bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introducing Journal of Materials and Environmental Sustainability Research and the Expanding Discipline of Sustainability Science
Authors:   Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability Research (CEESR), University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria, Inam Edu , Offiong Nnanake-Abasi ,   Department of Chemical Sciences, Topfaith University, Mkpatak, Nigeria
Published: March 2022

For over 50 years, the subject of sustainability has continually evolved and has been integrated into many disciplines of scientific inquiry. However, the practice of sustainability has been part of ancient histories of different tribes of the world under different forms (Kuhlman & Farrington, 2010). It has been difficult to provide a clear definition of the term “sustainability.” Many authors claimed that the term has been used to mean different things or grossly misinterpreted, wrongly applied, overexaggerated or used ambiguously (Costanza & Patten, 1995; Keiner, 2006; Kuhlman & Farrington, 2010; Salas-Zapata & Ortiz-Muñoz, 2019; Scoones, 2007; White, 2013). Although there is a common notion that the study of sustainability revolves around three factors which include social, economic and environmental goals or the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) (Purvis, 2019), the term connotes broader interdisciplinary application or interpretation (Schoolman et al. 2012). For this reason, sustainability can mean different things in different research disciplines. Nevertheless, analysis of words and phrases associated with sustainability reveals a possible scope of closest description of the term. For instance, White (2013) reports that words such as environment, economic, human, community, development, etc, are among top 25 words/phrases used in the definition of sustainability.
De zaak Wout Van Aert
Authors: Verborgh Niels , Demeulemeester Sven
Published: March 2022

De zaak Wout van Aert. Ontslag om dringende reden naar Belgisch arbeidsrecht

Sporters die prestaties leveren voor een sportploeg op grond van een arbeidsovereenkomst kunnen zich bedienen van de beschikbare arbeidsrechtelijke instrumenten om hun arbeidsovereenkomst te beëindigen. De zaak Van Aert illustreert waarom de Belgische arbeidsrechtelijke figuur van het ontslag om dringende reden niet zonder risico is voor de partij die zich hierop beroept. De arbeidsgerechten controleren immers a posteriori de gegrondheid van de ingeroepen dringende reden en kunnen de partij die zich onterecht beroept op een dringende reden alsnog de betaling van een belangrijke opzeggingsvergoeding opleggen.
De Belgische topsportfiscaliteit onder druk
Authors: Houben Robby
Published: March 2022

De Belgische topsportfiscaliteit onder druk. Een analyse van de ontwerpwetgeving in Europese context, met suggesties voor Europese alternatieven

In België staat de (para)fiscaliteit van het profvoetbal momenteel onder druk. De ontwerpwetgeving is evenwel voor verbetering vatbaar, mee in functie van de Europese en mondiale context van het profvoetbal. De echte oplossingen voor het profvoetbal focussen op beter bestuur, meer transparantie en beter toezicht. Dat vergt actie op EU-niveau.
Etilen Vinil Asetat (EVM) ve Etilen Propilen Dien (EPDM) Karışımlarına Eklenen Huntit/Hidromanyezit’in Etkilerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: ERBEK CÖMEZ Ezgi , ÖZTÜRK Selda
Published: March 2022

Kauçuk parçalar günümüzde birçok sektörde gerek fonksiyonel özellikleri gerekse üretim kolaylıklarından dolayı tercih edilen malzemelerdir. Geniş bir kullanım alanına sahip olan bu kauçuk parçaların özellikleri de birbirinden farklıdır. Her kauçuğun kendine ait bazı avantaj ve dezavantajları vardır. Bu yüzden değişik uygulama yollarına başvurulmaktadır. Bunlardan bir tanesi kauçuğun dezavantajlarını azaltmak veya tamamen ortadan kaldırmak için polimerin karıştırılması veya polimerlere katkı maddesi ilavesi yapılmasıdır. Bu çalışmada Etilen Propilen Dien (EPDM) kauçuğunun zayıf yönlerinden yanma eğilimini azaltmak ve test yağlarına olan dayanımını arttırmak için Etilen Vinil Asetat (EVM) kopolimeri ile EPDM kauçuğu belirli oranlarda karıştırılmıştır. Bu karışımlara alev dayanıklılığını arttırmak için farklı miktarlarda Huntit (Mg3Ca(CO3)4) ile Hidromanyezit (Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2.4H2O) birleşimi (HMCC) eklenmiştir. Oluşan karışımların reolojik ölçümleri yapılmış, viskozite, sertlik, kopma mukavemeti, uzama, % modülüs, yoğunluk, kül tayini, yatayda yanma testi, aromatik sıvılarda şişme testi ve FTIR analizleri yapılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmalarda EVM’nin EPDM ile karışması EPDM reçeteleri üzerinde viskoziteyi düşürücü etkisi olduğu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca karışım hamurlarının mekanik özelliklerinde kısmen iyileşme görülmüştür. Yatay düzlemde yapılan yanma testinde EVM’nin EPDM’e direkt katkısı gözlemlenmemiştir. Buna karşın reçete içeriğindeki HMCC miktarının artmasıyla yatay yanmaya karşı gösterilen direncin arttığı görülmüştür. Test sıvılarındaki şişme analizleri için IRM 901 ve IRM 903 yağları baz alınmıştır. Bu sıvılarda yapılan yaşlandırma sonrası şişme ölçümlerinde yağlara karşı dirençsiz olan EPDM kauçuğu üzerinde EVM’nin olumlu etkisi fark edilmiştir.
Perceptions of Social Studies Teacher Candidates on Historical Literacy Skills: The Case of Inonu University
Authors: TEKDAL Danyal
Published: March 2022

Historical literacy has generally been expressed as a historical thinking skill. In this framework, it is seen that he has some sub-skills. As sub-skills of historical literacy, knowing or understanding historical events, researching historical events, dealing with events within the framework of cause-effect relationship, considering events in order of occurrence, relating events in the context of past and present, detecting contradictions between what is told, establishing historical empathy, knowledge of the historical language of the period in which the event occurred and the society, the ability to make moral judgment while conveying the events, the ability to narrate the events, to use the information and communication technologies required by the period and to evaluate the events multi-dimensionally. The development of historical thinking skill as a society undoubtedly depends on the development of historical literacy level. In this context, it was aimed to determine the perceptions of prospective teachers on history literacy skills. In line with this purpose and in the study "supported by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Inonu University with the number SBA-2019-1860", the questionnaire prepared by the random sampling method, taking into account the pandemic conditions, was applied to 50 teacher candidates. Within the framework of the application, a questionnaire consisting of 3 items developed by the researcher was used. The data obtained in the study carried out with the descriptive survey model were evaluated with content and descriptive analysis techniques, and the findings were presented in tables. Looking at the findings of the study, it was revealed that social studies teacher candidates have remarkable perceptions about historical literacy skills.
Tales From the Dead: Women and Health in a Kurdish Women’s Prison
Authors: ROSE Lynn , KARADAGHI Goshan Mohammed
Published: March 2022

We conducted interviews with nine women incarcerated in the Sulaimani prison for women. We asked them about their past and present lives, and about their physical and mental health. Neither the prison itself nor the women’s lives bear any resemblance to the way in which prisons, especially Middle Eastern prisons, are portrayed in popular culture and in the media: the inmates had only praise for the prison food, housing, grounds, staff, and policies, they suffered deeply from their severance from kinship; many expressed their suffering somatically. The importance of one’s family role and family identity in Kurdish tradition cannot be overstated, and stripped this identity, the women live in a state of resigned limbo. Relationships between inmates were civil but shallow, and no interviewee revealed any sense of individualism or self-determination that would allow her to start over, remake herself, or build a new life.
Evaluation of Students' Views on Problems in the Graduate Education Process
Authors: YILDIZ Fatma , ALINCAK Fikret
Published: March 2022

Postgra duate education has become important in terms of scientific specialization and competence. Students; After their undergraduate education, they need postgraduate education both in academic life and in terms of developing themselves. In this respect, it is seen that students experience some problems in postgraduate education. This study was carried out in order to evaluate the opinions of the students regarding the problems experienced in the postgraduate education process. Open-ended questions developed by the researcher as a data collection tool were presented to the students. Using the interview method, which is one of the qualitative research methods, the data obtained from 20 students studying in different universities were analyzed with the content analysis method. As a result, the research group stated that they could not improve themselves adequately in the postgraduate education process and that they could not conduct research. In addition, students participating in the study; They stated that they could not communicate enough with the teachers who entered the course and that they had problems because they came from outside the province. In addition, it was concluded that students did not spend enough time on postgraduate education and that they had financial problems.
Opinions of Classroom Teachers on In-service Training
Authors: ACIKGOZ Bedriye , AKMAN Ozkan
Published: March 2022

Continuous developments and changes have demonstrated the need for us to develop in every sense. In this respect, it is through in-service training that teachers adapt to this change and improve themselves in many ways. This research aims to determine the opinions of classroom teachers about in-service education. The research was conducted in the spring semester of 2020-2021. The research is qualitative and designed with a case study. Easy-to-access case sampling was used under pure sampling methods when selecting a study group. The interview technique was used as a data collection method. For this purpose, semi-structured interviews were conducted with classroom teachers (1 male, 4 female) working in various provinces and districts of Turkey. Interview questions were asked as five open-ended questions and five sub-questions. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the interviews were made by phone, and audio recordings were obtained with permission. Content and descriptive analyses were performed on the data obtained during the interview. According to the data obtained from the interviews, themes were created, themes were strategized and the opinions of the teachers were explained by quoting directly. Interviews were supported by photos. In the light of the findings of this study, it was concluded that in-service training should be based on practice, that the practitioner should be equipped, that there should be different types of training, and that there should be in-service training not only professionally, but also to improve communication. According to the results obtained, separate training should be given for the instructors to be better equipped, application-based training should be increased, and the subjects of the training should be diversified.
Activity Planning in Social Studies and Fake News Activity Examples
Authors: EGUZ Sule
Published: March 2022

To achieve the goals determined in social studies teaching, some principles should be followed in the planning and implementation of educational situations. Along with arranging the educational environment and content, the teacher should know the social studies teaching principles and perform the activities in accordance with these principles. Activities planned in this direction not only enrich the teaching environment, but also help the student to socialize, gain the habit of working in line with his interests and needs, and develop his personality. In addition, it facilitates learning by making students an active member of the learning environment by planning activities by taking into account the social studies teaching principles, offering options suitable for students' individual differences and giving instructions, helping students make their own decisions, and creating an active learning environment in the classroom. The emergence of the Internet and social media has significantly changed media coverage and perception and understanding current concerns about fake news has required considering the new social dynamics brought by new media technologies. While media technologies have great promise for learning, young people need support and training to learn to make the right decisions as they navigate the digital world. In this sense, it is thought that the suggested activities will be guiding for students.
Opinions of Social Studies Teachers on Turkish Education System: Current Problems and Suggested Solutions
Authors: AKMAN Ozkan , SAGLAM Merve
Published: March 2022

The value given to social sciences in developed societies is increasing day by day. It is a discipline that deals with the individual, social life and events from different perspectives with a scientific approach; It is important for a better understanding of the individual and social events. This work; This study was carried out in order to examine the problems faced by social studies teachers in the social studies lesson and other factors related to the social studies lesson in line with the views of the social studies teachers. In the research, it was aimed to reveal the existing or past problems as they are, therefore, a widely used qualitative design based on consultation was used. This research was conducted with 50 social studies teachers in primary schools in Mardin province, district and village affiliated to the Ministry of National Education. In the research, the data were collected with the semi-structured interview form technique, which is one of the qualitative research methods. The data obtained in this study were analyzed descriptively according to the previously classified guidelines. When the results of this study are examined, it can be seen how the school situation affects the readiness of the student, the high internal motivation of the student, how the child's genetic and mental codes direct the child, the fact that the financial conditions are directly proportional to the education, what kind of environment he grows up in, the textbook is not sufficient for the exam. Whether there is an additional source or not, the direct reflection of friendship relations or the level of class success on the student, the burden of more responsibility than the student can bear, Results have been obtained such that its existing capacity should be supported socially and economically rather than being very intelligent.
Investigation of Relative Opinions of Teacher Candidates in Pedagogical Formation Education
Authors: DEMIR Hasan , ALINCAK Fikret
Published: March 2022

Public institutions staff recruitment exam center in Turkey for the first time in 1999 Typewriting State Examination (DMS) has been tested with an exam. The name of this exam was later changed to the Public Personnel Selection Examination (KPSS). This examination was used as a criterion in the teacher appointments of the Ministry of National Education as in other public institutions. In 2013, it was decided that KPSS exam should not be sufficient in the purchase of teachers and it was decided that the students should take the exam in some branches of Teaching Area Knowledge (ÖABS) tests. This study was carried out in order to determine the opinions of physical education teacher candidates who received pedagogical formation training about meni KPSS eğitim exam. The open-ended questions developed by the researcher as a data collection tool were presented to the candidates of physical education teachers who received pedagogical formation training. Using the interview method which is one of the qualitative research methods, the data obtained from physical education teacher candidates who received 50 pedagogical formation education from different universities were analyzed by content analysis method. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the majority of physical education teacher candidates who received pedagogical formation education did not have enough created by “KPSS” exam for teacher assignment and selection; It has been reached.
Social Studies Teacher Candidates' Use of Technology and Digital Citizenship Practices
Authors: EGUZ Sule
Published: March 2022

Today, with the rapid spread of the internet, people have become more interested in digital media. For this reason, the concept of citizenship has taken its place in the technology environment and has started to gain different meanings. The aim of this study is to determine the level of technology use of social studies teacher candidates, their perception of digital citizenship elements focusing on online behavior, and their practices in this regard. The participants of the study consisted of 84 social studies teacher candidates at the level of four grades studying in Malatya Inonu University. The data of the research were applied to the participants who voluntarily participated online in December 2020 through the Google form created as closed and open-ended. The data of the study were applied to the participants who voluntarily participated online in December 2020 through the Google form created with closed and open-ended questions. In this context, first of all, the participants were asked to answer various demographic information such as gender, grade level. Then questions about technology usage habits; device usage, internet access, activities they do at home were evaluated. Then, after determining the perceptions of digital commerce, digital access, digital ethics, digital law, digital health, digital security, digital communication, digital literacy, digital rights and responsibility concepts, which are sub-dimensions of the concept of digital citizenship, the life practices of the participants on this subject were revealed.
Researching on Baby Diaper Performance with 3D Absorbent Layer
Authors: GENCTURK Umit , OZGEC Mustafa , KALEOGLU Aydın
Published: March 2022

Disposable diaper manufacturers have focused on absorbent zone layers as a way to ensure consumers achieve optimum comfort and minimize the environmental impact of products. The producers who want to achieve the desired performance values in the absorbent core layers have been investigated the amounts / mixing ratios of raw materials such as superabsorbent polymer (SAP) and wood pulp (pulp) or their distribution on the absorbent layer. When the absorbent core layers consisting of homogeneous SAP / pulp mixtures are examined in the current diapers, it is seen that the urine is concentrated in the middle section and this amount decreases towards the front and back parts of the diaper. It can be said that the SAP / pulp mixtures, which are sectionally evenly distributed in the absorbent zone layer, are used less in the front and rear sections, that is, the absorbent layer has a 3D structure. It can be said that the SAP/pulp mixtures, which are distributed sectionally on the absorbent layer, are absorbed more intensely in the middle region, so the amount in the front and back parts has less effect on the performance of the diaper. When the diaper machines currently in our company were examined, it was seen that it has not be possible to produce diapers with a 3D absorbent zone layer. In this study the effect of transferring some of the SAP/pulp mixtures homogeneously distributed in the absorbent layer from the back sections to the center of the core section on the diaper performance was investigated with the 3D mold system designed in our company. As result of the tested diapers, it was observed that the performance of the product increased or remained constant by moving the SAP / pulp mixes moved behind the absorbent layer to the center of the core layer. At the same time, it can be said that it is a cost-reducing work since raw materials that are not used in the front and back sections are saved.
Lignocellulosic Ezymes of Basidial Fungi-Isolated from Different Ecological Niches of Georgia
Authors: TSIKLAURI Nino , JOBAVA Maya , KHVEDELIDZE Rusudan , KUTATELADZE Lali , KHOKHRASHVILI Izolda , KHARATISHVILI Besik
Published: March 2022

Great interest in basidiomycetes for targeted technological treatment of agro-industrial plant substrates are conditioned by their ability to produce lignocellulosic enzymes. Consisting of 29 soil-climatic zones, Georgia (South Caucasus area) represents a unique place for the isolation of microorganisms. In order to study the biochemistry and physiology of wood-degrading basidiomycetes, samples of wood-degrading basidiomycetes were collected from different taxonomic niches of Georgia. 45 strains were obtained as pure cultures and 32 ones – identified. Producers of lignocellulosic enzymes were revealed among test fungi under solid-state and submerged cultivation conditions. Pleurous ostreatus GV10, Pleurotus drynus IN 11 and Fomes fomentarius GK33 were found to be the best producers of cellulosic enzymes using orange and mandarin peels, wheat and Potato straw, wheat bran as substrates, and Ganoderma lucidum GB03 – the best producer of laccase during cultivation on orange and mandarin peels waste. The influence of lignocellulose on the accumulation of the enzymes laccase, xylanase and Filter paper assay was studied.
Synthesis of Novel Aba-Type Amphiphilic Copolymers Including 2-Hydroxypropyl Propionate and N-Isobutoxymethyl Β-Alanine by Peg-Dialkoxide Initiated Hydrogen-Transfer Polymerization
Authors: CATIKER Efkan , OZTURK Temel , SAVAS Bedrettin , ATAKAY Mehmet , SALIH Bekir
Published: March 2022

Novel ABA-type amphiphilic copolymers were prepared using end-groups activated poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) as an initiator of hydrogen-transfer polymerization (HTP). For this purpose, PEG with 1450 Da (PEG-1450) was treated with the equivalent amount of sodium hydride to synthesize PEG with dialkoxide end-groups, namely PEG-dialkoxide. Using the PEG-dialkoxide as a macroinitiator, base-catalysed HTP of 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate (HPA), and N-isobutoxymethyl acrylamide (BMA) were performed to achieve the novel ABA-type block copolymers. The copolymers were obtained with relatively high yields. Characterization of the ABA-type amphiphilic copolymers was carried out using FTIR and MALDI mass spectrometry. FTIR spectra of the copolymers exhibited some characteristic bands assigning to the functional groups arising from the mechanism of HTP. Molar mass distributions of the copolymers from the MALDI mass study pointed out that chain extensions by mass in each copolymer were almost equal. Hence, the MALDI mass spectra of the copolymers revealed that chain extensions of PEGs by HPA, and BMA units were successfully fulfilled.
Cryogenic Process Optimization for Medium Carbon Spring Steels
Authors: OZDEN Resat Can , LOKCU Ersu , ANIK Mustafa
Published: March 2022

Spring steels are extensively used in load bearing elements of road and railway vehicles. The basic microstructure of these parts, which are subjected to high cycle fatigue, is tempered martensite. The improvement of the mechanical properties of these steels can only be achieved by modifying the material microstructure. In the microstructure of steel parts produced in different diameters, the formation of retained austenite and residual stresses is inevitable. For spring steels operating under heavy load, it is very important to remove the residual austenite form. Although the cryogenic treatment process is applied as a standard process for high alloyed and high carbon steels, it is not optimized for low alloy and medium carbon steels. In this study, different types of cryogenic treatment (Deep Cryogenic Treatment (DCT) / Shallow Cryogenic Treatment (SCT)) and tempering applications were carried out on spring steels with different alloying levels. With the outputs obtained from these experiments, optimization of cryogenic process parameters for medium carbon spring steels is aimed.
Synthesis of rGO/g-C3N4 Composite Cathodes for Li – Ion – Oxygen Battery
Authors: LOKCU Ersu , KACAR Nilay , OZDEN R. Can , ANIK Mustafa
Published: March 2022

The low-cost electro-catalysts are very crucial for the lithium-ion oxygen battery electrodes. In this work porous reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was synthesized by the chemical methods and mixed with melamine to obtain rGO/graphitic-C3N4 (g-C3N4) composite which compose of 50% rGO and 50% g-C3N4. SEM, XRD and FTIR characterizations showed that the synthesized composite structure reflected most of the features of the rGO structure. The synthesized rGO/g-C3N4 composite was prepared as the cathode for the Li-ion-oxygen battery and its discharge/charge performance was determined. The composite cathode demonstrated a distinctive performance since g-C3N4 catalyzed both the oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions during the discharging and charging. This work showed that rGO/g-C3N4 composite electrode was quite promising as the cost-effective cathode for the Li-ion-oxygen batteries.
Knowledge Acquisition Base Learning: An Interactive Learning Approach
Authors: MALKAWI Mohammad
Published: March 2022

The Corona Covid-19 Pandemic revealed a deep deficiency in the current e-learning system. Many of the current e-Learning schemas have pursued their goals in conventional ways, albeit transferring the lecture hall to an online medium presentation. In essence, there had been little innovation above traditional classroom lecturing. In this paper, we propose a novel approach aimed at optimizing the learning outcomes of learning per student. Namely, we propose Iterative and Interactive e-Learning Platform, where the main focus is shifted towards the learner, i.e., the student. The role of the instructor is directed more towards the construction and presentation of interactive education material in a manner to enable the learner to acquire the minimum required knowledge and to achieve the intended outcomes in the most effective manner. Therefore, the proposed model is a knowledge-acquisition based learning management system (KA-LMS). Unlike the traditional ways of classroom or online lecturing, a student using KA-LMS is expected to achieve a quality of learning, never before achieved via standard offline or online pedagogical methodologies. The Iterative and Interactive KA-LMS is sought to enable various academic institutions to achieve quality standards in both online and on premise setup, thus avoiding the calamities of pandemics, such as the one imposed by the Corona Covid-19. The proposed KA-LMS will enable graduates to achieve the required skills and knowledge, which allow them to compete in a more vigorous and competitive marketplace at the local and global levels. The proposed KA-LMS has the inherent capability to monitor and control the progress of the learner entity based on the quantity and quality of the knowledge acquired by the learner. The proposed model will be tested in school and college environments, with real education subjects.
600W DC-DC Converter Design Using Flyback, Half Bridge, Full Bridge LLC Topologies and Comparison of Simulation Results
Authors: EKICI Omer Emre , NAJAFI Atabak , DIRISAGLIK Faruk
Published: March 2022

This paper presents design and simulation of typical DC-DC converter topologies such as Flyback, half bridge, full bridge LLC, using the PLECS simulation tool. Requirements are chosen to be 600 W power rating and 250 kHz switching frequency with high efficiency and reduced built size. MOSFET is used as the switching element. According to the simulation results, optimum design with the lowest fluctuations in output voltage and current are achieved using the full bridge LLC converter topology. Thanks to the resonant coil and resonant capacitor in its structure, reduced switching losses have been observed in this converter design, which provides soft switching and high switching frequency.
The New Designed Mechanical Systems and Protypes for Z-Scan and Nonlinear Measurements
Authors: ARTKIN Ferit
Published: March 2022

In this study is explained a new mechanical design for z-scanning and nonlinear measurements. Three systems are designed for measurements. The last system has better constructions and design parameters than the other systems designed in 2005 and 2014. The last system has been manufactured from various shafts, roller bearings, mechanical holders, mechanical rails and carrier integrated in these systems and stainless steel mechanical double joint coupling for reducing the workload of the main system and the aluminium alloys used in the system are 6063 and 7075. The z-scan measurement technique is often used for measuring the strength of the magnitude of the nonlinear index n2 of an optical material. Essentially, a sample of the material under investigation is moved through the focus of a laser beam, and the beam radius (or the on-axis intensity) is measured at some point behind the focus as a function of the sample position. These quantities are affected by the self-focusing effect. Various materials in nonlinear optics (liquids, organic structures, semiconductors, thin films…) the nonlinear optical properties used for definning one of the methods the z-scanning techniques for new designed mechanical system is described. The obtained parameters within the measurement will be more accurate and reliable with new designed mechanical system. The system brought into the active mode upon the completion of its design is closed-loop mechanical checking system. It is a control mechanism capable of moving according to the desired display values. Being very important in the industrial and vocational applications, the number of cycles, the speed, direction control of the engine can be done in this system the design of which has been completed. The present academic study in intended to introduce the design and control mechanism of the system and its place in the vocational and technical applications.
Treatment of Egg Shells with Hydrogen Peroxide and Sodium Carbonate as a Disinfectant with Bactericidal Effect to Eliminate Salmonella Entereditis
Authors: RRAHIMI HASANI Nora
Published: March 2022

The objective of this study was to discover the effects of applying two antimicrobial drugs (sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide) on chicken eggshell on a poultry farm in Kosovo. Salmonella infections in egg contents may be related to external contamination of the eggshell. The first study was performed by applying sodium carbonate to the eggshell at different concentrations and pH of 10, 11 and 12 versus some Salmonella concentrations found in the analyzed eggs. A high amount of total bacteria was observed in all samples, but after the application of disinfectants we saw a decrease of these bacteria. The second study was performed to determine which concentration of H2O2 would give the maximum reduction of bacteria. In work 2, treatments were performed on 1) dry sample, 2) 0.5% H2O2, 3) 1% H2O2, 4) 1.5% H2O2, 5) 2% H2O2, 6) 2.5% H2O2 and 7) 3% H2O2.For shell tests, inactivation of Salmonella Enteritidis occurred at lower concentrations at pH 12 than at pH 11 and pH 10. The time of contact between the chemicals and Salmonella apparently results in accelerated bacterial inactivation.
Assessment of Benthic Free-Living Nematode Assemblages Diversity in Kune – Vain Wetland (Adriatic Coast, Albania)
Authors: MIRI Fundime , QIRJO Mihallaq , KARABOJA Andi
Published: March 2022

This work presents preliminary data on benthic free-living nematode assemblages from Kune-Vain Wetland Complex, situated in the northern part of the Adriatic coast in Albania. The study was carried out during a joint ecological approach, to collect chemical-physical and biological data of the wetland and evaluate the hydrological intervention in improving the environmental situation and increase resilience to climate change. The sampling was conducted bimonthly from July 2018 – July 2019, in three main water body component of Kune-Vain wetland, Ceka, Zaje and Merxhani. Nematode assemblages were analyzed in term of composition and structure, determining taxonomic composition up to genus level and biological traits. Nematodes were the dominant component of meiobenthos in all three water bodies, comprising 98-100%. Their taxonomic composition reflected the chemical features of transitional habitat dominated by brackish genera. Genera composition revealed different diversity patterns among water bodies. The most dominant genera were Sabatieria and Terschellingia, both deposit feeders and characteristic of bad ecological quality status.
Pandillas, violencia y dinámicas socioculturales en la Costa Rica urbana
Authors: Rodríguez Aguilar Onésimo Gerardo , Solano Acuña Ana Sofía
Published: March 2022

El presente artículo expone parte de los resultados del estudio “Niñez y juventud en violencia armada organizada. Bajo el límpido azul de tu cielo: Dsentraando los confl ictos de los jóvenes pandilleros en Costa Rica”, llevado cabo durante los meses de noviembre y diciembre de 2006 en las omunidades de La Carpio, en la Uruca, y Lomas del Río, en Pavas, en la provincia de San José. Dicho proceso fue facilitado por FESPAD a través de Defensa de Niñas y Niños Internacional (DNI).Así, se exponen como tópicos generales acercamientos de orden teórico l problema de la violencia juvenil y la respuesta cultural de las pandillas; seguidamente se hace una aproximación a la problemática de la juventud (y de las sociedades en general) en el ámbito centroamericano con la fi nalidad de contextualizar el problema de estudio. Finalmente, se concluye con un resumen de las características culturales y sociales de las pandillas
María Luisa Tarrés, Laura B. Montes de Oca y Diana A. Silva Maldonado. Arenas de conflicto y experiencias colectivas. Horizontes utópicos y dominación. México: El Colegio de México, 2014.
Authors: Guerra Edgar
Published: March 2022

Es bien sabido que las luchas sociales y las pugnas políticas toman lugar en espacios y tiempos concre­tos a través de formas diversas. Y además, se sabe que lo hacen echando mano de un amplio aba­nico de formas y personajes del conglomerado social. En efecto, ya sea por medio de rebeliones y revoluciones o mediante protestas espontáneas y movimientos sociales, los actores colectivos son quienes conducen las gestas de liberación o expresan las demandas de reivindicación; de esta manera ocurre una pequeña parte del cambio y la transformación social. Otra parte transcurre en el día a día de la vida cotidiana; sin embargo, son estos pequeños momentos de protesta y movi­lización los que, sin duda, han excitado la ima­ginación de los investigadores y han generado cientos de escritos sobre el tema. De ahí que el estudio de la acción colectiva, de los conflictos en los que se inserta y de los espacios de protesta que genera haya ocupado ya más de un capítulo en la historia de la ciencia social.
Las gratificaciones por cabelleras. Una táctica del gobierno del estado de Sonora en el combate de los apaches 1830-1880
Authors: Almada Bay Ignacio , De León Figueroa Norma
Published: March 2022

La práctica precolombina de escalpar a los enemigos vencidos se acompa­ñaba de significados vinculados con el poder y la guerra. La llegada de los europeos alteró y propagó esta costumbre. El conflicto durante el siglo xix­ por los recursos de la región entre los pobladores de la entidad mexicana de Sonora con los apaches, incluyó medidas como gratificar por las cabelleras de apaches con el fin de exterminarlos. Esta táctica del gobierno local, pro­movida entre 1835 y 1886, resultó contraproducente al hacer las incursio­nes apaches más violentas para vengar el agravio. El establecimiento de los ejércitos de México y Estados Unidos para pacificar este espacio fronterizo y convertirlo en polo de crecimiento, como parte del proceso de configura­ción de los Estados nacionales, puso fin a esta cruel práctica.
Los jóvenes, la comunicación afectiva y las tecnologías: entre la ritualización de la expresión y la regulación emocional
Authors: Rodríguez Morales Zeyda , Rodríguez Salazar Tania
Published: March 2022

En este artículo se abordan las prácticas comunicativas entre los jóvenes al interior de sus relaciones afectivas por medio de tecnologías móviles como los celulares y sus aplicaciones. En particular, interesa ahondar en sus preferencias de comunicación ante situaciones dadas y en el uso del lenguaje escrito acompañado de la incorporación de íconos (símbolos de teclado, emoticones, stickers) con el objetivo de expresar emociones de diversos tipos y grados de intensidad. Los hallazgos que aquí se reportan provienen de una investigación cualitativa más amplia acerca de cómo los jóvenes experimentan sus relaciones afectivas en sus comunicaciones mediadas tecnológicamente. Los resultados muestran que manifiestan interés por la mensajería instantánea para una expresión ritualizada de afectos que se vuelve un componente importante en sus relaciones. Asimismo, indican que pueden jugar estratégicamente con distintas posibilidades. Los jóvenes asignan sus preferencias de comunicación, por voz, texto, o video, según la situación en la que se encuentren con sus interlocutores y el estado emocional que quieren expresar o regular. También se observa que la comunicación escrita se acompaña de íconos que son usados para imprimir un tono emocional a los mensajes de texto que se usan estratégicamente para participar en situaciones comunicativas sin el compromiso y la exigencia de la voz. En general, los jóvenes manifiestan enorme destreza en la comunicación emocional al utilizar estos recursos de forma compleja y diversa, desplegando un amplio repertorio de formas de expresión que les permiten comunicarse eficientemente con los demás, y consolidando un ámbito de interacción afectiva paralelo al de la interacción cara a cara.
Neoliberalismo, instituciones de salud pública en México y respuesta al VIH en Puebla
Authors: Celis Bandala Adriana
Published: March 2022

El sistema económico neoliberal ha obligado a los países en desarrollo a implementar reformas estructurales que condicionan el ejercicio de una de las principales obligaciones del Estado, la procuración del bienestar social a la población. La seguridad en el ámbito educativo, de salud, de vivienda, de trabajo, entre otros, se han visto afectados por estas reformas. El derecho a la salud, en este contexto, está condicionado más por factores asociados con intereses de sistemas financieros internacionales que por una perspectiva de derechos humanos. La respuesta que el Sistema de Salud en México brinda a las personas que viven con vihresulta insuficiente debido a las fallas en los programas de atención y prevención que generalmente operan con menos recursos de los que requieren.
Rebeldes con causa: nuevos arquitectos para reconectar con la sociedad
Authors: Prieto González José Manuel , Torrego Gómez Daniel
Published: March 2022

En el presente artículo se pretende arrojar algo de luz hacia nuevos enfoques que, en el marco de reinvención y reestructuración que está asumiendo la disciplina arquitectónica, pueden resultar especialmente útiles a la hora de afrontar los grandes problemas urbanos que, de manera generalizada, afectan a las ciudades de América Latina en materia de inclusión social. Planteamos la posibilidad de configurar un cuerpo público de arquitectos que, disidiendo de la figura obsoleta del “arquitecto estrella”, busque reconectar con la sociedad y se encargue de atender a los más necesitados y afectados por condiciones espaciales y materiales desfavorables. Creemos que es necesario proponer metodologías de acción desde el diseño, y así configurar una nueva “caja de herramientas” para el arquitecto activista, proactivo y sensibilizado con las marginalidades que el actual modelo urbano genera. Operar sobre el ecosistema social requiere, en primer lugar, cuestionar la formación y capacidades del arquitecto contemporáneo. La ciudad, en esencia heterogénea, múltiple, diversa, global, presenta retos para una profesión que ahora más que nunca debe ser capaz de incorporar una mayor transversalidad.
Debate teórico–metodológico para la investigación en el diseño gráfico
Authors: Morales Holguín Arodi , Cabrera Becerra Virginia
Published: March 2022

El artículo aborda las limitaciones de algunos referentes de la concepción del diseño gráfico (como orden y linealidad de etapas), elaborados con base en la postura epistémica de la disyunción y la simplicidad; se exploran las posibilidades abiertas para el conocimiento y para el ejercicio del diseño gráfico por la perspectiva del pensamiento complejo que rebasa e integra, al mismo tiempo, las aportaciones de la postura simplista y lineal. Un breve recorrido histórico tanto del ejercicio del diseño como de las miradas epistémicas, colocadas en tensión y complementariedad, son peldaños necesarios para alcanzar el objetivo de delinear las posibilidades abiertas por la entrada en escena del desorden e incertidumbre, conceptos clave del pensamiento complejo, como elementos que permiten comprender las actuales e incipientes expresiones del diseño en general, y por supuesto del diseño gráfico, en su interacción con la sociedad.
El movimiento estudiantil de la Escuela Normal Rural de Atequiza. Un análisis de sus prácticas sociales y políticas (1988-2015)
Authors: Rojas Galván José
Published: March 2022

En este artículo se analizan los factores sociopolíticos que han propiciado que el movimiento estudiantil de la Escuela Normal Rural de Atequiza sea protagonista en la estructura del sistema educativo mexicano durante el periodo de 1988-2015. El sustento teórico de esta investigación parte de la propuesta de Alain Touraine de entender los movimientos sociales como movimientos históricos, como formas de organización social que disputan a un adversario el dominio del modelo de desarrollo o de reforma institucional, es decir, lo que Touraine ha denominado como campos de la historicidad. Los resultados de la investigación reflejan que las prácticas sociales y políticas generadas por el movimiento de normalistas de Atequiza le han permitido hacer frente a la represión que desde el poder se ha organizado y ejecutado en su contra. Es decir, se demuestra cómo sus integrantes han ejercitado la reflexión y la acción para hacer valer y defender sus conquistas sociales y políticas. Asimismo, se explica cómo dicho ejercicio ha favorecido la generación de una conciencia histórica que es fortalecida en el día a día con la intención de aspirar a construir un mejor futuro. Para la elaboración de este documento fue necesario recurrir al análisis documental y a la observación participante en reuniones y marchas que los estudiantes normalistas realizaron en la ciudad de Guadalajara, México en el año 2015.
Entre la liturgia y el contra-performance. La disputa por el zócalo de la ciudad de México durante la movilización magisterial de 2013
Authors: Arzuaga Magnoni Javier , Arteaga Botello Nelson
Published: March 2022

Se analiza el movimiento de resistencia que se articuló en torno a la reforma educativa impulsada por el gobierno de Enrique Peña Nieto en 2013. El sindicato independiente de maestros estableció un campamento en el zócalo de la ciudad de México para demandar que el presidente detuviera una reforma que consideraban atentaba contra sus derechos laborales. Se examina cómo la toma del zócalo tuvo relevancia por tratarse del centro político nacional y de un espacio estratégico en términos simbólicos para plantear demandas políticas y sociales. La lucha contra la reforma educativa adquirió el carácter de una pugna por ese centro simbólico que terminó con el desalojo violento de los sindicalistas y con la ocupación inmediata por militantes del pri cuando la fecha de la celebración de la independencia se acercaba. Se analiza cómo el conflicto fue decodificado por los medios de comunicación y la definición que ellos hicieron de un campo de batalla simbólico en torno al conflicto así como la importancia que adquirió en términos tanto del estatus del grito de la Independencia como performance litúrgico como para el proyecto político de restauración autoritaria por parte del gobierno.
La Mujer Católica Jalisciense: contextos y fronteras simbólicas
Authors: Ruano Ruano Leticia
Published: March 2022

Este artículo expone información del periódico de la Asociación de Damas Católicas de Guadalajara La Mujer Católica Jalisciense, el enfoque es la interpretación de fronteras simbólicas tejidas con base en contenidos diversos que nos aproximan a tipologías de los católicos relacionados con el catolicismo social de la ciudad durante los albores del siglo pasado. Las figuraciones de dos primeras fronteras simbólicas descritas en este trabajo están engranadas con experiencias o clasificaciones de acciones y posiciones católicas: tradicional y social; piadosas, caritativas, sociales y políticas. La tercera frontera simbólica refiere cuestiones sobre el modelo de mujer católica. Este entretejido muestra la convergencia de la diversidad de atributos de los católicos.
Significados, usos y funciones de la música clásica en Guadalajara, 1947-1960. Un análisis a partir de la historia social de la música
Authors: Moreno Gaona David
Published: March 2022

Durante el régimen de Jesús González Gallo (1947-1953), ocurrieron una serie de cambios en todos los niveles sociales; la élite política estrechó alianzas con la jerarquía eclesiástica y con la burguesía compuesta por comerciantes e industriales, para evitar conflictos al momento de implementar el nuevo modelo económico-político conocido como “desarrollismo”. Dentro de este contexto de redistribución de poderes y de reformas que trastocaron todos los ámbitos sociales –fomento industrial, modificación urbana, crecimiento demográfico, etc.–,    la música clásica adquirió nuevos significados para los grupos de poder, ocupando un lugar predominante dentro de las políticas culturales. La reactivación de la Orquesta Sinfónica de Guadalajara, que venía enfrentándose a condiciones económicas adversas por lo menos desde el sexenio anterior, constituyó un punto de encuentro para la nueva élite.Meanings, uses and functions of classical music in Guadalajara, 1947-1960: An analysis based on the social history of musicAbstractDuring the regime of Jesús González Gallo (1947-1953), occurred a number of changes in all social levels; the political elite created alliances with the church hierarchy and the bourgeoisie made up of merchants and industrialists, to avoid conflicts when implementing the new economic-political model known as “desarrollismo”. Within this context of redistribution of powers and reforms that altered all social ambits –industrial development, urban renewal, population growth, etc.–, classical music acquired new meanings for power groups, occupying a prominent place in cultural policies. The revival of the Guadalajara Symphony Orchestra, which had been facing adverse economic conditions at least since the previous six years, was a meeting point for the new elite.Keywords: classical music, meanings of music, music and politics, musical taste, Guadalajara.