bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combined effects of heavy metals and parasite infections on the haematological and biochemical profiles of wild rats from Awotan Municipal Dumpsite in Ibadan City
Authors: Adeyemo S.A. , 1Ogundayomi J.K , Morenikeji O.A.
Published: October 2021

The combined effects of heavy metals and parasitic infections on wild rats from Awotan municipal dumpsite in Ibadan city southwest Nigeria were determined. A total of thirty rats were captured from the dumpsite and five rats from a control site using live traps. Rats were identified, weighed and body length measured to determine body condition index. Blood samples were collected from the rats using the cardiac puncture method. Rats were euthanized and dissected to extract various organs (kidney, liver and intestine). Intestinal helminths were extracted, identified and preserved. Blood parasites were identified using Giemsa staining technique of thick and thin films while intestinal helminths recovered were preserved and identified to species level. Organs, intestinal helminths and blood samples were digested and concentrated for heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Cr, Cd, and Pb) using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Cortisol level was determined using ELISA technique. All statistical significance was at probability value p < 0.05. Three species of rats were captured, Rattus rattus, Rattus novergicus and Cricetomys gambianus. The mean ± sd of the body condition index of the rats from dumpsite and control groups were 1.82±0.17 and 1.59± 0.38 respectively. There were significant differences in the mean values of eosinophils, platelets and white blood cell counts of rats from the two study sites. Overall parasite prevalence in dumpsite and control were 76.6% and 20% respectively. The overall prevalence of parasite  species from dumpsite was in the order Hymenolepis diminuta (26.6%) >Monoliformis monoliformis (20%) >Plasmodium spp (20%) >Trypanosoma spp (10%). The mean concentration (mg/kg) of heavy metals in kidney, liver, intestine and blood of wild rats from both dumpsite and control decreased in the order Fe> Cr> Cu> Cd> Pb. Cortisol level was higher in infected rats from dumpsite (351±58.83ng/ml) than in uninfected rats from dumpsite (237.22± 44.46ng/ml), indicating exposure to immune stressors. A higher prevalence of parasitic infection, heavy metal pollution and the elevated cortisol concentrations in infected rats showed that the animals’ health and well-being are compromised.
Detection of Genetic markers associated with Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance among malaria patients in Kaduna State, Nigeria
Authors: Benjamin G.Y. , Inabo H.I. , Doko M.H.I. , Olayinka B.O.
Published: October 2021

Malaria is a disease of public health concern in Nigeria and sub-Saharan Africa. It is caused by intracellular parasites of the genus Plasmodium. The aim of this study was to detect genetic markers associated with Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance among malaria patients in Kaduna State, Nigeria. The study was a cross-sectional study that lasted from May 2018 to October 2018. Three hundred blood samples were collected from consenting individuals attending selected hospitals, in the three senatorial districts of Kaduna State, Nigeria. Structured questionnaire were used to obtain relevant data from study participants. The blood samples were screened for malaria parasites using microscopy and rapid diagnostic test kit. Polymerase Chain Reaction was used for detection of the drug resistance genes. Pfcrt, pfmdr1, pfdhfr, pfdhps and pfatpase6 genes were detected at expected amplicon sizes from the malaria positive samples. The pfatpase6 PCR amplicons were sequenced and a phylogenetic tree was created to determine their relatedness. Result showed that Pfcrt (80%) had the highest prevalence, followed by pfdhfr (60%), pfmdr1 (36%) and pfdhps (8%). Pfatpase6 was also detected in 73.3% of the samples, and a phylogenetic tree showed relatedness between the pfatpase6  sequences in this study and those deposited in the GenBank. In conclusion, the study detected that Plasmodium falciparum genes were associated with drug resistance to commonly used antimalarials.
Ethnoregional Separatism in Europe: Disintegration vs. Integration?
Authors: Oskolkov P. V.
Published: October 2021

Having been in the 2000s far from the spotlight of the news, European separatism is gradually returning to the information fi eld, which is partly due to the alerting reports from Scotland and Catalonia. The paper attempts to answer the following questions: what is the nature of the ethnoregional separatism in the EU, how does disintegrational agenda cohabit with the European integration dynamics, and what are the prospects for European separatism. The review of the theoretical framework within which ethnic and regionalist separatism exists is followed by the analysis of the empirics gained from diff erent European regions claiming independence or autonomy, such as Scotland, Catalonia, Flanders, Brittany, and many others, in 2000–2021. The author attempts to demythologize the widespread misconception about separatism as a potentially deadly threat to the EU nation-states or the European unity. The research is situated within the constructivist view towards ethnicity and the symbolic practices employed by the separatists; this paradigm is complemented by the institutional approach to the EU governing bodies and practices. The author comes to the following conclusions: currently, disintegrative projects within the EU nation-states cannot be successful, because of the position of the EU and the member states, and due to the uncertainties in the ethnic regions themselves (however, Scotland makes for an important exception, because of Brexit). Most separatist cases in the EU are either of instrumental or of a pure autonomist nature and do not enjoy any support from the integrational grouping that is not ready for the troubles the “internal extension” might cause. Moreover, if in the late 20th century, a discernible trend for decentralization and devolution was present, now the pendulum took the reversed direction, or at least remains unmoving; the author observes the trend for recentralization or at least for the freezing of the current fragile balance.
On Deserted Landscapes and Divine Iconography: Iconographic Perspectives on the Origins of YHWH
Authors: Pyschny Katharina
Published: October 2021

In light of three important trends and developments within recent research—first, the interpretation, the dating and the literary growth of the second commandment (Exod 20:4 ‖ Deut 5:8); second, the reevaluation of ancient Israel’s origins; and, third, the continuously increasing archaeological and iconographic record—the article surveys potential repre­senta­tions of YHWH from pre-exilic and post-exilic times in order to evaluate them against the background of YHWH’s origins. Without aiming at a clear identification of YHWH imagery, the study analyses a broad range of iconographic material: anthropomorphic and theriomorphic figurines, the motif of “the lord of the ostriches,” a cult stand from Taanach, the Bes-like figurines on the drawings from Kuntillet Ajrud, humanoid figures on a sherd from a strainer jar, the motif of an enthroned deity on a boat, the so-called horse and rider figurines and a famous Yehud coin depicting a deity on a winged wheel. Based on this evidence, it will be argued that the iconographic data can and should be included as a verifying or falsifying per­spec­tive into the discussion about YHWH’s origins. In order to fulfill this function, the iconographic evidence has to be studied without a specific religious-historical reconstruction in mind. Instead, the full range of possible interpretations and the polyvalent character of the imagery in particular should be taken into account.
Modelo de valoración con opciones reales, rejillas trinomial, volatilidad cambiante, sesgo y función isoelástica de utilidad
Authors: Milanesi Gaston
Published: October 2021

La valoración de inversiones en empresas de base tecnológica, intangibles y start-up en mercados financieros emergentes, imperfectos e incompletos, tornan cuestionable el tradicional enfoque binomial de opciones reales. Por ello se propone un modelo numérico que modifica al tradicional modelo binomial, incorporando rejillas trinomiales, volatilidad cambiante, funciones isoelásticas de utilidad y aversión al riesgo variable. Estas características pretenden mejorar la valoración de proyectos no convencionales en mercados emergentes. Se empleó el método de análisis de casos para administración analizando la valoración de una estrategia de inversión sobre una firma de base tecnológica.  Los resultados obtenidos permiten comparar los diferentes valores, desde el clásico modelo binomial hasta el modelo numérico propuesto. Este último demostró superioridad, debido a que incorpora explícitamente variables en el proceso de valoración, como las preferencias del inversor frente al riesgo y los niveles de volatilidad según el ciclo de vida.
La importancia de los factores internos y externos en el éxito empresarial
Authors: Rico Belda Paz , Cabrer-Borrás Bernardí
Published: October 2021

El aumento de la productividad de una determinada economía requiere mejoras en la productividad de sus empresas, lo que se traduce en un mayor éxito empresarial. Cabe señalar que una empresa encaminada hacia el éxito es más productiva. El objetivo del trabajo es analizar cómo influyen los factores internos y los externos a la empresa en su productividad laboral. En este trabajo, se aporta evidencia que permite reconocer la importancia de la calidad de la gestión empresarial, por un lado, y de los factores relacionados con el funcionamiento de los mercados e instituciones, por otro, en la determinación de la productividad de las empresas. Los resultados evidencian que las prácticas de gestión empresarial, la calidad institucional y el entorno a la empresa contribuyen conjuntamente a la productividad empresarial. No obstante, se observan diferencias según el tamaño de las empresas, de forma que las empresas de menor tamaño presentan una menor productividad empresarial, que pueden aumentar si mejoran sus prácticas de gestión y su dotación en capital físico por trabajador. Además, si las instituciones invierten en mejorar el entorno en el que las empresas se localizan, éstas verán aumentar la probabilidad de alcanzar un mayor éxito empresarial.
Optimum Farm Plan for Higher Net Income in Southern and Eastern Dry Zone of Karnataka
Authors: A.P. Bhavya,
Published: October 2021

The present study was focused on deriving an optimum farm plan which would enhance the farm income in different farming systems in Southern and Eastern dry zones of Karnataka. Data collected from 240 respondents selected using random sampling technique from two districts viz. Mandya and Kolar. The dominant farming systems identified in the study areas were crop + dairy, crop + sheep rearing, Crop + dairy + sericulture, and crop + dairy + horticulture. Linear programming technique was used to work out the maximum attainable return. In Mandya district, crop + sheep farming system were providing an annual income of ` 92468 per farm with the total expenditure of ` 175400, whereas, an optimal plan can fetch a return of ` 278810 per farm with the similar expenditure. In Kolar district, crop + dairy was giving annual income of ` 168216 per farm with the total expenditure of ` 150000 and through an optimum plan, a farmer could earn ` 327996 per farm. Mandya district In farming system with the component of crop + dairy + sericulture, farmers were realizing an annual income of ` 296433 per farm with the total expenditure of ` 274947, where optimization can provide the farmer an income of ` 640487 per farm with similar expenditure and this system is turned out to be most remunerative among all the farming systems
ORTAÖĞRETİM ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN ALGILANAN OKUL PSİKOLOJİK DANIŞMAN DESTEĞİ İLE KARİYER KARAR VERME GÜÇLÜKLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: AYDOĞDU Fuat , DİLBER Yaşar , ŞAHİN Tuğba , SURAL Gizem , AKÇA Figen
Published: October 2021

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın temel amacı algılanan okul psikolojik danışman desteğinin öğrencilerin yaşadıkları kariyer karar verme güçlükleri ile anlamlı bir ilişkisi olup olmadığını incelemektir. Araştırma kapsamında ayrıca katılımcıların algılanan okul psikolojik danışman desteği ile kariyer karar verme güçlükleri puanlarının cinsiyet, sınıf düzeyi ve okul türü değişkenlerine göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığı incelenmiştir.
Yöntem: İlişkisel tarama yöntemiyle yürütülen bu araştırmada elde edilen veriler, Bursa’nın Gürsu ve Kestel ilçelerinin farklı okul türlerinde öğrenim gören 652 (Kız=420, Erkek=232) öğrenciden elde edilmiştir. Veriler, Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Algılanan Okul Psikolojik Danışman Desteği Ölçeği (AOPDDÖ) ve Kariyer Karar Verme Güçlüğü Ölçeği (KKVGÖ) ile toplanmıştır. Araştırma bulguları, SPSS Statistics 25 ile analiz edilerek elde edilmiştir. Yapılan normallik analizinden sonra grupların toplam puanlarına ilişkin farkı saptamak için Bağımsız Örneklemler t testi ve Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi (ANOVA) kullanılmıştır. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri belirlemek için Pearson Çarpım Momentler Katsayısı kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Yapılan analiz sonuçlarına göre AOPDDÖ alt boyut puanları ile KKVGÖ toplam puanı arasında ihmal edilebilir düzeyde negatif yönlü ilişkiler tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında yapılan fark istatistiklerine göre katılımcıların KKVGÖ alt boyutlarından olan Hazırlık Eksikliği puanları cinsiyetlerine göre farklılaşırken; ölçeğin diğer alt boyutlarından aldıkları puanlar ve toplam puanlarında cinsiyetlerine göre farklılaşma bulunamamıştır. Katılımcıların AOPDDÖ toplam ve alt boyutlarından aldıkları puanlar cinsiyetlerine göre farklılaşmamıştır. Katılımcıların sınıf düzeyi değişkenine AOPDDÖ ve KKVGÖ toplam ve alt boyutlarında anlamlı farklılaşmalar tespit edilmiştir. Katılımcıların KKVGÖ’nün Hazırlık Eksiği alt boyutundan aldıkları puanlarda anlamlı bir farklılaşma bulunamamıştır. Ayrıca katılımcıların, AOPDDÖ ve KKVGÖ toplam puanları ve her iki ölçeğe ait alt boyutlardan alınan puanların okul türüne göre farklılaşma göstermediği bulunmuştur.
Özgünlük: Alanyazın incelendiğinde algılanan okul psikolojik danışman desteği ile kariyer karar verme güçlüğü arasındaki ilişkiyi direkt inceleyen herhangi bir araştırmaya rastlanılmamıştır. Bu araştırma ile ortaöğretimde uygulanan mesleki rehberlik çalışmalarındaki teori ve uygulama adımlarının verimliliği ile ilgili bilgi vermek ve araştırma bulgularının psikolojik danışman ve rehber öğretmenlerin yapacakları çalışmalara kaynak sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
Técnicas de enseñanza para un desempeño eficaz del estudiante
Authors: Rivera Morales María Teresa , Guajardo Espinoza José María , Macias Escobedo Edgar Humberto , Molina Arriaga Angela Gabriela
Published: October 2021

El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer y describir un modelo empírico para un desempeño eficaz a partir de las técnicas en estudiantes de bachillerato. El diseño de investigación es cuantitativo, de tipo transversal y de predicción y control. La recolección de datos fue por medio de una encuesta. La muestra fue estratificada por semestre y sección de un bachillerato de la ciudad de Saltillo, Coahuila, seleccionando a un total de 263 estudiantes, de los cuales, 65% fueron mujeres y 35% hombres. Para la obtención de resultados, se realizó un análisis de regresión lineal, obteniendo un modelo a partir del lugar donde se desarrolla el aprendizaje y otro en relación con las técnicas empleadas por el docente. Concluyendo que las técnicas de instrucción que manejen aprendizajes elaboracionales deductivos y las representaciones de éstos en formatos visuales son fuente de un mejor aprovechamiento académico de los alumnos.

AbstractThe objective of this investigation is to understand and outline an empirical model for effective performance drawn from techniques in high school students. The investigative design is quantitative under a transversal type and of prediction and control. The recollection of data was performed with the use of a questionnaire. The sample was stratified per semester and section in a high school in Saltillo Coahuila where a total of 263 students were selected, those of which 65% were female and 35% were male. To obtain the findings, an analysis of a lineal regression was used, obtaining a model from where learning takes place and another in relation to techniques applied by the teacher. Concluding that instructional techniques which manage deductive elaborational learning and the representation of these through visual formats are a source of greater academic achievement of students.
Tedarik Zinciri Yönetimi Uygulamalarının İşletme Performansına Etkisi: Gaziantep İli Örneği
Authors: ÖZGÜNER Zeynep , YILDIZ Ali
Published: October 2021

İşletmeler global pazardaki rekabet ortamında, bir yandan rekabetçi konumlarını korumak isterken diğer yandan da yeni müşterilerinin isteklerini yerine getirmede tedarik zinciri yönetimini uygulamaktadırlar. Küreselleşmeyle beraber artan rekabet ortamında tedarik zinciri yönetimi; işletmelerin performanslarını etkileyen etmenlerden birisi olarak görülmektedir. Tedarik zinciri yönetimi uygulamalarının işletmelerin performanslarını doğrudan ya da dolaylı olarak etkilediği bilinmektedir. Bu etkinin boyutu ve anlamlılık düzeyinin araştırılması önemlidir. Bu bağlamda, çalışmanın amacı tedarik zinciri yönetimi uygulamalarının işletme performansına etkisinin araştırılması olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada tedarik zinciri yönetimi ve işletme performansı ölçekleri kullanılarak oluşturulan anket Gaziantep ilinde üretim yapan 176 üretim işletmesine uygulanmıştır. Toplanan veriler SPSS ve AMOS programları ile analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda; tedarik zinciri yönetimi uygulamalarının işletme performansı üzerinde anlamlı ve pozitif yönde etkisinin olduğu bulgularına ulaşılmıştır.
The image of the modern teacher and its place in the culture of speech
Authors:   Teacher of Namangan State University, Rustamovich Tukhtasinov Abror
Published: October 2021

There are aspects of dress that are related to a person's psyche, character, mood, upbringing, and taste. It is important to note that dress and customs did not arise spontaneously. There is no definitive conclusion as to when clothing appeared in human society. Man, who first learned to weave and sew fabrics from leather and wool, later gave comfort and beauty to clothes with the advent of cotton and silk fibers. Hence, the development of human thinking brought civilization to his dress as well .
Kompetensi Kepala Madrasah Era Minelial 2021
Authors: Arsad Muhammad
Published: October 2021

Lahirnya Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 2014 tentang Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) merupakan wujud nyata dari reformasi birokrasi, yang menekankan implementasi manajemen ASN berbasis merit, artinya kebijakan dan Manajemen ASN yang berdasarkan pada kualifikasi, kompetensi, dan kinerja secara adil dan wajar dengan tanpa membedakan latar belakang politik, ras, warna kulit, agama, asal usul, jenis kelamin, status pernikahan, umur, atau kondisi kecacatan. Oleh karena itu, pengangkatan dan penempatan hendaknya dilaksanakan secara objektif dan kompetitif melalui penilaian kompetensi. mengetahui prinsip kepemimpinan Character of A Leader yang sesuai untuk generasi milenial. Generasi millenial dewasa ini tidak hanya unggul dalam bidang teknologi dan ilmu pengetahuan, kaum muda ini kini mulai menjadi trendsetter dalam bidang social, politik, budaya dan ekonomi. Di era globalisasi, tidak bisa dipungkiri bahwa seiring berkembangnya teknologi yang berbasis digital application, para generasi millennial rentan akan dampak negatif yang ditimbulkan oleh media sosial, namun di lain sisi, generasi muda ini juga memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kemajuan bangsa sehingga dibutuhkan karakter pemimpin yang sesuai untuk memimpin generasi milenial. Metode yang digunakan dalama penulisan karya ilmiah yaitu studi literatur melalui buku, jurnal, dan berita cetak/online.
A Questionnaire-based Survey on Depression and Anxiety among Rheumatology Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Patient’s Perspective
Authors: Lim Shiau Li , Tay Voon Yaa , Bhullar Avreena , Baharuddin Hazlyna , Ch’ng Shereen Suyin , Yusoof Habibah Mohd , Zain Mollyza Mohd , Rosman Azmillah
Published: October 2021

Objectives: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is a global pandemic and has caught the attention of the rheumatology fraternity, where patients are thought to be at higher risk of infection. We aimed to study the incidence of COVID-19 infection and depression and anxiety symptoms among patients with rheumatic disease (RD) in Hospital Selayang, Malaysia, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A crosssectional study was conducted via phone interview using a structured questionnaire in patients with RD aged > 18 years old scheduled for clinic appointments from 4 to 28 May 2020, which coincided with the second wave of COVID-19 cases in Malaysia. The questionnaire included demographics, COVID-19 screening questions, depression and anxiety symptoms screening using questions derived from the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 (GAD-2). Results: Among the 361 patients enrolled, the majority were females (83.1%), and over half (54.3%) were ethnic Malays, 41.6% had rheumatoid arthritis, 34.6% had systemic lupus erythematosus, 12.2% had spondyloarthropathy, and only one (0.3%) patient had COVID-19 infection. The mean age of patients was 48.2 years (range: 16–80 years). The frequency of patients with depression and anxiety symptoms was 8.6% and 6.9%, respectively. Married patients reported feeling more anxious (p = 0.013), while patients with tertiary education levels reported feeling more depressed (p = 0.012). Conclusions: The incidence of COVID-19 infection is low, probably due to the low rate of testing. Depression and anxiety symptoms reported by patients in our cohort were modest. Our findings suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic has a greater impact on married patients with RD and those with a higher education level.
IDENTIFICAÇÃO DA PROTEÍNA PIL1 POR MICROSCOPIA DE FLUORESCÊNCIA EM LINHAGENS BY4741 DE SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE SOB ESTRESSE ETANÓLICO
Authors: Pinto Camila Moreira , Valente Guilherme Targino
Published: October 2021

Introdução: Elevadas concentrações de etanol durante a fermentação usando a levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae representam um dos estressores mais comuns que afetam inicialmente a membrana citoplasmática. O subdomínio MCC/eisossoma da membrana citoplasmática é estável e interage com diversas vias regulatórias. A existência desse subdomínio é indicada pela presença da proteína Pil1, a principal molécula desse subdomínio. Entretanto, o conhecimento da dinâmica deste subdomínio em linhagens sob estresse etanólico é incipiente. Objetivos: Identificar a proteína Pil1 na membrana citoplasmática por microscopia de fluorescência na linhagem BY4741 sob estresse etanólico e situação controle. Materiais e métodos: Ao longo de 0, 60, 120 e 240 min, células da linhagem BY4741 que sintetizam a proteína Pil1 ligada a uma GFP (Invitrogen) foram coletadas. Aplicou-se as concentrações de 0 e 18% de etanol para simular respectivamente a condição controle e estresse. 18% representa ~3/4 (v/v) de etanol em relação ao nível máximo suportado por essa linhagem. O crescimento populacional foi mensurado e lâminas foram montadas com alíquotas da cultura celular, processadas em microscopia de fluorescência. Análises estatísticas foram conduzidas comparando o crescimento celular do tempo 0 min com os subsequentes (60, 120 e 240 min) usando o teste T para cada uma das concentrações. Resultados: No tempo 240 min houve crescimento celular maior que no tempo inicial para 0% (p<0,004), enquanto para 18% não houve mudanças. A microscopia de fluorescência revelou a presença da proteína Pil1 na situação controle e em estresse à 18%, indicando existência do complexo MCC/eisossoma. Conclusão: Identificou-se por microscopia de fluorescência a proteína Pil1 em células sob estresse etanólico e condição controle. O etanol inibe o crescimento celular, sugerindo que em altos níveis a célula permanece em estado estacionário. A formação e modulação do MCC/eisossoma em células sob estresse etanólico pode sugerir que este subdomínio tenha uma certa importância para a sobrevida da célula sob estresse.
De karakterisering van Electra: een taalkundige benadering
Authors: van Emde Boas Evert
Published: October 2021

The aim of this article is to show that modern linguistic approaches may be used in the analysis of characterization in Greek tragedy, specifically that of Euripides’ version of Electra in the eponymous play. I analyse several of Electra’s interactions with other characters in the play’s early scenes, applying insights from linguistic politeness theory and conversation analysis, in order to show that Electra’s linguistic ‘behaviour’ is driven by her situation and her preoccupations. Her interactions with the Peasant and the Chorus are marked by consistent affection from all sides, but also by a fundamental inability to communicate effectively. In her long stichomythia with Orestes, disruptions of the conversational structure mark brief flares in Electra’s language at moments where issues that particularly vex her are discussed.
Poëzie in Pompeii
Authors: Hunink Vincent
Published: October 2021

Among the numerous graffiti found at Pompeii, there are a number of metrical texts, either quotations from famous ancient poets such as Virgil, or lines from unknown sources. Both categories offer interesting reading for classicists. Poetical texts from Pompeii may also be profitably used in teaching Latin.
De filosofie van Cicero en Seneca (CE-pensum Latijn 2018)
Authors: Tieleman Teun
Published: October 2021

In this article I note a change of approach among historians of ancient philosophy with regard to the Roman philosophers Cicero and Seneca. Today they are not just studied as sources for earlier thinkers but as independent authors who pursue an agenda of their own within their Roman context. After a few observations on the viability of the notion of ‘Roman philosophy’. I discuss a number of recent publications that may provide useful background information in reading the texts by Cicero and Seneca concerned with the happy life that have been selected for the national examination in 2018.
Recht voor Roscius
Authors: Tellegen-Couperus Olga
Published: October 2021

When Cicero defended Sextus Roscius the Younger against a charge of patricide, the orator not only had to deal with the murder charge but also with two complicating factors: after Sextus Roscius the Elder had been murdered, his name had been entered on the proscription lists and his property had been bought by Chrysogonus, the freedman and favourite of dictator Sulla. Although the proscription was formally not at issue in the trial, Cicero did make good use of it to secure Roscius’ acquittal. Therefore, I argue that Cicero owes much of his success in this case to a consistently balanced combination of a formal plea to the jury and an informal plea to Chrysogonus.
Cicero auctor et actor
Authors: Pieper Christoph
Published: October 2021

The article analyses elements of theatrical actio in the Pro Sexto Roscio Amerino. After some reflections on actio in Cicero’s rhetorical theory and practice, it first focuses on altercatio as a medium to increase the theatricality of the speech. The fictive discussions with opponents serve a second goal which is presented in the second part of the article: the construction of Cicero’s (theatrical and ethical) persona as the ideal and authoritative defender of Roscius’ case.
Eustathius over de Homerische goden, de plausibiliteit van de Ilias en de deskundigheid van Homerus
Authors: van den Berg Baukje
Published: October 2021

This article

Dit artikel is geschreven als onderdeel van een project gefinancierd door het National Science Center, Polen (UMO-2013/10/E/HS2/00170). Ik dank Niels Koopman voor zijn commentaar.

explores the role of the gods in the Iliad as analysed by Eustathius of Thessaloniki in his Commentary on the Iliad. Eustathius aims to identify the principles and techniques that underlie Homer’s successful composition and to reconstruct, as it were, Homer’s composition process. In this way, he intends to familiarise his target audience, twelfth-century authors of rhetorical prose, with Homer’s admirable methods so that they can imitate them in their own writings. Eustathius interprets the gods as devices in the hands of the poet to steer his composition in the desired direction, to imbue it with rhetorical plausibility, and to foreground his skilfulness. Homer uses the gods in four ways: 1) by means of divine interventions, Homer maintains plausibility whenever he takes risks for the sake of rhetorical virtuosity; 2) the poet employs divine plans to motivate the course of events; 3) as allegories of the poet’s intellectual capacities the gods reveal authorial deliberations about the course of the Iliad; 4) the composition of the Iliad is partly determined by the meaning of the gods in terms of natural and ethical allegory. Eustathius thus presents Homer as a self-conscious author and shapes him, we may assume, in the image of the ideal Byzantine author, or perhaps that of himself.
Van Aken tot Bagdad
Authors: Hermans Erik
Published: October 2021

This article discusses a unique chapter of the classical tradition: the multilingual reception of the Organon of Aristotle during the early Middle Ages. In doing so, it fills two scholarly gaps. First, it focuses attention on the early Middle Ages as a crucial but neglected phase of the classical tradition, when ancient texts were studied in Latin, Greek and Arabic. Secondly, it elucidates the special case of the simultaneous reception of the Organon in these three language realms. In the eighth and ninth century, intellectuals living in cities as far apart as Aachen and Baghdad studied the Organon at the same time in Latin and Arabic, while in Constantinople it was read in the original Greek. No other classical text was read by such a geographically widespread audience. This article aims to explain how a classical corpus that is now only studied by specialists gained such popularity in both Europe and the Middle East.
Sappho als anker voor mannelijke en vrouwelijke dichters in de hellenistische tijd
Authors: Lardinois André
Published: October 2021

This paper studies the use of Sappho as model and ‘anchor’ in two Hellenistic poets, Posidippus and Nossis, with a brief excursus on Catullus 51. Posidippus refers explicitly to Sappho three times in his epigrams. In all three instances he associates her with talk of or about women. Posidippus thus sees her primarily as a female poet and an authority on women. The same holds true for Nossis, but whereas Posidippus only appeals to Sappho’s authority when he wishes to speak about women, Nossis explicitly places herself in Sappho’s tradition, as a woman and a literary daughter. Posidippus uses Sappho as an anchor to speak as a poet about women, while Nossis, in her surviving epigrams, uses her as an anchor to speak as a woman poet, a subtle but significant difference. A brief analysis of Catullus 51 confirms this distinction, suggesting a gender difference in the way Sappho was used as anchor by male and female poets in antiquity.
Voor anker in drijfzand
Authors: Lamers Han , Reitz-Joosse Bettina
Published: October 2021

Italian Fascism anchored its revolutionary ideology in the Roman past, embedding and legitimising changes in every sphere of life through an appeal to a supposedly shared Roman heritage. In this article, we scrutinise these Fascist dynamics of anchoring through an analysis of the Mussolini obelisk in Rome and the Latin text hidden below it: Aurelio Amatucci’s Codex Fori Mussolini. We focus especially on the Fascist manipulation of the obelisk tradition, the significance of Amatucci’s choice of language, and his use of ancient authors within the Codex. We argue that the ‘ground’ in which monument and text are anchored is fundamentally unstable: the Roman past itself is a dynamic and adaptable construction. Obelisk and Codex selectively evoke and (re-)combine a multiplicity of elements – from antiquity to the twentieth century, from the Renaissance to the Risorgimento. In doing so, obelisk and text shape the very tradition in which they anchor.
Hubungan Agenda Media dan Faktor Keselarian Politik
Authors: Mohd Shafie Noor Zafira , Abdul Karim Haryati , Salleh Norhuda
Published: October 2021

Abstrak

Artikel ini memfokuskan pada penggunaan Teori Penentuan Agenda dan Pilihan Raya Kecil Parlimen Rompin dan Permatang Pauh 2015. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti penentuan agenda media antara akhbar Utusan Malaysia dan portal berita Free Malaysia Today, dan menganalisis corak liputan berita yang dibuat oleh kedua-dua media yang berlainan pemilikan dengan meneliti aspek tema berita dan condong berita. Kajian yang dijalankan ini menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan kuantitatif. Tema berita yang dikenal pasti adalah sosial, ekonomi dan tokoh. Tema ini dipecahkan kepada sub tema yang lebih kecil. Tema sosial dipecahkan kepada jenayah, pendidikan dan kaum dan agama, ekonomi dipecahkan kepada pembangunan dan GST dan tema tokoh pula dipecahkan kepada sub tema calon bertanding, manifesto dan kempen dan sistem pilihan raya. Condong berita yang dikenal pasti dalam kajian adalah positif kerajaan, positif pembangkang, neutral, negatif kerajaan dan negatif pembangkang. Kajian mendapati bahawa proses penentuan agenda berlaku bagi setiap liputan media yang dipaparkan kerana terdapat kecenderungan tertentu bagi jenis liputan berita yang dibuat oleh media berdasarkan kepada penekanan tema dan subtema tertentu dan hal ini turut dilihat berdasarkan kepada condong berita. Faktor keselarian politik dikaitkan dengan penentuan agenda media kerana pemaparan skop berita yang berdasarkan kepada tema dan arah kecenderungan berita adalah berpandukan kepada faktor pemilikan media kerana kedua-dua media adalah berbeza pemilikan. Utusan Malaysia dimiliki oleh UMNO, manakala Free Malaysia Today dimiliki oleh pembangkang. Kesimpulannya kajian ini mengukuhkan Teori Penentuan Agenda khususnya tentang hubungan agenda media dengan keselarian politik.

Kata Kunci: Kecenderungan, agenda, tema, keselarian, politik.
Hubungan Interpersonal sebagai Pengukuhan Jaringan Sosial dalam Kalangan Komuniti Bajau Laut di Semporna, Sabah
Authors: Hossin Aishah
Published: October 2021

Abstrak

Pengukuhan jaringan sosial dalam komuniti membantu ahlinya untuk saling memberikan sokongan bukan sahaja dalam bentuk fizikal tetapi juga emosi. Jaringan sosial biasanya dikaitkan dengan ikatan kekeluargaan yang dilihat sebagai satu bentuk hubungan yang dapat membantu dalam aliran pengetahuan dan sumber kepada ahli komuniti khususnya kepada mereka yang bermigrasi. Komuniti Bajau Laut di Semporna juga dikenali sebagai masyarakat sea nomad yang menjalankan aktiviti menangkap hasil laut dan menjalankan hampir sepenuhnya masa mereka di lepa. Dalam meneruskan kelangsungan hidup dan berdepan dengan arus modenisasi, komunti Bajau Laut telah berusaha memperbaiki hubungan interpersonal mereka untuk dijadikan asas kepada pengukuhan jaringan sosial dengan masyarakat disekeliling. Ini termasuklah hubungan interpersonal antara komuniti Bajau Laut sendiri dan komuniti tempatan. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji hubungan interpersonal yang diaplikasikan oleh komuniti Bajau Laut di dalam mengukuhkan lagi jaringan sosial mereka. Kajian ini melibatkan seramai sepuluh orang informan yang mana di peroleh melalui kaedah temu bual secara mendalam bersama key informan dan pemerhatian di lapangan. Dapatan kajian dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik dan mendapati bahawa pengukuhan terhadap hubungan interpersonal yang tidak hanya terhad kepada komuniti Bajau Laut tetapi juga komuniti tempatan memberi ruang dan peluang kepada komuniti Bajau Laut untuk bergaul dan mendapatkan bantuan daripada bukan sahaja komuniti itu sendiri tetapi juga masyarakat tempatan.

Kata Kunci: Komuniti Bajau Laut, hubungan interpersonal dan jaringan sosial.
Komunikasi bukan Lisan: Analisis Makna Pulut Semangat dalam Adat Perkahwinan Masyarakat Melayu Selangor
Authors: Salleh Norhuda , Hyun Kim Keum
Published: October 2021

Manusia berkomunikasi bagi menyampaikan pesan sesama mereka. Komunikasi lisan dan bukan lisan bermatlamat menyampaikan pesan namun dalam konteks yang berbeza. Penggunaan pulut semangat yang merupakan elemen makanan dalam adat perkahwinan secara spesifiknya dalam tingkat adat persandingan masyarakat Melayu di Sekinchan Selangor mempunyai makna kepada pelaku dan juga masyarakat pengamalnya. Pulut Semangat disediakan semasa adat persandingan bukan tujuan hidangan tetapi mengiringi keberadaan bunga telur dipelaminan. Pulut semangat berwarna kuning dan penyediaannya adalah sama seperti pulut kuning. Perbezaannya ialah pulut kuning dihidangkan dalam suatu majlis atau adat tertentu seperti adat menyambut kelahiran. Pulut kuning jika dihidangkan dalam adat persandingan dan dijadikan sebagai salah satu juadah, dinamakan pulut kuning. Cara dan masa sajian pulut kuning membawa makna yang berbeza. Sehubungan itu kajian ini menganalisis makna pulut semangat dalam adat perkahwinan masyarakat Melayu dari sudut komunikasi bukan lisan. Pendekatan etnografi digunakan bagi mengumpul data kualitatif. Informan yang terlibat dalam pengumpulan data ialah tukang masak dan juga pengamal adat di kawasan kajian. Hasil analisis data kualitatif melalui temu bual mendalam dan pemerhatian turut serta menjelaskan makna pulut semangat dilihat secara menyeluruh daripada awal penyediaan sehingga ia diletakkan sebagai salah satu artifak dalam adat persandingan. Pemaknaan dari sudut komunikasi bukan lisan memberikan makna pulut semangat dari sudut cara penyediaan, sifat, bentuk dan warna. Makna yang diberikan oleh masyarakat Melayu terhadap pulut semangat dalam adat bersanding ialah kekuatan, kebesaran, keharmonian dan kekayaan.
KAJIAN KE ATAS KUALITI HIDUP PESARA: ANALISIS SOROTAN SISTEMATIK
Authors: Amirah Saliha Godfrey  , Dzurizah Ibrahim
Published: October 2021

Kualiti hidup mempunyai konsep yang kompleks, dinamik dan dapat ditentukan melalui beberapa komponen berbeza. Kajian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti apakah aspek yang dapat mempengaruhi kualiti hidup terutamanya pesara. Ia dilakukan dengan menggunakan kajian literatur secara sistematik. Kajian ini dijalankan dengan meneliti sebanyak enam artikel terpilih yang diperoleh dari pangkalan data Science Direct. Artikel yang dirujuk adalah artikel yang telah diterbitkan antara tahun 2011 sehingga tahun 2021. Pemilihan artikel adalah berdasarkan ciri-ciri inclusion dan exclusion yang telah ditetapkan oleh pengkaji. Artikel tersebut kemudiannya dikaji dan dikelaskan mengikut beberapa tema yang dihasilkan selepas penelitian dilakukan. Hasil daripada analisis kajian mendapati bahwa terdapat tiga tema yang dapat diketengahkan. Tema pertama ialah kualiti hidup pesara dipengaruhi oleh penyertaan sosial dan sokongan sosial, tema kedua ialah pengaruh kesihatan fizikal dan mental/ psikologi ke atas kualiti hidup, dan tema yang ketiga ialah pengaruh ekonomi dan suasana tempat tinggal ke atas kualiti hidup. Hampir semua artikel yang dikaji adalah berdasarkan kajian kuantitatif dan merupakan kajian dari luar negara. Akhir sekali, hasil daripada kajian tersebut dapat menerangkan bahawa hubungan sosial, kesihatan mental dan fizikal serta kewangan yang stabil boleh mempengaruhi kualiti hidup pesara.

 

Quality of life has a complex, dynamic concept and can be determined through several different components. This study aims to identify what aspects can affect the quality of life, especially retirees. It is done using a systematic literature review. This study was conducted by examining a total of six selected articles obtained from the Science Direct database. The referenced articles are articles that have been published between 2011 to 2021. The selection of articles is based on the characteristics of inclusion and exclusion that have been set by the researcher. The articles were then reviewed and classified according to several themes generated after the research was conducted. Analysis results show that there were three themes that can be identified. Firstly, the quality of life amongst retirees affected by social participation and social support, secondly, the influence of physical and mental health/ psychology to quality of life, and third, the influence of economy and living environment to the quality of life. Almost all of the articles reviewed are based on quantitative studies and are studies from abroad. Finally, the results of the study can identify that stable social, mental and physical health and financial relationships can affect the quality of life of retirees.
PLANIFICACIÓN, PROGRAMACIÓN Y ADQUISICIÓN DE MEDICAMENTOS
Authors: De Sousa Jucá Carlos Beckenbauer , Ramos Gomes Rickardo Léo
Published: October 2021

Con la globalización y el desempeño de las grandes empresas, el mercado farmacéutico se ha vuelto cada vez más feroz, aumentando la competencia en este segmento empresarial. Por lo tanto, la investigación y la implementación de métodos y técnicas administrativas deben valorarse cada vez más en la conducción de las pequeñas y medianas empresas. El objetivo general de este artículo es mostrar la importancia de las pequeñas empresas para atender a toda la población en servicios de salud a escala farmacéutica. Los objetivos específicos son: demostrar la importancia de la planificación en la gestión farmacéutica; presentar herramientas de calidad que ayuden a esta gestión; proponer un sistema de gestión para una pequeña farmacia. La metodología aplicada fue la investigación bibliográfica en artículos científicos y otras publicaciones, así como la búsqueda en Internet de técnicas y herramientas que permitan su uso en pequeñas farmacias. Al final de la investigación, se evidenció que el control de gastos y la automatización de procesos son pasos que reducen costos, haciendo más competitivo el producto en relación con los grandes conglomerados, basado en la simplificación de la cadena productiva viva de la empresa, donde la reducción de puestos y habilidades puede ser un factor de reducción de costos. También se encontró que las empresas que logran monitorear sus actividades a través de sistemas automatizados también son capaces de tomar decisiones más rápidas ante situaciones inesperadas en el mercado externo y tener una orientación más efectiva con sus empleados, proveedores y clientes.
إدارة المعلومات بفاعلية أثناء الأزمات من خلال نظام إدارة استمرارية الأعمال في المؤسسات
Authors:   ماجستير إدارة معلومات، قسم علم المعلومات، جامعة الملك عبد العزيز، المملكة العربية السعودية, العرياني خديجة , الضحوي الدكتورة/ هناء علي ,   أستاذ مساعد، قسم علم المعلومات، جامعة الملك عبد العزيز، المملكة العربية السعودية
Published: October 2021

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تعزيز مفهوم نظام إدارة استمرارية الأعمال في المؤسسات المختلفة وتوضيح مدى أهميته والحاجة الفعلية لتحقيقه لتفعيل إدارة الأزمات والمخاطر في قطاع الأعمال، حيث أن توقف الأعمال في وقت الأزمات والكوارث من شأنه إحداث خسائر كبيرة، وبالتالي على المؤسسات العمل على تطبيق نظام استمرارية الأعمال، والتي تسعى الدراسة إلى التعرف على الإجراءات والتوصيات لتطبيقه امتثالاً لمتطلبات المعيار الدولي للمواصفات القياسية 22301 -ISO الذي يعتبر أول مواصفة قياسية دولية لإدارة استمرارية الأعمال. وقد تم استخدام منهج تحليل المحتوى فيما يخص الدراسات الأدبية في هذا الموضوع والتركيز على تحليل وثيقة الأيزو الخاصة بالمعيار في نسخه المتعددة والاعتماد على أحدث نسخة والتي صدرت في عام 2019 (ISO 22301:2019 الأمن والمرونة – أنظمة إدارة استمرارية الأعمال – المتطلبات)، ونشرتها المنظمة الدولية للتوحيد القياسي (ISO) لوصف كيفية إدارة استمرارية الأعمال في المؤسسات. وخرجت الدراسة بمخرجين أساسيين أولهما: تصميم قائمة مراجعة معيارية تساعد المؤسسات على فهم وتقييم جودة عمليات استمرارية الأعمال بها، ثانيهما: تصميم إطار عمل للمؤسسات لتنفيذ نظام إدارة استمرارية أعمال يلبي متطلبات معيار (ISO 22301)، ومن أهم النتائج التي توصلت إليها الدراسة هي أهمية وجود نظام إدارة استمرارية أعمال لأي مؤسسة من أي حجم لضمان استمرار العمليات في أوقات التعطل، ولتحقيق ضمان كفاءة عمل نظام إدارة استمرارية الأعمال لابد أن تعمل المؤسسات على تحديد المعلومات الضرورية والمطلوبة لتحقيق أهدافهم حيث يسمح المعيار بإضافة أي مستندات اخرى تراها المؤسسة لتحسين مستوى المرونة. وتوصي الدراسة بالعمل على زيادة الوعي المؤسسي بمفهوم نظام إدارة استمرارية الأعمال، وأهمية إنشاء إدارة مستقلة لاستمرارية الأعمال في المؤسسات تعمل جنباً إلى جنب مع إدارة المخاطر والأزمات وتخضع للمعايير الدولية، وكذلك ضرورة إنشاء موقع الكتروني باللغة العربية تحت مظلة وزارات أو جهات معينة في الدولة، مثل (وزارة التجارة-وزارة العمل) يتيح للمؤسسات تقييم استمرارية عملياتها ويقيس مدى نضجها وكفاءتها أثناء الأزمات، ويساعدها على تعزيز مواطن القوة واكتشاف مواطن الضعف ومعالجتها.
الأبعاد الخفية للثورات العربية "الربيع العربي"، الحراك الليبي 2011-2021 (دراسة حالة)
Authors:   أستاذ مساعد، قسم الموارد والبيئة، كلية الآداب والعلوم، جامعة بنغازي، ليبيا, الدغاري مبارك
Published: October 2021

شهدت المنطقة العربية مع بداية عام 2011م انتقاضات واحتجاجات كبيرة ضد أنظمتها الحاكمة تحت شعارات ثورة الرغيف والحرية والعدالة والديمقراطية، ووصفه مروجوه بالربيع العربي، وفي خضم الأحداث الدامية لم يتطرق الكثير من الباحثين للأبعاد الخفية من هذا الربيع الذي خرج عن سياقاته وأهدافه التي كان ينشدها ووظف وفق رؤى خارجية كانت ولازالت تسعى لفرض توازنات استراتيجية في المنطقة. فقد برزت نظريات نهاية التاريخ وصراع الحضارات والفوضى الخلاقة والشرق أوسطية الجديدة قبيل هذه الثورات والتي تمحورت حول تفتيت هذا النطاق والسيطرة عليه وعلى مقدراته ضمن نشر الفوضى الخلاقة. لذا فأن هذا البحث ركز على توضيح وتحليل دور الأطراف الخارجية في الثورات العربية وكيفية تغيير مساراتها ضمن سياسات وضعت مسبقا لهذا النطاق الجيوستراتيجي. تم التركيز على ليبيا "دراسة حالة" حيث كانت نموذجا ناصعا للتدخلات الخارجية والإقليمية التي أدخلت الدولة في صراعات داخلية وايديولوجية قوضت الدولة وأوصلتها الى مرحلة الفشل. تم استخدام بعض المناهج في التحليل كالمنهج التاريخي في تتبع هذه الظاهرة تاريخيا، ومنهج تحليل القوى لتحليل مراكز القوى وفعاليتها في هذا الحراك. تبين أن الحراك العربي وأن بدأ عفويا في ظاهره إلا أن الأطراف الخارجية كان لها كبير الأثر في تغيير مساره ضمن سياساتها الاستراتيجية في المنطقة. ففي ليبيا كانت الأطراف الخارجية طرفا فاعلا فيما وصلت اليه الدولة من فشل، فقد تحولت الى دولة مليشيات مسلحة وصراعات قبلية وجهوية ومنطقة لتجار البشر.
Anemia of Chronic Kidney Disease: Pattern, Prevalence and Clinical Correlates. A Single Center Cross Sectional Study in South Western Nigeria
Authors: PK Uduagbamen , AT Oyelese , BA Alalade
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Anemia is a modifiable and very common complication of chronic kidney disease that could be difficult to manage, more so in low income settings due to late recognition, and cost of undergoing required investigations and treatment.
Methods: A cross sectional study in which participants with chronic kidney disease and with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <60ml/min had urine, blood and radiological investigations to determine albuminuria, GFR with electrolytes concentrations kidney length respectively.
Results: One hundred and forty four (82 females and 62 females) cohorts participated. The mean age of all participants was 48.76 ± 15.87 years. Only cohorts in stage 5 CKD were receiving ESAs, and of the 22, 19 (86.3%) had anemia. The 45-59 years group had the highest blood pressure. A greater proportion of the participants had hypertension as the cause of CKD.
The prevalence of anemia was 39.58%, 37.80% in males and 41.93% in females. The mean hemoglobin concentration for cohorts was 10.96 ± 1.85 g/dL, and was higher in males, P=0.06, and was least with chronic interstitial nephritis. Metabolic acidosis was commoner in females, P=0.04. Calcium x Posphate product was elevated in 10.5% of the participants. The mean serum creatinine was higher in males than females, P=0.001. The mean eGFR and urine ACR were higher in males, P=0.02, P=1.1. The severity of anemia was positively related to stage of CKD, P<0.001.
Conclusion: Anemia complicating CKD is common, with a prevalence of 39.58% in our study. It was commoner in females, aged and elevated urine ACR and was negatively correlated with serum albumin. Determinants of renal anemia were age, and kidney function while predictors were increasing age, stage 5 CKD and urine ACR. Improvement in kidney function, frequent reviews of red cell indices and medications are needed to minimize complications of renal anemia.

Key words: anemia, chronic kidney disease, erythropoiesis stimulating agents, hemoglobin concentration,