bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Limited Proteolysis by Trypsin on the Formation of Soy Protein Isolate Nanofibrils
Authors: An Di , Li Liang
Published: April 2020

Nanofibril system constructed by protein self-assembly is widely used in the food industry because of purposive functional properties. Soy protein isolate nanofibrils (SPINs) were reported to form via heating at pH 2.0. In this research, the soy protein isolate (SPI) hydrolysate prepared by trypsin was used as a raw material for the formation of nanofibrils called soy protein isolate hydrolysate nanofibrils (SPIHNs). Microscopic images demonstrated the formation of two nanofibrils. Based on circular dichroism spectroscopy and Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence spectral, we concluded thatβ-sheet played an important role in SPIN and SPIHN’s structural composition. At the same time, theα-helix in SPI had not been destroyed, thereby favoring the formation of SPIHN. The surface hydrophobicity of SPIHN continued to increase during the heating process and reached the highest value when heating 8 h. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that peptides produced by enzyme-modified SPI affected the formation of SPIHN. These results proposed that enzymatic hydrolysis prior to acidic during fibrillation process affected the fibrillation of SPI, and the peptides formed by enzymatic hydrolysis were more efficient for the self-assembly process. This study will provide a theoretical basis for the future research of SPI nanofibril functionality.
Some new records of katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Yadav Ramesh Singh , Kumar Dharmendra
Published: April 2020

In the present investigation intensive field surveys were undertaken to explore katydids of Uttar Pradesh.  Five species of katydids from four genera, namely, Letana cf. megastridula Ingrisch, 1990, Parasanaa donovani (Donovan, 1834), Sathrophyllia femorata (Fabricius, 1787), S. rugosa (Linnaeus, 1758), and Acanthoprion suspectum (Brunner 1895) were recorded for the first time from Uttar Pradesh, India.
Piroplasmosis in a captive Grant’s Zebra Equus quagga boehmi (Mammalia: Perissodactyla: Equidae) - a case study
Authors: Sahu Sarat Kumar , Sahoo Niranjana , Mohanty Bijayendranath , Mohapatra Debabrat
Published: April 2020

An apparently healthy 2½-year-old male Grant’s Zebra weighing approximately 200kg located at Nandankanan Zoological Park, Odisha, India, procured from Zoological Centre, Tel Aviv- Ramat Gan, Israel during September 2015 was noticed in a sitting position making frequent attempts to get up.  The zebra was immobilised the same day with a combination of 1.96mg etorphine hydrochloride, 8.0mg of acepromazine and 40.0mg of xylazine hydrochloride to facilitate diagnosis and treatment.  Clinical examinations did not reveal any signs suggestive of disease or disorder of the musculoskeletal system.  Microscopic examination of blood smears stained in Giemsa’s stain revealed the presence of intra-erythrocytic inclusions, either single or pairs, suggestive of haemoprotozoans, i.e., B. caballi and/or T. equi.  The zebra was administered with two divided doses of imidocarb injection @4.0mg/kg b.wt. deep intramuscularly in the neck region with supportive therapy.  Progressive improvement in posture, gait, and appetite were noticed following 24h of medication.  Three more doses of imidocarb were administered at 72h intervals, each time after immobilisation.
Comparative phytosociological assessment of three terrestrial ecosystems of Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala, India
Authors: Chandran M. Vishnu , Gopakumar S. , Mathews Anoopa
Published: April 2020

Phytosociological studies were conducted in three vegetation types in the WS II area of Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary.  In each vegetation type, 85 quadrats (10 x 10 m) were laid to quantify the vegetation.  Natural forest showed comparatively higher species richness than plantation and vayal (swamps/low lying grassland).  In natural forest 96 plant species were present while it was 70 and 66 respectively in plantation and vayal.  Fabaceae was the dominant family in all the three vegetation types.  The natural forest was dominated by Chromolaena odorata, followed by Lantana camara, Mimosa pudica, Terminalia elliptica, Glycosmis pentaphylla.  In the plantations, Chromolaena odorata, Tectona grandis, Mimosa pudica and Glycosmis pentaphylla showed dominance.  The vayal was dominated by Arundinella leptochloa.  The second most dominant species in the vayal was Chromolaena odorata.  Other dominant species were Kyllinga nemoralis and Sporobolus tenuissimus.  Among the three, vayal recorded the highest Simpson Diversity Index.  The highest Berger-Parker Dominance Index value in plantation indicates the presence of dominant species. Natural forests recorded highest Margalef Richness Index and the least was in vayal.  The highest Pielou’s Wiener Equitability Index in vayal indicated all species are evenly distributed.
Avifaunal diversity of some selected water bodies of Khanapur Taluka, Belagavi District, Karnataka, India
Authors: Neelgund Harsha D. , Kadadevaru Girish
Published: April 2020

An observation on avian species composition, density, and diversity was carried out at three selected water bodies of Khanapur Taluka, Belagavi District, for a period of 11 months in 2014.  During the study, a total of 28 species belonging to 12 families from five orders were recorded.  Of these, Ciconiiformes was represented by seven families followed by Coraciiformes by two families while Anseriformes, Charadriiformes and Gruiformes were represented by one family each.  Among the three water bodies studied, maximum species composition (26 species) was recorded from Nandgad pond which also hosts Lesser Adjutant Stork and Wooly-necked Stork categorized as ‘Vulnerable’ and Painted Stork, River Tern and Oriental White Ibis as ‘Near Threatened’ by the IUCN Red List.  Bidi Minor Irrigation Tank stands second with 17 species while the minimum was recorded at Hebbal Minor Irrigation Tank with 11 species.  Based on our observation, a smaller habitat with habitat heterogeneity can attract more assemblages of avifauna and also result in increased species richness and diversity.
Meliola elaeocarpicola sp. nov. (Ascomycetes, Meliolales) from Malabar Wildlife Sanctuary in Kerala State, India
Authors: Mathew Lini K. , Thomas Jacob
Published: April 2020

During a survey of the foliicolous fungi in the Malabar Wildlife Sanctuary in the Western Ghats region of Kerala State, India, a new black mildew fungus was collected from the leaves of Elaeocarpus sp. (Elaeocarpaceae).  Microscopic examinations of the infected plants revealed that it is an undescribed species of the genus Meliola Fries, and hence, this note.
Community-based study to demonstrate the presence and local perspectives of the Critically Endangered Chinese Pangolin Manis pentadactyla in Zhejiang Wuyanling, China
Authors: Li Hongying , Zhang Shusheng , Zhang Ji , Lei Zupei , Zheng Fangdong , Daszak Peter
Published: April 2020

Illegal hunting and trading of the Chinese Pangolin Manis pentadactyla has pushed this Critically Endangered species close to extinction.  While local reports have suggested its continued presence in mainland China, this has not been confirmed by a research group except for a survey of presumed pangolin burrows in 2004.  We conducted a six-month field study using infrared camera surveillance and community questionnaire survey in Zhejiang Wuyanling National Nature Reserve in China, to determine the status of Chinese Pangolins and understand local attitudes towards the conservation of this species.  Our study details the first verifiable documentation of two visual records of a Chinese Pangolin in the wild, demonstrating the suitability of pangolin habitat in Wuyanling region, and suggests an increasing awareness and strong willingness in local communities to conserve the Chinese Pangolin.
On the occurrence of Honey Badger Mellivora capensis (Mammalia: Carnivora: Mustelidae) in the northern Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Aditya Vikram , Pasul Yogesh , Thyagarajan Ganesh
Published: April 2020

The Honey Badger or Ratel is a monotypic species of the badger family Mustelidae ranging across Africa and Asia at low densities.  There have been no records of their presence and distribution across the Eastern Ghats of India.  The present note reports the first camera trap record of the Honey Badger Mellivora capensis Schreber, 1776 from the reserved forests of the northern Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh, India.
Loss of Critically Endangered Hawksbill Turtle nesting beach at EGA facility, Abu Dhabi, UAE
Authors: Adhavan D.
Published: April 2020

The beach in front of the Emirates Global Aluminium (EGA) facility has historically been visited by turtles and extensively used for nesting. The present study reveals the beach is not anymore conducive for sea turtle due to natural and climate change impacts.
Habitat structure determines the abundance of the Endangered Sharpe’s Longclaw Macronyx sharpei (Aves: Passeriformes: Motacillidae) at Timau montane grasslands in central Kenya
Authors: Dominic Kimani , Muchai Muchane , Kimanzi Johnstone , Mwangi Joseph , Wamiti Wanyoike , Bakari Samuel , Walter Bernhard , Njoroge Peter
Published: April 2020

Understanding the habitat selection and structure of a species is critical for developing evidence-centered conservation actions.  Sharpe’s Longclaw Macronyx sharpei, a passerine bird endemic to Kenya, is threatened by reductions in habitat size and quality that have left it inhabiting a small and highly fragmented range.  From January to June 2016 we investigated the abundance and density of Sharpe’s Longclaw in Marania farm located in Meru county in the northern sector of Mt. Kenya, where no previous study had been done.  Population abundance and density were determined using the flush and count method.  We observed that these birds were exclusively found in grasslands, being most abundant in habitats of short grass with tussocks, and less so in areas with tall grass.  This habitat specificity indicates a key requirement for survival of Sharpe’s Longclaw populations in this area.  We recommend surveys in and around Marania farm to determine the distribution of suitable habitats for this species, and that the farm be designated an Important Bird Area.  Further studies should also focus on determining the intensity of grazing that is compatible with conservation of Sharpe’s Longclaw populations.
Assamese Cat Snake Boiga quincunciata (Wall, 1908) (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubridae) - new country record for Bhutan
Authors: Chaida Lekey , Das Abhijit , Tshering Ugyen , Wangdi Dorji
Published: April 2020

We report first country record of Boiga quincunciata (Wall, 1908) (Squamata: Colubridae) from Bhutan.  This addition increases the ophidian fauna of Bhutan to 70 species and adds the seventh species of snake within the genus Boiga.
Prey selection and food habits of the Tiger Panthera tigris (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) in Kalakkad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, southern Western Ghats, India
Authors: Krishnakumar Bawa Mothilal , Nagarajan Rajarathinavelu , Muthamizh Selvan Kanagaraj
Published: April 2020

The Endangered Tiger Panthera tigris is the largest felid, distributed over 1.1 million km2 globally.  Conservation of Tigers largely depends on the preservation of its natural prey base and habitats.  Therefore, the availability of prey and its selection play a major role in the sustainable future of Tigers in the given landscape.  The current study assesses the prey selection patterns by Tigers in tropical evergreen forest of the Kalakkad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve (KMTR), southern Western Ghats, India.  Density of ungulates was assessed by distance sampling (line transect, N = 21) and diet composition of Tigers was evaluated by analysing their faecal samples (N = 66).  The study estimated very low ungulate density (26.87 ± 7.41 individuals km-2) with highest density of Gaur Bos gaurus (9.04 individuals km-2) followed by Wild Boar Sus scrofa (8.79 ± 2.73 individuals km-2), whereas, primate density was quite high (45.89 ± 12.48 individuals km-2), with Nilgiri Langur Semnopithecus johnii having the highest density (38.05 ± 10.22 individuals km-2).  About 74.62% of the biomass of Gaur constituted in the Tiger’s diet, consumed lesser than its availability, whereas Sambar constituted 16.73% of the Tiger diet consumed proportionally to its availability.  Chital Axis axis, Muntjac Muntiacus muntjak, and Indian Chevrotain Moschiola indica were not represented in the Tiger’s diet.  The current study is the first scientific information on prey selection of the Tiger in KMTR landscape, which will serve as a baseline for its conservation planning and management.
Herpetofauna of Shuklaphanta National Park, Nepal
Authors: Rawat Yam Bahadur , Bhattarai Santosh , Poudyal Laxman Prasad , Subedi Naresh
Published: April 2020

We present 71 herpetofauna species in Shuklaphanta National Park (ShNP) and its buffer zone based on field surveys, rescue records, photo, and literature records.  The list comprises 15 currently known species of amphibians and 56 species of reptiles.  We recorded Laudanka Vine Snake Ahaetulla laudankia  as a new species record for Nepal.  Likewise, four frog species, namely, Uperodon globulossus, Polypedates taeniatus, Hoplobatrachus crassus, and Minervarya peirrei; and one skink, Sphaenomorphus maculatus; one agamid, Laudakia tuberculata; one turtle, Pangshura tentoria circumdata; and 10 snakes, Eryx conicus, E. johnii, Coelognathus helena, C. radiatus, Chrysopelea ornata, Dendrelaphis tristis, Lycodon striatus, Oligodon arnensis, Psammophis cf condanarus, and Ophiophagus hannah are new records for ShNP.  Unregulated and illegal collection, road mortality, intentional killing are the observed threats to the herpetofauna.  Our aim of this study is to compile species richness and advocate for more rigorous inventories in future providing updated information of herpetofauna of ShNP.
Grasses of Kundadri Hills in the Western Ghats of Karnataka, India
Authors: Abhijit Hanchali Udayashankar , Krishnamurthy Yelugere Linganaik
Published: April 2020

Abstract: The present communication provides a checklist of grass flora in Kundadri Hill of central Western Ghats, Karnataka.  During the exploration, a total of 78 species belonging to two sub-families, 12 tribes, and 43 genera of Poaceae have been documented.
Eurylophella karelica Tiensuu, 1935 (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae) – an additional species to the mayfly fauna of Ukraine and notes on distribution of the family in the country
Authors: Martynov Alexander V.
Published: April 2020

A rare European species, Eurylophella karelica Tiensuu, 1935 (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae) is reported for the first time from Ukraine.  The larvae of the species were found within Ukrainian Polissya region in the Pripyat’ River basin. Species list of family Ephemerellidae of Ukraine with notes on species distribution within the country is given in the present contribution.
Field friendly method for wild feline semen cryopreservation
Authors: Araujo Gediendson Ribeiro de , Deco-Souza Thyara de , Bergo Letícia Coelho Ferreira , Silva Leanes Cruz da , Morato Ronaldo Gonçalves , Jorge-Neto Pedro Nacib , Silva Maitê Cardoso Coelho da , Macedo Gustavo Guerino , Paula Tarcízio Antônio Rego de
Published: April 2020

The aim of this study was to develop a field-friendly method for free-living jaguar and cougar semen cryopreservation.  Six captive Jaguars Panthera onca and three captive Cougars Puma concolor were chemically restrained with a combination of medetomidine (0.08–0.1 mg/kg) and ketamine (5 mg/kg).  Semen was collected through a tomcat urinary catheter with an open end, diluted for a final concentration of 50 x 106 sperm/mL in a TRIS-egg yolk extender and packaged into 0.25 mL straws.  We compared two cooling methods: CoolA - in which straws were placed in a glass tube that was placed in a glass bottle containing water (600mL at 38°C) and transferred to a polystyrene container (12L) containing an 11cm column of ice and water at room temperature; CoolB – where the glass bottle – straws kit was transferred to a 4.26L cooler containing nine blocks (81cm3) of Ice Foam recyclable ice, previously frozen in liquid nitrogen.  The sperm volume varied from 2 to 720 µl for the jaguars and from 80 to 140 µl for the cougars.  Sperm concentration varied from 224 to 5,115 x106 sperm/mL for the jaguars and from 485.7 to 562.5 x 106 sperm/mL for the cougars.  Concerning the cooling treatments, there was no difference in frozen-thawed sperm quality between the methods, in both species.  Thereby, the cooling method using recyclable ice frozen in liquid nitrogen can be used for semen cryopreservation in wild felines, eliminating the need for electric energy.
Varying colour pattern, yet genetically similar: Pebble Crab Seulocia vittata (Stimpson, 1858) (Brachyura: Leucosiidae) from the southeastern coast of India
Authors: Prakash Sanjeevi , Kumar Amit
Published: April 2020

Five adult specimens of leucosiid crab Seulocia vittata (Stimpson, 1858) were recently collected off the coast of Palk Bay, southern India.  Typical morphological examination revealed the presence of two colour patterns: grey and red.  Interestingly, molecular analysis based on the barcoding gene cytochrome oxidase sub unit I (COI) revealed that both grey and red colour patterns in S. vittata showed 0% sequence divergence between the specimens.  This indicates a situation of reverse cryptic behavior in this crab.  Surprisingly, the evolutionary and ecological processes leading to the absence of genetic divergence and variation in morphology (colour pattern) in S. vittata complex remain to be addressed.
Carotid Artery Stiffness is Associated With Cognitive Performance in Former Smokers With and Without Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Hoth Karin F. , Moreau Kerrie L. , Weinberger Howard D. , Holm Kristen E. , Meschede Kimberly , Crapo James D. , Make Barry J. , Moser David J. , Kozora Elizabeth , Bowler Russell P. , Pierce Gary L. , Ten Eyck Patrick , Wamboldt Frederick S.
Published: April 2020

Background

Heavy smokers perform worse on neuropsychological assessment than age‐matched peers. However, traditional pulmonary measures of airflow limitation and hypoxemia explain only a modest amount of variance in cognition. The current objective was to determine whether carotid artery stiffness is associated with cognition in former smokers beyond the effects of amount of smoking and pulmonary function.

Methods and Results

Eighty‐four former smokers including individuals across a spectrum of airflow limitation severity were included: 30 without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease [GOLD] 0 with normal spirometry and lung computed tomography), 31 with mild‐moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (
GOLD
1–2), and 23 with severe‐very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (
GOLD
3–4). Participants completed questionnaires, spirometry, carotid ultrasonography, and neuropsychological testing. Multiple linear regression was used to determine whether carotid artery stiffness is associated with neuropsychological performance in 4 cognitive domains after adjusting for age, sex, pack‐years of smoking, estimated premorbid intellectual functioning, and airflow limitation. Higher carotid artery β‐stiffness index was associated with reduced executive functioning‐processing speed in the fully adjusted model (β=−0.49,
SE
=0.14;
P
=0.001). Lower premorbid intellectual function, male sex, and presence of airflow limitation (
GOLD
1 or 2 and
GOLD
3 or 4) were also associated with worse executive functioning‐processing speed. β‐Stiffness index was not significantly associated with performance in other cognitive domains.

Conclusions

Carotid artery stiffness is associated with worse performance on executive functioning‐processing speed in former smokers beyond the effects of aging, amount of past smoking, severity of airflow limitation, and hypoxemia. Future research should examine whether carotid stiffness can be used to identify former smokers at risk for subsequent cognitive impairment.
Companion Animals and Religion: A Survey of Attitudes among Omani Students
Authors: Gustafsson Erni , Alawi Nabil , Andersen Per Normann
Published: April 2020

Prompted by the scarcity of studies on the attitudes of people towards pet (companion) animals in most Arab countries and inspired by their previous research on the attitudes towards animals in Palestine and Norway, the researchers conducted this study to measure the attitudes of university students in Oman with reference to religious observance. A total of 217 students at Sultan Qaboos University in Oman responded to the Pet Attitude Scale (PAS) combined with questions regarding religious observance. The findings revealed somewhat less positive attitudes toward companion animals among the Omani students than the Palestinian students. Despite the general high degree of religious observance among Omani students, the study showed no significant correlation between religiosity and attitudes towards animals among Omani students. Some difficulties connected with the use of self-report questionnaires and the possibilities to investigate attitudes versus actual behavior are also discussed.
Capitalist Terminal Crisis and the Rise of China
Authors: Assefa Abye
Published: April 2020

In received convention, “China” and “global south” are either a priori established as discrete categories or a posteriori prognosticated as linked units. As a consequence of the unambiguous antithesis between the two premises, “China” and “global South” are a fortiori synthesized by a formal tenet fabricated through inductive reasoning and supplanting substantive relations and dynamics. In contrast, this paper attempts to uncover the relational processes articulating “the rise of China” and “the rejuvenation of the global south,” previously the Third World. To that end, it makes use of the framework of world-system analysis in order to gain access to a cogent angle of vision that captures the historical context that actualizes and is actualized by China/global South relations and processes. This paper concludes that the capitalist system’s terminal crisis of accumulation, which has ramifications that are global in scope and cultural in scale, engenders the relational ground that transpires in the rise of China and the rejuvenation of the global south.
“Dear Friends”: From People’s Cultural Exchange to People’s Cultural Production
Authors: Huynh T Tu
Published: April 2020

The article explores how the politics of South-South cooperation, namely between Africa and China, play out at the level of cultural subjectivity, implicating modes of affect and identities that are not captured by the more commonly employed binary framework of “friend” or “enemy.” It asks whether it is possible for the Africans and Chinese to imagine each other without the West as its geocultural dominance diminishes; and if so, how is this being made possible? As modes of transmitting and learning, cultural initiatives under the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation and “Belt and Road Initiative” provide a window into both people’s understandings of one another. While necessary for building people-to-people relations, the article, relying on an analysis of data collected from Chinese websites, argues that the state-sponsored cultural exchanges largely reify existing racialized ideas of “the African” and Orientalist views of “the Chinese.” However, building on Simbao’s (2019) point about artists’ works that “push back” against dominant discourse, the article further argues and demonstrates through the journey and works of three artists (Chinese, Kenyan, and Ghanaian) that radical imaginaries reflecting the inner states of acting subjects of China-Africa engagements are available in local cultural productions, uncompromising in communicating shared beliefs and posing challenges to power relations on multiple scales.
The People’s Republic of China as Imagined in Taddeo Bwambale Nyondo’s Around China in 300 Days: A Journey Through 30 Cities and Towns (2017)
Authors: Kahyana Danson Sylvester
Published: April 2020

My article contributes to the current debates on travel, with special emphasis on Africans’ travels to China. I theorize travel writing from a South-South perspective, thereby bypassing the European colonial era, which is usually considered the watershed of travel writing. Besides, I interrogate the uncritical praise of China by the Ugandan traveller, Taddeo Bwambale Nyondo, as well as the absence of criticism of the country even when there are moments when this criticism could have come in handy. I argue that Nyondo is a subaltern writer, who visits a highly-industrialized country from which he hopes his country can learn key lessons on development, which makes him similar to Ham Mukasa and Sir Apolo Kagwa who visited England in 1902 and recorded their impressions of the country in Uganda’s first written travelogue, Uganda’s Katikiro in England (1904). By juxtaposing the contemporary writer’s views of China with the earlier travellers’ view of England, I hope to create a dialogic relationship with this earlier travelogue tradition, thereby giving readers the opportunity to see the connections and disjuncture between these two periods (i.e., 1900s and 2000s).
Our World through Our Words: the People and Their Stories through Our Ancestors’ Voices
Authors: Molebatsi Natalia , Huynh T Tu
Published: April 2020

The article aims to give local texture to people’s, specifically Chinese, mobilities in a South African context. Through a retelling of a grandmother’s stories to her granddaughter, we argue that they offer a vision of the world that Black and Chinese South Africans inhabited during apartheid – they disrupted the world built by the all-white government. During the apartheid period, people were forced to see the world in black and white terms, not to mention powerful and powerless. It is this reality of the past that an ancestor’s oral accounts about how her people met and interacted with people from other shores, who had different stories than hers, are important. In this article, one of the authors recalls and further reimagines these stories about people who came from afar to make their own living in South Africa, cross paths with the locals, and leave their own marks. The article also highlights the significance of “Mo-China,” the Chinese fafi gambling game in supplementing Black and Chinese South African urban livelihoods during apartheid. The article concludes by pointing out that these stories, crossing and informing worlds, are prohibited knowledge that requires new attention which debates on the Chinese presence in African contexts have neglected thus far.
A Multimodal Discourse Analysis of Zhaocaimao (Lucky Cat) Constructed by the Chinese Communities in South Africa
Authors: Hu Binjun
Published: April 2020

This paper traces how Maneki-Neko becomes appropriated by a specific demographic of people (mostly business owners) in China as Zhaocaimao since the 1980s, and travels with the recent Chinese migrants to South Africa after Apartheid. It aims to demonstrate how the flows of people and cultural symbols were mutually constructed through the ongoing, intersected process of adaptation and appropriation in new territories. A multimodal discourse analysis was performed on texts and images collected from interviews with ten people in Johannesburg’s Chinatowns. The paper arises from the conceptual backdrop of Sanders’s (2015) theory on adaptation and appropriation and Appadurai’s (1990) work on disjunctures in the politics of global culture. It argues that the process of sustained engagement between Maneki-Neko and the Chinese people who have appropriated it is mutually constructed and undergoes constant geopolitically embedded transformations of sinification as Maneki-Neko travels to new circumstances and contexts. Notably, the transnational appropriation and adaption of cultural symbols from folk traditions in a diasporic context create a sense of empowerment and ownership. Zhaocaimao in South Africa has become a symbol of a micro-identity against the backdrop of the disjunctive global economy and culture of today which turns the locality into a discursive field of Chinese identity/Chineseness and a site of ritual economy.
Chinese Green Tea in Mali, Cultural Mobility and African Agency in the Global South
Authors: Röschenthaler Ute
Published: April 2020

The paper offers insights from ethnographic research that reach beyond general assumptions of the working of globalization, especially in the Global South. It examines the ways in which the arrival of products made in China, namely green tea, has influenced the everyday of people in Mali, modifying consumption practices and the business landscape. Chinese green tea, which is known in the Sahel countries of West Africa since the 19th century, has gradually found more and more consumers in Mali, so that from the 2000s onwards tons of green tea arrive every month in the country. Most Malians, the paper shows, consume green tea several times a day and identify with the beverage to such an extent that it has even become their national drink. The paper further shows how, in spite of concerns of product durability and health standard, other industrially manufactured Chinese commodities, too, have replaced locally-made products but, at the same time, enabled people to connect to a global lifestyle. In essence, the insights the paper provides from ethnographic research on the circulation of green tea deepen understanding of how Chinese commodities become culturally appropriated or integrated with local everyday practices.
Historical Perspectives on Relations between Chama Cha Mapinduzi and the Communist Party of China (1965-1985)
Authors: Prah Kwesi Dzapong Lwazi Sarkodee
Published: April 2020

Between the respective anti-colonial movements in mainland China and Tanzania and the independence that followed, the political, economic and scientific development that ensued required systematic planning and implementation. The relationship that developed between Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) of Tanzania and the Communist Party of China (CPC) lay the foundation for what many regard as the proto-typical character and example of Chinese diplomacy and its influence in Africa, as well as how states and political parties interact with each other given certain global, geo-political challenges. This paper briefly outlines the main motivations, ideas, plans and implementation of the various exchanges and activities shared between the two political parties. It argues that the idea of party-to-party relations between China and Tanzania required a practical edge that prepared them for the global challenges they faced, and more importantly, prescribed the developmental nature of their relationship.
Actor, colonus, conductor, procurator in einem Brief des Kaisers Honorius
Authors: Jurewicz Aldona Rita
Published: April 2020

In this article the author presents three interpretations of the passage of emperor Honorius’ constitution that has been included in the Theodosian Code under the title quod iussu (CTh 2,31,1). The intention of the author is to prove the thesis that the emperor Honorius accepted a practically existing extension of the use of actio quod iussu to relations between landowners and overseers of the land property. Consequently the actio could be brought against the landowner or possessor of the land (dominus possessionis, cultor terrarum) on the ground that management personnel (servus, actor, conductor, colonus, procurator), regardless of their status libertatis, borrowed money with clear authorisation (iussum). The author does not share the opinion that the background of the emperor’s decision was the economic relation between the landowners and the management personnel.
Failing to observe holy days
Authors: Kirkland Justin Scott
Published: April 2020

The implementation of canon law in the medieval ecclesiastical courts is an enigmatic issue. This article focuses on the types of defense arguments made by people accused of failing to observe holy days, as well as how courts judged such excuses. Even though failing to properly observe holy days – nonobservance – was a minor crime, the courts set a high standard when evaluating justifiable excuses for failing to observe holy days. The courts tended to reject most defense arguments. Despite the overall decline of the ecclesiastical courts in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, there was no decline in the high standards demanded by the courts in nonobservance cases.
Cassatieberoepen tegen criminele vonnissen en arresten in het Leiedepartement, 1796-1813
Authors: Monballyu J.
Published: April 2020

In the department of the Lys, the cassation appeal against criminal judgments was introduced in 1796 and could be made by both the criminal convicts and the Public Prosecution Service. The first cassation appeal was lodged on 5 May 1796 and the last on 18 December 1813. In total, 187 (24%) of the 779 criminal judgments were appealed in cassation, in 172 cases by 319 criminal convicts and in 15 cases by the Public Prosecution Service. Of those 187 cassation appeals, 167 (89.3%) were rejected and 20 (10.7%) were accepted. In the latter cases, this led to the annulment of the contested judgment and, in most cases, the criminal proceedings were (partially) repeated for an equivalent, nearby criminal court.
Die Schriftheimat von Vat. Reg. Lat. 886 (Codex Theodosianus libri IX-XVI)
Authors: Sirks A.J.B.
Published: April 2020

It is generally assumed that the main manuscript of the Theodosian Code, Vat.Reg.Lat. 886, was copied in the 6th century in South-East Gaul, although Italy as provenance is not excluded. This manuscript contains marginal summaries, of which the origin is also attributed to Gaul. However, it can be shown that the largest group was made by one of the scribes (V2*) after 535 and before 554, on the very manuscript, that this was very likely done in Rome, and that the scribe was a Greek, perhaps a Byzantine official. This conclusion bears upon the provenance of Vat.Reg.Lat. 886. The errors in the Greek constitution CTh 9,45,4 imply that it cannot have been copied in the east. It must have been done in the west and not the Code, sent over in 437, was used (or else the Greek would be in order), but a copy of this Code, in which the scribe had misunderstood the Greek and made errors, which then figure in Vat.Reg.Lat. 886. The copying must have been done after 535 and just before the Summaria were made because the author of the Summaria was one of the correctors.
Changes in wood anatomical traits in Scots pine under different climate-change scenarios
Authors: Seo Jeong-Wook , Eckstein Dieter , Buras Allan , Fromm Jörg , Wilmking Martin , Olbrich Andrea
Published: April 2020

Although cell-anatomical variables are promising proxies reflecting seasonal as well as annual climate changes, their interdependencies are not yet fully understood. In the present study we assessed the changes in tree-ring width and various wood anatomical traits, including wall thickness, lumen diameter and tracheid diameter in the radial direction in saplings ofPinus sylvestrisunder six climatic conditions: 5°C warmer alone (ET) or combined with drought in June (ETJ) and in August (ETA) and CO2enrichment alone (EC, 770 ppm) or combined with drought in June (ECJ) and in August (ECA). The experiments related to temperature conditions using 2-year saplings and CO2conditions using 3-year saplings were completed in 2009 and 2010 in a greenhouse, respectively. Results showed that tree-ring width and tracheid diameter were not affected by any of the conditions applied, but the lumen diameter was larger and the wall thickness was thinner than those under control conditions. These reactions were verified under ETJin the warming treatment and under all conditions under CO2enrichment conditions. Our results indicated that drought counteracted the effects of elevated CO2concentrations on wood anatomical properties, signifying complex interactions between the two major effects of climate change. Our comparison of wood parameters through experiments highlight the potential effect of climate change — increased drought stress due to higher temperatures and water shortage as well as elevated ambient CO2, on tracheid lumen diameter and wall thickness. Whereas the ring-width and tracheid diameter practically remained unaffected under the above-mentioned conditions.
Roman Comedy
Authors: Manuwald Gesine
Published: April 2020

This contribution provides an introduction to all varieties of ‘Roman comedy’, including primarily fabula palliata (‘new comedy’, as represented by Plautus and Terence) as well as fabula togata, fabula Atellana, mimus and pantomimus. It examines the major developments in the establishment of these dramatic genres, their main characteristics, the performance contexts for them in Republican Rome, and their reception. The presentation of the key facts is accompanied by a description of the influential turns and recent trends in scholarship on Roman comedy. The essay is designed for scholars, teachers and (graduate) students who have some familiarity with Roman literature and are looking for (further) orientation in the area of Roman comedy.
Etymological Notes on Yakut Color Terms
Authors: Khabtagaeva Bayarma
Published: April 2020

The goal of the paper is to analyze Yakut color terms from an etymological perspective. In all, fifty-one color terms have been collected from different Yakut dictionaries and electronic sources. The terms show a heterogeneous picture: the basic color terms are of Common Turkic origin (e.g. küöx ‘blue’, qara ‘black’, kïhïl ‘red’) representing the archaic features, some basic color terms are absent in other Modern Turkic languages due to internal developments involving special Turkic or specifically Yakut suffixes (e.g. saharxay ‘yellow’, kïtarxay ‘red’). The largest group of Yakut color terms includes Mongolic loanwords, most of which are connected to the colors of animals (especially horses), which prove the Mongolic influence on the Yakut lifestyle. Another part of the paper considers the special suffixes in Yakut forming adjectives designating shades of colors, which have a mixed, i.e. Turkic and Mongolic origin. The paper tries to shed light on the way color terms may play in determining the place of the Yakut language among the Turkic languages.
“Taking a Walk on the Wild Side”: Exploring Residence-to-Crime in Juveniles
Authors: Trinidad Alexander , Vozmediano Laura , Ocáriz Estefanía , San-Juan César
Published: April 2020

Although evidence regarding the journey-to-crime in juvenile offenders is available for some areas of the world, little is known about their mobility patterns in Southern Europe. Variables such as prosocial facilities, transport stations, or socioeconomic backdrop have been proved to influence the traveled distance. Therefore, we aimed to confirm previous findings in the journey-to-crime literature using data provided by the Juvenile Justice Department of the Basque Country (Spain). Although some results are in line with those of previous studies, emphasizing the relevance of environmental factors for better understanding crime patterns in the juvenile population, other specific patterns also emerged that suggest the need to replicate research across countries and to consider specific behavior patterns and styles of spatial design in each study setting.
Facilitating Leadership Coach Capacity for School Leadership Development: The Intersection of Structured Community and Experiential Learning
Authors: Huggins Kristin Shawn , Klar Hans W. , Andreoli Parker M.
Published: April 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to examine how the leadership coaching capacities of experienced school leaders can be developed to support less-experienced school leaders to lead continuous improvement efforts. In this article, we report the findings of a 2-year study of experienced school leaders who developed their leadership coaching knowledge, skills, and dispositions to enhance the capacities of less-experienced school leaders in a research–practice partnership called the Leadership Learning Community. Research Methods: We drew on qualitative research methodology to answer the study’s research question. To collect our data, we utilized participant observations of 12 professional development days and 70 job-embedded coaching sessions over a 2-year period, yearly semistructured interviews with the eight leadership coach participants, and other artifacts related to the Leadership Learning Community. We analyzed our data using multiple rounds of coding to arrive at the themes. Findings: The findings highlight the possibilities of developing leadership coaching capacity through a combination of community-based structured and facilitated learning opportunities and experiential learning. The findings also add to the limited research regarding leadership coaching as a strategy for enhancing school leadership development. Conclusion and Implications: The results of the study provide assistance to national and state administrator organizations, educational service districts, and school district administrators endeavoring to meet the learning needs of school leaders through leadership coaching. Further research should be conducted to understand how the leadership coaching capacities of leadership supervisors and developers can be facilitated.
Signs of Traumatic Grief, Lack of Justice, Magnitude of Loss, and Signs of Resilience Following the Homicidal Loss of Their Adult Child Among Caribbean Black Mothers
Authors: Huggins Camille , Hinkson Glenda
Published: April 2020

This study examined the aftermath of adult homicide on Trinidadian mothers. This is an understudied population, and the ability of these mothers to cope with the aftermath of such a tragedy needs to be fully acknowledged in order to understand their mental health status after the traumatic death of an adult child. This study utilized a narrative analysis approach to interview 20 mothers and used NVIVO 12 software to analyze the data. The findings highlight that factors such as multiple deaths, the scale of loss, and attempts to seek justice complicated the grief process. Although none of the mothers interviewed were diagnosed with a grief disorder, it was evident that their grief was indeed traumatic. It took more than a year for some mothers to find ways and opportunities for resilience, while others continue to struggle in the aftermath. Homicidally bereaved mothers are a distinct population that should be studied as they have the experiential knowledge and are willing to share the feelings and trauma-related needs after their loss.
Attitude Toward Death From the Perspective of Erik Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Ego Development: An Unused Potential
Authors: Sekowski Marcin
Published: April 2020

The aim of the article is to design a conceptual framework within the theory of psychosocial ego development that will allow for a better understanding and explanation of attitude toward death in the life cycle. The main weaknesses of previous studies on death attitude were examined; Erikson’s concept may help exceed these limitations. The use of the model of hierarchy of defense mechanisms to study death attitude within Erikson’s theory was proposed. The concept of the death complex was mentioned to better conceptualize the problem of attitude toward death as a part of the psychosocial theory. Finally, the evolution of attitude toward death in the consecutive phases of psychosocial development was discussed in the light of the concept of syntonic and dystonic ego features, as well as death complex, defense mechanisms, and psychosexual modes.
Optically stimulated luminescence dating of a probable Native American cairn and wall site in Eastern Pennsylvania
Authors: Feathers James , Muller Norman
Published: April 2020

More than 5000 rock structure sites are found in northeastern United States, but their cultural attribution has long been debated. Some argue than many are prehistoric in origin, while others maintain they all date to colonial times. Few have been dated, and of those that have, the association of the dated material and the rocks can be challenged. Here, we provide luminescence analysis on the rocks themselves at a large site in eastern Pennsylvania. Our results suggest an age coeval with the Adena culture of the Ohio Valley.
Can Yoga Overcome Criminality? The Impact of Yoga on Recidivism in Israeli Prisons
Authors: Kovalsky Shaked , Hasisi Badi , Haviv Noam , Elisha Ety
Published: April 2020

In recent years, yoga practices have been integrated into formal prison rehabilitation programs of the Israel Prison Service (IPS), as part of the informal education system, giving rise to innovative criminological theories such as positive criminology that emphasize the development of offenders’ strengths by facilitating rehabilitation and reintegration processes. The purpose of the present study was to examine the correlation between yoga practice and recidivism among released prisoners who participated in yoga programs during their incarceration in comparison with a matched control group of those who did not participate in yoga programs over a follow-up period of 5 years. To examine the effectiveness of the program, propensity score matching was used to compile the comparison group from among all convicted prisoners who were released from the Israeli prisons. Study results indicate that yoga may affect recidivism, supported by a finding of lower recidivism rates among released prisoners who had practiced yoga during their incarceration, compared with a matched control group. However, further study is needed including randomized controlled trials (RCTs). In light of these positive results, we recommend policy-makers consider expanding alternative practices such as yoga into prisons, in recognition of their contribution to the rehabilitation process through the development of personal and social strengths.
General Practitioners Are from Mars, Administrators Are from Venus: The Role of Misaligned Occupational Dispositions in Inhibiting Mandated Role Change
Authors: Wiedner Rene , Nigam Amit , da Silva Jose Bento
Published: April 2020

Research on mandated occupational role change focuses on jurisdictional conflict to explain change failure. The authors’ study of the English National Health Service highlights the role of occupational dispositions in shaping how mandated role change is implemented by members of multiple occupational groups. The authors find that tension stemming from misaligned dispositions may emerge as members of different occupations interact during their role change implementation efforts. Depending on dispositional responses to tension, change may fail as members of the different occupations avoid interactions. This suggests that effective role change can be elusive even in the initial absence of conflicting occupational interests.
Free Nipple Grafts: What to Expect During the Healing Process
Authors: Won Alvina , Mangubat E. Antonio
Published: April 2020

A variety of surgical techniques for masculinizing chest wall reconstruction has been described. One well-described approach is the double incision subcutaneous mastectomy with free nipple grafts. There is little documentation available that clearly describes the healing process of free nipple grafts for patients and their caregivers. The nipple-areolar complex is harvested as a full-thickness skin graft. It is resized and repositioned to conform to a more masculine aesthetic. A bolster of nonadherent dressing is tied over the graft and left in position for 7 days as adherence, imbibition, and inosculation occur. The superficial layer of epidermis of the graft initially exfoliates as it is replaced by upwardly migrating cells of follicular epithelium. This is observed as a sloughing which can be disturbing to the patient although it is an expected progression of the healing process. Viable pink dermis will be seen underneath. Pigmentation of the nipple graft can take 3-9 months. Free nipple grafts are useful in cosmetic and reconstructive surgery of the breast. Additional documentation of the healing process provided here can help reassure the patient and their primary care providers.