bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formação de leitores críticos nos três primeiros anos do ensino fundamental
Authors: Sousa Maria Socorro Ramos , Oliveira Edjôfre Coelho
Published: June 2020

O tema deste artigo surgiu do impacto causado pelo contato com a sala de aula durante o curso de Pedagogia e tem como tema a formação de leitores críticos nos primeiros três anos do ensino fundamental. Traz como problemática compreender como ocorre o processo de formação de leitores críticos no período de alfabetização, sabendo-se que a formação desse aluno enquanto leitor critico é de fundamental importância para a vida do mesmo em sociedade. Em relação à metodologia, a pesquisa foi classificada como exploratória, descritiva e explicativa, de natureza dedutiva, de abordagem qualitativa. Tem como objetivo investigar a formação de leitores críticos com idades de 6 a 8 anos e identificar os fatores que influenciam nas dificuldades dessa formação. Para fundamentar o trabalho monográfico foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica com Albuquerque (2007), Antunes (2001), Soares (2005, 2015), Founi (2002), onde se constatou que o trabalho docente para uma alfabetização leitora inclui muitos aspectos que vão desde a formação docente até as estruturas e as estratégias pedagógicas. Assim, definiram-se conceitos, concepções e teorias já existentes para confrontar a problemática delimitada.

(Imagem de Sasin Tipchai por Pixabay)
Liberdade religiosa x liberdade sexual
Authors: Noronha Silvanildo Pereira , Lima João Pedro Sousa , Silva Silvia Patrícia
Published: June 2020

Adotando como pressuposto teórico que a produção dos discursos é controlada, selecionada e redistribuída por uma série de procedimentos, cuja finalidade é organizar o campo social a respeito de determinadas ideias (FOUCAULT, 1999), este projeto de pesquisa propõe investigar as articulações discursivas produzidas por segmentos religiosos de base cristã no Brasil –católicos romanos e protestantes evangélicos -, a respeito das visibilidades LGBTs, analisando as articulações entre a diversidade sexual e de gênero, Religião, Estado e fenômenos agrupáveis sob a rubrica da LGBTfobia no cenário brasileiro na contemporaneidade. Problematiza-se, nesta investigação, a persistência de um cenário religioso refratário às manifestações da sexualidade que escapam a norma heterossexual (BORRILLO, 2009) como uma possível resposta a intensificação das lutas a favordos direitos das pessoas LGBTs, causas especialmente apoiadas pela ONU. A discussão se dará articulando as percepções religiosas e medos às transformações culturais ligadas ao reconhecimento e a visibilidade das minorias sexuais na atualidade (SARTORI; MANTOVANI, 2016), bem como, o crescimento da presença de religiosos na política partidária (MACHADO, 2012). Situando-se no contexto da metodologia qualitativa, tendo como fonte, diversos materiais produzidos por organizações religiosas de base cristã no Brasil.

(Imagem de J F por Pixabay)
Using English Movie with Delay and Non Delay Subtitle to Improve Listening Skill
Authors: Amal Muh. Ikhlasul , Syahdan  , Pandi Risal , M Halid , Arialdi
Published: June 2020

The aim of the study was  to  analyze  and  describe  the  process of  improving students’ listening skill for eleventh grade students of MAN 1 Majene, West Sulawesi Province through  watching English movies. The subject of this research is XI Agama 2 Class that consisted of 16 students. The method used in this study is Classroom Action Research (CAR) which the writer works  collaboratively with the English teacher. The results in this study indicate that there  was  improvement of the students’ skill listening. Most of the students gradually gained good scores at the end of the cycle. The data were collected from a questionnaire, observation note of performance, pre-test and post-test. The study was conducted with cycle model through the steps of planning, conducting, observation, and reflection. The results of this study show a significant relationship between students' learning by English movie with delay subtitle related to their listening skills as shown in their improvement of post- test and positive responses of students than  E nglish movie  with not delay. The questionnaire shows that more than 75% students felt easy to understand listening materials from native speakers. Consequently, it was suggested that teaching learning process using English movie with English subtitle is recommended  into  learning  process  to  improve students' listening skills in English language classroom. In conclusion, watching English movie can improve students listening skill.
Act of Resistance against Government Policies in Slavery as Reflected in Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Authors: Murtini Anugrah
Published: June 2020

The aims of this research were to find the implementation of government policies toward the African-American slaves in America and act of resistance against slavery system as reflected in the novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method by applying sociological approach in analyzing Uncle Tom’s Cabin with reference to Wellek and Warren on the relationship between literary work and social context in which it was written. Data sources are primary and supporting data. The primary data are taken from Uncle Tom’s Cabin, and supporting data are taken from the books, journals, articles, and some sources from internet. In this novel, the researcher found that; 1) Government policies toward the African-American slaves reflected in Uncle Tom’s Cabin are Slave Codes 1705 and Fugitive Slave Act 1850 2) the act of resistence by the slaves against slavery system reflected in this novel is passive resistence. Passive resistences are shown by the characters of the slave such as runnaway, tell a lie, and protesting the authority of their owner.
STUDI MALAPRAKTEK PEMILU DI TEMPAT PEMUNGUTAN SUARA PADA PEMUNGUTAN DAN PENGHITUNGAN SUARA PEMILU SERENTAK TAHUN 2019 DI KABUPATEN BUTON
Authors: - Awaludin
Published: June 2020

This study aims to determine the forms of Election malpractice that occur in the process of voting and counting at polling stations (TPS) in the implementation of simultaneous elections in 2019 in Buton District. Other than that, this study also aims to identify what factors influence the occurrence of Election Malappractice in Buton District, focus on the process of voting and counting at polling stations. The method used in this study is description research. Data sources in writing this thesis consist of primary data and secondary data. Primary data in the form of interviews and observations. Structured interviews were conducted with election organizers in Buton Regency in this case members of Bawaslu, KPU, PPK, PPS and KPPS. While observations in the voting and counting process are conducted in 2 (two) different polling stations, namely TPS 001 Bungi Village, and 004 TPS, Kombeli Village. Meanwhile, secondary data in the form of voter data, data on the results of voting and counting, recapitulation of the results of vote counting, letters, and regulations related to the voting and counting process. The data that has been obtained is then analyzed by reducing, presenting and drawing conclusions. The results of the study showed that there were malpractices in the election in the process of voting and counting at polling stations in the form of ghost voters, double voting, writing inaccurate C1 form, manipulation of vote acquisition of Election participants, lack of logistics, inaccurate voter data, voting that does not provide comfort for all groups of voters and the implementation of voting and counting in a certain degree it is not transparent and inaccurate. While the factors that influence the occurrence of malpractice are in the form of heavy workload, lack of competency of KPPS officers, changing regulations and no legal certainty, witnesses to the Election participants did not understand their duties and roles at the polling station, and a large amount of logistics.
FİDE GELİŞİM DÖNEMİNDEKİ BAZI BUĞDAY GENOTİPLERİNDE ÖZELLİKLER ARASI KORELASYON ANALİZİ
Authors: EREN Barış , DEMİREL Fatih
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada, 1 Gernik buğdayı (Triticum dicoccum L), 1 ekmeklik buğday yerel genotipi (Triticum aestivum L.) ve 1 ekmeklik buğday tescilli çeşidi (Triticum aestivum L.) olmak üzere 3 buğday genotipinde çimlenme ve fide gelişimi dönemlerine ait çimlenme oranı (ÇO), sürgün uzunluğu (SU), kök uzunluğu (KU), sürgün kök oranı (SKO), kök yaş ağırlığı (KYA), sürgün yaş ağırlığı (SYA), sürgün kuru ağırlığı (SKA), kök kuru ağırlığı (KKA) ve protein oranı (PO) özellikleri incelenmiştir. İn vitro ortamda yürütülen çalışmada gözlemler arasındaki korelasyon katsayıları belirlenmiştir. ÇO, SU, KU, SKO, KYA, SYA, SKA, KKA ve PO özelliklerine ait ortalamalar sırasıyla %79.76, 19.28 cm, 11.86 cm, 1.86, 73.8 mg, 128.4 mg, 18.7 mg, 11.8 mg ve %22.09 olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda korelasyon analizi sonucunda kök uzunluğu ile kök yaş ağırlığı, sürgün yaş ağırlığı ile sürgün kuru ağırlığı, kök yaş ağırlığı ile sürgün yaş ağırlığı ve sürgün kuru ağırlığı ile kök kuru ağırlığı arasında olumlu (pozitif korelasyon) ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca sürgün yaş ağırlığı ile sürgün kuru ağırlığı ve kök kuru ağırlığı değerleri arasında da pozitif korelasyon olduğu görülmüştür.
ANALISIS KEPUASAN JAMAAH UMRAH TERHADAP PENERAPAN SISTEM PEMASARAN PENJUALAN LANGSUNG BERJENJANG SYARIAH PADA PT ARMINAREKA PERDANA
Authors: Ariyono Indra Dwi , Hakim Adril
Published: June 2020

ABSTRAK: Penelitian ini membahas tentang kepuasan jamaah umrah terhadap penerapan sistrem pemasaran PLBS yang diterapkan oleh PT. Arminareka Perdana seiring adanya fatwa DSN – MUI No. 83 / VI / 2012. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner. Jumlah sampel 103 responden jamaah umrah PT. Arminareka Perdana. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif untuk mengetahui tingkat kepuasan jamaah umrah terhadap sistem PLBS di PT. Arminareka Perdana.Hasil analisis ini mengungkapkan bahwa nilai kepuasan sebesar 0,76 (puas) pada variabel silent service , sebesar 0,86 (sangat puas) pada variabel image , sebesar 0,63 (puas) pada variabel proactive service , sebesar 0,79 (puas) pada variabel quality product dan sebesar 0,72 (puas) pada variabel pricing. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa 4 variabel bernilai puas dan 1 variabel bernilai sangat puas dengan nilai interpretasi 0,61 – 0,80 dan 0,81 – 1,00.Kata Kunci : Jama’ah Umrah, PLBS, Fatwa dan Kepuasan pelangganABSTRACT: This study discusses the satisfaction of Umrah pilgrims to the application of marketing system of PLBS applied by PT .Arminareka Perdana, as along with the emergence of fatwa DSN - MUI No. 83 / VI / 2012. The data used in this study are primary data from interviews using questionnaires. Data were analyzed descriptively to determine the level of satisfaction of Umrah pilgrims against PLBS system in PT. Arminareka Perdana. The result revealed that the satisfaction score is 0.76 (satisfied) in the variable silent service. Then it is 0.86 (very satisfied) in the variable image, and 0.63 (satisfied) in the variable proactive service,and before the last is 0.79 (satisfied) in the variable quality product and the last is 0.72 (satisfied) in the variable pricing. It can be concluded that the four variables worth satisfied and 1 variable is worth very satisfied with the value interpretation from 0.61 to 0.80 and from 0.81 to 1.00.Keywords: Umroh pilgrims, PLBS, fatwa, and costumer satisfactory
PERAN AGEN ASURANSI SYARIAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN MASYARAKAT TENTANG ASURANSI SYARIAH
Authors: Hariyadi Edi , Triyanto Abdi
Published: June 2020

ABSTRAK. Permasalahan yang akan diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalahbagaimana peran seorang agen asuransi dalam meningkatkan pemahaman terhadapa asuransi takaful. Dalam penelitian ini juga berusaha menjawab bagaimana sikap perilaku nasabah terhadap eksistensi asuaransi syariah. Kedua bagaimana kerja keras seorang agen asuransi syariah dalam meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat. Model penelitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan. Hasil daripada penelitian ini, agen memiliki peran dalam mengakses informasi, menjaga image asuransi syariah, memberikan solusi dan konsultasi terhadapnasabah yang prospektif. Dengan begitu, pemahamanan masyarakat akan manfaat takaful akan menjadi lebih baik.Keywords: Agent Asuransi Syariah, Peran Agen asuransi syariah,pemahaman masyarakatABSTRACT. The subject matter to be discussed in this paper is how the role of an Islamic insurance agent in increasing public understanding of Takaful. In addition this paper will try to answer: how people's attitude toward the existence of Islamic insurance; and how should the efforts of an Islamic insurance agent to increase insurance awareness for the community. This paper focuses the discussion of an agent as an intermediary between the Takaful Islamic insurance company with the community. The method used in this paper is to study literature (Library Research), namely by rethinking simultaneously collects some writing and previous research results related to the presence and role of thefunction of an agent. This results in writing that there are a few roles Takaful agent, such as access to information, guard the good image of Islamic insurance companies, power marketers Islamic insurance products, providing solutions and services to prospective customers as well as provide insight to the public right of Takaful. On the basis of the understanding of Takaful then the public will know and understand the importance of using Takaful.Keywords: Islamic Insurance Agent, Role of Agent, Understanding of society
PRODUK PEMBIAYAAN SOSIAL PADA PERBANKAN SYARIAH DI INDONESIA
Authors: Falikhatun Falikhatun , Iswati Sri , Saleh Mohammad
Published: June 2020

ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara mendalammengenai produk pembiayaan sosial pada perbankan syariah di Indonesia. Paradigma yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah paradigma interpretif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Pendekatan ini digunakan untuk menggali informasi yang terkait dengan pengalaman Muqridh (orang yang berpiutang) dalam implementasi produk pembiayaan sosial. Pengumpulan data dilakukandengan wawancara mendalam, observasi dan dokumentasi, sedangkan analisis yang digunakan adalah Analisis Fenomenologi Interpretatif. Hasil analisis menyimpulkan bahwa menurut pengalaman Muqridh, obyek produk pembiayaan sosial pada perbankan syariah di Indonesia meliputi Uang Muka Gaji (UMG), Rahn Emas dan HawalahKata kunci: Hawalah, Rahn Emas, Uang Muka GajiABSTRACT. The study aims to analyze in depth about social financing products on Islamic banking in Indonesia. The paradigm that is used in this research is interpretive paradigm approach to Phenomenology. This approach is used to dig up the information associated with the experience of Muqridh in the implementation of social financing products. Data collection is done with the interview, observation and documentation, while analysis is the analysis of Interpretive Phenomenology. The results of the analysis concluded thataccording to the experience of the Muqridh, the object of social financingproducts on Islamic banking in Indonesia include an advance salary, the gold Rahn and the HawalahKeywords: Hawalah, Gold Rahn Emas, Advance salary
Konsep Wakaf Yang Efektif Dalam Membangun Bangsa
Authors: Hidayat Roni
Published: June 2020

Islam has comprehensive concepts and solutions, one of them is for human socio-economic problems, therefore in Islam there are social services such as waqf. Even though Muslims realize that waqf is one of the economic sources, so far only a few have been utilized maximally and productively. There are so many waqf wealth in Indonesia. However, in general its utilization is still traditional consumptive and has not been managed productively, so it has not been right on target in solving people's socio-economic problems. The causes are: 1) Understanding of waqf that is still lacking, 2) Management of waqf that is not optimal, 3) Limited objects that are represented and the end of waqf. For this reason, it is necessary to reformulate how the concept of waqf is effective or the right target according to its function to realize social welfare in developing the nation. Namely by 1) Improving people's understanding of waqf. Endowments according to the Act. no. 41 of 2004 concerning endowments, namely: immovable property (land, buildings / parts, plants and other objects relating to land, ownership rights to units of flats, wells, other immovable property.) And movable assets (money, precious metals, letters valuable, vehicles, intellectual property rights (IPR), rental rights and other movable objects). 2) Empowerment of waqf, waqf assets mentioned above can be empowered to become productive property, profits from productive waqf can be utilized for the benefit of the ummah. 3) Management of waqf based on organizations and legal entities, this can produce professional nazhir, uniform and targeted distribution, innovative and actual fundraising. If this concept is implemented as well as possible, the primary needs of the community will be fulfilled, even social funds will also be available from the management of productive waqf.
Effectiveness Of Zakat Collection In Optimizing The Potential Of Zakat In West Java Case Study Of West Java Baznas
Authors: Syakir Ahmad , Zulkarnain Lutfi
Published: June 2020

This study aims to analyze the strategic effectiveness of Zakat collection carried out by West Java BAZNAS. In this study the author uses a qualitative approach, with data collection techniques that are descriptive analysis. The data used in this study were obtained from the results of observations at the place of research, direct interviews with related sources, and collection of documentation as data collection techniques in this study. The results and findings of this study indicate that the collection of zakat made has a decrease. Where there are internal factors of West Java BAZNAS that have not been optimal and public awareness in carrying out zakat is still low. This research is expected to be a reference for zakat institutions, academics, and the public about the need for support in collecting zakat.
Analysis Of The Influence Of Organizational Culture And Satisfaction On Employee Performance (Case Study: Kspps Dana Ukhuwah)
Authors: Mutafannin Waffa Mutia , Nurhasanah Nining
Published: June 2020

This study aims to find out how the influence of organizational culture and satisfaction on the performance of employees at KSPPS Dana Ukhuwah. This study uses correlative or correlational models with the quantitative type of qualitative research. Based on the primary data in the form of questionnaires distributed to employees and secondary data in the form of journals, books and etc. By using Multiple Linear Regression analysis, it can be seen the effect of each independent variable on the dependent variable partially and the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable simultaneously. Based on the results of the analysis of this study, organizational culture variables have a positive and significant influence on employee performance partially and conversely the satisfaction variable does not have a positive and significant effect on employee performance. However, simultaneously organizational culture and satisfaction have sufficient influence on employee performance.
Educación inclusiva, criticidad y compromiso social. Innovación docente y Aprendizaje-Servicio en la formación inicial docente
Authors: Ruiz-Bejarano A.M.
Published: June 2020

Durante el curso 2018/2019 se realizó Una educación para la paz y el buen trato, una experiencia de Aprendizaje y Servicio (ApS) desarrollada en el primer curso del Grado en Educación Infantil de la Universidad de Cádiz. Esta experiencia didáctica preten­día responder a la necesidad de favorecer la comunicación entre una escuela infantil de primer ciclo y las familias de su alum­nado. Asimismo, se planteaba ofrecer al estudiantado universitario un aprendizaje académico contextualizado que partie­se de una problemática socioeducativa real y que propiciase una formación en competencias y valores para el ejercicio de una docencia crítica y reflexiva, so­cialmente responsable y comprometida con una educación inclusiva, equitativa y de calidad. La experiencia consistió en la planificación de talleres educativos in­tergeneracionales donde participaban el alumnado de la escuela, sus abuelos y sus abuelas y se celebró durante una se­mana con motivo del Día Mundial de la Infancia (20 de noviembre). Este artículo analiza la organización de esta experien­cia en el aula universitaria y se centra especialmente en los aprendizajes de competencias y valores para una docen­cia crítica y reflexiva. La información fue recopilada a través de las producciones discursivas del alumnado. Se concluye que la experiencia de ApS permitió trabajar competencias interpersonales e intraper­sonales, competencias instrumentales para la ejecución del proyecto y compe­tencias directamente relacionadas con una docencia comprometida. Asimismo, la experiencia profundizó en la valoriza­ción de la solidaridad y la diversidad.
El prácticum en educación superior. Algunos hitos, problemáticas y retos de las tres últimas décadas
Authors: Tejada Fernández J.
Published: June 2020

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo realizar una aproximación a la evolución del prácticum en la formación de profesionales en educación superior en las tres últimas décadas, tanto desde su conceptualización como de su abordaje práctico. Se parte de fijar algunos hitos relevantes en torno a tres momentos. 1. ¿De dónde venimos? O los momentos iniciáticos con la renovación de los planes de estudios en los 80 y las nuevas normativas posibilitadoras de las prácticas en escenarios profesionales. 2. ¿Dónde estamos? Conectado con todo el proceso de Bolonia y la nueva articulación de los planes de estudios en las nuevas estructuras curriculares de referencia europea; donde la formación basada en competencias viene a dar un giro muy significativo respecto de la visión disciplinar anterior. 3. ¿Hacia dónde vamos? Incremento-consolidación de la relación/interacción universidad-escenario socioprofesional, donde la formación en alternancia, en varias modalidades, viene a convertirse, con sus implicaciones, en el nuevo referente de prácticas/prácticum de calidad. Ubicados los tres hitos-momentos, es necesario abordar algunas problemáticas y retos que nos plantea las prácticas/prácticum de calidad. En este sentido, se reflexiona sobre el prácticum como espacio de generación y transferencia de conocimiento profesional, como espacio de colaboración interinstitucional, como tiempo y espacio de construcción de la identidad profesional y sobre su diseño, desarrollo y evaluación, tomando el contrato de aprendizaje como estrategia y herramienta a tal fin.
La corrupción de las teorías en las prácticas: el caso del campo de la formación en prácticas profesionales
Authors: Sanjurjo L.
Published: June 2020

La inclusión generalizada de prácticas en los diseños de formación profesional lleva ya décadas. Sin duda, el reconocimiento teórico-práctico de su importancia responde a una larga tradición que tiene hitos clave en la corriente de la escuela nueva y en los aportes del constructivismo. En esa dirección, más recientemente, investigaciones, experiencias y aportes teóricos de las últimas tres décadas han reforzado la toma de conciencia sobre su importancia por parte de responsables de las políticas de formación. No obstante, las dificultades persistentes hacen necesario avanzar en el análisis de algunos nudos obturantes. El artículo desarrolla una hipótesis, sustentada en investigaciones y experiencias de un grupo de docentes de práctica que en Argentina se viene dedicando a esta problemática desde hace décadas. A tal fin, explicitaré, en primer lugar, el estado de desarrollo del campo de las prácticas en los diseños de formación profesional en Argentina. A continuación, fundamentaré la hipótesis de que un obstáculo persistente tiene que ver con la fuerte internalización subjetiva y social de la concepción instrumentalista de la práctica, hecho que no es superable con la sola implementación de nuevos diseños. Finalmente, comentaré experiencias que intentan acompañar los cambios curriculares con acciones sistemáticas de formación en concepciones epistemológicas de práctica alternativas a la concepción instrumentalista de fuerte arraigo positivista y con acciones socializadas en comunidades de práctica. Las experiencias han surgido de la convicción de que, tanto el desarrollo profesional formalizado en propuestas de posgrado como proyectos autogestionados pueden ser dispositivos posibilitadores de revisión de las concepciones arraigadas acríticamente.  
Veinte años de cambio en la educación superior: logros, fracasos y retos pendientes. Homenaje a Miguel Ángel Zabalza
Authors: Paricio Royo J. , Fernández March A. , Trillo Alonso F.
Published: June 2020

Han pasado ya algo más de 20 años desde que los ministros de educación europeos firmaron la Declaración de Bolonia (1999). Era la respuesta europea a una exigencia mundial de transformación de la educación superior, que todavía no ha culminado. Han sido veinte años vertiginosos, en los que las universidades han hecho un gran esfuerzo por volver a diseñar sus titulaciones desde presupuestos nuevos y cambiar la cultura docente del profesorado. Veinte años era un buen motivo para llamar a hacer balance, máxime cuando coincidía con la jubilación de uno de los protagonistas más destacados de este proceso, tanto en España como en América Latina: nuestro compañero y antiguo director de esta revista, Miguel Ángel Zabalza.
Avaliação da contaminação, sobrevivência e remoção do coronavírus em sistemas de tratamento de esgoto sanitário
Authors: Rollemberg Silvio , Barros Amanda Nascimento de , Lima João Pedro Machado de
Published: June 2020

O mundo vem sofrendo uma das mais fortes pandemias da história, causada pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2. Até agora, há relatos de aproximadamente 3,0 milhões de infectados no mundo. Embora não haja relato conclusivo sobre a transmissão feco-oral do Coronavírus entre pessoas, acredita-se que esse tipo de transmissão seja possível, uma vez que o SARS-Cov-2 já foi detectado em efluentes domésticos e em fezes de pacientes. Esse trabalho realizou uma revisão de literatura avaliando a sobrevivência dos vírus da família Coronaviridae através do esgoto, seja pela presença no efluente (corrente líquida), seja pela presença no lodo de estação de tratamento, que poderão causar contaminações pelo manejo inadequado dos resíduos produzidos no sistema de tratamento. Foi observado que o vírus é sensível à temperatura e às condições do meio, como incidência da radiação solar, concentração de amônia, etc. Observou-se na revisão que o patógeno pode ficar ativo por até 2 semanas nas correntes liquidas de esgoto. Com relação às tecnologias de tratamento, embora a desinfecção seja a etapa primordial para inativação do patógeno, algumas tecnologias em nível secundário, notadamente MBR e Lagoas de Estabilização, podem auxiliar na remoção de patógenos virais. Por fim, o trabalho mostrou que a maior presença de fármacos a base de cloroquina, os quais tem sido utilizado no combate à doença, pode ser tóxico a sistemas anaeróbios, principal rota de tratamento de esgoto sanitário do Brasil. Diante do novo cenário no país, é necessário que as ETEs passem por readequações tendo em vista a maior concentração do patógeno SARS-Cov-2.
Evaluation of the OMPS/LP stratospheric aerosol extinction product using SAGE III/ISS observations
Authors: Chen Zhong , Bhartia Pawan K. , Torres Omar , Jaross Glen , Loughman Robert , DeLand Matthew , Colarco Peter , Damadeo Robert , Taha Ghassan
Published: June 2020

Abstract. The Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite Limb Profiler (OMPS/LP) has been taking
limb-scattered measurements since April 2012. It is designed to
produce ozone and aerosol vertical profiles at a 1.6 km vertical resolution
over the entire sunlit globe. The Version 1.5 (V1.5) aerosol extinction
retrieval algorithm provides aerosol extinction profiles using observed
radiances at 675 nm. The algorithm assumes Mie theory and a gamma function
aerosol size distribution for the stratospheric aerosol that is derived from results calculated by the Community Aerosol and Radiation Model for Atmospheres (CARMA). In this paper, we compare V1.5 LP aerosol profiles with SAGE
III/ISS solar occultation observations for the period from June 2017 to May 2019,
when both measurements were available to evaluate our ability to
characterize background aerosol conditions. Overall, LP extinction profiles
agree with SAGE III/ISS data to within ±25 % for altitudes between
19 and 27 km, even during periods perturbed by volcanic eruptions or intense
forest fires. In this altitude range, the slope parameter of linear fitting
of LP extinction values with respect to SAGE III/ISS measurements is close
to 1.0, with Pearson correlation coefficients of r≥0.95, indicating
that the LP aerosol data are reliable in that altitude range. Comparisons of
extinction time series show that both instruments capture the variability of
the stratospheric aerosol layer quite well, and the differences between the
two instruments vary from 0 % to ±25 % depending on altitude,
latitude, and time. In contrast, we find erroneous seasonal variations
in the OMPS/LP Version 1.5 dataset, which usually exist below 20 km in the
Southern Hemisphere due to the lack of sensitivity to particles when the
scattering angle (SA) is greater than 145∘. We also find that LP-retrieved extinction is systematically higher than SAGE III/ISS observations
at altitudes above 28 km and systematically lower below 19 km in the tropics
with significant biases up to ±13 %. This is likely due in part to
the fact that the actual aerosol size distribution is altitude dependent.
There are also other reasons related to cloud contamination, wavelength
limitations, aerosol loading, and the influence of the viewing configuration.
Using global reanalysis data to quantify and correct airflow distortion bias in shipborne wind speed measurements
Authors: Landwehr Sebastian , Thurnherr Iris , Cassar Nicolas , Gysel-Beer Martin , Schmale Julia
Published: June 2020

Abstract. At sea, wind forcing is responsible for the formation and development of surface waves and represents an important source of near-surface turbulence. Therefore, processes related to near-surface turbulence and wave breaking, such as sea spray emission and air–sea gas exchange, are often parameterised with wind speed.
Thus, shipborne wind speed measurements provide highly relevant observations. They can, however, be compromised by flow distortion due to the ship's structure and objects near the anemometer that modify the airflow, leading to a deflection of the apparent wind direction and positive or negative acceleration of the apparent wind speed. The resulting errors in the estimated true wind speed can be greatly magnified at low wind speeds.
For some research ships, correction factors have been derived from computational fluid dynamic models or through direct comparison with wind speed measurements from buoys. These correction factors can, however, lose their validity due to changes in the structures near the anemometer and, thus, require frequent re-evaluation, which is costly in either computational power or ship time.
Here, we evaluate if global atmospheric reanalysis data can be used to quantify the flow distortion bias in shipborne wind speed measurements.
The method is tested on data from the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition onboard the R/V Akademik Tryoshnikov, which are compared to ERA-5 reanalysis wind speeds.
We find that, depending on the relative wind direction, the relative wind speed and direction measurements are biased by −37 % to +22 % and -17∘ to +11∘ respectively.
The resulting error in the true wind speed is +11.5 % on average but ranges from −4 % to +41 % (5th and 95th percentile).
After applying the bias correction, the uncertainty in the true wind speed is reduced to ±5 % and depends mainly on the average accuracy of the ERA-5 data over the period of the experiment.
The obvious drawback of this approach is the potential intrusion of model biases in the correction factors. We show that this problem can be somewhat mitigated when the error propagation in the true wind correction is accounted for and used to weight the observations.
We discuss the potential caveats and limitations of this approach and conclude that it can be used to quantify flow distortion bias for ships that operate on a global scale. The method can also be valuable to verify computational fluid dynamic studies of airflow distortion on research vessels.
Collapse of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning described by Langevin dynamics
Authors: van den Berk Jelle , Drijfhout Sybren , Hazeleger Wilco
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Using a machine learning technique, collapse trajectories of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation from climate models of intermediate complexity are fitted to a simple model based on the Langevin equation. A total of six parameters are sufficient to quantitatively describe the collapses seen in these simulations under a freshwater forcing. Reversing the freshwater forcing results in asymmetric behaviour that is less well captured and would require a more complicated model.
R2D2: Accounting for temporal dependences in multivariate bias correction via analogue ranks resampling
Authors: Vrac Mathieu , Thao Soulivanh
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Over the last few years, multivariate bias correction methods have been developed to adjust spatial and/or inter-variable dependence properties of climate simulations. Most of them do not correct – and sometimes even degrade – the associated temporal features. Here, we propose a multivariate method to adjust the spatial and/or inter-variable properties while also accounting for the temporal dependence, such as autocorrelations. Our method consists in an extension of a previously developed approach that relies on an analogue-based method applied to the ranks of the time series to be corrected, rather than applied to their ``raw’’ values. Several configurations are tested and compared on daily temperature and precipitation simulations over Europe from one Earth System Model. Those differ by the conditioning information used to compute the analogues, and can include multiple variables at each given time, a univariate variable lagged over several time steps, or both – multiple variables lagged over time steps. Compared to the initial approach, results of the multivariate corrections show that, while the spatial and inter-variable correlations are still satisfactorily corrected even when increasing the dimension of the conditioning, the temporal autocorrelations are improved with some of the tested configurations of this extension. A major result is also that the choice of the information to condition the analogues is key since it partially drives the capability of the proposed method to reconstruct proper multivariate dependencies.
Coordinating an operational data distribution network for CMIP6 data
Authors: Petrie Ruth , Denvil Sébastien , Ames Sasha , Levavasseur Guillaume , Fiore Sandro , Allen Chris , Antonio Fabrizio , Berger KatharinaPier , Bretonnière Pierre-Antoine , Cinquini Luca , Dart Eli , Dwarakanath Prashanth , Druken Kelsey , Evans Ben , Franchistéguy Laurent , Gardoll Sébastien , Gerbier Eric , Greenslade Mark , Hassell David , Iwi Alan , Juckes Martin , Kindermann Stephan , Lacinski Lukasz , Mirto Maria , Nasser Atef Ben , Nassisi Paola , Nienhouse Eric , Nikonov Sergey , Nuzzo Alessandra , Richards Clare , Ridzwan Syazwan , Rixen Michel , Serradell Kim , Snow Kate , Stephens Ag , Stockhause Martina , Vahlenkamp Hans , Wagner Rick
Published: June 2020

Abstract. The distribution of data contributed to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) is via the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF). The ESGF is a network of internationally distributed sites that together work as a federated data archive. Data records from climate modelling institutes are published on the ESGF and then shared around the world. It is anticipated that CMIP6 will produce O(20PB) of data to be published and distributed via the ESGF. In addition to this large volume of data a number of value-added CMIP6 services are required to interact with the ESGF, for example the Citation and Errata services both interact with the ESGF but are not a core part of its infrastructure. With a number of interacting services and a large volume of data anticipated for CMIP6 a CMIP Data Node Operations Team (CDNOT) was formed. The CDNOT coordinated and implemented a series of CMIP6 preparation data challenges to test all the interacting components in the ESGF CMIP6 software ecosystem. This ensured that when CMIP6 data were released it could be reliably distributed.
Editors' Note
Authors: Cohn Ellen R. , Cason Jana
Published: June 2020

Editors' Note
Performance Management of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in Morocco
Authors: Khadija Benazzi , Mustapha Razzouki
Published: June 2020

Sustainable economic growth depends on many factors, the most important of which is the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises. As an independent and indispensable element of a market economy, small and medium-sized enterprises contribute to the structural restructuring of the economy, strengthen regional economic base, increase overall production, creates a favorable environment for the development of competition, creates jobs for a large part of the population and stimulates scientific and technological progress. Despite understanding the value of the human element in achieving success at the organizational level, relatively few SMEs managers pay attention to implementing and using the performance management system. The goal of this paper is to assess the level of performance management tools and techniques used by Moroccan small and medium-sized enterprises in their activities.
Static balance in older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease undergoing pulmonary rehabilitation
Authors: Almeida Clara Narcisa Silva , Costa Rayane Alves da , Manso Kaio Primo , Ferreira Juliana Figueiredo , Callegari Bianca , Oliveira Cristino Carneiro , Neves Laura Maria Tomazi
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVE: To compare balance between older adults with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in tasks involving proprioceptive changes and respiratory muscle load, and to investigate the association between balance, functional capacity, and peripheral and respiratory muscle strength. METHODS: Fourteen older adults with COPD undergoing pulmonary rehabilitation and nine older adults without pulmonary disease were evaluated for static balance on a force platform under four conditions: eyes open, eyes closed, eyes closed on foam, and eyes open with respiratory overload. Differences between groups, among conditions and group/condition interactions, were tested using two-way ANOVA. Associations were explored using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. RESULTS: No differences in the posturographic variables were found in the group/condition interactions (p ≥ 0.23). The COPD group exhibited greater total displacement (F = 8.79, p = 0.003), mediolateral sway (F = 4.01, p = 0.04) and anteroposterior velocity (F = 4.28, p = 0.04) in the group effect analysis. Significant differences were found between eyes closed on foam and other conditions for all posturographic variables: anteroposterior sway (F = 13.39), mediolateral sway (F = 28.58), total displacement (F = 59.4), area (F = 37.68), anteroposterior velocity (F = 26.42), and mediolateral velocity (F = 33.29), in the condition effect analysis (p < 0.001, post-hoc). In the COPD group, significant correlations were found between the Glittre-ADL test, anteroposterior sway (r = 0.68, p = 0.01), and anteroposterior velocity (r = 0.67, p = 0.009); the 6MWT was also correlated with anteroposterior velocity (r = 0.59, p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Older adults with COPD present balance deficits compared to healthy individuals. The unstable surface caused greater postural instability compared to other conditions in both groups. Impaired balance was associated with reduced physical function and exercise capacity.
Self-perceived health in a group of older adults covered by a health insurance plan
Authors: Manso Maria Elisa Gonzalez , Jesus Leticia Silva de , Gino Diego Reses de
Published: June 2020

INTRODUCTION: Self-perceived health reported by older adults is a tool of great importance for the health care system as it provides an indicator representing physical, cognitive, and emotional aspects of health. OBJECTIVE: To report how a group of older adults covered by a health insurance plan evaluate their self-perceived health and which variables influence their perception. METHOD: This quantitative cross-sectional study included 148 older adults living in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, in 2017. The study variables were sex, age, marital status, performance in basic activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living, sleep quality, leisure activity, number of diseases, and use of continuous medication. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test, χ2 test, or Fisher’s exact test, and logistic regression was used. RESULTS: Significant relationships were observed between poor self-perceived health and the following variables: being female, polypharmacy, number of diseases, sleep quality, and performance in instrumental activities of daily living. Dependence on the instrumental activities of daily living made these older adults 5.33 times more likely to have poor self-perceived health. Each comorbidity added to the health status of this group increased the chance of poor self-perceived health by 1.39 times. CONCLUSION: Self-perceived
health in this group of older adults is influenced by several variables; however, degree of dependence and number of diseases were those with the greatest impact.
The why-how alternation and a new test for sentential negation—on negated how-questions
Authors: Bross Fabian
Published: June 2020

It has been argued that negated how-questions are, in contrast to negated why-questions, ill-formed. Based on this generalization it was proposed that how is located in a structural position below negation. In this squib, I will show that negated how-questions exist and that they instantiate a case of sentential negation by using data from German and English. For this purpose, a new test for sentential negation that can be applied to questions is introduced. I will show that the reason why negated how-questions have been argued to be ill-formed is not necessarily syntactic, but pragmatic (or semantic) in nature. However, I will also show that negative contraction in English negated how-questions is blocked.
Gentrificación en Costa Rica: un estudio exploratorio a partir del indicador de brecha de renta
Authors: Molina Wendy
Published: June 2020

En esta investigación se intenta verificar la presencia de procesos de gentrificación en la Gran Área Metropolitana de Costa Rica, a partir del análisis de los indicadores de Captura de Brecha de Renta y Expulsión Potencial de Población. Para ello se analiza el debate que existe alrededor del concepto, su aplicación en otros países latinoamericanos y sus hallazgos, así como las características del desarrollo urbano en Costa Rica desde inicios del siglo XX. Los resultados muestran que, efectivamente, en la zona rural noroeste de la ciudad, se registra captura y acumulación de brecha de renta y expulsión potencial de población en niveles muy elevados si se los compara con lo hallado en otras ciudades latinoamericanas. Finalmente, se discute acerca de uno de los hallazgos más destacables: el carácter rural de nuestra gentrificación, y la ausencia de gentrificación en zonas céntricas. Se propone que esta modalidad de la gentrificación puede comprenderse a partir del modelo de gobernanza urbana neoliberal de Costa Rica desde la década de los años 1980, el que ha marcado la tendencia de crecimiento desregulado de la ciudad, haciéndola expansiva, fragmentada y con deterioro y abandono del centro, en donde sólo se registran débiles y muy recientes procesos de renovación urbana.
Tipología de barrios para un aporte metodológico desde la segregación residencial en Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México (ZMVM)
Authors: Gómez Maturano Ricardo , Kunz Bolaños Ignacio
Published: June 2020

A pesar de existir un amplio debate sobre la segregación en Latinoamérica existen pocos estudios sobre las ciudades mexicanas, en algunos casos se debe a la resistencia a retomar anglicismos o conceptos que se les señala como descriptivos. Sin embargo, este sesgo ha limitado el conocimiento de procesos urbanos de gran importancia para la comprensión de la ciudad y se ha concluido únicamente por medio de la reflexión que la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México (ZMVM) es una ciudad segregada. Así la investigación tiene como objetivo explorar una nueva metodología para el estudio de la segregación residencial y desmontar estas conclusiones apriorísticas, utilizando una tipología de barrios que resultan de su homogeneidad: los guetos, enclaves y ciudadelas. Los resultados demuestran que más de la mitad de la población no está aislada y que solamente una parte muy pequeña forma patrones espaciales homogéneos. Si bien, no se puede decir que la segregación es un mito; si se puede asegurar que es mucho menor de lo que se afirma en algunos estudios.
El enfoque de género en la Política Nacional de Ciberseguridad de Chile
Authors: Herrera Carpintero Paloma
Published: June 2020

La Política Nacional de Ciberseguridad de Chile señala que, en materia de derechos fundamentales, se debe emplear un enfoque de género para asegurar la igualdad de las personas en el ciberespacio. El presente artículo tiene por objeto analizar lo que se debe entender por enfoque de género en el marco de esta Política Nacional de Ciberseguridad, junto con la importancia de disminuir la brecha de género a través de la capacitación y manejo de tecnologías por parte de las mujeres. La reflexión se centra en describir los principales peligros y transgresiones que sufren las mujeres en el ciberespacio, en específico, en materia de privacidad y datos personales, para efectos de manifestar que solo en la medida en que todos los sectores de la sociedad estén conscientes de esta desigualdad, podremos lograr un ciberespacio libre, abierto, seguro, resiliente e igualitario.
El ethos socrático y la formación del ser en la enseñanza del derecho
Authors: Del Mastro Puccio Fernando
Published: June 2020

En la presente investigación presentamos características del ethos socrático a la luz de los últimos trabajos de Michel Foucault y Hanna Arendt, así como de nuestra lectura de los diálogos socráticos y lo sostenido por otros autores acerca de Sócrates. A partir de dicho trabajo, buscamos plantear cómo entender la dimensión del ser del estudiante universitario. Asimismo, nos preguntamos por el potencial que nuestra aproximación para promover el trabajo pedagógico en torno al ser del estudiante de derecho. Nuestra propuesta se centra en encontrar espacios en los que se puedan promover diálogos en los que los y las estudiantes revelen la verdad de sus propios pensamientos, así como de los modos de vivir asociados a ellos, con miras a ocuparse de sí mismos. Un punto central de la propuesta radica en comprender que los y las estudiantes de derecho tienen una serie de vivencias en sistemas regulatorios previos a su formación jurídica, como el de la familia o la escuela. Dichas vivencias marcan concepciones y modos de vivir en sistemas regulatorios que influirán en su comprensión y vivencia del derecho. Así, el ethos socrático sería un camino para trabajar en torno a dichas concepciones a fin de que los y las estudiantes las examinen en el marco de diálogos guiados por la humildad, el coraje, la congruencia y la pasión por la interrogación.