bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MENGENAL PENYAKIT HEMOLITIK PADA BAYI BARU LAHIR
Authors: Arosa Feri
Published: August 2018

Â Karya tulis ini berjudul â€œMengenal Penyakit Hemolitik Pada Bayi Baru Lahirâ€. Dalam penyusunannya, karya tulis ini menggunakan metode studi pustaka yang bersifat teoritis melalui pengkajian literatur yang berhubungan dengan masalah yang diteliti. Hemolitik pada bayi yang baru lahir disebut juga erytroblastosis fetalis adalah penyakit anemia hemolitik akut yang disebabkan oleh anti-D. Adapun pengertian lainnya mengenai HDN yaitu proses penghancuran sel darah merah bayi yang berpotensi mengancam nyawa janin atau bayi yang baru lahir. Gejala yang biasanya terjadi yaitu cairan ketuban berwarna kuning dan mengandung bilirubin, pembesaran hati, limpa, dan penumpukkan cairan di perut janin, sekitar paru-paru atau di kulit kepala, penyakit kuning, anemia, dan Hyperbilirubinemia. Pengobatan hemolitik pada bayi yang baru lahir dapat dilakukan dengan cara transfusi tukar, transfusi intra uterin, foto terapi, dan plasma pheresis. Pencegahan yang dilakukan untuk memperkecil kemungkinan bayi mengalami HDN, yaitu dengan melakukan tes darah atau dengan menyuntikan Imunoglobulin anti-D kepada ibu Rh negatif selambat-lambatnya 72 jam setelah melahirkan dengan dosis 300 ug.
PENGARUH LATIHAN SKIPPING TERHADAP PENINGKATAN CARDIOVASCULAR ENDURANCE PADA ANAK USIA SEKOLAH 10-12 TAHUN DI SDN PLUMBON 02 KECAMATAN SURUH KABUPATEN SEMARANG
Authors: Rahmawati Silvia , Budiyati Budiyati , Indriyawati Nina
Published: August 2018

[THEÂ INFLUENCEÂ OFÂ SKIPPINGÂ EXCERSICEÂ TOÂ INCREASEDÂ CARDIOVASCULARÂ ENDURANCEÂ ONÂ SCHOOLÂ AGEÂ CHILDRENÂ 10-12Â YEARSÂ Â INÂ ELEMENTARYÂ SCHOOLÂ PLUMBONÂ 02Â SURUHÂ SUBÂ â€“DISTRICTÂ SEMARANGÂ REGENCY]Â TheÂ currentÂ phenomena,Â manyÂ childrenÂ andÂ parentsÂ whoÂ ignoreÂ theÂ importanceÂ ofÂ sportsÂ toÂ physicalÂ fitnessÂ andÂ enduranceÂ ofÂ theÂ heart.Â CardiovascularÂ enduraceÂ whichÂ willÂ bothÂ improveÂ theÂ workingÂ abilitiesÂ ofÂ theÂ childÂ withÂ greaterÂ intensityÂ andÂ longerÂ withoutÂ fatigue.Â TheÂ purposeÂ ofÂ thisÂ researchÂ wasÂ toÂ describeÂ theÂ influenceÂ ofÂ skippingÂ exerciseÂ toÂ increasedÂ cardiovascularÂ enduranceÂ onÂ schoolÂ ageÂ childrenÂ 10-12Â years.TheÂ typeÂ ofÂ researchÂ usedÂ wasÂ pre-experimentalÂ researchÂ designsÂ withÂ oneÂ groupÂ pre-postÂ test.Â TheÂ sampleÂ consistsÂ ofÂ 21Â childrenÂ ofÂ schoolÂ ageÂ 10Â â€“Â 12Â yearsÂ old.Â TheÂ entireÂ sampleÂ wasÂ givenÂ skippingÂ workoutsÂ asÂ muchÂ asÂ 8Â timesÂ withinÂ 10Â minutesÂ ofÂ eachÂ meetingÂ andÂ implementedÂ inÂ theÂ morningÂ betweenÂ 07.00Â â€“Â 09.00Â pm.Â TheÂ implementationÂ ofÂ theÂ pre-andÂ postÂ test-testÂ usingÂ RockportÂ WalkingÂ FitnessÂ TestÂ toÂ assessÂ cardiovaskularÂ endurance.Â TheÂ resultsÂ ofÂ theÂ analysisÂ ofÂ simpleÂ pairedÂ t-testÂ showedÂ thatÂ thereÂ isÂ aÂ differenceÂ betweenÂ dataÂ pre-andÂ postÂ test-testÂ withÂ pÂ valueÂ =Â 0000.Â ThereÂ wasÂ anÂ influenceÂ ofÂ skippingÂ exerciseÂ toÂ increasedÂ cardiovascularÂ enduranceÂ onÂ schoolÂ ageÂ childrenÂ 10-12Â years.Â
‘What happens after saying no?’ Egyptian Uprisings and Afterwords in Basma Abdel Aziz'sThe Queueand Omar Robert Hamilton'sThe City Always Wins
Authors: Moore Lindsey
Published: August 2018

This article compares two creative continuations to the 2011–13 Egyptian uprisings: Basma Abdel Aziz's dystopian novel The Queue (Melville House, 2016; al-Tābour, 2013) and Omar Robert Hamilton's semi-autobiographical fiction The City Always Wins (Faber & Faber, 2017). These two novels, written in the bitter aftermath of Egypt's spectacular twenty-first century revolts, share a morbid tonality and concomitantly sceptical outlook toward representation, despite their different generic affiliations. They nevertheless both gamble on the performative potential of creative fiction. In the context of an ostensibly failed revolution, we need to ask what kinds of reader response are evoked by literary diagnoses of the present that flirt with alexithymia (the inability to describe feeling); in other words, how a counterfuturistic afterwardly aspires to be productive. I argue that these two novels, as afterwords on a revolution, animate a tensile present that sediments a century of thwarted popular aspirations, enfolds critical temporalities, and resists closure. The article uses the concepts of achrony and ‘robbed time’ to define the afterwardly as creative, counter-textual provocation – skirmishes that continually reterritorialise the political and material ground.
Corn Forage Yield and Quality for Silage in Short Growing Season Areas of the Canadian Prairies
Authors: Guyader Jessie , Baron Vern S. , Beauchemin Karen A.
Published: August 2018

The development of short-season hybrids has made corn (Zea mays L.) silage (CS) production possible in cooler areas. This work aimed at determining biomass yield and nutritive quality of short-season corn CS hybrids. Six corn hybrids were grown in three years at four locations within the Canadian prairies with four field replications. Hybrids were harvested before occurrence of frost at a target dry matter (DM) content of 300 to 400 g kg−1. Corn heat units (CHU) from seeding to harvesting (CHUseed-harv) and water supply were recorded. Samples were analysed for nutrient content; i.e., DM, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), crude protein (CP), starch, and in vitro DM and NDF digestibilities (48 h incubation). Then, CHUseed-harv, water supply, whole plant DM, CHU rating of the hybrid, and cob percentage were assessed as predictors of nutrient content. Location, hybrid, and year affected nutrient composition and yield. Overall, CP and NDF were positively correlated (r = 0.48, p < 0.01), but both were negatively correlated with DM yield (r = −0.63, −0.28, p < 0.01) and starch (both r = 0.71, p < 0.01). Within and among locations, CHUseed-harv differently affected nutrient composition and DM yield. However, DM yield was the most predictable factor (R2 = 0.86) with CHUseed-harv being the strongest contributor (48%) to the overall variability, followed by water supply (23%). Whole plant DM and CHUseed-harv were also good predictors of starch (R2 = 0.54). This work showed the high variability of biomass yield and nutritive quality of short-season CS hybrids grown in Northern areas.
The Nutritional Content of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Landraces in Comparison to Modern Varieties
Authors: Celmeli Tugce , Sari Hatice , Canci Huseyin , Sari Duygu , Adak Alper , Eker Tuba , Toker Cengiz
Published: August 2018

In terms of safe food and a healthy food supply, beans (Phaseolus spp.) are a significant source of protein, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals especially for poor populations throughout the world. They are also rich in unsaturated fatty acids, such as linoleic and oleic acids. From the past to the present, a large number of breeding studies to increase bean yield, especially the common bean (P. vulgaris L.), have resulted in the registration of many modern varieties, although quality and flavor traits in the modern varieties have been mostly ignored. The aim of the present study, therefore, was to compare protein, fat, fatty acid, and some mineral content such as selenium (Se), zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) of landraces to modern varieties. The landrace LR05 had higher mineral contents, particularly Se and Zn, and protein than the modern varieties. The landrace LR11 had the highest linoleic acid. The landraces are grown by farmers in small holdings for dual uses, such as both dry seed and snap bean production, and are commercialized with a higher cash price. The landraces of the common bean are, not only treasures that need to be guarded for the future, but also important genetic resources that can be used in bean breeding programs. The results of this study suggest that landraces are essential sources of important nutritional components for food security and a healthy food supply.
Experimental Study of Extracting Weak Infrared Signals of Rock Induced by Cyclic Loading under the Strong Interference Background
Authors: Huang Jianwei , Liu Shanjun , Ni Qiang , Mao Wenfei , Gao Xiang
Published: August 2018

To understand the possibility of monitoring the crustal stress and tectonic activities via satellite remote sensing technology, an experimental study focused on the thermal infrared variation was performed for cyclic loaded rock in the outdoor condition with two types of strong interference background. The stress-induced infrared radiation was extracted using wavelet analysis. The results showed that due to the significant effect of the ambient temperature, the weak stress-induced infrared signal was indistinguishable from the original infrared radiation. However, after wavelet decomposition, the infrared radiation concurrent with the change in stress became clear, and the correlation coefficient with the stress increased significantly with the value of 0.91 after decomposition. Additionally, the amplitude of the extracted stress-induced infrared signal was close to the theoretical result, indicating that the wavelet analysis method can extract the weak infrared signals induced by cyclic loading in the background of strong interference to some degree. The results provide an experimental basis and ideas for monitoring crustal stress and tectonic activities using thermal infrared remote sensing.
Impact of Load Variation on the Accuracy of Gait Recognition from Surface EMG Signals
Authors: Zhang Xianfu , Sun Shouqian , Li Chao , Tang Zhichuan
Published: August 2018

As lower-limb exoskeleton and prostheses are developed to become smarter and to deploy man–machine collaboration, accurate gait recognition is crucial, as it contributes to the realization of real-time control. Many researchers choose surface electromyogram (sEMG) signals to recognize the gait and control the lower-limb exoskeleton (or prostheses). However, several factors still affect its applicability, of which variation in the loads is an essential one. This study aims to (1) investigate the effect of load variation on gait recognition; and to (2) discuss whether a lower-limb exoskeleton control system trained by sEMG from different loads works well in multi-load applications. In our experiment, 10 male college students were selected to walk on a treadmill at three different speeds (V3 = 3 km/h, V5 = 5 km/h, and V7 = 7 km/h) with four different loads (L0 = 0, L20 = 20%, L30 = 30%, L40 = 40% of body weight, respectively), and 50 gait cycles were performed. Back propagation neural networks (BPNNs) were used for gait recognition, and a support vector machine (SVM) and k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) were used for comparison. The result showed that (1) load variation has significant effects on the accuracy of gait recognition (p < 0.05) under the three speeds when the loads range in L0, L20, L30, or L40, but no significant impact is found when the loads range in L0, L20, or L30. The least significant difference (LSD) post hoc, which can explore all possible pair-wise comparisons of means that comprise a factor using the equivalent of multiple t-tests, reveals that there is a significant difference between the L40 load and the other three loads (L0, L20, L30), but no significant difference was found among the L0, L20, and L30 loads. The total mean accuracy of gait recognition of the intra-loads and inter-loads was 91.81%, and 69.42%, respectively. (2) When the training data was taken from more types of loads, a higher accuracy in gait recognition was obtained at each speed, and the statistical analysis shows that there was a substantial influence for the kinds of loads in the training set on the gait recognition accuracy (p < 0.001). It can be concluded that an exoskeleton (or prosthesis) control system that is trained in a single load or the parts of loads is insufficient in the face of multi-load applications.
Potential of RCCI Series Hybrid Vehicle Architecture to Meet the Future CO2 Targets with Low Engine-Out Emissions
Authors: Benajes Jesús , García Antonio , Monsalve-Serrano Javier , Sari Rafael
Published: August 2018

Reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) combustion has been shown to provide simultaneous ultra-low NOx and soot emissions with similar or better thermal efficiencies than conventional diesel combustion (CDC). Nonetheless, RCCI still has several challenges that restrict its operating range and limit its practical application. The dual-mode operation, which involves switching between different combustion modes, has been found as a promising alternative to operation in the whole engine map. However, the combustion mode switching requires difficult engine control, particularly during transient operation. The series hybrid vehicle (SHV) architecture allows the thermal engine to operate in a limited operating range by decoupling it from the drivetrain. Therefore, it could be an interesting alternative to the dual-mode concept. This work explores the potential of the RCCI series hybrid vehicle architecture to provide low engine-out emissions and CO2 by means of vehicle systems simulations. The results show the influence of the main parameters and control strategies of the SHV vehicle on its efficiency and emissions under different driving cycles. Finally, the optimal RCCI-SHV configuration is compared to CDC and dual-mode combustion strategies, confirming its potential as a future vehicle architecture for high efficiency and low emissions.
Approaches to Game Fiction Derived from Musicals and Pornography
Authors: Summerley Rory K.
Published: August 2018

This paper discusses the construction of consistent fictions in games using relevant theory drawn from discussions of musicals and pornography in opposition to media that are traditionally associated with fiction and used to discuss games (film, theatre, literature etc.). Game developer John Carmack’s famous quip that stories in games are like stories in pornography—optional—is the impetus for a discussion of the role and function of fiction in games. This paper aims to kick-start an informed approach to constructing and understanding consistent fictions in games. Case studies from games, musicals, and pornography are cross-examined to identify what is common to each practice with regards to their fictions (or lack thereof) and how they might inform the analysis of games going forward. To this end the terms ‘integrated’, ‘separated’, and ‘dissolved’ are borrowed from Dyer’s work on musicals, which was later employed by Linda Williams to discusses pornographic fictions. A framework is laid out by which games (and other media) can be understood as a mix of different types of information and how the arrangement of this information in a given work might classify it under Dyer’s terms and help us understand the ways in which a game fiction is considered consistent or not.
Traffic-Related Particulate Matter and Cardiometabolic Syndrome: A Review
Authors: Ahmed C. M. Sabbir , Jiang Huanhuan , Chen Jin Y. , Lin Ying-Hsuan
Published: August 2018

Traffic-related particulate matter (PM) is a major source of outdoor air pollution worldwide. It has been recently hypothesized to cause cardiometabolic syndrome, including cardiovascular dysfunction, obesity, and diabetes. The environmental and toxicological factors involved in the processes, and the detailed mechanisms remain to be explored. The objective of this study is to assess the current scientific evidence of traffic-related PM-induced cardiometabolic syndrome. We conducted a literature review by searching the keywords of “traffic related air pollution”, “particulate matter”, “human health”, and “metabolic syndrome” from 1980 to 2018. This resulted in 25 independent research studies for the final review. Both epidemiological and toxicological findings reveal consistent correlations between traffic-related PM exposure and the measured cardiometabolic health endpoints. Smaller sizes of PM, particularly ultrafine particles, are shown to be more harmful due to their greater concentrations, reactive compositions, longer lung retention, and bioavailability. The active components in traffic-related PM could be attributed to metals, black carbon, elemental carbon, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and diesel exhaust particles. Existing evidence points out that the development of cardiometabolic symptoms can occur through chronic systemic inflammation and increased oxidative stress. The elderly (especially for women), children, genetically susceptible individuals, and people with pre-existing conditions are identified as vulnerable groups. To advance the characterization of the potential health risks of traffic-related PM, additional research is needed to investigate the detailed chemical compositions of PM constituents, atmospheric transformations, and the mode of action to induce adverse health effects. Furthermore, we recommend that future studies could explore the roles of genetic and epigenetic factors in influencing cardiometabolic health outcomes by integrating multi-omics approaches (e.g., genomics, epigenomics, and transcriptomics) to provide a comprehensive assessment of biological perturbations caused by traffic-related PM.
Application of Laboratory Atomic Physics to Some Significant Stellar Chemical Composition Questions
Authors: Sneden Christopher , Lawler James E. , Wood Michael P.
Published: August 2018

This brief review highlights some current issues in Galactic stellar nucleosynthesis, and some recent laboratory studies by the Wisconsin atomic physics group that have direct application to stellar spectroscopy to advance our understanding of the chemical evolution of our Galaxy. The relevant publication history of the lab studies are summarized, and investigations into the abundances of neutron-capture and iron-peak elements in low metallicity stars are described. Finally, new initiatives in near-infrared spectroscopy are briefly explored.
Surface Plasmon Resonance Optical Sensor: A Review on Light Source Technology
Authors: Prabowo Briliant , Purwidyantri Agnes , Liu Kou-Chen
Published: August 2018

The notion of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor research emerged more than eight decades ago from the first observed phenomena in 1902 until the first introduced principles for gas sensing and biosensing in 1983. The sensing platform has been hand-in-hand with the plethora of sensing technology advancement including nanostructuring, optical technology, fluidic technology, and light source technology, which contribute to substantial progress in SPR sensor evolution. Nevertheless, the commercial products of SPR sensors in the market still require high-cost investment, component, and operation, leading to unaffordability for their implementation in a low-cost point of care (PoC) or laboratories. In this article, we present a comprehensive review of SPR sensor development including the state of the art from a perspective of light source technology trends. Based on our review, the trend of SPR sensor configurations, as well as its methodology and optical designs are strongly influenced by the development of light source technology as a critical component. These simultaneously offer new underlying principles of SPR sensor towards miniaturization, portability, and disposability features. The low-cost solid-state light source technology, such as laser diode, light-emitting diode (LED), organic light emitting diode (OLED) and smartphone display have been reported as proof of concept for the future of low-cost SPR sensor platforms. Finally, this review provides a comprehensive overview, particularly for SPR sensor designers, including emerging engineers or experts in this field.
A Closer Look into the Role of Protein Tau in the Identification of Promising Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Islam Khan Rubayat , Nirzhor Saif Shahriar Rahman , Rashid Barnaly
Published: August 2018

One of the most commonly known chronic neurodegenerative disorders, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), manifests the common type of dementia in 60–80% of cases. From a clinical standpoint, a patent cognitive decline and a severe change in personality, as caused by a loss of neurons, is usually evident in AD with about 50 million people affected in 2016. The disease progression in patients is distinguished by a gradual plummet in cognitive functions, eliciting symptoms such as memory loss, and eventually requiring full-time medical care. From a histopathological standpoint, the defining characteristics are intracellular aggregations of hyper-phosphorylated tau protein, known as neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), and depositions of amyloid β-peptides (Aβ) in the brain. The abnormal phosphorylation of tau protein is attributed to a wide gamut of neurological disorders known as tauopathies. In addition to the hyperphosphorylated tau lesions, neuroinflammatory processes could occur in a sustained manner through astro-glial activation, resulting in the disease progression. Recent findings have suggested a strong interplay between the mechanism of Tau phosphorylation, disruption of microtubules, and synaptic loss and pathology of AD. The mechanisms underlying these interactions along with their respective consequences in Tau pathology are still ill-defined. Thus, in this review: (1) we highlight the interplays existing between Tau pathology and AD; and (2) take a closer look into its role while identifying some promising therapeutic advances including state of the art imaging techniques.
p53 Isoforms and Their Implications in Cancer
Authors: Vieler Maximilian , Sanyal Suparna
Published: August 2018

In this review we focus on the major isoforms of the tumor-suppressor protein p53, dysfunction of which often leads to cancer. Mutations of the TP53 gene, particularly in the DNA binding domain, have been regarded as the main cause for p53 inactivation. However, recent reports demonstrating abundance of p53 isoforms, especially the N-terminally truncated ones, in the cancerous tissues suggest their involvement in carcinogenesis. These isoforms are ∆40p53, ∆133p53, and ∆160p53 (the names indicate their respective N-terminal truncation). Due to the lack of structural and functional characterizations the modes of action of the p53 isoforms are still unclear. Owing to the deletions in the functional domains, these isoforms can either be defective in DNA binding or more susceptive to altered ‘responsive elements’ than p53. Furthermore, they may exert a ‘dominant negative effect’ or induce more aggressive cancer by the ‘gain of function’. One possible mechanism of p53 inactivation can be through tetramerization with the ∆133p53 and ∆160p53 isoforms—both lacking part of the DNA binding domain. A recent report and unpublished data from our laboratory also suggest that these isoforms may inactivate p53 by fast aggregation—possibly due to ectopic overexpression. We further discuss the evolutionary significance of the p53 isoforms.
miRNA-205 Nanoformulation Sensitizes Prostate Cancer Cells to Chemotherapy
Authors: Nagesh Prashanth K. B. , Chowdhury Pallabita , Hatami Elham , Boya Vijaya K. N. , Kashyap Vivek K. , Khan Sheema , Hafeez Bilal B. , Chauhan Subhash C. , Jaggi Meena , Yallapu Murali M.
Published: August 2018

The therapeutic application of microRNA(s) in the field of cancer has generated significant attention in research. Previous studies have shown that miR-205 negatively regulates prostate cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance. However, the delivery of miR-205 is an unmet clinical need. Thus, the development of a viable nanoparticle platform to deliver miR-205 is highly sought. A novel magnetic nanoparticle (MNP)-based nanoplatform composed of an iron oxide core with poly(ethyleneimine)-poly(ethylene glycol) layer(s) was developed. An optimized nanoplatform composition was confirmed by examining the binding profiles of MNPs with miR-205 using agarose gel and fluorescence methods. The novel formulation was applied to prostate cancer cells for evaluating cellular uptake, miR-205 delivery, and anticancer, antimetastasis, and chemosensitization potentials against docetaxel treatment. The improved uptake and efficacy of formulations were studied with confocal imaging, flow cytometry, proliferation, clonogenicity, Western blot, q-RT-PCR, and chemosensitization assays. Our findings demonstrated that the miR-205 nanoplatform induces significant apoptosis and enhancing chemotherapeutic effects in prostate cancer cells. Overall, these study results provide a strong proof-of-concept for a novel nonviral-based nanoparticle protocol for effective microRNA delivery to prostate cancer cells.
A Multicenter Study to Assess EGFR Mutational Status in Plasma: Focus on an Optimized Workflow for Liquid Biopsy in a Clinical Setting
Authors: Sorber Laure , Zwaenepoel Karen , De Winne Koen , Van Casteren Kaat , Augustus Elien , Jacobs Julie , Zhang Xiang Hua , Galdermans Daniëlla , De Droogh Els , Lefebure Anneke , Morel Ann-Marie , Saenen Erika , Bustin Frédérique , Demedts Ingel , Himpe Ulrike , Pieters Thierry , Germonpré Paul , Derijcke Sofie , Deschepper Koen , Van Meerbeeck Jan P. , Rolfo Christian , Pauwels Patrick
Published: August 2018

A multicenter study was performed to determine an optimal workflow for liquid biopsy in a clinical setting. In total, 549 plasma samples from 234 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients were collected. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) circulating cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA) mutational analysis was performed using digital droplet PCR (ddPCR). The influence of (pre-) analytical variables on ctDNA analysis was investigated. Sensitivity of ctDNA analysis was influenced by an interplay between increased plasma volume (p < 0.001) and short transit time (p = 0.018). Multistep, high-speed centrifugation both increased plasma generation (p < 0.001) and reduced genomic DNA (gDNA) contamination. Longer transit time increased the risk of hemolysis (p < 0.001) and low temperatures were shown to have a negative effect. Metastatic sites were found to be strongly associated with ctDNA detection (p < 0.001), as well as allele frequency (p = 0.034). Activating mutations were detected in a higher concentration and allele frequency compared to the T790M mutation (p = 0.003, and p = 0.002, respectively). Optimization of (pre-) analytical variables is key to successful ctDNA analysis. Sufficient plasma volumes without hemolysis or gDNA contamination can be achieved by using multistep, high-speed centrifugation, coupled with short transit time and temperature regulation. Metastatic site location influenced ctDNA detection. Finally, ctDNA levels might have further value in detecting resistance mechanisms.
Three-Dimensional In Vitro Hydro- and Cryogel-Based Cell-Culture Models for the Study of Breast-Cancer Metastasis to Bone
Authors: Bray Laura J. , Secker Constanze , Murekatete Berline , Sievers Jana , Binner Marcus , Welzel Petra B. , Werner Carsten
Published: August 2018

Bone is the most common site for breast-cancer invasion and metastasis, and it causes severe morbidity and mortality. A greater understanding of the mechanisms leading to bone-specific metastasis could improve therapeutic strategies and thus improve patient survival. While three-dimensional in vitro culture models provide valuable tools to investigate distinct heterocellular and environmental interactions, sophisticated organ-specific metastasis models are lacking. Previous models used to investigate breast-to-bone metastasis have relied on 2.5D or singular-scaffold methods, constraining the in situ mimicry of in vitro models. Glycosaminoglycan-based gels have demonstrated outstanding potential for tumor-engineering applications. Here, we developed advanced biphasic in vitro microenvironments that mimic breast-tumor tissue (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 in a hydrogel) spatially separated with a mineralized bone construct (human primary osteoblasts in a cryogel). These models allow distinct advantages over former models due to the ability to observe and manipulate cellular migration towards a bone construct. The gels allow for the binding of adhesion-mediating peptides and controlled release of signaling molecules. Moreover, mechanical and architectural properties can be tuned to manipulate cell function. These results demonstrate the utility of these biomimetic microenvironment models to investigate heterotypic cell–cell and cell–matrix communications in cancer migration to bone.
Visceral Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome Are Associated with Well-Differentiated Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Santos Ana P. , Santos Ana C. , Castro Clara , Raposo Luís , Pereira Sofia S. , Torres Isabel , Henrique Rui , Cardoso Helena , Monteiro Mariana P.
Published: August 2018

The determinants for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NET) recent burden are matters of debate. Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are well established risks for several cancers even though no link with GEP-NETs was yet established. Our aim in this study was to investigate whether well-differentiated GEP-NETs were associated with obesity and MetS. Patients with well-differentiated GEP-NETs (n = 96) were cross-matched for age, gender, and district of residence with a control group (n = 96) derived from the general population in a case-control study. Patients presented gastro-intestinal (75.0%) or pancreatic (22.9%) tumors, grade G1 (66.7%) or G2 (27.1%) with localized disease (31.3%), regional metastasis (16.7%) or distant metastasis (43.8%) at diagnosis, and 45.8% had clinical hormonal syndromes. MetS was defined according to Joint Interim Statement (JIS) criteria. Well-differentiated GEP-NETs were associated with MetS criteria as well as the individual components’ waist circumference, fasting triglycerides, and fasting plasma glucose (p = 0.003, p = 0.002, p = 0.011 and p < 0.001, respectively). The likelihood of the association was higher when the number of individual MetS components was greater than four. MetS and some individual MetS components including visceral obesity, dyslipidemia, and increased fasting glucose are associated with well-differentiated GEP-NET. This data provides a novel insight in unraveling the mechanisms leading to GEP-NET disease.
Photocatalytic Antibacterial Effectiveness of Cu-Doped TiO2 Thin Film Prepared via the Peroxo Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Moongraksathum Benjawan , Shang Jun-Ya , Chen Yu-Wen
Published: August 2018

Cu-doped titanium dioxide thin films (Cu/TiO2) were prepared on glass substrate via peroxo sol-gel method and dip-coating process with no subsequent calcination process for the degradation of organic dye and use as an antibacterial agent. The as-prepared materials were characterised using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). For photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue in water, the samples were subjected to Ultraviolet C (UVC) and visible light irradiation. Degraded methylene blue concentration was measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The antibacterial activities of the samples were tested against the gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (ATCC25922). Copper species were present in the form of CuO on the surface of modified TiO2 particles, which was confirmed using TEM and XPS. The optimal observed Cu/TiO2 weight ratio of 0.5 represents the highest photocatalytic activities under both UVC and visible light irradiation. Moreover, the same composition remarkably exhibited high antibacterial effectiveness against E. coli after illumination with ultraviolet A. The presence of CuO on TiO2 significantly enhanced photocatalytic activities. Therefore, active Cu-doped TiO2 can be used as a multipurpose coating material.
In-Situ Deposition of Plasmonic Gold Nanotriangles and Nanoprisms onto Layered Hydroxides for Full-Range Photocatalytic Response towards the Selective Reduction of p-Nitrophenol
Authors: Graus Javier , Bueno-Alejo Carlos J. , Hueso Jose L.
Published: August 2018

In this work, we present photocatalysis as a greener alternative to conventional catalysis where harsh reaction conditions, temperature and/or pressure are needed. Photodegradation of organic pollutants is a cost-effective, eco-friendly solution for the decontamination of water and air, and is a field that has been continuously growing over the last decade. Plasmonic metal nanoparticles absorb light irradiation that is transferred to the chemical reaction in a different fashion. Furthermore, plasmonic nanostructures can be combined with other materials, such as semiconductors or a basic support, to create hybrid systems capable of overcoming certain challenges that photocatalysis is facing nowadays and to expand the photocatalytic response towards the whole visible-near infrared (Vis-NIR) ranges. The main objective of this work has been to in-situ synthesize plasmonic anisotropic gold nanoparticles onto hydrotalcite (HT) and calcined hydrotalcite (CHT) supports by way of a sequential deposition-reduction (DR) process and to evaluate their efficiency as heterogeneous catalysts towards the selective oxidation of p-nitrophenol (hereafter 4-NP), a well-known model contaminant, either in the absence or the presence of full-range light irradiation sources (LEDs) spanning the whole UV-Vis-NIR range. Special attention has been paid to the optimization of the catalyst preparation parameters, including the pH and the concentration of reducing and stabilizing agents. Interestingly, the use of thermally modified hydrotalcites has enabled a strong metal-support interaction to induce the preferential formation of triangular-shaped Au nanoparticles with ca. 0.8 wt.% loading while increasing the colloidal stability and surface area of the catalyst with respect to the commercial untreated HT supports.
TiO2 Photocatalyzed C–H Bond Transformation for C–C Coupling Reactions
Authors: Wang Yi , Liu Anan , Ma Dongge , Li Shuhong , Lu Chichong , Li Tao , Chen Chuncheng
Published: August 2018

Fulfilling the direct inert C–H bond functionalization of raw materials that are earth-abundant and commercially available for the synthesis of diverse targeted organic compounds is very desirable and its implementation would mean a great reduction of the synthetic steps required for substrate prefunctionalization such as halogenation, borylation, and metalation. Successful C–H bond functionalization mainly resorts to homogeneous transition-metal catalysis, albeit sometimes suffering from poor catalyst reusability, nontrivial separation, and severe biotoxicity. TiO2 photocatalysis displays multifaceted advantages, such as strong oxidizing ability, high chemical stability and photostability, excellent reusability, and low biotoxicity. The chemical reactions started and delivered by TiO2 photocatalysts are well known to be widely used in photocatalytic water-splitting, organic pollutant degradation, and dye-sensitized solar cells. Recently, TiO2 photocatalysis has been demonstrated to possess the unanticipated ability to trigger the transformation of inert C–H bonds for C–C, C–N, C–O, and C–X bond formation under ultraviolet light, sunlight, and even visible-light irradiation at room temperature. A few important organic products, traditionally synthesized in harsh reaction conditions and with specially functionalized group substrates, are continuously reported to be realized by TiO2 photocatalysis with simple starting materials under very mild conditions. This prominent advantage—the capability of utilizing cheap and readily available compounds for highly selective synthesis without prefunctionalized reactants such as organic halides, boronates, silanes, etc.—is attributed to the overwhelmingly powerful photo-induced hole reactivity of TiO2 photocatalysis, which does not require an elevated reaction temperature as in conventional transition-metal catalysis. Such a reaction mechanism, under typically mild conditions, is apparently different from traditional transition-metal catalysis and beyond our insights into the driving forces that transform the C–H bond for C–C bond coupling reactions. This review gives a summary of the recent progress of TiO2 photocatalytic C–H bond activation for C–C coupling reactions and discusses some model examples, especially under visible-light irradiation.
Agonist-Biased Signaling via Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Promotes Extracellular Matrix Remodeling
Authors: Qorri Bessi , Kalaydina Regina-Veronicka , Velickovic Aleksandra , Kaplya Yekaterina , Decarlo Alexandria , Szewczuk Myron R.
Published: August 2018

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a highly dynamic noncellular structure that is crucial for maintaining tissue architecture and homeostasis. The dynamic nature of the ECM undergoes constant remodeling in response to stressors, tissue needs, and biochemical signals that are mediated primarily by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which work to degrade and build up the ECM. Research on MMP-9 has demonstrated that this proteinase exists on the cell surface of many cell types in complex with G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) or Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Through a novel yet ubiquitous signaling platform, MMP-9 is found to play a crucial role not only in the direct remodeling of the ECM but also in the transactivation of associated receptors to mediate and recruit additional remodeling proteins. Here, we summarize the role of MMP-9 as it exists in a tripartite complex on the cell surface and discuss how its association with each of the TrkA receptor, Toll-like receptors, epidermal growth factor receptor, and the insulin receptor contributes to various aspects of ECM remodeling.
The Dual Immunoregulatory function of Nlrp12 in T Cell-Mediated Immune Response: Lessons from Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Gharagozloo Marjan , Mahmoud Shaimaa , Simard Camille , Mahvelati Tara M. , Amrani Abdelaziz , Gris Denis
Published: August 2018

Although the etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) remains enigmatic, the role of T cells is unquestionably central in this pathology. Immune cells respond to pathogens and danger signals via pattern-recognition receptors (PRR). Several reports implicate Nlrp12, an intracellular PRR, in the development of a mouse MS-like disease, called Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE). In this study, we used induced and spontaneous models of EAE, as well as in vitro T cell assays, to test the hypothesis that Nlrp12 inhibits Th1 response and prevents T-cell mediated autoimmunity. We found that Nlrp12 plays a protective role in induced EAE by reducing IFNγ/IL-4 ratio in lymph nodes, whereas it potentiates the development of spontaneous EAE (spEAE) in 2D2 T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice. Looking into the mechanism of Nlrp12 activity in T cell response, we found that it inhibits T cell proliferation and suppresses Th1 response by reducing IFNγ and IL-2 production. Following TCR activation, Nlrp12 inhibits Akt and NF-κB phosphorylation, while it has no effect on S6 phosphorylation in the mTOR pathway. In conclusion, we propose a model that can explain the dual immunoregulatory function of Nlrp12 in EAE. We also propose a model explaining the molecular mechanism of Nlrp12-dependent regulation of T cell response.
Non-Stick Coatings in Aluminium Molds for the Production of Polyurethane Foam
Authors: Sánchez-Urbano Francisco , Paz-Gómez Guillermo , Rodríguez-Alabanda Óscar , Romero Pablo E. , Cabrerizo-Vílchez Miguel , Rodríguez-Valverde Miguel Ángel , Guerrero-Vaca Guillermo
Published: August 2018

The manufacturing of polyurethane foam is a process of great industrial importance in the automotive and furniture sector. The operation of demolding is the most delicate, since the foam sticks firmly to the walls of the mold onto which it has spread. In order to avoid the use of demolding agents, the proposal is to coat the inside of the molds with non-stick coatings. In this work, three types of different coatings were studied: fluoropolymers, ceramics, and elastomers. After carrying out different tests in the laboratory, two fluoropolymer coatings (PFA (perfluoroalkoxy) and PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene)) were selected for a test at the industrial level and, after 1500 cycles of demolding, it was experimentally proven that the PFA coating is the most adequate for the use studied.
1-D versus 2-D Entropy Velocity Law for Water Discharge Assessment in a Rough Ditch
Authors: Greco Michele , Martino Giovanni
Published: August 2018

Water discharge assessment in open channel flow is one of the most crucial issues for hydraulic engineers in the fields of water resource management, river dynamics, ecohydraulics, irrigation, and hydraulic structure design, among others. Recent studies state that the entropy velocity law allows expeditive methodology for discharge estimation and rating curve development due to the simple mathematical formulation and implementation. Many works have been developed based on the one-dimensional (1-D) formulation of the entropy velocity profile, supporting measurements in the lab and the field for rating curve assessment, but in recent years, the two-dimensional (2-D) formulation was proposed and applied in studies of regular ditch flow, showing good performance. The present work deals with a comparison between the 1-D and 2-D approaches in order to give a general framework of threats and opportunities related to the robust operational application of such laws. The analysis was carried out on a laboratory ditch with regular roughness, under controlled boundary conditions, and in different stages, generating an exhaustive dashboard for better appraisal of the approaches.
Fixed-Rate Universal Lossy Source Coding and Model Identification: Connection with Zero-Rate Density Estimation and the Skeleton Estimator
Authors: Silva Jorge F. , Derpich Milan S.
Published: August 2018

This work demonstrates a formal connection between density estimation with a data-rate constraint and the joint objective of fixed-rate universal lossy source coding and model identification introduced by Raginsky in 2008 (IEEE TIT, 2008, 54, 3059–3077). Using an equivalent learning formulation, we derive a necessary and sufficient condition over the class of densities for the achievability of the joint objective. The learning framework used here is the skeleton estimator, a rate-constrained learning scheme that offers achievable results for the joint coding and modeling problem by optimally adapting its learning parameters to the specific conditions of the problem. The results obtained with the skeleton estimator significantly extend the context where universal lossy source coding and model identification can be achieved, allowing for applications that move from the known case of parametric collection of densities with some smoothness and learnability conditions to the rich family of non-parametric L 1 -totally bounded densities. In addition, in the parametric case we are able to remove one of the assumptions that constrain the applicability of the original result obtaining similar performances in terms of the distortion redundancy and per-letter rate overhead.
Rényi Entropy Power Inequalities via Normal Transport and Rotation
Authors: Rioul Olivier
Published: August 2018

Following a recent proof of Shannon’s entropy power inequality (EPI), a comprehensive framework for deriving various EPIs for the Rényi entropy is presented that uses transport arguments from normal densities and a change of variable by rotation. Simple arguments are given to recover the previously known Rényi EPIs and derive new ones, by unifying a multiplicative form with constant c and a modification with exponent α of previous works. In particular, for log-concave densities, we obtain a simple transportation proof of a sharp varentropy bound.
An Infinite-Norm Algorithm for Joystick Kinematic Control of Two-Wheeled Vehicles
Authors: Said Alejandro , Davizón Yasser , Soto Rogelio , Félix-Herrán Carlos , Hernández-Santos Carlos , Espino-Román Piero
Published: August 2018

In this paper, we propose an algorithm based on the mathematical p-norm which has been applied to improve both the traction power and the trajectory smoothness of joystick-controlled two-wheeled vehicles. This algorithm can theoretically supply 100% of available power to each of the actuators if the infinity-norm is used, i.e., when the p-norm tends to infinity. Furthermore, a geometrical model using the radius of curvature has been developed to track the effect of the proposed algorithm on the vehicle’s trajectory. Findings in this research work contribute to the kinematic control and path planning algorithms for vehicles actuated by two wheels, such as tanks and electric wheelchairs, both of vital importance for the security and heath industry. Computer simulations and experiments with a real robot are performed to verify the results.
Design, Development and Implementation of a Weather Station Prototype for Renewable Energy Systems
Authors: Morón Carlos , Diaz Jorge Pablo , Ferrández Daniel , Saiz Pablo
Published: August 2018

The production of energy at the global level is conditioned by the use of fossil fuels that have a great environmental impact. In the last decades, renewable energy production systems have been implemented, and networks of nearly zero-energy buildings have been created, with a consequent complexity in the design phase in order to optimize the results. In this way, electronic prototype development methods like the one that is proposed in this paper improve the tasks of design and modelling. Thus, a new weather station based on an Arduino platform has been developed to collect and store ambient temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure, wind speed and air quality data, comparing the obtained data to those obtained using a validation station containing commercial sensors. The results show how the use of low cost Arduino sensors allow one to obtain similar values to those collected by more professional meteorological stations with insignificant scatter between both technologies.
Adaptive Consensus Algorithm for Distributed Heat-Electricity Energy Management of an Islanded Microgrid
Authors: Dong Xiaofeng , Zhang Xiaoshun , Jiang Tong
Published: August 2018

This paper proposes a novel adaptive consensus algorithm (ACA) for distributed heat-electricity energy management (HEEM) of an islanded microgrid. In order to simultaneously satisfy the heat-electricity energy balance constraints, ACA is implemented with a switch between unified consensus and independent consensus according to the dynamic energy mismatches. The feasible operation region of a combined heat and power (CHP) unit is decomposed into eight searching sub-regions, thus its electricity and heat energy outputs can simultaneously match the incremental cost consensus requirement and the heat-electricity energy balance constraints. Case studies are thoroughly carried out to verify the performance of ACA for distributed HEEM of an islanded microgrid.
A Variable-Structure Multi-Resonant DC–DC Converter with Smooth Switching
Authors: Chen Mengying , Wang Yifeng , Yang Liang , Han Fuqiang , Hou Yuqi , Yan Haiyun
Published: August 2018

In this paper, a variable-structure multi-resonant soft-switching DC–DC converter and its transient smooth control method are proposed. Through the introduction of auxiliary switches, the converter can flexibly adjust its structure among three operating modes. Two switching processes can be obtained. Thus, a wide voltage gain range is achieved within a narrow frequency range. Moreover, to eliminate the large voltage fluctuation during modes switching, a drive signal gradual adjustment control method is proposed. Consequently, smooth switching between different modes can be realized and the voltage fluctuation is suppressed effectively. Finally, a 200 W experimental prototype is established to verify the theoretical analyses. Soft-switching performances for power switches and diodes are both guaranteed. The highest efficiency is 98.2%. With the proposed transient control method, a basically constant 400 V output voltage is ensured within a wide input voltage range (80 V–600 V). In particular, the transient voltage fluctuations during two switching processes decrease from 38.4 V to 10.8 V and from 37.2 V to 8.4 V, respectively.