bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seven-Core Fiber Composite Structures-Based Mach-Zehnder Interferometer for Bending and Temperature Measurement
Authors: Zhang Kai , Ling Qiang , Chen Yao , Luo Si , Zhang Yusheng , Zhou Yan , Feng Gaofeng , Yang Junyong , Yu Zhangwei , Chen Haiyun , Jiang Xiuli , Guan Zuguang , Chen Daru
Published: November 2024

In the paper, an optical fiber sensor based on a seven-core fiber composite structure is presented, which enables dual-parameter sensing of bending and temperature. The proposed structure is fabricated by combining the strongly-coupled seven-core fibers (SC-SCFs) and a weakly-coupled seven-core fiber (WC-SCF). The SC-SCF acts as a beam coupler and enhances the Mach-Zehnder interference, while the WC-SCF serves as the enhanced section of another Mach-Zehnder interference. Therefore, the spectrum response of the fiber structure mentioned above exhibits a superposition effect of two Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs). Among them, two dips corresponding to different MZIs are used to measure bending and temperature. The experimental results show the bending sensitivity and temperature sensitivity of the two MZIs are −4.238 nm/m−1, −2.263 nm/m−1, 0.047 nm/°C, and 0.064 nm/°C, respectively. It proves that our sensor is very sensitive to bending. Through the dual-wavelength matrix method, the bending and temperature can be measured simultaneously. With the benefit of the composite structure, low cost, and ease of fabrication, the proposed sensor can be used in harsh environments.
The fertile island effect is stronger for larger plants irrespective of ecosystem productivity
Authors: Fitzpatrick Callum , Stewart Jana , Sutton Andres , Eldridge David J.
Published: November 2024

Productivity and function of arid and semiarid ecosystems (drylands) are optimised when critical resources such as water, organic matter and nutrients are assembled into discrete patches known as fertile patches or fertile islands. The strength of these islands is greater when the focal island plants are larger, but it is unclear whether this size effect holds true within similar-sized island species or across gradients in productivity. We examined the strength of the fertile island effect beneath three shrub species of similar structure but varying size across a gradient in productivity from ranges (low productivity), to footslopes (intermediate) and plains (high productivity). We predicted that fertility effects would be greater for larger plants and under lower productivity. There was no evidence of a productivity effect, but the fertility island effect increased with shrub size, irrespective of species. Furthermore, the fertile island effect was stronger for plant-related attributes (plants and litter) than functions associated with either soil fertility or soil stability. Our results reinforce the notion that plant size is an important determinant of the extent to which perennial plants enhance their understorey environment, irrespective of productivity or species. This has important implications for restoration programmes involving shrub plantings where the aim is to enhance the functionality of degraded dryland systems.
The digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) in eggs and egg-containing breakfast meals is greater than in toast breads or hash browns served without eggs
Authors: Fanelli Natalia S. , Martins Juliana C. F. R. , Stein Hans H.
Published: November 2024

The objectives of this experiment were to determine the digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) for eggs cooked in different forms and in traditional egg-bread or egg-hash brown combinations, and to test the hypothesis that DIAAS in eggs is greater than in breads or potatoes. Nine ileal cannulated gilts (average initial body weight: 51.1 ± 6.0 kg) were allotted to a 9 × 6 Youden square design with nine diets and six 7-day periods. Fried egg, boiled egg, scrambled egg, English muffin, Texas toast, and hash brown were included in the experiment. Six diets each contained one source of protein and three diets were combinations of fried eggs and English muffin, boiled eggs and Texas toast, or scrambled egg and hash brown. A nitrogen-free diet was also used and fed to all pigs in one period. The standardised ileal digestibility (SID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) was calculated, and DIAAS was calculated for the individual ingredient and combined meals for children between 6 and 36 months and individuals older than 3 years. For both age groups, all cooked eggs had greater (P < 0.001) DIAAS compared with the other foods, and hash brown had greater (P < 0.001) DIAAS than both breads. All combined meals had DIAAS greater than 75 and there were no differences between measured and predicted DIAAS for the combined meals. In conclusion, eggs have ‘excellent’ protein quality for individuals older than 6 months and can compensate for the lower protein quality in plant-based foods, and DIAAS obtained from individual ingredients are additive in mixed meals.
Mathematics is Indisputably the Greatest Subject in the World
Authors: Chamberlain Nira
Published: November 2024

A good friend of mine asked, if mathematicians are not proud of their subject, then who on earth will be? No longer must our subject be seen as irrelevant, boring and a joke. And it starts in schools − full stop! Let’s call it as it is. Mathematics is Indisputably the Greatest Subject in the World.
A new biomechanical approach to cranial suture function: the role of contact elements in linear and nonlinear models
Authors: Garcia-Escolà Laia , Fortuny Josep , Marcé-Nogué Jordi
Published: November 2024

Understanding cranial sutures and how they relieve and dissipate stress is essential to assess their role in cranial biomechanics and to develop highly accurate predictive models. This involves examining how ontogeny affects cranial sutures, as well as their morphology and function, and how these changes through time may impact essential biomechanical loadings such as chewing or direct biting. In this work, we study the cranial sutures of Crocodylus niloticus in detail using contact elements under finite element analysis. Contact elements permit the creation of a physical relationship between two bones that are in contact and even the configuration of these relationships, for example, in terms of movement or flexibility. The definition of bone contacts may require linear and/or nonlinear computational solutions to attain higher accuracy. Herein, skull geometry is tested to determine how bones may be altered by different types of contacts under various conditions. As predicted, the absence of sutures or cranial kinesis leads to a reduction in stress distribution across the skull, whereas sutures and cranial kinesis help the skull relieve stress and prevent certain bones from sustaining high stress levels. The type of contact used in individual sutures has a significant effect on model outcomes. Additionally, feeding behaviors significantly impact cranial biomechanics, reflecting the influence of other variables that may be applied to the models. As highlighted by the results, in order to obtain accurate results when analyzing fossil taxa, the nature of the cranial sutures should be taken into account. Therefore, developing predictive models based on living taxa is invaluable, because it facilitates the study of extinct taxa for which there is a lack of information on the fibrous joints due to poor or no preservation in the fossil record.
Development of the Dutch Mediterranean-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) Diet and its scoring system, alongside the modification of a brief FFQ for assessing dietary adherence
Authors: Beers Sonja , van Houdt Sofie , de Jong Hanne B. T. , de Vries Jeanne H. M. , van de Rest Ondine , de Groot Lisette C. P. G. M. , de van der Schueren Marian A. E.
Published: November 2024

The Mediterranean-Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet is a dietary pattern designed to prevent cognitive decline. Dietary adherence is assessed with the MIND diet scoring system, which is currently based on the American diet and serving sizes. It is known that serving sizes and consumed food products differ between countries. Existing literature lacks reporting on food products included within the MIND diet and weight or volume equivalents corresponding to MIND diet servings, impeding accurate comparisons across studies. This study sought to overcome these limitations by evaluating MIND food products consumed in the Dutch context and developing a scoring system based on consumed quantities in weight or volume amounts rather than in standard serving amounts. The third objective was to modify an existing Dutch brief FFQ (Eetscore-FFQ) to evaluate adherence to the MIND diet. We translated nine of the fifteen MIND food groups directly to grams and volumes using the United States Department of Agriculture measurement conversion table. For the remaining food groups, we employed indirect translation to align them as closely as possible to the original MIND diet. These translated quantities in weight and volumes amounts were subsequently rounded to the nearest Dutch household measures, resulting in the culturally adapted MIND-NL diet scoring. The development of the MIND-NL-Eetscore-FFQ, comprising seventy-two food items (forty-one questions), is described. Our adaption approach is reproducible and can be used to customize the MIND diet scoring system to other cultures.
Joint angle synergy-based humanoid robot motion generation with fascia-inspired nonlinear constraints
Authors: Yu Shiqi , Nakata Yoshihiro , Nakamura Yutaka , Ishiguro Hiroshi
Published: November 2024

When generating simultaneous joint movements of a humanoid with multiple degrees of freedom to replicate human-like movements, the approach of joint synergy can facilitate the generation of whole-body robotic movement with a reduced number of control inputs. However, the trade-off of minimizing control inputs and keeping characteristics of movements makes it difficult to improve movement performance in a simple control manner. In this paper, we introduce an approach by connecting and constraining these joints. It is inspired by the fascia network of the human body, which constrains the whole-body movements of a human. Compared to when only joint synergy is used, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by calculating the errors of joint positions of generated movements and human movements. The paper provides a detailed exploration of the proposed method, presenting simulation-experimental results that affirm its effectiveness in generated movements that closely resemble human movements. Furthermore, we provide one possible method on how these concepts can be implemented in actual robotic hardware, offering a pathway to improve movement control in humanoid robots within their mechanical limitations.
Internet of Things and hybrid models-based interpretation systems for surface roughness estimation
Authors: Umamaheswara Raju R. S. , Kottala Ravi Kumar , Madhava Varma B. , Krishna Palla , Barmavatu Praveen
Published: November 2024

Face milling is performed on aluminum alloy A96061-T6 at diverse cutting parameters proposed by the design of experiments. Surface roughness is predicted by examining the effects of cutting parameters (CP), vibrations (Vib), and sound characteristics (SC). Sound characteristics based on surface roughness estimation determine the rarity of the work. In this study, a unique ANN-TLBO hybrid model (Artificial Neural Networks: Teaching Learning Based Algorithm) is created to predict the surface roughness from CP, Vib, and SC. To ascertain their correctness and efficacy in evaluating surface roughness, the performance of these models is evaluated. First off, the CP hybrid model demonstrated an amazing accuracy of 95.1%, demonstrating its capacity to offer trustworthy forecasts of surface roughness values. The Vib hybrid model, in addition, demonstrated a respectable accuracy of 85.4%. Although it was not as accurate as the CP model, it nevertheless showed promise in forecasting surface roughness. The SC-based hybrid model outperformed the other two models in terms of accuracy with a remarkable accuracy of 96.2%, making it the most trustworthy and efficient technique for assessing surface roughness in this investigation. An analysis of error percentages revealed the exceptional performance of SC-based Model-3, exhibiting an average error percentage of 3.77%. This outperformed Vib Model-2 (14.52%) and CP-based Model-1 (4.75%). The SC model is the best option, and given its outstanding accuracy, it may end up becoming the go-to technique for industrial applications needing accurate surface roughness measurement. The SC model’s exceptional performance highlights the importance of optimization strategies in improving the prediction capacities of ANN-based models, leading to significant advancements in the field of surface roughness assessment and related fields. An IoT platform is developed to link the model’s output with other systems. The system created eliminates the need for manual, physical surface roughness measurement and allows for the display of surface roughness data on the cloud and other platforms.
Factors associated with reported need of weight loss support among adults with overweight or obesity: results from a cross-sectional population study in 2022 in Sweden
Authors: Molarius Anu , Karlsson Jan
Published: November 2024

Objective:

The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with reported need of weight loss support among adults with overweight or obesity in the general population.

Design:

A cross-sectional population study based on a survey questionnaire sent to a random population sample. Multivariate odds ratios for reported need of weight loss support were calculated for socio-economic, lifestyle and health indicators, in total and by gender and age group.

Setting:

Five counties in Sweden in 2022.

Participants:

The study includes 10 069 persons with overweight or obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) aged 30–69 years. BMI was based on self-reported weight and height.

Results:

In total, about 20 % reported needing weight loss support. The factors most strongly associated with reported need of weight loss support were obesity and female gender. Lack of social support, economic difficulties, physical inactivity, poor self-rated health, musculoskeletal pain and depression were also associated with reported need of weight loss support, whereas diabetes and hypertension were not. Some differences in these associations were observed between age groups.

Conclusion:

Reported need of weight loss support is more common among women than among men and associated with obesity, lack of social support, economic difficulties, physical inactivity, poor self-rated health, musculoskeletal pain and depression in both genders. These factors are important for planning preventive and weight-control measures among adults with overweight or obesity.
Laboratory validation of a clinical metagenomic next-generation sequencing assay for respiratory virus detection and discovery
Authors: Tan Jessica Karielle , Servellita Venice , Stryke Doug , Kelly Emily , Streithorst Jessica , Sumimoto Nanami , Foresythe Abiodun , Huh Hee Jae , Nguyen Jenny , Oseguera Miriam , Brazer Noah , Tang Jack , Ingebrigtsen Danielle , Fung Becky , Reyes Helen , Hillberg Melissa , Chen Alice , Guevara Hugo , Yagi Shigeo , Morales Christina , Wadford Debra A. , Mourani Peter M. , Langelier Charles R. , de Lorenzi-Tognon Mikael , Benoit Patrick , Chiu Charles Y.
Published: November 2024

Tools for rapid identification of novel and/or emerging viruses are urgently needed for clinical diagnosis of unexplained infections and pandemic preparedness. Here we developed and clinically validated a largely automated metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) assay for agnostic detection of respiratory viral pathogens from upper respiratory swab and bronchoalveolar lavage samples in <24 h. The mNGS assay achieved mean limits of detection of 543 copies/mL, viral load quantification with 100% linearity, and 93.6% sensitivity, 93.8% specificity, and 93.7% accuracy compared to gold-standard clinical multiplex RT-PCR testing. Performance increased to 97.9% overall predictive agreement after discrepancy testing and clinical adjudication, which was superior to that of RT-PCR (95.0% agreement). To enable discovery of novel, sequence-divergent human viruses with pandemic potential, de novo assembly and translated nucleotide algorithms were incorporated into the automated SURPI+ computational pipeline used by the mNGS assay for pathogen detection. Using in silico analysis, we showed that after removal of all human viral sequences from the reference database, 70 (100%) of 70 representative human viral pathogens could still be identified based on homology to related animal or plant viruses. Our assay, which was granted breakthrough device designation from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in August of 2023, demonstrates the feasibility of routine mNGS testing in clinical and public health laboratories, thus facilitating a robust and rapid response to the next viral pandemic.
Robustness of quantum chaos and anomalous relaxation in open quantum circuits
Authors: Yoshimura Takato , Sá Lucas
Published: November 2024

Dissipation is a ubiquitous phenomenon that affects the fate of chaotic quantum many-body dynamics. Here, we show that chaos can be robust against dissipation but can also assist and anomalously enhance relaxation. We compute exactly the dissipative form factor of a generic Floquet quantum circuit with arbitrary on-site dissipation modeled by quantum channels and find that, for long enough times, the system always relaxes with two distinctive regimes characterized by the presence or absence of gap-closing. While the system can sustain a robust ramp for a long (but finite) time interval in the gap-closing regime, relaxation is “assisted” by quantum chaos in the regime where the gap remains nonzero. In the latter regime, we prove that, if the thermodynamic limit is taken first, the gap does not close even in the dissipationless limit. We complement our analytical findings with numerical results for quantum qubit circuits.
Hermetic hydrovoltaic cell sustained by internal water circulation
Authors: Yuan Renxuan , Li Huizeng , Zhao Zhipeng , Li An , Xue Luanluan , Li Kaixuan , Deng Xiao , Yu Xinye , Li Rujun , Liu Quan , Song Yanlin
Published: November 2024

Numerous efforts have been devoted to harvesting sustainable energy from environment. Among the promising renewable resources, ambient heat exhibits attractive prospects due to its ubiquity and inexhaustibility, and has been converted into electricity through water evaporation-induced hydrovoltaic approaches. However, current hydrovoltaic approaches function only in low-humidity environments and continuously consume water. Herein, we fabricate a hermetic hydrovoltaic cell (HHC) to harvest ambient heat, and have fully addressed the limitations posed by environmental conditions. Meanwhile, for the first time we develop an internal circulation hydrovoltaic mechanism. Taking advantage of the heterogeneous wicking bilayer structure, we verify that inside the hermetic cell, the ambient temperature fluctuation-induced evaporation and further the water circulation can persist, which sustains the hydrovoltaic effect to convert ambient heat into electricity. More importantly, the hermetic design enables the cell to work continuously and reliably for 160 h with negligible water consumption, unaffected by external influences such as wind and light, making it an excellent candidate for extreme situations such as water-scarce deserts, highly humid tropical rain forests, rainy days, and dark underground engineering. These findings provide an easily accessible and widely applicable route for stably harnessing renewable energy, and more notably, offer a novel paradigm toward leveraging low-grade ambient heat energy via circulation design.
A technocognitive approach to detecting fallacies in climate misinformation
Authors: Zanartu Francisco , Cook John , Wagner Markus , García Julian
Published: November 2024

Misinformation about climate change is a complex societal issue that requires holistic, interdisciplinary solutions at the intersection between technology and psychology. One proposed solution is a “technocognitive” approach, involving the synthesis of psychological and computer science research. Psychological research has identified that interventions that counter misinformation require both fact-based (e.g., factual explanations) and technique-based (e.g., explanations of misleading techniques and logical fallacies) content. However, little progress has been made on documenting and detecting fallacies in climate misinformation. In this study, we apply a previously developed critical thinking methodology for deconstructing climate misinformation in order to develop a dataset mapping examples of climate misinformation to reasoning fallacies. This dataset is used to train a model to detect fallacies in climate misinformation. We evaluate the model’s performance using the $$\text {F}_\text {1}$$

F
1

score, which measures how well the model detects relevant cases while avoiding irrelevant ones. Our study shows $$\text {F}_\text {1}$$

F
1

scores that are 2.5–3.5 times better than previous works. The fallacies that are easiest to detect include fake experts and anecdotal arguments, while fallacies that require background knowledge, such as oversimplification, misrepresentation, and slothful induction, are relatively more difficult to detect. This research lays the groundwork for development of solutions where automatically detected climate misinformation can be countered with generative technique-based corrections.
Sex-dependent effects of early life sensory overstimulation on later life behavioral function in rats
Authors: Porras Abishag , Rodney-Hernández Paolaenid , Jackson Jeffy , Nguyen Christine H. , Rincón-Cortés Millie
Published: November 2024

Children today are immersed in electronic technology shortly after birth as they now begin regularly watching television earlier than they did in the past. Many new programs geared towards infants contain lots of lights, color, and sounds, which may constitute a form of sensory overstimulation (SOS) that leads to cognitive and behavioral changes in children and adolescents. Here, we examined the impact of early life SOS exposure on later life behavioral and cognitive function in rodents by exposing developing male and female rats to excessive audiovisual stimulation from postnatal days (PND) 10–40 and assessing anxiety-like behavior, social motivation, compulsive behavior, and spatial learning/cognition from PND 50–60. To evaluate potential SOS effects on hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA)-axis function, levels of the stress hormone corticosterone (CORT) were measured at 3 timepoints (e.g., PND 23, 41, 61) post-SOS exposure. Sensory overstimulated males exhibited reduced anxiety-like and compulsive behavior compared to controls, whereas females exhibited reduced social motivation but enhanced spatial learning/cognition compared to controls. No differences in baseline CORT levels were found at any age tested, suggesting no impact of early life SOS on later life basal HPA-axis function. Our results demonstrate sex-specific effects of early life SOS on distinct behavioral domains in early adult rats.
The influence of body posture on facial expression perception in Autism
Authors: Finn Abigail , Shah Punit , de la Rosa Stephan , Teufel Christoph , von dem Hagen Elisabeth
Published: November 2024

Facial expression perception is influenced by body posture, with perception biased toward the body emotion. Previous research has suggested that the magnitude of this biasing influence of body posture is driven by individual differences in the precision of facial expression representations underlying discrimination abilities, where lower precision leads to a greater influence of body posture. It is unclear however whether similar mechanisms might drive the influence of contextual cues in Autism, which is often characterised by reduced facial expression discrimination abilities. Here, we addressed this question by using online psychophysical methods to determine the precision of isolated face and body expression representations of anger and disgust, and the influence of body on facial expression perception, in autistic and non-autistic adults. Both groups showed a strong influence of body context on facial expression perception, but this influence was larger in the autistic group, mirroring their lower overall precision of facial expression representations relative to non-autistic individuals. Crucially, the magnitude of the biasing influence of body posture in both groups was related to the precision of individuals’ facial expression representations. The results suggest that similar principles govern the integration of facial expression and body posture information in both autistic and non-autistic individuals.
Theoretical understanding of the in-plane tensile strain effects on enhancing the ferroelectric performance of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 and ZrO2 thin films
Authors: Ye Kun Hee , Jeong Taeyoung , Yoon Seungjae , Kim Dohyun , Hwang Cheol Seong , Choi Jung-Hae
Published: November 2024

The strain effects on the phase fractions and polarization in Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 and ZrO2 were investigated. Under tensile strain at low temperatures, the ferroelectric phase was stabilized, while the formation of other phases was kinetically inhibited.
Hydrodynamic slip in nanoconfined flows: a review of experimental, computational, and theoretical progress
Authors: Shuvo Abdul Aziz , Paniagua-Guerra Luis E. , Choi Juseok , Kim Seong H. , Ramos-Alvarado Bladimir
Published: November 2024

Knowledge map of hydrodynamic slip research: computational, theoretical, and experimental investigations to date.
Morphology of lithium halides in tetrahydrofuran from molecular dynamics with machine learning potentials
Authors: de Giovanetti Marinella , Hopen Eliasson Sondre Hilmar , Bore Sigbjørn Løland , Eisenstein Odile , Cascella Michele
Published: November 2024

Using machine-learning potentials with ab initio accuracy, molecular dynamics simulations predict a diversity of structures for lithium halogen salts dissolved in tetrahydrofuran – from more compact LiCl, to more dispersed LiI.
Synergetic effect of mild hypothermia and antioxidant treatment on ROS–mediated neuron injury under oxygen–glucose deprivation investigated by scanning electrochemical microscopy
Authors: Zhang Junjie , Liu Yulin , Zhao Yuxiang , Zhang Siyu , Xu Feng , Li Fei
Published: November 2024

Atmosphere and temperature controlled SECM monitored H2O2 and NO effluxes of HT22 cells under OGD and MH conditions with antioxidant treatment.
Effects of hydration water on bioresponsiveness of polymer interfaces revealed by analysis of linear and cyclic polymer-grafted substrates
Authors: Nishimura Shin-nosuke , Kurahashi Naoya , Shiomoto Shohei , Harada Yoshihisa , Tanaka Masaru
Published: November 2024

This study modified gold substrates with linear and cyclic poly(2-methoxyethyl acrylate) (PMEA) to model biomaterial surfaces. QCM, FM-AFM, and XES analyses suggest that control of the hydration state may influence tumor cell isolation.
Growth performance of selected and non-selected black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) on pond cultivation
Authors: Suwoyo Hidayat Suryanto , Sahabuddin Sahabuddin , Nawang Agus , Makmur Makmur , Sahrijanna Andi , Mulyaningrum Sri Redjeki Hesti , Ilham Ilham
Published: November 2024

This study will compare the growth rates of selected and non-selected tiger shrimp in pond cultivation. This study was carried out in four 2000-square-meter ponds in the experimental shrimp pond in Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi. The study used two treatments: selected tiger shrimp (A) and non-selected tiger shrimp (B). Tiger shrimp weighing 16.33 to 16.85 g were stocked at 0.5 individuals per m-2 and cultured for 90 days. During cultivation, these shrimps were administered commercial pelleted feed containing a protein dose of 36-38% (3-5%/body weight), applied twice daily, in the morning and evening. The variables observed were growth, coefficient of variation, survival rate, response selection, and water quality. The findings indicated that the selected black tiger shrimp exhibited superior growth performance compared to the non-selected black tiger shrimp. The weight gain of selected tiger shrimp was 13.96 g, with a specific growth rate of 0.67%.day-1, coefficient of variation of 22.83%, and survival rate of 77.50%. This value is higher by 14.66% in the weight character and 13.30% in the survival rate character compared to non-selected.
Effectiveness of a nanofiltration membrane-based recirculation system on growth and survival of asian redtail catfish (Hemibagrus nemurus) under various retentate treatments
Authors: Mulyadi  , Ayu Pamukas Niken , Adelina  , Putra Iskandar , Hidayah Sulaiman Nurul , Parmono Tri
Published: November 2024

Recirculated Aquaculture Systems (RAS) is an efficient, stable, and easily controllable method of aquaculture. By utilizing nanofiltration, these systems improve water quality in the pond, which in turn promotes better fish growth. The purpose of this study is to assess the optimal management of retentate flow in rearing systems utilizing nanofiltration membrane technology, aimed at improving the growth performance and survival rate of Asian redtail catfish. The research follows a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with one factor, five treatment levels and three repetitions. The treatment levels are as follows: P1 = discarding 40% of the retentate, P2 = discarding 50% of the retentate, P3 = discarding 60% of the retentate, P4 = discarding 70% of the retentate, and P5 = discarding 80% of the retentate. The best results were obtained in P2, with an average absolute weight growth of 6.45±0.42 g, absolute length growth of 4.79±0.19 cm, specific growth rate of 4.82±0.19%, feed efficiency of 77.35±1.08%, feed conversion ratio of 1.29±0.01, survival rate of 90.62±3.12%, and water quality within the rearing media suitable for Asian redtail catfish growth and survival. The glucose levels observed during the study ranged from 47 to 61 mg dL-1.
Disgestive enzyme profile of jelawat fish larvae (Leptobarbus hoevenii, Bleeker 1851)
Authors: Asiah Nur , Sukendi  , Nofrizal  , Khoirin Najah Masrurotul
Published: November 2024

The ability of fish larvae to digest the appropriate type of feed can be seen through enzymatic activity. The digestive tract contains active enzymes including amylase, lipase and protease. This research was conducted at the Fish Hatchery and Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Riau University and sample analysis at the Nutrition Laboratory, Bogor Agricultural Institute. The research aims to evaluate the ability of jelawat fish larvae (Leptobarbus hoevenii) to digest external feed through digestive enzymes. Newly hatched larvae are reared in fiber tanks measuring 2x1x0.5m with a density of 10,000 individuals, volume 1000 L. In rearing containers, larvae from 2 to 6 days old are given artemia food, starting from 7 days old they are given artificial F0 food. Feed was given twice a day in the morning and evening ad libitum. Observations were made on 0 day old larvae (D-0), (D-1) – (D-4), (D-6) and (D-8). Observation of protease, amylase and lipase enzyme profiles was carried out by sampling 1 gram of larvae. The results of observations on the activity of amylase, lipase and protease enzymes in jelawat fish were positively correlated with larval growth. Digestive enzyme activity increases when the larvae receive food from outside the body.
Enhancing the utility of freshwater mussel (Pilsbryoconcha sp.) Shell waste as an abrasive substance in toothpaste
Authors: Sidauruk Santhy Wisuda , Leksono Tjipto , Siregar Rizky Febriansyah , Ira Sari Noor , Oktavia Stephanie
Published: November 2024

Untapped potential lies in the solid waste of freshwater mussel shells. Indeed, the shells possess a substantial amount of calcium. Valorization is essential for enhancing added value by utilizing calcium as an abrasive ingredient in toothpaste. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of toothpaste containing abrasive components derived from freshwater mussel shells. The research procedure consisted of the production of CaO flour and the synthesis of hydroxyapatite through the calcination method. The test parameters consisted of evaluation of toothpaste preparations, analysis of calcium content, and antibacterial activity of S. aureus in 4 toothpaste formulations, namely T1 (CaO flour), T2 (commercial CaCO3), T3 (hydroxyapatite), and T4 (commercial toothpaste). Except for treatment T1, the results demonstrated that toothpaste’s pH, spreadability, and foam formation fulfilled toothpaste quality standards. Every treatment’s toothpaste had a homogenous paste with good cleaning abilities. Treatment T2 had the greatest calcium level in toothpaste, measuring 2132.5 ppm. Subsequently, toothpaste T3 and T4 had antibacterial properties, however T1 and T2 did not possess any antibacterial action. The toothpaste formulation including hydroxyapatite as an abrasive, known as treatment T3, can be determined as the most effective.
The effect of addition of biostarter “bekasam” on the quality and characteristics of fermented catfish (Pangasius sp.) sausage
Authors: Leksono Tjipto , Wisuda Sidauruk Santhy , Ira Sari Noor , Febriansyah Siregar Rizky , Lamria Esra
Published: November 2024

Fermented fish sausage is one of the processed fish meat products that utilizes the role of Lactic Acid Bacterias (LABs). To accelerate the fermentation process of sausages, it is necessary to add a starter culture in the form of a fermented fish substrate (bekasam) which contains a lot of lactic acid bacterias. This research was conducted using an experimental method and arranged using a Randomized Block Design (RBD). The treatments applied were differences in the concentration of bekasam added, as much as 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% of the weight of the fish meat, then fermented at room temperature for 6 days. The results showed that the treatment of adding bekasam substrate with a concentration of 4-6% produced the best fermented catfish sausage, which was mostly preferred by panelists. The best fermented sausages produced was characterized with attractive appearance, uniform, consistent, and bright, smell fermented product aroma, a spicy but no fishy aroma, a delicious taste, quite sour as fermented tasted, with quite soft and compact texture. The fermented sausages have pH value 5.00, Aw value 0.77, total acid content 0.66%, TVB-N value 12.31 mgN/100 gs and total LABs obtained 6.9 x 106 cfu/g.
Determining the Applicability of Milkfish (Chanos chanos) for Skin Grafting through Microbiological and Histological Evaluations
Authors: Ragaza Janice Alano , Go Bianca Patrice C.
Published: November 2024

Tilapia fish skin, rich in Type I collagen, has been shown to accelerate wound healing, reduce infection rates, and create an optimal environment for wound care. However, the potential application of other fish species, like milkfish, for skin grafting remains underexplored. Milkfish (C. chanos), an economically significant species in the Philippines, could expand the donor pool for fish skin grafting, addressing the accessibility issues in resource-limited regions where traditional graft materials may be costly or scarce. The current study investigates the feasibility of applying tilapia fish skin sterilization techniques to milkfish skin. Collected and prepared milkfish skin was subjected to a sterilization process using an established protocol for silver nanoparticle synthesis and characterization, to ensure sterility without compromising collagen integrity. Microbiological and histological evaluations were conducted to determine the collagen quality and sterility of milkfish skin. The results indicate that milkfish skin, after undergoing the same sterilization procedures as tilapia skin, maintained high collagen integrity and was free from microbial contamination. By demonstrating that milkfish skin can be effectively sterilized and used similarly to tilapia skin, this research provides innovative, cost-effective, and sustainable wound-healing solutions. This finding has the potential to transform wound care in underserved areas, improving patient outcomes in regions with limited access to advanced medical facilities.
Condition of Waters in Pejarakan Mangrove Ecosystem, Buleleng, Bali Based on Water Quality Status
Authors: Mahmudi Rangkuti Najah , Boer Mennofatria , Sulistiono Sulistiono , Samosir Agustinus M. , Hariyadi Sigid
Published: November 2024

Pejarakan mangrove ecosystem area, Bali is one of the largest mangrove forests in Buleleng Regency and is managed for conservation and education. The input of anthropogenic waste or farming activities around the area can affect changes in water quality. This study aims to evaluate the condition of the waters which includes several physical and chemical parameters as a basis for determining the status of water quality in the area. The research was conducted in Pejarakan mangrove area, Bali at 6 station points since September 2022, January 2023, September 2023, and January 2024. The analysis method used is the pollution index (IP). Based on the observation results, pH (7.47-8.49), DO (3-7.6 mg/L), turbidity (0.17-18.75 mg/L), TSS (2.8- 38.6 mg/L), nitrate (0.02-0.05 mg/L), ammonia (0.05-0.5 mg/L), total phosphate (0.01- 0.75 mg/L), temperature (28.7-37.4°C), were obtained, generally the waters were mildly polluted for the pollution index (IP) method.
Integration of generative artificial intelligence and Google Earth Engine for mangrove land cover mapping
Authors: Jhonnerie Romie , Oktorini Yossi , Volcherina Darlis Viny , Pebriandi Pebriandi , Prianto Eko , Fatmawati Riska , Nofrizal Nofrizal , Ramses Ramses , Miswadi Miswadi , Rahmatdillah Rahmatdillah
Published: November 2024

Mangrove ecosystems, crucial for coastal sustainability, are threatened by human activities, underscoring the need for accurate mapping for effective conservation. This research explores the novel integration of generative artificial intelligence, specifically Microsoft Copilot, with Google Earth Engine (GEE) for mapping mangrove land cover in Kembung River, Bengkalis Island, Indonesia. The methodology leverages Copilot’s natural language processing capabilities to generate GEE JavaScript code, streamlining the process of Sentinel-2 imagery processing and land cover classification using the Random Forest algorithm. Copilot assists in automating complex coding tasks, reducing development time and potential human errors. However, challenges emerge in hyperparameter tuning within GEE’s computational constraints. The results demonstrate an overall accuracy of 84.4% (Kappa = 0.794) in identifying nine land cover classes, with mangroves covering 46.6% of the study area. This innovative approach enhances mangrove mapping efficiency and accuracy, paving the way for improved monitoring and conservation. The study also highlights the potential of AI in environmental science applications, particularly in conservation. Future research should optimize Copilot’s performance for advanced geospatial tasks, address spectral variability challenges, and explore its applicability across diverse ecosystems. This study contributes to mangrove conservation efforts and demonstrates the potential of AI-assisted coding in environmental science applications.
Diversity of Carotenoid Pigmented Marine Photosynthetic Bacteria in the Dumai Sea Waters
Authors: Mardhiah Batubara Ummi , Nursyirwani Nursyirwani , Nurrachmi Irvina , Simanjuntak Naomi Heberin Br , Javayu Defitra Hersa , Hasibuan Arisandi , Ramadhanu George Jonathan
Published: November 2024

Marine photosynthetic bacteria represent autotrophic microorganisms capable of synthesizing natural pigments. This study aims to explore the diversity of carotenoid-pigmented marine photosynthetic bacteria in the Dumai Sea waters, Riau Province, Indonesia. The research method was a survey using marine surface water as samples from six locations. The research was conducted in four primary phases: 1) measurement of environmental conditions; 2) enrichment and isolation of marine photosynthetic bacteria; 3) enumeration of total bacteria; and 4) analysis of pigments colour production. Isolation results and population density measurements of photosynthetic bacteria revealed fascinating patterns. The highest cell count was observed at fish auctions (sampling site 2), while the lowest cell count was recorded near a river estuary (sampling site 6). Detailed characterization studies identified ten isolates capable of producing natural carotenoid pigments exhibiting colours ranging from pink to deep red. These findings contribute to the understanding of marine microbial diversity and the potential of bacteria for biotechnology products, aquaculture, and medical applications.
Caspian-sea ecotourism potential: Sustainable development and conservation perspectives
Authors: Mammadova Ulviyya
Published: November 2024

This paper presents the ecotourism potential of the Caspian Sea and its use in the context of sustainable development. The Azerbaijani sector is located in the southwestern part of the Caspian Sea and constitutes approximately 20-25% of the entire sea. The Caspian Sea is a vast body of water with rare biological diversity and unique ecosystems. The paper investigates how these natural resources can be used for ecotourism purposes and how conservation measures can be implemented alongside this. In particular, integrated strategies and management models are proposed to protect marine ecosystems while enhancing the socio-economic well-being of local communities. Research results show that ecotourism can be a tool to ensure sustainable development in the Caspian Sea region and support the long-term protection of ecosystems. The paper provides practical recommendations for researchers, planners, and policymakers who wish to explore the potential of ecotourism in the Caspian Sea. The ecotourism potential of the Caspian Sea includes opportunities to explore unique ecosystems, observe migratory birds, visit national parks and protected areas, engage with marine and coastal ecosystems, appreciate cultural and historical values, and participate in health tourism, all of which can contribute to nature conservation and the economic development of local communities. In the Caspian Sea ecotourism, marine tourism, cultural and historical tourism, health and wellness tourism, and birdwatching tourism can be developed.
Antibacterial efficacy of Clidemia hirta leaf extract against pathogenic fish bacteria
Authors: Setiaji Jarod , Febrian Prakoso Valentio , Heriyanto  , Melati Hisra , Azhari Handika , Nur Ramadhan Anugrah , Muhammad Samin Saproni
Published: November 2024

Bacterial diseases pose a serious threat to aquatic ecosystems, and the use of antibiotics to address these problems can have harmful effects on both fish and their environment. Therefore, there is an increasing demand for safe natural alternatives to treat fish diseases. This research investigates the antibacterial properties of an extract from Clidemia hirta against various bacterial strains, including A. salmonicida, P. aeruginosa, E. ictaluri, A. hydrophila, V. alginolyticus, and E. tarda. Phytochemical analysis of the extract identified the presence of phenolic compounds, terpenoids, saponins, and flavonoids. The antibacterial effectiveness of the C. hirta extract was assessed using the agar diffusion method at concentrations of 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mg/mL. The findings indicated that the extract significantly inhibited the growth of A. salmonicida (16.5 mm to 23.3 mm), P. aeruginosa (17.3 mm to 23.5 mm), E. ictaluri (15.3 mm to 23.5 mm), A. hydrophila (15.3 mm to 21.8 mm), V. alginolyticus (16.8 mm to 22.8 mm), and E. tarda (15.0 mm to 22.8 mm). In summary, the extract from C. hirta shows potential as a natural agent to control pathogenic bacteria affecting fish.
Antibiotic resistance and molecular identification of dominant bacteria associated with loose shell syndrome in mangrove crabs (Scylla spp.)
Authors: Villarias Ma. Patricia , Gabuat Hans Gabriel , Romey Maria Theresa , Pakingking Rolando , Ynion Gene Philip Levee , Fagutao Fernand , Suharman Indra , Caipang Christopher Marlowe
Published: November 2024

The emergence of loose shell syndrome (LSS) in Philippine mangrove crabs poses a serious threat to both the aquaculture industry and the delicate ecosystems it relies on. This study aimed to identify dominant bacteria associated with LSS and assess their antibiotic resistance to guide treatment and prevention strategies while safeguarding public health. Mangrove crab samples with loose carapace were collected from the province of Capiz, Philippines. Dominant bacteria that grew on Thiosulfate– Citrate–Bile Salts–Sucrose (TCBS) and modified chitin agar were isolated and identified by sequencing of the16S rRNA. Antibiotic susceptibility of the dominant bacterial isolates was performed using the agar disk diffusion method. Dominant bacteria that grew on TCBS agar included putative Vibrio, Proteus, Shewanella, and Stutzerimonas. The isolates had antibiotic resistance indices (ARI) ranging 0.8 to 1.2. Chitinolytic bacteria were dominated by Vibrio, Shewanella, and Brevundimonas. Both Vibrio and Brevundimonas exhibited resistance to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and norfloxacin, while Shewanella showed resistance to ciprofloxacin. The presence of multi-drug resistant bacteria in LSS-affected crabs highlights the urgent need for effective health management strategies in the industry while mitigating the risks associated with antibiotic resistance to protect both the sustainability of mangrove crab aquaculture and the health of consumers.
Unraveling cultural economies and power dynamics: An in-depth anthropological study of anchovy fishing in north sumatran coastal commumity
Authors: Ginting Jonson Handrian , Anwar Hairul , Afrida Afrida
Published: November 2024

This study explores the power dynamics in the anchovy fishing system of Tanjungbalai, North Sumatra, focusing on the interactions between tekong (ship captains), crew members, and midleman. Using an ethnographic approach, researchers immersed themselves in the fishing community, conducting participatory observations, in-depth interviews, and gathering secondary data from transaction records and debt contracts. The findings reveal that power relations are heavily influenced by market mechanisms, with middlemen emerging as dominant figures in the production chain. By controlling prices and distribution, middlemen extract surplus value from the catch without providing fishing gear or participating directly in the fishing process. This situation is exacerbated by a debt capital system, where fishermen borrow start-up capital from middlemen and repay it with their catch. This system perpetuates a cycle of debt, forcing fishermen to remain dependent on middlemen. The research concludes that this production model creates a “vicious circle,” trapping fishermen in economic dependence and declining welfare while middlemen continue to consolidate their power.