bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blast from the past: a study of decades-old fungal cultures resolves a long-standing tree disease mystery
Authors: Wingfield Michael J. , Pham Nam Q. , Marincowitz Seonju , Duong Tuan A. , Wingfield Brenda D. , Wilson Andi M.
Published: September 2023

A root disease in plantations of Pinus radiata and Pinus pinaster, where trees died in distinct patches, was present in the Western Cape province of South Africa during the 1970s and 1980s. Phytophthora cinnamomi was initially believed to be the cause, but the disease was later ascribed to the insect-associated fungus Leptographium serpens, a fungal species residing in the Ophiostomatales. Doubt regarding the cause of the disease was raised in a later study due to the fact that most Leptographium spp., particularly those that colonise ray parenchyma tissues, which is the case for L. serpens, are not typically primary disease agents. In this study, cultures of an unidentified sterile fungus collected from the dying trees were revived and identified using DNA sequencing methods, which were not available when the disease was first studied. These cultures were identified as the pyrophillic pathogen Rhizina undulata, well-known to cause patch death of conifers in South Africa and elsewhere in the world. While the patches of dying trees no longer exist and the disease cannot be newly studied, it is most likely that the tree death originally thought to be caused by L. serpens was due primarily to R. undulata. The study provides a vivid example of the value of preserving cultures of fungi for later study and the power of modern techniques to identify fungal pathogens.
Impact of carbon price on Indonesia’s power sector up to 2050
Authors: Kamandika Firsta Arianty , Dhakal Shobhakar
Published: September 2023

This study uses TIMES model to assess Indonesia’s power sector’s carbon price impact from 2020 to 2050 and the price needed by 2030 to meet the Paris Agreement NDC target. Four scenarios are used to model the impact of carbon price up to 2050: no carbon price, Indonesia’s current price of USD 2.02/tCO2e, ICPF middle- and high-income countries, USD 50/tCO2e and USD 75/tCO2e. Four price scenarios—10, 25, 35, and 150 USD/tCO2e —are added to better understand the carbon price’s effects. As carbon prices rise, installed capacity and power generation will shift to lower-carbon technology. Ultracritical coal, gas-fired, solar, geothermal, and hydropower plants will replace subcritical coal. Investment, fixed, and variable costs would exceed BaU with a higher carbon price. 2.02 to 25 USD/tCO2e can start the coal-to-gas switch but not significantly change the generation profile. The generation will change significantly above 35 USD/tCO2e. Carbon emissions peak lower with rising carbon prices. USD 25 carbon price reduces emissions significantly; a carbon price below that is costly and ineffective. Indonesian Law No. 16 of 2016 ratified the Paris Agreement NDC, committing Indonesia to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 29% by 2030 or 41% with international assistance. Energy sector emissions need to decrease by 11% for a 29 percent reduction and 14% for a 41 percent reduction. A 29% reduction requires USD 39.65/tCO2e carbon price, while a 41% reduction requires USD 43.78/tCO2e. These prices are still within the reasonable ICPF price limit for Indonesia to approach the middle-income country price floor.
Highly sensitive electrochemical detection of cholesterol based on Au–Pt NPs/PAMAM–ZIF-67 nanomaterials
Authors: Zhang Liangtian , Zhu Jianmeng , Hong Wenzhong , Li Gang
Published: September 2023

A cholesterol biosensor was constructed by bimetallic (Au and Pt) and poly(amidoamine)-zeolite imidazole framework (PAMAM–ZIF-67). First, PAMAM–ZIF-67 nanomaterial was immobilized onto the electrode, and then Au and Pt were modified on the electrode by the electro-deposition method. Subsequently, cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) and cholesterol esterase (ChEt) were fixed on the electrode. The stepwise modification procedures were recorded by impedance spectroscopy and voltammetry. The current response presented a linear relation to the logarithm of cholesterol content when content ranged between 0.00015 and 10.24 mM, and the minimum detection concentration reached 3 nM. The electrode was also used for the cholesterol assay in serum, which hinted at its potentially valuable in clinical diagnostics.

Graphical abstract

An electrochemical biosensor based on gold nanoparticles, platinum nanoparticles, and polyamide–zeolitic imidazolate frameworks was developed for detection of cholesterol. First, polyamide–zeolitic imidazolate frameworks nanomaterial was fixed onto the electrode modified of mercaptopropionic acid by Au–S bond. Then, gold nanoparticles and platinum nanoparticles were electrodeposited on the above electrode. Subsequently, cholesterol oxidase and cholesterol esterase were co-immobilized on the surface of the modified electrode to fabricate the cholesterol biosensor. The biosensor has also been used for the measurement of cholesterol in human serum, which implied potential applications in biotechnology and clinical diagnostics.
Nitrogen management with reinforcement learning and crop growth models
Authors: Kallenberg Michiel G.J. , Overweg Hiske , van Bree Ron , Athanasiadis Ioannis N.
Published: September 2023

The growing need for agricultural products and the challenges posed by environmental and economic factors have created a demand for enhanced agricultural systems management. Machine learning has increasingly been leveraged to tackle agricultural optimization problems, and in particular, reinforcement learning (RL), a subfield of machine learning, seems a promising tool for data-driven discovery of future farm management policies. In this work, we present the development of CropGym, a Gymnasium environment, where a reinforcement learning agent can learn crop management policies using a variety of process-based crop growth models. As a use case, we report on the discovery of strategies for nitrogen application in winter wheat. An RL agent is trained to decide weekly on applying a discrete amount of nitrogen fertilizer, with the aim of achieving a balance between maximizing yield and minimizing environmental impact. Results show that close to optimal strategies are learned, competitive with standard practices set by domain experts. In addition, we evaluate, as an out-of-distribution test, whether the obtained policies are resilient against a change in climate conditions. We find that, when rainfall is sufficient, the RL agent remains close to the optimal policy. With CropGym, we aim to facilitate collaboration between the RL and agronomy communities to address the challenges of future agricultural decision-making.
The state, capital, and worker vulnerability: The case of ride-hailing drivers in Ghana
Authors: Akorsu Angela D.
Published: September 2023

The vulnerability associated with the drudgery of drivers in the ride-hailing enterprise of the platform economy has come under both public scrutiny and scholarly study. There remains, however, a dearth of knowledge around how driver vulnerabilities are produced and maintained, and which actors drive those. This paper contributes to the discourse by unpacking how the political economy of digital capitalism plays out to undermine the fortunes of ride-hailing drivers in Ghana. Using qualitative interviews and focus group discussions, the paper shows that drivers’ vulnerabilities stem primarily from the unbridled control over the means of production, which are the digital platforms and the vehicles, as well as the ensuing unequal power relations between capital owners and drivers as capital producers. The paper also characterises the ambivalent role of the State as a capitalist agent that maintains the status quo, albeit nuanced. The need to interrogate alternatives to augment State regulation is therefore recommended for mediating the relationship between capital owners and drivers as capital producers. Effective alternatives would be reducing capital’s monopoly by replacing private, foreign platforms with local public platforms and strengthening drivers’ collective agency to mediate the excessive power of the capital owners.
Adjudication of Artificial Intelligence and Automated Decision-Making Cases in Europe and the USA
Authors: Kiesow Cortez Elif , Maslej Nestor
Published: September 2023

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has started to impact many facets of the economy and people’s routine activities. This article contributes to our understanding of how the legal system is reacting to the ongoing uptake of AI and the disputes or right infringements this uptake creates. Select legal cases regarding the use of AI technology for automated decisions are reviewed, with a focus on filings in Europe and the USA. This exercise reveals which type of legal challenges can be expected when it comes to deploying automated systems in these jurisdictions. Additionally, incipient regulatory efforts targeting AI on both sides of the North Atlantic are introduced and briefly discussed. The paper sheds light on how different legal systems accommodate an emerging technology with disruptive potential and offers a mapping of exemplary legal risks for prospective actors or organisations seeking to develop and deploy AI.
Pointwise convergence in nilmanifolds along smooth functions of polynomial growth
Authors: TSINAS KONSTANTINOS
Published: September 2023

We study the equidistribution of orbits of the form
$b_1^{a_1(n)}\cdots b_k^{a_k(n)}\Gamma $
in a nilmanifold X, where the sequences
$a_i(n)$
arise from smooth functions of polynomial growth belonging to a Hardy field. We show that under certain assumptions on the growth rates of the functions
$a_1,\ldots ,a_k$
, these orbits are equidistributed on some subnilmanifold of the space X. As an application of these results and in combination with the Host–Kra structure theorem for measure-preserving systems, as well as some recent seminorm estimates of the author for ergodic averages concerning Hardy field functions, we deduce a norm convergence result for multiple ergodic averages. Our method mainly relies on an equidistribution result of Green and Tao on finite segments of polynomial orbits on a nilmanifold [The quantitative behaviour of polynomial orbits on nilmanifolds. Ann. of Math. (2)175 (2012), 465–540].
Gas-sheared falling liquid films beyond the absolute instability limit
Authors: Ishimura Misa , Mergui Sophie , Ruyer-Quil Christian , Dietze Georg F.
Published: September 2023

We study the effect of a confined turbulent counter-current gas flow on the waviness of a weakly inclined falling liquid film. Our study is centred on experiments in a channel of 13 mm height, using water and air, where we have successively increased the counter-current gas flow rate until flooding. Computations with a new low-dimensional model and linear stability calculations are used to elucidate the linear and nonlinear wave dynamics. We find that the gas pressure gradient plays an important role in countering the stabilizing effect of the tangential gas shear stress at the liquid–gas interface. At very low inclination angles, the latter effect dominates and can suppress the long-wave Kapitza instability unconditionally. By contrast, for non-negligible inclination, the gas effect is linearly destabilizing, amplifies the height of nonlinear Kapitza waves, and exacerbates coalescence-induced formation of large-amplitude tsunami waves. Kapitza waves do not undergo any catastrophic transformation when the counter-current gas flow rate is increased beyond the absolute instability (AI) limit. On the contrary, we find that AI is an effective linear wave selection mechanism in a noise-driven wave evolution scenario, leading to highly regular downward-travelling nonlinear wave trains, which preclude coalescence events. In our experiments, where Kapitza waves develop in a protected region before coming into contact with the gas, flooding is eventually caused far beyond the AI limit by upward-travelling short-wave ripples. Based on our linear stability calculations for arbitrary wavenumbers, we have uncovered a new short-wave interfacial instability mode with negative linear wave speed, causing these ripples.
R-positivity and the existence of zero-temperature limits of Gibbs measures on nearest-neighbor matrices
Authors: Curinao Jorge Littin , Rincón Gerardo Corredor
Published: September 2023

We study the
$R_\beta$
-positivity and the existence of zero-temperature limits for a sequence of infinite-volume Gibbs measures
$(\mu_{\beta}(\!\cdot\!))_{\beta \geq 0}$
at inverse temperature
$\beta$
associated to a family of nearest-neighbor matrices
$(Q_{\beta})_{\beta \geq 0}$
reflected at the origin. We use a probabilistic approach based on the continued fraction theory previously introduced in Ferrari and Martínez (1993) and sharpened in Littin and Martínez (2010). Some necessary and sufficient conditions are provided to ensure (i) the existence of a unique infinite-volume Gibbs measure for large but finite values of
$\beta$
, and (ii) the existence of weak limits as
$\beta \to \infty$
. Some application examples are revised to put in context the main results of this work.
Sharp convergence for sequences of Schrödinger means and related generalizations
Authors: Li Wenjuan , Wang Huiju , Yan Dunyan
Published: September 2023

For decreasing sequences

$\{t_{n}\}_{n=1}^{\infty }$

converging to zero and initial data

$f\in H^s(\mathbb {R}^N)$

,

$N\geq 2$

, we consider the almost everywhere convergence problem for sequences of Schrödinger means

${\rm e}^{it_{n}\Delta }f$

, which was proposed by Sjölin, and was open until recently. In this paper, we prove that if

$\{t_n\}_{n=1}^{\infty }$

belongs to Lorentz space

${\ell }^{r,\infty }(\mathbb {N})$

, then the a.e. convergence results hold for

$s>\min \{\frac {r}{\frac {N+1}{N}r+1},\,\frac {N}{2(N+1)}\}$

. Inspired by the work of Lucà-Rogers, we construct a counterexample to show that our a.e. convergence results are sharp (up to endpoints). Our results imply that when

$0< r<\frac {N}{N+1}$

, there is a gain over the a.e. convergence result from Du-Guth-Li and Du-Zhang, but not when

$r\geq \frac {N}{N+1}$

, even though we are in the discrete case. Our approach can also be applied to get the a.e. convergence results for the fractional Schrödinger means and nonelliptic Schrödinger means.
The unequal effect of economic development on perceived labor market risks and welfare
Authors: Palmtag Tabea
Published: September 2023

Economic development and accompanying structural changes of the economy create new opportunities, however not everywhere and not for everyone. Development increases the demand for skilled labor, improving their welfare perceptions, but low-skilled workers feel more insecure and worse off economically. This adverse effect results from a mismatch between local labor demand and individual skill sets. To measure the development levels of people's local environments, I combine geocoded Afrobarometer data and night lights. Bayesian multilevel analysis confirms that the highly skilled are economically most dissatisfied in lagging areas, while the low-skilled are less satisfied in highly developed environments. These findings emphasize the importance of local conditions for welfare perceptions and show the unequal effect of development leaving behind large parts of the population.
Calibrating the Wisconsin in the eastern Great Lakes of North America using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of the Quaternary sediments at Sand Hill Park, north shore of Lake Erie, Ontario
Authors: Brookfield Michael E. , Buylaert Jan-Pieter , Murray Andrew
Published: September 2023

The eastern Great Lakes Late Quaternary timescale is based on older thermoluminescence dates and on uncalibrated radiocarbon dates from extensive sections along the north shores of Lakes Erie and Ontario. New optically stimulated luminescence dates from Late Quaternary delta sediments from the north shores of Lake Erie at Sand Hills Park give consistent ages of 23.5 to 20.5 ka. This is 4 to 7 ka older than previously assigned based on lithologic correlation with 16.5 ka calibrated radiocarbon dated sediments 5 km to the west at Vanderven. On the existing eastern Great Lakes stratigraphy, it puts deposition of these Sand Hills Park sediments in the Erie interstadial and not in the fluctuating postglacial glacial retreat of the Mackinaw phase to which the Vanderven sediments belong. The Sand Hills delta and underlying diamicts must have been overridden by the Porty Bruce advance at 18 ka. IntCal20 calibration of existing radiocarbon ages suggests that the physical stratigraphic relations of the various Wisconsin units are accurate and that the existing timescale is simply too young.
Anger, Fear, and the Racialization of News Media Coverage of Protest Activity
Authors: Gause LaGina , Moore Steven T. , Ostfeld Mara Cecilia
Published: September 2023

Black Lives Matter, Occupy Wall Street, and the Tea Party are among the many movements that have reignited media attention to protest activity. Yet, there is much to learn about what this media coverage conveys. In particular, how much does who is protesting matter for how the media portray protesters and their objectives? In this paper, we draw on an extensive content analysis of cable and broadcast news media coverage of protest activities to demonstrate substantial differences in how protests are covered depending on the race and objective of the protesters. We find that media are much more likely to depict protests by people of color using language that evokes a sense of threat by using anger- and fear-laden language than comparable coverage of protest activity involving mostly White individuals. Our results demonstrate that racial biases in news coverage are much broader than previously thought. In doing so, our work highlights the powerful role that a protester’s race plays in whether the media will condone or challenge their political voice.
Kinematics and optimization of a novel 4-DOF two-limb gripper mechanism
Authors: Wang Lin , Fang Yuefa , Zhang Dan , Yang Yi
Published: September 2023

This study presents a novel 4-DOF two-limb gripper mechanism with a simple design that offers high adaptability for different objects. The mechanism integrates a three-finger end effector and employs a 2-DOF driving system in both serial kinematic chains mounted on the base, addressing performance problems caused by moving actuators. First, the architecture of the gripper mechanism is described, and its mobility is verified. Next, the inverse and forward kinematic problems are solved, and the Jacobian matrix is derived to analyze the singularity conditions. The inverse and forward singularity surfaces are plotted. The workspace is investigated using a search method, and two indices, manipulability and dexterity, are studied. The proposed manipulator’s parameters are optimized for improved dexterity. The novel gripper mechanism has high potential for grasping different types of parts within a large workspace, making it a valuable addition to the field of robotics.
Research on workspace visual-based continuous switching sliding mode control for cable-driven parallel robots
Authors: Qian Sen , Zhao Zeyao , Qian Pengfei , Wang Zhengyu , Zi Bin
Published: September 2023

Achieving the high-precision control of cable-driven parallel robots (CDPRs) is complex because of their structural properties. In this paper, a quintessential redundant CDPR is designed as the research subject, and a continuous switching sliding mode controller based on workspace vision is implemented to enhance the accuracy and stability of trajectory tracking. In addition, a virtual prototype of the CDPR with uncertainties is created in the simulation analysis software ADAMS, and co-simulation is performed with the control system designed in Simulink to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy. Furthermore, a CDPR platform is established for trajectory tracking experiments using the visual-based position feedback method. The trajectory tracking performance with the three control schemes is then evaluated. The experimental results show that the continuous switching sliding mode control algorithm can significantly decrease trajectory tracking errors and exhibit superior trajectory tracking performance compared to the other control strategies.
Generalised solution to a 2D parabolic-parabolic chemotaxis system for urban crime: Global existence and large-time behaviour
Authors: Li Bin , Xie Li
Published: September 2023

We consider a parabolic-parabolic chemotaxis system with singular chemotactic sensitivity and source functions, which is originally introduced by Short et al to model the spatio-temporal behaviour of urban criminal activities with the particular value of the chemotactic sensitivity parameter
$\chi =2$
. The available analytical findings for this urban crime model including
$\chi =2$
are restricted either to one-dimensional setting, or to initial data and source functions with appropriate smallness, or to initial data and source functions with some radial symmetry. In the present work, our first result asserts that for any
$\chi \gt 0$
the initial-boundary value problem of this urban crime model possesses a global generalised solution in the two-dimensional setting, without imposing any small or radial conditions on initial data and source functions. Our second result presents the asymptotic behaviour of such solution, under some additional assumptions on source functions.
Serum anti-Müllerian hormone concentrations are related to embryo development: lessons from time-lapse imaging
Authors: Setti Amanda Souza , Braga Daniela Paes de Almeida Ferreira , Guilherme Patricia , Iaconelli Assumpto , Borges Edson
Published: September 2023

Our objective was to study whether serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) concentrations were associated with embryo morphokinetic events. This retrospective cohort study was performed in a private university-affiliated in vitro fertilization centre between March 2019 and December 2020 and included 902 oocytes cultured in a time-lapse imaging incubator, obtained from 114 intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles performed. The relationship between AMH concentrations and morphokinetic events was investigated by considering the clustering of data (multiple embryos/patient). Evaluated kinetic markers were time to pronuclei appearance (tPNa) and fading (tPNf), time to two (t2), three (t3), four (t4), five (t5), six (t6), seven (t7), and eight cells (t8), (tSB) and time to the start of blastulation (tSB) and to blastulation (tB). Significant inverse relationships were observed between serum AMH concentrations and tPNf, t3, t4, t5, t6, t7, t8, and tB. The AMH was positively correlated with the KIDScore and implantation rate. Increased serum AMH concentrations correlated with faster embryo development. The clinical implications of this effect on embryo development warrant further investigation.
Homeownership rates, housing policies, and co-residence decisions
Authors: Grevenbrock Nils , Ludwig Alexander , Siassi Nawid
Published: September 2023

Homeownership rates differ widely across European countries. We document that part of this variation is driven by differences in the fraction of adults co-residing with their parents. Comparing Germany and Italy, we show that in contrast to homeownership rates per household, homeownership rates per individual are very similar during the first part of the life cycle. To understand these patterns, we build an overlapping-generations model where individuals face uninsurable income risk and make consumption-saving and housing tenure decisions. We embed an explicit intergenerational link between children and parents to capture the three-way trade-off between owning, renting, and co-residing. Calibrating the model to Germany we explore the role of income profiles, housing policies, and the taste for independence and show that a combination of these factors goes a long way in explaining the differential life-cycle patterns of living arrangements between the two countries.
Land-price dynamics and macroeconomic fluctuations with general household preferences
Authors: Chen Been-Lon , Lai Zheng-Ze , Liao Shian-Yu
Published: September 2023

Through the collateral channel for entrepreneurs, a positive housing demand shock in Liu et al. [(2013) Econometrica 81, 1147–1184.] increases land prices and business investment, but consumption decreases on impact and there is thus a comovement problem. This paper improves Liu et al. [(2013) Econometrica 81, 1147–1184.] by adding general household preferences with broader intratemporal and intertemporal substitutions Bayesian estimation of our structural model based on aggregate US data suggests that the intratemporal substitution is larger than unity and the intertemporal substitution is smaller than unity. Our impulse responses show that a positive housing demand shock increases land prices, business investment, and consumption, which resolves the comovement problem. Moreover, the strength of the collateral channel linking land prices and business investment in our Bayesian DSGE model is larger than that in Liu et al. [(2013) Econometrica 81, 1147–1184.]. Housing demand shocks explain 39−43% of the variance of output and 41−47% of the variance of investment in our model, but the same shocks explain only 17−31% of the variance of output and 30−41% of the variance of investment in Liu et al. [(2013) Econometrica 81, 1147–1184.]. Variance decomposition reveals that housing demand shocks account for a larger share of the fluctuations in land prices, investment, employment, and output than other shocks. Using the marginal data density as the measure of fit for models, we find that our model can better explain the same US aggregate data.
The extent and nature of children’s involvement in food practice research: a scoping review of qualitative studies
Authors: Wright-Pedersen Sophie , Vidgen Helen , Abigail Badejo Foluke , Gallegos Danielle
Published: September 2023

Objective:

Aligning with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, amplification of children’s voice in food practice research aims to inform initiatives that cater to children’s needs and thus improve nutritional outcomes. The aim of this study was to describe children’s (aged 6–11 years) involvement across qualitative research investigating their food practice perspectives.

Design:

A scoping review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Six electronic databases were searched up until March 2023 (Cochrane, CINAHL, Embase, ERIC, Medline and PsychInfo). The Wellcome Framework for young people’s involvement in health research guided data extraction. Data were described according to inclusiveness, geography, food-related study topic, research stage and method, and child involvement.

Results:

The search identified 120 peer-reviewed studies (134 papers). Active participation was only seen within research implementation stages (i.e. data collection (n134), analysis (n31), dissemination (n9) and re-design (n7)). More passive forms of participation were identified in research design stages (i.e. agenda setting, resourcing and design). Studies that utilised participatory research methodologies and developmentally appropriate and engaging methods (e.g. PhotoVoice) saw more active participation by children.

Conclusion:

This review identified a lack of opportunities for children’s active participation in all stages of food practice research. Without a radical shift towards providing these opportunities, food and nutrition initiatives, policies or further research that do not meet the needs of children’s food-related worlds will continue to be developed. Instead, researchers and their institutions need to advocate for and, where possible, provide voluntary opportunities for children to actively participate in food practice research.
Auf und ab
Authors: Selge Johanna , Hillerzeder Lea , Hillerzeder Maximilian
Published: September 2023

Noah hat sich in seinem abgedunkelten Zimmer verschanzt, wie schon so oft seit der Sache am Baggersee. Verzweifelt umklammert er sein Handy, auf dem das Foto zu sehen ist. „Wie kann ich diese Sache bloß wieder geradebiegen?“, überlegt er fieberhaft. Nicht einmal das Maunzen seines immer hungrigen Katers nimmt er wahr.

Das ist auch leider nicht die einzige vertrackte Situation, mit der sich der 16-Jährige konfrontiert sieht. Mira will jetzt bestimmt kein Wort mehr mit ihm reden, dabei lief es gerade eigentlich so gut zwischen ihnen. Vielleicht hat sein Kumpel Leo recht und er ist einfach ein Softie. Normal ist das ja auch nicht, dass einem vor der Klasse das Herz dermaßen hämmert und dann einfach die Luft wegbleibt. Er weiß gerade echt nicht, mit wem er über sowas reden kann, denn eigentlich ist ja „gar nichts Schlimmes“ passiert, oder? Seine Eltern würden ihn da jedenfalls nicht verstehen.

Wie soll es weitergehen? Du als Leser*in kannst mitentscheiden. Außerdem findest du im Anschluss an die Geschichte viele Infos und Strategien zu Depressionen, Ängsten und psychischer Gesundheit im Allgemeinen. Dabei werden auch Fragen beantwortet wie „Was kann ich tun, wenn mich meine Gedanken nicht einschlafen lassen?“ oder „Wie kommt man aus einem Stimmungstief wieder heraus?“
Chronische körperliche Erkrankungen
Authors: Reuner Gitta , Gräßer Melanie
Published: September 2023

Chronische körperliche Erkrankungen, wie z.B. Asthma bronchiale, Diabetes mellitus, Epilepsie, Migräne, Morbus Crohn, Mukoviszidose oder Rheuma, betreffen eine große Zahl von Kindern und Jugendlichen. Viele von ihnen entwickeln von selbst die Kraft, um mit den zusätzlichen Herausforderungen und Belastungen zu leben, andere benötigen Unterstützung. Chronische körperliche Erkrankung können u.a. durch das Erleben von Kontrollverlust, durch Ängste oder durch die Einschränkung sozialer Kontakte erhebliche Auswirkungen auf das psychische Befinden haben. In manchen Fällen kann eine Kinder- und Jugendlichenpsychotherapie angebracht sein, um notwendige Anpassungsprozesse zu unterstützen.
Der Leitfaden fasst den Stand der Forschung zu wichtigen Aspekten bei chronischen körperlichen Erkrankungen zusammen. Er gibt für die Psychotherapie relevante Informationen zu einer breiten Auswahl chronischer Erkrankungen. Kernstück des Leitfadens sind Leitlinien zum diagnostischen und therapeutischen Vorgehen, zur Verlaufskontrolle, Behandlungsplanung und zur Transition in die Erwachsenenmedizin. Weiterhin wird ein Überblick über diagnostische Verfahren und Interventionsprogramme gegeben und auf die Bedeutung der interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit eingegangen. Zahlreiche Materialien, die in der Behandlung eingesetzt werden können, werden zur Verfügung gestellt. Unterschiedliche Fallbeispiele illustrieren die Umsetzung der Leitlinien in den therapeutischen Praxisalltag. Ziel des Leitfadens ist es, die psychotherapeutische Versorgung von chronisch körperlich kranken Kindern und Jugendliche zu verbessern und Psychotherapeutinnen und Psychotherapeuten in ihrer Arbeit zu unterstützen.
Integrating Digital Tools Into Children’s Mental Health Care
Authors: Jones Deborah J. , Anton Margaret T.
Published: September 2023

Practitioners need to know the evidence behind using digital mental health approaches and tools, including telemental health visits. This accessible book provides that help, as the authors guide the reader through the rationale, options, and strategies for incorporating digital tools into children’s mental health care, drawing on their extensive knowledge of both current research and clinical practice. They outline the leading theoretical approaches that highlight mechanisms involved in digital tools increasing access to, engagement in, and outcomes of evidence-based mental health services for children and families. Through clinical vignettes and hands-on exercises included in this Advances in Psychotherapy series volume, mental health providers will gain insight into how to select a digital tool and identify its various uses. The reader is also given the opportunity to explore their own attitudes and comfort with incorporating digital tools into practice with their young clients and their families. Numerous downloadable handouts and forms for clinical use are provided in the appendix.
Impact‐Induced Seafloor Deformation From Submarine Landslides: Diagnostic of Slide Velocity?
Authors: Lenz Brandi L. , Griffith W. Ashley , Sawyer Derek E.
Published: September 2023

Submarine landslides shape continental margins, transfer massive amounts of sediment downslope, and can generate deadly and destructive tsunamis. Submarine landslides are common globally, yet constraining hazard potential of future events is limited by a short historical record and a wide range of possible slide dynamics. We test a novel approach to investigate slide dynamics using properties of the deformation zone induced by a large submarine landslide along the Cascadia margin, offshore Oregon. We use a simple model of a line load on a poroelastic half space to show the deformation zone size required rapid transport and deceleration. We argue that the slide moved at high speeds, aided by low dynamic frictional resistance, suggesting this event could have generated a tsunami. This method is applicable where slide‐induced impact zones are observed.
Two Classes of Equatorial Magnetotail Dipolarization Fronts Observed by Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission: A Statistical Overview
Authors: Alqeeq S. W. , Le Contel O. , Canu P. , Retinò A. , Chust T. , Mirioni L. , Chuvatin A. , Nakamura R. , Ahmadi N. , Wilder F. D. , Gershman D. J. , Khotyaintsev Yu. V. , Lindqvist P.‐A. , Ergun R. E. , Burch J. L. , Torbert R. B. , Fuselier S. A. , Russell C. T. , Wei H. Y. , Strangeway R. J. , Bromund K. R. , Fischer D. , Giles B. L. , Saito Y.
Published: September 2023

We carried out a statistical study of equatorial dipolarization fronts (DFs) detected by the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission during the full 2017 Earth's magnetotail season. We found that two DF classes are distinguished: class I (74.4%) corresponds to the standard DF properties and energy dissipation and a new class II (25.6%). This new class includes the six DF discussed in Alqeeq et al. (2022, https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0069432) and corresponds to a bump of the magnetic field associated with a minimum in the ion and electron pressures and a reversal of the energy conversion process. The possible origin of this second class is discussed. Both DF classes show that the energy conversion process in the spacecraft frame is driven by the diamagnetic current dominated by the ion pressure gradient. In the fluid frame, it is driven by the electron pressure gradient. In addition, we have shown that the energy conversion processes are not homogeneous at the electron scale mostly due to the variations of the electric fields for both DF classes.
A “Boreing” Night of Observations of the Upper Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Over the Andes Lidar Observatory
Authors: Hecht J. H. , Liu A. Z. , Fritts D. C. , Walterscheid R. L. , Gelinas L. J. , Rudy R. J.
Published: September 2023

A very high‐spatial resolution (∼21–23 m pixel at 85 km altitude) OH airglow imager at the Andes Lidar Observatory at Cerro Pachón, Chile observed considerable ducted wave activity on the night of 29–30 October 2016. This instrument was collocated with a Na wind‐temperature lidar that provided data revealing the occurrence of strong ducts. A large field of view OH and greenline airglow imager showed waves present over a vertical extent consistent with the altitudes of the ducting features identified in the lidar profiles. While waves that appeared to be ducted were seen in all imagers throughout the observation interval, the wave train seen in the OH images at earlier times had a distinct leading nonsinusoidal phase followed by several, lower‐amplitude, more sinusoidal phases, suggesting a likely bore. The leading phase exhibited significant dissipation via small‐scale secondary instabilities suggesting vortex rings that progressed rapidly to smaller scales and turbulence (the latter not fully resolved) thereafter. The motions of these small‐scale features were consistent with their location in the duct at or below ∼83–84 km. Bore dissipation caused a momentum flux divergence and a local acceleration of the mean flow within the duct along the direction of the initial bore propagation. A number of these features are consistent with mesospheric bores observed or modeled in previous studies.
Mechanisms Associated With Tropospheric Dry Static Stability Change During the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Xie Zhiang , Dong Li , Liu Kaijun
Published: September 2023

The processes governing tropospheric stratification alterations during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) are investigated using the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project Phase 3/4 (PMIP3/PMIP4) simulations. The results demonstrate a decrease in static stability in the tropics during both December‐January‐February (DJF) and June‐July‐August (JJA), while an increase is observed in the extratropics during DJF. Further analysis reveals that the rise in static stability over high‐latitude ocean is driven by shifts in surface frozen lines, whereas the increased static stability over ice sheet margins is due to the cooling effect of ice sheet slopes. The study finds that the dry static stability change in ice sheet‐covered areas remains significant and robust in both PMIP3 and PMIP4. However, a weaker stabilization signal is detected in the North Atlantic in PMIP4. These findings provide valuable insights into the processes shaping tropospheric stratification during the LGM and underscore the importance of accounting for ice sheet effects in paleoclimate simulations.
Secreted LRPAP1 binds and triggers IFNAR1 degradation to facilitate virus evasion from cellular innate immunity
Authors: Li Huangcan , Wang Xiong , Wang Yiran , Li Yichen , Chen Ying , Wong Yin-Ting , He Jufang , He Ming-Liang
Published: September 2023

The crucial role of interferon (IFN) signaling is well known in the restriction or eradication of pathogen invasion. Viruses take a variety of ways to antagonize host defense through eliminating IFN-signaling intracellularly for decades. However, the way by viruses target IFN-signaling extracellularly has not been discovered. Infection by both coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and enterovirus 71 (EV71 or EV-A71) can cause severe diseases such as neurological disorders and even death in children.1–3 Here, we show evidence that the protease of SARS-CoV-2 (3CLpro) and EV71 (2Apro) upregulates the expression and secretion of LDL-receptor-related protein-associated protein 1 (LRPAP1). As a ligand, the N-terminus of secreted LRPAP1 binds with the extracellular domain of IFNAR1 that triggers the receptor ubiquitination and degradation and promotes virus infection both in vitro, ex vivo in the mouse brain, and in vivo in newborn mice. A small peptide from the N-terminus of LRPAP1 effectively binds and causes IFNAR1 degradation that enhances both DNA and RNA viral infections, including herpesvirus HSV-1, hepatitis B virus (HBV), EV71, and beta-coronavirus HCoV-OC43; whereas α2M, a LRPAP1 inhibitor, arrests virus infections by stabilizing IFNAR1. Our study demonstrates a new mechanism used by viruses for evading host cell immunity, supporting a strategy for developing pan-antiviral drugs.
Identification of a miRNA multi-targeting therapeutic strategy in glioblastoma
Authors: Bassot Arthur , Dragic Helena , Haddad Sarah Al , Moindrot Laurine , Odouard Soline , Corlazzoli Francesca , Marinari Eliana , Bomane Alexandra , Brassens Augustin , Marteyn Antoine , Hibaoui Youssef , Petty Tom J. , Chalabi-Dchar Mounira , Larrouquere Louis , Zdobnov Evgeny M. , Legrand Noémie , Tamburini Jérôme , Lincet Hubert , Castets Marie , Yebra Mayra , Migliorini Denis , Dutoit Valérie , Walker Paul R. , Preynat-Seauve Olivier , Dietrich Pierre-Yves , Cosset Érika
Published: September 2023

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a deadly and the most common primary brain tumor in adults. Due to their regulation of a high number of mRNA transcripts, microRNAs (miRNAs) are key molecules in the control of biological processes and are thereby promising therapeutic targets for GBM patients. In this regard, we recently reported miRNAs as strong modulators of GBM aggressiveness. Here, using an integrative and comprehensive analysis of the TCGA database and the transcriptome of GBM biopsies, we identified three critical and clinically relevant miRNAs for GBM, miR-17-3p, miR-222, and miR-340. In addition, we showed that the combinatorial modulation of three of these miRNAs efficiently inhibited several biological processes in patient-derived GBM cells of all these three GBM subtypes (Mesenchymal, Proneural, Classical), induced cell death, and delayed tumor growth in a mouse tumor model. Finally, in a doxycycline-inducible model, we observed a significant inhibition of GBM stem cell viability and a significant delay of orthotopic tumor growth. Collectively, our results reveal, for the first time, the potential of miR-17-3p, miR-222 and miR-340 multi-targeting as a promising therapeutic strategy for GBM patients.
Elucidating the nature of the proton radioactivity and branching ratio on the first proton emitter discovered 53mCo
Authors: Sarmiento Luis G. , Roger Thomas , Giovinazzo Jérôme , Brown B. Alex , Blank Bertram , Rudolph Dirk , Kankainen Anu , Alvarez-Pol Héctor , Raj Alex Arokia , Ascher Pauline , Block Michael , Caamaño-Fresco Manuel , Caceres Lucia , Canete Laetitia , Cox Daniel M. , Eronen Tommi , Fahlander Claes , Fernández-Domínguez Beatriz , Forsberg Ulrika , Lois-Fuentes Juan , Gerbaux Mathias , Gerl Jürgen , Golubev Pavel , Grévy Stéphane , Grinyer Gwen F. , Habermann Tobias , Hakala Jani , Jokinen Ari , Kamalou Omar , Kojouharov Ivan , Kolhinen Veli S. , Koponen Jukka , Kurz Nikolaus , Lalović Nataša , Lorenz Christian , Mauss Benoit , Mentana Alice , Moore Iain D. , Ortega Moral Aurora , Pancin Julien , Papadakis Philippos , Pibernat Jérôme , Piot Julien , Pohjalainen Ilkka , Reinikainen Juuso , Rinta-Antila Sami , Schaffner Henning , Sorlin Olivier , Stodel Christelle , Thomas Jean-Charles , Versteegen Maud , Voss Annika
Published: September 2023

The observation of a weak proton-emission branch in the decay of the 3174-keV 53mCo isomeric state marked the discovery of proton radioactivity in atomic nuclei in 1970. Here we show, based on the partial half-lives and the decay energies of the possible proton-emission branches, that the exceptionally high angular momentum barriers, $${{{{{{\mathcal{l}}}}}}}_{{{{{{\rm{p}}}}}}}=9$$

l

p

=
9
and $${{{{{{\mathcal{l}}}}}}}_{{{{{{\rm{p}}}}}}}=7$$

l

p

=
7
, play a key role in hindering the proton radioactivity from 53mCo, making them very challenging to observe and calculate. Indeed, experiments had to wait decades for significant advances in accelerator facilities and multi-faceted state-of-the-art decay stations to gain full access to all observables. Combining data taken with the TASISpec decay station at the Accelerator Laboratory of the University of Jyväskylä, Finland, and the ACTAR TPC device on LISE3 at GANIL, France, we measured their branching ratios as bp1 = 1.3(1)% and bp2 = 0.025(4)%. These results were compared to cutting-edge shell-model and barrier penetration calculations. This description reproduces the order of magnitude of the branching ratios and partial half-lives, despite their very small spectroscopic factors.
The road to approved vaccines for respiratory syncytial virus
Authors: Ruckwardt Tracy J.
Published: September 2023

After decades of work, several interventions to prevent severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease in high-risk infant and older adult populations have finally been approved. There were many setbacks along the road to victory. In this review, I will discuss the impact of RSV on human health and how structure-based vaccine design set the stage for numerous RSV countermeasures to advance through late phase clinical evaluation. While there are still many RSV countermeasures in preclinical and early-stage clinical trials, this review will focus on products yielding long-awaited efficacy results. Finally, I will discuss some challenges and next steps needed to declare a global victory against RSV.
Natural capital investments in China undermined by reclamation for cropland
Authors: Kong Lingqiao , Wu Tong , Xiao Yi , Xu Weihua , Zhang Xiaobiao , Daily Gretchen C. , Ouyang Zhiyun
Published: September 2023

Globally, rising food demand has caused widespread biodiversity and ecosystem services loss, prompting growing efforts in ecological protection and restoration. However, these efforts have been significantly undercut by further reclamation for cropland. Focusing on China, the world’s largest grain producer, we found that at the national level from 2000 to 2015, reclamation for cropland undermined gains in wildlife habitat and the ecosystem services of water retention, sandstorm prevention, carbon sequestration and soil retention by 113.8%, 63.4%, 52.5%, 29.0% and 10.2%, respectively. To achieve global sustainability goals, conflicts between inefficient reclamation for cropland and natural capital investment need to be alleviated.
From alternative conceptions of honesty to alternative facts in communications by US politicians
Authors: Lasser Jana , Aroyehun Segun T. , Carrella Fabio , Simchon Almog , Garcia David , Lewandowsky Stephan
Published: September 2023

The spread of online misinformation on social media is increasingly perceived as a problem for societal cohesion and democracy. The role of political leaders in this process has attracted less research attention, even though politicians who ‘speak their mind’ are perceived by segments of the public as authentic and honest even if their statements are unsupported by evidence. By analysing communications by members of the US Congress on Twitter between 2011 and 2022, we show that politicians’ conception of honesty has undergone a distinct shift, with authentic belief speaking that may be decoupled from evidence becoming more prominent and more differentiated from explicitly evidence-based fact speaking. We show that for Republicans—but not Democrats—an increase in belief speaking of 10% is associated with a decrease of 12.8 points of quality (NewsGuard scoring system) in the sources shared in a tweet. In contrast, an increase in fact-speaking language is associated with an increase in quality of sources for both parties. Our study is observational and cannot support causal inferences. However, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the current dissemination of misinformation in political discourse is linked to an alternative understanding of truth and honesty that emphasizes invocation of subjective belief at the expense of reliance on evidence.