bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theoretical prediction of two-element two-dimensional layered structures and efficient doping engineering on carbon phosphide
Authors: Liu Sheng , Liu Bin , Wang Tongtong , Zhu Sicong , Li Yu
Published: October 2023

We discovered three new novel stable two-dimensional (2D) materials that have not been reported before by replacing the C or P element of the carbon phosphide (CP) monolayer entirely.
Preferable forward energy transfer in Tb(C12H8N2)2(NO3)3@Ca0.9Eu0.1MoO4 hierarchical porous composites via the interface
Authors: Yang Rui Rui , Cheng Fangrui , Lan Bang
Published: October 2023

The forward energy transfer from Tb3+ → Eu3+ in porous composites via interfacial interaction.
Piezochromism and anomalous near-infrared luminescence evolution of BaCuSi4O10 and BaCuSi2O6via pressure-induced phase transition
Authors: Liu Ke , Li Chen , Jiang Dequan , Ma Yingying , Wen Ting , Yue Binbin , Wang Yonggang
Published: October 2023

Piezochromism of BaCuSi4O10 and BaCuSi2O6 during compression, and the evolution of near-infrared luminescence with pressure.
Management strategies for single-use plastics: lessons to learn from Indian approach of minimizing microplastic waste
Authors: Singh Surya , Biswas Mrinal Kanti
Published: October 2023

Effective management of single-use plastic (SUP) waste can significantly help to minimize microplastic pollution.
A blockchain‐based user authorization management method for information exchanging of federation of industry and commerce
Authors: Yang Jingqi , Li Hanqing
Published: October 2023

The blockchain does not need the central organization to make trust endorsement, which is suitable for large scale information exchange between different regions. In addition, blockchain has the characteristics of decentralization and tamper resistant, so that it no longer needs an intermediary platform. A blockchain‐based user authorization management method is proposed, which applies blockchain as an underlaying security mechanism for distributed user authorization management within a trusted community of a distributed information exchange sites of federation of industry and commerce. This method can ensure the reliability, consistency, and integrity of user authorization information. With this method, an elastic data exchange trusted community can be built between the data owner and the authorized data user according to the data exchange needs to achieve reliable distributed access authorization.
Fixed‐time adaptive tracking control for MIMO nonlinear system with input delay saturation based on echo state network
Authors: Lun Shuxian , Wu Meixia , Lu Xiaodong , Li Ming
Published: October 2023

The paper expounds the question of echo state network‐based fixed‐time adaptive tracking control for a type of multi‐input multi‐output nonlinear strict‐feedback system with input delayed saturation. Based on the feature that echo state network can obtain better estimation performance at lower computational cost, it is utilized to approximate the unknown nonlinear function in the controller design course. By constructing an auxiliary system, a time‐delay system with input saturation is eliminated. Moreover, command filtering techniques can be applied to avoid the “complexity explosion” problem in the backstepping method. Then, the closed‐loop system is attested to be semi‐global practical fixed‐time stable. In the end, a simulation shows the valid scheme.
Leaky echo state network based on methane topology applied to time series prediction
Authors: Gong Yuanpeng , Lun Shuxian , Li Ming , Yin Hang
Published: October 2023

In this paper, a proposed echo state network (ESN) model called F‐ESN is based on methane topology. Due to the neurons in the reservoir of the ESN model being random and sparsely connected, the stability of the system structure could be better, and the prediction accuracy could be higher. To solve this issue, the reservoir's neuronal connectivity is modified to a certain methane structure. A master neuron governs each little unit and communicates with the others to pass information. In addition, MFO optimized by adaptive dynamic operators is used to optimize the three parameters of ESN : leakage rate , spectral radius of the connection weight matrix , and input scale factor . To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, low‐frequency sin time series, high‐frequency SIN time series, and MG time series are simulated. The experimental results show that the methane topology can further improve the prediction accuracy of leakage echo state networks.
Line‐of‐sight probability for UAV communications in 3D grid urban streets
Authors: Song Mengan , Liang Zhonghua , Huo Yiming , Liu Ren
Published: October 2023

In this letter, the authors present a novel expression for the probability of line‐of‐sight (LoS) between a UAV and ground users situated on a gridded street within urban and dense urban environments. Firstly, this study conducts extensive ray‐tracing simulations, encompassing over 50,000 receivers positioned along streets in Brooklyn and Manhattan, respectively. Moreover, the impact of street width on the probability of LoS is investigated, considering three different average widths. By fitting the LoS probability data corresponding to the UAV's elevation angle in two urban environments obtained by simulations, a unified expression representing the relationship between the LoS probability and the UAV's elevation angle is obtained. This obtained LoS probability expression is compared with three existing expressions. The findings presented in this letter can provide some valuable insights for analytical studies on channel modelling between UAVs and ground‐based street users including vehicles.
Compact dielectric impulse radiating antenna with a flat feed arm structure for low‐frequency gain enhancement
Authors: Lee Junseop , Kim Kangwook
Published: October 2023

A compact dielectric impulse radiating antenna (IRA) with flat coplanar conical plate (CCP) feed arms was proposed for low‐frequency gain enhancement. An empirical equation was proposed to predict the characteristic impedance of the CCP arms submerged in a dielectric half‐space. The predicted value was used to determine the termination resistors that connect the feed arms to the reflector. Both the dielectric‐filled and conventional air‐filled IRAs were fabricated, and their performances were measured. The gain of the proposed dielectric‐filled IRA is shown to be higher at frequencies lower than 3 GHz, where the diameter of the reflector is one wavelength.
Fault line selection algorithm for distribution networks based on AdapGL‐GIN network
Authors: Lu Tong , Hou Sizu , Xu Yan
Published: October 2023

When a grounding fault occurs in the distribution network with distributed generation, the network topology becomes intricate, making it challenging to extract fault characteristics, resulting in a decrease in the precision of fault discrimination. To address this issue, a graph isomorphism network (GIN) approach based on the parameterized adaptive graph learning (AdapGL) module is proposed, transforming the distribution network fault selection problem into a graph classification task. First, the adjacency matrix of the distribution network's topology graph is initialized. This matrix, combined with feature vectors from the robust local mean decomposition energy entropy and transient dielectric loss angle of line, will be input into the GIN. Then, the AdapGL module is integrated into the GIN, dynamically learning and updating the one‐way relationships between actual network nodes to complete the graph classification task. Finally, a radial distribution network model (RDNM) and an improved IEEE 34 nodes model are established, and the fault selection results of the AdapGL‐GIN method are compared with those of other methods. The results indicate that the proposed method achieves higher accuracy than other methods, demonstrating significant practical importance in engineering applications.
TRACL: Temporal reconstruction and adaptive consistency loss for semi‐supervised video semantic segmentation
Authors: Liang Zhixue , Dong Wenyong , Zhang Bo
Published: October 2023

While existing supervised semantic segmentation methods have shown significant performance improvements, they heavily rely on large‐scale pixel‐level annotated data. To reduce this dependence, recent research has proposed semi‐supervised learning‐based methods that have achieved great success. However, almost all these works are mainly dedicated to image semantic segmentation, while semi‐supervised video semantic segmentation (SVSS) has been barely explored. Due to the significant difference between video data and image, simply adapting semi‐supervised image semantic segmentation approaches to SVSS may neglect the inherent temporal correlations in video frames. This paper presents a novel method (named TRACL) with temporal reconstruction (TR) and adaptive consistency loss (ACL) for SVSS, aiming to fully utilize the temporal relations of internal frames in video clip. The authors’ TR method implements the reconstruction from the feature and output levels to narrow the distribution gap between internal video frames. Specifically, considering the underlying data distribution, the authors construct Gaussian models for each category, and use probability density function to obtain the similarity between different feature maps for temporal feature reconstruction. The authors’ ACL can adaptively select two pixel‐wise consistency loss including Flow Consistency Loss and Reconstruction Consistency Loss, providing stronger supervision signals for unlabelled frames during model training. Additionally, the authors extend their method to unlabelled video for more training data by employing mean‐teacher structure. Extensive experiments on three datasets including Cityscapes, Camvid and VSPW demonstrate that the authors’ proposed method outperforms previous state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Category‐related attention domain adaptation for one‐stage cross‐domain object detection
Authors: Guan Shengxian , Dong Shuai , Gao Yuefang , Zou Kun
Published: October 2023

Cross‐domain object detection aims to generalize the distribution of features extracted by an object detector from an annotated domain to an unknown and unlabelled domain. Although one‐stage cross‐domain object detectors have significant advantages in deployment than two‐stage ones, they suffer from two problems. First, neglect of category features and inaccurate alignment between multiple category features would lead to decreased domain adaptation efficiency. Second, one‐stage detectors are more sensitive to imbalance of samples and negative samples severely affect the alignment process of domain adaptation. To overcome these two problems, an innovative category‐related attention domain adaptive method that refines discrimination for each category's feature has been proposed in this paper. In the proposed method, a group of domain discriminators is assigned to each category to refine the fine‐grained features between categories. The discriminators are trained via an adversarial discriminant framework to align the fine‐grained distributions cross different domains. A category attention alignment (CAA) module is proposed to navigate more attention to the foreground regions in instance‐level, which effectively alleviates the negative migration problem caused by the positive and negative sample imbalance of the one‐stage detector. Specifically, two sub‐modules in the CAA module are developed: a local CAA module and a global CAA module. These modules aim to optimize the domain offsets in both the local and global dimensions. In addition, a progressive global alignment module is designed to align image‐level features, offering prior knowledge of migration for the CAA module. The progressive global alignment module and CAA module collaboratively engage in benign competition with the backbone network across various levels. Extensive transferring experiments are conducted among cityscapes, foggy cityscapes, SIM10K, and KITTI. Experimental results show that the proposed method has much superior performance than other one‐stage cross‐domain detectors.
Generalisable convolutional neural network model for radio wave propagation in tunnels
Authors: Huang Siyi , Wang Shiqi , Zhang Xingqi
Published: October 2023

Propagation models are essential for the prediction of received signal strength and the planning of wireless systems in a given environment. The vector parabolic equation (VPE) method has been widely applied to the modelling of radio wave propagation in tunnels. However, carrying out simulations for large‐scale environments is still computationally expensive. A convolutional neural network (CNN)‐based propagation model, which can provide high‐fidelity received signal strength prediction based on results from low‐cost VPE simulations, is proposed. A thorough study of the generalisability, including both interpolation and extrapolation capabilities, of the proposed CNN model is conducted. It is found that the proposed model can achieve significant computational savings while maintaining acceptable accuracy, and its performance is validated in both simulations and actual tunnel cases.
Breakdown effect of periodic perturbations to the robustness of topological phase in a gyromagnetic photonic crystal
Authors: Tian Y. , Zhou Rui , Liu Zheng‐Rong , Liu Y. , Lin Hai , Zhou Bin
Published: October 2023

In the known field of topological photonics, what remains less so is the breakdown effect of topological phases deteriorated by perturbation. In this study, the authors investigate the variance on topological invariants for a periodic Kekulé medium perturbed in unit cells, which was a gyromagnetic photonic crystal holding topological phases induced by synchronised rotation of unit cells. Two parameters for geometric and material perturbation are respectively benchmarked to characterise the topological degradation. Our calculation demonstrates that such a periodic perturbation easily destructs the topological phase and thus calls for further checkups on robustness under such unit‐cell‐perturbation in realisation.
Differential magnetic field probe calibration based on symmetric de‐embedding technology
Authors: Hou Bo , Xue Shan , Ding Rui , Tian Xinxin , Shao Weiheng
Published: October 2023

The de‐embedding calibration method has been proposed to achieve high‐precision calibration for a single port electric field or magnetic field probe, which can effectively eliminate the calibration ripple. However, the method's effectiveness for a four‐port calibration system has not been verified yet. In this paper, a four‐port de‐embedding calibration method with a differential magnetic field probe is proposed, and its effectiveness is proved. Two symmetric grounded coplanar waveguide transmission lines are applied in the proposed method to solve the ABCD‐matrix of the embedded part of the calibrator. The de‐embedded S‐parameter model of the four‐port calibration system for differential magnetic field probe can be obtained. The calibration results indicate that the proposed method can also reduce the calibration ripple and compensate for the attenuation caused by the calibrator. Compared with the traditional calibration method using a microstrip line calibrator, the ripples of the proposed method can be reduced by 34%. The analysis results of the frequency interval of the ripple (FIR) in different methods show that the de‐embedding method can reduce the FIRs (except around 1.2 GHz) caused by the reflection of the calibrator and retain the FIR (about 1.2 GHz) caused by the reflection of the probe itself.
Identification of toll‐like receptor 5 and acyl‐CoA synthetase long chain family member 1 as hub genes are correlated with the severe forms of COVID‐19 by Weighted gene co‐expression network analysis
Authors: Wang Luoyi , Mao Zhaomin , Shao Fengmin
Published: October 2023

Since a 25% mortality rate occurred in critical Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients, investigating the potential drivers remains to be important. Here, the authors applied Weighted Gene Co‐expression Network Analysis to identify the potential drivers in the blood samples of multiple COVID‐19 expression profiles. The authors found that the darkslateblue module was significantly correlated with critical COVID‐19, and Gene Ontology analysis indicated terms associated with the inflammation pathway and apoptotic process. The authors intersected differentially expressed genes, Maximal Clique Centrality calculated hub genes, and COVID‐19 related genes in the Genecards dataset, and two genes, toll‐like receptor 5 (TLR5) and acyl‐CoA synthetase long chain family member 1 (ACSL1), were screened out. The Gene Set Enrichment Analysis further supports their core role in the inflammatory pathway. Furthermore, the cell‐type identification by estimating relative subsets of RNA transcript demonstrated that TLR5 and ACSL1 were associated with neutrophil enrichment in critical COVID‐19 patients. Collectively, the aurthors identified two hub genes that were strongly correlated with critical COVID‐19. These may help clarify the pathogenesis and assist the immunotherapy development.
Improvement of rural territories in the Vologda region
Authors: Khamitova Svetlana , Antonov Alexander , Khamitov Renat , Fedchenko Elena , Pestovsky Alexander , Ivanova Marina , Pastukhova Nadezhda
Published: October 2023

Creation and improvement of a comfortable, environmentally friendly and aesthetically rich environment of tourist areas is of great importance both in large cities and rural areas. The paper aims at the development of a project for the improvement and landscaping of the KupecheskyDvorik public territory in Ustye village (Vologda region, the Russian Federation). Ustye village is a tourist center of the region, so it is important to create an attractive image of the city for tourists. In the course of work, the improvement and landscaping of a public territory was conducted; an assortment of trees, shrubs and herbaceous vegetation was selected; trees and shrubs were planted as long as a lawn and flowerbeds. In accordance with the developed project, Thujaoccidentalis ‘Brabant’ was planted in a row along the building adjacent to the House of the Merchant Nikulichev; an ordinary garden lawn was created from the grass mixture of Festucarubra, Festucapratensis and Poapratensis between the House of the Merchant Nikulichev and its fence. According to the project, on the territory there are flowerbeds consisting of perennial plants: Astilbearendsii Gloria Purpurea, Hósta, PotentillafruticosaAbbotswood, Saxifragaarendsii, Heuchera. On the territory of the KupecheskyDvorik near the buildings there are signs with the name of the object, QR and bar codes. The created landscaping elements attract with their beauty, aesthetics and environmental friendliness which contributes to the creation of a high-quality urban environment and an increase in the tourist attractiveness of the village of Ustye.
Assessing fertility complexity of Agro-gray soil on the East European Plain using correlation-regression analysis
Authors: Bobrakov Fedor , Bashkireva Anastasia , Aseev Viktor , Ushakov Roman , Bashkireva Tatiana
Published: October 2023

According to classical concepts, soil fertility is an integrating indicator of soil properties. Correlation-regression analysis allows for the evaluation of the complexity of Agro-gray soil fertility in the East European Plain of Russia. The participation of all recorded soil properties and their equal contribution is the criteria for optimal assessment. The initial data array on soil properties divided into two clusters using the cluster analysis method. The absence of significant differences between clusters and some parameters in the model determined the need for correction. An acceptable level of fertility of Agro-gray soil established. The minimum requirements for the soil include 3.2% humus, 181 mg/kg of mobile phosphorus, and 144 mg/kg of exchangeable potassium pH and 1.5 mg-eq/100 g, respectively, the ratio of saturation of the soil with bases is not lower than 92%. With such a numerical combination of soil properties, the complexity of fertility ensured.
Strengthening the environmental, energy and food security of the state as part of the development of critical technologies in the agro-industrial complex
Authors: Kuzubov Alexey , Maksimenko Aleksandr , Yureva Viktoria
Published: October 2023

To ensure environmental, energy and food security in the face of climate change, it is necessary to optimize the management of agricultural nature management. In this context, a special role belongs to the development of industrial technologies as intersectoral climate-neutral innovations in the agricultural and energy sectors. To achieve the set goal and solve individual problems, general scientific and private methods based on an abstract-logical approach were used: system analysis; content analysis; grouping and systematization; induction; degradation; graphical and tabular presentation. The article discusses the features of the development of critical technologies as intersectoral climate-neutral innovations in the field of agricultural environmental management. The development of critical technologies are considered in the context of determining the criticality of economic sectors and the criticality of individual objects in the regional and national sense. Criteria for the criticality of technologies in the field of agro-industrial complex have been formed. The advantages of the transition to the optimization of agricultural nature management based on the development of intersectoral industrial enterprises of climate-neutral technologies for ensuring environmental, environmental, energy and food security are determined. The structure of the functioning of the agro-industrial hackathon as a way to develop critical technologies in the context of strengthening environmental, energy and food security is proposed.
Introduction of breeding samples of meadow clover according to economically valuable characteristics using modern breeding methods
Authors: Gasiev V.I. , Lushchenko G.V.
Published: October 2023

The paper presents the results of research on the formation of complex hybrid populations, an assessment of the collection samples of clover on a complex of economically valuable traits for the creation of forage varieties. The basis for the study were promising plants that weresown in a wide row and individually in a row. By negative selection, weak and underdeveloped plants were mowed down. It`s been noticed that there was the direct dependence of clover seeds` creation from the weather conditions. The collection samples of meadow clover`s assessment was given according to the complex of economically valuable features for the creation of the hay –pasture type varieties. The best samples are allocated for the yield of the green mass, the plants` height. The initial material was obtained on the signs of adaptability, yield of green mass, foliage and seed productivity. Promising clover samples were selected for high seed productivity, reaching more than 60 %. Similarly, in accordance with the vertical zonality of the natural habitats of wild introducers, the protein content in plant samples also increases. In terms of fodder yield, the maximum indicators were noted in the varieties Farn, Ustodlivy (Belorussian selection), Orlik (All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Legumes and Millet Crops), complex hybrid populations that exceeded the standard – the Daryal variety by 12-25%. According to seed, Nart varieties were distinguished. Synthetic populations Syn 305-03, Syn 274-94 (selection SKNIIGPSH VNC RAS), FM-143(VNII kordov), Dargavsky, (wild specimen of RSO – Alanya).
Semi-continuous cultivation of indigenous Chlorella sorokiniana for biomass and pigment production
Authors: Ziganshina Elvira , Bulynina Svetlana , Ziganshin Ayrat
Published: October 2023

The characteristics of microalgae, the composition of the growth medium, cultivation parameters, and the design of photobioreactors should be considered when obtaining biomass and biologically active substances from microalgae. Continuous and semi-continuous cultivation of microalgae at optimal hydraulic retention time (HRT) is one of the most promising approaches to optimizing the accumulation of biomass and desired metabolites. The continuous nutrient supply to photobioreactors avoids nutrient limitation and maintains algal biomass productivity at its maximum level. This study reports the effect of HRT on the growth of Chlorella sorokiniana and nutrient uptake by algal cells. The maximum cell density in the photobioreactor was observed during cultivation at HRT of 5 days, while the concentration of pigments and ammonium uptake remained at a high level at HRTs of 5–2.5 days. The obtained results demonstrate that C. sorokiniana can grow efficiently under semi-continuous cultivation conditions and can be considered to produce valuable metabolites.
Landscape structure of the territory of the state hunting sanctuary “Novocheremshansky” (Ulyanovsk region, Russia) as the basis of functional zoning of the territory
Authors: Astashin Andrej , Kamerilova Galina , Bazarov Aleksej , Podkovyrina Valeriya , Vatina Ol'ga
Published: October 2023

The article presents the results of researching the landscape structure of the territory of the state hunting sanctuary of regional significance "Novocheremshansky", based on the materials of field research, conducted in 2022, remote sensing data of the Earth, thematic maps, literary data, processed using the QGIS program. A floral list has been compiled, including 147 species in 51 families of 5 classes, of which 2 species are listed in the Red Book of the Ulyanovsk region. In the course of the research, 3 landscapes were identified, anthropogenic disturbance of natural complexes and the main threatening factors within the research area were established. On the basis of the landscape approach, a scheme of functional zoning of the territory has been developed, which is of interest to land users and environmental organizations.
Problems of accounting for land plots of agricultural enterprises: A case study in Russia, Samara region
Authors: Nosov Vladimir , Vaganova Olga , Zhichkin Kirill , Zhichkina Lyudmila , Anichkina Olga , Volnistova Darya , Ivkina Maria
Published: October 2023

The article analyzes modern problems of accounting for land plots of agricultural enterprises. These problems are associated with a number of objective reasons, the main of which are: inaccuracies in the cadastral registration of the relevant land plots, the uncertainty of ownership of the relevant land plots, a different category of agricultural land, the impact of the process of reforming the domestic accounting system and the introduction of International Financial Reporting System (IFRS). All methodological difficulties that arise in practice in the work of an accountant can be resolved in the course of the formation of an annually issued order on accounting policies. It is in this internal regulatory document that it is possible to provide for all the features of keeping records of land plots in a particular agricultural enterprise, which will improve the analytical quality of accounting, its timeliness and reliability.
The effectiveness of the use of low-nutrient feed in industrial poultry farming
Authors: Krotova Maria , Sangadzhieva Olga , Kuznetsova Maria , Dzhabrueva Larisa , Krotova Olga , Khalgaeva Kermen
Published: October 2023

For the first time in the Lower Volga region, comprehensive studies have been conducted to study the effectiveness of the use of compound feeds with different structures when adding cellobacterin and acidifiers to them in egg poultry farming. Their influence on the digestibility and digestibility of nutrients in diets, physiological and biochemical parameters of young and laying hens, egg productivity and egg quality, economic efficiency of production has been studied. As a result of research, the possibility of replacing animal feed with vegetable feed in compound feeds with the use of cellobacterin and acidifiers has been established, which, despite a slight increase in the consumption of compound feeds, leads to a reduction in the cost of rations per 1 laying hen to 11.48 rubles. Morphobiochemical blood parameters remain within the limits of physiological norms. The results of the studies conducted on laying hens showed that the safety of the livestock was 98%, egg production was 309.1 pieces in the control group and 310.7 pieces per laying hen in the experimental group, hematological indicators of laying hens in the control and experimental groups were almost at the same level. The consumption of compound feed for the period of experience in the control group of laying hens was 4414.41 kg in the amount of 67010.74 rubles, in the experimental group 4791.71 kg and 65886.01 rubles, respectively, that is, the difference in the cost of feed costs in favor of the experimental group was 1124.73 rubles. The production approbation confirmed the economic efficiency of the introduction of compound feeds into the poultry diet, in which animal feed is replaced with vegetable feed with the addition of cellobacterin and acidifiers.
Laboratory studies of the operation of a single-phase solid-state transformer when operating from a wind turbine
Authors: Avdeev Boris , Vyngra Aleksei
Published: October 2023

The article describes a laboratory equipment for studying the operation of a single-phase solid-state transformer when operating from a wind turbine. Oscillograms of currents and oscillograms of voltages are given during the operation of a solid-state transformer from a voltage source. To simulate a wind turbine, the "actuating mechanism - generator" assembly was used. Wind gusts were simulated using a frequency converter. The key elements of the solid-state transformer - a dual active bridge - were controlled by the phase shift method. Critical points were found that could not be foreseen in a theoretical or simulation study. The experiment showed the perspective of using new technologies to maintain a stable output voltage frequency and voltage level.
Ensuring fire safety in the technosphere: Important aspects
Authors: Yakovlev Valeriy
Published: October 2023

This article discusses the factors that lead to fires, how to prevent and avoid them and the different types of primary fire extinguishing equipment used in production. It also describes the algorithm of actions to be followed by personnel and the public in case of fire, according to the fire safety instructions. Despite the fact that the fire safety rules and fire pyramid conditions (source of fire, temperature, combustible substance and oxygen access) are widely known, the number of technogenic fires in Russia is still high. In connection with this, the article examines the fires that have occurred with loss of life and material damage. These cases are analyzed with the aim of developing and modernizing rules of behavior aimed at preventing fires, as well as developing an algorithm of action in extreme situations and forecasting possible fires. The article presents statistical data on fires in the Russian Federation. Measures are also suggested to evaluate the risk taking into account the layout and design of buildings, prevent fires and determine fire hazards. After analyzing the situations, preventive measures and fire safety propaganda are recommended, as well as regular training and education of personnel, workers and rescuers in order to reduce the number of fires and thus minimize material and human losses.
Investigation of the effect of thermal conversion of propane-butane mixture with various metals on the yield of main products
Authors: Safarova Mavjuda , Fayzullaev Normurot
Published: October 2023

In the work, the effect of thermal conversion of the propane-butane mixture on the yield of the main products and the effect of transformation with different metals was studied. In the temperature range of 750-800 ℃, compared to the results with the catalyst created for the decomposition process of the propane-butane mixture at high temperatures, a decrease in the total yield of lower molecular unsaturated hydrocarbons, i.e., ethylene, propylene, and butylene, and an increase in the formation of hydrogen solids were observed. However, the conversion rate increased with increasing temperature, and the catalyst developed for propane-butane cracking at high temperatures was higher in the presence of 5%Ni. The transformation of 5%CoO*5%NiO*2%ZrO2*8%Na2SO4 with chromium in the temperature range of 600-750℃ allows to obtain ethylene 5.85-13.41%, propylene 3.56-7.14% and the total yield of lower molecular unsaturated hydrocarbons, i.e. ethylene, propylene and butylene 15.42-31.77%. At the same time, the conversion rate has increased. In this case, its values were much higher in the relatively low process temperature range compared to the results of untransformed 5%CoO*5%NiO*2%ZrO2*8%Na2SO4. In addition, the highest yield of propylene at 750 ℃ was 17.47%, the highest yield of propylene in the presence of untransformed 5%CoO*5%NiO*2%ZrO2*8%Na2SO4 was 16%, and -15.12% as a result of temperature-induced changes. The purpose of the work is to study the effect of transformation of the catalyst with different metals on the rate of decomposition reaction of propane-butane mixture at high temperatures and yield of main products.
Mathematical modeling and control the process of fuel combustion in gas combustion furnaces
Authors: Yusupbekov N. , Bobomurodov N. , Sevinov J.
Published: October 2023

In this manuscript, the results of mathematical modeling and control of the fuel combustion process in gas-burning furnaces are presented. The physical principles of constructing a primary measuring transducer for the selective measurement of the concentration of harmful substances (CO) and (CnHm) in exhaust gas mixtures are substantiated based on the spectrophotometric method of measurement in the absorption bands of the IR range, which ensures selectivity in determining the target parameters. An original combined optical scheme of a three-component (hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and dioxide) gas analyzer based on the infrared measurement method has been developed. A meaningful statement is made and a solution is given to the problems of automatic control of the efficiency of the fuel combustion process as an extremal problem of maximum speed. The efficiency of the system functioning is characterized by the amount of losses caused by the search for the optimum of the statistical characteristics of the dynamic object under study. A comparative analysis of methods for solving problems of extreme control by "increment" and by "second difference" indicates that the performance and quality of regulation is not inferior to the well-known traditional systems for controlling the efficiency of fuel combustion in gas-burning furnaces.
Effect of filler-ash on the properties of epoxy resin composite
Authors: Zalyatdinov Albert , Sadreeva Rauza , Rechenko Denis , Burlutsky Efim , Gareev Ilshat
Published: October 2023

At present in Russia a huge amount of ash and slag waste from thermal power plants is accumulated in dumps and heaps. For several decades the problem of utilisation of non-combustible residues generated during coal combustion has been studied. These wastes are unfavourable for the environment due to toxic substances and heavy metals in their composition. Ash and slag waste is a type of waste generated during combustion of coal with high ash content in the boiler at thermal power plants. The use of ash as a filler in thermal insulation material not only reduces the cost of scarce and expensive materials, but also increases the strength characteristics of the composite material. This paper deals with the method of ash utilisation, use of ash as a filler component in composite material. The aim of the study is to develop the composition of insulation of pipelines and their tensile strength tests. The task is to test prepared specimens of glass fibre, epoxy resin, hardener and ash under tensile strength on a universal testing machine REM-A.
The benefits of a unified emissions database for global sustainable development
Authors: Kovalenko Tatiana
Published: October 2023

The study of emissions in world science is devoted to various aspects of this phenomenon, various methods are demonstrated in different countries and on different continents The article reveals the experience of creating a unified database on various energy issues, including Greenhouse Emissions (Tons of CO2 Equivalent). The author provides data on emissions and other environmental problems presented by various researchers and justifies the need to create a unified database containing various aspects of environmental and energy issues. As a conclusion the article reveals the advantages of a unified emissions database for global sustainable development. From the study we can see that the data on emissions are scattered, there is no identical formula for calculation, there are no uniform requirements for disclosure of this information by companies, and the complexity of reports makes it difficult for the public to assess the social responsibility of companies. It is necessary to create a unified database of emissions, simple, understandable for users, allowing to compare data for different years, companies and spheres. Thus, the data on greenhouse gas emissions will be commensurate on various grounds and in different territories, which will help achieve the goals of sustainable development in the world.
Creation of nature-like artificial ecosystems for wastewater treatment technology
Authors: Yudina Natalia
Published: October 2023

Biological activity of sludge systems at microscale level is extensively used for effective wastewater treatment. The creation of nature-like artificial ecosystems with a large species diversity is a key point for biocenosis adjusting ability in the municipal wastewater treatment structures. The aim of the study presented is to model at the laboratory scale and to study a stability of active sludge mixed biocenosis physiological state during its aging. The measurements performed using the flow model of aeration tank-mixer with built-in sump.
Functional content of the activities of digital platforms in the field of employment of the population
Authors: Plakhin Andrey , Ogorodnikova Ekaterina , Kokovikhin Alexander , Rostovtsev Konstantin
Published: October 2023

The expansion of the use of digital platforms in the field of employment actualizes the study of models, methods and algorithms for their functioning. The spread of forms of non-traditional employment based on the activities of digital platforms leads to the need to introduce functions that allow to control the issues of social, medical insurance, and labor protection of workers. As a research method, a four-stage algorithm for describing the functions performed during the operation of Russian digital platforms is proposed. The result of a study of more than 69 Russian digital platforms made it possible to characterize the functional content and draw a conclusion about the lack of implementation of functions that allow controlling the issues of social and medical insurance, labor protection of employees.
Algorithms for detecting and eliminating interference attacks in information systems
Authors: Osokin Yu.
Published: October 2023

This article discusses the problems of fast algorithms for detecting and eliminating interference attacks, which is an actual problem of information reliability of control systems. Active algorithms of this type are essential in protecting telemetry systems from presentation attacks. With the progress of information technology, many traditional methods of detecting attacks have lost their relevance. Instead, they require interactive methods that achieve state-of-the-art results. The paper considers variants of fast algorithms that provide the required efficiency of the detection and elimination of interference attacks. Existing fast recognition systems were based on selectable characteristic properties of interference, such as: tracking in certain dynamic ranges gives correct results in some cases, but is useless for combating deliberate jamming attacks. Examples of algorithms based on the use of options for controlling automatic manipulators with program cycles are considered, taking into account the features of a real action. Improving reliability under the influence of spurious interference, when there is an interference of an informational nature through communication channels, through radio channels in certain frequency ranges, as well as from interference and distortion in optoelectronic networks and other influences that violate the safe conditions for the operation of telecommunications equipment. A comparative analysis has been carried out with system variants having similar technological characteristics, in particular, when controlling manipulators operating as part of automatic complexes.
The impact of digitalization on the manufacturing industry
Authors: Kupriyanova Marina , Evdokimova Elena , Soloviova Irina , Simikova Irina
Published: October 2023

The article provides a summary of a study that was conducted to measure the effects of digitalization on the manufacturing sector of the economy. The study utilized statistical data on output and production factors from various regional manufacturers in Russia to create mathematical and computer models. These models were used to evaluate and forecast the benefits of digitalization. Through dynamic simulation modeling, it became possible to not only monitor the current state of digitalization in the industrial sector, but also to test various transformation scenarios and support strategic decisions by regional and federal authorities. The study's findings suggest that digitalization has a positive impact on the manufacturing sector, particularly in terms of productivity and efficiency. The models developed in the study can be used to identify areas where digitalization can be implemented to achieve the greatest benefits. This information can be used to guide policies and investments aimed at promoting digitalization in the manufacturing sector.
HIP effect on microporosity value of large-sized working cast blades sections of IN-92-5A alloy
Authors: Pankratov Dmitry L. , Piksaev Vasily M. , Kashapov Fidail F. , Pankratov Danil D.
Published: October 2023

The formation of a dense cast billet is a basic requirement for products made of heat-resistant alloys. Based on the comparison of research results, the use of hot isostatic pressing (hereinafter – HIP) for castings made of IN-792-5A alloy. Work on selection of technological regimes to reduce the microporosity content in the body of cast billet has been carried out. The object of the research was a cast billet of the working blade of the fourth stage of a high-power gas turbine unit.
Structure freezing in the ice
Authors: Sharapov Dmitry
Published: October 2023

Freezing into ice is a complex phenomenon that presents challenges and risks in both individual and construction contexts. Work provides a concise overview of the key aspects surrounding freezing in ice. It highlights the dangers. For construction, the risks lie in compromised structural integrity, limited stability, and access difficulties. Calculating freezing in ice involves considering temperature, material properties, freezing time, ice formation, and expert consultation. Different types of freezing into ice are identified, and the freezing process is shown to be influenced by the type of ice, such as freshwater ice or sea ice. Dealing with freezing in ice requires strategic approaches, including following established procedures, utilizing proper equipment, seeking professional assistance, and adapting to changing conditions. Engineering construction aspects encompass planning, design, ground preparation, foundation design, construction techniques, material selection and monitoring. Understanding and managing freezing in ice is crucial for ensuring safety and successful construction projects in icy environments.
Artificial ice island
Authors: Sharapov Dmitry , Andreeva Sofia
Published: October 2023

The development of the regions of the Far North is currently the most important task for the extraction of the mineral resources. However, when conducting offshore drilling in the Arctic seas, the selection of appropriate hydraulic structures is crucial. Factors such as severe natural and climatic conditions, remoteness from developed areas, and the presence of permafrost soils necessitate specific considerations. This paper examines the limitations and advantages of different offshore hydraulic structures for exploration and development drilling in the Arctic. It is concluded that artificial island structures, particularly ice islands, offer the most effective solution for year-round prospecting and exploratory drilling in shallow Arctic shelf zones. Ice islands provide increased resistance to ice loads, lower costs, and minimal environmental impact. However, their usage is restricted to the winter period, as they melt or collapse during the summer. Additionally, ice islands cannot be converted into production platforms if a commercial deposit is discovered. Understanding these limitations and advantages is crucial for successful offshore drilling operations in the challenging Arctic environment.
Nitriding of chromium-nickel alloys synthesized by laser melting
Authors: Chudina O.V. , Zorin V.A.
Published: October 2023

The effect of nitriding on the structure and hardness of chromium-nickel alloy obtained by selective laser melting has been studied. It has been shown that after nitriding a weakly developed ε-phase nitride zone with a thickness of about 10 μm and an internal nitriding zone with a thickness of more than 300 μm are formed on the surface of the alloy, which is twice as much as that of nitrided similar alloys obtained by the conventional method. The microhardness of the nitrided layer is 3500 MPa, this is 1.5 times higher than the hardness of the core, so nitriding of powder materials produced by additive technologies can be recommended for surface hardening of parts operating under conditions of wear and cyclic loads.
Indentation size effect and hardness of materials
Authors: Udalov A.V. , Udalov A.A.
Published: October 2023

In recent decades, the Indentation Size Effect (ISE), which manifests itself as a change in fixed hardness depending on indentation conditions, has become one of the most urgent problems of modern materials science. Research efforts are aimed at identifying and eliminating the causes of ISE, because the discrepancy between actual and true hardness values greatly complicates the task of finding the optimal material for the manufacture of parts. The proposed paper gives a brief review of the theories explaining ISE and its relationship with hardness of materials. A more detailed analysis of the effect of ISE on hardness is presented using an energy model based on the determination of the specific work of plastic deformation during indenter indentation. In all cases of ISE manifestation, a proportional relationship was established between the fixed hardness and the specific work of plastic deformation. Thus, the main cause of ISE is the hardening of the material in the centre of deformation under the indenter. The degree of influence of ISE on the fixable hardness as a function of material pre-hardening was determined. At a high level of pre-hardening (at ε>0.25) the influence of the ISE becomes insignificant, so it cannot be of practical importance. The proposed method of hardness determination will allow to assign material for manufacturing of parts to a greater extent corresponding to the operating conditions.