bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Capturing complex star dune dynamics—repeated highly accurate surveys combining multitemporal 3D topographic measurements and local wind data
Authors: Herzog Manuel , Anders Katharina , Höfle Bernhard , Bubenzer Olaf
Published: May 2022

Morphologies of highly complex star dunes are the result of aeolian dynamics in past and present times. These dynamics reflect climatic conditions and associated forces like sediment availability and vegetation cover, as well as feedbacks with adjacent environments. However, an understanding of aeolian dynamics on star dune morphometries is still lacking sufficient detail, and their influence on formation and evolution remains unclear. We therefore investigate the dynamics of a complex star dune (Erg Chebbi, Morocco) by analysing wind measurements compared to morphometric changes derived from multitemporal high‐accuracy 3D observations during two surveys (October 2018 and February 2020). Using real‐time kinematic global navigation satellite system (RTK‐GNSS) measurements and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), the reaction of a star dune surface to an observed constant unimodal sand‐moving wind is presented. TLS point clouds are used for morphometric analysis as well as direct surface change analysis, which relates to sand transport. RTK‐GNSS measurements enable the assessment of horizontal crest movement. Observed surface changes lead to the identification of an overall shielding effect, resulting in sand accumulation mainly on windward slopes. Our results point to a self‐sustained dune growth, which has not yet been described in such spatial detail. Steep slopes, often found on star dunes around the globe, seem to partly hinder upslope sand transport. Though a comparatively short observation period, we therefore hypothesize that, besides wind intensity alone, slope angles are more decisive for sand transport than previously assumed. Our methodological approach of combining meteorological data and high‐resolution multitemporal 3D elevation models can be used for monitoring all dune forms and contributes to a general understanding of dune dynamics and evolution.
Association of A‐ and I‐type granitoids in the central Aravalli orogen, Rajasthan: Implications for the Neoproterozoic tectonic evolution of north‐west India
Authors: Tiwana Jaideep K. , Kaur Parampreet , Chaudhri Naveen
Published: May 2022

We present new mineralogical and geochemical data for the granitoid plutons of the Neoproterozoic Sendra Granitoid Suite, central Aravalli orogen, north‐west India to constrain their petrogenesis and tectonic setting. The granitoids can be classified into two groups: (a) A‐type Chang, Chitar, Borwar, and Seliberi plutons and (b) I‐type Jaitpura pluton. The available geochronological data (zircon U–Pb ages) suggest that all the granitoids are coeval at 990–970 Ma. The granitoids are mostly granite sensu stricto, with subordinate granodiorite and rare tonalite. The rocks are metaluminous to mildly peraluminous and have high total REE abundances. Nevertheless, there are also certain geochemical differences between A‐type and I‐type granitoids. The I‐type granitoids have relatively high Al2O3 and CaO concentrations and show significant fractionation with increasing SiO2. The least fractionated sample contains low abundances of the HFSE and has low Fe‐number and Ga/Al ratios. In contrast, the A‐type granitoids have lower CaO and higher HFSE concentrations, Fe‐number, and Ga/Al ratios. Both A‐type and I‐type granitoids show negative Ba, Sr, Nb, P, Ti, and Eu anomalies, and are characterized by high zircon‐saturation temperatures (801–977°C). The present data suggest that rocks of the Sendra Granitoid Suite were generated predominantly by partial melting of mafic sources at high temperatures and emplaced in a post‐collisional extensional regime. Moreover, our study provides evidence of the preserved post‐collisional extensional magmatism subsequent to the subduction during the assembly of the Rodinia supercontinent, which is otherwise relatively less prevalent over intra‐plate or within‐plate magmatism during this time period.
Procurement from local producers for food service in primary and secondary school settings: A scoping review
Authors: Galloway Claire , Devine Sue , Parison Julie , Jones Holley‐Anne
Published: May 2022

Issue addressed

Australian school canteen guidelines do not broadly incentivise procuring food from local producers, despite evidence of this occurring abroad. This scoping review aims to investigate what is known about local food procurement for school foodservice.

Methods

A scoping review of peer‐reviewed articles published since 2000 was undertaken using MEDLINE, CINAHL and Scopus.

Results

Twenty‐one studies met the inclusion criteria. Local food was generally perceived as fresher and more nutritious. Small, positive impacts on fruit and vegetable intake have been demonstrated when food is procured locally. Challenges identified included concerns around food safety, varied availability, time spent coordinating food supply, lack of incentive from regional or national guidelines, inadequate kitchen facilities and budget constraints.

Conclusions

There is no universal definition or standard for procuring ‘local food’. The main motivation for local food procurement was a sense of social responsibility, however there are barriers, including cost, facilities and food safety. Purchasing food locally holds potential to benefit the local economy but government funding and policy supporting local and small‐scale producers is an important enabler.

So what?

Government support to build stakeholder capacity is important in establishing and maintaining these programmes and would be crucial in achieving change in Australian schools. Investigating feasibility of a national school lunch service would be beneficial, as these programmes may have merit not just in feeding children but also in supporting the local economy. Further research is warranted in this area.
Effect of salt fingers on heat transfer for different non‐uniform concentration profiles in a micropolar liquid
Authors: Daniel Nisha Mary , N Arun Kumar , Lingamneni Vennela , Tom Tessy
Published: May 2022

This paper discusses the theoretical aspects of the effect of salt fingers on heat transfer for different non‐uniform concentration profiles in a micropolar liquid layer kept between two parallel plates of infinite extent separated by a thin layer, heated and soluted from above. The onset of salt finger convection (convection due to the salt finger process) is studied through the linear stability analysis theory. The system of partial differential equations is solved numerically using the normal mode analysis method and the required solution is found by applying the Galerkin method. The effect of heat transfer and concentration of micropolar liquid is obtained for (i) free–free, (ii) rigid–rigid, and (iii) rigid–free isothermal, permeable with no‐spin boundary conditions. The effect of different micropolar parameters (i.e., coupling parameter, micropolar heat conduction parameter, couple stress parameter, and inertia parameter) has been analyzed on the onset of stationary convection, and the results are depicted graphically. It is shown that different non‐uniform concentration gradients, diffusivity ratio, coupling parameter, and solutal Rayleigh number influence the heat transfer in the system. The phase of concentration flow for different boundary conditions is compared and analyzed.
Progress in the correlation of postoperative cognitive dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease and the potential therapeutic drug exploration
Authors: Chen Dong‐Qin , Fang Xu , Zhu Zhao‐Qiong
Published: May 2022

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a decrease in mental capacity that can occur days to weeks after a medical procedure and may become permanent and rarely lasts for a longer period of time. With the continuous development of research, various viewpoints in academic circles have undergone subtle changes, and the role of anesthesia depth and anesthesia type seems to be gradually weakened; Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a latent and progressive neurodegenerative disease in the elderly. The protein hypothesis and the synaptic hypothesis are well‐known reasons. These changes will also lead to the occurrence of an inflammatory cascade. The exact etiology and pathogenesis need to be studied. The reasonable biological mechanism affecting brain protein deposition, neuroinflammation, and acetylcholine‐like effect has a certain relationship between AD and POCD. Whereas there is still further uncertainty about the mechanism and treatment, and it is elusive whether POCD is a link in the continuous progress of AD or a separate entity, which has doubts about the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Therefore, this review is based on the current common clinical characteristics of AD and POCD, and pathophysiological research, to search for their common points and explore the direction and new strategies for future treatment.
Intralesional margin after excision of a high‐grade osteosarcoma: Is it a catastrophe?
Authors: Tsagkozis Panagiotis , Gaston Czar L. , Styring Emelie , Haglund Felix , Grimer Robert
Published: May 2022

Background and Objectives

Treatment of high‐grade osteosarcoma (OS) relies on a combination of systemic chemotherapy and radical surgical excision of the tumor. Little is known on what happens in case of an irrefutably inadequate (intralesional) margin. We aimed to describe the outcome of patients with high‐grade OSs of the trunk and the extremities where planned wide resection resulted in an intralesional margin.

Methods

A retrospective study from the Scandinavian Sarcoma Group registry and the Royal Orthopaedic Hospital databases including data from 53 patients surgically treated between the years 1990 and 2017.

Results

Local recurrence was observed in 13/53 patients. All patients with local recurrence where the neoadjuvant chemotherapy response could be retrieved (n = 9) were shown to be poor responders. None of the patients with good response to chemotherapy relapsed. Postoperative radiotherapy was not associated with improved local control of the disease. Re‐excision surgery was performed in only seven patients, and two of them had tumor relapse.

Conclusions

Good response to chemotherapy salvages the outcome of surgical excision with a poor margin in patients with high‐grade OSs and a watchful waiting strategy may be justified in these cases. Poor responders have a higher recurrence risk and their approach should be individualized.
Four‐dimensional computed tomography of the left ventricle, Part I: Motion artifact reduction
Authors: Pack Jed D. , Manohar Ashish , Ramani Sathish , Claus Bernhard , Yin Zhye , Contijoch Francisco J. , Schluchter Andrew J. , McVeigh Elliot R.
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Standard four‐dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) cardiac reconstructions typically include spiraling artifacts that depend not only on the motion of the heart but also on the gantry angle range over which the data was acquired. We seek to reduce these motion artifacts and, thereby, improve the accuracy of left ventricular wall positions in 4DCT image series.

Methods

We use a motion artifact reduction approach (ResyncCT) that is based largely on conjugate pairs of partial angle reconstruction (PAR) images. After identifying the key locations where motion artifacts exist in the uncorrected images, paired subvolumes within the PAR images are analyzed with a modified cross‐correlation function in order to estimate 3D velocity and acceleration vectors at these locations. A subsequent motion compensation process (also based on PAR images) includes the creation of a dense motion field, followed by a backproject‐and‐warp style compensation. The algorithm was tested on a 3D printed phantom, which represents the left ventricle (LV) and on challenging clinical cases corrupted by severe artifacts.

Results

The results from our preliminary phantom test as well as from clinical cardiac scans show crisp endocardial edges and resolved double‐wall artifacts. When viewed as a temporal series, the corrected images exhibit a much smoother motion of the LV endocardial boundary as compared to the uncorrected images. In addition, quantitative results from our phantom studies show that ResyncCT processing reduces endocardial surface distance errors from 0.9 ± 0.8 to 0.2 ± 0.1 mm.

Conclusions

The ResyncCT algorithm was shown to be effective in reducing motion artifacts and restoring accurate wall positions. Some perspectives on the use of conjugate‐PAR images and on techniques for CT motion artifact reduction more generally are also given.
How we approach paediatric renal tumour core needle biopsy in the setting of preoperative chemotherapy: A Review from the SIOP Renal Tumour Study Group
Authors: Jackson Thomas J. , Brisse Herve J. , Pritchard‐Jones Kathy , Nakata Kayo , Morosi Carlo , Oue Takahara , Irtan Sabine , Vujanic Gordan , van den Heuvel‐Eibrink Marry M. , Graf Norbert , Chowdhury Tanzina ,   SIOP RTSG Biopsy Working Group
Published: May 2022

The International Society of Paediatric Oncology Renal Tumour Study Group (SIOP‐RTSG) advocate treating children with Wilms tumour (WT) with preoperative chemotherapy, whereas the Renal Tumor Committee of the Children's Oncology Group (COG) advocates primary nephrectomy (without biopsy) when feasible. Successive SIOP‐RTSG trial protocols recommended pretreatment biopsy of children with unilateral tumours only where there were features to suggest an increased probability of a non‐WT requiring a change in management. The UK experience in the SIOP WT 2001 trial showed that an alternate approach of performing biopsies on all children with renal tumour masses to determine histology at diagnosis rarely changes management, and can result in misdiagnosis (particularly patients in the age range typical for WT). Although a more selective approach to biopsy has been routine practice in all other countries participating in SIOP‐RTSG trials, there was variation between national groups. To address this variation and provide evidence‐based recommendations for the indications and recommended approach to renal tumour biopsy within the SIOP paradigm, an international, multidisciplinary working group of SIOP‐RTSG members was convened. We describe the resulting recommendations of this group, which are to be incorporated in the ongoing SIOP‐RTSG UMBRELLA study.
Synthesis of Novel Artemisinin Derivatives and Their Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Esen Meryem , Kavak Emrah , Ozok‐Arici Omruye , Ulas Berdan , Kivrak Hilal , Kivrak Arif
Published: May 2022

In present, new artemisinin‐based organic compounds (1–6) are designed and synthesized in excellent yields (up to 97 %) via Steglich Esterification reactions. All new artemisinin derivatives are tested as anode catalysts for hydrazine electrooxidation reactions with electrochemical methods in 1 M KOH/0.5 M N2H4 solution. Hybrid molecule 1 exhibits the best catalytic activity in hydrazine electrooxidation reaction with 2.28 mA cm−2 value. Moreover, response surface methodology (RSM) is applied to investigate of optimum electrode conditions. By using optimum conditions, hydrazine electrooxidation is obtained as 3.55324 mA cm−2. As a result, artemisinin‐based hybrid compounds may be alternative, and next‐generation anode catalyst for direct hydrazine fuel cells.
Dual‐Function of Cation‐Doping to Activate Cationic and Anionic Redox in a Mn‐Based Sodium‐Layered Oxide Cathode
Authors: Ni Qing , Zhao Yongjie , Yuan Xuanyi , Li Jingbo , Jin Haibo
Published: May 2022

Recently, sodium‐ion batteries have shown great potential for energy storage owing to their favorable electrochemical properties and intrinsic cost performance, which fuels the research and development of Mn‐based layered oxides as promising sodium‐ion cathodes. However, the undesirable structural evolution and oxygen redox impose great challenge on the cycling stability and rate capability of such cathodes. In this work, it is reported that Fe and Al can effectively tailor the Na2/3Mn2/3Fe1/6Al1/6O2 to trigger a stable cationic and anionic redox behavior. In situ X‐ray diffraction analysis confirms the retention of a stable P2 phase upon cycling, and density functional theory results demonstrate that Al3+ doping can strengthen the covalency of MnO bond. The Na2/3Mn2/3Fe1/6Al1/6O2 cathode can retain 90% of its initial capacity within the voltage range of 2.0–4.2 V versus Na+/Na at 200 mA g‐1 after 100 cycles. Moreover, ex situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals that the specific capacity can be replenished by the synergistic reactions between Fe3+/Fe4+/Fe3+ and O2‐/(O2)n‐ pairs within the voltage range of 4.0–4.4 V versus Na+/Na, which is also elucidated by theoretical calculation.
Spheres Multiple Physical Network‐Based Triboelectric Materials for Self‐Powered Contactless Sensing
Authors: Zhang Wanglin , Lu Yanxu , Liu Tao , Zhao Jiamin , Liu Yanhua , Fu Qiu , Mo Jilong , Cai Chenchen , Nie Shuangxi
Published: May 2022

Non‐contact mode triboelectric nanogenerators effectively avoid physical contact between two triboelectric materials and achieve long‐term reliable operation, providing broad application prospects in the field of self‐powered sensing. However, the low surface charge density of triboelectric materials restricts application of contactless sensing. Herein, by controlling Rayleigh Instability deformation of the spinning jet and vapor‐induced phase separation during electrostatic spinning, a polyvinylidene fluoride@Mxene (Ti3C2Tx) composite film with spheres multiple physical network structures is prepared and utilized as the triboelectric material of a self‐powered contactless sensor. The structure of the composite film and high conductivity of Ti3C2Tx provide triboelectric materials with high output performance (charge output and power output up to 128 µC m–2 and 200 µW cm–2 at 2 Hz) and high output stability. The self‐powered contactless sensor shows excellent speed sensitivity (1.175 Vs m–1). Additionally, it could accurately identify the motion states such as running (55 mV), jumping (105 mV), and walking (40 mV) within the range of 70 cm, and present the signals in different pop forms. This work lays a solid foundation for the development and application of high‐performance triboelectric materials, and has guiding significance for the research of self‐powered contactless sensing.
Multivariate Synthetic Strategy for Improving Crystallinity of Zwitterionic Squaraine‐Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks with Enhanced Photothermal Performance
Authors: Ding Ning , Zhou Ting , Weng Weijun , Lin Zheng , Liu Shujing , Maitarad Phornphimon , Wang Changchun , Guo Jia
Published: May 2022

Two‐dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) offer a designable platform to explore porous polyelectrolyte frameworks with periodic ionic skeletons and uniform pore channels. However, the crystallinity of ionized 2D COF is often far from satisfactory as the electrostatic assembly of structures impedes the ordered layered arrangement. Here, a multivariate synthetic strategy to synthesize a highly crystalline squaraine (SQ)‐linked zwitterionic 2D COF is proved. A neutral aldehyde monomer copolymerizes with squaric acid (SA) and amines in a controlled manner, resulting in the ionized COF with linkage heterogeneity in one tetragonal framework. Thus, the zwitterions of SQ are spatially isolated to minimize the electrostatic interaction and maintain the highly ordered layered stacking. With the addition of 85%–90% SA (relative to a total of aldehydes and SA), a fully SQ‐linked zwitterionic 2D COF is achieved by the in‐situ conversion of imine to SQ linkages. Such a highly crystalline SQ‐linked COF promotes absorptivity in a full spectrum and photothermal conversion performances, and in turn, it exhibits enhanced solar‐to‐vapor generation with an efficiency of as high as 92.19%. These results suggest that synthetically regulating charge distribution is desirable to constitute a family of new crystalline polyelectrolyte frameworks.
Evaporative Drying: A General and Readily Scalable Route to Spherical Nucleic Acids with Quantitative, Fully Tunable, and Record‐High DNA Loading
Authors: Ye Yichen , Hao Yan , Ye Meiyun , Song Xiaojun , Deng Zhaoxiang
Published: May 2022

Nanoparticles (NPs) grafted with highly dense DNA strands are termed as spherical nucleic acids (SNAs), which have important applications benefiting from various unique properties unpossessed by naturally occurring nucleic acids. To overcome existing challenges toward an ideal SNA synthesis, herein, a very simple, while highly effective evaporative drying strategy featuring various long‐desired advantages, is reported. This includes record‐high DNA loading, generality for more NP materials, fully and quantitatively tunable DNA density, and readiness toward bulk production. The process requires almost zero care and the solid products are especially suitable for a long‐time storage without quality degradation. The research reveals a quick and highly efficient packing of thiol‐tagged DNA on the NP surface at the critical moment of drying, which refreshes previous knowledge on DNA conjugation chemistry. Based on this advancement, practical applications of SNAs in various fields may become possible.
Presumed congenital nictitating membrane dysplasia in a Japanese white rabbit
Authors: Masatsugu Miki , Atsumi Ikuyo , Yamagiwa Yoshinori , Haranosono Yu , Kurata Masaaki
Published: May 2022

Objective

The present report characterises a spontaneous nictitating membrane abnormality in a Japanese white rabbit.

Animal studied

The animal was a male Japanese white rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus, Kbs:JW, 10 weeks old at the time of purchase) that had not received any treatment. A morphological abnormality of the nictitating membrane in the animal's right eye was detected.

Procedures

Ophthalmological examinations, including slit‐lamp biomicroscopy, corneal and conjunctival staining with fluorescein and lissamine green, fundoscopy, blinking rate measurement, Schirmer's tear test, and tonometry were performed. The animal was euthanised at 15 weeks of age, and histopathological examinations of the abnormal nictitating membrane, palpebral conjunctiva, eyelid and eyeball were performed.

Results

The tip of the nictitating membrane adhered to the palpebral conjunctiva of the medial canthus. The eye and periocular tissues showed no abnormalities in the ophthalmological examinations, except for the structure of the nictitating membrane. Histopathological examination revealed that the adhered site of the nictitating membrane and the palpebral conjunctiva consisted of dense fibrous connective tissue that was consecutive to the conjunctiva adjacent to the eyelid margin and lamina propria of the nictitating membrane. The fibrous connective tissue was covered with stratified squamous epithelium.

Conclusion

Based on these results, we diagnosed this abnormal finding as congenital nictitating membrane dysplasia. This paper is the first case report describing a congenital structural abnormality of the nictitating membrane in a Japanese white rabbit.
Variable‐rate infusion of adrenaline to manage hypotension in an anaesthetised goat
Authors: Casoria Vincenzo , Auckburally Adam , Rocchi Attilio
Published: May 2022

Treatment of hypotension in domestic ruminants is more challenging than in other species, due to strict drug legislation and a limited number of licensed drugs in food‐producing animals. The use of adrenaline as a variable‐rate infusion to improve haemodynamics is a viable treatment option when other interventions fail. Further studies are needed to establish appropriate infusion rates and potential side effects in goats.
Whooping and sandhill cranes visit upland ponds proportional to migration phenology on the Texas coast
Authors: Butler Matthew J. , Metzger Kristine L. , Sanspree Colt R. , Cain James W. , Harris Grant M.
Published: May 2022

Two crane species, whooping cranes (Grus americana) and sandhill cranes (Antigone canadensis), overwinter along the Texas Gulf Coast. Periodic, extreme drought conditions have prompted concerns that potential freshwater limitations could hinder conservation of cranes, especially endangered whooping cranes. In response, land managers constructed and maintained freshwater ponds in upland areas near saltmarshes on the wintering grounds. We monitored 30 of those constructed ponds using camera traps (1 Oct 2013–31 May 2014) to quantify crane visits. For each species, we modeled pond visits as a function of migration phenology and environmental variables at 2 scales. Pond‐scale variables included distance to saltmarsh and monthly salinity, and broad‐scale variables included bay salinity, drought index, and tide level. We found pond visits by both crane species followed migration phenology with the greatest pond use in January–February. Both crane species visited ponds more on the mainland than on Matagorda Island. Sandhill crane visits were fewer at ponds with higher salinities and those filled by well water. Cranes visited ponds during the diurnal period and tended to avoid visiting ponds during the first 10% of the day. Pond visits by whooping cranes were ≤0.15 times/pond/day and by sandhill cranes were ≤0.28 times/pond/day. Our results suggested crane visits to constructed ponds may not be as frequent as once assumed nor driven by tidal and salinity conditions in the bay. The greater number of crane visits to constructed ponds on the mainland compared to Matagorda Island may be related to shrub encroachment around natural freshwater swale wetlands on the mainland, which is not as prevalent of a problem on the island. With proper management, swales on the mainland may provide alternatives to constructed ponds for cranes to obtain freshwater and forage.
Speed Discrimination in the Apparent Haptic Motion Illusion
Authors: Lacôte I. , Gueorguiev D. , Pacchierotti C. , Babel M. , Marchal M.
Published: May 2022

When talking about the Apparent Haptic Motion (AHM) illusion, temporal parameters are the most discussed for providing the smoothest illusion. Nonetheless, it is rare to see studies addressing the impact of changing these parameters for conveying information about thevelocityof the elicited motion sensation. In our study, we investigate the discrimination of velocity changes in AHM and the robustness of this perception, considering two stimulating sensations and two directions of motion. Results show that participants were better at discriminating the velocity of the illusory motion when comparing stimulations with higher differences in the actuators activation delay. Results also show limitations for the integration of this approach in everyday life applications.
Fuzzy Dark Matter candidates from string theory
Authors: Cicoli Michele , Guidetti Veronica , Righi Nicole , Westphal Alexander
Published: May 2022

Abstract

String theory has been claimed to give rise to natural fuzzy dark matter candidates in the form of ultralight axions. In this paper we revisit this claim by a detailed study of how moduli stabilisation affects the masses and decay constants of different axion fields which arise in type IIB flux compactifications. We find that obtaining a considerable contribution to the observed dark matter abundance without tuning the axion initial misalignment angle is not a generic feature of 4D string models since it requires a mild violation of the Sf ≲ MP bound, where S is the instanton action and f the axion decay constant. Our analysis singles out C4-axions, C2-axions and thraxions as the best candidates to realise fuzzy dark matter in string theory. For all these ultralight axions we provide predictions which can be confronted with present and forthcoming observations.
Probing light mediators and (g − 2)μ through detection of coherent elastic neutrino nucleus scattering at COHERENT
Authors: Corona M. Atzori , Cadeddu M. , Cargioli N. , Dordei F. , Giunti C. , Li Y. F. , Picciau E. , Ternes C. A. , Zhang Y. Y.
Published: May 2022

Abstract

We present the constraints on the parameters of several light boson mediator models obtained from the analysis of the current data of the COHERENT CEνNS experiment. We consider a variety of vector boson mediator models: the so-called universal, the B − L and other anomaly-free U(1)′ gauge models with direct couplings of the new vector boson with neutrinos and quarks, and the anomaly-free Le− Lμ, Le− Lτ, and Lμ− Lτ gauge models where the coupling of the new vector boson with the quarks is generated by kinetic mixing with the photon at the one-loop level. We consider also a model with a new light scalar boson mediator that is assumed, for simplicity, to have universal coupling with quarks and leptons. Since the COHERENT CEνNS data are well-fitted with the cross section predicted by the Standard Model, the analysis of the data yields constraints for the mass and coupling of the new boson mediator that depend on the charges of quarks and neutrinos in each model under consideration. We compare these constraints with the limits obtained in other experiments and with the values that can explain the muon g − 2 anomaly in the models where the muon couples to the new boson mediator.
Optimal configuration of Protvino to ORCA experiment for hierarchy and non-standard interactions
Authors: Singha Dinesh Kumar , Ghosh Monojit , Majhi Rudra , Mohanta Rukmani
Published: May 2022

Abstract

In this paper, we study the hierarchy sensitivity of Protvino to ORCA (P2O) experiment in three flavour scenario as well as its sensitivity to non-standard interactions (NSI) in neutrino propagation. Because of the largest possible baseline length of 2595 km, P2O is expected to have strong sensitivity towards neutrino mass hierarchy and NSI parameters. In our study, we show that even though the number of appearance channel events for the minimal configuration of P2O are higher compared to DUNE, still the hierarchy sensitivity of P2O is less than DUNE because of large background events. Our results show that for a background reduction factor of 0.46 and appearance channel background systematic normalization error of 4%, the hierarchy sensitivity of P2O becomes equivalent of DUNE for δCP = 195°. We call this configuration of P2O as optimized P2O. Regarding the study of NSI, we find that, for ϵeμ (ϵeτ) sensitivity of DUNE is similar (better) as compared to optimized P2O when both ϵeμ and ϵeτ are included in the analysis. Our results show that in presence of NSI, the change of hierarchy sensitivity with respect to standard three flavor scenario, is higher in P2O as compared to DUNE. Further, hierarchy sensitivity in presence of NSI is lower (higher) than sensitivity in the standard three flavour scenario for δCP = 270°(90°). It is important to note that hierarchy sensitivity of optimized P2O does not get significantly better than DUNE for the current favourable values of δCP which is 180° < δCP< 360° as obtained by the global analysis in both standard three flavour and in presence of NSI.
Wilson coefficients and natural zeros from the on-shell viewpoint
Authors: Rose Luigi Delle , von Harling Benedict , Pomarol Alex
Published: May 2022

Abstract

We show how to simplify the calculation of the finite contributions from heavy particles to EFT Wilson coefficients by using on-shell methods. We apply the technique to the one-loop calculation of g − 2 and Hγγ, showing how finite contributions can be obtained from the product of tree-level amplitudes. In certain cases, due to a parity symmetry of these amplitudes, the total contribution adds up to zero, as previously found in the literature. Our method allows to search for new natural zeros, as well as to obtain non-zero contributions in a straightforward way.
Reheating and dark matter freeze-in in the Higgs-R2 inflation model
Authors: Aoki Shuntaro , Lee Hyun Min , Menkara Adriana G. , Yamashita Kimiko
Published: May 2022

Abstract

We study the post-inflationary dynamics for reheating and freeze-in dark matter in the Higgs-R2 inflation model. Taking the perturbative approach for reheating, we determine the evolution of the temperature for radiation bath produced during reheating and determine the maximum and reheating temperatures of the Universe. Adopting a singlet scalar dark matter with a conformal non-minimal coupling and a vanishing Higgs-portal coupling, we discuss the freeze-in production of dark matter both from the non-thermal scattering during reheating and the thermal scattering after reheating. We find that thermal scattering is dominant for dark matter production in our model due to the high reheating temperature. The reheating temperature in our model is determined dominantly by the Higgs condensate to be up to about 1014 GeV and dark matter with masses up to about 109 GeV can be produced with a correct relic density.
Shifted quiver quantum toroidal algebra and subcrystal representations
Authors: Noshita Go , Watanabe Akimi
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Recently, new classes of infinite-dimensional algebras, quiver Yangian (QY) and shifted QY, were introduced, and they act on BPS states for non-compact toric Calabi-Yau threefolds. In particular, shifted QY acts on general subcrystals of the original BPS crystal. A trigonometric deformation called quiver quantum toroidal algebra (QQTA) was also proposed and shown to act on the same BPS crystal. Unlike QY, QQTA has a formal Hopf superalgebra structure which is useful in deriving representations.

In this paper, we define the shifted QQTA and study a class of their representations. We define 1d and 2d subcrystals of the original 3d crystal by removing a few arrows from the original quiver diagram and show how the shifted QQTA acts on them. We construct the 2d crystal representations from the 1d crystal representations by utilizing a generalized coproduct acting on different shifted QQTAs. We provide a detailed derivation of subcrystal representations of ℂ3, ℂ3/ℤn(n ≥ 2), conifold, suspended pinch point, and ℂ3/(ℤ2× ℤ2).
Wheat glutamine synthetase TaGSr-4B is a candidate gene for a QTL of thousand grain weight on chromosome 4B
Authors: Yang Fan , Zhang Jingjuan , Zhao Yun , Liu Qier , Islam Shahidul , Yang Wuyun , Ma Wujun
Published: May 2022

Key message

Glutamine synthetase TaGSr-4B is a candidate gene for a QTL of thousand grain weight on 4B, and the gene marker is ready for wheat breeding.

A QTL for thousand grain weight (TGW) in wheat was previously mapped on chromosome 4B in a DH population of Westonia × Kauz. For identifying the candidate genes of the QTL, wheat 90 K SNP array was used to saturate the existing linkage map, and four field trials plus one glasshouse experiment over five locations were conducted to refine the QTL. Three nitrogen levels were applied to two of those field trials, resulting in a TGW phenotype data set from nine environments. A robust TGW QTL cluster including 773 genes was detected in six environments with the highest LOD value of 13.4. Based on differentiate gene expression within the QTL cluster in an RNAseq data of Westonia and Kauz during grain filling, a glutamine synthesis gene (GS: TaGSr-4B) was selected as a potential candidate gene for the QTL. A SNP on the promoter region between Westonia and Kauz was used to develop a cleaved amplified polymorphic marker for TaGSr-4B gene mapping and QTL reanalysing. As results, TGW QTL appeared in seven environments, and in four out of seven environments, the TGW QTL were localized on the TaGSr-4B locus and showed significant contributions to the phenotype. Based on the marker, two allele groups of Westonia and Kauz formed showed significant differences on TGW in eight environments. In agreement with the roles of GS genes on nitrogen and carbon remobilizations, TaGSr-4B is likely the candidate gene of the TGW QTL on 4B and the TaGSr-4B gene marker is ready for wheat breeding.
Relationships Between Muscle Parameters and History of Falls and Fractures in the Hertfordshire Cohort Study: Do All Muscle Components Relate Equally to Clinical Outcomes?
Authors: Laskou Faidra , Westbury Leo D. , Fuggle Nicholas R. , Edwards Mark H. , Cooper Cyrus , Dennison Elaine M.
Published: May 2022

In previous work, relationships between muscle and bone size and strength have been demonstrated and were stronger in females, suggesting possible sexual dimorphism. Here we examine sex-specific associations between individual muscle sarcopenia components with clinical outcomes (falls and fractures). 641 participants were recruited. Muscle mass was assessed as cross-sectional area (CSA) by peripheral quantitative computed tomography of the calf, grip strength (GpS) by Jamar dynamometry and function by gait speed (GtS). Falls and fractures were self-reported. Ordinal and logistic regression were used to examine the associations between muscle measurements and outcomes with and without adjustment for confounders. Mean (SD) age was 69.3 (2.6) years. CSA, GpS, and GtS were greater among males (p < 0.002). A higher proportion of females had fallen since age 45 (61.3% vs 40.2%, p < 0.001); in the last year (19.9% vs 14.1%, p = 0.053); and reported a previous fracture since age 45 (21.8% vs 18.5%, p = 0.302), than males. Among females, greater CSA was related to reduced risk of falling and fewer falls in the previous year in fully adjusted analysis only (p < 0.05); higher GpS was related to lower risk of falls since age 45 in unadjusted analysis (p = 0.045) and lower risk of fracture since age 45 in both unadjusted and fully adjusted analysis (p < 0.045). No statistically significant associations were observed for GtS among either sex for any relationships between muscle measurements and clinical outcomes studied. We observed relationships between muscle mass and strength but not function with falls and fractures in females only; further longitudinal studies are required to reproduce these results.
Differenzialdiagnose reaktiver Zytopenien
Authors: Menter Thomas , Dirnhofer Stefan , Tzankov Alexandar
Published: May 2022

Reaktive Zytopenien sind eine häufige Ursache für Knochenmarkuntersuchungen einschließlich Biopsieentnahmen, insbesondere falls klinische Abklärungen und Laboranalysen (z. B. Feststellung von Substratmängeln) nicht für eine Erklärung sorgen können. Bei der Beurteilung solcher Biopsien geht es in erster Linie um den Ausschluss von Krankheiten, die die normale Hämatopoese verdrängen (Infiltrate akuter Leukämien oder Lymphome, Metastasen), um ein myelodysplastisches Syndrom zu falsifizieren, das klassischerweise zu einer ineffektiven Hämatopoese führt, oder um den Nachweis spezifischer, insbesondere infektiöser oder histiozytärer Krankheiten zu erbringen (z. B. hämophagozytierende Lymphohistiozytose).

In dieser Übersicht beschreiben wir charakteristische morphologische Veränderungen reaktiver Zytopenien, fokussieren auf spezifische infektiöse und nichtinfektiöse Krankheitsbilder und grenzen sie von malignen Veränderungen, insbesondere dem myelodysplastischen Syndrom und zugrunde liegender Leukämie grossgranulärer T‑Lymphozyten, ab. Medikamenteninduzierte Veränderungen der Hämatopoese werden in einem anderen Beitrag dieser Ausgabe beschrieben.
Alterations in resting-state functional connectivity after brain posterior lesions reflect the functionality of the visual system in hemianopic patients
Authors: Gallina Jessica , Zanon Marco , Mikulan Ezequiel , Pietrelli Mattia , Gambino Silvia , Ibáñez Agustín , Bertini Caterina
Published: May 2022

Emerging evidence suggests a role of the posterior cortices in regulating alpha oscillatory activity and organizing low-level processing in non-alpha frequency bands. Therefore, posterior brain lesions, which damage the neural circuits of the visual system, might affect functional connectivity patterns of brain rhythms. To test this hypothesis, eyes-closed resting state EEG signal was acquired from patients with hemianopia with left and right posterior lesions, patients without hemianopia with more anterior lesions and healthy controls. Left-lesioned hemianopics showed reduced intrahemispheric connectivity in the range of upper alpha only in the lesioned hemisphere, whereas right-lesioned hemianopics exhibited reduced intrahemispheric alpha connectivity in both hemispheres. In terms of network topology, these impairments were characterized by reduced local functional segregation, with no associated change in global functional integration. This suggests a crucial role of posterior cortices in promoting functional connectivity in the range of alpha. Right-lesioned hemianopics revealed also additional impairments in the theta range, with increased connectivity in this frequency band, characterized by both increased local segregated activity and decreased global integration. This indicates that lesions to right posterior cortices lead to stronger impairments in alpha connectivity and induce additional alterations in local and global low-level processing, suggesting a specialization of the right hemisphere in generating alpha oscillations and in coordinating complex interplays with lower frequency bands. Importantly, hemianopic patient’s visual performance in the blind field was linked to alpha functional connectivity, corroborating the notion that alpha oscillatory patterns represent a biomarker of the integrity and the functioning of the underlying visual system.
Topology Optimized Unit Cells for Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Boos Eugen , Ihlenfeldt Steffen , Milaev Nikolaus , Thielsch Juliane , Drossel Welf-Guntram , Bruns Marco , Elsner Beatrix A. M.
Published: May 2022

The rise of additive manufacturing has enabled new degrees of freedom in terms of design and functionality. In this context, this contribution addresses the design and characterization of structural unit cells that are intended as building blocks of highly porous lattice structures with tailored properties. While typical lattice structures are often composed of gyroid or diamond lattices, this study presents stackable unit cells of different sizes created by a generative design approach to meet boundary conditions such as printability and homogeneous stress distributions under a given mechanical load. Suitable laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) parameters were determined for AlSi10Mg to ensure high resolution and process reproducibility for all considered unit cells. Stacks of unit cells were integrated into tensile and pressure test specimens for which the mechanical performance of the cells was evaluated. Experimentally measured material properties, applied process parameters, and mechanical test results were employed for calibration and validation of finite element (FE) simulations of both the LPBF process as well as the subsequent mechanical characterization. The obtained data therefore provides the basis to combine the different unit cells into tailored lattice structures and to numerically investigate the local variation of properties in the resulting structures.
Bewertung alternativer Arbeitsmittel für Wärmepumpen im Gebäudesektor
Authors: Höges Christoph , Venzik Valerius , Vering Christian , Müller Dirk
Published: May 2022

Das Arbeitsmittel in Wärmepumpen unterliegt einer Vielzahl von Anforderungen, welche für einen effizienten und sicheren Betrieb eingehalten werden müssen. Weiterhin steigt die Anzahl markterhältlicher Arbeitsmittel durch die Entwicklung neuer Gemische kontinuierlich an, wodurch deren Auswahl erschwert wird. Aus diesem Grund wird im Rahmen dieses Beitrags eine Marktanalyse alternativer Arbeitsmittel durchgeführt und die selektierten Arbeitsmittel hinsichtlich ihres Potentials für Wärmepumpen bewertet. Die Marktanalyse beinhaltet eine Einordnung der Arbeitsmittel durch politische Vorgaben (kein Ozonabbaupotential, geringes Treibhauspotential), sicherheitstechnischer Aspekte (Toxizität, Brennbarkeit) sowie technischer Anforderungen (unterkritischer Betrieb, maximale Prozesstemperaturen). Hierbei werden 32 Fluide identifiziert, welche die gestellten Anforderungen einhalten. Diese sind alle brennbar und größtenteils entweder Kohlenwasserstoffe (KW) oder Hydrofluorolefine (HFO). Anschließend wird die Effizienz im einfachen Kältekreislauf nach DIN EN 14825 bestimmt. Um die Fluidabhhängigkeit detailliert und realitätsnah abschätzen zu können, wird ein semi-physikalisches Verdichtermodell eingesetzt, welches fluid- und betriebspunktabhängige Verdichterwirkungsgrade liefert. Innerhalb der Kreislaufberechnung zeigen die Fluide RC270 und R161 die höchsten Effizienzen und führen zu einer Verbesserung der saisonalen Arbeitszahl im Vergleich zu R410A von bis zu 15 %. Diese führen aber zu hohen Temperaturen am Verdichteraustritt und sind daher ungeeignet. Weiterhin zeigen KW höhere Effizienzen als HFO. Bei der Wahl des Arbeitsmittels müssen allerdings weitere Aspekte, wie der Umwelteinfluss sowie Füllmengenbeschränkungen aufgrund der Brennbarkeit des Fluids betrachtet werden. Insgesamt weisen die Arbeitsmittel Propan und Propen das höchste Anwendungspotential auf. Für Anwendungen, in denen füllmengenbeschränkte Wärmepumpen erforderlich sind, bieten die HFO R454C, R457A und R516A effiziente Alternativen, deren Potenzial durch die Integration eines internen Wärmeübertragers in den Kältekreislauf gesteigert werden kann.
Imaging patterns of cerebral ischemia in hypereosinophilic syndrome: case report and systematic review
Authors: Miethe Kathrin , Iordanishvili Elene , Habib Pardes , Panse Jens , Krämer Stefan , Wiesmann Martin , Schulz Jörg B. , Nikoubashman Omid , Reich Arno , Pinho João
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Ischemic stroke is a potential complication of hypereosinophilic syndromes (HES), and little is known about underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. We aimed to describe the imaging patterns of cerebral ischemia in patients with HES.

Methods

An individual case is reported. A systematic PubMed review of all records reporting adult patients with HES who suffered ischemic stroke and for whom neuroimaging details of ischemic lesions were available was performed.

Results

A 60-year-old man presented with progressive subacute gait difficulty and psychomotor slowing as well as an absolute eosinophilia (2.2 × 109/L) at admission. Brain magnetic resonance tomography revealed multiple acute and subacute internal and external border zone infarcts. Cardiac diagnostic suggested the presence of endomyocarditis. After extensive diagnostic workup, idiopathic HES was diagnosed. The systematic review yielded 183 studies, of which 40 fulfilled the inclusion criteria: a total of 64 patients (31.3% female), with mean age 51.1 years and a median absolute eosinophile count at diagnosis of 10.2 × 109/L were included in the analyses. A border zone pattern of cerebral ischemic lesions was reported in 41 patients (64.1%). Isolated peripheral infarcts were reported in 7 patients (10.9%). Sixteen patients had multiple acute infarcts with no border zone distribution (25.0%). An intracardiac thrombus was reported in 15/60 patients (25%), and findings suggestive of endomyocarditis or endomyocardial fibrosis were found in 31/60 patients (51.7%).

Conclusions

Border zone distribution of cerebral ischemia without hemodynamic compromise is the most frequent imaging pattern in patients with HES, occurring in 2/3 of patients who develop ischemic stroke.
Performance measurement with expectiles
Authors: Rossello Damiano
Published: May 2022

Financial performance evaluation is intimately linked to risk measurement methodologies. There exists a well-developed literature on axiomatic and operational characterization of measures of performance. Hinged on the duality between coherent risk measures and reward associated with investment strategies, we investigate representation of acceptability indices of performance using expectile-based risk measures that recently attracted a lot of attention inside the financial and actuarial community. We propose two purely expectile-based performance ratios other than the classical gain-loss ratio and the Omega ratio. We complement our analysis with elicitability of expectile-based acceptability indices and their conditional version accounting for new information flow.