bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MODERNIDADE NO SUL DE MATO GROSSO: observações do viajante Rezende Rubim
Authors: MORO NATANIÉL DAL
Published: May 2016

Este artigo analisa uma parte da obra Reservas de brasilidade, de autoria de Rezende Rubim, que foi publicada em 1939, pela Companhia Editora Nacional. O objetivo fundamental é o de elencar e analisar aspectos apontados por Rubim sobre a modernidade existente no sul do Estado de Mato Grosso, território que no mês de outubro de 1977 passou a compor o Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. A maior parte das observações centrou-se no chamado espaço urbano das cidades de Três Lagoas, Campo Grande, Aquidauana, Miranda e Corumbá, embora muitas outras questões tenham sido destacadas de forma significativa por parte do olhar de Rubim, como a Estrada de Ferro Noroeste do Brasil (NOB). Palavras-chave: História Social da Cidade. Modernidade urbano-citadina.   Representações.  MODERNITY IN SOUTHERN MATO GROSSO: notes form traveler Rezende Rubim Abstract: This article analyses excerpts of the book Reservas de brasilidade by Rezende Rubim, published in 1939 by Companhis Editora Nacional. The main objective of this work is to list and analyze aspects pointed out by Rubim on the modernity in southern Mato Grosso state, territory that in October 1977 became part of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul. Most comments focus on so-called urban space in the cities of Três Lagoas, Campo Grande, Aquidauana, Miranda and Corumbá, although Rubim had highlighted many other issues in a meaningful way, as the Estrada de Ferro Noroeste do Brasil (Northwest Railroad of Brazil ”“ NOB). Keywords: City Social history. Urban-city modernity. Representations.  MODERNIDAD EN EL SUR DE MATO GROSSO: observaciones del viajero Rezende RubimResumen: Este articulo analiza una parte de la obra Reservas de brasilidade, de autoria de Rezende Rubim, publicada en 1939, por Companhia Editora Nacional.  El objetivo fundamental del trabajo es INCLUIR ELENCAR y analisar aspectos enseñados por Rubim sobre la modernidad que hay en Sur del Estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil, región que, en octubre de 1977    vino a componer el Estado de Mato Grosso del Sur. Grand parte de las observaciones se centran en el llamado espacio urbano de las ciudades de Tres Lagoas, Campo Grande, Aquidauana, Miranda y Corumbá, sin embargo otras cuestiones se destacan de modo significativo bajo la mirada de Rezende Rubim, como la Estrada de Ferro Noroeste de Brasil (NOB). Palabras clave: Historia Social. Modernidad urbana. Representaciones.
COM ZELO, INTELIGáŠNCIA E LIMPEZA DE MáƒOS: Eugênio Freyre de Andrade e as Casas da Moeda na primeira metade do século XVIII
Authors: CAVALCANTI IRENILDA R. B. R. M.
Published: May 2016

Este artigo propõe-se a acompanhar a carreira de Eugênio Freyre de Andrade, fidalgo da Casa del Rei, que ocupou vários cargos importantes, no Reino e na América, dentre eles, o de Contador dos Contos e Casa, Provedor da Casa de Moeda da cidade da Bahia (1713-1719) e o de Superintendente da Casa de Fundição de Vila Rica e da Casa de Moeda de Minas Gerais, entre 1720 e 1735, quando se implantou o sistema de capitação para recolhimento dos quintos reais. Analisar o papel desse oficial do Conselho da Fazenda ajudará a trazer, para o primeiro plano, figuras que sempre aparecem nos bastidores ou nos rodapés dos textos. Palavras-chave: Eugênio Freyre de Andrade. Casa de Moeda. Casa de Fundição. Elite administrativa.  WITH ZEAL, INTELLIGENCE AND HANDS CLEANING: Eugenio Freyre de Andrade and the Mint in the first half of the 18th centuryAbstract: This article proposes to follow the career of Eugenio Freyre de Andrade, a nobleman from the Royal del Rey House who held several important positions in the Kingdom and America. He was the Official Accountant (Contador dos Contos e Casa), director of Bahia City Mint (then called ”provider”, 1713-1719) and Superintendent of the House of Foundry in Vila Rica and Mint of Minas Gerais between 1720 and 1735, when he implemented the royal”™s fifth (quinto) collection system. The analysis of the role of this Treasury Council officer will help bring to the fore characters who always appear in the backstage or footnotes. Keywords: Eugenio Freyre de Andrade. Mint. Foundry House. Administrative elite.   CUIDADOS, INTELIGENCIA E HIGIENE DE MANOS: Eugenio Freyre de Andrade y las Casas de Moneda en la primera mitad del siglo XVIIIResumen: Este artá­culo objetiva acompañar la carrera profesional de Eugenio Freyre de Andrade, un hidalgo de la Casa del Rey, que ocupó varios cargos importantes en el Reino y en América, entre ellos, de Contador de los Cuentos y Casa, Proveedor de la Casa de Moneda de la ciudad de Bahá­a (1713-1719) y la Superintendencia de la Casa de Fundición de Vila Rica y Casa de Moneda de Minas Gerais, entre 1720 y 1735, cuando fue implementado el sistema de capitación para el pago de los quintos reales. Analizar el papel de este oficial de la Junta del Tesoro ayudará a traer al primer plano, las figuras que vienen siempre por detrás de las escenas o en las notificaciones al final de los textos. Palabras clave: Eugenio Freyre de Andrade. Casa de la Moneda. Casa de Fundición. Élite de Administración.
BEZERRA, Nielson Rosa; ROCHA, Elaine (Org.). Another Black Like Me: the construction of identities and solidarity in the African diaspora. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2015. 230 p.
Authors: CAVALHEIRO DANIELA CARVALHO
Published: May 2016

IDENTIDADES EM QUESTáƒO: escravidão, liberdade e pertencimento no mundo atlá¢ntico THE MATTER OF IDENTITY: slavery, freedom and belonging in the Atlantic world LA IDENTIDAD EN CUESTIONAMIENTO: esclavitud, libertad y pertenencia en el mundo atlá¢ntico
HISTÓRIA E MEMÓRIAS REACENDIDAS: a apropriação Terena da escola
Authors: VARGAS VERA LÚCIA FERREIRA , CASTRO IáRA QUELHO DE
Published: May 2016

No presente artigo buscou-se mostrar a apropriação da escola pelos Terena no Mato Grosso do Sul, as ações realizadas para fortalecê-la junto á  comunidade indá­gena e, principalmente, junto á  sociedade envolvente. Trabalhou-se sob o pressuposto de que essa instituição foi transformada pelos professores indá­genas em um importante mecanismo para as suas reflexões polá­ticas e como lugar de se compreender histórias, reavivar memórias e a lá­ngua Terena, por meio do qual se realiza uma leitura do passado e com isso fortalece a memória histórica do grupo, que legitima as reivindicações atuais por direitos, sobretudo os territoriais. Palavras-chave: Escola. Terena. Apropriação.  HISTORY AND MEMORY RE-ENLIGHTENED: the Terena”™s appropriation of school Abstract: This paper describes the appropriation of school by the Terena”™s in Mato Grosso do Sul, the actions taken to strengthen it with the indigenous community and especially by the surrounding society. We”™ve worked under the assumption that this institution was transformed by indigenous teachers in an important mechanism for their political thoughts and as a place to understand stories, reviving memories and Terena”™s language, through which they perform a reading of the past and strengths the gouup”™s historical memory, which legitimizes the current demands for rights, especially territorial.Keywords: School. Terena. Appropriation.   HISTORIA Y MEMORIAS RE ENCENDIDAS: la apropiación Terena de la escuela Resumen: El presente artá­culo muestra la apropiación de la escuela por los Terena en Mato Grosso do Sul; las acciones realizadas para su fortalecimiento junto a la comunidad indá­gena y, principalmente, junto a la sociedad envuelta. Trabajamos sob el presupuesto de que la institución haya sufrido un cambio por los profesores indá­genas en un importante mecanismo para sus reflexiones polá­ticas y como un espacio para que se comprenda sus historias, revivan sus memorias y la lengua Terena, por lo cual se realiza una lectura del pasado y con esto fortalezca su memoria histórica del grupo, que legitima las reivindicaciones actuales por derechos, sobre todo los territoriales. Palabras-clave: Escuela. Terena. Apropiación.
An Analysis of the Use and Policies Regarding Social Media Use as a Work Tool in Public Rehabilitation
Authors: Garcia Jorge , Zeglin Robert J. , Matray Shari , Froehlich Robert , Marable Ronica , McGuire-Kuletz Maureen
Published: May 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this article was to gather descriptive data on the professional use of social media in public rehabilitation settings and to analyze existing social media policies in those agencies through content analysis.

Methods: The authors sent a survey to all state administrators or directors of these agencies (N = 50) in the United States, requesting frequency and other descriptive information, plus a copy of their social media policies (if available). The available policies were reviewed using content analysis procedures.

Results: The results showed that although the frequency of social media use was high, training and inclusion of ethics was low. Regarding policy, approximately 42% reported a lack of an existing policy, and 38% were unsure about having a policy guide. The analysis of the available policies yielded 11 themes around which these policies were organized.

Discussion: The authors offer a discussion of these results and its implications for policy and practice as well as future research. These include the need for more comprehensive social media policy creation in agencies and the role of clinical supervisors in ensuring ethical practice.
Enhancing Student-Student Online Interaction: Exploring the Study Buddy Peer Review Activity
Authors: Madland Colin , Richards Griff
Published: May 2016

The study buddy is a learning strategy employed in a graduate distance course to promote informal peer reviewing of assignments before submission. This strategy promotes student-student interaction and helps break the social isolation of distance learning. Given the concern by Arum and Roksa (2011) that student-student interaction may be distracting from instead of contributing to academic achievement it was felt important to examine the way peer interaction can contribute to learning in a well-structured collaborative learning activity. This mixed-methods study (n=31) examined both quantitative and qualitative aspects of student perceptions of the study buddy activity. While quantitative findings regarding depth of processing were inconclusive due to the small and homogeneous sample, qualitative analysis showed very high levels of learner support for the activity as well as evidence that the activity encouraged learners to approach their learning with greater depth. 88% of study buddies said they found the activity well worth their time, and would recommend it for other graduate courses. It is thought with greater scaffolding, the quality of buddy feedback might be improved. The few who did not appreciate the activity felt let down by a lack of buddy commitment to the process.
Hispanic or Latino Student Success in Online Schools
Authors: Corry Michael
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this study is to examine graduation and dropout rates for Hispanic or Latino K–12 students enrolled in fully online and blended public school settings in Arizona.  The independent variables of school type (charter vs. non-charter) and delivery method (fully online vs. blended) were examined using multivariate and univariate methods on the dependent variable’s graduation and dropout rates for Hispanic or Latino students.  The results of this research study found a statistically significant difference when using multivariate analysis to examine school type (charter vs. non-charter) and delivery method (fully online vs. blended) on graduation and dropout rates.

This finding warranted further univariate examination which found a statistically significant difference when examining delivery method on dropout rates.  A comparison of mean dropout rates shows that Hispanic or Latino students involved in K–12 online learning in Arizona are less likely to drop out of school if they are in a fully online learning environment versus a blended learning environment.  Students, parents, teachers, administrators, instructional designers, and policy makers can all use this and related research to form a basis upon which sound decisions can be grounded.  The end result will be increased success for Hispanic or Latino online K–12 students not only in Arizona schools, but in many other important areas of life.
Flipped Classroom Research and Trends from Different Fields of Study
Authors: Zainuddin Zamzami , Halili Siti Hajar
Published: May 2016

This paper aims to analyse the trends and contents of flipped classroom research based on 20 articles that report on flipped learning classroom initiatives from 2013–2015. The content analysis was used as a methodology to investigate methodologies, area of studies, technology tools or online platforms, the most frequently keywords used and works cited references, impacts for students’ learning, and flipped classroom challenges. The results of the analysis were interpreted using descriptive analysis, percentages, and frequencies. This analysis found that various fields were practiced in the flipped classroom approach, and some technology tools were used as the online platform for its practice. Analysis of the impacts showed that flipped classroom brought positive impacts toward students’ learning activities such as achievement, motivation, engagement, and interaction. Several issues in this discussion become implications that can be taken into consideration for future research. Some challenges found in applying flipped classroom are needed to be addressed by future researchers, such as suitability of the flipped classroom for poor quality of video lectures and untrained instructor. This study also becomes an implication for government or policymakers to determine the flipped classroom as a contemporary model to be implemented in teaching-learning activities for higher education, even K-12 students.
Impacts of a Digital Dialogue Game and Epistemic Beliefs on Argumentative Discourse and Willingness to Argue
Authors: Noroozi Omid , McAlister Simon , Mulder Martin
Published: May 2016

The goal of this study was to explore how students debate with their peers within a designed context using a digital dialogue game, and whether their epistemic beliefs are significant to the outcomes. Epistemic beliefs are known to colour student interactions within argumentative discourse, leading some students to hold back from interactions. By designing an online small group activity based around an issue both important and controversial to the students, with multiple viewpoints in each group and with the scaffolding provided by a dialogue game, it was examined whether these epistemic effects were still evident within their argumentative discourse. Furthermore, the study examined whether the activity design improves students' willingness to argue with each other, and their openness to attitudinal change. A pretest, posttest design was used with students who were assigned to groups of four or five and asked to argue on a controversial topic. Their aim was to explore various perspectives and to debate the pros and cons of the use of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs). While previous research has shown that some epistemic beliefs lead to less critical engagement with peers, the results presented here demonstrate that activity design is also an important factor in successful engagement within argumentative discourse.
Instructor’s Use of Social Presence, Teaching Presence, and Attitudinal Dissonance: A Case Study of an Attitudinal Change MOOC
Authors: Watson Sunnie Lee , Watson William R , Richardson Jennifer , Loizzo Jamie
Published: May 2016

This study examines a MOOC instructor’s use of social presence, teaching presence, and dissonance for attitudinal change in a MOOC on Human Trafficking, designed to promote attitudinal change. Researchers explored the MOOC instructor’s use of social presence and teaching presence, using the Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework as a lens, and examined the facilitation of attitudinal dissonance within the discussion forum, announcements and blog postings in the course. The instructor entered the MOOC with the idea of serving as a co-participant and a facilitation choice was made to address the issue of multiple perspectives and experiences. The instructional design focused on establishing a collaborative community of learners and this was demonstrated through a high number of social presence indicators but with significant use of all three areas in evidence. Findings present a detailed examination of instructor strategies in a MOOC designed to focus on the establishment of a collaborative learning community and can inform future instructional design and instruction of MOOCs in general and MOOCs for attitudinal change specifically.
Histochemical Changes Liver and Kidney of Mice Exposed to Mercury and Recovery with Nanogold
Authors: Taufikurohmah Titik , Sanjaya I Gusti Made , Baktir Afaf , Syahrani Achmad
Published: May 2016

The background of this research is the circulation cosmetic with mercury that occur today in society. The problem of the research is that occur histochemical’s damage liver and kidney after exposure to mercury, and is that nanogold can recovery that damage. The pre-clinical study needed 24 mice (Mus muscullus) were divided into 6 groups, the control is A group, B group was exposed to mercury, Groups C, D, E and F after being exposed to mercury, than recovery by nanogold with concentration each of 5, 10, 15 and 20 ppm. Exposure was performed 1 week and 4 weeks of recovery. Necropsy of mice doing after treatment, liver and kidneys are processed into preparations by blocking with paraffin embedding method. Histochemical staining of liver and kidney tissue with Hematoxylin eosin (HE) to determine changes of cell constituent and staining Van Geyson to determine the structure of collagen constituent. Statistics Manova showed different results between treatment groups. Tissue damage, lysis cell and destruction of collagen can be observed from histochemical techniques for mercury-exposed group compared to the control group. Tissue and collagen recovery process can be observed from group C, D, E and F. The conclusion that the effects of mercury one week exposed through skin give effect to collagen tissue damage at liver and kidneys of mice. 20 ppm of Nanogold can recovery damaged cells and collagen tissue from the liver and kidneys of mice after four weeks of recovery.
Identification of Secondary Metabolites Compounds and Antibacterial Activities on The Extract of Soursop Leaf
Authors: Ningsih Dian Riana , Zusfahair Zusfahair , Kartika Dwi
Published: May 2016

Treatment of bacterial infectious diseases using semi-synthetic antibiotics can lead to resistance, so as to overcome it necessary to search for natural ingredients from plant extracts that has potential as an antibacterial, one of which is the leaf extract of soursop (Annona muricata L.). This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of soursop leaf against E. coli and identify groups most active chemical compounds from the extracts. Soursop leaves extracted by maceration using n-hexane, chloroform and methanol. The extracts were tested for antibacterial activity using the diffusion method. Extract with the highest activity determined the minimum inhibitory concentrations grow (MIC) and tested the content of secondary metabolites with phytochemical test, subsequently identified using IR spectrophotometer. Soursop leaves with extraction solvent n-hexane, chloroform and methanol to produce n-hexane extract (E1), the chloroform extract (E2), and the methanol extract (E3) with a yield respectively 0.82%; 5.21%; 8.2% and produce antibacterial activity with consecutive inhibition zone of 3.52 mm; 8.34 mm; 3.00 mm. MIC of soursop leaf chloroform extract of the E. coli bacteria that is at a concentration of 1 ppm with inhibition zone of 3.23 mm. Based on the test results phytochemical soursop leaf chloroform extract showed the presence of compounds alkaloids, steroids, saponins and tannins. IR spectrophotometer identification results showed that the chloroform extract of the leaves of the soursop has functional groups OH, aliphatic C-H, C = O, C = C aromatic, CH3, C-O ether and C-H outside the field.
Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Analysis of Xanthone Derivates as Cytotoxic Agents in Liver Cancer Cell Line HepG2
Authors: Miladiyah Isnatin , Tahir Iqmal , Jumina Jumina , Mubarika Sofia , Mustofa Mustofa
Published: May 2016

The study of xanthone derivatives as cytotoxic agents in cancer is increasing. This study was conducted to explore the Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) of xanthones as cytotoxic agents in HepG2 cells, to find compounds with better potency. The data set were taken from the previous study, involving 26 xanthone derivates and their cytotoxic activities in Inhibitory Concentration 50% (IC50). The parameters (descriptors) were obtained from quantum mechanics calculation using semiempirical AM1 method and QSAR models determined with principle component regression, with log (1/IC50) as a dependent variable and five latent variables as independent variables. From the 26 main descriptors, PCR reduced them to five latent variables (1st– 5th LV). The QSAR analysis gave the best model as follows: log (1/IC50) = 4.592 – 0.204 LV1 + 0.295 LV2 + 0.028 LV3 (n = 26, r = 0.571, SE = 0.234, Fcount/Ftable ratio = 1.165, PRESS value = 3.766). The study concluded that the descriptors contributed to anticancer activity were volume, mass, surface area, log P, dipole moment, HOMO energy, LUMO energy, and atomic net charge of some atoms. Modifications of substitution that would contribute to cytotoxic activity can be performed at phenyl ring A and C, but not at B.
A New Class of Production Function Model and Its Application
Authors: Cheng Maolin , Jiang Zedi
Published: May 2016

Under some circumstances, the studies on economic growth theory can be translated into the researches on production function which will beneficial for the government to analyze the pattern of economic growth and then make reasonable policies. The commonly used production functions include C-D production function, CES production function, VES production function with different elasticity of substitution. This paper will put forward to a new class of production function which elasticity of substitutionσis a non-linear function ofK/L. With this new model, a calculation formula for accurately measure the influence rates of various factors to economic growth will be derived, which is significant for in-depth studies on functions and scientific measurement. The empirical analysis on the influence rates of China’s economic growth factors and its good results will be presented in the end of this paper.
A Review on Fracture-Initiation and -Propagation Pressures for Lost Circulation and Wellbore Strengthening
Authors: Feng Yongcun , Jones John F. , Gray K. E.
Published: May 2016

Fracture-initiation pressure (FIP) and fracture-propagation pressure (FPP) are both important considerations for preventing and mitigating lost circulation. For significant fluid loss to occur, a fracture must initiate on an intact wellbore or reopen on a wellbore with pre-existing fractures, and then propagate into the far-field region. Wellbore-strengthening operations are designed to increase one or both of these two pressures to combat lost circulation. Currently, some theoretical models assume that FIPs and FPPs are only functions of in-situ stress and rock-mechanical properties. However, as demonstrated by numerous field and laboratory observations, they are also highly related to drilling-fluid properties and to interactions between the drilling fluid and formation rock.

This paper discusses the mechanisms of lost circulation and wellbore strengthening, with an emphasis on factors that can affect FIP and FPP. These factors include microfractures on the wellbore wall, in-situ-stress anisotropy, pore pressure, fracture toughness, filter-cake development, fracture bridging/plugging, bridge location, fluid leakoff, rock permeability, pore size of rock, mud type, mud solid concentration, and critical capillary pressure. The conclusions of this paper include information seldom considered in lost-circulation studies, such as the effect of microfractures on FIP and the effect of capillary forces on FPP. Research results described in this paper may be useful for lost-circulation mitigation and wellbore-strengthening design, as well as hydraulic-fracturing design and leakoff-test (LOT) interpretation.
An Export Competitiveness And Marketing Channel For Fresh Grapes Of Maharashtra
Authors: Parmar Prof. Gautam , Leua Dr. Alpesh
Published: May 2016

Grapes export from India started in the year 1991 with the initiation of economic liberalization. The export of grapes during the year 2008-09 was about 118133 t, fetching an export earning of Rs. 367.06 crore. The major importers of Indian grapes are UK, Netherlands, Germany, USA, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Oman, Bahrain, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Mauritius, Singapore and Hongkong. The primary data was collected from grape grower farmer through the structured interview. The method of selection of farmers was random sampling from each districts. 68 farmers from Maharashtra's leading grape producing districts (Nasik, Pune, sangli and Ahmednagar) were selected for the purpose of study. Grape export has a significant growth rate in India. India has a great scope to export grape in large quantity to such a country having high competitiveness and less distance to transport from India to Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates, and Belgium to earn more profit. Countries like UK, USA, and Netherland gives us maximum price to fresh grape because of high quality standard and high demand.
A Comparative Study of Registered & Foreign Venture Capital Investment with Special Reference to BT Sector in India.
Authors: Srinivasa Mr. G , Visvesvaraya Sir M.
Published: May 2016

Investment plays a key role in setting up of business; initial investment has grabbed more concern of promoters today, as there are different funding options for setting up of the business. It is the selection of type of investment which plays a key role in return and ensures smooth functioning of the business. Promoter's reluctance for new investment has become one of the stumbling blocks as far as risky investments are concerned. Hence, to address this issue, the government has also taken adequate measures to promote the small and medium enterprises. It is needless to say that there is a gradual improvement in the flow of investment in the above sectors in recent years because of various factors such as growth opportunity, cost of capital, risk and return aspects.
Crowd Sourcing – A New Management Mantra
Authors: Premnath Devi , Nateson Dr. C.
Published: May 2016

“Crowd sourcing” is a brand new concept which has started to make wave in the field of management'. It refers to the process of outsourcing of activities to an online community or crowd in the form of an open call. Any member of the crowd can complete the assignment who will then be paid for his efforts. This phenomenon is increasingly noticed in the field of advertising where companies have started generating ideas and strategies of advertisement from crowd, for a better realistic approach. The process is speedy and is less expensive in terms of time and money. This paper is an attempt to put light on the various nuances of “crowd sourcing”, the methodologies involved and its impacts related to competitive segment of business. The success mantra of crowd sourcing is the power of crowd that drives the future of management.
Bridging the Health Inequality and Strengthening Public Health System Through Public Private Partnership
Authors: Shastri Dr. Rajesh Kumar , Verma Mr. Rinki
Published: May 2016

India stands on 67th position out of 133 (approx) developing countries with regard to the number of doctors, while stands on 75th position with respect to number of nurses. Out of total healthcare spending in India, the government owned health facilities accounts for only 20% in comparison to 80% of private sector. Over 72.2% of Indian population lives in rural areas under poor and unsatisfactory environmental conditions, with high levels of openness to diseases and ill health. A significant proportion of poor in India are destitute due to lack of affordability to the services of private hospitals, characterized by highly qualified doctors and costly equipments, whereas public hospitals are noticeable by insufficient number of facilities, lack of personnel, medicines along with long queues which further highlights economical disparity problems of Indian people to thrash about the health related problems. As per the NFHS 2 data, only 43% of the urban poor children are fully immunized by the completion of one year of age. The percentage of severely underweight children among the urban poor is 23.0 which is twice the urban average (11.6%) and five times (4.5%) that of urban high income group. The vast majority of the country suffers from a poor standard of healthcare infrastructure which has not kept up with the growing economy. The only hope for the improvement in condition of the health care system of developing countries can be the mixture of public –private through Public Private Partnership. This paper aims to examine the current status of health infrastructure in developing countries like India, about the challenges lying in front of Government in developing health care system, identifying critical gap and requirements in Health services besides the comparison with other developing economies. It also seeks to examine the socio-economic environment of developing country, attracted towards private sector participation in health care development and review of potential benefits and risk involved, to ensure success and sustainability of Public Private Partnership.
Software Quality Management – An Overview of CMMI and TPI Quality Assessment Procedures
Authors: Mishra Prof. Karuna Devi
Published: May 2016

The objective of the paper is to bring out the various aspects of CMMI and TMMI standards in software testing. It also aims to bring out a new frame work which will cover all aspects into one standard implementation rather than carrying out various tests and still feeling something is left out. CMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration) is a process improvement approach that provides organizations with the essential elements of effective processes, which will improve their performance. CMMI-based process improvement includes identifying organization's process, strengths and weaknesses and making process change to turn weaknesses into strengths. CMMI applies to teams, work groups, projects, divisions, and entire organizations etc. Finding out why CMMI has been adopted by so many organizations worldwide.
E – Governance System in Gujarat State
Authors: Halvadia Prof. Nirav , Joshi Prof. (Dr.) Ajay , Patel Prof. Shekha
Published: May 2016

E-governance system means the use of a range of modern Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) such as Internet, Local Area Network, and Mobiles etc, by Government to improve the effectiveness, efficiency, service delivery and to promote democracy. Gujarat is a frontline state in the implementation of e-governance policies & projects and setting up of key infrastructure for e-governance. This article deals with role of Gujarat egovernance system in improving Government to Government, Government to Citizen and Government to Business communication. This article also gives overview of system, E-governance system and benefits of.
Consumer Preferences for Personal Car between Segments Identified on Basis of Household Income with Special Reference to Tata Nano
Authors: Chaturvedi Dr. Ramesh Kumar
Published: May 2016

India is a growing economy and it is good that Indians buy smaller cars, which are most suited to a very large, lower and middle class of Indian consumer pyramid. Cars have always been a status symbol in India, and it has yet to become a necessity product. So the important question here is what rides the nerves of Indian consumers, while going through the buying process of personal cars. Probably the perception of people about buying and using a car has changed permanently after launch of the car 'NANO' from Tata. This very fact has been instrumental in prompting us to go for this research. As 'commoditization' has happened for Personal Computers and economy segment of mobile handset's market, similarly, the same is expected in economic personal cars market. Car industry now has already started taking shape in collaboration with segments identified, like purchasing power or family household income. In this research, efforts had been taken to identify what fascinates Indian consumers, while shopping a car. For the study, the whole population has been divided into two samples of 15 members each, one consisting of rich members of society and other not very rich, on the basis of their family household income. Parametric t-test is applied to study to find out the similarity and dissimilarity of consumer's preferences and likings belonging to these social segments. This study can prove to be an important input in shaping the marketing strategies of today's and tomorrow's car manufacturing and marketing companies by helping them to decide POD's and POP's for the segment they are catering or planning to cater.
Retraction Notice: Conversion of Sugar to Aldonic Acids: An Important Industrial Precursor
Authors: Arya Kapil , Masram Dhanraj T.
Published: May 2016

The following article has been retracted on the request of the Authors Dr. Kapil Arya and Dr. Dhanraj T. Masram entitled “Conversion of Sugar to Aldonic Acids: An Important Industrial Precursor”; published in Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry, vol.13, no. 3; Pp. 198-205”.

The above article contains a graphical abstract which was used by the authors without soliciting per-mission from the License Compliance UAE, which represents a copyright violation. Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for not detecting this omission during the publishing process. We thank Mr. Ameer Alian for bringing this breach of conduct to our attention.

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Direction to an Internet Support Group Compared With Online Expressive Writing for People With Depression and Anxiety: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Dean Jeremy , Potts Henry WW , Barker Chris
Published: May 2016

Background

Depression and anxiety are common, often comorbid, conditions, and Internet support groups for them are well used. However, little rigorous research has been conducted on the outcome of these groups.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of an Internet support group in reducing depression and anxiety, and increasing social support and life satisfaction.

Methods

A randomized trial compared direction to an existing Internet support group for depression and anxiety with an online expressive writing condition. A total of 863 (628 female) United Kingdom, United States, and Canadian volunteers were recruited via the Internet. Online, self-report measures of depression, anxiety, social support, and satisfaction with life were administered at baseline, 3, and 6 months.

Results

All four outcomes – depression, anxiety, social support, and satisfaction with life – improved over the 6 months of the study (all P<.001). There was no difference in outcome between the two conditions: participants responded similarly to the expressive writing and the Internet support group. Engagement with the Internet support group was low, it had high 6-month attrition (692/795, 87%) and low adherence, and it received mixed and often negative feedback. The main problems reported were a lack of comfort and connection with others, negative social comparisons, and the potential for receiving bad advice. Expressive writing had lower attrition (194/295, 65%) and participants reported that it was more acceptable.

Conclusions

Until further evidence accumulates, directing people with depression and anxiety to Internet support groups cannot be recommended. On the other hand, online expressive writing seems to have potential, and its use for people with depression and anxiety warrants further investigation.

Trial Registration

Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01149265; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01149265 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6hYISlNFT)
George Orwell’s Ethnographies of Experience
Authors: Amundsen Michael
Published: May 2016

George Orwell is most widely known as the teller of dystopian tales
of oppression. A closer look at his oeuvre reveals a courageous truth
seeker who frequently lived and worked with his literary subjects. In
his fieldwork he used the methods of classic ethnography including
participant observation, semi-structured interviews and field notes.
This article argues that Orwell was an ethnographer in his research
methods and that both Down and Out in Paris and London and The Road
to Wigan Pier are ethnographic texts with valuable insights into marginal
groups in the early to mid-twentieth century in Europe. The
writer’s clear-sighted and humane depiction of ‘otherness’ shows his
skill as an ethnographer. His personal investment with his subject
matter, reflexivity and attention to broader social and political phenomena
in his narratives mark Orwell as an autoethnographer.
CuSCN-Mediated Homocoupling of Terminal Alkynes to 1,3-Diynes Using 4-Nitrobenzenediazonium Tetrafluoroborate as Oxidant
Authors: Liu Haidong , Chen Bo , Cai Jin , Chen Junqing , Ji Min
Published: May 2016

Eleven 1,3-diynes have been prepared by a highly efficient base-catalysed homocoupling of terminal alkynes mediated by a novel combination of CuSCN/4-nitrobenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate.
Efficient Synthesis of 3-Substituted Indoles via a Base-Free Copper-Catalysed Three-Component Reaction in Water
Authors: Jiang Haojie , Wang Leilei , Xie Jianwei
Published: May 2016

The preparation of sixteen 3-substituted indoles in good to excellent yields under environmentally friendly conditions has been achieved via a three-component reaction in water of an indole, an aldehyde and malononitrile (or ethyl 2-cyanoacetate) catalysed by 5 mol% of 2-pyrrolecarbaldiminato-Cu(II).
Gender differences in marathon pacing and performance prediction
Authors: Hubble Calvin , Zhao Jinger
Published: May 2016

In this study, we demonstrate that men overestimate their marathon abilities compared to women and propose that this may result from men’s relative overconfidence as well as lead men to execute suboptimal race strategy relative to women. We present a novel dataset of marathoners’ predicted finish times from the 2013 Houston Marathon. Using the runners ex-ante predictions of their own marathon finish times, we show that men consistently overestimate their abilities relative to women. Further, we find that men slow more than women in the later stages of the race and find that less even pacing is correlated with worse marathon performance, results in-line with previous studies. Finally, we argue that this poor pacing is in part explained by men’s overconfidence.
Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant and CNS effect of the ethanolic extract of Butea monosperma roots
Authors: Arefin Shah Md Anisul , Islam Md Alimul , Rashid Syeda Tahmina Binte , Rayhan Md Abu , Hossen Md Monir , Alam Md Jahir , Shahriar Masum
Published: May 2016

The analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant and CNS activities of the ethanolic extract of Butea monosperma roots were examined. The extract produced no significant inhibition of abdominal constrictions caused by acetic acid. It showed significant inhibition of the earlyphase of formalin-induced pain, also reduced the weight of granuloma induced by a cotton pellet. Moreover, the extract caused a moderate inhibition of ear swelling in mice caused by croton oil. In pentobarbital induced sleeping time test the extract slightly reduced the onset and increased the duration of sleeping. Therefore, Butea monosperma showed analgesic, antiinflammatory, mild anticonvulsant activities as well as sedative effect on CNS.Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 4(1): 9-18, 2015 (June)
In vitro Regeneration of Grass Pea (Lathyrus sativus L.)
Authors: Saha P , Afrin M , Mohiuddin AKM , Shohael AM
Published: May 2016

In vitro regeneration protocol for grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) was optimized using different concentrations and combinations of growth regulators. Direct shoot regeneration obtained through shoot organogenesis from different explants of grass pea cultured on MS medium supplemented with Gamborg B5 vitamin containing 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), Thidiazuron (TDZ) and ?-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Highest percentage of shoots were obtained at 4.0 mg/l of BAP on nodal explants. Stunted multiple shoots were developed from nodal explants while 1.5 mg/l TDZ was used. About 56% of direct shoots were also obtained, while the combination of BAP (4.0 mg/l) and NAA (0.5 mg/l) were used. Regenerated plantlets were rooted most effectively (40%) in rooting medium containing half strength of MS basal medium containing 1.0 mg/l NAA. Well rooted plantlets were further successfully acclimatized to ambient humidity level and grown in controlled environment until hardening.Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 4(2): 1-8, 2015 (December)
Ethnomedicinal practice of Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Meirs ex Hook f. & Thoms. by the traditional medicine practitioners at Savar, Dhaka
Authors: Ahmed Fakhruddin Ali , Bristy Rokshana Sharmin , Tasnova Nusrat Jahan
Published: May 2016

Abstract not availableJahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 4(2): 47-51, 2015 (December)
In Hyperthermia Increased ERK and WNT Signaling Suppress Colorectal Cancer Cell Growth
Authors: Bordonaro Michael , Shirasawa Senji , Lazarova Darina
Published: May 2016

Although neoplastic cells exhibit relatively higher sensitivity to hyperthermia than normal cells, hyperthermia has had variable success as an anti-cancer therapy. This variable outcome might be due to the fact that cancer cells themselves have differential degrees of sensitivity to high temperature. We hypothesized that the varying sensitivity of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells to hyperthermia depends upon the differential induction of survival pathways. Screening of such pathways revealed that Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase (ERK) signaling is augmented by hyperthermia, and the extent of this modulation correlates with the mutation status of V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS). Through clonal growth assays, apoptotic analyses and transcription reporter assays of CRC cells that differ only in KRAS mutation status we established that mutant KRAS cells are more sensitive to hyperthermia, as they exhibit sustained ERK signaling hyperactivation and increased Wingless/Integrated (WNT)/beta-catenin signaling. We propose that whereas increased levels of WNT and ERK signaling and a positive feedback between the two pathways is a major obstacle in anti-cancer therapy today, under hyperthermia the hyperinduction of the pathways and their positive crosstalk contribute to CRC cell death. Ascertaining the causative association between types of mutations and hyperthermia sensitivity may allow for a mutation profile-guided application of hyperthermia as an anti-cancer therapy. Since KRAS and WNT signaling mutations are prevalent in CRC, our results suggest that hyperthermia-based therapy might benefit a significant number, but not all, CRC patients.
Geometric Model of Black Hole Quantum N-portrait, Extradimensions and Thermodynamics
Authors: Frassino Antonia , Köppel Sven , Nicolini Piero
Published: May 2016

Recently a short scale modified black hole metric, known as holographic metric, has been proposed in order to capture the self-complete character of gravity. In this paper we show that such a metric can reproduce some geometric features expected from the quantum N-portrait beyond the semi-classical limit. We show that for a generic N this corresponds to having an effective energy momentum tensor in Einstein equations or, equivalently, non-local terms in the gravity action. We also consider the higher dimensional extension of the metric and the case of an AdS cosmological term. We provide a detailed thermodynamic analysis of both cases, with particular reference to the repercussions on the Hawking-Page phase transition.
Selection of Entropy Based Features for Automatic Analysis of Essential Tremor
Authors: López-de-Ipiña Karmele , Solé-Casals Jordi , Faundez-Zanuy Marcos , Calvo Pilar , Sesa Enric , Martinez de Lizarduy Unai , De La Riva Patricia , Marti-Masso Jose , Beitia Blanca , Bergareche Alberto
Published: May 2016

Biomedical systems produce biosignals that arise from interaction mechanisms. In a general form, those mechanisms occur across multiple scales, both spatial and temporal, and contain linear and non-linear information. In this framework, entropy measures are good candidates in order provide useful evidence about disorder in the system, lack of information in time-series and/or irregularity of the signals. The most common movement disorder is essential tremor (ET), which occurs 20 times more than Parkinson’s disease. Interestingly, about 50%–70% of the cases of ET have a genetic origin. One of the most used standard tests for clinical diagnosis of ET is Archimedes’ spiral drawing. This work focuses on the selection of non-linear biomarkers from such drawings and handwriting, and it is part of a wider cross study on the diagnosis of essential tremor, where our piece of research presents the selection of entropy features for early ET diagnosis. Classic entropy features are compared with features based on permutation entropy. Automatic analysis system settled on several Machine Learning paradigms is performed, while automatic features selection is implemented by means of ANOVA (analysis of variance) test. The obtained results for early detection are promising and appear applicable to real environments.
Charged, Rotating Black Objects in Einstein–Maxwell-Dilaton Theory in D ≥ 5
Authors: Kleihaus Burkhard , Kunz Jutta , Radu Eugen
Published: May 2016

We show that the general framework proposed by Kleihaus et al. (2015) for the study of asymptotically flat vacuum black objects with k + 1 equal magnitude angular momenta in D ≥ 5 spacetime dimensions (with 0 ≤ k ≤ D - 5 2 ) can be extended to the case of Einstein–Maxwell-dilaton (EMd) theory. This framework can describe black holes with spherical horizon topology, the simplest solutions corresponding to a class of electrically charged (dilatonic) Myers–Perry black holes. Balanced charged black objects with S n + 1 × S 2 k + 1 horizon topology can also be studied (with D = 2 k + n + 4 ). Black rings correspond to the case k = 0 , while the solutions with k > 0 are black ringoids. The basic properties of EMd solutions are discussed for the special case of a Kaluza–Klein value of the dilaton coupling constant. We argue that all features of these solutions can be derived from those of the vacuum seed configurations.