bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thinking Hard About 'Race-Neutral' Admissions
Authors: Sander Richard , Danielson Aaron
Published: May 2022

Our exploration is organized as follows. In Part I, we sympathetically consider the very difficult dilemmas facing higher education leaders. Understanding the often irreconcilable pressures that constrain university administrators is essential if we are to envision the plausible policies they might undertake. In Part II, we draw on a range of data to illustrate some of the “properties” of admissions systems and, in particular, the ways in which race, SES, and academic preparation interact dynamically both within individual schools and across the educational spectrum. Partly because the questions we examine here have been so little studied, ideal data does not exist, but there are enough government and university sources of data to grasp many key dynamics. In Part III, we turn to the “compliance” question—how have major schools conformed with or evaded the requirement of race-neutral policies? We examine in some depth admissions data from the University of California and the University of Michigan and find strong evidence of non-compliance in both cases. What does their conduct tell us about the operation of these policies? In Part IV, we detail a tentative policy agenda that follows from our findings.
Post-Sentencing Appellate Waivers
Authors: Bennardo Kevin
Published: May 2022

A sentencing appellate waiver is a criminal defendant’s promise not to appeal her sentence. These provisions routinely appear in federal defendants’ plea agreements. With a few narrow exceptions, a knowing and voluntary sentencing appellate waiver bars a defendant from appealing all issues within the waiver’s scope. Using models of judicial behavior and empirical studies, this Article argues that the inclusion of sentencing appellate waivers in plea agreements creates bargaining inefficiencies and removes important incentives from the sentencing process. As a solution, the Article proposes that sentencing appellate waivers should take the form of separate post-sentencing agreements.
Social Media and the Job Market: How to Reconcile Applicant Privacy with Employer Needs
Authors: Baumhart Peter
Published: May 2022

In the modern technological age, social media allows us to communicate vast amounts of personal information to countless people instantaneously. This information is valuable to more than just our “friends” and “followers,” however. Prospective employers can use this personal data to inform hiring decisions, thereby maximizing fit and minimizing potential liability. The question then arises, how best to acquire this information? For job applicants, the counter-question is how best to protect the privacy of their social media accounts. As these two competing desires begin to clash, it is important to find a method to mediate the conflict. Existing privacy law, whether rooted in constitutional, statutory, or common law, is insufficient to cope with the practice, and pending legislation also fails to adequately account for the legitimate interests of both parties. This Note advocates a novel solution: a modified information escrow that would provide employers with the relevant information they seek while keeping private the substantive content of applicants’ social media accounts.
Between the Ceiling and the Floor: Making the Case for Required Disclosure of High-Low Agreements to Juries
Authors: Jolly Richard
Published: May 2022

Parties are increasingly using high-low agreements to limit the risks of litigation. High-low agreements are contracts in which defendants agree to pay plaintiffs a minimum recovery in return for plaintiffs’ agreement not to execute on a jury award above a maximum amount. Currently no jurisdiction requires high-low agreements to be disclosed to the jury. This Note argues that disclosure should be required. It contends that non-disclosed high-low agreements are a type of procedural contract modifying the jury’s core adjudicative function. Drawing on theories of procedural justice, it suggests that by usurping the jury’s role these agreements undermine the legitimacy of the judicial system. It contends that requiring disclosure would remedy these negative effects and that any unintended consequences attendant to disclosure could be mitigated by the court or by the parties.
Communication Experience and Self-Concept of Metrosexual Men in Indonesia
Authors: Wardhani Andy Corry , Wahyuddin Yasser , Deviyanti Rafista , Perdana Ryzal , Trisnawati RT Dwi Septya
Published: May 2022

The passage of time and technological advancements can have an effect on human desires and lifestyles, and the emergence of the metrosexual man phenomenon is one of them. What makes metrosexual men interesting to study is the relationship between their self-concept and their interactions in their social environment. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to elucidate metrosexual men's communication experience and self-concept from a phenomenological perspective in terms of physical, psychological, social, and moral dimensions in the city of Bandar Lampung, Indonesia, Asia. The study is qualitative in nature and employed a phenomenological approach, with four metrosexual men being purposefully chosen as research subjects. The data were collected through unstructured interviews, observations, and literature review. The findings indicate that while the subjects under investigation have a pleasant communication experience with their family members, relatives, and friends, they do not have a positive experience communicating with the community. They have a positive self-concept, owing to their openness and confidence of all informants.

 

Received: 24 January 2022 / Accepted: 25 March 2022 / Published: 5 May 2022
Indian MSMEs amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic: Firm Characteristics and Access to Finance
Authors: Uddin Mohammed Ahmar , Jamil Syed Ahsan , Khan Khaliquzzaman
Published: May 2022

The importance of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in economic development and their access to finance post-COVID-19 has been highlighted in this study. The availability of finance is a critical factor for MSMEs to flourish, and they are mostly severely affected by the economic recession. The purpose of this study was to ascertain how the firm-specific factors such as Location, Industry, Size, Age, Ownership, Collaterals, and Business information affect their access to finance in India. This study used a survey to collect primary data from 200 MSMEs in India. Descriptive and logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the data. Results show that firms with collateral, larger and older firms, and private limited firms are less likely to face problems in raising finance, while service firms are more likely to face problems in raising finance. The results from this study will add to the understanding of the financing problems faced by MSMEs in India. The study recommends that firm attributes are important for accessing finance and help policymakers and researchers develop new strategies and policies to support the financing of MSMEs in India.

 

Received: 23 September 2021 / Accepted: 7 March 2022 / Published: 5 May 2022
Current Trends in the Development of Work Ethics and Management in Kazakhstan
Authors: Aubakirov Yerkin , Adayeva Gulnar , Gülerce Hakan , Zholbaryssova Ulbolsyn , Abdibek Arailym
Published: May 2022

The values ​​and wealth of world civilization are created by human labor. Labor is both an economic category and a moral value. Kazakhstan being among the top 30 developed countries and in consideration of the quest to find a solution to the problems of building an industrial and innovative economy, is among those nations that require the intensification of all types of human labor activity. The purpose, the main directions of research, and the results obtained allow us to interpret in a new way the processes of changes occurring in the value-motivational structures of the culture of work and management in modern Kazakhstan. Theoretical generalizations of the empirical data obtained in the regions of Kazakhstan can serve as the basis for scientific and methodological support for reforms and transformations of the industrial and innovative development of the country as a whole. One of the socially significant types of human activity is managerial work. The problem of management is traditionally one of the topical aspects of many social theories. Training of management personnel, education of “managers of a new formation” has been on the agenda since the day the country gained independence. Kazakhstan is implementing systemic administrative reforms. However, the low efficiency of these transformations is due to the frequent implementation of foreign management styles in an entirely different socio-cultural environment. The research project "Ethics of labor and management in the context of social modernization of Kazakhstan" aimed to study the regional, ethnic-confessional, and gender characteristics of the formation of a new culture of work and management in modern Kazakhstan.

 

Received: 14 December 2021 / Accepted: 16 February 2022 / Published: 5 May 2022
Industry 4.0 - Reality and Perception in the Albanian Market
Authors: Angjeli Greta , Pano Nikollaq , Lacka Senada
Published: May 2022

Statistics show that the average rate of GDP’ increase in Albania for more than 25 years has been comparable to the average of European countries. Still, is this an increase in the right direction? Albanian businesses are investing in their digitalization. Are there elements of industry 4.0 in the Albanian market? How much are Albanian entrepreneurs affected by the changes that will bring the 4th industrial revolution in the world economy? All these questions essentially lead to the study of a primary matter: how different is the real development of digitalization and elements of industry 4.0 compared to the perception of entrepreneurs and administrators in some of the most developed businesses in the Albanian market. The main purpose of this study is to assess the readiness and maturity of the Albanian businesses related to the digitization of their activity and use of the elements of Industry 4.0.

 

Received: 23 August 2021 / Accepted: 21 February 2022 / Published: 5 May 2022
The Fourth Industrial Revolution: A Literature Study of Challenges Associated with Access to Education in Rural Schools in Zimbabwe
Authors: Moyo Zvisinei
Published: May 2022

Research on access to education in Africa has resulted in the revealing of impediments working against the advancement of marginalised groups. Indeed, research shows that Africa lags behind the rest of the world in skills development. This paper reflects on the factors perpetuating hierarchies in the fourth industrial revolution, with particular attention on rural schools in Zimbabwe. It seeks to unearth challenges perpetuating inequalities in access to education. Utilising Fraser’s model of social justice, this paper contributes to the unmasking of the potential disparities manifested by the fourth industrial revolution. Therefore, by exposing the challenges of the fourth industrial revolution, this paper highlights the complexity of achieving equal access to education. The findings point to the fourth industrial revolution as a global system that has been created over time and which is unfortunately not ready to meet the needs of rural schools in a developing country like Zimbabwe. The fourth industrial revolution escalates the subjugation of rural schools, complicating the exclusionary power structures. The fourth industrial revolution has brought about social colonisation, further widening deep-rooted status gaps. This paper explores some gaps in the literature that can be investigated further and may guide research to open avenues of social transformation.

 

Received: 19 July 2021 / Accepted: 18 March 2022 / Published: 5 May 2022
Research on Differences in Mental Status of Freshmen in Vocational Undergraduate Colleges
Authors: Chenfan Yang , Khalid Nurul Fazzuan
Published: May 2022

This study aims to investigate the current psychological situation of freshmen in vocational undergraduate colleges, and to grasp the psychological characteristics among different student groups, providing theoretical basis and data support for the subsequent mental health education of freshmen. The sample of the study was selected from 1980 freshmen of vocational undergraduate colleges in Guangdong Province, and the findings were statistically analyzed. The results showed that, in terms of overall stress, male students were under more pressure, and arts students were under more pressure than science students. Junior college students suffered more stress than undergraduates, and most of the students adopt positive ways to cope with the pressure; students in vocational colleges were open-minded about relationships and sexuality; urban students had better interpersonal skills than rural students. Compared with college students, undergraduates preferred their majors. Undergraduate students had higher overall satisfaction with themselves and as for the identity of "vocational college students", male students were stronger than female students, while students from rural areas were higher than those from urban areas.

 

Received: 26 January 2022 / Accepted: 6 April 2022 / Published: 5 May 2022
Cybercrime in Ghana and Victims Accounts
Authors: Ennin Daniel , Mensah Ronald Osei
Published: May 2022

The main thrust of the study was to examine how cybercrime victims are being lured into virtual space by scammers and later swindled. Qualitative research method was advanced to explore the dynamics of cybercrime activities in Ghana. Secondary data were sourced from the Criminal Investigation Department of the Ghana Police Service. Purposive sampling technique was outlined to engage with the respondents. Structured interview guide was considered as a data collection instrument. In the data analysis, each of the in-depth interviews was transcribed as soon as the information was gathered and developed into codes. Six (6) internet victims took part in the study. The investigation revealed that people become internet victims as a result of unrealistic profit ventures, online romance, raffle schemes, America green card lottery and rent apartment deals. Out of the six cases, only one culprit was imprisoned and even the approach was conventional policing strategy considering the volatile nature of the cybercrime related offences. It was concluded from the discussions that the National Commission for Civic Education (NCCE) should create public awareness about the social and economic consequences of cybercrime activities in the country. The education should further emphasize on the social engineering tactics employed by the conmen to dupe their client on the internet.

 

Received: 8 March 2022 / Accepted: 25 April 2022 / Published: 5 May 2022
Behavioural Patterns Exhibited by Preschoolers in Large Class Size: A Case of Early Childhood Centres in Ghana
Authors: Bernard Kissi-Abrokwah , Dabone Kyeremeh Tawiah , Saani Abdul-Jaleel , Dennis Wilmot , Hansen Akoto-Baaako
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the paper was to investigate behavioural patterns exhibited by preschoolers in large class size and suggested recommendations to tackle them. The study was based on pragmatism philosophical thought where concurrent triangulation mixed method design was used for the study. At the quantitative phase, descriptive survey was used while multiple case study was also used for the qualitative phase. The sample size was 234, where 216 questionnaires were distributed to preschool teachers in the quantitative phase. At the qualitative phase, interviews were conducted with 12 preschool teachers while observations were carried out at 6 early childhood education centres (ECECs).  The study shows that out of seat behaviour, talking out of turn, disrespecting teachers, verbal and physical aggression towards teachers were the behavioural patterns exhibited by preschoolers in large class size. Considering these behavioural patterns, the study suggested that building design used for ECECs should have toilet and other facilities to prevent preschoolers from exhibiting out of seat behaviour in classroom. The finding also shows that building more ECECs in addition to the existing ones and employing more substitute teachers to assist the permanent teachers could help teachers performance scaffolding, zone of proximal development and social interaction in managing preschoolers in classroom.

 

Received: 28 February 2022 / Accepted: 18 April 2022 / Published: 5 May 2022
Human Papillomavirus (Hpv) Infection In Rural And Tribal Populations Of The World With A Special Focus On The Prevalence In India
Authors: Rashid Dr. Shazia
Published: May 2022

Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is one of the major causes of cervical cancer which is one of the common causes of death in women across the globe and is the fourth most prevalent cancer in women representing 7.5% of female cancer deaths globally and more than 85% of these occur in underdeveloped regions. In India, cervical cancer is responsible for the highest cancer deaths among women which can be attributed to multiple pregnancies, open relationships, inadequate sanitation and cleanliness, behavioral habit and lifestyle, smoking, poor nutrition, and long-term contraceptive use. These factors have been associated as risk factors for cervical cancer. This review discusses issues faced by women in tribal and rural areas of India due to poor economic conditions, different lifestyles to mainstream population, sociocultural behavior and lack of access to healthcare facilities. The review also focusses on the tribal populations of the world and the prevalence rates in these tribal groups. The current initiatives taken by government and non-government organizations (NGOs) to prevent and control the HPV infection and reduce the cervical cancer burden have also been highlighted. The review emphasizes the urgent need for preferential care for women in rural and tribal communities of the world.
The syntax of generics and the absence of generic articles
Authors: Husband E. Matthew
Published: May 2022

Cross-linguistically, no language has a dedicated generic article. To address why this is, I decompose GEN into its quantificational and modal components and locate them inside nominal structure. Adopting an event licensing analysis of pre- and post-verbal bare subjects in Modern Hebrew, I use the restriction of pre-verbal bare subjects to generic interpretations and unacceptability of pre-verbal bare singulars to argue that the quantificational component of GEN is best analyzed as a D-quantifier. Evidence from adnominal conditionals further identifies a modal source for GEN within the nominal, which I suggest is adjectival and derived from a reduced relative clause source. I propose that the formation of generic articles is blocked by the non-local (e.g. non-spanning) relationship between these quantificational and modal components.
How usable are digital collections for endangered languages? A review
Authors: Babinski Sarah , Jewell Jeremiah , Haakman Kassandra , Kim Juhyae , Lake Amelia , Yi Irene , Bowern Claire
Published: May 2022

Here, we report on pilot research on the extent to which language collections in digital linguistic archives are discoverable, accessible, and usable for linguistic research. Using a test case of common tasks in phonetic and phonological documentation, we evaluate a small random sample of collections and find substantial, striking problems in all domains. Of the original 20 collections, only six had digitized audio files with associated transcripts (preferably phrase-aligned). That is, only 30% of the collections in our sample were even potentially suitable for any type of phonetic work (regardless of quality of recording). Information about the contents of the collection was usually discoverable, though there was variation in the types of information that could be easily searched for in the collection. Though eventually three collections were aligned, only one collection was successfully force-aligned from the archival materials without substantial intervention. We close with recommendations for archive depositors to facilitate discoverability, accessibility, and functionality of language collections. Consistency and accuracy in file naming practices, data descriptions, and transcription practices is imperative. Providing a collection guide also helps. Including useful search terms about collection contents makes the materials more findable. Researchers need to be aware of the changes to collection structure that may result from archival uploads. Depositors need to consider how their metadata is included in collections and how items in the collection may be matched to each other and to metadata categories. Finally, if our random sample is indicative, linguistic documentation practices for future phonetic work need to change rapidly, if such work from archival collections is to be done in future.
An experimental investigation of the deep double-o constraint in Japanese causative constructions
Authors: List Abbey , Chen Yunchuan
Published: May 2022

The double-o constraint (DoC) (Harada, 1973) was proposed to explain the ungrammaticality of having two or more noun phrases (NPs) marked by the accusative case marker -o in a single Japanese clause. Poser (2002) argued for two types of DoCs: the surface double-o constraint (SDoC) and the deep double-o constraint (DDoC). The DDoC prohibits two accusative arguments in a single argument structure and is not affected by the number of accusative case markers on the surface. The evidence is from Japanese causatives. Our study conducted an experiment to test the DDoC and found that it may not exist.
Style shifts in Japanese video game commentary monologues
Authors: Christensen Soren , Chen Yunchuan
Published: May 2022

Honorific markers play an integral role in many languages, but their purpose and meaning are still widely debated. Ide (1989) claims a one-to-one relationship between social rank difference and linguistic form, but Cook (1997, 2011) proposes that honorifics are used to display a ‘disciplined self,’ which further indexes a variety of social meanings. This study examined style shifts between the honorific and plain form in Japanese video game commentary monologues. We found that instances of honorific form can be grouped into four categories regarding their contextual functions: to make an announcement, to indicate seriousness, conventionalized formulae, and to quote others. This conclusion supports Cook’s proposal.
Narrow scoping content question items in shifty contexts: A case of surprising non-quotation in Uyghur
Authors: Rabinovitch Jack Isaac
Published: May 2022

This paper analyses finite (indexically shifted) complements in Uyghur with narrow scoping content question items. Using novel data, this paper discusses the distribution of null subjects in Uyghur, which can be licensed without a controlle in embedded clauses except for interrogative intensional complements. I argue, following Suñer (1993), that complements with interrogative intensional interpretations (containing narrow scoping content question items) are syntactically larger than their extensional counterparts, containing a Force phrase (ForceP). Following Holmberg et al. (2009)’s theory of null subject licensing, I argue that Uyghur is a partial null subject language in which the heads of referential CPs contain a valued [D] feature which can check with the unvalued [uD] feature on typically controlled pronouns (in the Holmberg et al. 2009 sense), resulting in an interpretation in which the embedded (null) subject is not coreferent with a controller but rather some discourse provided individual. Referential CPs cannot be embedded directly under ForcePs, and so complements with narrow scoping content question items, which I take to be ForcePs, ban this kind of null subject.
Modeling language change in English first names
Authors: Williams Savannah Jane , Renwick Margaret
Published: May 2022

Some lexical classes are more susceptible to the effects of sound symbolism, a hypothesized relationship where speech sounds represent non-phonetic properties. Sound symbolic principles are manifested in male and female personal names in English. While previous research found distinct differences between female and male names in English, the current study fills a gap in existing research by adopting a diachronic perspective: male and female names are compared to each other as well as to themselves across time. Statistical analysis was conducted via a generalized additive model in R, using a data of 5600 names sourced from the United States Social Security Administration. The study finds that female names are longer, more likely to end in a vowel, and less likely to have initial primary stress, and that names for both sexes exhibit change over time, shifting towards a pattern previously associated with female names.
Some syntactic properties of psychological adverbs in Japanese
Authors: Miura Kaori
Published: May 2022

This paper presents a comprehensive theory for the licensing of Japanese Psychological Adverbs (PAs, e.g. oisiku ‘deliciously’, omosiroku ‘interestingly’) being grounded on their syntactic, interpretations, and lexical properties. PAs can appear in at least three different types of constructions. One of the constructions where Agent of the main verb and Experiencer of a PA is identical will be examined in particular. Investigating their syntactic and semantic characteristics, the paper claims that PAs are structurally licensed when they are c-command by the local Agent, following the same structural condition that Ernst (2002) argues for subject-oriented (SO) adverbs. There is a set of data that seems to contradict this condition, but I argue that the data indeed exhibits PAs’ another property: they are polarity-sensitive. In order to comprise this lexical property into the condition aforementioned, I classify PAs into three types being based on Ernst’s (2009) PPI trichotomy for speaker-oriented adverbs (SpOAs).
“One does not simply categorize a meme”: A dual classification system for visual-textual internet memes
Authors: Cochrane Leslie , Johnson Alexandra , Lay Aubrey , Helmandollar Ginny
Published: May 2022

Internet memes are a popular and long-standing genre of discourse on social media platforms, used to express everything from emotional states to political opinions. Dancygier and Vandelanotte (2017) define internet memes as intertextual, multimodal discourses that combine text with images. In order to capture and compare these rapidly-changing discourses, we propose a descriptive dual classification system for memes with two components: meme composition and multimodal quality. Meme composition categorizes memes by their structure—beyond the individual images they employ—and thus explains how memes recontextualize images and text to create new meanings. Multimodal quality serves to describe the way(s) that the text interacts with the image in the meme: as a caption, label, and/or utterance. Combining one meme composition with one or more multimodal qualities classifies an individual meme structurally and provides a basis for explaining its intertextuality, modality, and meaning-making. We apply the dual classification system to English language data collected in its naturally-occurring context on the social media platform Instagram from 2019 to 2021. Analysis of these data shows that the dual classification system is a flexible and robust approach which provides a vocabulary for discussing the creative agency exerted by meme creators in a wide range of communities. We argue that the dual classification system affords researchers the ability to study memes linguistically across a variety of platforms and over time.
Children are more sensitive to the Recursive Set-Subset Ordering than to Adjective Ordering Restrictions
Authors: Bleotu Adina Camelia , Roeper Tom
Published: May 2022

The current paper investigates experimentally whether, in a context requiring identifying green leaves out of a set of long leaves, Romanian 4-year-olds and adults choose to place the Color adjective closer to the noun than the Size adjectives in accordance with a more rigid adjective ordering depending on the (type of) semantic property, or whether they choose to place the Set adjective closer to the noun than the Subset adjective, irrespective of the semantic property specified by the adjective (Size or Color). We find that both Romanian adults and children are more sensitive to the Set-Subset distinction, preferring to refer to the subset of green leaves out of a set of long leaves through frunzele mari verzi ‘the green long leaves’. We argue that adjectives are primarily ordered by a Recursive Set-Subset Ordering Constraint (RSSO), while orderings of adjectives in terms of properties such as Size and Color are cognitive.
A unified analysis of polar particles in Farsi
Authors: Mohammadi Maryam
Published: May 2022

Polar Response Particles (PRPs) have been widely studied in the literature, discussing the essence of their ambiguity in polarity and (dis)agreement reading sys- tems (Pope 1976) and what affects the reading preference. In languages like English and Farsi, in which the same particles satisfy both readings, PRPs are ambiguous in response to negative initiatives (including questions and assertions). In Farsi, on the other hand, PRPs are not only used in assertive responses to polar initiatives, but they also appear in interrogatives like tag questions and alternative questions. In this paper, I propose a unified analysis of PRPs in Farsi in both forms. My analysis is based on the feature marking account (Roelofsen and Farkas 2015), and I propose a lexical ambiguity that can benefit the account for interrogative forms too. Moreover, I claim that bias in the initiatives affect the reading variation in ambiguous cases, in the sense that the stronger the bias in the antecedent the higher preference for the (dis)agreement reading over the comparison to polarity reading.
“You don’t know nothin’ bout no Earth, Wind, and Fire”: Reexamining negative concord and definiteness in African American English
Authors: Hall Christopher , Jones Taylor
Published: May 2022

AAE is described as exhibiting negative concord, similar to other varieties of English, in which negation licenses c-commanded n-words as well as Negative Polarity Items (NPIs). Crucially, these are thought to be licensed only when the noun phrase they modify is indefinite. Here, our object of study is an under-described phenomenon in AAE: under certain discourse conditions, AAE licenses no before a definite noun phrase (as in “You don't know nothin’ bout no Kendrick Lamar”). We argue that this phenomenon should not be situated in the syntax (as a previously unattested definite n-word), but rather in pragmatics, as speakers “demote” definite NPs to indefinite as part of a discourse strategy of signaling disagreement with, and rejection of, listener assumptions. This has implications for existing analyses of AAE negation, and for cross-dialect comprehension, camouflage constructions, and linguistic ideologies and discrimination. We also revisit existing canonical examples of AAE negation in light of this new analysis (eg., “it ain't no cat can't get in no coop” in Labov 1972).
Binary-constrained code-switching among non-binary French-English bilinguals
Authors: Kaplan Jennifer
Published: May 2022

This paper presents data on non-binary French-English bilinguals’ metalinguistic analyses of their code-switching behavior in discussing their gender identities. Six non-binary French-English bilinguals were recruited for sociolinguistic interviews via Montréal-based LGBT+ organizations and asked about their experiences using non-binary French and English, especially how they describe themselves in each language. Participants’ preferences for using English to describe issues of gender identity reveals a particular type of topic-based code-switching is utilized in this community—a novel phenomenon that I have deemed Binary-Constrained Code-Switching, where participants switch out of an L1 (French) into an L2 (English) because they perceive their L1 as lacking the appropriate lexicon or grammatical features, specifically non-binary pronouns and gender agreement markers, to index their gender identities. In parallel to their dispreference for using French to describe their gender identities, participants’ preference for using English correlated with their perceptions of English as a more gender-neutral language than French, as well as a language with more linguistic resources—chiefly, vocabulary— to describe LGBT+ identities (c.f. queer). The data presented here not only supplement the primarily binary gender models found in extant studies of socially-motivated code-switching, but also provide greater evidence for the perceptual link between grammatical gender and social gender.
Deriving a complex BIN through adverbial BIN complexes
Authors: Whitmal Ayana
Published: May 2022

Work by Green (1998) discusses 3 sub-types of stressed BIN in African American English (AAE): stative, habitual, and completive. BIN constructions that co-occur with temporal adverbials exhibit limited grammaticality, with each sub-type differing in how they interact with these adverbials. Non-BIN constructions that involve multiple instances in the same clause of adverbials of the same class exhibit restrictions that resemble BIN + adverbial data. Drawing on works that analyze BIN as a remote past marker (Rickford 1975, Green 1998) and on works connecting adverbial position to interpretation (Ernst 2020), I argue that BIN is an adverbial itself that situates the initiation of an eventuality in the remote past. This adverbial BIN, in concert with certain combinations of tense and aspect, forms a complex that makes up the canonical BIN construction.
The closeness constraint on focus association and the syntax of Q-particles
Authors: Yang Muyi
Published: May 2022

While in some languages focus association at a distance is possible, in some languages, focus particles must be as close to their associates as possible. In this paper, I argue that the closeness constraint is attested also in wh-questions. The evidence comes from Sinhala (Indo-Aryan) wh-questions, in which the Q-particle is restricted to positions that are as close to the wh-word as possible. I show that this constraint poses challenges for the existing analyses of Sinhala wh-questions, and present a new account under which the Q-particle undergoes phase-constrained overt movement.
The efficacy and safety of Tanghuang Jiangu capsule in the treatment osteoporosis: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors:   Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, su hui , xue haipeng , wang ruochong , tan guoqing , yan binghan , xu zhanwang
Published: May 2022

Review question / Objective: In order to more systematically and accurately evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Tenghuang Jiangu capsule in the treatment of osteoporosis, we used Meta-analysis to provide more reliable evidence-based medical evidence for the treatment of osteoporosis with traditional Chinese medicine. Condition being studied: At present, Tenghuang Jiangu capsule is widely used in clinical practice to treat spinal diseases and improve osteoporosis.Therefore, in order to more systematically and accurately evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Tenghuang Jiangu capsule in the treatment of osteoporosis, we used Meta-analysis to provide more reliable evidence-based medical evidence for the treatment of osteoporosis with traditional Chinese medicine.
Ruta graveolens L: A Medicinal Herb
Authors:   Department of Botany, Padmashri Vikhe Patil College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Pravaranagar, Kharde Mahesh N , Jadhav Prerana D ,   Department of Botany, Padmashri Vikhe Patil College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Pravaranagar, Wabale Anil S ,   Department of Botany, Padmashri Vikhe Patil College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Pravaranagar
Published: May 2022

Ruta graveolens L. is a member belonging to family Rutaceae. It is strongly odoriferous evergreen herb, distributed throughout the world. It is vernacularly known as Satap, Sadab, and Garden Rue. In traditional system of medicine, Ruta is used to cure cough, cold and fever. It possesses many medicinally important properties; hence the present review is undertaken to evaluate the medicinal properties of the Ruta.
SMARTPHONE ADDICTION AND CYBERBULLYING VICTIMIZATION: PREVALENCE OF SOCIAL ANXIETY AMONG FEMALE UNDERGRADUATES
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, The Presidency College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, INDIA, M.S Sujamani , Usha Rani Dr.S. ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Women’s Christian College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, INDIA., Umarhathab Syed ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Published: May 2022

Smartphone pervasiveness is a global issue among teenagers, and the continual presence of smartphones has a negative impact on their well-being. With the extensive, daily use of the Internet and smartphones, young people are at increased risk to be exposed to some form of cyberbullying (Ljepava, & Tomic, 2019). Cyberbullying is a public health issue that affects mostly women and causes them grief and anxiety. Cyber-victimization has the ability to inflict serious harm as well as increased social anxiety. Cyberbullying is a common social maladjustment that has negative repercussions on the wellbeing and development of adolescents, but numerous questions remain as to the relationship between cyberbullying and social anxiety in adolescence (Martínez-Monteagudo et al, 2020). The primary purpose of the present study is to explore the relationship between social anxiety and cyberbullying victimization among female undergraduates and to establish if smartphone addiction moderates the above relationship. Ex-post facto research design and purposive sampling technique were adopted in the present study. Data was collected from samples (69 female undergraduate students) through self-reported questionnaires covering smartphone addiction, cyber bullying victimization, and social anxiety as variables. Moderator analyses were performed using SPSS 22.0. The results revealed higher the social anxiety, the higher the cyberbullying victimization, and the higher the smartphone addiction, the higher the cyberbullying victimization. Understanding the relationship between social anxiety and cyberbullying victimization and the impact of smartphone addiction could help the researchers to develop effective coping strategies, to prevent or combat the progression of social anxiety
Cashless Society: Managing Privacy and Security
Authors:   Department of CSE, Sreyas Institute of Engineering and Technology, Sudhakar M , Ananya G ,   Department of CSE, Sreyas Institute of Engineering and Technology, Iswarya Lakshmi K ,   Department of CSE, Sreyas Institute of Engineering and Technology, Rishitha K ,   Department of CSE, Sreyas Institute of Engineering and Technology, Joshnavi G ,   Department of CSE, Sreyas Institute of Engineering and Technology
Published: May 2022

A cashless society is an economic state which handles financial transactions not in the form of traditional mediums of currency, such as cash or coins, but by transferring digital data between participating parties. Balancing both the individual privacy along with data security is vital in the information age. In order to increase privacy in a cashless society, a new kind of banking service that assigns randomized numbers to credit cards, and the usage of blockchain to monitor all transactions from individuals, and a campaign to educate and inform key stakeholders about security and privacy risks to provide the necessary tools and interaction with a foreign entity or other third parties. Blockchain and card randomization are both susceptible to zero-day errors, bugs and varied levels of social acceptance. This study provides critical and crucial steps to prevent the loss of privacy of an individual in a cashless system.
A new record of Tremellodendropsis tuberosa (Grev.) D.A. Crawford, from India
Authors:   Department of Botany, St. Andrew’s College, Gorakhpur - 273001, Uttar Pradesh, India, Tripathi Kshama , Prakash Preeti ,   Department of Botany, St. Andrew’s College, Gorakhpur - 273001, Uttar Pradesh, India, Pathak Harshita ,   Department of Botany, St. Andrew’s College, Gorakhpur - 273001, Uttar Pradesh, India, Singh Nootan ,   Department of Botany, St. Andrew’s College, Gorakhpur - 273001, Uttar Pradesh, India, Singh Shashank K ,   Department of Botany, St. Andrew’s College, Gorakhpur - 273001, Uttar Pradesh, India, Rajkumar Savariraj Dominic ,   Department of Botany, St. Andrew’s College, Gorakhpur - 273001, Uttar Pradesh, India
Published: May 2022

Tremellodendropsis tuberosa (Basidiomycota) is described and illustrated from the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. The study area which is at the foot hills of Himalayas is rich in diversity. This is the first report of Agaricobiota (Fungi: Basidiomycota) from India. This is a rare and interesting fungi found in the forest-steppe zone, on dead stems of the trees.
Maximum likelihood estimation of the generalised Gompertz distribution under progressively first-failure censored sampling
Authors: Ashour Samir K. , El-Sheikh Ahmed A. , Elshahhat Ahmed
Published: May 2022

In this paper, the maximum likelihood estimators of the unknown parameters, as well as some lifetime parameters survival and hazard rate functions, of a three-parameter generalised Gompertz lifetime model based on progressively first-failure censored sampling are obtained. Approximate confidence intervals for the unknown parameters and the reliability characteristics are constructed based on the s-normal approximation to the asymptotic distribution of maximum likelihood estimators. Although the proposed estimators cannot be expressed in explicit forms, these can be easily obtained through the use of appropriate numerical techniques. Finally, a real data set has been analysed for illustrative purposes.
Estimating survival distributions for time-varying SMART designs
Authors: Vilakati S. , Cortese G.
Published: May 2022

Treatment of complex diseases such as cancer, HIV, leukemia and depression usually follows complex treatment sequences. In two-stage randomization designs, patients are randomized to first-stage treatments, and upon response, a second randomization to the second-stage treatments is done. The clinical goal in such trials is to achieve a response such as complete remission of leukemia, 50% shrinkage of solid tumor or increase in CD4 count in HIV patients. These responses are presumed to predict longer survival. The focus in two-stage randomization designs with survival endpoints is on estimating survival distributions and comparing different treatment policies. In this article, we propose a parametric approach for estimating survival distributions in time-varying SMART designs. To evaluate the performance of our approach, a simulation study is conducted. The results of the simulation study reveal that the new approach gives survival probabilities that are less biased and more precise than the nonparametric methods. The new method is applied to a data set from a leukemia clinical trial.
On the conditional distribution of the mean of the two closest among a set of three observations
Authors: Visagie I. J. H. , Lombard F.
Published: May 2022

Chemical analyses of raw materials are often repeated in duplicate or triplicate. The assay values obtained are then combined using a predetermined formula to obtain an estimate of the true value of the material of interest. When duplicate observations are obtained, their average typically serves as an estimate of the true value. On the other hand, the "best of three" method involves taking three measurements and using the average of the two closest ones as estimate of the true value. In this paper, we consider another method which potentially involves three measurements. Initially two measurements are obtained and if their difference is sufficiently small, their average is taken as estimate of the true value. However, if the difference is too large then a third independent measurement is obtained. The estimator is then defined as the average between the third observation and the one among the first two which is closest to it. Our focus in the paper is the conditional distribution of the estimate in cases where the initial difference is too large. We find that the conditional distributions are markedly different under the assumption of a normal distribution and a Laplace distribution.
Planets Across Space and Time (PAST). III. Morphology of the Planetary Radius Valley as a Function of Stellar Age and Metallicity in the Galactic Context Revealed by the LAMOST-Gaia-Kepler Sample
Authors: Chen Di-Chang , Xie Ji-Wei , Zhou Ji-Lin. , Yang Jia-Yi , Dong Subo , Zhu Zi , Zheng Zheng , Liu Chao , Zong Weikai , Luo Ali
Published: May 2022

The radius valley, a dip in the radius distribution of exoplanets at ∼1.9 R
⊕, separates compact rocky super-Earths and sub-Neptunes with lower density. Various hypotheses have been put forward to explain the radius valley. Characterizing the radius valley morphology and its correlation to stellar properties will provide crucial observation constraints on its origin mechanism and deepen the understanding of planet formation and evolution. In this paper, the third part of the Planets Across Space and Time series, using the LAMOST-Gaia-Kepler catalog, we perform a systematical investigation into how the radius valley morphology varies in the Galactic context, i.e., thin/thick galactic disks, stellar age, and metallicity abundance ([Fe/H] and [α/Fe]). We find the following: (1) The valley becomes more prominent with the increase of both age and [Fe/H]. (2) The number ratio of super-Earths to sub-Neptunes monotonically increases with age but decreases with [Fe/H] and [α/Fe]. (3) The average radius of planets above the valley (2.1–6 R
⊕) decreases with age but increases with [Fe/H]. (4) In contrast, the average radius of planets below the valley (R < 1.7 R
⊕) is broadly independent of age and metallicity. Our results demonstrate that the valley morphology, as well as the whole planetary radius distribution, evolves on a long timescale of gigayears, and metallicities (not only Fe but also other metal elements, e.g., Mg, Si, Ca, Ti) play important roles in planet formation and in the long-term planetary evolution.
The Physical Properties of the SVS 13 Protobinary System: Two Circumstellar Disks and a Spiraling Circumbinary Disk in the Making
Authors: Diaz-Rodriguez Ana K. , Anglada Guillem , Blázquez-Calero Guillermo , Osorio Mayra , Gómez José F. , Fuller Gary A. , Estalella Robert , Torrelles José M. , Cabrit Sylvie , Rodríguez Luis F. , Lefèvre Charlène , Macías Enrique , Carrasco-González Carlos , Zapata Luis A. , de Gregorio-Monsalvo Itziar , Ho Paul T. P.
Published: May 2022

We present Very Large Array (VLA) and Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of the close (0.″3 = 90 au separation) protobinary system SVS 13. We detect two small circumstellar disks (radii ∼12 and ∼9 au in dust, and ∼30 au in gas) with masses of ∼0.004–0.009 M
☉ for VLA 4A (the western component) and ∼0.009–0.030 M
☉ for VLA 4B (the eastern component). A circumbinary disk with prominent spiral arms extending ∼500 au and a mass of ∼0.052 M
☉ appears to be in the earliest stages of formation. The dust emission is more compact and with a very high optical depth toward VLA 4B, while toward VLA 4A the dust column density is lower, allowing the detection of stronger molecular transitions. We infer rotational temperatures of ∼140 K, on scales of ∼30 au, across the whole source, and a rich chemistry. Molecular transitions typical of hot corinos are detected toward both protostars, being stronger toward VLA 4A, with several ethylene glycol transitions detected only toward this source. There are clear velocity gradients, which we interpret in terms of infall plus rotation of the circumbinary disk, and pure rotation of the circumstellar disk of VLA 4A. We measured orbital proper motions and determined a total stellar mass of 1 M
☉. From the molecular kinematics, we infer the geometry and orientation of the system, and stellar masses of ∼0.26 M
☉ for VLA 4A and ∼0.60 M
☉ for VLA 4B.