bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VARIABILITY OF THE STYLE OF INSTRUMENTAL BEHAVIOR OF OPERATORS DURING REPEATED IMPLEMENTATION OF PROCEDURE «HOMEOSTAT»
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Eskov K.N.
Published: June 2024

We investigated the relationship between the personal instrumental behavior of operators and success of group work on the «Homeostat» procedure. Previously it has been stated that analysis of the efficiency of homeostatic task performance concentrates predominantly on the motor-active activities rather than motor-inactive; obviously eccentric activities, motor-inactive particularly, do not add to the success. Styles of instrumental behavior were distributed into effective and ineffective. Success was boosted or impeded by certain instrumental activities in the process of passing from one task to another. In our investigation all possible combinations were divided into operation positive, negative and indefinite. More often than not, the presence of operation-positive members predisposed a successful task completion and, conversely, the presence of operation-negative members usually prognosticated a less successful completion. These observations point to the relationship between styles of instrumental behavior demonstrated by group members and level of success as a task group. However, for the relationship to be evident, a group should be composed with dominance of either operation-positive or operation-negative members.
EFFECT OF A SERIES OF ROTATIONS ON A SHORT-ARM CENTRIFUGE ON THE ANTI-ORTHOSTATIC REACTIONS OF ARTERIAL HEMODYNAMICS IN HEALTHY HUMANS (LASER DOPPLER FLOWMETRY DATA)
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Fomina G.A. , Salnikov A.V. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Glebova T.M. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Koloteva M.I. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Published: June 2024

Methodology of using a short-arm centrifuge (SAC) as a countermeasure and/or correction of orthostatic disorders will rely on the experimental evidence of the effects produced by various SAC protocols on the antiorthostatic reactions of hemodynamics. The ultimate purpose of the investigations is to develop artificial gravity (AG) protocols for orbital SAC primarily, and also for the needs of healthcare services. The paper presents the results of laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) in a series of 5 SAC rotations (+Gz) with a modified (shortened) protocol. Reduction of rotation to 45 min (vs 60 min in the session of 2022) was favorable to the general tolerance and did not reduce effectiveness. It was established that a series of 5 rotations with gradual duration reduction and alternating g-values (+1.27 and +2.06 Gz) had a stimulating effect on the antiorthostatic reactions of peripheral arterial hemodynamics. This fact was confirmed by comparison of the records during rotations 1 and 5, and the results of passive postural tests as a control. Conceivably, in future it will be necessary to develop a variety of protocols to meet other specific tasks.
MICROFLORA INVESTIGATION IN THE MIM-2 AREA ON THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION BEFORE AND AFTER EXTRAVEHICULAR ACTIVITIES
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Deshevaya Е.А. , Fialkina S.V. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Shubrailova E.V. ,   Central Research Institute for Machine Building, Korolev, Moscow region, Smirnov Yu.I. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Published: June 2024

Microbiological investigations of spacesuits' surfaces before and after extravehicular activities were performed as a part of space experiment TEST. The purpose was to determine the numbers, composition, biochemical properties of isolated microbes, and locations with exceeded bacterial and fungal populations. We identified markers for pathogenicity in spore-forming bacteria and some peculiar features of organic acid production by fungi with different levels of carbohydrates.
OPERATIONAL PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT TO CREWS ON SPACE MISSIONS: HISTORY OF EVOLUTION, STATE-OF-THE-ART, PROSPECTS
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Supolkina N.S. , Yusupova A.K. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Ryumin О.О. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Published: June 2024

Psychological support to the Russian space crews is aimed to provide an optimal ambience for successful work of each cosmonaut throughout a mission. They include assessment of cosmonaut's mental and emotional state, planning and implementing measures against the negative spaceflight factors, and psychological stress reduction. Complication and extension of mission programs pose new requirements to accuracy of the downloaded psychological data. Advanced digital technologies present a way of getting additional information for dynamic psychological diagnostics. At the moment, the psychological support practice is undergoing a revision. The paper summarizes the experience of psychological monitoring of the Soviet and Russian space crews, outlines the processes of psychological support attuning to the new, constantly changing conditions, and possible associated difficulties.
EFFECT OF SHORT-TERM TAIL-SUSPENSION ON THE HYPOTHALAMIC-OVARIAN AXIS IN MICE
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Gorbacheva E.Yu. , Sventitskaya М.А. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Biryukov N.S. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Ogneva I.V. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Published: June 2024

With the increasing number of women-participants in piloted space programs, investigations of spaceflight effects on the female reproductive system are becoming vital. Purpose of the work is to determine thickness of the granulosa cells layer relative to the content of the luteinizing hormone (LH) receptor in antral follicles of the ovary, LH and a relative content of cytoskeletal proteins in the hypophysis of mice following suspension during the estrous cycle. SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting were used to define the relative proteins content. mRNAs were counted using RT-PCR. IHA was performed to measure thickness of the granulosa cells layer in ovarian sections. The results demonstrate an increase in the number of granulosa cells in the antral follicles of mice after 96-hr suspension, as well as in the relative content of the LH receptor and its mRNAs. However, the LH level in the hypophysis did not alter, even though we observed some changes in the content of cytoskeletal proteins, namely, an increase in the actin-binding proteins (alpha actinin 1 and 4) and a decrease in alpha tubulin and its acetylated form suggesting, probably, modification of the intracellular LH transport and release into blood.
CORRECTION OF OXYGEN STARVATION IN EXPERIMENTS WITH ANIMALS WHEN MODELING THE EFFECTS CAUSED BY RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY USING A MULTI-COMPONENT GAS MIXTURE BASED ON A COMBINATION OF INERT GASES
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Soldatov P.E. , Nosovsky А.М. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Tyurin-Kuzmin А.Yu. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Shulaguin Yu.А. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Published: June 2024

Acute respiratory insufficiency (ARI) accompanied with hypoxemia and hypercapnia requires oxygen therapy. The helium-oxygen therapy secures from the undesirable effects of oxygen therapy. Earlier we showed that introduction of argon in a breathing mixture (BM) reduces the effect of hypoxia. Purpose of the work is to test the potentiality of BM containing a combination of inert gases to counteract oxygen starvation in acute ARI-provoking experiments with animals. Fourteen Wistar rats with a body mass of 276 ± 14.6 grams were divided into two groups. An integral noninvasive technology was used for real-time assessment of oxygen transport and consumption in each animal. Both the experiment and control animals breathed a mixture with a low O2 and high CO2 concentration. The control animals received a routine therapy by a hyperoxic mixture containing nitrogen and carbon dioxide. The experimental animals were treated with a hyperoxic mixture containing helium and argon, and carbon dioxide to induce hypercapnia. The results demonstrated reliably that the hyperoxic heluim-argon mixture reduces burden on the external respiration and favors oxygen utilization in tissues; however, this happens at the expense of a greater stress to the cardiovascular system. In contrast, the hyperoxic mixture used in the control stressed the external respiration rather than the cardiac muscle.
PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF NOOCLERIN AND SLAVINORM ON RAT'S CARDIORESPIRATORY FUNCTIONS DURING COLD-WATER IMMERSION
Authors:   I.P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Arokina N.K.
Published: June 2024

Effects of nooclerin (deanol aceglumate) and slavinorm (vascular polypeptide complex) on the breathing and heart rates were compared in Wistar rats in the course of progressive hypothermia. The animals were immersed in water at 9 ± 0.4 °С. The parameters under study were breathing rate (BR), heart rate (HR), rectal temperature (Тr), esophageal temperature (Tes), and arterial saturation (SpO2). In comparison to controls, at the beginning of hypothermia BR in experimental rats was high at lower Tr values. Nooclerin did not change the trend of HR curve dependence on Tr, whereas slavinorm shifted the trend toward high HR values; besides, it more than doubled life duration before the respiratory arrest. This occurred as a result of rats' transition in the state of cold-hypometabolism when the cardiac activity was maintained by slow breathing. The investigation showed that nooclerin and slavinorm are able to preserve the viability of organisms in hypothermic environment. Both drugs enhance and extend the stage of breathing activation at the beginning of cold immersion in the experimental rats in comparison to their controls. Injection of nooclerin and slavinorm mobilizes the defenses of organism and reduces the pathological effects of deep hypothermia.
Circular RNA hsa_circ_0005939 Regulates UHRF1BP1L Expression by
Targeting miR-4693-3p to Promote Colorectal Cancer Progression
Authors: Ge Hua , Yan Yan , Wang Haomin , Bian Jun , Deng Zhilong , Su Xian , Luo Kaiyuan , Bin Jianfeng
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common and fatal cancer in
China. circRNAs are different expressed between tumor and non-tumor tissues, and they are
proved to be correlated with tumorigenesis and cancer progression.

Objective:

We aimed to explore the biological and molecular function of hsa_circ_0005939 in
CRC.

Methods:

We collected and compared ten CRC tissues and four noncancerous tissues and performed
circRNA sequencing. We investigated the hsa_circ_0005939 expression in fresh tissues
from CRC and adjacent tissues by qPCR. Meanwhile, functional roles of hsa_circ_0005939 in
CRC cells were explored by CCK-8, colony formation, wounding healing, cell apoptosis and western
blot assays. RNA-FISH was used to confirm the cellular distribution of hsa_circ_0005939.
Bioinformatic prediction and luciferase reporter assay were used to determine the mechanisms of
hsa_circ_0005939.

Results:

Our results indicated that hsa_circ_0005939 was up-regulated in CRC tissues and cells.
Up-regulation of hsa_circ_0005939 was associated with the occurrence and the number of lymph
node metastasis of CRC. Hsa_circ_0005939 down-regulation inhibited cell proliferation, increased
cell apoptosis and caused G2 phase arrest of CRC cells. Mechanistically, luciferase assay
revealed that hsa_circ_0005939 acts as a molecular sponge for miR-4693-3p and then enhanced
Ubiquitin Like With PHD And Ring Finger Domains 1 binding protein 1 like (UHRF1BP1L) expression.

Conclusion:

Our findings indicated an oncogenic role of hsa_circ_0005939 in CRC, and it enhanced
malignant phenotypes of CRC cells through miR-4693-3p/UHRF1BP1L axis. Our study
may offer promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets for CRC.
Curcumin Nanoparticles-related Non-invasive Tumor Therapy, and Cardiotoxicity Relieve
Authors: Cheng Yuhang , Xu Qian , Yu Miao , Dang Chenwei , Deng Limei , Chen Huijun
Published: June 2024

Non-invasive antitumor therapy can treat tumor patients who cannot tolerate
surgery or are unsuitable. However, tumor resistance to non-invasive antitumor therapy
and cardiotoxicity caused by treatment seriously affect the quality of life and prognosis
of patients. As a kind of polyphenol extracted from herbs, curcumin has many pharmacological
effects, such as anti-inflammation, antioxidation, antitumor, etc. Curcumin plays
the antitumor effect by directly promoting tumor cell death and reducing tumor cells' invasive
ability. Curcumin exerts the therapeutic effect mainly by inhibiting the nuclear
factor-κB (NF-κB) signal pathway, inhibiting the production of cyclooxygenase-2
(COX-2), promoting the expression of caspase-9, and directly inducing reactive oxygen
species (ROS) production in tumor cells. Curcumin nanoparticles can solve curcumin's
shortcomings, such as poor water solubility and high metabolic rate, and can be effectively
used in antitumor therapy. Curcumin nanoparticles can improve the prognosis and
quality of life of tumor patients by using as adjuvants to enhance the sensitivity of tumors
to non-invasive therapy and reduce the side effects, especially cardiotoxicity. In
this paper, we collect and analyze the literature of relevant databases. It is pointed out
that future research on curcumin tends to alleviate the adverse reactions caused by treatment,
which is of more significance to tumor patients.
Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of a Novel Teoptinib Derivative as an Effective Anti-hepatocellular Carcinoma Agent
Authors: Yu Huijuan , Zhang Xiaodong , Li Jiayu , Wang Kaimei , Yin Changjun , Li Xinshu , Li Lianyun , Shao Guang , Jin Shaowen
Published: June 2024

Background & Purpose:

Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is a type of liver cancer known for
its poor prognosis and high mortality. Teoptinib is a highly selective MET inhibitor that has been used in
the treatment of liver cancer. Although good progress has been made in clinical treatment, further improvement
is still needed. In this study, a series of novel Teoptinib derivatives were synthesized and evaluated
as anti-cancer agents for the treatment of liver cancer, and an oral nanodrug delivery system was also
explored.

Methods:

A series of novel Teoptinib derivatives were synthesized, and an oral nanodrug delivery system was
also explored. HPLC, high-resolution mass spectrometer and NMR were used to determine the structure and
molecular formula of the synthesized compounds. Zeta potential assay was used to access the particle size distribution
and zeta potential of the nanoparticles. MTT assay, cell colony formation assay, cell apoptosis inhibition
assay, cell scratch assay, and the MHCC-97H xenograft model of nude mice assay were used to evaluate
the in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor activity of the synthesized compounds.

Results:

Compound (R)-10 showed the best antitumor activity with 0.010 μM of the IC50 value against
MHCC-97H, a human liver cancer cell line with high c-Met expression. The MHCC-97H xenograft model of
nude mice assay showed that nano-prodrug of compound (R)-10 exhibited good in vivo activity with 87.67%
of the TGI at the dosage of 8 mg/kg.

Conclusion:

We designed and synthesized a series of c-Met inhibitors containing different side chains and
chiral centers as anti-liver cancer agents. Among them, compound (R)-10 shows a promising effect as a lead
molecule for further study in the treatment of liver cancer. The successful incorporation of (R)-10 into a novel
oral nanodrug delivery system highlights the importance of effective drug delivery systems for enhanced therapeutic
efficacy.
Elemene Injection Overcomes Paclitaxel Resistance in Breast Cancer through AR/RUNX1 Signal: Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation
Authors: Gu Xidong , Xu Leilai , Fu Yuanyuan , Fan Shuyao , Huang Tianjian , Yu Jiangting , Chen Jiaying , Sui Xinbing , Xie Xiaohong
Published: June 2024

Background:

Paclitaxel (PTX) is a cornerstone chemotherapy for Breast Cancer (BC), yet its impact
is limited by emerging resistance. Elemene Injection (EI) has shown potential in overcoming chemotherapy
resistance. However, the efficacy by which EI restores PTX sensitivity in BC and the implicated molecular
mechanism remain uncharted.

Methods:

Network pharmacology and bioinformatic analysis were conducted to investigate the targets and
mechanisms of EI in overcoming PTX resistance. A paclitaxel-resistant MCF-7 cell line (MCF-7PR) was
established. The efficacy of EI and/or PTX in inhibiting cell viability was evaluated using sulforhodamine B
assay, while cell proliferation was assessed using EdU staining. Furthermore, protein and gene expression analysis
was performed through Western blotting and qPCR.

Results:

The EI containing three active components exhibited a multifaceted impact by targeting an extensive
repertoire of 122 potential molecular targets. By intersecting with 761 differentially expressed genes, we successfully
identified 9 genes that displayed a direct association with resistance to PTX in BC, presenting promising
potential as therapeutic targets for the EI to effectively counteract PTX resistance. Enrichment analysis indicated
a significant correlation between these identified targets and critical biological processes, particularly
DNA damage response and cell cycle regulation. This correlation was further substantiated through meticulous
analysis of single-cell datasets. Molecular docking analysis revealed robust binding affinities between the
active components of the EI and the identified molecular targets. Subsequently, in vitro experiments unequivocally
demonstrated the dose- and time-dependent inhibitory effects of the EI on both PTX-resistant and sensitive
BC cell lines, effectively mitigating the resistance phenotype associated with PTX administration. Furthermore,
our findings have indicated EI to effectively suppress the protein expression levels of AR and RUNX1
in MCF-7 and MCF-7PR cells under PTX treatment, as well as downregulate the mRNA expression levels of
stem-like properties’ markers, KLF4 and OCT4, in these cell lines.

Conclusion:

Elemene Injection (EI) application has exhibited a significant capability to mitigate PTX resistance
in BC, which has been achieved through targeted suppression of the AR/RUNX1 axis, revealing a key
strategy to overcome chemotherapeutic resistance.
The Role of Cuproptosis Key Factor FDX1 in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Zhao Qiqi , Yu Miao , Du Xueqin , Li Yuan , Lv Juantao , Jiang Xianglai , Chen Xiaomei , Wang Anqi , Yang Xiaojun
Published: June 2024

Background:

Gastric cancer is a common malignant tumor of the digestive tract, both
domestically and internationally. It has high incidence and mortality rates, posing a significant
threat to human health. The levels of blood copper are elevated in patients with gastric cancer.
However, the exact relationship between copper overload and the malignant phenotype of gastric
cancer is still unclear. This study aims to investigate the role of the Cuproptosis-related factor
FDX1 in the conversion of gastric cancer to a malignant phenotype.

Methods:

Firstly, the relative mRNA and protein expression levels of FDX1 in gastric cancer
were detected. Secondly, lentiviral transfection of gastric cancer cell lines was performed, and
the effects of FDX1 functional intervention on the proliferation, invasion and migration of gastric
cancer cells were assessed by CCK-8, colony formation, EdU proliferation, cell scratch and
Transwell assays. Thirdly, the differential alteration of genes after overexpression of FDX1 was
also analyzed by transcriptome sequencing. Finally, we assessed the tumour-forming capacity in
vivo by the xenograft model.

Results:

FDX1 is significantly upregulated in gastric cancer. The inhibition of FDX1 function
results in the suppression of malignant phenotypic transformation in gastric cancer cells. Conversely,
overexpression of FDX1 function leads to alterations in tumor-related signaling pathways
and the tumor microenvironment.

Conclusion:

FDX1 plays a significant role in the malignant phenotypic transformation of gastric
cancer cells. Further investigation into the regulatory mechanism of FDX1 in the malignant
transformation of gastric cancer will enhance our understanding of the involvement of Cuproptosis
in gastric cancer.
Recovery of Proteases and Protease Inhibitors from Ganoderma spp. Cultivated in Amazonian Lignocellulose Wastes
Authors: Ramos Chevreuil Larissa , Alves Pessoa Vitor , da Silva Giovanna Lima , dos Santos Gouvea Paula Romenya , do Nascimento Soares Larissa Batista , Sales-Campos Ceci
Published: June 2024

Background:

Ganoderma spp. are a great source of bioactive molecules. The production
and recovery of bioactive molecules vary according to strain, growth substrate, and extraction
solution. Variations in protease and their inhibitors in basidiomata from a commercial strain (G.
lingzhi) and an Amazonian isolate (Ganoderma sp.) cultivated in Amazonian lignocellulosic
wastes and extracted with different solutions are plausible and were investigated in our study.

Methods:

Basidiomata from cultivation in substrates based on açaí seed, guaruba-cedro sawdust
and three lots of marupá sawdust were submitted to extraction in water, Tris-HCl, and sodium
phosphate. Protein content, proteases, and protease inhibitors were estimated through different assays.
The samples were characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
(SDS-PAGE) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance
(FTIR-ATR).

Results:

Tris-HCl provided higher protein extraction from Ganoderma sp. and higher caseinolytic,
gelatinolytic, and fibrinolytic activity for G. lingzhi cultivated in açaí. Water extracts of Ganoderma
sp., in general, exhibited higher trypsin and papain inhibitor activities compared to G.
lingzhi. Extracts in Tris-HCl and sodium phosphate showed more intense protein bands in SDS--
PAGE, highlighting bands of molecular weights around 100, 50, and 30 kDa. FTIR spectra
showed patterns for proteins in all extracts, with variation in transmittance according to substrate
and extractor.

Conclusion:

Water extract from Amazonian Ganoderma sp. cultivated in marupá wastes are
promising as a source of protease inhibitors, while the Tris-HCL extract of G. lingzhi from açaí
cultivation stands out as a source of proteases with fibrinolytic, caseinolytic, and gelatinolytic activities.
CD4+ T-cell Subsets and Cytokine Signature in Pemphigus
Foliaceus Clinical Stratification beyond the th1/Th2 Paradigm
Authors: Raouia Fakhfakh , Mariem Ben Jmaa , Nesrine Elloumi , Meriam Mseddi , Mohany Mohamed , Emna Bahloul , Sellami Khadija , Sawsan Feki , Milošević Marija , Hamida Turki , Hatem Masmoudi , Olfa Abida
Published: June 2024

Background:

T helper interplay and cytokines monitoring in auto-immune
skin disorders such as Pemphigus Foliaceus (PF) may play a central role in predicting
the clinical stratification of the pathology.

Objectives:

In order to assess the CD4+ T cell imbalance, (i) this study aims to assess
the related immune cells (Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cells) as well as the related
cytokines (IL-1β, IFNγ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-
22, TNF-β, and TNFα) in peripheral blood, and [ii] their respective transcription factors
in the lesioned skin of PF endemic patients during the clinical course.

Methods:

Peripheral blood of 22 PF patients was analyzed by flow cytometry to
assess the functional associations of Th cell subpopulations and their characteristic
cytokines by multiplex bead assay of 14-plex cytokines. Skin mRNA expression of their
associated transcription factors was analyzed using the TaqMan detection system.

Results:

Our findings revealed that the CD4+ T cell subtypes in PF patients compared to
Healthy Controls (HC) were characterized by (i) a similar Th1/Th2 ratio and increased
Th17/Treg ratio and (ii) significantly higher plasma levels of Th-17 specific cytokines; IL-
6, IL-8, IL-17A. Higher percentages in Th17 and Treg subtypes and a significant increase
in plasma IL-17F levels were maintained in relapsing PF patients, arguing the pivotal role
of Th17 cells in PF pathogenesis. Furthermore, our findings pointed out the major
contribution of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6. Indeed, in addition to being involved in
the initial stages of disease development, IL-6 seems to also be involved in the
maintenance of the pathophysiological process, probably through its effect on Th17
differentiation. The skin-relative mRNA expression levels of FOXP3 and TBET were
significantly higher in relapsing PF patients compared to de novo PF patients.

Conclusion:

Our results highlight the central role played by Th17 lymphocytes and
their related pro-inflammatory cytokines during the clinical course of the disease,
reversing the Th1/Th2 dichotomy in PF.
An Updated Review on Diabetic Nephropathy: Potential Mechanisms, Biomarkers, Therapeutic Targets and Interventional Therapies
Authors: Nadendla Rama Rao , K. Khairunnisa , Aziz Namra , Pyne Chandana , Panigrahy Uttam Prasad , Wal Pranay , Kulkarni Mrunalini Harish , Rasheed Azhar
Published: June 2024

Background:

Diabetic nephropathy (DN), the primary risk factor for end-stage kidney
disease (ESKD) that requires dialysis or renal transplantation, affects up to 50% of individuals
with diabetes.

Objective:

In this article, potential mechanisms, biomarkers, and possible therapeutic targets will
be discussed, as well as their interventional therapies.

Methods:

A literature review was done from databases like Google Scholar, PUBMEDMEDLINE,
and Scopus using standard keywords “Diabetic Nephropathy,” “Biomarkers,”
“Pathophysiology,” “Cellular Mechanism,” “Cell Therapy,” “Treatment Therapies” from 2010-
2023. It has been studied that metabolic as well as hemodynamic pathways resulting
from hyperglycemia act as mediators for renal disease.

Results:

We identified 270 articles, of which 210 were reviewed in full-text and 90 met the inclusion
criteria. Every therapy regimen for the prevention and treatment of DN must include the
blocking of ANG-II action. By reducing inflammatory and fibrotic markers brought on by hyperglycemia,
an innovative approach to halting the progression of diabetic mellitus (DN) involves
combining sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
system blockers. When compared to taking either medicine alone, this method works better.
AGEs, protein kinase C (PKC), and the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) are among
the components that are inhibited in DN management strategies.

Conclusion:

Thus, it can be concluded that the multifactorial condition of DN needs to be treated
at an early stage. Novel therapies with a combination of cell therapies and diet management are
proven to be effective in the management of DN.
Improving Efficiency of Brain Tumor Classification Models Using Pruning Techniques
Authors: Sivakumar M. , Padmapriya S.T.
Published: June 2024

Background:

This research investigates the impact of pruning on reducing the computational complexity of a five-layered Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)
designed for classifying MRI brain tumors. The study focuses on enhancing the efficiency of the model by removing less important weights and
neurons through pruning.

Objective:

This research aims to analyze the impact of pruning on the computational complexity of a CNN for MRI brain tumor classification, identifying
optimal pruning percentages to balance reduced complexity with acceptable classification performance

Methods:

The proposed CNN model is implemented for the classification of MRI brain tumors. To reduce time complexity, weights and neurons of the
trained model are pruned systematically, ranging from 0 to 99 percent. The corresponding accuracies for each pruning percentage are recorded to
assess the trade-off between model complexity and classification performance.

Results:

The analysis reveals that the model's weights can be pruned up to 70 percent while maintaining acceptable accuracy. Similarly, neurons in the
model can be pruned up to 10 percent without significantly compromising accuracy.

Conclusion:

This research highlights the successful application of pruning techniques to reduce the computational complexity of a CNN model for MRI brain
tumor classification. The findings suggest that judicious pruning of weights and neurons can lead to a significant improvement in inference time
without compromising accuracy.
The Catalysts-Based Synthetic Approaches to Quinolines: A Review
Authors: Tripathi Shrishti , Kumar Rajnish , Mazumder Avijit , Salahuddin  , Kukreti Neelima , Kumar Arvind , Singh Saurabh
Published: June 2024

:

The most common heterocyclic aromatic molecule with potential uses in industry and
medicine is quinoline. Its chemical formula is C9H7N, and it has a distinctive double-ring structure
with a pyridine moiety fused with a benzene ring. Various synthetic approaches synthesize quinoline
derivatives. These approaches include solvent-free synthetic approach, mechanochemistry,
ultrasonic, photolytic synthetic approach, and microwave and catalytic synthetic approaches. One
of the important synthetic approaches is a catalyst-based synthetic approach in which different catalysts
are used such as silver-based catalysts, titanium-based nanoparticle catalysts, new iridium
catalysts, barium-based catalysts, iron-based catalysts, gold-based catalysts, nickel-based catalyst,
some metal-based photocatalyst, α-amylase biocatalyst, by using multifunctional metal-organic
framework-metal nanoparticle tandem catalyst etc. In the present study, we summarized different
catalyst-promoted reactions that have been reported for the synthesis of quinoline. Hopefully, the
study will be helpful for the researchers.
Optimizing Coreopsis tinctoria Flower Extraction and Inhibiting CML Activity: Box-Behnken Design
Authors: Chen Xinmei , Zhou Xinyu , Gao Ya
Published: June 2024

Background:

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is an uncommon type of cancer of the bone
marrow associated with high mortality. Although several effective therapies have been developed to reduce
symptoms in patients with CML, many of these methods are associated with side effects. Coreopsis tinctoria
Nutt. (C. tinctoria) is a natural medicinal material that possesses antioxidant and anticancer activities. Yet, its
effect in treating leukemia has still not been fully explored.

Objective:

To optimize the C. tinctoria flower extraction process and investigate whether these extracts can impair
CML cell survival.

Methods:

The extraction process of C. tinctoria was optimized by the Box-Behnken design response surface
method. K562 cells were treated with different volumes (0, 10, 25, 50, and 100 μL) of C. tinctoria flower extracts.
The effect of C. tinctoria extract on cell morphology and cell apoptosis was assessed by light microscopy,
laser confocal microscopy, and flow cytometry.

Results:

We established the following optimized C. tinctoria flower extraction conditions: temperature of 84.4
°C, extraction period of 10 mins, solid-liquid ratio of 1:65, and times 4. These conditions were applied for C.
tinctoria flower extraction. Pre-incubation of extracts prepared under the aforementioned optimal conditions with
K562 cells induced cell cytotoxicity and cell apoptosis.

Conclusion:

C. tinctoria flower extracts exert obvious anti-leukemia effects in vitro and may be a potential drug
candidate for leukemia treatment.
Understanding COVID-19-related Acute Renal Injury in Elderly Individuals: Preexisting Systemic Inflammation before COVID-19 (SIC)
Authors: Alberto Ruiz-Pacheco Juan , Benjamin Gomez-Navarro , Elizabeth Reyes-Martínez Juana , Alberto Castillo-Díaz Luis , Eliseo Portilla-de Buen
Published: June 2024

In this study, we examined preexisting systemic inflammation before COVID-19
(SIC), as assessed through C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, to gain insights into the origins of
acute kidney injury (AKI) in adults with comorbidities affected by COVID-19. Although aging
is not categorized as a disease, it is characterized by chronic inflammation, and older individuals
typically exhibit higher circulating levels of inflammatory molecules, particularly CRP, compared
to younger individuals. Conversely, elevated CRP concentrations in older adults have
been linked with the development of comorbidities. Simultaneously, these comorbidities contribute
to the production of inflammatory molecules, including CRP. Consequently, older adults
with comorbidities have higher CRP concentrations than their counterparts without comorbidities
or those with fewer comorbidities. Given that CRP levels are correlated with the development
and severity of AKI in non-COVID-19 patients, we hypothesized that individuals with
greater SIC are more likely to develop AKI during SARS-CoV-2 infection than those with less
SIC.
Catalytic Investigation of ε-caprolactone Polymerization through Schiff BaseTitanium (IV) Complexes
Authors: Shukla Satyendra N. , Gaur Pratiksha , Deharia Dimple , Mehrotra Ripul , Mathews Sheela , Chakrvarti Vijay
Published: June 2024

Background:

The ring-opening polymerization (ROP) reaction has provided an efficient and convenient route to prepare polyesters of high molecular weight,
low polydispersity index, and high optical purity. The poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(lactide) (PLA) were prepared through ROP reaction of
ε-caprolactone and D, L-lactide, respectively. These compounds have a huge industrial demand and become an interest among the scientific
community to develop more economically and eco-friendly catalysts for ROP reactions.

Methods:

Three Schiff base ligands, 2-((benzo[d]thiazole-2-ylimino)methyl)phenol, L1; 2-(1-benzo[d]thiazole-2-ylimino)ethyl)phenol, L2; and 2-
((benzo[d]thiazole-2-ylimino)methyl)-5-methoxyphenol, L3; were prepared by the reaction of 2-aminobenzothiazole with 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde,
2-hydroxyacetophenone and 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde in 1:1 molar ratio. In anticipation of interesting stereochemistry, reactivity, and
catalytic potential against ε-caprolactone polymerization, three Titanium(IV) complexes (1 – 3) of these Schiff base ligands were synthesized. All
the prepared compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1H-NMR, 13C{1H}-NMR and FAB-Mass
spectroscopic technique. Geometry was optimized with the help of DFT.

Results:

Complex 3 gives a much higher yield (87.7%) in comparison to 1 and 2. The order of catalytic efficiency for complexes is 3>1>2. With the
increase in temperature, the % yield was found to decrease, and results are in support of moderate to good potency of synthesized catalysts.

Conclusion:

Complexes were screened for catalytic potency against ε-Caprolactone polymerization reaction. A most plausible mechanism for the
polymerization was also proposed.
Private Blockchain-based Efficient Secure Cloud Data Storage Using Federated Learning Framework
Authors: Subramanian Maheswari , Raguru Jaya Krishna , Yesubabu Mannava , V V Satyanarayana Paka , Rao Pappu Srinivasa , Dastagiraiah C.
Published: June 2024

Background:

Some of the new challenges that consumers are confronted with include
safeguarding data and privacy. Data retrieved from the cloud's external sources and the calculations
that follow aren't always accurate. Addressing the risk of adversaries utilizing various exploitation
techniques to compromise transactional data privacy is a basic concern when establishing big private
networks. The profession of criminal investigation is quickly embracing new technologies, and one of
these is blockchain. Every sector, from banking and supply chain management to smart apps and the
Internet of Things (IoT), has been increasingly vulnerable to security threats in recent years.

Methods:

An effective solution to the "data island" problem, federated-learning (FL) has recently
been a hot and broad concern topic. But as FL technology finds more practical uses, training management
gets more complicated, and the trade-off of multi-tasking gets more difficult, due to the
increasing quantity of FL tasks. A privacy-preserving FL framework with multi-tasks using a partitioned
blockchain is proposed in this study to address this shortcoming. The framework may execute
several FL tasks by separate requesters. To start, an FL task force is established to help with
the visualization, organization, and administration of security aggregation.

Result:

In order to safeguard users' privacy and guarantee the accuracy of the global model, the
suggested framework incorporates both Paillier-homomorphic-encryption (PHE) and Pearsoncorrelation-
coefficient (PCC). Lastly, a novel incentive system based on the blockchain is introduced
to encourage individuals to provide their valuable data.

Conclusion:

Our suggested framework achieves a global model accuracy of 99.2% according to
the experimental data. Specifically, in the realm of industrial applications, the suggested framework
is clearly more suited to real-world settings.
Advancing Green Chemistry in Antiviral Therapeutics: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Archana Kanderi , Mani Sumithra
Published: June 2024

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a prevalent virus across the world that belongs to the family
Herpesviridae but remains dormant in the body unless the immune system is compromised. In
addition, when the bacterium is compromised without any health risks, the infection spreads from
one person to another person through body fluids, such as saliva, blood, etc. Ganciclovir is an anti-
viral medication used in treating viral infections, especially in the treatment of CMV in people
with acquired immune deficiency syndrome and immunity at risk. The quality control of ganciclovir
in industries is carried out by using anti-green solvents in large volumes; these solvents are
not safe in consideration of environmental factors and analysts. Also, the waste generation by these
solvents causes hazardous effects on the environment. Further, using 12 green analytical chemistry
principles promotes the awareness of analytical judgments among the research groups. It is a
revolutionary step in the analytical field to enhance the safety of the environment, and analysts,
apart from safety, help to control waste production and conserve energy-reducing occupational
hazards. Many works have been carried out for the quality control of ganciclovir using different
solvents, such as acetonitrile, methanol, etc. Despite this, there are no existing methods with green
solvents or procedures to reduce energy and waste generation. Therefore, the purpose of this review
is to understand the drug profile of ganciclovir and the methods developed.
Swertia chirayita (Roxb.) H. Karst.: A Magnificent Natural Remedy for the
Management of Gastrointestinal Disorders
Authors: Balkrishna Acharya , Singh Shalini , Mishra Shalini , Rana Maneesha , Mishra Rajesh Kumar , Katiyar Prashant , Pandey Shalvi , Chauhan Muskan , Rajput Satyendra Kumar , Arya Vedpriya
Published: June 2024

:

Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders encompassing conditions such as gastritis, peptic ul-cers, and inflammatory bowel disorders are major global health concerns affecting millions worldwide. Conventional treatment options often come with undesirable side effects, prompting the search for alternative therapies. The herb's influence on digestive processes, mucosal protec-tion, and modulation of gut microbiota shed light on maintaining potential GI health. Swertia chirayita (Gentianaceae), commonly known as 'Chirata', is a traditional medicinal herb that has been used for centuries in various cultures for its therapeutic benefits, particularly for GI ailments. Furthermore, this review highlights several scientific studies and clinical trials that support the traditional uses of S. chirayita in treating GI disorders. In conclusion, S. chirayita could be ben-eficial as a natural remedy with promising therapeutic potential for managing GI disorders. How-ever, there are still some scientific gaps, such as the identification of bioactive compounds, the structure-activity relationship, the mechanistic action of isolated bioactive compounds, the de-velopment of effective analytical methods for comprehensive quality control, and safety profiles, that need to be addressed. Understanding its molecular mechanisms and conducting further clin-ical trials will contribute to establishing S. chirayita as a valuable addition to the armamentarium of natural therapies for GI health.
Ginkgo biloba for Tardive Dyskinesia and Plasma MnSOD Activity: Association with MnSOD Ala-9Val Variant: A Randomized, Double-blind Trial
Authors: Wang Dongmei , Tian Yang , Chen Jiajing , Zhu Rongrong , Li Jiaxin , Zhou Huixia , Chen Dachun , Wang Li , Kosten Thomas R. , Zhang Xiang-Yang
Published: June 2024

Background:

Excessive free radicals are implicated in the pathophysiology of tardive dyskinesia (TD), and Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761) scavenges free radicals, thereby enhancing antioxidant enzymes such as mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). This study examined whether EGb761 treatment would improve TD symptoms and increase MnSOD activity, particularly in TD patients with specific MnSOD Val-9Ala genotype.

Methods:

An EGb761 (240 mg/day) 12-week double-blind clinical trial with 157 TD patients was
randomized. The severity of TD was measured by the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS)
and plasma MnSOD activity was assayed before and after 12 weeks of treatment. Further, in an expanded sample, we compared MnSOD activity in 159 TD, 227 non-TD and 280 healthy controls, as
well as the allele frequencies and genotypes for the MnSOD Ala-9Val polymorphism in 352 TD, 486
non-TD and 1150 healthy controls.

Results:

EGb761 significantly reduced TD symptoms and increased MnSOD activity in TD patients
compared to placebo (both p < 0.01). Moreover, we found an interaction between genotype and treatment
response (p < 0.001). Furthermore, in the EGb761 group, patients carrying the Ala allele displayed a significantly lower AIMS total score than patients with the Val/Val genotype. In addition, MnSOD activity
was significantly lower at baseline in TD patients compared with healthy controls or non-TD patients.

Conclusion:

EGb761 treatment enhanced low MnSOD activity in TD patients and produced greater
improvement in TD symptoms in patients with the Ala allele of the MnSOD Ala-9Val polymorphism.
Evaluasi Kesesuaian Lahan dan Jumlah Ternak Terhadap Biodigester untuk Ketahanan dan Kemandirian Pertanian Berkelanjutan
Authors:   Universitas Brawijaya, Ahmad Ary Mustofa , Sugiarto Yusron ,   Universitas Brawijaya, Putra Reza Rienaldy ,   Universitas Brawijaya, Ulinnuha Arini Robbil Izzati ,   Universitas Brawijaya
Published: June 2024

Pertanian berkelanjutan merupakan strategi esensial dalam menjaga keseimbangan ekosistem dan keamanan pangan. Penelitian ini mengkaji integrasi antara penggunaan lahan pertanian dan pemeliharaan ternak dalam rangka pengembangan energi terbarukan melalui teknologi biodigester. Potensi produksi biogas dari limbah kotoran ternak dinilai sangat tinggi. Dengan lahan seluas 7.11 hektar yang terbagi menjadi 2.27 hektar untuk ditanami rumput gajah dan 4.48 hektar untuk ditanami jagung mampu mendukung kebutuhan pakan bagi 11 ekor sapi. Dari limbah kotoran yang dihasilkan diperoleh potensi produksi biogas harian sebesar 2.2 m3. Proses digestifikasi anaerob menggunakan biodigester berkapasitas minimal 4.4 m3 berhasil menghasilkan gas metana murni sebanyak 1.45 m3 per hari. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa kesesuaian lahan dan jumlah ternak memiliki peranan signifikan dalam mendukung efektivias biodigester untuk menghasilkan energi terbarukan. Hasil pengujian biogas pada efisiensi kompor menunjukkan nilai efisiensi sebesar 0.8% lebih besar dari pada biogas tanpa dilakukan pemurnian. Penggunaan biodigester juga memberikan kontribusi pada pengurangan emisi gas rumah kaca dan pemberdayaan masyarakat pedesaan melalui teknologi ramah lingkungan.
Management Strategies for On-street Parking Facility at Gen. Sudirman Street Kuanino Kupang
Authors:   Civil Engineering Department, Universitas Katolik Widya Mandira Kupang, 85211, Indonesia, Pedo Krisantus Satrio Wibowo , Pattiraja Agustinus Haryanto ,   Civil Engineering Department, Universitas Katolik Widya Mandira Kupang, 85211, Indonesia
Published: June 2024

Poor performance of on-street parking facilities at Gen. Sudirman Kuanino Street, Kupang, can disrupt traffic flow and cause various problems. The research method is to evaluate the performance of on-street parking facilities and their impact on road performance, transportation costs, and the environment. The results show that the parking index exceeds the parking space capacity, with the highest values of 150% (left) and 138% (right). This is due to the parking volume of building material store operational vehicles (pick-ups and trucks). The resulting impact is a decrease in road performance with a degree of saturation (DS) at 1.22. Hence, it affects transportation costs and vehicle exhaust emissions exceeding regulatory limits. The recommended structuring strategy is the application of rules to control the volume, space, and time of parking by prohibiting parking from building material store operational vehicles, requiring minimum availability of off-street parking spaces by every store, applying a progressive parking fee system, and planting green plants. If the structuring strategy is implemented, the highest parking index results are 84% (left) and 96% (right), and the road performance results increase from the DS value of 1.22 to 0.71.
The Effectiveness Of Using Column Formwork In A Multi-Story Building Construction Project
Authors:   Civil Engineering Department, Universitas Brawijaya, 65145, Indonesia, Vansya Muhammad Lawdy Dhiyaa , Arifi Eva ,   Civil Engineering Department, Universitas Brawijaya, 65145, Indonesia, Wijaya Ming Narto ,   Civil Engineering Department, Universitas Brawijaya, 65145, Indonesia
Published: June 2024

Building the structural components is crucial for constructing a multi-story building. In the process of creating these components, which is commonly done through casting, a tool called formwork is required. Formwork is a tool used to mold the necessary concrete structures, ensuring that their shape and dimensions align with the concrete material's planning. Formwork tasks for concrete work significantly impact costs. Different formwork options, including traditional, semi-system, and full-system forms, are available. This research aims to assess cost-effectiveness through value engineering, specifically focusing on column formwork, by comparing their utilization in a multi-story construction project. The study begins by collecting primary data, namely working drawings, so that the volume of conventional formwork can be calculated. Then, budget planning calculations are made to analyze the cost comparison of each formwork alternative. The selection of the appropriate formwork affects the speed of execution and the costs incurredIn this construction project for the building, the conventional column formwork results in expenses amounting to IDR 587,749,263.04 and requires 28 days for completion, while semi-system column formwork achieves a 37% cost saving with the same duration of 28 days, and full-system column formwork becomes 64% more cost-effective with a construction period of 10 days.