bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A compound optical microresonator design for self-referencing and multiplexed refractive index sensing
Authors: Lu Chunyu , Nikbakht Hamed , Karabiyik Mustafa , Alaydrus Musa , Akca B. Imran
Published: November 2021

We propose a new type of self-referencing and multiplexed refractive index (RI) sensor based on a compound optical microresonator structure consisting of Fabry-Pérot (FP) resonators coupled with microring resonators. The transmission spectra shows resonant features that are superimposed on a background defined by FP oscillations. The resonances have asymmetric Fano-like non-Lorentzian shapes, which are used as sensing peaks, while the FP oscillations are used as reference peaks for internal self-referencing. The sensing peaks shift linearly with the increased RI of the cladding in the microring resonator, while FP peaks stay constant. When the temperature is increased, both the FP peaks and the Fano resonances shift linearly at the same rate, which eliminates the temperature effect on RI measurements. We theoretically analyzed that the two-mirror FP resonator coupled with a single microring resonator and optimized its sensing performance through finite-difference time-domain simulations. A sensitivity value of 220 nm/RIU and a maximum figure of merit of 4400 RIU-1 were achieved. We also proposed two possible multiplexing schemes consisting of two-mirror and three-mirror FP resonators coupled with two microring resonators of different radii. The proposed sensor concept is simple, easy-to-fabricate, self-calibrating and can be used for simultaneous measurements of different samples.
Giant atom-mediated single photon routing between two waveguides
Authors: Wang Chen , Ma Xiao-San , Cheng Mu-Tian
Published: November 2021

In this work, the single photon scattering due to a giant atom coupled with a pair of waveguides is investigated theoretically. Using the real-space Hamiltonian, four scattering amplitudes are obtained, and the single photon routing properties are studied. Calculations reveal that the single photon routing properties are strongly dependent on the size of the giant atom. The possible physical mechanism is also discussed. To improve routing efficiency, the configuration where one waveguide is terminated is further studied. The calculated results indicate that an incident photon can be transferred to the other waveguide with unit efficiency by choosing the appropriate configuration for a fixed size of the giant atom. Our results may be used in quantum information processing and design quantum devices at single-photon level.
Time-frequency analysis of two-photon absorption effect during optical rectification in a ZnTe crystal pumped at 1.024  µm
Authors: Guiramand L. , Ropagnol X. , Blanchard F.
Published: November 2021

Optical rectification in nonlinear crystals is a well-established method for generating terahertz (THz) waves from ultra-short optical pulses. To achieve high conversion efficiency, the phase-matching conditions between the pump pulse and the generated THz wave within the nonlinear medium must be satisfied. For a ytterbium laser operating at 1.024 µm, a severe phase mismatch occurs in the zinc telluride (ZnTe) crystal, preventing the efficient generation of broadband THz pulses. Using time-frequency analysis, we show that the ultrafast charge carrier dynamic, mainly induced by two-photon absorption, generated in the nonlinear medium during optical rectification processes in ZnTe, plays a crucial role in the filtering of the out-of-phase components of the THz signal, thus enabling the recovery of broadband THz pulse generations.
Optical fiber Fabry–Perot interferometer coupled to a 3-D integrated waveguide for 3-D position sensing
Authors: Zhu Chen , Deng Huitong , Ding Zhenming , Huang Jie , Zhang Ziyang
Published: November 2021

Optical fiber extrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometers (EFPIs) have been extensively demonstrated for the measurement of displacement and displacement-related physical quantities, e.g., acceleration, pressure, with high sensitivity and resolution. Despite its wide and successful applications, a conventional EFPI is limited to measuring only one-dimensional (out-of-plane) movement of its external reflector. In this Letter, a new strategy for optical fiber sensing, particularly for EFPI sensing, is proposed and demonstrated, allowing for three-dimensional (3-D) measurements based on a hybrid and compact EFPI device. A 3-D integrated optical waveguide array is aligned against a lead-in optical fiber with an air gap, where an EFPI is formed by the end facet of the optical fiber and the end facet of the waveguide array. As a proof of concept, we experimentally demonstrate that 3-D positioning can be achieved from the EFPI with sub-micron resolution by simultaneously measuring the reflection and transmission of the device. The proposed strategy of using an optical waveguide as an external reflector for an optical fiber EFPI, combined with machine learning-based analysis, opens new avenues in the development of compact yet multi-dimensional sensors.
Late middle Miocene caviomorph rodents from Tarapoto, Peruvian Amazonia
Authors: Boivin Myriam , Marivaux Laurent , Aguirre-Diaz Walter , Benites-Palomino Aldo , Billet Guillaume , Pujos François , Salas-Gismondi Rodolfo , Stutz Narla S. , Tejada-Lara Julia V. , Varas-Malca Rafael M. , Walton Anne H. , Antoine Pierre-Olivier
Published: November 2021

Miocene deposits of South America have yielded several species-rich assemblages of caviomorph rodents. They are mostly situated at high and mid- latitudes of the continent, except for the exceptional Honda Group of La Venta, Colombia, the faunal composition of which allowed to describe the late middle Miocene Laventan South American Land Mammal Age (SALMA). In this paper, we describe a new caviomorph assemblage from TAR-31 locality, recently discovered near Tarapoto in Peruvian Amazonia (San Martín Department). Based on mammalian biostratigraphy, this single-phased locality is unambiguously considered to fall within the Laventan SALMA. TAR-31 yielded rodent species found in La Venta, such as the octodontoid Ricardomys longidens Walton, 1990 (nom. nud.), the chinchilloids Microscleromys paradoxalis Walton, 1990 (nom. nud.) and M. cribriphilus Walton, 1990 (nom. nud.), or closely-related taxa. Given these strong taxonomic affinities, we further seize the opportunity to review the rodent dental material from La Venta described in the Ph.D. volume of Walton in 1990 but referred to as nomina nuda. Here we validate the recognition of these former taxa and provide their formal description. TAR-31 documents nine distinct rodent species documenting the four extant superfamilies of Caviomorpha, including a new erethizontoid: Nuyuyomys chinqaska gen. et sp. nov. These fossils document the most diverse caviomorph fauna for the middle Miocene interval of Peruvian Amazonia to date. This rodent discovery from Peru extends the geographical ranges of Ricardomys longidens, Microscleromys paradoxalis, and M. cribriphilus, 1,100 km to the south. Only one postcranial element of rodent was unearthed in TAR-31 (astragalus). This tiny tarsal bone most likely documents one of the two species of Microscleromys and its morphology indicates terrestrial generalist adaptations for this minute chinchilloid.
Effects of sustained weight loss on outcomes associated with obesity comorbidities and healthcare resource utilization
Authors: Wood G. Craig , Bailey-Davis Lisa , Benotti Peter , Cook Adam , Dove James , Mowery Jacob , Ramasamy Abhilasha , Iyer Neeraj , Smolarz B. Gabriel , Kumar Neela , Still Christopher D.
Published: November 2021

Objective

Determine the impact of long-term non-surgical weight loss maintenance on clinical relevance for osteoarthritis, cancer, opioid use, and depression/anxiety and healthcare resource utilization.

Methods

A cohort of adults receiving primary care within Geisinger Health System between 2001–2017 was retrospectively studied. Patients with ≥3 weight measurements in the two-year index period and obesity at baseline (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) were categorized: Obesity Maintainers (reference group) maintained weight within +/-3%; Weight Loss Rebounders lost ≥5% body weight in year one, regaining ≥20% of weight loss in year two; Weight Loss Maintainers lost ≥5% body weight in year one, maintaining ≥80% of weight loss. Association with development of osteoarthritis, cancer, opioid use, and depression/anxiety, was assessed; healthcare resource utilization was quantified. Magnitude of weight loss among maintainers was evaluated for impact on health outcomes.

Results

In total, 63,567 patients were analyzed including 67% Obesity Maintainers, 19% Weight Loss Rebounders, and 14% Weight Loss Maintainers; median follow-up was 9.7 years. Time until osteoarthritis onset was delayed for Weight Loss Maintainers compared to Obesity Maintainers (Logrank test p <0.0001). Female Weight Loss Maintainers had a 19% and 24% lower risk of developing any cancer (p = 0.0022) or obesity-related cancer (p = 0.0021), respectively. No significant trends were observed for opioid use. Weight loss Rebounders and Maintainers had increased risk (14% and 25%) of future treatment for anxiety/depression (both <0.0001). Weight loss maintenance of >15% weight loss was associated with the greatest decrease in incident osteoarthritis. Healthcare resource utilization was significantly higher for Weight Loss Rebounders and Maintainers compared to Obesity Maintainers. Increased weight loss among Weight Loss Maintainers trended with lower overall healthcare resource utilization, except for hospitalizations.

Conclusions

In people with obesity, sustained weight loss was associated with greater clinical benefits than regained short-term weight loss and obesity maintenance. Higher weight loss magnitudes were associated with delayed onset of osteoarthritis and led to decreased healthcare utilization.
Cognitive performance in pain is predicted by effort, not goal desire
Authors: Pickering Jayne , Attridge Nina , Inglis Matthew
Published: November 2021

Background

Pain’s disruptive effects on cognition are well documented. The seminal goal-pursuit account of pain suggests that cognitive disruption is less likely if participants are motivated to attended to a focal goal and not a pain goal.

Objectives

Existing theory is unclear about the conceptualisation and operationalisation of ‘focal goal’. This study aims to clarify how goals should be conceptualised and further seeks to test the theory of the goal-pursuit account.

Methods

In a pre-registered laboratory experiment, 56 participants completed an arithmetic task in high-reward/low-reward and pain/control conditions. Pain was induced via cold-water immersion.

Results

High levels of reported effort exertion predicted cognitive-task performance, whereas desire for rewards did not. Post-hoc analyses further suggest that additional effort in the pain condition compensated for pain’s disruptive effects, but when this extra effort was not exerted, performance deficits were observed in pain, compared to control, conditions.

Conclusion

Results suggest that ‘motivation’, or commitment to a focal goal, is best understood as effort exertion and not as a positive desire to achieve a goal. These results solidify existing theory and aid researchers in operationalising these constructs.
Computer tomography guided thoracoscopic resection of small pulmonary nodules in the hybrid theatre
Authors: Karampinis Ioannis , Rathmann Nils , Kostrzewa Michael , Diehl Steffen J. , Schoenberg Stefan O. , Hohenberger Peter , Roessner Eric D.
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Thoracic surgeons are currently asked to resect smaller and deeper lesions which are difficult to detect thoracoscopically. The growing number of those lesions arises both from lung cancer screening programs and from follow-up of extrathoracic malignancies. This study analyzed the routine use of a CT-aided thoracoscopic approach to small pulmonary nodules in the hybrid theatre and the resulting changes in the treatment pathway.

Methods

50 patients were retrospectively included. The clinical indication for histological diagnosis was suspected metastasis in 46 patients. Technically, the radiological distance between the periphery of the lesion and the visceral pleura had to exceed the maximum diameter of the lesion for the patient to be included. A spiral wire was placed using intraoperative CT-based laser navigation to guide the thoracoscopic resection.

Results

The mean diameter of the lesions was 8.4 mm (SD 4.27 mm). 29.4 minutes (SD 28.5) were required on average for the wire placement and 42.3 minutes (SD 20.1) for the resection of the lesion. Histopathology confirmed the expected diagnosis in 30 of 52 lesions. In the remaining 22 lesions, 9 cases of primary lung cancer were detected while 12 patients showed a benign disease.

Conclusion

Computer tomography assisted thoracoscopic surgery (CATS) enabled successful resection in all cases with minimal morbidity. The histological diagnosis led to a treatment change in 42% of the patients. The hybrid-CATS technique provides good access to deeply located small pulmonary nodules and could be particularly valuable in the emerging setting of lung cancer screening.
TG2-gluten complexes as antigens for gluten-specific and transglutaminase-2 specific B cells in celiac disease
Authors: Lindstad Christian B. , Dewan Alisa E. , Stamnaes Jorunn , Sollid Ludvig M. , du Pré M. Fleur
Published: November 2021

A hallmark of celiac disease is the gluten-dependent production of antibodies specific for deamidated gluten peptides (DGP) and the enzyme transglutaminase 2 (TG2). Both types of antibodies are believed to result from B cells receiving help from gluten-specific CD4+T cells and differentiating into antibody-producing plasma cells. We have here studied the collaboration between DGP- and TG2-specific B cells with gluten-specific CD4+T cells using transgenic mice expressing celiac patient-derived T-cell and B-cell receptors, as well as between B-cell transfectants and patient-derived gluten-specific T-cell clones. We show that multivalent TG2-gluten complexes are efficient antigens for both TG2-specific and DGP-specific B cells and allow both types of B cells to receive help from gluten-specific T cells of many different specificities.
What will you want tomorrow? Children—But not adults- mis-predict another person’s future desires
Authors: Martin-Ordas Gema , Atance Cristina M.
Published: November 2021

Young children have difficulty predicting a future physiological state that conflicts with their current state. This finding is explained by the fact that children are biased by their current state (e.g., thirsty and desiring water) and thus have difficulty imagining themselves in a different state (e.g., not thirsty and desiring pretzels) “tomorrow,” for example. Another potential explanation that we explore here is that young children have difficulty understanding how physiological states, like thirst, fluctuate over time. We asked 3-, 4- and 5-year-olds (Experiment 1) and adults (Experiment 2) to predict what a thirsty Experimenter–who preferred crisps to water—would want (“water” or “crisps”) “right now” and “tomorrow.” Only adults correctly predicted someone else’s future desires when this person’s future and current desires conflicted. In contrast, both adults and children in the control groups (in which the Experimenter was not thirsty) had no difficulty predicting that the Experimenter would want crisps “right now” and “tomorrow.” Our findings suggest that children’s difficulty predicting future desires cannot solely be attributed to their being biased by their current state since the children in our study were, themselves, not thirsty. We discuss our results in the context of children’s difficulty understanding fluctuations in physiological states.
On the stability of queues with the dropping function
Authors: Chydzinski Andrzej
Published: November 2021

In this paper, the stability of the queueing system with the dropping function is studied. In such system, every incoming job may be dropped randomly, with the probability being a function of the queue length. The main objective of the work is to find an easy to use condition, sufficient for the instability of the system, under assumption of Poisson arrivals and general service time distribution. Such condition is found and proven using a boundary for the dropping function and analysis of the embedded Markov chain. Applicability of the proven condition is demonstrated on several examples of dropping functions. Additionally, its correctness is confirmed using a discrete-event simulator.
Barriers and facilitators to physical activity in second-generation British Indian women: A qualitative study
Authors: Bhatnagar Prachi , Foster Charlie , Shaw Alison
Published: November 2021

Aim

To understand the barriers to and motivations for physical activity among second-generation British Indian women.

Subject

Approximately 50% of British South Asians are UK-born, and this group is increasing as the second-generation also have children. Previous research into the barriers to and facilitators for physical activity has focused on migrant, first-generation populations. Qualitative research is needed to understand a) how we might further reduce the gap in physical activity levels between White British women and British Indian women and b) the different approaches that may be required for different generations.

Methods

Applying a socioecological model to take into account the wider social and physical contexts, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 28 Indian women living in Manchester, England. Interviews with first-generation British Indian women were also included to provide a comparator. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, thematically coded and analysed using a grounded theory approach.

Results

Ways of socialising, concerns over appearance while being physically active, safety concerns and prioritising educational attainment in adolescence were all described as barriers to physical activity in second-generation British Indian women. Facilitators for physical activity included acknowledging the importance of taking time out for oneself; religious beliefs and religious groups promoting activity; being prompted by family illness; positive messages in both the media and while at school, and having local facilities to use.

Conclusions

Barriers to physical activity in second-generation Indian women were very similar to those already reported for White British women. Public health measures aimed at women in the general population may also positively affect second-generation Indian women. First-generation Indian women, second-generation children and Muslim women may respond better to culturally tailored interventions.
Loss of ten-eleven translocation 1 (TET1) expression as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Liu Nien-Tzu , Perng Cherng-Lih , Chou Yu-Ching , Ko Pi-Shao , Lin Yi-Jia , Lin Yu-Chun , Chang Cheng-Chang , Wang Yu-Chi , Shang Hung-Sheng , Chao Tai-Kuang
Published: November 2021

Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the most common gynecological cancer. However, there is currently no routinely used biomarker for differential diagnosis of malignant and premalignant endometrial lesions. Ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins, especially TET1, were found to play a significant role in DNA demethylation, via conversion of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC). TET1, 5-mC, and 5-hmC expression profiles in endometrial carcinogenesis are currently unclear. We conducted a hospital-based retrospective review of the immunohistochemical expression of TET1, 5-mC, and 5-hmC in 181 endometrial samples. A “high” TET1 and 5-hmC expression score was observed in all cases of normal endometrium (100.0% and 100.0%, respectively) and in most samples of endometrial hyperplasia without atypia (90.9% and 78.8%, respectively) and atypical hyperplasia (90.6% and 93.8%, respectively), but a “high” score was found in only less than half of the EC samples (48.8% and 46.5%, respectively). The TET1 and 5-hmC expression scores were significantly higher in normal endometrium and premalignant endometrial lesions than in ECs (p < 0.001). A “high” 5-mC expression score was observed more frequently for ECs (81.4%) than for normal endometrium (40.0%), endometrial hyperplasia without atypia (51.5%), and atypical hyperplasia (53.1%) (p < 0.001). We also found that TET1 mRNA expression was lower in ECs compared to normal tissues (p = 0.0037). TET1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) scores were highly proportional to the TET1 mRNA levels and we summarize that the TET1 IHC scoring can be used for biomarker determinations. Most importantly, a higher TET1 score in EC cases was associated with a good overall survival (OS) rate, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.31 for death (95% confidence interval: 0.11–0.84). Our findings suggest that TET1, 5-mC, and 5-hmC expression is a potential histopathology biomarker for the differential diagnosis of malignant and premalignant endometrial lesions. TET1 is also a potential prognostic marker for EC.
Optimized extraction of polyphenolic antioxidants from the leaves of Himalayan Oak species
Authors: Pandey Aseesh , Belwal Tarun , Tamta Sushma , Rawal Ranbeer S.
Published: November 2021

In this study heat-assisted extraction conditions were optimized to enhance extraction yield of antioxidant polyphenols from leaves of HimalayanQuercusspecies. In initial experiments, a five-factor Plackett-Burman design including 12 experimental runs was tested against the total polyphenolic content (TP). Amongst, XA: extraction temperature, XC: solvent concentration and XE: sample-to-solvent ratio had shown significant influence on yield. These influential factors were further subject to a three-factor-three-level Box-Wilson Central Composite Design; including 20 experimental runs and 3D response surface methodology plots were used to determine optimum conditions [i.e. XA: (80°C), XC:(87%), XE: (1g/40ml)].This optimized condition was further used in otherQuercusspecies of western Himalaya, India. The High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) revealed occurrence of 12 polyphenols in six screenedQuercusspecies with the highest concentration of catechin followed by gallic acid. Amongest,Q.franchetiiandQ.serratashared maximum numbers of polyphenolic antioxidants (8 in each). This optimized extraction condition ofQuercusspecies can be utilized for precise quantification of polyphenols and their use in pharmaceutical industries as a potential substitute of synthetic polyphenols.
Assessment of knowledge of drug-food interactions among healthcare professionals in public sector hospitals in eThekwini, KwaZulu-Natal
Authors: Osuala Emmanuella Chinonso , Tlou Boikhutso , Ojewole Elizabeth Bolanle
Published: November 2021

Background

Foods and the nutrients they contain can interact with drugs and thereby interfere with their therapeutic safety and efficacy. Adequate knowledge of healthcare professionals (HCPs) about drug-food interactions can help in preventing potential drug-food interactions among patients. This study aimed to assess the knowledge of HCPs about common drug-food interactions.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was carried out among 459 HCPs from three public hospitals in eThekwini district, KwaZulu-Natal between November 2018, and January 2019. Informed consent was obtained from the HCPs, and a structured questionnaire was thereafter administered. Data were analysed using SPSS® version 25. Factors associated with knowledge of the HCPs were determined using logistic regression analysis.

Results

Of the 459 participants, 22.2% (n = 102) were doctors, 11.3% (n = 52) pharmacists, 63.8% (n = 293) nurses and 2.6% (n = 12) dietitians. Most of the HCPs were females 79.7% (n = 366), the mean age of the HCPs was 38.61±0.48. The knowledge score of the HCPs was 22.66±0.25 out of an overall score of 46. The HCPs poorly identified food types that interact with drugs and correct administration time of drugs relative to meals. Being a pharmacist (OR: 14.212, CI: 4.941–40.879, p<0.001), doctor (OR: 5.223, CI: 2.146–12.711, p<0.001), or a dietitian (OR: 5.476, CI: 1.103–27.191, p = 0.038) was associated with higher knowledge of drug-food interactions.

Conclusion

The HCPs in this survey had low drug-food interaction knowledge. These findings suggest the need for additional training and educational courses for the HCPs on drug-food interactions.
The chitinolytic activity of the Curtobacterium sp. isolated from field-grown soybean and analysis of its genome sequence
Authors: Dimkić Ivica , Bhardwaj Vibha , Carpentieri-Pipolo Valeria , Kuzmanović Nemanja , Degrassi Giuliano
Published: November 2021

Curtobacteriumsp. GD1 was isolated from leaves of conventionally grown soybean in Brazil. It was noteworthy that among all bacteria previously isolated from the same origin, onlyCurtobacteriumsp. GD1 showed a strong chitinase activity. The enzyme was secreted and its production was induced by the presence of colloidal chitin in the medium. The chitinase was partially purified and characterized: molecular weight was approximately 37 kDa and specific activity 90.8 U/mg. Furthermore,Curtobacteriumsp. GD1 genome was sequenced and analyzed. Our isolate formed a phylogenetic cluster with four otherCurtobacteriumspp. strains, with ANIb/ANIm ≥ 98%, representing a new, still non describedCurtobacteriumspecies. The circular genome visualization and comparison of genome sequences of strains forming new cluster indicated that most regions within their genomes were highly conserved. The gene associated with chitinase production was identified and the distribution pattern of glycosyl hydrolases genes was assessed. Also, genes associated with catabolism of structural carbohydrates such as oligosaccharides, mixed polysaccharides, plant and animal polysaccharides, as well as genes or gene clusters associated with resistance to antibiotics, toxic compounds and auxin biosynthesis subsystem products were identified. The abundance of putative glycosyl hydrolases in the genome ofCurtobacteriumsp. GD1 suggests that it has the tools for the hydrolysis of different polysaccharides. Therefore,Curtobacteriumsp. GD1 isolated from soybean might be a bioremediator, biocontrol agent, an elicitor of the plant defense responses or simply degrader.
Predicting increases in COVID-19 incidence to identify locations for targeted testing in West Virginia: A machine learning enhanced approach
Authors: Price Bradley S. , Khodaverdi Maryam , Halasz Adam , Hendricks Brian , Kimble Wesley , Smith Gordon S. , Hodder Sally L.
Published: November 2021

During the COVID-19 pandemic, West Virginia developed an aggressive SARS-CoV-2 testing strategy which included utilizing pop-up mobile testing in locations anticipated to have near-term increases in SARS-CoV-2 infections. This study describes and compares two methods for predicting near-term SARS-CoV-2 incidence in West Virginia counties. The first method, Rt Only, is solely based on producing forecasts for each county using the daily instantaneous reproductive numbers, Rt. The second method, ML+Rt, is a machine learning approach that uses a Long Short-Term Memory network to predict the near-term number of cases for each county using epidemiological statistics such as Rt, county population information, and time series trends including information on major holidays, as well as leveraging statewide COVID-19 trends across counties and county population size. Both approaches used daily county-level SARS-CoV-2 incidence data provided by the West Virginia Department Health and Human Resources beginning April 2020. The methods are compared on the accuracy of near-term SARS-CoV-2 increases predictions by county over 17 weeks from January 1, 2021- April 30, 2021. Both methods performed well (correlation between forecasted number of cases and the actual number of cases week over week is 0.872 for the ML+Rt method and 0.867 for the Rt Only method) but differ in performance at various time points. Over the 17-week assessment period, the ML+Rt method outperforms the Rt Only method in identifying larger spikes. Results show that both methods perform adequately in both rural and non-rural predictions. Finally, a detailed discussion on practical issues regarding implementing forecasting models for public health action based on Rt is provided, and the potential for further development of machine learning methods that are enhanced by Rt.
Evaluation of health benefits of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) isolates using in vitro antiinflammatory and antioxidant assays
Authors: Dissanayake Amila A. , Wagner C. Michael , Nair Muraleedharan G.
Published: November 2021

Sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), a parasitic fish which survives on blood of other fishes, is consumed as a delicacy in many countries. Our earlier studies on sea lamprey compounds that showed potential to deter adult sea lampreys yielded several sterols, glycerides, free fatty acids, amino acids, organic acids and nitrogenous compounds. Therefore, this study was to assess the health-benefits of these compounds including additional isolates from HPLC fractions that kept aside due to lack of activity in sea lamprey deterrent assays. In vitro cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and -2) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) inhibitory assays, respectively, were used to determine antiinflammatory and antioxidant activities. Among the tested sterols, cholesteryl eicosapentaenoate and cholesteryl arachidonate exhibited IC50 values of 14.6 and 17.7 μg/mL for COX-1 and 17.3 and 20.8 μg/mL for COX-2, respectively. Cholesteryl palmitate and cholesteryl oleate showed moderate COX-1 and COX-2 enzyme inhibition at 25 μg/mL. Amino acids arginine, tyrosine, glutamic acid, tryptophan and asparagine also showed moderate COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition at the same concentration. Among the twelve new isolates from fractions that we did not investigate earlier, a novel uracil derivative petromyzonacil showed COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition at 25 μg/mL by 35 and 15%, respectively. Cholesterol esters tested at 25 μg/mL exhibited LPO inhibition between 38 and 82 percent. Amino acids cysteine, methionine, aspartic acid, threonine, tryptophan, histidine, glutamic acid, phenylalanine and tyrosine at 25 μg/mL showed LPO inhibition between 37 and 58% and petromyzonacil by 32%. These assay results indicate that consumption of sea lamprey offer health-benefits in addition to nutritional benefits.
Mapping her-self: ‘Ma and Da’, Small Deaths, Gasman and the ‘mobile home’
Authors: Quigley Paula
Published: November 2021

Challenging the view of home as the very opposite of voyage, Giuliana Bruno suggests that houses and films share certain similarities insofar as both could be considered inherently mobile sights/sites of passage. Taking this as a starting point, this article considers the ways in which the vignette and the short film act as a vehicle for the young girl’s ‘domestic travel’ in Lynne Ramsay’s ‘Ma and Da’ from Small Deaths (1996) and Gasman (1998).
Mathematical modelling of flow and sediment transport – the Tisa dam case study
Authors: Lakusic Stjepan
Published: November 2021

High flow velocities downstream of the Tisa Dam at Novi Bečej (Serbia), produced by the large difference between water levels in the upstream and downstream reaches, cause bank erosion by the right bank immediately downstream of the emergency spillway, threatening stability of the dam itself. Due to complex interaction between the parameters of flow and sediment transport at the given location, an approach involving a spatial (3D) mathematical model of flow and sediment transport, aimed at solving such complex processes, is investigated in this paper. An optimum solution meeting all requirements for the stability of structures in question has been reached by the model, through comparison of the results generated by the existing conditions with the result provided by the measures proposed to fix the problems.
The Professional Identity: Concept and Significance for Improving the Efficiency of Education of Law Students
Authors: Kalashnik Natalya , Neimark Maria , Kiseleva Elena
Published: November 2021

The article deals with the problem of forming the professional identity of law students. Domestic and foreign approaches to the definition of the concept of "professional identity" are analyzed, the authors’ definition of professional identity is proposed. It is justified that an important condition for the formation of the professional identity of law students is their inclusion in real professional activities, interaction with representatives of various legal professions and persons interested in obtaining legal assistance. This organization of the educational process allows you to study the peculiarities of activity in the performance of duties in various legal specialties, which contributes to the formation of professional identity. The main stages of the development of professional identity fall on the period of study at the university, while practical training of students plays an important role, as a form of organizing educational process when mastering of  the educational program happens in the invironment where students perform certain types of work related to future professional work and aimed at the formation, consolidation, development of practical skills and competencies in the profile of the corresponding educational program. Based on the analysis of normative legal acts, an option is proposed to implement practice-based training of students, which allows you to study the content of various legal specialties. It is noted that such development of the educational process will allow students to choose preferred options for legal work, which will ultimately contribute to successful professional growth. It was established that strengthening the practical-oriented part of the educational process in universities will eliminate the existing systemic gap between the level of qualifications of students during study and the degree of effectiveness of their subsequent professional identity as an important condition for the correct choice of the professional sphere.
OPINION OF EXPERTS OF PRIMORSKY REGION ON RETURN MIGRATION IN THE REGION (ON THE MATERIALS OF SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH)
Authors: Shakhova Ekaterina V.
Published: November 2021

Return migration of the population is one of the ways to solve the demographic crisis both in the Primorsky Territory and throughout the country. In this regard, the study of these issues is currently relevant. The article presents the results of an expert survey in the Primorsky Territory, conducted in 2020-2021. research team of Altai State University, with the participation of the author. The purpose of this work is to analyze the expert opinion on the processes of return migration in the Primorsky Territory. The article presents the opinion of experts on the risks associated with migration of the population in Russia. The migration situation in the Primorsky Territory, represented by the outflow of the local population, is described. The region, according to expert opinion, is not attractive for the return of migrants from other countries, cases of return migration are not common; certain measures are needed to attract and reintegrate returning migrants. The opinion of experts is presented, according to which it is necessary to provide support and provide benefits for resettlement, first of all, to the former citizens of the USSR, while it is important to develop the economic direction of reintegration. The scientific novelty of the work lies in providing the current opinion of the expert community on the issues of return migration of the population in the Primorsky Territory. The practical significance of the work is associated with the analysis of the necessary measures aimed at attracting and reintegrating returning migrants.
A márkaérték hatása a részvényárfolyamra a nemzetközi bankszektorban
Authors: Takács András
Published: November 2021

E tanulmány az egy részvényre vetített márkaérték és a részvényárfolyam összefüggését vizsgálja a nemzetközi bankszektorban. A szerző egy 51 vállalat-évből álló mintán két regressziós modellt tesztel, melyekben magyarázó változóként a Millward Brown tanácsadó cég által közzétett márkaérték, eredményváltozóként pedig az egyidejű, illetve az egy évvel későbbi átlagos részvényárfolyam szerepel. Az eredmények arról tanúskodnak, hogy a részvényegységre vetített becsült márkaérték mind az egyidejű, mind a jövőbeli árfolyammal erős sztochasztikus kapcsolatban van 70%, illetve 67% magyarázó erővel, ami rávilágít arra, hogy a magas márkaérték nemcsak rövid, hanem hosszabb távon is pozitív hatást tesz a vállalat tőzsdei teljesítményére. E cikk hozzájárulása a szakirodalomhoz elsősorban a speciális iparági nézőpontjában rejlik, a korábbi hazai publikációk között a nemzetközi bankszektorra irányuló hasonló vizsgálat a szerző tudomása szerint nem található. Az eredmények (melyeket a minta összetétele alapján földrajzi elhelyezkedéstől függetlennek, így hazai környezetben is relevánsnak tekinthetünk) hasznos információval szolgálhatnak banki menedzserek számára, hiszen láthatóvá teszik a hatékony márkamenedzsment pozitív pénzügyi hatásait.
Pénzügyi attitűd és a „külső-belső kontroll” összefüggésrendszere
Authors: Mihály Nikolett , Mészáros Aranka , Kovács Ildikó Éva , Madarász Imre , Horváth Csaba
Published: November 2021

A szerzők tanulmányukban egyetemisták „kontrollosságának” bizonyos magyarázó tényezőit és pénzügyi vonatkozású következményeit térképezik fel. A kontroll arra vonatkozik, hogy mennyire érzi magát felelősnek az egyén a vele történtekért, illetve mennyiben tulajdonítja azokat külső tényezőknek. (Általános megfogalmazásban: belső kontrollosnak nevezzük azt a személyt, aki a pozitív vagy negatív eseményeket úgy észleli, mint a saját viselkedésének kontrollálható következményeit. Ezzel szemben a külső kontrollos személyiség úgy észleli a pozitív vagy negatív kimenetelű eseményeket, mint amelyek nincsenek öszszefüggésben a viselkedésbeli megnyilvánulásokkal, személyiségbeli tényezőkkel.) Empirikus eredményeik (n=305) azt mutatják, hogy az „önfenntartók”, az idősebbek és/vagy a magasabb iskolai végzettségűek és a magasabb jövedelműek jobban jellemezhetők a belső kontrollos személyiségjeggyel. Az e csoportba tartozók inkább takarékoskodnak, mernek hitelt felvenni, és ha már van adósságuk, akkor az kevésbé nyomasztja őket, mint a külső kontrollos hallgatókat. A tanulmány hasznos lehet azok számára, akik mélyebben meg akarják ismerni a „külső/belső kontroll” fogalompár lényegét, a belső kontrolljegy erősítésének hasznosságát és lehetőségeit.
Long-Term Statin Use, Total Cholesterol Level, and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zhang Yin , Wu Kana , Chan Andrew T. , Meyerhardt Jeffrey A. , Giovannucci Edward L.
Published: November 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Statin use has been examined as a potential chemopreventive strategy against colorectal cancer (CRC). Previous studies have not been able to investigate this topic with adequate follow-up time or disentangle the effects of statin use and total cholesterol level. We investigated prospectively this topic.

METHODS:

Eligible participants (100,300 women and 47,991 men) in the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study were followed for up to 24 years. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals.

RESULTS:

We documented 2,924 incident CRC cases during follow-up. In fully adjusted analyses, longer duration of statin use was associated with higher risk of colon cancer (hazard ratios, the 95% confidence interval was 1.09, 0.95–1.25 for 1–5 years; 1.16, 0.99–1.36 for 6–10 years; 1.08, 0.81–1.44 for 11–15 years; 1.85, 1.30–2.61 for >15 years; vs never users, P = 0.004 for trend) rather than rectal cancer. The risk elevation was driven by proximal colon cancer (1.16, 0.98–1.38 for 1–5 years; 1.19, 0.98–1.45 for 6–10 years; 1.25, 0.89–1.74 for 11–15 years; 2.17, 1.46–3.24 for >15 years; vs never users, P = 0.001 for trend) rather than distal colon cancer. The results remained robust in analyses among participants with hypercholesterolemia or who never received screening. Total cholesterol level was not associated with CRC risk.

DISCUSSION:

This study does not support benefit of statin use in CRC chemoprevention or any association between total cholesterol level and CRC risk. On the contrary, long-term statin use may be associated with increased colon cancer risk (driven by proximal colon cancer).
Improved bathymetry leads to >4,000 new seamount predictions in the global ocean – but beware of phantom seamounts!
Authors: Yesson Chris , Letessier Tom , Nimmo-Smith Alex , Hosegood Phil , Brierley Andrew , Hardouin Marie , Proud Roland
Published: November 2021

Seamounts are important marine habitats that are hotspots of species diversity. Relatively shallow peaks, increased productivity and offshore locations make seamounts vulnerable to human impact and difficult to protect. Present estimates of seamount numbers vary from anywhere between 10,000 to more than 60,000. Seamount locations can be estimated by extracting large, cone-like features from bathymetry grids (based on criteria of size and shape). These predicted seamounts are a useful reference for marine researchers and can help direct exploratory surveys. However, these predictions are dependent on the quality of the surveys underpinning the bathymetry. Historically, quality has been patchy, but is improving as mapping efforts step up towards the target of complete seabed coverage by 2030.This study presents an update of seamount predictions based on SRTM30 PLUS global bathymetry version 11 and examine a potential source of error in these predictions. This update was prompted by a seamount survey in the British Indian Ocean Territory in 2016, where locations of two putative seamounts were visited. These ‘seamounts’ were targeted based on previous predictions, but these features were not detected during echosounder surveys. An examination of UK hydrographic office navigational (Admiralty) charts for the area showed that the summits of these putative features had soundings reporting “no bottom detected at this depth” where “this depth” was similar to the seabed reported from the bathymetry grids: we suspect that these features likely resulted from an initial misreading of the charts. We show that 15 phantom seamount features, derived from a misinterpretation of no-bottom sounding data, persist in current global bathymetry grids and updated seamount predictions. Overall, we predict 37,889 seamounts, an increase of 4,437 from the previous predictions derived from an older global bathymetry grid (SRTM30 PLUS v. 6). This increase is due to greater detail in newer bathymetry grids as acoustic mapping of the seabed expands.The new seamount predictions are available at
https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.921688.
Queere Praktiken der Reproduktion
Authors: Dionisius Sarah Charlotte
Published: November 2021

Ein, zwei, drei oder vier Elternteile, »Sponkel«, »Mapas« und lesbische Zeugungsakte - wer oder was Familie ist und wie sie gegründet wird, hat sich vervielfältigt. Sarah Charlotte Dionisius rekonstruiert aus einer von den Feminist Science and Technology Studies inspirierten, queertheoretischen Perspektive, wie lesbische und queere Frauen*paare, die mittels Samenspende Eltern geworden sind, Familie, Verwandtschaft und Geschlecht imaginieren und praktizieren. Damit wirft sie einen heteronormativitätskritischen Blick auf die sozialwissenschaftliche Familienforschung sowie auf gesellschaftliche und rechtliche Entwicklungen, die neue Ein- und Ausschlüsse queerer familialer Lebensweisen mit sich bringen.
Instabile Bildlichkeit
Authors: Oxen Nicolas
Published: November 2021

Instabile Bildformen, die aus technischen Dysfunktionen, materieller Abnutzung oder digitalen »Glitches« entstehen, werden in diesem Band als Symptome einer prozessualen Zeitlichkeit digitaler Bewegtbilder betrachtet. Deren Entwicklung wird anhand konkreter medientheoretischer Analysen nachgezeichnet, die sich mit beschädigten VHS-Kassetten, verpixelten Handyvideos, sich zersetzenden Zelluloidfilmbildern und der (post-)digitalen Ästhetik des Datamoshing auseinandersetzen. Zeitphilosophische Theoriekonzepte von Gilles Deleuze, William James und Alfred N. Whitehead erweisen sich dabei als anschlussfähig für die Reflexion digitaler Temporalität.
Moving Matter: Nicht-menschliche Körper in zeitgenössischen Choreografien
Authors: Ruhsam Martina
Published: November 2021

In experimentellen Choreografien und Performances ist seit etwa 2008 eine lebhafte Auseinandersetzung mit der Wirkmächtigkeit (teil-)autonomer Dinge und der Verwobenheit menschlicher und nicht-menschlicher Akteure zu beobachten. Welche Anliegen sind mit der Inszenierung einer verteilten Handlungsmacht verknüpft? In ausführlichen Inszenierungsanalysen macht Martina Ruhsam die Akteur-Netzwerk-Theorie und den Agentiellen Realismus von Karen Barad für die Performancetheorie produktiv. Sie schlägt eine politische Lesart ausgewählter posthumanistischer Choreografien vor und reflektiert über deren Relevanz im Hinblick auf eine politische Ökologie.
Aufführungsrituale der Musik
Authors: Fürnkranz Magdalena , Huber Harald
Published: November 2021

Die Unterscheidung von E-Musik und U-Musik hat ausgedient. Als neuen Ansatz präsentieren Magdalena Fürnkranz und Harald Huber ein Stilfeldermodell und führen es am Beispiel der österreichischen Musiklandschaft der Gegenwart aus. In Form von qualitativen Fallstudien und vergleichenden Analysen erkunden sie Differenzen und Diffusionen zwischen den Stilfeldern »Klassik/zeitgenössische Musik«, »Jazz/improvisierte Musik«, »Volksmusik/World Music«, »Dance/HipHop/Elektronik«, »Rock- und Popmusik« sowie »Schlager/volkstümliche Musik«. Der kultursoziologische Ansatz von Pierre Bourdieu erfährt hier eine transformierte Konkretisierung und dient der Neubestimmung musikalisch-kultureller Diversität und Hybridität.
Der abwesende Souverän
Authors: Roehl Max
Published: November 2021

Im historischen Kontext der Nachkriegszeit und des Kalten Krieges verbindet das Werk des Schweizer Schriftstellers Friedrich Dürrenmatt Zeitdiagnosen mit politisch-existentiellen Grundfragen nach der Gültigkeit von Ordnungen. Max Roehl nimmt Friedrich Dürrenmatt als einen Schriftsteller und Denker des Politischen in den Blick und zeigt: Seine Bilder und Narrative des Chaos, des Labyrinths und des Ausnahmefalls sowie nicht zuletzt sein eigenes labyrinthisches Schreiben umkreisen das Problem der Souveränität in einer ungeordneten, undurchsichtigen und vom Zufall bestimmten Welt.
Enseñanza, desigualdades y reconfiguración del trabajo docente en escuelas secundarias durante la pandemia
Authors: Arroyo Mariela , Corvalán  Tatiana , Felicioni  Silvina Leonor , Merodo  Alicia
Published: November 2021

Este artículo presenta los resultados preliminares de una investigación cualitativa que aborda la reconfiguración de la enseñanza y del trabajo docente en escuelas secundarias de la Región Educativa IX de la provincia de Buenos Aires, en el contexto de interrupción de las clases presenciales en el marco de la pandemia y la consecuente política de continuidad pedagógica. Se analiza cómo la pandemia dejó en evidencia los mecanismos de diferenciación social y sus efectos en la profundización de las desigualdades educativas. A través de entrevistas grupales se relevaron las decisiones que tomaron inspectores, directivos y docentes de escuelas secundarias, para sostener el vínculo pedagógico en un escenario que interrumpe el «hacer escuela en presencia». Estas decisiones dan cuenta del proceso de reapropiación de la política en las escuelas bajo realidades simbólicas y materiales desiguales. Las reapropiaciones están condicionadas por la gramática de la escolaridad, el modelo organizacional y la configuración histórica del trabajo docente en la escuela secundaria (la estructura del puesto de trabajo, los saberes docentes disponibles). El cambio de las condiciones de escolarización, dado el pasaje de la enseñanza presencial a distintas formas de enseñanza no presencial, tensionaron y alteraron disposiciones y saberes poniendo al descubierto nuevas desigualdades