bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in run‐off and sediment load in the three parts of the Yellow River basin, in response to climate change and human activities
Authors: Gu Chaojun , Mu Xingmin , Gao Peng , Zhao Guangju , Sun Wenyi
Published: December 2018

Hydrological regimes in the Yellow River have changed significantly because of climate change and intensive human interventions. These changes present severe challenges to water resource utilization and ecological development. Variation of run‐off, suspended sediment load (SSL), and eight precipitation indices (P1: 0–12 mm·day−1, P12: 12–25 mm·day−1, P25: 25–50 mm·day−1, P50: P ≥ 50 mm·day−1 and corresponding rainfall day: Pd1, Pd12, Pd25, Pd50 day year−1) in three critical parts of the Yellow River basin (source region: SRYRB, upper reaches: URYRB, middle reaches: MRYRB) were investigated for the period from 1960 to 2015. The results show that run‐off and SSL significantly decreased (P < 0.01) in the URYRB and the MRYRB, whereas their decline in the SRYRB was insignificant (P > 0.05). Moreover, run‐off in the URYRB had one change point in 1987, and SSL in the URYRB as well as run‐off and SSL in the MRYRB had two change points (in the 1970s and the 1990s). Over the same period, only Pd1 and Pd12 in the SRYRB showed significant increasing trends, and an abrupt change appeared in 1981. The optimal precipitation indices for assessing the effects of precipitation on run‐off and SSL in the URYRB and MRYRB were Pd50 and P12, respectively. A double‐mass curve analysis showed that precipitation and human activities contributed to approximately 20% and 80% of the reduction in run‐off, respectively, for both the SRYRB and the MRYRB. However, the contribution rate of precipitation and human activities on SSL reduction was approximately 40% and 60% in the URYRB and 5% and 95% in the MRYRB, respectively. Human activities, primarily soil and water conservation measures and water extraction (diversion), were the main factors (>50%) that reduced the run‐off. However, the dominant driving factors for SSL reduction were soil and water conservation measures and reservoir interception, for which the contribution rate was higher than 70% in the MRYRB. This work strengthens the understanding of hydrological responses to precipitation change and provides a useful reference for regional water resource utilization.
Genetic variants in SLC22A3 contribute to the susceptibility to colorectal cancer
Authors: Ren Anjing , Sun Shanwen , Li Shuwei , Chen Tao , Shu Yongqian , Du Mulong , Zhu Lingjun
Published: December 2018

Previous a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of colorectal cancer in Japanese population has identified a risk region at the chromosome 6q26‐q27 associated with colorectal cancer risk. However, the causal gene at this locus remained unclear. In our study, we enrolled a total of 14 candidate functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 6q26‐q27 (318 kb), and then genotyped them by TaqMan method in a Chinese population including 1,147 colorectal cancer cases and 1,203 controls. Among that, 5 SNPs were identified statistical association with colorectal cancer risk by logistic regression analysis. Of which, SNP rs420038 G > A in SLC22A3 was related to decreased risk of colorectal cancer (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.67–0.94, p = 0.007), and also associated with lower expression of SLC22A3 (p = 0.040) using expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis. Moreover, by the luciferase assays, we found that compared to the G allele of rs420038, the A allele could suppress the activity of the promoter in SLC22A3. Furthermore, the expression of SLC22A3 was significantly higher in colorectal cancer tissues than that in paired normal tissues (p < 0.001). Meanwhile, the phenotypes of proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle and apoptosis of colorectal cancer cell were significantly affected by SLC22A3 in vitro. Our results revealed a novel susceptible locus, rs420038 in SLC22A3, which may be involved in colorectal cancer development and progression.
The Effect of Organic and Hydraulic Shock Loads on the Production of Soluble Microbial Products in Anaerobic Digesters
Authors: Aquino S. F. , Stuckey D. C.
Published: December 2018

Anaerobic chemostats were used to investigate the effects of organic and hydraulic shock loads on the production of soluble microbial products (SMP). Production of SMP was found to increase during glucose spikes, reaching up 15% of the influent chemical oxygen demand. These SMP appear to be utilization‐associated products produced as a result of the temporarily high organic load, and chemical analysis and ultrafiltration experiments revealed that most of these compounds are difficult to identify and that the majority of them are present in the low molecular weight (MW) range. Production of SMP also increased when the hydraulic retention time was reduced from 15 to 3 days, and an increase in DNA concentration in the bulk solution suggested enhanced cell lysis. Although the cause of lysis was not clear, it is believed that most of the SMP produced under such conditions were biomass‐associated products following cell death. While the majority of these compounds lay in the low MW range, as much as 35% were found to have MWs greater than 1 kDa. During the period when the anaerobic chemostat was fed no alkalinity and the pH remained lower than 6.5 for more than a week, a slightly higher production of SMP and a shift in the MW distribution towards the production of higher MW SMP was observed.
Statistical Distributions of Uncertainty and Variability in Activated Sludge Model Parameters
Authors: Cox Chris D.
Published: December 2018

All models used in activated sludge design and analysis use parameters to characterize process performance. The values of these parameters are often assumed based on default values recommended in the literature, but to date, no quantitative estimates of the parameter uncertainties have been published. Similarly, little attention has been given to quantifying site‐specific parameter variability, even though its occurrence has been observed several times in the literature. In this paper, universal uncertainty distributions of the model parameters from Activated Sludge Model No. 1 are developed from a database of parameter values reported in the literature using Bayesian statistics. Site‐specific distributions of parameter variability were developed using the same techniques. All parameter distributions developed demonstrated that significant uncertainty and variability exist, which could lead to overdesign or plant failure if not considered during the design process.
Anaerobic Process
Authors: Chang Chein‐Chi , Wei Li , Cui Yubo , Schafer Perry , Zhao Wenyu
Published: December 2018

This review covers selected 2013 publications on the focus of Anaerobic Process. It is divided into the following sections:  • Pretreatment  • Organic Waste  • Co‐digestion  • Process Methodology and Technology
Hazardous Waste Treatment Technologies
Authors: Mahmudov Rovshan , Li Minghua , Huang C.P.
Published: December 2018

The article reviews the scientific literature published in 2013 on physical, chemical, and biological treatment of hazardous contaminants and environmental bioremediation.
Photopolymerizable biogel scaffold seeded with mesenchymal stem cells: safety and efficacy evaluation of novel treatment for intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Vaudreuil Nicholas , Henrikson Karl , Pohl Pedro , Lee Andrew , Lin Hang , Olsen Adam , Dong Qing , Dombrowski Malcolm , Kang James , Vo Nam , Lee Joon , Sowa Gwen
Published: December 2018

Tissue engineering approaches to treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) represent a novel avenue of addressing the biologic basis of this disease. However, such approaches remain limited by their invasive nature and disruption to the annular fibrosis (AF). This study sought to explore a new minimally‐invasive tissue‐engineering approach utilizing an injection of a photopolymerizable biogel scaffold seeded with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) directly into the nucleus pulposus (NP). This study was performed using rabbit specimens for both in vivo and in vitro outcome measures. The treatment in this study was performed by injecting 25 μl of 10% (w/v) methacrylated gelatin biogel with 0.15% (w/v) lithium phenyl 2,4,6‐trimethylbenzoylphosphinate (LAP) and rabbit MSCs (1 × 106) cells/ml into the NP. Samples were then photopolymerized in situ using non‐ultraviolet light irradiation via a fiberoptic wire. For the in vitro arm of this study, gene expression analysis demonstrated increased anabolic activity in irradiated MSCs with and without biogel scaffolds. For the in vivo arm of this study, while GAG analysis did not demonstrate significant differences between groups, MRI analysis exhibited a trend toward improved NP matrix. Histological analysis was consistent with increased cellularity and less severe disc degeneration in the MSC + Gel group. However, osteophyte formation was noted in both Stab and MSC + Gel groups after the study period. Increased matrix gene expression of irradiated groups within in vitro studies indicates a photobiologic effect of 405 nm light. Despite promising anabolic actions, osteophyte formation and AF defects could not be avoided with implementation of this minimally‐invasive tissue‐engineering approach. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1451–1459, 2019.
Factors Associated With Use of Nonoral Nutrition and Hydration Support in Adult Patients With Postural Tachycardia Syndrome
Authors: Tseng Andrew S. , Traub Nicole A. , Harris Lucinda A. , Crowell Michael D. , Hoffman‐Snyder Charlene R. , Goodman Brent P. , DiBaise John K.
Published: December 2018

Background

Patients with postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) often have gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Occasionally, these symptoms can be so severe that nonoral nutrition/hydration support (NONHS), including intravenous fluids (IVFs), enteral nutrition (EN), and parenteral nutrition (PN), becomes necessary.

Methods

This is a retrospective cohort study of adult patients diagnosed with POTS at the Mayo Clinic Arizona from January 2010 to January 2017 with a minimum of 6 months of follow up. Demographic information, symptomatology, medications, GI testing, autonomic and autoantibody testing, and healthcare utilization data were abstracted from the electronic medical record.

Results

Three‐hundred thirty‐two patients with POTS were included, of which 32 required NONHS. Patients receiving NONHS were more likely to be female; have lower body mass index; have GI symptoms including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation; have abdominal pain; use opiates; have delayed gastric emptying; see more specialists; and be seen in an emergency room or be hospitalized for symptoms. Of these patients, 21 (66%) required IVF, 19 (59%) required EN, and 9 (28%) required PN. Six (19%) patients required all 3 NONHS modalities at some point during their follow‐up period.

Conclusions

NONHS may be required in a subset of patients with POTS. Those receiving NONHS have more severe symptoms and abnormal GI motility and autonomic testing and exhibit greater healthcare utilization. Management of these patients is complex and challenging and requires a multidisciplinary approach. Further prospective studies are needed to identify optimal management strategies.
A cost‐effectiveness analysis of DIEP vs free MS‐TRAM flap for microsurgical breast reconstruction
Authors: Tan Marcus G. , Isaranuwatchai Wanrudee , DeLyzer Tanya , Butler Kate , Hofer Stefan O. P. , O'Neill Anne C. , Zhong Toni
Published: December 2018

Background and Objectives

The deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap may be associated with less long‐term donor‐site morbidity compared with free muscle‐sparing transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap (MS‐TRAM) flap. However, DIEP flaps may have longer operative time and higher rates of acute postoperative complications. We performed a cost‐effectiveness analysis (CEA) that compared the long‐term costs and patient‐reported outcomes between the two flaps.

Methods

A retrospective cohort of women who received free MS‐TRAM or DIEP flap reconstruction between January 2008 and December 2012, with a minimum of 2‐year follow‐up, were recruited. Cost data of the primary reconstruction and any subsequent hospitalization due to complications from the reconstruction within 2 years were obtained. Each patient received a BREAST‐Q questionnaire at 2 years post‐reconstruction.

Results

In total, 227 patients (180 DIEP, 47 free MS‐TRAM) were included. DIEP patients had significantly fewer abdominal hernia (P = 0.04). The adjusted‐incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios found that DIEP flap was more cost‐effective to free MS‐TRAM flap in the domains of “Physical Well‐Being of the Abdomen” and “Satisfaction with Outcome.”

Conclusions

DIEP flap is the more cost‐effective method of autologous breast reconstruction in the long‐term compared with free MS‐TRAM flap with respect to patient‐reported abdominal well‐being and overall satisfaction with the outcome.
Gobbling chronology of eastern wild turkeys in South Carolina
Authors: Wightman Patrick H. , Kilgo John C. , Vukovich Mark , Cantrell Jay R. , Ruth Charles R. , Cohen Bradley S. , Chamberlain Michael J. , Collier Bret A.
Published: December 2018

Eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) use a polygynous‐promiscuous mating system, wherein males compete for mating opportunities and communicate with females via courtship behaviors. One courtship behavior is vocalization (gobbling), which attracts females and signals dominance to other males. However, temporal variation in gobbling activity may be influenced by external stimuli, environmental variation, and hunter activity. Gobbling activity is a key determinant of hunter satisfaction, and gobbling chronology is often used by state agencies to inform regulatory processes. To identify factors influencing gobbling activity, we evaluated daily gobbling chronology on 3 sites in South Carolina, USA (Webb Wildlife Management Area [WMA] Complex, Savannah River Site, Crackerneck WMA) with different levels of hunter activity. We used autonomous recording units (ARUs; n = 45) across 8,280 days to collect 53,937 hours of ambient sound recordings and identified 68,426 gobbles. Gobbling activity varied daily and site interacting with minutes since sunrise best predicted daily gobbling activity. We noted distinct differences in predicted numbers of gobbles between hunted sites and an unhunted site, suggesting that hunting may be an important determinant of gobbling activity. Across our study sites, we observed that ≥72% of gobbling activity occurred between 30 minutes before and 60 minutes after sunrise. We found no clear evidence of well‐defined unimodal or bimodal peaks in daily or weekly gobbling activity. Across sites, <44% of gobbling activity occurred during legal hunting seasons in South Carolina, with between 30% and 48% of gobbling activity occurring after legal hunting seasons. Because hunter satisfaction is primarily influenced by gobbling activity, wildlife managers in South Carolina may consider adjusting dates of turkey hunting seasons to correspond hunting with periods when most gobbling occurs. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Prognostic impact of initial treatment in surgically salvaged recurrences of early glottic cancer
Authors: Locatello Luca Giovanni , Cannavicci Angelo , Gallo Oreste
Published: December 2018

Objective

The purpose of this study was to analyze the outcomes of surgically salvaged early glottic cancer (EGC) recurrences after initial radiotherapy (RT) or transoral laser microsurgery (TLM).

Methods

A matched pair analysis by recurrent tumor‐node‐metastasis stage (rTNM) considering 27 patients who had TLM as initial treatment and 54 patients who failed after primary RT was performed. Post‐recurrence overall and disease‐specific survival (DSS) were evaluated.

Results

The RT‐failed group showed worse post‐recurrence overall survival (P < .001) and DSS (P = .005) compared to TLM‐first group despite the same rTNM stage. The RT failed patients also showed more postoperative complications (longer mean decannulation time, P = .005; nasogastric feeding tube dependence, P = .012) and a higher rate of second locoregional recurrences (P = .004).

Conclusion

The RT‐failed EGC showed worse outcomes in terms of survival, complications, and locoregional recurrences compared to same recurrent TNM stage TLM‐failed cases.

Level of Evidence

3

Laryngoscope, 129:2328–2333, 2019
Use of Suspended Plastic Conduit Arrays during Brown Trout and Rainbow Trout Rearing in Circular Tanks
Authors: White Sarah C , Krebs Eric , Huysman Nathan , Voorhees Jill M , Barnes Michael E
Published: December 2018

Environmental enrichment is the modification of otherwise sterile hatchery rearing units to provide structural complexity. We investigated the use of an array of suspended plastic conduit sections as enrichment in large circular tanks during two experiments. Brown Trout Salmo trutta and Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were reared for 126 and 61 d, respectively, in covered, 3.63-m-diameter circular tanks that were either void of any structure or enriched with a suspended array of twenty 0.94-m-long sections of plastic conduit. Total tank weight gain and feed conversion ratio were significantly improved for both Brown Trout and Rainbow Trout reared with suspended conduit as enrichment compared to unenriched tanks. Enrichment did not significantly affect individual fish length, weight, or condition factor in either experiment, likely because of small sample sizes. The suspended array did not interfere with tank hydraulic self-cleaning. Based on the results of this study, the use of vertically suspended enrichment structures in circular tanks is recommended to improve trout rearing efficiencies.
Poly(lactic acid)/coplasticized thermoplastic starch blend: Effect of plasticizer migration on rheological and mechanical properties
Authors: Esmaeili Mohsen , Pircheraghi Gholamreza , Bagheri Reza , Altstädt Volker
Published: December 2018

Polylactic acid (PLA) and thermoplastic starch (TPS) are known as bio‐based and biodegradable thermoplastic polymers that can be used in different applications owing to their inherent physical and mechanical properties. In order to reduce the higher costs of PLA and tuning its physical and mechanical properties suitable for short life packaging applications, blending of PLA with the TPS, more economical biodegradable polymer, has been considered in academic and industrial researches. However, melt blending of PLA with TPS without compatibilization process caused some drawbacks such as coarsening morphology and declining mechanical properties and ductility because of thermodynamic immiscibility, which may restrict its usage in packaging applications. Subsequently, our approach in this research is compatibilization of PLA/TPS blends by utilization of primary well tuning of TPS formulation with a combination of sorbitol and glycerol plasticizers. In this work, the wide composition range of melt mixed PLA/TPS blends was prepared using a laboratory twin screw extruder. The effects of microstructure on the rheological and mechanical properties of PLA/TPS blends were studied using different methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, contact angle, oscillatory shear rheological measurements, and tensile and impact strength mechanical tests. The rheological and mechanical properties were interpreted according to the morphological features and considering the possibility of plasticizer migration from TPS to PLA phase during melt blending. Reduction in complex viscosity and storage modulus of PLA matrix samples indicates the improved melt processability of blends. Finally, in comparison with mechanical results reported in literature, our simple approach yielded the blends with elastic modulus and ductility comparable with those of chemically compatibilized PLA/TPS blends.
Entrainment memories: What does stable mean?
Authors: Gödel Manfred
Published: December 2018

Diurnal environmental factors (zeitgebers) set the circadian clock in an antagonistic way: The body clock is tuned forward in the morning, while the same factor late in the day puts the body clock back to a later time‐point: Morning light, for example, reduces the clock‐effective light‐reception (zeitnehmer2) by shifting the expression of the circadian, light‐processing, molecular machinery more into the late, light‐less night. Evening light does the same by a backward‐shift, respectively. The balance between these daily back and forth adaptations results in a synchronization of the organismic timing with its environment. Those traditional models are challenged in this study. Using Neurospora as a model, I will explore how the entrainment process follows diverging trajectories depending on zeitgeber structure and strength, and the kind of transition between different entraining situations. The diverging routes of entrainment, systematically becoming earlier and earlier or later and later until eventually settling in distinct entrained phases, point out the existence of a long‐range “memory” component. The view of entrainment as a non‐acute reaction is very well confirmed in feedback loops, limit cycles, phase‐response curves, and so forth. However, the presented findings enhance an extension of those concepts: The processing of zeitgebers by oscillating zeitnehmer modules resulting in a certain temporal inner structuring is not fully established within one repetition along a unique reaction norm. I hypothesize that the long‐range, multi‐cycle component in entraining requires a third parameter of description additional to current internal phase and zeitgeber condition, which originates from the differential of the two or more consecutive periodic situations. I hypothesize that this differential is represented by a gradient of Gibbs free energy of the entrainment pathways. Low points of free energy identify stable phases of entrainment. The fundamentality of Gibbs energy puts entrainment up for discussion not only as a timer but as an important kind of homeostasis.
The effect of phosphate ion on the ssDNA binding mode of MoSub1, a Sub1/PC4 homolog from rice blast fungus
Authors: Zhao Yanxiang , Zhang Yikan , Huang Jinguang , Wang Shanshan , Yi Long , Zhang Xin , Xu Min , Fang Xianyang , Liu Junfeng
Published: December 2018

MoSub1 is an ortholog of yeast single stranded DNA binding protein Sub1 or human PC4 from rice blast fungus. All of them share a similar DNA binding region and may have similar biological roles. The well‐studied Sub1/PC4 has been reported to play multiple roles in DNA metabolic processes, such as transcription and DNA repair and their DNA binding capacity is significantly affected by phosphorylation. Here, we determined the crystal structure of MoSub1 complexed with ssDNA in a phosphate solution. The crystal structure of the MoSub1–ssDNA complex was solved to a resolution of 2.04 Å. A phosphate ion at the interface of the protein–DNA interaction of the complex bridged the lys84 of the protein and two nucleotides. The DNA was bound in novel mode (L mode) in the MoSub1 complex in the presence of phosphate ions, while DNA bound in the straight mode in the absence of the phosphate ion and in U mode in the same binding motif of the PC4–ssDNA complex. The crystal structure of the complex and a small‐angle X‐ray scattering analysis revealed that the phosphate ion at the protein–DNA interface affected the DNA binding mode of MoSub1 to oligo‐DNA and provided a new structural clue for studying its functions.
Interface Properties of GaP/Si Heterojunction Fabricated by PE‐ALD
Authors: Gudovskikh Alexander S. , Uvarov Alexander V. , Morozov Ivan A. , Baranov Artem I. , Kudryashov Dmitry A. , Zelentsov Kirill S. , Jaffré Alexandre , Le Gall Sylvain , Darga Arouna , Brezard‐Oudot Aurore , Kleider Jean‐Paul
Published: December 2018

The properties of n‐GaP/p‐Si interface as well as their influence on solar cell performance are studied for GaP layers grown by low‐temperature (380 °C) plasma‐enhanced atomic layer deposition (PE‐ALD). The influence of different plasma treatments and RF power values are explored. The increase of RF power leads to a growth transition from amorphous (a‐GaP) to microcrystalline GaP (μc‐GaP) with either amorphous‐GaP/Si or epitaxial‐GaP/Si interface, respectively. However, when continuous hydrogen plasma is used the amorphous‐GaP/Si interface exhibits better photovoltaic performance compared to the epitaxial one. Values of open circuit voltage, Voc = 0.45–0.55 V and internal quantum efficiencies, IQE > 0.9 are obtained for amorphous‐GaP/Si interfaces compared to Voc = 0.25–0.35 V and IQE < 0.45 for epitaxial‐GaP/Si interfaces. According to admittance spectroscopy and TEM studies the near‐surface (30–50 nm) area of the Si substrate is damaged during growth with high RF power of hydrogen plasma. A hole trap at the level of EV + (0.33 ± 0.02) eV is detected by admittance spectroscopy in this damaged Si area. The damage of Si is not observed by TEM when the deposition of the structures with epitaxial‐GaP/Si interface is realized by a modified process without hydrogen plasma indicating that the damage of the near‐surface area of Si is related to hydrogen plasma interaction.
Ion‐Implant Isolated Vertical GaN p‐n Diodes Fabricated with Epitaxial Lift‐Off From GaN Substrates
Authors: Wang Jingshan , McCarthy Robert , Youtsey Chris , Reddy Rekha , Xie Jinqiao , Beam Edward , Guido Louis , Cao Lina , Fay Patrick
Published: December 2018

Ion‐implant isolated vertical GaN p‐n junction diodes fabricated with epitaxial lift‐off (ELO) from GaN substrates are demonstrated. For the ELO process, a band‐gap selective photoelectrochemical (PEC) wet etch with a pseudomorphic InGaN release layer is utilized. Compared with devices isolated using mesa etching, the ion‐implant isolated devices exhibit more ideal forward current–voltage characteristics and lower leakage currents. Devices are also compared with and without ELO processing. Devices measured after ELO processing and mounting to metallized carrier substrates show similar electrical performance to GaN‐on‐GaN control samples without ELO processing. No indication of material quality degradation is found on the ELO devices. The ELO devices exhibit turn‐on voltages of 3.15 V (at a current density of 100 A cm−2), with specific on resistance (Ron) of 0.52 mΩ cm2 at 4.8 V and breakdown voltage (Vbr) approximately of 750 V.
Lead your department to reach high‐performance levels by following Blue Angel's leadership strategies
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: December 2018

WASHINGTON, D.C. — Greg Wooldridge, former commanding officer with the U.S. Navy Blue Angels, will never forget his first time stepping up to the crowd line to sign autographs for the kids as they watched in awe.
One‐Pot Multicomponent Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]pyrazines in Water Catalyzed by Fe3O4@SiO2‐OSO3H
Authors: Rostami Hedieh , Shiri Lotfi
Published: December 2018

An effective and green one‐pot multicomponent reaction for the synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2‐a]pyrazine derivatives by Fe3O4@SiO2‐OSO3H as a reusable magnetic nanocatalyst has been reported. Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]pyrazine derivatives are achieved reaction among ethylenediamine, dialkylacetylenedicarboxylates and β‐nitrostyrene derivatives in water as a green solvent with high to excellent yields. This catalyst was characterized by FT‐IR, SEM (scanning electron microscopy), EDX (energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy), VSM (vibrating sample magnetometry) and XRD (X‐ray diffraction) techniques.
Cobalt‐Zinc‐Diimine Multicatalysis: Enhanced syn Diastereoselectivity in the Reductive Multicomponent Coupling of Aryl Bromides, Acrylates and Aldehydes
Authors: Paul Jérôme , Xavier Tania , Presset Marc , Le Gall Erwan , Léonel Eric , Pichon Christophe , Condon Sylvie
Published: December 2018

A cobalt‐zinc‐diimine multicatalytic system for the syn‐diastereoselective multicomponent assembly of aromatic bromides, acrylates and aromatic aldehydes under reductive conditions is described. In the presence of catalytic CoBr2phen and the ZnBr2N,N′‐diphenyl cyclohexyldiimine complex, β‐hydroxyesters are obtained with a significant up to 8:1 syn diastereoselectivity whereas reactions conducted without L2‐1 show negligible stereoselectivity. This preliminary study should open the way to further improvements including enantioselective catalysis of the reaction.
The parallel agile process: Applying parallel processing techniques to software engineering
Authors: Rosenberg Doug , Boehm Barry W. , Wang Bo , Qi Kan
Published: December 2018

For the last 4 years, we have been experimenting with the parallel agile (PA) approach. PA achieves significant schedule compression by leveraging parallelism; large teams of developers can independently and concurrently develop scenarios from initial concept through code.

This paper summarizes our experience in defining and evolving PA by applying it to four representative emergent‐technology applications: location‐based advertising, picture sharing, bad driver reporting, and a VR/AR game project. In comparison with the mainstream architected agile process that we had been using on similar systems, the PA process has consistently achieved significant speedups in system development while simultaneously reducing defects.

PA uses storyboards and prototypes to define both sunny‐day and rainy‐day scenarios, defines requirements for each use case, and decomposes each use case into a conceptual model‐view‐controller (MVC) pattern. PA also uses code generation from UML models to rapidly construct a domain‐driven microservice architecture at the inception of a project. This microservice architecture is then used to enable prototype code to interact with a live database during requirements definition. PA then uses automatic test case generation from the same UML model.

The paper summarizes the overall challenge of software schedule compression, identifies managed parallel development as generally the most powerful but least‐practiced strategy for schedule compression, and summarizes the key elements required to support parallelism. It then summarizes the key techniques for scaling up PA, using a previous million‐line command and control project as an example.

We have used MS‐degree graduate student projects to gather productivity data because the university environment has afforded us the opportunity to explore massively parallel development over an extended time period. We are now working with a large company to modernize their main legacy system using the PA methods. The prospective looks good as many of the techniques used (eg, domain models, use case analysis, and MVC decomposition) have been proven to be effective in industry on a wide range of projects for multiple decades. The new techniques (eg, executable domain models, and visual modeling of sprint plans) should also serve to make integration and project management work better on large development efforts.
Pitfall traps: A review of methods for estimating arthropod abundance
Authors: Hohbein Rhianna R. , Conway Courtney J.
Published: December 2018

Pitfall traps are commonly used in diet studies for insectivorous and omnivorous wildlife. Pitfall trap methodologies and designs vary considerably among studies and investigators. Such variation and lack of standardization limits scientists’ abilities to compare their results with others. We conducted a literature review to identify the most common methods used by past investigators who placed pitfall traps for the purpose of quantifying indices of arthropod abundances, and used this information to guide our proposal for standardized pitfall trapping methods. We documented the pitfall‐trap methods of 257 studies published between January 1994 and March 2016 in 107 scientific journals. Pitfall‐trap methods varied greatly across the time period. We found only minor differences in the pitfall‐trap methods most commonly used in different vegetation communities (e.g., preservative was used less frequently for pitfall trap studies in grasslands). Studies published in wildlife journals tended to use pitfall traps of larger diameters than studies published in other disciplines; these studies also had worse rates of methodological reporting than those in entomology journals. We did not detect a decline in negligent reporting over time; ≥1 key methodological detail was missing from >50% of studies regardless of the decade published. Published 2018. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
The Material Manifestations of Regional Culture
Authors: Naquin Susan
Published: December 2018

This essay explores the non-luxury materialities through which most people experienced the world, argues for the possibilities of a geographically based view of Ming and Qing material history, and demonstrates some methods for approaching hard-to-find sources. It is my contention that not only will learning about and paying attention to such regional materialities open up new areas of research, but historians will also become better equipped to assess what we think we know about “China.” Here, I will concentrate on the geologically homogeneous region of the Greater North China Plain and focus on temple buildings, ritual vessels, and images of gods.
Evidence that abrasion can govern snow kinetic friction
Authors: LEVER JAMES H. , TAYLOR SUSAN , HOCH GARRETT R. , DAGHLIAN CHARLES
Published: December 2018

The long-accepted theory to explain why snow is slippery postulates self-lubrication: frictional heat from sliding melts and thereby lubricates the contacting snow grains. We recently published micro-scale interface observations that contradicted this explanation: contacting snow grains abraded and did not melt under a polyethylene slider, despite low friction values. Here we provide additional observational and theoretical evidence that abrasion can govern snow kinetic friction. We obtained coordinated infrared, visible-light and scanning-electron micrographs that confirm that the evolving shapes observed during our tribometer tests are contacting snow grains polished by abrasion, and that the wear particles can sinter together and fill the adjacent pore spaces. Furthermore, dry-contact abrasive wear reasonably predicts the evolution of snow-slider contact area, and sliding-heat-source theory confirms that contact temperatures would not reach 0°C during our tribometer tests. Importantly, published measurements of interface temperatures also indicate that melting did not occur during field tests on sleds and skis. Although prevailing theory anticipates a transition from dry to lubricated contact along a slider, we suggest that dry-contact abrasion and heat flow can prevent this transition from occurring for snow-friction scenarios of practical interest.
Neogene Pectinidae (Bivalvia) of tribe Chlamydini Teppner, 1922 in Patagonia (Argentina):ZygochlamysIhering, 1907 and three new genera
Authors: Santelli María B. , del Río Claudia J.
Published: December 2018

ZygochlamysIhering, 1907 is revised and three new genera of tribe Chlamydini are named: the monospecific early Miocene generaPixiechlamysnew genus (type species:Pecten quemadensisIhering, 1897) andChokekenian. gen. (type species:Zygochlamys nicolasiMorra, 1985), and the late Miocene–early PlioceneMoirechlamysn. gen., containingPecten actinodesSowerby, 1846 (type species) andChlamys auroraeFeruglio, 1954.Zygochlamysis restricted to includeZ. geminata(Sowerby, 1846) (type species),Z. jorgensisIhering, 1907, andZ. sebastianiMorra, 1985. The present analysis increases the biostratigraphic usefulness of the group and improves taxonomic knowledge of the Neogene molluscan assemblages defined previously for Patagonia.Zygochlamys geminatais confined to the latest Oligocene–early Miocene interval of the Austral Basin of Patagonia (Argentina) and to the early Miocene of Chile,Z. jorgensisis restricted to the early to middle Miocene of the Golfo San Jorge and northern Austral Basins, andMoirechlamysn. gen., the most widespread genus, occurs in the late Miocene–early Pliocene of the Austral, Golfo San Jorge, Valdés, and Colorado basins. All these genera are endemic to southern South America;Zygochlamysis not related to other circumpolar genera such asAustrochlamysJonkers, 2003 orPsychrochlamysJonkers, 2003, rejecting its dispersal in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, as has been proposed previously.

UUID:http://zoobank.org/55d7ea85-5ec5-477a-9ede-5d3d795b75b5
The Loyalty Structure of Sparkling Wine Brands in Italy
Authors: Rossetto Luca , Gastaldello Giulia
Published: December 2018

This article analyzes consumer loyalty in the Italian market for Prosecco sparkling wines. In particular, we examine the relationship among wine appellation, price, and consumer loyalty. To that effect, we run a Dirichlet model on Nielsen scan data to estimate brand performance measures and study purchase patterns in the sparkling wine market. We find that Prosecco wines benefit from high-consumer loyalty, and that this loyalty can be explained by both the appeal of the Prosecco appellation and its upper-tier price point. We conclude that promotion strategies with deep discounts, as they affect the appellation's image, might hurt consumer loyalty in the long run. (JEL Classifications: D12, L11, L66, M31)
Cognitive and affective theory of mind in Korsakoff’s syndrome
Authors: Drost Rolinda , Postma Albert , Oudman Erik
Published: December 2018

Objective

Korsakoff’s syndrome (KS) is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder characterised by severe anterograde amnesia and executive deficits. Theory of Mind (ToM) is the capacity to represent others’ mental states such as their knowledge, thoughts, feelings, beliefs, and intentions in order to explain and predict their behaviour. Surprisingly this topic has received hardly any attention in research on KS, although the severity of behavioural problems in KS suggest possible ToM difficulties. The aim of the present study was therefore to assess whether cognitive and affective ToM are impaired in patients with KS.

Methods

We examined 21 KS patients and 21 age- and gender-matched healthy controls on three standardised tests that assess cognitive and affective ToM, including the subtests of the mini-Social Cognition and Emotional Assessment battery and a specialised version of the Sally–Anne Test.

Results

KS patients showed largely impaired cognitive and affective ToM compared to healthy controls, as reflected in large effect sizes on both cognitive and affective ToM tests. Executive deficits explained problems in emotion recognition, but not other ToM aspects.

Conclusion

KS patients have large impairments in both cognitive and affective aspects of social cognition. Their ability to recognise emotions, take the perspective of others, and understand socially awkward situations is vastly compromised. The impairments in ToM functioning are to a large degree functionally discrepant from executive disorders that are commonly present in KS. This study therefore highlights the importance to properly index ToM functioning in neuropsychological assessments for individuals with a possible KS diagnosis.
Phanerozoic accretionary history of Japan and the western Pacific margin
Authors: Wakita Koji , Nakagawa Takanori , Sakata Masahiro , Tanaka Natsuki , Oyama Nozomu
Published: December 2018

It is generally accepted that oceanic plate subduction has occurred along the eastern margin of Asia since about 500 Ma ago. Therefore, the Japanese Islands have a >500 Ma history of oceanic plate subduction in their geological records. In this paper, the accretionary history of the Japanese Islands is divided into six main stages based on the mode and nature of tectonic events and the temporal gaps in the development of accretionary processes. In the first stage, oceanic plate subduction and accretion started along the margin of Gondwana. After detachment of the North and South China blocks in Devonian time, accretionary complexes developed along island arcs offshore of the South and North China blocks. After the formation of back arc basins such as the Japan Sea, accretionary processes occurred only along the limited convergent margin, e.g. Nankai Trough. Detrital zircons of sandstones revealed the accretionary history of Japan. An evaluation of a comprehensive dataset on detrital zircon populations shows that the observed temporal gaps in the development of the Japanese accretionary complexes were closely related to the intensity of igneous activity in their provenance regions. Age distributions of detrital zircons in the accretionary complexes of Japan change before and after the Middle Triassic period, when the collision of the South and North China blocks occurred.
Pachomius Outside the Shadow of theVita Antonii
Authors: Farag Mary K.
Published: December 2018

The earliest prologue to theLife of Pachomiusconstructs the apostle Paul as an exemplary father and argues that Pachomius conforms to such a Pauline model. Prologues composed later make no such comparison but cite Antony as the model ascetic before turning to the narration of Pachomius’s life. This paper follows the Pauline thread of the earliest prologue by examining the use of the figure Paul and Pauline literature in the survivingVitae. I argue that certain narratives cast Pachomius’s legacy after a Pauline prototype. Paul’s ascent to paradise in 2 Corinthians 12 and Paul’s survey of torments in theApocalypse of Paulare rewritten in some of the Coptic and ArabicVitaeas episodes in Pachomius’s life. This use of Paul as a prototype for ascetic hagiography creates a vision of ascetic holiness incompatible with that constructed in theLife of Antony. Other narratives in thePachomian Vitae,however, construct Pachomius after an Antonian prototype and reflect ascetic ideals promoted in theLife of Antony. The paper closes with reflections on possible historical circumstances for the shift from a Pauline model of asceticism to an Antonian one in the composition ofPachomian Vitae.
Taxonomic remarks onHavelockiaandThyone(Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida), with descriptions of two new species from the Brazilian coast
Authors: Martins Luciana , Souto Camilla
Published: December 2018

ThyoneandHavelockiaare worldwide-distributed genera represented in the Western Atlantic by eight and three species, respectively. In this paper, we describe two new shallow-water species from the Brazilian coast:Thyone waltinhoisp. nov. andHavelockia oraneaesp. nov. These genera are very similar morphologically but the presence of subdivisions in their calcareous rings separates them into different families,Thyonein Phyllophoridae andHavelockiain Sclerodactylidae. To observe the presence of subdivisions, we submerged the calcareous rings in an iodine solution prior to morphological analyses.Thyone waltinhoisp. nov. differs from its Western Atlantic congeners in its dermal ossicles andHavelockia oraneaesp. nov. differs from its South-western Atlantic congeners in the composition of its introvert ossicles. In addition to species descriptions, illustrations and morphological diagnoses of both genera are provided, along with a synoptic table of their Western Atlantic species, and a discussion of the taxonomic significance of the dermal ossicles and the calcareous ring.
Gut microbiota and health: connecting actors across the metabolic system
Authors: Fava F. , Rizzetto L. , Tuohy K. M.
Published: December 2018

Overweight-related metabolic diseases are an important threat to health in the Western world. Dietary habits are one of the main causative factors for metabolic syndrome, CVD and type 2 diabetes. The human gut microbiota is emerging as an important player in the interaction between diet and metabolic health. Gut microbial communities contribute to human metabolism through fermentation of dietary fibre and the result of intestinal saccharolytic fermentation is production of SCFA. Acetate, propionate and butyrate positively influence satiety, endocrine system, glucose homeostasis, adipogenesis, lipid oxidation, thermoregulation, hepatic gluconeogenesis, endothelial function and gut barrier integrity, and these mechanisms have all been linked to protection from type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular health. The gut microbiota is also involved in bile acid metabolism and regulating their cell signalling potential, which has also been shown to modify pathways involved in metabolic health. Similarly, the gut microbiota renders recalcitrant plant polyphenols into biologically active small phenolic compounds which then act systemically to reduce metabolic disease risk. This review summarises how dietary patterns, specific foods and a healthy lifestyle may modulate metabolic health through the gut microbiota and their molecular cross-talk with the host.
One-year parasitological screening of stray dogs and cats in County Dublin, Ireland
Authors: Garcia-Campos A. , Power C. , O'Shaughnessy J. , Browne C. , Lawlor A. , McCarthy G. , O'Neill E. J. , de Waal T.
Published: December 2018

To date, there are no recent studies identifying the prevalence of parasites of human and veterinary importance in dogs and cats in Ireland. The interaction between pets and wildlife species in the environment is an important source of parasite exposure to canids and felines, and one likely to be heightened in the stray animal population. This study aimed to establish the prevalence of endoparasites in unowned dogs and cats in County Dublin, Ireland. Feces from stray dogs (n= 627) and cats (n= 289) entering a rehoming centre were collected immediately after defecation. The main parasitic agents detected were ascarids (15.52 and 30.26%),Cystoisospora(3.27 and 3.69%),Giardiaspp. (6.02 and 1.84%) and lungworms (0.64 and 2.08%), in dogs and cats respectively. Animals younger than 3 months of age were more likely to be infected with ascarids (P< 0.001) andCystoisosporaspp. (P= 0.008 andP= 0.014) than older animals. All lungworms were morphologically identified and dogs were infected withAngiostrongylus vasorum(0.48%) andCrenosoma vulpis(0.16%) whereas cats were only infected withAelurostrongylus abstrusus(2.08%). This represents the first prevalence study of stray animals in Ireland. Data collected will inform the treatment and in addition, the future monitoring and control studies of parasite populations.
Dog hepatocytes are key effector cells in the liver innate immune response toLeishmania infantum
Authors: Rodrigues A. , Alexandre-Pires G. , Valério-Bolas A. , Santos-Mateus D. , Rafael-Fernandes M. , Pereira M. A. , Ligeiro D. , Nunes T. , Alves-Azevedo R. , Lopes-Ventura S. , Santos M. , Tomás A. M. , Pereira da Fonseca I. , Santos-Gomes G.
Published: December 2018

Hepatocytes constitute the majority of hepatic cells, and play a key role in controlling systemic innate immunity,viapattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) and by synthesizing complement and acute phase proteins.Leishmania infantum, a protozoan parasite that causes human and canine leishmaniasis, infects liver by establishing inside the Kupffer cells. The current study proposes the elucidation of the immune response generated by dog hepatocytes when exposed toL. infantum. Additionally, the impact of adding leishmanicidal compound, meglumine antimoniate (MgA), to parasite-exposed hepatocytes was also addressed.L. infantumpresents a high tropism to hepatocytes, establishing strong membrane interactions. The possibility ofL. infantuminternalization by hepatocytes was raised, but not confirmed. Hepatocytes were able to recognize parasite presence, inducing PRRs [nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)1, NOD2 and Toll-like receptor (TLR)2] gene expression and generating a mix pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine response. Reduction of cytochrome P 450s enzyme activity was also observed concomitant with the inflammatory response. Addition of MgA increased NOD2, TLR4 and interleukin 10 gene expression, indicating an immunomodulatory role for MgA. Hepatocytes seem to have a major role in coordinating liver's innate immune response againstL. infantuminfection, activating inflammatory mechanisms, but always balancing the inflammatory response in order to avoid cell damage.