bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A IMPORTÂNCIA DA LEITURA DE MUNDO NA VISÃO DE PAULO FREIRE NO COTIDIANO DOS ALUNOS DA 1ª SÉRIE DO NOVO ENSINO MÉDIO NA ESCOLA ESTADUAL RAIMUNDO PAZ/AM
Authors: Adorno Evilin da Silveira
Published: October 2024

In Brazilian society, the habit of reading is incipient. Transforming this reality and expanding the taste for reading is essential to improving the quality of education, access to knowledge and human development. It is a challenge that must be taken on by the entire society. The practice of reading contributes to the development of students’ cognitive skills, necessary to expand their oral and written communicative competence, making them more proficient in their mother tongue and enabling them to consciously and critically exercise citizenship. Due to this premise, a work to encourage reading was carried out at the Raimundo Paz State School, in Amazonas, with 1st year high school students, through interpretations and dramatizations based on the text “Uma voyage a Bonde”. 25 students aged between 15 and 16 participated in the research. The methodology used in this dissertation was action research. Regarding the research strategy adopted (action research), it can be said with certainty that it was the most appropriate for this type of study, contributing to the construction and improvement of the experimental model, as well as to joint learning between the researcher and the participants.
A Study on Evaluating Determinants of Factors Influencing Environmental Social and Governance (ESG) Investments
Authors: Sohil Altaf Pirani  , Ravindra Patil
Published: October 2024

Investments that take social responsibility, environmental sustainability, and corporate governance into account are referred to as ESG investments. It supports businesses that put sustainability and moral behavior first to foster long-term success. Financial gains can be obtained through ESG investments while ensuring beneficial social benefits and risk management. The increasing recognition of ESG investments as an essential aspect of sustainable finance, that emphasise the significance of grasping the variables influencing investor choices in this field.  The purpose of the study was to evaluate determinants of Factors influencing ESG investments. The technique used in the current study is the Structural Equation Model. The findings of the study indicated that there is a significant impact of attitude, Environmental concern, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norms on behavioural intention towards ESG investments. The study is extended by adding Environmental concern construct to the base theory of planned behavior.
PENEGAKAN HUKUM TERHADAP PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA PENIPUAN MENGGUNAKAN CEK KOSONG BERDASARKAN PUTUSAN NOMOR 1698/Pid/2022/PN SURABAYA
Authors: Dirgantoro Balok , Soekorini Noenik , Astutik Sri , Cornelis Vieta Imelda
Published: October 2024

Sebagai salah satu bentuk tindak pidana, penipuan merupakan wujud tindakan yang berunsur rangkaian kebohongan untuk keuntungan diri pelaku, yang berakibat orang yang dibohongi, menjadi dirugikan. Kerugian ini terkait dengan telah memberikan atau menyerahkannya orang lain tersebut atas sesuatu kepada pelaku penipuan. Pokok permasalahan yang akan dibahas dalam penulisan tesis ini adalah Bagaimanakah proses penegakan hukum perkara tindak pidana penipuan dengan menggunakan cek kosong sesuai dengan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 1 tahun 1971 tentang pencabutan undang-undang no 17 tahun 1964 tentang larangan penarikan cek kosong? dan Bagaimana pertimbangan hakim dalam menjatuhkan putusan terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Penipuan Cek Kosong Berdasarkan Putusan Nomor 1698/Pid.B/2022/PN Sby”. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kasus (Case Approach) bertujuan untuk mempelajari penerapan norma-norma atau kaidah hukum yang dilakukan dalam peraktik hukum. peraturan Perundang-undangan (Statute Approach), di lakukan dengan menelaah semua undang-undang dan regulasi yang bersangkut paut dengan isu hukum yang sedang ditangani. Berdasarkan Hasil penelitian pahami bahwa Pertimbangan hakim dalam menjatuhkan putusan terhadap pelaku tindak pidana penipuan dengan menggunakan cek kosong di Pengadilan Negeri Surabaya Majelis Hakim menilai bahwa terdakwa adalah orang yang memiliki kemampuan untuk mempertanggungjawabkan perbuatannya, serta tidak ditemukan alasan pengecualian penuntutan, alasan pemaaf maupun alasan pembenar pada dirinya, sehingga terdakwa tetap dinyatakan bersalah dan bertanggungjawab atas perbuatannya. Berdasarkan fakta-fakta dipersidangan majelis Hakim kemudian menjatuhkan sanksi pidana kepada terdakwa dengan pidana penjara 1 (satu) tahun dan 6 (enam) bulan dan Menetapkan lamanya masa penangkapan dan penahanan yang telah dijalani oleh Terdakwa akan dikurangkan seluruhnya dari pidana yang dijatuhkan.
PENEGAKAN HUKUM TERHADAP PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA PEMILU BERUPA PENGHINAAN PADA SAAT KEGIATAN KAMPANYE DI WILAYAH HUKUM KEPOLISIAN DAERAH SULAWESI UTARA RESOR SANGIHE
Authors: Wangka Adolf , Astutik Sri , Widodo Ernu , Subekti
Published: October 2024

Pemilihan umum merupakan mekanisme utama yang terdapat dalam tahapan penyelenggaraan negara dan pembentukan pemerintahan. Pemilihan umum dipandang sebagai bentuk paling nyata dari kedaulatan yang berada di tangan rakyat dalam penyelenggaraan Negara, oleh karena itu, sistem dan penyelenggaraan pemilihan umum selalu menjadi perhatian utama terhadap pemerintahan sehingga pedoman dari, oleh, dan untuk rakyat diharapkan benar-benar dapat diwujudkan melalui penataan system dan kualitas penyelenggaran pemilihan umum. Pokok permasalahan yang akan dibahas dalam penulisan tesis ini adalah Bagaimana upaya penegakan hukum terhadap pelaku tindak pidana pemilu berupa penghinaan pada saat kegiatan kampanye Di Wilayah Hukum Kepolisian Daerah Sulawesi Utara Resor Sangihe? dan Apa yang menjadi faktor penghambat penegakan hukum terhadap pelaku tindak pidana pemilu berupa penghinaan pada saat kegiatan kampanye Di Wilayah Hukum Kepolisian Daerah Sulawesi Utara Resor Sangihe? Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kasus (Case Approach) bertujuan untuk mempelajari penerapan norma-norma atau kaidah hukum yang dilakukan dalam peraktik hukum. peraturan Perundang-undangan (Statute Approach), di lakukan dengan menelaah semua undang-undang dan regulasi yang bersangkut paut dengan isu hukum yang sedang ditangani. Hasil penelitian tesis ini yaitu Upaya Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Pemilu Berupa Penghinaan Pada Saat Kegiatan Kampanye Di Wilayah Hukum Kepolisian Daerah Sulawesi Utara Resor Sangihe dapat dilakukan dengan cara penanggulangan  melalui tiga tahap, yaitu tahap preemtif, tahap preventif, dan tahap represif.
UPAYA PENANGGULANGAN TINDAK PIDANA PENGANIAYAAN DI WILAYAH HUKUM KEPOLISIAN DAERAH SULAWESI UTARA
Authors: Tambahani Hance Brian , Borman M. Syahrul , Handayati Nur , Sidarta Dudik Djaja
Published: October 2024

Tindak pidana penganiayaan merupakan kejahatan serius yang mengganggu ketertiban, keamanan, dan kenyamanan masyarakat. Penganiayaan termasuk perilaku menyimpang yang bertentangan dengan hukum dan merugikan masyarakat. Di wilayah hukum Polda Sulawesi Utara, jumlah kasus penganiayaan cukup tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis upaya penanggulangan tindak pidana penganiayaan oleh Kepolisian Daerah Sulawesi Utara serta mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya tindak pidana penganiayaan tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum empiris yang bersifat deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara dan studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa upaya penanggulangan tindak pidana penganiayaan di Wilayah Hukum Polda Sulut dilakukan melalui tiga cara yaitu upaya pre-emtif berupa himbauan dan ajakan, upaya preventif melalui pembinaan dan pencegahan, serta upaya represif dengan pemberian sanksi. Faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya tindak pidana penganiayaan di Wilayah Hukum Polda Sulut antara lain faktor usia, pendidikan, lingkungan tempat tinggal, ekonomi, kurangnya pemahaman agama dan budaya, konsumsi alkohol, rendahnya kesadaran hukum, serta faktor kepribadian. Diharapkan Polda Sulut dapat meningkatkan efektivitas pencegahan dan penanganan tindak pidana penganiayaan, serta masyarakat dapat berperan aktif dalam melaporkan setiap kejadian penganiayaan kepada aparat kepolisian.
Prognostic criteria for surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence in combination with cystocele in postmenopausal women
Authors: Mikhelson A. A. , Lugovykh E. V. , Lazukina M. V. , Varaksin A. N. , Konstantinova E. D. , Maslakova T. A.
Published: October 2024

Background. The relevance of the problem of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in combination with cystocele has increased significantly over the past decades, due to the high prevalence of the disease in the population, as well as increased awareness of patients about treatment options. It is known that one-stage surgical treatment significantly reduces the need for re-intervention and, accordingly, the rehabilitation period. The identification of significant criteria that are decisive in the eﬀectiveness of various methods of surgical correction of SUI in combination with cystocele dictates the need for further research in this direction.

The purpose of the study. To determine outcome criteria for surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence in combination with cystocele in postmenopausal women based on a comprehensive preoperative examination.

Materials and methods. A prospective randomized study was conducted, which included 80 women with stress urinary incontinence in combination with postmenopausal cystocele, who were routinely hospitalized in the gynecological department of the Federal State Budgetary Institution Research Institute of OMM for surgical treatment. All patients, after signing voluntary informed consent to participate in the study and conducting a comprehensive preoperative examination using a random number generator, were randomized into two groups of equal size. The first group included 40 women who received surgical treatment including anterior colporrhaphy in combination with urethropexy with a synthetic loop; the second group consisted of 40 patients who underwent surgical treatment using the method of paraurethral injection of a volume-forming gel in combination with anterior colporrhaphy.

Results and discussion. Criteria for predicting the outcome of surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence in combination with cystocele in postmenopausal women were determined based on a comprehensive preoperative examination. Conclusion: Analysis of complex urodynamic and ultrasound examination methods in women revealed statistically significant diﬀerences between groups of women with positive and negative outcomes of surgical treatment. The identified criteria for predicting the outcome of surgical treatment serve to assist the clinician in choosing the optimal, most eﬀective method of treating SUI in combination with cystocele in postmenopausal women.

Conclusions. Analysis of complex urodynamic and ultrasound methods of examination in women revealed statistically significant diﬀerences between groups of women with positive and negative outcomes of surgical treatment. The identified criteria for predicting the out-come of surgical treatment serve to assist the clinician in choosing the optimal, most eﬀective method of treating SUI in combination with cystocele in postmenopausal women.
Innovative study of the fetal heart in monochorionic multiple births
Authors: Kosovtsova N. V. , Markova T. V. , Chumarnaya T. V. , Gusarova E. O. , Pavlichenko M. V. , Pospelova Ya. Yu. , Solovyova O. E.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. Fetal echocardiography is currently one of the main methods of prenatal diagnosis. However, in recent years, attention has shifted towards the use of ultrasound to assess fetal myocardial function.

The aim of this study is compare global longitudinal deformation of the myocardium of the left (LV) and right ventricles (RV) of the heart in fetuses with uncomplicated singleton pregnancy, in fetuses from monochorionic twins with transfusion syndrome, selective growth retardation and in uncomplicated monochorionic multiple pregnancy.

Material and methods. A prospective cohort study was conducted which included 60 pregnant patients: Group I — patients with an uncomplicated singleton pregnancy (n=25); Group II — 35 patients with monochorionic diamniotic twins, whose pregnancy in 10 cases was complicated by feto-fetal transfusion syndrome (stages I-III according to Quintero R.A.), in 10 cases — selective growth retardation of the second fetus and in 15 cases monochorionic twins without complications. The following parameters were determined: global longitudinal deformation (GLD) of the myocardium of the ventricles of fetal hearts using the speckle tracking method of ejection fraction (EF), end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes of the ventricles of the heart.

Results. Significant diﬀerences were established in GLD of RV and LV between singleton and monochorionic multiple pregnancies (LV: -21.2 ± 2.03 versus -23.41 ± 0 .25, p = 0.003); RV: — 20.3 ± 2.5 versus -23.3 ± 2.5, p = 0.013). Significant diﬀerences were revealed in GLD of the LV and RV in recipient fetuses before and after laser coagulation of placental anastomoses (LPCA) [LV in recipients before LCPA (- 20.4 ± 2.98) versus LV recipient after LCPA (-24.2 ± 3.3), p = 0.018], [RV in recipients before LKPA (- 20.4 ± 2.8) vs. RV in recipients after laser coagulation of placental anastomoses (-23.7 ± 3.4, p = 0.012].

Conclusion. Assessment of the cardiac function of fetuses from monochorionic twins using the echocardiographic speckle tracking technique makes it possible to identify early changes in fetal myocardial function in twins from monochorionic diamniotic twins, as well as to carry out reliable testing monitoring changes in cardiac function over time.
Makroekonomik İndikatörlerin Finansal Dolarizasyonla İlişkisinin Test Edilmesi: Türkiye Örneği
Authors: Demirel Dr.öğretim Üyesi Serkan
Published: October 2024

Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de dolarizasyonun makroekonomik indikatörler ile ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, Türkiye için oluşturulan bileşik dolarizasyon endeksi (CDI) bağımlı değişken, Türkiye’nin GSYH büyüme oranı, enflasyon oranı, iç borçlanma faizi, reel efektif döviz kuru ve cari bütçe dengesinin GSYH’ye oranı bağımsız değişken olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu değişkenlere ait zaman serileri, 2012Ç4-2023Ç3 dönemini kapsamaktadır. Verilerin analizinde iki rejimli bir Markov değişim modeli uygulanmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre hem Rejim 1 hem de Rejim 2 sonuçları, CDI ile reel efektif döviz kuru arasında negatif bir ilişkiyi tespit etmiştir. Rejim 1’de enflasyonun finansal dolarizasyon üzerinde anlamlı etkisi bulunmazken, özellikle Rejim 2’deki yüksek enflasyon yaşanan dönemlerde CDI de yükselmiştir. Benzer şekilde, Rejim 1’de ekonomik büyüme finansal dolarizasyona anlamlı etki etmezken, Rejim 2’de ekonomik büyümenin azalması CDI’nın artmasına neden olmuştur. Hem Rejim 1 hem de Rejim 2’de, iç borçlanma faizi arttıkça ve de cari bütçe açığının GSYİH’ye oranı arttıkça CDI de artmıştır.
Las regulaciones del empleo en México
Authors: García García María del Carmen , Flores Hernández María Luisa , García Tapia Rafael Dionisio
Published: October 2024

El tema del empleo y sus implicaciones en la economía de un país es una constante. Hacen que el Estado preste atención, ya que es un indicador que influye en el Producto Interno Bruto de una nación. Es una realidad que la economía depende de que los bienes de consumo y servicios se muevan para que haya empleo y atracción de inversores. Eso es precisamente lo que hace que la fuerza laboral gane importancia en una sociedad y de eso trata el accionar de las autoridades, haciendo cumplir su obligación de garantizar que el mayor porcentaje de la población económicamente activa esté en posesión de un empleo. La revisión de este capítulo tiene el propósito de conceptualizar el empleo desde el punto de vista laboral y las oportunidades para seleccionar el empleo que, de acuerdo a la ley, sea el más adecuado. Ha utilizado la investigación cualitativa ya que se moviliza sobre un tema actual y observable en la sociedad, que impacta en ella cuando los efectos son contrarios a ellos. Es una investigación descriptiva que se basa en su conceptualización y análisis en la normativa vigente y observaciones de los organismos internacionales del trabajo. Se han localizado fuentes documentales recientes dado el impacto de la pandemia en la afectación de este tema.
STUDI TENTANG TOLERANSI BERAGAMA BAGI MAHASISWA-MAHASISWI PERGURUAN TINGGI KOTA KUPANG DALAM TERANG NOSTRA AETATE
Authors: Tamelab Petrus , Bele Graciana Amanda
Published: October 2024

The Indonesian state hopes that every religious follower will have an attitude of tolerance in social life. This tolerance is alsoexpected to be realized in the campus environment for students. The focus of this research is to study the attitude of tolerance between religious communities in accordance with the teachings of the Catholic Church in the Second Vatican Council document "Nostra Aetate" which explains that the Catholic Church does not reject anything from other religions that is considered true. The method used in this research is descriptive naturalistic. The results of this research show that religious tolerance is allowing and not interrupting other people's religious activities in social interactions or in establishing social relationships. Religious tolerance also means not picking and choosing, not having negative or negative prejudices against other religions, religious fanaticism, considering other religions as infidels, insulting other religious symbols. Kupang city university students have implemented an attitude of tolerance in social interactions. They respect and respect each other's religion and beliefs
On the issue of the formation and development of archival work in Yakutia (1920-1936)
Authors: Tergyuleva Irina Petrovna
Published: October 2024

The subject of the research is the issue of the formation of archival records management in Yakutia, as well as its development in the period from 1920 to 1936. At the moment, the archival fund of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) includes more than two million storage units, including management documentation with a permanent storage period and personal documents with a temporary storage period. The archives of Yakutia play an important role in the preservation and enrichment of the historical and cultural heritage of the region, contributing to the formation of a reliable information field and providing access to the documents of the archival fund of the republic. Therefore, the issue of the formation of the archival service in Yakutia as an independent body of the archival industry, with a management function, is gaining its relevance. In the work, the author used the method of scientific description, analysis of archival materials and bibliographic sources on the topic of the study. The novelty of the study is the considered process of formation of archival work in Yakutia as an independent body, in the first years of its development with the help of studying and analyzing archival materials contained in the funds of the National Archive of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). As a result of the work, the author comes to the conclusion that the resolution of the Revolutionary Committee of the Yakut ASSR on archival work is becoming a key factor in the formation and development of archival work in Yakutia as an independent body in the archival industry.
Application of ultraviolet light sources in charge management systems for space gravitational wave detection
Authors: Ruan Yuan-Dong , Zhang Zhi-Hao , Jia Jiang-Xie , Gu Yu-Ning , Zhang Shan-Duan , Cui Xu-Gao , Hong Wei , Bai Yan-Zheng , Tian Peng-Fei ,   School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China,   School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
Published: October 2024

Gravitational waves are a kind of matter wave, which is caused by the violent motion and changes of matter and energy. Detecting gravitational waves allows people to observe the universe from a new perspective. In the process of gravitational wave detection, high-energy particles and cosmic rays in space can penetrate the exterior of the spacecraft and reach the surface of the inertial sensor’s test mass (TM), continuously accumulating charges. Once the charge on the TM exceeds a certain threshold, the electrostatic forces between the TM and surrounding conductors generate significant acceleration noise, which will affect the measurement accuracy of the inertial sensors and, consequently, the success of the gravitational wave detection mission. Therefore, controlling the charge on the TM surface, known as charge management, is essential. The most commonly used charge management method is based on the photoelectric effect, using ultraviolet (UV) light to control the potential between the surface of the TM and the surrounding conductors. In previous charge management systems (CMSs), UV mercury lamps and UV light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were used as light sources, achieving varying levels of success. This paper mainly reviews the research progress of UV light sources in CMS for space gravitational wave detection. Mercury lamps, as the first-generation system light sources, can fulfill the mission but have some drawbacks such as slow startup, high power consumption and significant electromagnetic interference. UV LEDs, because of their advantages in size and weight, have gradually become the current light source for CMS. In recent years, with the development of UV micro-LED technology, UV micro-LEDs have achieved higher external quantum efficiency and lower power consumption, demonstrating their potential applications in CMS, and becoming a promising UV light source for future charge management systems.
A new class of receptors: Lipids regulate mammalian Gsα-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activities via their membrane anchors
Authors: Landau Marius , Elsabbagh Sherif , Gross Harald , Fuchs Adrian , Schultz Anita CF , Schultz Joachim E
Published: October 2024

The biosynthesis of cAMP by mammalian membrane-bound adenylyl cyclases (mACs) is predominantly regulated by G-protein-coupled-receptors (GPCRs). Up to now the two hexahelical transmembrane domains of mACs were considered to fix the enzyme to membranes. Here we show that the transmembrane domains serve in addition as signal receptors and transmitters of lipid signals that control Gsα-stimulated mAC activities. We identify aliphatic fatty acids and anandamide as receptor ligands of mAC isoforms 1 to 7 and 9. The ligands enhance (mAC isoforms 2, 3, 7, and 9) or attenuate (isoforms 1, 4, 5, and 6) Gsα-stimulated mAC activities
in vitro
and
in vivo
. Substitution of the stimulatory membrane receptor of mAC3 by the inhibitory receptor of mAC5 results in a ligand inhibited mAC5- mAC3 chimera. Thus, we discovered a new class of membrane receptors in which two signaling modalities are at a crossing, direct tonic lipid and indirect phasic GPCR-Gsα signaling regulating the biosynthesis of cAMP.
Somatic mutation rates scale with time not growth rate in long-lived tropical trees
Authors: Satake Akiko , Imai Ryosuke , Fujino Takeshi , Tomimoto Sou , Ohta Kayoko , Na'iem Mohammad , Indrioko Sapto , Widiyatno Widiyatno , Purnomo Susilo , Morales Almudena Molla , Nizhynska Viktoria , Tani Naoki , Suyama Yoshihisa , Sasaki Eriko , Kasahara Masahiro
Published: October 2024

The rates of appearance of new mutations play a central role in evolution. However, mutational processes in natural environments and their relationship with growth rates are largely unknown, particular in tropical ecosystems with high biodiversity. Here, we examined the somatic mutation landscapes of two tropical trees, Shorea laevis (slow-growing) and S. leprosula (fast-growing), in central Borneo, Indonesia. Using newly constructed genomes, we identified a greater number of somatic mutations in tropical trees than in temperate trees. In both species, we observed a linear increase in the number of somatic mutations with physical distance between branches. However, we found that the rate of somatic mutation accumulation per meter of growth was 3.7-fold higher in S. laevis than in S. leprosula. This difference in the somatic mutation rate was scaled with the slower growth rate of S. laevis compared to S. leprosula, resulting in a constant somatic mutation rate per year between the two species. We also found that somatic mutations are neutral within an individual, but those mutations transmitted to the next generation are subject to purifying selection. These findings suggest that somatic mutations accumulate with absolute time and older trees have a greater contribution towards generating genetic variation.
Actin dynamics switches two distinct modes of endosomal fusion in yolk sac visceral endoderm cells
Authors: Koike Seiichi , Tachikawa Masashi , Tsutsumi Motosuke , Okada Takuya , Nemoto Tomomi , Keino-Masu Kazuko , Masu Masayuki
Published: October 2024

Membranes undergo various patterns of deformation during vesicle fusion, but how this membrane deformation is regulated and contributes to fusion remains unknown. In this study, we developed a new method of observing the fusion of individual late endosomes and lysosomes by using mouse yolk sac visceral endoderm cells that have huge endocytic vesicles. We found that there were two distinct fusion modes that were differently regulated. In homotypic fusion, two late endosomes fused quickly, whereas in heterotypic fusion they fused to lysosomes slowly. Mathematical modeling showed that vesicle size is a critical determinant of these fusion types and that membrane fluctuation forces can overcome the vesicle size effects. We found that actin filaments were bound to late endosomes and forces derived from dynamic actin remodeling were necessary for quick fusion during homotypic fusion. Furthermore, cofilin played a role in endocytic fusion by regulating actin turnover. These data suggest that actin promotes vesicle fusion for efficient membrane trafficking in visceral endoderm cells.
Unraveling the impact of congenital deafness on individual brain organization
Authors: Amaral Lénia , Wang Xiaosha , Bi Yanchao , Striem-Amit Ella
Published: October 2024

Research on brain plasticity, particularly in the context of deafness, consistently emphasizes the reorganization of the auditory cortex. However, a critical question arises: to what extent do all individuals with deafness show the same level of reorganization? To address this question, we examined the individual differences in deafness functional connectivity (FC), specifically from the deprived auditory cortex. Our findings demonstrate a remarkable differentiation between individuals deriving from the absence of shared auditory experiences, resulting in heightened FC variability among deaf individuals, compared to more consistent FC in the hearing group. Notably, connectivity to language regions becomes more diverse across individuals in deafness. This does not stem from delayed language acquisition, as it is found in deaf native signers, who are exposed to rich natural language since birth. However, comparing FC diversity between deaf native signers and deaf delayed signers who were deprived of language in early development, we show that language experience also impacts individual differences, although to a more moderate extent. Overall, our research points out the intricate interplay between brain plasticity and individual differences, shedding light on the diverse ways reorganization manifests among individuals. It further joins findings in blindness, showing that individual differences are affected by sensory experience. Finally, these findings highlight the importance of considering individual differences in personalized rehabilitation for hearing loss.
Muscarinic receptors mediate motivation via preparatory neural activity in humans
Authors: Grogan John P , Raemaekers Matthias , Van Swieten Maaike MH , Green Alexander L , Gillies Martin J , Manohar Sanjay G
Published: October 2024

Motivation depends on dopamine, but might be modulated by acetylcholine which influences dopamine release in the striatum, and amplifies motivation in animal studies. A corresponding effect in humans would be important clinically, since anticholinergic drugs are frequently used in Parkinson’s disease, a condition that can also disrupt motivation. Reward and dopamine make us more ready to respond, as indexed by reaction times (RT), and move faster, sometimes termed vigour. These effects may be controlled by preparatory processes that can be tracked using electroencephalography (EEG). We measured vigour in a placebo-controlled, double-blinded study of trihexyphenidyl (THP), a muscarinic antagonist, with an incentivised eye movement task and EEG. Participants responded faster and with greater vigour when incentives were high, but THP blunted these motivation effects, suggesting that muscarinic receptors facilitate invigoration by reward.Preparatory EEG build-up (contingent negative variation; CNV) was strengthened by high incentives and by muscarinic blockade, although THP reduced the incentive-effect. The amplitude of preparatory activity predicted both vigour and RT, although over distinct scalp regions; frontal activity predicted vigour, whereas a larger, earlier, central component predicted RT. The incentivisation of RT was partly mediated by the CNV, though vigour was not. Moreover, the CNV mediated the drug’s effect on dampening incentives, suggesting that muscarinic receptors underlie the motivational influence on this preparatory activity. Taken together, these findings show that a muscarinic blocker impairs motivated action in healthy people, and that medial frontal preparatory neural activity mediates this for RT.
Effects of Frequency-Composition Algorithm and Phoneme-Based Auditory Training in Older Hearing Aid Users
Authors: Lee Mikyung , Lee Jae Hee
Published: October 2024

Background and Objectives: Frequency-lowering (FL) algorithms improve the audibility of high-frequency sounds by shifting inaudible high-frequency components to audible low-frequency regions. However, the FL algorithm has yielded mixed findings. This study involved two experiments. The first experiment investigated whether objective and subjective auditory outcomes would be enhanced by activating frequency composition (Fcomp), which is a type of FL technique. The second experiment determined whether auditory training with Fcomp activation would provide perceptual benefits to older hearing aid users. Subjects and Methods: Twelve older hearing aid users with moderate to profound high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss participated in this study. In Experiment I, all participants received a 4-week adaptation period to Fcomp before the measurement, and then the influence of Fcomp was evaluated. In Experiment II, among the 12 participants in Experiment I, five received 8-week phoneme-based auditory training while activating Fcomp, whereas the remaining seven did not receive training but continued to use Fcomp as non-trained controls. Results: In Experiment I, 4-week passive accli­matization period to Fcomp did not improve speech-in-quiet recognition or self-perceived sound quality. In Experiment II, active pho­neme-based training enhanced recognition of consonants and words as well as better speech-quality ratings for trained participants. The consecutive use of Fcomp did not lead to any differences for non-trained participants. Conclusions: Overall, phoneme-based auditory training would allow older hearing aid users to relearn frequency-lowered speech sounds and reduce phonetic confusion. However, the analytical training approach did not lead to transfer to sentence recognition or overall satisfaction with the hearing aids.
Understanding Standard Procedure in Auditory Brainstem Response: Importance of Normative Data
Authors: Kwak Chanbeom , Byun Yuseon , You Sunghwa , Sagong Junghee , Kim Do-Yun , Cho Wan-Ho , Kong Tae Hoon , Oh Soo Hee , Jin In-Ki , Suh Michelle J. , Lee Hyo-Jeong , Choi Seong Jun , Cha Dongchul , Park Kyung-Ho , Seo Young Joon
Published: October 2024

The auditory brainstem response (ABR) is a noninvasive test that measures neural activity in response to auditory stimuli. Racial differences in head shape have provided strong evidence for specific normative data and accurate device calibration. International standards emphasize the need for standardized procedures and references. This study aimed to outline the standard procedure and related normative ABR values. Standard procedures were performed according to International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards. Five studies from two countries were included to compare the normative values of the ABR. The dataset from the National Standard Reference Data Center (NSRDC) was used as reference. Normative values were described in terms of stimuli, latency, and amplitude. For click stimuli, the latency of the ABR showed different patterns across populations, such as those from Korea and the USA. Although the latencies reported by the NSRDC and for Koreans were relatively short, those reported for USA populations were longer. Using clicks, it was shown that the USA population had the largest ABR amplitude compared to those reported for the other two datasets. For Wave V latency using tone bursts, a similar pattern was identified with click stimuli. Frequency-specific trends were also observed. Although there is a lack of ABR datasets, the information and insights of the present study could be utilized as standard guidelines in research on ABR.
Morphological and Molecular Identification of Root-knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita Infecting Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
Authors: Deshwal Basant , Chawla Gautam , K. V. V. S. Kavalipurapu Kranti
Published: October 2024

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) pose a major threat to pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivation in India, leading to significant yield losses. In this study, galled roots of pomegranate were collected from orchards in Jodhpur, Rajasthan and nematode infestation was confirmed through root staining. The perineal pattern of females displayed the typical characteristics of the Meloidogyne incognita. To further confirm the species, DNA was extracted and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using species-specific SCAR (sequence-characterized amplified region) primers was conducted. The M. incognita- species specific primers, MincF1/MincR1, yielded the expected 150 bp product, verifying the presence of M. incognita. This study marks the first molecular confirmation of M. incognita infecting pomegranate orchards in this region, demonstrating the efficacy of SCAR markers in complementing traditional morphological identification as well.
Evaluating the Serum Zinc and Testosterone Levels of Carpenters in Enugu Metropolis, South East Nigeria: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Okechukwu Obianyido Hector , Ebere Obianyido Ozioma , Mmesomachi Mbalu Confidence , Chukwunonso Ezekafor Ikenna , Nwachukwu Okwuosa Chukwugozie
Published: October 2024

Background: Exposure to wood dust remains a pervasive occupational hazard with significant health implications
Aim: This study aims to investigate the impact of occupational exposure to wood dust on the zinc and testosterone levels of carpenters and to explore its potential implications for their fertility.
Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study employed simple random sampling to recruit forty carpenters and forty administrative staff after obtaining informed consent. The ethics committee of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital approved of the study. Serum zinc was analyzed with atomic absorption spectroscopy while testosterone was analyzed with the Fluorescence Immunchromatogarphy. Graph pad prism version 7 was used to analyze the data obtained from the study and a p value of 0.05 was used to ascertain statistical significance.
Results: The mean zinc level of the test group (48.80 ± 0.83) µg/dl is statistically significantly lower than the reference group (52.40 ± 0.79) µg/dl, (p=0.003). The mean serum testosterone level of the test group (4.11± 0.10) ng/ml is statistically significantly lower than the reference group (4.51 ± 0.11) ng/ml, (p=0.010).
Conclusion: These findings may suggest that occupational exposure to wood dust could potentially influence the serum levels of Zinc and testosterone levels.
Python-Based Water Quality Evaluation of Tranza and Albarika Wells
Authors: Yovo Franck , Sakirigui Amoussatou , Fatondji Raymond , Saloufou Kossivi Issa , Togbé Alexis , Topanou Nikita , Djabi Arafath , Fatombi Jacques K. , Dimon Biaou
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The increase in waterborne diseases in certain remote areas of Benin led the study to conduct surveys on the different waters used by these inhabitants.
Aims: This study is conducted to assess the probable risks related to the physicochemical and bacteriological quality of well water consumed by the population of the Tranza and Albarika neighborhoods.
Place and Duration of Study: Water samples were collected from 20 wells (open and closed in Albarika and Tranza districts) in the Parakou commune and analyzed at the LaKReCA laboratory between April and July 2024.
Methodology: A two-stage methodology was used to approach this study. Thus, a survey was conducted with the aim of determining the actual fraction of the population using well water as drinking water. The physicochemical and bacteriological parameters were determined according to standard normalization in order to assess water quality using Python software for the statistical study.
Results: The results show that 26.66% of the inhabitants of the Tranza and Albarika districts are subscribers to SONEB against 20.01% who use well water as drinking water. In addition, the waters are colored (16.16±5.86 Pt/Co), cloudy (69±3.22 NTU), loaded (678.58±6.07 µS/cm), rich in magnesium (132.42±7.87mg/L), calcium (52.73±1.68mg/L), chlorine (88.23±1.96mg/L) and have high alkalinity contents (194.49±16.57mg/L). They are hard (185.09±5.09 mg/L) and can cause waterborne diseases depending on their total coliform (23 CFU) and E. coli (5 CFU) contents. The correlation between the parameters shows that a magnesium content equal to 67 mg/L leads to a high value of total coliform and calcium in well water.
Conclusion: Ultimately, the origin of the pollution can be attributed to sanitation, household waste, the transfer of pollutants from surface layers, the conditions of drawing water and the structure of the wells. In the long term, the use of well water could constitute a significant health risk for the majority of the inhabitants of Tranza and Albarika in the city of Parakou.
Biological Characterization of Geo-Referenced Soil Samples from Major Rice-Growing Tracts of Southern Kerala
Authors: B Kamali. , Aparna B. , B Rani , Joseph Biju , V Mini , Thomas Usha C
Published: October 2024

A survey was conducted from January to March 2023 to assess the soil biological fertility index across five agro-ecological units in the rice-growing belts of Southern Kerala. These units included Onattukara sandy loam (AEU 3), Kari soil (AEU 4), Pokkali soil (AEU 5), Southern laterites (AEU 8), and Midland laterites (AEU 9). The study was carried out in the College of Agriculture, Vellayani Thiruvananthapuram. The survey aimed to assess microbial activity and organic carbon content, thereby enhancing our understanding of the biological fertility across these diverse soil types. Twenty geo-referenced surface soil samples @ 0- 15 cm were collected in every AEU by prescribed method. The collected samples were subjected to the characterization of soil biological properties such as dehydrogenase activity, organic carbon, microbial biomass C, microbial biomass N and soil respiratory rate following the standard protocol. The findings showed that organic carbon in AEU 5 with the highest mean value (3.03 %), followed by AEU 4 (2.19 %), AEU 9 (2.01 %), AEU 8 (1.01 %), and AEU 3 (0.56 %). Dehydrogenase activity was highest in AEU 5 (682.54 µg TPF g-1 hr-1), followed by AEU 4, AEU 9, and AEU 8, and lowest in AEU 3 (76.71 µg TPF g-1 hr-1). AEU 5 exhibited the highest microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen activities, while AEU 8 showed the lowest. Soil respiration was highest in AEU 5 and lowest in AEU 3. Based on these soil microbiological indicators, soils were classified into three categories: low, medium, and high fertility. The Biological Fertility Index (BFI) scores indicated favorable conditions in AEU 4 and 5, moderate in AEU 9, and low in AEU 3 and 8. By establishing a comprehensive understanding of soil biological fertility across various agro-ecological units, the research aims to contribute to improved soil health and crop productivity in the region.
Yield and Economic Analysis of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) as Influenced by the Nano Forms of Nitrogen and Zinc
Authors: Lahari Shagam , Hussain S. A , Parameswari Y. S. , Sharma S. Harish Kumar
Published: October 2024

A field experiment was conducted at College Farm of College of Agriculture located in Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, conducted research during the rabi season of 2020-21, focusing on the effects of nano nitrogen and nano zinc in sandy loam soils. The experimental design employed was a randomized block design (RBD), comprising ten distinct treatments, each replicated three times. The treatments viz., Control (T1), 100% N through urea (T2), T2 + soil application of ZnSO4 at transplanting (T3), T2 + foliar spray of 4 ml L-1 nano nitrogen at tillering and before panicle initiation stage (T4), T2 + foliar spray of 2 ml L-1 nano zinc at tillering and before panicle initiation stage (T5), T2 + foliar spray of 4 ml L-1 nano nitrogen at tillering and before panicle initiation stage + foliar spray of 2 ml L-1 nano zinc at tillering and before panicle initiation stage (T6), 75% N through urea + foliar spray of 4 ml L-1 nano nitrogen before panicle initiation stage. (T7), T7 + foliar spray of 2 ml L-1 nano zinc at tillering and before panicle initiation stage (T8), 50% N through urea + foliar spray of 4 ml L-1 nano nitrogen at tillering and before panicle initiation stage (T9), T9 + foliar spray of 2 ml L-1 nano zinc at tillering and before panicle initiation stage (T10). The results indicated that the highest grain yield (6810 kg ha-1) was registered with treatment T10 which is on par with T9. The highest net returns (86649 Rs ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.99) were noticed by the application of T10.
The Prevalence of Abnormal Cervical Cytology at Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Obiano Emeka Victor , Laima Christopher Hassan , Farouk Halima Usman
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Cervical cancer continues to be a significant public health concern, ranking as the fourth most common cancer among women globally, with approximately 604,000 new cases and 342,000 deaths reported in 2020 (World Health Organization, 2020). The burden of cervical cancer disproportionately affects women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where access to effective screening and treatment options is often limited. Early detection and treatment of cervical premalignant lesions are crucial in reducing the incidence and mortality associated with this preventable disease.
The objectives of this study was to determine the prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology, the histological types and patient characteristics among patients attending the Gynaecology/postnatal clinic of Federal Teaching Hospital, Gombe State, Nigeria.
Methods: A retrospective study of all cervical smears received and processed at the Pathology laboratory of Federal Teaching Hospital between January 2022 and December 2022.
Results: The records of 596 smears of women between the ages of 20 and 65 years were retrieved and analyzed. Negative smears were predominant (62.6%) while 8.7% were inflammatory smears. Dyskaryotic smears were found in 155 smears (26.0%); this was made up atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance (AGCUS) in 1.8%, Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) in 10.23%, Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) in 10.6% and High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) in 3.6%. Malignant cells were found in 0.5% of the smears while the remaining 2.1% were unsatisfactory.
Conclusion: The relatively high frequency of dyskaryosis in this study lends credence to the need for us to widen our cervical screening coverage in order to achieve the highest possible coverage rate. This can be achieved through the use of public education by means of various media, women and religious organizations.
Effect of Modified Atmospheric Storage on Seed Longevity of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]
Authors: Chalageri Madhu , Deshpande V K , Hunje Ravi , Mirajkar Kiran , Nagaraj  , Bharath S S
Published: October 2024

Seed quality is crucial for boosting seed production and productivity. However, soybean seeds are inherently short lived, quickly loses viability even under optimal storage conditions. Therefore, maintaining their quality during storage is of prime importance. Keeping these in view a laboratory experiment was conducted to study the effect of modified atmospheric storage on seed quality of soybean (cv. DSb 34). The freshly harvested seeds with initial moisture content of 7.6% were stored in different modified atmospheric gaseous combinations for nine months from November 2023- August 2024. Results indicated that the seeds stored with gaseous combination of 90 % CO2: 4 % O2: 6 % N2 in 700 gauge polyethylene bag maintained better seed quality in terms of germination (86.77%), shoot length (14.49 cm), root length (12.58 cm), dry weight(0.995g/ 10 seedlings), seedling vigour index I (2349) and II (86.34) upto the end of nine months storage period by recording higher total dehydrogenase (0.438 OD value), α- amylase (10.72 µmol of maltose released min-¹ ml-1 of enzyme) and catalase activity (1.364 µmol H₂O₂ decomposed minˉ¹gˉ¹ protein) compared to all other gaseous combinations and control. Hence, this technique can be used to maintain seed longevity with little deterioration, ensuring the quality of seeds even after extended storage period.
Social Media Preferences and Usage Behaviour among Indonesians Insights and Implications for Business Strategies
Authors: Miranti Dewi Yudho , Rewindinar  , Andrian Pieter
Published: October 2024

This study explores social media preferences and behaviors among Indonesian users aged 18 to 64, surveyed between August and September 2024. Utilizing a sample of 156 respondents, the research aims to uncover patterns in platform usage, content preferences, and receptivity to advertisements. The results reveal that Instagram is the most used and preferred social media platform among respondents, positioning it as a crucial channel for businesses targeting the Indonesian market. These findings offer valuable insights into the social media habits of Indonesian users, providing practical implications for businesses looking to optimize their digital marketing strategies.
By identifying key trends in platform popularity, user behavior, and engagement with specific types of content, businesses can better tailor their digital outreach and advertising efforts. The study also highlights that users are most engaged during particular times of the day and show a strong preference for content related to entertainment, education, and career development. These insights allow businesses to strategically target users with personalized content that aligns with their interests and maximizes engagement. Furthermore, the importance of understanding consumer preferences in shaping effective advertising campaigns is emphasized, particularly in the rapidly evolving digital landscape of Indonesia.
This study shows the dominance of Instagram platform among social users.