bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Technique for Monitoring Carbonate and Scale Precipitation Using Batch Process Based Hetero-Core Fiber Optic Sensor
Authors: Satake Sakurako , Hosoki Ai , Kuramitz Hideki , Ueda Akira
Published: October 2024

Techniques for monitoring calcium carbonate and silica deposits (scale) in geothermal power plants and hot spring facilities using fiber optic sensors have already been reported. These sensors continuously measure changes in light transmittance with a detector, and when applied to field tests, require the installation of a power supply and sensor monitoring equipment. However, in some sites, a power supply may not be available, or a specialist skilled in handling scale sensors is required. To overcome this problem, we have developed a method for evaluating scale formation based on a batch process that can be used by anyone. In other words, this method involves depositing scale on a section of the optical fiber sensor, then fusing this section to the optical fiber and measuring it. Using this sensor, a technician in the field can simply place the sensor at the desired location, collect the samples at any given time, and send them to the laboratory to measure the transmittance. This simple and easy method were achieved by using a hetero-core type of fiber optic. This evaluation method can measure with the same sensitivity as conventional real-time methods, while the transmittance response corresponds to the saturation index (SI) changes of scale components in the solution due to increases in temperature and concentration. In the field of carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS), this evaluation method can be used to quantitatively measure the formation of carbonate minerals, and it can also be used as an indicator for determining the conditions for CO2 mineral fixation, as well as in experiments using batch-type autoclaves in the laboratory testing. It is also expected to be used in geothermal power plants as an evaluation method for scale formation such as amorphous silica and to prevent agents that hinder stable operation.
Los asesores jurídicos en audiencias desde la perspectiva de racionalidad limitada. El caso de Morelos, México
Authors: Fernández Ruiz Azucena
Published: October 2024

Inicio / Archivos / Núm. 15 (2024): año 8, número 15, (julio-diciembre 2024) Publicación continua / Artículos de investigación Los asesores jurídicos en audiencias desde la perspectiva de racionalidad limitada. El caso de Morelos, México Autores/as Azucena Fernández Ruiz UNAM https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9644-8130 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20983/reij.2024.2.5 Palabras clave: asesoría jurídica, racionalidad limitada, asimetría institucional, procedimiento penal Resumen Los trabajos sobre el papel del asesor jurídico en el procedimiento penal concluyen que, en la mayoría de los casos, desempeñan una representación pasiva en audiencias. Asimismo, señalan que el sistema de justicia mantiene una asimetría institucional en detrimento de las comisiones de víctimas. Sin embargo, todos estos trabajos parten de una perspectiva normativa, interesada más en describir cómo deberían actuar los asesores jurídicos que en conocer cómo actúan realmente. Este artículo presenta el estudio de caso cualitativo de la asesoría jurídica del estado de Morelos. Se utiliza el marco de la racionalidad limitada para plantear que la actuación de los asesores jurídicos no es totalmente óptima ni basada por completo en la doctrina legal, sino que se ve influenciada por factores internos y externos. Se analiza específicamente la asimetría institucional como un factor externo que afecta su intervención en audiencias. Se emplean los instrumentos de observación no participante de audiencias y entrevistas semiestructuradas. Se concluye que las asesoras jurídicas han tenido que desarrollar prácticas de intervención en audiencias para enfrentar algunas consecuencias de la asimetría institucional, las cuales, sin embargo, podrían poner en riesgo la protección mínima adecuada de los derechos de las víctimas.
Frequency experimental identification approach for single-phase induction motor common-mode parameters
Authors: Hakmi Y. , Miloudi H. , Miloudi M. , Gourbi A. , Bermaki M. H.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. The presence of broad-spectrum and high-amplitude electromagnetic interference (EMI) within a single-phase induction motor (SPIM) drive poses a significant threat to both the system and other electronic equipment. High-frequency (HF) models of electrical motors play a critical role in overcoming these challenges, as they are essential for characterizing electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) in drives and designing effective EMI filters. The novelty of this study proposes an enhanced HF motor model based on transfer functions (TFs) to accurately represent the motor’s behavior at HFs for frequency-domain analyses in the range of 100 Hz to 30 MHz. Purpose. The equivalent HF model for a SPIM is discussed in this paper. The suggested equivalent circuit describes a motor’s common-mode (CM) properties. Methodology. HF model was developed by a frequency-domain analysis utilizing an experimental setup and MATLAB software. The motor impedance analysis is based on the measurement of variations in motor characteristics as a function of frequency in the CM setup. Originality. TF has been tuned using an asymptotic identification method of Bode to match the behavior of the real impedances of the motor parameters as a function of the frequency in the CM configuration. This tuned TFs are then synthesized into a comprehensive wideband EMC equivalent circuit model using the Foster network technique, which can be then simulated in any Spice-based simulator tools. Results. The proposed mathematical model was employed to conduct simulations, and the resulting predictions were validated against experimental data. CM response of the EMC equivalent circuit at low, medium, and HFs were compared between simulations and experimental measurements using Lt-Spice simulator software. Practical value. It is observed that results show satisfactory agreement with the measurements over a large frequency bandwidth [100 Hz–30 MHz], and the equivalent model of SPIM can be cascaded with other electronic and electrical modules to form a complete single-phase electric drive system model for fast analysis and prediction of system level EMI and electromagnetic sensitivity. References 37, table 5, figures 13.
An application of multi-magnetic circular planar spiral relay to improve the performance of wireless power transfer system
Authors: Irwanto M. , Kita L. K. W.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. The system of delivering electricity without wires is known as wireless power transfer (WPT). The WPT system has been extensively used in a number of industries, health, telecommunications, and transportation. However, the distance between the transmitter and receiver coils has a significant impact on its efficiency. Lower power can be generated between coils the farther apart they are, and vice versa. The novelty of the proposed work is innovative in that it develops a multi-magnetic circular planar spiral relay to improve the WPT system’s performance and designs circular planar spiral coils to achieve an appropriate inductance value for the 5 kHz matching frequency. The goal of paper is to create a circular planar spiral coil with an appropriate inductance value for the 5 kHz matching frequency. Methods. The transmitter circuit, receiver circuit, and DC voltage source are parts of the WPT system. The inverter circuit uses the inductive coupling technique to transform the DC power source into AC voltage on the transmitter coil. The suggested coil is additionally employed as a multi-magnetic circular planar spiral relay in order to increase the mutual inductance between the receiver and transmitter coils. Results. To monitor the power improvement that results from adding a multi-magnetic relay to the system, the transmitter coil, receiver coil, and multi-magnetic relay are positioned at specific distances from each other. With Vdc = 30 V and dtr = 21 cm, the power received at the receiver coil can therefore be improved by up to 67 %. Practical value. The multi-magnetic circular planar spiral relay applied in the WPT system has been investigated in an experimental study and it can be applied for DC load. References 26, table 1, figure 18.
Power quality enhancement of grid-integrated solar photovoltaic system with unified power quality conditioner
Authors: Manohara M. , Muthukaruppasamy S. , Dharmaprakash R. , Sendilkumar S. , Dattatreya Bharadwaj D. , Parimalasundar E.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. To enhance the quality of power and ensure a consistent electricity supply, this study proposes the utilization of a unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) system integrated with solar photovoltaic (PV) technology. The innovation involves single DC-link connecting back-to-back voltage-compensating components arranged in series and shunt, forming the PV-UPQC. The shunt compensator utilizes energy from a PV array to address harmonics in the load current. The objective is to mitigate voltage dips and spikes by injecting voltage that is either in phase with or out of phase with the common coupling point through a series compensator. The method combines the benefits of generating renewable energy to enhance electrical quality. The goal of the paper is the power quality enhancement of grid-integrated solar PV system. The novelty of the proposed work consists of enhancement of grid-integrated solar PV system with UPQC. The purpose of integrating a UPQC into a grid-connected solar PV system is to enhance power quality by mitigating issues such as voltage fluctuations, harmonics and reactive power imbalance. Methods. The proposed topology is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink with grid-integrated solar PV system with UPQC. Results. Integrating UPQC with a grid-connected solar PV system yields substantial improvements in power quality. This includes effectively mitigating voltage fluctuations and harmonics, resulting in smoother operation and reduced disturbances on the grid. Practical value. The proposed topology has proven to be extremely useful for grid-integrated solar PV system with UPQC applications. References 15, table 2, figures 9.
Analytical relations for fields and currents in magnetic-pulsed «expansion» of tubular conductors of small diameter
Authors: Batygin Yu. V. , Gavrilova T. V. , Shinderuk S. O. , Chaplygin E. O.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. This work was initiated by the problems of cardiovascular diseases, which are one of the main causes of mortality of the population of our planet. More than ten years ago, in 2012, approximately 3.7 million people died of acute coronary syndrome worldwide. The fight against such pathologies is carried out with the help of so-called stents, the manufacture of which can be carried out by the method of magnetic pulse «expansion» from hollow metal cylinders. The limited production possibilities of magnetic pulse «expansion» were caused by the minimum cross-sectional size of the inductor-instrument, which can be practically manufactured. Other tools are required to perform this operation. Novelty. A system of magnetic-pulse expansion of thin-walled pipes of small diameter with an inductor that excites an azimuthal electromagnetic field in the case of direct current passing through the processing object and in the absence of its connection in an electric circuit with an inductor is proposed. Purpose. The main analytical dependencies for the characteristics of the electromagnetic processes taking place in the inductor systems for the expansion of cylindrical conductive pipes of small diameter when direct passage of current through the processed object and when it is not connected to an electric circuit with an inductor (insulated billet) is derived. Methods. The solution of the boundary value problem with given boundary conditions was carried out by applying Laplace transforms and integrating Maxwell’s equations. Results. Analytical expressions were obtained for the main characteristics of the processes: the intensities of the excited electromagnetic fields and currents in the system depending on the parameters of the studied systems. The analysis of possible technical schemes for solving the given problem indicated the choice of the optimal variant of an effective system of magnetic-pulse «stretching» of thin-walled cylindrical conductors of small diameter. Practical value. Based on the qualitative analysis of the obtained results, recommendations for the practical implementation of the proposed system were formulated. The obtained dependences allow us to give numerical estimates of the effectiveness of excitation of magnetic pressure forces on the object of processing and to choose directions for further improvement of the magnetic pulse technology for solving such problems. References 23, figures 2.
Approaches to improving the regulatory framework for the use of multifocal intraocular lenses in cataract surgical treatment
Authors:   Orenburg branch of S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Chuprov A. D. , Lositskiy A. О. ,   Orenburg branch of S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution
Published: October 2024

Ultrasound phacoemulsification with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation is the “gold standard” for cataract treatment. Considering the existing requirements for the quality of vision after surgery, there is an increasing demand from patients for IOL implantation, which provides comfortable vision not only at a long distance, but also at a short one without the use of reading glasses (IOL with multifocal properties). The analysis of the existing regulatory framework regarding the possibility and obligation of using this medical product in the provision of specialized medical care – surgical treatment of cataract within the framework of the state guarantee program shows the possibility of using this consumable material without the obligation of the medical organization to consider the wishes of the patient. The change in the structure of the payment tariff for medical care for patients with cataract in 2023, the reduction in the tariff for providing specialized medical care to patients with uncomplicated forms affected the availability of multifocal IOL for patients without specifying the way to obtain this type of service, which makes it relevant to analyze approaches to improving the regulatory framework regarding the use of multifocal intraocular lenses in cataract surgical treatment. There are unsettled clinical, organizational, and economic issues regarding the use of multifocal intraocular lenses (artificial lenses) in the surgical treatment of cataract. There are various approaches (clinical-organizational, economic, legal, information) to improving the regulatory framework, but the approach of decision makers should be complex based on a comprehensive assessment of the economic, clinical, and technological components. Approaches are only a means to achieve a goal: the development of a multifunctional system of state guarantees in the provision of medical services, rational use of available resources.
Questionnaire survey as one of the methods for assessing the quality of educational activities in the medical institutions
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Institution «Central TB Research Institute» (CTRI), Yakimova M. A. , Kаsimtseva S. A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution «Central TB Research Institute» (CTRI), Kurmaeva T. V. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution «Central TB Research Institute» (CTRI)
Published: October 2024

The article deals with the issues of training highly qualified specialists (residents) at the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Central TB Research Institute” (FSBI CTRI). Major changes in the society and development of information technologies require improvement of methods used for education and training of highly qualified specialists and set up new requirements for managing the training process, namely: the use of digital technologies, including distance learning, development of new interactive teaching methods and practicing individualized approach to training. FSBI CTRI trains specialists in the field of phthisiology, pulmonology and surgery using its clinical and laboratory facilities. Through its self-assessment procedure that is part of the accreditation monitoring of educational activities, FSBI CTRI engages the main players of the educational process into the survey aimed at improving training of highly qualified specialists. The authors of the article analyze the results of the questionnaire survey from the CTRI teachers. The data obtained during the survey helped assess the degree of satisfaction with the CTRI system of education among the survey participants, identify the main challenges of educational activities and find solutions.
Transformation of health and social security systems in the context of population aging: the School of Health project in the Moscow Longevity Ecosystem
Authors:   Directorate for the coordination of the activities of medical organizations of the Moscow Department of Health, Bezymyannyy A. S. , Sadykova R. N. ,   Directorate for the coordination of the activities of medical organizations of the Moscow Department of Health, Mingazova E. N. ,   N. A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health,   Tatarstan Academy of Sciences,   Kazan State Medical University
Published: October 2024

All countries face the difficult task of preparing their health and social care systems to work as effectively as possible in the context of the demographic shift associated with population ageing. This paper presents a thematic review of scientific literature sources and an analysis of data provided by the State Budgetary Institution «Directorate for Coordination of Activities of Medical Organizations of the City of Moscow» of the Moscow Department of Health. Long-term comprehensive care for the ageing population of Moscow involves bringing the health care system in line with the needs of older people and creating a social environment and communities favorable for older people. The implementation of the initiative aimed at creating an environment favorable for older people within the framework of the «School of Health» project is a socially significant strategy in line with the state policy of promoting longer and healthier lives of people, maintaining a high quality of life and well-being in old age.
Using lean technologies to create patientcentered approach towards medical care for patients of Outpatient cancer center
Authors:   Moscow State Budgetary Institution of Healthcare «Moscow Multidisciplinary Clinical Center «Kommunarka» of Moscow Healthcare Department», Petrova V.Yu. , Kogotyzhev R. K. ,   Moscow State Budgetary Institution of Healthcare «Moscow Multidisciplinary Clinical Center «Kommunarka» of Moscow Healthcare Department», Barsegova K. A. ,   Moscow State Budgetary Institution of Healthcare «Moscow Multidisciplinary Clinical Center «Kommunarka» of Moscow Healthcare Department», Kostenko I. N. ,   Moscow State Budgetary Institution of Healthcare «Moscow Multidisciplinary Clinical Center «Kommunarka» of Moscow Healthcare Department», Zhirnova G. M. ,   Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management
Published: October 2024

It is crucial to implement and use patient-centered approach towards communication between doctors and patients and towards management of treatment and diagnostics. The instruments of lean production can be used in order to find problems of organizational processes and to solve and improve them. Purpose of the study is to evaluate the possibility of using lean production to improve patient-centered approach towards the work of Outpatient Cancer Center. Materials and methods. The scientific articles from databases pubmed, cyberleninka, elibrary were studied. The performance results of Outpatient Cancer Center were analyzed. Results. During research the performance of Outpatient Cancer Center and its change as a result of using lean production instruments was analyzed. The positive results including the improvement of availability of diagnostics and consultations were found out. The medical and patient ratings of organizations have also shown significant improvement. Findings. Thus, the use of lean production not only in outpatient clinic but also in Outpatient Cancer Center is relevant nowadays. The instruments of lean production can improve healthcare processes and make them more patient-centered.
Implementing a new model of primary care for stroke survivors living in the community: a mixed-methods process evaluation
Authors: Aquino Maria Raisa Jessica , Turner Grace , Kreit Elizabeth , Blatchford Emily G , Grant Julie , Johnson Vicki , Mullis Ricky , Mant Jonathan
Published: October 2024

Background:
Survival after stroke is improving, leading to increased demand on primary care and community services to meet the long-term care needs of people living with stroke. Improving Primary Care After Stroke (IPCAS) is a novel model of primary care for stroke survivors living in the community. IPCAS was a complex intervention, with intervention components aimed at stroke survivors and healthcare professionals. This process evaluation aimed to explore how the intervention was delivered in context and how participants engaged with the intervention.
Methods:
The process evaluation was underpinned by the National Institute of Health’s Behaviour Change Consortium fidelity framework. A mixed methods design was used to assess fidelity of design, training, delivery and engagement. Methods included questionnaires, video- and audio-recordings, observations, and interviews with staff and participants.
Results:
The IPCAS intervention reflected its theoretical underpinnings and was substantially different from usual care. Most components of the intervention were delivered with high or moderate fidelity and training fidelity was high. In particular, the checklist was considered useful. However, other components were less valued, in particular, the direct point of contact service which was hardly used by participants and the local directory of services which had variable take up by healthcare professionals. It was not possible to facilitate communication between primary and secondary care as originally planned. Furthermore, some practices used a GP or healthcare assistant to deliver the reviews, rather than a practice nurse as planned. Several participants did not feel the intervention was relevant for them due to their recovery and the time that had passed since their stroke.
Conclusions:
This mixed-methods process evaluation provided novel insights into the design, delivery and engagement with a new model of primary care for stroke survivors. Despite high or moderate fidelity for delivery of most components of the intervention and high training fidelity, some components, such as the direct point of contact, were not valued and several participants did not feel the intervention was relevant for them.
Trial registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03353519, registered November 27, 2017.
An intestinal histiocytic sarcoma in a collared peccary (Pecari tajacu): A case report
Authors: de Oliveira Radan Elvis Matias , Batista Jael Soares , Santos Wanderson Lucas Alves dos , de Sousa Ana Caroline Freitas Caetano , Lopes Igor Renno Guimarães , Diniz João Augusto Rodrigues Alves , de Oliveira Thalita Evani Silva , Olinda Robério Gomes , de Souto Erick Platini Ferreira , de Oliveira Moacir Franco
Published: October 2024

Background
A significant increase in the incidence of neoplasms in wild animals maintained in captivity has been noted in recent years. Histiocytic sarcomas comprise a rare malignant macrophage-dendritic cell lineage neoplasm in wildlife. In this context, this study reports a rare case of histiocytic sarcoma in the small intestine of a collared peccary (Pecari tajacu), describing its clinical, anatomopathological, and immunohistochemical aspects.
Case presentation:
A six-year-old male collared peccary maintained in captivity at a facility in Northeastern Brazil presented progressive weight loss, diarrhea, anorexia, dyspnea, lethargy, abdominal distension, bristled fur, and pale mucous membranes. After 18 days, the animal was found dead in its enclosure. A pathoanatomical examination revealed that the animal exhibited poor body condition, scant body fat with a gelatinous appearance, hydrothorax, pulmonary edema, and excessive abdominal cavity fluid accumulation. Small intestine wall thickening was observed, along with the presence of a tumor mass in the duodenal portion. A histopathological examination of the affected intestinal segment indicated the presence of round neoplastic cells with giant, hypercolored nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and a high mitotic count (20 figures per field). Giant, binucleated, and multinucleated cells were also observed. The neoplastic cells infiltrated all histological layers, from the mucosa to the serosa. An immunohistochemical examination displayed strong positivity for CD18 and negativity for CD3 and CD79, confirming a histiocytic intestinal sarcoma diagnosis. Additionally, a Ki-67 index of 70% was recorded.
Conclusions
The determined histopathological characteristics and detection of specific immunohistochemical markers confirmed metastatic intestinal histiocytic sarcoma in a P. tajacu, a rare neoplasm described for the first time in this species.
Performance of calves in dry season feedlot according to genetic group and sex
Authors: Severino Ana Clara da Silva , Braga Bruna Cardoso , Gomes Raphael Dos Santos , Villela Severino Delmar Junqueira , Vitor Cláudio Manoel Teixeira , Leonel Fernando de de Paula
Published: October 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate the feedlot strategy for beef calves as an alternative during the dry season, as well as differences in the performance between genetic groups: Caracu, Nellore, crossbred Caracu x Nellore, and sex. Fifty-four calves were distributed in a completely randomized design in a 3x2 factorial scheme. The diet was formulated for an average body weight gain of 0.5 kg/day. Average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were evaluated. The data was subjected to analysis of variance, and when significant at the 5% level, means were compared using the SNK (Student-Newman-Keuls) test. There was an interaction (p<0.05) between genetic group and sex only for ADG. Crossbred Caracu x Nellore calves male had the highest (p<0.05) gain (0.75 kg/day). Caracu males and crossbred females did not differ (p>0.05) from each other, showing gains of 0.66 and 0.63 kg/day, respectively. Caracu females had intermediate gains (p<0.05) of 0.52 kg/day. While the lowest gains were in Nellore, males and females, which did not differ from each other (p>0.05) and showed 0.42 and 0.38 kg/day, respectively. There was an effect (p<0.05) due to genetic groups, with crossbred calves showing higher (p<0.05) gain (0.70 kg/day), followed by Caracu (0.58 kg/day) and Nellore (0.41 kg/day). There was effect (p<0.05) on DMI (5.86 versus 6.58 kg/animal/day) and FCR (13.76 versus 12.39 kg of DM/kg of body weight gain) for males and females, respectively. There was also effect (p<0.05) of DMI for genetic groups, with crossbred and Caracu calves not differing (p>0.05) from each other (6.80 and 6.43 kg/animal/day), respectively, and having higher (p<0.05) intake than Nellore calves (5.91 kg/animal/day). For FCR, there was also effect (p<0.05) for genetic groups, with crossbred calves showing better (p<0.05) FCR (9.83 kg of DM/kg of gain), followed by Caracu (11.16 kg of DM/kg of gain), which in turn had better (p<0.05) FCR than Nellore (14.95 kg of DM/kg of gain). Given these results, males are superior to females in weight gain, feed conversion and also have lower feed costs in feedlot. Considering these same aspects, crossbred Caracu x Nellore calves have better performance than calves of these pure breeds. The worst performance was of the Nellore Calves.
Optimization of low-velocity impact behavior of FML structures at different environmental temperatures using Taguchi method and grey relational analysis
Authors: DÜNDAR Mustafa , Uygur İlyas , EKİCİ Ergün
Published: October 2024

Carbon fiber-reinforced Aluminum Laminate(CARALL) materials are a relatively new generation of Fibre Metal Laminate(FML) materials that have attracted interest due to their superior properties. This study investigates the low-velocity impact behavior of CARALL structures at different environmental temperatures(-40°C, 23°C and 80°C). Two different groups of CARALL composite structures with varying fiber orientations were produced by hot pressing in a 3/2 arrangement: C1(Al/0°90°/Al/90°0°/Al) and C2(Al/0°0°/Al/0°0°/Al/0°0°/Al). Low-velocity impact tests were conducted at 23J, 33J, and 48J energy levels using a Ø20 mm spherical impactor tip. The area of damage was detected by ultrasonic C-Scan. In addition, analysis of variance(ANOVA) was applied to reveal the influential parameters and their effect levels. After conducting experiments using the Taguchi L18 test set, it was observed that the C2-coded specimen yielded better results in terms of maximum peak load, maximum displacement, and damage area. While the decrease in temperature increased the damage and maximum peak load, the increase in temperature did not cause a significant change in the maximum peak load. The primary damage mechanisms observed in damage investigations were matrix cracks and delamination between composite layers. Although delamination is present between the Al/CFRP layer, it is not significant. This result highlights the success and importance of the Phospho-Sulphuric Anodizing(PSA) pre-surface treatment applied to the aluminum plates. In all experiments, the most effective parameter was the impact energy. The optimal experimental conditions (23°C temperature and 23J impact energy with the C1-coded sample) were determined using grey relational analysis based on principal component analysis.
Factors influencing primary care access for common mental health conditions among adults in West Africa: A scoping review
Authors: Adjei-Banuah Nhyira Yaw , Reichenberger Veronika , Ayiku Roberta Naa Barkey , Bondzie Eugene Paa Kofi , Amarteyfio Kezia Naa Amerley Akosua , Agyekum Mary Pomaa , Mirzoev Tolib , Murphy Adrianna , Ohene Sammy , Antwi Edward , Agyepong Irene A.
Published: October 2024

Background
Mental health conditions are a significant threat to global health and have recently seen increased efforts to tackle them. Despite these efforts, common mental health conditions like stress, anxiety disorders, depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and substance use disorder continue to affect many people worldwide. In West Africa, the situation is worse because of the many factors that hinder access to primary care for these conditions. Our scoping review explored the factors that influence primary care access for common mental health conditions among adults in West Africa.
Methods
Using the approach for the conduct of scoping reviews described by Arksey and O’Malley in 2005, five electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, CAIRN INFO, and Google Scholar), were searched for articles published between 1st January 2002 and 31st January 2024. Papers were screened by two independent reviewers and selected based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. This review adheres to the requirements of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, extension for scoping reviews.
Results
After removing duplicate records titles and abstracts were screened for 1736 articles resulting in 39 articles eligible for full-text screening. After full-text screening, 28 articles were included in the review. Our review revealed that the factors that influence primary care access for common mental health conditions in West Africa act either at the level of the patient, the primary healthcare facility, or outside these two levels at the contextual level. Contextual factors include social norms, cultural beliefs, traditions, and socio-economic status. They influence primary care access for mental health by affecting the patient level and healthcare facility-level factors. Furthermore, the domains of influence at the patient level and facility level are interrelated.
Conclusion
Factors influencing primary care access for common mental health conditions among adults in West Africa are multiple, complex, and interrelated. Effective Interventions to improve primary care access for mental health need to be multi-faceted addressing individual, facility and systems, as well as contextual factors.
Breast cancer therapy by both of laser and ultrasound irradiation with the aid of gold nanoparticles injection
Authors: Siyanaki Heliya sadat Kazemi , Rezaei Fatemeh , Kabiri Saeedeh , Ashrafkhani Behnam
Published: October 2024

Breast cancer is a disease in which cells in the breast grow out of control. After surgery, chemotherapy, and other invasive treatments, hyperthermia is a suitable choice with minimal side effects. This paper investigates the treatment of breast cancer using a combination of laser and ultrasound irradiation in the presence of gold nanoparticles. In the simulations, the breast tissue is represented as a multilayer structure, and the tumor is supposed to consist of two parts: a superficial section and a deeper region. In the initial stage, the superficial parts of the tumor, which also contain gold nanoparticles, are exposed to a continuous laser for 50 seconds, followed by a cooling period of 20 seconds. Then, for deeper sections, ultrasound irradiation is utilized. The results indicated that the application of nanoparticles enhanced the tissue necrosis volume. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the combinational application of laser and ultrasound irradiation could eradicate both the superficial parts of the tumor and the deep parts.
Association Between Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index and Mortality Outcomes in Elderly Cancer Survivors in the United States
Authors: Li Jingyi , Su Bo , Chen Fangfang , Tang Min
Published: October 2024

Background
Cancer poses a significant global health burden, with increasing incidence and mortality rates, particularly among elderly populations. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and mortality outcomes (all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease) among elderly cancer survivors in the United States.Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed.
Methods
Participants were categorized into well-nourished, mildly malnourished, and moderately to severely malnourished groups. Weighted multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for mortality outcomes.
Results
The analysis included 2,582 elderly cancer survivors. Compared to the well-nourished group, the malnourished groups had higher proportions of older individuals, males, widowed or divorced individuals, current smokers, and deaths. Lower GNRI was associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.67–3.48), cancer mortality (HR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.32–3.80), and cardiovascular mortality (HR: 2.72, 95% CI: 1.41–5.25).
Conclusions
Assessing the nutritional status of elderly cancer survivors using GNRI can help determine their prognosis and guide interventions to improve long-term outcomes.
Role of the rostral anterior cingulate cortex in emotion processing in Treatment Resistant Depression
Authors: Barreiros Ana , Breukelaar Isabella , Mayur Prashanth , Andepalli Jagadeesh , Tomimatsu Yoshiro , Funayama Kenta , Foster Sheryl , Harris Anthony , Korgaonkar Mayuresh
Published: October 2024

The rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) has been identified as a key region in treatment-resistant depression (TRD), potentially influencing the adaptive interplay between the default mode network and other critical neural networks. This study aims to further uncover the role of the rACC in TRD by investigating its differential connectivity during tasks that evoke conscious and non-conscious emotional responses. Thirty-nine TRD patients, 35 treatment-sensitive depression (TSD) patients, and 38 healthy controls (HC) underwent 3T fMRI while performing tasks designed to elicit emotional responses to facial expressions under supraliminal and subliminal conditions. Connectivity patterns of the rACC were analyzed using seed-based and region-of-interest (ROI) approaches. During the processing of positive emotions in the subliminal task, TRD patients showed increased rACC connectivity to the cerebellum and middle temporal gyrus, compared to HC and TSD. Furthermore, significant hypoconnectivity between the rACC and hippocampus was found in the TRD, during the supraliminal processing of positive emotions, compared to TSD and HC. Altered neural connectivity to both subliminal and supraliminal processing of positive facial emotion distinguishes TRD from healthy individuals and patients who respond to depression treatments. This observation fits with anhedonia symptoms that persist in TRD and our findings identify that the underlying mechanism for this inability to process positive emotions is via altered connectivity of the rACC to regions involved in regulating or contextualising emotions.
Early Treatment-related Changes in Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Activity and Functional Connectivity as Potential Biomarkers for Antidepressant Response in Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Yang Yuan , Zhang Han , Li Cun , Shi Ke , Xia Ye , Song Yanhui , Feng Jie , Wang Ziwei , Wang Kai
Published: October 2024

Previous research has demonstrated that patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) exhibit cognitive deficits. As a crucial region within the executive control network, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) activity and its functional connectivity (FC) may serve as potential indicators of antidepressant response. This prospective cohort study recruited 115 MDD patients and 43 healthy controls. Psychological assessments, electroencephalogram and event-related potential recordings were performed at baseline and 1 week after venlafaxine treatment, with a 12-week follow-up. Group differences were analyzed using independent sample t-tests and Mann-Whitney U tests, while linear mixed-effects models and logistic regression evaluated associations between DLPFC activity/FC changes and clinical outcomes. The MDD group showed significantly reduced right DLPFC current density during the N2 time window evoked by oddball stimuli (p = 0.028), which negatively correlated with 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-21) scores (p = 0.041) (n = 46). Furthermore, an early increase predicted remission at week 12 (p = 0.005). Decreased beta-band FC between the left DLPFC and both the left posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) (p = 0.003) and right PCC (p = 0.004) predicted lower HAMD-21 scores (n = 71). Moreover, an early reduction in these connectivity measures (left: odds ratio (OR) = 0.534, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.297–0.972, p = 0.036; right: OR = 0.533, 95% CI: 0.299–0.950, p = 0.033) predicted remission at week 12. Early changes in DLPFC activity and FC may serve as biomarkers for monitoring treatment efficacy and predicting clinical outcomes, informing personalized treatment approaches.
The Association of the Second to the Fourth Digit Ratio with Prostate Cancer Diagnosed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Transrectal Ultrasound Fusion Biopsy: A Comperative Analytical Cross-Sectional Analysis of Prospectively Recorded Data
Authors: Erbin Akif , Dizdaroglu Caglar , Erdal Feyzi Sinan , Sekkeli Sami , Meric Arda , Turkay Rustu
Published: October 2024

Background: Only a few studies that employed conventional transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) biopsy have investigated the connection between the second digit (2D)-to-fourth digit (4D) ratio and prostate cancer, and their findings have been conflicting. We aimed to investigate the correlation between the 2D:4D ratio and prostate cancer, identified through a multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI)-TRUS fusion biopsy, and its association with clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa).
Methods: Patients who underwent mp-MRI/TRUS fusion biopsy due to the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System 3/4/5 lesions between 2020 and 2024 were included in the study (n = 616). After applying the exclusion criteria, the patients were divided into three groups: Study group (n = 168): prostate cancer; study subgroup:csPCa (n = 95); and control group (n = 360): non-cancer. The groups were compared in terms of demographic data, patient characteristics, MRI characteristics, pathological features, cancer stages, and the right hand 2D:4D ratio.
Results: There was a significant difference between the study and control groups for total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, the rate of positive digital rectal examination findings, PSA density, and prostate volume, all favoring the study group (<,001, <,001, <,001, and <,001, respectively). The study and control groups did not show any difference in terms of the right-hand 2D:4D ratio. Similarly, no difference was observed between the study subgroup and control group when the study group was evaluated specifically for csPCa.
Conclusions: The right hand 2D:4D ratio is not a dependable predictor for both overall prostate cancer and csPCa risk.
An Integrated Approach for Studying Exposure, Metabolism, and Disposition of Traditional Chinese Medicine using PATBS and MDRB Tools: A Case Study of Semen Armeniacae Amarum
Authors: Zhang Dandan , Zhang Junyu , Chen Simian , Zhang Hairong , Yang Yuexin , Jiang Shan , Hong Yun , Zhu Mingshe , Xie Qiang , Wu Caisheng
Published: October 2024

Background: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in vivoprocess research is crucial for the development of TCM pharmacodynamic substances and new drugs. Exposure, metabolism, and disposition are always the difficulties and topical issues in TCM study, due to the complexity and diversity of its components. In recent years, a number of non-targeted smart mass-spectrometry (MS) techniques, such as precise-and-thorough background-subtraction (PATBS) and metabolomics, have realized the intelligent identification of in vivo components of TCM. However, the characterization of metabolites still mainly relies on manual identification in combination with online databases.
Results: We design a scoring approach, based on the structural similarity as well as the small difference in mass defect between metabolites and prototypes. In details, it was based on the three dimensions of mass spectral data: the m/z, the mass defect of MS1 and MS2, and the similarity of MS2 fragments, where R language editing algorithms were utilized to develop a novel mass dataset relevance bridging (MDRB) data post-processing technique. MDRB technology can realize the construction of component relationship network of TCM, which can effectively enhance the identification efficiency of metabolites and help the mapping of translational metabolic pathways. A non-targeted identification technology has been developed with the combination of MDRB and PATBS, to construct a complete strategy for identification, characterization and bridging analysis of metabolite in vivo. Based on this proposed strategy, we take Semen Armeniacae Amarum (CKXR) as an example to conduct its whole process study of exposure, metabolism, and disposition in mice.
Significance: The previously described analytical approach is universally applicable and demonstrates its effectiveness in analyzing complex components of TCMs in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, bridging the correlation between them can also be realized, and the metabolic transformation relationship of components with the same parent nucleus structure can be explored in depth. Last but not least, the code for the MDRB algorithmic strategy has been uploaded to the platform (https://github.com/933ZhangDD/MDRB) and is publicly available.
The Novara Cohort Study: Rationale, Objective and Preliminary Findings From an Italian Ageing Cohort Study
Authors: Aleni Chiara , Cracas Silvia , Garro Giulia , Antona Annamaria , Venetucci Jacopo , Bettio Valentina , Varalda Marco , Scotti Lorenza , Ferrante Daniela , Rolla Roberta , Faggiano Fabrizio , Capello Daniela
Published: October 2024

Background
The Novara Cohort Study (NCS) is the first multidisciplinary cohort study on aging in Northern Italy. It is designed to explore aging trajectories and health outcomes in the general population. This study involves the collection of biological samples and extensive data, including socioeconomic, medical history, lifestyle habits, quality of life and physical function.
Objective
This paper outlines the rationale, objectives, and preliminary findings of the NCS pilot phase. It discusses the baseline characteristics, initial biological characterization, and identifies key areas for improvement to ensure the successful implementation of the full-scale study.
Methods
The NCS pilot phase enrolled participants aged 35 and older residing in Novara, Italy. The study involved the collection of biological samples, medical examinations, questionnaires and functional tests. Data were collected included demographic information, physical activity, sleep quality, diet, quality of life, mental health, medical history, and medication use. Key blood parameters were analyzed alongside clinical data.
Results
The pilot phase enrolled 123 participants, 68 (55.3%) females and 55 (44.7%) males with a median age of 65 years old. The NCS pilot participants had higher education levels, lower smoking rates, and higher physical activity levels than the general population. Blood biomarker profiling showed significant variability across participants, providing a solid foundation for effectively analyzing aging trajectories.
Conclusions
The NCS pilot provided crucial insights into participant characteristics and identified areas for study protocol enhancement throughout all phases. These findings will guide refinements to optimize future study processes and outcomes, ultimately aimed at investigating the biological, social, and environmental determinants of aging in the Northern Italy area population.
The Nexus between Multilingualism and Criminality in Ghana, West Africa: A Qualitative Analysis through the Lens of Symbolic Interactionism Theory
Authors: Mensah Ronald Osei , Kingful Princess , Mensah Gifty Serwah
Published: October 2024

This study focuses on multilingualism, and criminality, from the perspective of symbolic interactionism theory. The researchers adopted a qualitative approach, utilizing ethnographic research design, to, thus, explore the complex relationship between such communication symbolism and deviant behavior in the Ghanaian cultural context. Here, the researchers conducted semi-structured interviews with three categories of participants: 10 deviant individuals, or criminals, from Ankaful prisons, and in the communities, through non-participant observation, 8 community members, and 4 law enforcement officers. Actually, the researchers employed purposive sampling method to ensure that participants have relevant expertise in, and/or firsthand knowledge related to, communication symbolism in deviant subcultures. The findings of the study, primarily, showed that communication, through multilingualism, conveys identities and codes thinly, and it is an effective symbol of group connection. Interestingly, the complicated dynamics surrounding the stigmatization, and labelling, of communication symbolism of language is observed to have an impact on deviant people's self-esteem, and their interaction with law enforcement. Therefore, as a concrete method of identifying, and comprehending, such communication symbolism within deviant, and criminal, subcultures, policymakers, according to this study, may form a collaborative task force consisting of law enforcement officers, community leaders and cultural experts.