bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Freshwater invertebrate responses to fine sediment stress: A multi‐continent perspective
Authors: McKenzie Morwenna , Brooks Andrew , Callisto Marcos , Collins Adrian L. , Durkota Jessica M. , Death Russell G. , Jones J. Iwan , Linares Marden S. , Matthaei Christoph D. , Monk Wendy A. , Murphy John F. , Wagenhoff Annika , Wilkes Martin , Wood Paul J. , Mathers Kate L.
Published: December 2023

Excessive fine sediment (particles <2 mm) deposition in freshwater systems is a pervasive stressor worldwide. However, understanding of ecological response to excess fine sediment in river systems at the global scale is limited. Here, we aim to address whether there is a consistent response to increasing levels of deposited fine sediment by freshwater invertebrates across multiple geographic regions (Australia, Brazil, New Zealand and the UK). Results indicate ecological responses are not globally consistent and are instead dependent on both the region and the facet of invertebrate diversity considered, that is, taxonomic or functional trait structure. Invertebrate communities of Australia were most sensitive to deposited fine sediment, with the greatest rate of change in communities occurring when fine sediment cover was low (below 25% of the reach). Communities in the UK displayed a greater tolerance with most compositional change occurring between 30% and 60% cover. In both New Zealand and Brazil, which included the most heavily sedimented sampled streams, the communities were more tolerant or demonstrated ambiguous responses, likely due to historic environmental filtering of invertebrate communities. We conclude that ecological responses to fine sediment are not generalisable globally and are dependent on landscape filters with regional context and historic land management playing important roles.
Inundation impacts on diversified pasture biomass allocation and soil particulate organic matter stocks
Authors: Ribeiro Ricardo Henrique , Miquilini Marina , Lyon Steve W. , Dieckow Jeferson , Chiavegato Marilia Barbosa
Published: December 2023

Natural soil inundation caused by frequent and intense precipitation affects carbon allocation in grassland biomass, ultimately leading to changes in soil carbon storage. Increasing forage diversity could provide resiliency to inundation of grassland. The objective was to evaluate forage and root biomass and C and N stocks in the soil particulate organic matter (POM) from pastures under recurring short‐term inundation. Three forage species combinations were evaluated in an inundated (typically lasting for a few days after heavy rain events) and a non‐inundated pasture: (1) predominantly tall‐fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.); (2) mixture of cool‐season perennials composed of tall‐fescue, orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and white (Trifolium repens L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.); (3) and cool‐season mixture of perennials overseeded with oats (Avena strigosa Schreb.) and rye (Secale cereale L.). Roots and forage biomass were sampled during the growing seasons of 2021 and 2022. Soil POM was evaluated 2.5 years after establishment. Inundation reduced forage and root biomass mainly during periods of higher inundation frequency, leading to lower C‐POM stocks (p < .05). Inundation caused a shift in the forage botanical composition, that is, higher occurrence of weeds and less productive grass species with shallow roots. The perennial cool‐season mixture did not increase forage yield compared with tall fescue only but did increase root mass. This occurred mainly at deeper layers and, consequently, increased C‐POM stocks (p < .05). Overseeding of winter annuals reduced overall forage production, despite increasing spring biomass when inundated in the first year, but reduced C and N‐POM stocks (p < .05). Perennial cool‐season forage mixtures can increase the resilience of pastures to inundation events and contribute to increased carbon sequestration in grasslands where inundation is prevalent.
Physical function decline predictors in nursing home residents using new national quality indicators
Authors: Noguchi‐Watanabe Maiko , Ishikawa Takako , Ikuta Kasumi , Aishima Miya , Nonaka Sayuri , Takahashi Kunihiko , Anzai Tatsuhiko , Fukui Sakiko
Published: December 2023

Aim

To determine the predictors of physical function (PF) decline among nursing home residents using items from the Long‐term care Information system For Evidence (LIFE), a system launched in 2021 to ensure the quality of long‐term care.

Methods

The LIFE data of 1648 residents from 45 nursing homes in Japan were retrospectively collected in July 2021 (T0) and January 2022 (T1), including demographics, PF assessed by the Barthel index (BI), nutrition and oral health, and cognitive function. The Dementia Behavior Disturbance scale was used to assess the frequency of certain behaviors, such as “waking at midnight.” The predictors of PF decline, defined as a decrease ≥5 in the BI score at T1 compared with that at T0, were determined using mixed‐effects logistic regression analyses. PF at T0 was classified into high (>60 BI) and low (≤60 BI) groups.

Results

The participants' mean age was 87.2 ± 7.1 years, and 45.3% experienced PF decline. The significant predictors of PF decline were age ≥ 90 years, body mass index <18.5 kg/m2, dementia diagnosis, moderate and severe cognitive impairments, not vocalizing reciprocal exchanges at will, always “waking at midnight,” and high PF at T0.

Conclusions

The LIFE items predicted PF decline among nursing home residents, suggesting that LIFE data can be used to ensure the quality of long‐term care. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 123–132.
Large scale synthesis of mesoporous and nonporous silica submicron particles via polymer‐derived ceramic method
Authors: Paryab Amirhosein , Saghatchi Mahshid , Behsam Shadi , Abdollahi Sorosh , Malek Khachatourian Adrine
Published: December 2023

Mesoporous silica particles (MSPs) are highly important in applications like H2 storage, catalysis/biocatalysis, adsorption, separation, and particularly in biomedical applications. The typical methods for producing MSPs are fast self‐assembly, soft and hard templating, and the modified Stöber method. These approaches have drawbacks like high cost, being time‐consuming, and low scale. Herein, as a novel strategy, a polymer‐derived ceramic method for large‐scale production of mesoporous and dense silica submicron particles with high yield and low cost is presented. This method requires commercial silicone resin, polydimethylsiloxane, as the main precursor of silica. However, this technique did not show high control over the size and surface area compared with the typical methods of MSPs synthesis but is definitely a significant step toward the large‐scale synthesis of MSPs.
FLAER as a standalone reagent for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: Do we need to reconsider the guidelines for testing?
Authors: Sharma Praveen , Bose Parveen , Mallik Nabhajit , Gupta Dikshat Gopal , Rachagiri Suneel , Kumar Arun , Kaur Jasbir , Malhotra Pankaj , Varma Neelam , Sachdeva Man Updesh Singh
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Flow cytometry‐based paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) testing involves utilization of monoclonal antibodies against GPI‐linked proteins and FLAER. The ability of FLAER to bind to a wide variety of GPI‐linked structures and to be utilized across different leukocyte subsets is remarkable. We hypothesize that FLAER as a standalone reagent may be equally effective for detecting PNH clones. The present study intends to compare the results of a FLAER alone‐based strategy to the recommended FLAER+GPI‐linked protein‐based approach for applicability in clinical settings.

Methods

EDTA‐anticoagulated blood samples from patients for PNH workup were tested for PNH by multiparametric flow cytometry. A conventional panel comprising gating markers (CD45 for WBC, CD15 for granulocytes, and CD64 for monocytes) and a combination of FLAER and GPI‐linked markers, such as CD24 and CD14, henceforth referred to as the “routine panel,” was employed. Second, a “FLAER‐only panel” comprising the gating markers and FLAER alone (excluding the GPI‐linked markers CD24 and CD14) was set up. The samples were processed using the lyse‐wash‐stain‐wash technique, and events were acquired on BC Navios Ex flow cytometer (Beckman Coulter, Inc., USA) and analyzed on Kaluza Software 2.1. The presence of a PNH clone was reported at a value of ≥0.01%.

Results

A total of 209 patients were tested. Both panels found a PNH clone in 20.1% of patients (n = 42/209) with a 100% concordance rate. The PNH clone range for granulocytes was 0.01%–89.68%, and for monocyte was 0.04%–96.09% in the routine panel. The range in the FLAER‐only panel for granulocytes was 0.01%–89.61%, and for monocytes, it was 0.01%–96.05%. Pearson correlation statistics revealed a significant correlation between the size of the PNH clone of granulocytes and monocytes among the two panels tested (granulocytes r = 0.9999, p < 0.0001, 95% CI = 0.9999 to 1.000; monocytes r = 0.9974, p < 0.0001, 95% CI = 0.9966–0.9980).

Conclusion

Based on our results, FLAER as a standalone marker is specific and sensitive for identifying PNH clones in granulocytes and monocytes, even for high‐sensitivity PNH assay. The proposed “FLAER‐only panel” panel is efficient and cost‐effective for highly sensitive PNH testing in two different cell lineages, especially in resource‐limited clinical settings.
Prognostic significance of the frequencies of bone marrow lymphocyte subsets in adult acute myeloid leukemia at diagnosis
Authors: Sun Kai , Wang Jun , Wang Ya‐Zhe , Shi Zong‐Yan , Chang Yan , Yuan Xiao‐Ying , Liu Yan‐Rong , Jiang Hao , Jiang Qian , Huang Xiao‐Jun , Qin Ya‐Zhen
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Immune microenvironment plays an important role in the occurrence and development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Studies assessing the prognostic significance of bone marrow (BM) lymphocyte subsets' frequencies at diagnosis in patients with AML were limited.

Methods

Fresh BM samples collected from 97 adult AML patients at diagnosis were tested for lymphocyte, T, CD4+T, CD8+T, γδT, NK, and B cell frequencies using multi‐parameter flow cytometry.

Results

Low frequencies of lymphocytes, T, CD4+T, and CD8+T cells were associated with significantly lower rates of one‐course complete remission (CR) (all p < 0.05). Moreover, the frequency of CD4+T cells independently predicted one‐course CR achievement (p = 0.021). Low frequencies of T and CD8+T cells were significantly associated with lower relapse‐free survival (RFS) rates (p = 0.032; 0.034), respectively, and a low frequency of CD8+T cells was associated with a significantly lower overall survival (OS) rate (p = 0.028). Combination of frequency of CD8+T cells and ELN risk stratification showed that patients with ELN‐intermediate/adverse risk + high CD8+T cell frequency had a similar RFS rate to those with ELN‐favorable risk + high CD8+T cell frequency and those with ELN‐favorable risk + low CD8+T cell frequency (p = 0.88; 0.76), respectively. The RFS rate of patients with ELN intermediate/adverse risk + low CD8+T cell frequency was significantly lower than that of all aforementioned patients (p = 0.021; 0.0007; 0.028), respectively.

Conclusion

The frequencies of BM lymphocyte subsets at diagnosis predicted clinical outcomes and could help improve risk stratification in AML.
From Mendel to mycoses: Immuno‐genomic warfare at the human–fungus interface
Authors: Vinh Donald C.
Published: December 2023

Fungi are opportunists: They particularly require a defect of immunity to cause severe or disseminated disease. While often secondary to an apparent iatrogenic cause, fungal diseases do occur in the absence of one, albeit infrequently. These rare cases may be due to an underlying genetic immunodeficiency that can present variably in age of onset, severity, or other infections, and in the absence of a family history of disease. They may also be due to anti‐cytokine autoantibodies. This review provides a background on how human genetics or autoantibodies underlie cases of susceptibility to severe or disseminated fungal disease. Subsequently, the lessons learned from these inborn errors of immunity marked by fungal disease (IEI‐FD) provide a framework to begin to mechanistically decipher fungal syndromes, potentially paving the way for precision therapy of the mycoses.
Meta‐analysis of minimally invasive arthroscopy with sodium hyaluronate for wound healing of knee osteoarthritis treatment in the elderly
Authors: Zhang Fujie , Zhang Jinlei , Wang Tengyun
Published: December 2023

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is not merely a medical condition—it is a prevalent and incapacitating ailment that significantly affects the quality of life for millions worldwide, especially as they age. The incidence of KOA increases year by year with increasing age. This study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of combining arthroscopy with sodium hyaluronate (SH) in the treatment of wound healing of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) in elderly patients, with a focus on wound healing and overall joint function restoration. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the combination of arthroscopy and SH in geriatric KOA patients were identified through a systematic search of the scientific literature utilizing multiple databases and predefined search criteria. Ultimately, twelve investigations were included in the meta‐analysis. Using Stata 15.1 software, data extraction and analysis were conducted using both fixed‐ and random‐effects models, and a sensitivity analysis was conducted to assure the validity of the findings. Compared with arthroscopy alone, the combination of arthroscopy and SH significantly improved the efficiency rate, pain management (as measured by the Visual Analogue Scale), knee function (as measured by the Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale) and decreased levels of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐1 and IL‐6. The meta‐analysis revealed minimal heterogeneity between studies, and the sensitivity analysis validated the results' reliability. The incorporation of SH into arthroscopic procedures for elderly patients with KOA provides significant therapeutic benefits, including improved wound healing, reduced inflammation and enhanced joint function overall. These results support the use of this combined approach in the management of KOA in the elderly population and emphasize the need for additional research to optimize treatment protocols and comprehend long‐term outcomes.
Stigmatizing and inaccessible: The perspectives of female sex workers on barriers to reproductive healthcare utilization – A scoping review
Authors: Birger Lior , Peled Einat , Benyamini Yael
Published: December 2023

Aim

To systematically map the extent, range and nature of qualitative studies that explored female sex workers' own perspectives on barriers to accessing reproductive healthcare services.

Design

A scoping review of the literature utilizing Arksey and O'Malley's method.

Data Sources/Review Methods

A search of the electronic databases MEDLINE/ PubMed, PsycNET, Sociological Abstracts, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, HeinOnline, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar was conducted for items published in English between 2001 and 2021.

Results

Twenty‐one studies were included in the review, the majority of which were conducted in lower‐middle‐income countries. RHC themes studied were diverse, with a few more studies focusing on STI/HIV, contraceptive use and pregnancy than those focusing on childbirth and postnatal care. The findings indicate barriers in four main domains: socio‐legal barriers, health services‐related barriers, interpersonal barriers and personal history‐related barriers. Stigma was a major multifaceted barrier.

Conclusion

Female sex workers experience exclusion in utilizing reproductive healthcare services globally. As such, healthcare services are advised to adopt a nonjudgemental approach, to enhance physical accessibility and to train nurses and other healthcare professionals on reproductive health needs of female sex workers. Finally, knowledge production processes on the RHC of FSW should adopt a holistic view of FSW, by exploring their needs and barriers related to childbirth and maternity care and by including the perspectives of FSW in high‐income countries.

Impact

The review offered an in‐depth understanding of female sex workers' own perspectives regarding needs and barriers in utilizing reproductive healthcare services.

Findings indicated socio‐legal barriers, health services‐related barriers, interpersonal barriers and personal history‐related barriers.

The review could inform the training of nurses and other healthcare professionals in reproductive healthcare services globally.

Researchers should adopt a holistic view of female sex workers, by exploring their family planning needs, including barriers related to childbirth, maternity and postpartum care.

Reporting Method

We adhered to the EQUATOR guidelines PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR): Checklist and Explanation.
Information or pressure? The effect of director experience on CEO CSR compensation adoption and design
Authors: Li Zhengyu , Yang Lu
Published: December 2023

We investigate the impact of director experience in integrating social responsibility criteria into CEO compensation (corporate social responsibility [CSR] contracting) in other firms on the adoption and design of CSR contracting within focal firms and address the question of whether such experience brings information or pressure to focal firms. Using hand‐collected data of a sample from the Standard and Poor's (S&P) 500 index, we find that director experience is positively associated with the likelihood of CSR contracting adoption. This effect is particularly pronounced in challenging situations where firms require more information for the adoption, such as when they have diverse stakeholders with varying CSR interests and operate in unpredictable market environments. Additionally, director experience has a positive effect on the use of quantitative CSR targets in initial contract design, especially in these challenging scenarios. Interestingly, the positive effect of director experience on CSR contracting adoption does not vary with firms’ peer legitimacy pressure. Our findings suggest that director CSR contracting experience provides valuable information that fosters learning rather than imposing institutional pressure that leads to isomorphism when firms make CSR contracting decisions. By disentangling the intertwined role of director experience, our research offers insights into how it influences the adoption and design of innovative management control practices within firms.
The impact of goal assignment in a game‐based learning environment
Authors: Nietfeld John L. , Hoffmann Kristin F.
Published: December 2023

Background

Goal setting has been established in the literature as a critical component of self‐regulated learning and for effective problem‐solving. Yet, surprisingly little attention has been focused on goal‐directed behaviour in digital game‐based learning environments (GBLEs) despite their expanding use in educational contexts.

Objectives

The current study examined the impact of goal assignment in a GBLE aligned with curricular objectives and played in a classroom context.

Methods

Eighth‐grade students (N = 59) in the experiment were randomly assigned to either a mastery goal condition or a performance goal condition before playing Crystal Island—Outbreak. Goal orientation was measured before gameplay, monitoring judgements assessed during gameplay, and enjoyment was measured after game play.

Results and Conclusions

Two important results emerged that contribute to the existing literature on goals and GBLEs. First, assignment to the mastery goal condition resulted in significantly higher enjoyment ratings and monitoring judgements but not game performance while considering the influence of pre‐existing goal‐orientation. Second, self‐reported mastery goal orientation and videogame play frequency predicted enjoyment in the game.

Implications

The results suggest that enjoyment can be facilitated by orienting students to adopt mastery goals and that developers should consider integrating mastery‐based instructions in their GBLEs. Moreover, instructional goals can influence students regardless of incoming goal orientations.
Identification of a potential antigen stimulating immune response against Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection in hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis aureus♂ × Oreochromis niloticus♀)
Authors: Zeng Qingsong , Sun Yunxiao , Lai Peifang , Huang Mingqin , Peng Ximing , Huang Junjie , Chen Qintao , Chen Yanxu , Wang Huaqian
Published: December 2023

Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) is a major pathogen that causes substantial losses in the marine fishery. With the emergence of antibiotic resistance, vaccines have become the most effective approach against V. parahaemolyticus infection. Adhesion factors on the cell surface are pivotal in the colonization and pathogenesis of V. parahaemolyticus within the host, highlighting their potential as vaccine candidates. This study aims to assess the immunogenicity and potential of recombinant V. parahaemolyticus MAM7 (rMAM7) as a vaccine candidate. Initially, we cloned and purified the MAM7 protein of V. parahaemolyticus. Moreover, after 4 weeks of vaccination, the fish were challenged with V. parahaemolyticus. rMAM7 demonstrated a certain protective effect. Immunological analysis revealed that rMAM7 immunization‐induced antibody production and significantly increased acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity in hybrid tilapia. Furthermore, serum bactericidal tests demonstrated a lower bacterial survival rate in the rMAM7 group compared to PBS and rTrxa. qRT‐PCR results indicated that rMAM7 significantly upregulated CD4, CD8 and IgM gene expression, suggesting the induction of Th1 and Th2 responses in hybrid tilapia. Overall, these findings highlight the potential application of MAM7 from V. parahaemolyticus in the development of protein vaccines.
Adherence to endoscopic surveillance guidelines for patients with inflammatory bowel disease: An Australian cohort study
Authors: Picardo Sherman , Venugopal Kannan , Cheng Wendy , Ragunath Krish
Published: December 2023

Background and Aim

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease have an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer as compared with the general population. Endoscopic surveillance to detect early dysplastic changes is advised by several published clinical guidelines, which provide recommendations as to the timing and performance of surveillance procedures. There is a paucity of data as to adherence with these guidelines in clinical practice.

Methods

A longitudinal inception cohort study of all new patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease across a service network of Australian hospitals between January 2005 and June 2014, with continuous follow‐up in a gastroenterology clinic until December 31, 2022. Patients were included if they warranted surveillance according to the Australian guidelines. Adherence to guidelines and technical and quality measures were reported.

Results

A total of 136 patients were included, and a total of 263 surveillance procedures were performed. Ninety‐five patients (70%) had their first surveillance colonoscopy within the correct time interval. Fifty patients (37%) were completely adherent to guidelines with respect to timing of all surveillance procedure. The overall dysplasia detection rate for surveillance procedures was 10%. Chromoendoscopy was only performed in 16% of procedures.

Conclusions

Adherence to endoscopic surveillance guidelines with regard to timing of procedures and the utilization of chromoendoscopy is poor. Further clinician education, promotion of the surveillance guidelines and incorporation of chromoendoscopy training as part of the national colonoscopy training program may improve adherence to guidelines.
The Provision of Abortion Care via Telehealth in the United States: A Rapid Review
Authors: Brown Camille , Neerland Carrie E. , Weinfurter Elizabeth V. , Saftner Melissa A.
Published: December 2023

Introduction

The recent Supreme Court decision Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health that has overruled Roe v. Wade has resulted in severe limitations of abortion access throughout the United States. Telehealth has been put forth as one solution for improving access for reproductive health care, including abortion services. Telehealth has demonstrated safety and efficacy in several health care disciplines; however, its use for abortion care and services has not been explored and synthesized.

Methods

As part of a larger review on telehealth and general reproductive health, our team identified a moderate amount of literature on telehealth and abortion care. We conducted a rapid review searching for eligible studies in MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL. Information was extracted from each included study to explore 4 key areas of inquiry: (1) clinical effectiveness, (2) patient and provider experiences, (3) barriers and facilitators, and (4) the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic.

Results

Twenty‐five studies on the use of telehealth for providing abortion services published between 2011 and 2022 were included. Telehealth for medical abortion increased during the COVID‐19 pandemic and was found to be safe and clinically effective, with high patient satisfaction. Overall, telehealth improved access and removed barriers for patients including lack of transportation. Legal restrictions in certain states were cited as the primary barriers. Studies contained limited information on the perspectives and experiences of health care providers and diverse patient populations.

Discussion

Abortion care via telehealth is safe and effective with high satisfaction and may also remove barriers to care including transportation and fear. Removing restrictions on telehealth for the provision of abortion services may further improve access to care and promote greater health equity.
Genetic diversity and pathogenicity of fungi associated with rice sheath rot in the Fogera plain, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Gizaw Tilahun , Zegeye Workie Anley , Hika Nigatu , Degwale Alemu , Setargie Adigo , Tsegaw Mesfin
Published: December 2023

Sheath rot is a widespread rice disease that affects rice crops worldwide. It is particularly prevalent in Ethiopia, with the Fogera plains exhibiting the highest incidence and severity. However, the lack of reliable molecular‐level identification of rice fungal pathogens in Ethiopia has hindered the development of effective management practices. This study aimed to assess the diversity of fungal agents causing sheath rot disease in rice crops around the Fogera plains, Ethiopia, using both morphology and nucleotide sequences of the ITS1 rDNA region. Additionally, the pathogenicity of the isolates was evaluated using attached tiller assay methods. A total of 16 fungal isolates were recovered from diseased plant samples. Among these, five species; Phoma spp., Phoma herbarium, Epicoccum sorghinum, Epicoccum lantuscollum and Microdochium seminicola were identified and reported as new records of sheath rot disease in rice. The predominant genus was Phoma (75%) followed by Epicoccum (18.75%). The pathogenicity caused by E. sorghinum was particularly severe and significantly different from the symptoms caused by other isolates, resulting in a mean lesion length of 167.7 mm and a disease severity of 55.7%. These findings suggest that E. sorghinum is the most important rice pathogen in the region. Our results have identified the most predominant and pathogenic fungal species associated with sheath rot disease in the region. Importantly, this study marks the first report of sheath rot‐causing fungi identified in rice using the ITS rDNA‐sequencing technique in Ethiopia. Therefore, this research may contribute to the development of fungal disease management strategies in rice and provide evidence to initiate a rice breeding program focused on developing sheath‐rot‐resistant rice varieties.
Relationship between equine herpesvirus‐1 viremia and abortion or equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy in domesticated horses: A systematic review
Authors: Soboll‐Hussey Gisela , Dorman David C. , Burgess Brandy A. , Goehring Lutz , Gross Peggy , Neinast Claire , Osterrieder Klaus , Pusterla Nicola , Lunn David P.
Published: December 2023

Background

Equine herpes virus type 1 (EHV‐1) infection in horses is associated with upper respiratory disease, neurological disease, abortions, and neonatal death.

Objective

To determine if there is an association between the level and duration of EHV‐1 viremia and either abortion or equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (EHM) in domesticated horses?

Methods

A systematic review was performed searching numerous databases to identify peer reviewed reports that evaluated viremia and EHM, or viremia and abortion published before January 19, 2021. Randomized controlled trials and observational studies were assessed for risk of bias or publication quality.

Results

A total of 189 unique studies were identified, of which 34 met the inclusion criteria. Thirty studies evaluated viremia and neurologic outcomes including 4 observational studies. Eight experimental studies examined viremia and abortion, which used the Ab4 and OH03 virus strains or recombinant Ab4 derivatives. Incidence rates for both EHM and abortion in experimental studies varied among the studies as did the level of evidence. Viremia was generally detectable before the onset of either EHM or abortion. Risk of bias was generally low to moderate, sample sizes were small, and multiple studies reported negative outcome data.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

The results of this study support that viremia is regularly present before EHM or abortion occurs. However, no inferences could be made about the relationship between the occurrence of either neurological signs or abortion and the magnitude or duration of viremia.
A snapshot of the tree of chloroplast evolution
Authors: Dowson Amanda J.
Published: December 2023

This article is a Commentary on Chang et al. (2024), 241: 1115–1129.
Lichen planus after COVID‐19 infection and vaccination
Authors: Saleh Wafaa , Alharbi Hamad , Yue Sijia , Fernandes Rui P.
Published: December 2023

Background

Lichen planus is one of the common adverse reactions after COVID‐19 infection and vaccination. Despite it being reported in several case reports, the literature including a large sample of the studied population is lacking. The current study was performed to assess the risk of LP after COVID‐19 infection as well as COVID‐19 vaccination.

Methods

The current study was designed as a retrospective cross‐sectional hospital‐based study of registered patients at the University of Florida (UF) health centers. The diagnoses of LP, COVID‐19 infection, and COVID‐19 vaccines were detected. The logistic regression model was used to assess the risk of developing LP after COVID‐19 infection and vaccination.

Results

A total hospital patient of 684,110 attended UF Health centers were included in this study. 181 patients reported LP after COVID‐19 vaccination and 24 patients developed LP after COVID‐19 infection. The risk of developing LP after COVID‐19 vaccination was 1.573 while the risk of developing LP after COVID‐19 infection was 1.143.

Conclusion

The odds of getting LP after COVID‐19 vaccination are significantly developed. The current study showed that COVID‐19 infection and vaccination are associated with LP. So, healthcare practitioners should be aware of this reaction for rapid recognition and treatment.
Associations between neonatal nutrition and visual outcomes in 7‐year‐old children born very preterm
Authors: Kulmaganbetov Mukhit , Leung Myra , Alsweiler Jane M. , Black Joanna , Bloomfield Frank H. , Gamble Greg D. , Harding Jane E. , Jiang Yannan , Poppe Tanya , Tottman Anna C. , Wouldes Trecia A. , Thompson Benjamin ,   PIANO Study Group
Published: December 2023

Purpose

There is uncertainty about the effect of increased neonatal protein intake on neurodevelopmental outcomes following preterm birth. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a change in neonatal nutrition protocol at a major tertiary neonatal intensive care unit intended to increase protein intake on ophthalmic and visual development in school‐age children born very preterm.

Methods

The study cohort comprised children (n = 128) with birthweight <1500 g or gestational age < 30 weeks born at Auckland City Hospital before (OldPro group, n = 55) and after (NewPro group, n = 73) a reformulation of parenteral nutrition that resulted in increased total protein intake during the first postnatal week and decreased carbohydrate, total parenteral fluid and sodium intake. Clinical and psychophysical vision assessments were completed at 7 years' corrected age, including visual acuity, global motion perception (a measure of dorsal stream function), stereoacuity, ocular motility and ocular health. Composite measures of favourable overall visual, binocular and functional visual outcomes along with individual vision measures were compared between the groups using logistic and linear regression models.

Results

Favourable overall visual outcome did not differ between the two groups. However, global motion perception was better in the NewPro group (p = 0.04), whereas the OldPro group were more likely to have favourable binocular visual outcomes (60% vs. 36%, p = 0.02) and passing stereoacuity (p = 0.02).

Conclusions

These results indicate subtle but complex associations between early neonatal nutrition after very preterm birth and visual development at school age.
Patient and physician radiation exposure during minimally invasive lumbar decompression: A prospective assessment of X‐ray exposure risks
Authors: Mekhail Nagy , Topalsky Krista , Templeton Erin , Armanyous Sherif , Prayson Nicholas , Olde Carl , Costandi Shrif
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Minimally invasive lumbar decompression (mild®) is becoming a popular procedure for treating lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) secondary to hypertrophic ligamentum flavum (LF). The mild® procedure is commonly performed under live fluoroscopic guidance and carries a risk of radiation exposure to the patient and healthcare.

Methods

One physician performed mild® on 41 patients at the Cleveland Clinic Department of Pain Management from October 2019 to December 2021, while wearing a radiation exposure monitor (Mirion Technologies). Mean fluoroscopy time, mean exposure per case, and mean exposure per unilateral level decompressed were the primary outcomes measured. The secondary outcome was to provide a comparison of radiation exposure during similar fluoroscopically guided procedures.

Results

Mean patient fluoroscopy exposure time was 2.1 min ±0.9 (range: 1.1–5.6) fluoroscopy time per unilateral level decompressed. The mean patient radiation skin exposure from mild® was 1.1 ± 0.9 mGym2, and the mean total dose was 142.3 ± 108.6 mGy per procedure. On average, the physician was exposed to an average deep tissue exposure of 4.1 ± 3.2 mRem, 2.9 ± 2.2 mRem estimated eye exposure, and 14.7 ± 11.0 mRem shallow tissue exposure per unilateral level decompressed. An individual physician would exceed the annual exposure limit of 5 Rem after approximately 610 mild® procedures per year.

Conclusions

This study is an attempt to quantify the radiation exposure to the physician and patient during the mild® procedure. Compared with other fluoroscopically guided pain management procedures, patient and physician radiation exposure during mild® was low.
Determinants of Turkish nursing students' attitudes towards sustainable development and knowledge of climate change: A descriptive and correlational study
Authors: Tahkol Didem , Öztürk Haney Meryem
Published: December 2023

Background

Nurses are in a unique position to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals, and to prevent and intervene in climate change. Determining nursing students’ levels of attitudes and knowledge on this subject is important in determining the content of nursing education programs.

Objectives

To determine the nursing students' attitudes towards sustainable development and their knowledge of climate change, and to identify determinants associated with these parameters.

Design

A descriptive and correlational design was used.

Settings

National Student Nurses’ Association in Turkey.

Participants

The sample of study consisted of 481 nursing students who were members of the National Student Nurses’ Association.

Methods

Data were collected online with the descriptive characteristics’ questionnaire, the Attitudes Towards Sustainable Development Scale, and the Climate Change Knowledge Test. We used Mann‐Whitney U test, Kruskal‐Wallis test, and Spearman correlation analysis to analyze the data obtained from the scales.

Results

The participants’ mean sustainable development attitude score was 82.61 ± 12.69 and mean climate change knowledge score was 6.47 ± 1.44. There was a relationship between the sustainable development attitude and the variables such as gender, grade, warning people around them to be sensitive about environmental pollution, following the news about environmental problems, taking precautions about sustainable development and climate change in daily life, and receiving education about sustainable development and climate change in the nursing education. There was a relationship between climate change knowledge and the variables such as gender, grade, membership in an environmental organization, method of keeping up with environmental issues, and receiving education on sustainable development and climate change in nursing education.

Conclusion

Although the students displayed favorable attitudes towards sustainable development at a good level, their knowledge of climate change was not adequate. Thus, we recommend that sustainable development and climate change issues should be integrated into nursing education curricula to improve students' attitudes towards and knowledge and awareness of sustainable development and climate change.
Clinical and pathological findings in five dogs with nodular histiocytic iritis in the United Kingdom: A case series
Authors: Collier Emily , Scurrell Emma , Burgess John , Kritsiligkou Evdokia , Sands Kate , Featherstone Heidi
Published: December 2023

Purpose

The aim of this study was to describe the clinical presentation, histopathology, management, and outcome of nodular histiocytic iritis, an intraocular variant of nodular granulomatous episcleritis (NGE).

Methods

A retrospective review of the medical records of five dogs with intraocular NGE‐type inflammation as diagnosed by histopathology.

Results

Four Border Collies and one crossbreed dog, aged 1.5–3.4 years (mean age 2.38 years). The clinical presentation was an extensive, raised, pale iris lesion of variable location. All cases were unilateral. The physical examination was normal. Complete blood count/serum biochemistry (n = 1) and thoracic radiography (n = 1) were normal. Ocular ultrasound (n = 2) was normal apart from increased iris thickness. Enucleation (n = 4) or excisional biopsy (iridectomy, n = 1) was performed because of suspected neoplasia. Following enucleation, the remaining, contralateral eye did not develop additional lesions (9 days–3.7 years follow‐up). There was no recurrence following sector iridectomy with 5 months topical 1% prednisolone acetate (3.9 years follow‐up). The histopathologic findings in all five cases indicated a focal histiocytic and lymphoplasmacytic anterior uveitis (iritis), similar to that seen in cases of NGE.

Conclusion

Nodular histiocytic iritis presents as unilateral iris thickening in isolation and young Collies appear to be predisposed. The histopathological findings are similar to NGE. Although the clinical presentation resembles intraocular neoplasia, an inflammatory process should be considered, which may be amenable to medical management. Definitive diagnosis may be obtained by iris sampling.
Variability structure and heritability of germination timing in Capsella bursa‐pastoris (L.) Medik. (Shepherd's purse)
Authors: Dobbs April M. , Sousa‐Ortega Carlos , Holland James B. , Snyder Lori Unruh , Leon Ramon G.
Published: December 2023

Germination variability enables weedy species to colonise disturbed habitats and is expected to evolve in response to changing selection pressures. The paucity of information about germination variability in weeds prompted a detailed study of this topic with two agricultural and two non‐agricultural populations of Capsella bursa‐pastoris (Shepherd's purse). Variance in germination time was partitioned amongst and within populations, and amongst racemes and silicles within individual plant, and broad‐sense heritability (H2) was estimated. Agricultural populations exhibited a shorter and more uniform germination timing than non‐agricultural populations. However, differences amongst populations explained 7%–12% of the total variance, while differences amongst individuals and racemes accounted for approximately 40–54% and 10% of the total variance for germination time. For germination time, H2 = 0.4 when averaged across all time points, peaking at H2 = 0.7 at a time coinciding with the exponential phase of the germination curve. Maintaining predominantly intrapopulation variability in germination timing appears to be important for long‐term fitness in this species.
On the homotopy type of multipath complexes
Authors: Caputi Luigi , Collari Carlo , Di Trani Sabino , Smith Jason P.
Published: December 2023

A multipath in a directed graph is a disjoint union of paths. The multipath complex of a directed graph is the simplicial complex whose faces are the multipaths of . We compute Euler characteristics, and associated generating functions, of the multipath complexes of directed graphs from certain families, including transitive tournaments and complete bipartite graphs. We show that if is a linear graph, polygon, small grid or transitive tournament, then the homotopy type of the multipath complex of is always contractible or a wedge of spheres. We introduce a new technique for decomposing directed graphs into dynamical regions, which allows us to simplify the homotopy computations.
Primary Sjogren’s syndrome presenting as an isolated severe autonomic dysfunction treated with steroids
Authors: Kataria Riya , Suja Lakshmanan , Anil Archa Anna , Senthil Narayanasamy
Published: December 2023

Primary Sjogren’s syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune connective tissue disorder with multisystem manifestations. We here report a previously healthy woman who presented with autonomic dysfunction in the form of severe dizziness without any apparent sensory neuropathy. Detailed history and examination revealed the signs and symptoms of Sjogren’s syndrome such as constipation and dry eyes and mouth, following which anti-SSA and SSB antibodies were found to be positive. Finally, a diagnosis of pSS was established after ruling out all the other causes of autonomic dysfunction in addition to the clinical and laboratory evidence. The patient was treated with the maximum doses of midodrine and fludrocortisone, yet no progress was noticed. Hence, a trial of steroids was started and she showed a significant clinical improvement. Our patient presented with pure autonomic failure associated with Sjogren’s syndrome, making it an extremely rare entity.
Dedifferentiated liposarcoma with heterologous rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation in the bone marrow
Authors: Scott Spencer , Hakima Laleh , Raff Evan
Published: December 2023

We present a case of advanced well-differentiated liposarcoma transforming to dedifferentiated liposarcoma in the bone marrow.

Our patient presented with 5 weeks of worsening flank pain. He was found to have profound leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, and normocytic anemia. Imaging showed a dominant retrocaval mass concerning for viable disease. Bone marrow biopsy revealed dedifferentiated liposarcoma with heterologous rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation. He underwent 3 cycles of eribulin and subsequently developed complications of his increasingly aggressive liposarcoma. He was transitioned to hospice care and died 3 months after initial bone marrow biopsy. While exceedingly rare, it is possible for liposarcoma to metastasize to the bone marrow and cause rapid progression to death. In patients with high-grade liposarcoma, new cytopenia, leukocytosis, elevated granulocyte colony stimulating factor, and/or leukoerythroblasosis on peripheral smear should prompt bone marrow biopsy for early detection of this rare disease entity.
Comparing the roles of community health workers for malaria control and elimination in Cambodia and Tanzania
Authors: Adhikari Bipin , Bayo Makhily , Peto Thomas J , Callery James J , Tripura Rupam , Dysoley Lek , Mshamu Salum , Gesase Samwel , von Seidlein Lorenz , Dondorp Arjen M
Published: December 2023

The reduction of deaths from malaria in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is stalling, whereas many countries in Southeast Asia are approaching malaria elimination. We reviewed the role of community health worker (CHW) programmes in malaria control and elimination between regions, with a more detailed description of the programmes in Tanzania and Cambodia. Compared with Tanzania, Cambodia has a much more developed CHW network, which has been pivotal in the near elimination of malaria. In Tanzania, the malaria burden has remained similar over the last decade and treatment continues to rely on healthcare facilities, which provide more limited access to early diagnosis and treatment. Overall, the proportion of malaria cases treated by CHWs is substantially lower in SSA than in Southeast Asia. Even though networks of CHWs are resource intensive and malaria epidemiology differs substantially between countries, there is a strong case for expanding CHW networks in rural SSA to improve early access to effective malaria treatment and reduce the malaria burden.
Weight management communications in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: challenges and recommendations from the patients’ perspective
Authors: Abbott Sally , Denton Amanda , Wong Sui H , Mollan Susan P , Bul Kim CM
Published: December 2023

Background

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a neurometabolic condition severely impacting the quality of life of people living with IIH (PwIIH). Most PwIIH are overweight or live with obesity, and weight loss is recommended by healthcare professionals (HCPs) as it is central to disease management. There is currently no research evaluating patient–clinician interactions when discussing weight management in IIH. The aim of this study was to evaluate the patient experience of communication with HCPs regarding weight management from the perspective of PwIIH.

Methods

A cross-sectional online survey was developed and distributed by the IIH UK charity via their mailing list and social media network. Eligible participants were adults with IIH who have been recommended to lose weight by their HCP. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise quantitative responses and content analysis was used to inductively draw out themes from open-ended free-text responses.

Results

There were 625 respondents. One-fifth of PwIIH (n=127/603, 21%) felt that HCPs were supportive and empathetic about weight management. Five themes were identified on how experiences regarding weight management for IIH can be improved, with PwIIH recommending for HCPs to: (1) detail the relationship between IIH and weight, (2) individualise care, (3) give advice, (4) provide support and (5) adapt communication.

Conclusion

The majority of PwIIH recalled a poor experience and negative emotions when engaged in discussions regarding weight management with their HCPs. Further research should explore the HCPs perspective and evaluate interventions aiming to improve the quality of patient–HCPs communication in IIH.