bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La recherche en psychologie clinique
Authors: Fernandez Lydia , Pedinielli Jean-Louis
Published: February 2015

La psychologie clinique désigne à la fois un domaine (celui de la psychopathologie) et une méthode (clinique) qui s’insère dans une activité pratique visant la reconnaissance et la nomination de certains états, aptitudes, comportements dans le but de proposer une thérapeutique, une mesure d’ordre social ou éducatif ou une forme de conseil permettant une aide, une modification positive de l’individu. Les domaines d’intervention se composent de multiples champs qui ne se limitent ni aux sujets atteints de troubles mentaux ni à la stricte référence à la dimension individuelle. L’évolution de la discipline a entraîné l’apparition de nouvelles pratiques, de nouveaux lieux, de nouveaux objets : aide aux mourants, handicap, marginalité, souffrance sociale..., institutions non psychiatriques (crèche, hôpital général, prison...), moments du développement normal (nourrisson, adolescent, sujet âgé...). Quatre types de recherche existent : la recherche en clinique ; la recherche clinique ; la recherche-action et la recherche évaluative. Les méthodes et les techniques sont : l’observation clinique, l’entretien clinique, les tests et les échelles et les questionnaires.
La recherche infirmière en milieu clinique : l'expérience du CHU mère-enfant hôpital Ste-Justine
Authors: Goulet Céline , Ward Linda , Lévy Émile , Colin Christine
Published: February 2015

La recherche en sciences infirmières connaît une progression lente dans plusieurs milieux cliniques. Il est essentiel de favoriser l’émergence d’une culture de recherche dans ces milieux en optant pour une action concertée afin que de réels changements se produisent. C’est dans cette perspective que se sont associées les directions de la Faculté des sciences infirmières de l’Université de Montréal, du Centre de Recherche et des soins infirmiers du centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine (CHU). L’expérience du CHU est unique et mérite qu’on s’y attarde pour le bénéfice des infirmières et l’avancement de la profession. Le présent article rend compte du plan stratégique élaboré à cette fin et des principales réalisations accomplies à ce jour.
Approche clinique en soins infirmiers psychiatriques : étude de cas d'une pratique avancée
Authors: Goudreau Johanne , Poirier Marie-Josée , de Montigny Francine
Published: February 2015

La majorité des personnes atteintes de maladies mentales sévères et persistantes reçoit maintenant des soins psychiatriques dans le cadre des services de soins ambulatoires. Ces soins sont de plus en plus dispensés par des équipes multidisciplinaires dont des infirmières font partie. Comment ces infirmières exercent-elles leur rôle et leurs fonctions dans ces milieux de soins ? L’élaboration d’une étude de cas à partir de la pratique clinique d’une infirmière a permis de répondre à cette question. Les résultats de cette étude de cas suggèrent que la pratique de ces infirmières correspond à une définition reconnue de la pratique avancée en soins infirmiers.
Rocks and minerals for the collector: Iles de la Madeleine, Quebec, the Island of Newfoundland, and Labrador
Authors: Sabina A P
Published: February 2015

This booklet describes mineral and rock collecting localities in the Îles de la Madeleine (Quebec), the Island of Newfoundland, and Labrador. A variety of mineral, rock, and fossil collecting sites await the tourist, the amateur and professional
mineralogist, and the lobbyist. The Îles de la Madeleine provide several varieties of gypsum, calcite, and quartz crystals, and specularite, pyrite, epidote, magnetite, dolomite, and manganese minerals. Fossils of late Paleozoic age are found in some localities. Recent exploration resulted in
the discovery of natural gas and salt deposits. Mining activity in Newfoundland and Labrador began two centuries ago. The province is Canada's sole producer of pyrophyllite. Other operating mines yield iron, gypsum, asbestos, gold, base metals, limestone, and silica. Mining in the past produced
copper, lead, antimony, arsenic, fluorite, barite, and coal. Both the inactive and active mines provide mineral collecting sites; other occurrences furnish celestine, quartz crystals, beryl, scheelite, prehnite, and manganese minerals. For the gem-cutter or sculptor, there is amethyst, xonotlite,
labradorite, hypersthene and jasper, and a variety of ornamental rocks including pyrophyllite,
chrome-mica rock ('virginite'), marble, granite, and volcanic rocks. Rock cuts along highways and shoreline exposures contain cavities lined with tiny crystals of quartz, pyrite, and other minerals suitable for micro-mounting. Most localities are readily accessible and can be reached by automobile
and a short hike and, less commonly, by boat. The localities in Labrador are reached by boat, by air, or by snowmobile.
Report of activities: Surficial geology and geochemistry from the Thelon River to the East Arm of Great Slave Lake, Northwest Territories, Canada
Authors: Knight R D , Kjarsgaard B A , Sharpe D
R
Published: February 2015

Foreword
The Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals (GEM) program is laying the foundation for sustainable economic development in the North. The Program provides modern public geoscience that will set the stage for long-term decision making related to investment in responsible resource development. Geoscience
knowledge produced by GEM supports evidence-based exploration for new energy and mineral resources and enables northern communities to make informed decisions about their land, economy and society. Building upon the success of its first five-years, GEM has been renewed until 2020 to continue
producing new, publically available, regional-scale geoscience knowledge in Canada's North.
During the summer of 2014, GEM's new research program was launched with 14 field activities that include geological, geochemical and geophysical surveying. These activities have been undertaken in collaboration with provincial and territorial governments, northerners and their institutions, academia
and the private sector. GEM will continue to work with these key collaborators as the program advances.
Creative tensions in youth ministry in a congregational context
Authors: Cloete Anita L.
Published: February 2015

Since the recognition of youth as a social category, several approaches to youth ministry developed. One of the approaches, namely the inclusive congregational approach to youth ministry, will be critically reflected on in this article. The aim of this article is to indicate what the implications of this approach are for congregational ministry. It is argued that the inclusive congregational approach to youth ministry could lead to certain creative tensions in youth ministry as an integral part of congregational ministry. Therefore the article identifies and discusses specific creative tensions that could be present in youth ministry where the inclusive congregational approach to youth ministry is taken as the point of departure. Creative tension is here understood as a source of creative energy that informs and guides ministry. Although the different tensions may cause uneasiness, with the spontaneous response to release them, it is argued that it should rather be kept intact in order to inform and maintain a creative process of ministry.
Рождение векторных мезонов в ультрапериферических столкновениях на Большом адронном коллайдере
Authors: Fiore R , Enkovskii Laslo Laslovich , Libov V , Machado Magno V. T.
Published: February 2015

Связь между сечениями реакций с участием фотонов на HERA и ультрапериферическими столкновениями на Большом адронном коллайдере исследована с помощью модели полюсов Редже для рождения векторных мезонов, хорошо описывающей экспериментальные данные ускорителя HERA. Получены предсказания для будущих экспериментов по рождению $J/\psi$ и других векторных мезонов.
Симметрии орбит черных дыр в теории супергравитации
Authors: Stelle Kellogg S
Published: February 2015

Решения типа черных дыр в теориях супергравитации образуют семейства, которые отражают существенно нелинейные "двойственные" симметрии этих теорий. Они образуют орбиты под действием этих групп симметрии с экстремальными решениями Богомольного-Прасада-Зоммерфельда как пределами таких орбит. Важная техника при анализе семейств таких решений использует времениподобную размерную редукцию и заменяет задачу для стационарной черной дыры на задачу для нелинейной сигма-модели. Семейства таких экстремальных решений описываются нильпотентными орбитами относительно симметрий двойственности, основывающейся на триградуированном или пентаградуированном разложении соответствующей алгебры двойственной группы.
Предел нулевой вязкости в голографической жидкости Гаусса-Бонне
Authors: Grozdanov Saso , Starinetz Andrei Olegovich
Published: February 2015

В недавних публикациях высказывалась гипотеза о существовании недиссипативных квантовых жидкостей, т. е. жидкостей с нулевой или исчезающе малой вязкостью и нулевым производством энтропии, характеризующихся тем не менее нетривиальными транспортными коэффициентами второго порядка. Естественным кандидатом в недиссипативные жидкости является гипотетическая конформная квантовая жидкость, голографически дуальное описание инфракрасного предела которой дается пятимерной гравитацией Гаусса-Бонне. Известно, что сдвиговая вязкость в этой теории может быть сделана сколь угодно малой за счет приближения параметра связи Гаусса-Бонне к критическому значению. Вычислены (непертурбативно по параметру связи) транспортные коэффициенты жидкости Гаусса-Бонне (три из шести этих коэффициентов ранее не были известны) и рассмотрен предел нулевой вязкости. Показано, что три из пяти коэффициентов второго порядка в этом пределе не равны нулю, однако они не удовлетворяют критерию нулевого производства энтропии. Таким образом, голографическая жидкость Гаусса-Бонне не является недиссипативной квантовой жидкостью.
Gospa Verdurin v prevodu
Authors: Marinčič Katarina
Published: February 2015

Kot vse Proustove literane osebe se tudi gospa Verdurin, bogata meščanka z umetniškimi pretenzijami, izraža v kodu. Sistem znakov, ki jih uporablja, jo kot lik psihološko karakterizira. Obenem gospa Verdurin z znaki, ki jih oddaja, znotraj Proustovega sveta vzpostavlja in brani svoje meščansko, protiaristokratsko stališče. Takšna dvojna raba znakov (dvojna tako s strani pripovedovalca kot s stališča literarne osebe) privede do specifičnih prevajalskih problemov. Če se po eni strani zdi, da se nekatere družbeno-zgodovinske konotacije Proustovega besedila ob prenosu v druge jezike neizbežno izgubijo, pa lahko v vseh treh obravnavanih prevodih (angleškem Moncrieffa in Kilmartina, nemškem Eve Rechel-Martens ter slovenskem Radojke Vrančič) opazimo, da se prevajalci izrazito trudijo ohraniti psihološke konotacije ter si, vsak na svoj način, prizadevajo poustvariti afektirani slog gospe Verdurinove.
Prevajalec in meje med diskurzi: prevajanje francoskega "pripovedovanega monologa" v slovenskih prevodih Flaubertove Madame Bovary
Authors: Gacoin-Marks Florence
Published: February 2015

Pripovedovani monolog (narrated monologue) je mnogokokrat dvoumna in večglasna (polifonska) oblika diskurza, ki je pogosta v Flaubertovih romanih, zlasti v Madame Bovary. Ta postopek, ki je v francoščini znan kot prosti odvisni govor in je še danes predmet preučevanja tako jezikoslovcev kot naratologov, tujim prevajalcem francoske književnosti povzroča resne, včasih prav nerešljive težave. Zaradi razlik med francoskim in slovenskim jezikom, zlasti zaradi odsotnosti sosledice časov med spremnim in odvisnim stavkom v odvisnem govoru oz. za veznikom "da", se slovenski pripovedovani monolog oz. t.i. polpremi govor jasno razlikuje od drugih oblik diskurzov, ki sestavljajo književno besedilo. Slovenski polpremi govor se od francoskega prostega odvisnega govora razlikuje tudi po tem, da v njem ne moreta soobstajati pripoved pripovedovalca in poročani govor literarnega lika, kar pomeni, da je tako rekoč povsem enoglasen (monofonski). Zaradi napisanega mora slovenski prevajalec med prevajanjem francoske proze, med drugim Flaubertovih romanov, vedno posegati v izvirno besedilo in določati meje med različnimi oblikami diskurza ter pretvoriti večglasni prosti odvisni govor bodisi v pripovedni govor bodisi v slovenski enoglasni polpremi govor. Poleg tega je prisiljen k tolmačenju dvoumnih glagolskih oblik znotraj francoskega prostega odvisnega govora, zlasti pogojnika, saj ta ne izraža vedno samo prihodnjega časa v preteklosti.
Flaubertove "Idées reçues" v konverzaciji: izhodišče za slovenski prevod
Authors: Fock Ignac
Published: February 2015

Pričujoči članek je prevodoslovna študija izraza "idées reçues", kot ga je uporabil Gustave Flaubert v svojem delu Dictionnaire des idées reçues, zlasti v luči prevoda tega besedila v slovenščino. Avtor prouči trenutno pomensko vrednost besedne zveze in povzame njen zgodovinski razvoj ter pojasni Flaubertov prispevek k njeni rabi in pomenu. Poudari svojskost Flaubertovih "idées reçues" ter ob tem prikaže problematičnost njihovega prevoda v slovenščino, ki ne pozna etimoloških in družbeno-zgodovinskih vzporednic, opomni pa tudi na dvoumnost "ideje" v tem kontekstu. Avtor, sicer tudi prevajalec Slovarja, razčleni prevode "idée reçue" v nekaj drugih jezikov, nato pa se opre na vpetost izraza v konverzacijo, kar je dejansko dosegel Flaubert, in preko nje utemelji prevod "splošno priznana resnica".
Nemirni časi in prevajanje: "Ki or ne voelt a mei venir sʼen alt!"
Authors: Pintarič Miha
Published: February 2015

Članek, ki temelji na primerjalni analizi treh različnih prevodov Pesmi o Rolandu iz treh različnih zgodovinskih obdobij, ugotavlja razlike med njimi in jezikovno oziroma družbeno-zgodovinsko pogojenost teh razlik.
Napake učencev tujega jezika v nareku
Authors: Žugelj Nataša
Published: February 2015

Članek se posveča značilnostim napak v nareku pri slovenskih študentih francoščine. Za analizo narekov smo se odločili zato, ker je narek kompleksna vaja, ki preverja tako slušno razumevanje kot tudi poznavanje pravopisa in slovničnih pravil. Najprej nas je zanimala pojavnost nekaterih tipov napak. Da bi zajeli kar največ napak, ki se pojavljajo v tem tipu pisnega diskurza, smo izdelali posebno klasifikacijo napak. Nato smo se posvetili iskanju možnih vzrokov za napake in nazadnje ponudili nekaj uporabnih predlogov za njihovo preprečevanje. Analiz narekov je pokazala, da so najštevilčnejše napake pravopisnega značaja, sledijo še napake leksikalne narave in izpuščanje besed in besednih zvez. Med najpogostejšimi vzroki lahko navedemo zahtevnost francoskega pravopisa, slabše poznavanje besedišča in pomanjkanje avtomatizmov. Za korenito zmanjšanje števila napak v narekih so gotovo nujno potrebni prizadevnost, vztrajnost in aktivno udejstvovanje s strani učenca. Seveda pa ne smemo pozabiti tudi na učinkovit pristop s strani učitelja, ki bo učencem ponudil različne aktivnosti za izboljšanje jezikovnih kompetenc, ki jih še posebej potrebujejo v narekih.
Tipologija števnikov v slovanskih jezikih
Authors: Feuillet Jack
Published: February 2015

Znano je, da so števniki v slovanskih jezikih kompleksna jezikovna struktura spričo številnih oblikovnih variacij, različnih kontekstualnih rab in raznih tipov zaznamovanosti. Temu problemu so posvečene številne študije, vendar vprašanje še zdaleč ni izčrpano. Pričujoči članek ponuja tipološko pojasnitev nekaterih poglavitnih pojavov: v prvi vrsti proučuje oblikovne variacije (sklonske tipe) števnikov, nato se loteva pomenskih značilnosti (živost, človeškost, kolektivnost), na koncu pa analizira še oznamovanje skladenjskih členov v samostalniških zvezah. Ne glede na to, kako jih skušamo analitično opisati, števniški sistemi ostajajo za govorce neslovanskih jezikov pomemben učni problem.
Samodejno tvorjenje slovanskih leksemov iz njihovih historičnih korenov: eden od temeljev za večjezično poučevanje zahodnoslovanskih jezikov
Authors: Pognan Patrice , Panevová Jarmila
Published: February 2015

Pričujoče besedilo je plod celega zapovrstja raziskav, ki postopoma vodijo k vse boljšemu razumevanju slovanskega jezikovnega sistema, in sicer v njegovih diahronih in sinhronih razsežnostih. V prvi fazi gre za eksperimentalno raziskavo avtomatske analize češčine (sodobna medicinska, znanstvena in tehnična besedila) s pomočjo hevrističnih metod, utemeljenih na prepoznavanju jezikovnih oblik (analiza brez slovarja), ki kaže možnosti za avtomatsko tvorjenje češčine. V nadaljevanju je spoznavanje češke historične slovnice, zlasti v njeni fonološki razsežnosti, pripeljalo do določenih ključnih ugotovitev v zvezi z razvojem severozahodnih slovanskih jezikov in sistemskimi lastnostmi, po katerih se ti med seboj razlikujejo.
Équivalence et normes en traduction juridique
Authors: Vaupot Sonia
Published: February 2015

La traduction juridique est un processus complexe au cours duquel le traducteur doit prendre une série de décisions. En effet, il doit traduire les mots et le texte tout en laissant les normes inchangées. Sʼil sʼagit de traduire des normes juridiques, la traduction consiste à faire en sorte que le texte produise dans la langue cible les mêmes effets que dans la langue source. Ainsi, dans le présent article, nous tenterons de préciser en quoi la notion de norme intéresse la traduction juridique. Par ailleurs, la notion de norme implique inévitablement une théorie de lʼéquivalence. En effet, ce type de traduction exige des connaissances particulières dans le domaine juridique dans la langue source comme dans la langue cible. Aussi, partant dʼun corpus, nous nous demanderons si le traducteur linguiste observe les mêmes règles dʼéquivalence que le traducteur juriste. Rendent-ils à lʼidentique lʼidentité de sens quelles que soient les divergences de structures (grammaticales, stylistiques ou lexicales) qui sʼétablissent entre les textes sources et cibles ? Partant du modèle de Toury concernant lʼactivité traduisante, nous lʼappliquerons aux traductions des textes juridiques, mettant ainsi en évidence les similitudes ou divergences entre traducteurs linguistes et traducteurs juristes.
How plain is legal English in statutes?
Authors: Borisova Lidia
Published: February 2015

This article analyzes whether Plain English Campaign has influenced the language of British statutes. The author enumerates some requirements plain English in legislation should satisfy and compares to what extent, if any, the drafters of legislative texts have managed to satisfy these requirements. Special attention is paid to the mostcriticized features of statutes such as archaic words and the modal shall. Some other aspects analyzed in the article are the use of Voice, Tenses, syntax and organization of British statutes. The author provides examples illustrating the points stated, outlines a perspective for further research and comments on some difficulties Plain English Campaign may face in the UK as far as the legislative texts are concerned.
Brand names between the rule of orthography and rule of law: to break the law or thwart language norms?
Authors: Dobrovoljc Helena
Published: February 2015

The article presents the divergence between legal norms and rules of orthography with regard to respect for industrial property. In line with international guidelines, the Slovene Industrial Property Act (ZIL-1) endows the owner of industrial property or a brand name with the exclusive right to its use, thus enabling the owner to prohibit its inappropriate use or demand its unmodified use. On the other hand, industrial product names are also linguistic entities, facts submitted to the rules of language use, changeand transformation. Frequently used names begin to be used in forms that differ from the original forms, a phenomenon that is related to the natural modification of the identification function of the original name. If such forms acquire a generic character their syntactic position is changed (they no longer appear as attributives), the initial letteris no longer capitalised (Kalodont > kalodont), and often the forms are phonetically adapted to the borrowing language (Cognac > konjak). As sources of information about the state of language use, language reference works present the names in these newforms. In light of the fact that brand name owners view generic use as illegal, such owners are legally bound to dispute the otherwise authentic representation of language data in language resources. Lexicographers all over the world are faced with lawyers telling lexicographers which form is allowed to be included in the dictionary (Landau 2001:405407). In Slovenia, we are currently dealing with a legal-orthographic dilemma regarding the use of the names Teflon, Aspirin and Cognac.
Recht und Sprache: Strukturierung einiger offener Fragen
Authors: Pavčnik Marijan
Published: February 2015

Rechtssprache ist der gemeinsame Ausdruck für die Sprache, die von Gesetzgebern (z. B. Gesetzessprache), Rechtsfachleuten, die die Gesetze und andere formelle Rechtsquellen auslegen und anwenden, sowie von der Rechtswissenschaft verwendet wird. Die Rechtssprache basiert auf der allgemeinen Umgangssprache, die sie jedoch durch Fachausdrücke ausbaut und ergänzt, sodass es sich, ganzheitlich gesehen, um eine besondere Fachsprache handelt. In einer weiteren Bedeutung soll durch die Sprache des Rechts auch die alltägliche Rechtserfahrung erfasst werden, die bezüglich ihrer Ausdrucksform vielfältig und inhaltlich vielgestaltig ist.
Transkulturelle Kommunikation und Translation zwischen Rechtssystemen: am Beispiel des slowenischen und österreichischen Kindschaftsrechts
Authors: Kučiš Vlasta , Dubrovnik Metka
Published: February 2015

Der vorliegende Beitrag befasst sich mit der transkulturellen juristischen Kommunikation unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der gültigen österreichischen und slowenischen Gesetzgebung im Bereich des Zivilrechts bzw. des Kindschafts- und Sorgerechts.Die Autorinnen möchten auf einige Differenzen aufmerksam machen, denn nur auf den ersten Blick scheint die slowenische Gesetzgebung mit der österreichischen identisch zu sein und dem Übersetzer keine Probleme zu bereiten. In diesem Kontext analysieren sie Rolle und Verantwortung des Übersetzers als Kommunikationsexperten in der vielsprachigen und multikulturellen juristischen Sphäre, der für die anspruchsvolle undkomplexe Tätigkeit des fachsprachlichen Transfers bestimmte Kompetenzen mitbringenmuss, um professionell und kompetent Kommunikationsbarrieren überwinden und bei fehlender Äquivalenz entsprechende Substitutionslösungen vorschlagen zu können.Rechtstexte sind in der Regel durch eine spezifische, exakte und eindeutige Terminologiecharakterisiert, um Doppeldeutigkeiten und damit eng verbundenen Missverständnissen vorzubeugen, was vom Übersetzer unbedingt zu beachten ist, da bei der Übersetzung juristischer Texte die Inhalte des Ausgangs- und Zieltextes dieselbe Information, denselben Transparenzgrad sowie auch dieselbe Textfunktion haben sollen. Untermauert wird der Beitrag durch die translationswissenschaftliche Fachübersetzungstheorie,wobei der Skopostheorie, die sich für eine adressatenspezifische Translation einsetzt, besonderes Gewicht zukommt.
When language becomes law: the methodology and criteria adopted by the South Tyrolean terminology commission for the standardisation of German and Italian translation equivalents
Authors: Chiocchetti Elena , Ralli Natascia , Stanizzi Isabella
Published: February 2015

South Tyrol is a part of Northern Italy where a large German-speaking minority lives. In 1972 the local population was granted the right to use the minority language with the public administration, in court and in all realms of public life (DPR 672/1972). An urgent need for a clear and consistent German legal language that faithfully reflected the Italian legal system ensued. The task of responding to such terminological emergency was assigned to a commission of six legal experts and translators (DPR574/1988), who were to officially validate (i.e. standardise) the German language equivalents to the existing legal and administrative Italian terms. The use of the newly standardised terminology is mandatory for all public bodies. After about 20 years of activity, the proposed paper aims at analysing the results obtained and difficulties faced by the Commission during their daunting task of creating a German language terminology to express the concepts of Italian law with a constant view to the neighbouring well-established German speaking legal systems. The paper will illustrate the decision-making process, term selection criteria and strategies of neologyas well as discuss the procedural problems and terminological inconsistencies on the basis of real examples.
Common European Framework of Reference for Languages in Croatia: an analysis of writing competence at level C1
Authors: Spajić Marija , Vrhovac Yvonne
Published: February 2015

The aim of the article is to present the results of a research conducted with advanced (C1 level) learners of French as a foreign language in Croatia, in which their writing competence was studied according to the CEFR descriptors. Our hypothesis was that reaching level C1 demanded that a considerable amount of effort be invested in the development of learners’ writing and pragmatic skills.  In the evaluation of these skills, characteristics of culture-specific learning contexts are to be taken into account. To test our hypothesis, we used a structured questionnaire and interviews with teachers. The results of our research are presented in the conclusion.
The CEFR perspective on genre information in French for specific purposes textbooks
Authors: Jarc Mojca
Published: February 2015

In the past twenty years, the results of genre-based studies have been introduced into programmes of languages for specific purposes and even genre-based approaches have been used to teach languages for specific purposes. At the same time, the CEFR has been recognised as an important tool and reference in the process of materials design. However, the relationship between these two powerful frameworks has not been fully explored. In this article, we aim to analyse this relationship in order to reveal how genre knowledge is presented through written texts and through tasks included in textbooks. Based on the results of qualitative text analysis, we argue that the integration of the CEFR and genre perspectives yields valuable information concerning the role of genres at different CEFR levels and in different domains. We offer an insight into the genre identities portrayed in French for Specific Purposes textbooks and identify the possible types of gaps that may arise when the user’s professional identities are considered through the genres included in textbooks.
The European language portfolio (ELP) in Slovenian primary education: the teachers’ perspective
Authors: Sešek Urška , Skela Janez , Deutsch Tomi
Published: February 2015

The European Language Portfolio (ELP) is a unique, pan-European language learning material, aimed at supporting life-long language learning and the development of learner autonomy and intercultural competences. The article outlines the ELP's origins, structure and functions, and its impact on foreign language learning and teaching in Europe. Of the Slovenian ELP models, the two intended for primary school have been the most widely-implemented. Their implementation was the subject of a three-year study, in the context of a national piloting project involving over 600 learners and 100 teachers, held in 2008 and 2009. Due to the complexity and scope of the study, this article focuses on the perspective of the teachers, as carriers of pedagogical innovation. The results show that the two versions of ELP validated for Slovenian primary schools are judged by the teachers as being quality materials which are well-adapted to the learners. This pilot period yielded a number of positive effects in both teaching and learning, most notably more communicative and learner-centered instruction formats, and an increase in the learners' motivation and self-assessment skills. The main concern was strained lesson planning, due to the fact that the ELP was not integrated into the curriculum. Overall, the study shows that, of the two parallel functions of the ELP, the documenting of language learning and achievement is more readily embraced, while the self-assessment and self-directedness aspects involve a paradigm shift, which would require further sustained and widely-supported implementation. This would enable the full unfolding of the ELP's great potential for the promotion of language and intercultural competences and lifelong learning in Slovenia and in Europe.
„Be on the right track“ – phraseodidactic approaches in teaching German as a foreign language
Authors: Arh Urška Valenčič
Published: February 2015

Phraseological units are common linguistic elements, which have seen an upturn in phraseological research as well as in phraseodidactics of foreign language. Phraseo­logy is used to expand the students’ vocabulary and to enhance their communicative competence. Phraseodidactics deals with  the treatment of phraseological vocabulary in language teaching practice and in course books. Its scope ranges from identifying phraseological units to developing students’ phraseological competence in their mother tongue and/or foreign languages.The article deals with some aspects of the acquisition of phraseological competence in German as a foreign language. Special attention is given to the place phraseological units occupyin the coursebook and workbook for teaching German as a foreign language studio d – Die Mittelstufe B2. The focus is not only on the frequency of phraseological units, but on the didactic approach employed in dealing with such units as elements which should be systematically taken into consideration in teaching German as a foreign language. The article also discusses the importance of  careful integration of phraseology into the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages as an important part of students’ lexical competence at all levels from A1 to C2.
Glagolski kazalniki epistemične modalnosti in njihova vloga pri razvoju sporazumevalnih jezikovnih zmožnosti
Authors: Ciglič Barbara Pihler
Published: February 2015

Jezikovna modalnost ali naklonska sestavina jezika, eden izmed najznačilnejših pojavov v procesu sporazumevanja, s širšega zornega kota zadeva odnos, ki ga govorec vpisuje v besede, ko pripoveduje, sprašuje, izraža želje ali poskuša usmeriti pozornost v to, kar govori. Tradicionalno gledano, sodijo pod široko etiketo jezikovne modalnosti raznolike formalne manifestacije: glagolski naklon, modalni glagoli, določeni prislovi in členki, intonacija in podobno.Pričujoča študija se osredotoča na nekatere glagolske kazalnike (marcadores verbales) epistemične modalnosti v španščini in proučuje njihovo vlogo pri razvoju sporazumevalnih zmožnosti. Epistemično modalnost razumemo kot jezikovno izražanje govorčeve zaveze do »faktualnosti« oziroma do objektivne predstavitve izjave. V prvem delu članka se izpostavijo tiste modalne glagolske perifraze in posamezni glagolski časi, ki v določenih kontekstih signalizirajo epistemično modalnost in evidencialnost v tako imenovanih »citatnih« ali »polifoničnih« rabah. Drugi del študije predstavi izsledke analize šestih učbenikov za španščino kot tuji jezik (ravni SEJO B1, B2 in C1), s katero se je želelo ugotoviti, na kakšen način se ti mehanizmi v učbenikih sistematizirajo ter kakšen je njihov prispevek k razvoju sporazumevalnih jezikovnih zmožnosti (po SEJO: jezikovnih, sociolingvističnih in pragmatičnih zmožnosti). Menimo namreč, da eksplicitno poučevanje epistemične modalnosti pri pouku španščine kot tujega jezika bistveno prispeva k usvajanju jezikovne rabe, zato si zasluži večjo pozornost.
Contrastive analysis as a didactic tool: acquisition problems of the Spanish article in Slovene learners
Authors: Santiago Alonso Gemma
Published: February 2015

The aim of the paper is to present a semantically based approach to the teaching of the Spanish article usage from the point of view of contrastive analysis, taking into account the role of plurilingualism and the development of  the learner’s linguistic awareness, as envisaged by the CEFR. Dealing with the development of the linguistic awareness of the Slovene learners with regard to the acquisition of the Spanish article, we try to explain the uses of the Spanish article and the linguistic (or extralinguistic) mechanisms employed by the Slovene language to express definiteness on the basis of examples from Julio Cortazar's short story Las babas del diablo and its Slovene translation  by Vesna Velkovrh Bukilica. Also, the most problematic uses of the article with which Slovene learners may have problems –because of significant differences between Slovene and Spanish in the areas of grammar concerned – have been classified according to the different levels suggested in CEFR and in Plan Curricular of Instituto Cervantes. The final purpose of the study is to show the pedagogic implications of the use of contrastive analysis in language learning, especially in dealing with complex grammatical issues such as the acquisition of the Spanish article by Slovene learners.
From metataxis to linguistic mediation: the forgotten structure?
Authors: Franić Ivana
Published: February 2015

In his capital work Eléments de syntaxe structurale (1959) Lucien Tesnière introduces the concept of metataxis, structural change occurring during the transition from one language to another. While focusing on structural relationships that are built upon this passage, the author highlights the need to rethink the phrase in the target language. Departing from a purely mechanical perspective, Tesnière paves the way for contrastive analysis, but also for cognitive theories, referring to the concepts of traductions profondes and of the independence of structure and meaning.However, the action-oriented approach presupposes a dynamic process of learning / teaching that places the learner at the center and takes into account all the abilities of this “social actor”. In that way the CEFR opens the individual and social dimensions of mediation (Piccardo 2012), which is one of the key concepts of the action-oriented approach.In this paper we outline the conceptual foundations of metataxis and linguistic mediation and then examine the role of translation as the basic operation for the transition from one language to another, specifically in the learner-centred action-oriented approach. We rethink the concept of translation, taking into account its mechanical and structural aspects as well as its individual and social dimensions, which offers many opportunities for language and culture learning. The linguistic structure is considered as an essential component of linguistic mediation.
The CEFR and teaching Japanese as a foreign language
Authors: Shigemori Bučar Chikako , Ryu Hyeonsook , Moritoki Škof Nagisa , Hmeljak Sangawa Kristina
Published: February 2015

Soon after the publication of the CEFR in 2001, the Association of Japanese Language Teachers in Europe (AJE) started a research project on the history of language teaching in Europe, carried out a survey of language policies in various European countries, and presented prospects for learning and teaching Japanese as a foreign language in Europe. The association recognizes the need to share the concepts and achievements of the CEFR.The Japan Foundation (JF), partially influenced by the CEFR, set up the JF Standard for Japanese Language Education in 2010. This standard offers tools that teachers and students can use to plan their teaching/learning through self-assessment of their language ability levels. The JF is also publishing new types of textbooks for Japanese education, emphasizing cross-cultural understanding between peoples.The Japanese Language Proficiency Test was revised in 2010 and is now ability-oriented; it is indirectly influenced by the CEFR.The authors analyzed Japanese education at the University of Ljubljana in relation to the CEFR assessment levels. At the end of their undergraduate study, students reach approximately level B1/B2 of the CEFR, and at the end of the master’s course level C1. There are difficulties in assessing the current Japanese courses using the CEFR framework due to the specific character of Japanese, particularly in relation to the script, politeness and pragmatic strategies, and students’ familiarity with current events in Japan and background knowledge of Japanese society. Nevertheless, the CEFR framework offers concrete ideas and new points of view for planning language courses, even for non-European languages.
Challenges of the introduction of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages at foreign-language universities in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Viet anh
Published: February 2015

In today’s globalized world, it seems necessary, or even indispensable for the teaching/learning of foreign languages to be based on international standards proposed by the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFRL). The present article deals with issues of integration of the CEFRL in the Vietnamese context by analyzing the results of a study of training programs at six universities specializing in foreign languages, which are based in three regions of the country (Northern, Central and Southern Vietnam). Despite some positive changes and the dynamism characteristic of the approach, a mechanical and rigid introduction of CEFRL in foreign-language universities in Vietnam has actually caused several problems. These include (1) the inconsistency between the levels established by the CEFRL and the organization of teaching/learning; (2) the risk of teaching/learning becoming too “utilitarian” and too function-oriented and (3) excessive attention given to the evaluation and assessment of linguistic knowledge and of performance level  rather than on the ability to use various resources as well as to long-term process of competence development. The study results show some possible ways for the development of a referential frame for learning/teaching French in Vietnam.
Teaching Chinese in heterogeneous classrooms: strategies and practices
Authors: Zhang Fernandez Rong
Published: February 2015

The heterogeneous nature of the Chinese classroom is a reality in the teaching of Chinese in France, both in secondary and higher education. This heterogeneity is due to several reasons: different levels of language knowledge, different origins and backgrounds of the students, different teaching/learning objectives, different cultural and family background, and social factors. Our research has been conducted in  a final-year LIE college class (langue inter-établissement;) in a French secondary school. In our study, the following questions have been posed: How to best adapt the teaching of Chinese to fit the needs of all students? Would differentiated instruction be a solution? What would be the best strategies and practices, in view of the CEFR requirements related to teaching content, to tasks and to assessment? Taking into account a detailed analysis of the class in question in terms of the type of students, the differences in their knowledge of language, and their learning goals, , we adopt  the theory of differentiated instruction –  its main ideas strategies, its overall methodology and practical techniques to address the difficulties ensuing from classroom heterogeneity. The differentiation is implemented at the level of content, task selection, course structure and evaluation. Are there any limitations to differentiated instruction? Strong discrepancies in the levels of students’ knowledge is potentially a problem, and differences in their work pace as well as the teachers’ increased workload can also present difficulties. New ways of organizing language classes such as grouping students on the basis of their various language skills could help solve these issues.
Evaluation of textbooks for German as a foreign language in the basis of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: learning, teaching, assessment
Authors: Retelj Andreja
Published: February 2015

The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment (CEFR) has since its inception in 2001 served as a guideline not only for teachers and students, but also for curriculum writers, test developers, and textbook authors. CEFR was only translated into Slovenian in 2011. The key principle of CEFR is an action-oriented approach that defines the communicative competence of an individual on the basis of the language activities of reception (listening, reading), production (spoken and written), interaction (spoken), and mediation. Each individual skill is defined by descriptors for levels A1-C2. The aim is to ensure more transparency in the process of language teaching and learning and at the same time to enable students to develop their foreign-language communication competence in an efficient way. Given that foreign language textbooks greatly influence the way a foreign language is taught, the article tries to determine how the students’ lexical competence at different levels (as defined by CEFR) is developed with the aid of some of the most commonly used German language textbooks.
Food and Drink in Antiquity Readings from the Graeco-Roman World A Sourcebook
Authors: Donahue John F.
Published: February 2015

Amid growing interest in food and drink as an academic discipline in recent years, this volume is the first to provide insight into eating and drinking by focusing on what the ancients themselves actually had to say about this important topic.

A thorough and varied sourcebook, it is structured thematically and is a unique asset to any course on food and foodways. The chronological scope of the material extends from Greece of the 8th century BCE to the Late Roman Empire of the 4th century CE. Each chapter consists of an introduction along with a concluding bibliography of suggested readings. The excerpts themselves, rendered in clear and readable English that remains faithful to the original Latin or Greek, are set in their proper social and historical context, with the author of each passage fully identified.

An unparalleled compilation of essential source material for Classics courses and with a wide range of evidence, drawing upon literary, inscriptional, legal and religious testimony, Food and Drink in Antiquity will also be particularly well suited to the interdisciplinary focus of modern food studies.
R. S. Peters
Authors: Cuypers Stefaan E. , Martin Christopher
Published: February 2015

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KLIPPEL–FEIL SINDROMAS – VAIKO NEĮGALUMĄ LEMIANTI RETA ANOMALIJA
Authors: Janulaitytė Ieva , Vadišiūtė Augustė , Serapinas Danielius
Published: February 2015

Disability includes health problems and personal activity restriction affects body functions or structures violations. Level of disability is a complex assessment of health status and self-loss in daily activities. Degree of disability is determined according to the level of disability determination criteria and procedure description. Basic working capacity assessed by reference to person‘s health status. It is important the early detection of level of disability that would help in time. Discusses the clinical case of a patient who came to LUHS Hospital Kaunas Clinics for suspected genetic syndrome. Patients phenotypic changes - chest deflection, spinal hemangioma and vertebral scoliosis. As well as recurrent respiratory tract infections with obstructive syndrome and bronchiolitis. Clinical features characteristic of Klippel-Feil syndrome, differentiated with occult spinal dysraphism. Provided data about disease symptoms, pathogenesis, diagnosis and the possible clinical manifestations. This case report contains a literature review of other reported cases and case analysis.
HEMOFILIJA A IR B SERGANČIŲ LIETUVOS VAIKŲ BURNOS SVEIKATA IR JĄ LEMIANTYS VEIKSNIAI
Authors: Žaliūnienė Rūta , Aleksejūnienė Jolanta , Brukienė Vilma , Pečiulienė Vytautė
Published: February 2015

Patients with haemophilia often face difficulties in accessing primary dental care: they are at increased risk of spontaneous gum bleeding and significant bleeding from invasive dental procedures. Other of the known barriers is lack of confidence in the ability of dentists to manage patients with haemophilia. The aim of this study was to examine the dental health and its determinants in Lithuanian children with haemophilia and to compare these findings to the general population. Materials and methods. Two study groups were formed: a group of cases, children with haemophilia aged between 4-17 years and a group of controls, randomly selected healthy subjects matched for gender, age and place of residense. The Quantitative Plaque Percent Index (P% index), caries related microflora, stimulated salivary flow rate and buffer capacity, dmf(t), DMF(t) scores were calculated and analyzed. Dietary habits, frequency of tooth brushing, educational and economic level of the parents and type of haemophilia were determined by a questionnaire. Results. Data were collected from 57 children among which 27 were children with haemophilia and 30 healthy controls. Children with haemophilia had lower overall caries experience and less unmet dental treatment needs in deciduous dentitions as compared to their healthy counterparts, but were no differences between the study groups in permanent dentitions. Higher bacteriological counts were found in controls than in study group. Healthy children were from higher socio-economic status families than children with haemophilia. Conclusions. Better dental health was observed in children with haemophilia in deciduos teeth as compared to healthy children. In permanent dentitions overall caries experience and unmet dental treatment needs did not differ between cases and controls.
Western Faculty Profile: Dr. John Di Guglielmo
Authors: Yip Cheryl Y
Published: February 2015

Dr. John Di Guglielmo was born and raised in Montreal, where he completed his BSc and PhD degrees in Biochemistry at McGill University. During this time, he discovered and grew his passion for conducting basic cancer research. After his post doctorate fellowship at the Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute (Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON), Dr. Di Guglielmo came to Western University as an Assistant Professor. Today, he is an Associate Professor in the Physiology and Pharmacology department at Western’s Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry. Cheryl Yip, an Academic Affairs Coordinator for WURJHNS, had the opportunity to interview Dr. Di Guglielmo to learn more about his career in research.
Fifty Years of Sustainability Accounting: Does Accounting for Income in Business Sustainability Really Exist?
Authors: Abou Taleb Mona , Gibson Brian , Hovey Martin
Published: February 2015

The major challenges faced in the area of accounting for sustainability are the complexity and uncertainty of the subject matter, specially the lack of a clearly understood definition of sustainable development (SD). Further, the aspect of economic or income sustainability is one of the important measures of SD that can be achieved through the implementation of the concept of environmental management accounting (EMA). However, by taking an overview through the literature of accounting for business sustainability, the outcome of this paper indicates that the majority of literature on the financial or economic aspects of business sustainability focuses on the cost side and how to measure it either in monetary units or in non-monetary units while totally neglecting the revenue side either for business, environment, or society.