bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Compreensão da vivência da família frente à hospitalização, morte encefálica e entrevista para doação de órgãos/ Understanding the experience of family facing hospitalization, brain death, and donation interview
Authors: Knihs Neide Da Silva , Leitzke Tiago , Roza Bartira De Aguiar , Schirmer Janine , Domingues Tania Arena Moreira
Published: August 2016

O presente estudo buscou compreender a vivência da família no processo de hospitalização do familiar, morte encefálica e entrevista para a doação de órgãos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, descritiva, de natureza qualitativa, com abordagem fenomenológica. Os sujeitos foram 15 famílias de pacientes que tiveram lesão neurológica grave e aguda, evoluíram com diagnóstico de morte encefálica, cujas famílias foram entrevistadas para a doação de órgãos e não a autorizaram. Após análise do material empírico, surgiram duas unidades de significados: (1) Hospitalização; e (2) Entrevista para Decisão sobre Doação. Essas unidades de significados são representadas pelo “impacto da notícia”; “barreiras na comunicação”; “relação com a equipe”; “informação da morte encefálica”; “dor da perda”; “informação sobre doação” e “tomada de decisão”. A trajetória vivenciada pelas famílias é difícil e se faz necessário repensar o atendimento a essas pessoas pelos profissionais de saúde durante esse processo. O tempo entre a comunicação da morte e a informação sobre doação de órgãos é importante para que a família possa organizar seus pensamentos e tomar a melhor decisão. O estudo mostra que esse tempo não foi respeitado.
Adolescentes em hemodiálise: repercussões do adoecimento e tratamento na saúde mental/ Teens in hemodialysis: effects of the illness and treatment in mental health
Authors: Ramos Islane Costa , Braga Violante Augusta Batista , Cavalcante Layana De Paula , De Oliveira Francisca Jane Gomes
Published: August 2016

A pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar as repercussões do adoecimento e tratamento na saúde mental dos adolescentes em hemodiálise. Estudo clínico-qualitativo, realizado em uma clínica de diálise do município de Fortaleza/CE de fevereiro a abril de 2013. Foram utilizados como instrumentos de produção de dados a entrevista semiestruturada e a observação não participante. Participaram da pesquisa oito adolescentes com diagnóstico de insuficiência renal crônica, submetidos ao programa de diálise e selecionados por amostragem intencional. Foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo temática de Bardin. Como resultado das entrevistas, tomando o corpus, emergiram duas categorias: Percepção do adolescente renal crônico em hemodiálise sobre a condição vivenciada: sentimentos e expectativas e Repercussões do tratamento hemodiálitico no estilo de vida e saúde mental dos adolescentes. Os resultados evidenciaram que, para os participantes do estudo, a saúde mental é afetada de forma intensa, pois inclui uma luta constante para superar as transformações ocasionadas pela doença e a necessidade de aprender a lidar com sentimentos que provocam desconforto. Conclui-se que o adoecimento e o tratamento hemodialítico repercutem na saúde mental, mas os efeitos negativos podem ser minimizados com a prestação de um cuidado humanizado e integral.
 Crack e gestão do cuidado no território: desafios no cotidiano do trabalho em saúde mental / Crack and care management in the territory: challenges on work everyday in mental health
Authors: Da Silva Aline Basso , De Pinho Leandro Barbosa
Published: August 2016

Este artigo objetiva analisar os desafios enfrentados por profissionais de saúde mental na gestão do cuidado ao usuário de crack no território. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa e descritiva. O campo de estudo foi um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial álcool e outras drogas (CAPS AD) de uma cidade da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre/RS. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com oito trabalhadores de saúde mental do serviço. Os dados foram analisados a partir da análise de conteúdo modalidade temática. Os resultados apontam dificuldades e limites que são apresentados no cotidiano da atenção em saúde, na gestão dos territórios, no contexto do usuário, na necessidade de delimitação territorial e em atividades que contemplem o saber e o viver do usuário, reforçando a saída do profissional para o espaço comunitário. Aponta-se também a necessidade de uma rede intersetorial fortalecida que se corresponsabilize em conjunto com a atenção em saúde mental, retirando do CAPS a centralidade no cuidado. Conclui-se que a gestão do cuidado no território é multifacetária, sendo realizada também pelo trabalhador no cotidiano do serviço e no contexto das relações dos atores sociais com a trama do território.
Alcoolismo e dinâmica familiar: sentimentos manifestos/ Alcoholism and family dynamics: feelings shown
Authors: Ferraboli Cynthia Raquel , Guimarães Andréa Noeremberg , Kolhs Marta , Galli Kiciosan Da Silva Bernardi , Guimarães Ariane Noeremberg , Schneider Jacó Fernando
Published: August 2016

O álcool é a substância psicoativa mais consumida no Brasil e a estimativa da sua dependência atinge maior população que as outras drogas. O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer os sentimentos manifestos na dinâmica familiar de famílias com um de seus integrantes alcoolista. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, descritivo-exploratório, desenvolvido em 2014, em uma Unidade de Saúde da Família, em Santa Catarina. Os sujeitos foram cinco familiares de alcoolistas, sendo duas esposas, uma mãe, uma irmã e uma filha. A coleta de informações ocorreu por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e a análise a partir da Análise de Conteúdo. Dos resultados, emergiram três categorias: Histórico de dependência e dinâmica familiar com papéis disfuncionais e modelo incongruente; De relações familiares frágeis à violência doméstica; e, Turbilhão de sentimentos da família com membro alcoolista: ilusão, conformismo, dores e medo. As participantes ressaltaram as relações afetivas conflituosas, a convivência com a angústia diante da situação vivenciada e o esforço dos familiares na luta contra a dependência alcoólica. Notou-se que as entrevistas foram momentos nas quais as entrevistadas puderam partilhar suas vivências, sentimentos e percepções sobre como vivem ao lado de um alcoolista. Ressalta-se a necessidade do acompanhamento familiar em situações de dependência de álcool.
Perfil obstétrico de usuárias do Sistema Único de Saúde após implantação da Rede Mãe Paranaense/Obstetric profile of public health system users after implantation of the Network Mother from the State of Paraná-Brazil
Authors: Novaes Elisiane Soares , Oliveira Rosana Rosseto , Melo Emiliana Cristina , Varela Patrícia Louise , Mathias Thais Aidar de Freitas
Published: August 2016

Este estudo teve por objetivo descrever o perfil sociodemográfico e obstétrico das puérperas residentes em Maringá, atendidas pela Rede Mãe Paranaense. Estudo descritivo realizado com 592 puérperas por meio de entrevista, consulta ao cartão da gestante e prontuário hospitalar, entre 2013 e 2014. Encontraram-se, em sua maior parte, mulheres pardas (44,8%), com ensino médio completo (46,1%), a maioria em união estável (86,3%), e ocupação remunerada (52,0%). Das entrevistadas, 67,8% iniciaram precocemente o pré-natal e 74,0% realizaram sete ou mais consultas. Entretanto, apenas 35,3% planejaram a gravidez, 38,3% participaram de grupos de gestantes e 67,7% foram classificadas quanto ao risco gestacional. Das intercorrências na gestação, a infecção do trato urinário (37,3%), anemia (27,2%) e hipertensão arterial (19,3%) foram as mais frequentes. Devido à alta prevalência de gravidez na adolescência (17,2%), parto cesáreo (57,3%), nascimento prematuro (13,7%), e uso de drogas de abuso durante a gestação (20,6%), evidenciou-se a necessidade de direcionamento da atenção, com vistas à promoção da saúde do binômio mãe-filho.
Sobrevivência ao câncer: o desembrulhar dessa realidade/ Cancer survivorship: unwrapping this reality
Authors: De Oliveira Rafaela Azevedo Abrantes , Araujo Jeferson Santos , Da Conceição Vander Monteiro , Zago Márcia Maria Fontão
Published: August 2016

Esse estudo consiste numa reflexão embasada no relatório From Cancer Patient to Cancer Survivor: Lost in Transition e em estudos da literatura que versam sobre o tema. Objetivou-se, portanto, descrever sobre a sobrevivência ao câncer, seus aspectos e conceitos, para proporcionar conhecimento do tema que ainda é pouco estudado no Brasil. Essa reflexão percorreu três tópicos: O que é a sobrevivência ao câncer?; A identidade pós-diagnóstico do câncer. A necessidade de cuidados na sobrevivência ao câncer. A sobrevivência é um conceito subjetivo que representa o processo de viver após o diagnóstico do câncer, com, através e além da doença, perpassando pelas etapas do processo do câncer, remodelando e compreendendo as questões físicas, sociais, psicológicas e o contexto em que o sobrevivente está inserido até alcançar o equilíbrio da vida. É fundamental que a enfermagem adquira o conhecimento da temática e reconheça a importância dos aspectos simbólicos que os sobreviventes atribuem à doença, aos tratamentos e à sobrevivência.
Avaliação de desempenho na opinião da equipe de enfermagem de hospital universitário público/ Performance evaluation under the opinion of the nursing staff from a public university hospital
Authors: Ano Viviane Massumi , Vannuchi Marli Terezinha Oliveira , Haddad Maria do Carmo Fernandez Lourenço , Pissinati Paloma De Souza Cavalcante
Published: August 2016

Objetivou-se conhecer a opinião da equipe de enfermagem de um hospital universitário público sobre o processo de avaliação de desempenho. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com abordagem quantitativa, realizado em hospital universitário do norte do Paraná. A amostra foi composta por 70 participantes, pertencentes às categorias de auxiliares, técnicos de enfermagem e enfermeiros das unidades de internação de adultos e de moléstias infecciosas. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se um instrumento adaptado. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva. A maioria dos participantes demonstrou satisfação com a avaliação de desempenho, entretanto, alguns indivíduos relataram aspectos negativos, dentre os quais o momento de avaliação entre pares. Concluiu-se que o sucesso da avaliação está relacionado ao significado e à satisfação que o participante atribui a esse processo. Quando utilizada de forma adequada, a avaliação de desempenho proporciona benefícios tanto para a instituição quanto para o desenvolvimento profissional e pessoal dos funcionários.
Cotidiano de cuidadores familiares de usuários de álcool que necessitaram de internação em Terapia Intensiva/ The quotidian of family caregivers of alcohol users who required Intensive Care Hospitalization
Authors: Antunes Flávia , Oliveira Magda Lúcia Félix de
Published: August 2016

O objetivo foi descrever o cotidiano do cuidado domiciliar a usuários de álcool, antes e após a internação destes em UTI, praticado por seus cuidadores familiares. Estudo descritivo e exploratório, com dados de uma série de casos de dez pacientes registrados em um Centro de Informação e Assistência Toxicológica do Paraná, no ano de 2011. Realizou-se análise de fichas de ocorrência toxicológica e dos prontuários hospitalares dos pacientes, e entrevistas com seus cuidadores familiares. Os dados foram analisados, utilizando-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo na modalidade Análise Temática. Sete receberam alta hospitalar, com cinco deles apresentando sequelas físicas e psicossociais, e três evoluíram a óbito. Os cuidados prestados aos usuários de álcool imediatamente após a internação em UTI tornaram-se de maior complexidade. Cuidar e co-habitar com usuários dependentes de álcool, era uma situação difícil, pois seus cuidadores muitas vezes estiveram expostos às violências. As famílias dos usuários de álcool sofreram o processo de desestruturação não só pela dependência do álcool no âmbito familiar, mas também pela internação do parente usuário de álcool em terapia intensiva.
 Construção e validação de instrumento avaliativo de programa público de saúde materno-infantil / Construction and validation of a public program of maternal and child health instrument evaluation
Authors: Bratti Frank Bruna Regina , Toso Beatriz Rosana Gonçalves de Oliveira , Viera Claudia Silveira , Guimarães Ana Tereza Bittencourt , Caldeira Sebastião
Published: August 2016

Este artigo apresenta a construção e validação de um Instrumento de Avaliação de Programa Público de Saúde Materno-Infantil. Trata-se de uma pesquisa avaliativa, de abordagem quantitativa, realizada por meio dos Sistemas de Informação em Saúde nos 55 municípios da 9ª, 10ª e 17ª Regionais de Saúde do estado do Paraná, nos dois anos que antecederam e sucederam à implantação do Programa Rede Mãe Paranaense. Para o tratamento dos dados utilizou-se a análise fatorial. O instrumento contemplou 22 variáveis que foram distribuídas em cinco domínios, sendo eles: Consultas e Prevenção Materna, Seguimento da Criança, Gestão, Mortalidade Infantil e Risco. Os resultados apresentados confirmaram a validade e a confiabilidade dos dados, com um alfa de Cronbach de 0,839. O instrumento avaliativo do estudo demonstrou-se útil para a avaliação do Programa Rede Mãe Paranaense e tem o potencial de ser utilizado para outros Programas Públicos de Saúde Materno-Infantis.
 Mal de Simioto: práticas de saúde às crianças no interior do Brasil/Simioto’s disease: health practice for children in the interior of Brazil
Authors: Milcharek William Freire , Mufato Leandro Felipe , Oliveira Daniela Do Carmo
Published: August 2016

O “Mal de Simioto” é uma doença que possui legitimidade popular e que influencia a busca por tratamento para problemas de saúde infantil. Objetivou-se compreender as práticas de saúde relacionadas ao Mal de Simioto em um município no interior do Brasil, na perspectiva dos pais das crianças tratadas. Estudo qualitativo, descritivo, realizado através da obtenção de dados com o uso de questionário semiestruturado com os pais de crianças que foram diagnosticadas e tratadas com o Mal de Simioto. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo. As categorias discutidas foram: A patologia Mal de Simioto e seus aspectos culturais: os sintomas, o diagnóstico, o tratamento e sua indicação e eficácia; Relação entre Mal de Simioto e os cuidados profissionais de saúde; O perfil dos curandeiros ou cuidadores informais e a religiosidade no cuidado ao Mal de Simioto. Concluiu-se que o diagnóstico e o tratamento são práticas baseadas em sintomas que geram um diagnóstico popular. Através da descrição pela perspectiva dos pais, essa prática baseia-se na crença da eficácia do tratamento e é legitimada pelo acolhimento do curandeiro, das orientações e medidas de precaução da doença que são repassadas, entre outros cuidados, além da periodicidade de realização dos banhos.
On the Relationship between Structural-Elastic Properties of Co-Zn Ferrites at 300 K
Authors: Modi Kunal B. , Shah Suraj J. , Kathad Chetan R. , Sonigra Devangi K. , Parmar Hardik P. , Jadhav Kamlakar M.
Published: August 2016

The structural - elastic properties correlations have been studied for polycrystalline spinel ferrite system, ZnxCo1-xFe2O4, x = 0.0-0.6, at 300 K. The cation distribution formulae determined from X-ray diffraction line intensity calculations are used to calculate bulk modulus (Ko) in particular and Young′s modulus (E0), rigidity modulus (G0), longitudinal modulus (L0) and Lame′s constant (λL0) in general. The longitudinal wave velocity (Vl0) and transverse wave velocity (Vso) computed from empirical relation based on X-ray density and mean atomic weight is used to calculate L0 and G0 respectively. The applicability of the heterogeneous metal mixture rule for theoretical estimation of elastic constants has been tested. The results are compared with elastic moduli determined from conventional ultrasonic pulse transmission technique and causes for the observed difference between the two have been discussed.
Theoretical Investigations of Some Physical Properties of HgX (X = S, Se and Te) Semiconducting Compounds
Authors: Jivani A.R. , Baria J.K. , Vyas Paresh S. , Jani Ashvin R.
Published: August 2016

In the present work, we have investigated total energy, bulk modulus, elastic constants, pressure derivatives of elastic constants and pressure derivative of bulk modulus of HgX (X=S, Se and Te) semiconducting compounds using higher-order perturbation scheme with the application of our own proposed model potential. To consider exchange and correlation effect to the dielectric function, the local-field correction function proposed by Farid et al is employed in the present study. In most of the cases the experimental and other theoretical results of the aforesaid physical properties of the HgX are not available in the literature and hence this study provides a better set of theoretical results of the physical properties of the materials for future comparison either with theoretical or experimental results.
Heating Rate and Composition Dependence of Crystallization Temperature of Cu-Based Metallic Glasses
Authors: Kasyap Supriya , Prajapati Sonal , Pratap Arun
Published: August 2016

The variation of onset of crystallization temperature (Tx) and peak crystallization temperature (Tp) with heating rate (q) is studied. Tx and Tp vary in a power law behavior with heating rate (q) for Cu60 Zr20Ti20 metallic glass and these parameters show a linear variation for Cu60Zr40 metallic glass. The power law variation is expressed as Tx (or Tp) = T0 [q]y; where, q is the normalized heating rate, T0 is the Tx (or Tp) at a heating rate of 10Cmin-1. Further, the calculated values of Tx (or Tp) are found to be in good agreement with the experimental results. Hence, the power law relation is found to be an appropriate theoretical expression for the variation of crystallization temperature (Tx or Tp) with heating rate (q) for Cu60 Zr20Ti20 metallic glass. In addition to heating rate, the composition of a metallic glass also affects its crystallization temperature. It is observed that the characteristics temperatures shift towards higher values with increase in number of components.
Ground State and Electronic Properties of Americium (Am) Compounds
Authors: Pataiya Jagdeesh , Aynyas Mahendra , Makode Chandrabhan , Sanyal Sankar P.
Published: August 2016

The ground state and electronic properties of americium pnictides (AmY, Y=N, P) has been calculated with the help of tight binding linear muffin-in-orbital (TB-LMTO) method within the local density approximation (LDA). From present study it is found that AmN and AmP are stable in NaCl – type structure under ambient pressure. The structural stability of AmN and AmP changes under the application of pressure. We predict a structural phase transition from NaCl-type to CsCl-type structure for these Am-pnictides in the pressure range of 36.0 – 47.0 GPa (AmN-AmP). Optimized lattice parameters, transition pressures and bulk modulus were obtained for the first time and analyzed in comparison with the available theoretical and experimental data.
Structural, Electronic and Dynamical Properties of Binary Alloy Zr-Al Using Density Functional Theory
Authors: Kagdada Hardik L. , Trivedi Hiral J. , Pillai Sharad B. , Som Narayan N. , Jha Prafulla K.
Published: August 2016

The structural, electronic, dynamical and thermodynamical properties of binary Zr-Al alloy (Zr3Al) with its end members are studied using the first principles calculations based on density functional theory. We have employed the Perdew-Zunger local density approximation as the exchange correlational functional in these calculations. There is a good agreement between present and available and experimental and other theoretical data. The calculated electronic band structure and density of states suggest that the Zr-Al alloy and its end members are metallic in nature consistent with earlier studies. Full phonon dispersion curves and phonon density of states are also calculated which show the dynamical stability of these compounds at zero pressure. The temperature dependence of the thermodynamical functions are also presented.
Elastic Properties of Zr50Cu43Ag7 Bulk Metallic Glass Using Pseudopotential Theory
Authors: Prakruti Chaudhari , Chauhan Payal N. , Joshi R.H. , Bhatt Nisarg K. , Thakore Brijmohan Y.
Published: August 2016

Using Hubbard-Beeby approach for phonon dynamics, in conjunction with our recently proposed model pseudopotential; phonon frequencies for longitudinal and transverse modes are computed and associated elastic properties of technologically important Zr-based Zr50Cu43Ag7 bulk metallic glass (BMG) are evaluated. Five different forms of the static local field correction functions, viz., Hartree etal. (H), Taylor et al. (T), Ichimaru and Utsumi et al. (IU), Farid et al. (F) and Sarkar et al. (S) are employed to investigate the influence of the screening effect on the vibrational dynamics of Zr50Cu43Ag7 BMG. Results for bulk modulus, modulus of rigidity, Poisson's ratio, Young modulus, propagation velocity of elastic waves and dispersion curves are studied. The theoretical computations are found to be in good agreement with the available experimental results, which confirms the use of our model pseudopotential to study elastic properties of such a glassy system.
Atomic Transport in Liquid Aluminum Using a New Pseudopotential
Authors: Joshi R.H. , Satikunvar D.D. , Bhatt Nisarg K. , Thakore Brijmohan Y. , Jani Ashvin R.
Published: August 2016

A newly proposed pseudopotential has been put forwardwith a novel scheme of determining potential parameters. Based on the criteria that the (i) potential and its first derivative are continuous at the core radius,(ii) exponential decay of columbic tail outside the core and, (iii) non-singular character with finite derivative at r→0; a pseudopotential is designed. Of the total five parameters, only two parameters are independently tuned to cohesive properties at ambient (T = 0 K and zero-pressure) condition, while the remaining three parameters are computed consistently following above mentioned criteria. However in the present study, we have examined the atomic transport properties of liquid phase for the case of aluminum. Results for velocity autocorrelation function (VACF), cosine power spectrum and mean square displacement are evaluated and compared with available MD results. From the computed results for diffusion co-efficient at various temperatures, activation energy is also calculated. Good agreement for diffusion co-efficient and activation energy with experimental findings confirm the transferability of pseudopotential even in the liquid phase.
Allergic Sensitization Underlies Hyperreactive Antigen-Specific CD4+ T Cell Responses in Coincident Filarial Infection
Authors: Gazzinelli-Guimarães Pedro H. , Bonne-Année Sandra , Fujiwara Ricardo T. , Santiago Helton C. , Nutman Thomas B.
Published: August 2016

Among the various hypotheses put forward to explain the modulatory influence of helminth infection on allergic effector responses in humans, the IL-10–induced suppression of Th2-associated responses has been the leading candidate. To explore this helminth/allergy interaction more fully, parasite- and allergen-specific CD4+ T cell responses in 12 subjects with filarial infections, and coincident allergic sensitization (filarial [Fil]+allergy [A]+) were compared with the responses to three appropriate control groups (Fil−A− [n = 13], Fil−A+ [n = 12], Fil+A− [n = 11]). The most important findings revealed that Fil+A+ had marked (p < 0.0001 for all cytokines) increases in parasite Ag-driven Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13), Th9 (IL-9), and the regulatory (IL-10) cytokines when compared with Fil+A−. Moreover, using multiparameter flow cytometry, filarial parasite Ag induced a marked increase in not only the frequency of CD4+ T cells producing IL-4, IL-5, IL-2, and TNF-α in Fil+A+ when compared with Fil+A− patients, but also in the frequencies of polyfunctional Th2-like (CD4+IL-4+IL-5+ and CD4+IL-2+IL-4+IL-5+TNF-α+) cells. The Th2-associated responses seen in the Fil+A+ group were correlated with serum IgE levels (p < 0.01, r = 0.5165 for IL-4; p < 0.001, r = 0.5544 for IL-5; and p < 0.001, r = 0.4901 for IL-13) and levels of circulating eosinophils (p < 0.0116, r = 0.5656) and their degranulation/activation products (major basic protein [p < 0.001, r = 0.7353] and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin [p < 0.01, r = 0.7059]). CD4+ responses to allergen were not different (to a large extent) among the groups. Taken together, our data suggest that allergic sensitization coincident with filarial infection drives parasite Ag-specific T cell hyperresponsiveness, which is characterized largely by an augmented Th2-dominated immune response.
Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) from the eastern Canadian Arctic and subarctic with descriptions of new life stages, a possible new genus, and new geographical records
Authors: Namayandeh A. , Heard K.S. , Luiker E.A. , Culp J.M.
Published: August 2016

Chironomidae larvae constituted the largest proportion of benthic invertebrates collected from 99 rivers stretching from northern Labrador (latitude 58°N) to northern parts of Ellesmere Island (82°N). We describe 92 species of Chironomidae (mainly larval forms) providing new descriptions, a revision for the adult female of Parametriocnemus boreoalpinus Gowin et Thienemann, a possible new genus (larval form only), and 9 larval forms that may represent a new species. In addition, new geographical distribution records are specified for 1 Nearctic species, 6 species in Canada, 10 for Labrador, and 17 for Nunavut. This work contributes to Environment Canada’s International Polar Year output (2007-2009).
Shades of irony in the anti-language of Amos
Authors: Domeris William
Published: August 2016

The rhetoric of Amos includes a wonderful mixture of humour and threat, sarcasm and irony, hyperbole and prediction. Holding the fabric of this conversation together is Amos’s place within the prophetic minority – the Yahweh-only party (his anti-society). Making use of sociolinguistics, and particularly the idea of anti-language, I take a closer look at Amos, including his use of overlexicalisation, insider-humour and all the shades of irony one might expect. Typically of a member of an anti-society, Amos exaggerates the differences between insider and outsider, in this case, speaking of ‘ivory houses’, ‘the cattle of Bashan’ while appealing to his successful attempts to save the rich from the wrath of God. The offenses of the outsiders are sometimes crystal clear and at other times shrouded in metaphor, and so too is the fate of these people. In reading Amos, we are constantly in danger of falling victim to the persuasive power of his rhetoric. We are drawn into the world of Amos, quickly accepting his boundaries and the ideology of his anti-society, his depiction of reality and his stark caricature of the rich. The rhetoric is persuasive and the irony is divisive forcing a choice of black and white, believer and unbeliever, rich and poor, oppressors and oppressed. We struggle to swim against the current and instead long to respond to Amos’s invitation to live (Am 5:5) – perhaps even to discover that elusive hope at which the book hints: Most of history has been the forging of structures of security and appropriate loyalty symbols, to announce and defend one’s personal identity, one’s group, and one’s gender issues and identity. (Rohr 2011:4)
Afrikaners in post-apartheid South Africa: Inward migration and enclave nationalism
Authors: Van der Westhuizen Christi
Published: August 2016

South Africa’s transition to democracy coincided and interlinked with massive global shifts, including the fall of communism and the rise of western capitalist triumphalism. Late capitalism operates through paradoxical global-local dynamics, both universalising identities and expanding local particularities. The erstwhile hegemonic identity of apartheid, ‘the Afrikaner’, was a product of Afrikaner nationalism. Like other identities, it was spatially organised, with Afrikaner nationalism projecting its imagined community (‘the volk’) onto a national territory (‘white South Africa’). The study traces the neo-nationalist spatial permutations of ‘the Afrikaner’, following Massey’s (2005) understanding of space as (1) political, (2) produced through interrelations ranging from the global to micro intimacies, (3) potentially a sphere for heterogeneous co-existence, and (4) continuously created. Research is presented that shows a neo-nationalist revival of ethnic privileges in a defensive version of Hall’s ‘return to the local’ (1997a). Although Afrikaner nationalism’s territorial claims to a nation state were defeated, neo-nationalist remnants reclaim a purchase on white Afrikaans identities, albeit in shrunken territories. This phenomenon is, here, called Afrikaner enclave nationalism. Drawing on a global revamping of race as a category of social subjugation, a strategy is deployed that is here called ‘inward migration’. These dynamics produce a privatised micro-apartheid in sites ranging from homes, to commercial and religious enterprises, to suburbs. Virtual white spaces in the form of Afrikaans media products serve as extensions of these whitened locales. The lynchpin holding it all together is the heteronormative, middle-class family, with consumption the primary mode of the generation of its white comfort zones.
Empowering insight: The role of collaboration in the evolution of intelligence practice
Authors: Fleisher Craig , Hursky Rostyk
Published: August 2016

Background: Though subtle through the years, there has been a perceptible shift in competitive and market intelligence (CMI) practice from that of relying more heavily on sole operators to ones relying on collaboration. It happens within the nature of work performed inside intelligence functions, the larger organisation, and between organisations (i.e., intra-organisational). In this paper, the authors describe the change, develop a three-layered taxonomy for documenting it,and provide examples of how it impacts intelligence practice both now and possibly in the future.Objective: To describe the increasingly evident role of collaboration and collaborative behaviour within insight producing functions in commercial, market-facing organisations. Identify evidence of collaborative intelligence practices in use across a range of different companies, industries, and geographies.Method: The authors used a participant observation approach to developing this research. The discussion and frameworks in this study are based upon the authors’ current roles, experiences and observations in leading a CMI group for a successful provincially based yet globally focused research and technology organisation, and having led interactive workshops and courses for over 100 organisations and approximately 1800 CMI analysts in over a dozen countries.Results: The authors identified an impressive array of collaborative practices for each of the three layers of organisational environments studied. These included ones in (1) intra-process (aka, intelligence cycle) collaboration, (2) intra-organisational collaboration (i.e. within the intelligence and broader organisation) and (3) inter-organisational collaboration (i.e. between discrete organisations). These are illustrated from actual, observed, and ongoing CMI practices and are shared as examples reinforcing our view of the movement away from independent practices and approaches toward purposeful, socialised ones.Conclusion: The evidence we have amassed provides substantial evidence of a notable and beneficial shift from doing intelligence work independently, frequently within silos, towards doing it collaboratively and across multiple types of boundaries. Intelligence practitioners are growing in their capabilities by taking advantage of emerging technologies, adapting practices imported from adjacent fields and benefitting from academic and/or scholarly research that helps push ahead the working boundaries of the field and allows it to make progress. In our view, CMI practice has recently entered a third era of evolution, one in which collaboration will continue to feature prominently, if not centrally.
α-Pinene secondary organic aerosol yields increase at higher relative humidity and low NOx conditions
Authors: Stirnweis Lisa , Marcolli Claudia , Dommen Josef , Barmet Peter , Frege Carla , Platt Stephen M. , Bruns Emily A. , Krapf Manuel , Slowik Jay G. , Wolf Robert , Prévôt Andre S. H. , El-Haddad Imad , Baltensperger Urs
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) yields from the photooxidation of α-pinene were investigated in smog chamber (SC) experiments at low (23–29 %) and high (60–69 %) relative humidity (RH), various NOx/VOC ratios (0.04–3.8) and with different aerosol seed chemical compositions (acidic to neutralized sulfate-containing or hydrophobic organic). A combination of a scanning mobility particle sizer and an Aerodyne high resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer was used to determine SOA mass concentration and chemical composition. We present wall-loss-corrected yields as a function of absorptive masses combining organics and the bound liquid water content. High RH increased SOA yields by up to six times (1.5–6.4) compared to low RH. The yields at low NOx/VOC ratios were in general higher compared to yields at high NOx/VOC ratios. This NOx dependence follows the same trend as seen in previous studies for α-pinene SOA. A novel approach of data evaluation using volatility distributions derived from experimental data served as basis for thermodynamic phase partitioning calculations of model mixtures in this study. These calculations predict liquid-liquid phase separation into organic-rich and electrolyte phases. At low NOx conditions, equilibrium partitioning between the gas and liquid phases can explain most of the increase in SOA yields at high RH. This is indicated by the model results, when in addition to the α-pinene photooxidation products described in the literature, more fragmented and oxidized organic compounds are added to the model mixtures. This increase is driven by both the increase in the absorptive mass due to the additional particulate water and the solution non-ideality described by the activity coefficients. In contrast, at high NOx, equilibrium partitioning alone could not explain the strong increase in the yields with increased RH. This suggests that other processes including the reactive uptake of semi-volatile species into the liquid phase may occur and be enhanced at higher RH, especially for compounds formed under high NOx conditions such as carbonyls.
Directional, Horizontal Inhomogeneities of Cloud Optical Thickness Fields Retrieved from Ground-Based and Airborne Spectral Imaging
Authors: Schäfer Michael , Bierwirth Eike , Ehrlich André , Jäkel Evelyn , Werner Frank , Wendisch Manfred
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Clouds exhibit significant horizontal inhomogeneities of their optical and microphysical properties, which complicate their realistic representation in weather and climate models. In order to investigate the directional, horizontal structure of cloud inhomogeneities, two-dimensional (2D) horizontal fields of optical thickness of subtropical cirrus and Arctic stratus with a spatial resolution of
Tropical and Extratropical predictions of the summer and autumn Niño3.4
Index: a comparison
Authors: Tasambay-Salazar Miguel , OrtizBeviá María José , RuizdeElvira Antonio , Alvarez-García Francisco José
Published: August 2016

Abstract. The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon is the main source of the predictability skill in many regions of the world for seasonal and interannual timescales. Longer lead predictability experiments of Niño3.4 Index using simple statistical linear models have shown an important skill loss at longer lead times when the targeted season is summer or autumn. We develop different versions of the model substituting some its variables with others that contain tropical or extratropical information, produce a number of hindcasts with these models using two different predictions schemes and cross validate them. We have identified different sets of tropical or extratropical predictors, which can provide useful values of potential skill. We try to find out the sources of the predictability by comparing the sea surface temperature (SST) and heat content (HC) anomalous fields produced by the successful predictors for the 1980–2012 period. We observe that where tropical predictors are used the prediction reproduces only the equatorial characteristics of the warming (cooling). However, where extratropical predictors are included, the predictions are able to simulate the absorbed warming in the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ).
Limb–nadir matching using non-coincident NO2 observations: proof of
concept and the OMI-minus-OSIRIS prototype product
Authors: Adams Cristen , Normand Elise N. , McLinden Chris A. , Bourassa Adam E. , Lloyd Nicholas D. , Degenstein Douglas A. , Krotkov Nickolay A. , Belmonte Rivas Maria , Boersma K. Folkert , Eskes Henk
Published: August 2016

Abstract. A variant of the limb–nadir matching technique for deriving tropospheric NO2 columns is presented in which the stratospheric component of the NO2 slant column density (SCD) measured by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) is removed using non-coincident profiles from the Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imaging System (OSIRIS). In order to correct their mismatch in local time and the diurnal variation of stratospheric NO2, OSIRIS profiles, which were measured just after sunrise, were mapped to the local time of OMI observations using a photochemical box model. Following the profile time adjustment, OSIRIS NO2 stratospheric vertical column densities (VCDs) were calculated. For profiles that did not reach down to the tropopause, VCDs were adjusted using the photochemical model. Using air mass factors from the OMI Standard Product (SP), a new tropospheric NO2 VCD product – referred to as OMI-minus-OSIRIS (OmO) – was generated through limb–nadir matching. To accomplish this, the OMI total SCDs were scaled using correction factors derived from the next-generation SCDs that improve upon the spectral fitting used for the current operational products. One year, 2008, of OmO was generated for 60° S to 60° N and a cursory evaluation was performed. The OmO product was found to capture the main features of tropospheric NO2, including a background value of about 0.3 × 1015 molecules cm−2 over the tropical Pacific and values comparable to the OMI operational products over anthropogenic source areas. While additional study is required, these results suggest that a limb–nadir matching approach is feasible for the removal of stratospheric NO2 measured by a polar orbiter from a nadir-viewing instrument in a geostationary orbit such as Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO) or Sentinel-4.
Evaluating the value of a network of cosmic-ray probes for improving land surface modelling
Authors: Baatz R. , Hendricks Franssen Harrie-Jan , Han Xujun , Hoar Tim , Bogena Heye R. , Vereecken Harry
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Land surface models can model matter and energy fluxes between the land surface and atmosphere, and provide a lower boundary condition to atmospheric circulation models. For these applications, accurate soil moisture quantification is highly desirable but not always possible given limited observations and limited subsurface data accuracy. Cosmic-ray probes (CRPs) offer an interesting alternative to indirectly measure soil moisture and provide an observation that can be assimilated into land surface models for improved soil moisture prediction. Synthetic studies have shown the potential to estimate subsurface parameters of land surface models with the assimilation of CRP observations. In this study, the potential of a network of CRPs for estimating subsurface parameters and improved soil moisture states is tested in a real-world case scenario using the local ensemble transform Kalman filter with the Community Land Model. The potential of the CRP network was tested by assimilating CRP-data for the years 2011 and 2012 (with or without soil hydraulic parameter estimation), followed by the verification year 2013. This was done using (i) the regional soil map as input information for the simulations, and (ii) an erroneous, biased soil map. For the regional soil map, soil moisture characterization was only improved in the assimilation period but not in the verification period. For the biased soil map, soil moisture characterization improved in both periods strongly from a ERMS of 0.11 cm3/cm3 to 0.03 cm3/cm3 (assimilation period) and from 0.12 cm3/cm3 to 0.05 cm3/cm3 (verification period) and the estimated soil hydraulic parameters were after assimilation closer to the ones of the regional soil map. Finally, the value of the CRP network was also evaluated with jackknifing data assimilation experiments. It was found that the CRP network is able to improve soil moisture estimates at locations between the assimilation sites from a ERMS of 0.12 cm3/cm3 to 0.06 cm3/cm3 (verification period), but again only if the initial soil map was biased.
Parameterization of the light absorption properties of chromophoric
dissolved organic matter in the Baltic Sea and Pomeranian lakes
Authors: Meler Justyna , Kowalczuk Piotr , Ostrowska Mirosława , Ficek Dariusz , Zabłocka Monika , Zdun Agnieszka
Published: August 2016

Abstract. This study presents three alternative models for estimating the absorption properties of chromophoric dissolved organic matter aCDOM(λ). For this analysis we used a database containing 556 absorption spectra measured in 2006–2009 in different regions of the Baltic Sea (open and coastal waters, the Gulf of Gdańsk and the Pomeranian Bay), at river mouths, in the Szczecin Lagoon and also in three lakes in Pomerania (Poland) – Obłęskie, Łebsko and Chotkowskie. The variability range of the chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) absorption coefficient at 400 nm, aCDOM(400), lay within 0.15–8.85 m−1. The variability in aCDOM(λ) was parameterized with respect to the variability over 3 orders of magnitude in the chlorophyll a concentration Chl a (0.7–119 mg m−3). The chlorophyll a concentration and aCDOM(400) were correlated, and a statistically significant, nonlinear empirical relationship between these parameters was derived (R2 =  0.83). On the basis of the covariance between these parameters, we derived two empirical mathematical models that enabled us to design the CDOM absorption coefficient dynamics in natural waters and reconstruct the complete CDOM absorption spectrum in the UV and visible spectral domains. The input variable in the first model was the chlorophyll a concentration, and in the second one it was aCDOM(400). Both models were fitted to a power function, and a second-order polynomial function was used as the exponent. Regression coefficients for these formulas were determined for wavelengths from 240 to 700 nm at 5 nm intervals. Both approximations reflected the real shape of the absorption spectra with a low level of uncertainty. Comparison of these approximations with other models of light absorption by CDOM demonstrated that our parameterizations were superior (bias from −1.45 to 62 %, RSME from 22 to 220 %) for estimating CDOM absorption in the optically complex waters of the Baltic Sea and Pomeranian lakes.
El Niño, La Niña, and the global sea level budget
Authors: Piecuch Christopher G. , Quinn Katherine J.
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Previous studies show that nonseasonal variations in global-mean sea level (GMSL) are significantly correlated with El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). However, it has remained unclear to what extent these ENSO-related GMSL fluctuations correspond to steric (i.e., density) or barystatic (mass) effects. Here we diagnose the GMSL budget for ENSO events observationally using data from profiling floats, satellite gravimetry, and radar altimetry during 2005–2015. Steric and barystatic effects make comparable contributions to the GMSL budget during ENSO, in contrast to previous interpretations based largely on hydrological models, which emphasize the barystatic component. The steric contributions reflect changes in global ocean heat content, centered on the Pacific. Distributions of ocean heat storage in the Pacific arise from a mix of diabatic and adiabatic effects. Results have implications for understanding the surface warming slowdown and demonstrate the usefulness of the Global Ocean Observing System for constraining Earth's hydrological cycle and radiation imbalance.
Unacceptable but comprehensible: the facilitation effect of resumptive pronouns
Authors: Beltrama Andrea , Xiang Ming
Published: August 2016

It is often assumed in the theoretical syntax literature that intrusive resumptive pronouns can rescue island violations. However, recent experimental investigations did not provide strong evidence for such a rescuing effect. The current study examines intrusive resumption in Italian and English. In four experiments, we show that resumption indeed improves island violation to some degree, but such an effect is sensitive to task and contextual manipulations. In particular, the rescuing effect only surfaces with a comprehensibility but not a traditional acceptability task, and the effect is strongest when the antecedent of the resumptive pronoun is made sali- ent through additional context. At the same time, however, the effect of resumption in longer embedded clauses (compared to shorter ones) is much weaker. We discuss these findings in terms of how resumptive pronouns, although ungrammatical in English, can facilitate parsing in particular yet principled ways.
Jordanian Intensive Care Unit Nurses’ Knowledge of Delirium Recognition
Authors: AbuRuz Mohannad Eid
Published: August 2016

INTRODUCTION: Delirium is a clinical syndrome that negatively affects the outcomes of the intensive care units patients if undetected early and treated well. However, this condition remains under recognized and poorly managed by health care providers including nurses. The objective of this study was to check nurses' knowledge level about delirium recognition.

MATERIALS & METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study on 176 intensive care units nurses working in four major hospitals in Amman, Jordan. Data were collected using a self-reported likert scale questionnaire.

RESULTS: Nurses lack the basic knowledge about delirium recognition; the mean was (52.65 ± 4.99). Older nurses (aged 31 years and above) have significantly higher levels of knowledge regarding delirium recognition compared to younger nurses (mean ± SD, 56.02 ± 18.1 vs. 49.28 ± 12.65, P < .005). Moreover, nurses with longer experience in intensive care units were more knowledgeable about delirium recognition (r=0.73, p <.001).Graduate studies have a positive effect on the knowledge level. Nurses holding master degree have significantly higher levels of knowledge regarding delirium recognition compared to those with Baccalaureate degree; (mean ± SD, 60.28 ± 16.86 vs. 53.0 ± 12.18, P < .005).

CONCLUSION: Delirium is a widespread disorder in the intensive care units. Jordanian nurses lack the basic knowledge regarding essential characteristics of delirium and its recognition. Education of nurses in all care settings is vital and necessary.    