bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ion Mobility Spectrometry Towards Environmental Volatile Organic Compounds Identification and Quantification: a Comparative Overview over Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Moura Pedro Catalão , Vassilenko Valentina , Ribeiro Paulo António
Published: January 2023

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can be extremely toxic and hazardous to expose humans in both indoor and outdoor environments; thus, their detection, correct identification, and accurate quantification are relevant and demanding tasks that need to be addressed. Fortunately, several known analytical techniques allow the qualitative and quantitative assessment of these compounds. This review paper stresses on two independent spectroscopic techniques, infrared spectroscopy and ion mobility spectrometry, both suitable for the detection of very small concentration levels of VOCs in gaseous samples. Infrared spectroscopy is a well-known technique that has been largely applied per se or combined with additional methodologies, to study VOCs at both high and low concentration levels. On the other hand, ion mobility spectrometry gained relevance in this field, due to its capability to measure trace concentration levels, namely ppbv and even pptv. For this review paper, several scientific papers were analyzed, and the most relevant were addressed throughout the text. The working principles of both techniques are carefully addressed, and updated data is provided for highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of both techniques for the environmental VOCs assessment in air quality control.
Soil drenching and foliar spray with bioagents for reducing wheat leaf diseases under natural field conditions
Authors: Abdel-Kader Mokhtar Mohamed , El-Mougy Nehal Samy , Khalil Mohamed Saied Ali , El-Gamal Nadia Gamel , Attia Magdy
Published: January 2023

Foliar diseases, like powdery mildew, septoria leaf blotch (SLB) and stem rust, affect wheat plants causing severe yield losses. Biofertilizers Pseudomonas fluorescens Migula (NRC2041) and Bacillus subtilis Ehrenberg (NRC313) or the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae Tul. & C. Tul. (NRC212A) and G. fasciculatum Tul. & C. Tul. (NRC212B) were used for soil treatment followed by foliar spray with Trichoderma harzianum or P. fluorescens to manage severity of wheat foliar diseases under field conditions for two successive growing seasons. Under field conditions, at all soil drench and foliar application treatments, Sids 14 was the most sensitive cultivar for high disease severity followed by Misr 2 and Giza 168. Also, the obtained results showed that the most effective treatments were soil drench with mycorrhizae followed by foliar spray with either T. harzianum or P. fluorescens. Meanwhile, the fungicide Amistar showed a superior reduction in disease severity compared to other applied treatments. In addition, the increased yield was correlated to the decreased severity of the recorded diseases. The present study suggests using bioagents for reducing the severity of wheat leaf diseases and increasing the grain yield under field conditions.
Influence of the Shear Process on the Compaction Success and Friction Behavior During Asphalt Paving
Authors: Harries Leandro , Böhm Stefan
Published: January 2023

As part of this research, the shear process during asphalt paving with the paver screed was investigated in the laboratory. An extensive international literature search revealed that the influence of the shear process on the compaction success during asphalt paving has not been investigated to date. In addition, only limited data on the coefficient of friction between the asphalt mix and the screed plate exist from in-situ measurements. The investigations in the laboratory were carried out with a customized frame shear device of the Institute of Geotechnics at the Technical University of Darmstadt. The asphalt mix types AC 11 DS, SMA 11 DS and AC 16 BS (according to the German guideline TL Asphalt-StB) were used for this purpose. In addition, the influence of temperature changes and grading curve changes was investigated using the AC 11 DS asphalt mix. On the basis of the results, it was possible to prove for the first time that a significant increase in density takes place as a result of the shear process under constant normal stress. Where the influence on the compaction success depends on the asphalt composition. In addition, in-situ measurements could be validated based on determined sliding friction coefficients. The friction coefficients showed a material and temperature-dependent behavior.
China in Global Health
Authors: Brazelton Mary Augusta
Published: January 2023

Mary Brazelton argues that the territories and peoples associated with China have played vital roles in the emergence of modern international health. In the early twentieth century, repeated epidemic outbreaks in China justified interventions by transnational organizations; these projects shaped strategies for international health. China has also served as a space of creativity and reinvention, in which administrators developed new models of health care during decades of war and revolution, even as traditional practitioners presented alternatives to Western biomedicine. The 1949 establishment of the People's Republic of China introduced a new era of socialist internationalism, as well as new initiatives to establish connections across the non-aligned world using medical diplomacy. After 1978, the post-socialist transition gave rise to new configurations of health governance. The rich and varied history of Chinese involvement in global health offers a means to make sense of present-day crises.
Deontology
Authors: Rawling Piers
Published: January 2023

Deontology is a theory about how we should act, morally speaking. It comes in several varieties, but all share certain doctrines, many of which are close to those found in the so-called 'common-sense morality' of the Western world. And all varieties are united in their opposition to consequentialism, a theory that, in its simplest form, tells us that we should always act so as to maximize impersonal value by bringing about the best consequences. This Element presents some of the different versions of deontology, including the views of W. D. Ross, and, to a lesser extent, Immanuel Kant. It defends certain deontological tenets, while challenging others, and contrasts them with consequentialism. Deontology and consequentialism are two of the main contenders in ethical theory, but virtue ethics is another, and it too is addressed (briefly), with an attempt to see it, in its most plausible form, as part of deontology.
Debating English Music in the Long Nineteenth Century
Authors: Ling John
Published: January 2023

Situates the controversial narrative of 'The English Musical Renaissance' within its wider historical context.
Saints, Cure-Seekers and Miraculous Healing in Twelfth-Century England
Authors: Salter Ruth J.
Published: January 2023

Traces the journey from ill health to miraculous cure through the lens of hagiographical texts from twelfth-century England.
Vote with a Bullet
Authors: Pöhlmann Sascha
Published: January 2023

Conceptualizes the genre of American assassination fiction as a dramatization of the tension between individualism and mass society in US culture.
Addressing Women in Early Medieval Religious Texts
Authors: Maude Kathryn
Published: January 2023

An investigation into texts specifically addressed to women sheds new light on female literary cultures.
Africans in East Anglia, 1467-1833
Authors: Maguire Richard C.
Published: January 2023

What were the lives of Africans in provincial England like during the early modern period? How, where, and when did they arrive in rural counties? How were they perceived by their contemporaries?
Oncolytic Parapoxvirus induces Gasdermin E-mediated pyroptosis and activates antitumor immunity
Authors: Lin Jing , Sun Shihui , Zhao Kui , Gao Fei , Wang Renling , Li Qi , Zhou Yanlong , Zhang Jing , Li Yue , Wang Xinyue , Du Le , Wang Shuai , Li Zi , Lu Huijun , Lan Yungang , Song Deguang , Guo Wei , Chen Yujia , Gao Feng , Zhao Yicheng , Fan Rongrong , Guan Jiyu , He Wenqi
Published: January 2023

The advantage of oncolytic viruses (OV) in cancer therapy is their dual effect of directly killing tumours while prompting anti-tumour immune response. Oncolytic parapoxvirus ovis (ORFV) and other OVs are thought to induce apoptosis, but apoptosis, being the immunogenically inert compared to other types of cell death, does not explain the highly inflamed microenvironment in OV-challenged tumors. Here we show that ORFV and its recombinant therapeutic derivatives are able to trigger tumor cell pyroptosis via Gasdermin E (GSDME). This effect is especially prominent in GSDME-low tumor cells, in which ORFV-challenge pre-stabilizes GSDME by decreasing its ubiquitination and subsequently initiates pyroptosis. Consistently, GSDME depletion reduces the proportion of intratumoral cytotoxic T lymphocytes, pyroptotic cell death and the success of tumor ORFV virotherapy. In vivo, the OV preferentially accumulates in the tumour upon systemic delivery and elicits pyroptotic tumor killing. Consequentially, ORFV sensitizes immunologically ‘cold’ tumors to checkpoint blockade. This study thus highlights the critical role of GSDME-mediated pyroptosis in oncolytic ORFV-based antitumor immunity and identifies combinatorial cancer therapy strategies.
A self-standing three-dimensional covalent organic framework film
Authors: Yang Yizhou , Chen Yanyan , Izquierdo-Ruiz Fernando , Schäfer Clara , Rahm Martin , Börjesson Karl
Published: January 2023

Covalent crystals such as diamonds are a class of fascinating materials that are challenging to fabricate in the form of thin films. This is because spatial kinetic control of bond formation is required to create covalently bonded crystal films. Directional crystal growth is commonly achieved by chemical vapor deposition, an approach that is hampered by technical complexity and associated high cost. Here we report on a liquid-liquid interfacial approach based on physical-organic considerations to synthesize an ultrathin covalent crystal film. By distributing reactants into separate phases using hydrophobicity, the chemical reaction is confined to an interface that orients the crystal growth. A molecular-smooth interface combined with in-plane isotropic conditions enables the synthesis of films on a centimeter size scale with a uniform thickness of 13 nm. The film exhibits considerable mechanical robustness enabling a free-standing length of 37 µm, as well as a clearly anisotropic chemical structure and crystal lattice alignment.
Moiré potential renormalization and ultra-flat bands induced by quasiparticle-plasmon coupling
Authors: Zhu Linghan , Wang Haonan , Yang Li
Published: January 2023

Moiré potential profile can form flat electronic bands and manifest correlated states of electrons, where carrier doping is essential for observing those correlations. In this work, we uncover a hidden but remarkable many-electron effect: doped carriers form a two-dimensional plasmon and strongly couple with quasiparticles to renormalize moiré potential and realize ultra-flat bands. Using many-body perturbation theory, we demonstrate this effect in twisted MoS2/WS2 heterobilayer. The moiré potential is significantly enhanced upon carrier doping, and the bandwidth is reduced by order of magnitude, leading to drastic quenching of electronic kinetic energy and stronger correlation. We further predict that the competition between correlated mechanisms can be effectively controlled via doping, giving hope to a quantum transition between Mott and charge-transfer insulating states. Our work reveals that the potential renormalization effect of doping is much more significant in determining and controlling many-electron electronic correlations than sole filling-factor tuning in semiconducting moiré crystals.
The database for extracting numerical and visual properties of numerosity processing in the Chinese population
Authors: Cheng Dazhi , Cui Zhijun , Chen Chunhui , Xu Xin , Niu Kai , He Zhiqiang , Zhou Xinlin
Published: January 2023

The ability to handle non-symbolic numerosity has been recurrently linked to mathematical abilities. The accumulated data provide a rich resource that can reflect the underlying properties (i.e., dot ratio, area, convex hull, perimeters, distance, and hash) of numerosity processing. This article reports a database of numerosity processing in the Chinese population. The database contains five independent datasets with 7459, 4902, 415, 671, 414 participants respectively. For each dataset, all data were collected in the same online computerized test, examination room, professorial tester, and using the same protocols. Computational modeling method could be used to extract the dot ratio and visual properties of numerosity from five types of dot stimuli. This database enables researchers to test the theoretical hypotheses regarding numerosity processing using a large sample population. The database can also indicate the individual difference of non-symbolic numerosity in mathematical abilities.
Tailoring crosstalk between localized 1D spin-wave nanochannels using focused ion beams
Authors: Iurchuk Vadym , Pablo-Navarro Javier , Hula Tobias , Narkowicz Ryszard , Hlawacek Gregor , Körber Lukas , Kákay Attila , Schultheiss Helmut , Fassbender Jürgen , Lenz Kilian , Lindner Jürgen
Published: January 2023

1D spin-wave conduits are envisioned as nanoscale components of magnonics-based logic and computing schemes for future generation electronics. À-la-carte methods of versatile control of the local magnetization dynamics in such nanochannels are highly desired for efficient steering of the spin waves in magnonic devices. Here, we present a study of localized dynamical modes in 1-$$\upmu$$
μ
m﻿-wide permalloy conduits probed by microresonator ferromagnetic resonance technique. We clearly observe the lowest-energy edge mode in the microstrip after its edges were finely trimmed by means of focused Ne$$^+$$

+

ion irradiation. Furthermore, after milling the microstrip along its long axis by focused ion beams, creating consecutively $$\sim$$
∼
50 and $$\sim$$
∼
100 nm gaps, additional resonances emerge and are attributed to modes localized at the inner edges of the separated strips. To visualize the mode distribution, spatially resolved Brillouin light scattering microscopy was used showing an excellent agreement with the ferromagnetic resonance data and confirming the mode localization at the outer/inner edges of the strips depending on the magnitude of the applied magnetic field. Micromagnetic simulations confirm that the lowest-energy modes are localized within $$\sim$$
∼
15-nm-wide regions at the edges of the strips and their frequencies can be tuned in a wide range (up to 5 GHz) by changing the magnetostatic coupling (i.e., spatial separation) between the microstrips.
SARS-CoV-2 infection augments species- and age-specific predispositions in cotton rats
Authors: Boukhvalova Marina S. , Mortensen Emma , Caple Jessica , Joseph John , Sylla Fatoumata , Kamali Arash , Stylos Daniel , Lopez Diego , March Thomas , Byrd Kevin Matthew , Prince Gregory A. , Arndt Ariel , Kajon Adriana , Blanco Jorge C. G.
Published: January 2023

Heterogeneity of COVID-19 manifestations in human population is vast, for reasons unknown. Cotton rats are a clinically relevant small animal model of human respiratory viral infections. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that SARS-CoV-2 infection in cotton rats affects multiple organs and systems, targeting species- and age-specific biological processes. Infection of S. fulviventer, which developed a neutralizing antibody response and were more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 replication in the upper respiratory tract, was accompanied by hyperplasia of lacrimal drainage-associated lymphoid tissue (LDALT), a first known report of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue activation at the portal of SARS-CoV-2 entry. Although less permissive to viral replication, S. hispidus showed hyperplasia of bone marrow in the facial bones and increased pulmonary thrombosis in aged males. Augmentation of these features by SARS-CoV-2 infection suggests a virus-induced breach in regulatory mechanisms which could be devastating for people of all ages with underlying conditions and in particular for elderly with a multitude of ongoing disorders.
Optimizing variant-specific therapeutic SARS-CoV-2 decoys using deep-learning-guided molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Köchl Katharina , Schopper Tobias , Durmaz Vedat , Parigger Lena , Singh Amit , Krassnigg Andreas , Cespugli Marco , Wu Wei , Yang Xiaoli , Zhang Yanchong , Wang Welson Wen-Shang , Selluski Crystal , Zhao Tiehan , Zhang Xin , Bai Caihong , Lin Leon , Hu Yuxiang , Xie Zhiwei , Zhang Zaihui , Yan Jun , Zatloukal Kurt , Gruber Karl , Steinkellner Georg , Gruber Christian C.
Published: January 2023

Treatment of COVID-19 with a soluble version of ACE2 that binds to SARS-CoV-2 virions before they enter host cells is a promising approach, however it needs to be optimized and adapted to emerging viral variants. The computational workflow presented here consists of molecular dynamics simulations for spike RBD-hACE2 binding affinity assessments of multiple spike RBD/hACE2 variants and a novel convolutional neural network architecture working on pairs of voxelized force-fields for efficient search-space reduction. We identified hACE2-Fc K31W and multi-mutation variants as high-affinity candidates, which we validated in vitro with virus neutralization assays. We evaluated binding affinities of these ACE2 variants with the RBDs of Omicron BA.3, Omicron BA.4/BA.5, and Omicron BA.2.75 in silico. In addition, candidates produced in Nicotiana benthamiana, an expression organism for potential large-scale production, showed a 4.6-fold reduction in half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) compared with the same variant produced in CHO cells and an almost six-fold IC50 reduction compared with wild-type hACE2-Fc.
Prevalence and factors associated with hepatitis C among pregnant women in China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: He Sun , Shuang Gao , Yinglan Wu , Lan Wang , Wei Wang , Ailing Wang , Changhe Wang , Xiaoyan Wang , Qun Gao , Zechun Lu , Dongxu Huang , Yu Wang , Han Mo Phoenix Kit , Zhongdan Chen , Chan Polin , Qian Wang
Published: January 2023

Pregnant women infected with HCV should be given attention due to their special physiological stage and the effect on offspring health. To examine the prevalence of HCV infection among pregnant women in part of China and explore relevant factors during pregnancy, a cross-sectional study was conducted in four maternal and children health care institutions (MCHC) in Guangdong, Hunan and Chongqing. Pregnant women who were delivered, induced or spontaneous abortion were included and relevant information was collected through the Hospital Information System. Results showed that the prevalence of HCV among pregnant women in four MCHCs was 0.11% (95% CI 0.09–0.13%). Age, occupations, regions, syphilis-infection, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), and placenta previa were significant factors (all P < 0.05). Age and syphilis-infection were positively correlated with HCV infection (Z = 3.41, P = 0.0006; OR = 18.16, 95% CI 9.34–35.29). HCV and HBV infection were risk factors of ICP (OR = 4.18, 95% CI 2.18–8.04; OR = 2.59, 95% CI 2.31–2.89). Our study indicates that the prevalence of HCV among pregnant women in the three provinces(city) was low compared with the general population in China. Older age and syphilis-infection increased the risk of HCV infection during pregnancy. HCV infection was a risk factor of ICP. Generally, we need keep a watchful eye on HCV infection and relevant factors mentioned above during pregnancy in clinic, especially those also infected with syphilis. HCV testing based on risk factors is recommended in antenatal care and obstetrics.
Enhanced phytoplankton bloom triggered by atmospheric high-pressure systems over the Northern Arabian Sea
Authors: Thoppil Prasad G.
Published: January 2023

During winter, the dry, cool air brought by prevailing northeasterly trade winds leads to surface ocean heat loss and convective mixing in the northern Arabian Sea. The current paradigm is that the convective mixing process leads to the injection of nutrients up into the surface waters and exert a dominant control on winter productivity. By combining a variety of observations, atmospheric reanalysis and model simulations, we unraveled the processes responsible for the observed year-to-year chlorophyll-a variations in the northern Arabian Sea. Our findings suggest that the atmospheric high-pressure systems that traverse the northern Arabian Sea every winter and spring disrupt winter convective mixing and create an array of environmental conditions conducive to trigger phytoplankton blooms. The arrival of an atmospheric high with the anticyclonic flow in the northern Arabia Sea sets the stage for a sequence of events culminating in intermittent mixed-layer restratification due to buoyancy gain aided by increased specific humidity, supplemented with abundant sunlight due to clear skies, and suppressed turbulent mixing owing to weak winds. These combined with the mixed layer that is shallower than the euphotic zone and the influx of nutrients into the euphotic zone brought by convective mixing between the calm periods, caused unprecedented high concentrations of chlorophyll-a in the northern Arabian Sea.
Anticodon table of the chloroplast genome and identification of putative quadruplet anticodons in chloroplast tRNAs
Authors: Mohanta Tapan Kumar , Mohanta Yugal Kishore , Sharma Nanaocha
Published: January 2023

The chloroplast genome of 5959 species was analyzed to construct the anticodon table of the chloroplast genome. Analysis of the chloroplast transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) revealed the presence of a putative quadruplet anticodon containing tRNAs in the chloroplast genome. The tRNAs with putative quadruplet anticodons were UAUG, UGGG, AUAA, GCUA, and GUUA, where the GUUA anticodon putatively encoded tRNAAsn. The study also revealed the complete absence of tRNA genes containing ACU, CUG, GCG, CUC, CCC, and CGG anticodons in the chloroplast genome from the species studied so far. The chloroplast genome was also found to encode tRNAs encoding N-formylmethionine (fMet), Ile2, selenocysteine, and pyrrolysine. The chloroplast genomes of mycoparasitic and heterotrophic plants have had heavy losses of tRNA genes. Furthermore, the chloroplast genome was also found to encode putative spacer tRNA, tRNA fragments (tRFs), tRNA-derived, stress-induced RNA (tiRNAs), and the group I introns. An evolutionary analysis revealed that chloroplast tRNAs had evolved via multiple common ancestors and the GC% had more influence toward encoding the tRNA number in the chloroplast genome than the genome size.
Learned value modulates the access to visual awareness during continuous flash suppression
Authors: Lunghi Claudia , Pooresmaeili Arezoo
Published: January 2023

Monetary value enhances visual perception and attention and boosts activity in the primary visual cortex, however, it is still unclear whether monetary value can modulate the conscious access to rewarding stimuli. Here we investigate this issue by employing a breaking continuous flash suppression (b-CFS) paradigm. We measured suppression durations of sinusoidal gratings having orthogonal orientations under CFS in adult volunteers before and after a short session of Pavlovian associative learning in which each orientation was arbitrarily associated either with high or low monetary reward. We found that monetary value accelerated the access to visual awareness during CFS. Specifically, after the associative learning, suppression durations of the visual stimulus associated with high monetary value were shorter compared to the visual stimulus associated with low monetary value. Critically, the effect was replicated in a second experiment using a detection task for b-CFS that was orthogonal to the reward associative learning. These results indicate that monetary reward facilitates the access to awareness of visual stimuli associated with monetary value probably by boosting their representation at the early stages of visual processing in the brain.
EEG-based spatio-temporal relation signatures for the diagnosis of depression and schizophrenia
Authors: Shor Oded , Yaniv-Rosenfeld Amit , Valevski Avi , Weizman Abraham , Khrennikov Andrei , Benninger Felix
Published: January 2023

The diagnosis of psychiatric disorders is currently based on a clinical and psychiatric examination (intake). Ancillary tests are used minimally or only to exclude other disorders. Here, we demonstrate a novel mathematical approach based on the field of p-adic numbers and using electroencephalograms (EEGs) to identify and differentiate patients with schizophrenia and depression from healthy controls. This novel approach examines spatio-temporal relations of single EEG electrode signals and characterizes the topological structure of these relations in the individual patient. Our results indicate that the relational topological structures, characterized by either the personal universal dendrographic hologram (DH) signature (PUDHS) or personal block DH signature (PBDHS), form a unique range for each group of patients, with impressive correspondence to the clinical condition. This newly developed approach results in an individual patient signature calculated from the spatio-temporal relations of EEG electrodes signals and might help the clinician with a new objective tool for the diagnosis of a multitude of psychiatric disorders.
Mid-Holocene expansion of the Indian Ocean warm pool documented in coral Sr/Ca records from Kenya
Authors: Leupold Maike , Pfeiffer Miriam , Watanabe Takaaki K. , Nakamura Nobuko , Reuning Lars , Blume Alina , McClanahan Tim , Mohammed Mchulla , Kiriama Herman , Garbe-Schönberg Dieter , Ritzrau Andrea Schröder , Zinke Jens
Published: January 2023

Proxy reconstructions suggest that mid-Holocene East African temperatures were warmer than today between 8 and 5 ka BP, but climate models cannot replicate this warming. Precessional forcing caused a shift of maximum insolation from boreal spring to fall in the mid-Holocene, which may have favored intense warming at the start of the warm season. Here, we use three Porites corals from Kenya that represent time windows from 6.55 to 5.87 ka BP to reconstruct past sea surface temperature (SST) seasonality from coral Sr/Ca ratios in the western Indian Ocean during the mid-Holocene. Although the Indian monsoon was reportedly stronger in the mid-Holocene, which should have amplified the seasonal cycle of SST in the western Indian Ocean, the corals suggest reduced seasonality (mean 3.2 °C) compared to the modern record (mean 4.3 °C). Warming in austral spring is followed by a prolonged period of warm SSTs, suggesting that an upper limit of tropical SSTs under mid-Holocene conditions was reached at the start of the warm season, and SSTs then remained stable. Similar changes are seen at the Seychelles. Bootstrap estimates suggest a reduction in SST seasonality of 1.3 ± 0.22 °C at Kenya and 1.7 ± 0.32 °C at the Seychelles. SST seasonality at Kenya corresponds to present-day SST seasonality at 55° E–60° E, while SST seasonality at the Seychelles corresponds to present day SST seasonality at ~ 65° E. This implies a significant westward expansion of the Indian Ocean warm pool. Furthermore, the coral data suggests that SST seasonality deviates from seasonal changes in orbital insolation due to ocean–atmosphere interactions.
Effect of date molasses on levetiracetam pharmacokinetics in healthy rats
Authors: Abu Dayyih Wael , Layth Raghad , Hailat Mohammad , Alkhawaja Bayan , Al Tamimi Lina , Zakaraya Zainab , Aburumman Aseel , Al Dmour Nisreen , Saadh Mohamed J. , Al-Matubsi Hisham , Aldalaen Saed M.
Published: January 2023

Twelve healthy eight-week-old male Wistar rats weighing 200 g were used. Rats were chosen randomly, and their tails were identified and separated into cages/groups. The first group received an oral dose of 11.5 mg of levetiracetam in 5 mL of water, and the second group was given date syrup (250 g mixed with 250 mL water) for seven days, then 11.5 mg LEV in 5 mL water on day 7. One week of preadministered date molasses significantly decreased levetiracetam pharmacokinetic parameters in rats, such as Cmax (72 vs. 14 ng/mL, p = 0.01), Tmax (1.78 vs. 0.44 h, p < 0.001), and AUC (880 vs. 258 ng.h/mL, p < 0.001). This decrease in plasma levetiracetam levels caused by date molasses could be attributed to decreased levetiracetam absorption. On the other hand, the current study discovered that rats given date molasses for a week had a reduced rate and extent of absorption. As a result, date molasses might increase the risk of epileptic seizures in oral LEV-treated ones.
Super-resolving microscopy reveals the localizations and movement dynamics of stressosome proteins in Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Tran Buu Minh , Linnik Dmitrii Sergeevich , Punter Christiaan Michiel , Śmigiel Wojciech Mikołaj , Mantovanelli Luca , Iyer Aditya , O’Byrne Conor , Abee Tjakko , Johansson Jörgen , Poolman Bert
Published: January 2023

The human pathogen Listeria monocytogenes can cope with severe environmental challenges, for which the high molecular weight stressosome complex acts as the sensing hub in a complicated signal transduction pathway. Here, we show the dynamics and functional roles of the stressosome protein RsbR1 and its paralogue, the blue-light receptor RsbL, using photo-activated localization microscopy combined with single-particle tracking and single-molecule displacement mapping and supported by physiological studies. In live cells, RsbR1 is present in multiple states: in protomers with RsbS, large clusters of stressosome complexes, and in connection with the plasma membrane via Prli42. RsbL diffuses freely in the cytoplasm but forms clusters upon exposure to light. The clustering of RsbL is independent of the presence of Prli42. Our work provides a comprehensive view of the spatial organization and intracellular dynamics of the stressosome proteins in L. monocytogenes, which paves the way towards uncovering the stress-sensing mechanism of this signal transduction pathway.
Facile synthesis of SAPO-34 nanocrystallites with excellent performance for the dehydration of carbohydrates to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Wu Pengfei , Yang Miao , Pang Jifeng , Fan Dong , Song Lei , Sun Tantan , Zheng Mingyuan , Tian Peng , Zhang Tao
Published: January 2023

The facile synthesis of SAPO-34 nanocrystallites with excellent performance for carbohydrates dehydration to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.
Regioselective acylation attaching aromatic substituents in simple nonfullerene acceptors for efficient organic solar cells
Authors: Deng Suinan , Luo Wenjun , Zhang Lianjie , Xie Guojing , Lei Shuyi , Luo Mei , Wu Zuhao , Yuan Dong , Liang Jiahao , Xie Zengqi , Chen Junwu
Published: January 2023

Regioselective acylation was used to prepare aromatic substituted benzodithiophenediones (BDDs) and then construct new nonfullerene acceptors. Nonfullerene Ph-BDD with a bare benzene ring exhibited a high efficiency of 13.64% and good thermal and storage stabilities.
A complementary integrated Transformer network for hyperspectral image classification
Authors: Liao Diling , Shi Cuiping , Wang Liguo
Published: January 2023

In the past, convolutional neural network (CNN) has become one of the most popular deep learning frameworks, and has been widely used in Hyperspectral image classification tasks. Convolution (Conv) in CNN uses filter weights to extract features in local receiving domain, and the weight parameters are shared globally, which more focus on the high‐frequency information of the image. Different from Conv, Transformer can obtain the long‐term dependence between long‐distance features through modelling, and adaptively focus on different regions. In addition, Transformer is considered as a low‐pass filter, which more focuses on the low‐frequency information of the image. Considering the complementary characteristics of Conv and Transformer, the two modes can be integrated for full feature extraction. In addition, the most important image features correspond to the discrimination region, while the secondary image features represent important but easily ignored regions, which are also conducive to the classification of HSIs. In this study, a complementary integrated Transformer network (CITNet) for hyperspectral image classification is proposed. Firstly, three‐dimensional convolution (Conv3D) and two‐dimensional convolution (Conv2D) are utilised to extract the shallow semantic information of the image. In order to enhance the secondary features, a channel Gaussian modulation attention module is proposed, which is embedded between Conv3D and Conv2D. This module can not only enhance secondary features, but suppress the most important and least important features. Then, considering the different and complementary characteristics of Conv and Transformer, a complementary integrated Transformer module is designed. Finally, through a large number of experiments, this study evaluates the classification performance of CITNet and several state‐of‐the‐art networks on five common datasets. The experimental results show that compared with these classification networks, CITNet can provide better classification performance.
Room‐temperature high‐speed mid‐infrared quantum cascade laser with π‐shape metal contact
Authors: Gao Xu , Yang Ke , Zhu Yi‐xuan , Liu Jun‐qi , Zhai Shen‐qiang , Liu Shu‐man , Zhuo Ning , Zhang Jin‐chuan , Wang Li‐jun , Liu Feng‐qi , Wang Xiao‐hua , Wei Zhi‐peng
Published: January 2023

The authors demonstrate a high‐speed 8.5‐μm quantum cascade laser (QCL) with room temperature continuous wave (CW) operation. The maximum output power of 141 mW is obtained at 20°C. The parasitic capacitance of the device is decreased from 36.6 to 7.1 pF by monolithic integrating a π‐shape metal contact electrode. This results in an increase in the −3 dB RF modulation bandwidth from 870 MHz to 4.5 GHz compared with the conventional electrode configuration.
Research on early warning method for pollution flashover based on phase angle of insulator leakage current
Authors: Li Zong , Wang Naixiao , Wang Liming
Published: January 2023

Pollution flashover is a systematic disaster of power system. It is significant to early warning insulator pollution flashover in real time and accurately. The phase angle of the insulator leakage current is a critical parameter for insulator pollution flashover early warning. However, in field applications, the operating voltage waveform cannot be obtained so that this characteristic parameter cannot be applied to the insulator pollution flashover early warning system. This paper proposes a method to obtain the phase angle of the leakage current of the online insulator. This method avoids the direct measurement of the operating voltage waveform, but uses the stray capacitance between the signal plate of the early warning device metal shell and the transmission line to obtain the operating voltage signal indirectly. In this paper, the method and the early warning mechanism of pollution flashover are analyzed theoretically, and then the early warning device for pollution flashover is designed. Finally, the effectiveness of the early warning device is verified by experiments.
A comprehensive estimation method of phase error in the frequency‐interleaving digital‐to‐analog converter
Authors: Zhao Wenhao , Tian Shulin , Liu Ke , Xiao Yindong
Published: January 2023

This letter studied the phase error in the frequency‐interleaving digital‐to‐analog converter (FI‐DAC) and proposed a comprehensive phase estimation method. Firstly, the model of the FI‐DAC system was established, and the phase error was considered that consists of three parts: time delay error, initial phase error and non‐linear phase error. By analyzing the phase function characteristics of the system, the least squares (LS) was used to linearly fit the phase functions of the non‐overlapping bands to estimate both the time delay and the initial phase of each sub‐band channel. Then, the non‐linear phase error of the system was estimated by the difference between the system phase function and the estimated linear phase function. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed estimation method was verified by the built FI‐DAC test bench.
A 10‐GHz bandwidth 45.5‐dB SNDR buffer with local feedback in 45‐nm CMOS
Authors: Wu Jie , Meng Qiao , Li Fei , Huang Yujia
Published: January 2023

A high‐speed and low‐power input/output buffer for time interleaving circuit is proposed in this letter. The buffer can be applied to high‐speed circuits operating at 20 GS/s. This novel two‐stage buffer is employed with bandwidth expansion and slew‐rate enhanced techniques. An improved common‐mode feedback circuit stabilizes the output common‐mode voltage. This prototype buffer is fabricated in the 45‐nm COMS process, and achieves 7.2 bit ENOB at 10‐GHz input frequency with power consumption of 20.4 mW, load of 0.3 fF.
Improved model predictive current control for multi‐mode four‐switch buck–boost converter considering parameter mismatch
Authors: Wu Yan , Wang Wei , Tang Fen , Wu Xuezhi , Chen Zhe , Jing Long , Zhang Weige
Published: January 2023

Four‐switch Buck‐Boost (FSBB) converter usually adopts multi‐mode control methods in applications requiring both voltage step‐up and step‐down. Model predictive current control (MPCC) can improve the dynamic performance and simplify multi‐mode switching control, but parameter mismatch will deteriorate its control performances. To this end, the theoretical steady‐state error of MPCC caused by parameter mismatch is derived; the influence of parameter mismatch on the dynamic and steady‐state performances is analyzed. Further, an improved MPCC strategy with the parameter disturbance observer (PDO) and dynamic adjustment block for the FSBB converter is presented. The PDO is developed to correct the prediction model and eliminate steady‐state errors due to parameter mismatch. The dynamic adjustment block related to the tracking error can further avoid the dynamic performance degradation. Additionally, a load disturbance observer (LDO) is designed to improve the dynamic response to the unknown load variation. Then, multi‐mode operation of the FSBB converter is realized with the proposed MPCC, which determines the operating mode according to the prediction results without extra mode detection. Finally, simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed strategy can improve the dynamic and steady‐state performances of MPCC with parameter mismatch and achieve multi‐mode operation with high control performances.
Effectiveness and Safety of Rivaroxaban Versus Warfarin among Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation Patients with Concomitant Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Sood Nitesh , Ashton Veronica , Bessada Youssef , Galli Katelyn , Bookhart Brahim K. , Coleman Craig I.
Published: January 2023

Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with an increased incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF), hypertension, diabetes, heart failure, coronary heart disease, stroke, and death. We sought to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular AF (NVAF) patients with concomitant OSA.

Methods This was an analysis of electronic health record (EHR) data from November 2010 to December 2021. We included adults with NVAF and OSA at baseline, newly initiated on rivaroxaban or warfarin, and with ≥12 months of prior EHR activity. Patients with valvular disease, alternative indications for oral anticoagulation, or who were pregnant were excluded. The incidence rates of developing stroke or systemic embolism (SSE) and bleeding-related hospitalization were evaluated. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using propensity score-overlap weighted proportional hazards regression. Multiple sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed.

Results We included 21,940 rivaroxaban (20.1% at the 15 mg dose) and 38,213 warfarin (time-in-therapeutic range = 47.3 ± 28.3%) patients. Rivaroxaban was found to have similar hazard of SSE compared to warfarin (HR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.82–1.03). Rivaroxaban was associated with a reduced rate of bleeding-related hospitalizations (HR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.78–0.92) versus warfarin, as well as reductions in intracranial (HR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.62–0.94) and extracranial (HR = 0.89, 95%CI = 0.81–0.97) bleeding. Upon sensitivity analysis restricting the population to men with a CHA2DS2VASc score ≥2 or women with a score ≥3, rivaroxaban was associated with a significant 33% risk reduction in SSE and 43% reduction in the risk of bleeding-related hospitalization. No significant interaction for the SSE or bleeding-related hospitalization outcomes was observed upon subgroup analyses.

Conclusion Among patients with NVAF and OSA, rivaroxaban had similar SSE risk versus warfarin but was associated with reductions in any intracranial and extracranial bleeding-related hospitalizations. Rivaroxaban was associated with significant reductions in SSE and bleeding-related hospitalizations when the study population was restricted to patients with a moderate-to-high risk of SSE. These data should provide prescribers with additional confidence in selecting rivaroxaban in NVAF patients who have OSA at the time of anticoagulation initiation.
Construction of a reduced-order model of an electro-osmotic micromixer and discovery of attractors for petal structure
Authors: Xiao Qianhao , Wang Jun , Yang Xiaopei , Jiang Boyan
Published: January 2023

The chaotic state of microfluidic devices such as electroosmotic micromixers has received extensive attention. Its unsteady flow and multi-physics mask low-dimensional structure and potential attractors. Based on the dynamic mode decomposition and the sparse identification of nonlinear dynamics, this study aims to construct a manifold equation with the minimum degree of freedom, reveal the mixing mechanism of micromixers, and discover the evolution of chaotic states. The attenuation degree of freedom was introduced to force the modal coefficients to be pure oscillations. The six, four, and two-dimensional minimum reduced-order models (ROMs) were constructed under different mixing conditions. The nonlinear dynamics evolves on attractors resembling a six-petal structure based on the amplitude-phase method. The attractor periodicity and decay map the evolution of the periodic oscillation and limit cycle of the active modes and are related to the appearance of the low-energy dominant non-axisymmetric modes. These results emphasize the significance of ROM technology in revealing the low-dimensional structure and attractor of the electroosmotic micromixer.
Improvement of transition prediction model in hypersonic boundary layer based on field inversion and machine learning framework
Authors: Zhang Tian-Xin , Chen Jian-Qiang , Zeng Fan-Zhi , Tang Deng-Gao , Yan Chao
Published: January 2023

The classical four-equation γ−Reθ transition model has presented excellent accuracy in low-speed boundary layer transition prediction. However, once the incoming flow reaches hypersonic speed, the original model is no longer applicable due to the compressibility problem and the appearance of multiple instability modes. Recently, there has been widespread interest in data-driven modeling for quantifying uncertainty or improving model prediction accuracy. In this paper, a data-driven framework based on field inversion and machine learning is performed to extend the prediction capability of the original γ−Reθ transition model for the hypersonic boundary layer transition. First, the iterative regularized ensemble Kalman filter method is applied to obtain the spatial distribution of the perturbation correction term β for the switching function Fonset1, and the effectiveness of this method is initially verified in the hypersonic flat plate case. Then, the random forest algorithm is adopted to construct a mapping from the average flow features to β. The generalizability of the well-trained learning model is fully validated in the blunt cone cases with different unit Reynolds numbers, free-stream flow temperature, and bluntness. The simulation results indicate that the performance of the original γ−Reθ transition model in the hypersonic boundary layer transition prediction is significantly improved, and the boundary layer transition onset location and the length of transition zone can be correctly obtained. In addition, the machine learning model investigates the importance of the input features and confirms that the effective length scale plays a significant role in the numerical simulation of the hypersonic boundary layer transition.
Chii Jou Chan: The positives of being under "pressure"
Authors: Morgado-Palacin Lucia
Published: January 2023

Chii Jou Chan investigates how tissue mechanics and fluid pressure regulate mammalian development, with a special focus on folliculogenesis and oocyte quality control.
Advances in silicon nanowire applications in energy generation, storage, sensing, and electronics: a review
Authors: Raman Srinivasan , A Ravi Sankar , M Sindhuja
Published: January 2023

Nanowire-based technological advancements thrive in various fields, including energy generation and storage, sensors, and electronics. Among the identified nanowires, silicon nanowires (SiNWs) attract much attention as they possess unique features, including high surface-to-volume ratio, high electron mobility, bio-compatibility, anti-reflection, and elasticity. They were tested in domains of energy generation (thermoelectric, photo-voltaic, photoelectrochemical), storage (lithium-ion battery (LIB) anodes, super capacitors), and sensing (bio-molecules, gas, light, etc). These nano-structures were found to improve the performance of the system in terms of efficiency, stability, sensitivity, selectivity, cost, rapidity, and reliability. This review article scans and summarizes the significant developments that occurred in the last decade concerning the application of SiNWs in the fields of thermoelectric, photovoltaic, and photoelectrochemical power generation, storage of energy using LIB anodes, biosensing, and disease diagnostics, gas and pH sensing, photodetection, physical sensing, and electronics. The functionalization of SiNWs with various nanomaterials and the formation of heterostructures for achieving improved characteristics are discussed. This article will be helpful to researchers in the field of nanotechnology about various possible applications and improvements that can be realized using SiNW.