bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Localization of SERBP1 in stress granules and nucleoli
Authors: Lee Yu‐Jen , Wei Hung‐Ming , Chen Ling‐Yun , Li Chuan
Published: November 2013

SERPINE1 mRNA‐binding protein 1 (SERBP1) is an arginine‐methylated RNA‐binding protein whose modification affects protein interaction and intracellular localization. In the present study, we show that, under normal growth conditions without stress, SERBP1 interacts with arginine‐methylated and stress granule‐associated proteins such as heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1, fragile X mental retardation protein and fragile X mental retardation syndrome‐related protein 1 in an RNA‐dependent manner. We also show that, after arsenite treatment, a proportion of full‐length SERBP1 protein co‐localizes with the typical stress granule marker T‐cell intracellular antigen‐1 in the cytoplasmic stress granules. Truncated SERBP1 with an N–terminal, central RG or C–terminal deletion, or single‐domain segments comprising the N–terminal, central or C–terminal region, were recruited to stress granules upon arsenite treatment but with reduced efficiency. In addition, upon arsenite treatment, the localization of SERBP1 changed from a diffuse cytoplasmic localization to nuclear‐dominant (concentrated in the nucleolus) A similar distribution was observed when cells were treated with the methylation inhibitor adenosine periodate, and was also detected for N‐ or C–terminal domain deletions and all three single‐domain fragments even without stress induction. We further demonstrate that adenosine periodate treatment delays the association/dissociation of SERBP1 with stress granules. Hypomethylation retains SERBP1 in the nucleus/nucleolus regardless of arsenite treatment. Our study indicates that arginine methylation is correlated with recruitment of SERBP to stress granules and nucleoli and its retention therein. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an RNA‐binding protein that is shifted simultaneously to cytoplasmic stress granules and nucleoli, two ribonucleoprotein‐enriched subcellular compartments, upon stress.
Benzodiazepine discontinuation and patient outcome in a chronic geriatric medical/psychiatric unit: A retrospective chart review
Authors: Yokoi Yuma , Misal Meenal , Oh Esther , Bellantoni Michele , Rosenberg Paul B
Published: November 2013

Aim

A substantial number of elderly patients take benzodiazepines (BZD) regularly despite concerns about toxicity and possible dependence, and there are relatively few data to guide clinicians' decisions regarding discontinuing benzodiazepines in the elderly.

Methods

We carried out a retrospective chart review of 75 elderly patients admitted to a chronic medical/psychiatric unit who were taking a standing dose of benzodiazepines on admission, comparing 40 patients who discontinued benzodiazepines versus 35 who did not discontinue.

Purpose

We examined the association of BZD discontinuation versus continuation with clinical outcomes on discharge, and further examined clinical characteristics associated with BZD discontinuation.

Results

Discontinuers had shorter length of stay without evidence of worse cognitive and functional outcome except a trend toward increased incidence of agitation. Logistic regression models suggested anxiety, higher age and higher dose of antidepressants at the beginning were significantly related to successful discontinuation during admission after regression.

Conclusion

These data imply that BZD withdrawal during admission can be safe and feasible in many elderly frail patients, and that withdrawal might be associated with shorter duration of chronic hospitalization. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14: 388–394.
Prediction of non‐biochemical recurrence rate after radical prostatectomy in a Japanese cohort: Development of a postoperative nomogram
Authors: Okubo Hidenori , Ohori Makoto , Ohno Yoshio , Nakashima Jun , Inoue Rie , Nagao Toshitaka , Tachibana Masaaki
Published: November 2013

Objective

To develop a nomogram based on postoperative factors and prostate‐specific antigen levels to predict the non‐biochemical recurrence rate after radical prostatectomy in a Japanese cohort.

Methods

A total of 606 Japanese patients with T1‐3N0M0 prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection at Tokyo Medical University hospital from 2000 to 2010 were studied. A nomogram was constructed based on Cox hazard regression analysis evaluating the prognostic significance of serum prostate‐specific antigen and pathological factors in the radical prostatectomy specimens. The discriminating ability of the nomogram was assessed by the concordance index (C‐index), and the predicted and actual outcomes were compared with a bootstrapped calibration plot.

Results

With a mean follow up of 60.0 months, a total of 187 patients (30.9%) experienced biochemical recurrence, with a 5‐year non‐biochemical recurrence rate of 72.3%. Based on a Cox hazard regression model, a nomogram was constructed to predict non‐biochemical recurrence using serum prostate‐specific antigen level and pathological features in radical prostatectomy specimens. The concordance index was 0.77, and the calibration plots appeared to be accurate.

Conclusions

The postoperative nomogram described here can provide valuable information regarding the need for adjuvant/salvage radiation or hormonal therapy in patients after radical prostatectomy.
Template‐based lymphadenectomy in urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis: A prospective study
Authors: Kondo Tsunenori , Hara Isao , Takagi Toshio , Kodama Yoshiki , Hashimoto Yasunobu , Kobayashi Hirohito , Iizuka Junpei , Omae Kenji , Yoshida Kazuhiko , Tanabe Kazunari
Published: November 2013

Objectives

Recent studies showed the therapeutic benefit of lymphadenectomy in advanced stage urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract, but there is still a lack of prospective studies and standardization of the extent of lymphadenectomy. The aim of this multi‐institutional study was to examine the role of lymphadenectomy in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract.

Methods

From January 2005 to September 2012, 77 patients undergoing nephroureterectomy and lymphadenectomy for non‐metastatic (cN0M0) urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract were included in a prospective study at two Japanese institutions (lymphadenectomy group). Lymphadenectomies were carried out according to definite anatomical template. Results from this group were compared with those from a control group of 89 patients who did not receive lymphadenectomy during the study period (no lymphadenectomy group).

Results

In patients with urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract in the renal pelvis of pathological stage 2 or higher, template‐based lymphadenectomy resulted in significantly higher cancer‐specific survival (89.8% and 51.7%, P = 0.01) and overall survival (86.1% and 48.0%, P = 0.01). Disease‐free survival tended to be higher in the lymphadenectomy group (77.8% and 50.0%, P = 0.06). Template‐based lymphadenectomy was a significant independent factor for reducing the risk of cancer death in patients with renal pelvic cancer of ≥pT2 by multivariate analysis. In contrast, cancer‐specific survival of patients with ureteral urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract was not significantly different between the lymphadenectomy and no lymphadenectomy groups.

Conclusions

This multi‐institutional prospective study further supports the therapeutic role of template‐based lymphadenectomy in patients with advanced‐stage urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract in the renal pelvis. This is not the case for patients with ureteral urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract.
Postural Position Constrains Multimodal Object Exploration in Infants
Authors: Soska Kasey C. , Adolph Karen E.
Published: November 2013

Recent research has revealed the important role of multimodal object exploration in infants' cognitive and social development. Yet, the real‐time effects of postural position on infants' object exploration have been largely ignored. In the current study, 5‐ to 7‐month‐old infants (N = 29) handled objects while placed in supported sitting, supine, and prone postures, and their spontaneous exploratory behaviors were observed. Infants produced more manual, oral, and visual exploration in sitting compared to lying supine and prone. Moreover, while sitting, infants more often coupled manual exploration with mouthing and visual examination. Infants' opportunities for learning from object exploration are embedded within a real‐time postural context that constrains the quantity and quality of exploratory behavior.
Ultrastructure of the sperm of Adelobothrium sp. (Cestoda: Lecanicephalidea)
Authors: Cielocha Joanna J. , Yoneva Aneta , Cantino Marie E. , Daniels Stephen , Jensen Kirsten
Published: November 2013

This study provides the first description of the ultrastructure of the spermatozoon of a lecanicephalidean cestode. Based on our observations on Adelobothrium sp. (Cestoda: Lecanicephalidea), we confirm the placement of the spermatozoa of lecanicephalideans in the Type IV spermatozoan category. A new feature, the anterior spiral structure, is described at the anterior extremity of the mature spermatozoon. The crested body is present in the anterior half of the spermatozoon and is identified by its ovoid to lunar shape, becoming circular and decreasing in size near its posterior limit. A row of ten parallel cortical microtubules persists in the anterior region of the mature spermatozoon, terminating at the level of the nucleus. The nucleus continues after the disassociation of the axoneme in the posterior region. A review of other cestodes with Type IV spermatozoa is presented, including confirmation that members of the Rhinebothriidea have spermatozoa of this type. That phyllobothriid tetraphyllideans have Type IV spermatozoa is called into question. Spermatozoa of a mere 2.6% of all cestode species have been studied. Further studies are needed to better understand spermatozoan character variation, especially if it is to be useful in elucidating evolutionary patterns among cestodes.
Functional morphology of the seminal receptacle in the crab Metacarcinus edwardsii
Authors: Pardo Luis Miguel , Riveros Marcela , Fuentes Juan Pablo , López‐Greco Laura
Published: November 2013

One of the most remarkable features of the reproductive systems of eubrachyuran crabs is the presence of specialized organs for sperm storage, the seminal receptacles. Descriptions of seminal receptacle morphology, sperm storage time, sperm retention across molts, and the capacity to store multiple ejaculates from different males can help in understanding crab mating strategies as well as in preventing negative effects of male‐biased fisheries of heavily harvested species. Metacarcinus edwardsii is the most harvested crab in Chile, but its reproductive biology is largely unstudied. In this study, the morphology of the seminal receptacles of M. edwardsii is characterized from the macroscopic to the microscopic level, during key points in the reproductive cycle. The receptacles of experimentally mated and wild‐caught females were included in this analysis. Metacarcinus edwardsii has ventral‐type seminal receptacles that are able to retain sperm after molting, and even after extrusion of the eggs. Stratification of multiple ejaculates is clearly observed. In general, the pattern of sperm storage indicates that populations of this species, like those of other cancrid crabs, could have high resilience to the negative effects of the selective harvest of males, principally because females have a great sperm storage capacity.
Patient perceptions of patient‐empowering nurse behaviours, patient activation and functional health status in postsurgical patients with life‐threatening long‐term illnesses
Authors: Jerofke Teresa , Weiss Marianne , Yakusheva Olga
Published: November 2013

Aim

To explore the trajectory of associations between the nursing care process of patient empowerment during postsurgical hospitalization and postdischarge patient self‐management outcomes, specifically patient activation and functional health status.

Background

Patient‐centred care models advocate for patient empowerment in long‐term illness care. Postsurgical patients with life‐threatening long‐term illnesses frequently feel powerless, have unmet needs, decreased functional health status and high readmission rates; however, previous studies of patient empowerment have conceptualized empowerment as an outcome primarily in outpatient settings, with little attention paid to provider processes used to empower patients during hospitalizations.

Design

A non‐experimental, prospective, correlational study.

Methods

This sample consisted of 113 postsurgical cancer and cardiac patients enrolled between August 2012–February 2013. Patient perceptions of patient‐empowering nurse behaviours and baseline patient activation were measured prior to discharge. Patient activation and functional health status were measured 6 weeks following discharge. Data were analysed with multiple linear regression using a simultaneous equation approach.

Results

Patients reported high perceptions of patient‐empowering nurse behaviours and patient activation levels. Functional health status scores were below population norms. Patient perceptions of empowering nurse behaviours were positively associated with postdischarge patient activation, which was positively associated with mental functional health status. Length of stay was the only significant predictor of physical functional health status.

Conclusion

This study provides further quantitative evidence supporting the relationship between quality nursing care and postdischarge patient outcomes. Intentional use of patient‐empowering nurse behaviours could lead to improved patient activation and functional health status in postsurgical patients with life‐threatening long‐term illnesses.
A review of the mechanisms and effectiveness of dietary polyphenols in reducing oxidative stress and thrombotic risk
Authors: Santhakumar A. B. , Bulmer A. C. , Singh I.
Published: November 2013

Dietary sources of polyphenols, which are derivatives and/or isomers of flavones, isoflavones, flavonols, catechins and phenolic acids, possess antioxidant properties and therefore might be important in preventing oxidative‐stress‐induced platelet activation and attenuating adverse haemostatic function. Free radicals, including reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, promote oxidative stress, leading to platelet hyperactivation and the risk of thrombosis. The consumption of antioxidant/polyphenol rich foods might therefore impart anti‐thrombotic and cardiovascular protective effects via their inhibition of platelet hyperactivation or aggregation. Most commonly‐used anti‐platelet drugs such as aspirin block the cyclooxygenase (COX)‐1 pathway of platelet activation, similar to the action of antioxidants with respect to neutralising hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), with a similar effect on thromboxane production via the COX‐1 pathway. Polyphenols also target various additional platelet activation pathways (e.g. by blocking platelet‐ADP, collagen receptors); thus alleviating fibrinogen binding to platelet surface (GPIIb‐IIIa) receptors, reducing further platelet recruitment for aggregation and inhibiting platelet degranulation. As a result of the ability of polyphenols to target additional pathways of platelet activation, they may have the potential to substitute or complement currently used anti‐platelet drugs in sedentary, obese, pre‐diabetic or diabetic populations who can be resistant or sensitive to pharmacological anti‐platelet therapy.
Relationship of body compositional and nutritional parameters with blood pressure in adults
Authors: Pal A. , De S. , Sengupta P. , Maity P. , Dhara P. C.
Published: November 2013

Background

Obesity has been regarded as a single best predictor and major controllable contributor to hypertension. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between body compositional and nutritional parameters with blood pressure in rural Bengalee adults.

Methods

Anthropometric measures, blood pressure and nutritional parameters were measured in 522 rural Bengalee adults using standard protocols. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was carried out to identify cut‐off values of body mass index (BMI) and percentage of body fat (BF%) as associated factors of hypertension and hypotension.

Results

Most of the subjects were normotensive. However, a notable percentage had hypertension (males: 21.86%; females: 15.27%), although the prevalence of hypotension was low (males: 10.53%; females: 8.73%). Obesity indicators were significantly higher in hypertensive individuals than hypotensive and normotensive individuals. All anthropometric parameters and obesity indicators were significantly correlated (P < 0.001) with blood pressure. Blood pressure increased steadily from being underweight through to normal and then to overweight/obese individuals. There were significant differences in the percentage of hypertension and hypotension between nutritional categories. Blood pressure had significant positive correlation with energy, carbohydrate and fat intake, whereas protein and calcium were negatively associated with blood pressure. The suggested cut‐off values of BMI and BF%, which were taken as associated factors of hypertension, were 21.86 kg m−2 and 20.31%, and those of hypotension were 18.18 kg m−2 and 13.3%, respectively.

Conclusions

In lean rural Bengalee populations, high BMI levels may be associated with an increased risk of hypertension. The cut‐off values of BMI and BF% in the present study suggested associated factors for cardiovacular risk factors and these values may be of help with respect to reducing mean population blood pressure levels.
Effects of green tea or green tea extract on insulin sensitivity and glycaemic control in populations at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Wang X. , Tian J. , Jiang J. , Li L. , Ying X. , Tian H. , Nie M.
Published: November 2013

Background

Although the regular consumption of green tea or green tea extract has been considered to improve insulin sensitivity, the reported results are inconsistent. Therefore, we conducted a meta‐analysis to evaluate the effect of green tea or green tea extract on insulin sensitivity and glycaemic control in populations at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods

Electronic databases, including PUBMED, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, ISI Web of Knowledge, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database and Chinese Scientific Journals Fulltext Database, were systematically searched to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) up to December 2011, supplemented by the Clinicaltrials.gov websites and the reference lists of identified studies. Two reviewers independently selected trials, extracted data, and evaluated the methodological qualities and evidence levels.

Results

Seven RCTs involving 510 participants were identified. There was no statistically significant difference between green tea or green tea extract group and placebo group with regard to fasting plasma glucose [standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.04; 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.15 to 0.24], fasting serum insulin (SMD −0.09; 95% CI −0.30 to 0.11), 2‐h plasma glucose in the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT−2 h) (SMD −0.14; 95% CI −0.63 to 0.34), haemoglobin A1c (SMD 0.10; 95% CI −0.13 to 0.33) and homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMAIR) index (SMD −0.06; 95% CI −0.35 to 0.23) in participants at risk of T2DM.

Conclusions

The consumption of green tea did not decrease the levels of fasting plasma glucose, fasting serum insulin, OGTT−2 h glucose, haemoglobin A1c and HOMAIR in populations at risk of T2DM. Larger, longer‐term and high‐quality RCTs are needed to further definitely determine the effect of green tea or green tea extract on insulin sensitivity and glycaemic control in populations at risk of T2DM.
Misreporting of energy intake in the 2007 Australian Children's Survey: differences in the reporting of food types between plausible, under‐ and over‐reporters of energy intake
Authors: Rangan A. , Allman‐Farinelli M. , Donohoe E. , Gill T.
Published: November 2013

Background

Misreporting is common when collecting dietary intake data, although relatively little is known about the types of foods misreported among children. The present study aimed to identify differences in the reporting of food types between plausible and misreporters of energy intake in a national nutrition survey of Australian children.

Methods

Dietary data were collected using a 24‐h recall from 4826 children aged 2–16 years who were participating in the 2007 Australian National Children's Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. Misreporters of energy intake were classified using the Goldberg criteria. Differences in the reporting of a range of food types were examined between plausible, under‐ and over‐reporters.

Results

Compared with plausible reporters, under‐reporters reported less frequent consumption and smaller quantities of consumption of both core and noncore foods. Older children (self‐report) under‐reported a larger selection of noncore foods than younger children (parental report). Over‐reporters reported similar percentages of consumption of many core and noncore foods, with some exceptions. The quantities consumed by over‐reporters were generally much larger and this was evident in younger and older children. Compared with plausible reporters, under‐reporters had significantly higher intakes of protein and starch but lower intakes of sugar and fat, as percentage energy, than plausible reporters, whereas over‐reporters had higher fat and lower carbohydrate intakes.

Conclusions

Differences in the reporting of food types were common between plausible, under‐ and over‐reporters of energy intake by children (or their parents) and were not restricted to noncore foods.
Modeling and Assessing Variability in Energy Consumption During the Use Stage of Online Multimedia Services
Authors: Schien Daniel , Shabajee Paul , Yearworth Mike , Preist Chris
Published: November 2013

In this study, we use an improved, more accurate model to analyze the energy footprint of content downloaded from a major online newspaper by means of various combinations of user devices and access networks. Our results indicate that previous analyses based on average figures for laptops or desktop personal computers predict national and global energy consumption values that are unrealistically high. Additionally, we identify the components that contribute most of the total energy consumption during the use stage of the life cycle of digital services. We find that, depending on the type of user device and access network employed, the data center where the news content originates consumes between 4% and 48% of the total energy consumption when news articles are read and between 2% and 11% when video content is viewed. Similarly, we find that user devices consume between 7% and 90% and 0.7% and 78% for articles and video content, respectively, depending on the type of user device and access network that is employed. Though increasing awareness of the energy consumption by data centers is justified, an analysis of our results shows that for individual users of the online newspaper we studied, energy use by user devices and the third‐generation (3G) mobile network are usually bigger contributors to the service footprint than the datacenters. Analysis of our results also shows that data transfer of video content has a significant energy use on the 3G mobile network, but less so elsewhere. Hence, a strategy of reducing the resolution of video would reduce the energy footprint for individual users who are using mobile devices to access content by the 3G network.
Considering Variations in Waste Composition during Waste Input‐Output Modeling
Authors: Li Jing , Lin Chen , Huang Shaoan
Published: November 2013

Concentrations of pollutants vary in wastes from different sources. However, existing waste input‐output (WIO) models do not take these differing concentrations into account. This article proposes a new category of model, which we are calling a waste input‐output model at the substance level (WIOS model). The WIOS model considers variations in waste composition. These variations potentially affect the life cycle inventory of the waste treatment stage. The proposed model is expected to produce more accurate results than existing WIO models that do not consider variations in the composition of wastes. In addition, the proposed model provides a method to trace substances undergoing waste treatment. In this article, use of the WIOS model is illustrated by simulating the overall environmental loads of total organic carbon from wastewater treatment at a facility in Germany. The results show that variations in the composition of wastes entering treatment significantly affect the modeled estimates of total environmental loads caused by wastewater treatment. In addition, the results of the proposed model are different from results given by existing hybrid input‐output WIO models that do not consider variations in the composition of wastewater as it undergoes treatment.
Two splicing variants of a novel family of octopamine receptors with different signaling properties
Authors: Wu Shun‐Fan , Xu Gang , Qi Yi‐Xiang , Xia Ren‐Ying , Huang Jia , Ye Gong‐Yin
Published: November 2013

The octopamine and tyramine, as the invertebrate counterparts of the vertebrate adrenergic transmitters, control and modulate many physiological and behavioral processes. Both molecules mediate their effects by binding to specific receptors belonging to the superfamily of G‐protein‐coupled receptors. So far, four families of octopamine and tyramine receptors have been reported. Here, we described the functional characterization of one putative octopamine/tyramine receptor gene from the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis. By a mechanism of alternative splicing, this receptor gene (CsOA3) encodes two molecularly distinct transcripts, CsOA3S and CsOA3L. CsOA3L differs from CsOA3S on account of the presence of an additional 30 amino acids within the third intracellular loop. When heterologously expressed, both receptors cause increases of intracellular Ca2+ concentration. The short form, CsOA3S, was activated by both octopamine and tyramine, resulting in decreased intracellular cAMP levels ([cAMP]i) in a dose‐dependent manner, whereas dopamine and serotonin are not effective. However, CsOA3L did not show any impact on [cAMP]i. Studies with series of agonists and antagonists confirmed that CsOA3 has a different pharmacological profile from that of other octopamine receptor families. The CsOA3 is, to our knowledge, a novel family of insect octopamine receptors.

image

Octopamine, the invertebrate counterpart of noradrenaline, modulates many physiological processes. Four families of octopamine/tyramine receptors have been reported. We found that a novel family of octopamine receptors, which encodes two transcripts by alternative splicing, couple with different second messenger pathways. It implicated that one octopamine receptor gene could play different functional roles by alternative splicing.
Chromogranin B: intra‐ and extra‐cellular mechanisms to regulate catecholamine storage and release, in catecholaminergic cells and organisms
Authors: Zhang Kuixing , Biswas Nilima , Gayen Jiaur R. , Miramontes‐Gonzalez Jose Pablo , Hightower C. Makena , Mustapic Maja , Mahata Manjula , Huang Chun‐Teng , Hook Vivian Y. , Mahata Sushil K. , Vaingankar Sucheta , O'Connor Daniel T.
Published: November 2013

Chromogranin B (CHGB) is the major matrix protein in human catecholamine storage vesicles. CHGB genetic variation alters catecholamine secretion and blood pressure. Here, effective Chgb protein under‐expression was achieved by siRNA in PC12 cells, resulting in ~ 48% fewer secretory granules on electron microscopy, diminished capacity for catecholamine uptake (by ~ 79%), and a ~ 73% decline in stores available for nicotinic cholinergic‐stimulated secretion. In vivo, loss of Chgb in knockout mice resulted in a ~ 35% decline in chromaffin granule abundance and ~ 44% decline in granule diameter, accompanied by unregulated catecholamine release into plasma. Over‐expression of CHGB was achieved by transduction of a CHGB‐expressing lentivirus, resulting in ~ 127% elevation in CHGB protein, with ~ 122% greater abundance of secretory granules, but only ~ 14% increased uptake of catecholamines, and no effect on nicotinic‐triggered secretion. Human CHGB protein and its proteolytic fragments inhibited nicotinic‐stimulated catecholamine release by ~ 72%. One conserved‐region CHGB peptide inhibited nicotinic‐triggered secretion by up to ~ 41%, with partial blockade of cationic signal transduction. We conclude that bi‐directional quantitative derangements in CHGB abundance result in profound changes in vesicular storage and release of catecholamines. When processed and released extra‐cellularly, CHGB proteolytic fragments exert a feedback effect to inhibit catecholamine secretion, especially during nicotinic cholinergic stimulation.

image

Here, we show reciprocal actions of Chromogranin B (CHGB) on catecholamine storage (stimulation) and release (inhibition). The figure synthesizes consequences of experimental results. Within chromaffin cells, CHGB participates in assembly of catecholamine secretory vesicles, and governs their secretory capacity under nicotinic stimulation. After cleavage and release into the extracellular space, CHGB [and its peptide hCHGB[60–67](KFEVRLLR)] exerts negative feedback effects to inhibit the secretory response to acetylcholine (ACh).
Investigating the sexual function and its associated factors in women with chronic illnesses
Authors: Mollaoğlu Mukadder , Tuncay Fatma Özkan , Fertelli Tülay K
Published: November 2013

Aims and objectives

To evaluate sexual dysfunction and the factors that affect sexual dysfunction in women with chronic disease.

Background

Sexual dysfunction is one of the most common problems in women with chronic disease. There is limited understanding of the related factors of sexual dysfunction in women with chronic disease, with research currently limited to other problems and problems related to chronic diseases.

Design

This research was conducted as a descriptive survey.

Methods

This study involved 100 female inpatients at clinics of internal medicine of a university hospital. Data were collected with a patients identification form and a female sexual function index (KCFI). Kruskal–Wallis test, test of significance of difference between two means and test of significance of difference between two pairs were used in the data analysis.

Results

Sixty‐five percentage of women in the sample were defined to have sexual dysfunction. The majority of women expressed pain during sexual intercourse, problems in orgasm and satisfaction, and reluctance to have sex. Older age, being unemployed, being in menopause, fatigue, sleep disorder, and pain and weakness in extremities were the factors that were found to significantly affect the prevalence of sexual dysfunction (p < 0·05).

Conclusions

This study concluded that sexual function of women with chronic disease is affected negatively. Chronic disease–related symptoms, experienced changes in the body and psychosocial problems are changing the lives of women. Ultimately, these changes also affect sexual activity.

Relevance to clinical practice

Determination of the factors affecting sexual activity in women with chronic disease is important for women' ability to cope with sexual dysfunction and keep it under control. To be able to accomplish this, it is necessary for healthcare personnel, the partners and family to work together.
How does the mining industry contribute to sexual and reproductive health in developing countries? A narrative synthesis of current evidence to inform practice
Authors: Dawson Angela J , Homer Caroline S
Published: November 2013

Aims and objectives

To explore client and provider experiences and related health outcomes of sexual and reproductive health interventions that have been led by or that have involved mining companies.

Background

Miners, and those living in communities surrounding mines in developing countries, are a vulnerable population with a high sexual and reproductive health burden. People in these communities require specific healthcare services although the exact delivery needs are unclear. There are no systematic reviews of evidence to guide delivery of sexual and reproductive health interventions to best address the needs of men and women in mining communities.

Design

A narrative synthesis.

Methods

A search of peer‐reviewed literature from 2000–2012 was undertaken with retrieved documents assessed using an inclusion/exclusion criterion and quality appraisal guided by critical assessment tools. Concepts were analysed thematically.

Results

A desire for HIV testing and treatment was associated with the recognition of personal vulnerability, but this was affected by fear of stigma. Regular on‐site services facilitated access to voluntary counselling and testing and HIV care, but concerns for confidentiality were a serious barrier. The provision of HIV and sexually transmitted infection clinical and promotive services revealed mixed health outcomes. Recommended service improvements included rapid HIV testing, the integration of sexual and reproductive health into regular health services also available to family members and culturally competent, ethical, providers who are better supported to involve consumers in health promotion.

Conclusion

There is a need for research to better inform health interventions so that they build on local cultural norms and values and address social needs. A holistic approach to sexual and reproductive health beyond a focus on HIV may better engage community members, mining companies and governments in healthcare delivery.

Relevance to clinical practice

Nurses may require appropriate workplace support and incentives to deliver sexual and reproductive health interventions in developing mining contexts where task shifting exists.
Let's talk about sex: lower limb amputation, sexual functioning and sexual well‐being: a qualitative study of the partner's perspective
Authors: Verschuren Jesse EA , Zhdanova Mariya A , Geertzen Jan HB , Enzlin Paul , Dijkstra Pieter U , Dekker Rienk
Published: November 2013

Aims and objectives

To describe the impact of patients’ lower limb amputations on their partners’ sexual functioning and well‐being.

Background

Annually, about 3300 major lower limb amputations are performed in the Netherlands. An amputation may induce limitations in performing marital activities, including expression of sexual feelings between partners. However, up until now, little attention has been paid towards this aspect in both research and clinical practice. The lack of studies on sexual activities and lower limb amputation is even more apparent with respect to partners of patients with such an amputation. Previous studies have shown, however, that the presence of a disease or disability may have a large impact not only on the patient's but also on the partner's sexual activities.

Design

Qualitative thematic analysis.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews. The questions used in the interview were inspired by a generic framework about chronic disease and sexual functioning and well‐being. In total, 16 partners of patients with a lower limb amputation who were at least 18 years old were recruited in different rehabilitation centres.

Results

Seven major themes (i.e. importance of sexuality, thoughts about sexuality before the amputation, changes in sexual functioning and sexual well‐being, amputation as the main cause of these changes, acceptance of the amputation, role confusion and communication about sexuality) were derived from the interviews. Minor changes in sexual functioning and sexual well‐being were reported by the participants. Problems participants did encounter were solved by the couples themselves. For some participants, their sexual well‐being improved after the amputation.

Conclusion and relevance to clinical practice

Participants in our study reported minor changes in their sexual well‐being. Most of them indicated that communication about the changes expected and how to cope with these would have been helpful. It is therefore important that professionals address sexuality during the rehabilitation process with patients and partners.
The illness experience of middle‐aged men with oral cancer
Authors: Cheng Ching‐Hui , Wang Tsae‐Jyy , Lin Yu‐Ping , Lin Hung‐Ru , Hu Wen‐Yu , Wung Shin‐Huey , Liang Shu‐Yuan
Published: November 2013

Aims and objectives

To explore the essence of the illness experiences of middle‐aged men with oral cancer.

Background

Having oral cancer creates great challenges in the lives of middle‐aged men and their families. Understanding patients’ experiences provides a sound basis for patient‐centred and individualised care. Research is limited regarding the illness experience of middle‐aged men with oral cancer with regard to facing both the invasion of disease and the responsibilities of middle age.

Design

A phenomenology approach was used.

Methods

Nine men diagnosed with oral cancer within one year were recruited during 2009 and 2010. Data were collected through individual in‐depth interviews and analysed using Colaizzi's phenomenological analysis procedures.

Results

The following five themes emerged from the patterns of categorised interview data: the psychological journey in facing oral cancer, the question of how patients can control their disease as well as the sequelae of cancer treatment, the continuous disturbance and turmoil resulting from the disease, the appreciation of the support from family and friends, and the ability to learn to actively face the future.

Conclusions

Patients with oral cancer experienced tremendous physical, psychosocial and financial challenges. Although burdened with multiple stressors, these middle‐aged men were able to learn from their experiences and exhibit positive growth in life.

Relevance to clinical practice

Patients with oral cancer have to constantly adjust to the impact of their disease. The study results may serve as a reference for improving clinical practice and the quality of care among patients with oral cancer. Cancer care is multidimensional and holistic. Healthcare professionals should develop a set of plans by which patients receive complete medical care and support, as well as assistance from professionals and family members, as their treatment progresses to help patients face the challenges of cancer.
A cross‐sectional study of the beliefs and attitudes towards menstruation of Chinese undergraduate males and females in Hong Kong
Authors: Wong Wing Chi , Li Mei Kuen , Chan Wai Ying Veronica , Choi Yuen Yu , Fong Chi Hung Sandra , Lam Ka Wah Kara , Sham Wun Chi , So Ping Ping , Wong Kit , Yeung Kuen Ha , Yeung Tsz Yan
Published: November 2013

Aims and objectives

To explore the beliefs and attitudes towards menstruation of Chinese undergraduates in Hong Kong and to compare those of (1) male and female undergraduates with those of (2) undergraduates studying health‐related vs. nonhealth‐related programmes.

Background

Menstruation is typically viewed as a forbidden topic or a troublesome experience. These negative beliefs and attitudes result from existing myths and taboos associated with cultural factors and health education levels.

Design

A cross‐sectional survey was conducted in all universities in Hong Kong. Undergraduates were invited through convenience sampling to complete a questionnaire assessing their attitudes and beliefs towards menstruation.

Methods

A questionnaire on ‘beliefs about and attitudes towards menstruation’ was adopted. Questionnaires were self‐administered by the respondents.

Results

A total of 450 questionnaires were distributed, and a response rate of 96·6% was obtained; 416 completed questionnaires were collected and analysed. Many Chinese undergraduates agreed that menstruation is annoying, causes disability, involves prescription and proscription and is not pleasant. When comparing the beliefs and attitudes towards menstruation of Chinese male undergraduates with those of female undergraduates, females tended to disagree that menstruation should be maintained secret, but tended to agree that it was annoying. When comparing the beliefs and attitudes towards menstruation of Chinese undergraduates studying health‐related programmes with those under nonhealth‐related programmes, the latter group exhibited a higher level of belief in prescription and proscription for menstruation than the former group.

Conclusion

Chinese undergraduates in Hong Kong were influenced by the traditional Chinese culture and social environment, resulting in negative attitudes towards menstruation. This study recommends that sex education, especially reproductive health education, be extended to tertiary education.

Relevance to clinical practice

This study provides relevant information on planning the content of sex education or reproductive health education for Chinese undergraduates.
Effect of dentist's clinical experience on treatment satisfaction of a complete denture
Authors: Kimoto S. , Kimoto K. , Kitamura A. , Saita M. , Iijima M. , Kawai Y.
Published: November 2013

The relationship between the prosthodontic experience of dentists and satisfaction of complete denture wearers remains unknown. To investigate whether a prosthodontist's clinical experience affects treatment satisfaction of a complete denture wearer. From April 2004 to July 2006, we conducted a randomised controlled trial at two centres, including 74 edentulous patients; of these, 32 and 30 were randomly allocated to the ED or ID group, respectively. All the patients rated their satisfaction with dentures, including general satisfaction and satisfaction of chewing ability, speaking, cleaning, stability, retention, comfort and aesthetics. These satisfaction ratings were measured by a 100‐mm visual analog scale (VAS). Perceived chewing ability to foods, divided into five grades, was measured using a questionnaire. The mastication index (MI) was calculated for each grade. General satisfaction and satisfaction of speaking, stability and retention were significantly higher in the ED than in the ID group (P = 0·049, 0·003, 0·019 and 0·041, respectively). No significant difference existed between the MI of the ED (71·3 ± 18·4) and ID group (64·1 ± 16·53). However, the perceived chewing ability of grade 5 food, whose texture was the hardest among all the grades, was significantly higher in the ED group than in the ID group. Within its limitations, this study showed that a clinician's prosthodontic experience affects a complete denture wearer's satisfaction ratings.
Endoscopically Visualized Lesions, Histologic Findings, and Bacterial Invasion in the Gastrointestinal Mucosa of Dogs with Acute Hemorrhagic Diarrhea Syndrome
Authors: Unterer S. , Busch K. , Leipig M. , Hermanns W. , Wolf G. , Straubinger R.K. , Mueller R.S. , Hartmann K.
Published: November 2013

Background

Etiology of hemorrhagic gastroenteritis (HGE) syndrome in dogs is unknown and histopathologic and microbial investigations have only been performed post mortem.

Objective

To identify characteristic intra vitam endoscopic and histologic mucosal lesions, as well as bacterial species, within the mucosa of dogs with HGE.

Animals

Ten dogs diagnosed with HGE were included. Eleven dogs with gastroduodenoscopy and different intestinal diseases were used as controls for microbial changes. Dogs pretreated with antibiotics or diagnosed with any disease known to cause bloody diarrhea were excluded from the study.

Methods

In this prospective study, gastrointestinal biopsies were collected from 10 dogs with HGE. Endoscopic and histologic changes were assessed according to WSAVA guidelines. Biopsies from the stomach, duodenum, ileum, and colon were investigated by histology and by immunohistochemistry for the presence of Clostridium spp. and parvovirus. The first duodenal biopsy taken with a sterile forceps was submitted for bacterial culture.

Results

Acute mucosal lesions were only found in the intestines, not in the stomach. Clostridium spp., identified as Clostridium perfringens in 6/9 cases, were detected on the small intestinal mucosa in all dogs with HGE, either by culture or immunohistopathology. In the control group, C. perfringens could only be cultured in one of 11 dogs.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

The results of this study demonstrate an apparent association between C. perfringens and the occurrence of acute hemorrhagic diarrhea. The term “HGE,” which implies the involvement of the stomach, should be renamed as “acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome.”
Relative importance of pollen and seed dispersal across a Neotropical mountain landscape for an epiphytic orchid
Authors: Kartzinel Tyler R. , Shefferson Richard P. , Trapnell Dorset W.
Published: November 2013

Populations of many species are isolated within narrow elevation bands of Neotropical mountain habitat, and how well dispersal maintains genetic connectivity is unknown. We asked whether genetic structure of an epiphytic orchid, Epidendrum firmum, corresponds to gaps between Costa Rican mountain ranges, and how these gaps influence pollen and seed flow. We predicted that significant genetic structure exists among mountain ranges due to different colonization histories and limited gene flow. Furthermore, we predicted that pollen movement contributes more to gene flow than seeds because seeds are released into strong winds perpendicular to the narrow northwest–southeast species distribution, while the likely pollinators are strong fliers. Individuals from 12 populations and three mountain ranges were genotyped with nuclear microsatellites (nDNA) and chloroplast sequences (cpDNA). Genetic diversity was high for both markers, while nDNA genetic structure was low (FSTn = 0.020) and cpDNA structure was moderate (FSTc = 0.443). Significant cpDNA barriers occurred within and among mountain ranges, but nDNA barriers were not significant after accounting for geographic distance. Consistent with these contrasting patterns of genetic structure, pollen contributes substantially more to gene flow among populations than seed (mp/ms = 46). Pollinators mediated extensive gene flow, eroding nDNA colonization footprints, while seed flow was comparatively limited, possibly due to directional prevailing winds across linearly distributed populations. Dispersal traits alone may not accurately inform predictions about gene flow or genetic structure, supporting the need for research into the potentially crucial role of pollinators and landscape context in gene flow among isolated populations.
Marxists and Accountants: bien étonnés de se trouver ensemble
Authors: Jegers Marc
Published: November 2013

In a recent issue of this journal, Basu (2013, Metroeconomica, 64 (2), pp. 293–318) presented some conditions under which replacement cost‐based profit rates and historical cost‐based profit rates evolve similarly, making, under these conditions, the choice between them irrelevant when studying long‐term profitability trends. The present note adds some realism to this analysis by allowing depreciation of fixed assets, and shows that the choice between the two profit rate operationalizations becomes relevant. Additionally, the impact of growth on the relation between the two profit rate evolutions is assessed.