bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Video Art in the Southern Cone. Festivals, archives, and remediation of the analogue past
Authors: Crescentino María Alejandra
Published: February 2023

This article examines the challenges faced by physical and digital archives dedicated to video art in the Southern Cone, focusing on accessibility, preservation, and dissemination. To map such a complex situation, firstly, it identifies four influential Latin American video art festivals, including the Festival Franco-Chileno de Video Arte, the Festival Franco-Latinoamericano de Video Arte, Videobrasil and Buenos Aires Video, which promoted the production, circulation, and dissemination of audiovisual arts in the last two decades of the 20th century. Secondly, the article explores three regional initiatives – UMATIC, Açervo online Associação Cultural Videobrasil, and ARCA – that, since the mid-2000s, have carried out tasks of valuation and making accessible video art collections related to the aforementioned festivals. Drawing on Bolter and Grusin’s concept of remediation, it is proposed that these three initiatives be interpreted as remediation projects, as they are concerned with reshaping old media formats and multiplying media through hypermediation. The understanding of these projects also relies on the concept of “anomic archive”, which refers to the idea of a documentary archive constructed through an intentional process of collecting and sharing knowledge beyond traditional institutions. Finally, the article approaches digital archives as a means of accessing primary sources, proposing a reflection on the opportunities and risks posed by these remediation projects.
No queremos comer insectos (pero nos lo tragamos todo)
Authors: Lalueza Ferran
Published: February 2023

Una nueva ley de la Unión Europea (UE) obligará a la ciudadanía a comer insectos. Es un bulo, obviamente. O tal vez no tan obviamente, dado que son muchos los que le han dado crédito. Se ha difundido tan amplia y velozmente que diversas entidades de fact-checking (verificación de hechos) se han visto obligadas a desmentirlo explícitamente. La idea de degustar las larvas del escarabajo del estiércol puede asquearnos, pero –en nuestra dieta informativa– nos tragamos cosas mucho más repugnantes y en verdad dañinas.
BDNF/TrkB signaling endosomes in axons coordinate CREB/mTOR activation and protein synthesis in the cell body to induce dendritic growth in cortical neurons
Authors: Moya-Alvarado Guillermo , Tiburcio-Felix Reynaldo , Ibáñez María Raquel , Aguirre-Soto Alejandro A , Guerra Miguel V , Wu Chengbiao , Mobley William C , Perlson Eran , Bronfman Francisca C
Published: February 2023

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptors tropomyosin kinase receptor B (TrkB) and the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75) are the primary regulators of dendritic growth in the CNS. After being bound by BDNF, TrkB and p75 are endocytosed into endosomes and continue signaling within the cell soma, dendrites, and axons. We studied the functional role of BDNF axonal signaling in cortical neurons derived from different transgenic mice using compartmentalized cultures in microfluidic devices. We found that axonal BDNF increased dendritic growth from the neuronal cell body in a cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)-dependent manner. These effects were dependent on axonal TrkB but not p75 activity. Dynein-dependent BDNF-TrkB-containing endosome transport was required for long-distance induction of dendritic growth. Axonal signaling endosomes increased CREB and mTOR kinase activity in the cell body, and this increase in the activity of both proteins was required for general protein translation and the expression of Arc, a plasticity-associated gene, indicating a role for BDNF-TrkB axonal signaling endosomes in coordinating the transcription and translation of genes whose products contribute to learning and memory regulation.
Myosin II regulatory light chain phosphorylation and formin availability modulate cytokinesis upon changes in carbohydrate metabolism
Authors: Prieto-Ruiz Francisco , Gómez-Gil Elisa , Martín-García Rebeca , Pérez-Díaz Armando Jesús , Vicente-Soler Jero , Franco Alejandro , Soto Teresa , Pérez Pilar , Madrid Marisa , Cansado José
Published: February 2023

Cytokinesis, the separation of daughter cells at the end of mitosis, relies in animal cells on a contractile actomyosin ring (CAR) composed of actin and class II myosins, whose activity is strongly influenced by regulatory light chain (RLC) phosphorylation. However, in simple eukaryotes such as the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, RLC phosphorylation appears dispensable for regulating CAR dynamics. We found that redundant phosphorylation at Ser35 of the S. pombe RLC homolog Rlc1 by the p21-activated kinases Pak1 and Pak2, modulates myosin II Myo2 activity and becomes essential for cytokinesis and cell growth during respiration. Previously, we showed that the stress-activated protein kinase pathway (SAPK) MAPK Sty1 controls fission yeast CAR integrity by downregulating formin For3 levels (Gómez-Gil et al., 2020). Here, we report that the reduced availability of formin For3-nucleated actin filaments for the CAR is the main reason for the required control of myosin II contractile activity by RLC phosphorylation during respiration-induced oxidative stress. Thus, the restoration of For3 levels by antioxidants overrides the control of myosin II function regulated by RLC phosphorylation, allowing cytokinesis and cell proliferation during respiration. Therefore, fine-tuned interplay between myosin II function through Rlc1 phosphorylation and environmentally controlled actin filament availability is critical for a successful cytokinesis in response to a switch to a respiratory carbohydrate metabolism.
Species richness and the dynamics of coral cover in Bangka Belitung Islands, Indonesia
Authors: Hadi Tri Aryono , Utama Rizkie Satriya , Arfianti Tri
Published: February 2023

Pressures on the world’s tropical coral reefs that threaten their existence have been reported worldwide due to many stressors. Loss of coral cover and declines in coral richness are two of the most common changes often reported in coral reefs. However, a precise estimate of species richness and the coral cover dynamics for most Indonesian regions, particularly in the Bangka Belitung Islands, have been poorly documented. Annual monitoring data from 2015 to 2018 at 11 fixed sites in the Bangka Belitung Islands using the photo quadrat transect method identified 342 coral species from 63 genera. Of these, 231 species (>65%) were rare or uncommon, occurring in <40% of all sites. The species richness of hard corals was categorized as moderate compared to other studies in Indonesia, averaging 53 species across sites and years, and there was an increasing number of sites with high species richness. The percent cover of live and dead hard corals was greater than other benthic and substrate categories in all sites; revealing a live-dead hard corals pattern with dead coral cover averaged 12% higher than live hard coral across the years, but they did not show a significant difference (P > 0.05). There was a slightly increasing trend in hard coral cover in ten out of 11 sites in 2018, indicating the reefs are in a recovery process. The results support the need to identify recovering or stable areas despite apparent anthropogenic and natural variations recently. This vital information is essential for early detection and preparation for management strategies in the current context of climate change and for ensuring future coral reef survival.
Quantitative evaluations of variations using the population mean as a baseline for bioinformatics interpretation
Authors: Hui Liu
Published: February 2023

Objective

The purpose of this study were to establish a model of quantitative evaluation that uses the population mean as a baseline of variations and describe variations derived from different types and systems using new concepts.

Methods

The observed datasets, including measurement data and relative data, were transformed to 0–1.0 using the population mean. Datasets derived from different types (same category of dataset, different categories of datasets, and datasets with the same baseline) were transformed using different methods. The ‘middle compared index’ (MCI) was used to describe the change in magnitude as follows: [a/(a+b)+(1−b)/(2−a−b)−1]1.7, where ‘a’ represents the number after the magnitude change and ‘b’ represents the number before the magnitude change. Actual data were used to observe the MCI’s ability to evaluate variations quantitatively.

Results

When the value before the magnitude change was equal to that after the magnitude change, the MCI was equal to 0; when the value before the magnitude change was equal to 0 and that after the magnitude change was equal to 1, the MCI was equal to 1. This implies the MCI is valid. When the value before the magnitude change was 0 and that after the magnitude change was 0.5, or when the value before the magnitude change was 0.5 and that after the magnitude change was 1.0, each MCI was approximately equal to 0.5. The values derived from the absolute, ratio, and MCI methods were different, indicating that the MCI is an independent index.

Conclusion

The MCI perfectly performs as an evaluation model using the population mean as the baseline, and it may be more a reasonable index than the ratio or absolute methods. The MCI increases our understanding of quantitative variations in evaluation measures of association using new concepts.
Research on the Innovative Development of College Students' Ideological and Political Education from the Perspective of Cultural Self-Confidence
Authors: He Chen
Published: February 2023

Contemporary college students are not only the barometer of the times, but also the backbone of the country and national talents, and the fresh force to realize the two century-old dreams. To enhance their cultural self-confidence is to endow them with wisdom, morality, spirit, and ideas, so that they have strong determination and high self-confidence. Improving college students' cultural self-confidence is the theme of ideological and political education in colleges and universities, as well as the act of strengthening the foundation of colleges and universities; We should explore and develop in ideological and political education, and use ideological and political education to promote the better implementation of the cultivation of cultural self-confidence, which in turn can promote the presentation of the educational effect of ideological and political education through the cultivation of cultural self-confidence.
Relação entre a evidenciação ambiental e o desempenho ambiental
Authors: Pereira Rúbia Maria , Kroenke Adriana , Loch Gustavo Valentim , Hein Nelson
Published: February 2023

A sociedade vem cobrando das empresas um desempenho mais sustentável devido ao fato de que boa parte dos problemas ambientais são ocasionados por elas. Nesse sentido, espera-se que as empresas melhorem seu desempenho, evidenciando-o. Este estudo tem como objetivo, analisar a relação entre a evidenciação ambiental e o desempenho ambiental. A amostra da pesquisa conta com 16 empresas dos setores altamente poluentes. Para medir o desempenho ambiental, foram utilizados 3 indicadores da base de dados Refinitiv Eikon®, já para medir a evidenciação ambiental, foram analisados 10 critérios, sendo atribuído um ponto para cada item destacado no relatório anual ou de sustentabilidade, resultando em uma nota por empresa, que deverá ser de, no máximo, 10 pontos. Para unificar os 3 indicadores do desempenho ambiental, foi utilizado o método ADRIANA e para analisar a relação entre a evidenciação ambiental e o desempenho ambiental, foi utilizado regressão linear. Os resultados indicam que as empresas tendem a evidenciar mais informações sobre o uso de energia e/ou eficiência de energia, o uso de água e/ou eficiência de água e a geração e/ou gestão do lixo, porém, evidenciam menos sobre os impactos ambientais dos produtos e serviços e a liberação de produtos tóxicos (terra, água e ar) e outras descargas. Conclui-se que há uma relação positiva e significativa entre a evidenciação e o desempenho ambiental. Esses resultados buscam contribuir com a gestão empresarial indicando a relevância das ações sustentáveis bem como de sua evidenciação, ações estas que podem fortalecer as organizações e seus posicionamentos frente a concorrência.
Study the Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization Rates on Grain Yield and Some Physiological Characteristics of Wheat Varieties
Authors: El-Absy Karima Mohamed
Published: February 2023

One of the most important strategies for enhancing wheat grain productivity and physiological processes is the application of appropriate nitrogen (N) and the choice of a suitable variety in an adequate environment. The study goals were to assess the impact of various N application rates on the grain yield and some physiological traits of four wheat cultivars under two growing years as well as determine the relationship between these traits across the experimental factors. Four Egyptian bread wheat varieties (Sakha 93, Gemmiza 12, Sids 12, and Sakha 94) and four nitrogen rates including control (N0), 75 kg N fad-1 (N1), 100 kg N fad-1 (N2), and 125 kg N fad-1 (N3) were evaluated in two experimental fields during the 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 growing years at Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt. Grain yield (kg ha-1), relative water content (RWC) proline content, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities were the traits under study. The grain yield and the majority of the physiological parameters assessed were significantly influenced by the years, nitrogen treatments, and varieties as well as their first and second-order interactions (p ≤0.05 or 0.01), according to Three-way ANOVA. Grain yield increased with N treatments increased, and N3 treatment was higher than N0, N1 and N3 treatments with values of 31.1%, 22.9%, and 10.6%, respectively. With increased N application there is a tendency for MDA content and SOD activity to decrease and then increase, while RWC, proline content, CAT, and ABX activities to increase and then decrease. The highest values were recorded for grain yield, proline content and CAT activity by Sakha 94 variety and for MDA content, SOD, CAT and ABX activities by Sids 12 variety. According to the interactions among experimental factors, the highest wheat yield and the majority of physiological measures were observed by Sakha 94 variety with N3 rate under the second growing year. The Sakha 94 variety shows a positive correlation with grain production and the majority of physiological parameters under applying N3 treatment during the second growing year based on all variables examined by principal component analysis. Finally, our results recommended using the Sakha 94 variety with 125 kg N fad-1 to increase and improve wheat productivity.
Analytical Study on the Rational Challenges Project Engineering Managers Encounter Prior to Achieving Sustainability in the UK Construction Industries
Authors: Uzoigwe Stella Awele Asoya , Atoofi Maryam , Lewis Hollie , Onyedikachukwu Ndekwu, Benneth
Published: February 2023

Aim: The essential purpose of the current research was to identify the challenges faced by project engineering managers in the UK construction industry while seeking to achieve sustainability.

Study Design: The current study was built upon six important subjects in order to accomplish this goal. In the current study, the researcher opted to do both qualitative and quantitative analysis. The quantitative analysis comprised frequency analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis and was based on data collected through questionnaires.

Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in Bristol United Kingdom for an investigative period of six (6) Months including the research question distribution and collection time as well as the interview and interaction sections with the Construction Project Engineering Managers. 

Methodology: In light of the nature of the current research, the researcher selected the mixed research design. Mixed research design is the method used in collecting and analyzing data by using both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies.

Results: The results of the present study showed that effective health and safety management systems are necessary for sustainable construction. However, the UK construction industry lacks these systems. The study also identified lack of education and training as a hindrance. The proper understanding of the project and its processes can only be attained through training and education, and managers have to deal with the problem of being unable to successfully complete sustainable building owing to lack of such resources. However, with the right on-the-job training and efficient monthly meetings that include training and education sessions, this can be improved.

Conclusion: The study resolved that policies should be put in place to guarantee that advancement in the building sector follows economic integration. It has been revealed from the findings that construction is heavily dependent on conventional methods in most rising economies, including the UK, which makes the adoption of novel techniques more challenging and stressful. An important barrier to attaining sustainable construction is clients' and other stakeholders' lack of support for innovative construction techniques. The findings further revealed that the implementation of eco-friendly building practices by the construction sector has the tendency to reduce an asset's overall environmental impact and promote sustainable economic growth.
Challenges Faced by Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Prayagraj District of Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Shauq Hani , Gupta Neena , Singh Akanksha
Published: February 2023

Healthcare workers are more susceptible to contracting the coronavirus since they are the first to be exposed to the illness, even if they have the necessary training and experience to minimize the impact of disease spread among themselves and in the community. In this study, we have explored the preparedness of healthcare workers during threats of infectious disease outbreak in Prayagraj district.

The study aims to outline the challenges faced by healthcare workers in India during COVID-19 pandemic.

A survey-based quantitative study among healthcare professionals of a secondary and a tertiary care hospital for a duration of 4 months was conducted. The census sampling method was used for completing this research in this all the healthcare workers of both the hospitals considered. The data was carefully examined and was exported to IBM SPSS version 28.

The study revealed that the healthcare workers indicated that they had to cope with mental health issues and a widespread PPE shortage. Furthermore, it was also found that the HCW suggested that the government should allow more entities to conduct and produce tests and should provide centralized communication and public information to help them prepare for future infectious disease outbreaks.

The findings reflect on the difficulties faced by healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. This implies that there is a need to support the healthcare workers with adequate PPEs and supplies. Furthermore, it is necessary to provide a supportive environment to the healthcare workers to help them cope with the mental pressure that arises during outbreaks like COVID-19.
Research on Integral Traffic-sharing Platforms Based on Block Chain
Authors: Zechun Zhang , Xuwei Zheng , Xuyun Yang , Jingyi Li , Jinkai Yang , Shengyu Gu , Fengnian Wang , Zhijian Li
Published: February 2023

Starting from the catering industry, using the decentralized characteristics of block chain technology, to research the integrated traffic sharing platform, to provide a guarantee for the actions of improving customer loyalty, preserving and obtaining customer traffic. Build a self-driving shared traffic distribution system with the help of block chain technology, reduce the risk of credit over-issuance, and establish an efficient and safe benefit protection mechanism through smart contracts. Research results: The application of block chain technology to the catering industry can promote decentralization, build a trust mechanism, realize the value of data, and strengthen property rights protection, but it is difficult to implement the project, requiring a large amount of financial and technical support. The introduction of block chain technology into the construction of the integrated traffic-sharing platform can provide merchants with traffic opportunities and satisfy consumers' personalized consumption motivation. The complete system, science and technology integrated travel chain has become a brand barrier and has been the escort for the catering consumption industry.
The Value of Funding a Primary Care Extension Program in the United States
Authors: Cohen Deborah J. , Grumbach Kevin , Phillips Robert L.
Published: February 2023

This Viewpoint discusses the potential of the Primary Care Extension Program to ensure access to high-quality primary care in the US.
Effect of Epirubicin Plus Paclitaxel vs Epirubicin and Cyclophosphamide Followed by Paclitaxel on Disease-Free Survival Among Patients With Operable ERBB2-Negative and Lymph Node–Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Yuan Peng , Kang Yikun , Ma Fei , Fan Ying , Wang Jiayu , Wang Xue , Yue Jian , Luo Yang , Zhang Pin , Li Qing , Xu Binghe
Published: February 2023

Importance

Adjuvant therapy is an important and effective treatment for breast cancer. However, there is a lack of head-to-head clinical trials comparing the regimens epirubicin plus paclitaxel (EP) vs epirubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by paclitaxel (EC-P) in breast cancer.

Objective

To evaluate the noninferiority of a cyclophosphamide-free (EP) regimen compared with the standard EC-P regimen for patients with operable hormone receptor–positive, ERBB2 (formerly HER2)-negative, lymph node–positive breast cancer.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This prospective, open-label, phase 3, noninferiority randomized clinical trial was conducted from June 1, 2010, to June 30, 2016, in the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing. Patients with hormone receptor–positive, ERBB2-negative, lymph node–positive operable breast cancer were included and randomized into 2 treatment groups. Data were analyzed from June 30, 2016, to November 1, 2022.

Interventions

Patients received adjuvant epirubicin (75 mg/m2) and paclitaxel (175 mg/m2) every 3 weeks for 6 cycles (EP regimen) or epirubicin (90 mg/m2) and cyclophosphamide (600 mg/m2) every 3 weeks for 4 cycles followed by paclitaxel (175 mg/m2) every 3 weeks for 4 cycles (EC-P regimen) as the intention-to-treat (ITT) population.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was disease-free survival (DFS), and the secondary outcomes included overall survival (OS), distant DFS, and safety.

Results

A total of 900 patients were registered, and 813 eligible patients (median age, 48 [IQR, 41-56] years) were randomly assigned to the EP group (n = 407) or the EC-P group (n = 406) after the surgical procedure. Through a median follow-up of 93.6 (IQR, 60.9-114.1) months, the hazard ratio (HR) of DFS for EP vs EC-P was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.62-1.10; 5-year DFS, 86.0% vs 80.6%; noninferior P = .001). The 5-year OS for the ITT population treated with the EP or the EC-P regimen was 94.7% vs 95.0%, respectively (HR, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.61-1.49]). Patients in the EP group had more frequent toxic effect events than those in the EC-P group.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this prospective, open-label, phase 3, randomized clinical trial, the EP regimen was noninferior to the EC-P regimen. These findings supported that the EP regimen could be an effective adjuvant chemotherapy regimen for women with ERBB2-negative breast cancer.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01134523
Association of Frequent Aspirin Use With Ovarian Cancer Risk According to Genetic Susceptibility
Authors: Hurwitz Lauren M. , Webb Penelope M. , Jordan Susan J. , Doherty Jennifer A. , Harris Holly R. , Goodman Marc T. , Shvetsov Yurii B. , Modugno Francesmary , Moysich Kirsten B. , Schildkraut Joellen M. , Berchuck Andrew , Anton-Culver Hoda , Ziogas Argyrios , Menon Usha , Ramus Susan J. , Wu Anna H. , Pearce Celeste Leigh , Wentzensen Nicolas , Tworoger Shelley S. , Pharoah Paul D. P. , Trabert Britton
Published: February 2023

Importance

Frequent aspirin use is associated with reduced ovarian cancer risk, but it is unknown whether genetic factors modify this association. Understanding effect modifiers is important given that any use of aspirin for ovarian cancer chemoprevention will likely need to focus on specific higher-risk subgroups.

Objective

To evaluate whether the association between frequent aspirin use and ovarian cancer is modified by a polygenic score (PGS) for nonmucinous ovarian cancer.

Design, Setting, and Participants

We pooled individual-level data from 8 population-based case-control studies from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium conducted in the US, UK, and Australia between 1995 and 2009. We included case patients and control participants with both genetic data and data on frequent aspirin use. Case patients with mucinous ovarian cancer were excluded. Data were analyzed between November 1, 2021, and July 31, 2022.

Exposures

Frequent aspirin use, defined as daily or almost daily use for 6 months or longer.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcome was nonmucinous epithelial ovarian cancer. We used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs and likelihood ratio tests to investigate effect modification by the PGS.

Results

There were 4476 case patients with nonmucinous ovarian cancer and 6659 control participants included in this analysis. At study enrollment, the median (IQR) age was 58 (50-66) years for case patients and 57 (49-65) years for control participants. Case patients and control participants self-reported that they were Black (122 [3%] vs 218 [3%]), White (3995 [89%] vs 5851 [88%]), or of other race and ethnicity (348 [8%] vs 580 [9%]; race and ethnicity were unknown for 11 [0%] vs 10 [0%]). There were 575 case patients (13%) and 1030 control participants (15%) who reported frequent aspirin use. The 13% reduction in ovarian cancer risk associated with frequent aspirin use (OR, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.76-0.99]) was not modified by the PGS. Consistent ORs were observed among individuals with a PGS less than (0.85 [0.70-1.02]) and greater than (0.86 [0.74-1.01]) the median. Results were similar by histotype.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this study suggest that genetic susceptibility to ovarian cancer based on currently identified common genetic variants does not appear to modify the protective association between frequent aspirin use and ovarian cancer risk. Future work should continue to explore the role of aspirin use for ovarian cancer prevention among individuals who are at higher risk for ovarian cancer.
The effects of telecommuting and family cohabiting situation on psychological distress in Japanese workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ikenouchi Atsuko , Fujino Yoshihisa , Matsugaki Ryutaro , Mafune Kosuke , Ando Hajime , Nagata Tomohisa , Tateishi Seiichiro , Yoshimura Reiji , Tsuji Mayumi ,   CORoNaWork Project, Ogami Akira , Hino Ayako , Eguchi Hisashi , Muramatsu Keiji , Mori Koji , Okawara Makoto , Kuwamura Mami , Matsuda Shinya , Ishimaru Tomohiro , Igarashi Yu
Published: February 2023

Objective

This study aimed to determine whether telecommuting’s impact on psychological distress differed depending on the status of workers’ cohabiting family members during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

We collected data from 33 302 workers in Japan through an Internet survey, and included 27 036 valid responses in the analysis. The survey included items on family cohabitation and telecommuting status during the COVID-19 pandemic. We assessed workers’ psychological distress using the Kessler 6.

Results

The psychological distress odds ratios (ORs) were higher for participants who lived with family members requiring care (OR = 1.38, P < .001), and lower for participants living with preschool children (OR = 0.77, P < .001) or a spouse (OR = 0.80, P < .001). Furthermore, odds ratios were higher for participants who worked from home and lived with family members requiring care or preschool children (OR = 1.52, P = .002; OR = 1.28, P = .028). Stratified by the presence or absence of family members living with them, psychological distress was higher for telecommuters with family members requiring care, preschool children, or elementary school children.

Conclusion

The association between telecommuting and psychological distress varies, depending on workers’ living situation with family members.
The effect of integrating knowledge‐based planning with multicriteria optimization in treatment planning for prostate SBRT
Authors: Jayarathna Sandun , Shen Xinglei , Chen Ronald C. , Li H. Harold , Guida Kenny
Published: February 2023

Knowledge‐based planning (KBP) and multicriteria optimization (MCO) are two powerful tools to assist treatment planners in achieving optimal target coverage and organ‐at‐risk (OAR) sparing. The purpose of this work is to investigate if integrating MCO with conventional KBP can further improve treatment plan quality for prostate cancer stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). A two‐phase study was designed to investigate the impact of MCO and KBP in prostate SBRT treatment planning. The first phase involved the creation of a KBP model based on thirty clinical SBRT plans, generated by manual optimization (KBP_M). A ten‐patient validation cohort was used to compare manual, MCO, and KBP_M optimization techniques. The next phase involved replanning the original model cohort with additional tradeoff optimization via MCO to create a second model, KBP_MCO. Plans were then generated using linear integration (KBP_M+MCO), non‐linear integration (KBP_MCO), and a combination of integration methods (KBP_MCO+MCO). All plans were analyzed for planning target volume (PTV) coverage, OAR constraints, and plan quality metrics. Comparisons were generated to evaluate plan and model quality. Phase 1 highlighted the necessity of KBP and MCO in treatment planning, as both optimization methods improved plan quality metrics (Conformity and Heterogeneity Indices) and reduced mean rectal dose by 2 Gy, as compared to manual planning. Integrating MCO with KBP did not further improve plan quality, as little significance was seen over KBP or MCO alone. Principal component score (PCS) fitting showed KBP_MCO improved bladder and rectum estimated and modeled dose correlation by 5% and 22%, respectively; however, model improvements did not significantly impact plan quality. KBP and MCO have shown to reduce OAR dose while maintaining desired PTV coverage in this study. Further integration of KBP and MCO did not show marked improvements in treatment plan quality while requiring increased time in model generation and optimization time.
Printed Silk Microelectrode Arrays for Electrophysiological Recording and Controlled Drug Delivery
Authors: Adly Nouran , Teshima Tetsuhiko F. , Hassani Hossein , Boustani George Al , Weiß Lennart J.K. , Cheng Gordon , Alexander Joe , Wolfrum Bernhard
Published: February 2023

The use of soft and flexible bioelectronic interfaces can enhance the quality for recording cells’ electrical activity by ensuring a continuous and intimate contact with the smooth, curving surfaces found in the physiological environment. This work develops soft microelectrode arrays (MEAs) made of silk fibroin (SF) films for recording interfaces that can also serve as a drug delivery system. Inkjet printing is used as a tool to deposit the substrate, conductive electrode, and insulator, as well as a drug‐delivery nanocomposite film. This approach is highly versatile, as shown in the fabrication of carbon microelectrodes, sandwiched between a silk substrate and a silk insulator. The technique permits the development of thin‐film devices that can be employed for in vitro extracellular recordings of HL‐1 cell action potentials. The tuning of SF by applying an electrical stimulus to produce a permeable layer that can be used in on‐demand drug delivery systems is also demonstrated. The multifunctional MEA developed here can pave the way for in vitro drug screening by applying time‐resolved and localized chemical stimuli.
Heterogeneous Supermolecule Aerogel for Ultraexcellent Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Liu Hai‐Xiong , Huang Biao , Lin Feng‐Cai , Hu Xiao‐Jing , Cai Lei , Yin Qi , Li Xi‐Ya , Lin Guan‐Feng , Chen Yan‐Dan , Liu Tian‐Fu
Published: February 2023

Developing an efficient strategy for recycling and reusing homogeneous photocatalysts while maintaining high activity and selectivity remains a significant challenge. Herein, a novel heterogenization approach is presented for a homogeneous photocatalyst assembled into a biomass‐based aerogel for photocatalytic performance that can be easily recycled and reused. The efficiency of light harvesting and H2O absorption is considerably higher because of the presence of multihydroxy groups in the aerogel and its high porosity, which further promotes the photocatalytic H2 evolution activity up to 30 mmol g−1 h−1, and 20 mmol g−1 h−1 in the actual sunlight reaction. The industrial application prospect of this approach for solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion is evident based on the facile and simple synthesis strategy, excellent photocatalytic performance, and easy recyclability.
Physical Insights on the Phonon Dispersion of TiS2
Authors: Barajas‐Aguilar Aarón Hernán , Garay‐Tapia Andrés , Strupiechonski Elodie , Justo‐Guerrero Manuel Alejandro , Santos‐Cruz José , Jiménez‐Sandoval Sergio
Published: February 2023

Titanium disulfide is a quasi‐2D transition‐metal dichalcogenide relevant for various potential applications. To exploit its technological capabilities, it is important to determine its fundamental properties including the lattice dynamics. The TiS2 phonon dispersion curves available to date do not reproduce properly the experimental data for several reasons: i) all available experimental data are not taken into consideration, thus poor theory‐experiment agreements have been obtained; ii) the (unknown) frequency of the infrared mode A2u is erroneously assumed; and iii) such incorrect assignment has propagated in the literature, particularly in phonon dispersion calculations. It is presented here a thorough density functional theory analysis to determine the phonon dispersion curves of TiS2, accounting for the frequencies of all experimental phonon data available to date. These include the frequencies of nine zone‐edge Raman active modes of Ag‐intercalated TiS2, in addition to infrared, Raman, and neutron scattering data. An incorrect frequency assignment of the A2u mode in the literature is thoroughly discussed. Moreover, results of attenuated total reflection terahertz spectroscopy applied to TiS2 are provided. A self‐intercalation paradigm is presented to give a rationale for the temperature dependence of the poorly understood Raman features observed in pristine TiS2 at frequencies above the A1g mode.
Human Endonuclease ANKLE1 Localizes at the Midbody and Processes Chromatin Bridges to Prevent DNA Damage and cGAS‐STING Activation
Authors: Jiang Huadong , Kong Nannan , Liu Zeyuan , West Stephen C. , Chan Ying Wai
Published: February 2023

Chromatin bridges connecting the two segregating daughter nuclei arise from chromosome fusion or unresolved interchromosomal linkage. Persistent chromatin bridges are trapped in the cleavage plane, triggering cytokinesis delay. The trapped bridges occasionally break during cytokinesis, inducing DNA damage and chromosomal rearrangements. Recently, Caenorhabditis elegans LEM‐3 and human TREX1 nucleases have been shown to process chromatin bridges. Here, it is shown that ANKLE1 endonuclease, the human ortholog of LEM‐3, accumulates at the bulge‐like structure of the midbody via its N‐terminal ankyrin repeats. Importantly, ANKLE1−/− knockout cells display an elevated level of G1‐specific 53BP1 nuclear bodies, prolonged activation of the DNA damage response, and replication stress. Increased DNA damage observed in ANKLE1−/− cells is rescued by inhibiting actin polymerization or reducing actomyosin contractility. ANKLE1 does not act in conjunction with structure‐selective endonucleases, GEN1 and MUS81 in resolving recombination intermediates. Instead, ANKLE1 acts on chromatin bridges by priming TREX1 nucleolytic activity and cleaving bridge DNA to prevent the formation of micronuclei and cytosolic dsDNA that activate the cGAS‐STING pathway. It is therefore proposed that ANKLE1 prevents DNA damage and autoimmunity by cleaving chromatin bridges to avoid catastrophic breakage mediated by actomyosin contractile forces.
Single‐cell sequencing of entorhinal cortex reveals widespread disruption of neuropeptide networks in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Li Manci , Larsen Peter A.
Published: February 2023

INTRODUCTION

Abnormalities of neuropeptides (NPs) that play important roles in modulating neuronal activities are commonly observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We hypothesize that NP network disruption is widespread in AD brains.

METHODS

Single‐cell transcriptomic data from the entorhinal cortex (EC) were used to investigate the NP network disruption in AD. Bulk RNA‐sequencing data generated from the temporal cortex by independent groups and machine learning were employed to identify key NPs involved in AD. The relationship between aging and AD‐associated NP (ADNP) expression was studied using GTEx data.

RESULTS

The proportion of cells expressing NPs but not their receptors decreased significantly in AD. Neurons expressing higher level and greater diversity of NPs were disproportionately absent in AD. Increased age coincides with decreased ADNP expression in the hippocampus.

DISCUSSION

NP network disruption is widespread in AD EC. Neurons expressing more NPs may be selectively vulnerable to AD. Decreased expression of NPs participates in early AD pathogenesis. We predict that the NP network can be harnessed for treatment and/or early diagnosis of AD.
Association between carotid intima‐media thickness and cognitive decline differs by race
Authors: Ferreira Naomi Vidal , Bertola Laiss , Santos Itamar S. , Goulart Alessandra C. , Bittencourt Marcio S. , Barreto Sandhi Maria , Giatti Luana , Caramelli Paulo , Pereira Alexandre , Lotufo Paulo Andrade , Bensenor Isabela M. , Suemoto Claudia Kimie
Published: February 2023

INTRODUCTION

Common carotid intima‐media thickness (cIMT) is a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis and is associated with cognitive decline. Although carotid atherosclerosis is more frequent in White than in Black participants, little is known whether race modifies the association between cIMT and cognitive decline.

METHODS

In this longitudinal analysis of the ELSA‐Brasil, we assessed cIMT using ultrasound and cognitive performance using different domain tests. We used linear mixed models, interaction analysis, and race stratified analyses.

RESULTS

Baseline high IMT values were associated with memory (p < 0.001), verbal fluency (p < 0.001), TMT‐B (p < 0.001)), and global cognitive decline (p < 0.001). Race was an effect modifier in the association between IMT and global cognitive decline (0.043), with stronger association in White (p < 0.001) than in Black (p = 0.009) participants.

DISCUSSION

Baseline IMT was associated with global and domain‐specific cognitive decline and race modified this relationship, with stronger associations in White participants.

Highlights

Carotid intima‐media thickness (cIMT) was associated with cognitive decline.

cIMT and cognitive decline association was stronger in White than in Black participants.

We used inverse probability weighting to address attrition bias.
Factors Influencing Perioperative Nurse Turnover: A Classic Grounded Theory Study
Authors: Mayes Carole G. , Cochran Karen
Published: February 2023

Perioperative nurse turnover rates range from 12% to 18.8%, and approximately 75% of perioperative managers reported at least one vacancy in 2021. Perioperative leaders are challenged to mitigate nurse turnover effectively because factors contributing to a nurse's decision to leave their job are not well defined. The purpose of this qualitative study using classic grounded theory was to explore perioperative nurses’ turnover decision‐making processes. We used social media to recruit participants and then conducted 26 interviews to collect data. We completed comparative analysis of the data and developed the Perioperative Nurse Turnover Decision‐Making Theory, which describes the influence of the dimensions of perioperative nurse well‐being (ie, physical and emotional well‐being, career development, work‐life balance, compensation, workplace culture) on their decision to leave an OR position. Perioperative leaders should consider the nurses’ decision‐making process when developing and implementing interventions aimed at reducing turnover.
Automating Perioperative Inventory Management: A Quality Improvement Project
Authors: Rocchio Betty Jo , Chipps Esther , Gorsuch Penelope , Wills Celia E.
Published: February 2023

Preference cards are a foundation for perioperative inventory management processes; however, they can add to nurses’ perceived workload, introduce variability into supply management processes, and increase costs. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to implement an automated perioperative inventory management system to decrease nurses’ workload and increase their efficiency. Goals included improving preference card accuracy, decreasing add‐on supplies, and decreasing the supply costs for each procedure. Using a preintervention‐postintervention survey design, the project team evaluated the outcomes of workload, preference card accuracy, add‐on supplies, and procedural cost. Nurses’ perception of workload decreased in the supply management processes and cost of supplies categories and increased in the documenting supply use category. A four‐month 7.7% improvement in preference card accuracy reduced the average procedure supply cost by $86.72 for each procedure and saved the hospital $260,467. The number of add‐on supplies was reduced by 4,177 for a 20% reduction.
Chemical combination of nano‐silica and alkaline lignin for property enhancement of polylactic acid‐based composite films
Authors: Gong Yue , Fu Lingying , Ou Zhiqiang , Zhou Qi , Rao Xin , Wang Songbin , Huo Chunqing , Du Xueyu
Published: February 2023

As a key byproduct from alkaline pulping industry, alkaline lignin (AL) exhibits tremendous potentials for the development of high‐value‐added biomaterials, ascribed to its renewability and unique polymeric structure. In this study, the alkaline lignin was first oxidized and then modified with aminated nano‐silica. After further hydrophobic modification with a silane coupling agent, a novel lignin‐based filler was finally prepared and applied for property enhancement of PLA‐based composite films. As revealed from SEM results that, a uniformed state of filler distribution could be achieved if the filler content is no more than 1%. Under this condition, the thermal stability of composite film could be effectively improved, as well as the enhancement of tensile strength (50.7 MPa) and Young's modulus (2847 MPa). Notably, the composite films also exhibit selective resistance against UV lights rather than visible lights, especially at higher filler content.
The ear of the Sima de los Huesos hominins (Atapuerca, Spain)
Authors: Conde‐Valverde Mercedes , Martínez Ignacio , Quam Rolf , Arsuaga Juan Luis
Published: February 2023

Previous studies on the morphology of the inner ear (semicircular canals and cochlea) in the Sima de los Huesos hominin sample have provided important results on the evolution of these structures in the Neandertal lineage. Similarly, studies of the anatomy of the external and middle ear cavities of the Sima de los Huesos hominins have also provided important data on the auditory capacities of this European Middle Pleistocene population. The present contribution provides unpublished data on three new middle ear variables from the Sima de los Huesos fossils and compares these data with values from samples of Pan troglodytes, Homo neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens. The results of this analysis are combined with those obtained in previous studies to characterize the anatomy of the outer, middle and inner ear in the Sima de los Huesos fossils, as well as to establish the order of appearance of the features that characterize Neandertal ears. As in other cranial structures, the ear region in the Sima de los Huesos show a mosaic evolutionary pattern that includes primitive traits, others shared exclusively with Neandertals, and others that are specific to the Sima de los Huesos hominins. Neandertals and Sima de los Huesos hominins share two exclusive features of the middle ear that are among the first characteristics of the Neandertal lineage: a long tympanic cavity and a large entrance and exit of the mastoid antrum. Along with these traits, the Sima de los Huesos hominins present two specialized features: large volumes of the tympanic cavity and the mastoid antrum. Finally, the middle ear of the Neandertals is characterized by the presence of small angles between the tympanic axis and the plane of the oval window.
Resurrecting the power in the stones, developing a modern narrative of the agency and sentience of powerful stones, and recreating shared knowledge encounters at Gummingurru and its associated site architecture
Authors: Thomas E. Jaydeyn , Ross Annie , Bauwens Shannon , Bauwens Conrad
Published: February 2023

Prior to European settlement, the Gummingurru stone arrangement was a place of man‐making and knowledge sharing for Aboriginal people from across vast areas of what is now southern Queensland and northern New South Wales, Australia. One of the most powerful sites of ritual and exchange en‐route to the Bunya Mountains, Gummingurru was the place at which boys became adults, were assigned “yurees” (totems), and given Law to inform their roles in society for the rest of their lives. We argue that the stones themselves had agentive power in the creation of men. European invasion brought access to Gummingurru to a temporary end. The site lay dormant for many generations until it was returned to the Jarowair clan of the Wakka Wakka Nation in 2008. Since this time, the Gummingurru stone arrangement and its associated site architecture have been resurrected through the combination of applied archaeological and ethnohistorical research and Aboriginal knowledge. Today Gummingurru is at the centre of a major cultural revival on the Darling Downs. It is the locus of the development of Aboriginal control of reconciliation activities and the establishment of a power‐base for the management of both the Gummingurru and Bunya Mountains landscapes, with the stones themselves acting to control the process.