bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unhappy Workplaces Are Like Unhappy Marriages
Authors: Williamson Elizabeth M.
Published: December 2024

Wellbeing at work is significantly dependent on trustworthy workplace relationships however, research indicates workplace incivility is increasing across diverse industries. Employment and marriage have similarities, as the quality of both sets of relationships are central to wellbeing. Comparing research regarding the impediments to workplace wellbeing and factors that lead to divorce demonstrate contemptuous behaviours are among the most destructive in work and personal life. Dr John Gottman's extensive research regarding the predictors of divorce offers important information to respond to and effectively redress workplace relationship dysfunction and uncivil conduct. Gottman's' work has been replicated into a model and strategy for assessing risk and repair for sound workplace relationships. A case study demonstrates how this model can help address complex organisational conflicts that have increased incivility and diminished employee wellbeing. Applying this research can inform a strategic framework to measure the requirements for workplace relationships that support wellbeing.
The Detrimental Effects of Toxic Followership on Workplace Wellbeing
Authors: Myers Danica
Published: December 2024

The examination of employee well-being has emerged as a compelling area of study within organizational behavior (Ali & Hamakareem, 2024). Organizations are progressively recognizing the importance of their employees and their well-being in excelling in competitive environments, as employee well-being significantly influences employee performance (Kun & Gadanecz, 2022) and organizational success. The theories of Social Identity and Self-Categorization offer a comprehensive framework for understanding how individuals form their self-concept based on group affiliations and how these identities shape their behavior and interactions within the workplace. Using an integrated theoretical framework grounded in the social identity approach, encompassing both Social Identity Theory and Self-Categorization Theory, this chapter will examine the detrimental effects of toxic followership on employee well-being by synthesizing existing literature with fresh insights.
More Than Background Sound
Authors: Tatar Berivan
Published: December 2024

As an intriguing concept, podcasts have been increasingly popular and one of the fastest-growing media in recent decades. While podcast listening has attracted the growing attention of scholars from a variety of disciplines, no studies to date have explored podcast listening in management literature. In this context, the current study aims to investigate the motivations and consequences of work-related podcast listening in terms of employee wellbeing. Data were collected from 12 academicians from a variety of fields via a semi-structured interview, and thematic analysis was performed using MAXQDA software. The current study demonstrated that (1) academicians have different podcast listening habits in terms of gender, generation, and position; (2) academicians have motives for work-related podcast listening, including information-related motivation, creativity-related motivation, and relaxation-related motivation; and (3) work-related podcast listening is related to different aspects of employee wellbeing, such as hedonic wellbeing, social wellbeing, and eudaimonic wellbeing.
Smiling
Authors: Menon Vishnu Achutha , Prasad Aswathi , Ramanath Meera
Published: December 2024

In this book chapter we explore the profound impact of smiling on professional and personal lives. Through a multidisciplinary lens, we analyze the cultural significance, psychological underpinnings, and practical applications of smiling in communication. Central to our vision is exploring smiling as a potent tool for non-verbal communication, capable of creating connections, building trust, and enhancing collaboration in professional settings. By examining various types of smiles and their nuances, we highlight smiling as a powerful tool for creating connections, building trust, and enhancing collaboration in professional settings. We demonstrate how smiling influences interpersonal relationships, stress management, and emotional well-being, providing practical insights to help readers harness the power of smiles for greater success and fulfillment.
Application of Agile Principles for Social Welfare Delivery and Modernization
Authors: Rahman Mirshad , Channabasaiah Kumaraswamy , Hisham P. , Vishwanatha K. , Thomas Lims , H. Nandish G.
Published: December 2024

This manuscript explores how Agile principles, originally developed for the software industry, can be applied to modernize social welfare systems. Agile methodologies emphasize flexibility, collaboration, and continuous improvement, offering a dynamic framework for enhancing service delivery and responsiveness to citizens' needs. By adopting Agile, social welfare organizations can foster cross-functional teamwork, improve efficiency, and create more citizen-centric welfare systems. This paper highlights specific Agile principles, such as iterative processes, adaptability, and feedback integration, and their potential to address the challenges faced by traditional welfare systems. The manuscript also discusses the opportunities and barriers to implementing Agile in public and social sectors, including the need for capacity building and overcoming institutional resistance. Through this analysis, the paper aims to provide actionable insights for policymakers and welfare administrators seeking to modernize their systems and improve service outcomes.
Economic Perspectives of Agile Principles
Authors: Murugan Satheesh Pandian , Rajamoorthi D. , Lakshmanan P. , Veerachamy R. , Thangam Dhanabalan , Karumpan Subha
Published: December 2024

Agile methodology, originating in software development through the 2001 Agile Manifesto, has expanded its relevance to various industries due to its core principles of flexibility, iterative progress, and collaboration. This manuscript explores the economic implications of Agile principles, particularly in shaping decision-making processes and enhancing organizational performance. Agile's iterative cycles minimize risk and improve resource allocation, leading to cost savings, faster time-to-market, and better return on investment (ROI). The manuscript also delves into how Agile enables companies to stay competitive in a fast-evolving, tech-driven business landscape by fostering adaptability to market changes, technological advancements, and globalization. By examining these aspects, this study contributes to the growing body of literature on organizational agility, highlighting Agile's potential for fostering sustainable economic growth and its broader influence on workforce dynamics, innovation, and global competitiveness.
Blockchain Technology and the Future of Smart and Safe Workplaces
Authors: Mohammed Medina Ayta , Pablos-Heredero Carmen De , Montes Botella José Luis
Published: December 2024

This chapter presents the applications of blockchain technology within workplace settings and guides future research and organizational adoption. This is achieved through a bibliometric analysis of literature sourced from Scopus and Web of Science between the years 2017-2024. The findings indicate a significant increase in publications on blockchain applications in workplaces since 2019, indicating the technology's rising relevance and potential in workplace contexts. The thematic analysis identifies key areas where blockchain technology is expected to have a substantial impact, including knowledge management, smart workstations, human resource management, confidential information sharing and storage, and optimized workplace communication. This study proposes five key areas for future research: testing existing prototypes in various workplace applications, evaluating regulatory and ethical compliance, and investigating the social and environmental impacts of blockchain technology in the workplace.
Global Challenges and Opportunities of New Technologies for Workplace Conflict Resolution Through ADR
Authors: Quiroga Marta Gonzalo
Published: December 2024

This paper aims to provide a scientific analysis of the scarce existing academic and practical work on the global challenges and benefits of New Technologies and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) and Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) applied to the workplace. Its innovative and unprecedented approach provides an in-depth and structured understanding of the integration of emerging technologies into ADR mechanisms in the workplace. At the same time, it includes a comprehensive analysis of technological and AI developments in ADR, the impact of these on the efficiency and accessibility of ADR in the workplace.
Teleworking and the Deployment of Dynamic Capabilities
Authors: Gallego-Gomez Cristina , Heredero Carmen De-Pablos , Montes José Luis
Published: December 2024

Teleworking was just an option for many companies up to mid-2020. (1)This study examines the acceptance of teleworking practices by employees because of the covid-19 scenario from the dynamic capabilities' framework. Although this study is based on whether telework promotes dynamic capabilities within organizations, specifically absorption and adaptation capabilities, it includes other factors, such as quality of life and productivity. (2)A questionnaire has been built and distributed to 1000 Spanish workers. Data were processed by using the structural equation modeling analysis (SEM). (3) Results confirm that the model built provides a sound theoretical framework to understand and explain the practice of teleworking in a work environment, providing workers with a longer time to rest, an increase in their quality of life (4) This work can help companies understand the need to redesign telework processes based on the deployment of dynamic capabilities to achieve better results from this practice, which is no longer an option in pandemic scenarios.
From Bits to Brilliant Teams
Authors: Al-Romeedy Bassam Samir
Published: December 2024

The tourism and hospitality industry is experiencing a significant digital shift, with the incorporation of AI and other digital tools into talent management becoming increasingly imperative. This chapter thoroughly examines AI and digital technology applications in talent management. It emphasizes the advantages and prospects of this integration, exploring various technologies such as AI-powered talent acquisition, AI-driven talent development, AI-enhanced employee engagement, and AI-facilitated workforce analytics and planning. The chapter concludes by proposing recommendations for tourism and hospitality organizations to maximize the benefits of these transformative technologies and refine their talent management strategies.
Impact of the Audit Committee and External Audit Service Provider on Earnings Management: Evidence from Public Listed Companies in Sri Lanka
Authors: Udakumbura I. T. V. S. P. , Herath R.
Published: December 2024

This study aims to identify the impact of the audit committee and external audit service provider on the level of earnings management among listed companies on the Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE) of Sri Lanka. Using the stratified random sampling method, fifty companies with financial years ending on 31st March were selected for this study, representing various industry groups as of 26th April 2021, covering the period from 2018 to 2020. Companies within the banking, diversified financials, and insurance industry groups were excluded due to inherent limitations. Descriptive analysis, along with Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) linear and panel regression analyses were performed in this study. The descriptive analysis revealed that the chosen listed companies comply with the principles of the code of best practices of Corporate Governance in Sri Lanka, with 81% of these companies being audited by one of the Big 4 firms operating in Sri Lanka. Both OLS and panel regression analyses demonstrated that larger audit committees and the engagement of Big 4 audit firms are negatively associated with earnings management practices. The findings of this study provide useful insights for companies, policymakers and regulators in setting policy guidelines on audit committee characteristics. This study extends previous literature on earnings management by examining the impact of the audit committee and external audit service provider on earnings management in listed companies in Sri Lanka.
Determinants of Agricultural Exports in Sri lanka:  A Gravity Model Analysis
Authors: Priyadarshani M. D. , Weligamage P. , Wijetunga C. S.
Published: December 2024

Agricultural exports continue to be important to the Sri Lankan economy as a foreign exchange earner. However, its contribution shows a declining trend during the recent past and is reflected in individual sub-categories prompting the need to explore reasons and potential interventions. This study aims to identify the major factors affecting the performance of Sri Lanka’s agricultural exports using the gravity model. A panel dataset of 50 major trading partners of Sri Lanka from 1988 – 2019 was used. This study finds that both the trading partner’s GDP and Sri Lanka’s GDP and the number of sanitary and phytosanitary measures (SPS) have a significant positive effect on export performance. According to the results, the GDP of both countries, geographical distance, number of SPS, and TBT are the most promising factors that affect Sri Lankan agricultural exports. Despite that, the presence of regional trade agreements (RTA), a common language, a common border, and other non-tariff measures (NTM) are found to be insignificant for trade. The analysis suggests that selecting high GDP and low-distance countries as importers, diversification of export destinations, and quality maintenance of export commodities using non-tariff measures will increase agricultural exports in Sri Lanka.
Global Opportunities and Challenges in the Space Economy
Authors: Vasantha V.
Published: December 2024

The space economy is a rapidly growing domain that integrates scientific exploration with commercial opportunities, significantly shaping global economic activities. This paper explores the multifaceted aspects of the space economy, highlighting key opportunities such as satellite technologies, space tourism, and resource extraction, which collectively contribute to economic growth, technological advancements, and global connectivity. Special emphasis is placed on the benefits for developing countries, including enhanced internet access, capacity building, and sustainable resource utilisation. However, challenges such as legal frameworks, governance, environmental sustainability, and equitable access persist, necessitating collaborative efforts among nations. This study underscores the importance of inclusive policies and strategic reforms to harness the full potential of the space economy, ensuring balanced and sustainable growth across the globe.
The effect of antenatal steroids on fetal lung maturation between 34 and 36 weeks of pregnancy
Authors: Ahmad Eman Y. , El-Deen Al-Darwish Abd El-Aziz G. , Fouad Mahmoud M.
Published: December 2024

Background and aim

Preterm birth can happen as a consequence of unprompted preterm labor, involving the preterm premature ruptures of membranes, or medical treatments, like labor inductions or elective cesarean, which are initiated to decrease meager outcome accompanied with definite motherly or fetal condition.

The evaluation of the maturity of fetal lungs is suitable for defining the timing of birth in complicated pregnancy cases such as a history of blood loss, placenta previa, a history of a preceding classical cesarean birth, and a history of preceding uterine operation.

This work aimed to evaluate the effect of antenatal corticosteroid administration from the 34th week till the 37th week of gestation on neonatal outcome in cases at elevated risk of preterm labor.

Patients and methods

A case–control investigation was carried out in Al-Azhar University Hospitals in Assiut and Qena General Hospital including 500 pregnant women in their 34th to 36th week of gestation at elevated risks of preterm labor. The cases were allocated into two similar groups. The period of the work ranged from 6 to 12 months.

Results

There is a significant difference between the study groups regarding APGAR scoring at delivery and at 5 min, lamellar body count, and neonatal intensive care unit admission. There is no significant difference regarding weight of baby and time of termination. There is a significant difference between the studied groups regarding preterm labor and sex of the baby. There was a highly significant difference between the studied groups regarding neonatal intensive care unit admission. However, there was a significant difference between the studied groups regarding preterm labor.

Conclusion

Steroids have a significant benefit on fetal well-being even if used after 34 weeks of pregnancy. Steroids were given prophylactically to those who are recognized to have elevated risk of preterm labor.
Retrospective analysis of the impact of dietary counselling and nutritional assessment on patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis
Authors: Verma Vandana , Bhargawa Vinant , Bengani Vasundhara , Sharma Shweta , Rehan Rabiya
Published: December 2024

Background:

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) face considerable nutritional challenges, exacerbate disease progression and affect their quality of life. This study evaluated the role of dietary counselling and routine nutritional assessment in improving the nutritional and biochemical profiles of patients with MHD at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital.

Aim:

To evaluate the role of dietary counselling and routine nutritional assessment in improving nutritional status and biochemical profiles of patients with maintenance haemodialysis (MHD).

Material and Methods:

In this retrospective study conducted from April 2021 to March 2022, data were retrieved from the hospital information system of 135 patients with end-stage renal disease who had undergone MHD three times a week. Of these, 100 fulfilled the pre-planned study criteria. A modified 9-point Subjective Global Assessment Performa was used to assess health and nutritional status and stratify patients at moderate, mild or no nutritional risk. Dietary assessments were collected using 24-h recall and food diary records. The key outcomes measured were calorie and protein intake changes, serum albumin and cholesterol levels.

Results:

The findings revealed significant improvements in nutritional intake, with mean calorie and protein intake rising notably post-counselling (211 kcal and 10.18 g at the first session; 336 kcal and 15.28 g at the second). Mean serum albumin increased by +0.19 g/dL (P < 0.05), and cholesterol levels decreased by −6 mg/dL (P < 0.05), highlighting the effectiveness of dietary interventions.

Conclusion:

Structured dietary counselling significantly enhances the nutritional outcomes of dialysis patients. This study underscores the importance of integrating personalised nutrition into CKD management to improve health outcomes.
Theoretical perspectives of trait anxiety: A systematic review
Authors: Bijulakshmi P. , Kumar V. Veera Balaji
Published: December 2024

Background:

Anxiety has been extensively studied since the Freudian era as an essential factor in the development of psychopathology. This study explored theoretical models of trait anxiety, a concept introduced by Spielberger in 1983, distinguishing between trait and state anxiety. Trait anxiety reflects a predisposition to anxiety, whereas state anxiety is a reaction to stressors.

Aim:

This study aimed to review the existing literature on the theoretical models of trait anxiety.

Materials and Methods:

‘Theoretical models of trait anxiety’ were typed using Google and PubMed to retrieve articles. The inclusion criteria included full-length articles and observational and interventional studies that explored theoretical models. The exclusion criteria included studies unrelated to theoretical models or lacking implications. Studies with no impact on the theoretical models were excluded.

Results:

Of the 174 initially selected articles, 71 met the inclusion criteria. The sample was divided into two groups: Group A, which explained various trait anxiety theories (17 articles), and Group B, which evaluated these concepts (54 articles). The studies span the period 1984–2023. Group A emphasised the multi-directional model, highlighting the interplay of genetic, cognitive, physiological and behavioural factors in trait anxiety development. Group B findings suggest that while genetics contributes to high trait anxiety propensity, its manifestations are primarily behavioural, especially under high state anxiety. Cognitive processes, such as attentional biases and specific brain area stimulation, intensify reactions in individuals with high-trait anxiety during low-state anxiety situations.

Conclusions:

In conclusion, this systematic review indicates widespread acceptance of the four-factor theory in trait anxiety models. Both observational and interventional studies support the significant role of physiological and cognitive processes in the development of trait anxiety.
Successful reconstruction of the outflow tract by cervicovaginoplasty: A series of two case reports on sinovaginal bulb or cervicovaginal malformations
Authors: Biswas Jayanta , Mitra Divyangana , Jyothi Lakavath , Datta Mallika , Shankhary Arpita , Bakshi Avijit , Maitra Arghya , Munian Kinkar , Chakraborty Somajita , Biswas Jhuma , Sravya Atla
Published: December 2024

Cervicovaginal agenesis, or dysgenesis, in the presence of a normal uterus is a very rare Müllerian anomaly. We report the two cases of unmarried teenage girls who presented with complaints of primary amenorrhoea and cyclical lower abdominal pain. They had normal secondary sexual characteristics with a karyotype of 46XX. They were diagnosed with a blind vagina and a uterus with haematometra and haematosalpinx following clinical and radiological investigations. They underwent vaginoplasty, along with the formation of a neocervix and complete outflow tract reconstruction. On follow-up, their outflow tract remained patent, and they experienced regular menstrual cycles.
Assessment of Stroke Severity And Mortality (ASSAM): A hospital-based study from north-east India
Authors: Carvalho Glennys , Goswami Debabrata , Ahmed Abdul Barik
Published: December 2024

Background:

Stroke burden continues to grow; ischemic subtypes share the biggest pie. Assam is one of the states with the highest burden in-terms of mortality.

Aim:

In Assam, we studied factors operating at different timelines concerning stroke events in 119 stroke patients to identify entry points for policy-level interventions.

Material and Methods:

We used the National Institute of Health Stroke Score (NIHSS) at admission to assess stroke severity and the Modified Rankin Scale and Barthel Index of activities of daily living at discharge and day 30 after onset to study the functional outcomes. Mortality data were captured until day 30 of stroke onset, and epidemiological data on risk factors and other determinants was collected using a questionnaire.

Results:

In our study, the majority (55.5%) of patients admitted with stroke were in the age group of 51–70 years, while 9.2% were below 40 years. Only 2.5% of cases reached the hospital within 4.5 h; about 42% had multimorbidity. Hypertension was a major risk factor along with dyslipidemia. Nearly 18% had wake-up strokes, and a similar proportion had a cerebrovascular event in the past. Those with higher NIHSS scores had a higher risk of dying, and if they survived, they had a higher risk of poor functional outcomes at day 30. Women experienced a higher proportion of mortality than men and more so during the posthospitalization period.

Conclusion:

The epidemiological data obtained from this study helps provide insights into some of the determinants in the pre- and post-period of the stroke event, especially in resource-limited areas; as a part of ongoing surveillance, such data can help monitor temporal trends.
Knowledge among medical students about the usage of menstrual cup in a medical college in Central Karnataka
Authors: Ramanna Pavithra
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Menstruation is the normal process that millions of girls and women around the world undergo every month. Good hygienic practices during menstruation prevent infections and odors during the menstrual period. Menstrual cups are safe and there are no health risks found due to their usage. The aim of the study was to determine the knowledge on the usage of menstrual cup among medical students.

Material and Methods:

The cross-sectional study was conducted among all female medical students in Basaveshwara Medical College and Hospital, Chitradurga belonging to the age group of 18–25 years. All medical graduate girl students were given a questionnaire. About 255 students participated in the study and final data were analyzed into numbers and percentages.

Results:

Among the study participants, 45 (17.6%) of them had no idea about the menstrual cup. Most of the students did not have a clear knowledge on the material used in manufacturing of menstrual cup, time to empty the cup, and the method of its sterilization. Only 4 (1.6%) of them used a menstrual cup.

Conclusion:

Menstrual cups have many advantages like being nontoxic, eco-friendly and cost effective but their usage is uncommon in India as there is lack of knowledge, awareness and the widespread use of sanitary pads. Education and sensitization regarding the usage of menstrual cup is required among the population. There is lack of knowledge and misconception regarding the menstrual cup which should be addressed for better menstrual health and practice.
A study of epidemiological determinants and quality of life in physically differently abled persons attending physical medicine and rehabilitation center in a Metropolitan city
Authors: Katre Rajesh , Sangam Rohan , Solanki Mridula , Rawat Shalini
Published: December 2024

Background:

The quality of life (QOL) among individuals with physical disabilities is a critical and multifaceted aspect of well being that encompasses the various dimensions of their lived experiences.

Aims and Objectives:

The present study was undertaken to understand the epidemiology and QOL and factors affecting it among people living with physical disability.

Material and Methods:

It was a cross sectional and observational study conducted among beneficiaries attending physical medicine and rehabilitation center in a metropolitan city. The sample size was calculated to be 177, and participants were enrolled using the convenient sampling method. The World Health Organization WHO BREF scale was used to assess QOL. SPSS software version 21.0 and Microsoft Excel were used to analyze the data.

Results:

It was observed that most of the participants were unemployed (52.5%) and belonged to middle class (class 3) (34.5%) of the B.G Prasad Socioeconomic Scale. 52.5% have had disability for more than 20 years, with the major cause of disability being infective etiology (44.4%) followed by traumatic (27.1%) and congenital (15.8%). The disability was majorly seen in the lower limb (61.6%), which caused hinderance in walking in majority of the participants (90.1%). 57.6% reported that they had a good QOL, 67.8% were satisfied with their health and mean scores for physical and environmental domain were 68.05 and 50.85.

Conclusion:

Education, employment, and involvement of spine had a significant association with overall QOL. Disability had a profound effect on the QOL; environmental, social, and psychological were the most affected domains observed. Employment and education spinal involvement had a significant impact on QOL. Infective etiology was the most common cause of disability, while lower limb was the most affected body part.
The Effect of Exposure to Noise and Vibration and Ergonomic Factors on Sleep Quality and Musculoskeletal Disorders in Bus Drivers in Iran
Authors: Rahimimoghadam Somayeh , Khanjani Narges , Jalali Mahdi , Khorashadizadeh Fatemeh , Shahmohammadi Ayda
Published: December 2024

Aim:

City bus drivers are exposed to various harmful factors such as noise and vibration, which may cause adverse health effects. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the impact of exposure to noise, vibration, and ergonomic factors on the quality of sleep and the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among city bus drivers in Neyshabur, Iran.

Methods:

Sixty-two city bus drivers from Neyshabur, Iran, participated in this study. Their level of exposure to noise was measured according to the ISO 5128:1980 standard, and the level of exposure to vibration was measured according to the ISO 2631 standard. Sleep quality (SQual) was evaluated with the Pittsburgh SQual Index, and the prevalence of MSDs was surveyed with the Nordic questionnaire. Data were analyzed with R version 4.3.2.

Results:

The average ± standard deviation (SD) exposure to noise was 83.25 ± 4.12 dB, and the average ± SD exposure to vibration was 0.14 ± 0.04 m/s2. The SQual of 46.77% of drivers was bad, and 69.35% of drivers suffered from MSDs in at least one of their body parts. The results of this study showed as drivers’ age increased, the chance of having good SQual decreased (odds ratio [OR]: 0.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.81–0.99). Sleep disorders were more common among drivers whose buses had spring seats (OR =3.17, 95% CI: 1.07–9.40).

Conclusion:

Almost half of the drivers had unfavorable SQual and suffered from MSDs. The type and quality of the seats, the age of the bus driver, and the bus type were among the most important factors affecting the quality of sleep and the presence of MSDs.
Elucidating the Prognostic Role of BRAF V600E and the Activation Status of the Downstream MAPK Pathway in PTC: A Study from a Tertiary Centre in India
Authors: Kocheri Nadeem , Chatterjee Priti , Agarwal Shipra , Sharma Mehar C. , Ballal Sanjana , Bal Chandrasekhar , Chumber Sunil
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has an excellent prognosis, but few cases are treatment-resistant. To check the applicability of combined BRAF
V600E and MEK-targeted therapy, the current study correlated BRAF
V600E with the MAPK pathway activation status in a cohort of PTCs. The prognostic relevance of BRAF
V600E and the usability of immunohistochemistry (IHC) for detecting the mutation were also assessed.

Methods:

Randomly selected 50 PTC and 15 non-PTC cases were re-classified according to the 2022 WHO classification. The BRAF mutation status was compared with the IHC of BRAFV600E, pERK1/2, pMEK1/2, and clinicopathological variables, including response to radioactive iodine and disease-free survival.

Results:

BRAF
V600E mutation was present in 38%. Most (87.8%) cases were immunopositive for pMEK1/2 and 40% for pMEK1/2. Although BRAF
V600E mutation did not correlate with the MAPK activation status, it had an adverse impact on tumour sensitivity to radioiodine (P < 0.05). Five of the seven radioiodine-resistant tumours were BRAF
V600E-mutated. An Allred cut-off score of 7 had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 84% for detecting the mutation by IHC. All the non-PTC cases were BRAF-wild type, but 20% showed weak immunopositivity for mutated protein and were scored 6.

Conclusions:

BRAF
V600E-mutated PTCs are more likely to be RAI-resistant. MAPK pathway activation status did not vary significantly with BRAF mutation. Immunopositivity for pMEK1/2 in most suggests a scope for MEK1-targeted therapy in recalcitrant PTC cases even in the absence of the BRAF mutation. In addition, IHC is a reliable technique for detecting BRAF
V600E mutation but needs validation by correlation with molecular studies.
Effectiveness of Oral Semaglutide in Management of Type 2 Diabetes: A Real-World Study from India
Authors: Dutta Aditya , Mahendru Shama , Sharma Rutuja , Mithal Ambrish
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Oral Semaglutide (Sema-o) is the first oral glucagon like peptide-1 receptor analogue (GLP-1RA) commercially available for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Sema-o in patients with T2D when added to the existing therapy.

Methods:

This retrospective real-world study enrolled adult patients with diabetes taking Sema-o, with at least one follow-up (from February 2022 till October 2023). A proforma recorded baseline and follow-up date, medications, body composition, laboratory and clinical parameters. Data is presented as median (interquartile range) and was analysed using SPSS.

Results:

A total of 351 patients followed up once, while 56 patients had 4 follow-up visits. Baseline parameters were as follows: age 53 years (43–61), duration of diabetes 10 years (5–16), weight 91 kg (79–103), body mass index (BMI) 32.7 kg/m2 (29.3–36.6) and HbA1c 7.9% (6.9–9). The addition of Sema-o in the existing therapy for diabetes resulted in a significant reduction in HbA1c {follow-up: 1st 0.5%, 2nd 0.9%, 3rd 1.1% and 4th 1.1% (all, P < 0.001)} and % weight reduction {follow-up: 1st 2%, 2nd 3.3%, 3rd 4.1% and 4th 4.3% (all, P < 0.001)} from baseline. Reductions in BMI, glucose (fasting/post-prandial), lipids, liver enzymes and body composition parameters were significant. Gastro-intestinal side-effects (299 events in 52.4% of patients) were frequent. A total of 34/9.7% patients discontinued Sema-o.

Conclusion:

Intensification of existing therapy with Sema-o in obese patients with moderately uncontrolled diabetes proved to be an effective and relatively safe strategy. Achieving normoglycemia and reductions in weight, lipids and body fat/visceral fat with Sema-o may confer a much needed cardiometabolic benefit in these patients.
Use of selective laser capsulotomy for mature white cataracts: Initial experience in Indian eyes
Authors: Kelkar Jai A , Kelkar Aditya S , Packard Richard , Jain Harsh H , Kelkar Shreekant
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

To report the initial experience of performing capsulotomy in eyes with mature white cataracts using selective laser capsulotomy (SLC) in Indian eyes.

Methods:

This was a prospective, noncomparative, open-label study. All adults presenting to our institution with mature cataracts whose pupils dilated >6 mm and who were willing for phacoemulsification were invited to participate. During surgery, after staining the anterior capsule with a proprietary trypan blue, the CAPSULaser device (Excel-Lens Inc, Los Gatos, CA, USA) was used to create a capsulotomy of size ranging from 5 to 5.5 mm and phacoemulsification was carried out. The primary outcome was the size, centration, and continuity of the capsulotomy edge at the end of the surgery. Secondary outcomes were the surgical time for capsulotomy, capsulotomy centration on the intraocular lens (IOL) at 3 months, and adverse effects.

Results:

Thirty eyes were studied of 30 patients who were recruited with a mean age of 66.4 ± 8.3 years, of which 17 (57%) were men. The intraoperative size of capsulotomy was the same as intended in all eyes and the edges were smooth. None of the eyes experienced any visible capsular tears or run out events; one had a capsular tag. The time for capsulotomy including capsular staining was 3 ± 0.23 min. All IOLs were well centered at 3 months with a capsulotomy size remaining the same. The endothelial cell count had dropped by 8% at 3 months post-op, and the vision improved significantly to 0.03 log of minimum angle of resolution. None of the eyes experienced any intraoperative complications or laser-induced adverse effects.

Conclusion:

SLC was a safe and effective technique providing precise, well-centered anterior capsulotomies in mature white cataracts.
Triple treatment therapy for congenital stromal iris cyst
Authors: Lomi Neiwete , Kumari Neha , Tandon Radhika
Published: December 2024

Background:

Iris cyst can lead to iridocyclitis, angle closure, secondary glaucoma, corneal decompensation, band keratopathy, cataract, subluxation of the lens, or visual disturbance leading to amblyopia or strabismus. Incomplete removal of cyst can lead to recurrence. Recurrent surgeries are more complicated and compromise prognosis. So, complete removal of cyst with minimal anatomical disturbances is essential for better outcomes.

Purpose:

To define a new technique of triple treatment therapy for iris cyst management.

Synopsis:

Iris cyst was treated in three steps. In the first step, iris cyst aspiration followed by cyst cavity treatment with mitomycin-C was done. After that, cyst cavity was irrigated with balanced salt solution (BSS). In the second step, the anterior cyst wall was removed with a vitrectomy cutter. In the third step, the posterior cyst wall was cauterized with diathermy.

Highlights:

In this technique, we chose a minimally invasive approach utilizing two 1-mm incisions leading to less astigmatism. Iridectomy was not performed, which led to a small iris defect postoperatively, and pupilloplasty was not required. Injection of mitomycin-C led to destruction of the cyst wall, and diathermy further reduced the chance of recurrence by destroying the cyst base. Postoperatively, mild corneal edema was noted, which resolved in 1 week. Topical steroids were given to control postoperative inflammation. No recurrence has been noted till 6 months of follow-up. The more conservative approach seemed to result in better visual outcomes.

Discussion:

Wide varieties of approaches are available for iris cysts, like laser cystotomy, aspiration, diathermy, cryotherapy, injection of sclerosing agents, and surgery.[1] Yu et al.[2] treated iris cyst in a 60-year-old female with cyst content aspiration using 30G needle, followed by injection of 0.0002 mg/ml mitomycin-C in the cavity for 5 min. BSS wash was given five times at the end. They noted a decrease of 13.3% in endothelial cell count following the procedure. They speculate that transient application of MMC can cause permanent damage to the epithelial and goblet cells that secrete cyst fluid, hence resulting in regression of the cyst. Similarly, Kawaguchi et al.[3] aspirated cyst fluid with a 30G needle and left 0.3 ml of 10−3 mg/ml mitomycin-C for 5 min in the cavity, followed by BSS wash in a 32-year-old female with recurrent iris cyst. They reported a decrease of 4% in endothelial cell count postprocedure. Shen et al.[4] used micro diathermy to treat residual cyst wall attached to the endothelium and base of cyst in four cases. In our case, we have combined cyst aspiration, mitomycin-C, excision using vitrectomy cutter, and diathermy. No recurrence has been observed at the longest follow-up of 3 years. However, a small sample size and less duration of follow-up are the limitations to call it the best approach.

Video Link:

https://youtu.be/EC6WA2TiaAE
Recent advances in neuro-ophthalmology
Authors: Bassi Shikha T , Newman Nancy J , Chen John J , Tisavipat Nanthaya Yui , Mollan Susan P , Moss Heather E , Milea Dan
Published: December 2024

This review article represents a collaborative effort across continents, bringing together the latest developments in neuro-ophthalmology with a focus on innovative diagnostic and therapeutic modalities that are shaping the future of the field. Among the most significant advancements is the rise of optical coherence tomography (OCT), now recognized as an indispensable tool in neuro-ophthalmological research, providing unparalleled insights into optic nerve and central nervous system pathologies. Gene therapy, particularly for conditions such as Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy, marks a new frontier in personalized medicine, offering hope for previously untreatable conditions. The article also examines the transformative role of telemedicine and artificial intelligence (AI) in clinical practice, which are revolutionizing patient care and enhancing diagnostic precision. Furthermore, it highlights the impact of novel serological biomarkers on the understanding and management of immune-mediated optic neuritis, and discusses the introduction of new therapeutic agents like Tocilizumab and Teprotumumab, which are redefining treatment paradigms. Collectively, these advancements reflect the profound influence of modern medicine on neuro-ophthalmology, paving the way for improved patient outcomes and fostering new avenues for research and clinical practice.
Pixel Super Resolution with Axial Scanning in Lensless Digital In-line Holographic Microscopy
Authors: Niedziela Karolina , Rogalski Mikolaj , Arcab Piotr , Winnik Julianna , Zdańkowski Piotr , Trusiak Maciej
Published: December 2024

This paper presents the Pixel Super Resolution with Axial Scanning (PSR-AS) technique to enhance the resolution of Lensless Digital In-line Holographic Microscopy (LDHM). By utilizing multiple holograms captured at different axial distances, PSR allows for the recovery of high-resolution information, improving the image clarity and information content. Experimental results demonstrate a twofold lateral resolution enhancement, achieving the resolution of 1.23 μm in amplitude imaging and significantly augmenting phase reconstruction quality. The integration of PSR-AS into LDHM systems leads to notable reductions in noise and artifacts, offering a promising approach for high-resolution imaging in applications such as biomedical diagnostics and environmental monitoring. Full Text: PDF References

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Bohuslaus of Lobkowicz and Hassenstein. A Poet between Nations and Denominations
Authors: Vaculínová Marta
Published: December 2024

Bohuslaus of Lobkowicz and Hassenstein (ca. 1461–1510), a Bohemian nobleman and outstanding Latin poet, is remarkable for the rich and contradictory ways in which his personality was interpreted up to the twentieth century. Although a fervent Catholic, in the sixteenth century he became a model for Czech non-Catholic humanists of Wittenberg training, for whom he represented a hero who liberated his country from barbarism. The Catholics did not “take him back” until long after the defeat of the non-Catholic Estates, and in the second half of the seventeenth century the Jesuits presented a legend of him as a poet laureate of the Pope himself. In parallel, his legacy lived on in the German Lutheran lands, where his first brief monograph was written and reprints of his works were published. The Enlightenment provided a less polarizing view of Hassenstein, though paradoxically it was a Jesuit, Ignatius Cornova, who has written the most comprehensive monograph on Hassenstein to date. Although Cornova tried to take a balanced view, even he could not avoid using psychologizing conclusions to describe Hassenstein in a way that suited his pedagogical purposes, even if in so doing he had to suppress or distort some facts. After the Enlightenment, the confessional aspect lost its urgency, and another conflicting issue arose in the presentation of Hassenstein—his belonging to a certain nation. Throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, scholars argued over whether he was Czech or German. These debates faithfully mirrored contemporary political developments, and only ended after World War II, when modern editions of Hassenstein’s works and the scholarly studies by their editors, Dana Martínková and Jan Martínek, provided an objective view of Hassenstein as a humanist writer and historical figure.
The Interpretation and Research of Neo-Latin Literature in the Hungarian historia litteraria Tradition between 1711 and 2010
Authors: Balogh Piroska
Published: December 2024

The culture of Hungary held Neo-Latin literature in a unique place, which was closely tied to the special status of the Latin language in the country. Latin was not only encouraged for cultural, scientific, or diplomatic purposes, but it also served as the language of public life until 1844. As a result, a significant part of Hungarian literaturę was written in Latin, even in the nineteenth century. The language of the first comprehensive works on the history of Hungarian literature—the manuals of the so-called historia litteraria tradition—was also Latin. In this paper, an exploration is made of how the Neo-Latin tradition appears in the handbooks on the history of Hungarian literature published since the beginning of the eighteenth century. It is investigated whether authors reflect on the Latinity of a particular cultural segment in Hungary, whether they consider it as part of the national literature, and if so, in what framework and with what methodology they attempt to present and process it. The first handbook examined is the first (Latin) lexicon dedicated to Hungarian literature, Specimen Hungariae Literatae, virorum eruditione clarorum natione Hungarorum, Dalmatarum, Croatarum, Slavorum atque Transylvanorum, vitas, scripta, elogia et censuras ordine alphabetico exhibens, published by Dávid Czvittinger in 1711. The latest compendium investigated is the Magyar irodalom (The Hungarian literature), edited by Tibor Gintli, published in 2010 Together with the volumes published in the intervening period, a three-hundred-year history of Hungarian Neo-Latin Studies is presented based on a review of nearly fifteen literary history manuals and five literary lexicons. The context of changes is reflected upon, such as the relationship with the development of academic disciplines, the relationship with the change in the concept of the nation, and the methodological context, including the interaction with positivist, and other research methodologies. In the view of the author, the historical overview of Hungarian Neo-Latin studies may be considered a paradigmatic example not only for Hungary but also for the Central and Eastern European region.
Sámuel Teleki and Janus Pannonius
Authors: Sánchez Alfonso Lombana
Published: December 2024

Count Sámuel Teleki (1739–1822) was, by all accounts, a “Neo-Latinist”. His love for the written word went beyond his book collection, which is now preserved in the Teleki Library in Târgu Mureș / Marosvásárhely. He is also one of the most important editors of the Hungarian Neo-Latin writer Janus Pannonius; after twenty years of preliminary work, Teleki prepared the first editio of the poet’s opera omnia. This text, which was published in Utrecht in 1784, contributed to the revival of Janus and has been constantly used by researchers over the years—nearly up until modern times. The editio exhibits some excellent philological achievements. Not only is Teleki responsible for the first collatio of some very important manuscripts and editions of Janus, but he also completed the edition with a biography and a collection of valuable historical testimonies. My proposal thus aims both to present both the work of Sámuel Teleki and analyse his editio of Janus.