bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
All alginate-derived high-performance T-Nb2O5/C//seaweed carbon Li-ion capacitors
Authors: Li Mingming , Fang Yan , Li Jinghan , Sun Boya , Du Jie , Liu Qinglei , Zhang Di
Published: February 2022

Benefitting from the well-matched kinetics and capacity between the counter electrodes and the ion transportability of sodium alginate, the all alginate-derived T-Nb2O5/C//seaweed carbon Li-ion capacitor has excellent electrochemical performance.
Non-metal-mediated N-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-induced acceptorless dehydrogenation of N-heterocycles via electrocatalysis
Authors: Hou Huiqing , Ma Xinhua , Ye Yaling , Wu Mei , Shi Sunjie , Zheng Wenhe , Lin Mei , Sun Weiming , Ke Fang
Published: February 2022

The development of protocols for direct catalytic acceptorless dehydrogenation of N-heterocycles with metal-free catalysts holds the key to difficulties in green and sustainable chemistry.
Thiazolidinedione derivatives as novel GPR120 agonists for the treatment of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Wang Xuekun , Ji Guoxia , Han Xinyu , Hao Huiran , Liu Wenjing , Xue Qidi , Guo Qinghua , Wang Shiben , Lei Kang , Liu Yadi
Published: February 2022

GPR120 has emerged as an attractive target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Thiazolidinedione derivatives were found to be novel potent GPR120 agonists.
An innovative study on the “on–off–on” detection of sulfur ions based on a TSPP–riboflavin fluorescent probe
Authors: Wang Huan , Mu Wencheng , Liu Yuanyuan , Lu Yongchang , Qiu Yuang , Ma Qin
Published: February 2022

In this paper, 5,10,15,20-(4-sulphonatophenyl) porphyrin (TSPP) was synthesized by a facile route and used as a fluorescent probe to construct a sensor system based on the high water solubility and high quantum yield.
Polar/apolar interfaces modulate the conformational behavior of cyclic peptides with impact on their passive membrane permeability
Authors: Linker Stephanie M. , Schellhaas Christian , Ries Benjamin , Roth Hans-Jörg , Fouché Marianne , Rodde Stephane , Riniker Sereina
Published: February 2022

This study uses molecular dynamics and Markov state models to analyse how interfaces interact with cyclic decapeptides and modulate their dynamic and equilibrium properties.
Insights into ZnO-based doped porous nanocrystal frameworks
Authors: Abebe Buzuayehu , Murthy H. C. Ananda
Published: February 2022

The synthesis of doped nanocomposites under the control of surfactants has outstanding potential for the photocatalytic degradation of dyes and antibacterial activity. 4D-STEM detector mode gathers real-space atomic-resolution images with high-speed and efficient detection.
Gamma radiation crosslinking of PVA/myrrh resin thin film for improving the post-harvest time of lemon fruits
Authors: Mohamed Tarek M. , Attia Mohamed S. , El-Sayyad Gharieb S. , Fathy Rasha M. , El-Batal Ahmed I.
Published: February 2022

Preparation of a thin film of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/myrrh natural resin using a low gamma irradiation dose (1 kGy) was investigated. The results show that PVA/myrrh thin film extends the shelf-life and maintains the quality of lemon fruits.
Topological defects in polycrystalline hexosomes from β-cyclodextrin fatty esters
Authors: Putaux Jean-Luc , Lancelon-Pin Christine , Choisnard Luc , Gèze Annabelle , Wouessidjewe Denis
Published: February 2022

Dislocations and tilt grain boundaries in colloidal polycrystalline hexosomes of amphiphilic β-cyclodextrins acylated on their secondary face with C14 chains were described using the concepts of coincidence site lattice and structural units.
Zinc blende inspired rational design of a β-SiC based resilient anode material for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Nandan Ravi , Takamori Noriyuki , Higashimine Koichi , Badam Rajashekar , Matsumi Noriyoshi
Published: February 2022

Developing a facile and scalable methodology for the rational design of silicon carbide, an enduring and effective anode for potential adoption and application in Li+-ion batteries.
Enrichment of low concentration methane: an overview of ventilation air methane
Authors: Yang Zhuxian , Hussain Mian Zahid , Marín Pablo , Jia Quanli , Wang Nannan , Ordóñez Salvador , Zhu Yanqiu , Xia Yongde
Published: February 2022

The state-of-the-art progress on unconventional technologies and materials for the enrichment of low concentration ventilation air methane is critically analyzed and overviewed.
Fabricating Ga doped and MgO embedded nanomaterials for sorption-enhanced steam reforming of methanol
Authors: Sun Zhao , Liu Junpeng , Zhang Rongjun , Wu Yu , Li Hongwei , Toan Sam , Sun Zhiqiang
Published: February 2022

Sorption-enhanced steam reforming of methanol (SE-SRM) is a promising approach to creating a high-purity hydrogen supply.
Engineering hierarchical Sb2S3/N–C from natural minerals with stable phase-change towards all-climate energy storage
Authors: Yuan Shaohui , Zhao Wenqing , Zeng Zihao , Dong Yu , Yang Yue , Sun Wei , Ge Peng
Published: February 2022

Hierarchical Sb2S3 with N-doped carbon is prepared through thermal interfacial reactions from natural stibnite. Lattice regeneration and interfacial engineering resulted in unique porous structure and enhanced electrochemical performance.
A novel decellularized trachea preparation method for the rapid construction of a functional tissue engineered trachea to repair tracheal defects
Authors: Zhang Boyou , Sun Fei , Lu Yi , Wang Zhihao , Shen Zhiming , Yuan Lei , Wu Qiang , Wu Cong , Shi Hongcan
Published: February 2022

Long segment trachea defects are repaired by tracheal substitution, while decellularized technology has been effectively employed to prepare tissue engineering trachea (TET).
Oxygen vacancy content drives self-reduction and anti-thermal quenching
Authors: Bai Yuxing , Sun Shaojun , Wu Liwei , Hu Tiangui , Zheng Lirong , Wu Li , Kong Yongfa , Zhang Yi , Xu Jingjun
Published: February 2022

Oxygen vacancies formed during the sample synthesis induce self-reduction and anti-TQ in air, and the contents can be increased in a reducing atmosphere to lead to stronger photoluminescent performances.
Controlling screw dislocation evolution towards highly homogeneous quasi-two-dimensional (BA)2(MA)n−1PbnI3n+1 single crystals for high-response photo-detectors
Authors: Yao Qing , Zhang Jie , Wang Kaiyu , Li Changqian , Shang Chenyu , Sun Haiqing , Zhang Weiwei , Zhou Tianliang , Zhu Huiling , Ding Jianxu
Published: February 2022

The response of planar photodetectors is enhanced by controlling the growth of a series of (BA)2(MA)n−1PbnI3n+1 SCs by macroscopic screw dislocation.
Bionic biphasic composite scaffolds with osteochondrogenic factors for regeneration of full-thickness osteochondral defects
Authors: Zhang Yanbo , Han Yu , Peng Yachen , Lei Jie , Chang Fei
Published: February 2022

A bionic biphasic composite scaffold with on-demand osteochondrogenic factors facilitated the regeneration of osteochondral defects.
Co–NCNT nanohybrid as a highly active catalyst for the electroreduction of nitrate to ammonia
Authors: Chen Jie , Zhou Qiang , Yue Luchao , Zhao Donglin , Zhang Longcheng , Luo Yongsong , Liu Qian , Li Na , Alshehri Abdulmohsen Ali , Hamdy Mohamed S. , Gong Feng , Sun Xuping
Published: February 2022

A Co–nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube nanohybrid exhibits efficient performance for the electroreduction of NO3− to NH3 under ambient conditions, attaining a high faradaic efficiency of 92% with a large NH3 yield of 5996 μg h−1 cm−2.
Activating room-temperature phosphorescence of 1,8-naphthalimide by doping into aromatic dicarboxylic acids
Authors: Wang Xiangming , Wang Zepeng , Feng Hua , Lin Chongyang , Shi Huifang , An Zhongfu , Su Zhong-Min , Liang Fu-Shun
Published: February 2022

The parent 1,8-naphthalimide, which is otherwise room-temperature phosphorescence inert, was activated by doping into aromatic dicarboxylic acids, leading to efficient and long-lived phosphorescent emission.
Copper(ii)-photocatalyzed decarboxylative oxygenation of carboxylic acids
Authors: Reichle Alexander , Sterzel Hannes , Kreitmeier Peter , Fayad Remi , Castellano Felix N. , Rehbein Julia , Reiser Oliver
Published: February 2022

Choosing the right coordination geometry for the light-induced Cu(ii)-catalyzed oxidative decarboxylation.
Highly stable silver nanohybrid electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Lenne Quentin , Retout Maurice , Gosselin Bryan , Bruylants Gilles , Jabin Ivan , Hamon Jonathan , Lagrost Corinne , Leroux Yann R.
Published: February 2022

Deliberate functionalization of silver nanoparticles with a monolayer of calix[4]arenes leads to a highly stable electrocatalyst toward the ORR.
Application of sugar-containing biomass: one-step synthesis of 2-furylglyoxylic acid and its derivatives from a vitamin C precursor
Authors: Chen Jiao , Zhu Zhenhua , Cai Jiali , Cao Mengru , Sha Feng , Tao Sha , Yang Hao , Gan Haifeng , Wu Hongli , Cao Fei , Zhao Lili , Ouyang Pingkai
Published: February 2022

A novel pathway is demonstrated for preparing the high-value pharmaceutical intermediate 2-furylglyoxylic acid from 2-keto-l-gulonic acid, a bio-based sugar acid, via dehydration.
On the singularity of scandium
Authors: Cotton Simon A. , Harrowfield Jack M.
Published: February 2022

Hydrogen-bonding interactions of the [Sc2(OH)2(OH2)10]4+ dimer containing 7-coordinate Sc(iii).
Characteristic analysis of three-ecofriendly reduced graphene oxides (rGOs) and their application in water–ethanol-based fluids with different volume ratios
Authors: Xu Jun , Lu Lingchao , Duan Guangbin , Zhao Weilin
Published: February 2022

Three ecofriendly reduced graphene oxides (rGOs) and rGO nanofluids with different water–ethanol volume ratios were prepared. The microstructure of rGO and the stability, thermal conductivity and contact angle of rGO nanofluids were investigated.
A theoretical study on the formation mechanism of carboxylic sulfuric anhydride and its potential role in new particle formation
Authors: Zhang Haijie , Wang Wei , Li Hong , Gao Rui , Xu Yisheng
Published: February 2022

Organic acids could improve their nucleation ability through the cycloaddition reaction of SO3to generate corresponding carboxylic sulfuric anhydrides which may play a potential role in the atmospheric new particle formation.
A gold nanoparticle-based visual aptasensor for rapid detection of acetamiprid residues in agricultural products using a smartphone
Authors: Xu Chengnan , Lin Mei , Song Chaonan , Chen Danli , Bian Caimiao
Published: February 2022

Based on the colorimetric analysis of gold nanoparticles and a smartphone readable strategy, a stable, sensitive, and visual method was established for rapid detection of acetamiprid residues in agricultural products.
Sequence-dependent quenching of fluorescein fluorescence on single-stranded and double-stranded DNA
Authors: Lietard Jory , Ameur Dominik , Somoza Mark M.
Published: February 2022

Fluorescein is commonly used to label macromolecules, particularly proteins and nucleic acids, but its fluorescence is known to be strongly dependent on its direct chemical environment.
Facile transmetallation of [SbIII(DOTA)]− renders it unsuitable for medical applications
Authors: Chen Catherine , Sommer Charlotte , Thisgaard Helge , McKee Vickie , McKenzie Christine J.
Published: February 2022

The antimony(iii) complex of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetate (DOTA) has been prepared and its exceptionally low stability observed.
Systematic Physical Assistance During Intervention for People Who Use High-Tech Augmentative and Alternative Communication Systems: The Importance of Using a Common Vocabulary
Authors: Bean Allison , Williams Whitney , Cargill Lindsey Paden , Lyle Samantha , Sonntag Amy Miller
Published: February 2022

Purpose:

Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) use prompting hierarchies to facilitate learning and monitor treatment progress. When working with people who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC), SLPs typically use physical assistance to prompt motor learning. However, there is currently no standardization regarding the number of physical prompting levels or an operational definition for each prompting level. Clinicians and researchers may be working from different definitions; making treatment progress monitoring and intervention effectiveness comparisons across research studies is problematic.

Method:

The purpose of this article is to illustrate the advantage of using the language in the Functional Independence Measure
SM
(FIM; Deutsch et al., 1996) to describe the level of physical assistance provided during AAC intervention and AAC intervention research for individuals who use high-tech AAC systems.

Results:

Standardizing the level of physical assistance will provide important information regarding AAC learning that researchers may use as they continue to study the active ingredients of AAC intervention. Furthermore, standardizing the descriptions of physical assistance levels will enable clinicians to accurately describe a learner's performance.

Conclusion:

This article describes how the language used in the FIM may be used by SLPs to provide a consistent, continuous, and systematic approach to fading the physical assistance used during AAC intervention to ultimately support independent use of high-tech AAC systems.
Characterization of nanoscale precipitates and enhanced mechanical properties of high strength weld metals containing Cu additions after PWHT
Authors: Wang Jiamei , Di Xinjie , Li Chengning , Wang Dongpo
Published: February 2022

In order to match rapidly development of high strength low alloy steels, the new metal cored wire contained copper was designed. The multi-pass weld metals were obtained by gas metal arc welding. Results show that microstructure of weld metals is bainite with M-A constituents, and there are nano-9RCu precipitates after PWHT. The weld metal as welded achieves 737 MPa of yield strength (YS) and 1097 MPa of ultimate tensile strength (UTS), with an elongation 8%. After PWHT, the YS and UTS are 725 MPa and 968 MPa, respectively, and elongation increases to 16%. The lower dislocations density and reduction of Cu element at solid solution state hence for the decrease of YS. As well, the nano-Cu precipitates and reduction of effective grain size make it increase. The combined effect of these factors makes YS decrease by only 12 MPa after PWHT. Besides, a good impact performance (46.6 J) can be obtained after PWHT, while it is only 27.7 J of weld metals as welded. The improved toughness of weld metals after PWHT is obtained by the contributions of finer effective grain size, soft bainite, and dispersed nano-9RCu precipitation. The nano-Cu precipitates can improve strength without damage to toughness of weld metal after PWHT.
Influence of laser pre-precipitation on the corrosion resistance of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy with deep cryogenic treatment
Authors: Ma Siyi , Su Ruiming , Wang Kaining , Wang Lei , Qu Yingdong , Li Rongde
Published: February 2022

A recently developed AA7075 was subjected to solid solution, high temperature laser surface treatment, deep cryogenic treatment, and artificial aging. The microstructure evolution and precipitation behavior were examined, and their effects on corrosion behaviour were analyzed. The results showed that coarse η phases disappeared and a large number of smaller η phases were formed after high temperature laser surface treatment. Most of the phases dissolved into Al matrix during solution and fine η phases precipitated in laser treatment. η′ phases appeared in the high temperature laser surface treatment samples. Mg element precipitated in deep cryogenic treatment. It was concluded that the precipitation of AA7075 during heat treatment followed the sequence of solid solution → GPI (Guinier Preston) zones → metastable η′ → stable η. Reasonable laser scanning power owned the best corrosion resistance. The reasonable sample which the laser power was 1000 W showed much better corrosion resistance due to the coarsening and separation of grain boundary precipitations.
Empirische Erfassung patient*innenberichteter Merkmale: PROMs und PREMs
Authors: Rogge Alizé A. , Fischer Felix , Otto Lisa , Rose Matthias
Published: February 2022

Auskünfte von Patient*innen über die eigene Lebensqualität, Erfahrungen in der Versorgung sowie individuelle Einschätzungen zu Therapieverläufen und -ergebnissen gewinnen zunehmend an
Bedeutung. Patient*innenberichtete Merkmale können sich auf subjektive Informationen zur eigenen Gesundheit (Patient-reported Outcome Measures [PROMs]) oder auf objektive Informationen zur
Erfahrung während des Behandlungsprozesses (Patient-reported Experience Measures [PREMs]) beziehen. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede von PROMs
und PREMs. Anschließend werden Möglichkeiten zur Erfassung von PROMs und PREMs vorgestellt und hierbei ein Einblick in die probabilistische Testtheorie (Item-Response-Theory) sowie in das
computeradaptive Testen gegeben. Am Beispiel von nationalen und internationalen Initiativen wird die Umsetzung von PROMs und PREMs in Gesundheitssystemen dargestellt und zukünftige
Implementierungsstrategien innerhalb eines Ausblicks diskutiert.
Changes in Endocan and Dermatan Sulfate Are Associated with Biomechanical Properties of Abdominal Aortic Wall during Aneurysm Expansion and Rupture
Authors: Metschl Susanne , Bruder Lukas , Paloschi Valentina , Jakob Katharina , Reutersberg Benedikt , Reeps Christian , Maegdefessel Lars , Gee Michael , Eckstein Hans-Henning , Pelisek Jaroslav
Published: February 2022

Background and Aims The study aimed to assess the potential of proteoglycans (PGs) and collagens as serological biomarkers in the abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Furthermore, we investigated the underlying mechano-biological interactions and signaling pathways.

Methods Tissue and serum samples from patients with ruptured AAA (rAAA; n = 29), elective AAA (eAAA; n = 78), and healthy individuals (n = 8) were evaluated by histology, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and mechanical properties were assessed by tensile tests. Regulatory pathways were determined by membrane-based sandwich immunoassay.

Results In AAA samples, collagen type I and III (Col1 and Col3), chondroitin sulfate, and dermatan sulfate (DS) were significantly increased compared with controls (3.0-, 3.2-, 1.3-, and 53-fold; p < 0.01). Col1 and endocan were also elevated in the serum of AAA patients (3.6- and 6.0-fold; p < 0.01), while DS was significantly decreased (2.5-fold; p < 0.01). Histological scoring showed increased total PGs and focal accumulation in rAAA compared with eAAA. Tissue β-stiffness was higher in rAAA compared with eAAA (2.0-fold, p = 0.02). Serum Col1 correlated with maximum tensile force and failure tension (r = 0.448 and 0.333; p < 0.01, and r = 0.02), tissue endocan correlated with α-stiffness (r = 0.340; p < 0.01). Signaling pathways in AAA were associated with extracellular matrix synthesis and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. In particular, Src family kinases and platelet-derived growth factor- and epidermal growth factor-related proteins seem to be involved.

Conclusion Our findings reveal a structural association between collagen and PGs and their response to changes in mechanical loads in AAA. Particularly Col1 and endocan reflect the mechano-biological conditions of the aortic wall also in the patient's serum and might serve for AAA risk stratification.
A Review of Brucella endocarditis
Authors: Tammiraju Iragavarapu
Published: February 2022

Brucella endocarditis is one of the rare, life-threatening complications of a multisystemic zoonotic disease, brucellosis. Careful history taking, clinical examinations, and detailed laboratory tests with special culture media in endemic zones help in diagnosis of this latent disease. No consensus on the exact management of this disease has reached till now. Hence, both medical management and surgical interventions in selective cases were the treatment of choice. This article provides a review of the earlier literature on Brucella endocarditis.
Associação de sintomas ansiosos e depressivos em pacientes com capsulite adesiva
Authors: Fernandes Marcos Rassi , Borges Renner Santos , Ribeiro Caio José Faleiro , Sequeira Mateus Teodoro
Published: February 2022

Objetivo Avaliar a associação entre sintomas ansiosos e depressivos em pacientes com capsulite adesiva.

Métodos Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado em centro único de um hospital terciário com pacientes portadores de capsulite adesiva secundária. O grupo controle não apresentava doença do ombro, tireoidopatias e nem ansiedade e/ou depressão. O instrumento utilizado foi a escala hospitalar de ansiedade e depressão. A análise da covariância foi utilizada para comparação dos escores do Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS, na sigla em inglês) entre os grupos. O nível de significância foi de 5%.

Resultados A amostra final foi de 17 pacientes (caso) e 27 (controle). Os dados amostrais apresentaram distribuição normal por meio do teste de Shapiro-Wilk (p > 0,05). A instrumento HADS com pontuação > 0,70 (alfa de Cronbach) se mostrou confiável e com boa consistência interna. Os pacientes com capsulite adesiva, no quesito “sintomas ansiosos” (p = 0,019), relataram sintomas no patamar de “duvidosos” (média/desvio padrão = 8,88/4,50). Eles não apresentaram “sintomas depressivos” (média/desvio padrão = 6,41/3,69), apesar do p = 0,015.

Conclusão Existe uma associação positiva “duvidosa” entre sintomas ansiosos e capsulite adesiva, mas negativa para sintomas depressivos.
Numerical and experimental analysis of pressure fluctuation in axial flow turbine
Authors: Li Yanjun , Ohiemi Israel Enema , Singh Punit , Sunsheng Yang
Published: February 2022

The operational stability of axial flow turbines (AFT) directly affects its safety and performance. Hence, dynamic analysis of its internal flow characteristics is essential, since its unsteady pressure characteristics are complicated. A reliable measurement approach becomes essential in order to analyze and understand the pressure fluctuation within the turbine. Dynamic pressure pulsation measurements were conducted by installing pressure sensors on the flow domain of the AFT under different operating conditions. Based on computational and experimental measurements, different unsteadiness in the flow structures resulted in various excitation signals. The excited frequencies of the stationary parts occurred at 72.50Hz3×fn, 145.00Hz6×fn,and217.50Hz9×fn, while for the impeller, excited frequencies of 217.50 Hz (9 × fn), 435.00 Hz (18 × fn), and 652.50 Hz (27 × fn) were recorded. The rotor–stator interaction with fluid flow from the guide vane to the impeller is culpable for strong pressure pulsations. The experimental measurement shows a comprehensive agreement with numerical results. This paper focused on the analysis of pressure fluctuation in AFT combining experimental and computational methods. Moreover, an exhaustive understanding of flow characteristics of the AFT is necessary for its optimization and operational reliability.
Hybrid vibration control using magnetorheological dampers and elastomers for civil structural
Authors: Sheng Chao , Zhu Hao , Li Lin
Published: February 2022

A hybrid vibration control system using magnetorheological (MR) shock absorbers composed of MR dampers and MR elastomers is proposed for structural vibration. A Bouc–Wen model is developed to describe the hysteresis of the MR shock absorbers. The experimental results validate that the proposed Bouc–Wen model can represent the dynamic behavior of the MR shock absorbers. Based on the proposed model, a force tracking control of the MR shock absorbers is developed. Finally, the hybrid vibration control system for a seven-story building, including the force tracking control and a fuzzy PD control, is proposed. Numerical simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Direct numerical simulation of a stationary spherical particle in fluctuating inflows
Authors: Wang Yuqi , Zhu Zhengping , Hu Ruifeng , Shen Lian
Published: February 2022

Fully resolved direct numerical simulations are conducted to study the effects of fluctuating freestream flow on the drag force and wake characteristics of a stationary spherical particle. Sinusoidal fluctuation around a mean value is adopted as the freestream velocity. The interaction between the particle and fluctuating flow is computed by the direct-forcing immersed boundary method. We principally consider the relative difference between the computed mean drag and the drag law of a uniform flow past the particle and the properties of drag fluctuation in different freestream fluctuation directions. For the influence of streamwise fluctuating inflow, the relative mean drag difference increases with the particle Reynolds number. At small or intermediate particle scale ratios, the relative mean drag difference is very close to zero, indicating that the classical drag law can be used in these cases, while a large particle scale ratio can induce a notable increase in the relative mean drag difference at a large particle Reynolds number and high fluctuation intensity. For the transverse fluctuating inflow, generally, there is an evident increase in the mean drag coefficient when the particle scale ratio is small. Compared with the streamwise fluctuation case, the drag fluctuation intensity is a little smaller with the transverse fluctuating inflow. An explicit empirical drag fluctuation law is obtained by fitting the data for streamwise fluctuating inflow. The wake characteristics are also analyzed, and they are found to be strongly dependent on the direction of inflow fluctuation.
Elucidation of the excitation mechanism of Tb ions doped in AlxGa1−xN grown by OMVPE toward a wavelength-stable green emitter
Authors: Komai R. , Ichikawa S. , Hanzawa H. , Tatebayashi J. , Fujiwara Y.
Published: February 2022

The trivalent terbium ion (Tb3+) emits ultra-stable visible light consisting of blue, green, yellow, and red. Tb-doped semiconductors are candidates for novel full-color light sources in next-generation displays. Particularly, Tb-doped AlxGa1−xN (AlxGa1−xN:Tb) has attracted much attention for device applications. We present the luminescence properties of AlxGa1−xN:Tb grown by the organometallic vapor phase epitaxy. At 15 K, emission related to the 5D4–7FJ (J = 3, 4, 5, 6) transitions is observed for AlxGa1−xN:Tb with x ≥ 0.03. Thermal quenching of emission originating from the 5D4–7FJ transition is suppressed for higher Al compositions, and the luminescence is clearly observed at room temperature for AlxGa1−xN:Tb with x ≥ 0.06. The small thermal quenching is attributed to the enhanced excitation to the 5D4 level of Tb3+ ions via the 4f–5d transition and not due to the suppression of energy back-transfer paths in excited Tb3+ ions. Although additional emission originating from the 5D3–7FJ transitions is observed at 15 K for AlxGa1−xN:Tb with x ≥ 0.15, it is not observed at room temperature because the excitation to the 5D3 level via the 4f–5d transition is less efficient at high temperature. For Al0.15Ga0.85N:Tb, monochromatic green light is demonstrated using a SiO2/ZrO2 distributed Bragg reflector.
Cadmium and lead excess differently affect growth, photosynthetic activity and nutritional status of Trigonella foenum-graecum L.
Authors: Melki Fadwa , Talbi Zribi Ons , Jeder Sabrine , Louati Faten , Nouairi Issam , Mhadhbi Haythem , Zribi Kais
Published: February 2022

Context Heavy metal contamination of soils is a serious environmental problem worldwide. Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are considered among the most important types of pollutants. Aim To investigate the response of a local fenugreek cultivar against lead and cadmium. Methods Physiological changes were studied under different concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 μM) of PbCl2 and CdCl2. Key results Fenugreek growth decreased gradually with increasing Cd and Pb supply. This decrease was accompanied by a gradual decline in shoot and root length and photosynthetic parameters. However, Cd treatments showed pronounced effects in fenugreek seedlings as compared to Pb. The tolerance index was between 0.41 and 0.81, which suggests relative tolerance of this cultivar to Pb and Cd. This species was also able to maintain stable water status. Nevertheless, in presence of high Cd concentration (400 μM), this species showed substantial decrease in CO2 assimilation (86%), transpiration rate (87%), stomatal conductance (57%), chlorophyll content (35%) and carotenoid content (53%). Shoot proline content was increased significantly under 200 and 300 μM Cd, and slightly under 100 and 200 μM Pb. Furthermore, Cd and Pb induced a decrease in shoot magnesium and phosphorus content. Conversely, shoot iron content was increased. Data showed that fenugreek accumulated Cd, and translocated to the harvestable parts (up to 20 mg/kg DW under 400 μM). However, Pb was mostly accumulated in roots. Conclusions Our results revealed that the relative tolerance of fenugreek to Pb excess was coupled to a remarkable accumulation of this element in root, which favourite the phytostabilisation process. Implications FM, FL, SJ and OTZ execute the manipulation and the culture of plants. FM, OTZ, IN and KZ analyse and examine obtained results. FM, OTZ and KZ write and preparethe manuscript. IN, HM and KZ prepare the conception and the realisation ofthis work.
Introduction to Cognitive Pragmatics
Authors: Panther Klaus-Uwe
Published: February 2022

This textbook is designed for advanced (graduate and postgraduate) students, and will also be of interest to scholars. It blends a cognitive linguistic approach to language and language use with insights from contemporary pragmatics, the ultimate aim being to advance a unified model of cognitive pragmatics. Basic themes in cognitive linguistics and pragmatics are covered ranging from figurative language and thought, e.g. conceptual metaphor and metonymy, the role of inferencing in the construction of meaning, in particular, indirect speech acts, to the conceptual and functional motivation of morphosyntactic structure. Finally, the book offers many suggestions and ideas for student papers as well as larger research projects that promise to reveal new insights into conceptual structure, communicative function, and their influence on the grammatical structure of language.
Names in the Frisian linguistic landscape
Authors: Gorter Durk
Published: February 2022

In this contribution about the study of linguistic landscapes, the focus is on the use of names in a case-study of the province of Fryslân. Signage, in particular names, can be a visible marker of the multilingualism of a region or a city. Based upon the model “Multilingual Inequality in Public Spaces” (MIPS), an analysis is presented in five steps of policy processes, the production of signage, the meaning and characteristics of signs, as well as their perception and use by people. The conclusion is that in Fryslân the number of signs that include Frisian is so low that it is hardly noticeable. The linguistic landscape is obviously not a reflection of the sociolinguistic situation. Overall, the study shows that the analysis of the linguistic landscape can lead to new insights into the role of names in the environment.
“For Preservation of the Frisian Legacy”
Authors: Kleih Robert
Published: February 2022

The American-Frisian bulletin Frisian Roundtable was published between 1975 and 1986 in New York City. Above all, the magazine tried to raise a ‘Frisian awareness’ especially among the North Frisian emigrants in the US which finds its expression in the areas of culture, identity and origin. In my paper I describe what the intentions of the two North Frisian editors were with the Frisian Roundtable. Against this background, particular attention is given to the concept of (North)Frisian identity (in general and for the North Frisian emigrant community in the US), as developed in the magazine. The meaning of the languages used and their mode of usage for the fulfillment of the self-imposed tasks of the Frisian Roundtable are also examined.
Standardisierung im Nordfriesischen
Authors: Langer Nils
Published: February 2022

This article discusses the effect of standardisation on language ownership. Starting with examples from German, it reflects on how the verticalisation of linguistic varieties in the Early Modern period resulted in the separation of correct / incorrect linguistic variants, depending on whether they were included in or excluded from the newly emerged standard German. Thus, speakers who continued to use ‘incorrect’ features, lost ownership of their mother tongue and their language use was considered unsophisticated and bad. In a striking parallel, the same can be witnessed for Modern North Frisian, where grammatical features have become marked as alien or incorrect by self-appointed norm authorities. The current process of standardising North Frisian demonstrates the same verticalisation as German in the past and may result in the same separation of two types of native speakers: those who own the language and can adjudicate on correct language and those who simply speak it.
Hoekstra, Hoeksma, Hoeksema
Authors: Nübling Damaris
Published: February 2022

The German Surname Atlas captures Frisian surnames only marginally because of their regional occurrence, yet is able to identify nationwide phenomena. This article deals with West, East and North Frisian surnames in Germany and focuses on their specific forms and patterns. While East and North Frisian names are autochthonal, the West Frisian names are due to immigration. Hoekstra, with the typically West Frisian suffix -stra, is one of the most frequent surnames of this type in Germany. The article examines many cases of onymic morphology and shows that, over the centuries, a broad spectrum of anthroponymic suffixes has developed via re-analytical processes.
On the provenance of the Old Frisian law manuscripts
Authors: Popkema Anne Tjerk
Published: February 2022

This article presents an inventory of what we know about the provenance of the sixteen manuscripts with Old Frisian law. The established provenance of each manuscript is presented, along with any discrepancies, and new insights are offered into ownership history.
Dietrich Hofmann und die Anfänge der Nordfriesischen Wörterbuchstelle in Kiel
Authors: Riecken Claas
Published: February 2022

The North Frisian Dictionary Centre at the University of Kiel has been in existence since 1950. At first it was part of the Department of Scandinavian Studies, whose directors Hans Kuhn and Dietrich Hofmann were also in charge of it, Kuhn from 1950 to 1974 and Hofmann from 1974 to 1978. When Bo Sjölin became the first professor of Frisian Studies in Kiel, he was also responsible for the Dictionary Centre until his retirement in 1997. There then followed a two-year vacancy until Jarich Hoekstra became professor of Frisian Studies and head of the Centre in 1999. The author has long been working on the history of Frisian Studies and asked Dietrich Hofmann (1923–1998) to tell him about the beginning of the North Frisian Dictionary Centre. Hofmann did this in a letter, 14 pages long, in 1996. Now that this letter is about a quarter of a century old, parts of it are being published here for their historical interest.
Germinal center derived B cell memory without T cells
Authors: Zhang Yang , Toellner Kai-Michael
Published: February 2022

Liu et al. (2022. J. Exp. Med.https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20210527) in this issue show that T cell–independent germinal centers (GCs) can produce long-lived memory and plasma cell output. This may help explain how polysaccharide antigens provide long-term protection.
Multi-antenna GNSS tight combination attitude determination in the urban environment
Authors: Zhao Wenhao , Liu Genyou , Gao Ming , Hu Shengjun
Published: February 2022

It is a challenging task to determine dynamic vehicle attitude using a single-frequency single-epoch multi-antenna global navigation satellite system (GNSS). In the urban environment, the number of visible satellites drops sharply due to the occlusion of trees and tall buildings, hence it is difficult to obtain the high-precision attitude of vehicles using only a multi-antenna GNSS. The GNSS tight combination algorithm selects the same reference satellite between different systems, and can effectively increase the number of observation equations after eliminating the inter-system bias, to improve the attitude accuracy of vehicles in complex environments. Compared with the loose combination algorithm, which selects reference satellites separately between different systems, the tight combination algorithm can further improve the locatable performance when there are fewer satellites. Dynamic vehicle experiments were carried out in an open environment and a complex environment, respectively, using the GPS/BDS/GALILEO three-system single-frequency and single-epoch positioning mode. The results show that the tight combination algorithm and the loose combination algorithm have the same accuracy when there are enough visible satellites in the open environment. In a complex environment, with a cut-off elevation angle of 40°, the percentage of pitch angle error, yaw angle error and roll angle error within 2° increased by 6.1%, 8.07% and 13.43%, respectively, and the ambiguity fixed rate was increased by 14.78%.
Some specific wormhole solutions in f(R, T) gravity
Authors: Ilyas M , Athar A R
Published: February 2022

In this research, we considered a specific model in the framework of f(R, T) gravity to investigate the feasibility of wormhole geometries coupled with the relativistic configurations of matter, where T stands for the trace of the energy-momentum tensor. In order to evaluate this, we examine different energy conditions (ECs) by considering static space-time geometry which is spherically symmetric and by supposing a specific matter configuration and sequence of shape functions (β(r)). We analyzed wormhole models in the background of the equilibrium state by using an anisotropic fluid, and then presented our findings in a graphical format. The quantities of extra curvature generated by f(R, T) gravity could be understood as a gravitational entity that supports these astrophysical wormhole scenarios, which are non-standard. Our results suggest that, for certain zones in the parameters space, wormholes could arise in the presence of isotropic fluid and a conservative modification of GR as

f
(
R
,
T
)
=
R
+
α
γ

1
+

R

2

γ

2

−
q

−
1

+
λ
T

, without requiring exotic matter.
An indirect approach for quantum-mechanical eigenproblems: duality transforms
Authors: Chen Yu-Jie , Li Shi-Lin , Li Wen-Du , Dai Wu-Sheng
Published: February 2022

We suggest an indirect approach for solving eigenproblems in quantum mechanics. Unlike the usual method, this method is not a technique for solving differential equations. There exists a duality among potentials in quantum mechanics. The first example is the Newton–Hooke duality revealed by Newton in Principia. Potentials that are dual to each other form a duality family consisting of infinite numbers of family members. If one potential in a duality family is solved, the solutions of all other potentials in the family can be obtained by duality transforms. Instead of directly solving the eigenequation of a given potential, we turn to solve one of its dual potentials which is easier to solve. The solution of the given potential can then be obtained from the solution of this dual potential by a duality transform. The approach is as follows: first to construct the duality family of the given potential, then to find a dual potential which is easier to solve in the family and solve it, and finally to obtain the solution of the given potential by the duality transform. In this paper, as examples, we solve exact solutions for general polynomial potentials.
Modeling implanted metals in electrical stimulation applications
Authors: Mercadal Borja , Salvador Ricardo , Biagi Maria Chiara , Bartolomei Fabrice , Wendling Fabrice , Ruffini Giulio
Published: February 2022

Objective. Metal implants impact the dosimetry assessment in electrical stimulation techniques. Therefore, they need to be included in numerical models. While currents in the body are ionic, metals only allow electron transport. In fact, charge transfer between tissues and metals requires electric fields to drive electrochemical reactions at the interface. Thus, metal implants may act as insulators or as conductors depending on the scenario. The aim of this paper is to provide a theoretical argument that guides the choice of the correct representation of metal implants in electrical models while considering the electrochemical nature of the problem Approach. We built a simple model of a metal implant exposed to a homogeneous electric field of various magnitudes. The same geometry was solved using two different models: a purely electric one (with different conductivities for the implant), and an electrochemical one. As an example of application, we also modeled a transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) treatment in a realistic head model with a skull plate using a high and low conductivity value for the plate. Main results. Metal implants generally act as electric insulators when exposed to electric fields up to around 100 V m−1 and they only resemble a perfect conductor for fields in the order of 1000 V m−1 and above. The results are independent of the implant’s metal, but they depend on its geometry. tES modeling with implants incorrectly treated as conductors can lead to errors of 50% or more in the estimation of the induced fields Significance. Metal implants can be accurately represented by a simple electrical model of constant conductivity, but an incorrect model choice can lead to large errors in the dosimetry assessment. Our results can be used to guide the selection of the most appropriate model in each scenario.
An Assessment of Green Rural Road Criteria and Elements for My Green Rural Road Index: A Case Study in Pengerang, Johor
Authors: Mustafa N A , Munikanan V , Zakaria R , Aminudin E , Langie S , Adzar J A , Abd Rashid M H S , Shamsudin S M , Sooria S Z , Hassan M M
Published: February 2022

The rural road networks were built to connect the rural people to the town area or to other destination required by the local residents. Normally the rural roads will be developed to connect or increase the socio-economic opportunity in rural area. The green road is one of the key areas that can be look into to create the sustainable concept based on three key aspects namely social, environmental and economic factors. The main focus of the economy aspect is to increase the profits using more efficient resources, especially materials, improving the quality of life by meeting the national needs of social aspects and protecting the environment from the effects of CO2 emissions and efficient use of natural resources for environmental aspects. Therefore, it is important that stakeholders include sustainability criteria in their projects. The application of a sustainable concept on the road can be assessed by the green road evaluation tool. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to build tools to evaluate and declare green rural roads in Malaysia. The data for this study were gathered through group discussions with road construction experts and distributed questionnaires to identify sustainability factors. Then the data were analysed by factor analysis method using SPSS software. Based on the result, there are five main sustainable criteria: Sustainable Design and Construction, Social and Safety, Energy Efficiency, Environmental and Water Management and Materials and Technology that are included in the development of the green road qualification system. The analysis indicates that the social and safety become the prime criteria among other criteria.
Effectiveness of and Public Perception about the Installation of Transverse Rumble Strips with Road Studs
Authors: Hazim M F , Mashros N , Hassan S A , Hassan N A , Kurnia A Y
Published: February 2022

The installation of transverse rumble strips (TRS) is a common practice to reduce vehicle speed and alert drivers on the roadway. However, the combination of TRS with road studs to enhance traffic safety is still not widely used by local authorities. This paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of and the public perception about the installation of TRS with road studs. A field observation was carried out on the TRS road section with and without road studs for speed evaluation. A questionnaire survey was also conducted to assess the public perception towards the installation of this measure. The results indicate that the mean speed at the TRS road section with road studs was lower than the speed at the TRS road section without a road stud and its effectiveness was evaluated using a statistical test. Responses from the questionnaire survey showed that respondents agree that both TRS with and without road studs can reduce speed effectively. Respondents also believed that the installation of road studs might cause damage to the vehicle. This paper concludes that TRS installed with road studs effectively reduces speed which is consistent with the results of the public perception survey.
The Influence of Coal Fly Ash on the Mechanical Properties of Hot Mix Asphalt Mixture
Authors: Radwan A A M , Satar M K I M , Hassan N A , Rogo K U
Published: February 2022

Coal is one of the most important sources of energy, providing for over 40% of global electricity generation. Coal fly ash (CFA) is the by-product of thermal generation of energy in coal-fired power plant. CFA has been widely employed in the construction of concrete; however, there are only a few cases in which asphalt pavements have employed coal fly ash. This paper aims to determine the performances of CFA as filler in hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixture. This study used four CFA contents as filler by weight of aggregate in the dry method, namely CFA-0, CFA-2, CFA-4, and CFA-6. The mixtures were tested for stability, flow, stiffness, moisture damage, and Cantabro loss test. The findings indicated that the stability values of asphalt mixtures containing CFA were higher than conventional mixture. In addition, incorporating CFA also improved resistance towards moisture damage and durability. As a result, it can be inferred that CFA can be employed as filler substitute in HMA mixtures.
Soil Improvement using Limestone, Prefabricated Drained and Geotextile at Pejagan Pemalang Toll Road via Numerical Program
Authors: Abdurrohman S , Rinda K , Abdul R
Published: February 2022

Pejagan Pemalang Toll Road is the highway with toll that passes through Tegal city and Pemalang regency. This area has soft soil such as very soft clay, soft clay, etc. The soil improvement is needed to reach the suitable excess pore pressure which can make optimum moisture content to strengthen the soil. The soil improvement is using Limestone, Prefabricated Drain and Geotextile are methods available that can reach faster consolidation 90% and avoids collapse with safety factor as the guidance criteria. In this study, the numerical software of Plaxis 8.2 with soil parameters from SPT correlation was incorporated for a series of 2D model. The result of the cross section model without soil improvement shows collapse at embankment 5 m height and soil improvement without limestone is collapse at embankment 7 m height. T90 on the cross section at stage of Consolidation 5 and the long section at stage of Loads of 90.4 kPa. The settlement on cross section at Consolidation 5 stage with soil improvement is 103.5 × 10-2 m with excess pore pressure -9.52 kPa and safety factor 1.2522. The settlement on long section at Loads of 90.4 kPa stage is 907.36 × 10-3 m with excess pore pressure 16.84 kPa and safety factor 2.353. The safety factor on the cross section and the long section with soil improvement is more than 1.2 as criteria design.