bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Holographic modulation of a structured light array through a general 4D redefinable network
Authors: Li Hengyang , Chen Tianting , Xu Jiaming , Zhang Huaizhi , Xu Gang , Qin Yingxiong
Published: February 2025

Highly flexible phase holograms have significantly advanced the manipulation of various structured light beams and their arrays. Although numerous methods for phase modulation of structured light arrays have been provided, they frequently encounter challenges related to excessive specialization and limited degrees of freedom. Additionally, the generation of phase holograms typically necessitates iterative optimization, which constrains their real-time application potential. This paper introduces ArrayMuxer4D, a strategy leveraging abstract parameter space and neural network Fourier series solver. The core innovation lies in identifying the unique first-order characteristic phase function of structured light and employing a four-dimensional parameter space to uniformly describe different types of structured lights, as opposed to the traditional pixelated definition. Remarkably, the neural network's one-way computation mode ensures high speed, and we further report for the first time that the resolution of the output phase hologram can be decoupled from the network structure, implying that ArrayMuxer4D can natively produce phase hologram of any resolution. Experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of ArrayMuxer4D in generating Airy beam arrays, planar and spatial perfect vortex arrays, multi-channel compound perfect vortex arrays, snowflake intensity arrays, and even specified complex amplitude distributions, all using a standard phase-only spatial light modulator. By meticulously designing the algorithm structure, we achieve high performance in fidelity, speed, and versatility, positioning ArrayMuxer4D as a promising tool for applications in free-space optical communication, structured light microscopy, computational imaging, and parallel laser direct writing.
Display neutral color prediction model based on ambient chromaticity and surround ratio
Authors: Yoon Seonyoung , Kwak Youngshin , Kim Hyosun
Published: February 2025

This study proposes a neutral color prediction model designed to determine the chromaticity of a display perceived as having no hue under various ambient lighting conditions. The model is based on neutral color data points collected across 68 experimental conditions, incorporating nine ambient chromaticity levels and multiple surround ratios. It predicts how the display's neutral color changes based on the luminance ratio between the display and ambient light, particularly when the display is brighter than the surrounding environment. Validation results demonstrate the model's effectiveness in predicting the preferred display white point.
Experimental investigation on generalized Brewster effect for s-polarized terahertz waves at planar Si-air interfaces with a thin doped layer
Authors: Gan Minxia , Hanafusa Hiroaki , Kadoya Yutaka
Published: February 2025

The disappearance of reflection at dielectric interfaces, called the Brewster effect (BE), is one of the fundamentals of optics. Although it occurs, in the original concept, only for p-polarized waves incident at a specific angle, called the Brewster angle (BA), which is determined solely by the permittivity of the two media, the BA for p-polarization is altered, and a similar zero-reflection can also occur for s-polarization in the cases involving magnetic material, anisotropic material, two-dimensional (2D) conducting material such as graphene, and artificial structures such as metamaterial and metasurface. They are called generalized Brewster effect (GBE) and are expected to be a noble tool for various wave control including efficient absorption. In addition, we have recently found that the GBE for the s-polarization at a flat interface sandwiching a conducting layer, similar to the 2D material case, is a key for improving the sensitivity of terahertz spectroscopy to the carrier transport at semiconductor surfaces. However, so far, there has been no report of an experiment on the GBE for s-polarization at such a flat dielectric interface. In this work, we present an experiment that clearly demonstrates the GBE of this type using a thin doped layer on the surface of a Si substrate.
Multichannel upconversion of terahertz radiation in an optical disk resonator
Authors: Suresh Mallika Irene , Sedlmeir Florian , Vogt Dominik W. , Santamaría Botello Gabriel , Strekalov Dmitry V. , Schwefel Harald G. L.
Published: February 2025

Second-order nonlinear optical processes allow the conversion of electromagnetic signals to a higher frequency domain. Such so-called "upconversion" processes have been of interest for the optical detection of terahertz signals for decades. To enhance the nonlinear interaction, many investigations have focused on using high quality resonators, which improve the upconversion efficiency but limit the bandwidth. Here, we present a hybrid scheme that takes advantage of the high optical quality of a crystalline resonator while allowing the upconversion of signals at multiple frequency bands. We observed upconversion of six THz channels with MHz bandwidth, centered around 0.157 THz, and separated by about 10 GHz. The highest photon conversion efficiency at 0.157 THz was observed to be 3 × 10−6 per milliWatt of optical pump power. By numerically analyzing the landscape of nonlinear coupling in such resonators, we establish the conditions under which the demonstrated scheme can serve as an efficient multi-channel upconverter.
Ultrasensitive dynamic ultraviolet imaging based on a Ga2O3 photodetector array
Authors: Chen Tiwei , Liu Nan , Cheng Suzhen , Zhang Xiaodong , Ding Peng , Zeng Chunhong , Zhang Li , Guo Gaofu , Yang An , Hu Yu , Li Zhucheng , Zhao Dengrui , Zhang Huanyu , Dai Shige , Ye Jiawei , Gong Jingwu , Ru Zhanqiang , Shi Wenhua , Zeng Zhongming , Song Helun , Zhang Baoshun
Published: February 2025

Defects and noise in Ga2O3 detectors have traditionally limited their practical application. In this work, by reducing the triethylgallium flow from 200 sccm to 50 sccm, oxygen vacancy was effectively suppressed, leading to a transition in noise from Lorentzian to flicker-type, with a significant decrease in noise current from 0.15 nA to 1.01 pA. This improvement enhanced the detector’s performance, yielding high sensitivity (3.72 A/W), fast response time (τd1/τd2 = 1.6/13 ms), and solar-blind detection characteristics. Leveraging this low-noise detector, an 8 × 8 photodetector array and UV imaging system were developed, capable of target identification at distances up to 3 m, detecting UV radiation at intensities of 2.6 μW/cm2, and capturing real-time spatial movement of point light sources. These advancements mark a significant contribution to the development of high-speed, high-sensitivity, solar-blind UV imaging systems.
Detection of arbitrary vortex beams using computer-generated holograms printed on azo-carbazole polymer film
Authors: Kinashi Kenji , Yamazaki Ikuma , Jessie Jackin Boaz
Published: February 2025

Optical vortices, carried by light beams, are of significant interest due to their intrinsic properties, such as orbital angular momentum and unbounded topological charge, making them valuable for numerous applications. However, conventional methods for generating and detecting these beams often rely on bulky optical setups or complex material fabrication. In this paper, we present a simple and efficient approach for the simultaneous detection of multiple vortex beams. By digitally printing computer-generated holograms on an azo-carbazole polymer film, we generate multiple collinearly superposed optical vortex beams of arbitrary topological charge. Then, we detect the individual topological charges from the superposed beam by employing a second computer-generated hologram. The second hologram diffracts each individual vortex beam to a pre-defined spatial position, and the individual topological charges can be determined by detecting these positions. We show the simultaneous detection of up to three vortex beams using a straightforward and compact arrangement. This technique offers an accessible solution for potential use in optical encryption, storage, and communication technologies.
Depressive symptomatology as an explanation of suicidal behavior in old age
Authors: Segura Cardona Alejandra , Cardona Arango Maria Dorys , Segura-Cardona Angela , Robledo Marín Carlos , Muñoz Rodríguez Diana , Salazar Flórez Emilio , Muñoz Arroyave Ovidio , Restrepo Ochoa Diego
Published: February 2025

Objetive. To establish the relationship between depressive symptoms and suicidal behavior in older people residing in the urban areas of five Colombian cities.Methods. Quantitative, analytical study to evaluate associated factors in a survey of 2506individuals older than 60 years of age. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis was carried out, taking the dependent variable: suicidal behavior and independent variables: depressive symptoms, and demographic, social and health conditions to adjust the final model. Hypothesis tests and crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were also calculated.
Results. Suicidal behavior was 45.8%, with ahighest proportion in adults from Pereira, followed by residents in Medellín and Santa Marta. The variability of risk is explained in 51.9%: depressive symptoms, discomfort, physical inactivity and low perception of quality of life. Conclusions. Suicidal behavior in older people is a multifactorial phenomenon and preventable, which requires early detection of depressive symptoms, followed by the promotion of physical activity and the subjective perception of quality of life. Therefore, public health policies are needed that promote happiness, dignify old age and respect their rights.
Kontinentální a angloamerický precedent na prahu 21. století
Authors: Kühn Zdeněk
Published: February 2025

Author examines the role of precedent in the world legal cultures, common law and civil law. The article particularly deals with civil law. Although basic ideological premise of common law is the formal binding farce of precedent (principle stare decisis) and the basic ideological principle of civil law the rule that postulates precedent without binding farce (often perceived as its normative irrelevancy), in fact the real approaches of those both cultures are situated closer than one could see at first sight. The basic reason is the fact that the bindingness is not necessarily described in its strictly formal nature, but it is also possible to recognize weaker forms of binding farce; particularly the normative farce, when in spite of not being formally binding, precedent influences the judge in a normative way. In this sense, the judge can decide contrary to precedent, however she has to avoid arbitrariness. Therefore, the judge has to use the complex reasoning and justification why she did not follow the precedent. The author tries to explain rationales that lead to prima facie different approaches toward precedent in both world legal cultures. Common law is built on precedents, thus formal bindingness is conditio sine qua non of the legal system. In contrast, far prevailing way of thinking of the civil lawyer is deduction from the statute. The civil law judge theoretically attempts to find the answer she needs even in the situation when the statutes does not answer anything at all. Further, while common law supreme courts traditionally function on the principle a certiorari, i.e. the possibility to choose the cases that are going to be reviewed (their main function is, therefore, creation of new body of law, precedents), the civil law supreme courts usually function retrospectively – their primary role is the correction of the errors of the lower courts within the judicial system and their precedential (prospective) function is far more by-product of this activity. The article compares the opinions of many courts of various nations on the role of their precedents and the possibility to overrule their precedents. Author views some traditional notions and misconceptions of civil law as a rigid obstacle on the journey of the civil law countries toward the better conception of justice and judiciary. Therefore, the civil law culture has to create a new and rational conception of precedent, the conception that is not deformed by the traditional and erroneous ideology of civil law system. The conception should require the explicit overruling and distinguishing of precedent, thereby it should prohibit a silent overruling that traditionally prevails in civil law. The silent overruling is potential element of chaos within the judicial system. The decisions of the Czech Constitutional Court which view the precedent of the supreme court rationally and require persuasive justification in order to overrule precedent, are the first step towards this new conception.
Vztah nového zákoníku práce k budoucí soukromoprávní rekodifikaci
Authors: Bělina Miroslav
Published: February 2025

At the moment, the preparation of the new Civil Code and the Labour Code is in full swing. The mutual relation of the labour law and the civil law is high on the agenda not only in the Czech Republic, but also in European and worldwide scale. When drafting the new Labour Code it is necessary to bear in mind that the essential difference between the labour law and the civil law consists in public law interventions in contractual relations resulting in significant limitation of contractual liberty. The individual contractual liberty is, in labour law, also limited by the collective will, i.e. by collective agreements. Apart from the differences of the civil law and the labour law, on the other hand, the new conceptual regulation of both these Codes must, however, be based on unity of the legal order and its mutual penetration. Therefore, the future Civil Code should play the integrating role within the framework of the private law and should be lex generalis for the field of labour law relations, especially in the general part thereof.
Sociálně-právní ochrana dětí – aktuální problémy
Authors: Radvanová Senta
Published: February 2025

The article deals with the current issues emerging as a result of application of the regulation of social and legal protection. It is the Act No. 359/1999 Coll. as amended that is at stake. After 1st of January 2003, substantive change occurred in the competency of state organs authorized to provide social and legal protection. It happened so pursuant to the effect of laws which introduced the regional administration (Regional Authorities) and extended the powers of communities (Community Authorities). Consequently District Authorities came to be abolished which for years had been the focus of social and legal protection. Further, the paper deals with the so called authorized persons, who, within their authorization, are (to a limited extent) empowered to act as organs of social and legal protection.
Nový český autorský zákon a jeho působení v kontextu vnitrostátního i evropského vývoje
Authors: Kříž Jan
Published: February 2025

On December 1, 2000 the Act No. 121/2000 Coll., on Copyright, Rights relating to Copyright and Amendments to other Acts (Copyright Act) entered into force. After more than 35 years it supersedes the original copyright regulation (Act No. 65/1965 Coll., on literary, scientific works and works of art, in wording of subsequent provisions /Copyright Act/) and represents very progressive norm responding to the continually accelerating technical and technological development in the field of creation and use (understand the impact of the phenomena of so called “Information society”) of author’s works with a very marked accent to an achievement of full compatibility with the right of European Union in the sense of a reflection of a series of relevant directions of the Community and other documents of international law from the sphere of the copyright protection. It is a completely new provision from the point of view of contents and also conception regulating not only the copyright and rights relating to copyright but also the right of compilers to the databases created by him and also the field of protection of rights and collective administration of copyrights relating to copyright in the past solved in a separate act. The continental conception of copyright remains preserving but in comparison with the original purely monistic conception there is dualistic, respectively quasi dualistic conception of personality and property rights the basis at present. Important is the legal definition of some meritorious terms of copyright (f. e. the author as an individual person), the definitions of which were the subject of doctrinaire interpretations up to now. In accordance with the right of community we observe the strengthening of legal safeguard of subjects of copyright relationships, apart from other things also with respect to the principle of contractual freedom (compare the original strict and non-flexible regulation), what leads in its consequence to the possibility that the author can treat the property rights in the framework of granting (constituting) authorisation to exercise the right to use the work (licence) in conformity with his will. Also the regulation of the protection of computer programs and databases is in principle identical with the conception of the right of the European Union. In addition to the traditional instruments of the protection of copyright, there is also possible to use subsidiary other general legal provisions, especially (in conformity with the German law) the provisions for protection against unfair competition. In conclusion is to state that the new copyright manifests that it is a norm based consistently on the European context, creating extremely compatible milieu for protection of results of intellectual creative activity in global European space.
The comparison of imagery training and mindfulness meditation training on competitive anxiety and heart rate variability in university athletes: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Pakulanon Sasima , Petviset Haruthai
Published: February 2025

Objectives

This study aimed to compare the effects of imagery training and mindfulness meditation training on competitive anxiety and heart rate variability in university athletes in Chiangrai, Thailand.

Methods

30 university athletes were randomly allocated into three groups: imagery training group, mindfulness meditation training group and control group. The participants in the training group were assigned to attend imagery or mindfulness meditation training for 30 min, 3 times a week for 8 weeks. The control group participants received a brochure containing relaxation techniques for stress reduction. Before, after 4 weeks, and after 8 weeks, the heart rate variability was assessed, and a Thai version of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2R (CSAI-2R), including somatic anxiety, cognitive anxiety, and self-confidence subscale, was completed by the participants. We performed two-way repeated measure ANOVA tests to determine the interaction effect of group by time. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05, and Bonferroni-correction post hoc tests was used for multiple comparisons.

Results

The results revealed that a significant group-time interaction effect of cognitive state anxiety was found in the mindfulness meditation group (p<0.05). Post hoc analysis with Bonferroni-correction adjustment revealed that the cognitive state anxiety in the mindfulness meditation group significantly decreased after 8 weeks of training. Additionally, after 8 weeks of training, the cognitive state anxiety in the mindfulness meditation group was significantly lower than that in the control group. However, there was no significant group-time interaction for somatic state anxiety, self-confidence, or heart rate variability after training. Additionally, both mindfulness meditation and imagery groups showed trends to improve HRV, self-confidence, and decrease somatic state anxiety.

Conclusions

In conclusion, the results obtained here clearly show that the university athletes benefit from 8 weeks of mindfulness meditation training, which reduces cognitive state anxiety.
Curved geometric-phase optical element fabrication using top-down alignment
Authors: Park Gayeon , Kim Minseok , Won Kanghee , Song Seok Ho
Published: February 2025

Advanced optical technologies, such as next-generation displays and holographic systems, demand high efficiency, lightweight designs, compact dimensions, and compatibility with curved and thin substrates. However, current optical devices for virtual and augmented reality displays, such as surface relief and holographic gratings, face challenges like light scattering, low optical efficiency, and limited scalability. Here, we present a geometric phase optical element (GPOE) fabricated using geometric-phase modulation. A pixelated nano grating system was employed, and reactive mesogens were aligned and transferred via a top-down imprinting process. The resulting GPOE exhibits a thin profile, compatibility with curved surfaces, and scalability for mass production. Integrating additional optical components, we realized a multi-focal GPOE and validated its optical performance. This innovation highlights the potential of GPOEs as compact, next-generation optical components for advanced curved-surface systems.
Application of non-destructive MARVIN and NIR seed screening of pre-breeding material: A case study on common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), white lupin (Lupinus albus) and Andean lupin (L. mutabilis)
Authors: Pipan Barbara , Sinkovič Lovro , Neji Mohamed , Meglič Vladimir , Susek Karolina , Kroc Magdalena , Bellucci Elisa , Bitocchi Elena , Papa Roberto
Published: February 2025

Grain legumes are important for sustainable agriculture due to their agronomic and nutritional properties. In this study, a rapid, high-throughput, non-destructive seed screening was performed on 835 lines of Phaseolus vulgaris, Lupinus albus and L. mutabilis grown under a sub-alpine climate. The lines were analysed for seed size characteristics (thousand seed weight – TSW, width and length) using a MARVIN analyser and for protein and moisture content using near-infrared transmittance spectroscopy. The results showed a strong correlation between TSW and seed size in all species, while protein content varied inversely with moisture content, especially in the Lupinus species. Regression analysis identified moisture content as a key factor for protein content, which explained up to 86.2% of the variance in L. mutabilis. Principal component analysis showed that trait variation was more strongly influenced by genetic and other environmental factors than by geographical origin. Lines selected based on normalised rank (NR) and weighted trait index (WTI) methods were characterised by balanced trait profiles, such as high TSW and protein content with optimal moisture contents. These results underline the importance of integrating non-destructive screening methods into pre-breeding programs. In this way, breeders can efficiently select legume seeds with superior agronomic and nutritional traits, such as optimal seed size, high protein content and adequate moisture. This approach not only improves the selection process, but also ensures the development of legume varieties that meet both agricultural and nutritional standards.
Comparative Analysis of K-Medoids and Purity K-Medoids Methods for Identifying Accident-Prone Areas in North Aceh Regency
Authors: Hasdyna Novia , Dinata Rozzi Kesuma
Published: February 2025

Purpose: This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive comparative analysis between K-Medoids and Purity K-Medoids clustering methods for identifying accident-prone areas in North Aceh Regency. The analysis was carried out to provide valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders to implement targeted interventions as well as improve road safety measures in the region.
Methods: This study compared the performance of K-Medoids and Purity K-Medoids, on accident-prone area data in North Aceh Regency. The algorithm performance was measured using the Davies-Bouldin Index (DBI) method, where a low value signifies superior performance. Additionally, the number of iterations produced by K-Medoids and Purity K-Medoid methods were compared, with lower iterations indicating better performance.
Result: The results showed that Purity K-Medoids had superior performance with an average of 2 iterations and DBI value of 0.7847 across 10 testing runs, while K-Medoids obtained 13.4 iterations and 1.5128, respectively.
Novelty: The study offers valuable insights into the effectiveness and efficiency of clustering methods for identifying accident-prone areas, as guides for policymakers and stakeholders in implementing targeted interventions to improve road safety measures. Additionally, the results provide a methodological framework for evaluating clustering algorithms in similar geographical contexts, enhancing the understanding of their applicability and performance in real-world scenarios.
Impact of NEW SAKPOLE on Original Local Government Revenue Post-COVID-19: A Case Study of Central Java Province BAPENDA
Authors: Saputri Rivi , Mutiarin Dyah
Published: February 2025

Purpose: This research scrutinizes the impact of NEW SAKPOLE on increasing Original Local Government Revenue (PAD) post-pandemic in Central Java Province BAPENDA.
Methods: This research employed qualitative methods with a descriptive research approach. The types and sources of data used were primary and secondary data. Data collection techniques were conducted by looking for references from various sources, such as reports, previous research journal articles, and news sources related to research. Since the data analysis techniques utilized in NEW SAKPOLE application research must be appropriate to the data collection type, qualitative analysis was performed to analyze data collected from interviews, observations, and FGDs.
Result: The research results uncovered that NEW SAKPOLE is a public service innovation by the Central Java Government that encourages people to be obedient and disciplined when paying motor vehicle taxes. Implementing this application service is highly effective, as it can save people's time and energy and does not cause crowds, especially during and after the pandemic. Other governments can imitate this innovation to increase revenue from the tax sector, especially the motor vehicle tax sector, which potentially increases Original Local Government Revenue in Central Java Province.
Novelty: This research enriches literature by discovering the impact of implementing NEW SAKPOLE on increasing Original Local Government Revenue. This research provides new insights and sound examples for related parties regarding implementing the E-SAMSAT application in facilitating Motor Vehicle Tax (PKB) payments by considering post-COVID-19 as the current condition when this research was conducted. This study also completes a sector-by-sector analysis that has yet to be carried out in previous studies regarding the implementation of NEW SAKPOLE.
Siamese Neural Networks with Chi-square Distance for Trademark Image Similarity Detection
Authors: Suyahman  , Sunardi  , Murinto  , Arfiani Nur Khusna
Published: February 2025

Purpose: The objective of this study is to address the limitations of existing trademark image similarity analysis methods by integrating a Chi-square distance metric within a Siamese neural network framework. Traditional approaches using Euclidean distance often fail to accurately capture the complex visual features of trademarks, leading to suboptimal performance in distinguishing similar trademarks. This research aims to improve the precision and robustness of trademark comparison by leveraging the Chi-square distance, which is more sensitive to image variations.
Methods: The approach involves modifying a Siamese neural network traditionally employing Euclidean distance with the use the Chi-square distance metric instead. This alteration allows the network to better capture and analyze critical visual features such as color and texture. The modified network is trained and tested on a comprehensive dataset of trademark images, enabling the network to learn and distinguish between similar and dissimilar trademarks based on subtle visual cues.
Result: The findings from this study show a significant increase in accuracy, with the modified network achieving an accuracy rate of 98%. This marks a notable improvement over baseline models that utilize Euclidean distance, demonstrating the effectiveness of the Chi-square distance metric in enhancing the model's ability to discriminate between trademarks.
Novelty: The novelty of this research lies in its application of the Chi-square distance in a deep learning framework specifically for trademark image similarity detection, presenting a novel approach that yields higher precision in image-based comparisons.
Characterization and Analysis of Gas-Solid Flow Dynamics in Fluidized Bed Systems
Authors: De Araújo Elaine M.G. , Barros Emerson , Barros António A.C.
Published: February 2025

Fluidization is a critical process in various industrial applications, particularly in the oil and gas sector, where it plays a pivotal role in optimizing production, phase separation, and the efficiency of mass and heat transfer, as well as chemical reactions involved in physical and chemical operations. The significance of fluidization stems from its direct impact on key parameters such as pressure drop, flow velocity, particle concentration, and void fraction in multiphase flows. In this context, fluidization enhances the interaction between fluid and solid particles, reducing resistance to heat and mass transfer and promoting material homogenization. This experimental study aims to investigate the flow behavior of a particulate system within a fluidized bed, specifically focusing on the fraction of the continuous (gas) phase relative to a defined volume of solid particles. The results obtained, when compared to existing literature primarily concerned with the effects of particle size and flow rate on fluidization, demonstrate consistency in both qualitative and quantitative analyses. These findings suggest that the increase in the volume of the continuous phase in such flows is strongly influenced by the Reynolds number and the particle size within the system. Thus, this study makes significant contributions to the optimization of fluidization processes, particularly in industrial sectors like oil and gas. By providing detailed experimental insights into the factors that influence fluidized bed performance, the findings offer practical implications for improving the efficiency of heat and mass transfer, phase separation, and reaction rates in industrial applications where the behavior of the continuous phase is crucial.
Modified model of the aggregated dead zone on examples of radionuclide transfer in natural hydrodynamic systems
Authors:   Institute of Software Systems NAS of Ukraine, Sizonenko V.P.
Published: February 2025

This paper presents the results obtained during a detailed study of the aggregate dead zone model designed to describe the longitudinal transport and dispersion of dissolved substances in a channel flow. This model is based on a new approach to the description of advection and dispersion, which allows to adequately reproduce the concentrations of solutes observed in natural hydrodynamic systems with a high degree of accuracy. Instead of modelling the dissolved solute concentration continuously in both distance and time along the watercourse, the aggregate dead zone model uses a black box approach and considers the concentration at the chamber outlet (from the aggregate dead zone) as a function of the concentration at the chamber inlet and the current time. This approach significantly reduces the computational time and reduces the requirements for the amount of initial and boundary data. The mathematical apparatus of the extended model of the aggregated dead zone is presented, designed to analyse the transport of non-conservative radioactive contamination in real water bodies, taking into account the possible interaction of the radionuclide with suspended sediments and a layer of bottom sediments. The equations of the proposed model are a system of ordinary differential equations with a delayed argument. The results of modelling the distribution of 3 H as a result of releases from 14 nuclear reactors in the Russian section of the Loire River for six months with an hourly discreteness are presented. The results of modelling the propagation of sudden 90Sr releases in the Kyiv reservoir, which occurred in 1999 as a result of the Chornobyl disaster, are presented. The modelling was carried out with a daily discreteness. A comparison of the obtained model values of radionuclide concentrations and measurement data was carried out. The proposed model has a comparative simplicity, much lower requirements for the amount of initial and boundary data, and very little time required for calculations.
The problem of distribution and merging of discrete correspondence flows in individual zones of a hierarchical communication network
Authors:   Institute of Telecommunications and Global Information Space NAS of Ukraine, Vasyanin V.O.
Published: February 2025

The article is devoted to the study of the subproblem of distribution and merging of correspondence flows in separate zones of the backbone network, which arises when solving the general problem of optimizing the hierarchical structure of a multicommodity communication network with discrete flows and parameters. In a multicommodity network, each node can exchange correspondence (products, goods, cargo, messages) with other nodes. Correspondence is characterized by a source node, a drain node and a value, which for transport networks is given by the number of packaged goods in a package of a unified size, and for data transmission networks – by the number of bytes, kilobytes, etc. In the backbone network, all correspondence is transported in vehicles in transport units of a given size (capacity, volume) or transmitted via communication channels. The size of a transport block is measured by the number of units of correspondence that fit into it (for example, 40 packaged goods, 100 gigabytes). All trunk nodes are sorting centers in which correspondence is first sorted by destination addresses (nodes) and then packed as consolidated correspondence into transport blocks. Since the size of individual correspondence is much smaller than the size of the transport block, they can be combined (packed) with correspondence with other destination addresses several times and in different nodes during sorting. There are three levels of hierarchy in the network – backbone, zonal and internal and four types of nodes – trunk nodes of the first, second and third types, forming the backbone and zonal levels of the network and nodes of the fourth type, which are subordinate to each trunk node and form internal levels of the network. Node types differ from each other in functionality. The main task of the study is to develop a mathematical model and algorithms for solving the subproblem of optimizing the distribution and merging (sorting) of correspondence flows at the zonal levels of the network. It is shown that it can be formulated as a linear programming problem with a block structure of constraints and the Danzig-Wolf decomposition method and other methods of integer programming can be used to solve it. To solve the problem on real networks, approximate algorithms based on the construction of the shortest paths are proposed.
Modeling of heat transfer processes on hybrid architecture computers
Authors:   Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics NAS of Ukraine, Duchenko O.S. , Nesterenko A.N. ,   Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics NAS of Ukraine, Popov О.V. ,   Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics NAS of Ukraine
Published: February 2025

The paper is devoted to the development of methods and algorithms for computer simulation of heat transfer processes, which play a significant role in the field of continuum mechanics. Finding the temperature fields during welding to determine the kinetics of temperature stresses and deformations helps to increase the technological and operational indicators of welded structures. This paper proposes a method of determining temperature fields during welding of thin-sheet elements of structures. This paper proposes a method of determining temperature fields during welding of thin-sheet elements of structures. A non-stationary thermal problem was obtained as a result of the simulation of the heat transfer process, taking into account the nonuniformity of the heating of the welded elements during the welding process. A discrete problem was obtained for the numerical solution of this problem by the finite element method – a first-order system of ordinary differential equations, that is, the Cauchy problem. This paper proposes a high-performance fourthorder Runge-Kutta computer algorithm for solving the Cauchy problem. The algorithm is developed for modern supercomputers built on new multi-core processors. The proposed algorithm is based on a multilevel model of parallel computing. At the upper level of parallelism, calculations performs in form of parallel processes, memory is distributed between them, also ensures synchronization of calculations and information exchanges. Parallelization at this level is expedient to be carried out by means of MPI. At the second level of parallelism, calculations performs using OpenMP directives or Intel MKL library software modules using shared memory. The third level of parallelism involves data processing with vector arithmetic and logic devices, which are included in the program automatically with the help of the compiler. The developed algorithm was tested on solving the problem of determining the temperature field, which arises during the study of the life cycle of welded structures. Such calculations are used, in particular, in the problem of determining the kinetics of temperature deformations and stresses during welding of thin plates. Some results of testing the proposed method and the developed algorithm on the SKIT supercomputer of the V.M. Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine are presented.
Pre-r breaking in Early Modern and Middle English: The diphthongal basis of southern English
Authors: Starčević Attila
Published: February 2025

We argue that traditional breaking of the historical long vowels in the predecessor of Southern Standard British English (e.g. Wells 1982, 213ff) is in fact ongliding to (or prevocalisation of) r in jr/wr which has been ongoing starting with (at least) Middle English, continued into Early Modern English and Southern Standard British English. It can be captured as prevocalisation of pharyngeal r before j/w-final diphthongs in terms of gestural phonology, producing sequences like fijər fear, fejər fare. This schwa-like onglide to r allows us to look at Middle English from a different perspective, from the point of view of a ‘tug of war’ between the long monophthongs and diphthongs (inherited from Old English, to which we can add Old French and Norse words) with identical stressed peaks (e.g. ij tile vs iː life, nice; uː shower vs uw power, etc.). This resulted in a merger favouring a diphthongal basis in the southern varieties of Middle English (as opposed to its northern counterparts, in which a monophthongal basis was established), resulting in fire/shower (< Old English fȳr/scūr) having ij and uw, respectively, setting the stage for prevocalisation in jr/wr (merging them with original ijə(r)/uwə(r)). We explore some of the consequences of such a supposition.
Implementing Fuzzy Logic with Quantum Computing
Authors: Moret-Bonillo Vicente , Mosqueira-Rey Eduardo , Magaz-Romero Samuel
Published: February 2025

In this paper we present our proposal for a fuzzy logic model based on Quantum Computing. After analyzing how logical connectives are constructed and applied in fuzzy logic, we research how Quantum Computing can provide a new model to manage fuzzy variables, mainly using superposition of states for the implementation of fuzzy information. A comparison between our proposal and several classical connectives is carried out, including negation, conjunction and disjunction. We prove that quantum fuzzy connectives present a proper behavior, manifesting the peculiarities of the quantum paradigm, which is beneficial for the representation of uncertain knowledge. We conclude on how this work establishes a model that can be further expanded for the development of quantum fuzzy reasoning.
Automatic Monitoring of Rat Behavior: Leveraging Deep Neural Networks for Accurate Classification
Authors: Rodriguez Alvaro , Gonzalez Matias M. , Molares-Ulloa Andres , del Rocio Maria , Noshahri Ehsan
Published: February 2025

The analysis of animal behavior is crucial in fields such as medicine, biomedical research, and neuroscience, as it provides insights into both physiological and psychological aspects of various species. Conventionally, this requires human observation, which is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and prone to errors. Recently, convolutional neural networks have demonstrated remarkable success in image and video processing across diverse applications. In this study, we investigate the use of convolutional neural networks to analyze rat behavior in a controlled laboratory setting. Using a ResNet-18 deep neural network, we classify rat behaviors from images captured in Skinner boxes under varying experimental conditions. Our approach results in a near-perfect classification accuracy, highlighting the effectiveness of deep learning models for automated animal behavior analysis, offering a scalable and efficient alternative to direct observation.
Countering Global Extremism and Terrorism: the Role of International Organizations
Authors: Sapaev Gulоmjon , Abdullaeva Mohira , Alimova Mahfuza , Ibrayev Alisher , Turdieva Dilafruz
Published: February 2025

The aim of the article is to identify the main directions of activities of organizations (the UN, the European Union, the League of Arab States (LAS) and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)) aimed at reducing the radicalization process, influencing the development of extremism and terrorism. In order to achieve the set objective, the main method in the study was document analysis. We have summarized the different concepts and models of radicalization highlighted by researchers in their works. This allowed us to better present the causes of radicalization, and to systematize the normative framework that addresses the activities of organizations (the UN, the European Union, the League of Arab States (LAS) and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) in the field of preventing and combating international terrorism. The authors conclude that the evolution of the activities of international organizations can be described as a radical change in the views of the international community in the 21st century on international terrorism. What used to be considered a phenomenon that was at times perceived as important, but definitely not a central or serious strategic problem, now, in fact, has the rank of an existential threat to international peace and security. At the same time, there are many unresolved problems that complicate international co-operation. There are still fundamental differences among States in defining terrorism, rooted in their ideologies, historical experiences, interests, prejudices and lack of trust
Protección del consumidor financiero: nuevos caminos para la comprensión de los negocios financieros en Colombia
Authors: González León Carlos Andrés
Published: February 2025

Se presentan resultados de investigación sobre la regulación de la protección del consumidor financiero frente al régimen contractual en Colombia como una alternativa judicial de solución de controversias ante la contratación estandarizada, con el objetivo de determinar si los principios que inspiran la protección del consumidor financiero resuelven problemas contractuales propuestos ante la justicia ordinaria. El problema de investigación se abordó desde el paradigma de la hermenéutica comprensiva, a partir del enfoque dogmático como método para el análisis de la principialística de la contratación aplicada a los negocios jurídicos financieros y el derecho del consumidor financiero. Se trata de una investigación teórica y documental. A partir de los resultados del análisis se encuentra que los principios desarrollados por el derecho del consumidor financiero son mandatos de optimización que ordenan subreglas contractuales de interpretación y aplicación general
Trichoderma spp. condiospores production and its application with Streptomyces spp. for the management of Mycosphaerella fijiensis in banana
Authors: Chan-Cupul Wilberth , Villegas-Guerrero Osvaldo , Sánchez-Rangel Juan C. , Manzo-Sánchez Gilberto , Buenrostro-Nava Marco T.
Published: February 2025

Background/Objective. Black Sigatoka (BS) is one of the main phytopathologies that reduces banana production in Mexico. Developing biological products based on antagonists is a predominant study activity. The production of conidiospores of Trichoderma spp. strains was evaluated in solid state fermentation using whole rice grains and cracked corn, and the effect of foliar applications of conidiospores against the BS epidemiology in banana cv. Great dwarf. Materials and methods. In solid state fermentation, the yield of four strains of Trichoderma spp. (T-82, T-85, T-94 and T-99) in whole rice (WR) and cracked corn (CC) was evaluated, an A×B factorial design was used (A=strains and B=substrate). The two strains with the best yield (T-99 and T-85) and a Streptomyces spp. based product was applied in the field to evaluate the epidemiology of BS through the severity, weighted average of infection (WAI) and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), through a randomized block design. Results. CC increased the yield of Trichoderma spp. in 71%, strains T-94 (1.41×108 conidiospores g-1) and T-85 (1.20×108 conidiospores g-1) achieved the highest yields. The T-85 strain reduced the severity, WAI and AUDPC of BS compared to applications of the chemical control “Mancozeb”. Conclusion. CC was the best substrate to obtain greater yield in Trichoderma spp. T-94 and T-85. The weekly application of conidiosporas of Trichoderma T-85 reduces the severity, WAI and AUDPC of the SN in banana cv. Great dwarf.
Advances in mass breeding/rearing techniques for yellow mealworms as a protein source
Authors:   Insect Research Centre, Belgium, Deruytter David , Coudron Carl ,   Insect Research Centre, Belgium, Claeys Jonas ,   Insect Research Centre, Belgium
Published: February 2025

In recent years, the yellow mealworm has undergone a significant transformation, from a global pest species to a prominent insect species for feed and food purposes. However, farming mealworms is still a relatively new business venture, offering ample opportunities for optimization and innovation. This chapter aims to explore yellow mealworm rearing techniques. The authors begin by discussing the mealworm life cycle, followed by the sort of environments needed to effeciently rear mealworms. They then go into detail about the rearing of different life stages of mealworm, including egg production and handly, growing the larvae, pupation, and beetle population. Finally, they explore challenges to scaling up production and the design of rearing facilities.