bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intratendinous pressure changes in the Achilles tendon during stretching and eccentric loading: Implications for Achilles tendinopathy
Authors: Pringels Lauren , Vanden Bossche Luc , Wezenbeek Evi , Burssens Arne , Vermue Hannes , Victor Jan , Chevalier Amelie
Published: December 2022

Mechanical overload is considered the main cause of Achilles tendinopathy. In addition to tensile loads, it is believed that the Achilles tendon may also be exposed to compressive loads. However, data on intratendinous pressures are lacking, and consequently, their role in the pathophysiology of tendinopathy is still under debate. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the intratendinous pressure changes in the Achilles tendon during stretching and eccentric loading. Twelve pairs of human cadaveric legs were mounted in a testing rig, and a miniature pressure catheter was placed through ultrasound‐guided insertion in four different regions of the Achilles tendon: the insertion (superficial and deep layers), mid‐portion, and proximal portion. Intratendinous pressure was measured during three simulated loading conditions: a bent‐knee calf stretch, a straight‐knee calf stretch, and an eccentric heel‐drop. It was found that the intratendinous pressure increased exponentially in both the insertion and mid‐portion regions of the Achilles tendon during each loading condition (p < 0.001). The highest pressures were consistently found in the deep insertion region (p < 0.001) and during the eccentric heel‐drop (p < 0.001). Pressures in the mid‐portion were also significantly higher than in the proximal portion (p < 0.001). These observations offer novel insights and support a role for compression in the pathophysiology of Achilles tendinopathy by demonstrating high intratendinous pressures at regions where Achilles tendinopathy typically occurs. To what extent managing intratendinous pressure might be successful in patients with Achilles tendinopathy by, for example, avoiding excessive stretching, modifying exercise therapy, and offering heel lifts requires further investigation.
Rhizopus homothallicusrhino‐orbital‐cerebral mucormycosis: Six cases from a tertiary care Centre, North India
Authors: Gupta Munesh Kumar , Selvaraj Siva , Tilak Ragini , Kumar Nilesh , Kumar Rajesh , Chakravarty Jaya
Published: December 2022

Objective

To report six cases ofRhizopus homothallicusrhino‐orbital‐cerebral mucormycosis in North India between April 2021 and July 2021.

Case Details

All six patients had diabetes, concomitant SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, a history of oxygen requirement and steroid intake. Among these six cases 4 were female. All patients presented with sinus pain and peri‐orbital swelling. COVID‐19‐associated mucormycosis (CAM) was diagnosed based on microbiological examination of the biopsied tissue, and its staging was determined radiologically by CT and MRI. Three patients were in stage III‐C, the others were in stage II‐C, II‐D and IV‐A. A multidisciplinary team treated the patients with extensive surgical debridement of the affected tissue, correction of predisposing comorbidities and administration of an antifungal agents. Patients were followed up for 6 months with routine direct nasal endoscopy to check the sinonasal cavity for any recurrence. All the six patients survived at 6 months of follow‐up.

Conclusion

A timely initiated multidisciplinary team‐based approach can reduce the mortality in rhino‐orbital‐cerebral mucormycosis cases caused byR. homothallicus.
KEL1 negative red cell transfusions for females of current or future child‐bearing potential: A clinical impact and feasibility study
Authors: Ning Shuoyan , Morin Pierre‐Aurele , Elahie Allahna , Li Na , Liu Yang , Barty Rebecca , Clarke Gwen , Zeller Michelle , Heddle Nancy M.
Published: December 2022

Background

Anti‐K is an alloantibody stimulated in response to the KEL1 antigen and may cause hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). Provision of KEL1 negative blood to females of child‐bearing potential was not our practice. We assessed the impact of our policy and assessed feasibility of a KEL1 negative transfusion policy.

Study design and methods

This is a cohort study spanning Jan 1, 2007–Jun 30, 2017 in Hamilton, Canada. Data were obtained via our institution's transfusion database. Chart reviews of females age ≤45 with anti‐K were performed; data on RBC KEL1 phenotype were obtained from the blood supplier when needed to ascertain the cause of alloimmunization. Descriptive analysis of hospital KEL1 negative inventory demand and supply was performed.

Results

From Jan 2007‐Jun 2017, 8.6% of all RBC units transfused were provided to females age ≤45. There were 111 females with detectable anti‐K. Median age at time of antibody detection was 34 years (interquartile range 27–40) and 28 of 111 (25.2%) patients may have been alloimmunized by transfusion. Of 49 pregnancies, seven had complications due to anti‐K. We estimated that our existing RBC inventory (with 16% units known to be KEL1 negative in 2017) is sufficient to meet demand and support a KEL1 negative transfusion policy for females age ≤45.

Conclusion

Transfusion was responsible for alloimmunization in 25% of females with anti‐K over 10 years. Analysis of supply and demand can be used to inform feasibility of a KEL1 negative transfusion policy.
A -adic monodromy theorem for de Rham local systems
Authors: Shimizu Koji
Published: December 2022

We study horizontal semistable and horizontal de Rham representations of the absolute Galois group of a certain smooth affinoid over a$p$-adic field. In particular, we prove that a horizontal de Rham representation becomes horizontal semistable after a finite extension of the base field. As an application, we show that every de Rham local system on a smooth rigid analytic variety becomes horizontal semistable étale locally around every classical point. We also discuss potentially crystalline loci of de Rham local systems and cohomologically potentially good reduction loci of smooth proper morphisms.
Dielectric spectroscopy and magnetoelectric coupling in dilute Fe substituted quasi-one-dimensional spin chain calcium cobalt manganite films
Authors: Thankachen Nisha , Pathak Bhargav Y. , Pandya Rutvi J. , Chhaya U. V. , Debnath A. K. , Joshi U. S.
Published: December 2022

Multiferroicity in the type II multiferroic spin chain Ca3CoMnO6 (CCMO) thin films critically depends upon Co/Mn ratio. We intended to disturb this ratio to find its implications on its physical properties. Polycrystalline thin films of pure and dilute Fe substituted CCMO were grown on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si (100) substrates by pulsed laser deposition. Single rhombohedral phase with R-3c space group for all the samples having a smooth surface with RMS roughness ∼20 nm showed systematic bandgap decrease from 1.75 to 1.38 eV upon Fe substitutions. Enhanced negative magnetoresistance due to magnetostriction has been observed for pure CCMO and dilute Fe doped samples. Magnetodielectric coupling due to both magnetoresistance and magnetostriction origin has been detected, resulting in positive as well as negative values. Dielectric spectroscopy with and without magnetic fields revealed high real permittivity values for pure CCMO and dilute Fe doped CCMO thin films. It is further suggested that dilute Fe substitution (or Mn deficiency) breaks the interchain interactions to some extent, in otherwise the quasi-collinear magnetic chain structure. The surface chemistry and valance states have been analyzed in depth by using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Durability in Professional Cyclists: A Field Study
Authors: Valenzuela Pedro L. , Alejo Lidia B. , Ozcoidi Laureano M. , Lucia Alejandro , Santalla Alfredo , Barranco-Gil David
Published: December 2022

Purpose: To assess durability in professional cyclists, as well as potential associated indicators. Methods: Twelve male professional cyclists participated in the study (age: 26 [5] y, VO2max: 83.0 [3.6] mL·kg−1·min−1). They performed a 20-minute time trial (TT) on 2 different sessions separated by a 48-hour period: (1) with no previous fatigue (TTFresh) and (2) immediately after a long submaximal ride (approximately 4 h, 40 kJ/kg) (TTFatigue). We then assessed the decay (in percentage) in mean power output (PO) from TTFresh to TTFatigue and its association with different laboratory-based endurance indicators (ventilatory threshold, peak PO, and VO2max) determined through a previous maximal incremental cycling test, as well as with training loads during the 4 weeks preceding the TTs. Results: While no differences were noted in the average heart rate (177 [7] vs 176 [6] beats·min–1, P = .118), there was a significant decay in PO between TTFresh and TTFatigue (386 [29] W vs 375 [28] W [−2.9%], respectively; P = .007), albeit with signs of interindividual variability (range = −8.5% to 1.1%; coefficient of variation = 105%). No significant associations were found between the PO decay and any of the analyzed indicators (all P > .05). Conclusions: Performance is significantly impaired after a certain amount of work completed (approximately 40 kJ·kg–1) in professional cyclists, and the magnitude of this impairment seems to be not related to “traditional” laboratory-based endurance indicators or to markers of training load. These findings might support the need for specifically assessing durability in cyclists and confirming potential determinants of this parameter.
Soft strain-insensitive bioelectronics featuring brittle materials
Authors: Zhao Yichao , Wang Bo , Tan Jiawei , Yin Hexing , Huang Ruyi , Zhu Jialun , Lin Shuyu , Zhou Yan , Jelinek David , Sun Zhengyang , Youssef Kareem , Voisin Laurent , Horrillo Abraham , Zhang Kaiji , Wu Benjamin M. , Coller Hilary A. , Lu Daniel C. , Pei Qibing , Emaminejad Sam
Published: December 2022

Advancing electronics to interact with tissue necessitates meeting material constraints in electrochemical, electrical, and mechanical domains simultaneously. Clinical bioelectrodes with established electrochemical functionalities are rigid and mechanically mismatched with tissue. Whereas conductive materials with tissue-like softness and stretchability are demonstrated, when applied to electrochemically probe tissue, their performance is distorted by strain and corrosion. We devise a layered architectural composite design that couples strain-induced cracked films with a strain-isolated out-of-plane conductive pathway and in-plane nanowire networks to eliminate strain effects on device electrochemical performance. Accordingly, we developed a library of stretchable, highly conductive, and strain-insensitive bioelectrodes featuring clinically established brittle interfacial materials (iridium-oxide, gold, platinum, and carbon). We paired these bioelectrodes with different electrochemical probing methods (amperometry, voltammetry, and potentiometry) and demonstrated strain-insensitive sensing of multiple biomarkers and in vivo neuromodulation.
The role of divergent ecological adaptation during allopatric speciation in vertebrates
Authors: Anderson Sean A. S. , Weir Jason T.
Published: December 2022

After decades of debate, biologists today largely agree that most speciation events require an allopatric phase (that is, geographic separation), but the role of adaptive ecological divergence during this critical period is still unknown. Here, we show that relatively few allopatric pairs of birds, mammals, or amphibians exhibit trait differences consistent with models of divergent adaptation in each of many ecologically relevant traits. By fitting new evolutionary models to numerous sets of sister-pair trait differences, we find that speciating and recently speciated allopatric taxa seem to overwhelmingly evolve under similar rather than divergent macro–selective pressures. This contradicts the classical view of divergent adaptation as a prominent driver of the early stages of speciation and helps synthesize two historical controversies regarding the ecology and geography of species formation.
Asymmetric intermolecular allylic C–H amination of alkenes with aliphatic amines
Authors: Pak Shing Cheung Kelvin , Fang Jian , Mukherjee Kallol , Mihranyan Andranik , Gevorgyan Vladimir
Published: December 2022

Aliphatic allylic amines are found in a great variety of complex and biorelevant molecules. The direct allylic C–H amination of alkenes serves as the most straightforward method toward these motifs. However, use of widely available internal alkenes with aliphatic amines in this transformation remains a synthetic challenge. In particular, palladium catalysis faces the twin challenges of inefficient coordination of Pd(II) to internal alkenes but excessively tight and therefore inhibitory coordination of Pd(II) by basic aliphatic amines. We report a general solution to these problems. The developed protocol, in contrast to a classical Pd(II/0) scenario, operates through a blue light–induced Pd(0/I/II) manifold with mild aryl bromide oxidant. This open-shell approach also enables enantio- and diastereoselective allylic C–H amination.
Dynamical fractal and anomalous noise in a clean magnetic crystal
Authors: Hallén Jonathan N. , Grigera Santiago A. , Tennant D. Alan , Castelnovo Claudio , Moessner Roderich
Published: December 2022

Fractals—objects with noninteger dimensions—occur in manifold settings and length scales in nature. In this work, we identify an emergent dynamical fractal in a disorder-free, stoichiometric, and three-dimensional magnetic crystal in thermodynamic equilibrium. The phenomenon is born from constraints on the dynamics of the magnetic monopole excitations in spin ice, which restrict them to move on the fractal. This observation explains the anomalous exponent found in magnetic noise experiments in the spin ice compound Dy
2
Ti
2
O
7
, and it resolves a long-standing puzzle about its rapidly diverging relaxation time. The capacity of spin ice to exhibit such notable phenomena suggests that there will be further unexpected discoveries in the cooperative dynamics of even simple topological many-body systems.
ATG9A prevents TNF cytotoxicity by an unconventional lysosomal targeting pathway
Authors: Huyghe Jon , Priem Dario , Van Hove Lisette , Gilbert Barbara , Fritsch Jürgen , Uchiyama Yasuo , Hoste Esther , van Loo Geert , Bertrand Mathieu J. M.
Published: December 2022

Cell death induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) can be beneficial during infection by helping to mount proper immune responses. However, TNF-induced death can also drive a variety of inflammatory pathologies. Protectives brakes, or cell-death checkpoints, normally repress TNF cytotoxicity to protect the organism from its potential detrimental consequences. Thus, although TNF can kill, this only occurs when one of the checkpoints is inactivated. Here, we describe a checkpoint that prevents apoptosis through the detoxification of the cytotoxic complex IIa that forms upon TNF sensing. We found that autophagy-related 9A (ATG9A) and 200kD FAK family kinase-interacting protein (FIP200) promote the degradation of this complex through a light chain 3 (LC3)–independent lysosomal targeting pathway. This detoxification mechanism was found to counteract TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1)–mediated embryonic lethality and inflammatory skin disease in mouse models.
Hyperspectral imaging of exciton confinement within a moiré unit cell with a subnanometer electron probe
Authors: Susarla Sandhya , Naik Mit H. , Blach Daria D. , Zipfel Jonas , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Huang Libai , Ramesh Ramamoorthy , da Jornada Felipe H. , Louie Steven G. , Ercius Peter , Raja Archana
Published: December 2022

Electronic and optical excitations in two-dimensional systems are distinctly sensitive to the presence of a moiré superlattice. We used cryogenic transmission electron microscopy and spectroscopy to simultaneously image the structural reconstruction and associated localization of the lowest-energy intralayer exciton in a rotationally aligned WS
2
-WSe
2
moiré superlattice. In conjunction with optical spectroscopy and ab initio calculations, we determined that the exciton center-of-mass wave function is confined to a radius of approximately 2 nanometers around the highest-energy stacking site in the moiré unit cell. Our results provide direct evidence that atomic reconstructions lead to the strongly confining moiré potentials and that engineering strain at the nanoscale will enable new types of excitonic lattices.
Paleontologist accused of fraud in paper on dino-killing asteroid
Authors: Price Michael
Published: December 2022

A former collaborator claims Robert DePalma fabricated data so he could scoop her on a high-profile study
Characterization of a Novel Capsid Assembly Modulator for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection
Authors: Burdette Dara , Hyrina Anastasia , Song Zhijuan , Beran Rudolf K. , Cheung Tara , Gilmore Sarah , Kobayashi Tetsuya , Li Li , Liu Yang , Niedziela-Majka Anita , Medley Jonathan , Mehra Upasana , Morganelli Philip , Novikov Nikolai , Niu Congrong , Tam Danny , Tang Jennifer , Wang Jianhong , Yue Qin , Fletcher Simon P. , Holdorf Meghan M. , Delaney William E. , Feierbach Becket , Lazerwith Scott
Published: December 2022

The standard of care for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is typically lifelong treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs), which suppress viral replication and provide long-term clinical benefits. However, infectious virus can still be detected in patients who are virally suppressed on NA therapy, which may contribute to the failure of these agents to cure most CHB patients.
Molecular Mechanism of Chloramphenicol and Thiamphenicol Resistance Mediated by a Novel Oxidase, CmO, in
Sphingomonadaceae
Authors: Ma Xiaodan , Zhang Liying , Ren Yijun , Yun Hui , Cui Hanlin , Li Qian , Guo Yuanqiang , Gao Shuhong , Zhang Fengliang , Wang Aijie , Liang Bin
Published: December 2022

Rising levels of antibiotic resistance are undermining ecological and human health as a result of the indiscriminate usage of antibiotics. Various resistance mechanisms have been characterized—for example, genes encoding proteins that degrade antibiotics—and yet, this requires further exploration.
MinION Sequencing of Yeast Mock Communities To Assess the Effect of Databases and ITS-LSU Markers on the Reliability of Metabarcoding Analysis
Authors: Conti Angela , Casagrande Pierantoni Debora , Robert Vincent , Corte Laura , Cardinali Gianluigi
Published: December 2022

Metagenomic analyses are fundamental in many research areas; therefore, improvement of methods and protocols for the description of microbial communities becomes more and more necessary. Long-read sequencing could be used for reducing biases due to the multicopy nature of rDNA sequences and short-read limitations.
Human papillomavirus vaccination and cervical cancer risk
Authors: Rahangdale Lisa , Mungo Chemtai , O’Connor Siobhan , Chibwesha Carla J , Brewer Noel T
Published: December 2022

Persistent human papillomavirus infection is the central cause of cervical cancer, the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Clear evidence from both randomized trials and population based studies shows that vaccination against human papillomavirus reduces the incidence of cervical pre-cancer. These data suggest that the vaccine reduces the incidence of cervical cancer. However, human papillomavirus vaccine coverage is inadequate in all countries, especially in low and middle income countries where disease burden is highest. Supply side strategies to improve coverage include increasing the availability of low cost vaccines, school located delivery, single dose vaccine schedules, and development of vaccines that do not need refrigeration. Demand side strategies include enhancing provider recommendations, correcting misinformation, and public awareness campaigns. The near elimination of cervical cancer is achievable through increased uptake of human papillomavirus vaccination and efforts to increase screening for cervical cancer, especially when enacted to reduce disparities in across the world.
Implementation of an ISO15189 accredited next-generation sequencing service with the fully automated Ion Torrent Genexus: the experience of a clinical diagnostic laboratory
Authors: Werner Réiltín , Connolly Amy , Bennett Michael , Hand Collette K , Burke Louise
Published: December 2022

Aims

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is integral to the delivery of personalised medicine for targeted cancer therapy. Average turnaround times (TAT) from reference laboratories with advanced expertise in sequencing are typically 2–3 weeks. Prolonged TAT for biomarker analysis can adversely affect patient outcomes. The project aim was to establish an accredited NGS service integrated within a routine clinical diagnostic laboratory, in a designated tertiary cancer centre with no previous experience in NGS or bioinformatics.

Methods

Platform selected was the novel Ion Torrent Genexus Sequencer with automated onboard library preparation, templating, sequencing and data analysis, with subsequent reporting using Oncomine Reporter software.

Entire workflow validation was performed with a targeted panel, the Oncomine Precision Assay, on formalin-fixed paraffin embedded clinical tumour samples. Oncomine Reporter software was used to report on variants including mutations, copy number variations and fusions across 50 key genes.

Samples included surgical resections, biopsies, cytology and commercial reference material. Assessment of criteria included analytical sensitivity, specificity, limit of detection, accuracy, repeatability and reproducibility, with the establishment of performance metrics and quality parameters.

Results

High sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility were achieved. DNA/RNA input requirements optimised to >10 ng, and sequencing performance established with a limit of detection of 5% when depth of coverage of 2500X was reached. This NGS service attained ISO15189 accreditation with no non-conformances and >56% reduction in TAT.

Conclusion

Successful implementation, clinical validation and accreditation of a novel NGS technology was achieved in this institution, with a significantly improved TAT of results to oncologists
Epigenetic modulation of neuroblastoma enhances T cell and NK cell immunogenicity by inducing a tumor-cell lineage switch
Authors: Cornel Annelisa M , Dunnebach Ester , Hofman Damon A , Das Sanjukta , Sengupta Satyaki , van den Ham Femke , Wienke Judith , Strijker Josephine G M , van den Beemt Denise A M H , Essing Anke H W , Koopmans Bianca , Engels Sem A G , Lo Presti Vania , Szanto Celina S , George Rani E , Molenaar Jan J , van Heesch Sebastiaan , Dierselhuis Miranda P , Nierkens S
Published: December 2022

Background

Immunotherapy in high-risk neuroblastoma (HR-NBL) does not live up to its full potential due to inadequate (adaptive) immune engagement caused by the extensive immunomodulatory capacity of HR-NBL. We aimed to tackle one of the most notable immunomodulatory processes in neuroblastoma (NBL), absence of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) surface expression, a process greatly limiting cytotoxic T cell engagement. We and others have previously shown that MHC-I expression can be induced by cytokine-driven immune modulation. Here, we aimed to identify tolerable pharmacological repurposing strategies to upregulate MHC-I expression and therewith enhance T cell immunogenicity in NBL.

Methods

Drug repurposing libraries were screened to identify compounds enhancing MHC-I surface expression in NBL cells using high-throughput flow cytometry analyses optimized for adherent cells. The effect of positive hits was confirmed in a panel of NBL cell lines and patient-derived organoids. Compound-treated NBL cell lines and organoids were cocultured with preferentially expressed antigen of melanoma (PRAME)-reactive tumor-specific T cells and healthy-donor natural killer (NK) cells to determine the in vitro effect on T cell and NK cell cytotoxicity. Additional immunomodulatory effects of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) were identified by transcriptome and translatome analysis of treated organoids.

Results

Drug library screening revealed MHC-I upregulation by inhibitor of apoptosis inhibitor (IAPi)- and HDACi drug classes. The effect of IAPi was limited due to repression of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) pathway activity in NBL, while the MHC-I-modulating effect of HDACi was widely translatable to a panel of NBL cell lines and patient-derived organoids. Pretreatment of NBL cells with the HDACi entinostat enhanced the cytotoxic capacity of tumor-specific T cells against NBL in vitro, which coincided with increased expression of additional players regulating T cell cytotoxicity (eg, TAP1/2 and immunoproteasome subunits). Moreover, MICA and MICB, important in NK cell cytotoxicity, were also increased by entinostat exposure. Intriguingly, this increase in immunogenicity was accompanied by a shift toward a more mesenchymal NBL cell lineage.

Conclusions

This study indicates the potential of combining (immuno)therapy with HDACi to enhance both T cell-driven and NKcell-driven immune responses in patients with HR-NBL.
Longitudinal characterisation of B and T-cell immune responses after the booster dose of COVID-19 mRNA-vaccine in people with multiple sclerosis using different disease-modifying therapies
Authors: Aiello Alessandra , Coppola Andrea , Ruggieri Serena , Farroni Chiara , Altera Anna Maria Gerarda , Salmi Andrea , Vanini Valentina , Cuzzi Gilda , Petrone Linda , Meschi Silvia , Lapa Daniele , Bettini Aurora , Haggiag Shalom , Prosperini Luca , Galgani Simonetta , Quartuccio Maria Esmeralda , Bevilacqua Nazario , Garbuglia Anna Rosa , Agrati Chiara , Puro Vincenzo , Tortorella Carla , Gasperini Claudio , Nicastri Emanuele , Goletti Delia
Published: December 2022

Background

The decline of humoral response to COVID-19 vaccine led to authorise a booster dose. Here, we characterised the kinetics of B-cell and T-cell immune responses in patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) after the booster dose.

Methods

We enrolled 22 PwMS and 40 healthcare workers (HCWs) after 4–6 weeks from the booster dose (T3). Thirty HCWs and 19 PwMS were also recruited 6 months (T2) after the first dose. Antibody response was measured by anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD)-IgG detection, cell-mediated response by an interferon (IFN)-γ release assay (IGRA), Th1 cytokines and T-cell memory profile by flow cytometry.

Results

Booster dose increased anti-RBD-IgG titers in fingolimod-treated, cladribine-treated and IFN-β-treated patients, but not in ocrelizumab-treated patients, although antibody titres were lower than HCWs. A higher number of fingolimod-treated patients seroconverted at T3. Differently, T-cell response evaluated by IGRA remained stable in PwMS independently of therapy. Spike-specific Th1-cytokine response was mainly CD4+T-cell-mediated, and in PwMS was significantly reduced (p<0.0001) with impaired IL-2 production compared with HCWs at T3. In PwMS, total Th1 and IFN-γ CD4+T-cell responders to spike protein were increased from T2 to T3.

Compared with HCWs, PwMS presented a higher frequency of CD4+and CD8+terminally differentiated effector memory cells and of CD4+effector memory (TEM) cells, independently of the stimulus suggesting the association of this phenotype with MS status. CD4+and CD8+TEMcell frequency was further increased at T3 compared with T2.

Conclusions

COVID-19 vaccine booster strengthens humoral and Th1-cell responses and increases TEMcells in PwMS.
The effect of a multi-carbohydrase enzyme and yeast-derived product on intestinal microbiome structure, activity, and gut function of turkeys
Authors: Rogiewicz Anna , Józefiak Agata , Mikulski Dariusz , Juśkiewicz Jerzy , Zduńczyk Zenon , Jankowski Jan , Józefiak Damian , Patterson Rob , Slominski Bogdan A.
Published: December 2022

The effect of a multi-carbohydrase (E) and its combination with an enzymatically modified yeast cell wall (Y) on the ileal and cecal microbiota and on gut function of turkeys was studied. The experimental diets, including the control (C), C + E, and C + E + Y, were fed to seven replicate pens of four birds from 22 to 56 days of age. The addition of E + Y resulted in a significant decrease in the relative abundance of Firmicutes and a significant increase of Actinobacteria in ileal digesta. A significant decrease in the abundance of Firmicutes was not followed by the abundance of Ruminococcaceae, one of the butyrate-producing bacteria. This coincided with a significantly increased concentration of butyrate in the ileal digesta and the proportion of butyrate within the total short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). As opposed to the ileum, the addition of E or E + Y did not affect the relative abundance of Firmicutes in ceca. The higher content of SCFA in the cecal digesta than in the ileum would reflect differences in microbial activities in both compartments, and possible increased SCFA absorption from the ileum. Overall, the positive effects of enzyme and yeast bioactive supplements on bacterial communities appeared to be more pronounced in the small intestine.
A career of bat research: informing and motivating bat conservation
Authors: Brigham R. Mark , Wee Naomi M.J.
Published: December 2022

Bat conservation has become prevalent over the last few decades due to critical population declines worldwide. Our purpose was to assess whether Brock Fenton's research career coincided with increasing bat conservation research in Canada and North America. Fenton has made significant contributions to bat research during a long and productive publishing career accompanied by participation in research organizations like the North American Society for Bat Research and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council. His conservation research as well as efforts to raise public awareness about these animals has coincided with work for the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada and its equivalent (Committee on the Status of Species at Risk in Ontario) in ON. To assess the impact of his career, we quantified the relative amount of his peer-reviewed publications with a conservation focus and compared this with the level of conservation-related presentations at annual North American Society for Bat Research conferences. In the same manner, we assessed how often conservation-focused applications were funded by the Ecology and Evolution section of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council—Canada Discovery grant program. Although it cannot be said with authority that Fenton actually initiated the increase in bat conservation research, our results indicate that his research efforts coincide with and presumably had considerable influence in driving this area of research.
Wastewater Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Canada
Authors: Hrudey Steve E. , Bischel Heather N. , Charrois Jeff , Chik Alex H. S. , Conant Bernadette , Delatolla Rob , Dorner Sarah , Graber Tyson E. , Hubert Casey , Isaac-Renton Judy , Pons Wendy , Safford Hannah , Servos Mark , Sikora Christopher
Published: December 2022

Wastewater surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 RNA is a relatively recent adaptation of long-standing wastewater surveillance for infectious and other harmful agents. Individuals infected with COVID-19 were found to shed SARS-CoV-2 in their faeces. Researchers around the world confirmed that SARS-CoV-2 RNA fragments could be detected and quantified in community wastewater. Canadian academic researchers, largely as volunteer initiatives, reported proof-of-concept by April 2020. National collaboration was initially facilitated by the Canadian Water Network.

Many public health officials were initially skeptical about actionable information being provided by wastewater surveillance even though experience has shown that public health surveillance for a pandemic has no single, perfect approach. Rather, different approaches provide different insights, each with its own strengths and limitations. Public health science must triangulate among different forms of evidence to maximize understanding of what is happening or may be expected. Well-conceived, resourced, and implemented wastewater-based platforms can provide a cost-effective approach to support other conventional lines of evidence. Sustaining wastewater monitoring platforms for future surveillance of other disease targets and health states is a challenge. Canada can benefit from taking lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic to develop forward-looking interpretive frameworks and capacity to implement, adapt, and expand such public health surveillance capabilities.
Closed timelike curves and energy conditions in regular spacetimes
Authors: Gutti Sashideep , Kulkarni Shailesh , Prasad Vaishak
Published: December 2022

In this article, we explore the relationship between the existence of closed timelike curves and energy conditions that occur in the Kerr–Newman spacetime. To quantify the dependence, we define a correlation index between energy conditions and closed timelike curves. We investigate the validity of Hawking’s chronology protection conjecture for the closed time like curves that occur in the noncommutative version of the Kerr–Newman spacetime that has the right ingredients to examine the conjecture . We report the results outlining the possible role played by violations of energy conditions in eliminating the closed timelike curves.
Recurrence analysis of phase distribution changes during boiling flow in parallel minichannels
Authors: Rafałko Gabriela , Grzybowski Hubert , Dzienis Paweł , Zaborowska Iwona , Mosdorf Romuald , Litak Grzegorz
Published: December 2022

In the paper, flow boiling in three parallel minichannels with a common inlet and outlet area was examined. The synchronization between flow distributions in minichannels was analyzed in local area (image analysis) and as the process of the synchronization between inlet and outlet pressure fluctuations. These processes were studied using cross recurrence plot. The analysis of pixel brightness changes inside minichannels has been applied to identify the similarity of flow patterns changes inside minichannels. The results have revealed that the processes of synchronization have a negative impact on water inlet and outlet temperature and inlet and outlet pressure oscillations. During synchronization high amplitude of oscillations of temperature and pressure occur. The mentioned behaviors are caused mainly by reverse flow. In the paper it has been shown that recurrence analysis of inlet and outlet pressure oscillations can be used for assessment of boiling synchronization in minichannels.
Changing the physical behavior of phase change material by means of numerical technique
Authors: Rothan Yahya Ali
Published: December 2022

Numerical simulation was offered for scrutinizing the freezing of water within the complex container. The container has elliptic left adiabatic wall while the right wall is sinusoidal wall and maintained at cold temperature. The drawback of water has been removed by adding alumina nanoparticles. For this modeling, different ranges of volume and shape factor of nanoparticles have been scrutinized by incorporating FEM. The configuration of grid alters with change of time and verification test has been presented which proved good accuracy. As bigger shape factor has been selected, the time of process decline less than 4% for cylinder shape and this percentage augments around 78.22% for blade shape. As nanoparticle fraction increases, the required time declines around 26.84%. The impact of blade shape in view of adding nanoparticles is 25.74% greater than that of cylinder shape.
Heat and mass transfer phenomenon for micropolar nanofluid with microrotation effects: Nonsimilarity simulations
Authors: Raza Jawad , Al-Khaled Kamel , Dero Sumera , Lund Liaquat Ali , Khan Sami Ullah , Khan M. Ijaz , Boudjemline Attia , Chaudhry Imran Ali , Boujelbene Mohamed , Bouazzi Yassine
Published: December 2022

Nonsimilar equations exist in many fluid flow problems and these equations are difficult to be solved using variation of the physical parameters. The key purpose of this study is to find nonsimilarity solution of nanofluid on an exponentially shrunk sheet in the existence of micropolar nanofluid without considerations of the thermal radiation and viscous dissipation effects. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are transformed into nonsimilar equations consisting of both ordinary and PDEs. Numerical results of velocity, microrotation, heat and concentration are presented in graphs. The results reveal that fluid particles’ velocity decreases nearby surface and increases afterward. The skin friction, heat and concentration transfer rate are also plotted to perceive the phenomena with different physical situations. It can be deduced that wall shear force [Formula: see text] is improved by developed effects of micropolar fluid parameter [Formula: see text] and reduced by increasing values of Hartmann number [Formula: see text].
Long waves with a small amplitude on the surface of the water behave dynamically in nonlinear lattices on a non-dimensional grid
Authors: Khater Mostafa M. A.
Published: December 2022

Approximation and analysis are used for investigating accurate soliton solutions of the ill-posed Boussinesq (IPB) equation. The investigated model explains shallow-water gravitational waves. It examines one-dimensional nonlinear strings and lattices. IPB explains small-amplitude surface waves on nonlinear strings and lattices. We provide unique analytical solutions to analyze numerical beginning and boundary conditions. A solution’s quality is judged by its divergence from analytical predictions. Physical wave properties are illustrated.
Analytical analysis of nonlinear internal resonance bandgap of pendulum-type metamaterial
Authors: Guo Shaojie , Bai Changqing , Zhang Hongyan
Published: December 2022

In this paper, a pendulum-type metamaterial (PTM) is designed with a pendulum bob hinged at the primary mass. Considering the effect of geometric nonlinearity, the nonlinear dynamic equations of PTM unit cell are presented with the aid of the Bloch theorem. The analytical formula of dispersion equation is deduced to discuss the nonlinear internal resonance bandgap using the harmonic balance method. The obtained bandgap of the metamaterial is in good agreement with the numerical simulation result. The nonlinear geometric influence of pendulum on PTM bandwidth is significant. The bandgaps under different internal resonances are substantially different from each other due to the nonlinear effects. The upper boundaries of the frequency bandgap under 1:1/2 and 1:1/3 internal resonance rise nonlinearly to higher than those under linear and 1:1 internal resonance conditions. It shows that the impact of 1:1/2 and 1:1/3 internal resonance on the bandgap could be more obvious as the strong nonlinearity is taken into consideration.
A Local Area Network-Based Insect Intelligent Building Platform
Authors: Zhang Zhen-Ya , Fang Bo , Wang Ping , Cheng Hong-Mei
Published: December 2022

The Insect Intelligent Building (I2B) platform is one kind of new architecture of building control and management systems based on a computing process node (CPN) network. To construct an I2B platform more conveniently, a new kind of I2B Platform based on a local area network is presented in this paper. In the local area network-based I2B Platform, the database describing the adjacency of building space units is deployed in building process unit (BPU) and central information node. And with BPU and central information node, the local area network-based I2B Platform can perceive the local topology of each building space unit and each build facility unit even if the CPN network is not deployed. Furthermore, the evaluation method for communication performance of the local area network-based I2B is also presented in this paper. Experiment results show that the network performance of the local area network-based I2B platform can meet the requirements of the I2B platform on communication time.
Cosmological implications of Born–Infeld-f(R) gravity
Authors: Kibaroğlu Salih , Elizalde Emilio
Published: December 2022

In this paper, a modified Born–Infeld gravitation theory with an [Formula: see text] function being added to the determinant action is analyzed from a cosmological viewpoint. The corresponding accelerating dynamics are studied in a simplified conformal approach without matter. Three different structures for the auxiliary metric function are analyzed, with the aim to establish a deeper understanding of the role of this function in cosmology. After performing the analysis, it is seen that by modifying the auxiliary metric function, a Big Rip singularity or either a Little Rip dark energy model may arise.
Feature Selection Using Games with Imperfect Information (FSGIN)
Authors: Nazar Nasrin Banu , Senthilkumar Radha
Published: December 2022

Game Theory (GT) is the study of strategic decision making. By virtue of its importance, several GT based methodologies for Feature Selection (FS) are proposed in recent times. FS problem can be abstracted as a game by considering each feature as a player and their values as their strategies. Additionally, overall goal of the game is set to classify a data instance appropriately. Most of the existing GT based FS techniques are restricted to Zero Sum Games, Non-Zero Sum Games and Cooperative Games. The classical setting of assuming that all the details of players are known to all players cannot hold in many real-world problems. When the given features are independent, they cannot be treated alike and a characteristics based uncertainty persists among the features. This uncertainty is handled by none of the game forms used in the existing methods. Unlike the mentioned game techniques, Bayesian Games (BG) address the games with imperfect information. This paper investigate the FS problem in terms of BG and proposes a novel method to select the best features. The proposed BG based FS method is a filter type FS method and it starts with identifying Principle Features (PF) and proceeds to play global pairwise Bayesian games between those PF to obtain feature scores. Later, the features are ranked using these scores. In the final stage, a forward selection method with Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used to evaluate the classification performance of the ranked features and helps in the selection of the optimal set of features. Besides these, to improve the scalability of the proposed method MapReduce paradigm is exploited. In order to show the efficacy of the proposed method, experiments are carried out with seven real-world datasets from UCI and Statlog repositories. The promising results showed a significant improvement in the classification performance with fewer selected features than which is achieved using the existing methods.
The Design of Personalized Learning Resource Recommendation System for Ideological and Political Courses
Authors: Xu Yue , Chen Tian’e
Published: December 2022

Colleges and universities increasingly incorporate ideological and political (IP) concepts into their courses as a fundamental prerequisite and a rising IP education trend under changing conditions. Students have difficulty sifting through the ever-growing amount of online information to locate what they need in learning resources. Technology-enhanced learning encompasses any technology that helps students study more effectively. This paper suggests a personalized learning resource recommendation system (PLRRS) for IPC. Personal learning recommendation systems (PLRSs) that do their task well will help students cope with the existing information overload. They will make sure that they receive the correct information at the right time and in the right format for their particular needs. E-learning systems that intentionally personalize their courses to the preferences, objectives, skills, and interests of the students they serve are engaging in personalized learning. In the last several years, researchers have been looking at ways to assist instructors in enhancing e-learning. Personalized learning scenarios are created by picking the most relevant learning objects based on an individual’s profile. A test score greatly improved for students in IPC after using the model in this research, which suggests that this model has a strong promotion value.
T5 configurations and hyperbolic systems
Authors: Johansson Carl Johan Peter , Tione Riccardo
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we study the rank-one convex hull of a differential inclusion associated to entropy solutions of a hyperbolic system of conservation laws. This was introduced in [B. Kirchheim, S. Müller and V. Šverák, Studying Nonlinear PDE by Geometry in Matrix Space (Springer, 2003), Sec. 7], and many of its properties have already been shown in [A. Lorent and G. Peng, Null Lagrangian measures in subspaces, compensated compactness and conservation laws, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 234(2) (2019) 857–910; A. Lorent and G. Peng, On the Rank-1 convex hull of a set arising from a hyperbolic system of Lagrangian elasticity, Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations 59(5) (2020) 156]. In particular, in [A. Lorent and G. Peng, On the Rank-1 convex hull of a set arising from a hyperbolic system of Lagrangian elasticity, Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations 59(5) (2020) 156], it is shown that the differential inclusion does not contain any [Formula: see text] configurations. Here, we continue that study by showing that the differential inclusion does not contain [Formula: see text] configurations.
Cardiac MRI Segmentation Using Efficient ResNeXT-50-Based IEI Level Set and Anisotropic Sigmoid Diffusion Algorithms
Authors: Bhan Anupama , Mangipudi Partha Sarathi , Goyal Ayush
Published: December 2022

Endocardial and epicardial border identification has been of extensive interest in cardiac Magnetic Resonance Images (MRIs). It is a difficult job to segment the epicardium and endocardium accurately and automatically from cardiac MRI owing to the cardiac tissues’ complexity even though the prevailing Deep Learning (DL) methodologies had attained significant success in medical imaging segmentation. Hence, by employing effectual ResNeXT-50-centric Inverse Edge Indicator Level Set (IEILS) and anisotropic sigmoid diffusion algorithms, this system has proposed cardiac MRI segmentation. The work has endured some function for an effectual partition of epicardium and endocardium. Initially, by employing the Truncated Kernel Function (TK)-Trilateral Filter, the noise removal function is executed on the input cardiac MRI. Next, by wielding the ResNeXT-50 IEILS, the Left and Right Ventricular (LV/RV) regions are segmented. The epicardium and endocardium are segmented by the ASD algorithm once the LV/RV is separated from the Left Ventricle (LV) region. Here, the openly accessible Sunnybrook and the Right Ventricle (RV) datasets are wielded. Then, the prevailing state-of-art algorithms are analogized to the outcomes achieved by the proposed framework. Regarding accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, the proposed methodology executed the cardiac MRI segmentation process precisely along with the other surpassed state-of-the-art methodologies.
An Element Decomposition Method for Three-Dimensional Solid Mechanics
Authors: Wang Gang , Wang Zhonghu , Zhao Yue
Published: December 2022

This paper proposes an element decomposition method (EDM) for elastic-static, free vibration and forced vibration analyses of three-dimensional solid mechanics. The problem domain is first discretized using eight-node hexahedral elements. Then, each hexahedron is further subdivided into a set of sub-tetrahedral cells, and the local strains in each sub-tetrahedron are obtained using linear interpolation functions. For each hexahedron, the strain of the whole element is the weighted average value of the local strains, which means only one integration point is adopted to establish the stiffness matrix. To cure the numerical instability of one-point quadrature and improve the accuracy, a variation gradient item is complemented by variance of the local strains. Numerical examples, including both benchmark and practical engineering cases, demonstrate that the present method possesses the following interesting properties compared with the traditional finite element method using the same mesh discretization (1) super accuracy and faster convergence rate; (2) higher computational efficiency; (3) more immune to mesh distortion.