bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
General design method for ultralong optical path length multipass matrix cells
Authors: Gai Yiyun , Li Wenjin , Yi Kaihao , Ou Xue , Huang Zhaoyue , Liu Peng , Zhou Xin
Published: January 2025

For what we believe to be the first time, we propose a general design method for ultralong optical path length (OPL) multipass matrix cells (MMCs) based on the multicycle mode of two-sided field mirrors. Based on the classical Pickett Bradley White cell (PBWC), the design idea of the dual-circulation mode based on two-sided field mirrors is described in detail, with the example of the MMC based on the PBWC-PBWC. Its simple design method and optical stability analysis are given. The other three MMCs based on the dual-circulation mode using the PBWC and Bernstein Herzberg White cell (BHWC) are given. Furthermore, we propose a general design method for ultralong OPL MMCs with multicycle mode by adding cyclic elements. The OPL of the MMCs designed via this method can reach the order of kilometers or even tens of kilometers. To verify the effectiveness of the design method, a CH4 detection system with an MMC based on PBWC-PBWC-PBWC was constructed. The OPL of the MMC is 1,138 m. Allan deviation analysis reveals that the minimum detection limit of methane is 367 ppt. The design method proposed in this paper provides a new idea for the design of multipass cells (MPCs), and the new MMCs have great potential application value in the field of high-precision trace gas monitoring.
Unpaired learning for digital holographic reconstruction and generation
Authors: Sun Xiaotian , Xiong Chencen , Ren Zhenbo , Di Jianglei , Zhao Jianlin
Published: January 2025

Traditional numerical reconstruction methods in digital holography (DH) are faced with problems such as inaccurate and time-consuming unwrapping or the need to capture multiple holograms with different diffraction distances. In recent years, deep learning, believed to be a new and effective optimization tool, has been widely used in digital holography. However, most supervised deep learning methods require large-scale paired data, and their preparation is time-consuming and laborious. Here, we propose what we believe to be a new deep learning approach that can use less unpaired data to train neural networks, thereby reducing the need for labeled data. By using CycleGAN, the calculation process of the loss function does not need paired data, and the network can learn the mapping knowledge between two domains, instead of the data and its corresponding label. As such, the proposed method can reconstruct complex amplitudes for holographic reconstruction. And more importantly,
the trained network learns the knowledge of the imaging system, leading to the capability to generate experimentally synthetic holograms at the same time. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of such high-quality physics-based experimental hologram simulator in DH. The reconstructed complex amplitudes have higher image quality, while the generated holograms can represent realistic system status and reconstruct the input complex amplitudes.
Chargeable photoconductivity in van der Waals heterojunctions of black phosphorus and quasi-two-dimensional electron gas
Authors: Zhang Ran , Wu Shuyi , Xu Hang , Gao Ju , Ma Chunlan , Jiang Yucheng
Published: January 2025

Nowadays, there is a surge of research reports on photovoltaic cells and photodetectors based on van der Waals (vdW) heterojunction. However, there are very few reports on the simultaneous realization of photoelectric conversion and storage in a single device. Herein, a simple method was utilized to successfully prepare a van der Waals heterojunction with a chargeable photoconductivity (CPC) effect between black phosphorus and quasi-two-dimensional electron gas. After a single optical illumination, the device generated photocarriers and stored them for up to 5 days, followed by a bias voltage applied in the dark to release a large photocurrent of 1.0 mA and a current ratio of up to 108 before and after full optical charging. Firstly, experiments showed that the CPC effect critical temperature was approximately 100 K, which is 20 K higher than the highest temperature reported in the literature. Secondly, the CPC effect spectral range of the device increases from 405 nm–808 nm to 405 nm–1064 nm, including even general daylight, indicating that the device’s responsivity and photon collection ability are more prominent. This discovery provides a new direction, to the best of our knowledge, for storage photoconductors and high-efficiency photoelectric storage devices.
Deep-UV laser source based on χ(2) optical frequency conversion and χ(3) stimulated Raman scattering
Authors: Shi Yiqun , Cui Zijian , Sun Mingying , Guo Yajing , Xu Junze , Xie Xinglong , Liu De’an , Zhu Jianqiang
Published: January 2025

By integrating χ(2) optical frequency conversion and χ(3) stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) technology, we demonstrated a new, to the best of our knowledge, deep-UV laser generation scheme near 200 nm in a non-cryogenic KD2PO4 (DKDP) crystal. Based on an Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm, ω1) and cascaded LiB3O5 and DKDP crystals, a 266 nm radiation was obtained firstly by the second- and fourth-harmonic generation (SHG and FHG) (ω4). The energy conversion efficiency from ω1 to ω4 was 24.8%. Meanwhile, the Stokes lights (ω
R
) were stimulated by the Nd:YAG laser in a KGd(WO4)2 crystal with two polarization-dependent Raman shifts of 768 cm−1 and 901 cm−1. Finally, 3.5 mJ, 216.3 nm, and 3.1 mJ, 217 nm deep-UV laser sources were obtained in a DKDP crystal by the sum-frequency generation (SFG) of ω
R
and ω4. The total conversion efficiency from 1064 nm infrared to ∼200 nm deep UV was ∼3%. This scheme, by systematically combining the χ(2) and χ(3) nonlinear effects, overcame the phase-matching limitation of traditional schemes to acquire high-energy 200 nm wave band deep UV via the fifth-harmonic generation (FiHG) in the DKDP crystal, which may provide a new way for the deep-UV laser generation with high energy and high-peak power.
Effects of different scattering components in speckle autocorrelation imaging
Authors: Xie Gengchen , Zhang Xuyu , Zhang Dawei , Han Shensheng , Liu Honglin
Published: January 2025

Various methods of imaging through scattering media suffer a rapid degradation in image quality as medium thickness increases. To address this issue, based on speckle autocorrelation imaging we designed a double-layer diffuser experiment to study the effects of different scattering components on imaging. The results show that both singly scattered light and doubly scattered light can transmit information. However, the difference in memory effect range leads to diverse abilities in information extraction, thereby affecting image recovery. This study may provide insights into the mechanisms of information transmission within thick scattering media and methods to extract information from multiply scattered light to reconstruct images.
Improved refractive index sensitivity with gold-coated D-shaped coreless fiber sensors
Authors: Abdullah Dina N. , Taher Hanan J.
Published: January 2025

This paper demonstrates an optical fiber sensor using a side-polishing technique to create a D-shaped coreless fiber (DSCF) sensor coated with a 50 nm thick gold Nano layer (Au-NL). The aim is to enhance the sensor's ability to detect the refractive index (RI) of sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions at various concentrations. Different lengths of the DSCF sensor (DSCFL) in the range from 1 cm to 2 cm in a step of 0.5 cm with polishing depth (PD) equal to 31 µm were fabricated and examined to determine the optimal configuration for the Au-NL coated DSCF sensor. This study tested NaCl solutions with RIs ranging from 1.33 to 1.38 RIU. The results showed a superior sensitivity of 228.5 nm /RIU, an RI resolution of 8.753 × 10-5 RIU, and a linear regression coefficient (R2) of 98.29%. This sensor demonstrated a quick response to RI changes within this range. The future of RI DSCF sensors with Au-NL coatings appears promising due to their excellent sensitivity, stability, linearity, and repeatability. Therefore, there is a possibility of its use in biological and chemical applications and environmental pollution.
Are oligodendrocytes bystanders or drivers of Parkinson’s disease pathology?
Authors: Salazar Campos José María , Burbulla Lena F. , Jäkel Sarah
Published: January 2025

The major pathological feature of Parkinson ‘s disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disease and most common movement disorder, is the predominant degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, a part of the midbrain. Despite decades of research, the molecular mechanisms of the origin of the disease remain unknown. While the disease was initially viewed as a purely neuronal disorder, results from single-cell transcriptomics have suggested that oligodendrocytes may play an important role in the early stages of Parkinson’s. Although these findings are of high relevance, particularly to the search for effective disease-modifying therapies, the actual functional role of oligodendrocytes in Parkinson’s disease remains highly speculative and requires a concerted scientific effort to be better understood. This Unsolved Mystery discusses the limited understanding of oligodendrocytes in PD, highlighting unresolved questions regarding functional changes in oligodendroglia, the role of myelin in nigral dopaminergic neurons, the impact of the toxic environment, and the aggregation of alpha-synuclein within oligodendrocytes.
Estimating evolutionary and demographic parameters via ARG-derived IBD
Authors: Huang Zhendong , Kelleher Jerome , Chan Yao-ban , Balding David
Published: January 2025

Inference of evolutionary and demographic parameters from a sample of genome sequences often proceeds by first inferring identical-by-descent (IBD) genome segments. By exploiting efficient data encoding based on the ancestral recombination graph (ARG), we obtain three major advantages over current approaches: (i) no need to impose a length threshold on IBD segments, (ii) IBD can be defined without the hard-to-verify requirement of no recombination, and (iii) computation time can be reduced with little loss of statistical efficiency using only the IBD segments from a set of sequence pairs that scales linearly with sample size. We first demonstrate powerful inferences when true IBD information is available from simulated data. For IBD inferred from real data, we propose an approximate Bayesian computation inference algorithm and use it to show that even poorly-inferred short IBD segments can improve estimation. Our mutation-rate estimator achieves precision similar to a previously-published method despite a 4 000-fold reduction in data used for inference, and we identify significant differences between human populations. Computational cost limits model complexity in our approach, but we are able to incorporate unknown nuisance parameters and model misspecification, still finding improved parameter inference.
Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in tea population of Assam
Authors: Selvasekhar Aishwarya , Nath Reema , Gogoi Gourangie , Borah Pronami
Published: January 2025

Background

Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is a disease commonly caused by Aspergillus fumigatus and other Aspergillus species characterized by cavitary lung lesions. Tea garden population is an agrarian population of Assam, mostly associated with tea plantations. Assam is a major tea-producing state with 803 tea gardens producing approximately 50% of the total tea in India, of which 177 are present in the Dibrugarh district alone. Tuberculosis is common in tea garden workers. This community-based cross-sectional study in the tea garden community of Dibrugarh was done to find the prevalence of Aspergillus IgG antibodies and CPA cases in individuals with chronic respiratory symptoms.

Methodology and principal findings

Patients visiting 3 tea garden hospitals and 2 referral hospitals with chronic cough and/or haemoptysis, weight loss/fatigue, and other respiratory symptoms for a duration of 3 months or more were included in this one-year study. Serum samples were tested by Immunocap Phadia 200 for Aspergillus fumigatus-specific IgG antibodies. CPA cases were diagnosed based on clinical, radiological, and serological criteria. Out of 128 samples, seropositivity was seen in 41 (32.0%) patients (cutoff value: 27 mgA/l). Male preponderance (1.6:1) with a mean age of 41.9 (±15.69) was observed. Haemoptysis and fatigue were significant symptoms seen (p-values: 0.0086 and 0.0098, respectively). Aspergillus fumigatus-specific IgG antibody was found to be significantly high in 29 out of 76 patients (38.1%) with a history of tuberculosis. Amongst them, seropositivity with active TB was 5 out of 27 patients (18.5%), and seropositivity with post-TB was 24 out of 49 patients (48.9%). Chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis was the predominant type (38.1%). Proven CPA (clinically, radiologically, and serologically positive) were 22 (17.1%, 95% CI 10.7%–26.0%), and possible CPA (clinically and serologically positive but without radiological data) were 19 (14.8%, 95% CI 8.9%–23.1%).

Conclusion

A high prevalence of CPA (60 per 100 000) was detected. High Aspergillus seropositivity of 48.9% was seen in the post-TB population. Aspergillus-specific IgG antibody testing is the only confirmatory method for diagnosing CPA, which is available in limited centres in India. Aspergillus seropositivity should be detected in post-TB patients presenting with chronic respiratory symptoms.
Hydrogen decreases susceptibility to AngII-induced atrial fibrillation and atrial fibrosis via the NOX4/ROS/NLRP3 and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathways
Authors: Zhang Binmei , Hou Jingxiu , Liu Jiaren , He Junhui , Gao Yunan , Li Guangnan , Ma Tianjiao , Lv Xin , Dong Li , Yang Wei
Published: January 2025

Atrial fibrillation (AF) represents the commonly occurring cardiac arrhythmia and the main factor leading to stroke and heart failure. Hydrogen (H2) is a gaseous signaling molecule that has the effects of anti-inflammation and antioxidation. Our study provides evidence that hydrogen decreases susceptibility to AngII-mediated AF together with atrial fibrosis. Following continuous AngII administration for a 28-day period, AngII+H2 treated rats showed decreased susceptibility to AF, a decrease in atrial fibrosis, a decrease in ROS in atrial myocytes, an inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, an improvement in electrical remodeling, and an inhibition of proliferation and migration of cardiac fibroblasts. We further found that hydrogen regulates the activation of inflammasome and thus improves Ca2+ handling and IKAch and IKur by inhibiting the activity of NOX4 in vivo. In addition, hydrogen was involved in AngII-mediated atrial fibrosis through inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathway through suppressing TGF-β1 activation and secretion in vivo. Our findings suggest that hydrogen is important for preventing and treating AngII-mediated AF and atrial fibrosis, suggesting that hydrogen could be used as the candidate way to prevent and treat AF.
tomoseqr: A Bioconductor package for spatial reconstruction and visualization of 3D gene expression patterns based on RNA tomography
Authors: Matsuzawa Ryosuke , Kawahara Daichi , Kashima Makoto , Hirata Hiromi , Ozaki Haruka
Published: January 2025

RNA tomography computationally reconstructs 3D spatial gene expression patterns genome-widely from 1D tomo-seq data, generated by RNA sequencing of cryosection samples along three orthogonal axes. We developed tomoseqr, an R package designed for RNA tomography analysis of tomo-seq data, to reconstruct and visualize 3D gene expression patterns through user-friendly graphical interfaces. We show the effectiveness of tomoseqr using simulated and real tomo-seq data, validating its utility for researchers. R package tomoseqr is available on Bioconductor (https://doi.org/doi:10.18129/B9.bioc.tomoseqr) and GitHub (https://github.com/bioinfo-tsukuba/tomoseqr).
Understanding uptake of the COVID-19 vaccination among the homeless: A mixed methods evaluation
Authors: Phillips Grace , Racine Emmy , Naughton Anna Marie , Lane Julieann , Kearney Patricia M.
Published: January 2025

Background

Ensuring effective access to vaccinations for people experiencing homelessness is crucial to protecting the health of a vulnerable, yet often overlooked population. Reaching this goal takes more than a one size fits all approach. This study evaluates how a dedicated health team collaborated with multiple agencies to register and deliver the COVID-19 vaccine to people experiencing homelessness.

Methods

This is a mixed methods study co-designed with the Adult Homeless Integrated Team, a multi-disciplinary team who work with local agencies to provide care to people experiencing homelessness in Cork, Ireland’s second largest city. Quantitative data collected at the point of vaccine registration described socio-demographics of the population. To explain the quantitative findings, eleven agencies involved in provision of homeless services were invited to participate in interviews. A manager in each of the agencies acted as a gatekeeper to clients. Interviews explored experiences with the pandemic and the delivery (staff) or receipt (clients) of the COVID-19 vaccine. Interviews were recorded and transcribed, transcriptions were thematically analysed.

Results

There were 728 vaccine doses administered to people experiencing homelessness during the first roll-out of vaccines; 401 first doses and 325 second doses. Of those who received a vaccine, the majority were male (76%), and more than half were Irish (55%). Ten semi-structured interviews, seven staff members and three clients, were conducted. There were three themes that provided further insights into the quantitative findings: Adapting to unprecedented times, Misinformation causing vaccine hesitancy and The importance of building relationships.

Conclusions

This study provides valuable insights into how a multidisciplinary approach resulted in a successful well received vaccination programme among a traditionally hard to reach group.
Empirical research of foreign direct investments efficiency in the European Union on the edge of pandemic outbreak
Authors: Džogan Milan , Lacko Roman , Hajduová Zuzana
Published: January 2025

The study focuses on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economy and foreign direct investments in the European Union countries. Using data envelopment analysis constant and variable returns to scale models, and the Malmquist productivity index, we measured the efficiency of economic resource utilization concerning foreign direct investments and gross domestic product. These efficiencies were assessed in 2019, before the full outbreak of COVID-19, and in 2020, when uncertainty and the consequences of the pandemic were most pronounced. Despite the challenges posed by the pandemic, the European Union displayed economic resilience in the first year, with no significant reduction in foreign direct investment efficiency. Lower-income European Union countries saw an increase in foreign direct investment efficiency, attributing this to positive changes in managerial efficiency. This suggests that decisions made by authorities positively impacted foreign direct investment flows in economically less developed European Union regions despite restrictive measures and market uncertainties.
“They are not HIV treatments drugs; they are preventive drugs (PrEP)”. Experiences of PrEP uptake among vulnerable adolescent girls and young women in Tanzania
Authors: Mwakilasa Magreth Thadei , Mwijage Alexander , Mushy Stella , Amour Maryam , Sirili Nathanael , Maziku Evaline , Likindikoki Samwel , Balandya Emmanuel , Kwesigabo Gideon , Kidenya Benson , Mshana Stephen E. , Lyamuya Eligius , Mmbaga Blandina , Sunguya Bruno , Bartlett John
Published: January 2025

Introduction

HIV poses a significant global health concern, affecting adolescents among other populations. This is attributed to various vulnerabilities including biological factors, gender inequalities and limited access to comprehensive sexual and reproductive health services in sub-Saharan Africa. In Tanzania, adolescent girls, and young women (AGYW) face double the risk of HIV infection compared to their male counterparts. The introduction of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in early 2018 brought hope for changing the HIV cascade in the country. However, numerous challenges still hinder PrEP uptake. Therefore, this study explored experiences of PrEP uptake among vulnerable AGYW in Tanzania.

Methods

This study employed a phenomenological qualitative approach; 52 semi-structured interviews were carried out between May to November 2022 in the selected healthcare facilities in Tanzania. The study adopted inductive-deductive thematic analysis guided by the Social Ecological Model (SEM) to elicit the views of AGYW aged 15–24. Nvivo software was utilised to organise data.

Results

This study has uplifted barriers and facilitators on PrEP uptake among AGYW in Tanzania. The barriers are categorized at individual, interpersonal, and institutional levels. The individual level barriers included pre-requisites for initiating PrEP, disbelief in the effectiveness of PrEP, interference of refill hours with working hours, financial constraints, and adherence to the pills. The interpersonal level barriers included misconceptions about PrEP pills, and labelling of PrEP users. The institutional level barriers included inadequate privacy, PrEP drug stockout, being turned away by health care facilities (HCF), long waiting times, and distance to the HCF. Facilitators included factors at individual level (experienced benefit of PrEP, adequate PrEP knowledge, having multiple partners, perceived risk due to the nature of the work, PrEP ensuring privacy), interpersonal level (support from social networks), and institutional level (Free availability of PrEP, receiving refill reminders).

Conclusions

To overcome barriers to PrEP uptake among AGYW, it is crucial to develop multi-level interventions that consider personal, social, and structural factors hindering PrEP uptake. Implementing strategies like prioritizing off-site PrEP delivery and expanding community outreach for PrEP awareness can help dispel misconceptions and enhance uptake.
Anti-nucleocapsid SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence in previously infected persons with immunocompromising conditions—United States, 2020–2022
Authors: Bratcher Anna , Jones Jefferson M. , Meyer William A. , Waheed Rehan , Yazgi Huda , Harris Aaron , Gundlapalli Adi V. , Clarke Kristie E. N.
Published: January 2025

People with immunocompromising conditions (IC) are at increased risk of severe COVID-19 and death. These individuals show weaker immunogenicity following vaccination than individuals without IC, yet immunogenicity after SARS-CoV-2 infection is poorly understood. To address this gap, the presence of infection-induced antibodies in sera following a positive COVID-19 test result was compared between patients with and without IC. A commercial laboratory provided patient data gathered during July 2020–February 2022 on COVID-19 viral test results and antibody assay results, which included infection-induced (anti-N) antibody presence. Participants were categorized into having or not having IC based on if there was an indicative diagnostic code on their health record for a five-year period prior to the study period. Anti-N presence in sera from people with a positive COVID-19 test result was compared by IC status for four post-infection periods: 14–90, 91–180, 181–365, and 365+ days. A longitudinal, logistic regression produced adjusted odds ratios comparing anti-N prevalence among specimens with and without associated IC, adjusted for age, sex, residence in a metro area, and social vulnerability index (SVI) tertile. Data included 17,025 anti-N test results from 14,690 patients, 1,424 (9.7%) of which had at least one IC on record. In an adjusted comparison to patients without IC, patients with any IC were 0.61 times as likely to have infection-induced antibodies (99% CI: 0.40–0.93), during the 14–90 days following infection. Similar patterns were found when comparing people with two specific types of IC to people without any IC: (1) solid malignancies and (2) other intrinsic immune conditions. These findings stress the importance of prevention measures for people with IC, such as additional vaccination doses and consistent mask use before and after a documented infection.
Comparative evaluation of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) and conventional oxygen therapy (COT) in infants after non-cardiac surgery: Study protocol of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Diwei , Gong Tianqing , Huang Qinghua , Zhang Qianqian , Liu Kai , Li Jia , Yu Hai , Cui Yu
Published: January 2025

Background

Literature regarding the advantages of HFNC in infants for ensuring oxygen supply after non-cardiac surgery is insufficient. The purpose of our study is to compare COT vs. HFNC on postoperative outcomes in infants undergoing non-cardiac surgery. We hypothesize that prophylactic use of HFNC after non-cardiac surgery in infants would reduce the incidence of post-anesthesia hypoxemia and could also be adapted as first-line oxygen therapy after non-cardiac surgery.

Methods

This is a superior, single-blind, randomized controlled study. A total of 394 infants undergoing general anesthesia will be randomly assigned to accept COT or HFNC in a 1:1 ratio. The primary outcome is the rate of desaturation post-extubation. Secondary outcomes include the rate of mild upper airway obstruction, the rate of severe respiratory depression, the rate of transfer to PICU, duration of oxygen therapy, length of PACU stay, the time to reach full enteral feeding, and postoperative adverse events, including nasal injury, agitation, vomiting, and unplanned secondary surgery related to the initial surgery.

Discussion

This is the first randomized controlled trial to explore the advantages of HFNC in infants to ensure oxygen supply after non-cardiac surgery. If favorable evidence is obtained, HFNC could be adopted as first-line oxygen therapy for infants following non-cardiac surgery.

Trial registration

The trial was registered at https://www.chictr.org.cn (Registration number: ChiCTR2400081600, Date: March 6, 2024).
Comparison of early warning scoring systems for predicting stroke occurrence among hospitalized patients: A study using smart clinical data warehouse
Authors: Kim Chulho , Lee Jae Jun , Sohn Jong-Hee , Kim Jong-Ho , Won Dong-Ok , Lee Sang-Hwa
Published: January 2025

Background

This study aimed to evaluate the predictive ability of two widely used early warning scoring systems, the Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) and the National Early Warning Score (NEWS), for predicting stroke occurrence in hospitalized patients.

Methods

The study enrolled 5,474 patients admitted to the intensive care unit from the general ward using data from the Smart Clinical Data Warehouse (CDW). MEWS and NEWS were calculated based on vital signs and clinical parameters within four hours of stroke onset. Stroke occurrence was categorized as ischemic or hemorrhagic. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were performed to assess the predictive abilities of the scoring systems.

Results

Of the enrolled patients, 33.9% (n = 1853) experienced stroke, comprising 783 cases of ischemic stroke and 1,070 cases of hemorrhagic stroke. Both the MEWS and the NEWS were found to significantly predict overall stroke occurrence with a cutoff value of 4 (MEWS>4; OR [95% CI]: 13.90 [11.51–16.79], p<0.001; NEWS>4; OR [95% CI]: 6.71 [5.75–7.83], p<0.001). Parameters, such as prior malignancy, atrial fibrillation, AVPU response, heart rate, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation, are also associated with stroke occurrence. The predictive ability of MEWS and NEWS was good for overall stroke occurrence. (AUC of MEWS: 0.92, 95% CI [0.91–0.93], p<0.001; AUC of NEWS: 0.85, 95% CI [0.84–0.86], p<0.001). The predictive ability was considered fair for ischemic stroke but good for hemorrhagic stroke.

Conclusion

MEWS and NEWS demonstrated significant predictive abilities for overall stroke occurrence among hospitalized patients, with MEWS slightly outperforming NEWS.
Effect of music therapy on behavioral and physiological neonatal outcomes: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis
Authors: Shahbazi Fatemeh , Fattahi-Darghlou Marzieh , Moslehi Samad , Dabiri-Golchin Minoo , Shahbazi Marjan
Published: January 2025

Background

Previous studies have documented the effectiveness of music therapy in improving adverse neonatal outcomes in premature infants. However, this review aims to address the question of how long listening to music can enhance these neonatal outcomes.

Methods

To conduct this dose-response meta-analysis, we searched the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases. The inclusion criteria comprised randomized clinical trials that investigated the effects of music therapy on improving adverse neonatal outcomes. Preterm infants were defined as those born between 27 and 37 weeks of gestation, as fetuses are known to respond to auditory stimuli starting at the 27th week of pregnancy. The initial search was performed on January 28, 2024, and there were no restrictions on the time frame for the search. Ultimately, we employed a two-stage random effects model using the “drmeta” package in Stata software to perform this dose-response meta-analysis.

Results

In total, 30 articles (1855 participants) were identified for inclusion in our meta-analysis. According to pooled analysis with each minute increase in music therapy, the means of respiratory rate, pain score, SBP, DBP, behavioral score, and body temperature decrease by 35.3 beats per minutes, 15.3 VAS, 30.7 mmHg, 8.9 mmHg, 2.7, and 0.27°C. On the other hand, with each minute increase in listening to the music, the mean of O2 saturation, heart rate and sleep duration increase 1.7%, 89.2 beats per minutes and 5.081 minutes per day, respectively.

Conclusion

Music therapy improves the neonatal outcomes of O2 saturation, heart rate, respiratory rate, sleep duration, body temperature and systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Therefore, the existence of a dose-response relationship can indicate a causal relationship between music therapy and the improvement of neonatal outcomes.
FlbB forms a distinctive ring essential for periplasmic flagellar assembly and motility in Borrelia burgdorferi
Authors: Botting Jack M. , Rahman Md Khalesur , Xu Hui , Yue Jian , Guo Wangbiao , Del Mundo Joshua T. , Hammel Michal , Motaleb Md A. , Liu Jun
Published: January 2025

Spirochetes are a widespread group of bacteria with a distinct morphology. Some spirochetes are important human pathogens that utilize periplasmic flagella to achieve motility and host infection. The motors that drive the rotation of periplasmic flagella have a unique spirochete-specific feature, termed the collar, crucial for the flat-wave morphology and motility of the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. Here, we deploy cryo-electron tomography and subtomogram averaging to determine high-resolution in-situ structures of the B. burgdorferi flagellar motor. Comparative analysis and molecular modeling of in-situ flagellar motor structures from B. burgdorferi mutants lacking each of the known collar proteins (FlcA, FlcB, FlcC, FlbB, and Bb0236/FlcD) uncover a complex protein network at the base of the collar. Importantly, our data suggest that FlbB forms a novel periplasmic ring around the rotor but also acts as a scaffold supporting collar assembly and subsequent recruitment of stator complexes. The complex protein network based on the FlbB ring effectively bridges the rotor and 16 torque-generating stator complexes in each flagellar motor, thus contributing to the specialized motility and lifestyle of spirochetes in complex environments.
Serdülők rizikómagatartása a pszichológiai jóllét, valamint a képességek és nehézségek tükrében
Authors: Dudok Réka , Pikó Bettina
Published: January 2025

A serdülőkori kockázati magatartás, különösen a dohányzás és az alkoholfogyasztás jelentős közegészségügyi aggodalmakra ad okot világszerte. Ezek a magatartásformák szoros összefüggést mutatnak a serdülőkorúak mentális egészségével és jóllétével. Jelen tanulmány célja, hogy feltárja ezen összefüggéseket magyarországi serdülők mintáján, különös tekintettel a mentális jóllét védő szerepére. A vizsgálat egy keresztmetszeti felmérés, amelyben 276, 11-18 éves serdülő vett részt Dél-Pest megyében. Az adatgyűjtés 2021-2022 során történt, és magában foglalta a dohányzásra és alkoholfogyasztásra vonatkozó kérdőíveket, valamint az EPOCH-H Serdülőkori Pszichológiai Jóllét Kérdőívet és az SDQ Képességek és Nehézségek Kérdőívet. Az adatok elemzéséhez leíró statisztikát és bináris logisztikus regressziót alkalmaztunk. Sem a dohányzás, sem pedig az alkoholfogyasztás előfordulásában nem volt nemek szerint jelentős eltérés, bár a jóllét indikátorai és a képességek és nehézségek terén mutatkoztak nemi különbségek. Az eredmények kiemelik a pszichológiai jóllét és a kockázati magatartások közötti összefüggéseket. Az adatok alapján arra következtethetünk, hogy míg a nehézségek, problémaviselkedések emelik, a jóllét magasabb szintjei jelentősen csökkenthetik a kockázati magatartások előfordulását, amelyek közvetett módon támogathatják a preventív intervenciók és programok fejlesztését.
Clinical treatment of avulsed tooth, data from literature
Authors: Robo Ilma , Kelmendi Manola , Habazaj Eva , Miri Alda , Heta Saimir , Alliu Nevila
Published: January 2025

Background: The most dangerous outcome of a tooth avulsion, independent of the tooth's “kind” or “position” inside the oral cavity, is destruction of periodontal ligament and pulpal necrosis. Very few live cells with the capacity to heal the damaged ligament, are left on the surface of the tooth. In actuality, the patient is not accountable for and is not even able to handle the injuries caused by the tooth colliding with the alveolus, or the cement colliding with the alveolar walls. Even if these blemishes are minor, the cement is harmed.
Methods: The primary focus of this research is to collect data that has previously been released on the therapy protocol for avulsed teeth and the features of the variables which influence the effective completion of re-implantation in line with the previously established procedures. There are 20 publications that require to be examined in more detail. They will be classified initially based on the approach that was em-ployed for assessing the results and then by their year of publication of the article.
Results: Apexification is believed to be important in 12% of cases if it pertains to a re-implanted tooth's prognosis. A component that was not truly included in the timetable for putting out the re-implantation procedure. The results show that fifteen percent of the prognostic of re-implanted teeth can be attributed to vitality of alveolar bone. The eventual fate of a tooth which has been reimplanted remains unaltered by bone vitality. The one element related to this process is alveolar bone, that is always essential. There's an absolute lack of information con-cerning the pulp vitality factor considering that we are talking about re-implanted teeth, not luxated teeth, and every single re-implanted tooth has an indication for endodontic treatment.
Conclusions: The loss of periodontal ligament's normal physiological metabolism and the morphology of the cells which make up the liga-ment, decrease if periodontal ligament dried up. All of these factors depend on the speed at which the re-implantation procedure continues, preferably in the first fifteen to twenty minutes after avulsion. The nurse or emergency doctor performing this procedure must be familiar with re-implantation or receive medical care for this. If not, a dentist has to give this information over the phone as soon as possible. The tooth “needs” to be washed and carefully placed in the empty alveolus, paying care to keep the shape of both elements, the tooth and the alveolus.
The Roles of Educational Stakeholders in the Finnish Education System: Insights for Islamic Education in Indonesia
Authors: Nur Diyanto Yuli , Eva Latipah
Published: January 2025

Purpose – This study aims to identify the role of educational stakeholders in the Finnish education system and analyse the principles that can be used to improve the quality of Islamic education in Indonesia.
Design/methods/approach – This research is library research that collects data from various sources, such as academic journals, books, websites, and also related publications. Content analysis is used to analyse data in three steps, namely data collection, data reduction, and drawing conclusions.
Findings – The principles in the role of educational stakeholders in Finland could provide new insights to improve the quality of Islamic education in Indonesia. Some of these principles include intense collaboration between educational stakeholders, educational policies whose main aim is to support the student learning process, a participatory approach in making curriculum and educational policies, and a research-based approach is applied in the education system.
Limitations – The data from this study is limited to the literature. Future research can use different approaches to get more in-depth results, for example by conducting in-depth interviews with educational stakeholders in Finland and Indonesia.
Originality/value – This study provides a new perspective to improve the quality of Islamic Education in Indonesia from Finnish approach.
Islamic Scientific Education Based on Taurat, Zabur, Injil, Quran, and Hadith
Authors: Widiastutik Farah Diba Setiana
Published: January 2025

The aim of this research is Allah's messages at QS Al Maidah 46, 66 – 68, and QS Ar Araf 170. At all that surah we know if moslem must used Taurat, Injil, Al Qur’an for law and human daily activity included education. Why Allah said like this it’s because grandchild of Prophet Ibrahim A.S had three imam, they are Rabi imam for Turat and Zabur, Paus Imam for Injil, Imam Makkah Imam for Al Qur’an. Purpose for this research is we can get complete knowledge for our theory and research product that no one can interrupted out knowledge especially at Isaiah and Moslem zone. This research used interview and secondary data from all Allah holly books and scientific journal since April 2019 until April 2024 with descriptive qualitative analyze. Result from this research are Isaiah and Moslem only had one God, and it’s Allah and Jesus is Allah's Prophet (Taurat Tanakh Tafsir Razaq, Zabur 1:1, Injil Genesisn 1:1, QS Al Ikhlas, HR Ibnu Mas’ud).The truth of human evolution theory is human come from Prophet Adam A.S and Eve, theory Darwinian comes from sabbath day (Taurat Kuzari 2 :20, Injil Imamat 26 : 2, Mathius 12:5, Ashabun Nuzul QS. Al Baqoroh 76, HR Abdirrahman Abdiilah bin Ibnu Mas’ud). Hawila location it’s Saudi Arabia (Taurat Samuel 15:7, Injil Genesis 2: 10 – 16, QS Al Baqoroh 35, HR Abu Daud, Tirmizi, Nasa’I : 4744).Complete Tarikh about Prophet Ibrahim A.S family, Prophet Ibrahim A.S had two wives, Sara and Hajar but if we used all holy books kitab Allah we know if Prophet Ibrahim had four wives, Sara mother of Europa, Hajar mother of Middle East Asia, Ketura mother of East Asia and ASEAN, Hajun mother of South Asia (Taurat Tanakh, Pirkei Avot 3:2, 5:21, Bamidbar Rabbah 13:2, Bereshit Rabbah 60:16, 61:1, Aggadat Bereshit 19:2, 3: 1-2, Injil Genesis 23:1, Genesis 16:1, Genesis 25:1, QS. Hujurat ; 11, QS. Ibrahim 37, QS Hud : 71, Kitab Al Qashah An Anbiya, HR Bukhari : 3112).Syaria Law Pirkei Avot 1:1, Zabur 1:2, 19:8, 119:1, Galatia5:18, Lukas 17:5, Mathius 5: 17 – 20, QS Ali Imran 3 – 4, QS Al Maidah 46,48,68, QS Ar Araf 170. Keluarga Nabi Adam A.S Sehendrin 38a: 9 – 18, Zabur 31 : 20, Genesis 1 – end, Exodus 1 – end, Barnabas lonsdale 117 – 120, QS Hijr 26, QS Al Maidah 27 – 32, HR Bukhari 3083. Money and monetary Miscnah Masser Sheni 2 : 5 – 9, Lukas 15 : 8 – 10, Mathius 20 : 1 – 16, QS Ali Imran 75, QS Yusuf 20, HR Bukhari. Daging halal Beitzah 32b: 11 – 12, Imamat 11:4, 47, Yesaya 16: 17, Ulangan 14 : 8, QS Al An’am 146. Last Prophet and Qiyamah Injil Barnabas lonsdale – laura halaman 117 – 120, QS An Nur : 146 : HR Syekh Taharsi so the conclusion is relation between knowledge and Taurat, Zabur, Injil, Al Qur’an, and Hadist, Isaiah and Moslem zone never can interrupted and all Imam father Rabi, Paus, Imam Makkah will accepted.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Pendidikan Pancasila Kelas IV Melalui Penerapan Model Talking Stick Berbantuan Media Question Box
Authors: Setiani Faradilla , Rondli Wawan Shokib , Ermawati Diana
Published: January 2025

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to address the issue of low student performance in the Pancasila Education subject, as identified through observations and interviews at SD 1 Jepang. The Mid-Semester Assessment results showed that students did not meet the school's Learning Objective Completion Criteria of 75. This study aims to improve student learning outcomes in Pancasila Education by implementing the assisted talking stick model with the media question box.Method – The research method employed is Classroom Action Research, carried out in class IV at Elementary School 1 Jepang with 20 students over two cycles, each consisting of two meetings. Each cycle involves stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, tests, and documentation. The data is analyzed quantitatively based on test results and qualitatively through interviews and observations conducted in the pre-cycle.Findings – The results of this study demonstrate that the use of the Talking Stick model, supported by the Question Box media, can enhance student learning outcomes. This is evident from the success indicators, where student performance improved from 75% with "good" criteria in cycle I to 85% with "very good" criteria in cycle II. These findings confirm that the Talking Stick model, assisted by Question Box media, effectively boosts the learning outcomes of class IV students at SD 1 Jepang. Research Implications – This study suggests that teachers should enhance their use of innovative teaching methods and incorporate diverse learning media to improve student learning outcomes in the Pancasila Education subject.
Strategi dan Konsep Teoritis dalam Pembiayaan Pendidikan di Indonesia
Authors: Fihana Mega Yesi Okta
Published: January 2025

Purpose – This research seeks to fill this gap by exploring educational funding theory and applying it concretely in the Indonesian context. Thus, it is hoped that this research can provide new insights and significantly contribute to designing more effective and inclusive policies to improve the Indonesian education system.Methods – This research uses a descriptive research type method to better understand education financing from various theoretical and practical perspectives.Findings – The research results show that financing education is very important because education can have significant costs, especially at the higher education level. Indonesia has taken steps to improve education financing and increase the accessibility and quality of education, the application of innovation in education financing in Indonesia has the potential to increase educational resources and the quality of education and ensure that every individual has an equal opportunity to get a quality education, but it is necessary considering Indonesia's social, economic, and cultural context as well as efforts to ensure long-term sustainability.Research Implications – The phenomenon of increasing education costs is a concern and requires a balance between adequate funding, efficient allocation, and transparent management so that the right to education can be enjoyed without financial obstacles by all citizens. studies may not consider local factors that can influence the effectiveness of financing models, such as geographic conditions and cultural diversity in various regions of Indonesia. Further research with a contextual approach can provide more comprehensive insight into education financing problems at the local level.
Konstruktivisme Lev Semonovich Vygotsky dan Jerome Bruner: Model Pembelajaran Aktif dalam Pengembangan Kemampuan Kognitif Anak
Authors: Tohari Begjo , Rahman Ainur
Published: January 2025

Purpose – The constructivist learning theories of Vygotsky and Bruner highlight the effectiveness of learning through interaction, collaboration, and cognitive apprenticeship. Both theorists design instructional strategies that prioritize students' cognitive development, fostering creativity, deep understanding, and meaningful learning. While contributing significantly to education, the application of constructivism has its advantages and disadvantages. This research will discuss the principles and concepts of constructivism according to Vygotsky and Bruner, as well as analyze its strengths and weaknesses in classroom learning.Methods – This research employs the literature review method, commonly known as a literature study. In this literature review, the researcher will analyze theories related to the existing materials. The data analysis technique used is thematic analysis, examining key ideas and organizing them into themes and the focus of the research.Findings – The results of this research found two important concepts in Vygotsky's theory, namely the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) and scaffolding. Then the discovery learning theory discovered by Bruner is understanding concepts, meanings, and relationships through an intuitive process to finally arrive at a conclusion called discovery learning. Bruner considers that discovery learning corresponds to the active search for knowledge by the learner and provides the best results. Trying to find solutions to problems produces knowledge that is truly meaningful as learning, especially for students. Research Implications – The results of this study show that implementing constructivism requires sufficient time and resources while evaluating student progress can be a difficult task. There have also been criticisms of the ZPD concept that it may have limitations in encompassing the individual diversity of students. In implementation, some teachers may experience difficulties in adopting constructivist principles without adequate training or support.
Analisis Urgensi Kompetensi Literasi Digital dalam Mendukung Kemampuan Penulisan Karya Ilmiah Mahasiswa
Authors: Salsabila Nilla Putri , Abidin Munirul
Published: January 2025

Purpose - Technology development is getting faster, especially in the scope of education. The existence of increasingly advanced technology is a challenge to digital literacy competence in students, especially in writing scientific papers. This study aims to reveal the importance of mastering digital literacy in supporting the process of writing scientific papers for students. Method - The researcher used a qualitative descriptive method. The primary data in this study are the results of observations and interviews on the scientific writing habits of postgraduate students at the State Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang in utilizing digital media. Findings - The result of this study is that the existence of digital literacy is very supportive of student scientific writing. The impact felt by students related to the competence of digital literacy in writing scientific papers is that 1) writing scientific papers becomes better and more effective because they can easily get references through digital journal portals; 2) learning anywhere becomes practical because there is no need to carry many books to move places; 3) improving the ability to find information; 4) improving analytical skills; and 5) improving critical thinking skills.Research Implications - The limitation of this research is that it has not fully revealed the supporting and inhibiting factors of digital literacy in the process of writing student scientific papers.