bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Practitioner Perspectives on Key Challenges in Pharmaceutical Marketing and Future Research Opportunities
Authors: Morgan Carter , Zane Daniel M.
Published: June 2022

This article offers marketing and public policy researchers and professionals a peek into pharmaceutical marketing from the practitioner's perspective. Through an interview process with eight active pharmaceutical marketing managers and medical doctors, the authors highlight some of the most pressing challenges facing pharmaceutical marketing practitioners today. They identify three key themes: (1) the need to overcome strongly rooted negative patient perceptions of the pharmaceutical industry, (2) the need to communicate overwhelming amounts of complicated information to patients and physicians, and (3) the need to break away from a stale promotional model. The authors briefly summarize the practitioners’ views on each topic, highlight relevant findings from marketing and public policy literatures, and offer avenues for future research to help address these challenges.
Staring Spells: How to Distinguish Epileptic Seizures from Nonepileptic Staring
Authors: Kim Seunghyo , Degrauw Ton , Berg Anne T. , Koh Sookyong
Published: June 2022

Objective

To determine the nature of staring spells and factors distinguishing epileptic from nonepileptic staring spells, we studied the clinical and demographic features of children with staring spells referred to a regional new-onset seizure clinic.

Study design

Our retrospective chart review encompassed 2818 consecutive patients evaluated in the new-onset seizure clinic between September 22, 2015, and March 19, 2018. We identified 121 patients with newly presenting staring spells.

Results

Sixty-two of 121 (51%) children were diagnosed with nonepileptic staring spells and 59 (49%) with epileptic seizures (24 with absence epilepsy, 35 with focal epilepsy). Patients with nonepileptic staring spells were younger (4.8 vs 7.1 years, P = .001) and more likely to have developmental delay ( P = .005) than the seizure group. There was an 8.9-month delay on average from the onset of staring spells to the new-onset seizure clinic visit. The emergency department was a referral source for 80% (28/35) of focal seizures. In children with focal seizures, the staring spells typically lasted >1minute (29/35, 83%), whereas only 19 of 62 (31%) of children with nonepileptic staring spells had events lasting this long ( P = .04). All children had a routine electroencephalography (EEG) on the day of new-onset seizure clinic visit. EEG was diagnostic in 100% (24/24) of absence seizures and 51% (18/35) of focal seizures.

Conclusions

In children presenting with staring spells, the differential diagnosis of epileptic staring spells vs nonepileptic staring spells can be made by history and routine EEG. Staring was as likely to be epileptic as nonepileptic spells. Younger children with developmental delay were more likely to have nonepileptic events. Our simple approach based on event duration, postictal symptoms, and EEG allowed identification of epileptic staring on first visit to new-onset seizure clinic but requires validation in future prospective studies including long-term video EEG monitoring and follow-up.
Against Climate Haussmannization: Transformation Through and In Urban Design
Authors: Lamb Zachary , Khirfan Luna
Published: June 2022

Urban design is an essential component of planning for climate transformation. However, the concept of transformation in urban design is complicated by the problematic legacy of design-led mega-projects. Such projects, often called Haussmannization, are criticized as inattentive to existing landscape, built, and social environments. While corrective movements have partially addressed criticisms of Haussmannization, they can also hinder justice-centered climate transformation, by empowering already powerful interests to defend status quo conditions or justifying inequity-deepening interventions in the name of climate action, a phenomenon we label climate Haussmannization. We present a schema connecting transformative urban design with procedural, distributive, and recognitional justice.
Non-Contributory Pensions, Functional Limitations, and Unpaid Family Care for Older Adults in Mexico
Authors: López-Ortega Mariana , Aguila Emma
Published: June 2022

Objectives: We explore the effects of non-contributory pensions on functional limitations and receipt of unpaid family care by gender and frequency of pension payment. Methods: We employ a difference-in-differences estimator to identify the causal effects of non-contributory pension programs disbursed monthly or every two months for adults 70 years and older in the state of Yucatan, Mexico. Results:The monthly payment program led to lower difficulties in functional limitations and less receipt of help from family or relatives for older men and women as compared to the bimonthly program. We found a larger decline on receipt of family care for older women than for men. Discussion:Our results suggest that more frequent pension payments may have greater health benefits for recipients. They also highlight the need for greater understanding of policies that prevent or delay functional limitations and that could indirectly alleviate unpaid caregiver burden.
Determinants of the need for postgraduate training
Authors: Quintero-Sepúlveda Isabel Cristina , Ospina-Nieto Yovanny , Cubillos-González Rolando-Arturo
Published: June 2022

This paper establishes the determinants of professionals’ postgraduate training needs. A quantitative survey of a sample of 492 professionals from Valle del Cauca, Colombia was conducted. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling to verify the research hypotheses. The results show that the factors affecting the need for postgraduate training are individuals’ perceptions about their level of skill development and about the benefits of professional development. The findings suggest that career advancement is the most valued outcome of postgraduate training. Fieldwork was conducted with a sample of professionals located in the Valle del Cauca in Colombia, so it is important to continue validating the hypotheses in other regions to enable a comparison of results from different contexts. The study contributes to an understanding of the relationship between the variables and the explanation of the determinants of professionals’ perceptions of the need for postgraduate training. It also provides elements for decision-making in the strategic design of postgraduate training offerings. Considering the scarcity of research on the variables that determine the need for postgraduate training, this study provides one of the first theoretical and empirical validations of a perceptual measurement scale of professional training needs in Latin America.
Study on material removal and cutting analysis in ball helical milling process
Authors: Wang Haiyan , Tao Kexin
Published: June 2022

In the ball helical milling (BHM), when the ball end mill follows an orbital path around the center of the hole, it plunges into the workpiece material with a helical motion, and the movement of the tool is relatively complex. In order to deeply understand the material removal and cutting characteristics in the BHM process, kinematics of BHM technology is introduced first, then material removal is analyzed according to the shape and relative position relationship between the tool and the workpiece at different typical moments, material removal behavior is discussed through the cross-sectional area, and the cross-section features of the workpiece material. In addition, the change of cutting forces is analyzed through microelement force, and then entry and exit zones are discussed in detail. BHM experiments of titanium alloy were carried out; cutting forces were measured; and burrs around the hole and surface roughness of the hole are analyzed. The results show that the ball end mill can remove materials uniformly in the helical milling with stable cutting forces and high hole-making quality.
Analysis of dynamic characteristics of ceramic spindle considering the thermal magnetic coupling effect
Authors: Wang Zinan , Zhang Ke , Bai Xiaotian , Liu Aoxiang , Wei Chao
Published: June 2022

The ceramic spindle rotor system is widely used in CNC machine tools. However, the dynamic characteristics are influenced by the magnetic forces and thermal deformation, which leads to the reduction of running accuracy. In this paper, the thermal deformation of the rotor system are calculated, and the magnetic field distribution is obtained based on the Maxwell theory. The thermal magnetic coupling effect is then analyzed to investigate the interaction between thermal deformation and magnetic force, and the impact of thermal magnetic coupling effect on the dynamic characteristics is obtained. Experiments are conducted to verify the simulation results, and the dynamic characteristics with and without consideration of thermal magnetic coupling effect are compared. Results show that the thermal deformation and magnetic force have nonlinear increases with speed, and the model considering the thermal magnetic coupling effect has a higher accuracy with the error decreased by 4%. The air gap is a key factor that determines the dynamic characteristics of the ceramic spindle rotor system, and a larger air gap can help lower the vibration at high speed. This study provides a theoretical basis for the structural design of ceramic spindle rotor system.
Genetic algorithm-based search heuristic for turbine balancing problem
Authors: Taraghi Osguei Amin , Khamoushi Iman
Published: June 2022

Turbine balancing problem (TBP) can be defined as arranging blades of each stage of turbine engines in such a way that provides a minimum residual unbalance to eliminate the undesired vibration. This problem is regarded as an NP-hard problem and no exact solution has been found for such problems up to now. In each stage of the turbine, an optimal arrangement of blades around a disk by considering the difference in weight of blades to achieve a minimum residual unbalance is essential for preventing the early failure of turbine engines. In this article, a genetic algorithm (GA) has been proposed and applied to TBP for defining an optimal blade arrangement of a turbine stage. This algorithm proposes a suitable choice for operators of GA, based on permutation representation. By eliminating the shortcomings of previous researchers’ attempts with a simple form of GA, our proposed GA is capable of attaining an optimal arrangement of blades with reasonable computational efforts. Moreover, suitable values for parameters of GA including population size, crossover, and mutation rates of the proposed GA have been determined using practical sets of blades belonging to a Siemens gas turbine engine. The proposed GA with tuned parameters has been successfully employed for a variety of TBPs, and obtained results show a good convergence to an optimal value of residual unbalance with reasonable computational efforts.
Image-based 3D reconstruction for rail profile measurement
Authors: Zhang Dongyu , Lingamanaik Siva N , Chung Hoam
Published: June 2022

The routine inspection of railheads for defects such as wear and surface cracks is a tedious process, which, if not detected, can alter the wheel-rail contact interaction leading to catastrophic events. This study investigates and implements a railhead measurement method using image-based three-dimensional reconstruction, which enables rapid scanning of railheads and production of detail cross-sectional measurements for rail-wheel interface analysis. A complete workflow with a methodology for reconstructing railheads from images and extracting cross-sectional measurements from the reconstructed model is presented. In order to validate the proposed method in the field, a mobile automated system was equipped with an array of cameras specifically spaced to cover the areas of interest on the railhead. The system can automatically transverse along the railhead, acquiring images synchronously. Two case studies in the laboratory environment and the real railway site have been performed to evaluate the performance and accuracy against industry practices. The results show that the proposed method can accurately measure the railhead cross-sectional profile at an root mean square error (RMSE) less than 0.3 mm compared with MiniProf. Furthermore, continuous cross-sectional data and intuitive color information are provided by our method which can help inspectors to locate defects easily and more efficiently.
The gendered semiotics of far-right populism on Instagram: A case from Spain
Authors: Divita David
Published: June 2022

Perhaps more than any other online social-networking platform, Instagram facilitates the construction and management of public image, serving as a potentially effective tool for political actors; nevertheless, it remains relatively understudied among digital communication strategies. In this article, I investigate the platform’s use by far-right populist politicians, turning to Santiago Abascal of Spain as a case study. Performing detailed analysis on a corpus of Abascal’s most popular posts determined by their “engagement rate,” I expose the gendered mode of self-presentation that resonates with Abascal’s public. In the second part of the article, I consider an equivalent corpus from President Pedro Sánchez, one of Abascal’s main political rivals at the time of writing. This comparative juxtaposition illustrates stark differences in approaches to social media and underscores how effective particular performances of masculinity can be for populist politicians. Ultimately, I aim to shed insight on the specific ways that Instagram serves far-right political projects, both in Spain and beyond.
Lipid emulsion attenuates propranolol-induced early apoptosis in rat cardiomyoblasts
Authors: Ok Seong-Ho , Ahn Seung Hyun , Lee Soo Hee , Kim Hyun-Jin , Sim Gyujin , Park Jin Kyeong , Sohn Ju-Tae
Published: June 2022

Objective

Propranolol is used to treat several cardiovascular diseases; however, toxic doses of propranolol cause severe myocardial depression and cardiac arrest. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of lipid emulsion (LE) on cardiotoxicity induced by toxic doses of propranolol in H9C2 rat cardiomyoblast cell line and to elucidate the underlying mechanism.

Methods

The experimental groups comprised control, propranolol alone, esmolol alone, or LE followed by propranolol or esmolol treatment, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitor N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) followed by propranolol treatment. The effects of propranolol, esmolol, NAC, and LE, alone or in combination, on cell viability, apoptosis, and ROS production were examined. Additionally, we investigated the effect of LE on propranolol concentration.

Results

LE and NAC reversed the inhibition of cell viability induced by propranolol ( p < .001). However, LE had no effect on the inhibition of cell viability caused by esmolol. The LE inhibited propranolol-induced expressions of cleaved caspase-3 ( p < .001), caspase-9 ( p < .001), and Bax ( p < .01), but not caspase-8. NAC inhibited the propranolol-induced expression of cleaved caspase-3. LE inhibited propranolol-induced early apoptosis, but had no effect on late apoptosis. Additionally, LE inhibited the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling-positive cells generated by propranolol. It attenuated propranolol-induced ROS production. However, it had no effect on propranolol concentration.

Conclusion

LE inhibits early apoptosis caused by a toxic dose of propranolol by suppressing the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, via direct inhibition of ROS production.
The challenges in diagnosing pediatric primary antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Demir Selcan , Keskin Armağan , Sağ Erdal , Kaya Akca Ümmüşen , Atalay Erdal , Cüceoğlu Müşerref Kasap , Batu Akal Ezgi Deniz , Özen Seza , Bilginer Yelda
Published: June 2022

Pediatric primary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a very rare disease with significant distinctions from the APS in adults. Herein, we present our experience in the diagnosis and treatment of six pediatric primary APS patients, who met the updated Sapporo criteria for the APS diagnosis. One of them was also diagnosed as having probable catastrophic APS (CAPS) due to the involvement of three different organ systems simultaneously. Besides vascular involvement, four patients had thrombocytopenia, one had psychiatric disorder, and one had chorea and valvular heart disease. All patients received immunosuppressive treatment along with long-term anticoagulation therapy. Specific neurologic and hematologic manifestations that are not part of the classification criteria can be seen in children with primary APS. Therefore, using the adult criteria for diagnosing pediatric APS may result in missed or delayed diagnoses in children.
Telocytes in Fibrosis Diseases: From Current Findings to Future Clinical Perspectives
Authors: Wei Xiao-jiao , Chen Tian-quan , Yang Xiao-jun
Published: June 2022

Telocytes (TCs), a distinct type of interstitial (stromal) cells, have been discovered in many organs of human and mammal animals. TCs, which have unique morphological characteristics and abundant paracrine substance, construct a three-dimensional (3D) interstitial network within the stromal compartment by homocellular and heterocellular communications which are important for tissue homeostasis and normal development. Fibrosis-related diseases remain a common but challenging problem in the field of medicine with unclear pathogenesis and limited therapeutic options. Recently, increasing evidences suggest that where TCs are morphologically or numerically destructed, many diseases continuously develop, finally lead to irreversible interstitial fibrosis. It is not difficult to find that TCs are associated with chronic inflammation and fibrosis. This review mainly discusses relationship between TCs and the occurrence of fibrosis in various diseases. We analyzed in detail the potential roles and speculated mechanisms of TCs in onset and progression of systemic fibrosis diseases, as well as providing the most up-to-date research on the current therapeutic roles of TCs and involved related pathways. Only through continuous research and exploration in the future can we uncover its magic veil and provide strategies for treatment of fibrosis-related disease.
How Does Efficient Working Capital Management Impact a Firm’s Fundamentals? Evidence from India
Authors: Kumar Kamlesh , Sivasankaran N. , Chakrabarti Prasenjit , Kanagaraj A. , Ramachandran Giridhar
Published: June 2022

This article aims to empirically examine the influence of working capital management (WCM) efficiency on the fundamentals of Indian listed firms. The fixed-effects logit regression model is employed to explore the impact of WCM efficiency on the fundamental strength of the sample firms. The fixed-effects regression model is used to investigate the influence of WCM efficiency on the select individual fundamental measures. We have extracted data from 538 Indian listed firms from the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) database from 2012 to 2020. We find that WCM efficiency positively influences the fundamental strength of the sample firms. We have also validated our results with respect to individual fundamental measures. We observe that an efficient WCM enhances the overall profitability, operational effectiveness, asset utilization efficiency and the ability to generate cash from operations, while inefficient management of working capital (WC) pushes firms towards a more long-term debt financing in the Indian context.
Impact of Social Media on Student’s Academic Performance: A Study on Indian Education System
Authors: Sharma Sourabh , Behl Ramesh
Published: June 2022

This research article is identifying the impact of online and social media platforms on student’s academic performance in Indian education system. While measuring the impact of online and social media platforms on academic performance, the personality trait of an individual learner and education levels have been considered as the moderating variables. For this research, analysis is restricted to measuring the impact for extraversion and introversion personalities only. Using ANOVA, the data were analysed to identify the influencing factors of social media impacting academic performance and how personality traits contribute to the overall academic performance of students at different education levels.
Birth Doula Care in California During COVID-19: The Impacts of Social Distancing on a High-Touch Helping Profession
Authors: Lisenbee Jodie , Gil-Rivas Virginia , Webb Jennifer B. , Dahl Alicia A. , Quinlan Margaret M.
Published: June 2022

Birth doulas were deemed “non-essential” personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic and were generally excluded from attending hospital births in person. This study documents the impacts of pandemic-related contextual factors on birth doula care in the San Francisco Bay Area, examines how doulas adapted their services, and explores implications for policy and practice. We employed a contextually bound qualitative case study methodology driven by social action theory and conducted interviews with 15 birth doulas. The pandemic disrupted physical settings, the social environment, communication modalities, contractual arrangements, and organizational level factors. The historical context also amplified awareness of institutionalized racism in birth settings and highlighted birth doulas’ advocacy role. Striking deficits exist in birth doulas’ integration into US healthcare systems; this made their services uniquely vulnerable to the pandemic circumstances. Birth doulas’ value ought to be more formally recognized within health policy, health insurance, and hospital systems as complementary care to that provided by medical providers to improve access to high-quality perinatal care.
Preoperative Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Predictor of Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Browne Robert , McAnena Peter , O’Halloran Niamh , Moloney Brian M , Crilly Emily , Kerin Michael J , Lowery Aoife J
Published: June 2022

Introduction:

The ability to accurately predict pathologic complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer would improve patient selection for specific treatment strategies, would provide important information for patients to aid in the treatment selection process, and could potentially avoid the need for more extensive surgery. The diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in predicting pCR has previously been studied, with mixed results. Magnetic resonance imaging performance may also be influenced by tumour and patient factors.

Methods:

Eighty-seven breast cancer patients who underwent NAC were studied. Pre-NAC and post-NAC MRI findings were compared with pathologic findings postsurgical excision. The impact of patient and tumour characteristics on MRI accuracy was evaluated.

Results:

The mean (SD) age of participants was 48.7 (10.3) years. The rate of pCR based on post-NAC MRI was 19.5% overall (19/87). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value, and accuracy in predicting pCR were 52.9%, 77.1%, 36.0%, 87.1%, and 72.4%, respectively. Positive predictive value was the highest in nonluminal versus Luminal A disease (45.0% vs 25.0%, P < .001), with higher rates of false positivity in nonluminal subtypes ( P = .002). Tumour grade, T category, and histological subtype were all independent predictors of MRI accuracy regarding post-NAC tumour size.

Conclusion:

Magnetic resonance imaging alone is insufficient to accurately predict pCR in breast cancer patients post-NAC. Magnetic resonance imaging predictions of pCR are more accurate in nonluminal subtypes. Tumour grade, T category, and histological subtype should be considered when evaluating post-NAC tumour sizes.
Chronic Uptake of A Probiotic Nutritional Supplement (AB001) Inhibits Absorption of Ethylalcohol in the Intestine Tract – Results from a Randomized Double-blind Crossover Study
Authors: Pfützner Andreas , Hanna Mina , Andor Yuriko , Sachsenheimer Daniela , Demircik Filiz , Wittig Tobias , de Faire Johan
Published: June 2022

Background:

Regular alcohol consumption, e.g. by social drinking, is a potential source of consecutive health problems in many countries worldwide. A probiotic nutritional supplement (AB001) has been developed to reduce alcohol absorption from the intestine tract and to mitigate potential health care risks.

Methods:

This randomized placebo-controlled double-blind crossover study was conducted with 24 healthy subjects (13 male, 11 female, age: 25.4 ± 7.7 years, BMI: 23.6 ± 2.5 kg/m²). The subjects were randomized to take 2 capsules/day of AB001 or placebo for 1 week prior to an alcohol exposure experiment. On the experimental day, they ingested a light breakfast and drank a moderate glass of spirit (0.3 g/kg body weight). Breath alcohol tests and blood draws for determination of blood alcohol levels were performed for up to 6 hours. After crossover, the experiment was repeated in the following week. Areas under the curves were calculated to determine alcohol absorption rates.

Results:

A significant reduction of blood alcohol levels by 70.3% ( P < 0.005 vs. placebo) was seen with AB001, (breath test: −30.7%; P < 0.005 vs. placebo). No difference was seen in a cognitive function test performed 60 minutes after alcohol ingestion (22.4 ± 7.7 seconds vs. 22.7 ± 5.6 seconds, n.s.). There were no adverse events or serious adverse events reported in this study

Conclusions:

One week of supplementation with AB001 resulted in a substantially reduced absorption of alcohol into the body. Regular uptake of AB001 may help to prevent liver and other organ damage, and may reduce the negative medical and economical impact of social drinking on the individual and the society.
Combination of Palliative Thoracic Radiotherapy With Bevacizumab for Stage IV Nonsquamous NSCLC: Is There Any Impact of Time Interval on Survival?
Authors: Xiu Weigang , Guo Xiaotong , Yu Min , Li Yanying , Xu Yong , Zhu Jiang , Luo Jingjing
Published: June 2022

Background:

The time interval between palliative thoracic radiotherapy and bevacizumab treatment strongly influences the frequency of adverse events (AEs) when both are concurrently applied to patients with advanced lung cancer. Herein, we aimed to elucidate the optimal time interval between the treatments in these patients.

Methods:

The medical records of patients with stage IV nonsquamous non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without epidermal growth factor receptor and anaplastic lymphoma kinase alteration who underwent palliative thoracic radiotherapy and bevacizumab treatment from January 2008 to January 2020 were collected and analyzed. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on the time interval between treatments: <3 weeks (⩽3W group) and >3 weeks (>3W group). The progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for the time intervals were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard models. Adverse events were assessed by the fifth version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events.

Results:

In total, 72 patients with stage IV NSCLC (⩽3W group, 37 patients; >3W group, 35 patients) who concurrently or sequentially received palliative thoracic radiotherapy and bevacizumab treatment were included in this study. In the >3W and ⩽3W groups, the median PFS (8 vs 6 months, respectively) and OS (15 vs 12 months, respectively) differed significantly. Multivariate analyses findings revealed significantly shorter OS in the latter group. In addition, the frequency of most AEs was marginally higher in the latter group ( P > .05).

Conclusions:

The time interval between palliative thoracic radiotherapy and bevacizumab treatment that offers optimal safety is >3 weeks.
Incidence of parastomal and incisional hernia following emergency surgery for Hinchey III-IV diverticulitis: A systematic review
Authors: Mäkäräinen Elisa , Rautio Tero , Rintala Jukka , Muysoms Filip , Kauppila Joonas H.
Published: June 2022

Purpose:

The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the risk of parastomal (PSH) and incisional hernias (IH) after emergency surgery for Hinchey III–IV diverticulitis, with comparison between the Hartmann procedure and other surgical techniques.

Methods:

The Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science and Scopus databases were systematically searched. The primary endpoint was parastomal hernia incidence. The secondary endpoint was incisional hernia incidence.

Results:

Five studies (four randomized controlled trials and one retrospective cohort) with a total of 699 patients were eligible for inclusion. The PSH rate was 15%–46% for Hartmann procedure, 0%–85% for primary anastomosis, 4% for resection, and 2% for laparoscopic lavage. The IH rates were 5%–38% for Hartmann procedure, 5%–27% for primary anastomosis, 9%–12% for primary resection, and 3%–11% for laparoscopic lavage.

Conclusions:

Both the parastomal and incisional hernia incidences are poorly evaluated and reported, and varied greatly between the studies.
‘If I’m not police, then who am I?’: About belonging and identity in the police
Authors: Filstad Cathrine
Published: June 2022

This article investigates senses of belonging and the interrelation between belonging and identity in policing. We use Snap Log images and text of police leaders’ own interpretations of belonging at work. Belonging is relational, cultural, material and embedded in collective engagement, and is about being equals where everyone contributes. Engagement creates a strong emotional attachment to an idea of ‘us’ and of being part of something bigger than oneself. Belonging represents imaginations of the police mission and being proud to be part of that. It is about the ‘here and now’ and about taking care of each other when things are tough. The link between belonging and identifying with policing is further amplified through materiality and symbols, as commonly used in police leaders’ images. The sense of belonging to the police when wearing the same uniform and using the same artefacts and symbols becomes important for a person’s identity as a police officer.
What to measure and report in studies of discomfort from glare for pedestrian applications
Authors: Abboushi B , Miller NJ
Published: June 2022

In outdoor environments after dark, pedestrians may experience discomfort from glare caused by lighting. Several models to predict discomfort from glare have been proposed or extended for pedestrian applications; these models use different luminous and geometrical quantities to predict discomfort. Consistent measurements and reporting in studies of discomfort from glare are important for identifying best performing models; however, previous studies proposing a new model tended to only report the performance of the new model and its quantities. This practice makes it difficult to evaluate how a new model performs compared to other existing models. To promote more consistent and complete reporting, this research note proposes measuring and reporting all relevant quantities that are used in existing models. This can make it easier for researchers to use a study dataset to compare the performance of several models or to combine datasets from several studies to address between-study variance.
Weight Stigma Responses: Patient Perceptions and Experiences of Interactions With Healthcare Professionals Across Healthcare Settings–A Qualitative Evidence Synthesis Protocol
Authors: Ryan Leona , Coyne Rory , Heary Caroline , Birney Susie , Crotty Michael , Dunne Rosie , Conlan Owen , Walsh Jane C
Published: June 2022

Background: Weight stigma is enacted by healthcare providers across healthcare settings where it has been consistently shown to contribute to poor physical health outcomes and the maintenance of obesity via physiological, cognitive, emotional and behavioural pathways. Despite key stakeholders identifying obesity as a disease, people with obesity continue to experience denigration and discrimination, particularly in healthcare settings. Qualitative studies which capture the experience of enacted weight stigma from the patient perspective can increase awareness of how stigma presents within patient-provider interactions and ultimately inspire change in healthcare provision. The current review aims to systematically search for and synthesise enacted weight stigma experienced in primary, secondary and tertiary healthcare settings, explicitly from the patient perspective. Methods: Electronic searches will be conducted in PubMed, Medline, PsycInfo, Cinahl, Embase and Scopus to locate relevant studies published in English from May 2011. Two reviewers will independently conduct title and abstract screening and full text screening, any disagreements will be resolved through discussion with a third reviewer. The methodological quality of the included studies will be appraised using the critical appraisal skills programme (CASP) check list. A thematic synthesis will be conducted by the lead author in collaboration with the review team. Confidence in the review findings will be assessed by the review team using GRADE CERQual. Discussion: It is anticipated that the findings of the review will facilitate a deep and broad understanding of the patient experience to inform best practice and future intervention design.
Rethinking Oceanic-Pacific Methods of Data Collection During COVID-19: Insights From the Field
Authors: Ofe-Grant Betty
Published: June 2022

COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted research regarding data collection methods during lockdowns and border closures. Consequently, online methods have become the present-day benchmark. This article shares our experiences adapting to COVID-19 while conducting focus groups and online interviews. Guided by the Samoan methodology Teu le va that recognises the special relationships between people from a Samoan context and the Talanoa method of storytelling of the Pacific people, we provide insights concerning the practical and cultural challenges of collecting data during lockdowns that strengthened the continuation and completion of the project. We demonstrate the importance of flexibility in the research design regarding apprehension, health, and research in New Zealand. We highlight the value of a multifaceted approach to recruiting participants, incorporating the services of Pacific leaders, and utilising telephone calls and letter writing for participants without digital access. Furthermore, we reveal an unexpected side-effect of COVID-19 regarding the ‘Pacific digital divide.’ The paper concludes with several avenues for future research on redesigning data collection methods during COVID-19.
Selection and calculation of 10 kinds of lime slurry box mixer
Authors: Gaolin Ren , Xuewei Zhang , Qiang Wei , Yongliang Wang , Chenhui Lei , Yihui Xu , Wenxin Ma
Published: June 2022

Through to the mixer of the selection of each component analysis and introduction, aiming at 10 in the desulfurization denitration common specifications of the limestone slurry tank, mixer technology selection on the optimization design, analyzes how to do in the desulfurization denitration limestone slurry tank mixer optimization selection, so as to achieve the optimal land use effect and the technological requirement. The operation performance of the mixer is directly related to the quality, energy consumption, and production cost of the product. The engineering and academic circles have attached great importance to the mixing, conducted a lot of research work, and achieved a lot of research results. But in fact, stirring process is often accompanied by reaction process, its complexity lies in its principle involves flow field, fluid mechanics, heat transfer, mass transfer, and chemical reaction and other processes. In addition to the complexity of the material flow in the mixing equipment, it is a very complex mixing state, mixing effect is difficult to quantify through the form and size of the mixer, so as to complete under a strict theoretical guidance. At present, the selection of mixer and the design of its internal components are largely dependent on experiment and practical engineering experience. The advantages and disadvantages of product design can make the benefit of mixing equipment is very different, so on the basis of clear limestone slurry material properties, for each element of mixing equipment, such as the shape of the impeller, impeller diameter, layout layer number, speed, mixing shaft size, baffle size, and number of one optimization. By making full use of the comparative analysis of existing achievements, the design and selection of 10 common specifications and models of limestone grout box are optimized, so that the design theory of mechanical mixer is more perfect, and it can also meet the requirements of practitioners in the daily desulfurization and denitration industry on the selection of limestone grout box mixer.
Chimney endovascular aortic repair is a viable salvage technique in a paravisceral pseudoaneurysm secondary to acute on chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Lovell Janaka , Lovelock Thomas , Slater Jacqueline , Thoo Catherine
Published: June 2022

Background

Pseudoaneurysms of the abdominal aorta secondary to pancreatitis are an extremely rare clinical entity, however, can result in life threatening complications.

Objective

To describe a chimney endovascular aneurysm repair (Ch-EVAR) for an acute pancreatitis related paravisceral aortic pseudoaneurym.

Method

Prospective data collected from subject.

Results

We present a case of 23-year-old female who underwent a successful salvage Ch-EVAR for a ruptured paravisceral pseudoaneurysm secondary to acute on chronic pancreatitis.

Conclusion

Ch-EVAR may present a viable temporizing or definitive therapeutic treatment option for a paravisceral pseudoaneurysm, particularly in the setting of acute pancreatitis. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the long term viability of Ch-EVAR grafts in the suprarenal, paravisceral aortic position.
Peripheral artery disease independently associated with significantly higher risk for COVID-19 mortality: Evidence based on adjusted effect estimates
Authors: Ren Jiahao , Hao Yuqing , Nan Lan , Wang Yadong , Yang Haiyan
Published: June 2022

Objective

To investigate the influence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) on the risk of mortality among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients based on adjusted effect estimates.

Methods

Systematic searches were performed through electronic databases. A random-effect model was applied to calculate the pooled effect and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Inconsistency index (I2) was used to evaluate the heterogeneity across studies. Sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis, and Begg’s test were all implemented.

Results

On the basis of 16 eligible studies with 142,832 COVID-19 patients, the meta-analysis showed that PAD significantly increased the risk for mortality among COVID-19 patients (pooled effect = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.10–1.51). The significant association was also observed in the subgroup analysis stratified by hospitalized patients, mean age ≥ 60 years, Europe and North America. Sensitivity analysis verified the robustness of our findings. Begg’s test ( P = 0.15) showed there was no potential publication bias.

Conclusions

COVID-19 patients with PAD may have a greater risk of mortality. Clinicians and nursing staff are supposed to identify and monitor these high-risk patients in a timely manner and provide appropriate clinical treatment for them.
The gaslighting of authentic leadership
Authors: Gardner William L , McCauley Kelly Davis
Published: June 2022

In a recent critique of authentic leadership theory, Einola and Alvesson (2021) assert that the theory “is not only wrong in a harmless way, but it may be outright perilous to leadership scholars, scholarship, and those who believe in it” (p. 483). They describe four “perils” of authentic leadership theory to support their arguments; in this response paper, we address each “peril”. Unfortunately, their criticism is based, in part, on misleading and inaccurate information about authentic leadership theory, which we identify and correct in this article. We contend that their arguments are at odds with the experiences of authentic leadership that both practitioners and scholars have personally encountered. In essence, through their critique, Einola and Alvesson are engaging in the practice of gaslighting, as they try to convince others to doubt their perceptions of and experiences with authentic leadership, along with the extensive empirical support that has accumulated. Further, Einola and Alvesson suggest that encouraging leaders to strive to be authentic by enhancing their self-awareness, processing positive and negative self-relevant information in a balanced fashion, establishing open and transparent relationships with followers, and living by their core values, is dangerous. We ask readers to consider the merits of their criticism, as well as our alternative, more positive perspective of authentic leadership theory. We suspect that, for many, such introspection will yield a realization that Einola and Alvesson are gaslighting them into questioning their own reality about what it means to lead with authenticity.
Combining refutations and social norms increases belief change
Authors: Ecker Ullrich KH , Sanderson Jasmyne A , McIlhiney Paul , Rowsell Jessica J , Quekett Hayley L , Brown Gordon DA , Lewandowsky Stephan
Published: June 2022

Misinformed beliefs are difficult to change. Refutations that target false claims typically reduce false beliefs, but tend to be only partially effective. In this study, a social norming approach was explored to test whether provision of peer norms could provide an alternative or complementary approach to refutation. Three experiments investigated whether a descriptive norm—by itself or in combination with a refutation—could reduce the endorsement of worldview-congruent claims. Experiment 1 found that using a single-point estimate to communicate a norm affected belief but had less impact than a refutation. Experiment 2 used a verbally presented distribution of four values to communicate a norm, which was largely ineffective. Experiment 3 used a graphically presented social norm with 25 values, which was found to be as effective at reducing claim belief as a refutation, with the combination of both interventions being most impactful. These results provide a proof of concept that normative information can aid in the debunking of false or equivocal claims, and suggests that theories of misinformation processing should take social factors into account.
Cost-effectiveness of testing for CYP2C19 loss-of-function carriers following transient ischemic attack/minor stroke: A Canadian perspective
Authors: Micieli Andrew , Singh Nishita , Jahn Beate , Siebert Uwe , Menon Bijoy K , Demchuk Andrew M
Published: June 2022

Background:

The CHANCE-2 study compared 3 weeks of aspirin–ticagrelor to aspirin–clopidogrel in CYP2C19 loss-of-function (LOF) allele carriers following a transient ischemic attack (TIA)/minor stroke and demonstrated a modestly lower risk of stroke recurrence with aspirin–ticagrelor. This stroke protection was largely for minor stroke and came at an increased risk of bleeding. The cost-effectiveness of implementing testing for LOF allele status to personalize antiplatelet regimen for secondary stroke prevention after a TIA/minor stroke in the Canadian health care context is unknown.

Methods:

Cost-effectiveness analysis using a decision-analytic Markov cohort model with a lifetime horizon was performed to determine the costs and health benefits of testing for LOF allele status compared with no testing (current standard of care). The population of interest was patients living in Canada who suffered a TIA/minor stroke. Outcomes of interest were life-years gained (LYG), quality-adjusted life years (QALY) gained, costs (reported in 2022 Canadian dollars), and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). We adopted the perspective of the Federal, Provincial, and Territorial Ministries of Health and used a 1.5% annual discount rate. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess uncertainty.

Results:

Compared to standard of care, LOF allele testing leads to 0.14 LYG (undiscounted), 0.12 QALYs gained (undiscounted), and additional lifetime costs of CAD$432 (discounted) per patient. The ICER of the LOF allele testing strategy is CAD$4310 per QALY gained compared with standard of care. The probabilistic sensitivity analyses demonstrated that LOF allele testing was cost-effective in more than 99.99% of simulations using a willingness-to-pay threshold of CAD$50,000 per QALY.

Conclusion:

Based on available evidence, testing for LOF allele followed by short duration 3 weeks of aspirin–ticagrelor compared to standard-of-care aspirin–clopidogrel can lead to prolonged life and improved quality of life and can be considered very cost-effective when compared with other well-accepted technologies in health and medicine.
Ovarian cancer in primary care
Authors: Maxwell Susanne Sarah , Yan Xiangfei , May James , Weller David
Published: June 2022

Ovarian cancer continues to be the leading cause of gynaecological cancer death in the UK. It has previously been described as the ‘silent killer’, as symptoms are typically absent or non-specific early in the disease leading to a later stage at diagnosis where fewer treatment options are available. Stage at presentation influences patient survival, and therefore, early detection within primary care is vital. Currently, there is no screening programme for ovarian cancer, and so diagnosis relies on investigation of symptomatic women presenting to healthcare professionals and an awareness of vague symptoms that could indicate ovarian cancer pathology. This article aims to provide an overview of ovarian cancer, including epidemiology, risk factors, signs and symptoms, and diagnosis within primary care. We will also briefly discuss current treatment strategies for ovarian cancer.
Thermoacoustic stabilization of combustors with gradient-augmented Bayesian optimization and adjoint models
Authors: Sengupta Ushnish , Juniper Matthew P.
Published: June 2022

Bayesian optimization (BO) is a global optimization algorithm well-suited for multimodal functions that are costly to evaluate, e.g. quantities derived from computationally expensive simulations. Recent advances have made it possible to scale BO to high-dimensional functions and accelerate its convergence by incorporating derivative information. These developments have laid the groundwork for a productive interplay between BO and adjoint solvers, a tool to cheaply obtain gradients of objective functions w.r.t. tunable parameters in a simulated physical system. In thermoacoustics, adjoint-based optimization has previously been applied to Helmholtz solvers and low-order network models to find optimally stable combustor configurations. These studies have used conjugate gradient or quasi-Newton optimizers which can get stuck in local optima and may require many evaluations of the underlying model to find a good optimum. In this paper, we propose using gradient-augmented BO to optimize adjoint models. We consider two test cases from the thermoacoustics literature: optimizing design parameters in a 1D adjoint Helmholtz model of a Rijke tube and geometry optimization in a low-order network model of a longitudinal combustor. We show that compared to BFGS, a standard quasi-Newton method, our gradient-enhanced BO arrives at multiple, more optimal configurations using considerably fewer evaluations of the solver. This approach holds great promise for efficient thermoacoustic stabilization when designing using expensive 3D adjoint Helmholtz solvers.