bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis on the Working Condition at Port Radium Mine and Radiation Exposure to Uranium Transporters
Authors: Xu Junran
Published: August 2017

This research paper describes how the handling of radioactive ore by indigenous transporters in Canada for the Manhattan Project of the United States in the early-mid 20th century has affected the health of the indigenous population of the time. These Sahtu Dene people resided in Déline, NWT, Canada and from the 1930s through 1940s were hired to carry cloth sacks of radioactive ore at Port Radium, NWT without appropriate personal protective equipment. This resulted in the spreading of radioactive contamination to the transporters as well as their families and community. In this report, we estimate the radiation exposure of a uranium ore transporter and analyzed the corresponding health effects. The objective of this investigation is to reconstruct the dosage received by Dene uranium transporters in the early-mid 20th century. Specifically, this research paper includes information on the uranium supply for the Manhattan Project, possible hazards from transporting radioactive material without proper protective equipment, and a quantitative estimation of radioactive exposure received by an average indigenous transporter. The information presented in this paper aims to provide readers with knowledge of nuclear history and indigenous health history related to this event. Cet article de recherche décrit comment la manipulation du minerai radioactif par les transporteurs indigènes au Canada pour le Projet Manhattan des États-Unis au début du 20e siècle a affecté la santé de la population autochtone de l’époque. Ces personnes de Premières Nations, qui résidaient à Déline, dans les Territoires du Nord-Ouest au Canada, ont été embauchées entres les années 1930 et 1940 pour transporter des sacs en tissu de minerai radioactif à Port Radium, dans les Territoires du Nord-Ouest, sans équipement de protection approprié. Cela a entraîné la propagation de contaminants radioactifs aux transporteurs, ainsi qu’à leurs familles et à leurs communautés. Ce rapport fournit une estimation de la quantité de rayonnement auquel un transporteur moyen a été exposé et analyse ses effets sur la santé. Ces risques pour la santé prévus ont ensuite été comparés aux statistiques rapportées dans le rapport de la Commission canadienne de l’uranium de Déline. L’objectif de cette enquête est de comprendre l’impact de la manipulation du minerai radioactif au début du 20e siècle sur la santé de la population autochtone. Plus précisément, ce document de recherche comprend des informations sur l’approvisionnement en uranium du projet Manhattan, les risques possibles liés au transport de matières radioactives sans équipement de protection approprié et une estimation quantitative de l’exposition radioactive que le transporteur indigène moyen a reçue. L’information présentée dans cet article vise à fournir des connaissances sur l’histoire de la santé nucléaire et autochtone liée à cet événement.
Targeting pro-protein convertase subtilisin kexin-9 as a novel therapy of hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Dwiputra Bambang , Santoso Anwar , Poh Kian K.
Published: August 2017

Reducing low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level is an established primary and secondary prevention strategy for coronary heart disease. However, not all patients are able to achieve their LDL targets as recommended by the guidelines. Over the last 10 years, high plasma LDL level is known to be associated with a higher level of pro-protein convertase subtilisin kexin-9 (PCSK-9). Loss-of-function mutations in the PCSK-9 gene is associated with lower plasma LDL level and cardiovascular risk. Since its discovery in 2003, PCSK-9 has triggered many researchers to design a PCSK-9 inhibitor to reduce LDL cholesterol through competitive inhibition of this molecule. Some phase III clinical trials have showed promising results of PCSK-9 inhibitor efficacy in lowering LDL level and improving clinical outcome. This article aims to discuss the role of PCSK-9 in LDL metabolism and the efficacy of PCSK-9 inhibitor in reducing plasma LDL level.
Does the establishment of universal health coverage drive the foundation of postgraduate education for primary care physicians?
Authors: Widyahening Indah S. , Tanoto Rodri , Rinawan Fedri , Setiawati Elsa P. , Leopando Zorayda E.
Published: August 2017

Background: Studying the formation of postgraduate training in primary care within countries which has attained Universal Health Coverage (UHC) is important to support the development of similar training in low-and middle-income countries aiming to achieve UHC by 2030. This review aims to describe the state of postgraduate training for primary care physicians in UHC-attaining countries.Methods: A literature review of published literature and official documents from the websites of regional and global health/primary care organizations or societies such as World Health Organization (WHO), World Organization of Family Doctors (WONCA), European Forum for Primary Care, European Union of General Practitioners (GP)/Family Physicians (FP), European Academy of Teachers in GP/Family Medicine (FM), as well as the websites of GP/FP organizations in each of the respective countries. The list of UHC attained countries were identified through WHO and International Labor Organization databases.Results: A total number of 72 UHC-attained countries were identified. Postgraduate education for primary care physicians exists in 62 countries (86%). Explicit statements that establish primary care postgraduate training were corresponded with the policy on UHC is found in 11 countries (18%). The naming of the program varies, general practice and family medicine were the commonest. In 33 countries (53%), physicians are required to undertake training to practice in primary level. The program duration ranged from 2–6 years with 3 years for the majority.Conclusion: Although UHC is not the principal driving force for the establishment of postgraduate training for primary care physicians in many countries, most UHC-attaining countries make substantial endeavor to ensure its formation as a part of their health care reform to improve national health.
Can glycated hemoglobin act as a reliable glycemic indicator in patients with diabetic chronic kidney disease? evidence from the Northeast of Thailand
Authors: Zaman Sojib Bin , Hossain Naznin , Rahman Ahmed E. , Islam Sheikh M.S.
Published: August 2017

Background: Chronic kidney diseases (CKD) is a common microvascular complication in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) which requires adequate glycemic control. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a conventional biomarker to estimate glycemic status, but its role in diabetic CKD patients is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether patients with high HbA1c are associated to develop diabetic CKD.Methods: Data were obtained from a clinical registry of diabetic patients who were treated in a district hospital in the Northeast of Thailand. CKD was defined according to the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR<60mL/min/1.73m2). Anthropometric and biochemical measurements of the patient were taken by review of medical records. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the likelihood of the association between HbA1c and CKD.Results: Among 4,050 participants, 1,027 (25.3%) developed diabetic CKD. Older age (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 4.88, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.71–6.42, p<0.05), female (AOR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.05–1.73, p<0.05), and hypertension (AOR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.21–1.91, p<0.05) were found as the risk factors of diabetic CKD. However, patients with high HbA1c (>6.5%) were negatively associated with diabetic CKD (AOR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.51–0.86, p<0.05).Conclusion: This study found patients with higher HbA1c level were not associated with diabetic CKD. Therefore, using the conventional cut-off values of HbA1c in diabetic CKD patients may be problematic in the clinical settings. Enhanced detection of glycemic status in patients with diabetic CKD is warranted to improve the outcome.
Behind and beyond the gatekeepers’ transformation
Authors: Wangge Grace
Published: August 2017

[no abstract available]
Diagonalization of Hamiltonian in the photogravitation-al restricted three body problem with P-R drag
Authors: James Raj Xavier , Ishwar Bhola
Published: August 2017

In this paper, restricted, three-body problem (RTBP) is generalised to study the non-linear stability of equilibrium points in the photogravitational RTBP with P-R drag. In the present study, both primaries are considered as a source of radiation and effect of P-R drag. Hence the problem will contain four parameters q1, q2, W1 and W2. At first, the Lagrangian and the Hamiltonian of the problem were computed, then the Lagrangian function is expanded in power series of the coordinates of the triangular equilibrium points x and y. Lastly, diagonalized the quadratic term of the Hamiltonian of the problem, which is obtained by expanding original Lagrangian or Hamiltonian by Taylor's series about triangular equilibrium point. Finally, the study concluded that the diagonalizable Hamiltonian is H2=ω1I1-ω2I2.
Landau theoretical analyses of phase transitions and ferroelec-tricity in antiferroelectric ferroics
Authors: Rwenyagila Egidius Rutatizibwa
Published: August 2017

This paper presents Landau theoretical interpretation of phase transitions in Antiferroelectrics (AFEs) materials. The results show that the phase transitions occurring in AFEs have prominently first and second order properties. Landau theories of first and second order phase transition have been appropriately analyzed in order to explain some of desirable phenomenological behaviors occurring in AFE materials. The spatial order parameter profile of AFE domain wall was derived and tested for possibilities of having ferroelectricity (FE) in accordance with Landau type energy functional. It was found that FE may appear but with additional system instability because of additional energy as a result of polarization gradient.
Sensitivity of Effluent Variables in Activated Sludge Process
Authors: Vivekanandan B , Jeyannathann K , Rao A. Seshagiri
Published: August 2017

The quality of a treated effluent changes when there is a sudden variation in the influent flow to the wastewater treatment plant during dry, rain, and storm weather conditions. In this study, various influent flow conditions in an activated sludge process are considered that affect the sensitivity of effluent variables such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), nitrate nitrogen (SNO), ammonical nitrogen (SNH), and total nitrogen (TN) with respect to varying internal recycle flow rate (Qa), sludge recycle flow rate (Qr), sludge wastage flow rate (Qw) and oxygen transfer rate co-efficient of aerobic tanks (KLa(3,4,5)). The analysis has been carried out based on benchmark simulation model no.1 (BSM 1) plant layout which comprises of two models namely activated sludge model no.1 (ASM 1) and simple one dimensional (Simple 1-D) Takacs model. Based on the present analysis, it is observed that the changes in influent flow rate have larger impact on the effluent variables. This variation can be subdued by introducing additional tanks to smoothen the perturbations or using internal recycle rate from the fifth tank in order to maintain the flow around the optimal influent flow rate. The sludge wastage rate has a greater impact on all effluent variables except nitrogenous variables during maximum flow conditions.
On the seductions of psychoanalytic story-telling: Narcissism and the problems of narrative
Authors: Walsh Julie
Published: August 2017

In this paper, I argue for a particular reading of narcissism that challenges the privileging of narrative as a sense-making device, with important consequences for an evaluation of the story paradigm in psychotherapeutic work. I lean on the psychoanalytic mechanisms ofNachträglichkeitand trauma to trouble dominant therapeutic logics that support the primacy of the (narcissistically centered) narrative “I.” Rather than endorse the story of “me, me, me” that popular readings of narcissism invoke, I explore the possibility that, in psychoanalysis, narcissism’s modes destabilize the I, making the narrator constitutionally unreliable, and her accounts of all subject-object distinctions uncertain and constantly shifting.
A generalization of a graph theory Mertens’ theorem: Galois covering case
Authors: Hasegawa Takehiro , Saito Seiken , Sato Iwao
Published: August 2017

In 1874, Franz Mertens proved the so-called Mertens’ theorem, and in 1974, Kenneth S. Williams showed Mertens’ theorem associated with a character.
In a previous paper, we presented a graph-theoretic analogue to Williams’ theorem.
In this paper, we generalize our previous work in the sense that a character is extended to a representation.
To our knowledge, a number-theoretic analogue to our result is not yet known.
So, we expect that, by using our methods, it can be proven in the future.
Petrology and geochemistry of meta-ultramafic rocks in the Paleozoic Granjeno Schist, northeastern Mexico: Remnants of Pangaea ocean floor
Authors: Torres-Sánchez Sonia Alejandra , Augustsson Carita , Jenchen Uwe , Rafael Barboza-Gudiño J. , Alemán Gallardo Eduardo , Ramírez Fernández Juan Alonso , Torres-Sánchez Darío , Abratis Michael
Published: August 2017

The Granjeno Schist is a meta-volcanosedimentary upper Paleozoic complex in northeastern Mexico. We suggest different tectonic settings for metamorphism of its serpentinite and talc-bearing rocks based on petrographic and geochemical compositions. According to the REE ratios (La
The memorable experience of published research on adolescent
development
Authors: Chow Ronald
Published: August 2017

The education system has served as a key component of adolescent
development, whether through traditional learning, peer-tutoring programs,
or objective-specific programs. The production of scientific publications of
students at Crescent School offered a unique experiential learning
opportunity, where students not only learned about study design, data
collection, statistical analyses and manuscript writing but also valuable
lessons of work ethic, organizational skills, and interpersonal skills. The
students have cited the experience as a memorable experience during their
adolescent development.
Migration Discourse in Slovak Politics. Context and Content of Migration in Political Discourse: European Values versus Campaign Rhetoric
Authors: Žúborová Viera , Borárosová Ingrid
Published: August 2017

The migration crisis has not only influenced the societies of Europe, their governments, and decisions taken by them but also affected the work of media. As soon as the migration crisis began to escalate in Europe, the old continent has continuously tried to cope with the influx of refugees from the war-threatened Middle East; not only individual statements of politicians and influential individuals but also communication flows themselves, which have created content and expanded context within networks, have become the center of interest. We can assume that in the previous months (especially in the case of the Slovak Republic), political and media discourses influenced societal and individual opinions and attitudes toward the migration crisis. The main aim of this article is to compare the various contents in the Slovak printed media in the context of the migration crisis. The dominant focus will be on analyzing media messages in the analyzed period in the context of creating political (media-based and electoral) discourse on the refugee crisis. We assume that over time, the main political discourse changed, and that the rhetoric of the main political actors also changed over time. The reason for this shift was the national election in March 2016.
Dual-stage adaptive finite-time modified function projective multi-lag combined synchronization for multiple uncertain chaotic systems
Authors: Li Qiaoping , Liu Sanyang
Published: August 2017

In this paper, for multiple different chaotic systems with unknown bounded disturbances and fully unknown parameters, a more general synchronization method called modified function projective multi-lag combined synchronization is proposed. This new method covers almost all of the synchronization methods available. As an advantage of the new method, the drive system is a linear combination of multiple chaotic systems, which makes the signal hidden channels more abundant and the signal hidden methods more flexible. Based on the finite-time stability theory and the sliding mode variable structure control technique, a dual-stage adaptive variable structure control scheme is established to realize the finite-time synchronization and to tackle the parameters well. The detailed theoretical derivation and representative numerical simulation is put forward to demonstrate the correctness and effectiveness of the advanced scheme.
Vasculogenesis and angiogenesis initiation under normoxic conditions through Wnt/β-catenin pathway in gliomas
Authors: Vallée Alexandre , Guillevin Rémy , Vallée Jean-Noël
Published: August 2017

The canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway is up-regulated in gliomas and involved in proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Nuclear β-catenin accumulation correlates with malignancy. Hypoxia activates hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α by inhibiting HIF-1α prolyl hydroxylation, which promotes glycolytic energy metabolism, vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, whereas HIF-1α is degraded by the HIF prolyl hydroxylase under normoxic conditions. We focus this review on the links between the activated Wnt/β-catenin pathway and the mechanisms underlying vasculogenesis and angiogenesis through HIF-1α under normoxic conditions in gliomas. Wnt-induced epidermal growth factor receptor/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling, Wnt-induced signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling, and Wnt/β-catenin target gene transduction (c-Myc) can activate HIF-1α in a hypoxia-independent manner. The PI3K/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway activates HIF-1α through eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 and STAT3. The β-catenin/T-cell factor 4 complex directly binds to STAT3 and activates HIF-1α, which up-regulates the Wnt/β-catenin target genes cyclin D1 and c-Myc in a positive feedback loop. Phosphorylated STAT3 by interleukin-6 or leukemia inhibitory factor activates HIF-1α even under normoxic conditions. The activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway induces, via the Wnt target genes c-Myc and cyclin D1 or via HIF-1α, gene transactivation encoding aerobic glycolysis enzymes, such as glucose transporter, hexokinase 2, pyruvate kinase M2, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 and lactate dehydrogenase-A, leading to lactate production, as the primary alternative of ATP, at all oxygen levels, even in normoxic conditions. Lactate released by glioma cells via the monocarboxylate lactate transporter-1 up-regulated by HIF-1α and lactate anion activates HIF-1α in normoxic endothelial cells by inhibiting HIF-1α prolyl hydroxylation and preventing HIF labeling by the von Hippel-Lindau protein. Increased lactate with acid environment and HIF-1α overexpression induce the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis under normoxic conditions. Hypoxia and acidic pH have no synergistic effect on VEGF transcription.
Wear Performance of Squeeze Cast ZA27–Based Composites Containing SiC, ZrO2, C, or Hybrid of SiC+C Particles
Authors: El-khair Malak Taher Abou , Lotfy Ahmed , Daoud Atef , El-sheikh Ahmed
Published: August 2017

Zinc-27 percent by weight (wt.%) aluminum (ZA27)–based composites containing five percent by volume (vol.%) of various particulates, namely, silicon carbide (SiC), zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), carbon (C), and hybrid of SiC+C, were successfully prepared by stirring method followed by squeeze casting. Pin-on-disc dry wear tests were carried out to study the sliding wear behavior of the ZA27 alloy and produced composites. Experiments were performed within a load range of 20 N to 60 N at a constant sliding speed of 1.5 m/s. It was found that the addition of particles improved the wear resistance of the resultant composites when compared with the unreinforced ZA27 alloy. Amongst the produced composites, highest wear resistance was achieved with the ZrO2 particulate–reinforced composite, while the carbon-reinforced composite exhibited the lowest wear resistance. The wear resistance of the investigated materials decreased as the applied load was increased. The friction coefficient of the composites was much lower than that of the unreinforced alloy. The wear rate data as well as examination of the worn surfaces and wear debris by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis suggested a change of predominating wear mechanisms as the load changed. At a low load (20 N), the wear rate of the matrix alloy and carbon reinforced composites was relatively low, the worn surfaces consisted of localized shallow grooves, and the wear debris was fine, suggesting that the predominating wear mechanism was smearing. For the composites reinforced with SiC and ZrO2 at a load of 20 N, the wear rate was relatively low, and the worn surfaces revealed parallel ploughing marks, indicating that the predominant wear mechanism was ploughing and abrasive wear. However, at a load of 60 N, the predominant wear mechanism was plastic deformation and delamination for all the investigated materials in which the wear rate was significantly higher; the worn surface displayed some patches, and large-sized, platelike debris was observed.
The Effect of Spray-Formed Al22Si Coating on Wear Resistance Performance
Authors: Zhao Junfeng , Jia Yandong , Sun Jianfei , Yuan Xiaoguang , Shen Hongxian
Published: August 2017

The future trends of modern automobiles will apply lightweight material to boost fuel economy and energy efficiency. While the spray-formed Al22Si coatings are suitable candidates for improving the wear resistance of the lightweight materials. The morphology of the wear tracks was compared between spray-formed Al22Si and cast iron, and the relationship between the wear loss and the microscopic wear mechanisms was also discussed. The result shows that the wear resistance performance of the spray-formed Al22Si alloy was better than that of cast iron, and its wear loss presented an approximately linear relationship with the sliding distance. It was also shown that damage within the spray-formed Al22Si occurred in two stages. Initially, the spray-formed Al22Si alloy was extremely worn due to an abrasive action on the sharp particles and the fracture of the larger particles. Once the sharp edges of the abrasive became blunt with the wear progress, the degree of wear and tear decreased dramatically. In the stable wear stage, a small number of tiny particles are gradually worn out that can reduce the asperity contact and reduce the friction and wear. The wear resistance of the spray-formed Al22Si improved as the number and homogeneous distribution of the hard particles increased and their sizes decreased. The present study shows that spray-formed Al22Si not only reduces the automotive weight, but also enhances the life of the engine cylinder more than cast iron.
UPF1 Governs Synaptic Plasticity through Association with a STAU2 RNA Granule
Authors: Graber Tyson E. , Freemantle Erika , Anadolu Mina N. , Hébert-Seropian Sarah , MacAdam Robyn L. , Shin Unkyung , Hoang Huy-Dung , Alain Tommy , Lacaille Jean-Claude , Sossin Wayne S.
Published: August 2017

Neuronal mRNAs can be packaged in reversibly stalled polysome granules before their transport to distant synaptic locales. Stimulation of synaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) reactivates translation of these particular mRNAs to produce plasticity-related protein; a phenomenon exhibited during mGluR-mediated LTD. This form of plasticity is deregulated in Fragile X Syndrome, a monogenic form of autism in humans, and understanding the stalling and reactivation mechanism could reveal new approaches to therapies. Here, we demonstrate that UPF1, known to stall peptide release during nonsense-mediated RNA decay, is critical for assembly of stalled polysomes in rat hippocampal neurons derived from embryos of either sex. Moreover, UPF1 and its interaction with the RNA binding protein STAU2 are necessary for proper transport and local translation from a prototypical RNA granule substrate and for mGluR-LTD in hippocampal neurons. These data highlight a new, neuronal role for UPF1, distinct from its RNA decay functions, in regulating transport and/or translation of mRNAs that are critical for synaptic plasticity.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe elongation and/or termination steps of mRNA translation are emerging as important control points in mGluR-LTD, a form of synaptic plasticity that is compromised in a severe monogenic form of autism, Fragile X Syndrome. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms controlling this type of plasticity may thus open new therapeutic opportunities. Here, we describe a new role for the ATP-dependent helicase UPF1 and its interaction with the RNA localization protein STAU2 in mediating mGluR-LTD through the regulation of mRNA translation complexes stalled at the level of elongation and/or termination.
Brief Novel Visual Experience Fundamentally Changes Synaptic Plasticity in the Mouse Visual Cortex
Authors: Li Shuo , Wang Laijian , Tie Xiaoxiu , Sohya Kazuhiro , Lin Xian , Kirkwood Alfredo , Jiang Bin
Published: August 2017

LTP has been known to be a mechanism by which experience modifies synaptic responses in the neocortex. Visual deprivation in the form of dark exposure or dark rearing from birth enhances NMDAR-dependent LTP in layer 2/3 of visual cortex, a process often termed metaplasticity, which may involve changes in NMDAR subunit composition and function. However, the effects of reexposure to light after dark rearing from birth on LTP induction have not been explored. Here, we showed that the light exposure after dark rearing revealed a novel NMDAR independent form of LTP in the layer 2/3 pyramidal cells in visual cortex of mice of both sexes, which is dependent on mGluR5 activation and is associated with intracellular Ca2+rise, CaMKII activity, PKC activity, and intact protein synthesis. Moreover, the capacity to induce mGluR-dependent LTP is transient: it only occurs when mice of both sexes reared in the dark from birth are exposed to light for 10–12 h, and it does not occur in vision-experienced, male mice, even after prolonged exposure to dark. Thus, the mGluR5-LTP unmasked by short visual experience can only be observed after dark rearing but not after dark exposure. These results suggested that, as in hippocampus, in layer 2/3 of visual cortex, there is coexistence of two distinct activity-dependent systems of synaptic plasticity, NMDAR-LTP, and mGluR5-LTP. The mGluR5-LTP unmasked by short visual experience may play a critical role in the faster establishment of normal receptive field properties.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLTP has been known to be a mechanism by which experience modifies synaptic responses in the neocortex. Visual deprivation in the form of dark exposure or dark rearing from birth enhances NMDAR-dependent LTP in layer 2/3 of visual cortex, a process often termed metaplasticity. NMDAR-dependent form of LTP in visual cortex has been well characterized. Here, we report that an NMDAR-independent form of LTP can be promoted by novel visual experience on dark-reared mice, characterized as dependent on intracellular Ca2+rise, PKC activity, and intact protein synthesis and also requires the activation of mGluR5. These findings suggest that, in layer 2/3 of visual cortex, as in hippocampus, there is coexistence of two distinct activity-dependent systems of synaptic plasticity.
Cortical Representations of Speech in a Multitalker Auditory Scene
Authors: Puvvada Krishna C. , Simon Jonathan Z.
Published: August 2017

The ability to parse a complex auditory scene into perceptual objects is facilitated by a hierarchical auditory system. Successive stages in the hierarchy transform an auditory scene of multiple overlapping sources, from peripheral tonotopically based representations in the auditory nerve, into perceptually distinct auditory-object-based representations in the auditory cortex. Here, using magnetoencephalography recordings from men and women, we investigate how a complex acoustic scene consisting of multiple speech sources is represented in distinct hierarchical stages of the auditory cortex. Using systems-theoretic methods of stimulus reconstruction, we show that the primary-like areas in the auditory cortex contain dominantly spectrotemporal-based representations of the entire auditory scene. Here, both attended and ignored speech streams are represented with almost equal fidelity, and a global representation of the full auditory scene with all its streams is a better candidate neural representation than that of individual streams being represented separately. We also show that higher-order auditory cortical areas, by contrast, represent the attended stream separately and with significantly higher fidelity than unattended streams. Furthermore, the unattended background streams are more faithfully represented as a single unsegregated background object rather than as separated objects. Together, these findings demonstrate the progression of the representations and processing of a complex acoustic scene up through the hierarchy of the human auditory cortex.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTUsing magnetoencephalography recordings from human listeners in a simulated cocktail party environment, we investigate how a complex acoustic scene consisting of multiple speech sources is represented in separate hierarchical stages of the auditory cortex. We show that the primary-like areas in the auditory cortex use a dominantly spectrotemporal-based representation of the entire auditory scene, with both attended and unattended speech streams represented with almost equal fidelity. We also show that higher-order auditory cortical areas, by contrast, represent an attended speech stream separately from, and with significantly higher fidelity than, unattended speech streams. Furthermore, the unattended background streams are represented as a single undivided background object rather than as distinct background objects.
Institutional Survivorship: Abandonment and the “Machinery of the Establishment”
Authors: Burghardt Madeline
Published: August 2017

Institutions are a central and painful feature in the historical record of the treatment of people with intellectual disabilities in Canada. To date, scholarly work has provided a robust understanding of the multiple intersecting factors and “political rationalities” (Chapman, 2014) that have contributed to institutions’ development, including their relationship with capitalism’s “exploitative social relations of production and consumption” (Erevelles, 2014, para. 6). Accounts from institutional survivors that describe the direct and lived experience of institutionalization have begun to emerge in Canadian disability studies and historical canons. Based on research that examined the impact of institutionalization on families, this paper draws from survivor narratives to explore the alienation and abandonment that survivors experienced as a result of having been institutionalized. It interrogates the connection between survivors’ experiences and the function of their alienation in the workings of a capitalist system. Additionally, this paper addresses some of the historical, social and political conditions of the time and place of concern (post World War II Ontario), and discusses how those conditions created a discourse of persuasion in the institutionalization of children with intellectual disabilities.
Options Counseling for the Pregnant Adolescent Patient
Authors: Hornberger Laurie L. ,   COMMITTEE ON ADOLESCENCE, Breuner Cora C. , Alderman Elizabeth M. , Garofalo Robert , Grubb Laura K. , Powers Makia E. , Upadhya Krishna Kumari , Wallace Stephenie B.
Published: August 2017

Each year, more than 500 000 girls and young women younger than 20 years become pregnant. It is important for pediatricians to have the ability and the resources in their offices to make a timely pregnancy diagnosis in their adolescent patients and provide them with nonjudgmental pregnancy options counseling. Counseling includes an unbiased discussion of the adolescent’s legal options to either continue or terminate her pregnancy, supporting the adolescent in the decision-making process, and referring the adolescent to appropriate resources and services. Pediatricians who choose not to provide such discussions should promptly refer pregnant adolescent patients to a health care professional who will offer developmentally appropriate pregnancy options counseling. This approach to pregnancy options counseling has not changed since the original 1989 American Academy of Pediatrics statement on this issue.
Simulation based comparison of stochastic claims reserving models in general insurance
Authors: Arató Miklós , Martinek László , Mályusz Miklós
Published: August 2017

The appropriate estimation of incurred but not reported (IBNR) reserves is traditionally one of the most important task for property and casualty actuaries. As certain claims are reported considerably later after their occurrence, the amount and appropriateness of the reserves have a substantial effect on the financial results of institutions. In recent years, stochastic reserving methods have become increasingly widespread, supported by broad actuarial literature, describing development models and evaluation techniques.

The cardinal aim of the present paper is to compare the appropriateness of several stochastic estimation methods, supposing different distributional underlying development models. For lack of analytical formulae in most of the model settings relevant from a practical perspective, due to the complex behavior of summed variables, simulations are performed to approximate distributions and results. Considering that the number of runoff triangles is generally limited, stochastically simulated scenarios contribute to feasible solutions. Stochastic reserving is taken into account as a stochastic forecast, thus comparison techniques developed for stochastic forecasts can be applied, opening up new informative perspectives beyond classical prediction measures, such as the mean square error of prediction.
Magatartás-változtatás az egészségügyben: a motivációs interjú
Authors: Pócs Dávid , Hamvai Csaba , Kelemen Oguz
Published: August 2017

Abstract:

Public health data show that early mortality in Hungary could be prevented by smoking cessation, reduced alcohol consumption, regular exercise, healthy diet and increased adherence. Doctor–patient encounters often highlight these aspects of health behavior. There is evidence that health behavior change is driven by internal motivation rather than external influence. This finding has led to the concept of motivational interview, which is a person-centered, goal-oriented approach to counselling. The doctor asks targeted questions to elicit the patient’s motivations, strengths, internal resources, and to focus the interview around these. The quality and quantity of the patient’s change talk is related to better outcomes. In addition, the interview allows the patient to express ambivalent feelings and doubts about the change. The doctor should use various communication strategies to resolve this ambivalence. Furthermore, establishing a good doctor–patient relationship is the cornerstone of the motivational interview. An optimal relationship can evoke change talk and reduce the patient’s resistance, which can also result in a better outcome. The goal of the motivational interview is to focus on the ‘why’ to change health behavior rather than the ‘how’, and to utilize internal motivation instead of persuasion. This is the reason why motivational interview has become a widely-accepted evidence based approach. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(34): 1331–1337.
Előprogramozott gének
Authors: Szabad János
Published: August 2017

Abstract:

Cells feel good and carry on perfect functions when they contain the right types of proteins in the right concentration, at the right time and sites. There are mechanisms that ensure the right level of gene expression in the different cell types: the formation of protein molecules based on the DNA-encoded genetic information. Gene expression can also be regulated through the compactness of chromatin, i.e. the accessibility of the genes. The chromosomes are repositories of the genetic information – the sequence of base pairs – and also of the so-called epigenetic mechanisms that control gene expression through the regulation of chromatin compactness. The epigenetic mechanisms operate through DNA methylation and/or the regulation of chromatin compactness. The present overview takes a look into the phenomenon of epigenesis. It summarizes how genetic crosses reveal the involvement of epigenesis, explains its meaning and impact on life of the organisms. An understanding of epigenesis provides guidance to improve our life. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(34): 1323–1330.
Scientific Thinking in Islamic Thought: Concept and its Importance
Authors: Azhar Alias
Published: August 2017

God’s revelations, as the main source of knowledge, do not deny, in any way our brain’s functional capabilities. The Quran acknowledges the necessity and importance of the brain. Islamic epistemology regards the brain as the second source of knowledge after the revelations. The holistic perspective on knowledge that is gained by mankind is that it is constructed by man in the context of their thinking culture, education and social concepts. Therefore, in this regard, thinking method directly relates to the objectives of Islam and its Sharia, and gives a significant implication towards understanding and developing Sharia as a dynamic knowledge area. This study combines three (3) methods, content analysis; historical method and comparison of the review of the history of the construction of Islamic thought and the review of screening methods Sociology Society background. The discussion this article covers the definition and concept of scientific thinking skills and scientific Islamic thought and the approaches of critical thinking in Islamic scientific thought. In reality, Muslims are not prohibited by their religion to think scientifically through scientific thinking methods, provided that it does not contradict with Islam. Some knowledge which is built through scientific thinking can be used to understand the Quranic texts more profoundly. Also, undeniably, the eminence of God’s revelations has been made evident and exploited to proof the existence of Allah.
Empowerment of Mustaḥiq Zakat Model Towards Business Independency
Authors: Hamzah Hamzah
Published: August 2017

Zakat has not been utilized intensively for the empowerment of mustaḥiq (zakat beneficiaries) in the form of productive economic business. The objective of the research was to analyze the level of mustaḥiqs’ business independency; to analyze dominant factors that influenced mustaḥiqs’ business independency, and to formulate an appropriate strategy to develop the mustaḥiqs’ business independency. The research has been carried out on 254 mustaḥiqs in Bogor Regency (66 mustaḥiqs engaged in vegetable production at Cibungbulang District, 85 mustaḥiqs in skewer business at Tenjolaya District, and 103 mustaḥiqs in shoe business at Taman Sari District). A census sampling, data collection through a questionnaire, an in-depth interview and observation were carried out in 2013. Data were analyzed descriptively and statistically, using structural equation model (SEM). The results of the research showed that: (1) the strategy of mustaḥiq empowerment could be carried out through strengthening the intrinsic motivation, training technical aspects, assisting business capital and assistance. Empowerment can be conducted synergically by the government (arrangement, service, and counseling), private sectors/State Owned Business (BUMN), higher education and community.
How the Bible Feels
Authors: Parmenter Dorina Miller
Published: August 2017

Despite Christian leaders’ insistence that what is important about the Bible are the messages of the text, throughout Christian history the Bible as a material object, engaged by the senses, frequently has been perceived to be an effective object able to protect its users from bodily harm. This paper explores several examples where Christians view their Bibles as protective shields, and will situate those interpretations within the history of the material uses of the Bible. It will also explore how recent studies in affect theory might add to the understanding of what is communicated through sensory engagement with the Bible.
Touching Books, Touching Art
Authors: Ganz David
Published: August 2017

This essay deals with the role of book decoration in a tactile approach to sacred texts in the Western Middle Ages. For a long time, books and artworks have been discussed as visual objects. Taking into account their intrinsic haptic qualities opens new ways to understand the contribution of the arts to the use of sacred texts in medieval Christianity.
Performance of blueberry cultivars under mild winter conditions
Authors: Medeiros José Gilberto Sousa , De Bona Claudine Maria , Cuquel Francine Lorena , Biasi Luiz Antonio
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT: Evaluation of yield performance is important to find the most adapted blueberry cultivars in a particular region. This research aimed to evaluate the flowering and hasvesting periods, the production per plant, and fruit quality of eight rabbiteye blueberry cultivars (Aliceblue, Bluebelle, Bluegem, Briteblue, Climax, Delite, Powderblue, and Woodard) and two highbush blueberries (Georgiagem and O’Neal), in mild winter conditions in Pinhais-PR. Flowering and harvesting periods, production, berry weight, size, pH, soluble solids, titratable acidity, ratio and color of the fruits were evaluated in the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 growing seasons, when the plants had two and three years old, respectively. Cultivars flowered from August to September, and harvest was concentrated in November and December. Berry weight, size, pH, soluble solids and acidity varied among the cultivars. The average ratios of 14.97 and 13.39 for each crop proved that the cultivars have good fruit quality. There was little variation in fruit color in the two years evaluated. Blueberry cultivars showed the staining characteristics and physical and chemical attributes of quality compatible to blueberry from other traditional regions. Under mild winter conditions, young plants of rabbiteye blueberry cultivars, Climax, Delite, Bluegem and Powderblue, are the most productive, while the highbusch cultivars bear few fruits.
PRODUTIVIDADE DO MILHETO EM TRÊS DENSIDADES DE SEMEADURA E DUAS ALTURAS DE CORTE
Authors: Trindade Josilene da Silva , Saenz Edgar Alain Collao , Dias Márcia , Banys Vera Lúcia , Dias Fernando Jose dos Santos , Pinheiro Alyson Andrade
Published: August 2017

Resumo Com o objetivo de avaliar a produção do milheto (Pennisetum glaucum (L.)) em diferentes densidades de semeadura e manejado em duas alturas de corte, foi realizado um experimento na Fazenda Experimental da Universidade Federal de Goiás, no período de março a julho (safrinha) após a colheita da soja. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos ao acaso em arranjo fatorial (3x2) com três densidades de semeadura (10, 15 e 20 kg.ha-1) e duas alturas de corte (50 e 70 cm). Os dados foram analisados no programa SAS versão 9.2, considerando-se o efeito de densidade na parcela e altura na subparcela. As médias foram comparadas pelo teste Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. A densidade de semeadura não influenciou (P<0,05) nas produções de massa verde e matéria seca (MS). O corte a 70 cm teve maior produção de MS por corte. Quando avaliada a produção total do período, não houve (P>0,05) influência da densidade de semeadura ou da altura de corte. Por não ter afetado a produção de MS e por permitir maior período de utilização da pastagem com menor gasto com sementes no plantio, recomenda-se a densidade de semeadura de 10 kg.ha-1 com corte do milheto aos 50 cm de altura.
INCIDENCE OF POSTURAL CHANGES AND TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDERS IN STUDENTS
Authors: Chaves Paulo de Jesus , Oliveira Franceane Esther Moreira de , Damázio Laila Cristina Moreira
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the incidence of postural changes and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in children and adolescents . Methods: We selected 117 individuals aged 10-18 years from a state school in the Zona da Mata region of Minas Gerais. The students were evaluated in four stages: assessment of body weight and height and calculation of body mass index; posture evaluation using a questionnaire developed by the researchers; application of a questionnaire recommended by the American Academy of Orofacial Pain to assess TMD; and, finally, application of the Fonseca anamnesis questionnaire . Results: Of our sample, 26.36% had no TMD, 50.9% had mild TMD, 21.8% moderate TMD, and 0.9% severe TMD. Of the participants with moderate or severe TMD (30.8%), about 56% had some kind of change in head positioning. We found that 88% of the children with moderate or severe TMD had changes in the shoulders . Conclusion: The postural changes found in the head and shoulders are related to the biomechanical adaptation of the muscles of mastication and consequent changes in the TMJ. Level Of Evidence Iii, Non-Consecutive Patient Study Without Gold Reference Standard Applied Uniformly.
Length-weight and length-length relationships for rockpool fishes on the Brazilian coast
Authors: Machado Fabiola Seabra , Oliveira Rory Romero de Sena , Silva Arianderson Texeira , Giarrizzo Tommaso
Published: August 2017

Abstract Fifty-nine length-weight (LWR) and length-length (LLR) relationships were estimated for 18 fish species, belonging to 10 families. The fish specimens were captured in rockpools of 21 sites along a stretch of 4,900 km of the Brazilian coast, between latitudes 00° and 22°S, in 2012. This study represents the first reference available for five fish species (Gobiesox barbatulus, Bathygobius geminatus, Labrisomus nuchipinnis, Malacoctenus delalandii, Lutjanus alexandrei) in LLR and six (Gobiesox barbatulus, Bathygobius geminatus, Hypleurochilus fissicornis, Omobranchus punctatus, Entomacrodus vomerinus, Diplodus argenteus) in LWR.