bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of organisational commitment on employees’ work-related use of online social networks
Authors: Olfat Mohammad , Rezvani Azadeh , Khosravi Pouria , Shokouhyar Sajjad , Sedaghat Atieh
Published: October 2019

Purpose

Although online social networks (SNs) (e.g. Facebook, LinkedIn and Instagram) have been used by employees for various work- or non-work-related motives, there has been lack of research on the use of such networks in the workplace. The purpose of this paper is to draw on commitment theory and the tricomponent attitude model to explain the role organisational commitment plays in predicting the work-related use of online SNs and the mediating role a constructive employee voice may have in this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

The research was conducted among the employees of seven different companies within seven different industries. The validity of the measures and structural models was evaluated using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM).

Findings

The results indicated that organisational commitment promotes employees’ work-related use of online SNs directly and also indirectly via the mediating role of a constructive voice.

Originality/value

This study is among the few studies which have used the tricomponent attitude model to investigate employees’ behaviour in the workplace, in particular work-related use of online SNs. In terms of theory, this study contributes to expanding the boundaries of knowledge as SNs are considered a challenge in contemporary organisations. Organisations can convert this challenge from a potential threat to an actual opportunity by reinforcing “organisational commitment”.
Family support, school-age and workplace bullying for LGB people
Authors: Sidiropoulou Katerina , Drydakis Nick , Harvey Benjamin , Paraskevopoulou Anna
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine associations between: family support during the school-age period, and school-age bullying (short-term associations); and family support during the school-age period and workplace bullying (long-term associations) for lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) adults in Britain.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors employ retrospective questions regarding family support for LGB children and school-age bullying and questions regarding workplace bullying in the respondents’ present jobs. A 2016 data set was utilized which was created by attending events during the UK LGBT History Month.

Findings

The empirical investigation demonstrates that supportive family environments toward LGB children reduce both school-age and workplace bullying.

Practical implications

Given the increasing number of people self-identifying as LGB, the significant percentages of school and workplace bullying incidents and the corresponding negative effects on people’s lives, it is important to examine the benefits of family support with regards to reducing school and workplace victimization. This study also reports that family support could have an enduring influence on the experiences of LGB children and adults.

Originality/value

No known research has considered the possible developmental benefits of family support on reducing future workplace bullying for LGB children. In addition, this might be the first study which simultaneously examines family support toward LGB children, school-age and workplace bullying.
Green human resource management: a comprehensive review and future research agenda
Authors: Pham Nhat Tan , Hoang Hung Trong , Phan Quyen Phu Thi
Published: October 2019

Purpose

Green human resource management (GHRM), seen as a current research trend, plays an important role in organizations’ sustainable development strategies. However, there is still a research gap in the systematization and integration of the available GHRM-related knowledge to suggest detailed future directions. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to conduct a systematic literature review on GHRM aimed at proposing detailed research gaps and agendas for future study.

Design/methodology/approach

First, this work reviews 74 articles, including 61 research/empirical articles and 13 review articles, linked with the GHRM field from the Scopus and Web of Science databases. These publications are then coded and classified into ten categories before the main findings linked with GHRM knowledge are identified. Last, the study addresses existing research gaps and proposes detailed recommendations and a research framework for further studies.

Findings

Analysis of the relevant literature is presented in the following main sections: an overview that illustrates the existing findings related to GHRM coded and classified; a description that stresses research gaps and proposes in detail 16 recommendations; and a research framework that focuses on GHRM for a future research agenda.

Originality/value

This review is important for researchers orient the research in GHRM by identifying research gaps and providing detailed recommendations. It is the first work that proposes a full research framework for future studies, especially suggestions of development related to green behavior outside of organizations, the circular economy, and technology based perspectives/Industry 4.0.
A reconfigurable multi-mode walking-rolling robot based on motor time-sharing control
Authors: Liu Xiangyu , Zhang Chunyan , Ni Cong , Lu Chenhui
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to put forward a nvew reconfigurable multi-mode walking-rolling robot based on the single-loop closed-chain four-bar mechanism, and the robot can be changed to different modes according to the terrain.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the topological analysis, singularity analysis, feasibility analysis, gait analysis and the motion strategy based on motor time-sharing control, the paper theoretically verified that the robot can switch between the four motion modes.

Findings

The robot integrates four-bar walking, self-deforming and four-bar and six-bar rolling modes. A series of simulation and prototype experiment results are presented to verify the feasibility of multiple motion modes of the robot.

Originality/value

The work presented in this paper provides a good theoretical basis for further exploration of multiple mode mobile robots. It is an attempt to design the multi-mode mobile robot based on single loop kinematotropic mechanisms. It is also a kind of exploration of the new unknown movement law.
Ever after: a price story – afterlife belief salience’s effect on willingness to pay
Authors: Xu Huimin , Leung Ada
Published: October 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to advance understanding regarding a particular religious belief and buying behavior.

Design/methodology/approach

Two online experiments were conducted among diverse respondents. Study 1 used a one-way, between-subjects design with three conditions: afterlife salience, control and mortality salience. The dependent measure was built on the notion of first-price sealed-bid auction. Study 2 used a similar procedure with two conditions: afterlife salience and control. Mortality was made salient in both conditions.

Findings

Making afterlife salient boosted the willingness to pay. This effect did not result from mortality salience, which suggests that this research is a unique contribution beyond works rooted in Terror Management Theory. This effect was mediated through positive product thoughts.

Originality/value

There has long been an imbalance between theoretical speculation concerning religion and cognition and actual empirical documentation. The present research adds to the emerging body of empirical investigations into this relation. It contributes to the conceptual richness of the stream of literature by examining one aspect of religiosity that has rarely been studied: the belief in afterlife. In addition, the findings go beyond correlational patterns toward discovering nonobvious cause and effect. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this research is one of the few works that experimentally manipulate the notion of afterlife belief. This research also extends the understanding of pricing and willingness to pay by identifying a subtle environmental influence not recognized before.
Healthy lifestyle and food waste behavior
Authors: Savelli Elisabetta , Francioni Barbara , Curina Ilaria
Published: October 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to address the food waste phenomenon by investigating the relationship between healthy lifestyle and food waste intensity and by considering the mediating role of food waste preventing behavior on such a relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on an online survey of 1,941 UK millennial consumers, the research hypotheses were tested using the PLS-PM approach to structural equation model.

Findings

The results reveal that both the consumption of healthy food and the habit of eating at home enhance food waste reduction. Moreover, the findings corroborate the mediating effect of the food waste preventing behavior on the relationship between a healthy lifestyle and food waste intensity, thus underlying its role as an effective mechanism able to improve the influence of healthy lifestyle dimensions on food waste intensity.

Practical implications

The paper offers three levels of practical implications directed to public institutions, private manufacturers and retailers.

Social implications

The study underlines the key relevance of ad hoc educational programs aimed at improving the overall awareness of young consumers about food waste damages, by specifically identifying the main features on which these programs should focus.

Originality/value

This paper adds knowledge by helping to explain how and why a healthier lifestyle could translate into food waste reduction. Moreover, the study offers a comprehensive understanding of preventing behavior by proposing a rich overview of strategies to adopt to avoid food waste.
Industry 4.0 and Lean Manufacturing
Authors: Pagliosa Marcos , Tortorella Guilherme , Ferreira Joao Carlos Espindola
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to aim at identifying the relationships between Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies and Lean Manufacturing (LM) practices.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic literature review was conducted, in which 93 studies were analyzed according to their content and contextualization level.

Findings

In total, 9 I4.0 technologies and 14 LM practices were identified and categorized according to different levels of both value stream application and synergy. From the 126 pairwise relationships, 24 were classified as being of high synergy (e.g. relationship between Cyber-Physical Systems and value stream mapping), revealing the existence of a positive interaction between LPs and I4.0 technologies toward the achievement of a higher operational performance. Further, three future research opportunities were suggested: to validate the proposed synergies among LPs and I4.0 technologies; to distinguish the effects of relationships on all levels of flow; and to examine the effect of such relationships on operational performance.

Originality/value

With the emergence of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the specificities on the relationship between LM and I4.0 still need further investigation. This paper provides a better understanding of existing literature related to I4.0, LM, and their relationship, as well as pointing out research gaps to encourage future works.
Dynamic vehicle routing problem considering simultaneous dual services in the last mile delivery
Authors: He Yandong , Wang Xu , Zhou Fuli , Lin Yun
Published: October 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to study the vehicle routing problem with dynamic customers considering dual service (including home delivery [HD] and customer pickup [CP]) in the last mile delivery in which three decisions have to be made: determine routes that lie along the HD points and CP facilities; optimize routes in real time, which mode is better between simultaneous dual service (SDS, HD points and CP facilities are served simultaneously by the same vehicle); and respective dual service (RDS, HD points and CP facilities are served by different vehicles)?

Design/methodology/approach

This paper establishes a mixed integer linear programing model for the dynamic vehicle routing problem considering simultaneous dual services (DVRP-SDS). To increase the practical usefulness and solve large instances, the authors designed a two-phase matheuristic including construction-improvement heuristics to solve the deterministic model and dynamic programing to adjust routes to dynamic customers.

Findings

The computational experiments show that the CP facilities offer greater flexibility for adjusting routes to dynamic customers and that the SDS delivery system outperforms the RDS delivery system in terms of cost and number of vehicles used.

Practical implications

The results provide managerial insights for express enterprises from the perspective of operation research to make decisions.

Originality/value

This paper is among the first papers to study the DVRP-SDS. Moreover, this paper guides the managers to select better delivery mode in the last mile delivery.
Impact of urban regeneration on commercial property values in Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Ekemode Benjamin Gbolahan
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to assess the effect of urban regeneration and renewal activities initiated by the Osun State Government in Nigeria on the rental values of commercial properties in Osogbo, the state capital between 2008, before the urban renewal programme through 2017, after the urban renewal programme had been completed.

Design/methodology/approach

Primary data utilised for this study were collected from all the Estate Surveying and Valuation firms involved in the formal management of commercial properties in Osogbo, Osun-State, Nigeria. Information on the types of urban infrastructure renewed and rental values of 63 commercial properties from 2008 to 2017 were obtained from the sampled estate surveying and valuation firms practicing in the study area. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance and Duncan post hoc test.

Findings

The findings showed that physical urban infrastructure such as roads, drainages, water supply and wastes disposal have been upgraded in the study area. Also, the study established that the urban regeneration programme had significant impact on the rental values of commercial properties in Osogbo, arising from the statistically significant difference (F(7, 600) = 22.264, p<0.000) between and within annual rental values of commercial properties in the study area. The annual rental values of the commercial properties also exhibited considerable variation based on the Duncan post hoc test.

Practical implications

The findings from this study indicate that urban regeneration programme by the Osun state Government has significantly increased the investment performance of commercial properties in the study area. Hence, while investors could achieve higher returns on investment by venturing into commercial property investment, revenue could also be generated for government through the collection of property taxes in the study area.

Originality/value

This study is one of the few studies that have analysed the effect of urban regeneration programme on commercial property values from the perspective of an emerging African economy, using data from Osun State, Nigeria.
Supports/Surfaces, Scission, and the Structure of the Avant‐Garde
Authors: Nykolak Jenevive
Published: October 2019

In the aftermath of the events of May–June 1968, collectivity itself became an urgent problem, one that was worked out within the unlikely precincts of painting. Despite its apparent obsolescence and association with individualism, painting became an important arena in which artists struggled for – and with – collectivity. Supports/Surfaces, a group of artists active in France between 1970 and 1972, registered this broad crisis in collectivity, embodying the Maoist militancy of the early 1970s through endless splits and scissions. This essay traces the structure of what is here termed the ‘group‐form’ of the avant‐garde, both within the impersonal approach to painting adopted by Supports/Surfaces and in terms of the performative, mediated public posture by which it telegraphed and narrated its association. It is argued that attending to the specificities of the group‐form illuminates the parallel theorization of the intersection of art and politics under the sign of the avant‐garde during these years.
The promise of behavioral economics for understanding decision‐making in the court
Authors: Wilson Theodore
Published: October 2019

Research Summary

Decision‐making scholars often limit their purview to the decision to offend, whereas sentencing scholars focus on court case processing within administrative data sets. What is missing between these two camps is an incorporation of the sanctioning process into offender decision‐making and an integration of relevant findings from offender decision‐making and behavioral economics into courtroom actor decision‐making. In this article, I highlight several specific concepts from behavioral economics that can be applied to the court and interpret existing sentencing research in light of these same behavioral economic concepts.

Policy Implications

I also discuss how sentencing scholarship can be integrated into offender decision‐making research, further bridging the two domains. I conclude with discussions of policy adaptations based on current and future research expanding into these proposed areas.
The demographics of persistent opioid consumption following limb amputation
Authors: Steen Talora , Lirk Philipp B. , Sigurdsson Martin I.
Published: October 2019

Background

Patients who have limb amputation are at risk of chronic pain, including phantom limb pain that can be challenging to treat. The aim of this study was to describe the incidence of pre‐operative opioid usage and the incidence and risk factors for new persistent post‐operative opioid usage in opioid‐naïve patients after limb amputation.

Methods

A retrospective study of all patients 18 years and older underwent upper or lower extremity amputations in Landspitali University Hospital between 2005 and 2015. Patients were considered to use opioids pre‐operatively if they filled an opioid prescription 1‐6 months prior to amputation and were considered to have persistent opioid use if opioid prescriptions were filled between post‐operative months four to twenty‐four. In addition to incidence estimate, uni‐ and multivariate analysis was performed to identify risk factors for persistent post‐operative opioid usage.

Results

Of 328 total patients, 216 (66%) were opioid naïve and 112 (34%) were chronic opioid users. Of the opioid‐naïve patients surviving more than 3 months 40 (20%) developed persistent post‐operative opioid usage. In multivariate analysis, factors independently associated with persistent post‐operative opioid usage were younger age, male gender, pre‐operative use of neuropathic medications or benzodiazepines and lower (opposed to upper) extremity amputation.

Conclusion

Opioid naïve patients undergoing major amputation had a 20% chance of having a persistent opioid requirement following surgery. This could represent new‐onset phantom limb pain or other chronic pain. Our findings should encourage perioperative multimodal efforts to reduce the burden of chronic pain after limb amputations.
Intubation rate, duration of noninvasive ventilation and mortality after noninvasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NIV‐NAVA)
Authors: Hansen Kristina K. , Jensen Hanne I. , Andersen Torben S. , Christiansen Christian F.
Published: October 2019

Background

Asynchrony is a common problem in patients treated with noninvasive ventilation (NIV). Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) has shown to improve patient‐ventilator interaction. However, it is unknown whether NIV‐NAVA improves outcomes compared to noninvasive pressure support (NIV‐PS).

Methods

This observational cohort study included patients 18 years or older receiving noninvasive ventilation using an oro‐nasal face mask for more than 2 hours in a Danish ICU. The study included a NIV‐NAVA cohort (year 2013‐2015) and two comparison cohorts: (a) a historical NIV‐PS cohort (year 2011‐2012) before the implementation of NIV‐NAVA at the ICU in 2013, and (b) a concurrent NIV‐PS cohort (year 2013‐2015). Outcomes of NIV‐NAVA (intubation rate, duration of NIV and 90‐day mortality) were assessed and compared using multivariable linear and logistic regression adjusted for relevant confounders.

Results

The study included 427 patients (91 in the NIV‐NAVA, 134 in the historic NIV‐PS and 202 in the concurrent NIV‐PS cohort). Patients treated with NIV‐NAVA did not have improved outcome after adjustment for measured confounders. Actually, there were statistically imprecise higher odds for intubation in NIV‐NAVA patients compared with both the historical [OR 1.48, CI (0.74‐2.97)] and the concurrent NIV‐PS cohort [OR 1.67, CI (0.87‐3.19)]. NIV‐NAVA might also have a longer length of NIV [63%, CI (19%‐125%)] and [139%, CI (80%‐213%)], and might have a higher 90‐day mortality [OR 1.24, CI (0.69‐2.25)] and [OR 1.39, CI (0.81‐2.39)]. Residual confounding cannot be excluded.

Conclusion

This present study found no improved clinical outcomes in patients treated with NIV‐NAVA compared to NIV‐PS.
The Psychopharmacology Algorithm Project at the Harvard South Shore Program: An update on bipolar depression
Authors: Wang Dana , Osser David N.
Published: October 2019

Background

The Psychopharmacology Algorithm Project at the Harvard South Shore Program (PAPHSS) published algorithms for bipolar depression in 1999 and 2010. Developments over the past 9 years suggest that another update is needed.

Methods

The 2010 algorithm and associated references were reevaluated. A literature search was conducted on PubMed for recent studies and review articles to see what changes in the recommendations were justified. Exceptions to the main algorithm for special patient populations, including those with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), substance use disorders, anxiety disorders, and women of childbearing potential, and those with common medical comorbidities were considered.

Results

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is still the first‐line option for patients in need of urgent treatment. Five medications are recommended for early usage in acute bipolar depression, singly or in combinations when monotherapy fails, the order to be determined by considerations such as side effect vulnerability and patient preference. The five are lamotrigine, lurasidone, lithium, quetiapine, and cariprazine. After trials of these, possible options include antidepressants (bupropion and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are preferred) or valproate (very small evidence‐base). In bipolar II depression, the support for antidepressants is a little stronger but depression with mixed features and rapid cycling would usually lead to further postponement of antidepressants. Olanzapine+fluoxetine, though Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for bipolar depression, is not considered until beyond this point, due to metabolic side effects. The algorithm concludes with a table of other possible treatments that have some evidence.

Conclusions

This revision incorporates the latest FDA‐approved treatments (lurasidone and cariprazine) and important new studies and organizes the evidence systematically.
Identification of essential exported Plasmodium falciparum protein kinases in malaria‐infected red blood cells
Authors: Siddiqui Ghizal , Proellochs Nicholas I. , Cooke Brian M.
Published: October 2019

FIKK kinases in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum are attractive targets for new anti‐malaria drugs, as they have no orthologues in humans and have been linked to disease severity. Six FIKKs are known to be exported into red blood cells (RBCs) where they mediate dramatic structural and functional changes to RBCs that are central to pathogenesis. Eleven members of this family, which are predicted to be exported into infected RBCs (iRBCs), remain uncharacterised. Using a targeted gene‐knockout approach, we have characterised these FIKKs and discovered that five are essential for parasite survival. Three of these five FIKKs (FIKK9.1, FIKK10.1, FIKK10.2) were exported from the parasite into iRBCs and for two of these (FIKK9.1 and FIKK10.1), export was via Maurer’s clefts (parasite‐derived structures involved in protein trafficking and pathognomonic of falciparum malaria). Of the remaining two essential kinases, FIKK3 was associated with rhoptries (specialised protein secretory organelles in the parasite) and FIKK9.5 was localised in the parasite nucleus. The diverse localisation and essentiality of these FIKKs demonstrate that they play different but essential roles in the survival of P. falciparum in RBCs and therefore are attractive new drug targets for the prevention or treatment of falciparum malaria.
Exploring young people’s experiences and perceptions of mental health and well‐being using photography
Authors: Charles Ashleigh , Felton Anne
Published: October 2019

Introduction

The mental health of young people is a major global public health concern. A shift in focus towards children and young people’s mental health in the UK has emphasized young people’s voices, as of paramount importance in shaping the path for future quality care provision. The paper examines a study that aimed to explore young people’s perceptions of mental health and well‐being using photographs.

Method

The methodology employed for this study placed young people at the centre of the research process by using photographs to capture their experiences. Ten young people who attended a youth group used disposable cameras to take photographs of their experiences and perceptions of mental health and well‐being. Semi‐structured interviews with the young people elicited their narratives behind the images. Data were analysed using photo‐elicitation and thematic analysis.

Findings

Young people’s experiences of mental health and well‐being were internalized and located predominantly in the private and hidden regions of their everyday lives. Stigma, social isolation and marginalization were prevalent whilst spirituality and connection with the environment expressed hope.

Conclusion

Mental health appears to be firmly located in the private ‘back regions’ of young individuals’ lives, demonstrating that young people conceptualize these experiences as a vulnerable and hidden part of their being. Understanding the needs of this new generation of youth including the prevalence of stigma, risk of isolation and social exclusion are paramount. Future service provision needs to recognize the extent stigma impacts upon young people’s experiences of mental health and well‐being.
Resistance of soil biota and plant growth to disturbance increases with plant diversity
Authors: Bennett Jonathan A. , Koch Alexander M. , Forsythe Jennifer , Johnson Nancy C. , Tilman David , Klironomos John
Published: October 2019

Plant diversity is critical to the functioning of ecosystems, potentially mediated in part by interactions with soil biota. Here, we characterised multiple groups of soil biota across a plant diversity gradient in a long‐term experiment. We then subjected soil samples taken along this gradient to drought, freezing and a mechanical disturbance to test how plant diversity affects the responses of soil biota and growth of a focal plant to these disturbances. High plant diversity resulted in soils that were dominated by fungi and associated soil biota, including increased arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and reduced plant‐feeding nematodes. Disturbance effects on the soil biota were reduced when plant diversity was high, resulting in higher growth of the focal plant in all but the frozen soils. These results highlight the importance of plant diversity for soil communities and their resistance to disturbance, with potential feedback effects on plant productivity.
Beyond the cluster: A case study of pipelines and buzz in the glocal relational space of the glove‐related industry of Shikoku, Japan
Authors: Taira Atsushi
Published: October 2019

Unlike a limited number of success stories of industrial clusters such as Silicon Valley and the Third Italy, many local industrial clusters in advanced economies are shrinking due to severe international competition. Some firms, however, continue to be resilient even in struggling clusters. This paper argues that managing a balanced web of trust‐based “pipelines” and “buzz” in the glocal relational space – balancing detachment and embeddedness – plays a crucial part in the success of these firms. In recent decades, economic geography has had a significant focus on intra‐ and inter‐firm pipelines and buzz inside and outside the cluster. Theoretical debates on the topic have flourished. However, empirical case studies, particularly from Japan, are limited. This study attempts to fill the gap through a longitudinal case study of leading firms in a local industry – the glove‐related industry of Shikoku, Japan. The paper suggests that bringing together the flying geese theory with the pipeline and buzz concept furthers our understanding of the processes at work. The study's results suggest that successful firms – “the lead geese” – manage long‐held pipelines as well as newly established ones in the glocal relational space. The paper concludes that it is forward‐looking, international‐oriented leading firms which have the potential to make the cluster resilient in sales and employment rather than the cluster taking the dominant role itself.
A potential barrier to adherence? Memory for future intentions is impaired in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Jones Daniel J. W. , Harris John P. , Butler Laurie T. , Vaux Emma C.
Published: October 2019

Introduction

End‐stage renal disease (ESRD) has been associated with a range of cognitive deficits, including impaired retrospective memory and attention. Prospective memory (PM) is memory for future intentions, such as remembering to take medication on time. Prospective memory has not been examined in any ESRD patients; yet, the implications upon diet and medication management could potentially have detrimental effects on patient welfare. This is the first study to examine PM in ESRD patients being treated with hemodialysis (HD).

Methods

Hemodialysis patients (n = 18) were compared with age‐matched and education‐matched controls (n = 18) on a boardgame task that emulates a typical week of activities (i.e., grocery shopping, meetings with friends), requiring the participant to remember a series of upcoming tasks. Other measures were also examined, including general cognitive decline, measures of independent living, IQ, and mood.

Findings

Patients recalled significantly fewer upcoming events than the control group, suggesting an impairment of PM. No significant relationship was found between PM performance and any other measures, suggesting the difference between groups is likely due to the effects of ESRD, HD treatment, or some associated comorbidity.

Discussion

This is the first study to demonstrate a PM deficit in patients undergoing HD treatment. This finding contributes to the current knowledge of the cognitive profile of patients undergoing HD while also highlighting the implications that a PM deficit may have on patient quality of life. The finding may go some way to explaining variances in patients' ability to monitor and adhere to medication and dietary regimes and, ultimately, to live independently. The study also highlights the necessity of viewing treatment for ESRD as a holistic process to maximize patient well‐being.
Study on the interfacial properties of active Ti element/ZrO2 by using first principle calculation
Authors: Guo Weibing , Xue Haitao , Wei Xin , Zhang Xiaoming
Published: October 2019

Ti element is an important active element in brazing Zirconia ceramic (ZrO2) ceramic. Therefore, the interface bonding mechanism of Ti and ZrO2 was studied by using first principles calculation. Two kinds of interfaces with different termination and stacking sequence were established, and the interfacial bonding mechanism was studied using work of adhesion (Wad), electronic behavior and interface energy. The results show that in the O‐terminated interface, Ti and O form a strong ion‐covalent bond at the interface, and the Wad can reach 13.61 J/m2. In the Zr‐terminated interface, Ti and Zr form a metal‐covalent bond, and the Wad is 5.56 J/m2. At a temperature of 1123K, when the lnPO2 is larger than e−17, the O‐rich interface is more stable in thermodynamics. Therefore, under the experimental condition, the interface tends to form Ti‐O compounds when ZrO2 is brazed using Ag(Ti) filler metal.
Tokens or Stakeholders in Global Migration Governance? The Role of Affected Communities and Civil Society in the Global Compacts on Migration and Refugees
Authors: Rother Stefan , Steinhilper Elias
Published: October 2019

Focussing on the inclusion of those primarily affected as stakeholders (refugees and other migrants), this article addresses a key ambition of the compacts themselves. We employ an ‘inside‐outside’ perspective and firstly ask: which groups participated in the consultative processes, what agenda did they set ‘inside’ the meetings, what alliances did they establish and how did they influence the outcomes? Secondly, we investigate what kind of advocacy took place ‘outside’ of these formalized spaces and what impact it had? By this, we not only contribute to an evaluation of the processes themselves, but also advance current academic debates on strategies, spaces and political opportunity structures for civil society and particularly migrant involvement in global migration governance from below and the larger debate on democratizing global institutions.
Investigating palliative care nurse attitudes towards medical assistance in dying: An exploratory cross‐sectional study
Authors: Freeman Laurie A. , Pfaff Kathryn A. , Kopchek Lauren , Liebman Jordyn
Published: October 2019

Aim

To investigate palliative care nurse attitudes towards medical assistance in dying.

Design

An exploratory cross‐sectional study design.

Methods

A mailed letter recruited participants with data collection occurring on a secure online survey platform between November 2017‐February 2018. Data analyses included descriptive and bivariate statistics and stepwise linear regression.

Results

Palliative care nurse attitudes towards medical assistance in dying were explained by perceived expertise in the social domain of palliative care, personal importance of religion/faith, professional importance of religion/faith, and nursing designation.

Conclusion

This study reveals the perceived importance of religion, versus religious affiliation alone, as significant in influencing provider attitudes towards assisted dying. Further research is needed to understand differences in attitudes between Registered Nurses and Registered Practical Nurses and how the social domain of palliative care influences nurse attitude.

Impact

Organizations must prioritize nursing input, encourage open interprofessional dialogue and provide support for ethical decision‐making, practice decisions, and conscientious objection surrounding medical assistance in dying. Longitudinal nursing studies are needed to understand the impact of legislation on quality and person‐centred end‐of‐life care and the emotional well‐being/retention of palliative care nurses.
Enhancing social inclusion of young adults with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review of original empirical studies
Authors: Louw Julia S. , Kirkpatrick Bernadette , Leader Geraldine
Published: October 2019

Background

Social inclusion is regarded as an important determinant of health, particularly for young adults with intellectual disabilities. However, only a limited number of reviews report on the findings of original empirical studies on social inclusion of young adults with intellectual disabilities. This review provides a succinct synopsis of original empirical studies on social inclusion among young adults with intellectual disabilities for the period between January 2013 and January 2019.

Methods

Studies were drawn from three electronic databases: ScienceDirect, PubMed and PsycINFO. In addition, hand searches were carried out in several international journals focusing on intellectual disability research. The review included both qualitative and quantitative studies. In all, 24 key studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. The Methodological Quality Checklist developed by Downs and Black (Journal of Epidemiology Community Health, 1998, 52, 377) was used to independently assess study quality, and the Cochrane Collaboration Intervention Clinical Appraisal Form was used to extract data and outcome measures for each study.

Results

Among the key findings, structured and organized social inclusion interventions were reported to create better opportunities to engage in social interactions and improve social skills. Moreover, evaluating outcomes on the two core quality‐of‐life domains, that of interpersonal relationships and community participation, were reported to facilitate positive outcomes for social inclusion of young adults with intellectual disabilities.

Conclusion

There is a need to do an in‐depth exploration of the potential impact of facilitators that promote social inclusion of young adults with intellectual disabilities, by conducting rigorous empirical investigations.
Toll‐like receptor 4 regulates spontaneous intestinal tumorigenesis by up‐regulating IL‐6 and GM‐CSF
Authors: Shi Yun‐Jie , Zhao Quan‐Quan , Liu Xiao‐Shuang , Dong Su‐He , E Ji‐Fu , Li Xu , Liu Cong , Wang Hao
Published: October 2019

Inflammation is as an important component of intestinal tumorigenesis. The activation of Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) signalling promotes inflammation in colitis of mice, but the role of TLR4 in intestinal tumorigenesis is not yet clear. About 80%–90% of colorectal tumours contain inactivating mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) tumour suppressor, and intestinal adenoma carcinogenesis in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is also closely related to the germline mutations in Apc. The ApcMin/+ (multiple intestinal neoplasia) model mouse is a well‐utilized model of FAP, an inherited form of intestinal cancer. In this study, ApcMin/+ intestinal adenoma mice were generated on TLR4‐sufficient and TLR4‐deficient backgrounds to investigate the carcinogenic effect of TLR4 in mouse gut by comparing mice survival, peripheral blood cells, bone marrow haematopoietic precursor cells and numbers of polyps in the guts of ApcMin/+ WT and ApcMin/+ TLR4−/− mice. The results revealed that TLR4 had a critical role in promoting spontaneous intestinal tumorigenesis. Significant differential genes were screened out by the high‐throughput RNA‐Seq method. After combining these results with KEGG enrichment data, it was determined that TLR4 might promote intestinal tumorigenesis by activating cytokine‐cytokine receptor interaction and pathways in cancer signalling pathways. After a series of validation experiments for the concerned genes, it was found that IL6, GM‐CSF (CSF2), IL11, CCL3, S100A8 and S100A9 were significantly decreased in gut tumours of ApcMin/+ TLR4−/− mice compared with ApcMin/+ WT mice. In the functional study of core down‐regulation factors, it was found that IL6, GM‐CSF, IL11, CCL3 and S100A8/9 increased the viability of colon cancer cell lines and decreased the apoptosis rate of colon cancer cells with irradiation and chemical treatment.
Glucose‐fructose‐glycine time–temperature integrator and its potential application in heating process control of food softness
Authors: Choachamnan Jinnipar , Boonsupthip Waraporn
Published: October 2019

The objectives of this investigation were to evaluate the nonenzymatic browning (NEB) color development characteristics of glucose‐fructose‐glycine solutions for their potential as a colored time–temperature integrator (TTI) function for indicating pumpkin softness during steaming. The solutions with different substrate concentrations and incubated temperature values showed the same pattern of browning development. The pattern was visually distinguished into three different consecutive zones, colorless to yellow, yellow to dark brown and constant dark brown. These zones were well represented (R2 ≥ .975) by the s‐curve kinetics of % unaccomplished transmittance by the natural logarithmic function and modified Gompertz models. The Arrhenius equation (Ea 90.1–118.7 kJ/mol, R2 ≥ .9285) described the temperature dependence of kinetic parameters. A method to generate a NEB‐TTI conceptual framework of time–temperature applicable range was described to represent the three color zones. The framework functions as a guideline to design a NEB‐TTI system for a food attribute with the same time–temperature range and Ea of interest. Pumpkin softness change was modeled (modified Michaelis–Menten and Arrhenius equations; Ea 97.25 kJ/mol, R2 = .9994). A glucose‐fructose‐glycine TTI tag prototype well represented pumpkin softness during steaming. It is promising for a sugar‐amino acid system as a colored TTI to represent historical food quality change during heating.

Practical Applications

This work provided an approach to develop colored TTIs from a nonenzymatic browning reaction which is beneficial as the reactive substrates are stable, cheap, and can be stored at room temperature. The % unaccomplished transmittance parameter was proposed as well representing the browning color change in time in the s‐curved manner and corresponding to the three different color changing zones. This parameter is more practical for TTI color interpretation for specific uses. Suitable mathematical models to describe the color change characteristics of glucose‐fructose‐glycine TTI and softness of pumpkin were described and are possibly applicable to other NEB‐TTI and food types. A conceptual framework of NEB‐TTIs was proposed to facilitate food‐TTI matching. This work also showed that without sample destruction, food softness change in response to time–temperature history during steaming can be monitored and managed through the gradient colors of the NEB TTI tag. Controlling food quality and safety during heating using colored TTIs as a nondestructive approach is potentially possible.

Highlights

Variation of NEB color in three different phases is useful for colored TTI development. A new, meaningful parameter, the % unaccomplished transmittance, was proposed to represent TTI color change pattern.

A conceptual framework was proposed to facilitate food‐TTI matching.

NEB‐TTI is potentially useful for nondestructive & real‐time monitoring of food quality during heating
Effect of 100 kPa O2 pretreatments time on physiology and quality of vacuum packed and coated fresh‐cut apples
Authors: Jia Xiaoyu , Du Meijun , Pan Yanfang , Li Xihong , Song Jianxin , Leng Juncai , Chen Lan , Leng Chuanzhu
Published: October 2019

This research used different 100 kPa O2 pretreatments time (0, 2, 4, and 6 hr) to investigate their effects on qualities of fresh‐cut “Red Fuji” apples during cold storage. Fresh‐cut apples were dipped in acid solution (composed of 1.53% ascorbic acid, 1.10% citric acid, and 0.51% CaCl2) for 15 min and 5 g/L carboxymethylcellulose sodium edible coating (composed of 0.5% CMC, 0.01% Natamycin, and 0.015% Nisin) for 5 min. Then the slices were exposed to 100 kPa O2 for different time before being vacuumed in polyethylene bags. The results showed that pretreatment with 100 kPa O2 inhibited the surface browning, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activity and malondialdehyde. Moreover, 100 kPa O2 pretreatment for 4 hr was more effective than other pretreatments time. Intact tissue structure and fewest molds and yeast count during 90 days of storage were also observed in pretreated for 4 hr samples during storage.
Men's Economic Dependency, Gender Ideology, and Stress at Midlife
Authors: Kim Joeun , Luke Nancy
Published: October 2019

Objective

This study investigates the association between men's economic dependency during midlife and allostatic load, an indicator of chronic stress, and how this relationship varies with men's gender ideology.

Background

Women are primary breadwinners in almost a third of heterosexual couples in the United States. Emerging research finds that female primary breadwinning (or men's economic dependency) is a threat to masculinity that has negative implications for men's midlife health. However, there is no quantitative evidence of the mechanisms linking men's economic dependency and health, particularly the role of stress, and whether men's gender ideology moderates this relationship.

Method

Using two waves of Midlife in the United States data for men who remained with the same marital or cohabiting female partner between waves (N = 332), the authors estimate the relationship between men's economic dependency in Wave 1 and allostatic load in Wave 2.

Results

There was no evidence of an association between men's economic dependency and higher allostatic load on average. However, gender ideology had a moderating influence; men's economic dependency was associated with higher allostatic load for those who espoused more traditional gender attitudes and lower allostatic load for those with the most egalitarian attitudes.

Conclusion

The findings underscore the existence of multiple masculinities and suggest that economic dependence has a negative or positive influence on men's health depending on the meanings men attach to female primary breadwinning.
Clinical, metabolic, and genetic characterization of hereditary methemoglobinemia caused by cytochrome b5reductase deficiency in cats
Authors: Jaffey Jared A. , Reading N. Scott , Giger Urs , Abdulmalik Osheiza , Buckley Ruben M. , Johnstone Sophie , Lyons Leslie A. ,   the 99 Lives Cat Genome Consortium
Published: October 2019

Two non‐pedigreed male castrated cats had persistent cyanosis over a 3‐year observation period. Clinical cardiopulmonary evaluations did not reveal abnormalities, but the blood remained dark after exposure to air. Erythrocytic methemoglobin concentrations were high (~40% of hemoglobin) and cytochrome b5reductase (CYB5R) activities in erythrocytes were low (≤15% of control). One cat remained intolerant of exertion, and the other cat developed anemia and died due to an unidentified comorbidity. Whole‐genome sequencing revealed a homozygous c.625G>A missense variant (B4:137967506) and a c.232‐1G>C splice acceptor variant (B4:137970815) inCYB5R3, respectively, which were absent in 193 unaffected additional cats. The p.Gly209Ser missense variant likely disrupts a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)‐binding domain, while the splicing error occurs at the acceptor site for exon 4, which likely affects downstream translation of the protein. The 2 novelCYB5R3variants were associated with methemoglobinemia using clinical, biochemical, genomics, and in silico protein studies. The variant prevalence is unknown in the cat population.