bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Precurved non-tunnelled catheters for haemodialysis are comparable in terms of infections and malfunction as compared to tunnelled catheters: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: van Oevelen Mathijs , Abrahams Alferso C , Weijmer Marcel C , Nagtegaal Tjerko , Dekker Friedo W , Rotmans Joris I , Meijvis Sabine CA , Bijlsma J.A. , van der Bogt K.E.A. , van de Brug A. , Douma C.E. , Hoorn E.J. , IJpelaar D.H.T. , Krol-van Straaten M.J. , Mui K.W. , Tordoir J.H.M. , Vincent H.H. , Zonnebeld N.
Published: October 2018

Background:

The main limitations of central venous catheters for haemodialysis access are infections and catheter malfunction. Our objective was to assess whether precurved non-tunnelled central venous catheters are comparable to tunnelled central venous catheters in terms of infection and catheter malfunction and to assess whether precurved non-tunnelled catheters are superior to straight catheters.

Materials and methods:

In this retrospective, observational cohort study, adult patients in whom a central venous catheter for haemodialysis was inserted between 2012 and 2016 were included. The primary endpoint was a combined endpoint consisting of the first occurrence of either an infection or catheter malfunction. The secondary endpoint was a combined endpoint of the removal of the central venous catheter due to either an infection or a catheter malfunction. Using multivariable analysis, cause-specific hazard ratios for endpoints were calculated for tunnelled catheter versus precurved non-tunnelled catheter, tunnelled catheter versus non-tunnelled catheter, and precurved versus straight non-tunnelled catheter.

Results:

A total of 1603 patients were included. No difference in reaching the primary endpoint was seen between tunnelled catheters, compared to precurved non-tunnelled catheters (hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.70–1.19, p = 0.48). Tunnelled catheters were removed less often, compared to precurved non-tunnelled catheters (hazard ratio, 0.65; 95% confidence interval, 0.46–0.93; p = 0.02). A trend for less infections and catheter malfunctions was seen in precurved jugular non-tunnelled catheters compared to straight non-tunnelled catheters (hazard ratio, 0.60; 95% confidence interval, 0.24–1.50; p = 0.28) and were removed less often (hazard ratio, 0.41; 95% confidence interval, 0.18–0.93; p = 0.03).

Conclusion:

Tunnelled central venous catheters and precurved non-tunnelled central venous catheters showed no difference in reaching the combined endpoint of catheter-related infections and catheter malfunction. Tunnelled catheters get removed less often because of infection/malfunction than precurved non-tunnelled catheters.
Cross-cancer Prediction: A Novel Machine Learning Approach to Discover Molecular Targets for Development of Treatments for Multiple Cancers
Authors: Gao Katie , Wang Dayong , Huang Yi
Published: October 2018

Conventional cancer drug development has long been limited to organ- or tissue-specific cancer types. However, it has become increasingly known that specific genetic abnormalities are responsible for the carcinogenesis of multiple cancers. The recent US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of the first multi-cancer drug, Keytruda, has demonstrated the feasibility of developing new drugs that target multiple cancers. Despite a promising future, methodological development for identifying multi-cancer molecular targets remains encumbered. This study developed a novel machine learning approach to identify such genes responsible for multiple cancers by synthesizing salient genomic information from cancer-specific classification models. This approach centered on the cross-cancer prediction method for identifying groups of cancers with high cross-cancer predictability. Furthermore, a robust hybrid classifier, comprising Prediction Analysis for Microarrays and Random Forest, was developed to integrate predictive models for gene inference. This approach has successfully identified key genes shared by endometrial cancer, mammary gland ductal carcinoma, and small cell lung cancer. The results are supported by published experimental evidence. This framework holds potential to transform the current methods of discovering multi-cancer molecular targets for clinical oncology.
Implementation in practice: The use of force to protect civilians in United Nations peacekeeping
Authors: Bode Ingvild , Karlsrud John
Published: October 2018

Since the failures of the United Nations of the early 1990s, the protection of civilians has evolved as a new norm for United Nations peacekeeping operations. However, a 2014 United Nations report found that while peacekeeping mandates often include the use of force to protect civilians, this has routinely been avoided by member states. What can account for this gap between the apparently solid normative foundations of the protection of civilians and the wide variation in implementation? This article approaches the question by highlighting normative ambiguity as a fundamental feature of international norms. Thereby, we consider implementation as a political, dynamic process where the diverging understandings that member states hold with regard to the protection of civilians norm manifest and emerge. We visualize this process in combining a critical-constructivist approach to norms with practice theories. Focusing on the practices of member states’ military advisers at the United Nations headquarters in New York, and their positions on how the protection of civilians should be implemented on the ground, we draw attention to their agency in norm implementation at an international site. Military advisers provide links between national ministries and contingents in the field, while also competing for being recognized as competent performers of appropriate implementation practices. Drawing on an interpretivist analysis of data generated through an online survey, a half-day workshop and interviews with selected delegations, the article adds to the understanding of norms in international relations while also providing empirical insights into peacekeeping effectiveness.
Designing double freeform surfaces for point source and extended sources using a construction, iteration and optimization process
Authors: Lai J , Li X , Ge P
Published: October 2018

In this paper, a construction-iteration-optimization method is developed to design a double freeform surface lens for point sources as well as extended sources to achieve uniform illuminance. In the construction process, the initial double freeform surfaces are first calculated by the variable separation method with preset source-target ray mapping to obtain the maximum utilization ratio with Fresnel loss. Then, the double freeform surfaces are fitted into a fourth-order XY polynomial surface considering both the coordinates and surface normals of the data points, which ensures the smoothness of freeform surfaces. To reduce the relative standard deviation of the illuminance distribution, an iteration process is required to reconstruct the two freeform surfaces by turns, and this process can be repeated several times to further decrease the deviation of the rays. The system after the construction-iteration process can be taken as a good starting point for further optimization with optical design software. Although the construction-iteration-optimization process is for a point source at first, with the advantage of multi-parameter representation of freeform surfaces we can further optimize the parameters for an extended source by replacing the point source. Simulation results for illuminance uniformity are demonstrated to verify the effectiveness of this method. The energy utilization ratios are above 86.5% and 82.3% with Fresnel loss, while the relative standard deviations of the illuminance distribution are less than 0.036 and 0.063 for a point source and an extended source, respectively.
An Assessment of Novel Biomarkers in Bone Metastatic Disease Using Multiplex Measurement and Multivariate Analysis
Authors: Windrichova Jindra , Kucera Radek , Fuchsova Radka , Topolcan Ondrej , Fiala Ondrej , Svobodova Jana , Finek Jindrich , Slipkova Dagmar
Published: October 2018

Aim:

Current diagnostics of bone metastatic disease is not satisfactory for early detection or regular process monitoring. The combination of biomarkers and the multiparametric approach was described as effective in other oncology diagnoses. The aim of the study was to improve the difference diagnostics between bone-metastatic disease and solid tumors using mutivariate logistic regression model.

Methods:

We assessed the group of 131 patients with the following diagnoses: prostate cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, and colorectal cancer. According to the results of scintigraphy, the cohort was divided into 2 groups based on the occurrence of bone metastases. Group 0 was a control group of 75 patients with no signs of bone metastases and group 1 included 56 patients with bone metastases.

Results:

We used stepwise selection multivariate logistic regression for choosing the multimarker formula for calculation of risk score for bone metastases diagnostics. For detection of bone metastasis, it was shown to be most effective measurement of 3 biomarkers: procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide, growth differentiation factor-15, and osteonectin and combining with calculation of risk score by designating measured concentrations in mathematical formula: bone risk score = procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide × 0.0500 + growth differentiation factor-15 × 1.4179 + osteonectin × 0.00555.

Conclusion:

We identified growth differentiation factor-15 as the best individual marker for bone metastasis diagnostics. The best formula for risk score includes levels of 3 biomarkers—procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide, growth differentiation factor-15, and osteonectin. The new score has better performance described by higher area under the curve than individual biomarkers. A further study is necessary to confirm these findings incorporating a larger number of patients.
Labour rights in the making of the EU and in the CJEU case law
Authors: Rainone Silvia
Published: October 2018

The present article inquires on the approach to labour rights that has characterized the development of the EU. First, it analyses the way in which the EU policy making refers to social and labour standards and to their function within the process of EU integration. Subsequently, the article turns to the CJEU interpretation of workers' rights, by taking the Directive on transfers of undertaking as case study. The concluding findings are that there is a certain degree of convergence between the CJEU's reasoning and the policy documents. In both cases, it is possible to identify a gradual change in the approach to labour rights, which are more and more considered from a market-oriented perspective. The article concludes observing that this has led to the progressive weakening of the protective function of the analysed labour norms.
News and Trends in Fintech and Digital Microfinance: Why Are European MFIs Invisible?
Authors: Ashta Arvind
Published: October 2018

European microfinance suffers from a visibility deficit. It is rarely mentioned in the media. Our research question is ‘Why does European microfinance suffer from a lack of visibility in the press?’ This study looked at news reports and press releases over a 18-month period (2016–2018) to check if European microfinance and its innovations were in the news. The study finds that, indeed, there are a lot of new innovations in finance. But, first, in Europe, the highly talked about fintech innovations are taking place outside of microfinance institutions (MFIs). Second, the innovations that are talked about in microfinance are taking place in developing countries out of Europe. The study followed this up by examining websites of some of the leading European fintech firms to see what they were doing that made them so visible. We share some best practices in the use of digital technologies by highly innovative fintech firms in areas that could be of use to MFIs in diverse sectors such as mobile payments, credit scoring, card readers, ATMs and management information systems. To become visible, European microfinance may need to demonstrate that it is doing new things and that it is using innovative technologies that helps it reduce costs, increase outreach and, thus, have an impact. Forii such as the European Microfinance Network and the European Microfinance Platform need to promote these innovations by offering appropriate awards. Finally, collaborating with training and educational institutes may help add to visibility.
Family Health Conversations Conducted by Telephone in Heart Failure Nursing Care: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Gusdal Annelie K. , Josefsson Karin , Adolfsson Eva T. , Martin Lene
Published: October 2018

Registered nurses (RNs) in heart failure (HF) nursing care have a key role in providing family support, which positively affects the outcome for the patient. Telephone interventions conducted by RNs have been reported to be successful in HF nursing care, but Family Health Conversations (FamHCs) involving the patient and the family, have not previously been tested. The purpose of the current study was to explore the experiences and feasibility of nurse-led FamHCs conducted by telephone with patients and their family caregivers. A single-group intervention study with a pretest–posttest design was conducted in three regional hospitals that had a nurse-led HF clinic. Five RNs, eight patients, and eight family caregivers participated. Three FamHCs were conducted by telephone with each family every 2 weeks. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected through semistructured interviews and questionnaires. FamHCs improved the nurse–family relationships and relationships within the families and provided RNs with new knowledge about the families. FamHCs conducted by telephone were considered to be feasible for both families and RNs, although RNs preferred fewer and shorter FamHCs. The RNs preferred meeting face-to-face with the families as nonverbal communication between the family members could be missed because of lack of visual input. On the other hand, RNs appreciated to focus entirely on the conversation without the need to perform illness-related routine checks. In conclusion, the advantages of FamHCs conducted by telephone outweighed the disadvantages. Visual contact, provided by video telephony, and a shorter version of the tested FamHC would facilitate the use in HF nursing care.
Composition and context drivers of residential property location value as a socioeconomic status measure
Authors: Coffee Neil T , Lockwood Tony , Rossini Peter , Niyonsenga Theo , McGreal Stanley
Published: October 2018

Research applying residential property value as a socioeconomic status measure is increasing. The literature includes several measures of residential property value socioeconomic status, all of which highlight location as an important component. This paper examines the drivers of the location component of residential property value that form the basis of its application as a socioeconomic status measure. The metropolitan area of Adelaide, South Australia, is used as a study area to analyse the composition and context embodied in residential property location value. The focus of this paper is to provide an understanding of the drivers of residential property value calculated as the relative location factor, deliberately constructed to reflect the effect on value due to location. The analysis reduced the traditional composition measures of social structure into a smaller number of factors using principal component analysis and regressed these against relative location factor. A spatial lens was applied to the results using Moran’s I to visualise the composition and context influence embodied in relative location factor. The results provided a significantly enhanced understanding of both the composition and context of socioeconomic status wealth that may be a more suitable socioeconomic status measure than the traditional composition measures of income, education and occupation. This paper provides an original interpretation of the contribution and use of residential property location value enabling a broader understanding of socioeconomic status, concluding that relative location factor provided a more informed measure of socioeconomic status, capable of enhancing social science and health research and policy formation.
Requiem for a heavyweight – can anything more be learned from homing pigeons about the sensory and spatial-representational basis of avian navigation?
Authors: Bingman Verner P.
Published: October 2018

The homing pigeon (Columba livia) has long served as a study species to exhaustively investigate the sensory and spatial (map)-representational mechanisms that guide avian navigation. However, several factors have contributed to recent questioning of whether homing pigeons are as valuable as they once were as a general model for the study of the sensory and map-like, spatial-representational mechanisms of avian navigation. These reservations include: the success of this research program in unveiling navigational mechanisms; the burgeoning of new tracking technologies making navigational experiments on long-distance migratory and other wild birds much more accessible; the almost complete loss of the historically dominant, large-scale pigeon loft/research facilities; and prohibitive university per diem costs as well as animal care and use restrictions. Nevertheless, I propose here that there remain good prospects for homing pigeon research that could still profoundly influence how one understands aspects of avian navigation beyond sensory mechanisms and spatial-representational strategies. Indeed, research into neural mechanisms and brain organization, social/personality influences and genetics of navigation all offer opportunities to take advantage of the rich spatial behavior repertoire and experimental convenience of homing pigeons. Importantly, research in these areas would not necessarily require the large number of birds typically used in the past to study the sensory guidance of navigation. For those of us who have had the opportunity to work with this remarkable animal, one research door may be closing, but a window into exciting future opportunities lies ajar.
Using a shell as a wing: pairing of dissimilar appendages in Atlantiid heteropod swimming
Authors: Karakas Ferhat , D'Oliveira Daniel , Maas Amy E. , Murphy David W.
Published: October 2018

Atlantiid heteropods are zooplanktonic marine snails which have a calcium carbonate shell and single swimming fin. They actively swim to hunt prey and vertically migrate. Previous accounts of atlantiid heteropod swimming described these animals sculling with the swimming fin while the shell passively hung beneath the body. Here we show, via high speed stereophotogrammetric measurements of body, fin, and shell kinematics, that the atlantiid heteropod Atlanta selvagensis actively flaps both the swimming fin and shell in a highly coordinated wing-like manner in order to swim in the intermediate Reynolds number regime (Re=10-100). The fin and shell kinematics indicate that atlantiid heteropods use unsteady hydrodynamic mechanisms such as the clap and fling and delayed stall. Unique features of atlantid heteropod swimming include the coordinated pairing of dissimilar appendages, use of the clap and fling mechanism twice during each stroke cycle, and the fin's extremely large stroke amplitude which exceeds 180°.
Impact of educational leadership and interprofessional learning on vascular access training
Authors: Hulse Anna , Cochrane Jill
Published: October 2018

Educational leadership supports the effective transfer of knowledge and clinical skills between practitioners. Evaluation of training is imperative to ensure safe and effective transfer of learning into clinical practice. This study explores and critically evaluates the impact of educational leadership on practitioner development and clinical practice, focusing specifically on paediatric vascular access. An educational intervention, consisting of theory and practical simulation of venepuncture and cannulation, followed by interprofessional mentorship and supported practice in the clinical setting, was provided to 18 foundation doctors. Data regarding knowledge and skills before and after the intervention, evaluation of expert facilitation and practitioner development was collected through a three-stage process: before and after the training, and in a short semistructured interview six weeks after the intervention. Overall, practitioners' knowledge and clinical skills were improved, which illustrates the benefits of collaborative learning. Findings also show there is a need for specialist education and training, and that educational leadership needs to be promoted in healthcare settings. There are benefits in having education delivered in collaborative partnerships and by experts and skilled practitioners. This study also highlights that vascular access training within paediatrics varies a widely.
Diabetes arising from pancreatic exocrine problems
Authors: Morris David
Published: October 2018

This condition, also known as Type 3C diabetes, is frequently misdiagnosed, writes David Morris
Enhancing the Light Harvesting Efficiency, Open Circuit Voltage And Stability of Molybdenum Doped (Zno)6 Nanocluster in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: A DFT Study
Authors: Dheivamalar S. , Bansura banu K.
Published: October 2018

In this study, the electronic and structural properties of drum structured Mo-doped Zn6O6 (MoZn5O6) cluster as the π conjugated bridging in the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) were compared with its pristine form by density functional theory (DFT) calculations under Gaussian 09 Program. The frontier molecular orbital study was explored to determine the charge transport characteristics of donor-acceptor moieties over the entire visible range and the electron injection from the valence band (LUMO) orbital to the conduction band (HOMO) orbital of MoZn5O6. The energy gap (Eg), binding energy (EB), global reactivity descriptors, thermodynamic parameters and the dipole moment were also calculated for MoZn5O6 and compared with Zn6O6. The density of states (DOS) of MoZn5O6 material was investigated to demonstrate the importance of d orbital of Mo atom in hybridization. To examine the charge distribution, Mulliken atomic charge distribution and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) were analyzed. A spectroscopic study was included for the better perception of the interaction of Mo with Zn6O6 cluster. The increased value of the first-order hyperpolarizability of MoZn5O6 from its pure clustermanifests the MoZn5O6 is a better candidate with the superior nonlinear optical property. The analysis of UV-Vis spectra through the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) discovers that the MoZn5O6 has larger light harvesting efficiency (LHE) which influences the higher photon to current conversion efficiency. As a result, the valence band (LUMO) of MoZn5O6 is intense than the conduction band (HOMO) of MoZn5O6 making an increase in the open circuit voltage (VOC) and hence it confirms that the MoZn5O6 material can be a used in photovoltaic applications.
Synthesis, Characterization and Herbicidal Activity of Amide Derivatives of Glyphosate
Authors: Kaur Gill Jatinder Pal , Sethi Nidhi , Mohan Anand
Published: October 2018

The present work includes synthesis of a series of amide derivatives of glyphosate and their characterization. The structure analysis of these new derivatives was done with the help of FTIR and 1H NMR, Further, their herbicidal activity was analyzed on one of the common weeds (Parthenium hysterophorus). Under the influence of amide derivatives of glyphosate it was found that the chlorophyll content (Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b and total Chlorophyll content) of the weed was found to lessen than the control. Moreover, these synthesized derivatives are less polar as compared to the parent glyphosate molecule thereby can emphatically reduce the problem of their leaching into the groundwater.
Biopolymer Coated Coreshell Magnetite Nanoparticles for Rifampicin Delivery
Authors: Chellapan Justin , Vincent Samrot Antony , Annamalai An Arun , Bhattacharya Rai Kamal , Sathiyamoorthy Padmanaban , Sai Sahithya Chamarthy
Published: October 2018

In this study, chemically synthesized magnetite was produced where the size was found to be size between 50 and 60nm with para ferro magnetic property. Coreshell magnetite nanoparticles was produced with initial coating of rifampicin by ultrasonication and was encapsulated with any of one among four different biopolymers namely chitosan, starch, casein and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). Coreshell nanoparticles were analysed for their drug loading efficiency and drug release studies. PHB and chitosan loaded particles were observed to release drug steadily. All the biopolymer coated nanoparticles were subjected to antibacterial activity against Klebsiella sp by agar well diffusion method. PHB and chitosan coating of the particles were found to be the best for holding rifampicin. Magnetite was subjected for MTT based cytotoxicity assay against peripheral mononuclear cells and its LC50 was found at 60 µg/ml.
HPLC Analysis of Chemical Composition of Selected Jordanian Medicinal Plants and Their Bioactive Properties
Authors: Al-Rimawi Fuad , Alakhras Fadi , Al-Zereini Wael A. , Aldal'in Hammad K. , Abu-Lafi Saleh , Al-Mazaideh Ghassab M. , Ayyal Salman Haya J.
Published: October 2018

Three medicinal plants grown wild in Jordan, namely Achillea santolina L, Achillea fragrantisimma, Asteriscus graveolens (Forssk) Less, were extracted with ethyl acetate by continuous shaking at room temperature for three days. The antibacterial activity of the crude extract was evaluated. The extracts were analyzed for their phenolic and flavonoids content by HPLC-PDA. The HPLC analysis of the plant extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds in the three plant extracts. Results revealed a strong antibacterial activity of A. graveolens against three bacterial strains (B. subtilis, E. coli, and S.aureus) while A. fragrantissima inhibited the growth of B. subtilis. Bioactivities were attributed mainly to the immense content of phenol-based compounds in plants.
La humanización de la salud y las nuevas tecnologías
Authors: Oger Silvia Noemi
Published: October 2018

El advenimiento de los avances científicos y tecnológicos aportó a la medicina una importante variedad de recursos; esto permitió a los profesionales de la salud mejorar la calidad asistencial en cuanto a diagnóstico y terapéutica. Pero, por otro lado, en ocasiones su uso repercutió desfavorablemente en la relación paciente-equipo de salud.El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo evaluar retrospectivamente la implementación de las nuevas tecnologías y su impacto sobre esta relación, reflexionando desde la perspectiva bioética, la responsabilidad que les cabe en el proceso de deshumanización de la medicina.
Humanización y acción
Authors: Bermejo Jose Carlos , Villacieros Durban Marta
Published: October 2018

En este artículo se revisa el significado de la palabra humanizar y el fundamento de la humanización entendido como vulnerabilidad y dignidad. Se resumen los ámbitos clave para la humanización, como el político-económico, el de la justicia, las estructuras, el cultural y el de la relación interpersonal. Se ahonda en las causas de deshumanización, como son la injusticia, el poder, la incultura y el desarrollo tecnológico, la despersonalización, la burocratización, la corrupción, el dolor y el sufrimiento o la falta de formación. Finalmente se proponen acciones humanizadoras que incluyen los ámbitos revisados.
Crise et sciences humaines. Entretien avec Paul Jorion
Authors: Jorion Paul , Simonson Matthieu
Published: October 2018

Paul Jorion est chroniqueur au Monde-Économie et sur BFM Radio. Il est diplômé en sociologie et en anthropologie sociale (Docteur en Sciences Sociales de l’Université Libre de Bruxelles). Il a enseigné aux universités de Bruxelles, Cambridge, Paris VIII et à l’Université de Californie à Irvine. Il a également été fonctionnaire des Nations-Unies (FAO), participant à des projets de développement en Afrique. Paul Jorion a travaillé de 1998 à 2007 dans le milieu bancaire américain en tant que spécialiste de la formation des prix. Il avait préalablement été trader sur le marché des futures dans une banque française. Il a publié un ouvrage en anglais relatif aux répercussions pour les marchés boursiers de la faillite de la compagnie Enron : Investing in a Post-Enron World (McGraw-Hill : 2003). Il a publié, La crise du capitalisme américain (La Découverte : 2007 : Le Croquant 2009), L’implosion. La finance contre l’économie : ce que révèle et annonce « la crise des subprimes » (Fayard : 2008) et La crise. Des subprimes au séisme financier planétaire (Fayard : 2008). Ses deux ouvrages les plus récents sont L’argent, mode d’emploi (Fayard : 2009) et Comment la vérité et la réalité furent inventées (Gallimard : 2009).
Identificación de prácticas en la gestión de la cadena de suministro sostenible para la industria alimenticia
Authors: Rodriguez Guevara Edgar Guillermo
Published: October 2018

El artículo que se presenta a continuación tiene como objetivo identificar las prácticas implementadas en la gestión de la cadena de suministro sostenible de empresas de la industria alimenticia a nivel internacional. Para su desarrollo metodológico se realizó una revisión de una muestra de documentos científicos que permitió la identificación de prácticas por medio de las técnicas de análisis del discurso y de análisis reticular, a fin de evidenciar las múltiples relaciones entre las dimensiones y las categorías asociadas a lagestión de la cadena de suministro sostenible. Los resultados contribuyen a la compresión de la sostenibilidad en los aspectos productivos asociados al ámbito económico, social y ambiental, y aportan a la trasferencia de conocimiento científico a los empresarios, investigadores y encargados de la producción en una industria que se enfrenta a un entorno competitivo,caracterizado por las exigencias en trazabilidad e inocuidad, los cambios en las demandas de los consumidores y la seguridad alimentaria
Estrategias de gestión en innovación para empresas de rehabilitación física de Bucaramanga, Colombia
Authors: Rondón Fajardo Silvia Juliana , Camacho Rodríguez Doriam Esperanza
Published: October 2018

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación cuyo objetivo fue diseñar estrategias de gestión en innovación para tres empresas de rehabilitación física de Bucaramanga. Se trata de una investigación con un enfoque de tipo estudio de caso y descriptiva, cuyos resultados surgen de la aplicación del “Instrumento de evaluación de gestión en innovación para los servicios de rehabilitación física de Bucaramanga”. Los hallazgos encontrados identificaron que cuando las organizaciones tienen presente que a fin de alcanzar altos niveles de competitividad es necesario el desarrollo de estrategias en conformidad con las necesidades más sobresalientes, le permitirán a la empresa ser productiva, facilitando el aprendizaje dentro de la organización para que exista una real cultura de innovación en todos losniveles que componen la compañía, y mantener así un cambio continuo con el fin de mejorar procesos.
Filozofia jako poszukiwanie wiecznego bytu i ponadczasowej mądrości
Authors: Wadowski Jan
Published: October 2018

In the first introductory part of the article, I discuss the contemporary paradigmin philosophy, which tends to avoid addressing some crucial subjects and issues. It seems that contemporary philosophy surrenders to the paradigm of promissorymaterialism, dominant in the particular sciences, whereas searching for the eternalshould be the main task of the love of wisdom.In the second part of the article I focus on the issue of eternity, being inspired by theworks of such authors as: A. Huxley, P. D. Uspienski, L. Kołakowski, M. Kojfman,R. Sheldrake, M. Beauregard, B. Griffiths and P. van Lommel. The eternal dimension isreal and it is expressed in the spiritual aspirations. To achieve them certain practise isnecessary to discover what is non-dual (such ideas may be found i.e. in the PatanjaliYoga). In the paper, I assume that the direct contemplation of truth is possible and it requiresintegration of the inner attitude and the external exercises (spirit and body), mindand intuition, rationality and spirituality.
Student Attitudes toward Active Learning vs. Lecture in Cell Biology Instruction
Authors: Brigati Jennifer
Published: October 2018

Active learning increases performance in STEM courses, but many instructors are hesitant to adopt active-learning practices because they are afraid students will have negative attitudes toward them. It was hypothesized that students whose first college biology experience was in a course that used active learning would have more positive attitudes toward active learning than students who initially experienced a traditional lecture-based course. Students in an introductory Cell Biology course were queried regarding their attitudes toward active-learning practices used in the class. Responses to a Likert-scale survey indicated that students had positive attitudes toward active learning, and an analysis of variance indicated that there were no significant differences between the attitudes of students who had previously taken a lecture-based biology course at the same institution, students who had previously taken a biology course at another institution, and students who were enrolled in Cell Biology as their first college biology experience (n = 52, P = 0.530). Students strongly favored active-learning techniques over passive techniques but were less convinced of their learning benefits. Experienced students indicated that they preferred the teaching methods used in Cell Biology over the techniques used in their prior biology course. The results indicate that in the context of a small classroom setting, most students have positive attitudes toward active learning regardless of their prior biology lecture experiences.
The Exposome: Making Chemical Exposures Relevant to Biology Instruction
Authors: Haine Dana Brown
Published: October 2018

“Investigating the Exposome: Vinyl Chloride Exposure, DNA Damage & Repair” is a data interpretation and graphing activity that provides students a relevant context in which to explore and refine what they know about DNA structure and function, mutation, DNA repair, and cancer formation. The activity utilizes published scientific data and invites students to assess the impact of exposure to vinyl chloride on DNA in an effort to introduce them to the concept of the exposome and engage them in this exciting field of scientific research.
Childhood Obesity and Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
Authors: Perry Daniel C. , Metcalfe David , Lane Steven , Turner Steven
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND:

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is believed to be associated with childhood obesity, although the strength of the association is unknown.

METHODS:

We performed a cohort study using routine data from health screening examinations at primary school entry (5–6 years old) in Scotland, linked to a nationwide hospital admissions database. A subgroup had a further screening examination at primary school exit (11–12 years old).

RESULTS:

BMI was available for 597 017 children at 5 to 6 years old in school and 39 468 at 11 to 12 years old. There were 4.26 million child-years at risk for SCFE. Among children with obesity at 5 to 6 years old, 75% remained obese at 11 to 12 years old. There was a strong biological gradient between childhood BMI at 5 to 6 years old and SCFE, with the risk of disease increasing by a factor of 1.7 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5–1.9) for each integer increase in BMI z score. The risk of SCFE was almost negligible among children with the lowest BMI. Those with severe obesity at 5 to 6 years old had 5.9 times greater risk of SCFE (95% CI 3.9–9.0) compared with those with a normal BMI; those with severe obesity at 11 to 12 years had 17.0 times the risk of SCFE (95% CI 5.9–49.0).

CONCLUSIONS:

High childhood BMI is strongly associated with SCFE. The magnitude of the association, temporal relationship, and dose response added to the plausible mechanism offer the strongest evidence available to support a causal association.
Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en población general de Bucaramanga, Colombia
Authors: Cáceres-Manrique Flor De María , Parra-Prada Laura Milena , Pico-Espinosa Oscar Javier
Published: October 2018

Objetivo Determinar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) en población general del área urbana de Bucaramanga.Metodología Encuesta transversal, realizada entre septiembre y noviembre de 2013, donde se aplicó el cuestionario SF-36 para medir CVRS en población general residentes en cuatro barrios seleccionados por conveniencia. La información fue sistematizada en el programa Excel, se calcularon puntajes por cada dominio y se compararon por edad, sexo, ocupación, escolaridad y estrato socioeconómico de los participantes.Resultados Se entrevistaron 1 098 personas entre 15 y 99 años, 732 (66,7%) mujeres, con edad promedio de 46 años, mediana de escolaridad de 11 años, residentes en estratos socioeconómicos 1 a 4, dedicados principalmente a actividades de comercio/servicios y hogar. Los puntajes en todos los dominios fueron superiores a 60%, considerados indicadores de buena CVRS. Sin embargo, hay un decline de la CVRS con el aumento de la edad, en contraste, los hombres mostraron mejores puntajes de CVRS que las mujeres en todos los dominios, además los estudiantes y personas con mayor escolaridad presentaron niveles más altos de CVRS.Discusión La CVRS en ésta población fue reportada como buena, sin embargo, se identificaron diferencias por edad, sexo, escolaridad y ocupación; que pueden sugerir inequidades en el acceso y uso de los servicios de salud. Estos hallazgos orientan acciones de promoción de la salud tendientes a mejorar la CVRS en éstos grupos vulnerables, como parte de las estrategias del Plan Decenal de Salud Pública en la ciudad.
Verificación del cumplimiento de la minuta patrón sin eliminación de la muestra en servicios de alimentación escolar: diseño y validación de una metodología
Authors: Agudelo-Ibáñez Deissy Rocío , Muñoz-Tobar María Cristina , Rojas-Ramírez Yesica Andrea , Cubillos-Vásquez Sandra Maritza
Published: October 2018

Objetivo Tradicionalmente la verificación de la minuta patrón implica la eliminación de la muestra evaluada debido al grado de manipulación a la que es sometida. Se propone una nueva metodología sin eliminación de la muestra en el proceso de evaluación de la minuta patrón, en comparación con la metodología convencional con descarte, y validar su uso en un grupo de comedores escolares en la ciudad de Bogotá.Materiales y Métodos Se llevó a cabo una prueba piloto en nueve comedores, para seleccionar la metodología de implementación más factible, considerando los aspectos de medición de peso y volumen, tiempos de ejecución, temperaturas y riesgo microbiológico para componentes sólidos y líquidos. Para el componente líquido se desarrolló una fórmula que establece la relación entre peso y volumen de las bebidas ofrecidas.Resultados Los resultados muestran que no existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las mediciones de peso y volumen obtenidos con la metodología propuesta “Medición por componente en plato tarado” en comparación con la habitual de “Medición por plato completo y descarte de muestra”.Conclusión Es necesaria la implementación de una nueva metodología de verificación de la minuta patrón en servicios de alimentación que no implique la eliminación de las muestras y propenda por la disminución de los desperdicios y el ahorro de recursos económicos para las instituciones.
Epidemiological profile of primary cutaneous melanoma over a 15-year period at a private skin cancer center in Colombia
Authors: Pozzobon Flavia Carolina , Acosta Alvaro Enrique
Published: October 2018

Objetivo Describir las características clínicas, histopatológicas y de tratamiento del melanoma de una institución privada en Bogotá, Colombia, e identificar las diferencias con respecto al sexo y la edad.Métodos Estudio observacional retrospectivo. Se evaluaron 415 registros médicos entre enero de 1999 y mayo de 2014Resultados Se incluyeron 415 pacientes, 244 (58,8%) mujeres, 171 (41,2%) mujeres con una edad media de 56,1 ± 16,2 DE. El melanoma de extensión superficial fue el subtipo principal (n=175, 42,7%). El grosor del Breslow ≤1mm fue predominante. Los fototipos II y III fueron los más frecuentes (n=87, 69,6%). Los melanomas estuvieron predominantemente localizados en la cabeza en los hombres (n=83, 50,3%) y las extremidades inferiores en las mujeres (n=89, 36,8%), con una frecuencia más alta para el patrón de extensión superficial (SSMM) entre los pacientes con edad ≤65 años y lentigo maligno (LM) en pacientes ancianos mayores de 65 años (p<0,001) con un mayor número de melanomas ulcerados para este último grupo (p=0,046).Conclusiones Se encontró un predominio de SSMM delgados y fototipos de piel clara, a diferencia de los reportes previos que mostraban al melanoma lentiginoso acral (ALM) como preponderante. Lo que podría deberse a las variaciones locales relacionadas con el origen étnico mixto.
A várandóssággal kapcsolatos szorongást mérő Pregnancy Related Thoughts kérdőív hazai adaptálása
Authors: Kopcsó Krisztina , Bornemisza Ágnes , Sz. Makó Hajnalka
Published: October 2018

Abstract:

Introduction: Although pregnancy related anxiety has significant, negative effects on the outcomes of mothers, birth and children, there is a lack of research in Hungary regarding its prevalence and characteristics. Aim: The aim of the present study was the adaptation of the Pregnancy Related Thoughts by Rini et al. for a Hungarian sample, including the investigation of its psychometric properties. Method: 248 pregnant women, aged 30.46 years (SD = 4.94) responded our online questionnaire, at 4–40 weeks of gestation (M = 27.9; SD = 9.52). Besides the Pregnancy Related Thoughts, relevant demographic and health questions, generalized anxiety and depression screeners, a relationship satisfaction scale and a sense of control questionnaire were applied. Results: The 9-item Hungarian version of the Pregnancy Related Thoughts proved to be a reliable and valid one-dimensional questionnaire, with the highest score among women in the first trimester. Pregnancy-specific anxiety significantly and moderately correlated with trait-anxiety, depression, external control, subjective health status and relationship satisfaction, in the expected direction. In addition, women who experienced bleeding or abdominal pain during pregnancy reported significantly higher pregnancy related anxiety than others. Conclusion: The Hungarian version of the Pregnancy Related Thoughts can be a useful instrument for mapping pregnancy anxiety in Hungary. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(43): 1754–1760.
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PROGRAM FOR ELDERLY AND ECONOMY FOR THE HEALTH SYSTEM
Authors: Daher Samir Salim , Nogueira Monica Paschoal , Ferreira Mauro , Tedeschi Marcia Regina Martinez , Martinez Lilton Rodolfo Castellan , Shirassu Mirian Matsura
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the impact of physical activity on the use of the health system and the quality of life in sedentary elderly. Methods: A prospective interventional study was carried out between March 2010 and February 2011 with 100 subjects (60-90 years of age,) divided into active group (AG) and control group (CG). During this period, AG performed physical exercise twice a week in 60-minute sessions and the CG remained sedentary with observation of their activities. Before and after the study, all subjects were clinically evaluated and completed a quality of life questionnaire. Results: Eighty-nine subjects (AG = 44; CG = 45) were analyzed. AG had fewer visits to emergency room (p = 0.0056), hospitalizations (p = 0.0011), length of hospital stay (p = 0.0012) and fewer subsidiary tests (p = 0.0236) compared to the CG. The quality of life score analyzed before and after physical activity increased in AG compared to CG (p < 0.0001) and among subjects in AG (p < 0.0001), with no change in the CG. Conclusion: The intervention of a physical activity program for sedentary elderly can contribute to reduce the use of the health system and improve the quality of life. Level of evidence II, Therapeutics Studies. Prospective comparative study.
NUMBER AND STRUCTURE OF FARMS IN POLISH AGRICULTURE AND IN SELECTED EU MEMBER STATES BETWEEN 2005 AND 2013
Authors: Jóźwiak Wojciech , Mirkowska Zofia
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this study was to confirm the changes in the number and structure of farms in Poland, as well as in selected EU countries between 2005 and 2013. The selection of countries was intentional, taking into account the following criteria: level of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and EU ‘seniority’ (older and newer states). A decrease in the number of farms was observed, along with the polarization process present in their structure, consisting in the occurrence of two leading farm groups: large commercial farms, being the main source of agricultural family income, and semi-subsistence or even substantial subsistence farms being the source of additional income. This cluster of farm groups was defined as auxiliary. Their share in the overall number of farms was dependent on the level of GDP per capita. In countries with high levels of GDP (Belgium, the Netherlands), it was lower and amounted to approximately 11%, while in the countries with a low level of GDP (Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia, Poland, Bulgaria, Romania), it went beyond 30%. In all countries, except for Bulgaria and Romania, the level of intensity of production organization in auxiliary farms was lower. This was also the for in the production volume per hectare of arable land.
Etnografía, metodologías cualitativas e investigación en salud: un debate abierto
Authors: autores Varios
Published: October 2018

El libro que aquí presentamos es, en gran parte, fruto del VII Coloquio de la Red de Antropología Médica (REDAM. Las distintas aportaciones se encuentran divididas en tres grandes bloques: el primero, en el que se entra de lleno en esta discusión global acerca de los alcances y los límites de la antropología médica y de su colaboración con las metodologías cuantitativas en el campo de la salud, en especial con la epidemiología. El segundo, en que se analizan distintas experiencias de investigación con un especial énfasis en los aspectos metodológicos de las mismas. Y, el tercero, en el que, como no podía ser de otra manera tratándose de los sistemas de salud de nuestras sociedades contemporáneas, se plantea la problemática en el seno de una de sus instituciones principales, como es el hospital.
Alquimia del dolor
Authors: Montiel Llorente Luis
Published: October 2018

Alquimia del dolor pretende explorar las relaciones entre medicina y literatura tanto en la perspectiva de la más exigente investigación académica como desde el punto de vista de la utilidad de los textos literarios en la formación de los profesionales de la salud. Su tema lo constituyen las reflexiones de algunos de los más importantes creadores de la literatura occidental sobre los tres grandes asuntos que estructuran la obra: ?la enfermedad, la muerte y la medicina?, ?el inconsciente y la locura? y ?las ciencias de la vida en el espejo de la literatura?. Los estudios que componen el libro son el resultado del trabajo de su autor durante más de treinta años en este ámbito de investigación y docencia universitaria.
Locuras, culturas e historia
Authors: autores Varios
Published: October 2018

El objetivo del presente volumen es evidenciar aún más la necesidad existente de observar el proceso salud, enfermedad y atención en salud mental como un continuum donde la presencia, la historia y la cultura tengan un valor fundamental en la lectura terapéutica y su interpretación. Estos elementos permiten considerar la manera de definir, explicar y vivir los trastornos mentales tanto por parte del sujeto como de los terapeutas biomédicos.