bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Awareness regarding personal protection measures during COVID 19 pandemic among undergraduate students in a teaching hospital in South India
Authors: Bathala Persis S. , Savolu Cynthia S.
Published: March 2021

Background: WHO declared corona virus disease as a pandemic on March 11th 2020. Health care workers are at a greater risk of infection as they come into contact with the patients. Consistent use of personal protective equipment is important to reduce nosocomial transmission and stops further spread of the disease. The main aim of the study was to assess the awareness of personal protective measures among undergraduate students.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among Final MBBS part-1students of Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool from August to September, 2020, after obtaining IEC clearance. Assuming an awareness of 50%, allowing 20% error, a sample size of 100 was obtained using the formula 4pq/l2. The study subjects were selected by simple random sampling. Questionnaire is based on “Center for Disease Prevention and Control” of health care personnel and sent to the participants through Google forms.Results: Overall, 51% were males, 85% were aware of  source of infection, close contact (87%), hand hygiene practices(84%), usage of masks (82%), sequence of donning (58%) and doffing (42%) of PPE.Conclusions: 83% (>10/15 responses) were aware about personal protection and prevent the spread of the disease but very few of them knew in depth about the same, hence a need to reiterate these facts.
Prevalence of needle stick injuries among health care workers of various hospitals: a cross sectional study in an urban district of North India
Authors: Rajpal Shweta , Garg Sunil Kumar , Bano Tanveer , Singh Ganesh
Published: March 2021

Background: Needle stick injuries (NSI) are one of the dreaded but preventable occupational hazard posed to health care worker in various clinical settings. The causes of NSI includes injuries caused by use of hypodermic needles, blood collection needles, needles in intravenous delivery systems, needles in diagnostic aspiration procedures and needle in interventional or surgical procedures. In developing countries, needle stick injuries prevalence is also related to lack of standard operating protocol in various institution.Methods: A cross sectional observational study was carried out in 384 paramedical, technical, auxiliary and sanitary staff of three government and three private hospitals of Meerut from November 2015 to October 2016.Results: In our study, Overall prevalence of NSI was 77/384 (20.1%). Among sub-groups, needle stick injury was 26.6% and 31.3% in nurses, 37.5% and 16.7% in technicians, 15% and 12.5% in wardboys/aaya and 15.6% and 9.4% in sweepers of public and private hospitals respectively.Conclusions: Standard operating protocol is the need of the hour at every medical institution and hospitals for NSI. Regular training regarding NSI, promoting early reporting and availability of immediate Post exposure prophylaxis should be ensured.
Emerging issues and barriers in access to menstrual hygiene management in a tribal district of India
Authors: Kakwani Jyoti , Meena Jitendra Kumar , Verma Anjana , Dahiya Neha
Published: March 2021

Background: Access to Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM) remains a critical challenge to Indian women especially in remote areas. The problem of poor availability, acceptance, and affordability of MHM products is further aggravated by negative social construct and environmental concerns. Poor menstrual hygiene is linked to significant morbidity and mortality due to reproductive tract infections (RTIs) and cervical cancer etc.Methods: A campaign “Chuppi Todo” was organized in Udaipur; a tribal district in Rajasthan aiming for menstrual health education of adolescent girls and mothers across public schools through interactive means. During the campaign interviews were conducted by trained field staff with participating girls to elicit perspectives related to menstrual hygiene and feedback of the education sessions.Results: Based on qualitative assesments it was observed that women largely ignore menstrual hygiene or follow old traditional practices. They don’t prefer using modern MHM products like sanitary pads etc owing to the difficulty in their disposal and embarrassment.Conclusions: The present study highlights existing knowledge gaps and barriers in providing universal access to MHM to adolescent girls and women living in remote areas in India.
Need for expanding the range of services for the survivors of SARS-CoV-2 disease: a short communication
Authors: Banu Nilofur
Published: March 2021

The objectives of the article are to assess the role of a strategic planning in response to the prevention and control of the SARS-CoV-2 disease and the need for extending range of supports to the survivors of disease. Since the start of the January this year, a new outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 disease has been reported worldwide. As of now, close to than 68,165,877confirmed cases and 1,557,385 and deaths have been attributed to the diseases due to the associated complications and many recovered but deal with multiple sequelae. In order to effectively respond to the pandemic outbreak, a wide range of strategies have to been proposed. It is a fact that the SARS-CoV-2 survivors have been dealing with multiple challenges, the task of organizing strategies to promote early detection of the problems among the survivors have to be initiated. SARS-CoV-2 disease is a life-threatening disease and is linked with a wide range of complications, including those involving cardiac system, respiratory system and also effecting mental wellness. Thus, the need of the hour is to formulate a strategic response comprising of holistic approach which not only aim to reduce the incidence of the disease at present, but also to extend quality assured care to the survivors.
Acute kidney injury and severe septicemia: toll of over-the-counter availability of drugs
Authors: Mitra Satabdi
Published: March 2021

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) act mainly on peripheral pain mechanisms and on the central nervous system to raise the pain threshold. Their usage is widespread and many of these drugs are available over-the-counter (OTC) and hence self-medicated and abused. Drugs and Cosmetics Act is quiescent on this issue. Literature review has shown that, nimesulide, a preferential COX-2 inhibitor group of NSAID is notorious to produce hepatic and renal damage besides gastric mucosal injury which surpass its benefits. Here a case has been reported on life-threatening condition faced on cumulative over-consumption of this OTC drug. A young female was admitted with sudden onset of abdominal pain, fever and vomiting. On examination, findings were almost within normal limit whether laboratory investigation over 2 successive days of admission revealed hyponatraemia, hypokalaemia, severe anaemia, deranged renal and liver function tests, nephrolithiasis in USG and sepsis without detection of any septic foci. The patient was managed conservatively with broad spectrum antibiotics besides supportive management. Nephrological and surgical consultation was taken alongwith. Upon being ambulatory and parameters on reaching to normal value, the patient was discharged following fortnight of hospitalization. Easy accessibility of OTC drugs even at online pharmacy is increasing the burden of iatrogenic ill-health to a great extent. If necessary steps are implemented for appropriate self-medication by Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) that might save Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), health resources and thousands of lives.
Peribulbar block with intravenous general anaesthesia in community squint camps
Authors: Bijlani Manisha S. , Bijlani Madhavi S. , Jhamwar Madhusudhan B. , Joshi Milind A. , Bijlani Subhash K.
Published: March 2021

Squint is a common problem affecting about 7% of the population, which can be corrected by various methods like refraction, orthoptics or surgery.1 Surgery involves lengthening and shortening of individual muscles or pair of muscles to achieve cosmetically straightened eyes and binocular vision. If not treated for a long time can lead to amblyopia. However, many misconceptions are prevalent in the general public regarding the treatment modalities. Lack of awareness, surgical facilities, expertise and cost of treatment leaves these patients unattended
Gender Budgeting: Lecciones para los países de América Central y República Dominicana
Authors: Parro Francisco , Valencia Arana Oscar , Zentner Joaquín
Published: March 2021

La desigualdad de género es una realidad en la mayoría de las regiones del mundo, particularmente en los países en desarrollo (Banco Mundial, 2018). A su vez, la evidencia empírica nos muestra que el cierre de brechas de género contribuye significativamente al crecimiento económico (Dollar y Gatti, 1999; Klasen, 2002; Barro y Sala-i-Martin, 2003; Abu-Ghaida y Klasen, 2004; Klasen y Lamanna, 2009; Thévenon et al., 2012; entre otros). Existen varios factores que impactan las desigualdades de género. Por ejemplo, las transformaciones estructurales de los países promueven sectores en los cuales mujeres y hombres exhiben distintas ventajas comparativas (Galor y Weil, 1996; Ngai y Petrongolo, 2017). Factores culturales desencadenan discriminaciones arbitrarias en el mercado laboral (Bertrand y Duflo, 2016). Algunas regulaciones laborales promueven el empleo femenino a través de diferentes canales (Albagli y Rau, 2018). También existen diversos ejemplos de cómo elementos de la política fiscal recaen asimétricamente entre mujeres y hombres (Greenspun y Lustig, 2015). Esto último, motiva el interés por analizar la forma en que distintos aspectos del proceso presupuestario de los países impactan las brechas de género, originando así el enfoque de gender budgeting. Este capítulo describe y discute dicho enfoque y extrae lecciones de política para los países CID.
Research Insights: How Much Do We Trust Others in Latin America and the Caribbean?: The Role of Inequality and Perceptions
Authors: Scartascini Carlos , Valle Luna Joanna
Published: March 2021

Inclusive growth requires high levels of trust, both among individuals and in institutions, and trust is shaped by a variety of factors, including the distribution of income and wealth. This is problematic when that distribution is not perceived as legitimate. Latin America and the Caribbean has traditionally been a highly unequal region. Inequality might be associated with lower trust because it reflects an unequal distribution of power, as those at the top can use the states coercive power to benefit themselves at the expense of others. Inequality nonetheless tends to be wrongly estimated, as most people do not accurately estimate their countrys income and wealth distribution, or their position within.
Utilising Urban Gamification for Sustainable Crime Prevention in Public Spaces: A Citizen Participation Model for Designing Against Vandalism
Authors: Mohammed Ahmed Mohammed Sayed , Hirai Yasuyuki
Published: March 2021

In order to create secured urban spaces, public safety need to be considered as the duty of citizens as well as official authorities. Therefore, this research focuses on the social environment of public spaces and how to encourage citizens to take prompt actions to detect, report and deter any illegal activities. Moreover, graffiti is considered as the most common type of vandalism worldwide that threatens not only our public and private properties, but also our social environment. In order to resolve the problem of graffiti, this research examines current citizen participation model applied by different stakeholders in Fukuoka City in Japan. Current model has been illustrated based on several in-depth interviews conducted with different stakeholders and citizens in Fukuoka City. Then, a new model has been proposed based on urban gamification to encourage more citizens to act as passive observers in public spaces. Proposed model has been evaluated by local communities and city hall to understand its potentials. This research found out that proposed model has the potentials to encourage more citizens to be part of the solution by being more active in public spaces. However, few obstacles regarding budget and administration might stand in the way of achieving such a concept.
Green and Safety School Regional Program to Sustainable Development Using Limited Traffic Zone
Authors: Russo Francesco , Calabrò Tommaso , Iiritano Giuseppe , Pellicanò Domenica Savia , Petrungaro Giovanna , Trecozzi Maria Rosaria
Published: March 2021

The traffic around the schools is one of the worst events for sustainability. The effects are heavy for pollution, for safety deriving from multiplied walk-car cross, for autonomy reduced for student. This paper discusses on Green and Safety School program that realizes Limited Traffic Zones (LTZ) around the schools. Calabria Region has made political and technical decisions oriented towards sustainable development, according to international, European and national targets: by Regional Transportation Plan (RTP), the Region has implemented several ways for realization of the planned measures relative to the urban centres defined by Action 2 Urban areas; by School Plan and program the Region has invested to reduce the vulnerability of school building. The aim of Green and Safety School program is offering a new and never developed field for social, economic and environmental sustainability in urban areas and to propose a strategy for traffic control near schools from basic considerations regarding a problem common of all cities around the world. This program derives from the results obtained with two different previously implemented programs: one relative to the rebuild of school who reduce risk (Scuola Sicura) and another one to the City logistics (leaving from RTP). From an advanced synthesis of these 2 programs born the very new use of LTZ. Green and Safety School is oriented to guarantee green areas and to reduce risk outside school. Even if the program leaves before COVID-19, it assumes significant importance to guarantee social distancing.
Influence of Buoyant Forces on Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) Blood Flow with an Interaction of Thermal Radiation
Authors: Senapati Madhusudan , Parida Sampada Kumar
Published: March 2021

In this study, the heat and mass transfer of the blood flow, particularly in a capillary tube having a porous lumen and permeable wall in the presence of external magnetic field are considered. The velocity, temperature and concentration of blood flow become unsteady due to the time dependence of the stretching velocity, surface temperature and surface concentration. The thermal and mass buoyancy effect on blood flow, heat transfer and mass transfer are taken into account in the presence of thermal radiation. This analysis is very much useful in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. The equations governing the flow under some assumptions are complex in nature, but capable of presenting the realistic model of blood flow using the theory of boundary layer approximation and similarity transformation. First, the system of coupled partial differential equations (PDEs) is converted into a system of coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Then the solutions are obtained by Runge-Kutta method of 4thorder with shooting technique. The effects of various parameters such as Hartman number, radiation parameter, unsteadiness parameter, permeable parameter, thermal buoyancy parameter, Prandtl number, mass buoyancy parameter, velocity slip parameter, thermal slip parameter, Schmidt number on velocity, temperature, concentration, skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are depicted through graphs. Local Sherwood number enhances because of increase in Schmidt number. Moreover, some of the important results, which are discussed in the present study and have an impact on diseases like hyperthermia, stoke and moyamoya in human body.
Hybrid Reweighted Optimization Method for Gridless Direction of Arrival Estimation in Heteroscedastic Noise Environment
Authors: Alabideen Lama Zien , Al-Dakkak Oumayma , Khorzom Khaldoun
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we present a hybrid optimization framework for gridless sparse Direction of Arrival (DoA) estimation under the consideration of heteroscedastic noise scenarios. The key idea of the proposed framework is to combine global and local minima search techniques that offer a sparser optimizer with boosted immunity to noise variation. In particular, we enforce sparsity by means of reformulating the Atomic Norm Minimization (ANM) problem through applying the nonconvex Schatten-p quasi-norm (0<p<1) relaxation. In addition, to enhance the adaptability of the relaxed ANM in more practical noise scenarios, it is combined with a covariance fitting (CF) criterion resulting in a locally convergent reweighted iterative approach. This combination forms a hybrid optimization framework and offers the advantages of both optimization approaches while balancing their drawbacks. Numerical simulations are performed taking into account the configuration of co-prime array (CPA). The simulations have demonstrated that the proposed method can maintain a high estimation resolution even in heteroscedastic noise environments, a low number of snapshots, and correlated sources.
Investigation of nikel(II) complexing with 2,6-dimerkapto-4-methilphenol and aminophenols
Authors:   Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University, Kuliev Kerim Avaz oglu , Mamedova Shafa Aga qizi ,   Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University, Efendiyeva Naiba Nasraddin qizi ,   Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University
Published: March 2021

Complexing of nickel(II) with 2,6-dimercapto-4-methylphenol (DMMP) and hydrophobic amines was studied using physicochemical methods. Hydroxyl-containing amines-aminophenols (AP) were used as a hydrophobic amine. On the part of aminophenols, 2 (N, N-dimethylaminomethyl)-4-methylphenol (AP1), 2 (N, N-dimethylaminomethyl)-4-chlorophenol (AP2), and 2 (N, N-dimethylaminomethyl)-4-bromophenol (AP3) were used. Mixed-ligand complexes were formed in a weakly acidic medium (pHopt 4.6–6.4). Ni(II) is recovered by chloroform by 98.6–99.5% in the form of a mixed-ligand complex (MLC) per single extraction. The optimal conditions for the formation and extraction of these compounds are 1.12 × 10-3 mol/L concentration of DMMP and 0.88 × 10-3 mol/L – AP. Changing the concentration of the reagents does not change the composition of the complexes. MLC of Ni(II) with DMMP and AP are stable in aqueous and organic solvents and do not decompose within three days and for more than a month after extraction. The ratio of reacting components in MLC corresponds to Ni (II): DMMP : AP = 1 : 2 : 2. in the formation of MLC, the coordinating ion is Ni2+. Complexing proceeds with the displacement of a proton from a DMMP molecule. Maximum light absorption is observed at λ = 520–530 nm. The molar coefficients of light absorption are (3.78-3.95) × 10 4. Based on the obtained data photometric methods for the determination of nickel in various industrial and natural objects were developed.
Instrumento para evaluar la comunicación interna en las micro y pequeñas empresas, caso zona Bají­o- México
Authors: Villalobos Escobedo Aglaé
Published: March 2021

Derivado de la problemática de medir la Comunicación Interna(CI) en las micro y pequeñas empresas, se expone un instrumentovalidado de CI. El instrumento considera cuatro dimensiones;comunicación vertical, horizontal, descendente y barreras enel proceso de comunicación y en ellas se clasifican 23í­tems.Se concluye que la CI es un medio por el cual estas empresas,podrán gestionar la comunicación, ser más competitivos yobtener beneficios en los resultados financieros.
AGRADECIMIENTOS
Authors: Valadez Hegler Rebeca del Carmen
Published: March 2021

El desarrollo de la ciencia y tecnología suponen en nuestros tiempos la oportunidad de generar mejores condiciones y oportunidades para optimizar recursos, definir tiempos con mayor precisión, tener cosas que antes eran imposibles, al alcance de nuestras manos, redefinir destinos o situar lo que antes no se podía, de una manera más ágil y precisa.Sin embargo, esto no es suficiente sin el talento humano, ya que es el talento humano quien hace que sucedan las cosas, y que los grandes avances del desarrollo científico y tecnológico sean posibles y rindan frutos, prueba de ello es este octavo número de la Revista Upgto Management Review (UMR), que de manera concisa, transparente y precisa en esta nueva entrega cuatrimestral nos comprueba una vez más porqué la mentefactura no se debe omitir del quehacer diario.
Estudio econométrico del crecimiento económico de México, para el periodo de 1994 a 2017, en función de nueve variables explicativas.
Authors: Quiroga Juárez Christian Arturo
Published: March 2021

Localización: Cortazar, Guanajuato México, ISSN Electrónico 2007-977X, No. 9 (Septiembre - Diciembre), 2018, págs. 1 - 14Idioma: EspañolTitulos paralelos:ECONOMETRIC STUDY OF MEXICO’S ECONOMIC GROWTH FROM 1994 TO 2017, EXPLAINED BY NINE EXPLANATORY VARIABLESResumen:El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar el crecimiento económico de México en función de nueve variables explicativas. Los datos usados son anuales provenientes del Banco mundial, Infosel, OCDE, Inegi y Banxico. El análisis se realizó con un modelo econométrico cuyos resultados pudiesen apoyar el establecimiento de polí­ticas públicas orientadas a resolver el grave problema de la polarización económica.Palabras clave: Crecimiento económico, Econometrí­a, Finanzas públicas, Economí­a Polí­tica de México, Métodos multivariados. Abstract: The objective of this research is quantify the determinants of Mexico’s economic growth. The data bases used were World Bank, Infos el, OECD, Inegi and Banxico’s platform respectively. Then an econometric model was constructed (this model includes 9 variables). The results obtained will support the establishment of policies and allocation of public resources for decrease economic polarization.  Keywords: Economic growth, Econometrics, Public finances, Political economy of Mexico, Multivariate methods.
Aspectos fundamentales para fortalecer la Phrónesis (ΦΡΌΝΗΣΙΣ) del gerente de proyecto idóneo y apto para el siglo XXI
Authors: Tarantino-Curseri Salvatore
Published: March 2021

Localización: Cortazar, Guanajuato México, ISSN Electrónico 2007-977X, No. 9 (Septiembre - Diciembre), 2018, págs. 1 - 20
Idioma: Español
Titulos paralelos:
FUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS TO STRENGTHEN THE PHRONESIS (ΦΡΌΝΗΣΙΣ) OF THE PROJECT MANAGER, SUITABLE AND COMPETENT FOR THE 21ST CENTURY
Resumen:
La areté (excelencia) gerencial de todo Gerente de Proyecto, le exige la progresiva ampliación de su Sophia (sabidurí­a intelectual-teórica) a fin de lograr la mejora continua de su Phronesis (sabidurí­a práctica), de esta forma, usando el principio de Symplokíª (interdisciplinariedad), como hilo conductor, en el presente artí­culo se definirá el termino Phrónesis, se colocará el acepto en la Razón y la Cognición, se hablará sobre la longeva incomunicabilidad entre las disciplinas y el necesario principio de Symplokíª, se hablará sobre las «apropiaciones» de Descartes y su Méthode, finalizando con una disertación donde se señalará la postura que debe tomar todo Gerente de Proyecto, concluyendo que el fortalecimiento de la Phrónesis tiene su génesis en la eterna ampliación de la Sophia y así­, el constructo Sophia + Phrónesis, conforma el antí­doto para combatir los embates de la ola ultra-competitiva en la que está inmerso el Gerente de Proyecto del siglo XXI.
Palabras clave: Cognición, verdad, incomunicabilidad, symploké, bonae mentis.
Abstract: The manager's arete (excellence) of every Project Manager requires the progressive enlargement of his Sophia (intellectual-theoretical wisdom) in order to achieve the continuous improvement of his PhronÄ“sis (practical wisdom), in this way, using the principle of Symplokíª (interdisciplinarity), as the guiding thread, in this article the term Phronesis will be defined, acceptance will be placed in Reason and Cognition, the long-term incommunicability between the disciplines will be discussed, and the necessary Symplokíª principle will be discussed. appropriations "of Descartes and his Méthode, ending with a dissertation where the position that should be taken by all Project Managers, concluding that the strengthening of Phronesis has its genesis in the eternal expansion of the Sophia and thus, the Sophia + Phronesis construct, forms the antidote to combat the ravages of the ultra-competitive wave in which the Project Manager of the 21st century is immersed.
Keywords: Cognition, truth, incommunicability, symploké, bonae mentis.
“Nacer mujer es el mayor castigo”: sobre lo femenino en La Casa de Bernarda Alba de Federico García Lorca
Authors: Jamka Anna
Published: March 2021

¿Qué es ser mujer? ¿Se pueden sacar conclusiones vigentes acerca de la condición femenina sobre la base de una obra concebida en unas circunstancias completamente diferentes de las de ahora? Con el fin de responder a estas preguntas, en el presente estudio se analizarán tres protagonistas de La casa de Bernarda Alba de Federico García Lorca: María Josefa, Bernarda y Adela. Las representantes de tres generaciones de mujeresque han vivido y seguirán haciéndolo sin una autoridad masculina a la cual deberían corresponderse estudiarán tomando en cuenta tanto su rol y lugar en la casa y en la dinámica familiar (abuela – madre – hija/hermana) como sus motivaciones y pasiones desde el punto de vista de la teoría de la dominación masculina de Pierre Bourdieu.
¿La infancia perdida o la adultez rechazada? Juegos metaficcionales y diálogo en El libro de Ana de Carmen Boullosa
Authors: Gryglaszewska Anna
Published: March 2021

El artículo trata de la novela El libro de Ana de Carmen Boullosa, la cual alude a la obra de León Tolstói. En primer lugar, la autora del texto se basa en la teoría del apego de Mary Ainsworth y de John Bowlby a la hora de explicar los motivos por los cuales Ana Karenina abandona a su hijo. En segundo lugar, analiza juegos metaficcionales presentes en el libro de la escritora mexicana.
Vulnerability of Temperate Fruit Production to Climate Change: Adaptation and Mitigation Measures: A Review
Authors: . Rimpika , Sharma D.P. , . Ajender
Published: March 2021

Climate change refers to a statistically significant variation in either the mean state of the climate or in its variability, persisting for an extended period (typically decades or longer). As per United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), change of climate is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time period. The earth’s climate, although relatively stable over the past 10,000 years or so, has always been changing, mainly due to natural causes such as volcanic activity. However, since the second half of 20th century more rapid change has taken place, which has been attributed mainly due to human activities. Plausible climate change scenarios include higher temperatures, changes in precipitation, and higher atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Temperate region of the country, comprising mainly north-west and north east Himalayan region has witnesses a dramatic change in climate over the past 30 years, where adverse effect of climate change on temperate fruit production has been noticed. The carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulpherdioxide, etc. form greenhouse gas (GHG) pools in the atmosphere. Increase in the concentration of these gases is responsible for global climate change. According to Inter Governmental Panel on climate Change (IPCC), the climate is defined as the average weather, or more rigorously, as the statistical description of the weather in terms of the mean and variability of relevant quantities over periods of several decades (typically three decades as defined by Meteorological Organization). These quantities are most often surface variables such as temperature, precipitation, and wind, but in a wider sense the climate is the description of the state of the climate system. Global climate change and increasing climatic variability are recently considered a huge concern worldwide due to enormous emissions of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere and its more apparent effect on fruit crops because of its perennial nature. The changed climatic parameters affect the crop physiology, biochemistry, floral biology, biotic stresses like disease pest incidence, etc. and ultimately resulted to the reduction of yield and quality of fruit crops. So, it is big challenge to the scientists of the world. Mitigation is the most important measures to reduce the devastating effect of climate change.
Field-based Screening and Haplotyping of J Locus for Long Juvenile Trait in Tropical Soybean Genotypes
Authors: Sapey Enoch , Fang Yudong , Khojely Dalia Mohamedkheir , Song Wenwen , Jiang Bingjun , Yuan Shan , Sun Shi , Han Tianfu
Published: March 2021

Background: The long juvenile trait influences flowering time of soybean under tropical conditions. The trait ensures sufficient vegetative growth prior to flowering. The present study aimed at identifying tropical soybean genotypes with the long juvenile trait and harboring the loss-of-function alleles for the J gene and verifying the effect of loss-of-function alleles on the long juvenile trait. Methods: A total of 159 soybean genotypes were evaluated on the field for two years in tropical city of Sanya, Hainan Islands, China for days to beginning bloom (VE-R1), days to physiological maturity (VE-R7), nodes/plant, pods/plant and plant height at maturity. The full length of the J gene was cloned in the 159 soybean genotypes. The sequence data was subjected to haplotype analysis to determine the genotypes with the functional and loss of function alleles. Result: Significant differences (p less than 0.05) were observed among genotypes for all phenotypic traits. 53 genotypes were identified with delayed flowering based on the phenotypic data. Sequence comparison of the 159 genotypes identified 10 polymorphisms comprising 7 SNPs and three deletions in the coding sequences, the three deletions resulted in the loss of function of the J gene. Six genotypes with delayed flowering had the loss-of-function alleles of the J gene.
Food loss and waste in food services from educational institutions in Costa Rica
Authors: Brenes-Peralta Laura Patricia , Rojas-Vargas Julián , Monge-Fernández Yanory , Jiménez-Morales María Fernanda , Arguedas-Camacho Manrique , Hidalgo-Viquez Cindy , Peña-Vásquez Marcela , Vásquez-Rodríguez Blanca
Published: March 2021

One-third of the worldwide food production is lost or wasted, generating impacts in the food systems. However, data indicates that one in nine people suffer from undernourishment or shortage of food in the world. Furthermore, this problem generates adverse impacts in the environment and the economy. Costa Rica is not exempt from this phenomenon; therefore, in compliance with target 12.3 of the Sustainable Development Goals, the country initiated actions through the Costa Rican Food Loss and Waste Reduction Network and one of its members, the Costa Rican Network of Sustainable Educational Institutions (REDIES). This latter committed itself to quantify the food loss and waste (FLW) in the canteens from a pilot group of their members. The objective of this case study was to determine the FLW in the restaurants of five institutions to generate data experience that allows to create indicators and useful information in the search for strategies against food waste. The amount of FLW was measured using the standardized methodology explained in the Guide for this purpose, published by the Costa Rican Network. In general terms, most FLW in this case study comes from the amount of food leftovers. Consequently, it is concluded and recommended to focus on awareness campaigns, quality and portioning to address the issue, and to consider that each institution must place emphasis through its reduction plan with respect to the findings generated in each food service or canteen.
Impacto ambiental de diferentes sectores productivos de Costa Rica
Authors: Arce-Villalobos Kelvin , Arias-Castro Alejandro , Hernández-Ugalde Karina , Mora-Barrantes Jose Carlos , Sánchez-Gutiérrez Rolando
Published: March 2021

La Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental (EIA) consiste en la identificación y valoración de los impactos potenciales de proyectos respecto a los componentes físicos, químicos, biológicos, culturales, económicos y sociales, con el fin de que mediante la planificación y la correcta toma de decisiones se desarrollen aquellas actuaciones más compatibles con el ambiente.  Además, representa un mecanismo acondicionado a la realidad global actual, que permite el control y seguimiento de la gestión ambiental de forma integral. A pesar de ser una temática ampliamente desarrollada, en múltiples ocasiones su aplicación no es comprendida a plenitud ante la pluralidad de sectores productivos que contempla su aplicación, entre otros aspectos. En Costa Rica, el proceso de evaluación ambiental lo fiscaliza la Secretaría Técnica Nacional Ambiental (SETENA); entre los instrumentos de fiscalización se dispone del formulario ambiental denominado “Formulario D-1”, en el cual, el futuro desarrollador de la obra, actividad o proyecto evidencia los impactos ambientales y sociales a generar por parte de la actividad a desarrollar. En el presente trabajo de investigación se desarrolló una evaluación del impacto ambiental de diferentes sectores productivos en Costa Rica a partir de formularios D-1 ingresados a la SETENA durante los años 2018 y 2019. En total se analizaron 125 formularios de futuros proyectos a desarrollar. El sector industrial denominado “Explotación de minas y canteras” presenta el mayor valor de impacto ambiental (271,27). Por su parte el sector industrial con menor valor de impacto ambiental (94,64) corresponde a “Electricidad, gas y agua”.
Caracterización de bioinsumos producidos artesanalmente en Nicaragua
Authors: O'Connor-Mendoza Johana , Páramo-Aguilera Leandro , Martínez-Laguna Griselda , Guillén-Rodríguez Laura
Published: March 2021

Para la caracterización microbiológica y molecular se aislaron e identificaron microorganismos cultivables de 4 bioinsumos comerciales provenientes del occidente y norte de Nicaragua. Esto involucró la tipificación morfológica a través de: tinción Gram para bacterias y observación de esporas para hongos filamentosos. Se realizó la extracción y secuenciación del ADN (gen ADNr 16S – bacterias, región ITS1- ITS4 hongos filamentosos) para obtener los arboles filogenéticos. Se logró la identificación molecular de 28 de 30 microorganismos aislados (23 bacterias: 12 especies, 11 géneros; 5 hongos filamentosos: 4 especies, 1 género). Encontrándose en los Bioisumos zona norte: muestra TS: 5 bacterias (Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus thuringiensis, 2 Bacillus sp. y Stenotrophomonas sp.) y 3 hongos filamentosos (Monascus pupureus, Neosartorya glabra y Aspergillus flavus- reportado como patógeno para cultivos); muestra LS: 6 bacterias (Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus sp., 2 Stenotrophomonas sp. y Paenibacillus sp.); muestra LL: 3 bacterias (Bacillus Megaterium, Staphylococcus succinus y Bacillus sp.) y 2 hongos filamentosos (Byssochlamys nívea – reportado como contaminante en fruta procesada y otro no identificado). Zona de occidente, muestra DCL: 9 bacterias (2 Lysinibacillus macroides, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus flexus, Bacillus cereus – patógeno para el ser humano, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, 2 Bacillus sp. y una Stenotrophomonas sp.) y 1 hongo levaduriforme no identificado molecularmente. Lo anterior muestra gran diversidad microbiana y la presencia de patógenos en los bioinsumos que son perjudiciales para la planta y el ser humano.
Producción de chile dulce en invernadero
Authors: Monge Pérez José Eladio , Loría-Coto Michelle
Published: March 2021

Se establecieron correlaciones de Pearson en chile dulce (Capsicum annuum) cv. FBM-9, cultivado bajo condiciones de invernadero, utilizando dos tipos de poda (española y holandesa), entre la densidad de siembra y las siguientes variables:  número de frutos por planta y por metro cuadrado, peso del fruto (g), y rendimiento total y comercial (ton/ha).  El cultivo se manejó con fertirrigación, en sustrato de fibra de coco.  Se presentaron 10 correlaciones de Pearson con significancia estadística (p≤0,05), en cuyo caso se obtuvieron las regresiones lineales.  Independientemente del tipo de poda, se obtuvo una correlación significativa entre la densidad de siembra y:  número de frutos de calidad de rechazo por planta (r = -0,55**); número de frutos de primera calidad por metro cuadrado (r = 0,58**); rendimiento total (r = 0,42*); rendimiento de primera calidad (r = 0,65**); y rendimiento comercial (r = 0,43*).  Además, únicamente para los tratamientos con poda española, se halló una correlación significativa entre la densidad de siembra y:  número de frutos de segunda calidad por planta (r = -0,59*); peso del fruto (r = 0,76**); y peso del fruto de primera calidad (r = 0,62*).  Se concluye que el uso de una mayor densidad de siembra es lo más beneficioso para los productores, desde el punto de vista económico.  Se recomienda ensayar densidades de siembra superiores a las incluidas en esta investigación (2,60-3,90 plantas/m2), para definir una densidad óptima.
Etnopedagogi Berlandaskan Nilai-Nilai Rumah Betang dalam Pembelajaran Sosiologi
Authors: Syahrin Alif Alfi , Mustika Bunga
Published: March 2021

Betang house is a traditional house of Dayak ethnicity which has various values that behavein life. Betang house values are part of the character of the Indonesian people so that theycan be implemented in sociology subjects based on ethnopedagogy.This research uses aliterature study method based on various relevant documents. The results of this studyindicate that in implementing the values of betang houses in class X, XI and XI materials canmake students have character that is sourced from the values of local wisdom in their area,especially in West Kalimantan Province.Furthermore, the use of learning models in sociologysubjects is the use of learning models that are tailored to each material taught to studentssuch as the material in class X and XII used models of lecture and discussion learning.Whilethe class XI material uses the role playing learning model in material about community andmulticultural groups as an effort to provide students with an understanding of local wisdomand efforts to revitalize the values of the Betang house towards social life.
Analisis Pengaruh Jumlah Penduduk Perempuan Terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia
Authors: Risdiana Faraniena Yunaeni
Published: March 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of the female population on the human development index in the province of East Java in 2017. This study uses quantitative methods with data collection techniques used are secondary data from the East Java Central Statistics Agency. From the research results it can be concluded that the total female population has almost no influence on the Human Development index. The human development index can be increased by improving the health sector, the economic sector and the education sector through the role of women, because the number of women population is almost the same as the number of men.
Barriers to digitalization. Review of the book “Priklyucheniya tekhnologii: bar'ery tsifrovizatsii v Rossii” [The Adventures of Technologies: Barriers to Digitalization in Russia]
Authors: Skazochkin Aleksandr
Published: March 2021

The monograph under review presents the results of a study of barriers of various natures that arise during the implementation of several information projects - the development of unmanned vehicles, testing information programs in the IT sphere, interaction of people with a robot-operator of the help desk, behavior of social network users, and the creation of a turnstile system in transport. Another big topic of the book is the problems of the decision-making process for the development of technologies in a complex, heterogeneous socio-cultural environment, created by teams of different specialists, bearers of different managerial and technical cultures. To obtain information about the objects of research, indepth interviews, media materials, speeches of project leaders and engineers at public events were used, elements of a systematic analysis of the project progress were presented. It is emphasized that the objectively existing internal contradictions of mixed-type teams, in the presence of barriers-sets of tensions, can lead to a revision of the progress of information projects. Along with the barriers of a technological and managerial nature, some of the stress barriers are of a psychological and sociocultural nature. It is noted that the problems-barriers studied in the book can be analogs of “contradictions” in the methodology of the theory of inventive problem solving. The experience gained by the team of authors can be in demand for the implementation of digital projects of a large scale, for example, when carrying out the digital transformation of state-owned companies.
Passport and Citizenship: Nation-Building or Nation-Destruction?
Authors: Lomonosov Matvey
Published: March 2021

The growing interest in migration, citizenship, and nationalism among scientists has led in the last two decades to the formation of an interdisciplinary field of critical passport studies. Initially passport scholars were following the institutionalist approach to nationalism, as well as the theories of disciplinary regime and surveillance society. Thus they were focusing on how this travel document together with the associated institutional infrastructure, administrative and social practices have been used in developing modern nation-states by forging the physical, social and cultural boundaries of the nation and disciplining the citizens. More recently, an increasing number of scholars have been investigating the grassroot forms of the perceptions and practices of passport use. Their studies reveal how passports and passes can help citizens in navigating the attempts of nation-states to “bind” their own populations, as well as in subverting a citizenship regime that looks to involve citizens into national projects and socially exclude non-citizens. The review of critical literature on the passport allows us to conclude that the multidimensional nature of this document enables different social actors to involve it in both nation-building and nation-destruction. In light of this literature we can recognize the weakening of the link between citizenship and nation-state, and the fact that citizenship and civic consciousness are currently being produced by various actors at different societal levels.
The Origins of Emancipation and Feminism in 19th Century India: Bengalese Experience
Authors: Skorokhodova Tatiana
Published: March 2021

The development of feminism and women’s emancipation in colonial India shows various trajectories and inner sources of the process within the regions occupied by a ‘larger society’ going through modernization. The first variant appeared in colonial Bengal — a peripheral region relative to the center of Brahminical order and a place where Indian and Western culture conjoined back in the 18–19th centuries. A system of rigid constraints of women’s freedom and rights emerged within the local patriarchal society, especially in the high strata, coming from a perspective of ritual purity and men’s ‘safety’. Women themselves were bearers of traditional consciousness with stereotypes and prejudices, and they were deprived the possibility to take part in their destinies as well as social life outside of a family. Based on the works of social reformers and intellectuals, the author describes the Bengalese variant of the origins of feminism and emancipation. The primary social actor of the process was the male feminist, who publicly proclaimed ideas of women’s rights and tried to improve the lives of women through reforms. The reformatory movements led by leaders from Rammohun Roy to Keshubchandra Sen turned out to be the first wave of the emancipation process; their activity promoted the circumstances for family and social emancipatory practices. The second wave was associated with women finally becoming active and starting to speak for themselves. The main factors that stimulated their activeness were literacy and education, along with support of their aspirations of behalf of men.
European Union in Counter-Crisis Competition of Power Centers: Potential, Realities, Hopes
Authors: Voronov K.
Published: March 2021

Despite the crisis, the economy of the European Union remains to be the largest in the world. The economic mechanism of the EU is rather differentiated. It has a great historical experience and possesses sufficient evolutionary robustness. Currently, the former relationships between the EU and the USA undergo substantial changes and new forms emerge. For both of them the greatest challenge is presented by China which in recent decades shows the solid rates of GDP growth. Supposedly, Chines economy will become the world largest on in the new future. Under such conditions the Old World has to conduct a persistent search for new sources of its successful macroeconomic growth.
«Nuclear Alarms» at Korean Peninsula
Authors: Fenenko A.
Published: March 2021

During the last twenty years Washington has used the “counter-proliferation strategy” in Korean Peninsula. The Americans demanded that North Korea eliminate its nuclear arsenals and plutonium production facilities under the watchful eye of the “five powers’ commission” or the IAEA. Pyongyang's recent military provocation may now raise the specter of the United States or even South Korea delivering non-nuclear strikes against its nuclear facilities. That would give the USA an opportunity to raise the question of whether certain regimes should be allowed to acquire nuclear weapons or even to develop nuclear fuel cycle capacity. The last crises demonstrated that under certain circumstances North Korea could also initiate a military conflict in East Asia.
Challenges of Global Crisis. Italy
Authors: Semenenko I. , Labinskaya I.
Published: March 2021

A new stage has been reached in assessing new global trends. It is necessary to evaluate the West’s experience and its adaptability to the rest of the world. This journal begins a series of publications analyzing some of the leading states. For a starter, we offer contemporary Italy. Participants of the seminar are well-known scholars working at the Institute of World Economy and International Relations I. Semenenko and K. Kholodkovskiy (the main speakers), N. Goffe, N. Kisovskaya, A. Avilova.
Road Map of BRICS Countries Investment Cooperation
Authors: Kheifets B.
Published: March 2021

The issues of the BRICS countries economic cooperation activation are examined in the article in the context of their investment cooperation which produces a synergetic effect inducing the increase in trade and other economic interconnections. The present state of this cooperation and existing problems in the field are analyzed. To improve the investment cooperation effectiveness it is suggested to work out the relevant Road Map for BRICS, also some specific aspects of such work are suggested.
Military Budget of the USA
Authors: Faramazyan R.
Published: March 2021

The new US Military Doctrine adopted early January 2012 highlights the endeavor to preserve the military technical superiority to other nations, to extend on a priority basis key investments in new technologies and the ability to adapt and mobilize them when necessary.
World. Challenges of Global Crisis (UK)
Authors: Semenenko I. , Labinskaya I.
Published: March 2021

The next in the series of essays dealing with trends and prospects of social/ political transformation of the West in the context of the existing crisis is a publication devoted to Great Britain. It was prepared at a workshop of the Center of Comparative Social/Economic and Social/Political Research at IMEMO. The first speakers are E. Khesin focusing on the British economy, and S. Peregudov dealing with changes in Great Britain’s political system. K. Kholodkovskii, G. Vainshtein, I. Semenenko (IMEMO), E. Ananieva (The Institute of Europe) are taking part in the discussion.