bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Simulation of a Master-Slave Robot for Apple Harvest
Authors: Luo Hai Feng , Zhang Chao Yi
Published: September 2013

Apple harvest is a heavy labor and time consuming task, and is mainly conducted manually currently. Workers need to grasp the apple body from the branch and then cut the apple stem with clippers. This paper has made effort to realize these operations with an under-actuated manipulator. This manipulator is driven pneumatically and is expected to grasp the apple body and then cut the stem in a designed sequence. A camera is embedded on the manipulator to obtain the eye in hand style. A SCARA robot arm is employed to locate the manipulator to the target apple under the control of master device, which could be operated manually and navigated by the camera image feedback. The displacement of the under-actuated manipulator is simulated to approve the design concept.
Investigation of Mixing Flow Process Using PIV and PLIF Techniques
Authors: Hutli Ezddin , Tar Dániel , Gottlasz Valer , Ezsol Gyorgy
Published: September 2013

A coolant mixing investigation in a head of a half-size model of VVER-440 fuel assembly (simulator) has been performed at KFKI. The PIV and PLIF measurements have been done under a selected list of power distribution options, flow rates and powers. The experiments were focused on obtaining a data for investigating the trends in temperature difference between the value registered by a thermocouple and that obtained using PLIF technique. The coolant temperature distribution has been measured in many positions along the coolant trajectory and where coolant flow leaves the rod bundle and in the cross section location of thermocouple, thus the dynamics of effect of mixing process is also declared. PIV and LPIF results show their ability to verify the primary results of CFD calculations.
Pole-Zero Analysis of Multi-Stage Amplifiers and Low Dropout (LDO) Regulators
Authors: Xu Yu Sen , Hu Wei , Huang Feng Ying , Huang Ji Wei , She Hong Bo
Published: September 2013

The objective of this paper is to provide tutorial treatment of the steps for analyzing poles and zeros in multi-stage amplifiers and low dropout (LDO) regulators. The steps can be easily all done by hand simplification without lacking for accuracy, and divided into two methods depending on whether Miller effect exists or not. A two-stage Simple Miller Compensation (SMC) amplifier and an output capacitor-less regulator are analyzed in detail, and several multi-stage amplifiers reported in the literature are also included. To this end, Cadence Spectre simulations are performed to compare hand-computed pole/zero locations with AC analysis.
A New Method for Online Steady-State Power Flow Calculation in Electric Power System
Authors: Bao Hai , Huang Xin , Wang Ling , Liu Gang
Published: September 2013

Owing to the given variables are measurable in online power flow calculation, the electrical variables of higher measuring accuracy should be chosen for calculation. Currently the theory of reactive power is deficient and several methods for reactive power measurement are briefly introduced in this paper. The inaccuracy of those methods is pointed out by the relevant references in non-sinusoidal conditions. The measuring accuracy of Active power directly obtained by voltage and current is the same as that of voltage and current. For increasing the accuracy of online power flow calculation, a method substituting voltage magnitude for reactive power is proposed in this paper. The new method eliminates the effects resulted from inaccurate reactive power measurement. The simulation results on software MATPOWER verify the correctness and rationality of the new method.
LED Chips Locating Algorithm Based on Wavelet Transformation
Authors: Wu Xiao
Published: September 2013

LED chips position is of crucial significance in chip testing, scribing, die spreading, and die bonding. It’s a great solution to indicate electrical characteristics of chips, examine whether the chip pins are up to the standard, and distinguish LED chip quality. Concerning this, an LED chip positioning method based on wavelet transform is proposed in this paper. Firstly, CCD, light and motion control module are adopted to construct and acquire the visual system of LED chip images. Then the images are processed with lowpass filtering and normalization to obtain Hi-Q chips image, and image features are extracted by further using multi-scale wavelet transform. Lastly, high accuracy positioning of LED chips is achieved by employing high-accuracy point pattern matching algorithm. Experimental results show that the LED chip image positioning error is less than 1μm and the position speed is faster than 5 particles per second, which offer new approaches for high-accuracy chip positioning system of detection machines, sorting machines, die bonders, etc.
Study on Risk Evaluation of Oil Spilling from Ship Based on the Gray Theory
Authors: Shao Ming Qin , Hu Xu Ling
Published: September 2013

At present, with the continuous increase of the nautical navigation density and the number of large size & specialization of the dangerous cargo vessels, the potential risk of oil spill accident from ships has been growing. On this background, this paper analyses three major factors affecting the risk assessment of ship oil spilling; then uses the gray theory to establish multi-level gray evaluation model and calculates the gray evaluation coefficient, weight vector and weight matrix; at last, the paper gives a comprehensive evaluation and makes example verification according to the calculation result. The result shows that this model has the characteristics of simple in calculation, clear in level and credible in the result.
Investigation of the Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Prepared by the Mixed Oxide from the ZnAl-Layered Double Hydroxide
Authors: Zhang Liang Ji , Leng Ming Zhe , Qin Yao Wei , Liu Jian Qiang
Published: September 2013

The layered double hydrotalcites (LDH) with molar ratio Zn:Al=2:1 was prepared by urea method. The mixed oxides were prepared by calcining the LDH at different temperatures and a series of dye-sensitized solar cells were assembled by the corresponding oxides and the dye Ruthenizer 535-bisTBA (N719). The basic parameters were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) and UV-Vis absorption spectrum. The photovoltaic behaviors of solar cells were characterized and the best efficiency was 0.015% when the calcining temperature was 500°C.
Online Steady-State Telemetry Data's Practical Acquisition Method
Authors: Zhang Yu Zhuo
Published: September 2013

SCADA system is a real-time data source, and it can accurately record the real-time information of the power system. Due to renewable energy's connection to the power system, load fluctuations and scheduling switching operation, the power system is often in a dynamic process. The telemetry data provided by SCADA system contains two parts, the steady-state data and transient data. The data cannot be directly used in state estimation. So we propose histogram thinking and extract steady-state data from the real-time telemetry data, which provides good data for state estimation. This method has the character of quick calculating speed and accuracy, and is adapted to the needs of real-time data's processing.
BEM for Static and Dynamic Fracture Analysis in Thin Piezoelectric Structures
Authors: Zhong Hong Jun , Wang Hong Yan , Lei Jun , Gu Wei Dong
Published: September 2013

A 2D time-domain boundary element method (BEM) is developed to study the fracture problems in thin piezoelectric structure. The nearly singular integrals arisen in thin structures are calculated in two ways. One is based on a nonlinear coordinate transformation for curve-quadratic element, and the other one is an analytical integration method for straight quadratic element. Numerical examples are presented to verify the effectiveness and stability of the present BEM in thin piezoelectric structure.
Experimental Study on the Effect of Water on Shear Strength Characteristic of Shale
Authors: Liu Jian , Liu Shang Ge , Tao Xiao
Published: September 2013

In order to understand the shear strength characteristic of water-sensitive shale under the effect of water in the northwest of Hubei province, we carried out direct shear tests of shale in natural and water-saturated states along its bedding plane with original shale samples taken from the Guzhu expressway and analyzed the shear stress-displacement relationship under different normal stresses and explored the influence of water on shale shear deformation and strength characteristic. This study shows that the shear stress-displacement curve of shale in natural state and water-saturated state presents significant similarities and differences; compared with natural shale, water-saturated shale witnesses an obvious drop in its cohesive force, internal friction angle and residual angle of internal friction; shale in natural state presents apparent brittle failure characteristic while water-saturated shale to some extent exhibits ductile failure characteristic.
The Influence of Sodium Chloride on the Resulting AAO Film Thickness
Authors: Badida Miroslav , Gombar Miroslav , Sobotova Lydia , Kmec Jan , Vagaská Alena , Michal Peter
Published: September 2013

The contribution examines the effects of the electrolyte chemical composition on the resulting AAO layer thickness, which is one of the main indicators of corrosion protection of aluminium parts and which also favourably affects mechanical properties of component surfaces. For comparison purposes, there were selected the electrolytes comprising sulphuric acid, oxalic acid, boric acid and sodium chloride. Anodizing time for all specimens was 210.00 minutes. At the same time, equal electrolyte temperature 22.00°C ± 13.64% as well as equal magnitude of the applied voltage 12.00 V ± 4.17% were determined for all specimens. The results obtained lead to the assumption that it is possible to replace conventional electrolytes by those that are more environmentally friendly, reduce the costs of their disposal and allow obtaining oxide layers of the same thickness. The admixture of sodium chloride plays here the crucial role and its effect on the thickness of the formed oxide layer has not been published yet in any study.
Research on Explosive Formulation Performance Parameter Prediction Method Based on GEP
Authors: Wang Dong Lei , Peng Li Juan , Lu Zhong Hua
Published: September 2013

Definition of homology gene, mutual exclusion gene, formulations gene and compatriots gene set has been given based on the characteristics of the energetic formulation components in this paper. The complex formula chromosome resolution rules have been designed to solve the energetic formulation component burst speed estimate problem combined with the GEP theories and test techniques. The test results showed that the performance prediction error of the detonation velocity is less than 3%.
Exploitation of the ELID Grinding Parameters Expert System
Authors: Guan Jia Liang , Wang Zhi Wei , Zhu Li Li , Chen Zhi De , Wang Wen Chang
Published: September 2013

This paper introduces the ELID grinding parameters expert system. When we use this system, input machining parameters of the machined material and the requirement of processing precision, then it can speculate ELID grinding process parameters and electrolytic parameters for material. This system has a great practical value for the optimization of ELID grinding process, reducing processing cost and improving efficiency.
Micro Parts Errors to Precision Manufacturing using UV-LIGA Technology
Authors: Ilie Cristinel , Comeagă C. Daniel , Donţu Octavian G. , Popa Marius
Published: September 2013

To remove the shortcomings from the manufacturing process it is necessary to optimize all process parameters, for all stages of technological process: the exposure, the development, the electroforming and removal of the exposed SU8. This research implies that various types of MEMS devices can be developed at a high accuracy with design flexibility, only if all process parameters are optimized. This article is presenting a study regarding typical errors arisen during manufacturing of micro-parts using UV-LIGA technology.
Simulation Analysis of Broken-Explosive Warhead Penetrating Hard Targets
Authors: Sun Yan Fu , Yuan Zhi Hua , Hu Ming
Published: September 2013

The broken-explosive warhead for back deep underground target and airport runway hard target has a unique advantage. Through analyzing hard target characteristics of the concrete , process using ANSYS/LS-DYNA software to break-explosive warhead of a warhead forming process and penetration into concrete target is studied by numerical simulation. Experiments show: the simulation results are accurate. A warhead on concrete penetration and expanding role better, open a channel for level two warhead implement efficient damage. To counter this deep underground and airport target road of hard target penetration has a certain application prospect.
Application Research of Sweep Frequency in GMI Test
Authors: Lin Qi Feng , Teng Jin Hua
Published: September 2013

Because of inefficiency of many tests needed in GMI research, this paper put forward the sweep frequency measurement method to implement the measurement of GMI effect under multi frequency at the same time in a single test. Experiments proved that the GMI effect curves which are measured by the sweep measurement method are consistent with other method's results, and the sweep frequency measurement method can greatly reduce the time of GMI test and improving the efficiency of the test.
Laser Self-Compensated Measurement for Glass Thickness Process Control in High Temperature Environment
Authors: Zhang Yao
Published: September 2013

This article analysis the characteristic of the actual production of the float glass in the tin bath under the environment. The author use the method of dynamic optical measurement to measure the thickness of the glass. The process use semiconductor as the light source and linear array CCD as the censor to get the data at 600°C. By analyzing large amount of dynamic experiment data and the analysis of the measuring equipment, using edge measuring and pixel subdivision technique on the software, the author have several discussions and come up with some compensate steps towards the effect of the accuracy of the system. Within the effective range of the thickness of glass from 2~20mm, the accuracy of dynamic online measurement can reach 5µm; the accuracy of the statics online measurement is less than 1µm.
Optimization Control for Dynamic Thermal Comfort in an Intelligent Inhabitation Environment
Authors: Duan Pei Yong , Li Hui , Liu Cong Cong
Published: September 2013

Comfortable, healthy, and energy-saving indoor environments can be obtained via a dynamic thermal comfort control. Difficulties to design an optimal control system for a dynamic thermal environment arise due to the lack of coordinative control evaluation methods for conflicting comfort and energy-saving indices. An improved multi-objective algorithm based on discrete PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) is proposed to calculate the optimal values of parameters in the dynamic comfort control system based on users balance between the comfort and energy conservation. No a priori information or physical indoor environment model is needed. Experiment results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Embedded Arm Control Architecture for Remote PID Controller
Authors: Wang Ding
Published: September 2013

The remote control of controller is a main trend of development for control system. The lots of work in them all mainly regards internet as the base of frames in the network. There are many levels of technologies for the remote control of controller. Its implements are important technologies among these levels. So, a remote PID controller is completed physically using ARM-based microprocessors. In this paper, how it is built is proposed. The realizations of the control algorithms are focused on specially. The physical prototype was implemented and proved that Embedded ARM control architecture for remote PID controller is correct and effective.
Distinguish the Pattern of Two-Phase Flow with the Technology of Acoustic Emission
Authors: Fang Li De , Zhang Yao , Zhang Wan Ling , He Qing , Liang Yu Jiao
Published: September 2013

This paper has propose a new method (acoustic emission) to distinguish the pattern of gas-liquid two-phase flow in the horizontal pipe. The signals which got from the probe when multiphase flow pattern changes in the pipe and the four probe installed on the different position. Through the analysis of time domination, energy of wavelet, collected the signal features and shows there has a significant differences among the three typical flow patterns (bubbly flow, stratified flow, annular flow). Energy of wavelet can clearly represents the signal strength. This paper found that the acoustic emission as a new method to distinguish flow patterns have good effect can as a new technology for the study of gas-liquid two-phase.
The Research and Implementation Algorithm for Fisheye Image
Authors: Ma Zhi Jun , Li Tong
Published: September 2013

The fisheye lens is widely used in the field of panoramic monitoring, this paper describes how to correct the distortion of fisheye image, and introduces a simple, fast, practical fisheye image correction method for fisheye image taken under specific angle. Also the detailed formulas are presented in this paper. Experiments show that the method can achieve satisfactory results.
The Effect of the Accuracy of Reactive Power Measurement on Transmission Node Cost
Authors: Bao Hai , Zhang Xiang Yu , Liu Gang , Wang Ling
Published: September 2013

Power flow calculation is the fundamental of cost analysis of transmission node. In traditional methods, the rationality of the cost analysis is of more concern than the accuracy of the power flow calculation’s results. This paper starts from the reactive data that being used for power flow calculation, expatiate that the method of present reactive power data measurement is inaccurate and explains why it is inaccurate. What reactive power would do to node cost analysis and why it could do so are analyzed considering cost analysis of transmission node. At last, an example of IEEE 9 is used. And it is proved that the fluctuation of reactive power will affect the power distribution of the whole network, as a result affect the generators’ sale of electricity income to loads greatly.
Numerical Investigation on the Process of Stretch-Forming Based on Discretely Loading for Spherical Sheet Metal Parts
Authors: Cai Zhong Yi , Wang Mi , Yang Zhen , Peng Kun
Published: September 2013

Stretch-forming based on discretely loading is a new process for manufacturing three-dimensional sheet metal part, the stretching load is applied at discrete points on the two ends of sheet metal, by controlling the loading trajectory at each discrete point, an optimal stretch-forming process can be realized, and the formed surface with the strains and stresses more uniformly distributed are obtained so that the forming defect can be avoided. The numerically investigated results on the stretch-forming process of spherical sheet metal part show that, comparing with the traditional stretch-forming, the equivalent strain in the new process is reduced by approximately 30% and equivalent stress reduced by 10%, the range of the strain and stress distributions are reduced by approximately 30%.
Simulation of Temperature Variations in the Human Eye Affected by the Presence of a Tumor
Authors: Silveira Matheus , Franca Adriana S.
Published: September 2013

The presence of a tumor inside biological bodies is known to cause increases in the temperature of surrounding healthy tissues. In the field of ophthalmology, the effects of tumor on the ocular temperature distribution have been rarely investigated, but a few experimental studies have shown that eyes with choroidal melanoma presented increases in the corneal surface temperature. Thus, the objective of this study was to simulate the thermal effects of an eye tumor on the ocular temperature distribution. The tumor was simulated as a circle, located at the interface between the sclera and vitreous. Variations in tumor size were evaluated. All simulation studies were based on the finite element discretization method (FEM), with the eye being approximated by a two-dimensional domain. Simulated results were compared to experimental data (obtained for healthy eyes employing a thermocamera), with satisfactory agreement (average % error < 1.8%). Simulations also showed that the presence of the tumor caused an increase in overall temperature values, mainly due to the effect of the more intense metabolic heat inside the tumor.
Optimization of the Front Platen Using Gaussian Kriging Model
Authors: Qi Hua Long , Gu Wei Dong , Pan Jing Shan , Feng Jin Qiao , Tian Min
Published: September 2013

The method of uniform design is applied in this paper to obtain the design of computer experiments and 3 factors (11 levels for each factor) are selected. The Gaussian Kriging model is built on the basis of the computer experiments results and will be used as a surrogate model for the optimization design of the front platen. 10 design points are selected to verify the prediction ability of the Gaussian Kriging model after it is obtained. It is shown that the maximum of the relative error of the Gaussian Kriging model is 2.53% and the minimum is 0.63%. Therefore the Gaussian Kriging model built in this paper is effective and practical for the optimization of the front platen. This paper provides a convenient method for the designers in the optimization for parts that have very complex geometry (not only for front platens). Meanwhile, the building method for the surrogate model is also very useful when the computing cost of the FEA for the real system is very large.
Motion Analyses of D-Type Driving Mechanism
Authors: Li Shi Yi , Shi Wen Pu
Published: September 2013

Geometric analyses and mechanical analytical method are used to study a kind of D-type driving mechanism. The theoretical formulae of computing angular velocities of the connecting rod and the rocker are given, and the linear velocity of the driving point C is obtained, and the finite differential numerical method for computing the angular velocities of the connecting rod and the rocker is also introduced. The results of the given numerical example show the feasibility of the theoretical conclusions here.
Research on Fault Diagnosis of Power System Based on Adaptive Immune Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Li Xiao Quan , Wang Jing Chen , Li Run Ling , Sun An Quan
Published: September 2013

In this article, the fault problem of power system is investigated with an adaptive immune genetic algorithm (AIGA) for the complications of fault. By introducing new crossover rate and mutation rate, considering the general characteristics of population, vaccines are extracted with dynamic self-adaption approach, thus avoiding the disadvantage of standard genetic algorithm. On the other hand, with the idea of survival of the fittest, the antibody population with low fitness is replaced by parts of new antibody generated randomly, which allows the variety of population. A general power system is employed to show the efficiency of the new method.
Modeling and Simulation of Hydraulic Power System for Maintenance Training Simulator
Authors: Qin Qing Xia , Geng Hong
Published: September 2013

Study of Hydraulic Power System for development of Maintenance Training Simulator is very important. By analyzing the operational principle of the hydraulic system, presents an aircraft hydraulic system functional simulation model. After the whole hydraulic model has been established, attach to the maintenance training simulation platform. Simulation results show that this model can simulate the normal system operation and indication, and can simulate the impacts of fault disturbances under various conditions, which meets the simulation demand.
Simulation Research of Wind Power Rotate Speed Based on Cloud Model of Fuzzy Reasoning PID Control
Authors: Yue You Jun , Xu Yue , Zhao Hui , Wang Hong Jun
Published: September 2013

When wind turbine works under rated wind speed, we often use fuzzy controller to control rotate speed and keep the best sharp blade speed to achieve the aim of capture the largest wind power. Due to the nonlinearity of wind power, the uncertainty of timely change and other factors, though fuzzy PID control is the combination of fuzzy control and PID control, which can solve the problem of nonlinear very well, it focuses only on the fuzziness, and fails to consider the random error brought by wind speed change. Therefore this paper designed fuzzy reasoning PID controller based on cloud model on the base of analyzing parameters of wind power and advantage as well as shortage of both PID control and fuzzy control. Then start the RT-LAB simulation platform. The simulation result proved that this method can effectively depress the overshoot. And its stability and dynamic speed response is better than PID control and fuzzy control. It achieved ideal result.
Data-Aided Parameters Estimation of Satellite-Based AIS Signals
Authors: Ma She Xiang , Liu Xiao Juan , Meng Xin
Published: September 2013

Aiming at the problem of poor accuracy and small range of frequency estimation in the area of satellite-based AIS signals, this paper presents a novel data-aided estimation method based on the autocorrelation and DFT. The algorithm determines the principal value and the expansion of the frequency and then acquires high-precision estimation by data fitting. Based on that, other parameters can be estimated. Computer simulations were used to illustrate better estimation accuracy and a large estimation range.
Design of a Sub-0.4 V Reference Circuit in 0.18μm CMOS Technology
Authors: Singhal Sonal , Singh Rohit , Singh Amit Kumar
Published: September 2013

This paper proposes a low power voltage reference generator in 0.18μm CMOS technology.The circuit presented here includes MOSFETs in sub threshold mode and uses the temperature dependence of threshold voltages and sub-threshold current of MOSFET to form a temperature-insensitive reference. An input supply voltage of 1.8 Volt is used for the circuit generating a total current of 1.33μA. By varying the device temperature over the range of-20°C to 100°C corresponding variation over the output voltage was found to lie in the range 397.8 to 400.2 mV. Thus a 0.6% variation in voltage over the considered range of temperature is obtained.
Mechanical Adjustment Tissue Engineered Human Auricular Cartilage Shape and Elasticity In Vitro
Authors: Li Wen Kang , Li Hong , Liu Yi Zhi , He Ling
Published: September 2013

Purposes: This study is to establish an adjustable environment for culturing the functional human auricular cartilage shape in vitro. Methods: Physical stimulation affects chondrocytes function. Therefore, bioreactors have been designed in vitro to transmit a novel perfussion-compression loading and can stretch and maintain the construct's size and ear-specific shape. Results: It could provide cultures with multimechanical adjustment complex mechanical environment of a normal human auricular cartilage. Conclusions: We propose that this comprehensive perfusion-compression loading bioreactor can enhance the cultivation of shaping and elastic human auricular cartilage constructs in vitro.
Static Analysis and Dynamic Analysis of CNC Machine Center Based on ANSYS
Authors: Pang Xiao Chen , Guo Hong
Published: September 2013

The static characteristic and dynamic characteristic of machine tool is one of the most important factors that affect the performance of machine tool, and it will affect the manufacturing final performance of the machine tool, and it is also an important index to evaluate the machine tool of high performances. Based on finite element structure analysis software ANSYS, the analyses of static and dynamic characteristics of VDL-1000 were conducted. The influencing factors to working accuracy were pointed out and a way was proposed to improve the structure of the machine center. All these can provide an important theoretical basis for the design and optimization of the machine center.
Design of 3-Dimensional Guidance Law of Missile Based on Discrete Sliding Mode
Authors: Wen Nuan , Liu Zheng Hua , Chang Le
Published: September 2013

In this article, a new approach to design discrete-time sliding-mode guidance laws is presented based on the target-missile relative motion equation in three-dimensional space. This method significantly reduced system chattering and could be easily achieved on engineering. Furthermore, effectiveness of the proposed guidance laws is demonstrated through simulation by comparing with the traditional proportional guidance laws.
Implementation of a New LDPC Encoder for CCSDS Specification Based on FPGA
Authors: Zheng Zheng , Zhang Peng , Liu Chang Yin
Published: September 2013

A new Quasi-Cyclic Low-Density Parity-Check (QC-LDPC) encoder based on type I Rotate-Left-Accumulator (RLA) circuits is designed for the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS). The proposed encoder is serial-input and serial-output. It can reduce the power consumption and save memory resource. FPGA simulation shows its feasibility.
A Method of Road-Edge Detection Based on Perception Dominance
Authors: Zhang Chang Yong , Zhao Fei , Dong Hui Fen
Published: September 2013

Aiming at the problem of poor adaptability to environment when using a single sensor to detect road-edge, this paper proposed a road-edge detection method based on perception dominance. Firstly, the confidence model of 2D laser radar and vision sensor was established, and then the Dempster-Shafer Theory was used to fuse the detection results of 2D laser radar and vision sensor. Finally, the effectiveness of the method in harsh environment was verified by experiments.
Analysis on the Innovation and Application of Materials in Green Design
Authors: Liu Chang , Zhao Fan
Published: September 2013

With the rapid pace of urbanization, more and more people begin to pay attention to environment protection. Green design has long been an area of concern. The foundation of design is the material. The paper firstly emphasizes the benefits of the green design and then explores the development and application of new materials. From the cases listed in the paper, it is not difficult to find out the social progress driving force and the new energy generation promoted by the design. Besides these, this paper also presents the methods of green design, the switch from materialization to dematerialization, the design theory drawn from the essence of traditional green materials, the popularity of the advanced forming technology of green materials and smart materials and the significance of the visual, tactile experience and users psychology in design. At last, this paper generalizes the basic function and great value of the materials role in green design.
New Hydraulic Synchronization System Based on Fuzzy PID Control Strategy
Authors: Liu Zhong , Chen Jia , Zhang Kai
Published: September 2013

Proposition of a high-speed switching valve pilot control of two-cylinder two-way electro-hydraulic synchronous drive system, the establishment of a mathematical model of the system, and using fuzzy PID control strategy designed controller, at the same time building a electro-hydraulic synchronization system simulation model based on fuzzy PID controller . Simulation results show that ,when using the fuzzy PID control strategy, slave cylinder of the synchronization system follow the initiative cylinder movement well, the peak-to-average speed of the slave cylinder is 20.3mm / s. Fuzzy PID control process according to the operating conditions change error and error change, by which it has automatic adjustment of PID parameters of the synchronization system. Therefore, fuzzy PID control has better adaptive ability, and the synchronization error is 0.04 mm, achieving high synchronization accuracy. Verifying that high-speed switching valve pilot control of the synchronous drive system and its control strategy is feasible.
An Adaptive Tool Path Generation for Fused Deposition Modeling
Authors: Jin Yu An , He Yong , Fu Jian Zhong
Published: September 2013

This paper presents an adaptive tool path generation method for Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). The proposed method consists of three steps. First, an adaptive slicing considering both surface quality and building time is proposed for following tool path generation. Second, a hybrid tool path strategy is introduced to improve the boundary contours accuracy. This step is an adaptive process to choose an appropriate proportional relationship between the two types of tool paths according to the specific fabrication requirements. For further improvement, a tool path adjustment is employed on the original tool paths. A case study of a sliced layer is used to verify the feasibility and advantage of the proposed method.
Microstructural Evolution during Partial Remelting of 6061 Aluminum Bulk Alloy Prepared by Cold-Pressing of Alloy Powder
Authors: Chen Yu Shi , Chen Ti Jun , Fu Wei , Li Pu Bo
Published: September 2013

The microstructural evolution was investigated during partial remelting of 6061 aluminum bulk alloy prepared by cold-pressing of atomized alloy powders. Meanwhile, the effect of heating temperature on semisolid microstructure was also studied. It was found that after partial remelted, a semisolid microstructure with small and nearly spherical particles can be obtained. The microstructural evolution can be divided into three stages: the rapid coarsening of grains and powders, the structure separation and spheroidization of powders, and the final coarsening behavior of primary particles. For most of the primary particles (larger than 10 μm) in the semisolid state, one particle originates from one original powder in the cold-pressed bulk alloy. Furthermore, proper elevated the heating temperature is beneficial to obtain ideal semisolid microstructure.
Effect of Sintering Temperature on Microstructure and Electrical Properties of (Mn, Nb)-Doped BZT-BCT Ceramics
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Liu Qi Bin , Huang Xiao Qin
Published: September 2013

To obtain lead-free 0.5Ba (Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 ceramics with excellent microstructure and electrical properties, BZT-BCT ceramics doping Mn4+ and Nb5+ was synthesized follow a conventional solid state reaction route. By means of SEM, XRD, quasi-static d33 meter, the influence of sintering temperature on microstructure, piezoelectric and dielectric properties of BZT-BCT-Mn-Nb ceramics was discussed. The results show that grain size and the dielectric loss of BZT-BCT-Mn-Nb ceramics increase as raising the sintering temperature. When BZT-BCT-Mn-Nb ceramics is sintered at 1380°C, the optimum piezoelectric coefficient and dielectric constant are 264pC/N and 4142, respectively.
A Multiaxial Notch Fatigue Methodology to Estimate In-Service Lifetime of Corroded Cast Iron Water Pipes
Authors: Brevis W. , Susmel Luca , Boxall J.B.
Published: September 2013

The present paper summarises an attempt of using the so-called Modified Wöhler Curve Method (MWCM) to estimate fatigue damage in pitted cast iron water pipes subjected to in-service variable amplitude multiaxial fatigue loading. In this setting, pits are treated as hemispherical/hyperbolic notches whose depth increases over time due to conventional corrosion processes taking places in buried cast-iron pipes. The validity of such an approach is proven by showing, through a case study, that, under particular circumstances, the combined effect of corrosion and fatigue can remarkably shorten the in-service lifetime of cast-iron pipes as observed in the case study.
Current Activities for Standardization of Test Method for Interfacial Fracture Toughness of Thermal Spray Coatings in Japan
Authors: Arai Masayuki , Yamazaki Yasuhiro , Suzuki Masato , Miyashita Yukio , Waki H.
Published: September 2013

Collaborative research has been conducted by the Japan Thermal Spray Society (JTSS) to establish a standard test method for evaluating the interfacial fracture toughness of thermal sprayed coatings, including thermal barrier coatings. The test method is based upon the indentation test method utilizing a conventional Vickers hardness test machine. In this committee, round robin tests were performed to check differences in the evaluated results among collaborators. This paper reports on the progress of such activity in Japan.
Anisotropic Damage Phenomena in Filled Elastomers: Experimental Observation and Constitutive Modeling
Authors: Itskov Mikhail , Dargazany Roozbeh
Published: September 2013

Most important macroscopic inelastic phenomena of filled elastomers are due to microscopic damage processes inside the rubber network. For example, the Mullins effect can be explained by debonding of polymer chains from the carbon black aggregates. In turn, the damage and following recovery of aggregates are responsible for the hysteresis. All these effects also induce anisotropy of an initially isotropic material. In the present contribution, we show how these effects can be quantified experimentally and simulated by a micro-mechanical model. The model is based on the decomposition of the rubber matrix into a purely elastic polymer, a polymer-filler and a filler cell network. The polymer-filler network model takes into account the debonding of polymer chains from filler aggregates and is thus able to predict the strain induced damage and the permanent set. The filler cell network model describes breakage and recovery of filler aggregates and is responsible for the hysteresis. The presented model is in accord with a broad range of experimental observations.
Effect of Fabric Weave Geometry and Strand Orientation on Mode I Interlaminar Toughness of Glass-Epoxy Laminates
Authors: Czanocki Piotr , Hernik Bogdan
Published: September 2013

nterlaminar toughness of glass-epoxy laminates subjected to Mode I quasi static loading was investigated. The influence of reinforcement geometry on GIc was focused. Six different laminates reinforced with INTERGLAS 2/2 twill fabrics of three different areal densities and two strand orientations, θ, were tested. The considered fabric areal densities were 390g/m2, 280g/m2 and 163g/m2, and strand orientations θ=0°/90° and θ=±45°. For laminates with θ=±45° strand orientation a statistically significant difference in the means of the interlaminar toughness GIc was noticed for all three laminates i.e. reinforced with the fabrics of areal densities 163 g/m2 and 280 g/m2, and 390 g/m2. For laminates with strand orientation θ=0°/90° a significant difference in Gic means was noticed for laminates with fabrics of areal densities 163 g/m2 and 280 g/m2, and 280 g/m2 and 390 g/m2, only. For groups of laminates reinforced with a particular fabric type a statistically significant difference in the means of GIc was found each time when laminates differed in the strand arrangement θ regardless the way the GIc values were calculated. Fracture analysis done with the help of a SEM did not explained the observed differences in GIc values.
A Study of Rock Crack Fracture under Different Temperatures
Authors: Li Li Yun , Li Ming Xiu , Xu Zhi Qiang , Fan Chen , Liu Da An
Published: September 2013

A series of critical fracture toughness of two kinds of rock materials under different temperature which varied from-50°C to 240°C are measured by I-II-III mixed mode fracture experiments adopting atypical three point bending specimens. Relative stress intensity factors of crack initiation are calculated by finite element method. Combining with calculated values, the experiment results show that, the mixed mode fracture toughness of the rocks decreases with the increase of temperature. The experimental and calculated results can be used in the design of deep underground engineering or disaster prevention and mitigation engineering.
Path-Independent Ĵ-Integral Based on Finite Deformation Theory
Authors: Liu Zong Min , Mao Ji Ze , Song Hai Yan
Published: September 2013

For a finite deformation body, there are large strains and displacements on the crack tip. So it is necessary to study-integral based on finite deformation theory. Base forces theory is a new theory for describing finite deformation. In this paper, -integral based on base forces theory are presented. This work provides a new theoretical foundation for studying dynamic crack propagation.
The Competition between Adhesive and Cohesive Fracture at Amicro-Patterned Polymer-Metal Interface
Authors: van der Sluis Olaf , Remmers Joris J.C. , Thurlings M.A.C. , Welling B.J. , Noijen Sander P.M.
Published: September 2013

It is Common Practice for Polymer-Metal Interfaces, Frequently Encountered in Microelec-Tronic Devices, to Improve Adhesion by Surface Roughening or Micro-Patterning. the Competitionbetween Adhesive Fracture and Cohesive Fracture in the Vicinity of a Patterned Interface, i.e., Inter-Face Crack Deﬂection, is One of these Key Mechanisms that Contribute Signiﬁcantly to the Macroscopicadhesion. in this Paper, these Fracture Phenomena are Described Simultaneously by Cohesive Zoneelements with an Exponential Traction-Separation Law (TSL) for the Adhesive Failure and an Initiallyrigid, Exponentially Decaying, TSL for the Cohesive Failure. it is Demonstrated that the Conditions Atwhich Crack Kinking Occurs are Dominated by Fracture Strength Values as Opposed to the Commonlyused Fracture Toughness Values. Experimental Veriﬁcation is Performed by Means of Four Point Bend-Ing Tests on Speciﬁcally Designed Micro-Patterned Polymer-Metal Samples.
Application of Laplacian Operators on Noisy Data to Compute Curvature with Proper Orthogonal Decomposition
Authors: Thiene M. , Galvanetto Ugo , Gherlone Marco , M.H.Aliabadi Ferri
Published: September 2013

Damage detection is a wide field of research and different approaches can be used to monitor structure integrity. Continuous monitoring of critical components is of vital importance to guarantee the safety of a structure. Variations in the dynamic response, in particular the curvature of mode shapes, are considered good indicators of the presence of possible defects. However noise, which often affects data, can lead to an erroneous calculation of the curvature, preventing the location of possible damage. The aim of this paper is to investigate the capability of the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) to overcome noise, computing the curvature of proper orthogonal modes with a modified Laplacian operator. A numerical investigation on a cracked beam is compared to an analytical case present in literature. An extension of the mono-dimensional modified Laplacian scheme is introduced to study also plate-like structures. An experimental application on a vibrating composite plate will be presented in order to validate the numerical model.
Fatigue Crack Growth in Fe Mini-Samples Consolidated by Means of Impact Sintering
Authors: Brynk Tomasz , Romelczyk-Baishya Barbara , Laptiev Anatolii , Tolochyn Oleksandr , Pakiela Zbigniew
Published: September 2013

The paper presents the results of fatigue crack growth rate test of iron sinters. The samples were produced by means of the impact sintering. Applied production method allowed to obtain dense sinters with fine grain size resulted from large shear strains. Due to the limited size of the final products the mechanical tests were carried out in mini-samples. Optical, non-contact method of displacement measurement, namely Digital Image Correlation (DIC), was applied for determination of the displacement fields near the crack tip at the maximal force of selected loading cycles. The results of DIC measurement were utilized in the calculations of stress intensity factors and crack tip coordinates by means of the iterative procedure based on inverse method. These parameters were used for measuring crack development rate. There were investigated two types of materials produced by the consolidation of two different kinds of Fe powders and sintered in different temperatures. The results of crack growth rate tests were correlated with the microstructure changes, as well as yield and ultimate strength of the materials.
Giga-Cycle Property of a New Age-Hardened Aluminium Alloy Containing Excess Solute Magnesium
Authors: Takahashi Yoshimasa , Yoshitake Hiroaki , Shikama Takahiro , Noguchi Hiroshi , Takuma Masanori
Published: September 2013

The giga-cycle property of a newly developed Al alloy, which contains 0.5wt.% excess Mg solute compared to a standard age-hardened 6061 alloy (6061-T6), was investigated by using smooth specimens subjected to ultrasonic fatigue. The fatigue strength of the new alloy was higher than that of a normal 6061 alloy particularly at relatively low stress amplitude level. Several analyses (surface crack observation, fractography, FIB cross-sectioning, etc.) were also conducted to reveal the micro-mechanism of the observed strength properties. The following results were obtained: i) No fatigue limit was confirmed for both 6061 and new alloy. ii) Total life (Nf) of 6061 and new alloys was determined by a single fatigue crack initiated from a surface PSB crack. iii) Crack initiation resistance defined by N25 (number of cycles to reach ρ = 25 mm-2, where ρ is the PSB crack number density) for new alloy was higher than that of 6061. iv) The higher fatigue strength of new alloy was explained by the effect of excess Mg solute which increased the resistance against the formation of PSB cracks.
Recrystallization Technique of Plastic and High Strain Zones and Fracture in Small Punch Specimen Loaded at Rt and 77K of 304 Stainless Steel
Authors: Iino Y. , Yu Hyu Sun , Kim T.Y. , Chung S.H.
Published: September 2013

Plastic zone with equivalent plastic strain ε above 0.02 PZ0.02 and that above 0.12 PZ0.12 in 304 stainless steel small punch specimen loaded at RT and 77K to various level to fracture were measured by the recrystallization technique. Martensite transformation was also checked magnetically. It is found that the behaviour of both PZ0.02 and PZ 0.12 is at first stretching mode, then stretching and bending mode and then stretching mode. PZ0.02 and PZ0.12 propagated to the clamped region of the specimen.
Detailed Crack-Tip Stress Field Description in a Specimen Subjected to Mixed-Mode Loading
Authors: Šestáková Lucie
Published: September 2013

A mixed-mode cracked configuration is investigated using the multi-parameter fracture mechanics concept based on the analytical description of the stress/displacement field near a crack tip by means of the Williams series expansion. It is shown that using only one (singular) parameter as it is usual for brittle materials is not sufficient if the accurate stress distribution also further from the crack tip shall be known. Tangential stress distribution in various distances from the crack tip is presented and importance of the higher-order terms of the Williams expansion emphasized. Moreover, initial crack propagation direction is investigated by means of the MTS criterion and utilization of its generalized form is discussed.