bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Chrysene‐Anthracene Host Material for Enhanced Efficiency and Lifetime in Blue Fluorescent OLEDs
Authors: Shang Yifan , Li Siqi , Zhang Xiaopeng , Kuang Changchun , He Yaowu , Zhang Xinkang , Wu Chengcheng , Meng Zhimin , Jiang Xin , Meng Lingqiang , Wei Guodan , Meng Hong
Published: January 2025

In this study, PAP‐1‐Ch is presented, a novel anthracene‐based host material, designed specifically for high‐efficiency and stable blue fluorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). The unique molecular architecture of PAP‐1‐Ch integrates a chrysene substituent of anthracene, achieving an optimal balance between steric hindrance and molecular linearity. This balance plays a critical role in minimizing π–π stacking, which effectively prevents fluorescence quenching while promoting favorable horizontal molecular orientation of up to 91.5% and enhancing the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) up to 93.1%, thereby significantly improving the out‐coupling efficiency. Furthermore, the finely tuned structure of PAP‐1‐Ch results in superior charge carrier mobility and a more balanced electron/hole injection current. Devices fabricated with PAP‐1‐Ch as the host material demonstrated remarkable performance metrics, achieving blue color purity with Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.136, 0.130), a luminance efficiency of 13.2 cd A−1, a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 12.6%, and an operational lifetime (LT95) of over 12 000 h at 100 cd m−2. These results represent a substantial advancement in the development of high‐efficiency, stable blue fluorescent OLEDs, paving the way for their application in next generation of high‐end displays.
CN‐Tuning: A Pathway to Suppress Singlet Fission and Amplify Triplet‐Triplet Annihilation Upconversion in Rubrene
Authors: Radiunas Edvinas , Naimovičius Lukas , Baronas Paulius , Jozeliūnaitė Augustina , Orentas Edvinas , Kazlauskas Karolis
Published: January 2025

Incoherent photon upconversion (UC) mediated by triplet‐triplet annihilation (TTA) offers multiple implementation pathways, from bio‐related applications to energy harvesting in photovoltaics. Despite its potential, TTA‐UC efficiency in the near‐infrared (NIR) range is notably low, particularly in solid‐state systems. Rubrene (Rub), a key annihilator in this spectral range, faces significant concentration quenching, primarily due to singlet fission (SF). To mitigate this issue, herein, the cyano (CN) functionalization of Rub is explored to reduce SF and boost solid‐state UC performance. By systematically increasing the number of CN groups, the modified Rub is examined in both solution and solid‐state environments, benchmarking it against unmodified Rub and assessing each energy transfer step. The findings reveal that CN modification, while detrimental to UC efficiency in solution, markedly improves solid‐state UC performance. Specifically, Rub functionalized with two peripheral CN groups achieves a UC quantum yield (ΦUC) of 3.0% (out of a theoretical maximum of 50%) in the solid‐state–nearly tripling the maximum yield achieved with unmodified Rub. This advancement not only presents a more efficient and stable alternative to conventional Rub annihilators but also highlights the potential of CN‐tuning for enhancing other NIR annihilators in the solid state.
Tailoring Chain‐Length in Through‐Space Charge‐Transfer Donor‐σ‐Acceptor Multifunctional Emitters for Efficient Long‐Term Bioimaging
Authors: Sarmah Tapashi , Pal Soumik , Barman Debasish , Barman Debika , Jaganathan Bithiah Grace , Iyer Parameswar Krishnan
Published: January 2025

This work presents a simple strategy to develop a new series of through‐space charge‐transfer (TSCT) donor–acceptor luminogens with varying alkyl chain lengths as spacer groups (D‐σ‐A), CznDPy [5‐(4‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl) alkyl)‐5H‐pyrazino[2,3‐b] indole‐2,3‐dicarbonitrile] (n = 2, 3, 4, and 5) displaying rare multifunctional optical behaviors of aggregation‐induced emission (AIE), thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), aggregation‐induced delayed fluorescence (AIDF), mechanoluminescence (ML), and mechanochromism (MCL) properties. Fine‐tuning the flexible chain lengths between donor and acceptor results in variable intermolecular interactions and charge transfer (CT) behavior, thereby modulating their respective optical properties in aggregated/solid states. The integrated emitters exhibit a maximum total quantum yield of 85% with a prolonged lifetime of 344 µs. Considering the challenges existing for developing AIDF molecules with longer lifetimes, enhanced fluorescence efficiency, and tunable emission characteristics, their utility is emphasized for efficient long‐term bioimaging of human breast cancer cells up to 7 days. These molecules constitute the first examples of multifunctional organic TSCT AIDF small molecules with such long lifetimes, tunable emission colors, and higher fluorescence efficiency used for the diagnostic imaging of cancer cells. This study also sheds light on the structure‐property relationships and offers valuable insights into the new class of tailored optical materials for various applications.
Five‐Modal Three‐Dimensional Optical Microscopy via Single 1550 nm Fiber Laser
Authors: Yu Jia , Cao Xueming , Xiang Feng , Wang Nannan , Wu Ting , Gao Yufeng , Liao Jiuling , Li Hui , Liu Tzu‐Ming , Zheng Wei
Published: January 2025

Multimodal optical microscopy can be used to visualize multiple biological targets at the same location and at similar spatial resolutions, enabling more comprehensive studies of complex biological samples. However, current multimodal imaging systems typically use multiple or specially designed excitation lasers. Furthermore, previous studies have reported only three or four types of imaging modalities, limiting the number of imaging targets. This study develops an imaging system based on a single commercialized 1550 nm fiber laser and integrates five imaging modalities: second harmonic generation, third harmonic generation, two‐photon fluorescence, three‐photon fluorescence, and reflected confocal microscopy. Utilizing the characteristics of different imaging modalities, various biological components in biological tissues can be revealed simultaneously and cell movement in a complex biological environment can be traced noninvasively. The capacity of deep imaging has also been demonstrated in the mouse brain. The results show that the proposed multimodal microscopy system has great application potential in biomedical fields, such as tumor diagnosis and immunotherapy.
Peptide‐Perovskite Based Bio‐Inspired Materials for Optoelectronics Applications
Authors: Kazim Samrana , Haris M. P. U. , Ahmad Shahzada
Published: January 2025

The growing demand for environmentally friendly semiconductors that can be tailored and developed easily is compelling researchers and technologists to design inherently bio‐compatible, self‐assembling nanostructures with tunable semiconducting characteristics. Peptide‐based bioinspired materials exhibit a variety of supramolecular morphologies and have the potential to function as organic semiconductors. Such biologically or naturally derived peptides with intrinsic semiconducting characteristics create new opportunities for sustainable biomolecule‐based optoelectronics devices. Affably, halide perovskite nanocrystals are emerging as potentially attractive nano‐electronic analogs, in this vein creating synergies and probing peptide‐perovskite‐based bio‐electronics are of paramount interest. The physical properties and inherent aromatic short‐peptide assemblies that can stabilize, and passivate the defects at surfaces assist in improving the charge transport in halide perovskite devices. This review sheds light on how these peptide‐perovskite nano‐assemblies can be developed for optical sensing, optoelectronics, and imaging for biomedical and healthcare applications. The charge transfer mechanism in peptides along with as an outlook the electron transfer mechanism between perovskite and short peptide chains, which is paramount to facilitate their entry into molecular electronics is discussed. Future aspects, prevailing challenges, and research directions in the field of perovskite‐peptides are also presented
Large‐Area Conductor‐Loaded PDMS Flexible Composites for Wireless and Chipless Electromagnetic Multiplexed Temperature Sensors
Authors: King Benjamin , Bruce Nikolas , Wagih Mahmoud
Published: January 2025

Capacitive dielectric temperature sensors based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) loaded with 10 vol% of inexpensive, commercially‐available conductive fillers including copper, graphite, and milled carbon fiber (PDMS‐CF) powders are reported. The sensors are tested in the range of 20–110 °C and from 0.5 to 200 MHz, with enhanced sensitivity from 20 to 60 °C, and a relative response of 85.5% at 200 MHz for PDMS‐CF capacitors. PDMS‐CF capacitors are interrogated as a sensing element in wirelessly coupled chipless resonant coils tuned to 6.78 MHz with a response in the resonant frequency (fr) of the sensor, demonstrating an average sensitivity of 0.38% °C−1, a 40x improvement over a pristine PDMS capacitive sensor and outperforms state‐of‐the‐art frequency‐domain radio frequency temperature sensors. Exploiting its high sensitivity, the wireless sensing platform is interrogated using a low‐cost, portable, and open‐source NanoVNA demonstrating a relative response in fr of 48.5%, good agreement with instrumentation‐grade vector network analyzers (VNAs) and negligible change in performance at a range of reading distances and humidities. Finally, a wireless tag is demonstrated with rapid, reversible dynamic response to changes in temperature, as well as the in the first scalable, multiplexed array of chipless sensors for spatial temperature detection.
Observations of Cherenkov‐Like Radial Wake in Water Waves
Authors: Qin Zijian , Shen Lian , Yang Yihao , Chen Hongsheng , Wang Huaping
Published: January 2025

Cherenkov radiation (CR) is a fascinating phenomenon that occurs not only in electromagnetic (EM) waves but also in water waves. The V‐shaped wake formed by a moving object on the water surface results from the constructive interference of water waves of different wavelengths, similar to CR. We designed and fabricated a one‐dimensional (1D) water wave crystal to analogize the behavior of moving particles in water waves. This crystal exhibits a band structure with both positive (positive group velocity) and negative slopes (negative group velocity), exciting and directing the water waves to produce forward and backward radiating wakes through a mechanism similar to CR. Notably, the radiation angle is easily adjustable. This method of regulating water wave wakes holds potential applications in scattering cancellation‐based wake stealth, navigation technology, and fluid dynamics for future offshore vessels.
PFSA‐Ionomer Dispersions to Thin‐Films: Interplay Between Sidechain Chemistry and Dispersion Solvent
Authors: Bird Ashley , Kim Yonsoo , Berlinger Sarah A. , Weber Adam Z. , Kusoglu Ahmet
Published: January 2025

In fuel‐cell catalyst layers (CLs), ionomers exists as nanoscale thin‐films binding catalyst particles, wherein ionic and gaseous species transport to catalyst sites. To improve film function, ionomers have been designed based on the prototypical perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA). Since CLs are fabricated through solution‐based processing of inks, understanding how ink/dispersion solvent impacts ionomer interactions and function is important to guide future ionomer design. Herein, PFSA and its chemical derivatives are characterized from dispersion (in solvent) to thin film (cast on support) to investigate the impact of solvent water content on ionomer dispersion (structure, acidity) and resulting film properties. Dispersion characterization reveals that secondary aggregate structure depends on the sidechain chemistry, but all PFSA‐based ionomers evolve similarly as dispersion becomes water‐rich. The differences in aggregation alter ionomer adsorption and thin film morphology. Hydrophilic domain spacing and orientation are affected primarily by sidechain chemistry, and modulated by solvent composition. Thin‐film conductivity correlates with hydration and nanodomain alignment, signifying the role of morphology in properties. Overall, this work provides insights into how chemistry can be used to coarse‐tune structure–property relationships, while processing solvent is for fine‐tuning of dispersion‐film interplay for controlling CL‐ionomer function, which can be translated to other chemistries and ink formulations.
Machine learning potential model for accelerating quantum chemistry‐driven property prediction and molecular design
Authors: Wu Guoxin , Zhao Yujing , Zhang Lei , Du Jian , Meng Qingwei , Liu Qilei
Published: January 2025

Quantum chemistry (QC) calculations have significantly advanced the development of materials, drugs, and other molecular products. Molecular geometry optimization is an indispensable step for QC calculations. However, its computational cost increases dramatically with increasing molecular system complexity, hindering the large‐scale molecule screening. This work proposes a deep learning‐based molecular potential energy surface prediction tool (DeePEST) to significantly accelerate geometry optimizations. The key of DeePEST involves the development of a novel machine learning potential model for accurate and fast predictions of molecular energy and atomic forces. These predictions enable efficient molecular geometry optimizations for subsequent predictions of QC properties (single‐point energy, dipole moment, HOMO/LUMO, and 13C chemical shifts) and COSMO‐SAC‐based thermodynamic properties (activity coefficient). Moreover, DeePEST facilitates efficient computer‐aided molecular designs that involve QC‐based geometry optimizations. The utilization of DeePEST in geometry optimizations achieves high prediction accuracy approaching to rigorous QC methods while maintaining the computational efficiency of molecular mechanics methods.
Bioinspired Tactile Object Identification Leveraging Deep Learning and Soft Body Compliance
Authors: Shorthose Oliver , Scimeca Luca , Albini Alessandro , Maiolino Perla
Published: January 2025

Tactile object identification is a fundamental human skill, underlying several core aspects of human intelligence. Humans display a range of remarkable haptic skills, enabled by the synergistic interactions of the somatosensory system with higher‐level cognitive processes. In contrast, robotics’ haptic sensing solutions have historically lacked the ability to achieve human‐level perceptive capabilities, lacking in both the sensory system and its cognitive digital counterpart. Herein, part of this challenge is addressed by leveraging the success of the fields of soft robotics and deep learning to show how a soft robotic hand, equipped with low‐resolution tactile sensing, can be used to accurately identify a diverse set of objects. In particular, ROSE‐Net, a neural network that leverages multiple grasps to enable accurate pose‐invariant object recognition, is developed. The multi‐grasp haptic discrimination solution can lead to a significant increase in performance. The versatility and adaptability of this approach are also tested in two scenarios: a learning transfer scenario and a fault tolerance scenario. Finally, the framework is tested in an online discrimination task, where this approach is shown to naturally require additional grasps for objects that are more challenging to identify using a single grasp and low spatial resolution tactile sensing.
Innovation Leading to Improved Safety, Health, and Productivity Is Enabled by Close Collaboration Between Construction Companies and Technology Start‐Ups
Authors: Yildiz Melike , Bigeon‐Bienvenu Stéphanie
Published: January 2025

The transfer of innovation to practice is one of the fundamental challenges of efficient social advancement. Because of its structure, with mostly small employers with limited working capital and short‐term thinking arising from working on time‐limited projects, historically the construction industry has been a slow adopter of technological advances. Now it is faced with a barrage of new technologies that not only can help solve some of the most pressing occupational safety and health needs but at the same time also contribute to productivity improvements. To address this, we—and others—have been finding ways to bring together tech start‐ups and their innovations with construction companies who are willing to put them to use. We present four examples to illustrate how this can be accomplished and discuss the lessons we have learned in doing so.
Multi‐Resonance 1,4‐BN‐Heteroarene for Filterless Narrowband Photodetector
Authors: Gao Rong‐Rong , Chen Cheng , Huang Yan‐Bo , Wang Xiao‐Ye
Published: January 2025

As an emerging class of optoelectronic materials, multi‐resonance (MR) 1,4‐BN‐heteroarenes have been extensively employed as narrowband electroluminescence materials, whereas their absorption feature has largely been neglected. Here we construct the first MR‐molecule‐based phototransistor for filterless narrowband photodetectors (NBPDs) by anchoring narrowband absorption MR molecules on a high‐mobility semiconductor indium‐zinc‐oxide (IZO) film. The resulting device exhibits high‐performance photodetection with a small full‐width at half‐maximum (FWHM) of 33 nm, which represents a new record for NBPDs based on intrinsic narrowband absorbing materials. These results demonstrate the great potential of MR materials as a new molecular platform for developing high‐performance NBPDs.
Enhancement of Solid‐State Lithium‐Ion Batteries Using Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework‐67 in Polyethylene Oxide‐Based Composite Polymer Electrolytes for Improved Ionic Conductivity and Stability
Authors: Wang Xiying , Pang Beili , Kong Lingyi , Zhu Yongqi , Chen Changzhao , Dong Hongzhou , Yu Liyan , Dong Lifeng
Published: January 2025

Polyethylene oxide (PEO)‐based polymers are commonly used in solid‐state lithium‐ion batteries, though their high crystallinity at room temperature reduces ionic conductivity. In this research, zeolitic imidazolate framework‐67 (ZIF‐67), with its regular dodecahedral structure, large surface area, and numerous nanoscopic pores, is synthesized and uniformly dispersed into a PEO matrix to create a novel composite polymer electrolyte (CPE). ZIF‐67 effectively reduces PEO crystallinity and enhances the mechanical properties of the electrolyte by disrupting the order structure of the PEO polymer chains. The resulting CPE achieves an ion conductivity of 6.50 × 10−4 S cm−1, and demonstrated high interfacial compatibility and stability with optimized ZIF‐67 content. Furthermore, the LiCoO2/CPE/Li battery exhibits good cycle stability at 0.1 C, with discharge capacities of 130.81, 125.31, and 112.25 mAh/g at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 C. Therefore, ZIF‐67 presents a promising strategy for enhancing battery performance and developing high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries.
Segmenting Hotel Guests' Behavior: Insights for Developing Effective Water Conservation Programs
Authors: Sancho‐Esper Franco M. , Sellers‐Rubio Ricardo , Casado‐Diaz Ana Belen , Campayo‐Sanchez Fernando , Rodriguez‐Sanchez Carla , Sanchez Carolina
Published: January 2025

This research underscores the need to modify tourists' behaviors to ensure sustainable water usage in high‐demand destinations. In‐room water conservation of 681 hotel guests was analyzed based on habit, effort, and enjoyment theory (HEET). The analysis reveals four distinct guest clusters based on a combination of cognitive, affective, automated behavior, and consumer identity variables. Water conservation behaviors and attitudes ranged from those of “Environmentally conscious tourists,” who exhibited strong conservation efforts and low hedonic motivations, to those of “Pleasure‐seeking tourists,” who prioritized pleasure over sustainability. The segmentation analysis used the Gaussian finite mixture model for clustering, providing insights into how to tailor social marketing interventions to promote water conservation behavior among guests. This novel segmentation approach fills a gap in the literature by considering non‐cognitive and habitual behaviors. It also provides a practical framework for designing more effective environmental strategies in tourism, particularly in water‐stressed areas.
Cause‐Specific Mortality and Prognostic Impact of Comorbidity in Japanese Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Ikeda Daisuke , Nunomura Takuya , Muta Tsuyoshi , Matsue Kosei
Published: January 2025

Background

Due to its rarity, there are very limited data available on the cause of death (COD) and its association with comorbidities in Japanese chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients.

Methods

To investigate the prevalence of comorbidities and their impact on cause‐specific mortality, we retrospectively reviewed 121 Japanese patients with CLL.

Results

The median age was 69 years, with 47.9% having at least one comorbidity listed in the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and 12.4% were multimorbid. With a median follow‐up of 74 months, the 5‐ and 10‐year overall survival rates were 80.6% and 60.1%, respectively. Among the 44 deaths observed, CLL progression was the leading COD (38.6%), which together with infections and other malignancies accounted for nearly 80%. Patients with higher CCI risk categories had significantly higher 5‐year all‐cause mortality (CCI 1–2: 22.9% and ≥ 3: 31.4%) and non‐CLL‐specific mortality (CCI 1–2: 18.8% and ≥ 3: 31.4%) compared to those without (CCI 0: 12.6%, p = 0.005; 3.5%, p < 0.001, respectively), whereas CLL‐specific mortality was not influenced. On multivariate analysis, age and CCI retained a significant prognostic impact on all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.08, p < 0.001 and HR 1.88, p = 0.004, respectively) and non‐CLL‐specific mortality (HR 1.12, p < 0.001 and HR 3.81, p < 0.001, respectively).

Conclusions

Our study showed that CLL itself was the leading COD, and comorbidity burden was associated with non‐CLL‐specific deaths. This highlights the importance of better disease control and effective management of comorbidities.
Harnessing from Nature – Evolving Potential of Antimicrobial Peptide
Authors: Liu Songhan , HuiXin EveliasYan , Xing Bengang
Published: January 2025

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are recognized as one of the most ancient components of innate immunity, playing a pivotal role as the first line of host defense systems. These evolutionarily conserved molecules have been identified in various organisms, from prokaryotes to humans. AMPs establish a delicate balanced relationship between host and microbes, by simultaneously regulating the biological activities of pathogens and commensal microbes. Given the escalating global concern over antibiotic resistance, there is an urgent need to explore alternative strategies to combat challenging infectious diseases. AMPs have emerged as promising candidates employed in clinical practice due to their sustainable bactericidal properties. Witnessed by deep understanding of AMPs actions toward host and bacteria, the potential applications of AMPs extend far beyond infection control. Emerging developments harnessed natural capabilities of AMPs to optimize their roles in modulating host signaling, treating diverse diseases, advancing biosensing and bioimaging technologies. In this Concept paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of the diversity and properties of AMPs. Additionally, we elaborate on the mechanisms underlying AMP activity and bacterial responses counteracting AMPs’ functions. Most importantly, we discuss potential biomedical applications of AMPs and offer perspectives on their future development.
Anticancer Attributes and Multifaceted Pharmacological Implications of Laetrile and Amygdalin
Authors: Carbone Katya , Sytar Oksana , Sharopov Farukh , Pezzani Raffaele , Romano Raffaele , Santini Antonello , Kieliszek Marek , Khan Tooba , Khan Khushbukhat , Caunii Angela , Habtemariam Solomon , Sharifi‐Rad Javad , Butnariu Monica
Published: January 2025

Laetrile, known as vitamin B17, is often used interchangeably with amygdalin. Laetrile is a semi‐synthesis product of amygdalin, whereas amygdalin is a naturally occurring substance in many plants. Both compounds have a nitrile functional group that, when activated by the intestinal enzyme β‐glucosidases, releases hydrogen cyanide. The two compounds have been considered for a long time as alternative therapy for cancer treatment however, findings available in the literature are discordant on the real efficacy of laetrile/amygdalin for the treatment of cancer, often highlighting a negative benefit‐risk ratio. In this regard, the study aimed to comprehensively analyze the scientific data on laetrile/amygdalin, with a special emphasis on their pharmacokinetics, underlying pharmacological properties, mode of action as a potent antitumor agent, and effect on human health. The results showed that there is no clear evidence on the efficacy of cancer therapy following laetrile/amygdalin administration, especially at the clinical trial level. However, the in vitro studies of the biological activity of these compounds showed positive effects related to their antifibrotic, anti‐inflammatory, antiasthmatic, and immunoregulatory processes. Laetrile's mechanism of action closely resembles amygdalin, affecting cancer signaling pathways. However, due to its cyanide toxicity, it was banned by the food and drug administration (FDA) due to safety concerns. Despite not receiving permission from the FDA, laetrile emerged as an alternative therapy in the 1970s. Nonetheless, continuing research is investigating safer methods of activating Laetrile for targeted cancer treatment. This opens interesting prospects in using these compounds in alternative medical therapies, for which, however, further research is needed.
Nonsurgical Treatment of Splenic Abscesses in Patient With Simultaneous Diagnosis of Endocarditis and Crohn's Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Shabani Shiva
Published: January 2025

The spleen is one site for septic emboli in cases of IE but in patients with splenic abscess when the patient has a suspicious history of autoimmune diseases, splenic aseptic abscess must be ruled out before splenectomy.
Performance of Fe‐Mo Catalysts with Li/Na/K Promoters for Methanol Oxidation to Formaldehyde
Authors: Li Juan , Yuan Shanliang , Bo Qi-fei , Zhang Biao , Chen Honglin
Published: January 2025

Fe‐Mo catalysts are widely employed in the commercial oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde. This study investigates the influence of alkali metal promoters (Li, Na, and K) on the morphology, structure, surface properties, and catalytic performance of Fe‐Mo catalysts. The incorporation of alkali metal promoters was found to significantly modify the chemical composition and surface characteristics of the catalysts. Sodium and potassium promoters enhanced the formation of lamellar morphologies, promoted the segregation of molybdenum oxide crystals on the catalyst surface, and reduced the specific surface area. Additionally, they decreased the electron density around molybdenum atoms, lowered lattice oxygen content, and reduced catalytic activity. In contrast, lithium promoters suppressed lamellar morphology, facilitated the formation of a homogeneous cluster structure, and increased the concentration of bulk‐phase molybdenum oxide, thereby improving catalyst selectivity. Surface acidity analysis revealed that dimethyl ether, a by‐product, was predominantly formed on acidic sites. Optimization of lithium content further demonstrated that the catalyst achieved maximum formaldehyde selectivity at a Li/Mo molar ratio of 5%. These findings shed light on the role of alkali metal promoters in tailoring the properties of Fe‐Mo catalysts and offer valuable guidance for the design and optimization of advanced catalysts for methanol oxidation
Endothelial Dysfunction in Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Complex Association With Sleep Health, Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Prognostic Markers
Authors: Hbaieb Mohamed Ali , Charfeddine Salma , Driss Tarak , Bosquet Laurent , Dugué Benoit , Makni Ahmed , Turki Mouna , Abid Leila , Hammouda Omar
Published: January 2025

Background

Endothelial function (EndFx) is a core component of cardiovascular (CV) health and cardioprotection following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Hypothesis

AMI patients experience endothelial dysfunction (EndDys), associated with traditional CV risk factors and sleep patterns. EndFx may also predict short and mid‐term outcomes.

Methods

EndFx was assessed in 63 patients (56.2 ± 7.6 years) using the Endothelium Quality Index (EQI). Sleep quality and quantity were evaluated using objective (actigraphy) and subjective (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire) measures. Cardiorespiratory fitness was quantified through the 6‐min walking test. Cardiac function was assessed using the left ventricular ejection fraction.

Results

Following AMI, patients tended to experience EndDys (EQI = 1.4 ± 0.7). A severe EndDys was observed in 23.8% of patients (n = 15), while a mild EndDys was present in 63.49% (n = 40). Furthermore, EndDys was significantly associated with traditional CV risk factors (i.e., low physical activity level [12.8%], age [−4.2%], and smoking [−0.7%]) (R2 adjusted = 0.50, p < 0.001). Patients with EndDys had poor sleep quality (p = 0.001) and sleep efficiency (p = 0.016) compared to healthy persons. Patients with severe EndDys exhibited lower cardiorespiratory fitness compared to those with healthy EndFx (p = 0.017). Furthermore, during a follow‐up period (nearly 4 months) following PCI, major adverse cardiac events were observed in four patients with severe EndDys.

Conclusions

Our results emphasize the importance of adequate sleep and an active lifestyle, notably physical activity practice, as modifiable elements to enhance EndFx, which is regarded as a predictive tool following AMI. However, other factors remain to be elucidated as predictors of CV risk.

Trial Registration

The study protocol was registered in the Pan African Clinical Trial Registry under the trial ID: PACTR202208834230748.
Serum Urate and Atrial Fibrillation: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Yu Shandong , Wang Wei , Gao Yulian , Zhou Jun , Chu Yanpeng
Published: January 2025

Background

Observational studies indicate that serum urate level is associated with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, whether this association is causal remains controversial, due to confounding factors and reverse causality. We aim to evaluate the causal relationship of genetically predicted serum urate level with AF.

Methods

A bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study was performed. Instrumental variables were obtained from the Global Urate Genetics Consortium (110347 individuals). We obtained summary statistics of AF from two genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) data sets for AF. Inverse‐variance‐weighted method was applied to obtain MR estimates and other statistical methods were conducted in the sensitivity analyses. The reverse MR analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of AF on serum urate levels.

Results

Genetically determined serum urate level was not associated with AF in two studies (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.95–1.11; p = 0.47); (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.99–1.12; p = 0.09). The main results kept robust in the most sensitivity analyses. Multivariable MR analyses suggested that the association pattern did not change, after adjusting for body mass index (BMI), HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), hypertension, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) and coronary heart disease. No causal effect of AF on serum urate levels was found in two studies (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.98–1.05; p = 0.30); (OR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.98–1.03; p = 0.95).

Conclusions

Our MR study supports no bidirectional causal effect of serum urate levels and AF. This implies that treatments aimed at lowering uric acid may not reduce the risk of AF.
Hybrid Accurate Localization Approach for Dense and Highly Mobile Vehicular Networks
Authors: Amira Benaidja , Lazhar Farek
Published: January 2025

Localization is a critical aspect of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), essential for enhancing their safety and comfort applications. However, challenges arise in achieving accurate and timely localization particularly in dense and highly mobile vehicular networks, urban environments and indoor settings where Global Positioning System (GPS) signals are unavailable and unreliable. Several localization solutions have been proposed in the literature, but they could not achieve simultaneously the desired requirements especially when applied to vehicular networks. In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid solution for localizing nodes in VANETs with high accuracy and low latency. Our approach combines optimized localization techniques and hybridizes them with a robust MAC scheme designed for efficient broadcast of beacon messages that are used for the exchange of localization information. By dynamically adapting localization techniques based on road traffic conditions and localization regions while incorporating a time slot reuse policy and a dynamic beaconing rate adjustment in the MAC scheme, our solution aims to overcome the challenges of computational overhead, communication delays and reliability concerns. It is an economical solution that enables timely and precise localization even in the absence of GPS signals. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in achieving accurate localization for dense and highly mobile VANETs.
Spindle Cell Sarcoma With Novel JAZF1::NUDT5 Gene Fusion: Report of a Previously Undescribed Neoplasm
Authors: Fliorent Rebecca , Hoda Syed T. , Jour George , Mantilla Jose G.
Published: January 2025

Gene fusions involving JAZF1 are a recurrent event in low grade endometrial stromal sarcoma, and have been more recently described in few instances of endometrial stromal sarcoma‐like tumors in the genitourinary tract of men. In this article, we describe a previously unreported spindle cell sarcoma harboring an in‐frame JAZF1::NUDT5 gene fusion, arising in the chest wall of a 51‐year‐old man. The tumor had unique morphologic features resembling both endometrial stromal sarcoma and endometrial stromal sarcoma‐like tumors, consisting of a mixture of cytologically bland and pleomorphic spindle cells with brisk mitotic activity, within an alternating myxoid and fibrous stroma. It had diffuse immunohistochemical expression of CD10, CD34 and CD56, and variable expression of androgen receptor. To our knowledge, neoplasms with these clinico‐pathologic characteristics and novel gene fusion have not been previously reported in the English language literature.
Evaluating the ability of fullPIERS calculator to predict adverse maternal outcomes in pre‐eclampsia at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital
Authors: Matonhodze Thomas , Nyakoe Robert
Published: January 2025

Objective

To evaluate the ability of the fullPIERS model to predict adverse maternal outcomes in patients diagnosed as early‐onset pre‐eclampsia at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, South Africa.

Methods

Retrospective record review and analysis of 134 patients admitted with early‐onset pre‐eclampsia. Demographic data, symptoms, and investigation results relevant to the fullPIERS calculator present on admission were collected. Adverse maternal outcomes occurring before the end of 7 days from admission were recorded. Descriptive analysis was conducted, χ2 and Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests were used to evaluate the association between fullPIERS parameters, score, and adverse outcomes. Performance of fullPIERS score was evaluated by positive and negative predictive values, sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating curve analysis.

Results

The median age was 34 years (interquartile range [IQR] 28–37 years). A total of 131 deliveries were recorded at a median gestation of 31 weeks (IQR 29–33 weeks). Most deliveries (71; 54.2%) were due to fetal indications and 102 (77.9%) were by cesarean section. A total of 20 (15.1%) patients had adverse maternal outcomes. Three (2.6%) neonates were delivered with Apgar score less than 7 at 5 minutes and were all admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. FullPIERS formula predicted adverse maternal outcomes with positive and negative predictive values of 100% and 94.9%, respectively, and sensitivity and specificity of 70% and 100%, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.88 (95% confidence interval 0.75–0.95), which shows good discrimination.

Conclusion

FullPIERS model is a useful adjunct in identifying patients at high risk of adverse outcomes from early‐onset pre‐eclampsia; this allows timely and appropriate management.
Unveiling the life of archaea in sediments: Diversity, metabolic potentials, and ecological roles
Authors: Zou Dayu , Qi Yanling , Zhou Jinjie , Liu Yang , Li Meng
Published: January 2025

The domain Archaea was initially characterized as extremophiles upon its proposal. Recent significant discoveries have redrawn our views of archaeal biology, encompassing the identification of mesophilic archaeal groups, the expansion of archaeal diversity and metabolic capabilities, and the elucidation of evolutionary relationships among archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Archaea are ubiquitous and constitute a substantial fraction of the microbial biomass within sediments. Therefore, comprehending their ecological roles is paramount for understanding their contributions to global geochemical cycles. In this review, we summarize the diversity of archaea across various sediment ecosystems, from terrestrial inland to deep‐sea environments, utilizing representative genomes supported by the Genome Taxonomy Database, which encompasses habitats such as hot springs, salt lakes, freshwater lakes, rivers, mangroves, estuaries, coastal regions, seafloor sediments, cold seeps, and hydrothermal vents. Furthermore, we integrate analyses of representative genomes with recent studies to highlight the metabolic potentials, novel enzymatic functions, and significant discoveries related to the carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycles across different archaeal lineages. Finally, we discuss recent research hotspots and achievements in archaeal studies, while projecting future exploration directions. The expanding diversity and metabolic capacities of archaea have broadened our perspective on the tree of life and underscored their critical impacts on ecosystems.
DISPLAY REQUIREMENTS of the INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS ‐ 1968‐1970
Authors: James Peter , Dittberner Donald L.
Published: January 2025

By 1970, with advances in control and reproducibility of displayed materials, the advent of reusable films, and overall cost reductions due to increased production levels, nearly every large integrated management information system will have many displays associated with it. Capabilities such as high resolution character formation adequate to obtain lithographic quality reports open the door to many new commercial uses for displays.

Principal categories of use include simulation, information storage and retrieval, browsing, message composition, high quality recording, and industrial education. Mixing of stored graphic (microfilm and video) information with computer generated data will become the rule rather than the exception. This use will be slower in obtaining general acceptance than other technical advances such as memory technology and improved data collection devices. Nonetheless, from the integrated management information system viewpoint, displays offer one of the few tools which will be helpful directly to the highest level of management, and a tool that must be exploited in order to obtain the full benefits of better accounting and control systems.

Fifty‐eight display applications are identified by specialization or industry and categorized into seven classes of display capability. Price performance forecasts are given for each of the seven classes of capabilities for the years 1963‐1965 and 1968‐1970.
Information Display in a Vehicular Traffic Control System Of the Post‐1970 Era
Authors: Bairdain Edith
Published: January 2025

This paper proposes the application of systems analysis and design techniques developed in space and military systems technology to the problem of national highway vehicular traffic control. A control system, comprised of computer and electronic peripheral equipment, information display equipment, highway traffic enforcement personnel and regulatory procedures is described, with emphasis on design considerations that must govern the information display components of such system. A Vehicular Traffic Control System would be designed to control the overwhelming increase of vehicular traffic over the nationwide system of highways projected into the next few decades. Information display in such a system will represent perhaps the most widespread use of electronic information display technology in the post‐1970 era.
Vision and lasers: human factors of laser displays
Authors: Gould John D. , Makous Walter L.
Published: January 2025

This paper discusses the visual factors of laser displays. General human factors recommendations for several visual variables are provided.
Hydrocortisone Attenuates the Development of Malformations of the Polymicrogyria Spectrum
Authors: Savoldi Laura Maria Borges , Heringer Luiza dos Santos , Carneiro Milena Batista , Martinez Ana Maria Blanco , Mendonça Henrique Rocha
Published: January 2025

Most of the malformations of the polymicrogyria spectrum are caused by destructive lesions of the neocortex during the third trimester of pregnancy, triggered by hypoxic–ischemic, hemorrhagic or infectious events, with neuroinflammation as a common pathophysiological mechanism. Our study investigated hydrocortisone treatment in attenuating inflammation, malformations development and seizures predisposition in mice subjected to neonatal transcranial freeze lesion. Our results show attenuation of malformation and predisposition to febrile seizures, with concomitant reduction of macrophages/microglia after neonatal freeze lesion, polarizing them towards an anti‐inflammatory profile. Thus, we have identified a promising treatment to minimize the development of cortical developmental malformations.
Optimized Transfer Learning With Hybrid Feature Extraction for Uterine Tissue Classification Using Histopathological Images
Authors: Patil Veena I. , Patil Shobha R.
Published: January 2025

Endometrial cancer, termed uterine cancer, seriously affects female reproductive organs, and the analysis of histopathological images formed a golden standard for diagnosing this cancer. Sometimes, early detection of this disease is difficult because of the limited capability of modeling complicated relationships among histopathological images and their interpretations. Moreover, many previous methods do not effectively handle the cell appearance variations. Hence, this study develops a novel classification technique called transfer learning convolution neural network with artificial bald eagle optimization (TL‐CNN with ABEO) for the classification of uterine tissue. Here, preprocessing is done by the median filter, followed by image enhancement by the multiple identities representation network (MIRNet). Moreover, pelican crow search optimization (PCSO) is used for adapting weights in MIRNet, where PCSO is generated by combining the crow search algorithm (CSA) and pelican optimization algorithm (POA). Then, segmentation quality assessment (SQA) helps in tissue segmentation, and deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) helps in parameter selection that is trained by fractional PCSO (FPCSO). Furthermore, feature extraction is done and, finally, cell classification is done by TL with CNN, which is trained by the proposed ABEO algorithm. Here, ABEO is newly developed by the integration of the bald eagle search (BES) algorithm and artificial hummingbird algorithm (AHA). Furthermore, ABEO + TL‐CNN achieved a high accuracy of 89.59%, a sensitivity of 90.25%, and a specificity of 89.89% by utilizing the cancer image archive dataset.
Early differential diagnosis of cystic biliary atresia and choledochal cyst in the fetus: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Guan Xisi , Zhong Wei , Ouyang Yu , Wang Zhe , Yan Bin , Hou Longlong , Wang Junjie , Wu Yue , Huang Lin , Liang Xiaoxiong , He Qiuming , Xiao Shangjie , Yu Jiakang
Published: January 2025

Background/Purpose

Fetal hilar cyst is primarily diagnosed as two diseases after birth, cystic biliary atresia (CBA) and choledochal cyst (CC). The aim of our study was to explore more reliable indicators in early differential diagnosis of these cysts.

Methods

We recruited a total of 50 cases with a prenatal diagnosis of hepatic cyst at three centers, and patients were divided into a CBA group (n = 16) and CC group (n = 34) according to postnatal intraoperative diagnosis. Patient features, maximal cyst diameter as measured by prenatal and early postnatal ultrasonography were analyzed and compared between the two groups, as was the effect of cyst size in predicting CBA.

Results

The maximal cyst diameters in the last prenatal ultrasound (LPU) measurement and initial postnatal ultrasound (IPU) in the CBA group were significantly smaller than in the CC group, as was the difference between the IPU and the first prenatal ultrasound (FPU) (i.e., IPU−FPU) in the CBA group relative to the CC group. The IPU–FPU difference showed the best diagnostic performance as a single parameter (AUC, 0.9806), with a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 90.3%, respectively, and a cutoff value of 7.5 mm.

Conclusion

Ultrasonographic measurement of the maximal cyst diameter can assist in early (within 1 week after birth) identification of CBA. An IPU‐FPU <7.5 mm suggested a higher possibility of a postnatal diagnosis of CBA.
Deciphering the Relationship Between Moisture Flux and Monsoon Extreme Rainfall Over the West Coast of India
Authors: Maria Tesna , Kottayil Ajil , Xavier Prince , John Viju O.
Published: January 2025

The west coast of India has recently been experiencing torrential monsoon rains, a trend that studies indicate is likely to continue under future warming scenarios. This study investigates the link between moisture flux and extreme rainfall over the west coast, using observational and reanalysis datasets for the monsoon seasons (June to September) from 1990 to 2023. The analysis shows that, over the Indian subcontinent, rainfall along the west coast is primarily influenced by large‐scale moisture flux from the Arabian Sea. By decomposing the vertically integrated moisture flux into dynamic and thermodynamic components, this study observes that the thermodynamic component of moisture flux exhibits an increasing trend over the southwest coast, while this increasing trend is more prominent for the dynamic component over the northwest coast. Extreme rainfall over the southwest coast is increasing at a rate of 0.23 mm per season, attributed primarily to the increase in the thermodynamic component of moisture flux. It is observed that the rate of sea surface temperature (SST) increase over the Arabian Sea is faster than over the Bay of Bengal, with the average SST over the southeast Arabian Sea exceeding 28°C in recent years. Observations indicate that warming over the southeast Arabian Sea is strongly coupled with moisture accumulation observed over the southwest coast. This study provides strong evidence of a link between moisture transport, extreme rainfall and SST, identifying the southwest coast as a region vulnerable to climate change. Over the northwest coast, the incidence of extreme rainfall is associated with the strengthening of dynamic processes, and the mean monsoon rainfall in this region is increasing in alignment with the rising dynamic component of moisture flux.