bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Realization of Formulaic Expressions in EFL Teacher-Student Classroom Interactions
Authors: Indriyani Lia , Rukmini Dwi , Widhiyanto Widhiyanto
Published: May 2022

Formulaic expressions are essential for developing students' communicative competence to speak English naturally and fluently. This research aimed to determine how the EFL teachers and students used the five types of formulaic expressions in their classroom interactions. This study is discourse analysis, particularly conversation analysis, using a qualitative research approach. The research subjects were two teachers and thirty-one students from two different EFL classes in a private high school in Semarang. The data were obtained by recording their 5x40 minutes' classroom interactions. The video recordings were transcribed and then observed. After all of the data were collected, they were classified and analyzed based on Biber et al.'s (1999) framework and then described qualitatively. The study results showed that the teachers and the students realized all five types of formulaic expressions; lexical bundles, idiomatic phrases, free combinations of verb+particle, binomial expressions, and inserts. It shows that the teachers and the students are able to speak relatively natural English. By doing the further analysis, it was also found that even though the teachers used the formulaic expressions a lot more than the students, the orders of the frequency of formulaic expressions used are similar, as well as some expressions used. Surprisingly, it was revealed that there were some expressions which were not used by the teachers but were realized by the students.
Evaluation of Micro and Macro-level Coherence of Students Argumentative Essays in ESAWEEK Writing Competition
Authors: Fuadiyah Shofyatul , Wuli Fitriati Sri , Widhiyanto Widhiyanto
Published: May 2022

One of the most important aspects of writing a meaningful text is to achieve its coherence within the text. This study evaluated students' argumentative essays' micro and macro-level coherence in the ESA WEEK writing competition. This research is a qualitative study in the form of a discourse analysis approach by using the theory through the lens of micro and macro-level coherence (Thornburry, 2005). This study reveals several findings. Almost all the texts are sufficient to have good logical relations. The most frequent connections are additive and causal ties. In terms of logical relationships, the most frequent pattern in the texts was the zig-zag pattern, and the rarely used was the multiple rheme pattern. Even though all patterns were in texts, some rogue sentences were still found in each text. The keywords could represent the texts' topic or theme in almost every paragraph. It made readers guess the main issue quickly. Some writers could build a schema well, but others could not. Most of the texts organized in argumentative essays structure has Introduction-Body-Conclusion. This study can be used as a consideration to write meaningful and coherent text and references in the same field of discourse analysis.
Coherence in The Narrative Texts of Eastvaganza Story Writing Contest for Senior High-School Students
Authors: Mamduhan Rifqi Hazmi , Fitriati Sri Wuli , Sutopo Djoko
Published: May 2022

This study analyzes narratives written by six students who joined a story writing contest. It is assumed that the students who joined in the writing contest had fair knowledge in writing, so the texts may achieve coherence. This study uses qualitative research in the form of discourse analysis. The focuses of the study are to investigate micro and macro level coherence, tense use, and the context of situation of the texts. This study uses the theories from Thornbury (2005), Ellis (1997), and Eggins (1994). This study is aimed to know the quality of coherent text in the studentsâ€™ narrative. The findings of this study showed that constant theme patterns became the most frequent occurred in the narratives followed by zig-zag patterns and sentences which has no patterns. The sentences which have patterns might be logic in continuity. For the macro-level coherence, key word aspect became the most found in the narratives. The words represented the main characters in the stories. The macro-scripts showed that the narratives mostly use the script orientation-complication-resolution in arranging the paragraphs. The tense errors were found in almost all narratives. The findings showed three narratives had more errors than correct ones. The situational coherence showed that the fields in the texts were about heroes who had done something precious in their life. The tenors of the texts were same, namely between story writers and story readers. The modes of the texts were also the same. The texts are delivered by written media, so the texts did not have visual and aural distance between story writers and story readers. The goal of the texts is only for constructing experience.
The Use of Cohesive Devices to Achieve Coherence in the Background Section of the Students' Formal Writing
Authors: Amperawaty Anis , Warsono Warsono
Published: May 2022

A good writing is one that is cohesive and coherence. Cohesive and coherence are essential textual components to create organized and comprehensiveness of the texts. Coherence refers to the quality of being meaningful or we can say that coherence is when a text hangs together. The research has been intended to find cohesion and coherence devices in the background sections of the studentsâ€™ formal writing. The sources were 10 background sections of the studentsâ€™ final projects from undergraduate students at Universitas Negeri Semarang. The qualitative analysis was performed to explore the results. The results of the analysis showed that the background sections of the studentsâ€™ formal writing contain all kinds of cohesion and coherence devices. The background sections of the studentsâ€™ final project contain grammatical cohesion (reference, ellipsis, substitution, conjunction) and lexical cohesion (reiteration and collocation). Coherence devices (theme-rhyme and micro level) are also contained in the data. Through this article the writers want to help students to have a better understanding of making background sections in their final projects.
The Effectiveness of Inside-Outside Circle and Jigsaw Techniques in Teaching Interpersonal Conversation for High and Low Self-Confident Students
Authors: Carascalao Oscar Yustino , Anggani Linggar Bharati Dwi , Faridi Abdurrachman
Published: May 2022

This study is an experimental research with a factorial design which aimed to find out effectiveness of inside-outside circle and jigsaw techniques in teaching interpersonal conversation for high and low self-confident students. The samples of the study were tenth graders of SMA Krista Mitra Semarang the 2018/2019 academic year. There were two classes, experimental class I and experimental class II which every class consisted of 20 students. Inside-outside Circle technique was used in the experimental class I, while Jigsaw technique was used in experimental class II. To answer research questions number one up to four, T-test was used. To answer research question number five and six, studentsâ€™ mean scores in experimental class I and II were compared. While two-ways ANOVA with F-test at the 5% (0.05) level of significance was used to answer the seventh question. The result of this study showed that inside-outside circle and jigsaw techniques are effective to be used in teaching interpersonal conversation for high and low self-confident students. There were no significant differences of achievement between high and low self-confidence students using inside-outside circle and jigsaw techniques. For the interaction among the variables, it shows that there was no interaction among the techniques, studentsâ€™ self-confidence, and studentsâ€™ interpersonal conversation skill.
Teachersâ€™questioning Strategies to Scaffold Studentsâ€™ Learning in Reading
Authors: Anisah Nur , Wuli Fitriati Sri , Rukmini Dwi
Published: May 2022

The objectives of this study are to analyze the type of teachersâ€™ questioning strategies to scaffold studentsâ€™ learning in reading, to analyze the studentsâ€™ responses to answer the teachersâ€™ questions, to analyze teachersâ€™ questioning strategies in order to explain how the questions scaffold studentsâ€™ learning in reading. The instruments used are classrooms observasion, teachersâ€™ interviews, and document analysis. This study uses descriptive qualitative approach: a case study in Nasima Junior High School by means of questioning strategies proposed by Wragg and Brown (2001). The data are taken from classroom interaction of three teachers and sixty two students in three classes in nine meetings.The study shows that the teachers used all variant of key tactic questions.  The most frequent strategy is  listening to replies and responding tactic. In the term of studentsâ€™ responses, the mostly response is active response in pure English. In the case of teachersâ€™ questioning strategies to scaffold studentsâ€™ learning reading, structuring, pitching and putting clearly, and directing and distributing tactic frequently perfome in before reading activities. During reading activities, the teachers performe all variant of key tactic question to scaffold the students, exceptly pacing tactic was never applied. In after reading activities, teachers mostly play sequencing tactic and pitching and putting clearly tactic to scaffold studentsâ€™ learning reading.
The The Use of Appraising Items in Doyleâ€™s Novel Titled A Study in Scarlet
Authors: Rahimi Ranti Harvi , Fitriati Sri Wuli , Sutopo Djoko
Published: May 2022

This research investigated the interpersonal meaning in A Study in Scarlet, how the appraising items used by the main characters and also its pedagogical implication to English education by using the framework by Halliday (2004) and Kress van Leeuwen (2006). The objectives of this research were to explain the use of the attitude, consisting of affect, judgment, and appreciation. This research was a discourse analysis which belongs to qualitative research. The source was nine chapters from the novel which is divided into two parts. The object was the utterances from the main characters. The units of the research were the clauses consisted in the chapters. The finding showed that the use of the attitude was dominated by Dr. Watson as the main character and also the narrator. In affect, he used mostly happiness, negative capacity, normality in judgment and positive reaction in appreciation. It can be concluded that the writer portrayed Sherlock Holmes through Dr. Watsonâ€™s utterances and monologues in order to show Holmes characters, how he reacted to series of events in the novel by using certain appraising items. By applying appraising items in teaching-learning, this research hopefully could help students to enhance their interpersonal skills in communication inside or outside the classroom to reach the purpose of having varied and natural conversation also a mutual understanding.
THE The Use of Attitudinal Domain in The English Version of Wedding Procession Natoni at South Central Timor
Authors: Faot Yusanti Nenci , Fitriati Sri Wuli , Faridi Abdurrachman
Published: May 2022

This research investigated the attitudinal domain in the English version of wedding procession Natoni. The language of evaluation: Appraisal in English by Martin and White (2005) book was used as a foundation in this research. The data which consisted of photos documentation were analyzed by the researcher. The unit of analysis of this research was words or phrases in the English version of wedding procession Natoni. There were several procedures for analyzing data including reading, identifying, categorizing, and analyzing. In order to validate the findings, the data, and analysis of this research had been examined and judged by researchers. Two of them were from Universitas Negeri Semarang who previously conducted the Appraisal system research and a lecture of UKAW Kupang as an expert who has previously conducted some research related to appraisal system. The findings revealed that the appreciation was the highest appraising used in the wedding process. The use of appreciation in appraising subsystem made a man and woman able to give advice to each other in a successful wedding procession which can be seen through words or phrases they used. In conclusion, this research suggested that speakers should use the appropriate words or phrases in order to avoid misunderstanding in giving advice. In addition, by understanding the attitudinal domain, people can create a good conversation to interact with each other.
The Semantic Equivalence of Culture Specific Terms in The English-Indonesian Translation of Novel The Duchess War By Courtney Milan
Authors: Navik Susi , Hartono Rudi , Sutopo Djoko
Published: May 2022

This study aims to classifyand identify how the semantic equivalence of culture-specific terms achieved in English-Indonesian translation of novel The Duchess War. The aims then break down into five, following Newmarkâ€™s categorization of culture-specific terms; ecology, material, social, organizations, customs, and ideasand thelast is gestures and habits. The original novel investigated entitled The Duchess War by Courtney Milan and its translation entitled â€œSkandal Sang Duchessâ€translatedy Eka Budiarti as the subject of this study. The limitation of this study covers up the semantic equivalence of culture-specific terms of the English-Indonesian translation of novel The Duchess Warby considering the seven types of meaning proposed by Leech (1974); conceptual, connotative, stylistic, affective, reflective, collocative, and thematic meaning.Descriptive qualitative research is employed in this study. The data gathered through 490 sentences containing culture-specific terms were identified and after reducing the redundancy of the data, researcher found there are 106 types of culture-specific terms and categorized into five categorizations following Newmarkâ€™s. The result shows of 106 culture-specific terms, there are 20,75% ecology culture, 39,62% of material culture, 16,04% of social culture, 21,70% of organizations, customs, and ideas, and the last is gestures and habits that has 1,89% of data.Based on the data, there are some similar culture-specific terms found based on the data gained. The same culture-specific terms categorization found, but the meaning is different, or the same in meaning but different in TT translation. Those happened because the translator considers the context in the usage of certain terms. All the data has been examined by the expert and the different meaning due to the suitable context in the novel The Duchess War. Hence, the culture-specific terms between ST and TT are semantically equivalent.
The Effectiveness of Affective and Social Strategies to Teach Speaking for Students with High and Low self Confidence
Authors: Shofwani Siti Aniqoh , Faridi Abdurrahman , Anggani Linggar Bharati Dwi
Published: May 2022

The English subject in formal school becomes one of the important material in Indonesia. The purpose of learning a foreign language here is; to make the students be able to communicate in using English not only in written form but also orally. This research is quantitative, where the findings are presenting in the graphic and diagram with the calculation of results. The findings show, there are pre-test, materials delivering and post-test into two class. It shows in the pre-test, IPS I is better than IPS II, it can be seen by the score and the performance in the video. During the pre-test, IPS I is more variety in uttering the language, they can enhance the utterances although it still not be perfect. Treatment is done after pre-test, in this activity, the researcher gives materials in greeting, how to make good utterances and how to enhance the utterances during speaking so that the time while the test can be more efficient. After that, in post-test activity, IPS I is still dominant in a better score and perform better because they can use phatic and enhance their utterances and make their time test more efficient. Finally, that research has the suggestion for the teacher in teaching speaking if using social and affective strategies are effective to develop the ability of the students in oral language.
The Implementation of Thematic Development in Exposition Texts by EFL Learners
Authors: Williyan Aldha , Sutopo Djoko , Widhiyanto Widhiyanto
Published: May 2022

The ability to implement the Thematic development is important in writing exposition text.  Moreover, the exposition text is written to convince the readers.  It means the writers are required to achieve the readersâ€™ expectation.  This study therefore aims to explore EFL learnersâ€™ exposition texts using Thematic progressions.  The analysis of this element reveals the logical relations which become the main aspect in the text to achieve micro-level of coherence.  Three exposition texts written by high, average and low proficiency level learners, are analyzed using systemic functional linguistics approaches on discourse analysis.  The analysis reveals that the exposition text written by high proficiency level learner successfully implements the Thematic progressions and hence it achieves the micro-level of coherence.  The Theme re-iteration patterns are implemented to keep the text focused.  The zig-zag patterns are used to construct newly introduced information.  Then, the multiple Theme patterns are implemented, especially in thesis statements of the texts, to preview the argument that will follow in the texts.  Differently, the exposition text written by average proficiency level learner overuses one of the patterns, namely the Theme re-iteration patterns.  This makes the text stuck in only same idea.  However, the micro-level of coherence is still achieved as the logical relations of the text are still implemented successfully.  Lastly, the exposition text written by low proficiency level learner unsuccessfully implements the Thematic progressions and hence the micro-level of coherence is not achieved.  In sum, the implementation of Thematic progressions helps the texts to hang together and make sense.
The The Realization of Refusal Strategies in Political Interviews Used by Donald Trump--The President of the United States of America
Authors: Ariyanti Rodiah Hindria , Rukmini Dwi , Mujiyanto Januarius
Published: May 2022

Refusal is not simple to be taught to language learners. It is challenging act due to its intrinsically face threatening nature. This study is aimed at finding out the realization of refusal strategies in five different channels of political interviews used by Donald Trump--The President of United States of America. The method of collecting data is documentation. The researcher uses descriptive qualitative in analyzing the data.  The results show that there are direct and indirect refusal strategies used by President Trump in five different channels of political interviews. In direct strategy, there are â€˜noâ€™ and negative willingness. Moreover, in indirect strategy, there are excuse reason and explanation, promise for future acceptance, statement of principle, threat or negative consequences, criticizing or statement of negative feeling or opinion, and verbal avoidance. Further, there are the similarities and differences of refusal strategies used by President Trump among the five different channels of political interviews. The similarities are shown in the interview with CNN; he is more indirect to refuse the interviewersâ€™ want. It is similar to the interview with FOX and CBS News that he is more indirect too. In addition, the differences are shown that in the interview with CNN, FOX, and CBS News, he uses more indirect refusal strategies. In contrast, in ABC and CNBC News, he uses more direct refusal strategies. In term of social status, he uses more of indirect refusal strategies to the interviewers who have lower social status. It means that he wants to soften the offending of interlocutorâ€™s face in refusals. This study also gives pedagogical implication for the language learners to improve their pragmatic competence especially in refusal speech act. Thus, they can use refusals appropriately for communication.
The The Implementation of Cultural Filter in English-Indonesian Translation of Children Comic The Wizards of Mickey: The Dark Ages
Authors: Tacazely Alrina Raras , Yuliasri Issy , Hartono Rudi
Published: May 2022

In translation, cultural differences become a huge obstacle for the translators to create a good translation. This study aims to explain the cultural filters in English-Indonesian translation of the children comic based on the dimensions proposed by House (2004, 2005). It also explains the functional equivalence achieved by the translation of the comic. This study is a descriptive qualitative study. In collecting the data, the researcher used transcription, table of cultural filters based on the dimensions of the cultural filters, and table of functional equivalence. The data were analyzed based on the dimensions of cultural filters in the terms of directness, orientation towards self versus orientation towards other, orientation towards content versus orientation towards addressee, explicitness versus implicitness, ad-hoc formulation versus verbal routines, and voice. The results showed that there were 310 cultural filters. Out of 310 cultural filters, 118 were explicitness versus implicitness, 85 were ad-hoc formulation versus verbal routines, 64 were orientation towards content versus orientation towards addressee, 15 were directness and orientation towards self versus orientation towards other, and 13 were cultural filter in terms of voice. Relating to the functional equivalence, 287 of them achieved functional equivalence and 23 dialogues did not achieve functional equivalence. It could be concluded that cultural filters could help the translators to overcome the problems relating to cultural differences in both source language and target language. Besides, it also helps the translation to achieve functional equivalence.
The Adjacency Pair Patterns in Spoken Interaction of Roundtable Discussion With Susi Pudjiastuti
Authors: Iswara Jati Widya , Rukmini Dwi , Widhiyanto Widhiyanto
Published: May 2022

Conversation Analysis (CA) is an issue of Pragmatics. CA is a way to analyze a conversation by its elements such as turn-taking, and adjacency pair produced by the speakers. In this present study, the researcher conduct research in the field of CA, but more specific the researcher investigates in the adjacency pair patterns and communicative functions in spoken interaction of roundtable discussion with Susi Pudjiastuti. Since people know that Minister Susi has a lot of controversy on her duty as an Indonesia Minister of Maritime affairs and Fisheries, there are such unique facts that can be seen by this present study. The aims of this research are to investigate how do the adjacency pair patterns constructn the spoken interaction of roundtable discussion with Susi Pudjiastuti, how the communicative functions realized in the roundtable discussion, and how do the power and status relation reflect to the participants of roundtable discussion. Qualitative method used in this present study. The researcher found eleven patterns of adjacency pair that construct in the rountable discussion. Then, eleven communicative functions were realized in the roundtable discussion. At last, the researcher found many interruption produced by Minister Susi, and it shown that power and status relation reflect to the way she is more dominated in the roundtable discussion. This research has beneficial value for teacher, lecturer, and student in order to enrich their knowledge especially in adjacency pair patterns.
The Effect of Buginese Language Transfer on Studentsâ€™ English Pronunciation: A Case Study at SMAN 4 Barru
Authors: Harun Lisa Binti , Mujiyanto Januarius , Faridi Abdurrachman
Published: May 2022

Indonesia is a country consists of various cultures and possesses hundreds of native language. Therefore, in the process of l2 acquisition, the impact of L1 on English articulation certainly is seen as a tough obstacle for the Indonesian EFL learners. In SLA, it is known as language transfer. Buginese language as one of the native language existed in South Sulawesi also gave positive and negative transfer towards English pronunciation. It was proven through a qualitative case study employed towards 20 students from XI IPA 2 at SMAN 4 Barru. To obtain the data, several methods were undergone such as questionnaires, studentsâ€™ recording, interview and observation. The results of the study showed that Buginese language gave major negative transfer towards vowels /É™/ and /Ã¦/, diphthongs /ÉªÉ™/, /eÉ™/, /ÊŠÉ™/ and /É™ÊŠ/, consonants /p/, /f/, /Å‹/ and /n/, and also clusters skr/, /spl/ (initial), /sk/, and /bl/. Moreover, this language gave minor negative transfer towards long vowels /i:/, /É‘:/, /É”:/, and /u:/ and vowels /É’/, also consonants /Ê¤/, /Ê’/, /z/, /v/, /Ã°/, /Î¸/, /Ê§/, and /Êƒ/. It did not give any transfer towards diphthongs /eÉª/ (initial), /aÉª/ (initial and final) and /aÊŠ/. Besides that, Buginese language also gave minor positive transfer towards; vowels /ÊŒ/, /Éª/, /e/, /ÊŠ/ and /É”/, diphthongs /É”Éª/, /eÉª/ (middle and final), and /aÉª/ (middle), and also consonants /b/, /d/, /g/, /h/, /k/, /l/, /m/, /r/, /s/, /t/, /w/ and /y/. Last, the role of the teacher in improving studentsâ€™ pronunciation was considered lack and need to be improved.
The Realization of Commissive Speech Acts in the First Debate of South Carolina Governor Election 2018
Authors: Dashela Tarina , Mujiyanto Januarius , Warsono Warsono
Published: May 2022

In communication, commissive is a kind of speech acts that commit a speaker to do some future action. People should have the ability to produce and understand sentences which are appropriate in order to communicate effectively. The aims of this study are to analyze  the candidatesâ€™ utterance and the candidatesâ€™ visual expression, and also  to explain the roles of power and social distance in the debate. Qualitative method is applied in this study. There are five instruments which are used in this study, such as observation, recording technique, Searle and Vandervekenâ€™s (1985) theory, Navarro and Karlinâ€™s (2008) theory, and Trosborgâ€™s (1994) theory. The collected data are especially in form of words, sentences, or pictures. The findings showed that there are six types of commissive speech acts used by two candidates, namely promise, assure, threaten, guarantee, offer, and refuse. It indicated that the most common commissive speech acts found is a promise. In addition, the second findings presented that there are seven types of visual expressions by two candidates, such as putting the hand in the pocket, tongue-jutting behavior, furrowed forehead, arm-distancing, palms-up, interlaced fingers, and hand-steepling. The most dominant visual expression by two candidates is palms-up. It meant that the candidates wanted to be believed or wanted to be accepted. The last findings explained that power (status) and social distance. They had equal status in power, had different perception, and had a space line in the debate.  Hence, this study can be used in pragmatics class for language learners, especially they will apply appropriately commissive speech acts for the purpose of persuading voters or audiences in communication.
The The Realization of Communication Strategies in Teacher â€“ Student Interactions in Tunas Harum Bangsa Trilingual National School
Authors: Suryaningpram Yosaphat Benny , I. R. Agustien Helena , Mujiyanto Januarius
Published: May 2022

Recently, the need to communicate has been a major concern by many experts. Learners tend to do better in written test than spoken one. It raises the awareness that students deem speaking as the most difficult task to do in learning a language. It may lead to the vast assumption that communicating in L2 is impossible to do. However, experts find that Communication Strategies (CSs) may become the solution. To fill in the gaps in using a language, learners may use CSs. This study aimed to see the most frequently used CSs by young learners. There were 16 Primary School Students who were divided into two categories based on their proficiency levels: High Proficient (HP) and Low Proficient (LP) Students. The data were gathered from the observation of the usage of CSs in real classroom settings and the result of the interview. The result revealed that HP Students tended to use more CSs than LP Students. Then, the students tended to use more Direct Strategies rather than Indirect and Interactional Strategies. Thus, it can be stated that certain kinds of CSs were more familiar for the students to use and may help them to overcome language problem in communicating using L2.
The The Subtitling Strategies and the Semantic Equivalence of Figurative Language in Now You See Me 2 Movie
Authors: Febrianto Nazala Wahyu , Yuliasri Issy , Warsono Warsono
Published: May 2022

There are so many popular movies in Indonesia which come from Hollywood (western countries). They uses English as their language. One of the movies we can find is Now You See Me 2 Movie. Sometimes, figurative language is used inside the movie. However, it is not easy for Indonesian people to understand English. It is why subtitling becomes very important for Indonesian. The aims of this study are: (1) to explain the subtitling strategies used in subtitling figurative language in the movie and (2) to explain the degrees of semantic equivalence of the subtitling strategies. This study is a qualitative descriptive research. To collect the data, the writer used transcription and a table of tabulated script. Transcription was used to transcribe all the dialogue into a transcript. Then, it was tabulated into a table which had been set. All the data was analyzed through transcribing, reading, categorizing, analyzing, interpreting, and drawing conclusion. The result showed that there were 94 utterances of figurative language. From 94 utterances, there were 9 subtitling strategies used; they were Expansion, Paraphrase, Transfer, Imitation, Transcription, Condensation, Decimation, Deletion, and Resignation Strategy. The most used subtitling strategy was Paraphrase Strategy that shared 39.4%. It was used in 37 excerpts. Then, the result of semantic equivalence showed that Fully Equivalent shared 42.5%, Increased Meaning shared 29.8%, and Decreased Meaning shared 7.4%. The category of Non-Equivalent showed that Different Meaning shared 16% and No Meaning shared 4.3%. The Equivalent category shared 80.8% of total 100%.
THE The Use of Music Background in Teaching Reading Comprehension for Negative and Positive Studentsâ€™ Perception
Authors: Saefudin Dery Purnama , Saleh Mursid , Warsono Warsono
Published: May 2022

Reading is a kind of activity to transfer the information and to comprehend the writerâ€™s ideas by the learner through the written or the printed words. Learning achievement is not only determined by the one factor such as teaching method, but also it is affected by some learning factors. Besides, learning is affected by psychological factor such as classroom atmosphere.This study used experimental research. It was aimed to comparing the effectiveness of Beta Wave music, acoustic music, no music, as music background when learning English. This study was  experimental research by using factorial design, it was 3x2 factorial design and use technique of multi factor analysis of variance (ANNOVA) which helped to understand the effect of two or more independent variables upon a single dependent variable, the independent variables are beta wave music, acoustic music, and no music, and the dependent variable is the studentsâ€™ achievement in reading comprehension of tenth graders of SMAN 4 Kota Cirebon. For moderating variables are positive and negative studentsâ€™ perception toward music background.Mostly, students with positive perception were affected by music background whether acoustic and beta wave music as well as none-music background in learning reading comprehension.While students with negative perception were positively affected even a few students were negatively affected by beta music background when they learn reading comprehension. Because, they thought that the music were annoying, then the students felt uncomfortable. But it was different with students with negative perception in experiment A that used acoustic music background. They were positively affected by acoustic music background.The use of acoustic melodic music was effective in developing studentsâ€™ reading comprehension both of students with positive and negative perception toward. While the use of beta wave music background was effective in developing studentsâ€™ reading comprehension for students with positive perception but it was not effective for students with negative perception.
THE The Soundness of Arguments in The American Presidential Debate Between Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump
Authors: Permana Rangga , Saleh Mursid , Wuli Fitriati Sri
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to assess the soundness of arguments uttered by the presidential candidates Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton in the first American Presidential Debate 2016. This study was a qualitative study using Criterial Approach proposed by Hughes (2014). The data were analyzed based on three criteria namely, acceptability, relevance and adequacy. The results of the study show that Hillary Clinton gave 24 arguments supported by 70 premises. 50 of her premises met the criteria of acceptability, and 59 premises met the criteria of relevance 19 met the criteria of adequacy. Overall 5 of her arguments have all the premises fulfilled all the criteria of soundness. While for Donald Trump, he produced 25 arguments, 21 were acceptable, 20 relevant, and 3 adequate. Out of his 25 arguments, only 1 met all the criteria and can be considered as a sound argument. The findings indicated that Hillary Clinton made stronger and sounder arguments since they were supported by more accurate and logical premises. Trump failed to give sound argument since most of his premises were more focused on attacking his opponentâ€™s personality rather than providing solid evidences or convincing reasoning.  The results of this study should be beneficial for high school, college students or everyone who are interested in debating as an example of how to create a logically strong and sound argument.        .
THE FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT BACKWASH IN ENGLISH INSTRUCTION AT KRISTEN NUSANTARA VOCATIONAL SCHOOL
Authors: Aji Kresna Rahma , Hartono Rudi
Published: May 2022

This case study focuses on covert backwash of formative assessment in English instruction and aims to provide framework of teacherâ€™s instruction realizations in administering formative assessment.The subject was a teacher selected by certain established categories. Data collection techniques are observational recording, interview, and questionnaire. The instruments of data collection are checklist of lesson plan, interview, observational recording, and questionnaire. The findings consist of twenty claims. The conclusions are (1) teacherâ€™s elicitation as key point, (2) elicitations to develop cognitive, (3) numbers of elicitation depending on the existence of studentsâ€™ responses, (4) deeper involvement by teacherâ€™s feedbacks, (5) no gap during grammar class orientation, (6) slow response, (7) active and interactive demands for the teacher, and (8) life on-going process of learning. The research suggests English teachers (1) to implement formative assessment conversation (2) to implement the claim because it is helpful in developing student cognition; (4) to provide sometimes of FACC absence for students to get ready into the next step and (5) the non-verbal attributes seen on the teacher facilitated the realization of formative assessment conversation to be understood by the students. This research is only limited on teacher without seeing the backwash on the studentsâ€™ sides. Since it was sought to see the covert backwash, then the unit of analysis was classroom activity, specifically in formative assessment conversation cycle, in which it was administered orally. Further investigation is expected to see the backwash on other types of formative assessment administration.
The Use of Thematic Progression in the Journal Artcile of â€œU-JETâ€
Authors: Hati Puji Lestari Suci , Mujiyanto Januarius , Saleh Murshid
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to evaluate thematic progressions pattern in studentsâ€™ journal article written by undergraduate students. This study employed qualitative research in the form of written discourse analysis. The documentation observation sheet is used to analyze the patterns apperead in the article written by students. Out of 10 students chosen as the sample. The results of this study revealed that from the three patterns, zigzag pattern is the most frequently used by the students. The second is re-iteration pattern and the last one is multiple theme pattern. It showed that the students can employed the patterns though they never learn about systemic functional linguistics before. But, the results of their writing is not really coherence. Because the lack of thematic progression pattern used. For the consistency, there are several students who already consistent in their writing, though the rest is still not consistent. However, they never learn about this. Therefore, it can be said that understanding the thematic progression is important because it can make the writing effective and coherence.
Types and Functions of Hedges and Boosters in Graduate Studentsâ€™ Research Articles
Authors: Vebriyanto Danu Angga , Mujiyanto Januarius
Published: May 2022

Hedges and Boosters are important rhetorical devices for increasing or reducing the force of claims in academic writing.  Compared to other aspects rhetorical patterns or devices in research articles, quite surprisingly the use of hedges and boosters in research articles has attracted little attention from researchers. This study aimed to investigate the use of hedges and boosters employed by graduate students in research articles. This study was a descriptive qualitative study of twenty research articles written by graduate students aiming at revealing the realization of types and functions of hedges and boosters as well as their relations based on the taxonomy of Hyland (1998) and Salager-Meyer (1997). The strategies were elaborated into five sub-research questions to seek for types, functions, and relation of hedges and boosters. The objects of the study were the research articles written by graduate students. The data were gathered through documentation. The findings revealed that there were seven types of hedges and eight types of boosters employed by students. Dealing with the functions of hedges and boosters, it was discovered that the graduate students employed four functions of hedges and three functions of hedges. Moreover, it was discovered that hedges and boosters tend to be clustered together to create harmonic combination. the present study suggests the EFL lecturers to pay attention to the significance of hedges and boosters to enrich the studentsâ€™ knowledge on the parts of discourse. It might become references for advisors to have many attentions on the students under their guidance.
The Effect of Storing Produced PV Power on the National Grid
Authors: Abutayeh Heba , Hamdan Mohammad , Abdelhafez Eman
Published: May 2022

The dramatic increase in renewable sources employment and the new trend to eliminate carbon emissions are the main reasons for using energy storage to overcome the fluctuation of Photovoltaic (PV) output. This paper aims to study the ability of PV solar system, to provide a significant fraction of utility systems energy demand in Jordan. MATLAB software was used to simulate algorithms in order to estimate the storage properties of Energy Capacity (EC), Power Capacity (PC), and Capacity Ratio (CR). These properties are mainly affected by the size of the PV system and the flexibility (ff) of the grid. The hourly generation data from the National Electric Power Company (NEPCO) were investigated to determine the most efficient way to feed PV-generated power into the grid.

It was found that for flexibilities (ff) values of 0.7, 0.8, and 1, the No-Dump (ND) PV system, which is the largest PV system that could deliver all its annual production to the grid without any need of spillage of the PV system size were 566.3MW, 998.4MW and 1.6 GW respectively.

Also, the relation between Energy Capacity of storage (EC) and Power Capacity (PC) was investigated, it was found that if storage installed with EC and PC equal to 24 GWh (almost 45% of average daily demand) and 3 GW (which is less than the peak hour demand) at ff=0.8, the penetration of PV energy will increase by 42% of annual demand compared with almost 10% without storage. Furthermore, if ff is increased to 1 in parallel to installing storage with energy capacity and power capacity equal to 52.7 GWh and 4.7GW, respectively, the PV penetration will increase to reach 68% of the annual demand compared to 16% without storage.
Sex differences in auditory-evoked electrical brain activity: a case of N2 and P3 waves
Authors:   , Mėlynytė Sigita
Published: May 2022

Klausos stimulų sukelto elektrinio smegenų aktyvumo lytinių skirtumų įvertinimas – N2 ir P3 bangų tyrimas
Means of measurement of heat flows in thermal vacuum research and testing of products of space engineering
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Poshtarenko Yu. A. , Rassamakin B. M. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Rogachov V. A. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Khominich V. I. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Shevchenko M. D. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”
Published: May 2022

We present the results of the comparative analysis of the characteristics of the domestic-made heat flux sensor PTP-1B with widely used foreign-made area sensor FOA-020. The conditions are typical to the ground-based thermovacuum research and testing of space technology products, conducted in the absence of validated converter-sensors of the aggregated heat flux within the density range of up to 2000 W/sq. m and a spectral range of 0.2 - 20 µm. Experimental studies were performed in a thermal vacuum chamber of the experimental stand TEC-2.5 at the temperature of its internal surfaces of 20 0C. Recommendations regarding the possible use of the PTP-1B sensor as a working instrument of measurements in monitoring and diagnostic systems during the processes of ground testing of space technology objects are given
Propuesta de metodología para el desarrollo de modelos de labranza. Parte I. Relaciones entre sistemas de labranza, condición del suelo y respuesta del cultivo
Authors: Lozano Osorno Fernando , Castillo Herrán Bernardo
Published: May 2022

Se evaluaron seis tratamientos de labranza, desde uno con el suelo totalmente pulverizado hasta uno con cero remoción, a fin de establecer las relaciones pertinentes entre la condición del suelo, cuantificada mediante la determinación de algunas de sus propiedades fisicomecánicas, la respuesta de una especie vegetal (maíz) a tales condiciones y la preservación de los recursos agua y suelo en el tiempo. Los sistemas de menor movimiento de suelo mostraron índices interesantes de conservación del suelo y del agua, al tiempo que los tratamientos de mayor remoción presentaron mejores respuestas del cultivo, pero señalaron una inestabilidad del suelo que debería revertir tal situación en el futuro. El contenido de humedad y la resistencia a la penetración fueron los parámetros que mostraron una mayor sensibilidad a la condición del suelo por efecto de los sistemas de preparación, por lo cual deberían ser considerados prioritarios en la elaboración de modelos de labranza.
Vida artificial, el nuevo paradigma
Authors: Martínez Páez José Jesús
Published: May 2022

Se presenta una síntesis cronológica de los hechos más importantes en el desarrollo teórico y de simulación computacional, que han llevado a la formación de un nuevo paradigma que se conoce como vida artificial; se analizan sus características y sus príncipales líneas de investigación. Finalmente, se hace una descripción de su trabajo en la Universidad Nacional.
Programación funcional y lambda cálculo
Authors: Gómez Perdomo Jonatan , Castro Rojas Wilson , Cardona López Alexander
Published: May 2022

En la primera parte de este artículo se explican algunos conceptos de los lenguajes de programación, haciendo énfasis en las características y propiedades de los lenguajes de programación funcional. En la segunda, se realiza una introducción al lambda cálculo puro, su notación, axiomas y reglas elementales.
Tendencias en la síntesis de alcohol polivinílico de alto peso molecular
Authors: Perilla José Ernesto
Published: May 2022

En el presente artículo se comentan los resultados de algunas publicaciones realizadas acerca de la producción de alcohol polivinílico, PVOH, de alto peso molecular. Los estudios sobre la producción de un polímero de estas características toman dos vertientes principales. La primera consiste en la polimerización del acetato de vinilo, VAM, a temperaturas bajas, donde las reacciones de transferencia de actividad de cadena a polímero se vean reducidas, y la segunda la producción de PVOH por la hidrólisis de polivinil ésteres, obtenidos por polimerización de monómeros diferentes del VAM.
Síntesis y análisis de hidroxiapatita
Authors: Rodríguez B. Martha Dorelly
Published: May 2022

Se realiza un estudio sobre hidroxiapatita ceramizada, sintetizada en Colombia, para valorar sus propiedades fisicoquímicas, comparándola con dos productos norteamericanos, según normas de la USP en relación con la proporción cuantitativa de Ca/P, estructura mediante espectroscopía infrarroja, textura mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido, estabilidad y determinación de impurezas, encontrándose que el producto en estudio posee propiedades equivalentes con los productos de control.
Los prensacables como sistema de amarre de cables
Authors: Garzón Fuentes Ana Patricia , Barreto Hernández Gustavo Adolfo
Published: May 2022

En Colombia, uno de los elementos más comúnmente usados en el amarre y sujeción de cables de acero dentro de sus diferentes aplicaciones, son los prensacables o grapas, los cuales se conocen más corrientemente como perros. A pesar de ser tan conocidos y utilizados, es poca la información técnica que se tiene acerca de estos elementos, debido a que no ha existido la suficiente investigación pertinente. Esto hace que exista una gran incertidumbre respecto a la colocación, montaje, resistencia y comportamiento de los prensacables. En recientes ensayos se ha demostrado que los prensacables usados para asegurar los cables de acero en diferentes tipos de estructuras se deslizan a una carga menor que la carga de rotura de los cables que amarran. Actualmente, los diseños se realizan según la carga de rotura de los cables, por lo cual es importante estimar la carga de deslizamiento de los prensacables para que los diseños sean adecuados.
Preocupada por esta situación, la Unidad de Estructuras de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia realizó un estudio tendiente a minimizar la incertidumbre existente en el empleo de esos elementos de sujeción. Para tal efecto, se efectuaron una serie de ensayos de tensión sobre probetas de cable de 1/2" y 3/4" de diámetro, amarradas con diferentes números de prensacables de diámetros respectivos. Se utilizaron prensacables de tres marcas, dos nacionales y una importada.
Con base en estos ensayos se encontró que el torque aplicado a la tuerca del prensacable cuando se realiza el montaje de éste sobre un cable, es el parámetro fundamental para un adecuado comportamiento del mismo. Además, debe colocarse una cantidad mínima de prensacables del mismo diámetro del cable que se va a amarrar para que haya una adecuada sujeción. Otro parámetro que se encontró importante fue la orientación de los prensacables en el montaje respecto a la punta muerta (lado corto) del cable.