bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Excluded futures: the continuity bias in scenario assessments
Authors: Raskin Paul , Swart Rob
Published: July 2020

Global scenario assessments in support of climate, biodiversity, energy and other international policy deliberations tend to focus on a narrow bandwidth of possibilities: futures that unfold gradually from current patterns and trends. This “continuity bias” downplays the real risks (and opportunities) of structural discontinuity in the evolution of the global social-ecological system. The inclination to focus on mathematically tractable representations and conventional futures preferred by decision-makers is understandable, but constrains the scientific imagination and the scope of policy guidance. Earlier studies spotlighted discontinuous global futures, thereby revealing a broader spectrum of possibilities and repertoire of actions than found in contemporary scenario analysis. The paper revisits three types of futures introduced 25 years ago; examines three truths they convey about the contemporary moment; and points to three courses of action they suggest. Contemporary assessments centre on incrementally changing Conventional Worlds, yet varieties of global disruption (Barbarization) and progressive transformation (Great Transition) remain plausible alternatives. Corresponding to this triad, three synergistic action prongs—reform (incremental policies), remediation (emergency preparedness and prevention), and redesign (deep cultural and institutional change)—come into focus. Recovering a comprehensive perspective on the global possible would reinvigorate debate on the kind of transformation needed, broaden the action agenda, and stimulate innovative research for illuminating our indeterminate future. The COVID-19 pandemic, a concrete illustration of historical discontinuity, underscores the critical importance of emphasizing nonconventional futures in policy assessments.
The paradox of planning for transformation: the case of the integrated sustainable urban development strategy in València (Spain)
Authors: Peris Jordi , Bosch Marga
Published: July 2020

Urban transformation towards sustainability requires deep systemic change in economic, social, environmental, cultural, organisational, governmental, and physical terms. Considering this challenge, this paper aims to explore the potentials and limitations of urban planning to incorporate an urban transition management approach that strives to enable such deep transformation processes.

Taking the Integrated Sustainable Urban Development (ISUD) Strategy for district regeneration in Valencia (Spain) as a case study, the analysis and discussion elaborate on the main barriers and enablers for urban planning to incorporate a transition perspective when tackling urban sustainability challenges. Four main fields of tension emerge as particularly relevant: 1) Democratic representation versus involvement of forerunner innovators, 2) Formal decision-making procedures versus reflexivity and social learning, 3) Standardised project formats versus open processes of searching and experimentation, and 4) Fragmented policy agendas and budget lines versus integrated and multi-sectoral interventions.

The case study illustrates how urban planning struggles to align its rationale with requirements for managing complex sustainability transformations. The findings point to a paradox inherent in planning for transformation: although urban planning necessarily incorporates the values and rules of the currently dominant urban systems, it also has the potential to create windows of opportunity for niche innovations to emerge at district or even city level. Therefore, urban planning processes form an arena in which conflicts between niches and regimes are negotiated.
Impact of treating chronic hepatitis C infection with direct-acting antivirals on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence
Authors: Musa Nevine Ibrahim , Mohamed Inas Elkhedr , Abohalima Ahmed Samir
Published: July 2020

Background

The impact of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) remains a debate, whether they accelerate the recurrence rate of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after curative therapy. We evaluated the impact of direct-acting antiviral therapy on the rate of recurrence of HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma following intervention in Egyptian patients.

Results

The results of the study represented an HCC recurrence rate of 38% in patients who received direct-acting antiviral therapy after HCC intervention versus 62% in those who did not receive antiviral therapy. In group I, according to the Barcelona Clinic of Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging, a higher recurrence rate was observed (57.9%) among patients who were classified as BCLC stage B.

Conclusions

HCC patients who did not receive direct-acting antiviral therapy after HCC intervention had a greater risk of HCC recurrence. DAAs did not increase the risk of HCC recurrence following HCC treatment; however, it did not abolish it. Close monitoring of patients after antiviral therapy is recommended.
Hazard quotient, microbial diversity, and plant composition of spent crude oil-polluted soil
Authors: Ikhajiagbe Beckley , Ogwu Matthew Chidozie
Published: July 2020

Background

The present work assesses the concentration of some heavy metal, plant species composition, and microbial diversity of spent crude oil-polluted soil from electric generator plant house, auto mechanic workshop, bakery, and auto spare part shops in four local governments areas (Egor, Ikpoba-Okha, Oredo, and Ovia North) in Edo State, Southern Nigeria.

Results

Hazard quotient (HQ) of heavy metals varied in all the spent crude oil-polluted soil evaluated in the study. The HQ of heavy metals from auto mechanic workshop had the highest values for Cr (2.19), Mn (0.0965), Zn (4.1108), Fe (9.32015), and Cd (0.0155). The most frequent bacterial and fungal species found in all 16 sites were Bacillus subtilis (93.75%) and Aspergillus niger (100.0%) respectively. Auto spare part shops in Oredo had a bacterial count of 1.0 × 105 CFU/g while the bacteria count around power generator plants in Egor had a bacteria count of 1.71 × 105 CFU/g. Some of the plant species identified around all the sites include Acanthospermum hispidum, Alternanthera repens, Axonopus compressus, Cyperus esculentus, Eleusine indica, Paspalum scrobiculatum, and Tridax procumbens.

Conclusion

Spent crude oil pollution of the soil led to high amounts of heavy metal in the soil. However, the presence of higher plants and variable diversity and richness of microorganisms found in the soil are likely contributing to the remediation of the polluted soil.
A cause and effect relationship between FIIs, DIIs and stock market returns in India: pre- and post-demonetization analysis
Authors: Parab Narayan , Reddy Y. V.
Published: July 2020

In one of the most historic decisions in the Indian economy, the Government of India demonetized its two highest currency notes (Rs. 500 and Rs. 1000) on November 8, 2016. The Indian stock market does not only consist of domestic investors; however, it does attract a large pool of foreign investors. The present study, considering the significance of demonetization in Indian economy, attempted to examine the association between foreign institutional investment (FII), domestic institutional investment (DII) and stock market returns taking into account a period of 686 days from June 11, 2015, to March 27, 2018, i.e., 343 days pre- and post-demonetization. The study made use of various statistical techniques such as summary statistics, augmented Dickey–Fuller test, correlation analysis and regression analysis. The results indicate a negative relationship of FIIs and DIIs with Nifty 50 Index Returns prior to demonetization; however, such a relationship was noticed to be positive post-demonetization. The present study did not evidence a significant impact of demonetization on FIIs and DIIs, but a significant negative impact was noticed in the case of Nifty 50 Index and various sectoral indices post-demonetization. Nifty Realty sector was found to be severely affected because of demonetization. The study will help the government in understanding the impact of demonetization on foreign and domestic institutional investors, various sectoral indices and evaluate market sentiment post-demonetization and therefore frame necessary policies. Also, the information provided in present study will help various stock market participants.
Oncology Medical Training and Practice: Managing Jordan’s Brain Drain Through Brain Train—The King Hussein Cancer Center Experience
Authors: Abdel-Razeq Hikmat , Barbar Maha , Shamieh Omar , Mansour Asem
Published: July 2020

PURPOSE

The medical education system in Jordan is one of the most advanced education systems in the Middle East. Yet many medical school graduates leave the country to seek specialty and subspecialty education and training abroad, and the majority of graduates continue their careers there.

METHODS

We explored reasons behind this so-called “brain drain” and how to slow it, along with capacity building opportunities and strategies for better local training.

RESULTS

By taking advantage of various international collaborative opportunities, the King Hussein Cancer Center has managed to offer strong local training programs and an enhanced working environment, which has enabled us to improve the educational level of our graduates so they can help staff the Center, the country, and the region.

CONCLUSION

Strong local training programs coupled with international partnerships can result in better training for physicians and offset the problem of brain drain without putting any restraints on the graduates.
A Novel Syndrome With Short Stature, Mandibular Hypoplasia, and Osteoporosis May Be Associated With a PRRT3 Variant
Authors: Garg Abhimanyu , El-Shanti Hatem , Xing Chao , Zhou Zhengyang , Abujbara Mousa , Al-Rashed Khadeja , El-Khateeb Mohammed , Ajlouni Kamel , Agarwal Anil K
Published: July 2020

Context

Despite considerable progress in elucidating the molecular basis of various progeroid syndromes, some rare patients remain unexplained.

Objective

To elucidate molecular genetic basis of a novel autosomal recessive progeroid syndrome.

Participants

A 24-year-old male and his 18-year-old sister with short stature, mandibular hypoplasia, pointed nose, shrill voice, severe osteoporosis, and short eyebrows and their unaffected siblings and parents belonging to a consanguineous Arab family.

Results

Using exome and Sanger sequencing, we report a novel homozygous p.Glu394Lys disease-causing variant in proline-rich transmembrane protein 3 (PRRT3). PRRT3 belongs to the family of proline-rich proteins containing several repeats of a short proline-rich sequence, but its function remains to be determined. Preliminary observations showing colocalization of Prrt3 and synaptophysin support its role in vesicle exocytosis. Consistent with the highest messenger ribonucleic acid expression of PRRT3 in the pituitary, both the patients had mild growth hormone deficiency but had near normal reproductive development.

Conclusions

We conclude that the homozygous p.Glu394Lys variant in PRRT3 may be associated with a novel autosomal recessive, progeroid syndrome with short stature, mandibular hypoplasia, osteoporosis, short eyebrows, and mild growth hormone (GH) deficiency. Our findings extend the spectrum of progeroid syndromes and elucidate important functions of PRRT3 in human biology, including secretion of GH from the pituitary.
Copying Cosby
Authors: Cruz Ariane
Published: July 2020

This essay employs pornography to explore the politics of race, gender, and sexuality at play in mimetic performances of Bill Cosby’s The Cosby Show. Focusing on Not the Cosbys XXX (2009), a pornographic parody of the sitcom, pornography is shown to be a venue that lays bare the politics of race, sexuality, and gender that energize cultural practices of mimesis. In mimicking The Cosby Show, Not the Cosbys XXX reveals the racial, sexual, and class politics of authenticity critical to mimesis as a salient technology for the (re)production of blackness in visual culture. Pornography’s spectacular multiplex mimetic performance, which the author terms pornmimicry, brings the quotidian dynamics of mimicry into focus as a primary mode of identificatory performance. More than a frame to elucidate racial sexual performance in pornography, pornmimicry helps us to understand the concomitant pleasure (and violence) bound with the broader cultural repetition of blackness as itself a mimetic practice.
Linking death registration and survey data: Procedures and cohort profile for The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing
Authors: Ward Mark , May Peter , Briggs Robert , McNicholas Triona , Normand Charles , Kenny Rose Anne , Nolan Anne
Published: July 2020

Background: Research on mortality at the population level has been severely restricted by an absence of linked death registration and survey data in Ireland. We describe the steps taken to link death registration information with survey data from a nationally representative prospective study of community-dwelling older adults. We also provide a profile of decedents among this cohort and compare mortality rates to population-level mortality data. Finally, we compare the utility of analysing underlying versus contributory causes of death.

Methods: Death records were obtained for 779 (90.3% of all confirmed deaths at that time) and linked to individual level survey data from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA).  

Results: Overall, 9.1% of participants died during the nine-year follow-up period and the average age at death was 75.3 years. Neoplasms were identified as the underlying cause of death for 37.0%; 32.9% of deaths were attributable to diseases of the circulatory system; 14.4% due to diseases of the respiratory system; while the remaining 15.8% of deaths occurred due to all other causes. Mortality rates among younger TILDA participants closely aligned with those observed in the population but TILDA mortality rates were slightly lower in the older age groups. Contributory cause of death provides similar estimates as underlying cause when we examined the association between smoking and all-cause and cause-specific mortality.

Conclusions: This new data infrastructure provides many opportunities to contribute to our understanding of the social, behavioural, economic, and health antecedents to mortality and to inform public policies aimed at addressing inequalities in mortality and end-of-life care.
Sub-Saharan Africa preparedness and response to the COVID-19 pandemic: A perspective of early career African scientists
Authors: Umviligihozo Gisele , Mupfumi Lucy , Sonela Nelson , Naicker Delon , Obuku Ekwaro A. , Koofhethile Catherine , Mogashoa Tuelo , Kapaata Anne , Ombati Geoffrey , Michelo Clive M. , Makobu Kimani , Todowede Olamide , Balinda Sheila N.
Published: July 2020

Emerging highly transmissible viral infections such as SARS-CoV-2 pose a significant global threat to human health and the economy. Since its first appearance in December 2019 in the city of Wuhan, Hubei province, China, SARS-CoV-2 infection has quickly spread across the globe, with the first case reported on the African continent, in Egypt on February 14th, 2020. Although the global number of COVID-19 infections has increased exponentially since the beginning of the pandemic, the number of new infections and deaths recorded in African countries have been relatively modest, suggesting slower transmission dynamics of the virus on the continent, a lower case fatality rate, or simply a lack of testing or reliable data. Notably, there is no significant increase in unexplained pneumonias or deaths on the continent which could possibly indicate the effectiveness of interventions introduced by several African governments. However, there has not yet been a comprehensive assessment of sub-Saharan Africa’s (SSA) preparedness and response to the COVID-19 pandemic that may have contributed to prevent an uncontrolled outbreak so far. As a group of early career scientists and the next generation of African scientific leaders with experience of working in medical and diverse health research fields in both SSA and resource-rich countries, we present a unique perspective on the current public health interventions to fight COVID-19 in Africa. Our perspective is based on extensive review of the available scientific publications, official technical reports and announcements released by governmental and non-governmental health organizations as well as from our personal experiences as workers on the COVID-19 battlefield in SSA. We documented public health interventions implemented in seven SSA countries including Uganda, Kenya, Rwanda, Cameroon, Zambia, South Africa and Botswana, the existing gaps and the important components of disease control that may strengthen SSA response to future outbreaks.
Non-Invasive Methods of Liquid Flow Expenditure Monitoring Using Overhead Transducers Taking into Account Deposits in Pipelines
Authors: Popova Polina
Published: July 2020

The article is devoted to the problems of using flow meters with ultrasonic transducers in real operating conditions in the presence of deposits on the walls of pipelines. Methods of calculation and accounting of deposits in determining the flow rate of liquids are presented. Errors of flow rate and flow rate measurements depending on thickness of deposits for different pipe sizes were analyzed.
Software for Thermal NDT Systems
Authors: Nesteruk Denis , Vavilov Vladimir , Chulkov Arseny
Published: July 2020

The specialized software intended for active thermal nondestructive testing (NDT) is developed. The software is oriented toward both commercial and laboratory thermal NDT systems including heat sources and infrared imagers of various types. A modeling module is an essential part of this software allowing optimization of test procedures. Experimental data is treated by using a processing and defect characterization modules intended for enhancing signal-to-noise ratio and identifying lateral size, depth and thermal resistance of hidden defects.
Automated Ultrasonic Inspection of Rails during Production
Authors: Dymkin Grigory , Etingen Ilya , Shelukhin Aleksey
Published: July 2020

The article considers the design features of the installation of rail acceptance testing UKR-64Э and UKR-25. Description of applied methods of noise protection, as well as storage and processing of inspection results are given.
Monitoring the Readiness of the Teaching Staff to Work in Inclusive Groups
Authors: Il'ina L.
Published: July 2020

The article presents the results of monitoring the readiness of the teaching staff to work with students with disabilities in educational institutions of higher education in the Astrakhan region, Volgograd region, Republic of Adygea, Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol. Information was collected by placing a questionnaire for teachers on the portal of higher inclusive education of the Russian Federation and analyzing the obtained quantitative data from General monitoring forms by region. The monitoring study confirmed the presence of a number of problematic aspects in ensuring the educational process for people with disabilities at the University: the need to develop inclusive competence of the teaching staff; the presence of psychological and methodological difficulties in organizing and conducting the educational process in inclusive academic groups; lack of sufficient knowledge about special technical means of training and skills of adaptation of educational and methodological support taking into account the educational needs of students of various nosological groups.
Parameters of resilience of employees of internal affairs bodies sent to serve in the North Caucasus region
Authors: Vasil'eva Inna , Vozzhenikova Ol'ga
Published: July 2020

he main areas of research into the consequences of extreme situations associated with the participation of police officers in counter-terrorism operations are related to assessing the severity of posttraumatic stress disorder and other destructive effects on the psyche. In the framework of this study, the authors show that the experience of participation in extreme situations can have productive effects associated with increased vitality.

The study involved employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 21 people (all men) undergoing training to participate in counter-terrorism operations in the North Caucasus region of the Russian Federation. Data collection methods: Mississippi scale for assessing post-traumatic reactions (military option); test of viability S. Muddy (in adaptation D.A. Leontiev, E.I. Rasskazova).

The experience of participating in hostilities, the activity of an internal affairs officer is highly stressful and traumatic, associated with the need to overcome aggressive pressure and provide assistance in situations of suffering and helplessness, which is also a traumatic factor. However, none of the participants were diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder. The following pattern was established: the younger the employee and the less experience he has, the less pronounced his violations associated with being in extreme conditions. Employees with experience in counterterrorism operations perceive risk situations not as destructive, but as natural for the implementation of professional tasks.

The greatest contribution to adaptation strategies to cope with the consequences of experiencing traumatic situations is made by such viable beliefs as willingness to perceive any situation as useful and risking for the sake of achieving a better result, as well as the belief that any difficulties can be overcome and the employee’s efforts are enough to deal with them. It is these characteristics that make the maximum contribution to the stability of employees of internal affairs bodies to the effects of psychotraumatic factors and ensure a high level of their resilience.
Decolonialidade e estudos críticos do discurso: convergências para abordagens antirracistas no Brasil
Authors: Da Silva Caroline Fernanda Santos
Published: July 2020

Este trabalho tem como objetivo compreender, analisar e problematizar a forma como os estudos críticos do discurso (ECD) e a perspectiva da decolonialidade podem convergir para uma abordagem antirracista no Brasil. Para isso, o texto está dividido em dois subitens, além da introdução e das considerações finais, que apresentam os conceitos em destaque e problematizam alguns elementos importantes com relação aos mesmos. No primeiro item, apresenta-se uma breve reflexão sobre os fundamentos da produção de conhecimentos, apontando importantes contribuições e questionamentos de autores que abordam a perspectiva decolonial. Na sequência, o texto apresenta uma breve introdução aos estudos críticos do discurso (ECD), situando a relevância de sua utilização para a compreensão, abordagem e análise do racismo no Brasil. Palavras-Chave: estudos críticos do discurso; decolonialidade; antirracismo.
Aborto, Racismo e Violência: Reflexões a partir do Feminismo Negro
Authors: Lima Nathália Diórgenes Ferreira , Cordeiro Rosineide De Lourdes Meira
Published: July 2020

A criminalização do aborto no Brasil não reduz os números de abortamento, mas expõe a saúde e a vida reprodutiva das mulheres. As experiências das mulheres em situação de abortamento são diversas e permeadas pelas estruturas de classe e raça.  O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar como o racismo e a violência se materializam na vida de jovens de periferia conformando situações de aborto atravessadas por violência.  Para tal abordaremos histórias de duas jovens negras e periféricas que recorreram ao aborto ilegal. Nossa lente teórica é o feminismo negro, pois nos permite desnaturalizar a concepção universal de mulher e compreender o racismo como estruturante na vida das mulheres. Os resultados apontam que há um cenário complexo de violência racial de gênero que não apenas atua em todo o processo de aborto, mas se traduz em um projeto de opressão fundante da vida reprodutiva das mulheres negras.Palavras-chave: racismo; aborto; violência racial de gênero.
O comum do singular
Authors: Garcia Januário
Published: July 2020

Mostra Fotográfia de Januário Garcia.
Uma mulher negra com nome e sobrenome: Benedita Sousa da Silva Sampaio
Authors: Da Silva Ana Paula Procópio , Almeida Magali Da Silva
Published: July 2020

Homenagem de vida à Benedita da Silva.
A Review of COVID-19 and the Implications for Orthodontic Provision in England
Authors: Zahran Sally , Wright Natasha
Published: July 2020

COVID-19 is an unprecedented virus that is destroying the lives of many people worldwide. Dentistry as a profession falls into a high-risk group due to our close proximity to patients and the aerosols generated in routine dental procedures. The UK dental community has frantically searched for answers to questions about the new virus and guidance on provision of dental care. This article will review the most up-to-date recommendations for infection control procedures and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) in England. PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar databases were searched up until 9 June. This is a review of the current information, guidelines and recommendations about the COVID-19 virus and use of PPE for dentists and orthodontists.

As of 9 June, the dental profession has received mixed guidance on how best to manage our patients whilst national lockdown is eased and we enter a recovery phase, but uncertainty remains for the long-term provision of Orthodontics.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article gives an overview of guidance and recommendations for dentists and orthodontists in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially with regards to infection control and use of PPE.
Combined Hemimandibular Hyperplasia and Elongation: the Orthodontic-Surgical Management
Authors: Devine Ciarán , Sayan Anna , Ilankovan Velupillai
Published: July 2020

Patients commonly present to orthodontists with complaints of facial and/or mandibular asymmetry. It is important that all asymmetry complaints are taken seriously and further investigated. Orthodontists play an important role in the diagnosis, management and follow-up of these conditions.

For condylar hyperactivity, management is generally in a multidisciplinary setting. Clinicians who practice orthodontics in a primary care setting need to be aware of the correct terminology and the appropriate investigations required for diagnosis and the management of this condition. This paper aims to describe the contemporary management of condylar hyperactivity and presents a case of combined orthodontic-surgical treatment.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Condylar hyperactivity can lead to severe orofacial deformities and severe malocclusions. The orthodontist must understand the terminology, diagnostic techniques and treatment of this condition in order to offer the most appropriate management. The entire dental team may be involved in cases of condylar hyperactivity from diagnosis through to follow-up. Increased awareness may therefore improve diagnosis and ensure appropriate early referrals are made, thus potentially improving outcomes.
Moss inhabiting flea beetles of the West Indies IV: new species of Andersonaltica Linzmeier and Konstantinov from the Dominican Republic (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini)

Authors: KONSTANTINOV ALEXANDER S. , LINZMEIER ADELITA M. , SCHEFFER SONJA J. , LEWIS MATTHEW L.
Published: July 2020

Two new species of bryobiont flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini) from Dominican Republic are described and illustrated: Andersonaltica neiba sp. nov. (Sierra de Neiba) and A. villabarrancoli sp. nov. (Sierra de Baoruco). New species are compared morphologically with each other. Unusual intraspecific variability of A. villabarrancoli is reported. To obtain additional data in understanding the similarities between the specimens of A. villabarrancoli, we sequenced the Cytochrome oxidase I barcode region of adults and larvae. In all cases, the sequences are identical suggesting that the specimens in questions are conspecific. Key words: Bryobionts, COI barcodes, flea beetles, Monoplatina, moss cushions, species boundaries
State-of-the-art active optical techniques for three-dimensional surface metrology: a review [Invited]
Authors: Marrugo Andres G. , Gao Feng , Zhang Song
Published: July 2020

This paper reviews recent developments of non-contact three-dimensional
(3D) surface metrology using an active structured optical probe. We
focus primarily on those active non-contact 3D surface measurement
techniques that could be applicable to the manufacturing industry. We
discuss principles of each technology, and its advantageous
characteristics as well as limitations. Towards the end, we discuss
our perspectives on the current technological challenges in designing
and implementing these methods in practical applications.
Raman converter of noisy double-scale pulses into coherent pulses
Authors: Kokhanovskiy A. , Smirnov S. , Kobtsev S.
Published: July 2020

We propose and analyze a new mechanism for conversion of noise-like pulses into coherent ones with the help of a Raman process. The conditions that ensure conversion efficiency exceeding 45% were identified. Parameter ranges were established, within which the proposed mechanism can be implemented. We also define the condition of generation of stable Raman soliton molecules. The possibility of efficient conversion of noise-like pulses into coherent ones opens up new broad application fields for high-energy double-scale pulses.
Efficient method for determining pulse-front distortion in an ultra-intense laser
Authors: Li Zhaoyang , Kawanaka Junji
Published: July 2020

We propose a simplified method to quickly determine the pulse-front of an ultra-intense laser, which usually possesses a very long beamline and hundreds of cascaded optical elements. By deriving the wave-front and pulse-front of a pulsed beam in paraxial optical systems, we show that, in some conditions, the pulse-front overlaps with the wave-front of a specific “wavelength” whose refractive-index equals the group refractive-index. In this case, by using the commercial ray-tracing software, the pulse-front of an ultra-intense laser can be quickly determined by calculating the wave-front of this “wavelength,” and the distorted spatiotemporal optical field can also be obtained approximately. We believe this method could significantly simplify the design of an ultra-intense laser.
Inverse design and demonstration of high-performance wide-angle diffractive optical elements
Authors: Kim Dong Cheon , Hermerschmidt Andreas , Dyachenko Pavel , Scharf Toralf
Published: July 2020

Diffractive optical elements are ultra-thin optical components required for constructing very compact optical 3D sensors. However, the required wide-angle diffractive 2D fan-out gratings have been elusive due to design challenges. Here, we introduce a new strategy for optimizing such high-performance and wide-angle diffractive optical elements, offering unprecedented control over the power distribution among the desired diffraction orders with only low requirements with respect to computational power. The microstructure surfaces were designed by an iterative gradient optimization procedure based on an adjoint-state method, capable to account for application-dependent target functions while ensuring compatibility with existing fabrication processes. The results of the experimental characterization confirm the simulated tailored power distributions and optical efficiencies of the fabricated elements.
MHz-repetition rate fs-laser-inscribed crystalline waveguide lasers inscribed at 100 mm/s: erratum
Authors: Hasse Kore , Kränkel Christian
Published: July 2020

We present an erratum concerning the repetition rate of the fs-laser system used for the inscription of the waveguides stated in our paper [Opt. Express 28, 12011 (2020)10.1364/OE.381443]. The Fidelity HP High Energy laser supplied by Coherent Inc. features a repetition rate of 10 MHz instead of the value of 1 MHz stated in the paper.
Recording of a curved digital hologram for orthoscopic real image reconstruction
Authors: Liu Jung-Ping , Chen Wen-Ting , Wen Hsuan-Hsuan , Poon Ting-Chung
Published: July 2020

Based on the concept of optical scanning holography, a holographic system for recording a curved digital hologram was proposed and demonstrated. In the system, an interference beam without the object information is first generated and then used to two-dimensionally scan a three-dimensional object along a cylindrical path. As a result, a complex curved hologram of a real object is digitally holographically recorded for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. The method of digital reconstruction and the properties of the curved digital hologram are then discussed.
PAM-4 transmission up to 160  Gb/s with surface-normal electro-absorption modulators
Authors: Iannone Patrick , Chen Xi , Grillanda Stefano , Raybon Gregory , Burrows Ellsworth , Adamiecki Andrew , Hu Ting-Chen , Neilson David T. , Basavanhally Nagesh , Low Yee , Kopf Rose , Tate Alaric , Earnshaw Mark
Published: July 2020

We report multi-level modulation in polarization-independent surface-normal electro-absorption modulators (SNEAMs). Four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) at a line rate of 44 Gb/s is demonstrated on a fully packaged SNEAM with a 30 µm active area diameter and a 14 GHz electro-optic bandwidth. High-capacity PAM-4 transmission at 112 and 160 Gb/s is demonstrated on an unpackaged SNEAM chip, with a 15 µm active area diameter and ultrawide electro-optic bandwidth (

≫

65

G
H
z

). Fiber transmission is investigated for direct detection link lengths up to 23 km at 44 Gb/s and 2 km at 112 and 160 Gb/s, the highest multi-level modulation rates achieved on a SNEAM.
Dispersion mapping of a whispering gallery mode robust polariton at room temperature
Authors: Chen Zhiyang , Zheng Huying , Zhu Hai , Huang Ying , Tang Ziying , Wang Yaqi , Wei Haiyuan , Wang Xianghu , Shen Yan , Gui Xuchun
Published: July 2020

We report the momentum space dispersion pattern of strong coupling exciton-polaritons with a Rabi splitting (130 meV) in a ZnO self-construct high Q-factor whispering gallery mode (WGM) microcavity at room temperature (RT). By scanning excitations along the c-axis of a microwire (MW) using the angle-resolved spectroscopic technique (ARST) with different polarizations, the evolutions of a WGM polariton in a different coupling regime are investigated comprehensively. In addition, the more exciton-like component at a high k-value dispersion certifies the robust polariton is in SCR. The observations of polariton dispersion are well described by using the coupling wave model. Our results present a direct mapping of the exciton-polariton dispersions based on WGM, and thus supply a feasible road to realize novel polariton-type optoelectronic devices.
Sines: Território de Turismo Industrial – Inovar para a Sustentabilidade turística
Authors: Brito Mónica , Cordeiro Andreia
Published: July 2020

O projeto “Sines – Turismo Industrial Sustentável” (STIS), operacionaliza o conceito de TI (TI) num dos concelhos, industrial e economicamente, mais dinâmicos do País. Dotado de um dos mais importantes portos de águas profundas da Europa, refinarias, centrais elétricas e indústrias altamente especializadas, beneficia ainda de um enquadramento natural de rara beleza, com as suas praias integradas num Parque Natural. O TI apresenta-se como um produto complementar ao principal produto turístico deste território, o “Sol & Mar”, maximizando as estruturas existentes, compatibilizando duas atividades aparentemente antagónicas – o Turismo e a Indústria - e aproveitando a crescente procura por experiências diferenciadas no campo do lazer em busca de mais conhecimento e retorno por parte do público em geral, contribuindo, simultaneamente, para esbater a sazonalidade, uma das principais ameaças à sustentabilidade. Este trabalho tem como objetivo contextualizar teoricamente o TI no âmbito de um modelo de desenvolvimento turístico sustentável, e apresentar o projeto “Sines – TI numa lógica diacrónica, descrevendo o processo e apresentando os resultados alcançados, desde o seu início até à atualidade.
WAYS TO STEP UP THE INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC, SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL COOPERATION OF THE SCO COUNTRIES, IMPROVE ITS LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FOUNDATIONS
Authors: Vasiliev A.A. , Spaper D. , Ibragimov Zh.I.
Published: July 2020

The article is devoted to the search for ways to enhance international scientific and technical cooperationwithin the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. The authors suggest such ways ofdeveloping international scientific and technical cooperation in the SCO as the creation of a special SCOcommission on scientific and technical cooperation, the formation of an expert council of representatives ofscience, the establishment of a fund for financing joint scientific projects.
LEGAL REGULATION OF THE COURT WITH THE PARTICIPATION OF JURORS AS A COMPONENT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIA
Authors: Dudko N.A. , Pruss A.R.
Published: July 2020

The implementation of the idea of sustainable development implies the implementation by the State of aset of measures in the social and political spheres of society. Indicators of progress towards achieving this goalare the level of realization of citizens «rights and freedoms, the development of legal culture, legal literacy, aswell as the formation of the rule of law State and civil society and dialogue between them. One way of suchinteraction between the State and society in the Russian Federation is through jury trials. Despite the longperiod of existence of this social and legal institution, its legal regulation is not stable and is carried out inthe absence of the concept of development developed by the legislator. The next changes proposed in 2020will affect the jurisdiction of the crimes to the court with the participation of jurors. In this regard, issues ofregulatory and legal regulation and organization of the activities of the jury court continue to be of scientificinterest and are relevant. The authors studied normative and legal acts, opinions of scientists on this issue,statistical information and court practice. On the basis of their analysis and taking into account practicaldata, proposals have been formulated to further improve the legal basis of the jury court as a component ofthe sustainable development of the Russian Federation.
FORERUNNER OF CONSTITUTIONAL JUSTICE IN THE POSTSOVIET SPACE: TO THE HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE COMMITTEE OF CONSTITUTIONAL SUPERVISION OF THE USSR (1988–1991)
Authors: Mityukov M.A. , Остапович И.Ю.
Published: July 2020

Presents the interview of Professor Mikhail Alekseevich mitjukova, a member of the constitutionalCouncil (1993), first Deputy Chairman of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federationof the first convocation (1994–1995), the Plenipotentiary representative of the President of the RussianFederation in the constitutional Court (1996–2005), Honored lawyer of the Russian Federation and doctorof law Igor Yuryevich of Ostapovich, Professor of the Department of constitutional law of Ural state lawUniversity
Analysis of adhesive bond strength under simulated pulpal pressure on different dentin thicknesses
Authors: Haddad Bruno Amaral , Silva Tânia Mara , Gonçalves Lucélia Lemes , Silva Mateus Rodrigues , Moreira Junior Cláudio , Santis Leandro Ruivo , Gonçalves Sérgio Eduardo de Paiva
Published: July 2020

Objective: Evaluate the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) in different dentin thicknesses, under simulated pulpal pressure (SPP), submitted to an adhesive technique using laser irradiation. Material and methods: Forty sound human molars were sectioned and randomly divided into two groups (n=20): Group 1 – 1 mm of dentin thickness; Group 2 – 2 mm of dentin thickness. Each group was divided into two subgroups (n=10): Subgroup A – Absence of SPP; Subgroup P – Presence of SPP (15 cm H2O). The samples were sequentially treated with: 37% phosphoric acid, adhesive system (Adper Single Bond 2), Nd:YAG laser irradiation (60 s, 1064 nm, 10 Hz) using 60 and 100 mJ/pulse energy parameters and photopolymerization (10 s). A composite resin block (Filtek Z350) was built up onto the irradiated area. After 30 days stored in water, the samples were sectioned and submitted to microtensile test (10 kgf load cell, 0.5mm/min). Data were analyzed by three-way ANOVA and Tukey tests. Results: Three-way ANOVA revealed no significant differences for SPP (p=0.0821) and for dentin thickness p= 0.9405) on bond strength. The laser energy parameters (p=0.001) indicated that 100 mJ showed greater µTBS means compared to the group irradiated with 60 mJ. Dentin thickness did not affect on µTBS. The presence of SPP reduced the mean µTBS values.  Conclusions: Simulated pulpal pressure did not affect the µTBS using 60 mJ of laser energy parameter. At 100 mJ, the presence of SPP negatively influenced the bond strength, regardless of dentin thickness. KEYWORDSBond strength; Dentin; Intrapulpal pressure; Nd:YAG laser.
Thamar University International Dental Conference - TUIDC 1
Authors: Al-anesi Mokhtar Saleh
Published: July 2020

TUIDC 1Thamar University International Dental Conference:  PROCEEDINGSOctober, 16-18, 2019 Faculty of Dentistry - Thamar University Dhamar, Yemen
Efeitos da presença de Canis lupus familiaris L. (carnivora: canidae) (cão) em uma reserva biológica municipal do bioma mata atlântica no sul de Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Roma Talita Nazareth de , Riondet-Costa Daniela Rocha Teixeira , Botezelli Luciana , Reis Leonardo Frasson dos
Published: July 2020

Este estudo tem como objetivo levantar e discutir os efeitos da presença de cães (Canis lupus familiaris L.) na Unidade de Conservação de proteção integral Reserva Biológica Serra dos Toledos, bioma Mata Atlântica, localizada no Município de Itajubá, Sul de Minas Gerais. Foi realizado o levantamento por meio de observações diretas entre os dias 01 a 23 de janeiro de 2019 e também registros fotográficos. Deste modo, são apresentados nesta pesquisa os possíveis impactos que os cães causam às comunidades de vertebrados em fragmentos florestais, demonstrando a necessidade de ações contra a presença dessa espécie em áreas protegidas, uma vez podem até provocar a extinção de algumas espécies. Entre as várias ameaças que recaem sobre as Unidades de Conservação, a expansão antrópica em direção à estas áreas protegidas promove a aproximação com espécies invasoras, os cães. Esta espécie em contato com a fauna silvestre nativa a impacta negativamente, bem como a seus habitats, gerando predação, transmissões interespecíficas de doenças e parasitas, competição, distúrbios diversos que levam a uma maior demanda energética e comportamental dos indivíduos nativos. O trabalho evidencia a necessidade de mais estudos sobre os impactos e os riscos que os cães podem desempenhar sobre as espécies nativas em Unidades de Conservação, principalmente da Reserva Biológica Serra dos Toledos.
Role of the Outer Inflammatory Protein A/Cystine–Glutamate Transporter Pathway in Gastric Mucosal Injury Induced by Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Du Jie , Li Xiao-Hui , Liu Fen , Li Wen-Qun , Gong Zhi-Cheng , Li Yuan-Jian
Published: July 2020

INTRODUCTION:

Helicobacter pylori infection is a major cause of gastrointestinal diseases. However, the pathogenesis of gastric mucosal injury by H. pylori remains unclear. Exogenous glutamate supplementation protects against gastric mucosal injury caused by H. pylori. Previously, we showed that aspirin-induced gastric injury is associated with reduction in glutamate release by inhibition of cystine–glutamate transporter (xCT) activity. We hypothesized that the xCT pathway is involved in H. pylori-induced gastric mucosal injury. In this study, we tested the activity of xCT and evaluated the regulatory effect of outer inflammatory protein (Oip) A on xCT in H. pylori-induced gastric mucosal injury.

METHODS:

In the H. pylori-infected mice and cell lines, the activity of xCT and the regulatory effect of microRNA on xCT were tested, and the effect of OipA from H. pylori on xCT activity was observed.

RESULTS:

The results of in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that H. pylori infection induced gastric mucosal injury. This was accompanied by a reduction in xCT activity, which was attenuated by exogenous glutamate treatment. Furthermore, the expression of miR-30b was upregulated, and miR-30b inhibitors significantly restored xCT activity and gastric mucosal injury caused by H. pylori infection. The OipA, a virulence protein from H. pylori, significantly upregulated the expression levels of miR-30b and inhibited xCT activity.

DISCUSSION:

OipA plays a significant role in H. pylori-induced gastric mucosal injury, and the effects are mediated by micro30b/xCT pathway.
MODELO PARA FORMULAR Y EVALUAR PROYECTOS AMBIENTALES EN EMPRESAS LECHERAS
Authors: CASTIGNANI M. I. , ROSSLER N. , OSAN O. , MANSILLA M. E. , ROSTAGNO M. N.
Published: July 2020

El objeto de este trabajo es presentar una aplicación en Excel, desarrollada por los autores, para evaluar la conveniencia económica y fi nanciera de las inversiones requeridas para implementar un plan de medidas correctivas para el manejo de los efl uentes generados en el proceso productivo de empresas lecheras, a fi n de mejorar o mitigar los impactos ambientales negativos. El modelo permite determinar los costos asociados a las medidas de mitigación y los ingresos asociados con los daños evitados, incluyéndose ambos en un fl ujo de cajas del proyecto que se evalúa. Este benefi cio se compara con los benefi cios obtenidos en la situación vigente (sin proyecto) aplicándose los criterios de evaluación al benefi cio incremental: valor actual neto, tasa interna de retorno, periodo de repago. El modelo propuesto funciona como apoyo al proceso de toma de decisiones, generando información sistematizada y de calidad a partir de datos provenientes de empresas reales.
Metode Latihan Berbantu Media Gambar: Peningkatan Budaya Hidup Bersih dan Sehat melalui Matematika Materi Unsur-Unsur Bangun Datar
Authors: Nurhidayati Ayu
Published: July 2020

This research aim to improve the learning activities, and achievements of the theme of the clean and healthy living mathematical content of the elements of the flat building by utilizing image media assisted training methods before and after learning. This research is a classroom action research so that the research is limited to class II MIN 4 with a total of 30 students. Data is taken through four steps, namely, planning, action, observation, and reflection. Whereas the object is the use of assisted training methods in image media can improve the activities and achievement of learning themes of clean and healthy life mathematical content of the elements of the flat building. The data source of this study is the teacher and students of class II MIN 4 Gunungkidul. Data validation techniques using triangulation techniques and data analysis techniques used are deskripstif qualitative and quantitative. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that thematic learning on the theme of clean living and healthy mathematical content of the elements of the flat building using the image media assisted training method can increase activity and learning achievement in class II MIN 4 Gunungkidul Wonosari Subdistrict, Gunungkidul District 1 semester 2018/2019 lessons.