bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cell death modes are specified by the crosstalk dynamics within pyroptotic and apoptotic signaling
Authors: Yin Zhiyong , Zhang Pei-pei , Xu Fei , Liu Zhilong , Zhu Ligang , Jin Jun , Qi Hong , Shuai Jianwei , Li Xiang
Published: September 2021

The crosstalk between pyroptosis and apoptosis pathways plays crucial roles in homeostasis, cancer, and other pathologies. However, its molecular regulatory mechanisms for cell death decision-making remain to be elucidated. Based on the recent experimental studies, we developed a core regulatory network model of the crosstalk between pyroptosis and apoptosis pathways. Sensitivity analysis and bifurcation analysis were performed to assess the death mode switching of the network. Both the approaches determined that only the level of caspase-1 or gasdermin D (GSDMD) has the potential to individually change death modes. The decrease of caspase-1 or GSDMD switches cell death from pyroptosis to apoptosis. Seven biochemical reactions among the 21 reactions in total that are essential for determining cell death modes are identified by using sensitivity analysis. While with bifurcation analysis of state transitions, nine reactions are suggested to be able to efficiently switch death modes. Monostability, bistability, and tristability are observed under different conditions. We found that only the reaction that caspase-1 activation induced by stimuli can trigger tristability. Six and two of the nine reactions are identified to be able to induce bistability and monostability, respectively. Moreover, the concurrence of pyroptosis and apoptosis is observed not only within proper bistable ranges, but also within tristable ranges, implying two potentially distinct regulatory mechanisms. Taken together, this work sheds new light on the crosstalk between pyroptosis and apoptosis and uncovers the regulatory mechanisms of various stable state transitions, which play important roles for the development of potential control strategies for disease prevention and treatment.
Low activation energy field-effect transistors fabricated by bar-assisted meniscus shearing
Authors: Berteau-Rainville Melissa , Tamayo Adrián , Leydecker Tim , Pezeshki Atiye , Salzmann Ingo , Mas-Torrent Marta , Orgiu Emanuele
Published: September 2021

Here, we study the temperature-dependent transport properties of OFETs with the prototypical OSC 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS-pentacene) co-processed with polystyrene (PS) as the active layer. The active layer is deposited directly on SiO2 using the bar-assisted meniscus shearing (BAMS) method. The co-processing with PS favors a consequential decrease in interfacial trap densities as previously reported. Furthermore, we demonstrate how this processing method leads to devices exhibiting activation energies well below the current state of the art for TIPS-pentacene on SiO2 or other dielectrics. Altogether, our study reports on TIPS-pentacene thin films exhibiting an activation energy (Ea) as low as 15 meV when the active material is blended with PS and processed via BAMS. Such an unprecedentedly low value originates not only from a decrease in the interfacial trap densities but also from trapping energies much shallower than previously reported elsewhere for the same material. This allows us to clarify the previously reported notion that significant passivation of interfacial traps occurs following the separation of PS from TIPS-pentacene into an individual layer at the interface with the insulator and to confirm that the enhanced transport originates from a synergistic effect wherein both trapping density and depth are reduced.
Impact of electrolyte density on synaptic characteristics of oxygen-based ionic synaptic transistor
Authors: Lee Chuljun , Choi Wooseok , Kwak Myunghoon , Kim Seyoung , Hwang Hyunsang
Published: September 2021

An oxygen-based ionic synaptic transistor (O-IST) is a promising synaptic element for neuromorphic computing. In this study, we demonstrated that the density of the electrolyte plays a key role in achieving excellent synaptic characteristics in an O-IST. In a Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3-based O-IST, we precisely controlled the density of the HfOx electrolyte and found that a low-density electrolyte could improve the ion mobility. Owing to the improved ion mobility and controlled ion migration, we demonstrated that excellent synaptic characteristics, such as a wide dynamic range, linear weight update, low operating voltage operations, and stable cyclic operation, were achieved. Finally, we confirmed an improved pattern recognition accuracy using an O-IST with an HfOx electrolyte of optimal density.
Broadband low-frequency sound absorbing metastructures based on impedance matching coiled-up cavity
Authors: Liu Yiyang , Ren Shuwei , Sun Wei , Lei Ye , Wang Haitao , Zeng Xiangyang
Published: September 2021

We report a kind of sound absorbing metastructure based on micro-perforated panel (MPP) and impedance matching coiled-up cavity (IMCC), which can broaden the low-frequency working bandwidth tremendously using single unit (e.g., 3.13 times compared to conventional designs) within a deep sub-wavelength thickness (e.g., ∼λ/20 at 322 Hz). Physically, impedance matching stemming from the dramatic cross-sectional area contrast of coiled-up channels reduces the acoustic reactance variation with respect to frequency, leading to broader low-frequency bandwidth. Theoretical predictions of sound absorption coefficients of the metastructure coincide well with the numerical and experimental results. The band broadening characteristics of the proposed IMCC are confirmed in relatively wide range of MPP parameters and partition panel positions. This work contributes to expanding the designing degrees of freedom for coiled-up metastructures to manipulate low-frequency waves in broadband.
Ultralow thermal conductivity in 1D and 2D imidazolium-based lead halide perovskites
Authors: Pipitone Candida , Boldrini Stefano , Ferrario Alberto , Garcìa-Espejo Gonzalo , Guagliardi Antonietta , Masciocchi Norberto , Martorana Antonino , Giannici Francesco
Published: September 2021

Low-dimensional hybrid organic–inorganic metal halide perovskites are rapidly emerging as a fascinating sub-class of the three-dimensional parent structures, thanks to their appealing charge and thermal transport properties, paired to better chemical and thermal stabilities. Extensive investigations of the thermal behavior in these systems are of paramount relevance to understand their optoelectronic and thermoelectric applications. Herein, we present a complete thermophysical characterization of imidazolium lead iodide, (IMI)PbI3, a 1D pseudo-perovskite with chains of face-sharing octahedra, and histammonium lead iodide, (HIST)PbI4, a 2D layered perovskite with corner-sharing octahedra. Upon heating, the two compounds show highly anisotropic thermal expansion effects and high thermal stability until 250–300 °C. The thermal diffusivity of pelletized powders was measured with the laser flash technique from room temperature up to 225 °C. To account for the reduced density of the pelletized powders with respect to the bulk, the diffusivity data in different atmospheres were modeled as a function of the volume fraction and dimensionality of the pores, allowing to extrapolate the thermal conductivity of the bulk materials. The two compounds exhibit an ultralow thermal conductivity of 0.15 W/m K, two to three times lower than that reported on 3D MAPbI3 using the same technique. This finding suggests the primary role of the organic molecules within the hybrid systems, regardless of the octahedra connectivity and dimensionality.
Strain effect on oxygen evolution reaction of the SrTiO3 (0 0 1) surface
Authors: Wen Linyuan , Li Mingtao , Shi Jinwen , Liu Yingzhe , Yu Tao , Liu Maochang , Zhou Zhaohui
Published: September 2021

Strontium titanate (SrTiO3) is one of the most promising photocatalysts for overall water splitting (OWS). Strains can be commonly introduced in SrTiO3 during the synthetic processes, for example, in pulsed laser deposition. However, the effect of the strains on the catalytic performance of OWS is still unclear to date. Herein, first-principles calculations were performed to evaluate the impact of biaxial strains applied in SrTiO3 (001) surface on the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the bottleneck of OWS. It was found that the applied strains, especially the compressive strains, significantly affect the free energy changes for H2O dissociation and *OOH deprotonation of OER on SrTiO3 (001). More interestingly, the tensile strains reduce the surface energy and lower the OER overpotential through reducing the free energy change for the rate-determining step, i.e., the second step of OER (*OH deprotonation), while the compressive strains increase the surface energy and the OER overpotential. Consequently, it is probable to introduce the tensile strains in the synthetic process to enhance the OER performance on SrTiO3 (001) surface.
Bimodal Floquet theory of phase-modulated heteronuclear decoupling experiments in solid-state NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Garg Rajat , Pandey Manoj Kumar , Ramachandran Ramesh
Published: September 2021

A prescription based on bimodal Floquet theory is proposed to describe the nuances of phase-modulated supercycled decoupling experiments in solids. The frequency dependent interaction frames relevant to a particular supercycle are identified to facilitate faster convergence of perturbation corrections to the derived effective Hamiltonians. In contrast to silico-based methods, the proposed analytic method offers an attractive platform for faster optimization of experiments in solids. Additionally, the relevance of supercycling at ultrafast spinning conditions is also discussed.
Molybdenum carbonitride deposited by plasma atomic layer deposition as a Schottky contact to gallium nitride
Authors: Molina Alex , Campbell Ian E. , Walter Timothy N. , Agyapong Ama D. , Mohney Suzanne E.
Published: September 2021

Molybdenum carbonitride films prepared by plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition were studied for use as Schottky contacts to n-type gallium nitride. Deposited using bis(tertbutylimino)bis(dimethylamino)molybdenum and a remote plasma N2/H2 plasma, the diodes capped with Ti/Au displayed excellent rectifying behavior with a barrier height of 0.87 ± 0.01 eV and an ideality factor of 1.02 ± 0.01 after annealing at 600 °C in N2. These characteristics surpass those of pure metal nitride Schottky diodes, possibly due to work function engineering due to the incorporation of C and use of a remote plasma to avoid process-induced defects. According to x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, the film composition is approximately MoC0.3N0.7. Grazing incidence x-ray diffraction and plan-view transmission electron microscopy selected area electron diffraction are consistent with a rock salt structure with a lattice parameter of 0.42 nm.
Interfacial dynamics of gas–water displacement in fractured porous media under high pressure
Authors: Qi Xinlei , Liu Shenghui , Yu Zhengliang , Sun Hedong , Chang Baohua , Luo Zhengyuan , Bai Bofeng
Published: September 2021

To deeply understand the dynamics of gas–water displacement in fractured porous media, especially under extreme high-pressure conditions, is essential to prevent water invasion in natural gas reservoirs. To this end, we presented an experimental study on the interfacial dynamics of gas–water displacement in a microfluidic device with fractured porous media, in which the displacement pressure could reach as high as 25 MPa. We found that, under the condition of quasi-static imbibition (i.e., at quite low differential pressure), water preferentially invaded the matrix instead of the fracture. In contrast, invasive water tended to permeate the fracture under high differential pressure; as a consequence, a conical front edge was formed at the gas–water displacing interface. More importantly, the interfacial front in different fractures contacted at the cross junctions and led to the formation of trapped gas in the matrix, due to the velocity of gas–water interface in the fracture being higher than that in the matrix. Besides, with increase in differential pressure and fracture number, the difference in the interfacial velocity between fractures and the matrix increased and hence the gas in the matrix was more easily trapped. Finally, we established a theoretical model to predict the interfacial velocity of gas–water displacement in fractured porous media under high pressure, which was able to well reproduce experimental data.
A novel Ka-band coaxial transit time oscillator with internal extraction
Authors: Gao Xingfu , Song Lili , Zhang Haoran , Wang Lei , Ling Junpu , He Juntao
Published: September 2021

In this paper, a Ka-band coaxial transit time oscillator (TTO) with internal extraction is proposed. Particle-in-cell simulation of this oscillator is performed to obtain results as follows: under the conditions of a diode voltage of 459 kV, current of 3.9 kA, and guiding magnetic field of 0.5 T, microwaves with an output power of 0.75 GW and a frequency of 31.4 GHz can be achieved with an efficiency of 42% and a saturation time of nearly 25 ns. Moreover, the asymmetric mode competition is suppressed in the preliminary experiments. The study of a Ka-band TTO aims to extend the working frequency of high power microwave sources to a higher level. Such a device has three merits. First, it implements high power and high efficiency. Second, the internal extraction of the microwave output decreases the over-mode ratio in the microwave extraction region. Third, the over-mode ratio of the internal extraction is smaller compared with the external extraction, which can effectively suppress asymmetric mode competition.
Breakdown of the Stokes–Einstein relationship and rapid structural ordering in CuZrAl metallic glass-forming liquids
Authors: Chen F. Z. , Mauro N. A. , Bertrand S. M. , McGrath P. , Zimmer L. , Kelton K. F.
Published: September 2021

The results of a combined structural and dynamical study of Cu–Zr–Al metallic glass forming liquids are presented. Containerless high-energy x-ray scattering experiments made using electrostatic levitation are combined with molecular dynamics simulations to probe the onset of rapid structural ordering as well as the temperature-dependent diffusivity and viscosity in three liquids: Cu49Zr45Al6, Cu47Zr45Al8, and Cu43Zr45Al12. These compositions were chosen because they are reported to have dramatically different glass forming-ability. Experimental data show that the first peak in the x-ray static structure factor displays evidence for a Curie–Weiss type behavior, but also a peak in the effective Curie temperature. The evidence provided here for the onset of cooperativity, marked by a crossover temperature, TA (which is usually above the liquidus temperature), is accompanied by the onset of development of more spatially extended structural order in the liquids. Based on the molecular dynamics simulations, each of the liquids exhibits a clear breakdown of the Stokes–Einstein relation at a temperature near, but below, the crossover temperature, TA. The breakdown is manifest as a rapid reduction in the relative diffusion coefficients between Cu, Zr, and Al.
Robust nonadiabatic holonomic quantum gates on decoherence-protected qubits
Authors: He Zhi-Cheng , Xue Zheng-Yuan
Published: September 2021

Obtaining high-fidelity and robust quantum gates is the key for scalable quantum computation, and one of the promising ways is to implement quantum gates using geometric phases, where the influence of local noises can be greatly reduced. To obtain robust quantum gates, we here propose a scheme for quantum manipulation by combining the geometric phase approach with the dynamical correction technique, where the imperfection control induced X-error can be greatly suppressed. Moreover, to be robust against the decoherence effect and the randomized qubit-frequency shift Z-error, our scheme is also proposed based on the polariton qubit, the eigenstates of the light–matter interaction, which is immune to both errors up to the second order, due to its near symmetric energy spectrum. Finally, our scheme is implemented on the superconducting circuits, which also simplifies previous implementations. Since the main errors can be greatly reduced in our proposal, it provides a promising strategy for scalable solid-state fault-tolerant quantum computation.
Strain-tunable phase transition and doping-induced magnetism in iodinene
Authors: Liu Pengyu , Zhang Guangbiao , Yan Yuli , Jia Guanwei , Liu Chang , Wang Bing , Yin Huabing
Published: September 2021

Two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetic materials with high Curie temperatures (TC) and tunable physical properties are crucial to the development of nanoscale spintronics devices. Here, we investigate the newly synthesized iodinene using first-principles calculations. Our results show that doping carriers in monolayer and bilayer iodinene can easily introduce itinerant ferromagnetism due to a flatband structure near the Fermi level, and that the associated TC is higher than room temperature. Moreover, we find that a structural phase transition can be achieved through the application of moderate tensile strain for both monolayer and bilayer iodinene. The magnetic moment, Curie temperature, band structure, carrier effective mass, and optical absorption can be changed significantly through this phase transition, and the transition can also lead to a magnetic phase transition with an appropriate doping concentration. Our work provides a feasible approach for designing 2D magnetic materials with potential for application in microelectronics devices.
On generalist scholarship: A hierarchical view of research
Authors: Adams Thomas. M.
Published: September 2021

In this Perspective, the author presents his vision of scholarship as consisting of hierarchically nested levels of specialization, each level offering its own perspective and value. He argues that in an era of increasingly sophisticated analysis tools, modern scholarship tends to proceed largely unaware of the benefits of conducting research at the higher, more general levels of the hierarchy. Drawing upon his own research and that of others, he gives examples of the manner in which generalist scholarship may proceed, the type of unique insights it uncovers, and the wisdom afforded us via an awareness of where our scholarship resides within the hierarchy.
Decreased night temperature affects development and grain yield only in cold-susceptible rice (
Authors: Rativa Angie G. S. , Navarro Bruno B. , Gastmann Rodrigo , Lamb Thainá I. , Silva Alexsander S. , Dias Pedro V. C. , Lemainski Liliani E. , Mario Rafaella B. , Ponte Lucas R. , Gindri Rafael G. , Coelho Lucas L. , Marchesan Enio , Ricachenevsky Felipe K. , Sperotto Raul A.
Published: September 2021

It is largely known that low temperature stress can affect rice (Oryza sativa L.) development and yield. However, most studies have focussed on unique and uninterrupted cold treatment, which is not representative of cold conditions for early sowing in temperate and subtropical areas where cold nights are followed by warm days during early vegetative stages. In order to elucidate whether rice plants could recover from the damages caused by repetitive cold nights, we submitted a cold-tolerant (CT) and a cold-sensitive (CS) indica genotype to 28 cold nights (10°C) followed by warm days (26°C) and analysed the developmental and productivity traits of plants cultivated in greenhouse and field conditions. While CT plants were able to recover from cold damage without significant development and seed production penalties, CS plants were affected, presenting lower results in plant height, tiller number, number of seeds per plant, % of full seeds per plant, grain length and area, weight of 1000 full grains, and grain weight per plant, with a grain yield reduction of 82% and 30% when cultivated in greenhouse and field conditions, respectively. Such data on sowing period, night temperatures and the cold response of the rice cultivar used are important for the producer to consider.
Fast and nonuniform dynamics of perisaccadic vision in the central fovea
Authors: Intoy Janis , Mostofi Naghmeh , Rucci Michele
Published: September 2021

Significance

Humans shift their gaze more frequently than their heart beats. These rapid eye movements (saccades) enable high visual acuity by redirecting the tiny high-resolution region of the retina (the foveola). But in doing so, they abruptly sweep the image across receptors, raising questions on how the visual system achieves stable percepts. It is well established that visual sensitivity is transiently attenuated during saccades. However, little is known about the time course of foveal vision despite its disproportionate importance, as technical challenges have so far prevented study of how saccades affect the foveola. Here we show that saccades modulate this region in a nonuniform manner, providing stronger and faster changes at its very center, a locus with higher sensitivity.
“The bloodiness and horror of it”
Authors: Bullo Stella
Published: September 2021

In this work, I explore pain descriptions by women who live with the life-altering gynaecological disease of endometriosis. This condition causes incapacitating pain, which tends to be dismissed and normalised as part of the female condition (Cumberbatch, 2019). My aim is to explore the general patterns of pain conceptualisation by women with endometriosis and outline how an in-depth examination of salient elements of narrative scenarios may contribute towards providing a comprehensive understanding of the pain experience. I first examine patterns of metaphorical pain collocates from a corpus generated from online forum contributions. Following this, I explore metaphorical scenarios of pain, focusing on stories that reference popular texts or genres from a conceptual integration perspective. I argue that the combination of metaphor analysis of naturally-occurring data and conceptual intertextuality and interdiscursivity analysis in the metaphorical scenarios of elicited data constitute a methodological niche that allows a holistic assessment of the pain that can potentially be used in consultations and may help tackle the alarming diagnosis delay of endometriosis, which is currently 7.5 years.
‘Could I have an appointment for a viewing?’
Authors: Du Bois Inke
Published: September 2021

This paper represents a novel approach to the study of discrimination in the housing market. Beginning with
detailed discourse analyses of several excerpts of apartment application conversations, it highlights how Standard
German, Standard American and Turkish accents interact and how power relations are reproduced on a micro-level through
interruptions and repair initiations. Furthermore, it includes the statistical report of the viewing appointments
resulting from almost 300 phone calls placed in four different city districts of the city of Bremen, Germany, with
Turkish, Standard American, and German names and accents. The neighborhoods, not the city per se, are a crucial aspect
for predicting linguistic discrimination: in the more prestigious neighborhood, Turkish accented callers had
significantly lower chances of receiving a viewing. In all but one city district, the Standard German callers received
the most viewing appointments, and the American English accented callers had more chances than the Turkish callers
speaking Standard German.
A lack of phonological inherentness
Authors: Baratta Alex
Published: September 2021

This paper addresses accent preference in the context of UK teaching. From this, there are
instances of trainee teachers being told to reduce their accents. The views of 32 teachers were collected and
the paper focuses on two specific points. First, it is not the sounds per se that characterise accents in
terms of positive or negative evaluations; rather, it is the societal connotations. Second, it is not merely
regional accents as such that are targeted for reduction but instead, more broad realisations of such accents.
Thus, in the context of teaching, notions of professionalism are sometimes understood differently between
teachers and mentors when viewed from a linguistic perspective, with broad accents often the target for
change.
English-language attitudes and identities in Spain
Authors: Carrie Erin
Published: September 2021

Language attitude research has increasingly focused on English-language learners’ evaluations of
various accents and their ability to recognise them. However, little academic attention has been paid to the
links between language attitudes and use, or language attitudes and identities. Contextualised within two
Spanish universities, this chapter explores learners’ English-mediated identities via questionnaires and
interviews, and the ways in which they negotiate possible selves within paired interactions. Quantitative data
suggest that attitudes can predict use to some extent, but qualitative data provide much deeper insights into
the negotiation of identity using rich sociolinguistic repertoires. The chapter concludes with some
reflections on the nature of the relationship between language attitudes, language use and second-language
identities.
Autoimmunity affecting the biliary tract fuels the immunosurveillance of cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Paillet Juliette , Plantureux Céleste , Lévesque Sarah , Le Naour Julie , Stoll Gautier , Sauvat Allan , Caudana Pamela , Tosello Boari Jimena , Bloy Norma , Lachkar Sylvie , Martins Isabelle , Opolon Paule , Checcoli Andrea , Delaune Agathe , Robil Noémie , de la Grange Pierre , Hamroune Juliette , Letourneur Franck , Autret Gwennhael , Leung Patrick S.C. , Gershwin M. Eric , Zhu Jie S. , Kurth Mark J. , Lekbaby Bouchra , Augustin Jérémy , Kim Youra , Gujar Shashi , Coulouarn Cédric , Fouassier Laura , Zitvogel Laurence , Piaggio Eliane , Housset Chantal , Soussan Patrick , Maiuri Maria Chiara , Kroemer Guido , Pol Jonathan G.
Published: September 2021

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) results from the malignant transformation of cholangiocytes. Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) are chronic diseases in which cholangiocytes are primarily damaged. Although PSC is an inflammatory condition predisposing to CCA, CCA is almost never found in the autoimmune context of PBC. Here, we hypothesized that PBC might favor CCA immunosurveillance. In preclinical murine models of cholangitis challenged with syngeneic CCA, PBC (but not PSC) reduced the frequency of CCA development and delayed tumor growth kinetics. This PBC-related effect appeared specific to CCA as it was not observed against other cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma. The protective effect of PBC was relying on type 1 and type 2 T cell responses and, to a lesser extent, on B cells. Single-cell TCR/RNA sequencing revealed the existence of TCR clonotypes shared between the liver and CCA tumor of a PBC host. Altogether, these results evidence a mechanistic overlapping between autoimmunity and cancer immunosurveillance in the biliary tract.
Plasmonic nano-particles mediated energy harvesting in thin-film organic solar cells
Authors: Hamed Mohammed S G , Ike Jude N , Mola Genene Tessema
Published: September 2021

A Cd-doped ZnO nano-composite (Cd:ZnO) was synthesized using wet chemistry, and then incorporated into the photo-active layer of a thin film organic solar cell (TFOSC) to assist photon harvesting. The nano-composite (NC) formed different sized nano-structures that are beneficial to optical absorption and charge transport processes in the TFOSC. The effects on the NC were studied using a solar absorber medium composed of a poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and 6-6-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) blend with standard device architecture: ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:PCBM/LiF/Al. The electrical and optical properties of the photoactive films were investigated at various doping levels of Cd:ZnO NC in the medium. The composite showed interesting local surface plasmon resonance, which significantly impacted on the performance of the cells. Consequently, the power conversion efficiency of the TFOSC grew by 84% compared to the reference cell. It is also noted that Cd:ZnO is environmentally stable and compatible for solution device processing.
Suppression of ion migration in perovskite materials by pulse-voltage method*
Authors: Wang Xue-Yan , Wang Hu , Chen Luo-Ran , Shao Yu-Chuan , Shao Jian-Da
Published: September 2021

Hybrid halide perovskites have great potential for applications in optoelectronic devices. However, the typical ion migration in perovskite could lead to the non-repeatability of electrical measurement, instability of material, and degradation of device performance. The basic current–voltage behavior of perovskite materials is intricate due to the mixed electronic–ionic characteristic, which is still poorly understood in these semiconductors. Developing novel measurement schematic is a promising solution to obtain the intrinsic electrical performance without the interference of ion migration. Herein, we explore the pulse-voltage (PV) method on methylammonium lead tribromide single crystals to protect the device from the ion migration. A guideline is summarized through the analysis of measurement history and condition parameters. The influence of the ion migration on current–voltage measurement, such as repeatability and hysteresis loop, is under controlled. An application of the PV method is demonstrated on the activation energy of conductivity. The abruption of activation energy still exists near the phase transition temperature despite the ion migration is excluded by the PV method, introducing new physical insight on the current–voltage behavior of perovskite materials. The guideline on PV method will be beneficial for measuring halide perovskite materials and developing optoelectronic applications with new technique schematic.
Uniform light emission from electrically driven plasmonic grating using multilayer tunneling barriers
Authors: He Xiao-Bo , Hu Hua-Tian , Tang Ji-Bo , Zhang Guo-Zhen , Chen Xue , Shi Jun-Jun , Ou Zhen-Wei , Shi Zhi-Feng , Zhang Shun-Ping , Liu Chang , Xu Hong-Xing
Published: September 2021

Light emission by inelastic tunneling (LEIT) from a metal–insulator–metal tunnel junction is an ultrafast emission process. It is a promising platform for ultrafast transduction from electrical signal to optical signal on integrated circuits. However, existing procedures of fabricating LEIT devices usually involve both top-down and bottom-up techniques, which reduces its compatibility with the modern microfabrication streamline and limits its potential applications in industrial scale-up. Here in this work, we lift these restrictions by using a multilayer insulator grown by atomic layer deposition as the tunnel barrier. For the first time, we fabricate an LEIT device fully by microfabrication techniques and show a stable performance under ambient conditions. Uniform electroluminescence is observed over the entire active region, with the emission spectrum shaped by metallic grating plasmons. The introduction of a multilayer insulator into the LEIT can provide an additional degree of freedom for engineering the energy band landscape of the tunnel barrier. The presented scheme of preparing a stable ultrathin tunnel barrier may also find some applications in a wide range of integrated optoelectronic devices.
Study on the application properties of high hydrophobic paper yarn base paper
Authors: Bianzhi Zhang , Qian Yang , Jinru Cheng , Lin Yuan , Zhong Liu
Published: September 2021

As a new kind of paper-based textile materials and thanks to its healthiness and environmental protection, the paper yarn and its production will have a good future. This study mainly explores the papermaking process as follows: the beating degree of hemp pulp is 75°SR, the addition amount of PVA fiber, polyamide polyamine epichlorohydrin (PAE) and alkenone dimer (AKD) is 2.0%, 2.5% and, 0.2%, respectively. In addition, the pressure light pressure is 15 N/mm. The high hydrophobic paper yarn base paper has the wear resistance, water resistance, acid and alkali resistance. The analysis shows that the paper yarn base paper can be used as raw material in textile and weaving industries, thus reducing the use of viscose, polyester, plastic, etc.
Investigations on oxidation resistance of phase change materials for heat storage
Authors: Zhang Wei , Meng Xiao , Liu Wenjie , Li Baorang
Published: September 2021

Antioxidant graphite was prepared from Al(H2PO4)3 solution by solution impregnation method. The as-prepared antioxidant graphite was further compounded with phase change materials for heat storage depending upon the form-stable technique. SEM with EDS analyses were used to characterize both the morphology and microstructure of the impregnated graphite while DSC were used to measure thermal properties of the composite. The results showed that the best impregnation mass ratio of Al(H2PO4)3to graphite should be 2:1∼3:1. In this case, the obtained composite heat storage material can realize certain oxidation resistance and obtain good heat storage performance after thermal cycling.
Effect of aging of foam rubber on properties and constitutive models
Authors: Shao ZhaoQun , Zhu Min , Wang HaoYu , Li MuYi
Published: September 2021

This article reviews the effects of aging on properties and constitutive models of foam rubber materials. Firstly the change of aging indicators such as compression set and stress relaxation with time and temperature, and the influence of relative density, hardness of materials, the size and shape of the cell on the aging indicators are introduced in this article. Secondly, this article also introduces the strengths and application of commonly used hyper-elastic material constitutive models such as Arruda-Boyce model, Van der Waals model, Neo-Hookean model, Mooney-Rivlin model, Yeoh model, and Odgen model, and introduced the influence of aging on model parameters. Finally, the influence of aging on the model parameters is introduced.
Microstructural simulation of initial particle-matrix interfacial defect in HTPB solid propellants
Authors: Hou Yufei , Xu Jinsheng , Zhou Changsheng , Chen Xiong
Published: September 2021

Impregnation capability at particle-matrix interfacial deteriorates during the preparation of composite solid propellant due to manufacturing and environmental factors, which leads to the initial defects in the HTPB solid propellant. In the present work, the effects of initial particle-matrix interfacial defects on the debonding, nucleation, and crack propagation of the composite solid propellant is investigated experimentally and numerically. A random packing model is developed based on the molecular dynamics method by embedding AP particles in the HTPB propellant. The strength of particle-matrix interface obeys Weibull function. Moreover, a zero-thickness cohesive element is used to simulate the particle-matrix interfacial debonding and matrix rupture. According to the simulation and experiment results, the initial interface defects makes a marked effect on the initial modulus, limit strength and elongation at fracture of the composite solid propellant. The initial modulus, limit strength and elongation at fracture of the composite solid propellant decrease with the increase of the initial interface defects.
Study on sedimentary microfacies and sand body distribution of Chang 8 oil reservoir group in Xunyi area, southern Ordos
Authors: Yin Wang , Tianlong Zhang , Ningning Zhang , Xiaogang Song
Published: September 2021

Geological surveys were conducted in this area as early as the 1960s. Only a few wells were drilled in the 1970s, and there will be no large-scale exploration in the future. It is currently difficult to meet the need for further exploration. The provenance direction of the Chang 8 reservoir in this area is still controversial, the sedimentary microfacies characteristics and sand body distribution are unclear, and the development law is unclear. Therefore, the subsequent exploration and development process of Chang 8 reservoir in this area is greatly affected. Therefore, it is urgent to carry out research on sedimentary microfacies and sand body distribution. This paper studies the distribution of sedimentary microfacies and sand bodies of Chang 81 and Chang 82 oil layers, which provides an important basis for future reservoir research and analysis of accumulation factors, ascertaiN the distribution of oil reservoirs, predicting favorable zones, and evaluating and optimizing exploration targets.
Sedimentary facies characteristics of Yan 9 oil-bearing formation of Yan’an Formation in D area of northern Shaanxi
Authors: Zhao Yunhong , Li Yangjun , Yang Shasha
Published: September 2021

In order to promote the exploration and development of oil reservoirs in northern Shaanxi, the study of sedimentary facies characteristics in D area was carried out. Using core, logging and logging data, the Yan 9 oil layer group in the D area is divided into two small layers, Yan 91+2 and Yan 93. Based on the core description, the analysis of single-well sedimentary facies, continuous-well sedimentary facies, and planar sedimentary facies is carried out. It is believed that the Yan 9 member of the study area is a delta plain deposit, which is mainly composed of distributary channels, natural embankment and inter-branch swamp microfacies. Vertically, the sand bodies in the Yan 9 oil-bearing group are discontinuous, with distributary channels and inter-branch swamps mainly developed. Horizontally, the channels of the Yan 9 oil layer group spread out in strips on the plane, extending in the northwest-south east direction. There are 6 main rivers in the study area of Yan93 stage and 7 main rivers in Yan91+2 stage. Channel deposits constitute the main body of the sand body skeleton and are also the main oil and gas enrichment area.
Study on shear fracture flow capacity of hard brittle rocks
Authors: Xie Yetong , Li Jing , Song Ziyi , Wang Chongzhi , Wang Kaiyu , Li Wenyan , Wei Haoyang
Published: September 2021

It is of great significance for the construction and operation of high head pumped storage power station, high dam project and deep tunnel project to master the seepage characteristics and laws of rock mass shear fracture. In this paper, the seepage characteristics of marble shear fractures are summarized as follows. (1) In the radial seepage test, the seepage process conforms to darcy’s law, and there is a linear relationship between head pressure and flow. (2) The characteristics of local tensile failure in the cracks generated under low normal force during the shear process hinder the seepage. (3) The normal force has a significant influence on the fracture seepage. In the process of the normal force increasing from 36kN to 48kN, the seepage characteristics show a sudden change, and the contact form of the shear fracture surface changes, indicating that part of the seepage channel in this stage appears a closed phenomenon with the increase of the normal force, and a large area of closure is formed in the fracture.
Development of S22053+12MnNiVR rolled clad steel plate for multi-stage flash desalination evaporator shell
Authors: Xin Ouyang , Xinming Hu , Diandong Sun , Chu Wang , Yong Wang , Mengnan Xing
Published: September 2021

This paper describes the development process of S22053+12MnNiVR composite steel plate using vacuum electron beam welding technology and double-sided symmetrical billet assembly method in ANSTEEL Co., Ltd., which has a product thickness of 2+12mm and is used in multi-stage flash seawater desalination evaporator shell. The stainless-steel clad steel plate has excellent comprehensive mechanical properties, good resistance to intergranular corrosion and seawater corrosion. The bonding rate of its composite interface meets the requirements of GB/T 8165-2008 Class I, and the bonding rate between atoms is 100%. As a new generation of green composite material, the successful development of S22053+12MnNiVR stainless steel-clad steel plate is of great significance in reducing the cost of seawater desalination, increasing the life of seawater desalination equipment, and realizing the localization of equipment, which provides an important way for China to solve the shortage of fresh water resources and lays a solid foundation for China to realize the green recycling of seawater resources.
Numerical study of the thermo-fluid flow and weld appearance of 2195 Al-Li alloys in wire feed laser welding
Authors: Xv Qihang , Tian Gan , Chen jinshu , Yang Zhengwei
Published: September 2021

The wire feed laser welding has significant merits in metal joining technology for the manufacturing industry, which including high energy efficiency, high welding speed, automated workflow and narrow heat-affected zone. During to the interaction between weld pool and welding wire, the welding process is more complicated. In this work, a numerical model to the wire feed laser welding for the liquid bridge transition was built. By constructing a movable welding wire entity accurately, the simulation result for flow and heat transfer inside weld pool and welding wire were acquired by the numerical solution. The temperature field, velocity field and weld appearance can be obtained by simulation results. The results shown that the rapid wire feed speed will increase the heat absorption of welding wire, which can improve the hardness due to higher cooling rate. Through the analysis of experimental and simulation results, the quantitative relationship between weld parameters and weld result can be obtained. The numerical simulation can guide the optimization of welding parameters and control the weld appearance.
Flexural Behaviours of CFRP Sheets Reinforced Steel-Concrete Composite Beams
Authors: Tang Lei , Wei Dong , Gao Zhao
Published: September 2021

The finite element simulation was performed for 8 carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) sheets reinforced steel-concrete composite beams via ABAQUS software, in an effort to further investigate their mechanical properties. Next, the influences of shear connection degree and elasticity modulus, width and constitutive relation of CFRP sheets on the mechanical properties of steel-concrete composite beams were studied. Subsequently, their load-dependent change laws of midspan deflection were reported in detail. The simulation results show that the reinforcement effect on the negative moment region of each composite beam is improved with the increase in the elasticity modulus, width of CFRP sheets and the shear connection degree.
Stability Analysis of Unsaturated Red Clay Slope under Different Heavy Precipitation Patterns
Authors: Chen Dengkai , Zhong Jiuqiang , Zhu Bitang , Jiang Yalong
Published: September 2021

A fluid-solid coupling numerical model was established for unsaturated red clay, which is prone to causing clustered landslides under three typical heavy precipitations in southwest China, to investigate the influence of the precipitation patterns on the infiltration mode, pore water pressure and stability of unsaturated red clay slopes. The investigation showed that (1) during heavy precipitation, much rainwater tends to form a transient saturated zone in the shallow layers of the slopes in a short time, thereby reducing the matric suction of the soil matrix; (2) under short-term continuous rainstorm, the pore water pressure dropped to the greatest extent; and (3) the safety factor experienced the largest decrease under persistent heavy precipitation following 24-hour rainfall, while slopes displaced the most under sudden rainstorm.
Study on mechanical properties of basalt fiber reinforced coral concrete under loading
Authors: Zhou Hao , Wu Qing
Published: September 2021

Basalt fiber and cement are easy to disperse concrete and mortar, so basalt fiber reinforced concrete plays the role of reinforcement, crack prevention and crack resistance. The basalt fiber has good ductility and corrosion resistance, which can replace the traditional concrete and is widely used in construction engineering. In order to improve the strength of coral concrete in marine engineering, the compressive strength and creep properties of coral concrete mixed with basalt fiber were tested, and the creep prediction model suitable for coral concrete was established. The experimental results show that the effect of basalt fiber on the compressive strength of reinforced concrete is not significant; The creep behavior of basalt fiber reinforced coral concrete is higher than that of ordinary concrete; By modifying the existing creep model, a creep prediction model suitable for coral concrete is established. These experimental results can provide a reference for the design of coral concrete structures in ocean engineering.
Research on structural design and anti-penetration performance of ceramic composite armor
Authors: Zou Youchun , Xiong Chao , Yin Junhui , Deng Huiyong , Cui Kaibo
Published: September 2021

Two types of composite armor were designed (Composite armor I alumina ceramic/Kevlar/616 armored steel; Composite armor II alumina ceramic/616 armored steel/Kevlar). Through penetration tests and numerical simulations, the anti-penetration performance and anti-penetration mechanism of the composite armors were studied, and the influences of material arrangement on its anti-penetration performance were discussed. The results show that the established finite element models can reliably simulate the penetration process of composite armors. The failure modes of Kevlar and 616 armored steel in composite armor I are tensile failure and spalling damage, respectively. The failure mode of Kevlar and 616 armored steel in composite armor II is shear failure. The shear failure of 616 armored steel and Kevlar is a low energy consumption damage mode. Therefore, the structure form of composite armor I can give full play to the anti-penetration performance of the material, and the anti-penetration performance is better than that of composite armor I.
Experimental study on rock mechanics characteristics of clastic reservoir with different stress paths
Authors: Liu Jiageng , Wang Chongzhi , Li Xiaoqian , Chen Zhaoyang , Li Jing , Yang Feng , Wang Hongshan
Published: September 2021

At present, the development of clastic reservoir has become an important way to increase oil and gas productivity in China, and the exploitation of oil and gas will inevitably affect the mechanical properties of rocks. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the rock mechanical properties of clastic reservoir rock. In this paper, the path tests of axial pressure rising-confining pressure rising and axial pressure constant-confining pressure unloading are carried out on the clastic rock samples. The results show that the clastic rock exhibits obvious elastoplastic characteristics under the path of rising confining pressure, but has certain characteristics of elasticity and brittleness under the path of unloading confining pressure; The increase in confining pressure can effectively inhibit the expansion of the rock and increase its bearing capacity; At the same initial confining pressure, the loading failure is less severe than the unloading failure; In the unloading path, the damage of the rock sample during the deformation and failure process is higher; As the confining pressure increases, the degree of rock damage also increases.
Study on Bending Strength of Cementitious Composites Based on Fiber Alignment
Authors: Zhang Ping , Lu Xiao-jun
Published: September 2021

The traditional cement-based composites can’t meet the needs of actual 3D printing, people are committed to get breakthroughs in printing materials and extrusion process. This paper introduces the preparation of fiber-reinforced concrete materials, determining the optimum content of glass fiber in composite cement-based materials, and studying the fiber alignment during extrusion. From the bending strength, the performance of 3D printed fiber concrete materials are comprehensively analyzed. As a result, the bending strength of the sample does increase to the fiber volume ratio. The composite cement-based material with 2 vol.-% aligned fiber can have an excellent flexural strength of 12.05MPa, and the samples along the extrusion direction are more excellent than that along the transverse direction.