bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carbon fibres from renewable resources: the role of the lignin molecular structure in its blendability with biobased poly(ethylene terephthalate)
Authors: Beaucamp Anne , Wang Yan , Culebras Mario , Collins Maurice N.
Published: August 2019

Understanding the blending chemistry at the molecular level to improve lignin valorisation.
Polyoxomolybdate (POM) nanoclusters with radiosensitizing and scintillating properties for low dose X-ray inducible radiation-radiodynamic therapy
Authors: Maiti Debabrata , Zhong Jing , Zhang Zheng , Zhou Hailin , Xion Saisai , Dong Ziliang , Kumar Sarvendra , Liu Zhuang , Yang Kai
Published: August 2019

X-rays with high deep tissue penetration could be acted as an excellent excited light source for enhanced photodynamic therapy (PDT), avoiding the weak penetration of near-infrared light and further improving the therapeutic efficiency of PDT.
Manipulating chemistry through nanoparticle morphology
Authors: Litti Lucio , Reguera Javier , García de Abajo F. Javier , Meneghetti Moreno , Liz-Marzán Luis M.
Published: August 2019

The complex anisotropy of Au-nanostars is used to manipulate the protonation chemistry of selected molecules, monitored through their SERS signals.
Synthesis, screening and biological activity of potent thiosemicarbazone compounds as a tyrosinase inhibitor
Authors: Cai Penggen , Xiong Yi , Yao Yao , Chen Wu , Dong Xiongwei
Published: August 2019

Inhibitors are designed based on coordination chemistry and catalytic circle of the tyrosinase, coordination atoms binds to copper and blocks enzyme activity, indicated that thiosemicarbazone species possess good potential as tyrosinase inhibitors.
The construction of an effective far-red fluorescent and colorimetric platform containing a merocyanine core for the specific and visual detection of thiophenol in both aqueous medium and living cells
Authors: Sun Xin , Wang Mengzhao , Lu Yanan , Fan Chunhua , Lu Yizhong , Lu Zhengliang
Published: August 2019

Thiophenol is toxic to the environment and biological systems although it is an indispensable material for chemical products.
Energetic transition metal complexes based on methyl carbazate and picric acid: syntheses, structures, physicochemical properties and catalysis on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate
Authors: Yang Xiaoming , Wang Yanna , Li Zhimin , Du Jiang , Wang Lin , Zhang Tonglai
Published: August 2019

Seven energetic transition metal complexes based on methyl carbazate and picric acid were synthesized in this work. All of them exhibit excellent catalytic performance on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate, especially the Cu(ii) complex.
Electrodeposition of Ni–Co–Fe mixed sulfide ultrathin nanosheets on Ni nanocones: a low-cost, durable and high performance catalyst for electrochemical water splitting
Authors: Barati Darband Ghasem , Aliofkhazraei Mahmood , Hyun Suyeon , Sabour Rouhaghdam Alireza , Shanmugam Sangaraju
Published: August 2019

Ni–Co–Fe mixed sulfide ultrathin nanosheets obtained by electrodeposition method exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity. The Ni–Co–Fe nanosheets require the overpotential of 106 and 207 mV to generate 10 mA cm−2 current density for the HER, and OER, respectively.
Growth of close-packed crystalline polypyrrole on graphene oxide via in situ polymerization of two-monomer-connected precursors
Authors: Kim Wonbin , Lee Hong-Joon , Ahmad Zubair , Yoo Seung Jo , Kim Youn-Joong , Kumar Santosh , Changez Mohammad , Lee Jung-Soo , Lee Jae-Suk
Published: August 2019

The close-packed crystal nanostructure and electrochemical properties of the composite P(Py:BPDSA:Py)-GO are analyzed.
A room temperature operated ammonia gas sensor based on Ag-decorated TiO2 quantum dot clusters
Authors: Liu Haixin , Shen Wenhao , Chen Xiaoquan
Published: August 2019

In this research, nanometer size aggregates (clusters) of titanium dioxide (TiO2) quantum dot clusters (QDs) have been successfully prepared via a convenient hydrolysis method at a low temperature (80 °C).
Recent advances in exfoliation techniques of layered and non-layered materials for energy conversion and storage
Authors: Tao Pengcheng , Yao Shan , Liu Fangyan , Wang Biao , Huang Feng , Wang Mengye
Published: August 2019

Recent advances in exfoliation techniques of layered and non-layered materials for energy conversion and storage are summarized.
A water-resilient carbon nanotube based strain sensor for monitoring structural integrity
Authors: Ahuja Preety , Akiyama Shingo , Ujjain Sanjeev Kumar , Kukobat Radovan , Vallejos-Burgos Fernando , Futamura Ryusuke , Hayashi Takuya , Kimura Mutsumi , Tomanek David , Kaneko Katsumi
Published: August 2019

A Zn–Al dispersed SWCNT based Superhydrophobic Strain Sensor offers highly linear piezoresistive-response, providing a new vista for infrastructure and health monitoring.
A two-dimensional semiconducting covalent organic framework with nickel(ii) coordination for high capacitive performance
Authors: Li Tao , Zhang Wen-Da , Liu Yong , Li Yunxing , Cheng Caikun , Zhu Haiyan , Yan Xiaodong , Li Zaijun , Gu Zhi-Guo
Published: August 2019

A 2D covalent organic framework with excellent electrical conductivity and a highly conjugated planar skeleton exhibits a markedly high specific capacitance of 1257 F g−1.
Sodium butyrate-modified sulfonated polyetheretherketone modulates macrophage behavior and shows enhanced antibacterial and osteogenic functions during implant-associated infections
Authors: Yang Chao , Ouyang Liping , Wang Wei , Chen Baohui , Liu Wei , Yuan Xiangwei , Luo Yao , Cheng Tao , Yeung Kelvin W. K. , Liu Xuanyong , Zhang Xianlong
Published: August 2019

Prevention of implant-associated infections and insufficient bone tissue integration is critical to exploit the immunomodulatory properties and antibacterial effects of implant materials, which have attracted considerable attention.
Tunable 3D light trapping architectures based on self-assembled SnSe2nanoplate arrays for ultrasensitive SERS detection
Authors: Li Weiwei , Xiong Lei , Li Nianci , Pang Shuo , Xu Guoliang , Yi Chenghan , Wang Zhixun , Gu Guoqiang , Li Kaiwei , Li Weimin , Wei Lei , Li Guangyuan , Yang Chunlei , Chen Ming
Published: August 2019

We demonstrate tunable 3D light trapping (up to ∼96%) architectures based on the SnSe2nanoplate arrays (NPAs)viaself-assembled growth and high performance (EF: 6.33 × 106, LOD: 1 × 10−12M) SERS substrates based on SnSe2NPAs.
Molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs in regulating cancer cell radiosensitivity
Authors: Zhu Jiamin , Chen Shusen , Yang Baixia , Mao Weidong , Yang Xi , Cai Jing
Published: August 2019

Radiotherapy is one of the main modalities of cancer treatment. However, tumor recurrence following radiotherapy occurs in many cancer patients. A key to solving this problem is the optimization of radiosensitivity. In recent years, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which affect the occurrence and development of tumors through a variety of mechanisms, have become a popular research topic. LncRNAs have been found to influence radiosensitivity by regulating various mechanisms, including DNA damage repair, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, cancer stem cells regulation, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and autophagy. LncRNAs are expected to become a potential therapeutic target for radiotherapy in the future. This article reviews recent advances in the role and mechanism of lncRNAs in tumor radiosensitivity.
Diagnosing Middle Ear Dysfunction in 10- to 16-Month-Old Infants Using Wideband Absorbance: An Ordinal Prediction Model
Authors: Myers Joshua , Kei Joseph , Aithal Sreedevi , Aithal Venkatesh , Driscoll Carlie , Khan Asaduzzaman , Manuel Alehandrea , Joseph Anjali , Malicka Alicja N.
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The aim of this study was to develop an ordinal prediction model for diagnosing middle ear dysfunction in 10- to 16-month-old infants using wideband absorbance.

Method

Wideband absorbance, tympanometry, and distortion product otoacoustic emissions were measured in 358 ears of 186 infants aged 10–16 months (
M
age
= 12 months). An ordinal reference standard (normal, mild, and severe middle ear dysfunction) was created from the tympanometry and distortion product otoacoustic emission results. Absorbance from 1000 to 5657 Hz was used to model the probability of middle ear dysfunction with ordinal logistic regression. Model performance was evaluated using measures of discrimination (
c
-index) and calibration (calibration curves). Performance measures were adjusted for overfitting (bias) using bootstrap resampling. Probabilistic and simplified methods for interpreting the model are presented. The probabilistic method displays the probability of ≥ mild and ≥ severe middle ear dysfunction, and the simplified method presents the condition with the highest probability as the most likely diagnosis (normal, mild, or severe middle ear dysfunction).

Results

The
c
-index of the fitted model was 0.919 (0.914 after correction for bias), and calibration was satisfactory for both the mild and severe middle ear conditions. The model performed well for the probabilistic method of interpretation, and the simplified (most likely diagnosis) method was accurate for normal and severe cases but diagnosed some cases with mild middle ear dysfunction as normal.

Conclusions

The model may be clinically useful, and either the probabilistic or simplified paradigm of interpretation could be applied, depending on the context. In situations where the main goal is to identify severe middle ear dysfunction and ease of interpretation is highly valued, the simplified interpretation may be preferable (e.g., in a screening clinic that may not be concerned about missing some mild cases). In a diagnostic clinical environment, however, it may be beneficial to use the probabilistic method of interpretation.
What Mothers Do After Infants Vocalize: Implications for Vocal Development or Word Learning?
Authors: Fagan Mary K. , Doveikis Kate N.
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The goal of this study was to analyze verbal and nonverbal maternal response types following infant vocalizations in younger (ages 4–8 months) versus older (ages 10–14 months) infant groups and their potential implications for infant vocal development or word learning.

Method

Maternal response types that occurred within 3 s of infant vocalizations were examined in this cross-sectional study of naturalistic interactions in 35 mother–infant dyads. Response types were defined as vocally responsive to infant vocalizations (i.e., responsive vocal behaviors), not responsive to infant vocalizations directly (nonresponsive vocal behaviors), and silences. Mothers' nonverbal actions associated with each response type were also examined. Subcategories of these verbal and nonverbal response types were examined in relation to infant age group.

Results

The occurrence of responsive and nonresponsive verbal subcategory types differed by infant age group. When verbally responsive to infant vocalizations, mothers commented on younger infants' vowel and consonant–vowel vocalizations, but with older infants, mothers identified or named the referents of their vocalizations. When nonresponsive to vocalizations directly, mothers commented on younger infants' activities but redirected older infants' behaviors or commented on their movements. Silence after infant vocalizations was infrequent. Mothers' nonverbal actions associated with each response type were primarily object related and did not differ by age group.

Conclusions

Evaluating response type subcategories by age group indicated mothers did not respond differentially (verbally or nonverbally) to vowel or consonant–vowel vocalizations. Overall, the results suggest mothers' verbal and nonverbal response types may be more likely to facilitate word learning than vocal development.
Lingual Pressure Dysfunction Contributes to Reduced Swallowing-Related Quality of Life in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Pitts Laura L. , Kanadet Rene M. , Hamilton Valerie K. , Crimmins Sarah K. , Cherney Leora R.
Published: August 2019

Purpose

Dysphagia in Parkinson's disease (PD) is a major cause of depression and reduced quality of life (QOL). PD-related dysphagia often involves lingual dysfunction and weak pressure generation. The relation of disordered lingual pressure generation to swallowing-related QOL in persons with PD remains unknown.

Method

Twenty-four persons with idiopathic PD completed the Swallowing Quality of Life (SWAL-QOL) questionnaire and an evaluation of anterior and posterior tongue strength. Peak pressures were compared to age- and sex-matched controls. The magnitude of and latency to peak pressure were explored in relation to SWAL-QOL scores.

Results

Persons with PD exhibited significant anterior (p= .019) but not posterior (p= .081) lingual weakness compared to controls. Persons with PD and reduced anterior tongue strength (< 42 kPa) reported lower SWAL-QOL total (p= .043), extended eating durations (p= .025), and a reduced desire to eat (p= .020). Prolonged latency to peak anterior pressure in PD inversely correlated with SWAL-QOL total (r= −.750,p< .001) and served as a significant, independent predictor of 67% of the variance in SWAL-QOL total when controlling for age, sex, and disease stage.

Conclusion

Overall, SWAL-QOL scores declined in the presence of lingual pressure dysfunction. Lingual weakness and prolonged pressure building patterns secondary to PD, especially of the anterior tongue, may represent clinically relevant disruptions to mealtime behaviors that undermine swallowing-related QOL. These preliminary findings support further investigation of lingual pressure patterns in PD to help identify debilitating dysphagia and develop treatment strategies.
Economic comparison between vehicle‐to‐vehicle (V2V) and vehicle‐to‐infrastructure (V2I) at freeway on‐ramps based on microscopic simulations
Authors: Dong Changyin , Wang Hao , Li Ye , Liu Yongfei , Chen Quan
Published: August 2019

The primary objective of this study is to evaluate how vehicle‐to‐vehicle (V2V) and vehicle‐to‐infrastructure (V2I) affect the traffic system economically, compared with manual vehicles (MVs). The total economic cost involves the value of time, gasoline consumption, road wear, and vehicular equipment. The microscopic testbed is established with an integrated simulator, which is based on microscopic traffic models for car‐following and lane‐changing. With the analysis of spatiotemporal dynamics of average speed and travel time, 14 countries are chosen to investigate in monomial cost under full MV, V2V and V2I situations, respectively. The simulation results show that the monomial and comprehensive cost of the developed countries differs from that of the developing countries due to the different income and price level. However, the V2V‐based scenario generally performs better than MV and V2I in traffic efficiency and the first three economic indexes. The MV‐based scenario only has a small advantage in the total cost at a low‐tech level, while the traffic with V2V and V2I communications is superior to the conventional traffic after a price drop on connected vehicle facilities. Findings of this study provide useful information for the economic evaluation of connected vehicles as well as the management of automated highway systems.
Practical implementation of the spectrogram‐inverse Radon transform based algorithm for resident space objects parameter estimation
Authors: Ghio Selenia , Martorella Marco , Staglianò Daniele , Petri Dario , Lischi Stefano , Massini Riccardo
Published: August 2019

The increasing number of space objects represents a serious hazard for orbital space‐based systems and human activities in space. Space object catalogues must be created and maintained in order to guarantee the safety of outer space activities. Space objects parameters must be estimated in order to characterise such objects. This study reports on the results achieved by running an experimental test conducted with a K‐band frequency‐modulated continuous‐wave radar. The objective of this test is to determine the capability of the radar of estimating size and spin rate of the observed object. The feature estimation is performed with the spectrogram – inverse Radon transform‐based algorithm. This test has been conducted using a programmable rotating platform on which the objects were placed. The experimental results have confirmed that this technique can be effectively used for spinning space debris characterisation.
The effects of extrinsic cues on online sales of fresh produce: a focus on geographical indications
Authors: Lee Dongmin , Moon Junghoon , Ryu Min Ho
Published: August 2019

Fresh produce has rich sensory attributes, and consumers generally prefer examining physically these sensory attributes prior to purchase. The nature of e-commerce, however, limits consumers’ ability to examine products’ sensory attributes while buying online. Customers receive very limited intrinsic cues of fresh produce (such as color) when buying online and thus use only extrinsic cues to assess the quality of fresh produce. This study investigates the effects of extrinsic cues on online shopping for fresh produce, with a particular focus on the effect of geographical indication (GI), which often assumes the role of brand names among producers of fresh groceries. We used data from an online South Korean marketplace for fresh produce to conduct a linear regression analysis. The results show that products linked to GIs sold more and were ordered more frequently; other control variables had somewhat significant effects. The volume of online product reviews was found to have a significant positive effect on the amount of orders and sales, but the product rating itself did not have an effect. The price had a negative effect on the amount of orders, while the number of certifications (e.g. “organic agriculture”) had a significant positive effect on the number of orders.
Die Phänomenologie des Vergiftungswahns bei Menschen mit paranoider Schizophrenie
Authors: Rössler Vera , Walter Maria Hildegard , Richter Rainer
Published: August 2019

Ziel: Ziel der Studie war es, den Vergiftungswahn bei Personen mit paranoider Schizophrenie zu untersuchen. Konkret wurde analysiert, wie häufig der Vergiftungswahn vorkommt, wie der Vergiftungswahn inhaltlich ausgestaltet ist und inwieweit sich Frauen und Männer hinsichtlich des Vergiftungswahns unterscheiden.

Methodik & Stichprobe: Die Daten wurden retrospektiv in zwei Einrichtungen der Psychiatrie in Deutschland erhoben. Ausgangsmaterial waren die Krankenakten aller Personen, die zwischen 2010 und 2014 aufgrund einer paranoiden Schizophrenie in einer der beiden Einrichtungen stationär behandelt wurden. Die Stichprobe umfasste 156 Personen (96 Frauen, 60 Männer) mit der Diagnose einer paranoiden Schizophrenie, bei denen eine Vergiftungswahnsymptomatik vorlag.

Ergebnisse: Beim Vergiftungswahn handelte es sich um ein häufig vorkommendes Wahnthema, von dem Frauen signifikant häufiger als Männer betroffen waren. Des Weiteren wiesen Frauen zusätzlich zum Vergiftungswahn signifikant häufiger einen Beeinträchtigungs- und Verfolgungswahn auf. Insgesamt berichteten Menschen mit Vergiftungswahn häufig eine Vergiftung durch nahestehende Angehörige oder durch das Gesundheitspersonal. Meist wähnten die Betroffenen, über die Medikation, die Nahrung oder Getränke vergiftet zu werden.
Evidenzbasierte Pflege der Säuglingshaut
Authors: Merk Hans F. , Dachs Claudia , Busmann Ulla
Published: August 2019

Die Hautpflege bei Neugeborenen und Säuglingen ist ein wichtiges Thema in der
Beratung junger Eltern. Angewandte Pflegeroutinen basieren oft auf Traditionen
und Erfahrungen. So hat sich eine Vielfalt an Empfehlungen herausgebildet, die
Eltern bisweilen überfordert. Unser Schwerpunktthema vermittelt Grundlagenwissen
über die Besonderheiten der Säuglingshaut und gibt konkrete Empfehlungen für
eine evidenzbasierte Pflege.
Dialyse für Kinder und Jugendliche
Authors: Kolzem Tanja , Kocks Andreas
Published: August 2019

Auch Kinder können von einer dialysepflichtigen Niereninsuffizienz betroffen sein
– eine besondere Herausforderung für diese Kinder und deren Familien, bei der es
auf eine besondere pflegerische Fachexpertise ankommt.
Closure of Lateral Duodenal Wall Perforation using Over-the-Scope Clip
Authors: Singla Vikas , Daswani Ravi , Anikhindi Shrihari Anil , Kumar Ashish , Sharma Praveen , Bansal Naresh , Arora Anil
Published: August 2019

Lateral duodenal wall perforation occurring during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) due to scope trauma is large and usually treated by surgery. With advances in endoscopic instrumentation, interest in treating these complications using endoscopic devices has increased. Over-the-scope clip (OTSC) which has higher compression force and can approximate large perforations is being increasingly used for the closure of gastrointestinal fistulae and perforations. We recently used OTSC for treating duodenal perforations which occurred during ERCP in two elderly patients. Both these patients had comorbid conditions and were high risk for surgery. Perforations were immediately identified during endoscopy and were closed with OTSC. Both patients had uneventful further course and were discharged successfully. These cases highlight the usefulness of OTSC for the management of endoscopic duodenal perforations.
Needle-Based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy: A New Promising Armamentarium for Diagnostic Endoscopic Ultrasound
Authors: Shah Jimil , Rana Surinder S
Published: August 2019

With increasing use of cross-sectional imaging in diagnosis of various diseases, incidence of asymptomatic pancreatic cyst has increased dramatically in last decade. In management of such asymptomatic pancreatic cyst differentiation of pre-malignant cyst and benign cyst remains an utmost important parameter. Though various endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) criteria have been developed, differentiation between these two entities still remains a challenge in many patients. Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) has shown promising results in diagnosis of various gastrointestinal cancers and colonic polyps. However, CLE criteria have not been prospectively validated in asymptomatic pancreatic cyst to differentiate premalignant vs benign cysts. Similarly, CLE criteria are also not defined for diagnosis of various gastric sub-epithelial lesions. In this news and views we have discussed two important articles regarding role of needle based CLE (nCLE) in these lesions. While one is a multicentric trial which prospectively validates previously defined nCLE criteria for characterizing pancreatic cystic lesion, second developed criteria for diagnosis of various gastric subepithelial lesions based on nCLE findings.
A Prospective Study Evaluating the Etiologic Spectrum in Patients with Dysphagia in Coastal Odisha Using Clinical Features and Endoscopy
Authors: Panigrahi Subhendu , Khatua Chitta Ranjan , Mishra Debakanta , Parida Prasanta Kumar , Singh Shivaram Prasad
Published: August 2019

Background: There is scarcity of data on the etiological spectrum of dysphagia from India. The study was conducted to determine the etiological spectrum of dysphagia in coastal Odisha.

Materials and Methods: Consecutive patients presenting with dysphagia to the gastroenterology outpatient department in 2017 were studied. Patients were evaluated with meticulous history, clinical examination, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and chest X-ray. Barium study and endoscopic biopsy were done when necessary.

Results: Of 216 consecutive patients, 122 (56.48%) were male and 94 (43.52%) were female with a mean age of 42.3 ± 17.4 years. The common etiologies were benign stricture in 68 (31.48%) and esophageal carcinoma in 51 (23.62%). Other etiologies included achalasia cardia in 11 (5.09%), esophageal candidiasis in 10 (4.63%), pharyngeal cancer in 4 (1.85%), and esophageal web in 3 (1.39%). In 63 (29.17%) cases, no etiology was detected. Most of the benign strictures were due to corrosive injury in 48 (70.59%); other causes included peptic stricture (8, 11.76%), postsurgery (4, 5.88%), sclerotherapy-induced stricture (2, 2.94%), and pill-induced stricture (2, 2.94%); in 4 (5.88%) cases, the cause of stricture was not known. The most common cause of corrosive injury was acid injury in 38 (79.17%), followed by alkali injury in 4 (8.34%). In 6 (12.5%) cases, the nature of corrosive was not known. Most of the corrosive injuries were due to suicidal intake.

Conclusion: In this study, the most common cause of dysphagia was benign corrosive stricture due to suicidal intake of corrosives. Esophageal carcinoma, achalasia cardia, and esophageal candidiasis were other significant etiologies. Uncommon causes of dysphagia included esophageal web, pharyngeal cancer, and reflux esophagitis.
Understanding the Implications of the Meniscal Ossicle: Patient Presentation, Treatment, and Outcomes
Authors: Bernard Christopher D. , McGauvran Adam M. , Desai Vishal S. , Frick Matthew A. , Tiegs-Heiden Christin , Camp Christopher L. A. , Krych Aaron J. , Collins Mark S.
Published: August 2019

The meniscal ossicle is observed in clinical practice, yet there currently is limited information on its potential clinical significance. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical presentation, imaging findings, and clinical treatment and outcomes of a series of patients identified as having a meniscal ossicle. An institutional database was reviewed to identify knees with a meniscal ossicle. Clinical presentation, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), treatment, and outcomes were analyzed. Radiographs were graded using Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) scores. MRIs were reviewed for the presence and location of meniscal ossicles and additional knee pathology. Knee arthroplasty rates were recorded with the remaining patients contacted to obtain final International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Tegner's scores. Failure was defined as conversion to arthroplasty or failing IKDC score (< 75.4). Forty-five meniscal ossicles in 45 patients (26 males and 19 females) with a mean age of 51 years (standard deviation [SD] = 19.0) were included. Pain was the most common presenting symptom (89%). Forty-two patients (93%) had an associated meniscus root tear on MRI. Eighteen percent of patients that did not have an ossicle on initial imaging subsequently developed an ossicle. Mean KL grades progressed significantly from baseline of 1.84 (SD = 1.0) to 2.55 (SD = 0.93 p < 0.01) on final follow-up. Thirty-nine percent of baseline radiographs showed KL grades of less than 2 compared with only 15% of follow-up radiographs (p = 0.04). Mean IKDC score obtained for patients ≤ 60 at an average follow-up of 3.1 years (SD = 3.2) was 65.2 (SD = 19.0). Eight out of 45 patients (18%) had progressed to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) by latest available follow-up. Sixty-two percent of patients met failure criteria at latest available follow-up. The meniscal ossicle is most commonly found in the posterior horn or root of the medial meniscus and is highly suggestive to be sequelae of a posterior root tear. Therefore, the presence of a meniscal ossicle should alert the orthopaedic surgeon to the high likelihood of the patient having a meniscus root tear. These patients have shown to have poor clinical outcomes and worsening arthritis.
Successful Treatment of Recurrent Thrombosis Associated with Malignancy with Apixaban and Follow-up for 1 Year
Authors: Boey Timothy , Sule Ashita Ashish , Sule Ashish Anil
Published: August 2019

This case report aims to highlight a successful example of using novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs), such as apixaban, to prevent recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with solid-organ malignancy, as an alternative to low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH). Discussed is the case of a 67-year-old woman diagnosed with recurrent thrombosis in the upper-right limb and malignancy of right breast with metastasis to the axillary lymph nodes. Over a follow-up period of more than 1 year, there was no recurrence of VTE and D-dimer decreased, illuminating the possibility of apixaban as an alternative form of treatment for recurrent VTE in patients with malignancy. This appears to be one of the first case reports in Singapore.
Laser pulse dispersion in underdense plasma and associated ion acceleration by relativistic self-induced transparency
Authors: Choudhary Shivani , Holkundkar Amol R.
Published: August 2019

The propagation of laser pulses in the underdense plasma is a very crucial aspect of the laser-plasma interaction process. In this work, we explored the two regimes of laser propagation in the plasma, one with a0 < 1 and the other with a0≳10. For the a0 < 1 case, we used a cold relativistic fluid model, wherein apart from immobile ions no further approximations are made. The effects of laser pulse amplitude, pulse duration, and plasma density are studied using the fluid model and compared with the expected scaling laws and also with the particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. The agreement between the fluid model and the PIC simulations are found to be excellent. Furthermore, for the a0≳10 case, we used the PIC simulations alone. The delicate interplay between the conversion from the electromagnetic field energy to the longitudinal electrostatic fields results in dispersion, and so the redshift of the pump laser pulse. The dispersed pulse is then allowed to be incident on the subwavelength two-layer composite target. The underdense plasma before the target regulates the dispersion of the pulse. We observed an optimum pretarget plasma density which results in the acceleration of the ions from the secondary layer to ∼170 MeV by a ∼8 fs linearly polarized Gaussian laser pulse with ∼8.5 × 1020 W/cm2.
Stable flat-top solitons and peakons in the PT-symmetric
δ
-signum potentials and nonlinear media
Authors: Chen Yong , Yan Zhenya , Mihalache Dumitru
Published: August 2019

We discover that the physically interesting PT-symmetric Dirac delta-function potentials can not only make sure that the non-Hermitian Hamiltonians admit fully-real linear spectra but also support stable peakons (nonlinear modes) in the Kerr nonlinear Schrödinger equation. For a specific form of the delta-function PT-symmetric potentials, the nonlinear model investigated in this paper is exactly solvable. However, for a class of PT-symmetric signum-function double-well potentials, a novel type of exact flat-top bright solitons can exist stably within a broad range of potential parameters. Intriguingly, the flat-top solitons can be characterized by the finite-order differentiable waveforms and admit the novel features differing from the usual solitons. The excitation features and the direction of transverse power flow of flat-top bright solitons are also explored in detail. These results are useful for the related experimental designs and applications in nonlinear optics and other related fields.
Large-area synthesis of monolayer MoTexSe2-x alloys by chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Zhao Shudong , Lu Meilin , Xue Shasha , Tao Lei , Sui Yu , Wang Yang
Published: August 2019

Great achievements have been made in the alloying of two-dimensional (2D) semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), which can allow tunable bandgaps for practical applications in optoelectronic devices. However, telluride-based TMDs alloys were less studied due to the difficulties of sample synthesis. Here, in this work, we report the large-area synthesis of monolayer MoTexSe2-x alloys with a controllable Te composition by a modified alkali metal halide assisted chemical vapor deposition method. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra demonstrate that the bandgap changes from 1.55 to 1.38 eV with increasing Te concentrations. The behaviors of Raman modes of MoSe2 are well explained by a phonon confinement model. The density functional theory calculation provides insights into the atomic vibration images and better understanding of the Raman properties of MoTexSe2-x alloys. Our work provides a simple method to synthesize large-scale 2H phase Te-based 2D TMDs alloys for their further applications in near-infrared devices.
Stability of downslope flows to two-dimensional perturbations
Authors: Zayko Julia , Eglit Margarita
Published: August 2019

We consider the stability problem for wide, uniform stationary open flows down a slope with constant inclination under gravity. Depth-averaged equations are used with arbitrary bottom friction as a function of the flow depth and depth-averaged velocity. The stability conditions for perturbations propagating along the flow are widely known. In this paper, we focus on the effect of oblique perturbations that propagate at an arbitrary angle to the velocity of the undisturbed flow. We show that under certain conditions, oblique perturbations can grow even when the perturbations propagating along the flow are damped. This means that if oblique perturbations exist, the stability conditions found in the investigation of the one-dimensional problem are insufficient for the stability of the flow. New stability criteria are formulated as explicit relations between the slope and the flow parameters. The ranges of the growing disturbances propagation angles are indicated for unstable flows.
Alkaline and alkaline-earth cyanoacetylides: A combined theoretical and rotational spectroscopic investigation
Authors: Cabezas Carlos , Barrientos Carmen , Largo Antonio , Guillemin Jean-Claude , Cernicharo José , Alonso José L.
Published: August 2019

The metallic cyanoacetylides LiC3N, NaC3N, MgC3N, and CaC3N have been investigated by combined spectroscopy measurements and theoretical calculations. The theoretical calculations predict for the four species that the linear isomer with the formula MCCCN (M = Li, Na, Mg, and Ca) is the most stable one. We used laser ablation molecular beam Fourier transform microwave (FTMW) spectroscopy to synthesize these species by the reaction of metal vapors, produced by laser ablation, and 3-bromo-2-propynenitrile (BrCCCN). Pure rotational spectra were observed by FTMW spectroscopy in the 2–18 GHz frequency region only for LiCCCN and NaCCCN, while no spectral signatures for MgCCCN and CaCCCN could be detected. Finally, we have searched for LiCCCN and NaCCCN species toward the carbon-rich evolved star IRC +10 216, but only upper limits to their abundances have been obtained.
Viscous dissipation in two-dimensional compression of turbulence
Authors: Davidovits Seth , Fisch Nathaniel J.
Published: August 2019

Nonradial hydrodynamic flow can be generated or amplified during plasma compression by various mechanisms, including the compression itself. In certain circumstances, the plasma may reach a viscous state; for example, in compression experiments seeking fusion, the fuel plasma may reach a viscous state late in the compression due in part to the rising fuel temperature. Here, we consider viscous dissipation of nonradial flow in the case of initially isotropic, three-dimensional (3D), turbulent flow fields compressed at constant velocity in two dimensions. Prior work in the case of 3D compressions has shown the possibility of effective viscous dissipation of nonradial flow under compression. We show that, theoretically, complete viscous dissipation of the nonradial flow should still occur in the 2D case when the plasma heating is adiabatic and the viscosity has the (strong) Braginskii temperature dependence (μ∼T5/2). However, in the general case, the amount of compression required is very large even for modest initial Reynolds numbers, with the compression reaching an intermediate state dominated by variations only in the noncompressed direction. We show that both the nonlinearity and boundary conditions can play important roles in setting the characteristics and ease of the viscous dissipation.
Gate-tunable anomalous transverse voltage at the superconducting LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface
Authors: Yan Yuedong , Wei Laiming , Guo Linhai , Zhang Fan , Dai Jiyan , Zeng Changgan
Published: August 2019

An anomalous transverse voltage near the superconducting transition is observed at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterointerface. In contrast to the normal Hall effects, the observed anomalous transverse voltage persists even at zero magnetic field and is an even function of the magnetic field. It also responds anisotropically to out-of-plane and in-plane magnetic fields. Due to the two-dimensional nature of this superconducting electron system, this anomalous transverse signal is highly tunable via electrostatic gating. Strikingly, the temperature dependence of this transverse voltage exhibits a gate-tunable sign reversal behavior and can even undergo multiple sign reversals. Thorough analyses indicate that the anomalous transverse signal can be largely attributed to the guided vortex motion in the two-dimensional superconducting system. Our findings not only reveal important aspects of vortex dynamics at the strongly correlated oxide interface but also may promote the development of electrically tunable vortex dynamics.
Aerosol delivery into small anatomical airway model through spontaneous engineered breathing
Authors: Lin Chun-Kai , Hsiao Yuan-Yuan , Nath Pulak , Huang Jen-Huang
Published: August 2019

Pulmonary administration is a noninvasive drug delivery method that, in contrast to systemic administration, reduces drug dosage and possible side effects. Numerous testing models, such as impingers and impactors, have previously been developed to evaluate the fate of inhaled drugs. However, such models are limited by the lack of information regarding several factors, such as pulmonary morphology and breathing motion, which are required to fully interpret actual inhaled-drug deposition profiles within the human respiratory tract. In this study, a spontaneous breathing-lung model that integrates branched morphology and deformable alveolar features was constructed using a multilayered fabrication technology to mimic the complex environment of the human lower respiratory tract. The developed model could emulate cyclic and spontaneous breathing motions to inhale and exhale aerosols generated by a nebulizer under diseaselike conditions. Results of this research demonstrate that aerosols (4.2 μm) could reach up to the deeper lung regions (generation 19 of the branched lung structure) within the obstructivelike model, whereas lesser penetration (generation 17) was observed when using the restrictivelike model. The proposed breathing-lung model can serve as a testing platform to provide a comprehensive understanding of the pharmacokinetics of pulmonary drugs within the lower lungs.
A general framework for quantitatively assessing ecological stochasticity
Authors: Ning Daliang , Deng Ye , Tiedje James M. , Zhou Jizhong
Published: August 2019

Significance

An ecological community is a dynamic complex system with a myriad of interacting species, which are controlled by various scale-dependent deterministic and stochastic forces. With rapid advances in genomics technologies, categorizing biological diversity, particularly microbial diversity, becomes relatively easy, but the great challenge is to disentangle the mechanisms controlling biological diversity. The general null model-based framework developed in this study provides an effective and robust tool to ecologists for quantitatively assessing ecological stochasticity. By highlighting the caveats such as model selection, similarity metrics, and spatial scales, this study provides guidance for appropriate use of null model-based approaches for examining community assembly processes. Although this framework was tested with microbial data, it should also be applicable to plant and animal ecology.
An influenza virus-triggered SUMO switch orchestrates co-opted endogenous retroviruses to stimulate host antiviral immunity
Authors: Schmidt Nora , Domingues Patricia , Golebiowski Filip , Patzina Corinna , Tatham Michael H. , Hay Ronald T. , Hale Benjamin G.
Published: August 2019

Dynamic small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) linkages to diverse cellular protein groups are critical to orchestrate resolution of stresses such as genome damage, hypoxia, or proteotoxicity. Defense against pathogen insult (often reliant upon host recognition of “non-self” nucleic acids) is also modulated by SUMO, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here, we used quantitative SILAC-based proteomics to survey pan-viral host SUMOylation responses, creating a resource of almost 600 common and unique SUMO remodeling events that are mounted during influenza A and B virus infections, as well as during viral innate immune stimulation. Subsequent mechanistic profiling focused on a common infection-induced loss of the SUMO-modified form of TRIM28/KAP1, a host transcriptional repressor. By integrating knockout and reconstitution models with system-wide transcriptomics, we provide evidence that influenza virus-triggered loss of SUMO-modified TRIM28 leads to derepression of endogenous retroviral (ERV) elements, unmasking this cellular source of “self” double-stranded (ds)RNA. Consequently, loss of SUMO-modified TRIM28 potentiates canonical cytosolic dsRNA-activated IFN-mediated defenses that rely on RIG-I, MAVS, TBK1, and JAK1. Intriguingly, although wild-type influenza A virus robustly triggers this SUMO switch in TRIM28, the induction of IFN-stimulated genes is limited unless expression of the viral dsRNA-binding protein NS1 is abrogated. This may imply a viral strategy to antagonize such a host response by sequestration of induced immunostimulatory ERV dsRNAs. Overall, our data reveal that a key nuclear mechanism that normally prevents aberrant expression of ERV elements (ERVs) has been functionally co-opted via a stress-induced SUMO switch to augment antiviral immunity.
CsBRC1 inhibits axillary bud outgrowth by directly repressing the auxin efflux carrier
CsPIN3
in cucumber
Authors: Shen Junjun , Zhang Yaqi , Ge Danfeng , Wang Zhongyi , Song Weiyuan , Gu Ran , Che Gen , Cheng Zhihua , Liu Renyi , Zhang Xiaolan
Published: August 2019

Shoot branching is an important agronomic trait that directly determines plant architecture and affects crop productivity. To promote crop yield and quality, axillary branches need to be manually removed during cucumber production for fresh market and thus are undesirable. Auxin is well known as the primary signal imposing for apical dominance and acts as a repressor for lateral bud outgrowth indirectly. The
TEOSINTE BRANCHED1
/
CYCLOIDEA/PCF
(
TCP
) family gene
BRANCHED1
(
BRC1
) has been shown to be the central integrator for multiple environmental and developmental factors that functions locally to inhibit shoot branching. However, the direct molecular link between auxin and BRC1 remains elusive. Here we find that cucumber
BRANCHED1
(
CsBRC1
) is expressed in axillary buds and displays a higher expression level in cultivated cucumber than in its wild ancestor. Knockdown of
CsBRC1
by RNAi leads to increased bud outgrowth and reduced auxin accumulation in buds. We further show that CsBRC1 directly binds to the auxin efflux carrier
PIN-FORMED
(
CsPIN3
) and negatively regulates its expression in vitro and in vivo. Elevated expression of
CsPIN3
driven by the
CsBRC1
promoter results in highly branched cucumber with decreased auxin levels in lateral buds. Therefore, our data suggest that CsBRC1 inhibits lateral bud outgrowth by direct suppression of
CsPIN3
functioning and thus auxin accumulation in axillary buds in cucumber, providing a strategy to breed for cultivars with varying degrees of shoot branching grown in different cucumber production systems.
Thylakoid localized bestrophin-like proteins are essential for the CO
2
concentrating mechanism of
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Mukherjee Ananya , Lau Chun Sing , Walker Charlotte E. , Rai Ashwani K. , Prejean Camille I. , Yates Gary , Emrich-Mills Thomas , Lemoine Spencer G. , Vinyard David J. , Mackinder Luke C. M. , Moroney James V.
Published: August 2019

Significance

Models of the CO
2
concentrating mechanism (CCM) of green algae and diatoms postulate that chloroplast CO
2
is generated from HCO
3
−
brought into the acidic thylakoid lumen and converted to CO
2
by specific thylakoid carbonic anhydrases. However, the identity of the transporter required for thylakoid HCO
3
−
uptake has remained elusive. In this work, 3 bestrophin-like proteins, BST1–3, located on the thylakoid membrane have been found to be essential to the CCM of
Chlamydomonas
. Reduction in expression of BST1–3 markedly reduced the inorganic carbon affinity of the alga. These proteins are prime candidates to be thylakoid HCO
3
−
transporters, a critical currently missing step of the CCM required for future engineering efforts of the
Chlamydomonas
CCM into plants to improve photosynthesis.
Traduire le Voyage comme acte politique
Authors: Haugen Marius Warholm
Published: August 2019

This article studies the discourse in the late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century French periodical press on the topic of translations of travel writing. It reveals that travel reviews were arenas for discussing the political and ideological value of translating travelogues into French, notably from English. In the context of the Franco-British conflicts at the turn of the century, the French press perceived translations of British travel writing as potential patriotic tools that allowed different ways of countering or subverting British global influence. Paratextual elements of translations, the translator’s prefaces and notes, appeared to be particularly important in this respect. By analysing the periodical discourse on travel book translations, the article shows how travel writing was constructed as a politically invested genre.
Measurement of the tilt angle of turbulent structures in magnetically confined plasmas using Doppler reflectometry
Authors: Pinzón J R , Estrada T , Happel T , Hennequin P , Blanco E , Stroth U
Published: August 2019

The mean tilt angle of turbulent structures is a key element for describing the turbulence and its interplay with plasma flows in magnetically confined plasmas. It is a quantity predicted by theories and gyrokinetic simulations, which can provide information on the type of the dominant micro-instability, and also on the turbulence anisotropy induced by sheared flows. A new method for measuring the tilt angle of turbulent structures using Doppler reflectometry has been recently introduced (Pinzón et al 2019 Nucl. Fusion
59 074002). It is based on the time delay of the cross-correlation between microwaves backscattered at radially displaced positions. In this paper, the method is presented in detail and is successfully applied on the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak and the TJ-II stellarator. Measurements of the tilt angle in the core of both machines are reported, in the TJ-II case, for the first time.
Quantum state smoothing: why the types of observed and unobserved measurements matter
Authors: Chantasri Areeya , Guevara Ivonne , Wiseman Howard M
Published: August 2019

We investigate the estimation technique called quantum state smoothing introduced in (Guevara and Wiseman 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett.
115 180407), which offers a valid quantum state estimate for a partially monitored system, conditioned on the observed record both prior and posterior to an estimation time. The technique was shown to give a better estimate of the underlying true quantum states than the usual quantum filtering approach. However, the improvement in estimation fidelity, originally examined for a resonantly driven qubit coupled to two vacuum baths, was also shown to vary depending on the types of detection used for the qubit’s fluorescence. In this work, we analyse this variation in a systematic way for the first time. We first define smoothing power using an average purity recovery and a relative average purity recovery, of smoothing over filtering. Then, we explore the power for various combinations of fluorescence detection for both observed and unobserved channels. We next propose a method to explain the variation of the smoothing power, based on multi-time correlation strength between fluorescence detection records. The method gives a prediction of smoothing power for different combinations, which is remarkably successful in comparison with numerically simulated qubit trajectories.