bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BioMIPs: molecularly imprinted silk fibroin nanoparticles to recognize the iron regulating hormone hepcidin
Authors: Bossi Alessandra Maria , Maniglio Devid
Published: January 2022

The possibility to prepare molecularly imprinted nanoparticles from silk fibroin was recently demonstrated starting from methacrylated silk fibroin and choosing a protein as template. Here, we attempted the imprinting of fibroin-based molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), called bioMIPs, using as a template hepcidin that is a iron-metabolism regulator-peptide, possessing a hairpin structure. A homogeneous population (PDI < 0.2) of bioMIPs with size ~50 nm was produced. The bioMIPs were selective for the template; the estimated dissociation constant for hepcidin was KD = 3.6 ± 0.5 10−7 M and the average number of binding sites per bioMIP was equal to 2. The bioMIPs used in a competitive assay for hepcidin in serum showed a detection range of 1.01 10−7– 6.82 10−7 M and a limit of detection of 3.29 10−8 M.

Graphical abstract
Continuum Limit of Lipschitz Learning on Graphs
Authors: Roith Tim , Bungert Leon
Published: January 2022

Tackling semi-supervised learning problems with graph-based methods has become a trend in recent years since graphs can represent all kinds of data and provide a suitable framework for studying continuum limits, for example, of differential operators. A popular strategy here is p-Laplacian learning, which poses a smoothness condition on the sought inference function on the set of unlabeled data. For $$p<\infty $$

p
<
∞

continuum limits of this approach were studied using tools from $$\varGamma $$
Γ
-convergence. For the case $$p=\infty $$

p
=
∞

, which is referred to as Lipschitz learning, continuum limits of the related infinity Laplacian equation were studied using the concept of viscosity solutions. In this work, we prove continuum limits of Lipschitz learning using $$\varGamma $$
Γ
-convergence. In particular, we define a sequence of functionals which approximate the largest local Lipschitz constant of a graph function and prove $$\varGamma $$
Γ
-convergence in the $$L^{\infty }$$

L
∞

-topology to the supremum norm of the gradient as the graph becomes denser. Furthermore, we show compactness of the functionals which implies convergence of minimizers. In our analysis we allow a varying set of labeled data which converges to a general closed set in the Hausdorff distance. We apply our results to nonlinear ground states, i.e., minimizers with constrained $$L^p$$

L
p

-norm, and, as a by-product, prove convergence of graph distance functions to geodesic distance functions.
Is grandparental childcare socio-economically patterned? Evidence from the English longitudinal study of ageing
Authors: Di Gessa Giorgio , Glaser Karen , Zaninotto Paola
Published: January 2022

Grandparents play a vital role in providing childcare to families. Qualitative research and evidence from parents raise concerns that it is grandparents who are socio-economically disadvantaged who provide grandchild care more regularly, perform more intensive tasks, and care out of financial necessity. However, no European studies have investigated these issues at population level. This study is based on grandparents aged 50+ who looked after grandchildren. Data are from wave 8 of the nationally representative English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (2016/2017). We exploit newly collected information on frequency of grandchild care, activities, and reasons for care. Using multinomial regressions, we first examined the extent to which grandparents’ socio-economic characteristics (wealth and education) are associated with frequency of grandchild care. Second, using logistic regressions, we investigated whether wealth and education are associated with activities and reasons for grandchild care. Overall, grandparents from disadvantaged socio-economic backgrounds were more likely to provide more regular childcare. Similarly, grandparents in the lowest wealth quartile were more involved in hands-on activities (cooking, taking/collecting grandchildren to/from school), whereas highly educated grandparents were more likely to help grandchildren with homework. Finally, better-off grandparents were more likely to look after grandchildren to help parents and provide emotional support and less likely to report difficulty in refusing to provide care. Our findings show that grandparental childcare varies by socio-economic status with more intensive childcare activities falling disproportionately on those with fewer resources, and this may act to exacerbate existing socio-economic inequalities in later life.
In vivo biocompatibility evaluation of 3D-printed nickel–titanium fabricated by selective laser melting
Authors: Naujokat Hendrik , Gökkaya Ali Ihsan , Açil Yahya , Loger Klaas , Klüter Tim , Fuchs Sabine , Wiltfang Jörg
Published: January 2022

Nickel–titanium (NiTi) belongs to the group of shape-memory alloys (SMAs), which are characterized by flexibility and reversible deformability. Advanced techniques in 3D printing by selective laser-melting (SLM) process allow the manufacturing of complex patient-specific implants from SMAs. Osteosynthesis materials made of NiTi could be used for minimally invasive surgical approaches in oral- and maxillofacial surgery. However, the in vivo biocompatibility has not yet been fully investigated, especially in load-sharing and load-bearing implants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo biocompatibility of SLM-produced NiTi for intraosseous and subperiosteal applications. Test specimens were implanted into the frontonasal bone of ten miniature pigs. To assess peri-implant bone metabolism, fluorescent dye was administered after 2, 4, 6, 10, 12, and 14 weeks intraperitoneally. Specimens and the surrounding tissues were harvested after 8 and 16 weeks for histological analysis. While the NiTi implants presented a higher bone-to-implant contact ratio (BIC) after 8 than after 16 weeks (43.3 vs. 40.3%), the titanium implants had a significantly higher BIC after 16 weeks (33.6 vs. 67.7%). Histologically, no signs of peri-implant inflammation or foreign-body reaction were detectable. With respect to this preliminary study design, 3D-printed NiTi shows sufficient biocompatibility for intraosseous and subperiosteal implant placement.
A sciatic nerve gap-injury model in the rabbit
Authors: Merolli Antonio , Li Michelle , Voronin Gregory , Bright Lauren
Published: January 2022

There has been an increased number of studies of nerve transection injuries with the sciatic nerve gap-injury model in the rabbit in the past 2 years. We wanted to define in greater detail what is needed to test artificial nerve guides in a sciatic nerve gap-injury model in the rabbit. We hope that this will help investigators to fully exploit the robust translational potential of the rabbit sciatic nerve gap-injury model in its capacity to test devices whose diameter and length are in the range of those commonly applied in hand and wrist surgery (diameter ranging between 2 and 4 mm; length up to 30 mm). We suggest that the rabbit model should replace the less translational rat model in nerve regeneration research. The rabbit sciatic model, however, requires an effective strategy to prevent and control self-mutilation of the foot in the postoperative period, and to prevent pressure ulcers.
Psychological Interventions for Well-Being in Healthy Older Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Iwano Suguru , Kambara Kohei , Aoki Shuntaro
Published: January 2022

Aging societies are a global problem, necessitating the promotion of well-being in healthy older adults. However, the evidence regarding psychological interventions in this population is unclear. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and metaanalysis to clarify the effects of psychological interventions on the well-being of healthy older adults. A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, PsycINFO, and CiNii. Included studies were randomized controlled trials of psychological interventions designed to improve psychological well-being in healthy older adults. The search yielded 1,047 articles, out of which five qualitative and four quantitative studies were selected. A meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model. We found a large effect size (Hedges’ g = 0.87) and heterogeneity among the studies ( I2 = 94.4%, τ2 = 0.556, p = 0.00). Most studies were evaluated as being of a low quality. There were five types of interventions: an isolation prevention program, outdoor activities, art therapy through participating in theater workshops, animal-assisted activity, and an encounter group. The results indicated that healthy older adults’ psychological well-being can be promoted through interventions. The evaluated studies had no theoretical commonality; however, all research involved interaction with other people or animals. Thus, we recommend increased interaction with people or animals to promote well-being in older adults. Heterogeneity is a limitation of the study, and there is a need for more high-quality studies on well-being in healthy older adults.
Penalized Estimation and Forecasting of Multiple Subject Intensive Longitudinal Data
Authors: Fisher Zachary F. , Kim Younghoon , Fredrickson Barbara L. , Pipiras Vladas
Published: January 2022

Intensive longitudinal data (ILD) is an increasingly common data type in the social and behavioral sciences. Despite the many benefits these data provide, little work has been dedicated to realize the potential such data hold for forecasting dynamic processes at the individual level. To address this gap in the literature, we present the multi-VAR framework, a novel methodological approach allowing for penalized estimation of ILD collected from multiple individuals. Importantly, our approach estimates models for all individuals simultaneously and is capable of adaptively adjusting to the amount of heterogeneity present across individual dynamic processes. To accomplish this, we propose a novel proximal gradient descent algorithm for solving the multi-VAR problem and prove the consistency of the recovered transition matrices. We evaluate the forecasting performance of our method in comparison with a number of benchmark methods and provide an illustrative example involving the day-to-day emotional experiences of 16 individuals over an 11-week period.
Noncompensatory MIRT For Passage-Based Tests
Authors: Kim Nana , Bolt Daniel M. , Wollack James
Published: January 2022

We consider a multidimensional noncompensatory approach for binary items in passage-based tests. The passage-based noncompensatory model (PB-NM) emphasizes two underlying components in solving passage-based test items: a passage-related component and a passage-independent component. An advantage of the PB-NM model over commonly applied compensatory models (e.g., bifactor model) is that the two components are parameterized in relation to difficulty as opposed to discrimination parameters. As a result, while simultaneously accounting for passage-related local item dependence, the model permits the assessment of how items based on the same passage may require varying levels of passage comprehension (as well as varying levels of passage-independent proficiency) to obtain a correct response. Through a simulation study, we evaluate the comparative fit of the PB-NM against the bifactor model and also illustrate the relationship between the difficulty parameters of the PB-NM and the discrimination parameters of the bifactor model. We further apply the PB-NM to an actual reading comprehension test to demonstrate the relevance of the model in understanding variation in the relative difficulty of the two components across different item types.
The extensive mercury contamination in soil and legacy sediments of the Paglia River basin (Tuscany, Italy): interplay between Hg-mining waste discharge along rivers, 1960s economic boom, and ongoing climate change
Authors: Fornasaro Silvia , Morelli Guia , Rimondi Valentina , Fagotti Cesare , Friani Rossella , Lattanzi Pierfranco , Costagliola Pilario
Published: January 2022

Purpose

The extensive Hg contamination in soil and sediments occurring along the Paglia River (Central Italy) is the result of the interplay between the geomorphological changes of the river and anthropic activities, primarily associated to the exploitation of Hg-deposits in "The Monte Amiata mining district" (MAMD). The present study determines the implications of the morphological changes that occurred along the Paglia River in the last 200 years on the distribution of Hg along the floodplain and riverbed, which today represent one of the main Hg-reservoirs in the MAMD.

Materials and methods

The temporal changes of the Paglia riverbed and the extent of its alluvial deposits were reconstructed by a GIS-based analysis of the available maps and aerial photos. The Hg-concentration in soil and sediment samples, collected along five transects transverse to the Paglia River channel, was determined by ICP-MS.

Results and discussion

Samples along the investigated Paglia River segment typically show Hg-contents exceeding the Italian threshold for residential and public green soil use (1 mg kg−1). The distribution of Hg in the Paglia floodplain results from the combination of exceedance of sediment yield to the river during mining activities, that fed the floodplain with large amounts of Hg-contaminated sediments during its braided stage about 100 years ago, and the morphological changes of the river, that led to the evolution from a braided to the present-day single channel river. The magnitude of the extension of Hg-contamination, the river geomorphologic changes, and the processes of transport, deposition, and re-suspension did not allow a natural “clean up” of the river system, which shows a low resilience. Under high flow conditions, and especially in coincidence with intense rain events, large amounts of Hg stored in the overbank sediments are mobilized and redistributed, contributing to make the floodplain a secondary Hg-source. Extreme weather events, expected to intensify as a consequence of climate change, will contribute to the recurrent distribution of Hg-contaminated legacy sediments in the floodplain and along the Paglia river course.

Conclusion

From a water/land management perspective, the variability of the river flow, associated with an increase of extreme flood events driven by climate change, will affect the distribution of Hg-contaminated particles in the Paglia River, contributing to the Hg input into the Mediterranean Sea in the future.

Graphical abstract
Piecewise acceleration orbital modeling: a GOCE satellite case study
Authors: Bobojć Andrzej , Cellmer Sławomir
Published: January 2022

In this work, the Precise Science Orbit (PSO) of the Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer Mission (GOCE) satellite, acquired via the European Space Agency, served as the reference orbit for the testing various variants of the GOCE satellite orbit modeling. The GOCE satellite positions along the reduced-dynamic PSO orbit were treated as pseudo-observations in the satellite orbit improvement process in the least squares sense. This process was realized using dedicated extended Toruń Orbit Processor software which enabled determining corrections to the orbital initial conditions and the set of parameters, necessary to determine additional empirical accelerations of the satellite in the radial-track, along-track and cross-track directions. These piecewise accelerations were determined in successive equal intervals (pieces) into which the processed orbital arcs were divided. For modeling the accelerations, polynomials of different degrees were used. The obtained RMS differences between the improved orbits and the reference PSO orbit were determined for various orbital arc lengths up to 1-day. The best RMS of the fits for the 1-day arcs was in the range from 2.0 to 3.2 mm with significantly worst results for along-track direction. Based on the set of solutions determined, the number of orbital parameters for adopted accuracy thresholds and the upper limit of their number, that can be estimated depending on the length of the orbital arc, under given numerical conditions were obtained. The optimal form of the polynomial modeling of the estimated accelerations also depends partly on the length of the processed orbital arc. For shorter arcs (45 min and less), the second- third- and fourth-order polynomial gives the best results, while for longer arcs (90, 180, 360, 720 and 1440 min), zero- and first-degree polynomials are the most effective. A very promising solution with the RMS of the fit of 0.1 mm for a 1-min arc using the fourth-order polynomial was obtained in a perspective of the future use of the short arc approach to the fit of 1-day arcs. Additionally, solution variants with non-equal numbers of orbital pieces for the radial-along-and cross-track directions were obtained. In the case of the solution for an arc length of 1-day, the distribution of residuals and their statistics in the aforementioned radial-, along-and cross-track directions are presented.
Is Neuroscience FAIR? A Call for Collaborative Standardisation of Neuroscience Data
Authors: Poline Jean-Baptiste , Kennedy David N. , Sommer Friedrich T. , Ascoli Giorgio A. , Van Essen David C. , Ferguson Adam R. , Grethe Jeffrey S. , Hawrylycz Michael J. , Thompson Paul M. , Poldrack Russell A. , Ghosh Satrajit S. , Keator David B. , Athey Thomas L. , Vogelstein Joshua T. , Mayberg Helen S. , Martone Maryann E.
Published: January 2022

In this perspective article, we consider the critical issue of data and other research object standardisation and, specifically, how international collaboration, and organizations such as the International Neuroinformatics Coordinating Facility (INCF) can encourage that emerging neuroscience data be Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR). As neuroscientists engaged in the sharing and integration of multi-modal and multiscale data, we see the current insufficiency of standards as a major impediment in the Interoperability and Reusability of research results. We call for increased international collaborative standardisation of neuroscience data to foster integration and efficient reuse of research objects.
Mechanical stress effects on transcriptional regulation of genes encoding microtubule- and actin-associated proteins
Authors: Shevchenko Galina V. , Krutovsky Konstantin V.
Published: January 2022

Plant cytoskeleton regulation has been studied using a new approach based on both (1) pharmacological analysis of tubulin and actin inhibitors and (2) mechanical stimulation achieved by using a slow-rotating (2 rpm) clinostat in combination with transcriptional analysis of genes encoding TUA6, ACT2, MAP65-1, CLASP, PLDδ, FH4 and FH1 proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana seedling roots. The obtained data suggest feedback between the organization of microtubule (MT) and actin filament (AF) networks and the expression of the ACT2, TUA6, MAP65-1, CLASP and FH1/FH4 genes. Different regulation of feedback between MT/AF organization and TUA6, ACT2, MAP65-1, CLASP, FH4 and FH1 gene expression was noted during slow clinorotation, possibly due to altered mechanical impact on the cortical cytoskeleton. For the first time, the expression of the tubulin-associated gene MAP65-1 was shown to be dependent upon the organization of AFs. TUA6, MAP65-1, CLASP, FH1 and FH4 likely participate in mechanical signal transduction. Our work demonstrated that slow clinorotation is able to cause mechanical stress.
Gebruik en kosten van jeugdzorg door jeugdigen met een Turkse of Marokkaanse achtergrond
Authors: Sadiraj Klarita , Bucx Freek , Ras Michiel
Published: January 2022

Samenvatting

Jeugdigen met een Turkse of Marokkaanse achtergrond maken minder vaak gebruik van vrijwillige jeugdzorg dan autochtone jeugdigen, maar komen juist vaker terecht in de gedwongen jeugdzorg. Doel van dit onderzoek is meer zicht te krijgen op een verklaring hiervoor door ook naar de zorgkosten te kijken. We maken gebruik van informatie uit registraties van onder andere jeugdhulpaanbieders uit 2012. De gemiddelde kosten van vrijwillige jeugdzorg blijken voor jeugdigen met een Turkse of Marokkaanse achtergrond hoger te zijn dan voor autochtone jeugdigen, terwijl die van gedwongen jeugdzorg juist lager liggen. Dit wijst erop dat de problemen waarvoor jeugdigen met een Turkse of Marokkaanse achtergrond in het vrijwillige circuit zorg ontvangen, relatief zwaar zijn, en de problemen in de gedwongen zorg juist lichter dan bij autochtone jeugdigen. We geven mogelijke verklaringen voor de aangetroffen verschillen.
Verkenning van gezondheidssituatie en gezondheidsverschillen in de Euregio Maas-Rijn (EMR)
Authors: Curvers Nicole , Willems Laura , Konings Kevin , Stijnen Mandy M. N. , Jansen Maria W. J.
Published: January 2022

Samenvatting

De Euregio Maas-Rijn (EMR) bestaat uit vijf grensregio’s in Nederland, België en Duitsland. Vanwege overeenkomsten als grensligging en een industrieel (mijn)verleden is hun gezondheidssituatie waarschijnlijk vergelijkbaar. Hoe ziet de gezondheidssituatie van de EMR eruit en welke factoren spelen een rol wanneer er toch gezondheidsverschillen blijken te zijn? We hebben een mixed method study uitgevoerd, waarbij we gebruikmaakten van een unieke Euregionale dataset met gegevens over aantal inwoners, geslacht, leeftijd, opleiding, werk, levensverwachting bij geboorte, mortaliteit, doodsoorzaken en overgewicht/obesitas. We hebben semigestructureerde interviews afgenomen bij 22 deskundigen uit de publieke gezondheidszorg en aanverwante beleidsterreinen, allen werkzaam binnen de EMR. Vooral de levensverwachting bij geboorte blijkt te verschillen: inwoners van de Provincie Limburg (B) leven gemiddeld 2,7 jaar langer dan de inwoners van de Provincie Luik (B) (82,5 jaar versus 79,9 jaar). Volgens stakeholders kunnen sociaal-culturele en sociaaleconomische factoren (zoals grensbarrières, een lage sociaaleconomische status) de gezondheidsverschillen binnen de EMR verklaren. De gezondheidssituatie in de EMR kan verbeterd worden door inzet op integraal beleid en het versterken van gezondheidsvaardigheden bij de lage SES-populatie.
Een rookvrije zone in Rotterdam: wat is er te winnen?
Authors: Dereci Nazmi , Breunis Leonieke J. , de Kroon Marlou L. A. , Been Jasper V.
Published: January 2022

Samenvatting

Het doel van dit onderzoek was het rookgedrag meten binnen de voorgenomen eerste rookvrije zone in Rotterdam. In de winter van 2018–2019 is gedurende 37 dagen het aantal rokers geteld op het voorgenomen rookvrije terrein rondom het Erasmus MC, de nabijgelegen Hogeschool Rotterdam en het Erasmiaans Gymnasium. Ook het gebruik van de rookabri, kenmerken van de rokers en het aanspreekgedrag zijn geobserveerd. Op basis van deze metingen schatten wij dat er tijdens werktijden dagelijks bijna 4.500 rokers waren in de voorgenomen rookvrije zone. De meeste rokers bevonden zich rondom de hoofdingang van het Erasmus MC (n = 948) en de ingang van de Hogeschool (n = 614). Van de rokers rondom het Erasmus MC was 30 % herkenbaar als Erasmus MC-werknemer en 4 % als patiënt. Rondom de scholen was 69 % herkenbaar als student en 12 % als werknemer. Rondom het Erasmus MC maakte 75 % van de rokers geen gebruik van een rookabri. Van hen werd slechts 0,2 % zichtbaar verzocht om elders te roken. Rondom de onderwijsinstellingen rookte 25 % binnen de bestaande rookvrije zone voor een van de ingangen. Van hen werd 5 % zichtbaar verzocht om elders te roken. Dagelijks zijn er veel rokers in het voorgenomen rookvrije gebied in Rotterdam. Het gebruik van de rookabri’s en het aanspreekgedrag was minimaal. De uitkomsten van dit onderzoek laten zien welke potentiële winst er te behalen is bij het implementeren van een volledig rookvrij beleid.
Spijbelen onder scholieren: de rol van een zorgsituatie thuis
Authors: van Tienen Ingrid , de Roos Simone , de Boer Alice
Published: January 2022

Samenvatting

In dit artikel gaan we na of het hebben van een langdurig ziek gezinslid bij scholieren samenhangt met spijbelgedrag. De gegevens zijn afkomstig van het Health Behaviour in School-aged Children-onderzoek uit 2013, een representatief onderzoek onder Nederlandse middelbare scholieren die het regulier onderwijs bezoeken in de leeftijd van twaalf tot en met zestien jaar (n = 5.168). Behalve naar spijbelen en het hebben van een ziek gezinslid is gekeken naar sociaal-demografische kenmerken en ervaren sociale steun. Een op de tien scholieren rapporteert minstens één lesuur te hebben gespijbeld in de maand voorafgaand aan het onderzoek. Scholieren met een langdurig ziek gezinslid zijn vergeleken met scholieren zonder ziek gezinslid vaker meisjes, maken vaker deel uit van gezinnen met een lagere gezinswelvaart, komen vaker uit onvolledige gezinnen en ervaren minder steun thuis. Vergeleken met andere scholieren spijbelen scholieren met een langdurig ziek gezinslid niet vaker, maar wel meer lesuren, ook na correctie voor sociaal-demografische kenmerken en sociale steun. Steun van leraren en vrienden hangt samen met het al dan niet spijbelen en steun thuis is gerelateerd aan het aantal spijbeluren. Het versterken van steun in zowel de thuissituatie als de schoolsetting is van belang voor het reduceren van spijbelgedrag van scholieren, in het bijzonder voor scholieren met een langdurig zieke thuis.
Kinkhoestvaccinatie tijdens de zwangerschap
Authors: Anraad Charlotte , van Keulen Hilde , Lehmann Birthe , Mollema Liesbeth , van Empelen Pepijn , Ruiter Rob
Published: January 2022

Samenvatting

Inleiding

We hebben onderzocht wat de behoefte is van zwangere vrouwen ten aanzien van de informatievoorziening en organisatie van de kinkhoestvaccinatie tijdens de zwangerschap.

Methode

Door middel van een cross-sectionele online vragenlijst werden 202 zwangere vrouwen gevraagd naar hun wensen met betrekking tot de kinkhoestvaccinatie tijdens de zwangerschap, welke informatie ze daarover zouden willen ontvangen en door wie die informatie en de vaccinatie zou moeten worden verstrekt.

Resultaten

Deelnemers gaven aan behoefte te hebben aan informatie over de risico’s op bijwerkingen voor zichzelf en de baby, de effectiviteit van het vaccin en het risico voor baby’s om kinkhoest te krijgen met of zonder vaccinatie. Informatie over de vaccinatie ontvingen ze het liefst van de verloskundige, gevolgd door de gynaecoloog of huisarts. Ook worden ze het liefst aan het begin van de zwangerschap of na twintig weken geïnformeerd over de vaccinatie. De meeste deelnemers gaven aan de vaccinatie te willen ontvangen van de verloskundig zorgverlener bij wie ze onder controle staan, of van de huisarts.

Conclusie

Dit onderzoek geeft praktische handvatten voor het ontwikkelen van voorlichting over en de organisatie van de maternale kinkhoestvaccinatie. De verloskundig zorgverlener bij wie de zwangere vrouwen onder controle staan wordt gezien als de belangrijkste bron van informatie.
Natuurlijk naar buiten!
Authors: Iyer Vasanthi , Enthoven Clair , Klaver Caroline , Mulder Edith , Soeterbroek André ,   leden van ‘Zicht op Buiten’
Published: January 2022

Samenvatting

Vaker buiten spelen maakt kinderen gezonder. Een actieve leefstijl is van groot belang voor een optimale groei en ontwikkeling van kinderen. De beperkingen als gevolg van het coronavirus maken dit extra zichtbaar. Het professionele netwerk ‘Zicht op Buiten’ bracht de gevolgen van te weinig buiten zijn en beweging voor de gezondheid van kinderen en jongeren in kaart, op het gebied van visus, motoriek, houding, overgewicht, slaap en psychosociale gezondheid. We bevelen sterk aan om 2 uur per dag naar buiten te gaan voor gezonde kinderogen, waarvan ten minste 1 uur matig-intensief bewegen om uithoudingsvermogen, spieren en botten te versterken. Andere leefstijlmaatregelen betreffen het verminderen van sedentair gedrag en regels over schermgebruik, evenals regelmatig afwisselen van zittende activiteiten.
Patiëntparticipatie bij de ontwikkeling en toepassing van e-health
Authors: van Leersum Catharina M. , Bults Marloes , Sloof Michelle , Pouwe Fabiënne , van Manen Jeannette G. , Konijnendijk Annemieke A. J.
Published: January 2022

Samenvatting

Inleiding

Het doel van dit vragenlijstonderzoek was om in kaart te brengen op welke manieren en op welke momenten mensen met diabetes mellitus type 2 willen participeren bij de ontwikkeling en toepassing van e‑health, en welke factoren daarop van invloed zijn.

Methode

Via verschillende online platforms en de nieuwsbrief van de Diabetesvereniging Nederland is een digitale vragenlijst verspreid met zowel gesloten als open vragen. Informatie werd verzameld over: 1) bereidheid tot participatie; 2) voorkeuren over de vorm van participatie; 3) beïnvloedbare factoren voor participatie, zoals motivatie, competentie, middelen, sociale invloed en uitkomstverwachtingen; 4) achtergrondkenmerken.

Resultaten

Er zijn 160 vragenlijsten geanalyseerd. Ruim 75% van de respondenten heeft interesse in patiëntparticipatie. De meeste respondenten prefereren solistische participatiemethoden boven groepsparticipatie, respectievelijk 93% en 46%. De helft denkt voldoende kennis te hebben om mee te kunnen doen aan patiëntparticipatie en 40% denkt een waardevolle inbreng te kunnen hebben. Als vergoeding wensen deelnemers vooral het gratis gebruik van nieuwe technologie.

Conclusie

Omdat mensen verschillen in hun voorkeuren voor momenten en manieren van participatie, is het aan te bevelen daarvoor verschillende vormen van participatie en vergoedingen aan te bieden tijdens het gehele proces van ontwikkeling tot toepassing van e‑health.
Nederlandse vertaling en eerste stappen in validatie van de PPEET om burger- en patiëntenparticipatie te evalueren
Authors: Bavelaar Laura , van Tol Lisa S. , Caljouw Monique A. A. , van der Steen Jenny T.
Published: January 2022

Samenvatting

Hoewel het belang van burger- en patiëntenparticipatie wordt erkend, ontbreekt een Nederlandse maat om de impact van participatie te evalueren. De Canadese Public and Patient Engagement Evaluation Tool (PPEET) is een Engelstalig instrument dat ontwikkeld is om participatie te evalueren. Het instrument bestaat uit drie modules, gericht op verschillende betrokkenen in het participatieproces: burger- of patiëntparticipanten, projectcoördinatoren en organisatiemanagers. Wij vertaalden dit instrument naar het Nederlands volgens de ‘vertalen-en-terugvertalen’-methode. Vervolgens vulden 46 deelnemers de vragenlijsten in, scoorden ze de vragen op helderheid en gaven ze schriftelijk feedback op de formulering van de vragen. De duidelijkheidsscores en het aantal volledige antwoorden gaven een beeld van de haalbaarheid van deze Nederlandse vertaling. De eerste stappen in de validatie van de vragenlijst werden gezet door Cronbach’s alfa (α) te berekenen over de meerkeuzevragen en met een thematische analyse van de antwoorden op de open vragen. De vragenlijst bleek haalbaar en consistent (α ≥ 0,70). De vertaling werd verder verbeterd door vragen te herformuleren en één vraag te verwijderen op basis van de feedback van de deelnemers. Toekomstige projecten kunnen deze vertaalde PPEET toetsen in een grotere groep, met aandacht voor de constructvaliditeit, en na validatie gebruiken om participatie te evalueren en vergelijken.
Vaccinatiebereidheid en opleidingsniveau
Authors: Vader Sarah , Uiters Ellen , van der Lucht Fons , Smits Carolien , Kroese Floor , de Bruin Marijn
Published: January 2022

Samenvatting

Vaccinatie is een belangrijk onderdeel in de bestrijding van het COVID-19-virus. Een voorspeller van het aandeel mensen dat daadwerkelijk een vaccinatie zal nemen is de vaccinatiebereidheid onder de bevolking. Uit buitenlandse literatuur blijkt dat de vaccinatiebereidheid onder mensen met een lagere sociaaleconomische status lager ligt dan onder andere groepen. In deze bijdrage beschrijven we in hoeverre dit ook in Nederland het geval is en laten we zien hoe risicoperceptie, vertrouwen in de werking en veiligheid van het vaccin en gezondheidsvaardigheden hier mogelijk mee samenhangen. Tot slot belichten we een aantal interventiestrategieën die positief aan de vaccinatiebereidheid onder laagopgeleiden kunnen bijdragen.
In Vivo Vasospasm Induction by Ultrasound Application in the Chicken Chorioallantoic Membrane Model
Authors: Döring Katja , Schroeder Henning , Fischer André , Sperling Swetlana , Ninkovic Milena , Stadelmann Christine , Mielke Dorothee , Rohde Veit , Malinova Vesna
Published: January 2022

Cerebral vasospasm is a highly investigated phenomenon in neurovascular research. Experimental vasospasm models are irreplaceable for the evaluation of new antivasospastic drugs. In this study, we assessed the reliability of in vivo vasospasm induction by ultrasound application in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. After incubation of fertilized chicken eggs for four days, a fenestration was performed to enable examination of the CAM vessels. On the thirteenth day, continuous-wave ultrasound (3 MHz, 1 W/cm2) was applied on the CAM vessels for 60 s. The ultrasound effect on the vessels was recorded by life imaging (5-MP HD-microscope camera, Leica®). The induced vessel diameter changes were evaluated in a defined time interval of 20 min using a Fiji macro. The vessel diameter before and after sonication was measured and the relative diameter reduction was determined. A first reduction of vessel diameter was observed after three minutes with an average vessel-diameter decrease to 77%. The maximum reduction in vessel diameter was reached eight minutes after sonication with an average vessel diameter decrease to 57% (mean relative diameter reduction of 43%, range 44–61%), ANOVA, p = 0.0002. The vasospasm persisted for all 20 recorded minutes post induction. Vasospasm can be reliably induced by short application of 3 MHz-ultrasound to the CAM vessels. This might be a suitable in vivo model for the evaluation of drug effects on vasospasm in an experimental setting as intermediary in the transition process from in vitro to in vivo assessment using animal models.
Effects of different light incident angles via a head-mounted device on the magnitude of nocturnal melatonin suppression in healthy young subjects
Authors: Kubota Naoko , Tamori Yusuke , Baba Kenkichi , Yamanaka Yujiro
Published: January 2022

Bright light is a primary zeitgeber (synchronizer) for the central circadian pacemaker in humans. Recently, head-mounted devices for light therapy have been developed to treat patients suffering from circadian rhythm sleep disorders. In this study, to evaluate the influence of the light incident angle of head-mounted devices on the human circadian pacemaker, we examined the effects of bright light (ca.10000 lx) from two different angles (55° vs. 28°) on the suppression of melatonin secretion at night. Twenty-nine subjects (25.1 ± 6.3 SD years) participated in the present study. The subjects were kept under dim light conditions (< 5 lx) from 4 h before their habitual bedtime, followed by exposure to 1 h of bright light at two different angles during their habitual bedtime. Saliva samples were collected every hour under dim light conditions and then collected every 30 min during the bright light exposure. To assess the effect of the light incident angle on ipRGCs mediating light-evoked pupillary constriction, pupil size was measured in before and after exposure to bright light. Melatonin suppression in the group exposed to light at 28° was significantly higher than that in the group with light at 55° (p < 0.001). The pupillary constriction was significantly greater in the group exposed to light at 28° than that in the group with light at 55° (p < 0.001). The present findings suggest that the light incident angle is an important factor for bright light therapy and should be considered to effectively use head-mounted devices in home and clinical settings.
Evaluating the use of thermal imagery to count harbor seals in aerial surveys
Authors: Christman Cynthia L. , London Josh M. , Conn Paul B. , Hardy Stacie K. , Brady Gavin M. , Dahle Shawn P. , Hou Benjamin X. , Ziel Heather L.
Published: January 2022

Aerial surveys of pinnipeds are often used to estimate abundance, a critical component of stock assessments and management decisions. In Alaska, USA, aerial surveys of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) have historically relied on visual detections by human observers, a method which works well on large groups of seals at predictable haul-out locations, or when seals are located on a visually uniform substrate such as a sandy beach or exposed mudflat. However, regions such as the Aleutian Islands of Alaska, where harbor seals haul out in small numbers at variable locations and are inconspicuous on shore, are challenging to survey accurately. To determine whether the use of thermal imaging techniques would improve detections of harbor seals in the Aleutian Islands, we conducted a study to compare counts derived from visual detections documented by color photographs with those derived from thermal detections documented by infrared images. In 2019, we conducted 15 flights in the Aleutian Islands, completing 129 experimental trials. We manually reviewed color and thermal images to count harbor seals and used a Bayesian analysis to explore the effects of several covariates on seal detections. The thermal method detected more harbor seals than the visual method early in the day, when cloud cover was greater, and when observers had more experience operating the thermal imaging equipment. The relative improvement in performance of the thermal method was particularly notable when surveys occurred four or more hours prior to solar noon. We discuss the costs and benefits of incorporating thermal technology as part of the existing monitoring program for harbor seals in the Aleutian Islands, including the need to control for differences if incorporating new survey methods based on thermal detection.
Set Theory
Authors: Burgess John P.
Published: January 2022

Set theory is a branch of mathematics with a special subject matter, the infinite, but also a general framework for all modern mathematics, whose notions figure in every branch, pure and applied. This Element will offer a concise introduction, treating the origins of the subject, the basic notion of set, the axioms of set theory and immediate consequences, the set-theoretic reconstruction of mathematics, and the theory of the infinite, touching also on selected topics from higher set theory, controversial axioms and undecided questions, and philosophical issues raised by technical developments.
Miscanthus×giganteusgrowth and control in simulated upland and wetland habitats
Authors: Turnage Gray , Byrd John D. , Madsen John D.
Published: January 2022

Globally, giant miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteusJ.M. Greef & Deuter ex Hodkinson & Renvoize [sacchariflorus × sinensis]) is used as a biofuel crop due to its ability to persist in a wide range of climates. However, little work has assessed this plant’s ability to invade and persist in wetland habitats. In outdoor mesocosms, we examinedM.×giganteus’s ability to grow in simulated wetland versus upland habitats and examined chemical control strategies for both habitats using aquatic-labeled herbicides.Miscanthus×giganteusgrowth was consistently greater in simulated wetland habitats, with wetland plants 2.4 to 3 times taller than upland plants at 6 wk after treatment (WAT) and 2.8 to 3.3 times taller than upland plants at 12 WAT.Miscanthus×giganteusaboveground biomass was 12.7 to 17.7 times greater in wetland- versus upland-grown plants at 6 WAT and 9.6 to 12.5 times greater at 12 WAT. Belowground biomass was 4.5 to 10.7 times greater in wetland versus upland grown plants at 6 WAT and 4.0 to 6.1 times greater at 12 WAT.Miscanthus×giganteusbelowground biomass was always greater than aboveground in both habitats at 6 (6.0 times greater in wetlands and 2.9 times greater in uplands) and 12 WAT (3.8 times greater in wetlands and 1.3 times greater in uplands). Generally, all herbicide treatments reducedM.×giganteusheight (66% to 100% reduction) and biomass (84% to 100%) compared with nontreated plants at 12 WAT; however, glyphosate (5,716.3 g ai ha−1) and imazapyr (1,120.8 g ai ha−1) performed better than imazamox (560.4 g ai ha−1) and penoxsulam (98.6 g ai ha−1). This is the first work to provide evidence thatM.×giganteuscan be chemically controlled in wetland habitats. Furthermore, this is the first work to show that penoxsulam (an acetolactate synthase–inhibiting herbicide) can reduceM.×giganteusgrowth in upland or wetland habitats.
Near-onset dynamics in natural doubly diffusive convection
Authors: Beaume Cédric , Rucklidge Alastair M. , Tumelty Joanna
Published: January 2022

Doubly diffusive convection is considered in a vertical slot where horizontal temperature and solutal variations provide competing effects to the fluid density while allowing the existence of a conduction state. In this configuration, the linear stability of the conductive state is known, but the convection patterns arising from the primary instability have only been studied for specific parameter values. We have extended this by determining the nature of the primary bifurcation for all values of the Lewis and Prandtl numbers using a weakly nonlinear analysis. The resulting convection branches are extended using numerical continuation and we find large-amplitude steady convection states can coexist with the stable conduction state for sub- and supercritical primary bifurcations. The stability of the convection states is investigated and attracting travelling waves and periodic orbits are identified using time stepping when these steady states are unstable.
A Lagrangian relaxation towards equilibrium wall model for large eddy simulation
Authors: Fowler Mitchell , Zaki Tamer A. , Meneveau Charles
Published: January 2022

A large eddy simulation wall model is developed based on a formal interpretation of quasi-equilibrium that governs the momentum balance integrated in the wall-normal direction. The model substitutes the law-of-the-wall velocity profile for a smooth surface into the wall-normal integrated momentum balance, leading to a Lagrangian relaxation towards equilibrium (LaRTE) transport equation for the friction–velocity vector

${\boldsymbol u}_\tau (x,z,t)$

. This partial differential equation includes a relaxation time scale governing the rate at which the wall stress can respond to imposed fluctuations due to the inertia of the fluid layer from the wall to the wall-model height. A priori tests based on channel flow direct numerical simulation (DNS) data show that the identified relaxation time scale ensures self-consistency with assumed quasi-equilibrium conditions. The new approach enables us to formally distinguish quasi-equilibrium from additional, non-equilibrium contributions to the wall stress. A particular model for non-equilibrium contributions is derived, motivated by laminar Stokes layer dynamics in the viscous sublayer when applying fast-varying pressure gradients. The new wall modelling approach is first tested in standard equilibrium channel flow in order to document various properties of the approach. The model is then applied in large eddy simulation of channel flow with a suddenly applied spanwise pressure gradient (SSPG). The resulting mean wall-stress evolution is compared with DNS with good agreement. At the onset of the SSPG, the laminar Stokes layer develops rapidly while the LaRTE portion of the stress has a delayed response due to its inherent relaxation dynamics. Results also highlight open challenges such as modelling the response of near-wall turbulence occurring above the viscous sublayer and at time scales faster than quasi-equilibrium conditions.
Orientation instability of settling spheroids in a linearly density-stratified fluid
Authors: More Rishabh V. , Ardekani Mehdi N. , Brandt Luca , Ardekani Arezoo M.
Published: January 2022

Much work has been done to understand the settling dynamics of spherical particles in a homogeneous and stratified fluid. However, the effects of shape anisotropy on the settling dynamics of a particle in a stratified fluid are not completely understood. To this end, we perform numerical simulations for settling oblate and prolate spheroids in a stratified fluid. We present the results for the Galileo number,

$Ga$

, in the range 80–250 and the Richardson number,

$Ri$

, in the range 0–10. We find that both the oblate and prolate spheroids reorient to the edge-wise and partially edge-wise orientations, respectively, as they settle in a stratified fluid completely different from the steady-state broad-side on orientation observed in a homogeneous fluid. We observe that reorientation instabilities emerge when the velocity magnitudes of the spheroids fall below a particular threshold. We also report the enhancement of the drag on the particle from stratification. The torque due to buoyancy effects tries to orient the spheroid in an edge-wise orientation while the hydrodynamic torque tries to orient it to a broad-side on orientation. Below the velocity threshold, the buoyancy torque dominates; resulting in the onset of reorientation instability. Finally, the asymmetry in the distribution of the baroclinic vorticity generation term around the spheroids explains the onset of the reorientation instability.
Slope dependence of self-similar structure and entrainment in gravity currents
Authors: Salinas Jorge S. , Zúñiga Santiago , Cantero M.I. , Shringarpure M. , Fedele J. , Hoyal D. , Balachandar S.
Published: January 2022

Results from seven direct and large-eddy simulations of gravity currents on slopes ranging from 0.14

$^{\circ }$

to 2.86

$^{\circ }$

that span from the subcritical to the supercritical regime are studied. By considering a long domain, attention is focused on the near-self-similar state approached by these currents far downstream. In the self-similar limit, the various shape factors, local Richardson number, entrainment coefficient, velocity scale and basal drag coefficient reach a constant value, while the current height, volume and momentum fluxes continue to increase linearly. Their dependence on slope is presented.
Politics by night: histories of extraversion and rumours of body part theft on the south coast of Kenya
Authors: Dingley Zebulon
Published: January 2022

This article analyses an episode of public anxiety when, in late 2013, word spread throughout Kenya’s rural Lunga Lunga constituency that politically connected gangs calledmumianiwere abducting and killing children for their eyes, tongues and genitals. The rapid spread of these rumours coincided with a regional drought, parliamentary election campaigns, and the apparent discovery of ‘devil worship paraphernalia’ inside a shipping container at the nearby port of Mombasa. I analyse the 2013mumianiscare in relation to histories of famine survival strategies, predatory patronage and occult speculation to argue that the 2013mumianipanic condensed and expressed these histories in figural rather than temporal form. As ‘constellations’ of coastal Kenyan historical consciousness,mumianiare (and have long been) a key feature of, and at the same time iconic of, a broader critical discourse about the dark side of political largesse – ‘politics by night’.