bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phage & phosphatase: a novel phage-based probe for rapid, multi-platform detection of bacteria
Authors: Alcaine S. D. , Pacitto D. , Sela D. A. , Nugen S. R.
Published: September 2015

A bacteriophage-based biosensing platform forE. coliis proposed. The bacteriophage T7 was genetically engineered to carry the alkaline phosphatase genephoA. The overexpression of the gene was quantified with colorimetric, fluorescent, and chemiluminescent methods.
Polarity switching mass spectrometry imaging of healthy and cancerous hen ovarian tissue sections by infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI)
Authors: Nazari Milad , Muddiman David C.
Published: September 2015

IR-MALDESI polarity switching mass spectrometry imaging reveals differences in lipid distribution in hen ovarian cancer tissue.
An enzyme-free colorimetric assay using hybridization chain reaction amplification and split aptamers
Authors: Wang Qing , Yang Xiaohan , Yang Xiaohai , Wang Kemin , Zhang Hua , Liu Pei
Published: September 2015

A novel unmodified gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-based colorimetric assay was demonstrated based on split aptamers and the hybridization chain reaction (HCR) amplification strategy.
Analysis of oxybutynin and N-desethyloxybutynin in human urine by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) and capillary electrophoresis (CE)
Authors: Moreira B. J. , Borges K. B. , de Oliveira A. R. M. , de Gaitani C. M.
Published: September 2015

A DLLME/CE method was developed to the determination of oxybutynin (OXY) and N-desethyloxybutynin (DEO) in human urine.
Organocatalytic multicomponent synthesis of polysubstituted pyrroles from 1,2-diones, aldehydes and arylamines
Authors: Zheng Yin , Wang Youming , Zhou Zhenghong
Published: September 2015

We have developed an organocatalyzed three-component reaction of 1,2-diones, aldehydes and arylamines, which provides an efficient approach to access polysubstituted pyrroles.
Cross-linked supramolecular polymer metallogels constructed via a self-sorting strategy and their multiple stimulus-response behaviors
Authors: Wang Xu-Qing , Wang Wei , Yin Guang-Qiang , Wang Yu-Xuan , Zhang Chang-Wei , Shi Jia-Meng , Yu Yihua , Yang Hai-Bo
Published: September 2015

Novel cross-linked supramolecular polymer metallogels were successfully constructed from four components via a self-sorting strategy, and feature interesting multiple stimulus-response behaviors under various external stimuli, including halide, base, and competitive guests.
Demixing of water and ethanol causes conformational redistribution and gelation of the cationic GAG tripeptide
Authors: Milorey Bridget , Farrell Stefanie , Toal Siobhan E. , Schweitzer-Stenner Reinhard
Published: September 2015

Increasing the mole percent of ethanol in a ternary peptide–water–ethanol mixture leads to a conformational redistribution of the peptide owing to solvent reorganization and to supramolecular aggregation and gelation at ethanol fractions above 55 mol%.
The asymmetric synthesis of polycyclic 3-spirooxindole alkaloids via the cascade reaction of 2-isocyanoethylindoles
Authors: Zhao Xiaohu , Liu Xiaohua , Xiong Qian , Mei Hongjiang , Ma Baiwei , Lin Lili , Feng Xiaoming
Published: September 2015

A highly enantioselective dearomative cascade between 2-isocyanoethylindole and 3-alkenyl-oxindoles was realized by chiral N,N′-dioxide-Mg(ii) complexes. Various spiroindolines with spiro-oxindoles were obtained in excellent results.
Chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed oxidative kinetic resolution of cyclic secondary amine derivatives including tetrahydroquinolines by hydrogen transfer to imines
Authors: Saito Kodai , Miyashita Hiromitsu , Akiyama Takahiko
Published: September 2015

The title reaction of tetrahydroquinolines with ketimine in the presence of chiral phosphoric acid proceeded with efficient conversion and excellent enantioselectivities.
Continuous chemical operations and modifications on magnetic γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles confined in nanoliter droplets for the assembly of fluorescent and magnetic SiO2@γ-Fe2O3
Authors: Ferraro D. , Lin Y. , Teste B. , Talbot D. , Malaquin L. , Descroix S. , Abou-Hassan A.
Published: September 2015

An automated droplet microfluidic platform is described for the manipulation of magnetic nanoparticles and their assembly with fluorescent silica nanoparticles.
Controlled generation of highly saddled (porphyrinato)iron(iii) iodide, tri-iodide and one-electron oxidized complexes
Authors: Sahoo Dipankar , Rath Sankar Prasad
Published: September 2015

Three iron(iii) porphyrinato complexes have been isolated selectively just by varying the iodine concentration, which eventually form the admixed-intermediate (iodo complex), pure intermediate (tri-iodide complex) and high-spin (1e-oxidized complex) states of iron where iodide and/or tri-iodide were used as axial ligands.
Separation of lutidines by enclathration
Authors: Samipillai Marivel , Batisai Eustina , Nassimbeni Luigi R. , Weber Edwin
Published: September 2015

The selectivity of lutidine isomers by diol host compounds follows the trend: 2,3-LUT ≈ 3,4-LUT > 2,5-LUT > 2,4-LUT > 2,6-LUT.
Isomerization of a lanthanide complex using a humming top guest template: a solid-to-solid reaction
Authors: Mills Michelle B. , Hollingshead Andrew G. , Maahs Adam C. , Soldatov Dmitriy V. , Preuss Kathryn E.
Published: September 2015

SbPh3Cl2is used to effect a dramatic rearrangement of the ligand sphere and “pancake bonding” in Ce(hfac)3(5′-Br-pyDTDA)2by forming a 2 : 1 host–guest complex.
Structural and kinetic investigation of the hydride composite Ca(BH4)2 + MgH2 system doped with NbF5 for solid-state hydrogen storage
Authors: Karimi Fahim , Klaus Pranzas P. , Pistidda Claudio , Puszkiel Julián A. , Milanese Chiara , Vainio Ulla , Paskevicius Mark , Emmler Thomas , Santoru Antonio , Utke Rapee , Tolkiehn Martin , Minella Christian B. , Chaudhary Anna-Lisa , Boerries Stefan , Buckley Craig E. , Enzo Stefano , Schreyer Andreas , Klassen Thomas , Dornheim Martin
Published: September 2015

NbF5 reduces dehydrogenation temperature of Ca(BH4)2 + MgH2 system by 100 °C. Here, we give a possible elucidation of this effect.
Probing electrode/electrolyte interfaces in situ by X-ray spectroscopies: old methods, new tricks
Authors: Wu Cheng Hao , Weatherup Robert S. , Salmeron Miquel B.
Published: September 2015

Emerging strategies make it possible to use soft and tender X-ray spectroscopies to probe electrode/electrolyte interfacesin situ.
Electrochemical lithiation-induced polymorphism of anthraquinone derivatives observed by operando X-ray diffraction
Authors: Silberstein Katharine E. , Pastore James P. , Zhou Weidong , Potash Rebecca A. , Hernández-Burgos Kenneth , Lobkovsky Emil B. , Abruña Héctor D.
Published: September 2015

Operando X-ray diffraction patterns of organic molecular crystals in lithium-ion batteries provide evidence for polymorphism via a modified coin cell.
Ab initio investigation of the aqueous solvation of the nitrate ion
Authors: Pruitt Spencer R. , Brorsen Kurt R. , Gordon Mark S.
Published: September 2015

The turning point between surface and interior solvation of NO3− is predicted to lie around a cluster size of (H2O)64.
Energy transfer and formation of long-lived 3MLCT states in multimetallic complexes with extended highly conjugated bis-terpyridyl ligands
Authors: Wächtler Maria , Kübel Joachim , Barthelmes Kevin , Winter Andreas , Schmiedel Alexander , Pascher Torbjörn , Lambert Christoph , Schubert Ulrich S. , Dietzek Benjamin
Published: September 2015

Multimetallic complexes with extended conjugated ligands show efficient energy transfer to the lowest excited states and prolonged Fe(ii) 3MLCT lifetimes.
Surface doping of La ions into ZnO nanocrystals to lower the optimal working temperature for HCHO sensing properties
Authors: Tian Shouqin , Zhang Yupeng , Zeng Dawen , Wang Hao , Li Neng , Xie Changsheng , Pan Chunxu , Zhao Xiujian
Published: September 2015

Lowering the working temperature without sacrificing other good gas-sensing properties is of particular interest to gas sensors for an excellent performance.
Microwave-assisted synthesis of porous Mn2O3nanoballs as bifunctional electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction and evolution reaction
Authors: Ghosh Srabanti , Kar Prasenjit , Bhandary Nimai , Basu Suddhasatwa , Sardar Samim , Maiyalagan Thandavarayan , Majumdar Dipanwita , Bhattacharya Swapan Kumar , Bhaumik Asim , Lemmens Peter , Pal Samir Kumar
Published: September 2015

A facile and effective microwave-assisted route has been developed to synthesize electrochemically active pure and transition metal-doped manganese oxide nanoballs for fuel cell applications.
Hierarchical nickel oxide nanosheet@nanowire arrays on nickel foam: an efficient 3D electrode for methanol electro-oxidation
Authors: Luo Qiong , Peng Mingying , Sun Xuping , Asiri Abdullah M.
Published: September 2015

Hierarchical nickel oxide nanosheet@nanowire arrays hydrothermally grown on nickel foam behave as an efficient 3D anode for electro-catalytic oxidation of methanol in alkaline media.
Effects of co-ordination number on the nucleation behaviour in many-component self-assembly
Authors: Reinhardt Aleks , Ho Chon Pan , Frenkel Daan
Published: September 2015

We report canonical and grand-canonical lattice Monte Carlo simulations of the self-assembly of addressable structures comprising hundreds of distinct component types. The nucleation behaviour, in the form of free-energy barriers to nucleation, changes significantly as the co-ordination number of the building blocks is changed from 4 to 8 to 12. Unlike tetrahedral structures – which roughly correspond to DNA bricks that have been studied in experiments – the shapes of the free-energy barriers of higher co-ordination structures depend strongly on the supersaturation, and such structures require a very significant driving force for structure growth before nucleation becomes thermally accessible. Although growth at high supersaturation results in more defects during self-assembly, we show that high co-ordination number structures can still be assembled successfully in computer simulations and that they exhibit self-assembly behaviour analogous to DNA bricks. In particular, the self-assembly remains modular, enabling in principle a wide variety of nanostructures to be assembled, with a greater spatial resolution than is possible in low co-ordination structures.
Correction: Anti-diabetic activity of peony seed oil, a new resource food in STZ-induced diabetic mice
Authors: Su Jianhui , Wang Hongxin , Ma Caoyang , Lou Zaixiang , Liu Chengxiang , Rahman MdRamim Tanver , Gao Chuanzhong , Nie Rongjing
Published: September 2015

Correction for ‘Anti-diabetic activity of peony seed oil, a new resource food in STZ-induced diabetic mice’ by Jianhui Su et al., Food Funct., 2015, 6, 2930–2938.
Correction: Carbonyl trapping and antiglycative activities of olive oil mill wastewater
Authors: Navarro Marta , Fiore Alberto , Fogliano Vincenzo , Morales Francisco J.
Published: September 2015

Correction for ‘Carbonyl trapping and antiglycative activities of olive oil mill wastewater’ by Marta Navarro et al., Food Funct., 2015, 6, 574–583.
Efficient and sustainable transformation of gamma-valerolactone into nylon monomers
Authors: Yang Yong , Wei Xurui , Zeng Fanxin , Deng Li
Published: September 2015

A route for efficient synthesis of bio-nylon monomers from gamma-valerolactone has been developed.
Pee-dots: biocompatible fluorescent carbon dots derived from the upcycling of urine
Authors: Essner Jeremy B. , Laber Charles H. , Ravula Sudhir , Polo-Parada Luis , Baker Gary A.
Published: September 2015

We have demonstrated an easy, economic, one-step synthetic route to water-soluble fluorescent carbon dots derived from the thermal upcycling of urine.
Microwave-assisted digestion using diluted acid and base solutions for plant analysis by ICP OES
Authors: Barros Juan A. V. A. , de Souza Paulino F. , Schiavo Daniela , Nóbrega Joaquim A.
Published: September 2015

A reliable, safe and green microwave-assisted digestion procedure employing diluted solutions of HNO3 and NaOH was developed for determining silicon and eleven elements in plants by ICP OES.
Templating synthesis of metal oxides by an incipient wetness impregnation route and their activities for CO oxidation
Authors: Gong Haifeng , Zhu Junjiang , Lv Kangle , Xiao Ping , Zhao Yanxi
Published: September 2015

Co3O4 templated from mesoporous silica show stable and better activity for CO oxidation than that synthesized by the traditional sol–gel method.
Wafer-scale synthesis of defined polymer brushes under ambient conditions
Authors: Zhang Tao , Du Yunhao , Kalbacova Jana , Schubel René , Rodriguez Raul D. , Chen Tao , Zahn Dietrich R. T. , Jordan Rainer
Published: September 2015

A facile method to synthesize dense, homo- and multiblock copolymer brushes on the wafer-scale under ambient conditions is presented.
Porous PLGA microparticles to encapsulate doxorubicin and polyethylenimine/miR-34a for inhibiting the proliferation and migration of lung cancer
Authors: Wang Chenhui , Wu Di , Yang Jiebing , Han Haobo , Xing Zhen , Zhang Yan , Yang Yan , Li Quanshun
Published: September 2015

Porous PLGA microparticles were successfully prepared for achieving the co-delivery of doxorubicin and PEI25K/miR-34a, using ammonium bicarbonate as a porogen.
Seeded swelling polymerized sea urchin-like core–shell typed polystyrene/polyaniline particles and their electric stimuli-response
Authors: Kim Dana , Tian Yu , Choi Hyoung Jin
Published: September 2015

Sea urchin-like polystyrene/polyaniline particles were synthesized by a seeded swelling polymerization. When dispersed in silicone oil to produce an electrorheological (ER) fluid, they exhibit typical ER behaviors with better dispersion stability.
9-N-Alkylaminomethylanthracene probes for selective fluorescence sensing of pentafluorophenol
Authors: Pandith Anup , Kumar Ashwani , Kim Hong-Seok
Published: September 2015

9-N-Alkylaminomethylanthracenes (1 and 2) were synthesised for halophenol sensing, and their selectivity and sensitivity towards pentafluorophenol (PFP) in ethanol were investigated.
Hydrothermal synthesis of CoMoO4/Co9S8 hybrid nanotubes based on counter electrodes for highly efficient dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Huo Jinghao , Wu Jihuai , Zheng Min , Tu Yongguang , Lan Zhang
Published: September 2015

The efficiency of DSSCs with CoMoO4/Co9S8 CEs was 8.60% under the light intensity of 100 mW cm−2 (AM 1.5 G).
Graphene oxide supported sodium stannate lithium ion battery anodes by the peroxide route: low temperature and no waste processing
Authors: Mikhaylov A. A. , Medvedev A. G. , Mason C. W. , Nagasubramanian A. , Madhavi S. , Batabyal S. K. , Zhang Q. , Gun J. , Prikhodchenko P. V. , Lev O.
Published: September 2015

Since there has been a notable improvement in the performance of graphene-supported tin-based lithium ion battery anodes, they have become a viable alternative to state of the art graphite anodes.
Ni–M (M = Sn and Sb) intermetallic-based catalytic functional layer as a built-in safeguard for hydrocarbon-fueled solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Yoon Daeil , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: September 2015

(Sn, Sb)/Ni-based catalytic functional layers situated at the anode surface facilitate long-term operation of hydrocarbon-fueled solid oxide fuel cells by inhibiting the carbon from accumulating onto the Ni surface.
Core–shell MnO2@Fe2O3 nanospindles as a positive electrode for aqueous supercapacitors
Authors: Zhu Lei , Chang Zheng , Wang Yanfang , Chen Bingwei , Zhu Yusong , Tang Weiping , Wu Yuping
Published: September 2015

Novel core–shell type MnO2@Fe2O3 nanospindles have been synthesized by twining MnO2 nanoflakes around spindle-like Fe2O3 particles uniformly, exhibiting superior capacitance and excellent electrochemical performance stability.
High performance carbon nanotube based fiber-shaped supercapacitors using redox additives of polypyrrole and hydroquinone
Authors: Xu Ruiqiao , Guo Fengmei , Cui Xian , Zhang Li , Wang Kunlin , Wei Jinquan
Published: September 2015

A high performance fiber-shaped supercapacitor is fabricated from macroscopic CNT films by adding polypyrrole (PPy) to the electrodes and hydroquinone (HQ) to the electrolyte, simultaneously. HQ and PPy have synergistic effects on the supercapacitor.
Bi-layer lithium phosphorous oxynitride/aluminium substituted lithium lanthanum titanate as a promising solid electrolyte for long-life rechargeable lithium–oxygen batteries
Authors: Le Hang T. T. , Kalubarme Ramchandra S. , Ngo Duc Tung , Jadhav Harsharaj S. , Park Chan-Jin
Published: September 2015

Lithium ion conducting membranes are indispensable for building lithium–air (oxygen) batteries employing aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes for long-term operation.
Insight into quinoxaline containing D–π–A dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells with cobalt and iodine based electrolytes: the effect of π-bridge on the HOMO energy level and photovoltaic performance
Authors: Li Xing , Hu Yue , Sanchez-Molina Irene , Zhou Ying , Yu Fengtao , Haque Saif A. , Wu Wenjun , Hua Jianli , Tian He , Robertson Neil
Published: September 2015

Maintaining a balance between the spectral absorption range and driving force for dye regeneration is the key to increase the photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cells.
How cancer cells hijack DNA double-strand break repair pathways to gain genomic instability
Authors: Jeggo Penny A. , Löbrich Markus
Published: September 2015

DNA DSBs (double-strand breaks) are a significant threat to the viability of a normal cell, since they can result in loss of genetic material if mitosis or replication is attempted in their presence. Consequently, evolutionary pressure has resulted in multiple pathways and responses to enable DSBs to be repaired efficiently and faithfully. Cancer cells, which are under pressure to gain genomic instability, have a striking ability to avoid the elegant mechanisms by which normal cells maintain genomic stability. Current models suggest that, in normal cells, DSB repair occurs in a hierarchical manner that promotes rapid and efficient rejoining first, with the utilization of additional steps or pathways of diminished accuracy if rejoining is unsuccessful or delayed. In the present review, we evaluate the fidelity of DSB repair pathways and discuss how cancer cells promote the utilization of less accurate processes. Homologous recombination serves to promote accuracy and stability during replication, providing a battlefield for cancer to gain instability. Non-homologous end-joining, a major DSB repair pathway in mammalian cells, usually operates with high fidelity and only switches to less faithful modes if timely repair fails. The transition step is finely tuned and provides another point of attack during tumour progression. In addition to DSB repair, a DSB signalling response activates processes such as cell cycle checkpoint arrest, which enhance the possibility of accurate DSB repair. We consider the ways by which cancers modify and hijack these processes to gain genomic instability.
Generalized inverse patchy colloid model
Authors: Stipsitz Monika , Kahl Gerhard , Bianchi Emanuela
Published: September 2015

We generalize the inverse patchy colloid model that was originally developed for heterogeneously charged particles with two identical polar patches and an oppositely charged equator to a model that can have a considerably richer surface pattern. Based on a Debye-Hückel framework, we propose a coarse-grained description of the effective pair interactions that is applicable to particles with an arbitrary patch decoration. We demonstrate the versatility of this approach by applying it to models with (i) two differently charged and/or sized patches, and (ii) three, possibly different patches.
Active thermal cloak
Authors: Nguyen Dang Minh , Xu Hongyi , Zhang Youming , Zhang Baile
Published: September 2015

Thermal cloaking, as an ultimate thermal “illusion” phenomenon, is the result of advanced heat manipulation with thermal metamaterials—heat can be guided around a hidden object smoothly without disturbing the ambient thermal environment. However, all previous thermal metamaterial cloaks were passive devices, lacking the functionality of switching on/off and the flexibility of changing geometries. In this letter, we report an active thermal cloaking device that is controllable. Different from previous thermal cloaking approaches, this thermal cloak adopts active thermoelectric components to “pump” heat from one side to the other side of the hidden object, in a process controlled by input electric voltages. Our work not only incorporates active components in thermal cloaking but also provides controllable functionality in thermal metamaterials that can be used to construct more flexible thermal devices.
Thickness dependent charge transport in ferroelectric BaTiO3 heterojunctions
Authors: Singh Pooja , Rout P. K. , Singh Manju , Rakshit R. K. , Dogra Anjana
Published: September 2015

We have investigated the effect of ferroelectric barium titanate (BaTiO3) film thickness on the charge transport mechanism in pulsed laser deposited epitaxial metal–ferroelectric semiconductor junctions. The current (I)–voltage (V) measurements across the junctions comprising of 20–500 nm thick BaTiO3 and conducting bottom electrode (Nb: SrTiO3 substrate or La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 buffer layer) demonstrate the space charge limited conduction. Further analysis indicates a reduction in the ratio of free to trapped carriers with increasing thickness in spite of decreasing trap density. Such behaviour arises the deepening of the shallow trap levels (<0.65 eV) below conduction band with increasing thickness. Moreover, the observed hysteresis in I–V curves implies a bipolar resistive switching behaviour, which can be explained in terms of charge trapping and de-trapping process.
Superconducting scanning tunneling microscopy tips in a magnetic field: Geometry-controlled order of the phase transition
Authors: Eltschka Matthias , Jäck Berthold , Assig Maximilian , Kondrashov Oleg V. , Skvortsov Mikhail A. , Etzkorn Markus , Ast Christian R. , Kern Klaus
Published: September 2015

The properties of geometrically confined superconductors significantly differ from their bulk counterparts. Here, we demonstrate the geometrical impact for superconducting scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) tips, where the confinement ranges from the atomic to the mesoscopic scale. To this end, we compare the experimentally determined magnetic field dependence for several vanadium tips to microscopic calculations based on the Usadel equation. For our theoretical model of a superconducting cone, we find a direct correlation between the geometry and the order of the superconducting phase transition. Increasing the opening angle of the cone changes the phase transition from first to second order. Comparing our experimental findings to the theory reveals first and second order quantum phase transitions in the vanadium STM tips. In addition, the theory also explains experimentally observed broadening effects by the specific tip geometry.
Enhancement of thermoelectric figure of merit in
β
-Zn4Sb3 by indium doping control
Authors: Wei Pai-Chun , Yang Chun-Chuen , Chen Jeng-Lung , Sankar Raman , Chen Chi-Liang , Hsu Chia-Hao , Chang Chung-Chieh , Chen Cheng-Lung , Dong Chung-Li , Chou Fang-Cheng , Chen Kuei-Hsien , Wu Maw-Kuen , Chen Yang-Yuan
Published: September 2015

We demonstrate the control of phase composition in Bridgman-grown β-Zn4Sb3 crystals by indium doping, an effective way to overcome the difficulty of growing very pure β-Zn4Sb3 thermoelectric material. The crystal structures are characterized by Rietveld refinement with synchrotron X-ray diffraction data. The results show an anisotropic lattice expansion in In-doped β-Zn4Sb3 wherein the zinc atoms are partially substituted by indium ones at 36f site of R-3c symmetry. Through the elimination of ZnSb phase, all the three individual thermoelectric properties are simultaneously improved, i.e., increasing electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient while reducing thermal conductivity. Under an optimal In concentration (x = 0.05), pure phase β-Zn4Sb3 crystal can be obtained, which possesses a high figure of merit (ZT) of 1.4 at 700 K.
Diaphragm shape effect on the sensitivity of surface acoustic wave based pressure sensor for harsh environment
Authors: Wang Tao , Mu Xiaojing , Randles Andrew Benson , Gu Yuandong , Lee Chengkuo
Published: September 2015

Aluminum Nitride (AlN) based surface acoustic wave (SAW) pressure sensors for harsh environment applications are of great interest in recent years. Such sensor employs a thick diaphragm (∼50 μm) to endure the high pressure, but this seriously limits the sensitivity of these devices. Understanding of the working mechanism and the effect of geometrical parameters will yield the design principles to achieve improved sensitivity. In this letter, the effect of diaphragm on the performance of SAW pressure sensors is studied. AlN based SAW resonators on (100) wafer with different diaphragm shapes are fabricated, packaged, and characterized. Pressure coefficient of frequency (PCF) of pressure sensors with circular diaphragm, rectangular diaphragm (small aspect ratio) and rectangular diaphragm (large aspect ratio) is found to be 0.071 ppm/psi, 0.038 ppm/psi, and −0.171 ppm/psi, respectively. The longitudinal and lateral strains along the SAW propagation direction (〈100〉 direction) have the opposite effects on the frequency change, i.e., longitudinal strain increases the resonant frequency while lateral strain decreases the resonant frequency. Hence, the measured PCF is a combined effect of the two strains, whereby increase in lateral strain results in lower PCF. The ratio of longitudinal/lateral strain is determined by the diaphragm shape. The rectangular diaphragm (large aspect ratio) with only lateral strain thus shows negative PCF. Additionally, by changing the wafer plane, SAW propagation direction and ratio of longitudinal/lateral strains may help to enhance the primary strain effect and minimize the reverse strain effect. This approach could further improve the sensitivity of pressure sensor without sacrificing its high pressure sensing range for harsh environment applications.
Concentration-dependent, simultaneous multi-wavelength amplified spontaneous emission in organic thin films using Förster resonance energy transfer
Authors: Xu T. , Wei M. J. , Zhang H. , Zheng Y. Q. , Chen G. , Wei B.
Published: September 2015

We have demonstrated amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) characteristics of binary blends with green and red laser dyes and ternary blends with three primary color laser dyes. The results show that the stimulated emission rate of donor can be balanced with the Förster resonance energy transfer from the donor to the acceptor by adjusting the doping concentration of donor or acceptor dye, leading to the realization of the multi-wavelength ASE. The binary blend emission is at 493 and 570 nm with threshold at 15.7 and 19.1 μJ/cm2, respectively, while the ternary blend emission is at 452, 510, and 596 nm with threshold at 22.0, 18.6, and 23.8 μJ/cm2, respectively.
Determining the mean size and density of clusters, formed in super sonic jets, by Rayleigh scattering and Mach-Zehnder interferometer
Authors: Gupta Kailash C. , Jha Nandan , Deb Paramita , Mishra D. R. , Fuloria Jayant K.
Published: September 2015

In this work, the formation of clusters in a supersonic jet expansion has been investigated. Clusters of argon, carbon-dioxide, nitrogen, and oxygen have been generated in the gas jet with three different types of nozzles (0.5 mm diameter, 0.8 mm diameter, and a conical nozzle with 0.8 mm diameter aperture). The mean size and density of the clusters have been measured as a function of backing pressure. Here, density of clusters refers to the density of the cluster collection. Rayleigh scattering experimental data and Mach-Zehnder interferometer data have been combined to estimate the average size and density of clusters. CO2 and Ar clusters form easily at about a backing pressure of 2 bars, while N2 and O2 clusters do not form easily. N2 and O2 begin to cluster at a backing pressure of about 18–24 bars. The mean cluster radius of Ar varies from 6.6 Å to 24 Å and the cluster radius of CO2 varies from about 8.8 Å to 35 Å as the backing pressure increases from 3 bars to 14 bars. In the same range of backing pressures, the average cluster gas density changes from 37.3 × 1015 cm−3 to 1.6 × 1015 cm−3 for Ar clusters and changes from 10.52 × 1015 cm−3 to 0.22 × 1015 cm−3 for CO2 clusters. It is assumed that the condensation into clusters is total. The mean cluster radius of N2 is smaller and varies approximately from 4.2 Å to 8.6 Å and the cluster radius of O2 varies from about 4.9 Å to 12.4 Å as the backing pressure increases in the range of 18 bars to 35 bars. In the same range of backing pressures, the average cluster density changes from 48.2 × 1016 cm−3 to 3.7 × 1016 cm−3 for N2 clusters and from 21.5 × 1016 cm−3 to 1.3 × 1016 cm−3 for O2 clusters.
Strongly compressed Bi (111) bilayer films on Bi2Se3 studied by scanning tunneling microscopy
Authors: Zhang K. F. , Yang Fang , Song Y. R. , Liu Canhua , Qian Dong , Gao C. L. , Jia Jin-Feng
Published: September 2015

Ultra-thin Bi films show exotic electronic structure and novel quantum effects, especially the widely studied Bi (111) film. Using reflection high-energy electron diffraction and scanning tunneling microscopy, we studied the structure and morphology evolution of Bi (111) thin films grown on Bi2Se3. A strongly compressed, but quickly released in-plane lattice of Bi (111) is found in the first three bilayers. The first bilayer of Bi shows a fractal growth mode with flat surface, while the second and third bilayer show a periodic buckling due to the strong compression of the in-plane lattice. The lattice slowly changes to its bulk value with further deposition of Bi.
Understanding the conductance switching of permethyloligosilanes: A theoretical approach
Authors: Pramanik Anup , Sarkar Pranab
Published: September 2015

On the basis of ab initio density functional theory coupled with non-equilibrium Green’s function technique, we have presented a molecular level understanding on the stereoelectronic switching of conducting properties of oligosilane molecules. Su et al. [Nat. Chem. 7, 215–220 (2015)] demonstrated that these types of oligosilane molecules exhibit three stereoconformers which show two distinct conducting profiles. On the basis of break-junction technique, the authors show that manipulating a specific dihedral angle and thereby controlling the length of the molecular contact, it is possible to switch the conducting states minutely. However, their discussions scarce the proper energy level alignment upon which the molecule-lead tunneling amplitude depends. On the basis of electronic structure and non-equilibrium electron transport calculations, we interpret such switching behavior and thus quantify the switching parameter demonstrating how the metal-molecule contact geometry along with the electronic energy level alignment is responsible for such kind of junction process. We also provide the variation of switching parameter and the type of majority carrier with the conjugation length of the oligosilanes.
Evidence of dilute ferromagnetism in rare-earth doped yttrium aluminium garnet
Authors: Farr Warrick G. , Goryachev Maxim , le Floch Jean-Michel , Bushev Pavel , Tobar Michael E.
Published: September 2015

This work demonstrates strong coupling regime between an erbium ion spin ensemble and microwave hybrid cavity-whispering gallery modes in a yttrium aluminium garnet dielectric crystal. Coupling strengths of 220 MHz and mode quality factors in excess of 106 are demonstrated. Moreover, the magnetic response of high-Q modes demonstrates behaviour which is unusual for paramagnetic systems. This behaviour includes hysteresis and memory effects. Such qualitative change of the system's magnetic field response is interpreted as a phase transition of rare earth ion impurities. This phenomenon is similar to the phenomenon of dilute ferromagnetism in semiconductors. The clear temperature dependence of the phenomenon is demonstrated.
Epitaxial ferromagnetic Fe3Si on GaAs(111)A with atomically smooth surface and interface
Authors: Liu Y. C. , Chen Y. W. , Tseng S. C. , Chang M. T. , Lo S. C. , Lin Y. H. , Cheng C. K. , Hung H. Y. , Hsu C. H. , Kwo J. , Hong M.
Published: September 2015

Single crystal ferromagnetic Fe3Si(111) films were grown epitaxially on GaAs(111)A by molecular beam epitaxy. These hetero-structures possess extremely low surface roughness of 1.3 Å and interfacial roughness of 1.9 Å, measured by in-situ scanning tunneling microscope and X-ray reflectivity analyses, respectively, showing superior film quality, comparing to those attained on GaAs(001) in previous publications. The atomically smooth interface was revealed by the atomic-resolution Z (atomic number)-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images using the correction of spherical aberration (Cs)-corrected electron probe. Excellent crystallinity and perfect lattice match were both confirmed by high resolution x-ray diffraction. Measurements of magnetic property for the Fe3Si/GaAs(111) yielded a saturation moment of 990 emu/cm3 with a small coercive field ≤1 Oe at room temperature.
Harmonic phases of the nanoparticle magnetization: An intrinsic temperature probe
Authors: Garaio Eneko , Collantes Juan-Mari , Garcia Jose Angel , Plazaola Fernando , Sandre Olivier
Published: September 2015

Magnetic fluid hyperthermia is a promising cancer therapy in which magnetic nanoparticles act as heat sources activated by an external AC magnetic field. The nanoparticles, located near or inside the tumor, absorb energy from the magnetic field and then heat up the cancerous tissues. During the hyperthermia treatment, it is crucial to control the temperature of different tissues: too high temperature can cause undesired damage in healthy tissues through an uncontrolled necrosis. However, the current thermometry in magnetic hyperthermia presents some important technical problems. The widely used optical fiber thermometers only provide the temperature in a discrete set of spatial points. Moreover, surgery is required to locate these probes in the correct place. In this scope, we propose here a method to measure the temperature of a magnetic sample. The approach relies on the intrinsic properties of the magnetic nanoparticles because it is based on monitoring the thermal dependence of the high order harmonic phases of the nanoparticle dynamic magnetization. The method is non-invasive and it does not need any additional probe or sensor attached to the magnetic nanoparticles. Moreover, this method has the potential to be used together with the magnetic particle imaging technique to map the spatial distribution of the temperature.
Shuttle-promoted nano-mechanical current switch
Authors: Song Taegeun , Gorelik Leonid Y. , Shekhter Robert I. , Kiselev Mikhail N. , Kikoin Konstantin
Published: September 2015

We investigate electron shuttling in three-terminal nanoelectromechanical device built on a movable metallic rod oscillating between two drains. The device shows a double-well shaped electromechanical potential tunable by a source-drain bias voltage. Four stationary regimes controllable by the bias are found for this device: (i) single stable fixed point, (ii) two stable fixed points, (iii) two limit cycles, and (iv) single limit cycle. In the presence of perpendicular magnetic field, the Lorentz force makes possible switching from one electromechanical state to another. The mechanism of tunable transitions between various stable regimes based on the interplay between voltage controlled electromechanical instability and magnetically controlled switching is suggested. The switching phenomenon is implemented for achieving both a reliable active current switch and sensoring of small variations of magnetic field.
Ultra-thin silicon/electro-optic polymer hybrid waveguide modulators
Authors: Qiu Feng , Sato Hiromu , Spring Andrew M. , Maeda Daisuke , Ozawa Masa-aki , Odoi Keisuke , Aoki Isao , Otomo Akira , Yokoyama Shiyoshi
Published: September 2015

Ultra-thin silicon and electro-optic (EO) polymer hybrid waveguide modulators have been designed and fabricated. The waveguide consists of a silicon core with a thickness of 30 nm and a width of 2 μm. The cladding is an EO polymer. Optical mode calculation reveals that 55% of the optical field around the silicon extends into the EO polymer in the TE mode. A Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) modulator was prepared using common coplanar electrodes. The measured half-wave voltage of the MZI with 7 μm spacing and 1.3 cm long electrodes is 4.6 V at 1550 nm. The evaluated EO coefficient is 70 pm/V, which is comparable to that of the bulk EO polymer film. Using ultra-thin silicon is beneficial in order to reduce the side-wall scattering loss, yielding a propagation loss of 4.0 dB/cm. We also investigated a mode converter which couples light from the hybrid EO waveguide into a strip silicon waveguide. The calculation indicates that the coupling loss between these two devices is small enough to exploit the potential fusion of a hybrid EO polymer modulator together with a silicon micro-photonics device.
Interband cascade lasers with >40% continuous-wave wallplug efficiency at cryogenic temperatures
Authors: Canedy C. L. , Kim C. S. , Merritt C. D. , Bewley W. W. , Vurgaftman I. , Meyer J. R. , Kim M.
Published: September 2015

Broad-area 10-stage interband cascade lasers (ICLs) emitting at λ = 3.0–3.2 μm are shown to maintain continuous-wave (cw) wallplug efficiencies exceeding 40% at temperatures up to 125 K, despite having a design optimized for operation at ambient and above. The cw threshold current density at 80 K is only 11 A/cm2 for a 2 mm cavity with anti-reflection/high-reflection coatings on the two facets. The external differential quantum efficiency for a 1-mm-long cavity with the same coatings is 70% per stage at 80 K, and still above 65% at 150 K. The results demonstrate that at cryogenic temperatures, where free carrier absorption losses are minimized, ICLs can convert electrical to optical energy nearly as efficiently as the best specially designed intersubband-based quantum cascade lasers.
Sequential write-read operations in FeRh antiferromagnetic memory
Authors: Moriyama Takahiro , Matsuzaki Noriko , Kim Kab-Jin , Suzuki Ippei , Taniyama Tomoyasu , Ono Teruo
Published: September 2015

B2-ordered FeRh has been known to exhibit antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic (AF-F) phase transitions in the vicinity of room temperature. Manipulation of the Néel order via AF-F phase transition and recent experimental observation of the anisotropic magnetoresistance in antiferromagnetic FeRh has proven that FeRh is a promising candidate for antiferromagnetic memory material. In this work, we demonstrate sequential write and read operations in antiferromagnetic memory resistors made of B2-orderd FeRh thin films by a magnetic field and electric current only, which open a realistic pathway towards operational antiferromagnetic memory devices.
Cytoplasmic membrane activities during first cleavage of zona-free porcine embryos: description and consequences
Authors: Li Rong , Liu Ying , Pedersen Hanne Skovsgaard , Callesen Henrik
Published: September 2015

Already at first embryo cleavage subsequent blastocyst formation can be predicted based on morphology but the finer morphological details can be difficult to determine due to the presence of the zona pellucida (ZP). Therefore, we monitored zona-free porcine parthenogenetically activated (PA) embryos in a time-lapse system to: (1) describe and characterise the morphological activity of the cytoplasmic membrane and the distribution to the two nuclei during first cleavage and (2) determine the relationship between specific morphological activities and subsequent embryonic development. After ZP removal the membrane surface activities were clearly visible, so all cleaved embryos could be divided into two groups depending on the surface activity during first cleavage: regular morphology (MN) or irregular morphology with ‘bumps’ (MB). The two nuclei were more unequal in MB embryos in both nucleus size and DNA quantity. After first cleavage, MB embryos could be further divided into three types of irregularities (MB1, MB2, MB3) based on their subsequent behaviour. Clear differences in developmental patterns were found between MN and MB embryos, such as delayed first cleavage, compromised blastocyst formation and total cell number. The predictive value of these new types of morphological events was comparable to the more traditionally used time of first cleavage. In conclusion, zona-free embryos allow visualisation of finer morphological details that can provide an early prediction of embryo developmental potential, but further studies are needed on other type of embryos.
Nutrient restriction in early ovine pregnancy stimulates C-type natriuretic peptide production
Authors: Madhavan Sengodi , Prickett Timothy C. R. , Espiner Eric A. , Barrell Graham K.
Published: September 2015

C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), a paracrine growth factor promoting vasodilation and angiogenesis, is upregulated in human and ovine pregnancy in response to vascular stress or nutrient restriction (NR) in late gestation. Postulating that maternal plasma CNP products are increased by modest NR (50% of metabolisable energy requirement) early in pregnancy, and further enhanced by litter size, we studied serial changes of maternal plasma CNP in pregnant ewes receiving a normal (NC, n = 12) or restricted (NR, n = 13) diet from Day 30 to Day 93 or 94 of gestation. Liveweight of NR ewes was 10 kg less than that of NC ewes at slaughter. Plasma CNP products increased progressively after Day 40 and were higher in NR (P < 0.05) ewes after Day 60; they were also enhanced by litter size (P < 0.01) and were positively associated with increased placental efficiency. In contrast, whereas fetal and placental weight were reduced by NR, fetal plasma CNP products (Day 93/94) were not affected. We conclude that increases in CNP during rapid placental growth are further enhanced by both increasing nutrient demands and by reduced supply, presumably as part of an adaptive response benefitting placental–fetal exchange.
Blocking effects and non-clause bound reflexives in Mandarin and American English
Authors: Loss Sara S.
Published: September 2015

A sub-set of languages with non-clause bound (NCB) reflexives exhibits Blocking effects. In these languages, a NCB reflexive is “blocked” from corefering with a higher subject when a lower subject does not agree with a higher subject for person. Accounting for Blocking effects has been challenging. Recently, researchers have posited a functional head that encodes point of view or sentience (e.g. Huang & Liu 2001; Tenny 2006; Chou 2012). However, these analyses do not account for all available data. Here, I offer a small modification to the most recent analysis of this type that accounts for available data by conforming to Chomsky’s cyclic transfer system (2007, 2008). I also provide exploratory data that suggests that (i) NCB reflexives exist in American English and (ii) they unexpectedly exhibit Blocking effects. Finally, I illustrate that the modified analysis for Mandarin also accounts for the distribution of NCB reflexives in American English.
To belong or not to belong: some self-conceptual and behavioural consequences of identity uncertainty / Pertenecer o no pertenecer: algunas consecuencias de la incertidumbre identitaria en el autoconcepto y en el comportamiento
Authors: Hogg Michael A.
Published: September 2015

How does identity uncertainty affect the extent and way in which people identify with and define themselves in terms of prototypical group attributes? According to uncertainty-identity theory feelings of uncertainty about oneself and one’s identity are a powerful motive for identifying with and defining oneself in terms of a social group, particularly one that is a distinctive and clearly defined entity that furnishes a consensual group prototype. In this article I overview uncertainty-identity theory and some of its key findings, with a particular focus on how uncertainty-identity processes can produce extremism — zealous identification with and attachment to autocratically led, normatively homogeneous groups that are pronouncedly ethnocentric and intolerant of dissent. I also explore uncertainty-identity contexts in which groups may break apart and where people may be reticent about identifying with highly entitative groups — a discussion of marginalization, exclusion and schism.
Redox Biology in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (2013 Grover Conference Series)
Authors: Fessel Joshua P. , West James D.
Published: September 2015

Through detailed interrogation of the molecular pathways that contribute to the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), the separate but related processes of oxidative stress and cellular metabolic dysfunction have emerged as being critical pathogenic mechanisms that are as yet relatively untargeted therapeutically. In this review, we have attempted to summarize some of the important existing studies, to point out areas of overlap between oxidative stress and metabolic dysfunction, and to do so under the unifying heading of redox biology. We discuss the importance of precision in assessing oxidant signaling versus oxidant injury and why this distinction matters. We endeavor to advance the discussion of carbon‐substrate metabolism beyond a focus on glucose and its fate in the cell to encompass other carbon substrates and some of the murkiness surrounding our understanding of how they are handled in different cell types. Finally, we try to bring these ideas together at the level of the mitochondrion and to point out some additional points of possible cognitive dissonance that warrant further experimental probing. The body of beautiful science regarding the molecular and cellular details of redox biology in PAH points to a future that includes clinically useful therapies that target these pathways. To fully realize the potential of these future interventions, we hope that some of the issues raised in this review can be addressed proactively.
Rhizobial Diversity and Nodulation Characteristics of the Extremely Promiscuous Legume Sophora flavescens
Authors: Jiao Yin Shan , Liu Yuan Hui , Yan Hui , Wang En Tao , Tian Chang Fu , Chen Wen Xin , Guo Bao Lin , Chen Wen Feng
Published: September 2015

In present study, we report our extensive survey on the diversity and biogeography of rhizobia associated with Sophora flavescens, a sophocarpidine (matrine)-containing medicinal legume. We additionally investigated the cross nodulation, infection pattern, light and electron microscopies of root nodule sections of S. flavescens infected by various rhizobia. Seventeen genospecies of rhizobia belonging to five genera with seven types of symbiotic nodC genes were found to nodulate S. flavescens in natural soils. In the cross-nodulation tests, most representative rhizobia in class α-Proteobacteria, whose host plants belong to different cross-nodulation groups, form effective indeterminate nodules, while representative rhizobia in class β-Proteobacteria form ineffective nodules on S. flavescens. Highly host-specific biovars of Rhizobium leguminosarum (bv. trifolii and bv. viciae) and Rhizobium etli bv. phaseoli could establish symbioses with S. flavescens, providing further evidence that S. flavescens is an extremely promiscuous legume and it does not have strict selectivity on either the symbiotic genes or the species-determining housekeeping genes of rhizobia. Root-hair infection is found as the pattern that rhizobia have gained entry into the curled root hairs. Electron microscopies of ultra-thin sections of S. flavescens root nodules formed by different rhizobia show that the bacteroids are regular or irregular rod shape and nonswollen types. Some bacteroids contain poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), while others do not, indicating the synthesis of PHB in bacteroids is rhizobia-dependent. The extremely promiscuous symbiosis between S. flavescens and different rhizobia provide us a basis for future studies aimed at understanding the molecular interactions of rhizobia and legumes.