bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heart and kidney transplant: should they be combined or subsequent?
Authors: Melvinsdottir Inga , Foley David P. , Hess Timothy , Gunnarsson Sverrir I. , Kohmoto Takushi , Hermsen Joshua , Johnson Maryl R. , Murray David , Dhingra Ravi
Published: July 2020

Aims

End‐stage heart failure patients often present with severe kidney failure and have limited treatment options. We compared the clinical characteristics and outcomes among end‐stage heart and kidney failure patients who underwent combined heart and kidney transplant (HKTx) with those who underwent kidney transplant after heart transplant (KAH).

Methods and results

All patients from 2007–2016 who underwent combined HKTx (n = 715) and those who underwent KAH (n = 130) using the United Network for Organ Sharing database were included. Kaplan‑Meier curves and Cox models compared survivals and identified predictors of death. Number of combined HKTx performed annually in United States increased from 59 in 2007 to 146 in 2016 whereas KAH decreased from 34 in 2007 to 6 in 2016. Among KAH patients, average wait time for kidney transplant was 3.0 years, time to dialysis or to kidney transplant after heart transplant did not differ with varying severity of kidney disease at baseline (P for both >0.05). Upon follow‐up (mean 3.5 ± 2.7 years), 151 patients died. In multivariable models, patients who underwent combined HKTx had 4.7‐fold greater risk of death [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.4–9.4) than KAH patients upon follow up. A secondary analysis using calculation of survival only after kidney transplant for KAH patients still conferred higher risk for combined HKTx patients [hazard ratio (HR) 2.6 95% CI 1.33–5.15]. In subgroup analyses after excluding patients on dialysis (HR 3.99 95% CI 1.98–8.04) and analysis after propensity matching for age, gender, and glomerular filtration rate (HR 3.01 95% CI 1.40–6.43) showed similar and significantly higher risk for combined HKTx patients compared with KAH patients. Lastly, these results also remained unchanged after excluding transplant centres who performed only one type of procedure preferentially, i.e. HKTx or KAH (HR 4.70 95% CI 2.35–9.42).

Conclusions

National registry data show continual increase in combined HKTx performed annually in the United States but inferior survival compared with KAH patients. Differences in patient characteristics or level of kidney dysfunction at baseline do not explain these poor outcomes among HKTx patients compared with KAH patients. Consensus guidelines are greatly needed to identify patients who may benefit more from dual organ transplants.
Functionalization of Bis‐Diazaphospholene P–P Bonds with Diverse Electrophiles
Authors: Huchenski Blake S. N. , Robertson Katherine N. , Speed Alexander W. H.
Published: July 2020

Phosphorus‐sp3 or ‐sp2 carbon bonds are readily formed by the reaction of bis‐diazaphospholenes with several classes of electrophiles. These reactions result in cleavage of the phosphorus–phosphorus bond and formation of functionalized diazaphospholenes. The reactions proceed rapidly, without catalysis. Experimental evidence with aryl and alkyl halides suggests the intermediacy of radicals in some cases, however other evidence suggests either radical or polar mechanisms may be operative for certain substrates, with a dependence on reaction conditions. In three cases, the product aryl diazaphospholenes have been shown to transfer the aryl substituent to electrophiles. These results reveal that diazaphospholene dimers are potent participants in radical chemistry with organic substrates at room temperature without requiring chemical initiators.
Effect of diethyl ether additive in Jatropha biodiesel‐diesel fuel blends on the variable compression ratio diesel engine performance and emissions characteristics at different loads and compression ratios
Authors: Varpe Bahusaheb R. , Kharde Yashwant R. , Rahman Kalyandurg Fazlur , Khidmatgar Abdulqhadar
Published: July 2020

An investigational analysis was performed to assess the effect of diethyl ether (DEE) that acts as an oxygenated additive in Jatropha biodiesel and diesel fuel blends on the performance enhancement and emission reduction of a variable compression ratio (CR) diesel engine. The DEE (10% vol) is added to different concentration levels of Jatropha biodiesel (B5, B10, and B20). The Jatropha biodiesel (JME) is prepared by the transesterification reaction and DEE is prepared through acid distillation of ethanol. The various tests were conducted by varying the loads at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% (3, 6, 9, and 12 kg). The DEE was entirely miscible with diesel and Jatropha biodiesel, the addition of DEE increases the cetane and calorific value, kinematic viscosity of the fuel blends compared with neat diesel or Jatropha biodiesel. The results illustrate that at higher loads and CRs, the engine performance parameters such as brake thermal efficiency enhances and reduces the brake‐specific fuel consumption for DEE‐Jatropha biodiesel‐diesel fuel blends. Blend A3 (10% DEE + 20% JME + 70% diesel) demonstrated an overall improvement in the engine performance parameters and emission characteristics compared with A1, A2, and diesel fuel blends. It is concluded that the DEE‐JME‐diesel fuel blend is a promising source of fuel for diesel engine at maximum load.
Control of cellular adhesiveness in hyaluronic acid‐based hydrogel through varying degrees of phenol moiety cross‐linking
Authors: Bagheri Sara , Bagher Zohreh , Hassanzadeh Sajad , Simorgh Sara , Kamrava Seyed Kamran , Nooshabadi Vajihe Taghdiri , Shabani Ronak , Jalessi Maryam , Khanmohammadi Mehdi
Published: July 2020

Current hyaluronic acid‐based hydrogels often cause cytotoxicity to encapsulated cells and lack the adhesive property required for effective biomedical and tissue engineering applications. Provision of the cell‐adhesive surface is an important requirement to improve its biocompatibility. An aqueous solution of hyaluronic acid possessing phenolic hydroxyl (HA‐Ph) moieties is gellable via a horseradish peroxidase (HRP)‐catalyzed oxidative cross‐linking reaction. This study evaluates the effect of different degrees of cross‐linked Ph moieties on cellular adhesiveness and proliferation on the resultant enzymatically cross‐linked HA‐Ph hydrogels. Mechanical characterization demonstrated that the compression force of engineered hydrogels could be tuned in the range of 0.05–35 N by changing conjugated Ph moieties in the precursor formulation. The water contact angle and water content show hydrophobicity of hydrogels increased with increasing content of cross‐linked Ph groups. The seeded mouse embryo fibroblast‐like cell line and human cervical cancer cell line, on the HA‐Ph hydrogel, proved cell attachment and spreading with a high content of cross‐linked Ph groups. The HA‐Ph with a higher degree of Ph moieties shows the maximum degree of cell adhesion, spreading, and proliferation which presents this hydrogel as a suitable biomaterial for biomedical and tissue engineering applications.
Photochemistry in the strong coupling regime: A trajectory surface hopping scheme
Authors: Fregoni Jacopo , Corni Stefano , Persico Maurizio , Granucci Giovanni
Published: July 2020

The strong coupling regime between confined light and organic molecules turned out to be promising in modifying both the ground state and the excited states properties. Under this peculiar condition, the electronic states of the molecule are mixed with the quantum states of light. The dynamical processes occurring on such hybrid states undergo several modifications accordingly. Hence, the dynamical description of chemical reactivity in polaritonic systems needs to explicitly take into account the photon degrees of freedom and nonadiabatic events. With the aim of describing photochemical polaritonic processes, in the present work, we extend the direct trajectory surface hopping scheme to investigate photochemistry under strong coupling between light and matter.
Preparation of hierarchical LiNixCoyMnzO2 from solvothermal [NixCoyMnz](OH)2 via regulating the ratio of Ni, Co, and Mn and its excellent properties for lithium‐ion battery cathode
Authors: Liu Xinran , Wang Xinlu , Yue Bin , Liu Guixia , Yu Wensheng , Dong Xiangting , Wang Jinxian
Published: July 2020

The ternary‐layered oxide (LiNixCoyMnzO2) has become the most promising cathode material for lithium‐ion batteries due to the advantages of higher discharge platform, better conductivity, and higher theoretical capacity. The [NixCoyMnz](OH)2 with different ratios of nickel, cobalt, and manganese (NCM) was prepared by solvothermal method, and then ternary cathode material LiNixCoyMnzO2 was obtained by mixing lithium and calcining. In this paper, ternary cathode materials with different ratios of NCM were prepared by the solvothermal method. The structure and morphology of the materials were analyzed by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy‐dispersive spectroscopy. The effects of the ratio on the electrochemical properties of the materials were investigated by constant current charge and discharge test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy test. The synthesized lithium‐nickel‐cobalt‐manganese oxide belongs to the hexagonal system and has an α‐NaFeO2 layered structure, which is an R‐3m space group. The NCM ternary cathode materials with different morphologies were obtained by changing the ratio of NCM. The sample with NCM ratio of 5:3:2 has a unique sheet‐like spherical shape and has the best rate performance.
Ptk2b deletion improves mice folliculogenesis and fecundity via inhibiting follicle loss mediated by Erk pathway
Authors: Cong Yanyan , Wu Haibo , Bian Xuejiao , Xie Qin , Lyu Qifeng , Cui Junqi , Suo Lun , Kuang Yanping
Published: July 2020

Ptk2b has been found playing critical roles in oocyte maturation and subsequent fertilization in vitro. But what is the exact in vivo function in reproduction still elusive. Here, by constructing Ptk2b mutant mice, we found Ptk2b was not essential for mice fertility, unexpectedly, contrary to previously reported in vitro findings, we found Ptk2b ablation significantly improved female fecundity. Follicle counting indicated that the number of primordial follicles and growing follicles in matured mice was significantly increased in the absence of Ptk2b, whereas the primordial follicle formation showed no defects. We also found this regulation was in an autophosphorylation independent pathway, as autophosphorylation site mutant mice (PTK2BY402F) show no phenotype in female fertility. Further biochemistry studies revealed that Ptk2b ablation promotes folliculogenesis via Erk pathway mediate follicle survival. Together, we found a novel biological function of Ptk2b in folliculogenesis, which could be potentially used as a therapeutic target for corresponding infertility.
Risk factors for cardiovascular disease mortality in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes: A nationwide, registry‐based cohort study
Authors: Liapis Konstantinos , Vrachiolias Georgios , Papadopoulos Vasileios , Kourakli Alexandra , Galanopoulos Athanasios G. , Papoutselis Menelaos , Papageorgiou Sotirios G. , Diamantopoulos Panagiotis T. , Pappa Vassiliki , Viniou Nora‐Athina , Vassilakopoulos Theodoros P. , Hatzimichael Eleftheria , Bouronikou Eleni , Ximeri Maria , Pontikoglou Charalambos , Panayiotidis Panayiotis , Karakatsanis Stamatis , Vardi Anna , Symeonidis Argiris , Kotsianidis Ioannis
Published: July 2020

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) emerges as a major cause of death in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), but predictors of fatal CVD and the effect of MDS‐specific treatments on CVD mortality remain largely unknown. In an analysis involving 831 patients with MDS with known causes of death, we noted an independent association of lower risk MDS, age >70 years, pre‐existing CVD, and treatment with erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents with a higher risk of death from CVD. If externally validated, these simple risk factors could increase clinicians’ awareness toward CVD complications and guide early introduction of intensive monitoring and preventive interventions in MDS patients.
Influence of HIV‐1 V2 sequence variability on bacterial translocation in antiretroviral naïve HIV‐1 infected patients
Authors: Balena Flavia , Bavaro Davide F. , Volpe Anna , Lagioia Antonella , Angarano Gioacchino , Monno Laura , Saracino Annalisa
Published: July 2020

HIV‐1 V2 domain binds α4β7, which assists lymphocyte homing to gut‐associated lymphoid tissue. This triggers bacterial translocation, thus contributing to immune activation. We investigated whether variability of V2 179‐181binding site could influence plasma levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and soluble cluster of differentiation 14 (sCD14), markers of microbial translocation/immune activation. HIV gp120 sequences from antiretroviral naïve patients were analyzed for V2 tripeptide composition, length, net charge, and potential N‐linked‐glycosylation sites. LPS and sCD14 plasma levels were quantified. Clinical/immuno‐virologic data were retrieved. Overall, 174 subjects were enrolled, 8% with acute infection, 71% harboring a subtype B. LDV179‐181 was detected in 41% and LDI in 27%. No difference was observed between levels of LPS or sCD14 according to different mimotopes or according to other sequence characteristics. By multivariable analysis, only acute infection was significantly associated with higher sCD14 levels. In conclusion, no association was observed between V2 tripeptide composition and extent of bacterial translocation/immune activation.
Clinical and virologic features of hepatitis E virus infection at a university hospital in Japan between 2000 and 2019
Authors: Sato Naoto , Watanabe Shunji , Miura Kouichi , Morimoto Naoki , Takaoka Yoshinari , Nomoto Hiroaki , Isoda Norio , Nagashima Shigeo , Takahashi Masaharu , Okamoto Hiroaki , Yamamoto Hironori
Published: July 2020

The clinical and virologic features of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection seem to vary among regions even in developed countries. However, we have little information on the diversity of HEV infection. Here, we investigated the characteristics of 26 patients in our hospital located in Tochigi prefecture, 90 km north of Tokyo, between 2000 and 2019. The reported number of patients with acute hepatitis E is increasing in Japan because measurement of IgA‐class anti‐HEV antibody was commercially available from 2011. In contrast, the numbers at our hospital were 1.5/y and 1.0/y in 2000 to 2011 and 2012 to 2019, respectively. This is attributed to the fact that we have been investigating HEV as a cause of unknown hepatitis before 2011. Among isolated HEV subgenotypes, including 3a, 3b, 4b, 4c, and 4d, all three patients with subgenotype 4c infection presented acute liver failure. Four HEV strains shared more than or equal to 99% identity within the 412‐nucleotide partial sequence, in which the time and place of HEV infection varied, except for one intrafamilial infection. In addition, some strains were similar to HEV strains isolated far from Tochigi prefecture. In conclusion, the number of patients with acute hepatitis E was not increasing at Jichi Medical University Hospital and some strains were found to circulate in Japan.
Developing a sensitive HBV genotyping assay for HBV DNA suppressed patients using both DNA and RNA sequencing
Authors: Liu Yang , May Lindsey , Liu Xinan , Martin Ross , Svarovskaia Evguenia , Gaggar Anuj , Mo Hongmei , Feierbach Becket
Published: July 2020

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes impact treatment outcomes and disease progression. The current genotyping methods have limitations in patients with low HBV viral load. In this study, a more sensitive assay has been developed for determining the HBV genotype in HBV DNA suppressed patients. Fifty‐five serum samples from 55 chronic hepatitis B patients (HBeAg−, n = 20; HBeAg+, n = 35) across genotypes A to H with long‐term nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs) treatment were collected. All samples had HBV DNA less than 29 IU/mL. Total nucleic acid (viral DNA and RNA) was extracted and a 341 bp amplicon located at HBV S gene overlapping with reverse transcriptase domain of polymerase (pol/RT) was amplified via real time (RT)‐nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by population sequencing. HBV genotype was determined by phylogenetic analysis. The assay successfully amplified HBV S/RT gene from 53 of 55 (96.4%) patient serum samples. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the genotypes of all the 53 PCR positive samples matched the historical genotypes as determined by INNO‐LiPA or RT sequence from the corresponding baseline samples. This assay was able to accurately determine HBV genotype irrespective of baseline genotype, HBeAg status, or duration of viral suppression. The ability to determine genotype in virally suppressed patients may facilitate the evaluation of novel treatment agents for HBV in this patient population.
Discharged COVID‐19 patients testing positive again for SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA: A minireview of published studies from China
Authors: Han Zhiyong , Battaglia Fortunato , Terlecky Stanley R
Published: July 2020

In the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, one potential cause of concern is that some discharged COVID‐19 patients are testing positive again for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) RNA. To better understand what is happening and to provide public health policy planners and clinicians timely information, we have searched and reviewed published studies about discharged patients testing positive again for the SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA. Our search found 12 reports, all of which described patients in China. Our review of these reports indicates the presence of discharged patients who remain asymptomatic but test positive. However, it is unclear whether they are contagious because a positive reverse transcriptase – polymerase chain reaction (RT‐ PCR) test does not necessarily indicate the presence of replicating and transmissible virus. Our review suggests the need for timely, parallel testing of different samples, including, for example, fecal specimens, from COVID‐19 patients before and after they are discharged from hospitals.
On future flood magnitudes and estimation uncertainty across 151 catchments in mainland China
Authors: Gu Lei , Yin Jiabo , Zhang Hongbo , Wang Hui‐Min , Yang Guang , Wu Xushu
Published: July 2020

As atmospheric moisture holding capacity is positively dependent on temperatures, a large intensification of precipitation extremes is projected under foreseeable climate warming. Flooding that is mainly attributed to extreme storms usually accounts for an ambitious target in weather‐related hazard mitigation over China. Previous works seldom focused on flooding evolution patterns under climate change at a national scale, and fewer flooding projections considered the estimation uncertainty sourced from limited samples. This study systematically projected changes in flood quantiles based on annual maximum series and seasonality and also evaluated the variations of sampling uncertainty for 151 catchments over mainland China under the emission scenario of representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5. In order to project future streamflow series, the bias‐corrected outputs of six global climate models (GCMs) were input into a best‐performing hydrological model, which was selected from four calibrated hydrological models based on the KGE criteria. The Pearson type‐III (P‐III) distribution and L‐moments (L‐M) method were employed to derive the flood quantiles for different return periods during historical (1961–2005) and future (2056–2100) periods, and the bootstrapping method was applied to estimate the sampling uncertainty. A regression trend method was used to track the variations of flood seasonality in the context of climate warming. Our results project earlier flood timing and larger flood quantiles for most catchments in future period than those in the historical period, despite being accompanied by substantial spatial variations. We also project that the sampling uncertainty in estimating flood quantiles is increased in a warming future. Many catchments are exposed to dramatic changes in both flood quantile and estimation uncertainty by over 50%, while only a few catchments are projected to have decreasing flood risks. These results suggest an urgent need to improve the functionality of early warning systems and increase societal resilience to warming climates over China.
High‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection fingerprints as chemical descriptors to authenticate the origin, variety and roasting degree of coffee by multivariate chemometric methods
Authors: Núñez Nerea , Martínez Clara , Saurina Javier , Núñez Oscar
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

Coffee is one of the most popular beverages around the world, consumed as an infusion of ground roasting coffee beans with a characteristic taste and flavor. Two main varieties, Arabica and Robusta, are produced worldwide. Furthermore, interest of consumers in quality attributes related to coffee production region and varieties is increasing. Thus, it is necessary to encourage the development of simple methodologies to authenticate and guarantee the coffee origin, variety and roasting degree, aiming to prevent fraudulent practices.

RESULTS

C18 high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC‐FLD) fingerprints obtained after brewing coffees without any sample treatment other than filtration (i.e. considerably reducing sample manipulation) were employed as sample chemical descriptors for subsequent coffee characterization and classification by principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares regression‐discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA). PLS‐DA showed good classification capabilities regarding coffee origin, variety and roasting degree when employing HPLC‐FLD fingerprints, although overlapping occurred for some sample groups. However, the discrimination power increased when selecting HPLC‐FLD fingerprinting segments richer in discriminant features, which were deduced from PLS‐DA loading plots. In this case, excellent separation was observed and 100% classification rates for both PLS‐DA calibrations and predictions were obtained (all samples were correctly classified within their corresponding groups).

CONCLUSION

HPLC‐FLD fingerprinting segments were3 found to be suitable chemical descriptors for discriminating the origin (country of production), variety (Arabica and Robusta) and roasting degree of coffee. Therefore, HPLC‐FLD fingerprinting can be proposed as a feasible, simple and cheap methodology to address coffee authentication, especially for developing coffee production countries. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Designing alternatives in decision problems
Authors: Colorni Alberto , Tsoukiàs Alexis
Published: July 2020

Generating alternatives for decision problems is a critical activity regularly underestimated and underdeveloped in the decision analysis literature. We present a survey showing how little this topic has been studied in the last 50 years. We then introduce a general framework under which formalize the design of alternatives. Two examples help to understand our point of view: alternatives are generated through separation of attributes describing the value space of the client/decision maker.
Effects of a Cumulative, Suboptimal Supply of Multiple Trace Elements in Mice: Trace Element Status, Genomic Stability, Inflammation, and Epigenetics
Authors: Finke Hannah , Winkelbeiner Nicola , Lossow Kristina , Hertel Barbara , Wandt Viktoria K. , Schwarz Maria , Pohl Gabriele , Kopp Johannes F. , Ebert Franziska , Kipp Anna P. , Schwerdtle Tanja
Published: July 2020

Scope: Trace element (TE) deficiencies often occur accumulated, as nutritional intake is inadequate for several TEs, concurrently. Therefore, the impact of a suboptimal supply of iron, zinc, copper, iodine, and selenium on the TE status, health parameters, epigenetics, and genomic stability in mice are studied.

Methods and results: Male mice receive reduced or adequate amounts of TEs for 9 weeks. The TE status is analyzed mass‐spectrometrically in serum and different tissues. Furthermore, gene and protein expression of TE biomarkers are assessed with focus on liver. Iron concentrations are most sensitive toward a reduced supply indicated by increased serum transferrin levels and altered hepatic expression of iron‐related genes. Reduced TE supply results in smaller weight gain but higher spleen and heart weights. Additionally, inflammatory mediators in serum and liver are increased together with hepatic genomic instability. However, global DNA (hydroxy)methylation is unaffected by the TE modulation.

Conclusion: Despite homeostatic regulation of most TEs in response to a low intake, this condition still has substantial effects on health parameters. It appears that the liver and immune system react particularly sensitive toward changes in TE intake. The reduced Fe status might be the primary driver for the observed effects.
An unsupervised hierarchical approach for automatic intra‐retinal cyst segmentation in spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography images
Authors: Ganjee Razieh , Ebrahimi Moghaddam Mohsen , Nourinia Ramin
Published: July 2020

Purpose

Intra‐retinal cyst (IRC) is a symptom of macular disorders that occurs due to retinal blood vessel damage and fluid leakage to the macula area. These abnormalities are efficiently visualized using optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. These patients need to be regularly monitored for the presence and changes of IRC regions. Thus, automatic segmentation of IRCs can be beneficial to investigate disease progression.

Methods

In this study, automatic IRC segmentation is accomplished by building three different masks in three unsupervised segmentation levels of a hierarchical framework. In the first level, the ROI‐mask (R‐mask) is built, and the retina area is cropped based on this mask. In the second level, the prune‐mask (P‐mask) is built, and the searching space is significantly reduced toward the target objects using this mask; and finally in the third level, by applying the Markov random field (MRF) model and employing intensity and contextual information, the cyst mask (C‐mask) is extracted.

Results

The proposed method is evaluated on three datasets including OPTIMA, UMN, and KERMANY datasets. The experimental results showed that the proposed method is effective with a mean dice coefficient rate of 0.74, 0.75 and 0.79 by the intersection of ground truths on the OPTIMA, UMN and KERMANY datasets, respectively.

Conclusion

The proposed method outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art methods on the OPTIMA and UMN datasets while achieving comparable results to the most recently proposed method on the KERMANY dataset.
Hatchery Rearing of Lake Sturgeon to Age 1 Prior to Stocking: A Path Forward for Species Recovery in the Upper Nelson River, Manitoba, Canada
Authors: McDougall Craig A. , Nelson Patrick A. , Aiken James K. , Burnett Duncan C. , Barth Cameron C. , MacDonell Donald S. , Michaluk Yhana , Klassen Cheryl N. , Macdonald Don
Published: July 2020

The release of hatchery-reared age-0 Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens has proven sufficient to re-establish mid-latitude populations, but there was minimal evidence of poststocking survival in the functionally extirpated population of the upper Nelson River, Manitoba, until the practice of rearing fish to age 1 in the hatchery began in 2007. After 5 years of poststocking monitoring (2012–2016), mark–recapture data sets have yielded important information regarding survival, dispersal shortly after stocking, post-establishment movement and emigration, and growth, clarifying a path forward for Lake Sturgeon recovery initiatives in this system. Based on Cormack–Jolly–Seber models, mean cohort-specific apparent survival (i.e., consolidated survival and retention of fish within the reach) for Lake Sturgeon reared to age 1 in the hatchery from the time of stocking until the period of post-first-winter recapture in the wild (predominantly at age 2) was estimated to range from 0.08 (95% CI = 0.06–0.11) to 0.49 (95% CI = 0.41–0.56); dispersal occurring shortly after stocking was identified as at least partially influential. In the years after poststocking establishment (i.e., age 2 and older), apparent survival of the fish that established in the primary reach was estimated at 0.99–1.00, indicative of negligible mortality and negligible emigration. The stocked Lake Sturgeon exhibited growth patterns similar to (or even outpacing) those of wild populations occupying comparable habitats in Manitoba. Moreover, data indicate that growth trajectories set early in life persist throughout the juvenile stage. The results of upper Nelson River poststocking monitoring provide quantitative support for a stocking strategy predicated on rearing Lake Sturgeon over winter in the hatchery followed by release at age 1 during spring, thus striking a balance between high poststocking survival and moderate hatchery rearing costs.
Brain functional network alterations caused by a strong desire to void in healthy adults: a graph theory analysis study
Authors: Pang Dongqing , Gao Yi , Liao Limin , Ying Xiaoqian
Published: July 2020

Purpose

This resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study determined the functional connectivity (FC) changes and topologic property alterations of the brain functional network provoked by a strong desire to void in healthy adults using a graph theory analysis (GTA).

Materials and methods

Thirty‐four healthy, right‐handed subjects filled their bladders by drinking water. The subjects were scanned under an empty bladder and a strong desire to void states. The Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated among 90 brain regions in the automated anatomical labeling (AAL) atlas to construct the brain functional network. A paired t test (P < .05, after false discovery rate [FDR] correction) was used to detect significant differences in the FC, topologic properties (small‐world parameters [gamma, sigma], Cp, Lp, Eglob, Eloc, and Enodal) between the two states in all subjects.

Results

Both the two states showed small‐world network properties. The clustering coefficient (Cp) and local efficiency (Eloc) in the whole brain network decreased, while the FC within the default mode network (DMN) increased during the strong desire to void compared with the empty bladder state. Moreover, an increased nodal efficiency (Enodal) was detected in the basal ganglia (BG), DMN, sensorimotor‐related network (SMN), and visual network (VN).

Conclusion

We detected FC changes and topologic property alterations in brain functional networks caused by a strong desire to void in healthy and suggest that the micturition control may be a process dominated by DMN and coordinated by multiple sub‐networks (such as, BG, SMN, and VN), which could serve as a baseline for understanding the pathologic process underlying bladder dysfunction and be useful to improve targeted therapy in the future.
Social networks and seafood sustainability governance: Exploring the relationship between social capital and the performance of fishery improvement projects
Authors: Packer Helen , Schmidt Jörn , Bailey Megan
Published: July 2020

In the early 2000s, the sustainable seafood movement put forward the concept of fishery improvement projects (FIP), a structured multi‐stakeholder approach to address environmental challenges in a fishery and aims to use the power of the market to incentivize change.

The intent of the FIP model is to allow fisheries that currently do not meet the MSC standard to maintain market access while working on credible improvements. As such, FIPs have become a widely promoted approach to sustainable fisheries and have proliferated around the globe.

Based on recent research assessing the impact of FIPs and testing various FIP attributes and their link to FIP performance, it seems that the FIP model may be delivering on its promise overall. However, the impact of FIP are at best based correlation rather than causation, with only few FIP attributes having been measured consistently over a significant period of time.

In this theoretical contribution, we bring attention to one attribute of FIPs: the structure of their social network and its implication for social capital and successful collective action.

We start by describing FIPs as projects located at the intersection of environmental governance networks and value chain network governance. Secondly, we demonstrate FIPs as complex social networks and the link between network attributes and FIP progress through the concept of social capital. Thirdly, we present the method of social network analysis and relevant network attributes to understand and characterize how FIPs work better. Finally, we suggest opportunities for further research and integration of this approach in planning and designing FIPs.

Through this work, we wish to bring attention to one type of FIP attributes that is currently not explicitly being taken into account to current FIP practitioner and researchers.

A freePlain Language Summarycan be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Nasal high‐frequency percussive ventilation vs nasal continuous positive airway pressure in newborn infants respiratory distress: A cross over clinical trial
Authors: Renesme Laurent , Dumas de la Roque Eric , Germain Christine , Chevrier Agnès , Rebola Muriel , Cramaregeas Sophie , Benard Antoine , Elleau Christophe , Tandonnet Olivier
Published: July 2020

Objective

To determine if nasal high‐frequency percussive ventilation (nHFPV) to manage neonatal respiratory distress decreases the regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO2) compared to nasal continous positive airway pressure (nCPAP).

Study Design

A prospective, randomized, monocentric, open‐label, noninferiority crossover trial. Newborns of gestational age (GA) ≥ 33 weeks exhibiting persistent respiratory distress after 10 minutes of life were treated with nHFPV and nCPAP, in succession and in random order. The primary endpoint was the mean rScO2, as revealed by near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).

Results

Forty‐nine newborns were randomized; the mean GA and birth weight was 36.4 ± 1.9 weeks and 2718 ± 497 g. The mean rScO2 difference during the last 5 minutes of each ventilation mode (nHFPV minus nCPAP) was –0.7 ± 5.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) –2.25; 0.95%).

Conclusion

In our study on newborns of GA ≥33 weeks treated for respiratory distress, cerebral oxygenation via nHFPV was not inferior to nCPAP.
Enhancing care for individuals with advanced cystic fibrosis lung disease
Authors: Kapnadak Siddhartha G. , Ramos Kathleen J. , Dellon Elisabeth P.
Published: July 2020

While remarkable advances in cystic fibrosis (CF) care have led to improvements in survival and quality of life, many individuals with CF are living with advanced cystic fibrosis lung disease (ACFLD) and others will face continued disease progression and its associated complex treatments and choices. This review will provide a summary of recently published guidelines for ACFLD care and lung transplant referral and highlight ongoing work to enhance the care of those with ACFLD through improvements in medical and psychosocial care, palliative care, and care around lung transplantation.
Distributed H∞ containment control of multiagent systems over switching topologies with communication time delay
Authors: Wang Dong , Huang Yun , Guo Shixin , Wang Wei
Published: July 2020

In this study, we consider the problem of distributed H∞ containment control for multiagent systems over switching communication topologies. There exists a constant time‐delay and the energy‐bounded communication disturbances in the information transmission process, which are considered. Using the relative output, we develop an observer‐based containment control scheme such that the followers asymptotically converge to the convex hull formed by the leaders with a guaranteed H∞ performance level. By constructing a Lyapunov functional and using the inequality technique, sufficient conditions for the existence of such dynamic controllers are obtained in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, a numerical example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control protocol.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Multi‐Component Reactions: Recent Advances and Perspectives in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Susan Treesa G. S. , Neetha Mohan , Saranya Salim , Anilkumar Gopinathan
Published: July 2020

This review focuses on the recent achievements in the field of cobalt‐catalyzed multi‐component reactions that could access a wide range of acyclic compounds, carbocyclic compounds and heterocyclic compounds. Multi‐component reactions (MCRs) gained significant interest in organic synthesis since they could be utilized to achieve complex products from readily available starting materials in an environment‐friendly manner. This review covers the literature up to 2019 and is the first one that emphasizes on cobalt‐catalyzed one‐pot multi‐component reactions.
Synthetic CXCR4 Antagonistic Peptide Assembling with Nanoscaled Micelles Combat Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Meng Jie , Ge Yangyang , Xing Haiyan , Wei Hui , Xu Shilin , Liu Jian , Yan Doudou , Wen Tao , Wang Min , Fang Xiaocui , Ma Lilusi , Yang Yanlian , Wang Chen , Wang Jianxiang , Xu Haiyan
Published: July 2020

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common adult acute leukemia with very low survival rate due to drug resistance and high relapse rate. The C‐X‐C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is highly expressed by AML cells, actively mediating chemoresistance and reoccurrence. Herein, a chemically synthesized CXCR4 antagonistic peptide E5 is fabricated to micelle formulation (M‐E5) and applied to refractory AML mice, and its therapeutic effects and pharmacokinetics are investigated. Results show that M‐E5 can effectively block the surface CXCR4 in leukemic cells separated from bone marrow (BM) and spleen, and inhibit the C‐X‐C chemokine ligand 12‐mediated migration. Subcutaneous administration of M‐E5 significantly inhibits the engraftment of leukemic cells in spleen and BM, and mobilizes residue leukemic cells into peripheral blood, reducing organs’ burden and significantly prolonging the survival of AML mice. M‐E5 can also increase the efficacy of combining regime of homoharringtonine and doxorubicin. Ribonucleic acid sequencing demonstrates that the therapeutic effect is contributed by inhibiting proliferation and enhancing apoptosis and differentiation, all related to the CXCR4 signaling blockade. M‐E5 reaches the concentration peak at 2 h after administration with a half‐life of 14.5 h in blood. In conclusion, M‐E5 is a novel promising therapeutic candidate for refractory AML treatment.
Subleading power resummation of rapidity logarithms: the energy-energy correlator in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SYM
Authors: Moult Ian , Vita Gherardo , Yan Kai
Published: July 2020

Abstract

We derive and solve renormalization group equations that allow for the resummation of subleading power rapidity logarithms. Our equations involve operator mixing into a new class of operators, which we term the “rapidity identity operators”, that will generically appear at subleading power in problems involving both rapidity and virtuality scales. To illustrate our formalism, we analytically solve these equations to resum the power suppressed logarithms appearing in the back-to-back (double light cone) limit of the Energy-Energy Correlator (EEC) in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super-Yang-Mills. These logarithms can also be extracted to $$ \mathcal{O}\left({\alpha}_s^3\right) $$
O

α
s
3

from a recent perturbative calculation, and we find perfect agreement to this order. Instead of the standard Sudakov exponential, our resummed result for the subleading power logarithms is expressed in terms of Dawson’s integral, with an argument related to the cusp anomalous dimension. We call this functional form “Dawson’s Sudakov”. Our formalism is widely applicable for the resummation of subleading power rapidity logarithms in other more phenomenologically relevant observables, such as the EEC in QCD, the pT spectrum for color singlet boson production at hadron colliders, and the resummation of power suppressed logarithms in the Regge limit.
The hidden geometry of particle collisions
Authors: Komiske Patrick T. , Metodiev Eric M. , Thaler Jesse
Published: July 2020

Abstract

We establish that many fundamental concepts and techniques in quantum field theory and collider physics can be naturally understood and unified through a simple new geometric language. The idea is to equip the space of collider events with a metric, from which other geometric objects can be rigorously defined. Our analysis is based on the energy mover’s distance, which quantifies the “work” required to rearrange one event into another. This metric, which operates purely at the level of observable energy flow information, allows for a clarified definition of infrared and collinear safety and related concepts. A number of well-known collider observables can be exactly cast as the minimum distance between an event and various manifolds in this space. Jet definitions, such as exclusive cone and sequential recombination algorithms, can be directly derived by finding the closest few-particle approximation to the event. Several area- and constituent-based pileup mitigation strategies are naturally expressed in this formalism as well. Finally, we lift our reasoning to develop a precise distance between theories, which are treated as collections of events weighted by cross sections. In all of these various cases, a better understanding of existing methods in our geometric language suggests interesting new ideas and generalizations.
Sparse modeling approach to obtaining the shear viscosity from smeared correlation functions
Authors: Itou Etsuko , Nagai Yuki
Published: July 2020

Abstract

We propose the sparse modeling method to estimate the spectral function from the smeared correlation functions. We give a description of how to obtain the shear viscosity from the correlation function of the renormalized energy-momentum tensor (EMT) measured by the gradient flow method (C (t, τ )) for the quenched QCD at finite temperature. The measurement of the renormalized EMT in the gradient flow method reduces a statistical uncertainty thanks to its property of the smearing. However, the smearing breaks the sum rule of the spectral function and the over-smeared data in the correlation function may have to be eliminated from the analyzing process of physical observables. In this work, we demonstrate the sparse modeling analysis in the intermediate-representation basis (IR basis), which connects between the Matsubara frequency data and real frequency data. It works well even using very limited data of C (t, τ ) only in the fiducial window of the gradient flow. We utilize the ADMM algorithm which is useful to solve the LASSO problem under some constraints. We show that the obtained spectral function reproduces the input smeared correlation function at finite flow-time. Several systematic and statistical errors and the flow-time dependence are also discussed.
Interfaces and the extended Hilbert space of Chern-Simons theory
Authors: Fliss Jackson R. , Leigh Robert G.
Published: July 2020

Abstract

The low energy effective field theories of (2 + 1) dimensional topological phases of matter provide powerful avenues for investigating entanglement in their ground states. In [1] the entanglement between distinct Abelian topological phases was investigated through Abelian Chern-Simons theories equipped with a set of topological boundary conditions (TBCs). In the present paper we extend the notion of a TBC to non-Abelian Chern-Simons theories, providing an effective description for a class of gapped interfaces across non-Abelian topological phases. These boundary conditions furnish a defining relation for the extended Hilbert space of the quantum theory and allow the calculation of entanglement directly in the gauge theory. Because we allow for trivial interfaces, this includes a generic construction of the extended Hilbert space in any (compact) Chern-Simons theory quantized on a Riemann surface. Additionally, this provides a constructive and principled definition for the Hilbert space of effective ground states of gapped phases of matter glued along gapped interfaces. Lastly, we describe a generalized notion of surgery, adding a powerful tool from topological field theory to the gapped interface toolbox.
On Sharpness of Error Bounds for Univariate Approximation by Single Hidden Layer Feedforward Neural Networks
Authors: Goebbels Steffen
Published: July 2020

A new non-linear variant of a quantitative extension of the uniform boundedness principle is used to show sharpness of error bounds for univariate approximation by sums of sigmoid and ReLU functions. Single hidden layer feedforward neural networks with one input node perform such operations. Errors of best approximation can be expressed using moduli of smoothness of the function to be approximated (i.e., to be learned). In this context, the quantitative extension of the uniform boundedness principle indeed allows to construct counterexamples that show approximation rates to be best possible. Approximation errors do not belong to the little-o class of given bounds. By choosing piecewise linear activation functions, the discussed problem becomes free knot spline approximation. Results of the present paper also hold for non-polynomial (and not piecewise defined) activation functions like inverse tangent. Based on Vapnik–Chervonenkis dimension, first results are shown for the logistic function.
Initial Raymond–Roy Occlusion Classification but not Packing Density Defines Risk for Recurrence after Aneurysm Coiling
Authors: Greve Tobias , Sukopp Maximilian , Wostrack Maria , Burian Egon , Zimmer Claus , Friedrich Benjamin
Published: July 2020

Purpose

After coil embolization of intracranial aneurysms, it is currently not well understood whether the initial coil packing density or the type of aneurysm residual perfusion, depicted by the modified Raymond-Roy occlusion classification, primarily effects the rate of aneurysm recurrence. We hypothesized that these factors interact and only one remains an independent risk factor.

Methods

In this single center retrospective study, 440 patients with intracranial ruptured and unruptured aneurysms between 2010 and 2017 were screened. A total of 267 patients treated with stand-alone coiling, with or without stent or balloon assistance were included (age 54.1 ± 12.2 years, sex 70.4% female). Flow diverter or Woven EndoBridge (WEB) device implantation were exclusion criteria.

Results

Using a binary logistic regression model, independent risk factors for aneurysm recurrence were postinterventional modified Raymond-Roy occlusion classification class (Odds ratio [OR] 1.747, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.231–2.480) and aneurysm diameter (OR 1.145, CI 1.032–1.271). A trend towards a higher recurrence in ruptured aneurysms did not reach significance (OR 1.656, CI 0.863–3.179). Aneurysm localization, packing density, and neck width were not independently associated with aneurysm recurrence.

Conclusion

Independent risk factors for aneurysm recurrence after coil embolization with and without stent or balloon assistance were aneurysm diameter and postinterventional grading within the modified Raymond-Roy occlusion classification. Packing density interacted with the latter and was not independently associated to recurrence.