bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reading men’s experiences of balancing work and family life through the lens of semiotic cultural approach to life-course transitions
Authors: Campbell Nicholas , Märtsin Mariann , Rodwell David
Published: February 2022

Becoming a parent is one of the most important transitional experiences in adulthood that has significant implications for new parents’ mental and physical health and psychosocial development. A growing body of research examines how men transition to fatherhood and balance their work and family obligations in complex contemporary societies. However, this phenomenological evidence remains under-theorised from the life-course development perspective. In this paper, a semiotic cultural approach to life-course transitions is used to explore how a sample of educated and employed Australian men in heterosexual relationships experienced and made sense of their fatherhood and work and family conflicts. Thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with 20 fathers highlights how these fathers attempt to navigate between multiple, ambiguous and sometimes contradictory societal expectations about fatherhood, while also struggling to balance their desires to be a ‘good father’ with their wives and partners’ attempts to be a ‘good mother’, thus evidencing the weak cultural guidance of transition to fatherhood. The analysis shifts the focus away from developmental outcomes and moves towards understanding the semiotic processes through which development occurs in the complex intertwinement between person and their environment. The discussion of men’s dilemmas about fatherhood also underscores the future orientation of human development and highlights how persons are actively and intentionally involved in this movement towards an unpredictable but imagined future.
How stable are ‘left’ and ‘right’? A morphological analysis using open-ended survey responses of parliamentary candidates
Authors: Jankowski Michael , Schneider Sebastian H , Tepe Markus
Published: February 2022

The left–right scale is widely used to measure ideological orientation. Relying on Freeden's approach to political ideology as a ‘conceptual morphology’, we argue that the meaning of ‘left’ and ‘right’ may change, but these changes are more likely for peripheral than core concepts. To test this argument, we analyze open-ended questions on the meaning of ‘left’ and ‘right’ included in two waves of surveys of German parliamentary candidates collected before and after the 2015 European migration crisis. The empirical results based on Structural Topic Models show that the candidates’ party affiliation colours the connotations of political concepts. In particular, we find that the core concepts ascribed to the meaning of left and right remained stable, while changes occurred with one peripheral concept in particular, namely, ‘Racism’, which is most often ascribed to the term ‘right’. We conclude that morphological analysis can help better understand the concurrency of change and stability in ideological orientations and provides a fruitful linkage between electoral research and political theory.
Charming work: An ethnography of an indie game studio
Authors: Pelletier Caroline
Published: February 2022

Based on data generated from an ethnography in a video game studio, this article contributes to research on gender and game work by presenting an analysis of the studio’s ethos and aesthetics. The studio’s employees described the company and the games it made in terms of their charm, and related this explicitly to its ‘diverse’ hiring practices and the company’s identity as ‘indie’. I explore how the notion of charm was applied to a game, a game company, and game developer or employee, by tracing continuities and discontinuities across three types of data: field memos written whilst visiting the studio; conversations with employees; and a game diary based on a play through of one of the studio’s games under development during fieldwork. Drawing on Sontag’s notes on camp, Ngai’s work on cute aesthetics and Born’s research on the institutionalization of aesthetic discourse, I analyse ‘charming’ as a distinct sensibility within contemporary game culture which is symptomatic of the breakdown of straightforward gender binaries and the commercialization of ‘amateur’ or independent game-making. The article builds on existing research about the social significance of aesthetic genres in game culture, notably retrogrames and the appeal of nostalgia in indie games. It also locates games within debates about contemporary aesthetic experiences shaped and sustained by global digital media and their associated production cultures.
Physical education in a post-COVID world: A blended-gamified approach
Authors: Blain Dylan Owen , Standage Martyn , Curran Thomas
Published: February 2022

How does the education sector recover following the disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic? Much enthusiasm exists to imagine how teaching practices can be enriched within the so-called ‘new normal.’ The physical and mental health benefits associated with school physical education have attracted considerable attention during the pandemic. Capitalizing on the raised awareness of the many positive contributions of school physical education, a pressing priority is to now reengage children with physical activity in a manner that promotes enjoyable experiences and adaptive engagement with movement. In this paper, we draw from self-determination theory, physical literacy theory and socioecological perspectives to present the case for blended-gamified approaches as a means of reimagining physical education in a post-pandemic world. To support all young people to lead healthy and active lifestyles, we propose the use of a systematic and evidence-based approach to programme development, evaluation and implementation. Such an approach will aid in establishing what works, when, for whom and in which context.
An interview-based evaluation of an Indigenous traditional spirituality program at an urban American Indian health clinic
Authors: Pham Tony V , Pomerville Andrew , Burrage Rachel L. , Gone Joseph P.
Published: February 2022

American Indians suffer from disproportionately high rates of mental health problems. Professional therapies may not meet the specific mental health needs of American Indians, owing to cultural mismatch and long histories of political disempowerment. Instead, Indigenous traditional spiritual practices are often promoted as alternative sources of health and help in these communities. In response to a community needs assessment, we developed a 12-week traditional spirituality curriculum in partnership with the urban American Indian health clinic in Detroit. Centered on the sweat lodge ceremony, the program was pilot tested with 10 community members. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine participants following the program. Based on our analyses, all participants endorsed responses within two overarching themes: impact on personal well-being, and suggestions for improvement reflecting their desire for an ongoing program. Participant responses about the program’s impact comprised four themes: (1) improved psychological and spiritual well-being, (2) community benefit, (3) increase in cultural knowledge, and (4) a desire for further learning and sharing. Participant responses about their desire for an ongoing program also comprised four themes: (1) drop-in classes may be more practical as regular attendance was difficult for some, (2) future classes should include more areas of knowledge, (3) the program could be expanded to include more knowledge-holders and perspectives, and (4) the program should include a progression of classes to accommodate more diversity. Overall, participants reported benefit from participation in Indigenous spiritual practices; however, the program can be improved by further adapting the curriculum to the sometimes-challenging lives of its participants.
A numerical study on changes in air temperature around buildings due to retrofits in existing residential districts
Authors: Li Ruixu , Zhang Weirong , Qiu Luo , Zhang Huibo
Published: February 2022

Cities comprise many residential districts, facing environment and energy problems. Therefore, the retrofit of these existing residential districts is the main part of city renewal. Some retrofit strategies may affect the thermal microclimate environment and lead to changes in the energy demand of buildings. Few studies had evaluated these retrofit effects, which has brought the motivation for this study, to determine the microclimate changes surrounding buildings due to residential district retrofits and the corresponding impact on the cooling load of buildings. The most general retrofit strategies were selected, including greening rate, ground pavement materials, wall materials and roof materials. They were applied to a prediction model for the selected residential district in the simulation tool. The mean reduction of air temperature around the building has been used to evaluate the impact of retrofit strategies on the microclimate in the district. The results showed that greening had the greatest impact on the mean air temperature around buildings, followed by the pavement material, the roof and the wall material. Ground greening, wall material and roof material decreased the total cooling load, while pavement material increased it.
Digital transformation in medical education: Factors that influence readiness
Authors: Althubaiti Alaa , Tirksstani Jumanah M , Alsehaibany Aljawharah A , Aljedani Raghd S , Mutairii Arwa M , Alghamdi Nada A
Published: February 2022

Digital transformation has become inseparable from education, and its implementation has broadly increased due to the increased adoption of e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study evaluated the levels and influence of computer anxiety and digital readiness for academic engagement among undergraduate students. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 272 medical students enrolled in a medicine program. Two previously validated instruments were adopted. We examined the association between students’ sociodemographic variables, internet use, and perceived academic performance during e-learning and their computer anxiety and digital readiness. The results show a significant effect of gender, age, and internet use on students’ computer anxiety and digital readiness. Males’ information-sharing behavior and skills outperformed those of females, and students’ computer anxiety decreased with increasing age. In addition, the results indicate that the greater the students’ internet use, the better their digital readiness for academic engagement. Furthermore, computer anxiety and digital readiness affect students’ perceptions of their academic performance in e-learning. The rapid rate of technological advancements and the integration of e-learning into education means that careful attention must be paid to student characteristics as well as their skills. This will allow educators to create a successful, personalized learning framework.
Digital togetherness as everyday resistance: The use of new media in addressing work exploitation in rural areas
Authors: Li Yao-Tai
Published: February 2022

The literature on spatial-temporal barriers shows that temporary migrant workers are vulnerable to exploitation and has concentrated on how they utilize new media to address underpayment and exploitation. These studies, however, have left unexplored the agency, temporality, and spatial considerations that underpin why workers prefer to activate “informal” mechanisms of complaint rather than accessing “formal” channels of redress, such as the Fair Work Ombudsman or labor unions. Using Working Holiday Makers in Australia as an example, this article focuses on digital togetherness generated through new media. I argue that digital interactions on new media platforms not only change the spatial-temporal limit of temporary migrant workers, but also create digital togetherness and connect workers with different imagined others (customers, arriving migrant workers, and workers who are facing exploitation). This connection can become an everyday resistance strategy, a remedy to space–time limits, and potentially challenge asymmetrical power relations between workers and employers.
Influence of bone marrow characteristic and trabecular bone morphology on bone remodelling process with FSI approach
Authors: Rabiatul AAR , Rianti Devi , Fatihhi SJ , Md Saad Amir Putra , Zakaria Zulfadzli , Yuliati Anita , Harun MN , Kadir MRA , Öchsner Andreas , Kamarul Tunku , Saqr Khalid M , Syahrom Ardiyansyah
Published: February 2022

While doing daily physiological activities, the trabecular bone will experience a certain amount of deformation which leads to the bone marrow movement. The movement can affect the bone remodelling process and the properties of the bone itself. The bone marrow plays a role as a hydraulic stiffening of the trabecular structure. However, previous studies analysed on trabecular bone and bone marrow separately, which is not considered as the actual condition. Thus, it is crucial to consider combine analyses of the bone marrow with the trabecular structure simultaneous. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of bone marrow on the mechanical environment and the structure of trabecular bone during normal walking loading. Hence, this study used the Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) approach as a finite element method to discover the effect of bone marrow to the trabecular structure and vice versa. The findings show the shear stress value along normal walking phase was found in a range of 0.01–0.27 Pa which is sufficient to regulated cell response minimally. This study provides insight into understanding the related mechanobiological responds towards supply of nutrients onto bone cells.
Stochastic fatigue life prediction in C/SiC composites at elevated temperature by micromechanics-based damage model
Authors: Li Longbiao
Published: February 2022

In this paper, a micromechanical approach is developed to predict the fatigue life and fracture process in different C/SiC composites subjected to different stochastic fatigue loading spectrums at elevated temperatures. Three types of stochastic fatigue load spectrums are considered in the fatigue life prediction at elevated temperature, that is, constant, increasing, and decreasing stochastic stress with cycles. Stress distribution between intact and broken fibers and the broken fibers fraction under stochastic fatigue loading spectrum are determined using the Global Load Sharing criterion considering multiple fatigue damage mechanisms at elevated temperatures. A new damage parameter of fatigue life degradation rate is developed to characterize the effect of stochastic loading on fatigue damage and fracture in C/SiC composites. Relationships between stochastic fatigue loading spectrum, broken fibers fraction, fatigue life, and fatigue life degradation rate in different C/SiC composite are established. Effects of stochastic fatigue loading spectrum type, stress level, and testing temperature on fatigue life degradation rate are discussed. The fatigue life degradation rate is very sensitive to the fiber preform, loading sequence, and testing temperature.
A Survivorship Educational Tool for Latino Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Survivors
Authors: Casillas Jacqueline N. , Bolano Carl , Schwartz Lindsay F. , Ganz Patricia A. , Kahn Katherine , Stuber Margaret , Bastani Roshan , Morales Sonia , Macadangdang Joshua , Lidington Emma K. , Quintana Karla , Gonzalez Amri , Casas Esther , Barboa Elvia
Published: February 2022

Background

Low receipt of survivorship care by Latino adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors necessitates development of age-appropriate and culturally tailored interventions aimed at increasing their perceived need for survivorship care.

Method

This study describes the development and acceptability testing of a culturally tailored intervention, a photonovela, as part of a community-partnered participatory research (CPPR) project. A four-step approach to the photonovela’s development was implemented: (a) literature review, (b) RAND-modified Delphi method, (c) photonovela booklet development, and (d) photonovela acceptability testing through focus groups. Using the CPPR approach, community and academic experts and members worked together at all stages of this project to identify educational domains for the photonovela and ensure that community views and scientific knowledge were equally represented.

Results

Cancer survivors and their families described the photonovela as entertaining and relatable. Its story positively reflected their own experiences, and they connected strongly with its characters. Acceptability testing of the photonovela played a significant role in its final script and content, and provided additional new insights into understanding survivorship care perspectives for Latino AYA survivors and their families.

Conclusion

Equal and shared community and academic involvement through CPPR is essential in identifying unique needs and developing culturally acceptable educational interventions for Latino AYA cancer survivors. The photonovela was seen as an important educational resource in enhancing knowledge and increasing perceived need for survivorship care in this population.
Effecting factors on electrical resistance of conductive paths
Authors: Erdem Akgün Duygu
Published: February 2022

Wearable electronics, wearable devices, and wearable technology concepts are gaining more importance day by day. With the developments in conductive and electronic industry which can be used in the clothing manufacturing, smart garments category look set to expand in terms of wearable offerings. There are different pathways to make a garment smart and, in all circumstances, there is a need for a path for connection between conductive components. This could be provided by cables conventionally or conductive paths can be utilized. Usually conductive fabrics, conductive printing and conductive yarns are used to create conductive paths. When using conductive yarns sewing is the most preferred technique for both electronic component and conductive path production. In this study, conductive paths are generated using different conductive yarns, stitch types, stitch densities, and thread positions and the effect of these parameters on electrical resistance values were investigated. Results showed that conductive thread type, stitch density, and conductive thread position are significant factors on electrical resistance values.
Iliac Artery Endoconduits Should be the Preferred Adjunctive Access Procedure to Facilitate Complex Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair
Authors: Siada Sammy , Malgor Emily A. , Al-Musawi Mohammed , Giannopoulos Stefanos , Jacobs Donald L. , Malgor Rafael D.
Published: February 2022

Background

Iliac artery anatomy can have a dramatic impact on the success of endovascular complex aortic aneurysm (CAA) procedures as endograft delivery systems need to be advanced and manipulated through these access vessels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of iliac artery conduits with emphasizes on open vs endovascular conduits performed to facilitate CAA endovascular repair.

Methods

All patients who had open or endovascular iliac conduits prior to endovascular CAA repair to treat thoracoabdominal, juxtarenal, or suprarenal aneurysms at the University of Colorado Hospital from January 2009 through January 2019 were included. Patients who presented with symptomatic or ruptured aortic aneurysms were excluded. Outcomes of interest included postoperative complications and mortality in patients undergoing iliac conduits.

Results

Twenty-seven patients with a total of 42 conduits were included in the study. The majority of patients ( N = 15, 56%) were female and the average age was 72 ± 9 years. The calculated VQI cardiac index was .6% (range, .3%–.8%). Eighteen (43%) endovascular and 24 (57%) open iliac conduits were performed during the study period. Thirty (71%) conduits were performed in a staged fashion, while 12 (29%) were performed at the same time as endovascular CAA repair. The mean time between conduit and definitive aneurysm repair surgery was 130 ± 68 days in the endovascular and 107 ± 79 days in the open groups ( P = .87). No aneurysm rupture occurred during the staging period in either group. The median follow-up for the entire cohort was 18 ± 22 months. The median length of hospital stay for patients undergoing endovascular and open ICs was 6 (ranging, 1–28 days) and 7 days (ranging, 3–18 days), respectively. Patients undergoing open conduits had significantly more complications than those undergoing endovascular conduit (endoconduit) creation. A total of 4 (15%) patients died within 30 days after aneurysm repair. Out of 23 survivors, 18 (78%) patients were discharged home, 4 (18%) patients were discharged to a skilled nursing facility, and 1 (4%) patient was discharged to an acute rehabilitation facility. No mortality difference based on type of conduit was found.

Conclusions

Overall complication rate associated with creation of open iliac artery conduits is not negligible. Endoconduits, which carry less morbidity than open conduits, are preferred as a first-line adjunctive access procedure to facilitate complex endovascular aortic aneurysm repair.
Modeling Contingency in Veteran Community Reintegration: A Mixed Methods Approach
Authors: Rattray Nicholas A. , Miech Edward J. , True Gala , Natividad Diana , Laws Brian , Frankel Richard M. , Kukla Marina
Published: February 2022

Researchers need approaches for analyzing complex phenomena when assessing contingency relationships where specific conditions explain an outcome only when combined with other conditions. Using a mixed methods design, we paired configurational methods and qualitative thematic analysis to model contingency in veteran community reintegration outcomes, identifying combinations of conditions that led to success or lack of success in community reintegration among US military veterans. This pairing allowed for modeling contingency at a detailed level beyond the capabilities of either approach alone. Our analysis revealed multiple contingent relationships at work in explaining reintegration, including social support, purpose, cultural adjustment, and military separation experiences. This study contributes to the field of mixed methods by pairing a mathematical cross-case method with a qualitative method to model contingency.
A low-cost single-motor-driven climbing robot based on overrunning spring clutch mechanisms
Authors: Liu Yuwang , Yang Tao , Wang Dongqi , Yu Yi
Published: February 2022

Forestry monitoring and high-voltage cable inspection demand on low-cost climbing robots. The proposed climbing robot has simple control and low cost, enabling loaded, which drives by a single motor. Based on the overrunning spring clutch mechanisms, two motions of holding and climbing are realized by one motor. A rope-driven gripper is for adaptive enveloping holding effectively and a thron wheel is used to attach the climbing surface and stable climbing. The design parameters of the overrunning spring clutch mechanism and the rope-driven gripper are determined. The prototype and experiment setup are built. The enveloping holding experiment is carried out to verify the holding stability and shape adaptability of the rope-driven gripper. The trunk and pipe climbing experiments verify the climbing performance of the climbing robot and its application prospects with a certain load. In the future, as a low-cost climbing robot, a camera or operating mechanism can be equipped for tasks.
Beyond Experiments
Authors: Diener Ed , Northcott Robert , Zyphur Michael J. , West Stephen G.
Published: February 2022

It is often claimed that only experiments can support strong causal inferences and therefore they should be privileged in the behavioral sciences. We disagree. Overvaluing experiments results in their overuse both by researchers and decision makers and in an underappreciation of their shortcomings. Neglect of other methods often follows. Experiments can suggest whether X causes Y in a specific experimental setting; however, they often fail to elucidate either the mechanisms responsible for an effect or the strength of an effect in everyday natural settings. In this article, we consider two overarching issues. First, experiments have important limitations. We highlight problems with external, construct, statistical-conclusion, and internal validity; replicability; and conceptual issues associated with simple X causes Y thinking. Second, quasi-experimental and nonexperimental methods are absolutely essential. As well as themselves estimating causal effects, these other methods can provide information and understanding that goes beyond that provided by experiments. A research program progresses best when experiments are not treated as privileged but instead are combined with these other methods.
“Collaborative Autoethnographic Writing as Communal Curative”
Authors: Alhayek Katty , Alexander Bryant Keith , Foster Elissa , Ojeda Carmen Hernandez , Mackie-Stephenson Ayshia , Moreira Claudio , Pelias Ronald J. , Poulos Christopher , Sutton Timothy , Twishime Porntip Israsena
Published: February 2022

This collaborative autoethnography reflects on how each author experienced COVID-19 and associated precarity. We explore the ways in which this experience relates to our identities (both particular and plural), and our positionalities in terms of privilege and marginality. As a collective of diverse collaborators, we confront dialectical questions of self and society. Our contributions reveal our advantage/disadvantage, mobility/immobility, and the borders and boundedness before/during/after COVID-19. We show the power of curative writing in collaborative autoethnography and how the sharing of our experiences of vulnerability represents an invitation to human connection.
Partially Separable Aspects of Spatial and Temporal Estimations in Virtual Navigation as Revealed by Adaptation
Authors: Otsuka Taku , Yotsumoto Yuko
Published: February 2022

Recent studies claim that estimating the magnitude of the spatial and temporal aspects of one's self-motion shows similar characteristics, suggesting shared processing mechanisms between these two dimensions. While the estimation of other magnitude dimensions, such as size, number, and duration, exhibits negative aftereffects after prolonged exposure to the stimulus, it remains to be elucidated whether this could occur similarly in the estimation of the distance travelled and time elapsed during one's self-motion. We sought to fill this gap by examining the effects of adaptation on distance and time estimation using a virtual navigation task. We found that a negative aftereffect occurred in the distance reproduction task after repeated exposure to self-motion with a fixed travel distance. No such aftereffect occurred in the time reproduction task after repeated exposure to self-motion with a fixed elapsed time. Further, the aftereffect in distance reproduction occurred only when the distance of the adapting stimulus was fixed, suggesting that it did not reflect adaptation to time, which varied with distance. The estimation of spatial and temporal aspects of self-motion is thus processed by partially separable mechanisms, with the distance estimation being similar to the estimation of other magnitude dimensions.
Precision-engineered niche for directed differentiation of MSCs to lineage-restricted mineralized tissues
Authors: Rahman Saeed Ur , Ponnusamy Sasikumar , Nagrath Malvika , Arany Praveen R
Published: February 2022

The major difference between tissue healing and regeneration is the extent of instructional cues available to precisely direct the biological response. A classic example is reparative or osteodentin that is seen in response to physicochemical injury to the pulp-dentin complex. Dentin regeneration can direct the differentiation of dental stem cells using concerted actions of both soluble (biomolecules, agonists, and antagonists) and insoluble (matrix topology) cues. The major purpose of this study was to examine the synergistic combination of two discrete biomaterial approaches by utilizing nanofiber scaffolds in discrete configurations (aligned or random) with incorporated polymeric microspheres capable of controlled release of growth factors. Further, to ensure appropriate disinfection for clinical use, Radio-Frequency Glow Discharge (RFGD) treatments were utilized, followed by seeding with a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) line. SEM analysis revealed electrospinning generated controlled architectural features that significantly improved MSC adhesion and proliferation on the aligned nanofiber scaffolds compared to randomly oriented scaffolds. These responses were further enhanced by RFGD pre-treatments. These enhanced cell adhesion and proliferative responses could be attributed to matrix-induced Wnt signaling that was abrogated by pre-treatments with anti-Wnt3a neutralizing antibodies. Next, we incorporated controlled-release microspheres within these electrospun scaffolds with either TGF-β1 or BMP4. We observed that these scaffolds could selectively induce dentinogenic or osteogenic markers (DSPP, Runx2, and BSP) and mineralization. This work demonstrates the utility of a novel, modular combinatorial scaffold system capable of lineage-restricted differentiation into bone or dentin. Future validation of this scaffold system in vivo as a pulp capping agent represents an innovative dentin regenerative approach capable of preserving tooth pulp vitality.
Management of infective endocarditis in pregnancy by a multidisciplinary team: a case series
Authors: Shapero Kayle S. , Nauriyal Varidhi , Megli Christina , Berlacher Kathryn , El-Dalati Sami
Published: February 2022

Introduction:

The incidence of infective endocarditis (IE) in pregnancy is rare and has been increasing during the opioid epidemic. IE in pregnancy is associated with high rates of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Multidisciplinary endocarditis teams for management of IE have been shown to reduce in-hospital and 1-year mortality. We present a single-center experience managing IE in pregnancy utilizing a multidisciplinary endocarditis team.

Methods:

Patients diagnosed with IE while pregnant or within 30 days post-partum were identified. All patients discussed at the institution’s weekly multidisciplinary endocarditis meeting were included. Demographic and clinical data and outcome-related variables were retrospectively reviewed and recorded.

Results:

Between 1 October 2020 and 1 June 2021 6 pregnant or 30-day post-partum patients with IE were identified. All patients had co-morbid injection drug use; Staphylococcus aureus was the etiologic pathogen in all patients. All patients had embolic complications and 5 required ICU admission and mechanical ventilatory support. Four patients underwent valve replacement. There were no patient-directed discharges. All patients survived to hospital discharge and 90-days after diagnosis. Four pregnancies resulted in delivery at an average gestational age of 32.4 weeks with 3 requiring NICU admissions and prolonged lengths of stay. All patients were seen by addiction medicine and 5 were started on medication-assisted treatment for opioid use disorder.

Discussion:

In a small retrospective cases series, coordination of care by a multidisciplinary endocarditis team led to a high-rate of surgical intervention with no patient-directed discharges and no in-hospital or 90-day mortality.

Conclusion:

Multidisciplinary endocarditis teams are a low-risk intervention that may improve outcomes in pregnant patients with IE.
Measuring the Transformation of University Students’ Self-Construal for Greater Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Komatsu Hikaru , Fu Shin-Pei , Lin Meng-Hui , Hsieh Yi-Huan , Rappleye Jeremy , Silova Iveta
Published: February 2022

University campus sustainability projects frequently aim to promote ecological behavior of their community members. However, these projects rarely consider the level of students’ self-construal, the view of self held by members of the university community (i.e., whether the self is viewed as independent or interdependent with nature). This runs counter to the findings in psychology that people’s behavior is strongly affected by their self-construal. We thus conducted an exploratory attempt to include self-construal measurements into a campus environmental sustainability project at National Taiwan University. We specifically examined whether the university had contributed to the transformation of students’ self-construal for greater environmental sustainability. Toward this end, we first confirmed that a psychological scale for self-construal, the connectedness to nature scale (CNS) that had been mainly tested in Western contexts, successfully predicted the likelihood of students’ ecological behaviors (e.g., reducing waste) in an East Asian context. We found only a small difference in the CNS between students for different academic years, which suggests that the university was unsuccessful in transforming students’ self-construal for greater sustainability. This finding resonates with the practice of universities in the modern era to emphasize cognitive dimensions of learning rather than ontological dimensions. Our results thus suggest that mainstreaming ontological dimensions would be one potential way for universities to move toward campus sustainability.
A Co-Teaching Training Program’s Impact on Female Student Teachers: Department of Special Education, King Saud University
Authors: Albahusain Wedad
Published: February 2022

This study investigated the effects of a co-teaching training program on female pre-service teachers of special education at the Faculty of Education, King Saud University. It also examined whether the participants’ academic majors affected their total knowledge gains obtained from the administered training program. A co-teaching training program was designed to train the assigned participants of the study on the main principles of co-teaching. Fifty-one female pre-service teachers were randomly selected to receive the co-teaching training program for six sessions. They studied in four different academic majors: behavioral disorders, mental disabilities, learning difficulties, and deaf and hearing impaired. A pre-measurement scale was administered prior to the treatment and immediately after the treatment to see the possible knowledge gains from the program. Results revealed significant improvements in the students’ knowledge from pre-treatment to post-treatment. However, no statistically significant differences among the participants could be ascribed to the participants’ academic majors. Recommendations, limitations, and tips for future studies have been provided.
Cultural Representations in Indian English Language Teaching Textbooks
Authors: Bose Priyanka , Gao Xuesong
Published: February 2022

Culture plays an integral role in English language teaching (ELT) and is a necessary component of ELT textbooks. This study explores the issue of cultural representation in the reading components of ELT textbooks in India, which has received little attention in ELT research world-wide. By incorporating 10 ELT textbooks from four states, one national board from India, and a sequential mixed-method design, this research is aimed at investigating the cultural representation of the textbook content, characteristics of people in terms of race, gender and nationality, and the depth of the cultural content. While the results have revealed a general domination of cultural representations originating from Britain, including a major proportion of British, Irish, and generally White characters, a significant amount of gender bias, and overall minimal in-depth cultural engagement, there exists wide regional variations. Language teachers may adapt cultural representations that are relevant with other pedagogical resources to engage English language learners in critical pursuits.
Prevalence of Os Acromiale in Thai Patients With Shoulder Problems: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Authors: Phanichwong Peemmawat , Apivatgaroon Adinun , Boonsaeng Waraporn Srikhum
Published: February 2022

Background:

Os acromiale is an anatomic variant in which the acromial ossification center fails to fuse. It may lead to painful shoulder conditions and surgical intervention may be required for treatment. The prevalence of os acromiale in South Koreans (0.7%) has previously been the representative number for the Asian population, and it is lower than that in the Black and White populations.

Purpose:

To determine the prevalence of os acromiale in Thai patients with shoulder disabilities who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed the MRI scans of patients with shoulder disabilities between January 2019 and May 2021 at a single institution. The relationship of sex, age, and shoulder diagnosis to the presence of os acromiale was then analyzed.

Results:

A total of 940 MRI scans in 848 patients were evaluated, of which 20 shoulders were detected to have os acromiale, a prevalence of 2.13%. The mean age of the patients was 60.25 years, with 60% being female and 40% male. Of the 20 os acromiale cases, 17 (85%) were preacromiale, 1 (5%) mesoacromiale, and 2 (10%) meta-acromiale. The associated diagnoses were as follows: 75%, full-thickness rotator cuff (RC) tear; 10%, partial-thickness RC tear; 5%, RC tendinopathy with symptomatic os acromiale; 5%, anterior shoulder instability with full-thickness RC tear; and 5%, frozen shoulder. Age, sex, and associated shoulder disability were not associated with the presence of os acromiale.

Conclusion:

In Thai patients with shoulder problems who required MRI evaluation, the prevalence of os acromiale was 2.13%. This is lower than the prevalence from other ethnic groups but slightly higher than that from the same ethnic group (Korea). There was no relation between the presence of os acromiale and shoulder pain, regardless of diagnosis.
Patient Perspectives of a Non-Invasive Telemonitoring Tool for Patients with Heart Failure
Authors: Sano Motohiro , Okada Sho , Majima Tomoko , Kobayashi Yoshio
Published: February 2022

Aim

Advancements in telemonitoring (TM) for patients with heart failure (HF) are incongruous because of the effect of TM intervention and various types of TM. This study aimed to clarify patients’ experiences in using the TM tool.

Methods

This was a qualitative study. Data were evaluated using qualitative content analysis. Nine patients with heart failure → HF participated and completed the 1-month study period.

Results

The experience of this TM tool was determined using semi-structured interviews followed by qualitative content analysis. Finally, five themes emerged: habituation of self-care behaviour, no burden for use, a feeling of security, additional functions and advice rather than guidance.

Conclusion

This TM tool is easy to use and has the potential to promote self-management in patients with HF. Based on the aforementioned findings, we revised this tool and added some functions and will perform additional tests.
A Systematic Review investigating the Effectiveness of Exercise training in Glycogen Storage Diseases
Authors: Bordoli Claire , Murphy Elaine , Varley Ian , Sharpe Graham , Hennis Philip
Published: February 2022

Introduction:

Glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) are rare inborn errors of carbohydrate metabolism typically with skeletal muscle and liver involvement. In those with skeletal muscle involvement, the majority display symptoms of exercise intolerance which can cause profound exercise limitation and impair everyday living and quality of life (QoL). There are no curative treatments for GSDs, thus therapeutic options, such as exercise training, are aimed at improving QoL by alleviating signs and symptoms. In order to investigate the effectiveness of exercise training in adults with GSDs, we systematically reviewed the literature.

Methods:

In this review we conducted searches within SCOPUS and MEDLINE to identify potential papers for inclusion. These papers were independently assessed for inclusion and quality by two authors. We identified 23 studies which included aerobic training, strength training or respiratory muscle training in patients with McArdles ( n = 41) and Pompe disease ( n = 139).

Results:

In McArdle disease, aerobic exercise training improved aerobic capacity (VO2 peak) by 14–111% with further benefits to functional capacity and well-being. Meanwhile, strength training increased muscle peak power by 100–151% and reduced disease severity. In Pompe disease, a combination of aerobic and strength training improved VO2 peak by 9–10%, muscle peak power by 64%, functional capacity and well-being. Furthermore, respiratory muscle training (RMT) improved respiratory muscular strength [maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) increased by up to 65% and maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) by up to 70%], with additional benefits shown in aerobic capacity, functional capacity and well-being.

Conclusion:

This adds to the growing body of evidence which suggests that supervised exercise training is safe and effective in improving aerobic capacity and muscle function in adults with McArdle or Pompe disease. However, the literature base is limited in quality and quantity with a dearth of literature regarding exercise training in other GSD subtypes.
Impact of lifetime body mass index trajectories on the incidence and persistence of adult asthma
Authors: Ali Gulshan Bano , Lowe Adrian J. , Perret Jennifer L. , Walters E. Haydn , Lodge Caroline J. , Johns David , James Alan , Erbas Bircan , Hamilton Garun S. , Bowatte Gayan , Wood-Baker Richard , Abramson Michael J. , Bui Dinh S. , Dharmage Shyamali C.
Published: February 2022

Background

High body mass index (BMI) trajectories from childhood to adulthood are associated with the development of some chronic diseases, but whether such trajectories influence adult asthma has not been investigated to date. Therefore, we investigated associations between BMI trajectories from childhood to middle age (5–43 years) and incidence, persistence and relapse of asthma from ages 43 to 53 years.

Methods

In the Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study (n=4194), weight and height were recorded at eight time-points between 5 and 43 years of age. BMI trajectories were developed using group-based trajectory modelling. Associations between BMI trajectories and asthma incidence, persistence and relapse from age 43 to 53 years, bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) at age 50 years, and bronchodilator responsiveness at age 53 years were modelled using multiple logistic and linear regression.

Results

Five distinct BMI trajectories were identified: average, low, child high-decreasing, child average-increasing and high. Compared with the average trajectory, child average-increasing and high trajectories were associated with increased risk of incident asthma (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.1–6.6 and OR 4.4, 95% CI 1.7–11.4, respectively) and BHR in middle age (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.1–7.5 and OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.1–11.4, respectively). No associations were observed for asthma persistence or relapse.

Conclusions

Participants with child average-increasing and high BMI trajectories from childhood to middle age were at higher risk of incident adult asthma. Thus, encouraging individuals to maintain a normal BMI over the life course may help reduce the burden of adult asthma.
Increased cytotoxic T-cells in the airways of adults with former bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Um-Bergström Petra , Pourbazargan Melvin , Brundin Bettina , Ström Marika , Ezerskyte Monika , Gao Jing , Berggren Broström Eva , Melén Erik , Wheelock Åsa M. , Lindén Anders , Sköld C. Magnus
Published: February 2022

Rationale

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm-born infants is a risk factor for chronic airway obstruction in adulthood. Cytotoxic T-cells are implicated in COPD, but their involvement in BPD is not known.

Objectives

To characterise the distribution of airway T-cell subsets in adults with a history of BPD.

Methods

Young adults with former BPD (n=22; median age 19.6 years), age-matched adults born preterm (n=22), patients with allergic asthma born at term (n=22) and healthy control subjects born at term (n=24) underwent bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). T-cell subsets in BAL were analysed using flow cytometry.

Results

The total number of cells and the differential cell counts in BAL were similar among the study groups. The percentage of CD3+CD8+T-cells was higher (p=0.005) and the proportion of CD3+CD4+T-cells was reduced (p=0.01) in the BPD group, resulting in a lower CD4/CD8 ratio (p=0.007) compared to the healthy controls (median 2.2versus5.3). In BPD and preterm-born study subjects, both CD3+CD4+T-cells (rs=0.38, p=0.03) and CD4/CD8 ratio (rs=0.44, p=0.01) correlated positively with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). Furthermore, CD3+CD8+T-cells were negatively correlated with both FEV1and FEV1/forced vital capacity (rs= −0.44, p=0.09 and rs= −0.41, p=0.01, respectively).

Conclusions

Young adults with former BPD have a T-cell subset pattern in the airways resembling features of COPD. Our findings are compatible with the hypothesis that CD3+CD8+T-cells are involved in mechanisms behind chronic airway obstruction in these patients.
The burden of asthma, hay fever and eczema in adults in 17 countries: GAN Phase I study
Authors: Mortimer Kevin , Lesosky Maia , García-Marcos Luis , Asher M. Innes , Pearce Neil , Ellwood Eamon , Bissell Karen , El Sony Asma , Ellwood Philippa , Marks Guy B. , Martínez-Torres Antonela , Morales Eva , Perez-Fernandez Virginia , Robertson Steven , Rutter Charlotte E. , Silverwood Richard J. , Strachan David P. , Chiang Chen-Yuan
Published: February 2022

Aims

Asthma, hay fever and eczema are three common chronic conditions. There have been no recent multi-country data on the burden of these three conditions in adults; the aims of this study are to fill this evidence gap.

Methods

The Global Asthma Network Phase I is a multi-country cross-sectional population-based study using the same core methodology as the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood Phase III. It provides data on the burden of asthma, hay fever and eczema in children and adolescents, and, for the first time, in their parents/guardians.

Results

Data were available from 193 912 adults (104 061 female; mean±sdage 38±7.5 years) in 43 centres in 17 countries. The overall prevalence (range) of symptoms was 6.6% (0.9–32.7%) for current wheeze, 4.4% (0.9–29.0%) for asthma ever, 14.4% (2.8–45.7%) for hay fever ever and 9.9% (1.6–29.5%) for eczema ever. Centre prevalence varied considerably both between countries and within countries. There was a moderate correlation between hay fever ever and asthma ever, and between eczema ever and hay fever ever at the centre level. There were moderate to strong correlations between indicators of the burden of disease reported in adults and the two younger age groups.

Conclusion

We found evidence for a substantial burden of asthma, hay fever ever and eczema ever in the countries examined, highlighting the major public health importance of these diseases. Prevention strategies and equitable access to effective and affordable treatments for these three conditions would help mitigate the avoidable morbidity they cause.