bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, and tolerance acquisition in infants with cow's milk protein allergy in a private center in Lima, Peru for the period 2021–2022
Authors: Calle César Galván , Díaz‐Vásquez Cecilia , Córdova‐Calderón Wilmer , Gómez de la Torre Juan , Matos‐Benavides Edgar , Toribio‐Dionicio Crhistian
Published: April 2024

Background

Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) remains relatively understudied in Latin America.

Methods

In this observational study, we enrolled 64 patients with a median age of 3 months, of whom 60% were male. Patients included had a history of IgE‐mediated reactions with IgE sensitization or non‐IgE‐mediated reactions or symptoms following exposure to cow's milk. They underwent skin prick test, ImmunoCAP, fecal calprotectin (FC), and fecal eosinophil‐derived neurotoxin (EDN), in addition to double‐blinded placebo‐controlled oral food challenges (DBPCFC), with clinical evolution and tolerance acquisition observed over 1 year.

Results

Malnutrition was present in 78.1% of patients, and 87.5% had a family history of atopy, with 51.6% receiving exclusive breastfeeding. Gastrointestinal manifestations were prevalent in 90.6% of patients, followed by dermatological manifestations (10.9%), with only 2 experiencing anaphylaxis. IgE‐mediated CMPA was observed in only six patients. In those with non‐IgE‐mediated CMPA, FC had a median of 284 mg/dL (IQR: 138.5–415.5), while EDN had a median of 508.5 mg/dL (IQR: 160.25–868). One year after diagnosis, median FC significantly decreased (p < 0.0001), and malnutrition prevalence reduced to 17.1%. Moreover, 81% of patients acquired tolerance following DBPCFC, with 52% utilizing nutritional replacement formulas at diagnosis. Notably, 94% of those extensively hydrolyzed casein‐based formulas achieved tolerance (p = 0.08).

Conclusion

Our findings provide a foundational framework for future investigations into CMPA diagnosis, tolerance acquisition, and the utilization of hypoallergenic formulas tailored to the unique characteristics of our region.
Subsequent malignant neoplasms after primary hematological malignancy in adult patients
Authors: Rönkkö Rosa M. , Nevala Aapeli O. , Pitkäniemi Janne M. , Wartiovaara‐Kautto Ulla M. , Malila Nea K.
Published: April 2024

Patients with primary hematological malignancy (HM) are at an elevated risk of subsequent malignant neoplasms (SMNs), which is a common concern after treatment of primary cancer. We identified 45,533 patients aged ≥20 years and diagnosed with primary HM in Finland from 1992 to 2019 from the Finnish Cancer Registry and estimated standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and excess absolute risks per 1000 person‐years (EAR) for SMNs. A total of 6076 SMNs were found (4604 solid and 1472 hematological SMNs). The SIRs were higher for hematological SMNs (SIR 4.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.7–5.2) compared to solid SMNs (SIR 1.5, 95% CI 1.4–1.5). The SIRs for hematological SMNs were highest in the young HM patients aged 20–39 years (SIR 9.2, 95% CI 6.8–12.2 in males and SIR 10.5, 95% CI 7.2–14.7 in females) and decreased by age of first primary HM. However, EARs for hematological SMNs were highest in the older patients, aged 60–79 years at their first primary HM (EAR 5.7/1000 and 4.7/1000 in male and female patients, respectively). In conclusion, the incidence of both hematological and solid SMNs were increased in hematological cancer patients. The relative risk (SIR) was highest among younger HM patients with hematological SMNs. The absolute second cancer burden reflected by high EAR arises from solid malignancies in older patients. Our results accentuate the need for vigilance in the surveillance of HM patients.
Advanced Sequencing Techniques to Map RNA Methylation
Authors: Song Ge‐Ge , Fan Xiu , Gao Chun‐Chun , Zhao Yong‐Liang , Yang Yun‐Gui
Published: April 2024

RNA methylation is a crucial epigenetic modification widely present in RNA molecules, and has been demonstrated to play significant roles in diverse biological processes. Advances in detection and sequencing technologies have facilitated the identification of RNA modification‐related regulatory proteins and their corresponding biological functions. In this paper, we provide a brief overview of several RNA methylation, including N6‐methyladenosine(m6A), 5‐methylcytidine(m5C), N1‐methyladenosine(m1A), N7‐methylguanosine(m7G) and N6, 2’‐O‐dimethyladenosine(m6Am), about their regulatory proteins, distribution patterns and biological functions, and mainly outline the advantages and limitations of the representative sequencing techniques. Finally, we discuss the technological challenges and future perspectives in RNA transcriptomic field.
A common curriculum in obstetrics and gynecology for medical students globally
Authors: Atiomo William U. , Casper Gabrielle , Symonds Ian , Obermair Helena M. , Gwako George , Vash‐Margita Alla , Sosa Claudio , Kihara Anne , Ezimokhai Mutairu , Fogarty Paul
Published: April 2024

Objective

Global variations in women's health outcomes, increased international migration, and an increase in the number of medical schools underpin the need for global standardization in obstetrics and gynecology curricula for medical students. However, there are currently no recommendations regarding the content of a common curriculum. The aim of this project was to agree the objectives for a common curriculum in obstetrics and gynecology for medical students globally.

Methods

The curriculum was developed and agreed by an international taskforce of obstetricians and gynecologists. Published curricula for medical students in a variety of regions globally were reviewed and discussed, and the objectives for a common curriculum in obstetrics and gynecology for medical students were agreed by consensus.

Results

The content of the proposed curriculum is classified into three domains: clinical skills, professional behaviors, and knowledge. The recommended curriculum covers health conditions that affect women globally in different social and cultural contexts, and addresses important global health issues of relevance to obstetrics and gynecology.

Conclusion

The methods and outcomes of a project by an international taskforce of obstetricians and gynecologists to develop a common curriculum in obstetrics and gynecology for medical students globally are presented. More work is required to identify ways in which the curriculum may be adapted to a minimum essential required curriculum in times of man‐made or natural disasters. Achieving these will facilitate the intended long‐term aims of this curriculum, to improve women's health outcomes globally.
Dumbbell neurofibroma in pregnancy: A case report
Authors: Weerasekara Pumudu , Chandraratne Nadeeka , Perera Sunil
Published: April 2024

Synopsis

This report of a dumbbell spinal neurofibroma in pregnancy provides insights into hormonal influence on its occurrence and highlights the use of the seated‐up position for surgery.
The effects of improved subsurface drainage on runoff and nitrogen leaching from a clayey field section
Authors: Jokinen Vilma , Salo Heidi , Mäkelä Minna , Nurminen Jyrki , Äijö Helena , Laine‐Kaulio Hanne , Myllys Merja , Koivusalo Harri
Published: April 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of improved subsurface drainage installation on nitrogen (N) loss in drain discharge (DD) and topsoil layer runoff (TLR). Data on DD and TLR, as well as on concentrations of total, nitrate and ammonium N in the runoff components, were collected from four sections of an experimental field in southern Finland (June 2007–December 2018). Supplementary drains were installed in one of the field sections in June 2014, and the data from that section were compared with those from three reference sections. Differences between the sections were statistically analysed based on annual and monthly values of runoff components and concentrations, as well as the loads of N fractions. The results revealed that improved drainage increased the N load in the DD, reducing the load in the TLR. Changes in N loads were more clearly driven by changes in the runoff volumes rather than by changes in the N concentrations in the runoff waters. Before the drainage improvement, most of the total N load was nitrate (53%), while the share of rest N (fraction of the total N after the mineral N fractions were subtracted) was 45%. After improved drainage, the percentages of nitrate and rest N were 73 and 26%, respectively. The results demonstrate the importance of agricultural water management as the key driver for controlling nutrient loads.
Voacangine protects hippocampal neuronal cells against oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation‐caused oxidative stress and ferroptosis by activating the PI3K‐Akt‐FoxO signaling
Authors: Li Ying , Sun Yan , Wang Jianghong , Wang Xiaolong , Yang Wenjie
Published: April 2024

Voacangine, a naturally occurring alkaloid, has been testified to display beneficial effects on a variety of human diseases, but its role in ischemic stroke is unclear. The impacts of voacangine on oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)‐tempted hippocampal neuronal cells are investigated. The bioinformatics analysis found that voacangine is a bioactive ingredient that may have good effects on ischemic stroke. KEGG pathways analysis found that voacangine may regulate ischemic stroke through modulating the PI3K‐Akt‐FoxO signaling pathway. Voacangine could mitigate OGD/R‐tempted cytotoxicity in HT22 cells. Voacangine mitigated OGD/R‐tempted oxidative stress in HT22 cells by diminishing reactive oxygen species level and enhancing superoxide dismutase level. Voacangine mitigated OGD/R‐tempted ferroptosis in HT22 cells. Voacangine promoted activation of the PI3K‐Akt‐FoxO signaling in OGD/R‐induced HT22 cells. Inactivation of the PI3K‐Akt‐FoxO signaling pathway reversed the protective effects of voacangine against OGD/R‐tempted oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, and ferroptosis in HT22 cells. In conclusion, voacangine protects hippocampal neuronal cells against OGD/R‐caused oxidative stress and ferroptosis by activating the PI3K‐Akt‐FoxO signaling.
Teaching and learning in biophotonics: Crossing the bridge between educators and students
Authors: Nogueira Marcelo S. , Gunther Jacqueline E. , Komolibus Katarzyna , Ryan Sinéad M. , Murray Brian S. , Jezzini Moises A. , Kennedy Declan , Andersson‐Engels Stefan
Published: April 2024

As a rapidly growing field, biophotonics demonstrates an increasingly higher demand for interdisciplinary professionals and requires the implementation of a structured approach to educational and outreach activities focused on appropriate curriculum, and teaching and learning for audiences with diverse technical backgrounds and learning styles. Our study shows the main findings upon applying this approach to biophotonics workshops delivered 2 consecutive years while updating and improving learning outcomes, teaching strategies, workshop content based on student and teacher feedback. We provided resources for a variety of lecture‐based, experimental, computer simulation activities. Quality of subject matter, teaching, and overall learning was rated as “Very good” or “Good” by 88%, 76%, and 82% of students in average, respectively. Application of our teaching strategies and materials during short‐ and long‐term workshops/courses could potentially increase the interest in pursuing careers in the biophotonics field and related areas, leading to standardized approaches in designing education and outreach events across centers.
Inhibitory effects of medium‐chain fatty acids on the proliferation of human breast cancer cells via suppression of Akt/mTOR pathway and modulating the Bcl‐2 family protein
Authors: Roopashree P. G. , Shetty Shilpa S. , Shetty Vijith Vittal , Suhasini P. C. , Suchetha Kumari N.
Published: April 2024

Medium‐chain fatty acids (MCFAs) have 6–12 carbon atoms and are instantly absorbed into the bloodstream before traveling to the portal vein and the liver, where they are immediately used for energy and may have antitumor effects. Its role in breast cancer is poorly understood. To investigate the apoptosis‐inducing effect of MCFAs in breast cancer cells, cell viability assay, colony formation assay, cell migration assay, cell invasion assay, nuclear morphology, cell cycle assay, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), apoptosis, RT‐qPCR analysis, and Western blot analysis were performed. In the present study, MCFA treatments reduced proliferative capability, increased ROS level, increased the depletion of MMP, induced G0/G1 and S phase cell cycle arrest, and late apoptosis of breast cancer cells in an effective concentration. Besides, MCFA treatment contributed to the upregulation of proapoptotic protein (BAK) and caspase‐3, and the downregulation of antiapoptotic protein (Bcl‐2). Mechanistically, phosphorylation levels of EGFR, Akt, and mTOR were significantly reduced in breast cancer cells treated with MCFAs. However, no significant changes in apoptosis and signaling‐related proteins were observed in lauric acid‐treated ER‐positive cancer cells. Our findings suggested that MCFAs suppressed breast cancer cell proliferation by modulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. MCFAs may be a promising therapeutic drug for treating breast cancer.
Machine learning for accuracy in density functional approximations
Authors: Voss Johannes
Published: April 2024

Machine learning techniques have found their way into computational chemistry as indispensable tools to accelerate atomistic simulations and materials design. In addition, machine learning approaches hold the potential to boost the predictive power of computationally efficient electronic structure methods, such as density functional theory, to chemical accuracy and to correct for fundamental errors in density functional approaches. Here, recent progress in applying machine learning to improve the accuracy of density functional and related approximations is reviewed. Promises and challenges in devising machine learning models transferable between different chemistries and materials classes are discussed with the help of examples applying promising models to systems far outside their training sets.
Teacher Empathy in an engineering classroom: Exploring the growth in perception of Teacher Empathy through the journey of three engineering faculty members
Authors: Sundaram Bala Vignesh , Kellam Nadia N.
Published: April 2024

Background

In higher education, Teacher Empathy is a term that refers to the empathetic skills of teachers. Researchers in other disciplines have shown that Teacher Empathy reduces teacher burnout and improves teacher satisfaction and student performance. There is little research on Teacher Empathy within engineering education.

Purpose

In our current study, we explored the potential changes in perception of Teacher Empathy among three engineering faculty members as they utilized empathetic actions while teaching second‐year engineering courses. Understanding the experiences of faculty members will help us to implement and further explore Teacher Empathy in engineering education.

Method

Teacher Action Research methodology helped us provide agency to our three participants and research with them instead of on them. We used a combination of values coding and simultaneous coding for data analysis.

Findings

Improved confidence in their empathetic skills was observed for two participants as they showed positive evolution of their perception about Teacher Empathy. The other participant increased the number of empathetic approaches he used in his classroom.

Conclusion

Reduced teacher burnout, improved teacher satisfaction, and better student performance were some of the major benefits of Teacher Empathy that emerged. The difference in the evolution of each participant's perception about Teacher Empathy indicated that the personality of a faculty member has an influence on implementation and success of Teacher Empathy.
Translation, cross‐cultural adaptation, and preliminary validation of a patient‐reported outcome measure for genetic counseling outcomes in Sweden
Authors: Pestoff Rebecka , Danielsson Henrik , McAllister Marion , Johansson Peter , Gunnarsson Cecilia
Published: April 2024

Genetic counseling is key for understanding the consequences of hereditary and genetic diseases and, therefore, crucial for patients, their families, and healthcare providers. Genetic counseling facilitates individuals' comprehension, decision‐making, and adaptation to hereditary diseases. This study focuses on the Swedish adaptation of the Genetic Counseling Outcome Scale‐24 (GCOS‐24), an internationally validated, patient‐reported outcome measure (PROM) for quantifying patient empowerment in genetic counseling. This study aimed to translate and cross‐culturally adapt the GCOS‐24 to measure patient‐reported outcome from genetic counseling in Sweden. The adaptation process was meticulously conducted, adhering to international guidelines, with cross‐cultural adaptation, translation, and back translation, to ensure semantic, conceptual, and idiomatic equivalence with the original English version. Face validity and understandability was assured using qualitative cognitive interviews conducted with patient representatives, and by a committee of experts in the field. The psychometric properties of the Swedish version of GCOS‐24 (GCOS‐24swe) were evaluated using a robust sample of 374 patients. These individuals received genetic counseling by telephone or video, necessitated by the constraints of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Participants responded to GCOS‐24swe both before and after genetic counseling. The GCOS‐24swe demonstrated face validity, good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.86), significant responsiveness (Cohen's d = 0.65, p < 0.001), and good construct validity. The study's findings underscore the GCOS‐24swe's potential as an effective instrument in both clinical practice and research within Sweden. It offers a valuable means for assessing patient empowerment, a key goal of genetic counseling. Additional psychometric assessment of test–retest reliability and interpretability would further enhance the utility of GCOS‐24swe.
Understanding the psychological impact of identifying carrier status on young adults: A qualitative study exploring peer reactions
Authors: Bowen Edie , Langston John , Fletcher Harriet , Domek Julia , Ulph Fiona
Published: April 2024

The benefits and harms of identifying carriers in childhood have long been debated with European Guidelines advising against this practice. Yet over a thousand carriers are identified via newborn bloodspot screening per year in the United Kingdom alone. One of the concerns about identification is the impact it has on an individual's identity. This, in part, will be determined by how parents and peers view carriers, particularly during young adulthood. To address the paucity of research looking at how carriers are perceived by peers, this study sought to explore the views of young adults, who themselves are not carriers, toward carriers. As the narratives around COVID‐19 increased, the salience of the term “carrier”, the impact of such narratives on perceptions, was also explored. Twenty‐five 18–25 year olds participated in a diary‐interview study in the United Kingdom during 2021 to explore their perceptions of carriers via hypothetical scenarios. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Interviewees believed carriers would experience stigma—including societal and self‐stigma. This was because people used existing illness beliefs to make sense of carrier status about which they had low levels of understanding. Interviewees believed carriers would experience challenges in familial and romantic relationships due to others' judgments. They also believed parents of carriers would experience a burden around making reproductive decisions, with clear views on what society would view as acceptable choices. Importantly interviewees felt knowledge of ones' own carrier status conferred complex communication challenges within relationships. These findings suggest an urgent need for more research and support for young adults entering a key stage in life for identity formation who have knowledge of their carrier status. The results suggest that support targeted toward the carrier regarding navigating complex communication and targeted more broadly to avoid stigma based on misunderstanding should be researched and developed.
Lectin binding to pectoral fin of neonate little skates reared under ambient and projected‐end‐of‐century temperature regimes
Authors: Thomas Peyton , Peele Emily E. , Yopak Kara E. , Sulikowski James A. , Kinsey Stephen T.
Published: April 2024

The glycosylation of macromolecules can vary both among tissue structural components and by adverse conditions, potentially providing an alternative marker of stress in organisms. Lectins are proteins that bind carbohydrate moieties and lectin histochemistry is a common method to visualize microstructures in biological specimens and diagnose pathophysiological states in human tissues known to alter glycan profiles. However, this technique is not commonly used to assess broad‐spectrum changes in cellular glycosylation in response to environmental stressors. In addition, the binding of various lectins has not been studied in elasmobranchs (sharks, skates, and rays). We surveyed the binding tissue structure specificity of 14 plant‐derived lectins, using both immunoblotting and immunofluorescence, in the pectoral fins of neonate little skates (Leucoraja erinacea). Skates were reared under present‐day or elevated (+5°C above ambient) temperature regimes and evaluated for lectin binding as an indicator of changing cellular glycosylation and tissue structure. Lectin labeling was highly tissue and microstructure specific. Dot blots revealed no significant changes in lectin binding between temperature regimes. In addition, lectins only detected in the elevated temperature treatment were Canavalia ensiformis lectin (Concanavalin A) in spindle cells of muscle and Ricinus communis agglutinin in muscle capillaries. These results provide a reference for lectin labeling in elasmobranch tissue that may aid future investigations.
Not detaching from work during leisure time: A control‐theory perspective on job‐related cognitions
Authors: Sonnentag Sabine , Wiegelmann Monika
Published: April 2024

Lack of psychological detachment from work during leisure time is related to unfavorable affective states and poor well‐being but little is known about the processes that drive this relationship. We propose that lack of detachment from work translates into next‐day negative and positive affect by specific thought processes. Building on a control‐theory approach to repetitive thought and rumination, we introduce a refined conceptualization of job‐related cognitions during leisure time that integrates a valence perspective (referring to negative versus positive events) with a temporal‐direction perspective (backward‐oriented vs. forward‐oriented). Using daily‐survey data collected from 243 employees over two workweeks, multilevel path analysis revealed that lack of detachment from negative events predicted backward‐oriented negative rumination and forward‐oriented solution seeking. Lack of detachment from positive events predicted backward‐oriented positive rumination and forward‐oriented goal generation. Only backward‐oriented negative rumination, in turn, predicted next‐day negative affect. Neuroticism and extraversion moderated the relationships between lack of detachment and job‐related cognitions, resulting in a particularly strong serial indirect effect between lack of detachment from negative events and next‐day negative affect for persons high in neuroticism. Our study helps to understand why and for whom lack of psychological detachment from work during leisure time is particularly adverse.
Changes in water‐soluble taste compounds of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets subjected to different thawing methods during long‐term frozen storage
Authors: Wang Hongli , Wang Yingying , Xu Ke , Pan Saikun , Shi Wenzheng , Wang Xichang
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

The taste of fish is highly dependent on the composition of free amino acids (FAAs) and nucleotides. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of long‐term frozen storage periods (−18 °C, up to 6 months) and thawing methods [water thawing (WT, 25 °C), air thawing (AT, 25 °C), and chilled air thawing (CAT, 4 °C)] on the taste quality of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets.

RESULTS

The results showed that increase in bitter FAAs of CAT samples was 150.57% at 6 months of storage, which was lower than that of AT and WT. Glycine was the most abundant FAA and CAT maintained the highest sweet FAAs (249.90 mg/100 g). Additionally, the inosine monophosphate (IMP) of CAT samples were 1.18 and 1.09 times higher than that of WT and AT, respectively, at a frozen period of 6 months. In particular, the increase in equivalent umami concentration (EUC) values ranged from 24.25% to 103.16% in the three groups during the first 2 months. Data from principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least‐squares discrimination analysis (OPLS‐DA) indicated that the taste quality was highly correlated with high levels of FAAs, hypoxanthine inosine (HxR) and hypoxanthine (Hx) as the storage time progressed.

CONCLUSION

In general, CAT is beneficial in maintaining the taste quality of tilapia fillets during frozen storage, and frozen durations for 2 months enhances the umami flavor. This study provides useful information for the preservation of frozen aquatic products during the storage and thawing, and enrich the theoretical knowledge of the flavor chemistry of fish products. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effect of partial substitution of complex phosphates with sodium bicarbonate on aggregation, conformation and gel properties of beef‐pork‐chicken complex myofibrillar proteins
Authors: Zhou Yajun , Liu Jingxuan , Ma Yongliang , Ma Zhiyuan , Ma Qingshu , Li Zongping , Wang Shujie
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Complex phosphates (CP) can improve the physicochemical properties and gelation properties of myofibrillar fibrous protein (MP) in mixed meat products, but an excessive intake of phosphates over a long period of time is harmful to health. The present study investigated the effects of partial or complete substitution of CP with sodium bicarbonate (SB) on the physicochemical properties and gel properties of beef‐pork‐chicken mixed myofibrillar protein (BPC‐MP), aiming to evaluate the feasibility of this method in reducing the amount of phosphate in mixed meat products.

RESULTS

Under the optimal substitution conditions, the turbidity of BPC‐MP was reduced by 37.8%, the net negative potential was increased by 28.9% and the modulus of elasticity (G') was increased. The tertiary structure indexes of protein (including fluorescence intensity, surface hydrophobicity and active thiol content) were significantly changed, whereas the α‐helix and β‐turn angle contents in the secondary structure of protein were significantly increased. In addition, the water retention ability and strength of gel were also improved, which were increased by 20.7% and 42.6%, respectively. The results of scanning electron microscopy showed that the SB substitution group had a more compact and ordered microstructure.

CONCLUSION

The results showed that partial substitution of CP with SB reduced the amount of phosphate added to BPC‐MP and had a positive effect on the physicochemical and gel properties of BPC‐MP. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Recalcitrant pityriasis rubra pilaris in a Middle Eastern patient and arguments for early anti‐IL‐23 targeting
Authors: Al‐Abdulla Mohammed N. , Al‐Shafi Wadha , Ahmed Hanof , Jochebeth Anh , Joy Febu , Younis Shahd , Petkar Mahir , Buddenkotte Joerg , Steinhoff Martin
Published: April 2024

Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is a rare, chronic cutaneous inflammatory disorder of keratinization affecting adults, children and patients with HIV. The pathogenesis of PRP is not fully understood with clinical presentations, and severity remains highly variable. Current treatment modalities for PRP result in recalcitrant disease with potentially unfavourable therapeutic side effects and low tolerability. Due to the rarity of this condition, limited data on treatment efficacies and established management guidelines are lacking. The psychological burden of PRP is detrimental to the quality of life of patients affected with PRP and remains a persistent gap of knowledge. Here, we provide a review of the literature, summarizing new developments in the treatment of PRP and a case report of a patient treated successfully with the anti‐interleukin (IL)‐23p19 antibody Risankizumab with sustained clinical improvement. Risankizumab appears to be an effective and safe treatment for PRP in Asian‐Arabic patients. Further studies are required to assess the efficacy, safety and tolerability of newer targeted therapies for severe PRP.
Open‐wedge high tibial osteotomy with and without bone void filler: Allograft leads to faster bone union and weight bearing with comparable return to work and sports rates
Authors: Resch Tobias , Szymski Dominik , Hartz Frederik , Zehnder Philipp , Römmermann Gregor , Angele Peter
Published: April 2024

Purpose

To compare the clinical and radiological outcome of open‐wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) with allogenous bone chips to a control group without bone void filler. The focus was on the rates and timelines of return to work (RTW) and return to sports (RTS), given the significance of these factors for the satisfaction of young and active patients.

Methods

One hundred and ninety‐five cases of OWHTO (112 cases with allograft vs. 83 cases without graft) with a follow‐up of 17 ± 4.8 months were included in this retrospective analysis. Various metrics were investigated, including time to return to full weight bearing, RTW and RTS rates and timelines, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Score, Cincinnati‐Sportsmedicine and Orthopaedic Centre Score and Tegner Score. The time to bone union was determined on radiographs taken at 6, 16, 28 and 53 weeks.

Results

Patients returned to full weight bearing after 8.8 ± 4.8 weeks. RTW was possible for 92.8% after 13.7 ± 12.3 weeks. 96.2% returned to sports after 22.7 ± 8.3 weeks, but the number of disciplines and workouts per week diminished (p < 0.001, p = 0.006). A shift to low‐impact and recreational sports was observed. Patients with allograft filling had earlier bone union (21 ± 12.3 vs. 31.9 ± 14.2 weeks, p < 0.001) and returned faster to full weight bearing (8.2 ± 4.5 vs. 9.8 ± 5 weeks, p = 0.013). There was no difference between groups in the IKDC Score (69 ± 17.2 vs. 69.9 ± 15.2, p = 0.834), Cincinnati‐Sportsmedicine and Orthopaedic Centre Score (68 ± 18.3 vs. 69.4 ± 18.2, p = 0.698) and Tegner Score (3.8 ± 1.5 vs. 4 ± 1.5, p = 0.246).

Conclusion

Allograft filling leads to faster bone union and return to full weight bearing but showed no significant advantage in terms of RTW/RTS, overall patient satisfaction and functional scores. The decision for or against filling the osteotomy gap, therefore, remains a case‐by‐case decision.

Level of Evidence

Level III, Retrospective cohort study.
Comprehensive assessment of rocky desertification treatment in Southwest China karst
Authors: Chang Jingyi , Li Qian , Zhai Lu , Liao Chujie , Qi Xiangkun , Zhang Ying , Wang Kelin
Published: April 2024

Rocky desertification is a prominent ecological issue in Southwest China's karst region, ranking among the nation's three primary ecological challenges alongside soil erosion and desertification. The government initiated the Rocky Desertification Treatment Program in 2008, lacking a comprehensive evaluation of its benefits. This study evaluates the program's impact on ecosystem services over the last two decades using remote sensing, ecosystem models, and field data. The results indicated a continuous net decrease of rocky desertification, 48% in the eight southwestern provinces from 2005 to 2021. The average annual growth rate of vegetation cover reached 2.54% in key counties for rocky desertification control, significantly higher than that of all the 451 rocky desertification counties from 2016 to 2020. Additionally, ecosystem productivity increased by 35.8% in rocky desertification counties from 2000 to 2020, which is 1.34 times greater than that observed in non‐rocky desertification counties. It was found that the ecosystem service promotion after the net reduction of rocky desertification area in 2010–2020 is more significant, especially the carbon sequestration in 2010–2020 of key counties for rocky desertification control is 2.7 times than that in 2000–2010. It indicates that the rocky desertification treatment enters the stage of ecosystem service promotion on the basis of achieving rapid “greening,” leading to significant improvements in ecosystem structures and services in the karst region of Southwest China. To mitigate the risk of rocky desertification, tailored measures must be implemented considering local climate, lithology, landform types, and human–land relations for effective treatment zoning and classification.
Toward more accurate estimates of carbon emissions from small reservoirs
Authors: Naslund Laura C. , Mehring Andrew S. , Rosemond Amy D. , Wenger Seth J.
Published: April 2024

Because of their abundance and high emissions rates, small reservoirs (< 0.01 km2) can be important emitters of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane. However, emissions estimates from small reservoirs have lagged those of larger ones, and efforts to characterize small reservoir emissions have largely overlooked variations in emissions pathways, times, and locations. We intensively sampled four small reservoirs in Georgia, USA, during the summer to quantify the contribution and spatiotemporal variability of different emissions pathways (CO2 and CH4 diffusion, CH4 ebullition). We used these data to evaluate the efficiency and accuracy of different sampling schemes. Every emissions pathway was dominant in one reservoir on one sampling day, and excluding ebullition caused misestimation between −89% and −15% of the total flux. Sampling only once daily caused misestimation between −78% and 45%, but sampling twice or just after dawn (07:00 h) reduced error. Sampling four or fewer locations caused misestimation between −85% and 366%, and our results indicated that 6–20 sampling locations may be needed for reasonable accuracy. The floating aquatic macrophyte Wolffia sp. (duckweed) appeared to exert control over emissions variability, and the consequences of not accounting for variability were greater in a duckweed‐covered reservoir. Our results indicate that sampling only at 10:00 h (modal sampling time of prior efforts) may lead to the erroneous conclusion that reservoirs with high photosynthetic biomass are CO2 sinks rather than sources. Improving estimation accuracy by accounting for within‐reservoir variation in emissions will facilitate more strategic management of these abundant, anthropogenic ecosystems.
Using a long‐range autonomous underwater vehicle to find and sample harmful algal blooms in Lake Erie
Authors: Zhang Yanwu , Kieft Brian , Hobson Brett W. , Raanan Ben‐Yair , Ussler William , Preston Christina M. , Errera Reagan M. , Den Uyl Paul A. , Woude Andrea Vander , Doucette Gregory J. , Ruberg Steven A. , Goodwin Kelly D. , Birch James M. , Scholin Christopher A.
Published: April 2024

Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) in the Great Lakes pose risks to residential drinking water use, fisheries, and recreation. Active mitigation of these risks requires rapid detection of CyanoHABs and quantification of the toxins they produce. Here, we present a method of using a long‐range autonomous underwater vehicle (LRAUV) equipped with a 3rd‐generation Environmental Sample Processor (3G‐ESP) to search for and adaptively sample areas of high chlorophyll potentially representative of CyanoHAB biomass. In August 2021, this method was used in western Lake Erie. The experiment highlighted the effectiveness of the LRAUV autonomous search‐and‐sample methodology, and demonstrated how an interdisciplinary team located in different states virtually coordinated LRAUV operations and directed sampling activities via Internet connectivity using shared, web‐based situational awareness tools. The advancements made provide a foundation for future work to increase LRAUV autonomy and adaptiveness for CyanoHAB studies and monitoring in both freshwater and marine settings.
Ultraminiature Optical Fiber‐Tip 3D‐Microprinted Photothermal Interferometric Gas Sensors
Authors: Zhao Pengcheng , Krishnaiah Kummara Venkata , Guo Linhao , Li Taige , Ho Hoi Lut , Zhang A. Ping , Jin Wei
Published: April 2024

Optical fiber sensor emerges as a highly promising technology for trace gas detection due to their high sensitivity, remote capability, and immunity to electromagnetic interference. However, the state‐or‐the‐art fiber‐optic gas sensors typically use lengthy optical fibers as gas absorption cells or coatings with functional materials to achieve more sensitive gas detection, which poses challenges such as slow response and/or poor selectivity, as well as limitations on their use in confined spaces. Here, an ultraminiature optical fiber‐tip photothermal gas sensor via direct 3D micro‐printing of a Fabry‐Pérot cavity on the end face of a standard single‐mode optical fiber is reported. It enables not only direct interaction between light and gas molecules at the fiber output but also remote interrogation through an interferometric read‐out scheme. With a low‐finesse microcavity of 66 µm in length, a noise equivalent concentration of 160 parts‐per‐billion acetylene gas is demonstrated with an ultra‐fast response time of 0.5 s. Such a small high‐performance photothermal gas sensor offers an approach to remotely detecting trace gases for a myriad of applications ranging from in‐reactor monitoring to medical diagnosis.
Telecom‐Band Spontaneous Parametric Down‐Conversion in AlGaAs‐on‐Insulator Waveguides
Authors: Placke Marlon , Schlegel Jan , Mann Felix , Della Casa Pietro , Thies Andreas , Weyers Markus , Tränkle Günther , Ramelow Sven
Published: April 2024

Widespread commercial adoption of telecom‐band quantum key distribution (QKD) will require fully integrated, room‐temperature transmitters. Implementing highly efficient spontaneous parametric down‐conversion (SPDC) on a platform that offers co‐integration of the pump laser has been an outstanding challenge. Here, using such a platform based on AlGaAs‐on‐insulator waveguides, telecom‐band SPDC (and SHG, second harmonic generation) is reported with exceedingly large efficiencies of 26 GHz generated pairs per mW over a 7 THz bandwidth, which would saturate the usable photon‐flux for a 70‐channel wavelength‐multiplexed QKD system at merely 1.7 mW of pump laser power.
Full‐Space Near‐ and Far‐Field Jones Vector Reconstruction by Global Organization of Bidirectional Non‐Interleaved Linear‐Polarized Meta‐Radiators
Authors: Pang Cheng , Wang Yuzhong , Yu Axiang , Qi Jiaran
Published: April 2024

Integrated radiation‐type metasurfaces (RA‐M) have gained importance in the development of next‐generation wireless communications and integrated electronics. They facilitate advanced electromagnetic (EM) wave control with a single radiation aperture. However, most RA‐Ms fail to simultaneously decouple the amplitude, phase, and polarization information of the spatial radiation wavefront owing to the intrinsic restrictions of the meta‐radiator and limited design strategy. This study proposes and demonstrates a full‐space non‐interleaved RA‐M platform capable of precise complex‐vector‐field (CVF) Jones vector reconstruction of both near and far fields in the microwave region. The method is based on the global interaction of linear‐polarized (LP) meta‐radiators, which are organized via the LP‐basis inverse design methodology; thus, the near‐ and far‐field Jones vectors of the radiated wavefront can be subjected to customized reconstruction. The existing unidirectional meta‐radiators are further pushed to bidirectional spaces, facilitating diverse full‐space multiplexing integrated meta‐devices, such as bidirectional multi‐polarization routers and full‐space vectorial hologram modulators. The proposed RA‐M unlocks the unequaled potential of radiated CVF, thereby paving a promising pathway for integrated electronic device technologies.
Isolated REM Sleep without Atonia Is Not Equivalent to REM Sleep Behavior Disorder in Early‐Stage Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Dodet Pauline , Houot Marion , Leu‐Semenescu Smaranda , Gaurav Rahul , Mangone Graziella , Corvol Jean‐Christophe , Lehéricy Stéphane , Vidailhet Marie , Roze Emmanuel , Arnulf Isabelle
Published: April 2024

Background

In early‐stage Parkinson's disease (PD), rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) predicts poor cognitive and motor outcome. However, the baseline significance and disease evolution associated with isolated REM sleep without atonia (iRWA, ie, enhanced muscle tone during 8.7% of REM sleep, but no violent behavior) are not well understood.

Objectives

The objective is to determine whether iRWA was a mild form of RBD and progressed similarly over time.

Methods

Participants with early PD (<4 years from medical diagnosis) were included from 2014 to 2021 in a longitudinal study. They underwent interviews and examinations in the motor, cognitive, autonomous, psychiatric, sensory, and sleep domains every year for 4 years along with a video polysomnography and magnetic resonance imaging examination of the locus coeruleus/subcoeruleus complex (LC/LsC) at baseline. The clinical characteristics were compared between groups with normal REM sleep, with iRWA and with RBD, at baseline and for 4 years.

Results

Among 159 PD participants, 25% had RBD, 25% had iRWA, and 50% had normal REM sleep. At baseline, the non‐motor symptoms were less prevalent and the LC/LsC signal intensity was more intense in participants with iRWA than with RBD. Over 4 years, participants with normal REM sleep and with iRWA had a similar cognitive and motor trajectory, whereas participants with RBD had greater cognitive and motor decline.

Conclusions

We demonstrated that iRWA is frequent in early PD, but is not a milder form of RBD. Both groups have distinct baseline characteristics and clinical trajectories. They should be distinguished in clinical routine and research protocols. © 2024 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Application of stoichiometric CT number calibration method for dose calculation of tissue heterogeneous volumes in boron neutron capture therapy
Authors: Hu Naonori , Nakao Minoru , Ozawa Shuichi , Takata Takushi , Tanaka Hiroki , Nihei Keiji , Ono Koji , Suzuki Minoru
Published: April 2024

Background

Monte Carlo simulation code is commonly used for the dose calculation of boron neutron capture therapy. In the past, dose calculation was performed assuming a homogeneous mass density and elemental composition inside the tissue, regardless of the patient's age or sex. Studies have shown that the mass density varies with patient to patient, particularly for those that have undergone surgery or radiotherapy. A method to convert computed tomography numbers into mass density and elemental weights of tissues has been developed and applied in the dose calculation process using Monte Carlo codes. A recent study has shown the variation in the computed tomography number between different scanners for low‐ and high‐density materials.

Purpose

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the elemental composition inside each calculation voxel on the dose calculation and the application of the stoichiometric CT number calibration method for boron neutron capture therapy planning.

Methods

Monte Carlo simulation package Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System was used for the dose calculation. Firstly, a homogeneous cubic phantom with the material set to ICRU soft tissue (four component), muscle, fat, and brain was modelled and the NeuCure BNCT system accelerator‐based neutron source was used. The central axis depth dose distribution was simulated and compared between the four materials. Secondly, a treatment plan of the brain and the head and neck region was simulated using a dummy patient dataset. Three models were generated; (1) a model where only the fundamental materials were considered (simple model), a model where each voxel was assigned a mass density and elemental weight using (2) the Nakao20 model, and (3) the Schneider00 model. The irradiation conditions were kept the same between the different models (irradiation time and irradiation field size) and the near maximum (D1%) and mean dose to the organs at risk were calculated and compared.

Results

A maximum percentage difference of approximately 5% was observed between the different materials for the homogeneous phantom. With the dummy patient plan, a large dose difference in the bone (greater than 12%) and region near the low‐density material (mucosal membrane, 7%–11%) was found between the different models.

Conclusions

A stoichiometric CT number calibration method using the newly developed Nakao20 model was applied to BNCT dose calculation. The results indicate the importance of calibrating the CT number to elemental composition for each individual CT scanner for the purpose of BNCT dose calculation along with the consideration of heterogeneity of the material composition inside the defined region of interest.
Investigations on the defect structures for Mn2+ in CdSe nanocrystals and bulk materials and the criterion of occupation for Mn2+ in CdX (X = S, Se, Te) nanocrystals
Authors: Li Guo‐Liang , Wu Shao‐Yi , Fan Kai‐Min
Published: April 2024

The spin Hamiltonian parameters and defect structures are theoretically studied for the substitutional Mn2+ at the core of CdSe nanocrystals and in the bulk materials from the perturbation calculations of spin Hamiltonian parameters for trigonal tetrahedral 3d5 clusters. Both the crystal‐field and charge transfer contributions are taken into account in the calculations from the cluster approach. The impurity‐ligand bond angles are found to be about 1.84° larger and 0.10° smaller in the CdSe:Mn2+ nanocrystals and bulk materials, respectively, than those (≈109.37°) of the host Cd2+ sites. The quantitative criterion of occupation (at the core or surface) for Mn2+ in CdX (X = S, Se, Te) nanocrystals is presented for the first time based on the inequations of hyperfine structure constants (HSCs). This criterion is well supported by the experimental HSCs data of Mn2+ in CdX nanocrystals. The previous assignments of signals SI as Mn2+ at the core of CdS nanocrystals are renewed as Mn2+ at the surface based on the above criterion. The present studies would be helpful to achieve convenient determination of occupation for Mn2+ impurities in CdX semiconductor nanocrystals by means of spectral (e.g., HSCs) analysis.
Considerations for medical nutrition therapy management of the critically ill patient with hematological malignancies: A narrative review
Authors: Lopez‐Delgado Juan Carlos , Patel Jayshil J. , Stoppe Christian , McClave Stephen A.
Published: April 2024

Patients with hematological malignancies (HMs) are more frequently admitted now than in the past to the intensive care unit (ICU) due to more aggressive approaches in primary therapy of HMs and the need for critical care support. Pathophysiological alterations derived from HMs and the different hematological therapies, such as chemotherapy, negatively affect gastrointestinal (GI) function, metabolism, and nutrition status. Further, malnutrition strongly influences outcomes and tolerance of the different hematological therapies. In consequence, these critically ill patients frequently present with malnutrition and pathophysiological alterations that create challenges for the delivery of medical nutrition therapy (MNT) in the ICU. Frequent screening, gauging tolerance, and monitoring nutrition status are mandatory to provide individualized MNT and achieve nutrition objectives. The present review discusses how HM impact GI function and nutrition status, the importance of MNT in patients with HM, and specific considerations for guidance in providing adequate MNT to these patients when admitted to the ICU.