bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study of anthropometric parameters of school children: a cross sectional study in Rajasthan
Authors: Raikar Kedar Jayant , Maaheraa Anis , Sobti Sumit
Published: March 2019

Background: The ongoing research in the school health domain is necessary to understand the secular trends in anthropometric parameters. Our study is an attempt to analyze the cross sectional findings and comparison with national reference studies to draw a conclusion on changing attributes of anthropometric parameters with time.Methods: The present study was adapted as a school based, cross sectional, observational epidemiological study design. We have analyzed the data generated out of assessment of height and weight (anthropometric analysis) along with other evaluation as a part of comprehensive health examination.Results: We evaluated, a total of 995 students, aged 5-16 years of which, 569 (57.2%) were boys and 426 (42.8%) were girls. BMI percentiles were calculated for both schoolboys and schoolgirls. Comparisons of the present height and weight curves with earlier data from India and multi country data from WHO was done. In this study prevalence of overweight was 10.35% which indicates the rising trends of childhood overweight and obesity.Conclusions: The trends of changing anthropometric measurements as evident in our study indicate the schoolchildren are growing taller and heavier. With increase in BMI, the prevalence of childhood overweight is on high level but level of underweight and under nutrition per say is low, probably due to quality food availability and increased buying capacity of families.
Effectiveness of intervention by accredited social health activists in the control of hypertension and diabetes in a rural population of Kolar district, Karnataka
Authors: Surekha A. , Fathima Farah N. , Agrawal Twinkle , Suguna A. , Misquith Dominic
Published: March 2019

Background: Non-communicable diseases are the leading causes of death globally, of which cardiovascular diseases are the most common. Cost-effective strategies, such as task shifting, are needed to mitigate the rising epidemic by controlling hypertension and diabetes in our country.Methods: This was a non-randomized interventional study undertaken in six (3 intervention and 3 control) villages of Lakkur primary health centre (PHC) area under Malur taluk, Kolar district, Karnataka, from November 2013 to April 2015. After obtaining written informed consent, baseline survey was done among 180 diabetics and hypertensives (adults>30 years). In the intervention villages, ASHAs who were trained did the intervention for 6 months. In non-intervention villages, standard usual care was given and repeat survey was done after 6 months to re-measure.Results: This study demonstrated that there was an increase of 44.8% in the proportion of hypertensives whose blood pressure was under control and increase of 26.5% in the proportion of diabetics whose blood sugar was under control in villages that received household visits by trained ASHAs (intervention villages). There was an increase in the medication adherence levels (29.6%) and reduction in tobacco usage (median difference of 4 times per day) among hypertensives and diabetics who are on medication in intervention villages.Conclusions: Findings from this study will provide policy makers and other stakeholders needed information to recommend scalable and cost-effective policy in respect to cardiovascular risk reduction, hypertension and diabetes control in resource-poor settings.
Knowledge attitudes and practices about diabetes and diabetic retinopathy among diabetic retinopathy patients at a tertiary care hospital in Goa
Authors: Raiturcar Tanvi Poy , Sawant Apika K. , Lotliker Shreya S. , Cacodcar Jagadish A. , Vernekar Preksha P.
Published: March 2019

Background: Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most common complication of diabetes with a prevalence of 7.3-25%. There have been several studies done in India to assess the knowledge and awareness on diabetes and diabetic retinopathy among patients with diabetes, however very few studies assessed knowledge, awareness and practices amongst patients with diabetic retinopathy.4-7 Besides, no such study was undertaken at Goa Medical College.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 consecutive diabetic retinopathy patients attending ophthalmology out-patient department (OPD) at Goa Medical College and Hospital. The patients were administered a pre-tested proforma to assess their level of awareness and attitudes and practices towards diabetes and diabetic retinopathy. Data was entered in Microsoft excel 2010; analysed using the SPSS version 22. Chi-square test was used as test of significance.Results: In our study, 58% were aware of the symptoms of diabetes. 15% were aware of the multiple complications. 35% had knowledge about only one test for detecting diabetes i.e. fasting blood sugar level. 22% had never heard about HbA1c. 49% were not aware that they had diabetic retinopathy. 76% felt it is important to continue medications even if blood sugar levels were normal. 62% were aware of the importance of exercise. 71% took their medications regularly, 72% checked their blood sugar regularly. There was a significant association between educational status and awareness and practices towards diabetes.Conclusions: The diabetic retinopathy patients in our study had a fair knowledge about diabetes and diabetic retinopathy.
A study to assess the effectiveness of training on first aid among students of industrial training institute in tribal area of Thane district, Maharashtra
Authors: Chandrachood Mandar V. , Acharya Shrikala
Published: March 2019

Background: Sudden illness, injury or animal bites can often be serious unless proper care is administered promptly. First aid is immediate attention to one suffering from illness or injury. Everyone should be able to give effective assistance until an injured person can receive professional medical care. This study was undertaken with objectives of assessing the baseline knowledge among students of industrial training institute (ITI) about common health emergencies, their appropriate first aid measures and to conduct training on first aid through lecture and demonstration as well as to assess effectiveness of training on their knowledge about first aid.Methods: An Interventional study. Baseline and post-test assessment of knowledge scores was carried out after a week and 16 weeks of training sessions on first aid of all students in the institute. Data analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive statistics and appropriate statistical tests of significance.Results: Baseline knowledge about first aid in injuries and bites was higher among students than their knowledge about burns and other emergencies. Rural students and students of scheduled caste and tribe had low baseline knowledge (p=0.015 and p=0.025 respectively). Training on first aid significantly improved knowledge about all health emergencies among all students as evident from post-test scores at first week and 16 weeks (p<0.05). Gain in knowledge was significantly higher among rural students.Conclusions: Students had low baseline knowledge about first aid measures. Sessions combining knowledge and skills have brought about significant improvement in the knowledge of participants irrespective of their age, caste or urban-rural background.
Treatment satisfaction among diabetics attending a tertiary care hospital of Rohtak, Haryana: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Rajput Meena , Arivarasan Yashodha , Rajput Rajesh , Khongsit Aereosonova
Published: March 2019

Background: The epidemic of diabetes mellitus is rising globally due to urbanization, population growth, aging, obesity and sedentary life style. Treatment satisfaction is defined as the individual’s rating of important attributes of the process and outcomes of his/her treatment experience and it represents an important outcome as it is related to adherence and willingness to continue treatment.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive hospital-based study was conducted at endocrinology OPD attached to Pt. B.D. Sharma PGIMS Rohtak, Haryana from May 2014 to April 2015. Five hundred diabetics (type 1 and 2) were recruited for the study. Patients registered on the day of interview were selected using systematic random sampling. A predesigned, pretested, semi-structured schedule which included socio-demographic variables of the study subjects along with information about family history of diabetes was filled by interviewing the study subjects in their vernacular language individually. DiabMedSat was used to assess the treatment satisfaction.Results: Nearly two third of the study participants were treated on oral hypoglycaemic agents (76.2%) followed by subjects treated on insulin+OHA (21.4%). 2.4% of the study subjects were on treatment with insulin alone. 87.8% of female subjects were satisfied with their treatment as compared to 86.3% of their male counterparts.Conclusions: Treatment satisfaction has a positive influence on quality of life of the study subjects as those who are satisfied tend to better adhere to their drug regimen thereby achieving a desirable glycaemic control and averting the complications associated with the disease thereby leading to a healthier life.
Epidemiological profile of injuries in urban and urban slum areas of Rajkot city, India: a community based study
Authors: Gosalia Vibha V. , Thakrar Dhara V. , Chudasama Rajesh K.
Published: March 2019

Background: Injuries and violence are among the most prominent public health problems in the world. Objective was to study the epidemiological profile of injuries in urban and urban slum areas of Rajkot city, India.Methods: A community based study was conducted in Rajkot city with sample size of 540 households. Total 30 clusters (society) were selected from 805 notified societies including 20 clusters from urban areas and 10 clusters from urban slum areas of Rajkot city. From identified cluster, 18 households were selected to achieve targeted sample size 540. All injuries reported among all household members in the last 12 months were included in the study. A total of 2,367 persons of all ages were interviewed.Results: The prevalence of injury was 14% among 2,367 study participants. Almost all injuries (99.1%) were unintentional in nature. The leading causes of injures were falls (49.2%) and road traffic accidents (RTAs) (35.7%). Significant numbers of injuries were reported among males (p<0.01). The males reported RTAs (46.9%) and females reported falls (64.2%) as a common type of injury (p<0.01). Lower limb (70.1%) was the most commonly affected body part and road (38.4%) was the most common place of injury occurrence. Average money spent by injured person was Rs. 7,000. Only 11.3 % study participants had health insurance.Conclusions: Injury prevention priorities should be focused on the leading causes such as falls and RTAs to develop specific preventive strategies.
Diagnostic utility and impact of ultrasonography by primary health care physician: an observational study
Authors: Qureshi Uruj Altaf , Bashir Khalid , Rasool Mahbooba
Published: March 2019

Background: Ultrasound appears to be a suitable diagnostic technology for use in primary care and community settings. It plays a pivotal role in evaluation of patients and helps in making timely diagnosis and more widely on referral pathways into secondary care.Methods: The study was conducted at the primary health centre Hazratbal, which is one of the primary health centre of field practice area of the Department of community medicine, Government Medical College, Srinagar. This observational study was conducted over a period of three months where 255 patients were scanned by a primary care physician (sonologist). For each patient scanned, the ultrasound performing physician completed a standardized data collection form including patient demographics, clinical details, indications for ultrasound and ultrasound findings.Results: A total of 255 patients were scanned during the study period. Males were 43 (17%) and females were 212 (83%). Maximum number of patients were in the age range of 25-34 years, n=96 (38%). Among the patients scanned 66 (24.44%) were obstetric cases. Acute diffuse abdominal pain n=32 (11.85%) was the most common clinical presentation followed by pain upper abdomen n=28 (10.37%) among non-obstetric patients. Ovarian cyst was the most common finding, followed by fatty liver and bilateral nephrolithiasis.Conclusions: The utility of ultrasonography in the hands of primary care physician is of great value. It is cost effective option, especially in this part of the world. We need to give expertise to primary care physicians in order to provide better health care at primary health care settings, which will lessen the burden of referrals.
A cross-sectional study on prevalence of substance use and its determinants among the male youth aged 15-24 years of slums of city Amritsar
Authors: Sharma Sahil , Mahajan Sanjeev , Lal Mohan , Singh Tejbir , Deepti Shyam Sunder , Kaur Jasleen
Published: March 2019

Background: Slums are not new phenomenon. They are characterized by insanitary condition, crime, drug abuse etc. The male youth living in the slums, are prone to various health impacting conditions including substance use like alcohol consumption, smoking, tobacco chewing, drugs etc.Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted in the four selected urban slums of Amritsar city. From each slum 250 male youth aged 15-24 years were included in the study, so total 1000 respondents were interviewed and required information was filled in pre-designed semi-structured proforma. Data was compiled, analysed and valid conclusions were drawn.Results: The overall prevalence of substance use among the respondents was 25.9% and as the age increases the prevalence of substance use also increases. Among substance users, tobacco (86.8%) was the most common substance consumed both in smoking form (52.1%) and smokeless form (34.7%), followed by the alcohol (72.2%) and then drugs (12%). Majority (62.1%) of respondents had initiated the substance use between 15-19 years of age. Factors like illiteracy, migration, joint family, married status and increased mental stress were significantly associated with substance use, however no association was found with socio economic status of the respondents.Conclusions: Government should take robust steps to improve the awareness and education status of the youth living in the slums. As the younger ages are most vulnerable ones, health education, IEC and BCC activities regarding the harmful effects of substance use along with life skills should be incorporated into the school curriculum.
Comparative study of etiological profile and outcome in acute liver failure
Authors: Nabi Tauseef , Rafiq Nadeema , Jamil Imran
Published: March 2019

Background: Acute liver failure (ALF) is a clinical syndrome that is marked by the sudden loss of hepatic function in a person without chronic liver disease. Clinical and etiological profile varies with geographical area and over time. The objective of this prospective study was to determine the etiological profile and outcome of ALF and to compare it with other major studies from India and US.

Methods: A total of 84 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of ALF were included in the study. The variables evaluated were demographic, signs and symptoms, biochemical parameters, etiological profile and outcome.  

Results: Viral hepatitis 32 (38.1%) was the most common cause of ALF but large number of the patients 30 (35.7%) had indeterminate aetiology. Among viral causes, acute hepatitis E (19.1%) was most common followed by hepatitis B (9.5%) and A (9.5%). Drug or toxic induced liver failure (17.8%) also contributed a significant proportion. Majority of the patients were male (51.9%) and the mean age was 39.48±20.11 years. Aetiology varied with other geographical area and even over time in the same area. Overall mortality was 44 (57.1%) in ALF patients, with highest mortality in indeterminate group (60%).

Conclusions: Like the rest of India, viral hepatitis was the common cause of ALF but a large number of patients 30 (35.7%) had indeterminate aetiology. Overall mortality was 57.1%. Our study highlights the differences in the profile of ALF from other earlier studies in India and the west.
Aortic Valve Myxoma Presenting with a Stroke: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Alkuwaiti Feras A. , Elghoneimy Yasser , Ghazal Sami
Published: March 2019

Myxomas originating from the aortic valve are rare. We report a 40-year-old male patient who presented to the King Fahd Hospital of the University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia, in 2017 with a stroke. Transoesophageal echocardiography indicated a mobile mass measuring 6 × 2 mm attached to the right coronary cusp of the aortic valve and a mobile interatrial septum with a small patent foramen ovale (PFO). The patient underwent surgical excision of the mass and direct closure of the PFO. Histopathology confirmed the mass to be a myxoma. Despite their rarity, the recognition and treatment of valvular myxomas is very important; moreover, clinicians should be aware that affected patients may present with an embolic stroke.Keywords: Aortic Valve; Myxoma; Patent Foramen Ovale; Stroke; Transesophageal Echocardiography; Case Report; Saudi Arabia.
Re: Primary Plasma Cell Leukaemia: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Dos Santos Vitorino M.
Published: March 2019

Letter to the Editor
关于庄林线公路改扩建工程的实践报告
Authors: 绍朋 李
Published: March 2019

工程质量是工程项目建设的核心因素，是决定工程建设成败的关键。其优劣直接影响工程建成后的运用。工程项目质量控制是工程建设投资，质量和进度三大目标之一，质量控制关系到项目工程的优劣，关系到相关人员的人身安全，也是能否顺利完成工程项目的关键。

本文在借鉴其他参考文献的同时，按照工程进度的节点，从分析质量与工程项目质量的含义出发，在明确其定义及包含内容的基础上，从全面质量管理的角度着手，突出施工方案和施工工序的选择在施工中的重要性，着重分析了工程项目质量控制工作中容易出现的问题。并在实践项目中，以通过课程学到的知识为依据，提出质量控制不仅仅局限于材料和施工技术方面，还应当在施工方案和施工工序的选择和确定上下功夫，同时加以总结。
大准铁路南坪隧道-滑坡蠕变特性试验研究
Authors: 建民 张 , 宜驰 路
Published: March 2019

大多滑坡的变形具有蠕滑性质，也就是说其变形破坏具有时间效应。本文以大准铁路南坪隧道-滑坡体系为背景，通过蠕变试验，揭示水作用下滑坡土体的蠕变特性，得到了滑坡蠕变规律和应变-时间关系、应力-应变关系。
浅析饿了么企业客户个性化服务
Authors: 瑶 徐 , 正德 鲍 , 晨曦 李
Published: March 2019

随着人们生活方式的改变和服务行业面临的高竞争环境，基于客户关系管理的客户个性化服务成为了各外卖平台的竞争焦点，各外卖平台为满足用户的个性化需求以维持现有客户并发展潜在客户进行了探索和研究。本文以饿了么企业客户个性化服务为例，通过识别客户个性化需求、分析客户价值差异等解决客户各类问题，并对客户需求定制化和客户定制营销等方面进行研究，以及对饿了么企业的客户个性化服务进行论述并提出改进措施。
对二叉树存储空间的压缩和查询效率的提升
Authors: 鹏 王 , 正德 鲍 , 臻铭 陈 , 晨曦 李
Published: March 2019

在搜索二叉树的基础上，利用二叉树的两种存储方式（链式存储和顺序存储）对空间占用上的差异，动态的转换存储方式，以压缩二叉树总体的大小。在引入动态转换机制后，二叉树的随机访问能得到提升。为防止树在两种存储方式上过多的转换而造成的性能损耗，引入了插入（删除）变长缓冲区机制。并引入多级索引缓冲机制提高树的查询效率。
电子商务如何在三四线城市蓬勃发展及其益处
Authors: 俊欢 王 , 正德 鲍 , 丽 何 , 晨曦 李
Published: March 2019

随着科技的发展，电子商务这种商业运营方式已经比较普遍存在了，这个普遍只是针对于一二线城市，三四线城市里可能都不会存在这种运营方式，即使有，规模也是很小的，制度也是很不完善的。实际上，三四线城市的电子商务不够成熟不仅仅局限于地理位置或者网络体系不全，还有缺乏这方面的知识教育，社会只顾着向前发展，却没有想到那些跟不上这支先进队伍的人，而本文则是给三四线城市电子商务的发展提出一些实际的建议，仅供参考
论民办高校学风建设举措之集中入座
Authors: 宇阳 潘 , 春梅 兰 , 希婧 杨
Published: March 2019

随着民办高校在我国的占有率逐渐增加，民办高校也逐渐获得了众多考生及家长的青睐。随着给民办高校贴上管理细致、服务好、就业率高，学生动手能力强等标签的同时，也有不少负面的名词随之而来，学风差、学生习惯不好、懒惰等等。的确，民办学校存在的这些问题是不容忽视的。那如何解决学生学风差这样的问题，就值得我们教育工作者去探讨和研究。
JAVA中的面向接口编程与简单工厂的应用
Authors: 鲤维 石 , 媛媛 黄 , 济生 杨 , 晨曦 李
Published: March 2019

接口是一种被广泛使用的代码结构，它也是一种常用的业务逻辑，特别是在java语言中，接口（interface）的概念经常用来减少代码量，提升代码的实用性。在各种逻辑业务中，要实现不同业务需求，只需要在不改变现有的代码的情况下对新的业务逻辑写出新的实现类即可，以此来降低对系统整体统一性的影响，提升了代码的两大关键性质，即可维护性和可伸缩性。简单的工厂模式，要创建的产品类某一个实例是通过传入的参数来进行确定的。通过两者的结合，在项目中能够做出更贴近实际的开发效果。
浅析面向接口编程——以Java语言为例
Authors: 虹霖 潘 , 春 赵 , 晨曦 李
Published: March 2019

随着计算机编程技术的发展，面向对象的编程方法在软件领域已得到广泛应用，同时程序的性能与效率也大大提高，但不足之处在于，由于面向对象编程应用的普遍性，在技术层面上可能会出现程序移植性与可拓展性不强、不能适应多变的业务需求等诸多问题，笔者希望通过介绍分析面向接口编程思想的应用与优势，为提升软件的扩展性提供一种更好的解决方法。
浅析基于电子商务下国产美妆的发展状况和网络营销策略
Authors: 馨 李 , 正德 鲍 , 晨曦 李
Published: March 2019

随着经济的快速发展，人们的生活水平逐渐的提高，人们对于社交的需求上涨，越来越多的人开始使用化妆品来修饰容貌，职场和各类公共场合中女士的淡妆也成为了一种礼节。美妆市场近几年来一直很火热，但国内的美妆品牌却始终比不上国外的美妆品牌，并且在营销上遇到了一些障碍，消费者由于层出不穷的质量问题而不信任国产的美妆，故导致国产美妆的推广难度较大。新型网络营销的出现挽救了这种现状，各大社交平台，直播平台，和专为美妆定制的电子商务平台，为国产美妆的网络营销打下了基础。本文主要分析在的网络营销环境下，研究消费者对国产美妆的态度以及美妆的购买需求，分析国产美妆得以发展的条件和前景，提出国产美妆的几种新的网络营销方式，为国产美妆的发展提供帮助。
论浅谈面向对象编程
Authors: 子聪 阳 , 晓丹 郭 , 晨曦 李
Published: March 2019

在程序的开发中，代码和框架结构也越来越复杂，而且当前需求不断变化，一款好的软件需要不断的更新和维护，这就要求代码必须具有好的复用性、可读性和扩展性。当最初使用面向过程编程方法实现的软件暴露出代码逻辑复杂、难以维护、更新等问题时，根据人们思考的问题的角度和处理问题方式提出了新的编程思想，面向对象的编程方法不仅提高了软件的灵活性、可扩展功能，还使得这一思想不仅应用于程序开发设计，还拓展到其它计算机领域。本文将较为简单地介绍面向对象编程的基本概念、特性和实现方法。
数据和隐私保护
Authors: 红力 杜 , 正德 鲍 , 晨曦 李
Published: March 2019

大数据时代的来临，数据给了科学研究无比坚强的后盾，与此同时也对社会安全，个人隐私，国民经济，国家安全利益，对秘密的保护都或多或少存在一定威胁。现在很多互联网公司对于数据的处理和保护都没有严格的规定，所以数据泄露和数据窃取才会尤为常见。如果对数据进行的处理得当，就算数据被窃取，问题也不大。本文主要是基于数据安全的相关知识，分析当下看似安全的数据背后的不安全，以及对于数据的一些处理的方法。
论当代大学生的时间价值观
Authors: 世明 罗 , 春梅 兰 , 宇阳 潘
Published: March 2019

在这信息大爆炸时代，越来越多的人没有时间观念，不重视对时间的管理，而我们大学生作为时代的主体，应有正确的时间价值观，对自己的时间进行有效的安排，以此来提高做事的效率，进一步提高自己。
浅谈民办高校学风建设创新举措
Authors: 春梅 兰
Published: March 2019

现在国家大力支持开展民办教育，鼓励创办民办高校。但民办高校的学生多数处于中等或偏小的水平，这些学生所具有的特性为民办高校的教育带来一些困扰，在学风建设方面，有很多的矛盾和问题显现。这使得我们的教育也要懂得变通，学会改革。我们的教育始终围绕着人的教育开展，所以学生这个主体在发生变化，我们的教育也要学会创新。
浅谈软件测试现状及研究方法
Authors: 杨 何 , 正德 鲍 , 晨曦 李
Published: March 2019

信息化时代的到来不仅推进了软件行业的蓬勃发展，而且在无形之中同时促进了软件测试行业的进步。但是就目前国内软件行情来说，与软件开发相比起来，软件测试还处于一个相对于开发人员的弱势位置，在软件开发周期中，软件测试的时间成本和精力成本被压缩和忽视。本文将基于软件测试的相关知识讨论和剖析在信息化时代下软件测试的现状的原因，和阐述了软件测试存在的不可或缺性和软件测试所用应用的措施以及办法。
UG软件在机械制图课程中的运用
Authors: 丽咏 王 , 国朋 杨
Published: March 2019

本文简要介绍了UG三维软件，分析了机械制图课程在教学中存在的问题，提出了UG三维软件应用到教学中的思路与方法, 并结合教学实践加以详细说明。通过UG三维软件在机械制图中的运用极大的调动了学生学习的积极性和自觉性。
过程方法在管理评审活动中的应用
Authors: 建 王 , 梦达 王 , 小娟 袁
Published: March 2019

质量管理标准倡导在建立、实施质量管理体系以及提高过程有效性时采用过程方法，本文介绍了如何运用过程方法来开展管理评审活动。
初中物理实验教学之我见
Authors: 伦万 谯
Published: March 2019

物理是一门以实验为基础的科学，实验是学生接触物理知识、探究物理原理的最佳途径。物理实验对课堂教学也有引领和导向作用。
基于Oracle的数据库性能优化研究
Authors: 弟 杜
Published: March 2019

在Oracle数据库设计的过程当中，设计人员长期重视的问题是如何更好地使得Oracle数据库的性能得到提高，特别是数据库表现方面比较关联的两个因素，第一个是执行SQL语句方面的速度，第二个是数据库内存配置管理方面的问题。在对SQL语句效率优化的时候，可以使得高级缓冲区和配置重做日志缓冲区得到扩充。本文主要介绍了Oracle数据库性能优化方面的相关措施，以此来探讨如何促进Oracle数据库性能的提高，使得数据库能够更好地服务于社会的发展。
计算机系统安全与技术防范的几点思考
Authors: 啸 罗
Published: March 2019

在我国互联网不断的发展过程中，越来越多的人会利用计算机进行工作与学习。虽然计算机网络普及范围领域逐渐广泛，计算机系统的利用给我们带来较大的便利，但是其中还是存在系统安全问题，导致人们对计算机的利用受到威胁，人们也对计算机系统的安全性有了越来越大的关注。文章主要通过分析计算机系统安全的重要性与其中存在的问题，提出相关的技术防范措施。
An examination of relationship between teachers’ self-efficacy perception on ICT and their attitude towards ICT usage in the classroom
Authors: Coban Omur , Atasoy Ramazan
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between teachers’ self-efficacy perception on ICT and their attitude to ICT usage in the classroom. For this purpose, two scales were used: ‘Teachers’ Self-efficacy Perception on ICT Scale’ and the ‘Teachers’ Attitude towards ICT Usage Scale’. A total of 42,307 teachers took part in this study. Mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation and linear regression analyses were used to analyse the collected data. A significant relationship was found between teachers’ self-efficacy perception on ICT and their attitude towards ICT usage in their classrooms. According to the findings, it can be said that if teachers’ self-efficacy level is high, teachers can use ICT in the learning process effectively and they can develop themselves in ICT use. Moreover, they can improve class management while using ICT.
Keywords: Self-efficacy, teachers’ attitude towards ICT usage, self-efficacy in ICT, teacher
Job demands and resources scale for physical education teachers: Is it valid in Turkish culture?
Authors: Engur Mustafa , Kiremitci Olcay , Boz Berkcan
Published: March 2019

The aim of the study was to adapt job demands and resources scale for Physical Education (PE) teachers into Turkish language. Two hundered and nineteen PE teachers participated in this study. In the scope of validity analyses of the scale, different techniques were used and expert opinion was obtained for the language content validity, while exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed for construct validity. Results of EFA showed that two main factors explained 34.91% of variance. CFA results revealed that the indices examined in terms of construct were at a good level with regards to data fit. In reliability analyses, internal consistency coefficient was calculated as 0.74 for the whole, 0.81 for job demands and 0.74 for job resources from the main factors. Results reveal that job demands-resources scale for PE teachers is reliable and valid for Turkish population.

 

Keywords: Physical education teacher, job demands, job resources, validity, reliability.
Social and psychological features of inter-cultural adaptation of Russian students in different universities
Authors: Kolesnikov Alexey A. , E. Nikulina Darya , Danilenko Ilya A. , Zimovets Natalya V.
Published: March 2019

Modern globalisation processes, the rapid entry of Russia into the world community, have given more opportunities to interact with various ethnic groups ranging from short-term tourist and business contacts to complex processes of migration and emigration. Migrants and visitors have different goals for staying in a new country, meanwhile the researchers note a lot in common within the adaptation processes of both groups. In particular, tension, stresses and experience of cultural shock during adaptation are observed. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct psychological studies not only of migrants who come for a long time to a new country, but also of visitors, i.e., interns, students who come to study in foreign universities. Anyway, all migrants face difficulties in interacting with local residents whose behaviour cannot be predicted. The host countryâ€™s customs often seem mysterious to them, and people seem strange.

Keywords: Adaptation, bologna process, ethnopsychology, exchange students.
The identification of students’ metaphorical perceptions about base values in Turkish language curriculum
Authors: Durdukoca Sule Firat , Demir Atalay Tazegul
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study is to define the metaphorical perceptions of secondary school students about basic values, such as justice, friendship, honesty, self-control, patience, respect, love, responsibility, patriotism and benevolence taught, in Turkish curriculum. The study used phenomenological design, and the study group consisted of a total of 114 secondary school students in seventh grade at a public school in Kars, Turkey. In the questionnaire, students were asked to convert their perceptions of the above-mentioned values into the following statement. ‘....value is like...../because.....’. The study results revealed that nearly 70% of the participants created metaphors related to base values, and the most frequent metaphor was ‘brotherhood’ that was created for the base value ‘friendship’. Also, it was found that one of the conceptual categories formed for ‘friendship’ was the only category that all the metaphors created by the participants were negative.
Keywords: Value education, metaphor, secondary school education curriculum, Turkish language curriculum
The Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences: 50 Years Studying the Society, the Vital Interests and People’s Values
Authors: Gorshkov Mikhail K.
Published: March 2019

The article presents the history of the first scientific sociological institution in the USSR in 1968. This event was important for the development of Russian sociological science, which for many years was in oblivion in our country. During its half-century history, the Institute changed its name – ICSI USSR Academy of Sciences, Institute of sociology RAS, FCTAS RAS, but remained a leading scientific sociological Institute. Over the years, it has accumulated a unique human potential – people, traditions, scientific schools. Today, the Institute maintains a leading position in Russian science, solving important tasks of studying the processes taking place in the Russian society, justifying scientific forecasts and giving recommendations. The new status of the Federal sociological center gives hope to the recognition by the government and the state of the important role of sociology in the understanding of society.
The ability to perform a post-traumatic examination as an indicator of the effects of teaching emergency medicine at the successive stages of the educational process: medical students, trainee physicians.
Authors: Pakulski Cezary , Denisiuk Maciej
Published: March 2019

Introduction. Emergency management at the accident site is often of key importance for the later fate of patients who have sustained severe injuries. The scheme for post-traumatic examination has been developed to improve dealing with trauma patients.Aim. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of teaching emergency medicine to students and graduates of the Faculty of Medicine in Szczecin, on the basis of their ability to carry out post-traumatic examination. The skills at recognizing a direct threat to life and performing basic life-saving procedures were appraised. Material and Methods. The study involved 81 individuals, who were evaluated three times at different stages of their educational process. Groups I and II comprised of fifth year students before and after an emergency medicine course, and group III consisted of trainee physicians. The Laerdal MegaCode Kelly manikin was employed in the project. Each of the simulated patients had the same external injury symptoms and parameters of vital functions.Results. Evaluation of vital functions was correctly done by 14.8% of group I, 59.3% of group II, and no one in group III. A quick post-traumatic examination was performed properly by 11.2% of group I, 55.5% of group II, and no one in group III.Conclusions. Group I lacked the ability to perform post-traumatic examination and first aid procedures. Participation in emergency medicine courses had positive effects on the participants’ skills (group II). The ability of trainee physicians (group III) to perform the majority of the tested elements of post-traumatic examination, including first aid procedures, noticeably declined and reached the initial level.
Women and men diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome – sex-related differences
Authors: Dudek Magdalena , Kałużna-Oleksy Marta , Migaj Jacek , Straburzyńska-Migaj Ewa
Published: March 2019

Background. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the most important causes of death in both men and women. There are many gender differences among patients with CAD, including risk factors and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) outcomes. The latest reports showed that mortality due to CAD is higher in women than in men. Cardiac biomarkers play an important role in risk stratification and choice of treatment strategy in patients with ACS, however some of cardiac biomarkers show worse sensitivity and specificity in women.Aim. The aim was to investigate the sex-related differences in patients with acute coronary syndrome and to compare their sex-related risk of in-hospital mortality.Material and Methods. Single-center study of patients diagnosed with ACS who underwent precutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Patients were diagnosed and treated according to ESC Guidelines. Statistical analysis was performed using StatSoft Statistica.Results. Of the 297 patients included in this study, 32% were women and 68% were men. There were 26.94% STEMI patients, 22.22% NSTEMI patients and 50.84% unstable angina patients. Compared with males, females were significant older (68.2 ± 10.6 vs. 64.8 ± 11.0; p = 0.0175). Levels of biomarkers of myocardial injury were significantly lower in women: CK-MB (p = 0.0241), troponin I (p = 0.0417) and CK (p = 0.0035) than in men. Women were less frequently treated with PCI or CABG (p = 0.0016) but the in-hospital outcomes (cardiogenic shock, sudden cardiac arrest or cardiac death) were similar in both groups (p = 0.8557).Conclusions. Women with ACS were older and have higher incidence of non-ST-elevation ACS than men.. In-hospital mortality show no significant difference between genders. Women were less likely to receive invasive treatment.
Current principles underlying clinician and pathologist cooperation in pathological and genetic diagnostics in breast cancer patients in the times of personalised medicine
Authors: Śrutek Ewa , Nowikiewicz Tomasz , Zegarski Wojciech
Published: March 2019

Positive long-term treatment outcome in cancer patients depends mainly on the disease stage. It also depends on selection of an optimum therapeutic management. In breast cancer patients, the final treatment arrangements result, to a large extent, from a quality of cooperation of medical personnel providing cancer diagnostics and therapy. This requires knowledge of mutual expectations of doctors of different specialisations. The most common problems in interdisciplinary communication are relatively easy to notice in relations between a clinician (surgeon) and a pathologist. This paper discusses the most important aspects of that relationship.
The impact of pollution on the mental health of the population
Authors: Cisek-Woźniak Angelika , Wójciak Rafał Wojciech , Mruczyk Kinga , Mizgier Małgorzata , Szczech Kinga
Published: March 2019

This paper analyzes the relationship between pollution of the natural environment and the population’s mental health, based on the example of three urban agglomerations: Gdańsk, Poznań, and Katowice. The following factors were analyzed: air quality, the quality of water from the municipal waterworks, data concerning social pathologies, number of private psychological, psychotherapeutic, and psychiatric practices, as well as statistics concerning psychiatric healthcare in the Pomeranian, Greater Poland, and Silesian voivodships in 2011. Based on the collected data, presented in a descriptive manner, a hypothesis was drawn that natural environment pollutions may influence the mental health of the population. This conclusion was drawn from the fact that worse air quality in Katowice correlates to a higher percentage of social pathologies and a higher demand for psychiatric healthcare than in Poznań or Gdańsk.
Are risk factors of cerebral small vessel disease differ from those in patients with high atherothrombotic risk without cerebrovascular disease?
Authors: Staszewski Jacek , Skrobowska Ewa , Piusińska-Macoch Renata , Brodacki Bogdan , Stępień Adam
Published: March 2019

Knowledge of risk factors for cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) may generate hypothesis regarding possible targets for prevention. Our aim was to evaluate if atherothrombotic risk factors differ between patients with CSVD and with subjects without cerebrovascular disease but with high cardiovascular (CVD) risk. A single-center, cohort study was performed in consecutive patients with different CSVD manifestations.  The study group consisted of 205 patients: 52 with lacunar stroke (LS), 20 with subcortical hemorrhagic stroke (HS), 50 with vascular dementia (VaD), 28 with vascular parkinsonism (VaP) and 55 controls (CG) with high CVD risk (35 with atherosclerotic CVD, 20 with 10-year risk of CVD with SCORE?5). Logistic regression was used to analyze the influence of clinical and laboratory data on the occurrence of CSVD. Mean age, sex distribution, prevalence of smoking, hyperlipidemia, peripheral artery disease and obesity were similar in CSVD and CG. The factors significantly associated with CSVD compared to controls were diabetes mellitus, polymetabolic syndrome, elevated systolic blood pressure, low levels of eGFR, HDL, albumin and high uric acid, fibrinogen, fasting glucose, HbA1c and intima medic thickness (p<0.05). Hypertension, chronic kidney disease and elevated fasting blood glucose were related to LS and HS (p<0.1).  Diabetes was significantly associated with LS and VaD while smoking and low total cholesterol were related to HS (p<0.1). The study confirms that risk factors profile for CSVD differs from subjects with proatherogenic profile without history of cerebrovascular disease. Our results also support that unique risk factors profiles exist for different manifestations of the CSVD.
Comparative characteristics of chosen aspects of tobacco smoking among the students of Poznan University of Medical Sciences and students of vocational medical colleges in Poznań
Authors: Korzeniowska Katarzyna Agnieszka , Pawlaczyk Magdalena , Cieślewicz Artur , Jabłecka Anna
Published: March 2019

Objectives: Medical doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and paramedics are professions placing themselves highest in the rankings of occupations granted public trust. The knowledge of the negative impact of tobacco use on physical condition possessed by those occupational groups ought to limit the addiction among this population, which should constitute a benchmark of health-promoting attitude for the public. Many health-promoting decisions are made during the period of studies. The study aimed to establish the scale of tobacco smoking and the profile of chosen aspects of this issue among students of Poznan University of Medical Sciences and students of vocational medical colleges in Poznań.Material and Methods: An author questionnaire was conducted. 586 students (471 University students, 115 college students) aged between 19 and 65 completed the survey.Results: The majority (76,62%) of the surveyed students were non-smokers. Smokers were predominately male (the entire surveyed population, University students). Medical college students smoked more cigarettes daily compared to the University students. The most commonly declared reason for smoking was the social purpose. Among former smokers, female more often than male indicated health considerations and the knowledge of harmful effects of smoking as reasons for quitting; among college students, the most common reason was health considerations, whereas University students listed knowledge of the harmfulness of smoking, health considerations, and other motives most often.Conclusions: Both University students and medical college students smoked more rarely than their contemporaries in the general population. The respondents constitute a group displaying relatively high prevalence of health-promoting attitudes.
Femoral Neck Fracture Fixation with a Medial Buttress Plate That Led to Impingement with Hip Flexion
Authors: Marchand Lucas S. , Karns Michael , Higgins Thomas F. , Aoki Stephen K.
Published: March 2019

Case:

A 47-year-old man with an isolated femoral neck fracture was treated with open reduction and internal fixation with a medial femoral neck buttress plate and a dynamic hip screw. Union was achieved without osteonecrosis of the femoral head. However, hip arthroscopy that was performed for persistent hip pain following the fracture union revealed an intra-articular impingement of the buttress plate and a substantial anterior acetabular chondral injury.

Conclusions:

To our knowledge, this is the first reported complication associated with the application of a medial buttress plate for a femoral neck fracture. This case report may help surgeons who employ this technique to avoid a similar complication.
Successful Fixation of a Tuberculous Nonunion of the Humeral Shaft
Authors: Patel Ronak M. , Miller Anna N.
Published: March 2019

Case:

A 48-year-old man from North Africa with a history of infection after fixation of a humeral fracture presented 8 years later with an infected nonunion. After operative debridement, Mycobacterium tuberculosis grew on culture. Following a 2-stage surgical procedure and medical management of the tuberculosis (TB), successful union had been achieved at the 1-year follow-up.

Conclusion:

Nonunion of the humerus caused by TB is a rare entity, but careful attention to patient demographics can forewarn the care provider. Irrigation and debridement with the Masquelet technique followed by compression plating and an iliac crest autograft can provide positive results.
DOENÇAS DIAGNOSTICADAS PELO LABORATÓRIO DE PATOLOGIA VETERINÁRIA EM 2016
Authors: Carneiro Christofe , Piva Manoela M. , Gris Anderson , Cechin Renan A. , Rhoden Leandro A. , Santiani Fabio , Gomes Denilso J. , Stedille Fernanda A. , Baldi Kelen R. A. , Gomes Teane M. A. , Mendes Ricardo E.
Published: March 2019

Este trabalho apresenta a casuística de diagnósticos no ano de 2016 do Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária do IFC Campus Concórdia. Foram 236 diagnósticos em bovinos, 31 em ovinos e 125 em suínos, totalizando 392. Destes, 268 (68,4%) foram através de necropsias e 124 (31,6%) através de amostras formolizadas enviadas por veterinários. Em bovinos as doenças mais incidentes foram miosite clostridial com 16 casos (6,8%); leucose enzoótica bovina com 9 casos (3,8%); salmonelose com 8 casos (3,4%); intoxicação por nitrato/nitrito com 8 casos (3,4%); hemoncose com 7 casos (3,1%) e anaplasmose com 6 casos (2,6%). Já em ovinos foi hemoncose com 6 casos (19,4%) e em suínos doença de Glässer com 8 casos (6,4%); circovirose com 6 casos (4,8%) e raquitismo com 6 casos (4,8%).
DOENÇAS DIAGNOSTICADAS PELO LABORATÓRIO DE PATOLOGIA VETERINÁRIA EM 2017
Authors: Carneiro Christofe , Gris Anderson , Cechin Renan A. , Mingotti Taisson R. , Bavaresco Lucas H. , Carneiro Daniele C. S. , Miglioranza Débora , Alves Felipe D. , Freyer Max J. , Gomes Teane M. A. , Mendes Ricardo E.
Published: March 2019

Este trabalho apresenta a casuística de diagnósticos no ano de 2017 do Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária do IFC Campus Concórdia. Foram 230 diagnósticos em bovinos, 32 em ovinos e 93 em suínos, totalizando 355. Destes, 247 (69,6%) foram através de necropsias e 108 (30,4%) através de amostras formolizadas enviadas por veterinários. Em bovinos as doenças mais incidentes foram anaplasmose e babesiose com 11 casos cada (4,8%); endocardite com 7 casos (3,0%); hemoncose com 6 casos (2,6%) e retículo pericardite traumática com 6 casos (2,6%). Já em ovinos foi hemoncose com 5 casos (15,7%) e suínos doença de Glässer e colibacilose com 6 casos cada (6,4%).
Atlas de fotos
Authors: Mendes Ricardo E. , Gris Anderson
Published: March 2019

Apresenta-se nesse capítulo fotos das principais lesões macroscópicas descritas na casuística do volume 2 do Boletim de Diagnóstico do Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária.
Magnesium sulfate decreases the dose of rocuronium for satisfactory double lumen tube placement condition in patients with myasthenia gravis
Authors: Fei Shoujun , Xia Hengfu , Chen Xiaowei , Pang Dazhi , Xu Xuebing
Published: March 2019

Background: Titrating a low dose of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers for induction of general anesthesia for patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) is a popular accepted practice. This practice may confront with unsatisfactory intubation conditions, especially for double lumen tube (DLT). This double-blind randomised study was to investigate whether magnesium sulfate could decrease the rocuronium demand and improve the DLT placement conditions for MG patients who scheduled for video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) thymectomy.
Methods: The patients were randomly assigned into the magnesium sulfate or normal saline group. After acquiring the adequate sedative depth, magnesium sulfate(60mg.kg-1) or normal saline(control) was given to the patients in two groups respectively. After that, the same Train of Four (TOF) value was obtained with one or more doses of 0.05 mg.kg-1 rocuronium with 3 minutes interval, then DLT was intubated. The primary and secondary observational outcomes were the cumulative rocuronium dose and the intubation condition for DLT placement respectively.
Results: 23 patients in the magnesium sulphate group and 22 patients in the control group completed the study. The amount of rocuronium used to meet the setting value of TOF were 0.10 (0.05)mg.kg-1 and 0.28(0.17) mg.kg-1 in the magnesium sulphate and control group respectively (P<0.0001). Under a similar depth of neuromuscular blockade and sedation, 23 patients in magnesium sulphate group and 16 patients in control group showed excellent intubation condition. The patients in both groups showed similar characteristics of recovery from neuromuscular blockade.
Conclusions: Our research showed that magnesium sulfate could decrease the rocuronium demand for satisfactory DLT intubation condition in MG patients.
Effect of acupuncture on menopausal vasomotor symptoms (VMS): A study protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Bogachko Anna , Li Shanshan , Li Tian , Yin Xuan , Yin Ping , Lao Lixing , Xu Shifen
Published: March 2019

Background

During menopause, many women are troubled by vasomotor symptoms (VMS) when hot flashes, night sweats, or both, interfere with normal daily life. Both hormone therapy (HT) and taking antidepressants are common ways to reduce VMS but they have associated health risks such as breast cancer and thromboembolic events. Acupuncture is found to be a safe treatment option to reduce VMS and recent studies have demonstrated positive results applying personalized selections of acupuncture points. Hence, we hypothesize acupuncture, according to Chinese Medicine's basic principle of pattern differentiation, can reduce both frequency and severity of VMS in menopausal women. We designed a randomized controlled trial to test the hypothesis using a wait-list group as a control group and pattern differentiation to find an optimal therapeutic treatment.

Method/Design

The study is a single-center, pragmatic, randomized control trial with two parallel arms, to assess the effectiveness of acupuncture in 60 women in the Shanghai international and Chinese community with peri- and postmenopausal VMS. Eligible participants will be randomly assigned into two groups on a ratio 1:1. An acupuncture group of 30 women will twice weekly receive totally 12 acupuncture treatments and we will follow their treatment response through their VMS self-rating journal entries recorded at baseline, during intervention and twice post intervention as primary outcome. A waitlisted control group will record the same self-ratings of their VMS for purposes of comparison. After the six-week wait period is over, they will receive the same 12 sessions acupuncture treatment. As a second outcome, menopause-specific quality of life indicators will be assessed at baseline and twice post intervention by all participants.

Discussion

If the outcome of this study confirms acupuncture to be an effective and safe management method to reduce VMS in menopausal women, we expect further investigations and trials to clinically find optimal acupuncture treating strategies.
Jiao-tai-wan for insomnia symptoms caused by the disharmony of the heart and kidney: a study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Zeng Congcong , Liu Xi , Hu Lufeng , Feng Yuan , Xia Nengzhi , Zeng Haihuan , Luo Lin , Ye Ren , Yuan zhengzhong
Published: March 2019

Background

Insomnia seriously affects people’s normal lives and work. However, effective treatment strategies are scarce. The purpose of this study is to explore the efficacy and safety of Jiao-tai-wan (JTW) for ameliorating insomnia symptoms caused by disharmony of the heart and kidney.

Design

This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot clinical trial. One hundred twenty-eight participants suffering from insomnia symptoms will randomly assigned to the JTW or placebo group in an equal ratio. The participants will be asked to take JTW or placebo granules twice a day for 1 week. All data will be gathered at baseline and at the end of the drug intervention after random allocation. The primary outcome measures will be the mean change in the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) from baseline to the end of the drug intervention. Secondary outcome measures will include the altered sleep parameters in polysomnography, 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) evaluation, the Disharmony of Heart and Kidney Scoring System score and blood tests, including the levels of serum adenosine and melatonin. A laboratory test will be taken before and after treatment to assess the safety of JTW.

Discussion

The outcomes of this study will confirm the efficacy of JTW for the treatment of insomnia symptoms and will also be used to monitor the safety of JTW.