bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Moesziomyces bullatus
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Mordue J. E. M.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Moesziomyces bullatus
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Echinochloa crus-galli
. DISEASE: Seed smut of
Echinochloa
. The small number of sori in any infected inflorescence renders the disease inconspicuous and it is probably frequently overlooked. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia: Azerbaijan, China (Beijing, Chengtu), Kazakhstan, Japan, Russia (Far East, Siberia), Uzbekhistan; Australasia: New Zealand (57, 649); Europe: Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Portugal (39, 555), Romania, Russia (European region), Ukraine; North America: Canada (NS, Ontario; 46, 3383), Mexico, USA (eastern states, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana, Maine, MD, North Carolina, Nebraska, New York, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Wisconsin; 69, 2765). TRANSMISSION: No detailed studies reported.
Ustilago syntherismae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Mordue J. E. M.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Ustilago syntherismae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Digitaria
spp., including
D. filiformis, D. ischaemum, D. sanguinalis
. DISEASE: Loose smut of
Digitaria
. Infection sometimes dwarfs the host and causes it to branch more profusely than usual (36, 657); it is also reported that vegetative vigour is much prolonged in infected plants compared with uninfected (30, 432). Surface contamination by the large number of ustilospores when shed may result in some discolouration of the entire inflorescence including sheaths and leaf blades. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: 'Congo', Gambia, Kenya, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe; Asia: Azerbaijan, China, Republic of Georgia, India, Japan, Pakistan, Russia (central Asia, far east); Australasia: Australia: NSW (31, 225); Europe: Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark (39, 284), Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia (European region), Ukraine (52, 354); North America: Canada (Ontario; 46, 3383), Mexico, USA (Alabama, Arkansas, California, Connecticut, Washington DC, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, IA, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, MD, ME, Michigan, Montana, Missouri, MS, North Carolina, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia; 69, 2765); South America: Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay. (33, 634; 40, 209; 48, 2203; 50, 2756; 64, 4163). TRANSMISSION: No detailed studies have been reported; ustilospores are presumably disseminated by air currents and infection is thought to be systemic.
Eurotium repens
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Kozakiewicz Zofia
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Eurotium repens
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Worldwide in soils. As a xerophilic species it is especially common on dry or concentrated products, such as jams, jellies, fruit-cake, nuts, etc. (Kozakiewicz, 1994
a
). DISEASES: Not especially important as an animal or human pathogen, but
Eurotium
species have been isolated from human paranasal tissue, eyes and nails (Smith, 1989). It has also been isolated from AIDS patients (Staib
et al.
, 1989). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical areas, but also found in temperate areas.
Penicillium chrysogenum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Kozakiewicz Z.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Penicillium chrysogenum
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: An ubiquitous species occupying a wide range of habitats in soils, decaying vegetation and foods. DISEASES:
On animals
: The species has been isolated from ringworm in young camels (Mahmoud, 1993).
On man
: Isolated from a corneal ulcer (Reshnikoff
et al.
, 1993) and AIDS patients (Hoffmann
et al.
, 1992). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Worldwide.
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. asparagi
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Brayford D.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. asparagi
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Asparagus officinalis
L. (asparagus). DISEASE: Vascular wilt. May also cause seedling blight (Graham, 1955) and be part of an
Asparagus
'decline' complex together with
Fusarium moniliforme
[Gibberella fujikuroi]
Sheld. (Grogan
et al.
, 1959), where plant vigour is reduced and crop yeild and quality decreases. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread where
Asparagus
is cultivated. Africa: South Africa, Tanzania. Australasia: Japan, New Zealand, Taiwan. Europe: Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Spain, The Netherlands. North America: Canada, USA. TRANSMISSION: The fungus may be seed-borne (Inglis, 1980; 67, 2733) and also transmitted via plants raised in contaminated seed bed soil. Local dispersal is by water flow and rain splash of slimy conidia.
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. medicaginis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Brayford D.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. medicaginis
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Medicago sativa
L. (lucerne, alfalfa). It may also cause wilt symptoms on some cultivars of yellow lupin (
Lupinus luteus
L.) (Armstrong & Armstrong, 1964). DISEASE: Vascular wilt. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread where lucerne is grown, but disease is favoured by warm climatic conditions. Via seed and movement of contaminated soil. Local dispersal is by water flow and splash droplets carrying macro- and microconidia.
Collybia cookei
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Treu R.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Collybia cookei
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Grows on the remains of strongly decomposed mushrooms, e.g. species of
Russula
. DISEASE: None. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: North America, Europe, Japan. TRANSMISSION: Via airborne basidiospores.
Stigmatula astragali
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Cannon P. F.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Stigmatula astragali
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Astragalus arenarius
(
Leguminosae
), probably also on
A. alpinus, A. danicus and A. oroboides
, though material on these hosts has not been seen. DISEASE: Brightly coloured hypertrophic leaf spots, often affecting entire leaflets. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Germany; unconfirmed reports also from Denmark, Sweden, Norway, UK (Scotland) and Russia. TRANSMISSION: Air dispersal of ascospores. The conidia are probably spermatial in function.
Coccomyces strobi
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Coccomyces strobi
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Pinus ayacahuite, P. excelsa
[=
P. wallichiana
] (twig),
P. monticola
(twig),
P. strobus
(twig),
P. wallichiana
. Most records are on
P. strobus
. DISEASE:
Coccomyces strobi
is found on recently killed twigs of 5-needle pines. Sherwood (60, 1319) noted that 'since the fungus is nearly ubiquitous and appears soon after the death of the portions of the host on which it occurs, it is tempting to brand it as parasitic'. The twigs on which it occurs are typically rather brittle, suggesting that, like
Therrya fuckelii
(IMI Description 1297),
T. pini
(IMI Description 1298) and
Colpoma quercinum
(IMI Description 942), this fungus may have a rôle in self-pruning of the tree. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Canada (British Columbia, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario), Hungary, Ukraine, USA (Connecticut, Georgia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin). European records are on
Pinus strobus
, a native of North America. The fungus is thus most probably also to be a native of North America, which has travelled to Europe with its host. The record from Ukraine is tentative, based on a collection with rather old ascomata. The record from Washington State on
P. monticola
appears to be the first from west of the Rockies. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores in humid conditions; in the USA, ascomata containing ascospores have been observed from May to August.
Terriera cladophila
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Terriera cladophila
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Vaccinium myrtillus
(leaf, stem, twig),
Vaccinium
sp. (stem, twig). DISEASE:
Terriera cladophila
colonizes living twigs, and ascomata may be found on pale subapical regions of dead bark on these twigs, while distal parts remain apparently healthy.
Terriera cladophila
is also found on recently killed twigs, though it is not clear it the fungus is responsible for their death. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Czech Republic, Eire, France, Germany, Norway, UK (England, Scotland, Wales), Ukraine. Eriksson (1970) commented that, in 'Fennoscandia the distributions of
T. cladophila
and
Coccomyces leptideus
appear not to overlap. I have seen no samples of the former from Finland and Sweden, whereas
C. leptideus
is common from these countries. All the Fennoscandian samples of
T. cladophila
are from south-western Norway, where
C. leptideus
, on the other hand, does not appear to exist'. In Great Britain this exclusive distribution is also largely true, though localities are known where both species have been found. It is interesting to note that Remler (1979) recorded
C. leptideus
but not
T. cladophila
from the eastern alps. Altitude records exist up to 1300m (Ukraine) and 600m (Wales). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores in humid conditions; ascomata containing ascospores have been observed in August; ascomata no longer containing ascospores have been observed in May.
Fusarium babinda
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Brayford D.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Fusarium babinda
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Saprobic in soil, plant debris. DISEASE: None known. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Eastern Australia. TRANSMISSION: Conidia are dispersed locally by water flow and splash droplets. Chlamydospores may be dispersed by movement of contaminated soil or plant debris.
Septoria gladioli
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Andrianova T. V. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Septoria gladioli
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Hard rot (ANON., 1984), leaf spot and black spot on corm scales. HOSTS:
Acidanthera
spp.,
Crocus angustifolius
(syn. :
C. susianus), Freesia refracta, Gladiolus byzantinus, G. communis, G. dubius, G. gandavensis, G. hybridus, G. illyricus, G. imbricatus, G. inarmensis, G. italicus
, (syn. : G.
segetum), G. neglectus, G. palustris
(Iridaceae). [Type host -
Gladiolus italicus
(syn. :
G
.
segetum
).] GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Algeria. Asia: Armenia, Republic of Georgia, India, Iran, Russia (Far East), Syria, Turkmenistan. Atlantic Islands: Canary Islands. Central America: Costa Rica. Europe: Albania, Belarus, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Eire, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Hungary, Latvia, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, Switzerland, UK, Ukraine. North America: Canada, USA. South America: Argentina. TRANSMISSION: Three different distribution paths are known for this fungus: old corm to new corm, or mother corm to daughter corm infection; infection of corms or cormlets from infected débris in the soil (mycelium infection); secondary spread by means of spores from plants, in plantings of cormlets and seedlings (STONE, 1958).
Septoria oenotherae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Andrianova T. V. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Septoria oenotherae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Leaf spot. In seed stocks, conidiomata are usually encountered on fragments of pods, stems or leaves, and only rarely on the seeds (SIMPSON
et
al., 1995). Development of
S. oenotherae
leads to severe blight, with drying of all the leaves starting from the bottom of the plant. This reduces vitality of the plant, and may cause its death. HOSTS:
Calylophus
sp.,
Camissonia
sp.,
Gaura
sp.,
Godetia grandiflora, Ludwigia
sp.,
Oenothera biennis
(syn. :
Onagra biennis
),
Oenothera decumbens, O. lamarkiana, O. muricata, O. odorata, O. sinuata
(Onagraceae). [Type host -
Oenothera biennis
.] GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Republic of Georgia, Kazakhstan, Korea, Russia (Far East). Australasia: New Zealand. Europe: Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Italy, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, UK, Ukraine. North America: Canada (Ontario), USA. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne or splash dispersed conidia from infected plant débris and seed stocks.
Septoria oenotherae
can be transmitted by infected débris in evening primrose seed stock; disease progress may then be influenced by variety, sanitation and chemical fungicides; further, the low rL (apparent infection rate) values can be taken as indicative of a primarily rain-splash spread disease (SIMPSON
et al
, 1999).
Septoria scutellariae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Andrianova T. V. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Septoria scutellariae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Leaf spot. HOSTS:
Scutellaria altissima, S. dentata, S. dependens, S. galericulata, S. hastifolia, S. holostea, S. irregularis, S. minor, S. nemorum, S. orientalis, S. scordifolia, S. supina
(Lamiaceae). [Type host-
S. scordifolia
.] GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia: Azerbaijan, Republic of Georgia, Kazakhstan, Russia (Far East, Siberia). Europe: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Germany, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, UK, Ukraine. North America: Canada, USA. TRANSMISSION: Not reported, but almost certainly by air-borne or splash dispersed conidia.
Pseudocercospora kaki
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , David J. C.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Pseudocercospora kaki
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Leaf spot of persimmon. HOSTS:
Diospyros hispida, D. kaki, D. lotus, D. texana, D. tupru (Ebenaceae
). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NORTH AMERICA: USA (Louisiana), Bermuda. SOUTH AMERICA: Brazil (São Paolo, Minas Gerais). ASIA: China (Hong Kong, other provinces also, see GUO & HSIEH, 1995), Republic of Georgia (BRAUN & MEL'NIK, 1997), India, Iran (56: 5475), Japan, Nepal, Taiwan. EUROPE: Russia (BRAUN & MEL'NIK, 1997). TRANSMISSION: Conidia are dispersed by rain splash (ZHU
et al.
, 1996).
Aldonata pterocarpi
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Inácio C. A. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Aldonata pterocarpi
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Parasitic on living leaves. HOSTS:
Pterocarpus dalbergioides, P. dracae, P. indicus (Leguminosae
). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: ASIA: India (Andaman Is). TRANSMISSION: Presumably by air-borne ascospores.
Xanthomonas pisi
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Saddler G. S.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Xanthomonas pisi
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Pisum sativum
(
Leguminosae
); by artificial inoculation:
Brassica oleracea
(
Brassicaceae
),
Nicotiana tabacum
(
Solanaceae
),
Phaseolus vulgaris, Trifolium
spp.,
Vicia faba
and
Vigna angularis
(
Leguminosae
). DISEASE: Stem rot of pea. The disease attacks stems or stipules at the soil level, rapidly extending upwards. On stems and stipules lesions appear primarily dark green and water-soaked. Lesions turn brown and papery with age; sometimes a chlorotic halo is evident. Leaflets and petioles are also attacked, frequently the base of leaflets adjoining the petioles become brown, papery and wither. By artificial inoculation isolates are strongly pectolytic, causing soft rot in vegetable tissues such as those from
Allium cepa, Daucus carota, Rhaphanus sativus
and
Solanum tuberosum
. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: ASIA: Japan. TRANSMISSION: Not known.
Phyllachora bersamae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Cannon P. F.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Phyllachora bersamae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Bersama abyssinica
(syn.
B. ninagongensis
) (
Melianthaceae
); see also below. DISEASE: Tar spot of
Bersama
. DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: Ethiopia, Kenya,? Rwanda. TRANSMISSION: Not studied in detail, but morphological features agree with those of relatives which have been shown to disperse ascospores actively via air currents, possibly with secondary dispersal via water splash.
Ascopolyporus polychrous
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Rodríguez Hernández M. , Minter D. W. , Castañeda Ruíz R. F.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Ascopolyporus polychrous
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Although
Ascopolyporus polychrous
develops and fruits vigorously on stems of bamboos, it apparently does not produce symptoms of any disease on the host. HOSTS:
Arthrostylidium
sp.,
Chusquea abietifolia, C. scandens
(
Gramineae
). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: CENTRAL AMERICA: Cuba [new record], Panama (DENNIS, 1970), Trinidad & Tobago. SOUTH AMERICA: Brazil (MØLLER, 1901), Colombia (DOI
et al.
, 1977), Venezuela (CHARDÓN & TORO, 1934). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores.
Paraceratocladium silvestre
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Rodríguez Hernández M. , Minter D. W. , Castañeda Ruíz R. F.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Paraceratocladium silvestre
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Although conidiomata are numerous on stems of associated plants (e.g.
Gramineae
), the fungus does not produce symptoms of any disease. HOSTS:
Buchenavia capitata, Bucida palustris
(
Combretaceae
),
Quercus oleoides
var.
sagraeana
(
Fagaceae
),
Gramineae gen. indet., Calophyllum antillanum
(
Guttiferae
),
Nectandra
sp. (
Lauraceae
),
Myrica cerifica
(
Myricaceae
),
Pandanus
sp. (
Pandanaceae
). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: CENTRAL AMERICA: Cuba. SOUTH AMERICA: Brazil [new record]. ASIA: China (Hong Kong). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne conidia.
Sporidesmium bifasciatum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Rodríguez Hernández M. , Minter D. W. , Castañeda Ruíz R. F.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Sporidesmium bifasciatum
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Although conidiomata are numerous on stems of the associated plant, the fungus does not apparently produce symptoms of any disease. HOSTS:
Sorghum halepense
(
Gramineae
). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: CENTRAL AMERICA: Cuba. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne conidia.
Phoma terricola
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Kinsey G. C.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Phoma terricola
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Little information available, probably a soil-borne saprobe and opportunistic pathogen. HOSTS: From rhizosphere of
Beta
and
Triticum
, from polder soils and from cysts of the potato cyst-nematode
Globodera
(BOEREMA, 1985). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: EUROPE: Belgium, Netherlands. TRANSMISSION: Probably soil-borne, but little else is known of other possible vectors.
Fusicladium obducens
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Schubert K. , Braun U.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Fusicladium obducens
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Infections of living leaves, but without conspicuous lesions. HOSTS: Species of
Prunus
(
Rosaceae
), including
P. capollin
and
P. serotina
(=
P. salicifolia
). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SOUTH AMERICA: Ecuador. TRANSMISSION: Possibly by airborne conidia.
Sporisorium panici-leucophaei
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Pérez J. M. , Hernández M. Rodríguez , Piepenbring M. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Sporisorium panici-leucophaei
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Inflorescences are replaced by sori in infected plants. HOST:
Digitaria insularis
(
Trichachne insularis
),
Panicum leucophaeum
and
Trichachne californica
(
Poaceae
). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NORTH AMERICA: Mexico, USA (Arizona, California). CENTRAL AMERICA: Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Puerto Rico. SOUTH AMERICA: Brazil (Rio de Janeiro), Venezuela. TRANSMISSION: Probably by air-borne teliospores. Wind is the most common dispersal mode of smut teliospores.
Leptosphaeria doliolum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Chen Chi-yu , David J. C. , Hsieh W. H.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Leptosphaeria doliolum
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Although the fungus appears on dry stems of its hosts, which are mainly herbaceous, it is not known to cause any pathological symptoms. HOSTS: Plurivorous; recorded hosts include:
Achillea, Ambrosia, Anaphalis, Angelica, Apocynum, Aralia, Arctium, Asclepias, Asparagus, Aster, Bauhinia, Brassica, Clematis, Cirsium, Curcuma, Daucus, Erigeron, Eupatorium, Ficus, Foeniculum, Helianthus, Heracleum, Hieracium, Lactuca, Lathyrus, Lavandula, Pastinaca, Phytolacca, Poa, Polymnia, Potentilla, Rubus, Salvia, Senecio, Smilax, Solanum, Solidago, Sonchus, Spiraea, Thymus, Urtica
and
Vernonia
. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: Sierra Leone. NORTH AMERICA: Canada (Alberta, British Colombia, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec), USA (Illinois, Michigan, Missouri, New York, North Dakota, Tennessee, Washington). ASIA: Armenia, Bhutan, Brunei, China (Hunan, Yunnan), India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Pakistan, Russia (Far East, Siberia), Taiwan (CHEN & HSIEH, 1994), Uzbekistan. AUSTRALASIA: Australia. EUROPE: Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark (Faeroe Islands), Estonia, France, Finland, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia (European), Spain, Sweden, Switzerland. TRANSMISSION: Conidia and ascospores are dispersed by wind and rain-splash; the fungus presumably overwinters on dead host tissue and the ascospores are dispersed in the next favourable season.
Leptosphaeria holmskjoeldii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Chen Chi-yu , David J. C. , Hsieh W. H.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Leptosphaeria holmskjoeldii
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: On dry cortex or wood. HOSTS:
Alnus, Lonicera, Salix
and
Sorbus
. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: EUROPE: Finland, Germany. TRANSMISSION: Ascospores are dispersed by wind and rain-splash; the fungus presumably overwinters on dead host tissue and the ascospores are dispersed in the next favourable season.
Penicillium italicum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Kozakiewicz Z.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Penicillium italicum
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: The primary habitat is fruit of
Citrus
species, but it has been isolated from soils and decaying vegetation (DOMSCH
et al.
, 1980), including radish, parsley, and mouldy wheat bread (CABI BIOSCIENCE, 1999). DISEASES: A pathogen of citrus fruits, causing a destructive rot (blue mould rot) of considerable economic importance. Symptoms of the disease are soft, watery, discoloured tissue. Lesions are not large and, with time, become covered in a white powdery growth of mycelium which soon turns blue. The infection is more prevalent in store, where the disease spreads in packed containers and results in nests or pockets of diseased fruit (WHITESIDE
et al.
, 1988). GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: World-wide, but more prevalent in tropical and subtropical climates.
Haptocillium balanoides
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Zare R. , Games W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Haptocillium balanoides
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Endoparasite of free-living nematodes. HOSTS: Most commonly in the stem nematode
Ditylenchus dipsaci
in New Zealand (DÜRSCHNER, 1983; HAY, 1995), also in the entomopathogenic nematode
Neoaplectana bibionis
[Steinernema feltiae]
(SLOUN
et al.
, 1990) and in the eggs of
Meloidogyne
(ROCCUZZO
et al.
, 1993); it does not affect
Pratylenchus
(TIMPER & BRODIE, 1993). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: So far reliably reported only from Canada (Winnipeg), but the similar
H. sphaerosporum
is reported from Germany, Great Britain, Netherlands, Russia, Sweden, and USA (California). Reports from New Zealand (HAY
et al.
, 1998) and China (HENG
et al.
, 1996) require confirmation. TRANSMISSION: Soil- and air-borne and by nematode vectors.
Lecanicillium lecanii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Zare R. , Games W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Lecanicillium lecanii
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Insect-pathogenic; the fungus penetrates the body of its hosts, sporulates and eventually kills them. HOSTS: Members of the homopteran insect family
Coccidae
, particularly the green coffee scale,
Coccus viridis
. Other hosts:
Ceroplastes
(Lo & CHAPMAN, 1998),
Parthenolecanium
(SAMŠINAKOVÀ & KALALOVÀ, 1975),
Philephedra
(PENA & MCMILLAN, 1986),
Planococcus
(GONZÀLEZ
et al.
, 1995),
Saissetia
(MENDEL
et al.
, 1984) and a black
Aleyrodes
(PETCH, 1925).
Cephalosporium coccorum
was recorded on
Chionaspis
and
Lepidosaphes
in England (PETCH, 1925). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Mainly tropical. NORTH AMERICA: USA. CENTRAL AMERICA: Cuba, Dominican Republic, Jamaica. SOUTH AMERICA: Ecuador (Galápagos Is), Peru. ASIA: China, India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka. AUSTRALASIA: New Zealand. EUROPE: Great Britain, Turkey. TRANSMISSION: Soil- and air-borne.
Rhagadolobium dicksoniifolium
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Inácio C. A. , Cannon P. F.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Rhagadolobium dicksoniifolium
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Parasitic on living leaves, not causing leaf spots. HOSTS:
Dicksonia antarctica
,
D. squarrosa
(
Dicksoniaceae
). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AUSTRALASIA: Australia, New Zealand. TRANSMISSION: Presumably by airborne ascospores.
Viegasia faureae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Inácio C. A. , Cannon P. F.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Viegasia faureae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Parasitic on living leaves. HOSTS:
Faurea macnaughtonii
(
Proteaceae
). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: South Africa. TRANSMISSION: Presumably by airborne ascospores.
Septoria cornicola
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Andrianova T. V. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Septoria cornicola
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Leaf spot. Development of the disease leads to severe blight with infected leaves drying. Causing defoliation of some dogwoods (NEELY & NOLTE, 1989). HOSTS:
Cornus alba, C. alba
var.
siberica, C. alternifolia
,
C. amomum, C. asperifolia, C. baileyi
,
C. californica, C. canadensis, C. candidissima, C. florida, C. mas, C. nuttallii, C. occidentalis, C. paniculata, C. pubescens, C. racemosa, C
. (
Thelycrania
)
sanguinea, C. sericea, C. sibirica, C. stolonifera, C. stolonifera
var.
aurea
,
C. stolonifera
var.
flaviramea
,
C. stolonifera
var.
lutea
,
Swida australis
(
C. sanguinea
subsp.
australis
) (
Cornaceae
). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NORTH AMERICA: Canada, USA. ASIA: Armenia, China, Republic of Georgia [
www.cybertruffle.org.uk/gruzmaps/index.htm
], Iran, Russia (West Siberia, Far East), Turkey. EUROPE: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine [
www.cybertruffle.org.uk/ukramaps/index.htm
], former Yugoslavia. TRANSMISSION: By airborne or splash-dispersed conidia from infected plant debris. For infection, leaves must be wet, but moisture is required for a few hours only (NEELY & NOLTE, 1989).
Septoria urticae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Andrianova T. V. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Septoria urticae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Leaf spot, severe foliar necrosis, defoliation. Sometimes spots eventually fall out and leave a round shot-hole (GROVE, 1935). In inoculation experiments the fungus has caused complete wilting of the leaves followed by the intense defoliation. The disease can affect plant growth and can considerably reduce numbers of seeds produced (DAL-BELLO
et al.
, 1993). HOSTS:
Laportea canadensis, Parietaria officinalis, Urtica angustifolia, U. cannabina, U. chamaedryoidis, U. dioica, U. gracilenta, U. gracilis, U. lyallii, U. pilulifera, U. urens
(
Urticaceae
). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NORTH AMERICA: Canada, USA. SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina. ASIA: Azerbaijan, Republic of Georgia [
www.cybertruffle.org.uk/gruzmaps/index.htm
], India, Iran, Israel, Kazakhstan. AUSTRALASIA: Australia. EUROPE: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine [
www.cybertruffle.org.uk/ukramaps/index.htm
], former Yugoslavia. TRANSMISSION: Not reported, but almost certainly by airborne or splash-dispersed conidia, also from infected plant debris. Successful application of spore suspensions in water and humid chambers in inoculation experiments with
S. urticae
confirms the role of moisture in infection transmission.
Cyttaria darwinii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Gamundí I. J. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Cyttaria darwinii
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: A highly evolved and highly specific obligate parasite causing often spectacular cankers only on branches of
Nothofagus
species. Fruitbodies only appear on the cankers; this fungus does not cause wood decay. HOSTS:
Nothofagus antarctica, N. betuloides, N. dombeyi, N. pumilio, Nothofagus
sp. (
Fagaceae
); more than 70% of all records are from
N. antarctica
and
N. pumilio
. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina (Chubut, Neuquén, Río Negro, Santa Cruz, Tierra del Fuego); Chile (Aisén, Los Lagos, Magallanes y Antártica Chilena, Bío-Bío, Maule). Highest recorded altitude: 1700 m. TRANSMISSION: Not known, but presumably infection is by wind-dispersed ascospores. The reasons postulated by INGOLD (1988) for evolution of the golf ball shape of fruitbodies of
Cyttaria espinosae
[
IMI Descriptions
No. 1593] are doubtless also valid for this species.
Cyttaria espinosae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Gamundí I. J. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Cyttaria espinosae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: A highly evolved and highly specific obligate parasite causing often spectacular cankers only on branches of
Nothofagus
species. Fruitbodies only appear on the cankers; this fungus does not cause wood decay. HOSTS:
Nothofagus dombeyi, N. glauca, N. obliqua, N. obliqua
var.
macrocarpa, N. nervosa
(
Fagaceae
) [old fallen fruitbodies have also been recorded on litter and soil; almost 70% of all records are from
N. obliqua
]. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina (Neuquén); Chile (La Araucanía, Los Lagos, Santiago de Chile, Bío-Bío, Maule). Highest recorded altitude: 300 m. This species has a more northerly distribution than other Latin American species. TRANSMISSION: Not known, but presumably infection is by wind-dispersed ascospores. INGOLD (1988) elegantly postulated that the pitted surface of fruitbodies of
Cyttaria espinosae
evolved not only to maximize hymenial surface area but also, by causing localized air turbulence in their windy environment, to assist ascospore dispersal by preventing build-up of a layer of static air immediately adjacent to the fruitbody surface, functioning in a similar way to the pits of golf balls.
Cyttaria gunnii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Minter D. W. , Gamundí I. J.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Cyttaria gunnii
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: A highly evolved and highly specific obligate parasite causing often spectacular cankers only on branches of
Nothofagus
species. Fruitbodies only appear on the cankers; this fungus does not cause wood decay. HOSTS:
Nothofagus cunninghamii, N. fusca, N. menziesii
(
Fagaceae
). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AUSTRALASIA: Australia (Tasmania, Victoria); New Zealand (Auckland, Buller, Dunedin, Fiordland, Gisborne, North Canterbury, Nelson, Otago Lakes, Southland, Taupo, Westland). TRANSMISSION: Not known, but presumably infection is by wind-dispersed ascospores. The reasons postulated by INGOLD (1988) for evolution of the golf ball shape of fruitbodies of
Cyttaria espinosae
Lloyd [
IMI Descriptions
No. 1593] are doubtless also valid for this species.
Phaeoramularia manihotis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , David J. C.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Phaeoramularia manihotis
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: White leafspot of cassava. HOSTS:
Manihot esculenta
(=
M. utilissima
) (
Euphorbiaceae
). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: Cameroon, Congo, Congo Democratic Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Tanzania. NORTH AMERICA: USA (Hawaii). CENTRAL AMERICA: Barbados, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Haiti, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Netherlands Antilles, Panama, Puerto Rico, Trinidad & Tobago, Virgin Islands. SOUTH AMERICA: Brazil (Alagoas, Amazonas, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Paraiba, Sao Paolo, Rio Grande do Sul) (VIÉGAS, 1945), Colombia, Guyana, Venezuela. ASIA: India, Malaysia, Sri Lanka. AUSTRALASIA: New Caledonia (BRAUN
et al.
, 1999). TRANSMISSION: Rain splash and wind. The fungus survives the dry season on the fallen leaves.
Pseudocercosporella capsellae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Kirk P. M.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Pseudocercosporella capsellae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: White leaf spot and Grey stem of
Cruciferae
. HOSTS:
Brassica campestris
(rape),
B. chinensis, B. juncea
(Indian mustard),
B. napus
(swede),
B. nigra
(black mustard),
B. oleracea
(cabbage and cultivars),
B. pekinensis, B. rapa
(turnip),
Capsella bursa-pastoris, Conringia persica, Goldbachia torulosa, Lepidium
sp.,
Litvinovia tenuissima, Malcolmia africana, Neslia paniculata, Raphanus raphinastrum
(white charlock),
R. sativa
(radish),
Rapistrum perenne, Sinapis alba
(white mustard),
S. arvensis
(=
Brassica kaber
; charlock),
Sisymbrium
sp. (
Brassicaceae
). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: Algeria, Ethiopia, Kenya, South Africa. NORTH AMERICA: Canada (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec), USA (Alabama, Alaska, California, Connecticut, Florida, Indiana, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Missouri, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin). CENTRAL AMERICA: Antigua. SOUTH AMERICA: Chile. ASIA: Bhutan, China, India, Israel, Japan, Peninsular Malaysia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Turkey. AUSTRALASIA: Australia (New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia), New Zealand. EUROPE: Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Great Britain, Ireland, Latvia, Norway, Romania, Sweden. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne and splash dispersed conidia and by seeds, crop debris and volunteer plants or perennial weeds.
Mycosphaerella jaczewskii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Andrianova T. V. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Mycosphaerella jaczewskii
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution (Canada, USA, Armenia, China, Kazakhstan, Russia, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Moldova, Poland, Portugal, Romania and Ukraine), and hosts (
Caragana arborescens, Caragana frutex, Caragana manchurica, Caragana pleiophylla
and
Colutea arborescens
).
Sporisorium mesoseti
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Pérez J. M. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Sporisorium mesoseti
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution (Cuba, Dominican Republic and Brazil) and hosts (
Axonopus marginatus, Mesosetum loliiforme
and
M. wrightii
).
Sporisorium trachypogonicola
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Pérez J. M. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Sporisorium trachypogonicola
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution (Cuba, Brazil and Venezuela) and hosts (
Trachypogon canescens, T. filifolius, T. mollis, T. montufari, T. plumosus
and
T. renvoizei
[?all =
T. spicatus
]).
Lophodermium molitoris
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Lophodermium molitoris
, which is not associated with any disease of
Pinus
and is only known from collections of ascomata fruiting on pale areas of dead leaves. Information is included on its geographical distribution (Canada (Northwest Territories, Ontario and Saskatchewan), USA (Georgia, New York and North Carolina) and New Zealand (as an exotic)) and hosts (dead leaves of
Pinus banksiana, P. palustris, P. rigida, P. taeda
and
P. virginiana
).
Lophodermium neesii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Lophodermium neesii
, which is not associated with any disease, and is only known from collections of ascomata fruiting on pale areas of dead fallen leaves in leaf litter. Information is included on its geographical distribution (Azores, UK, Switzerland and doubtful records from the Republic of Georgia and Russia) and hosts (dead leaves of
Ilex aquifolium
and
I. perado
and doubtful records from dead leaves of
Hedera colchica
and
Polemonium boreale
).
Lophodermium oxycocci
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Lophodermium oxycocci
. Information is included on the disease, cranberry twig blight, caused by the organism, that can cause serious economic damage to commercial cranberry crops in Oregon and Washington. Some information on cultural and chemical control is given, along with details of its transmission, geographical distribution (Canada (British Columbia), USA (Alaska, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, Oregon and Washington), Russia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, UK, Poland, Sweden and Ukraine) and hosts (
Vaccinium macrocarpon
,
Vaccinium
sp. and
V. oxycoccus
).
Lophodermium platyplacum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Cabarroi M. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Lophodermium platyplacum
, which is not associated with any disease and is known only from collections of ascomata fruiting on pale areas of dead fallen leaves in leaf litter. Information is included on its geographical distribution (Colombia, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela) and hosts (
Clusia rosea
and
Clusia
sp.).
Chaetomium indicum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

C. indicum
is described and illustrated. Information on diseases caused by
C. indicum
, host range (field crops, horticultural crops, trees, wood, dung, and artefacts), geographical distribution (Egypt; Kenya; Nigeria; Sierra Leone; South Africa; British Columbia, Ontario and Quebec, Canada; California, Georgia, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Ohio and Vermont, USA; Nicaragua; Panama; Maranhão, Brazil; Chile; Colombia; Bangladesh; India; Japan; Kazakhstan; Malaysia, Pakistan; Papua New Guinea; Philippines; Russia; Sri Lanka; Thailand; New South Wales, Northern Territory and Western Australia; New Zealand; Cuba; Jamaica; Great Britain; Ireland; Poland; Ukraine; and Israel), and transmission is provided.
Choiromyces meandriformis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Choiromyces meandriformis
. Some information is given on its habitat (e.g. woodland and forest soils), traditional uses and conservation status, along with details of its transmission (spore dispersal), geographical distribution (Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Poland, Romania, Russia (Moscow oblast), Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Ukraine) and hosts (
Acer pseudoplatanus, Aesculus
sp.,
Betula
sp.,
Cedrus atlantica
var.
glauca, Cistus ladanifer, Fagus sylvatica, Fagus
sp.,
Fraxinus excelsior, Ilex aquifolium, Picea abies, Pinus
sp.,
Populus
sp.,
Quercus robur, Quercus
sp.,
Salix
sp.,
Sequoia
sp.,
Tilia cordata, Tilia
sp., Coniferae indet. and Poaceae indet.).
Nitschkia broomeana
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Nitschkia broomeana
, which are found on cracks in bark. Details are given of its hosts, geographical distribution (Gambia, Ghana, Malawi, Sierra Leone, Zimbabwe, USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Louisiana, Nebraska, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia), Guatemala, Nicaragua, Panama, Argentina, Brazil, Venezuela, China (Beijing, Fujian, Hebei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Yunnan and Zhejiang), India (Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra), Japan, South Korea, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Australia (South Australia), New Zealand, Czech Republic, France, UK, Italy, and Serbia and Montenegro), transmission, diagnostic features and conservation status.
Ravenelia baumiana
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Cannon P. F.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Ravenelia baumiana
, which sometimes causes rust symptoms on
Senna petersiana
. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Angola, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Libya, South Africa,Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe) and hosts (
Senna petersiana
(syn.
Cassia delagoensis, Cassia petersiana
),
Senna singueana
(syn.
Cassia goratensis, Cassia singueana
)).
Ravenelia evernia
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Cannon P. F.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Ravenelia evernia
. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (India (Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttaranchal) and Pakistan) and hosts (
Mimosa hamata, Mimosa himalayana
(syn.
Mimosa rubricaulis
[
Mimosa rubicaulis
] subsp.
himalayana
)).
Ravenelia hobsonii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Cannon P. F.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Ravenelia hobsonii
. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Bangladesh, India (Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal), Japan, Sri Lanka and Taiwan) and hosts (
Pongamia pinnata
syn.
Pongamia glabra
).
Ravenelia ornata
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Cannon P. F.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Ravenelia ornata
. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Ghana, Nigeria, South Africa, China, India (Andhra Pradesh, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal), Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan and Papua New Guinea) and hosts (
Abrus laevigatus, Abrus melanospermus
(syn.
Abrus pulchellus
),
Abrus mollis
(syn.
Abrus pulchellus
subsp.
mollis
) and
Abrus precatorius
).