bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The historical development of prisons in South Africa: A penological perspective
Authors: Singh S.
Published: February 2024

President Nelson Mandela commented during his time of incarceration1 “Prison not only robs you of your freedom, it attempts to take away your identity. It is by definition a purely authoritarian state that tolerates no independence and individuality. As a freedom fighter and as a man, one must fight against the prison’s attempt to rob one of these qualities.” Historically, the characteristic feature of the development of South African prisons was its resemblance to the mine compound. Such compounds housed mine workers, of whom many were convicts supplied by the prison system. Even by 2006 these remnants of the past are distinct in the large communal cells crammed with rows of beds in which prisoners are housed. It is currently assumed that institutional confinement has always been employed as the usual method of dealing with offenders throughout history. This has been assumed, almost universally, because presently offenders are confined within penal institutions, such as, prisons, reformatories, reform schools and jails. However, the use of institutions for the extended confinement of offenders, as the prevailing method of punishment, is a relatively contemporary innovation and was primarily a product of American influences. The use of the prison as an institution for the detention of offenders for the period of their sentence is approximately two hundred and fifty years old. The suffering and anguish of living conditions to which inmates are subjected in overflowing prisons cannot be calculated in figures and graphs. The consequences of housing too many people in too little space means that inmates are doubled-bunked in small cells designed for one, or forced to sleep on mattresses in unheated prison gyms, temporary housing, hallways, or basements. In this article a review of the origin and development of prisons in South Africa will be given. A historical look into the Department of Correctional Services in South Africa and the change in direction of the penal system during the past century will also be reviewed. An assessment of the overcrowding of penitentiaries over the decades together with the problems experienced will be discussed.
Our blockhouse heritage
Authors: Wessels André
Published: February 2024

No abstract available.
The Gyan Burman Fellowship in gastrointestinal surgery at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital: A global perspective based on feedback from former fellows
Authors: Pandya Sameer Mukundkumar , Nundy Samiran , Tiwari Parmanand
Published: February 2024

Background:

The 3-month Gyan Burman Fellowship (GBF) in Surgical Gastroenterology and Liver Transplantation at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital in New Delhi has been offered to aspiring surgeons worldwide since 2003. Using a questionnaire, we evaluated whether the experience had been useful to its past candidates.

Aims:

Our aim was to evaluate how useful the experience had been to its past candidates.

Materials and Methods:

We sent a standard questionnaire online to 100 of the 138 fellows whom we were able to contact and who had graduated up to 31st December 2022. The data were collected on pre-designed data sheets, entered in a computer and analysed.

Results:

We received 69 responses. Sixty-one (88.4%) were male, and 8 (11.6%) were female. They came from 15 different developing countries. The GBF was the primary choice for training for 59 (85.5%), and 40 (58%) came because they did not have any equivalent training available locally. They said that overall the 3-month fellowship had had a positive impact on both the careers of the trainees and their respective regions’ healthcare. The experience was reported to have been excellent by 40 (60%).

Conclusion:

The 3-month GBF has been useful to most of its candidates and has provided them with knowledge on the quality of their surgical care in their local healthcare centres.
Qualitative Analysis of Sanitation Management in Residential Area around Gampong Jawa Landfill in 2021 Based on Fly Distribution Pattern
Authors: Nur Muhammad , Sarong Muhammad Ali , Mudatsir Mudatsir , Marlina Marlina , Sayuthi Muhammad
Published: February 2024

Aim:

Residents are concerned about the presence of flies, especially in areas near landfills, so it is important to study the distribution patterns of fly communities and community responses to the presence of flies. This study focuses on two main topics: fly distribution in various zones and people’s perspectives on fly prevention initiatives.

Materials and Methods:

Data were collected by dividing the sampling location into four clusters and collecting data three times per day (morning, noon, and afternoon). Flypaper was used to collect the insects, which were then separated based on their morphology. The data were tabulated and analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener equation for the diversity index, and the Morisita index equation for the distribution pattern. The observation was then continued by asking people about the existence of the fly community.

Results:

Cluster 4 has the strongest dynamics with varying absolute density. The morning has the highest absolute density, with an average of 26.56. The findings of the relative density analysis suggest that Musca domestica has the highest percentage, with an average percentage of 74.36%. Only 45% of respondents took actions to combat the presence of flies. The study’s findings also revealed that 97% of the population had never been socialized about sanitary management and attempts to control fly communities.

Conclusions:

Community sanitation, the prevalence of trash, and the presence of insects are not successfully regulated. The residential sector of the Gampong Jawa Community, which has the most direct access to the landfill, is at a higher risk of getting affected by hazardous diseases conveyed by flies.
Fractional Order Predictive Proportional Integral Control of pH in Effluents of Industrial Plants
Authors: Mary J. Susai , Hemavathy P. R. , Kiran S.
Published: February 2024

Aim:

A robust and advanced controller for pH monitoring and control is necessary in industrial processes inorder to treat the effluents to protect the flora and fauna in the environment. Advanced controllers such as fractional controllers could be used for effective control with increased accuracy and reliability.

Materials and Methods:

This study includes a comparison of conventional controllers with advanced fractional order controllers to improve the performance of pH control in effluents from the industrial plants.

Results:

A fractional order predictive proportional integral (FOPPI) controller for effective control of pH was designed and simulated. This controller includes the advantages of a smith predictor for dead time compensation and the robustness of a fractional order controller. The presented method shows an improvement in control performance in terms of rise time (32 s), settling time (140 s), lesser oscillations (2%), and lesser integral of the absolute error of 171.

Conclusion:

FOPPI provides efficient control of pH in all regions of the titration curve and can be used for the control of pH in industrial waste water.
Low Serum Vitamin D3 Levels among Premenopausal Women with Uterine Fibroids: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ahmad Azaz , Ahmad Mohammad , Kumar Manoj , Bhoi Nihar Ranjan , Salmani Sueba , Jangid Akanksha , Badruddeen  , Akhtar Juber , Khan Mohammad Irfan , Ansari Javed Akhtar
Published: February 2024

Background: Uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumors in women of reproductive age, with an incidence ranging from 5.4% to 77%, leading to significant morbidity and affecting quality of life. Earlier studies suggested that uterine fibroids are more likely to develop in those women with low levels of serum vitamin D. Subsequently, the objective of the current study was to investigate the association of serum vitamin D3 levels in premenopausal women with uterine fibroids. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Indira IVF Hospital and Fertility Clinics located in India. The study was conducted from April 2022 to November 2022. In this study, a total of 160 women [80 cases and 80 controls] were enrolled. Women diagnosed with at least one uterine fibroid measuring 2 cm in size through a transvaginal scan were considered as cases, in comparison to healthy controls. Results: The mean serum vitamin D3 levels for the case and control groups were 10.85 ± 3.34 ng/ml and 19.64 ± 5.50 ng/ml, respectively. Serum vitamin D3 was significantly lower (P < 0.001) in women with uterine fibroids compared to healthy controls. Additionally, a significant association was observed between serum vitamin D3 levels and the number of fibroids in the case group (P < 0.001). This indicates that as the level of serum vitamin D3 decreases, the number of fibroids increases gradually. Conclusion: Our study suggests that women with uterine fibroids tend to have low serum vitamin D3 concentrations. Therefore, serum vitamin D3 concentration needs to be considered along with other risk factors in the treatment of uterine fibroids..
Developing an intelligent prediction system for successful aging based on artificial neural networks
Authors: Nopour Raoof , Kazemi-Arpanahi Hadi
Published: February 2024

Background:

Due to the growing number of disabilities in elderly, Attention to this period of life is essential to be considered. Few studies focused on the physical, mental, disabilities, and disorders affecting the quality of life in elderly people. SA1 is related to various factors influencing the elderly’s life. So, the objective of the current study is to build an intelligent system for SA prediction through ANN2 algorithms to investigate better all factors affecting the elderly life and promote them.

Methods:

This study was performed on 1156 SA and non-SA cases. We applied statistical feature reduction method to obtain the best factors predicting the SA. Two models of ANNs with 5, 10, 15, and 20 neurons in hidden layers were used for model construction. Finally, the best ANN configuration was obtained for predicting the SA using sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and cross-entropy loss function.

Results:

The study showed that 25 factors correlated with SA at the statistical level of P < 0.05. Assessing all ANN structures resulted in FF-BP3 algorithm having the configuration of 25-15-1 with accuracy-train of 0.92, accuracy-test of 0.86, and accuracy-validation of 0.87 gaining the best performance over other ANN algorithms.

Conclusions:

Developing the CDSS for predicting SA has crucial role to effectively inform geriatrics and health care policymakers decision making.
Publication Rates of Abstracts Presented at Limb Lengthening and Reconstruction Society Annual Meetings
Authors: Korbal Tara , Rivera Jessica C.
Published: February 2024

Introduction:

Annual scientific meetings are intended in part to provide initial dissemination of research findings directly to meeting participants. However, the eventual publication of research findings is important for dissemination to the broader medical and scientific communities. The Limb Lengthening and Reconstruction Society: ASAMI–North America (LLRS) annual meetings showcase important research and case studies in the field of limb reconstruction pertinent to an international community of surgeons. The purpose of this analysis is to determine the publication rates of abstracts from recent LLRS annual meetings.

Materials and Methods:

Annual meeting programs from six LLRS annual meetings from 2014 to 2021 were cataloged. Listed abstract titles and authors were then queried in PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Journal of Limb Lengthen and Reconstruction to determine if a corresponding work was published journal up to December 2022 and time to publication.

Results:

During all studied annual meetings, 249 abstracts were presented. By December 2022, 60% (161/269) were published. The longest time to publication was 6 years following the presented annual meeting, whereas the meantime to publication was 21 months. The top publishing journals were the Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics, the Journal of Limb Lengthening and Reconstruction, and Strategies in Trauma and Limb Reconstruction.

Discussion:

The LLRS annual meeting abstracts lead to a corresponding publication at rates revealing other orthopedic subspecialty societies. However, there are opportunities to improve these rates by continuing to promote the LLRS partnering journals including the Journal of Limb Lengthening and Reconstruction.
Machine Learning Models for Prediction of Progression of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Miraj Mohammad
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Prediction of the progression of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a very challenging task. Early identification of risk factors plays a vital role in diagnosing KOA. Thus, machine learning models are used to predict the progression of KOA. The purpose of the present study is to find out the efficacy of various machine learning models to identify the progression of KOA. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in international databases like Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Studies published from the year 2010 to May 2023 on the machine learning approach to diagnose KOA were included in the study. A total of 15 studies were selected and analyzed which included machine learning as an approach to diagnose KOA. The present study found that machine learning methods are the best methods to diagnose KOA early. Various methods like deep learning, machine learning, convolutional neural network (CNN), and multi-layer perceptron showed good accuracy in diagnosing its progression. The machine learning approach has attracted significant interest from scientists and researchers and has led to a new automated approach to diagnose KOA, which will help in designing treatment approaches.
Evaluating the Accuracy of AI-Based Software vs Human Interpretation in the Diagnosis of Dental Caries Using Intraoral Radiographs: An RCT
Authors: Das Maneesha , Shahnawaz Kamil , Raghavendra Koti , Kavitha R. , Nagareddy Bharath , Murugesan Sabari
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Dental caries is a prevalent oral health issue, often diagnosed through intraoral radiographs. The accuracy of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in diagnosing dental caries from these radiographs is a subject of growing interest

Materials and Methods:

In this RCT, 200 intraoral radiographs were collected from patients seeking dental care. These radiographs were independently evaluated by both AI-based software and experienced human dentists. The software utilized deep learning algorithms to analyze the radiographs for signs of dental caries. The performance of both AI and human interpretations was compared by calculating sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy. Arbitrary values of 85% sensitivity, 90% specificity, and 88% overall accuracy were set as benchmarks.

Results:

The AI-based software demonstrated a sensitivity of 88%, a specificity of 91%, and an overall accuracy of 89% in diagnosing dental caries from intraoral radiographs. Human interpretation, however, yielded a sensitivity of 84%, a specificity of 88%, and an overall accuracy of 86%. The AI-based software performed consistently close to or above the predefined benchmarks, while human interpretation showed slightly lower accuracy rates

Conclusion:

This RCT suggests that AI-based software is a valuable tool for diagnosing dental caries from intraoral radiographs, with performance comparable to or exceeding that of experienced human dentists. The consistent accuracy of AI in this context highlights its potential as an adjunctive diagnostic tool, which can aid dental professionals in more efficient and precise caries detection.
A Study to Investigate Parents’ Satisfaction and Concerns Regarding the Different Sedation Options Available for Pediatric Oral Surgery
Authors: Mathew Sujo , Yeshodharan Venu , Jacob Tharun V. , Kiran R. Raahee , Anshad Z. , George Jumaly
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Pediatric oral surgery often necessitates the use of sedation to ensure patient comfort and cooperation. This study examines parents’ satisfaction and concerns regarding the various sedation options available for their children’s oral surgery, aiming to improve the overall patient experience

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study design was employed, with a sample size of 500 parents or guardians of children who had undergone pediatric oral surgery with sedation. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on demographic characteristics, satisfaction with sedation methods, and common concerns.

Results:

The study revealed a high level of satisfaction among parents, with 80% reporting satisfaction or very high satisfaction with the sedation process. However, specific concerns were identified, including fear of sedation complications, concerns about long-term effects, child anxiety or trauma, perceived lack of control, and communication with the healthcare team

Conclusion:

The findings highlight the importance of clear communication and education for parents and guardians in the context of pediatric oral surgery.
Comparing the Effectiveness of Different Techniques for the Management of Dental Implant Peri-Implant Mucositis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Gupta Bharti , Gupta Shekhar , Divya Divya , Dev Shruti Vishal , Bhola Surabhi , Guruprasad Yadavalli
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Dental implant peri-implant mucositis is a prevalent complication that can lead to implant failure if left untreated. Various management techniques have been proposed, but their comparative effectiveness remains unclear of dental implant peri-implant mucositis

Materials and Methods:

A total of 120 patients with peri-implant mucositis were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: Group A received mechanical debridement alone, Group B received mechanical debridement with adjunctive antiseptic mouthwash, Group C underwent laser therapy, and Group D received a combination of mechanical debridement and systemic antibiotics. Clinical parameters, including bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and plaque index (PI), were recorded at baseline and after a three-month follow-up period.

Results:

At the three-month follow-up, significant improvements were observed in all treatment groups. However, Group D, which received a combination of mechanical debridement and systemic antibiotics, showed the most substantial reduction in BOP (mean reduction of 78.2%), PPD (mean reduction of 2.5 mm), and PI (mean reduction of 1.7). Group C, treated with laser therapy, demonstrated the second-best outcomes with a mean reduction of 65.4% in BOP, 2.0 mm in PPD, and 1.3 in PI. Groups A and B showed moderate improvements, with no statistically significant differences between them

Conclusion:

This randomized controlled trial (RCT) suggests that a combination of mechanical debridement and systemic antibiotics (Group D) is the most effective treatment for managing dental implant peri-implant mucositis, yielding superior clinical outcomes compared to other techniques.
Gluten-Free, Casein-Free Diet for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case-Controlled Study
Authors: Saad Khaled , Shabaan Islam , Hassan Abd-El-Monem M. , Ezzat Mohamed , Abouzed Mohamed A. , Hamed Yasser , Ibrahim Mohamed Fahmy M. , Gad Eman F.
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:

Numerous therapeutic and dietary interventions have been examined in the last thirty years for pediatric patients diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Our interventional study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the gluten-free, casein-free (GFCF) diet in a cohort of Egyptian children with ASD

Materials and Methods:

The present clinical trial was conducted as a prospective 12-month, open-label, case-controlled interventional study. Thirty-six ASD children who were newly diagnosed and had not taken any prior psychiatric or rehabilitation therapy were included in this study. The patients were randomly assigned into two groups: group A, which received the GFCF diet, and group B, which served as the control group and was not restricted to food containing gluten and casein for 12 months. All patients were followed up for 1 year.

Results:

Following the implementation of the GFCF diet in group A, significant improvements in CARS scores were observed compared to group B after 6-month and 1-year follow-up periods.

Conclusions:

The introduction of the GFCF diet could be helpful and promising for autistic children. Conclusive evidence regarding the effectiveness of the GFCF diet remains a subject of controversy. Nonetheless, our study contributes some evidence supporting its potential benefits for children with ASD. It is recommended that future research on the GFCF diet employ a more sophisticated research design, incorporating a consistent baseline measure that can effectively assess the therapeutic effects of these interventions for individuals with ASD.
Comparing Radiation Doses in CBCT and Medical CT Imaging for Dental Applications
Authors: Zaman Mahmud U.
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

We are always concerned about radiation exposure during dental imaging procedures. We explore the crucial differences in radiation doses between Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) and Medical computed tomography (CT) imaging, aiming to shed light on the safety and efficiency of these techniques

Materials and Methods:

In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis using state-of-the-art dental imaging equipment. We employed phantoms that simulated real dental scenarios, ensuring accuracy in our measurements. The radiation doses were measured with precision dosimeters, and various exposure settings were tested to obtain a comprehensive dataset.

Results:

Our findings reveal substantial differences in radiation doses between CBCT and Medical CT for dental applications. In the case of CBCT, the average effective dose was found to be approximately 100 microsieverts (μSv), making it a preferable choice for routine dental imaging. Medical CT, on the other hand, yielded significantly higher radiation exposure, with an average effective dose exceeding 500 μSv, emphasizing its need for specific clinical scenarios

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the choice between CBCT and Medical CT for dental applications should be made with careful consideration of radiation dose implications. CBCT emerges as the safer and more efficient option for routine dental imaging, offering a lower radiation burden to patients while still delivering high-quality diagnostic images. However, Medical CT may be necessary for specialized cases where the additional radiation risk is justified by diagnostic requirements.
Evaluating the Effect of NanoFilled Composite Restorations on the Wear Resistance of Posterior Teeth: An RCT
Authors: Bhargava Triveni , Yadav Madhulika , Vijayavargiya Neelam , Chohan Hitesh , Purusothaman A. , Subramani Savadamoorthi K.
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Dental restorations play a crucial role in preserving the structural integrity and function of posterior teeth. However, wear resistance remains a significant concern for these restorations

Materials and Methods:

In this RCT, 120 participants with posterior tooth restoration needs were randomly assigned to two groups. Group A received conventional composite restorations, while Group B received NanoFilled Composite restorations. The restorations were placed according to standardized protocols. Wear resistance was assessed using a custom-designed chewing simulator, and the material wear was quantified using a profilometer. Patient-reported outcomes and clinical evaluations were also recorded at regular intervals over a 24-month follow-up period.

Results:

The wear resistance of the NanoFilled Composite restorations (Group B) was significantly higher than that of the conventional composite restorations (Group A) after 24 months of follow-up (P < 0.05). Profilometer measurements revealed that Group B had an average wear depth of 0.15 mm, while Group A had an average wear depth of 0.25 mm. Patient-reported outcomes indicated higher satisfaction and comfort in Group B. Clinical evaluations also demonstrated that Group B restorations had better retention and marginal integrity

Conclusion:

This RCT demonstrates that NanoFilled Composite restorations exhibit superior wear resistance compared to conventional composite restorations when used in posterior teeth.
Evaluation of Type, Nature, and Prevalence of Common Oral Pathology Lesions Involving Periodontium and Implant in Patients of Tertiary Level Dental Hospital in Hazaribagh City, Jharkhand
Authors: Bhargava Ankur , Saigal Sonal , Chatterjee Silpi , Chandrasekaram Keerthana , Khurshid Ghazala , Sandou Guy Patrick , Singh Vikas
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Evaluation of type, nature, and prevalence of common oral pathology lesions involving periodontium and implant in patients of tertiary level dental hospital in Hazaribagh City, Jharkhand.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 2467 people were requested to take part in the oral examination. The current study cohort was made up of the 62.4% of the initial subgroup who participated in the clinical oral examination and granted their agreement for the use of the data. Between January 2023 and June 2023, the clinical oral examination was completed.

Results:

No changes were observed in 89.6% of study participants. 88.2% males had no changes while 90.4% females had no changes. Normal variations were observed in 3.4% of study participants. 4.3% males had normal variations while 2.7% females had normal variations. Infectious oral pathology was observed in 3.3% of study participants. 2.4% males had infectious oral pathology while 3.2% females had infectious oral pathology Ulcerative lesions were observed in 4.1% of study participants. 3.6% males had ulcerative lesions while 2.4% females had ulcerative lesions. White lesions were observed in 6.7% of study participants. 8.2% males had white lesions while 5.6% females had white lesions.

Conclusion:

This study provided a detailed evaluation of type, nature, and prevalence of different oral pathology lesions focusing on periodontium and implant.
Clinical and CBCT Assessment of Role of Bisphosphonate on Osteotomy Site and Implant Surface
Authors: Singh Amit , Muthukumarswamy A , Attokaran George , Garhnayak Mirna , Garhnayak Lokanath , Gopal Lipika , Reddy Naveen
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

To assess the role of bisphosphonate on osteotomy site and implant surface.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty patients with adequate width and height of edentulous space and a single missing posterior tooth between the ages of 25 and 55 were incorporated in this research. Ten participants received implant therapy alone; the other ten patients received implant therapy and bisphosphonate application to osteotomy site and the implant surface.

Result:

Changes in the crestal bone level were seen in both the study and control groups. At 1 year, crestal bone loss was less in the bisphosphonate-treated group than in the control group.

Conclusion:

The quantity of crestal bone loss was reduced when bisphosphonate (sodium alendronate) was applied locally near the implant and osteotomy site.
Effects of Different Sterilization Methods on Orthodontic Wires: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Kaur Sharnjeet , Munjal Sudhir , Natt Amanpreet S. , Maheshwari Karan , Singh Gagandeep , Bajwa Amanjot Kaur
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of common methods of sterilization on the tensile strength of Beta titanium, Stainless steel, Australian Stainless steel, Copper Nickel-Titanium, and Nickel-Titanium wires. It also aimed to evaluate the changes in tensile strength values caused by repeated cycles of sterilization.

Materials and Methods:

A sample of 225 orthodontic wires, i.e., beta-titanium, stainless steel, Australian stainless steel, copper nickel-titanium, and nickel-titanium wires, were collected from different manufacturers. These wires were divided into three groups, which consists of Groups 1, 2, and 3. Four methods of sterilization used in this study were as follows: (i) autoclave (250°F for 20 min), (ii) dry heat sterilization (375°F for 20 min), (iii) ethylene oxide sterilization (54°C for 4 hrs), and (iv) 2.45% acidic glutaraldehyde (10 hrs).

Results:

The results of this study showed that there was increase in tensile strength of beta-titanium and nickel-titanium wires using autoclave and dry heat sterilization. No statistically significant difference in tensile strength of stainless steel and Australian stainless steel archwires. The tensile strength of copper nickel-titanium wires decreased following 0, 1, and 5 cycles of sterilization.

Conclusion:

The lack of statistically significant differences established in the study of new and sterilized orthodontic archwires gives us reason to conclude that the orthodontic arch wires can be sterilized because the sterilizing processes do not affect their tensile strength and the orthodontists could thus ensure the maximum safety of their patients.
Comparison of Two Routinely Used Mouthwashes for Plaque Control Among Young Adults: An Observational Study
Authors: Singh Pratibha , Busani Sasi Krishna , Verma Rajnish K. , Prabhakar Chinmayi , Kadur Sundar Raj Ravi , Dubey Alok
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

The most common and convenient technique to provide antiplaque medicines is through mouth rinses, which have the advantage of accessing places that are difficult for a toothbrush to clean. Chlorhexidine and Listerine mouthwashes were tested for their effectiveness when used in addition to routine teeth cleaning techniques. However, the studies assessing the antibacterial effects of these among young adults are diversified and limited.

Materials and Methods:

This comparative study was conducted among 240 schoolchildren. The participants were separated into three groups: A, B, and C. The research was conducted at two intervals of time, before therapy and during treatment period. The plaque was assessed through the plaque index (Turesky modification of Quigley-Hein plaque index (1970)). After a month, individuals had oral examination and were assessed.

Results:

Following the first week, a comparison of plaque scores was made between the three groups. Plaque score is lower in group C and group B than in group A in the succeeding second, third, and fourth weeks, but Tukey’s test results suggest that group C has a larger decrease in plaque than group B.

Conclusion:

According to this study, as compared to a placebo mouthwash, both a mouthwash containing 0.2% chlorhexidine and one containing phenol dramatically reduced plaque development and gingival irritation.
Dental Services and their Awareness and Utilization among the Health Care Workers in a South Indian District – A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Agarwal Komal , Kolapally Swetha , Jha Kunal , Chaturvedi Mudita , Maini Anuj P. , Varma Datla Praveen K. , Tiwari Heena D.
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:

The present research was carried out to evaluate the amount of usage of dental care opportunities and also to assess the problems faced by health care workers (HCWs) of a south Indian district in using dental services.

Methodology:

This study had around 500 participants who belonged from various health care sectors who were selected with the help of multistage sampling. The data obtained from this cross-sectional research was analysed statistically using SPSS 22.0.

Results:

It was noticed that around 35% of participants went for a dentist’s appointment in past 1 year where male members predominated (45%). One of the commonest reasons for utilizing dental care services was pain as an dental emergency factor (70%). Other reasons were dental caries (18%) restoration, breakage of tooth (10%) and a host of other factors (11%). Around 350 participants felt that going to the dentist was only necessary when there was an emergency (61%).

Conclusion:

The target population less frequently visited the dentist to maintain their teeth as they believed when you have pain, that is the time you go to a dental specialist.
Comparison of Different Betadine and Saline Combinations on Microorganisms: An Original Research
Authors: Seema Kumari , Shah Ankit , Chansoria Harsh , Sharma Mayank , Kaur Manmit , Varma Praveen K. , Tiwari Rahul VC
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Pathogenic bacteria in the oral cavity or a physiological microbiome imbalance can cause or maintain disease. Thus, this work examined a novel betadine–saline combination for antibacterial and antifungal activities.

Materials and Methods:

This study was in vitro. Betadine, saline, and their mixtures were tested for Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Aspergillus niger (gram-negative). Pour plate and disc diffusion methods were used to test CFUs, DZI, and RZI for various agent combinations.

Results:

For Lactobacillus acidophilus, Betadine 90% + saline 10% had the greatest DZI and RZI at 24 and 12 mm, respectively. For E. coli, Betadine 50% + saline 50% had the highest at 16 and 8 mm. Betadine 60% + saline 40% had 14 mm RZI and the highest antifungal activity.

Conclusion:

The novel betadine–saline antibacterial and antifungal combination performed well. In vivo research should confirm the existing findings.
Evaluation of Sexual Dimorphism Using Dental Dimensions - An Observational Study
Authors: Rai Narendra P. , Kumar Prafful , Arsheed Noor A. A. , Nagella Sai P. , Mannivannan Pratap C. , Dhayanidhi Aparna
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:

In our study, we evaluated the gender dimorphism among dental measurements of selected people in a South Indian district.

Methodology:

In our research, 500 participants between 17 and 25 years of age were included after taking their maxillary arch impressions. Utilizing Korkhaus compass and digital caliper, depth of palatal area as well as maxillary arch as a whole was done. T-test was done to initiate the comparative analysis between the palatal arch and complete maxillary arch depths where P < 0.05 was denoted significant statistically.

Results:

It was recorded that complete maxillary arch depth measurements were increased in case of men as compared to women, whereas the measurements related to depth of the palatal arch were not statistically significant.

Conclusion:

In our research, we found that complete maxillary arch depth can be utilized for gender segregation accompanied with other auxiliary methods. The mean value for both these measurements can be utilized as a standard measurement for advance research.
Choice of Surgeons in Retractors used in Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery: An Original Research
Authors: Gopalakrishna Sagar , Rajmohan M. , Thakkar Radhika , Ramesh Kannur Jnanesh , Kamadal Neelamma , Malhotra Aayush , Tiwari Rahul V. C.
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

To ensure optimal exposure and enable precise tissue manipulation, cleft lip and palate abnormalities require surgical repair utilizing retractors. Different retractors may affect surgical outcomes; however, this is not yet evident. Examining surgeon preferences for retractors in cleft lip and palate surgery and assessing their impact on patient outcomes were the goals of this study.

Materials and Methods:

The patients who underwent primary cleft lip and palate repair were retrospectively analyzed. This study evaluated three widely used retractors: the Langenbeck, Gelpi, and Moult Mouth Gag retractors. This study looked at demographic information, surgical results (including scarring, aesthetic outcomes, and wound healing issues), and surgeon preferences for retractors.

Results:

The study identified differences in surgical outcomes related to various retractor types. Both Group A (Langenbeck retractor) and Group B (Gelpi retractor) demonstrated similar favorable results, such as little wound healing issues, less scarring, and pleasing cosmetic results. The wound healing issues, scarring, and cosmetic outcomes were all worse in Group C (Moult Mouth Gag retractor).

Conclusion:

Retractors were not always preferred by surgeons doing cleft lip and palate surgery. The type of retractor had an impact on the surgical results; the Moult Mouth Gag retractor performed less well than the Langenbeck and Gelpi retractors. These results highlight the value of using evidence-based criteria to select retractors more effectively and enhance surgical methods for better patient outcomes in cleft lip and palate repair.
Estimation of the Various Urinary Biomarkers among the Non-Hypertensive Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Nephropathy
Authors: Chakraborty Sudarshan , Varghese Shigil M. , Gabhale Sanjay , Shah Ankit , Shashank Chapala , Thakkar Smit
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Alteration in the various markers is seen in diabetic nephropathy (DN). In the current research, four different markers were evaluated and were examined for their diagnostic value in the nephropathic type 2 diabetes patients.

Methods:

A prospective clinical trial was piloted with diabetic male subjects with nephropathy. The subjects were followed up for 9 months. Thirty subjects were recruited as type 2 diabetes mellitus patients without nephropathy as controls. The interventional groups were grouped again as microalbuminuria, normoalbuminuria, and hyperfiltration. All of them underwent testing for urinary biomarkers like urine protein, ACR, HbA1C, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Correlation and logistic regression were used to compare all diagnostic tests across various groupings.

Results:

The greatest area under curve (AUC) values were .90 and .91 for AGT and AGT/Cr, respectively. The AUC, specificity, sensitivity, and cut-off value of AGT/Cr were, respectively, .91, 85%, 91%, and 4.36 mg/g. When using urine as the cut-off, the sensitivity was 42 and 100 for ACR and eGFR both. All other biomarkers had lower values than the AGT. Less than. 50 was evident for NGAL/Cr and NAGL.

Conclusions:

To identify DN, before the initiation of the albuminuria, compared to other diagnostic markers, urinary AGT demonstrated a greater diagnostic value. Further research is suggested to corroborate the findings.
Estimating the Effect of Genital vs Extragenital Warts on Immunocompetent Indian Adult Patients; Quality of Life: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Rani Neha , Kumar Prashant , Mishra Anup Kumar , Saifuddin Rehan , Abhishek M P , Tiwari Rahul
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Extragenital warts, often known as EGWs, affect between 7% and 10% of the population. Despite the plethora of research on the impact of genital warts (GWs) on “Quality Of Life”, EGWs have received little attention. The purpose of this study was to conduct a cross-sectional investigation with the objective of contrasting the effects of GWs and EGWs on the health-related quality of life and other characteristics.

Participants and Procedures:

A cross-sectional clinical study was piloted at a tertiary care center. Participants in the study included two groups of healthy adults, each group consisting of 100 adult subjects. Those diagnosed with EGWs were included in group A, while patients diagnosed with GWs made up group B. The “Dermatology Life Quality Index” questionnaire was used to evaluate various parameters. Observations were compared for significance.

Results:

The majority of the subjects in both the groups were observed to have less than 10 warts. The Dermatology Life Quality Index score for the EGWs had an average of 8.66 ± 2.31 score; GWs had an average of 5.12 ± 3.25. This mean variance was statistically significant. The level of the dissatisfaction was highly significantly different among the groups and the subjects being more in the EGW group dissatisfied.

Conclusion:

The findings of this investigation indicate that EGWs have a significant and detrimental effect on the Quality Of Life. Medical experts must teach people how to prevent the disease’s spread and recurrence due to its persistence. They must also consider the psychological and societal repercussions of the disease while discussing therapy choices.
Knowledge and Perception about Health Risks of Cigarette Smoking among Youngsters in Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mujoo Sheetal , Alqahtani Ahmed Shaher , Hamdi Bassam Ali , Rajhi Thamer Jabril , Ghazwani Hadi Hassan , Dubey Alok , Madi Hakami Abdulwahab Khalid
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:

Cigarette smoking is a global public health concern, particularly in developing countries. Saudi Arabia has a high prevalence of smoking among young individuals, highlighting the need for interventions to address this issue.

Aims:

This study aimed to evaluate the awareness, attitude, smoking rates, and perception of health risks among young individuals in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia. The goal was to identify areas for improvement and develop effective strategies to combat smoking and promote healthier lifestyles.

Methods and Materials:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted at the out-patient department of the College of Dentistry, Jazan University, over a 3-month period. A questionnaire consisting of 15 open-ended questions was administered to eligible patients.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-squared test with a P- value of <0.05.

Results:

Out of 300 participants, the majority were males, university students, and non-smokers. Among smokers, electronic cigarettes were the most used form. Starting smoking with friends was a common trend. Females smoked fewer times per day compared to males. Participants expressed concerns about the damaging effects of smoking on health.

Conclusions:

Targeted interventions and educational programs are needed to address smoking behaviors among young individuals in the Jazan region. Gender-specific interventions, family involvement, and promoting school connectedness are crucial in reducing smoking rates. Graphic health warnings on cigarette packs have the potential to improve knowledge and quitting intentions. Continued research and surveillance are necessary to inform evidence-based policies and interventions to combat youth smoking.
Evaluation of the Influence of Nasolabial Angle, Upper Sulcus Depth, and Nasal Tip Protrusion in the Perception of Facial Attractiveness
Authors: Jha Noopur , Bamal Renuka , Khairwa Monika Kumari , Kalawat Ashish , Yadav Lucky , Sharma Shrikant
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To evaluate the influence of variations in the upper sulcus depth, nasal tip protrusion, and nasolabial angle on the esthetic perception of profiles.

Design:

A web-based survey study and was conducted in the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics. This survey was conducted for a period of 10 months and included orthodontists practicing in India.

Methods:

This study included lateral cephalograms of the most esthetic profiles from a set of 30 profiles that were within Holdaways norms; the most esthetic profile was determined by a panel of two orthodontists and two general dentists. The most esthetic profile photograph will be transferred to a computer in Corel software. The outline of the profile will remain the same, with the inner aspect converted into a dark area (black); now, the profile is completely converted into facial silhouettes. This black facial silhouette is presented to avoid any distractions and bias. There will be a total of 27 silhouettes by various combinations of increased, decreased, and normal values for nasolabial angle, upper sulcus depth, and nasal tip protrusions.

Results:

Both the orthodontist and layman chose the most favored profile as a normal profile having a normal nasal tip, normal nasolabial angle, and normal upper sulcus depth, whereas among dentists, 50% chose the most favored profile in which the nasolabial angle was normal but the nasal tip and upper labial sulcus were decreased. When it comes to the least favored profiles, opinions varied between orthodontists, dentists, and laymen.

Conclusion:

The perception of facial esthetics has always been and still is varied between the layman, the dentist, and the orthodontists. Profiles with normal to sharp noses with normal and increased nasolabial angles were considered more attractive than the others. Profiles with fuller upper labial sulci were considered least attractive with other parameters changing.
Comparative Evaluation of Sealing Ability of Different Type of MTA as Root-End Filling Materials Using Dye Penetration Technique - An In Vitro Study
Authors: Singh Tanu , Bathla Saurav , Dutta Saurav K. , Thakkar Radhika , Vohra Varun , Singh Kanwarpreet
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

The main goal of the root-end filling material is to create a hermetic seal to protect against microbes and their by-products. Excellent biocompatibility and sealing ability are characteristics of MTA developed by Torabinejad et al. This study aimed to compare the sealing ability of different type MTA as root-end filling material using dye penetration technique.

Material and Method:

One-twenty (N = 120) extracted human maxillary anterior teeth were decontaminated, cleaned, and decoronated. Endodontic treatment and root-end resection were done. Then root-end cavity was prepared and filled with tested materials (N = 30). A calibrated stereomicroscope was used to evaluate linear measurement. All data were tabulated and statistically analyzed with a level of significance set at P < .05.

Result:

This order of increasing microleaks was observed: MTA Angelus < MTA Plus < PRO-Root MTA < Control group. There was a statistically significant difference in mean microleakage in MTA Angelus and MTA Plus groups (P = 0.040). MTA Angelus shows the least microleakage among all the bioceramic material groups.

Conclusion:

Although the sealing ability of MTA Angelus is superior to MTA Plus, PRO-Root MTA. MTA Plus, PRO-Root MTA could be considered an acceptable alternative to MTA Angelus in peri-radicular surgeries.
Efficacy of Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Relaxation Techniques in Cases with Attempted Suicide: An Original Research
Authors: Das Gita
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:

This study was done for the efficacy assessment of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and various relaxation techniques in patients with suicidal tendencies.

Methodology:

The study was conducted among 150 patients of attempted suicide for a period of 2 years (January 2017 to January 2019). The participants were randomly allocated into three groups, with 50 patients each receiving CBT, JPMR, and combined treatment (groups I, II, and III, respectively). The Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSI) and the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) score were used for pre- and postassessment of depression in the patients. Student’s t- and Chi-square tests were used for analyzing the data recorded.

Results:

We observed that in group II, the index scores did not change after a period of 2 years with a P > 0.05. However, in groups I and II, the scores significantly decreased with P < 0.001.

Conclusion:

A combination of relaxation techniques and CBT will help improve the depression related to suicidal tendencies.