bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biologically Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles Ameliorate Cold and Heat Stress-Induced Oxidative Stress in Escherichia coli
Authors: Zhang Xi-Feng , Shen Wei , Gurunathan Sangiliyandi
Published: June 2016

Due to their unique physical, chemical, and optical properties, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have recently attracted much interest in the field of nanomedicine, especially in the areas of cancer diagnosis and photothermal therapy. Because of the enormous potential of these nanoparticles, various physical, chemical, and biological methods have been adopted for their synthesis. Synthetic antioxidants are dangerous to human health. Thus, the search for effective, nontoxic natural compounds with effective antioxidative properties is essential. Although AuNPs have been studied for use in various biological applications, exploration of AuNPs as antioxidants capable of inhibiting oxidative stress induced by heat and cold stress is still warranted. Therefore, one goal of our study was to produce biocompatible AuNPs using biological methods that are simple, nontoxic, biocompatible, and environmentally friendly. Next, we aimed to assess the antioxidative effect of AuNPs against oxidative stress induced by cold and heat in Escherichia coli, which is a suitable model for stress responses involving AuNPs. The response of aerobically grown E. coli cells to cold and heat stress was found to be similar to the oxidative stress response. Upon exposure to cold and heat stress, the viability and metabolic activity of E. coli was significantly reduced compared to the control. In addition, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and leakage of proteins and sugars were significantly elevated, and the levels of lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) significantly lowered compared to in the control. Concomitantly, AuNPs ameliorated cold and heat-induced oxidative stress responses by increasing the expression of antioxidants, including glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), super oxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). These consistent physiology and biochemical data suggest that AuNPs can ameliorate cold and heat stress-induced oxidative damage in E. coli. Our results indicate that AuNPs may be effective antioxidants. However, further studies are needed to confirm the role of AuNPs as antioxidative agents, as well as their mechanism of action.
Fe3+-Doped TiO2 Nanotube Arrays on Ti-Fe Alloys for Enhanced Photoelectrocatalytic Activity
Authors: Yu Jiangdong , Wu Zhi , Gong Cheng , Xiao Wang , Sun Lan , Lin Changjian
Published: June 2016

Highly ordered, vertically oriented Fe3+-doped TiO2 nanotube arrays (Fe-TNTs) were prepared on Ti-Fe alloy substrates with different Fe contents by the electrochemical anodization method. The as-prepared Fe-TNTs were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and related electrochemical techniques. XPS results demonstrated that Fe3+ ions were successfully doped into TiO2 nanotubes. The photoelectrochemical activity of Fe-TNTs was compared with that of pure TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNTs). The results showed that Fe-TNTs grown on low concentration (0.5 wt %–1 wt % Fe) Ti-Fe alloys possessed higher photocurrent density than TNTs. The Fe-TNTs grown on Ti-Fe alloy containing 0.8 wt % Fe exhibited the highest photoelectrochemical activity and the photoelectrocatalytic degradation rate of methylene blue (MB) aqueous solution was significantly higher than that of TNTs.
Feasibility of Multiple Examinations Using 68Ga-Labelled Collagelin Analogues: Organ Distribution in Rat for Extrapolation to Human Organ and Whole-Body Radiation Dosimetry
Authors: Velikyan Irina , Rosenström Ulrika , Bulenga Thomas , Eriksson Olof , Antoni Gunnar
Published: June 2016

Objectives: Fibrosis is involved in many chronic diseases. It affects the functionality of vital organs, such as liver, lung, heart and kidney. Two novel imaging agents for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of fibrosis have previously pre-clinically demonstrated promising target binding and organ distribution characteristics. However, the relevant disease monitoring in the clinical setup would require multiple repetitive examinations per year. Thus, it is of paramount importance to investigate the absorbed doses and total effective doses and thus, the potential maximum number of examinations per year. Methods: Two cyclic peptide (c[CPGRVMHGLHLGDDEGPC]) analogues coupled via an ethylene glycol linker (EG2) to either 2-(4,7-bis(2-(tert-butoxy)-2-oxoethyl)-1,4,7-triazonan-1-yl)acetic acid (NO2A-Col) or 4-(4,7-bis(2-(tert-butoxy)-2-oxoethyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononan-1-yl)-5-(tert-butoxy)-5-oxopentanoic acid (NODAGA-Col) were labelled with 68Ga. The resulting agents, [68Ga]Ga-NO2A-Col and [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-Col, were administered in the tail vein of male and female Sprague–Dawley rats (N = 24). An ex vivo organ distribution study was performed at the 5-, 10-, 20-, 40-, 60- and 120-min time points. The resulting data were extrapolated for the estimation of human organ and total body absorbed and total effective doses using Organ Level Internal Dose Assessment Code software (OLINDA/EXM 1.1) assuming a similar organ distribution pattern between the species. Time-integrated radioactivity in each organ was calculated by trapezoidal integration followed by a single-exponential fit to the data points extrapolated to infinity. The resulting values were used for the residence time calculation. Results: Ex vivo organ distribution data revealed fast blood clearance and washout from most of the organs. Although the highest organ absorbed dose was found for kidneys (0.1 mGy/MBq), this organ was not the dose-limiting one and would allow for the administration of over 1460 MBq per year for both [68Ga]Ga-NO2A-Col and [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-Col. The total effective dose was the limiting parameter with 0.0155/0.0156 (female/male) mSv/MBq and 0.0164/0.0158 (female/male) mSv/MBq, respectively, for [68Ga]Ga-NO2A-Col and [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-Col. This corresponded to the total amount of radioactivity that could be administered per year of 643 and 621 MBq before reaching the annual limit of 10 mSv. Thus, up to six examinations would be possible. The residence time and organ absorbed doses in liver and spleen were higher for [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-Col as compared to [68Ga]Ga-NO2A-Col. Conclusion: The limiting parameter for the administered dose was the total effective dose that would allow for at least six examinations per year that might be sufficient for adequate disease monitoring in longitudinal studies and a routine clinical setup.
Polymers in Cartilage Defect Repair of the Knee: Current Status and Future Prospects
Authors: Jeuken Ralph , Roth Alex , Peters Ruud , Van Donkelaar Corrinus , Thies Jens , Van Rhijn Lodewijk , Emans Pieter
Published: June 2016

Cartilage defects in the knee are often seen in young and active patients. There is a need for effective joint preserving treatments in patients suffering from cartilage defects, as untreated defects often lead to osteoarthritis. Within the last two decades, tissue engineering based techniques using a wide variety of polymers, cell sources, and signaling molecules have been evaluated. We start this review with basic background information on cartilage structure, its intrinsic repair, and an overview of the cartilage repair treatments from a historical perspective. Next, we thoroughly discuss polymer construct components and their current use in commercially available constructs. Finally, we provide an in-depth discussion about construct considerations such as degradation rates, cell sources, mechanical properties, joint homeostasis, and non-degradable/hybrid resurfacing techniques. As future prospects in cartilage repair, we foresee developments in three areas: first, further optimization of degradable scaffolds towards more biomimetic grafts and improved joint environment. Second, we predict that patient-specific non-degradable resurfacing implants will become increasingly applied and will provide a feasible treatment for older patients or failed regenerative treatments. Third, we foresee an increase of interest in hybrid construct, which combines degradable with non-degradable materials.
A Review of Dynamic Models of Hot-Melt Extrusion
Authors: Grimard Jonathan , Dewasme Laurent , Vande Wouwer Alain
Published: June 2016

Hot-melt extrusion is commonly applied for forming products, ranging from metals to plastics, rubber and clay composites. It is also increasingly used for the production of pharmaceuticals, such as granules, pellets and tablets. In this context, mathematical modeling plays an important role to determine the best process operating conditions, but also to possibly develop software sensors or controllers. The early models were essentially black-box and relied on the measurement of the residence time distribution. Current models involve mass, energy and momentum balances and consists of (partial) differential equations. This paper presents a literature review of a range of existing models. A common case study is considered to illustrate the predictive capability of the main candidate models, programmed in a simulation environment (e.g., MATLAB). Finally, a comprehensive distributed parameter model capturing the main phenomena is proposed.
Pedestrian Detection at Day/Night Time with Visible and FIR Cameras: A Comparison
Authors: González Alejandro , Fang Zhijie , Socarras Yainuvis , Serrat Joan , Vázquez David , Xu Jiaolong , López Antonio
Published: June 2016

Despite all the significant advances in pedestrian detection brought by computer vision for driving assistance, it is still a challenging problem. One reason is the extremely varying lighting conditions under which such a detector should operate, namely day and nighttime. Recent research has shown that the combination of visible and non-visible imaging modalities may increase detection accuracy, where the infrared spectrum plays a critical role. The goal of this paper is to assess the accuracy gain of different pedestrian models (holistic, part-based, patch-based) when training with images in the far infrared spectrum. Specifically, we want to compare detection accuracy on test images recorded at day and nighttime if trained (and tested) using (a) plain color images; (b) just infrared images; and (c) both of them. In order to obtain results for the last item, we propose an early fusion approach to combine features from both modalities. We base the evaluation on a new dataset that we have built for this purpose as well as on the publicly available KAIST multispectral dataset.
Point Cloud Based Relative Pose Estimation of a Satellite in Close Range
Authors: Liu Lujiang , Zhao Gaopeng , Bo Yuming
Published: June 2016

Determination of the relative pose of satellites is essential in space rendezvous operations and on-orbit servicing missions. The key problems are the adoption of suitable sensor on board of a chaser and efficient techniques for pose estimation. This paper aims to estimate the pose of a target satellite in close range on the basis of its known model by using point cloud data generated by a flash LIDAR sensor. A novel model based pose estimation method is proposed; it includes a fast and reliable pose initial acquisition method based on global optimal searching by processing the dense point cloud data directly, and a pose tracking method based on Iterative Closest Point algorithm. Also, a simulation system is presented in this paper in order to evaluate the performance of the sensor and generate simulated sensor point cloud data. It also provides truth pose of the test target so that the pose estimation error can be quantified. To investigate the effectiveness of the proposed approach and achievable pose accuracy, numerical simulation experiments are performed; results demonstrate algorithm capability of operating with point cloud directly and large pose variations. Also, a field testing experiment is conducted and results show that the proposed method is effective.
Determination of Specific Losses in the Limbs of an Epstein Frame Using a Three Epstein Frame Methodology Applied to Grain Oriented Electrical Steels
Authors: Parent Guillaume , Penin Rémi , Lecointe Jean-Philippe , Brudny Jean-François , Belgrand Thierry
Published: June 2016

An experimental method to characterize the magnetic properties of Grain Oriented Electrical Steel in the rolling direction is proposed in this paper. It relies on the use of three 25 cm Epstein frames combined to generate three test-frames of different lengths. This enables the identification of the effective specific losses of the electrical steel when magnetization is applied along the rolling direction. As a consequence, it evidences the deviation of the loss figures obtained using the standardised Epstein test. The difference in losses is explained by the fact that the described method gives “only” the losses attached to the straight parts. The concept of the magnetic path length as defined by the standard is discussed.
Local Strategy Combined with a Wavelength Selection Method for Multivariate Calibration
Authors: Chang Haitao , Zhu Lianqing , Lou Xiaoping , Meng Xiaochen , Guo Yangkuan , Wang Zhongyu
Published: June 2016

One of the essential factors influencing the prediction accuracy of multivariate calibration models is the quality of the calibration data. A local regression strategy, together with a wavelength selection approach, is proposed to build the multivariate calibration models based on partial least squares regression. The local algorithm is applied to create a calibration set of spectra similar to the spectrum of an unknown sample; the synthetic degree of grey relation coefficient is used to evaluate the similarity. A wavelength selection method based on simple-to-use interactive self-modeling mixture analysis minimizes the influence of noisy variables, and the most informative variables of the most similar samples are selected to build the multivariate calibration model based on partial least squares regression. To validate the performance of the proposed method, ultraviolet-visible absorbance spectra of mixed solutions of food coloring analytes in a concentration range of 20–200 µg/mL is measured. Experimental results show that the proposed method can not only enhance the prediction accuracy of the calibration model, but also greatly reduce its complexity.
Dynamic Ecological Risk Assessment and Management of Land Use in the Middle Reaches of the Heihe River Based on Landscape Patterns and Spatial Statistics
Authors: Fan Jiahui , Wang Ya , Zhou Zhen , You Nanshan , Meng Jijun
Published: June 2016

Land use profoundly changes the terrestrial ecosystem and landscape patterns, and these changes reveal the extent and scope of the ecological influence of land use on the terrestrial ecosystem. The study area selected for this research was the middle reaches of the Heihe River. Based on land use data (1986, 2000, and 2014), we proposed an ecological risk index of land use by combining a landscape disturbance index with a landscape fragility index. An exponential model was selected to perform kriging interpolation, as well as spatial autocorrelations and semivariance analyses which could reveal the spatial aggregation patterns. The results indicated that the ecological risk of the middle reaches of the Heihe River was generally high, and higher in the northwest. The high values of the ecological risk index (ERI) tended to decrease, and the low ERI values tended to increase. Positive spatial autocorrelations and a prominent scale-dependence were observed among the ERI values. The main hot areas with High-High local autocorrelations were located in the north, and the cold areas with low-low local autocorrelations were primarily located in the middle corridor plain and Qilian Mountains. From 1986 to 2014, low and relatively low ecological risk areas decreased while relatively high risk areas expanded. A middle level of ecological risk was observed in Ganzhou and Minle counties. Shandan County presented a serious polarization, with high ecological risk areas observed in the north and low ecological risk areas observed in the southern Shandan horse farm. In order to lower the eco-risk and achieve the sustainability of land use, these results suggest policies to strictly control the oasis expansion and the occupation of farmland for urbanization. Some inefficient farmland should transform into grassland in appropriate cases.
Optimization of an Improved Intermodal Transit Model Equipped with Feeder Bus and Railway Systems Using Metaheuristics Approaches
Authors: Almasi Mohammad , Sadollah Ali , Kang Seungmo , Karim Mohamed
Published: June 2016

One of the serious concerns in network design is creating an efficient and appropriate network capable of efficiently migrating the passenger’s mode of transportation from private to public. The main goal of this study is to present an improved model for combining the feeder bus network design system and the railway transit system while minimizing total cost. In this study, the imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) and the water cycle algorithm (WCA) were employed to optimize feeder bus and railway services. The case study and input data were based on a real transit network in Petaling Jaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Numerical results for the proposed model, including the optimal solution, statistical optimization results and the convergence rate, as well as comparisons are discussed in detail.
The Effects of Five Forms of Capital on Thought Processes Underlying Water Consumption Behavior in Suburban Vientiane
Authors: Makino Tatsuya , Noda Keigo , Keokhamphui Keoduangchai , Hamada Hiromasa , Oki Kazuo , Oki Taikan
Published: June 2016

A community’s water supply is one of its most important infrastructures, as sufficient quality and quantity of water are as much prerequisites for human life as economic development. The rapid urbanization predicted for developing countries will cause serious water shortages in densely populated areas. The Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR) is taking precautions by planning and developing their water supply infrastructure to ensure reliable supply of water. We used the five capitals model of sustainable livelihoods to capture how a household makes a living and analyzed the effects of five forms of capital (natural, physical, human, financial, and social) on water consumption behaviors from the perspective of the residents’ livelihood. We conducted a survey to gain an understanding of the thought processes behind water consumption behavior in two villages in suburban Vientiane. The results indicated that natural and physical capital delayed connections to the water supply. Financial capital stimulated the purchase of high-quality water in preference to a connection to the water supply. This lack of connection is not necessarily sustainable in the near future, considering ongoing urbanization. Furthermore, this possibility presents a difficult problem, as residents do not usually acknowledge it. To accomplish sustainable development goals, this gap should be overcome.
Evaluation of the Impact of Mild Steaming and Heat Treatment on the Concentration of Okadaic Acid, Dinophysistoxin-2 and Dinophysistoxin-3 in Mussels
Authors: Rodríguez Inés , Alfonso Amparo , Antelo Alvaro , Alvarez Mercedes , Botana Luis
Published: June 2016

This study explores the effect of laboratory and industrial steaming on mussels with toxin concentrations above and below the legal limit. We used mild conditions for steaming, 100 °C for 5 min in industrial processing, and up to 20 min in small-scale laboratory steaming. Also, we studied the effect of heat on the toxin concentration of mussels obtained from two different locations and the effect of heat on the levels of dinophysistoxins 3 (DTX3) in both the mussel matrix and in pure form (7-O-palmitoyl okadaic ester and 7-O-palmytoleyl okadaic ester). The results show that the loss of water due to steaming was very small with a maximum of 9.5%, that the toxin content remained unchanged with no concentration effect or increase in toxicity, and that dinophysistoxins 3 was hydrolyzed or degraded to a certain extent under heat treatment. The use of liquid-certified matrix showed a 55% decrease of dinophysistoxins 3 after 10 min steaming, and a 50% reduction in total toxicity after treatment with an autoclave (121 °C for 20 min).
Sequence Instability in the Proviral Long Terminal Repeat and gag Regions from Peripheral Blood and Tissue-Derived Leukocytes of FIV-Infected Cats during the Late Asymptomatic Phase
Authors: Eckstrand Christina , Hillman Chadwick , Murphy Brian
Published: June 2016

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection results in viral persistence, a prolonged asymptomatic phase, and progressive immunopathology. During the asymptomatic phase, a cohort of experimentally FIV-infected cats exhibits features of viral latency in blood suggestive of inactive viral replication. We sought to investigate viral replication activity and genomic stability of the FIV proviral long terminal repeat (LTR) and the 5′ aspect of gag over time. FIV-infected cats during the asymptomatic phase demonstrated undetectable plasma FIV gag RNA transcripts and intermittent to undetectable blood-derived cell-associated FIV gag RNA. The LTR sequence demonstrated instability in blood-derived cells over time, in spite of low to undetectable viral replication. Sequence variation in the LTR was identified in CD4+ and CD21+ leukocytes from blood and surgically removed lymph nodes. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the LTR were commonly identified. Promoter functionality of a common LTR SNP and rare U3 mutation were examined by reporter gene assays and demonstrated either no change or increased basal FIV promoter function, respectively. In conclusion, this cohort of asymptomatic FIV-infected cats demonstrated instability of the LTR and 5’ gag sequences during the study period, in spite of undetectable plasma and rare to undetectable viral gag RNA, which suggests that blood may not accurately represent viral activity in asymptomatic FIV-infected cats.
L'autorité judiciaire de la prévôté-le-comte de Valenciennes sur les échevinages ruraux (deuxième moitié du XIVe siècle).
Authors: Pavot Catherine
Published: June 2016

De rechtsmacht van het grafelijk provoostambt van Valenciennes op de landelijke schepenbanken (tweede helft 15de eeuw).

De boekhouding van het gerecht van het grafelijk provoostschap van Valenciennes toont het verschil tussen het henegouwse recht en de rechtspraak van van de omringende landelijke schepenbanken. Het recht herstellen was niet alleen een strijd van de grafelijke provoost tegen de onregelmatigheden of de onwetenheid van de rurale schepenen. Het gerecht heeft, naast een lucratief belang, ook een politieke draagkracht in de strijd tussen de graaf en het machtige magistraat van Valenciennes. Dat staat op zijn onafhankelijkheid en kan zijn invloed in 300 dorpen laten gelden.
Une invention empirique : le frein du moulin flamand.
Authors: Coutant Yves
Published: June 2016

Contrairement à l'eau, dont l'arrivée au moulin peut être coupée, le vent ne peut pas être arrêté. C'est pourquoi il fallut imaginer un système capable d'immobiliser le moulin à vent. Le « frein » se compose essentiellement d'une ceinture entourant le rouet et d'un levier permettant de la serrer et de la desserrer. Au début du XVe siècle, deux genres de ceintures (frein à planche et frein à patins) coexistaient. Selon le mode de fixation de cette ceinture, on distingue le frein à appui, le frein à lèvre et le frein « flamand », le seul qui fasse à peu près le tour complet du rouet. Les textes d'archives suggèrent que ce frein flamand aurait vu le jour dans les régions méridionales de la Flandre vers la fin du XIVe siècle. Il avait tant d'avantages, que, malgré la résistance de certains « traditionalistes», il se répandit assez vite (Gand 1475, Axel 1522...) et remplaça graduellement le frein à lèvre dans les régions qu'il conquérait.
La Scarpe et les gens de rivière aux XIVe et XVe siècles.
Authors: Plouchard Philippe
Published: June 2016

Comme tous les fleuves du Moyen Age, la Scarpe était une de ces artères vitales où s'écoulaient les grands flux commerciaux. Elle était devenue indispensable pour le grand commerce céréalier réunissant les zones de production au Sud du fleuve et les marchés de consommateurs des grandes villes de la Flandre septentrionale. Pièce maîtresse de l'économie douaisienne de la fin du Moyen Age, la navigation reçut un appui inconditionnel du magistrat de la ville. Toute entrave à la « libre navigation » était aussitôt interprétée comme une agression contre la cité et suscitait une vive réaction des autorités. Pour éviter ces écueils, Douai s'efforçait de développer une politique de contrôle de la rivière en amont comme en aval.

Aux « travailleurs de la terre » des plateaux voisins correspondaient les « travailleurs de l'eau » de la vallée. Et d'abord, les métiers de la navigation fluviale (navieurs, haleurs, charpentiers de nefs) qui occupaient une grande partie des gens de rivière et s'étaient organisés et structurés pour faire face à la concurrence et défendre droits et privilèges. Face à ces exploitants mobiles de la Scarpe, défenseurs de la libre circulation, se retrouvaient répartis au long de la rivière les semeurs d'obstacles, les pêcheurs, les meuniers et les agents seigneuriaux des péages. Les eaux de la Scarpe et de son réseau hydrographique devenaient la source même de très nombreux conflits dont le règlement était finalement confié à la justice. Une aubaine pour l'historien d'aujourd'hui !
Une ville face à la lèpre : Lille à la fin du Moyen Age.
Authors: Clauzel Denis
Published: June 2016

Hantise des gens du Moyen Age, la lèpre a retenu l'attention des historiens. Mais si le mal est bien connu, les gens qui en sont atteints, ou supposés tels, conservent l'anonymat. La documentation financière, particulièrement riche à Lille, permet de lever en partie ce voile.

Ici, la lèpre, en dépit de son obsolescence, continue de faire peur à la fin du Moyen Age. Chacune des grandes mortalités qui assombrissent le XIVe siècle s'accompagne d'une fièvre de dépistage des ladres. Coupable en puissance, le lépreux est le bouc émissaire tout désigné d'une société incapable de comprendre les maux qui l'assaillent.

Mais graduellement, les gens « mis en examen » sont de moins en moins nombreux et, au terme de diagnostics savamment « rodés », de plus en plus souvent relaxés. Les victimes des mesures d'exclusion propres au traitement de la lèpre se raréfient. Elles peuvent aussi, selon la position qu'elles occupent dans l'échelle sociale, bénéficier de certaines faveurs, notamment d'une hospitalisation hors des cadres traditionnellement prévus à cet effet.
Un emprunt « forcé » à Arras en 1433.
Authors: Coulon Laurent
Published: June 2016

Les demandes pressantes de subsides de la part du prince, surtout en période de guerre, obligent les villes à y faire face le plus souvent dans l'urgence. Faute de moyens disponibles dans l'immédiat, un des recours les plus fréquents est l'émission de rentes viagères. L'emprunt auprès de quelques riches particuliers est également utilisé. Plus rare est l'emprunt forcé auprès d'une large partie de la bourgeoisie. Pour Arras nous en connaissons deux : celui de 1421, édité par Claudine et Pierre Bougard, et celui de 1433 dont la liste, hélas incomplète, des prêteurs est présentée ici.
De l'ombre à la lumière. Germain Picavet, bourgeois de Lille, clerc de la gouvernance, scribe occasionnel de Philippe le Bon (1454)
Authors: Schandel Pascal
Published: June 2016

Parmi les ouvrages de la bibliothèque de Philippe le Bon, duc de Bourgogne, figurait un exemplaire illustré du Livre d'Eracles (Bruxelles, Bibliothèque Royale, ms. 9045) où Germain Picavet laissa trois fois son nom. Auteur de grandes initiales, ornées d'extraordinaires jeux de plumes, ce copiste s'avère être lillois. Originaire de la campagne voisine, bourgeois de Lille en 1431, greffier de la gouvernance de Lille, Douai et Orchies de 1443 à 1466, puis conseiller de la même institution, Picavet mène sa carrière au service du duc de Bourgogne, et pousse socialement de l'avant ses nombreux enfants. Sa qualité de clerc le rend apte à la copie du manuscrit ; et l'importance de son emploi l'autorise à signer la transcription de cette histoire des croisades avant d'en faire don. L'occasion se présente en 1454, en rapport avec le banquet du Faisan, qui se tient à Lille au château de la Salle, siège de la gouvernance. L'identification de Picavet, qui permet de dater et de localiser un manuscrit spécifique, révèle, telle la pointe de l'iceberg, la part insaisissable et mésestimée du personnel administratif dans la copie des manuscrits ducaux. Enfin, par sa fonction, Picavet est le pendant de Simon Nockart, « premier clerc du bailliage de Hainaut », davantage connu parce qu'instigateur de la traduction des Chroniques de Hainaut vers 1446. A quelques années de distance et dans des contextes politiques différents, les deux hommes, proches du pouvoir et à sa disposition, participent chacun à l'entreprise de légitimation du prince.
L'immigration et les étrangers dans les débats électoraux des années trente : le cas d'un département frontalier, les Ardennes
Authors: Pierre Claudine
Published: June 2016

De immigratie en de vreemdelingen in de verkiezingsdebatten van de jaren 30 : een grensdepartement, de Ardennen.

Een groot aantal buitenlanders kwam zich in het Interbellum vestigen in het geïndustrialiseerde grensdepartement, de Ardennen. Als de eerste tekenen van de econo- mische crisis opduiken heeft men het over de voorrang van de nationale arbeid, Zodra de grote crisis uitbreekt is dat een onmiskenbaar hoodfdthema in de verkiezingsstrijd van 1932 en 1936. Elke politieke famile grijpt, in een andere graad, dit thema aan ; in 1932 als men een wet voorbereidt op de beperking van buitenlandse arbeiders zijn de radicalen het meest actief, terwijl de rechterzijde zich volop engageert in 1936. Het lijdt geen twijfel dat dit thema het meest aanslaat in het département « La Vallée » waar de openbare opinie de grensarbeider verwerpt en terugdenkt aan de drama's van de bezetting.
Direct formation of gold nanorods on surfaces using polymer-immobilised gold seeds
Authors: Abyaneh Majid K , Parisse Pietro , Casalis Loredana
Published: June 2016

Herein, we present the formation of gold nanorods (GNRs) on novel gold–poly(methyl methacrylate) (Au–PMMA) nanocomposite substrates with unprecedented growth control through the polymer molecular weight (Mw) and gold-salt-to-polymer weight ratio. For the first time, GNRs have been produced by seed-mediated direct growth on surfaces that were pre-coated with polymer-immobilised gold seeds. A Au–PMMA nanocomposite formed by UV photoreduction has been used as the gold seed. The influence of polymer Mw and gold concentration on the formation of GNRs has been investigated and discussed. The polymer nanocomposite formed with a lower Mw PMMA and 20 wt % gold salt provides a suitable medium for growing well-dispersed GNRs. In this sample, the average dimension of produced GNRs is 200 nm in length with aspect ratios up to 10 and a distribution of GNRs to nanoparticles of nearly 22%. Suitable characterization techniques such as AFM and SEM have been used to support concept of the proposed growth method.
THE IMPOSSIBLY EARLY GALAXY PROBLEM
Authors: Steinhardt Charles. L. , Capak Peter , Masters Dan , Speagle Josh S.
Published: June 2016

The current hierarchical merging paradigm and ΛCDM predict that the

universe should be a time in which the most massive galaxies are transitioning from their initial halo assembly to the later baryonic evolution seen in star-forming galaxies and quasars. However, no evidence of this transition has been found in many high-redshift galaxy surveys including CFHTLS, Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Survey (CANDELS), and Spitzer Large Area Survey with Hyper-Suprime-Cam (SPLASH), which were the first studies to probe the high-mass end at these redshifts. Indeed, if halo mass to stellar mass ratios estimated at lower-redshift continue to

, CANDELS and SPLASH report several orders of magnitude more

halos than is possible to have been formed by those redshifts, implying that these massive galaxies formed impossibly early. We consider various systematics in the stellar synthesis models used to estimate physical parameters and possible galaxy formation scenarios in an effort to reconcile observation with theory. Although known uncertainties can greatly reduce the disparity between recent observations and cold dark matter merger simulations, there remains considerable tension with current theory even if taking the most conservative view of the observations.
Two new species of Eretmocerus Haldeman (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) parasitizing Aleurolobus rhododendri Takahashi and Dialeuropora decempunctata (Quaintance & Baker) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) from Taiwan
Authors: Ward Samantha , Shih Yuan Tung , Ko Chiun-Cheng , Polaszek Andrew
Published: June 2016

Species of Eretmocerus Haldeman develop as primary ecto-endoparasites of whiteflies (Rose and Rosen 1992). Currently, the genus Eretmocerus comprises 86 species worldwide, of which 11 species have been previously recorded from Taiwan (Shih et al. 2015). Despite having been recently revised for Taiwan, two new species are here added to the Taiwan fauna.

Two new species, Eretmocerus garrywardi Ward sp. nov. and Eretmocerus liangyihchoui Shih sp. nov. found parasitizing Aleurolobus rhododendri Takahashi and Dialeuropora decempunctata respectively, are described. A key to females of Eretmocerus species occurring in Taiwan is provided.
Proposals for improving evaluation systems in higher education: An approach from the model 'Working with People'
Authors: De los Rios Ignacio , Sastre-Merino Susana , Fernandez Consuelo , Nuñez Cristina , Reyes Encarnacion , Garcia-Arjona Noemi
Published: June 2016

The European Higher Education Area (EHEA) represents a challenge to university teachers to adapt their evaluation systems, directing them towards continuous assessment. The integration of competence-based learning as an educational benchmark has also led to a perspective more focused on student and with complex learning situations closer to reality; however, its evaluation entails an increase in lecturers’ workload and a continuous demand for students due to the diversity of evaluation tests required to assess each aspect of competences. After a period in which the changes have been introduced and within the framework of educational innovations cross-cutting project named "Analysis of the UPM Degree Programmes Evaluation Procedures and Proposal for Improvements" (EVALÚA)", supported by the Educational Innovation Department, the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) considered to analyse the assessment systems and the ways to improve them, at both levels bachelor's and master's degree programmes. The methodology is based on the model "Working with People", which for the first time at the UPM, creates a participatory process with students and lecturers aimed at knowing their opinion and their feelings about the evaluation process and the potential for improvement. Eight focus groups were developed, with 33 students and 39 university teachers in total. The results indicate that the perception of students and lecturers regarding the evaluation systems have many common points, as well as the need to undertake an improvement strategy for integrating actions from all three model dimensions, seeking a balance in joint work among lecturers, university administrators and students.
Reliability and Validity of Two Measures of Toileting Skills in Frail Older Women Without Dementia
Authors: Talley Kristine M.C. , Wyman Jean F. , Olson-Kellogg Becky G. , Bronas Ulf G. , McCarthy Teresa C.
Published: June 2016

Urinary incontinence (UI) affects 43% of frail, community-dwelling older women and threatens their independence. For these women, remaining continent depends on their ability to toilet. Treatments should include improving toileting skills. However, reliable and valid measures of toileting skills are not available to evaluate treatment efforts in this population. The current cross-sectional study of 24 frail older women (average age = 87 years) examines the reliability and concurrent validity of the Performance Oriented Timed Toileting Instrument (POTTI) and self-reported Minnesota Toileting Skills Questionnaire (MTSQ). The POTTI demonstrated strong interrater reliability (0.97) and the MTSQ demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.82). Both measures had statistically significant correlations with frailty, physical performance, UI-related quality of life, and UI self-efficacy. Both instruments demonstrated good psychometric properties and show promise as outcome measures for UI clinical trials. Further work is needed to establish their responsiveness to change and minimum clinically important difference values. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing
,
42
(9), 16–20.]
A Client-Centered Community Engagement Project: Improving the Health and Wellness of Older Adults in an Assisted Living Facility
Authors: Ballantyne-Rice Madeleine , Chopp Kayla , Evans Lisa , Ho Vanessa , Hsiung Wan Ping , Simon Marian Alexandra , Wu Kaiyu , Donnelly Tam Truong
Published: June 2016

Central to nursing practice is the promotion of health and wellness practices. Drawing on the Community as Partner Model, nursing process, Nursing Interventions Classification, and Logic Model, second-year nursing students collaborated with staff and residents of an assisted living facility to promote health and wellness in the older adult population. Windshield surveys, resident surveys, key informant interviews, and focus group interviews were conducted to gain insight into the perceptions and experiences of staff and residents. The majority of residents indicated they were satisfied with life at the facility and their needs have been adequately met. Strengths and areas for improvement were identified in several aspects, including the facility atmosphere and location, quality of staff and health care services, recreational and dietary services, and social support networks. By partnering with community key stakeholders, valuing all different perspectives, and connecting theory to practice, a successful client-centered community clinical project was demonstrated. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 42
(8), 44–51.]
Excision and Reimplantation of the Proximal Humerus After Fracture-Dislocation
Authors: Hanzlik Shane R. , Pearson Sara E. , Caldwell Paul E.
Published: June 2016

Fractures of the proximal humerus are common and the treatment for both displaced and comminuted variants remains controversial. Treatment options initially consisted of closed reduction, traction, casting, and abduction splints. In the early 1930s, operative treatment for displaced fractures gained popularity, which continued in the 1940s and 1950s. Humeral head replacement for severely displaced fractures of the proximal humerus was introduced in the 1950s. In the 1970s, the Association for Osteosynthesis/Association for the Study of Internal Fixation popularized plates and screws for fracture fixation, and humeral head prostheses were redesigned. The traditional management of severely displaced proximal humerus fractures has been with arthroplasty because of the significant risk of osteonecrosis of the humeral head following open reduction and internal fixation. The authors present a case of a 51-year-old right-hand–dominant man who sustained a seizure along with a posteriorly displaced proximal humerus fracture-dislocation of the right upper extremity. This was treated with surgical extrusion of the entire humeral head and subsequent open reduction and internal fixation. During the surgical procedure, the patient's humeral head was completely extruded from the body through a posterior incision and then reduced back to the proximal humerus through the standard anterior deltopectoral approach. After 4 years of follow-up, the patient remains pain free, has functional range of motion, and is without signs of osteonecrosis on plain radiographs. This case illustrates that even with complete disruption of the vascular supply to the humeral head, revascularization after osteosynthesis is possible. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(4):e779–e782.]
Electroretinography and Pupillography in Unilateral Foveal Hypoplasia
Authors: Asakawa Ken , Ishikawa Hitoshi
Published: June 2016

The authors describe a 3-year-old boy with unilateral foveal hypoplasia and an absence of other ocular or systemic findings. Electroretinography obtained predominantly affecting cones. Laterality of pupil constriction to red but not to blue light was observed. The colored-light pupil response can be used to predict the retinal state.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus.
2016;53:e26–e28.]
The Relationship Between Reminiscence Functions, Optimism, Depressive Symptoms, Physical Activity, and Pain in Older Adults
Authors: McDonald Deborah Dillon , Shellman Juliette M. , Graham Lindsey , Harrison Lisa
Published: June 2016

The study purpose was to examine the association between reminiscence functions, optimism, depressive symptoms, physical activity, and pain in older adults with chronic lower extremity osteoarthritis pain. One hundred ninety-five community-dwelling adults were interviewed using the Modified Reminiscence Functions Scale, Brief Pain Inventory, Life Orientation Test-Revised, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Short Depression Scale, and Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly in random counterbalanced order. Structural equation modeling supported chronic pain as positively associated with depressive symptoms and comorbidities and unrelated to physical activity. Depressive symptoms were positively associated with self-negative reminiscence and negatively associated with optimism. Spontaneous reminiscence was not associated with increased physical activity or reduced pain. Individuals may require facilitated integrative reminiscence to assist them in reinterpreting negative memories in a more positive way. Facilitated integrative reminiscence about enjoyed past physical activity is a potential way to increase physical activity, but must be tested in future research.

[Res Gerontol Nurs. 2016; 9(5):223–231.]
Overlooking Informal Dementia Caregivers' Burden
Authors: Riedel Oliver , Klotsche Jens , Wittchen Hans-Ulrich
Published: June 2016

Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) need early caregiver support. Caregivers often have poor health, but usually do not have time to seek medical advice for their own conditions. Patients' physicians, who are frequently the sole medical practitioner caregivers contact regularly, have an important function in recognizing family caregivers' burdens. The current study investigated to what extent medical practitioners recognized family caregivers' problems. In a two-staged survey in neurology outpatient care, caregivers of patients with mild or moderate AD were enrolled and assessed by physicians regarding their physical and mental burden, as well as need for help and advice about AD. Subsequently, caregivers' mental health was evaluated in a comprehensive diagnostic interview by blinded psychologists. Overall, 73.7% of caregivers had at least one somatic condition and 43.7% had clinically relevant depressive symptoms (of these, 37.5% met criteria for major depression). The findings suggest that the burden of a substantial proportion of affected family caregivers is overlooked.

[Res Gerontol Nurs. 2016; 9(4):167–174.]
Contemporary Low Power Design Approaches
Authors: Lee Lini
Published: June 2016

This chapter describes three contemporary low power design approaches; a resistor-less bandgap reference circuit, a hybrid voltage level shifter with a diode connected NMOS and a modified dynamic comparator, each design with the objective to demonstrate the feasibility of contemporary approaches in achieving lower power VLSI design. All three designs are simulated in 0.18 µm CMOS technology using industrial simulation tool and the results are based on performance parameters defined in the chapter.
State-of-the-Art Master Slave Flip-Flop Designs for Low Power VLSI Systems
Authors: Singh Kunwar , Tiwari Satish Chandra , Gupta Maneesha
Published: June 2016

This chapter presents a comprehensive overview of the conventional fully static master slave flip-flops used in low power VLSI systems where power budget is critical. In addition, the chapter also presents alternative realization of fully static master-slave flip-flops utilizing a modified feedback strategy. The flip-flops designed on the basis of modified architecture have been explained in detail and compared with state-of-the-art master slave flip-flop designs available in the literature. Extensive capacitance calculations have been performed in terms of clock load and capacitance at internal nodes has also been estimated for all the flip-flop configurations. This is executed in order to compare their relative power and delay characteristics which are well supported by simulation results.
Signal-Adaptive Analog-to-Digital Converters for ULP Wearable and Implantable Medical Devices
Authors: Artan Nabi Sertac
Published: June 2016

The mission of this chapter is to introduce the reader the recent developments in the design of ultra-Low Power ADCs for Wearable and Implantable Medical Devices (WIMDs). The focus of this chapter will be on Signal-Adaptive Successive Approximation Register (SAR) ADC architectures and their derivatives, since the majority of the ULP medical devices rely on these architectures. The proposed chapter first provides an overview of the WIMDs, and electrophysiological signals. Then, basic SAR ADCs are introduced followed by the study of adaptive SAR ADCs. The chapter concludes with a brief summary of the other prevalent ADC architecture for WIMDs, namely the Level-Crossing ADCs.
Relationships between Models of Genetic Regulatory Networks with Emphasis on Discrete State Stochastic Models
Authors: Pal Randip
Published: June 2016

Genetic Regulatory Networks (GRNs) represent the interconnections between genomic entities that govern the regulation of gene expression. GRNs have been represented by various types of mathematical models that capture different aspects of the biological system. This chapter discusses the relationships among the most commonly used GRN models that can enable effective integration of diverse types of sub-models. A detailed model in the form of stochastic master equation is described, followed by it coarse-scale and deterministic approximations in the form of Probabilistic Boolean Networks and Ordinary Differential Equation models respectively.
Structural Intervention and External Control for Markovian Regulatory Network Models
Authors: Qian Xiaoning , Pal Ranadip
Published: June 2016

In order to derive system-based methods to control dynamic behavior of biological systems of interest for future gene-based intervention therapeutics, two basic categories of intervention strategies have been studied based on the Markov chain theory and Markov decision processes: Structural intervention by function perturbation and external control based on state perturbation. The chapter reviews the existing network analysis and control methods in these two categories and discusses their extensions for more robust and clinically relevant intervention strategies considering collateral damages from intervention.