bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pressure ulcer dressings in critical patients: a cost analysis
Authors: Silva Dinara Raquel Araújo , Bezerra Sandra Marina Gonçalves , Costa Jéssica Pereira , Luz Maria Helena Barros Araújo , Lopes Vanessa Caminha Aguiar , Nogueira Lidya Tolstenko
Published: June 2017

Abstract OBJECTIVE To assess the direct cost of dressings in pressure ulcer treatment. METHOD This was a descriptive observational study conducted at an intensive care unit in the Northeast region of Brazil, between November and December 2015. Data were gathered using the Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing and a form to characterize and assess costs. Values in Brazilian reais (BRL) were converted into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate of USD 0.26/BRL. Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted. RESULTS The sample consisted of 15 patients with at least stage 2 ulcers. There was a significant reduction in costs with dressing materials between the initial and final assessments (p=0.002), with a mean of USD 11.9 (±7.4). The most common topical treatments used were essential fatty acids and papain. CONCLUSION Cost reduction was proportional to the stage of pressure ulcer. The role of nurses in creating evidence-based care plans is crucial to improve care management.
Chronic disease in childhood and adolescence: continuity of care in the Health Care Network
Authors: Nóbrega Vanessa Medeiros da , Silva Maria Elizabete de Amorim , Fernandes Leiliane Teixeira Bento , Viera Claudia Silveira , Reichert Altamira Pereira da Silva , Collet Neusa
Published: June 2017

abstract OBJECTIVE To evaluate the continuity of care for children and adolescents with chronic diseases in the health care network. METHODS This qualitative study was conducted between February and October 2013 with 12 families, six health managers, and 14 health professionals from different health care services in a municipality of the state of Paraíba, Brazil, using focal groups, semi-structured interviews, and medical record consultation. The data were analyzed by triangulation and thematic analysis. RESULTS Two categories were created: “health care management” and “(dis)continuity of care.” We found gaps in the system, including poor data recording aimed to facilitate follow-up and guide the planning actions as well as sporadic and discoordinate services with a limited flow of information, which hinders follow-up over time. CONCLUSION Continuity of care in the health care network is limited and creates the need to develop strategies to improve these services.
What matters in white matter dementia?
Authors: Caixeta Leonardo
Published: June 2017

Abstract Dementia studies has primarily focused on disorders of the cerebral cortex and subcortical gray matter, what originated the concepts of cortical and subcortical dementias respectively. Dementia related mainly with cerebral white matter have received less attention. We present five different cases, each one illustrative of a dementia subtype that could be assigned under the category of 'white matter dementia': CADASIL, progressive subcortical gliosis, progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy, normopressure hydrocephalus and brain injury. Besides that, recent clinical and scientific literature on white matter dementia was reviewed. The composition of exuberant psychiatric symptoms and personality changes (mainly apathy, but also desinhibition) with neurological signs (pyramidal alone or associated with extrapyramidal signs, ataxia and urinary incontinence) and with specific cognitive impairment (mentioned above), should rise strongly the possibility of a white-matter dementia, instead of a cortical or subcortical form of dementia.
Computer-assisted 3D reconstruction of the human basal forebrain complex
Authors: Grinberg Lea Tenenholz , Heinsen Helmut
Published: June 2017

Abstract The basal forebrain complex (BFC) is a small but intricate structure. Its organization and function is hard to investigate using conventional methods, especially in humans. By combining new methods of research we present a comprehensive overview of this complex, in order to better understand its function in normal and diseased brains. Methods: The right and left BFC of a 29-year-old male were reconstructed from gallcocyanin (Nissl) stained 440 mm-thick serial horizontal sections by using advanced computer-assisted 3D reconstruction software. Results: The reconstructed components in the present case include Ch2, Ch3, Ch4am-al, Ch4i, Ch4p, juxtacommissural, Ayala's medial (subpallidal) and lateral (periputaminal) subnuclei. These components are arranged in an arch-like course mainly beneath the anterior commissure. The bilateral volume of all subnuclei was 99.06 mm³, the left side accounting for 48.05 mm³. Some of the subnuclei exhibited volume asymmetry indices varying from 28.3 to 12.9%.The volume of Ayalas' lateral or periputaminal nucleus was 9.7% higher on the right, than on the left side. Conclusions: Our methodological approach promises to be highly efficient and reproducible in studying morphofunctional correlations in complex cognitive features
Behavioural assessment of the dysexecutive syndrome (BADS) in healthy elders and Alzheimer´s disease patients: preliminary study
Authors: Canali Fabiola , Brucki Sonia Maria Dozzi , Bueno Orlando Francisco Amodeo
Published: June 2017

Abstract Although the main initial deficit is considered to be in the memory domain, an early impairment of executive functions is also found in AD where these deficits are correlated to functional impairment. Ecological tests are more indicated to evaluate executive impairment, and are better able to assist in treating AD patients than more commonly used tests. Objectives: The aim of this preliminary study is to verify the performance in executive functions using the Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS) in elder controls and mild AD patients, and to analyze its applicability in our environment. Methods: The BADS was performed by 17 healthy elders and 17 early AD patients matched for age, schooling and gender. Results: There were significant differences among controls and AD patients on MMSE scores, and in measures of executive functions, memory, and motor speed. Some sub items of BADS (rule shift cards, modified six elements, total score, standard, standard by age and overall classification by age) were also different between groups. Differences were also significant on the Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX) of BADS self-ratings and other-ratings. Conclusion: BADS was efficacious in detecting executive deficits in this sample, as confirmed by other executive functions tests applied.
Support groups for caregivers of patients with Dementia: A comparative study
Authors: Foss Maria Paula , Lange Celmira , Silva Filho José Humberto , Brunini Fabiana , Vale Francisco A. Carvalho do
Published: June 2017

Abstract Since the dementias lead to the need for caregivers, a Group for Dementia Caregivers (GC) was set up where the present study compared the psychosocial characteristics, quality of life and caregiver overload in a Group For Dementia Caregivers (GC) with caregivers not involved in this scheme (non-GC). Methods: 19 primary caregivers counseled by this group (GC group) was studied and compared to a group of 13 caregivers not receiving such counseling (non-GC group). The instruments used were the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-bref), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Caregiver Load Scale (CLS). Results: The two groups did not differ in mean age or gender (P<0.05). GC caregivers had a higher educational level, were service workers where majority were the children of patients. In the Non-CG group, the most frequent occupation was housewife, with most subjects being spouses. The WHOQOL revealed a significant difference (p<0.05) between groups in the physical, social relations and environment domains (GC>Non-GC). The STAI revealed a significant difference (p<0.05) in the Trait subscale (GC>Non-GC), but not in the State subscale. There was no significant difference in CLS. Conclusion: The GC appeared to be of benefit to its participants, with probable positive repercussions on the patients, particularly regarding their quality of life.
Brazilian adaptation of the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R)
Authors: Carvalho Viviane Amaral , Caramelli Paulo
Published: June 2017

Abstract The Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R) is a highly sensitive and specific tool for the detection of mild dementia. It is particularly useful in differentiating Alzheimer's disease from frontotemporal dementia. While the first version of the test battery has been adapted in many countries, its revised version has not, probably because it was published very recently. Objective: To translate and adapt the ACE-R for use in the Brazilian population. Methods: Two independent translations were made from English into Portuguese, followed by two independent back-translations. Few adaptations in accordance to the Brazilian culture and language were made and a first version of the instrument produced. This former version of the ACE-R was administered to 21 cognitively healthy subjects aged 60 years or more, with different educational levels. Results: The mean age of the studied sample of healthy elderly was 75.4 years (ranging from 60 to 89 years). Small additional modifications were necessary after the evaluation of the first ten subjects in order to improve comprehension of the test. The final Portuguese version of the ACE-R was produced and was found to be well understood by the remaining 11 subjects, taking an average of 15 minutes to be administered. Conclusions: The Brazilian version of the ACE-R proved to be a promising cognitive instrument for testing both in research and clinical settings. With this regard, additional studies are currently being carried out in our unit in order to investigate the diagnostic properties of the ACE-R in our milieu.
Statistical analysis of second order effects variation with the stories height of reinforced concrete buildings
Authors: OLIVEIRA D.M. , SILVA N.A. , RIBEIRO C.C. , RIBEIRO S.E.C.
Published: June 2017

Abstract In this paper the simplified method to evaluate final efforts using γ z coefficient is studied considering the variation of the second order effects with the height of the buildings. With this purpose, several reinforced concrete buildings of medium height are analyzed in first and second order using ANSYS software. Initially, it was checked that the (z coefficient should be used as magnifier of first order moments to evaluate final second order moments. Therefore, the study is developed considering the relation (final second order moments/ first order moments), calculated for each story of the structures. This moments relation is called magnifier of first order moments, "γ", and, in the ideal situation, it must coincide with the γ z value. However, it is observed that the reason γ /γ z varies with the height of the buildings. Furthermore, using an statistical analysis, it was checked that γ /γ z relation is generally lower than 1.05 and varies significantly in accordance with the considered building and with the presence or not of symmetry in the structure.
Finite Element Model for Nonlinear Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Beams and Plane Frames
Authors: STRAMANDINOLI R.S.B. , ROVERE H.L. LA
Published: June 2017

Abstract In this work, a two-dimensional finite element (FE) model for physical and geometric nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete beams and plane frames, developed by the authors, is presented. The FE model is based on the Euler-Bernoulli Beam Theory, in which shear deformations are neglected. The bar elements have three nodes with a total of seven degrees of freedom. Three Gauss-points are utilized for the element integration, with the element section discretized into layers at each Gauss point (Fiber Model). It is assumed that concrete and reinforcing bars are perfectly bonded, and each section layer is assumed to be under a uniaxial stress-state. Nonlinear constitutive laws are utilized for both concrete and reinforcing steel layers, and a refined tension-stiffening model, developed by the authors, is included. The Total Lagrangean Formulation is adopted for geometric nonlinear consideration and several methods can be utilized to achieve equilibrium convergence of the nonlinear equations. The developed model is implemented into a computer program named ANEST/CA, which is validated by comparison with some tests on RC beams and plane frames, showing an excellent correlation between numerical and experimental results.
Lower bound plane stress element for modelling 3D structures
Authors: Herfelt Morten A. , Poulsen Peter N. , Hoang Linh C. , Jensen Jesper F.
Published: June 2017

In-plane action is often the primary load-carrying mechanism of reinforced concrete structures. The plate bending action will be secondary, and the behaviour of the structure can be modelled with a reasonable accuracy using a generalised three-dimensional plane stress element. In this paper, the formulation of such an element is given and the Mohr–Coulomb and von Mises criteria are presented for second-order cone programming. Three examples of increasing complexity are used to analyse the performance of the element and the convergence rate and to demonstrate the potential of the proposed element.
Microstructure and mixture proportioning of non-structural foamed concrete with silica fume
Authors: Reisi Mohammad , Dadvar Sayyed Ali , Sharif Ali
Published: June 2017

This paper presents the results of an experimental study conducted to investigate the microstructure and mixture proportioning of non-structural foamed concrete with silica fume (SF). For the purposes of this study, 20 mix designs were made, including four different proportions of SF to cementitious materials (SF/CM) (0%, 5%, 10% and 15%) and five different densities (450, 500, 600, 700 and 750 kg/m3). All the mix designs were prepared with a water-to-cementitious materials ratio (W/CM) of 0·6. Compressive strength was measured at curing ages of 7, 14, and 28 d. It was found that replacement of cement with SF resulted in higher compressive strengths for the given densities examined. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction tests showed that SF in foamed concrete reacts with the free calcium hydroxide of hydrated cement and produces calcium–silicate–hydrate, which is stiffer and more durable than calcium hydroxide. In addition, ettringite content reduces when the SF/CM ratio increases. Therefore, SF decreases the risk of sulfate attack in foamed concrete. Finally, it is shown that the method proposed in this study can be successfully exploited to develop foamed concrete mix designs for any given density.
Ceramic coatings containing calcium and phosphate on magnesium alloy MnE21
Authors: Kwas Ellen , Schmidt Jürgen , Kunert Maik , Thein Susanne
Published: June 2017

Ceramic coatings containing calcium and phosphate were prepared on magnesium alloy MnE21 using the plasma electrolytic oxidation technique. The surface morphology of the formed layers was analysed by scanning electron microscopy and also by roughness and layer thickness examinations. The phase composition was investigated by X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy. Different layer thicknesses developed on the surface dependent on the voltage applied during PEO process. Special focus was set on the relation between surface characteristics (layer thickness and average roughness) and cytotoxicity of the alloy and the layer, respectively. Cytotoxicity testing (water-soluble tetrazolium 1 assay and live/dead staining) revealed that cytotoxicity increases with higher layer thickness and roughness. The uncoated reference samples were highly toxic. The best results regarding cytotoxicity provided the samples with the lowest layer thickness and roughness. Because MnE21 has never been used for biological applications, this study provides first results about a possible application as biodegradable implant material.
O banquete de Manuelzão
Authors: Bordini Maria da Gloria
Published: June 2017

A novela “Uma estória de amor”, de Guimarães Rosa, pode ser interpretada como uma consideração filosófica sobre a existência e sua finitude, e sobre os trabalhos do amor, se comparada com O Banquete, de Platão, e sua teoria da natureza e qualidade de Eros. Vários críticos atestam as leituras de Platão por Rosa, e uma abordagem comparativa entre os dois textos revela o reflexo das ideias platônicas ficcionalizado ao longo da festa de Manuelzão, concorrendo para produzir um comovente relato da complexidade e contradições do amor entre o povo simples do sertão.
Uma miopia moral: A análise sensível do sertão de Miguilim
Authors: Schittine Denise Ferreira de Araújo
Published: June 2017

O presente artigo trata do deslocamento apontado por Merleau-Ponty do campo da razão para os caminhos do sensível através do olhar míope do personagem Minguilim, da novela “Campo Geral”, de João Guimarães Rosa. Usando como fio condutor a deficiência visual da personagem principal vamos acompanhá-lo na transição do mundo infantil para o mundo adulto. Nesse percurso do microsaber (olhar das miudezas) para o macrosaber (o olhar turvo), Minguilim encontra passagens através de adultos como o alegre seu Aristeu e a contadora de histórias Siàrlinda ou do discurso do irmão Dito, que consegue conversar com os mais velhos. Em oposição ao “falar”, Minguilim desenvolve o “olhar” numa percepção do mundo que passa pela observação do detalhe. Sua mirada, que entrega ao leitor uma lupa, limita a sua visão para fora, mas a expande para dentro retornando à camada do sensível e encontrando o poder poético. Há duas travessias no texto: o luto pela perda do irmão Dito e a descoberta da beleza de Mutum através do uso dos óculos, emprestados por um estranho. É por meio de dicotomias básicas entre as cores e o negro, o perto e o longe, o visto e o não visto, a fé e o luto, o lúdico e o real que o menino realiza os seus primeiros questionamentos e a sua entrada ao universo dos adultos. Miguilim vai encontrar as respostas ao enfrentar o pai e a doença e pelo alargamento da visão e da linguagem proposto com maestria por Guimarães Rosa.
Guimarães Rosa e o Regionalismo literário brasileiro: revisão crítica sobre um problema perene
Authors: Pelinser André Tessaro
Published: June 2017

Este artigo enfoca a recepção crítica da obra de Guimarães Rosa, a partir de 1946 até o início do século XXI, e analisa os argumentos empregados para lidar com a presença da região na literatura do autor. O discurso crítico, desde o lançamento de Sagarana, manifesta uma relação conturbada com as características comumente associadas ao Regionalismo, ora reconhecendo, ora negando sua presença na ficção rosiana. Ao invés de fomentar novas percepções críticas acerca da literatura produzida com base em espaços regionais, a obra de Guimarães Rosa parece ter contribuído, involuntariamente, para a consolidação de matrizes de pensamento que negam ao regional o estatuto literário. O termo Regionalismo é grafado com inicial maiúscula ao longo do texto, uma vez que ele é aqui tomado como indicador de uma vertente literária.
“A terceira margem do rio”: um autor e dois tradutores
Authors: Castro Vanessa C. L. de
Published: June 2017

O presente artigo tem por objetivo verificar se dois diferentes tradutores para o inglês aproximam-se ou distanciam-se da construção poética de “A terceira margem do rio” de Guimarães Rosa e como o fazem. Para tanto, cotejamos o conto e suas traduções: a primeira, feita por Barbara Shelby, publicada em 1968, e a segunda, por David Treece, com primeira edição em 2001, analisando as traduções como formas de leitura e interpretação de um tipo de texto que chamamos – de acordo com Massaud Moisés – de conto poético e desvendar, nas linhas e entrelinhas de seus textos, a proximidade ou não da construção poética. Tal comparação não tem por finalidade apontar qual dos dois textos é o que melhor corresponde ao texto de partida pois acreditamos que traduções consistem em textos outros, novas obras literárias, elaboradas em contextos específicos. Nosso entendimento é que a tradução dos contos de Guimarães Rosa deve ser elaborada nos moldes da tradução de poesia, uma vez que, se realizada em forma de prosa, o plano da expressão é totalmente perdido e o que resta é apenas o plano do conteúdo, ou seja, o que o autor considera como sendo apenas o pano de fundo para as verdades maiores que ele gostaria de expressar. O embasamento teórico do trabalho é composto por estudos sobre a obra rosiana de modo geral, sobre o conto escolhido para análise, em particular, e os estudos sobre tradução literária realizados por Antoine Berman, Mario Laranjeira, Paulo Henriques Britto e Ana Cristina César.
Protocols from "Comparative performance of the BGISEQ-500 vs Illumina sequencing platforms for palaeogenomic sequencing" v1
Authors: Siu Tze Mak Sarah , Shyam Gopalakrishnan not provided , Christian Caroe not provided , Chunyu Geng not provided , Shanlin Liu not provided , Mikkel-Holger S Sinding not provided , Lukas F K Kuderna not provided , Wenwei Zhang not provided , Shujin Fu not provided , Filipe G Vieira not provided , Mietje Germonpré not provided , Hervé Bocherens not provided , Sergey Fedorov not provided , Bent Petersen not provided , Thomas Sicheritz-Ponten not provided , Tomas Marques-Bonet not provided , Guojie Zhang not provided , Hui Jiang not provided , M Thomas P Gilbert not provided
Published: June 2017

Ancient DNA research has been revolutionized following the development of ‘Next Generation’ Sequencing platforms. Although a number of such platforms have been applied to ancient DNA samples, the Illumina series are the dominant choice today, mainly because of high production capacities and short read production. Recently a potentially attractive alternative platform for palaeogenomic data generation has been developed, the BGISEQ-500, whose sequence output are comparable with the Illumina series. In this study, we modified the standard BGISEQ-500 library preparation specifically for use on degraded DNA, then directly compared the sequencing performance and data quality of the BGISEQ-500 to the Illumina HiSeq2500 platform, on DNA extracted from eight historic and ancient dog and wolf samples.
 The data generated was largely comparable between sequencing platforms, with no statistically significant difference observed for parameters including level (p=0.371) and average sequence length (p=0718) of endogenous nuclear DNA, sequence GC content (p=0.311), double-stranded DNA damage rate (p=0.309), and sequence clonality (p=0.093). Small significant differences were found in single strand DNA damage rate (δS, slightly lower for the BGISEQ-500, p=0.011) and the background rate of difference from the reference genome (θ, slightly higher for BGISEQ-500, p=0.012). This may result from the differences in amplification cycles used to PCR amplify the libraries. A significant difference was also observed in the mitochondrial DNA percentages recovered (p=0.018), although we believe this is likely a stochastic effect relating to the extremely low levels of mitochondria that were sequenced from three of the samples with overall very low levels of endogenous DNA.
 Although we acknowledge our analyses were limited to animal material, our observations suggest that the BGISEQ-500 holds the potential to represent valid and potentially valuable alternative platform for palaeogenomic data generation, that is worthy of future exploration by those interested in the sequencing and analysis of degraded DNA.
Extraction method B v1
Authors: SIU TZE MAK SARAH , SHYAM GOPALAKRISHNAN not provided , CHRISTIAN CAROE not provided , CHUNYU GENG not provided , SHANLIN LIU not provided , MIKKEL-HOLGER S SINDING not provided , LUKAS F K KUDERNA not provided , WENWEI ZHANG not provided , SHUJIN FU not provided , FILIPE G VIEIRA not provided , MIETJE GERMONPRÉ not provided , HERVÉ BOCHERENS not provided , SERGEY FEDOROV not provided , BENT PETERSEN not provided , THOMAS SICHERITZ-PONTEN not provided , TOMAS MARQUES-BONET not provided , GUOJIE ZHANG not provided , HUI JIANG not provided , M THOMAS P GILBERT not provided
Published: June 2017

This protocol provides an efficient DNA extraction and purification of ancient bones.
Illumina library construction Protocol v1
Authors: SIU TZE MAK SARAH , SHYAM GOPALAKRISHNAN not provided , CHRISTIAN CAROE not provided , CHUNYU GENG not provided , SHANLIN LIU not provided , MIKKEL-HOLGER S SINDING not provided , LUKAS F K KUDERNA not provided , WENWEI ZHANG not provided , SHUJIN FU not provided , FILIPE G VIEIRA not provided , MIETJE GERMONPRÉ not provided , HERVÉ BOCHERENS not provided , SERGEY FEDOROV not provided , BENT PETERSEN not provided , THOMAS SICHERITZ-PONTEN not provided , TOMAS MARQUES-BONET not provided , GUOJIE ZHANG not provided , HUI JIANG not provided , M THOMAS P GILBERT not provided
Published: June 2017

This single-tube library construction protocol is for degraded DNA using adapters for the Illumina platform.
Isolation of Artemia nauplii for DNA extraction v1
Authors: Lunt Dave
Published: June 2017

Nauplii, ie newly hatched Artmemia (3-5 days), are processed to concentrate and separate from theeggs, before a DNA extraction
Extract N. bombycis total RNAs v1
Authors: Feng Zhu
Published: June 2017

The newly molted fifth instar larvae of silkworm were challenged by feeding on mulberry leaves artificially polluted by fresh N. bombycis spores (about 106 spores/larvae). Samples of the midgut of the infected silkworms were collected at 12 h, 24 h, 36 h, 48 h, 60 h, 72 h, 96 h, 120 h, 144 h, and 168 h post-infection. Total RNAs were extracted using TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen) after grinding in liquid nitrogen. DNA was removed by using RNase-free DNase. Reverse transcription was performed with 3 ug of total RNA using the M-MLV reverse transcriptase (Invitrogen).
Eco-hydrology observation Cikapundung riverbank, Indonesia v1
Authors: not provided not provided
Published: June 2017

The following protocols is submitted as part of the Cikapundung Research 2017, as can be divided in to 3 submissions: 1. Identifying landuse and calculating its alteration in time 2. Vegetation and zoobentos observation 3. Water sampling OSF folder will be made following this protocols.
MATHEMATICAL TASKS AS A MEANS OF IMPROVING THE ECOLOGICAL CULTURE OF THE FUTURE TEACHERS
Authors: Gavaza Tatiana , Lebedeva Svetlana , Perkova Natalia
Published: June 2017

With the development of civilization, the environment takes an increasing place in our lives. Analysis of the current state of environmental education of students in the University allows to make a conclusion about the need for a comprehensive approach to the problems of formation of ecological culture of future teachers. One of the directions is the integration of mathematics and ecology. Environmental knowledge can be generated when the study of mathematics through the solution of tasks with environmental content. This article presents mathematical tasks with environmental contents of the different sections of mathematics. Jobs can be used in the process of teaching mathematics students of a direction "Pedagogical education".
MULTIPLIER EFFECTS OF LATVIAN RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME 2007-2013
Authors: Benga Elita , Hāzners Juris , Miķelsone Zaiga
Published: June 2017

The core question to be answered in periodic evaluations of EU Member States Rural Development Programme (RDP) specific policy interventions is whether the stated objectives are accomplished by particular intervention (support or „treatment” provided to programme participants). Programme effects should normally be expressed in “net” terms, which means after subtracting the effects that cannot be attributed to the intervention, and by taking into account indirect effects (deadweight, leverage, displacement, substitution and multipliers). The level of the estimation of indirect effects (micro or macro level) depends on the size of the interventions and country specific issues. In the ex-post evaluation of the Latvian Rural Development programme 2007-2013, deadweight effects, leverage effects and multipliers are estimated at the individual measure (micro) level, while substitution and displacement effects are aggregated over the sets of measures. Multiplier effect is a secondary effect resulting from increased income and consumption generated by the public intervention. Multiplier effects are cumulative and take into account the fact that a part of the income generated is spent again and generates other income, and so on in several successive cycles. In each cycle, the multiplier effect diminishes due to purchases outside the territory. The existing study provides an assessment of the multiplier coefficients (multipliers) for the economic growth in terms of Gross Value Added and for the employment creation in terms of Annual Working Units. The research results show that total estimated programme secondary cumulative impacts on economic growth and employment over the entire economy are significant and positive.
INVESTIGATION OF HEMP (CANNABIS SATIVA L.) FIBRE QUANTITY AND QUALITY AS INFLUENCED BY GENOTYPE AND SEED RATE
Authors: Jankauskienė Zofija , Gruzdevienė Elvyra , Maumevičius Ernestas , Layko Iryna M.
Published: June 2017

The investigation on hemp fibre quantity and quality as influenced by genotype and seed rate was carried out at the Upytė Experimental Station Lithuanian of the Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry in 2014. Bi-factorial trial was carried out: Factor A – variety (A1 – USO 31; A2 – Bialobrzeskie); Factor B – sowing rate (B1 – 45 kg ha-1; B2 – 70 kg ha-1). Data showed that variety (genotype) had a significant influence on fibre content (after dew-retting as well after water-retting) – it was higher for variety Bialobrzeskie and amounted to 37.2 and 34.5%, respectively. Seed rate (or crop density) did not show significant influence neither on fibre content nor on fibre quality (flexibility, strength) parameters.
DISTRIBUTION AND POPULATION STRUCTURE OF THE INVASIVE AMPHIPOD GMELINOIDES FASCIATUS (STEBBING) IN LAKE ONEGO
Authors: Sidorova Anastasiia , Belicheva Lidia
Published: June 2017

Since the middle of the ХХ century, the rapid spread of exotic species and their successful penetration in natural and artificial ecosystems has led to significant environmental changes all over the world [1, 2]. As it was pointed out by many researchers, biological invasion by alien species is one of the main threats to biodiversity [3, 4, 5, 6, 7]. Gmelinoides fasciatus (Stebbing 1899) attracts special attention due to the fact that it is the most successful alien species among other invaders in aquatic ecosystems in Eurasia. This invasive amphipod of Baikalian origin was first recorded in Lake Onego in 2001 by Berezina and Panov [8]. The results of the present study indicate that the invader significantly expanded its areal in Lake Onego during the last 15 years. At present amphipod G. fasciatus is dominant on the biomass among macrozoobenthos community in littoral biotopes of some islands and east part of the Lake. In Lake Onego the invader has a one-year life cycle with the generations of the previous and current year. Seasonal dynamics of the amphipod abundance in Lake Onego has two peaks during the vegetation period. According to our data G. fasciatus successfully reproduces in the new environment and shows stable sexual structure with sex ratio of approximately 1:1. Female fecundity of the amphipod in the Lake varied from 3 to 22 eggs per female, the average variation of fertility is 9 eggs per female. Revealed data of G. fasciatus abundance and biomass in Lake Onego are comparable with those for other water bodies where this amphipod species was successfully established earlier.
THE CHANGES OF PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM IN SOIL UNDER DIFFERENT LIME RATES
Authors: Vigovskis Jānis , Svarta Agrita , Jermuss Aivars , Sarkanbarde Daina
Published: June 2017

The paper describes the influence of liming to phosphorus and potassium accumulation in soil. The research has been carried out at the Institute of Agronomy of Latvia University of Agriculture in the long-term subsurface drainage field established in Skrīveri in 1981. The experimental field was established with four rates of mineral fertilizers: without fertilizers (F0), N45P30K45 (F1); N90P60K90 (F2), N135P90K135 (F3) and four rates of lime: without liming (L0), 2.58 (L1), 5.70 (L2), 11.40 (L3) t ha-1 CaCO3. Primary liming was done in 1981 (Estonian oil shale ashes), the maintenance liming was performed in 1994 (dolomitic limestone) and 2014 (BALTKALK).

After 35 years of trial similar soil parameters showed significantly different content of phosphorus and potassium related to the different rates of liming in all fertilizing levels. Without fertilizers, the liming provided the increase of phosphorus content in soil from 14 to 36 mg kg-1, but the increase of potassium – from 55 to 72 mg kg-1. On a low background of fertilizers (N45P30K45) the content of phosphorus and potassium under liming increased respectively from 20 to 32 mg kg-1 for phosphorus and 75 to 96 mg kg-1 for potassium. At the fertilizers level N90P60K90 the content of phosphorus and potassium increased respectively from 94 to 81 mg kg-1 for phosphorus and 115 to 165 mg kg-1 for potassium. At the fertilizers level N135P90K135 the content of phosphorus and potassium increased respectively from 174 to 203 mg kg-1 for phosphorus and 166 to 214 mg kg-1 for potassium.
A STUDY OF COAST PROTECTION CONSTRUCTIONS BUILT WITH THE USE OF RECYCLED CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND THEIR NEGATIVE IMPACT
Authors: Balzannikov M. I. , Mikhasek A. A. , Galitskova Yu. M.
Published: June 2017

Different types of materials are used in hydraulic structures and coast protection constructions. These materials can be of natural (e.g. stone) and artificial origin (concrete, metal). The main trends typical for building construction now are as follows: cutting a share of natural materials and reusing waste products of dismantling construction objects.

As a result of recycling it is possible to produce building materials that look like and have properties characteristic of natural stone materials, gravel, in particular. While gravel is being processed, it is possible to predict that it would obtain such characteristics as grade, frost resistance and strength. Reuse of recycled construction materials is a challenge, because this type of waste can hardly be reduced in volume and requires considerable space for burial.

We propose to use gravel produced by processing in hydraulic engineering objects, i.e. in coast protection constructions. For that, we analyzed waste materials characteristics to justify their use in hydraulic structures. The research proved that strength of gravel produced by processing was sufficient enough. On the other hand, its frost resistance and fineness did not satisfy the requirements to materials used in coast protective structures. Besides, the construction of such structures causes water pollution as inert materials placed in waterbodies increase water turbidity. As a large part of the structure is located directly in the waterbody, during the period of the construction inert materials are supposed to be dumped. In this period the water body is filled with a significant amount of fine particles, which leads to an increase in turbidity at the construction site.

Thus, we come to the conclusion that it is possible to reuse recycled construction materials in hydraulic engineering structures only on condition of their additional after-treatment processing. We offer to mix gravel produced by processing with cement mortal. As a result we obtain no-fines concrete, which is further processed by hot procedure (with bituminous materials).

No-fines concrete can be produced in the form of precast units of 1,4×1,4×0,5 m. The use of prefabricated units will allow to avoid waterbody pollution and protect it from fine particles. Further processing by bituminous materials will enhance its frost resistance and reliability, which in turn will prevent contamination of the water body in the period of coast protection constructions usage.
CHOICE THE FILTER FOR TAR REMOVAL FROM SYNGAS
Authors: Osipovs Sergejs , Pučkins Aleksandrs
Published: June 2017

One of devices for removing char from syngas is a cloth-based filter. Char is mainly carbon black which is a good adsorbent and can be used for removing tar from syngas. When the latter passes through the filter, the char accumulates in it and adsorbs tar. In order to study effectiveness of this way of removing tar, samples of syngas for further analysis were taken twice, before and after the filter with char. A solid-phase adsorption (SPA) method for determining concentration of tar compounds has been chosen. The research showed that the filter for removing char from syngas proved quite cheap and effective in removing tar from syngas. Concentration of the total tar in the samples taken after the filter for removing char from syngas decreased by nearly 90% comparing to the total tar concentration in the samples taken before it. A solid-phase adsorption system consisting of amino-phase sorbent and activated coconut charcoal is a very convenient and effective device for sampling tar in syngas. If its concentration in syngas is high, light tar compounds are adsorbed on both sorbents. With a low concentration of tar in syngas, all compounds might be adsorbed only on the first sorbent.
IMPACT OF LASER ON MICROORGANISMS IN THE DIGESTATE
Authors: Tretjakova Rasma , Lazov Lyubomir , Martinovs Andris , Misiņa Samanta Marija
Published: June 2017

At the biogas plant total of 40 digestate samples have been collected and investigated. The microbiological composition of digestate has been analysed before and after laser processing with wavelength λ 445 nm with power 2 - 4 W. Salmonella spp. has not been stated in any of the samples, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. amount does not correspond Eiropean Union regulation R142/2011 requirements in any of the investigated samples; Staphylococcus aureus has been stated in 24 samples out of 40. By decreasing laser scanning speed and increasing power, the total number of microorganism colonies in digestate has decreased.
SYSTEM ANALYSIS OF REGION ENVIRONMENTAL DIMENSION
Authors: Noviks Gotfrids
Published: June 2017

Areas of social systems - regions and their development is the key for national development, main vector of prosperity growth. There can be no prosperity without a strong and developed the country's regions.0

The article dealt with regionics- science that subject of studies are relatively small regions at NUTS-3 level with its historically established determinate territory, the cultural and ethnic identity, their development problems in the environmental dimension aspect. There is analyzed one of the most identical Latvian region - Latgale.
CREATION OF REED CADASTRES
Authors: Čubars Edgars
Published: June 2017

In Latvia the total renewable energy resource volume has not been fully evaluated. Reed exploitation for energy output has not been developed on a large scale. One of the factors for this is the lack of information about to reed resource spread and characteristics. Therefore, there arises the need for a united inventory system – the formation of a reed cadaster. The study contains information on basic principles of reed cadastre creation and research methodologies.

The reed cadaster is a list of the reed researches which contains information about the reed areas in Latvia, the volume and locations, the legal status, possibilities for exploitation, as well as the biomass qualities, in each specific water reservoir. For each water reservoir, which is included in the reed cadaster, a certificate and chart have been produced. Information about the reed locations in each specific lake have been shown on the cadaster chart; the boundaries of the water reservoir, the boundaries of the reed plants and areas, the natural habitat protected area boundaries, the district boundaries, as well as the access roads. The data for reed characteristics and accessible volumes is compiled in the water reservoir cadaster passport. Development for reed exploitation in the conditions of Latvia is dependent on the location, accessible volumes and existing infrastructure. Reeds are a long term renewable energy resource, with the spread of reeds increasing every year.
POTENTIAL FUNCTION METHOD APPROACH TO PATTERN RECOGNITION APPLICATIONS
Authors: Grabusts Peter
Published: June 2017

Potential function method was originally offered to solve the pattern recognition tasks, then it was generalized to a wider range of tasks, which were associated with the function approximation. Potential function method algorithms are based on the hypothesis of the nature of the function that separates sets according to different classes of patterns. Geometrical interpretation of pattern recognition task includes display of patterns in the form of vector in the space of input signal that allows to perceive the learning as approximation task. The paper describes the essence of potential function method and the learning procedure is shown that is based on practical application of potential methods. Pattern recognition applications with the help of examples of potential functions and company bankruptcy data analysis with the help of potential functions are given.
SUBJECT INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT AS MEANS OF FORMATION OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION COMPETENCE OF FUTURE PROFESSIONALS
Authors: Zhestkova Elena
Published: June 2017

Informatization and unprecedented advances in technology make it necessary to adapt the development of skills in the information society. At present, information and communication competence becomes an urgent need and a prerequisite for the success of future specialists, so it is necessary to increase the efficiency of work, to communicate, to access information and to receive services.

Information and communicative competence of a future expert is a complex formed by the individual qualities that provide flexibility and willingness to change; efficiency of professional work in the conditions of informatization of a modern society in order to acquire information and communicative competence.

Despite numerous studies of the problem connected with the formation of information and communication competence, the actual level of knowledge and skills of graduates of Russian schools in this area is quite low. Therefore the problem of the search tools to more effectively develop the information and communication competence of a future specialist is highly relevant.

Today information educational environment becomes one of the main means of training meeting the requirements of a competence approach. These features are provided by the didactic specificity of methodological support of educational environment, by shifting the emphasis from educational activity of the teacher to the use of active and interactive teaching methods, active and independent cognitive activity of students; orientation in learning not only to the result of training, but also the process of development of new information and applying it to produce results; giving students the freedom of choice of means of implementation of the training task.

Subject information and educational environment can be defined as an open educational system formed on the basis of information of educational resources, computer training facilities, modern means of communication, educational technology which is aimed at the formation of creative, intellectual and social development of the individual.

As the theoretical research and practical experience show, the subject e-learning environment in combination with active and interactive teaching methods, individual and group creative tasks in the context of future professional activity of a specialist is one of the leading factors in the formation of its information and communication competence.

The author describes in detail the stages of the electronic textbook development, as well as web quests in the teaching of philological sciences at the university, and enumerates a number of advantages of their use.
LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION BASED ON MODIS IMAGERY DATA USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors: Stepchenko Arthur
Published: June 2017

Remote sensing has been widely used to obtain land cover information using automated classification. Land cover is a measure of what is overlaying the surface of the earth. Accurate mapping of land cover on a regional scale is useful in such fields as precision agriculture or forest management and is one of the most important applications in remote sensing. In this study, multispectral MODIS Terra NDVI images and an artificial neural network (ANN) were used in land cover classification. Artificial neural network is a computing tool that is designed to simulate the way the human brain analyzes and process information. Artificial neural networks are one of the commonly applied machine learning algorithm, and they have become popular in the analysis of remotely sensed data, particularly in classification or feature extraction from image data more accurately than conventional method. This paper focuses on an automated classification system based on a pattern recognition neural network. Variational mode decomposition method is used as an image data pre-processing tool in this classification system. The result of this study will be land cover map.
EXPERIENCE OF OBTAINING THE PLAN OF EXPERIMENTS, WITH USING MODELS OF INTERACTION OF CHARGED PARTICLES
Authors: Kante Normunds , Lavedels Juris , Kriščuks N.
Published: June 2017

In this article a method of obtaining an experiment plan in a fragment of multidimensional space is analyzed and improved. The method is based on an assumption that particles will distribute evenly in an infinite space with constant charged particle density. To obtain the experiment plan, the infinite multidimensional space is replaced with a hypercube whose surface models influence of the surrounding infinite space. Software is developed and practical results in obtaining experiment plan in two-dimensional space are acquired. Two-dimensional space allows developing of a methodology and algorithm for obtaining experiment plan while providing a simple visualization of the solution. Acquired results in two-dimensional space give an opportunity to create methods for obtaining experiment plan in a hypercube of multidimensional space.
METHOD FOR COLOR LASER MARKING PROCESS OPTIMIZATION WITH THE USE OF GENETIC ALGORITHMS
Authors: Narica Pavels , Lazov Lyubomir , Teilans Artis , Grabusts Peteris , Teirumnieks Edmunds , Cacivkins Pavels
Published: June 2017

Optimization of color laser marking process mostly depends on effective identification of optimal values of laser marking parameters. This is a difficult combinatorial optimization problem, which is still essential for companies that use laser marking systems. The study proposes a new approach to the process optimization through the use of genetic algorithms, carrying out preliminary experimental investigation, analyzing the laser marking results, and presenting possible improvements to the current implementation of genetic algorithms. >
ANALYSIS METHOD OF CALCULATION PARAMETERS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER PROCESSES IN THE STIRLING ENGINE
Authors: Semyonov Sergej , Tikhonov Sergej , Donchenko Mihail , Lukyanov Jurij , Perminov Andrej
Published: June 2017

The article highlights the optimal calculation methods for determining the parameters of heat and mass transfer processes occurring in the rotary-vane engine with an external supply of heat. It is shown that the mathematical model of working processes must consist of two parts. One part describes the processes occurring in the isolated volume. The second part describes the processes of mass exchange between the working chambers of two modules, as well as a heater or a cooler.