bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Moduli spaces of vector bundles over ruled surfaces
Authors: Aprodu Marian , Brînzănescu Vasile
Published: July 2016

We study moduli spacesM(c1,c2,d, r) of isomorphism classes of algebraic 2-vector bundles with fixed numerical invariantsc1,c2,d,rover a ruled surface. These moduli spaces are independent of any ample line bundle on the surface. The main result gives necessary and sufficient conditions for the non-emptiness of the spaceM(c1,c2,d, r) and we apply this result to the moduli spacesML(c1,c2) of stable bundles, whereLis an ample line bundle on the ruled surface.
Sextactic points on a simple closed curve
Authors: Thorbergsson Gudlaugur , Umehara Masaaki
Published: July 2016

We give optimal lower bounds for the number of sextactic points on a simple closed curve in the real projective plane. Sextactic points are after inflection points the simplest projectively invariant singularities on such curves. Our method is axiomatic and can be applied in other situations.
Existence and Boundedness of Parametrized Marcinkiewicz Integral with Rough Kernel on Campanato Spaces
Authors: Ding Yong , Xue Qingying , Yabuta Kôzô
Published: July 2016

Let g(f), S(f), g*λ(f) be the Littlewood-Paley g function, Lusin area function, and Littlewood-Paley g*λ(f) function of f, respectively. In 1990 Chen Jiecheng and Wang Silei showed that if, for a BMO function f, one of the above functions is finite for a single point in ℝn, then it is finite a.e. on ℝn, and BMO boundedness holds. Recently, Sun Yongzhong extended this result to the case of Campanato spaces (i.e. Morrey spaces, BMO, and Lipschitz spaces). One of us improved his g*λ(f) result further, and treated parametrized Marcinkiewicz functions with Lipschitz kernel μρ(f), μρs(f) and μλ*,ρ(f). In this paper, we show that the same results hold also in the case of rough kernel satisfying Lp-Dini type condition.
Finiteness of Entire Functions Sharing a Finite Set
Authors: Fujimoto Hirotaka
Published: July 2016

For a finite set S = {a1,…, aq}, consider the polynomial PS(w) = (w – a1)(w – a2) … (w – aq) and assume that has distinct k zeros. Suppose that PS(w) is a uniqueness polynomial for entire functions, namely that, for any nonconstant entire functions ɸ and ψ, the equality PS(ɸ) = cPS(ψ) implies ɸ = ψ, where c is a nonzero constant which possibly depends on ɸ and ψ. Then, under the condition q > k + 2, we prove that, for any given nonconstant entire function g, there exist at most (2q-2)/(q – k – 2) nonconstant entire functions f with f*(S) = g*(S), where f*(S) denotes the pull-back of S considered as a divisor. Moreover, we give some sufficient conditions of uniqueness polynomials for entire functions.
Computing certain Gromov-Witten invariants of the crepant resolution of ℙ(1, 3, 4, 4)
Authors: Boissière Samuel , Mann Étienne , Perroni Fabio
Published: July 2016

We prove a formula computing the Gromov-Witten invariants of genus zero with three marked points of the resolution of the transversalA3-singularity of the weighted projective space ℙ(1,3,4,4) using the theory of deformations of surfaces withAn-singularities. We use this result to check Ruan’s conjecture for the stack ℙ(1,3,4,4).
Distribution of polynomials with cycles of a given multiplier
Authors: Bassanelli Giovanni , Berteloot François
Published: July 2016

In the space of degreedpolynomials, the hypersurfaces defined by the existence of a cycle of periodnand multipliereiθare known to be contained in the bifurcation locus. We prove that these hypersurfaces equidistribute the bifurcation current. This is a new result, even for the space of quadratic polynomials.
On the boundary of moduli spaces of log Hodge structures, II: Nontrivial torsors
Authors: Hayama Tatsuki
Published: July 2016

In this paper, we determine when a natural torsor arising in the work of Kato and Usui on partial compactification of period domains of pure Hodge structure is trivial, and we give an application to cycle spaces.
Geometry of Group Representations
Authors: Robinson G. De B.
Published: July 2016

The many unanswerable questions (1) which arise in the study of finite groups have lead to a review of fundamental ideas, e.g. the Theorem of Burnside (3, p. 299; 2, 6) that if λ be any faithful irreducible representation of G over a field K, then every irreducible representation of G over K is contained in some tensor power of λ.
Orthogonal Group Matrices of Hyperoctahedral Groups
Authors: Frame J. S.
Published: July 2016

The hyperoctahedral group Gn of order 2nn! is generated by permutations and sign changes applied to n digits, d = 1, 2,…, n. The 2n sign changes generate a normal subgroup ∑n whose factor group Gn/∑n is isomorphic with the symmetric group Sn of order n!. To each irreducible orthogonal representation ‹X; μ› of Gn corresponds an ordered pair of partitions [λ] of l and [μ] of m, where l+m = n.
On some Properties of Prime Factors of Integers
Authors: Erdös P.
Published: July 2016

Let A well known theorem of Hardy and Ramanujan states: v(n) = (1 = 0(1))log log n holds for all n if we neglect a sequence of density 0 [5]. Define for 2 ≤j≤v(n)
Completely Faithful Modules and Self-Injective Rings
Authors: Azumaya Goro
Published: July 2016

A left module over a ring Λ is called completely faithful if Λ is a sum of those left ideals which are homomorphic images of M. The notion was first introduced by Morita [9], and he proved, among others, the following theorem which plays a basic role in his theory of category-isomorphisms: if a Λ-module M is completely faithful, then M is finitely generated and projective with respect to the endomorphism ring Γ of M and Λ coincides with the endomorphism ring of Λ-module M.
Higher Derivations and Central Simple Algebras
Authors: Roy A. , Sridharan R.
Published: July 2016

Let K be a commutative ring, A a K-algebra, and B a K-subalgebra of A. The object of this paper is to prove some results on higher derivations (in the sense of Jacobson [4]) of B into A. In § 1 we introduce a notion of equivalence among higher derivations. With this notion of equivalence, we prove in § 2 (Theorem 1) that the equivalence classes of higher K-derivations of B into A are in one-one correspondence with the isomorphism classes of certain filtered B ⊗ KA°-modules, where A° denotes the opposite algebra of A.
On certain mean values of the double zeta-function
Authors: Ikeda Soichi , Matsuoka Kaneaki , Nagata Yoshikazu
Published: July 2016

In this article we discuss three types of mean values of the Euler double zeta-function. To get the results, we introduce three approximate formulas for this function.
Quantum reconstruction for Fano bundles on projective space
Authors: Strangeway Andrew
Published: July 2016

We present a reconstruction theorem for Fano vector bundles on projective space which recovers the small quantum cohomology for the projectivization of the bundle from a small number of low-degree Gromov-Witten invariants. We provide an extended example in which we calculate the quantum cohomology of a certain Fano 9-fold and deduce from this, using the quantum Lefschetz theorem, the quantum period sequence for a Fano 3-fold of Picard rank 2 and degree 24. This example is new, and is important for the Fanosearch program.
Rational points on linear slices of diagonal hypersurfaces
Authors: Brüdern Jörg , Robert Olivier
Published: July 2016

An asymptotic formula is obtained for the number of rational points of bounded height on the class of varieties described in the title line. The formula is proved via the Hardy-Littlewood method, and along the way we establish two new results on Weyl sums that are of some independent interest.
Generalized friezes and a modified Caldero–Chapoton map depending on a rigid object
Authors: Holm Thorsten , Jørgensen Peter
Published: July 2016

The (usual) Caldero–Chapoton map is a map from the set of objects of a category to a Laurent polynomial ring over the integers. In the case of a cluster category, it mapsreachableindecomposable objects to the corresponding cluster variables in a cluster algebra. This formalizes the idea that the cluster category is acategorificationof the cluster algebra. The definition of the Caldero–Chapoton map requires the category to be 2-Calabi-Yau, and the map depends on a cluster-tilting object in the category. We study a modified version of the Caldero–Chapoton map which requires only that the category have a Serre functor and depends only on a rigid object in the category. It is well known that the usual Caldero–Chapoton map gives rise to so-calledfriezes, for instance, Conway–Coxeter friezes. We show that the modified Caldero–Chapoton map gives rise to what we callgeneralized friezesand that, for cluster categories of Dynkin typeA, it recovers the generalized friezes introduced by combinatorial means in recent work by the authors and Bessenrodt.
Decay estimates for solutions of nonlocal semilinear equations
Authors: Cappiello Marco , Gramchev Todor , Rodino Luigi
Published: July 2016

We investigate the decay for |x|→∞ of weak Sobolev-type solutions of semilinear nonlocal equationsPu = F(u).We consider the case whenP = p(D)is an elliptic Fourier multiplier with polyhomogeneous symbolp(ξ), and we derive algebraic decay estimates in terms of weighted Sobolev norms. Our basic example is the celebrated Benjamin–Ono equation

for internal solitary waves of deep stratified fluids. Their profile presents algebraic decay, in strong contrast with the exponential decay for KdV shallow water waves.
Logarithmic abelian varieties, Part IV: Proper models
Authors: Kajiwara Takeshi , Kato Kazuya , Nakayama Chikara
Published: July 2016

This is part IV of our series of articles on log abelian varieties. In this part, we study the algebraic theory of proper models of log abelian varieties.
On modules of finite projective dimension
Authors: Dutta S. P.
Published: July 2016

We address two aspects of finitely generated modules of finite projective dimension over local rings and their connection in between: embeddability and grade of order ideals of minimal generators of syzygies. We provide a solution of the embeddability problem and prove important reductions and special cases of the order ideal conjecture. In particular, we derive that, in any local ringRof mixed characteristicp> 0, wherepis a nonzero divisor, ifIis an ideal of finite projective dimension overRandp𝜖Iorpis a nonzero divisor onR/I, then every minimal generator ofIis a nonzero divisor. Hence, ifPis a prime ideal of finite projective dimension in a local ringR, then every minimal generator ofPis a nonzero divisor inR.
Remarks on free mutual information and orbital free entropy
Authors: Izumi Masaki , Ueda Yoshimichi
Published: July 2016

The present notes provide a proof ofi* (ℂP + ℂ(I - P); ℂQ + ℂ(I - Q))= – χorb(P,Q) foranypair of projectionsP,Qwithτ(P) = τ(Q) = 1/2. The proof includes new extra observations, such as a subordination result in terms of Loewner equations. A study of the general case is also given.
A global estimate for the Diederich-Fornaess index of weakly pseudoconvex domains
Authors: Adachi Masanori , Brinkschulte Judith
Published: July 2016

A uniform upper bound for the Diederich-Fornaess index is given for weakly pseudoconvex domains whose Levi form of the boundary vanishes inl-directions everywhere.
Application and simplified proof of a sharp L2 extension theorem
Authors: Ohsawa Takeo
Published: July 2016

As an application of a sharpL2extension theorem for holomorphic functions in Guan and Zhou, a stability theorem for the boundary asymptotics of the Bergman kernel is proved. An alternate proof of the extension theorem is given, too. It is a simplified proof in the sense that it is free from ordinary differential equations.
Stochastic calculus over symmetric Markov processes with time reversal
Authors: Kuwae K.
Published: July 2016

We develop stochastic calculus for symmetric Markov processes in terms of time reversal operators. For this, we introduce the notion of the progressively additive functional in the strong sense with time-reversible defining sets. Most additive functionals can be regarded as such functionals. We obtain a refined formula between stochastic integrals by martingale additive functionals and those by Nakao's divergence-like continuous additive functionals of zero energy. As an application, we give a stochastic characterization of harmonic functions on a domain with respect to the infinitesimal generator of semigroup on L2-space obtained by lower-order perturbations.
Can corrective feedback on second language speech perception errors affect production accuracy?
Authors: LEE ANDREW H. , LYSTER ROY
Published: July 2016

This study investigated whether different types of corrective feedback (CF) in second language speech perception training have differential effects on second language speech production. One hundred Korean learners of English were assigned to five different groups and participated in eight computer-assisted perception training sessions focusing on English vowels. While no CF was provided to the control group, participants in the four treatment groups received one of three types of auditory CF or a visual type of CF. A pretest, an immediate posttest, and a delayed posttest each consisted of a production measurement at a controlled-speech level. Results revealed that the extent to which the participants’ production accuracy benefited from the perception training depended on CF type. In addition, by adopting the perception accuracy data by Lee and Lyster (2016b), the current study found that improvement in perception accuracy was a significant predictor of improvement in production accuracy.
Metalinguistic awareness in bilingual children's word reading: A cross-lagged panel study on cross-linguistic transfer facilitation
Authors: ZHANG DONGBO , CHIN CHERN-FAR , LI LI
Published: July 2016

This longitudinal study examined metalinguistic awareness in bilingual word reading development among Malay–English bilingual children in Singapore. Participants were assessed with the same tasks twice with a 1-year interval from Grade 3 to Grade 4 in phonological and morphological awareness and derived word decoding in both English and Malay. Structural equation modeling analyses revealed that both types of metalinguistic awareness significantly predicted derived word reading in both languages. Subsequent cross-lagged panel modeling found construct-level transfer facilitation effect from Malay on English for phonological awareness but conversely from English on Malay for morphological awareness. Neither type of metalinguistic awareness exerted a transfer facilitation effect on word reading. These findings shed light on the developmental mechanism of cross-linguistic transfer in biliteracy acquisition.
Animal welfare: the five freedoms and the free market
Authors: Webster A. J. F.
Published: July 2016

In a free market economy the consumer and not the producer usually dictates the product and the means of production. Meat production however involves, as a third party, the animals themselves whose rights are not protected by the free market. To ensure and improve the welfare of farm animals it is necessary first to define and analyse the factors that contribute to an animal's sense of health and well-being. The first stage of analysis can be embraced by the five freedoms which define standards of nutrition, comfort, health, security and normal behaviour. Right action to ensure the five freedoms requires research, legislation and education. This paper suggests reasons why the contribution of research and legislation to improved welfare has, so far, been small. It further suggests that proposed future legislation may be too crude an instrument to ensure improvements in something so complex as an animal's perception of the world. The most promising approach is to educate the consumer towards an understanding of animal production that is more in tune with reality and less susceptible to imagery, be it the false ‘farm fresh’ image of the producers or the ‘factory’ image of the anti-farming lobby. My simple plea is for honesty in animal production, an honesty that recognizes the realities of pain and death but which allows both the farmer and his animals to live with dignity.
Controlling reproduction in sheep
Authors: Haresign W.
Published: July 2016

Intravaginal progestagen pessaries + pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) for controlling the oestrous cycle and for inducing out-of-season breeding have been commercially available for many years. However, extremely good mating management is required if acceptable results are to be achieved. More recently the role of the pineal hormone, melatonin, in the regulation of seasonal breeding has been recognized, and this has led to the development of slow-release formulations for use under farm conditions. Early indications are that such preparations can advance the breeding season by about 4 to 6 weeks, with lambing percentages in early (January) lambing flocks comparable with those of traditional (March) lambing flocks.

Recent developments in the use of laparoscopy as an aid to intrauterine insemination and multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET) should play a major role in breed improvement. Intrauterine insemination can markedly improve conception rates following the use of frozen semen compared with the conventional cervical technique, as well as eliminating the incidence of fertilization failure in embryo transfer donors. In addition, laparoscopic collection and transfer of embryos permit repeated collections from the same donor ewes and are much more acceptable than surgical techniques from the welfare point of view.
On functions of bounded variation
Authors: AISTLEITNER CHRISTOPH , PAUSINGER FLORIAN , SVANE ANNE MARIE , TICHY ROBERT F.
Published: July 2016

The recently introduced concept of ${\mathcal D}$-variation unifies previous concepts of variation of multivariate functions. In this paper, we give an affirmative answer to the open question from [20] whether every function of bounded Hardy–Krause variation is Borel measurable and has bounded ${\mathcal D}$-variation. Moreover, we show that the space of functions of bounded ${\mathcal D}$-variation can be turned into a commutative Banach algebra.
Preserving Dignity in Later Life
Authors: São José José Manuel
Published: July 2016

Cet article examine comment les personnes âgées qui recoivent l’aide sociale dans la communauté subissent une perte de la dignité et comment ils conservent leur dignité. La recherche qualitative a révélé que la perte de dignité est une préoccupation majeure pour ces aînés, et qu’ils conservent leur dignité de differentes manières, variant de s’engager activement à la vie jusqu’à s’en détacher. Nous concluons que, dans la vie plus tard, la préservation de la dignité tout en recevant dessoins sociauxdiffère de conserver la dignité dans le contexte dessoins de sante, en particulier les soins de santé fournis dans un cadre institutionnel. En outre, conserver la dignité en fin de vie, tout en recevant des soins sociaux, est un processus complexe, qui dépend non seulement de l’exécution des activités et la prise des actions individuelles et de leurs responsabilités, mais aussi d’autres actions, dont certaines impliquent une certaine inactivité/passivité, ainsi qu’interagir avec les autres, surtout les soignants. Cet article propose meilleures politiques et pratiques pour la promotion de la dignité des personnes âgeés dans le contexte de la protection sociale à base communautaire.
Urogenital dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Vodušek David B.
Published: July 2016

The occurrence of urogenital dysfunction as an isolated early symptom in multiple sclerosis (MS) is rare, but the prevalence thereof becomes high with progression of disease. Lower urinary tract dysfunction may add to the cause of death (particularly through urinary infections), but both urinary and sexual dysfunction significantly affect quality of life of patients.

Both storage and evacuation of urine may be affected by MS, and ultimatively the functional diagnosis can only be made by urodynamic testing. As upper urinary tract affection is, however, rare (and can be prevented by timely ultrasound imaging), a first stage diagnostics in the MS center by the neurologist and specialized nurse is appropriate. History, urine tests and post void residual urine determination (preferably by ultrasound) should provide necessary data for treatment of infections, and also symptomatic management of frequency, urgency and incontinence by bladder training, anticholinergics, and intermittent self catheterization (as indicated); the referral to urologist may be reserved for patients who fail first line treatment. Treatment in the late stages of MS is as yet little researched, but eventually a suprapubic catheter is the preferred method of bladder emptying. Sexual dysfunction should be actively sought in MS patients (in men erectile and ejaculation dysfunction, in women deficient lubrication and genital hyper- or hyposensitivity are frequent). Clinical examination contributes little to clarification of neurogenic sexual dysfunction, but defines the extent of other deficits due to MS, which may be relevant for sexual counseling (spasticity, sensory loss). Sildenafil has been demonstrated to be effective in treatment of men, but not in women. Other management options exist, and the doctor and nurse in the MS center should be proactive in providing first line counseling and management.
Immunotherapy of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Meuth Sven G. , Bittner Stefan , Wiendl Heinz
Published: July 2016

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is regarded as a prototypic inflammatory autoimmune central nervous system disorder causing neurological disability in young adults. Recommended basic immunomodulatory therapies of MS are currently interferon beta and glatiramer acetate. Both have proven to be clinically and paraclinically effective and clinical evidence suggests that treatment should be initiated as early as possible.

However, despite the fact that therapeutic options for MS have significantly been widened over the past decade there is still tremendous activity in the search for new treatment options for MS.

One important development in the field is reflected by the substantial number of promising results for oral therapies. Various phase III clinical trials are currently being initiated or are already underway evaluating the efficacy of a variety of orally administered agents, including cladribine, teriflunomide, laquinimod, fingolimod and fumaric acid. It is hoped that these oral therapies for MS further broaden our armament for MS therapy.
Changes in immune and endocrine systems in posttraumatic stress disorder – prospective study
Authors: Vidović Anđelko , Vilibić Maja , Sabioncello Ante , Gotovac Katja , Rabatić Sabina , Folnegović-Šmalc Vera , Dekaris Dragan
Published: July 2016

Introduction and aim:Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with increased medical morbidity, particularly from the autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases. Changes in the endocrine and immune system are key mediators in this process. The aim of our study was to investigate weather hormones (cortisol and prolactin), proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)), components of HPA-axis (lymphocyte expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR)), immune function (natural killer cell cytotoxicity) and peripheral blood percentages of various lymphocyte subpopulations (T cells, helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, B cells and natural killer cells) change in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder over time.
Slowly progressive aphasia as the presenting symptom of dementing disorders
Authors: Wils V. , Godderis J.
Published: July 2016

Slowly progressive aphasia is an uncommon presenting symptom of a degenerative neurological disorder which in most cases eventually leads to a global dementia. The early recognition of this syndrome is sometimes hampered by the presence of accompanying or pre-existing psychiatric symptomatology. This is illustrated by two case reports. After a brief reflection on the nosological status of the disorder, the clinical picture and diagnosis are discussed.
Accuracy of register- and record-based bipolar I disorder diagnoses in Finland; a study of twins
Authors: Kieseppä T. , Partonen T. , Kaprio J. , Lönnqvist J.
Published: July 2016

Registers have been widely used in schizophrenia studies. For bipolar disorder, the use has been more limited and no studies exist concerning accuracy of bipolar I diagnoses in registers. We have collected an unselected twin sample for a study of bipolar I disorder. We report here the diagnostic procedures and accuracy of bipolar I diagnoses in a nation-wide hospital discharge registry. We evaluated also the accuracy of the medical record-based best-estimate diagnoses, comparing these with the SCID interview diagnoses. From the National Hospital Discharge Register we identified all like-sex twins, born 1940-1957, (N=42), and all like- or opposite-sex twins, born 1961-1969, (N=15), who had at least once a diagnosis of bipolar I disorder. The best-estimate diagnoses based on medical records, and were made by two doctors blind to each other, and according to DSM-IV-criteria. Diag-noses were then confirmed by SCID interviews, with the mi-nimum follow-up time after the first admission being 6 years. The accuracy of bipolar diagnoses in the register was 92% and 87%, accordingly. When comparing the best-estimate diagnoses to SCID interview diagnoses, there was one false positive case in the first sample, 3.4% [95% CI 0.1% to 7.8%], and none in the second sample. Our study shows that a diagnosis of bipolar I disorder in the hospital discharge register, or if based only on medical records, is highly reliable and stable. These results strengthen the usefulness of regis-ters also in bipolar disorder.
Typical and atypical antipsychotics in bipolar disorder
Authors: Licht R.W.
Published: July 2016

Background: In clinical practice, typical antipsychotics are widely used in the treatment of bipolar disorder, albeit in treatment guidelines often considered as adjunctive agents only. Recently, focus has shifted towards the use of atypical antipsychotics. This paper reviews the advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of antipsychotics in bipolar disorder.

Methods: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were selected for review. A few review articles were also cited.

Results: Typical antipsychotics, at least some of them, are powerful antimanics, beneficial for severe agitation in particular. However, in the long term treatment, typical antipsychics may precipitate depression. Among the atypical antipsychotics, both risperidone and olanzapine are clearly antimanic alternatives, although olanzapine is the best studied. Clozapine seems to be useful when other treatments fail to work.

Conclusions: Antipsychotics are beneficial for some clinical presentations of mania. To minimize side effets, atypical agents should be preferred before typical agents, unless parenteral administration is needed. Despite the lack of RCTs, antipsychotics also seem to be useful as adjunctive agents in the treatment of psychotic bipolar depression. For the long term treatment of bipolar disorder, typical antipsychotics should be used only under certain circumstances. The place of atypical antipsychotics in the long term treatment of bipolar disorder remains to be studied.
Predicting medication non-adherence in severe affective disorders
Authors: Scott J.
Published: July 2016

Objective This study explored the utility of the Health Belief Models (HBM) in explaining medication adherence in subjects with severe affective disorders.

Method Well established measuring instruments, with confirmed reliability and validity, were used to assess each component of two HBMs and adherence with mood stabilising medication in 104 subjects with bipolar (n=82), unipolar (n=18) or schizo-affective (n=4) disorders.

Results Highly adherent and partially adherent subjects differed significantly in the stability of the level and the overall serum level of drug acheived. Subject's beliefs about themselves and their illness and their control over the disorder were more important than side-effects in predicting medication adherence. There were marked differences in the primary reasons for non-adherence identified by patients and their clinicians.

Conclusion Although the study has a number of methodological limitations, the results suggest that clinical assessment of components of HBMs may improve the detection of patients at risk of non-adherence with mood stabilising medication.
Bipolar disorder in children and adolecents: a clinical reality?
Authors: Reichart C.G. , Nolen W.A. , Wals M. , Hillegers M.H.J.
Published: July 2016

The appearance, the differential diagnosis and the prevalence of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents is discussed. Among adolescents bipolar disorder appears to have a similar prevalence in the US and The Netherlands. However, among children it is frequently diagnosed in the US and hardly in The Netherlands. It is concluded that bipolar disorder tends to start earlier in the US than in the Netherlands. It is hypothesized that this may be related to a higher use of stimulants and antidepressants by US children diagnosed as ADHD or depression, respectively.
Circadian regulation of sleep propensity, sleep structure and alertness: A symphony of paradoxes
Authors: Dijk D.J.
Published: July 2016

The adult human typically exhibits a monophasic sleep-wake cycle, i.e., remains awake and alert for approximately 16 hours and then sleeps for 8 hours. Recent experiments have provided new insights in the role of the endogenous circadian pacemaker in this consolidation of sleep and wakefulness.

Sleep deprivation studies had shown previously that sleepiness and alertness are co-determined by a process which keeps track of the history of sleep and wakefulness and the circadian pacemaker, which keeps track of time. During every day life and during sleep deprivation both processes change simultaneously and their relative contribution to alertness and sleep propensity cannot be assessed under these conditions.
XVII. Memoir on Bundelkhund
Authors: Franklin James
Published: July 2016

Bundélkhund, as its name implies, is the tract or country of the Bundélas; and comprises all the territory, which the Rájás of that dynasty occupied, in the zenith of their power. Thus, the aggregate of the present states of Téhrí, Jhánsí, Dattiya and Simpt'hír and as far as the Désán river, might be termed Bundelkhund Proper: but, the tract lying eastward of that river being also under the dominion of Rájás of Bundela extraction, who are the descendants of Rájá CHHATRASÁL, custom appears to have reconciled the term as applicable to the whole extent of territory occupied by the united dynasties. Following this rule, therefore, the boundaries of Bundelkhund may be stated as follows:—on the north, the river Jumna (Yamuná); on the south, parts of Berár and Málwá (Málava); on the east, Baghé1khund; and on the west, Sindia's possessions. It extends from 77° 48′ to 81° 33′ east longitude; and from 24° 3′ to 26° 26′ north latitude, being 165 British miles in length by 232 in breadth, and containing 23,817 square miles, with a population of 2,400,000 persons.
XXIII. On the Sráwacs or Jains
Authors: Delamaine James
Published: July 2016

From what I can collect regarding the Sráwacs, or laity of the Jains, they appear to be the only considerable remnant in India of the earlier Jains, or Arhatas. They follow principally the trade of Banyas, dealing in grain; and as Sráwac Banyas, necessarily adhere to the Jain laws: but as their particular calling seems to have required rules for their guidance, much of the twelve vratas refers to their commercial transactions, as connected with moral duties. I do not think these vratas formed a part of the older Jain institutes at all; nor could such a code be brought to apply to any except the subordinate tribes, it being quite unsuitable to any purpose of government.
XII.—I. Papers connected with a Latin Acrostic Inscription engraved on a Stone brought from the Great Temple at Kalabshe in Nubia
Authors: Rainier Peter
Published: July 2016

I have now the pleasure to forward to you an extract from the private journal of my brother-in-law, Captain Peter Rainier, C.B., of the Royal Navy, giving all the information in his possession respecting the stone discovered by him in the great temple at Kalabshe in Nubia, having a Latin acrostic inscription cut on it, of which the accompanying is an exact copy.
XXVIII. Remarks on the Identity of the Personal Ornaments sculptured on some Figures in the Budd'ha Cave Temples at Carli, with those worn by the Brinjaris
Authors: Sykes William Henry
Published: July 2016

I am induced to offer to the Society a sketch of the personal ornaments on the alto-relievo figures, male and female, in the Budd'ha cave temple of Carli, from having remarked an apparent identity in the majority of the sculptured ornaments, with those worn by that remarkable, erratic, carrying and armed, but essentially pastoral people, the Brinjaris; a people whose origin and history admit of further development. My acquaintance with the Brinjaris is too limited to justify me in advancing any opinion on a community of taste between them and the ancient Budd'has, and although such community, if existing in the constitution of European society, would not excite attention, it will be considered, at least, curious in India, where the classes of society are not less marked by caste than by habits of life, opinions, dress, and personal ornaments.
XXXVI. Copy of a Letter from Sir Grenville Temple, Bart., to Lieut.-General Benjamin Forbes, M.R.A.S., relative to a Phænician Tombstone found at Maghráwah in Tunis, and presented to the Royal Asiatic Society
Authors: Temple Grenville
Published: July 2016

The sepulchral stone with the Phænician inscription, I found at Maghráwah, a little village in the Beylik of Tunis, situated on the northern declivity of the range of hills, which separates Muhadhar-al-Hammaáah Walád Ayár, the ancient Tucca Terebenthina, from the plain of Zirrz inhabited by the Bení Riss, a branch of Dthrídis, and on which are seen the ruins of Assura, now called Zanfür. I feel inclined to imagine that Maghráwah occupies the situation of one of those Libyo-Phœnician towns or villages which were never colonized by the Romans; for though we find several fragments of coarsely-executed basreliefs representing men and animals, evidently of a date anterior to the epoch when sculpture attained any degree of perfection, yet I saw not a single vestige of the workmanship either of the later Carthaginians or of their conquerors. Not the smallest fragment of either capital, frieze, or cornice is descernible. About an hour and a-half's distance from Maghráwah, in the direction of Zanfúr, is the small village of Lheys, where are found similar remains, mixed however with fragments of Roman inscriptions and sculpture.
Late outcomes in children with Shone’s complex: a single-centre, 20-year experience
Authors: Nicholson George T. , Kelleman Michael S. , De la Uz Caridad M. , Pignatelli Ricardo H. , Ayres Nancy A. , Petit Christopher J.
Published: July 2016

Objective

Shone’s syndrome is a complex consisting of mitral valve stenosis in addition to left ventricle outflow obstruction. There are a few studies evaluating the long-term outcomes in this population. We sought to determine the long-term outcomes in our paediatric population with Shone’s syndrome and the factors associated with left heart growth.

Methods

All patients diagnosed with Shone’s syndrome with biventricular circulation treated between 1978 and 2010 were reviewed. Baseline echocardiograms and data from catheterisations were also reviewed. Number of interventions (surgical+transcatheter), incidence of mitral valve replacement, and incidence of heart transplantation were tracked. Survival of the population and left heart structural growth were also reviewed.

Results

A total of 121 patients with Shone’s syndrome presented at a median age of 28 days (0–17.3 years) and were followed-up for 7.2 years (0.01–35.5 years). These patients underwent 258 interventions during the study period, and the presence of coarctation was associated with repeat left heart interventions. The 10-year, transplant-free survival was 86%. Presence of pulmonary hypertension was associated with mortality. Left heart structural growth was seen for mitral and aortic valve annuli and left ventricular end-diastolic dimension over time.

Conclusions

Shone’s syndrome patients undergo a number of left heart interventions. Coarctation of the aorta is associated with an increased likelihood for repeat interventions. Survival appears to be more favourable than expected. Significant left heart growth will occur in the population. Pulmonary hypertension is associated with an increased risk of mortality.
Characteristics of patients with advanced lung cancer referred to a rapid-access supportive care clinic
Authors: Yennurajalingam Sriram , Lu Zhanni , Williams Janet L. , Liu Diane D. , Arthur Joseph Anthony , Bruera Eduardo
Published: July 2016

Objective:

There is a limited number of pragmatic studies to evaluate the criteria for referral to outpatient palliative care. The aim of our study was to compare the characteristics, symptoms, and survival of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) referred (RF) versus not referred (NRF) to a novel embedded same-day rapid-access supportive care clinic (RASCC) and to compare the subgroups among referred patients.

Method:

We reviewed the medical records of all patients who received treatment at the thoracic oncology clinic for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer between August 1, 2012, and June 30, 2013, who were referred to the RASCC and those who were not referred. An oncology-estimated prognosis of ≤6 months and/or severe symptom distress was employed as criteria for referral to the RASCC.

Results:

Of 410 eligible patients, 155 (37.8%) were referred to the RASCC. RF patients had significantly higher patient-reported scores for pain, fatigue, lack of appetite, and symptom distress, as well as worse performance status and shorter survival than NRF patients. Among the RF patients, those who were referred early (≤3 months) had significantly worse symptom distress and shorter overall survival than patients who were referred later on. The patients treated by thoracic oncologists who referred a smaller proportion of their patients to the RASCC had significantly worse anxiety, well-being, spiritual pain, and symptom distress than patients treated by those who referred a larger proportion of their patients to the RASCC.

Significance of Results:

We found that patients who were referred to the RASCC had higher reported symptom distress and worse survival ratings. Further studies are needed to evaluate the optimal criteria for timely integration of palliative care and oncology care.
Rehearsal Letters, Rhythmic Modes and Structural Issues in Beethoven’s Grosse Fuge
Authors: Cooper Barry
Published: July 2016

Beethoven’s Grosse Fuge, published in 1827 after being detached from his string quartet Op. 130, appears to be the first work ever to have been allocated rehearsal letters. These were added by Beethoven’s friend Karl Holz at the request of the composer and his publisher Mathias Artaria. The rehearsal letters can be compared with the work’s structure, which is best perceived as dividing into three main ‘movements’, the third being much the longest. A different approach is necessary for analysing each of the three. In the first, reference to medieval rhythmic modes helps to clarify Beethoven’s procedure. The second is essentially a fugue, albeit unusually homophonic. The third is multi-partite but mainly in
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, and includes a 32-bar theme that returns intact – the only substantial exact reprise of material. This movement also include two fugal expositions. Thus there are four full fugal expositions altogether, and each is a double fugue in which the exposition is more or less regular. Holz’s letters match up well but not perfectly with the structure of the work.
Perennial cereal crops: An initial evaluation of wheat derivatives grown in mixtures with a regenerating annual legume
Authors: Hayes Richard C. , Newell Matthew T. , Crews Timothy E. , Peoples Mark B.
Published: July 2016

A field experiment was established to test the impact on crop yield, total productivity and biological di-nitrogen (N2) fixation of a self-regenerating annual legume, subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.), grown in mixtures with experimental perennial wheat lines. Legume content was altered in one intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & Dewey) and two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) × wheatgrass (Th. spp.) hybrid-based stands by sowing the legume in the same drill row as the perennial crop, or in every second or third row, spatially separated from the perennial crop. The hybrid perennial crops were more vigorous than intermediate wheatgrass in year 1, competing strongly and reducing legume biomass over the 2 yr period leading to reduced inputs of fixed nitrogen (N). However, both hybrid crops declined to negligible levels following the first summer with only the intermediate wheatgrass persisting in adequate densities in year 2. Spatially separating the perennial crop from the legume in alternate drill rows increased legume biomass by 32–128% and clover regeneration by 31–195%, and reduced weed incursion by up to 47% compared with where it was sown in mixed rows. However, spatial separation more than halved grain yields in year 2 compared with where the perennial crop was grown in every drill row. This likely reflected changed competition dynamics where the modified spatial configurations at sowing limited the perennial crops’ access to resources. When estimates of the total inputs of fixed N from the clover (5–165 kg N ha−1 in year 2) were compared with the amounts of N removed in grain by the different perennial wheat treatments (10–55 kg N ha−1 in year 1), it appears feasible that a companion legume could fix sufficient N to maintain the N balance of a cropping system producing 1.5–2.0 t grain ha−1 each year. The inclusion of a legume increased total above-ground biomass by up to 142%, particularly in year 2, but this did not translate into increased grain yields. It seems unlikely that a self-regenerating annual legume will be able to effectively coexist among a dense perennial wheat canopy where both species are sown in the same drill row. Further research is required to develop strategies to channel more of the additional resources apparently accessed by the companion legume into grain production.
Remarks on a Problem in Life Contingencies
Authors: Gray Peter
Published: July 2016

The following problem, which has actually occurred in practice, presents several points of interest. It is hoped, therefore, that it may be found worthy of the attention of the Members of the Institute :–

A Survivorship Annuity of £100, payable half-yearly, till death, on (26) after (32), is to be paid for by an annual premium, returnable if (26) die before (32). Required the annual premium, which shall give to the grantor a profit of 15 per cent. ; the rates of mortality and interest assumed as those which will actually obtain, being Carlisle, 4%

The benefitto be paid for consists of two parts—first, the annuity, and secondly, the return of premium. The values of these are to be found separately.
On the Construction of Survivorship Assurance Tables
Authors: Gray Peter
Published: July 2016

In a Postscript to the introductory matter of the Assurance and Annuity Tables, compiled and published by Messrs. Smith, Orchard, and myself in April, 1851 (and which Postscript was written by me), it is stated that I had “devised a new table, which, while answering all, and more than all, the purposes of Tables V. and VI. [which show the single and annual premiums for a survivorship assurance of £1 for every combination of two ages], by means of a single value for each pair of ages, and thus occupying little more space than one of them, would also be very much less laborious in its construction than the former of those tables. The new tables would, in fact, consist of series of columns supplementary to Mr. Jones's Commutation Tables for Two Lives, and possessing all the properties, mutatis mutandis, with respect to the formation of temporary and deferred, as well as present, whole life benefits and payments, that give to tables of the form of those mentioned their great value.”
A genetic cell context-dependent role for ZEB1 in lung cancer
Authors: Zhang Ting , Guo Lixia , Creighton Chad J. , Lu Qiang , Gibbons Don L. , Yi Eunhee S. , Deng Bo , Molina Julian R. , Sun Zhifu , Yang Ping , Yang Yanan
Published: July 2016

The Zinc-finger E-box-binding Homeobox-1 (ZEB1) is a transcription factor that promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and acts as an oncogene inKRAS-mutated lung cancer models. Here we report that ZEB1 exerts the opposite effect inEGFR-mutated lung cancer cells, where it suppresses growth by increasing microRNA-200 targets to antagonize ERBB3, a driver of mutantEGFR-dependent cell growth. Among these targets, NOTCH1 repressesERBB3promoter activity and the expression of ERBB3. Furthermore, we find that EGFR inhibitor treatment, which inhibits the growth ofEGFR-mutated cells, induces ZEB1. Despite its growth-inhibiting effect, EGFR inhibitor-induced ZEB1 strongly promotes EMT-dependent resistance to EGFR inhibitors partially through NOTCH1, suggesting a multifunctional role for NOTCH1 inEGFR-mutated cells. These results support a previously unrecognized genetic cell context-dependent role for ZEB1 and suggest that NOTCH1 may be a useful target for treating resistance to EGFR inhibitors, especially EMT-driven resistance.
A major secretory defect of tumour-infiltrating T lymphocytes due to galectin impairing LFA-1-mediated synapse completion
Authors: Petit Anne-Elisabeth , Demotte Nathalie , Scheid Benoît , Wildmann Claude , Bigirimana René , Gordon-Alonso Monica , Carrasco Javier , Valitutti Salvatore , Godelaine Danièle , van der Bruggen Pierre
Published: July 2016

Surface galectin has been shown to contribute to dysfunctions of human tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). We show here that galectin-covered CD8 TILs produce normal amounts of intracellular cytokines, but fail to secrete them because of defective actin rearrangements at the synapse. The non-secreting TILs also display reduced adhesion to their targets, together with defective LFA-1 recruitment and activation at the synapse. These defects are relieved by releasing surface galectin. As mild LFA-1 blockade on normal blood T cells emulate the defects of galectin-covered TILs, we conclude that galectin prevents the formation of a functional secretory synapse by preventing optimal LFA-1 triggering. Our results highlight a major secretory defect of TILs that is not revealed by widely used intracellular cytokine immunomonitoring assays. They also provide additional insights into the T-cell response, by showing that different thresholds of LFA-1 triggering are required to promote the intracellular production of cytokines and their secretion.