bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Literatura e memória: uma proposta de letramento literário para o conto popular no Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Munhoz Suriano Edivana Cássia , Corsi Margarida Da Silveira
Published: May 2018

No segmento do Ensino Fundamental, a divulgação do repertório folclórico pode ocorrer por meio da literatura infanto-juvenil, uma vez que é importante que crianças e jovens entrem em contato com histórias, causos e lendas a que seus ascendentes tiveram acesso. Por isso, o presente trabalho tem o objetivo de resgatar a importância dos causos, ou seja, das narrativas orais contadas e recontadas de geração em geração, seu possível significado à época e sua ressignificação no contexto atual. Sendo uma das funções da escola a de valorizar e divulgar a cultura oral, um dos exemplares mais singulares  é o conto popular. Assim, para contribuir com o resgate da memória e da história literária, escolhemos o (re)conto “Uma lição no fazendeiro”, do livro Causos de Pedro Malasartes, escrito por Júlio Emílio Braz e ilustrado por Anelise Zimmermann, para desenvolver uma proposta de letramento literário no ensino fundamental II. A fundamentação teórica deste trabalho baseou-se em Zilberman e Silva (1990), Silva (2009), Michelletti (2000), Cosson (2014) e Corsi (2015).
Estratégias metacognitivas de leitura na escola
Authors: Dondoni Angela , Pires Santos Maria Elena
Published: May 2018

Este artigo busca discutir alguns conceitos referentes a estratégias metacognitivas de leitura, a partir dos resultados de uma pesquisa realizada com professores de diferentes disciplinas de uma escola pública. A pesquisa desenvolvida tinha como intuito averiguar quais estratégias metacognitivas de leitura os professores participantes utilizam durante suas leituras e se estes profissionais ensinam estas estratégias aos educandos. Os resultados foram obtidos por meio de questionário escrito. A pesquisa demostrou que todos os entrevistados utilizam estratégias metacognitivas durante suas leituras, já ao que se refere ao ensino aprendizagem dessas estratégias, esse resultado apresentou variações.
A importância da abordagem sociolinguística para a formação do professor de língua portuguesa
Authors: Dos Santos Andreza Marcião , Nogueira Ana Cláudia Fernandes , De Andrade Aldair Oliveira
Published: May 2018

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a formação do professor em que pese sua qualificação profissional para explicar e justificar a questão da variação linguística tanto dentro da sala de aula quanto fora dela. A variação linguística a ser tratada neste texto diz respeito ao Português Padrão e Português Não Padrão, na qual será realizada uma reflexão teórica sobre os cursos de formação de professores tendo como principais sujeitos os assentados de reforma agrária e os professores de Língua Portuguesa. Como resultado é possível inferir que os professores demonstram ter noções sobe as diversidades linguísticas, no entanto, não conseguem explicar e justificar de forma eficiente os fenômenos que correspondem as variedades linguísticas. Desta forma, se na universidade houvesse o estudo da disciplina da Sociolinguística, esta lacuna de conhecimento poderia ser suprida.
The taxlist package: managing plant taxonomic lists in R
Authors: Alvarez Miguel , Luebert Federico
Published: May 2018

Taxonomic lists are crucial elements of vegetation-plot databases and provide the links between original entries, reference taxon views and different taxon concepts. We introduce the R package taxlist in the context of object-oriented modelling for taxonomic lists. This package provides a data structure based on species lists in Turboveg, which is a software broadly used for the storage of vegetation-plot databases and implements functions for importing and handling them prior to statistical analysis. We also present a schema for relational databases, compatible with taxlist objects and recommend its use for handling diversity records.
Optimizing NCLEX-RN Pass Rate Performance Using an Educational Microsystems Improvement Approach
Authors: Oliver Brant J. , Pomerleau Mimi , Potter Mertie , Phillips Andrew , Carpenter Susan , Ciesielski Steve , Pusey-Reid Eleanor , Marcous Alexia , Grobecker Pat
Published: May 2018

Background:

Improvement methods were applied to optimize NCLEX-RN first-attempt pass rates in an Accelerated Bachelor of Science in Nursing (ABSN) program.

Method:

An improvement team was formed comprising nursing faculty, a student, faculty leading a course in the ABSN program involved in preparing students for NCLEX-RN, and a faculty expert in improvement science. Two Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles aimed at increasing practice and mastery were conducted. Effects were assessed using inferential statistics and statistical process control analyses.

Results:

One hundred eighty-four ABSN students participated over two semesters. Average practice questions per student per semester increased from 1,000 questions at baseline to 2,130 questions (
p
< .01) postintervention, average practice examinations from 2.9 to 3.2 (
p
< .05), and average practice test mastery from 6.8 to 7.2 on an 8-point scale (
p
< .05). First-attempt NCLEX-RN pass rates increased from 76.7% to 86.2% (
p
< .05).

Conclusion:

ABSN NCLEX-RN performance improved subsequent to this microsystem-based improvement effort. [
J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(5):265–274.]
Nursing Students' Perceptions of Safety and Communication Issues in the Clinical Setting
Authors: Gropelli Theresa , Shanty Joyce A.
Published: May 2018

Background:

The purpose of this study is to describe nursing students' perceptions of safety issues and communication in clinical settings.

Method:

A descriptive study of nursing students' perceptions of safety and communication in clinical settings was conducted at a state university in the northeastern United States. Study participants consisted of 196 junior- and senior-level undergraduate nursing students in a baccalaureate program.

Results:

One third of the students reported thinking that mistakes are held against them. In addition, they reported fear of communicating an error and fear of asking questions if something does not seem right. The majority reported they never encountered a near-miss event and would not report an error that and not harm the patient. Students also responded that actual errors and near misses are not consistently reported.

Conclusion:

Findings indicate educators have an opportunity to enhance nursing curricula with strategies to foster and embrace a culture of safety. [
J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(5):287–290.]
Cost-Effective Virtual Clinical Site Visits for Nurse Practitioner Students
Authors: Alton Suzanne , Luke Sheba A. , Wilder Maureen
Published: May 2018

Background:

Clinical site visits (CSVs) are critical to assess the progress of nurse practitioner (NP) students. To overcome the challenges of effectively assessing long-distance students while maintaining a reasonable faculty workload, faculty implemented a project using FaceTime
®
to conduct online CSVs to assess NP student progress. FaceTime is a videoconferencing program available on Apple
®
devices.

Method:

Site visits were conducted by school of nursing faculty with real-time observation of the NP student–patient encounter. Afterward, faculty then completed the student, site, and preceptor evaluations. Faculty, preceptors, and students were surveyed regarding ease of use and acceptability of the iPad
®
visits.

Results:

FaceTime CSVs provided faculty with the information needed to fill out the required evaluation forms of the student, preceptor, and site, and the iPad visits were easy to use and acceptable to all stakeholders.

Conclusion:

Using FaceTime for CSVs saved faculty travel time and used fewer program resources. [
J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(5):308–311.]
Poetry: An Innovative Teaching Strategy for Exploring Empathy With Beginning Nursing Students
Authors: Mood Laura
Published: May 2018

Background:

Empathy is a professional value difficult to teach and challenging for beginning nursing students to grasp. This article describes how a poem was integrated in a seminar to engage students in exploring empathy and its relevance to their forming professional identities.

Method:

Preseminar, nursing students (
N
= 8) read a book chapter about thinking empathetically. In seminar, they read an assigned poem and, using guiding questions, discussed it in small and large groups. Postseminar, students wrote self-reflections about their most important learning of the week.

Results:

Through in-seminar discussions and postseminar reflections, students crafted new meanings of empathy, contemplated new insights, and integrated them into their imagined professional identities. In written self-reflections, six of eight students indicated the seminar was their most important learning of the week.

Conclusion:

Poetry is an engaging platform that makes accessible to beginning students the values of the profession that are difficult to articulate and grasp. [
J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(5):315–318.]
Pocket Labs Supported IoT Teaching
Authors: Cvjetkovic Vladimir M
Published: May 2018

IoT is both a concept and a specific platform with large variety of applications that rapidly become inseparable part of everyday life not only improving it, but making it more interesting and fun. ICT based, it is devoted to interactions with environment that are usually not available with traditional ICT equipment and platforms. IoT is at the same time both complementary and compatible with exist-ing non IoT world, which offers computing power and resources to IoT, making it a unique and powerful combination. Pocket Lab is a relatively new teaching concept that supports students’ creativity and initiative allowing for carrying and experimenting with real equipment at a time and place of choice, much like using of regular text books for studying. Although the IoT & Pocket Labs are not nec-essarily interconnected or mutually conditioned, this paper discusses such a real case of teaching practice, where the Pocket Labs are a natural solution for teach-ing of IoT. The paper deals with one semester teaching experience of IoT as a university course. Obtained results and experience may be quite general except for university students profile defined with their previous education and knowledge. Besides the main goal of the course which is an introduction to IoT, some other aims were exploring the students’ motivation for studying of IoT as a new technology and emphasizing the importance of new original ideas and views being as important as mastering the IoT technologies.
24/7 Connectedness and its Potential Impact on Today’s Physics Students: Technology Use, Multitasking, and GenMe
Authors: Larkin Teresa L. , Hein Benjamin R.
Published: May 2018

There is no question that the digital age is upon us. For many of us, the trans-formation to the digital age has been gradual; and, most often, welcomed. In the classroom, we have developed many useful and innovative applications technolo-gy-based pedagogies. Outside of the classroom, we use routinely rely on tech-nology to communicate with our students. However, not all of us grew up with 24/7 access to information that the internet and today’s technologies provide. Perhaps the impact of technology on those of us that teach is a bit different from the impact on our students. Many of our students today are members of the mil-lennial generation, which is sometimes referred to as Generation Me (GenMe). Members of GenMe have literally grown up with technology and the instantane-ous availability of information right at their fingertips. Computers, smart phones, iPads, and other technologies offer their users immediate access to information. Might these technologies be seen as a significant distraction to whatever the task at hand might be? Could these distractions be to blame for the perception of many in GenMe that they must multitask in order to get everything done? Might instant access to information be casting a cloud on student learning? If so, does this cloud have a silver lining? This paper addresses these and other questions through the use of a survey given to students in a second-level physics course in spring 2016. Results reveal that nearly all students feel the need to maintain this 24/7 connection using their smart phones. The impact that this level of connect-edness may have on our students will be discussed.
A Method to Design a Multi-Player Educational Scenario to Make Interdisciplinary Teams Experiment Risk Management Situation in a Digital Collaborative Learning Game: A Case of Study in Healthcare
Authors: Pons Lelardeux Catherine , Galaup Michel , Panzoli David , Lagarrigue Pierre , Jessel Jean-Pierre
Published: May 2018

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest for collaborative training in risk management. One of the critical point is to create educational and entirely controlled training environments that support industrial companies (in aviation, healthcare, nuclear…) or hospitals to train (future or not) professionals. The aim is to improve their teamwork performance making them understand the importance applying or adjusting safety recommendations. In this article, we present a method to design multi-player educational scenario for risk management in a socio-technical and dynamic context. The socio-technical situations focused in this article involve non-technical skills such as teamwork, communication, leadership, decision-making and situation awareness. The method presented here has been used to design as well regular situations as well as critical situations in which deficiencies already exist or mistakes can be freely made and fixed by the team in a controlled digital environment.
The Transition to STEM Higher Education: Policy Recommendation – Conclusions of the readySTEMgo-Project
Authors: Langie Greet , Pinxten Maarten
Published: May 2018

For Europe to remain at the forefront of scientific and technological devel-opment, the current shortage of persons trained in these fields at secondary and higher education has to be overcome. The readySTEMgo project aims to improve the retention rates of higher education STEM programmes by the identification of at-risk students in an early stage. We successfully identified a number of key skills that are essential for first-year achievement in a STEM programme. Additionally, we investigated which intervention tools can support at-risk students and evaluated their effectiveness. Based on the output of this research project four policy recommendations are formulated.
Midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) injury to Brassicaceae in field trials in northeastern Saskatchewan, Canada
Authors: Andreassen Lars , Soroka Juliana , Grenkow Larry , Olfert Owen , Hallett Rebecca H.
Published: May 2018

To determine resistance of Brassicaceae field crops to Contarinia Róndani (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) midge complex (Contarinia nasturtii Kieffer and Contarinia undescribed species), field trials of two different host assemblages were undertaken near Melfort, Saskatchewan, Canada in 2014 and repeated in 2015. In both years the first midge adults appeared in early July, when most plants were starting to flower, and a second generation occurred in mid-August, past the period of crop susceptibility. In a trial studying 18 lines of six brassicaceous species, the lowest probability of midge injury was found on Camelina sativa (Linnaeus) Crantz lines in both years. No differences were found in the probability of midge injury among any of the 13 Brassica Linnaeus species lines tested, including commercial glyphosate-resistant and glufosinate-resistant Brassica napus Linnaeus canola lines, Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata Braun), brown or oriental mustard (Brassica juncea (Linnaeus) Czernajew), or Polish canola (Brassica rapa Linnaeus) lines. Probability of midge injury on Sinapis alba Linnaeus yellow mustard lines reached levels between those on Camelina sativa lines and those on Brassica lines. A second trial examining 14 current commercial glyphosate-resistant Brassica napus canola cultivars found no differences in susceptibility to midge feeding among any cultivars tested. More plants were damaged in 2015 in both studies, and damage reached maximum levels earlier in 2015 than in 2014.
Canonical TGF-β Signaling Pathway Represses Human NK Cell Metabolism
Authors: Zaiatz-Bittencourt Vanessa , Finlay David K. , Gardiner Clair M.
Published: May 2018

Cytokines stimulate rapid metabolic changes in human NK cells, including increases in both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation pathways. However, how these are subsequently regulated is not known. In this study, we demonstrate that TGF-β can inhibit many of these metabolic changes, including oxidative phosphorylation, glycolytic capacity, and respiratory capacity. TGF-β also inhibited cytokine-induced expression of the transferrin nutrient receptor CD71. In contrast to a recent report on murine NK cells, TGF-β–mediated suppression of these metabolic responses did not involve the inhibition of the metabolic regulator mTORC1. Inhibition of the canonical TGF-β signaling pathway was able to restore almost all metabolic and functional responses that were inhibited by TGF-β. These data suggest that pharmacological inhibition of TGF-β could provide a metabolic advantage to NK cells that is likely to result in improved functional responses. This has important implications for NK cell–based cancer immunotherapies.
IL-2 Enhances Gut Homing Potential of Human Naive Regulatory T Cells Early in Life
Authors: Hsu Peter S. , Lai Catherine L. , Hu Mingjing , Santner-Nanan Brigitte , Dahlstrom Jane E. , Lee Cheng Hiang , Ajmal Ayesha , Bullman Amanda , Arbuckle Susan , Al Saedi Ahmed , Gacis Lou , Nambiar Reta , Williams Andrew , Wong Melanie , Campbell Dianne E. , Nanan Ralph
Published: May 2018

Recent evidence suggests early environmental factors are important for gut immune tolerance. Although the role of regulatory T (Treg) cells for gut immune homeostasis is well established, the development and tissue homing characteristics of Treg cells in children have not been studied in detail. In this article, we studied the development and homing characteristics of human peripheral blood Treg cell subsets and potential mechanisms inducing homing molecule expression in healthy children. We found contrasting patterns of circulating Treg cell gut and skin tropism, with abundant β7 integrin+ Treg cells at birth and increasing cutaneous lymphocyte Ag (CLA+) Treg cells later in life. β7 integrin+ Treg cells were predominantly naive, suggesting acquisition of Treg cell gut tropism early in development. In vitro, IL-7 enhanced gut homing but reduced skin homing molecule expression in conventional T cells, whereas IL-2 induced a similar effect only in Treg cells. This effect was more pronounced in cord compared with adult blood. Our results suggest that early in life, naive Treg cells may be driven for gut tropism by their increased sensitivity to IL-2–induced β7 integrin upregulation, implicating a potential role of IL-2 in gut immune tolerance during this critical period of development.
Tokio, ciudad anti-desastre.
Authors: Durán Fernández José , Romera Giner Juan Pedro
Published: May 2018

En Tokio la sombra de los terremotos y sus devastadores incendios ha sobrevolado la ciudad desde su fundación, pero la sombra se ha hecho más oscura desde el Gran Terremoto de Kanto en 1923 y más alargada desde los bombardeos del ejército norteamericano en la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Por esta poderosa razón, la creación de una ciudad segura se impone como la clave fundamental de la construcción de la ciudad. En este artículo se estudian los mecanismos urbanos utilizados para luchar contra la vulnerabilidad urbana, los cuales imponen un lento proceso de transformación de la ciudad, con el objetivo de poner a salvo sus cerca de 10 millones de habitantes cuando se produzca el próximo terremoto.

La metodología utilizada consiste en un análisis escalar de la ciudad en sentido descendente. Desde una visión amplia de la Ciudad de Tokio la investigación desciende hasta el Barrio de Setagaya y finalmente se aproxima al Distrito de Taishido, último escalón del proyecto urbano.

El artículo es un compendio de nueve textos cortos y un epílogo, que junto a sus respectivos diez documentos gráficos, construyen el corpus de la investigación. El lector pues se enfrenta a un ensayo gráfico formado por pequeños capítulos que le sumergirán en los devastadores episodios del pasado urbano de la Ciudad de Tokio y le alumbrarán sobre un esperanzador futuro.  
The Sainsbury Laboratory, Cambridge.
Authors: Architects Stanton Willimas
Published: May 2018

El Laboratorio Sainsbury es un centro internacional líder dedicado a la investigación de la ciencia de las plantas. Está situado dentro del Jardín Botánico de la Universidad de Cambridge, que fue fundado por John Henslow, tutor y mentor de Charles Darwin.

El Laboratorio alberga el Herbario de la Universidad, una colección que incluye los especímenes de plantas recolectadas por el propio Darwin. Junto con los laboratorios de investigación, también contiene salas de reuniones, una sala de conferencias, espacios sociales y un nuevo café público.
Tectónicas de proximidad: reflexiones acerca de la obra de Stanton Williams
Authors: Rettondini Lara , Brito Oscar
Published: May 2018

El método de estratificar materiales es el más evidente en el trabajo de Stanton Williams. Para obtener un conjunto cohesivo, combinan el hormigón visto con un estrato cuidadosamente seleccionado de materiales "nobles", incluida la piedra, como en el Sainsbury Laboratory, o la madera, como en el Britten-Pears Archive. Esta considerada yuxtaposición les permite establecer un serio diálogo entre los materiales, el cual mejora sus cualidades inherentes, algo que el estudio indica como fundamental a la manera en la cual sus edificios son percibidos. Al tallar, plegar y estratificar, Stanton Williams tiene como objetivo intensificar la producción de una experiencia tectónica en múltiples escalas, que va desde una conciencia general de la totalidad hasta una apreciación más cercana de los detalles y los acabados. Y es precisamente este hecho lo que finalmente revela la relación fenomenológica entre cuerpo, espacio y construcción, donde la experiencia humana en arquitectura está mediada por la tectónica de la proximidad.
Characteristics Influencing Diversity of Participation of Children in Activities Outside School
Authors: Shields Nora , Adair Brooke , Wilson Peter , Froude Elspeth , Imms Christine
Published: May 2018

OBJECTIVE. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to determine which personal and environmental characteristics influenced diversity of participation in activities outside school for typically developing children and adolescents.

METHOD. Four hundred twenty-two (215 boys) typically developing Australian children (mean = 11.0 yr) completed the Children’s Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE) and the Preferences for Activity of Children to describe their participation on five activity types: Recreational, Active Physical, Social, Self-Improvement, and Skill-Based. Linear regression analyses were conducted.

RESULTS. Predictors of participation diversity were age and preference for Recreational (aR2 = .44); preference for Active Physical (aR2= .19); gender, school type, and preference for Social (aR2 = .19); preference for Skill-Based (aR2 = .25); and gender, school style, socioeconomic score, and preference for Self-Improvement (aR2 = .24).

CONCLUSION. Preference plays a key role in determining the diversity of participation in activities outside school.
Home Safety Fall and Accident Risk Among Prematurely Aging, Formerly Homeless Adults
Authors: Gutman Sharon A. , Amarantos Kevin , Berg Jan , Aponte Melissa , Gordillo Daniela , Rice Christopher , Smith Jonathan , Perry Anna , Wills Tamara , Chen Ethan , Peters Richard , Schluger Zachary
Published: May 2018

OBJECTIVE. Homelessness prematurely ages people. A large subgroup of formerly homeless adults between ages 40 and 64 yr have health conditions similar to or worse than people categorized as elderly. Little is known about the impact of this group’s chronic health conditions on their ability to safely function in supportive housing.

METHOD. Home safety visits were carried out with 25 formerly homeless adults, ages 40–64 yr, now residing in supportive housing.

RESULTS. Participants had physical, cognitive, and mental health problems that significantly interfered with their ability to perform daily life skills, safely function in an apartment, and manage chronic health conditions. Home safety hazards included cluttered walking paths, the presence of steps, and the lack of grab bars and nonskid flooring.

CONCLUSION. The homeless population would benefit from aging specialists, such as occupational therapists, who could help people to maintain and function more safely in their homes. Without such services, this population may be at risk for home safety events leading to hospitalization and mortality.
Mixing and ageing in the polar lower stratosphere in winter 2015–2016
Authors: Krause Jens , Hoor Peter , Engel Andreas , Plöger Felix , Grooß Jens-Uwe , Bönisch Harald , Keber Timo , Sinnhuber Björn-Martin , Woiwode Wolfgang , Oelhaf Hermann
Published: May 2018

Abstract. We present data from winter 2015–2016, which were measured during the
POLSTRACC (The Polar Stratosphere in a Changing Climate) aircraft campaign
between December 2015 and March 2016 in the Arctic upper troposphere and
lower stratosphere (UTLS). The focus of this work is on the role of transport
and mixing between aged and potentially chemically processed air masses from
the stratosphere which have midlatitude and low-latitude air mass fractions
with small transit times originating at the tropical lower stratosphere. By
combining measurements of CO, N2O and SF6 we estimate the evolution
of the relative contributions of transport and mixing to the UTLS composition
over the course of the winter. We find an increasing influence of aged stratospheric air partly from the
vortex as indicated by decreasing N2O and SF6
values over the course of the winter in the extratropical lower and lowermost
stratosphere between Θ=360 K and Θ=410 K over the North
Atlantic and the European Arctic. Surprisingly we also found a mean increase in CO of (3.00 ± 1.64) ppbV from January to March
relative to N2O in the lower stratosphere. We show that this
increase in CO is consistent with an increased mixing of tropospheric air as
part of the fast transport mechanism in the lower stratosphere surf zone. The
analysed air masses were partly affected by air masses which originated at
the tropical tropopause and were quasi-horizontally mixed into higher
latitudes. This increase in the tropospheric air fraction partly compensates for ageing
of the UTLS due to the diabatic descent of air masses from the vortex by
horizontally mixed, tropospheric-influenced air masses. This is consistent
with simulated age spectra from the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the
Stratosphere (CLaMS), which show a respective fractional increase in
tropospheric air with transit times under 6 months and a
simultaneous increase in aged air from upper stratospheric and vortex regions
with transit times longer than 2 years. We thus conclude that the lowermost stratosphere in winter 2015–2016 was
affected by aged air from the upper stratosphere and vortex region. These air
masses were significantly affected by increased mixing from the lower
latitudes, which led to a simultaneous increase in the fraction of young air
in the lowermost Arctic stratosphere by 6 % from January to March 2016.
Decadal evolution of ship emissions in China from 2004 to 2013 by using an integrated AIS-based approach and projection to 2040
Authors: Li Cheng , Borken-Kleefeld Jens , Zheng Junyu , Yuan Zibing , Ou Jiamin , Li Yue , Wang Yanlong , Xu Yuanqian
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Ship emissions contribute significantly to air pollution and pose health
risks to residents of coastal areas in China, but the current research
remains incomplete and coarse due to data availability and inaccuracy in
estimation methods. In this study, an integrated approach based on the
Automatic Identification System (AIS) was developed to address this problem.
This approach utilized detailed information from AIS and cargo turnover and
the vessel calling number information and is thereby capable of quantifying
sectoral contributions by fuel types and emissions from ports, rivers,
coastal traffic and over-the-horizon ship traffic. Based upon the established
methodology, ship emissions in China from 2004 to 2013 were estimated, and
those to 2040 at 5-year intervals under different control scenarios were
projected. Results showed that for the area within 200 nautical miles (Nm) of
the Chinese coast, SO2, NOx, CO, PM10, PM2.5,
hydrocarbon (HC), black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC) emissions in 2013
were 1010, 1443, 118, 107, 87, 67, 29 and 21 kt yr−1, respectively,
which doubled over these 10 years. Ship sources contributed ∼ 10 %
to the total SO2 and NOx emissions in the coastal provinces of
China. Emissions from the proposed Domestic Emission Control Areas (DECAs)
within 12 Nm constituted approximately 40 % of the all ship emissions
along the Chinese coast, and this percentage would double when the DECA
boundary is extended to 100 Nm. Ship emissions in ports accounted for about
one-quarter of the total emissions within 200 Nm, within which nearly
80 % of the emissions were concentrated in the top 10 busiest ports of
China. SO2 emissions could be reduced by 80 % in 2020 under a
0.5 % global sulfur cap policy. In comparison, a similar reduction of
NOx emissions would require significant technological change and would
likely take several decades. This study provides solid scientific support for
ship emissions control policy making in China. It is suggested to investigate
and monitor the emissions from the shipping sector in more detail in the
future.
Ice particle properties of Arctic cirrus
Authors: Wolf Veronika , Kuhn Thomas , Milz Mathias , Voelger Peter , Krämer Martina , Rolf Christian
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Ice particle and cloud properties such as particle size, particle shape and number concentration influence the net radiation effect of cirrus clouds. Measurements of these features are of great interest for the improvement of weather and climate models, especially for the Arctic region. In this study, balloon-borne in-situ measurements of Arctic cirrus clouds have been analysed for the first time with respect to their origin. Eight cirrus cloud measurements were carried out in Kiruna (68° N), Sweden. Ice particle diameters between 10 μm and 1200 μm were found and the shape could be recognised from 20 μm upwards. Great variability in particle size and shape was observed. This cannot simply be explained by local environmental conditions. However, if sorted by cirrus origin, wind, and weather conditions, the observed differences can be assessed. Number concentrations between 3/L and 400/L were measured, but only for two cases the number concentration reached values above 100/L. These two cirrus clouds were of in-situ origin and were caused by gravity and mountain lee-waves. For all other measurements, the maximum ice particle concentration was below 50/L and for one in-situ origin cirrus case only 3/L. In the case of in-situ origin clouds, the particles were all smaller than 350 μm diameter. The number size distribution for liquid origin clouds was much broader with particle sizes between 10 μm and 1200 μm. Furthermore, it is striking that in the case of in-situ origin clouds almost all particles were compact (61 %) or irregular (25 %) when examining the particle shape. In liquid origin clouds, on the other hand, most particles were irregular (48 %), rosettes (25 %) or columnar (14 %). There were hardly any plates in cirrus regardless of their origin. It is also noticeable that in the case of liquid origin clouds the rosettes and columnar particles were almost all hollow.
Exploring the potential of the nano-Köhler theory to describe the
growth of atmospheric molecular clusters by organic vapors
Authors: Kontkanen Jenni , Olenius Tinja , Kulmala Markku , Riipinen Ilona
Published: May 2018

Abstract. New particle formation involving sulfuric acid, bases and oxidized organic compounds is an important source of atmospheric aerosol particles. One of the mechanisms suggested to depict this process is the nano-Köhler theory, which describes the activation of inorganic molecular clusters to growth by a soluble organic vapor. In this work we studied the capability of the nano-Köhler theory to describe the growth of atmospheric molecular clusters by simulating the dynamics of a cluster population in the presence of a sulfuric acid–base mixture and an organic compound. We observed nano-Köhler type activation in our simulations when the saturation ratio of the organic vapor and the ratio between organic and inorganic vapor concentrations were in a suitable range. However, the nano-Köhler theory was unable to predict the exact size at which the activation occurred in the simulations. In some conditions apparent cluster growth rate (GR) started to increase close to the activation size determined from the simulations. Nevertheless, because the behavior of GR is also affected by other dynamic processes, GR alone cannot be used to deduce the cluster growth mechanism.
Constructing Precipitable Water Vapor Map from Regional GNSS
Network Observations without Collocated Meteorological Data
Authors: Chen Biyan , Dai Wujiao , Liu Zhizhao , Wu Lixin , Kuang Cuilin , Ao Minsi
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Surface pressure (Ps) and weighted mean temperature (Tm) are two necessary variables for the accurate retrieval of precipitable water vapor (PWV) from global navigation satellite system (GNSS) data. The lack of Ps or Tm information is a concern for those GNSS sites that are not collocated with meteorological sensors. This paper investigates an alternative method of inferring accurate Ps and Tm at the GNSS station using nearby synoptic observations. Ps and Tm obtained at the nearby synoptic sites are interpolated onto the location of GNSS station by performing both vertical and horizontal adjustments, in which the parameters involved in Ps and Tm calculation are estimated from ERA-Interim reanalysis profiles. In addition, we present a method of constructing high quality PWV map through vertical reduction and horizontal interpolation of the retrieved GNSS PWVs. To evaluate the performances of the Ps and Tm retrieval and the PWV map construction, GNSS data collected from 58 stations of the Hunan GNSS network and synoptic observations from 20 nearby sites in 2015 were processed to extract the PWV so as to subsequently generate PWV map. The retrieved Ps and Tm and constructed PWV maps were assessed by the results derived from radiosonde and ERA-Interim reanalysis. The results show that (1) accuracies of Ps and Tm derived by synoptic interpolation are within the range of 1.7–3.0 hPa and 2.5–3.0 K, respectively, which are much better than the GPT2w model; (2) the constructed PWV maps have good agreements with radiosonde and ERA reanalysis data with overall accuracy better than 3 mm; and (3) PWV maps can well reveal the moisture advection, transportation and convergence during heavy rainfall.
An approach for the estimation of the aggregated photovoltaic power generated in several European countries from meteorological data
Authors: Saint-Drenan Yves-Marie , Wald Lucien , Ranchin Thierry , Dubus Laurent , Troccoli Alberto
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Classical approaches to the calculation of the photovoltaic (PV) power
generated in a region from meteorological data require the knowledge of the
detailed characteristics of the plants, which are most often not publicly
available. An approach is proposed with the objective to obtain the best
possible assessment of power generated in any region without having to
collect detailed information on PV plants. The proposed approach is based on
a model of PV plant coupled with a statistical distribution of the prominent
characteristics of the configuration of the plant and is tested over Europe.
The generated PV power is first calculated for each of the plant
configurations frequently found in a given region and then aggregated taking
into account the probability of occurrence of each configuration. A
statistical distribution has been constructed from detailed information
obtained for several thousands of PV plants representing approximately
2 % of the total number of PV plants in Germany and was then adapted to
other European countries by taking into account changes in the optimal PV
tilt angle as a function of the latitude and meteorological conditions. The
model has been run with bias-adjusted ERA-interim data as meteorological
inputs. The results have been compared to estimates of the total PV power
generated in two countries: France and Germany, as provided by the
corresponding transmission system operators. Relative RMSE of 4.2 and
3.8 % and relative biases of −2.4 and 0.1 % were found with
three-hourly data for France and Germany. A validation against estimates of
the country-wide PV-power generation provided by the ENTSO-E for 16 European
countries has also been conducted. This evaluation is made difficult by the
uncertainty on the installed capacity corresponding to the ENTSO-E data but
it nevertheless allows demonstrating that the model output and TSO data are
highly correlated in most countries. Given the simplicity of the proposed
approach these results are very encouraging. The approach is particularly
suited to climatic timescales, both historical and future climates, as
demonstrated here.
Multi-year particle fluxes in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard
Authors: D'Angelo Alessandra , Giglio Federico , Miserocchi Stefano , Sanchez-Vidal Anna , Aliani Stefano , Tesi Tommaso , Viola Angelo , Mazzola Mauro , Langone Leonardo
Published: May 2018

Abstract. High latitude regions are warming faster than other areas due to reduction of snow cover, sea ice loss, changes in atmospheric and ocean circulation. The combination of these processes, collectively known as polar amplification, provides an extraordinary opportunity to document the ongoing thermal destabilisation of the terrestrial cryosphere and the release of land-derived material into the aquatic environment. This study presents a six-year time-series (2010–2016) of physical parameters and particles fluxes collected by an oceanographic mooring in Kongsfjorden (Spitsbergen, Svalbard). In recent decades, Kongsfjorden has been experiencing rapid loss of sea ice coverage and retreat of local glaciers as a result of the progressive increase of ocean and air temperatures. The overarching goal of this study was to continuous monitoring the inner fjord particle sinking and to understand to what extent the temporal evolution of particulate fluxes were linked to the progressive changes in both Atlantic and freshwater input. Our data show high peaks of settling particles during warm seasons, in terms of both organic and inorganic matter. The different sources of suspended particles were described as a mixing of glacier carbonate, glacier-silicoclastic and autochthonous marine input. The glacier releasing sediments into the fjord resulted to be the predominant source, while the sediment input by rivers was reduced at the mooring site. Our time-series showed that the seasonal sunlight exerted first-order control on the particulate fluxes in the inner fjord. The marine fraction peaked when the solar radiation was maxima in May–June while the land-derived fluxes exhibited a 1–2 months lag consistent with the maximum air temperature and glacier melting. The inter-annual time-weighted total mass fluxes varied two-order of magnitudes over time, with relatively higher values in 2011, 2013 and 2015. Our results suggest that the land-derived input will remarkably increase over time in a warming scenario. Further studies are therefore needed to understand the future response of the Kongsfjorden ecosystem alterations in respect to the enhanced release of glacier-derived material.
Carbon burial in deep-sea sediment and implications for oceanic inventories of carbon and alkalinity over the last glacial cycle
Authors: Cartapanis Olivier , Galbraith Eric D. , Bianchi Daniele , Jaccard Samuel L.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Although long assumed that the glacial-interglacial cycles of atmospheric CO2 occurred despite a constant active carbon inventory, there are signs that the geological CO2 supply rates varied. However, changes of the carbon inventory cannot be assessed without constraining the removal rates from the system, which mainly occurs in marine sediments. Here, we present the first global reconstruction of carbon and alkalinity burial in deep-sea sediments over the last glacial cycle. Although subject to large uncertainties, the reconstruction provides a first order constraint on changes in carbon and alkalinity inventories over the last glacial cycle. The results suggest that reduced burial of carbonate in the Atlantic Ocean was not entirely compensated by the increased burial in the Pacific basin during the last glacial period. The burial-driven inventory variations are likely to have significantly altered the δ13C of the ocean-atmosphere carbon, as well as the DIC and alkalinity budget, confirming that the active carbon inventory was a dynamic, interactive component of the glacial cycles.
Assessing Green and Blue Water: Understanding Interactions and
Making Balance between Human and Nature
Authors: Mao Ganquan , Liu Junguo , Han Feng , Meng Ying , Tian Yong , Zheng Yi , Zheng Chunmiao
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Water resources assessment is crucial for human well-being and ecosystem’s health. Assessments by considering both the blue and green water are of great significance as the green water plays a critical but often ignored role in the terrestrial ecosystem, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Many approaches have been developed for green and blue water valuation, while few of them considers the interrelationship between them. This study proposed a new framework for green and blue water assessment by considering the interactions between them in an arid endorheic river basin where hydrological cycling is dramatically altered by human activities. Results show that even though the green water is the dominant water resources, the blue water is also critical. Most of the blue water are transformed to green water through physically and human induced processes to meet the water demand of ecosystems. Time and spatial variability of water supply and consumption forms totally different blue and green water regimes in different ecosystems. We also found that human use an increasing share of water with the decrease of the water availability. The massive water use by human reduces the water use for natural ecosystems. This indicates that natural ecosystems will take a higher risk of freshwater use when the water use competition increases. This study provides crucial information to better understand the interactions between green and blue water by assessing water resources in an explicit way. It also provides crucial implications for water management aiming to make the balance between humankind and nature.
MONITORING DISASTER-RELATED POWER OUTAGES USING NASA BLACK MARBLE NIGHTTIME LIGHT PRODUCT
Authors: Wang Z. , Román M. O. , Sun Q. , Molthan A. L. , Schultz L. A. , Kalb V. L.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Timely and accurate monitoring of disruptions to the electricity grid, including the magnitude, spatial extent, timing, and duration of net power losses, is needed to improve situational awareness of disaster response and long-term recovery efforts. Satellite-derived Nighttime Lights (NTL) provide an indication of human activity patterns and have been successfully used to monitor disaster-related power outages. The global 500 m spatial resolution National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Black Marble NTL daily standard product suite (VNP46) is generated from Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Day/Night Band (DNB) onboard the NASA/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi- NPP) satellite, which began operations on 19 January 2012. With its improvements in product accuracy (including critical atmospheric and BRDF correction routines), the VIIRS daily Black Mable product enables systematic monitoring of outage conditions across all stages of the disaster management cycle.
SAR COHERENCE CHANGE DETECTION OF URBAN AREAS AFFECTED BY DISASTERS USING SENTINEL-1 IMAGERY
Authors: Washaya P. , Balz T.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The study focuses on two study areas: San Juan in Puerto Rico, which was affected by Hurricane Maria in September 2017, and Sarpol Zahab in Iran, which was one of the towns affected by an earthquake in November 2017. In our study, we generate coherence images, and classify them into areas of ‘change’ and ‘no-change’. A statistical analysis is made by converting the coherence results into point data, creating street blocks for the study areas and integrating the point data into the street blocks to calculate the standard deviation over the whole stack of images. Additionally, Landsat imagery is used to create land-use classes, convert them to polygons and integrate the polygon classes to the coherence maps to determine the average coherence loss per class for each disaster. Results show 65 % loss in coherence after the earthquake in Sarpol-e-Zahab and 75 % loss in Puerto Rico after the Hurricane. Land-use classes show coherence losses to below 0.5 for each disaster.
RAPID TARGET DETECTION IN HIGH RESOLUTION REMOTE SENSING IMAGES USING YOLO MODEL
Authors: Wu Z. , Chen X. , Gao Y. , Li Y.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Object detection in high resolution remote sensing images is a fundamental and challenging problem in the field of remote sensing imagery analysis for civil and military application due to the complex neighboring environments, which can cause the recognition algorithms to mistake irrelevant ground objects for target objects. Deep Convolution Neural Network(DCNN) is the hotspot in object detection for its powerful ability of feature extraction and has achieved state-of-the-art results in Computer Vision. Common pipeline of object detection based on DCNN consists of region proposal, CNN feature extraction, region classification and post processing. YOLO model frames object detection as a regression problem, using a single CNN predicts bounding boxes and class probabilities in an end-to-end way and make the predict faster. In this paper, a YOLO based model is used for object detection in high resolution sensing images. The experiments on NWPU VHR-10 dataset and our airport/airplane dataset gain from GoogleEarth show that, compare with the common pipeline, the proposed model speeds up the detection process and have good accuracy.
UNDERSTANDING THE SPATIO-TEMPORAL PATTERN OF FIRE DISTURBANCE IN THE EASTERN MONGOLIA USING MODIS PRODUCT
Authors:   Wurihan, Zhang H. , Zhang Z. , Guo X. , Zhao J. ,   Duwala, Shan Y. ,   Hongying
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Fire disturbance plays an important role in maintaining ecological balance, biodiversity and self-renewal. In this paper, the spatio-temporal pattern of fire disturbances in eastern Mongolia are studied by using the ArcGIS spatial analysis method, using the MCD45A1 data of MODIS fire products with long time series. It provides scientific basis and reference for the regional ecological environment security construction and international ecological security. Research indicates: (1) The fire disturbance in eastern Mongolia has obvious high and low peak interleaving phenomenon in the year, and the seasonal change is obvious. (2) The distribution pattern of fire disturbance in eastern Mongolia is aggregated, which indicates that the fire disturbance is not random and it is caused by certain influence. (3) Fire disturbance is mainly distributed in the eastern province of Mongolia, the border between China and Mongolia and the northern forest area of Sukhbaatar province. (4) The fire disturbance in the eastern part of the study area is strong and the southwest is weaker. The spreading regularity of fire disturbances in eastern Mongolia is closer to the natural level of ecosystem.