bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Copper‐Catalyzed Interrupted Domino Reaction for the Synthesis of Fused Triazolyl Benzothiadiazine‐1‐oxides
Authors: Hommelsheim Renè , Bausch Sandra , Selvakumar Arjuna , Amer Mostafa M. , Truong  Khai‐Nghi , Rissanen Kari , Bolm Carsten
Published: December 2022

Copper(I)‐catalyzed domino reactions of 2‐azido sulfoximines with 1‐iodoalkynes yield fused triazolyl‐containing benzothiadiazine‐1‐oxides. The protocol features the synthesis of two fused heterocyclic rings in one step with good to excellent yields and a broad functional group tolerance. Detailed mechanistic investigations indicate that a copper π‐complex initiates a cycloaddition and oxidative C−N coupling reaction sequence. The results suggest an interrupted domino process involving an iodinated triazole as a key intermediate.
Band Structure Engineering of Single Pt Atoms on Fe−TiO2 for Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Ma Xujun , Wang Donghui , Wu Jianan , Zhao Bin , Chen Feng
Published: December 2022

Single atomic site catalysts display the maximal atom‐utilization efficiency, unique structural properties, and remarkable enhancements on catalytic activity. Herein, single Pt atoms loaded Fe−TiO2 catalysts were prepared. Fe3+ doping leads to the formation of oxygen vacancies and improve the interaction between TiO2 and Pt. Single Pt atoms are thus anchored and effectively modify the local energy band structure of TiO2. The optimized local band structures improve the intrinsic photoexcitation of Pt/Fe−TiO2, promote the separation of photogenerated carriers, and extend the lifetime of photogenerated carriers. Meanwhile, the electrons transfer from the excited dyes to the conduction band edge of Pt/Fe−TiO2 is also facilitated due to the shift‐down of the conduction band edge. Therefore, with the increase of the Pt content (till up to 0.6 wt%), the photocatalytic performance of Pt/ Fe−TiO2 with the confined single Pt atoms is significantly boosted in either the intrinsic or the sensitized photocatalytic process.
Demographic effects of a megafire on a declining prairie grouse in the mixed‐grass prairie
Authors: Parker Nicholas J. , Sullins Daniel S. , Haukos David A. , Fricke Kent A. , Hagen Christian A. , Ahlers Adam A.
Published: December 2022

Recent studies have documented benefits of small, prescribed fire and wildfire for grassland‐dependent wildlife, such as lesser prairie‐chickens (Tympanuchus pallidicintus), but wildlife demographic response to the scale and intensity of megafire (wildfire >40,000 ha) in modern, fragmented grasslands remains unknown. Limited available grassland habitat makes it imperative to understand if increasing frequency of megafires could further reduce already declining lesser prairie‐chicken populations, or if historical evolutionary interactions with fire make lesser prairie‐chickens resilient. To evaluate lesser prairie‐chicken demographic response to megafires, we compared lek counts, nest density, and survival rates of adults, nests, and chicks before (2014–2016) and after (2018–2020) a 2017 megafire in the mixed‐grass prairie of Kansas, USA (Starbuck fire ~254,000 ha). There was a 67% decline in attending males on leks post‐fire and a 57% decline in occupied leks post‐fire. Despite population declines as indicated by lek counts, adult female breeding season survival () was similar pre‐ ( = 0.65 ± 0.08 [SE]) and post‐fire (0.61 ± 0.08), as was chick survival (pre‐fire: 0.23 ± 0.07; post‐fire: 0.27 ± 0.11). Nest survival appeared lower post‐fire (pre‐fire: 0.38 ± 0.06; post‐fire: 0.20 ± 0.06), but did not differ at the 95% confidence interval. Nest density of marked females declined 73% in areas burned by megafire. Although lesser prairie‐chickens persisted in the study area and we documented minimal effects on most demographic rates, reduced lesser prairie‐chicken abundance and reproductive output suggests full recovery may take >3 years. Increased propensity for megafire resulting from suppression of smaller fires, compounded by climate change and woody encroachment, may impose a short‐term (3–5 year) threat to already declining lesser prairie‐chicken populations.
Temple cooling increases parasympathetic activity and decreases pressure pain on the hand
Authors: Ye Di , Vo Lechi , Fairchild Timothy J. , Drummond Peter D.
Published: December 2022

Background

Applying an ice cube to the temple (the conditioning stimulus) inhibits electrically evoked pain in the forearm. The present study aimed to determine whether temple cooling also inhibits pressure‐ and heat‐pain test stimuli in the upper limb and, if so, to investigate the intra‐session test–retest reliability of this response. Additional aims were to establish whether pain inhibition evoked by temple cooling was associated with parasympathetic activity; and to explore sex differences in response.

Methods

The sample consisted of 40 healthy adults (24 females). Heart rate was recorded continuously throughout the session. An ice cube (3 × 4 cm contact area) was applied for 1 min to the temple on the dominant side. Before and immediately afterwards, the pressure pain threshold was measured from the dorsal hand and sensitivity to heat (individually adjusted at baseline to elicit moderate pain) was measured from the ventral forearm. The procedures were repeated 15 min later.

Results

Temple cooling inhibited pressure pain on the hand but not heat pain on the forearm. However, test–retest reliability of pressure pain inhibition was poor. Heart rate decreased during temple cooling, consistent with a “diving” reflex. Males had stronger pressure pain inhibition, lower heart rate and higher overall autonomic activity than females. However, cardiac parasympathetic activation during temple cooling was comparable in both sexes and was unrelated to pain inhibition.

Conclusions

These findings indicate that temple cooling evokes pain inhibition that is stronger in males than in females. Cardiac parasympathetic activity does not appear to mediate this response.

Significance

The conditioning stimulus in the conditioned pain modulation paradigm is often applied to the upper or lower limbs. This may confound pain‐inhibitory effects in people with peripheral neuropathy who typically have enhanced or diminished sensation in the extremities. Applying an ice cube at the temple area induces pain‐inhibitory effects on the upper limb after the ice is removed. Future research examining pain modulation in people with peripheral neuropathy may consider adopting temple cooling as the conditioning stimulus.
Determination of aflatoxin B1 by biomass derived porous carbon modified electrode with molecularly imprinted polymer
Authors: Chen Longyi , Mamat Xamxikamar , Aisa Haji Akber
Published: December 2022

Aflatoxin determination is imperative among agricultural and food products as the pollution of the toxic aflatoxin could cause severe hazards towards animals and human beings. Here, we prepared Elaeagnus gum derived porous carbon material as electrode modified material. In situ electropolymerization of molecularly imprinted polymer utilizing phenol as monomer and aflatoxin B1 as target template was further processed onto the porous carbon surface to achieve aflatoxin B1 sensing ability. This sensitive MIP sensor has a detection range from 5 pM to 100 pM of aflatoxin B1, an electrochemical sensitivity of 82.4 μA log(pM)−1 cm−2 with a detection limit of 1.7 pM, and a recovery rate of real sample measurement is 98.21 %. Good selectivity, fair repeatability and stability was confirmed. This work demonstrates the promising application of Elaeagnus gum derived porous carbon modified electrode sensor for food and drug monitoring.
Geochronology and geochemistry of the Manxin ophiolitic mélange in the Changning‐Menglian Suture Zone, southwest China: Implications for the tectonic evolution of the Proto‐Tethys Ocean
Authors: Yan Guochuan , Wang Baodi , Liu Han , Wu Zhe
Published: December 2022

To date, the evolutionary history of the Proto‐Tethys Ocean that separated the Gondwana and Laurasia continents remains ambiguous. The Changning‐Menglian Suture Zone assumingly represents the Proto‐ and Palaeo‐Tethys suture in the Sanjiang area (the Yunnan Province, southwestern China). The Palaeozoic Proto‐Tethys Ocean in the Manxin area in the southmost Changning‐Menglian Suture Zone is widely recognized, but the timing and formation mechanism of the Manxin ophiolitic mélange are poorly understood. In this study, we present petrographical, geochronological and geochemical data of the Manxin ophiolitic mélange situated in the Changning‐Menglian Suture Zone. We found that this ophiolitic mélange is composed of pillow basalt, metamorphic gabbro, diabase dike, and altered peridotite. The mafic rocks could be divided into two groups based on geochemical characteristics: (1) Mid‐ocean ridge basalt (MORB) [formed at 446.0 ± 3.2 Ma and exhibiting depleted light rare earth element (LREE) patterns and high ƐNd(t) (+5.7 to +8.4)] Trace element and isotope analyses indicated that the MORB was derived from a spinel‐facies depleted mantle. (2) Ocean island basalt (OIB) [crystallized at 460.2 ± 6.0 Ma]. ƐNd(t) (+5.7) and significant enrichments in large‐ion lithophile element (LILE) and light rare earth element (LREE) were identified, while the trace element and isotope systematics suggested that the OIB rocks originated from partial melting of the garnet‐spinel lherzolite mantle. Overall, we clearly constrained the timing and nature of the Manxin ophiolitic mélange using the proposed data, thus further supporting the notion that the Manxin ophiolites represent remnants of the Proto‐Tethys Ocean.
Respiratory support of adults in the emergency department: A protocol for a prospective, observational, multicenter point prevalence study
Authors: O'Donnell Jane , Pirret Alison , Hoare Karen , McDonald Elissa
Published: December 2022

Background and Aims

Providing respiratory support (RS) to patients may improve their oxygenation and ventilation, reducing the work of breathing. Emergency department (ED) patients often need RS; COVID‐19 has heightened this need. Patients receiving RS may need escalation of their treatment; hence, studies considering the prevalence of escalation are warranted.

Method

This is a protocol for a prospective, observational, multicenter point prevalence study (PPS). Researchers will collect data over 2 days. All participants are adult ED patients needing RS. The setting is four EDs in New Zealand. The primary research question asks, “Which patients receiving RS require escalation of therapy in the ED?” For example, transitioning from conventional oxygen therapy (COT) to intubation is deemed an escalation of therapy. A sample size of 80 participants is required to resolve the primary research question. Secondary research questions: (1) Which patients receive nasal high flow (NHF) in the ED? (2) How is NHF therapy delivered in the ED? (3) What are the effects of NHF therapy on physiological and patient‐centered outcomes? Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) will be used for data organization. Data will be imported for analysis from REDCap to IBM SPSS software (Statistics for Windows, Version 27.0). Data reporting on the primary outcome shall be considered by analysis of variance, regression modeling, and determination of two treatment effects: Odds Ratio and Number Needed to Treat. Statistical significance for inferential statistics shall use a two‐sided α with p‐values fixed at ≤0.05 level of significance and 95% confidence intervals. This protocol has ethical approval from Massey University, New Zealand.

Conclusion

This novel PPS may reduce the evidence and clinical practice gap on RS delivery and ED patient outcomes, as evidenced by the emergence of COVID‐19.
Small‐cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the vagina: A case report
Authors: Kalampokas Emmanouil , Giannis Georgios , Alexandrou Paraskevi , Kritikos Evangelos , Triantafyllidou Olga , Kalampokas Theodoros , Vlahos Nikolaos , Marinis Spyridon
Published: December 2022

Synopsis

Management of a small‐cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the vagina presented in a woman on a distant Greek island.
Risk preferences and management strategies of farmers in Ghana: Does the type of crop grown matter?
Authors: Asravor Richard Kofi , Sarpong Daniel Bruce
Published: December 2022

This paper examined the risk preferences and management strategies of cereal and legume farmers of Ghana's savannah zones using both the exploratory factor analysis and the linear regression model. Using primary cross‐sectional data and employing the multistage sampling technique made up of purposive, cluster and random sampling techniques, the paper found that cereal farmers are more risk averse than legume farmers. Rainfall variability was ranked topmost by cereals and legumes farmers. Both cereal and legume farmers employ multiple but dissimilar risk management strategies to manage these sources of risk. The commonest sources of risk to cereal and legume farmers were climate and market risk, while off‐farm activities are the commonest management strategy. Production risk faced by cereal farmers was managed by both off‐farm and farm production strategies whereas human risk faced by legumes farmers was managed by both off‐farm and financial management strategies. The importance of market risk implies that policy initiatives should aim at reducing market‐related risks by focusing on increasing off‐farm opportunities for rural households.
中心静脈カテーテルによる鎖骨下動脈損傷に対する血管内治療手技を活用した2治療例(Central venous catheter–induced subclavian artery injury treatment with endovascular techniques: case report)
Authors: 裕樹 松永 , 正道 高橋 , 祐介 志水 , 潤 山川 , 淑寛 大倉 , 学 三上 , 祐一 濱邊
Published: December 2022

医原性鎖骨下動脈損傷は比較的稀である。外科的修復は，時に胸骨正中切開や鎖骨離断が必要で，大きな侵襲となりえる。中心静脈カテーテル（central venous catheter: CVC）による医原性鎖骨下動脈損傷に対して，血管内治療手技を用いて治療した2例を経験したので報告する。症例1：20歳代の男性。右内頸静脈へのCVC留置時に生じた右鎖骨下動脈と右内胸動脈損傷に対し血管内治療を実施した。右鎖骨下動脈にVIABAHN®を留置し，右内胸動脈を側副路から塞栓した。症例2：70歳代の男性。右内頸静脈へのCVC留置時に右鎖骨下動脈に迷入したカテーテルを抜去する方針とした。血管造影で両側椎骨動脈間の吻合がなく，右椎骨動脈を閉鎖するVIABAHN®留置は，脳幹梗塞のリスクから不適と判断した。血管閉塞バルーンでの右鎖骨下動脈の血流制御を併用し，外科的にCVCを抜去した。VIABAHN®を利用することにより，医原性鎖骨下動脈損傷の低侵襲治療が可能となった。しかしながら，損傷部と椎骨動脈との距離が短く，閉塞せざるをえない場合，椎骨動脈の左右交通が乏しい例は不適なことがあり注意を要する。外科治療の際も，血管内治療手技を併用することで，安全で低侵襲な治療が可能である。
Benzylic deuteration of alkylnitroaromatics via amine‐base catalysed exchange with deuterium oxide
Authors: Maddocks Stephen , Samuri Nurul F. , Ridge Katerina , Cunningham Ian D. , Lockley William J. S.
Published: December 2022

This paper describes the deuterium‐labelling of alkylnitroaromatics by base‐catalysed exchange with deuterium oxide. As the alkyl protons alpha to the aromatic ring are the most acidic sites in the molecule, regioselective hydrogen isotope exchange at this benzylic location leads to a regiospecifically deuterated product. The exchange labelling takes place in good yields and with high atom% abundance in the presence of an appropriate nitrogen base. Alkylated 2,4‐dinitrobenzenes deuterate at room temperature under catalysis by triethylamine, whilst alkylated 2‐nitro‐ or 4‐nitrobenzenes and related mono‐nitroaromatics require higher temperatures and catalysis by 1,5‐diazobicyclo[4.3.0]non‐5‐ene (DBN). The labelling reactions require an inert gas atmosphere, but otherwise are simple and high yielding with no obvious byproducts. Those compounds in which the benzylic protons are in an ortho‐orientation with respect to the nitro group label somewhat more slowly than the analogues where there is a para relationship. In addition, higher alkyl homologues undergo benzylic deuteration at slower rates than methyl.
A common mechanism links Epstein‐Barr virus infections and autoimmune diseases
Authors: Zhang Luwen
Published: December 2022

Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) infection is associated with a variety of the autoimmune diseases. There is apparently no unified model for the role of EBV in autoimmune diseases. In this article, the development of autoimmune diseases is proposed as a simple two‐step process: specific autoimmune initiators may cause irreversible changes to genetic materials that increase autoimmune risks, and autoimmune promoters promote autoimmune disease formation once cells are susceptible to autoimmunity. EBV has several types of latencies including type III latency with higher proliferation potential. EBV could serve as autoimmune initiators for some autoimmune diseases. At the same time, EBV may play a promotional role in majority of the autoimmune diseases by repeated replenishment of EBV type III latency cells and inflammatory cytokine productions in persistent stage. The type III latency cells have enhanced capacity as antigen‐presenting cells that would facilitate the development of both B and T cell‐mediated autoimmunity. The repeated cytokine productions are achieved by the repeated infection of naive B‐lymphocytes and proliferation of type III latency cells that produce inflammatory cytokines. Presentation of viral or self‐antigens by EBV type III latency B lymphocytes may promote autoreactive B cell and T cell proliferation, which can be amplified by type III latency cells‐mediated cytokines productions. Different autoimmune diseases may require different kinds of pathogenic immune cells and/or specific cytokines. Frequency of the replenishment of EBV type III latency cells may determine the specific effect of the promoter functions. A specific initiator plus EBV‐mediated common promoter function may lead to development of a specific autoimmune disease and link EBV‐infection to a variety of autoimmunity.
Phylogenomic analysis of Citrobacter sp. strain AAK_AS5 and its metabolic capabilities to support nitrogen removal behavior
Authors: Gupta Rakesh K. , Singh Ashish K. , Bajaj Abhay , Khardenavis Anshuman A. , Purohit Hemant J.
Published: December 2022

Despite the ubiquity of the genus Citrobacter in clinical, industrial, and environmental scenarios, a large number of Citrobacter strains have not been explored at the genome‐scale level. In this study, accurate taxonomic assignment of strain AAK_AS5 isolated from activated sludge was achieved by in‐silico genomic comparison using Overall Genome‐based Relatedness Indices (ANI(OAT): 97.55%, ANIb:97.28%, and ANIm: 97.83%) that indicated its closest identity to the related strain Citrobacter portucalensis A60T. Results were consistent with a digital DNA–DNA hybridization value of 80% with C. portucalensis A60T which was greater than the species boundary value >70% for delineating closely related bacterial species. Gene mining through Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and annotation using rapid annotation subsystem technology (RAST) revealed the notable gene contents for nitrogen metabolism and other pathways associated with nitrate/nitrite ammonification (28 genes), ammonia assimilation (22 genes), and denitrification pathways (14 genes). Furthermore, the strain AAK_AS5 also exhibited a high soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD), NH4+‐N, and NO3‐‐N removal efficiency of 91.4%, 90%, and 93.6%, respectively thus validating its genetic capability for utilizing both (NH4)2SO4 and KNO3 as the nitrogen source. The study provided deeper insights into the phylogenomics and the genetic potential of Citrobacter, sp. strain AAK AS5 associated with nitrogen metabolism thus signifying the potential application of the isolate for treating nitrogen‐rich wastewaters.
An alternative σ factor σLsl regulates lincomycin production in Streptomyces lincolnensis
Authors: Tu Bingbing , Mao Yue , Wang Ruida , Kang Yajing , Ye Jiang , Zhang Huizhan , Wu Haizhen
Published: December 2022

Lincomycin produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis is a critical antibacterial antibiotic in the clinical. To further understand the regulatory mechanism of lincomycin biosynthesis, we identified an alternative σ factor, σLsl, in Streptomyces lincolnensis NRRL 2936. Deletion of sigLsl resulted in an increase in cell growth but a decrease in lincomycin production. σLsl boosted lincomycin biosynthesis by directly stimulating the transcription of four genes (lmbD, lmbV, lmrC, and lmbU) within the lincomycin biosynthetic lmb gene cluster. Besides, σLsl participated in lincomycin biosynthesis by directly stimulating the transcription of mshC, a gene responsible for MSH synthesis. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that σLsl plays a direct regulatory role in lincomycin biosynthesis. This study extends the understanding of molecular mechanisms of lincomycin biosynthetic regulation.
Unmeasured factors are associated with the use of completion lymph node dissection (CLND) in melanoma
Authors: Leonard Laura D. , Beaty Laurel , Thomas Madeline , Quinn Christopher , Colborn Kathryn L. , de Araujo Thiago B. , Torphy Robert J. , Assumpção Lia R. , Olino Kelly , Studts Christina R. , Rodriguez Franco Salvador , McCarter Martin , Stewart Camille , Gleisner Ana L.
Published: December 2022

Background

Completion lymph node dissection (CLND) was the standard treatment for patients with melanoma with positive sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) until 2017 when data from the DeCOG‐SLT and MLST‐2 randomized trials challenged the survival benefit of this procedure. We assessed the contribution of patient, tumor and facility factors on the use of CLND in patients with surgically resected Stage III melanoma.

Methods

Using the National Cancer Database, patients who underwent surgical excision and were found to have a positive SLN from 2012 to 2017 were included. A multivariable mixed‐effects logistic regression model with a random intercept for the facility was used to determine the effect of patient, tumor, and facility variables on the risk of CLND. Reference effect measures (REMs) were used to compare the contribution of contextual effects (unknown facility variables) versus measured variables on the variation in CLND use.

Results

From 2012 to 2017, the overall use of CLND decreased from 59.9% to 26.5% (p < 0.0001). Overall, older patients and patients with government‐based insurance were less likely to undergo CLND. Tumor factors associated with a decreased rate of CLND included primary tumor location on the lower limb, decreasing depth, and mitotic rate <1. However, the contribution of contextual effects to the variation in CLND use exceeded that of the measured facility, tumor, time, and patient variables.

Conclusions

There was a decrease in CLND use during the study period. However, there is still high variability in CLND use, mainly driven by unmeasured contextual effects.
Killian Jamieson Diverticulum, the Great Mimicker: A Case Series and Contemporary Review
Authors: Howell Rebecca , Tang Alice , Allen Jacqui , Altaye Mekibib , Amin Milan , Bayan Semirra , Belafsky Peter , Cervenka Brian , deSilva Brad , Dion Greg , Ekbom Dale , Friedman Aaron , Fritz Mark , Giliberto John Paul , Guardiani Elizabeth , Harmon Jeffrey , Kasperbauer Jan L. , Khosla Sid , Kim Brandon , Kuhn Maggie , Kwak Paul , Ma Yue , Madden Lyndsay , Matrka Laura , Mayerhoff Ross , Piraka Cyrus , Rosen Clark , Tabangin Meredith E. , Wahab Shaun A. , Wilson Keith , Wright S. Carter , Young Vyvy , Yuen Sonia , Postma Gregory N.
Published: December 2022

Objective

To assess barium esophagram (BAS) as a diagnostic marker for patients with Killian Jamieson diverticula (KJD).

Methods

Prospective, multicenter cohort study of individuals enrolled in the Prospective OUtcomes of Cricopharyngeus Hypertonicity (POUCH) Collaborative. Patient demographics, comorbidities, radiographic imaging reports, laryngoscopy findings, patient‐reported outcome measures (PROM), and operative reporting were abstracted from a REDCap database and summarized using means, medians, percentages, frequencies. Paired t‐tests and Wilcoxon Signed Rank test were used to test pre‐ to post‐operative differences in RSI, EAT‐10, and VHI‐10 scores. Diagnostic test evaluation including sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive value with 95% confidence intervals were calculated comparing BAS findings to operative report.

Results

A total of 287 persons were enrolled; 13 (4%) patients were identified with confirmed KJD on operative reports. 100% underwent open transcervical excision. BAS has a 46.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 23.2, 70.9) sensitivity and 97.8% (95% CI: 95.3, 99.0) specificity in detecting a KJD and 50% (95% CI: 25.4, 74.6) positive predictive value but 97.4% (95%CI: 94.8, 98.7) negative predictive value. Preoperatively, patients reported mean (SD) RSI and EAT‐10 of 19.4 (9) and 8.3 (7.5) accordingly. Postoperatively, patients reported mean (SD) RSI and EAT‐10 as 5.4 (6.2) and 2.3 (3.3). Both changes in RSI and EAT‐10 were statistically significant (p = 0.008, p = 0.03).

Conclusion

KJD are rare and represent <5% of hypopharyngeal diverticula undergoing surgical intervention. Open transcervical surgery significantly improves symptoms of dysphagia. BAS has high specificity but low sensitivity in detecting KJD.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 133:2110–2115, 2023
Is land degradation worsening in Northern China? Quantitative evidence and enlightenment from satellites
Authors: Guo Zecheng , Xie Yaowen , Guo Hui , Zhang Xueyuan , Zhang Xihuang , Xi Guilin , Ma Changhui , Duan Hanming
Published: December 2022

Land degradation has become an urgent environmental issue globally. The complexity of land degradation hinders its quantification and monitoring, which is needed to realize the sustainable development of land resources. This study constructed a comprehensive index—land degradation status index (LDSI), which integrates in fractional vegetation cover (FVC), net primary productivity (NPP), albedo, and modified temperature vegetation drought index (MTVDI) based on spatial principal component analysis (SPCA). Land degradation was then identified by the dynamics of land degradation status during 2001–2018. This study investigated the spatio‐temporal process and driving mechanism of land degradation in Northern China. The result indicates that: (1) LDSI had a better monitoring performance compared with normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), (2) although some degraded land had been effectively rehabilitated (17.11%), a highly clustered spatial distribution of land degradation status remained, challenging to break, (3) localized land degradation had expanded (1.063%), mainly in semiarid (0.481%), dry sub‐humid (0.289%), and humid (0.187%) regions, and (4) differences in climate, environmental backgrounds, and human activities were driven land degradation status and process. This study also assessed the effectiveness of ecological projects implemented by the Chinese government. The in‐depth understanding of the change regularity and influencing mechanism in land degradation status and process can provide a scientific basis for formulating ecological policies based on local conditions.
Transoral thyroidectomy implemented by a novice surgeon: Efforts for safe implementation
Authors: Lee Dong Won , Kim Jeong Kyu , Shin Seung Heon , Tae Kyung
Published: December 2022

Background

This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and early surgical outcomes of transoral robotic and endoscopic thyroidectomy conducted by a novice surgeon.

Methods

We analyzed 27 patients who underwent transoral thyroidectomy between December 2018 and November 2021. All the surgeries were performed by a novice surgeon without prior endoscopic or robotic surgery experience; the surgeon had experienced 12 cases of transcervical thyroidectomy before adopting transoral thyroidectomy.

Results

Of the 27 cases, 1 was converted to the transcervical approach due to poor bleeding control. Four cases had transient recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, and three had transient hypoparathyroidism. Most of the patients were very satisfied with the postoperative cosmetic outcome.

Conclusions

Transoral robotic and endoscopic thyroidectomies are feasible for the novice surgeon, with reasonable results in the early adoption stage if preparations are according to the suggested framework.

Level of Evidence

Level 4.
Metabolic profiling of colorectal cancer organoids: A comparison between high‐resolution magic angle spinning magnetic resonance spectroscopy and solution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of polar extracts
Authors: van der Kemp Wybe J. M. , Grinde Maria T. , Malvik Jon O. , van Laarhoven Hanneke W. M. , Prompers Jeanine J. , Klomp Dennis W. J. , Burgering Boudewijn , Bathen Tone Frost , Moestue Siver Andreas
Published: December 2022

Patient‐derived cancer cells cultured in vitro are a cornerstone of cancer metabolism research. More recently, the introduction of organoids has provided the research community with a more versatile model system. Physiological structure and organization of the cell source tissue are maintained in organoids, representing a closer link to in vivo tumor models. High‐resolution magic angle spinning magnetic resonance spectroscopy (HR MAS MRS) is a commonly applied analytical approach for metabolic profiling of intact tissue, but its use has not been reported for organoids. The aim of the current work was to compare the performance of HR MAS MRS and extraction‐based nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in metabolic profiling of wild‐type and tumor progression organoids (TPOs) from human colon cancer, and further to investigate how the sequentially increased genetic alterations of the TPOs affect the metabolic profile. Sixteen metabolites were reliably identified and quantified both in spectra based on NMR of extracts and HR MAS MRS of intact organoids. The metabolite concentrations from the two approaches were highly correlated (r = 0.94), and both approaches were able to capture the systematic changes in metabolic features introduced by the genetic alterations characteristic of colorectal cancer progression (e.g., increased levels of lactate and decreased levels of myo‐inositol and phosphocholine with an increasing number of mutations). The current work highlights that HR MAS MRS is a well‐suited method for metabolic profiling of intact organoids, with the additional benefit that the nondestructive nature of HR MAS enables subsequent recovery of the organoids for further analyses based on nucleic acids or proteins.
Prevalence of alcohol consumption among high school students: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Šarić Posavec Jelena , Rotar Pavlič Danica , Kralik Kristina
Published: December 2022

Aim

This study addresses the risk and protective factors for alcohol consumption among medical‐technology high school students. The specific objectives of the study were to analyse standard influences on excessive alcohol consumption (influence of parents and upbringing) and possible modern influences, represented by social networks and internet use.

Design

A cross‐sectional analysis.

Methods

The sample included the entire cohort of third‐year students attending high school in Varaždin (n = 1,352). Data were collected using an anonymous questionnaire. The bivariate analysis used an independent t test and a Chi‐squared test. The multivariate analysis used logistic regression. The study was conducted from September 2018 to February 2019.

Results

Alcohol consumption was most prevalent among vocational students, followed by college‐preparatory students and medical‐technology students. Style of parenting and maternal authority have a positive influence on less alcohol use among students. The results showed that smartphone ownership and internet use do not correlate with alcohol use among high school students.
A critical review: Effects of exercise and psychosocial interventions on the body image of breast cancer survivors
Authors: Chan Nga Ching , Chow Ka Ming
Published: December 2022

Aim

The aim of the study was to identify, summarize and critically appraise studies that have investigated the effects of exercise and psychosocial interventions on body image of breast cancer survivors.

Design

A critical review.

Methods

A comprehensive search was conducted to identify relevant articles published in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL and British Nursing Index between 2011 and 2021. Included studies' methodological quality was assessed using the critical appraisal checklists of the Center for Evidence‐Based Management.

Results

A total of eight studies were included. Breast cancer survivors who received exercise or psychosocial interventions had an improved body image compared with baseline, which enhanced their quality of life. Compared with psychosocial interventions, exercise demonstrated more positive effects as they enhanced both mental and physical well‐being. Breast cancer survivors expressed that they preferred to have a knowledgeable mentor to guide and empower them throughout the exercise intervention. Psychosocial interventions showed varying effectiveness, with self‐compassion‐focused writing activity being most effective.
Number of lymph nodes sampled in SFCE/SIOP 2001 patients with Wilms tumour: Is the goal of more than six achievable?
Authors: Irtan Sabine , Coulomb‐Lhermine Aurore , Lanz Camille , Tabone Marie‐Dominique , Pasqualini Claudia , Dumont Benoit , Thebaud Estelle , Guellec Isabelle , Verschuur Arnauld
Published: December 2022

Aim

The number of lymph nodes (LN) that should be sampled during nephrectomy for Wilms tumour (WT) remains controversial but of utmost importance for staging purposes. The aim of this French national retrospective study of patients enrolled in SIOPWT2001 trial was to analyse the number of LN sampled according to their site and to determine if the number of six asked by the International Society of Paediatric Oncology ‐ Renal Tumour Study Group (SIOP‐RTSG) UMBRELLA protocol is achievable.

Methods

We reviewed the data collected on central pathology review forms from 2002 to 2014 for only unilateral WT. LN were divided whether they were clearly identified by surgeons at nephrectomy or only found by pathologists on the nephrectomy specimen.

Results

A total of 539 patients (240 male/299 female) were included (458 localized/81 metastatic). Median age at surgery was 41.3 months [0–189]. The number of LN sampled was 0, 1–6, ≥7 and unknown in 69 (12.8%), 293 (54.3%), 160 (29.7%) and 17 (3.2%) cases, respectively. The number of patients with sampled LN were higher if LN were identified by both the pathologist and the surgeon (n = 231, 42.8%) (p = < .001). At least one invaded LN (LN+) was found in 66 patients (12.2%), more than half being found among patients having LN sampled by both pathologist and surgeon (p < .001). The mean number of identified LN was six if no LN+ was detected on final histological analysis, while it was 11 in case of LN+ (p < .001).

Conclusions

The aim of sampling more than six LN is achievable, but only with the active collaboration of both surgeons and pathologists.
Study on properties influence of carbon fiber reinforced polyimide composites via surface modification using metal mesh
Authors: Liu Hansong , Sun Jinsong , Duan Ziqi , Liu Zhaobo , Ma Xiaoyi , Lu Wenkuo , Sun Tianpei , Li Zhaoyi , Zhang Peng , Zhong Xiangyu , Bao Jianwen
Published: December 2022

In this work, carbon fiber reinforced polyimide (CF/PI) composites via surface modification using metal mesh were obtained. The interfacial adhesion performance of metal mesh and composites, mechanical properties and electrical properties of composites were characterized. The results revealed that introducing metal mesh on CF/PI composites surface obviously decreased the resistivity of composites, which was of great significance for lightning protection. For the mechanical properties, the short‐beam shear strength and flexural properties of modified composites slightly declined, and the failure mode of samples did not change significantly. From microscopic failure morphology and finite element analysis, it can be illustrated that the crack generated from edge may lead to the mechanical properties changes of metal mesh modified sample. Based on practical application condition, the performance change rule of modified composite system after thermal treatment was also reported. This study enables a surface modification thought as a promising way for the application of high temperature resistant CF/PI composite system.
Prevention of end‐stage renal disease with percutaneous endoscopic gastrojejunostomy tubes in a patient with recurrent episodes of binge eating and purging
Authors: Takahashi Kazuhito , Shimizu Takaaki , Sasayama Daimei , Washizuka Shinsuke
Published: December 2022

Background

Bulimia nervosa (BN) and the binge‐eating/purging subtype of anorexia nervosa (b/p AN) are characterized by binge eating and unsafe compensatory behaviors, such as laxatives or diuretic abuse, self‐induced vomiting, and excessive exercise. BN often causes miscellaneous physical complications that can lead to death. However, there have been very few prior reports on the physical complications of chronic BN.

Case Presentation

We report a case of chronic BN of over 10 years. Her compensatory behaviors caused dehydration more easily than before. Repeated dehydration may result in end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). Therefore, we had to prevent dehydration by placing a percutaneous endoscopic gastrojejunostomy (PEG‐J) tube. After PEG‐J placement, dehydration did not reoccur, thereby protecting her renal involvement from progressing to ESRD.

Conclusion

Chronic BN exposure may cause repeated dehydration with time. Therefore, the PEG‐J tube would be effective in preventing dehydration, which leads to ESRD.
Fused in sarcoma undergoes cold denaturation: Implications for phase separation
Authors: Félix Sara S. , Laurents Douglas V. , Oroz Javier , Cabrita Eurico J.
Published: December 2022

The mediation of liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) for fused in sarcoma (FUS) protein is generally attributed to the low‐complexity, disordered domains and is enhanced at low temperature. The role of FUS folded domains on the LLPS process remains relatively unknown since most studies are mainly based on fragmented FUS domains. Here, we investigate the effect of metabolites on full‐length (FL) FUS LLPS using turbidity assays and differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy, and explore the behavior of the folded domains by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. FL FUS LLPS is maximal at low concentrations of glucose and glutamate, moderate concentrations of NaCl, Zn2+, and Ca2+ and at the isoelectric pH. The FUS RNA recognition motif (RRM) and zinc‐finger (ZnF) domains are found to undergo cold denaturation above 0°C at a temperature that is determined by the conformational stability of the ZnF domain. Cold unfolding exposes buried nonpolar residues that can participate in LLPS‐promoting hydrophobic interactions. Therefore, these findings constitute the first evidence that FUS globular domains may have an active role in LLPS under cold stress conditions and in the assembly of stress granules, providing further insight into the environmental regulation of LLPS.
Atomic and Electronic Structures of the Interfaces between Perovskite La0.75Sr0.25MnO3 and Brownmillerite SrCoO2.5
Authors: Wu Zhongwei , Xing Wandong , Zhu Yuanmin , Yu Rong
Published: December 2022

Epitaxial thin films composed of perovskite and brownmillerite oxides have received increasing attention because of the novel phenomena found in these systems. Herein, the atomic and electronic structures of the La0.75Sr0.25MnO3/SrCoO2.5 interface have been studied using first‐principles calculations. From the perspective of polarity compensation, three types of possible interface models are constructed, which have different interface terminations or orientation relationship. In the model where the [100] direction of SrCoO2.5 is parallel to the interface, the interface is polar. The way to compensate polarity is atomic reconstruction. For the model with the [100] direction of SrCoO2.5 perpendicular to the interface, there are two possible interface terminations. One is nonpolar. The other is polar, but its polarity can be compensated by electronic redistribution, i.e., the valence change of Mn from +3 to +4 at the interface, as consistently revealed by the change of the bond valence sums and magnetic moments of Mn ions. For this model with electronic redistribution, accompanied by the valence change, the MnO6 octahedra near the interface have the largest distortion compared with the other two models. The density of states around Fermi level and the magnetic coupling across the interface are also discussed.
Hybrid PSO‐GWO algorithm for reliability redundancy allocation problem with Cold Standby Strategy
Authors: Bhandari Ashok Singh , Kumar Akshay , Ram Mangey
Published: December 2022

Reliability allocation for components, redundancy allocation, and reliability redundancy allocation are of great significance for system reliability designing. Generally, standby redundancy gives higher reliability for any system than active redundancy, but standby redundancy has more complex modeling than active redundancy. Cold standby strategy is one of the most consistently applied procedures to accomplish high‐reliability necessity, where backups are performed to guarantee that a backup part can take control over the undertaking successfully when the currently working fizzles. Considering the fact that components may fail during the switching process from standby to active, the impact of an imperfect switch is also applied in the system. In this work, a new hybrid GWO‐PSO(HPSGWO) algorithm, based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), is presented to solve the cold‐standby reliability redundancy allocation problem (RRAP). The RRAP is a popular mixed integer nonlinear programming issue in a system plan that necessitates that the reliability target is set to fulfill the resource utilization requirement. Four contextual analyses are examined to feature the applicability of the proposed algorithm. The outcomes are compared with those obtained from PSO and GWO.
Benchmarking quantum chemistry compound methods for the temperature‐dependent thermochemical data of SixHy and SixFy series
Authors: Guo Junjiang , Tang Shiyun , Chen Lijun , Wei Deju , Tang Anjiang
Published: December 2022

Accurate thermochemical data of SixHy and SixFy series is a prerequisite for high‐end materials design. In this study, the standard enthalpies of formation () of SixHy and SixFy were calculated from atomization and isodesmic reactions using the composite methods CBS‐QB3, G3, G4, W1U, W1BD, and W2‐F12. Second, their temperature‐dependent thermochemical parameters (∆𝑓𝑆θ and Cp) are derived from the optimized geometries and frequency calculation at B3LYP/cc‐pV(T + d)Z level. In addition, this paper uses nonexpert‐user methods (CBS‐QB3, G3, G4, W1U and W1BD) to compare the calculated with recommended values of Active Thermochemical Table, Burcat database, and W2‐F12 calculation results. The accuracy of these nonexpert‐user methods are interpreted in terms of descriptive statistics. The results show that: (1) the accuracy rank of individual compound methods is as follows: CBS‐QB3 > W1BD > W1U > G4 > G3; (2) for Si/H/F compounds, three combination methods, CBS‐QB3/G4/W1U or CBS‐QB3/G4/W1BD, and two combination methods, G4/W1U or G4/W1BD, were quite powerful, and the weighted results could reproduce the recommended values within “near‐chemical‐accuracy,” (3) the popular W1BD and W1U methods give highly erroneous results, indicating that one should not apply these methods in isolation unless other error‐cancellation strategies are collocated indicated.
Flexible multiterminal photoelectronic neurotransistors based on self‐assembled rubber semiconductors for spatiotemporal information processing
Authors: Xu Yunchao , Zhang Gengming , Liu Wanrong , Jin Chenxing , Nie Yiling , Sun Jia , Yang Junliang
Published: December 2022

A significant step toward constructing high‐efficiency neuromorphic systems is the electronic emulation of advanced synaptic functions of the human brain. While previous studies have focused on mimicking the basic functions of synapses using single‐gate transistors, multigate transistors offer an opportunity to simulate more complex and advanced memory‐forming behaviors in biological synapses. In this study, a simple and general method is used to assemble rubber semiconductors into suspended two‐phase composite films that are transferred to the surface of the ion‐conducting membrane to fabricate flexible multiterminal photoelectronic neurotransistors. The suspended ion conductive film is used as the gate dielectrics and supporting substrate. The prepared devices exhibit excellent electrical stability and mechanical flexibility after being bent. Basic photoelectronic synaptic behavior and pulse‐dependent plasticity are emulated. Furthermore, the device realizes the spatiotemporally integrated electrical and optical stimuli to mimic spatiotemporal information processing. This study provides a promising direction for constructing more complex spiking neural networks and more powerful neuromorphic systems with brain‐like dynamic spatiotemporal processing functions.
Preparation of a Biodegradable Mulch Film Exhibiting a High Photothermal Conversion Efficiency and Bioactive Effects
Authors: Liu Chang‐Le , Xu Yi‐Ke , Kou Pei‐Wen , Huang Wen‐Jing , Sun Xiao‐Chun
Published: December 2022

In this study, chitosan (CS), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polydopamine (PDA), and tungsten trioxide are compounded via melt blending to prepare a CS/PVP/PDA/WO3 composite mulch. The morphological characteristics, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission performance, photothermal performance, and degradation performance of the mulch film and the effect of the CS/PVP/PDA/WO3 composite mulch film on the growth of Dianthus chinensis L. and cucumber seeds are studied. The results show that the CS/PVP/PDA/WO3 film exhibits a good thermal stability, biodegradability, UV resistance, photothermal conversion ability, and transmittance. Evaluation of the effect of this mulch film on the growth of crops shows that the film can promote the germination of seeds and increase the seedling growth rate.
Effects of Hurricane Michael on Gulf Sturgeon in the Apalachicola River system, Florida
Authors: Dula Brendan T. , Kaeser Adam J. , D'Ercole Mark J. , Jennings Cecil A. , Fox Adam G.
Published: December 2022

Objective

Gulf Sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi populations have undergone substantial declines since the start of the 20th century due to overfishing and habitat loss. A predicted increase in the frequency of major hurricanes, driven by climate change, presents an additional but poorly characterized threat to Gulf Sturgeon populations. In October 2018, category 5 Hurricane Michael made landfall 40 km west of the Apalachicola River, causing a hypoxic event and an ensuing fish kill that included Gulf Sturgeon.

Methods

We used acoustic telemetry, mark–recapture, and side‐scan sonar data to examine migration behavior and estimate Gulf Sturgeon abundance, mortality, and annual recruitment in the system before and after the storm.

Result

Within 2 days of landfall, we observed an early and rapid emigration response among tagged adults residing in lower portions of the river system, coinciding with declining dissolved oxygen levels; migration behavior returned to normal by the subsequent spring. The hurricane caused an acute mass mortality event: mortality of Gulf Sturgeon in October 2018 was four to five times greater than that in previous years. Several other independent metrics also indicate a major decline in Gulf Sturgeon abundance after the hurricane. Juvenile recruitment to age 1 after the storm was >5 of the previous 6 years, indicating the hurricane did not cause a year‐class failure.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that major hurricanes can impact the structure and abundance of Gulf Sturgeon populations, yet elements of resiliency, including survival (facilitated by early emigration and refugia) and enhanced recruitment, may aid in population recovery following such disturbances.