bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute ischaemic stroke in the context of neurosyphilis: how does antibiotic therapy help, and when should it be given?
Authors: Gomes Santos Pedro , Martins dos Santos Pedro , Abegão Teresa , Rosa Domingos Rita , Varela Ana Verónica , Florêncio André , Fidalgo Ana Paula
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Neurosyphilis (NS) refers to a central nervous system infection caused by Treponema pallidum. In recent years, there has been an increasing incidence of syphilis; however, NS is uncommon compared to the era before the discovery of penicillin. Manifestations are usually non-specific, ranging from asymptomatic cases to syphilitic meningitis, meningovascular syphilis, general paresis and tabes dorsalis. Meningovascular syphilis can cause an inflammatory arteritis of cerebral arteries, leading to vascular occlusion and cerebral infarction. Case description: We report a case of an ischaemic stroke in a patient with several vascular risk factors, presenting with right hemiparesis, hemihypesthesia and dysarthria. Initial computed tomography with angiography of the head and neck was normal; however, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed a thalamic and internal capsule infarct. Serum T. pallidum antibodies were positive, as well as a rapid plasma reagin test. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis confirmed the diagnosis of neurosyphilis, and the patient was treated with ceftriaxone for 14 days due to a penicillin allergy. Discussion and conclusion: Although there is a high prevalence of stroke in patients with NS, this condition is typically underdiagnosed. Untreated NS carries a higher risk of stroke recurrence compared to other risk factors. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment are essential. This case highlights the importance of considering NS in stroke victims, even in older patients with several additional vascular risk factors, to prevent recurrence and other complications.
Types of learning and varieties of innovation: how does policy learning enable policy innovation?
Authors: Goyal Nihit , Howlett Michael
Published: January 2024

Policy innovation is considered important for addressing major challenges such as climate change and the sustainable energy transition. Although policy learning is likely to play a key role in enabling policy innovation, the link between them remains unclear despite much research on both topics. To address this gap, we move beyond a binary treatment of policy innovation and differentiate policy problem innovation from policy instrument innovation and policy process innovation. Subsequently, we synthesise the literature on policy learning with the research on the multiple streams framework (MSF), a well-known lens for explaining policy innovation. Like earlier policy learning studies, we distinguish several types of learning by posing the key questions of learning, but in the context of each stream of the MSF: who learns (actors), what (beliefs), how (modes), and to what effect (ripening). This new conceptualisation clarifies the relationship of each type of policy learning to the varieties of policy innovation. Further, it indicates that policy learning is likely to result in policy innovation if and only if it influences the coupling among the three streams during a window of opportunity – through policy entrepreneurship – and not otherwise. We conclude with the implications of this study for future research on policy innovation, policy learning, and the MSF.
Learning from failures in knowledge exchange and turning them into successes
Authors: van der Graaf Peter , van de Goor Ien , Purington Drake Amanda
Published: January 2024

While the evidence base on successful practices in knowledge exchange is rapidly growing, much less attention has been given in the academic literature to documenting and reflecting on failures in trying to exchange different types of evidence between academics, practice partners and policymakers. However, learning from failures is just as important, if not more crucial, than celebrating successes. Therefore, in this introduction to the special issue on learning from failures in knowledge exchange, we discuss crosscutting themes across the seven papers. We start by comparing and theorising different definitions of failures, and by exploring the relational barriers and structural stressors underlying these failures. We argue for the creation of a ‘failure culture’ in organisations, in which failures are no longer avoided but actively encouraged. To turn failures into successes, we identify a need for more sharing and publishing of failures, early engagement with stakeholders in the knowledge exchange process, and illustrate the importance of boundary spanners. We conclude with recommendations for future work, related to promising theoretical approaches, such as system thinking, the re-addressing of power imbalances through leadership, and highlight art-based approaches as a mechanism for rebalancing power.
Agency and its recognition in international relations
Authors: Ikäheimo Heikki
Published: January 2024

Recognition in general comes in many flavours, and so do desires and hopes for recognition. The same is true of recognition of agency in particular. In this short text, I will engage in some basic conceptual work that could be useful for thinking about the theme of this special issue. I will, first, distinguish between several forms of agency that matter in international relations (though not only there) and that can be either recognised or remain unrecognised. Second, I will reflect on what exactly it may mean to ‘recognise’ agency of these various kinds. Finally, I will discuss possible uses of the denial of agency in international relations.
Optical modeling and computational analysis of improved daylight collector geometry for a tubular skylight
Authors: Bisht Devendra Singh , Kumar Vikas , Singh Simranjit , Garg Harry , Shravana Kumar R. R.
Published: January 2024

A carefully designed daylight collector for a tubular skylight is necessary to serve
the occupants’ illumination needs under the dynamic trajectory of the
sun. This work simulated an improved configuration of a passive
daylight collector comprising parabolic and conical reflectors in a
modeled room using the lighting software tool TracePro. Results
indicated that the lighting performance of the proposed design
configuration was significantly enhanced under low altitude sun in
comparison with conventional tubular skylights (with revolved
parabolic and cylindrical reflectors) [Light. Res. Technol.
52, 495 (2020)10.1177/1477153519872794]
and hemispherical transparent dome as daylight collectors by more than ∼30%−40% and ∼110%−130%, respectively.
Translucency measurement system based on a polarized camera
Authors: Lai Pei-Yu , Lin Tzung-Han
Published: January 2024

This paper proposes a measurement system capable of estimating the transmittance and haze values of a composite object. The system, comprising a polarized camera, linear polarizer, and backlight, was calibrated to obtain four phase polarization images. Forty-one samples, which covered a wide range of transmittance and haze values, were manufactured to assist in correlating the polarization images and the referenced ground truth from the BKY-Gardner instrument. After the data regression, two linear equations were selected to estimate the transmittance and haze values of transparent objects. The verification experiment for 52 samples demonstrated that the proposed method accurately estimated the transmittance of the samples with a coefficient of determination (R2) as high as 0.96 and an average error of less than 4.1%. The haze estimation had an R2 of 0.94 and an average error of 5.08%. Pseudo color maps were used to present the different transmittance and haze values of a single object. The proposed system can perform image-based translucency measurements and obtain individual values of a composite object.
BiPMAP: a toolbox for predicting perceived motion artifacts on modern displays
Authors: Meng Guanghan , Galor Dekel , Waller Laura , Banks Martin S.
Published: January 2024

Viewers of digital displays often experience motion artifacts (e.g., flicker, judder, edge banding, motion blur, color breakup, depth distortion) when presented with dynamic scenes. We developed an interactive software tool for display designers that predicts how a viewer perceives motion artifacts for a variety of stimulus, display, and viewing parameters: the Binocular Perceived Motion Artifact Predictor (BiPMAP). The tool enables the user to specify numerous stimulus, display, and viewing parameters. It implements a model of human spatiotemporal contrast sensitivity in order to determine which artifacts will be seen by a viewer and which will not. The tool visualizes the perceptual effects of discrete space-time sampling on the display by presenting side by side the expected perception when the stimulus is continuous compared to when the same stimulus is presented with the spatial and temporal parameters of a prototype display.
Miniaturized fluorescence pH sensor with assembly free ball lens on a tapered multimode optical fiber
Authors: Zhang Bohong , Mumtaz Farhan , Roman Muhammad , Alla Dinesh Reddy , Gerald II Rex E. , Huang Jie
Published: January 2024

In biochemistry, the absence of a compact, assembly-free pH sensor with high sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio has been a persistent hurdle in achieving accurate pH measurements in real time, particularly in complex liquid environments. This manuscript introduces what we believe to be a novel solution in the form of a miniaturized pH sensor utilizing an assembly-free ball lens on a tapered multimode optical fiber (TMMF), offering the potential to revolutionize pH sensing in biochemical applications. A multimode optical fiber (MMF) was subjected to tapering processes, leading to the creation of an ultra-thin needle-like structure with a cross-sectional diameter of about 12.5 µm and a taper length of 3 mm. Subsequently, a ball lens possessing a diameter of 20 µm was fabricated at the apex of the taper. The resultant structure was coated utilizing the dip-coating technique, involving a composite mixture of epoxy and pH-sensitive dye, 2’,7’-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF), thereby ensconcing the tapered ball lens with dye molecules for pH sensing. This study encompassed the fabrication and evaluation of six distinct fiber structures, incorporating the cleaved endface, the convex lens, and the ball lens structures to compare light focal lengths and propagation intensities. Computational simulations and numerical analyses were conducted to elucidate the encompassing light focal distances across the full array of lens configurations. The efficacy of the proposed pH sensor was subsequently assessed through its deployment within a complex liquid medium spanning a pH spectrum ranging from 6 to 8. Real-time data acquisition was performed with a fast response time of 0.5 seconds. A comparative analysis with a pH sensor predicated upon a single TMMF embedded with the fluorescent dye underscored the substantial signal enhancement achieved by the proposed system twice the fluorescence signal magnitude. The proposed assembly-free miniaturized pH sensor not only substantiates enhanced signal collection efficiency but also decisively addresses the persistent challenges of poor signal-to-noise ratio encountered within contemporary miniaturized pH probes.
Acoustic-feedback wavefront-adapted photoacoustic microscopy
Authors: Shen Yuecheng , Ma Jun , Hou Chengtian , Zhao Jiayu , Liu Yan , Hsu Hsun-Chia , Wong Terence T. W. , Guan Bai-Ou , Zhang Shian , Wang Lihong V.
Published: January 2024

Optical microscopy is indispensable to biomedical research and clinical investigations. As all molecules absorb light, optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) is an important tool to image molecules at high resolution without labeling. However, due to tissue-induced optical aberration, the imaging quality degrades with increasing imaging depth. To mitigate this effect, we develop an imaging method, called acoustic-feedback wavefront-adapted PAM (AWA-PAM), to dynamically compensate for tissue-induced aberration at depths. In contrast to most existing adaptive optics assisted optical microscopy, AWA-PAM employs acoustic signals rather than optical signals to indirectly determine the optimized wavefront. To demonstrate this technique, we imaged zebrafish embryos and mouse ears in vivo. Experimental results show that compensating for tissue-induced aberration in live tissue effectively improves both signal strength and lateral resolution. With this capability, AWA-PAM reveals fine structures, such as spinal cords and microvessels, that were otherwise unidentifiable using conventional PAM. We anticipate that AWA-PAM will benefit the in vivo imaging community and become an important tool for label-free optical imaging in the quasi-ballistic regime.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE [LI]/[NB] RATIO ON THE HOLOGRAPHIC STORAGE PERFORMANCE OF MGFECULINBO3 CRYSTALS
Authors: Dai Li , Wang Houliang
Published: January 2024

Four groups of Mg:Fe:Cu:LiNbO₃ crystals with different [Li]/[Nb] ratios were prepared using the Czochralski method. The crystals were tested using infrared absorption spectroscopy (IR) to analyze ion occupation, and their optical birefringence performance was tested through two-wave coupling experiments. The crystals' resistance to optical damage was tested using the exposure energy flux threshold method. The results showed that when the [Li]/[Nb] ratio exceeded 1.20, the doped ions began to enter the Nb site. As the [Li]/[Nb] ratio increased, the optical birefringence performance and resistance to optical damage of the crystals gradually improved. When the [Li]/[Nb] ratio was 1.38, aside from an increase in grating erasure time, the writing speed, diffraction efficiency, sensitivity, dynamic range, and photoconductivity were all optimal. At this ratio, the Mg:Fe:Cu:LiNbO₃ crystal exhibited the best holographic storage performance.
Independent control of circularly polarized light with exceptional topological phase coding metasurfaces
Authors: Li Yicheng , Wan Shicheng , Deng Shaoxuan , Deng Zhengwei , Lv Bo , Guan Chunying , Yang Jun , Bogdanov Andrey , Belov Pavel , Shi Jinhui
Published: January 2024

Exceptional points, as degenerate points of non-Hermitian parity-time symmetric systems, have many unique physical properties. Due to its flexible control of electromagnetic waves, a metasurface is frequently used in the field of nanophotonics. In this work, we developed a parity-time symmetric metasurface and implemented the 2π topological phase surrounding an exceptional point. Compared with Pancharatnam-Berry phase, the topological phase around an exceptional point can achieve independent regulation of several circular polarization beams. We combined the Pancharatnam-Berry phase with the exceptional topological phase and proposed a composite coding metasurface to achieve reflection decoupling of different circular polarizations. This work provides a design idea for polarimetric coding metasurfaces in the future.
Exploring the use of social media and online methods to engage persons with lived experience and healthcare professionals in creating research agendas: Lessons from a pediatric cancer research priority-setting partnership
Authors: Hwang Kyobin , Sivaratnam Surabhi , Azeredo Rita , Hashemi Elham , Jibb Lindsay A.
Published: January 2024

Social media is increasingly used to engage persons with lived experience and healthcare professionals in research, however, there remains sparse guidance on how to effectively use social media to engage these groups in research agenda-setting. Here we report our process and experience utilizing a social media campaign to engage Canadians within the pediatric cancer community in a research priority-setting exercise. Following the James Lind Alliance method, we launched a priority-setting partnership (PSP) to develop a child with cancer-, survivor-, family member-, and healthcare professional-based Canadian pediatric cancer research agenda. Social media-based strategies were implemented to recruit participants for two PSP surveys, including preparatory activities, developing a website, launching graphics and advertisements, and engaging internal and external networks. Descriptive statistics of our data and analytics provided by the platforms are used presently to report our process. The framework we implemented involved preparing for social media use, identifying a target audience, developing campaign content, conducting the campaign, refining the campaign as needed, and evaluating its success. Our process resulted in a substantial social media-based reach, good survey completion rates, and a successfully developed pediatric cancer community-specified research agenda. Social media may represent a useful approach to engage persons with lived experience and healthcare professionals in research agenda development. Based on our experience, we present strategies to increase social media campaign engagement that may be useful to those seeking to conduct health research priority-setting exercises.
Supporting self-management for patients with Interstitial Lung Diseases: Utility and acceptability of digital devices
Authors: Althobiani Malik A. , Shuttleworth Rebecca , Conway John , Dainton Jonathan , Duckworth Anna , Da Ponte Ana Jorge , Mandizha Jessica , Lanario Joseph W. , Gibbons Michael A. , Lines Sarah , Scotton Chris J. , Hurst John R. , Porter Joanna C. , Russell Anne-Marie
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Patients diagnosed with Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILD) use devices to self-monitor their health and well-being. Little is known about the range of devices, selection, frequency and terms of use and overall utility. We sought to quantify patients’ usage and experiences with home digital devices, and further evaluate their perceived utility and barriers to adaptation.

Methods

A team of expert clinicians and patient partners interested in self-management approaches designed a 48-question cross-sectional electronic survey; specifically targeted at individuals diagnosed with ILD. The survey was critically appraised by the interdisciplinary self-management group at Royal Devon University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust during a 6-month validation process. The survey was open for participation between September 2021 and December 2022, and responses were collected anonymously. Data were analysed descriptively for quantitative aspects and through thematic analysis for qualitative input.

Results

104 patients accessed the survey and 89/104 (86%) reported a diagnosis of lung fibrosis, including 46/89 (52%) idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) with 57/89 (64%) of participants diagnosed >3 years and 59/89 (66%) female. 52/65(80%) were in the UK; 33/65 (51%) reported severe breathlessness medical research council MRC grade 3–4 and 32/65 (49%) disclosed co-morbid arthritis or joint problems. Of these, 18/83 (22%) used a hand- held spirometer, with only 6/17 (35%) advised on how to interpret the readings. Pulse oximetry devices were the most frequently used device by 35/71 (49%) and 20/64 (31%) measured their saturations more than once daily. 29/63 (46%) of respondents reported home-monitoring brought reassurance; of these, for 25/63 (40%) a feeling of control. 10/57 (18%) felt it had a negative effect, citing fluctuating readings as causing stress and ‘paranoia’. The most likely help-seeking triggers were worsening breathlessness 53/65 (82%) and low oxygen saturation 43/65 (66%). Nurse specialists were the most frequent source of help 24/63 (38%). Conclusion: Patients can learn appropriate technical skills, yet perceptions of home-monitoring are variable; targeted assessment and tailored support is likely to be beneficial.
Self-management of chronic, non-communicable diseases in South Asian settings: A systematic mixed-studies review
Authors: Siddiqui Faraz , Hewitt Catherine , Jennings Hannah , Coales Karen , Mazhar Laraib , Boeckmann Melanie , Siddiqi Najma
Published: January 2024

Self-management is crucial in mitigating the impacts of a growing non-communicable disease (NCD) burden, particularly in Low and Middle-Income countries. What influences self-management in these settings, however, is poorly understood. We aimed to identify the determinants of self-management in the high NCD region of South Asia and explore how they influence self-management. A systematic mixed-studies review was conducted. Key electronic databases [MEDLINE (1946+), Embase (1974+), PsycInfo (1967+) and CINAHL (EBSCOhost)] in March 2022 (and updated in April 2023) were searched for studies on the self-management of four high-burden NCD groups: cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases and depression. Study characteristics and quantitative data were extracted using a structured template, and qualitative information was extracted using NVivo. Quality appraisal was done using the Mixed Methods Assessment Tool (MMAT). Quantitative findings were organised using the Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH) framework and synthesised narratively, supported by effect direction plots. Qualitative findings were thematically synthesised. Both were integrated in a mixed synthesis. Forty-four studies (26 quantitative, 16 qualitative and 2 mixed-methods studies) were included, the majority of which were conducted in urban settings and among individuals with diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Higher age, education, and income (structural determinants), health-related knowledge, social support and self-efficacy (psychosocial determinants), longer illness duration and physical comorbidity (biologic determinants), and the affordability of medicine (health-system determinants) were key determinants of self-management. Qualitative themes highlighted the role of financial adversity and the social and physical environment in shaping self-management.A complex interplay of structural and intermediary social determinants shapes self-management in South Asian settings. Multi-component, whole-systems approaches could boost self-management in these settings. Key areas include empowerment and education of patients and wider community, design and delivery of bespoke behavioural interventions and a stronger emphasis on supporting self-management in healthcare settings.
“Getting pregnant during COVID-19 was a big risk because getting help from the clinic was not easy”: COVID-19 experiences of women and healthcare providers in Harare, Zimbabwe
Authors: Mupambireyi Zivai , Cowan Frances M. , Chappell Elizabeth , Chimwaza Anesu , Manika Ngoni , Wedderburn Catherine J. , Gannon Hannah , Gibb Tom , Heys Michelle , Fitzgerald Felicity , Chimhuya Simbarashe , Gibb Diana , Ford Deborah , Mushavi Angela , Bwakura-Dangarembizi Mutsa
Published: January 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic and associated measures may have disrupted delivery of maternal and neonatal health services and reversed the progress made towards dual elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and syphilis in Zimbabwe. This qualitative study explores the impact of the pandemic on the provision and uptake of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services from the perspectives of women and maternal healthcare providers. Longitudinal in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 pregnant and breastfeeding women aged 20–39 years living with HIV and 20 healthcare workers in two maternity polyclinics in low-income suburbs of Harare, Zimbabwe. Semi-structured interviews were held after the second and third waves of COVID-19 in March and November 2021, respectively. Data were analysed using a modified grounded theory approach. While eight antenatal care contacts are recommended by Zimbabwe’s Ministry of Health and Child Care, women reported only being able to access two contacts. Although HIV testing, antiretroviral therapy (ART) refills and syphilis screening services were accessible at first contact, other services such as HIV-viral load monitoring and enhanced adherence counselling were not available for those on ART. Closure of clinics and shortened operating hours during the second COVID-19 wave resulted in more antenatal bookings occurring later during pregnancy and more home deliveries. Six of the 20 (33%) interviewed women reported giving birth at home, assisted by untrained traditional midwives as clinics were closed. Babies delivered at home missed ART prophylaxis and HIV testing at birth despite being HIV-exposed. Although women faced multiple challenges, they continued to attempt to access services after delivery. These findings underline the importance of investing in robust health systems that can respond to emergency situations to ensure continuity of essential HIV prevention, treatment, and care services.
Associations between gestational weight gain under different guidelines and adverse birth outcomes: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial in rural western China
Authors: Zhu Yingze , Wang Liang , Qi Qi , Cheng Yue , Zhu Zhonghai , Zeng Lingxia
Published: January 2024

Several gestational weight gain (GWG) guidelines have been established based on monocenter or multicenter researches. We aimed to examine the associations between categories of GWG under the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendation guideline, the Chinese National Health Commission (NHC) guideline, and weight-gain-for-gestational-age z-scores derived from the INTERGROWTH-21st Project and adverse birth outcomes. We used data from an antenatal micronutrient supplementation trial in rural western China between 2002 and 2006. Maternal weekly average GWG during the second and third trimesters was calculated and classified into inadequate, adequate and excessive GWG according to the IOM and NHC, respectively. Weight-gain-for-gestational-age z-scores derived from the INTERGROWTH-21st Project were grouped into three subgroups using two approaches: z-score percentile<25th, 25th to 75th, >75th and z-score <-1, -1 to 1, >1 SD. Infant birth weight and gestational age were measured using standard approaches. Generalized linear model with binomial family and logit link was applied to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidential intervals (CI) for GWG categories and adverse birth outcomes. Among 1,239 women with normal weight (18.5 kg/m2 to 23.9 kg/m2) during early pregnancy, 18.0% and 34.2% were classified as adequate GWG according to IOM and NHC, respectively. Less than half of Chinese women reached optimal GWG by any recommendation guideline. According to NHC, excessive GWG showed a significant association with macrosomia (OR 3.75, 95% CI 1.03, 13.74), large-for-gestation-age (LGA) (OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.01, 4.45), and inadequate GWG was associated with post-term birth (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.21, 4.16), compared with adequate GWG. Inappropriate GWG was associated with adverse birth outcomes even among women with normal weight during early pregnancy. The monitoring and interventions of weight status during pregnancy, especially for the second and third trimesters, are of great public health importance for optimal birth outcomes. Additionally, developing guideline of appropriate GWG ranges should account for the traits of regional population.
Thoughts of self-harm in adolescents: Relationship with violence in the Dominican Republic
Authors: Badger Kelsey , Baez Caraballo Pamela , Gibbs Ahzyris , Messina Luz , Halpern Mina , Amesty Silvia
Published: January 2024

Violence against adolescents is a pressing health problem with long-term implications for future physical and mental well-being, such as thoughts of self-harm, which have been associated with suicidal ideation and completion. However, much of the research has been conducted only in high-income countries. This study aimed to examine the correlation between violence against adolescents and self-harm thoughts in La Romana, Dominican Republic (DR). Cross-sectional survey data was collected at a community-based clinic from participants aged 13–20. Participants were recruited through the clinic’s adolescent program and peer referral, and verbal consent was obtained. A survey solicited information about each participant’s demographics, experiences with violence, and thoughts of harm to self or others. The survey was completed by 49 adolescents. The mean age was 16.78 (SD 2.34); 65% were female. We performed t-tests and Fisher’s exact to investigate the relationship between demographics, reported violence experiences and having self-harm thoughts. About half (45%) had experienced physical violence, 76% had experienced emotional violence, and 12% had experienced sexual violence. The most common perpetrators of physical and emotional violence were classmates (12% and 24%), and the most common perpetrator of sexual violence was an ex-partner (4.1%). Ten participants (20.4%) had thought about harming themselves. Self-harm thoughts were significantly associated with being female (p = 0.025), employed (p = 0.05), and to a higher number of experiences of physical (0.029) and sexual violence (p = 0.023). The results of this study suggest a high prevalence of both violence and self-harm thoughts in adolescents in the DR. Interventions that address physical and sexual violence against adolescents may be particularly important. Particular attention should also be paid to screening for self-harm thoughts in female-identifying adolescents. Further research is needed to better understand the relationship between violence and self-harm thoughts in adolescents in the DR.
Agonists of melatonin receptors strongly promote the functional recovery from the neuroparalysis induced by neurotoxic snakes
Authors: D’Este Giorgia , Fabris Federico , Stazi Marco , Baggio Chiara , Simonato Morena , Megighian Aram , Rigoni Michela , Negro Samuele , Montecucco Cesare
Published: January 2024

Snake envenoming is a major, but neglected, tropical disease. Among venomous snakes, those inducing neurotoxicity such as kraits (Bungarus genus) cause a potentially lethal peripheral neuroparalysis with respiratory deficit in a large number of people each year. In order to prevent the development of a deadly respiratory paralysis, hospitalization with pulmonary ventilation and use of antivenoms are the primary therapies currently employed. However, hospitals are frequently out of reach for envenomated patients and there is a general consensus that additional, non-expensive treatments, deliverable even long after the snake bite, are needed. Traumatic or toxic degenerations of peripheral motor neurons cause a neuroparalysis that activates a pro-regenerative intercellular signaling program taking place at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). We recently reported that the intercellular signaling axis melatonin-melatonin receptor 1 (MT1) plays a major role in the recovery of function of the NMJs after degeneration of motor axon terminals caused by massive Ca2+ influx. Here we show that the small chemical MT1 agonists: Ramelteon and Agomelatine, already licensed for the treatment of insomnia and depression, respectively, are strong promoters of the neuroregeneration after paralysis induced by krait venoms in mice, which is also Ca2+ mediated. The venom from a Bungarus species representative of the large class of neurotoxic snakes (including taipans, coral snakes, some Alpine vipers in addition to other kraits) was chosen. The functional recovery of the NMJ was demonstrated using electrophysiological, imaging and lung ventilation detection methods. According to the present results, we propose that Ramelteon and Agomelatine should be tested in human patients bitten by neurotoxic snakes acting presynaptically to promote their recovery of health. Noticeably, these drugs are commercially available, safe, non-expensive, have a long bench life and can be administered long after a snakebite even in places far away from health facilities.
Research on the spatial patterns and evolution trends of the coupling coordination between digital finance and sustainable economic development in the Yellow River Basin, China
Authors: An Qiguang , Wang Yongkai , Wang Ruoyu , Meng Qinggang , Ma Yunpeng
Published: January 2024

In the current global context, digital finance (DF) and sustainable economic development (SED) are important topics. The synergies between DF and SED have already been proven. However, the measurement and quantitative analysis of the coupling coordination degree (CCD) of DF and SED have not received sufficient attention to date. Based on data from 55 cities in the Yellow River Basin (YRB) from 2011 to 2021, this study constructs an evaluation index system of DF and SED and measures their level, respectively. The proposed CCD model is then used to measure the CCD between the two systems. In addition, kernel density estimation, Markov chain,σ-convergence,β-convergence, and the quadratic assignment procedure (QAP) method are used to study the spatial pattern, distribution dynamic evolution trend, convergence, and influencing factors of the regional differences in the CCD. The results show that: (1) From 2011 to 2021, the CCD level showed a stable upward trend and regional heterogeneity, and the time stage characteristics were more obvious. (2) The center position and change interval of the overall distribution curve of the kernel density estimation gradually shifted to the right. The Markov transfer probability matrix shows that the CCD is more stable among different levels, indicating a phenomenon of “club convergence”. (3) A convergence analysis shows that there are significantσ-convergence, absoluteβ-convergence, and conditionalβ-convergence. (4) The QAP regression shows that factors such as the regional differences in GDP per capita have a significant impact on the regional differences in the CCD. This study offers a comprehensive structure that can be used to examine the synergistic effects between DF and SED; the research findings can also provide perspectives for other areas.
La recepción italiana de Miguel de Unamuno, entre crítica y traducciones
Authors: Lodi Enrico
Published: January 2024

Este artículo se propone considerar la continuidad de la presencia de la obra de Miguel de Unamuno en el panorama cultural italiano, desde la aparición de las primeras traducciones y reseñas sobre él hasta nuestros días, para investigar si se puede identificar una evolución de las tendencias interpretativas alrededor de su obra. Debido al carácter heterogéneo de los estudios italianos sobre el autor vasco, se ha adoptado un enfoque principalmente cronológico, para poder considerar, década tras década, qué sintonías pueden haberse establecido o qué tipo de operaciones culturales pueden haberse llevado a cabo. Dividimos nuestra reconstrucción en tres etapas: (1) desde 1901 hasta la muerte de Unamuno, en 1936, período en el que podemos apreciar una casi monolítica apreciación de su figura; (2) desde los años cuarenta hasta la década de los ochenta, fase caracterizada por un inicial reposo crítico y por la mayor posibilidad de contextualización histórico-literaria del conjunto de su obra, gracias también a la institucionalización académica del hispanismo italiano; (3) desde los noventa hasta nuestros días, años en los que la recepción crítica de Unamuno ha sido marcada por una copiosa cantidad de estudios y traducciones que confirman la longue durée de la presencia del autor vasco en las filas de los grandes escritores extranjeros.
Reseña del libro: Francisco Javier Blasco Pascual y Cristina Ruiz Urbón (2022), Análisis de textos desde la estilometría
Authors: Escandell Montiel Daniel
Published: January 2024

Reseña del libro: Francisco Javier Blasco Pascual y Cristina Ruiz Urbón (2022), Análisis de textos desde la estilometría.
The Resilience of Democratic Values Under Difficult Conditions. The Case of Guatemala 2012-2021
Authors: Meléndez Carlos
Published: January 2024

This article describes the evolution of democratic attitudes in Guatemala between 2012 and 2021 and identifies, at the political system level, the contextual factors that have contributed to changes in attitudes over time. For this purpose, we trace the linkages between recent political, economic, and social development indicators/trends and public opinion data. Based on cluster analysis of nationally representative survey data, we group of citizens with distinct patterns of democratic attitudes. Those “institutionalists”, who express consistent support for democratic institutions, comprise the largest share of respondents in all the examined years, although that share decreases in the more recent surveys. The research sustains that democratic values among Guatemalans are resistant despite the establishment’s attempts to hinder anti-corruption processes. Civic mobilization demanding accountability, justice, and respect of electoral results confirm this democratic resilience, despite the institutional setbacks.
Quality of pork after electron-beam irradiation: A meta-analysis study
Authors: Wahyono Teguh , Ujilestari Tri , Sholikin Mohammad Miftakhus , Muhlisin Muhlisin , Cahyadi Muhammad , Volkandari Slamet Diah , Triyannanto Endy
Published: January 2024

Background and Aim: Irradiation has become a preferred method for pork preservation in recent years. Electron-beam irradiation is notably recognized for its feasibility and safety among various irradiation methods. This meta-analysis study aims to elucidate the impact of electron-beam irradiation on oxidation parameters, color, sensory attributes, and microbiological conditions in pork.

Materials and Methods: A total of 79 data from 22 articles were aggregated into an extensive database. The irradiation dose ranged from 0 to 20 kGy in this current meta-analysis. The observed parameters encompassed oxidation, color, sensory attributes, and microbiological conditions. A mixed-model approach was used to perform the meta-data analysis, in which irradiation dose was treated as fixed effects and distinct studies (articles) as random effects.

Results: Electron-beam irradiation resulted in an increase in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances levels and peroxide-oxygen value of pork (p < 0.01). Conversely, total volatile-base-nitrogen values (p < 0.05) were observed. Following irradiation, the pH value, lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) remained unaffected. Pork color tended to decrease after irradiation treatment (p = 0.095 and p = 0.079, respectively) at 7 and 14 days of storage. The irradiation process resulted in an increase in the values of texture and juiciness parameters (p < 0.05). However, electron-beam irradiation resulted in decreased overall acceptability (p = 0.089). In terms of microbiological status, electron-beam irradiation led to a reduction in the populations of Salmonella (p < 0.01), Escherichia coli (p < 0.01), Listeria monocytogenes (p < 0.05), and coliforms (p < 0.05) at 7 and 14 days of storage.

Conclusion: Electron-beam irradiation enhances lipid peroxidation in porcine meat. The color of the meat remained unchanged after treatment. However, with regard to sensory properties, electron-beam irradiation showed a tendency to decreased overall acceptability. Most microbiological parameters decreased following electron-beam irradiation.

Keywords: electron beam, irradiation, meat, meta-analysis, pork.
O potencial do Turismo de Base Comunitária (TBC) no Assentamento 72 em Ladário, no Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: Zanetoni João Pedro Ferraz , Araujo Geraldino Carneiro de , Mariani Milton Augusto Pasquotto
Published: January 2024

O Turismo de Base Comunitária (TBC) surge como uma alternativa ao turismo de massa no sentido de propor a gestão do turismo pela própria comunidade. Contudo, os estudos apontam para potenciais de TBC, sem se debruçar sobre os aspectos da gestão interna das comunidades. O objetivo do trabalho é analisar o potencial para implementação do TBC no Assentamento 72, em Ladário, MS. A pesquisa é qualitativa, utilizou-se a história oral como método de entrevistas, e os dados foram analisados a partir da análise de conteúdo e com auxílio do software IRAMUTEQ. Os resultados identificam questões de gestão interna do assentamento, existem práticas de associativismo e decisões autônomas, além de parcerias com a Embrapa Pantanal e com a UFMS. Assim, notou-se que existe potencial para desenvolver TBC no assentamento pesquisado. Apesar de não ocorrer prática de turismo, existem conversas sobre planejamento e execução de uma festa com produtos locais e há a possibilidade de oferecer passeios no assentamento para os turistas conhecerem essa realidade. As discussões sobre as iniciativas de TBC precisam avançar no sentido de não apenas expor potencialidades ligadas a passeios, mas em compreender a organização e as múltiplas relações das comunidades receptoras.
Hospitalidade, experienscape e meta-hospitalidade em viagens de incentivo
Authors: Librach Buckup Eduardo Librach , Wada Elizabeth Kyoko
Published: January 2024

O objetivo do artigo foi investigar os benefícios da hospitalidade no segmento de viagens de incentivo e apresenta o resultado de uma pesquisa empírica, exploratória e explicativa pelo método misto com base nos conceitos Emic-Etic-Emic. Devido ao tamanho e à profundidade do estudo principal, o foco deste artigo foi nos achados da fase final Emic da pesquisa de campo, a partir das lacunas observadas nos resultados das fases anteriores Emic e Etic. Foi feita uma pesquisa qualitativa pelo método de estudo de casos múltiplos por meio da observação participante em três viagens, sendo o problema da pesquisa compreender a importância da hospitalidade entre stakeholders envolvidos em viagens de incentivo para alcançar um diferencial competitivo no setor. Os principais resultados foram que a hospitalidade é importante ao criar fortes laços comerciais e vantagens competitivas, os componentes do experienscape são fundamentais nas viagens e a possibilidade de alcançar a meta-hospitalidade durante os incentivos. Para futuros estudos, considera-se realizar outros tipos de pesquisa com mais respondentes e dar continuidade à análise das vantagens da hospitalidade em viagens de incentivo, considerando a manifestação de outros stakeholders envolvidos nesse segmento.
Factors influencing digital entrepreneurship intention among undergraduate business students in Jordan
Authors: Alkhalaileh Mohammad Younis , Kovács Sándor , Katonáné Kovács Judit
Published: January 2024

The digital revolution has completely changed the business structure, offering entrepreneurs and economies tremendous opportunities. The Jordanian government and universities recognized this potential and took steps to foster a digital entrepreneurship culture. However, despite these efforts, universities in Jordan have been relatively slow in supporting and integrating digital entrepreneurship culture. This study investigated the factors influencing digital entrepreneurship intention among 399 undergraduate students in Jordan. Partial Least Squares Modeling was used to analyze the data. The empirical findings indicated that digital entrepreneurship intention is directly influenced by attitude towards entrepreneurship and perceived behavioral control and indirectly by personality traits. However, subjective norms, digital literacy, and perceived university support did not significantly impact it. The findings of this study contribute to the growing body of knowledge on the role of digital literacy and socio-psychological factors in driving digital entrepreneurial intentions, offering valuable insight for future policy initiatives and educational strategies.
Enhancing Critical Thinking in Early Childhood through STEAM-Oriented Busy Board Media: A Development Study
Authors: Ningsih Rahmi Wardah , Farida Niken
Published: January 2024

This study explores the development and effectiveness of STEAM-based busy board media in enhancing critical thinking skills among children aged 5-6 years. Using the ADDIE model, we created a dual-sided active board integrating science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics elements. This research examines the effectiveness of STEAM-based busy board media in improving critical thinking skills in 5-6-year-old children. The study utilized the ADDIE model to create a dual-sided board incorporating science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics elements. Conducted in Sidodadi Village kindergartens, the methodology included expert validations, trials, and pretest-posttest evaluations. The initial analysis highlighted the absence of specific media to foster critical thinking in this age group. The busy board was deemed feasible, appropriate, and safe by experts. Significant enhancements in children's critical thinking were observed, with post-test results indicating considerable progress. Statistical analysis using SPSS 22 confirmed the busy board's positive impact, emphasizing STEAM's role in early childhood education. The box panel received high effectiveness ratings in expert assessments (85.3%, 76.1%, 87.1%, and 67.7%). The hypothesis test significantly affected critical call thinking development (0.000 < 0.05). Both expert and user evaluations attested to its effectiveness, with trials showing notable improvements in early childhood critical thinking. However, the study was limited by its geographical focus and lacked long-term impact assessments. These results support the inclusion of sensory tools in early education and call for further investigation into their more comprehensive and action-oriented long-term benefits.
Enhancing Fine Motor Skills in Early Childhood Through Fun Cooking Activities: A Quasi-Experimental Study in Purwakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Maranatha Jojor Renta , Briliany Noviarta
Published: January 2024

This quasi-experimental study investigates the impact of engaging in cooking activities on fine motor skill development in kindergarten children aged 4-5 in Purwakarta, Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Adopting a Nonequivalent Control Group Design, the research compared two groups: an experimental group participating in fun cooking activities and a control group following traditional teaching methods. Pretest and posttest assessments were conducted using a rating scale-based observation tool to measure fine motor skills. The intervention comprised three sessions of cooking activities, focusing on enhancing fine motor abilities. Data analysis utilized the N-Gain score method to quantify skill improvements. Results revealed a medium N-Gain score in the experimental group, indicating a significant enhancement in fine motor skills due to the cooking activities. In contrast, the control group showed no significant change. These findings suggest that fun cooking activities effectively develop fine motor skills in early childhood, offering a practical and engaging alternative to conventional teaching methods. This study's implications extend to curriculum design in early childhood education, advocating for integrating diverse and interactive activities. However, its limited geographical scope and the short duration of the intervention point to the need for further research. Future studies should explore long-term effects and broader applicability, potentially impacting policies and practices in early childhood education. This research adds to the growing body of literature that supports innovative and engaging learning approaches in the foundational years of schooling.