bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automatic item generation for online measurement and evaluation: Turkish literature items
Authors: SAYIN Ayfer , GIERL Mark J.
Published: June 2023

Developments in the field of education have significantly affected test development processes, and computer-based test applications have been started in many institutions. In our country, research on the application of measurement and evaluation tools in the computer environment for use with distance education is gaining momentum. A large pool of items is required for computer-based testing applications that provide significant advantages to practitioners and test takers. Preparing a large pool of items also requires more effort in terms of time, effort, and cost. To overcome this problem, automatic item generation has been widely used by bringing together item development subject matter experts and computer technology. In the present research, the steps for implementing automatic item generation are explained through an example. In the research, which was based on the fundamental research method, first a total of 2560 items were generated using computer technology and SMEs in field of Turkish literature. In the second stage, 60 randomly selected items were examined. As a result of the research, it was determined that a large item pool could be created to be used in online measurement and evaluation applications using automatic item generation.
The development of a scale of self-efficacy to work on forgiveness in counseling
Authors: VURAL BATIK Meryem , ÖRS ÖZDİL Selda , AFYONKALE TALAY Necla
Published: June 2023

It is said that working on forgiveness in psychological counseling will significantly benefit the individual, taking into account the good consequences of forgiving on the individual. This study aimed to develop a measurement tool for determining self-efficacy to work on forgiveness in counseling (SSWOFIC). The most commonly regarded forgiveness process model, Enright's Forgiveness Process Model, served as the foundation for the creation of this measurement tool. 285 counselors provided information for the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and 258 counselors provided information for the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). For the content validity of the scale, eight specialists were contacted. EFA revealed a single factor structure with 41 items that accounted for 61.7% of the overall variation. It was found that all of the SSWOFIC's items were discriminative and had a high level of factor loading value in the pertinent factor. To ascertain if the structure identified by EFA was confirmed or not, CFA was carried out. The one-factor structure was confirmed, as evidenced by the resulting model's fit indices. The computed Cronbach's Alpha and McDonald's Omega reliability coefficients were 0.99, and the Split-Half method's results for the Guttman and Spearman-Brown coefficients were 0.96. The SSWOFIC results demonstrated the validity and reliability of the scale, which consists of a single component and 41 items. The established scale will make it possible to conduct studies to ascertain the level of self-efficacy of psychological counselors with regard to this matter and to examine this feature in terms of other variables.
The internal control model of Islamic Boarding School Salafiyah Syafi’iyah
Authors: Wardayati Siti Maria , Gunarianto Gunarianto , Mujib Abd.
Published: June 2023

Purpose - This research aims to find out the typical internal control practices rooted in the Salafiyah Syafi'iyah Sukorejo Islamic Boarding School (SSSIBS) and is offered to be a new model of internal control characterized with the unique values of the Islamic Institution (II).Method - This research uses a qualitative approach. The data are collected through observation, documentation, and interviews. These data collection techniques are carried out in two stages with 18 informants considered having sufficient experience in their departments, and good understanding of the research context.Result - The results found that the main element of the uniqueness of the SSSIBS is the spiritual value that underlies all activities in the II. In the element of spirituality, there are 4 categories, namely 1) the belief and attitude category, 2) practice category, 3) management category, and 4) IBS heritage category. All of these elements are bound as spiritual and become an effective fortress for the II in carrying out all its activities, and are known as Spiritual-based Internal Control.Implication - This research relates to leadership awareness on the importance of internal control to achieve the entity's goals, by constantly evaluating the understanding and implementation, and aligning them with spiritual values that characterize Islamic Institution.Originality - This research is the first study that reveals a new model of internal control in the SSSIBS.
Taxation policy and regulation efficiency on increasing zakat collection: countries comparison analysis
Authors: Athief Fauzul Hanif Noor , Rachman Mohammad Aulia , Rizki Darlin , Hakim Lukmanul , Mohd Noh Mohd Shahid Bin
Published: June 2023

Purpose - This study investigated the policies over countries, specifically concerning the taxation in its regard with the zakat collection. The aim is to see whether making zakat compulsory helps solving zakat collection problem or not.Method - The study used a descriptive analysis model with a qualitative approach.  The range of data collected in 2006-2017 came from nine countries, namely Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Sudan, Jordan, Brunei Darussalam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Pakistan.Result - The results of this study indicate that Sudan, Brunei Darussalam, Singapore and Pakistan follow a mandatory approach while Malaysia, Kuwait, Indonesia, Jordan and Saudi Arabia follow a voluntary approach.  It was also found that a mandatory approach attracted more zakat collection as indicated by the zakat collection ratio.Implication - Pointing out that mandating zakat by imposing it through regulations helps collect more zakat payments.Originality - This research specifically contributes to studying the tax system in various countries to stimulate the collection of zakat by using a comparative study.
Use of insurance by Russian enterprises to offset the risks associated with the financial consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Tsyganov Alexander , Bryzgalov Denis ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Published: June 2023

The article examines the emergence of new insurance interests in Russia related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Research methods: empirical research methods — selective market research, general theoretical methods — analysis, synthesis, comparison and generalization. Research hypothesis is so that in Russia, specialized insurance services have appeared, are used, but have not found wide distribution, designed to compensate for the financial risks of a pandemic. The weak use of insurance as a way to protect against the risks of the financial consequences of the pandemic in the Russian economy is due not only to the level of knowledge about insurance, but also to the desire of Russian entrepreneurs to receive state rather than private protection and support. The purpose of the research is to study the preferences of enterprises when choosing mechanisms for compensating the risks of activities in a pandemic, to identify changes in insurance interests, options for their satisfaction and the prevalence of the use of insurance contracts, to identify the priority of obtaining public state support or insurance protection that takes into account the specific interests of the entrepreneur. In summary, the results of a market research of consumer preferences of enterprises in relation to insurance programs as a mechanism for compensating for the damage of the risks of a “coronavirus” infection are presented, the main insurance products, the level of use and factors preventing an increase in the level of insurance are highlighted. It has been proved that there is a significant proportion of enterprises using insurance to minimize the financial consequences of the pandemic, in the context of the prevalence of the paternalistic model of behavior of the owners and management of enterprises in terms of the formation of financial reserves in the context of the coronavirus infection, which leads to a pronounced priority of state financial support over the private form of financial support for enterprises. Taking into account the results obtained, recommendations were formulated for the development of insurance as a private form of support for enterprises in the context of coronavirus infection, allowing to take into account the peculiarities of the paternalistic behavior of the owners and management of enterprises in terms of compensating for “coronavirus” risks.
Urban regimes and socially significant projects of the urban environment transformation in the Russian Federation
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Axenov Konstantin E. , Galustov Kirill A. ,   St. Petersburg State University,   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia,   North-West Institute of Management — Branch of RANEPA
Published: June 2023

The authors of the article aim to identify the principles and patterns of mutual influence of socially significant projects of transformation of the urban environment and urban regimes in the Russian Federation. Clarence Stone's concept of urban regimes is used as a theoretical framework. Based on the author's system of criteria of social significance, 6 projects of urban environment transformation in 4 cities were selected and analyzed: Okhta Center and Tuchkov Buyan in St. Petersburg, Zaryadye Park and the development of fields of the Timiryazev Academy in Moscow, St. Catherine's Church in Yekaterinburg and concreting of the embankments of the river Vologda in Vologda. If the initial phase of all projects took place in the realities of local urban growth regimes, with the predominance of the interests of the established coalitions of business and government, then the subsequent increase in the role of public activism in all projects and the change of goal-setting under its influence led to a change in the local urban regime during their implementation. It is shown that in five studied cases, during the implementation of projects, there was a transition of local urban regimes from “growth” to “progressive”, and in one – from “growth” to a greater extent towards the “status quo” regime. The general principles and patterns of mutual influence of socially significant transformation projects and urban regimes in the Russian Federation are identified and described: competitive public interaction of all types of actors; change or relocation of the project as a spatial way of conflict resolution; the prevailing shift from the realization of the interests of government and business in favor of society; involvement of paternalistic tools as a way to achieve consensus. Such conditions of mutual influence of socially significant projects and urban regimes can develop in a certain period in any major Russian city, then we can expect in it similar to the described results of space transformation. The results of the study clearly demonstrate the beginning of the process of local transformation of the dominant urban regimes in the Russian Federation.
Upper Devonian environments and ostracods biofacies of the Kuznetsk Basin
Authors:   A. A. Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of RAS, Popov Boris M. , Saraev Stanislav V. ,   A. A. Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of RAS, Ganashilin Alexander S. ,   A. A. Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of RAS
Published: June 2023

The volcanogenic-carbonate-terrigenous Upper Devonian complex of deposits of the margin of the Kuznetsk Basin has been studied. The results of the studying of sedimentological processes, the composition of sedimentary rocks, the specifics of the petrographic composition of impurity pyroclastic material, make it possible to reconstruct the sedimentation conditions here in the Late Devonian. The predominance as an impurity and sometimes as the main component in sedimentary rocks of andesitic fine pyroclastics with a lower value of acidic and basic volcanic components has been established. From the Late Givetian — Early Frasnian to Famenmian, an uneven increase in the content of acid pyroclastics occurs in the rocks. The studied sections relate to the vast shelf and continental slope of the Siberian paleocontinent. The western direction of the paleoslope is determined. The studied sediments belong to the slope and basin type, they are represented by fine-grained tephroid and volcanomictic sandstones, fine-detrite limestones, olistostromes and slope landslide breccias, turbidites and rarer turbidite canalites, peculiar “conglomerate limestones” (paleoseismites). The composition of pyroclastics and volcanoclastics in sedimentary rocks indicates the manifestation of andesitic volcanism synchronously with sedimentation and the existence of paleogeodynamic conditions corresponding to the active continental margin possibly of the Andean type in the Late Devonian in the studied area. Based on the data obtained as a result of quantitative calculation of the generic composition of the ostracod associations from the studied sections of the Middle (upper part) and Upper Devonian within three structural-facies subdistricts of the margin of the Kuznetsk Basin, the analysis of ostracods was carried out. The features of the biofacial distribution of ostracods allowed us to identify 10 associations and establish their matching with certain parts of the basin from the Late Givetian to the Late Famennian time. The influence of volcanism on the composition of ostracod associations is traced, the appearance of pyroclastics in rocks reduces the taxonomic diversity of ostracod associations and quantitative composition. Variations in the taxonomic composition of ostracod associations correlate well with trends in T-R cycles, the genus is Bairdia is dominant during transgression.
Conditions of formation and sources of fluids of the birthplace of barren residential quartz of hydrothermal-metamorphogenic-metasomatic and hydrothermal-metamorphogenic genesis (Middle and South Urals)
Authors:   South Ural Federal Scientific Center for Mineralogy and Geoecology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (South Urals Federal Research Center of Mineralogy and Geoecology UB RAS), Korekina Maria A. , Savichev Alexander N. ,   South Ural Federal Scientific Center for Mineralogy and Geoecology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (South Urals Federal Research Center of Mineralogy and Geoecology UB RAS)
Published: June 2023

The paper considers the conditions of quartz formation of hydrothermal-metamorphogenic-metasomatic and hydrothermal-metamorphogenic genesis of deposits and manifestations of the Middle and Southern Urals based on the study of fluid inclusions by methods of thermobarogeochemistry, ion and gas chromatography. It is established that the studied quartz objects are formed in a wide temperature range, against the background of insignificant differences in pressure values. It is shown that the temperatures of mineral formation in deposits of hydrothermal-metamorphogenic-metasomatic genesis vary from 440-230 ° C at a pressure of 1.2-1.4 kbar. The formation of these veins occurred with the participation of K-Mg-Fe-chloride fluid with a salinity of 1.2-8.7 wt. % NaCl-eq., depleted Mg and Fe due to the deposition of magnesia-ferruginous carbonates. A typomorphic feature of hydrothermal-metamorphogenic-metasomatic quartz is the high values of boron associated with the placement of quartz veins among pegmatoids and the presence of boron-containing mineral inclusions on quartz-vein objects. Veins of hydrothermal-metamorphogenic genesis were formed when the crack system was filled with quartz with the participation of a substantially K-Na chloride fluid (0.2-15.5 wt. % NaCl-eq.), at homogenization temperatures of 435-335 ° C and a pressure of 1.3-2.3 kbar. In the composition of fluid inclusions of hydrothermal-metamorphogenic-metasomatic quartz, the sum of "harmful" components (H2O, CO2, CH4, Cl, B, Na, K, Mg and Li) is less than in hydrothermal-metamorphogenic quartz. The studied quartz deposits and veins were formed in the range of temperatures and pressures not higher than the green shale stage during several successive stages: the formation of quartz veins – in a more high-temperature hydrothermal stage, while subsequent changes in quartz veins occurred under the influence of metamorphism processes, with a decrease in temperature. Subsequent changes are associated with the appearance of fracturing, cataclysm and recrystallization of quartz bodies with a decrease in grain size.
Socio-spatial Aspects Contributing to the Spread of COVID-19 in Yogyakarta Province (Indonesia)
Authors:   Department of Architecture and Planning, Gadjah Mada University, Pramono R. Widodo D. , Putri Ramadhani N. ,   Department of Architecture and Planning, Gadjah Mada University
Published: June 2023

In the early pandemic, the positive cases of COVID-19 predominately occurred in the big cities in Indonesia. However, the virus spread rapidly and extensively across the cities and districts. This shows that the COVID-19 pandemic is limited to urban areas and has spread widely to more remote area This study aims to investigate the correlation between socio-economic characteristics against the spread of confirmed COVID-19 cases. In this study, we collected data from residents with confirmed positive for COVID-19 and their socio-economic profiles in 78 subdistricts in the Special Region of Yogyakarta province, Indonesia. The collected data were statistically analyzed in three sequential steps, including a correlation test, classic assumption test (e.g., normality test, homoscedasticity test, and non-multicollinearity test), and multiple regression test to determine the correlation between the COVID-19-infected population and the socio-economic data in each subdistrict (as dependent variables). The results demonstrated that regions with more urban character, particularly socio-economic, were more susceptible to COVID-19 infection during the first year of the pandemic. However, the socio-spatial aspects such as population density as one of the requirements for the "compact cities" and the proportion of built-up land area were not contributing factors to the viral transmission. Socio-spatial aspects may influence the risk of virus transmission, but not as significantly as social factors and human behavior in an area. Therefore, efforts to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 virus must be more focused on social factors and human behavior.
Industrial marketing in the context of innovation development: Review and research agenda
Authors:   Graduate School of Business, HSE University, Solovyov Ivan V.
Published: June 2023

Goal: to outline the structure of the research discussion on innovation industrial networks; to determine the state of the discussion regarding the participation of various actors in innovation networks at various stages of the innovation process; to identify fundamental works on this topic and to form the agenda for future research. Methodology: the study was conducted using two bibliometric approaches: keyword analysis and co-citation analysis using the Scopus database; also manual coding of 116 documents was used in order to identify “hot topics” and emerging topics (little-studied). Findings: five key areas of research were proposed, dividing the broad topic into narrower and more specific areas; the core of the most authoritative research in the field was proposed, demonstrating the implicit fusion of two disciplines: industrial marketing and innovation management. Originality and contribution of the author: The article presents the first bibliometric analysis of the existing literature in the studied area with a focus on the structural units of the network (actors) at various stages of the innovation process. The study makes a significant contribution to clarifying the interdisciplinary nature of the study of relationships between actors for innovation. The existing and emerging (little-studied) trends in research are highlighted.
Economic policy uncertainty under the conditions of sanctions: Impact on the Russian companies’ cash holdings
Authors:   International Laboratory of Intangible-Driven Economy, HSE University, Naidenova Iuliia N. , Shalaeva Ekaterina V. ,   Master programs school, HSE University
Published: June 2023

Goal: to analyze the impact of economic policy uncertainty on cash holdings of Russian manufacturing companies and the factors that moderate this impact, taking into account sanctions restrictions. Methodology: during the study, regression models were evaluated based on data from more than 1 400 Russian manufacturing companies for the period 2014–2020, using the least square method on the transformed data (within estimators). Findings: it was found that the uncertainty of economic policy leads to an increase in cash holdings, which means a decrease in the level of investment in the development of the company and payments to owners, while this effect is stronger for companies subject to sanctions and companies without state participation, while large companies are less sensitive to policy uncertainty than medium-sized enterprises. Originality and contribution of the authors: the study for the first time examined the impact of economic policy uncertainty on cash holdings of Russian companies, taking into account the imposed sanctions.
Board of directors characteristics: How they are related to ESG rankings and value of Russian companies
Authors:   School of Finance, HSE University, Makeeva Elena Yu. , Popov Konstantin A. ,   Research Intern, Corporate Finance Center, HSE University, Dikhtyar Anna A. ,   Industrial Development Fund, Sudakova Anastasia V. ,   Corporate Finance Center, HSE University
Published: June 2023

Goal: the goal of this paper is to determine effects of board of directors characteristics on corporate value creation, taking into account ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) principles. Methodology: the methodological tool applied in this study is an econometric analysis of panel data for 48 Russian non-financial public companies with ESG score provided by Thomson Reuters Eikon in the period from 2015 to 2020. Findings: we have found a non-linear impact of board size on ESG performance, and significant positive impact of board independence on both ESG performance and firm market value. We also find that higher board gender diversity leads to higher corporate ESG score and market value, while higher share of foreign directors does not affect significantly these indicators of performance of Russian companies. Board sustainability committee enhances both corporate ESG performance and market value, board strategy committee contributes to ESG score’s increase as well. Originality and contribution of the authors: our study contributes to the development of academic literature devoted to corporate governance effects on firm’s performance on understudied market, in the context of growing demand for corporate sustainability. Application of our findings will allow to formulate the best practices of corporate governance for market value creation of Russian companies basing on ESG principles.
Consumer behaviour towards Russian brands of foreign FMCG companies
Authors:   St. Petersburg School of Economics and Management, HSE University, Nazarova Varvara V. , Churakova Iya Yu. ,   St. Petersburg School of Economics and Management, HSE University, Kurilov Bogdan N. ,   St. Petersburg School of Economics and Management, HSE University, Titova Daria D. ,   St. Petersburg School of Economics and Management, HSE University
Published: June 2023

Goal: this study aims to explore the existent theoretical concepts that may explain the behavioural response of consumers in relation to various cross-categorical fast-moving consumer goods brands that constitute brand portfolios of international FMCG corporations. Namely, these concepts include the halo error, foreign-local bias, country-of-origin effects. The research grasps if changes in the consumer attitude exist when it comes to misidentification of brands by country of origin (the outcome from foreign-local bias), which is resulted by the occurrence of halo effect. Methodology: the research suggests quantitative methodology to explore the customer viewpoints. The data was collected through online structured interviews with ordinary visitors of grocery shopping malls, analysed and interpreted under the structural equation modelling statistical technique. Findings: from the customer standpoint, the research suggests that Russian consumer experience halo effect from the pseudo-local FMCG brands. Besides, this cognitive bias is shown to be positively related with the age of consumers, meaning that the older consumers are exposed to experience halo effect. The misidentification of FMCG brands by country of origin is directly influenced by the occurrence of halo effect among domestic consumers, but is not shown to drive their subconscious orientation towards pseudo-local FMCG brands. Originality and contribution the authors: the research helps to identify the system of relationships that could explain the consumers’ subjective orientation towards pseudo-local FMCG brands. As not all the hypothesised paths being supported by the data, the significant relationships on consumers’ attitudes are identified.
Information and communication technologies in the management of fixed assets of the enter-prise
Authors:   Institute of Law and Management, Khlynin Eduard V. , Korovkina Natalia I. ,   Institute of Law and Management
Published: June 2023

Goal: substantiation of the demand for external and internal information and communication technologies and the formation of an organizational and economic mechanism for managing the company's fixed assets, which provide more effective interaction in the “man — means of labor” system. Methodology: the use of theoretical and methodological apparatus for building an organizational and economic mechanism for managing fixed assets of an enterprise based on the application of integrated and systematic approaches in information and communication technologies. Findings: methods of assessing the level of development of information and communication technologies based on the construction of chains of the same and different-quality elements of the structure have been developed; a method of comparing time indicators designed to establish the level of need, security, use and development of information and communication technologies has been proposed. Originality and contribution of the authors: the concept of complexity of the created chain of elements of the structure of information and communication technologies is introduced into consideration, the value of which depends on the complexity of each element involved in its formation; methods for assessing the level of development of information and communication technologies are developed; the most preferred values for the need, security and use of information and communication technologies are established.
V. T. Georgievsky on preservation of religious heritage: The report from 1917
Authors:   Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ananiev Vitaly Gennadievitch
Published: June 2023

The article is devoted to the problem of preservation of religious heritage in Russia in 1917. The focus of the attention is a report on this topic, prepared by a prominent expert in the field of medieval Russian art V. T. Georgievsky (1861–1923). The report was prepared as part of the works of the Commission on the creation of the Ministry of Arts, organized with the active participation of the Institute of Art History (Petrograd). The article analyzes the relationship of V. T. Georgievsky with this Institute and his participation in the development of measures to protect religious heritage at the turn of the 19th – 20th centuries. In his report V. T. Georgievsky gives a detailed description of the history of the protection of church heritage in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century, the measures that were proposed and implemented in this area. The author of the report characterizes not only the results of these measures, but also the circumstances of their discussion and implementation. He also lists the most significant collections of ecclesiastical objects from the late imperial period. This is important for understanding what the network of such meetings was like on the eve of revolutionary upheavals. Finally, at the end of the report, he proposes some measures aimed at improving the protection of church heritage in Russia. This part of the report is succinct, but it is of particular importance. The main idea of V. T. Georgievsky is the centralization of the protection of monuments throughout the country. This is important for understanding the connection between the projects of the late imperial period and the policy in the field of monument protection and museum works in the early Soviet period. For the first time, the full text of the report from the archival fund of the Institute is published.
About indications and characters of changes in Cyrillic writing in the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania at the turn of the 14th and 15th centuries
Authors: Grusha Aleksandr Ivanovich
Published: June 2023

The article proves that such properties of writing as its ability to develop, the formation of an attitude to consistent compliance with the requirements of rational optimization in the further search of acceptable forms, dialogicity, allow us to determine the facts that paleographers have been trying to find for a long time: about the connection of writing with “socio-economic and political processes”. The metamorphoses of writing that took place in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania at the turn of the XIV and XV centuries should be put on a par with the changes in social and political order in this state. The society of this time was retreating from traditions and opening up to innovations. In such an action as the transition to cursive writing, you can see the “trigger” mechanism of all further changes associated with the constitution of this graphic type of writing. This mechanism is the “emancipation” of writing, which opened up a wide space for him to maneuver, search and develop. The following assumption is made. The system-forming processes in writing are not self-sufficient; they are closely related to changes in the configurations of society, authority and culture, under the influence of the same factors and causes.
Variation of the script in the East-Slavonic manuscripts of the 15th – 16th centuries
Authors:   Manuscript Department, Russian Academy of Sciences Library, Korogodina Maria Vladimirovna
Published: June 2023

The scripts of the East-Slavonic manuscripts modify significantly in the 15th and 16th centuries. New types of scripts and styles of handwriting are appeared in that time. The multiplicity of the patterns makes up many scribes to master several styles of handwriting and to vary them depending on their goals. They often use another style of handwriting for the scribe’s note. It allows a scribe to differ the main text from the information about him. Various styles of handwriting, belonged to the same scribe, were used for coding different types of text and different genres. It led to the forming in the 16th century of the close connection of the style of the script not only with the genre of the book, but with its destination also. So appearance of new styles of scripts and variation of them testifies about shifts in the attitude to the culture heritage in East-Slavonic region. The ability of scribes to write in various handwritten styles poses the question of attribution of handwriting to researchers. Currently, there is no methodology for solving this applied problem. To date, studies of the functions and structure of the scribal manner, its relationship with the genre and purpose of the text are more promising. For example, to create a book the copyist takes into account the height of the line, its ratio to the proportions of the sheet, the mirror of the text, the width of the margins and even the thickness of this book. It is important not only the time and region of the appearance of new handwriting, but also their transition to those handwritten books whose writing had previously been standardized. Any changes in the design and appearance of the book – for example, the use of unusually small and dense handwriting, the appearance of pocket books that are copied into an eighth part of a sheet – speak of new functions of the book and the formation of new traditions.
Peasant writing of the beginning of the 16th century: Based on the materials of the acts of the Antoniev-Siya Monastery
Authors:   St. Petersburg Institute of History, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vovina Varvara Gelievna
Published: June 2023

The Archive of St. Petersburg Institute of Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the fund of the Antoniev-Siya Monastery has preserved a collection of peasant acts of the 16th century. Its value lies in the fact that in some cases the participants in the transaction themselves acted as scribes. This makes it possible to assess the degree of literacy and writing skills of those persons for whom writing was not familiar, and even more so, the main occupation. We can see folk writing, try to answer the question of how literacy and writing skills were connected with the lifestyle and activities of the participant in the transaction, with level of well-being. We also have the opportunity to compare styles and methods of folk writing with those that demonstrate acts where local church «dyachki» acted as scribes. 20 acts were selected for the study, which date to the time before the beginning of the 1520s. In most cases, they showed little difference in writing style compared to peasants. In the same fund there are acts sent from the voivodship office, as well as from Moscow. It should be understood to what extent these acts, in terms of design and manner of writing, could be perceived as models of office work for volost’ worlds in the person of their competent representatives. On the materials of the fund of the Antoniev-Siya Monastery, it is possible to build a number of levels of act writing, characteristic of the Russian North in the 16th century.
Inventing the National: The Art of Estonia in the 1880s-2000s
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Martynova Daria Olegovna
Published: June 2023

In the article, the author analyzes the visual strategies of the representation of the concept of «national» in the art of Estonia in the late XIXth-early XXIst century. Analyzing the socio-cultural discourses in Estonian art, the author comes to the conclusion that the initial «identity crisis» of Estonians associated with the Baltic-Scandinavian, Baltic-German and Soviet periods formed the basis of artistic strategies and practices of all Estonian art. Attempts to identify specifically Estonian features in art and culture led to the fact that artists rejected part of the historical and cultural experience of the nation: for example, at the beginning of the twentieth century, «Young Estonia» («Noor Eesti») rejected the line of «national romanticism» by Kristjan Raud, and in the 1990s, young artists (Liina Siib and Mare Tralla) denied the Soviet past, creating ironic, repulsive works on this topic. This has led to the fact that over the past twenty years, museum and curatorial strategies in the Baltic States have been aimed at actively searching for their own identity and national and ethnic identity. However, the ambivalence of the perception of the «national» is also reflected in the exhibitions of modern Estonia: asking a question about the purely «national» in Estonian art, curators get into a certain theoretical and visual dead end, since it is impossible to separate Estonian art of any period from foreign and Soviet discourses. As a result, it is difficult to identify the «specifically Estonian», «Baltic» cultural identity, that is, the national characteristics of visual images. In this regard, the concept of the so-called «national» is still acute in contemporary art in Estonia.
The United Artistic and Historical Comission and its role in the Anatoly Lunacharsky’s plans of organization of the central department for protection of historical and cultural heritage (January – early February 1918)
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Smirnova Irina Nikolayevna , Sokolov Roman Aleksandrovich ,   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia
Published: June 2023

The article analyzes the situation of the protection of historical and cultural heritage in the end of 1917 – beginning of 1918 in Petrograd. After the October Revolution Anatoly Lunacharsky (the people’s commissar for education) decided to organize the central department for protection of historical and cultural heritage of Russia. This project was previously discussed by the Provisional Government. After the October Revolution it became even more current question. On the one hand it was the time of the building on completely new principles of state administration, and on the other, it was the time of general instability and in fact the outbreak of civil war. Responsibility for the safety of such artifacts (among them museum collections were the most important), which lay with the Bolsheviks, could be used as a weighty argument in the fight against numerous political opponents. It was in urgent need to take the preservation of cultural and historical monuments under centralized control. The foundation for such an organization was prepared by the Petrograd Artistic and Historical Commission, which began its activity in the period between the two revolutions of 1917. After the October Revolution, its members, realizing the importance of the tasks, refused to join the sabotage of the actions of the new government and continued to fulfill their duties. The authors analyze a number of archival documents, not previously considered by researchers in this perspective. These documents give reason to propose that Anatoly Lunacharsky planned to create the State Council for Arts under his own patronage in the period between January and February 1918. Also, he planned to transform the United Artistic and Historical Commission into the central executive body for protection of historical and cultural heritage. In fact, it should have been the ministry-equivalent organization. After the creation of the State Council for Arts this Commission should save its functions of the central executive institution. In this regard P. P. Veyner prepared a Note by the Anatoly Lunacharsky’s request, the publication of the text of which is carried out by the authors for the first time.
Made in Yugoslavia: Goods from the «Sunny Side» of communism
Authors:   Institute of Social Sciences Ivo Pilar, Žebec Šilj Ivana
Published: June 2023

economic system» were soon followed by the quest for improvement of living standard and then finally, by the rise of a consumer society. Namely, since mid-1950s two general directives became increasingly evident in federal year plans, especially in the five-year social development plan (1957–1961) – the living standard improvement and the increase in spending power of working population. At the same time development of heavy, basic industry was not more in the focus of economic policy and the economic planning, but a development of light industry and consequently an increase of production of consumer goods. The paper focuses on the consumer goods (and their afterlife) produced in kombinat Borovo and kombinat Jugoplastika, the Yugoslav largest producers of rubber (Borovo) and polymere (Jugoplastika) consumer goods. Borovo (previously Bata) situated in Vukovar, Croatia, was founded in 1931 and is still operating in smaller scale. In the interwar as well in the socialist era it was a synonym for footwear, especially work, leisure and free time footwear. Today, Borovo’s brand Startas is one of the favorites particularly among young people. Jugoplastika, on the other hand was one of the crests of Yugoslav postwar industrialization. It was founded in 1952 in Split, Croatia, at a time when industrial production in Yugoslavia was starting to conform to a sort of hybrid consumerism. The Jugoplastika’s products were the indispensable part of happy childhood, summer vacations, wardrobe and even the famous Yugo automobile. In the process of transition and reform in 1990s kombinat Jugoplastika was first fragmented, filed for bankruptcy and finally removed from Registry. The products became dispensable and almost forgotten if they have not, just for a few days, resurfaced at the exhibition «Groundwork Jugoplastika» in 2011 in Split and during the action «Jugoplastika + supporting the memory» held in the eve of Jugoplastika’s would be 60th anniversary in 2012 in Split.
Simulation of dam-break flood and risk assessment: a case study of Chengbi River Dam in Baise, China
Authors: Mo Chongxun , Cen Weiyan , Lei Xingbi , Ban Huazhen , Ruan Yuli , Lai Shufeng , Shen Yue , Xing Zhenxiang
Published: June 2023

When a reservoir is damaged, it will bring destruction to people's lives and the regional economy. Flood simulation and risk assessment are two effective ways to mitigate flood risk. Flood risk is assessed by using flood hazard and vulnerability indices. However, one of the key concerns is how to quantify hazards and vulnerabilities more rationally. To this end, this study introduces a new quantitative method for flood risk assessment. Three schemes – full dam breach (S1), 1/2 dam breach (S2), and 1/3 dam breach (S3) – were proposed for flood simulation. HEC-RAS 2D was used to simulate the evolution process of dam-break floods. This study used a new quantification approach to calculate flood risk based on simulation results. The results show the following: (1) The inundation process is similar under the three schemes, but the degree differs. The greater the degree of dam break, the greater the inundation depth, maximum flow velocity, and inundation duration. (2) High-risk areas decrease with decreased dam break degree. Under the three schemes, the flood risk areas of Longjing Street account for 65.37, 71.41, and 66.22% of the total risk areas, respectively, which are the areas most affected by dam-break floods.
Ciudades Intermedias: espacios de contención especializados a gran escala para el capital humano y el trabajo reproductivo
Authors: Álvarez Ruiz Ivonne
Published: June 2023

La ciudad intermedia es considerada puente de conexión entre las ciudades globales y los espacios rurales. Sin embargo, concebir la urbanización como respuesta absoluta capaz de resolver las problemáticas más frecuentes en las ciudades delimita el análisis, nos lleva a pensar en un sistema urbano conformado exclusivamente por los espacios no rurales, se deja de lado cualquier otra forma de percepción crítica.
Por lo que en el presente artículo se plantea pensar a las ciudades intermedias como un espacio territorializado para contener la actividad reproductiva del capital humano con la finalidad de lograr que las ciudades intermedias funjan como espacios privados a gran escala, a partir de esta concepción podemos plantear a) que la función de esta espacialidad urbana nos permite entender que la reconfiguración del sistema urbano global está sucediendo y muestra de ello es la creación de especialidades y desdibujamiento de otros actores como el Estado-Nación, b) dicha reestructuración está constituida por un principio de especialización y espacialización y centralización de los diversos capitales, así como de los flujos migratorios, la flexibilización laboral, entre otros y c) la importancia de la fuerza de trabajo y su reorganización ya que esta se desplaza de una forma no vista hasta el momento, vemos movilidad en sectores geográficos más pequeños y precisos, de ciudad a ciudad.
La importancia de reflexionar sobre las ciudades intermedias recae en su rol geopolítico al tener una relación estrecha entre la desposesión por acumulación, que sostiene al modelo económico actual, la reorganización de los flujos migratorios y de hábitat, problematizando que el dilema sobre “desarrollo urbano” ha surgido de procesos históricos de colonización, de economías de enclave y la destrucción y dominación del espacio para absorberlo, refuncionalizar y generar así una red de flujos de capital económico, político, cultural, humano y territorial.
Effects of Dietary Flavonoids on the Metabolism of Vortioxetine and
its Potential Mechanism
Authors: Lin Yuxian , Wang Yu , Ye Zhize , Gao Nanyong , Xu Xinhao , Weng Qinghua , Xu Ren-ai , Ye Lei
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

Quercetin and apigenin are two common dietary flavonoids widely found in
foods and fruits. Quercetin and apigenin can act as the inhibitors of CYP450 enzymes, which may affect
the pharmacokinetics of clinical drugs. Vortioxetine (VOR), approved for marketing by the Food and
Drug Administration (FDA) in 2013, is a novel clinical drug for treating major depressive disorder
(MDD).

Objective:

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of quercetin and apigenin on the metabolism of VOR
in in vivo and in vitro experiments.

Method:

Firstly, 18 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group
(VOR), group A (VOR + 30 mg/kg quercetin) and group B (VOR + 20 mg/kg apigenin). We collected the
blood samples at different time points before and after the final oral administration of 2 mg/kg VOR. Subsequently,
we further used rat liver microsomes (RLMs) to investigate the half-maximal inhibitory concentration
(IC50) of the metabolism of vortioxetine. Finally, we evaluated the inhibitory mechanism of two
dietary flavonoids on VOR metabolism in RLMs.

Results:

In animal experiments, we found AUC (0-∞) (area under the curve from 0 to infinity) and CLz/F
(clearance) to be obviously changed. Compared to controls, AUC (0-∞) of VOR in group A and group B
was 2.22 and 3.54 times higher, respectively, while CLz/F of VOR in group A and group B was significantly
decreased down to nearly two-fifth and one-third. In in vitro studies, the IC50 value of quercetin and
apigenin in the metabolic rate of vortioxetine was 5.323 μM and 3.319 μM, respectively. Ki value of
quercetin and apigenin was found to be 0.040 and 3.286, respectively, and the αKi value of quercetin and
apigenin was 0.170 and 2.876 μM, respectively.

Conclusion:

Quercetin and apigenin exhibited inhibitory effects on the metabolism of vortioxetine in vivo
and in vitro. Moreover, quercetin and apigenin had a mixed mechanism on the metabolism of VOR in
RLMs. Thus, we should pay more attention to the combination between these dietary flavonoids and VOR
in the future clinical use.