bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Buhoneros' reggaetn: Emerging Venezuelan musical practices through mediations in the informal sociopolitical ecosystem
Authors: Borges-Rey Eddy L
Published: April 2011

The following article explores the musical practices and communicating mediations carried out in each stage of the music industry's value chain in Venezuela, in order to observe the way those mediations influence the actors involved, determining the elements that both interact and define
the Venezuelan's musical identity taking reggaetn (very broadly speaking, reggaetn is a Latinized derivative of Jamaican reggae, originating in Puerto Rico, via an interpretation of Panamanian reggae) as a case study. With this purpose, the research has used some empirical data and qualitative
techniques, such as participants' observation, interviews and netnography, as well as quantitative data obtained from the main statistical sources in the country. After establishing the state of the art, the study raises a number of questions to be discussed: (a) the features reaffirmed through
a transculturalization process mainly led by reggaetn in the Venezuelan's musical identity; (b) the creative uses the consumer has given to Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in order to participate in the new communicating dynamics on the Internet; and (c) the effects that
content appropriations, mainly encouraged by the habits of the new Internet user or Venezuelan informal commerce, are having in the country's music industry.
Doing epistemic (in)justice to Semenya
Authors: Amy-Chinn Dee
Published: April 2011

In August 2009, Caster Semenya won the women's 800 m event at the International Association of Athletics Federations World Championships in Berlin. This victory became a global news story not because Semenya was a newcomer to athletics who had outperformed an established field but because of the fact that before the race she had been asked to undergo tests to determine whether or not she was a woman. This article uses a hermeneutics of suspicion to argue that the controversy surrounding Semenya was based on a set of assumptions that, although incorrect, drew on hegemonic understandings of sex and gender that dominate the discourse of sport, and were adopted by the media without question. As a consequence, Semenya became the victim of what Miranda Fricker has termed epistemic injustice a condition that arises when individuals or experiences are marginalized as a result of the absence of concepts and language that would enable us to articulate reality differently.
The aesthetics of mythical violence in Hong Kong action films
Authors: Teo Stephen
Published: April 2011

Hong Kong cinema is known throughout the world for its action cinema, including martial arts films and gangster pictures that portray violence as an integral part of their appeal. This article examines the nature of violence in contemporary Hong Kong cinema, borrowing concepts from
Walter Benjamin's essay Critique of violence to define the violence in Hong Kong action films as mythical and aestheticized. The article analyses a body of films such as King Hu's classic A Touch of Zen (197071), John Woo's A Better Tomorrow (1987) and Johnnie To's Election
(2004) to support its thesis. The mythical violence portrayed in these films, it is argued, constructs a critique of violence. Furthermore, the films set up a wider framework of discourse about violence itself as a method of questioning social institutions and norms affecting gender.
Self-inflicted pain: Japanese cinema on the Pacific War
Authors: Khiun Liew Kai
Published: April 2011

With a sample of post-war Japanese films, this article explores the cinematic treatment of violence, trauma and memory experienced by Japan during the Pacific War. Avoiding the cardboard villains of Hollywood and Asian cinema, Japanese film-makers have sought to legitimize Japanese
people as victims of not just the mechanized violence of the twentieth century, but that of Japanese imperialism and the retributive justice of the victors in suppressing the lived memories of this period. A notable consistency of the films discussed here is a more self-reflexive internationalization
of the enemy. Rather than American bombers, the source of violence lies in the culture and policies of Japanese militarism personified in both the recklessly ruthless military planners and the brutish military police. As this article argues, the study of the reconstruction of the Pacific War
in Japanese cinema serves as a critical platform in providing a more holistic frame in understanding the politics of war, violence, trauma and memory arising from the Pacific War.
Violence and the supernatural in Singapore cinema
Authors: Tan Kenneth Paul
Published: April 2011

This article surveys the approach of two important film-makers to the experience of redevelopment projects and the spatial reconfigurations of the urban landscape in Singapore. Tan Pin Pin's documentary Moving House depicts the violent collision of modern development with traditional
rituals, showing the mass exhumation and transfer of graves to apartment-like style blocks to accommodate public housing construction. The ghosts of the dead return to such public housing estates in Eric Khoo's fiction film 12 Storeys (1997) to pass through the claustrophobic spaces
of alienation containing the struggles of upward mobility. In such examples, the supernatural and fantastic provide a violent reconstruction of the social memory of postcolonial Singapore.
The democratisation of party leadership selection: The Portuguese experience
Authors: Lisi Marco
Published: April 2011

In recent years, members of established political parties have received increased powers to select candidates and leaders. Several explanations have been advanced to account for this trend, focusing on the evolution of the political system, the characteristics of party systems or intra-party
dynamics. The aim of this article is to examine the introduction of democratising reforms for leadership selection in Portuguese parties. Despite the high degree of centralisation and the low levels of internal participation, all governing parties have expanded members' rights during the last
decade. The main findings suggest that party leaders have decided to change methods for leadership selection mainly for instrumental purposes in order to consolidate their internal power or gain electoral benefits. Moreover, this organisational transformation has had reduced effects on the
internal party functioning. Regardless of these similarities, the data show that there are important differences between parties with regard to levels of participation and internal competition.
Fighting the Cold War in southern Africa? East German military support to FRELIMO
Authors: Storkmann Klaus
Published: April 2011

This article focuses on the military assistance provided by the German Democratic Republic (GDR) to the Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO Frente de Libertao de Moambique), first during their struggle against the Portuguese colonial power and later during the war against the Mozambican
National Resistance Movement (Resistncia Nacional Moambicana) rebels. To date, the GDR's military commitment in southern Africa has been the topic of often unfounded speculation. The systemic secrecy of the GDR military made it easy for rumours to spread. This article seeks to contribute to
an academic reappraisal of this secret part of the GDR's history. It provides well-founded academic information based on original GDR documents that have been analysed for the first time. For 20 years the GDR's military provided solidarity assistance. East Berlin supplied weapons and military
equipment and also medical relief goods and food. Instead of sending troops or instructors to Mozambique, the GDR's army-trained Mozambican military personnel at schools in the GDR.
The construction of the image of immigrants and ethnic minorities in two Portuguese daily newspapers
Authors: Carvalho Margarida
Published: April 2011

This article summarises a research project in communication, culture and information technologies, the object of study being the construction of the image of immigrants and ethnic minorities in the Portuguese press. A comparative analysis between two newspapers - Pblico and Correio
da Manh - was conducted, with each newspaper representing a different kind of journalism: one viewed as serious, the other as popular. We found that while immigration and ethnicity phenomena are important realities of Portuguese society, they are still perceived as threats by the popular
press, while in the serious press we observed a greater interest in the social and political contextualisation of these phenomena and a more elaborate discourse.
Photography, landscape and the social production of space
Authors: Roberts John
Published: April 2011

This article examines recent practices of landscape photography in light of Henri Lefebvre's influential theorisation of the production of space. The abiding value of Lefebvre's analysis for our understanding of social geography and contemporary Capitalism is elaborated through discussion
of selected photographic works that, in different ways, each foreground the socio-hisotrically constructed character of space. This analysis enables the rearticulation of Lefebvre's influential analysis of space in light of later artistic practices and in relation to subsequent developments
in the form of Capitalism.
What is rhythm in relation to photography?
Authors: Stephens Tim
Published: April 2011

This article elaborates a theory of rhythm in relation to photography and, in particular, argues for the importance of rhythm in the theorization of photographic temporality. The approach taken breaks with a number of significant strands in contemporary photography theory, namely, Aristotelian-influenced
modes of formalist criticism, dualistic formulations of representation and definitions of photographic temporality based on its difference to cinema. Through an interrogation of definitions of rhythm, the article examines, first, a formalist heritage from Aristotle to Lessing and evident in
Greenberg that assumes a naturalistic definition of rhythm based on linearity, regularity and anthropomorphic essentialism. The second strand is described through Frye's anticipation of a different rhythm, lyricism, that problematically compounds the subject as an entity defined in a dualistic
paradigm. Against this background the article elaborates the possibilities inherent in Deleuze's notion of crystal time a rhythm of energetic intensity not dependent on linear temporality or subjectivism as a further, more credible, theorization of rhythmic temporality-as-texture.
No Credible Photographic Interest: Photography restrictions and surveillance in a time of terror
Authors: Palmer Daniel , Whyte Jessica
Published: April 2011

This article examines the consequences for the res publica of the simultaneous increase in state surveillance and the restriction of the right to take photographs in public ushered in by the War on Terror. We draw on Ariella Azoulay's theorization of what she terms the civil
contract of photography, or the possibility for non-state civic interaction allowed by the invention of the camera. While Michel Foucault's studies of the role of constant surveillance in disciplinary societies help us to understand our increasingly panoptical public spaces, Azoulay also draws
on Giorgio Agamben's theorization of the state of exception, which enables us to better understand the restriction of established rights, including the right to take photographs, in the post-9/11 context. The article asks whether these developments signify an attempt to monopolize the decision
as to who constitutes the citizenry of photography, and also considers artistic and political responses to surveillance and photography restrictions in Australia and the United Kingdom.
Recent PhD Abstracts
Authors: Calvert Sheena , Green Nigel
Published: April 2011

[Un]disciplined Gestures and [Un]common sense: The Sensual, Acoustic Logic[s] of Paradox and Art

Photography and the Representation of Modernist Architectural Space: From the Melancholy Fragment to the Colour of Utopia
America(n) abroad: The Third Man, international audiences and the Cold War
Authors: Killmeier Matthew
Published: April 2011

This article offers a cultural historical interpretation ofThe Third Man: The Lives of Harry Lime(195152), an internationally syndicated radio series based on the filmThe Third Man(Reed 1949). It argues that the series' cultural meanings can only be fully assessed through accounting for the programme's international framing or encoding, which critics have heretofore overlooked. As an internationally encoded series,The Third Manhas a high degree of interpretive openness in order to appeal to and resonate with heterogeneous audiences. The article examines the ways in which the series creates interpretive openness through its ambiguous characterization of the protagonist Harry Lime, use of Lime's American nationality, international settings and through drawing upon the Cold War for dramatic material. The series' international encoding, interpretive openness and period of broadcast during the Cold War ground interpretations of its cultural meanings. The article claims that the series offers critical perspectives on the Cold War through Lime's presentation as a metonym for the United States, and through plots that allegorically and satirically dramatize the Cold War milieu.
Researching developmental uses and formats of rural radio: A development broadcasting approach
Authors: Manyozo Linje
Published: April 2011

How should scholars approach the study of the developmental uses of rural radio? What is the theoretical framework within which to locate the study of rural radio formats employed as development communication? To answer these questions, this brief critique develops a theoretical matrix
to be used as an analytical framework for positioning any discussion of rural radio as a development communication pathway. Building on rural radio case studies from the world over, the discussion propounds three trajectories encompassing linear-external, shared-bottom up and self-bottom up
approaches, which formulate a matrix for understanding the use of rural radio in development.
A wartime radio Odyssey: Edward Sackville-West and Benjamin Britten's The Rescue (1943)
Authors: Wrigley Amanda
Published: April 2011

The Rescue, Edward Sackville-West's 1943 radio dramatization of part of Homer'sOdysseywith music by Benjamin Britten, appears to be the first substantial treatment of Homeric epic on BBC Radio, and also the most enduring (with six further productions to 1988). The Homeric epics are rich sources of material for radio dramatization: the poems offer much that is worth re-telling, with many dramatic episodes; furthermore, a great proportion of each poem is delivered in direct speech. But there is also a strong affinity between the ancient performance of Homeric epic and the modern radio play. Both tell of characters and events that the audience cannot see: ancient bard and modern radio practitioners (writers, composers, actors, etc.) must capture and hold the imagination of the audience without the aid of bodily impersonation.

This article considers two interrelated aspects of this particular radioOdyssey: first, how the collaboration of Sackville-West and Britten made a distinctive exploration of the dramatic potential of radio; second, how the close association of words and music suggest a reflective awareness ofThe Rescue's relationship with ancient epic performance, especially through the character of the bard Phemius. The narrative ofThe Rescueboth resonates with the contemporary international situation and argues for the humanizing potential of aesthetic experience: in the Epilogue, Phemius implores the (radio) audience to Forget the poem I made; but remember/The purer voice you hear behind my words, distilling a theme of the play which encourages characters and listeners to search for the meaning and value of things. Thus, the listener is encouraged not only to hear the story but also to listen to its meaning not simply hear the music, but listen to what it is saying. The article concludes with a consideration of the evidence in the Listener Research Report of how individual listeners actually engaged with and responded to the 1943 premire and later productions.
A dead baby and a scar, but [] no genitalia in sight. Is Bieito's Jenfa really a Bieito?
Authors: Bala Jorge
Published: April 2011

Catalan director Calixto Bieito is seen by many as the enfant terrible of opera, and his productions are known for their strong sexual content, onstage violence and radical updating of seminal works. This article, within the framework of Regietheater (director's theatre),
examines this director's signature style through the analysis of the Stuttgart State Opera's 2007 Jenfa by Janek, one of Bieito's least controversial productions. Through the analysis of recurrent dramaturgical and directorial choices and the production's relationship with the libretto,
this article questions the value of audience, media and theorists' expectations as identifiers of a director's output and contextualizes this production within Bieito's oeuvre.
Dionysian reflections upon A Chorus Line
Authors: Dunbar Zachary
Published: April 2011

For a landmark musical that shouted chorus from its glitzy heights, it is surprising that the subject of the chorus in Michael Bennett'sA Chorus Line(1975) has escaped formal scholarly appraisal. This article provides a critical contextualization of an iconic musical within the avant-garde theatre of its time and the underlying historical and cultural influence of the Nietzsche-based Dionysian paradigm on dance and Broadway. The paradigm a bivalent account of Dionysian and Apollonian principles contributed in American society to the Zeitgeist of personal liberation and also to the emblem of well-drilled chorus lines. In 1960s and 1970s America, group therapy methods and experimental theatre seized on Dionysus as both liberator and destroyer. The hierarchical power play that flowed between the leader/director and his chorus/ensemble, as well as in the dissolution of boundaries between audience and performer, was evidenced in both Bennett's processes and Richard Schechner'sDionysusin '69.
Concept meets narrative in Sondheim's Company: Metadrama as a method of analysis
Authors: Draper Natalie
Published: April 2011

Stephen Sondheim's Company is often considered to be one of the first concept musicals, moving in a different direction from the book musicals of creative teams such as Rodgers and Hammerstein. Using the analytical tool of metadrama, as defined by Richard Hornby, this article
asserts that the construction of Company combines aspects of a concept musical with a psychological narrative. The article focuses on the musical numbers themselves, while also examining the dramatic and metadramatic effects of staging decisions in the Sam Mendes production from the
Donmar Warehouse in 1995. Such an investigation of the musical's dramatic layers furthers an understanding of Sondheim's unique and innovative version of the concept musical a version that refuses to subjugate character development and emotional accessibility for conceptual didacticism.
Experts without expertise? Findings of a comparative study of American, British and German-language reviews of musicals by Stephen Sondheim and Andrew Lloyd Webber
Authors: Jubin Olaf
Published: April 2011

This essay sums up the findings of a content analysis of 1,824 theatre reviews of musicals by Stephen Sondheim and Andrew Lloyd Webber that were published between 1957 and 2002 in the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany and Austria.

The study examined the criteria reviewers
used and what they were looking for in a musical. The results suggest that instead of reviewing each work on its own terms based on its own aims and merits theatre critics in all countries are clearly influenced by three chief factors when it comes to what aspects of a show are described,
interpreted and judged: their own expectations, the journalistic tradition of reviewing in each respective country and the reputation of the artists involved with the production. In addition, in spite of the text-oriented training of most theatre critics, they tend to focus in their articles
on the composer and her/his music, although this is not their area of expertise or a field that they are likely to describe with eloquence or precision.
Engaging an icon: Caroline, or Change and the politics of representation
Authors: Thomas Aaron C
Published: April 2011

This essay discusses Tony Kushner and Jeanine Tesori's 2003 musical Caroline, or Change by examining the show as a continuation of the legacy of the USAmerican icon of the mammy. The essay discusses the main elements of the mammy as an icon and its legacy in literature, illuminating
ways in which the eponymous Caroline differs from and is similar to this enduring trope. Because one of the mammy's most significant characteristics is her motherhood of white children, the essay also discusses in detail motherhood as a theme in Kushner and Tesori's musical. It is this author's
contention that Kushner's critical engagement of the mammy trope revitalizes and reclaims this stereotype as a real historical force for political change.
What did Mamoo do? The Rouben Mamoulian papers and Oklahoma!
Authors: Jensen Kurt
Published: April 2011

A fuller picture of the achievements of director Rouben Mamoulian, and some previously unknown stories, emerge in the director's papers recently made available to the public at the Library of Congress in Washington, DC. Among their revelations, they show that if Warner Bros. had not
turned him down for a film, Mamoulian may have quickly bolted Oklahoma! and its wholesome legacy for another fat Hollywood pay check. If Mamoulian's own anecdotes sometimes get in the way of the truth, there is still much to be learned from his own hand, including the notations on his
Oklahoma! rehearsal script.
Andrew Lloyd Webber and the culture of narcissism
Authors: Siropoulos Vagelis
Published: April 2011

The aim of the article is to investigate the reasons for Lloyd Webber's vast popularity in postmodern culture. The overarching theoretical concept through which the composer's oeuvre will be analysed is the culture of narcissism, introduced by Christopher Lasch. His insights
will help us investigate the cultural forces that made possible the emergence of the megamusical, as exemplified in Lloyd Webber's two enormously successful collaborations with lyricist Tim Rice, Jesus Christ Superstar and Evita. The towering focal characters of these shows,
Jesus Christ and Eva Peron, will be read as powerful symbols of a declining counterculture and an exploding narcissistic culture. Particular attention will be paid to Lloyd Webber's creation of a pop-operatic sound that communicates in aural terms all the excess, grandeur and larger-than-life
emotions that Rice's universe of collapsing countercultural heroes and self-absorbed narcissistic goddesses generates. Finally, the development of the theme of narcissism will be traced in Lloyd Webber's shows that followed the termination of his collaboration with Rice.
Musicality as a paradigm for the theatre: a kind of manifesto
Authors: Roesner David
Published: April 2011

In a manifesto of ten theses the author aims to establish the notion of musicality as a paradigmatic principle in creating and perceiving theatre. He outlines how musicality can contribute to, enhance and change working processes in the theatre, be it in naturalistic productions or in a devising context. Key benefits from employing a musical frame of perception for both audiences and practitioners, he argues, are the heightened awareness of form, the productive liberation from the dominance of content and discursive meaning, the self-reflexivity and the potential for a politics of form and perception. The article draws particularly on examples of recent theatre productions from the European (and particularly German-speaking) context, for example by Heiner Goebbels, Michael Thalheimer, Ruedi Husermann or Sebastian Nbling, but the author plans to develop this necessarily restricted manifesto into a wider and historically more far-reaching project in the near future.
Introduction to Bruce Kirle Memorial Panel debut papers in music-theatre-dance
Authors: Sebesta Judith
Published: April 2011

In 2007, the distinguished scholar of musical theatre Bruce Kirle passed away unexpectedly. In tribute to his contribution to this field of scholarship, the Music-Theatre-Dance focus group of the Association for Theatre in Higher Education (ATHE) established a competition for new scholars
researching in the field. This is now the second season in which three prize-winning entries to this competition have been presented both as conference papers (at the 2010 ATHE conference in Los Angeles),and as written articles in Studies in Musical Theatre. Judith Sebesta, respondent
to the papers at the ATHE conference, introduces them in this short address.
The Riverdance phenomenon and the development of Irish identity in the global era
Authors: Farrell-Wortman Laura
Published: April 2011

Irish dance production Riverdance appeared on the global theatre scene in 1995, and has since become synonymous with Irish culture. Riverdance's influence as a cultural product for Ireland positioned step dance as a major cultural signifier of Ireland. Premiering during
the rise of Ireland's Celtic Tiger economy, the show revealed a nation in transition, establishing a new global identity to match their new economic prowess. Riverdance reimagined the economic and cultural possibility inherent in heritage products in the global market. This article
examines how this performance of national identity branded Ireland as a distinctive cultural product in the globalized marketplace of the mid-1990s. Riverdance is contextualized by defining Ireland's role within the larger economy of the European Union (EU) and the ways in which national
identity within a globalized perspective emerges during this period. The article also considers the ways in which the EU and European regionalism inform the performance of national identity.
Attention must be paid, cried the balladeer: The concept musical defined
Authors: Young-Gerber Christine
Published: April 2011

The concept musical, a fourth category of American musical theatre (following comedy, revue and the integrated musical), has been accepted as a legitimate category but never fully defined. This study examines the attributes of structure, theme, character and song that distinguish the concept musical category from the musical comedy, revue and integrated musical, and provides a concise definition. The analysis of representative concept musicals demonstrates the validity of the definition when applied to two shows,CompanyandA Chorus Line, and other concept musicals (beyond the 1970s) are identified.
Reviews
Authors: Burrows George , Chandler David , Miller Ray
Published: April 2011

Music Theory for Musical Theatre, John Bell and Steven R. Chicurel (2008) Lanham, Maryland: The Scarecrow Press Inc., xiii 117pp., ISBN: 978-0-8108-5901-2, Paperback, 24.95

The Japan of Pure Invention: Gilbert and Sullivan's The Mikado, Josephine Lee (2010)
Minneapolis and London: University of Minnesota Press, xxiv 248pp., ISBN: 978-0-8166-6579-2, Hardback, $75.00, ISBN: 978-0-8166-6580-8, Paperback, $25.00

Mainly on Directing: Gypsy, West Side Story, and other Musicals, Arthur Laurents (2009) New York: Alfred
A. Knopf, 176pp., ISBN: 978-0307270887, Hardback, $25.00
Rich voices in talky talkies: The Rich Are Always with Us
Authors: Shingler Martin
Published: April 2011

Darryl F. Zanuck produced The Rich Are Always with Us (Alfred E. Green, 1932) for Warner Bros. as a prestige star vehicle for Ruth Chatterton. Set among the New York high society, the picture features characters that, in addition to being wealthy, are clever, witty and well dressed,
i.e. the smart set. They are adept at delivering banter in crisp articulate voices, speaking rapidly to signify intelligence, youth and modernity. This ultra-modern film had all the hallmarks of a prestige picture: a major star, a literary adaptation, stylish sets and props, elegant and fashionable
costumes designed by Orry-Kelly, and some stunning cinematography by Ernest Haller. Nevertheless, it was shot quickly and cheaply, with a supporting cast made up largely of inexpensive contract players. As much as anything else, it was the rich voices of the cast that lent an air of distinction
to this production, exploiting the audience's desire to hear smart talk delivered in voices that were full toned, highly modulated, carefully enunciated and refined. While this is not the kind of film most historians consider typical of Warners in the 1930s considering the likes of The
Public Enemy (William Wellman, 1931), 42nd Street (Lloyd Bacon, 1931) and 20,000 Years in Sing Sing (Michael Curtiz, 1933) to be more representative this article reveals that there was a very different side to Warners' output during the early 1930s, one that sought to take
advantage of Broadway talent and create articulate movies for upmarket audiences. This article, moreover, suggests that rich voices in talky talkies were a significant part of Warners' production strategy during the early 1930s and that New York's chattering classes provided the perfect subject
for prestige talking pictures at this critical time of economic austerity.
With one eye on: Viewing a sound installation
Authors: Chung Lucia H
Published: April 2011

In recent years, the term sound installation has been created and deployed to describe a variety of interdisciplinary artwork that, in one way or another, involves the phenomenon of sound. Sometimes, we encounter a piece of sound installation that seeks to heighten our auditory experience
by removing any visual references.1 More often, we see a piece of sound installation that incorporates visual elements that may or may not have direct relationship to the sound itself. It can be listened to through headphones to create an intimate relationship with the viewer/listener.
Or it can be presented in a cacophonous manner that drives some viewers/listeners away whilst appealing to others.

In any case, there is always the role of space that hosts the existence of sound. The concept of space can be seen as one of the fundamental elements within the art of sight
and sound. Therefore, in this article, by reflecting upon my own practice, I will explore the concept of space within the structure of sound installation, and the interdependent relationship of elements of sight and sound by drawing upon the tradition of electro-acoustic music and installation
art.
An audio-visual Gallivant: Psychogeographical soundscapes in the films of Andrew Ktting
Authors: Mollaghan Aimee
Published: April 2011

Andrew Ktting is one of the most innovative film-makers working in Britain today, using his distinctive Punk multimedia aesthetic to circumvent not only the conventions of narrative cinema, but also the conventions of experimental film and fine art. One of Ktting's enduring concerns
is the psychogeographical use of landscape and soundscape as a catalyst for arresting and inventive investigations into memory and identity. Composer R. Murray Schafer uses the word soundscape to identify sound that describes an environment, actual or abstract, but always a sound
relevant to a place (Schafer 1994). The sounds of our environment have a powerful effect on our imaginations and memories and Ktting exploits this effect across his body of work. The use of the disembodied voice is another marked feature of Ktting's films, creating both implied narratives
and the evocation of memory. Ktting's bodiless voices have a schizophonic quality to them. Kotting rips sounds and voices from their sources and imbues them with an independent existence that is at liberty to emanate from anywhere in the landscape. This article investigates Ktting's
idiosyncratic creation of soundscapes as a filmic reproduction of the human psyche, exploring memory, identity and community through an interweaving of voice, music and environmental sound.
Review
Authors: Deutsch Stephen
Published: April 2011

A Book About Listening Brandon Labelle, Acoustic Territories: Sound Culture and Everyday Life (2010) London: Continuum Books (304 pp.), ISBN: 978-14411-6136-9, paperback: (14.99)
The use of dance music and the synergy of narrative vehicles in Run Lola Run
Authors: Hexel Vasco
Published: April 2011

Run Lola Run (Tom Tykwer, 1998) is unconventional on many levels. Its narrative structure, editing style and use of mixed media are highly ambitious. Director, writer and composer Tom Tykwer had a strong creative vision for the film and wanted to captivate and fully engage the viewer.
The underscore consists of prominently featured through-composed dance music. The chosen musical idiom is a pastiche of contemporary dance music, rock and pop, combining hypnotic techno beats with mainstream rock appeal. The cue Running One is analysed with regards to the correlation
of music and (non-)diegetic sound, as well as music and visuals. The article considers the effect of dance music on the listener, the chosen musical idiom is described as an ideal choice to have a high level of impact on the target audience. The synergetic relationship of the narrative vehicles
in Run Lola Run proves effective in attaining the dramatic expressiveness Tywker envisioned.
Surfing a political soundscape: Kathryn Bigelow's Point Break
Authors: Wilkins Heidi
Published: April 2011

In view of Bigelow's Oscar achievements in 2010 with her Iraq war filmThe Hurt Locker(which included awards for Best Sound and Best Sound Editing as well as Best Director), this article explores the subversive ways that Bigelow uses sound-track and sound effects within her movies through focusing on her 1991 film,Point Break. Through close examination of the use of sound in this surfer/buddy movie and building on previous scholarly comment that identifies the two political ideologies embodied by the two central characters, I analyse the ways in which sound is used to represent both the dominant world of FBI agent Johnny Utah (Keanu Reeves) and the subordinate world of surfer Bodhi (Patrick Swayze). I furthermore assert that the combination of soundtrack and the ambient sounds of water is used to create a soundscape that binds the two central characters, which is key in creating a homoerotic connection between them. I conclude by suggesting that the use of sound in the movie places the world of the subordinate ideology as a preferable existence to one within a dominant and restrictive ideology, which is underscored by the homoerotic relationship between the two central characters.
Service Quality and Export Performance of Business-to-Business Service Providers: The Role of Service Employee– and Customer-Oriented Quality Control Initiatives
Authors: Sichtmann Christina , von Selasinsky Maren , Diamantopoulos Adamantios
Published: April 2011

Using the facilities–transformation–usage framework of service provision and drawing from control theory, the authors develop a theoretical model that examines the influence of different quality control initiatives on relative service quality in a business-to-business setting and, consequently, on export performance. They explicitly consider quality control initiatives that address service employees’ performance and the customers’ coproduction as well as selected firm characteristics as antecedents of such initiatives. They test the proposed model on data drawn from an export survey of service providers. The results show that export customer–oriented training, customer coproduction instructions, and work process standardization have a positive influence on relative service quality, which in turn positively affects export performance. However, adaptation to export customers’ coproduction competence and motivation has a positive influence on relative service quality only when the customer integration in the service delivery is high. The authors conclude by considering implications for the management of the service delivery process in an export setting and identifying future research directions.
When Exporting Manufacturers Compete on the Basis of Service: Resources and Marketing Capabilities Driving Service Advantage and Performance
Authors: Kaleka Anna
Published: April 2011

Because services account for an increasingly large percentage of the gross domestic product globally, achieving competitive advantage in the international markets depends to a great extent on the level of service the firm offers to its customers. Focusing on exporting manufacturers, this study draws from the resource-based view of the firm to develop and test a model of those key resources and capabilities that drive service advantage in the overseas markets. The author finds that exporting experience nurtures customer relationships and informational capabilities, and availability of finance facilitates informational and product development capabilities and enables exporters to achieve service advantage and superior venture performance in the overseas markets.
Prior Relationships and Consumer Responses to Service Failures: A Cross-Cultural Study
Authors: Hui Michael K. , Ho Candy K.Y. , Wan Lisa C.
Published: April 2011

The authors examine the mitigating effect of an established trusting relationship between service providers and consumers on the consequences of service failures as a function of interdependent–independent self-construal. Two studies reveal that the effect of prior relationship, defined as the length of past patronage of a service provider, on consumer behavioral responses to service failure tends to be more pronounced among consumers with interdependent (vs. independent) self-construal. This variation in the mitigating effect of prior relationship can be attributed to the differential impact of trust in the service provider on the two groups of consumers. The authors conclude with a discussion of managerial implications.
Advertising Bans and the Substitutability of Online and Offline Advertising
Authors: Goldfarb Avi , Tucker Catherine
Published: April 2011

The authors examine whether the growth of the Internet has reduced the effectiveness of government regulation of advertising. They combine nonexperimental variation in local regulation of offline alcohol advertising with data from field tests that randomized exposure to online advertising for 275 different online advertising campaigns to 61,580 people. The results show that people are 8% less likely to say that they will purchase an alcoholic beverage in states that have alcohol advertising bans compared with states that do not. For consumers exposed to online advertising, this gap narrows to 3%. There are similar effects for four changes in local offline alcohol advertising restrictions when advertising effectiveness is observed both before and after the change. The effect of online advertising is disproportionately high for new products and for products with low awareness in places that have bans. This suggests that online advertising could reduce the effectiveness of attempts to regulate offline advertising channels because online advertising substitutes for (rather than complements) offline advertising.
Fatal (Fiscal) Attraction: Spendthrifts and Tightwads in Marriage
Authors: Rick Scott I. , Small Deborah A. , Finkel Eli J.
Published: April 2011

Although much research has found that “birds of a feather flock together,” the authors suggest that opposites tend to attract when it comes to certain spending tendencies; that is, tightwads, who generally spend less than they would ideally like to spend, and spendthrifts, who generally spend more than they would ideally like to spend, tend to marry each other, consistent with the notion that people are attracted to mates who possess characteristics dissimilar to those they deplore in themselves. Despite this complementary attraction, tightwad–spendthrift differences within a marriage predict conflict over finances, which in turn predicts diminished marital well-being. These relationships persist when controlling for important financial outcomes (household-level savings and credit card debt). These findings underscore the importance of studying the relationships among money, consumption, and happiness at an interpersonal level.
Consumer learning in a turbulent Market environment: Modeling Consumer Choice Dynamics after a Product-harm Crisis
Authors: Zhao Yi , Zhao Ying , Helsen Kristiaan
Published: April 2011

The authors empirically study consumer choice behavior in the wake of a product-harm crisis, which creates consumer uncertainty about product quality. They develop a model that explicitly incorporates the impact of such uncertainty on consumer behavior, assuming that consumers are uncertain about the mean product quality level and learn about product quality through the signals contained in use experience and the product-harm crisis and also that consumers are uncertain about the precision of the signals in conveying product quality and update their perception of this precision over time. They estimate this model using a scanner panel data set that includes consumer purchase history before, during, and after a product-harm crisis that affected Kraft Foods australia's peanut butter division in June 1996. The proposed model fits the data better than the standard consumer learning model, which assumes consumers are uncertain about product quality level but the precision of information in conveying product quality is known. This study also provides insights into consumers’ behavioral choice responses to a product-harm crisis. Finally, the authors conduct counterfactual experiments based on the estimation results and provide insights to managers on crisis management.
Recurring Goals and Learning: The Impact of Successful Reward Attainment on Purchase Behavior
Authors: Drèze Xavier , Nunes Joseph C.
Published: April 2011

The authors examine the impact of successfully attaining a goal on future effort directed at attaining the same goal. Using data from a major frequent-flier program, they demonstrate empirically how success contributes to an increase in effort exhibited in consecutive attempts to reach a goal. They replicate the effects in a laboratory study that shows that the impact of success is significant only when the goal is challenging. They also show how progress enhances perceptions of self-efficacy and how successfully completing the task provides an added boost, supporting the notion that self-learning is the principle mechanism driving their results.
Scope Insensitivity and the “Mere Token” Effect
Authors: Urminsky Oleg , Kivetz Ran
Published: April 2011

Decisions often involve trade-offs between a more normative option and a less normative but more tempting one. The authors propose that the intrapersonal conflict that is evoked by choices involving incompatible goals can be resolved through scope-insensitive justifications. The authors describe one such mechanism, the “mere token” effect, a new phenomenon in decision making. They demonstrate that adding a certain and immediate mere token amount to both options increases choices of the later-larger option in intertemporal choice and of the riskier-larger option in risky choice. The authors find this effect to be scope insensitive, such that the size of the token amount does not moderate the effect. They show that intrapersonal choice conflict underlies the mere token effect and that reducing the degree of conflict by increasing the psychological distance to the choice outcomes debiases the effect. Moreover, they show that the mere token effect is enhanced when (1) opposing goals in choice are made salient and (2) the choice options represent a starker contrast that generates greater conflict. The authors empirically rule out alternative explanations, including diminishing marginal utility, normative and descriptive utility-based models, liquidity constraints, and naive diversification. They discuss the direct implications of the mere token effect for the marketing of financial services and, more generally, for consumer preference toward bundles and multiattribute products.
How Asking “Who am I?” Affects what Consumers Buy: The Influence of Self-Discovery on Consumption
Authors: Wu Eugenia C. , Cutright Keisha M. , Fitzsimons Gavan J.
Published: April 2011

Are you type A or type B? An optimist or a pessimist? Intuitive or analytical? Consumers are motivated to learn about the self, but they may not always accept what they learn. This article explores how the desire for self-discovery leads people to seek but not necessarily accept the feedback they receive and the implications this has for consumption behavior. Specifically, this article examines the case of consumers who value being unconstrained: people with independent self-construals and those who have high levels of reactance motivation. The authors argue that these people often view self-knowledge as a constraint on the self and subsequently reject it—even when the self-knowledge has neutral or positive implications for self-esteem. Results across five studies demonstrate that independents and high reactants feel constrained by self-knowledge, and this causes them to reject and make consumption choices inconsistent with it even as they actively seek to learn about themselves. In contrast, interdependents and low reactants do not feel constrained by self-knowledge, and consequently, they accept and incorporate it into their consumption decisions.
Complicating Choice
Authors: Schrift Rom Y. , Netzer Oded , Kivetz Ran
Published: April 2011

A great deal of research in consumer decision making and social cognition has explored consumers’ attempts to simplify choices by bolstering their tentative choice candidate and/or denigrating the other alternatives. The current research investigates a diametrically opposed process, whereby consumers complicate their decisions. The authors demonstrate that to complicate their choices, consumers increase choice conflict by overweighting small disadvantages of superior alternatives, converging overall evaluations of alternatives, reversing preference ordering, and even choosing less preferred alternatives. Furthermore, the results from five studies support a unifying theoretical framework: the effort–compatibility principle. Specifically, the authors argue that consumers strive for compatibility between the effort they anticipate and the effort that they actually exert. When a decision seems more difficult than initially expected, a simplifying process ensues. However, when the decision seems easier to resolve than anticipated (e.g., when consumers face an important yet easy choice), consumers artificially increase their effort.
Conscious and Nonconscious Comparisons with Price Anchors: Effects on Willingness to Pay for Related and Unrelated Products
Authors: Adaval Rashmi , Wyer Robert S.
Published: April 2011

Exposing consumers to extreme prices can influence the price they are willing to pay for both related and unrelated products. Drawing on previous theories of anchoring and adjustment and selective accessibility of judgment-relevant knowledge, the authors provide an account of both asymmetries in the impact of price anchors across product categories and contingencies in the occurrence of these asymmetries. Four studies show the deliberate consideration of price anchors that can play a key role in whether the effect of the anchors will generalize across product categories. Specifically, an explicit comparison of a product to a price anchor increases the accessibility of features that represent a product available at this price. In turn, these thoughts influence the price that consumers are willing to pay for these products. In the absence of this deliberation, however, anchors influence both related and unrelated products, provided no other cognitive activity occurs in the interim.