bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hepatotoxic effect of Rifampicin as an Anti-Tuberculosis drug on male Albino rat
Authors: Maiti Swatilekha , Parua Saswati , Nandi Dilip Kumar , Mondal Keshab Chandra , Samanta Saptadip
Published: December 2019

Tuberculosis is one of the serious airborne infectious diseases. Rifampicin is commonly used as anti-tuberculosis drug which creates drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Physiologically, liver maintains metabolic homeostasis and also regulates the detoxification process. The study of rifampicin mediated hepatotoxicity had been performed on male albino rat after its oral administration with a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight/day for 14 days. Several biochemical markers like serum glutamate pyruvate tranaminase (AST), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), serum total protein, serum bilirubin, serum cholesterol were considered to evaluate the toxicity. Significant elevation of level of AST (115.89%), ALT (134.40%), ALP (46.15%), serum cholesterol (91%) and bilirubin content (119.44%) had been observed in treated group compared with control group. High level of MDA content as lipid peroxidation marker was also been noticed in drug induced group. Histopathological studies had shown the disintegrated hepatolobular structure with dilated central vein. All these findings indicated that the selected dose of rifampicin is hepatotoxic; proper monitoring and care are essential during the treatment of tuberculosis.
Keywords: rifampicin; hepatoxicity; anti-tuberculosis
O espaço e o lugar das cidades médias na rede urbana brasileira
Authors: Scherer Clauber Eduardo Marchezan , Do Amaral Pedro Vasconcelos Maia
Published: December 2019

Partindo da hipótese de que o tamanho da população é um fator insuficiente para capturar a inserção dos centros urbanos nos diferentes níveis hierárquicos da rede de cidades, analisa-se o caso recente do Brasil – 2000 e 2010. É dado destaque para as categorias nas posições intermediárias da rede, as cidades médias, centros para os quais ainda se tem um conhecimento limitado sobre seu papel na rede brasileira. Para isso, utiliza-se a composição de empregos das cidades em setores-chaves e aplicam-se explorações empíricas que combinam técnicas de análise multivariadas baseada em agrupamentos. Como resultado, percebe-se uma continuidade da interiorização da rede – já constatada para recortes temporais anteriores –, porém com maior intensidade nas regiões Norte e Nordeste, onde houve aumento expressivo do número de centros urbanos nos níveis intermediários da rede, especialmente nos grupos que dizem respeito às cidades médias.ades médias.
Políticas de promoción a la agricultura familiar en la zona periurbana de Río Gallegos (2007 – 2017). Un análisis desde el punto de vista de los derechos humanos
Authors: Musci Carolina , Mansilla Claudia , Lipka Gina , Cárcamo Yamile
Published: December 2019

El objetivo del trabajo es identificar y valorar la política pública vigente en la ciudad de Río Gallegos, en relación con la promoción de la agricultura familiar entre los años 2007 – 2017. La indagación identifica los programas y planes vigentes durante ese período, sus objetivos y las instituciones involucradas en esta actividad. Para ello se realizó un relevamiento de planes, programas y documentos institucionales, fichaje y sistematización de la información obtenida para su posterior análisis. Este análisis se orienta a determinar la pertinencia de la oferta  de la política pública para alcanzar las metas definidas por el Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible 2: Hambre cero, de la Agenda de Desarrollo Sostenible 2030,  y a calificarla en relación con algunos indicadores de Capacidad estatal propuestos por el Grupo de Trabajo para la medición del Protocolo de San Salvador. De esta manera se pretende  generar conocimiento útil, respaldado en información empírica, que potencialmente ayude a mejorar la formulación de propuestas en las agendas de gobierno municipal y provincial, que sean cada vez más acordes con los estándares que definen los Pactos y Tratados internacionales para el cumplimiento efectivo de los derechos humanos.
Políticas públicas, educación secundaria y desigualdad. Un estudio en zona norte de Santa Cruz
Authors: Almada María Laura , Bang Lucas , Cestare Mariela , Grinberg Silvia , Pérez Andrés , Venturini María Eugenia , Villagran Carla
Published: December 2019

El papel del Estado es, sin duda, clave en lo que refiere al despliegue de los recursos que una sociedad requiere para atender las demandas, contingencias y necesidades de la población. El Estado toma posición respecto de las cuestiones públicas que afectan el bienestar de la ciudadanía en escenarios donde esas demandas no sólo no son transparentes sino que son objeto de lucha. La pregunta por las políticas públicas refiere a la secuencia de posiciones y acciones de las agencias gubernamentales y burocráticas que actúan en nombre del Estado con relación a esas demandas que conforman la agenda pública (Oszlak, 2006). Es en este marco de debates que esta investigación se propuso el estudio de las políticas públicas de la educación secundaria. Específicamente nos hemos ocupado de la puesta en acto (Ball, Maguire & Braun, 2012; Bocchio, Grinberg y Villagran, 2016; Villagran, 2018) de un conjunto de políticas  en su devenir institucional atendiendo a la desigualdad y fragmentación urbana en la zona norte de Santa Cruz, especialmente Caleta Olivia. Este trabajo involucró tres momentos de investigación: 1) la georeferencia de la información estadística en el espacio urbano de los establecimientos educativos  por radios censales y Necesidades Básicas Insatisfechas (NBI) según Censo  Nacional de Población, Hogares y Viviendas 2010, que dieron lugar a la confección de mapas socioeducativos mediante QGis; 2) encuestas a estudiantes y 3) entrevistas en profundidad en algunas escuelas seleccionadas según criterios de desigualdad urbana y escolar. En este trabajo nos enfocamos en las políticas públicas en educación secundaria y su puesta en acto de la vida escolar, atendiendo a la desigualdad urbana y a haciendo eje en las visiones de los estudiantes. En esta primera etapa del trabajo realizado nos hemos ocupado, dado su impacto en la vida escolar en los últimos cinco años, de algunas dimensiones de esas políticas que refieren a las nuevas regulaciones en la escolaridad secundaria y más específicamente en las dinámicas de las escuelas emplazadas en las áreas con mayor  NBI de la localidad.
Optimizing Quantum Error Correction Codes with Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Nautrup Hendrik Poulsen , Delfosse Nicolas , Dunjko Vedran , Briegel Hans J. , Friis Nicolai
Published: December 2019

Quantum error correction is widely thought to be the key to fault-tolerant quantum computation. However, determining the most suited encoding for unknown error channels or specific laboratory setups is highly challenging. Here, we present a reinforcement learning framework for optimizing and fault-tolerantly adapting quantum error correction codes. We consider a reinforcement learning agent tasked with modifying a family of surface code quantum memories until a desired logical error rate is reached. Using efficient simulations with about 70 data qubits with arbitrary connectivity, we demonstrate that such a reinforcement learning agent can determine near-optimal solutions, in terms of the number of data qubits, for various error models of interest. Moreover, we show that agents trained on one setting are able to successfully transfer their experience to different settings. This ability for transfer learning showcases the inherent strengths of reinforcement learning and the applicability of our approach for optimization from off-line simulations to on-line laboratory settings.
Reinterpreting Cardiorenal Protection of Renal Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors via Cellular Life History Programming
Authors: Avogaro Angelo , Fadini Gian Paolo , Del Prato Stefano
Published: December 2019

Cardiovascular outcome trials have provided evidence that sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) treatment is associated with remarkably favorable cardiovascular outcomes. Here, we offer a novel hypothesis that may encompass many of these hypothetical mechanisms, i.e., the ability of SGLT2i to modify the trajectory of cell response to a toxic environment through modifications of cellular life history programs, either the defense program or the dormancy program. The choice between these programs is mainly determined by the environment. Hyperglycemia can be considered a toxic determinant able to interfere with the basic programs of cell evolution. While the defense program is characterized by activation of the immune response and anabolic metabolism, the dormancy program is an energy-preserving state with high resistance to environmental stressors, and it has strong analogy with animal hibernation where fuel is stored, metabolic rate is suppressed, and insulin secretion is reduced. The metabolic changes that follow treatment with SGLT2i are reminiscent of the metabolic picture characteristic of the dormancy program. Therefore, we hypothesize that the beneficial cardioprotective effects of SGLT2i may be related to their ability to switch cell life programming from a defense to a dormancy state, thus lending additional benefit.
Pemanfaatan Media Pembelajaran Fisika Berbasis Android Bagi Guru-Guru Fisika SMA
Authors: Sujanem Rai , Suswandi Iwan , Yasa Putu
Published: December 2019

Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat penerapan Ipteks ini, yaitu: (1) guru-guru fisika dapat memproduksi media pembelajaran fisika berbasis android (mpfiba), dan (2) mpfiba tersebut dapat diimplementasikan di kelas. Mitra pengabdian ini adalah 10 orang guru fisika SMA di kecamatan Kuta dan Kuta Utara kabupaten Badung. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode pelatihan, penugasan, dan pendampingan. Pada saat pelatihan, para peserta dibekali konsep dasar mpfiba, dan latihan membuat mpfiba. Pada saat penugasan, peserta diberikan form isian untuk merancang media yang dilengkapi tema atau topik, landasan teori, video, simulasi, dan soal kuis. Pada saat pendampingan, peserta mendiskusikan rancangan yang telah dibuat, narasumber mengklarifikasi, dan memberikan bimbingan dalam pembuatan mpfiba sampai terwujud media mpfiba yang siap untuk diimplementasikan. Pada saat implementasi mpfiba di kelas, narasumber melakukan observasi dan evaluasi untuk dianalisis sejauhmana efektivitas mpfiba dalam menunjang proses belajar mengajar Fisika. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi diperoleh, yaitu: (1) para peserta pelatihan telah dapat memproduksi mpfiba dengan kriteria sangat baik sebanyak 20%, dan kriteria baik sebanyak 80%. (2) peserta telah dapat mengimplementasikan mpfiba di kelas. Dengan demikian, peserta pelatihan telah dapat memproduksi mpfiba serta pemanfaatan mpfiba untuk diimplementasikan dalam pembelajaran fisika. Kata Kunci: Media Pembelajaran Fisika, Android
Agora sei falar: o judaísmo em O Gato do Rabino
Authors: Fortes Lia Cristine , Clós Cesar Daniel
Published: December 2019

A história de um gato que aprende a falar e dialoga com seu rabino, na Argélia, no início do século XX, remete, em um primeiro momento, a uma narrativa infantil da literatura judaica. No entanto, não existe nenhuma ingenuidade no debate proposto pelo pequeno felino. A obra de Joann Sfar revela a complexidade da fé e da existência de suas comunidades religiosas. Mais que isso, identifica a relação entre a literatura e a religião como elementos identitários judaicos, bem como, o significado da palavra na identidade religiosa dos judeus. Este estudo se ocupa da análise da obra O Gato do Rabino como forma de transmissão dos valores judaicos, relacionando a literatura contemporânea das histórias em quadrinhos com a religiosidade. Analisa, também, a relevância dos quadrinhos nos espaços de aprendizagem, como mecanismo que instrumentalize para o diálogo inter-religioso e de tolerância.
A arte como expressão do sagrado: uma meditação sobre a liturgia e arte sacra.
Authors: Steagall De Tommaso Wilma
Published: December 2019

Pelo Concílio Ecumênico Vaticano II, somos convidados a nos inspirar na arte e na arquitetura dos cristãos do Primeiro Milênio. Sob a premissa de que o simbolismo do templo cristão repousa na analogia que há entre o templo e o Corpo de Cristo, esta comunicação tem como objetivo entender como os cristãos, a partir do século IV, após o Edito de Milão em 313, conceberam a arquitetura e a arte nas paredes de seus templos. No Antigo Testamento (Êxodo 25), Moisés recebe de Deus a ordem de construir duas tendas, as duas são separadas por um véu, a Carta aos Hebreus (Hb 8,9,10), retoma o pedido feito ao profeta, interpreta e explica toda a liturgia segundo a qual nasce o templo. A partir daí, demonstrar com citações e slides como eram decoradas interiormente as igrejas do Primeiro Milênio e entender sua coerência teológica, tendo como base textos bíblicos e conciliares, cartas dos papas Pio XII, Paulo VI, João Paulo II e Bento XVI. Expor a arte e a obra literária de dois artistas sacros contemporâneos: o brasileiro Cláudio Pastro (1948-2016) e o esloveno Marko Ivan Rupnik (1957), e colocar em foco as atribuições necessárias aos artistas da atualidade que se propõem a realizar esse trabalho nas igrejas.
Da krisis à metanoia: a poética do sagrado em Jorge de Lima e Murilo Mendes
Authors: De Assunção Sergio Carvalho
Published: December 2019

Durante as primeiras décadas do século XX, enquanto os valores culturais eram transformados em bens de consumo pela macroestrutura econômica do materialismo industrial, o sujeito se viu mergulhado em uma crise que o esvaziava psíquica e espiritualmente, abalado pela barbárie das guerras, pelo colapso socioeconômico e pela eclosão do nazi fascismo. Em face dessa perturbadora realidade, o cultivo da poesia moderna se afirmou como uma ação crítica, proporcionando ao sujeito uma experiência de reinvenção do seu lugar no mundo através da linguagem. Efetivamente, o cultivo da poesia assumiu-se como uma experiência e uma ética, de transgressão e resistência contra a lógica industrial e a alienação moral do capital, propiciando ainda uma experiência de transformação espiritual (metanoia) desse mesmo sujeito. Nesse sentido, este artigo propõe abordar a poesia de tonalidade espiritual em Jorge de Lima e Murilo Mendes, examinando o modo pelo qual suas respectivas poiesis foram movidas essencialmente pela crise do sujeito moderno no início do século XX em dissidência com o mundo civilizado, através da tensão permanente entre a negatividade profana e a espiritualidade cristã, experimentadas ao nível do corpo e no plano da poesia.
Engineering rheology in food industry
Authors: Kogan Viktor Vladimirovich , Semenova Larisa Eduardovna
Published: December 2019

The paper describes the technological processes of the food industry assuring production of a finished product with predetermined properties, where different types of food raw materials and semi-finished products are objects of study of engineering rheology, considering their be-havior at the stage of deformation (compression, twisting, stretching). The processes of mixing and inter-operational transportation of products are interrelated with the viscous-plastic raw materials (dough, minced meat, candy mass) contacting with the working parts of machines. That is why, in order to rationally use and save material resources the selection of process parameters and operating modes should be carried out subject to the rheological properties of the products (shearing, surface, volumetric). These properties have been listed and their nature has been described. The basic shearing characteristics of the raw materials under study have been determined and analyzed. Specific features of the elastic, viscous and plastic properties of the product under stress are considered. The combinations of rheological models of simple idealized bodies are studied: viscous-plastic, elastic-plastic. Equations that describe the flow of various viscous-plastic media are given. The dependence of the effective viscosity on the stress or shear rate for meatball meat from fish is graphically presented. The effect of minced meat humidity on the structural and mechanical properties of meatballs from fresh carp, pike, catfish, and bream has been traced. Rheological characteristics were determined by a rotational viscometer RV-8. Samples were prepared for one specimen from each product by adding a different amount of water, followed by stirring and thermostating. In parallel, the fat content was determined. According to the obtained values of structural and mechanical characteristics, the rheological properties of meatballs have been illustrated in a wide range of variables. From the data obtained it can be inferred that with increasing humidity, the numerical values of all shearing characteristics decrease due to thickening of the liquid interlayers between the product particles, and the rate of the mechanical structure remains practically unchanged.
Bioproductivity of ponds of VI fish breeding zone
Authors: Lagutkina Lina Yurievna , Kuzmina Evgeniia , Biryukova Maria Georgievna , Pershina Elena
Published: December 2019

Abstract. The paper highlights the prospects of cultivating heat-loving species, such as Australian crayfish and freshwater shrimps in the VI fish breeding zone. Australian crayfish and freshwater shrimps breeding is considered economically attractive for entrepreneurs, having a limited area for farming facilities. At the same time, pond ecosystems require the individual approach and close study in terms of the environmental conditions for the cultivated species upkeeping and the natural forage base that determine the pond biological productivity. Today, there are no clear recommendations on the summer keeping warmwater aquaculture species, in particular, Australian crayfish and freshwater shrimp in the Astrakhan region. To cultivate the new objects of warmwater aquaculture in 2017-2019 the small innovative enterprise Modern Sharapovskiy Fish Breeding Complex researched the production potential of ponds of various categories for receiving marketable products; there was studied the forage base, biomass of zooplankton and zoobenthos satisfying the nutritional needs of farmed objects. As a result of experimental work, it was found that in pond No.2, where freshwater shrimps were grown, there were registered 5 species of Cladocera and 1species of Rotifera, while in pond No.1 used for breeding Australian crayfish there were registered 4 species of Rotifera and only 1 species of Cladocera. Presumably, the observed species composition of the studied ponds is specified by the selectivity of the cultivated objects in zooplankton consumption. The possibility of increasing the bio-productivity of ponds by alternate growing aquaculture and agricultural products has been considered.
Evaluation of physiological preparedness for reproductive function of domesticated beluga females and females grown from eggs in artificial conditions
Authors: Geraskin Petr Petrovich , Kovaleva Angelika Vyachislavovna , Grigoriev Vadim Alekseevich , Firsova Angelina Valerievna , Yaitskaya Marina , Vetrova Vera
Published: December 2019

The article highlights the problem of significant reducing the number of beluga at the beginning of the XXI century, which resulted in restoring its population artificially. The formation of repair and brood stocks is slowing down due to a significant shortage of producers of natural generation. Artificial reproduction of beluga is currently carried out due to domestication of fish, as well as by growing mature individuals on “from eggs to eggs” principle. Producers grown in the hatcheries often have metabolic disturbances, signs of physiological exhaustion, and a modified biochemical composition of oocytes. All these deteriorate the reproductive functions of the producers. There have been presented the results of studying physiological preparedness of beluga producers to spawning campaign carried out by the Caspian branch FSBO “Glavrybvod” at the Sergievsky sturgeon hatchery. The objects of the study were females caught in the natural environment and domesticated in the hatchery, as well as sixteen-eighteen-year-old females from their own broodstock. Physiological readiness for spawning was assessed by a complex of physiological and biochemical parameters of blood and the amount of accumulated plastic and energy substances

in oocytes in the form of proteins and lipids. It was revealed that domesticated females were better prepared for pituitary injections than females from the broodstock. This was justified by both physiological and biochemical parameters, as well as by the coefficient of polarization of oocytes. Eggs of females grown in the hatchery conditions are smaller (1.3 times smaller) and the number of triglycerides in them is 4.35 times less than in those of domesticated fish. In addition, the accumulation of protein and lipids by oocytes differs greatly in broodstock female species due to heterogeneity of their functional state.
Seben (Bolu) Elma Bahçelerinde Belirlenen Zararlı, Yararlı Türler ve Biyoekolojileri
Authors: KAÇAR Gülay
Published: December 2019

Bolu ilinin en önemli elma
üreticisi Seben ilçesi olup uzun yıllardan beri üretim gerçekleştirilmektedir.
Seben merkez ve köylerinde elma bahçelerinde zararlı ve faydalı türleri
belirlemek amacıyla 2015-2016 yılları arasında bir sörvey çalışması yürütülmüştür.
Seçilen her bahçeden 25 ağacın gövde ve her bir ağacın dört yönünde birer
dalında örnekleme yapılmıştır. Çalışma süresince elma bahçelerinde bulunan
ağaçlarının kök boğazları, gövdeleri, dalları, yaprakları, tomurcukları,
çiçekleri ve meyveleri incelenmiştir. Ağaç üzerinde bulunan az hareketli böcek
türleri elle, diğerleri Steiner hunisi ile toplanmıştır. Ayrıca zararlı ile
bulaşık örnekler ergin yapmak için laboratuvara getirilip kültüre alınmıştır.
Bu çalışma sonucunda yedi takıma bağlı 23 familyadan 37 zararlı tür, üç
takımdan üç familyaya bağlı üç faydalı tür belirlenmiştir. Seben ilçesi elma
bahçelerinde Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (Elma içkurdu)’nin
ana zararlı konumunda olduğu, bunun yanı sıra yaprakbitleri Aphis pomi Deg., Dysaphis
plantaginea Pass. (Hem.: Aphididae) ve Elma pasakarı Aculus schlechtendali Nal.
(Acarina: Eriophyidae)’ın da elmalarda zarara yol açtığı belirlenmiştir. Bazı
bahçelerde Tetranychus urticae Koch. ve Panonychus ulmi Koch. (Acarina:
Tetranychidae) zaman zaman önemli zararlı türler olarak ortaya çıkmıştır.
Chrysoperla carneae (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) ve Coccinella
semptempunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) elma bahçelerinde en yaygın
predatör türler olarak belirlenmiştir.
El MERCOSUR en la estrategia de Poder Global Brasileña (2003-2010)
Authors: Celeste Box
Published: December 2019

En estas líneas presentaremos la dinámica de cooperación hegemónica que signó la relación de Brasil con la región suramericana durante la administración Da Silva. Este objetivo nos insumirá algunos desarrollos intermedios: en primer lugar, revisaremos la tan usual denominación del perfil ‘realista’ de la política exterior, para clasificarla como una estrategia de acumulación de poder externo en clave de power politics (y no de realpolitik) con componentes privativos (autonomía, diplomacia presidencial y autopercepción). En segundo lugar, y a fines argumentales, presentaremos la manera en que Brasil estructura esa estrategia de acumulación, por medio de un constructo analítico que denominamos ‘estrategia de poder global brasileña’. Dentro de esta carrera -que excede la subregión-, haremos foco en el MERCOSUR para mostrar la superficialidad de la cooperación hegemónica del país vecino. Esto constituye un nuevo rol para la integración regional suramericana, impreso por la decisión de política exterior global de su miembro más poderoso
Antirasismens Andra
Authors: Jonsson Rickard
Published: December 2019

The category of the “immigrant student”, which is often used in the educational setting from where the following study collects its data, is indeed an elusive one – especially so when it is employed as a label of students who have no experience of migration at all. The frequent use of the category is even more confusing, considering that Swedish publicity could be described as characterized by a hegemonic anti-racist discourse, including an often reproduced master narrative of a country which – except from a few right wing extremists – is considered to be a nation without racism. Drawing on linguistic ethnographic data from a fieldwork in a high prestigious secondary school in inner city Stockholm, this article examines how narratives of an unruly classroom behavior become associated with ”the young immigrant student” category, and furthermore, how students rhetorically manage the dilemma to tell that story without sounding disparaging. The paper is an investigation of anti-racist waysoftalkingaboutfailing students as the ethnic or racial Others.
ANALISIS KORELASI KANONIK PADA HUBUNGAN ANTARA SOFT SKILLS TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR MAHASISWA
Authors: JULIANINGSIH NI PUTU , KENCANA EKA N , SUKARSA KOMANG GDE
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this study is to know the relationship between soft skills and learning achievement using canonical correlation analysis and to find out the dominant dimensions of soft skills and learning achievement using confirmatory factor analysis. The data used are primary data obtained by distributing questionnaires. The sampling technique used was proportional to size sampling with the number of respondents as many as 150 respondents. The results of the study with canonical correlation analysis showed that soft skills with learning achievement had a close relationship with canonical correlation values ??of 0.70397. The results of the study with confirmatory factor analysis showed that the dominant dimensions of soft skills and learning achievement were flexibility with the percentage of the variance of 69.081% and cognitive percentage of the variance of 71.706%.
Global interactive media design industry’s sectoral analysis on interactive media awards
Authors:   Yıldız Technical University, Department of Combined Arts İstanbul, Turkey, Kaplanoglu Lutfu , Dinc Ilkan Devrim ,   Maltepe University, Department of Animation, Istanbul, Turke
Published: December 2019

Interactive Media Design Industry continues to manipulate and rearrange the dynamics of entertainment, education, production and consumption and some similar topics in the general media. As an important new formation, “Interactive Media Awards” continues to give awards and helps us to make observations about the trends of the industry since 2006. This formation surveys all kinds of projects that have been made by Interactive media companies all over the world. It gives awards in two different sections and it is quite sufficient to analyze the general trends of the industry. These awards are very well recognized internationally. That is why it is possible that the research about that work line might find an important place in international academic circles. All over the world, the award winning from 2006 in the sector of Interactive Media had many contributions to the World. After analyzing all the data from award winnings in the chosen areas basically shows that Turkey has a very important part in the field. In a lot of different areas Turkey made very important accomplishments when it comes to Interactive Media. Both Design aspects and advertisement part of the field was used very efficiently. Turkey shows its improvement in the area with shown statistics and its development trend goes higher according to time. The findings of this research will possibly guide the future projects and might also add value to the education model of universities.
Editorial
Authors: López Jiménez Nelson Ernesto
Published: December 2019

Al llegar a su QUINTO número la REVISTA PACA persevera su intención de con­tribuir al logro y consolidación de la cultura de la investigación en la Univer­sidad Surcolombiana y, en los Centros, Institutos y Universidades en donde es acogida esta publicación: su pretensión esta orientada a la posibilidad de visibilizar los trabajos, producciones y elaboraciones resultado de los diferen­tes desarrollos investigativos que el Grupo de lnvestigación PACA aborda per­manentemente.
La formación por competencias en el programa de pedagogía infantil de la facultad de educación de la universidad surcolombiana: realidad o buenas intenciones
Authors: Guevara Salazar Leidy Ximena
Published: December 2019

Las demandas de la sociedad del conocimiento, que implica una utilización de los saberes en pro de una calidad de vida mejor y más equitativa, comprome­ten más a las universidades a vincular sus programas con el sector productivo, de modo que resulte relevante la incorporación de profesionales competentes en el campo laboral. Por tal razón, las políticas actuales de educación han exi­gido que se forme por competencias, concepto que se asume como requisito para obtener el registro calificado y la acreditación de calidad de los programas académicos ofrecidos; por esto se hace necesario que los programas académi­cos cumplan con las condiciones de calidad establecidas por la ley, y que las instituciones logren demostrar su impacto en la formación de los estudiantes, convirtiéndolos en profesionales idóneos.

Con la intención de responder a lo anterior, la Universidad Surcolombiana ha realizado avances significativos en este aspecto, a la fecha, la institución ha logrado un mejoramiento significativo en la realización de sus funciones misio­nales, evidente en la acreditación de alta calidad de los programas de Medicina, Enfermería, Educación Física, Contaduría Pública, Lenguas Modernas e Ingenie­ría de Petróleos, Comunicación Social y Periodismo, Ingeniería Agrícola y Administración de Empresas y en el fortalecimiento y consolidación de grupos de investigación (semilleros, jóvenes investigadores y equipos de investigación) y proyección social.
Enseñanza de la estadística: comparación de la efectividad del método tradicional y un nuevo método utilizando las Tic
Authors: Giraldo Colmenares Dignoria
Published: December 2019

En la enseñanza tradicional, el proceso educativo gira en torno al docente, quien emplea como recursos básicos, la tiza, el tablero; la metodología de tra­bajo es explicativa, ilustrativa y demostrativa, se ejecuta por medio de la clase magistral teórica; el alumno es un receptor pasivo de información. La evalua­ción del aprendizaje, se hace a través de exámenes orales o escritos, la mayoría de las veces con preguntas subjetivas, no contextualizadas; los resultados son utilizados por el maestro para acreditar el nivel de competencias del alumno.

Con las nuevas tecnologías a nivel educativo, se implemento el sistema de for­mación por créditos o unidades de labor académica, en el cual los niños realizan actividades presenciales con sus docentes y trabajo autónomo, no presencial y personalizado.
El estado del arte de la evaluación de la calidad de la educación en Colombia II parte
Authors: López Jiménez Nelson Ernesto , Puentes de Velásquez Ana Victoria , Bonilla Castillo Marcia Fernanda
Published: December 2019

El Grupo de Investigación P.A.C.A. -Programa de Acción Curricular Alternativo- Categoría B de Colciencias, presenta la segunda etapa del proyecto sobre el Estado del Arte de la Evaluación de la Calidad de la Educación, dando continuidad a la línea de investigación sobre Calidad de la Educación, inscrita en la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad Surcolombiana.

La realización de un estado del arte pretende integrar las diferentes producciones, elaboraciones, investigaciones, artículos, documentos y experiencias concretas, que permitan construir una visión amplia del fenómeno estudiado que, en este caso, se relaciona con la "evaluación de la calidad de la educación, y aporta a la construcción de un referente teórico y conceptual hacia la consolidación de una cultura de la evaluación de la calidad de la educación en Colombia.
Factores de retención estudiantil en la Educación Superior en el Departamento del Huila
Authors: López Jiménez Nelson Ernesto , Guevara Salazar Leidy Ximena , Silva Quiza Jairo
Published: December 2019

En el año 2009, el Ministerio de Educación Nacional y la Asociación Colombiana de Universidades ASCUN abrieron la primera convocatoria de Proyectos de Servicio Social en Educación Superior, dirigida a instituciones de este nivel. Los ejes temáticos que orientaron dicha convocatoria se relacionaban con a) Atención y apoyo a población desplazada y afectada por ia violencia; b) Prevención y tratamiento del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas; c) Retención estudiantil en educación superior y articulación de la educación media con la educación superior; d) Competencias ciudadanas y cultura de paz.

Una vez recibida la información pertinente, la Universidad Surcolombiana decidió participar e invitó a la Corporación Universitaria del Huila CORHUILA y a la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia-Sede Neiva, para realizar una alianza estratégica que permitiera investigar sobre el fenómeno de la Retención Escolar en estas tres instituciones. Presentada la documentación requerida, se informó por parte de las entidades convocantes que la propuesta había sido aceptada y se definieron algunos aspectos del orden metodológico para su realización.
Modernización curricular de la Universidad Surcolombiana: Integración e interdisciplinariedad
Authors: López Jiménez Nelson Ernesto , Puentes de Velásquez Ana Victoria , Bonilla Castillo Marcia Fernanda
Published: December 2019

La Universidad Surcolombiana, a través de sus diferentes políticas institucionales, consignadas en sus documentos estructurales y estructurantes (Proyecto Educativo Institucional, Plan de Desarrollo 2009-2012), y los respectivos Acuerdos donde se reglamenta lo pertinente con la docencia, la investigación y la proyección social, advierte la necesidad de avanzar en un proceso de de-construcción curricular que permita intervenir las actuales formas de selección, organización y distribución del conocimiento considerado básico en la formación de profesionales en las diferentes áreas del conocimiento.

Hablar de de-construcción implica fundamentalmente referirnos a un proceso de descentramiento, de des-hilvanamiento, de des-composición, de des-estructuración1 de las actuales estructuras curriculares que soportan el portafolio académico de la Universidad Surcolombiana.
A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DA MERITOCRACIA PARA O CRESCIMENTO DA COMPLEXIDADE ECONÔMICA
Authors: Giovanini Adilson , Arend Marcelo , Oliveira Pinto Felício
Published: December 2019

A literatura de complexidade econômica mostra que alguns produtos possuem capacitações em comum e tendem a ser fabricados em conjunto, enquanto outros possuem capacitações específicas, o que dificulta a sua fabricação conjunta. As firmas que fabricam produtos que possuem poucas capacitações em comum possuem menor meritocracia e ficam presas na armadilha da acomodação, não possuindo incentivo a migrar para novos produtos. A análise fatorial e um modelo em painel para dados de 42 países no período 2006-2014 são utilizados para testar qual a contribuição da meritocracia nas firmas para o aumento da complexidade. Os resultados encontrados indicam que os países que possuem maior Índice de Complexidade Econômica apresentam maior meritocracia nas empresas e esta consegue estimular a aquisição de novas capacitações e o aumento da complexidade.
CICLOS DE NEGÓCIOS NOS SETORES INTENSIVOS EM TECNOLOGIA DA INDÚSTRIA DE TRANSFORMAÇÃO NO BRASIL
Authors: Heleno Silvia , Lopes Luckas Sabioni , Mendes Chrystian Soares
Published: December 2019

O presente artigo caracterizou os ciclos de negócios nos setores produtivos intensivos em tecnologia no Brasil, uma vez que estes assumem papel importante para o desempenho de longo prazo da economia. Após a construção de um indicador coincidente aos setores, foi possível perceber que este exibe ciclos econômicos duas vezes mais acentuados que os da industrial em geral. As recessões têm duração de dez meses e perdas anualizadas de 10% em média. As expansões perduram por 26 meses e geram ganhos de 8% a.a. Tal fato indica assimetrias ao longo das fases dos ciclos. Outro resultado interessante mostra que a volatilidade nos setores se reduziu após a estabilização da economia, em 1994. Ainda assim, a alta sensibilidade a choques deste ramo da atividade produtiva sugere que ele seja um potencial alvo para a política industrial no país.
INSTITUTIONS, GOVERNMENT STABILITY AND HUMAN CAPITAL ACCUMULATION
Authors: Bondezan Kezia de Lucas , Veiga Francisco José , Dias Joilson
Published: December 2019

The objective of this paper is to study the influence of institutional quality on the human capital accumulation process. This paper builds on prior theoretical developments which establish a micro-foundation link between human capital accumulation and institutional quality. Using a panel data series from 1960 to 2010, we observe that political instability and institutional quality do affect long-term human capital accumulation. Greater political stability and better institutions clearly foster human capital growth, thus promoting economic growth and prosperity.
DETERMINANTES DOS DESVIOS DE EXECUÇÃO DA POLÍTICA FISCAL NO BRASIL
Authors: Piza Elaine Cristina de
Published: December 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar os determinantes dos desvios de execução orçamentária no Brasil, de 2002 a 2015, utilizando dados em tempo real, isto é, dados disponíveis aos policymakers quando as decisões de política fiscal são tomadas. Para isso, a análise econométrica buscou os fatores que influenciam na previsão de arrecadação e contribuem para os desvios de execução. Os resultados indicam que a previsão fiscal distanciou-se mais significativamente dos valores realizados a partir do ano de 2008 e que os desvios nas previsões dos fatores macroeconômicos, sobretudo na previsão de crescimento do PIB ajudam a explicar esse distanciamento.
Welfare State Policy Model as A Poverty Reduction Strategy in the West Sumatra Districts and Cities
Authors: Azwar Azwar Azwar , Chatra Emeraldy , Zuldesni Zuldesni
Published: December 2019

Poverty is one of the social problems that the government can never completely solve. As a result, other, more significant social issues arise and cause social vulnerability, such as conflict and crime. As a province that is experiencing rapid growth in the last ten years, the West Sumatra find difficulty to overcome the number of poor people in several districts and cities.  The research outcomes are the models and forms of social policy made by West Sumatra regencies and cities governments in improving the welfare of poor communities. It is also covering the constraints or obstacles to the implementation of social policy and the selection of welfare state models for the poor in some districts and municipalities of West Sumatra. This research is conducted qualitatively with a sociological approach that uses social perspective on searching and explaining social facts that happened to needy groups. Based on research conducted that the social policy model adopted by the government in responding to social problems in the districts and cities of West Sumatra reflects the welfare state model given to the poor. There is a strong relationship between the welfare state model and the form of social policy made by the government.
Un reto para Colombia: mejorar la utilización de medicamentos probadamente beneficiosos en la prevención secundaria cardiovascular
Authors: López-Jaramillo Patricio , Camacho Paul Anthony
Published: December 2019

Las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) causan 30% del total de las muertes en todo el mundo; de estas 80% sucede en los países en vía de desarrollo.  El 1% de las personas en el mundo presenta un evento coronario agudo o cerebrovascular por año y la mitad de estos eventos se produce en individuos con enfermedad vascular preexistente. Los países de bajos y medianos ingresos presentan un incremento en la carga de las ECV y la mayoría no tiene programas concretos y bien definidos  para su prevención.Se ha estimado que para el año 2020, habrá un aumento  entre 120% y 137%  en la incidencia de enfermedad coronaria en las mujeres y los hombres respectivamente, en los países en desarrollo. Este fenómeno se explica, entre otras razones, por la denominada transición epidemiológica, que se asocia con  un notable aumento en la prevalencia de facto-res de riesgo como la obesidad, la hipertensión arterial, el tabaquismo, el consumo exagerado de alcohol, los cambios en los hábitos nutricionales y el sedentarismo. Estos  factores  están relacionados con la rápida urbanización que han sufrido los países de bajos y medianos ingresos.
Afebrile pneumonia (whooping cough) syndrome in infants at Hospital Universitario del Valle, Cali, 2001-2007
Authors: Villegas Dolly , Echandía-Villegas Connie Alejandra , Echandía Carlos Armando
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Afebrile pneumonia syndrome in infants, also called infant pneumonitis, pneumonia caused by atypical pathogens or whooping cough syndrome is a major cause of severe lower respiratory infection in young infants, both in developing countries and in developed countries.
Objective: To describe afebrile pneumonia syndrome in children .
Methods: Through a cross-sectional study, we reviewed the medical records of children diagnosed with afebrile pneumonia treated at Hospital Universitario del Valle, a reference center in southwestern Colombia, between June 2001 and December 2007. We obtained data on maternal age and origin, prenatal care, the child’s birth, breastfee­ding, vaccination status, symptoms, signs, diagnosis, treatment, and complications.
Results: We evaluated 101 children with this entity, noting a stationary presentation: June-August and November- December. A total of 73% of the children were under 4 months of age; the most common symptoms were: cya­notic and spasmodic cough (100%), respiratory distress (70%), and unquantified fever (68%). The most common findings: rales (crackles) (50%), wheezing and expiratory stridor (37%); 66% were classified as mild and of the remaining 33%, half of them required attention in the intensive care unit. In all, there was clinical diagnosis of afebrile pneumonia syndrome in infants, but no etiologic diagnosis was made and despite this, 94% of the chil­dren received macrolides.
Conclusions: These data support the hypothesis that most of these patients acquired the disease by airway, possi­bly caused by viral infection and did not require the indiscriminate use of macrolides.
Diversity and genetic structure analysis of three Amazonian Amerindian populations from Colombia
Authors: Braga Yamid , Arias B. Leonardo , Barreto Guillermo
Published: December 2019

Introduction: In the departments of the Vaupés and Guaviare, in southeastern Colombia, in a transitional area between Amazonia and the eastern plains, inhabit indigenous groups belonging to the Tukanoan (East) and Guahiban linguistic families. Although some studies have dealt with the culture and the cosmology description of these groups, little research has been done on the biological diversity and genetic relationships of such groups. Objective: To estimate the diversity, the structure, and the genetic relationships of one Guahiban and two Tukanoan groups of the Colombian Amazonian region. Methods: Samples were collected (n = 106) from unrelated individuals belonging to the Vaupés native indigenous commu­nities. The DNA was extracted and nine autosomal microsatellites were typed. Several measures of diversity, FST, pairwise FST, and population differentiation between groups were calculated. Finally, it was estimated the genetic distances of the groups studied in relation with other Amazonian, Andean and Central American indigenous people. Results: 1. The genetic diversity found stands within the range of other Amazonian populations, whereas compared to the mestizo and afro-descendant Colombian populations, such diversity showed to be lower. 2. The structure and population differentiation tests showed two clusters; one consisting of the Vaupés Tukanoan and Guaviare Tukanoan groups, and a second one formed by the Guayabero. 3. Tukanoan groups are found to be closer related to the Brazilian Amazonian po­pulations than to the Guayabero. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the Guayabero group from Guaviare, are genetically differentiated from those Tukanoan groups of the Vaupés and Guaviare
The fiction of health services
Authors: Echeverry Oscar
Published: December 2019

What we know today as Health Services is a fiction, perhaps shaped involuntarily, but with deep health repercussions, more negative than positive. About 24 centuries ago, Asclepius god of medicine and Hygeia goddess of hygiene and health, generated a dichotomy between disease and health that remains until today. The confusing substitution of Health Services with Medical Services began by the end of the XIX century. But it was in 1948 when the so called English National Health Service became a landmark in the world and its model was adopted by many countries, having distorted the true meaning of Health Services. The consequences of this fiction have been ominous. It is necessary to call things by its name not to deceive society and to correct the serious imbalance between Medical Services and Health Services. Hygeia and Asclepius must become a brotherhood
Ecology and policy for exclusive breastfeeding in Colombia: a proposal
Authors: Mateus Solarte Julio Cesar
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Breastfeeding promotion is one of the most important strategies against infant mortality and to control child undernourishment. Despite policies and plans to promote and protect breastfeeding in Colombia, its practice is low and its duration is short. Objective: To propose an ecology framework to interpret and incorporate contextual, interpersonal, and individual factors associated with the practice of breastfeeding and duration. Thereby, the plans and policies addressed to promote and pro­tect breastfeeding in Colombia could be reinforced. Conclusions: To implement an ecology framework for Breastfeeding in Colombia, it is necessary to identify the effect of contextual factors in the biggest cultural regions of Colombia, to recognize the limitations of Infant-Friendly Hospital Initiatives to improve exclusive breastfeeding duration, to execute prospective studies in order to identify factors associated with breastfeeding duration, to design and implement plans and policies based on comprehensive planning strategies of healthcare interventions, to develop appropriate and cost-effective extra-institutional strategies aimed at prolonging the duration of breastfeeding, and to implement more reliable breastfeeding surveillance systems.
Role of AKT/mTORC1 pathway in pancreatic β-cell proliferation
Authors: Balcazar Morales Norman , Aguilar de Plata Cecilia
Published: December 2019

Growth factors, insulin signaling and nutrients are important regulators of β-cell mass and function. The events linking these signals to regulation of β-cell mass are not completely understood. Recent findings indicate that mTOR pathway integrates signals from growth factors and nutrients with transcription, translation, cell size, cytoskeleton remodeling and mitochondrial metabolism. mTOR is a part of two distinct complexes; mTORC1 and mTORC2. The mammalian TORC1 is sensitive to rapamycin and contains Raptor, deptor, PRAS40 and the G protein β-subunit-like protein (GβL). mTORC1 activates key regulators of protein translation; ribosomal S6 kinase (S6K) and eukaryote initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1.This review summarizes current findings about the role of AKT/mTORC1 signaling in regulation of pancreatic β cell mass and proliferation. mTORC1 is a major regulator of β-cell cycle progression by modulation of cyclins D2, D3 and cdk4/cyclin D activity. These studies uncovered key novel pathways controlling cell cycle progression in β-cells in vivo. This information can be used to develop alternative approaches to expand β-cell mass in vivo and in vitro without the risk of oncogenic transformation. The acquisition of such knowledge is critical for the design of improved therapeutic strategies for the treatment and cure of diabetes as well as to understand the effects of mTOR inhibitors in β-cell function.