bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Epilepsy in POLG Related Disease
Authors: Hikmat Omar , Eichele Tom , Tzoulis Charalampos , Bindoff Laurence
Published: August 2017

Epilepsy is common in polymerase gamma (POLG) related disease and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Epileptiform discharges typically affect the occipital regions initially and focal seizures, commonly evolving to bilateral convulsive seizures which are the most common seizure types in both adults and children. Our work has shown that mtDNA depletion—i.e., the quantitative loss of mtDNA—in neurones is the earliest and most important factor of the subsequent development of cellular dysfunction. Loss of mtDNA leads to loss of mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) components that, in turn, progressively disables energy metabolism. This critically balanced neuronal energy metabolism leads to both a chronic and continuous attrition (i.e., neurodegeneration) and it leaves the neurone unable to cope with increased demand that can trigger a potentially catastrophic cycle that results in acute focal necrosis. We believe that it is the onset of epilepsy that triggers the cascade of damage. These events can be identified in the stepwise evolution that characterizes the clinical, Electroencephalography (EEG), neuro-imaging, and neuropathology findings. Early recognition with prompt and aggressive seizure management is vital and may play a role in modifying the epileptogenic process and improving survival.
An Adaptive Traffic Signal Control in a Connected Vehicle Environment: A Systematic Review
Authors: Jing Peng , Huang Hao , Chen Long
Published: August 2017

In the last few years, traffic congestion has become a growing concern due to increasing vehicle ownerships in urban areas. Intersections are one of the major bottlenecks that contribute to urban traffic congestion. Traditional traffic signal control systems cannot adjust the timing pattern depending on road traffic demand. This results in excessive delays for road users. Adaptive traffic signal control in a connected vehicle environment has shown a powerful ability to effectively alleviate urban traffic congestions to achieve desirable objectives (e.g., delay minimization). Connected vehicle technology, as an emerging technology, is a mobile data platform that enables the real-time data exchange among vehicles and between vehicles and infrastructure. Although several reviews about traffic signal control or connected vehicles have been written, a systemic review of adaptive traffic signal control in a connected vehicle environment has not been made. Twenty-six eligible studies searched from six databases constitute the review. A quality evaluation was established based on previous research instruments and applied to the current review. The purpose of this paper is to critically review the existing methods of adaptive traffic signal control in a connected vehicle environment and to compare the advantages or disadvantages of those methods. Further, a systematic framework on connected vehicle based adaptive traffic signal control is summarized to support the future research. Future research is needed to develop more efficient and generic adaptive traffic signal control methods in a connected vehicle environment.
N-Heterocyclic Carbene Coinage Metal Complexes Containing Naphthalimide Chromophore: Design, Structure, and Photophysical Properties
Authors: Lanoë Pierre-Henri , Najjari Btissam , Hallez Florine , Gontard Geoffrey , Amouri Hani
Published: August 2017

A series of novel N-heterocyclic carbene coinage metal complexes containing a naphthalimide (NI) chromophore has been prepared and fully characterized. Two types of molecules are described those where the NI unit is directly attached to the carbene unit with the general formulae [(L1)–M–X], M = Cu, X = Cl (1a); M = Ag, X = I (1b) and M = Au, X = Cl, (1c). While in the second family, a π-extended carbene ligand precursor L2–H+I− (3) was prepared where the NI unit is distant from the imidazole unit via a phenyl-alkyne bridge. Only two N-heterocyclic carbene metal complexes were prepared [(L2)–M–Cl], M = Cu (2a) and M = Au (2c). The related silver carbene compound could not be isolated. The molecular structure of the carbene complex 1c was determined and confirmed the formation of the target compound. Interestingly, the structure shows the presence of an aurophilic interaction Au···Au at 3.407 Å between two individual molecules. The photophysical properties of the compounds were investigated in solution at room temperature. Preliminary results suggested that all compounds are luminescent and act as blue emitters (420–451 nm). These transition emissions can be attributed to the intraligand origin of the NI chromphore. Moreover, the carbene complexes featuring L2 ligand with π-extended system were found to be more luminescent.
The Influence of Lead on Generation of Signalling Molecules and Accumulation of Flavonoids in Pea Seedlings in Response to Pea Aphid Infestation
Authors: Woźniak Agnieszka , Drzewiecka Kinga , Kęsy Jacek , Marczak Łukasz , Narożna Dorota , Grobela Marcin , Motała Rafał , Bocianowski Jan , Morkunas Iwona
Published: August 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an abiotic factor, i.e., lead at various concentrations (low causing a hormesis effect and causing high toxicity effects), on the generation of signalling molecules in pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Cysterski) seedlings and then during infestation by the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris). The second objective was to verify whether the presence of lead in pea seedling organs and induction of signalling pathways dependent on the concentration of this metal trigger defense responses to A. pisum. Therefore, the profile of flavonoids and expression levels of genes encoding enzymes of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway (phenylalanine ammonialyase and chalcone synthase) were determined. A significant accumulation of total salicylic acid (TSA) and abscisic acid (ABA) was recorded in the roots and leaves of pea seedlings growing on lead-supplemented medium and next during infestation by aphids. Increased generation of these phytohormones strongly enhanced the biosynthesis of flavonoids, including a phytoalexin, pisatin. This research provides insights into the cross-talk between the abiotic (lead) and biotic factor (aphid infestation) on the level of the generation of signalling molecules and their role in the induction of flavonoid biosynthesis.
Introduction to Special Issue “English Poetry and Christianity”
Authors: Hart Kevin
Published: August 2017

The hallowed scholarly area known as “Religion and Literature” has been seeking to expand itself, clarify itself, and even justify itself over the last decade or two.[...]
Differences in Vertical Jump Force-Time Characteristics between Stronger and Weaker Adolescent Basketball Players
Authors: Thomas Christopher , Kyriakidou Irene , Dos’Santos Thomas , Jones Paul
Published: August 2017

The countermovement jump (CMJ) and isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) are commonly used to compare one’s force capacity during dynamic and isometric assessments, respectively. However, little research has investigated the influence of maximum isometric strength on drop-jump (DJ) performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore differences in CMJ and DJ force-time characteristics between stronger and weaker adolescent male basketball players. Sixteen adolescent male basketball players performed the IMTP to assess measures of peak force (IMTP PF), whereas CMJ and DJ calculated a range of kinetic and kinematic variables. Peak concentric force (CMJ-PF) in the CMJ was greater for stronger players (d = 1.99). However, no differences in DJ force-time characteristics existed between stronger and weaker players. Future research should be undertaken to investigate the role of maximum strength on DJ force-time characteristics in adolescent male basketball players. Such studies may help direct the creation of athlete training and monitoring programs more effectively to represent accurate player profiling.
Origin and Evolution of Magnetic Field in PMS Stars: Influence of Rotation and Structural Changes
Authors: Emeriau-Viard Constance , Brun Allan Sacha
Published: August 2017

During stellar evolution, especially in the pre-main-sequence phase, stellar structure and rotation evolve significantly, causing major changes in the dynamics and global flows of the star. We wish to assess the consequences of these changes on stellar dynamo, internal magnetic field topology, and activity level. To do so, we have performed a series of 3D HD and MHD simulations with the ASH code. We choose five different models characterized by the radius of their radiative zone following an evolutionary track computed by a 1D stellar evolution code. These models characterized stellar evolution from 1 to 50 Myr. By introducing a seed magnetic field in the fully convective model and spreading its evolved state through all four remaining cases, we observe systematic variations in the dynamical properties and magnetic field amplitude and topology of the models. The five MHD simulations develop a strong dynamo field that can reach an equipartition state between the kinetic and magnetic energies and even superequipartition levels in the faster-rotating cases. We find that the magnetic field amplitude increases as it evolves toward the zero-age main sequence. Moreover, the magnetic field topology becomes more complex, with a decreasing axisymmetric component and a nonaxisymmetric one becoming predominant. The dipolar components decrease as the rotation rate and the size of the radiative core increase. The magnetic fields possess a mixed poloidal-toroidal topology with no obvious dominant component. Moreover, the relaxation of the vestige dynamo magnetic field within the radiative core is found to satisfy MHD stability criteria. Hence, it does not experience a global reconfiguration but slowly relaxes by retaining its mixed stable poloidal-toroidal topology.
HIFI Spectroscopy of H2O Submillimeter Lines in Nuclei of Actively Star-forming Galaxies
Authors: Liu L. , Weiß A. , Perez-Beaupuits J. P. , Güsten R. , Liu D. , Gao Y. , Menten K. M. , Werf P. van der , Israel F. P. , Harris A. , Martin-Pintado J. , Requena-Torres M. A. , Stutzki J.
Published: August 2017

We present a systematic survey of multiple velocity-resolved H2O spectra using Herschel/Heterodyne Instrument for the Far Infrared (HIFI) toward nine nearby actively star-forming galaxies. The ground-state and low-excitation lines (E
up ≤ 130 K) show profiles with emission and absorption blended together, while absorption-free medium-excitation lines (130 K ≤ E
up ≤ 350 K) typically display line shapes similar to CO. We analyze the HIFI observation together with archival SPIRE/PACS H2O data using a state-of-the-art 3D radiative transfer code that includes the interaction between continuum and line emission. The water excitation models are combined with information on the dust and CO spectral line energy distribution to determine the physical structure of the interstellar medium (ISM). We identify two ISM components that are common to all galaxies: a warm (

K), dense (

) phase that dominates the emission of medium-excitation H2O lines. This gas phase also dominates the far-IR emission and the CO intensities for

. In addition, a cold (

K), dense (

), more extended phase is present. It outputs the emission in the low-excitation H2O lines and typically also produces the prominent line absorption features. For the two ULIRGs in our sample (Arp 220 and Mrk 231) an even hotter and more compact (R
s ≤ 100 pc) region is present, which is possibly linked to AGN activity. We find that collisions dominate the water excitation in the cold gas and for lines with

K and

K in the warm and hot component, respectively. Higher-energy levels are mainly excited by IR pumping.
Anthropologie et pédagogie chez Tolstoï et Vygotski
Authors: Bernaz Oleg
Published: August 2017

Pour saisir l’originalité du schéma anthropologique inhérent à la théorie de la pédagogie chez Lev Vygotski, il faut montrer, d’une part, ce qu’il critique dans son champ de recherche, et, d’autre part, ce qui caractérise positivement son approche du développement. Les critiques de Vygotski à la pédagogie tolstoïenne permettent de faire ressortir les concepts clés du modèle anthropologique de sa conception de la pédagogie, également marquée par l’apport de la philosophie du langage de Valentin Voloshinov. Ces analyses débouchent sur le constat de l’actualité du concept vygotskien de « zone prochaine de développement ».
Neuroendocrine Modulation of IL-27 in Macrophages
Authors: Roewe Julian , Higer Maximilian , Riehl Dennis R. , Gericke Adrian , Radsak Markus P. , Bosmann Markus
Published: August 2017

Heterodimeric IL-27 (p28/EBV-induced gene 3) is an important member of the IL-6/IL-12 cytokine family. IL-27 is predominantly synthesized by mononuclear phagocytes and exerts immunoregulatory functional activities on lymphocytic and nonlymphocytic cells during infection, autoimmunity or neoplasms. There is a great body of evidence on the bidirectional interplay between the autonomic nervous system and immune responses during inflammatory disorders, but so far IL-27 has not been defined as a part of these multifaceted neuroendocrine networks. In this study, we describe the role of catecholamines (as mediators of the sympathetic nervous system) related to IL-27 production in primary mouse macrophages. Noradrenaline and adrenaline dose-dependently suppressed the release of IL-27p28 in LPS/TLR4-activated macrophages, which was independent of α1 adrenoceptors. Instead, β2 adrenoceptor activation was responsible for mediating gene silencing of IL-27p28 and EBV-induced gene 3. The β2 adrenoceptor agonists formoterol and salbutamol mediated suppression of IL-27p28 production, when triggered by zymosan/TLR2, LPS/TLR4, or R848/TLR7/8 activation, but selectively spared the polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid/TLR3 pathway. Mechanistically, β2 adrenergic signaling reinforced an autocrine feedback loop of macrophage-derived IL-10 and this synergized with inhibition of the JNK pathway for limiting IL-27p28. The JNK inhibitors SP600125 and AEG3482 strongly decreased intracellular IL-27p28 in F4/80+CD11b+ macrophages. In endotoxic shock of C57BL/6J mice, pharmacologic activation of β2 adrenoceptors improved the severity of shock, including hypothermia and decreased circulating IL-27p28. Conversely, IL-27p28 was 2.7-fold increased by removal of the catecholamine-producing adrenal glands prior to endotoxic shock. These data suggest a novel role of the sympathetic neuroendocrine system for the modulation of IL-27–dependent acute inflammation.
The 'Australian' Community: Bound for more of the Same?
Authors: McAllan Fiona
Published: August 2017

In this paper I interrogate why a nation grounded with an overarching assumption of a unified community is increasingly being confronted with ruptures, breaches and anomalies when it comes to indigenous inclusion. I search the intersections of current political rhetoric and indigenous relations to uncover an entrenched colonialism in relation to this inclusion. Following Nancy’s notion of partage, which connotes a sharing while sharing out, and the structure of ‘engaging with’ rather than ‘deciding for’, I sketch an originary relation of ethos that questions the material effects of a community homogenously bounded by ownership and entrepreneurialism .
Direct observation of molecular clusters and nucleation
mode particles in the Amazon
Authors: Wimmer Daniela , Buenrostro Mazon Stephany , Manninen Hanna Elina , Kangasluoma Juha , Franchin Alessandro , Nieminen Tuomo , Backmann John , Wang Jian , Kuang Chongai , Krejci Radovan , Brito Joel , Goncalves Morais Fernando , Martin Scot Turnbull , Artaxo Paulo , Kulmala Markku , Kerminen Veli-Matti , Petäjä Tuukka
Published: August 2017

Abstract. We investigated atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) in the Amazon rainforest using direct measurement methods. The occurrence of NPF on ground level in the Amazon region has not been observed previously in pristine conditions. Our measurements extended to two field sites and two tropical seasons (wet and dry). We measured the variability of air ion concentrations (0.8–20 nm) with an ion spectrometer between 2011 and 2014 at the T0t site and between February and October 2014 at the GoAmazon 2014/5 T3 site. The main difference between the two sites is their geographical location. Both sites are influenced by the Manaus pollution plume yet with different frequencies. T0t is reached by the pollution about 1 day in 7, where the T3 site is about 15 % of the time affected by Manaus. The sampling was performed at ground level at both sites. At T0t the instrumentation was located inside the rainforest, whereas the T3 site was an open pasture site. T0t site is mostly parallel wind to Manaus, whereas T3 site is downwind of Manaus. No NPF events were observed inside the rainforest canopy (site T0t) at ground level during the period Sep 2011–Jan 2014. However, rain-induced ion and particle bursts (hereafter, “rain events”) occurred frequently (306/529 days) at T0t throughout the year but most frequently between January and April (wet season). Rain events increased nucleation mode (2–20 nm) particle and ion concentrations on the order of 104 cm−3. We observed 8 NPF events at the pasture site during the wet season. We calculated the growth rates (GR) and formation rates of neutral particles and ions for the size ranges 2–3 nm, 3–7 nm and 7–20 nm using the ion spectrometer data. One explanation for the absence of new particle formation events at the T0t site could be a combination of cleaner airmasses and the rainforest canopy acting as an ‘umbrella’, hindering the mixing of the airmasses down to the measurement height. Neutral particle growth rates in the 3–7 nm regime showed two phenomena. Growth rates were either about 2 nm h−1 or about 14 nm h−1. There was no clear difference in the sulfuric acid concentrations for NPF days vs days without NPF. Back trajectory calculations show different airmass origin for the NPF days compared to non NPF days.
NETWORK DESIGN IN CLOSE-RANGE PHOTOGRAMMETRY WITH SHORT BASELINE IMAGES
Authors: Barazzetti L.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The avaibility of automated software for image-based 3D modelling has changed the way people acquire images for photogrammetric applications. Short baseline images are required to match image points with SIFT-like algorithms, obtaining more images than those necessary for “old fashioned” photogrammetric projects based on manual measurements. This paper describes some considerations on network design for short baseline image sequences, especially on precision and reliability of bundle adjustment. Simulated results reveal that the large number of 3D points used for image orientation has very limited impact on network precision.
THE VAST PROJECT: VALORISATION OF HISTORY AND LANDSCAPE FOR PROMOTING THE MEMORY OF WWI
Authors: Nocerino E. , Menna F. , Morabito D. , Remondino F. , Toschi I. , Abate D. , Ebolese D. , Farella E. , Fiorillo F. , Minto S. , Rodríguez-Gonzálvez P. , Slongo C. , Speraj M. G.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The VAST (valorisation of history and landscape) project (http://vast.fbk.eu/) was part of the initiatives promoted by the Autonomous Province of Trento (Italy) for the commemoration of the 100th Anniversary of the First World War (WWI) outbreak. The project was primarily aimed to document and promote, through 3D digitization approaches and communication material, the memory of sites, theatre of the world conflict. The Italian Trento’s province had been under the Austro–Hungarian Empire until the end of the WWI, during which represented a crucial and bloody war front between the Austrian and Italian territories. The region was constellated of military fortresses, trenches and tunnels, most of them now ruined and at risk to slowly disappear. 3D surveying and modelling techniques have been exploited to produce 3D digital models of structures and objects, along with virtual tours, communication material and a WebGIS of the area. All the products are available on the web for valorisation, educational and communication purposes.
DIGITAL RECORDING AND NON-DESTRUCTIVE TECHNIQUES FOR THE UNDERSTANDING OF STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE FOR REHABILITATING HISTORIC STRUCTURES AT THE KATHMANDU VALLEY AFTER GORKHA EARTHQUAKE 2015
Authors: Shrestha S. , Reina Ortiz M. , Gutland M. , Napolitano R. , Morris I. M. , Santana Quintero M. , Erochko J. , Kawan S. , Shrestha R. G. , Awal P. , Suwal S. , Duwal S. , Maharjan D. K.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. On 25 April 2015, the Gorkha earthquake of magnitude 7.8, severely damaged the cultural heritage sites of Nepal. In particular, the seven monument zones of the Kathmandu Valley World Heritage Site suffered extensive damage. Out of 195 surveyed monuments, 38 have completely collapsed and 157 partially damaged (DoA, 2015). In particular, the world historic city of Bhaktapur was heavily affected by the earthquake. There is, in general, a lack of knowledge regarding the traditional construction technology used in many of the most important temple monuments in Bhaktapur. To address this limitation and to assist in reconstruction and rehabilitation of the area, this study documents the existing condition of different historic structures in the Kathmandu Valley. In particular, the Nyatapola Temple is studied in detail. To record and document the condition of this temple, a combination of laser scanning and terrestrial and aerial photogrammetry are used. By also including evaluation of the temple and its supporting plinth structure using non-destructive evaluation techniques like geo-radar and micro-tremor dynamic analysis, this study will form the basis of a structural analysis study to assess the anticipated future seismic performance of the Nyatapola Temple.
Enhancing CIDOC-CRM and compatible models with the concept of multiple interpretation
Authors: Van Ruymbeke M. , Hallot P. , Billen R.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Modelling cultural heritage and archaeological objects is used as much for management as for research purposes. To ensure the sustainable benefit of digital data, models benefit from taking the data specificities of historical and archaeological domains into account. Starting from a conceptual model tailored to storing these specificities, we present, in this paper, an extended mapping to CIDOC-CRM and its compatible models. Offering an ideal framework to structure and highlight the best modelling practices, these ontologies are essentially dedicated to storing semantic data which provides information about cultural heritage objects. Based on this standard, our proposal focuses on multiple interpretation and sequential reality.
DOCUMENTING THE IMPACT OF SOCIOECONOMIC DYNAMICS ON HERITAGE
SITES. THE CASE OF VISTA ALEGRE DISTRICT IN SANTIAGO DE CUBA
Authors: Caballero L. B. , Castillo M. M. , Van Balen K.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Recent policies adopted in Cuba are producing a significant turn into the country’s socioeconomic dynamics. Past shifting circumstances have demonstrated the positive and negative implications on heritage sites. In this regard, this paper presents a first stage of a research project aimed at monitoring the impact of socioeconomic dynamics on local heritage sites. The research partial results focus on the documentation of the evolution of a case study: Vista Alegre District in the city of Santiago de Cuba. Scholars have noted that the District’s urban design and historic building stock represent its most significant heritage values. Such qualities are under permanent threat due to transformations and deterioration. In order to analyse current site condition, and to understand transformations as a result of socioeconomic dynamics, a Geographic Information System (GIS) was implemented as a monitoring and documenting tool. The GIS allowed integrating data related to the evolution of the urban layout, and the heritage buildings. Data was sourced from heritage management and urban planning offices, as well as from previous studies on the site. In addition, the analysis of remote sensing imagery, and a field survey helped to update the existing records, and to include new information with the purpose of assessing the integrity of heritage values. At this stage, maps that describe the site evolution, the significant changes over time, and the alterations to character defining elements served to identify sectors of different scenic qualities. Results are essential to contribute to draft management strategies as part of decision making.
DATA-DRIVEN RIGHTSIZING: INTEGRATING PRESERVATION INTO THE LEGACY CITIES LANDSCAPE
Authors: Evans E. , Grosicki B.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Legacy cities, whose built environments are undergoing transformations due to population loss, are at a critical juncture in their urban history and the historic preservation field has an important role to play. Rapid mobile surveys provide an opportunity for data collection that expands beyond traditional historic criteria, and positions preservationists to be proactive decision-makers and to align with multi-disciplinary partners. Rapid mobile surveys are being utilized in conjunction with in-depth data analysis of comprehensive livability metrics at the parcel, neighborhood, and citywide levels to develop recommendations for reactivating vacant properties. Historic preservationists are spearheading these efforts through a tool called Relocal, which uses 70–85 distinct metrics and a community priority survey to generate parcel-level recommendations for every vacant lot and vacant building in the areas in which it is applied. Local volunteer-led rapid mobile surveys are key to gathering on-the-ground, real-time metrics that serve as Relocal’s foundation. These new survey techniques generate usable data sets for historic preservation practitioners, land banks, planners, and other entities to inform strategic rightsizing decisions across legacy cities.
A 3D BASED APPROACH TO THE ARCHITECTURAL STUDY OF THE ROMAN BATH AT THE SANCTUARY OF APOLLO HYLATES (KOURION, CYPRUS).
Authors: Faka M. , Christodoulou S. , Abate D. , Ioannou C. , Hermon S.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Roman baths represented a popular social practice of everyday life, cited in numerous literary sources and testified by ample archaeological remains all over the Roman Empire. Although regional studies have contributed extensively to our knowledge about how baths functioned and what was their social role in various regions of the Mediterranean, their study in Cyprus is yet to be developed. Moreover, despite the increasing availability of devices and techniques for 3D documentation, various characteristics, especially in relation to the heating and water supply system of the baths, were omitted and were not properly and accurately documented. The pilot case study outlined in this paper presents the 3D documentation of the Roman bath, excavated in the 1950s, within the area of the Sanctuary of Apollo Hylates at Kourion (Limassol district). The creation of an accurate 3D model of the documented area through image and range based techniques combined with topographic data, allows the detailed analysis of architectural elements and their decorative features. At the same time, it enables accurate measurements of the site, which are used as input for the archaeological interpretation and virtual reconstruction of the original shape of the bath. In addition, this project aims to answer a number of archaeological research questions related to Roman baths such as their architectural features, function mode, and technological elements related to heating techniques.
LINE-DRAWING ENHANCED INTERACTIVE MURAL RESTORATION FOR
DUNHUANG MOGAO GROTTOES
Authors: Fu X. Y. , Han Y. , Sun Z. J. , Ma X. J. , Xu Y. Q.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes in western China is one of the most famous World Cultural Heritage Sites, known for its glorious Chinese Buddhist art spanning a period of 1,000 years. However, it has been suffering from damage and degradation caused by man-made and natural factors. In this article, we present a novel line-drawing enhanced interactive system for digital restoration of damaged murals in Mogao Grottoes. Our system consists of four components, namely data pre-processing, damaged area selection, line-drawing segmentation, and mural restoration. Each component is a hybrid of efficient algorithms and user interactions. We introduce the infrastructure and process of using our system, from data capture and collection, database establishment, to interactive restoration. We conduct a user study with 15 participants who have varied experiences with and skills on repairing murals and editing images. Results and feedback suggest that our system can achieve satisfactory restoration results without overburdening the users. It can benefit both experts trained in restoration and amateurs interested in cultural heritage conservation.
PROJECT ANQA: DIGITIZING AND DOCUMENTING CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE MIDDLE EAST
Authors: Akhtar S. , Akoglu G. , Simon S. , Rushmeier H.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The practice of digitizing cultural heritage sites is gaining ground among conservation scientists and scholars in architecture, art history, computer science, and related fields. Recently, the location of such sites in areas of intense conflict has highlighted the urgent need for documenting cultural heritage for the purposes of preservation and posterity. The complex histories of such sites requires more than just their digitization, and should also include the meaningful interpretation of buildings and their surroundings with respect to context and intangible values. Project Anqa is an interdisciplinary and multi-partner effort that goes beyond simple digitization to record at-risk heritage sites throughout the Middle East and Saharan Africa, most notably in Syria and Iraq, before they are altered or destroyed. Through a collaborative process, Anqa assembles documentation, historically contextualizes it, and makes data accessible and useful for scholars, peers, and the wider public through state-of-the-art tools. The aim of the project is to engage in capacity-building on the ground in Syria and Iraq, as well as to create an educational web platform that informs viewers about cultural heritage in the region through research, digital storytelling, and the experience of virtual environments.
THE DIGITAL VON FAHRENHEID PYRAMID
Authors: Bura M. , Janowski J. , Wężyk P. , Zięba K.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. 3D Scanners Lab from Digital Humanities Laboratory at the University of Warsaw initiated the scientific project, the purpose of which was to call attention to systematically penetrated and devastated pyramid-shaped tomb from the XVIII/XIX century, of family von Fahrenheid in Rapa in Banie Mazurskie commune (NE Poland). By conducting a series of non-invasive studies, such as 3D inventory using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), thermal imaging, georadar measurements (around and inside the tomb) and anthropological research of mummified remains as well - the complete dataset was collected. Through the integration of terrestrial (TLS) and airborne laser scanning (ALS) authors managed to analyse the surroundings of Fahrenheid pyriamid and influence of some objects (like trees) on the condition and visibility of the Pyramids in the landscape.
DIGITAL DOCUMENTATION OF SHIPS IN CULTURAL HERITAGE:
A EUROPEAN REVIEW
Authors: Colson A.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Ships of different shapes and times are lying in harbours, on land or in museums, all over the world. Our aim with this paper was to review work done on digital documentation of ships in Cultural Heritage based on different initiatives in Europe using Coordinate Measuring Machine (Newport Ship and Doel 1); Total Station Theodolite (Vasa and Mary-Rose) and Laser scanning (LaScanMar and Traditional boats of Ireland). Our results showed that some discrepancy exist between the projects, in terms of techniques and expertise at hand. Furthermore, few guidelines have been in practice but only for Archaeology and Ethnology. However, no standards are existing. Three focuses have emerged: documentation of single ship elements, monitoring of the long-term deformation processes and the documentation of collections of ships. We discussed the diversity of expert’s background and the complexity of comparability between projects. In conclusion, guidelines are necessary to enable a common ground for all professions to work together, e.g. in Architecture. This path must be taken now for digital documentation of ships, if not information and knowledge will be lost on the way.
UAV PHOTGRAMMETRIC WORKFLOWS: A BEST PRACTICE GUIDELINE
Authors: Federman A. , Santana Quintero M. , Kretz S. , Gregg J. , Lengies M. , Ouimet C. , Laliberte J.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The increasing commercialization of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has opened the possibility of performing low-cost aerial image acquisition for the documentation of cultural heritage sites through UAV photogrammetry. The flying of UAVs in Canada is regulated through Transport Canada and requires a Special Flight Operations Certificate (SFOC) in order to fly. Various image acquisition techniques have been explored in this review, as well as well software used to register the data. A general workflow procedure has been formulated based off of the literature reviewed. A case study example of using UAV photogrammetry at Prince of Wales Fort is discussed, specifically in relation to the data acquisition and processing. Some gaps in the literature reviewed highlight the need for streamlining the SFOC application process, and incorporating UAVs into cultural heritage documentation courses.
FROM METRIC IMAGE ARCHIVES TO POINT CLOUD RECONSTRUCTION:
CASE STUDY OF THE GREAT MOSQUE OF ALEPPO IN SYRIA
Authors: Grussenmeyer P. , Al Khalil O.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The paper presents photogrammetric archives from Aleppo (Syria), collected between 1999 and 2002 by the Committee for maintenance and restoration of the Great Mosque in partnership with the Engineering Unit of the University of Aleppo. During that period, terrestrial photogrammetric data and geodetic surveys of the Great Omayyad mosque were recorded for documentation purposes and geotechnical studies. During the recent war in Syria, the Mosque has unfortunately been seriously damaged and its minaret has been completely destroyed. The paper presents a summary of the documentation available from the past projects as well as solutions of 3D reconstruction based on the processing of the photogrammetric archives with the latest 3D image-based techniques.
FROM TLS SURVEY TO 3D SOLID MODELING FOR DOCUMENTATION OF BUILT
HERITAGE: THE CASE STUDY OF PORTA SAVONAROLA IN PADUA
Authors: Guarnieri A. , Fissore F. , Masiero A. , Vettore A.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. It is a matter of fact that 3D visualisation and proper documentation of cultural objects helps to preserve the history and memories of historic buildings, archaeological sites and cultural landscapes, and supports economic growth by stimulating cultural tourism. Preservation, visualisation and recreation of valuable historical and architectural objects and places has always been a serious challenge for specialists in the field. Today, the rapid developments in the fields of close-range photogrammetry, terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and computer vision (CV) enable to carry out highly accurate 3D models so as to be extremely effective and intuitive for users who have stringent requirements and high expectations. In this note we present the results of the survey and 3D modeling of an ancient gate, Porta Savonarola, located within the remains of the medieval town walls surrounding the historical city center of Padua, Italy. The work has been undertaken within the framework of the project “Walls Multimedia Museum” (WMM) promoted by the local private association “Padua Walls Committee”. The goal of the project was to develop a prototype of an “extended” virtual museum, spreaded along most interesting locations of the town walls. The survey of the ancient gate was performed with a Leica C10 and P20 terrestrial laser scanners. Once the acquired scans were properly merged together, a solid model was generated from the global point cloud, and plans and elevations were extracted from it for restoration purposes. A short multimedia video was also created for the “Walls Multimedia Museum”, showing both the outer and inner part of the gate. In the paper we will discuss all the steps and challenges addressed to provide the 3D solid model of Porta Savonarola from the TLS data.
3D VISUALIZATION OF A TIMBER FRAME HISTORIC BUILDING:
PARTITE USAGE AND ITS IMPACT ON THE STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
Authors: Günay S.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Throughout their lifetime, historic buildings might be altered for different kind of usage for different purposes. If this new function or new usage requires utilization of the building in separate units, this separation might affect the historic building’s functionality and structure and as a result its overall condition. Yorguc Pasa Mansion conservation project was prepared as a part of the Middle East Technical University (METU) Master’s Program in Documentation and Conservation of Historic Monuments and Sites for the historic Yorguc Pasa Mansion. The mansion is a 19th century Ottoman Period timber frame building in Amasya, a Black Sea Region city in Turkey that has traces from different civilizations such as Hittites, Greeks, Romans and Ottomans. This paper aims to discuss the affects of the partite usage on structural conditions of timber frame buildings with the case study of Amasya Yorguc Pasa Mansion through the 3D visualized structural systems.
DIGITAL WORKFLOWS FOR A 3D SEMANTIC REPRESENTATION OF AN ANCIENT MINING LANDSCAPE
Authors: Hiebel G. , Hanke K.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The ancient mining landscape of Schwaz/Brixlegg in the Tyrol, Austria witnessed mining from prehistoric times to modern times creating a first order cultural landscape when it comes to one of the most important inventions in human history: the production of metal. In 1991 a part of this landscape was lost due to an enormous landslide that reshaped part of the mountain. With our work we want to propose a digital workflow to create a 3D semantic representation of this ancient mining landscape with its mining structures to preserve it for posterity. First, we define a conceptual model to integrate the data. It is based on the CIDOC CRM ontology and CRMgeo for geometric data. To transform our information sources to a formal representation of the classes and properties of the ontology we applied semantic web technologies and created a knowledge graph in RDF (Resource Description Framework). Through the CRMgeo extension coordinate information of mining features can be integrated into the RDF graph and thus related to the detailed digital elevation model that may be visualized together with the mining structures using Geoinformation systems or 3D visualization tools. The RDF network of the triple store can be queried using the SPARQL query language. We created a snapshot of mining, settlement and burial sites in the Bronze Age. The results of the query were loaded into a Geoinformation system and a visualization of known bronze age sites related to mining, settlement and burial activities was created.
FROM SFM TO 3D PRINT: AUTOMATED WORKFLOW ADDRESSED TO PRACTITIONER AIMED AT THE CONSERVATION AND RESTAURATION
Authors: Inzerillo L. , Di Paola F.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. In In the last years there has been an increasing use of digital techniques for conservation and restoration purposes. Among these, a very dominant rule is played by the use of digital photogrammetry packages (Agisoft Photoscan, 3D Zephir) which allow to obtain in few steps 3D textured models of real objects. Combined with digital documentation technologies digital fabrication technologies can be employed in a variety of ways to assist in heritage documentation, conservation and dissemination. This paper will give to practitioners an overview on the state of the art available technologies and a feasible workflow for optimizing point cloud and polygon mesh datasets for the purpose of fabrication using 3D printing. The goal is to give an important contribute to confer an automation aspect at the whole processing. We tried to individuate a workflow that should be applicable to several types of cases apart from small precautions. In our experimentation we used a DELTA WASP 2040 printer with PLA easyfil.
DIGITAL DOCUMENTATION OF FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT’S MASTERPIECE,
FALLINGWATER
Authors: Jerome P. , Emilio D.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Since 1988, the professional staff of Architectural Preservation Studio (APS) has been involved with the conservation of Frank Lloyd Wright’s Fallingwater in Mill Run, PA. Designed and erected from 1935 to 1939 as a weekend home for the Kauffman family, the complex consists of the main house and guest house. After five years of reports and prototype repairs, we produced a two-volume master plan. Using original Frank Lloyd Wright drawings from Avery Library as background drawings, we measured every surface and reproduced the drawings in CAD, also developing elevations of every room. Stone-by-stone drawings of every flagstone floor and terrace scheduled to be lifted were also created using overlapping film photography that was assembled into a photo mosaic. By 2005, we designed, administered and completed a four-phase exterior restoration, with the paint-stripping and repainting of interior rooms being performed during the brief winter period when the building is closed to the public on an ongoing basis. In 2016, we were invited back to the site to review conditions and advise on routine maintenance. At that time we proposed to re-document the buildings, this time using laser-scanning. Laser-scanning of the exterior was performed in May of 2016, and of the interior in March 2017, each over the course of four days. This paper will make a comparison between manual and digital techniques in terms of Fallingwater’s documentation.
3D RECORDING AND MODELLING OF MIDDLE-AGE FORTRESS IN DENSE
VEGETATION ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Koehl M. , Courtois Y. , Guillemin S.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The Schwartzenbourg castle is a Middle-Ages fortress which was built in 1261. It is situated above the valley of Munster in Alsace, France. It was mainly used as a fortified place and a jail. In the early 15th century, the structure has deteriorated. Even after some repairs, it fell into ruins during the Thirty Years’ war (1618-1648) and stayed uninhabited. During World War I, the German army used the place as a vantage point and also built a blockhouse inside the ruins. Nowadays, the ruins are gradually collapsing and the remains of the old walls are completely covered by thick plants. The goal of this project was to create a 3D-model of the site before closing its access, which became too dangerous for people. This modelling is divided into two elements: on one hand, a digital terrain model (DTM) of the site in order to replace the castle and to analyze the background of its original environment; on the other hand, a 3D modelling of the ruins of the castle invaded by the vegetation. Indeed, the main difficulty of the measurement is obviously the dense vegetation which hides the castle. Held back for years outside the castle, it has now become an integral part of the ruins. This vegetation is finally today usually the first threat of heritage buildings. After a preliminary inspection of the site as well as difficulties of the project, the first step consisted of the survey of the whole environment of the site. We will therefore describe the different phases of the survey with the initial implementation of a georeferenced network on site. We will present the terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) surveys, then complementary surveys carried out by aerial photogrammetry. To be implemented, we had to wait for an advanced autumn in order to have as few leaves on trees as possible. The major step of processing of point clouds described in this paper is then the extraction of a DTM by using techniques to pass through the vegetation, or better to segment the points into different classes, one of these that would be the soil i.e. DTM, another consists into wall parts of the ruins.
BUILDING A NATIONAL HERITAGE REGISTRY FOR THE SUDAN: THE FRIEDRICH
W. HINKEL ARCHIVE DIGITIZATION PROJECT
Authors: Lawrenz S.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The Republic of the Sudan is home to outstanding and diverse cultural heritage ranging from Neolithic sites of human activity and settlement to historic sites of the 19th and 20th century. While certain phases of the Sudan’s cultural heritage such as the period of Egyptian influence during the second and first millennium B.C. have been the focus of archaeological research since the 19th century, other aspects of the country’s rich history have remained largely unknown locally and internationally due to a lack of documentation and registration of such sites. Since 2014, the German Archaeological Institute (DAI) has been engaged in an effort to support the creation of a national heritage registry in close cooperation with the National Corporation for Antiquities and Museums (NCAM) by digitizing the archive of German architect Friedrich W. Hinkel and engaging in capacity building measures focusing on analog and digital data curation. The archive contains structured information (photos, drawings, maps and assembled written documentation) regarding over 14,000 archaeological and historical sites in the Sudan using an alphanumeric coding system that allows for easy integration of data in a digital environment such as the DAI’s IT infrastructure, the iDAI.world. As such the data assembled by Hinkel will serve as the basis of the national heritage registry currently in development.
3D TEXTURED MODELLING OF BOTH EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR OF KOREAN STYLED ARCHITECTURES
Authors: Lee J.-D. , Bhang K.-J. , Schuhr W.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. This paper describes 3D modelling procedure of two Korean styled architectures which were performed through a series of processing from data acquired with the terrestrial laser scanner. These two case projects illustate the use of terrestrial laser scanner as a digital documentation tool for management, conservation and restoration of the cultural assets. We showed an approach to automate reconstruction of both the outside and inside models of a building from laser scanning data. Laser scanning technology is much more efficient than existing photogrammetry in measuring shape and constructing spatial database for preservation and restoration of cultural assets as well as for deformation monitoring and safety diagnosis of structures.