bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of (N‐Phenothiazinomethyl)‐4‐ [N‐(3‐chloro‐2‐oxo‐4‐substituted‐azetidin)]‐5‐mercapto‐1,2,4‐triazoles.
Authors: Kohli P. , Srivastava S. D. , Srivastava S. K.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Gallium Trichloride Promoted Ethynylation Reaction of 1,4‐Dienes.
Authors: Nishimura Yoshio , Kiryu Masato , Suwa Katsunori , Amemiya Ryo , Yamaguchi Masahiko
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Chemoselective and Stereoselective Synthesis of (Z)‐Enol Silanes.
Authors: Herath Ananda , Montgomery John
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Bioactive Constituents from Chinese Natural Medicines. Part 30. Reinvestigation of Absolute Stereostructure of (‐)‐Rosiridol: Structures of Monoterpene Glycosides, Rosiridin, Rosiridosides A (Ia), B (Ib) and C (Ic), from Rhodiola sachalinensis.
Authors: Yoshikawa Masayuki , Nakamura Seikou , Li Xuezheng , Matsuda Hisashi
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Triterpenes from the Rhizome of Dryopteris crassirhizoma, and Inhibitory Activities of Its Constituents on Human Immunodeficiency Virus‐1 Protease.
Authors: Lee Ji Suk , Miyashiro Hirotsugu , Nakamura Norio , Hattori Masao
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of (R)‐α‐(p‐Nitroaryl)prolines via Oxidative Nucleophilic Substitution of Hydrogen in Nitroarenes.
Authors: Makosza Mieczyslaw , Sulikowski Daniel , Maltsev Oleg
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Direct and Stereospecific Approach to the Synthesis of α‐Glycosyl Thiols.
Authors: Dere Ravindra T. , Wang Yingxi , Zhu Xiangming
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Epoxidation‐Alcoholysis or Epoxidation‐Hydrolysis of Glycals Catalyzed by Titanium(IV) Isopropoxide or Venturello′s Phosphotungstate Complex.
Authors: Levecque Pieter , Gammon David W. , Kinfe Henok Hadgu , Jacobs Pierre , De Vos Dirk , Sels Bert
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Neolignan Glycoside from Pteris multifida Poir.
Authors: Zheng Xu‐dong , Hu Hao‐bin , Hu Huai‐sheng
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel and Convenient Synthesis of Thiazol‐2(3H)‐imine‐Linked Glycoconjugates.
Authors: Zhou Guo‐Bin , Guan Yue‐Qing , Shen Chao , Wang Qian , Liu Xiao‐Ming , Zhang Peng‐Fei , Li Li‐Li
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Silylation‐Amination of Uracil Acyclonucleosides to 4‐Alkylamino‐2(1H)‐pyrimidinone Analogues.
Authors: Roy Vincent , Mieczkowski Adam , Topalis Dimitri , Berteina‐Raboin Sabine , Deville‐Bonne Dominique , Nolan Steven P. , Agrofolio Luigi A.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Monomeric and Dimeric Stilbenoids from the Orchid Dendrobium amplum.
Authors: Majumder P. L. , Rahaman Burhanur , Roychowdhury Mausumi , Dhara K. P.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: SAR Study of a Novel Triene‐Ansamycin Group Compound, Quinotrierixin, and Related Compounds, as Inhibitors of ER Stress‐Induced XBP1 Activation. Part 1. Taxonomy, Fermentation, Isolation, Biological Activities and SAR Study.
Authors: Kawamura Tatsuro , Tashiro Etsu , Yamamoto Kohta , Shindo Kazutoshi , Imoto Masaya
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Concise Synthesis of the Tricyclic Core of Platencin.
Authors: Yun Sang Young , Zheng Jun‐Cheng , Lee Daesung
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Mill Moth′s Sex Pheromone Components.
Authors: Hornyanszky Gabor , Rohaly Janos , Novak Lajos
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Treatment of CrVI‐Containing Mg(OH)2 Nanowaste.
Authors: Liu Weizhen , Huang Feng , Liao Yiqun , Zhang Jing , Ren Guoqiang , Zhuang Zangyong , Zhen Jinsheng , Lin Zhang , Wang Chen
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Titanate Nanofibers as Intelligent Absorbents for the Removal of Radioactive Ions from Water.
Authors: Yang Dong Jiang , Zheng Zhan Feng , Zhu Huai Yong , Liu Hong Wei , Gao Xue Ping
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Progress in Synthesis of Ferroelectric Ceramic Materials via High‐Energy Mechanochemical Technique
Authors: Kong L. B. , Zhang T. S. , Ma J. , Boey F.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxygen and Hydrogen Separation Membranes Based on Dense Ceramic Conductors.
Authors: Fontaine Marie‐Laure , Norby Truls , Larring Yngve , Grande Tor , Bredesen Rune
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Textural Manipulation of Mesoporous Materials for Hosting of Metallic Nanocatalysts
Authors: Sun Junming , Bao Xinhe
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure—Property Relationship in Organometallic Compounds Regarding SHG
Authors: Heck Juergen , Prosenc Marc H. , Meyer‐Friedrichsen Timo , Holtmann Jan , Walczuk Edyta , Dede Markus , Farrell Tony , Manning Anthony R. , Kuball Hans‐Georg , Archetti Graziano , et al. et al.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Oxidative Esterification and Amidation of Aldehydes
Authors: Ekoue‐Kovi Kekeli , Wolf Christian
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,2‐Diheteroatom‐Substituted Alkanoic Acids
Authors: Westbrook J. A. , Schaus S. E.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Oxo‐ and 2‐Imino‐Substituted Alkanoic Acids
Authors: Westbrook J. A. , Schaus S. E.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Arenedicarboxylic Acids
Authors: Subramanian L. R.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Amphidinolides and Its Related Macrolides from Marine Dinoflagellates
Authors: Kobayashi Jun'ichi
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Bright Molecules with Sense, Logic, Numeracy and Utility
Authors: de Silva A. Prasanna , Vance Thomas P. , West Matthew E. S. , Wright Glenn D.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: E Factors, Green Chemistry and Catalysis: An Odyssey
Authors: Sheldon Roger A.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Reactivity in Room‐Temperature Ionic Liquids
Authors: Hapiot Philippe , Lagrost Corinne
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Constribution of Electrochemistry to Organometallic Catalysis
Authors: Jutand Anny
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Characterization and Activity of Cephalosporin Metal Complexes
Authors: Auda S. H. , Mrestani Y. , Fetouh M. I. , Neubert R. H. H.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Microsomal Prostaglandin E2 Synthase‐1 (mPGES‐1): A Novel Antiinflammatory Therapeutic Target
Authors: Friesen Richard W. , Mancini Joseph A.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Organocatalytic Tool for the Iminium Activation of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones
Authors: Bartoli Giuseppe , Melchiorre Paolo
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress of Highly Sensitive Photo‐Polymerization Initiation
Authors: Aoai Toshiaki
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Electron‐Transporting Conjugated Oligomers Based on Fluorination Reactions and Their Application to Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Ie Yutaka , Aso Yoshio
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Polysaccharide Nanocrystal Reinforced Nanocomposites.
Authors: Dufresne Alain
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Poly(hydroxyalkanoates): Biorefinery Polymers with a Whole Range of Applications. The Work of Robert H. Marchessault
Authors: Orts William J. , Nobes Geoffrey A. R. , Kawada Jumpei , Nguyen Sophie , Yu Ga‐er , Ravenelle Francois
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemistry of Nitrogen‐Bridged Cyclophanes: 2,11‐Diaza[32]anthracenoparacyclophane and 2,11‐Diaza[32]paracyclophane Systems
Authors: Okamoto Hideki , Yamaji Minoru , Satake Kyosuke
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanocrystalline Gold and Gold—Palladium as Effective Catalysts for Selective Oxidation
Authors: Edwards Jennifer , Landon Philip , Carley Albert F. , Herzing Andrew , Watanabe Masashi , Kiely Christopher J. , Hutchings Graham J.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐Bromo‐2,5‐pyrrolidinedione
Authors: Inam‐ul‐Haque Inam‐ul‐Haque , Hussain Syed Aamer , Aslam Nishat
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Based Drug Discovery
Authors: Sakurada Kazuhiro , McDonald Fiona M. , Shimada Fumiki
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Modelling Room Temperature Ionic Liquids
Authors: Bhargava B. L. , Balasubramanian Sundaram , Klein Michael L.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Nanostructure Formation Enhances the Activity of LPS‐Neutralizing Peptides
Authors: Mas‐Moruno Carlos , Cascales Laura , Cruz Luis J. , Mora Puig , Pérez‐Payá Enrique , Albericio Fernando
Published: October 2008

Peptides that interact with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can provide the basis for the development of new antisepsis agents. In this work, several LPS‐neutralizing acyl peptides derived from LALF, BPI, and SAP were prepared, structurally characterized, and biologically evaluated. In all cases, peptides with long acyl chains showed greater LPS‐neutralizing activities than the original acetylated peptides. Structural analysis of these peptides revealed that N‐acylation with long acyl chains promotes the formation of micellar or fibril‐like nanostructures, thus proving a correlation between anti‐LPS activity and nanostructure formation. The results of this study provide useful structural insight for the future design of new acyl peptides that strongly bind LPS and therefore act as antisepsis drugs. Furthermore, this nanostructure–biological activity correlation can be translated into other therapeutic areas.
Pretransplantation positron emission tomography scan is the main predictor of autologous stem cell transplantation outcome in aggressive B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Derenzini Enrico , Musuraca Gerardo , Fanti Stefano , Stefoni Vittorio , Tani Monica , Alinari Lapo , Venturini Filippo , Gandolfi Letizia , Baccarani Michele , Zinzani Pier Luigi
Published: October 2008

BACKGROUND.

Limited data exist about the role of second‐line chemotherapy response assessed by positron emission tomography (PET) as a prognostic factor in patients with aggressive non‐Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) who undergo autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). The objective of this analysis was to investigate the main determinants of prognosis in patients with aggressive B‐cell NHL who undergo ASCT, focusing on the impact of pretransplantation PET, secondary age‐adjusted International Prognostic Index (sAA‐IPI) score, histology, and previous response to first‐line chemotherapy.

METHODS.

Seventy‐five patients with diffuse, large B‐cell lymphoma or grade 3 follicular lymphoma who were treated at the author' institution with second‐line chemotherapy (combined ifosfamide, etoposide, and epirubicin [IEV]) followed by ASCT between September 2002 and September 2006 were included. All patients were evaluated by PET after 1 to 3 courses of IEV chemotherapy before ASCT, and all patients received a conditioning regimen of combined carmustine, etoposide, cytosine arabinoside, and melphalan. The prognostic impact of pretransplantation PET, sAA‐IPI score, histology, and previous response to first‐line chemotherapy was evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses.

RESULTS.

Seventy‐two of 75 patients underwent ASCT. In a univariate analysis for progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), a significant association was observed with pretransplantation PET (PFS,P< .00001; OS,P< .01) and previous first‐line response (PFS,P= .02; OS,P= .04). In the multivariate framework, pretransplantation PET was identified as the only independent prognostic factor (PFS,P< .001; OS,P= .01).

CONCLUSIONS.

The current data indicated that pretransplantation PET is the main prognostic predictor in patients with aggressive B‐cell NHL who are scheduled for ASCT. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Association of PTEN gene methylation with genetic alterations in the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/AKT signaling pathway in thyroid tumors
Authors: Hou Peng , Ji Meiju , Xing Mingzhao
Published: October 2008

BACKGROUND.

The phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway plays an important role in thyroid tumorigenesis and progression. Genetic alterations, particularly PIK3CA amplification and mutations and ras mutations, are the major cause of aberrant activation of this pathway in thyroid tumors. Epigenetic silencing of the PTEN gene, a negative regulator of the PI3K/AKT pathway, also occurs in thyroid tumors, but its relationship with genetic alterations in this pathway is unclear.

METHODS.

By using quantitative methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction, the authors examined PTEN methylation and its relationship with genetic alterations in the PI3K/AKT pathway in various types of thyroid tumors.

RESULTS.

The authors found PTEN methylation to become progressively higher from benign thyroid adenoma to follicular thyroid cancer and to aggressive anaplastic thyroid cancer, which harbored activating genetic alterations in the PI3K/AKT pathway correspondingly with a progressively higher prevalence. The association of PTEN methylation was seen with both overall genetic alterations and individual genetic alterations, particularly PIK3CA alterations and ras mutations, in the PI3K/AKT pathway within each of the 3 types of thyroid tumors. In contrast, no such relationship was observed for the tumor suppressor gene RASSF1A.

CONCLUSIONS.

The authors found an interesting association of PTEN methylation with the activating genetic alterations in the PI3K/AKT pathway in thyroid tumors. This finding is consistent with a model in which aberrant methylation and hence silencing of the PTEN gene, which coexists with activating genetic alterations of the PI3K/AKT pathway, may enhance the signaling of this pathway aberrantly activated by genetic alterations and hence contribute to the progression of thyroid tumors. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Down‐regulation of Bax‐interacting factor‐1 in colorectal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Coppola Domenico , Khalil Farah , Eschrich Steven A. , Boulware David , Yeatman Timothy , Wang Hong‐Gang
Published: October 2008

BACKGROUND.

Bax‐interacting factor‐1 (Bif‐1) protein is a member of the endophilin B family that plays a critical role in apoptosis, autophagy, and mitochondrial morphology. Loss of Bif‐1 suppresses programmed cell death and promotes tumorigenesis. The connection of Bif‐1 to colorectal cancer remains to be evaluated.

METHODS.

To determine Bif‐1 expression in human colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC), the authors performed immunohistochemistry using stage‐oriented cancer tissue microarrays containing 102 CRC samples of different stages and 38 samples of normal colorectal mucosa (NR). Formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded core sections on the tissue array were immunostained using the avidin‐biotin‐peroxidase method and the anti‐Bif‐1 murine monoclonal antibody. Bif‐1 staining was scored by 2 independent observers. To examine Bif‐1 mRNA levels, the authors performed DNA microarray analysis of 205 CRC and 10 NR samples.

RESULTS.

Bif‐1 expression was negative in 22.5% (23 of 102) of CRCs. Moderate to strong Bif‐1 staining was identified in 36.3% (37 of 102) of the tumors, and weak staining was noted in 41.2% (42 of 102). Twenty‐six of 38 (68.4%) NR samples exhibited moderate to strong Bif‐1 immunoreactivity, and none of them was negative. In 12 (31.6%) cases NR demonstrated weak Bif‐1 stain. The mean (median) scores for CRCs and NR differed significantly: 3.2 (3.0) and 5.2 (6.0), respectively (P = .0003). The percentage of cases with negative expression also differed significantly between NR and CRC (P = .002). Decreased Bif‐1 expression in CRCs was confirmed at the mRNA level by microarray analysis.

CONCLUSIONS.

The authors report the down‐regulation of Bif‐1 during the transition from NR to CRC, a novel finding in agreement with the tumor suppressor function of Bif‐1. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Expression of the embryonic lethal abnormal vision‐like protein HuR in human mesothelioma
Authors: Stoppoloni Daniela , Cardillo Irene , Verdina Alessandra , Vincenzi Bruno , Menegozzo Simona , Santini Mario , Sacchi Ada , Baldi Alfonso , Galati Rossella
Published: October 2008

BACKGROUND.

The human embryonic lethal abnormal vision (ELAV)‐like protein HuR is a messenger RNA (mRNA)‐binding protein that controls the stability of certain transcripts, including cyclooxygenase2 (COX‐2).

METHODS.

To investigate a possible contribution of dysregulation of mRNA stability to the progression of cancer and to COX‐2 over expression in mesothelioma, the authors studied expression of COX‐2 and HuR in 5 mesothelioma cell lines (MSTO, NCI, Ist‐Mes1, Ist‐Mes2, and MPP89) and in a group of 29 human mesothelioma specimens that were characterized previously for COX‐2 expression.

RESULTS.

All 5 cell lines expressed HuR, whereas COX‐2 was not detectable in MSTO or NCI cells. Treatment with cytokines induced a shift in systolic HuR protein levels in MPP89 and Ist‐Mes2 cells that was accompanied by an increase in the expression of COX‐2 mRNA and protein. In Ist‐Mes1 cells, cytokine stimulation did not cause the passage of HuR from nucleus to cytoplasm, and the synthesis of COX‐2 did not increase. In tumor tissues, immunohistochemistry revealed a positive, statistically significant correlation between high COX‐2 expression and cytoplasmic localization of HuR (P = .016). Moreover, on univariate analysis, overall survival was found to be influenced strongly by cytoplasmic HuR localization (P = .004).

CONCLUSIONS.

The current results suggested that HuR plays a role in tumor progression in mesothelioma and that COX‐2 may be a target of its activity in neoplastic cells. Together, these observations indicate that strategies aiming toward the modulation of HuR may have a potential clinical benefit in mesothelioma. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Health care utilization by adult Hispanic long‐term survivors of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Prasad Pinki K. , Sun Can‐Lan , Baker K. Scott , Francisco Liton , Forman Stephen , Bhatia Smita , Shankar Sadhna M.
Published: October 2008

BACKGROUND.

Long‐term hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) survivors have a high prevalence of severe and chronic health conditions, placing significant demands on the healthcare system. The objective of the current study was to evaluate and compare the healthcare utilization by adult Hispanic and non‐Hispanic white long‐term survivors of HCT.

METHODS.

A mailed questionnaire was used to assess self‐reported healthcare utilization in 3 domains: general contact with healthcare system, general physical examination outside cancer center (GPE), and cancer/HCT center visit. Eligible individuals had undergone HCT between 1974 and 1998, at age ≥21 years, and had survived ≥2 years after HCT.

RESULTS.

The cohort included 681 non‐Hispanic white and 137 Hispanic survivors. The median age at HCT was 38.3 years, and the median length of follow‐up was 6.6 years. Hispanic survivors had lower family income and education and were more likely to lack health insurance. The prevalence of GPE increased significantly over time among non‐Hispanic whites (67% at 2‐5 years to 76% at 11+ years) but remained unchanged among Hispanics (66% to 61%). Cancer/HCT center visits declined over time among both Hispanics and non‐Hispanic whites, but a higher proportion of Hispanics reported cancer/HCT center visits at 11+ years after HCT (81% vs 54%).

CONCLUSIONS.

Compared with non‐Hispanic whites, Hispanic survivors are less likely to establish contact with primary care providers years after HCT and to continue to receive care at cancer/HCT centers. Future studies of this population are needed to establish the factors responsible for this pattern of healthcare utilization. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Sites of distant recurrence and clinical outcomes in patients with metastatic triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Lin Nancy U. , Claus Elizabeth , Sohl Jessica , Razzak Abdul R. , Arnaout Amal , Winer Eric P.
Published: October 2008

BACKGROUND.

The purpose of the current study was to characterize the outcomes of patients with metastatic triple‐negative breast cancers, including the risk and clinical consequences of central nervous system (CNS) recurrence.

METHODS.

Using pharmacy and pathology records, a study group of 116 patients who were treated for metastatic triple‐negative breast cancer at Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute between January 2000 and June 2006 was identified.

RESULTS.

The median survival from time of metastatic diagnosis was 13.3 months. Sixteen patients (14%) were diagnosed with CNS involvement at the time of initial metastatic diagnosis; overall, 46% of patients were diagnosed with CNS metastases before death. The median survival after a diagnosis of CNS metastasis was 4.9 months. The age‐adjusted and race‐adjusted rate of death for patients whose first presentation included a CNS metastasis was 3.4 times (95% confidence interval, 1.9‐6.1 times) that of patients without a CNS lesion at the time of first metastatic presentation. Of the 53 patients who developed brain metastases, only 3 patients were judged to have stable or responsive systemic disease in the face of progressive CNS disease at the last follow‐up before death.

CONCLUSIONS.

Triple‐negative breast cancer is associated with poor survival after recurrence. CNS recurrence is common, but death as a direct consequence of CNS progression in the setting of controlled systemic disease is uncommon. Thus, it does not appear that the high rate of CNS involvement is because of a sanctuary effect, but rather is due to the lack of effective therapies in general for this aggressive subtype of breast cancer. New treatment strategies are needed. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in 13 patients with Fanconi anemia after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Masserot Caroline , Peffault de Latour Régis , Rocha Vanderson , Leblanc Thierry , Rigolet Arnaud , Pascal Francis , Janin Anne , Soulier Jean , Gluckman Eliane , Socié Gérard
Published: October 2008

BACKGROUND.

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a chromosomal instability disorder with a very high risk of developing head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), most notably after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

METHODS.

In the current study, the authors reported 13 cases of HNSCC in FA patients who underwent HSCT at the Saint Louis Hospital between 1976 and 2007.

RESULTS.

The median age of the patients at time of HSCT was 9.7 years. All patients received irradiation‐based conditioning before HSCT and all developed extensive chronic graft versus host disease (GVHD). HNSCC was diagnosed at a median interval of 10 years after HSCT, mainly in numerous sites within the oral cavity (11 patients). Lymph node involvement was diagnosed in 4 patients. The TNM classification was: T1 in 6 patients, T2 in 2 patients, T3 in 2 patients, and T4 in 3 patients. Treatment was comprised of surgery in 10 patients, with clear surgical margins reported in 7 (including cervical lymph node dissection in 6 patients). Surgery was performed in addition to other treatments in only 2 patients (radiotherapy or cryotherapy). For the remaining 3 patients, treatment consisted in radiotherapy (2 patients) or chemotherapy (1 patient). Disease progression while receiving therapy was observed in 5 patients and 5 other patients developed disease recurrence between 3.5 and 23.7 months after treatment. Death occurred in 11 patients. At the time of last follow‐up, only 2 patients were alive without any disease between 9 and 23 months after diagnosis.

CONCLUSIONS.

HNSCC developing in FA patients after HSCT is associated with a very poor prognosis. A systematic surveillance of the oral cavity is essential to permit early surgery, which to the authors' knowledge remains the only curative treatment for a minority of patients. It is very important to attempt to prevent this cancer by reducing chronic GVHD and using conditioning without irradiation. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Downregulation of glial glutamate transporters after dopamine denervation in the striatum of 6‐hydroxydopamine‐lesioned rats
Authors: Chung E.K.Y. , Chen L.W. , Chan Y.S. , Yung K.K.L.
Published: October 2008

Overactivity of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the basal ganglia is known to be closely related to the onset and pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Glutamate homeostasis around glutamatergic synapses is tightly regulated by two groups of glutamate transporters: glial glutamate transporters GLT1 (EAAT2) and GLAST (EAAT1), and neuronal glutamate transporter EAAC1. In order to investigate the changes of glutamate transporters after the onset of Parkinson's disease, unilateral 6‐hydroxydopamine‐lesioned rat, an animal model of Parkinson's disease, was employed. By immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses, GLT1 and GLAST proteins were significantly reduced in the striatum with lesion. No change in GLT1 and GLAST protein was found in the substantia nigra. The reduction of GLT1 protein in the striatum was more prominent than that of GLAST protein (≈40% vs. 20%). In addition, EAAC1 protein was found to be increased in the substantia nigra pars reticulata of the lesioned rats but not in the striatum. The present results indicate that reductions of GLT1 and GLAST may impair glutamate homeostasis around glutamatergic synapses in the striatum and contribute to over‐spills of glutamate in the system. An increase in the EAAC1 level in the substantia nigra pars reticulata may increase GABA synthesis and enhance GABAergic neurotransmission. These results indicate that there are differential and distinct modulations of glutamate transporters after dopamine denervation in the 6‐hydroxydopamine‐lesioned rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 511:421–437, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A comparison of the choice of monoclonal antibodies for recovery of fetal cells from maternal blood using FACS for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies
Authors: D'Souza Edna , Ghosh Kanjaksha , Colah Roshan
Published: October 2008

Background

Isolation of adequate numbers of fetal cells circulating in the maternal circulation is the major hurdle in developing noninvasive prenatal diagnostic procedures. We used flow cytometry and a combination of different monoclonal antibodies to compare the yield and purity of the fetal nucleated red blood cells at different periods of gestation.

Methods

Using a Percoll discontinuous gradient, the fetal nucleated erythrocytes were enriched from 7 ml maternal blood. In 100 samples, the enriched cells were stained with CD45, anti‐fetal hemoglobin, and glycophorin A antibodies and in 30 samples they were stained with CD45, anti‐fetal hemoglobin, and CD71 and then sorted and used for fetal diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies.

Results

Using the first set of antibodies, although we were able to obtain a higher percentage of fetal nucleated red cells (0.07% ± 0.2%) as compared to the second set which yielded comparatively smaller numbers (0.025% ± 0.03%), there was some compromise in purity.

Conclusion

Using CD45, anti‐fetal hemoglobin and CD71 would be preferred as minimizing maternal contamination is more important than yield for prenatal diagnosis. © 2008 Clinical Cytometry Society
25‐Hydroxy Vitamin D Levels in Hemodialysis‐Requiring End‐Stage Renal Disease Patients
Authors: Diez Guillermo Javier Rosa , Fassi Juliana , Crucelequi Soledad , Nuñez Hector Rivera , Trillini Matias , Furci Aida , Algranati Salomón , Plantalech Luisa
Published: October 2008

BACKGROUND

Low vitamin D serum levels represent an additional risk factor for end‐stage renal disease (ESRD)–associated bone disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in both the summer and winter seasons, as well as to define the associated risk factors, and to establish the link between secondary hyperparathyroidism and circulating 25‐hydroxy vitamin D (25 [OH]‐D) serum levels.

METHODS

Seventy‐eight hemodialysis (HD)–requiring ESRD outpatients living in Buenos Aires, Argentina, age 57.2 ± 2.07 years (21–86 years) were evaluated at the end of summer (SUM) and the end of winter (WIN). Then 25 (OH)‐D, serum calcium (Ca), intact parathormone, ionized Ca (Ca11), phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, C‐reactive protein, and serum albumin were evaluated. The participants were evaluated according to the 25 (OH)‐D levels following KDOQI guidelines. The participants were assigned to 2 groups according to their Karnofsky scores for functional capacity (FC): FC 1–2 (normal physical capacity full‐time to only part‐time) and FC 3–4 (limited capacity only for self care to needs permanent assistance).

RESULTS

Seasonal variations in 25 (OH)‐D (WIN 18.1 ± 1.15 ng/mL vs. SUM 29.2 ± 1.35 ng/mL, p < 0.001) were verified. Male patients displayed higher 25 (OH)‐D serum levels than female participants (20.3 ± 1.5 ng/mL vs. 15.4 ± 1.6 ng/mL, p < 0.01). We observed (WIN/SUM) vitamin D deficiency in 48.7/11.8%, insufficiency in 41/39.5%, and target levels in 10.3/48.7% of the population. Severe deficiency was not detected. The mean variation in WIN/SUM 25 (OH)‐D level was 11.08 ± 1.04 ng/mL, which correlated with age (r = 20.59, p = 0.02). Patients with FC 3–4 displayed the lowest 25 (OH)‐D levels, and this was associated with older age (70.8 ± 3.12 years vs. 50.4 ± 2.16 years, p < 0.01), severe disease (C‐reactive protein: 22.8 ± 6.26 mg/L vs. 10.2 ± 2.8 mg/L, p = 0.02), and poor nutritional status (albumin: 3.8 ± 0.09 vs. 4.1 ± 0.04, p = 0.0049; creatinine: 7.4 ± 0.4 mg/dL vs. 8.4 ± 0.29 mg/dL, p = 0.04). Multivariate analysis with 25 (OH)‐D as the dependent variable demonstrated that both FC and sex independently predicted serum levels of 25 (OH)‐D. No association between intact parathormone and 25 (OH)‐D was detected.

CONCLUSIONS

Fifty percent of the HD‐requiring ESRD patients showed 25 (OH)‐D insufficiency/deficiency. This finding was more frequent in winter. Women and older patients were at higher risk. Those individuals displaying optimal 25 (OH)‐D levels showed better health indicators for HD‐requiring ESRD patients. FC assessed through the Karnofsky score was a useful clinical parameter able to identify patients at risk of 25 (OH)‐D deficiency. In our population, renal disease‐associated secondary hyperparathyroidism did not correlate with vitamin D deficiency.
General expression of outage probability in cooperative networks
Authors: Renk T. , Jaekel H. , Kloeck C. , Jondral F. K.
Published: October 2008

A general expression of outage probability in a wireless relay network with an arbitrary number of relays and selection combining at the destination is derived. This formula is then adopted to independent but not identically distributed channel coefficients and lower and upper bounds are developed. We study two relay schemes: the one‐relay case and the two‐relay case. The latter can further be divided into a two‐phase and a three‐phase transmission scheme which depend on the cooperation among the relays. For all considered cases, outage probabilities in Rayleigh fading environments are derived and analysed and it is demonstrated by numerical simulations that all relay protocols achieve full order of diversity. We further elaborate the impact of relay locations on outage probability. Finally, we discuss the required signal‐to‐noise ratio in order to achieve a predefined outage probability. With respect to the mentioned evaluation metrics the two‐phase relaying scheme achieves by far the best performance, however, with the drawback of increased receiver complexity. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Youth violence as adaptation? Introduction to the special issue
Authors: Swisher Raymond R. , Latzman Robert D.
Published: October 2008

This article introduces the special issue of the journal on the topic of youth violence as adaptation to community violence. Contrary to the predominant perspective that youth violence is a sign of dysfunction or maladaptation, the articles collected here consider whether some youth violence may have positively adaptive consequences in the face of community violence. In addition to reviewing the contributions and limitations of each article, the editors propose a life course/ecological framework for guiding future research. In particular, they call for additional interdisciplinary collaboration and longitudinal research designs that will enable researchers to address many unresolved theoretical and methodological questions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Aggressive behavior in response to violence exposure: is it adaptive for middle‐school children?
Authors: Salzinger Suzanne , Rosario Margaret , Feldman Richard S. , Ng‐Mak Daisy S.
Published: October 2008

The role of aggression in adaptation to family and community violence was examined in a sample of 667 inner‐city schoolchildren studied annually over three years in middle school. Regression analyses indicated that the association between Year 1 exposure to family and community violence and Year 2 aggression was mediated by aggression occurring contemporaneously with Year 1 exposure. Cognitive justification of aggression and friends' delinquency made small independent contributions to prediction of Year 2 aggression, delinquency, and externalizing behaviors. Year 2 aggression mediated the association between Year 1 community violence victimization and Year 3 negative adaptation (internalizing problems, anxiety, and depression). Year 2 aggression also mediated the negative association between Year 1 witnessing community violence and Year 3 positive adaptation (self‐esteem). Cognitive justification of aggression and friends' delinquency made independent contributions to Year 3 negative adaptation. The pattern of relations among variables infrequently varied by gender. Implications for intervention are discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biosocial bases of reactive and proactive aggression: the roles of community violence exposure and heart rate
Authors: Scarpa Angela , Tanaka Akiho , Chiara Haden Sara
Published: October 2008

In order to more fully understand how individual differences influence adaptation to violence, this study examined the moderating influence of resting heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV) between community violence (CV) exposure and child reactive/proactive aggression. Forty 7‐13‐year‐old community children self‐reported CV exposure (i.e., victimization, witnessing, or hearing about violence) and were assessed for resting HR and HRV. Parents rated them on reactive/proactive aggression. CV victimization was positively related to proactive aggression only in conditions of low HR, and witnessed CV was positively related to reactive aggression only in conditions of high HRV. Main effects were not found for CV exposure or psychophysiological functioning, suggesting the importance of their interaction. Findings are discussed in terms of HR under‐arousal, emotion dysregulation, fearlessness, and behavioral disinhibition as components that can increase aggression in response to violent contexts. Findings support a biosocial basis for childhood aggression and have implications for prevention and treatment. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.