bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conclusion
Authors: Van Hyning Victoria
Published: January 2020

The Conclusion briefly summarizes the preceding chapters, drawing continuities between early modern English convent autobiography and other arenas of early modern religious practice. It points the way for future comparative studies, and suggests how the concepts of subsumed and anonymous autobiography might be extended to other disciplines and areas of enquiry. It concludes with an analysis of the continuities between anonymous convent authorship and online anonymity, arguing that both contexts demonstrate that the passion for autobiographical expression exists alongside what Philippe Lejeune called the ‘passion for anonymity’. Convent literature and our ever-evolving online behaviours reveal a passion for anonymous autobiography, for the need to speak without being named.
LA IMAGEN LEGAL DEL DELINCUENTE IMPUTABLE PELIGROSO: REFLEXIONES A TRAVÉS DE LA LIBERTAD VIGILADA
Authors: Bonsignore Fouquet Dyango
Published: January 2020

Durante la última década ha aumentado el interés político criminal por expandir la aplicación del criterio de peligrosidad en el Derecho penal español. Esto determinó la introducción de la libertad vigilada con el objetivo expreso de aprehender el riesgo que plantea un nuevo tipo de sujeto jurídico-penal: el delincuente imputable peligroso. El presente trabajo examina detalladamente la evolución de esta medida de seguridad con el fin de extraer las notas características de la construcción de los «peligrosos» efectuada por el legislador. Como objetivo último, se pretende reflexionar sobre la idea de peligrosidad que se encuentra detrás de la plasmación legal y las implicaciones que derivan de ella.The last decade has seen a rise in the utilization of the dangerousness criterion in the Spanish criminal law. This determined the introduction of the measure of supervised release as a way to respond against certain types of offenders deemed to still pose a risk to the population at time of release. This paper aims to examine this process in depth with the purpose of extracting some of the features of this group of «dangerous» offenders as defined by the Criminal Code. More generally, it aims to gain some insight about which concept of dangerousness lies behind these changes.
LA CONFIGURACIÓN DE LA IMPRUDENCIA COMO «GRAVE» Y «MENOS GRAVE» EN LOS DELITOS DE HOMICIDIO Y LESIONES DE LOS ARTS. 142 Y 152 CP TRAS LA REFORMA DEL CÓDIGO POR LA LO 1/2015: ESPECIAL REFERENCIA A SU CONCEPTUALIZACIÓN EN EL ÁMBITO VIAL
Authors: Rodríguez Moro Luis
Published: January 2020

No cabe duda de que las reformas realizadas en el Código penal por la reciente LO 1/2015, de 30 de marzo, son de enorme trascendencia. Tanto las relativas a la Parte General del Derecho penal como las relativas a los delitos en particular. Si con anterioridad a la reforma los delitos de homicidio y lesiones sancionaban, en los arts. 142 y 152 CP, los cometidos por imprudencia grave y por imprudencia leve, ahora esta segunda categoría desaparece para dejar hueco a la llamada imprudencia menos grave. El presente trabajo tiene como fin analizar esta modificación, conceptualizar la nueva categoría de imprudencia y delimitar su espacio de acción con respecto a la grave, que sigue prevista en el Código, y la leve que expresamente se reconduce al ámbito civil, tal y como indica el Preámbulo de ley reformadora
Review on the Use of Nanofillers in Polyurethane Coating Systems for Different Coating Applications
Authors: Deshmukh Gauri P. , Mahanwar Prakash A.
Published: January 2020

Polyurethane (PU) is the most common, versatile and researched material in the world. It is widely used in many applications such as medical, automotive and industrial fields. It can be found in products such as furniture, coatings, adhesives, construction materials, Paints, elastomers, insulators, elastic fibres, foams, integral skins, etc. because it has extraordinary properties and the facility to tailor-made various formulations according to property requirement using different raw materials which are available. Though the material is having fascinating properties the material is also associated with various problems such as inferior coating properties. Inorganic pigments and fillers are dispersed in organic components and binders to improve different properties of the coating. This paper is intended to review the various nanofillers used in different PU coating systems. It gives a general introduction about the various fillers and it's classification, Mechanism by which the filler enhances the mechanical properties of the materials, various factors which affect the properties of the coatings. Various methods of incorporation of fillers in the coating systems are discussed. Various nanofillers such as SiO2(Silicon Dioxide), TiO2(Titanium Dioxide), AL2O3(Aluminium Oxide), antimony doped tin oxide (ATO), BaSO4(Barium Sulphate), FE2O3(Ferric Oxide) as well as carbon nanotubes, graphene derived fillers and nano-diamonds are discussed in detail. The importance and effect of surface modification of fillers to enhance coating properties are also discussed along with challenges associated with polyurethane coatings and future trends.
Riscos de contaminação e os impactos pela disposição de efluente de laticínios em latossolo vermelho amarelo
Authors: Souza José Antonio Rodrigues de , Moreira Débora Astoni , Silva Éllen Lemes , Oliveira Walisson Marques , Ribeiro Wesley Anderson Siqueira , Mendes Matheus Rocha , Rezende Diego César Veloso , Teixeira Paulo Tárcyo de Resende
Published: January 2020

Objetivou com este estudo, determinar o risco de contaminação e os impactos que podem causar os íons de sódio, potássio, cálcio e magnésio, presentes na água residuária de laticínios, por meio de ensaios em colunas de lixiviação. Para isso, foram montadas colunas a partir da deposição sucessiva de camadas de solo com dois centímetros de espessura e sua posterior compactação no interior do tubo de PVC até formação de uma coluna com 0,15 m de altura, posteriormente foram saturadas com água destilada e utilizando frascos de Mariotte se aplicou as doses correspondentes a zero, 250; 625; 1250; 2500 mg L-1 de Na de efluente de laticínios. Os lixiviados foram coletados, determinando-se as concentrações de Na, Ca, Mg e K por espectrofotometria de absorção atômica. Os resultados dos ensaios em colunas de lixiviação demonstraram a preferência de interação de K>Ca>Na>Mg, independentemente da diluição do efluente, seguindo-se a ordem de reatividade dos íons. Esses resultados alertam o cuidado quanto a disposição deste, uma vez que a interação entre os solutos presentes na água residuária de laticínios com o solo em caso de aplicação inadequada, pode resultar na salinização do solo e até mesmo em salinização do lençol freático devido a lixiviação do sódio.
Crescimento e fotossíntese de dois materiais genéticos do coqueiro submetidos a desfolha artificial
Authors: Jucá Ana Carolina Cavalcante , Castro Gledson Luiz Salgado de , Sousa Denis de Pinho , Conceição Susana Silva , Ribeiro Rafael Coelho , Lins Paulo Manoel Pontes , Carvalho Lana Letícia Barbosa de , Batista Telma Fátima Vieira
Published: January 2020

As mudas do coqueiro podem ser atacadas por várias espécies de insetos, especialmente no viveiro por lagartas desfolhadoras como Opsiphanes invirae, que reduzem o crescimento e aumentam os custos de produção. Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos causados pelo desfolhamento artifical, através dos parâmetros morfofisiológicos em mudas do coqueiro em simulação ao ataque das lagartas de O. invirae. Foram avaliados dois materiais genéticos: Híbrido PB121 e anão verde do Brasil em quatro níveis de desfolha: T0 (tratamento controle), sem desfolhamento; T30 (30% de desfolha); T60 (60% de desfolha) e T90 (90% de desfolha). Foram medidos taxa de assimilação líquida de CO2 (A), condutância estomática (gs), taxa de transpiração (E) e relação carbono intercelular e carbono atmosférico (Ci/Ca), além de área foliar, altura, diâmetro do coleto, massa seca e índice de robustez. Os resultados demonstraram que mudas do coqueiro anão verde do Brasil apresentaram maiores médias para gs, E e Ci/Ca. O tratamento T90 apresentou redução de 17,56% na taxa de assimilação líquida de CO2 (A) comparado ao T0. Por outro lado, o material genético híbrido PB121 apresentou as maiores médias para área foliar, altura, diâmetro do coleto e matéria seca da parte aérea. Não houve interação significativa entre os materiais genéticos e níveis de desfolha (MGxD). Mudas do híbrido PB121 com 30% de desfolha (T30) foram capazes recuperar a área foliar perdida, igualando-se ao tratamento controle (T0). Esse nível de desfolhamento equivale ao consumo de 3 lagartas desfolhadoras/planta, sendo o indicativo biológico para tomadas de decisão de controle no viveiro.
Community as a discursive construct in contemporary Danish singing culture
Authors: Wierød Borčak Lea
Published: January 2020

Community singing—the informal practice of collective singing at social occasions—has traditionally served various societal purposes. Recently, however, new types of community singing events have emerged in Denmark that make the singing act itself the central purpose for gathering rather than an appendage. Such events indicate that community singing is becoming more about participating in a performance and less about consolidating an ideological common ground. On the basis of an analysis of present public discourse, this article pursues the questions of how singing is perceived to construct community, and what kind of community can be formed when the importance of semantic song content fades. In conclusion, it is proposed that modern singing events, rather than merely reinforcing existing communities, now produce self-reliant, musically imagined communities.
Concepciones sobre nutrición vegetal y relaciones tróficas en función del bagaje educativo: implicaciones para el futuro profesorado
Authors: Caño Pérez Lidia
Published: January 2020

Este estudio tiene como objetivos determinar el patrón de preconcepciones sobre ecología de futuros/as maestros/as en función de su perfil de formación y evaluar si ese patrón varía en comparación con el del alumnado recién ingresado en un Grado científico. Para ello se realizó un cuestionario a 273 estudiantes universitarios en un Grado de Educación y en uno científico. En todos los perfiles estudiados se mantuvieron ideas preconcebidas. En el caso del alumnado recién ingresado, aunque no se detectó influencia del tipo de bachillerato cursado, la comprensión de algunos conceptos ecológicos fue más profunda en el alumnado del Grado científico. Sin embargo, la formación recibida durante el Grado de Educación contribuyó a mejorar la comprensión de dichos conceptos por parte del futuro profesorado.
La investigación en Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales en revistas españolas de Ciencias de la Educación. Un análisis bibliométrico (2007-2017)
Authors: Gomez-Carrasco Cosme J. , López-Facal Ramón , Rodriguez-Medina Jairo
Published: January 2020

Se realiza una investigación bibliométrica sobre la producción científica de Didáctica de la Ciencias Sociales (DCS) en revistas españolas de educación. Se han analizado revistas específicas de DCS y otras de temática general indexadas en bases de datos de referencia, como JCR, Scopus o con sello de calidad FECyT. Se han cuantificado y clasificado los artículos, analizando las temáticas y su evolución, así como las instituciones que tienen mayor producción. Los resultados permiten constatar un crecimiento muy importante de la producción, especialmente a partir de 2012. Las temáticas con mayor presencia y que más han crecido son las de educación histórica y educación patrimonial. Se ha visibilizado que la producción está muy concentrada en pocas universidades, entre ellas sobresale la de Murcia. Se concluye que la DCS ha superado la fase emergente y puede considerarse ya como consolidada, aunque tiene como tareas pendientes: el incremento de la producción en revistas de impacto y la mejora de la colaboración en red entre universidades.
Un estudio sobre pensamiento pseudocientífico en estudiantes de educación secundaria
Authors: Quevedo-Ortiz Guillermo , González-García Francisco , Fernández-Ferrer Gracia
Published: January 2020

Se presenta un estudio de la valoración y creencias de un grupo de estudiantes de Educación Secundaria sobre varias pseudociencias. Asimismo, se analizan las opiniones de los estudiantes hacia la superstición y la ciencia, y se incluye una autovaloración del grado de escepticismo. Los datos obtenidos son analizados en función del género de los estudiantes. Los resultados arrojan diferencias significativas por género al valorar algunas pseudociencias. Se realiza una propuesta de intervención educativa para 1º curso de Educación Secundaria en la materia de Biología y Geología con el fin de favorecer el pensamiento crítico, basado en evidencias científicas.
Diversity of large ornithopod dinosaurs in the upper Hauterivian-lower Barremian (Lower Cretaceous) of Teruel (Spain): a morphometric approach
Authors: Verdú Francisco J. , Cobos Alberto , Royo-Torres Rafael , Alcalá Luis
Published: January 2020

We report some large ornithopod vertebrae from two upper Hauterivian-lower Barremian (Lower Cretaceous) localities in El Castellar (Maestrazgo Basin, Teruel,Spain).These fossils have been studied systematically as well as morphometrically using a multivariate analysis in order to analyse the diversity of the sample. In fact, principal component analysis has been demonstrated as a useful tool for establishing affinities in isolated iguanodontian vertebrae, at least when size effect is not removed from the analysed dataset. As result of this study, twolarge indeterminate styracosternans are distinguished in the sample: a large one with platycoelus anterior caudal vertebrae related to the genera Magnamanusand Iguanodon, and a middle-sized one with longer-than-high dorsal vertebrae and amphicoelus anterior caudal vertebrae related to Morelladon. Such diversity of large ornithopods observed in the upper Hauterivian-lower Barremian of the Maestrazgo Basin is similar to that previously observed in Western Cameros Basin and it demonstrates the presence of at least two different forms of styracosternan in this stratigraphic range of the Iberian Peninsula.
Area 2 of primary somatosensory cortex encodes kinematics of the whole arm
Authors: Chowdhury Raeed H , Glaser Joshua I , Miller Lee E
Published: January 2020

Proprioception, the sense of body position, movement, and associated forces, remains poorly understood, despite its critical role in movement. Most studies of area 2, a proprioceptive area of somatosensory cortex, have simply compared neurons’ activities to the movement of the hand through space. Using motion tracking, we sought to elaborate this relationship by characterizing how area 2 activity relates to whole arm movements. We found that a whole-arm model, unlike classic models, successfully predicted how features of neural activity changed as monkeys reached to targets in two workspaces. However, when we then evaluated this whole-arm model across active and passive movements, we found that many neurons did not consistently represent the whole arm over both conditions. These results suggest that 1) neural activity in area 2 includes representation of the whole arm during reaching and 2) many of these neurons represented limb state differently during active and passive movements.
Learning to Hate
Authors: Bloom Mia
Published: January 2020

The chapter will play close attention to the specific mechanisms of how children are targeted through the construction of “cultures of martyrdom” in which participation in all levels of violence (and not just suicide bombing) are lauded and appreciated by a wider community. The use of children’s images to mobilize people to join terrorist movements is especially successful throughout the Middle East and North Africa. These children become martyrs in their community and are celebrated and admired far and wide.
A Sumbiography
Authors: Albrecht Glenn A.
Published: January 2020

A "sumbiography" is the term used in this book to explain the cumulative influences on a life, from childhood to adulthood, which have culminated in the author writing a book about the intimate relationships between humans, other forms of life, and nature. These influences include extended family and the nature writers and their narratives that have come to influence a life. A sumbiography explains how one attains the ability to feel, first hand, the emotional richness of contact with nature. The meaning and importance of the 'sumbios' or living together with nature, people and other beings is what a sumbiography attempts to describe and acknowledge. It 'positions' the writing for the reader.
Solastalgia
Authors: Albrecht Glenn A.
Published: January 2020

This chapter defines the author's term solastalgia as the lived experience of negative environmental change. The origins of this concept are explained via an account of the impact of coal mining in the Upper Hunter Valley of New South Wales in Australia. The derivation of solastalgia from nostalgia (homesickness) and other roots is explained. The original research base of solastalgia is described as are the many applications of the concept world-wide over the last fifteen years since its creation. The applications of solastalgia are examined in academic, popular and cultural contexts, including the domain of ecocriticism. The chapter also considers some critical reflections on the concept since its creation.
The Psychoterratic in the Anthropocene
Authors: Albrecht Glenn A.
Published: January 2020

The Anthropocene, or period of human dominance of nature, is used as a master theme enabling the identification of a set of environmental conditions conducive to negative emotional psychoterratic states. The chapter considers the implications of an 'emotional death' occurring between humans and nature. It then gives an account of the known negative psychoterratic states in the existing literature. In addition to the concepts of nostalgia and solastalgia, negative psychoterratic states in the existing literature, such as biophobia, ecoparalysis, ecoanxiety, ecocide and ecophobia are defined and discussed. New terms, created by the author, such as terrafurie and meteoranxiety are discussed as responses to the growing pressures of the Anthropocene.
Developing a Nature Rx Program on a College Campus
Authors: Donald Rakow
Published: January 2020

The chapter traces the history of how physicians began prescribing time in nature. Steps in developing a campus-based Nature Rx program include: organizing a committed group with broad representation across campus, securing support among top administrators, inventorying available green spaces, engaging students, intentionally partnering with health and counseling services, developing easily usable apps and/or websites, cultivating relationships with relevant academic programs, developing an approach to effectively evaluating the program, identifying challenges, and finally modelling the desired behavior around time in nature.
Darkest Moment
Authors: Ngoei Wen-Qing
Published: January 2020

This chapter treats Japan’s conquest of Southeast Asia as a window to the longer history of Anglo-American perceptions of the region’s interconnectedness. Japanese victories fuelled what would become the domino logic, entwining race with the struggle for ascendancy in the region, preparing the way for U.S. Cold War fixations with the perceived threat from China and its diaspora to Southeast Asia. At base, the domino theory in U.S. policy toward the region arose from apocalyptic visions of China using its diasporic links across Southeast Asia to repeat Imperial Japan’s shocking wartime triumphs over the colonial powers, the most notable of these being the fall of British-controlled Singapore in 1942.
The Best Hope
Authors: Ngoei Wen-Qing
Published: January 2020

This chapter examines how the creation of Malaysia in 1963—the merger of Malaya, Singapore and Britain’s Borneo territories—completed a geostrategic arc of anticommunist states in Southeast Asia, undermined Sukarno’s left-leaning regime in Indonesia, and provided a powerful fillip to U.S. Cold War aims. As Singapore prepared to enter the Malaysian federation, its anticommunist leader, Lee Kuan Yew, incarcerated his main left-wing rivals with repressive policies inherited from British colonial rule. This move ensured Britain’s military bases in Singapore would continue to serve Anglo-American interests. In addition, Britain and Malaysia launched effective diplomatic offensives against Sukarno during the Malaysia-Indonesia Confrontation (Konfrontasi) of the early 1960s, destabilizing the Sukarno regime and paving the way for his ouster and Indonesia’s subsequent alignment America against China and the USSR.
Coda
Authors: Ngoei Wen-Qing
Published: January 2020

This coda concludes the book by examining how the United States and its Southeast Asian allies responded to the fall of Saigon to communist forces in 1975. It shows that the regimes of the arc of containment did not proceed to topple like dominoes to communist factions at home, or bow to Chinese or Soviet power, but instead elected to reinforce their ties with Washington. Equally, U.S. policymakers discerned this “reverse domino effect” across Asia (or so they termed it) and unreservedly renewed American economic, political and military commitments to their allies in the region. Given that the arc of containment underpinned imperial transition and the rise of U.S. empire in Southeast Asia, the coda contends that reversals of the domino theory, not its fulfilment, were the true prevailing motif of American interference in the region’s fraught decolonization after the Pacific War.
Trump, Carrier, and the Invisible Worker
Authors: Martin Christopher
Published: January 2020

Chapter 1 analyzes news media coverage of President-elect Donald Trump’s visit to the Carrier furnace assembly plant in Indianapolis in December 2016. The plant became Trump’s symbolic beachhead in his “plan” to save jobs, only after the steelworkers there gained national visibility for efforts to prevent outsourcing of their jobs to Mexico. The news media, including CNN, Fox News, NBC, and the Washington Post, emphasized stories of grateful white men whose jobs had been saved by Trump, playing into his(and the conservative media’s) public relations narrative. A few news organizations continued to follow the story when Trump’s promises to save jobs at Carrier fell short by hundreds of workers and the local union president accused Trump of lying.
“Job Killers” in the News
Authors: Martin Christopher
Published: January 2020

Chapter 6investigates one outgrowth of the shift in journalism and politics: the rise of the concept of “job killers.” Conservative politicians have successfully coined the term “job killer” for the laws and policies that impede corporate autonomy and unchecked profit-taking. Ironically, these laws (e.g., minimum wage, health care reform, workplace safety rules) are designed to aid the working class. Yet, the term is often uncritically repeated by journalists. The durability of “job killers” as a public concept speaks to a major failure of the press.
Antonioni’s America
Authors: Lewis Jon
Published: January 2020

In January 1967 executives from MGM contracted with European New-Wave icon Michelangelo Antonioni to distribute his Palm d’Or-winning picture Blow-Up in the United States. With the commercial success of that picture, MGM entered into a second contract with Antonioni giving him carte blanche to make an American studio movie about the youth counterculture eventually titled, Zabriskie Point. This chapter evaluates the MGM-Antonioni interlude, emphasizing its historical importance as an early and fraught attempt at an American studio auteur picture revealing an industry on the verge of some very big changes.
Robert Altman
Authors: Sterritt David
Published: January 2020

Robert Altman helped define New Hollywood cinema with the dark comedy film MASH in 1970 and helped close out the era with the surreal 3 Women in 1977. But Altman was an unlikely New Hollywood icon; New Hollywood auteurs were supposed to be young movie brats straight from film school, whereas Altman was a forty-something autodidact who had learned his craft making industrial and educational pictures. This chapter focuses on three of Altman’s most important and influential films: the 1971 western McCabe & Mrs. Miller, which builds extraordinary emotional power while radically revising both the myth of the frontier and a key Hollywood genre; the 1975 musical Nashville, a large-canvas portrait of modern-day American politics, patriotism, popular culture, and celebrity; and the oneiric 3 Women, a small-canvas dreamscape that marks the outer limits of New Hollywood iconoclasm.
City of Losers, Losing City
Authors: Hendershot Heather
Published: January 2020

In 1965, when John Lindsay was elected mayor of New York City, “the ungovernable city” was spiraling economically, and crime rates were on the rise. That same year, only two major films were shot on location in New York. Just two years later, in 1967, forty-two features were shot in the city, for one straightforward reason: the Mayor’s Office of Film, Theatre and Broadcasting. One actor embodied the New Hollywood vision of the city: Al Pacino. This chapter engages with Pacino’s films of this era—spanning from Panic in Needle Park to Cruising, with Dog Day Afternoon as centerpiece—to examine how New York City, which came to symbolize all that was wrong with the American city in the troubled 1970s.
Prologue
Authors: Field Sean L.
Published: January 2020

The prologue to part one explains the rise of Capetian power and rise of Capetian claims to form a saintly bloodline by the time of Philip II’s reign around 1200, and introduces members of the French royal family in the generation of Louis IX.
Marguerite Porete and Margueronne of Bellevillette
Authors: Field Sean L.
Published: January 2020

In 1308 two women faced ecclesiastical questioning in Paris. The first, Marguerite Porete, was from Hainaut. Her offense was possessing or recopying her book, which had been condemned already in Cambrai. She remained imprisoned in Paris for a year and a half, refusing to swear an oath and respond to questions posed by her inquisitor, William of Paris. The other woman, Margueronne of Bellevillette, was arrested in Champagne as part of the group around bishop Guichard of Troyes that was accused of having used sorcery to murder Queen Jeanne of Navarre. These two women were caught up on the edges of larger ecclesiastical processes against the Order of the Temple and Bishop Guichard, entangled Philip IV’s relentless drive to consolidate political and religious power. Marguerite Porete was ultimately burned at the stake, while Margueronne of Bellevillette was locked away and seemingly forgotten once her usefulness as a witness against Guichard of Troyes had expired.
Introduction
Authors: Byers Andrew
Published: January 2020

This chapter provides an overview of why the U.S. Army sought to address perceived problems caused by soldiers’ sexual interactions with civilians and other soldiers as the army deployed across the Caribbean and into the Pacific and Europe in the early twentieth century. Military planners, army leaders, War Department officials, and civilian observers of the military were intensely concerned about issues related to sexuality because they tended to believe that soldiers had irrepressible sexual needs that could cause harm to the army. The army also believed that by instituting a series of legal regulations and medical interventions, it could mitigate the damages to the institution arising from sex, while also shaping soldiers’ sexuality in ways the army and interested civilian parties might find more acceptable. The chapter describes the research methodology and chapter overviews for the book as a whole.
“Complete Continence Is Wholly Possible”
Authors: Byers Andrew
Published: January 2020

This chapter examines U.S. Army deployments to France during the First World War and the occupations of France and Germany in the aftermath of the war. At the outset of American involvement in World War I, army and War Department officials were especially concerned with how they might cope with an anticipated venereal epidemic, and how to deal with expected problems from romantic fraternization between American soldiers and the European women they would encounter while deployed. This chapter also examines uses the experiences of the American Expeditionary Forces to illuminate differing conceptions of masculinity and sexual propriety for the officer corps and enlisted men.
Ongoing Concerns with Soldiers’ Sexualities and Sexual Cultures
Authors: Byers Andrew
Published: January 2020

The conclusion argues that the U.S. Army first attempted to gain control of almost all aspects of soldiers’ sexuality and then tried to carefully manage and regulate that sexual economy to best fulfill the army’s missions. In the process, it created a new kind of militant masculinity, one especially encouraged for enlisted soldiers. As a guiding principle, army leaders often used the notion of “military necessity” to shape their actions in controlling soldiers’ sexuality. They suppressed soldiers’ sexual behaviors and expressions that they perceived as running counter to the good of the service or creating inefficiencies and encouraged those aspects of sexual identity that the army believed benefited the service. The army’s efforts, which took shape in very different ways, depending on the time period and geographic context, were resisted by many soldiers and their sexual partners, who sought sexual expressions that sometimes ran counter to the army’s institutional goals.
Uncovering the Nature and Tensions of Inclusion and Labor Relations
Authors: Connolly Heather , Marino Stefania , Lucio Miguel Martínez
Published: January 2020

This chapter introduces the employment relations and migration contexts for each of our countries and outlines the research methodology. We locate the discussion in the period since the 1970s, with a particular focus on the late 1990s through to the early 2010s. To this extent we traverse a period of increasing - and changing - immigration patterns, as well as the emergence of a significant crisis within the context of capitalism and new forms of xenophobia. The research conducted by the authors was financed mainly by the Leverhulme Trust (2008-12) and in part by the Economic and Social Research Council (both British-based national funding bodies).
Trade Unions and Immigration in the UK
Authors: Connolly Heather , Marino Stefania , Lucio Miguel Martínez
Published: January 2020

This chapter examines the responses of UK trade unions to immigrant workers and their role in integrating them into both trade unions and the wider society. In the UK, the dominant strategies and responses have focused on organising immigrant workers and support for the inclusion of immigrant and BAME workers, particularly in terms of self-organisation and inclusion through learning and training strategies. The tradition, albeit changing, of voluntarism in the UK, where there is less of a role for the state in labour relations more broadly, has meant there has been a lack of collective regulation and state-led inclusion strategies in relation to the social inclusion and integration of immigrants. According to the analytical framework presented in Chapter 1, the dominant logic of action of British trade unions was between class and race/ethnicity.
The Geometry of Trade Union Responses to Immigration and the Politics of Inclusion
Authors: Connolly Heather , Marino Stefania , Lucio Miguel Martínez
Published: January 2020

In this concluding chapter we argue that there is no clear path to renewal and inclusion - and hence solidarity. It may be that political narratives underpinning developments are important, and how they help frame common responses, but the idea of a uniform, standard response or apolitical solution around a particular view of organising is not the way forward. We need to look much more closely at how the nature of the state and projects of social inclusion are framing responses and in terms of facilitating trade union roles in relation to immigration or creating new views and points of development through agitation or radical approaches.
Barracks
Authors: McCurdy John Gilbert
Published: January 2020

This chapter explores the alternative quarters the American colonists sought for the North American Establishment, describing how massive barracks arose in the four largest American cities and several smaller towns in 1756-58. Following a history of barracks since ancient times, it explains the effects that barracks had on urban locales, colonists, and soldiers, as well as what happened in places that did not have barracks. The conclusion of the French and Indian War brought Canada, Florida, and the backcountry into the British Empire, which raised new questions about quartering as few of these places had barracks. Although the removal of the British army from the American colonies emptied the urban barracks, events like the Paxton Boys raids of 1763-64 put control of the military infrastructure at odds with the military geography of the colonies.
Epilogue
Authors: McCurdy John Gilbert
Published: January 2020

This chapter concludes the book by asking what effects quartering in Revolutionary America has had on US history. Opposition to quartering appeared in the Declaration of Independence and informed the Third Amendment to the US Constitution, but the Americans also ignored restraints on quartering during the Revolutionary War and have never tested the Third Amendment before the US Supreme Court. However, the ideas of place that appeared between 1754 and 1775 because of quartering have continued to inform American ideas about military geography as well as places like the home, city, and nation.
Growing Up in the Age of Roosevelt
Authors: vanden Heuvel William
Published: January 2020

This chapter tells the story of Ambassador vanden Heuvel's boyhood and family life in Rochester, New York. The son of immigrants, he grew up in the boarding house run by his Belgian mother, Alberta. His Dutch father, Joost, was a labourer in a local factory. He describes the vibrant life of his close family and immigrant neighbourhood in the years before World War II. A precocious personality, he showed a passion for politics at a young age, handing out fliers for FDR and meeting Eleanor Roosevelt. He excelled in school, graduating high school at 15 and gaining a place at Deep Springs College in California. From there he enrolled at Cornell University and Cornell Law School, where he was editor of the Law Review. Upon graduation, he joined the law firm of General William J. "Wild Bill" Donovan and enlisted in the Air Force as the Korean War was in full force.
RFK, Prince Edward County, and the Revolution for Justice
Authors: vanden Heuvel William
Published: January 2020

This chapter tells the story of Ambassador vanden Heuvel's meeting and subsequent close working relationship with Robert F. Kennedy. Appointed assistant attorney general at the Justice Department in 1962, he was tasked by the Attorney General with re-opening the public schools in Prince Edward County, Virginia, after four years of closure due to local officials' resistance to desegregation after Brown v. Board of Education. His efforts led to the creation of the Prince Edward County Free Schools, which opened in September 1963. After President John F. Kennedy's assassination two months later, vanden Heuvel remained with RFK at the Justice Department, eventually working with his campaign for Senator and then president. Along the way, he travelled extensively with RFK in South America and Europe. He includes his speech commemorating the 50th anniversary of the closing of the Prince Edward County Schools.
The Roosevelt Legacy
Authors: vanden Heuvel William
Published: January 2020

This chapter describes the impact of Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt on Ambassador vanden Heuvel's life and politics. He provides a brief biography of FDR and recounts his experiences with Mrs. Roosevelt, from shaking her hand when he was a boy to working with her on political and social issues as an adult. He tells the story of his participation in celebrating the legacy of FDR through the creation of the FDR Memorial in Washington, DC and the international Four Freedoms Awards. He presents two speeches, the first examining the legacy of the three Roosevelts – Theodore, Franklin and Eleanor – on American life and politics, the second detailing the close relationship between FDR and President Lyndon B. Johnson. The chapter ends with details of Ambassador vanden Heuvel's role in the creation of the Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Park in New York City.
Race Making
Authors: Gosin Monika
Published: January 2020

Chapter 1 provides background for understanding the contentious interethnic relations explored in the book. It details Miami’s turbulent Jim Crow history, the historical forces that brought Cubans to Miami, and the clashes that would arise between white Anglos, Cubans, and African-Americans. The chapter illustrates how racist forces and ideologies of worthy citizenship imposed a strict separation between the categories of “African-American” and “Cuban,” and “black” and “white” in Miami, despite the actual heterogeneity of people placed in these categories. The chapter argues that three dominant race-making frames involved in the creation of worthy citizenship, traditionally utilized by whites to divide themselves from groups of color, become useful for racialized groups when they are faced with political, economic, and social instability. Using the case of Miami, the chapter illuminates how histories of white colonial and settler domination, and ideologies that justify such domination, are connected to interethnic conflict writ large.
And Justice for All?
Authors: Gosin Monika
Published: January 2020

Chapter 3 analyzes African-American responses to the Mariel boatlift in the Miami Times, a local black newspaper. The boatlift immediately followed the McDuffie Riot, an African-American uprising against the latest incident of police brutality. As the local government turned their attention to the large Cuban influx, some African-Americans feared Miami’s white dominant infrastructure would continue to ignore their concerns. The chapter reveals that the Times endorsed the idea that blacks and white Anglo were the “real Americans” and that Cubans, constructed as white, were receiving preferential treatment over black Haitian migrants. The chapter argues that the seeming disdain for Cuban immigration was a symptom of a pressing desire to challenge white supremacy and promote greater equality for all blacks in U.S. culture. However, the larger presence of Afro-Cubans among the new Cuban refugees forced African-Americans to reexamine modes of solidarity that decide group membership according to a black/white racial frame.
Syndemic Diabetes
Authors: Mendenhall Emily
Published: January 2020

This chapter begins with Esther's story, a woman residing in Nairobi who confronts convergent social and health conditions from food insecurity to diabetes, HIV, and financial stress. The story demonstrates how a global story of diabetes overlooks the unique social, political, and cultural factors that produce diabetes from place to place. The chapter positions the book within the anthropological literature on diabetes and social suffering and introduces the idea that diabetes is always "syndemic" – or convergent with social and health problems. The chapters suggests that social pathways link arduous life experiences with biological risk, revealing important psychophysiological pathways between social stress and metabolic distress. The chapter also introduces the book, a multi-method study of diabetes among low-income communities in the United States, India, South Africa, and Kenya.
The Consequences of Coercion in Badakhshan
Authors: Bradford James Tharin
Published: January 2020

This chapter examines what led to the 1958 ban of opium in Badakhshan. After 1945, Afghanistan began a concerted effort to be ratified by the international drug control regime as a legal producer of opium for the global pharmaceutical trade. Although there was some support for Afghanistan, Mohammad Daud Khan abruptly announced a ban and eradication of all opium in Badakhshan province in 1958. This chapter examines the internal and external forces that shaped the implementation of the ban, and the consequences of the ban. Internally, Daud chose to eradicate crops in Badakhsan, not in three other opium producing provinces, mainly because it was inhabited by Tajiks, an ethnic minority which could not threaten the stability of the Afghan government. Daud also recognized that the international community was well aware opium’s importance to the Badakhshan economy, and would increase economic development aid and assistance to the Afghan government.
Transforming Ussuri
Authors: Park Alyssa M.
Published: January 2020

This chapter explores how Ussuri, the most populous district of the Maritime Province, was settled by Koreans, Russians, and Chinese. It accounts for state-directed migration programs that pulled or pushed each ethnic group and other significant factors that shaped patterns of mobility, including the environment, geography, and cross-border networks. Each group’s experience of migration and settlement was guided by a distinct set of circumstances. Most Russians who settled in the Maritime came from the Black Sea region and traveled through state resettlement programs. Chinese migration was cyclical and temporary in nature; Chinese tended to labor on large-scale enterprises in the frontier economy of the Russian Far East. Koreans were the most natural colonists in the Maritime. They worked and settled primarily in the countryside. The close proximity of Korea and established population base of Koreans in Ussuri facilitated the rise of seasonal migration and of cross-border networks.
Arrival
Authors: Yarrow Thomas
Published: January 2020

Tomas picks me up from Stroud railway station to take me to the office of Millar Howard Workshop (MHW), where his architectural practice is based. It’s the first hot day of the year; suddenly summer is here. On the way we tour through the center of town. Victorian buildings have a faded grandeur hearkening back to the town’s heyday when the woolen industry brought prosperity to Stroud. Boarded-up storefronts, charity shops, and discount stores sit next to high street chains. Though Stroud is in the Cotswolds, a place synonymous with an English pastoral idyll, it is not quite of it. We proceed along the valley bottom, following the railway, the canal, and the stream, the infrastructure of a nineteenth-century economy of a bygone era. The woolen mills closed long ago; some factory buildings remain derelict while others have been converted to serve an economy that now revolves around services, retail, and small-scale manufacturing: garages, a bike shop, a craft brewery, artists’ studios, some light engineering. The money now resides in the surrounding villages, whose population of retirees and commuters is growing, a wealthy demographic from which most of Tomas’s clients are drawn....
Between Person and Profession
Authors: Yarrow Thomas
Published: January 2020

What is the relationship between the personal and professional life of an architect? How do architects’ working lives relate to the lives they live outside work? What kind of person does it take to be an architect? And what kind of person does architecture make people become?...
Questions of Vocation
Authors: Yarrow Thomas
Published: January 2020

Now in his sixties, David reflects on his architecture and his life from the other end of his career. He remains an affiliate of the practice but is now semiretired, mostly working on his own to the extent he continues to do so. As in Rosy’s life, there are questions about the relationship between his life and work, and even some doubts, but David’s are more directed backward than forward, more about what he has done than what he will do....
Building Friendship
Authors: Yarrow Thomas
Published: January 2020

Tom and Tomas trace the genesis of their interests in making through different personal experiences but also through their subsequent involvements in each other’s lives. A friendship that developed, in part, out of a common interest in making was given impetus through a practical exploration of these ideas. Tom explains: “We both realized we lived near here, had long holidays, we both liked making things, and we probably had very similar architectural sensibilities. We both liked and valued similar things, so we ended up building a tree house for someone.”...
Reflection: Architectural Lives
Authors: Yarrow Thomas
Published: January 2020

In A Fortunate Man, a vivid and moving account of a medical general practitioner working in a rural part of England in the 1960s, John Berger describes the lived realities of a vocational ideal. Despite numerous routine difficulties, Sassell, the focus of the account, “is nevertheless a fortunate man doing what he wants. Or more accurately what he wishes to pursue. Sometimes the pursuit involves strain and disappointment, but in itself it is his unique source of satisfaction. Like an artist or like anybody else who believes that his work justifies his life, Sassell … is a fortunate man.”...
A Feel For Place
Authors: Yarrow Thomas
Published: January 2020

Where do ideas come from?

I ask Tom. “Yes, where do they come from?” he asks himself, giving the question some thought. “A lot of my ideas come when I’m wandering around a place. I’ve gone to see a client or I’m there surveying. Just being in a place, trying to work out where I want to be, what I want to be looking at, what I want to not be looking at or be protected from, what I want to get rid of. Yes, definitely, a lot of it comes from just sitting, being in a place.”...
Between Reality and Possibility
Authors: Yarrow Thomas
Published: January 2020

In the late 1970s, David’s life took an unexpected turn when he happened upon an article about the newly emergent area of computer microprocessing. Following “an instinct for excitement,” he decided on a change of career. Later, following that same instinct, he returned to architecture (as we saw in ...
Acts of Design
Authors: Yarrow Thomas
Published: January 2020

Often I watch the architects at work, captivated by the process through which designs develop and evolve. Much of this happens in silence. Eyes concentrate on screens, computer-generated images of more or less realized structures moved and remade through barely perceptible movements of the mouse. The movement of hand on tracing paper seems a more literal relationship—eye-arm-hand-pencil-paper—but the question of what it is that animates the process is no less enigmatic. Asked where their designs come from, architects offer thoughtful reflections but confess their own uncertainty about a process that is both familiar and mysterious: “total magic,” as Megan once put it during a group discussion in the office; “something comes from nothing!”...
Magic Moments
Authors: Yarrow Thomas
Published: January 2020

Tomas and Megan are reflecting together on a kind of time that Megan calls “magic”: those moments in design when suddenly something exciting happens. In a moment, it can seem that a whole design is unlocked. Why, they wonder together, is it not possible for more of their time to have this quality?...
Listen: Angst in Architecture
Authors: Yarrow Thomas
Published: January 2020

Rob and Megan are talking about angst in architecture: what is it, and where does it come from, they wonder together.

ROB:

There’s a broad, general, underlying angst, and I think you get a day-to-day angst which is more like you’ve got a big list of things, you’ve got a lot of different projects to move forward, at different stages, and sometimes there’s a design problem that you can’t quite figure out how to do it. You sit there, but you just can’t quite see it. I think in the past a lot of that angst has come from me not being confident, and so not knowing when to just go and ask someone, or when to pick up the phone or call a friend. Do you know what I mean? It’s that feeling of “I don’t quite know how to resolve this.”...