polar in nature, its presence in pharmaceutically active molecules has huge impact on their chemical and physical properties. However, fluorine being highly electronegative and small in size, limits its nucleophilicity to the large extent; hence the incorporation of fluorine in the organic molecules is not an easy task. Due to this, demand for a suitable catalyst for fluorination reaction has been raised, which lowers the activation energy of these reactions and makes C−F/CF3 bond formation reaction kinetically more feasible. Silver being a late transition metal catalyst has been efficiently used to catalyze several reactions in the organic chemistry and has the substantial potential to catalyze the fluorination reactions. This Review shows the silver catalyzed fluorination and trifluoromethylation reactions for the synthesis of F/CF3 containing aromatic, aliphatic and heterocyclic compounds. All the sections have been elaborated using general discussion of the method, exploration of substrate scope, insight into the mechanistic studies and the shortcomings of the methods. After reading this Review article the readers can develop a detailed understanding of concept of silver metal catalyzed fluorination and trifluoromethylation reactions which can be explored for synthesizing molecules of biological interest.
Nanotechnology for High‐Performance Textiles: A Promising Frontier for Innovation
Authors: Syduzzaman Md. , Hassan Abir , Anik Habibur Rahman , Akter Mahin , Islam Md. Rashedul
Published: July 2023

Nanotechnology embodies a groundbreaking innovation for the textile and apparel industry, facilitating enhancements to the functionality and performance of textiles, including durability, resistance to water, odor, flame, stain, UV‐protection, and antimicrobial properties. Nanotechnology also enables biosensing, drug delivery, energy generation, and storage in textiles. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of the possibilities offered by nanotechnology in the context of high‐performance textiles providing a roadmap for future research and development in this exciting field. We scrutinize the current research on nanotechnology in textiles, exploring various types of nanomaterials and their properties, the methods of incorporating nanomaterials into textiles, and the numerous applications of high‐performance textiles across critical industries such as healthcare, military, sports, fashion, and wearable electronics. We conclude the review with an analysis of the potential health and environmental concerns arising from the use of nanotechnology in textiles, emphasizing the importance of further research in these areas.
Chemical characterization and biological abilities of Anthocleista djalonensis collected from two locations of Ivory Coast
Authors: Sinan Kouadio Ibrahime , Zengin Gokhan , Uba Abdullahi Ibrahim , Caprioli Giovanni , Angeloni Simone , Vittori Sauro , Jugreet Sharmeen , Etienne Ouattara Katinan , Shariati Mohamad Ali , Mahomoodally Mohamad Fawzi
Published: July 2023

In this study, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, HPLC‐DAD detected phytochemicals, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory potential of methanolic and aqueous (as infusion) extracts of the medicinal plant, Anthocleista djalonensis (leaf and stem bark) collected from two locations, Mafiblé and Prikro, in Ivory Coast, were investigated. The ranges of total phenolic and flavonoid contents obtained were 14.17–46.95 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g and 2.96–34.76 mg rutin equivalent (RE)/g, respectively. Antioxidant abilities in terms of radical scavenging, reducing and metal chelating activity of the extracts in different assays were as follows: DPPH (4.90–48.82 mg trolox equivalent [TE]/g), ABTS (21.05–81.89 mg TE/g), CUPRAC (29.54–122.33 mg TE/g), FRAP (17.53–94.06 mg TE/g) and metal chelating (10.09–28.49 mg EDTAE/g. The extracts of A. djalonensis collected from Mafiblé, especially those of stem bark, contained higher level of total bioactive contents compared to Prikro extracts, detected by high‐performance liquid chromatography with photodiode‐array detection (HPLC‐DAD). Only the methanolic extracts irrespective of plant parts/location, showed inhibition against acetylcholinesterase (1.42–2.12 mg galantamine equivalent (GALAE)/g), while only the stem bark methanolic extract of A. djalonensis from Mafiblé was found to inhibit butyrylcholinesterase (0.65 mg GALAE/g). Thus, findings from this study could be useful for better application of the medicinal benefits from this plant.
Interleukin‐1 blockade in heart failure: an on‐treatment and off‐treatment cardiorespiratory fitness analysis
Authors: Moroni Francesco , Golino Michele , Carbone Salvatore , Trankle Cory , Del Buono Marco Giuseppe , Talasaz Azita , Arena Ross , Canada Justin M. , Biondi‐Zoccai Giuseppe , Van Tassel Benjamin , Abbate Antonio
Published: July 2023

Aims

Interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) blockade may improve exercise capacity in patients with heart failure (HF) patients. The extent of the improvement and its persistence beyond discontinuation of IL‐1 blockade is unknown.

Methods and results

The primary objective was to determine changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiac function on‐treatment with IL‐1 blocker, anakinra, and off‐treatment, after treatment cessation. We performed cardiopulmonary exercise testing, Doppler echocardiography, and biomarkers in 73 patients with HF, 37 (51%) females, 52 (71%) Black–African–American, before and after treatment with anakinra 100 mg daily. In a subset of 46 patients, testing was also repeated after treatment cessation. Quality of life was assessed in each patient using standardized questionnaires. Data are presented as median and interquartile range. Treatment with anakinra for 4 [2–12] weeks was associated with a significant improvement in high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (from 6.2 [3.3–15.4] to 1.4 [0.8–3.4] mg/L, P < 0.001), peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak, from 13.9 [11.6–16.6] to 15.2 [12.9–17.4] mL/kg/min, P < 0.001). Ventilatory efficiency, exercise time, Doppler‐derived signs and biomarkers of elevated intracardiac pressures, and quality‐of‐life measures also improved with anakinra. In the 46 patients in whom off‐treatment data were available 12 [4–12] weeks later, many of the favourable changes seen with anakinra were largely reversed (from 1.5 [1.0–3.4] to 5.9 [1.8–13.1], P = 0.001 for C‐reactive protein, and from 16.2 [14.0–18.4] to 14.9 [11.5–17.8] mL/kg/min, P = 0.017, for VO2peak).

Conclusions

These data validate IL‐1 as an active and dynamic modulator of cardiac function and cardiorespiratory fitness in HF.
Chiral Organocatalysts in Enantioselective CO2 Utilization Reactions
Authors: Mori Taiki , Nishiyori Ryuichi , Sumida Sao , Furuya Yasuaki , Shirakawa Seiji
Published: July 2023

The development of efficient CO2 utilization reactions has gained a significant amount of attention in recent years. Although transformations of CO2 to produce basic chemicals have been extensively investigated, the development of catalytic enantioselective CO2 utilization reactions for the preparation of fine chemicals remains limited at this stage. Several excellent methods for catalytic enantioselective CO2 utilization using chiral metal complex catalysts have been reported. Many researchers have also focused on developing organocatalyzed approaches to enantioselective CO2 utilization, and several excellent examples have appeared in recent years. Herein, recent advances in catalytic enantioselective CO2 utilization reactions using chiral organocatalysts are reviewed to provide a forecast for organocatalyzed enantioselective CO2 utilization research.