bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La estructura sistemática del tesauro: indicadores para evaluar su calidad
Authors: Martínez Ana M. , Ristuccia Cristina A. , Stubbs Edgardo A. , Valdez Julia C. , Gamba Viviana L. , Mendes Paola V. , Unzurrunzaga Carolina , Caminotti María L.
Published: March 2011

Se proponen cuatro indicadores para evaluar la calidad de la estructura sistemática del tesauro, considerando que las especificaciones incluidas en las normas para su diseño y desarrollo, así como los principios de la teoría de la clasificación son los requisitos de calidad que deben alcanzar las características inherentes de los tesauros. Las características que no cumplen con dichos requisitos se consideran no conformidades. Se proponen cuatro indicadores para medir las no conformidades, que fueron probados en tres tesauros en español (DeCS, Spines y Tesauro de la Unesco). Los resultados, que constituyen no conformidades, fueron: 1) Porcentaje de términos preferentes que representan más de un concepto: 10,8 % para DeCS, 7,3 % Spines y 10,9 % Unesco. 2) Porcentaje de términos preferentes que carecen de relación jerárquica: 0 DeCS, 1,4 % Spines y 1,1 % Unesco. 3) Porcentaje de términos preferentes con dos o más términos genéricos: 53,8 % DeCS, 14,9 % Spines, 0 Unesco. 4) Porcentaje de términos preferentes con un solo término específico: 13,5 % DeCS, 3,5 % Spines, 10,3 % Unesco. Se concluye que estos indicadores cumplen con los criterios de un buen indicador y pueden ser útiles para la evaluación de la calidad de la estructura sistemática del tesauro durante el proceso de diseño y desarrollo.
Evaluación ambiental de los fondos documentales de la biblioteca Tomás Navarro Tomás del CCHS-CSIC
Authors: Peña-Poza Javier , Félix Conde Juan , Palomar Teresa , Agua Fernando , García-Heras Manuel , Villegas M.ª Ángeles
Published: March 2011

El procedimiento más innovador de conservación preventiva de los fondos documentales de bibliotecas, especialmente los de carácter histórico, consiste en la evaluación de los parámetros ambientales que afectan negativamente a la conservación de los materiales implicados. La aplicación de sensores permite la monitorización completa, precisa y segura de las condiciones ambientales, predecir los mecanismos quimicofísicos de degradación y los procedimientos más adecuados para controlarlos. Los sensores de este estudio se prepararon por el procedimiento sol-gel y experimentan un cambio de color cuando varían los parámetros a evaluar. Todos los sensores son reversibles, regenerables y reutilizables.
Los parámetros evaluados han sido temperatura, humedad relativa, iluminación y acidez. En la primera etapa se utilizaron aparatos convencionales para determinar los intervalos críticos de variación de dichos parámetros. Posteriormente se diseñaron y prepararon sensores ópticos con sensibilidad en esos intervalos, se calibraron y se distribuyeron en las salas de los fondos documentales (aproximadamente 3.200 m2). La respuesta óptica de los sensores (cambio de color) se registró mediante espectrofotometría visible durante la primavera-verano de 2009. El uso de estos sensores presenta las siguientes ventajas: bajo coste, ausencia de cables y aparatos durante la exposición, pequeño tamaño, reversibilidad y tiempos cortos de respuesta. Los resultados han permitido conocer las condiciones ambientales de conservación de los fondos documentales, incluyendo la acidez ambiental que hasta ahora no es posible evaluar con los procedimientos convencionales disponibles.
Análisis de la producción científica sobre Gobierno Corporativo a través de ISI Web of Science
Authors: Richart-Ramón Alicia , Martínez-Blasco Mónica , García-Blandón Josep
Published: March 2011

El buen gobierno de las empresas constituye en la actualidad uno de los principales temas de investigación en el ámbito académico de economía y empresa. El interés del tema no es únicamente académico, si tenemos en cuenta el elevado número de códigos de buen gobierno promulgados durante los últimos años, o la responsabilidad atribuida a las cuestiones de gobierno empresarial en la actual crisis financiera. Este trabajo ha analizado 2.147 publicaciones sobre buen gobierno empresarial incluidas en la base de datos ISI Web of Science y sus correspondientes 79.635 referencias con el objetivo principal de identificar las pautas sobre las que se basa la investigación. En particular, hemos identificado las publicaciones y los autores más relevantes, los más productivos, las revistas en que se han publicado las investigaciones y las aproximaciones utilizadas para abordar el tema.
La biblioteca virtual especializada de los derivados de la caña de azúcar: consideraciones, experiencias y perspectivas
Authors: Hernández Curbelo Maby , Hurtado Vargas Rafael
Published: March 2011

En este trabajo se describen los resultados del proyecto de diseño e implementación de la biblioteca virtual especializada sobre los derivados de la caña de azúcar. Se abordan consideraciones, arquitectura de trabajo en ambiente de Internet y características básicas del software para la administración de su colección digital. Esta biblioteca es soporte para la investigación sobre los derivados de la caña de azúcar y constituye el paso inicial hacia la creación de un centro virtual especializado de información y conocimiento para el sector azucarero.
Comparison of transmissivities from MRS and pumping tests in Denmark
Authors: Ryom Nielsen M. , Hagensen T.F. , Chalikakis K. , Legchenko A.
Published: March 2011

In Denmark, hydrogeophysical mapping is performed intensively in accordance with the Danish Government’s environmental plans of ensuring a high quality drinking water supply. Previously the magnetic resonance sounding (MRS) method has been proven to improve the hydrogeological characterization from geophysical surface measurements in Denmark. In order to implement hydraulic parameters estimated from MRS together with hydraulic parameters obtained from pumping tests, it is necessary to analyse and compare the hydraulic parameters from the two data sources. These parameters are determined very differently with uncertainties arising from very different sources and the comparison requires an analysis in each specific case with attention on the investigated volumes.

Several comparisons of transmissivities from MRS and pumping tests in Denmark show that the pumping test transmissivity value corresponds to the MRS transmissivity accumulated over depth intervals determined by the screen position depth interval in the borehole. When specific determinations of these depth intervals are performed, very good correlation is obtained between transmissivities from MRS and pumping tests.

Comparisons of transmissivities from MRS and pumping tests will also lead to the determination of MRS calibration coefficients. MRS calibration is essential for quantitative use of MRS transmissivities. Sixteen calibration coefficients in different survey areas have been calculated. If these calibration coefficients can be categorized according to the different Danish survey locations and hydrogeological conditions in which they are obtained, these categorized calibration coefficients could be used in future MRS surveys without the need of calibrating with pumping tests in each survey. However, only a slight tendency of increasing calibration coefficient with increasing transmissivity and increasing grain size is observed. The present study shows that in general only little dispersion is observed around an average calibration coefficient for the different Danish survey locations and hydrogeological conditions.
Development of field techniques for improving MRS quality in shallow investigations
Authors: Díaz‐Curiel Jesús , Biosca Bárbara , Arévalo Lucía , Plata Juan L.
Published: March 2011

The application of magnetic resonance sounding (MRS) to near‐surface studies, especially in the vadose zone, requires a significant improvement in the signal‐to‐noise ratio. Small dimension loops with several turns must be used in order to achieve a high vertical and lateral resolution. This increases the loop impedance, limiting the current intensity and increasing the criticalness in the requirement to produce excitation pulses with a good shape.

Due to the high current intensity required to create the excitation field, the tuning system used in MRS equipment is achieved selecting the capacitance values amongst several fixed configurations in discrete steps that depend on the loop characteristics and the emission frequency. When the equipment works with high inductances, this procedure implies a wide range in the tuning frequency that corresponds to a given value of capacitance. For this reason, it is necessary to change other system characteristics in order to achieve an optimal resonance fitting to the Larmor frequency.

Moreover, a way to improve the excitation field in the very shallow zone of the subsurface and to achieve the dipolar approximation of the electromagnetic field of the loop in this zone, would be to increase the distance from the plane of the antenna to the surface of the ground.

In this paper, several processes that have been developed as an aid to optimize the recording parameters for shallow MRS investigations are presented: 1) a methodology to improve the tuning through an optimized configuration of the transmitter antenna is proposed, 2) a quantitative index has been derived to evaluate the quality of the excitation pulse, as an aid to decide whether the design of the antenna should be modified and 3) a portable and low‐cost device to lift the antenna above the ground has been designed and constructed in order to increase the excitation of shallower water.

These developments have been carried out using a NumisLITE Iris Instrument. Field experiments have shown the validity of the proposed theoretical and field techniques.
La nature juridique du sang
Authors: Baud Jean-Pierre
Published: March 2011

Contre la « vengeance du sang », une justice pénale tenant compte de l’intention s’installa un jour dans les sociétés humaines. Dans l’une de celles-ci, Rome, puis chez ses descendantes, l’être humain a été remplacé par un être immatériel, la personne. Le corps et le sang disparurent ainsi de la perspective des juristes. Mais lorsque le christianisme s’intégra au monde romain, il fit émerger un nouveau système normatif où le corps et le sang furent institués telles des valeurs essentielles. Le sang fut chargé d’une valeur mystique suprême par référence à la Passion du Christ. Le martyr, puis le croisé et enfin tout combattant pour une « juste cause » furent intégrés dans la mystique du sacrifice. Les donneurs de sang y prirent place naturellement, alors que le sang de la transfusion conservait une sacralité à laquelle les juristes furent si sensibles qu’ils préférèrent ne pas voir le sang et ne pas le nommer juridiquement, cécité et aphasie qui conduisirent nécessairement au drame.
CC and CXC Chemokines Induce Airway Smooth Muscle Proliferation and Survival
Authors: Halwani Rabih , Al-Abri Jehan , Beland Marianne , Al-Jahdali Hamdan , Halayko Andrew J. , Lee Tak H. , Al-Muhsen Saleh , Hamid Qutayba
Published: March 2011

The increase in airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass is a major structural change in asthma. This increase has been attributed to ASM cell (ASMC) hyperplasia and hypertrophy. The distance between ASMC and the epithelium is reduced, suggesting migration of smooth muscle cells toward the epithelium. Recent studies have suggested a role of chemokines in ASMC migration toward the epithelium; however, chemokines have other biological effects. The objective of the current study is to test the hypothesis that chemokines (eotaxin, RANTES, IL-8, and MIP-1α) can directly influence ASMC mass by increasing the rate of proliferation or enhancing the survival of these cells. Human ASMCs were exposed to different concentrations of eotaxin, RANTES, IL-8, or MIP-1α. To test for proliferation, matched control and stimulated ASMC were pulsed with [3H]thymidine, or ASMCs were stained with BrdU and then analyzed with flow cytometry. Apoptosis was measured using Annexin V staining and flow cytometry. Expression of phosphorylated p42/p44 and MAPKs was assessed by Western blot. In a concentration-dependent manner, chemokines including eotaxin, RANTES, IL-8, and MIP-1α increased ASMC’s [3H]thymidine incorporation and DNA synthesis. IL-8, eotaxin, and MIP-1α decreased the rate of apoptosis of ASMCs compared with the matched controls. A significant increase in phosphorylated p42/p44 MAPKs was seen after treating ASMCs with RANTES and eotaxin. Moreover, inhibition of p42/p44 MAPK phosphorylation reduced the level of chemokine-induced ASM proliferation. We conclude that chemokines might contribute to airway remodeling seen in asthma by enhancing the number and survival of ASMCs.
Sphingosylphosphorylcholine Stimulates CCL2 Production from Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
Authors: Lee Ha Young , Lee Sun Young , Kim Sang Doo , Shim Jae Woong , Kim Hak Jung , Jung Young Su , Kwon Jae Young , Baek Suk-Hwan , Chung Junho , Bae Yoe-Sik
Published: March 2011

Sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC) is a component of high-density lipoprotein particles. We investigated the functional role of SPC in HUVECs. SPC stimulation induced production of the CCL2 chemokine in a PTX-sensitive G-protein–dependent manner. SPC treatment caused the activation of NF-κB and AP-1, which are essential for SPC-induced CCL2 production, and induced the activation of three MAPKs, ERK, p38 MAPK, and JNK. Inhibition of p38 MAPK or JNK by specific inhibitors caused a dramatic decrease in SPC-induced CCL2 production. The Jak/STAT3 pathway was also activated upon SPC stimulation of HUVECs. Pretreatment with a Jak inhibitor blocked not only SPC-induced p38 MAPK and JNK activation, but also NF-κB and AP-1 activation. Our results suggest that SPC stimulates HUVECs, resulting in Jak/STAT3–, NF-κB–, and AP-1–mediated CCL2 production. We also observed that SPC stimulated expression of the adhesion molecule ICAM-1 in HUVECs. Our results suggest that SPC may contribute to atherosclerosis; therefore, SPC and its unidentified target receptor offer a starting point for the development of a treatment for atherosclerosis.
The Tachykinins Substance P and Hemokinin-1 Favor the Generation of Human Memory Th17 Cells by Inducing IL-1β, IL-23, and TNF-Like 1A Expression by Monocytes
Authors: Cunin Pierre , Caillon Antoine , Corvaisier Murielle , Garo Erwan , Scotet Mari , Blanchard Simon , Delneste Yves , Jeannin Pascale
Published: March 2011

The nervous system influences immune responses through the release of neural factors such as neuropeptides. Among them, the tachykinin substance P (SP) signals via the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK-1R), which is expressed by various immune cells. We thereby analyzed in this paper whether tachykinins may participate in human CD4+ Th cell polarization. We report that SP and hemokinin-1 (HK-1) upregulate IL-17A and IFN-γ production by human memory CD4+ T cells without affecting IL-4 and IL-10 production. SP and HK-1 switch non–Th17-committed CD4+ memory T cells into bona fide Th17 cells and Th1/Th17 cells. In contrast, SP and HK-1 do not modulate the polarization of naive CD4+ T cells. SP- and HK-1–induced Th17 cell generation is mediated through NK-1R and requires the presence of monocytes. SP and HK-1 trigger IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α production, upregulate IL-23 production, and enhance TNF-like 1A expression on monocyte surface. Neutralization experiments demonstrated that IL-1β, IL-23, and TNF-like 1A are involved in the SP- and HK-1–induced Th17 cell. The other members of the tachykinin family, neurokinins A and B, have no effect on the differentiation of naive and memory T cells. These results thereby show that SP and HK-1 are novel Th17 cell-inducing factors that may act locally on memory T cells to amplify inflammatory responses.
Translational Control of NKT Cell Cytokine Production by p38 MAPK
Authors: Nagaleekar Viswas K. , Sabio Guadalupe , Aktan Idil , Chant Alan , Howe Isaac W. , Thornton Tina M. , Benoit Patrick J. , Davis Roger J. , Rincon Mercedes , Boyson Jonathan E.
Published: March 2011

NKT cells are known to rapidly produce a large amount of cytokines upon activation. Although a number of signaling pathways that regulate the development of NKT cells have been identified, the signaling pathways involved in the regulation of NKT cell cytokine production remain unclear. In this study, we show that the p38 MAPK pathway is dispensable for the development of NKT cells. However, NKT cell cytokine production and NKT-mediated liver damage are highly dependent on activation of this pathway. p38 MAPK does not substantially affect cytokine gene expression in NKT cells, but it regulates the synthesis of cytokines through the Mnk–eIF4E pathway. Thus, in addition to gene expression, translational regulation by p38 MAPK could be a novel mechanism that contributes to the overall production of cytokine by NKT cells.
ADAM10 Overexpression Shifts Lympho- and Myelopoiesis by Dysregulating Site 2/Site 3 Cleavage Products of Notch
Authors: Gibb David R. , Saleem Sheinei J. , Kang Dae-Joong , Subler Mark A. , Conrad Daniel H.
Published: March 2011

Although the physiological consequences of Notch signaling in hematopoiesis have been extensively studied, the differential effects of individual notch cleavage products remain to be elucidated. Given that ADAM10 is a critical regulator of Notch and that its deletion is embryonically lethal, we generated mice that overexpress ADAM10 (ADAM10 transgenic [A10Tg]) at early stages of lympho- and myeloid development. Transgene expression resulted in abrogated B cell development, delayed T cell development in the thymus, and unexpected systemic expansion of CD11b+Gr-1+ cells, also known as myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Mixed bone marrow reconstitution assays demonstrated that transgene expression altered hematopoiesis via a cell-intrinsic mechanism. Consistent with previously reported observations, we hypothesized that ADAM10 overexpression dysregulated Notch by uncoupling the highly regulated proteolysis of Notch receptors. This was confirmed using an in vitro model of hematopoiesis via culturing A10Tg hematopoietic Lineage−Sca-1+c-Kit+ cells with OP-9 stromal cells in the presence or absence of Delta-like 1, a primary ligand for Notch. Blockade of the site 2 (S2) and site 3 (S3) cleavage of the Notch receptor demonstrated differential effects on hematopoiesis. OP9-DL1 cultures containing the ADAM10 inhibitor (S2 cleavage site) enhanced and rescued B cell development from wild-type and A10Tg Lineage−Sca-1+c-Kit+ cells, respectively. In contrast, blockade of γ-secretase at the S3 cleavage site induced accumulation of the S2 product and consequently prevented B cell development and resulted in myeloid cell accumulation. Collectively, these findings indicate that the differential cleavage of Notch into S2 and S3 products regulated by ADAM10 is critical to hematopoietic cell-fate determination.
Cytologic features of microcystic adnexal carcinoma
Authors: Sirikanjanapong Sasis , Seymour Andrew W. , Amin Bijal
Published: March 2011

Microcystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC) is an uncommon skin neoplasm with a predilection location around the lips. It is characterized by cords and nests of neoplastic cells forming ductular or glandular structures that are embedded in dense collagenous stroma. An eighty-seven year old Caucasian female patient presented with a painless, slowly enlarging mass measuring 3.3 × 2.7 × 1.0 cm on the lower lip for approximately 6 months. The patient underwent 2 fine needle aspiration biopsies (FNAs). Smears made from both FNAs demonstrated similar features including low cellular smears, three dimensional cell clusters forming a glandular structure, round to oval cells with high N:C ratio, occasional cytoplasmic lumens, without distinct hyperchromasia, focal inconspicuous nucleoli, smooth regular nuclear membranes, abundant naked nuclei, occasional squamoid cells and focal acellular stromal fragments in the background. The cytologic differential diagnosis included skin adnexal carcinoma and low grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma arising in the minor salivary gland. The mass was subsequently excised. The diagnosis of microcystic adnexal carcinoma was made. We report cytologic features of MAC and also suggest that MAC can possibly be diagnosed by FNA with the appropriate clinical vignette and immunohistochemical profile..
Solitary Tracheobronchial Papilloma: Cytomorphology and ancillary studies with histologic correlation
Authors: Lang Tee U. , Khalbuss Walid E. , Monaco Sara E. , Pantanowitz Liron
Published: March 2011

Solitary tracheobronchial papilloma (STBP) is a rare benign tumor that primarily involves the tracheobronchial tree. Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is associated with dysplasia and a high risk of carcinoma in these lesions. The cytomorphology of STBP is not well established in the literature. Our aim is to characterize the cytomorphologic features of STBP, with histologic correlation in a series of 6 patients — 4 males and 2 females — with a mean age of 67 years (range, 53-88 years). There were 5 biopsy-proven squamous papillomas and 1 glandular papilloma. On surgical biopsy, squamous papillomas exhibited cytological atypia (4 graded mild and 1 graded moderate with focal severe dysplasia), surface erosion, and inflammation. Cytology specimens available for review included a combination of 4 fine-needle aspirations (FNAs), 2 bronchoalveolar lavages and 2 (of 3) bronchial brushings. Cytologic findings associated with squamous papillomas included atypical squamous cells and rare squamous cell resembling koilocyte in 1 bronchial brushing. Sheets of squamous cells were identified in another specimen. Several cases had a prominent background of acute inflammation, and candida was present in 1 specimen. HPV in-situ hybridization was positive in 1 case and negative in 2 cases. A p16 immunocytochemical stain performed on 1 cell block was negative. In conclusion, although STBP is a rare neoplasm, these cases may be encountered in respiratory cytology samples. FNA of papillomas yields fewer lesional cells compared to exfoliative samples. These lesions may be mistaken in cytology specimens for squamous cell carcinoma, squamous-lined cavitary lesions, an infectious (fungal) process, reactive squamous metaplasia, or oral contamination.
Associations between Peripheral Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Parasitemia, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, and Concurrent Helminthic Infection among Pregnant Women in Malawi
Authors: Thigpen Michael C. , Filler Scott J. , Kazembe Peter N. , Parise Monica E. , Macheso Allan , Campbell Carl H. , Newman Robert D. , Steketee Richard W. , Hamel Mary
Published: March 2011

Approximately 2 billion persons worldwide are infected with schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthes (STH), many in areas where endemic malaria transmission coexists. Few data exist on associations between these infections. Nested within a larger clinical trial, primigravid and secundigravid women provided blood samples for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing and peripheral malaria films and stool and urine for evaluation of STH and Schistosoma spp. during their initial antenatal clinic visit. The most common parasitic infections were malaria (37.6%), S. haematobium (32.3%), and hookworm (14.4%); 14.2% of women were HIV-infected. S. haematobium infection was associated with lower malarial parasite densities (344 versus 557 parasites/μL blood; P < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, HIV and hookworm infection were independently associated with malaria infection (adjusted odds ratio = 1.9 and 95% confidence interval = 1.2–3.0 for HIV; adjusted odds ratio = 1.9 and 95% confidence interval = 1.03–3.5 for hookworm). Concurrent helminthic infection had both positive and negative effects on malaria parasitemia among pregnant women in Malawi.
Congenital Malaria in Calabar, Nigeria: The Molecular Perspective
Authors: Oduwole Olabisi A. , Ejezie G. C. , Odey Friday A. , Oringanje Chioma M. , Nwakanma Davis , Bello Segun , Oriero Eniyou , Okebe Joseph , Alaribe Anyawu A. , Etuk Saturday , Meremikwu Martin
Published: March 2011

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been shown to be more sensitive in detecting low-level parasitemia than conventional blood film microscopy. We estimated the prevalence of congenital malaria using nested PCR amplification of the small subunit 18S RNA gene to detect low-level parasitemia and identify Plasmodium species in 204 mother–neonate pairs. Cord-blood parasitemia was detected in four babies by PCR, giving a prevalence of 2.0%. The newborns of primidgravidae were more susceptible to congenital malaria than those of multigravidae (P < 0.0001). There was a strong correlation between placental malaria and congenital malaria (odds ratio = 10.1, 95% confidence interval = 1.3–76.1, P = 0.0487). We conclude that the prevalence of congenital malaria in Calabar detected by PCR is lower than has been reported in this environment through microscopy.
The Effect of Insecticide-Treated Mosquito Nets (ITMNs) on Japanese Encephalitis Virus Seroconversion in Pigs and Humans
Authors: Dutta Prafulla , Khan Siraj A. , Khan Abdul M. , Borah Jani , Sarmah Chandra K. , Mahanta Jagadish
Published: March 2011

The effect of insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITMNs) on Japanese Encephalitis (JE) virus seroconversion in pigs and humans was studied in Assam, Northeast India. A sharp reduction of seroconversion rate in human and pig was found in treated localities after intervention. A marked reduction was achieved in humans (risk ratio [RR] = 0.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.16–0.49) and pigs (RR = 0.21, CI = 0.11–0.40) in the Kollolua locality where ITMNs were used on both humans and pigs compared with the other two area, Athabari and Rajmai, where ITMNs were covering only either humans or pigs. Monitoring of the mosquito population in and around cattle sheds during dusk revealed no significant decline (P > 0.05) of vector density during the post-intervention period in study localities. In spite of the high preponderance of potential JE vector outdoors during the post-intervention period, an encouraging line of defense against circulation of JE virus through the use of ITMNs can be achieved in endemic areas.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Mortality in Patients Infected with Vibrio vulnificus
Authors: Lee Jun-Young , Kim Dong-Min , Yun Na Ra , Neupane Ganesh Prasad , Jung Sook-In , Park Kyung-Hwa , Jang Hee Chang , Lee Chang Seop , Lee Sun Hee
Published: March 2011

Serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was evaluated in Vibrio vulnificus-infected patients at admission. The median TNF-α concentration in the non-survivor group was determined to be 261.0 pg/mL, in contrast to 69.5 pg/mL in the survivor group (P = 0.001). Hence, serum TNF-α concentration may potentially be an early predictor of the mortality in patients with Vibrio septicemia.
Hemorrhagic Cerebrovascular Events and Neurocysticercosis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Viola George M. , White A. Clinton , Serpa Jose A.
Published: March 2011

Cerebrovascular complications have been reported to occur in patients with neurocysticercosis (NCC). We report a patient who presented with relapsed subarachnoid hemorrhage possibly linked to NCC. In addition, we performed a literature review of all of the reported cases of aneurysmal and non-aneurysmal hemorrhagic cerebrovascular events associated with NCC. We identified 11 such cases. The majority of the individuals were young males (mean: 38 years; 70% males). Four cases (36%) had aneurysms. Four (36%) others had negative cerebral angiograms and therefore classified as non-aneurysmal, while the remaining three (28%) did not report sufficient information to classify them. All cases with aneurysmal hemorrhage underwent successful surgical repair of the aneurysms. Seven patients received albendazole (including three who had had surgery). Three patients died; all three presented in the pre-albendazole era. In summary, neurocysticercosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hemorrhagic cerebrovascular events in young patients without classical vascular risk factors who have lived or visited NCC-endemic areas.
Anemia in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected and Uninfected Women in Rwanda
Authors: Masaisa Florence , Gahutu Jean Bosco , Mukiibi Joshua , Delanghe Joris , Philippé Jan
Published: March 2011

To determine the prevalence and risk factors of anemia among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected women in Rwanda and the influence of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on anemia, we analyzed 200 HIV-positive women and 50 HIV-negative women in a cross-sectional study. Clinical examinations and iron and vitamin B12 assays were performed, and complete blood counts, serum folic acid levels, and CD4 cell count determined. The prevalence of anemia was significantly higher among HIV-positive women (29%) than among HIV-negative women (8%) (P < 0.001). Risk factors for anemia were lower body mass index (odds ratio [OR] = 3.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.4–4.1), zidovudine use (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.01–1.29), lack of HAART (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.21–1.67), oral candidiasis (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.2–1.6), pulmonary tuberculosis (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.7–2.2), cryptococcal meningitis (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.21–1.8), Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.20–1.65) and CD4 lymphocyte count < 200 cells/μL (OR = 2.41, 95% CI = 2.01–3.07). The mean ± SD hemoglobin level of 10.9 ± 1.6 g/dL at HAART initiation significantly increased to 12.3 ± 1.5 g/dL in 8 months (P < 0.001). Anemia increases with HIV stage, and HAART is associated with a significant improvement in hemoglobin levels.
Health Economics of Dengue: A Systematic Literature Review and Expert Panel's Assessment
Authors: Beatty Mark E. , Beutels Philippe , Meltzer Martin I. , Shepard Donald S. , Hombach Joachim , Hutubessy Raymond , Dessis Damien , Coudeville Laurent , Dervaux Benoit , Wichmann Ole , Margolis Harold S. , Kuritsky Joel N.
Published: March 2011

Dengue vaccines are currently in development and policymakers need appropriate economic studies to determine their potential financial and public health impact. We searched five databases (PubMed, EMBASE, LILAC, EconLit, and WHOLIS) to identify health economics studies of dengue. Forty-three manuscripts were identified that provided primary data: 32 report economic burden of dengue and nine are comparative economic analyses assessing various interventions. The remaining two were a willingness-to-pay study and a policymaker survey. An expert panel reviewed the existing dengue economic literature and recommended future research to fill information gaps. Although dengue is an important vector-borne disease, the economic literature is relatively sparse and results have often been conflicting because of use of inconsistent assumptions. Health economic research specific to dengue is urgently needed to ensure informed decision making on the various options for controlling and preventing this disease.
Landscape and Residential Variables Associated with Plague-Endemic Villages in the West Nile Region of Uganda
Authors: MacMillan Katherine , Enscore Russell E. , Ogen-Odoi Asaph , Borchert Jeff N. , Babi Nackson , Amatre Gerald , Atiku Linda A. , Mead Paul S. , Gage Kenneth L. , Eisen Rebecca J.
Published: March 2011

Plague, caused by the bacteria Yersinia pestis, is a severe, often fatal disease. This study focuses on the plague-endemic West Nile region of Uganda, where limited information is available regarding environmental and behavioral risk factors associated with plague infection. We conducted observational surveys of 10 randomly selected huts within historically classified case and control villages (four each) two times during the dry season of 2006 (N = 78 case huts and N = 80 control huts), which immediately preceded a large plague outbreak. By coupling a previously published landscape-level statistical model of plague risk with this observational survey, we were able to identify potential residence-based risk factors for plague associated with huts within historic case or control villages (e.g., distance to neighboring homestead and presence of pigs near the home) and huts within areas previously predicted as elevated risk or low risk (e.g., corn and other annual crops grown near the home, water storage in the home, and processed commercial foods stored in the home). The identified variables are consistent with current ecologic theories on plague transmission dynamics. This preliminary study serves as a foundation for future case control studies in the area.
Mosquito Infestation and Dengue Virus Infection in Aedes aegypti Females in Schools in Mérida, México
Authors: García-Rejón Julián E. , Loroño-Pino María Alba , Farfán-Ale José Arturo , Flores-Flores Luis F. , López-Uribe Mildred P. , Najera-Vazquez Maria del Rosario , Nuñez-Ayala Guadalupe , Beaty Barry J. , Eisen Lars
Published: March 2011

We determined abundance of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and presence of dengue virus (DENV) in females collected from schools in Mérida, México, during 2008 and 2009. Backpack aspiration from 24 schools produced 468 females of Ae. aegypti and 1,676 females of another human biter, Culex quinquefasciatus. Ae. aegypti females were collected most commonly from classrooms followed by offices and bathrooms. Of these females, 24.7% were freshly fed. Examination of 118 pools of Ae. aegypti females (total of 415 females) for presence of DENV RNA produced 19 positive pools (16.1%). DENV-infected pools were detected from 11 (45.8%) of 24 schools and came from different room types, including classrooms, offices, and bathrooms. The overall rate of DENV infection per 100 Ae. aegypti females was 4.8. We conclude that schools in Mérida present a risk environment for students, teachers, and other personnel to be exposed to mosquitoes and bites of DENV-infected Ae. aegypti females.
Sensitivity of global cloud condensation nuclei concentrations to primary sulfate emission parameterizations
Authors: Luo G. , Yu F.
Published: March 2011

Abstract. The impact of primary sulfate emissions on cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations, one of the major uncertainties in global CCN predictions, depends on the fraction of sulfur mass emitted as primary sulfate particles (fsulfate), the fraction of primary sulfate mass distributed into the nucleation mode particles (fnucl), and the nucleation and growth processes in the ambient atmosphere. Here, we use a global size-resolved aerosol microphysics model recently developed to study how the different parameterizations of primary sulfate emission affect particle properties and CCN abundance. Different from previous studies, we use the ion-mediated nucleation scheme to simulate tropospheric particle formation. The kinetic condensation of low volatile secondary organic gas (SOG) (in addition to H2SO4 gas) on nucleated particles is calculated based on our new scheme that considers the SOG volatility changes arising from the oxidation aging. Our simulations show a compensation effect of nucleation to primary sulfate emission. We find that the change of fnucl from 5% to 15% has a more significant impact on the simulated particle number budget than that of fsulfate within the range of 2.5–5%. Based on our model configurations, an increase of fsulfate from 0% to 2.5% (with fnucl = 5%) does not improve the agreement between simulated and observed annual mean number concentrations of particles >10 nm at 21 stations but further increase of either fsulfate from 2.5% to 5% (with fnucl = 5%) or fnucl from 5% to 15% (with fsulfate = 2.5%) substantially deteriorates the agreement. For fsulfate of 2.5%–5% and fnucl of 5%, our simulations indicate that the global CCN at supersaturation of 0.2% increases by 8–11% in the boundary layer and 3–5% in the whole troposphere (compared to the case with fsulfate=0).
Source apportionment of the carbonaceous aerosol in Norway – quantitative estimates based on 14C, thermal-optical and organic tracer analysis
Authors: Yttri K. E. , Simpson D. , Stenström K. , Puxbaum H. , Svendby T.
Published: March 2011

Abstract. In the present study, source apportionment of the ambient summer and winter time particulate carbonaceous matter (PCM) in aerosol particles (PM1 and PM10) has been conducted for the Norwegian urban and rural background environment. Statistical treatment of data from thermal-optical, 14C and organic tracer analysis using Latin Hypercube Sampling has allowed for quantitative estimates of seven different sources contributing to the ambient carbonaceous aerosol. These are: elemental carbon from combustion of biomass (ECbb) and fossil fuel (ECff), organic carbon from combustion of biomass (OCbb), fossil fuel (OCff), primary biological aerosol particles (OCPBAP, which includes plant debris, OCpbc, and fungal spores, OCpbs), and secondary organic aerosol from biogenic precursors (OCBSOA). Our results show that emissions from natural sources were particularly abundant in summer, and with a more pronounced influence at the rural compared to the urban background site. 80% of total carbon (TCp, corrected for the positive artefact) in PM10 and 70% of TCp in PM1 could be attributed to natural sources at the rural background site in summer. Natural sources account for about 50% of TCp in PM10 at the urban background site as well. The natural source contribution was always dominated by OCBSOA, regardless of season, site and size fraction. During winter anthropogenic sources totally dominated the carbonaceous aerosol (83–90%). Combustion of biomass contributed slightly more than fossil-fuel sources in winter, whereas emissions from fossil-fuel sources were more abundant in summer. Mass closure calculations show that PCM likely dominated the mass concentration of the ambient PM regardless of size fraction, season, and site. A larger fraction of PM1 (64–69%) was accounted for by carbonaceous matter compared to PM10 (51–67%), but only by a small margin. In general, there were no pronounced differences in the relative contribution of carbonaceous matter to PM with respect to season or between the two sites.
A comparison between ensemble and deterministic hydrological forecasts in an operational context
Authors: Boucher M.-A. , Anctil F. , Perreault L. , Tremblay D.
Published: March 2011

Abstract. Ensemble forecasts can greatly benefit water resources management as they provide useful information regarding the uncertainty of the situation at hand. However, weather forecasting systems are evolving and the cost for reanalysis and reforecasts is prohibitive. Consequently, series of ensemble weather forecasts from a particular version of the forecasting system are often short. In this case study, we consider a hydrological event that took place in 2003 on the Gatineau watershed in Canada and caused management difficulties in a hydropower production context. The weather ensemble forecasting system in place at that time is now obsolete, but we show that with minimal post-processing of the forecasts, it is still beneficial to exploit ensemble rather than deterministic forecasts, even if the latter emerge from a more advanced meteorological model and possess superior spatial resolution.
Performance of a corona ion source for measurement of sulfuric acid by chemical ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Kürten A. , Rondo L. , Ehrhart S. , Curtius J.
Published: March 2011

Abstract. The performance of an ion source based on corona discharge has been studied. This source is used for the detection of gaseous sulfuric acid by chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) through the reaction of NO3– ions with H2SO4. The ion source is operated under atmospheric pressure and its design is similar to the one of a radioactive (americium-241) ion source which has been used previously. The results show that the detection limit for the corona ion source is sufficiently good for most applications. For an integration time of 1 min it is ~6 × 104 molecule cm−3 of H2SO4. In addition, only a small cross-sensitivity to SO2 has been observed for concentrations as high as 1 ppmv in the sample gas. This low sensitivity to SO2 is achieved even without the addition of an OH scavenger. When comparing the new corona ion source with the americium ion source for the same provided H2SO4 concentration, both ion sources yield almost identical values. These features make the corona ion source investigated here favorable over the more commonly used radioactive ion sources for most applications where H2SO4 is measured by CIMS.
Modeling Mediterranean Ocean climate of the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Mikolajewicz U.
Published: March 2011

Abstract. A regional ocean general circulation model of the Mediterranean is used to study the climate of the Last Glacial Maximum. The atmospheric forcing for these simulations has been derived from simulations with an atmospheric general circulation model, which in turn was forced with surface conditions from a coarse resolution earth system model. The model is successful in reproducing the general patterns of reconstructed sea surface temperature anomalies with the strongest cooling in summer in the northwestern Mediterranean and weak cooling in the Levantine, although the model underestimates the extent of the summer cooling in the western Mediterranean. However, there is a strong vertical gradient associated with this pattern of summer cooling, which makes the comparison with reconstructions complicated. The exchange with the Atlantic is decreased to roughly one half of its present value, which can be explained by the shallower Strait of Gibraltar as a consequence of lower global sea level. This reduced exchange causes a strong increase of salinity in the Mediterranean in spite of reduced net evaporation.
The multi-scale aerosol-climate model PNNL-MMF: model description and evaluation
Authors: Wang M. , Ghan S. , Easter R. , Ovchinnikov M. , Liu X. , Kassianov E. , Qian Y. , Gustafson Jr. W. I. , Larson V. E. , Schanen D. P. , Khairoutdinov M. , Morrison H.
Published: March 2011

Abstract. Anthropogenic aerosol effects on climate produce one of the largest uncertainties in estimates of radiative forcing of past and future climate change. Much of this uncertainty arises from the multi-scale nature of the interactions between aerosols, clouds and large-scale dynamics, which are difficult to represent in conventional general circulation models (GCMs). In this study, we develop a multi-scale aerosol-climate model that treats aerosols and clouds across different scales, and evaluate the model performance, with a focus on aerosol treatment. This new model is an extension of a multi-scale modeling framework (MMF) model that embeds a cloud-resolving model (CRM) within each grid column of a GCM. In this extension, the effects of clouds on aerosols are treated by using an explicit-cloud parameterized-pollutant (ECPP) approach that links aerosol and chemical processes on the large-scale grid with statistics of cloud properties and processes resolved by the CRM. A two-moment cloud microphysics scheme replaces the simple bulk microphysics scheme in the CRM, and a modal aerosol treatment is included in the GCM. With these extensions, this multi-scale aerosol-climate model allows the explicit simulation of aerosol and chemical processes in both stratiform and convective clouds on a global scale. Simulated aerosol budgets in this new model are in the ranges of other model studies. Simulated gas and aerosol concentrations are in reasonable agreement with observations (within a factor of 2 in most cases), although the model underestimates black carbon concentrations at the surface by a factor of 2–4. Simulated aerosol size distributions are in reasonable agreement with observations in the marine boundary layer and in the free troposphere, while the model underestimates the accumulation mode number concentrations near the surface, and overestimates the accumulation mode number concentrations in the middle and upper free troposphere by a factor of about 2. The overestimation of accumulation model number concentrations in the middle and upper free troposphere is consistent with large aerosol mass fraction above 5 km in the MMF model compared with other models. Simulated cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations are within the observational variations. Simulated aerosol optical depths (AOD) are in reasonable agreement with observations (within a factor of 2), and the spatial distribution of AOD is consistent with observations, while the model underestimates AOD over regions with strong fossil fuel and biomass burning emissions. Overall, this multi-scale aerosol-climate model simulates aerosol fields as well as conventional aerosol models.
Extreme waves at Filyos, southern Black Sea
Authors: Bilyay E. , Ozbahceci B. O. , Yalciner A. C.
Published: March 2011

Abstract. A wave measurement project was carried out for a new port planned in Filyos, in the Western Black Sea region of Turkey. The measurement at a depth of 12.5 m lasted for a period of two years and 7949 records were obtained. During the analysis, it was noticed that there were 209 records in which H/Hs ratio was higher than 2.0. These higher waves in a record are called extreme waves in this study. Although the purpose of wave measurement is not to investigate extreme waves, it is believed that studying these unexpected waves could be interesting. Therefore, detailed statistical and spectral analyses on the extreme waves were done for the records. The analyses results show that the distribution of surface profiles of the records containing extreme waves deviates from Gaussian distribution with the negative skewness changing between –0.01 and –0.4 and with the high kurtosis in the range of 3.1–4.2. Although the probability of occurrence of the extreme waves is over-predicted by the Rayleigh distribution, a higher ratio of Hs/ηrms indicates that the wave height distribution can be represented by Rayleigh. The average value of the slope of the frequency spectrum at the high frequency range is proportional to f–9 which is much steeper than the typical wind-wave frequency power law, f–4, –5. The directional spreading is measured with the parameter Smax and it is in the range of 5–70 for the extreme wave records. The wave and current interaction was also investigated and it was found that in most cases, extreme waves occur when the wave and the current are almost aligned. Furthermore, it is observed that extreme waves appear within a group of high waves.
A Commentary:
Authors: Mazis Glen A
Published: March 2011

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William Cooney (ed), Contributions of Gabriel Marcel to Philosophy
Authors: Michaud Thomas
Published: March 2011

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Francisco L. Peccorini, Selfhood as Thinking Thought in the Work of Gabriel Marcel: A New Interpretation
Authors: Pax Clyde
Published: March 2011

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David Kolb, Postmodern Sophistications: Philosophy, Architecture, and Tradition
Authors: Harries Karsten
Published: March 2011

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On Confusing Feeling with Sensation, With Special Reference to the Problem of Intimacy
Authors: Appelbaum David
Published: March 2011

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Veint de paraitre
Authors: Editors The
Published: March 2011

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Unité duelle de la morale cartésienne
Authors: Gabaude Jean-Marc
Published: March 2011

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Ambiguity, Absurdity, and Reversibility: Indeterminacy in De Beauvoir, Camus, and Merleau-Ponty
Authors: Weiss Gail
Published: March 2011

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Comments on Professors Johnson's and Weiss's Papers
Authors: Hadreas Peter
Published: March 2011

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Bibliographie partielle des oeuvres Philosophie en langue française pour l'année 1991
Authors: Racevskis Karlis , Graindorge Pierrette
Published: March 2011

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L'éducation du citoyen
Authors: Canivez Patrice
Published: March 2011

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Culture et Cultures
Authors: Souchand Jean-François
Published: March 2011

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Culture artistique et art contemporain
Authors: Popelard Marie-Hélène
Published: March 2011

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Notices Biographiques
Authors: Editors The
Published: March 2011

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Introduction
Authors: Fourny Jean-François , Racevskis Karlis
Published: March 2011

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Hegel's Reception in France
Authors: Mudimbe V.Y , Bohm A.
Published: March 2011

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"Forget Postmodernism: Bruno Latour's Nous n'avons jamais été modernes"
Authors: Boisvert Raymond D.
Published: March 2011

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L'unité interne du savoir chez Kalinowski
Authors: Ballester Manuel
Published: March 2011

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Ricoeur and Marcel: An Alternative to Postmodern Deconstruction
Authors: Bourgeois Patrick L.
Published: March 2011

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