bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Response of a Tropical Cyclone Vortex to Prescribed Eyewall Heating with and without Surface Friction in TCM4: Implications for Tropical Cyclone Intensification
Authors: Heng Junyao , Wang Yuqing
Published: December 2015

The recent debate on whether surface friction contributes positively or negatively to tropical cyclone (TC) intensification has been clarified based on two idealized numerical experiments, one without and the other with surface friction, using the fully compressible, nonhydrostatic TC model, version 4 (TCM4), with prescribed eyewall heating. The results show that with surface friction included, the intensification rate of the TC vortex is largely reduced, indicating that surface friction contributes negatively to TC intensification. Results from tangential wind budgets demonstrate that although surface friction largely enhances the boundary layer inflow and the contraction of the radius of maximum wind (RMW), the positive tangential wind tendency resulting from the frictionally induced inward absolute angular momentum (AAM) transport in the boundary layer is not large enough to offset the negative tendency due to the direct frictional loss of AAM to the surface. Results from the Sawyer–Eliassen equation suggest that the balanced response to eyewall heating is the major mechanism for TC intensification and the unbalanced dynamics due to the presence of surface friction seem to spin up tangential wind in the surface layer near the RMW where the flow is strongly subgradient and spin down tangential wind immediately above where the flow is strongly supergradient. Although surface friction shows an overall net negative effect on TC intensification, it plays a critical role in producing the realistic boundary layer structure with enhanced inflow, a low-level jet in tangential wind with supergradient nature, and a shallow outflow layer at the top of the inflow boundary layer.
Social Risk Screening for Pediatric Inpatients
Authors: Pai Nikhil , Kandasamy Sharmilaa , Uleryk Elizabeth , Maguire Jonathon L.
Published: December 2015

This systematic review aims to identify existing social risk screening instruments applicable to hospitalized children (primary) and evaluate their content validity and methodological quality (secondary). Individual questions were abstracted and sorted by social risk theme. Content validity was evaluated by 13 hospital-based social workers. Methodological quality was assessed using the 108-item Consensus Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist. A total of 1070 citations were evaluated and 146 articles were reviewed, which identified 44 unique instruments. No instrument was applicable to social risk in hospitalized children. Sixty-one percent of instruments focused on a single social risk theme and only 18% of instruments covered more than 5 themes. The 2 instruments with the highest combination of social worker endorsement and COSMIN scores each addressed only 1 social risk theme relevant to hospitalized children. A broad, content valid and methodologically strong social risk screening instrument for hospitalized children was not identified.
Revisiting Environmental Citizenship
Authors: Takahashi Bruno , Tandoc Edson C. , Duan Ran , Van Witsen Anthony
Published: December 2015

This study proposes, from a cross-national perspective, a model of environmental citizenship that includes predictors at the individual and contextual levels. The model is based on multiple theoretical considerations from environmental sociology, media studies, and economics. The study, based on secondary data, reports that at the individual level, media use, environmental concern, and postmaterialism positively predict environmental citizenship. However, the data also allow to test whether the effects of these variables vary depending on social and environmental contexts. Beyond the individual level, results show that, overall, the effect of environmental concern is stronger in countries with better environment quality. The results also show that economic development at the country level positively explains a stronger effect of postmaterialism on environmental citizenship than in less developed countries. The study shows that environmental citizenship is stronger in countries with lower levels of environment quality, and in countries with less developed media systems.
The Waiter’s Weight
Authors: Döring Tim , Wansink Brian
Published: December 2015

Does the weight of a server have an influence on how much food diners order in the high-involvement environment of a restaurant? If people are paying for a full meal, this has implications for consumers, restaurants, and public health. To investigate this, 497 interactions between diners and servers were observed in 60 different full-service restaurants. Diners ordered significantly more items when served by heavy wait staff with high body mass indexes (BMI; p < .001) compared with wait staff with low body mass indexes. Specifically, they were four times as likely to order desserts ( p < .01), and they ordered 17.65% more alcoholic drinks ( p < .01). These findings provide valuable evidence in recent lawsuits against weight discrimination, and it suggests to consumers who decide what they will and will not order at a restaurant—such as a salad appetizer, no dessert, and one drink—than to decide when the waiter arrives.
Initial teacher training to promote health and well-being in schools – A systematic review of effectiveness, barriers and facilitators
Authors: Shepherd Jonathan , Pickett Karen , Dewhirst Sue , Byrne Jenny , Speller Viv , Grace Marcus , Almond Palo , Roderick Paul
Published: December 2015

Objectives:

To conduct a systematic review of effectiveness, and barriers and facilitators, of initial teacher training to promote health and well-being in schools.

Design:

Systematic review of the literature.

Method:

A total of 20 bibliographic databases were searched, including MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Social Science Citation Index. Studies were included if they reported research into the processes and/or outcomes of initial (pre-service) teacher training to promote health.

Results:

A total of 20 studies met the inclusion criteria, mainly from the UK and Australia. Twelve studies assessed outcomes, commonly using uncontrolled before and after assessment designs. Sixteen studies evaluated the processes of training. Training was diverse in terms of content, format and health topics. The studies demonstrated short-term increases in trainee teachers’ factual knowledge of health issues, a general increase in teachers’ confidence to teach about health and to identify and help children with specific health issues. There was an increase in teachers’ positive beliefs about their role in promoting children’s health. None of the studies assessed changes in pupil outcomes. The training was generally considered acceptable and adequate by trainee teachers. However, some of the trainees felt that they still lacked knowledge and confidence to address sensitive health issues on entering teaching practice.

Conclusion:

This systematic review identified some evidence for the effectiveness of teacher training for health and highlighted factors which facilitate and inhibit effective training. Further evaluation, using controlled trial designs with long-term follow-up of teacher and pupil outcomes, may enable teachers to effectively address the health and education needs of school pupils.
Measuring basic electrical quantities on the model of distribution line
Authors: Ciric Rade , Skoko Sasa , Cvijanovic Savo , Bjeletic Nebojsa
Published: December 2015

In this paper, a practical laboratory exercise performed at the Laboratory for Electrical Engineering in the Higher Education Technical School of Professional Studies in Novi Sad, as an integral part of the subject Practicum is presented. The aim of the exercise is to introduce students to the phenomena of transfer of complex power along the distribution line, voltage drop, power losses, types of consumption, but also the methodology for the measurement and calculation of basic electrical quantities on the distribution line. The test network is a single-phase model of the three-phase low-voltage cable line. As a part of the exercise, measurements of voltage, current, active and reactive power and power factor are performed. The exercise analyzes the impact of X/R of the line and the type of consumption (resistive, resistive-inductive, resistive-capacitive, and motor) on the basic power system quantities.
African Transnationalism in China: At the Interface of Local, Transnational, Bilateral and Multilateral Responses
Authors: Bischoff Paul-Henri
Published: December 2015

The growing presence of a diversifying group of Africans in China raises broader issues of their status and permanence. The politics associated with African transnationalism in China are evident in Chinese and African government responses and the transnational African voice. This article looks at facets of an African transnational presence and some key responses at a local, international and transnational level to suggest an evolving state of Sino-African relations in which African multilateralism and the transnational African actor play a greater part.
An experimental and micrographical investigation on aluminum nano metal matrix composites
Authors: Sita Rama Raju K , Rama Murthy Raju P , Rajesh S , Raju V Ramachandra , Ghosal Partha
Published: December 2015

In the present investigation, a comparative study using X-ray mapping analysis and Field emission gun scanning electron micrographs is performed to understand the distribution and the mechanical properties of aluminum nano metal matrix composites. Parameters considered for comparison have two different forms for adding nanoreinforcement into metal melt. One form is produced by the addition of mechanically alloyed powders with an increasing launching vehicle weight percentage (L-1, L-3 and L-5), and the other form is produced by pellets of mechanically alloyed powders (PL-1). Micrographs reveal uniform distribution of nanoreinforcements, while X-ray mapping observations show Iron (Fe) contamination due to the addition of pellets in some areas unlike the mechanically alloyed powders. L-5 is observed to attain the highest tensile strength of 202 MPa for the Al-Cu/1.5 wt. % Al2O3 composite. The results illustrate an increase in composites strength with increase in launching vehicle content but on the expense of nanoreinforcement particle rejection from the melt.
Mapping Interstate Territorial Conflict
Authors: Schultz Kenneth A.
Published: December 2015

This article describes a new data set consisting of precise digital maps of regions that were the subject of interstate territorial disputes in the period 1947 to 2000. Each dispute identified by Huth and Allee is rendered as a polygon corresponding to the area subject to overlapping claims. After describing the data collection procedures and presenting some descriptive statistics, this article develops three novel results that demonstrate the potential of geospatial data to advance our understanding of the causes and consequences of territorial conflict. In particular, I use the data to (1) show how different measurements of the geographic extent of disputes can help unpack the mechanisms through which they dampen international trade, (2) cast doubt on the role of oil deposits in fueling territorial conflict by analyzing the relationship at a finer level of spatial resolution than previously possible, and (3) examine the harmful legacy of territorial conflict on local development in formerly contested regions along the El Salvador-Honduras border.
Cultural Variations in the Relationship Between Anger Coping Styles, Depression, and Life Satisfaction
Authors: Smith Peter B. , Easterbrook Matthew J. , Celikkol Göksu Cagil , Chen Sylvia Xiaohua , Ping Hu , Rizwan Muhammad
Published: December 2015

Hypotheses are tested that ways of handling anger and their consequences will differ in student samples drawn from dignity cultures (United Kingdom and Finland), honor cultures (Turkey and Pakistan), and face cultures (Hong Kong and China). In line with our hypotheses, holding anger in and controlling anger correlate positively in face cultures but not in other samples, whereas holding anger in and letting anger out correlate positively in honor cultures but not in other samples. Furthermore, holding anger in and letting anger out are more strongly predictive of high depression and low life satisfaction in honor cultures than in other samples. The results provide support for the cross-cultural validity of Spielberger’s Anger Expression Inventory and for the proposition that differences in ways of handling anger can be understood in terms of contrasting cultural contexts.
First-Year College Students With ADHD and/or LD
Authors: DuPaul George J. , Pinho Trevor D. , Pollack Brittany L. , Gormley Matthew J. , Laracy Seth D.
Published: December 2015

Students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and/or learning disabilities (LD) experience significant challenges in making the transition from high school to college. This study examined the ways first-year college students with ADHD, LD, ADHD+LD, and comparison peers differ in engagement, core self-evaluation, high school preparation behaviors, and goals/expectations. Participants were from the 2010 Cooperative Institutional Research Program Freshman Survey, including students with ADHD ( n = 5,511), LD ( n = 2,626), ADHD+LD ( n = 1,399), or neither disability ( n = 5,737). Controlling for SAT/ACT scores, family income, and parent education, students with ADHD, LD, or ADHD+LD differed from peers on self-ratings of academic and creative abilities and psychosocial functioning; school disengagement, substance use, and emotional difficulties during their last year of high school; reasons for attending college; and expectations for college activities. Several differences were found between disability groups. Implications for college support services and future research are discussed.
Social Justice Leadership and Critical Race Theory in the Mormon Culture Region
Authors: Parker Laurence , McKinney Ashley E.
Published: December 2015

Our article looks at the main themes of critical race theory (CRT) in education as outlined in the landmark 1995 article published in Teachers College Record by Gloria Ladson-Billings and William Tate. We then apply the key ideas they articulated to the social context of school leadership in the Mormon culture region of the western United States, and through interview data and reliance on secondary data reports, illustrate the resistance to social justice leadership and CRT action that school leaders face. We also explore how they engage with this conservative backlash to apply CRT leadership in practice.
The Influence of Parent Social Networks on Parent Perceptions and Motivation for Involvement
Authors: Curry Katherine A. , Holter Alexandra
Published: December 2015

Despite reform efforts to involve parents, parent–school relationships in urban districts are rare. This qualitative study used a constructivist grounded theory approach to gain an understanding of how parent social networks, specifically relationships with other parents in the school, influence parent perceptions of their role in the educational process and their efficacy to fulfill perceived roles. Findings suggest that parents have differing perceptions about their role and differences in efficacy for involvement; however, relationships with other parents are important resources for role construction and efficacy, and may serve to lessen the disconnect between parents and schools in high-poverty districts.
Nonparametric Identification of Causal Effects under Temporal Dependence
Authors: Dafoe Allan
Published: December 2015

Social scientists routinely address temporal dependence by adopting a simple technical fix. However, the correct identification strategy for a causal effect depends on causal assumptions. These need to be explicated and justified; almost no studies do so. This article addresses this shortcoming by offering a precise general statement of the (nonparametric) causal assumptions required to identify causal effects under temporal dependence. In particular, this article clarifies when one should condition or not condition on lagged dependent variables (LDVs) to identify causal effects: one should not condition on LDVs, if there is no reverse causation and no outcome autocausation; one should condition on LDVs if there are no unobserved common causes of treatment and the lagged outcome, or no unobserved persistent causes of the outcome. When only one of these is true (with one exception), the incorrect decision will induce bias. Absent a well-justified identification strategy, inferences should be appropriately qualified.
Randomized Sequential Individual Assignment in Social Experiments: Evaluating the Design Options Prospectively
Authors: Lohr Sharon L. , Zhu Xiaoshu
Published: December 2015

Many randomized experiments in the social sciences allocate subjects to treatment arms at the time the subjects enroll. Desirable features of the mechanism used to assign subjects to treatment arms are often (1) equal numbers of subjects in intervention and control arms, (2) balanced allocation for population subgroups and across covariates, (3) ease of use, and (4) inability for a site worker to predict the treatment arm for a subject before he or she has been assigned. In general, a trade-off must be made among these features: Many mechanisms that achieve high balance do so at the cost of high predictability. In this article, we review methods for randomized assignment of individuals that have been discussed in the literature, evaluating the performance of each with respect to the desirable design features. We propose a method for controlling the amount of predictability in a study while achieving high balance across subgroups and covariates. The method is applicable when a database containing the subgroup membership and covariates of each potential participant is available in advance. We use simple simulation and graphical methods to evaluate the balance and predictability of randomization mechanisms when planning the study and describe a computer program implemented in the R statistical software package that prospectively evaluates candidate randomization methods.
Auditor Pricing of Excess Cash Holdings
Authors: Gleason Kimberly C. , Greiner Adam J. , Kannan Yezen H.
Published: December 2015

We examine auditor business risk by analyzing the relation between excess cash holdings and auditor pricing behavior. Prior research links excess cash holdings to risks associated with manager opportunism and external monitoring. Our analyses provide evidence of a positive relationship between excess cash and audit fees. The economic magnitude of the increase in total audit fees due to an increase in excess cash holdings is approximately 5% greater for firms in the top quartile of excess cash holdings versus those in the bottom quartile. We also find that the strength of shareholder rights reduces the positive relationship between excess cash and audit fees, and excess cash holdings are assigned lower audit fees among firms that follow an investment-intensive strategy than those that tend to hold on to their cash. Our article contributes to the literature by examining auditor pricing of excess cash holdings, including factors that affect auditors’ risk perceptions, and ultimately provides unique insights into how auditors view agency conflicts indicated by excess cash holdings.
Bank market concentration, relationship banking, and small business liquidity
Authors: Han Liang , Zhang Song , Greene Francis J
Published: December 2015

This article examines two contrasting interpretations of how bank market concentration ( Market Power Hypothesis) and banking relationships ( Information Hypothesis) affect three sources of small firm liquidity (cash, lines of credit, and trade credit). Supportive of a market power interpretation, we find that in a highly concentrated banking market, small firms hold less cash, have less access to lines of credit, and are more likely to be financially constrained, use greater amounts of more expensive trade credit, and face higher penalties for trade credit late payment. We also find support for the information hypothesis: relationship banking improves small business liquidity, particularly in a concentrated banking market, thereby mitigating the adverse effects of bank market concentration derived from market power. Our results are robust to different cash, lines of credit, and trade credit measures and to alternative empirical approaches.
Authorized and Unauthorized Immigrant Parents
Authors: Brabeck Kalina M. , Sibley Erin , Lykes M. Brinton
Published: December 2015

This study explores the social-ecological contexts of unauthorized immigrant families and their U.S.-born children, through examining how otherwise similarly low-income, urban, Latino immigrant families differ on the basis of the parents’ legal status and interactions with the immigration system. Drawing on social-ecological theory, variations based on parents’ legal vulnerability among exosystem-level experiences (e.g., parents’ occupational stress, discrimination experiences) and microsystem-level experiences (e.g., parents’ mental health, parenting stress) were explored. Structured interviews were conducted with 178 families with an immigrant parent from Mexico, Central America, and Dominican Republic, and a child (aged 7-10 years) born in the United States. Unauthorized parents reported statistically higher occupational stress, ethnicity-based discrimination, challenges learning English, immigration challenges, and legal status challenges, and lower use of social services, when compared with authorized parents. The groups did not differ on microsystem factors (e.g., parent mental health, and parenting, marital, and family stress).
“They Will Post a Law About Playing Soccer” and Other Ethnic/Racial Microaggressions in Organized Activities Experienced by Mexican-Origin Families
Authors: Lin Alex R. , Menjívar Cecilia , Vest Ettekal Andrea , Simpkins Sandra D. , Gaskin Erin R. , Pesch Annelise
Published: December 2015

Organized activities have been found to provide positive experiences for Latino adolescents to develop confidence and learn critical life skills; however, these programs are sometimes a context where youth encounter negative experiences related to ethnic/racial microaggressions (ERMs). This qualitative study explores the types of ERMs that Mexican-origin parents and adolescents encountered in their organized activities experience. Parents were mainly concerned about SB-1070 and the associated law enforcement practices that posed a threat to transporting their children to and from the organized activity site. Adolescents reported that they encountered overt (e.g., ethnic teasing) as well as covert forms of discriminatory behavior (e.g., implicit ethnic stereotypes) from peers and adult leaders. Attention to the processes of ERM is critical to helping practitioners promote positive intergroup relations so that more Latinos will participate and stay active in organized activities.
Bullying Victimization Among Chinese Middle School Students: The Role of Family Violence
Authors: Zhu Yuhong , Chan Ko Ling , Chen Jinsong
Published: December 2015

This study used the data from a representative sample to investigate the association between family violence (FV) and child bullying victimization (BV) in Xi’an city, China. Data on social demographic information and the prevalence of BV and FV were collected from a randomly selected sample with 3,175 middle school students aged 15 to 17 by self-administrated questionnaires. Results show that 55.9% and 30.3% of the participants have witnessed intimate partner violence (IPV), 37.7% and 30.8% have been victims of child abuse, and 54.9% and 44.6% have been bullied in a lifetime and in the preceding year, respectively. The lifetime and preceding-year co-occurrence rate of FV and BV are 45% and 30.4%, respectively. Multiple logistic regressions confirm FV as a unique risk factor in predicting both direct and relational BV after controlling for a number of confounding factors. This study suggests that FV experiences should be included in the screening and assessment of risk for child BV.
Towards a Monotheistic Democratic Constitutionalism? Convergent Themes in Oliver O’Donovan, Sajjad Rizvi and Paul Heck
Authors: Chaplin Jonathan
Published: December 2015

This article responds to the papers by O’Donovan, Rizvi and Heck by identifying four convergent themes emerging from their accounts of Christian and Islamic political thought: the denial of salvific efficacy to the state; the claim that political authority is legitimated and limited by law; the attribution of a normative purpose to the state; and the ascription of a positive role for the people in the legitimation and scrutiny of political authority. The article poses the question whether this amounts to something that might be termed a shared ‘monotheistic democratic constitutionalism’.
Authority, Legitimacy and Sovereignty: Religion and Politics in the Roman Empire before Constantine
Authors: Lovin Robin W.
Published: December 2015

This essay traces Christian thinking about sacred and secular authority during the early centuries of the Roman Empire. Christian martyrdom, interpreted by apologists such as Tertullian, established a place for Christianity in Roman society and gave it authority against imperial power. From this confrontation there emerged a differentiation of religious and civil authority that provided a starting point for later constitutional ideas of separate and balanced powers and distinctions between state and civil society. A comparative perspective reminds us, however, that at their beginnings, Islam and Christianity faced quite different questions about religious and political authority.
Passivity and passification for stochastic Markovian jump systems with incomplete transition rates and actuator saturation
Authors: Qi Wenhai , Gao Xianwen , Kao Yonggui
Published: December 2015

This paper deals with the problem of passivity and passification for stochastic Markovian jump systems with incomplete transition rates and actuator saturation. By use of the polytopic model, sufficient conditions are built such that the closed-loop constrained system is stochastically passive. The procedure of deriving a state feedback controller is converted into an optimization problem with a set of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, the simulation results of a linearized dynamic model of a vertical take-off and landing aircraft in the vertical plane illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.
Location-Unbound Color-Shape Binding Representations in Visual Working Memory
Authors: Saiki Jun
Published: December 2015

The mechanism by which nonspatial features, such as color and shape, are bound in visual working memory, and the role of those features’ location in their binding, remains unknown. In the current study, I modified a redundancy-gain paradigm to investigate these issues. A set of features was presented in a two-object memory display, followed by a single object probe. Participants judged whether the probe contained any features of the memory display, regardless of its location. Response time distributions revealed feature coactivation only when both features of a single object in the memory display appeared together in the probe, regardless of the response time benefit from the probe and memory objects sharing the same location. This finding suggests that a shared location is necessary in the formation of bound representations but unnecessary in their maintenance. Electroencephalography data showed that amplitude modulations reflecting location-unbound feature coactivation were different from those reflecting the location-sharing benefit, consistent with the behavioral finding that feature-location binding is unnecessary in the maintenance of color-shape binding.
Variation in an Iron Metabolism Gene Moderates the Association Between Blood Lead Levels and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children
Authors: Nigg Joel T. , Elmore Alexis L. , Natarajan Neil , Friderici Karen H. , Nikolas Molly A.
Published: December 2015

Although attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heritable neurodevelopmental condition, there is also considerable scientific and public interest in environmental modulators of its etiology. Exposure to neurotoxins is one potential source of perturbation of neural, and hence psychological, development. Exposure to lead in particular has been widely investigated and is correlated with neurodevelopmental outcomes, including ADHD. To investigate whether this effect is likely to be causal, we used a Mendelian randomization design with a functional gene variant. In a case-control study, we examined the association between ADHD symptoms in children and blood lead level as moderated by variants in the hemochromatosis ( HFE) gene. The HFE gene regulates iron uptake and secondarily modulates lead metabolism. Statistical moderation was observed: The magnitude of the association of blood lead with symptoms of ADHD was altered by functional HFE genotype, which is consistent with a causal hypothesis.
Absent but Not Gone
Authors: Bourassa Kyle J. , Knowles Lindsey M. , Sbarra David A. , O’Connor Mary-Frances
Published: December 2015

Spouses influence each other’s psychological functioning and quality of life. To explore whether this interdependence continues after a person becomes widowed, we tested whether deceased spouses’ characteristics were associated with their widowed partners’ later quality of life using couples drawn from a multinational sample of aging adults. Independent subsamples ( ns = 221 and 325) were assessed before and after a spouse’s death. Regressions revealed that deceased partners’ quality of life prior to their death positively predicted their spouses’ quality of life after the partners’ death, even when we controlled for spouses’ prior quality of life to account for environmental factors shared within couples. Further, widowed participants’ quality of life was lower than nonwidowed couples’ 2 years before and after their partners’ death, but was equivalent 4 years prior. Finally, the strength of the association between partners’ earlier quality of life and participants’ later quality of life did not differ between widowed and nonwidowed participants. These findings suggest that interdependence in quality of life continues after one’s partner has passed away.
Importance of the vane exit Mach number on the axial clearance-related losses
Authors: Grönman Aki , Biester Marc H-O , Turunen-Saaresti Teemu , Jaatinen-Värri Ahti , Backman Jari , Seume Jörg R
Published: December 2015

More efficient and physically smaller axial turbine designs are promoted to lower emissions and increase revenue. The physical size and the weight of the axial turbine can be minimised by adjusting the distance between successive stator and rotor rows. The influence of changing stator–rotor axial clearance can usually have either a positive or a negative influence on the turbine performance, and the reasons for this varying behaviour are not currently fully understood. A previous study revealed several design parameters that correlate with the efficiency curve shape. However, the effects of two parameters, namely the stator outlet Mach number and the reduced blade passing frequency, still remained unclear. Therefore, a novel approach is taken to analyse the correlations between the two design parameters and the axial clearance efficiency curve shape. Several different turbines are analysed using data available in the literature, and also new data are presented. The study suggests that the stator outlet Mach number correlates reasonably well with the efficiency curve shape, and it was further linked to five loss mechanisms and the rotational speed. Although the unsteady interaction plays an important role in the loss share, the level of unsteadiness did not correlate with the efficiency curve shape.
Psychology and the historical power–body conjunction: Foucault’s different view of the history and philosophy of psychology
Authors: Joranger Line
Published: December 2015

By changing his primary concepts—abstraction, alienation, dream, morale, and power—Foucault changed his perception of mental illness and the history and philosophy of psychology throughout his career. Nevertheless, despite conceptual changes, it seems that Nietzsche’s genealogical view of knowledge and the historical power–body conjunction runs like a red thread through Foucault’s works as early as 1961. This article highlights Foucault’s coherent and divergent views on the history and philosophy of psychology and their effects on his theories, findings, and contributions.
The political economy of early exit: The politics of cost-shifting
Authors: Schmitt Carina , Starke Peter
Published: December 2015

Large-scale exit from the labour market began in the 1970s in many OECD countries. The literature indicates that individual early retirement decisions are facilitated by generous and accessible ‘pathways’ into retirement in the public pension system, unemployment insurance or disability benefits. It is unclear, however, why early exit became so much more prevalent in some countries than in others and why such differences remain, despite a recent shift back towards higher employment rates and ‘active ageing’. We test a logic of sectoral cost-shifting politics involving cross-class alliances in the tradable sector, against a more traditional class-based logic of welfare state policy-making. Quantitative analysis of employment outcomes in 21 countries shows that the political economy of early exit clearly rests on the sectoral politics of cost-shifting.
Cataloguing government documents using the MARC 21: A case study of materials from the AP Vojvodina government sessions
Authors: Rudić Gordana , Dimić Surla Bojana , Ivanović Dragan
Published: December 2015

The paper provides suggestions for cataloguing session materials (especially minutes of sessions) using the MARC 21 Format for Bibliographic Data and MARC 21 Format for Authority Data. The suggested solution is shown on the example of materials from the government of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina in Serbia (APV) sessions. Two business applications were developed on the basis of this MARC 21 cataloguing of the materials: a web application for searching government materials and a web application for generating various reports for the APV government.

The web application supports searching metadata as well as the full text of the material and search criteria may include all of the given words or exact phrase. The examples of the reports supported by the application are: total number of sessions; total number of agenda items and sub-items; session attendance by the government members.
An explanatory study into the information seeking-behaviour of Egyptian beggars
Authors: Mansour Essam
Published: December 2015

The key purpose of this study is to provide first-hand information about beggars in Egypt, especially from the perspective of their information-seeking behaviour including their information needs. It tries to investigate the information-seeking behaviour of Egyptian beggars with regard to their thoughts, perceptions, motivations, attitudes, habits, preferences as well as challenges that may impede their use of information. The research methods used were an adapted form of snowball sampling of a heterogeneous demographic group of participants in the beggary activity in Egypt. This sampling was used to select focus groups to explore a range of relevant issues. Data on the demographic characteristics of Egyptian beggars showed that they tend to be men, mostly with no formal education, with an average age around 30s, labelled as low-income persons, mostly single and mostly Muslims. A large number of Egyptian beggars were seeking for information to meet their basic daily needs, although some of them were not able to identify their information needs clearly. The information-seeking behaviour profile of a very large number of Egyptian beggars indicated a preference for informal sources of information over formal sources to solve different problems and meet the challenges faced during their beggary depending on assistive devices, predominantly mobile phones. The illiteracy and the lack of awareness about the basic rights of information as well as information needs were the most important difficulties Egyptian beggars face during accessing information. The study recommended that beggars’ awareness about their information rights should be promoted through educational programs that help them value the role of information in their life.
Urban space in the everyday lives of mothers and fathers on family leave in Helsinki
Authors: Lilius Johanna
Published: December 2015

This paper focuses on the meaning of the urban environment for parents on family leave in Helsinki, Finland. Finland is a part of the Nordic model that emphasises ‘family-friendly arrangements’, such as family leave for mothers and fathers. To date, there is little research on how parents use urban space on family leave, although it is known that fathers stay on family leave more often in urban areas. Based on a triangulation of qualitative data on the day-to-day life of mothers and fathers on family leave, the paper argues that particular place-dependent ways of being on family leave take place in the inner city. Mixed-use pavements in many ways help mothers and fathers to cope in their new life situation and break the isolation often associated with family leave. The data also shows the importance of family-friendly public and commercial places in the city, such as playgrounds and accessible grocery shops, cafeterias and restaurants. The paper concludes that there is a need to further explore the production side of the everyday practices of parents, and how they add to city life and participate in changing cityscapes.
Motivations, Expectations, and Experiences of Expatriate Academic Staff on an International Branch Campus in China
Authors: Cai Li (Lily) , Hall Christine
Published: December 2015

This article explores the experiences of non-Chinese academic staff working on an international branch campus in China. The article presents findings from an interview study that explored the expectations of expatriate staff and what motivated them to want to work abroad. The second part of the article reports on whether and how these expectations and motivations were fulfilled. The findings suggest that, although staff found many benefits from working on the international branch campus, they were insufficiently prepared for the structural and cultural differences inherent in working as an academic in China. The authors argue that more of the academics’ initial expectations and motivations could have been realized if better staff induction and ongoing collective professional development had been in place. In particular, university-level discourse communicated through policy and marketing texts, which promoted the vision of one inclusive and diverse international university community, militated against attention being paid to the structural, political, and cultural differences inherent in working as an academic in China. The authors argue that professional development that acknowledges the differences, difficulties, and disjunctions that staff are likely to encounter in their work is important in building successful international branch campuses both at the level of the organization and of the individual.
Identifying Predictors of Unwanted Online Sexual Conversations Among Youth Using a Low Self-Control and Routine Activity Framework
Authors: Holt Thomas J. , Bossler Adam M. , Malinski Rebecca , May David C.
Published: December 2015

The development of the Internet and computer-mediated communications (CMC), such as email and instant messaging, has transformed the lives of young people. The ability to communicate in near real time with others provides beneficial social impact, though it has also created unique opportunities for victimization. Research has focused on certain forms of sexual activity online, such as sexting, but little study has been devoted to coercion to engage in sexual conversations as a form of sexual harassment. This study examined this phenomenon in a sample of middle and high school youth in Kentucky, applying an integrated low self-control and routine activity framework. The findings demonstrated that youth who were victimized were more likely to have low levels of self-control, view pornography, have peers who engaged others in sexual conversation online, and be female. The relationship between gender and victimization was examined in depth, along with the implications of this study for our understanding of the utility of routine activity theory and the general theory of crime.
Toward Transpersonal Adult Development
Authors: Boucouvalas Marcie
Published: December 2015

As a foundation for discussing transpersonal adult development, the author traces her trajectory, involvement in, and contribution to the modern transpersonal movement and her introduction of it to the adult learning literature, beginning during the early 1980s. Highlighted are the transpersonal domain and a differentiation between transpersonal development that may be methodically pursued (consciously raised) and spontaneous occurrences that may leave one bewildered. Beyond the individual, transpersonal development also applies to relationships, organizations, communities, and the cosmos. Moreover, one’s individual transpersonal development can influence the collective and vice versa. Considerations for adult learning are offered.
Pseudocarcinomatous Hyperplasia Hiding Lymphomatoid Papulosis
Authors: Bellafiore Salvatore , Grenzi Laura , Simonetti Vito , Piana Simonetta
Published: December 2015

Pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia (PCH) is a reactive proliferation of the epidermis that can be associated with many inflammatory and neoplastic conditions. Histologically, it is characterized by irregular strands of epidermis, usually at the level of the follicular infundibulum, projecting downward into the dermis. The differentiation between a well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and PCH can be particularly challenging when the biopsy is superficial and the causing lesion is dermal-based. Lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) is an uncommon, self-healing, recurrent, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, included among the primary cutaneous CD30-positive T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. LyP is characterized by a chronic course of years to decades that does not compromise survival, even if patients with LyP are at risk for second cutaneous or nodal lymphoid malignancies. LyP and other lymphomas are major neoplastic causes of PCH and can be misdiagnosed or completely overlooked if the PCH is particularly exuberant. We describe the case of an otherwise healthy 55-year-old man who presented with a 3-month history of erythematous papules on upper and lower limbs. A diagnosis of LyP associated with PCH was made after 3 skin biopsies. The propensity of the CD30+ cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders to an incognito growth pattern is well recognized, and a low-magnification scanning of the histological slides can be an inappropriate approach.
Double integral-balance method to the fractional subdiffusion equation: Approximate solutions, optimization problems to be resolved and numerical simulations
Authors: Hristov Jordan
Published: December 2015

An approximate integral-balance solution of the fractional subdiffusion equation by a double-integration technique has been conceived. The time-fractional linear subdiffusion equation with Dirichlet boundary condition (and zero initial condition) has been chosen as a test example. Approximations of time-fractional Riemann-Liouville and Caputo derivatives when the distribution is assumed as a parabolic profile with unspecified exponent have been developed. Problems pertinent to determination of the optimal exponent of the parabolic profile and approximations of the time-fractional derivative of by different approaches have been formulated. Solved and unresolved problems in determination of the optimal exponents have been demonstrated. Examples with predetermined quadratic and cubic assumed profiles are analyzed, too. Comparative numerical studies with exact solutions expressed by the Mainardi function in terms of a similarity variable have been performed.
Elder Mistreatment in U.S. Community-Dwelling Chinese Older Women
Authors: Dong XinQi , Chen Ruijia , Simon Melissa A.
Published: December 2015

This study explored the prevalence and correlates of elder mistreatment among community-dwelling Chinese women in the U.S. Data were from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago (PINE), a population-based study of U.S. Chinese older adults aged 60 years and above. Of the 1,833 older women, 289 (15.8%) reported suffering from elder mistreatment. Higher educational levels, lower overall health status, and worsening health over the past year were positively correlated with elder mistreatment, while a greater number of children and grandchildren were negatively correlated with elder mistreatment. Considerable efforts should be put into designing tailored interventions to reduce elder mistreatment in U.S. Chinese women.
The Relationship Between Family-of-Origin Violence, Hostility, and Intimate Partner Violence in Men Arrested for Domestic Violence
Authors: Elmquist JoAnna , Shorey Ryan C. , Labrecque Lindsay , Ninnemann Andrew , Zapor Heather , Febres Jeniimarie , Wolford-Clevenger Caitlin , Plasencia Maribel , Temple Jeff R. , Stuart Gregory L.
Published: December 2015

Although research has shown links between family-of-origin violence (FOV), intimate partner violence (IPV), and hostility, research has not examined whether hostility mediates the relationship between FOV and IPV. The current study examined whether hostility mediates FOV and IPV perpetration in 302 men arrested for domestic violence. Results demonstrated that hostility fully mediated the relationship between father-to-participant FOV and physical and psychological IPV, and the relationship between mother-to-participant FOV and physical IPV. Results indicated that hostility fully mediated the relationship between experiencing and witnessing FOV and physical IPV (composite FOV), and partially mediated the relationship between composite FOV and psychological aggression.
Testing the Relationship Between Personal/Home Care Aide Trainees’ Career Goals and Their Commitment to Home Care
Authors: Blau Gary , Chapman Susan A. , Neri Melinda
Published: December 2015

Using a pre-training and post-training survey research design, 683 participants completed a personal/home care aide (P/HCA) training program. After training, participants chose a career goal and were placed in one of the following groups: (1) only goal to be a P/HCA, (2) become a certified nurse aide/assistant or home health aide, (3) become a licensed vocational nurse, or (4) go to college to earn a degree in a health-related area. Factor analysis of home care commitment items indicated two measures: home care intent and stepping stone. Group 2 trainees had a significantly higher home care intent than trainees in Groups 1 and 4. However, Groups 2, 3, and 4 were each more likely to view P/HCA training as a “stepping stone to higher level jobs” than Group 1.