bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Types of Phasmida in the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg (ZMAS)
Authors: BROCK PAUL D.
Published: December 2016

Type specimens of 67 taxa of Phasmida (including probable type specimens of 24 taxa) have been located in the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg. The species are listed alphabetically, with the number of specimens, sex and locality data.
Taxonomy of 'Euconnus complex'. Part IX. Problematic synonymy between Pycnophus and Nudatoconnus (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae)
Authors: JAŁOSZYŃSKI PAWEŁ
Published: December 2016

The subgenus Nudatoconnus Franz of Euconnus Thomson was established for a group of Neotropical species, but later this name was placed as a junior synonym of Pycnophus Casey; the type species of the latter taxon is Nearctic. Examination of the type series of Scydmaenus rasus LeConte (type species of Pycnophus) and Euconnus sphaerocephalus Franz (type species of Nudatoconnus) revealed that both taxa share strikingly similar general appearance, especially the shape of the head and pronotum and largely reduced dorsal setae, and many taxonomically important structures that may justify the previously proposed synonymy. Differences are relatively minor (e.g., Sc. rasus lacks prosternal process, present as a narrow carina in E. sphaerocephalus), except for the shape of the mesoventral intercoxal process. In Sc. rasus, the process is typical as in Euconnus s. str. (and all remaining, previously studied subgenera of Euconnus), i.e., narrowly carinate and strongly elevated. In E. sphaerocephalus, however, the mesoventral process is strongly broadened and flattened ventrally. This unusual structure may justify not only removing Nudatoconnus from synonymy with Pycnophus, but even treating it as a separate genus. However, similarities in other structures between Sc. rasus and E. sphaerocephalus are so numerous that it seems unlikely that the two species are not closely related. More logical explanation is that the unusual form of the mesoventral process is derived from the typical narrow keel and has evolved as an autapomorphy of E. sphaerocephalus or a group of species related to the latter, possibly within Euconnus (Pycnophus). The synonymy is maintained, pending further study.
Review of Scydmaenus (Geoscydmaenus) of Madagascar (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae)
Authors: JAŁOSZYŃSKI PAWEŁ
Published: December 2016

Two species of Scydmaenus (Geoscydmaenus) are known to occur in Madagascar, but original descriptions do not allow for unambiguous identification. Based on the type specimens and a recently collected additional material, Sc. isaloensis Franz and Sc. madagassicus Franz are redescribed. Several differences between these species listed by Franz had been misinterpreted; consequently species diagnoses are emended. Morphological structures of Geoscydmaenus are illustrated and discussed, and it is concluded that in future this taxon may be elevated to genus rank. However, as morphological structures of most subgenera of Scydmaenus remain exceptionally poorly studied and knowledge of character variability is scarce, it is too early to reclassify this large genus.
Diagnostic clarification, new morphological data and phylogenetic placement of Amphisbaena arenaria Vanzolini, 1991 (Amphisbaenia, Amphisbaenidae)
Authors: TEIXEIRA MAURO JUNIOR , VECHIO FRANCISCO DAL , RODRIGUES MIGUEL TREFAUT
Published: December 2016

Several decades ago, Vanzolini (1991) described Amphisbaena arenaria Vanzolini, 1991 based on a single individual (MZUSP 65817) collected at Raso da Catarina, a large flat sandy deposit at the southern bank of São Francisco River. In the same paper he described A. frontalis Vanzolini, 1991 based on specimens collected at another sandy area, at the northern bank of São Francisco River, both in Bahia state, Brazil. As conflicting values are presented throughout his paper, the diagnosis of A. arenaria still needs clarification. We here comment on these differences and re-diagnose A. arenaria including new topotypic material, providing its phylogenetic placement and a new state record.
Promoting Sustainable Consumption Behaviors: The Impacts of Environmental Attitudes and Governance in a Cross-National Context
Authors: Wang Yan
Published: December 2016

This article assesses the impacts of individual-level environmental attitudes and national-level environmental governance on individual sustainable consumption. Multilevel analysis based on data from 31 countries shows that three key environmental attitudes, environmental concern, environmental efficacy, and perceived environmental impact, are all positively associated with sustainable consumption behavior. Environmental governance is found to have different impacts in high-income compared with other countries analyzed. In high-income countries, effective environmental governance encourages people to participate in sustainable consumption, whereas it discourages people’s participation in other countries. In addition, in high-income countries, people with strong proenvironmental attitudes are more likely to consume sustainably in the face of weak environmental governance; in other countries, however, the attitude–behavior association is strengthened in the face of effective governance. The results highlight the importance of individual attitudes and the broader context in influencing proenvironmental behaviors, and suggest that sustainable consumption should be understood as a social process accomplished through collaboration between individual consumers and institutions.
Understanding Financial Barriers to Care in Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Campbell David J. T. , Manns Braden J. , Hemmelgarn Brenda R. , Sanmartin Claudia , Edwards Alun , King-Shier Kathryn
Published: December 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to better understand the impact that financial barriers have on patients with diabetes and the strategies that they use to cope with them.

Methods

A secondary analysis was conducted of 24 interviews with patients who had either type 1 or type 2 diabetes and perceived financial barriers, which were previously undertaken for a larger grounded theory study. Semistructured interviews were undertaken either face-to-face or by telephone. Data analysis was performed by 3 reviewers using inductive thematic analysis. Sampling for the original study continued until data saturation was achieved.

Results

The predominant aspects of care to which participants described financial barriers were medications, diabetes supplies, and healthy food. A variety of strategies are used by these patients. Participants described that their health care providers had the potential to either play an important supporting role; or alternatively, that they could also worsen the impacts of financial barriers.

Conclusions

Patients with diabetes experience financial barriers to various aspects of their care. While they use a variety of strategies to overcome their barriers, their health care providers can play a particularly important role in helping them manage these important barriers that impact their care and outcomes. Providers should ask patients about the existence of financial barriers, and employ strategies to mitigate against their impact.
Effects of Pediatric Anticipatory Guidance on Mothers of Young Children
Authors: Hsu Hui-Chin , Lee Shih-Yu , Lai Chin-Man , Tsai Wan-Ling , Chiu Hsiao-Tung
Published: December 2016

Provision of anticipatory guidance to parents during well-child visits is a defining component of pediatric primary care. Using nationally representative data from the 2000 U.S. National Survey of Early Childhood Health, this study addressed the questions of whether, how, and what mothers of children below age 3 with different ethnic/racial background could benefit from anticipatory guidance. Structural equation modeling results showed that across ethnic/racial groups, guidance was directly associated with decreased maternal stress and directly and indirectly associated with effective parenting practices in child development, discipline, and safety. Moreover, guidance was consistently associated with decreased stress (effect size = .159/.123/.252) and increased effective parenting practices in child development (total effect = .090/.179/.296), discipline (total effect = .079/.138/.111), and safety (total effect = .186/.204/.229) in White/Black/Latino groups, respectively. Finally, whereas guidance was directly associated with child safety in all groups, it was indirectly contributed to child development and discipline via maternal stress in the Latino group only.
Geographic Variation of Plant Circadian Clock Function in Natural and Agricultural Settings
Authors: Greenham Kathleen , Lou Ping , Puzey Joshua R. , Kumar Ganesh , Arnevik Cindy , Farid Hany , Willis John H. , McClung C. Robertson
Published: December 2016

The increasing demand for improved agricultural production will require more efficient breeding for traits that maintain yield under heterogeneous environments. The internal circadian oscillator is essential for perceiving and coordinating environmental cues such as day length, temperature, and abiotic stress responses within physiological processes. To investigate the contribution of the circadian clock to local adaptability, we have analyzed circadian period by leaf movement in natural populations of Mimulus guttatus and domesticated cultivars of Glycine max. We detected consistent variation in circadian period along a latitudinal gradient in annual populations of the wild plant and the selectively bred crop, and this provides novel evidence of natural and artificial selection for circadian performance. These findings provide new support that the circadian clock acts as a central regulator of plant adaptability and further highlight the potential of applying circadian clock gene variation to marker-assisted breeding programs in crops.
From Me to You
Authors: Faasse Kate , Petrie Keith J.
Published: December 2016

The social context in which people take medicines can strongly influence the drug response in both positive and negative ways. We first examine the role of social modeling in influencing treatment outcomes through modifying placebo and nocebo responses, and then explore possible mechanisms for these effects. Viewing another person show improvement after taking a drug can increase the placebo component of the medicine and thus the overall potency of the treatment. Likewise, seeing another person who has taken the same medicine report side effects can substantially increase adverse effects. Such effects can also occur on a wider scale following changes in medicine formulations or from vaccinations programs, when the media transmit adverse effects from these treatments to a wider audience. Females seem to be more susceptible than males to the social modeling of adverse effects of treatments. A greater awareness of the effects of social modeling has potential to improve the effectiveness of medical treatments, minimize side-effect burden, and also lead to more effective management of health scares.
Duration in Poverty-Related Programs and Number of Child Maltreatment Reports
Authors: Kim Hyunil , Drake Brett
Published: December 2016

This study examined the relationship of a family’s duration in poverty-related programs (i.e., Aid to Families with Dependent Children/Temporary Assistance for Needy Families and Medicaid) to the subject child’s number of maltreatment reports while considering race and baseline neighborhood poverty. Children from a large Midwestern metropolitan area were followed through a linked cross-sector administrative database from birth to age 15. Generalized multilevel models were employed to account for the multilevel structure of the data (i.e., nesting of families within neighborhoods). The data showed a unique and significant contribution of duration in poverty-related programs to the number of maltreatment reports. The predicted number of maltreatment reports increased by between 2.5 and 3.7 times, as duration in poverty-related programs increased from 0 to 9 years. This relationship was consistent between Whites and non-Whites (over 98% Black), but non-Whites showed a significantly lower number of total maltreatment reports while controlling for duration in poverty-related programs. We were unable to find a significant association between child maltreatment reports and baseline neighborhood poverty.
Numerical investigation of oscillations within a harbor of parabolic bottom induced by small-scale landslides
Authors: Shao Dong , Feng Xi , Feng Weibing
Published: December 2016

Oscillations within a rectangular harbor of parabolic bottom induced by small-scale landslides are investigated numerically based on Boussinesq-type equations and the results are used to reveal the characteristics of the oscillations generated on this type of bottom profile. Relatively, local and small-scale landslides within the harbor may induce obvious transverse oscillations. The predominant transverse components are those with small mode numbers m and n when the solid slides start moving from the backwall. The augmentation of the velocity of the slides along the parabolic seafloor may shift the amplitudes of the oscillation components to larger values, which corresponds to the physical understandings of the waves generated by landslides. In comparing the oscillations induced by the slides of constant velocity and those accelerated by gravity force with bottom friction, it is observed that the movements accelerated by gravity force may facilitate the development of certain oscillation modes while those with constant velocity may be in favor of others. While the landslides may not act on an isolated point of the bottom but follow a certain trajectory along the harbor, the transverse oscillations induced by landslides are sensitive to their position of departure both in the cross-harbor direction and in the offshore direction. The numerical result of each transverse eigenfrequency is very close to the theoretical prediction and the spatial structure of each mode may also be well captured by the existing analytical solutions based on shallow water equations. Although longitudinal oscillations may not be steadily generated with landslide movements on a parabolic bottom within the harbor, some patterns of several low-mode ones occur and are also sensitive to the initial location and trajectory of the slides. Wavelet spectra are used to analyze their evolutions and comparisons are made with theoretical predictions.
Characterization of amorphous carbon fibers produced from thermally stabilized polyamide 6 fibers
Authors: Karacan Ismail , Meşeli Hekime
Published: December 2016

Amorphous carbon fiber from polyamide 6 (PA6) precursor was produced using a multi-step procedure consisting of oxidative stabilization in air at 180℃ in the presence of cupric chloride impregnation, pre-carbonization at 250℃ and carbonization at temperatures ranging from 500℃ to 1000℃ in nitrogen. The results obtained from thermal analysis data suggested that cupric chloride impregnation enhanced thermal stability. During the oxidative stabilization process, a polymorphic structure consisting of α- and γ-phases was eliminated due to the decrystallization process. The pre-carbonization step was found to be necessary to enhance the thermal stability of oxidatively stabilized PA6 fiber prior to carbonization. The results suggested that the pre-carbonization step improved the aromatization and crosslinking reactions. The results obtained from the experimental data suggested that the carbonization temperature had an effective role on the molecular structure and properties of the resulting carbon fibers. The carbon fibers obtained from stabilized and pre-carbonized PA6 fibers showed physical and structural changes with rising temperature. They were characterized by a reduction in fiber diameter, linear density, carbon fiber yield, hydrogen and nitrogen content values due to the removal of non-carbon elements together with increases in the values of density, crystallite thickness, carbon content, C/H ratio and electrical conductivity values. The results obtained from X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis suggested that the crystalline structure was totally lost and converted to a carbonized structure at 500℃ and above due to the formation of an amorphous carbon structure during carbonization reactions.
Evaluation of the McGrath® MAC videolaryngoscope in a tertiary teaching hospital
Authors: Wong Jolin , Tan Zihui , Wong Patrick
Published: December 2016

Background:

Videolaryngoscopes have become increasingly popular in recent years for use in both normal and difficult airways. Despite this trend, their benefit remains controversial. The McGrath® MAC videolaryngoscope (Aircraft Medical Ltd, Edinburgh, UK) is used for first line or rescue intubation, and for training in videolaryngoscopy intubation. We conducted a prospective observational study to assess the performance of the McGrath® MAC.

Methods:

We evaluated the use of the McGrath® MAC videolaryngoscope from January 2016 to April 2016. We recruited 500 adult patients undergoing elective surgery requiring endotracheal intubation. Data was collected via an online survey. The primary outcome was the success of intubation with the McGrath® MAC. Secondary outcomes included the ease of the McGrath® MAC insertion, best glottic view, ease of tracheal tube insertion, number of intubation attempts, evidence of airway trauma, quality of view, adjunct used, airway manoeuvres used, quality of image on monitor screen and overall impression of the device.

Results:

A total of 428 responses were analysed. The overall success rate was 97.9% (95% confidence interval 96.0–99.0%). The success rate for those with predictors of difficult airway was 95.5% (95% confidence interval 87.6–99.5%). Easy scope insertion was reported by 97.2% of anaesthetists and 89.7% reported easy tube insertion. Some of our cases (1.9%) were complicated by airway trauma involving superficial oropharyngeal or lip injury.

Conclusion:

The McGrath® MAC videolaryngoscope is a good choice for a videolaryngoscope, conferring advantages of a high intubation success rate, ease of laryngoscope insertion and ease of intubation. It is suitable for use in predicted difficult airways.
Genetic Testing of Presymptomatic Individuals at Risk for Progressive Myopathy
Authors: Simmons Zachary
Published: December 2016

Patients and their family members often ask about genetic testing for asymptomatic individuals who are at risk for developing a genetic disorder. Ordering a genetic test is a complex process involving consideration of many basic ethical principles including autonomy, beneficence, and nonmaleficence, as well as the physician’s duty to act in the patient’s best interest. Physicians have many choices regarding what tests to order, and they must develop the knowledge and skills to best discuss genetic testing with their patients. Integration of core ethical principles into these processes will permit physicians to best serve their patients when obtaining informed consent, considering advantages and harms of potential results, disclosing those results, and providing follow-up.
Metabolic Myopathies
Authors: Tarnopolsky Mark A.
Published: December 2016

Purpose of Review: Metabolic myopathies are genetic disorders that impair intermediary metabolism in skeletal muscle. Impairments in glycolysis/glycogenolysis (glycogen-storage disease), fatty acid transport and oxidation (fatty acid oxidation defects), and the mitochondrial respiratory chain (mitochondrial myopathies) represent the majority of known defects. The purpose of this review is to develop a diagnostic and treatment algorithm for the metabolic myopathies.

Recent Findings: The metabolic myopathies can present in the neonatal and infant period as part of more systemic involvement with hypotonia, hypoglycemia, and encephalopathy; however, most cases present in childhood or in adulthood with exercise intolerance (often with rhabdomyolysis) and weakness. The glycogen-storage diseases present during brief bouts of high-intensity exercise, whereas fatty acid oxidation defects and mitochondrial myopathies present during a long-duration/low-intensity endurance-type activity or during fasting or another metabolically stressful event (eg, surgery, fever). The clinical examination is often normal between acute events, and evaluation involves exercise testing, blood testing (creatine kinase, acylcarnitine profile, lactate, amino acids), urine organic acids (ketones, dicarboxylic acids, 3-methylglutaconic acid), muscle biopsy (histology, ultrastructure, enzyme testing), MRI/spectroscopy, and targeted or untargeted genetic testing.

Summary: Accurate and early identification of metabolic myopathies can lead to therapeutic interventions with lifestyle and nutritional modification, cofactor treatment, and rapid treatment of rhabdomyolysis.
An Overview of Congenital Myopathies
Authors: Mah Jean K. , Joseph Jeffrey T.
Published: December 2016

Purpose of Review: This article uses a case-based approach to highlight the clinical features as well as recent advances in molecular genetics, muscle imaging, and pathophysiology of the congenital myopathies.

Recent Findings: Congenital myopathies refer to a heterogeneous group of genetic neuromuscular disorders characterized by early-onset muscle weakness, hypotonia, and developmental delay. Congenital myopathies are further classified into core myopathies, centronuclear myopathies, nemaline myopathies, and congenital fiber-type disproportion based on the key pathologic features found in muscle biopsies. Genotype and phenotype correlations are hampered by the diverse clinical variability of the genes responsible for congenital myopathies, ranging from a severe neonatal course with early death to mildly affected adults with late-onset disease. An increasing number of genes have been identified, which, in turn, are associated with overlapping morphologic changes in the myofibers. Precise genetic diagnosis has important implications for disease management, including family counseling; avoidance of anesthetic-related muscle injury for at-risk individuals; monitoring for potential cardiac, respiratory, or orthopedic complications; as well as for participation in clinical trials or potential genetic therapies.

Summary: Collaboration with neuromuscular experts, geneticists, neuroradiologists, neuropathologists, and other specialists is needed to ensure accurate and timely diagnosis based on clinical and pathologic features. An integrated multidisciplinary model of care based on expert-guided standards will improve quality of care and optimize outcomes for patients and families with congenital myopathies.
Myasthenia Gravis and Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome
Authors: Nicolle Michael W.
Published: December 2016

Purpose of Review: This article discusses the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of autoimmune myasthenia gravis (MG) and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS).

Recent Findings: Recognition of new antigenic targets and improved diagnostic methods promise to improve the diagnosis of MG, although the clinical phenotypes associated with newer antibodies have not yet been defined. Future therapies might specifically target the aberrant immune response. The apparent increase in the prevalence of MG is not fully explained. Results of a long-awaited trial of thymectomy support the practice of performing a thymectomy under specific conditions.

Summary: The current treatment options are so effective in most patients with MG or LEMS that in patients with refractory disease the diagnosis should be reconsidered. The management of MG is individualized, and familiarity with mechanisms, adverse effects, and strategies to manage these commonly used treatments improves outcome. Patient education is important. LEMS, frequently associated with an underlying small cell lung cancer, is uncommon, and the mainstay of treatment is symptomatic in most patients.
Epic and Genre: Beyond the Boundaries of Media
Authors: Arnott Luke
Published: December 2016

Noting the resurgence of popular and academic interest in epics across disparate media, this essay proposes a theory of the epic genre that transcends particular media and cultures. It seeks to reconcile discussions of the epic in Aristotle, G.W.F. Hegel, Georg Lukács, Mikhail Bakhtin, Erich Auerbach, and Northrop Frye, arguing that traditional definitions of epic narrative are instead subsets of a greater generic structure. The epic is, following Gregory Nagy and Franco Moretti, among others, a literary “super-genre” that encompasses as many other kinds of narrative as possible. The essay explains how epic narrative, disembedded from earlier oral poetry, is then situated in new cultural contexts. Using the Roman epic as a paradigm, the essay also outlines a fourfold framework within which the interrelationship of the epic's symbolic content can be assessed. It concludes by suggesting some of the implications this theory has for new media epics in postmodernity.
Spanish Bawds and Quixotic Libraries: Adventures and Misadventures in Early English Hispanism and World Literature
Authors: Fernández José María Pérez
Published: December 2016

This essay focuses on two early English Hispanists, James Mabbe (1571/2–1642?) and Thomas Percy (1729–1811), who exemplify different stages in the pre-history of Comparative and World Literature. It explores their appropriation of La Celestina and Don Quijote as case studies for the use of certain tropes to legitimize the traffic of political and cultural capital involved in the creation of domestic and transnational literary canons. These tropes include conquest and war, finance and trade, community, and language as currency. The networks throughout which their texts circulated, their different formats and means of production, all exemplify the mechanisms for the establishment of an International Republic of Letters. This led in turn to the gradual emergence of a World Canon created under the auspices of Enlightened Universalism, but also driven to a considerable extent by the self-interested policies of cultural imperialism.
Collectivity: Part 2
Authors:   the Camera Obscura collective
Published: December 2016

In honor of the journal's fortieth anniversary, this special issue of Camera Obscura considers theories and practices of collectivity. Camera Obscura has operated through a feminist editorial collective since its beginnings in the 1970s, a time when many forms of cooperative action proliferated. In the last ten to fifteen years, a growing constellation of collectives, many international, has emerged in response to new social, economic, and technological conditions. This issue explores the potentials and challenges of collectivity through pieces—both full-length analyses and short-form reflections—that address such topics as collaboration in photography, cinema, and video; utopias and dystopias; history and memory; modes of singleness and of togetherness; technology, embodiment, and intimacy; and feminist and queer collective practices in media and activism in various times and places.
Collective Writing Projects Online and the Challenges of the Promise Economy
Authors: Kuusela Hanna
Published: December 2016

This article investigates collaborative and crowdsourced online writing projects and the economies surrounding them. It describes the conjunctures between collective creativity and contemporary economic regimes and introduces the concept of the promise economy. The article discusses recent literary collaborations that have taken place online between writers who have never met each other in real life and who have never cooperated before. It argues that these cases of collective creation often rest on a specific dialectic between the promises or expectations of these crowdsourced writing initiatives and the failures and disappointments experienced in such projects, which can be seen as participating in a promise economy. “Promise economy” refers to a cultural economy that is based, or dependent, on certain promises that are inscribed in collaborative cultural practices such as cooperative writing, whose dynamics urge participants to create ever-higher expectations for the final product often before the process of creation has even started. This article's analysis of such economies surrounding online creative collaborations and its examination of the dialectics between literary works and the processes behind them contribute to debates on participatory or processual art in the twenty-first century.
DRIMSeq: a Dirichlet-multinomial framework for multivariate count outcomes in genomics
Authors: Nowicka Malgorzata , Robinson Mark D.
Published: December 2016

There are many instances in genomics data analyses where measurements are made on a multivariate response. For example, alternative splicing can lead to multiple expressed isoforms from the same primary transcript. There are situations where differences (e.g. between normal and disease state) in the relative ratio of expressed isoforms may have significant phenotypic consequences or lead to prognostic capabilities. Similarly, knowledge of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that affect splicing, so-called splicing quantitative trait loci (sQTL) will help to characterize the effects of genetic variation on gene expression. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has provided an attractive toolbox to carefully unravel alternative splicing outcomes and recently, fast and accurate methods for transcript quantification have become available. We propose a statistical framework based on the Dirichlet-multinomial distribution that can discover changes in isoform usage between conditions and SNPs that affect relative expression of transcripts using these quantifications. The Dirichlet-multinomial model naturally accounts for the differential gene expression without losing information about overall gene abundance and by joint modeling of isoform expression, it has the capability to account for their correlated nature. The main challenge in this approach is to get robust estimates of model parameters with limited numbers of replicates. We approach this by sharing information and show that our method improves on existing approaches in terms of standard statistical performance metrics. The framework is applicable to other multivariate scenarios, such as Poly-A-seq or where beta-binomial models have been applied (e.g., differential DNA methylation). Our method is available as a Bioconductor R package called DRIMSeq.
Antigenicity of peptides comprising the immunosuppressive domain of the retroviral envelope glycoprotein
Authors: Jenkins Bryony , Eksmond Urszula , Young George , Kassiotis George
Published: December 2016

To achieve persistent infection of the host, viruses often subvert or suppress host immunity through mechanisms that are not entirely understood. The envelope glycoprotein of several retroviruses is thought to possess potent immunosuppressive activity, mapped to a 17-amino acid residue conserved domain. Synthetic peptides corresponding to this immunosuppressive domain can inhibit lymphocyte activation, whereas mutation of key domain residues can increase the lymphocyte response to linked antigenic epitopes. Using three T cell receptors (TCRs) of defined specificity, we examine the effect of the immunosuppressive domain on the T cell response to their respective antigenic peptides. We find that fusion of a T cell epitope to the immunosuppressive domain can greatly modulate its potency. However, the effects heavily depend on the particular combination of TCR and peptide-major histocompatibility complex class II (pMHC II), and are mimicked by sequence-scrambled peptides of similar length, suggesting they operate at the level of TCR-pMHC interaction. These results offer an alternative explanation for the immunogenicity of T cell epitopes comprising the putative immunosuppressive domain, which is more consistent with an effect on peptide antigenicity than true immunosuppressive activity.
Commit* to change? A call to end the publication of the phrase ‘commit* suicide’
Authors: Nielsen Emma , Padmanathan Prianka , Knipe Duleeka
Published: December 2016

Background: Countering stigma is a fundamental facet of suicide prevention efforts.  Integral to this is the promotion of accurate and sensitive language.  The phrase ‘commit* suicide’ has prompted marked opposition primarily due to the connotations of immorality and illegality. 

Methods: The study investigated the frequency of the use of the wordstem ‘commit’, in relation to self-harm and suicidal behaviours, in the three leading suicide-specific academic journals between 2000 and 2015. 

Results: One third (34%) of articles published since the year 2000 used the word ‘commit*’ when describing an act of self-harm or suicide. Over half of these articles (57%) used the phrase on more than one occasion, with 6% using it more than 10 times in the same manuscript. The percentage of papers utilising the word ‘commit*’ has fluctuated over time, but there is a promising downward trend in the use of this phrase from 33% in 2000 to 13% in 2015 (p < 0.001). 

Discussion: We advocate for the implementation of publication requirements regarding the language used when discussing suicide. Whilst we call for collective responsibility amongst academics and clinicians, editors hold a unique position in ensuring that outdated, inaccurate and stigma-laden terms are expunged from the scientific literature.
Emotions in the structure of the determinants of crime
Authors: Чернова Наталья , Chernova Natalya
Published: December 2016

In article the question of the reasons and conditions of commission by the subject of the criminal act is considered. Various concepts of the reasons of crime, namely biological and sociological the direction are analyzed. The psychological reasons of crime are considered. The assessment of modern psychological literature on a problem of illegal behavior which allows to allocate several various and opposite approaches to definition his determinant is given. The problem of interrelation of emotions and a crime is investigated.
Features of legal qualification of infliction of harm wild and pets.
Authors: Рабец Анна , Rabec Anna
Published: December 2016

in article questions of legal qualification of infliction of harm wild and pets to citizens and legal entities are considered. Identification of a place of animals among sources of the increased danger gains special relevance in connection with insufficient regulation in the civil legislation of the Russian Federation of the number of the aspects connected with indemnification, caused by animals as specific objects of the civil rights. A research objective was definition of the effective civil mechanism of protection of the victims in case of causing harm by it animal. General scientific methods of knowledge (the analysis, synthesis, generalization, induction, deduction) formed a methodological basis of research, and also is formal – legal, the historian - legal and rather – legal methods. In research the offers and recommendations promoting uniform application of norms of civil law in the specified situations are formulated. On the basis of the analysis of the civil legislation and jurisprudence right application problems in the considered area are revealed.
Legitimizing function of the legal doctrine
Authors: Чашин Александр , Chashin Aleksandr
Published: December 2016

In this article the author attempts to understanding the capabilities and features of emerging legal norms of legitimation through their introduction in legal doctrine
The organization of labor of convicts in penal institutions of Germany
Authors: Родионов Алексей , Rodionov Aleksey
Published: December 2016

The results of the analysis and generalization of the experience of convicts labor organization in penal institutions of Germany are presented in the article. Identified key indicators of functioning of the German penal system, as well as indicators of its effectiveness. The basic characteristics of the existing relations of production, as well as the approaches used in the production and organization of labour in prisons were revealed. Determined the most perspective for introduction in the domestic penal practice approaches for convicts organization of labour, based on the study of the German experience. The role of large industrial enterprises in the sphere of special contingent’s organization of labour in German penal institutions, as well as organizational forms of their interaction with the penitentiary department. Experience in the organization of the learning process of convicts and used approaches to provision of educational services (secondary, vocational and higher education) were analyzed.
The model of regional social-economical system in condition of little forecasted external environment for informational advancing system (for example of Bryansk rigion)
Authors: Аксененко Дмитрий , Aksenenko Dmitriy , Аверченков Андрей , Averchenkov Andrey , Аверченкова Елена , Averchenkova Elena , Черкасов Виталий , Cherkasov Vitaliy
Published: December 2016

Base characteristics of regional social-economical system model in condition of little forecasted external environment are in this article. Creation of informational advancing system is the goal of this model. Informational advancing system helps to make management decides for different levels of region authorities.
Mobile telescopic belt transporter, mechanism of variation of handling radius: determination of parameters of haulage rope.
Authors: Дунаев Владимир , Dunaev Vladimir , Гончаров Кирилл , Goncharov Kirill , Бабаев Алексей , Babaev Aleksey
Published: December 2016

A new construction of mechanism of variation of handling radius for mobile telescopic belt trans-porter is suggested. Calculation scheme of mechanism is considered and analyzed. Formulas are found and recommendations are given for determination of efforts in haulage ropes of mechanism.
The use of gaming technology in professional education as a method of development kompetentnostej abilities of students of technical profile.
Authors: Карева Галина , Kareva Galina
Published: December 2016

Considers the application of gaming technology in professional education, the development of professional competencies through games. Presents the results of testing the method´s technologies on the students and the statistical data of the development of the components of their professional competencetency.
Methods of analysis and modeling activities of operators in the process of ergonomic software development and operation of man-machine systems.
Authors: Спасенников Валерий , Spasennikov Valeriy , Кондратенко Сергей , Kondratenko Sergey
Published: December 2016

The methods of analysis of the microstructure of operator actions using flow charts of the labor process. Given denote elements of movements based on the three-band rating system. A method for the synthesis of fuzzy algorithms based on the evaluation standards of management for fuzzy temporal characteristics of the operator.
Increasing the energy efficiency of the grinding process crankshafts in engine repair.
Authors: Новиков Дмитрий , Novikov Dmitriy
Published: December 2016

An approach to improve energy efficiency of the grinding crankshaft journals in the repair of motors.
Modeling of the bidirectional transaction motion generator with selfexcitation.
Authors: Потапов Леонид , Potapov Leonid , Сморудова Татьяна , Smorudova Tatyana
Published: December 2016

Offered design of the bi-directional transaction motion generator with self-excitation without constant magnet. By means of COMSOL Multiphysics software is organized research of the distribution by magnetic flap under different positions rolling magnetic core, is brought model of the offered generator in program Electronics Workbench with determination of the voltages and current in load and winding of the generator.
Distribution of spots of contact at interaction fractal engineering surfaces.
Authors: Тихомиров Виктор , Tikhomirov Viktor , Измеров Михаил , Izmerov Mikhail
Published: December 2016

Communication of a classical statistical method of an assessment of geometry of rough surfaces and fractal approach is shown. Procedures of modeling of fractal surfaces are described. Adequacy of models to real surfaces is checked on the spectral density and the offered criterion of adequacy. The communication between deformation of microroughness and loading giving a full picture of an elasto-plastic condition of a spot of contact at the set rapprochement is received.
Application methodology for additive technologies at the stages of prototyping airborne components and assemblies.
Authors: Иванов Антон , Ivanov Anton , Анамова Рушана , Anamova Rushana , Рипецкий Андрей , Ripetskiy Andrey , Автушенко Александр , Avtushenko Aleksandr , Осипов Александр , Osipov Aleksandr
Published: December 2016

In this article described application features for additive technologies in the aeronautical industry. Application methodology for additive technologies at the stages of prototyping airborne components and assemblies is developed. Proposed methodology is appraised for manufacturing dummy engine components.
Development of steam turbine governing diaphragm.
Authors: Дроконов Алексей , Drokonov Aleksey , Дроконов Алексей , Drokonov Aleksey
Published: December 2016

The paper studies the conditions of steam turbine governing diaphragm operation and offers ways of their design upgrading.
Parametric synthesis of aggregate modular hydraulic control units used in production machinery hydraulic drives.
Authors: Пинчук Владимир , Pinchuk Vladimir
Published: December 2016

Hydraulic drives used in manufacturing equipment are generally developed using high technology component parts. At the same time the development of hydraulic control units (HCU) is carried out, hydraulic devices being joint together according to fundamental hydraulic circuits. The value of the optimum criteria of an HCU assembly framework has been estimated, which helps fulfilling parametric synthesis of HCU taking into account the service conditions of a mechanism and the quantity of hydraulic devices, used in the hydraulic circuit of the drive.
Performance evaluation plan introduction to improve the quality of the modernized electric drive signal type SP-6M.
Authors: Ритенман Владислав , Ritenman Vladislav
Published: December 2016

The theoretical aspects of the performance evaluation plan introduction. The structure of the method performance. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the implementation of measures to improve the quality of the modernized electric drive signal type SP-6M.
Using the fuzzy cognitive modeling for the implementaion of the information technology audit.
Authors: Рытов Михаил , Rytov Mikhail , Ковалев Павел , Kovalev Pavel
Published: December 2016

The article considers one way of using the fuzzy cognitive modeling. In this case, this method is used for IT-audit andidentifying all necessary measures that can help the user to verify the need for the introduction of an enterprise portal.
The relationship of the quality parameters of the surface layer of machine parts with their conditions of electric discharge machining.
Authors: Съянов Сергей , Syanov Sergey
Published: December 2016

The physical picture of the process electroerosive processing on the basis of which identified the main factors (voltage, current strength, pulse duration, the coefficient of using the pulse energies, properties of dielectric liquids, material and tool material, the temperature in the layer blank, the original settings of the waviness of the workpiece and tool), which influence on the process of formation of the parameters of roughness, waviness, microhardness and technology of residual stresses.
Designing of information advising system for estimate of the creation and development potential of cluster agglomeration in the industrial complex of the region.
Authors: Аверченков Андрей , Averchenkov Andrey , Аверченкова Елена , Averchenkova Elena , Кулагина Наталья , Kulagina Natalya , Черкасов Виталий , Cherkasov Vitaliy
Published: December 2016

The theoretical aspects of making the informative advising system are exposed in thise article. It makes to estimate the development potential of regional industrial cluster agglomeration. There is an algorithm of estimation of possibilities of creation and development regional industrial cluster agglomeration. There are possibilities of the evaluated and diagnostic type of informative advising system in the article. It can help to take decisions to the participants of cluster agglo-meration
Relationship roughness parameters and work hardening in the surface parts treated turning.
Authors: Филиппова Анастасия , Filippova Anastasiya , Безъязычный Вячеслав , Bezyazychny Vyacheslav , Прокофьев Максим , Prokofev Maksim
Published: December 2016

The results of experimental studies of the quality parameters of the surface layer parts (roughness and work hardening) in the processing of turning and analyze their relationship.
Determination of optimal access level to confidential information in industry.
Authors: Кузнецова Наталия , Kuznetsova Nataliya , Карлова Татьяна , Karlova Tatyana , Бекмешов Александр , Bekmeshov Aleksandr
Published: December 2016

Complicated information systems are used on modern factories, which proposed to apply of access control systems. The article is devoted to determination of optimal access levels count in depend on information security policy and factory size
Analysis of factors providing efficiency of load-bearing elements of the car body.
Authors: Лозбинев Владимир , Lozbinev Vladimir
Published: December 2016

The factors that determine the performance monocoque cars. New approaches to the evaluation of the stress state of car bodies, the stability of load-bearing elements. The importance of assessing the survivability of bearing elements.
Study of the mechanical and physical properties of hard alloy VK20
Authors: Котлярова Ирина , Kotlyarova Irina , Солдатов Валерий , Soldatov Valeriy , Макаренко Константин , Makarenko Konstantin , Тарасов Алексей , Tarasov Aleksey
Published: December 2016

The article presents the results of research for upsetting tool inserts made of hard alloy VK-20 different manufacturers. All studies were performed according to standard procedures using cer-tified equipment. The results showed that the majority of the inserts (80%) did not meet the re-quirements of GOST 3882-74 for a hard alloy VK20
Diagnostic and neuro-network model of typification and identification of multiparametric social objects.
Authors: Василенко Юрий , Vasilenko Yuriy , Морозова Анна , Morozova Anna , Тюхта Антон , Tyukhta Anton
Published: December 2016

The techniques experience for the application of the MSO diagnostic neuronal model is presented by the example of a neuro-network quality metering and competence typificat6ion and identification of young engineering experts at the optimization of their selection for vacant seats filling at industrial enterprises.
Results of the experimental investigationof thermal processes in induction motor.
Authors: Пугачев Александр , Pugachev Aleksandr , Бондаренко Денис , Bondarenko Denis
Published: December 2016

The adequacy of researches of characteristics of the traction electric drives with an induction motors by means of scaled physical models is proved by application of two induction motors, 380 and 14 kW. The system of data acquisition and sensors applied to it is described. The technique and results of experimental investigation of thermal processes of heating and cooling in the 14 kW induction motor fed by frequency converter with scalar control and IR-compensation under the low values of the stator current frequency and rotor speed are presented. The rotor bars of the induction motor are determined to be most stressed by overheating under the stator current frequency closed to null, the stator winding becomes the most overheated unit of the induction motor under higher values of the stator current frequency.