bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of uroprotective effects of seed methanol extracts of Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra. on cyclophosphamide-induced bladder hemorrhagic cystitis and nephrotoxicity in Wistar albino rats
Authors: ÇETİK YILDIZ Songül , KESKİN Cumali , ŞAHİNTÜRK Varol , AYHANCI Adnan
Published: January 2021

Purpose: This study investigated the possible uroprotective effects of Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra. (HT) seed methanol extracts (25,50,100 mg/kg, i.p., for 6 days) against cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced (150 mg/kg, single dose, i.p.) acute bladder hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) and nephrotoxicity in rats.

Materials and Methods: Wistar albino rats used in this study were divided into nine groups, each including seven rats. Group 1 (control) was treated with 0.5ml saline (SF) and Group 2 was treated with CYP (150 mg/kg). Groups 3, 4, 5 were treated with 25, 50, 100 mg/kg HT, respectively while groups 6, 7, 8 were treated with 25, 50, 100 mg/kg CYP + HT, respectively. Finally, Group 9 (control-2) was treated with 0.5ml-%0.2 dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels were measured in blood serum.

Results: The CYP-treated rats histopathologically had mild-moderate bladder and renal injuries. The serum creatinine and BUN levels, which are the biochemical markers of renal injury, significantly increased compared to the control group.

Conclusion: HT showed a protective effect on CYP-related bladder HC and nephrotoxicity in rats by inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis.
The effect of the number of vessel grafts used in coronary artery bypass grafting surgery to short-term mortality
Authors: ULULAR Omer
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The study aimed to share the short-term mortality rates of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) experience in a private hospital and to evaluate parameters affecting the clinical outputs following the CABG who were divided according to the number of vessel graft. Materials and Methods: The study is a longitudinal-term observational clinical study, with a patient follow-up period of 7 years in Turkey. We analyzed 3027 cases with outcomes and short-term mortality according to the number of vessel grafts that we used as 1 (n:608), 2-3 (n:1359), and four or more (n:1060) grafts. Results: The short-term mortality was found as 1.1% (36/3027) in all the patients. The male population was the highest in the group with the highest number of vascular grafts and its percentage to females was correlated with vessel grafts that we performed. Mean aortic cross-clamp time was 36.6±17.2 minutes, while bypass time was 66.4±21 minutes. The mean number of vessels revascularized was 3.17±0.9 (1-7). The amount of drainage was 419±286 ml. The period of intensive care was 1.2±1.1 days, while the hospital period was 5.2±1.5days. In comparison according to the number of vascular grafts, positive inotrope agent, drainage, blood supply, cross-clamp and pump period showed significant difference. Conclusion: The number of vessel grafts was related to clinical outputs of CABG operations and Our CABG in the private hospital reached the short-term mortality rates that were below the averages of Turkey and international operations.
Attitudes and related factors toward organ donation among relatives of chronic kidney disease patients and healthy individuals
Authors: YAKAR Burkay , SERTDEMİR BATBAŞ Canan , ÖNALAN Erhan , DEMİR Mustafa , İÇAÇAN Gamze
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The current study firstly aimed at investigating organ donation and related factors. Another aim of the study is to compare the knowledge and attitude levels of organ donation between the risky population with organ failure and healthy participants.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted in the tertiary university hospital between March-October 2019. A total of 88 healthy participants (group 1) and 56 participants with chronic kidney disease ((CKD) (group 2)) were included in the study. Organ donation attitudes of participants were measured with Organ Donation Attitudes Scales Turkish Version questionnaire.
Result: A total of 144 participants (56 were CKD patients and 88 healthy participants) were included in the study. The scores of all participants from the sub-dimensions of the scale were humanity and moral conviction / beliefs (HMC): 90.70±20.36, fears of medical neglect (FMN): 27.38±11.52 and fears of bodily mutilation (FBM): 32.03±10.67, respectively. Group 2 participants’ humanity and moral conviction/beliefs (HMC) dimension scores were higher than group 1. Group 2 participants’ fears of medical neglect (FMN) score was higher than group 1. Factors affecting organ donation attitudes were gender and education level.
Conclusion: Organ donation positive attitude scores were higher in women and those with higher education levels. Our results may suggest developing empathy and education programs on organ transplantation, as a means for increasing the number of potential organ donors.
Protective effects of phloretin and phloridzin on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in mice: characterization of potential molecular mechanisms
Authors: ÜN Harun , UGAN Rüstem Anıl
Published: January 2021

Purpose: We aimed to examine the potential protective effects of phloretin and phloridzin in indomethacin induced ulcer model in mice.

Materials and Methods: In total 54 female Balb/C mice were separated into nine groups. Famotidine was used as standard antiulcer agent. The phloretin and phloridzin was given at the doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg as a pre-treatment. After experimental procedures stomach tissue oxidative parameters (SOD, GSH and MDA), inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, and COX1 and COX2 mRNA expressions were analyzed. In addition, to clarify antiulcer effect mechanism of phloretin and phloridzin, numerical densities of ulcerative areas were analyzed.

Results: Phloretin and phloridzin inhibited indomethacin-induced ulcer formation in dose dependent manner. Tissue inflammation and oxidative stress were increased after the indomethacin administration. Phloretin and phloridzin treatment normalized all parameters compared to indomethacin treated group. After the treatments, SOD activities and GSH levels were increased while MDA levels were decreased. Phloretin and phloridzin treatments decreased TNF-α, COX1 and COX2 mRNA expressions.

Conclusion: Our results showed that phloretin and phloridzin may be an alternative treatment for peptic ulcer disease due to their potential regulatory effects against oxidative stress and inflammation.
Effects of music on stress induced hormones and oxidative stress levels
Authors: TERZİOGLU-USAK Sule , DAL Aleyna , YANIK Hilal , ELİBOL Birsen
Published: January 2021

Purpose: Perinatal stress, anxiety, and depression have been thought having influences on the developmental period of organisms. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of different types of music exposure during perinatal period on depression-like behavior, serum levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), corticosterone (CORT) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) as well as serum oxidative stress index in rats.
Materials and Methods: Pregnant Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four cages; the control group (no music exposure), the classical music group (Canon in D Major/ Johann Pachelbel, 60 dB), the traditional Sufi music group (Whirling Derwish/ Omar Faruk Tekbilek, 30 dB), and the rock music group (In Your Face/ Children of Bodom, 120 dB). Dams and pups in each music groups listened to their own music 1 hour/day from gestational day 10 to postnatal day 21.
Results: According to the results of tail suspension test, the longer duration of immobility which shows the level of depression was increased in the classical music group compared to the control group. At hormonal level, significant alterations were obtained only in serum ACTH levels. It was increased in the classical music group, while decreased in the sufi music group compared to the control group. In addition, a marked increase in oxidative stress index was found in the rock music group compared to the control group.
Conclusion: The sound intensity of music which is listened during the pregnancy has vital importance in the stress and depression level of offspring.
Effect of delayed cord clamping on short term clinical and laboratory findings in term and late preterm infants
Authors: SATAR Mehmet , BAHAR Nilgün , ŞİMŞEK Hüseyin , YAPICIOĞLU Hacer , ÖZLÜ Ferda , BÜYÜKKURT Selim
Published: January 2021

Purpose: Delaying the cord clamping for at least 30 seconds in infants who did not require cardiopulmonary resuscitation after birth has been recommended in the revised guidelines of American Academy of Pediatrics in 2015. We aimed to evaluate the effect of delayed cord clamping on hematological and biochemical parameters, need for hospitalization, oxygen, mechanical ventilation, phototherapy, and on sepsis, hyperbilirubinemia rate in late preterm and term infants.

Material and Methods: This prospective study included 86 infants with a gestational age of 34 to 41 weeks. Infants were randomly included in one of two groups. While cords of 43 infants were clamped immediately after birth, cords of the other 43 infants were clamped after one minute. Hematological and biochemical values were evaluated both in cord blood and venous blood samples on 7th day of life.

Results: Hemoglobin and hematocrit values were similar in two groups both in cord blood and on 7th day of life. Delayed cord clamping resulted in statistically significant decrease in the leukocyte and platelet coun and creatinine levels in the cord blood. Mechanical ventilation requirement was significantly lower in the delayed cord clamping group. Hospitalization rate, sepsis rate and hyperbilirubinemia rate were similar in both groups.

Conclusion: Delayed cord clamping caused lower leucocyte, platelet counts and lower creatinine levels in cord blood. There seems a beneficial effect on respiratory status in late preterm and term infants.
Tüberküloz hastalarının tedaviye uyumları ve ilişkili faktörler
Authors: ORAL Ayşenur , AKSOY Mustafa , ÖZTAŞ Dilek , DİRİCAN Oya
Published: January 2021

maç: Bu araştırmada, İstanbul ili Zeytinburnu ilçesindeki verem savaş dispanserine başvuran tüberküloz hastalarının tedaviye uyum durumları ve bunu etkileyen faktörlerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırmaya 85 hasta dahil edilmiş, ve bu hastalara ilişkili faktörleri araştırmak için anket formu uygulanmıştır. İlaçlarını almayı yarıda bırakmayan, tedavisi sürerken dispanserden ilaçlarını düzenli almaya gelen ve ilaç içmeyi unutmayan hastaların tedaviye uyumları olumlu olarak değerlendirilmiştir.

Bulgular: Katılımcıların sadece %29,4’ünün ilaç almayı yarıda bıraktığı, %17,6’sının tedavisi sürerken ilacını almaya gelmediği ve %21,2’sinin de ilaç almayı unuttuğunu belirttiği saptanmıştır. İlaç almaya gelmeme” konulu olumsuz davranışın diğer ekonomik statülere göre özellikle orta gelir düzeyli grupta (post hoc) daha az oranda (%7,9’a karşılık %92,1) yaşandığı görülmüştür. Hastalık süresi uzadıkça “ilaç almayı yarıda bırakma” ve “ilaç almaya gelmeme” oranının arttığı saptanmıştır.

Sonuç: Tüberküloz hastalarının tedaviye uyumlarında düzenli olarak ilaçlarını kullanması son derece önemlidir. Birinci basamak sağlık ekibinin ilgili süreçlere hakim olması, hastaların ilaç alımlarını engelleyen faktörleri bilerek kişinin tedaviye uyumunu artırıcı müdahaleleri planlayabilmesi toplum sağlığı açısından gereklidir.
Sezaryen doğum oranlarında “kıymetli bebek” etkisi
Authors: HALİMOĞLU Büşra , YEŞİLÇİÇEK ÇALIK Kıymet
Published: January 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışma sezaryen doğum oranlarında “kıymetli bebek” etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma Trabzon il merkezinde bulunan üç hastanenin kadın hastalıkları ve doğum servislerinde Ocak - Ekim 2018 tarihleri arasında örnekleme dahil edilme kriterlerine uygun 850 kadın ile yapıldı. Veriler toplanmasında anket formu ve hasta dosyası kullanıldı. Veriler, frekans ve yüzdelik hesaplamalarının yanı lojistik regresyon analizi ile değerlendirildi.

Bulgular: Sezaryen endikasyonlarının ilk üç sıralamasında sırasıyla anneye bağlı endikasyonlar (%52.6), bebeğe bağlı endikasyonlar (%21.4) ve sosyal endikasyonlar (%13.1) [tedavi ile bebek sahibi olma (kıymetli bebek) (%86.5), anne isteği (%13.5)] ilk üç sırada yer aldı. Sezaryen doğum yapan kadınların %88.7’sinin gebeliklerinin kendiliğinden, %11.3’ünün ise tedavi ile olduğu saptandı. Bu kadınların %44.8’i 35-45 yaş grubundadır. Kıymetli bebek sahibi olan kadınların %50,0’sinin ilk gebeliği, %86,5’inin yaşayan çocuğunun olmadığı, %60,4’ünün daha önce hiç düşük, ölü doğum (%91,7) ve daha önce sezaryen ile doğum (%99) yapmadığı ve %87,5’inin gebeliklerinin tekil olduğu tespit edildi. Kıymetli bebek sahibi olan kadınların %57.3’ünün herhangi bir kronik hastalığı olmadığı ancak %53.1’inin gebelik öncesi bir sağlık probleminin olduğu ve ilk sırada jinekolojik hastalıkların (%37.5) yer aldığı saptandı. Kadının yaşı arttıkça gebeliğin kıymetli gebelik olma riski 1,448 kat, gebelik öncesi saptanmış sağlık probleminin varlığında ise 5,74 kat daha artmaktadır.

Sonuç: Kıymetli bebek olarak tanımlanan gebeliklerin sezaryen endikasyonları sıralamasında 3. sırada yer alarak sezaryen oranlarının artışına katkı vermiştir.
Relationship between blood lipids, inflammation parameters and body composition
Authors: METE Burak , DEĞER Mehmet Sait , ZOROĞLU Gülsüm
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The aim of this stuıdy was to determine the relation between inflammation markers, anthropometric measurements, and blood lipid values.

Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted with 274 adult healthy subjects in 2019. The relationship between anthropometric measurements and blood lipid values of individuals, full blood count inflammation markers, neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and lymphocyte monocyte ratio (LMR) were examined..

Results: The average age of the 274 subjects, who participated in the study, was 34 years. No significant differences were detected between the NLR, PLR and LMR ratios according to the BMI scores. A very weak and negative correlation was detected between PLR and skeletal muscle, basal metabolic rate, body fluid amount and lean mass; and a weak and negative correlation was detected between HDL and BMI, body fat amount, and internal fat amount. A weak and positive correlation was detected between NLR and LDL.

Conclusion: There was a very weak correlation between anthropometric values and inflammation markers, a weak-moderate correlation between blood lipid levels, and a weak correlation between inflammation markers and cholesterol levels.
IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIALS AND HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF Asystasia vogeliana (BENTH) LEAF EXTRACTS AGAINST PARACETAMOL-INDUCED HEPATIC INJURY IN RATS
Authors:   Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001 Enugu State, Nigeria., Ugwuanyi Emeka Hillary , Samuel Chukwuneke Udem ,   Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001 Enugu State, Nigeria., Madubuinyi Ifeanyi Innocent ,   Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001 Enugu State, Nigeria.
Published: January 2021

This study was aimed to investigate the antioxidant potentials of methanol and petroleum ether leaf extracts of Asystasia vogeliana against paracetamol-induced liver injury in rats. For estimation of antioxidant potentials, in vitro radical scavenging assays were carried out using DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS. For in vivo study, twenty-five male Wistar rats weighing 100-120 g were randomized and assigned into 5 groups (I-V, n=5). Further, Paracetamol (PCM) at 2 g/kg was used to induce acute hepatotoxicity orally. Rats in group I received distilled water (10 ml/kg) only. While, the rats of groups II, III, and IV received MLEAV (200 mg/kg), PLEAV (200 mg/kg), and a standard hepatoprotective reference drug silymarin (25 mg/kg) respectively for 5 days before PCM induction. Rats in group V received distilled water for 5 days before PCM induction. Blood and liver samples were collected for hematology, serum biochemistry, and histopathology analyses using standard procedures. In vitro assays revealed that MLEAV showed significant (P < 0.05) increases in antioxidant activity compared with PLEAV. Further, significant (P < 0.05) reductions in the activities of ALT and ALP while a significant (P < 0.05) increases in the activity of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GPx) were reported in the group II and III compared with group V. There were also no observable lesions in their hepatocytes. Results of the study can be concluded that MLEAV elicited more in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities than PLEAV, thus it protects the liver of rat from PCM-induced hepatotoxicity. Therefore, MLEAV could be used as a hepatoprotective agent for the clinical management of liver damage.
Bolivia: Hacia una recuperación económica resiliente y sostenible en tiempos post COVID-19
Authors: Castilleja Vargas Liliana
Published: January 2021

Ante la crisis sanitaria de la COVID-19 y la crisis económica asociada, Bolivia enfrenta múltiples desafíos sin precedentes en la historia del país en términos de su magnitud y complejidad. Por un lado, la pandemia ha puesto en evidencia la alta exposición y vulnerabilidad del país a diversos shocks. Por el otro lado, presenta una oportunidad para consolidar a Bolivia mediante cambios económicos, sociales e institucionales profundos que coadyuven a un crecimiento de mediano plazo sólido, inclusivo y sostenible al cambio climático. Los desafíos de desarrollo que enfrenta Bolivia ante el shock de la COVID-19 se analizan en tres dimensiones: macro-fiscal, productiva-empresarial, y social y dan cuenta de los riesgos potenciales que se enfrentan en la coyuntura actual en términos de contracción económica, destrucción del tejido productivo y bienestar social. Para enfrentarlos con éxito, superar la crisis y lograr una recuperación económica resiliente y sostenible en tiempos post COVID-19, se presentan recomendaciones específicas de corto plazo y de mediano plazo. Las primeras con un enfoque en superar la situación de emergencia por la pandemia y la recesión económica. Las segundas, con un enfoque más estructural para lograr una recuperación económica posterior a la COVID-19 que sea resiliente y sostenible basada en la mayor productividad, la inclusión social y la sostenibilidad ambiental. Estas propuestas son propositivas y buscan promover el diálogo de políticas de forma proactiva y constructiva.
A multi-omics study on cutaneous and uveal melanoma
Authors:   Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany, Zhang Qi , Chen Jie ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China, Zheng Wen-Xu ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Hospital Affiliated to Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
Published: January 2021

AIM: To present the multi-omics landscape of cutaneous melanoma (CM) and uveal melanoma (UM) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).
METHODS: The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between CM and UM were found and integrated into a gene ontology enrichment analysis. Besides, the differentially expressed miRNAs were also identified. We also compared the methylation level of CM with UM and identified the differentially methylated regions to integrate with the DEGs to display the relationship between the gene expression and DNA methylation. The differentially expressed transcription factors (TFs) were identified.
RESULTS: Though CM had more mutational burden than UM, they shared several similarities such as the same rankings in diverse variant types. Except GNAQ and GNA11, the other top 18 mutated genes of the combined group were mostly detected in CM instead of UM. On the transcriptomic level, 4610 DEGs were found and integrated into a gene ontology enrichment analysis. We also identified 485 differentially expressed miRNAs. The methylation analysis showed that UM had a significantly higher methylation level than CM. The integration of differentially methylated regions and DEGs demonstrated that most DEGs were downregulated in UM and the hypo- and hypermethylation presented no obvious difference within these DEGs. Finally, 116 hypermethylated TFs and 114 hypomethylated TFs were identified as differentially expressed TFs in CM when compared with UM.
CONCLUSION: This multi-omics study on comparing CM with UM confirms that they differ in all analyzed levels. Of notice, the results also offer new insights with implications for elucidating certain unclear problems such as the distinct role of epithelial mesenchymal transition in two melanomas, the different metastatic routes of CM and UM and the liver tropism of metastatic UM.
Visual outcomes of surgical and conservative treatment in children with small posterior polar cataracts and posterior lenticonus
Authors:   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China, Chen Hui , Wu Xiang-Hua ,   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China, Lin Zhuo-Ling ,   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China, Chen Jing-Jing ,   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China, Li Xiao-Yan ,   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China, Chen Wei-Rong ,   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China, Lin Hao-Tian ,   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China; Center for Precision Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
Published: January 2021

AIM: To compare the visual outcomes of children with small (≤3 mm) posterior polar cataracts (PPC) and posterior lenticonus who had cataract extraction surgery with the visual outcomes of those who were managed conservatively.
METHODS: Children who initially had small PPC and posterior lenticonus who were followed up over 1-year period were retrospective reviewed in the study. Patients receiving surgery were compared with those receiving conservative therapy. The axial length, keratometry, refraction, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and strabismus measurements were recorded. Lens morphology, i.e., the location, size, and depth of the cataract lesion, was measured with a Scheimpflug imaging system. To help control for baseline differences in the groups, patients were matched with controls by propensity score methodology.
RESULTS: The study evaluated 60 patients (30 in the surgery group and 30 in the conservative therapy group) after matching by propensity score. Patients who underwent cataract surgery showed greater BCVA improvements (0.36±0.24 logMAR) than patients who were treated without surgery (0.22±0.26 logMAR; P=0.036). Surgery was effective in patients with a rear projection length (RPL) less than 1.0 mm and a pretreatment BCVA worse than 0.52 logMAR.
CONCLUSION: Children with small PPC and posterior lenticonus who undergo cataract surgery experience greater BCVA improvements than those managed conservatively. Certain patients presenting with a RPL less than 1.0 mm and a pretreatment BCVA of 0.52 logMAR or worse may benefit from surgery.
Long-term follow-up of cataract surgery in eyes filled with silicone oil
Authors:   Hygeia Clinic, Gdańsk 80-286, Poland, Kanclerz Piotr , Grzybowski Andrzej ,   Department of Ophthalmology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn 10-082, Poland; Institute for Research in Ophthalmology, Foundation for Ophthalmology Development, Poznan 60-554, Poland, Lipowski Paweł ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk 80-952, Poland
Published: January 2021

AIM: To evaluate the refractive and long-term outcome of eyes filled with silicone oil (SO) undergoing phacoemulsification cataract surgery (PCS).
METHODS: This retrospective study evaluated patients with SO tamponade who were scheduled for PCS.
RESULTS: Subjects (n=26) were followed for 29.5±13.9mo after cataract surgery. The median spherical equivalent refraction (SER) was +5.3 D [interquartile range (IQR) +2.9 to +6.7] before PCS, and +3.4 D (IQR +2.0 to +4.4) after PCS. Within the follow-up period retinal reattachment after SO removal was achieved in 15 out of 26 eyes (57.7%). In 13 eyes assessment of refraction after SO-removal was possible, and showed a myopic shift of -4.6 D (IQR -2.9 to -7.3) in the SER. After SO removal, 5 of the 13 eyes (38.5%) were within ±1.0 D of the target refraction, while 9 out of the 13 eyes (69.2%) were within ±2.0 D.
CONCLUSION: In our study, the refraction after PCS for eyes filled with SO manifested low predictability, as did the myopic shift following SO removal. A significant percentage of the eyes that underwent SO administration required a long-term tamponade.
Early results of circularity and centration of capsulotomy prepared by three different methods
Authors:   Cataract and Refractive Services, Cornea Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute (LVPEI), Hyderabad 500034, India, Reddy Jagadesh C. , Vupparaboina Kiran Kumar ,   Senior Scientific Officer, Srujana Centre for Innovation, L V Prasad Eye Institute (LVPEI), Hyderabad 500034, India, Ali Mohammad Hasnat ,   Biostatistician, Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, L V Prasad Eye Institute (LVPEI), Hyderabad 500034, India, Vaddavalli Pravin K ,   Cataract and Refractive Services, Cornea Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute (LVPEI), Hyderabad 500034, India
Published: January 2021

AIM: To compare the difference of capsulotomy produced by precision pulse capsulotomy (PPC), manual (M-CCC), and femtosecond laser assisted capsulotomy (FLAC) in relation to intraocular lens (IOL) centration, circularity and its effect on visual outcomes.
METHODS: Prospective, non-randomized comparative study conducted at LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India. Sixty eyes of 52 patients were grouped into 3 (FLAC, PPC and M-CCC) based on capsulotomy techniques used. Twenty consecutive eyes with uneventful phacoemulsification and with no comorbidities affecting the capsulotomy or visual outcome were included in each group. The main outcome measure was IOL centration in relation to capsulotomy and pupil. Secondary outcome measures were post-operative visual acuity, manifest refraction and aberration profile between groups.
RESULTS: At 5wk the visual, refractive outcomes and endothelial cell density were comparable between the 3 groups. The median circularity index of FLAC was statistically significantly different to M-CCC or PPC (1-10) groups (P<0.01) but PPC (11-20) was comparable to FLAC. Decentration of IOL center in relation to capsulotomy was seen only between the PPC (1-10) group and FLAC group (P=0.02). The IOL was well centered in relation to the pupil in all the groups (P=0.46). The quality of vision parameters like the higher order aberrations, spherical aberration, coma, trefoil, modular transfer function, and Strehl ratio were comparable between the groups.
CONCLUSION: Our study shows that despite differences in the morphology of capsulotomy produced by PPC, M-CCC, FLAC a well-centered IOL can be achieved. The measured capsular morphology parameters do not affect visual outcomes.
Leptin’s concentration in tears and dry eye: a clinical observational study
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China, Hao Ran , Li Xue-Min ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
Published: January 2021

AIM: To investigate the concentration of leptin in tears and its correlation with dry eye symptoms and signs.
METHODS: The study enrolled individuals (n=39) responding to an advertising or dry eye patients (n=58) from the Ophthalmology Department. Tear samples were collected for leptin concentration measuring. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), tear meniscus height (TMH), tear break up time (TBUT), cornea fluorescein staining, Schirmer test (ST) and impression cytology (IC) were assessed. Leptin concentration in tears of dry eye patients and healthy controls, and its correlation with clinical features of dry eye disease (DED) were analyzed.
RESULTS: Age, body mass index (BMI), OSDI scores and cornea fluorescein staining scores showed a negative correlation with leptin concentration in tears (r=-0.340, P=0.001; r=-0.332, P=0.001; r=-0.258, P=0.011; r=-0.424, P<0.001, respectively). ST showed positive correlation with leptin concentration in tears (r=0.206, P=0.045). No significant difference was observed in leptin concentration between dry eye patients and controls (P=0.682). Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that dry eye, OSDI, corneal fluorescein staining scores and ST correlated with leptin concentration in tears.
CONCLUSION: This is the first study measuring leptin concentration in tears. The correlation between leptin concentration and DED symptoms and signs reveal that leptin level correlated with the dry eye, potentially contributing to repair of ocular damage and dry eye improvement.
Corneal epithelial thickness analysis of forme fruste keratoconus with optical coherence tomography
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu Province, China, Yang Xiao-Long , Luo Bao-Gen ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu Province, China, Xu Yue ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu Province, China, Zhang Xiao-Feng ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu Province, China
Published: January 2021

AIM: To explore the significance of corneal epithelial thickness analysis in diagnosing early keratoconus.
METHODS: There were 26 clinical keratoconus, 21 forme fruste keratoconus, 40 high corneal astigmatism (ΔK) and 40 low ΔK eyes involved in the study. Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography was used to measure the corneal epithelial thickness of four groups. The morphological features of topographic map and the thickness of corneal epithelial thinnest point were analyzed. The distribution curve of corneal epithelial thickness at 45°, 90°, and 135° axial directions that are through the pupil center was also analyzed. One-way ANOVA was performed to compare the data.
RESULTS: The topographic map of forme fruste keratoconus corneal epithelial thickness was uniformity shape; crater shape existed only in clinical keratoconus group; and central island shape mainly existed in high ΔK group. The thinnest point of corneal epithelial thickness of forme fruste keratoconus group was significantly lower than that of low ΔK group (P=0.022). The thickness of corneal epithelium in the forme fruste keratoconus at 90° was thinner than that in the low astigmatism group at -1, and -2 mm points (P-1 mm=0.015, P-2 mm=0.036).
CONCLUSION: The analysis of the thinnest point in forme fruste keratoconus corneal epithelium appears earlier than corneal epithelial remodeling. The topographic map of corneal epithelium in high ΔK eyes appears in central island shape, and can be used for the differential diagnosis of early keratoconus.
Efficacy of the WINROP algorithm for retinopathy of prematurity screening in Southern China
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, Guangdong Province, China, Bai Yi-Chen , Chen Si-Zhe ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, Guangdong Province, China, Wei Shi-Yu ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Liuzhou People’s Hospital, Liuzhou 545006, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, Chen Hui-Jie ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, Guangdong Province, China, Chen Yan-Chen ,   Department of Pediatric, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, Guangdong Province, China, Feng Song-Fu ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, Guangdong Province, China, Lu Xiao-He ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, Guangdong Province, China
Published: January 2021

AIM: To evaluate the predicting efficacy of severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) by the WINROP algorithm (http://winrop.com) in Southern China.
METHODS: All preterm infants with the gestational age (GA) less than 32wk were included. Their ROP screening results and serial postnatal body weight were analysed retrospectively. Weekly body weight was entered into and measured by the WINROP system. The outcomes were analysed, and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated.
RESULTS: Totally 432 infants with a median GA of 30.0 (24.0-31.9)wk, and a median birth weight (BW) of 1360 (540-2700) g were included. Among these 432 infants, 50 were diagnosed as type 1 ROP but only 28 were identified by the WINROP algorithm. The sensitivity was 56% (28/50) and the NPV was 92% (252/274). However, for infants with BW <1000 g or GA <28wk, the sensitivity was 93.8% (15/16) and 93.3% (14/15), respectively. Meanwhile, with several postnatal complications added as additional risk factors, the sensitivity was increased to 96% (48/50).
CONCLUSION: The sensitivity of the WINROP algorithm from the Southern Chinese cohort is not as high as that reported in developed countries. This algorithm is effective for detecting severe ROP from extremely small or preterm infants. Modification of the algorithm with additional risk factors could improve the predictive value for infants with a GA>28wk in China.
Hybridity and Mimicry in the Novel Pangeran Dari Timur Iksaka Banu's Work
Authors: Anantama Muharsyam Dwi , Widodo Sahid Teguh , Setiawan Budhi
Published: January 2021

This study aims to describe and interpret the hybridity and mimicry in Iksaka Banu's novel, Pangeran dari Timur. This research is a descriptive qualitative study with a postcolonial approach. The data in this study are symptoms of hybridity and mimicry in the data source, namely the novel Pangeran dari Timur by Iksaka Banu. Data were collected using reading and note-taking techniques. The collected data then analyzed using the interactive analysis technique of Miles and Huberman. The results show that in the novel Pangeran dari Timur by Iksaka Banu, there is hybridity which includes the educational hybridity, fashion style, and the meaning of transportation. The mimicry contained in the novel is in the form of imitating lifestyle, ways of dressing, and transportation instrument.
Javanese Women's Efforts to Face Patriarchal Culture in the Novel Para Priyayi by Umar Kayam
Authors: Mawaddah Haalin , Suyitno Suyitno , Suhita Raheni
Published: January 2021

This study analysed the problems caused by the patriarchal culture and the Javanese women’s effort to get their existence in society. The novel Para Priyayi by Umar Kayam was one of the literary works that was thick with Javanese culture. This study used the theory of existentialist feminism Simone de Beauvoir (De Beauvoir, 1949). The result of this research was the Javanese female characters in the novel Para Priyayi by Umar Kayam experienced injustice due to the patriarchal culture. However, Javanese women leaders made efforts, so they could bring out their existence in the private and public. The existence raised by Javanese female figures in the form of women can become someone who can become an intellectual woman.
Changes in the Legal Agency Status of the Pakuan Bogor Regional Legal Company in Improving Drinking Water Services in Bogor City based on Government Regulation Number 54 of 2017 Concerning Local Government Owned Enterprises (BUMD)
Authors: Lathif Nazaruddin , Wijaya Mustika Mega , Mihradi Raden Muhammad
Published: January 2021

The idea of establishing a Local Government-Owned Enterprise (BUMD) departs from an ideological perspective regarding the concept of a welfare law state that emerged after the 19th century. The teaching emphasizes that the state must intervene in the socio-economic life of society for the welfare of its citizens. One form of intervention is through the authority to form State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN) at central level and Local Government-Owned Enterprises (BUMD) in local level. The purposes of this research are, first, to determine the urgency of changing the status of a legal entity at the BUMD PDAM Tirta Pakuan of Bogor City into the form of Local Government Public Company (PERUMDA) in terms of Government Regulation Number 54 of 2017 concerning Local Government-Owned Enterprises (BUMD). Second, this study aims to find out the prospects for changing the status of Local Government corporate legal entities drinking water from Tirta Pakuan Bogor in order to improve drinking water services in the city of Bogor. This study was carried out using two types of research method, which are: (1) normative juridical research by examining library materials which are secondary data and also called library research, and (2) empirical juridical research, also called as field research, which is conducted through the means of interviews as primary data.
Teacher's Experience with Mobbing in Baku Schools and İts Consequences
Authors: Umarova Daniz
Published: January 2021

The phenomenon of mobbing is one of the global problems of modern life which includes unethical behaviors such as harassment, isolation, humiliation, and psychological violence. Mobbing is also occurring in the teaching staff and if mentioned behaviors used continuously, mobbing has a negative impact on the physical and mental health of humans. The study aimed to determine the mobbing behaviors and the characteristics of their impact on teachers. The research sample consisted of  202 teachers working in  Baku schools in Azerbaijan.  In the survey, Likert scale questionnaires were used as a data collection tool. The findings suggest that it is a mobbing behavior that teachers are most exposed is the "underestimation of work". Most of the negative effects of mobbing on teachers were the work-related effects. It was determined that single teachers compared to married teachers are more exposed to mobbing. Also,was found a statistical difference between work experience and mobbing. In data analysis, a positive and significant relationship was found between mobbing and the negative effects of mobbing ( r=,444; p< .01). If the level of mobbing increases, it becomes a dangerous situation. Thus, it is essential to pay attention to this actual problem and follow recommendations to  fight with mobbing and prevent its consequences.
Gold Allocation Forms in Sulfide Ore and Products of their Processing Enrichment
Authors: Mironovich Amdur Alexey , Andreevich Fedorov Sergei , Nikolaevna Matushkina Anna
Published: January 2021

Gold in sulfide ores and technogenic formations after their processing is concentrated in the form of micro-dispersed particles. This article presents a study on the composition of the ultrafine gold particles, their size distribution, and some predicted gold properties. The studies were carried out using copper pyrite ore as an example. It was found that the content of metallic impurities in Au particles, which may appear during their formation under natural conditions, increases with a decrease in their size. The presence of copper in gold particles significantly lowers the melting point of the alloy. The data obtained are used to develop a technology for utilizing gold from technogenic formations of a similar type.
Keywords: gold particles, copper, metallic impurities, alloy, radius of particle
Hydrazides in the Processes of Extraction of Non-ferrous Metals from Ammonia Solutions
Authors: G. Chekanova Larisa , N. Vaulina Vera , V. Kharitonova Anastasia
Published: January 2021

The extraction of copper and other non-ferrous metals from ammonia solutions with hydrazides оf Versatic acids (C15–C19 fraction) is discussed in this article. Hydrazide group has been known to be a selective extractant for non-ferrous metals. Introducing the alkyl radical of -branched tert-carboxylic acids into the reagent structure may lead to new properties important for an extractant, such as chemical stability and good compatibility with solvents properties. The optimal extraction conditions, the effect of ammonium salts and the regularities of re-extraction are assessed.
Keywords: extraction, hydrazides,  -branched tert-carboxylic acids, non-ferrous metals
On the Possibility of Electrochemical Processing of Dump Industrial Iron-Antimony Matte
Authors: Nikiforovich Mustyatsa Oleg
Published: January 2021

One of the most important and urgent problems facing the metallurgical industry is the problem of processing dump mattes (DM). These are alloys of sulfides of various metals, and in some locations have accumulated to such an extent that they fill entire landfills with environmentally hazardous substances. During prolonged storage in air, DM decomposes and produces toxic substances. Therefore it is important to find an environmentally safe way to store or processes DM. The available information on the technologies for processing sulfide-oxide metallurgical raw materials and sources of DM formation are analysed in this study. Chemical analysis of the DM indicates a high iron content, which a priori determines the high conductivity of dump materials. The aim of this research is to examibne the physicochemical properties of the DM melts of the Kadamjai antimony industrial complex, in which, according to the technological schedule, iron and antimony are accumulated in sulfide form, followed by pyroelectrochemical processing of them into commodity products in the case of optimal metal current yields and good extraction. The electrical conductivity (æ) of the industrial DM melt is characteristic of multifunctional conductors with a predominant semiconductor mechanism of conductivity. The addition of a heteropolar additive (Na2S) into the DM melt suppresses the electronic component of conductivity and decreaseds æ in the system to values that are typical for ionic melts. Current-voltage characteristics for the composition of the system with 60 and 70 mol. % Na2S indicate polarization in the melts. The electrolysis of DM-Na2S melts is accompanied by the release of sulfur on the anode. For a final assessment of the possibility of using electrochemical processing of DM melts into antimony metal, it is recommended that a preliminary economic calculation of the entire technological process be performed.
Keywords: dump mattes, iron and antimony sulfides, physicochemical properties, ecology, utilization
Sorption Properties of the Filter Material MS in Relation to Copper(II) Ions
Authors: D. Linnikov Oleg , V. Rodina Irina
Published: January 2021

The sorption of copper(II) ions by the mineral filter material MS was studied. The study was carried out on a model solution of copper(II) sulfate containing an additional 400 mg/dm3 of sodium sulfate. It demonstrates that the sorption properties of MS are due to the simultaneous action of two factors. The first is associated with an increase in the pH of the solution being purified when the MS material is introduced into it, which leads to the precipitation of copper(II) ions from the solution in the form of the corresponding hydroxide. The second is the ability of the MS to remove copper(II) ions from the solution by the mechanism of adsorption described by the Langmuir equation. It was found that with an increase in the pH of the solution from 4 to 6.7, the adsorption of copper(II) ions on the surface of the MS increases (ranges of pH<4 and pH>6.7 have not been studied). The found values of the MS monolayer capacity with respect to copper(II) ions turned out to be comparable in magnitude with similar values for some other mineral sorbents.
Keywords: copper(II) ions, sorption, Langmuir equation, adsorption capacity
Composition, Properties and Using Fields of Product of Phosphogypsum Recycling
Authors: Kapustin Fedor , Mityushov Nikolay , Bednyagin Sergey
Published: January 2021

Nowadays about 200 million tons of phosphogypsum (PG) have been stored in the dumps of the chemical industry and non–ferrous metallurgy of Russia which pollutes the environment. This waste contains up to 98 % of two–water gypsum and impurities including rare earth metals (REM) in an amount of up to 0.5 % preventing its use in the production of building materials. A complex technology of FG recycling including extraction of REM, neutralization and dehydration of the pulp for using in the production of gypsum binders and Portland cement. Results of determination of density, grain, chemical and mineral compositions and structure of the product of recycling of FG of the “Sredneuralsky copper smelting plant” are presented. After the REM extraction, the PG is a loose lumpy mass with moisture content of 28–32 % which contains about 10 % of particles larger than 40 mm and not more than 60 % of particles less than 10 mm, it has a true density of 2.26 g/cm3, pH of aqueous extract is 5.95. It has the following chemical composition, mass. %: 0.87 SiО2; 0.93 A12O3; 0.20 Fe2O3; 31.00 CaO; 0.034 MgO; 44.27 SО3; 0.10 K2О; 0.42 Nа2О; 0.45 Р2О5(general); 20.73 of mass loss of ignition. The mineral composition of the PG processing product is represented by two-water gypsum and a slight amount of quartz. The possibility of using gypsum–containing waste in the production of gypsum binders and cement is considered. The effect of temperature and duration of firing, the dispersion, the type and quantity of chemical and mineral admixtures on physical and mechanical properties of gypsum binder, the influence of the type and amount of mineral additive on pelletizing and physic–mechanical properties of the granulated and pressed PG and its effects on setting time and strength of Portland cement are represented. It is recommended to use PG to obtain low–temperature and composite gypsum binders, regulation of Portland cement setting after extraction of REM.
Keywords: phosphogypsum, recycling, composition, properties, technology, gypsum binder, Portland cement
Electric Discharge Destruction of Wasted Printed Electronic Boards for Extraction of Metals
Authors: Alexeenko V.M. , Ananieva L.G. , Zherlitsyn A.A. , Kondratiev S.S. , Korovkin M.V. , Savinova O.V.
Published: January 2021

The results of the electric discharge crushing of PCB (printed circuit boards) to millimeter-sized fractions suitable for separation of the metal from the dielectric are presented. The crushing was performed on a high-voltage repetitively pulsed generator with varying the number of pulses. It was determined the dependences of the fractional composition of crushing products on the number of pulses in the cycle. Crushing products were studied for definition separation of metal from the dielectric with optical microscope. The results of the work confirm the possibility of electric discharge crushing various types of PCB, including fiberglass PCB with four layers.
Keywords: high voltage fragmentation, waste printed circuit board, recycling