bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SYMMETRIC-KEY BASED VERIFICATION OF KEYWORD SEARCH OVER DYNAMIC ENCRYPTED CLOUD DATA
Authors: Shenigaram Vidhya , Megha Ladhwe Shri , Kattigehally Rajasekharaiah Matada , Mettu Swarnaja
Published: February 2024

Searchable and Verifiable As a crucial method of cloud security, symmetric encryption enables users to search for encrypted data in the cloud using keywords and validate the accuracy of the results. One of the most prevalent and important requirements for data owners in such schemes is dynamic update for cloud data. To our knowledge, all of the verifiable SSE systems that permit data dynamic update currently in use are based on asymmetric-key cryptography verification, which necessitates time-consuming processes. The sheer volume of cloud data could make the overhead of verification a major burden. Consequently, a crucial unsolved topic is how to implement keyword search over dynamic encrypted cloud data with effective verification. In this research, we investigate how to accomplish keyword search over dynamically encrypted cloud data with symmetric-key based verification and suggest a workable technique. In order to support the efficient verification of dynamic data, we design a novel Accumulative Authentication Tag (AAT) based on the symmetric-key cryptography to generate an authentication tag for each keyword. Benefiting from the accumulation property of our designed AAT, the authentication tag can be conveniently updated when dynamic operations on cloud data occur. In order to achieve efficient data update, we design a new secure index composed by a search table ST based on the orthogonal list and a verification list VL containing AATs. Owing to the connectivity and the flexibility of ST, the update efficiency can be significantly improved. The security analysis and the performance evaluation results show that the proposed scheme is secure and efficient.
AN OVERVIEW OF MUTUAL FUNDSAND INVESTORS' UNDERSTANDING IN RURAL AND URBAN PEOPLE INVESTMENT BEHAVIOUR AND PREFERCNCE
Authors: Madhavedi Dr. Sudhakar , Sudhaker P. , Apku Malika , Srikanth Balla
Published: February 2024

India is experiencing a phase of savings and investment, especially with the growth spurt in its working class. The Indian mutual fund industry is growing rapidly and this is reflected in the increase in Assets under management of various fund houses. This research paper focused on number of factors that highlights investors’ behaviour towards mutual funds and preferences of investors. The impact of various demographic and behavioural factors on investors has been studied.Design/Methodology/Approach: The study is empirical and analytical based on survey approach. It is primary data based study. Data is collected through structured questionnaire. For this purpose, we have used frequency distribution, percentages, chi square test, ANOVA, Average Score analysis and Kruskal Wallis test to prove the hypotheses. Also, Cronbach’s Alpha (CFA) is applied to measure the internal consistency of the variables.Findings:The major findings of the study reveal that demographic factors have impact on the investment decisions taken by investors. Also, it is found the aged and educated people preferred mostly safe and high return on their investment. They avoid risk. The study will be beneficial for researchers & academicians for further research, brokers, dealers, investors and share market of icials.Research Applications/Limitations:this study is helpful to identify the behaviour of investors towards mutual funds investment. Despite at most care, there has been some limitation in this study which may have impact on findings of the study. As we used convenience sampling method and only 100 samples of respondents has been selected, it is dif icult to generalize the findings to the large population. We have selected a limited area i.e. only Delhi and NCR. Also, there may be errors in development of questionnaire and data feeding.Practical Implications: Contributes to the body of knowledge on investor’s behaviours, perception n their attitude towards investment in mutual funds and its implications for investors, agencies and government for formulating policies.Originality/Value: The paper identifies a framework of relevant values and facilities that will be of use to those interested in this field
SSLA BASED TRAFFIC SIGN AND LANE DETECTION FOR AUTONOMOUSCARS
Authors: Kumar Choul Praveen , Athreya B , Pragna G , Naga Swaroopa
Published: February 2024

The Self-Driving Cars are also known as Autonomous Vehicles. This Car has the ability to sense around the environment. These sensed parameters are processed and according to it the different actuators in the car will work without any human involvement. An Autonomous car work like a normal car but without any human driver. Autonomous cars rely on sensors, actuators, machine learning algorithms and Software to perform all the Automated Functions. The Software part is very important for Autonomous vehicles. The Software architecture acts as a bridge between Hardware Components and Application. The Standardized Software for Automotive cars is AUTOSAR. The AUTOSAR is a Standardized Architecture between Application Software and Hardware. This Standardized Architecture provide all Communication Interfaces, Device Drivers, Basic Software and Run-Time Environment. There are two important modules in Self-Driving Cars. They are Lane Detection and Traffic Signal detection which works automatically without any Human Intervention. A Machine Learning Algorithm is proposed in this paper. This Algorithm is mainly used to train the shape models and helps to detect the shape for Traffic Sign detection and Lane Detection. These both tasks are programmed using python with Open cv2 library file, numpy library file and Hough Detection technique is used to detect the appropriate circles of the traffic signals.By using all these tools, all the shape models are trained using Supervised training Algorithm and the detection is performed in such a way to help Autonomous cars to detect the lane and traffic Sign.
FINANCIAL REPORTING FRAUD: AUDIT COMMITTEE AS MODERATION
Authors: Mohamad Zulman Hakim  , Epekele Wisdom  , Dirvi Surya Abbas  , Alvina Anggraini  , Gadis Ayu Rizky Darmala  , Elsa Audia Utami
Published: February 2024

This study aims to investigate the influence of the audit committee in moderating the association between financial targets, financial stability, changes in directors, ineffective supervision, optimal conditions of the company, changes in auditors, the CEO's photograph, government projects, political connections, and managerial ownership on financial statement fraud. When examining instances of financial statement fraud, it is important to take into account the involvement of the audit committee in addition to other variables. The Beneish M-Score Model is used to quantify financial statement fraud. The study focuses on analyzing a sample of 49 infrastructure sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) between 2020 - 2021. The analysis employs panel data regression analysis with 98 units, utilizing the EViews 13 analytical tool to test the hypothesis. The findings of this study indicate that a company's financial target significantly impacts the likelihood of financial statement fraud. Factors such as financial stability, changes in directors, monitoring, the company's ideal condition, changes in auditors, CEO photographs, government projects, political connections, and managerial ownership do not affect the likelihood of financial statement fraud. The presence of an audit committee has a moderating effect on the occurrence of financial statement fraud as each independent variable becomes less influential.
Unprecedented complexity of six coexisting autoimmune diseases: A case report
Authors: Anoun Jihed , Guedri Nourhen , Ben Hassine Imen , Baya Wafa , Mzabi Anis , Ben Fredj Fatma
Published: February 2024

Introduction. Autoimmune disorders often exhibit interconnectedness, although encountering multiple autoimmune conditions in a single patient is uncommon. Multiple autoimmune syndrome is characterized by the presence of at least three distinct autoimmune diseases in an individual. This report outlines the case of a middle-aged woman diagnosed with autoimmune thyroiditis, Sjögren’s syndrome, scleroderma, autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, and antisynthetase syndrome. Additionally, it includes a literature review encompassing multiple autoimmune syndromes involving five or more autoimmune diseases.
Observation. A 57-year-old woman, with no previous medical history, presented with fever, extensive muscle weakness, progressive exertional dyspnea, inflammatory polyarthralgia, dysphagia, and dry mouth. Clinical examination revealed muscular deficit in the scapular and pelvic girdles, distal muscular deficit, synovitis in the wrists, and features indicative of “mechanic’s hand”. Laboratory examinations showed cytolysis, cholestasis, elevated muscle enzymes, hypergammaglobulinemia and elevated thyroid stimulating hormone. Immunoassays showed positive results for antinuclear antibodies, anti-histidyl-t-RNA synthetase, anti–Sjögren's-syndrome-related antigen A, anti-ribonucleic-acid-polymerase-III-RP155, anti-fibrillarin, anti-mitochondrial, anti-liver/kidney microsomal type 1, anti-glycoprotein 210, and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies. Further investigations led to the diagnosis of a multiple autoimmune syndrome involving autoimmune thyroiditis, Sjögren’s syndrome, scleroderma, autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, and antisynthetase syndrome. The patient received treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins, corticosteroids, azathioprine, and ursodeoxycholic acid, which resulted in favorable clinical and biological outcomes.
Conclusion. This patient presented with six concurrent distinct autoimmune disorders, categorizing this case as a type two multiple autoimmune syndrome. The identification of antisynthetase syndrome notably distinguishes this case.
MANAJEMEN PEMBELAJARAN MENGENAL BENTUK GEOMETRI BERBASIS SENTRA BALOK DALAM MENINGKATKAN BERPIKIR KREATIF PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Komalasari Dewi
Published: February 2024

Developing creativity in early childhood is one of the educational problems that challenges educators and kindergarten managers. The teachers try to increase students’ creativity in recognizing geometric shapes through playing in the block center. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data collection techniques are through observation and documentation, while data collection tools use interview and observation guidelines. Based on the results of research conducted regarding learning to recognize geometric shapes based on beam centers which was carried out in two kindergartens guided and supervised by teachers who have good competence, it can improve students’ creative thinking abilities. Students can develop their imagination, show exploratory activities, create works that look like real shapes using various materials, have great curiosity and have high perseverance when taking part in learning at the block center and understand geometric shapes and can apply them to recognize geometric shapes in everyday life.
Analisis Manajemen Kepala Satuan Pendidikan Nonformal Sanggar Kegiatan Belajar Dalam Meningkatkan Produktifitas Kinerja Pamong Belajar
Authors: Trisnawati Rosyati Tati
Published: February 2024

The problem in this research is that the quality of tutors does not meet standards. The performance indicators used are work quality, attendance, punctuality, initiative, ability and communication. This research aims to describe and analyze the role of the Head of SPNF SKB as a manager in increasing the productivity of learning tutors’ performance at UPT SPNF. The research method used is descriptive qualitative analysis. Data collection techniques using observation studies, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques, namely narrative analysis techniques, text meaning analysis, conversation analysis and scientific theory analysis. Data were tested by triangulating data sources from various appropriate research tests. The research results show that the management role of the Head of SNPF SKB is in increasing the productivity of the teaching performance of SKB Cimahi City and SKB Bandung City, namely in Early Childhood Education and Package C.
MANAJEMEN PENGEMBANGAN KEGIATAN BELAJAR MELALUI KECERDASAN KINESTETIK
Authors: Akbar Muhibuddin Fachri
Published: February 2024

The title was made in this study about management development learning activities through the kinesthetic intelligence against the background of the problem based on the application curriculum of the 2013 demand the liveliness of the learners in the learning process, because physical motion turned out to have major contributions as revealed based on venon magnesen research say that brain of the human quick to get information from visual modality moving. Learning by doing must be a priority, because student learns 20% by reading, 30% by listening, 40% by looking, 50% by speaking, 60% by doing and 90% by looking, speaking and doing. The goal for obtaining an overview of the steps of planning, implementation, brominated and solutions in developing management development learning activities through the kinesthetic intelligence. Then was able to muster an effective category learning activities as well as efficient or can we take apart that learning it the right grind and grind it correctly. While the research conducted using qualitative methods descriptive observational field as well as supporting documentation. As for the results of the research obtained by the researchers are learning activities through the kinesthetic intelligence methods actually build a very productive learning atmosphere, during the development of the visible learning activities learning well and learners are very enthusiastic for the contribute in learning activities. Then it can be inferred that learning must have a principle of motion, change and evolve, kinesthetic intelligence help the whole body more responsive learning activities, class as a learning space should be one place of learning, and the teacher is able to realize the needs of every learner in the learning. Problems encountered based on explanation of the findings above, it is likely to be passive learners when learning activities are less than creative categories. The recommendations could be given for teachers on request able to conceptualize the active learning activities.
An altitudinal study of the flora of the inland mountains of South-East Greenland
Authors: Halliday Geoffrey
Published: February 2024

This paper aims to bring together information from a variety of sources on the vascular flora of the botanically little-known-mountains and nunataks of south-east Greenland between Ammassalik and the Blosseville Kyst (66°-69° N).
The paper is based on an analysis of a collection of mainly vascular plants from 111 individual sites of known altitude in the inland mountains between Ammassalik and Kialiip Tasiilaa (Tasilaq) in the south, and around Kangersertuaq (Kangerlussuaq) in the north. The collections were made by 17 predominantly climbing expeditions, with little or no botanical experience, and all but one from r963 to 1992. N01,1e of the sites had previously been visited, and the data are practically all unpublished except as botanical reports in general expedition reports which, for a variety of reasons, are now difficult or almost impossible to consult.
Although the climate on the coast can be characterised as low-arctic it becomes progressively drier and colder (i.e. high-arctic) inland. A consequence of this is the presence in the interior of the following species, none previously
reported in east Greenland from south of Scoresby Sund (72° N): Minuartia stricta, Melandrium affine, Draba arctica, D. subcapitata, Festuca baffinensis and Poa abbreviata. There is also a cluster of records of Arabis arenicola, otherwise extremely rare in south-east Greenland.
100 vascular plants were recorded from the southern area and 86 from the northern. The highest sites were 2480 m in the south and 2roo m in the north, the former being the highest recorded in the Arctic. These altitudes were somewhat lower than those calculated by regression analyses of the number of species plotted against altitude. It seems very likely that many of the species occurring over about r500 m reach their highest recorded altitudes
in the Arctic within the study area.
The species are tabulated in order of increasing altitude limits and the altitudinal range is arbitrarily divided into three zones: low 370-1200 m, middle 1200-1800 m and high, above 1800 m. Low-arctic oceanic montane and low- and medium-arctic species preponderate in the lowest zone but with increasing altitude the widespread arctic montane element becomes dominant.
Comparison with other areas of Greenland shows that the altitudinal limits are noticeably higher in south-east Greenland.
The contrasting geology has no detectable affect on the flora, the best developed vegetation being on south-facing sites with summer melt water.
Less exhaustive lists of bryophytes and lichens are included in the Appendices.
Avaliação comparativa dos efeitos da terapia de fotobiomodulação com laser infravermelho e vermelho na atrofia muscular esquelética em modelo de imobilização em ratos
Authors: Gonçalves Silma Rodrigues , Tim Carla Roberta , Parizotto Nivaldo Antonio , Martignago Cintia Cristina Santi , Silva Marcelo Cavenaghi Pereira da , Anaruma Carlos Alberto , Quintana Hananiah Tardivo , Assis Lívia
Published: February 2024

Não se aplica
Fruit Disease Classification and Localization Using Region Based Regression
Authors: Kavitha Annamalai , Raja Samuel , Sampath Palaniswami
Published: February 2024

Fruit disease classification using computer vision techniques is completely viral upon machine learning capabilities. The complete analysis is based upon regression using region proposal networks and their optimization using Gradient Clipping methodology. Fruit diseases such as flyspeck, blotch, scab and rot are detected and classified using the Region proposal network regression. The recent works carried out on the fruit disease detection and classification on agricultural crops were gathered and surveyed in this paper. Finally the very recent work carried out using regression and computer vision techniques were identified and applied to the data collected here with 6231 images and 24 classes. The diseased and disinfected were filtered for training purpose into 3110 images as diseases and the rest as disinfected. The hyperparameters tuning optimization was able to fit only the random data images, instead gradient clipping resulted in the proper limit cropping of the diseased portions of the crop footage. To improve the training data stability regression was employed with this optimization to show the results obtained from 95.3% to 97.8%. Here, the RCNN classification using neural networks resulted in the overall accuracy of the fruit disease classification model to 95.83%, where the Gradient Clipping optimization resulted in the improvement of accuracy of model to 97.8%.
Proving the existence of Euclidean knight’s tours on n × n × ⋯ × n chessboards for n < 4
Authors:   World Intelligence Network, Ripà Marco
Published: February 2024

The Knight's Tour problem consists of finding a Hamiltonian path for the knight on a given set of points so that the knight can visit exactly once every vertex of the mentioned set. In the present, we provide a 5-dimensional alternative to the well-known statement that it is not ever possible for a knight to visit once every vertex of $C(3,k):=\{\underbrace{\{0,1,2\} \times \{0,1,2\}\times \cdots \times \{0,1,2\}}_\textrm{\textit{k}-times}\}$ by performing a sequence of $3^k-1$ jumps of standard length, since the most accurate answer to the original question actually depends on which mathematical assumptions we are making at the beginning of the game when we decide to extend a planar chess piece to the third dimension and above. Our counterintuitive outcome follows from the observation that we can alternatively define a 2D knight as a piece that moves from one square to another on the chessboard by covering a fixed Euclidean distance of $\sqrt{5}$ so that also the statement of Theorem 3 in [Erde, J., Golénia, B., & Golénia, S. (2012), The closed knight tour problem in higher dimensions, The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics, 19(4), #P9] does not hold anymore for such a Euclidean knight, as long as a 2 × 2 × ⋯ × 2 chessboard with at least 27 cells is given. Moreover, we construct a classical closed knight's tour on $C(3,4)-\{(1,1,1,1)\}$ whose arrival is at a distance of 2 from $(1,1,1,1)$, and then we show a closed Euclidean knight's tour on $\{\{0,1\}\times\{0,1\}\times\{0,1\}\times\{0,1\}\times\{0,1\}\times\{0,1\}\times\{0,1\}\}\subseteq \mathbb{Z}^7$.
Disparate Measures
Authors: Armstrong Mary A. , Averett Susan L.
Published: February 2024

An exploration of workplace participation and earnings patterns for diverse women in US STEM professions that upends the myth that STEM work benefits women economically.

Seen as part economic driver, part social remedy, STEM work is commonly understood to benefit both the US economy and people—particularly women—from underrepresented groups. But what do diverse women find when they work in US STEM occupations? What do STEM jobs really deliver—and for whom? In Disparate Measures, Mary Armstrong and Susan Averett challenge the conventional wisdom that a diverse US STEM workforce will bring about economic abundance for the women who participate in it. Combining intersectionality theory and critical data theory with a feminist economic analysis, the authors explore how different groups of diverse women truly fare in US STEM professions.

Disparate Measures is centered on eight unique, in-depth case studies, each of which provides an intersectional economic analysis (a term coined by the authors) of diverse women working in STEM occupations. Four case studies prioritize women of color and examine the STEM participation and earnings of Black women, American Indian and Alaska Native women, Asian and Pacific Islander women, and Hispanic women/Latinas; four additional case studies illuminate intersections that are frequently neglected by the STEM inclusivity literature: foreign-born women, women with disabilities, Queer women, and mothers. What the authors find in their groundbreaking, detailed analysis is that the promises of STEM are only partly true: when compared to women not working in STEM, most women are indeed economically elevated by STEM occupations—yet when compared to white men in the same STEM occupations, women's second-class status is usually reaffirmed. The authors conclude by offering seven “big-picture” recommendations for rethinking STEM equity, showing just how we can successfully confront the entrenched patterns of economic disadvantage faced by diverse women in STEM jobs.
Fantasies of Virtual Reality
Authors: Carter Marcus , Egliston Ben
Published: February 2024

The fantasies that underpin common perceptions of Virtual Reality—and what we need to know about VR's potential risks as well as its opportunities.

Virtual reality is the next new frontier for Silicon Valley. Mark Zuckerberg, who has overseen Meta's investment of billions into VR, pitches it as the next dominant computing paradigm. More than just a gaming technology, VR is top of mind for academics, tech reportage, and industry evangelists who all see the potential for VR to revolutionize fields such as education and health, as well as the way we work and communicate. But will VR achieve all this? In Fantasies of Virtual Reality, Marcus Carter and Ben Egliston strip bare the tech industry's vision of a future dominated by immersive VR experiences, challenging the utopian promises of this technology's potential.

Carter and Egliston offer a critical account of VR in a variety of contexts, from gaming to human resources to policing and the military. They argue that while VR does hold significant potential, the overhyped expectations surrounding it, from achieving true empathetic understanding to transforming traditional education and office work, are often overstated and fraught with issues of privacy, control, and exclusion. What's more, there is nothing truly virtual about virtual reality: VR is deeply entrenched in the material world, driven by tangible technological, economic, and social logics.

An accessible introduction to this emerging technology, Fantasies of Virtual Reality is essential reading for anyone interested in what VR can really do—and what is just plain fantasy.
The Equitably Resilient City
Authors: Lamb Zachary B. , Vale Lawrence J.
Published: February 2024

Twelve global planning and urban design interventions—and what they reveal about equity-centered urban resilience in the face of climate change.

Hillside favelas in South America imperiled by landslides. Flood-threatened mobile home parks on the American Gulf Coast. Canal-side settlements facing eviction in megacities in Southeast Asia. Too often the places most vulnerable to climate change are the ones that are home to people with the fewest economic and political resources. And while some leaders are starting to take action to reduce climate risks, many early adaptation schemes have actually made preexisting inequalities worse. In The Equitably Resilient City, Zachary Lamb and Lawrence Vale ask how cities can adapt to climate change and other threats while also doing right by disadvantaged residents.

Lamb and Vale's model for the equitably resilient city includes four central domains: (1) environmental safety and vitality; (2) security from displacement; (3) stable and dignified livelihoods; and (4) enhanced self-governance. These principles represent the four LEGS (Livelihoods, Environment, Governance, and Security) of equitable resilience. To illustrate these core principles, the book draws on 12 case studies from settlements facing a range of hazards across diverse geographies in the Global North and South, from heat stress in Paris to drought in Bolivia to floods in Bangkok and New Orleans. Offering concrete strategies in the form of planning, community action, and design interventions, Lamb and Vale show that equitable urban resilience is not a pipe dream nor an abstract ethical proposition but an achievable reality grounded in struggle and solidarity.
The Open Dynamics of Braitenberg Vehicles
Authors: Hotton Scott , Yoshimi Jeff
Published: February 2024

An introduction to dynamical systems theory, a detailed mathematical analysis of pairs of Braitenberg vehicles, and a look at how these results apply to the study of physical and biological organisms.

Powering the concept of a Braitenberg vehicle, developed in 1984 by the Italian-Austrian cyberneticist Valentino Braitenberg, is the idea that simple systems can produce complex behaviors. A pair of interacting Braitenberg vehicles is simple, but they can meander, wind around, and follow each another in a number of ways. In this book, Scott Hotton and Jeff Yoshimi show how dynamical systems theory—in particular the theory of open dynamic systems—can be used to analyze pairs of these vehicles in great detail. The result of the authors' long-standing collaboration at the intersection of mathematics, philosophy, cognitive science, and biology, The Open Dynamics of Braitenberg Vehicles offers a rigorous mathematical foundation for embodied cognition, especially when it comes to two-way interactions between an agent and its environment.

Following an introduction to dynamical systems theory, and the most detailed mathematical analysis of Braitenberg vehicles to date, Hotton and Yoshimi discuss how their results can be applied to the study of physical and biological systems. They also describe their work's relevance to debates in the philosophy of embodied cognitive science. Combining the best features of embodied and representational approaches to cognitive science, complete with code and simulations, The Open Dynamics of Braitenberg Vehicles provides an extremely accessible and visually rich look into the workings and applications of open dynamical systems.
Monumental Graffiti
Authors: Schacter Rafael
Published: February 2024

What graffiti says about contemporary society, and why it demands our urgent attention as a form of civic expression.

What is graffiti—vandalism, ornament, art? What if, rather than any of those things, we thought of graffiti as a monument? How would that change our understanding of graffiti, and, in turn, our understanding of monument? In Monumental Graffiti, curator and anthropologist Rafael Schacter focuses on the material, communicative, and contextual aspects of these two forms of material culture to provide a timely perspective on public art, citizenship, and the city today. He applies monument as a lens to understand graffiti and graffiti as a lens to comprehend monument, challenging us to consider what the appropriate monument for our contemporary world could be.

Monumental Graffiti unpacks today's iconoclastic moment, showing us why graffiti demands our urgent attention as a form of expression that challenges power structures by questioning whose voices are included in—and whose are excluded from—public space. Written from twenty years of embedded research on graffiti, the book includes works from graffiti writers such as 10Foot, Delta, Egs, Honet, Mosa, Petro, Revok, and Wombat, alongside those of artists such as Francis Alÿs, Jeremy Deller, Thomas Hirschhorn, Jenny Holzer, Klara Liden, Gordon Matta-Clark, William Pope.L, Cy Twombly, and many more.

Richly illustrated, this study of graffiti as monument and monument as graffiti is as fascinating as it is ethnographically expansive.
Optimizing Play
Authors: Paul Christopher A.
Published: February 2024

An unexpected take on how games work, what the stakes are for them, and how game designers can avoid the traps of optimization.

The process of optimization in games seems like a good thing—who wouldn't want to find the most efficient way to play and win? As Christopher Paul argues in Optimizing Play, however, optimization can sometimes risk a tragedy of the commons, where actions that are good for individuals jeopardize the overall state of the game for everyone else. As he explains, players inadvertently limit play as they theorycraft, seeking optimal choices. The process of developing a meta, or the most effective tactic available, structures decision making, causing play to stagnate. A “stale” meta then creates a perception that a game is solved and may lead players to turn away from the game.

Drawing on insights from game studies, rhetoric, the history of science, ecology, and game theory literature, Paul explores the problem of optimization in a range of video games, including Overwatch, FIFA/EA Sports FC, NBA 2K, Clash Royale, World of Warcraft, and League of Legends. He also pulls extensively from data analytics in sports, where the problem has progressed further and is even more intractable than it is in video games, given the money sports teams invest to find an edge. Finally, Paul offers concrete and specific suggestions for how games can be developed to avoid the trap set by optimization run amok.
Artificial General Intelligence
Authors: Togelius Julian
Published: February 2024

How to make AI capable of general intelligence, and what such technology would mean for society.

Artificial intelligence surrounds us. More and more of the systems and services you interact with every day are based on AI technology. Although some very recent AI systems are generalists to a degree, most AI is narrowly specific; that is, it can only do a single thing, in a single context. For example, your spellchecker can't do mathematics, and the world's best chess-playing program can't play Tetris. Human intelligence is different. We can solve a variety of tasks, including those we have not seen before. In Artificial General Intelligence, Julian Togelius explores technical approaches to developing more general artificial intelligence and asks what general AI would mean for human civilization.

Togelius starts by giving examples of narrow AI that have superhuman performance in some way. Interestingly, there have been AI systems that are superhuman in some sense for more than half a century. He then discusses what it would mean to have general intelligence, by looking at definitions from psychology, ethology, and computer science. Next, he explores the two main families of technical approaches to developing more general artificial intelligence: foundation models through self-supervised learning, and open-ended learning in virtual environments. The final chapters of the book investigate potential artificial general intelligence beyond the strictly technical aspects. The questions discussed here investigate whether such general AI would be conscious, whether it would pose a risk to humanity, and how it might alter society.
Serendipity
Authors: Pievani Telmo
Published: February 2024

From the bestselling author of Imperfection, a theory of uncertainty as the very core of the scientific method—and the essence of its wonder.

How many times have we looked for something and found something else? A partner, a job, an object? The same thing often happens to scientists: they design an experiment and discover the unexpected, which usually turns out to be very important. This fascinating phenomenon is called serendipity, which takes its name from the mythical Serendip, a place from which, according to a Persian fable, three princes set off to explore the world, making chance discoveries along the way. In Serendipity, the award-winning author of Imperfection Telmo Pievani returns to weave a compelling story about the unexpected in science and its fascinating role in our understanding of the world.

Going far beyond the usual examples of penicillin, X-rays, the microwave oven, and Christopher Columbus, Pievani shows that the most surprising stories of serendipity in the history of science reveal profound aspects of the logic of scientific discovery. In this book, he presents for the first time: an archaeology of the idea; a taxonomy of serendipitous discoveries; an “ecology of serendipity” (the surrounding conditions and factors that can promote it); and lastly, a theory of serendipity (why it occurs so frequently in so many sciences). From Zadig to Sherlock Holmes, Pievani shows that such great discoveries are not just the product of luck. Instead, serendipity comes from a mix of cunning, curiosity, sagacity, imagination, and accidents caught on the fly. Serendipity illuminates how much we don't know and how much we don't even know we don't know. Above all, Pievani reminds us that the human brain is of a piece with the world it is investigating—a world so much bigger than our knowledge—and it has also evolved within that world, adapting as it has to.
Research on the evaluation method of English textbook readability based on the TextCNN model and its application in teaching design
Authors: Qin Ying , Irshad Azeem
Published: February 2024

English is a world language, and the ability to use English plays an important role in the improvement of college students’ comprehensive quality and career development. However, quite a lot of Chinese college students feel that English learning is difficult; it is difficult to understand the learning materials, and they cannot effectively improve their English ability. This study uses a convolutional neural network to evaluate the readability of English reading materials. It provides students with English reading materials of suitable difficulty based on their English reading ability so as to improve the effect of English learning. Aiming at the high dispersion of students’ English reading level, a text readability evaluation model for English reading textbooks based on deep learning is designed. First, the legibility dataset is constructed based on college English textbooks; second, the TextCNN text legibility evaluation model is constructed; finally, the model training is completed through parameter adjustment and optimization, and the evaluation accuracy rate on the self-built dataset reaches 90%. We use the text readability method based on TextCNN model to conduct experimental teaching, and divided the two groups into comparative experiments. The experimental results showed that the reading level and reading interest of students in the experimental group were significantly improved, which proved that the text readability evaluation method based on deep learning was scientific and effective. In addition, we will further expand the capacity of the English legibility dataset and invite more university classes and students to participate in comparative experiments to improve the generality of the model.
Special issue on analysis and mining of social media data
Authors: Zubiaga Arkaitz , Rosso Paolo
Published: February 2024

This Editorial introduces the PeerJ Computer Science Special Issue on Analysis and Mining of Social Media Data. The special issue called for submissions with a primary focus on the use of social media data, for a variety of fields including natural language processing, computational social science, data mining, information retrieval and recommender systems. Of the 48 abstract submissions that were deemed within the scope of the special issue and were invited to submit a full article, 17 were ultimately accepted. These included a diverse set of articles covering, inter alia, sentiment analysis, detection and mitigation of online harms, analytical studies focused on societal issues and analysis of images surrounding news. The articles primarily use Twitter, Facebook and Reddit as data sources; English, Arabic, Italian, Russian, Indonesian and Javanese as languages; and over a third of the articles revolve around COVID-19 as the main topic of study. This article discusses the motivation for launching such a special issue and provides an overview of the articles published in the issue.
Isolation and Molecular Identification of Termite Nest Associated Bacteria with Potential as Vibriosis Biocontrol Agents in Shrimp Farming
Authors: Mulyadin Aldy , Amalia Tiara , Haerunnisa Siska , Sunarti  , Seniati  , Nurhayati  , Dwinhoven Ifhan , Khatimah Khusnul , Ardiansyah  , Amrullah
Published: February 2024

The potential for aquaculture development in Indonesia, especially the shrimp farming industry, is projected to continue to increase. However, the current growth in aquaculture production is in line with the increasing number of disease outbreaks and can affect the production, profitability, and sustainability of the industry worldwide. Vibriosis is a major challenge in aquaculture that causes fish mortality in large numbers and rapid times. Vibriosis treatment is still limited to the same antibiotics in humans and animals. For this reason, alternative microorganisms that are more specific and selective in inhibiting vibrio are needed, one of which is the exploration of termite nest association bacteria. This study aims to obtain isolates of termite nest association bacteria that are antivibrio. Isolation of bacteria using ISP2 media. Furthermore, antagonistic screening was carried out against V. alginolyticus and V. harveyi bacteria. Isolates performed morphological and biochemical characterization followed by molecular identification with 16s rRNA sequence analysis using universal primer 27F 1492R. Isolation results obtained 15 isolates with varying colors and shapes. Ten isolates are Gram-positive bacteria and 12 isolates have a positive catalase test. Seven isolates have antivibrio activity, namely isolates SR9, SE1, SE4, SE5, SE6, SE7 and SE8. Isolate SE1 showed the best antivibrio activity capable of inhibiting the growth of V. alginolyticus and V. harveyi bacteria with an inhibition zone value of 3.5 cm and 4 cm, respectively. The results of the molecular analysis showed that isolate SE1 has 99.65% similarity with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain HY2-1. These bacteria have characteristics that have the potential to be used as probiotics in the aquaculture industry, especially vibrio biocontrol agents.
Genetic Assessment of Germplasms for Anaerobic Germination in Rice
Authors: Rathod Ramya , Dinesh Akula , Sreedhar M. , Sai Charan M  , Basavaraj PS  , Vanisri S.
Published: February 2024

The present study was planned using portray method to screen rice germplasm lines for anaerobic germination (AG) by assessing seedling parameters. Among 266 lines studies, 121 exhibited variable germination % of 100‒17 under AG condition. Germplasm lines viz., RDR 7555, WGL 915, CSR 27, RGP 103, IRTON 103, IET 23993, RGP 60 and MTU NS1 were with highest germination capability (100%). Longest seedling length was recorded in WGL 915 (33.1 cm), RGP 57 (31.8 cm) and CSR 27 (31.2 cm). Seedling vigour index was maximum in lines WGL 915 (3310), RGP 57 (3180) and CSR 27 (3120). Genotypes CSR 27 (22.5 cm), WGL 915 (23.3 cm), RGP 57 (23.1 cm), RGP 103 (21.5 cm) and IRTON 103 (20.7 cm) are possessing highest tolerance to AG conditions with elongated shoot length. Highest root length was recorded in WGL 915 (9.8 cm), CSR 27 (8.7 cm), RGP 57 (8.7 cm), Indursamba (8.5 cm) and RGP 103 (8.1 cm). Highest heritability, genetic advance, PCV and GCV were recorded for seedling vigour index clearly highlights the importance of trait for simple selection. Highest significant positive correlation was observed between the seedling length and seedling vigour index (0.93**) followed by germination % and seedling vigour index (0.88**). Seedling length and germination % are important traits for seedling establishment in direct seeded rice under AG conditions. The 121 Germplasm lines were grouped into four clusters, cluster 3 and 4 has genotypes with above standard germination % (80%), highest seedling length (33.1‒20.3 cm) and high vigour index (3310‒2030). Present day task for plant breeders is to identify rice germplasm lines tolerant for anaerobic germination and to introgress the trait into the superior variety for development of rice pre-breeding lines with tolerance to anaerobic conditions and high yield [1].
Chemical Characterization of Supercritical Fluid Extract (SFE) of Ailanthus excelsa and Estimation of Total Phenols and Flavonoids in SFE
Authors: Amaresh, Y. S  , Kavyasri, M  , Ashwathanarayana D. S  , Raghavendra, B. T  , Hiregoudar Sharanagoudar
Published: February 2024

Ailanthus excelsa which is usually called as tree of heaven is known to possess anti- fungal activity. The bio constituents such as flavonoids and phenols which are present in the leaves of Ailanthus excelsa is known to possess anti- bacterial, anti- fungal properties. This experiment was conducted to study the fungicidal activity of Ailanthus excelsa and its characeterization. Results revealed that the supercritical fluid extraction was effective at 60⁰C of temperature and 225 bar pressure with solvent flow rate of 5 g/min and caron di- oxide flow rate at 20 g/min. The GC-MS analysis showed that forty different constituents were present in the A. excelsa. Among which, Ricinoleic acid, Diethyl phthalate, 1.63 Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester and 9- octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester were found to impart anti- fungal activity. The total phenols and flavonoids was 19.65 mgGAEg-1 and 40.68 mgGAEg-1 respectively was found in the SFE extract of A. excelsa.
Analytical Solution of Some Higher Degree Equation Via Radicals
Authors: Mude Lao Hussein
Published: February 2024

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Research on Problems and Countermeasures of Online Home Office of Enterprise Employees under the COVID-19 Epidemic
Authors: Zhang Xiaobing , Zhao Zhuofu , Dong Qinkang , Zhao Yanyu , Ge Hanfei
Published: February 2024

Online home office refers to a new type of office model in which the public uses a network system to perform and process work tasks at home in specific circumstances. During the COVID-19, employees’ online home office work provided guidance for enterprises’ resumption of work and production. This mode can provide more time for production work, balance employees’ work and life, and improve work efficiency to a certain extent, but still exposed some problems. On the basis of introducing the concept of online home work for enterprise employees and the literature review, this paper mainly adopts the questionnaire survey and video interview method, and distributes questionnaires to employees of small and medium-sized enterprises in Jiangsu Province of China from November 8, 2022 to March 8, 2023. 304 effective questionnaires and descriptive responses from three interviewees were returned.  With processing the data, independent variables, such as difficult to achieve physical management, immature enterprise security technology, reduced communication among employees, reduced enterprise cohesion, and imperfect legal system and dependent variables worked from home online are significantly correlated at the 0.01 level. The paper analyzes the problems existing in online home work for enterprise employees, and proposes management suggestions and countermeasures to solve the problems in online home work practice for enterprise employees.
Impact of Socio-economic Status on Socio-emotional Development of Children Attending Different Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) Centers
Authors: Hirelingannavar Soumya , Patil Manjula
Published: February 2024

The purpose of the 2018–20 study, which took place in the Karnataka state's Dharwad taluk, was to determine how children's social and emotional development was impacted by their socioeconomic status. The study's objectives were to evaluate the social and emotional development of children in both rural and urban locations, as well as to determine the impact of SES on these development factors. A total of 208 children aged between three and six years, comprising 104 from rural and 104 from urban areas, were chosen for the study. Children's social and emotional development was evaluated using the Transdiciplinary Play Based Assessment-2 instrument. The child's family's socioeconomic position was assessed using a Aggarwal Socio-economic status scale. A qualitative approach utilizing the naturalistic observation method was used to observe, analyze, and study the effects of play-based activities on social and emotional development. Naturalistic observations were produced by combining field notes from participant observation with video footage of kids playing in an unstructured manner. The findings showed that most kids in both urban and rural anganwadis were in the social and emotional development watch and worry category. The social and emotional development of children was shown to be significantly correlated with their socioeconomic level. According to the statistical analysis, preschoolers in both rural and urban areas showed a substantial relationship and difference. In both rural and urban settings, children from lower middle class families scored lower on social and emotional development and related domains than did children from upper middle class families.
Efficient Luminescence from Rare‐Earth Fluoride Nanoparticles with Optically Functional Shells
Authors: Lezhnina M. M. , Jüstel T. , Kätker H. , Wiechert D. U. , Kynast U. H.
Published: March 2006

Rare‐earth fluorides are a class of materials with considerable potential in optical applications. Fluoride lattices typically permit high coordination numbers for the hosted rare‐earth ions, and the high ionicity of the rare‐earth‐to‐fluorine bond leads to a wide bandgap and very low vibrational energies. These factors make rare‐earth fluorides very useful in optical applications employing vacuum ultraviolet and near‐infrared excitation. The preparation of nanometer‐sized particles has opened the door for new properties and devices if the performance of their macroscopic counterparts can be conserved in the nanometer regime. However, at small particle sizes, defect surface states and adhering water reduce the optical efficiency. These shortcomings can be reduced by applying protective shells around the luminescent cores, which can also be involved in the luminescent process.