bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enzyme degradable star polymethacrylate/silica hybrid inks for 3D printing of tissue scaffolds
Authors: Li Volsi Anna , Tallia Francesca , Iqbal Haffsah , Georgiou Theoni K. , Jones Julian R.
Published: November 2020

We report the first enzyme cleavable inorganic–organic hybrid “inks” that can be 3D printed as scaffolds for bone regeneration and investigate the effect of star polymer architecture on their properties.
FRA1 is essential for the maintenance of the oncogenic phenotype induced by in vitro long-term arsenic exposure
Authors: Barguilla Irene , Bach Jordi , Peremartí Jana , Marcos Ricard , Hernández Alba
Published: November 2020

Arsenic induces oncogenic effects activating stress-related signalling pathways. This can result in the over-activation of the AP-1 protein, specifically its FRA1 component. FRA1 is a transcription factor frequently overexpressed in epithelial tumors, where it can regulate the expression of different target genes. Accordingly, FRA1 could play an essential role in the in vitro cell transformation induced by arsenic. FRA1 levels were monitored in MEF cells throughout their transformation stages during 40 weeks of long-term 2 μM arsenic exposure. Interestingly, the results show a progressive FRA1 overexpression with time (60-fold and 11-fold for mRNA and pFRA/non-pFRA1, respectively, at week 40), which may be responsible for the observed altered expression in the FRA1 downstream target genes Pten, Pdcd4, Tpm1, Tgfb1, Tgfb2, Zeb1, Zeb2, and Twist. The levels of MAPKs (ERK, p38, and JNK) and other known players upstream from FRA1 were assessed at equivalent time-points, and ERK, p38 and RAS were pinpointed as potential candidates involved in arsenic-induced FRA1 activation. Furthermore, FRA1 stable knockdown under chronic arsenic exposure settings elicits a remarkable impact on the features relative to the cells’ oncogenic phenotype. Notably, FRA1 knockdown cells present a 30% diminished proliferation rate, a 50% lowered migration and invasion potential, a 50% reduction in senescence, and a 30–60% reduced tumorsphere-forming ability. This work is the first to demonstrate the important role of FRA1 in the development and aggressiveness of the in vitro transformed phenotype induced by long-term arsenic exposure.
Redox activity of a dissymmetric ligand bridging divalent ytter-bium and reactive nickel fragments
Authors: Wang Ding , Tricoire Maxime , Cemortan Valeriu , Moutet Jules , Nocton Grégory
Published: November 2020

The reaction of a nickel complex bearing a redox-active dissymmetric ligand (Kbimpm) with a divalent lanthanide complex, Cp*2Yb(OEt2) affords an unprecedented, trimeric complex with C(sp3)–C(sp3) bond formation between two ligands in an exo position.
Futuristic electron transport layer based on multifunctional interactions of ZnO/TCNE for stable inverted organic solar cells
Authors: Aatif Md. , Tiwari J. P.
Published: November 2020

Solution-processed inverted bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs) are expected to play a significant role in the future of large-area flexible devices and printed electronics.
Preferential N–H⋯:C hydrogen bonding involving ditopic NH-containing systems and N-heterocyclic carbenes
Authors: Kinney Zacharias J. , Rheingold Arnold L. , Protasiewicz John D.
Published: November 2020

Non-traditional hydrogen bonds between a singlet carbene and a series of ditopic secondary amines is detailed. Both the solid- and solution-state metrics reveal the strength of these associations are dependent on the pKa of the NH-containing molecule.
Total synthesis and complete configurational assignment of amphirionin-2
Authors: Kato Shota , Mizukami Daichi , Sugai Tomoya , Tsuda Masashi , Fuwa Haruhiko
Published: November 2020

An extensive application of cobalt-catalyzed Mukaiyama-type cyclization of γ-hydroxy olefins and a late-stage Stille-type reaction enabled syntheses of four diastereomers of amphirionin-2 to establish its absolute configuration.
General synthesis of single atom electrocatalystsviaa facile condensation–carbonization process
Authors: Chen Weiming , Luo Xuanli , Slater Thomas J. A. , Zhou Yongfang , Ling Sanliang , Bao Rui , Alves Fernandes Jesum , Wang Jianshe , Shen Yi
Published: November 2020

We report a synthetic protocol for synthesizing SAECsviaa condensation–carbonization process, where furfural and cyanamide were polymerized in the presence of PS NSs and metal ions, followed by a pyrolysis to N-doped carbon nanosheet supported SAECs.
Sustainable S cathodes with synergic electrocatalysis for room-temperature Na–S batteries
Authors: Liu Hanwen , Lai Wei-Hong , Liang Yaru , Liang Xin , Yan Zi-Chao , Yang Hui-Ling , Lei Yao-Jie , Wei Pei , Zhou Si , Gu Qin-Fen , Chou Shu-Lei , Liu Hua Kun , Dou Shi Xue , Wang Yun-Xiao
Published: November 2020

ZnS quantum dots and single Co atoms grown in N-doped carbon microparticles serve as multifunctional S hosts for sustainable Na–S batteries.
Layered hydrotalcite derived holey porous cobalt oxide nanosheets coated with nitrogen-doped carbon for high-mass-loading Li-ion storage
Authors: Pan Long , Wei Yicheng , Sun ZhengMing , Niederberger Markus
Published: November 2020

Transition metal oxides are promising for Li-ion batteries but suffer from sluggish Li-ion storage in thick electrodes. This work achieves high-mass-loading Li-ion storage by forming holey porous structures in CoO nanosheets using layered hydrotalcites as starting materials.
Carbothermal conversion of boric acid into boron-oxy-carbide nanostructures for high-power supercapacitors
Authors: Kesavan Dhanasekar , Mariappan Vimal Kumar , Krishnamoorthy Karthikeyan , Kim Sang-Jae
Published: November 2020

In this study, we report a facile carbothermal method for the preparation of boron-oxy-carbide (BOC) nanostructures and explore their properties towards electrochemical energy storage devices.
Porous and reactive polymeric interfaces: an emerging avenue for achieving durable and functional bio-inspired wettability
Authors: Das Avijit , Shome Arpita , Manna Uttam
Published: November 2020

Designing chemically ‘reactive’ and hierarchically structured interfaces with residual reactivity for facile and rapid post-covalent modification has emerged as an important avenue for tailoring different, functional and durable liquid wettability.
Impact de l’altitude sur les caractéristiques des systèmes d’élevage extensifs dans le Haut Atlas central, Maroc
Authors: El Aayadi Soufiane , Araba Abdelilah , Jouven Magali
Published: November 2020

Dans les régions de montagne, la pérennité des systèmes d’élevage extensifs constitue un enjeu socio-économique et écologique majeur. Notre étude a pour objectif d’analyser la diversité des systèmes d’élevage de petits ruminants dans le Haut Atlas central du Maroc, en fonction de l’altitude. Pour cela, des enquêtes ont été réalisées auprès de 90 éleveurs dans trois communes de la province d’Azilal, situées respectivement en étage inférieur de moyenne montagne, étage supérieur de moyenne montagne et haute montagne. En comparant les élevages sur la base de leur commune d’appartenance, nous montrons que l’altitude a un effet significatif sur leur structure et leur conduite, ainsi que sur certains paramètres sociaux comme l’éducation des éleveurs. En réalisant une typologie sur base statistique, nous identifions quatre types d’élevages : deux types plus extensifs et pastoraux aux étages supérieurs et deux autres intensifiés et associés à l’agriculture en étage inférieur, avec une diversité de situations en termes de structures et de pratiques d’élevage. Cette typologie est cohérente avec les contraintes et opportunités propres à chaque étage altitudinal.
Mechanics in biology
Authors: Idema Timon
Published: November 2020

Mechanics plays a key role in life, from simple tasks like providing protective shielding to highly complex ones such as cell division. To understand mechanical properties on the organism level, we need to zoom in to its constituent cells, then zoom back out to see how they collectively build tissues.
Epidemic spreading: Tailored models for COVID-19
Authors: Arenas Alex , Gómez-Gardeñes Jesús , Granell Clara , Soriano-Paños David
Published: November 2020

A very simple epidemic model proposed a century ago is the linchpin of the current mathematical models of the epidemic spreading of the COVID-19. Nowadays, the abstracted compartmentalisation of the population in susceptible, infected and recovered individuals, combined with precise information about the networks of mobility flows within geographical territories, is the best weapon of the physics community to forecast the possible evolution of contagions in the current pandemic scenario.
Current status of organic oilseeds worldwide − Statistical update☆
Authors: Willer Helga , Travnicek Jan , Schlatter Bernhard
Published: November 2020

Organic oilseeds constitute an important element in organic production. Their products are important feedstuffs (oilcake) and also relevant for human consumption (soya products, oils), and demand for these is continually growing. Almost 1.5 million hectares or 11% of the world’s organic arable land were used for growing organic oilseeds in 2018. This is 0.6% of the world’s total harvested oilseed area. On half of the organic oilseed area soybeans are grown, and about one third of the organic oilseed area is in China, where much of the production is for export. It is expected that with the growing organic market, which reached 97 billion euros in 2018, the organic oilseed area and in particular that of soybeans will continue to grow fast.
Study of Internal Factors and External Factors of Insurance Companies Towards Company Value (Study on Indonesia Stock Exchange)
Authors: Anam Chairul
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of the company’s external factors with proxies: inflation and interest rates, and the company’s internal factors with proxies: Return on Equity, and Debt to Equity Ratio partially and simultaneously to firm value in insurance sector companies listed on the Stock Exchange Indonesia. The research method used in this study is quantitative research methods, with the object of research of insurance companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, amounting to 14 companies. This study used a purposive sampling technique that produced 8 companies as the research sample. The research data source uses secondary data in the form of documents including data about the company’s general description and financial statements of insurance companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for 5 years. The results of this study indicate inflation, interest rates, Return on Equity, and Debt to Equity Ratio simultaneously have a positive but not significant effect on company value, then partially the other 3 variables, namely inflation, interest rates, and Debt to Equity Ratio have a positive effect but not significant to firm value, while variable Return on Equity has a positive and significant effect on firm value. Based on the coefficient of determination of 0.138 this shows the influence of 4 variables, namely inflation, interest rates, return on equity, debt to equity ratio of 13.8% while the remaining 86.2% is influenced by other factors, for example: the level of competition, policy company, developments in macroeconomic conditions.
Research on Public Participation in Recording Intangible Cultural Heritage in Rural Area
Authors: Guo Yanling , Wang Yonghui
Published: November 2020

Being an important part of cultural heritage, intangible cultural heritage (hereinafter referred to as “ICH”) needs to be passed down from generation to generation. Seemed as the gene of national cultures, ICH is very important for the development and prosperity of human culture, for the development of social economy and civilization, and for the identity of individuals and ethnic groups. Since the publication of the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2003, ICH safeguarding activities have been fully implemented throughout the world. Recording ICH is a basic and important way to safeguard ICH, this way plays an important role and has been widely approved throughout China and other countries. It has been applied in many ICH item safeguarding, such as Nanjing Yunjin, Qinhuai Lantern Festival. As we all know, ICH resources are very rich in China. There are 39 ICH items have been listed in “ the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity”, 1,372 ICH items have been listed in “the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage in China”. There are a large number of famous and not famous ICH items scattered in urban areas. To record so many ICH resources, it is not enough to rely on the power of the government. As the creator and inheritor of ICH, the public should play an important role in the safeguarding activities. Attracting the public to participate is a prerequisite of ICH safeguarding. Through questionnaires, interviews and other research methods, this paper introduces the public’s awareness and attitude about recording ICH, and their ability and willingness to participate in ICH safeguarding activities. Based on the current status, It analyzes the advantages of public participation in the protection of ICH , and the disadvantages, opportunities and threats are also analyzed. Based on the international principle of “government-led, public participation”, this paper proposes to construct a “folk-government” model to optimize the quality of recording ICH. To ensure the quality of public participation, it further points out that some measures should be taken, such as strengthen the government leadership to provide necessary support, identifying their advantages and responsibilities of different participants to joint, expanding the participation content and diversifying the participation method. These measures are all aimed at promotion the safeguarding and inheriting the ICH.
Relationship Between Traits: Cognitive Abilities, General Self-Efficacy and Neuroticism to Career Success Mediated by Specific Self-Efficacy
Authors: Priyatin Wiwik
Published: November 2020

This research is an associative correlational type of research with aim to analyze the correlation between traits of cognitive ability, general self-efficacy and neuroticism with career success mediated by specific self-efficacy. The data sample were 31 lecturers which were chosen by using random sampling technique of 68 lecturers of Diploma of Nursing in Banyumas and Cilacap Areas as sample size. The data was analyzed by employing multiple regression analysis and Pearson product moment correlation. The results showed that cognitive ability and neuroticism has no positive relationship to career success mediated by specific self-efficacy. Meanwhile, general self-efficacy has positively strong relationship to career success with specific selfefficacy as the mediator.
Primary Personal Finance Problem in Indonesia
Authors: Suroso Agus , Rafinda Ascaryan , Gal Timea , Alhendi Osama
Published: November 2020

The main objective of this research is to find out primary personal finance problem in Indonesia. A lot of people do not realize that they need financial knowledge to make financial decision. It leads to bounded rationality when they do the financial decision. Financial problem commonly not different years by years, then by collection financial problem this research could spread and warn other people not to fall into same problem. This research collecting data by questionnaire. Total 360 respondent fill in the questionnaire. The result successfully identify there are several topics in personal finance that become main problem. There are, have no finance plan, debt management and excessive spending. This research imply that we should focus on that topic on educating people in personal finance.
Spending Behavior and Coping Strategies of The Low Income Group in Kedah, Malay
Authors: Che Mat Siti Hadijah , Fadzim Wan Roshidah , Harun Mukaramah , Jamil Norzita
Published: November 2020

This study was conducted to examine and understand the behavior of low income households (B40) which are defined as households with income below RM3800. The data was collected from face to face interview based on structured questionnaire to cover 124 head of household (respondents) randomly selected in the Kubang Pasu district. The results show that most respondents spend their income on food items. Household heads are mostly employed in the agriculture, forestry & fisheries sector (27%) and most of them have an income lower than RM2000. The respondents also stated that they do side jobs and have to be frugal to cope with the rising cost of living. Nearly all (92.7%) of household heads received government assistance, particularly BR1M and a majority found that the assistance received was at a moderate level of satisfaction. There are many suggestions given by the household to overcome the rising cost of living such as eliminating the Goods and Services Tax (GST), increasing the amount of government assistance and controlling the prices of goods and fuel.
Initial Implementation of Productive Migrant Village (PMV) Programs in Banyumas Central Java Indonesia
Authors: Muslihudin  , Wulan T R , Sugiarto T , Wardhianna S , Wijayanti S
Published: November 2020

Since 2017 Banyumas Regency has received a program from the Ministry of Manpower and Cooperatives to become a pilot program for productive migrant village programs. The village that was used as a pilot was Cihonje village, Gumelar district and Losari village, Rawalo district. The program has been determined that is to realize the four productive migrant village pillars which include; 1). Providing migration information and services, 2). Developing productive business, 3). Facilitate the establishment of community care and growth (community parenting), 4). Facilitating the establishment and development of cooperatives/financial institutions. The four programs have been strived to run quickly by the two pilot villages, with various tools being formed from personnel, software, and hardware. The implementation of productive migrant village program in Banyumas Regency is still not implemented on the four pillars. Productive business programs are the most desirable programs by both villages in implementing productive migrant village. On the contrary, cooperative formation programs are programs that have not been carried out. The information-giving program also includes programs that are not going well because there is resistance to the interests of private employment agencies that have been sending Indonesia migrant worker (IMW) so far. Community parenting programs are also classified as programs that are still not optimal because they do not involve the community as caregivers of IMW’s children. The positive expectations from the Cihonje village community and Losari village are also the initial capital for the success of the productive migrant village program. However, the success of the productive migrant village program remains with the government because this program is a top-down planning program. For that sustainability must be done if the program does not want to be just a memorable program as other projects over the years.
Anesthetic Management of a Child with β-Thalassemia Major and Cortical Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Tyagi Mayank , Dube Surya K. , Rajagopalan Vanitha , Singh Gyaninder P.
Published: November 2020

β-thalassemia are a group of inherited blood disorders with reduced hemoglobin levels. β-thalassemia major is the severe form of disease, and the patients often display an array of associated organ dysfunction which thus increase the risk associated with surgery and anesthesia. Patients with β-thalassemia major can have multiple pathological defects that may lead to thromboembolic events. Here, we report such a case who was complicated by occurrence of cerebral sinus thrombosis and presented for decompressive hemicraniectomy under general anesthesia. The anesthetic challenges during in such scenario have been discussed.
Use of Dexmedetomidine for Magnetic Resonance Imaging under Sedation in a Pediatric Patient with Phenylketonuria
Authors: Pallavi Kumari , Mishra Rajeeb K. , Goyal Amit , Ramesh Venkatapura J. , Patwardhan Prathamesh M.
Published: November 2020

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inborn error of metabolism caused by a deficiency of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase which results in accumulation of phenylalanine. Patients of PKU presents with seizures, mental retardation, and organ damage and possess a unique challenge to the anesthesiologists when they need anesthetics for diagnostic or surgical procedures. There is limited literature regarding the safety of various anesthetic drugs in PKU patients. None of them reported the use of dexmedetomidine as safer sedative option for such patients. Therefore, we describe the management of such a case posted for magnetic resonance imaging under dexmedetomidine sedation.
Adoptive Cell Therapy for Gastrointestinal Cancers
Authors: Slovak Ryan J. , Kim Hyun S.
Published: November 2020

The reinfusion of autologous or allogeneic immune cells that have been educated and/or engineered ex vivo to respond to tumor-specific antigens is termed “adoptive cell therapy.” While adoptive cell therapy has made tremendous strides in the treatment of hematologic malignancies, its utilization for solid tumors has lagged somewhat behind. The purpose of this article is to concisely review the clinical research that has been done to investigate adoptive cell therapy as a treatment for gastrointestinal malignancies.
A Case of Congenital Glucose Galactose Malabsorption with a New Mutation in the SLC5A1 Gene
Authors: Akduman Hasan , Dilli Dilek , Ceylaner Serdar
Published: November 2020

Congenital glucose-galactose malabsorption (CGGM) is an autosomal recessive disorder originating from an abnormal transporter mechanism in the intestines. It was sourced from a mutation in the SLC5A1 gene, which encodes a sodium-dependent glucose transporter. Here we report a 2-day-old girl with CGGM who presented with severe hypernatremic dehydration due to diarrhea beginning in the first hours of life. Mutation analysis revealed a novel homozygous mutation NM_000343.3 c.127G > A (p.Gly43Arg) in the SLC5A1 gene. Since CGGM can cause fatal diarrhea in the early neonatal period, timely diagnosis of the disease seems to be essential.
Sleep Architecture in Mechanically Ventilated Pediatric ICU Patients Receiving Goal-Directed, Dexmedetomidine- and Opioid-based Sedation
Authors: Dervan Leslie A. , Wrede Joanna E. , Watson R. Scott
Published: November 2020

This single-center prospective observational study aimed to evaluate sleep architecture in mechanically ventilated pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) patients receiving protocolized light sedation. We enrolled 18 children, 6 months to 17 years of age, receiving mechanical ventilation and standard, protocolized sedation for acute respiratory failure, and monitored them with 24 hours of limited (10 channels) polysomnogram (PSG). The PSG was scored by a sleep technician and reviewed by a pediatric sleep medicine physician. Sixteen children had adequate PSG data for sleep stage scoring. All received continuous opioid infusions, 15 (94%) received dexmedetomidine, and 7 (44%) received intermittent benzodiazepines. Total sleep time was above the age-matched normal reference range (median 867 vs. 641 minutes, p = 0.002), attributable to increased stage N1 and N2 sleep. Diurnal variation was absent, with a median of 47% of sleep occurring during night-time hours. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep was observed as absent in most patients (n = 12, 75%). Sleep was substantially disrupted, with more awakenings per hour than normal for age (median 2.2 vs. 1.1, p = 0.008), resulting in a median average sleep period duration (sleep before awakening) of only 25 minutes (interquartile range [IQR]: 14–36) versus normal 72 minutes (IQR: 65–86, p = 0.001). Higher ketamine and propofol doses were associated with increased sleep disruption. Children receiving targeted, opioid-, and dexmedetomidine-based sedation to facilitate mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory failure have substantial sleep disruption and abnormal sleep architecture, achieving little to no REM sleep. Dexmedetomidine-based sedation does not ensure quality sleep in this population.
A Prospective Comparison of Serum and Transcutaneous Bilirubin in Indian Neonates
Authors: Kumar Durgesh , Kumar Dinesh
Published: November 2020

The objective of this study was to compare the transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) with total serum bilirubin (TSB) and to find out the effect of phototherapy on correlation of TcB and TSB during and after phototherapy in Indian neonates. Prospective observational study was performed at neonatal intensive care unit of Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, India. Blood samples for TSB estimation of 276 jaundiced neonates were sent, and simultaneously, TcB was measured at forehead and sternum on admission and 12 hourly till discontinuation of phototherapy as per the American Academy of Pediatrics nomogram chart and their correlation was assessed. The effect of phototherapy on correlation of TcB and TSB during and after phototherapy was also observed. The correlation between TSB and TcB was linear and significant for the entire study population over forehead (Pearson's r = 0.802, R
2 = 0.644, p < 0.001) as well as over sternum (Pearson's r = 0.825, R
2 = 0.681, p < 0.001) before starting the phototherapy. This correlation becomes slightly lower for TSB versus TcB forehead (Pearson's r = 0.753, R
2 = 0.568, p < 0.001) and for TSB versus TcB sternum (Pearson's r = 0.754, R
2 = 0.569, p < 0.001) after giving phototherapy for at least 24 hours. The correlation coefficients for TSB versus TcB measurements over forehead and sternum were 0.758 and 0.806, respectively, after 36 hours of phototherapy. TcB measurements using the transcutaneous bilirubinometer correlate closely with TSB levels, so it can be used as an easy and rapid noninvasive method of bilirubin measurement in jaundiced neonates.
Hydrocephalus in Spinal Muscular Atrophy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Sah Jeetendra P. , Abrams Aaron W. , Chari Geetha , Linden Craig , Anziska Yaacov
Published: November 2020

In this article, we reported a case of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type I noted to have tetraventricular hydrocephalus with Blake's pouch cyst at 8 months of age following intrathecal nusinersen therapy. The association of hydrocephalus with SMA is rarely reported in the literature. Development of hydrocephalus after intrathecal nusinersen therapy is also reported in some cases, but a cause–effect relationship is not yet established. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of a patient with SMA type I and hydrocephalus, to review similar cases reported in the literature, and to explore the relationship between nusinersen therapy and development of hydrocephalus. The clinical presentation and radiographic findings of the patient are described and a comprehensive review of the literature was conducted. The adverse effect of communicating hydrocephalus related to nusinersen therapy is being reported and the authors suggest carefully monitoring for features of hydrocephalus developing during the course of nusinersen therapy.
Combination Therapies with Ablation: Immunoablation
Authors: Kolarich Andrew R. , Theodoulou Iakovos , Georgiades Christos
Published: November 2020

Percutaneous ablation has been increasingly utilized as an alternative or adjunct to surgical resection of solid tumors. However, high rates of local recurrence and disease progression both with resection and ablation, particularly in patients with primary and metastatic liver malignancies, have limited further extension of overall survival. Systemic oncology treatment has progressed beyond traditional chemotherapeutic agents to immunotherapeutic agents that exert their effect by enhancing the body's immune response against cancer cells. The induction of necrotic cell death and the release of a large number of tumor antigens as a result of ablation have stimulated interest in combination therapy as a potential method of improving response to immunotherapy. This review focuses on the current scientific evidence for combination therapy of immuno-oncologic agents and locoregional ablation techniques.
Investigating use of reactive oxygen species using cold plasma for cancer therapy
Authors: Gasparini Allison
Published: November 2020

Researchers tested pulsed plasma jets on pancreatic cancer cells and breast cancer cells in vitro and found the application to be a promising cancer treatment.
An improved X-band relativistic triaxial klystron amplifier with active suppression of asymmetric TM mode self-excitation
Authors: Zhou Yunxiao , Ju Jinchuan , Zhang Jun , Zhang Wei , Dang Fangchao
Published: November 2020

The self-excitation of asymmetric modes is one of the main factors limiting the long-pulse operation of the relativistic triaxial klystron amplifier (TKA). Research studies have revealed that the asymmetric TM modes with negative beam loading conductance (Ge/G0) in the bunching cavities are the main culprits of self-excitation. The existing studies focus on passively destroying the growth of asymmetric TM modes, but we attempt to actively suppress their self-excitation in this paper. Investigation results demonstrate that the employment of single-gap bunching cavities can significantly reduce the risk of self-excitation of asymmetric TM modes, as the Ge/G0 of asymmetric TMn11 modes in single period structures are positive. The current modulation capacity of a single-gap bunching cavity, however, is not sufficient, so a cascade structure consisting of two groups of bunching cavities is employed to compensate for this deficiency. Based on the above conclusions, an X-band TKA device with four single-gap beam–wave interaction cavities is proposed and investigated in this paper. The three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation results demonstrate that there is no self-excitation of asymmetric modes in the proposed X-band TKA device.
Inequalities in end-of-life palliative care by country of birth in New South Wales, Australia: a cohort study
Authors: Möller Holger , Assareh Hassan , Stubbs Joanne M. , Jalaludin Bin , Achat Helen M.
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveThis study investigated variation in in-hospital palliative care according to the decedent’s country of birth.
MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed of 73469 patients who died in a New South Wales public hospital between July 2010 and June 2015 and were diagnosed with a palliative care-amenable condition. Differences in receipt of palliative care by country of birth were examined using multilevel logistic regression models adjusted for confounding.
ResultsIn this cohort, 26444 decedents received palliative care during their last hospital stay. In the adjusted analysis, 40% rate differences (median odds ratio 1.39; 95% confidence interval 1.31–1.51) were observed in receipt of palliative care between country of birth groups.
ConclusionsThere are differences in in-hospital palliative care at the end of life between population groups born in different countries living in Australia. The implementation of culturally sensitive palliative care programs may help reduce these inequalities. Further studies are needed to identify the determinants of the differences observed in this study and to investigate whether these differences persist in the community setting.
What is known about the topic?International studies have reported inequities in access to palliative care between ethnic groups.
What does this paper add?We observed differences in in-hospital palliative care between decedents from different countries of birth in New South Wales, Australia. These differences remained after adjusting for individual, area and hospital characteristics.
What are the implications for practitioners?Implementation of culturally sensitive palliative care services and targeting groups with low rates of palliative care can reduce these inequalities and improve a patient’s quality of life.
Determination of the optimal priming interval of rumen fluids used as inocula for the in vitro digestibility trials through radial enzyme diffusion method
Authors: Simoni M. , Tsiplakou E. , Pitino R. , Quarantelli A. , Righi F.
Published: November 2020

Context
Determination of the neutral detergent fibre digestibility is one of the important parameters to consider when formulating diets. However, the in vitro determination shows low repeatability because of the source of rumen-fluid inoculum. Priming of the rumen fluid inocula, obtained through an oesophageal probe, has been proposed to overcome this issue.

Aim
The objective of the study was to investigate the evolution of the microbial enzymatic activities of different rumen fluids during a priming procedure, to establish the fermentation interval that minimises the differences among rumen-fluid degradative potentials.

Methods
Three farms for each type of diet were involved in the study. Rumen fluids were obtained from dry and lactating cows fed the following four diet types: 100% hay or a diet with 80:20 forage:concentrate ratio (F:C) as dry-cow diets, and ad libitum hay and concentrate, or a total mixed ration (both at 60:40 F:C) as lactating-cow diets. On each farm, rumen fluid was collected from three Holstein cows by using an oesophageal probe, and mixed. Two aliquots of each rumen fluid mix were added to the medium containing the same priming substrate in an in vitro batch-fermentation system. During the incubation, the fermentation fluids were sampled in duplicate at 0-, 1-, 2-, 4-, 8-, 24- and 48-h intervals. Enzymatic activities of amylase, cellulase and xylanase were determined by radial enzyme diffusion method.

Key results
Initial enzymatic activities were quite variable and increased with an increasing incubation time. By 24 h, amylase showed similar values among high-concentrate diet fermentation fluids, and a lower data dispersion in comparison to the other intervals; cellulase was characterised by similar values in all the fermentation fluids derived from diets including concentrates, and xylanase showed similar activity in the fermentation fluids derived from high-concentrate diets. Development of the enzymatic activity of the fermentation fluids derived from the 100% hay diet differed from the others.

Conclusions
A 24-h priming procedure was needed to stabilise and equalise the enzymatic activity of the rumen fluid from cows fed high-concentrate diets. This was not observed in rumen fluid from cows fed hay-based diets.

Implications
The 24-h-primed rumen fluid can be used to increase the repeatability of neutral detergent fibre digestibility determination.
57Fe Mossbauer and electrical studies of Mn doped YFeO3 prepared via sol-gel technique
Authors: Padmasree G , Reddy S Shravan Kumar , Ramesh J , Reddy P Yadagiri , Gopal Reddy Ch
Published: November 2020

Polycrystalline YFe1−xMnxO3 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5) samples are prepared via sol-gel method. Structural characterization of these samples is done by x-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and Raman spectroscopic method. Intense peaks in XRD graphs show that the sample is crystalline in nature and Reitveld refined XRD data shows that the samples are formed in single phase. Raman spectroscopic study confirms the structure and phase purity of the samples. Room temperature 57Fe Mossbauer studies confirm that Fe ion exists in ferric state. The hyperfine field (Bhf) values are found to decrease with increase in manganese (Mn) concentration. This decrease in Bhf value indicates the increase in antiferromagnetic nature of the samples, which arises due to the weakening of magnetic interactions between the Fe ions. From room temperature leakage current density (J-E) measurements, it is observed that leakage current density increases with increase in Mn doping. Scanning electron micrographs explain the reason of increase in leakage current density based on the micro structure of the samples. The samples are found to exhibit Ohmic conduction mechanism in entire electric field range.
Morphological and magnetic features of Ru(III) doped magnetite ultrafine nanoparticles
Authors: Zayed M A , El-dek S I , Ahmed M K , El Sherbiny Doaa H
Published: November 2020

Magnetite nanoparticles constitute a class of nanoparticles which is easily manipulated using a magnetic field. Magnetite nanoparticles doped with ruthenium (Ru) ions [RuxFe(3−x)O4] were synthesized via co-precipitation method where 0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5 with step 0.1. The obtained nanopowder was investigated via x-ray diffraction, FTIR, FESEM. It was shown that Ru ions were incorporated successfully into a magnetite structure with a slight influence on the value of the lattice parameter which increased from 8.354 Å at x = 0.0 to be 8.403 Å at x = 0.3, while crystallite size deteriorated from 20.1 nm at x = 0.0 to be around 3 nm at x = 0.3. In addition, the surface roughness average was influenced by the dopant content, where it decreased from 35.6 nm at the pure magnetite to be 25.87 nm at x = 0.3. The ICP examination indicated that the measured contents of Ru ions through competitions were around 41 ppm and increased to 190 ppm comparing with 43 and 199 ppm as a theoretical value both x = 0.1 and 0.5. Regarding magnetic properties, the coercivity raised from 40.11 Oe and raised 44.66 Oe for x = 0.0 and 0.5, respectively. This manipulated behavior of magnetite due to dopant suggests that desired properties could be achieved via the dopant strategy to be used for several applications.
Antifungal activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles from Candida albicans on the strain lacking the CNP41 gene
Authors: Dhabalia Darshan , Ukkund Shareefraza J , Syed Usman Taqui , Uddin Wasim , Kabir M Anaul
Published: November 2020

The upsurge of immunocompromised patients has led to extensive study of fungal infections with Candida albicans being the frontline model of pathogenic yeast in humans. In the quest to find novel antifungal agents, this study reports the potential usage of wild-type C. albicans strain C86 to biosynthesise silver nanoparticles by microwave assisted technique. Visual colour change and UV-spectrophotometer were used for primary detection of silver nanoparticles. Additionally, the FTIR peaks confirm the particles’ formation and surface characterisation techniques such as FESEM and EDX suggests that the silver nanoparticles were sized in the range of 30–70 nm. Furthermore, pioneering work of homologous recombination technique was systematically employed to delete uncharacterized gene orf19.3120 (CNP41) in the C86 strain creating the deletion strain C403 of C. albicans. To amalgamate the two significant findings, biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were subjected to antifungal studies by disk diffusion assay on the strain C403 that lacks the gene orf19.3120 (CNP41) of C. albicans. As a synergetic approach, combinational effect was studied by incorporating antifungal drug fluconazole. Both individual and enhanced combinational antifungal effects of silver nanoparticles and fluconazole were observed on genetically modified C403 strain with 40% increase in fold area compared to wild-type C86 strain. This can be attributed to the synergetic effect of the bonding reaction between fluconazole and AgNPs. Taken together, this first-ever interdisciplinary study strongly suggests that the CNP41 gene could play a vital role in drug resistance in this fungal pathogen.
A molecular dynamics study of heterogeneous nucleation in generic liquid/substrate systems with positive lattice misfit
Authors: Fan Z , Men H
Published: November 2020

Nucleation plays a critical role in many natural and technological processes, and nucleation control requires detailed understanding of nucleation process at atomic level. In this study, we investigate the atomistic mechanism of heterogeneous nucleation in generic systems of liquid/substrate with positive lattice misfit (the solid has larger atomic spacing than the substrate) using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We found that heterogeneous nucleation process in such systems can be best described by a 3-layer nucleation mechanism: formation of the completely ordered first layer with an epitaxial relationship with the top surface of the substrate; formation of vacancies in the second layer to accommodate lattice misfit; and creation of a nearly perfect crystal plane of the solid in the third layer that demarcates the end of nucleation and the start of crystal growth. This 3-layer nucleation process creates a 2D nucleus (a plane of the solid phase), which contrasts with the hemisphere of the solid (a 3D nucleus) in the classical nucleation theory (CNT). It is expected that this 3-layer nucleation mechanism will provide new insight for nucleation control through effective manipulation of the liquid/substrate interface.
Are freshwater systems in lower Mekong basin (southeast Asia) resilient? A synthesis of social-ecological system
Authors: Kattel Giri R
Published: November 2020

Social-ecological resilience of freshwater systems in lower Mekong basin in southeast Asia is largely unknown. Over the recent past, the freshwater ecosystems in the region have gone through severe environmental stress. Climate change, sea level rise, over-extraction of water and eutrophication together have increased vulnerability to regime shifts of ecosystems in the region. Regime shifts can have long-lasting effects on social-ecological resilience. Response diversity plays a central role in linking ecological, social, and financial systems and enhances resilience. Documenting regime shifts and associated feedbacks as well as the role of response diversity in social-ecological resilience and ecosystem goods and services in the region is essential for future sustainability. In this study, primarily, I have described mechanisms behind emergence of feedback loops at a time of regime shifts and its impacts on ecological resilience. Secondly, I have developed a framework for social-ecological resilience of freshwater ecosystems for southeast Asian region. Thirdly, I have provided current contexts of social-ecological resilience of two of the most productive freshwater ecosystems in the lower Mekong basin of southeast Asia: the Tonle Sap Lake (Cambodia) and the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Finally, in conclusion, I have outlined the key roles response diversity plays in showing the effects of environmental stress and maintaining social-ecological resilience in the region.
Optical and dielectric properties of polypropylene/montmorillonite nanocomposites
Authors: Ammar L Ben , Fakhfakh S
Published: November 2020

With the growing demand for electrical energy, the need for optimized designs of electrical insulating materials with dielectric, mechanical and thermal properties for many applications has become important. Polypropylene (PP) resin is widely used in high voltage apparatus for insulation. The addition of nanoparticles to a polymer seems to enhance the overall properties of the nanocomposite. In this work, the effect of nanoclay particles supplementation on optical and dielectric properties of PP nanocomposites was evaluated by means of several analytical techniques. UV–visible spectroscopy and dielectric spectroscopy in the frequency range 0.1 Hz to 1 MHz, and the temperature range between 40 °C and 120 °C. Optical properties were recorded at room temperature using UV–visible spectroscopy in the spectral range between 200 nm and 800 nm. The optical band gap was found to decrease with the supplementation of nanoclay while the refractive index increased. Dielectric spectroscopy showed the effect of nanoclay concentration in changing the dielectric relaxation behavior and the existence of interfaces between nanoparticles and polymer. The permittivity increase compared with unfilled PP was attributed to the appearance of two thermally activated relaxation processes in this frequency range.
Unsupervised interpretable learning of topological indices invariant under permutations of atomic bands
Authors: Balabanov Oleksandr , Granath Mats
Published: November 2020

Multi-band insulating Bloch Hamiltonians with internal or spatial symmetries, such as particle-hole or inversion, may have topologically disconnected sectors of trivial atomic-limit (momentum-independent) Hamiltonians. We present a neural-network-based protocol for finding topologically relevant indices that are invariant under transformations between such trivial atomic-limit Hamiltonians, thus corresponding to the standard classification of band insulators. The work extends the method of ‘topological data augmentation’ for unsupervised learning introduced (2020 Phys. Rev. Res.
2 013354) by also generalizing and simplifying the data generation scheme and by introducing a special ‘mod’ layer of the neural network appropriate for Z

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classification. Ensembles of training data are generated by deforming seed objects in a way that preserves a discrete representation of continuity. In order to focus the learning on the topologically relevant indices, prior to the deformation procedure we stack the seed Bloch Hamiltonians with a complete set of symmetry-respecting trivial atomic bands. The obtained datasets are then used for training an interpretable neural network specially designed to capture the topological properties by learning physically relevant momentum space quantities, even in crystalline symmetry classes.
Platformizing Organizations: A Synthesis of the Literature
Authors: Setia Pankaj , Soh Franck , Deng Kailing
Published: November 2020

Organizations are widely building digital platforms to transform operations. Digital platforms represent a new way of organizing, as they leverage technology to interconnect providers and consumers. Using digital technologies, organizations are platformizing operations, as they open their rigid and closed boundaries by interconnecting providers and consumers through advanced application programming interfaces (APIs). Early research examined platformized development of technology products, with software development companies—such as Mozilla Foundation—leading the way. However, contemporary organizations are platformizing nontechnology offerings (e.g., ride-sharing or food delivery). With growing interest in platforms, the basic tenets underlying platformization are still not clear. This article synthesizes previous literature examining platforms, with the aim of examining what platformization is and how and why organizations platformize.