bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Who Are You: Intersectionality in the Academic Library
Authors: Wong Desmond
Published: July 2018

Academic libraries are focusing efforts towards the inclusivity and equity of their patrons. This presentation proposes that allied work is one of the means in which library staff can engage more deeply with their patrons. With the diversity of stakeholders that academic library staff serve/support/etc. on a daily basis, it is vital for us to recognize how our own intersectionalities affect our perception of library work and patrons. It seeks to define what allyship is and how it functions in the context of the academic library. Imperative to this discussion is acknowledgement of how libraries are complicit in the oppressive actions of colonialism and discrimination. In my own experience as a librarian of a visible minority working with the indigenous community, I must review my own intersections of privilege and power in order to identify potential areas of recreated hegemony. It is the responsibility of allied library staff to educate themselves on how best to support the communities with whom they stand in solidarity. In order to understand the history of oppression, all allies must constantly confront uncomfortable realities and analyze the structural legacy of their institutions before they can truly support all patrons. This presentation will also encourage participants to examine their own privilege in the context of intersectionality and how an understanding of that privilege must discourage replicating or creating new opportunities for colonialism or oppression.
Scholarly Piracy: What Libraries could/should be doing about it
Authors: Regier Ryan
Published: July 2018

Presentation given for Ontario Library Association’s Education Institute's "Bright Young Minds" series. It discusses how libraries should respond to the increase in websites that can be used to illegally download scholarly publications. It encourages libraries to take a progressive approach to how they talk about these issues.
Knowde: A Visual Search Interface
Authors: Schleußinger Maurice , Henkel Maria
Published: July 2018

Information Visualizations are well-established to represent high density information in an intuitive and interactive way. There are no popular general retrieval systems, however, which utilize the power of information visualizations for search result representation. This paper describes Knowde, a search interface with purely visual result representation. It employs a powerful information retrieval system and works in a common web browser in real-time. This working prototype, with three different variations of network graphs will assist us in exploring current issues in visualization research, such as the challenge of system evaluation.The final authenticated version is available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92270-6_26.
Battle Cry: the American Library Association and Its Southern Chapters during the Civil Rights Movement
Authors: Harris Steven R.
Published: July 2018

The historiography of civil rights and libraries tells us little about the desegregation of the profession. During the Civil Rights Movement librarians in the American South encountered barriers to their professional participation due to Jim Crow cultural restrictions in the region. Despite activism by a few individuals, the American Library Association was not successful in compelling state and regional affiliates of the Association to integrate their ranks. Four state associations (Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgie) actually severed their ties with ALA. Only after the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 were the cultural barriers removed to permit the southern associations to open their membership to all librarians. Soon after the signing of that legislation, ALA readmitted those southern chapters.
Relationships between Association of Research Libraries (ARL) Statistics and Bibliometric Indicators: A Principal Components Analysis
Authors: Hendrix Dean
Published: July 2018

This study analyzed 2005–2006 Web of Science bibliometric data from institutions belonging to the Association of Research Libraries (ARL) and corresponding ARL statistics to find any associations between indicators from the two data sets. Principal components analysis on 36 variables from 103 universities revealed obvious associations between size-dependent variables, such as institution size, gross totals of library measures, and gross totals of articles and citations. However, size-independent library measures did not associate positively or negatively with any bibliometric indicator. More quantitative research must be done to authentically assess academic libraries’ influence on research outcomes.
Consortial Geospatial Data Collection: Toward Standards and Processes for Shared GeoBlacklight Metadata
Authors: Battista Andrew , Majewicz Karen
Published: July 2018

Consortial geospatial data communities, such as the OpenGeoPortal federation and the GeoBlacklight initiative, facilitate contextualized discovery and promote metadata sharing to disperse hosting and preservation responsibilities across institutions. However, the challenges of communal metadata are manifold; they include proliferating standards, varying levels of completeness, mutable technology infrastructures, and uneven availability of human labor. Drawing from literature on metadata quality control, we outline a procedure for “scoring” GeoBlacklight records to establish a Domain Specific Language for metadata best practices. We propose strategies for authorship and management conducive to functionally interoperable geospatial metadata, that is versioned and enhanceable by the collective.
An annotated bibliography of Digital Scholarship in libraries
Authors: Moritz Carolyn
Published: July 2018

This annotated bibliography is to be taken both as a standalone resource and as a supplement to De-Centering and Recentering Digital Scholarship: A Manifesto by authors from Florida State University Libraries Office of Digital Research and Scholarship. The manifesto serves as the culmination of an ongoing conversation surrounding the work behind digital scholarship, scholarly communications, invisible labor, and the role of the library and the librarian within it. This bibliography, divided into Definitions of Digital Scholarship, Digital Scholarship in Practice, and Critical and Progressive Librarianship, provides a collaborative snapshot of many of the voices which have informed our theories and practices.
Research Data Management and Sharing
Authors: Bowley Chealsye
Published: July 2018

Presentation slides for a student and faculty workshop on best practices for data management and sharing.
“I Never Knew I Could Be a Teacher”: A Student-Centered MLIS Fellowship for Future Teacher-Librarians
Authors: Gammons Rachel , Carroll Alexander James , Carpenter Lindsay Inge
Published: July 2018

The Research and Teaching Fellowship (RTF) of the University of Maryland (UMD) Libraries in College Park is a three-semester experiential teacher training program for students seeking a master's of library and information science (MLIS) degree. Crafted in collaboration with UMD College of Information Studies [End Page 331] (iSchool) administrators, students complete RTF in tandem with the MLIS degree to obtain sustained, scaffolded, and meaningful library instruction experience. We designed RTF to address needs identified from our own experiences as early-career librarians, in conjunction with conclusions drawn from the literature. Rather than just sharing what we think works about this program, this article provides analyses that test our assumptions of what a successful MLIS professional development program should include. We allowed our students' experiences to guide the discussion by utilizing research methods that prioritize our participants' voices. We thus empowered them to guide the program's development. We enhanced this student-centered approach to program evaluation with an empirical evaluation of the students' growth in teacher efficacy using a rubric based on the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) "Roles and Strengths of Teaching Librarians."1 The article concludes with reflections on how similar teaching and mentorship programs for emerging LIS professionals might use these findings.
2018 American Library Association (ALA) Emerging Leader Group I Poster Presentation
Authors: Chen Crystal , Drake Tracy , Mandani Aurelia , Muhammad A.J. , Nickerson Claire
Published: July 2018

Data Pathways and data competencies for library staff.
Dismantling Whiteness and Oppression Through Community-Led Collaboration
Authors: Walker Cecily
Published: July 2018

In this slide deck from her 2016 LITA Forum Keynote, the author reflects on her own experiences with community-led digital projects. She discusses some of the thoughts that directed her attempts to dismantle systems of inequality that privilege whiteness when collaborating with representatives from communities that are marginalized because of their race, gender, or socio-economic status.
Many Hands / Whose Hands? Archiving the Web, Collaboratively
Authors: Abrams Samantha , Wickner Amy , Blumenthal Karl-Rainer
Published: July 2018

These are the slides, speaker notes, and citations from the Spring 2018 New England Archivists (NEA) and Archivists Roundtable of New York (ART) Joint Meeting presentation by Samantha Abrams, Karl-Rainer Blumenthal, and Amy Wickner, "Many Hands / Whose Hands? Archiving the Web, Collaboratively." Web archiving brings new narratives and sociotechnical challenges into archival spaces. The breadth, depth, and ephemerality of collective and individual experiences of the web demands collaborative archival approaches. How can archivists, creators, and subjects of web-based material together establish context-sensitive, ethical approaches to web archiving? This session focuses on working together to capture the live web efficiently, comprehensively, and sensitively. With sustainability, collection building, and division of labor as central themes, we’ll discuss experiences with outreach, collection policy development, and maintenance. We’ll also consider strategies to advocate for the documentation of the web within and beyond institutional infrastructures. We hope to leave participants with both answers and questions as they embark upon their own collaborations.
Copyright + Your Thesis or Dissertation
Authors: Bowley Chealsye
Published: July 2018

Presentation slides for a graduate workshop how copyright impacts theses and dissertations, and what students should consider when publishing parts of their graduate dissertation.
Maintaining Access to Public Data: Lessons from Data Refuge
Authors: Janz Margaret Miller
Published: July 2018

The Data Refuge project began in December 2016 after fellows in the Penn Program for Environmental Humanities (PPEH) grew concerned about how the incoming presidential administration might find ways to limit access to federal climate and environmental data. This article describes the history and precedence for this project, the lessons learned through our activities, and some of the future en devours undertaken by stakeholders in the landscape of preserving and managing government data. Originally published in Against the Grain, v29 (6), Dec. 2017-Jan. 2018, http://www.against-the-grain.com/2018/03/v29-6-maintaining-access-to-public-data-lessons-from-data-refuge/.
Cultivating Your Digital Profile
Authors: Bowley Chealsye
Published: July 2018

Presentation slides from a workshop covering social media and researcher profiles.
Conceptualizing Data Curation Activities Within Two Academic Libraries
Authors: Lafferty-Hess Sophia , Rudder Julie , Downey Moira , Ivey Susan , Darragh Jen
Published: July 2018

A growing focus on sharing research data that meet certain standards, such as the FAIR guiding principles, has resulted in libraries increasingly developing and scaling up support for research data. As libraries consider what new data curation services they would like to provide as part of their repository programs, there are various questions that arise surrounding scalability, resource allocation, requisite expertise, and how to communicate these services to the research community. Data curation can involve a variety of tasks and activities. Some of these activities can be managed by systems, some require human intervention, and some require highly specialized domain or data type expertise. At the 2017 Triangle Research Libraries Network Institute, staff from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Duke University used the 47 data curation activities identified by the Data Curation Network project to create conceptual groupings of data curation activities. The results of this “thought-exercise” are discussed in this white paper. The purpose of this exercise was to provide more specificity around data curation within our individual contexts as a method to consistently discuss our current service models, identify gaps we would like to fill, and determine what is currently out of scope. We hope to foster an open and productive discussion throughout the larger academic library community about how we prioritize data curation activities as we face growing demand and limited resources.
BOAI 15 Survey Report
Authors: Shockey Nick , Joseph Heather , Hagemann Melissa
Published: July 2018

The 15th anniversary of the Budapest Open Access Initiative provided an excellent opportunity to take stock of global progress toward open access and to gauge the main obstacles still remaining to the widespread adoption of open access policies and practices. As part of this process, feedback was solicited through an open survey that was disseminated online, and that received responses from individuals in 60 countries around the world.Markers of progress are clear. The lack of understanding of the concept of open access and a myriad of misconceptions that were pervasive at the time of the BOAI’s original convening have receded, as open access has become a widely accepted fact of lifein research and scholarship. These have been supplanted by concerns that are more operational and nuanced in nature, essentially moving from debates about the “what and why” of open access to the “how“—how to best get it done.The survey showed two clear primary challenges. First and foremost, respondents noted the lack of meaningful incentives and rewards for scholars and researchers to openly share their work. This challenge resonated at both the global level (56% of respondents in Figure 1) and the local level (29.5% of respondents in Table 1). This was followed by concern over a lack of funds to pay for APCs or other open access-related costs (36% of respondents in Figure 1; 28.3% of respondents in Table 1).The results of the survey indicate the transition from establishing open access as a concept—which the BOAI did for the first time in 2002—to making open the default for research and scholarship. These two key challenges point to areas where concerted effort needs to be focused to continue making progress towards open access. Strategies to align incentives and rewards for scholars to share their work openly and the need to construct affordable, sustainable, and equitable business models to support open access publishing must be embraced as primary working priorities by the open access community.
Lessons in building community support for no-take MPAs from the Mexican Caribbean
Authors: Open Communications for The Ocean OCTO
Published: July 2018

Building trust between fishers and managers is key for management actions, including for marine protected areas (MPAs). Governments seeking to establish trust should have strong enforcement of regulations as observing illegal fishing reduces trust. Managers themselves are more trusted if they have worked with the fishing community for a long time, frequently visit fishing communities, explain management actions simply and clearly, and provide educational and training opportunities for fishers like citizen science monitoring campaigns.
How good is your marine protected area at curbing threats?
Authors: Zupan Mirta
Published: July 2018

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are key tools to mitigate human impacts in coastal environments, promoting sustainable activities to conserve biodiversity. The designation of MPAs alone may not result in the lessening of some human threats, which is highly dependent on management goals and the related specific regulations that are adopted. Here, we develop and operationalize a local threat assessment framework. We develop indices to quantify the effectiveness of MPAs (or individual zones within MPAs in the case of multiple-use MPAs) in reducing anthropogenic extractive and non-extractive threats operating at local scale, focusing specifically on threats that can be managed through MPAs. We apply this framework in 15 Mediterranean MPAs to assess their threat reduction capacity. We show that fully protected areas effectively eliminate extractive activities, whereas the intensity of artisanal and recreational fishing within partially protected areas, paradoxically, is higher than that found outside MPAs, questioning their ability at reaching conservation targets. In addition, both fully and partially protected areas attract non-extractive activities that are potential threats. Overall, only three of the 15 MPAs had lower intensities for the entire set of eight threats considered, in respect to adjacent control unprotected areas. Understanding the intensity and occurrence of human threats operating at the local scale inside and around MPAs is important for assessing MPAs effectiveness in achieving the goals they have been designed for, informing management strategies, and prioritizing specific actions.
“Dark times lie ahead of us and there will be a time when we must choose between what is easy and what is right”—the sad case of Vaquita & the Trump administration
Authors: Parsons Edward Christien
Published: July 2018

“Dark times lie ahead of us and there will be a time when we must choose between what is easy and what is right”—the sad case of Vaquita, the Trump administration and the removal of protections for whales and dolphins
Delineating priority areas for marine biodiversity conservation in the Coral Triangle
Authors: Asaad Irawan , Lundquist Carolyn J. , Erdmann Mark V. , Costello Mark J.
Published: July 2018

Identifying priority areas for biodiversity conservation requires systematic approaches and integrated ecological and biological information. Here, we applied a range of ecological criteria to assess areas of biodiversity importance in the Coral Triangle region, a priority region for marine biodiversity conservation because of its high species richness and endemicity. We used distribution data of three biogenic habitats to assess the criterion of sensitive habitat, modeled geographic distributions of 10,672 species ranges and occurrence records of 19,251 species to evaluate the criterion of species richness, distributions of 834 species of special conservation concern to examine the criterion of species of conservation concern, distributions of 373 reef fish species to assess the criterion of restricted-range species, and distribution of nesting sites and migratory route of six species of sea turtle to evaluate the criterion of areas of importance for particular life history stages. We identified areas of biodiversity importance by superimposing each of the different criterion. We performed two tiers of multi-criteria analysis: (1) a Coral Triangle regional level analysis to identify “clustered hotspots” (i.e., groups of cells) of biodiversity significance, and (2) a site-based analysis to identify the specific sites (cells) of greatest biodiversity importance. We found that approximately 13% of the Coral Triangle was clustered into hotspots of high biodiversity importance. These areas occurred along the southern part of the Philippines, the north-eastern part of Malaysian Sabah, central to eastern reaches of Indonesia, the eastern part of Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. By comparison, the site-based analysis identified seven sites of highest biodiversity importance in the Coral Triangle include: (1) the northern tip of Sulawesi Island, (2) Ambon Island, (3) Kei Islands, (4) Raja Ampat Archipelago of Indonesian Papua, (5) the Verde Island Passage, (6) the southern part of Negros Island, and (7) Cebu Island. This information is useful to inform participatory decision-making processes in the Coral Triangle region to identify priority areas for conservation and management.
Using people's perceptions of ecosystem services to guide modeling and management efforts
Authors: Elwell Tammy L. , Gelcich Stefan , Gaines Steven D. , López-Carr David
Published: July 2018

Although ecosystem service (ES) approaches are showing promise in moving environmental decision-making processes toward better outcomes for ecosystems and people, ES modeling (i.e., tools that estimate the supply of nature's beneﬁts given biophysical constraints) and valuation methods (i.e., tools to understand people's demand for nature's beneﬁts) largely remain disconnected, preventing them from reaching their full potential to guide management efforts.Here, we show how knowledge of environmental perceptions explicitly links these two lines of research. We examined how a diverse community of people with varying degrees of dependencies on coastal and marine ecosystems in southern Chile perceived the importance of different ecosystem services (ESs), their states (e.g., doing well, needs improvement), and management options. Our analysis indicates that an understanding of people's perceptions may usefully guide ecosystem modeling and management efforts by helping to: (1) deﬁne which ESs to enter into models and tradeoff analyses (i.e., what matters most?), (2) guide where to focus management efforts (i.e., what matters yet needs improvement?), and, (3) anticipate potential support or controversy surrounding management interventions. Finally, we discuss the complexity inherent in deﬁning which ESs matter most to people. We propose that future research address how to design ES approaches and assessments that are more inclusive to diverse world views and notions of human wellbeing.
Stakeholder Participation in Massachusetts Ocean Management Planning: Observations on the Plan Development Stage
Authors: SeaPlan
Published: July 2018

The Massachusetts Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs (EEA) expended considerable effort in outreach to the general public and ocean-use stakeholder groups over a 12-month period from June 2008 through May 2009. These efforts provided numerous opportunities for stakeholder participation during the initial, formative stage of the Massachusetts ocean management planning process. This report lists the primary stakeholder involvement vehicles used and the overarching themes that emerged.
Massachusetts Ocean Partnership Fund Draft Convening Report
Authors: SeaPlan
Published: July 2018

The Massachusetts Ocean Partnership Fund (MOPF) is a multi-stakeholder initiative underway in Massachusetts to establish a public/private partnership and funding entity with the goal of improving the health, management and understanding of marine and coastal resources in order to ensure thriving ocean ecosystems and their continued capacity to serve vital ecological, economic, recreational and other needs. This Draft Convening Report provides a summary of the important developments to-date toward launching MOPF, and an overview of the proposed stakeholder process. This report is being distributed to members of the planning groups - the Strategic Planning Group and the Science/Technical Group – who have agreed to participate in this effort through June 2007, the duration of the initial planning period. Once reviewed by the SPG, the Convening Report will also be distributed to a wide range of stakeholders who expressed interest in MOPF, many of whom were interviewed earlier this summer and offered valuable input on both process and substantive issues. The document will soon be available to the public at www.maopf.org, or by contacting the MOPF Project Coordinator.
Mapping Cumulative Impacts of Human Activities on Marine Ecosystems
Authors: SeaPlan
Published: July 2018

Given the diversity of human uses and natural resources that converge in coastal waters, the potential independent and cumulative impacts of those uses on marine ecosystems are important to consider during ocean planning. This study was designed to support the development and implementation of the 2009 Massachusetts Ocean Management Plan. Its goal was to estimate and visualize the cumulative impacts of human activities on coastal and marine ecosystems in the state and federal waters off of Massachusetts.For this study, regional ecosystem experts were surveyed to gauge the relative vulnerability of marine ecosystems to current and emerging anthropogenic stressors. Survey results were then combined with spatial information on the distribution of marine ecosystems and human stressors to map cumulative impacts in Massachusetts waters.The study resulted in an ecosystem vulnerability matrix and human impacts maps, which together yield insights into which ecosystems and places are most vulnerable and which human uses, alone and in combination, are putting the most stress on marine ecosystems. These products can be used in a number of ways, including to help clarify ocean planning decisions, identify areas of potential conflict among ocean users and areas that may merit conservation, and assess ecological, economic and social values of particular places.
Ecosystem-Based Coastal and Ocean Management in Massachusetts: Science Gap Analysis Final Report
Authors: SeaPlan
Published: July 2018

The Massachusetts Ocean Partnership Fund (MOPF), a public/private collaborative, was formed to support efforts in Massachusetts to move toward comprehensive ocean management through implementation of an ecosystem-based approach. MOPF is producing a science plan as a basis for future work of the partnership. In order to set the science plan on the best possible footing, this gap analysis was developed to explore the science needed to support comprehensive EBM.
Lessons Learned from Australia’s Stakeholder Engagement Efforts for MPA Planning
Authors: Open Communications for The Ocean OCTO
Published: July 2018

Jon Day shares key lessons learned from stakeholder engagement efforts during the Representative Areas Program in the Great Barrier Reef, which was a key part of the comprehensive rezoning of the entire Marine Park between 1999 and 2003. As a result of this planning process, the total area of no-take zones increased from less than 5% to over one-third of the Marine Park, highlighting in large part the importance of effectively engaging stakeholders.
Effective public participation is fundamental for marine conservation - lessons from a large scale MPA
Authors: Day Jon C.
Published: July 2018

The Representative Areas Program (RAP) was, at the time, the most comprehensive process of community involvement and participatory planning for any environmental issue in Australia. The RAP was a key component of the widely acclaimed rezoning of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, and although completed in 2003, many lessons learned are still relevant today. This paper provides an analysis of the comprehensive public participation program that significantly influenced the final planning outcome. It provides insights into a fundamental component of effective marine planning, assessing what worked well and what did not in terms of public engagement. Some aspects of the public participation program were innovative, and some were more effective than others. The outcome was one-third of the Marine Park was declared as highly protected no-take zones in 2004, with the remainder of the park also zoned to provide lower levels of protection. The methods used to engage the public and the 25 lessons discussed in this paper should be of interest for practitioners, policy makers and academics elsewhere aiming for ‘good practice’ approaches to achieve environmental conservation.
Taking Steps toward Marine and Coastal Ecosystem-Based Management: An Introductory Guide
Authors: Agardy Tundi , Davis John , Sherwood Kristin , Vestergaard Ole
Published: July 2018

Instructions and considerations for ecosystem based management in a useful guide.
Assessing the effects of habitat patches ensuring propagule supply and different costs inclusion in marine spatial planning through multivariate analyses
Authors: Appolloni Luca
Published: July 2018

Marine Protected Areas are considered key tools for conservation of coastal ecosystems. However, manyreserves are characterized by several problems mainly related to inadequate zonings that often do notprotect high biodiversity and propagule supply areas precluding, at the same time, economic importantzones for local interests. The Gulf of Naples is here employed as a study area to assess the effects ofinclusion of different conservation features and costs in reserve design process. In particular eight scenariosare developed using graph theory to identify propagule source patches and fishing and exploitationactivities as costs-in-use for local population. Scenarios elaborated by MARXAN, softwarecommonly used for marine conservation planning, are compared using multivariate analyses (MDS,PERMANOVA and PERMDISP) in order to assess input data having greatest effects on protected areasselection.MARXAN is heuristic software able to give a number of different correct results, all of them near to thebest solution. Its outputs show that the most important areas to be protected, in order to ensure longtermhabitat life and adequate propagule supply, are mainly located around the Gulf islands. In additionthrough statistical analyses it allowed us to prove that different choices on conservation featureslead to statistically different scenarios. The presence of propagule supply patches forces MARXAN toselect almost the same areas to protect decreasingly different MARXAN results and, thus, choices forreserves area selection.The multivariate analyses applied here to marine spatial planning proved to be very helpful allowing toidentify i) how different scenario input data affect MARXAN and ii) what features have to be taken intoaccount in study areas characterized by peculiar biological and economic interests.
Why people matter in ocean governance: Incorporating human dimensions into large-scale marine protected areas
Authors: Christie Patrick , Bennett Nathan , Gray Noella J. , Wilhelm T. ‘Aulani , Lewis Nai‘a , Parks John , Ban Natalie , Gruby Rebecca L. , Gordon Lindsay , Day Jon C. , Taei Sue , Friedlander Alan M.
Published: July 2018

Large-scale marine protected areas (LSMPAs) are rapidly increasing. Due to their sheer size, complex sociopolitical realities, and distinct local cultural perspectives and economic needs, implementing and managing LSMPAs successfully creates a number of human dimensions challenges. It is timely and important to explore the human dimensions of LSMPAs. This paper draws on the results of a global “Think Tank on the Human Dimensions of Large Scale Marine Protected Areas” involving 125 people from 17 countries, including representatives from government agencies, non-governmental organizations, academia, professionals, industry, cultural/indigenous leaders and LSMPA site managers. The overarching goal of this eﬀort was to be proactive in understanding the issues and developing best management practices and a research agenda that address the human dimensions of LSMPAs. Identiﬁed best management practices for the human dimensions of LSMPAs included: integration of culture and traditions, eﬀective public and stakeholder engagement, maintenance of livelihoods and wellbeing, promotion of economic sustainability, conﬂict management and resolution, transparency and matching institutions, legitimate and appropriate governance, and social justice and empowerment. A shared human dimensions research agenda was developed that included priority topics under the themes of scoping human dimensions, governance, politics, social and economic outcomes, and culture and tradition. The authors discuss future directions in researching and incorporating human dimensions into LSMPAs design and management, reﬂect on this global eﬀort to co-produce knowledge and re-orient practice on the human dimensions of LSMPAs, and invite others to join a nascent community of practice on the human dimensions of large-scale marine conservation.
The economic impacts of ocean acidification on shellfish fisheries and aquaculture in the United Kingdom
Authors: Mangi Stephen
Published: July 2018

Ocean acidification may pose a major threat to commercial fisheries, especially those for calcifying shellfish species. This study was undertaken to estimate the potential economic costs resulting from ocean acidification on UK wild capture and aquaculture shellfish production. Applying the net present value (NPV) and partial equilibrium (PE) models, we estimate both direct and economy-wide economic losses of shellfish production by 2100. Estimates using the NPV method show that the direct potential losses due to reduced shellfish production range from 14% to 28% of fishery NPV. This equates to annual economic losses of between ö3 and ö6 billion of the UK’s GDP in 2013, for medium and high emission scenarios. Results using the PE model showed the total loss to the UK economy from shellfish production and consumption ranging from ö23–ö88 million. The results from both the direct valuation and predicted estimate for the economic losses on shellfish harvest indicate that there are regional variations due to different patterns of shellfish wild-capture and aquaculture, and the exploitation of species with differing sensitivities to ocean acidification. These results suggest that the potential economic losses vary depending on the chosen valuation method. This analysis is also partial as it did not include a wider group of species in early-life-stages or predator-prey effects. Nevertheless, findings show that the economic losses to the UK and its devolved administrations due to ocean acidification could be substantial. We conclude that addressing ocean acidification with the aim of preserving commercially valuable shellfish resources will require regional, national or international solutions using a combined approach to reduce atmospheric CO2 emissions and shift in focus to exploit species that are less vulnerable to ocean acidification.
Methods to Locate Derelict Fishing Gear in Marine Waters
Authors: Drinkwin Joan
Published: July 2018

"Methods to Locate Derelict Fishing Gear in Marine Waters" contains a general overview of the methodologies used globally to locate lost, abandoned and discarded fishing gear in the marine environment. It describes a number of different methods used to locate lost gear, outlines the benefits and limitations of each method, and provides contact information for individuals / organizations experienced in the methods described. The document also contains a selection of case studies and examples for each method and suggests contacts for further information.
Marine functional zoning: A practical approach for integrated coastal management (ICM) in Xiamen
Authors: Fang Qinhua
Published: July 2018

Xiamen has marked its integrated coastal management (ICM) practice as PEMSEA's demonstration site since the 1990s. However, the role of Marine Functional Zoning (MFZ) in ICM has not yet been fully explored even though the planning process has been highlighted in some literature on Xiamen ICM mode. To showcase the contribution of MFZ as a practical approach for Xiamen ICM, the five dimensions of integration in ICM is applied as an analysis framework. Firstly, through compiling of the historical data and documents of the sea uses and marine environments, and socioeconomic status as well, the key drivers of initiating MFZ in the 1990s is summarized as increasing but incompatible and even conflicting sea uses, degrading marine environments due to negative effects of intensified human activities, and the lack of coordinating mechanism which has worsened the use-use and use-environment conflicts. Secondly, the technical guidelines and adaptive evolvement of Xiamen MFZ is introduced, and the achievements of Xiamen MFZ is explored. Based on the above analysis, the relationships of MFZ and ICM is looked into the dimensions of legislation, coordinating mechanism, scientific and technical support, integrated law enforcement and public participation; and how MFZ contributes to ICM in integration of dimensions of intergovernmental, inter-sectoral, land and sea, science and management, and multiple disciplinary is analyzed in-depth. It is concluded that MFZ has been a working approach in Xiamen to realize ICM from a conceptual call to a good practice on the ground, even challenges remain.
Utilizing existing legal frameworks to implement fisheries management in the arctic
Authors: Open Communications for The Ocean OCTO
Published: July 2018

As climate change contributes to accelerated melting of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean, areas that were previously off-limits to fishing will become accessible. While there are currently no internationally-agreed fishing regulations in the high seas of the Arctic, there is an effective moratorium on commercial fishing thanks to the non-binding “Oslo Declaration” (Declaration concerning the Prevention of Unregulated High Seas Fishing in the Central Arctic Ocean, from July 2015). The author investigates existing legal mechanisms which could be used to regulate an international Arctic fishery should commercial fishing begin.Currently, the Arctic Five (Canada, Denmark/Greenland, Norway, the Russian Federation, and the United States) plus Five (Iceland, the EU, China, South Korea, and Japan) are negotiating an agreement for fisheries management in the Central Arctic Ocean. The draft text, which has not reached consensus yet*, surprisingly does not seek to establish a regional fisheries management organization for this area. But, the Arctic 5 + 5 have agreed “to continue the moratorium on fishing on the high seas of Central Arctic until there is scientific evidence concerning sustainable fishing in the area.”The draft agreement further states, “the parties shall take measures consistent with international law to deter the activities of vessels entitled to fly the flags of non-parties that undermine the effective implementation of this Agreement.” But what measures ‘consistent with international law’ could member states adopt?
A Guide to Evaluating Marine Spatial Plans
Authors: Ehler Charles
Published: July 2018

This guide on performance monitoring and evaluation (evaluation) is intended for practitioners responsible for planning and managing marine areas. Practitioners are the managers and stakeholders who are responsible for designing, planning, implementing, monitoring, and evaluating marine management plans. While its focus is on the performance monitoring and evaluation of MSP, planners and managers should know how to incorporate monitoring and evaluation considerations into the MSP process from its very beginning, and not wait until a plan is completed before thinking about how to measure “success”. Effective performance monitoring and evaluation is only possible when management objectives and expected outcomes are written in a way that is measurable, either quantitatively or qualitatively.
Predicting the economic impacts of the 2017 West Coast salmon troll ocean fishery closure
Authors: Richerson Kate , Leonard Jerry , Holland Daniel S.
Published: July 2018

The ocean salmon fishery on the US West Coast has faced periodic closures of varying extents in order to protect vulnerable runs. These closures can have serious consequences for fishers and fishing communities, and have necessitated the release of millions of dollars of federal disaster aid. The 2017 ocean Chinook troll fishery (the major salmon ocean fishery) is closed between southern Oregon and northern California to protect the Klamath River fall Chinook, which is forecast to return in low numbers. A model of vessel fishing choices was used in combination with an established input-output model to estimate the potential economic impact of this closure on fishers and fishing communities. The analysis predicts that this closure of the ocean fishery will result in a loss of $5.8–$8.9 million in income, $12.8–$19.6 million in sales, and 200–330 jobs. These estimates are only a partial estimate of the economic impacts of the 2017 salmon regulations, as they do not fully account for the effects of the limited season outside of the closed ocean area or the effects on other salmon fisheries (e.g. the gillnet and recreational fisheries). The impacts are not distributed evenly in space, with the largest relative losses occurring in the Coos Bay, Brookings, and Eureka regions. This information may be useful as policymakers consider mitigating economic losses in the fishery and associated communities. Early estimates of economic impacts of fishery closures may also enable quicker determination of the need and extent of disaster assistance and a more timely response.
Management preferences and attitudes regarding environmental impacts from seawater desalination: Insights from a small coastal community
Authors: Heck Nadine , Paytan Adina , Potts Donald , Haddad Brent , Petersen Karen Lykkebo
Published: July 2018

The use of seawater desalination as a water supply option is increasing worldwide. Compared to other marine sectors, studies on marine users' perceptions and attitudes towards this new sector and its impacts on marine ecosystems are very limited. This study assessed diﬀerences in coastal stakeholder groups' preferences for managing marine impacts of a seawater desalination plant in a small coastal community. The majority of respondents placed high importance on the marine ecosystem, including ecosystem features that are less visible and charismatic, and were highly concerned about potential impacts on marine ecosystems and marine activities from the new desalination facility. Coastal residents further rated multiple management measures to reduce and oﬀ-set marine impacts as highly important, but indicated a lack of trust in institutions involved in regulating and managing environmental impacts. Logistic regression revealed that lack of institutional trust and concerns about marine impacts were signiﬁcant predictors of opposition to the desalination facility and appeared to play a critical role in shaping local attitudes towards desalination. Findings further revealed that local opinions were primarily shaped by how respondents used the nearby marine system, and by gender. Age, education, and race did not seem to shape local opinions. At the same time, there were diﬀerences between consumptive and nonconsumptive marine user groups' opinions indicating the potential for conﬂict regarding the most important management strategies.
A user-friendly tool to evaluate the effectiveness of no-take marine reserves
Authors: Villaseñor-Derbez Juan Carlos
Published: July 2018

Marine reserves are implemented to achieve a variety of objectives, but are seldom rigorously evaluated to determine whether those objectives are met. In the rare cases when evaluations do take place, they typically focus on ecological indicators and ignore other relevant objectives such as socioeconomics and governance. And regardless of the objectives, the diversity of locations, monitoring protocols, and analysis approaches hinder the ability to compare results across case studies. Moreover, analysis and evaluation of reserves is generally conducted by outside researchers, not the reserve managers or users, plausibly thereby hindering effective local management and rapid response to change. We present a framework and tool, called “MAREA”, to overcome these challenges. Its purpose is to evaluate the extent to which any given reserve has achieved its stated objectives. MAREA provides specific guidance on data collection and formatting, and then conducts rigorous causal inference analysis based on data input by the user, providing real-time outputs about the effectiveness of the reserve. MAREA’s ease of use, standardization of state-of-the-art inference methods, and ability to analyze marine reserve effectiveness across ecological, socioeconomic, and governance objectives could dramatically further our understanding and support of effective marine reserve management.
Progress in designing and delivering effective fishing industry-science data collection in the UK
Authors: Mangi Stephen
Published: July 2018

This study was undertaken to address the increasing need for a strategic approach to industry–science data collections in the face of reducing resources and growing need for evidence in fisheries management. The aim was to evaluate progress in the development of plans and procedures that can be employed to collect, record and use fishing industry knowledge and data in the evidence base for managing fisheries. This was achieved by reviewing industry‐led data initiatives already undertaken or ongoing within the United Kingdom to document how these projects have/are incorporating fishing industry data into the process of management decision‐making; canvassing stakeholder opinion on data gaps and whether these could be filled by data gathered by commercial fishing vessels; establishing what issues might prevent or stimulate commercial fishing vessels in collecting data when they have the opportunity; and describing guidance on a step‐by‐step process for gathering scientific information such that fishers are empowered to collect the right data, at the right times and in the right format for their fishery. Given recent advances in the collection, interpretation and application of fisheries‐dependent data, we compare progress made in the UK to other areas of the world. We conclude that there is considerable evidence of a paradigm shift from the conventional practice of scientists asking fishers to provide data for scientific analyses towards full engagement of key stakeholders in data collection.
Climate-related displacements of coastal communities in the Arctic: Engaging traditional knowledge in adaptation strategies and policies
Authors: Manrique David Romero , Corral Serafin , Pereira Ângela Guimarães
Published: July 2018

Climate change impacts lead to alterations in migration patterns and the displacement of exposed native communities and peoples in the Arctic region, forcing them to leave their homes and traditional ways of life as a result of rapid local ecological changes. This paper illustrates climate-related displacements and subsequent relocation as extremely complex processes, and proposes traditional knowledge as a relevant source of knowledge both at local level and policy making spheres.The main conclusions are that the representation of indigenous peoples in international governance structures does not guarantee that traditional knowledge is entirely engaged in evidence-based policy making and that traditional knowledge is not always valued as an equal source of knowledge by some relevant scientific bodies. In this context, changing the approach towards a knowledge-systems-based framework would contribute to the development of more concrete policies and strategies for adaptation of Arctic native communities.