bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Primary conjunctival myxoma: case series and review of the literature
Authors: Ríos y Valles‐Valles Dolores , Hernández‐Ayuso Ivette , Rodríguez‐Martínez Héctor A , Medina‐Cruz Armando , Salcedo‐Casillas Guillermo , Rodríguez‐Reyes Abelardo A
Published: June 2017

Aims

Myxomas are benign soft tissue tumours resembling primitive mesenchyme. They rarely involve ocular structures, and have been recognized in the conjunctiva, eyelids, cornea, and orbit. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological features of seven patients with primary conjunctival myxoma seen at Dr Luis Sánchez Bulnes Hospital, an ophthalmological referral centre in Mexico City.

Methods and results

We reviewed the clinical, histochemical and immunohistochemical studies of patients with documented myxoma of the conjunctiva diagnosed in our hospital. Seven conjunctival myxomas were retrieved from 5923 conjunctival biopsies (0.1%). The mean age of patients was 40 years, with a range of 27–51 years. Females were more frequently affected, and none of our patients had systemic disease. The left eye was involved in five cases, and most of the lesions were located in the bulbar conjunctiva. Histopathological examination revealed a benign tumour composed of spindle‐shaped and stellate‐shaped cells immersed within an abundant mucinous matrix with sparse vessels and reticulin fibres. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated positivity for vimentin and negativity for smooth muscle actin, SOX10 and GLUT1 in myxoma cells of all cases. S100 was found to be positive in four cases, and muscle‐specific‐actin in three cases.

Conclusions

Conjunctival myxomas are uncommon tumours. For accurate diagnosis, histopathological examination is mandatory. The treatment of choice is surgical removal, and the prognosis is excellent.
Carbon encapsulated Fe3O4 nanospheres with high electrochemical performance as anode materials for Li‐ion battery
Authors: Xu Jiliang , Zhang Jian , Wang Chang‐An
Published: June 2017

Transformation‐type anodes such as Fe3O4 and other transition‐metal oxides are gaining popularity in rechargeable Li‐ion batteries, but the poor cycling performance and low poor Coulombic efficiency seriously influence their practical applications. Herein, we design a facile method to prepare well‐defined yolk‐shell Fe3O4@C nanocomposites, and test the nanocomposites as anode material for Li‐ion battery. Due to the protection of carbon shell and the loose interspace structure, the capacity of this yolk‐shell Fe3O4@C nanocomposites electrode is approximately 860 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles at 200 mA g−1 charge/discharge current density with 2 mg cm−1 loading. The first Coulombic efficiency is about 73.2% and the average Coulombic efficiency is 99% in the following cycles. The remarkably high specific capacity and excellent cycle performance endow the yolk‐shell Fe3O4@C nanocomposites as a great potential anode for the Li‐ion batteries application.
Person‐Fit Statistics for Joint Models for Accuracy and Speed
Authors: Fox Jean‐Paul , Marianti Sukaesi
Published: June 2017

Response accuracy and response time data can be analyzed with a joint model to measure ability and speed of working, while accounting for relationships between item and person characteristics. In this study, person‐fit statistics are proposed for joint models to detect aberrant response accuracy and/or response time patterns. The person‐fit tests take the correlation between ability and speed into account, as well as the correlation between item characteristics. They are posited as Bayesian significance tests, which have the advantage that the extremeness of a test statistic value is quantified by a posterior probability. The person‐fit tests can be computed as by‐products of a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. Simulation studies were conducted in order to evaluate their performance. For all person‐fit tests, the simulation studies showed good detection rates in identifying aberrant patterns. A real data example is given to illustrate the person‐fit statistics for the evaluation of the joint model.
Psychosis and identity: Alteration or loss?
Authors: Gergel Tania , Iacoponi Eduardo
Published: June 2017

The onset of psychotic disorders often brings major changes to an individual, which, for some, are never fully reversed and remain a dominant force. Despite such changes, the individual still experiences themselves as a continuous person and must find some way to assimilate these shifts into their self‐concept. From a philosophical perspective, the various models of continuing identity all depend upon some notion of fundamental stability, which seems a poor fit for the trajectory associated with psychotic disorders. This article will explore, in more depth, how the transitions that accompany psychotic disorders present a challenge to conventional and philosophical notions of selfhood. If we are not simply to judge psychotic disorders as bringing about a loss of selfhood, we will need an alternative model of identity to use in this context.
ODD LOT ORDER AGGRESSIVENESS AND STEALTH TRADING
Authors: Johnson Hardy , Roseman Brian
Published: June 2017

We investigate the degree to which orders are aggressively priced, paying particular attention to odd lot orders, and examine whether odd lot orders are being successfully used in stealth trading strategies. We find that odd lot orders execute at higher frequencies than larger orders, which is due to odd lot orders being aggressively priced. We find that microstructure changes have not altered the nature of price aggressiveness, but its determinants hold different explanatory power for odd lot orders. We find evidence that informed traders are shredding their orders into odd lot orders and stealth trading is permeating odd lot denominations.
Integrating renal nutrition guidelines into daily family life: a qualitative exploration
Authors: Morris A. , Love H. , van Aar Z. , Liles C. , Roskell C.
Published: June 2017

Background

Renal dietary compliance is challenging for individuals with chronic renal disease. Advice may change depending on renal function and medical treatment. Although patients seek support from family members with these changes, no literature exists with respect to how family members experience the offering of this support. The present study aimed to describe and interpret this lived experience of family members.

Methodology

Phenomenological qualitative semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 12 adult family members via telephone (transcribed verbatim). Framework analysis and the qualitative software nvivo, version 10 (QSR International Pty Ltd, Melbourne, VIC, Australia) were used. Participants commented on the themes for accuracy of experience representation.

Results

Four major themes emerged: (i) intrusion of the renal diet; (ii) dealing with the recommendations of a renal diet; (iii) seeking a new identity; and (iv) transition of family dynamics. Perceived conflicting advice intruded into family life. Children in the family resulted in more complex nutritional decisions. Continuing a diet to avoid perceived family and wider social judgement was not an option. Balance between nurturing the family as a whole and the necessity of attending to the specific needs of one individual with renal disease was challenging. Transition to a new identity included family members being drawn to scientifically guided understandings of nutrition and a medicalisation of daily food requirements, which included low prioritisation of children's nutritional needs.

Conclusion

Family members who cooked found the integration of renal nutrition guidelines challenging, with children presenting further challenges. The present study highlights the need to offer practical and psychological support to families who are coping with end‐stage renal failure and renal nutritional guidelines.
About the contrast of δ’ precipitates in bulk Al–Cu–Li alloys in reflection mode with a field‐emission scanning electron microscope at low accelerating voltage
Authors: BRODUSCH NICOLAS , VOISARD FRÉDÉRIC , GAUVIN RAYNALD
Published: June 2017

Characterising the impact of lithium additions in the precipitation sequence in Al–Li–Cu alloys is important to control the strengthening of the final material. Since now, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) at high beam voltage has been the technique of choice to monitor the size and spatial distribution of δ’ precipitates (Al3Li). Here we report on the imaging of the δ’ phase in such alloys using backscattered electrons (BSE) and low accelerating voltage in a high‐resolution field‐emission scanning electron microscope. By applying low‐energy Ar+ ion milling to the surface after mechanical polishing (MP), the MP‐induced corroded layers were efficiently removed and permitted the δ’s to be visible with a limited impact on the observed microstructure. The resulting BSE contrast between the δ’s and the Al matrix was compared with that obtained using Monte Carlo modelling. The artefacts possibly resulting from the sample preparation procedure were reviewed and discussed and permitted to confirm that these precipitates were effectively the metastable δ’s. The method described in this report necessitates less intensive sample preparation than that required for TEM and provides a much larger field of view and an easily interpretable contrast compared to the transmission techniques.
Hemispheric language organization after congenital left brain lesions: A comparison between functional transcranial Doppler and functional MRI
Authors: Chilosi Anna Maria , Bulgheroni Sara , Turi Marco , Cristofani Paola , Biagi Laura , Erbetta Alessandra , Riva Daria , Nigri Anna , Caputi Luigi , Giannini Nicola , Fiori Simona , Pecini Chiara , Perego Francesca , Tosetti Michela , Cipriani Paola , Cioni Giovanni
Published: June 2017

This study investigated whether functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound (fTCD) is a suitable tool for studying hemispheric lateralization of language in patients with pre‐perinatal left hemisphere (LH) lesions and right hemiparesis. Eighteen left‐hemisphere‐damaged children and young adults and 18 healthy controls were assessed by fTCD and fMRI to evaluate hemispheric activation during two language tasks: a fTCD animation description task and a fMRI covert rhyme generation task. Lateralization indices (LIs), measured by the two methods, differed significantly between the two groups, for a clear LH dominance in healthy participants and a prevalent activation of right hemisphere in more than 80% of brain‐damaged patients. Distribution of participants in terms of left, right, and bilateral lateralization was highly concordant between fTCD and fMRI values. Moreover, right hemisphere language dominance in patients with left hemispheric lesions was significantly associated with severity of cortical and subcortical damage in LH. This study suggests that fTCD is an easily applicable tool that might be a valid alternative to fMRI for large‐scale studies of patients with congenital brain lesions.
A grave offence: corpse desecration and the criminal law
Authors: Jones Imogen
Published: June 2017

A great many people share the sentiment that it is a serious wrong to behave with gross disrespect towards deceased bodies. It may therefore come as a surprise to learn that, currently, English and Welsh criminal law is incapable of dealing with cases of corpse desecration. Drawing upon provisions found in other jurisdictions, I argue that this legal gap ought to be filled by a new criminal offence. This should turn on the objective wrong of disrespect to the corpse as an important symbol of a once-living person. This framing is important in order to correctly identify what it is that makes desecration rightly criminal, assign accurate labels and to avoid unwarranted over-criminalisation. I conclude by suggesting that only when such an offence is enacted will we be able to ensure that the respect that we deserve in life is reflected in the treatment of our deceased bodies.
Genomewide patterns of variation in genetic diversity are shared among populations, species and higher‐order taxa
Authors: Vijay Nagarjun , Weissensteiner Matthias , Burri Reto , Kawakami Takeshi , Ellegren Hans , Wolf Jochen B. W.
Published: June 2017

Genomewide screens of genetic variation within and between populations can reveal signatures of selection implicated in adaptation and speciation. Genomic regions with low genetic diversity and elevated differentiation reflective of locally reduced effective population sizes (Ne) are candidates for barrier loci contributing to population divergence. Yet, such candidate genomic regions need not arise as a result of selection promoting adaptation or advancing reproductive isolation. Linked selection unrelated to lineage‐specific adaptation or population divergence can generate comparable signatures. It is challenging to distinguish between these processes, particularly when diverging populations share ancestral genetic variation. In this study, we took a comparative approach using population assemblages from distant clades assessing genomic parallelism of variation in Ne. Utilizing population‐level polymorphism data from 444 resequenced genomes of three avian clades spanning 50 million years of evolution, we tested whether population genetic summary statistics reflecting genomewide variation in Ne would covary among populations within clades, and importantly, also among clades where lineage sorting has been completed. All statistics including population‐scaled recombination rate (ρ), nucleotide diversity (π) and measures of genetic differentiation between populations (FST, PBS, dxy) were significantly correlated across all phylogenetic distances. Moreover, genomic regions with elevated levels of genetic differentiation were associated with inferred pericentromeric and subtelomeric regions. The phylogenetic stability of diversity landscapes and stable association with genomic features support a role of linked selection not necessarily associated with adaptation and speciation in shaping patterns of genomewide heterogeneity in genetic diversity.
Serum YKL‐40 is a reliable biomarker for pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Authors: Bonella Francesco , Long Xiaoping , He Xuan , Ohshimo Shinichiro , Griese Matthias , Guzman Josune , Costabel Ulrich
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Background and objective

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare disease characterized by alveolar filling. YKL‐40, a chitinase‐like protein produced by macrophages and epithelial cells, is increased in patients with interstitial lung diseases. We aimed to evaluate the role of YKL‐40 as a biomarker for PAP.

Methods

A total of 34 patients with autoimmune PAP and 50 healthy controls were studied. YKL‐40 was measured by ELISA in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Chitinase coding gene polymorphisms (CHI3L1−329 and −131) were detected by PCR and pyrosequencing. Correlations between serum YKL‐40 levels and disease outcome were analysed.

Results

Baseline serum and BALF levels of YKL‐40 were higher in PAP patients than in controls (286 ± 27 ng/mL vs 42 ± 4 ng/mL, P < 0.0001; 323 ± 36 ng/mL vs 3 ± 1 ng/mL, P < 0.0001, respectively). Serum YKL‐40 levels correlated with diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO
) at baseline (P = 0.002) and over time (P < 0.0001). Patients with disease progression had higher baseline serum YKL‐40 levels than those who remained stable or improved (P < 0.0001). A baseline cut‐off level of 300 ng/mL was predictive of disease progression (HR (hazard ratio): 7.875, P = 0.001). The presence of the G allele was associated with higher serum and BALF levels of YKL‐40.

Conclusion

YKL‐40 is elevated in serum and BALF of PAP patients, and may be of clinical utility to predict outcome in PAP.
Measuring Perceived Mistreatment: Potential Problems in Asking About “Discrimination”
Authors: Barkan Steven E.
Published: June 2017

Many studies have used survey data on perceived everyday mistreatment to assess the extent and health impact of racial discrimination and of discrimination based on weight, sexual orientation, and other reasons. Some surveys use the word “discrimination” in the initial question put to respondents, while other surveys do not use this word. This research note argues that including “discrimination” in the initial question may depress reports of perceived mistreatment, particularly among whites. It tests this possibility with data from the 1995–1996 National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States, which used “discrimination” in the initial question, and the 2001–2003 National Survey of American Life, which did not use this word. Findings suggest that using “discrimination” in the initial question considerably depresses whites’ reports of everyday mistreatment.
Intravital investigation of rat mesenteric small artery tone and blood flow
Authors: Nyvad Jakob , Mazur Aleksandra , Postnov Dmitry D. , Straarup Marthe Simonsen , Soendergaard Asger Maare , Staehr Christian , Brøndum Emil , Aalkjaer Christian , Matchkov Vladimir V.
Published: June 2017

Key points

Substantial information on rat mesenteric small artery physiology and pharmacology based on in vitro experiments is available.

Little is known about the relevance of this for artery function in vivo.

We here present an intravital model where rat mesenteric small artery diameters are studied under isolated and controlled conditions in situ with simultaneous measurement of blood flow.

The responses of the isolated arteries vary with the anaesthetic used, and they are quantitatively but not qualitatively different from the responses seen in vitro.

Functional characteristics of rat mesenteric small arteries (internal diameter ∼150–200 μm) have been extensively studied in vitro using isometric and isobaric myographs. In vivo, precapillary arterioles (internal diameter < 50 μm) have been studied, but only a few studies have investigated the function of mesenteric small arteries. We here present a novel approach for intravital studies of rat mesenteric small artery segments (∼5 mm long) isolated in a chamber. The agonist‐induced changes in arterial diameter and blood flow were studied using video imaging and laser speckle analysis in rats anaesthetized by isoflurane, pentobarbital, ketamine–xylazine, or by a combination of fentanyl, fluanison and midazolam (rodent mixture). The arteries had spontaneous tone. Noradrenaline added to the chamber constricted the artery in the chamber but not the downstream arteries in the intestinal wall. The constriction was smaller when rats were anaesthetized by rodent mixture in comparison with other anaesthetics, where responses were qualitatively similar to those reported in vitro. The contraction was associated with reduction of blood flow, but no flow reduction was seen in the downstream arteries in the intestinal wall. The magnitude of different endothelium‐dependent relaxation pathways was dependent on the anaesthesia. Vasomotion was present under all forms of anaesthesia with characteristics similar to in vitro. We have established an intravital method for studying the tone and flow in rat mesenteric arteries. The reactivity of the arteries was qualitatively similar to the responses previously obtained under in vitro conditions, but the choice of anaesthetic affects the magnitude of responses.
Evaluation of jet grout column diameters by acoustic monitoring
Authors: Cheng Shih-Hao , Liao Hung-Jiun , Yamazaki Junichi , Wong Ricky K.N.
Published: June 2017

To evaluate the diameter of jet grout columns actually formed under the ground, several methods had been developed over the past years. Nevertheless, uncertainty still exists in different methods mostly due to the variations of ground and grouting conditions. This study proposes an acoustic monitoring system capable of directly recording the jet grouting sounds detected at different distances from the jet nozzle. To correlate the actual diameter of the jet grout column with the monitored sound prints, a field test was conducted in an interlayered sandy and gravelly soil and the jet grout column was excavated for dimension measurement. The recorded sounds show that the distribution of the threshold peak amplitudes at different distances can be represented by the curve of the normal distribution function. In addition, the standard deviation and mean of the normally distributed threshold peak amplitudes can be used as indicators to determine the effective diameter of the jet grout column for a specific jet grouting project. Although this acoustic monitoring method would be costly and time-consuming if used to examine all jet grout columns, it is suitable for frequent use in trial tests for finding reasonable grouting parameters when forming jet grout columns with design diameters.
Higgs potential from derivative interactions
Authors: Quadri A.
Published: June 2017

A formulation of the linear [Formula: see text] model with derivative interactions is studied. The classical theory is on-shell equivalent to the [Formula: see text] model with the standard quartic Higgs potential. The mass of the scalar mode only appears in the quadratic part and not in the interaction vertices, unlike in the ordinary formulation of the theory. Renormalization of the model is discussed. A nonpower-counting renormalizable extension, obeying the defining functional identities of the theory, is presented. This extension is physically equivalent to the tree-level inclusion of a dimension-six effective operator [Formula: see text]. The resulting UV divergences are arranged in a perturbation series around the power-counting renormalizable theory. The application of the formalism to the Standard Model in the presence of the dimension-six operator [Formula: see text] is discussed.
Intensity enhancement of attosecond XUV pulse by using asymmetric inhomogeneous mid-infrared down-chirped field
Authors: Feng Liqiang , Li Wenliang , Liu Hang
Published: June 2017

Intensity enhancement of the attosecond pulse generation from the high-order harmonic spectra has been theoretically investigated through solving the three-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equation. It is found that with the introduction of the down-chirped pulse, the temporal frequency of the down-chirp region is decreased. As a result, the ionized electrons can receive much more energy during its acceleration in this region, showing the extension of the harmonic cutoff. Moreover, due to the multi-harmonic emission events contribute to the higher harmonics, the intensity of the harmonic cutoff from the down-chirped pulse is 1.5 orders of magnitude higher than those from the chirp-free pulse. Further, by properly introducing the asymmetric inhomogeneous effect, the plasmonic enhancement of the laser intensity in the negative direction is larger than that in the positive direction. As a consequence, the ionized electron from the down-chirp region with the negative amplitude can obtain the additional acceleration, thus leading to the further extension of the harmonic cutoff. Especially when the spatial position of the inhomogeneous field is chosen to be the negative value, due to the improved enhancement of the laser intensity, not only the harmonic cutoff is extended but also the harmonic yield is near-stable, showing a 175 eV supercontinuum with the single short quantum path contribution. Finally, by directly superposing the selected harmonics, three attosecond XUV pulses with the full widths at half maximum of 38, 35 and 36 as can be obtained, which are nearly 1.5 orders of magnitude enhancement compared with the chirp-free homogeneous field case.
U-shaped meander-line slow-wave structure with stub-loading
Authors: Bian Xingwang , Miao Min , Li Zhensong , Cui Xiaole
Published: June 2017

In this paper, a U-shaped meander-line slow-wave structure (SWS) with stub-loading is proposed for applications in Ka-band traveling-wave tube (TWT). This new slow-wave structure, loaded with a stub at the center of the U-turn section, has higher interaction impedance and lower phase velocity compared with conventional U-shaped meander-line SWSs, indicating that the devices based on this structure may have a lower operating voltage and higher output power. The dispersion characteristic, interaction impedance, transmission characteristics, and beam-wave interaction are simulated by utilizing simulation tool. The simulation result predicts that the millimeter-wave traveling-wave tube design based on this slow-wave structure is capable of delivering over 200 W with a gain of 33 dB and interaction efficiency 14.5% at the center frequency 34 GHz. This design, more compact and powerful in comparison with those based on more conventional vacuum electronic mechanisms, is demonstrated as a prospective option for integrated millimeter-wave power modules (MMPMs) empowering a broad spectrum of fields, from target detection, to imaging and telecommunications, among others.
Chronic hypoxia alters fetal cerebrovascular responses to endothelin-1
Authors: Silpanisong Jinjutha , Kim Dahlim , Williams James M. , Adeoye Olayemi O. , Thorpe Richard B. , Pearce William J.
Published: June 2017

In utero hypoxia influences the structure and function of most fetal arteries, including those of the developing cerebral circulation. Whereas the signals that initiate this hypoxic remodeling remain uncertain, these appear to be distinct from the mechanisms that maintain the remodeled vascular state. The present study explores the hypothesis that chronic hypoxia elicits sustained changes in fetal cerebrovascular reactivity to endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vascular contractant and mitogen. In fetal lambs, chronic hypoxia (3,820-m altitude for the last 110 days of gestation) had no significant effect on plasma ET-1 levels or ETA receptor density in cerebral arteries but enhanced contractile responses to ET-1 in an ETA-dependent manner. In organ culture (24 h), 10 nM ET-1 increased medial thicknesses less in hypoxic than in normoxic arteries, and these increases were ablated by inhibition of PKC (chelerythrine) in both normoxic and hypoxic arteries but were attenuated by inhibition of CaMKII (KN93) and p38 (SB203580) in normoxic but not hypoxic arteries. As indicated by Ki-67 immunostaining, ET-1 increased medial thicknesses via hypertrophy. Measurements of colocalization between MLCK and SMαA revealed that organ culture with ET-1 also promoted contractile dedifferentiation in normoxic, but not hypoxic, arteries through mechanisms attenuated by inhibitors of PKC, CaMKII, and p38. These results support the hypothesis that chronic hypoxia elicits sustained changes in fetal cerebrovascular reactivity to ET-1 through pathways dependent upon PKC, CaMKII, and p38 that cause increased ET-1-mediated contractility, decreased ET-1-mediated smooth muscle hypertrophy, and a depressed ability of ET-1 to promote contractile dedifferentiation.
CDX2 upregulates SLC26A3 gene expression in intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Chatterjee Ishita , Kumar Anoop , Castilla-Madrigal Rosa María , Pellon-Cardenas Oscar , Gill Ravinder K. , Alrefai Waddah A. , Borthakur Alip , Verzi Michael , Dudeja Pradeep K.
Published: June 2017

SLC26A3 [downregulated in adenoma (DRA)] plays a key role in mammalian intestinal NaCl absorption, in that it mediates apical membrane Cl−/[Formula: see text] exchange. DRA function and expression are significantly decreased in diarrhea associated with inflammatory bowel disease. DRA is also considered to be a marker of cellular differentiation and is predominantly expressed in differentiated epithelial cells. Caudal-type homeobox protein-2 (CDX2) is known to regulate genes involved in intestinal epithelial differentiation and proliferation. Reduced expression of both DRA and CDX2 in intestinal inflammation prompted us to study whether the DRA gene is directly regulated by CDX2. Our initial studies utilizing CDX2 knockout (CDX2fV/fV;Cre+) mice showed a marked reduction in DRA mRNA and protein levels in proximal and distal colon. In silico analysis of the DRA promoter showed two consensus sites for CDX2 binding. Therefore, we utilized Caco-2 cells as an in vitro model to examine if DRA is a direct target of CDX2 regulation. siRNA-mediated silencing of CDX2 in Caco-2 cells resulted in a marked (~50%) decrease in DRA mRNA and protein levels, whereas ectopic overexpression of CDX2 upregulated DRA expression and also stimulated DRA promoter activity, suggesting transcriptional regulation. Electrophoretic mobility shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated direct binding of CDX2 to one of the two putative CDX2 binding sites in the DRA promoter (+645/+663). In summary, our studies, for the first time, demonstrate transcriptional regulation of DRA expression by CDX2, implying that reduced expression of DRA in inflammatory bowel disease-associated diarrhea may, in part, be due to downregulation of CDX2 in the inflamed mucosa.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY SLC26A3 [downregulated in adenoma (DRA)] mediates intestinal luminal NaCl absorption and is downregulated in inflammatory bowel disease-associated diarrhea. Since both DRA and caudal-type homeobox protein-2 (CDX2) are reduced in intestinal inflammation and the DRA promoter harbors CDX2 binding sites, we examined whether the DRA gene is regulated by CDX2. Our studies, for the first time, demonstrate transcriptional regulation of DRA expression by CDX2 via direct binding to the DRA promoter, suggesting that reduced expression of DRA in inflammatory bowel disease-associated diarrhea could, in part, be attributed to downregulation of CDX2.
Detailed Modeling of Flat Plate Solar Collector with Vacuum Glazing
Authors: Shemelin Viacheslav , Matuska Tomas
Published: June 2017

A theoretical analysis of flat plate solar collectors with a vacuum glazing is presented. Different configurations of the collector have been investigated by a detailed theoretical model based on a combined external and internal energy balance of the absorber. Performance characteristics for vacuum flat plate collector alternatives have been derived. Subsequently, annual energy gains have been evaluated for a selected variant and compared with state-of-the-art vacuum tube collectors. The results of modeling indicate that, in the case of using advanced vacuum glazing with optimized low-emissivity coating (emissivity 0.20, solar transmittance 0.85), it is possible to achieve efficiency parameters similar to or even better than vacuum tube collectors. The design presented in this paper can be considered promising for the extension of the applicability range of FPC and could be used in applications, which require low-to-medium temperature level.
Effect of Huayu Tongluo Herbs on Reduction of Proteinuria via Inhibition of Wnt/β‐Catenin Signaling Pathway in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Bai Lu , Huo Beibei , Chen Zhiqiang , Guo Qian , Xu Jing , Fang Jing , Zhang Jianghua , Zhang Fenfang
Published: June 2017

The study investigated the expression of Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in diabetic rats and the intervention effect of Huayu Tongluo herbs (HTH). Ten rats were randomly selected as control group and the remaining rats were established as diabetic models. The diabetic rats were randomly divided into model group and HTH treatment group. The intervention was intragastric administration in all rats for 20 weeks. At the end of every 4 weeks, fasting blood glucose and 24 h urinary total protein quantitatively were measured. At the end of the 20th week, biochemical parameters and body weight were tested. The kidney tissues were observed under light microscope and transmission electron microscopy. We examined Wnt/beta‐catenin signaling pathway key proteins and renal interstitial fibrosis related molecular markers expression. The results showed that HTH could reduce urinary protein excretion and relieve renal pathological damage. Wnt4, p‐GSK3β (S9), and β‐catenin expression were decreased in the signaling pathway, but GSK3β level was not changed by HTH in diabetic rats. Furthermore, the expressions of TGF‐β1 and ILK were decreased, but the level of E‐cadherin was increased in diabetic rats after treatment with HTH. This study demonstrated that HTH could inhibit the high expression of Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in kidney of diabetic rats. The effect might be one of the main ways to reduce urinary protein excretion.
Formulation and Characterization of Hydroquinone Nanostructured Lipid Carriers by Homogenization Emulsification Method
Authors: Wu Pey-Shiuan , Lin Chih-Hung , Kuo Yi-Ching , Lin Chih-Chien
Published: June 2017

Nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) was prepared by homogenization emulsification method and improved with modified surfactants. The properties of nanoparticles were investigated using the NLC system for hydroquinone (HQ) as a model drug and by increasing the light stability of hydroquinone. The optimized condition of NLC in stirring was 1200 rpm, the homogenized speed was 8000 rpm, solid oil to liquid oil ratio was 3 : 7, and lecithin to surfactant ratio was 3 : 1. The particle size was 393.30±28.23 nm and the encapsulation efficiency was 22.13±2.66%. The zeta-potential of HQ-NLC was better than −30 mV. In the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) studies, adding of PLANTACARE 2000 UP for HQ-NLC has better heat resisting property than the HQ-NLC only. The addition of PLANTACARE 2000 UP to NLC shows better permeability (125.10%) than that of Blank. In the stability studies, the HQ-NLC after UVA/UVB irradiation has better inhibition rate (34.25%) than that of the Blank. In the present study, NLC system has successfully improved the light stability and the skin permeability of active compound. Therefore, the NLC might be a potential delivery vehicle for transdermal products in the future.
Systems Pharmacological Approach of Pulsatillae Radix on Treating Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Suh Su Yeon , An Won G.
Published: June 2017

In East Asian traditional medicine, Pulsatillae Radix (PR) is widely used to treat amoebic dysentery and renowned for its anti‐inflammatory effects. This study aimed to confirm evidence regarding the potential therapeutic effect of PR on Crohn’s disease using a system network level based in silico approach. Study results showed that the compounds in PR are highly connected to Crohn’s disease related pathways, biological processes, and organs, and these findings were confirmed by compound‐target network, target‐pathway network, and gene ontology analysis. Most compounds in PR have been reported to possess anti‐inflammatory, anticancer, and antioxidant effects, and we found that these compounds interact with multiple targets in a synergetic way. Furthermore, the mRNA expressions of genes targeted by PR are elevated significantly in immunity‐related organ tissues, small intestine, and colon. Our results suggest that the anti‐inflammatory and repair and immune system enhancing effects of PR might have therapeutic impact on Crohn’s disease.
Finite-Time Consensus with a Time-Varying Reference State and Switching Topology
Authors: Wang Jian-Yong , Tian Zhen , Zhu Xu , Alotaibi Naif D.
Published: June 2017

The finite-time consensus problem in the networks of multiple mobile agents is comprehensively investigated. In order to resolve this problem, a novel nonlinear information exchange protocol is proposed. The proposed protocol ensures that the states of the agents are converged to a weighted-average consensus in finite time if the communication topology is a weighted directed graph with a spanning tree and each strongly connected component is detail-balanced. Furthermore, the proposed protocol is also able to solve the finite-time consensus problem of networks with a switching topology. Finally, computer simulations are presented to demonstrate and validate the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis under the proposed protocol.
Association between Nine Types of TCM Constitution and Five Chronic Diseases: A Correspondence Analysis Based on a Sample of 2,660 Participants
Authors: Zhu Yanbo , Shi Huimei , Wang Qi , Wang Yangyang , Yu Xiaohan , Di Jie , Zhang Xiaomei , Li Yanni , Li Tong , Yan Hui
Published: June 2017

Objective. The purpose of this study was to explore the association of nine types of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) constitution with the five chronic diseases: hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, and obesity. Methods. Chi‐squared test was performed to investigate the distribution characteristics of TCM constitutions in the participants with the five chronic diseases in questionnaire. Correspondence analysis was used to explore the correlation between them. Results. A total of 2,660 participants (1,400 males; 1,260 females) were included in this study. The mean age was 52.54 ± 13.92. Of them, 600 were of gentleness type accounting for 22.56%. Proportions of gentleness type in the chronic diseases (16.00%~23.70%) were less than that in general population (32.14%). The gentleness type and yin‐deficiency type were significantly correlated with hypertension and diabetes mellitus, qi‐deficiency type was correlated with heart disease, phlegm‐dampness type was associated with obesity, and dampness‐heat type was correlated with hyperlipidemia. Conclusions. The correlations between TCM constitution types and the five chronic diseases were different. This may have a significant implication for TCM practice, and even the people with gentleness type should not be ignored in health management.
Clinical Management and Tumor Surveillance Recommendations of Inherited Mismatch Repair Deficiency in Childhood
Authors: Tabori Uri , Hansford Jordan R. , Achatz Maria Isabel , Kratz Christian P. , Plon Sharon E. , Frebourg Thierry , Brugières Laurence
Published: June 2017

Replication proofreading is crucial to avoid mutation accumulation in dividing cells. In humans, proofreading and replication repair is maintained by the exonuclease domains of DNA polymerases and the mismatch repair system. Individuals harboring germline mutations in genes involved in this process are at increased risk of early cancers from multiple organs. Biallelic mutations in any of the four mismatch repair genes MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, and PMS2 result in one of the most aggressive childhood cancer predisposition syndromes, termed constitutional mismatch repair deficiency or constitutional mismatch repair deficiency syndrome (CMMRD). Data gathered in the last decade allow us to better define the clinical manifestations, tumor spectrum, and diagnostic algorithms for CMMRD. In this article, we summarize this information and present a comprehensive consensus surveillance protocol for these individuals. Ongoing research will allow for further definition of replication repair–deficient cancer syndromes, assessing the cost-effectiveness of such surveillance protocols and potential therapeutic interventions for these children and families. Clin Cancer Res; 23(11); e32–e37. ©2017 AACR.

See all articles in the online-only CCR Pediatric Oncology Series.
Sexual Dynamics of Married Women with Interpersonal Dependency: A Qualitative Study on Iranian Women
Authors: Sharifi Marziye , Fatehizade Maryam , Bahrami Fatemeh , Jazayeri Rezvan Alsadat , Etemadi Ozra
Published: June 2017

Background: Considering the lack of documented research on the sexuality of dependent persons, this qualitative study examined sexual dynamics among Iranian married women with excessive interpersonal dependency. Methods: Interviews with 18 married women with high interpersonal dependency were coded using thematic analysis. Results: Three major areas emerged from the data under which the themes clustered. These were (1) intrapersonal level which included confused sexual cognitions, intrusive thoughts during sex, preoccupation by sexual thoughts, low tolerance for reduction or interruption of sexual activity, and emotional distress during sex, (2) interactional dynamics including imposing pressure on the husband to have sex and assuming a submissive and receptive role during sex, and (3) contextual processes including social stigma and the effects of social phenomena. Conclusions: These findings presented a relatively clear understanding of the impacts of interpersonal dependency on the sexuality of Iranian women. The majority of the women reported maladaptive sexual strategies, attitudes, and emotions. Moreover, there were several similarities between the sexual dynamics of the women and those of individuals with anxious attachment style. These findings suffer from some limitations in terms of generalization due to the small size of the sample and clinical and cultural considerations. The implications of these findings for practitioners are also considered.
Eplerenone Prevents Atrial Fibrosis via the TGF-β Signaling Pathway
Authors: Du Lili , Qin Mu , Yi Yi , Chen Xiaoqing , Jiang Weifeng , Zhou Li , Zhang Daoliang , Xu Kai , Yang Yiqing , Li Chao , Liu Yan , Liu Xu , Duan Sheng-Zhong
Published: June 2017

Objectives: Eplerenone (EPL), an antagonist of the mineralocorticoid receptor, is beneficial for atrial fibrillation and atrial fibrosis. However, the underlying mechanism remains less well known. We aimed to investigate the effect of EPL on atrial fibrosis using a mouse with selective atrial fibrosis and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods: EPL-treated MHC-TGFcys33ser transgenic mice that have selective atrial fibrosis (Tx+EPL mice), as well as control mice, were used for in vivo studies including histological analyses, Western blotting, and qRT-PCR studies. TGF-β1-stimulated atrial fibroblasts were treated with EPL or vehicle for the in vitro studies including Western blotting and qRT-PCR studies. In addition, Smad7 siRNA was used to knock down Smad7. Results: EPL inhibited atrial fibrosis in the Tx mice. In addition, EPL suppressed the expression of fibrosis-related molecules induced by TGF-β1 in vivo and in vitro. This occurred in concert with a downregulation of Smad7 protein expression and an upregulation of p-Smad2/3 protein expression. In addition, knockdown of Smad7 by siRNA abolished the protective roles of EPL. Conclusions: EPL inhibited atrial fibrosis in Tx mice. The underlying mechanism may involve increased protein expression of Smad7, which enhances the inhibitory feedback regulation of TGF-β1/Smad signaling.
MicroRNA-200b Expression in the Vitreous Humor of Patients with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Gomaa Amir Ramadan , Elsayed Eman Tayae , Moftah Reham Fadl
Published: June 2017

Background: The role of microRNA (miRNA)-200b in the pathogenesis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) has been studied in diabetic animal models. The aim of this study was to assess miRNA-200b expression in the vitreous of patients with PDR and to determine its correlation with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), one of the pathogenic mechanisms in PDR. Methods: Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to measure miRNA-200b expression in the vitreous from 29 eyes with PDR and 30 eyes with idiopathic macular holes (IMH; control group). Vitreous VEGF was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: miRNA-200b expression was about 5-fold increased in the vitreous samples from eyes with PDR compared with the controls (p ≤ 0.001). Vitreous VEGF expression was also significantly higher in the PDR group than in the IMH group (p ≤ 0.001), but no significant correlation was found between miRNA-200b and VEGF. Conclusion: Both miRNA-200b and VEGF are increased in the vitreous of patients with PDR but in a noncorrelated pattern. miRNA-200b may be involved in the pathogenesis of PDR but through VEGF-independent mechanisms. Further studies are needed to identify the miRNA-200b-targeted genes involved in the pathogenesis of PDR and to examine the potential role of miRNA-200b as a target for PDR treatment.
Elevated Preoperative CA125 or CA19-9 in Borderline Ovarian Tumors: Could It Be Suggestive of Advanced Stage or a Poor Prognosis?
Authors: Song Taejong , Lee Doo Haeng , Jung Yong Wook , Yun Bo Seong , Seong Seok Ju , Choi Chel Hun , Lee Jeong-Won , Bae Duk-Soo , Kim Byoung-Gie
Published: June 2017

Objectives: To investigate whether elevated levels of CA125 (≥35 U/mL) and CA19-9 (≥37 U/mL) suggest advanced-stage disease (defined as stage II or higher) or poor prognosis in patients with borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs). Study Design: We retrospectively identified 591 patients with BOTs. Multivariate logistic regressions and Cox proportional hazard regressions were used to determine the clinicopathologic factors associated with the presence of advanced-stage disease and the prognostic factors associated with recurrence-free survival. Results: CA125 was elevated more often in serous than in mucinous tumors (50.6 vs. 35.5%; p = 0.003), whereas CA19-9 was elevated more often in mucinous than serous tumors (33.6 vs. 15.3%; p = 0.001). An elevated CA125 level was independently associated with the presence of advanced-stage disease in serous (p = 0.005) and in mucinous BOTs (p = 0.015). However, preoperative elevation of CA19-9, unlike CA125, was not associated with the advanced-stage disease. Elevated preoperative CA125 level (p = 0.037) was an independent prognostic factor for recurrence-free survival in patients with serous BOTs. However, neither CA125 nor CA19-9 had prognostic significance in mucinous BOTs. Conclusions: Elevated preoperative CA125, unlike CA19-9, is a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker associated with the presence of advanced-stage disease and risk of relapse in patients with serous BOTs.
Cost of high prevalence mental disorders: Findings from the 2007 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing
Authors: Lee Yu-Chen , Chatterton Mary Lou , Magnus Anne , Mohebbi Mohammadreza , Le Long Khanh-Dao , Mihalopoulos Cathrine
Published: June 2017

Objective:

The aim of this project was to detail the costs associated with the high prevalence mental disorders (depression, anxiety-related and substance use) in Australia, using community-based, nationally representative survey data.

Methods:

Respondents diagnosed, within the preceding 12 months, with high prevalence mental disorders using the Confidentialised Unit Record Files of the 2007 National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing were analysed. The use of healthcare resources (hospitalisations, consultations and medications), productivity loss, income tax loss and welfare benefits were estimated. Unit costs of healthcare services were obtained from the Independent Hospital Pricing Authority, Medicare and Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme. Labour participation rates and unemployment rates were determined from the National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. Daily wage rates adjusted by age and sex were obtained from Australian Bureau of Statistics and used to estimate productivity losses. Income tax loss was estimated based on the Australian Taxation Office rates. The average cost of commonly received Government welfare benefits adjusted by age was used to estimate welfare payments. All estimates were expressed in 2013–2014 AUD and presented from multiple perspectives including public sector, individuals, private insurers, health sector and societal.

Results:

The average annual treatment cost for people seeking treatment was AUD660 (public), AUD195 (individual), AUD1058 (private) and AUD845 from the health sector’s perspective. The total annual healthcare cost was estimated at AUD974m, consisting of AUD700m to the public sector, AUD168m to individuals, and AUD107m to the private sector. The total annual productivity loss attributed to the population with high prevalence mental disorders was estimated at AUD11.8b, coupled with the yearly income tax loss at AUD1.23b and welfare payments at AUD12.9b.

Conclusion:

The population with high prevalence mental disorders not only incurs substantial cost to the Australian healthcare system but also large economic losses to society.