bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microbiological analysis of water and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cultivated in hydroponic and aquaponic systems and in soil.
Authors: Tonet Andressa , Ribeiro Alessandra Braga , Bagatin Alessandra Mara , Quenehenn Alessandra , Suzuki Claudia Cristina Leite Fiori
Published: May 2014

The water from aquaculture is often enriched with nutrients, which provides potential for use in hydroponic production of vegetables such as lettuce. However, this vegetable can be a vehicle for transmitting diseases pathogenic to humans when contaminated. Currently there is a concern about the quality and the risks that food can bring, due to the high incidence of diseases transmitted by these products. In this sense, the objective of this work was to evaluate the sanitary conditions of water and vegetable cultivation in hydroponic and aquaponic systems. Were analyzed 10 samples of water from hydroponic cultivation and 10 samples from aquaponic cultivation, as well as 10 samples of each lettuce growing system, hydroponic, aquaponic and soil. The analysis were performed in duplicate for coliforms at 35ºC and 45°C, coagulase-positive staphylococci and Salmonella spp.. The results showed that both samples of the hydroponic and aquaponic systems presented 100% of coliforms contamination at 35ºC, and that 40% of samples from aquaponic and hydroponic systems presented 30% of Escherichia coli. In the evaluation of lettuce samples it was not detected the presence of Salmonella spp. and staphylococci positive coagulase. However all lettuce samples from aquaponic, hydroponic and soil cultivations showed coliforms at 35ºC (>3NMP/g) and only two samples from the hydroponic system showed coliform at 45°C. It was found that all the cropping systems evaluated in this study provided similar microbiological quality for the final product. So, one can conclude that the samples are suitable for human consumption.

 

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14685/rebrapa.v2i2.46
Hygienic-sanitary conditions of school meals from Municipal Schools in Terra Boa, PR (Brazil)
Authors: Bagatin Alessandra Mara , Ribeiro Alessandra Braga , Tonet Andressa
Published: May 2014

All food needs to be free of contaminants, especially pathogens that may be harmful to health. The food security is achieved when strict quality control conditions are used during the preparation. The objective of this work was to analyze the hygienic-sanitary conditions during the school meals preparation. The research included microbiological analysis from food, hands of those handling the food, and the utensils used in the preparation. The samples analyzed, collected from eight schools, were of vegetables, the surface of hands, plastic bowls and chopping boards. Microbiological analyses were performed at the food microbiology laboratory of Integrado University of Campo Mourão, where the following microorganisms were researched: Coliforms at 35°C and at 45°C; mesophyll; Salmonella spp. and coagulase-positive strains of Staphylococcus according to the procedures determined by APHA and number 62 Normative. In the analysis of vegetables there were not positive results for Salmonella nor coagulase-positive strains of Staphylococcus; but 12.5 % showed contamination by coliforms at 35°C, and 12.5% by coliforms at 45°C. All the samples of the hands showed contamination by mesophyll, 6.25% were contaminated by Coliforms at 35°C and 6.25 % by coliforms at 45°C. None of the samples of utensils was positive for Salmonella, however, 12.5% of them were contaminated by coliforms at 35°C and 12.5 % by coliforms at 45 °C. It is concluded that it is necessary the adoption of corrective and preventive steps in order to produce safe food in the analyzed schools.
Evaluation of quality parameters of frozen acerola pulp commercialized in Londrina-PR
Authors: Urbano Gisele Ross , Maziero Priscila Pitta , Kato Talita , Pedrão Mayka Reghiany
Published: May 2014

Acerola or west indian cherry (Malpighia emarginata DC) is a tropical fruit with high economic potential, and nutritional relevance due to its high vitamin C content. The continuous increase on fruits consumption, associated to the improvements on the quality control of foods indicated that the commercialization of frozen tropical fruits pulps should continue to increase, due to its convenience and nutritional appeal. Nevertheless, due to its composition, fruit pulps are a good substrate for the microbial growth, which can deteriorate the product, and cause harm to the human health. Therefore, it is extremely important to evaluate the quality of the commercialized fruit pulps, in order to verify their accordance to the legislation requirements. This work aimed to evaluate the quality of two brands of frozen acerola pulps (A and B) commercialized in the Londrina city, state of Paraná, Brazil. For this purpose, microbiology analysis (moulds and yeasts, total coliforms, and termotolerants counts), and physicochemical analysis (titratable acidity, pH, and total soluble solids) were performed. Analyses were done on five different samples of 5 Kg each. The two brands analyzed were in accordance to the Brazilian legislation requirements in relation to the parameters of quality and identity, and did not present microbiological contamination, which indicated safety in their consumption.

 

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14685/rebrapa.v3i1.65
 
Uptake and removal of oil in water by means of gels
Authors: Domiciano Mateus Gonzales , Coelho Ailey Aparecida , Da Silva Regiane
Published: May 2014

3D gels are polymeric networks, able to absorb solvents. In this work, starch and PVA gels were developed to act removing oil from water. The oil absorbing capacity can be suitable along with their composition through the synthesis process. Starch and PVA gels were grafted with palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, eicosenoic acid, erucic acid and nervonic acid, showing ability to absob up to 50% of weight in oil. When dried or swollen, the gels presented a handling resistance, considered important for using and removal of oil in water.

 

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14685/rebrapa.v3i1.81
Stability of tilapia Minced (Oreochromis niloticus) due to the use of different additives
Authors: Cabral Ingridy Simone Ribeiro , Angelini Maria Fernanda Calil , Shirahigue Ligianne Din , Sucasas Lia Ferraz de Arruda , Oetterer Marília
Published: May 2014

The application of minced extraction process is an emergent and attractive process due to its possibility of greater meat recovering, creating better quality products. The development of new formulation is necessary to improve the technological quality of minced, and can be achieved through the use of preservative ingredients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of washing and use of additives such as BHT and the association sodium tripolyphosphate / sodium erythorbate, on the stability of tilapia minced stored at frozen until 60 days. Minced was prepared from tilapia with addition of different antioxidants, and its composition and freshness characteristics (TVB-N and TBARS) were evaluated. It was observed that the non-washed minced presented lower moisture but higher levels of proteins, lipids and ash. After the freshness analysis, the washed minced TVB-N showed lower values than non-washed, and the samples with antioxidants presented higher stability during storage. The TBARS analysis of cooked samples showed a lower stability and it was verified that the storage time tends to increase the oxidation. It was concluded that both washing and addition of antioxidants were able to enhance stability against minced storage under freezing.

 

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14685/rebrapa.v3i1.85
 
Influence of inulin on chemical, sensorial and survival of L. Acidophilus in symbiotic frozen yogurt with reduced-lactose:
Authors: Romano Cleunice Cassalho , Sereia Maria Josiane , Oliveira Renata R. , Oliveira Thaise Pascoato , Vieira Murilo E.S.
Published: May 2014

Recently, the dairy industry has given special attention to development of products containing low lactose content, to meet the needs of consumers intolerant to this sugar type. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of adding inulin on chemical, sensory and survival of probiotics in symbiotic frozen yogurt with reduced lactose content during the storage period. The hydrolysis degree achieved using 0.8 g of lactase per liter milk was about 97.54%, being below the limit quantification (0.5%) and being considered as a food for special purposes. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the enzyme lactase effectively reduced the lactose content in frozen developed, not by changing the physicochemical and viability of probiotic culture. The addition of inulin caused a significant change (p<0.05) in sensory attributes evaluated and promoted the growth of L. acidophilus, showing that this type of edible ice cream is a good option for the dairy market, catering lactose intolerant consumers.

 

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14685/rebrapa.v3i1.90
Physical-chemical evaluation of probiotic fermented milk sold in West Region of Paraná.
Authors: Corti Daiane , Gabiatti Angelica Regina , Drunkler Deisy Alessandra , Martins Fabiana De Oliveira
Published: May 2014

Understood for fermented milk, products made by coagulation and lowering the pH of milk by lactic fermentation of crops through the action of specific microorganisms. Included among the types of fermented milks yoghurt, acidophilus milk, kefir, kumys and curds. Were collected four brands of probiotic fermented milk strawberry flavored, commercialized the west region of Paraná, in triplicate, totaling 12 samples, and those subjected to physical and chemical analyzes in order to evaluate whether they were in accordance with the parameters of the legislation, which presents only, fat, protein and acidity. The remaining analyzes were compared with the values found in the literature by other authors for fermented milks. It was observed that the samples were in disagreement with the current legislation for the titratable acidity and protein, and the sample B is also not comply in fat content. It can be concluded that the probiotic fermented milk, strawberry flavor, do not meet the standard of quality and identity recommended by legislation current.

 

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14685/rebrapa.v3i2.88
Technological and nutritional potential of macaúba fruit Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd
Authors: Mooz Edinéia Dotti , Castelucci Ana Carolina Leme , Spoto Marta Helena Fillet
Published: May 2014

In Brazilian biome, there is a great diversity of native fruiting plants with potential for agro-industrial purposes. Among the species found, it is highlighted the palm fruits Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd, popularly known as macaúba. This study aimed to characterize the biometry of fresh macaúba fruit, the physicalchemical quality and pulp yield, to assess the nutritional and technological potential. The fruits are spherical drupes, the average values obtained for the longitudinal external diameter (DEL) and external transverse (DET) and total mass of fruit, 40.7 mm, 40.8 mm and 21.13 g , respectively, were higher than found in the literature for other fruit of palm trees. These results characterize the macaúba pulp as a product of low acidity, thus favoring sensorial characteristics. The content of soluble solids was correlated with sugars and organic acids levels. The L * value was higher in peel when compared with pulp, accordingly with chromaticity values. Hue peel angle was characterized by a yellow-reddish color and the pulp indicated a yellow coloring. The pulp showed high yield, especially regarding the technology use as raw material for agro-food industry.

 

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14685/rebrapa.v3i2.89
 
Characteristics of infertility specific quality of life in Hungarian couples
Authors: Cserepes Réka Eszter , Kőrösi Tamás , Bugán Antal
Published: May 2014

Introduction: Experiencing involuntary childlessness has a great impact on couples’ quality of life. Aim: The aim of the authors was to examine the intercorrelations among infertility specific quality of life and depression on the levels of individuals and couples. Method: 126 couples in five fertility centers in Hungary filled out the FertiQoL and Beck Depression Inventory and answered some sociodemographic questions. Results: In gender comparison, women reported about more depressive symptoms and poorer quality of life than men. Both in men and women, the higher depression level correlated with lower level of quality of life. Moreover, the presence of more depressive symptoms in women was related to men’s poorer quality of life. Conclusions: The results show that differences may exist in affective responses to infertility between women and men and that female affective problems take effects on the level of the couple relationship. These findings may be useful in psychosocial support of the couples facing infertility, especially in couple counselling or couple therapy. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(20), 783–788.
Present and future of genotype-based personalized nutrition
Authors: Sarkadi Nagy Eszter , Martos Éva
Published: May 2014

After the completion of the Human Genome Project, the era of providing personalized dietary advice based on an individual’s genetic profile seemed near. Since then more than a decade has passed and the pace of development has been slower than expected. Genotyping single nucleotide polymorphisms which may determine susceptibility to multifactorial diseases is cheaper and more accessible than it was ten years ago. However, few of them are supported by such solid scientific evidence which would justify their use for personalized dietary advice. The future of genotype-based personalized nutrition depends on whether a sufficient amount of gene–diet-disease interactions are identified and scientifically confirmed. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(20), 771–777.
Shenandoah Valley Nanoscience Outreach Collaboration
Authors: Constantin Costel , Hughes Christopher Wm. , Augustine Brian H. , Paulson Scott
Published: May 2014

James Madison University (JMU) faculty and K-12 teachers founded in 2011 the Shenandoah Valley Nanoscience Outreach Collaboration (SVNOC) effort. The goal of SNVOC is to help K-12 teachers incorporate nanoscience concepts into their classrooms. In this work we present how SVNOC participants use the Nanodays experimental kits to help students understand basic nanotechnology principles such as “How small is small?” Our preliminary results show that for PE the best experiments are the ones that are outside the operating schema of kids so they can stimulate further research. At the HS level, there is a consensus that students need more challenging mathematics that can be extracted from these experimental kits.
Deformation of Porous, Nanostructured Silver at Room Temperature and 150 °C
Authors: Noiseau Guillaume , Becker Michael F. , Keto John W. , Kovar Desiderio
Published: May 2014

Porous, nanostructured silver samples were produced using a direct-write method where a nanoparticle aerosol consisting of particles with a mean size of approximately 5 nm were accelerated to speeds of approximately 1000 m/sec and impacted onto a translating substrate [1]. The impacting particles have sufficient energy to stick to the substrate, allowing patterned thick films to be directly written from the aerosol without a mask. Unlike other low temperature processing routes for achieving patterned films, no organics are added that can interfere with postdeposition processing. Typical films are 5- 100 μm thick, up to several centimeters long, and have an as-deposited relative densities as high as 70% of bulk Ag. Compression tests were carried out in steps at room temperature and at 150°C under constant displacement rates. Local strain and densification were measured by optical profilometry between each compression step. The results can be used as a starting point to better understand the mechanisms that govern plasticity, creep, and sintering in nanostructured, porous silver at low processing temperatures.
Behavior of Magnetorheological Fluids
Authors: Ginder John M.
Published: May 2014

In the absence of an applied magnetic field, magnetorheological (MR) fluids typically behave as nearly ideal Newtonian liquids. The application of a magnetic field induces magnetic dipole and multipole moments on each particle. The anisotropic magnetic forces between pairs of particles promote the head-to-tail alignment of the moments and draws the particles into proximity. These attractive interparticle forces lead to the formation of chains, columns, or more complicated networks of particles aligned with the direction of the magnetic field. When these structures are deformed mechanically, magnetic restoring forces tend to oppose the deformation. Substantial field-dependent enhancements of the rheological properties of these materials result, as demonstrated in Figure 1.

The myriad potential applications of MR and electrorheological (ER) fluids provide considerable motivation for research on these materials. The availability of fluids with yield stresses or apparent viscosities that are controllable over many orders of magnitude by applied fields enables the construction of electromechanical devices that are engaged and controlled by electrical signals and that require few or no moving parts. Potential automotive applications include electrically engaged clutches for vehicle powertrains and engine accessories as well as semiactive shock absorbers that can adapt in real time to changing road conditions. Semiactive dampers for rotorcraft control surfaces are among the potential aerospace applications. The critical need to mitigate the structural vibrations of large structures has led to the construction of large, high-force MR-fluid-based dampers. A promising application in manufacturing processes is the computer-aided polishing of precision optics in which abrasive particles are suspended in an MR fluid so that the polishing rate is determined in part by the strength of an applied magnetic field.
Cross-Sectional Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of Semiconductor Heterostructures
Authors: Yu Edward T.
Published: May 2014

As characteristic dimensions in semiconductor devices continue to shrink and as advanced heterostructure devices increase in prominence, the ability to characterize structure and electronic properties in semiconductor materials and device structures at the atomic to nanometer scales has come to be of outstanding and immediate importance. Phenomena such as atomic-scale roughness of heterojunction interfaces, compositional ordering in semiconductor alloys, discreteness and spatial distribution of dopant atoms, and formation of self-assembled nanoscale structures can exert a profound influence on material properties and device behavior. The relationships between atomic-scale structure, epitaxial growth or processing conditions, and ultimately material properties and device behavior must be understood for realization and effective optimization of a wide range of semiconductor heterostructure and nanoscale devices.

Cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has emerged as a unique and powerful tool in the study of atomic-scale properties in III-V compound semiconductor heterostructures and of nanometer-scale structure and electronic properties in Si micro-electronic devices, offering unique capabilities for characterization that in conjunction with a variety of other, complementary experimental methods are providing new and important insights into material and device properties at the atomic to nanometer scale. In this article, we describe the basic experimental techniques involved in cross-sectional STM and give a few representative applications from our work that illustrate the ability, using cross-sectional STM in conjunction with other experimental techniques, to probe atomic-scale features in the structure of semiconductor heterojunctions and to correlate these features with epitaxial-growth conditions and device behavior.
Time-Resolved High-Resolution Electron Microscopy of Clusters, Surfaces, and Interfaces
Authors: Tanaka Nobuo , Kizuka Tokushi
Published: May 2014

Nanoscale materials show a variety of interesting physical and chemical properties. Since the properties are mostly determined by mesoscopic- and atomicscale areas of the materials, characterization of nanoscale materials at the atomic level is crucial for understanding the origin of their properties as well as for tailoring them to industrial needs. High-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) is an effective method to observe atomic structures in nanophase materials. The “structure-imaging technique,” originated by Ueda et al., and Cowley and Iijima, contributed much to the development of the method. Innovations are anticipated in (1) three-dimensional analysis of nanophase materials in real space, (2) observation of dynamic phenomena, and (3) extraction of compositional and physical information from nanometer-sized areas. Using the structure-imaging technique, one can observe directly nanometer-scale particles and defect structures such as voids and line and plane defects in crystals, including surfaces and interfaces. There were previously some limitations on the study of the dynamic process on the atomic level since images were captured on films. The recent development of high-sensitivity silicon-integrated-target-television (SIT-TV) cameras has initiated a new stage of HREM.

Our time-resolved-high-resolution-electron-microscopy (TRHREM) system is composed of a 200-kV HREM (JEOL: JEM-2010) equipped with a high-sensitivity SIT-TV camera, various types of dedicated sample holders, an ultrahigh-vacuum (UHV) sample-preparation chamber, and a digital videotape recorder, as partly illustrated in Figure 5. The HREM images at 0.8–1.0-million magnification are recorded on the videotape recorder. In the U.S.-Japan TV system, one “frame image” of 1/30-s time resolution is composed of two interlaced “field images” of 1/60-s time resolution. The digital videotape recorder enables us to output the two “field images” separately from two frame memories.
Pulsed Laser Deposition
Authors: Hubler Graham K.
Published: May 2014

Research on materials grown by pulsed laser deposition, or PLD, has experienced phenomenal growth since late 1987 when T. Venkatesan (one of the authors for this issue) and co-workers pointed out that extreme nonequilibrium conditions created by pulsed laser melting of YBaCuO allowed in-situ preparation of thin films of this high transition temperature (Tc) superconducting material. Since then, PLD has emerged as the primary means for high throughput deposition of high-quality superconducting thin films for research and devices. This probably came as no surprise to J.T. Cheung (another of this issue's authors), who performed original research in this area and tirelessly labored during the 1980s to convince a skeptical audience of the advantages of PLD.

Along with the success of PLD in the arena of high-temperature superconductivity, however, is the explosion of activity in the deposition of many other materials, made possible by the unique features of pulsed laser deposition, materials previously not amenable to in-situ thin film growth. Creative minds reasoned that since PLD can deposit a demanding, complex material such as the perovskite structure Y1Ba2Cu3O7-δ, why not other perovskites or multicomponent oxide materials? It also turns out that the range of properties of multicomponent oxides is virtually limitless. They can be metallic, insulating, semiconducting, biocompatable, superconducting, ferroelectric, piezoelectric, and so on. One is not limited to the properties of elements or binary compounds on which the electronics and microelectronics industries are based. Indeed, in a recent review of hybrid ferromagnetic- semiconductor structures, G. Prinz states, “… there has been little work devoted to incorporating magnetic materials into planar integrated electronic (or photonic) circuitry there are potential applications that have no analog in vacuum electronics but that remain unrealized, awaiting the development of appropriate materials and processing procedures.” In pulsed laser deposition, we may well have in hand the “appropriate processing procedure” to deposit sequential epitaxial layers of high quality materials that possess profoundly different properties.
Avanços na etiologia, no diagnóstico e no tratamento da puberdade precoce central
Authors: Macedo Delanie B. , Cukier Priscilla , Mendonca Berenice B. , Latronico Ana Claudia , Brito Vinicius Nahime
Published: May 2014

O início da puberdade caracteriza-se pelo aumento de amplitude e frequência dos pulsos do hormônio secretor de gonadotrofinas (GnRH) após um período de relativa supressão hormonal durante a infância. A reemergência da secreção pulsátil do GnRH resulta em aumento na secreção de gonadotrofinas, hormônio luteinizante (LH) e folículo estimulante (FSH), pela hipófise anterior e consequente ativação gonadal. A ativação prematura do eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-gonadal resulta em puberdade precoce dependente de gonadotrofinas, também conhecida como puberdade precoce central (PPC), e se caracteriza pelo desenvolvimento dos caracteres sexuais secundários antes dos 8 anos nas meninas e 9 anos nos meninos. O início do desenvolvimento puberal provém da interação complexa de fatores genéticos, nutricionais, ambientais e socioeconômicos. O diagnóstico clínico da PPC baseia-se em reconhecimento de desenvolvimento puberal progressivo, concentrações púberes de LH em condição basal e/ou após estímulo com GnRH e avanço de idade óssea. A ressonância magnética de encéfalo é útil no estabelecimento de diagnóstico diferencial entre as formas orgânica ou idiopática. Os análogos de GnRH de ação prolongada representam o tratamento de escolha da PPC. O componente genético da PPC foi recentemente fortalecido pela evidência de mutações no gene MKRN3, localizado no braço longo do cromossomo 15, em crianças com PPC familial. Nessa revisão, dados clínicos e terapêuticos da PPC serão amplamente discutidos, visando à atualização e à conduta criteriosa dessa condição clínica de grande relevância na endocrinologia pediátrica.
An overview on the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis
Authors: Maeda Sergio Setsuo , Lazaretti-Castro Marise
Published: May 2014

Osteoporosis is a worldwide health problem related to the aging of the population, and it is often underdiagnosed and undertreated. It is related to substantial morbidity, mortality and impairment of the quality of life. Estrogen deficiency is the major contributing factor to bone loss after menopause. The lifetime fracture risk at 50 years of age is about 50% in women. The aim of the treatment of osteoporosis is to prevent fractures. Non-pharmacological treatment involves a healthy diet, prevention of falls, and physical exercise programs. Pharmacological treatment includes calcium, vitamin D, and active medication for bone tissue such, as anti-resorptives (i.e., SERMs, hormonal replacement therapy, bisphosphonates, denosumab), bone formers (teriparatide), and mixed agents (strontium ranelate). Bisphosphonates (alendronate, risedronate, ibandronate, and zoledronate) are the most used anti-resorptive agents for the treatment of osteoporosis. Poor compliance, drug intolerance, and adverse effects can limit the benefits of the treatment. Based on the knowledge on bone cells signaling, novel drugs were developed and are being assessed in clinical trials.
Influence of ageing time on yield and texture of marinated chicken breast cooked using a continuous process
Authors: Sartori Tais Colpo , Terra Nelcindo Nascimento
Published: May 2014

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different ageing times before deboning (deboning time) and ageing times after deboning (holding time) on the quality (sensory attributes and texture) and cooking loss of chicken breast marinated, cooked and frozen using a continuous process.The following3² experimental design was used (3 deboning times: zero, 6 and 12 hours; and 3 holding times: zero, 12 and 24 hours). Brine absorption, chicken breast pH and cooking loss were evaluated, a sensory analysis was carried out and the shear force was determined. The deboning and holding times did not significantly influence brine absorption and pH, but did significantly influence cooking loss, where the lowest value obtained was a mean of 19.72% for deboning times of 6 or 12 hours and a holding time of 24 hours. A deboning time of 6 hours was sufficient to improve tenderness as measured by a sensory analysis and shear force determination.
Analytical standards production for the analysis of pomegranate anthocyanins by HPLC
Authors: Santiago Manuela Cristina Pessanha de Araújo , Gouvêa Ana Cristina Miranda Senna , Godoy Ronoel Luiz de Oliveira , Borguini Renata Galhardo , Pacheco Sidney , Nogueira Regina Isabel , Nascimento Luzimar da Silva de Mattos do , Freitas Suely Pereira
Published: May 2014

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a fruit with a long medicinal history, especially due to its phenolic compounds content, such as the anthocyanins, which are reported as one of the most important natural antioxidants. The analysis of the anthocyanins by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) can be considered as an important tool to evaluate the quality of pomegranate juice. For research laboratories the major challenge in using HPLC for quantitative analyses is the acquisition of high purity analytical standards, since these are expensive and in some cases not even commercially available. The aim of this study was to obtain analytical standards for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the anthocyanins from pomegranate. Five vegetable matrices (pomegranate flower, jambolan, jabuticaba, blackberry and strawberry fruits) were used to isolate each of the six anthocyanins present in pomegranate fruit, using an analytical HPLC scale with non-destructive detection, it being possible to subsequently use them as analytical standards. Furthermore, their identities were confirmed by high resolution mass spectrometry. The proposed procedure showed that it is possible to obtain analytical standards of anthocyanins with a high purity grade (98.0 to 99.9%) from natural sources, which was proved to be an economic strategy for the production of standards by laboratories according to their research requirements.
Avaliação sensorial, físico-química e microbiológica do pirarucu (Arapaima gigas, Schinz 1822) durante estocagem em gelo
Authors: Oliveira Pedro Roberto de , Jesus Rogério Souza de , Batista Gilvan Machado , Lessi Edson
Published: May 2014

O pirarucu é a espécie de peixe de maior valor econômico na Amazônia brasileira, e esse fato tem motivado crescente interesse dos piscicultores na sua exploração comercial. A finalidade do presente estudo foi medir as alterações sensoriais, físico-químicas e microbiológicas que ocorreram em exemplares de pirarucu estocados em gelo (2±1 ºC). Amostras foram analisadas semanalmente, durante 36 dias, por meio de determinações do pH, Nitrogênio das bases voláteis totais (N-BVT), avaliação sensorial pelo Método de Índice de Qualidade (MIQ), textura instrumental e contagens microbiológicas. Foram também determinados a composição centesimal, o índice de rigor mortis e o rendimento da espécie. Os resultados mostraram que o tempo de vida útil para consumo, de acordo com a avaliação sensorial, foi de 27 ± 0,5 dias em gelo. As contagens de bactérias mesófilas e psicrófilas apresentaram valores máximos entre 10(6) a 10(7)(UFC/g) e os índices de pH e N-BVT não apresentaram valores elevados durante todo o período de estocagem em gelo.
Oral health care: the knowledge and work of the community health agent
Authors: Venancio Elizandra de Queiroz , Paula Elza Maria de Queiroz Venancio de , Reis Cássia Barbosa
Published: May 2014

Introduction: With the reorganization of oral health policy in 2004, the community health agent is regarded as a facilitator of oral health practices in her area. Objective: To identify knowledge and practice of community health agents in oral health care. Material and method: This is a qualitative study, based on the theory of social representations, and the data were collected through semi-structured interviews, using the collective subject discourse as the technique of tabulation and analysis of data. The sample consisted of 11 interviews, delimited by saturation. Data collection was conducted during the period April-June 2010, in Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul. Result: The results indicate that respondents understand what oral health is, realize the impact of oral health on overall health, guide the community regarding oral health carein their work practices, operate and provide care in the basic health unit, but have not been trained to act as instructors. Conclusion: The community health workers have knowledge of common sense oral health, acquired through their own life experiences and observation of the world, but show some uncertainty due to lack of training.This points to the need for investment in ongoing education for these professionals so that they can continuously assist the population in the process of empowerment of knowledge about health.
Prevalência de desordens temporomandibulares em indivíduos desdentados reabilitados com próteses totais convencionais
Authors: Souza Samilly Evangelista , Cavacalnti Nilla Pinto , Oliveira Luciana Valadares , Meyer Guilherme Andrade
Published: May 2014

Introdução: Apesar do desenvolvimento da Odontologia Preventiva durante as últimas décadas e do advento dos implantes osseointegrados, ainda é possível encontrar indivíduos que necessitam de reabilitação com prótese total convencional. Independentemente da causa do edentulismo, desordens temporomandibulares (DTMs) podem acometer pacientes desdentados totais, portadores ou não de próteses. As Desordens Temporomandibulares podem ser definidas como um conjunto de condições dolorosas e/ou disfuncionais, que envolvem os músculos da mastigação e/ou as articulações temporomandibulares (ATMs). Objetivo: Avaliar e investigar a prevalência de DTM em indivíduos desdentados totais, de acordo com as variáveis clínicas propostas pelo método utilizado. Metodologia: A amostra da pesquisa foi constituída por 25 indivíduos desdentados totais, que foram submetidos a tratamento reabilitador com prótese total convencional dupla na Disciplina de Prótese Total. O exame seguiu o Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC), utilizado para diagnóstico de DTM. Resultado: Dos 25 pacientes examinados, apenas um (4%) apresentou diagnóstico referente à dor miofacial. Em relação ao deslocamento de disco, o tempo de edentulismo (p=0,077) e o tempo de uso da prótese atual (p=0,077) apresentaram significância estatística, ambos apresentando cinco indivíduos com deslocamento de disco. Quanto às alterações degenerativas e/ou álgicas da ATM, o tempo de edentulismo (p=0,012) e o tempo de uso da prótese atual (p=0,012) também apresentaram resultados significativos. Conclusão: Quanto ao deslocamento de disco e às alterações degenerativas das ATMs, apenas o tempo de edentulismo e o tempo de uso das próteses atuais foram variáveis clínicas estatisticamente significativas.
Avaliação do metabolismo epitelial em cistos radiculares pela técnica de AgNORS
Authors: Cavalli Daiana , Modolo Filipe , Rivero Elena Riet Correa
Published: May 2014

Introdução: A formação do Cisto Radicular (CR) está associada à proliferação dos restos epiteliais de Malassez por estímulos inflamatórios, provenientes da proliferação bacteriana do canal radicular de um dente não vital. Quando o dente é removido, esse cisto passa a ser denominado Cisto Residual (CRe). O tratamento de escolha para o CR é endodôntico, com o objetivo de eliminar a inflamação presente no periápice. No entanto, em alguns casos, o cisto pode continuar a crescer, necessitando de tratamento cirúrgico, o que ocorre na maioria dos casos de CRe. Objetivo: Avaliar o metabolismo do epitélio de revestimento de CR e CRe, utilizando a quantificação das AgNORs, e verificar a influência da presença de inflamação sobre o crescimento desses cistos. Material e método: Vinte casos de CR e dez de CRe foram submetidos à técnica de AgNOR. A análise quantitativa das NORs foi realizada utilizando-se o software 'Contando células'. O teste estatístico pós-hock de Newman-keuls foi realizado para a comparação do número médio de AgNORs entre CR e CRe, e entre áreas inflamadas e não inflamadas. Resultado: Diferença estatisticamente significante (p=0,0094) foi observada entre áreas inflamadas (1,86±0,26) e não inflamadas (1,65±0,20). Na comparação entre CR (1,81±0,28) e CRe (1,73±0,16), não houve diferença estatisticamente significante (p=0,37). Conclusão: A inflamação interfere no metabolismo epitelial de CR e CRe, o que reflete a ação de fatores de crescimento na proliferação do epitélio, contribuindo para o crescimento do cisto, independentemente da presença do fator etiológico associado com a origem da lesão.
Influência do diâmetro foraminal do canal radicular, do tipo e da penetração de agulha, e do fluxo da solução irrigadora na limpeza e na extrusão apical
Authors: Tanomaru-Filho Mário , Loiola Lívia Etchebehere de , Miano Lucas Martinati , Chávez-Andrade Gisselle Moraima , Guerreiro-Tanomaru Juliane Maria
Published: May 2014

Introdução: A irrigação do canal radicular visa a limpeza e desinfecção do sistema de canais radiculares, sem promover extrusão apical. Objetivo: Avaliar a influência do diâmetro foraminal do canal radicular, da penetração e do tipo de agulha, e do fluxo na limpeza e na extrusão apical da solução irrigadora. Material e método: Doze dentes incisivos inferiores humanos com canal único foram instrumentados e, após ampliação foraminal com diferentes diâmetros (LK #40 e 60), os canais radiculares foram preenchidos com solução de contraste radiológico espessada com propilenoglicol e óxido de zinco. Foram utilizados dois tipos de agulhas de irrigação 27G com diferentes designs (abertura apical ou lateral), dois fluxos correspondentes a 15 ou 25 mL/min, e com penetração das agulhas em duas profundidades (3 e 6 mm aquém do ápice). Antes e após irrigação, os dentes foram radiografados utilizando um sistema radiográfico digital. As áreas do canal radicular antes (preenchido pelo contraste) e após irrigação (remanescente do contraste) foram submetidas à subtração de imagens no programa Adobe Photoshop CS4 e mensuradas por meio do programa Image Tool 3.0, obtendo o percentual de limpeza e de extrusão. Os dados foram analisados por meio dos testes ANOVA e Tukey, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultado: Não houve diferença estatística entre o diâmetro foraminal, o tipo e a profundidade de penetração da agulha, e a velocidade do fluxo de irrigação nos parâmetros limpeza (acima de 97%) e extrusão apical (menor do que 0,38 mm2), com p>0,05. Conclusão: Todos os protocolos de irrigação avaliados proporcionaram limpeza do canal radicular e pequena extrusão apical da solução irrigadora.
Avaliação histológica de hidroxiapatita sintética associada a fosfato de cálcio (?-TCP) utilizados em levantamento de assoalho de seio maxilar
Authors: Paiva Luis Gustavo Jaime , Batista Aline Carvalho , Carvalho Leandro Cardoso de , Garcia Robson Rodrigues
Published: May 2014

Introdução: Quando a altura do osso alveolar residual é insuficiente na região posterior da maxila, a elevação do assoalho do seio maxilar visando a viabilizar a instalação de implantes dentários é um procedimento indicado. O enxerto autógeno (EA) de regiões intra ou extraorais é considerado o padrão ouro para esse procedimento. Novas opções de substitutos ósseos vêm surgindo, como o Straumann(r) BoneCeramic (BC) - 60% constituído de hidroxiapatita e 40% de β tricálcio fosfato, 100% sintético -, sendo o material utilizado no presente trabalho. Objetivo: Avaliar e comparar histologicamente o comportamento deste substituto ósseo com o enxerto ósseo autógeno. Material e método: Dez pacientes saudáveis e parcialmente desdentados na região posterior da maxila foram submetidos à elevação do assoalho do seio maxilar previamente à instalação de implantes dentários osseointegráveis, sendo, destes, cinco com EA e cinco com BC. Após seis meses do tempo de integração do enxerto ósseo, as amostras foram coletadas por uma trefina e coradas em hematoxilina e eosina para microscopia. Resultado: Todos os implantes osseointegráveis apresentaram boa estabilidade primária. A análise histológica demonstrou tecido ósseo neoformado viável em quatro das cinco amostras do BC, além de um íntimo contato do tecido ósseo mineralizado recém-formado com as partículas do BC. Em uma amostra do BC, não foi observada formação de osso viável. O tecido ósseo formado a partir do EA e do BC apresentou uma característica histológica similar. Conclusão: O BC se mostrou um material adequado para a elevação do assoalho do seio maxilar previamente à instalação de implantes dentários osseointegráveis.
Gravidarum granuloma associated to an osseointegrated implant: case report
Authors: Trento Cleverson Luciano , Veltrini Vanessa Cristina , Santos Rivelino Nímio Marques dos , Santos Vanessa Tavares de Gois
Published: May 2014

Introduction: Pyogenic granuloma, known as gravidarum granuloma or pregnancy granuloma, is a benign non-neoplastic reactive oral lesion that may occur in pregnant women. It is usually a highly vascularized mass, which has exophytic characteristics, and it may be sessile or pedunculated. Its surface has usually a smooth or lobular aspect, with its coloration ranging from red to pink. The pain sensitivity will depend on the degree of injury involving the traumatic lesion, but it is frequently painless. Adjacent areas to dental implants are rare for the appearance of this type of granuloma. Objective: The aim of this case report was to present a clinic case of gravidarum granuloma in the region of lower lingual gingiva, adjacent to an osseointegrated implant in a 33-year-old woman, with 3 months of gestation, who had the lesion since the beginning of her pregnancy. Conclusion: Gravidarum granuloma was diagnosed in association to a dental implant, and it highlights the necessity for improvements of oral hygiene in the peri-implant regions. Surgical treatment with excisional biopsy plus hygiene control were enough to settle the case.
Vulnerability and tuberculosis in Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Brás Oriana Cátia Rainho
Published: May 2014

This paper aims at understanding social causality of Tuberculosis in Rio de Janeiro. This is one of the Brazilian states with the highest incidence of this disease. We follow the story of Paulo, a patient who received care at the outpatient clinic for multi-drug resistant Tuberculosis, in Rio de Janeiro. To make sense of his story, we will look at it through the concept of vulnerability in life conditions. Along with Sabroza (2006), we argue that this vulnerability is a collective expression of the economic insertion of a growing segment of Rio’s population in the current technical-scientific-informational capitalism (Santos, 2002 [1979]). Limitations in the health services add directly to vulnerability in life conditions of patients making treatment a hard endeavour. We propose to think and act on Tuberculosis at the collective level of reality, through intersectoral actions. We aim at contributing to the current debates on the social determination of Tuberculosis, to inform actions that can significantly reduce the suffering associated to this and other similarly caused diseases.
As organizações da sociedade civil na prevenção das infeções sexualmente transmissíveis em trabalhadoras do sexo, em Portugal
Authors: Maia Marta , Rodrigues Camila
Published: May 2014

Segundo o relatório do Centro Europeu de Prevenção e Controlo das Doenças (ECDC, 2013), que compara dados relativos à prevalência do VIH em trabalhadores do sexo em 27 países da Europa e da Ásia Central, Portugal é o terceiro país com a maior prevalência da infeção entre essa população. A elevada prevalência comparativa da infeção entre os trabalhadores do sexo em Portugal contrasta com o uso reportado de meios de prevenção e diagnóstico. O artigo debruça-se sobre um dos aspetos desse fenómeno: a atividade das organizações da sociedade civil na área da prevenção das infeções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST) em Portugal, de modo a analisar como se relacionam com as trabalhadoras do sexo e concebem as ações de prevenção e o apoio social que lhes dirigem. Essa questão surge como pertinente à medida que a discrepância verificada poderá indicar uma adesão formal (mas não necessariamente real), por parte das trabalhadoras do sexo, a uma retórica socialmente valorizada de prevenção, a qual é canalizada pelas organizações. Esse discurso pode ser por si mais ou menos apreendido, condicionando a implementação prática dos meios de prevenção propostos. Estamos assim perante um potencial fator explicativo a considerar na análise crítica do nível de efetividade dessas ações.
Usos da “Luz” e da “cracolândia”: etnografia de práticas espaciais
Authors: Rui Taniele
Published: May 2014

Introdução: ão há quem, no Brasil, não tenho ouvido falar da “cracolândia” paulistana. Ela é fonte inesgotável de notícias, de histórias e de pânico. A mais famosa territorialidade de uso de crack do país é considerada lugar que se deve evitar, lugar de perigo, lugar degradado. Também de degredo. E, por isso mesmo e em vários aspectos, lugar de grande atração. Pensar sobre ela exige criatividade e rigor. Objetivos: Numa direção contrária às visões alarmistas, esta territorialidade será descrita a partir da sua relação com o entorno, notadamente o bairro da Luz, afastando-se de abordagens que tomam tais espaços como fronteiras impenetráveis, isoladas fisicamente e, pior, moralmente. Procedimentos Metodológicos: Serão destacadas etnograficamente a grande quantidade de pessoas que por ali circula, bem como os distintos usos e práticas espaciais observados. Resultados: com esta etnografia, pretende-se conferir visibilidade às disputas, interações e conexões que fazem uma cidade e contribuir para uma visão acurada desta territorialidade.
Usuário de crack em situações de tratamento: experiências, significados e sentidos
Authors: Paula Milena Lima de , Jorge Maria Salete Bessa , Albuquerque Renata Alves , Queiroz Leonardo Macedo de
Published: May 2014

O consumo de substâncias capazes de alterar o comportamento, a consciência e o humor dos sujeitos é milenar. A família, juntamente com a escola e os amigos, exerce função de socialização primária de crianças e adolescentes e pode funcionar como fator de proteção ou de risco. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar os significados, sentidos e experiências dos familiares relacionados ao usuário de crack em situação de tratamento. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, crítico e reflexivo, realizado com trabalhadores do Centro de Atenção Psicossocial, álcool e outras drogas (CAPSad), bem como usuários de crack em tratamento e seus familiares. Para coleta de dados, utilizou-se a entrevista semiestruturada. Além disso, utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo, a qual possibilitou estabelecer convergências, divergências e complementaridades. Percebe-se que os familiares atribuem sentidos e significados relacionados ao usuário de crack bastante negativos, e isso acontece, muitas vezes, em decorrência de uma relação familiar conflituosa, marcada pela perda de vínculos familiares do usuário. No entanto, quando o familiar passa a ser alvo de intervenções realizadas pelo CAPSad, há uma mudança de significados em relação ao usuário, o que melhora o relacionamento familiar e contribui para a manutenção do tratamento do ente que faz uso de crack. Diante do exposto, conclui-se pela importância de se trabalhar os sentidos e significados dos familiares atribuídos aos usuários de crack em tratamentos relacionados ao uso da droga.