bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What American children's museum mission statements say about Lifelong Competencies
Authors: Kupiec Kathleen
Published: February 2024

Children's museums are a distinct type of museum—one particularly poised to engage and support the development of Lifelong Competencies that will help children live into their own successful and fulfilling futures. Understudied in the children's museum, which one(s) they prioritize is largely unknown, and, thus, so is their optimization. This work draws upon the important communication tool of institutional mission statements. Frequency analysis of the terms in 321 American children's museum mission statements (Study A) identified that children's museums prioritize the Lifelong Competencies of creativity and curiosity. Thematic analysis of the 119 mission statements that included these terms (Study B) indicated that children's museums' intended practice for achieving creativity and curiosity is through experiences, environments, and play with a focus on hands‐on and interactive elements, family‐friendly features, eliciting a positive affect, and experiences that are educational and innovative. Furthermore, creativity and curiosity are primarily valued as mediators toward learning.
Bardet‐Biedl syndrome: A clinical overview focusing on diagnosis, outcomes and best‐practice management
Authors: Shoemaker Ashley
Published: February 2024

Bardet‐Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a genetic disorder characterized by early‐onset obesity, polydactyly, genital and kidney anomalies, developmental delay and vision loss due to rod‐cone dystrophy. BBS is an autosomal recessive disorder with >20 implicated genes. The genotype–phenotype relationship in BBS is not clear, and there may be additional modifying factors. The underlying mechanism is dysfunction of primary cilia. In BBS, receptor trafficking in and out of the cilia is compromised, affecting multiple organ systems. Along with early‐onset obesity, hyperphagia is a prominent symptom and contributes significantly to clinical morbidity and caregiver burden. While there is no cure for BBS, setmelanotide is a new pharmacotherapy approved for treatment of obesity in BBS. The differential diagnosis for BBS includes other ciliopathies, such as Alstrom syndrome, and other genetic obesity syndromes, such as Prader‐Willi syndrome. Careful clinical history and genetic testing can help determine the diagnosis and a multidisciplinary team is necessary to guide clinical management.
Efficacy and safety of daratumumab, pomalidomide, and dexamethasone versus daratumumab, carfilzomib, and dexamethasone in daratumumab‐naïve relapsed multiple myeloma
Authors: Dima Danai , Mansour Razan , Davis James A. , Minchak Megan , Goel Utkarsh , Atallah Rawan , Logan Emerson , Tabak Carine , Rashid Aliya , Ahmed Nausheen , Abdallah Al‐Ola , Hashmi Hamza
Published: February 2024

Objectives and Methods

We conducted a multicenter retrospective study to analyze the safety and efficacy of DPd versus DKd in daratumumab naïve RRMM patients treated in real‐world practice.

Results

A total of 187 patients with RRMM were included in the analysis; 128 patients received DPd, and 59 patients received DKd. A vast majority (80%) of patients had lenalidomide refractory disease and nearly 50% had bortezomib refractory disease. The overall response and complete response rates were 76% and 34% in the DPd group versus 80% and 51% in the DKd group, respectively. With a median follow up of 36 months for the entire patient population, median PFS and OS in the DPd versus DKd groups were 12, 12, 37, and 35 months, respectively. The most common grade 3+ adverse events in the DPd versus DKd groups were neutropenia (32% vs. 7%), anemia (14% vs. 10%), thrombocytopenia (13% vs. 15%), and cardiovascular events (4% vs. 15%), respectively. Both DPd and DKd appeared to be a safe and effective treatment options for RRMM.

Conclusions

While there were more cytopenias associated with DPd and more cardiovascular side effects with DKd, there were no significant differences in the survival outcomes with these two regimens.
Molecular dynamics simulation of effects of loading parameters on fatigue crack growth behavior in titanium single crystal
Authors: Liu Xinran , Chang Le , Ma Tianhao , Zhou Changyu
Published: February 2024

The fatigue crack growth behavior in single‐crystal titanium with a prismatic crack was simulated using molecular dynamics (MD) considering the effects of applied temperature, strain ratio, and strain rate. The results indicate that the material exhibits transient cyclic hardening behavior and dominant cyclic softening behavior. The peak tensile stress decreases with increasing temperature or decreasing strain rate. The deformation mechanism for crack growth involves prismatic dislocation emission and the formation of vacancy defects at different loading conditions. Deformation twinning occurs at the highest temperature, and a secondary crack emerges at the highest strain rate. The Mises stress concentration at the twin boundary and the coalescence between the initial and secondary cracks may accelerate crack propagation. The ΔJ shows good linear relationships with fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR), indicating that ΔJ possesses the potential to assess fatigue crack growth behavior at the atomic scale for ductile metallic materials.
Framingham risk score based vascular outcomes in acute versus chronic HIV cohorts after 6 years of ART
Authors: Holroyd Kathryn Brown , Han Win Min , Apornpong Tanakorn , Trautmann Lydie , Gatechompol Sivaporn , Hiransuthikul Akarin , Ubolyam Sasiwimol , Sacdalan Carlo , Sriplienchan Somchai , Kanaprach Ratchapong , Kerr Stephen , Avihingsanon Anchalee , Spudich Serena , Chan Phillip
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Immune dysregulation persists in people with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and may lead to accelerated vascular ageing and cardiovascular disease (CVD). While delayed time to initiation of ART has been linked to worse cardiovascular outcomes, the effect of ART initiation during acute infection on these outcomes is not well understood.

Methods

Participants were enrolled from the SEARCH010/RV254 acute HIV (AHI) and HIV‐NAT chronic HIV (CHI) cohorts in Thailand. Participants with 6‐year follow‐up and viral suppression (viral load < 50 copies/μL) at follow‐up were included. Both unmatched cohorts and age and gender‐matched cohorts were analysed. Demographics, HIV laboratories, and cardiovascular risk factors from enrolment and 6‐year follow‐up were obtained from electronic records. Framingham Risk Score (FRS), vascular age (VA), vascular age deviation (VAD), and 10‐year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk were calculated from previously published equations. Vascular outcomes in AHI and CHI cohorts were compared, and univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses were used to investigate risk factors associated with worse vascular scores.

Results

In all, 373 AHI participants and 608 CHI participants were identified. AHI participants were of younger age, had a higher prevalence of syphilis and a lower prevalence of prior hepatitis B, tuberculosis, diabetes, and hypertension. Higher CD4 T‐cell and lower CD8 T‐cell counts were seen in the AHI cohort at enrolment and 6‐year follow‐up. In all participants, the AHI cohort had a lower median FRS (p < 0.001) and VA (p < 0.001), but higher VAD (p < 0.001). However, in matched cohorts, no differences were found in FRS‐based outcomes. In all participants, higher VAD after 6 years of ART was associated with higher body mass index (p < 0.001) and higher CD4 count (p < 0.001), which persisted in multivariable analysis. When FRS components were analysed individually, CD4 count was associated only with male sex and cholesterol.

Conclusions

We did not identify differences in FRS‐based vascular outcomes at 6 years in matched cohorts of participants who started ART during AHI versus CHI. We identified a correlation between higher CD4 count and worse FRS‐based vascular outcomes, which may be driven by underlying metabolic risk factors. Further study is needed to confirm these findings and evaluate underlying mechanisms.
Effects of preform structure on microstructure and mechanical properties of long/short fiber‐coupled C/C–SiC composites
Authors: Ye Zhiyong , Wang Yalei , Xiong Xiang , Wang Jinming , Li Tongqi , Liu Huaifei , Liu Zaidong , Wei Yanbin
Published: February 2024

C/C–SiC composites with four different preform structures were prepared via chemical vapor infiltration and reactive melt infiltration (RMI). The effects of preform structure on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the C/C–SiC composites were thoroughly investigated. The results indicate that the porous C/C composites with multidirectional long/short fiber‐coupling exhibited consistent pore size distribution (diameter: 5–300 µm) and periodicity pore distribution characteristics. As the effective fiber volume fraction in the loading direction of the C/C–SiC composites increased from 11.71% to 21.04%, the tensile and flexural strength significantly increased by 64.44% and 44.03%, respectively, with minimal effect on compressive and interlaminar shear properties. The introduction of Z‐direction fiber, such as stitched structure, increased the compressive and interlaminar shear strength of the composites by 10.87% and 15.67%, respectively. A theoretical predictive model of ultimate tensile strength after modification was validated for application to the C/C–SiC composites prepared by RMI, through characterization of the volume fraction of each layered unit and the content of each component. However, the presence of defects caused by the stitched structure, such as fiber bending, occupancy, and pores, reduced tensile and flexural strength by 30.45% and 28.56%, thereby impacting the effectiveness of the predictive model negatively.
Working from home during the COVID‐19 state of emergency in Japan
Authors: Takami Tomohiro , Yamamoto Yuzo
Published: February 2024

This study examines the impact of working from home on how the working hours of full‐time employees varied by task characteristics during the first COVID‐19 state of emergency in Japan. One of the employment issues during the COVID‐19 pandemic was which type of job maintained working hours despite the spread of infection. Research in various countries argued that working from home effectively maintained normal business operations without interruption. However, Japan's situation regarding working from home and maintaining working hours during the pandemic differed. Under the first state of emergency, the government strongly promoted work‐from‐home measures for office workers, regardless of the tasks they were responsible for at their workplaces. In cases where a task was incompatible with working remotely, work stagnated or ceased entirely, which was reflected in the hours worked. This study considered shortened work hours by not maintaining full‐time work hours during the emergency period as an indicator of the dysfunctional state of business operations. The results demonstrated that work‐from‐home arrangements resulted in shortened work hours if the tasks of workers were incompatible with the scheme. We further revealed a tendency in which work‐from‐home arrangements were discontinued after the emergency period when it involved shortened work hours during the emergency period. The results suggested that work‐from‐home settings are not sustainable beyond emergency situations unless business operations function as indicated by maintaining full‐time work hours.
Immobility in Moldova: Beyond the migration paradigm
Authors: Bogdan Ludmila
Published: February 2024

This paper explores the motivations and barriers behind the decision of economically disadvantaged Moldovans to refrain from migrating for better economic prospects. Drawing on 30 qualitative interviews with voluntary stayers, it uncovers a range of individual‐level characteristics that impede migration aspirations. These findings highlight the heightened sensitivity of lower‐wage stayers to their perceived social status abroad, their limited adaptability to new cultures and environments and their lower willpower to endure the challenges of long‐term gains. Moreover, this paper sheds light on their contentment with modest material gains and their aversion to migration risks. At the structural level, it emphasizes how social inequalities act as barriers for specific social groups, particularly the economically disadvantaged. These empirical insights challenge prevailing assumptions about the dominance of economic costs and network abroad in migration decision‐making, offering a fresh perspective on the social factors and costs shaping stayers' choices.
Prevalence of swallowing difficulties and associated factors in older people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Sanders Kim J. V. , Elbers Roy G. , Bastiaanse Luc P. , Echteld Michael A. , Evenhuis Heleen M. , Festen Dederieke A. M.
Published: February 2024

Background

We investigated the prevalence of swallowing difficulties and associated factors in people with intellectual disability.

Methods

We included people aged 50+ receiving care for people with intellectual disabilities. The Dysphagia Disorder Survey (DDS) was used to assess swallowing difficulties. We determined the agreement between the DDS and swallowing difficulties in medical records. We used logistic regression analyses to explore associated factors.

Results

One thousand and fifty people were included. The prevalence of swallowing difficulties was 43.8%. Swallowing difficulties were not reported in the medical records of 83.3% of these cases. Frailty (odds ratio (OR) = 4.22, 95% CI = 2.05–8.71), mobility impairment (OR = 2.50, 95% CI = 1.01–6.19), and mealtime dependency (OR = 3.05, 95% CI = 1.10–8.47) were independently associated with swallowing difficulties.

Conclusion

Swallowing difficulties are prevalent in older people with intellectual disability but may be under‐recognised. Frailty may be a good indicator for population‐based screening for swallowing difficulties.
Incorporating hands‐on experiments into an online science course
Authors: Ye Dan , Pennisi Svoboda , Naranjo Leynar Leyton
Published: February 2024

Background

With the rapid proliferation of online education, it is incumbent upon teachers to find ways to provide online students with science laboratory experiences. Existing research on online labs focuses heavily on computer‐supported inquiry learning environments, such as virtual laboratories and remote laboratories. There are limited studies on kitchen labs or home labs.

Objectives

This study investigated the effectiveness of home labs using lab kits from two perspectives: students' perceptions and experiences of labs conducted in a home environment, as well as whether home labs help with students' knowledge acquisition.

Methods

This study employed lab quizzes to assess students' performance and lab reports to evaluate students' ability to interpret the lab results accurately in the authentic home lab contexts. Surveys and semi‐structured interviews were used to collect students' perceptions and experience data regarding these hands‐on experiments at home.

Results and Conclusions

We found that students' perceptions of home labs are similar to that of face‐to‐face labs, but they generally perceive home labs to be less complex. Students' performances on lab quizzes and lab reports indicate that the majority of them were able to apply the key scientific concepts to accurately interpret lab results in authentic home lab contexts. Students perceived that home labs provide flexibility and help in connecting learning to the real world. However, they also face challenges such as unexpected results and ambiguity during the process.

Implications

Based on the key findings from this study and our reflections, four practice guidelines were provided for teaching hands‐on experiments online.
Decolonizing education through Ayuuk indigenous praxis: Three visions from Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: Lebrato Matthew J.
Published: February 2024

This article examines how educators and students at the Instituto Superior Intercultural Ayuuk (ISIA), an intercultural university in Oaxaca, Mexico, are decolonizing education. They do so by drawing on forms of praxis that are salient in Ayuuk indigenous communities, across Oaxaca, and in Latin America. While scholars have demonstrated how indigenous “cosmopolitics” exceeds western norms, research on why some forms of knowledge gain traction outside of their original context has been scant. I utilize the framework of translation to examine three visions of Ayuuk praxis at the ISIA and to suggest why some forms of knowledge are successfully translated across the epistemological boundary between community knowledge and school knowledge. Focusing on the epistemological negotiations between Ayuuk students and professors highlights the challenges of decolonizing education, even when all key actors are indigenous.  This work thus contributes to a growing body of scholarship concerned with constructing robustly plural and decolonial societies and institutions.
Cover Image
Authors: Seki Mai , Sano Takaaki , Saito Emi , Ogawa Masaru , Yokoo Satoshi , Oyama Tetsunari
Published: February 2024

The cover image is based on the Original Article Tertiary lymphoid structures in tongue cancer: Association with clinicopathological parameters, preoperative S‐1 chemotherapy response, and prognosis by Mai Seki et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/jop.13509.

image
Fluorescent styrenes for mitochondrial imaging and viscosity sensing
Authors: Singh Deepmala , Ghorpade Mohini , Regar Ramprasad , Collot Mayeul , Soppina Virupakshi , Kanvah Sriram
Published: February 2024

Fluorophores bearing cationic pendants, such as the pyridinium group, tend to preferentially accumulate in mitochondria, whereas those with pentafluorophenyl groups display a distinct affinity for the endoplasmic reticulum. In this study, we designed fluorophores incorporating pyridinium and pentafluorophenyl pendants and examined their impact on sub‐cellular localization. Remarkably, the fluorophores exhibited a notable propensity for the mitochondrial membrane. Furthermore, these fluorophores revealed dual functionality by facilitating the detection of viscosity changes within the sub‐cellular environment and serving as heavy‐atom‐free photosensitizers. With easy chemical tunability, wash‐free imaging, and a favorable signal‐to‐noise ratio, these fluorophores are valuable tools for imaging mitochondria and investigating their cellular processes.
Iron status and root cell morphology of Arabidopsis thaliana as modified by a bacterial ferri‐siderophore
Authors: Avoscan Laure , Lurthy Tristan , Lherminier Jeannine , Arnould Christine , Loria Pierre‐Manuel , Wu Ting‐Di , Guerquin‐Kern Jean‐Luc , Pivato Barbara , Lemaître Jean‐Paul , Lemanceau Philippe , Mazurier Sylvie
Published: February 2024

We previously provided evidence for the contribution of pyoverdine to the iron nutrition of Arabidopsis. In the present article, we further analyze the mechanisms and physiology of the adaptations underlying plant iron nutrition through Fe(III)‐pyoverdine (Fe(III)‐pvd). An integrated approach combining microscopy and nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) on plant samples was adopted to localize pyoverdine in planta and assess the impact of this siderophore on the plant iron status and root cellular morphology. The results support a possible plant uptake mechanism of the Fe(III)‐pvd complex by epidermal root cells via a non‐reductive process associated with the presence of more vesicles. Pyoverdine was transported to the central cylinder via the symplastic and/or trans‐cellular pathway(s), suggesting a possible root‐to‐shoot translocation. All these processes led to enhanced plant iron nutrition, as previously shown. Overall, these findings suggest that bacterial siderophores contribute to plant iron uptake and homeostasis.
Writing and imagining ritual in the Babylonian New Year festival texts
Authors: Debourse Céline
Published: February 2024

In cuneiform culture the New Year Festival was an important ritual of kingship. The most fundamental source for the reconstruction of this festival is a small corpus of cuneiform ritual texts that describe the ritual actions and prayers to be performed during the first days of the year. Those texts were written by Babylonian priests during the Persian‐Hellenistic period (484–140 BCE), when Babylonia had come under foreign rule. Why were these ritual texts outlining a royal ritual created at a time when Babylonia was governed by foreign rulers, who had little interest in Babylonian religious traditions? Why write down rituals at all? In this paper, I show how these New Year Festival texts are programmatic more than instructional, as they give shape to a new ritual paradigm in which Babylonian priests, not kings, are the central authority of the cult.
The effect of parent–adolescent discrepancies in reports of familial dysfunction and depression on suicidal ideation in adolescents
Authors: Sachs Raney , Nakonezny Paul A. , Balzen Kennedy M. , Heerschap Jessica , Kennard Betsy D. , Emslie Graham J. , Stewart Sunita M.
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Parents and adolescents are often discrepant in their reports of adolescent psychosocial factors. Few studies have addressed parent–adolescent discrepancies in subjective ratings of familial dysfunction and depression as longitudinal predictor variables, and none have done so in a treatment setting for adolescents with acute suicidality. This study examined how parent–adolescent discrepancies in familial dysfunction and depression impact adolescent treatment response in an intensive outpatient program for suicidality.

Methods

Adolescents (N = 315) were assessed at treatment entry and exit for familial dysfunction, depression, and suicidal ideation. Parents received parallel assessments of familial dysfunction and adolescent depression at each time point. A polynomial regression was conducted to determine whether parent–adolescent discrepancies in reports of familial dysfunction and depression at entry related to the treatment outcome of adolescent‐reported depression and suicide ideation at exit.

Results

Significant discrepancies were present with on average adolescents reporting more depression and familial dysfunction than parents. Entry discrepancy in familial dysfunction (but not depression) predicted suicide ideation at exit.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that parent–adolescent discrepancies in perception of familial dysfunction is a risk factor for poor outcomes in suicidal youth and might be a fruitful target in treatment programs.
Making and Using Technology: Shifting toward Possibility and Vision
Authors: Suereth Russell
Published: February 2024

The problem this article addresses is that we excel at making tools and technologies, yet the things we build and how we build them are often harmful to humanity and the environment. Examples from rocket and chemical technologies show that we continue to use technologies in the wrong way. We build rockets that take us to the moon, yet we use rocket technology to build missiles that attack and kill others. We build chemical compounds to power engines, yet we use chemical technology to create pesticides that cause illnesses. This article suggests that we move beyond building and using technologies in ways that are harmful to humanity and the environment. The research aims to consider whether we can move beyond being makers. It considers whether we can better recognize the possibilities of what things can be made and how we can build and use them. The research further considers that we create visions based on those possibilities. These visions could help guide us toward pathways that are more beneficial to humankind and our planet. The article examines the concepts of possibility and vision from writers such as Thoreau, Gibran, and Huxley. The research considers literature that discusses humanity in the context of making, possibility, and vision. From this research, the article hopes to show that we can understand the possibilities in things and ourselves. Through this understanding, we may create visions that lead us to make the right things while building and using them in the right ways.
Patterns of recombination in snakes reveal a tug-of-war between PRDM9 and promoter-like features
Authors: Hoge Carla , de Manuel Marc , Mahgoub Mohamed , Okami Naima , Fuller Zachary , Banerjee Shreya , Baker Zachary , McNulty Morgan , Andolfatto Peter , Macfarlan Todd S. , Schumer Molly , Tzika Athanasia C. , Przeworski Molly
Published: February 2024

In some mammals, notably humans, recombination occurs almost exclusively where the protein PRDM9 binds, whereas in vertebrates lacking an intact
PRDM9
, such as birds and canids, recombination rates are elevated near promoter-like features. To determine whether PRDM9 directs recombination in nonmammalian vertebrates, we focused on an exemplar species with a single, intact
PRDM9
ortholog, the corn snake (
Pantherophis guttatus
). Analyzing historical recombination rates along the genome and crossovers in pedigrees, we found evidence that PRDM9 specifies the location of recombination events, but we also detected a separable effect of promoter-like features. These findings reveal that the uses of PRDM9 and promoter-like features need not be mutually exclusive and instead reflect a tug-of-war that is more even in some species than others.
Research needs for loss and damage
Authors: Thomas Adelle
Published: February 2024

The 28th Conference of the Parties (COP28) of the United Nations (UN) climate negotiations concluded in December against a backdrop of shattered climate records, extreme weather, and climate events in 2023 that resulted in substantial loss of life, impacts on health and wellbeing, climate-related mobility, food and water insecurity, and other socioeconomic effects worldwide. In this context, the importance of addressing loss and damage (L&D)—the negative impacts of climate change that persist despite mitigation and adaptation efforts—was paramount. With countries having agreed at the opening plenary to operationalize the L&D fund that was established in 2022 at COP27, inputs from the scientific community will be essential as the global community now seeks to bring the fund online.
A spiking fever
Authors: Roberts Leslie
Published: February 2024

Long neglected, Lassa fever is surging in West Africa. Researchers want to know why
Unique high-temperature tolerance mechanisms of zoochlorellae
Symbiochlorum hainanensis
derived from scleractinian coral
Porites lutea
Authors: Xiao Yilin , Gao Luyao , Li Zhiyong
Published: February 2024

Global warming is a key issue that causes coral bleaching mainly because of the thermosensitivity of zooxanthellae. Compared with the well-studied zooxanthellae Symbiodiniaceae in coral holobionts, we rarely know about other coral symbiotic algae, let alone their thermal tolerance. In this study, a zoochlorellae,
Symbiochlorum hainanensis,
isolated from the coral
Porites lutea,
was proven to have a threshold temperature of 38°C. Meanwhile, unique high-temperature tolerance mechanisms were suggested by integrated transcriptomics and real-time quantitative PCR, physiological and biochemical analyses, and electron microscopy observation. Under heat stress,
S. hainanensis
shared some similar response strategies with zooxanthellae
Effrenium
sp., such as increased ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase activities and chlorophyll a, thiamine, and thiamine phosphate contents. In particular, more chloroplast internal layered structure, increased CAT activity, enhanced selenate reduction, and thylakoid assembly pathways were highlighted for
S. hainanensis
’s high-temperature tolerance. Notably, it is the first time to reveal a whole selenate reduction pathway from SeO
4
2−
to Se
2−
and its contribution to the high-temperature tolerance of
S. hainanensis
. These unique mechanisms, including antioxidation and maintaining photosynthesis homeostasis, efficiently ensure the high-temperature tolerance of
S. hainanensis
than
Effrenium
sp. Compared with the thermosensitivity of coral symbiotic zooxanthellae Symbiodiniaceae, this study provides novel insights into the high-temperature tolerance mechanisms of coral symbiotic zoochlorellae
S. hainanensis
, which will contribute to corals’ survival in the warming oceans caused by global climate change.

IMPORTANCE

The increasing ocean temperature above 31°C–32°C might trigger a breakdown of the coral-Symbiodiniaceae symbioses or coral bleaching because of the thermosensitivity of Symbiodiniaceae; therefore, the exploration of alternative coral symbiotic algae with high-temperature tolerance is important for the corals’ protection under warming oceans. This study proves that zoochlorellae
Symbiochlorum hainanensis
can tolerate 38°C, which is the highest temperature tolerance known for coral symbiotic algae to date, with unique high-temperature tolerance mechanisms. Particularly, for the first time, an internal selenium antioxidant mechanism of coral symbiotic
S. hainanensis
to high temperature was suggested.
Supplemental Material: Fingerprinting the geochemical signals of episodic arc activity in the Sierra Nevada batholith in space and time
Authors: Ardill Katie , et al.
Published: February 2024

Supplemental Data S1, Supplemental Text S1, and Figures S1-S4.
Impact of immunosuppressive therapy on SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine effectiveness in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: a Danish nationwide cohort study
Authors: Elmahdi Rahma , Ward Daniel , Ernst Martin T , Poulsen Gry , Hallas Jesper , Pottegård Anton , Jess Tine
Published: February 2024

Objective

Patients receiving immunosuppressives have been excluded from trials for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine efficacy. Investigation of immunosuppressants’ impact on effectiveness of vaccines, particularly in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID), is therefore required.

Design

We performed a nationwide cohort study to assess the risk of COVID-19 infection in vaccinated patients with IMID exposed to immunosuppressives compared with IMID unexposed to immunosuppressives. Exposure to immunosuppressives in the 120 days before receiving the second SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination was assessed. Patients were followed from date of second vaccination and weighted Cox models were used to estimate the risk of infection associated with immunosuppressives. Secondary outcomes included hospitalisation and death associated with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. Risk of infection by immunosuppressant drug class was also analysed.

Setting

This study used population-representative data from Danish national health registries in the period from 1 January to 30 November 2021.

Results

Overall, 152 440 patients were followed over 19 341 person years. Immunosuppressants were associated with a significantly increased risk of infection across IMID (HR: 1.4, 95% CI 1.2 to 1.5), in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (HR: 1.6, 95% CI 1.4 to 1.9) and arthropathy (HR: 1.3, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.4) but not psoriasis (HR: 1.1, 95% CI 0.9 to 1.4). Immunosuppressants were also associated with an increased risk of hospitalisation across IMID (HR: 1.4, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.0), particularly in IBD (HR: 2.1, 95% CI 1.0 to 4.1). No significantly increased risk of death in immunosuppressant exposed patients was identified. Analyses by immunosuppressant drug class showed increased COVID-19 infection and hospitalisation with anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF), systemic corticosteroid, and rituximab and other immunosuppressants in vaccinated patients with IMID.

Conclusion

Immunosuppressive therapies reduced effectiveness of mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination against infection and hospitalisation in patients with IMID. Anti-TNF, systemic corticosteroids, and rituximab and other immunosuppressants were particularly associated with these risks.
Collaborative care model versus usual care for the management of musculoskeletal and co-existing mental health conditions: a randomised feasibility mixed-methods study
Authors: Teixeira Maria Joao Cardoso , Ahmed Refah , Tehrany Rokhsaneh , Jaggi Anju , Ramanuj Parashar
Published: February 2024

Objective

This study aimed to assess the feasibility of a future trial comparing the collaborative care model with usual care for patients with musculoskeletal conditions and co-existing symptoms of anxiety and depression.

Design

A single-centre, parallel-arm, one-to-one, randomised controlled trial design using a mixed-methods approach was used. semistructured interviews and focus groups were conducted post intervention with all participants and staff respectively to explore acceptability towards the model and identify recommendations for improvements.

Setting

An orthopaedic rehabilitation outpatient tertiary hospital.

Participants

Adult patients with musculoskeletal conditions and co-existing moderate or severe symptoms of anxiety and depression attending outpatient therapy appointments.

Intervention

The collaborative care model consisted of a tailored management programme to facilitate the integration of care provided by physical and mental healthcare professionals. A case manager screened and coordinated targeted mental health support for participants. Participants allocated to usual care had no support from the case manager.

Main outcomes measure

Feasibility indicators (rates of recruitment, randomisation and retention), acceptability of clinical outcome measures, usage of additional resources and cost of intervention implementation.

Results

Of the 89 patients who provided consent to take part, 40 participants who matched the eligibility criteria were randomised to either the intervention (n=20) or usual care arm (n=20). Overall adherence to the intervention was 58.82%, while the withdrawal rate was 37.5% at 6 months. All of the 27 participants who were retained completed self-reported outcomes. Qualitative data highlighted that integrated mental health support was favourably perceived. In addition to prenegotiating protected psychology time, the need for operationalised communication between the case manager and clinicians was identified as a recommendation for a future trial.

Conclusions

The trial and intervention were acceptable to patients and healthcare professionals. While the findings demonstrate the feasibility of trial recruitment, a future trial will require optimised retention strategies to improve adherence and withdrawal rates.

Trial registration number

NCT05018039.
PRECISION-TBI: a study protocol for a vanguard prospective cohort study to enhance understanding and management of moderate to severe traumatic brain injury in Australia
Authors: Jeffcote Toby , Battistuzzo Camila R , Plummer Mark P , McNamara Robert , Anstey James , Bellapart Judith , Roach Rebecca , Chow Andrew , Westerlund Torgeir , Delaney Anthony , Bihari Shailesh , Bowen David , Weeden Mark , Trapani Anthony , Reade Michael , Jeffree Rosalind L , Fitzgerald Melinda , Gabbe Belinda J , O'Brien Terence J , Nichol Alistair D , Cooper D James , Bellomo Rinaldo , Udy Andrew
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a heterogeneous condition in terms of pathophysiology and clinical course. Outcomes from moderate to severe TBI (msTBI) remain poor despite concerted research efforts. The heterogeneity of clinical management represents a barrier to progress in this area. PRECISION-TBI is a prospective, observational, cohort study that will establish a clinical research network across major neurotrauma centres in Australia. This network will enable the ongoing collection of injury and clinical management data from patients with msTBI, to quantify variations in processes of care between sites. It will also pilot high-frequency data collection and analysis techniques, novel clinical interventions, and comparative effectiveness methodology.

Methods and analysis

PRECISION-TBI will initially enrol 300 patients with msTBI with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) <13 requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission for invasive neuromonitoring from 10 Australian neurotrauma centres. Demographic data and process of care data (eg, prehospital, emergency and surgical intervention variables) will be collected. Clinical data will include prehospital and emergency department vital signs, and ICU physiological variables in the form of high frequency neuromonitoring data. ICU treatment data will also be collected for specific aspects of msTBI care. Six-month extended Glasgow Outcome Scores (GOSE) will be collected as the key outcome. Statistical analysis will focus on measures of between and within-site variation. Reports documenting performance on selected key quality indicators will be provided to participating sites.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval has been obtained from The Alfred Human Research Ethics Committee (Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia). All eligible participants will be included in the study under a waiver of consent (hospital data collection) and opt-out (6 months follow-up). Brochures explaining the rationale of the study will be provided to all participants and/or an appropriate medical treatment decision-maker, who can act on the patient’s behalf if they lack capacity. Study findings will be disseminated by peer-review publications.

Trial registration number

NCT05855252.
Youth-centred participatory action approach towards co-created implementation of socially and physically activating environmental interventions in Africa and Europe: the YoPA project study protocol
Authors: Chinapaw Mai J.M. , Klaufus Leonie H. , Oyeyemi Adewale L , Draper Catherine , Palmeira António L , Silva Marlene Nunes , Van Belle Sara , Pawlowski Charlotte S , Schipperijn Jasper , Altenburg Teatske M
Published: February 2024

Introduction

The majority of adolescents do not meet guidelines for healthy behaviours, posing major risks for developing multiple non-communicable diseases. Unhealthy lifestyles seem more prevalent in urban than rural areas, with the neighbourhood environment as a mediating pathway. How to develop and implement sustainable and effective interventions focused on adolescent health and well-being in urban vulnerable life situations is a key challenge. This paper describes the protocol of a Youth-centred Participatory Action (YoPA) project aiming to tailor, implement, and evaluate social and physical environmental interventions.

Methods and analysis

In diverse urban environments in Denmark, the Netherlands, Nigeria and South Africa, we will engage a dynamic group of 15–20 adolescents (12–19 years) growing up in vulnerable life situations and other key stakeholders (eg, policy makers, urban planners, community leaders) in local co-creation communities. Together with academic researchers and local stakeholders, adolescents will take a leading role in mapping the local system; tailoring; implementing and evaluating interventions during participatory meetings over the course of 3 years. YoPA applies a participatory mixed methods design guided by a novel Systems, User perspectives, Participatory co-creation process, Effects, Reach, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance framework assessing: (i) the local systems, (ii) user perspectives, (iii) the participatory co-creation process, (iv) effects, (v) reach, (vi) adoption, (vii) implementation and (viii) maintenance of interventions. Through a realist evaluation, YoPA will explore why and how specific outcomes were reached (or not) in each setting (n=800–1000 adolescents in total).

Ethics and dissemination

This study received approval from the ethics committees in Denmark, the Netherlands, Nigeria and South Africa and will be disseminated via various collaborative dissemination activities targeting multiple audiences. We will obtain informed consent from all participants. We envision that our YoPA co-creation approach will serve as a guide for participation of adolescents in vulnerable life situations in implementation of health promotion and urban planning in Europe, Africa and globally.

Trial registration number

NCT06181162.
Application of the QDST algorithm for the Schrödinger particle simulation in the infinite potential well
Authors: Ostrowski Marcin
Published: February 2024

This paper examines whether a quantum computer can efficiently simulate the time evolution of the Schrödinger particle in a one-dimensional infinite potential well. In order to solve the Schrödinger equation in the quantum register, an algorithm based on the Quantum Discrete Sine Transform (QDST) is applied. The paper compares the results obtained in this way with the results given by the previous method (based on the QFT algorithm).
Lie symmetries of Lemaitre–Tolman–Bondi metric
Authors: Khan Jamshed , Hussain Tahir , Bokhari Ashfaque H. , Farhan Muhammad
Published: February 2024

The aim of this paper is to investigate Lie symmetries including Killing, homothetic and conformal symmetries of Lemaitre–Tolman–Bondi (LTB) spacetime metric. To find all LTB metrics admitting these three types of symmetries, we have analyzed the set of symmetry equations by a Maple algorithm that provides some restrictions on the functions involved in LTB metric under which this metric admits the three mentioned symmetries. The solution of symmetry equations under these restrictions leads to the explicit form of symmetries. The stress–energy tensor is calculated for all the obtained metrics in order to discuss their physical significance. It is noticed that most of these metrics satisfy certain energy conditions and correspond to anisotropic fluids.
The Effects of Resistance Exercise Training on Skeletal Muscle Metabolism and Insulin Resistance Development in Female Rodents with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Sammut Mitchell J. , McBey David P. , Sayal Amit P. , Melling C. W. James
Published: February 2024

The etiology of insulin resistance (IR) development in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) remains unclear; however, impaired skeletal muscle metabolism may play a role. While IR development has been established in male T1DM rodents, female rodents have yet to be examined in this context. Resistance exercise training (RT) has been shown to improve IR and is associated with a lower risk of hypoglycemia onset in T1DM compared to aerobic exercise. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of RT on IR development in female T1DM rodents. Forty Sprague Dawley eight‐week‐old female rats were divided into four groups: control sedentary (CS; n = 10), control trained (CT; n = 10), T1DM sedentary (DS; n = 10), and T1DM trained (DT; n = 10). Multiple low‐dose streptozotocin injections were used to induce T1DM. Blood glucose levels were maintained in the 4‐9 mmol/l range with intensive insulin therapy. CT and DT underwent weighted ladder climbing 5 days/week for six weeks. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTT) were conducted on all animals following the six‐week period. Results demonstrate that DS animals exhibited significantly increased weekly blood glucose measures compared to all groups including DT (p < 0.0001), despite similar insulin dosage levels. This was concomitant with a significant increase in insulin‐adjusted area under the curve following IVGTT in DS (p < 0.05), indicative of a reduction in insulin sensitivity. Both DT and DS exhibited greater serum insulin concentrations compared to CT and CS (p < 0.05). DS animals also exhibited significantly greater glycogen content in white gastrocnemius muscle compared to CS and DT (p < 0.05), whereas DT and DS animals exhibited greater p‐Akt: Akt ratio in the white vastus lateralis muscle and citrate synthase activity in the red vastus lateralis muscle compared to CS and CT (p < 0.05). These results indicate that female rodents with T1DM develop poor glycemic control and IR which can be attenuated with RT, possibly related to differences in intramyocellular glycogen content.
Supplementary Table S4 from Estrogen Receptor Mutations as Novel Targets for Immunotherapy in Metastatic Estrogen Receptor–positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Goldberg Jonathan , Qiao Na , Guerriero Jennifer L. , Gross Brett , Meneksedag Yagiz , Lu Yoshimi F. , Philips Anne V. , Rahman Tasnim , Meric-Bernstam Funda , Roszik Jason , Chen Ken , Jeselsohn Rinath , Tolaney Sara M. , Peoples George E. , Alatrash Gheath , Mittendorf Elizabeth A.
Published: February 2024

Frequency of most common ESR1 mutations in key clinical studies
FIGURE 2 from Discovery and Preclinical Activity of BMS-986351, an Antibody to SIRPα That Enhances Macrophage-mediated Tumor Phagocytosis When Combined with Opsonizing Antibodies
Authors: Chan Henry , Trout Christina V. , Mikolon David , Adams Preston , Guzman Roberto , Mavrommatis Konstantinos , Abbasian Mahan , Hadjivassiliou Haralambos , Dearth Lawrence , Fox Brian A. , Sivakumar Pallavur , Cho Ho , Hariharan Kandasamy
Published: February 2024

Binding affinity of BMS-986351 to SIRPα (A), SIRPβ (B), and SIRPγ (C) as determined by SPR and inhibition of CD47-SIRPα binding (D). E, Cocrystallization of BMS-986351 with SIRPα (structure available in the Protein Data Bank, entry 7ST5) indicates that the site of interaction between the Fab epitope (the CDR H3 loop) of BMS-986351 (blue) and the SIRPα IgV domain overlaps considerably with the CD47-SIRPα binding domain. The positions of the DLN motif haplotype residues, away from the site of interaction, are highlighted in magenta.
Enucleation of Bulbus Oculi in Domestic Cats Patients with Orbital Tumors
Authors: Ramadhan Juliadi , Nafis S Muhammad , Ridho Gelagar Ario , Aulia Usma , Zukiaturrahmah Anna , Sukmawati Yofa
Published: February 2024

The eye is an essential organ for living things, as one of the five senses of the eye is very vulnerable to infectious or non-infectious diseases. The orbital tumor is one of the disorders in the cat's eye that can attack the eye muscles, nerves, and lacrimal glands. This study aims to diagnose and treat the enucleation of bulbus oculi in domestic cats and patients with orbital tumors. This activity was carried out at the Veterinary Practice "Drh. Juliadi Ramadhan, M.Si." Jl. Payakumbuh-Lintau No. 12 Regency 50 City, West Sumatra Province. The results showed that one of the treatments for orbital tumor cases can be done by enucleation of the oculi bulk. This operation uses a subconjunctival method to remove the eye, the nictitating membrane, and a little eyelid by minimizing the removal of extraocular muscle tissue. After surgery, intense treatment is carried out by maintaining the sanitation of the cage and administering anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, and vitamins.
Case report: Demodicosis in a Chow-chow dog at Yours Veterinary Clinic in Padang Panjang City
Authors: Ridho Gelagar Ario , Sukmawati Yofa , Ramadhan Juliadi , Aulia Usma , Zukiaturrahmah Anna
Published: February 2024

Demodecosis, also known as Red Mange, Acarus Mange, and Follicular Mange, is a skin disease caused by the mite Demodex canis. Demodecosis infection can occur in dogs of all ages. This study aims to diagnose and treat the infection of Demodex sp in chow-chow dogs. Clinical signs include generalized alopecia, scales, and crusts found on the body's surface, followed by dehydration symptoms, poor skin turgor, and long CRT. Supporting examinations to determine demodecosis infection are carried out using the deep skin scrapping test method. Next, a hematological exam was carried out. The hematology examination interpreted the blood analysis results to indicate that the dog had normochromic microcytic anemia. A decrease in RBC, hemoglobin, and hematocrit indicates anemia. A low MCV indicates Microcytic, and normochromic is due to a normal MCHC. Treatment is carried out by administering ivermectin, diphenhydramine HCl, and longamox.