bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Groundwater Flow on Microbial Activity in a Porous Limestone Groundwater
Authors: Nakaya Shinji , Deno Tatsuya , Yasumoto Jun , Takada Ryogo
Published: January 2025

Microbial metabolism in aerobic conditions releases carbon dioxide into the groundwater in the aquifer, while carbon dioxide controls the dissolution/precipitation of calcite and the hydration reaction under field conditions. Higher microbial activity produces more adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and vice versa. In this study, to elucidate the effect of groundwater flow on microbial activity in porous limestone groundwater, the relationship between water chemistry and ATP as a microbial activity index was investigated in groundwater in the Ryukyu limestone groundwater reservoir on Yoron Island, a subtropical island in southwestern Japan. The results in groundwater of a porous limestone groundwater reservoir suggest that (1) microbial activity caused by floating microorganisms in natural groundwater flow depends on dissolved oxygen and reflects that the calcite dissolution/precipitation behaviour and the hydration reaction proceed and (2) fast‐flowing groundwater flow induced by artificial pumping suppresses the microbial activity caused by floating microorganisms in groundwater, despite the introduction of sufficient dissolved oxygen necessary for metabolism, and reduces the links between the microbial activity in groundwater and water‐rock interaction.
Reference‐Based Standardization Approach Stabilizing Small Batch Risk Prediction via Polygenic Score
Authors: Sutoh Yoichi , Hachiya Tsuyoshi , Otsuka‐Yamasaki Yayoi , Tokutomi Tomoharu , Yoshida Akiko , Kotozaki Yuka , Komaki Shohei , Minabe Shiori , Ohmomo Hideki , Tanno Kozo , Fukushima Akimune , Sasaki Makoto , Shimizu Atsushi
Published: January 2025

The polygenic score (PGS) holds promise for motivating preventive behavioral changes. However, no clinically validated standardization methodology currently exists. Here, we demonstrate the efficacy of a “reference‐based” approach for standardization. This method uses the PGS distribution in the general population as a reference for normalization and percentile determination; however, it has not been validated. We investigated three potential influences on PGS computation: (1) the size of the reference population, (2) biases associated with different genotyping platforms, and (3) inclusion of kinship ties within the reference group. Our results indicate that the reference size affects the bootstrap estimate of standard error for PGS percentiles, peaking around the 50th percentile and diminishing at extreme percentiles (1st or 100th). Discrepancies between genotyping platforms, such as different microarrays and whole‐genome sequencing, resulted in deviations in PGS (p < 0.05 in Kolmogorov–Smirnov test). However, these deviations were reduced to a nonsignificant level using shared genetic variants in the calculations when the ancestry of the samples and reference were matched. This approach recovered approximately 9.6% of the positive predictive value of PGS by naïve genotype. Our results provide fundamental insights for establishing clinical guidelines for implementing PGS to communicate reliable risks to individuals.
A Review of the Cretaceous Ichnology of Tethys‐Related Basins in India: New Record From the Bagh Group
Authors: Shitole Apurva D. , Patel Satish J. , Darngawn Jehova Lalmalsawm , Joseph Jaquilin K.
Published: January 2025

The Narmada Basin in west‐central India forms the northern part of the Central Indian Tectonic Zone (CITZ). The Cretaceous Bagh Group rocks of the Western Lower Narmada Valley (WLNV) succession was studied for sedimentary facies analysis and ichnology. Textural and mineralogical characteristics along with primary and secondary sedimentary structures revealed 11 lithofacies, of which the calcareous sandstone, fine‐grained sandstone‐siltstone‐shale and sandy/silty allochemic limestone lithofacies are highly bioturbated. WLNV contains a well‐preserved, less diverse, and relatively abundant ichnofauna; a total of 24 ichnospecies belonging to 15 ichnogenera with pseudotrace fossils are identified and described. The trace fossils belong to the Skolithos, Cruziana and Glossifungites Ichnofacies. The Skolithos Ichnofacies suggest an upper shoreface environment with moderate‐to‐high energy conditions and shifting substrate; the Cruziana Ichnofacies suggest a lower shoreface environment with low‐to‐moderate sedimentation rates and energy conditions and the Glossifungites Ichnofacies suggest dewatering of sediments and a slow rate of sedimentation. Early ichnological studies in the different Tethys‐related Cretaceous basins of the Indian subcontinent (Eastern Lower Narmada Valley, Kachchh, Cauvery, Jaisalmer, Barmer and Saurashtra) primarily focused on identifying the trace fossils, describing the new species and interpreting them in relation to trace producers and depositional environment. However, many of the ichnogenera and ichnospecies established from these basins need special attention because they either have been described as invalid, revised or assigned an unclear taxonomic status. The Cretaceous trace fossils reported to date from these basins are compiled along with their paleoenvironmental interpretation. The study also discusses the present status of the ichnogenera and ichnospecies names of the trace fossils reported to date from these basins. These data can be further used to enhance our understanding of how paleoenvironmental conditions control the distribution of trace‐making communities across space and time.
Prevalence and Hematological Changes in Urogenital Schistosomiasis: Infection Persistence in the Phase of Mass Drug Administration in Sempoa (Kwahu East, Ghana): A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Boakye Alahaman Nana , Hatsu Neuwell , Akwetey Samuel Addo , Karikari Akosua Bonsu , Atta Simon Kwaku , Addae Mark Michael
Published: January 2025

Background

Schistosomiasis is a chronic neglected tropical disease and Ghana's second most prevalent helminth infection. The annual mass drug administration of praziquantel to school children is aimed at reducing disease morbidity as a public health problem.

Aim

The study aimed to assess the prevalence and hematological profile of urinary schistosomiasis in Sempoa after over a decade of consecutive Mass Drug Administration (MDA) of praziquantel.

Methods

A community‐based cross‐sectional study involving 126 participants was conducted. Schistosoma haematobium eggs were identified and quantified using the urine filtration‐microscopy technique. The hematological profile was analyzed using a fully automated 5‐part Sysmex XN‐350 (Sysmex Co, Germany) analyzer.

Results

The study recorded a prevalence of 21.6% that was significantly related to water contact activities. Schistosomiasis was significantly associated with lower levels of Red Blood Cell (RBC) indices; MCV (p < 0.001), MCHC (p < 0.001), and MCH (p = 0.01) with higher platelet, lymphocytes, and basophil counts compared to the uninfected. Heavy infection was significantly associated with lower hemoglobin levels. The study further reported microhaematuria as a sensitive and specific proxy diagnostic tool for field surveillance in endemic communities.

Conclusion

Urinary schistosomiasis accompanied by an altered hematological profile persists in Sempoa under preventive praziquantel. Future control interventions must consider an integrated approach of marrying behavioral change, with preventive chemotherapy and vector control.
Managing Doxorubicin Cardiotoxicity: Insights Into Molecular Mechanisms and Protective Strategies
Authors: Al khafaji Adnan Taan , Barakat Ali Mohammed , shayyal Akram Joudah , Taan Ali Adnan , Aboqader Al‐Aouadi Raed Fanoukh
Published: January 2025

Cancer ranks as the second leading cause of death in the United States and poses a significant health challenge globally. Numerous therapeutic options exist for treating cancer, with chemotherapy being one of the most prominent. Chemotherapy involves the use of antineoplastic drugs, either alone or in combination with other medications, to target and kill cancer cells. However, these drugs can also adversely affect healthy cells, leading to various side effects. Among the most commonly used chemotherapy agents are anthracyclines, which include doxorubicin, daunorubicin, and epirubicin. Doxorubicin is particularly notable for its effectiveness but is also associated with significant cardiotoxicity, a common concern for patients undergoing chemotherapy. Unfortunately, there is currently no definitive treatment to prevent or reverse this cardiotoxicity. The cardiac effects of doxorubicin can manifest in several ways, including changes in electrocardiograms, arrhythmias, myocarditis, pericarditis, myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and congestive heart failure. These complications may arise during treatment, shortly after it concludes, or even weeks later. Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity. Key factors include the inhibition of topoisomerase IIβ, mitochondrial damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production due to iron metabolism, increased oxidative stress, heightened inflammatory responses, and elevated rates of apoptosis and necrosis within cardiac tissue. This review article will provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge regarding doxorubicin‐induced cardiomyopathy. We will explore the underlying molecular mechanisms contributing to this condition and discuss emerging therapeutic strategies aimed at mitigating its impact on cancer survivors.
On MSRD Codes, h‐Designs and Disjoint Maximum Scattered Linear Sets
Authors: Santonastaso Paolo , Sheekey John
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we construct new optimal subspace designs and, consequently, new optimal codes in the sum‐rank metric. We construct new 1‐designs by finding sets of disjoint maximum scattered linear sets, and use these constructions to also find new ‐designs for . As a means of achieving this, we establish a correspondence between the metric properties of sum‐rank metric codes and the geometric properties of subspace designs. Specifically, we determine the geometric counterpart of the coding‐theoretic notion of generalised weights for the sum‐rank metric in terms of subspace designs and determine a geometric characterisation of MSRD codes. This enables us to characterise subspace designs via their intersections with hyperplanes and via duality operations.
An ATPS‐based droplet microfluidic device for protein partitioning
Authors: Moreno‐Sibaja Federico , Hernández‐Cid David , Ceballos‐Medina Javier , Cerón‐Torres Daniel Abirán , Reyes‐Avendaño Jorge Antonio , Gallo‐Villanueva Roberto Carlos , Pérez‐Gonzalez Victor Hugo , Mata‐Gómez Marco Arnulfo
Published: January 2025

Background

Droplet microfluidics uses immiscible phases to manipulate discrete volumes inside microchannels, and it is applied in synthesis of biomolecules, encapsulation, drug delivery and cell analysis. The use of aqueous two‐phase systems (ATPS) is a strategy for the fractionation of biomolecules. Here, we combined both techniques to fabricate a microfluidic device based on a polymer–salt ATPS, composed of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 8000 and phosphate salt buffer (PO4), capable of generating droplets and partitioning red fluorescent protein (RFP), used as a model of study. Partition behavior, droplet size and frequency were characterized, employing a polydimethylsiloxane microdevice for this purpose.

Results

The microdevice exhibited either a two‐phase or droplet behavior in the absence and presence of RFP. In both scenarios, the model protein was partitioned towards the salt‐rich phase (PO4), as in traditional ATPS. In addition, by controlling fluid velocity, different regimes of droplet formation were observed, i.e. dripping and jetting. RFP was partitioned and encapsulated in both regimes. The microdevices exhibited a partition coefficient, , of 0.34 ± 0.016, which is comparable with that obtained in traditional systems ( = 0.39 ± 0.012). Droplet size diminished as , , increased. Droplet breakup time has the same effect when increasing velocity ratio, while frequency of droplet formation increased. COMSOL computational simulations were performed, exhibiting good agreement with experimental results.

Conclusion

The microfluidic device proved to be a useful platform to generate droplets by using polymer PEG–salt ATPS under controlled conditions. Besides, it allowed partitioning and encapsulation of the model protein. This microfluidic platform presents a viable alternative for protein separation and encapsulation, which can further support high‐value‐biomolecule separation. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Real‐World Data on Lymphoma in Adolescents and Young Adults (AYA)—Report From the Lymphoma and Related Diseases Registry (LaRDR)
Authors: Wong Evangeline Y. , Wellard Cameron , Ng Jun Yen , Chung Eliza , McQuilten Zoe K. , Opat Stephen , Wood Erica M. , Talaulikar Dipti
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Lymphoma is a common malignancy among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) which is generally defined as 15–39 years. Relative to other age groups, lymphoma in AYAs remains understudied with heterogeneous treatment options.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of patients aged 18–60 years in the Australasian Lymphoma and Related Diseases Registry (LaRDR) with new diagnoses of the common subtypes of lymphoma in AYAs between January 2016 and April 2023. The subtypes are classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), primary mediastinal B‐cell lymphoma (PMBCL) and Burkitt lymphoma (BL). Patient demographics, disease characteristics, treatment and outcome data were collected, and comparisons were made between AYAs (18–39 years) and older adults (OAs) (aged 40–60).

Results

AYAs had higher rates of cHL and PMBCL whereas OAs presented more frequently with DLBCL. AYAs with cHL and PMBCL had higher rates of early‐stage and low‐risk disease than OAs. In contrast, both AYAs and OAs were more likely to present with advanced‐stage DLBCL and BL. AYAs with cHL were more likely to be treated with BEACOPP as compared to OAs who were more commonly treated with ABVD. There was no significant difference in treatment regimens for DLBCL, PMBCL or BL between AYAs and OAs. AYAs with cHL had better overall survival (OS) compared to OAs; specifically, cHL AYAs had better OS and DLBCL AYAs had better progression‐free survival (PFS) and OS compared to OAs.

Conclusion

The study provides valuable data on patient and disease characteristics, treatments used and outcomes in AYA compared to OA aged 40–60 years. Registry data such as from LaRDR can help improve treatment standardisation and AYA patient outcomes.

Trial Registration

The authors have confirmed clinical trial registration is not needed for this submission
The Effect of Cryopreservation on the Bone Healing Capacity of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in a Bone Defect Model
Authors: Hali Kalter , Gagnon Stéphane , Raleigh Matthew , Ali Ikran , Sniderman Jhase , Halai Mansur , Hall Jeremy , Schemitsch Emil H. , Nauth Aaron
Published: January 2025

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have proven to be a highly effective cell therapy for critical‐sized bone defects. Cryopreservation can enable long‐term storage of EPCs, allowing their immediate availability on demand. This study compares the therapeutic potential of EPCs before and after cryopreservation in a small animal critical‐sized bone defect model. Five‐millimeter segmental defects were created in the right femora of Fischer 344 rats, followed by stabilization with a miniplate and screws. The animals received 2 × 106 fresh EPCs (n = 7) or 2 × 106 cryopreserved EPCs (n = 9) delivered on a gelatin scaffold. Cryopreserved EPCs were stored for 7 days at −80°C prior to thawing and loading onto the gelatin scaffold. Biweekly radiographs were taken until the animals were euthanized 10 weeks after surgery. The operated femora were then evaluated using microscopic‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) and biomechanical testing. All animals treated with fresh (n = 7/7) or cryopreserved (n = 9/9) EPCs achieved radiographic union at 10 weeks. Animals treated with fresh EPCs had statistically significant higher radiographic scores at 2 weeks (p < 0.05) but showed no statistically significant differences thereafter (p > 0.05). Micro‐CT analysis showed no statistically significant differences between the groups in bone volume (BV) or BV normalized to total volume (p > 0.05), with excellent bone formation in both groups. Finally, there were no differences in biomechanical outcomes between the groups (p > 0.05). These results demonstrate that cryopreserved EPCs are highly effective and equivalent to fresh EPCs for healing critical‐sized bone defects in a rat model of nonunion.
Ultrasound Imaging Protocol for Latissimus Dorsi and Teres Major in Overhead Athletes
Authors: Pagan‐Rosado Robert , Kindle Brett , North Taylor , Smith Jay
Published: January 2025

Ultrasound imaging is vital for musculoskeletal assessment due to its real‐time, high‐resolution capabilities and safety. While protocols exist for rotator cuff evaluation, comprehensive guidelines for imaging the latissimus dorsi and teres major muscles are lacking. This article fills this gap by presenting a detailed ultrasound protocol for these muscles, essential for shoulder stability and movement in overhead athletes. We review their anatomy, propose a standardized examination approach, and discuss clinical indications, aiming to improve diagnostic accuracy and management of these injuries.
Digital Transformation, Internationalisation and ESG Performance of Multinational Companies
Authors: Xu Xin , Sun Meiya
Published: January 2025

This study examines the impact and mechanism of digital transformation on the corporate environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance of Chinese A‐share listed multinational companies (MNCs) from 2011 to 2021. Corporate digital transformation can enhance ESG performance by reducing institutional distance, improving internal control quality and absorptive capacity. The level of internationalisation also has a positive impact on this relationship. The positive effect of digital transformation on the ESG performance of MNCs is more pronounced in non–high‐tech industries and mature companies. This study offers theoretical support for improving MNCs' ESG performance and managing cross‐border operational risks through digital transformation.
Convergence and Coupled Best Proximity Points: Ulam–Hyers Stability and an Application to a Two‐Person Game
Authors: Mongkolkeha Chirasak , Gopal Dhananjay , Dechboon Premyuda , Khammahawong Konrawut
Published: January 2025

This paper aims to establish the uniqueness of a coupled best proximity point for cyclic Kannan contraction mappings in the setting of uniformly convex Banach spaces. The stability of the coupled best proximity point problem under the Ulam–Hyers framework is also studied. Since the existence of a noncooperative equilibrium is equivalent to the existence of a coupled fixed point, our results can be effectively applied to solve the problem of finding a noncooperative equilibrium in two‐person games. Furthermore, we present illustrative examples to support our findings.
Induced Pseudomembrane Enrichment in Long Nerve Allograft Reconstruction
Authors: Protzuk Omar A. , Samuel Mariam A. , Seward Kriston R. , Keshishian Christopher A. , Bendale Geetanjali S. , Isaacs Jonathan E.
Published: January 2025

Introduction/Aims

Long nerve defects are typically reconstructed with autograft or processed acellular nerve allograft (PNA). PNA is convenient and avoids donor morbidity but lacks the neurotrophic environment of autograft. Increased levels of neurotrophic factors have been identified in pseudomembranes induced around silicone implanted between nerve ends. This study aimed to determine if pseudomembrane can be reliably induced around silicone implanted between nerve ends, and if this enhances regeneration of PNA inset within using a staged technique.

Methods

Lewis rats (n = 24) underwent resection of a 15‐mm sciatic nerve. The defect was filled with a silicone tube (n = 12) (MA) or the nerve ends were secured to a muscle bed (n = 12) (NMA). After 4 weeks, the silicone was replaced with PNA threaded within the pseudomembrane tunnel. In both groups, PNA was used to reconstruct the nerve defect. Weekly neuromotor assessment was performed with sciatic function index (SFI). At 16 weeks, muscle recovery was assessed, and nerve samples were obtained for histomorphometry.

Results

The MA group's average normalized muscle weight was 46.25% versus the NMA group's 33.19% (p < 0.05). The MA group's average normalized muscle girth was 78.25% versus the NMA group's 60.73% (p < 0.05). Axon counts, g‐ratio, and muscle force were not statistically different. At Week 15, the MA group had a significantly higher average SFI: −82.25 versus the NMA group −95.03 (p < 0.05).

Discussion

PNA inset within induced pseudomembrane sheath enhanced muscle reinnervation. A staged membrane enhancement technique may be effective for improving PNA efficacy in peripheral nerve injury reconstruction.
A Bernoulli‐Barycentric Rational Matrix Collocation Method With Preconditioning for a Class of Evolutionary PDEs
Authors: Luo Wei‐Hua , Gu Xian‐Ming , Carpentieri Bruno , Guo Jun
Published: January 2025

We propose a Bernoulli‐barycentric rational matrix collocation method for two‐dimensional evolutionary partial differential equations (PDEs) with variable coefficients. This method absorbs Bernoulli polynomials and barycentric rational interpolations as the basis functions in time and space, respectively. The theoretical accuracy of the proposed numerical scheme is proven to be , where is the number of basis functions in time, and and are the grid sizes in the and directions, respectively. Additionally, . To efficiently solve the linear systems arising from the discretizations, we introduce a class of dimension‐expanded preconditioners that leverage the structural properties of the coefficient matrices. A theoretical analysis of the eigenvalue distributions of the preconditioned matrices is provided. The effectiveness of the proposed method and preconditioners is demonstrated through numerical experiments on real‐world examples, including the heat conduction equation, the advection‐diffusion equation, the wave equation, and telegraph equations.
Optimized Multi‐Scale Attention Convolutional Neural Network for Micro‐Grid Energy Management System Employing in Internet of Things
Authors: Vetriveeran Divya , Sambandam Rakoth Kandan , Sekar Thaiyalnayaki , Venkatachalam Arul
Published: January 2025

The combination of micro‐grid energy management systems (EMSs) with the Internet of Things (IoT) offers a promising way to improve energy use and distribution. However, challenges such as device compatibility and the difficulty of managing energy efficiently make it hard to implement these systems effectively. This study offers a significant advancement in energy management by using IoT for microgrid systems. An Optimized Multi‐scale Attention Convolutional Neural Network for microgrid EMS employing IoT (OMACNN‐MGEMS‐IoT) is proposed in this study, which enables efficient monitoring and control of energy resources. The proposed model's input data are gathered from the MQTT dataset. This research employs a Regularized Bias‐aware Ensemble Kalman Filter (RBAEKF) for pre‐processing input data, ensuring the removal of outliers and updating missing values. The MACNN is then used for effective fault detection within the microgrid. To enhance its performance, the Sheep Flock Optimization Algorithm (SFOA) is introduced to optimize the MACNN parameters, ensuring accurate fault detection. Implemented on the MATLAB platform, the performance of the OMACNN‐MGEMS‐IoT method is assessed through various performance metrics, demonstrating significant improvements. Notably, the proposed method achieves higher cost reductions of 25%, 22%, and 26% compared to existing approaches such as the IoT platform for energy management in multi‐micro grid systems (IoT‐PEM‐MMS), a micro‐grid system infrastructure implementing IoT for efficient energy management in buildings (MSII‐IoT‐EEM) and a hybrid deep learning‐based online energy management scheme for industrial microgrids (HDL‐OEM‐IM). The findings highlight the impact of the proposed OMACNN‐MGEMS‐IoT method in enhancing energy efficiency and cost‐effectiveness in microgrid systems.
Silver‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Coupling of Oxamic Acids with Styrenes to Synthesize E‐Cinnamamides: A Distinguish Reaction Pathway
Authors: A Ru‐Han , Huo Yong‐Wang , Wu Xiao‐Feng
Published: January 2025

A silver‐catalyzed decarboxylative coupling of oxamic acids with styrenes has been developed to produce E‐cinnamamides. Oxamic acids act as efficient precursors for carbamoy radicals. Based on the mechanistic experiments and intermediate analysis, the proposed mechanism involves radical addition to styrenes, followed by oxidation and solvent participation, ultimately leading to the formation of cinnamamides which is different from the reported cases.
Investigating the Association Between Human Resource Management Practices and Job Autonomy on Faculty Job Performance: Evidence From UAE Higher Education Sector
Authors: Mahade Ahmed , Elmahi Abdallah , Abdalla Alaa Amin , Said Raed A. , Alomari Khaled Mohammad
Published: January 2025

This research delves into the interplay between Human Resource Management Practices (HRMPs) and job autonomy concerning faculty job performance within private universities in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) while considering the moderating role of faculty experience. The research explores how job autonomy and supportive HRMPs enhance job performance. The primary objective is to address the research gap concerning the functional independence of HRMPs and their impact on faculty job performance within higher education, specifically focusing on institutions in the (UAE). The significance of this research lies in the pivotal role of Human Resource Management (HRM) in higher education, as HRM has evolved from simply executing decisions to shaping strategic directions, making it a crucial factor in the success of universities through HRMPs related to finding and developing teaching staff to drive educational excellence. The HRMPs under scrutiny encompass recruitment, service ending, training, performance appraisal, promotion, and compensation as a cluster. A survey collected data from 225 faculty members, and statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS and SmartPLS software. The results reached through tests show a significant and positive impact of HRMPs and job independence on faculty performance. In addition, faculty members' experience affects the relationship between HRMPs, job independence, and faculty job performance as a moderating variable. This study has tremendous implications for tertiary institutions seeking to enhance the job performance of faculty members. It provides fresh insights into higher education and the specific context of the private tertiary sector in the UAE.
The Effect of Isoniazid for Tuberculosis Prevention on Pregnancy Risk Among Women Living With HIV on Antiretroviral Treatment and Progestin‐Based Hormonal Contraception
Authors: Diepstra Karen , Westreich Daniel , Bula Agatha , Lemani Clara , Chapola John , Winston Jennifer , Mollan Katie , Hagey Jill , Phiri Sam , Chiwoko Jane , Chinula Lameck , Hosseinipour Mina C. , Cottrell Mackenzie , Pettifor Audrey , Wood Mollie E. , Tang Jennifer H.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Concomitant use of antiretroviral therapy (ART), hormonal contraception, and isonicotinic acid hydrazide (isoniazid) for tuberculosis prevention is common among women of reproductive age who are living with HIV in sub‐Saharan Africa. We estimated the effect of isoniazid on 6‐month pregnancy risk among Malawian women living with HIV in the Family Planning and Antiretroviral Therapy (FP‐ART) prospective cohort study, overall and among subgroups defined by ART regimen type and hormonal contraceptive method.

Methods

The analytic sample included visits contributed by participants who were currently using either efavirenz‐ or dolutegravir‐based ART and either depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) or levonorgestrel (LNG) implant contraception at the time of the visit. The exposure was self‐reported, current isoniazid use (yes/no). The binary outcome measure, 6‐month pregnancy, was defined as an estimated conception date 1–183 days after the study visit date. We used a marginal structural linear risk regression model with inverse probability of treatment weights, multiple imputation by chained equations, and bootstrapping to estimate risk differences (RD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results

The analytic sample included 4709 study visits occurring between September 2017 and June 2021. The weighted 6‐month pregnancy risk among isoniazid use visits was 3.0% compared with 2.3% among non‐use visits (RD 0.7%, 95% CI: −0.7%, 2.1%), and the results were qualitatively similar for all subgroup estimates.

Conclusions

We did not find a clinically significant effect of isoniazid use on 6‐month pregnancy incidence among women concomitantly using ART and either DMPA or LNG implant contraception.
It is Time to Address Fear of Cancer Recurrence in Family Caregivers: Feasibility and Acceptability of a Randomized Pilot Study of the Family Caregiver Version of the Fear of Recurrence Therapy (FC‐FORT)
Authors: Lamarche Jani , Nissim Rinat , Avery Jonathan , Wong Jiahui , Maheu Christine , Lambert Sylvie. D. , Laizner Andrea M. , Jones Jennifer , Esplen Mary Jane , Lebel Sophie
Published: January 2025

Objective

Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is common, persistent, and associated with lower quality of life, impaired functioning, and psychological distress in family caregivers (FC) of individuals with a cancer diagnosis. Interventions are needed to specifically target FCR in FC. This study aimed to pilot test the adapted Family Caregiver—Fear Of Recurrence Therapy (FC‐FORT) to establish its feasibility, acceptability, and clinical significance.

Methods

This pilot study used a mixed‐method, parallel, two‐group randomized control trial (FC‐FORT vs. waitlist control group) design. Women FC were recruited through Canadian hospitals, community partners, and social media. FC in the intervention group completed 7 weekly sessions of virtual group therapy (FC‐FORT) and an exit interview. All participants completed questionnaires at baseline, post‐intervention, and 3‐month follow‐up. Feasibility (e.g., recruitment, allocation, fidelity), acceptability (e.g., dropout, completion, satisfaction) and clinical significance of secondary outcomes were evaluated. Descriptive statistics, mixed ANOVAs, and conventional content analyses were used.

Results

Regarding feasibility, 22 FC were recruited, 18 were randomized and therapist fidelity was 87%. As to acceptability, 67% of participants completed 5 sessions (33% dropout). Questionnaire completion rate was 92%. FC satisfaction was 80%. Analyses did not reveal any significant differences on the secondary outcomes between groups. Qualitative analyses revealed high importance, helpfulness, satisfaction, and group cohesion. Suggestions were made by FC for improvements.

Conclusions

This is one of the first interventions to address FCR in FC. While acceptability of FC‐FORT was good, important feasibility issues need to be addressed before moving forward with a larger randomized control trial.

Trial Registration

NCT, NCT05441384. Registered July 1st, 2022, https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05441384
Measuring the safety climate in China's chemical industry and investigating the influencing factors: A case study of a large enterprise
Authors: Yu Yanan , Xu Xuebo , Qi Meng , Dang Jing , Qu Haowen , Roy Nitin , Liu Yi
Published: January 2025

This study aims to analyze the overall safety climate in China's chemical industry and explore the factors affecting it. The scale used in this research was developed based on previous scales, adapted to the Chinese context. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were employed to categorize the scale into four dimensions: satisfaction, safety management, communication and training, and risk perception. Reliability analysis confirmed the consistency of the scale. The relationships among these four dimensions were elucidated using structural equation modeling (SEM), highlighting the critical role of communication and training in enhancing the safety climate. Additionally, multiple regression models demonstrated the positive impact of communication training, satisfaction, and safety management on employees' risk perception. Variance analysis and multiple comparisons identified high‐risk groups, particularly employees aged 31–40 years, with education levels of junior high school or below, and those with 1–3 years of tenure, as having higher accident risks. An in‐depth questionnaire analysis identified common issues affecting the safety climate in chemical enterprises, including knowledge monotony, stress, safety measures, management, and communication problems. The study provides practical recommendations to address these issues. This research is significant for the chemical industry, promoting advancements in workplace safety practices.
Controlled Release of Hydrophilic Drug from Hollow Nanodots
Authors: Preedanorawut Patitta , Chatchawankanphanich Orawan , Yiamsawas Doungporn , Crespy Daniel
Published: January 2025

Here the challenge of limited encapsulation efficiency of ionizable hydrophilic molecules in silica materials is addressed. Two effective strategies are showcased that allow high encapsulation efficiency of salicylic acid, while simultaneously maintaining the morphology and particle size of silica nanocapsules. These promising approaches involve the formation and encapsulation of a prodrug or the complexation of the hydrophilic payload with a hydrophobic moiety to form a complex that is dissociated in acidic conditions. Well‐defined core–shell silica nanocapsules with a diameter of 6 nm are obtained and exhibited an encapsulation efficiency of over 90%. High amounts of salicylic acid are released in acidic conditions from silica nanocapsules entrapping the prodrug or the complex, leading to pH‐responsive characteristics. This work demonstrates promising strategies for the encapsulation and the controlled release of hydrophilic fertilizers, pesticides or drugs.
Synergy of Pyridinic‐N and Co Single Atom Sites for Enhanced Oxygen Redox Reactions in High‐Performance Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Askari Saeed , Dwivedi Swarit , Alivand Masood S. , Lim Kang Hui , Biniaz Parisa , Zavabeti Ali , Kawi Sibudjing , Hill Matthew R , van Duin Adri C.T. , Tanksale Akshat , Majumder Mainak , Chakraborty Banerjee Parama
Published: January 2025

Cobalt single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have the potential to act as bi‐functional electrocatalysts for the oxygen‐redox reactions in metal‐air batteries. However, achieving both high performance and stability in these SACs has been challenging. Here, a novel and facile synthesis method is used to create cobalt‐doped‐nitrogen‐carbon structures (Co‐N‐C) containing cobalt‐SACs by carbonizing a modified ZIF‐11. HAADF‐STEM images and EXAFS spectra confirmed that the structure with the lowest cobalt concentration contains single cobalt atoms coordinated with four nitrogen atoms (Co‐N₄). Electrochemical tests showed that this electrocatalyst performed exceptionally well in both oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) (E1/2 ≈ 0.859 V) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) (Ej = 10: 1.544 V), with excellent stability. When used as a bi‐functional electrocatalyst in the air cathode of a rechargeable zinc‐air battery (ZAB), a peak power density of 178.6.1 mW cm−2, a specific capacity of 799 mA h gZn−1 and a cycle‐life of 1580 is achieved. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the concentration and the position of the pyridinic nitrogen with Co play a critical role in determining the overpotential of this electrocatalyst for oxygen‐redox reactions. The unprecedented performance of this electrocatalyst can bring paradigm changes in the practical realization and application of metal‐air batteries.
N‐Doped Holey Graphene/Porous Carbon/Cellulose Nanofibers Electrode and Hydrogel Electrolyte for Low‐temperature Zinc‐ion Hybrid Supercapacitors
Authors: Tian Wenhui , Ren Penggang , Hou Xin , Fan Baoli , Wang Yilan , Wu Tong , Wang Jiayi , Zhao Zirui , Jin Yanling
Published: January 2025

The susceptibility to freezing of the electrolyte and mismatched cathode make the aqueous zinc‐ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSCs) have inferior electrochemical performance at low temperature. Herein, a novel freeze‐tolerant hydrogel electrolyte (CEEZ) and matched graphene/porous carbon/cellulose nanofibers cathode (GPCN) are respectively fabricated via chemical cross‐linking and a two‐step process to assemble ZHSCs. The prepared electrode has a highly porous structure, abundant edge active sites, and increased interlayer spacing, which collectively reduces ion transport complexity and enhances the contact area with the electrolyte, promoting rapid ionic conduction pathways. For the CEEZ, the use of ethylene glycol reduces the saturated vapor pressure of water, thereby enhancing the frost resistance of the hydrogel electrolyte. Consequently, the ZHSCs assembled from GPCN, CEEZ, and Zn anode exhibit excellent specific capacitances of 1.11 F cm⁻2 (21.35 F cm⁻3) at 20 °C and 0.74 F cm⁻2 (14.23 F cm⁻3) at −20 °C. These results demonstrate the promising application potential of these ZHSCs in cold environments while maintaining impressive energy storage capabilities. This work provides valuable insights and a robust strategy for the design of high‐performance low‐temperature ZHSCs, enhancing their practical applicability in renewable energy storage systems.
The Impact of Marriage and Marriage Expectations on Girls’ Education in Tajikistan
Authors: Yakubova Parvina , Whitsel Christopher M. , Kuzhabekova Aliya , Kataeva Zumrad
Published: January 2025

Girls continue to complete education at lower rates than their male peers in Tajikistan. Studies have pointed to a variety of factors at the family, community, and national levels. In this chapter, we will explore the influence of marriage expectations on girls’ educational attainment in Tajikistan. The first author conducted interviews with close to 20 women in Tajikistan. The analysis found that marriage expectations significantly influence girls’ educational attainment, contributing to the persistently lower completion rates among females compared to their male counterparts. This underscores the need to address societal expectations surrounding marriage to promote greater educational opportunities for girls in Tajikistan.
Gender Inequality and Higher Education in Tajikistan: Exploring Barriers and Affirmative Actions
Authors: Kataeva Zumrad
Published: January 2025

Gender inequality has been a concern in Tajikistan since gaining independence. The re-emergence of patriarchal values and re-traditionalization of gender relationships, along with economic, structural, and institutional challenges, have significantly affected the well-being of women in the country. Despite concerted efforts to address these inequalities, female students in Tajikistan lag in educational participation and attainment. The representation of females in upper secondary school is significantly lower than their male counterparts, while in higher education female students represent less than 40 percent of the country's enrollment. To respond to the widening gap in access to higher education, the government of Tajikistan introduced quotas to admit girls from rural areas to higher education institutions. As empirical literature specifically focusing on access and persistence in higher education in Tajikistan is limited, the chapter draws on policy documents, statistical data, reports of international organizations, available research articles, media sources, and an interview with an alumna of the quota program. It aims to explore the barriers women face in accessing and persisting in higher education as well as the challenges in the implementation of the quota program. The chapter discusses the implications for advancing, reimagining, and reinvigorating gender equality policies in higher education.
Tech-Driven Justice: Navigating Schemes for the Resolution of Content-Moderation Disputes with Online Platforms
Authors: Kunda Ivana
Published: January 2025

In today’s world where online information flows are constantly rising, the illegality of the content that recipients place on the online platforms is causing profound concern. Forced by the developments in legislation and case-law, the online platforms are putting together architectures of different content-moderation mechanisms. The Digital Services Act is one such legislative instrument aimed at harmonising and solidifying the techno-legal landscape in which online platforms take on the role of quasi-adjudicating authority in moderating illegal or objectionable content. This paper is focused on a segment of this system—the out-of-court dispute settlement mechanism. Explored in detail are the parties and the matter of the proceedings, the bodies certified to carry out the proceedings, and the regulated elements of the procedure with the aim of assessing whether this new addition to the ARD menu in the EU will contribute to the reduction of illegal online content, especially by assuring sufficient human expert verification of the decisions related to a disputed content.
The Nexus of the Rule of Law and Alternative Dispute Resolution: Who Boosts or Sets Back Whom?
Authors: Fröhlich Mareike
Published: January 2025

This chapter examines the complex relationship between alternative dispute resolution (ADR) and the rule of law, and how each influences the other. Essential to democratic governance, the rule of law ensures legal certainty, judicial independence and the protection of fundamental rights, while promoting fairness and accountability. ADR has become popular, particularly in regions with underdeveloped legal systems, as a means of attracting foreign investment and resolving disputes more efficiently. This chapter highlights the work of the INVESTinADR project in North Macedonia, which has explored the impact of ADR on investment promotion. ADR offers a flexible and less adversarial alternative to traditional litigation, particularly in commercial and international disputes. However, it faces challenges such as rising costs, delays and power imbalances, which can undermine its effectiveness and alignment with the rule of law. The quality of ADR depends on the impartiality of mediators and arbitrators, and issues such as limited remedies and lack of appellate review are of concern. In addition, ADR decisions often lack precedential value, which affects continuity and legal certainty, and there are increasing calls for transparency, particularly in cases of public interest. The relationship between ADR and the rule of law is complex and varies by context, with no clear consensus on whether one strengthens or weakens the other. In developing countries, ADR can improve access to justice where formal systems are distrusted, but success depends on balancing local and external needs. Concerns about the privatisation of justice through ADR and the need for transparency are significant, although ADR could also drive improvements in traditional justice systems. Ultimately, ADR and the rule of law are interdependent and can be mutually reinforcing if effectively integrated.
Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Management, and Outcomes in China
Authors: Yu Doris Sau-fung , Ye Sophia Fen , Li Polly Wai-Chi
Published: January 2025

The rapid urbanization and industrialization in China cast a significant impact on the risk profile of cardiovascular disease. The striking increase in the cardiovascular disease epidemiology imposes great challenges to the population health, ever-escalating healthcare cost and system burden. Knowing the great diversities in the socioeconomic, geographic, and cultural practice across this globally fourth-largest land area, this chapter provides a critical discussion of the contemporary risk profile of cardiovascular disease from the lifestyle, environment, and economic perspectives. This is followed by a comprehensive overview of its preventive care and management. Against these backdrops, the challenges and opportunities in tackling the impact of cardiovascular disease on individual, societal, and economic perspective are discussed. The special highlights cover the evolving roles of integrative medicine and contemporary health policy in China in shaping the cardiovascular disease profile. The chapter aims to map the cardiovascular disease portfolio in China to the global health, and therefore inform the development of global initiatives to promote cardiovascular health for all in the coming decade.
Obesity and Diabetes in Latin America: The Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Programs and Outcomes
Authors: Albala Cecilia , Vio Fernando
Published: January 2025

Obesity and diabetes 2 are increasing worldwide and especially in Latin America, both diseases being important risk factors for chronic diseases, particularly cardiovascular disease. This chapter describes the impact of obesity and diabetes 2 in relation to cardiovascular disease in Latin America, as well as the associated risk of additional chronic diseases. Despite the implementation of interventions related to sugar-sweetened beverage taxes and food warnings in multiple countries, obesity and diabetes 2 are increasing and more initiatives related to urban and school environments, family environment, screen time control, sleep time, and other factors need to be added to address the whole problem. Two long-term programs for childhood obesity control (Amsterdam and Japan) are discussed and may provide suggestions for consideration in other regions. In conclusion, all these findings emphasize the long-term clinical benefits of lifestyle interventions in children and adults to prevent chronic diseases and more research is needed in the design, implementation, and impact evaluation of evidence-based obesity prevention interventions.
Proof of Concept personalisierter modularer Psychotherapie bei depressiven Erwachsenen
Authors: Elsaeßer Moritz , Herpertz Sabine C. , Schramm Elisabeth
Published: January 2025

Das Prinzip der Modularität ist ein vielversprechender Ansatz, um Psychotherapie zu personalisieren. Bislang gibt es jedoch keine Evidenz, wie modulare Psychotherapie („modular-based psychotherapy“, MoBa) anhand eines systematischen Behandlungsalgorithmus für erwachsene Patient:innen umgesetzt werden kann. Deshalb wurden in dieser Proof-of-Concept-Studie 70 Patient:innen mit Depression, komorbiden psychischen Störungen und einer Vorgeschichte von Kindesmisshandlung randomisiert einer MoBa oder einer herkömmlichen Kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie (KVT) zugeordnet. In die MoBa-Intervention wurden neben KVT-Elementen anhand eines systematischen Behandlungsalgorithmus zusätzlich ein bis 3 weitere Therapiemodule integriert. Diese adressieren transdiagnostische dysfunktionale Mechanismen, die psychischen Störungen nach Kindesmisshandlungen häufig zugrunde liegen und für deren Aufrechterhaltung essenziell sind, und bestehen aus Elementen des Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP), der Mentalisierungsbasierten Therapie (MBT) oder der Achtsamkeitsbasierten Kognitiven Therapie (MBCT). Im Folgenden werden die Ergebnisse hinsichtlich Durchführbarkeit, Akzeptanz und initialer Wirksamkeit nach 20 Sitzungen ambulanter Psychotherapie dargestellt sowie die Implikationen für Forschung und Praxis diskutiert.