bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting the Concentration of Learning and Critical Thinking on Student Learning Achievement in Economic Subject
Authors: Erwiza Erwiza , Kartiko Sri , Gimin Gimin
Published: November 2019

The National Examination is conducted to test the ability of students during the education process. However the average national exam results of Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Pekanbaru starting from 2015-2018 always decrease. This phenomenon can not be separated from factors that affect learning achievement. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence concentration and critical thinking on student learning achievement both direct influence and indirect influence on economic subjects in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Pekanbaru (MAN 1 Pekanbaru). The population in this study were 125 students of IIS class XI. Sampling technique used was simple random sampling obtained by 95 students. Data collection uses a questionnaire with a Likert scale. The results showed that: (1) the non-physical school environment had an effect on learning achievement directly by 24.2% and indirectly had an effect of 12%. (2) learning interest influences learning achievement directly by 27.1% and indirectly by 8.8%. (3) learning concentration directly affects learning achievement by 19.5%. (4) critical thinking directly influences learning achievement by 27.3%. In general, critical thinking can affect the learning achievement.
Synthesis of minerals and polymineral matrixes for immobilization of radioactive wastes elements
Authors: Kotelnikov A. R. , Akhmedzhanova G. M. , Suk N. I. , Martynov K. V. , Gavlina O. T. , Suvorova V. A.
Published: November 2019

For the development of methods for the disposal of radioactive waste in the rocks of the earths crust, the concept of phase and chemical correspondence in the system of matrix material ― host rock has been proposed. This principle allows directional synthesis of certain mineral matrices. Matrix materials were experimentally synthesized ― solid solutions of minerals for immobilization of alkaline, alkaline-earth, rare-earth elements ― radionuclides. The properties of a number of solid solutions of minerals are investigated. The possibilities of processing graphite into stable matrices are studied. Methods of fixation and separation of noble metals (components of radioactive waste) and halides (Br, I) have been developed. The problems of processing glass matrix minerals (borosilicate and aluminophosphate glasses) into stable crystalline matrix materials are considered. Methods for processing glass matrices into mineral matrix materials are presented.
Adsorption of strontium on manganese oxide (δ-MnO2) at elevated temperatures: experiment and modeling
Authors: Karaseva O. N. , Ivanova L. I. , Lakshtanov L. Z.
Published: November 2019

Strontium adsorption has been studied by the method of acid-base potentiometric titrations at three different temperatures: 25, 50, 75C. The effect of pH, ionic strength, sorbate/sorbent ratio, and temperature on adsorption was investigated. Experimental data were simulated using two various surface complexation models, with two different electrostatic descriptions of the interface: the constant capacitance model (CCM) and the triple-layer model (TLM). Although the both models used are able to account for the acid-base reactions and surface complexation of strontium on birnessite, we consider that the TLM is more applicable for a description of heterophaseous system H+ MnOH Sr2+. Under conditions of low ionic strength and negatively charged surface, Sr2+ ions compete with the electrolyte ions and form outer-sphere complexes along with inner-sphere complexes. Consequently, using the CCM for description of strontium adsorption data could be mathematically satisfactory, but physically senseless. The equilibrium model proposed here consists of the complexes of inner (MnOHSr2+, MnOSr+, MnOSrOH0) and outer types ([MnO Sr2+]+). The corresponding intrinsic equilibrium constants of the formation of these surface complexes were calculated for 25,50, and 75C.
APLIKASI METODE FOAM MAT DRYING PADA PEMBUATAN BUBUK JAHE (Zingiber officinale)
Authors: Kurniasari Fifi , Hartati Indah , Kurniasari Laeli
Published: November 2019

Jahe merupakan salah satu jenis komoditas rempah yang memiliki beragam manfaat dan kegunaan. Jahe dalam bentuk bubuk diminati masyarakat karena lebih praktis dan lebih tahan lama. Salah satu metode pengeringan serbuk jahe yang dipandang tepat untuk diaplikasikan dalam proses produksi serbuk jahe adalah metode pengeringan busa (foam mat drying). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji proses pengeringan busa terhadap jahe dengan menggunakan tween 80 (foam agent) dan maltodekstrin sebagai bahan pengisi untuk membantu mempertahankan konsistensi busa. Proses percobaan menggunakan pengeringan tanpa foam untuk dibandingkan dengan variabel komposisi tween 80 (4%,6%,8%) dan maltodekstrin (10%,15%,20%). Didapatkan hasil perbandingan terbaik pada sampel 4 dengan kadar air 0,07% pada menit ke 120. Hasil percobaan secara keseluruhan sudah memenuhi standar minimal produk makanan yaitu <5%. Kata kunci : Jahe, Foam mat drying, Tween 80, Maltodekstrin
Topological sensitivity analysis for a three-dimensional parabolic type problem
Authors: Ghezaiel Emna , Abdelwahed Mohamed , Chorfi Nejmeddine , Hassine Maatoug
Published: November 2019

This work focuses on the topological sensitivity analysis of a three-dimensional parabolic type problem. The considered application model is described by the heat equation. We derive a new topological asymptotic expansion valid for various shape functions and geometric perturbations of arbitrary form. The used approach is based on a rigorous mathematical framework describing and analyzing the asymptotic behavior of the perturbed temperature field.
In Vivo Validation of a Small Molecule Inhibitor of Tau Self-Association in htau Mice
Authors: Davidowitz Eliot J. , Krishnamurthy Pavan K. , Lopez Patricia , Jimenez Heidy , Adrien Leslie , Davies Peter , Moe James G.
Published: November 2019

Tau oligomers have been shown to transmit tau pathology from diseased neurons to healthy neurons through seeding, tau misfolding, and aggregation that is thought to play an influential role in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related tauopathies. To develop a small molecule therapeutic for AD and related tauopathies, we have developed in vitro and cellular assays to select molecules inhibiting the first step in tau aggregation, the self-association of tau into oligomers. In vivo validation studies of an optimized lead compound were independently performed in the htau mouse model of tauopathy that expresses the human isoforms of tau without inherited tauopathy mutations that are irrelevant to AD. Treated mice did not show any adverse events related to the compound. The lead compound significantly reduced the level of self-associated tau and total and phosphorylated insoluble tau aggregates. The dose response was linear with respect to levels of compound in the brain. A confirmatory study was performed with male htau mice that gave consistent results. The results validated our screening approach by showing that targeting tau self-association can inhibit the entire tau aggregation pathway by using the selected and optimized lead compound whose activity translated from in vitro and cellular assays to an in vivo model of tau aggregation.
Early Emergence of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Cognitively Normal Subjects and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Tsunoda Keiichiro , Yamashita Toru , Osakada Yosuke , Sasaki Ryo , Tadokoro Koh , Matsumoto Namiko , Nomura Emi , Morihara Ryuta , Nakano Yumiko , Takahashi Yoshiaki , Hatanaka Noriko , Shang Jingwei , Sato Kota , Takemoto Mami , Hishikawa Nozomi , Ohta Yasuyuki , Abe Koji
Published: November 2019

The world is rapidly aging and facing an increase in the number of dementia patients, so it is important to detect the preclinical stage of dementia in such countries. We examined both cognitive and affective functions among cognitively normal control ( n = 218), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 146), and Alzheimer’s disease (AD, n = 305) subjects using two evaluation tools for behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) [Abe’s BPSD score (ABS) and mild behavioral impairment (MBI)]. BPSD were present in 12.4% (ABS) and 9.6% (MBI) of cognitively normal people, 34.9% and 32.2% in MCI subjects, and 66.2% and 51.1% in AD patients. Both ABS (§ p<0.05) and MBI (§§ p < 0.01) score showed worse score with cognitive decline of the Mini-Mental State Examination in the AD group in BPSD-positive participants. Similar correlations were found in all participants in AD group (|||| p < 0.01 versus ABS and MBI). Among the subscales in BPSD-positive participants, an apathy/indifference score of ABS and a decreased motivation of MBI showed significant differences in AD patients compared to the control and MCI subjects (** p<0.01). In addition, subscale analyses further showed a downward trend from the control to MCI and AD subjects in four ABS subscales and three MBI subscales. The present study showed the preclinical presence of BPSD in cognitively normal people, more so in MCI subjects, and ABS detected BPSD more sensitively than MBI in all three groups.
Correlations between oxygen and positive pressure exposure in the neonatal intensive care unit and wheezing in preterm infants without bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Glenn T. , Ross K.R. , Trembath A. , Tatsuoka C. , Minich N. , Hibbs A.M.
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND:

Oxygen exposure has been associated with increased wheezing and respiratory morbidity after discharge in extremely preterm infants and those with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. More mature preterm infants with less severe disease are also at risk for pulmonary complications, including rehospitalization for respiratory illnesses and wheezing disorders. Our aim was to evaluate associations between respiratory support and morbidity in preterm infants without bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

METHODS:

A secondary analysis was performed on 300 infants born at 28–34 weeks gestation without bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Exposure included oxygen or positive pressure, (continuous positive airway pressure or mechanical ventilation). The primary outcome was recurrent wheezing. Secondary outcomes were respiratory medications, emergency room visits, and hospitalizations.

RESULTS:

50% of infants who received oxygen experienced recurrent wheezing compared to 42.4% of infants who did not (OR 1.15 CI 0.72–1.85 adjusted OR 1.15 CI 0.67–1.98). 51.1% of infants who received positive pressure experienced recurrent wheezing compared to 38.1% who did not (OR 1.57 CI 0.97–2.53 adjusted OR 1.58 CI 0.90–2.77). There were no significant associations between oxygen and positive pressure exposure and any primary or secondary outcomes in the adjusted analyses.

CONCLUSIONS:

After adjustment for known risk factors the analyses showed no significant associations between oxygen and positive pressure with respiratory morbidity in this population. Further study of infants with mild disease is needed.
Middle cerebral artery Doppler pulsatility index as a predictor of intrapartum meconium release in prolonged pregnancies
Authors: Canto María J. , Palau Josep , Kishimoto Cristina , Astor Judith , García Emilia , Sentí María , Ojeda Felipe
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVES:

The aim of this study was to asses the correlation of middle cerebral artery pulsatility index (MCA-PI) and perinatal outcomes in prolonged pregnancies.

STUDY DESIGN:

This was a prospective study of all consecutive pregnant women beyond 41 weeks’ gestation attending for obstetric surveillance during a two years period. We evaluated the predictive value of MCA-PI lower than the 5th percentile (<p5) and the occurrence of: cesarean delivery for fetal distress, 5-min Apgar score <7, arterial cord pH < 7.15, presence of thick meconium at delivery, need for admission to the neonatal intensive care and/or neonatal death.

RESULTS:

Three hundred and one pregnancies met the inclusion criteria and were managed expectantly. Of them, 31 (10.3%) fetuses had an MCA-PI < p5, which showed a significant relationship with the presence of thick meconium at birth ( p < 0.001), but was not related to any of the other perinatal outcomes.

CONCLUSION:

In prolonged pregnancies, the finding of MCA-PI < p5 is related to meconium emission at the time of delivery, but is not associated with an increased risk of adverse perinatal outcome.
Elazığ’da Açıkta Satılan Baharatların Mikrobiyolojik Kalitesi
Authors: DEMİR Pelin , ERKAN Sümeyye , ÖKSÜZTEPE Gülsüm , İNCİLİ Gökhan Kürşad
Published: November 2019

Bu çalışma

Elazığ ili kapalı çarşısında açıkta satılan baharatların mikrobiyolojik

kalitelerini belirlemek için Eylül 2016-Şubat 2017 tarihleri arasında yapıldı.

Bu amaçla 30’ ar adet öğütülmüş karabiber (Piper

nigrum L.), kırmızı toz biber (Capsicum

annuum L.), kırmızı pul biber (Capsicum

annuum L.), ve kimyon (Cuminum

cyminum L.) materyal olarak kullanıldı. Baharat örneklerinde toplam

mezofilik aerob bakteri, koliform grubu bakteri, Staphylococcus-Micrococcus, maya-küf, aerob sporlu mezofiller,

anaerob sporlu mezofiller, laktobasiller, Enterobacteriaceae,

Escherichia coli ve Staphylococcus aureus sayımları yapıldı.

Öğütülmüş karabiberde, kırmızı toz biberde, kırmızı pul biberde ve kimyonda

ortalama olarak (log10 kob/g) sırasıyla toplam mezofilik aerob

bakteri sayısı 7.50, 5.92, 5.80, 5.45; koliform grubu bakteri sayısı 3.54,

2.03, 2.13, 3.39; Staphylococcus-Micrococcus

sayısı 5.52, 4.22, 4.01, 4.89; maya-küf sayısı 3.13, 3.40, 2.81, 2.44;

laktobasiller 5.79, 4.27, 4.77, 4.21; Enterobacteriaceae

4.02, 3.22, 3.02, 2.34 ve aerob sporlu mezofiller 4.28, 4.40, 4.09, 4.89

seviyesinde bulundu. Anaerob sporlu mezofiller karabiber ve kırmızıbiber

örneklerinin tamamında, kimyon örneklerinin ise % 50’sinde saptandı. Escherichia coli 4 karabiber, 3 kırmızı

toz biber, 2 kırmızı pul biber ve 5 kimyon örneğinde tespit edildi. Ancak

örneklerin hiç birinde koagulaz pozitif S.

aureus izole edilmedi. Sonuç olarak incelenen baharat örneklerinin

mikrobiyolojik kalitelerinin düşük olduğu ve halk sağlığı açısından risk teşkil

edebileceği kanaatine varıldı. Bu nedenle baharatların açıkta satışlarının

yapılmaması, uygun ambalaj materyallerinde saklanması ve üretimden tüketime

kadar tüm aşamaların endüstriyel ortamlarda HACCP kurallarına uygun olarak

yapılması tavsiye edilmektedir.
Physical characteristics of soils in the landslide areas of Cadac-an Watershed in Leyte, Philippines
Authors: Cabelin Jorge , Jadina Beatriz
Published: November 2019

Landslides have become very frequent in Leyte which justifies the need for soil assessment and characterization of the landslide-prone areas in the province. This study assessed the physical characteristics of soils from the landslide areas in Cadac-an watershed in Leyte, Philippines. Landslide cuts located in the central highlands of Cadac-an watershed were used as representative profiles in this study. These were examined, characterized and sampled for the analyses of soil physical properties which include particle size distribution (Pipette method), bulk density (Paraffin-clod method), particle density (Pycnometer method), porosity, total soil wet density, water holding capacity and field capacity (Gravimetric method), saturated hydraulic conductivity (Constant head method), liquid limit and plastic index. Generally, soils from the landslide areas in Cadac-an watershed had a sandy loam to clay loam to clayey texture, low bulk density, low particle density, high porosity, moderate total soil wet density, moderate to high water holding capacity, low to moderate field capacity, moderately high to high saturated hydraulic conductivity, moderate liquid limit and low plastic index. Based on the above characteristics, the soils are susceptible to landslide occurrence thus it is highly recommended to conduct constant assessment and monitoring the area.
Effects of flame and corona treatment on extrusion coated paper properties
Authors: TUOMINEN MIKKO , LAHTI JOHANNA , KUUSIPALO JURKKA
Published: November 2019

Polymer and paper structures have been used in several fields, especially in the packaging industry. This study shows how flame and corona treatment modify the most important properties of fiber-based packaging materials: printability, sealability, and barrier effectiveness against water vapor, oxygen, and grease. A high level of wetting or oxygen content of the surface after flame or corona treatment did not lead to improved print quality (i.e., better toner adhesion and high visual quality for the extrusion coatings). Flame treatment improved visual quality and toner adhesion of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) coating, but increased minimum sealing temperatures and reduced seal strengths of the coating. The reduced sealability likely resulted from cross-linking of the LDPE surface, which reduced chain mobility and limited the amount of chain interdiffusion across the seal interface. Polypropylene (PP) coating sealability was enhanced by flame treatment, whereas corona treatment improved the sealability of both coatings. The reason for the improved sealability was chain-scission, not cross-linking, which is the dominant reaction for flame-treated PP and corona-treated LDPE and PP coatings. Flame treatment also improved the water vapor and oxygen barrier ability by increasing the surface crystallinity of coatings.
Effect of Plyometric Hurdle Hops and Tuck Jump Training on Strength and Leg Muscle Power in Martial Arts Athletes at Kostrad Company-C Malang
Authors: Putera Shidqi Hamdi Pratama , Setijono Hari , Wiriawan Oce
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of hurdle hops and tuck jump exercises on leg muscle strength and power, as well as the different effects of hurdle hops and tuck jump exercises on leg muscle strength and power. The research method used in this study is quantitative with quasi-experimental methods, with the design of this study using a non-randomize control group pretest and posttest design, with data analysis using ANOVA. The process of data retrieval is done by testing the leg muscle strength using a strength test tool that is a leg dynamometer and leg muscle power test with a jump md, during the pretest and posttest, then the data are analyzed using SPSS 22.0 series. The target of this study was martial arts athlete Kostrad Company-C with 30 members, divided into 3 groups with each group totaling 10 people, this research was conducted for 6 weeks. Paired sample strength test results and paired sample test of leg muscle power test that the significance level of each variable obtained sig 0,000 <0.05 thus there is a significant influence or difference between the pretest and posttest of the dependent variables of leg muscle strength and power, ANOVA test results on leg muscle strength and strength, showing strength, F: 12,191, sig 0,000, Power F: 4,778, sig 0.17, so it can be concluded that there are significant differences in the results of leg muscle strength and strength in three different groups, because sig <0.05. From the results of the post hoc multiple comparations (LSD) test of independent variables that have a significant influence on the increase in the dependent variable, it can be seen from the mean different results that the hurdle hops group gained 31,900 strength, power 155,367,00, meaning that the hurdle hops exercise was more influential. Based on the above analysis it can be concluded that there is an increase in leg muscle strength and power for each group, through the ANOVA test. Where hurdle hops exercises have a better effect than tuck jump exercises and the control group on leg muscle strength and power.
PENGARUH KOMPETENSI PEGAWAI TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA PEGAWAI DINAS KESEHATAN KOTA BANDUNG
Authors: Abubakar Rodlial Ramdhan Tackbir
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kompetensi pegawai terhadap produktivitas kerja Pegawai Dinas Kesehatan Kota Bandung. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis kuantitatif melalui penggunaan metode analisis jalur (path analysis) yang dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui besaran pengaruh variabel kompetensi terhadap produktivitas kerja pegawai Dinas Kesehatan Kota Bandung baik secara simultan maupun secara parsial. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa secara simultan, pengaruh kompetensi pegawai (X) terhadap produktivitas kerja (Y) sebesar 68,9%. Adapun pengaruh variabel lain (ε) terhadap produktivitas kerja (Y) sebesar 31,1%. Sedangkan secara parsial, pengaruh kompetensi pegawai (X) yang terdiri dari tiga komponen kompetensi meliputi : komponen sikap (X1) berpengaruh positif sebesar 17%. Komponen pengetahuan (X2) berpengaruh positif terhadap produktivitas kerja (Y) sebesar 42,1%, dan komponen keterampilan (X3) berpengaruh positif terhadap produktivitas kerja (Y) sebesar 9,8%. Dari ketiga komponen kompetensi pegawai yang memberikan pengaruh dominan secara parsial terhadap produktivitas kerja pegawai adalah komponen pengetahuan (X 2) berpengaruh positif terhadap produktivitas kerja pegawai (Y) Dinas Kesehatan Kota Bandung sebesar 42,1%. Selanjutnya penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa Kompetensi Pegawai berpengaruh secara positif terhadap produktivitas kerja pegawai pada Dinas Kesehatan Kota Bandung. Bahwa secara menyeluruh Kompetensi telah dilaksanakan dan dijalankan sesuai dengan faktor-faktor produktivitas kerja.
ANALYZING INFLATION INFLUENCE TOWARD THE NUMBER OF FOREIGN TOURISTS VISITING INDONESIA AND THEIR IMPACT ON INDONESIA’S ECONOMIC GROWTH
Authors: Sulasmiyati Sri
Published: November 2019

The tourism sector is one of the potential contributors to GDP in Indonesia. So the number of foreign tourists visiting Indonesia is considered to have a major influence on Indonesia's economic growth. The acceleration of the tourism sector has made the tourism sector attractive to study. .In addition, inflation is also considered to have an influence on the number of foreign tourists and economic growth. This research was conducted to determine whether or not there was an effect of inflation on the number of foreign tourists visiting Indonesia and Indonesia’s economic growth in 2010-2018. The two variables were analyzed because they were considered to have the greatest contribution to Indonesia's economic growth. The analysis technique used is explanatory research with Quantitative Data Analysis. Data analysis was carried out by descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis assisted by the GRETL program.
Remote Measurement of Apple Orchard Canopy Information Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Photogrammetry
Authors: Sun Guoxiang , Wang Xiaochan , Ding Yongqian , Lu Wei , Sun Ye
Published: November 2019

Information on fruit tree canopies is important for decision making in orchard management, including irrigation, fertilization, spraying, and pruning. An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imaging system was used to establish an orchard three-dimensional (3D) point-cloud model. A row-column detection method was developed based on the probability density estimation and rapid segmentation of the point-cloud data for each apple tree, through which the tree canopy height, H, width, W, and volume, V, were determined for remote orchard canopy evaluation. When the ground sampling distance (GSD) was in the range of 2.13 to 6.69 cm/px, the orchard point-cloud model had a measurement accuracy of 100.00% for the rows and 90.86% to 98.20% for the columns. The coefficient of determination, R2, was in the range of 0.8497 to 0.9376, 0.8103 to 0.9492, and 0.8032 to 0.9148, respectively, and the average relative error was in the range of 1.72% to 3.42%, 2.18% to 4.92%, and 7.90% to 13.69%, respectively, among the H, W, and V values measured manually and by UAV photogrammetry. The results showed that UAV visual imaging is suitable for 3D morphological remote canopy evaluations, facilitates orchard canopy informatization, and contributes substantially to efficient management and control of modern standard orchards.
Genome-Wide Association Study for Milk Fatty Acids in Holstein Cattle Accounting for the DGAT1 Gene Effect
Authors: Cruz Valdecy A. R. , Oliveira Hinayah R. , Brito Luiz F. , Fleming Allison , Larmer Steven , Miglior Filippo , Schenkel Flavio S.
Published: November 2019

The identification of genomic regions and candidate genes associated with milk fatty acids contributes to better understand the underlying biology of these traits and enables breeders to modify milk fat composition through genetic selection. The main objectives of this study were: (1) to perform genome-wide association analyses for five groups of milk fatty acids in Holstein cattle using a high-density (777K) SNP panel; and (2) to compare the results of GWAS accounting (or not) for the DGAT1 gene effect as a covariate in the statistical model. The five groups of milk fatty acids analyzed were: (1) saturated (SFA); (2) unsaturated (UFA); (3) short-chain (SCFA); (4) medium-chain (MCFA); and (5) long-chain (LCFA) fatty acids. When DGAT1 was not fitted as a covariate in the model, significant SNPs and candidate genes were identified on BTA5, BTA6, BTA14, BTA16, and BTA19. When fitting the DGAT1 gene in the model, only the MGST1 and PLBD1 genes were identified. Thus, this study suggests that the DGAT1 gene accounts for most of the variability in milk fatty acid composition and the PLBD1 and MGST1 genes are important additional candidate genes in Holstein cattle.
Effectiveness of Efflux Pump Inhibitors as Biofilm Disruptors and Resistance Breakers in Gram-Negative (ESKAPEE) Bacteria
Authors: Reza Akif , Sutton J. Mark , Rahman Khondaker Miraz
Published: November 2019

Antibiotic resistance represents a significant threat to the modern healthcare provision. The ESKAPEE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium., Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp. and Escherichia coli), in particular, have proven to be especially challenging to treat, due to their intrinsic and acquired ability to rapidly develop resistance mechanisms in response to environmental threats. The development of biofilm has been characterised as an essential contributing factor towards antimicrobial-resistance and tolerance. Several studies have implicated the involvement of efflux pumps in antibiotic resistance, both directly, via drug extrusion and indirectly, through the formation of biofilm. As a result, the underlying mechanism of these pumps has attracted considerable interest due to the potential of targeting these protein structures and developing novel adjunct therapies. Subsequent investigations have revealed the ability of efflux pump-inhibitors (EPIs) to block drug-extrusion and disrupt biofilm formation, thereby, potentiating antibiotics and reversing resistance of pathogen towards them. This review will discuss the potential of EPIs as a possible solution to antimicrobial resistance, examining different challenges to the design of these compounds, with an emphasis on Gram-negative ESKAPEE pathogens.
Effect of Human-Induced Land Disturbance on Subseasonal Predictability of Near-Surface Variables Using an Atmospheric General Circulation Model
Authors: Yamada Tomohito J. , Pokhrel Yadu
Published: November 2019

Irrigation can affect climate and weather patterns from regional to global scales through the alteration of surface water and energy balances. Here, we couple a land-surface model (LSM) that includes various human land-water management activities including irrigation with an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) to examine the impacts of irrigation-induced land disturbance on the subseasonal predictability of near-surface variables. Results indicate that the simulated global irrigation and groundwater withdrawals (circa 2000) are ~3600 and ~370 km3/year, respectively, which are in good agreement with previous estimates from country statistics and offline–LSMs. Subseasonal predictions for boreal summers during the 1986–1995 period suggest that the spread among ensemble simulations of air temperature can be substantially reduced by using realistic land initializations considering irrigation-induced changes in soil moisture. Additionally, it is found that the subseasonal forecast skill for near-surface temperature and sea level pressure significantly improves when human-induced land disturbance is accounted for in the AGCM. These results underscore the need to incorporate irrigation into weather forecast models, such as the global forecast system.
The Steroidogenesis Inhibitor Finasteride Reduces the Response to Both Stressful and Rewarding Stimuli
Authors: Godar Sean C. , Cadeddu Roberto , Floris Gabriele , Mosher Laura J. , Mi Zhen , Jarmolowicz David P. , Scheggi Simona , Walf Alicia A. , Koonce Carolyn J. , Frye Cheryl A. , Muma Nancy A. , Bortolato Marco
Published: November 2019

Finasteride (FIN) is the prototypical inhibitor of steroid 5α-reductase (5αR), the enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step of the conversion of progesterone and testosterone into their main neuroactive metabolites. FIN is clinically approved for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and male baldness; while often well-tolerated, FIN has also been shown to cause or exacerbate psychological problems in vulnerable subjects. Evidence on the psychological effects of FIN, however, remains controversial, in view of inconsistent clinical reports. Here, we tested the effects of FIN in a battery of tests aimed at capturing complementary aspects of mood regulation and stress reactivity in rats. FIN reduced exploratory, incentive, prosocial, and risk-taking behavior; furthermore, it decreased stress coping, as revealed by increased immobility in the forced-swim test (FST). This last effect was also observed in female and orchiectomized male rats, suggesting that the mechanism of action of FIN does not primarily reflect changes in gonadal steroids. The effects of FIN on FST responses were associated with a dramatic decrease in corticotropin release hormone (CRH) mRNA and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels. These results suggest that FIN impairs stress reactivity and reduces behavioral activation and impulsive behavior by altering the function of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis.
Sex Differences in High Fat Diet-Induced Metabolic Alterations Correlate with Changes in the Modulation of GRK2 Levels
Authors: Arcones Alba , Cruces-Sande Marta , Ramos Paula , Mayor Federico , Murga Cristina
Published: November 2019

A differential sex-related sensitivity has been reported in obesity and insulin resistance-related cardio-metabolic diseases, with a lower incidence of these pathologies being observed in young females when compared to age-matched males. However, such relative protection is lost with age. The mechanisms underlying such sex and age-related changes in the susceptibility to diabetes and obesity are not fully understood. Herein, we report that the relative protection that is displayed by young female mice, as compared to male littermates, against some of the metabolic alterations that are induced by feeding a high fat diet (HFD), correlates with a lower upregulation of the protein levels of G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK2), which is a key regulator of both insulin and G protein-coupled receptor signaling, in the liver and adipose tissue. Interestingly, when the HFD is initiated in middle-aged (32 weeks) female mice, these animals are no longer protected and display a more overt obese and insulin-resistant phenotype, along with a more evident increase in the GRK2 protein levels in metabolically relevant tissues in such conditions. Our data suggest that GRK2 dosage might be involved in the sex and age-biased sensitivity to insulin resistance-related pathologies.
The G Protein-Coupled Bile Acid Receptor TGR5 (Gpbar1) Modulates Endothelin-1 Signaling in Liver
Authors: Klindt Caroline , Reich Maria , Hellwig Birte , Stindt Jan , Rahnenführer Jörg , Hengstler Jan G. , Köhrer Karl , Schoonjans Kristina , Häussinger Dieter , Keitel Verena
Published: November 2019

TGR5 (Gpbar1) is a G protein-coupled receptor responsive to bile acids (BAs), which is expressed in different non-parenchymal cells of the liver, including biliary epithelial cells, liver-resident macrophages, sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), and activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Mice with targeted deletion of TGR5 are more susceptible towards cholestatic liver injury induced by cholic acid-feeding and bile duct ligation, resulting in a reduced proliferative response and increased liver injury. Conjugated lithocholic acid (LCA) represents the most potent TGR5 BA ligand and LCA-feeding has been used as a model to rapidly induce severe cholestatic liver injury in mice. Thus, TGR5 knockout (KO) mice and wildtype (WT) littermates were fed a diet supplemented with 1% LCA for 84 h. Liver injury and gene expression changes induced by the LCA diet revealed an enrichment of pathways associated with inflammation, proliferation, and matrix remodeling. Knockout of TGR5 in mice caused upregulation of endothelin-1 (ET-1) expression in the livers. Analysis of TGR5-dependent ET-1 signaling in isolated LSECs and HSCs demonstrated that TGR5 activation reduces ET-1 expression and secretion from LSECs and triggers internalization of the ET-1 receptor in HSCs, dampening ET-1 responsiveness. Thus, we identified two independent mechanisms by which TGR5 inhibits ET-1 signaling and modulates portal pressure.
Identification of Novel Adenylyl Cyclase 5 (AC5) Signaling Networks in D1 and D2 Medium Spiny Neurons using Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation Screening
Authors: Doyle Trevor B. , Muntean Brian S. , Ejendal Karin F. , Hayes Michael P. , Soto-Velasquez Monica , Martemyanov Kirill A. , Dessauer Carmen W. , Hu Chang-Deng , Watts Val J.
Published: November 2019

Adenylyl cyclase type 5 (AC5), as the principal isoform expressed in striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs), is essential for the integration of both stimulatory and inhibitory midbrain signals that initiate from dopaminergic G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activation. The spatial and temporal control of cAMP signaling is dependent upon the composition of local regulatory protein networks. However, there is little understanding of how adenylyl cyclase protein interaction networks adapt to the multifarious pressures of integrating acute versus chronic and inhibitory vs. stimulatory receptor signaling in striatal MSNs. Here, we presented the development of a novel bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC)-based protein-protein interaction screening methodology to further identify and characterize elements important for homeostatic control of dopamine-modulated AC5 signaling in a neuronal model cell line and striatal MSNs. We identified two novel AC5 modulators: the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) catalytic subunit (PPP2CB) and the intracellular trafficking associated protein—NSF (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor) attachment protein alpha (NAPA). The effects of genetic knockdown (KD) of each gene were evaluated in several cellular models, including D1- and D2-dopamine receptor-expressing MSNs from CAMPER mice. The knockdown of PPP2CB was associated with a reduction in acute and sensitized adenylyl cyclase activity, implicating PP2A is an important and persistent regulator of adenylyl cyclase activity. In contrast, the effects of NAPA knockdown were more nuanced and appeared to involve an activity-dependent protein interaction network. Taken together, these data represent a novel screening method and workflow for the identification and validation of adenylyl cyclase protein-protein interaction networks under diverse cAMP signaling paradigms.
Influence of Aluminum Laser Ablation on Interfacial Thermal Transfer and Joint Quality of Laser Welded Aluminum–Polyamide Assemblies
Authors: Al-Sayyad Adham , Bardon Julien , Hirchenhahn Pierre , Vaudémont Regis , Houssiau Laurent , Plapper Peter
Published: November 2019

Laser assisted metal–polymer joining (LAMP) is a novel assembly process for the development of hybrid lightweight products with customized properties. It was already demonstrated that laser ablation of aluminum alloy Al1050 (Al) prior to joining with polyamide 6.6 (PA) has significant influence on the joint quality, manifested in the joint area. However, profound understanding of the factors affecting the joint quality was missing. This work investigates the effects of laser ablation on the surface properties of Al, discusses their corresponding impact on the interfacial thermal transfer between the joining partners, and evaluates their effects on the joint quality. Samples ablated with different parameters, resulting in a range from low- to high-quality joints, were selected, and their surface properties were analyzed by using 2D profilometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). In order to analyze the effects of laser ablation parameters on the interfacial thermal transfer between metal and polymer, a model two-layered system was analyzed, using laser flash analysis (LFA), and the thermal contact resistance (TCR) was quantified. Results indicate a strong influence of laser-ablation parameters on the surface structural and morphological properties, influencing the thermal transfer during the laser welding process, thus affecting the joint quality and its resistance to shear load.
ZnO Nanocrystal-Based Chloroform Detection: Density Functional Theory (DFT) Study
Authors: Ammar H. Y. , Badran H. M. , Umar Ahmad , Fouad H. , Alothman Othman Y.
Published: November 2019

We investigated the detection of chloroform (CHCl3) using ZnO nanoclusters via density functional theory calculations. The effects of various concentrations of CHCl3, as well as the deposition of O atoms, on the adsorption over ZnO nanoclusters were analyzed via geometric optimizations. The calculated difference between the highest occupied molecular orbital and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital for ZnO was 4.02 eV. The most stable adsorption characteristics were investigated with respect to the adsorption energy, frontier orbitals, elemental positions, and charge transfer. The results revealed that ZnO nanoclusters with a specific geometry and composition are promising candidates for chloroform-sensing applications.
Novel Schemes for Compact FELs in the THz Region
Authors: Doria Andrea , Gallerano Gian Piero , Giovenale Emilio
Published: November 2019

The rapid advance of terahertz technologies in terms of radiation generators, systems, and scientific or industrial applications has put a particular focus on compact sources with challenging performances in terms of generated power (peak and/or average), radiation time structure, and frequency band tunability. Free electron laser (FEL)-based sources are probably the best candidates to express such a versatility; there are a number of schemes that have been investigated over the years to generate coherent radiation from free electrons in the mm-wave and terahertz regions of the spectrum, covering a wide frequency range from approximately 100 GHz to 10 THz. This paper proposes novel schemes for exploring the limits in the performance of radio frequency-driven free-electron devices in terms of ultrashort pulse duration, wide bandwidth operation, and energy recovery for near continuous wave (CW) operation. The aim of the present work is to demonstrate the feasibility of an FEL achieving performance comparable to a conventional photoconductive THz source, which is commonly used for time-domain spectroscopy (TDS), in terms of bandwidth and pulse duration. We will also demonstrate that a THz FEL could be very powerful and flexible in terms of tailoring its spectral features.
Wavelet Packet Decomposition for IEC Compliant Assessment of Harmonics under Stationary and Fluctuating Conditions
Authors: Lodetti Stefano , Bruna Jorge , Melero Julio J. , Sanz José F.
Published: November 2019

This paper presents the validation and characterization of a wavelet based decomposition method for the assessment of harmonic distortion in power systems, under stationary and non-stationary conditions. It uses Wavelet Packet Decomposition with Butterworth Infinite Impulse Response filters and a decomposition structure, which allows the measurement of both odd and even harmonics, up to the 63rd order, fully compliant with the requirements of the IEC 61000-4-7 standard. The method is shown to fulfil the IEC accuracy requirements for stationary harmonics, obtaining the same accuracy even under fluctuating conditions. Then, it is validated using simulated signals with real harmonic content. The proposed method is proven to be fully equivalent to Fourier analysis under stationary conditions, being often more accurate. Under non-stationary conditions, instead, it provides significantly higher accuracy, while the IEC strategy produces large errors. Lastly, the method is tested with real current and voltage signals, measured in conditions of high harmonic distortion. The proposed strategy provides a method with superior performance for fluctuating harmonics, but at the same time IEC compliant under stationary conditions.
Using the Magnetotelluric Method for Detecting Aquifer Failure Characteristics under High-Intensity Mining of Thick Coal Seams
Authors: Bai Erhu , Guo Wenbing , Zhang Dongsheng , Tan Yi , Guo Mingjie , Zhao Gaobo
Published: November 2019

In the ecologically fragile mining area of northwest China, high-intensity mining has seriously affected the aquifer and surface eco-environment. In order to better implement water-preserved mining in ecologically fragile areas, the aquifer failure characteristics should be first detected accurately; therefore, it is necessary to find a convenient and fast detection method. Based on the analysis of the basic principles and influencing factors of the magnetotelluric (MT) method, the feasibility of using the MT method to detect aquifer failure is verified by testing the mined area with MT detection and field borehole measurement. Subsequently, the failure characteristics of overburden and unconsolidated aquifers under high-intensity mining are studied by MT detection and physical simulation. By comparing the physical simulation with the field measurement from the aspects of the maximum surface subsidence, interval of periodic weighting and step cracks, the reliability of the height of the water flowing fracture zone and caving zone obtained from physical simulation is verified. The analysis from MT detection and physical simulation shows that the results of the two methods are in accord with each other, which further confirms that the MT method can be used to detect the failure of overburdened structures and aquifers. The penetrating fractures are the main channel for the downward seepage of water resources, which is caused by the “two-zone” of overburden model and located in the “dimple” shape in the apparent resistivity (AR) isogram. It can provide a reference and technical support for the corresponding new water-preserved mining technology and the construction of digital mines.
On the Energy Efficiency in the Next Generation of Smart Buildings—Supporting Technologies and Techniques
Authors: Benavente-Peces César
Published: November 2019

Energy efficiency is one of the most relevant issues that the scientific community, and society in general, must face in the next years. Furthermore, higher energy efficiencies will contribute to worldwide sustainability. Buildings are responsible for 40% of the overall consumed energy. Smart Grids and Smart Buildings are playing an essential role in the definition of the next generation of sustainable Smart Cities. The main goal is reducing the impact of energy consumption on the environment as much as possible. This paper focuses on information communication technologies (ICTs) and techniques, their key characteristics and contribution to obtain higher energy efficiencies in smart buildings. Given that electrical energy is the most used, the investigation mainly centres on this energy. This paper also pays attention to green energies and energy harvesting due to their contribution to energy efficiency by providing additional clean energy. The main contribution of this investigation is pointing out the most relevant existing and emerging ICT technologies and techniques which can be used to optimize the energy efficiency of Smart Buildings. The research puts special attention on available, novel and emerging sensors, communication technologies and standards, intelligence techniques and algorithms, green energies and energy harvesting. All of them enable high-performance intelligent systems to optimize energy consumption and occupants’ comfort. Furthermore, it remarks on the most suitable technologies and techniques, their main features and their applications in Smart Buildings.
Assessment and Day-Ahead Forecasting of Hourly Solar Radiation in Medellín, Colombia
Authors: Urrego-Ortiz Julián , Martínez J. Alejandro , Arias Paola A. , Jaramillo-Duque Álvaro
Published: November 2019

The description and forecasting of hourly solar resource is fundamental for the operation of solar energy systems in the electric grid. In this work, we provide insights regarding the hourly variation of the global horizontal irradiance in Medellín, Colombia, a large urban area within the tropical Andes. We propose a model based on Markov chains for forecasting the hourly solar irradiance for one day ahead. The Markov model was compared against estimates produced by different configurations of the weather research forecasting model (WRF). Our assessment showed that for the period considered, the average availability of the solar resource was of 5 PSH (peak sun hours), corresponding to an average daily radiation of ~5 kWh/m2. This shows that Medellín, Colombia, has a substantial availability of the solar resource that can be a complementary source of energy during the dry season periods. In the case of the Markov model, the estimates exhibited typical root mean squared errors between ~80 W/m2 and ~170 W/m2 (~50%–~110%) under overcast conditions, and ~57 W/m2 to ~171 W/m2 (~16%–~38%) for clear sky conditions. In general, the proposed model had a performance comparable with the WRF model, while presenting a computationally inexpensive alternative to forecast hourly solar radiation one day in advance. The Markov model is presented as an alternative to estimate time series that can be used in energy markets by agents and power-system operators to deal with the uncertainty of solar power plants.