bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
2. German Retrospect
Authors: Ireland William W.
Published: February 2018

Professor A. Pick, of Prague, has a paper of fifty pages on the so-called muscular consciousness of Duchenne (“Zeitschrift für Psychologie und Physiologie der Sinnes-organe,” 8 October, 1892). This seems to consist of a knowledge of the position of the limb and of the force of the muscular contractions expended to produce a designed movement. There must also be in the mind a conception of the designed movement. When through anæsthesia a person is unaware of the position of his limbs, he cannot, without the use of his eyes, ascertain where his limbs were when the movement began, and what point they had reached in a given time. He thus must use his eyes to guide the motions of his limbs. This assistance of the visual sense is generally afforded more or less in all complicated movements, even where the cutaneous and muscular sensibility are intact. The visual and muscular senses act together and support one another. We may execute movements with the aid of the cutaneous and muscular sensibility alone as in the dark, and, on the other hand, we may execute movements guided by sight alone. In 1848 Dr. Duchenne made observations upon three patients in whom there was a complete loss of cutaneous sensibility. He found that, when these patients were hindered from seeing their own limbs, they had lost the capacity for voluntary motion. On the attention being diverted from the execution of the designed movement, even when the eyes were left open, the movements were arrested, or were performed in an embarrassed manner in proportion to the degree of distraction. Such extensive anæsthesia is a rare affection. It sometimes follows severe epileptic attacks, or it may supervene after chronic epilepsy, or alcoholism complicated with fits. Sometimes in addition to the loss of cutaneous sensibility there is the suppression of taste and smell, and concentric narrowing of the field of vision. Sometimes the anæsthesia is confined to one side, or to one region of the body, and in such cases the phenomena of transfer have been observed. It is thus a functional affection occasionally attending hysteria. Drs. Thomsen and Oppenheim have minutely described eighteen cases of sensory anæsthesia occurring amongst lunatics (“Ueber das Vorkommen und die Bedeutung der gemischten sensorisch sensibeln Anæsthesie bei Geisteskranken.” “Archiv für Psychiatrie,” xv. Band, 2 Heft, and xvii. Band, 2 Heft.)
The British and Foreign Medico-Chirurgical Review (April, 1866) on the “Lunacy Commissioners' Blue Boohs;” a Note
Authors: Robertson Lockhart
Published: February 2018

The current number (April, 1866) of the ‘British and Foreign Medico-Chirurgical Review’ contains an article on the “Lunacy Commissioners' Blue Books,” on which I wish to say a few words. The high character of that Review and of its editor (Dr. J. W. Ogle, physician to St. George's Hospital), gives a weight to the opinions of the writers of its articles, and almost compels on our part a notice of their statements when such are either inaccurate or unfair to members of the department of the profession which in these pages we represent.
Illustrations of a Variety of Insanity
Authors: Maudsley Henry
Published: February 2018

In the observations which I am about to address to you, I purpose to set
forth by illustrations the character and course of a form of mental
derangement which has its special cause, certain characteristic features,
and a definite course, almost invariably from bad to worse. I speak of that
kind of insanity which is brought on by self-abuse. In doing this, however,
I have another object in view; I am anxious to use my exposition in order to
exemplify a new and practical classification of insanity which has been
proposed and sketched out by Dr. Skae.
Insanity without Delusions
Authors: Blandford G. Fielding
Published: February 2018

I purpose to consider in a few pages sundry so-called classes or varieties of insanity, which have given rise to no little dispute. Opinions with regard to these are still at variance, and so it conies to pass, that when we have to approach them, not from a therapeutical, but from a forensic stand-point, we are, by the ingenuity of counsel, launched amidst a multitude of seeming discrepancies, and it is suggested that nothing definite or certain is known about the whole subject. By a closer examination of the cases we see in practice, we shall find, I think, that the greater part of these doubts and difficulties will disappear.
A Case of Syphilitic Insanity
Authors: Williams S. W. D.
Published: February 2018

Although from an early period of medical enquiry syphilis has been known to affect, more or less seriously, the whole system, it is only within the last decade that attempts have been made, chiefly by foreign pathologists, to demonstrate that this fatal virus does not confine its ravages to the coarser structures of the human body; but that the delicate tissue of the nervous system may be alike destroyed, and the mind's balance unhinged, by its direful effects. MM. le Dr. Leon Gros et E. Lancereaux in a work, Des Affections Nerveuses Syphilitiques, published in Paris, in 1861, have with great care collected a mass of observations from different quarters, but have not added much to our knowledge in defining the symptoms which accrue from syphilitic disease of the brain and its membranes. Indeed the confusion and uncertainty which prevail in this path of pathology are so great, and the subject itself is of such paramount importance, that any cases at all authenticated bearing on this point ought surely to be recorded.
A Visit to the Friedrichsberg Asylum
Authors: Oppert F.
Published: February 2018

This institution for lunatics is situated near Hamburg, about a mile from the general hospital, and part of it was first opened in December, 1864. It is one of the most recent and complete asylums in Germany, and, the number of beds having been recently much increased, can accommodate about 370 patients. The land was cheap at the time of the construction, and therefore the grounds in which the buildings stand are very large; they are partly used as a farm. The principal building has the form of a square, open at one side, with numerous projecting portions, especially in the centre, where the administration is located, and officers' dwellings, kitchen, wash-house, and baths are found. The blocks which form this incomplete square have corridors running at one side, by which, however, they are not connected in the usual manner, but the connection is broken at the corners. The passages are 12 feet wide, lofty, and ventilated by end windows; they are warmed by hot water pipes.
French Psychological Literature
Authors: Sibbald John
Published: February 2018

Annales Médico Psychologiques, vol. ix., x., xi. and xii., for 1867–68.

I. Physiology. “The Discoveries and Labours of Galileo,” by M. Parchappe, analysed by M. Brierre de Boismont “Mittermaier, on Capital Punishment, &c.,” by M. Brierre de Boismont. “Medico-psychological Studies on Shakespeare—Hamlet,” by M. Brierre de Boismont.
On Physical Disease from Mental Strain
Authors: Richardson Benjamin W.
Published: February 2018

In an address I had the honour to deliver before the St. Andrew's Medical Graduates Association in November last, I took the opportunity briefly to direct the attention of those practitioners of medicine who are not specially engaged in the treatment of the insane, to the great importance of recognizing the influence of mental action on physical disease. I ventured to press the fact that the most scientific physicians have fallen into the error of studying, with too exclusive a care, the observable conditions of the body, healthy or diseased, and those agents or agencies for curing diseases which produce the most obvious effects—such as knives and other instruments, anæsthetic vapours, active drugs, heat and cold, electrical shocks, and the like. I admitted that as the pure physical existence is the groundwork and the primary necessity of the highest form of living thinking thing, it is by nature the first duty of the healer to make that corporeal frame pure and whole, but I insisted that it is equally his duty to study what shall enter by the senses or windows of the mind, and though invisibly entering, be potent forces for evil or for good. Because an agency is not visible, not tangible, is it, I asked, less real? If a man lose his mind by the failure of his blood, that, it is said, is plain to understand, for it is physical; but if some horror come upon the man through his mind, so that, like poor Horatio, he is be-chilled

“Almost to jelly by the act of fear, Stands dumb, and speaks not,”

is not that, too, physical?—an action direct of mind on matter, reversing the physics of the body, and creating disease? It must be so; and in the study of this action, from the universe into the man, there lies, I maintained, a world almost unknown.
Studies on Functional Nervous Disorders
Authors: Jones C. Handfield
Published: February 2018

In the same chapter are brought forward numerous instances of delirium produced by toxic agents. Among these is a striking case of mania in a patient—the subject of syphilis— in whom, at an apparently hopeless stage, a cure was effected by iodide of potassium; and there are several cases of delirium in rheumatic fever, in connection with which the essentially neurotic character of this affection is affirmed. Other varieties of delirium considered are febrile and postfebrile, epileptic, traumatic, and puerperal; in the last, a nutritive or even stimulant treatment is decidedly recommended. The treatment of delirium is fully considered; blood-letting, general or local, is admitted to have value in certain cases; the cold douche, combined with the warm bath, is reported as exceedingly well worth trial; tartar emetic, with opium, is affirmed to be useful, but as contra-indicated by a weak heart; the use of hydrocyanic acid has a similar caution attached to its recommendation.
Alterations in DNA Damage Response and Repair Genes as Potential Marker of Clinical Benefit From PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade in Advanced Urothelial Cancers
Authors: Teo Min Yuen , Seier Kenneth , Ostrovnaya Irina , Regazzi Ashley M. , Kania Brooke E. , Moran Meredith M. , Cipolla Catharine K. , Bluth Mark J. , Chaim Joshua , Al-Ahmadie Hikmat , Snyder Alexandra , Carlo Maria I. , Solit David B. , Berger Michael F. , Funt Samuel , Wolchok Jedd D. , Iyer Gopa , Bajorin Dean F. , Callahan Margaret K. , Rosenberg Jonathan E.
Published: February 2018

Purpose

Alterations in DNA damage response and repair (DDR) genes are associated with increased mutation load and improved clinical outcomes in platinum-treated metastatic urothelial carcinoma. We examined the relationship between DDR alterations and response to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade.

Methods

Detailed demographic, treatment response, and long-term outcome data were collected on patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma treated with atezolizumab or nivolumab who had targeted exon sequencing performed on pre-immunotherapy tumor specimens. Presence of DDR alterations was correlated with best objective response per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) and progression-free and overall survival.

Results

Sixty patients with urothelial cancer enrolled in prospective trials of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies met inclusion criteria. Any DDR and known or likely deleterious DDR mutations were identified in 28 (47%) and 15 (25%) patients, respectively. The presence of any DDR alteration was associated with a higher response rate (67.9% v 18.8%; P < .001). A higher response rate was observed in patients whose tumors harbored known or likely deleterious DDR alterations (80%) compared with DDR alterations of unknown significance (54%) and in those whose tumors were wild-type for DDR genes (19%; P < .001). The correlation remained significant in multivariable analysis that included presence of visceral metastases. DDR alterations also were associated with longer progression-free and overall survival.

Conclusion

DDR alterations are independently associated with response to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma. These observations warrant additional study, including prospective validation and exploration of the interaction between tumor DDR alteration and other tumor/host biomarkers of immunotherapy response.
In vivo three-dimensional tracking of sperm behaviors in the mouse oviduct
Authors: Wang Shang , Larina Irina V.
Published: February 2018

Mammalian sperm evolutionarily acquired complex mechanisms to regulate their behaviors, which are thought to be crucial in navigating through the female reproductive tract toward fertilization. However, all current knowledge of this process is largely extrapolated from in vitro and ex vivo studies, because in vivo analysis of sperm in their native fertilization environment has not been possible. Here, we report a functional optical coherence tomography approach that allows, for the first time, in vivo three-dimensional tracking of sperm behaviors in the mouse oviduct. Motile sperm are identified with their intrinsic dynamic characteristics. Sperm trajectories are reconstructed in three dimensions with a ∼5 µm spatial resolution, allowing for quantitative analysis of the sperm velocity and location relative to the oviduct. Using this method, we found different behavior patterns, including sperm collection by the oviduct epithelium, spatial dependence of sperm velocity, and sperm grouping and separation as the first in vivo evidence of sperm cooperation in the ampulla, the site of fertilization. This approach opens new avenues to study sperm-oviduct interactions in vivo toward a more complete understanding of fertility and reproductive disorders.
An interview with Ykä Helariutta
Authors: Maartens Aidan
Published: February 2018

Yrjö (Ykä) Helariutta is a group leader at The Institute of Biotechnology in the University of Helsinki and at the Sainsbury Laboratory in the University of Cambridge. Recently appointed an editor at Development, his lab works on vascular development in plants and trees. We met Ykä in his Cambridge office to hear how a childhood passion for collecting led him to plant science, what Arabidopsis can tell us about trees and vice versa, and why he thinks there are many different ways of being successful in science.
Kinematics of swimming of the manta ray: three-dimensional analysis of open water maneuverability
Authors: Fish Frank E. , Kolpas Allison , Crossett Andrew , Dudas Michael A. , Moored Keith W. , Bart-Smith Hilary
Published: February 2018

For aquatic animals, turning maneuvers represent a locomotor activity that may not be confined to a single coordinate plane, making analysis difficult particularly in the field. To measure turning performance in a three-dimensional space for the manta ray (Mobula birostris), a large open-water swimmer, scaled stereo video recordings were collected. Movements of the cephalic lobes, eye and tail base were tracked to obtain three-dimensional coordinates. A mathematical analysis was performed on the coordinate data to calculate the turning rate and curvature (1/turning radius) as a function of time by numerically estimating the derivative of manta trajectories through three-dimensional space. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to project the three-dimensional trajectory onto the two-dimensional turn. Smoothing splines were applied to these turns. These are flexible models that minimize a cost function with a parameter controlling the balance between data fidelity and regularity of the derivative. Data for 30 sequences of rays performing slow, steady turns showed the highest 20% of values for the turning rate and smallest 20% of turn radii were 42.65±16.66 deg s−1 and 2.05±1.26 m, respectively. Such turning maneuvers fall within the range of performance exhibited by swimmers with rigid bodies.
Three-dimensional analysis of the fast-start escape response of the least killifish,Heterandria formosa
Authors: Fleuren Mike , van Leeuwen Johan L. , Quicazan-Rubio Elsa M. , Pieters Remco P. M. , Pollux Bart J. A. , Voesenek Cees J.
Published: February 2018

Fish make C-starts to evade predator strikes. Double-bend (DB) C-starts consist of three stages: Stage 1, in which the fish rapidly bends into a C-shape; Stage 2, in which the fish bends in the opposite direction; and a variable Stage 3. In single-bend (SB) C-starts, the fish immediately straightens after Stage 1. Despite fish moving in 3D space, fast-start responses of adult fish have mainly been studied in a horizontal plane. Using automated 3D tracking of multi-camera high-speed video sequences, we show that both SB and DB fast-starts by adult female least killifish (Heterandria formosa) often contain a significant vertical velocity component, and large changes in pitch (DB: up to 43 deg) and roll (DB: up to 77 deg) angles. Upwards and downwards elevation changes are correlated with changes in pitch angle of the head; movement in the horizontal plane is correlated with changes in yaw angle of the head. With respect to the stimulus, escape heading correlates with the elevation of the fish at the onset of motion. Irrespective of the initial orientation, fish can escape in any horizontal direction. In many cases, the centre of mass barely accelerates during Stage 1. However, it does accelerate in the final direction of the escape in other instances, indicating that Stage 1 can serve a propulsive role in addition to its preparatory role for Stage 2. Our findings highlight the importance of large-scale 3D analyses of fast-start manoeuvres of adult fish in uncovering the versatility of fish escape repertoire.
Emptying and refilling of slime glands in Atlantic (Myxine glutinosa) and Pacific (Eptatretus stoutii) hagfishes
Authors: Schorno Sarah , Gillis Todd E. , Fudge Douglas S.
Published: February 2018

Hagfishes are known for their unique defensive slime, which they use to ward off gill breathing predators. While much is known about the slime cells (gland thread cells and gland mucous cells), little is known about how long slime gland refilling takes, or how slime composition changes with refilling or repeated stimulation of the same gland. Slime glands can be individually electro-stimulated to release slime, and this technique was used to measure slime gland refilling times for Atlantic and Pacific hagfish. The amount of exudate produced, the composition of exudate, and the morphometrics of slime cells were analyzed during refilling, and as a function of stimulation number when full glands were stimulated in rapid succession. Complete refilling of slime glands for both species took three to four weeks, with Pacific hagfish achieving faster absolute rates exudate recovery than Atlantics. We found significant changes in composition of exudate and morphometrics of slime cells from Pacific hagfish during refilling. Over successive stimulations of full Pacific glands, multiple boluses of exudate were released, with exudate composition, but not thread cell morphometrics, changing significantly. Finally, histological examination of slime glands revealed slime cells retained in glands after exhaustion. Discrepancies in volume of cells released that can be explained by contraction of striated muscle alone suggests other mechanisms may be involved in the exudate ejection. Our results provide a first look at the process and timing of slime gland refilling in hagfishes, and raise new questions about how refilling is achieved at the cellular level.
Prp8 positioning of U5 snRNA is linked to 5′ splice site recognition
Authors: MacRae Andrew J. , Mayerle Megan , Hrabeta-Robinson Eva , Chalkley Robert J. , Guthrie Christine , Burlingame Alma L. , Jurica Melissa S.
Published: February 2018

Prp8 is an essential protein that regulates spliceosome assembly and conformation during pre-mRNA splicing. Recent cryo-EM structures of the spliceosome model Prp8 as a scaffold for the spliceosome's catalytic U snRNA components. Using a new amino acid probing strategy, we identified a dynamic region in human Prp8 that is positioned to stabilize the pre-mRNA in the spliceosome active site through interactions with U5 snRNA. Mutagenesis of the identified Prp8 residues in yeast indicates a role in 5′ splice site recognition. Genetic interactions with spliceosome proteins Isy1, which buttresses the intron branch point, and Snu114, a regulatory GTPase that directly contacts Prp8, further corroborate a role for the same Prp8 residues in substrate positioning and activation. Together the data suggest that adjustments in interactions between Prp8 and U5 snRNA help establish proper positioning of the pre-mRNA into the active site to enhance 5′ splice site fidelity.
Effects of umbilical cord- and adipose-derived stem cell secretomes on ALDH1A3 expression and autocrine TGF-β1 signaling in human breast cancer stem cells
Authors: Purnamawati Purnamawati , Pawitan Jeanne Adiwinata , Rachman Andhika , Wanandi Septelia Inawati
Published: February 2018

Background: Nowadays, umbilical cord- and adipose-derived stem cells (UCSCs and ASCs) are the most common sources of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). As part of the tumor microenvironment, MSCs are known to communicate with cancer cells via their secretomes. Increased activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase-1 (ALDH1) has been widely used as a common intrinsic stemness marker in normal and cancer stem cells. Our study aimed to elaborate on the effect of UCSC and ASC secretomes on the expression of ALDH1A3, as one of the important variants of ALDH1, TGF-β1 and TGF-β receptor type I (TβRI) in human breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs).

Methods: UCSCs and ASCs were cultured in serum-free α-MEM media under standard conditions for 24 hours. The conditioned medium (CM) containing secretomes of UCSCs and ASCs were collected and added 50% (v/v) to the cultured of human BCSCs for 72 hours. The mRNA expressions of ALDH1A3, TGF-β1, and TβRI were determined using quantitative Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (q-RT-PCR).

Results: We found that CM of UCSCs significantly increased the ALDH1A3 expression of BCSCs in parallel with the increase of TGF-β1 and TβRI expressions. Conversely, CM of ASCs had no significant effect on the ALDH1A3 expression, but significantly decreased TGF-β1 and TβRI expressions of BCSCs. These results contradict our published data on ALDH1A1, which is another important variant of ALDH1, as well as data of the pluripotency markers OCT4 and SOX2 expressions.

Conclusions:  UCSC and ASC secretomes have different regulation on ALDH1A3 expression in human BCSCs, which may be related to the autocrine TGF-β1 signaling in modulating cell proliferation and stemness of BCSCs. Further studies are required to evaluate factors involved in the differential effects of UCSC and ASC secretomes that regulate ALDH1A3 expression in relation to autocrine TGF-β1 signaling and aggressiveness of human BCSCs.
Features of the waterpipe tobacco industry: A qualitative study of the third International Hookah Fair
Authors: Singh Neil , Jawad Mohammed , Darzi Andrea , Lotfi Tamara , Nakkash Rima , Hawkins Benjamin , Akl Elie A.
Published: February 2018

Background: Little research has been done to uncover the features of the waterpipe tobacco industry, which makes designing effective interventions and policies to counter this growing trend challenging. The objective of this study is to describe the features of the waterpipe industry.

Methods: In 2015, we randomly sampled and conducted semi-structured interviews with representatives of waterpipe companies participating in a trade exhibition in Germany. We used an inductive approach to identify emerging themes.

Results: We interviewed 20 representatives and four themes emerged: industry growth, cross-industry overlap, customer-product relationship, and attitude towards policy. The industry was described as transnational, generally decentralized, non-cartelized, with ad hoc relationships between suppliers, distributors and retailers. Ties with the cigarette industry were apparent. The waterpipe industry appeared to be in an early growth phase, encroaching on new markets, and comprising of mainly small family-run businesses. Customer loyalty appears stronger towards the waterpipe apparatus than tobacco. There was a notable absence of trade unionism and evidence of deliberate breaches of tobacco control laws.

Conclusion: The waterpipe industry appears fragmented but is slowly growing into a mature, globalized, and customer-focused industry with ties to the cigarette industry. Now is an ideal window of opportunity to strengthen public health policy towards the waterpipe industry, which should include a specific legislative waterpipe framework.
Development of performance indicators for systems of urgent and emergency care in the Republic of Ireland: Systematic review and consensus development exercise
Authors: Boyle Siobhan , Dennehy Rebecca , Healy Orla , Browne John
Published: February 2018

Objectives: To develop a set of performance indicators to monitor the performance of emergency and urgent care systems in the Republic of Ireland.

Design: This study comprised of an update of a previously performed systematic review and a formal consensus development exercise.

Results: Initial literature searches yielded 2339 article titles.  After further searches, sixty items were identified for full-text review. Following this review, fifty-seven were excluded. Three articles were identified for inclusion in the systematic review. These papers produced 42 unique indicators for consideration during the consensus development exercise. In total, 17 indicators had a median of greater than 7 following the meeting and met our pre-specified criterion for acceptable consensus.

Discussion: Using this systematic review and nominal group consensus development exercise, we have identified a set of 17 indicators, which a consensus of different experts regard as potentially good measures of the performance of urgent and emergency care systems in Ireland.
Interventions to Improve Follow‐Up of Laboratory Test Results Pending at Discharge: A Systematic Review
Authors: Whitehead Nedra S. , Williams Laurina , Meleth Sreelatha , Kennedy Sara , Epner Paul , Singh Hardeep , Wooldridge Kathleene , Dalal Anuj K. , Walz Stacy E. , Lorey Tom , Graber Mark L.
Published: February 2018

Failure to follow up test results pending at discharge (TPAD) from hospitals or emergency departments is a major patient safety concern. The purpose of this review is to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to improve follow‐up of laboratory TPAD.

We conducted literature searches in PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, and EMBASE using search terms for relevant health care settings, transition of patient care, laboratory tests, communication, and pending or missed tests. We solicited unpublished studies from the clinical laboratory community and excluded articles that did not address transitions between settings, did not include an intervention, or were not related to laboratory TPAD. We also excluded letters, editorials, commentaries, abstracts, case reports, and case series.

Of the 9,592 abstracts retrieved, eight met the inclusion criteria and reported the successful communication of TPAD. A team member abstracted predetermined data elements from each study, and a senior scientist reviewed the abstraction. Two experienced reviewers independently appraised the quality of each study using published Laboratory Medicine Best Practices (LMBP™) A‐6 scoring criteria.

We assessed the body of evidence using the A‐6 methodology, and the evidence suggested that electronic tools or one‐on‐one education increased documentation of pending tests in discharge summaries. We also found that automated notifications improved awareness of TPAD.

The interventions were supported by suggestive evidence; this type of evidence is below the level of evidence required for LMBP™ recommendations. We encourage additional research into the impact of these interventions on key processes and health outcomes.
Fair Allocation in Financial Disputes Between Public–Private Partnership Stakeholders Using Game Theory
Authors: Sharafi Alireza , Taleizadeh Ata Allah , Amalnick Mohsen Sadegh
Published: February 2018

Long-term contracts along with their various internal and external variables lead to inevitable changes in the financial estimation of public–private partnership (PPP) projects. In these cases, and during renegotiations, the excess of benefit/cost should be shared among the key stakeholders, including the private contractor, government, and end users, in terms of contract extensions, annual subsidies, and tariff adjustments, respectively. However, while the allocation of excess befit/cost is an important factor in the successful execution of PPP projects, few methods have considered this issue. Moreover, these methods have rarely involved all three stakeholders and often have evaluated a limited number of possible solutions by qualitative techniques. To address the fair allocation of excess benefit/cost, this paper investigates some sharing mechanisms based on cooperative game concepts, including the core, the nucleolus, and the Shapley value. These mechanisms can improve the renegotiation regulations in PPP contracts and help decision makers manage renegotiations with better structure and supervision. The proposed allocation mechanisms are shown to be fair and practical approaches to managing the financial viability in PPP contracts.
Are midwifery students adequately prepared for vaginal breech birth in clinical practice?
Authors: Nel Steffne , Geraghty Sadie
Published: February 2018

While the value of the clinical skills and expertise required to enable safe vaginal breech birth remains high, midwives who possess these skills are becoming scarce. Additionally, for many midwifery students, vaginal breech birth is becoming somewhat of an elusive event, rarely experienced in clinical practice when completing their training. Not so long ago, this was a standard competency taught to and held by obstetricians and midwives alike, but for those in developed nations working within robust healthcare systems, the frequency of planned vaginal breech birth is on a downward trend, and this is reflected in midwifery educational curriculums.
Development of an alcohol liaison midwifery service in a health Trust in Northern Ireland
Authors: Reid Esther , McStay Patricia
Published: February 2018

Background

Consumption of alcohol is integrated into the social fabric of UK society and the guidelines for drinking alcohol during pregnancy have only recently been updated in the UK to a zero approach. There is clear evidence that alcohol may have an impact on both the ongoing pregnancy and the developing fetus.

Aim

To identify and support pregnant women with a history of alcohol misuse.

Methods

In 2013, one health Trust in Northern Ireland received support from the Big Lottery Fund to set up an Alcohol Liaison Midwifery service. This article provides an overview of the effect of maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy and the development of a new alcohol liaison midwifery service.

Findings

The aims of the service were achieved and due to the legacy from the educational programme some may be continued by midwives.

Conclusion

The support required by the ongoing complex caseload of women with a history of alcohol misuse is dependent on a close working relationship between addiction and maternity services which requires a key central role to continue.
How important is reading critically?
Authors: Winter George
Published: February 2018

In an era of ‘Fake News’ claims, it is even more important to critically appraise the scientific literature that provides evidence-based advice for midwives. George Winter explains
The aesthetic revolution
Authors: Rancière Jacques
Published: February 2018

In this paper Jacques Rancière outlines the main threads of his book Aisthesis and the overall logic connecting them. Aisthesis concerns the logic of what Rancière calls the aesthetic regime of art, the regime within which, from the mid-eighteenth century on, Art (with a capital ‘A’) comes to be identified as a sphere in its own right. This regime consists in a democratization of sensible experience, which in turn fosters the project of an aesthetic revolution in which the aim is to reshape the very forms of sensible experience. Rancière describes the aspects and logic of this unique project.
Hybridity: Discussing Rancière with Austro-Marxism
Authors: Perica Ivana
Published: February 2018

The paper draws on possibilities of applying Rancière’s views to the poetics and politics of ‘Red Vienna’, that is, to the cultural and educational policies developed by the Social Democratic Workers’ Party of Austria (SDAP), which in the 1920s supported aesthetic policies structurally related to Rancière’s own conceptions of art and aesthetic revolution. The aim of the paper is to discuss Rancière’s understanding of aesthetic revolution in the light of the historical achievements and impasses of the Viennese social democratic politics.
Dandy Socialism
Authors: Kreft Lev
Published: February 2018

‘It was a dark and stormy night...’ with these words Edward Bulwer-Lytton began his 1830 novel Paul Clifford. ‘Le 13 décembre 1838, par une soirée pluvieuse et froid’ are the words with which Eugène Sue begins his novel The Mysteries of Paris, its narrative following a ‘conceptual’ introductory address to the reader. There are many more features connecting these two popular literary pieces of the Romantic period. In-between, a new genre emerged – the melodramatic social(ist) novel – together with new means of communication, i.e. the novel feuilleton that was printed in daily newspapers. This subtle form of censorship suggests that a genre believed to be melodramatically mediocre had an excessive aestheticopolitical attractiveness. Eugène Sue was a star writer of nineteenth century bestsellers novels–feuilletons during the period between the two revolutions of 1830 and 1848. Afterwards he practically fell into oblivion and was barely mentioned in the company of ‘serious’ writers like Balzac and Hugo or Dickens and Thackeray, all of whom, however, took his allegedly mediocre melodramatic and popular narratives as cases to be followed. His temporary fame was confirmed by the response of Bruno Bauer’s group of young Hegelians, who found in Sue’s literary attractiveness a philosophical solution for all the mysteries and conflicts of the period. Marx’s criticism of their philosophical and political position in The Sacred Family includes a lengthy and thorough criticism of their ‘philosophical’ readings of the novel, of the novel itself, and of their and Sue’s understanding of the new bourgeois reality. Among other points, Sue’s alleged socialism is described with the help of a comparison between the police and the moral police. Can we, along with a re-establishment of the context of The Mysteries of Paris, leave behind the critique of ideology and the literary critique of popular and mass culture in order to bring back into the aesthetic field this melodramatic narrative of class society and to re-establish the politics of its aesthetics?
Fictioning disagreement: The construction of separation in the work of Jacques Rancière
Authors: Besana Bruno
Published: February 2018

Although constantly intertwining aesthetic and political considerations, the work of Rancière also forcefully stresses the absence of any evidence in the relation between art and politics. The article uses the theme of this lack of self-evident relation in order to analyse a series of key-concepts of Rancière’s work (regime, contrariété, disagreement, etc.) and, lastly, proposes to read through this reconstruction of its conceptual architecture the place – both conceptual and practical – where a subject can be thought and produced. In this sense, this article proposes to read in Rancière’s work the presence of a structured concept of the subject, the very determination of which is inseparable from the – at once collective and singular – articulation of a space of indetermination and fracture: a space articulating the absence of relation between different modes of interruption of evidences, taking place in the arts and in politics. In this way, Rancière’s work contributes to thinking the subject as groundless, irrelative to any given, specific reality (such as, for instance, ‘humanity’), as a new form connecting together, via a radically new narrative, a series of fractures operated within received, allegedly ‘natural’ modes of classifications of reality.
‘You ought not to be obsessed with the idea that you have to intervene on every subject at every moment’: Interview with Jacques Rancière
Authors: Brezavšček Pia , Perko Saška Rakef
Published: February 2018

For the conference The Aesthetic Regime of Art: Dimensions of Rancière’s Theory, organised by Maska, Radio Ars commissioned an interview with Jacques Rancière. The conversation focused on topics such as the relationship between politics and aesthetics, and the genesis of Rancière’s thinking, which has recently focused on aesthetics beyond the notion of beauty. We discussed the role of art in contemporary society and the accusations of its hermeticity. And we tackled the idea of communism for present times. In contrast with other star intellectuals, Rancière expresses reservations about the constant need for intellectuals to provide opinions on all subject-matters and events.
Iatrogenic Ventricular Fibrillation after Direct-Current Cardioversion of Preexcited Atrial Fibrillation Caused by Inadvertent T-Wave Synchronization
Authors: Kaufmann Michael R. , McKillop Matthew S. , Burkart Thomas A. , Panna Mark , Conti Jamie B. , Miles William M.
Published: February 2018

Direct-current cardioversion is an important means of managing arrhythmias. During treatment, carefully synchronizing energy delivery to the QRS complex is necessary to avoid ventricular fibrillation caused by a shock during the vulnerable period of ventricular repolarization, that is, a shock on the T wave. The presence of an accessory pathway and ventricular preexcitation can lead to difficulty in distinguishing the QRS complex from the T wave because of bizarre, wide, irregular QRS complexes and prominent repolarization. We present the cases of 2 patients who had iatrogenic ventricular fibrillation from inappropriate T-wave synchronization during direct-current cardioversion of preexcited atrial fibrillation. Our experience shows that rapidly recognizing the iatrogenic cause of VF and immediate treatment with unsynchronized defibrillation can prevent adverse clinical outcomes.
“It’s exhausting to create an event out of nothing”: Slow Violence and the Manipulation of Time
Authors: Ahmann Chloe
Published: February 2018

In recent years, scholars have developed a vocabulary for describing scenes of insecurity, precarity, and disorder too slow to achieve recognition as crises. Concepts such as slow violence, for example, depend on forms of delay, deferral, attrition, and accumulation whose ordinariness exacerbates suffering. But not enough attention has been paid to how those mired in the experience of protracted harm themselves use time to respond to this pernicious condition. In this article, I focus on the deliberate manipulations of time that characterize responses to slow violence by examining a campaign to halt the construction of a trash incinerator in south Baltimore. The incinerator—which posed toxic risk for residents in exchange for the promise of clean, green, renewable energy—was to be the latest in a steady stream of impositions that have plagued local bodies since the nineteenth century. Here, I scrutinize this history and the consequences of gradual industrial incursion on risk perceptibility. I then analyze the ways in which time has been slowed, sped up, reordered, and strategically punctuated by parties on multiple sides of the incinerator campaign. In the process, this article offers up a set of tools that, beyond depicting time as a medium of violence, also specify temporalities of resistance and refusal. Taken together, they suggest that slow violence, rather than merely obstructing response, invites creative forms of temporal orchestration and moral punctuation.
Welche Potenziale die Digitalisierung für ein suffizienzförderndes Marketing bringt
Authors: Gossen Maike , Schrader Ulf
Published: February 2018

Es klingt paradox: Gewinnorientierte Unternehmen unterstützen mit ihrem Marketing suffizientes Konsumverhalten. Aufgrund zunehmender Nachhaltigkeitsherausforderungen steigen auch die Anforderungen an Unternehmen, und die Digitalisierung bietet neue Möglichkeiten für ein suffizienzförderndes Marketing.
Wider das Wachstum der Grenzen
Authors: Petschow Ulrich
Published: February 2018

Der technische Ansatz der Bioökonomie folgt der Idee, dass Grenzen des Wachstums durch das Wachstum der Grenzen überwunden werden können. Für eine gesellschaftliche Transformation muss die Bioökonomie einen anderen Pfad einschlagen.
Bioökonomie und Nachhaltigkeit – Betrachtung von Chancen und Herausforderungen
Authors: Rupp Johannes , Heinbach Katharina
Published: February 2018

Einführung in das Schwerpunktthema
Von einer fossil basierten zu einer biobasierten Wirtschaft
Authors: Wydra Sven , Hüsing Bärbel
Published: February 2018

Die Transformation zur Bioökonomie kann einen erheblichen Beitrag zur Erreichung gesellschaftlicher Ziele leisten. Um den Transformationsprozess zu gestalten, müssen Bioökonomie-Visionen konkretisiert sowie Leitlinien und daran angepasste Maßnahmen entwickelt werden.
Entwicklung einer regionalen Bioökonomie-Strategie
Authors: Weidtmann Annette , Rausch Thomas , Hirth Thomas
Published: February 2018

Baden-Württemberg steht für Innovation und Nachhaltigkeit. Der Artikel beschreibt die Erfahrungenmit der Umsetzung des Bioökonomie-Forschungsprogramms und gibt Ausblick auf die Entwicklung einer regionalen Bioökonomie-Strategie.
Optical molecular imaging of corpora amylacea in human brain tissue
Authors: Galli Roberta , Meinhardt Matthias , Koch Edmund , Schackert Gabriele , Steiner Gerald , Kirsch Matthias , Uckermann Ortrud
Published: February 2018

Label-free multiphoton imaging constitutes a promising technique for clinical diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring. Corpora amylacea (CoA) are starch-like structures often found in the diseased brain, whose origin and role in nervous pathologies are still a matter of debate. Recently, CoA in the diseased human hippocampus were found to be second harmonic generation (SHG) active. Here, we show that CoA formed in other parts of the diseased brain and in brain neoplasms display a similar SHG activity. The SHG pattern of CoA depended on laser polarization, indicating that a radial structure is responsible for their nonlinear activity. Vibrational spectroscopy was used to study the biochemistry underlying the SHG activity. Infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy showed that CoA contain polyglucosans that are biochemically similar to glycogen, but with an unusual structure that is similar to amylopectin, which justifies the nonlinear activity of CoA. Our findings explain the SHG activity of CoA and demonstrate that CoA in the pathological brain are amenable to label-free multiphoton imaging. Further research will clarify whether intraoperative assessment of CoA can be diagnostically exploited.
Tetraspore germination of two vulnerable marine algae, Gelidium canariense and G. arbusculum (Rhodophyta, Gelidiales)
Authors: Alfonso Beatriz , Hernández José Carlos , Sansón Marta
Published: February 2018

Gelidium canariense and Gelidium arbusculum coexist in the upper sublittoral zone in the Canary Islands and are the only Gelidiales registered as vulnerable species. Spore germination and the formation of rhizoids are vital steps for the successful growth of new plants. We investigated the initial germination stages of tetraspores and the growth of the primary rhizoid in these two vulnerable species. Both Gelidiales exhibited Gelidium-type germination. However, liberated tetraspores of G. canariense and G. arbusculum germinated earlier than those of other species of the Gelidiales. The growth curves of primary rhizoids were similar in both species.
Spectroscopic (FT-IR, FT-Raman, UV, 1H and 13C NMR) insights, electronic profiling and DFT computations on ({(E)-[3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1-phenylpropylidene] amino}oxy)(4-nitrophenyl)methanone, an imidazole-bearing anti-Candida agent
Authors: Al-Wahaibi Lamya H. , Govindarajan Munusamy , El-Emam Ali A. , Attia Mohamed I.
Published: February 2018

The anti-Candida agent, ({(E)-[3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1-phenylpropylidene]amnio}oxy(4-nitropheny) methanone (IPAONM), was subjected to comprehensive spectroscopic (FT-IR, FT-Raman, UV–Vis 1H and 13C NMR) characterization as well as Hartree Fock and density functional theory computation studies. The selected optimized geometric bond lengths and bond angles of the IPAONM molecule were compared with the experimental values. The calculated wavenumbers have been scaled and compared with the experimental spectra. Mulliken charges and natural bond orbital analysis of the title molecule were calculated and interpreted. The energy and oscillator strengths of the IPAONM molecule were calculated by time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). In addition, frontier molecular orbitals and molecular electrostatic potential diagram of the title compound were computed and analyzed. A study on the electronic properties, such as HOMO, HOMO-1, LUMO and LUMO+1 energies was carried out using TD-DFT approach. The 1H and 13C NMR chemical shift values of the title compound were calculated by the gauge independent atomic orbital method and compared with the experimental results.
M-Polynomials And Topological Indices Of Zigzag And Rhombic Benzenoid Systems
Authors: Ali Ashaq , Nazeer Waqas , Munir Mobeen , Min Kang Shin
Published: February 2018

M-polynomial of different molecular structures helps to calculate many topological indices. This polynomial is a new idea and its beauty is the wealth of information it contains about the closed forms of degree-based topological indices of molecular graph G of the structure. It is a well-known fact that topological indices play significant role in determining properties of the chemical compound [1, 2, 3, 4]. In this article, we computed the closed form of M-polynomial of zigzag and rhombic benzenoid systemsbecause of their extensive usages in industry. Moreover we give graphs of M-polynomials and their relations with the parameters of structures.
Implementation and verification of global optimization benchmark problems
Authors: Posypkin Mikhail , Usov Alexander
Published: February 2018

The paper considers the implementation and verification of a test suite containing 150 benchmarks for global deterministic box-constrained optimization. A C++ library for describing standard mathematical expressions was developed for this purpose. The library automate the process of generating the value of a function and its’ gradient at a given point and the interval estimates of a function and its’ gradient on a given box using a single description. Based on this functionality, we have developed a collection of tests for an automatic verification of the proposed benchmarks. The verification has shown that literary sources contain mistakes in the benchmarks description. The library and the test suite are available for download and can be used freely.