bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Angle Estimation Using Learning-Based Doppler Deconvolution in Beamspace with Forward-Looking Radar
Authors: Li Wenjie , Xu Xinhao , Xu Yihao , Luan Yuchen , Tang Haibo , Chen Longyong , Zhang Fubo , Liu Jie , Yu Junming
Published: August 2024

The measurement of the target azimuth angle using forward-looking radar (FLR) is widely applied in unmanned systems, such as obstacle avoidance and tracking applications. This paper proposes a semi-supervised support vector regression (SVR) method to solve the problem of small sample learning of the target angle with FLR. This method utilizes function approximation to solve the problem of estimating the target angle. First, SVR is used to construct the function mapping relationship between the echo and the target angle in beamspace. Next, by adding manifold constraints to the loss function, supervised learning is extended to semi-supervised learning, aiming to improve the small sample adaptation ability. This framework supports updating the angle estimating function with continuously increasing unlabeled samples during the FLR scanning process. The numerical simulation results show that the new technology has better performance than model-based methods and fully supervised methods, especially under limited conditions such as signal-to-noise ratio and number of training samples.
Fire-Net: Rapid Recognition of Forest Fires in UAV Remote Sensing Imagery Using Embedded Devices
Authors: Li Shouliang , Han Jiale , Chen Fanghui , Min Rudong , Yi Sixue , Yang Zhen
Published: August 2024

Forest fires pose a catastrophic threat to Earth’s ecology as well as threaten human beings. Timely and accurate monitoring of forest fires can significantly reduce potential casualties and property damage. Thus, to address the aforementioned problems, this paper proposed an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) based on a lightweight forest fire recognition model, Fire-Net, which has a multi-stage structure and incorporates cross-channel attention following the fifth stage. This is to enable the model’s ability to perceive features at various scales, particularly small-scale fire sources in wild forest scenes. Through training and testing on a real-world dataset, various lightweight convolutional neural networks were evaluated on embedded devices. The experimental outcomes indicate that Fire-Net attained an accuracy of 98.18%, a precision of 99.14%, and a recall of 98.01%, surpassing the current leading methods. Furthermore, the model showcases an average inference time of 10 milliseconds per image and operates at 86 frames per second (FPS) on embedded devices.
Impact of Lameness on Brush Use in a Loose-Housed Dairy System
Authors: Burton Yuri Ian , Blackie Nicola
Published: August 2024

This study focused on a group of 49 high-yielding dairy cows (primarily Holstein Friesians) and how their interactions with wall-mounted automated brushes correlated to their mobility (also described as lameness) score (AHDB 0–3 system. Of the 49 animals in the study, 48 were mobility scored with a sample lameness prevalence of 14.6% (n = 22 score 0, n = 19 score 1, n = 6 score 2 and n = 1 score 3 (score 2 and 3 combined due to low numbers identified)). There was no statistical difference in the number of visits between the lame (score 2 and 3) and sound cows (score 0 and 1); however, there was a statistically relevant decrease in the duration that the lame cows spent brushing per visit (sound 91.7 ± 6.06 s compared to lame 63.0 ± 9.22 s, p = 0.0097). No significant difference was identified in how the lame cows interacted with the brushes (i.e., which body part) when compared to the group. The group, in general, showed a significant preference towards interacting with the brush with their head area (63.95% of interactions observed over the 72 h involved the head). In conclusion, monitoring brush use (duration of use per visit) could aid with the identification of clinically lame animals.
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) Shortages for Treating Menopause: What Can Clinicians Do to Relieve Symptoms and Concerns?
Authors: Fait Tomas , Vrablik Michal
Published: August 2024

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is a treatment for acute climacteric syndrome, with the best effectivity. It also prevents bone loss and fractures. Ischemic heart disease prevention and cognitive function improvement have been observed with HRT, only when started early (critical window hypothesis). There is a large scale of complementary and alternative medicines for women in preference to non-hormonal treatment. Unfortunately, they do not always accompany reliable documentation of efficacy and safety from well-performed studies.
Cyber Insurance for Energy Economic Risks
Authors: Zhao Alexis Pengfei , Fei Faith Xue , Alhazmi Mohannad
Published: August 2024

The proliferation of information and communication technologies (ICTs) within smart cities has not only enhanced the capabilities and efficiencies of urban energy systems but has also introduced significant cyber threats that can compromise these systems. To mitigate the financial risks associated with cyber intrusions in smart city infrastructures, this study introduces a two-stage hierarchical planning model for ICT-integrated multi-energy systems, emphasizing the economic role of cyber insurance. By adopting cyber insurance, smart city operators can mitigate the financial impact of unforeseen cyber incidents, transferring these economic risks to the insurance provider. The proposed two-stage optimization model strategically balances the economic implications of urban energy system operations with cyber insurance coverage. This approach allows city managers to make economically informed decisions about insurance procurement in the first stage and implement cost-effective defense strategies against potential cyberattacks in the second stage. Utilizing a distributionally robust approach, the study captures the emergent and uncertain nature of cyberattacks through a moment-based ambiguity set and resolves the reformulated linear problem using a dynamic cutting plane method. This work offers a distinct perspective on managing the economic risks of cyber incidents in smart cities and provides a valuable framework for decision making regarding cyber insurance procurement, ultimately aiming to enhance the financial stability of smart city energy operations.
A Strategy for the Sustainability of Peru’s Blueberry Exports: Diversification and Competitiveness
Authors: Montes Ninaquispe Jose Carlos , Arbulú Ballesteros Marco Agustín , Cruz Salinas Luis Edgardo , García Juárez Hugo Daniel , Farfán Chilicaus Gary Christiam , Martel Acosta Rafael , Guzmán Valle María de los Ángeles , Coronel Estela Consuelo Violeta
Published: August 2024

The study examines how Peru could maintain the sustainability of its blueberry exports through market diversification and competitiveness. Using a quantitative approach, the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index (HHI) and the Balassa Index were calculated. The results showed impressive growth in key markets such as the United States, where exports grew by an average of 115.03% annually, and robust growth in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Despite these increases, the study identified a high concentration in specific markets, particularly in the United States, where the HHI ranged from 2896 to 3828 throughout the evaluated period, indicating significant dependence. Regarding the RCA, the values showed that Peru has maintained a solid comparative advantage, especially towards the United States, where the values fluctuated between 0.09 and 0.55 throughout the study, indicating specialization and efficiency in the export of blueberries to this market. The conclusions highlight that, although Peru has achieved remarkable growth in its blueberry exports and has demonstrated competitive capabilities, it faces the challenge of effectively diversifying its export markets. Recommendations include expanding the exploration of new markets and improving logistic infrastructure and agricultural practices to foster environmental sustainability, as well as adapting marketing strategies to meet the demands of emerging markets and international regulations.
Expert Survey on the Impact of Cardboard and Paper Recycling Processes, Fiber-Based Composites/Laminates and Regulations, and Their Significance for the Circular Economy and the Sustainability of the German Paper Industry
Authors: Belle Jürgen , Hirtz Daniela , Sängerlaub Sven
Published: August 2024

The European Community is striving for a sustainable society as suggested by the UN’s 2015 sustainability goals. The circular economy in the paper and packaging industry is of particular importance here because it consumes many resources. The paper industry in Germany with a fiber recycling rate of 85% in 2022 is already a pioneer and role model for other industries. All materials should be recyclable. Fiber-based composites/laminates are currently becoming increasingly important. Essential questions are: which collection systems and recycling paths should be used for fiber-based composites/laminates, and where are there currently challenges with recycling? To answer these questions, 58 questionnaires answered by German experts and practitioners in the German paper industry were evaluated. Wet-strength papers, adhesives, plastic coatings and wax dispersions were perceived as a problem by 70% of all respondents, and packaging residues by almost 40%. Additionally, 90% stated that the composition of paper for recycling changes regularly due to legislation, trends and innovations, while 60% attributed this to recent changes in legislation. For at least 80%, virgin fibers from packaging are valuable for paper recycling, but only 15% of respondents stated that virgin fibers compensate for the disadvantages of rejects. Almost 90% expected challenges with fiber-based composites/laminates in the existing paper for recycling processes. Overall, the collection and recycling of fiber-based composites/laminates in conventional paper for recycling collection and the recycling system is not desirable. An integrated collection, sorting and recycling system should be considered, especially because a further increase in fiber-based composites is to be expected. In the end, the design for recycling and following recycling guidelines are the key to the recycling industry in the future. Good recyclability of fiber-based composites/laminates would improve their acceptance by paper recyclers. Their virgin fibers are particularly valuable. The results of our study are relevant to the recycling and fiber industry, standard-setting bodies, regulatory authorities and research. The limitation of this study is that experts from the paper industry were interviewed, but the recyclability of the fiber materials was not analyzed by measurement, and the machine technology of the interviewees could not be examined and evaluated.
Comparative Analysis of Global Onshore and Offshore Wind Energy Characteristics and Potentials
Authors: Tumse Sergen , Bilgili Mehmet , Yildirim Alper , Sahin Besir
Published: August 2024

Wind energy, which generates zero emissions, is an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional electricity generation. For this reason, wind energy is a very popular topic, and there are many studies on this subject. Previous studies have often focused on onshore or offshore installations, lacking comprehensive comparisons and often not accounting for technological advancements and their impact on cost and efficiency. This study addresses these gaps by comparing onshore and offshore wind turbines worldwide in terms of installed capacity, levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), total installed cost (TIC), capacity factor (CF), turbine capacity, hub height, and rotor diameter. Results show that onshore wind power capacity constituted 98.49% in 2010, 97.23% in 2015, and 92.9% in 2022 of the world’s total cumulative installed wind power capacity. Offshore wind capacity has increased yearly due to advantages like stronger, more stable winds and easier installation of large turbine components. LCOE for onshore wind farms decreased from 0.1021 USD/kWh in 2010 to 0.0331 USD/kWh in 2021, while offshore LCOE decreased from 0.1879 USD/kWh in 2010 to 0.0752 USD/kWh in 2021. By 2050, wind energy will contribute to 35% of the global electricity production. This study overcomes previous limitations by providing a comprehensive and updated comparison that incorporates recent technological advancements and market trends to better inform future energy policies and investments.
Does CSR Improve the Quality of Economic Growth? Based on the Perspective of Green Innovation
Authors: Qu Weihua , Sun Na
Published: August 2024

Taking into consideration existing research on corporate social responsibility (CSR) and green innovation, this study categorizes green innovation into substantive and strategic types. For this study, we constructed a general equilibrium model that integrates the effects of CSR on substantive and strategic green innovation, exploring changes in emission reduction technologies caused by firms’ CSR efforts and their impact on economic growth quality. We derived the economic growth trajectory for substantive green innovation and strategic green innovation as a function of CSR. The theoretical model that we developed in this study shows that CSR can improve economic growth quality. To empirically test our theoretical model, we used data at the provincial level in China from 2013 to 2022; these empirical results are consistent with the theoretical model. In addition, robustness tests and endogeneity issues were conducted; our findings from these tests show that substantive green innovation acts as a transmission mechanism through which CSR promotes economic growth quality. Additionally, the credit preferences of financial institutions positively moderate the relationship between CSR and economic growth quality. This study provides valuable insights for firms aiming to fulfill CSR obligations and enhance their capability in substantive green innovation.
Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass into Biochar: Enhancing Adsorption Kinetics and Pore Properties for Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Jiang Tasi-Jung , Morgan Hervan Marion , Tsai Wen-Tien , Chien Herlin , Yen Tsair-Bor , Lee Yu-Ru
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the pyrolysis and adsorption properties of biochar derived from coconut shell (BC-CS), rice husk (BC-RH), and cow manure (BC-CM) under varying thermal treatment conditions. Biochar samples were produced at 800 °C with residence times ranging from 0 to 60 min. Their characteristics were analyzed using their Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, total pore volume, and pore diameter measurements. BC-CM exhibited the highest BET surface area of 263.3 m2/g and a total pore volume of 0.164 cm3/g, while BC-RH and BC-CS showed maximum BET surface areas of 220.62 m2/g and 197.38 m2/g, respectively. Nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms revealed distinct microporous and mesoporous structures, with BC-CM demonstrating superior adsorption capacity across all relative pressures. The adsorption kinetics of methylene blue (MB) were examined at initial concentrations of 1 ppm, 5 ppm, and 10 ppm, with varying biochar doses (0.1 g, 0.3 g, and 0.5 g). The results showed that the adsorption rate constant (k) decreased with higher initial MB concentrations, while the equilibrium adsorption capacity (qe) increased. BC-CM achieved the highest qe of 2.18 mg/g at 10 ppm and a 0.5 g dose, followed by BC-RH-800-45 (1.145 mg/g) and BC-CS (0.340 mg/g). The adsorption process was well described by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating chemisorption as the dominant mechanism. Increasing biochar doses improved MB removal efficiency, highlighting the dose-dependent nature of adsorption. These findings underscore the importance of optimizing pyrolysis parameters to enhance biochar’s adsorption performance and identify key factors influencing its effectiveness in environmental applications.
Spent Coffee Grounds-Based Thermoplaster System to Improve Heritage Building Energy Efficiency: A Case Study in Madonie Park in Sicily
Authors: Lombardo Luisa , Campisi Tiziana , Saeli Manfredi
Published: August 2024

This study reports on the application of an innovative plastering system that reuses organic waste, namely spent coffee grounds (SCG), to improve energy efficiency in historical buildings according to the European Green Deal. The case study was conducted in the village of Polizzi Generosa, selected from 21 small villages located in the extensive UNESCO Geopark of Madonie Park in Sicily. Over time, traditional plasters used in Madonie buildings have shown durability issues due to thermal and hygrometric stresses caused by significant temperature fluctuations in the area. Moreover, much of the considered architectural heritage lacks energy efficiency. Given the global increase in coffee production and the need for more sustainable waste management systems, this investigation proposes an ecological method to reuse SCG in plaster formulation, thereby enhancing the circular economy. To achieve this, many thermoplaster formulations were developed, and the best-performing one, considering both material and aesthetic compatibility with historical buildings, was selected for a real-world application. Additionally, virtual modeling and energy simulations were conducted to test the energy performance of a traditional building in Polizzi Generosa using SCG-based thermoplaster in comparison to traditional lime mortar and commercial alternatives. The real-world application demonstrated the technical feasibility of the process, and the energy simulations showed an improved building masonry energy performance of 0.788 W/m2K and an 11% improvement compared to traditional plaster. Results clearly indicate that SCG can be successfully reused to produce eco-friendly bio composite plasters, providing a more sustainable housing option. This approach offers a durable and cost-effective alternative for housing solutions that meet regulatory requirements for energy efficiency, serving as a smart, highly sustainable, and long-lasting choice for the construction sector. Finally, this result supports the research goal of transforming the 21 municipalities of Madonie into smart and green villages, with the “Smart Coffee-House” exemplifying intelligent rehabilitation processes of existing heritage buildings.
“But Marley Can’t Play Up Here!” Children Designing Inclusive and Sustainable Playspaces through Practitioner Research
Authors: Cologon Kathy
Published: August 2024

The present study engages early childhood teachers and educators in practitioner research as they respond to children’s concerns about justice and equity in playground accessibility and explore ideas for inclusive and sustainable playspaces. Conducted in a community-based early childhood setting in a low socioeconomic urban area in NSW, Australia, the research engaged six teachers and educators as active researchers alongside 26 children aged three to six years. Utilising a critical pedagogy framework, the present study explored how children identified and expressed concerns about the lack of playground accessibility and sustainability. Through reflective practice and engagement with Universal Design principles, children, teachers, and educators collaboratively developed ideas and recommendations for inclusive and sustainable playspaces. Findings highlight the children’s capacity for critical awareness of and advocacy for equity and justice, as well as the transformative potential of practitioner research in fostering inclusive, equitable, and sustainable pedagogy. The present study underscores the value of practitioner research with a child-led focus, drawing on critical pedagogy to create inclusive and sustainable playspaces.
Material Recycling of Plastics—A Challenge for Sustainability
Authors: Lahl Uwe , Zeschmar-Lahl Barbara
Published: August 2024

The complexity of plastic polymers and even more so of additives has increased enormously in recent years. This makes the material recycling of plastic waste considerably more difficult, especially in the case of mixed plastic waste. Some additives have now been strictly regulated or even completely banned for good reasons (‘legacy additives’). Material or mechanical recycling generally uses old plastics that still contain these substances. Consequently, products that are manufactured using such recyclates are contaminated with these harmful substances. This poses a major challenge for sustainability, as there is a conflict of objectives between protecting the health of consumers, especially vulnerable groups, conserving resources and recycling, keeping material cycles ‘clean’ and destroying pollutants, and transporting them to a safe final sink. With regard to the first objective, we recommend avoiding the use of contaminated recyclates for products with intensive contact with consumers (‘contact-sensitive products’) until further notice. We also show that the climate policy challenges for the plastics (and chemical) industry necessitate defossilization (‘feedstock change’). This turnaround can only succeed if solely closed-loop recycling takes place in the future; recyclates should primarily replace virgin plastics. For material or mechanical recycling, this means that this can only work if used plastics with a high degree of homogeneity and known formulation are collected separately, as is already the case today with PET bottles. The objective of this article is to illustrate the increasing complexity of plastic polymers and additives, especially legacy additives, which will force a legislative readjustment of todays’ material recycling.
Botulinum Toxin Type A (BoNT-A) Use for Post-Stroke Spasticity: A Multicenter Study Using Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning
Authors: Antón María Jesús , Molina Montserrat , Pérez José Gabriel , Pina Santiago , Tapiador Noemí , De La Calle Beatriz , Martínez Mónica , Ortega Paula , Ruspaggiari María Belén , Tudela Consuelo , Conejo Marta , Leno Pedro , López Marta , Marhuenda Carmen , Arias-Cabrales Carlos , Maisonobe Pascal , Herrera Alberto , Candau Ernesto
Published: August 2024

We conducted a multicenter and retrospective study to describe the use of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) to treat post-stroke spasticity (PSS). Data were extracted from free-text in electronic health records (EHRs) in five Spanish hospitals. We included adults diagnosed with PSS between January 2015 and December 2019, stratified into BoNT-A-treated and untreated groups. We used EHRead® technology, which incorporates natural language processing and machine learning, as well as SNOMED CT terminology. We analyzed demographic data, stroke characteristics, BoNT-A use patterns, and other treatments. We reviewed the EHRs of 1,233,929 patients and identified 2190 people with PSS with a median age of 69 years; in total, 52.1% were men, 70.7% had cardiovascular risk factors, and 63.2% had suffered an ischemic stroke. Among the PSS patients, 25.5% received BoNT-A at least once. The median time from stroke to spasticity onset was 205 days, and the time from stroke to the first BoNT-A injection was 364 days. The primary goal of BoNT-A treatment was pain control. Among the study cohort, rehabilitation was the most common non-pharmacological treatment (95.5%). Only 3.3% had recorded monitoring scales. In conclusion, a quarter of patients with PSS received BoNT-A mainly for pain relief, typically one year after the stroke. Early treatment, disease monitoring, and better data documentation in EHRs are crucial to improve PSS patients’ care.
Cytomegalovirus-Specific Hyperimmune Immunoglobulin Administration for Secondary Prevention after First-Trimester Maternal Primary Infection: A 13-Year Single-Center Cohort Study
Authors: Karofylakis Emmanouil , Thomas Konstantinos , Kavatha Dimitra , Galani Lamprini , Tsiodras Sotirios , Giamarellou Helen , Papaevangelou Vassiliki , Antoniadou Anastasia
Published: August 2024

Primary cytomegalovirus infection during pregnancy has a high risk of vertical transmission, with severe fetal sequelae mainly associated with first-trimester infections. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 200 IU/kg cytomegalovirus-specific hyperimmune globulin (HIG), used in first-trimester maternal primary infections for congenital infection prevention. The primary outcome was vertical transmission, defined as neonatal viruria or positive amniocentesis if pregnancy was discontinued. HIG, initially administered monthly and since 2019 biweekly, was discontinued in negative amniocentesis cases. Women declining amniocentesis and positive amniocentesis cases with normal sonography were offered monthly HIG until delivery as a treatment strategy. The total transmission rate was 29.9% (32/107; 10 pregnancy terminations with positive amniocentesis, 18 completed pregnancies with positive amniocentesis and 4 declining amniocentesis). Maternal viremia was the only factor associated with fetal transmission (OR 4.62, 95% CI 1.55–13.74). The transmission rate was not significantly different whether HIG was started during the first or second trimester (28.2% vs. 33.3%; p = 0.58), or between monthly and biweekly subgroups (25.7% vs. 37.8%, p = 0.193). Pre-treatment maternal viremia could inform decisions as a predictor of congenital infection.
Potential Effects of Hyperglycemia on SARS-CoV-2 Entry Mechanisms in Pancreatic Beta Cells
Authors: Michaels Tara M. , Essop M. Faadiel , Joseph Danzil E.
Published: August 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed a bidirectional relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and diabetes mellitus. Existing evidence strongly suggests hyperglycemia as an independent risk factor for severe COVID-19, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. Conversely, recent studies have reported new-onset diabetes following SARS-CoV-2 infection, hinting at a potential direct viral attack on pancreatic beta cells. In this review, we explore how hyperglycemia, a hallmark of diabetes, might influence SARS-CoV-2 entry and accessory proteins in pancreatic β-cells. We examine how the virus may enter and manipulate such cells, focusing on the role of the spike protein and its interaction with host receptors. Additionally, we analyze potential effects on endosomal processing and accessory proteins involved in viral infection. Our analysis suggests a complex interplay between hyperglycemia and SARS-CoV-2 in pancreatic β-cells. Understanding these mechanisms may help unlock urgent therapeutic strategies to mitigate the detrimental effects of COVID-19 in diabetic patients and unveil if the virus itself can trigger diabetes onset.
Wildlife Viruses: Impact on Human and Animal Health
Authors: Sarker Subir
Published: August 2024

In recent years, there has been a significant rise in the appearance of new viral infectious diseases among wildlife populations globally [...]
Update on Effects of the Prophylactic HPV Vaccines on HPV Type Prevalence and Cervical Pathology
Authors: Hampson Ian N. , Oliver Anthony W.
Published: August 2024

Most national prophylactic HPV vaccination programs started in approximately 2008, with either the bivalent Cervarix HPV16/18 or quadrivalent Gardasil (HPV6/11/16/18) vaccines, which were then followed by introduction of the nonavalent Gardasil 9 (HPV6/11/16/18/ 31/33/45/52/58) vaccine from 2015. Since that time, these products have demonstrated their ability to prevent infection with vaccine-covered HPV types and subsequent development of HPV-related cervical and genital pathologies. The data indicate that vaccination of young girls prior to sexual debut is more effective than vaccination of older HPV+ve women. Although some studies have shown a decline in the prevalence of vaccine-covered HPV types, there are national and regional differences in overall vaccine efficacy. Furthermore, several recently published studies show an increase in the prevalence of non-vaccine-covered HPV types in vaccinated populations, which is indicative of HPV type-replacement. It is also notable that vaccine-related changes in HPV type prevalence spread between vaccinated and unvaccinated women at the same geographical location—presumably via sexual transmission. In conclusion, it is not yet clear what effect dissemination of vaccine-associated changes in HPV type prevalence will have on vaccine efficacy and cervical pathology, particularly in mixed populations of vaccinated and unvaccinated women. However, it is very clear these observations do underscore the need for long-term continuation of cervical screening combined with regular reassessment of testing practices.
Efficacy, Safety, and Immunogenicity of Subunit Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Wu Yuhang , Lu Yuqiong , Bai Yuwei , Zhu Bingde , Chang Feng , Lu Yun
Published: August 2024

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is garnering increasing attention, with a growing number of subunit RSV vaccines under active clinical investigation. However, comprehensive evidence is limited. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search across PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov from database inception to 12 January 2024, focusing on published randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Results: A total of 17 studies were included, encompassing assessments of efficacy (5 studies), safety (17 studies), and immunogenicity (12 studies) of RSV subunit vaccines. The pooled risk ratio (RR) for RSV-associated acute respiratory infection (RSV-ARI) with subunit vaccines was 0.31 (95% CI: 0.23–0.43), for RSV-associated lower respiratory tract infection (RSV-LRTI), it was 0.32 (95% CI: 0.22–0.44), and for severe RSV-LRTI (RSV-SLRTI), it was 0.13 (95% CI: 0.06–0.29). There was no significant difference in serious adverse events (SAEs) between the vaccine and placebo groups, with a pooled RR of 1.05 (95% CI: 0.98–1.14). The pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) for the geometric mean titer (GMT) of neutralizing antibodies was 2.89 (95% CI: 2.43−3.35). Conclusion: Subunit RSV vaccines exhibit strong efficacy, favorable safety profiles, and robust immunogenicity. Future research should focus on the cost-effectiveness of various vaccines to enhance regional and national immunization strategies.
Incidence of Severe COVID-19 Outcomes and Immunization Rates in Apulian Individuals with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Bianchi Francesco Paolo , Contaldo Antonella , Polignano Maurizio Gaetano , Pisani Antonio
Published: August 2024

The etiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is not fully understood but is believed to involve a dysregulated immune response to intestinal microbiota in genetically susceptible individuals. Individuals with IBD are at increased risk of infections due to immunosuppressive treatments, comorbidities, and advanced age. Current evidence indicates that IBD patients are not at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to the general population, though the risk of severe outcomes remains debated. A retrospective observational study was conducted using Apulian regional health data from 2020 to 2022. This study included 1029 IBD patients and 3075 controls, matched by age and sex. COVID-19 incidence, hospitalization, and case fatality rates were analyzed alongside vaccination coverage. No significant differences in COVID-19 incidence (IRR = 0.97), hospitalization (p = 0.218), or lethality (p = 0.271) were evidenced between IBD patients and the general population. Vaccination rates were high in both groups, with slightly higher uptake in IBD patients. Multivariate analysis identified age and male sex as risk factors for severe COVID-19 outcomes, while vaccination significantly reduced hospitalization and lethality risks. IBD patients in Apulia do not have an increased risk of COVID-19 infection or severe outcomes compared to the general population. Vaccination is crucial in protecting IBD patients, and ongoing efforts to promote vaccination within this population are essential. Future research should focus on the impact of specific IBD treatments on COVID-19 outcomes and the long-term effectiveness of vaccines.
Variation in Interleukin-4, -6, and -10 in Mastitis Milk: Associations with Infections, Pathogens, Somatic Cell Counts, and Oxidative Stress
Authors: Chaisri Wasana , Intanon Montira , Saipinta Duanghathai , Srithanasuwan Anyaphat , Pangprasit Noppason , Jaraja Weerin , Chuasakhonwilai Areerat , Suriyasathaporn Witaya
Published: August 2024

Poor mastitis control favors intramammary infection (IMI), which always involves CNS. This study aimed to determine the relationships of IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 in mastitis milk with concurrent infection, bacterial pathogens, SCC, and MDA, an oxidative stress marker. All mastitis quarters from five smallholder dairy farms were sampled aseptically before morning milking and again before afternoon milking for bacteriological identification using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The samples with the concomitant infection between streptococci and CNS and their pairs of another sample from the quarters were selected. In addition, samples were randomly chosen to have a controlled single infection. IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 were measured with ELISA kits. MDA was measured using HPLC, while SCC was measured using Fossomatic™ FC. The results from a repeated measure analysis showed that IL-4 positively correlated with SCC, while IL-6 showed a negative trend. IL-4 levels were highest in CNS infections and significantly higher than in non-infected or mixed infections (p < 0.05). The IL-6 level of the mixed bacteria was highest and showed a different trend from non-infection, and the quarter was infected with streptococcal bacteria. In conclusion, from a single infection, the streptococci and CNS quarter showed varied immune responses, including trendily higher IL-6 and IL-4.
Construction Stability Analysis and Field Monitoring of Shallowly Buried Large-Section Tunnels in Loess Strata
Authors: Zheng Fang , Li Wenqiang , Song Zhanping , Wang Jiahui , Zhang Yuwei , Liu Naifei , Xiao Kehui , Wang Yan
Published: August 2024

Reasonable excavation step footage and lining support timing are highly important for improving tunnel construction efficiency and ensuring construction safety. Taking the Huanxian No. 1 Tunnel of the Xi-Yin railway as the basis of this study, a 3D numerical model was established using MIDAS GTS NX290 finite element software. This model was used to investigate the deformation and force characteristics of the tunnel-surrounding rock and support structures under three different excavation footages and four different lining construction timings; the numerical results were then compared with the on-site monitoring results. This research aimed to determine reasonable excavation parameters for the three-bench seven-step excavation method used in shallowly buried loess tunnels. The results revealed positive correlations between the excavation step footage and surface subsidence, crown subsidence, and clearance convergence. An excavation footage of 3 m could balance construction efficiency and safety effectively. Keeping the secondary lining construction time unchanged, the early closure of the initial support was beneficial for reducing the force on the secondary lining. Keeping the early closure time of the initial support unchanged, the early construction of the secondary lining would lead to an increase in the force on the secondary lining. The initial support of the tunnel is recommended to be closed as early as possible, and the construction of the secondary lining should be shifted by 21 m behind the upper step palm surface. By comparing the on-site monitoring data with the numerical simulation results, similar trends were observed, providing reference and guidance for the subsequent construction of large-section tunnels in shallowly buried loess formations.
Wastewater Treatment for Nutrients and Pathogens in a Demonstration-Scale Outdoor Constructed Wetland System
Authors: Hussain Syed I. , Blowes David W. , Ptacek Carol J. , Wootton Brent C. , Balch Gordon , Higgins James
Published: August 2024

A demonstration-scale outdoor constructed wetland (CW) wastewater treatment system was evaluated for about two years for its effectiveness in treating septic system effluents. The system included three treatment cells: an anaerobic cell, an aerated cell, and a basic oxygen furnace slag (BOFS)-based phosphorus (P) treatment cell. High removal efficiencies were achieved, with reductions of >99% for PO4-P, >83% for NH3-N, >99% for cBOD5, and >76% for COD, with influent concentrations averaging 6, 48, 63, and 143 mg L−1, respectively. Additionally, pathogens removal were high, with an over 99% decrease in E. coli and total coliform levels. The BOFS cell was critical, elevating effluent pH to 10.9 ± 1.5, which effectively inactivated pathogens. Environmental safety before discharge was ensured by CO2(g) sparging to adjust the pH and a zero-valent iron layer in the BOFS cell to control dissolved metal concentrations. Analytical techniques (FESEM-EDX, FTIR, and XANES) confirmed the formation of Ca carbonate and Ca phosphate on spent BOFS, highlighting their role in the treatment process. This study highlights the potential of integrating complementary technologies in constructed wetlands for sustainable and efficient wastewater management.
Multi-Objective Optimization of Urban Drainage System by Integrating Rule-Based Control with Permeable Pavement
Authors: Lu Zhengsheng , Shi Liming , Zhou Hong , Liu Jun
Published: August 2024

This study integrated rule-based control (RBC) and permeable pavements to assess the combined effectiveness in reducing the combined sewer overflow (CSO) and energy consumption of the urban drainage system (UDS). Non-dominated sorting was employed to identify the optimal RBC preset parameters under varying rainfall intensities and permeable pavement installation proportion. Cost-effectiveness was calculated for different RBC parameters and permeable pavement installation scenarios. The contribution of installing permeable pavements in each sub-catchment to the cost-effectiveness was quantified using frequency statistics. The combined effectiveness of the RBC and LID achieved maximum reduction rates of 51.12% to 72.46% in the CSO volume and 14.75% to 33.89% in energy consumption across return periods from 2-year to 20-year. The key findings were as follows: (1) Optimization of the RBC preset parameters can reduce the CSO volume and energy consumption, but the effectiveness is limited by the capacity of the UDS. (2) In the UDS, the permeable pavement installation area and return periods of design rainfall significantly impact the optimization of RBC. (3) The impact of the RBC parameters on the cost-effectiveness of installing permeable pavements in each sub-catchment is minimal. (4) The cost-effectiveness of installing permeable pavement varies across different sub-catchments.
Efecto de la dieta con compuestos bioactivos de origen vegetal en las respuestas fisiológicas y tisulares de la carpa común (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Sayed-Lafi Raad M. , M. Sultan Fatima A. , Al-Tameemi Riyadh A.
Published: August 2024

El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar algunas respuestas fisiológicas a la influencia del epicarpio crudo (cascara) de la granada (Punica granatum) (RPP) y su extracto alcohólico (PPE) en parámetros hematológicos, respuestas inmunológicas y antioxidantes, junto con su examen histológico en alevines de carpa común (Cyprinus carpio) (13,5 ± 0,1 g). Los tratamientos incluyeron dos concentraciones de RPP y PPE (testigo, 0,5 y 1 mg·kg-1 de dieta) en la dieta comercial (~35% de proteína) durante 70 días. Al final del experimento, todos los peces fueron anestesiados para realizar mediciones morfométricas y toma de muestras de sangre. Se observaron aumentos significativos en la hemoglobina (HGB), hematocritos (Hct) y glóbulos rojos (RBCs) en los peces alimentados con RPP y PPE en la dieta (P<0,05). La efectividad de la lisozima mejoró significativamente en todas las dietas que contenían PPE en comparación con el testigo (P<0,05). Se observó una mejora en la actividad de la catalasa y la glutatión peroxidasa (GPx) (P<0,05). El examen histológico mostró un hígado normal con vacuolas lipídicas. El presente estudio revela una mejora general en la sangre, la respuesta inmune, el estado antioxidante y el mantenimiento de la eficiencia hepática con PPE en la dieta.
Análisis de las tecnologías para el tratamiento de aguas residuales: Una revisión bibliográfica
Authors: Jiménez Tamayo Fabiola Maribel , Moreno López Joana Alexandra , Encalada Zumba Mónica Cecibel , Vargas Peralvo Evelyn Alejandra
Published: August 2024

Un manejo eficaz de los efluentes generados por la actividad resulta fundamental para proteger la salud pública y conservar el medio ambiente, especialmente cuando 2.400 millones de personas aún carecen de acceso a servicios sanitarios esenciales. La contaminación de los recursos hídricos en Latinoamérica amenaza la biodiversidad y la salud, haciendo esencial el tratamiento eficiente y sostenible de aguas negras para enfrentar la creciente demanda de agua potable y cumplir con regulaciones ambientales más estrictas. El objetivo fue identificar las principales tecnologías desarrolladas para el tratamiento de aguas residuales. La revisión bibliográfica se realizó mediante la metodología PRISMA, la cual, constó de cuatro etapas: identificación, selección, elegibilidad e inclusión. Se identificaron métodos físicos, mecánicos, bilógicos, químicos y avanzados para el tratamiento de aguas residuales. Se enfatizó la efectividad de los métodos biológicos, como lodos activados y humedales construidos, para eliminar la materia orgánica, alcanzando eficiencias superiores al 80% en aguas domésticas y hasta 88% en efluentes industriales. También se destacó la utilidad de procesos físico-químicos en la eliminación de compuestos específicos. Se concluye que la combinación de tecnologías en sistemas híbridos es esencial para un tratamiento integral y se señala la emergencia de membranas, como la nanofiltración y ultrafiltración, para la eliminación selectiva de contaminantes. Además, se subraya la tendencia hacia el uso de procesos sostenibles, que incluyen el aprovechamiento de residuos como materiales de tratamiento, la generación de subproductos útiles y la reducción del consumo energético.
Improving discharge summaries from hospital with a brief recommendation text box: results from a nationwide survey
Authors: Mikkelsen Thorbjørn H , Nielsen Jesper B , Storsveen Maria M , Søndergaard Jens
Published: August 2024

Background

Danish hospital physicians are obliged to mark discharge summaries addressing whether the GP is recommended to follow up the patient, as well as stating suggested follow-up actions in a recommendation text box.

Aim

To investigate GPs’ experiences with the recommendation text box in discharge summaries.

Design & setting

A questionnaire was sent to a representative sample of GPs in Denmark in January 2021.

Method

A questionnaire was prepared for GPs based on background material, focus group interviews, and discussions with GPs and hospital physicians. It was subsequently pilot-tested by fellow researchers and GPs, and revised before the survey.

Results

Seventy-two per cent of the GPs surveyed ‘totally agree' or 'partly agree’ that the recommendation text box is easy to find. In addition, our results show significant differences on how difficult the recommendation box is to find on different software. Sixty-three per cent ‘totally agree’ or ‘partly agree’ that the recommendation text box provides brief and precise information about the recommended follow-up.

Conclusion

GPs generally find that the recommendation text box provides them with brief and precise information about the recommended follow-up. In addition, the software used by the GPs has a significant influence on how the recommendation text box is to find.
Overview of approaches to obtaining energy from heat including ground-based installation
Authors: Ganev E. ,   Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria, Panyovska S. , Stefanova K.
Published: August 2024

Climate changes resulting from the excessive use of fossil fuels and the consequences of their extraction from the earth's bowels motivate the scientific community to develop new concepts for efficient energy management, limiting damage to nature. The present mini-review is motivated by the fact that the last decade has seen significant progress related to the development of reviews, analyses, assumptions, comparisons, research, technological solutions, mathematical models and optimization of supply chains by researchers who consider the problem related to energy efficiency in its various aspects and from different perspectives. Good scientific practice is the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling techniques, which can easily and quickly simulate the paths and movements of the various flows, to achieve the above-described objectives. The mini-review aims to review approaches to obtaining electrical energy through heat, including ground-based installations. An original scheme for the production of biogas with geothermal storage with application for greenhouses is presented.
Reabsorção intracoronária pré-eruptiva: revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Matos Ester Ferreira , Gomes Janaína Cristina , Lima Laura Jordana Santos , Soares Maria Eliza da Consolação
Published: August 2024

Reabsorção intracoronária pré-eruptiva (RIPE) é caracterizada como uma lesão com aspecto radiográfico radiolúcido, bem circunscrita, localizada próximo a junção amelodentinária de dentes não irrompidos na cavidade bucal. Geralmente, é diagnosticada por meio de radiografias odontológicas de rotina, possui caráter assintomático e rápida progressão após a irrupção. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi revisar e sintetizar os estudos indexados na plataforma PubMed sobre a RIPE. A busca foi realizada por dois revisores independentes e não houve limitação de data de publicação, idioma e desenho de estudo. Artigos pré-selecionados foram triados através da leitura de títulos e resumos e posteriormente pela leitura dos textos na íntegra.  A busca inicial resultou em 37 estudos identificados. Após a leitura de títulos e resumos, três foram excluídos por não cumprirem os critérios de elegibilidade. Restaram então, 34 artigos para leitura do texto na íntegra. Desses, 4 foram excluídos, pois os textos completos não foram localizados. Assim, 30 estudos foram incluídos para análise na presente revisão. Os estudos sobre RIPE ainda são escassos e a maioria são relatos de caso. Os fatores etiológicos não são totalmente estabelecidos e parece haver uma maior prevalência em indivíduos do sexo feminino, com maior acometimento em dentes mandibulares permanentes. A maioria das lesões são identificadas na fase de dentição mista por radiografias de rotina e o tratamento depende da extensão e momento diagnóstico quanto à erupção dentária.