bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alfred Russel Wallace’s Darwinian Opposition to Eugenics
Authors: Stack David
Published: November 2024

This article revisits the question of Alfred Russel Wallace’s relationship to eugenics and explores the basis of Wallace’s consistent rejection of attempts to label him a eugenicist. Whereas some scholars have identified an ‘ambiguity’ or ‘tension’ between Wallace’s hereditarianism and his libertarianism and maintained – despite Wallace’s statements to the contrary – that he was, in some senses, a eugenicist, this article argues that Wallace’s oft-repeated claims he was not a eugenicist are fully justified. By exploring Wallace’s relationship with Francis Galton using a hitherto neglected correspondence between the two concerning the establishment of a proposed laboratory, and Wallace’s criticism of non-Darwinian evolutionary mechanisms in the writings of William Bateson and others, this article situates Wallace’s opposition to eugenics in his broader ultra-Darwinian agenda. The article concludes by arguing that it is misleading to characterise Wallace as a eugenicist, and that doing so tends to obscure and confuse our understanding of his thought.
Exploring the impact of COVID-19 on the grammar of schools in project-based learning contexts
Authors: Woods Peter J. , Anderson Emma , Hira Avneet
Published: November 2024

While scholars and public figures have positioned the COVID-19 pandemic as an opportunity for school reform, the response to this potential for change by teachers remains underexplored. In turn, we attend to the following research question: how do teachers at project-based learning high schools conceptualize the changes to education that have occurred in response to the COVID-19 pandemic? In analyzing temporally dispersed interviews with eight teachers from four different schools in the United States between 2020 and 2022, we found that participants recognized changes in the pedagogies, curricula, assessments, and structures in their school systems. In particular, teachers conceptualized these educational shifts through the lenses of technological change, a push for student-centered practices, and an embrace of real world applications of learning. However, they also described a reversal of these changes once in person schooling returned, illustrating an inability of the pandemic to affect the “grammar of schools” (Tyack & Tobin, 1994).
Eco-Friendly Synchronous Spectrofluorimetric Determination of Imipenem, Cilastatin, and Relebactam; Application to Market Formulations and Biological Fluids; Greenness Assessment
Authors: Salem Hesham , Abdelmajed Mahmoud A. , Emad Nadeen , Abdelghany Belal M. , Mahmoud Anas , Ata Amir , Abdelgaleel Mahmoud
Published: November 2024

The proposed study introduces a rapid, sensitive, and simple synchronous spectrofluorimetric technique for simultaneous quantification of relebactam, cilastatin, and imipenem in marketed pharmaceutical forms and biological fluids. Using synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy at Δ λ = 110 nm, cilastatin was detected at 360 nm. Fourier Self-Deconvolution was subsequently applied to the spectrum to estimate relebactam and imipenem at 430 nm and 470 nm, respectively after detection of cilastatin at 360 nm ensuring no cross-interference. The pH was adjusted to 8.0 using 2.0 mL of alkaline borate buffer. This approach allowed for the precise quantification of relebactam, cilastatin, and imipenem through ranges of 50–400 ng mL− 1, 20–500 ng mL− 1, and 50–500 ng mL− 1 respectively. The lower detection and quantitation limits were 9.9 and 29.7 ng mL− 1 for REL, 4.5 and 13.6 ng mL− 1 for CIL and 5.5 and 16.5 ng mL− 1 for IMP. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of studied drugs in their pharmaceutical formulations with a high degree of accuracy and without interference from common excipients. This approach allowed for the precise quantification of relebactam, cilastatin, and imipenem through ranges of 50–400 ng mL− 1, 20–500 ng mL− 1, and 50–500 ng mL− 1, respectively. The proposed method was rigorously validated according to ICH guidelines. Furthermore, the method’s environmental impact was assessed using Eco-scale and Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) techniques.
Two-Grid Stabilized Lowest Equal-Order Finite Element Method for the Dual-Permeability-Stokes Fluid Flow Model
Authors: Haque Md Nazmul , Nasu Nasrin Jahan , Al Mahbub Md. Abdullah , Mohebujjaman Muhammad
Published: November 2024

This paper proposes and investigates the two-grid stabilized lowest equal-order finite element method for the time-independent dual-permeability-Stokes model with the Beavers-Joseph-Saffman-Jones interface conditions. This method is mainly based on the idea of combining the two-grid and the two local Gauss integrals for the dual-permeability-Stokes system. In this technique, we use a difference between a consistent mass matrix and an under-integrated mass matrix for the pressure variable of the dual-permeability-Stokes model using the lowest equal-order finite element quadruples. In the two-grid scheme, the global problem is solved using the standard

$$ P_1-P_1-P_1-P_1 $$

P
1

-

P
1

-

P
1

-

P
1

finite element approximations only on a coarse grid with grid size H. Then, a coarse grid solution is applied on a fine grid of size h to decouple the interface terms and the mass exchange terms for solving the three independent subproblems such as the Stokes equations, microfracture equations, and the matrix equations on the fine grid. On the other hand, microfracture and matrix equations are decoupled through the mass exchange terms. The weak formulation is reported, and the optimal error estimate is derived for the two-grid schemes. Furthermore, the numerical results validate that the two-grid stabilized lowest equal-order finite element method is effective and has the same accuracy as the coupling scheme when we choose

$$ h=H^2 $$

h
=

H
2

.
Partial Identification of the Dark Figure of Crime with Survey Data Under Misreporting Errors
Authors: Fé Eduardo
Published: November 2024

Objective

This article studies how misreporting errors in crime surveys affect our understanding of the Dark Figure of Crime (DFC).

Methods

The paper adopts a Partial Identification framework which relies on assumptions that are weaker (and thus more credible) than those required by parametric models. Unlike common parametric models, Partial Identification handles both under-reporting and over-reporting of crimes (due to, say, stigma, memory errors or misunderstanding of upsetting events). We apply this framework to the Crime Survey for England and Wales to characterise the uncertainty surrounding crimes by severity and geographic region.

Results

Depending on the assumptions considered, the partial identification regions for the DFC vary from [0.000, 0.774] to [0.351, 0.411]. A credible estimate places the true DFC in [0.31, 0.51]. This range was obtained while allowing for a substantive amount of reporting error (25%) and assuming that people do not over-report crimes in surveys (saying they are a victim of crime erroneously or falsely). Across regions, uncertainty is larger in the north of England.

Conclusion

Accounting for misreporting introduces uncertainty about the actual magnitude of the DFC. This uncertainty is contingent on the unknown proportion of misreported crimes in the survey. When this proportion is modest (10% or below), raw survey estimates offer valuable insights, albeit with lingering uncertainty. However, researchers may want to opt for Partial Identification regions based on larger misreported proportions when examining relatively infrequent crimes that carry substantial stigma, such as sexual crimes or domestic violence. The width of the partial identification regions in this paper fluctuates among different regions of England and Wales, indicating varying levels of uncertainty surrounding the DFC in distinct localities. Consequently, previous research relying on parametric assumptions and resulting in singular point estimates necessitates re-evaluation in light of the findings presented herein.
Ernst Cassirer: Forms and transformations of the philosophical concept of truth (1929)
Authors: Endres Tobias , Truwant Simon
Published: November 2024

This special issue focuses on two related topics in Ernst Cassirer’s thought: objectivity and truth. Through this lens, the guest editors attempt to illuminate (a) the historical and systematic value of Cassirer’s philosophical project, (b) the continuing relevance of his account of the plurality and universality of human understanding in view of the crisis of truth that currently permeates Western culture, and (c) the way Cassirer’s style can inspire contemporary scholars who wish to evade the analytic-continental divide. Tobias Endres and Simon Truwant gathered twelve contributions from more analytic oriented authors from the philosophy of science and more continental oriented authors from the philosophy of culture. By bringing these scholars together on a shared topic, they hope to help bridging this divide that is also reflected within Cassirer scholarship by preoccupation with either his philosophy of science or philosophy of culture. The articles in this special issue are preceded by a ceremonial speech that Cassirer gave on the occasion of his assumption of the rectorate of the University of Hamburg on November 7, 1929 and that was translated into English for the first time by the guest editors.
Back to the roots: standardizing root length density terminology
Authors: Wacker Tomke S. , van der Bom Frederik , Delory Benjamin M. , Vetterlein Doris , Postma Johannes A. , Nagel Kerstin A. , Schnepf Andrea , Dresbøll Dorte Bodin
Published: November 2024

The number of studies investigating root length has increased, particularly in the context of root length measurements observed through windows such as minirhizotrons and rhizoboxes. However, there are currently two obstacles constraining their broader utility: (1) the absence of standardized terminology or units for root length data, and (2) the translation from two-dimensional (2D) to three-dimensional (3D) data. Here, we delineate the fundamental disparities between root length measurements obtained from observation windows and via volumetric soil sampling and propose the adoption of more precise terminology to distinguish 2D planar (pRLD) from 3D volumetric (vRLD) root length density measurements. This differentiation should be accompanied with the use of standardized units and should not endeavour to make blanket conversions between dimensions unless this is supported by specific calibration data.
Corporate board reform and capital structure dynamics: evidence from UK
Authors: Ezeani Ernest , Fulgence Samuel , Hu Wansu , Kwabi Frank , Wonu Chizindu
Published: November 2024

Theoretical arguments suggest that corporate board reform will influence firms’ capital structure choices. Consistent with this argument, we examine the impact of corporate board reform on the capital structure dynamics of UK firms. Using 12,384 firm-year observations between 2006 and 2020, we provide evidence of a higher speed of adjustment after board reform. Using an additional analysis, we find that firms with higher agency costs (in the pre-reform phase) are more likely to implement the monitoring effect of debt. Also, our decomposition analysis shows that firms increased both short-term and long-term debt after the board reform, suggesting that improved board monitoring positively impacts firm leverage.Query Our results are robust to alternative leverage proxies and batteries of robustness tests.
Does the presence of a sustainability committee strengthen the impact of ESG disclosure on tax aggressiveness? Insights from North America
Authors: Chandrasena Supun , Matthews Lane , Gerged Ali Meftah
Published: November 2024

We investigate the influence of ESG disclosure on tax aggressiveness within the North American Travel and Leisure (T&L) sectors, specifically examining the role of sustainability committees in this relationship. Our analysis utilizes longitudinal panel data from the USA B3000 and Canadian S&P/TSX indices over the period from 2010 to 2020. Employing fixed-effects panel quantile regression with two distinct measures of tax aggressiveness, our findings indicate that firms with a focus on ESG tend to display higher levels of tax aggressiveness. This suggests that some companies might use strong ESG performance as a facade to obscure aggressive tax strategies. Moreover, our research introduces new evidence that the existence of sustainability committees can both hinder corporate tax aggressiveness and foster an ethical corporate culture, which aligns higher ESG engagement with lower tax aggressiveness. Our study underscores the importance of fostering tax compliance in T&L companies, emphasizing that individuals and corporations, which often seek direct state benefits, regard robust public services as essential for encouraging adherence to tax regulations. Furthermore, sustainability committees play a crucial role in enabling firms to address broader social issues, including tackling tax aggressiveness, thus shaping their sustainability agendas.
Free Internet Access as a Human Right
Authors: Reglitz Merten
Published: November 2024

Merten Reglitz proposes a new human right that ensures Internet access for those who cannot afford it and protects that right from arbitrary interferences by those that would exploit it for harm. The first part of the book justifies the claim for this new right by showing how Internet access is vital for the enjoyment of human rights around the globe. In the second part, Reglitz specifies the content of this right, assessing today's standard threats to Internet access. He recommends a minimum international standard of connectivity and explains how states have misused the Internet. He documents how private companies already manipulate both internet access and content to maximise profit, and how lack of rights enforcement allows people to harm others online. The book establishes that a new human right to free internet access is essential to secure its role for the benefit and progress, not detriment, of humanity.
Adaptive algorithms for drone flight control under communication constraints and information incompleteness
Authors: Li H.
Published: November 2024

With the rapid increase in the use of drones in various applications, including commercial and governmental, and the increasing probability of communication failures and contingencies, research becomes critical to ensure the safety and efficiency of their operations. The aim of this research is to develop adaptive drone flight control algorithms capable of operating effectively under conditions of limited communication and incomplete information to ensure reliable and safe autonomous operation of these systems. The applied methods include computer modelling and simulation, analytical, statistical, functional, deductive and descriptive methods. The study found that the use of performance evaluation methods for complex systems enables the identification of safety and performance criteria for drones, and drone flight control provides basic principles and methods that can be adapted for drones, including autopiloting and navigation. In addition, analyses of satellite communication and navigation prove the need to consider the limitations of this technology when developing drone control algorithms. The combination of these techniques allows for more robust and adaptive drone control systems that can function effectively in complex environments such as communication limitations and incomplete information. Additionally, it was found that the integration of adaptive control algorithms based on these methods allows drones to effectively adapt to variable environmental conditions and make decisions quickly even when communication is lost or information is limited.
The post-COVID design studio: new tools, new rules?
Authors: Spruce Jon , Moriarty Sarah , Norcross Claire
Published: November 2024

The reorientation to remote teaching due to the impact of COVID-19 restrictions proved to be both challenging and compromising, particularly in the context of delivering practice-based design education. Central to the challenges faced by many design tutors was the loss of the design studio as a focal point for engagement and learning. However, delivering teaching remotely through a period of enforced separation also proved that through adversity comes new insights, with the accelerated use of emergent technologies to support distributed working revealing new behaviours and opportunities for learning to take place. In response to COVID-19 restrictions, Miro, the digital whiteboard platform was widely adopted within the UK creative industries and universities alike to facilitate remote engagement. Following a return to campus-based delivery through the Autumn/Fall of 2021, it became evident that some of the pragmatic approaches adopted through necessity had the potential to hold lasting value beyond crisis modes of teaching. This position paper presents a series of reflective studies gathered over three academic years with the aim of (1) understanding the impacts of remote learning as experienced by design students (2) establish clear benefits for the application of online platforms within a blended campus-based delivery and (3) identify emergent characteristics in students’ navigation of the post-COVID design studio.
Binkhorstiidae, a new family of crabs (Decapoda, Brachyura, Retroplumoidea) from the Upper Cretaceous of the Netherlands and Belgium
Authors: van Bakel Barry W.M. , Jagt John W.M. , Fraaije René H.B. , Guinot Danièle , Artal Pedro , Goolaerts Stijn
Published: November 2024

In addition to the type species, Binkhorstia ubaghsii, which is fairly common in the upper part of the Nekum Member (Maastricht Formation) in the wider vicinity of Maastricht (the Netherlands) and Binkhorstia euglypha, which appears to be restricted to the overlying Meerssen Member of the same formation (uppermost Maastrichtian), a third member, B. desaegheri nov. sp., is recorded from the upper middle Santonian of the Campine area in north-east Belgium. The history of Binkhorstia is convoluted, serving as a prime example of how attempts to unravel the higher-level taxonomic position of late Mesozoic crabs may prove difficult. Over time, the genus has been referred to various families or subfamilies, either podotreme or putative eubrachyuran; here the new family Binkhorstiidae is placed in the superfamily Retroplumoidea. Binkhorstiids appear to have been a relatively short-lived endemic group that fell victim to Cretaceous‒Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary perturbations.
Mitigation of self-generated RFI using ASKAP’s phased array feeds
Authors: Lourenço Liroy , Chippendale Aaron Paul
Published: November 2024

This paper presents the effects of radio frequency interference (RFI) mitigation on a radio telescope’s sensitivity and beam pattern. It specifically explores the impact of subspace-projection mitigation on the phased array feed (PAF) beams of the Australian SKA Pathfinder (ASKAP) telescope. The goal is to demonstrate ASKAP’s ability to make science observations during active RFI mitigation. The target interfering signal is a self-generated clock signal from the digital receivers of ASKAP’s PAF. This signal is stationary, so we apply the mitigation projection to the beamformer weights at the beginning of the observation and hold them fixed. We suppressed the unwanted narrowband signal by 31 dB, to the noise floor of an 880 s integration on one antenna, with a typical degradation in sensitivity of just 1.5%. Sensitivity degradation over the whole 36 antenna array of 3.1% was then measured via interferometric assessment of system equivalent flux density (SEFD). These measurements are in line with theoretical calculation of noise increase using the correlation of the beam weights and RFI spatial signature. Further, degradation to the main beam’s gain is

$\pm$

0.4% on average at the half-power point, with no significant change to the gain in the first sidelobe and no variation during extended observations; also consistent with our modelling. In summary, we present the first demonstration of mitigation via spatial nulling with PAFs on a large aperture synthesis array telescope and assess impact on sensitivity and beam shape via SEFD and holography measurements. The mitigation introduces smaller changes to sensitivity than intrinsic sensitivity differences between beams, does not preclude high dynamic range imaging and, in continuum 1 MHz mode, recovers an otherwise corrupted holography beam map and usable astronomical source correlations in the RFI-affected channel.
Agronomic performance of Arabica coffee cultivars for the low-altitude region
Authors: Filla Vinícius Augusto , Coelho Anderson Prates , Morello Orlando Ferreira , Leal Fábio Tiraboschi , Donadelli João Paulo Leme , Coimbra Bruno Moura , Couto Júnior Pedro Afonso , Souza Stefany Silva de , Flôres Jordana de Araújo , Lemos Leandro Borges
Published: November 2024

Temperature increase may cause some regions in the world to become marginal or unsuitable for Arabica coffee cultivation, due to either heat and/or marked water deficit. The feasibility of sustainable coffee production in these regions promotes good opportunity of income and value addition for rural producers within an expanding market. This study aimed to identify short-stature Arabica coffee cultivars with the best agronomic and qualitative performance in a low-altitude region. The experiment was located in northeastern São Paulo state, Brazil, at 565 m above sea level. During the experimental period (2014–2018) the average annual and November temperatures were 23.0 and 24.3°C, respectively, with an average annual water deficit of 109 mm. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with four replicates, and the treatments consisted of 17 short-stature cultivars. The cultivars Catuaí Amarelo IAC 62, Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99, IAC Ouro Amarelo, Obatã IAC 1669-20, Obatã IAC 4739, Tupi IAC 1699-33, IAC 125 RN and IPR 100 stood out in terms of yield, reaching approximately 50 bags/ha. The appropriate choice of Arabica coffee cultivar in a low-altitude region may result in yield increment of up to 74%. The cultivars Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99, Tupi IAC 1699-33 and IAC 125 RN produced grains with the best quality and highest hundred-grain weight, processing yield and percentage of grains retained on sieve 17. Therefore, it is possible for an Arabica coffee cultivar to have high yield and high grain and beverage quality in a low-altitude region, promoting production alternatives for farmers.
First seroprevalence survey of bovine anaplasmosis: an emerging tick-borne disease in commercial livestock and dairy farms in Bangladesh
Authors: Zim Md. Makshuder Rahman , Ahmed Nurnabi , Ahmed Mostak , Miah Md. Abu Haris , Sajib Md. Mahfuzur Rahman , Rabbi Md. Rajiur Rahaman , Rahman Md. Khalilur , Roy Babul Chandra , Talukder Md. Hasanuzzaman
Published: November 2024

Bovine anaplasmosis is an infectious, tick-borne disease caused by Anaplasma species, which is accountable for huge economic loss in dairy industry. This study was aimed to determine the seroprevalence of bovine anaplasmosis on randomly selected 61 commercial dairy farms in 3 intensive regions of Bangladesh. A total of 1472 sera were analysed using VMRD Anaplasma Antibody Test Kit cELISA v2 for the presence of Anaplasma-specific antibodies. The highest regional seroprevalence of Anaplasma was 45.93% in individual level and 74.4% in herd level recorded in the southeast region, whereas it was 48.8% in individual level and 83.3% in herd level in Khagrachari and Sherpur districts, indicating an emerging state of the disease. The herd size and type in herd level and regions, districts, sex, age and breed in individual level were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) associated with anaplasmosis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that cattle aged >1 year had 1.86 times higher odds compared to cattle younger than 1 year. Dairy cows had the highest odds (2.25) of anaplasmosis, followed by dairy heifers (1.68), compared to bulls. Compared to herd sizes of <4, the odds of Anaplasma infection were 11.3 and 7.45 times greater in herd sizes of >28 and 4–28. Crossbred cattle had 2.4 times higher odds of anaplasmosis compared to indigenous cattle. This first seroprevalence study signifies the widespread presence and underscores the importance of monitoring and managing anaplasmosis to safeguard cattle health in Bangladesh. Study on the molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of Anaplasma among cattle populations should be prioritized.
Travelling wave solutions and spreading speeds for a scalar age-structured equation with nonlocal diffusion
Authors: Ducrot Arnaud , Kang Hao
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we study the existence of travelling wave solutions and the spreading speed for the solutions of an age-structured epidemic model with nonlocal diffusion. Our proofs make use of the comparison principles both to construct suitable sub/super-solutions and to prove the regularity of travelling wave solutions.
High-order-mode cavity fed 45° linear polarized antenna for 5G applications
Authors: Yang Yutong , Qi Zihang , Zhao Wenyu , Kou Genqiang , Li Xiuping
Published: November 2024

In this paper, a high-order-mode (HOM) (TE330) cavity-fed 45° linear polarized 6×6 slot array antenna is proposed. The 45° linear polarization is achieved by introducing asymmetric cross slots on the HOM cavity, resulting in low profile and wide bandwidth. The antenna array was verified using standard printed circuit board technology. Measured results show that the impedance bandwidth (

$|S_{11}|\le$

−10 dB) is 13.9% (36.98–42.92 GHz), and the peak gain is 19.3 dBi with a 3-dB gain bandwidth of 13.6%. Attributed to its simple structure, low profile, and wide bandwidth, the presented antenna is a good candidate for 5G applications.
A qualitative study of dentists' and dental students' preparedness to support patients with lived experience of intimate partner violence and abuse
Authors: Farmer Sarah , Ellis Janice , Alderson Hayley
Published: November 2024

Introduction Intimate partner violence and abuse (IPVA) is a public health crisis with long-term implications for an individual's mental and physical health. IPVA can result in head and neck trauma, including oral injuries, placing dentists in a unique position to be able to identify at-risk patients. It is therefore important to understand any barriers dentists may experience when supporting IPVA patients.

Aims The aim of this study was to explore whether dentists and dental students are prepared to support patients with lived experience of IPVA.

Method This study adopted a qualitative cross-sectional research design using focus groups and interviews. Data were collected using the principles of grounded theory and analysed using thematic analysis.

Results Data were collected from 14 dentists and 22 dental students showing that they did not feel confident or prepared in identifying and responding to patients they suspected were experiencing IPVA. Barriers included a lack of practical knowledge and fear of ‘getting it wrong', resulting in professional paralysis.

Conclusion Improving current safeguarding educational frameworks at both the undergraduate and postgraduate stage could be key to improving the confidence and practical knowledge of dental practitioners.
Assessment of oral disease burden among head and neck cancer patients in the Merseyside region
Authors: Jebril Ahmed , Jarad Fadi , Butterworth Chris J. , Bebb Kathryn
Published: November 2024

Introduction Head and neck cancer (HANC) significantly impacts the oral cavity and dental health issues may complicate cancer treatment and post-treatment quality of life. Pre-treatment dental evaluation is critical for identifying and managing existing oral health problems. However, limited literature exists on the dental health status of patients at the time of HANC diagnosis. This study aims to address this gap and emphasise the importance of dental care in the management of HANC.

Methods A retrospective analysis of medical records was conducted on patients scheduled for radiotherapy for HANC. Data on demographic characteristics, tumour characteristics and dental exam findings were extracted from the patient record.

Results Of the 191 included patients, the average age was 62.9 years (SD: 10.09), with 80% being men. The prevalence of dental disease revealed 59% of cases presenting with unstable periodontal disease and an average decayed, missing, and filled teeth score of 19.9. Two-thirds of patients exhibited one or more carious lesions.

Conclusion This retrospective study sheds light on the dental health status of patients with HANC at their pre-treatment evaluation. The high prevalence rates of dental caries and unstable periodontal disease highlight the importance of dental evaluation and intervention as part of the overall management of HANC patients.
Assessing the impact of hard data patterns on Bayesian Maximum Entropy: a simulation study
Authors: Gongnet Emmanuel Ehnon , Agbangba Codjo Emile , Affossogbe Sèdjro A Tranquillin , Vihotogbé Romaric , Glèlè Kakaï Romain
Published: November 2024

This study empirically tested the robustness of Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME) in predicting spatiotemporal data, with an emphasis on skewness, sample size, and spatial dependency level. Simulated data, both Gaussian and non-Gaussian, were generated using the unconditional sequential simulation method, with sample sizes ranging from 100 to 500 at the interval length of 50 and varying skewness (0, 1, 3, 6 and 9) and spatial dependency levels (weak, moderate, and strong). Findings revealed sample size variations and spatial dependence levels did not significantly influence BME prediction’s Mean Square Error (MSE) and bias. While skewness significantly impacted MSE (p-value < 0.001), bias remained unaffected. Moreover, skewness and spatial dependence interactions affected both MSE and bias. Despite this, BME proved robust to sample size and skewness, demonstrating a negligible MSE on the graphical plot (heatmap).
Creative music therapy in preterm infants effects cerebrovascular oxygenation and perfusion
Authors: Scholkmann Felix , Haslbeck Friederike , Oba Emily , Restin Tanja , Ostojic Daniel , Kleiser Stefan , Verbiest Bartha C. H. , Zohdi Hamoon , Wolf Ursula , Bassler Dirk , Bucher Hans Ulrich , Wolf Martin , Karen Tanja
Published: November 2024

Creative music therapy (CMT) has been shown to promote the development of brain function and structure in preterm infants. We aimed to investigate the effect of CMT on cerebral oxygenation and perfusion to examine how the brain reacts to CMT. Absolute levels of cerebrovascular oxygen saturation (StO2) were measured in clinically stable preterm-born neonates (n = 20, gestational age: ≥30 weeks and < 37 weeks) using two near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-based tissue oximeters over the right prefrontal cortex and left auditory cortex. We applied the systemic physiology augmented functional NIRS approach. Each CMT session lasted 55 min and involved 9 intervals, including two 10-minute intervals during which the music therapist hummed and held the neonate. We found that CMT-induced changes in cerebrovascular StO2, perfusion and systemic physiology (i) could be classified into two groups (group 1: increase in StO2 during the first singing interval, group 2: decrease in StO2), (ii) differed in female neonates compared to male neonates, and (iii) correlated with individual blood haematocrit levels. Our exploratory study (i) demonstrates the impact of CMT on the neonate’s physiology and (ii) highlights the need to analyze functional NIRS measurements in neonates separately according to their response pattern to avoid erroneous conclusions, e.g. when only the group average of the signal change is determined.
The association between maternal stress and human milk concentrations of cortisol and prolactin
Authors: Matyas Maja , Apanasewicz Anna , Krzystek-Korpacka Małgorzata , Jamrozik Natalia , Cierniak Agnieszka , Babiszewska-Aksamit Magdalena , Ziomkiewicz Anna
Published: November 2024

Psychosocial stress affects the relationship between prolactin (PRL) and cortisol (CORT). The dynamics of PRL and CORT changes under stress in human milk (HM) are largely unknown. We investigated how maternal stress related to recent life changes affects milk CORT and PRL concentrations. The study involved 116 mothers exclusively breastfeeding 5-month-old infants. Maternal psychological stress was evaluated using the Recent Life Changes Questionnaire (RLCQ). Stress response was determined by administering the cold pressor test and measuring CORT in saliva taken during and in milk collected after the test. Hormones concentrations were assayed using the ELISA method. The hierarchical regression models were run to test the association between maternal RLCQ, salivary CORT, and PRL, and CORT in milk. Maternal RLCQ correlated positively with the CORT in saliva, however, no direct association was found between RLCQ and PRL. After controlling for covariates, a positive association was found between salivary and milk CORT. A negative relationship was observed between salivary CORT and milk PRL. The results of the present study indicate that maternal psychological stress may affect the relationship between CORT and PRL in HM. In response to psychological stress, both hormones transported via milk can program infant development in the early postnatal period.
Maternal factors increase risk of orofacial cleft: a meta-analysis
Authors: Ács Márton , Cavalcante Bianca Golzio Navarro , Bănărescu Mădălina , Wenning Alexander Schulze , Hegyi Péter , Szabó Bence , Harnos Andrea , Gerber Gábor , Varga Gábor
Published: November 2024

Orofacial clefts are among the most prevalent birth defects, with severe medical and psychosocial consequences. Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL ± P) and cleft palate only (CPO) affect on average nearly 1/700 births worldwide. The cause of most non-syndromic cases is unknown. Maternal factors and disorders are assumed to modify the risk of orofacial clefting. In the present study, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to analyze the effects of maternal underweight, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, as well as smoking, and alcohol consumption on the development of orofacial clefts. As CL ± CP and CPO have distinct pathogenetic backgrounds, these cleft subtypes were assessed separately. Altogether, 5,830 studies were identified and 64 of them met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Obesity significantly elevated the odds of clefting (OR = 1.28, CI:1.08–1.51) (ORCL±CP = 1.23, CI:1.01–1.50; ORCPO = 1.31, CI:0.97–1.77). Maternal underweight also significantly increased the odds of clefting (OR = 1.21 CI:1.06–1.38). In mothers with type 1 diabetes, the odds of cleft development were significantly elevated (OR = 1,75, CI:1.45–2.12). Essential hypertension was also associated with higher odds of developing cleft (OR = 1.55, CI:1.18–2.03). Smoking during pregnancy significantly elevated the odds of cleft development (OR = 1.55, CI:1.34–1.79) (ORCL±CP = 1.58, CI:1.36–1.83; ORCPO = 1.50, CI:1.15–1.96). Passive smoking was even more damaging than active tobacco use, but alcohol consumption had no effect. In conclusion, this study clearly showed the importance of maintaining normal maternal body weight and emphasized the importance of hypertension and type 1 diabetes care in the first months of pregnancy. It also highlighted similarnegative effects of passive and active smoking, while alcohol consumption did not seem to be a significant risk factor for cleft development. However, there is a complete lack of available studies on the interactions of these factors, which is an essential direction for improving prevention.
Motor inhibition during voluntary gait initiation in young and older adults
Authors: Kwag Eunyoung , Komnik Igor , Bachmann Dominic , Zijlstra Wiebren
Published: November 2024

Based on a novel approach, this study explores feasibility and relevance of an inhibition task for studying age-related differences in motor inhibition during gait initiation. When presented with a go-signal, young adults (YA, n = 24) and older adults (OA, n = 55) were required to promptly initiate gait. Participants completed 3 blocks of 12 gait trials. Each block contained 3 stop trials in which the go-signal was followed by a stop-signal that required the person to block gait initiation and remain standing. Stop-signals were presented randomly and with different delays. Data analyses focused on changes in the centre of pressure (COP) and success of motor inhibition. Compared to go-trials, stop trials resulted in a marked decrease of timing and amplitude of COP displacement. Overall success rate of motor inhibition was low (29% in YA vs. 19% in OA) and decreased with increasing COP displacement. Inhibitory success was associated with two strategies: a pro-active cautious COP displacement; and the inhibition of further COP displacement after a stop-signal. Results demonstrate age-related differences in adaptive behavior as well as boundaries beyond which neither old nor young persons were successful. This study yields important insights into motor inhibition during gait and essential input nto further studies.
Hypoxia and collagen deposition in the kidneys infected with Acanthamoeba sp.
Authors: Kot Karolina , Grabowska Marta , Tarnowski Maciej , Kupnicka Patrycja , Tomasiak Patrycja , Kosik-Bogacka Danuta , Łanocha-Arendarczyk Natalia
Published: November 2024

Acanthamoeba spp. are facultative, opportunistic pathogens that are found in diverse environments. In the hosts, they lead to multi-organ disease. Recent studies reported that they may induce changes in the kidneys of hosts. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of Acanthamoeba sp. on hypoxia and collagen deposition in the kidneys of immunocompetent and immunosuppressed mice infected with Acanthamoeba sp. The results strongly suggest that Acanthamoeba sp. induces hypoxia in mice with normal and reduced immune response by increasing gene and/or protein expression of HIF1α as well as HIF2α. Additionally, the activation of these factors is probably induced via NOX2/ROS. Hypoxia promotes vessel formation, and we found that angiogenesis occurs in the kidneys of mice infected with the parasite regardless of their immunological status. The proangiogenic factors released in hypoxic conditions cause modulation and inflammation in the kidney cells, which in turn leads to collagen deposition via TGF-β. This work reveals mechanisms occurring in the hosts infected with Acanthamoeba sp., highlights as well as supports the relevance of pathophysiology in the kidneys in hosts with systematic acanthamoebiasis.
A sensitive electrochemical sensor based on CoWO4/multi-walled carbon nanotubes for the selective determination of chlorpromazine hydrochloride
Authors: Zeng Si , Zhu Peiyao , Liu Deyu , Hu Yongmei , Huang Qitong , Huang Haiping
Published: November 2024

An electrochemical sensor based on cobalt tungstate/multi-walled carbon nanotube (CoWO4/MWCNT) nanocomposites was prepared for the rapid and sensitive detection of the phenothiazine drug chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ).
Electrostatic interactions drive phase separation in Pup protein
Authors: Sekar Narendran , Sahu Pushpkant , Sudhakar Swathi , Kotamarthi Hema Chandra
Published: November 2024

A new peptide–protein coacervative system driven by electrostatic interactions is identified and characterized.
Nickel-catalyzed silylation of aryl thianthrenium salts with silylzinc pivalates
Authors: Tian Zhenfeng , Cui Zhili , Hu Ying , Zhang Jiabin , Ruan Liangjie , Li Jie
Published: November 2024

A modular nickel-catalyzed silylation of aryl thianthrenium salts with salt-stabilized silylzinc pivalates is disclosed, thus providing an expedient route to rapidly incorporate silyl motifs into aromatics.
A family of luminescent heterometallic coordination polymers based on lanthanide(iii) ions and 6-methyl-2-oxonicotinate: near-infrared/visible emitters and colour fine-tuning
Authors: Razquin-Bobillo Laura , García Jose Angel , Hernández Ricardo , Rodríguez-Diéguez Antonio , Cepeda Javier
Published: November 2024

A family of Ln-based water-soluble coordination polymers with a 6-methyl-2-oxonicotinate ligand presents good photoluminescence properties in both media. A compound containing three mixed metal ions emits white light with a high quantum yield.
Improving upon rechargeable battery technologies: on the role of high-entropy effects
Authors: Zhou Zihao , Ma Yuan , Brezesinski Torsten , Breitung Ben , Wu Yuping , Ma Yanjiao
Published: November 2024

An overview of high-entropy strategies for batteries is provided, emphasizing their unique structural/compositional attributes and positive effects on stability and performance, alongside a discussion of key challenges and future research directions.
Radiative energy transfer enabling upconverted circularly polarized persistent luminescence for multilevel information encryption
Authors: Mao Haolai , Yang Xuefeng , Shi Yonghong , Zhao Tonghan , Zhang Yi , Jin Xue , Duan Pengfei , Zhou Jin
Published: November 2024

Optically active persistent luminescent materials are highly promising for anticounterfeiting applications due to their distinct luminescent features and the ability to display unique optical polarization properties.
Mn-doped WSe2 as an efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen production and as anode material for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Kagkoura Antonia , Wei Shuangying , Zeng Lunjie , Olsson Eva , Oliveira Filipa M. , Luxa Jan , Sofer Zdeněk
Published: November 2024

Using a simple method, we synthesized Mn-doped WSe2, which exhibited outstanding electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution and promising performance as anode material for lithium-ion batteries.
Green synthesis, characterization, morphological diversity, and colorectal cancer cytotoxicity of gold nanoparticles
Authors: Akhtar Sultan , Zuhair Fatimah , Nawaz Muhammad , Khan Firdos Alam
Published: November 2024

This study synthesizes gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using gum Arabic (GA) and cinnamon (CNM) extracts. The AuNPs@GA and AuNPs@CNM show cytotoxicity against colorectal cancer cells (HCT-116), suggesting potential as a treatment option.
Fully conjugated covalent organic frameworks with high conductivity as superior cathode materials for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Qin Xudong , Tang Haoran , Zhao Haiyang , Shao Lin , Liu Chunchen , Ying Lei , Huang Fei
Published: November 2024

This manuscript presents the synthesis of fully conjugated covalent organic frameworks, TBI-COF-O and TBI-COF-N, via aldol condensation, and highlights their performance as cathodes in Li-ion batteries with notable conductivities and capacities.
Inverse analysis-guided development of acid-tolerant nanoporous high-entropy alloy catalysts for enhanced water-splitting performance
Authors: Bolar Saikat , Yuan Chunyu , Jeong Samuel , Ito Yoshikazu , Fujita Takeshi
Published: November 2024

Through material-driven inverse analysis, the acid-tolerant high-entropy catalyst, composed of Al, Au, Ir, Nb, Pt, Rh, Ru, and Ta, exhibited superior catalytic activity and stability in acidic environments, outperforming Pt and IrO2 catalysts.
Enhanced cycling performance of B-doped LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathodes prepared by the solid-state method
Authors: Wang Saijing , Zhang Maolin , Yan Yangxi , Zhang Dongyan , Wang Yuan , Cao Gang , Shi Jianzhang , Sun Xiaofei
Published: November 2024

Boron doped Ni-rich cathodes are successfully prepared by the solid-state method. The formation of strong B–O bonds enhances the structural stability of NCM811.
Root-cause analyses for 3D intermolecular packing network formation in central unit extended small molecular acceptors
Authors: Guo Jiaxin , Cao Xiangjian , Xu Zheng , He Tengfei , Bi Xingqi , Yao Zhaoyang , Guo Yaxiao , Long Guankui , Li Chenxi , Wan Xiangjian , Chen Yongsheng
Published: November 2024

A root-cause analysis discloses the critical role of central halogenation and extension in forming enhanced-3D intermolecular packing networks of SMAs.
Explore the Co-evolution of Environment and Life in Geological History: Recent Progress at IVPP Laboratory of Palaeoenvironment
Authors: Zhou Xinying , Wu Yan , Ge Junyi
Published: November 2024

The co-evolution of climate-environment and ancient vertebrates fossil human are core topics in the theory of biological evolution. At the micro level, we hope to understand the feeding habits of some important groups of organisms in ancient ecosystems, such as dinosaurs, birds, and mammals, as well as their related feeding behaviors, migration patterns, and ecological niches. This requires a comprehensive analysis of key global climate processes during critical periods, the evolution of terrestrial ecosystems, and their relationship with the origin, evolution, and extinction of ancient fossil fauna. Similarly, changes in global climate and ancient monsoon systems have played important roles in the origin, migration, diffusion and behavioral patterns of ancient human being. The domestication of animals and plants and the origin of agriculture are the most representative examples of the co-evolution of human and ecosystem. The early agricultural society not only adapted to most of the area of the terrestrial ecosystem, but also transformed it into the human ecosystem to a large extent.
A Brief History of Space Science in China
Authors: Wu Ji
Published: November 2024

The article briefly reviews the development history of space science in China, from the preparation period in the 1950s and 1960s, the first science mission Double Star Program (DSP), to the current Strategic Priority Program (SPP) on space science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Both science objectives and payload technologies of the missions are addressed. The key management issues, such as longterm planning and the maximization of science output, are also mentioned. In addition, it also stresses the importance of international cooperation in space science.
Association between gene polymorphism of TLR2 and serum level of it in atopic dermatitis in Al-Najaf Governorate, Iraq
Authors: Kamil Ibbadi Ataa , Abdul Hussein Mejbel Fatima
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study was to investigate the polymorphism of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in patients with atopic dermatitis using the T-ARMS-PCR technology. The levels of TLR2 in the serum of these patients were then determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent test (ELISA). For a period of 16 months, from 1/5/2022 to 1/8/2023, The 100 samples in this study were divided into two groups: the patients (70), whose clinical diagnosis of atopic dermatitis (AD) is confirmed by dermatologists, and the control groups (30), whose immunological and biochemical analyses confirmed their status. Patients and controls were arranged according to age and gender, with age groups further divided into five categories: 1-7, 7-16, 16-33, 33-45, and >45 years, about 70 out of 100 AD samples have TLR2 gene polymorphisms in CC, TT, and TC, and serum TLR2 levels were greater in patients than in controls (p-value=0.029*). In conclusion, atopi dermatitis may be caused by a gene polymorphism in TLR2 in (CC, TT, and TC). Additionally, immunological analysis revealed that AD patients had higher serum levels of TLR2 than did healthy individuals.