bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fashion bloggers' discourse on brands under corporate crisis: a netnographic research in Portugal
Authors: Casais Beatriz , Gomes Lucilene Ribeiro
Published: June 2021

Purpose

This paper focuses on the analysis of fashion blog activity regarding brands under corporate crisis situations and discusses how these opinion leaders may be agents of corporate crisis management.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors analyzed four influential Portuguese fashion blogs regarding eight fashion brands that had experienced a corporate crisis situation. In total, five of the selected brands were mentioned in 2.846 posts of blog content, whose discourse was deeply analyzed.

Findings

The absence of express reference to brand crisis suggests that fashion bloggers tend to ignore these crisis events or divert the readers' attention to the brands' more positive aspects. This result opens the discussion whether fashion bloggers downplay corporate crisis in brand equity or whether it expresses strategies of brand crisis communication through digital influencers.

Originality/value

Though social media may be a source of negative word-of-mouth, social media influencers have been considered important partners of corporate crisis communication in particularly challenging times. Many studies have focused on the role of social media influencers in crisis management, but there was a dearth of research on the specific case of blogs. This study contributes to the understanding of fashion bloggers as agents of brand communication, particularly regarding crisis management and their role on brand activation and positive electronic word-of-mouth, even under crisis situations. This contribution paves the way for future research on whether this is a spontaneous phenomenon or the reflection of possible partnerships between companies and fashion bloggers for the management of corporate crisis situations in the context of fashion brands.
Engaging to innovate: an investigation into the implications of engagement at work on innovative behaviors in healthcare organizations
Authors: Palumbo Rocco
Published: June 2021

Purpose

Organizational innovation relies on the employees' active participation in improving extant processes and practices. In particular, it has been argued that employees' engagement triggers innovation-oriented behaviors at work. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of evidence of the implications of work engagement on the health professionals' innovation propensity. The article intends to push forward what we currently know about this issue, providing some food for thought to scholars and practitioners.

Design/methodology/approach

A path analysis based on ordinary least square (OLS) regression and 10,000 bootstrap samples was designed to investigate the direct and indirect implications of employees' engagement on innovative behaviors at work in a large sample of health professionals operating in Europe. The quality of employee–manager relationships and the organizational climate were included as mediating variables affecting the relationship between work engagement and propensity to innovation-oriented behaviors.

Findings

The research findings highlighted that being engaged at work fosters the willingness of health professionals to partake in the improvement of organizational processes and practices. The positive implications of employees' engagement on innovative behaviors at work are catalyzed by good employee–manager relationships and a positive organizational climate.

Practical implications

Healthcare organizations should uphold the health professional's engagement to enhance their innovation potential. Targeted interventions are needed to merge work engagement with the enhancement of the organizational environment in which health professionals accomplish their activities. A positive organizational climate enacts an empowering work environment, which further incentivizes innovation.

Originality/value

The article adopts a micro-level perspective to investigate the triggers of innovative behaviors among healthcare professionals, providing evidence which is relevant for theory and practice.
Overwriting New Public Management with New Public Governance in New Zealand's approach to health system improvement
Authors: Tenbensel Tim , Silwal Pushkar , Walton Lisa
Published: June 2021

Purpose

In 2016, New Zealand's Ministry of Health introduced the System Level Measures Framework which marked a departure from health targets and pay-for-performance incentives towards an approach based on local, collaborative approaches to health system improvement. This exemplifies an attempt to “overwrite” New Public Management (NPM) institutional practices with New Public Governance (NPG). We aim to trace this process of overwriting so as to understand how attempts to change institutional practices were facilitated, blocked, translated and edited.

Design/methodology/approach

We develop a conceptual framework for understanding and tracing institutional change towards NPG which emphasises the importance of discursive strategies in policy attempts to overwrite NPM with NPG. To analyse the New Zealand case, we drew on policy documents and interviews conducted in 2017–18 with twelve national key informants and fifty interviewees closely involved in local development and/or implementation of the SLMF.

Findings

Policy sponsors of collaborative approaches to health system improvement first attempted formal institutional change, arguing that adopting collaborative, quality improvement (NPG) approaches wouldsupplementexisting performance management (NPM) practices, to create a superior synthesis.When this formal approach was blocked, they adopted an approach based on informal persuasion of local organisational actors that quality improvement shouldsupplantperformance improvement. This approach was edited and translated by local actors, and the success of local implementation varied considerably.

Research limitations/implications

This article offers a novel conceptualisation of public management institutional change, which can help explain why it is difficult to completely erase NPM practices in health.

Originality/value

This paper explores the rhetorical practices that are used in the introduction of a New Public Governance policy framework.
Development of a Thai gaming disorder scale for children and adolescents
Authors: Wanpen Wimonrat , Itsarapong Pinyo , Gornnum Sankamon , Yunibhand Jintana
Published: June 2021

Purpose

This study aimed to develop the Thai gaming disorder scale (T-GDS) in children and adolescents to serve medical staff and investigate the effectiveness of the scale.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a research and development study. In total, 217 participants were children and adolescents between 8–18 years, then classified into four groups according to Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS). The T-GDS was developed; its content validity was then investigated by three experts. Mock assessment was conducted on 15 individuals replicating the actual sample group before the assessment was tested on the sample group by two medical staff. The quality of the scale is assessed through reliability, validity and cut-off point analysis.

Findings

Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) extracted four components with 18 items meeting the criteria and have Cronbach's alpha of 0.95. The analysis of ROC curve, to determine the cut-off point, associated the mild game addiction group with T-GDS score = 14; moderate group score = 28; and severe group score = 42.

Research limitations/implications

Investigation of cut-off point by practitioners is vital to compare whether it aligns with the point determined by doctors in game addiction diagnosis. Future research should select critical item in order to reduce the number of questions and construct validity should be examined using confirmatory factor analysis.

Originality/value

This paper provides a comprehensive insight regarding severity of game addiction based on related criteria. As a result, treatment appropriate for each type of severity could be enhanced.
Modelling halal restaurant’s brand image and customer’s revisit intention
Authors: Wardi Yunia , Trinanda Okki , Abror Abror
Published: June 2021

Purpose

Limited research has investigated the antecedents of halal restaurant’s brand image and its consequence to customer’s revisit intention empirically. This study aims to fill this gap by providing an insight into the relationship of halal restaurant brand image toward revisit intention, and the crucial antecedents of halal restaurant’s brand image, taking Rumah Makan Padang as a unit of analysis. Rumah Makan Padang (Padang Restaurant) is a type of halal restaurant in Indonesia originating from West Sumatra. These restaurants are widely spread in Indonesia and also in other countries where Indonesians migrate.

Design/methodology/approach

The research design was cross-sectional. Data were collected from various Rumah Makan Padang in West Sumatera, Indonesia. The proposed model was tested using structural equation modeling with a sample size of 450 respondents.

Findings

This study confirmed that halal restaurant’s brand image has a significant positive effect on customer’s revisit intention. Furthermore, the antecedents of halal restaurants brand image (i.e. service quality, health awareness and religiosity) were also found to have significant positive effect on halal restaurant’s brand image, Whereas, halal preferences do not have an influence on its brand image.

Originality/value

To the author’s knowledge, this study is among the first to provide a holistic approach toward the antecedents of halal restaurants brand image (i.e. halal preference, service quality, health awareness and religiosity) and investigated the effect of halal restaurant’s brand image on customer’s revisit intention. This study also proves the effect of religiosity on brand image, which has not been discussed in previous studies. From a market-specific context, this is also the first study that investigated the antecedents of Rumah Makan Padang’s brand image and its consequence to revisit intention.
Asian stock market integration after the global financial crisis: an ARDL bound testing approach
Authors: Saji Thazhungal Govindan
Published: June 2021

Purpose

The Global recession of 2008 was the worst financial crisis in the postworld war economic history that brought in severe disruptions in global investments and capital flows. Not surprisingly, research interest in the field of market integration has considerably increased over the last decade. This paper analyses the dynamics of price integration among Asian financial markets during the postfinancial crisis period.

Design/methodology/approach

We employ an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to cointegration and a Granger Causality/Block Exogeniety test from a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) on monthly stock index data of five leading Asian economies from April 2009 to March 2020.

Findings

The cointegration results could not produce any conclusive evidence of long-run relations between stock markets. There exists weak price convergence among markets, and financial integration is partial and in an imperfect form.

Research limitations/implications

Stock price performance in China is closely “coupled” with that in India, but both markets appear to be the short-run predictors of Asian stock returns. The research uses only the benchmark stock indices of the selected economies. Consideration of mid-cap and small-cap segments where foreign investments are significant today can validate the findings further.

Practical implications

The asymmetric pattern of price behavior of Asian markets has important implications for the pricing efficiency of national markets and offers arbitrage potentials for global investors to optimize returns through market diversifications on a long-term perspective. The finding definitely will be a great help to investors who are potentially interested in a trading strategy that offers greater returns with limited exposure to market risks.

Originality/value

Compared with previous studies, the research uses the most recent data of leading Asian markets and applies the robust method of ARDL Bounds testing approach that allows us to understand better if the economic recoveries and advancement have had an effect on market coupling and stock price transmissions.
The mediating role of employee creativity between knowledge sharing and innovative performance: empirical evidence from manufacturing firms in emerging markets
Authors: Ullah Yaseen , Ullah Hamid , Jan Shahid
Published: June 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between knowledge sharing (KS) and innovative performance (IP) through the mediating effect of employee creativity (EC) in the manufacturing industries operating in Gujrat, Pakistan. KS among employees and its resultant IP is considered as a basic challenge faced by the manufacturing industries in Pakistan. The main motivation of the current study is to research this significant however neglected segment of the economy.

Design/methodology/approach

This quantitative study used deductive approach. Social exchange theory and resource-based view framework were used to predict relationships between EC, KS and IP. Data were collected through five-point Likert scale questionnaire from 158 managers including engineers and operational staff selected through convenient sampling. Regression analysis was performed using the Andrew Hayes Process macros in SPSS.

Findings

The results showed that there is a positive and significant effect of the KS on IP. Moreover, the mediation analysis showed that EC positively mediate the relationship between KS and IP.

Research limitations/implications

The study target population is limited the single city where most of industries are located. This can be extended to other industrial areas of the country to increase reliability of the results.

Practical implications

The study holds a significant contribution to the understanding of the link between KS and IP by emphasizing the role of stimulating EC in organizations.

Originality/value

It was identified in the literature that there is a lack of studies in this context as current conceptual model has not been studied before in the context of emerging economies at large and very few studies conducted in case of developed countries with totally different institutional setup. To put forward the study by Lee (2018), this is the first study that investigates the mediation of creativity between KS and IP in emerging markets manufacturing industry.
Acral persistent papular mucinosis: A case report and summary of 24 Japanese cases
Authors: Mori Asuka , Shinkuma Satoru , Mitsui Yasuhiro , Ogawa Kohei , Miyagawa Fumi , Asada Hideo
Published: June 2021

Acral persistent papular mucinosis is a rare subtype of localized lichen myxedematosus. We report a case of a 41‐year‐old woman with acral persistent papular mucinosis. She had a 5‐year history of multiple, scattered, whitish papules, on the back of both hands, of 2–5 mm in diameter. Histopathological examination revealed a focal, fairly circumscribed area with sparse collagen fibers in the upper and middle dermis. The circumscribed area was positively stained with Alcian blue. The papules were clinically and histologically diagnosed as acral persistent papular mucinosis. We also summarized 24 Japanese acral persistent papular mucinosis cases, including ours. Although acral persistent papular mucinosis occurs predominantly in women according to overseas reports, the male : female ratio is 5:7 in Japan. It has been reported that tranilast (N‐[3,4‐dimethoxycinnamoyl]‐anthranilic acid) was effective in two Japanese cases. In our case, the patient had been treated with tranilast for 2 months without improvement. Further studies are required to confirm the efficacy of tranilast for acral persistent papular mucinosis.
Livestock grazing promotes ecosystem multifunctionality of a coastal salt marsh
Authors: Zhang Pei , Yang Zaichao , Wu Jihua
Published: June 2021

The effects of livestock grazing on grasslands have garnered much attention; however, little is known about how grazing affects ecosystems’ ability to simultaneously support multiple ecosystem functions (i.e. ecosystem multifunctionality, hereafter EMF) in coastal salt marshes.

To comprehensively evaluate the ecological effects of livestock grazing and tidal flooding on salt marshes, we conducted a grazing‐exclusion experiment in the high and middle marsh zones of the Yangtze River Estuary, China.

Livestock grazing generally enhanced EMF in the salt marshes, with a stronger impact in the middle marshes than in the high ones. Although plant biomass, above‐ground N of plants, soil organic C and sediment deposition rate decreased under grazing, activities of soil microbes and nematodes, soil N pool, N mineralization, decomposition and soil respiration increased.

Synthesis and applications. We suggest that tidal flooding and associated replenishment of sediments may mitigate the negative effects of grazing on plants and sedimentation and strengthen positive grazing impacts on nutrient cycling, consequently reinforcing the beneficial effects of livestock grazing on the salt marsh ecosystem multifunctionality. Our results provide a holistic framework of ecosystem‐level responses to livestock grazing in salt marshes and highlight the regulatory role of external environmental factors such as tidal flooding. Although livestock grazing enhanced the overall EMF (represents the nutrient cycling rate) of salt marshes in our study, it was not necessarily desirable for ecosystem services. Integration of ecosystem function‐multifunctionality and ecosystem service‐multifunctionality of salt marshes need to be recommended in future multifunctionality studies.
Psychometric properties of the SCORE‐15 Thai version and its relationship with mental health index
Authors: Limsuwan Nida , Prachason Thanavadee
Published: June 2021

The SCORE‐15 Thai version was developed for clinical use in Thailand. This study aims to assess the internal reliability of the SCORE‐15 Thai version and its convergent validity with the Chulalongkorn Family Inventory (CFI), a measure modified from the Family Assessment Device (FAD), the perceptions of the family problems, and the mental health index. It exhibited a strong negative correlation with the CFI, a moderate negative correlation with the manageability rating and a weaker positive correlation with the severity rating. The internal reliability of both full‐scale and subscales of the SCORE‐15 was all good except for the communication subscale. The SCORE‐15 also showed a discriminative pattern among participants with varying states of mental health. In conclusion, the SCORE‐15 Thai version was generally a valid and reliable tool for family assessment in the clinical Thai population.

Practitioner points

It is essential to locally develop family assessment tools that are appropriate for the socio‐cultural context of the family therapy services.

The SCORE‐15 Thai version generally exhibited acceptable internal reliability and good convergent validity with the CFI in the clinical Thai population.

The family functioning and the manageability rating of the SCORE‐15 Thai version were significantly different among groups of people with varying states of mental health.
Agriculture’s carbon neutral challenge: The case of Western Australia*
Authors: Kingwell Ross
Published: June 2021

Agriculture is being encouraged to become carbon neutral, and agricultural land is being touted as a source of carbon sequestration. Yet making agricultural regions locally carbon neutral will involve an economic cost, with existing patterns of greenhouse gas emissions and spatial costs of abatement affecting that cost of achieving regional carbon neutrality. This study examines the economic cost of locally achieving carbon neutrality, using the illustration of Western Australia’s agricultural region. The cost to the region of achieving carbon neutrality via reforestation is estimated, as is the spatial allocation of farmland for sequestration. Social and political pressures that likely constrain how much farmland can be reforested are explicitly considered. Findings are subject to a sensitivity analysis and several caveats. The annual cost of regional carbon neutrality via proscribed regional reforestation, under current carbon offset prices, is estimated to range from AUD216 million to AUD250 million (i.e. under 3 per cent of the region’s gross value of agricultural production) which might suggest the challenge to be carbon neutral is within commercial reach. However, without other financial incentives, it likely involves farm business profits being reduced by around 15 per cent.
The Effect of Inter‐firm Managerial Social Ties on Alliance Formation: How Poorly Embedded Firms Overcome Network Disadvantages
Authors: Yang Ke , Zhu Jianjun , Santoro Michael D.
Published: June 2021

Recent research suggests pre‐existing network structural dynamics can hamper inter‐organizational alliance formation, particularly for poorly embedded firms. However, this research fails to fully explain how poorly embedded firms can overcome these structural barriers when forming alliances. This study adds to the existing knowledge on network dynamics by proposing how interpersonal relational embeddedness alleviates such constraints and facilitates alliance formation of firms poorly embedded in existing alliance networks. We highlight the informational and sociological benefits of inter‐firm managerial social ties (IFMSTs) formed through interpersonal social experiences beyond those originated from prior business exchange activities between potential partnering firms. Our empirical investigation employs an extensive sample of US public firms and shows strong evidence that IFMSTs help poorly embedded firms overcome the obstacles imposed by their inferior network structure embeddedness when forming alliances. The negative effect of inferior network structural embeddedness is more muted by IFMSTs when both firms in a dyad are at the periphery of the alliance network than when they occupy asymmetric structural positions. This mitigation effect of IFMSTs is more salient when the ties originate from activity‐based social experiences than from shared educational affiliations.
Citizenship Stripping, Fair Procedures, and the Separation of Powers: A Critical Comment on Damache v Minister for Justice
Authors: Casey Conor
Published: June 2021

Damache v Minister for Justice concerned a constitutional challenge to section 19 of the Irish Nationality and Citizenship Act 1956. This section outlined the statutory process the executive branch, acting through the Minister for Justice, had to follow before revoking a certificate of naturalisation. The appellant successfully argued this process was an unconstitutional breach of fair procedures. The judgement will be of interest both to Irish and other public lawyers for its treatment of fair procedures, which the Supreme Court approached in a regrettably blinkered way – seeing only one constitutional principle when several others were at stake. The judgment is a stark reminder for both Irish and comparative lawyers of the fact that the concrete demands of fair procedures must be balanced with a range of competing institutional goods and principles equally important to constitutional democracies: from administrative efficiency to structural principles stemming from the separation of powers.
The long arm of parenting: How parenting styles influence crime and the pathways that explain this effect*
Authors: Simons Leslie Gordon , Sutton Tara E.
Published: June 2021

Although several criminological theories suggest that variations in parenting increase the probability of adult crime, most studies limit focus to the association between parenting and adolescent delinquency. Thus, research exploring the association between parenting and adult crime is rare. The present study used path analyses and prospective, longitudinal data from a sample of 318 African American men to examine the effects of eight parenting styles on adult crime. Furthermore, we investigated the extent to which significant parenting effects are mediated by criminogenic schemas, negative emotions, peer affiliations, adult transitions, and involvement with the criminal justice system. Consonant with the study hypotheses, the results indicated that parenting styles with high demandingness, regardless of whether it co‐occurred with responsiveness or corporal punishment, reduced the risk of adult crime. On the other hand, parenting styles low on demandingness but high on responsiveness or corporal punishment were associated with a robust increase in risk for adult crime. These parenting effects were mediated, in large measure, by criminogenic schemas and affiliation with adult deviant peers. The findings held after taking into account the effect of adolescent experiences and traits such as delinquency, deviant peer affiliations, community violence, discrimination, negative emotionality, and poor self‐control.
Modification of MRI pattern of high‐grade glioma pseudoprogression in regorafenib therapy
Authors: Mansour Mariam , Vitale Valerio , Lombardi Giuseppe , Riva Giulio , Pancheri Francesca , Zanusso Mariano
Published: June 2021

Pseudoprogression (PP) is a diagnostic dilemma in the follow‐up of brain high grade gliomas (HGG), and the introduction of new therapies has further complicated its identification in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). We report a case of pseudoprogression after intraoperative radiotherapy (ioRT) and Regorafenib therapy in a patient with anaplastic astrocytoma recurrence. A 65‐year‐old man, treated in August 2017 for a right frontal anaplastic astrocytoma, with surgical resection and following radiotherapy and Temozolomide, in October 2019 was again treated for peri‐surgical bed recurrence with resection and ioRT followed by Regorafenib therapy, interrupted in February 2020, after the onset of adverse reactions. MRI examination showed a large irregular alteration posterior to the surgical bed, T2 weighted hypointense featuring strong diffusion restriction (low ADC values), with an irregular contrast‐enhancement (CE) pattern, and surrounded by a vast vasogenic oedema; Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast (DSC) perfusion imaging (PWI) showed no increase of relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV). Particularly, lesion appeared markedly hypointense and dusty‐like on susceptibility weighted images (SWI) probably due to a constant hemorrhagic diapedesis promoted by Regorafenib. Therefore, pseudoprogression was suspected. Follow‐up MRI exams showed gradual reduction of SWI and CE abnormalities, but a persistent DWI restriction. Unfortunately, the last MRI control showed a secondary cerebellar localisation of the disease. New therapies are changing MRI pattern in HGG imaging and this case underlines how a multimodality approach is increasingly necessary. In particular, when using anti‐VEGF drugs, SWI can have a crucial role in identifying therapy‐related haemorrhagic changes.
CM‐AVM syndrome – A prospective observational study of unrelated paediatric cases
Authors: Haefliger Stefanie , Adams Susan , Nandakumar Archana , Nguyen Linh , Wargon Orli
Published: June 2021

Objective

The main objective of this study is to describe the clinical spectrum of CM‐AVM syndrome as well as radiological and genetic findings.

Methods

This is a single‐centre prospective observational study performed at Sydney Children’s Hospital. Patients under the age of 18 years that presented to our paediatric dermatology clinic or vascular birthmark clinic between January 2015 and September 2020 with one or more geometric shaped pink/ red/ brown macule with a peripheral pallor characteristic of a high‐flow vascular stain were included. Children subsequently diagnosed with other diagnosis or family members with CM‐AVM syndrome were excluded.

Results

Sixty children were included, with two subsequently excluded. A third of patients (n = 22, 38%) presented with a single characteristic HFVS, whereas the remaining two thirds (n = 36; 62%) had multiple HFVS. In children with multiple HFVS, one notably larger HFVS was detected in the majority of children (n = 32, 88%). In 33 patients, a brain and spine MRI was performed, which detected a spine AVM in one symptomatic patient with sensorimotor deficits. No cerebral AVM or AVF was picked up in the cohort. A RASA 1 result was available for evaluation in 24, of which 16 (67%) were positive. An EPHB4 result was available in eight, two (25%) of which were positive.

Conclusions

One large HFVS often accompanied by multiple small HFVS can be seen in most patients. Despite of the lack of genetic confirmation of diagnosis in single lesions, this phenotype might be of interest and warrants further investigation.
Hometown Prison: Whiteness, Safety, and Prison Work in Upstate New York State
Authors: Morrell Andrea R.
Published: June 2021

Mass incarceration has been shown to be a force of racializations and class inequality in US life, but little literature has focused on the lives of prison guards. Highlighting the lived experiences of prison guards at two state maximum security prisons in Elmira, New York, a small multiracial city in central New York State, this article uses Cedric Robinson's notion of racial capitalism to show how prison expansion unfolds in New York State at the end of the twentieth century. Guard labor includes both the physical work of control and of basic social reproduction and is done by people who are connected to the cultures, histories, and political economies in which they were raised, what Elmirans often call one's “hometown.” I examine prison guards’ narratives of their racial encounters inside and outside the prison, their sense of their racialized selves, and their relationship to what they see as often boring, violent, and stigmatized work. I show how the expansion of the carceral state over the past forty years, the period most often referred to as mass incarceration, maintains Fordism's labor hierarchies in a retooled racialization: as jailer and jailed. [prisons, whiteness, carceral state, racial capitalism, post‐Fordism]
Evaluation of the pharmacokinetics of pemigatinib in patients with impaired hepatic or renal function
Authors: Ji Tao , Rockich Kevin , Epstein Noam , Overholt Heather , Wang Phillip , Chen Xuejun , Punwani Naresh , Yeleswaram Swamy
Published: June 2021

Aims

Pemigatinib, an inhibitor of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) family of receptor tyrosine kinases, is approved for previously treated, unresectable locally advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma. Pemigatinib is predominantly metabolized by CYP3A4 with minimal renal elimination.

Methods

Separate hepatic and renal impairment studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of these impairments on pemigatinib pharmacokinetics (PK). Each study was of open‐label, parallel‐group design, conducted in participants with normal organ function and with hepatic or renal impairment. Plasma concentrations of pemigatinib were quantified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) and pemigatinib PK parameters were derived by noncompartmental analysis. Geometric mean ratios and two‐sided 90% confidence intervals of Cmax, AUC0‐t, and AUC0‐∞ were compared by analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results

Compared with healthy matched participants: Cmax and AUC0‐∞ ratio (90% confidence interval) in participants with moderate hepatic impairment were 96.7% (59.4%, 157%) and 146% (100%, 212%), respectively; Cmax and AUC0‐∞ ratio in participants with severe hepatic impairment were 94.2% (68.9%, 129%) and 174% (116%, 261%), respectively; Cmax and AUC0‐∞ ratio in participants with severe renal impairment were 64.6% (44.1%, 94.4%) and 159% (95.4%, 264%), respectively; Cmax and AUC0‐∞ ratio in participants with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) before haemodialysis (HD) were 77.5% (51.2%, 118%) and 76.8% (54.0%, 109%), respectively; Cmax and AUC0‐∞ ratio in participants with ESRD after HD were 90.0% (59.3%, 137%) and 91.3% (64.1%, 130%), respectively.

Conclusion

Pemigatinib dose should be reduced for patients with severe hepatic or renal impairment, and no dose adjustment is required for patients with moderate hepatic impairment or in ESRD patients undergoing HD.
Transhumanism and African humanism: How to pursue the transhumanist vision without jeopardizing humanity
Authors: Ewuoso Cornelius , Fayemi Ademola Kazeem
Published: June 2021

African humanism should be considered more in the theoretical discussion on transhumanism. Using an underexplored humanistic philosophy of Ubuntu, this article shows how the perspective from the global south provides guidelines for pursuing transhumanism without jeopardizing humanism. It argues that heuristics from African (Ubuntu) humanism can serve transhumanist goals. While transhumanism has attracted severe criticisms from bio‐conservatives, this article counterargues some salient objections. Drawing on an Ubuntu understanding of humanism, this article posits that the transhumanist vision of the posthuman does not threaten our humanity. Ubuntu humanism is shown to be supportive of transhumanism and can plausibly serve as a guide to protecting transhumanist trajectories from potential abuses. This article concludes that the embedded values of African humanism deserve to be taken seriously in galvanizing global trust in transhuman futures.
Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and Epstein–Barr virus: a complex relationship with diverse origins, expression and outcomes
Authors: El‐Mallawany Nader Kim , Curry Choladda V. , Allen Carl E.
Published: June 2021

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus with rare but severe potential for lymphoproliferative complications. EBV is associated with a variety of presentations of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). HLH is a life‐threatening hyperinflammatory syndrome that can occur in patients with genetic defects associated with dysregulation of the immune response (familial HLH) or arise in patients with underlying infection or malignancy (non‐familial or secondary HLH). EBV can both serve as the incidental trigger of familial HLH or as the driving factor in patients with selective inherited vulnerability (e.g. X‐linked lymphoproliferative disease). Alternatively, acute infection can idiosyncratically cause non‐neoplastic HLH in patients without inherited predisposition (i.e. secondary HLH), while EBV‐associated T/natural killer (NK)‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders and lymphomas can cause neoplasia‐associated HLH. The present review will discern between EBV‐associated familial and non‐familial HLH and highlight diagnostic and therapeutic considerations. Non‐familial EBV‐associated HLH is a major diagnostic dilemma, as it represents a diverse spectrum of disease ranging from highly curable (non‐neoplastic EBV‐HLH) to indolent but incurable (chronic active EBV) to acutely fatal (systemic EBV‐positive T‐cell lymphoma of childhood). Increased clinical awareness and understanding of this rare and potentially devastating subset of EBV‐related complications is desperately needed to improve survival for patients with neoplasia‐associated HLH.
The immune regulatory effects of tetrahedral framework nucleic acid on human T cells via the mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway
Authors: Liu Xuyang , Yu Zhiyuan , Wu Ya , Shi Sirong , Yao Jie , Feng Xiaorong , Wen Dingke , Shi Ziyan , Zhao Zhengyang , Li Yanjing , Zhou Hongyu , You Chao , Lin Yunfeng , Yang Mu
Published: June 2021

Objectives

Autoimmune diseases are a heterogeneous group of diseases which lose the immunological tolerance to self‐antigens. It is well recognized that irregularly provoked T cells participate in the pathological immune responses. As a novel nanomaterial with promising applications, tetrahedral framework nucleic acid (TFNA) nanostructure was found to have immune regulatory effects on T cells in this study.

Materials and Methods

To verify the successful fabrication of TFNA, the morphology of TFNA was observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and dynamic light scattering. The regulatory effect of TFNA was evaluated by flow cytometry after cocultured with CD3+ T cells isolated from healthy donors. Moreover, the associated signaling pathways were investigated. Finally, we verified our results on the T cells from patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), which is a typical autoimmune disease induced by T cells.

Results

We revealed the alternative regulatory functions of TFNA in human primary T cells with steady status via the JNK signaling pathway. Moreover, by inhibiting both JNK and ERK phosphorylation, TFNA exhibited significant suppressive effects on IFNγ secretion from provoking T cells without affecting TNF secretion. Similar immune regulatory effects of TFNA were also observed in autoreactive T cells from patients with NMOSD.

Conclusions

Overall, our results revealed a potential application of TFNA in regulating the adaptive immune system, as well as shed a light on the treatment of T cell–mediated autoimmune diseases.
Deforestation, fires, and lack of governance are displacing thousands of jaguars in Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Menezes Jorge F. S. , Tortato Fernando R. , Oliveira‐Santos Luiz G. R. , Roque Fabio O. , Morato Ronaldo G.
Published: June 2021

The rate of deforestation and the number of large wildfires are increasing in the Amazon. Illegal loggers, miners, ranchers, and farmers all have contributed to this increase. Their activities have dramatic consequences for biodiversity, ecological services, and people. In this study, we estimated the number of jaguars affected by deforestation. We focused on the Brazilian Amazon from August 2016 to December 2019. Further, we analyzed the effects of socio‐geographic determinants of deforestation and state policies. To do so, we used deforestation data from DETER‐B satellite system. The number of jaguars within each deforested area was pulled from a previous study, which provided jaguar abundances for jaguar entire range. We assumed all jaguars within a deforested area were affected (displaced or killed). To determine the underlying causes of jaguar loss, we regressed the number of jaguars lost per state and year against the proportion of total forest area within reserves, distance to forest border, and monetary efficiency in cattle production. We estimate a total of 1,422 jaguars have been displaced/killed in recent years (2016: 488, 2017: 360, 2018: 268, 2019: 354). Only the proportion of protected area had an effect in reducing jaguar deforestation. We discuss how our work could result in near real‐time monitoring of jaguar displacement and how policies such as wood certification, more efficient cattle production, and centralizing governance may be solutions.
Everyday music in infancy
Authors: Mendoza Jennifer K. , Fausey Caitlin M.
Published: June 2021

Infants enculturate to their soundscape over the first year of life, yet theories of how they do so rarely make contact with details about the sounds available in everyday life. Here, we report on properties of a ubiquitous early ecology in which foundational skills get built: music. We captured daylong recordings from 35 infants ages 6–12 months at home and fully double‐coded 467 h of everyday sounds for music and its features, tunes, and voices. Analyses of this first‐of‐its‐kind corpus revealed two distributional properties of infants’ everyday musical ecology. First, infants encountered vocal music in over half, and instrumental in over three‐quarters, of everyday music. Live sources generated one‐third, and recorded sources three‐quarters, of everyday music. Second, infants did not encounter each individual tune and voice in their day equally often. Instead, the most available identity cumulated to many more seconds of the day than would be expected under a uniform distribution. These properties of everyday music in human infancy are different from what is discoverable in environments highly constrained by context (e.g., laboratories) and time (e.g., minutes rather than hours). Together with recent insights about the everyday motor, language, and visual ecologies of infancy, these findings reinforce an emerging priority to build theories of development that address the opportunities and challenges of real input encountered by real learners.
New thinking about old ways: Cultural continuity for improved mental health of young Central Australian Aboriginal men
Authors: Liddle Joel , Langton Marcia , Rose James W.W. , Rice Simon
Published: June 2021

Decades of reports and policy have drawn attention to the significant social and occupational impairment of many young Aboriginal men in Central Australia. However, the role of mental ill‐health as a contributing factor to this impairment, and culturally appropriate intervention targets have received insufficient attention in the psychiatry literature. Despite having the worst health outcomes of any population in Australia, Aboriginal men chronically underuse primary health care services. It's proposed that interventions ensuring cultural continuity through Identity‐strengthening with a particular focus on positive Aboriginal masculinities will address a critical mental health gap for young men. In Central Australian and broader Indigenous populations, tangible and measurable kinship, language, religious and economic (KLRE) activities are catalytic vehicles for restoring traditional knowledge that suffer ongoing pressures as a result of colonization and assimilationist Government policy. By transforming KLRE knowledge content from ethnographic archives, these culturally rich repositories may be utilized to create education and engagement materials that will support young Aboriginal men's efforts to obtain and maintain positive mental health. This proposal focuses on building resilience through the acquisition of KLRE knowledge which young Aboriginal men can utilize as resources for enhancing positive identity and mental health outcomes.
Childhood trauma, the stress response and metabolic syndrome: A focus on DNA methylation
Authors: Womersley Jacqueline S. , Nothling Jani , Toikumo Sylvanus , Malan‐Müller Stefanie , van den Heuvel Leigh L. , McGregor Nathaniel W. , Seedat Soraya , Hemmings Sîan M. J.
Published: June 2021

Childhood trauma (CT) is well established as a potent risk factor for the development of mental disorders. However, the potential of adverse early experiences to exert chronic and profound effects on physical health, including aberrant metabolic phenotypes, has only been more recently explored. Among these consequences is metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is characterised by at least three of five related cardiometabolic traits: hypertension, insulin resistance/hyperglycaemia, raised triglycerides, low high‐density lipoprotein and central obesity. The deleterious effects of CT on health outcomes may be partially attributable to dysregulation of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis, which coordinates the response to stress, and the consequent fostering of a pro‐inflammatory environment. Epigenetic tags, such as DNA methylation, which are sensitive to environmental influences provide a means whereby the effects of CT can be biologically embedded and persist into adulthood to affect health and well‐being. The methylome regulates the transcription of genes involved in the stress response, metabolism and inflammation. This narrative review examines the evidence for DNA methylation in CT and MetS in order to identify shared neuroendocrine and immune correlates that may mediate the increased risk of MetS following CT exposure. Our review specifically highlights differential methylation of FKBP5, the gene that encodes FK506‐binding protein 51 and has pleiotropic effects on stress responding, inflammation and energy metabolism, as a central candidate to understand the molecular aetiology underlying CT‐associated MetS risk.
Avoiding artifacts when varying the number of species in ecological models
Authors: Moisset de Espanés Pablo , Ramos‐Jiliberto Rodrigo , Soto José A.
Published: June 2021

Ecological theory recognizes the importance of the variety of species for maintaining the functioning of ecosystems and their derived services. We assert that when studying the effects of shifts in biodiversity levels using mathematical models, their dynamics must be sensitive to the variety of species traits but not to raw species numbers, a property that we call order–invariance. We present a testing procedure for verifying order–invariance of ecological network models —with or without trait adaptation— expressed as ODEs. Furthermore, we applied our test to several influential models used for evaluating biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning. In most of the surveyed studies the equations failed our test. This raises doubts about the validity of previous results and calls for revisiting the theory derived from these studies. Our results foster the creation of artifact–free models, a necessary step towards building a more robust theory of biodiversity–driven ecosystem functioning.
Can the native faunal communities be restored from removal of invasive plants in coastal ecosystems? A global meta‐analysis
Authors: Ning Zhonghua , Chen Cong , Xie Tian , Zhu Zhenchang , Wang Qing , Cui Baoshan , Bai Junhong
Published: June 2021

Coastal ecosystems worldwide are being threatened by invasive plants in the context of global changes. However, how invasive plants influence native faunal communities and whether native faunal communities can recover following the invader removals/controls across global coastal ecosystems are still poorly understood. Here, we present the first global meta‐analysis to quantify the impacts of Spartina species invasions on coastal faunal communities and further to evaluate the outcomes of Spartina species removals on faunal community recovery based on 74 independent studies. We found that invasive Spartina species generally decreased the biodiversity (e.g., species richness), but increased coastal faunal abundance (e.g., individual number) and fitness (e.g., biomass), though the effect on abundance was insignificant. The pattern of influence was strongly dependent on habitat types, faunal taxa, trophic levels, and feeding types. Specifically, Spartina species invasion of mudflats caused greater impacts than invasion of vegetated habitats. Insects and birds at higher trophic levels were strongly affected by invasive Spartina, indicating that invasive plant effects can cascade upward along the food chain. Additionally, impacts of Spartina invasions were more obvious on food specialists such as herbivores and carnivores. Furthermore, our analyses revealed that invader removals were overall beneficial for native faunal communities to recover from the displacement caused by Spartina invasions, but this recovery process depended on specific removal measure and time. For example, the long‐term waterlogging had strong negative impacts on faunal recovery, so it should not be encouraged. Our findings suggest that invasive plants could have contrasting effects on functional responses of native faunal communities. Although invasive plant removals could restore native faunal communities, future functional restorations of invaded ecosystems should take the legacy effects of invasive species on native communities into account. These findings provide insightful implications for future scientific controls of invasive species and ecosystem restoration under intensifying global changes.