bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen Evolution and Pickup During the Corrosion of Zirconium Alloys: A Critical Evaluation of the Solid State and Porous Oxide Electrochemistry
Authors: Ramasubramanian N , Billot P , Yagnik S
Published: September 2009

Electrochemical studies were performed in lithiated water (2.5 ppm Li and 1 ppm dissolved hydrogen) at 315°C in autoclave tests, on Zircaloy-2. Only the outside surface of the cladding was exposed to the environment. Specimens were corroded at open circuit potentials and also with externally imposed constant currents and potentials. The effects of weld regions and of a thin sputtered palladium coating on corrosion potential, the polarization behavior, and hydrogen pickup were investigated. Post-transition oxides were grown in steam at 12.5 MPa and 400°C, and electrochemical measurements were performed at 315°C in the lithiated water. The intrinsic electrochemical coupling effect, inherent in welding Zircaloy components, was also investigated in a loop test. Infrared interferometry and differential scanning calorimetry were used to measure the oxide thickness and hydrogen pickup along the specimen length.

Hydrogen pickup at the weld regions, relative to the body of the cladding, was high for specimens from both the autoclave and loop tests. Palladium considerably reduced both the corrosion potential and the hydrogen pickup. A comparison of pickups, from experiments with externally imposed cathodic polarization, identified two effects: (i) a galvanic coupling that resulted in the transfer of hydrogen evolution and, hence, pickup from the body of the cladding to the weld regions, and (ii) an ohmic contact between palladium and the corrosion film that transferred the evolution reaction to palladium. SIMS depth profiles, following incorporation and exchange of isotopes (H, Li, and B), revealed the presence of microporosity in the oxides.

Referring to the energy levels on the SHE scale, the hydrogen electrode potential in the lithiated water environment is calculated to be -0.88 V in the autoclave tests and -0.97 V in the loop test. For the reaction H+ + e = H, the favorable energy level would have a maximum value of ∼+ 0.15 V, after allowing a splitting of the energy levels on the order of ∼2.3 eV for the red-ox couple. For semiconducting (n-type) ZrO2, the conduction band edge is at +1.4 V, too much higher compared to SnO2 with the band edge at +0.1 V. A band overlap for proton reduction is unlikely on zirconium oxide, but would be favored on oxidized tin. It is concluded that hydrogen evolution during the corrosion of Zircaloys is localized at semicon ducting tin sites on the oxide surface and at the exposed alloy inside the pores. The palladium coating differentiated the semiconducting and porous properties of the oxide. Between the two processes of hydrogen evolution, the one occurring inside the pores is associated with the pickup. For bulk intermetallics to be a contributing factor to pickup, they have to be in contact with the alloy and also intersect the pores.
Subcommittee XXV (Cellulosic Coatings and Related Materials)
Authors: Lang F. H.
Published: September 2009

Twenty-seven years ago on June 25, 1925, 23 representatives from the coatings and allied industries met in Haddon Hall, Atlantic City, and organized Subcommittee XXV on Cellulose Ester Coatings. The organization of the new Subcommittee was prompted by the intense interest being shown in the new fast-drying nitrocellulose lacquers then appearing on the market.
The use of X-ray Diffraction and Scattering in Characterization of Polymer Structure
Authors: Statton W. O.
Published: September 2009

X-ray diffraction studies provide useful information about the internal arrangement of polymer molecules—an important factor affecting the physical properties of plastics. Such studies also help to explain the mechanism by which this molecular arrangement affects properties. Therefore, X-ray diffraction studies are important from both a practical and a fundamental viewpoint.
Pioglitazone improves insulin resistance and decreases blood pressure in adult patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Kroese Jeanne Margot , Mooij Christiaan F , van der Graaf Marinette , Hermus Ad R M M , Tack Cees J
Published: September 2009

Context

Patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) are chronically treated with supraphysiological doses of glucocorticoids, which are known to induce insulin resistance. Thiazolidinediones might reverse this effect and improve insulin sensitivity.

Objectives

To assess insulin sensitivity in CAH patients and the effect of pioglitazone treatment on insulin sensitivity in CAH patients. Secondary objectives were the effects of treatment with pioglitazone on blood pressure, body fat distribution, lipid, and steroid profiles.

Design

Randomized placebo controlled crossover trial.

Participants

Twelve CAH patients and 12 body mass and age-matched control subjects.

Intervention

Sixteen-week treatment with pioglitazone (45 mg/day) or placebo.

Main outcome measure

Insulin sensitivity measured by euglycemic clamp and oral glucose tolerance test. Further measures were 24-h blood pressure profiles, body fat distribution measured by magnetic resonance imaging, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and bioimpedance procedures, liver fat by magnetic resonance spectroscopy, lipid, and steroid profiles.

Results

CAH patients were insulin resistant compared with healthy controls. Treatment with pioglitazone significantly improved insulin sensitivity in CAH patients (glucose infusion rate (GIR) from 28.5±11.6 to 38.9±11.0 μmol/kg per min, P=0.000, GIR in controls 46.2±23.4 μmol/kg per min, P<0.05 versus CAH). Treatment with pioglitazone decreased blood pressure (systolic: 124.0±13.6 vs 127.0±14.9 mmHg, P<0.001, diastolic: 72.8±11.5 vs 77.4±12.6 mmHg, P<0.001). No changes in body fat distribution, lipid, and steroid profiles were observed.

Conclusions

CAH patients are insulin resistant compared with matched control subjects. Treatment with pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity and decreases blood pressure in CAH patients.
Insulinotropic actions of nateglinide in type 2 diabetic patients and effects on dipeptidyl peptidase-IV activity and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide degradation
Authors: McKillop Aine M , Duffy Nicola A , Lindsay John R , Green Brian D , Patterson S , O'Harte Finbarr P M , Bell Patrick M , Flatt Peter R
Published: September 2009

Background

Nateglinide restores early-phase insulin secretion to feeding and reduces postprandial hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes. This study evaluated the effects of nateglinide on dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) activity and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) degradation.

Research design and methods

Blood samples were collected from type 2 diabetic subjects (n=10, fasting glucose 9.36±1.2 mmol/l) following administration of oral nateglinide (120 mg) 10 min prior to a 75 g oral glucose load in a randomised crossover design.

Results

Plasma glucose reached 18.2±1.7 and 16.7±1.7 mmol/l at 90 min in control and placebo groups (P<0.001). These effects were accompanied by prompt 32% inhibition of DPP-IV activity after 10 min (19.9±1.6 nmol/ml per min, P<0.05), reaching a minimum of 1.9±0.1 nmol/ml per min at 120 min (P<0.001) after nateglinide. Insulin and C-peptide levels increased significantly compared with placebo, to peak after 90 min at 637.6±163.9 pmol/l (P<0.05) and 11.8±1.4 mg/l (P<0.01) respectively. DPP-IV-mediated degradation of GIP was significantly less in patients receiving nateglinide compared with placebo. Inhibition of DPP-IV activity corresponded with a time- and concentration-dependent inhibitory effect of nateglinide on DPP-IV-mediated truncation of GIP(1–42) to GIP(3–42) in vitro. Comparison of in vitro inhibition of DPP-IV by nateglinide and vildagliptin revealed IC50 values of 17.1 and 2.1 μM respectively.

Conclusions

Although considerably less potent than specified DPP-IV inhibitors, the possibility that some of the beneficial actions of nateglinide are indirectly mediated through DPP-IV inhibition and increased bioavailability of GIP and other incretins merits consideration.
Hypoxia inducible factors regulate pluripotency and proliferation in human embryonic stem cells cultured at reduced oxygen tensions
Authors: Forristal Catherine E , Wright Kate L , Hanley Neil A , Oreffo Richard O C , Houghton Franchesca D
Published: September 2009

Human embryonic stem (hES) cells are routinely cultured under atmospheric, 20% oxygen tensions but are derived from embryos which reside in a 3–5% oxygen (hypoxic) environment. Maintenance of oxygen homeostasis is critical to ensure sufficient levels for oxygen-dependent processes. This study investigates the importance of specific hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) in regulating the hypoxic responses of hES cells. We report that culture at 20% oxygen decreased hES cell proliferation and resulted in a significantly reduced expression ofSOX2,NANOGandPOU5F1(OCT4) mRNA as well as POU5F1 protein compared with hypoxic conditions. HIF1A protein was not expressed at 20% oxygen and displayed only a transient, nuclear localisation at 5% oxygen. HIF2A (EPAS1) and HIF3A displayed a cytoplasmic localisation during initial hypoxic culture but translocated to the nucleus following long-term culture at 5% oxygen and were significantly upregulated compared with cells cultured at 20% oxygen. Silencing of HIF2A resulted in a significant decrease in both hES cell proliferation and POU5F1, SOX2 and NANOG protein expression while the early differentiation marker, SSEA1, was concomitantly increased. HIF3A upregulated HIF2A and prevented HIF1A expression with the knockdown of HIF3A resulting in the reappearance of HIF1A protein. In summary, these data demonstrate that a low oxygen tension is preferential for the maintenance of a highly proliferative, pluripotent population of hES cells. While HIF3A was found to regulate the expression of both HIF1A and HIF2A, it is HIF2A which regulates hES cell pluripotency as well as proliferation under hypoxic conditions.
Business Students’ Conceptions of Sustainability
Authors: Reid Anna , Petocz Peter , Taylor Paul
Published: September 2009

In the field of higher education, the role of sustainability is increasingly seen as an important capability of successful graduates, one of a group of higher-level dispositions that is particularly important for students’ future professional roles. Discussion of sustainability often assumes that all participants understand the term in the same way, and different understandings can make meaningful dialogue difficult. This article presents an empirical investigation of the ways in which students from a business faculty at a large metropolitan university view sustainability in the specific context of their tertiary education. While some students viewed the notion in quite naïve ways—for example, the idea of ‘keeping themselves going’—others talked about much broader views incorporating ideas of inter-generational justice. Investigation of such views provides important evidence for dialogue on sustainability with the next generation of professional leaders in business.
"Angkatan 66", une "nouvelle vague"?
Authors: Chambert-Loir Henri
Published: September 2009

3) It is known that in Indonesia, the periodization of literary history has provoked many theses and quarrels and it does not seem that the book of H.B. Jassin, Angkatan 66, is destined to calm the debate. In fact, as Henri Chambert-Loir remarks, do historical circumstances, certainly capital, but whose evolution and issue were so rapid, suffice to make of several militant poems a new literary generation ? Finally, if the preface should be considered more as a polemical stance, the anthology retains all its interest, and the reader who does not have access to Indonesian reviews will find there a good choice of tjerpén and poems. Henri Chambert-Loir notes certain omissions, which are inevitable, but remarks that a greater breadth of inspiration is to be found, a certain maturity, among writers like Ajip Rosidi who seem to have found a second wind, rich in promise.
Gotong-rojong di Tanah Malagasi
Authors: Condominas G.
Published: September 2009

III. 1) Prof. G. Condominas memperkenalkan sistim fokortolona jang merupakan dasar kehidupan desa ditanah Malagasi, dan jang dalam beberapa segi mendekati sistim gotong-rojong di Indonesia. Naskah jang diterdjemahkan disini adalah petikan dari buku beliau jang berdjudul Fokon'olona et collectivités rurales (Paris, 1960).
L'Institut malaysien de langue et de littérature
Authors: Metzger Laurent
Published: September 2009

2. Secondly we introduce four poems written during his trip Malaysia this year and which are inédit.
L'Ecole des femmes à Antananarive vers 1885
Authors: Ratrimoharinosy Hélène
Published: September 2009

3. Hélène Ratrimoharinosy mengutip beberapa surat jang berasal dari misi rochaniawan dari Inggris dan memberi beberapa keterangan tentang sekolah wanita jang didirikan di Tananarive pada tahun 1869 oleh Friends Foreign Mission Association (FFMA).
Pages d'exotisme II : la société javanaise selon J. Chailley-Bert (1900)
Authors: Chailley-Bert J.
Published: September 2009

4. In this issue the section entitled Pages d'Exotisme consists of extracts from Java et ses habitants by Chailley-Bert (Paris, 1910). This otherwise worthwhile commentator has some surprisingly Europocentric views.
Un "expert" saxon dans les mines d'or de Sumatra au XVIIème s.
Authors: Lombard Denys
Published: September 2009

3. Emas tidak lagi memainkan peranan di kepulauan Nusantara se- bagai motor ekonomi, seperti dulu. Tetapi pada abad ke 17 kekuasaan para Sultan Atjeh masih berasal dari pengawasan jang didjalankan mereka atas tambang2 emas di daerah Minangkabau dan V.O.C. lama sekali merindukan untuk menjita tambang2 tersebut demi keuntungannja sendiri.

Denys Lombard disini mentjeriterakan tentang petualangan dari kira2 duapuluh orang buruh tambang bangsa Djerman, jang telah diangkut oleh para direktur V.O.C. dari Djerman, pada tahun 1680, dan dikirim ke Salida (sebelah selatan Padang) untuk menambang emas di tambang jang baru di- milikinja. Berita itu kita kenal dari tjeritera jang telah ditinggalkan Elias Hesse (sekretaris dari team ketjil itu) : Ostindianische Reisebechreibung (Dresden, 1687).

Selain "achli2" bangsa Djerman dan sekelompok ketjil tentara Be- landa, Ambon dan Bugis jang mendjaga keamanan disana, tambang emas itu memperkerdjakan tidak kurang dari 345 budak, jang didatangkan dari pulau Nias, Makasar, Timor, djuga Malabar dan Malagasi. Bagaimanapun hasil tambang itu kelihatannja sangat miskin sekali dan hawa disitu sangat
L'élaboration d'après corpus d'un dictionnaire de l'indonésien contemporain
Authors: Labrousse P.
Published: September 2009

3. P. Labrousse gives some facts on the Indonesian-French Dictionary that he has undertaken in Bandung, using a vast corpus, consisting not only of "literary texts" but also of newspaper selections, secondary and college textbooks and even extracts from popular illustrated magazines. During the past three years, the team of Indonesian collaborators that is working with P. Labrousse, has prepared about 175,000 cards; the compilation of the first volume (letters A to I) is being finished and will be put to press in the fall of 1972.
Horison : six années d'une revue littéraire indonésienne
Authors: Chambert-Loir Henri
Published: September 2009

4. H. Chambert-Loir has analysed the literary magazine Horison wich has been appeating in Indonesia since July 1966.
L'Islam et la culture malaise
Authors: Muhammad Naguib Al-Attas Syed
Published: September 2009

III. 1. Prof. Syed M. Naguib Al-Attas, who teaches Malayan literature at the University Kebangsaan of Kuala Lumpur, is known for his studies on Malayan mysticism and his new ideas on the role of Islam in the Archipelago. On the occasion of his inaugural lesson, given last January, he summarized some of his principal conceptions; in a long text, some passages of which Denys Lombard has translated here, the author takes up a position against the Indianists who insist on exaggerating the importance of the "Indo-Javanese" period, and presents the arrival of Islam as marking a great intellectual revolution, the only ' renovation" worthy of the name that ever occurred in South-East Asia.
Les archives françaises au service des études indonésiennes : Java sous Daendels (1808 -1811)
Authors: Eymeret Joël
Published: September 2009

2. Dengan terutama mempergunakan dokumen2 jang tersimpan dalam arsip2 Perantjis (Archives Nationales, Kementrian Hankam dan Angkatan Laut), J. Eymeret menggambarkan kembali tjiri2 utama dari politik "Jacobin" Daendels di Djawa. Selama tiga tahun dipulau Djawa (1808-1811), Daendels melakukan reforme2 jang meluas dan sangat penting artinja: pemindahan pusat ad- ministratip dari Kota ke Weltevreden (jang merupakan asal berdirinja kota Djakarta sekarang), pembangunan "djalan besar" jang terkenal (jang membalik halaman sedjarah ekonomi di Djawa), pengambilan politia "jang ketat" terdahap pembesar2 bumi- putera, jang sesudah itu terus dilaksanakan oleh pemerintah Hindia Belanda pada abad ke 19.
Le commerce extérieur indonésien de 1963 à 1969/70
Authors: Jacolin Henry
Published: September 2009

4. H. Jacolin, bekas Attaché commercial Perantjis di Djakarta (1969- 1971) menjaksikan perkembangan perdagangan ekspor Indonesia dalam djangka jang relatif lama, dengan mengambil titik tolak tahun 1963, dua tahun sebelum kemelutnja tahun 1965. Analisa jang tjukup mendalam it-u dapat menelorkan beberapa konklusi : untuk pertama kali sedjak tahun 1951, ekspor Indonesia tahun 1971 telah melampaui djumlah satu miljar dollar, hal ini menundjukkan adanja suatu kenaikan jang luar biasa. Padahal djumlah global ekspor masih tetap ketjil, kalau kita bandingkan dengan besar- nja negara ini. Per lu pula dikemukakan bahwa Indonesia makin lama makin memusatkan perdagangannja di Asia dan terutama dengan Djepang; sebagai pembeli keempathasil ekspor Indonesia pada tahun 1963, Djepang telah menduduki tempat kedua pada tahun 1965, dan kemudian tempat pertama sedjak tahun 1967.
Entretien avec le prince K.G.P.H. Hadiwidjojo
Authors: Damais A.
Published: September 2009

III. (1) Prince Hadiwidjojo, passionate and undisputed specialist of all that concerns Javanese culture and more particularly the traditions of the court of Surakarta, here tells us what he thinks is the profond significance of the bedojo ketawang, one of the most sacred and most solemn dances of Java. Executed by nine dancers in the presence of Susuhunan at the time of the anniversary of his accession to the throne, this dance is not in any way a "spectacle", and until a very recent date, rarely were those people outside of the immediate entourage of Susuhunan allowed to be present.

Traditionally, in fact, the creation of this dance is imputed to the Roro Kidul or Queen of the South Sea, who reigns over all the shores of the inhospitable southern ocean. The sovereigns of central Java were said to take their power from an alliance that their ancestor, Senapati, had made with this powerful dity, and the excution of a bedojo ketawang would be for the Roro Kidul, the occasion to come to earth, to mix, invisiblely with the other dancers, and to again express to the Susuhunan the love that she nourishes for him. Prince Hadiwidjojo also sees in the bedojo ke> tawang a cosmic dance of Indian origin, where the nine dancers correspond to the nine planets, and where the pradaksina movement which they described around the throne of the sovereign is to be connected with the rotation of the stars around the center of the world.

The article ends with an explanation of the very person of Roro Kidul, of the way in which she manifests herself to men and, moreover, of the cult which is rendered to her.
Chronique d'Indonésie 1971 (2e semestre)
Authors: Genest Jules
Published: September 2009

1. Jules Genest meneruskan kroniknja tentang Indonesia dengan menuliskan kedjadian2 penting selama triwulan kedua 1971, terutama menekankan pada penjempurnaan kabinet pada bulan Mei.
Un colloque sur "l'Indonésie après les élections de 1971"
Authors: Cayrac-Blanchard Françoise
Published: September 2009

(2) Françoise Cayrac-Blanchard (Center of International Relations Studies, Paris) reviews the conference on "Indonesia after the 1971 elections" which took place at the University of Hull (England) was attended by and which brought together fifty researchers and observers.
Multatuli et la "liberté du travail" aux Indes néerlandaises
Authors: Roelandt L.
Published: September 2009

(3) One know Max Havelaar, but the other works of Multatuli are less well known. L. Roelandt, who has translated a large number of French works into Dutch and Dutch works into French (notably the translation of Max Havelaar, Paris. 1968) offers us here some of the little known theoretical texts of Multatuli, relative to the famous Cultuurstelsel or "System of Cultures" set up by the Dutch administration in Java beginning in 1830. Multatuli does not present himself as an anti-colonialist, to the contrary, he even accept the principal of forcée et soulignée cultures, and interesting fact: the "system" is not a Dutch innovation but the legalization of a pre-existing Javanese system.
Chronique d'Indonésie (second semestre 1972)
Authors: Genest Jules
Published: September 2009

I. 1. Jules Genest continues his Indonesian Chronicle for the second half of 1972, a year which was marked by the occurrence of economic problems, the rising of prices and the effects of an exceptionally long dry season.
Images des cinémas indonésien et malaysien.
Authors: Lombard Denys
Published: September 2009

3. To comment on the vast number of pictures covering no less than 40 pages, Denys Lombard has composed a lengthy and detailed report, which simultaneously gives an overall picture of the whole history of the Indonesian as well as the Malaysian cinema.
Les vedettes du cinéma indonésien
Authors: K.H. Ramadhan , Yusa Biran Misbach
Published: September 2009

6. Ramadhan KH dan Misbach Yusa Biran menceritakan tentang

kelahiran, kejayaan dan kemunduran bintang2 film Indonesia.
Aperçu sur l'histoire du cinéma malais
Authors: Sulong Jamil
Published: September 2009

14. Jamil Sulung, seorang sutradara yang terkenal di Malaysia^ melalui riwayat hidupnya telah menceritakan disini sebagian besar dari sejarah perfilman Malaysia.
Pages d'exotisme (V) : "Un roman d'amour à Java"
Authors: Lombard Denys
Published: September 2009

4. Our pages of "exotica" are devoted this time to a French novel published in 1919 : Un roman d'amour à Java (Romance in Java) by R. Chauvelot.
Earl, Logan and "Indonesia"
Authors: Jones Russell
Published: September 2009

III. 1. Dr. Russel Jones (School of Oriental Languages di London) dengan secara terperinci membicarakan kembali asal usul nama "Indonesia" dan secara teliti meninjau kembali berbagai pemakaian nama tersebut dalam karya2 ilmu bumi Eropah pada akhir abad ke XIX serta tulisan2 yang pertama ditulis oleh para nasionalis Indonesia abad ke XX. Nama "Indonesia" untuk pertama kali di- gunakan oleh Earl, seorang pelancong bangsa Inggris, lalu dipopu- lerkan oleh Bastian dan kemudian Mohammad Hatta.
Repérage et découpage du temps chez les Bunaq du centre de Timor
Authors: Friedberg Claudine
Published: September 2009

2. Cl. Friedberg (Museum, Paris) analyses the notion of time as it appears in the language and myths of the Bunaq people of Central Timor, among whom she stayed twice for long periods; two Bunaq tales, recorded some time ago by Louis Berthe, are translated here.
Iconologie politique du timbre-poste indonésien
Authors: Leclerc Jacques
Published: September 2009

3. J. Leclerc mencoba menganalisa ideologi, yang dikandung dan di- gambarkan dengan sadar maupun tidak dalam perangko2 yang telah dikeluarkan oleh Pemerintah Indonesia sejak kemerdekaan. Beberapa grafis perangko2 tersebut telah dapat menolong penulis untuk menunjukkan tema2 besar dari ideologi tersebut. Oleh karenanya penulis mengemukakan bahwa perangko2, yang umumnya hanya menarik kaum philatelis, seharusnya juga mendapat perhatian dari para akhli dalam bidang sejarah mentalitet.
Imerina Famadihana as a secondary burial
Authors: McGeorge Susan
Published: September 2009

II. 1. Susan McGeorge analyses the Malagasy Merina custom of secondary burial (famadihana) as the decisive step which brings the deceased from a liminal state to the world of the ancestors.
Une nouvelle interprétation de la signification du candi
Authors: Soekmono R.
Published: September 2009

III. 1. Dr. R. Soekmono (Ketua Proyek Pemugaran Candi Borobudur) mengingkari teori yang sudah lama diakui bahwa candi-candi Jawa adalah makam. Penulis menyimpulkan bahwa candi-candi itu didirikan bagai linga sebagai wadah intisari kerajaan seorang pe- nguasa.
La représentation phallique de la pura Pusering Jagat à Pejeng
Authors: Atmodjo M.M. Sukarto K.
Published: September 2009

2. M.M. Sukarto K. Atmodjo melukiskan sebuah phallus dan se- buah vulva dari batu yang disimpan di pura Pusering Jagat, Pejeng, Bali, dan menganalisa fungsinya.
Newly discovered sarcophagi in Bali
Authors: Sutaba I Made
Published: September 2009

3. I Made Sutaba (Lembaga Purbakala, Gianyar) memberikan la- poran tentang penemuan baru dua sarcophagi di Bali.
Les charpentes figurées de Prambanan
Authors: Dumarçay Jacques
Published: September 2009

4. Jacques Dumarçay (E.F.E.O., Borobudur) tries to reconstitute three types of frameworks which .are represented on, the Pramba-^ nan temple bas-reliefs. f . . M ^--^.is
Bureaucracy and Aristocracy. The Indonesian experience in the XlXth century
Authors: Kartodirdjo Sartono
Published: September 2009

. . 5. Sartono Kartodirdjo gives a survey of the relations between aristocracy and bureaucracy in 19-th Java and analyses the influence of colonial administration on the evolution of these relations.
A propos du "R.U.U.", Histoire d'une législation matrimoniale
Authors: Vreede-De Stuers Cora
Published: September 2009

2. Cora Vreede-De Stuers dont la célèbre étude sur "l'émancipation de la femme indonésienne" a été récemment traduite en anglais, reprend l'histoire de la législation matrimoniale indonésienne et rappelle les étapes qui ont précédé l'adoption de la dernière loi sur le mariage en décembre 1973.
L'Indonésie à Paris (1974)
Authors: Milcent Bénédicte
Published: September 2009

4. Bénédicte Milcent (PREAVI, Paris) attempt to outline the image of Indonesia that is building up in France and to point out the various activities that helped to introduce Indonesia to the people of Paris during the first monthes of 1974.
"Karya Taur Agung Ekadasa Rudra" : rite centenaire de purification au temple de Besakih (Bali)
Authors: Gusti Ngurah Bagus I
Published: September 2009

2. I Gusti Ngurah Bagus (Universitas Udayana, Bali) décrit le grand rituel de purification (Karya Taur Ekadasa Rudra) qui eut lieu en 1963 au temple de Besakih, à Bali, au moment de la terrible éruption du Gunung Agung.
Note sur la confection des tissus de type ikat à Madagascar
Authors: Heurtebize G. , Rakotoarisoa J. A.
Published: September 2009

3. G. Heurtebize et J.A. Rakotoarisoa (Université de Tananarive) décrivent en détail les diverses étapes de la fabrication des rabanes dans une région du Nord-ouest de Madagascar, où s'est maintenu un antique procédé qui rappelle Vikat du monde indonésien.
The Spanish Tobacco Monopoly in the Philippines, 1782-1883 and the Dutch Forced Cultivation System in Indonesia, 1834-1870
Authors: Pelzer Karl J.
Published: September 2009

3. Karl J. Pelzer (Yale University, USA) mengadakan perbandingan antara sistim monopoli tembakau di Pilipina pada abad XVIII dan XIX dan sistim "cultuurstelsel" di Jawa sesudah 1830. Ada ke- mungkinan pada asalnya bukanlah merupakan sistim. yang "diimport" oleh para penjajah, melainkan suatu sistim tradisionil yang sudah dikenal di Jawa Barat.
Aux origines de la littérature sino-malaise : un sjair publicitaire de 1886
Authors: Lombard-Salmon Claudine
Published: September 2009

4. Starting from an advertisement in the form of a poem which was edited in Java in 1886 and which gives the list of a series of novels translated from Chinese in to Malay, the problem of the beginning of the puzzling "sino-malay literature" is tackled again by Cl. Lombard-Salmon (CNRS, Paris).
Southeast Asian Studies in Japan
Authors: Nagazumi Akira
Published: September 2009

1. Le Prof. Nagazumi, de l'Université de Tokyo, fait le point sur l'état de la recherche concernant l'Asie du Sud-Est, et plus spécialement l'Indonésie, au Japon. Une perspective historique permet de mettre en évidence les grandes tendances qui ont marqué cette recherche depuis le début du XXe s. Spécialement rédigé à la demande de la rédaction d'Archipel, cet article a également été présenté par son auteur lors du Sixième congrès des Historiens d'Asie à Yogyakarta.
Agrarian Radicalism and movements of native insurrection in South Kalimantan (1858-1865)
Authors: Idwar Saleh M.
Published: September 2009

4. Idwar Saleh (Universitas Banjarmasin) , menuruti metode Prof. Sartono dalam penelitiannya mengenai pembrontakan di Banten tahun 1888, mempelajari dengan teliti kerusuhan-kerusuhan sosial dan keagamaan di negeri Ban jar yang menentang pendudukan Belanda pada abad ke XIX.
Les tongkonan, maisons d'origine des Toraja
Authors: Paliwan Tandilangi Puang
Published: September 2009

2) Les maisons ornées des Toraja sont célèbres. Puang Paliwan Tandilangi (Yayasan Kebudayaan Sulawesi Selatan dan Teng- gara, Ujung Pandang) nous renseigne ici, non sur leur ornementation, trait secondaire quoique non négligeable, mais sur la fonction sociale des plus importantes d'entre elles, les tongkonan (qui, justement ne sont pas toutes ornées), et met en lumière le lien qui les unit à certains groupes généalogiques et à certaines dignités ou à certaines fonctions de gouvernement. En guise d'illustration, l'auteur nous rapporte l'origine des premiers tongkonan, et en particulier de ceux de la région de Sangalla', Méngkéndék et Ma'kalé.
La première fête funéraire chez les Toraja Sa'dan
Authors: Koubi Jeannine
Published: September 2009

3) After some general considerations on the funeral rituals of the Toraja, Janine Koubi (CeDRASEMI, Paris) describes the first phase of the more elaborate among them, reserved for those of noble rank. This lasts five days, and the sacrifice with which it opens constitutes the man's true death. Even if he has already been dead for several months, one pretends to consider him as "sick". It is only after the second rite that the body receives its tomb and only after a final ceremony can the deceased rejoin the world of his deified ancestors or deata.
Le statut des femmes bugis et makassar vu par leurs propres sociétés
Authors: Daéng Mangemba Hamzah
Published: September 2009

6) Satu ciri lain dari masyarakat tersebut adalah kedudukan wanita. Hamzah Daeng Mangemba (Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Hasanudin, Ujung Pandang) dalam beberapa halaman menerang- kan bagaimana Bugis dan Makasar menghadapi persoalan ini. Meskipun adanya pembagian yang jelas atas prinsip kewajiban, dimana laki-laki bertanggung jawab keluar untuk urusan keluarga, demikian juga untuk menjaga kehormatan isterinya, saudara-saudara perempuannya dan anak-anak perempuannya, tetapi urusan rumah tangga terutama berada di tangan isteri, dan tanpa persetujuannya, suami tak dapat mengambil kepu- tusan yang penting. Mungkin kedudukan mereka tidak dapat dikatakan sama, akan tetapi nilainya sama. Lebih menarik lagi, sesuai dengan prinsip dimana yang penting bukanlah jenis kelamin sebenarnya, melainkan watak seseorang, bila seorang wanita berwatak laki-laki, dia harus dianggap sebagai laki-laki. Sering kita lihat pada zaman dulu wanita-wanita Bugis atau Makasar memiliki kekuasaan politik (atau pada waktu ini ke- kuasaan administratif) atau bahkan militer.
L'expansion du royaume de Goa et sa politique maritime aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles
Authors: Tapala La Side' Daéng
Published: September 2009

7) Les Makassar, tout comme les Bugis, sont réputés dans tout l'Archipel pour leurs activités maritimes. La Sida'Daéng Ta- pala (Lembaga Sejarah dan Antropologi, Ujung Pandang) voudrait attirer notre attention sur l'important rôle politique que jouèrent leurs forces navales aux XVe et XVIIe siècles dans l'ascension et l'expansion de Goa (ou du "royaume de Macassar", comme disaient alors les Européens), ainsi que dans sa lutte de plus de cinquante ans contre les entreprises monopolitiques de la Compagnie néerlandaise des Indes Orientales. L'auteur, qui se fonde à la fois sur des sources hollandaises et sur des sources locales, nous propose une image impressionnante de la flotte de Goa, tant du point de vue du nombre des unités engagées que de celui de leurs dimensions ou du nombre d'hommes embarqués. C'est à bon droit, conclut-il, qu'on peut qualifier le Goa de cette époque d"empire maritime".
On old Buginese and Basa Bissu
Authors: Sirk U.
Published: September 2009

2) Réservant son attention à la seule langue bugis, Û. Sirk (Institut Orientaliste de l'Académie des Sciences de l'URSS) s'intéresse plus particulièrement au vocabulaire que le linguiste hollandais Matthès avait, il y a cent ans, qualifié dans son vocabulaire comme "archaïque" ou "appartenant à la langue des bissu". L'auteur essaie d'abord de tirer au clair ces deux concepts de "langue archaïque" et de "langue des bissu1', dont Matthès ne donne aucune définition précise. Ceci n'est pas facile, car des mots qualifiés d'archaïques peuvent se retrouver dans des textes relativement récents (surtout poétiques) sans qu'on puisse établir d'équivalence entre "langage poétique" et "langage archaïque"; d'autre part, des mots de la "langue des bissu" peuvent se retrouver dans la littérature ancienne dans un contexte absolument neutre, alors qu'on s'attendrait qu'ils soient employés surtout dans un contexte magico-religieux. Le lien entre les deux langages est mis en évidence par le fait que les textes à vocabulaire bissu dominant comportent aussi un très fort pourcentage de termes archaïques. L'auteur conclut en soulignant la parenté existant entre cette couche archaïque et certaines langues de Célèbes-Centre et Sud-Est. Remarque intéressante si on se rappelle ce que dit R. Mills sur l'hypothétique substrat linguistique des langues de Célèbes-Sud.
Syair Burung Nuri, présentation et transcription du manuscrit ML 8 de la bibliothèque de Jakarta
Authors: Yusuf Yusmari
Published: September 2009

III. 1. Denis Nardin disini menulis bagian kedua dari Daftar perpus- takaan mengenai Pilipina dalam bahasa Perancis; adapun bagian pertamanya yang meliputi buku-buku saja telah terbit dalam ARCHIPEL 9 (hal. 57-68). Sedang bagian kedua ini meliputi artikel-artikel yang dikumpulkan sebagai hasil penelitian 112 majalah dalam bahasa Perancis.
Langit Makin Mendung : Upheaval in Indonesian Literature.
Authors: Deakin Christine
Published: September 2009

4. Christine Deakin (SOAS, Londres) memberikan terjemahan dalam bahasa Inggeris cerpen Kipanjikusmin yang terkenal, Langit mdkin mendung, yang pada tahun 1968 telah menim- bulkan heboh sastra Indonesia. Lingkungan Islam menganggap cerpen tersebut menghina Tuhan dan Nabi, sehingga cerpen yang telah diterbitkan itu dilarang dan redaktur majalah yang memuatnya, H.B. Jassin, terpaksa diajukan ke pengadilan.
Une morale en images : les peintures murales du Xie-tian-gong de Bandung
Authors: Lombard-Salmon Claudine
Published: September 2009

3. Cl. Lombard-Salmon (CNRS, Paris) menganalisa ikonografi hiasan tembok luar Xie-tian-gong, klenteng Bandung. Meskipun ikonografi tersebut masih muda umurnya (1971), secara relatif mengandung nilai yang dalam, memancarkan suatu kebudayaan sastra tradisionil dan merupakan ajaran moral dalam bentuk gambar bagi para pengikutnya.
Histoire des dictionnaires du malais et de l'indonésien
Authors: Labrousse Pierre
Published: September 2009

— Pierre Labrousse (Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales, Paris,) who has been working for several years on a new Indonesian-French Dictionary, examines the different stages in the history of Malay-Indonesian lexicography, in what is admittedly a factual narrative, but which shows us what attitudes towards the phenomenon of language were, and which places this phenomenon in the context of social development.
Les nationalistes indonésiens vus par un romancier malais : Shamsuddin Saleh
Authors: Chambert-Loir Henri
Published: September 2009

— Henri Chambert-Loir (EFEO, Bandung,) discusses a little- known figure from the literature written between the two wars, the novelist Syamsuddin Saleh, who was born in Sumatra and at present lives in retirement in West Malaysia. His numerous works — of which only a few rare copies survive — were all published in Arabic characters ; they were at the same time both social novels and detective stories, and it is difficult now to say whether the author was in fact on the side of the "reds" whom he introduces in his works, sometimes to regard them approvingly, sometimes to condemn them.
Echos de Jakarta
Authors: Lombard Denys
Published: September 2009

III. After some items on Jakarta concerning the Archaeological Service, the Archives, the Language Institute and the new Museums, Claudine Lombard-Salmon (CNRS, Paris,) published a number of Indonesian Chinese tombs of the XVII and XVIII centuries, found in the Javanese Pasisir region and in Ambon.
The search for national identity of an Indonesian Chinese : a political biography of Liem Koen Hian
Authors: Suryadinata Leo
Published: September 2009

L. Suryadinata menceritakan riwayat hidup Liem Koen Hian (1896-1952) dan membahas pikiran politiknya. Tokoh tersebut adalah salah seorang tokoh politik keturunan Tionghoa yang paling berpenga- ruh di Indonesia sebelum Perang Dunia II. Dia jadi wartawan di Kalimantan, di Sumatra dan terutama di Jawa, dan dialah yang men- dirikan Partai Tionghoa Indonesia pada tahun 1932. Sebelum memper- joangkan nasionalisme Indonesia dia sebetulnya mempropagandakan nasionalisme Tionghoa ; dan tidak lama sesudah kemerdekaan dia akhirnya memilih kewarganegaran Tionghoa. Meskipun demikian dia tetap dianggap sebagai bapak dan pelopor faham asimilasionis.
Tio Ie Soei, journaliste et homme de lettres de Jakarta (1890-1974)
Authors: Lombard-Salmon Claudine
Published: September 2009

Cl. Lombard Salmon (CNRS, Paris) memberi gambaran tentang Tio le Soei, wartawan dan sasterawan yang lahir dan meninggal di Jakarta (1890-1974). Tio le Soei pernah menghasilkan sekitar 20 buah karya : novel, cerpen dan terjemahan serta sebuah buku yang bagus berupa riwayat hidup Lie Kim Hock, seorang pelopor sastera Melayu- Tionghoa.
La littérature en malais romanisé des Chinois de Malaisie, première enquête
Authors: Lombard-Salmon Claudine
Published: September 2009

Cl. Lombard-Salmon décrit la littérature en malais romanisé des Chinois de Malaisie de 1889 à 1942. S'adressant aux Baba, Chinois peranakan ayant souvent perdu l'usage du chinois et parlant le malais plutôt que l'anglais, cette littérature est analogue à celle des Chinois d'Indonésie dont elle est contemporaine, mais elle est beaucoup plus limitée en nombre de volumes et n'a donné naissance qu'à un très petit nombre d'oeuvres originales. Hormis quelques recueils de pantun et syair, cette littérature est faite de traductions de romans chinois. L'auteur commente ces caractéristiques, décrit la presse chinoise, évoque quelques unes des principales figures de cette littérature, puis donne la liste des 88 ouvrages qui ont pu être recensés.
The Leyden Centre for the History of European Expansion, Balance and Perspectives
Authors: Wesseling H.L.
Published: September 2009

H.L. Wesseling menerangkan tentang riset dan program pengajaran yang dibuat oleh Pusat Leiden untuk Sejarah Expansi Eropa sejak didirikannya Pusat tersebut tahun 1976. Pusat studi tersebut menyusun program studi expansi kolonial, terutama expansi Belanda, dan reaksi- reaksi yang ditimbulkan olehnya, tanpa membatasi diri pada negeri Hindia Belanda. Dalam waktu dekat akan diterbitkan sejumlah sumber- sumber arsip terutama mengenai statistik tentang Suriname dan Taiwan, mengenai pegawai-pegawai negeri dan pegawai VOC danjuga mengenai perjalanan yang telah dilakukan dari Negeri Belanda keAsia pada abad kc XVIII.
Le Congrès des Etudes sur l'Asie du Sud-Est ; Kota Kinabalu, novembre 1977
Authors: Lombard Denys
Published: September 2009

D. Lombard menyampaikan laporan Konggres studi tentang Asia Tenggara yang telah berlangsung di Kota Kinabalu pada bulan Nopem— ber 1977. Selain adanya kertas-kertas kerja yang menarik dan sebuah ceramah yang hampir secara sistematis mengenai keadaan studi tentang: Indonesia di seluruh dunia, konggres tersebut telah menonjolkan pemikir- ari yang hangat untuk memperkenalkan konsep Asia Tenggara dalam. studi dan pengajaran di negara-negara Asia sendiri.
Colloque "Langues et histoire dans l'espace indonésien" (M.S.H. Paris, avril 27-29 1978)
Authors: Bonneff Marcel
Published: September 2009

Pada bulan April 1978 di Paris, Archipel mengadakan loka-karyanya yang pertama tentang perkembangan bahasa-bahasa dan kesusastraan di Nusantara dipandang dari segi historis. Laporan M. Bonneff mencakup- daftar paper yang diajukan dan nama para peserta yang mewakili beberapa Universitas di Eropa dan di Indonesia.
Note sur la communauté des Khoja shi'ites de Tananarive
Authors: Houssen Dilavard
Published: September 2009

Dilavard Houssen memaparkan asal dan beberapa aspek sosial dan agama masyarakat Khoja dari Madagaskar. Mereka berasaldari daerah Gujarat (India) yang telah merantau ke Madagaskar dengan jalan me- mutar melalui Afrika Timur sejak pertengahan abad ke XIX. Penduduk Khoja yang berjumlah 2.600 orang itu adalah pemeluk agama Islam aliran shi'ah. Mereka merupakan masyarakat yang menyendiri tetapi yang cenderung mengikuti perkembangan moderen.
Un marchand arménien au service de la Compagnie française des Indes: Marcara Avanchinz
Authors: Rantoandro Gabriel
Published: September 2009

G. Ratoandro membawakan petualangan seorang perantara dagang bangsa Armenia yang bekerja pada Compagnie Française des Indes pada akhir abad ke 1 7. Perantara tersebut lahir di Ispahan dan ber- nama Marcara Avanchinz. Setelah terlibat dalam urusan yang kurang beres dengan seorang pedagang dari Livourne, dia dibawa bekerja pada Compagnie yang didirikan oleh Colbert. Segera dia diangkat menjadi penasehat, kemudian berselisih dengan François Caron yang merugikan kedudukannya. Dia didakwa telah mempergunakan uang yang telah dipercayakan padanya untuk membuka kantor dagang di Masulipatnam dan akhirnya ditangkap meskipun dia mempunyai banyak dukungan yang kuat. Dia dibawa kembali ke Perancis dan segera dibebaskan pada tahun 1675. Kasusnya, yang meskipun cukup kabur, cukup penting sebagai bukti adanya jaringan orang-orang Armenia yang tidak dapat diajak bekerja sama oleh Compagnie Française.
A la recherche du "Melayu Betawi" ou parler malais de Batavia
Authors: Grijns Cornells Dirk
Published: September 2009

C. D. Grijns memperlihatkan masih hidupnya bahasa "Melayu Betawi" dan menunjukkan daerah-daerah pemakaiannya : secara geo- grafis, sosial, Bahasa Melayu Betawi adalah sua tu bahasa yang jelas berbeda dari bahasa-bahasa lain yang dipakai di Jakarta, baik tata bahasanya maupun kesadaran dari para pemakainya yang merupakan suatu golongan sosial yang homogen; bahasa tersebut mempunyai berbagai variasi dialektal dan akhirnya juga variasi-variasi yang di- timbulkan oleh konteks sosial. Ciri yang terakhir ini yang paling sukar ditentukan, karena bahasa Melayu Betawi bukanlah bahasa yang dipakai dalam upacara resmi atau dalam kesusastraan. Namun ditemui juga adanya contoh-contoh yang khusus dari adanya ciri tersebut dalam kesenian rakyat dan terutama dalam ceritera lenong yang terkenal : Nyai Dasima.
Un nationaliste du Kelantan: Abdul Kadir Adabi (1901-1944)
Authors: Rahman Al-Ahmadi Abdul
Published: September 2009

Abdul Rahman al-Ahmadi melukiskan kepribadian Abdul Kadir Adabi (1901-1944) seorang nasionalis Kelantan yang dalam berbagai surat kabar Melayu dengan berani telah berjuang untuk mencapai rcformasi sosial sebelum mengabdikan diri dalam Partai Kesatuan Melayu Muda demi kemerdekaan.
Hikayat percintaan kasih kemudaan
Authors: Bakar Hamid Abu
Published: September 2009

Hikqyat Percintaan Kasih Kemudaan («Un amour de Jeunesse») est un roman qui, depuis sa parution en 1927 - 28, était devenu quasiment introuvable. Une réédition récente ( Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 1975, préface de Abu Bakar Hamid ) permet de restituer sa place à cette oeuvre très caractéristique de la littérature d'avant-guerre. Il s'agit d'une histoire d'amour au style et au sujet assez conventionnels, mais qui manifeste également un esprit nouveau, car l'auteur, par son tempérament, était en harmonie avec les transformations profondes qui s'accomplissaient dans la Malaisie du début du siècle : Ahmad Kotot, né en 1901, n'est pas un personnage de premier plan de la vie littéraire ou politique d'alors; instituteur et journaliste, il fut actif dans le milieu de sa région d'origine ( Pahang ) et Hikayat Percintaan Kasih Kemudaan est l'unique roman qu'il ait publié.

Turbulent à l'école, moderniste dans son village, Ahmad Kotot semble avoir été un homme de changement et de progrès. Ayant choisi d'exprimer dans un roman ses idées sur la société, il mit en scène des paysans dans un cadre tout à fait réaliste au point même qu'il crut bon de donner à ses personnages des noms peu familiers (Yazid et Zam- rud) afin qu'on ne pût penser qu'il racontait une histoire authentique.

Le style demeure proche de celui de la littérature classique; le récit est même émaillé de courts poèmes et de contes comme cela se faisait autrefois. Le sujet ( les amours d'une jeune veuve ) était déjà celui du célèbre roman Hikayat Faridah Hanum. Mais dans la façon dont le roman résout les rapports entre les deux amants et plus encore ceux entre le jeune homme et ses parents, la façon aussi ' dont le jeune couple, en épilogue, défriche une terre nouvelle et devient ainsi pour le village un modèle d'esprit d'entreprise et de réussite, on voit que l'auteur se tourne résolument vers l'avenir.

Aussi n'est-il pas exagéré de conclure que Hikqyat. Percintaan Kasih Kemudaan est le symbole de la rencontre, chez Ahmad Kotot lui-même, de la tradition et de la modernité.
Le huitième Congrès des Historiens d'Asie - Kuala Lumpur, 25-29 août 1980
Authors: Bonneff Marcel
Published: September 2009

The Eighth Congress of Historians of Asia —Kuala Lumpur, 25-29 August 1980 (Marcel Bonneff).
Le Séminaire sur la Littérature, la Société et la Culture Minangkabau — Bukittinggi, 4-6 septembre 1980
Authors: Moussay Gérard
Published: September 2009

Seminar on Minangkabau Literature, Society and Culture — Bukittinggi 4-6 September 1980 (Gérard Moussay).
Un Colloque sur les Manuscrits malais — Londres, 1er-19 septembre 1980
Authors: Zaini-Lajoubert Monique
Published: September 2009

Loka karya tentang naskah Melayu — London, 1-19 September 1980 (Monique Zaini-Lajoubert).
Un Séminaire sur l'Histoire de l'Islam dans l'Archipel — Aceh Timur, 25-30 septembre 1980
Authors: Chambert-Loir Henri
Published: September 2009

Loka karya tentang Sejarah Islam di Nusantara — Aceh Timur, 25-30 September 1980 (Henri Chambert-Loir).
Note sur le Dictionnaire françois et timorrien de F.E. de Rosily
Authors: Thomaz Luis Filipe F. R.
Published: September 2009

Luis Filipe F.R. Thomaz, A Note on the French-Timorese Dictionary of F.E. de Rosily.
La langue et la culture javanaises : entre modernisation et retraditionalisation
Authors: Bonneff Marcel
Published: September 2009

Marcel Bonneff

After reviewing the circumstances and results of the first congress of Javanese in Semarang (1991) and relating the proceedings of the second congress held at Batu in 1996, the article synthesizes the principle questions debated concerning the politics of language, usage, teaching, the press and publishing, literature and the arts, spirituality and values. In general, the evidence of a certain decline in spoken usage and the lack of interest in literature calls for concrete measures, which demand great institutional investment. But for the author, this congress, which put strong emphasis on cultural and spiritual values connected with language, can be seen from the point of view of its function in reinflecting identity. It seems as though Javanese must respond more and more to a need for symbolic and ideological " retraditionalizing " (according to the demands of " Javanism" [kejawen]) to the detriment of linguistic communication properly so called, bound to Indonesianizing.