bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Wile E. to Wall-E: Computer-Animated Film Comedy
Authors: Holliday Christopher
Published: January 2019

Chapter Eight argues how comedy is worked into the stable, solid genre elements of the computer-animated film in particular ways, leading to a range of comedic orthodoxies that both define, and are defined by, the specificities of these specific screen worlds. Building on pre-existing typologies of animated comedy, and scholarship on the evolution of the American cartoon during the 1940s, this chapter introduces the exceptional comic arsenal of computer-animated films that often departs from ‘crazy’ disruptions of spatio-temporal unity and unorthodox patterns of ‘cartoonal’ behaviour. The chapter argues that in the computer-animated film, exaggerated degrees of physical distortion and degradation of the animated body operate outside the agenda of a Luxo world. The genre instead establishes a new comic modality rooted in other common features: a tendency towards cross-species couplings as a reinvigoration of the “bi-racial” buddy movie popular in 1980s Hollywood; the enhanced role of verbal comedy through performative connections with “comedian comedy” and casting practices of stand-up comedians; and the comic role of multi-faceted personality types in relation to theories of character structure derived from twentieth-century psychiatric therapy and biogenetics.
William Gilpin: A Classical Eye for the Picturesque
Authors: Doody Margaret
Published: January 2019

This essay traces William Gilpin’s responsive and rhetorical use of classical quotation in his travel writings. There he develops and establishes the new aesthetic idea of “the picturesque”. Gilpin validates his establishment of a new aesthetic by anchoring his (and our) sensibilities in classical verse, including Virgil’s. The picturesque, it seems, is no break with the past—it is classical. It reprehends the vulgar. At times, however, Gilpin refrains from classical allusion where it might seem an obvious resort, apparently keeping his territory and territorial ideas free for a purely English occupation. He may even transform his classical material into subordinate sources of heavy fact, saving the exploration and imagination for himself.
Remaking the Republic of Letters: James McCune Smith and the Classical Tradition
Authors: Stauffer John
Published: January 2019

James McCune Smith, a leading black abolitionist, physician, and intellectual in nineteenth-century America, believed that classical literature could help Americans abolish slavery. Fluent in Greek and Latin, McCune Smith believed that the ancients offered cautionary tales for Americans. Their writings emphasized the urgency of abolishing slavery in America and establishing a “pure Republic” rather than another slave republic. With inspiration from the classical tradition, the U.S. could create a new “republic of letters” defined by a new vision of freedom and democracy. McCune Smith articulated this vision in the abolitionist press, most notably in Frederick Douglass’s Paper, in which he drew heavily from Anacreon, Terence, Virgil, Demosthenes, and Aristotle. The classical tradition could empower blacks and women as much as senators and statesmen.
Coleridge’s Rome
Authors: Sachs Jonathan
Published: January 2019

Coleridge’s comparison between Napoleonic France and imperial Rome seeks to understand “revolutionary time,” that ostensibly new sense of time considered as a product of the French Revolution that sees the future as freed from past precedent. In the context of this seeming rupture between past and present, Coleridge associates the Roman transition from republic to empire with a particular pace and rate of change, and with slowness generally, a slowness that serves as a marked contrast to the apparent speed of his present moment. This chapter shows how Coleridge’s slow time is inextricable from the seeming speed and acceleration with which events were understood to develop in the aftermath of the French Revolution, in modernity. Coleridge returns processes of slow and gradual change into the French Revolution’s seeming rupture with the past.
Reading Stein’s Genders: Multiple Identifications in the 1900s
Authors: Coffman Chris
Published: January 2019

This is the first of two chapters that examine ways Stein’s increasingly experimental writings during the first three decades of the twentieth century gradually work through dominant early twentieth-century genders, loosening up and ultimately rejecting the rigid constructs of masculinity she encountered in Otto Weininger’s misogynist Sex and Character. Chapter Two focuses on cross-gendered identification in Stein’s earliest literary efforts—the prose narratives Fernhurst (1904-5), Q.E.D. (1903), and Three Lives (1909). In these works, Stein rejects the category “woman” while questioning the limitations of patriarchal ideologies about masculinity and femininity alike.
Reading Stein’s Genders: Transmasculine Signification in the 1910s and 1920s
Authors: Coffman Chris
Published: January 2019

This is the second of two chapters that examine ways Stein’s increasingly experimental writings during the first three decades of the twentieth century gradually work through dominant early twentieth-century genders, loosening up rigid constructs of masculinity she encountered in Otto Weininger’s misogynist Sex and Character. Chapter Three argues that her innovative writings from the 1910’s and 1920’s—such as the long poems “Lifting Belly” and “Patriarchal Poetry” (1927)—use Toklas’s feminine positioning to establish Stein’s masculinity. Whereas Stein’s earlier fiction presented more subtle challenges to Weininger, Stein’s experimental poems from the 1910’s and 1920’s explicitly and jubilantly use linguistic innovation to articulate a flexible and feminist transmasculinity.
Coda: Gertrude Stein Icon
Authors: Coffman Chris
Published: January 2019

The coda expands on the implications of the textual and visual artefacts of Stein’s masculine homosocial desires by cross-reading her ambivalent reflections on celebrity in Everybody’s Autobiography (1936) with her frequent appearances in the public consciousness from 2011 to 2012. Although Chapter One showed that by the early twenty-first century Stein had emerged as an icon both of modernism and of queer culture, that high standing has recently been challenged because of her homonational attitudes and masculine homosocial bonds with Vichy collaborator Bernard Fäy. If Gertrude Stein’s Masculinity uses psychoanalytic theory to present Stein as an important character in the stories of modernism and queer theory, that story will continue as she circulates into new contexts. As she does so, there will likely be further changes to the ways that her masculinity is made available for view, with unpredictable consequences for her iconicity.
Radio Galaxies—The TeV Challenge
Authors: Rani Bindu
Published: January 2019

Over the past decade, our knowledge of the γ -ray sky has been revolutionized by ground- and space-based observatories by detecting photons up to several hundreds of tera-electron volt (TeV) energies. A major population of the γ -ray bright objects are active galactic nuclei (AGN) with their relativistic jets pointed along our line-of-sight. Gamma-ray emission is also detected from nearby misaligned AGN such as radio galaxies. While the TeV-detected radio galaxies ( T e V R a d ) only form a small fraction of the γ -ray detected AGN, their multi-wavelength study offers a unique opportunity to probe and pinpoint the high-energy emission processes and sites. Even in the absence of substantial Doppler beaming T e V R a d are extremely bright objects in the TeV sky (luminosities detected up to 10 45 erg s − 1 ), and exhibit flux variations on timescales shorter than the event-horizon scales (flux doubling timescale less than 5 min). Thanks to the recent advancement in the imaging capabilities of high-resolution radio interferometry (millimeter very long baseline interferometry, mm-VLBI), one can probe the scales down to less than 10 gravitational radii in T e V R a d , making it possible not only to test jet launching models but also to pinpoint the high-energy emission sites and to unravel the emission mechanisms. This review provides an overview of the high-energy observations of T e V R a d with a focus on the emitting sites and radiation processes. Some recent approaches in simulations are also sketched. Observations by the near-future facilities like Cherenkov Telescope Array, short millimeter-VLBI, and high-energy polarimetry instruments will be crucial for discriminating the competing high-energy emission models.
Wearable Ultrafine Particle and Noise Monitoring Sensors Jointly Measure Personal Co-Exposures in a Pediatric Population
Authors: Leaffer Douglas , Wolfe Christopher , Doroff Steve , Gute David , Wang Grace , Ryan Patrick
Published: January 2019

Epidemiological studies have linked both traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) and noise to adverse health outcomes, including increased blood pressure, myocardial infarction, and respiratory health. The high correlation between these environmental exposures and their measurement challenges have constrained research on how simultaneous exposure to TRAP and traffic noise interact and possibly enhance each other’s effect. The objective of this study was to deploy two novel personal sensors for measuring ultrafine particles (UFP, <100 nm diameter) and noise to concurrently monitor real-time exposures. Personal UFP monitors (PUFP, Enmont, LLC) were paired with NEATVIBEwear™ (Noise Exposure, Activity-Time and Vibration wearable), a personal noise monitoring device developed by the authors (Douglas Leaffer, Steve Doroff). A field-test of PUFP monitors co-deployed with NEATVIBEwear logged UFP, noise and ambient temperature exposure levels at 1-s resolution in an adolescent population in Cincinnati, OH to measure real-time exposures in microenvironments (transit, home, school). Preliminary results show that the concurrent measurement of noise exposures with UFP is feasible in a sample of physically active adolescent participants. Personal measurements of UFP and noise, measured prospectively in future studies, will enable researchers to investigate the independent and/or joint-effects of these health-relevant environmental exposures.
Thioridazine Enhances P62-Mediated Autophagy and Apoptosis Through Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Glioma Cells
Authors: Chu Cheng-Wei , Ko Huey-Jiun , Chou Chia-Hua , Cheng Tai-Shan , Cheng Hui-Wen , Liang Yu-Hsin , Lai Yun-Ling , Lin Chen-Yen , Wang Chihuei , Loh Joon-Khim , Cheng Jiin-Tsuey , Chiou Shean-Jaw , Su Chun-Li , Huang Chi-Ying F. , Hong Yi-Ren
Published: January 2019

Thioridazine (THD) is a common phenothiazine antipsychotic drug reported to suppress growth in several types of cancer cells. We previously showed that THD acts as an antiglioblastoma and anticancer stem-like cell agent. However, the signaling pathway underlying autophagy and apoptosis induction remains unclear. THD treatment significantly induced autophagy with upregulated AMPK activity and engendered cell death with increased sub-G1 in glioblastoma multiform (GBM) cell lines. Notably, through whole gene expression screening with THD treatment, frizzled (Fzd) proteins, a family of G-protein-coupled receptors, were found, suggesting the participation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. After THD treatment, Fzd-1 and GSK3β-S9 phosphorylation (inactivated form) was reduced to promote β-catenin degradation, which attenuated P62 inhibition. The autophagy marker LC3-II markedly increased when P62 was released from β-catenin inhibition. Additionally, the P62-dependent caspase-8 activation that induced P53-independent apoptosis was confirmed by inhibiting T-cell factor/β-catenin and autophagy flux. Moreover, treatment with THD combined with temozolomide (TMZ) engendered increased LC3-II expression and caspase-3 activity, indicating promising drug synergism. In conclusion, THD induces autophagy in GBM cells by not only upregulating AMPK activity, but also enhancing P62-mediated autophagy and apoptosis through Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Therefore, THD is a potential alternative therapeutic agent for drug repositioning in GBM.
Aptamer-Based Fluorometric Ochratoxin A Assay Based on Photoinduced Electron Transfer
Authors: Zhao Han , Xiang Xinying , Chen Mingjian , Ma Changbei
Published: January 2019

This study describes a novel quencher-free fluorescent method for ochratoxin A (OTA) detection based on the photoinduced electron transfer (PIET) between guanine and fluorophore. In the absence of OTA, carboxyfluorescein (FAM)-labeled aptamer can partly hybridize with the complementary strand of OTA aptamer (OTA-cAPT), which contains four guanines at its 3′-end. As a result, the fluorescence of FAM is quenched due to PIET and stacked guanines. In the presence of OTA, FAM-labeled OTA aptamer can bind specifically to OTA, and thereby the high fluorescence intensity of the dye can be maintained. Under the optimal conditions, the method had a detection limit of 1.3 nM. In addition, the method we proposed is highly sensitive and specific for OTA. Furthermore, the method was proven to be reliable based on its successful application in the detection of OTA in red wine samples. Therefore, this promising, facile, and quencher-free method may be applied to detect other toxins by using other appropriate aptamers.
Effluent Water Reuse Possibilities in Northern Cyprus
Authors: Elkiran Gozen , Aslanova Fidan , Hiziroglu Salim
Published: January 2019

Northern Cyprus (NC) is suffering from limited water resources and reiterated drought condition experiences due to global warming effects. Previous studies revealed that the water management policy in the country is not sustainable from the perspective of demand and balance. Apparently, the reuse of recycled water will be an alternative resource and can be utilized for some specific purposes to reduce water extraction from the ground. It is expected that treated wastewater will reach 20 million cubic meters (MCM) per year after the completion of the new sewage system for Lefkosa. Today, 20,000 m3 of wastewater is treated at the Lefkosa Central Treatment Plant up to the secondary treatment level, in which the degree of treatment varies from 60% to 95% owing to the weather conditions in the country during the year. Effluent water reuse in NC was not accepted due to cultural belief. However, water scarcity was experienced in the country during the last decade, forcing the farmers to benefit from the recycled water. There is no regulatory framework available in the country for effluent water reuse. However, preparation studies are almost finalized after discussions among government and European Union (EU) agencies. Cyprus, as an EU country, has an obligation to treat the wastewater up to the secondary level before releasing it in an environmentally friendly nature, following the Directive 91/271/EEC. This paper analyzes the effluent water reuse possibilities as a component of integrated water resource management in Northern Cyprus considering laboratory experiment results. It appears that applying tertiary treatment in Northern Cyprus will allow 20 MCM of water contribution to the water budget and it will help protect the vulnerable environment. Also, since the cost of tertiary treatment will be 0.2 United States dollars (USD)/m3, it would be reasonable to prefer this process to the desalination of water, which costs of 1 USD/m3.
Fluid Tonicity Affects Peritoneal Characteristics Derived by 3-PORE Model
Authors: Stachowska-Pietka Joanna , Poleszczuk Jan , Teixido-Planas Josep , Bonet-Sol Josep , Troya-Saborido Maria I. , Waniewski Jacek
Published: January 2019

Background

It is typically assumed that within short time-frames, patient-specific peritoneal membrane characteristics are constant and do not depend on the initial fluid tonicity and dwell duration. The aim of this study was to check whether this assumption holds when membrane properties are estimated using the 3-pore model (3PM).

Methods

Thirty-two stable peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients underwent 3 8-hour peritoneal equilibration tests (PETs) with different glucose-based solutions (1.36%, 2.27%, and 3.86%). Temporary drainage was performed at 1 and 4 hours. Glucose, urea, creatinine, sodium, and phosphate concentrations were measured in dialysate and blood samples. Three-pore model parameters were estimated for each patient and each 8-hour PET separately. In addition, model parameters were estimated using data truncated to the initial 4 hours of peritoneal dwell.

Results

In all cases, model-estimated parameter values were within previously reported ranges. The peritoneal absorption (PA) and diffusive permeability for all solutes except sodium increased with fluid tonicity, with about 18% increase when switching from glucose 2.27% to 3.86%. Glucose peritoneal reflection coefficient and osmotic conductance (OsmCond), and fraction of hydraulic conductance for ultrasmall pores decreased with fluid tonicity (over 40% when switching from glucose 1.36%). Model fitting to the truncated 4-hour data resulted in little change in the parameters, except for PA, peritoneal hydraulic conductance, and OsmCond, for which higher values for the 4-hour dwell were found.

Conclusion

Initial fluid tonicity has a substantial impact on the 3PM-estimated characteristics of the peritoneal membrane, whereas the impact of dwell duration was relatively small and possibly influenced by the change in the patient's activity.
B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Levels and Cardiac Dysfunction in Children on Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Park Young Seo , Baek Jae Suk , Yu Jeong Jin , Kim Young-Hwue , Ko Jae-Kon , Lee Joo Hoon
Published: January 2019

Background

Abnormalities in left ventricular (LV) structure and function are prevalent in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD). The risk of cardiovascular mortality is also 10 – 20 times higher in PD patients than in age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects.

Methods

Echocardiography was performed annually or every 6 months for children on PD; the frequency was increased if the patient had hypertension or any heart problem. We retrospectively reviewed echocardiographic findings of these children (since February 2005) by chart review. The linear regression analysis of log(B-type natriuretic peptide, BNP) was performed to evaluate the association between serum BNP and cardiac parameters on echocardiography.

Results

We enrolled 52 patients and evaluated 169 echocardiographic findings in association with serum BNP levels. Systolic blood pressure (adjusted R2 = 0.321), diastolic blood pressure (adjusted R2 = 0.292), LV posterior wall thickness at diastole (0.058), LV posterior wall thickness at systole (0.038), LV internal diameter at diastole (0.177), LV internal diameter at systole (0.132), LV mass index (0.122), thickness of interventricular septum at diastole (0.035), the left atrial (LA) diameter (0.201), LA/aorta diameter ratio (0.113), lateral E/E’ (0.229), and lateral A'/E’ (0.149) showed positive correlation with log(BNP); conversely, LV fractional shortening (FS) (0.065), LV ejection fraction (0.082), right ventricular internal diameter at diastole (0.184), right ventricular fractional shortening (0.754), lateral S’ (0.179), and lateral E’ (0.161) showed negative correlation with log(BNP).

Conclusions

Routine measurement of serum BNP is recommended in children on PD to evaluate the risk of morphological and functional cardiac problems.
Carbapenems Resistance among Gram Negative Bacteria Isolated from Poultry Samples in Gaza - Palestine
Authors: Elmanama Abdelraouf A , Al-Reefi Mariam R. , Shamali Madleen A. , Hemaid Haya I
Published: January 2019

Background: Food is fundamental for everyone’s life. Therefore, the safety of food we consume is a priority. Gram-negative bacteria are important and common cause of human infections and could be transmitted through food handling and consumption. Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative (CRGN) bacteria are becoming a global threat. Infections caused by CRGN are hard to cure because the carbapenems are last resort drugs for treatment. The main objective of this research is to determine the occurrence of Carbapenem-resistance among Gram-negative bacteria from poultry samples.

Results:  Two hundred twenty samples (chicken litters, water, chicken feed, and intestinal content) were collected from slaughterhouses, farms, and homes from different locations in Gaza strip. Samples were cultured onto MacConkey and Blood agar plates. Gram negative isolates were identified using conventional techniques. Disk diffusion method (based on CLSI recommendations) was used to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility against 14 antimicrobials including two carbapenems (Meropenem and imipenem). Carbapenemase production was detected by the Modified Hodge Test (MHT). The Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index for each isolate was calculated.

Escherichia species were the most frequent isolates (39.5%), followed by non-lactose fermenting Enterobacteriaceae (29.5%), other lactose fermenting Enterobacteriaceae (29%). The lowest frequency was for non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli (4.8%). Most isolates were resistant to most antimicrobial agents tested. A prominent exception was observed with meropenem, and amikacin with only 4% resistance. 41 isolates (34.7%) were resistance to imipenem. High level of intermediate results was detected for imipenem (45.2%). Among 124 isolates, 44 carbapenem-resistant (35.5%) were detected. None of the five meropenem resistant isolates and only five out of the 43 imipenem resistance isolates tested positive for carbapenemase production. Most isolates showed resistance to three or more antibiotics and are regarded as multidrug resistant strains. MDR isolates were present in 117 isolates (94.3%) with MARI index (higher than 0.3).

Conclusion: Resistance to carbapenems as well as to other antimicrobials was high among GNB isolates as indicated by the MAR index. Concerned authorities should consider these alarming finding and implement an immediate monitoring program for poultry. Cross contamination, prevention measures should also be promoted and implemented.
Coleoptera of Canada
Authors: Brunke Adam J. , Bouchard Patrice , Douglas Hume B. , Pentinsaari Mikko
Published: January 2019

The beetle fauna of Canada was assessed, including estimates of yet unreported diversity using information from taxonomists and COI sequence clusters in a BOLD (Barcode of Life Datasystems) COI dataset comprising over 77,000 Canadian records. To date, 8302 species of Coleoptera have been recorded in Canada, a 23% increase from the first assessment in 1979. A total of 639 non-native beetle species have become established in Canada, with most species in the Staphylinidae (153 spp.), Curculionidae (107 spp.), Chrysomelidae (56 spp.) and Carabidae (55 spp.). Based on estimates from the taxonomic community and our BOLD dataset, we estimate that slightly more than 1000 beetle species remain to be reported from Canada, either as new records or undescribed species. Renewed enthusiasm toward and financial support for surveys, especially in the central and western provinces of Canada will be critical for detecting, documenting and describing these species. The Barcode of Life database is still far from comprehensive for Canadian Coleoptera but substantial progress has been made and the number of Barcode Index Numbers (BINs) (as candidate species) has reached nearly 70% of the number of species reported from Canada. Comparison of BINs to observed species in a group of Canadian Staphylinidae suggests that BINs may provide a good estimate of species diversity within the beetles. Histeridae is a diverse family in Canada that is notably underrepresented in BOLD. Families such as Mordellidae, Scraptiidae, Latridiidae, Ptiliidae and Scirtidae are poorly known taxonomically in Canada and are represented in our BOLD dataset by many more BINs than recorded species.
Siphonaptera of Canada
Authors: Galloway Terry D.
Published: January 2019

There are currently 154 species of fleas recorded in Canada in four superfamilies and seven families. Only two species have been added to the list since the previous summary by Holland (1979) one of which is unlikely to be established in Canada. There have been a number of significant nomenclatural changes since then most notable of which is the split of the Hystrichopsyllidae into two families Hystrichopsyllidae and Ctenophthalmidae. An additional 23 species may eventually be recorded based on presence of suitable hosts and proximity to known distributions. Six species are introduced and one species is adventive. Although total diversity is reasonably well known there are numerous gaps in distribution of fleas throughout the country. Barcode Index Numbers are available for only 22 species of fleas collected in Canada.
Lepidoptera of Canada
Authors: Pohl Gregory R. , Landry Jean-François , Schmidt B. Chris , deWaard Jeremy R.
Published: January 2019

The known Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) of the provinces and territories of Canada are summarised, and current knowledge is compared to the state of knowledge in 1979. A total of 5405 species are known to occur in Canada in 81 families, and a further 50 species have been reported but are unconfirmed. This represents an increase of 1348 species since 1979. The DNA barcodes available for Canadian Lepidoptera are also tabulated, based on a dataset of 148,314 specimens corresponding to 5842 distinct clusters. A further yet-undiscovered 1400 species of Lepidoptera are estimated to occur in Canada. The Gelechioidea are the most poorly known major lineage of Lepidoptera in Canada. Nunavut, Prince Edward Island, and British Columbia are thought to show the greatest deficit in our knowledge of Lepidoptera. The unglaciated portions of the Yukon (Beringia), and the Pacific Maritime, Montane Cordillera, and Western Interior Basin ecozones of British Columbia are also identified as hotbeds of undescribed biodiversity.
Drei neue Tontafeln aus dem 3. Jahrtausend v.Ch.
Authors: Ceccarelli Manuel
Published: January 2019

Cet article présente pour la première fois trois tablettes cunéiformes issues d’une collection privée italienne, à savoir un contrat pour l’achat d’une maison de Fāra, une esquisse pour une inscription votive de la période d’Akkad et un reçu pré-sargonique pour de l’orge battu de Umma-Zabala.
Reassessing the “casus pendens”: a case study of Old Babylonian omen protases and apodoses
Authors: Ait Said-Ghanem Nadia
Published: January 2019

Dans les textes divinatoires de la collection YOS X, près de 10% des présages, protases et apodoses confondues, contiennent deux nominatifs indépendants. Le premier est situé en tête de phrase, et est suivi d’un second nominatif auquel est attaché un pronom suffixé qui coréfère le premier constituant. Dans cette construction, que j’abrègerai nom + nom-suff + x , l’unité x est soit composée d’un verbe seul, d’un accusatif et verbe, d’un groupe prépositionnel et verbe, soit d’un groupe prépositionnel seul. Les grammaires d’Akkadien traditionnelles identifient cette construction comme un “casus pendens”. Le premier nominatif est analysé comme un élément placé à l’extérieur d’une phrase, elle-même structurée autour d’un sujet et prédicat. Le présent article a pour but de proposer une autre interprétation de cette construction. Le premier nominatif peut être analysé comme un élément intra-sentenciel qui gouverne un prédicat complexe. Cette interprétation se fonde sur les trois types de phrases identifiés en grammaire arabe traditionnelle, et trouve soutien dans l’étude d’Edit Doron sur le prédicat en langue arabe (Doron 1996). Dans mon étude, cette structure fait partie du groupe des phrases de type mubtadaʾ-xabar, nommées phrases nominales . Dans mon modèle, la construction nom + nom-suff + x est identifiée comme une phrase nominale prolongée (the extended nominal sentence ). Ma réévaluation du “casus pendens” se penchera sur les jeux de syntaxe qui affectent la construction des protases et apodoses des textes divinatoires paléobabyloniens de la collection YOS X pour séparer les phénomènes comme la dislocation ou l’extraction. Les conclusions de cet article font partie de ma thèse doctorale, qui utilise sept principes de grammaire et linguistique arabe pour décrire la construction des protases et apodoses des textes divinatoires paléo-babyloniens.
Le Nord selon Olaus Magnus
Authors: Émion François
Published: January 2019

Olaus Magnus, le dernier archevêque suédois que la réforme luthérienne contraignit à l’exil, publia à Venise en 1539 une carte des pays du Nord ( Carta Marina ) puis, en 1555 à Rome, une volumineuse histoire des peuples septentrionaux ( Historia de gentibus septentrionalibus ), richement illustrée, offrant ainsi à ses contemporains une description détaillée d’une Scandinavie encore mal connue où s’entremêlaient érudition, éléments légendaires et expérience personnelle. Utilisant le récit et l’image, son objectif était d’attirer l’attention des élites politiques et religieuses sur un vaste territoire exotique mais aux ressources humaines et naturelles abondantes, afin de les convaincre de la nécessité de regagner ce Nord dévoyé par l’hérésie luthérienne et à présent perdu pour l’Église.
L’hypercapitalisme de la transparence
Authors: Han Byung-Chul , Alloa Emmanuel
Published: January 2019

Au XVIII e  siècle, Jeremy Bentham avait imaginé un dispositif carcéral où les détenus seraient surveillés par un gardien omni-voyant. Dans le panoptique digital, nous ne sommes plus de simples détenus, mais participons activement à son façonnement. Personne ne semble s’en émouvoir outre mesure. Il n’y a pas si longtemps encore, en Allemagne les gens montaient sur les barricades contre le recensement démographique d’État : cette époque semble bien lointaine, au vu de notre inclination à partager toutes nos données avec les appareils de capture de l’hypercapitalisme.
Onze thèses sur la transparence
Authors: Ippolita  , Salsedo André
Published: January 2019

L’informatique de la domination s’est non seulement emparée de l’utopie de la transparence, elle l’a radicalisée. Nouveau « code » civil, assorti d’une injonction à une visibilité intégrale, la transparence innerve aujourd’hui le code-source des plates-formes numériques, sur la trame desquelles se tisse désormais un nombre toujours croissant de nos interactions. Par un démontage en règle de nouvel outillage idéologique de l’asservissement, ces onze « thèses » plongent au cœur de l’alliance un peu trop heureuse entre logique du capital et devenir-numérique du monde.
Le reste de la transparence
Authors: Berns Thomas , Frémineur Salomé
Published: January 2019

La gouvernementalité algorithmique répond à l’appel à la transparence par la mise en corrélation de données numériques semblant créer un double du réel parfaitement adéquat. Cette opération de représentation du réel peut être questionnée comme celle d’un langage, et même d’une écriture ; mais en s’appuyant sur les travaux de Jacques Derrida, on peut s’apercevoir que ce langage serait alors privé de sa capacité à induire reprise, correction, ajustement. C’est sur ce mythe d’une totalité close sur elle-même, sans reste, que repose le mot d’ordre de la transparence.
Des intimités transparentes ?
Authors: Selim Monique
Published: January 2019

Outil de gouvernance à toutes les échelles – globale, nationale, locale – la transparence s’est imposée comme une norme à la fois morale, économique et politique. L’intimité n’y échappe pas. La reproduction, les origines, les identités, les sexualités, qui en seraient un pan important, se trouvent ainsi à l’avant-garde d’une transparence quasi managériale, qui s’épanouit dans une exposition numérique sans limite. Cet article questionne différents aspects de ce phénomène.
L’Afrique en Théorie
Authors: Mbembe Achille , Ronan-Dubois François
Published: January 2019

L’Afrique a participé jusqu’a présent, souvent à titre de laboratoire, au développement de la science occidentale. Les défis rencontrés par la théorie critique aujourd’hui sont l’instrumentalisation de la théorie par les gouvernements, la prolifération de pratiques critiques diverses, notamment écologique, et surtout l’émergence d’un capitalisme de l’image et de l’affect. C’est en relation avec la Chine que l’Afrique peut apporter de nouvelles réponses et relever ces défis.
Pour François Matheron, auteur d’un livre troublant
Authors: Querrien Anne , Citton Yves
Published: January 2019

Deux manières d’aborder le livre que vient de publier François Matheron, qui a participé à la fondation de Multitudes. Avec l’aide de sa femme et de quelques amis, il poursuit le dialogue engagé avec les textes d’Althusser, soit sa vie philosophique, tandis que son corps, ravagé par un AVC, le ramène trop souvent à une réalité insupportable. Celle-ci n’est pas esquivée dans le livre.
Le pipeline et le blocus
Authors: Ahmad Noor , Tarr Duncan , Neyrat Frédéric
Published: January 2019

Le Michigan est le site de trois pipelines : pétrole, plomb et marchandises. Cet essai retrace les crises de ces pipelines et les possibilités de lutte contre leur établissement. En examinant les limites et les potentiels du blocage propre à « l’action éco-directe », nous pouvons dégager certaines leçons qui pourraient être généralisées à d’autres luttes. En particulier, dans une phase capitaliste de circulation, une tactique consistant à arrêter les flux peut être utile dans des scénarios impliquant d’aller au-delà du simple arrêt de la construction d’un oléoduc. Mais, si une interruption peut ralentir la reproduction du capital, elle pose des défis à la reproduction du social. Ces défis peuvent être surmontés par des blocages qui cherchent non seulement à mettre fin à la situation génératrice du conflit, mais également à créer de nouveaux rapports sociaux.
Dans les replis de la reproduction
Authors: Whitener Brian , Neyrat Frédéric
Published: January 2019

La reproduction fut naguère le concept de la pensée critique le plus fertile et le plus proliférant quant au plan politique. Que cela signifierait-il d’y revenir aujourd’hui, dans un monde marqué par la surveillance algorithmique, la crise environnementale, et les États bien armés pour mener les guerres sociales ?
Sous les pavés, le sillage
Authors: Lehman Jesse , Neyrat Frédéric
Published: January 2019

À travers quels langages, outils et pratiques pouvons-nous comprendre la destruction écologique et la violence racialisée en tant que processus unifié à l’œuvre dans la production du monde ? Comment pouvons-nous, à la fois, habiter et interrompre cette conjoncture catastrophique ? Qui sommes-nous pour cela, d’ailleurs ? Je m’inspire de la provocation de Christina Sharpe (2016) en faveur du « travail de sillage » pour étudier ces questions dans le contexte du monde océanique. En travaillant à travers différents genres et en puisant dans diverses sources, j’expérimente des thèmes de perte, de sensation, d’échelle, d’incertitude, de persistance et de temps, pour chercher un récit qui pourrait suggérer un avenir différent au milieu d’une catastrophe en cours.
Se repérer à Lyon à l’époque moderne
Authors: Zeller Olivier , Gauthiez Bernard
Published: January 2019

Longtemps, tout repérage reposa à Lyon sur des systèmes tacites de définition. Les plans ne proposaient que des didascalies résultant de choix symboliques. Les noms de rues étaient abandonnés à des usages populaires multiples et fluctuants. Paroissiaux ou miliciens, les découpages internes ne donnaient lieu à aucun marquage sur le terrain, les quartiers restant longtemps désignés par le nom de leur capitaine ou par des références géographiques variables. La définition des adresses reposait sur la connaissance des propriétaires car la multiplicité des enseignes au thème identique rendait problèmatique leur rôle de repère, sauf dans le cas des grandes auberges. Nul système de numérotation des maisons ne fut rendu visible ; les référencements appliqués à partir de 1723 appartenaient à une culture administrative interne. Consécutif au traumatisme des grandes émeutes, le souci de nommer les espaces et de publier des limites n’apparut qu’après 1744-1745. Une gravure définissant enfin les quartiers fut massivement diffusée, puis les odonymes envahirent les plans de la ville. Ils furent fixés en 1755 par la pose de centaines de plaques. Ainsi s’accomplit le passage de pratiques de repérage mobilisant une culture urbaine tacite à une lecture dénominative fondée sur le recours à l’écrit exposé.
Les incertitudes du commencement
Authors: Cicchini Marco
Published: January 2019

En 1782, le principe de la numérotation des maisons s’impose à Genève en tant que dispositif de police urbaine. Cet article propose une analyse dense de ce moment inaugural. Qu’est-ce qui pousse les autorités de la ville à adopter un tel outil de gouvernement ? Quel système de numérotation choisir et pour quel coût ? Quelles sont les réactions des citadins qui ne sont nullement consultés sur cette innovation de l’administration urbaine ? Les archives genevoises permettent de documenter les hésitations, les difficultés et les résistances qui ont caractérisé l’introduction de la numérotation des maisons, avant que celle-ci ne devienne une « chose banale » et que les incertitudes soient invisibles.
Corpus mysticum revisité
Authors: Chiron Jean-François
Published: January 2019

Corpus mysticum demeure l’un des principaux ouvrages de Henri de Lubac. À la relecture, il apparaît que son but principal – restaurer la dimension ecclésiale de l’eucharistie – est inséparable d’une réflexion sur la sacramentalité. En même temps que l’adjectif « mystique » en venait à qualifier l’Église plutôt que l’eucharistie, son sens s’affaiblissait. Dans la réflexion et la piété eucharistiques, on tendait à dissocier, sinon à opposer, « réalité » et « symbole », à dévaluer le registre du symbolique/sacramentel au profit de la « vérité ». Que les inflexions remontent au IX e ou au XI e siècle, une perte en venait à affecter la compréhension du mystère eucharistique, les questions se posant de savoir dans quelle mesure la théologie ultérieure devait s’en trouver affectée. L’ouvrage érudit du théologien jésuite avait donc une dimension militante, qui ne pouvait qu’affecter sa réception, mais devait se révéler à plus long terme riche de ressources.
Le Repas du Seigneur dans le Nouveau Testament
Authors: Theobald Michael , Kremer Robert
Published: January 2019

Il nous faut prendre acte que nous ne savons que très peu de chose sur la phase formative de la célébration eucharistique et qu’il existe une pluralité de formes d’expression et d’interprétations de son sens plein dans l’Église. Or, face à la pluralité foisonnante des liturgies eucharistiques chrétiennes actuelles, la présente étude se propose de rassembler quelques éléments importants pour entrevoir les facteurs fondamentaux et générateurs d’identité de la pratique du Repas du Seigneur, tout en en montrant la légitime diversité. Ainsi, elle abordera la question des racines historiques du Repas du Seigneur afin de porter un regard sur les éléments fondamentaux de cette pratique des repas après Pâques et d’ interroger les possibles constantes de la conception du Repas du Seigneur chez les premiers chrétiens.
Threatened bee species of Europe in Slovenia / Ogrožene čebele Evrope v Sloveniji
Authors: Gogala Andrej
Published: January 2019

Abstract  Three Endangered, seven Vulnerable and 40 Near Threatened species from the European Red List of Bees were recorded in Slovenia. Their distribution in Slovenia is overviewed and the importance of local populations for their survival in Europe is evaluated. Among the Endangered species the Slovenian population of Colletes graeffei is important. The species has also its locus typicus in Slovenia. Interesting is the case of Epeolus cruciger which is very numerous in Slovenia due to transition to a secondary host, Colletes hederae. Its other host, Colletes succinctus, is endangered in Slovenia. Key words: European Red List, bees, Apiformes, Hymenoptera, fauna, Slovenia IzvlečekTri ogrožene, sedem ranljivih in 40 potencialno ogroženih vrst z Evropskega rdečega seznama čebel je bilo najdenih v Sloveniji. Podan je pregled razširjenosti teh vrst v Sloveniji in ocenjen pomen lokalnih populacij za njihovo preživetje v Evropi. Med ogroženimi vrstami je pomembna slovenska populacija vrste Colletes graeffei. Vrsta ima v Sloveniji tudi svoj locus typicus. Zanimiv je primer vrste Epeolus cruciger, ki je v Sloveniji zelo številna zaradi prehoda na drugega gostitelja, vrsto Colletes hederae. Njen drugi gostitelj, Colletes succinctus, je v Sloveniji ogrožena vrsta. Ključne besede: Evropski rdeči seznam, čebele, Apiformes, Hymenoptera, favna, Slovenija
Phylogenetic position of the genus Chaetoniphargus Karaman et Sket (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Niphargidae) from dinaric karst. An extreme case of homoplasy / Filogenetski položaj rodu Chaetoniphargus Karaman et Sket (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Niphargidae) iz ...
Authors: Sket Boris , Karaman Gordan S.
Published: January 2019

Abstract An alternative, phylogenetically grounded taxonomy of the recently described Chaetoniphargus lubuskensis Karaman & Sket (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Niphargidae) is presented. The recently described new genus and species, Chaetoniphargus lubuskensis from Dinaric Karst, has formerly only been taxonomically evaluated by a classical approach, based on morphology. Species of genera Niphargobatoides, Niphargobates, Chaetoniphargus, differ from Niphargus spp. mainly by slightly elevated number of maxilla I spines, by gradual reduction of maxillary and mandibular palps, by a strong reduction of urosomal structures. Molecularly, they appear to be nested within the Niphargus tree, but separately. Their collective separation from Niphargus would make the genus Niphargus paraphyletic, but for the low number of these species practically without diminishing the confusing diversity of it. A molecular phylogenetic analysis would include all here studied niphargid species as belonging to Niphargus. The gradual change in morphology of mentioned niphargids produces a smooth transition between Niphargidae and unrelated Metacrangonyctidae. Since other facts speak against the relatedness of both families, this is an additional case of convergence, demonstrating the need of molecular analyses when we speculate on phylogenetic relations within Amphipoda. Key words: subterranean, taxonomy, phylogeny, Amphipoda, Niphargidae, Metacrangonyctidae, ChaetoniphargusIzvleček Podajava alternativno, filogenetsko osnovano taksonomijo nedavno opisanega Chaetoniphargus lubuskensis Karaman & Sket (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Niphargidae). Pravkar opisan nov rod in vrsta iz Dinarskega krasa je bila taksonomsko ovrednotena samo s klasičnim pristopom in na osnovi morfologije. Vrste rodov Niphargobatoides, Niphargobates, Chaetoniphargus, se razlikujejo od Niphargus spp. predvsem po malce zvišanem številu trnov na maksili I, po postopni redukciji maksilarnih in mandibularnih palpov, po močni redukciji urosomalnih struktur. Po molekulski analizi se izkaže, da so vgnezdeni v rod Niphargus in to ločeno. Če jih taksonomsko ločimo iz rodu Niphargus, ga naredijo parafiletskega. Ker pa jih je tako malo, s tem nič ne zmanjšamo moteče raznolikosti rodu. Molekulska filogenetska analiza bi vgnezdila vse tukaj omenjene vrste kot pripadnice rodu Niphargus, torej rodovna imena kot sinonima imena Niphargus. Postopno spreminjanje v morfologiji omenjenih nifargidov nam pokaže gladek prehod med družino Niphargidae in le malo sorodno družino Metacrangonyctidae. To je dodaten primer konvergence, ki kaže nujnost molekulskega preverjanja, ko ugotavljamo filogenetske odnose znotraj skupine Amphipoda Ključne besede: podzemeljsko, taksonomija, filogenija, Amphipoda, Niphargidae, Metacrangonyctidae, Chaetoniphargus
Phythogeographic analysis of Slovenia / Fitogeografska oznaka Slovenije
Authors: Zupančič Mitja , Vreš Branko
Published: January 2019

AbstractOn the basis of the flora and vegetation and phytogeographical areas of Slovenia, we wanted to determine as objectively as possible the distribution of plant provinces, with an emphasis on the Illyrian province, which is characteristic of Slovenian territory. In the phytogeographical analysis of Slovenia we defined a new, pre-Noricum-Slovenian floral province. Five floral provinces in Slovenia are thus now known: Alpine province of the Alpine-High-Nordic region and Central European, Illyrian, Illyrian-Adriatic and Pre- Noricum-Slovenian floral provinces of the Euro-Siberian- North American region. Key words: flora, vegetation, phytogeography, Slovenia IzvlečekNa osnovi flore in vegetacije ter fitogeografskih območij Slovenije smo želeli čimbolj objektivno opredeliti razširjenost rastlinskih provinc s poudarkom na ilirski provinci, ki je značilna za slovensko ozemlje. Pri fitogeografski analizi Slovenije smo izdvojili (opredelili) novo, prenorijsko-slovensko rastlinsko provinco. Tako je v Sloveniji zdaj znanih pet rastlinskih provinc, in sicer: alpska provinca alpsko-visokonordijske regije ter srednjeevropska, ilirska, ilirsko-jadranska in prenorijsko-slovenska rastlinska provinca evrosibirsko-severnoameriške regije. Ključne besede: flora, vegetacija, fitogeografija, Slovenija
Écrits, genre et autorités
Authors: Kréfa Abir
Published: January 2019

Depuis la révolution tunisienne, le pays a attiré nombre de chercheurs, de journalistes et d’experts. Les articles et les discours médiatiques ont foisonné sur les mobilisations sociales et politiques, les résultats des élections d’octobre 2011, les démêlés avec la justice de militants et d’artistes. Cependant, si la révolution puis la victoire électorale des islamistes ont placé la Tunisie au centre des actualités internationales, les relations entre les artistes et les institutions autoritaires, les conditions socio-économiques de création et les rapports de sexe dans les mondes de l’art demeurent inconnus. Fondé sur une longue enquête de terrain, cet ouvrage comble ces manques en menant une analyse détaillée de l’univers littéraire tunisien et des rapports sociaux de sexe qui le traversent jusqu’à la révolution. Il ôte à la Tunisie, souvent présentée comme à part, son statut d’exception. Il rend enfin intelligibles, au-delà du cas de ce pays, les manières dont se reproduisent les rapports de sexe et les modes de domination en contexte autoritaire.