bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biopesticide effect of compost generated from municipal solid waste
Authors: Nagendran R. , Joseph Kurian , L. Umayal
Published: August 2020

Indiscriminate disposal of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) creates several environmental andpublic health problems. Composting of MSW involves managing conditions to accelerate thebiological decomposition of some of its organic components. In this process various bacteriaand fungi, break down organic matter into simpler substances. Compost derived from MSWcontains antagonistic microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma sp. AndPseudomonas sp., which can be used to control many soil borne plant pathogens.Germination experiment was carried out to ascertain the influence of the stabilization processof compost derived from MSW on its biopesticide effect when Fusarium oxysporum, a plantpathogenic fungus was introduced into Lycopersicon esculentum (Tomato). Water extract often-year-old compost derived from MSW with heat-treated soil in different proportions wereused in this experiment. The biopesticide effect of compost derived from ten and two-year-oldMSW collected at different depths was evaluated from the number of genninated seeds androot elongated measurement. The compost samples were analysed for moisture content, pH,electrical conductivity, total solids, volatile solids, fixed solids, organic carbon, organicnitrogen, C/N ratio, total phosphate, potassium, and total microbial count to assess thecharacteristics of the compost.Lycopersicon esculentum seeds inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum were placed in Petriplates. Seeds were watered with extracts of ten-year-old compost and heat-treated soil mixedin different proportions. Seeds without inoculation were maintained as control. After 8 days,the number of genninated seeds was observed and root elongated was measured. Then insteadof ten-year-old compost, two-year-old compost was used and the experiment was conductedin the same way.Addition of compost to soil resulted in the suppression of Fusarium wilt caused by Fusariumoxysporum. Microbial antagonism was responsible for this property. It was dependent onnutrient competition involving total micro flora of the soil and compost; and relied on themechanism of general suppression.
Sustainable practices that allow the recycling of solid waste and wastewater in urban marketgardening
Authors: Rojas-Valencia Ma. Neftali , Orta de Velasquez Ma. Teresa , Franco Victor
Published: August 2020

Mexico City generates almost 11,900 tons of solid waste per day; 50% of the waste is organicand 34% recyclable, As a consequence of the large amount of waste produced, the scarcity ofpotable water, the increase in wastewater generation, and the need in cities to satisfy thegrowing demand for healthy nutritious food, it has become essential to devise alternativemethods that will contribute to satisfying one of the most basic of human needs: the need forfood, This study proposes a safe method for the disinfection of wastewater destined for reusein urban agriculture. It also discusses the year-round production of fresh vegetables inconfined urban spaces, using sustainable practices that involve the recycling of waste whilst atthe same time saving water.To address the aforementioned problems, this study aimed to detennine the efficiency ofapplying organoponic techniques to urban crops, using selected organic compounds andrecyclable solid waste products, plus home-made organic fertilizers and treated wastewater,Three different methods of wastewater disinfection were tested: Ozone, APT, and acombination of both, The results obtained demonstrate that in addition to disinfecting thewastewater, Ozone contributes with oxygen and nutrients to the soil, thereby reducing theneed for chemical fertilizers. Ozone also reduces the risk of infection by eliminating highlypathogenic micro-organisms, and increases the rate of plant growth, Great benefits cantherefore be derived from employing these urban agriculture techniques because, in additionto putting to good use waste products that are generated by the ton, these techniques alsoproduce quality food plants that are I 00% organic,
Trace elements accumulation in walnut growing on residential areas in Ukraine
Authors: Svirenko Lidija , Butenko Nataliya , Khandogina Olga
Published: August 2020

The Walnut (Jugland regia L,) is wide spread on the territory of Ukraine, This big fine tree isgrown both in orchards, park, in roadside green belts, It is popular for high nutritive value oftheir nuts, bactericidal properties of leaves, volatile production. Pilot investigation has beenheld to reveal trace elements accumulation in walnut depending on traits of environment inurban and rural areas,Leaves and nuts of walnut have been sampled in 2003-2004 September in different parts ofthe country, Leaf, kernel and nutshell have been ashed and analysed (ESA) separately,Main results of investigation are as follows: accumulation of phosphorus, copper, zinc andlead in kernel estimated; probably nutshell serves as a barrier for strontium accumulation inkernel; lead concentration is higher in kernel of walnut growing along motorway and may canreach sanitary limit; zinc concentration inversely is higher on rural areas; arsenic has beenfind in matter sampled near railway roads,In future more detailed investigation of Walnut could make it possible to estimate the walnutas an instrument for pollution monitoring and control.
Full scale process design for energy recovery from apple waste at the Epleblomsten juice factory
Authors: Greer Timothy , Song Yuan , Wu Wenjun , Botheju Deshai , Bakke Rune
Published: August 2020

The aim of this project was to design a biogas process to recovery energy from the applewaste for Epleblomsten juice factory, The apple waste was proposed to be treated byextracting a liquid with high organic content from the solid apple waste and treating thisleachate, From other studies the apple waste leachate organic content had been found to be inthe range from 80 to 180 kg COD/m3_ These values and information regarding the leachatecomposition were used to design and simulate various full scale processes, The factory energyrequirement was estimated at 400 kWh during full production and reactor was designed andsimulated at the various leachate concentrations to produce enough energy to meet thedemand of the factory, It was found that a traditional completely stirred mixed reactor (CSTR)required a volume of-74 m3 to produce enough biogas for the energy demand while a UASBreactor of 18,5 m3 volume was detem1ined capable of producing the same peak biogasdemand, The UASB process requires a relatively particle free feed, obtained by extracting aleachate from the solids, It is therefore concluded that a high efficiency biogas process can beobtained by treating leachate instead of the whole waste slurry, It was also theoreticallydetermined that the biogas from the waste leachate can meet the factory energy demand allyear around and energy (biogas) production rates could be adjusted by adjusting the feed ofleachate to the reactor,
Process optimization of dry batch anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste
Authors: Juanga Jeanger P.
Published: August 2020

Optimizing anaerobic digestion aims to maximize organic waste stabilization at shortdigestion period with higher biogas production. This paper presents different strategies tooptimize the anaerobic digestion of organic fraction of municipal solid waste in combinedprocess in which early flushing and microaeration were conducted during pre-stage, Also, theinfluence of substrate particle size reduction and the advantage of thermophilic system overmesophilic in the overall digestion process are presented, Additionally, an attempt was takento employ sequential staging concept by using a mature (old) reactor which underwent acombined digestion process. Importantly, process evaluation between an optimized combinedprocess and sequential staging concept were evaluated with the main objective of optimizingthe process, Process efficiency evaluation was based on biochemical methane potential(BMP) test The overall result suggest that the combined anaerobic digestion process can beoptimized by conducting shorter duration of pre-stage at reduced volume of flushing waterwith microearation, under thennophilic condition at reduced substrate particle size of 30 mm,Nevertheless, the sequential staging concept offers an improved operation over the combinedanaerobic digestion wherein the higher specific methane yield of 11.9 L CH4/kg VS.day wasachieved, Improved waste stabilization with 86% and 79% mass and volume reduction whichcorresponds to 84% process efficiency was obtained by sequential staging process,
Grease trap waste: a headache or a valuable energy source?
Authors: Xing Ji , Marques Marcia , Li Li
Published: August 2020

In this article, the grease trap waste (GTW) is defined and its composition is discussed. Themanagement strategy, including collection, transportation, separation and treatment of GTWis briefly discussed. Technological options currently used including landfill, fermentation forbiogas, separation of oil from water and other organic matters by boiling are also mentioned.The state of the art regarding energy from GTW in developed countries like Singapore,Australia and USA and developing countries including China is addressed and the first-handdata are collected. The "zero-energy consumption, no mal odor emission" GTW separationtechnology is presented. The pilot GTW to bio-diesel plant in small and medium- sized citieslike Neiqiu and Xingtai in Hebei Province, China, shows that the conception of waste toenergy is technologically, environmentally and economically feasible. Academic studies andengineering practice show that, if GTW is rationally managed, it is an important energysource to mankind; otherwise, it creates constraints in treatment facilities.
Sustainable handling of the river basin/river/floodplainnsystem for the conservation of watern resources in urban areas
Authors: Galavoti Ricardo Camilo , Ohnuma Jr. Alfredo Akira , Vasconcellos Anai Floriano , De Andrade Juliana Pontes M. , De Almeida Neto Paulino , Bottino Flavia , Mendiondo Eduardo Mario
Published: August 2020

This paper focuses an integrated management system of the river basin/river/flood plain complex in urban areas, based on a sustainable handling management concept of urban basins, directed to river ecology aspects, and to a including quantitative-qualitative management of the concepts of "detention" and "retention" at urban building lots scale, as decentralized steps for maintenance and preservation of river basin water quality and river ecosystem, The "detention" concept uses a selective storage technology for surface water volumes by house cisterns to improve the rainwater management deriving from impermeable areas of urban building lots. The "retention" concept uses a controlled reuse technology of surface and subsurface wastewater volumes, derived from domestic sewage treatment with a previous treatment and by using a safe fertirrigation (providing plants with the nutrients they need), under controlling of the infiltration capacity in the permeable areas of urban building lots.
Urban runoff: its significance, chemical characteristics, and possible chemical treatment
Authors: Joshi Umid Man , Balasubramanian Rajasekhar
Published: August 2020

Most of the countries around the world including Singapore are becoming water scarce,Limited fresh water resources and growing demand of water in urban areas have intensifiedthe search for non-conventional water resources, For countries like Singapore, which receivescopious rainfall, the use of stormwater (rainfall which runs off urban areas such as roofs,roads, and vegetated surfaces) has the potential to enhance urban water supply, However,using urban landscape as catchments has its inherent challenges, Human activities introducechemical and biological contaminants of different types into the urban runoff, affecting itsquality significantly. Environmentally-friendly as well as cost-effective treatmenttechnologies are needed to treat urban runoff at points of collection so that the treatedstorn1water can be used for a range of practical applications,In order to identify the most appropriate treatment technology, it is necessary to have detailedinformation on the physical and chemical characteristics of urban runoff collected at anetwork of urban sites, As these characteristics of urban runoff largely depend on land usepatterns, stormwater samples have been collected in this study from various land use sectorsusing automated samplers and subsequently processed in the laboratory to establish theirchemical characteristics mainly in terms of trace metals, and organic compounds. Resultsobtained from the chemical characterization work are presented followed by the discussion onthe potential of enhancing urban runoff quality through chemical treatment with a strongoxidant having multiple functions including coagulation, flocculation, and disinfection.
Sewage sludge valorisation by means of pyrolysis and gasification
Authors: Fonts Isabel , Aznar Maria , Abrego Javier , Garcia Gorka , Lazaro Luisa
Published: August 2020

In this work, the main results about the investigations into the pyrolysis and the gasification ofsewage sludge of the Thermo-chemical Processes Group are being presented, Pyrolysis hasbeen carried out in three different experimental systems: two kinds of fixed bed reactors and afluidized bed reactor, In these experiments, the influence of the operational conditions onproduct distribution and on some characteristics of these products has been studied, Pyrolysisof sewage sludge in fluidized bed has been studied in order to maximize liquid fuel productyield and optimize its composition. In fixed bed pyrolysis experiments, the influence ofpyrolysis conditions on the production of a solid product (char) and its adsorbent propertieshave been studied. Gasification of sewage sludge has been studied in fluidized bed with theaim of finding the operational conditions that maximize the production of gas and minimizethe presence of tar in this gas.
Influence of the solid waste landfill of Kaliningrad city on atmosphere and soil
Authors: Vershinina Maria
Published: August 2020

The solid waste polygon of Kaliningrad City was established in I 978. According to Russianenvironment protection legislation a special internal program for an enterprise to monitor andcontrol the impact on surface and underground water, air, soil, noise is necessary to beprepared. In 200 I KMC "Chistota" approved such a program and started to regularly makechemical analysis of surface water, soil and air.
Improving the performance of fragments of computer code with high time costs based on parallel programming technologies
Authors: Zainetdinov Artem , Rudzeyt Oleg , Nedyak Anton
Published: August 2020

This article describes the process of converting the program from single-threaded to multithreaded mode. The influence of the number of threads of execution on the total execution time of the code. The problem of spending much time to run programs solved by incremental parallelization when the code is designed for sequential execution, are added to the parallelizing directives. Are similar libraries for working with threads in other programming languages and the advantages of OpenMP over other libraries. Considered a model of parallelizing OpenMP directives, which is time-consuming to run the snippet in multi-threaded mode. The article also presents example code implemented using the C++ language, which built the parallelizing directives of OpenMP. In this model, the estimated execution time of a code snippet of a program with different number of threads. The study showed that with increasing the number of threads the run time is significantly reduced on the average in 1,5–2 times. This happens until the moment when the number of threads will be equal to the number of processor cores. If the number of threads becomes greater than the number of processor cores, the execution time of the program remains virtually unchanged. Are the OpenMP library allows to significantly shorten the program, which can be critical for works of real-time systems, to reduce the time of creating multithreaded applications is simple inserts directives of the library, to reduce the number of errors made by the programmer in the course of working with multi-threaded applications.
Tokenization of assets and products
Authors: Rudzeyt Oleg , Nedyak Anton , Zainetdinov Artem
Published: August 2020

This article is about tokenization of assets and products based on blockchain technology. Tokenization continues the idea of securities, but only in the field of digital technologies. Various financial instruments have long been used that eliminate the risks of turnover of valuable physical assets, such as precious metals, by replacing them with less valuable equivalents. This is, for example, the use of banknotes and coins made of non-precious metals, Bank checks, and so on. Tokenization allows you to convert rights to a valuable physical asset into a digital token. The objects of tokenization can be real estate, various securities, manufactured products or raw materials, and so on. Such a token can be put into circulation on primary and secondary markets, as well as, often, «cashed» – that is, it can be exchanged from the manufacturer for the corresponding products. An important feature of tokenization is the ability to divide the value of indivisible assets, such as art and collectibles. This allows you to attract investors with small capital and makes it easier to benefit from initially expensive and low-liquid assets. However, this technology has a number of problems. The main problem with tokenization is that there is still no clear regulation of these digital assets in all countries of the world. In the United States, for example, tokens are often equated with securities. In Germany, it is considered that each case of tokenization should be considered separately, but tokens that grant rights similar to those granted by traditional shares are classified as financial instruments and are subject to appropriate regulation. In the future, after the problems are resolved, tokenization can replace the traditional way of representing the value of physical assets – securities, and also become a convenient financial tool for trading products and assets.
Waterproofing materials to protect the structures of transport structures
Authors: Dubinyak Anastasia , Ovchinnikov Ilya
Published: August 2020

The article is devoted to the problem of providing waterproofing and vapor barrier protection against the effects of water seepage or deicing salt solution. The question is raised that in the current conditions of modern construction, they do not always pay due attention to the issue of high-quality waterproofing coating, which in turn is one of the most important components for maintaining durability, for ensuring the strength and reliability of the main constructive structures of transport structures, and most importantly, for unconditional safety of people at these facilities. In the framework of this work, the types of waterproofing materials were analyzed and classified, the methods and conditions for the use of waterproofing materials were examined, and the positive and negative features of waterproofing transport structures were described.
In addition, in this article, the authors examine in detail each of the types of waterproofing material separately, provide the positive and negative sides of each of them, and also describe the application technology. The experience of using sprayed, surfaced and coated waterproofing is also described. A positive example of the use of each type of waterproofing, and somewhere and the whole waterproofing system in the field of tunneling, both in Russia and in foreign countries, is considered. The experience of using the products of the most popular manufacturers of waterproofing materials on the Russian market in bridge building is also described, however, there are both positive examples and, unfortunately, negative ones in this area.
Having analyzed the types of waterproofing systems and the experience of their application, we can conclude that in recent years special attention has been paid to the protection of structures, but effective and universal waterproofing for engineering structures has not yet been invented, in view of this, the area is promising for new discoveries.
ESTUDIO CRÍTICO SOBRE LAS INVESTIGACIONES REFERENTES A LOS MORISCOS Y SU LEGADO: DE LA ESCUELA FUNDADORA A LA CORRIENTE NACIONALISTA
Authors: Zakaria Marchoud
Published: August 2020

El presente trabajo gira en torno a los moriscos y su legado en la historiografía española. El objetivo consiste en presentar, de modo cronológico, las tendencias intelectuales españolas que marcaron los estudios moriscos y sus debidas críticas. El artículo trata la escuela fundadora y el enorme papel que desempeñó en el hallazgo y divulgación del manuscrito; así como la era nacionalista donde el estudio de la moriscología alcanza una madurez intelectual considerable. Asimismo, se señalan sus aciertos y errores mediante una crítica terminológica firme. Para ello, se recurre a un método sistemáticamente analítico. En primer lugar, se recopilan los principales estudios hechos en España que tratan los moriscos y su producción literaria, para proceder desde luego a su crítica. Así, se pretende demostrar que, si bien la escuela española contribuyó enormemente en el desarrollo de la moriscología como disciplina, hace falta un giro crucial en el estudio de los moriscos para insuflar más rigor científico al tema.
Morphological, Molecular, and Biogeographic Evidence for Specific Recognition of Euthamia hirtipes and Euthamia scabra (Asteraceae, Astereae)
Authors: Szubryt Marisa B. , Urbatsch Lowell E. , Vargas-Rodriguez Yalma L. , Barfknecht David , Neubig Kurt M.
Published: August 2020

Abstract—The number and identity of species within Euthamia (Asteraceae, Astereae) have varied considerably among taxonomic treatments. Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt. is often treated broadly, including plants from the northern and eastern United States
and Canada, including the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts. Broad-leaved, largely glabrous plants from New Jersey to the Florida Panhandle have been inconsistently treated as E. graminifolia, E. graminifolia var. hirtipes (Fernald) C.E.S. Taylor & R.J. Taylor, E. hirtipes
(Fernald) Sieren, or a hybrid between E graminifolia and E. caroliniana (L.) Greene ex Porter & Britton. Similarly, plants from the Florida Panhandle to eastern Louisiana have been incorporated into E. graminifolia or E. graminifolia var. hirtipes
with only Greene in 1902 recognizing these plants as a distinct species, E. scabra Greene. To determine the identity and proper rank of these entities, morphological and phylogenetic analyses were performed to evaluate relationships within Euthamia. Plants from the Atlantic
Coast most morphologically resemble Gulf Coast plants which similarly resemble E. gymnospermoides Greene. The Gulf Coast plants and E. gymnospermoides share similar DNA sequences while the Atlantic Coast plants represent a unique clade. Neither Gulf Coast nor Atlantic Coast plants
contain highly polymorphic sequences, indicating that they are not hybrids. Occasional plants found within southernmost Alabama and the Florida Panhandle have polymorphic sequences and intermediate morphology however, suggesting that putative hybrids exist between Gulf and Atlantic Coast plants.
This study concludes that both entities deserve specific rank as E. scabra Greene for scabrous plants along the central Gulf Coast and E. hirtipes (Fernald) Sieren for largely glabrous plants mostly along the Atlantic Coast. Ecological niche modeling indicates that precipitation,
especially during summer months, and soils, namely coarse fragments and sand content, drive the distribution of these organisms, largely restricted to either side of the Apalachicola River serving as a distributional barrier.
Integrative Taxonomic Analyses Sheds Light on Three Historically Disputed American Spermacoce Species, and a Key to the American Species of Spermacoce (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae)
Authors: Florentin Mariela Nuñez , Florentín Javier E. , Salas Roberto M.
Published: August 2020

Abstract—There has been great confusion between Spermacoce glabra, S. riparia, and S. tenuior since their original descriptions. These species can be distinguished mostly by their seed features. Clustering and principal coordinate analyses (PCoA) were
used to scrutinize the formation of hierarchical non-overlapping groups strictly according to the degree of morphological similarity. Thirteen characters were scored for 26 herbaria specimens. The taxonomic identity of these three species is discussed. Redefined descriptions and illustrations
are provided, especially for fruit, seed, and pollen characters. A map and a discussion of the updated geographical distribution of these species are included. A table summarizing the different taxonomic concepts in contemporary floristic studies and an identification key to all American Spermacoce
species are also provided. The new combination Spermacoce affinis (DC.) R.M. Salas is presented here.
Subspecies Variation of Daucus carota Coastal (“Gummifer”) Morphotypes (Apiaceae) Using Genotyping-by-Sequencing
Authors: Martínez-Flores Fernando , Crespo Manuel B. , Simon Philipp W. , Ruess Holly , Reitsma Kathleen , Geoffriau Emmanuel , Allender Charlotte , Mezghani Najla , Spooner David M.
Published: August 2020

Abstract—The genus Daucus is widely distributed worldwide, but with a concentration of diversity in the Mediterranean Region. The D. carota complex presents the greatest taxonomic problems in the genus. We focus on a distinctive phenotypic group
of coastal morphotypes of D. carota, strictly confined to the margins to within about 0.5 km of the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, which we here refer to as coastal morphotypes or D. carota subsp. “gummifer” complex. They are loosely morphologically coherent,
sharing a relatively short stature, thick, broad, sometimes highly glossy leaf segments, and usually flat or convex fruiting umbels. We analyzed 288 accessions obtained from genebanks in England, France, and the USA, and an expedition to Spain in 2016, covering the Mediterranean and Atlantic
coasts and Balearic Islands, where much of the gummifer complex variation occurs. Our study includes 112 accessions not examined before in this context. Genotyping-by-sequencing identified 29,041 filtered SNPs. Based on high bootstrap support from maximum likelihood and Structure analysis
we highlight three main clades. The gummifer morphotypes are intercalated with members of Daucus carota subspecies carota and subspecies maximus in two of these main clades, including a clade containing accessions from Tunisia (also including D. carota subsp. capillifolius)
and a clade containing accessions from western Europe (including the British Isles), southern Europe (including the Balearic Islands and the Iberian Peninsula) and Morocco. These results support five independent selections of the gummifer morphotypes in these restricted maritime environments
in the Mediterranean and nearby Atlantic coasts. Daucus annuus (=Tornabenea annua) and Daucus tenuissimus (=Tornabenea tenuissima) also fall firmly within D. carota, supporting their classification as morphologically well-defined subspecies of D. carota,
which are accepted here under the new combinations Daucus carota subsp. annuus and D. carota subsp. tenuissimus, respectively. Types are indicated for most of treated names, including designation of four lectotypes and three epitypes,
which fix their further use.
Fire resistance of timber-concrete composite slabs
Authors: Ogrin Anita , Hozjan Tomaž
Published: August 2020

The paper presents a simplified method for calculation of resistance of a TCC slab in fire conditions.
Within the method the tensile and the compressive failure criteria in the outermost fibres of the cross-section are checked. The influence of the fire is applied through one-dimensional charring of the timber part of the cross-section in accordance with current standards on reduction of properties of materials. The concrete-timber connection is assumed to be ideal during the determination of resistant moment of the TCC cross-section. On the other hand, the calculation of the deflection of the TCC slab is conducted with the reduction of the connection’s rigidity. The ineffective zone of the timber as well as the cracked tensile zone of concrete part do not contribute to the effective stiffness of the TCC slab. The method is validated against the results of full sized fire tests of one way spanning TCC slabs form literature. Calculated and experimentally determined midspan deflections and failure times of the TCC slabs are compared and their considerable agreement is observed. Due to its convenience and accuracy, the present simplified method represents a useful tool for designers of TCC structures in fire conditions.
Modelling of technical reserves of an insurance company
Authors: Lyzhechko M. S. , Rozora I. V.
Published: August 2020

In the modern rapidly evolving society, the science and the business are facing new needs and challenges constantly. The insurance industry and its mathematical foundation, the actuarial science, are not exceptions. Currently, the greatest challenge that the insurance system has to cope with is the issue of the new international financial standard that affects the calculation of reserves among other things. So far, insurers have mainly used common classical deterministic methods. However, the new standard emphasizes the necessity of the realistic prognosis that is best achieved with stochastic modelling tools since deterministic models do not represent the uncertainty and the random nature of future possible losses. This article considers the advantage of using stochastic modelling for reserve calculation in comparison to the deterministic approach.

The article consists of five sections.

In the first section, we briefly present the technique that lies in the basis of technical reserves calculation.

The second section is devoted to such deterministic methods of reserve calculation as the Bornhuetter-Ferguson method and the chain-ladder method.

In the third section, we consider modifications of two stochastic models – the Mack method and the bootstrapping technique.

The fourth section considers the adjustment of reserves for the time value of money and inflation.

In the fifth section, the results of modelling in the programming language R are presented.
Psychological Safety of Preschool Children when Working with a Computer and the Internet Environment
Authors: Kirillov I.L. , Solovyeva D.A.
Published: August 2020

The article presents the arguments justifying the need for special preventive conversations that will contribute to the formation of skills of safe behavior in cyberspace in preschool children. The issues of safe behavior on the Internet — in relation to preschool children. The relevance and importance of lecture and educational work on the competent use of a computer and the Internet environment is shown.
THE FORMATION OF SPECIAL RIGIDITYAS A THEORETICAL AND LEGAL CONCEPT
Authors: Menshikova A. G. , Dumanskaya E. I.
Published: August 2020

The article provides a historical analysis of the legislative consolidation of the sign of «special cruelty» and related categories. The legal role of this feature at different stages of the formation of criminal law is determined. The authors consider scientific ideas regarding the interpretation of the concepts of «special cruelty», «torture», «torture» and other forms of cruel behavior in the doctrine of criminal law and law enforcement practice of the pre-revolutionary and Soviet periods. In conclusion, the continuity of the norms of the current criminal law in the application and determination of the sign of «special cruelty» is revealed, similar features and significant differences are determined.
PROTOCOL No. 16
Meeting on November 28, 1891
Authors: Krasovskiy A.
Published: August 2020

42 members were present: Baykov, Bankovskiy, Baskin, Batsevich, Bidder, Vasten, Verter, Vertsinskiy, Viridarskiy, Vorobyev, Hermonius, Goraiskiy, Danilovich, Dobradin, Dobrovolskiy,Zheltukhin, Zamshiv, Zmigrodskiy, Kireev, Lileev, Lichkus, Lopatinskiy, Martsynkevich, Massen, Mazurkevich, Neishtube, Ott, Popov, Porshnyakov, Rodzevich, Rostkovskiy,Salmanov, Slavyanskiy, Stelmahovich, Stravinskiy, Tarnovskiy, Fisher, Chagin, Shverdlov, Shtol, Stolts, Yanpolskiy and 37 guests.
Two cases of ectopic pregnancy
Authors: Kuhn F.
Published: August 2020

Mrs. F. 44 years old, 25 years old married; two miscarriages and 6 normal births, the last birth in August 1884. Amenorreya from January 1890 to August inclusive. In July, within two weeks, watery discharge from the genital tract. Over the past months, the breasts have swollen, but in August they fell off again. Severe at times abdominal pains stopped along with the cessation of fetal movements. In September, mild fever. When investigated, an asymmetric semi-dense tumor is found in the abdomen.
Is it possible to determine the place of rupture during an ectopic pregnancy?
Authors: Soloviev A.
Published: August 2020

In the hospital of St. Roha was taken unconscious, a 24-year-old worker in a factory, pale, with a haggard face. Heart sounds are clear, the lower border of the lungs is moved upward by 1 rib. The abdomen is tense, increased in volume. Tissue tension is especially pronounced in the right iliac cavity. At the lightest palpation of the abdomen, the patient's anxiety increases, and she attracts her left leg to the body; the right leg is motionless. With percussion of the abdomen, the tone is timpanic, with the exception of the right iliac cavity, where it is significantly dull.
Eleven laparotomies
Authors: Kuhn F.
Published: August 2020

This article presents an extremely short report on 11 laparotomies produced by the author over the past two years. For eleven of these operations, one was fatal. The author presented his 11 cases in the table, from which we borrow only two columns - illness and surgery.
Report of the obstetric faculty clinic of the Imperial Moscow University for 1889
Authors: Fisher A.
Published: August 2020

In the preface to the report by prof. A.M. Makev describes the history of the origin and realization of the idea of building a new obstetric clinic named after E.V. Paskhalova, who donated large capital for this good cause; The detailed plans attached to the report clearly illustrate the description of this exemplary institution.
Castration for osteomalacia
Authors: Fisher A.
Published: August 2020

As the essence of osteomalacia, so even more the possibility of its cure by castration represent many mysterious and unexplained sides [cf. Jury. obstetrician. and women. Bol. , 1888, p. 938 and 1890, p. 837. Ref ..] In view of this, every observation related to this is extremely important.
Coronaviral infection
Authors: Ivanov Dmitry O. , Chernova Tatyana M. , Pavlova Elena B. , Timchenko Vladimir N. , Barakina Elena V.
Published: August 2020

Coronavirus infection (CVI) is a group of acute ubiquitous infectious diseases known since the 60s 19 century. The clinical picture of CVI is characterized by damage to the respiratory system from mild forms of acute respiratory viral infection to the development of a severe acute respiratory syndrome, as well as involvement of other organs in the pathological process of the gastrointestinal tract. For a long time, coronaviruses were not given attention, since it was believed that they were able to cause only mild respiratory diseases. It is known that children and adolescents are less susceptible to infection than adults. In the etiological structure of acute respiratory viral infections among hospitalized children, coronaviruses account for 69%. The introduction of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the inclusion of coronaviruses in practice has shown their role in the occurrence of severe diseases of the lower respiratory tract. Since 2002, outbreaks of coronavirus infection caused by previously unknown pathogens (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2) have been observed in the world. New coronaviruses have genetic features and are relatively highly resistant in the environment. The diseases they cause are distinguished by the predominance of severe forms with high mortality due to the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis. In December 2019, an outbreak of pneumonia caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus began in China; in February 2020, the disease was called COVID-2019. In connection with the trend towards the global spread of new infections March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization announced a pandemic. The lecture covers the issues of epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinic, diagnosis and treatment of coronavirus infection, taking into account the emergence of new pathogens.
The COVID-19 pandemic: higher medical education challenges and responses
Authors: Ivanov Dmitry O. , Alexandrovich Yury S. , Orel Vasiliy I. , Esaulenko Elena V. , Novak Kseniya E. , Ditkovskaya Liliya V. , Basina Valentina V.
Published: August 2020

The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has become a challenge to higher education worldwide, affecting roughly over 90% of the student community. Due to the pandemic issues, it was essential to adjust the educational process to changing circumstances. Efforts to curb the spread of the disease, including social distancing and self-isolation, have led to the need of initiating a new approach of education and developing effective communications in medical education with the organization of online education from 23.04.2020. The Saint Petersburg state pediatric medical University of the Ministry of health of Russia has adopted the Discord platform for distance learning. Training courses have been organized for physicians working in hospitals that have been sorted out to operate with patients with coronavirus infection using the Moodle platform with access to register and monitor trainees as well. Instructing teachers to work in these Internet scopes required fewest time, which allowed them to switch to distance learning in due time. In order to attest the timeliness and adequacy of the response of the higher medical education system in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, in this article, the experience of the transfer of the Department of infectious diseases of adults and epidemiology to running educational activities in remote mode. The possibility of conducting online classes not only theoretical, but also practical in the specialties of infectious diseases and epidemiology with students, residents, postgraduates and physicians was demonstrated.
Prospects for the use of new generation of anti-tuberculosis drugs in treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis
Authors: Pavlova Mariia V. , Vinogradova Tatiana I. , Zabolotnykh Natalia V. , Ershova Elena S. , Sapozhnikova Nadezhda V. , Chernokhaeva Irina V. , Archakova Liudmila I. , Vitovskaya Mariia L. , Dogonadze Marine Z. , Starshinova Anna A. , Grishko Alevtina N. , Yablonsky Petr K.
Published: August 2020

The aim of this work was an experimental and clinical study of increasing of the efficiency of therapy of respiratory tuberculosis with drug resistant pathogen by including a combination of anti-tuberculosis drugs of new generation Bedaquiline (Bq) and Thioureidoiminomethylpyridi-nium perchlorate (perchlozone, Tpp) into treatment regimens. The presented results were obtained: in the experiment on a model of tuberculosis infection in 103 male C57black / 6 mice, reproduced by inserting into the lateral vein of the tail of a suspense of clinical strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with multi-drug resistance (MDR) and with various combinations of mutations in the genes; in the clinic on the basis of examination and treatment of 148 patients with multidrug-resistant respiratory tuberculosis. It is shown that the application of the therapy schemes for multiple and broad drug resistant tuberculosis, containing Bq and Tpp in combination with drugs, selected taking into account the drug sensitivity of mycobacteria, allows to significantly reduce the periods of relief of symptoms of intoxication, regression of inflammatory changes, abacillation and achieving positive X-ray dynamics. Undesirable phenomena against the background of combined prescription of new generation drugs, as a rule, corresponded to light and moderate severity, and in frequency of development and expression did not differ from control groups of observation.
Correction of experimental dislipoproteinemia by the intranasal administration of an original enzyme preparation
Authors: Klyueva Natalia N. , Okunevich Irina V. , Parfenova Nina S. , Shabanov Petr D.
Published: August 2020

The article is devoted to the experimental study of the specific pharmacological activity of the original microbial cholesterol oxidase enzyme preparation obtained from Streptomices lavendulae. In the condition of modeling dyslipoproteinemia, a pronounced alimentary hyperlipidemia in rats with the intranasal route of administration, a dose-dependent lipid-lowering effect of the domestic enzyme preparation of microbial origin of cholesterol oxidase was detected. In moderate alimentary hyperlipidemia, based on the selection of animals with a difficultly developed conditioned drinking reflex, this original preparation of cholesterol oxidase in an effective dose has a hypolipidemic effect and normalization of the serum lipoprotein spectrum. Further studies are needed to finally clarify the question of the character, efficacy and hypolipidemic action of the natural-produced cholesterol oxidase test drug in other types of animals.
Summary of the World Health Organization’s guidelines for management for patients with coronavirus infection
Authors: Moiseeva Irina E.
Published: August 2020

A brief overview of the guidelines for the management of patients with the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 published by the World Health Organization guidelines in May 2020 is presented. The article covers sections that primarily concern the medical care to patients with COVID-19 in outpatient settings.
Nutrition strategy for patients under conditions of the coronavirus infection pandemic (SARS-COV-2)
Authors: Turusheva Anna V.
Published: August 2020

In this review, we discuss about nutritional status and the role of diet and lifestyle in patients with SARS-COV-2 infection. This review speculates the importance of nutrition as a mitigation strategy to support immune function amid the coronavirus pandemic, identifying food groups and key nutrients of importance that may affect the outcomes of respiratory infections.
Treatment changes of coronavirus infection disease (SARS-COV-2). What general practitioner should know? Part 1
Authors: Frolova Elena V.
Published: August 2020

The article presents an overview of methods of treatment of coronavirus infection based on available data from recent clinical studies and methodological recommendations. Drugs recommended as etiotropic therapy are considered. Data from clinical trials and expert opinions are analyzed.
On some issues of civil law understanding of fake deals
Authors: Lakocenina Nataiya M.
Published: August 2020

The civil legislation reform and the complexity of the socioeconomic conditions in our country have increased the scientific and practical significance of research related to the clarification of the concept of fake transactions, their relationship with other (related) transactions, and the establishment of their legal consequences. These issues, which have no unity in civil science, are discussed in the proposed article. The article analyzes the concepts and attributes of fake transactions, their qualitative and distinctive features, the specifics of their invalidity (nullity), and the relationship with related invalid (nullity) agreements (transactions). This statement of the articles content determines its theoretical and practical significance as well as its relevance. The methodological basis of the research includes the well-known general and particular scientific research methods. The objectives of the proposed article are as follows: to clarify and form the authors concept of fake transactions, to establish their distinctive features, to define the place of fake contracts in the invalid transactions system, and to clarify the features of fake transaction invalidity.
About judicial protection of subjective civil rights
Authors: Andreev Yury N.
Published: August 2020

The article is devoted to the judicial protection of subjective civil rights. The author tries to formulate the concepts of subjective civil rights and the judicial protection of subjective civil rights to determine the ratio of subjective civil rights and the right to judicial protection as well as the judicial protection features of various subjective civil rights categories. The paper presents the authors conception of subjective rights, the various ways by which they are protected, and the features of the protection of certain types of subjective civil rights. The aim of the research is to find the most optimal ratio of the right of subjective rights owner to protection and the right of subjective right for protection, in order to determine the most typical ways to protect certain categories of subjective civil rights. The methodological basis of the research includes the well-known general and private scientific methods of scientific knowledge. The paper concludes by stating that subjective civil rights have general (universal) and specific ways of protection.
Open data in terms of digitalization
Authors: Likhacheva Yelena Yu.
Published: August 2020

This article reviews the annual open data barometer rating in the next edition of the global report in 115 countries and jurisdictions. It focuses on the popularization of open data in the world and the Russian Federation, its state of development, its prospects, and emerging problems. Issues related to legal regulation of open data, including criminal data in modern conditions of digitalization, are discussed.
Notes on Becoming a Comrade: Indigenous Women, Leadership, and Movement(s) for Decolonization
Authors: Dhillon Jaskiran
Published: August 2020

Written from the perspective of a non-Indigenous woman of color “standing with” Indigenous communities through politicized allyship, this article explores the politics of becoming a comrade to Indigenous peoples in their struggles for liberation in the settler-colonial present. Dhillon highlights key moments in the development of her political consciousness by centering the fundamental leadership, knowledge, and guidance of Indigenous women in decolonial activism and scholarship across a range of areas—including environmental justice, colonial gender violence, and the arts—that have been foundational to the anticolonial framework informing her scholarship and organizing.
Indigenous Trauma Is Not a Frontier: Breaking Free from Colonial Economies of Trauma and Responding to Trafficking, Disappearances, and Deaths of Indigenous Women and Girls
Authors: Lucchesi Annita Hetoevėhotohke’e
Published: August 2020

This paper maps colonial economies of trauma as they pertain to trafficking, disappearances, and deaths of Indigenous women and girls, and argues that we have a collective responsibility to dismantle these structures by uplifting the expertise and leadership of the most marginalized of Indigenous women and girls. In this way, this paper asks, if we shift our value system to one that acknowledges experiences such as sex work or incarceration as additional credentials that enhance capacity to design creative and effective efforts to account for and address violence, rather than barriers to success, what might that do for our organizing and our research, for our communities, and for Indigenous women and girls themselves?