bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation and characterization of herbal shampoo from goat milk and natural extract
Authors: Sastrawidana D. K. , Pradnyana G.A. , Madiarsa M.
Published: November 2019

Shampoo is one of the cosmetic type product using surfactants as the main compound which when used under the specified conditions will remove surface grease, dirt, and skin debris from the hairs without adversely affecting the user. Currently shampoo is not only used to cleanse dirt on the hair and scalp but also to hair growth and prevent hair loss. To achieve this goal, the shampoo industries used a variety of additives chemicals that can potentially risk for user. In this study, we tried to make two types of herbal shampoo using natural leafs extract. The formula of shampoo 1, consist of goat milk, celery leaf extract, banana knot extract, and pegagan leaf extract while shampoo 2 using goat milk, noni extract, mangkokan leaf extract and spinach extract. Both of that shampoo preparations were analyzed the physical appearance and physicochemical. The results showed that the physical performance both herbal shampoo were light brown in color, transparent and good odor while the physicochemical characteristics of herbal shampoo formula 1 comprise pH, solid content, surface tension and foam ability were 5.25; 29.17%; 51.17 dyne/cm and 9.50 mL, while herbal shampoo formula 2 has a pH of 5.5; solid content of 29.67%; surface tension of 44.63 dyne/cm and foam ability of 15.0 mL. Formulated herbal shampoo shows physicochemical properties comparable to the commercial shampoo.
The tumor necrosis factor-α gene polymorphism (-308g/a) in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with tuberculosis infection
Authors: Indah Sari Mutiara , Daulay Milahayati , Widyawati Tri , Rita Anggraini Dwi , Dwi Wahyuni Dian , Syarifah Siti
Published: November 2019

The tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a gene polymorphism (-308G/A) has been shown influence several diseases. This study aims to analyze the distribution of the TNF-α gene polymorphism (-308G/A) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with tuberculosis infection. Forty of T2DM patients with tuberculosis infection were recruited at Balai Pengobatan Lung Disease, Medan. Data collection of characteristics subjects were done through interviews using questionnaires. The blood glucose were measured with a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 500 nm. Nco1 restriction enzyme was used to digested of gene polymorphism (-308G/A). Genotype frequency of the TNF-α gene was analyzed by direct counting. In this study shown that the TNF-α gene polymorphism (-308G/A) had 38 (95%) of G/G genotype and 2 (5%) of G/A genotype. No A/A genotype shown in this population. This preliminary result indicated that G/G genotype was common genotype in the TNF-α gene polymorphism (-308G/A) in T2DM patients with tuberculosis infection.
Preparation of ZnO-CuO composite photocatalyst using the sonochemical method
Authors: Zainul Rahadian , Effendi Jon , Mashuri
Published: November 2019

This research aims to synthesize ZnO-CuO composites to be applied as a catalyst material that acts on visible light. The preparation process of ZnO-CuO composite using sonochemistry method. Percusor used in this research is Zn (CH3COO)2.2H2O and CuSO4.5H2O with a ratio of 1: 1, 2: 1, 3: 1, 4: 1, 5: 1 and variations in the exposure time used 70, 90, 105, 120, 135 minutes. The result of the FTIR spectral characterization shows that the formation of new peak is ZnO-CuO composite wave at 400-600 nm area, with UV-DRS Obtained ZnO band gap value of ∼ 3:25 eV and ZnO-CuO 2: 1 ∼ 2.75 eV.
The flavonoid levels in subtituted noodles of tempe flour and carrot extract
Authors: Maryam S
Published: November 2019

Noodles are foods made from wheat flour, so it contain high carbohydrates, because of that it is necessary to substitute tempe flour and carrot extract, so that the noodles contain bioactive components and become functional food. The aims of study is to determine the levels of flavonoids in substituted noodles of tempe flour and carrot extract. This research is a developing research on noodle making process. There are four types of noodles made, namely standard/control noodles, and noodles made with a ratio of wheat flour : tempe flour and carrot extract are (50 : 30 : 20)/noodles 1; (50 : 25 : 25)/noodles 2 and (50 : 20 : 30)/noodles 3. The results of the three replications stated that the substitution affected the flavonoid component of noodles. There was an increase in flavonoid levels insubstituted noodles of tempe flour and carrot extract compared with control noodles. Flavonoid levels in control noodles were 2.69 mg/100 g and in noodles 1, 2 and 3 at 18.90 mg/100 gr; 16.77 mg/100 g and 21.93 mg/100 g or an increase of 7; 6.23 and 8.15 times of control noodles. Subtituted noodles of tempe flour and carrot extract are functional foods.
The optimal prediction the best quality of tempe gembus by using taguchi method
Authors: Khairani S , Afikah A , Abdullah W D , Purwanto W
Published: November 2019

The purpose of the study is to predict the best quality of tempeh gembus from the mount of tofu waste, whey, duration of immersion, and total of yeast for fermentation process. The design of experiment in Taguchi method with 4 factors and 3 levels are used in experimental process. Thus, 9 total of experimental procedure is performed in this process. To assess the quality of the tempeh gembus, the sensory evaluation are introduced in sharp, taste, and the color. Then, the best result of tempe gembus is 2 kg of tofu waste soaked in 3 liters of whey water, for 72 hours, and the amount of yeast is 15 gr. Moreover, for continuation of this research process is the test of tempe gembus with the best quality as an effort in cholesterol reducing level in blood.
Analysis of magnetic field anomalies before earthquakes based on ULF (Ultra Low Frequency) method using magnetic sensor data in Sumatra
Authors: Fika Ramadhani Ade , Syafriani  , Triyono Rahmat , Ubaya Tri
Published: November 2019

Sumatra has a complex tectonic system which it causes to be prone to earthquakes. Therefore, early warning before earthquake is needed with the study of earthquake precursors using Ultra Low Frequency (ULF) method. This method applied to the recording data of the Earth’s magnetic field for 30 to 3 days before the earthquake event. This study also carried out the prediction of earthquake magnitude and epicentre based on the amplitude of the anomaly and the distance of the station to the earthquake location. To ensure that the anomalies that occur are not due to external interference, the data is observed based on the Dst Index. In this study was found that the percentage of success was 74% approaching the actual data
Effect of glutaraldehyde to the mechanical properties of chitosan/nanocellulose
Authors: Arianita Agustina , Cahyaningtyas  , Amalia Bunda , Pudjiastuti Wiwik , Melanie Susiana , Fauzia Vivi , Imawan Cuk
Published: November 2019

Research on making films using chitosan, nanocellulose from pineapple leaf fiber, and glutaraldehyde were carried out as an effort to obtain alternative biodegradable plastics. Chitosan has low mechanical, therefore nanocellulose is added from pineapple leaf fibers and glutaraldehyde additives. This research was conducted to obtain the optimum glutaraldehyde additive variable that functions as a crosslinker. What chitosan used was 2% (w/v solution) and nanocellulose 3% (w/w chitosan) based on optimum results from previous research. The method used a casting method, chitosan and nanocellulose are dissolved and heated in acetic acid 1% then glutaraldehyde is added during cold and cast. Variable of glutaraldehyde added by 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 3% (w/w chitosan). Tensile strength, elongation, functional groups, and absorbance were used to characterize film. The results showed that the results of FT-IR were a spectrum of chitosan and indicated the crosslinking between chitosan and glutaraldehyde. The tensile strength values change with the addition of glutaraldehyde. The optimum value of adding glutaraldehyde is 1% based on the results of tensile strength and the lowest absorbance.
Structural properties and bonding characteristic of magnesium (Mg) doped zinc oxide (ZnO)
Authors: Adam Fakhriah , Himawan Achmad , Aswad Muhammad , Tahir Dahlang
Published: November 2019

Structural properties and bonding characteristics of Mg doped ZnO by co- precipitation methods were characterized by using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transforms Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The analysis of FTIR showed peaks at 466.77 cm−1 and 451.31 cm−1 which correspond to the stretching of the oxygen bond in the ZnO structure and leads to defect formation by the oxygen atom detachment. This defect occupied by the Mg atom and proved by the widening of peak oxygen. The data XRD showed increasing the average size of ZnO crystal from 27.74 nm to 38.17 nm with the addition of 10% wt of Mg. These phenomena indicated agglomeration of the partial displacement of O2- by Mg2+ in the MgZnO structure. This study showed simple methods to combine with Mg atom and ZnO to produce potential materials for catalytic applications.
Diffraction and interference pattern by 4f imaging system to determine the thin film magnetic properties
Authors: Nauval F , Febie PS , Lukman HS , Arief S , Handoko Djati
Published: November 2019

Determine the magnetic properties of thin film material using X-ray has been attracting enormous attention in recent years. In this work, we propose a simple method to determine base on 4F imaging system. The narrow slit is applied to produce diffraction pattern in the X-ray scale. The slit width variation is applied to numerically obeserve the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern sequential changes. To demonstrate the sensitivity of the method, the power distribution of the temporal observed patterns was also measured. The selection of the object shape also discussed for comprehensive discussion.
Analysis of oxide content in sand and rock found in public mining of west sumatra province using XRF test
Authors: Kembar Sari Rindang
Published: November 2019

Indonesia is regionally located on two large plates, which are the Pacific plate in the north and the Australian plate in the south. Due to the geological activity of these two plates, it results in a complex tectonic pattern supporting the formation of mineralization. Therefore, Indonesia is considered as a country rich in various minerals and oxide sources. The purpose of this study is as a preliminary study to analyze the element of atom / oxide contained in rocks and sand found in public mining of West Sumatra Province. The initial identification done is to perform X-ray fluorescence test (XRF) on rock samples taken from Jorong Bukit Harapan Darmasraya Regency and Manggani, 50 Kota Regency. The sand samples are taken from Kupitan area Sijunjung Regency, Pinti Kayu Gadang Muara Labuh and jorong pulai Sitiung Darmasraya regency. XRF test results for rock and sand samples from these five areas indicate the presence of six dominant oxides with large percentage i.e. Al2O3, SiO2, P2O5, CaO, TiO2, Fe2O3 oxides. The content of SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, TiO2, and P2O5 foundon rock samples is quite high 53.01-57.77%, 29.982-32.191%; 5.113-10.302%; 2.119-2.367%; 0.9021.809%, and 0.685-0.968% respectively. Meanwhile, the sand samples indicate the content of SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, TiO2, and P2O5 15.103-52.652%; 5.379-17.621%; 9.22-58.593%; 1.54-9.22%; 0.702-12.238% and 1.261-2.545% respectively.
Subsurface analysis of chinese city sites in north sumatra medan marelan subdistrict using geoelectric methods
Authors: Juliani Rita , Rahmatsyah  , Tampubolon Togi , Hutahean Juniar , Azhari Ichwan
Published: November 2019

The area of the Chinese city site is a maritime trading network that entered North Sumatra via the Sumatra Northeast coastline in the 11th to 14th centuries. The Chinese City Heritage site owned by North Sumatra located in Paya Pasir Village, Medan Marelan Subdistrict. Information on the condition and subsurface shape of the site is needed to reveal the existence of the site so that it is easy to excavate and does not damage the surrounding soil. The study aimed to analyze the distribution of Chinese cities below the surface. The research was carried out by using the 6-track Wenner-Schlumberger geoelectric method. Each track used 16 electrodes with an electrode distance of 5 m. The data was processed using Res2DinV and Surfer software. Alluvial layers dominated the results obtained from the subsurface structure. The resistivity of the northern part of the site has a low anomaly starting at 1.25 meters which were the uppermost layer dominated by shallow brackish groundwater that has been intruded. The Chinese city site in the form of temples was found in the southern part at a depth of 1.25 meters to 3.88 meters marked with red bricks filled with water with resistivity 28.9-56.7 Ωm and findings of artifacts around the research location.
Structural and bonding properties of honeycomb structure of composite nanoparticles Fe3O4 and activated carbon
Authors: Ilyas Sultan , Tahir Dahlang , Suarni  , Abdullah Bualkar , Fatimah Siti
Published: November 2019

Magnetite nanocomposite synthesis and activated carbon with the addition of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as an absorber of electromagnetic waves have been successfully carried out with variations in the thickness of 4 mm, 6 mm, 8 mm, and 10 mm. Characterization was carried out with XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) and VNA (Vector Network Analyzer) with a working frequency of 3 GHz - 7.5 GHz. XRD characterization controls the formation of magnetite (Fe3O4) and determines the crystal size. The diffraction peaks of the absorber at (221), (331) and (440) with a size of crystal on 10.46 nm. Characterization of XRF shows the chemical composition of the absorber which indicates the formation of nanocomposites, FT-IR spectrum obtained by C = C alkene bond and C-H alkane derived from activated carbon, honeycomb paper and magnetite (Fe3O4). According to the data, it contributes to the formation of molecular bonds from nanocomposite absorber. Characterization of VNA was obtained by the best absorber with reflection loss value of -16.24 dB, the frequency of 5.77 GHz at a thickness of 10 mm.
Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles in polyvinyl alcohol solutions using laser assisted synthesis in solution (LASiS) method
Authors: Wiguna P.A. , Yudasari N. , Djuhana D. , Imawan C.
Published: November 2019

ZnO nanoparticles are widely studied because of their superior properties so they are widely used in various applications. Structural modification with the right synthesis method is the key to getting superior properties. In this experiment, Laser Assisted Synthesis in Solution (LASiS) method was used to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles. The LASIS method was carried out using a metal plate Zn as a target placed in a solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with different concentrations, namely 1%, 2%, 3% and 4%. This laser ablation has caused a solution of gray colloidal ZnO nanoparticles. Different PVA concentrations do not affect the color of the produced ZnO nanoparticle solution. The properties and structure of ZnO nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Zetasizer spectrometer, and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The UV visible absorbance spectrum shows the maximum absorption characteristics of ZnO nanoparticles observed at a wavelength of 344 nm. The maximum absorbance value rises by increasing the concentration of PVA and reaching the maximum value at a concentration of 3%. These ZnO nanoparticles have a size around 80 nm. TEM analysis shows that ZnO nanoparticles have a spherical shape and have good crystallinity based on SAED measurements. This property is due to the role of PVA in the synthesis process.
The seismotectonic of West Sumatra
Authors: Syafriani
Published: November 2019

tectonic region of West Sumatra is very active. In the western part there is a zone of deposition of the Indo-Australian plate and Mentawai fault while in the mainland is part of the Sumatra Fault System. This tectonic activity can be seen from the analysis of the distribution of seismicity in each fault or fault segment using earthquake data from 1990 to 2014 from regional and global stations. Analysis of the focal mechanism for shallow earthquakes shows the tectonic state of this region. One-dimensional surface wave analysis is also carried out to show surface wave propagation velocity. The results of this study indicate the type of fault in the West Sumatra region.
Design of a microstrip metamaterial for C-band Radar absorber
Authors: Sentosa Media , Yohandri
Published: November 2019

Electromagnetic wave absorber has an important role in radar technology used for military as well as for civilian application. There are many electromagnetic wave absorbing technologies used in current radar technology, one of which is an absorber based on metamaterial. In this paper, design of a microstrip metamaterial for C-band radar absorber will be discussed. The metamaterialabsorbers on theC-bandrange is designed on microstrip material having a thickness 4.8 mm and dielectric constant 2.17. There are several techniques can be implemented to broad the working frequency, which are increasing substrate thickness, decreasing dielectric constant and patch modification. In this work, the simulation method is employed for optimizing the design and achieving good electromagnetic wave absorption at the C-band working frequency. Simulated result show the microstrip metamaterial design has broadband absorption lower than -10 dB ranging from 4.3 GHz to 7.1 GHz. Based on the characteristics, this design can be realized as radar absorber at C-band frequency
Morphological Diversity analysis of Yam (Dioscorea alata L.) from Banggai Islands, Indonesia
Authors: Yalindua A , Sudarsono  , Bintoro H M H. , Setiawan A
Published: November 2019

The study aimed to determine the variation in 38 of yam accessions from Banggai Islands, Central Sulawesi. This study was conducted in August 2012 to May 2013. Morphological data were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA). The results of ten PC analyzes of a total of 30 components were observed (Table 1) giving eigenvalues greater than 0.25 explains 77.7% of total diversity. Three of the ten PC that determine the yam variant level are PC 1 purple color character (24.3%); PC 2 which stem diameter character (13.3%); PC 3 leaf surface texture, tuber shape and maturity time (8.4%). Cluster analysis results show there are four groups formed, which are A (16 varieties); B (2 varieties); C (19 varieties); and D (1 variety).
Anthocyanine pigment identification of north Sulawesi rice brand crude extracts, as potential natural antioxidant
Authors: Moko E M , Ngangi J , Rahardiyan D
Published: November 2019

Rice bran are by products of paddy to rice processing. Confirmed by many researches that rice bran contains various bio-active components, and specifically antioxidants where more than 100 variances of antioxidant. Aside of tocopherols and tocotrienols, oryzanols are active endemic compounds found in rice bran that functions as anti-inflammation even anticancer. Pigmented Paddy was reported to be a source of potential antioxidant because they contain high concentrations of polyphenols and anthocyanine that also has functions as antiinflammation and also reduction of cholesterol in the blood. The purpose of this research was to identify active anthocyanine in crude extracts of Red Variety Rice Bran of North Sulawesi. Previous results have separated component fractions of the crude extracts of red variety rice bran of North Sulawesi based on their levels of polarity (buthanol, hexane and ethyl acetate). This separation process further continued by means of coloumn chromatography with a mobile phase of 1:1 hexane and acetone followed by a thin layer chromatography. Anthocyanine identification was determined by Liquid Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry - MS, where the ethyl acetate extract was confirmed as cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) with a molecular weight of 449,1367 kDa.
The effect of giving some artificial diet on the development of assassin bug rhinocoris fuscipes f. (hemiptera: reduviidae) in the laboratory
Authors: Batubara J S , Bakti D , Siregar A Z
Published: November 2019

Rhinocorisfuscipes are predators that play a role in controlling plant pests. This study aims to determine the effect of some artificial diet on the breeding of R. fuscipes assassin bug in the laboratory. This research was conducted from July to August 2018, at the Laboratory of Plant Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara. The research method used a Non-Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of controls (T. molitor), egg yolks, Artemia salina, plant foods from soybean (Glycine max). The results showed that control treatment F = 85,397 (p <0.05), egg yolk F = 17,552 (p <0.05), Artemia salina F = 8,936 (p <0.05), plant feed from soybean juice F = 8,377 (p <0.05) significant effect on R. fuscipes body length, on R. fuscipes body width only egg yolk treatment F = 7.161 (p <0.05) which had a significant effect on body weight and only soybean treatment F = 12.297 (p <0.05) which was significant.
The addition of various carbon sources on growing media to increase the siderophore level of fluorescent pseudomonad bacteria
Authors: Advinda Linda , Pratama Ilham , Fifendy Mades , Anhar Azwir , Armaleni
Published: November 2019

Fluorescent pseudomonad is a member of the rhizobacterial groups which has the potential to be developed as an agent for inducing plant resistance. Several species of fluorescent pseudomonad are capable of producing siderophore. Siderophore is an organic antimicrobial compound that plays a role in biological control of plant diseases. The aim of the study was to determine the best carbon source added to the growing media to increase the levels of siderophore from the fluorescent pseudomonad PfCas3 and PfLAHp2 isolates. This research is an experimental study that use a completely randomized design with 4 treatments, which is the addition of carbon sources of glucose, fructose, glycerol on growing media, and King’s B medium (control), and 3 replications. Detection of siderophore was measured with a spectrophotometer at a 410 nm wavelength (λ). The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA and DNMRT continued testing at a significant level of 5%. The results showed that the best carbon source added to the fluorescent pseudomonad PfCas3 isolate growing medium was glucose, with the siderophore level produced 1,574 atλ= 410 nm. Glucose added to the growing medium can also increase the levels of siderophore from the fluorescent pseudomonad PfLAHp2 isolate, which is 1,464 atλ= 410 nm.
The sirangak (cyanthillium cinereum; asteraceae) oil accelerates sliced-wound healing by enhanching the hematological endurance in male albino mice
Authors: Fadillah M , Santoso P
Published: November 2019

Sirangak (Cyanthillium cinereum; Asteraceae) is a medicinal plant traditionally used by Minangkabaunese, West Sumatra to heal the wounds. However, the underlying mechanism of this plant in healing the wounds is scientifically unelucidated. This current research aimed to clarify that Sirangak could potently accelerate the wound healing by enhanching the hematological performances. We conducted an experiment by using adult male mice consisted of control group and Sirangak oil-topical treated group after being wounded by superficial slice cuting. Subsequently, the wound healing rate was determined and the hematological profiles were monitored periodically for a week. The results demonstrated that Sirangak oil could significantly accelerate the wound healing by 85.6% as compared to control with a 71.6% of wound recovery. The hematological analysis indicated that Sirangak oil could significantly increase the erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrite, mean cell volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) particularly during the early day of treatment. However, Sirangak oil did not significantly affect the leucocyte profiles except for the granulocyte. Therefore, the Sirangak oil could potently accelerate wound healing by enhanching the physiological endurance particularly the erythrocyte and hemoglobin level. This finding underpins a scientific evidence for further use of Sirangak in medicine.
Characterization of endophyt fungi in bali grapevine (vitis vinifera l. var alphonso lavalle) in Buleleng, Bali
Authors: Putu Ristiati Ni , Ayu Putu Suryanti Ida , Putu Manik Widiyanti Ni Luh , Rai Sudiatmika AAIA , Pradipta Utama Anggan
Published: November 2019

Bali grapevine is a local fruit cultived in banjar district, but the productivity and quality of the grapes has decreased each year because of disease, consequently farmers have to use chemical pesticides to deal with disease attacks that actually cause adverse effects. So a solution is needed to solve this problem by using endophytic fungi as a natural biological agent. This research was aimed to determine the (1) total number of fungi colonies and (2) genus of endophytic fungi on Bali grapevine in a vineyard at Banjar village. The observation using descriptive research. Based on the observation that had been done, the result of this research were(1) There was a variation of total number of endophytic fungi colonies in the roots part 6.5 x 104 CFU/gram, in the stems 2.9 x 104 CFU/gram, and in the leaves 2.6 x 104 CFU/gram, so it was known that the largest total number of endophytic fungi colonies found in the root. (2) Genus of endophytic fungi found on the root, stem, and leaf, were Trichoderma, Fusarium, Scytalidium, Aspergillus, Scedosporium, Alternaria, dan Microsphaeropsis.
The changes of starch and sugar on fermented of mixture of cassava and sweet potatoes using local tape ragi
Authors: Muhiddin Nurhayani H. , Ramlawati  , Yanti Nur Arfa , Mun’im Abdul
Published: November 2019

The aims of this study is to determine the change of starch and sugar content on cassava roots and sweet potato substrates through local “Tape Ragi” fermentation. The type of research is experiment with solid substrate fermentation method. The cassava roots and sweet potato mixture substrate is made with variation of concentration 1:0; 1:1; 1:3; 3:1 and 0:1. The tape ragi used is obtained from the traditional market of Bone regency of South Sulawesi province which is the result of selection in previous research. Analysis of starch content on products using enzymatic methods. The principle of analysis by such methods is starch extracted by dimethyl sulfoxide and acid, hydrolyzed by enzyme amyloglucosidase into sugar. The sugar content is determined by the determination of total sugar, and the starch content is 0.9 times the sugar content. The results of this study shows that the fermented mixture of cassava roots and sweet potatoes using local tape ragi B causes changes in starch and sugar levels. Level of starch on cassava roots subtract treatment (K), mixture of cassava roots and sweet potato with ratio 1: 1 (K1J1) and cassava roots and sweet potato mixture with ratio 3: 1 (K3: J1) decreased. The treatment of sweet potato substrate (J) and cassava roots mixture and sweet potato mixture with ratio of 1: 3 (K1J3) actually increased to 24.84% from 22.78% before fermentation and 33.57% from 27.48% before fermentation. All variations of the substrate treatment experienced a change in the increase in the amount of sugar content after fermentation using local tape ragi.
Isolation and characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria (Lactobacillus sp) from strawberry (Fragaria vesca)
Authors: Fevria Resti , Hartanto Indra
Published: November 2019

The principle of making yoghurt is fermentation of milk with the addition of lactobacillus (LAB) and Streptococcus bacteria. LAB often found naturally in fruits and vegetables. One of the fruits that is thought to contain lactic acid bacteria is strawberries (Fragaria vesca). Strawberry are thought to be one of the natural media of bacteria including lactic acid, because strawberry contain various chemical compositions that are needed as a substrate for LAB. The purpose of this study is isolate LAB from strawberry and determine the type of LAB produced microscopically. Research methods, the ingredients used are strawberry obtained from community plantations in Aie Angek, Tanah Datar district, with Merck NA media, oxoid MRSa, 0,9% NaCl, crystal violet paint from biological laboratories of Universitas Negeri Padang. Isolation LAB from strawberry done in two ways, the first with plant strawberry tissue directly into the NA medium and the second with fermentation strawberry and then plant the strawberry into the MRSa medium with streak plate methods. The isolates obtained were identified microscopically using a microscope with gram staining method. From the research that has been done, the following result are obtained : (1) Plant strawberry tissue direcly into NA medium and gram staining, there were 2 colonies of gram positive bacteria with bacil cell form. (2). Fermentation strawberry from the results, there were 2 colonies gram positive bacteria with bacil cell form. We can identify this colonies as Lactobacillius bulgaricus.
Distribution of wanga plant (piga fettaelata) in South Sulawesi
Authors: Syamsiah  , Hiola St. Fatmah , Kurnia Nani , Hala Yusminah
Published: November 2019

This study aims to determine the distribution of wanga plants (Piga fettaelata) in South Sulawesi. This data is very important as a baseline for conservation or protection of these species to avoid extinction. The method used is an exploration method by exploring the forest and mountainous areas in South Sulawesi, namely the Latimojong mountain area in Enrekang Regency, in TanaToraja Regency, and in North Toraja Regency. The results showed that the Wanga plants in South Sulawesi were spread in nature in groups with a rather specific habitat that is near water sources, around small rivers, plantations, open fields found on the slopes of hills or former shifting cultivation that get light direct sun, and forest edge. This plant thrives in humid mountainous areas at an altitude of 788 to 1,540 m asl, with an average temperature between 20°C to 25°C.
A silver nanoparticle-based colorimetric detection of Fe2+
Authors: Handayani Windri , Intan Pratiwi Nur , Yulkifli  , Ramli  , Benti Etika Sri , Imawan Cuk
Published: November 2019

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can be developed into materials for the detection of metals in the environment. The detection was carried out based on the color change AgNP colloids after reacted with metal ions, known as a colorimetric method. In this study, silver nanoparticles were obtained through biosynthesis using the aqueous extract of Diospyros discolor Willd. (Bisbul) leaves which was mixed with 1 mM of AgNO3 precursor. The characterization results using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer showed a peak in the range of 300500 nm which is the typical absorption spectrum of silver nanoparticles. Formation of AgNPs was also indicated by the solution color change from yellow to brown. After 24 hours of reaction, the formed AgNPs were tested as indicator solutions for 6 metal ions, namely Pb2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, and Fe2+, at 1000 mg/L. The specific visual colour change was observed only when AgNPs solution was added into Fe2+ ion solution. Further testing was carried out to detect the presence of Fe2+ ions at 0; 0,1; 1; 10; 100; 500; and 1000 mg/L. The results showed a solution discoloration ranging from brownish to greenish. The change in solution color after AgNPs were added into Fe2+ solution was caused by AgNPs unique optical properties in the visible wavelength. Silver nanoparticles also tend to have an affinity with Fe2+ and showed larger size based on the PSA (Particles Size Analyzer) and TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope) characterizations. The results showed that the AgNPs tend to agglomerate after the addition of a higher concentration of Fe2+. This detection method has the potency to be developed and enhanced to detect the presence of Fe2+ metal ions in the environment.
The role of black soldier fly (BSF) hermetia illuncens as organic waste treatment
Authors: Sanjaya Y , Suhara  , Nurjhani M , Halimah M
Published: November 2019

Black Soldier Fly (BSF) become concern that it can solve environment problem. It can turn organic waste to biomass supporting the composition of its micro flora. The research aim to investigate agricultural waste in Lembang site west java.. Amount of bsf with 100 mg in weight was used in research in 200 g, 250 g and 300 g with two and three combination of waste product. The two combinations were bran + milk, bran + vegetable, fish + bran, afterward it was continuo with three combination that they were media of milk + vegetable+ bran and milk + vegetable + bran. All material were slice into small sizes, blend and measure. After pre pupae stage they were harvested. The result show at bsf treatment with two combination with fish waste + bran at 250 : 250 resulted the best bioconversion i.e 20 g compare to milk + bran (16 g) and waste vegetable (15 g) while with three combination of milk + vegetable waste + bran on 150+150+200 was the highest (26 g) compare to milk vegetable+ bran (24 g). This showed capability bsf to degrade material from organic material especially from protein.
Community partnership program (CPP): family prosperity construction (FPC) group of Rasi village, Ratahan district, southeast Minahasa: training on cavendish banana (musa acuminata, sp) flour production and m. acuminate flour-based biscuit
Authors: Lihiang A , Sasinggala M
Published: November 2019

Cavendish banana Musa acuminata, is one of the endemic plants in North Sulawesi, particularly Minahasa. The fruit is generally consumed after fried or boiled. Nowadays M. acuminate can be processed to make flour and used as material of many different fresh or dried cookies, such as cake, brownish, biscuit and many others. According to Sondakh (1990), M. acuminata flour contains 80.89% carbohydrate, 2.89% protein, 0.67% fat, and 2% coarse fiber. Therefore, the potential of M. acuminata flour processing gives more variable development opportunity that indirectly involves in accelerating the national food security achievement. The output target of this Community Partnership Program (CPP) is to make all Family Prosperity Construction (FPC) stakeholders be able to work as M. acuminata flour-based biscuit entrepreneurs using box packaging agreed, and all FPC stakeholders can manage the business cash flow well.
Habitat characteristics of Andaliman (Zanthoxylumacanthopodium DC) in North Sumatra using a GIS (Geographical Information System) approach
Authors: Suriani C , Prasetya E , Harsono T , Handayani D
Published: November 2019

Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC) is a member of the Rutaceae family which is spread in the regions of East Asia, Southeast Asia, and South Asia. In the territory of Indonesia, andaliman is spread in the highlands of North Sumatra and parts of Aceh. Andaliman is a spice plant that is usually used as a spice for the Batak tribe in North Sumatra. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of andaliman habitat in North Sumatra. A total of 169 samples from 8 regencies in North Sumatra analyzed habitat characteristics using the ArcGis 10.3 program using various ecological data. The results showed that andaliman was widely distributed in the highlands in North Sumatra. Andaliman inhabits 4 soil types, namely Humic Acrisols (36.09%), Orthic Acrisols (34.31%), Humic Cambisols (18.34%), and Orthic Ferralsols (11.24%), 7 Types of land cover namely dry land agriculture (81.06%), open soil (0.59%), rice fields (6.5%), settlements (2.9%), secondary dryland forests (4.73%), shrubs (3.55%), and industrial plantations (0.59%). Andaliman inhabits a limited elevation between 854-2676 m above sea level. The highest number in elevation 1161-1526 (76.92%), 854-1160 (14.20%), 1527-1968 (7.69%), 1969-2676 (0.59%). In rainfall ecology variables, Andaliman occupies an area with rainfall between 1500-4000 mm/year. The highest number occupies rainfall between 1500-2000 (8.87%), 2000-2500 (83.43%), 2500-3000 (5.91%), 3000-3500 (0.59%), and 3500-4000 (0.59%) mm/annual. Most of Andaliman grew in areas with Critical land types (69.23%), rather critical (25.44%), critical potential (3.55%) and very critical (1.18%). Andaliman occupies a limited habitat character so that the right steps are needed in his conservation efforts. This research is expected to become important information in the conservation and cultivation efforts of andaliman in North Sumatra.
Phenotype analysis of endemic mahseer fish (neolissochilus sumatranus) from batang toru tributaries, north Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Imelda Roesma Dewi , Chornelia Ada , Mursyid Ahmad
Published: November 2019

A Phenotype analysis ofNeolissochilus sumatranus(Cyprinidae) which is an endemic species to Sumatra Island has been carried from five tributaries of Batang Toru based on 23 morphometric and 14 meristic characters. The result showed the significance of characters differentiation in morphometric characters but no differentiation in meristic characters detected. Using Kruskal Wallis Test and Mann-Whitney U Test, the characters which showed significantly different among population related to body width and body depth, as well as to fin and eye diameter. Plot Principal Component Analysis (PCA) indicated the distinction clearly for each population. Phenotype variation betweenN. sumatranusin North Sumatra proving the local adaptation ability of fishes in different environments, and it probably related to the ability of morphological plasticity.
Relationship of presence larvaes aedes aegypti in the water containers with dengue hemorrhagic fever in the Sei Kera Hilir 1 village sub-district Medan Perjuangan Medan city
Authors: Panggabean M , Siahaan L , Panggabean Y C
Published: November 2019

The number of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) cases endemic at the village Sei Kera Hilir I Sub-district Medan Perjuangan Medan City since 2017 which was 46 cases. One cause of the spread of dengue fever was a place of water container around the house that became the breeding ground for Aedes aegypti. This study aimed to know the relationship of presence of larva Aedes aegypti at water container with DHF incidence in the village Sei Kera Hilir 1 Sub-district Medan Perjuangan Medan City. This research was an analytic observational study with cross sectional design. The samples of this study were 100 homes taken by cluster sampling. The data was analyzed using Fisher’s Exact Test. The most commonly used water container was the bucket (56%), the most common water container with Aedes aegypti was the dispenser (16%), and there were 10 respondents with a history of DHF in the last 1 year. In bivariate analyses, the presence of larvae Aedes aegypti in water container significantly related to DHF incidence in the village Sei Kera Hilir 1 Sub-district Medan Perjuangan Medan City. There was a relationship between the presence of larva Aedes aegypti at the water container with the incidence of DHF in the village Sei Kera Hilir I Sub-district Medan Perjuangan Medan City.
Anticancer activity of uncaria gambir roxb on T47D breast cancer cells
Authors: Syarifah Siti , Widyawati Tri , Rita Anggraini Dwi , Sari Wahyuni Arlinda , Indah Sari Mutiara
Published: November 2019

Breast cancer was the second most common cancer that causes death in women worldwide. One ingredients of herbal plants as an alternative therapy in the community, was gambir leaves. This research was conducted to examine the anticancer activity of Uncaria gambir Roxb on T47D breast cancer cells in vitro. Six levels of concentration U. gambir (31.25 mg/ml up to 1000 mg/ml) was included on the 96 microplate well which had been filled with breast cancer cells, the positive control was doxorubicin (with concentration of 0.03-1 mg/ml). The anticancer effects of U.gambir was determined by MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]- diphenyl tetrazolium bromide 2.5). The results showed the existence of anticancer activity of Uncaria gambir Roxb at concentrations of 250, 500 and 1000 μg/ml. The largest anticancer activity found at a concentration of 500 μg/ml with the percentage of apoptotic cells of breast cancer by 20%, but we also found a decrease in the value of the apoptotic at concentration of 1000 μg/ml. The IC50 of U.gambir was 1.086 μg/ml whereas the IC50 doxorubicin was 0.108 μg/ml. This study concluded that the inhibition of breast cancer cell growth by gambir leaves extract was still quite weak compared to doxorubicin.
Environmental health knowledge factors have no effect on the formation of environmental vegetable farmers’ behavior in Padang city
Authors: Diliarosta S
Published: November 2019

The Food and Drug Supervisory Agency of the BPOM Republic of Indonesia reports that cases of extraordinary events (KLB) of food poisoning have caused the deaths of 2500 people and as many as 411,500 sick people annually. Responsibility and awareness of producers and distributors on food security is not adequate. The results of testing vegetables and fruit samples in 2017 found 17.56% containing pesticide residues. The lack of consumer concern about food security is reflected in the small number of consumers who demand producers to produce safe and quality food products. A model is needed in the formation of community behavior, especially farmers who produce vegetables in West Sumatra because they are far from being environmentally sound. The study of the formation of farmers’ behavior in producing safe and quality vegetables needs attention. In this article, more emphasis is placed on analyzing the influence of environmental health knowledge on the formation of environmentally sound behaviors of vegetable farmers in the city of Padang. The model used is a model of analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation (ADDIE) conducted in Kuranji, Koto Tangah and Nanggalo Padang sub-districts. Based on the needs, it is done with a module, the video contains an explanation of the behavior of farmers, environmental behavior by farmers, technically, the benefits of environmentally friendly behavior by farmers. The results of the study concluded that there was no influence on the behavior formation model of environmentally sound vegetable farmers on increasing environmental health knowledge.
Pressure analysis of the ideal intake manifold with the vibration parameters at the diesel engine
Authors: Maksum Hasan , Purwanto Wawan
Published: November 2019

Using turbo as power booster still has left over one problem, namely, turbo lag. The turbo lag is still not resolved and Turbocharger technology development could not raise the engine’s maximum torque. The purpose of this study was to analyze the ideal intake manifold pressure on several variations of engine rotation and some treatments of turbochargers with the vibration parameters and to examine the smallest vibrations when there was a change into the intake manifold for shorter engine acceleration and smoother engine sound due to the lower vibration. The results gotten from this study were from the intake air in the intake manifold showed a decrease in the vibration of 7-10% and experienced an average increase in volumetric efficiency of 26.63% compared with the engines without turbo and 18.32% when compared with the engine with turbo standard. This proved that the perfect combustion was at the smallest vibration. The smallest vibrations on the engine in the same rotation described the pressure conditions and the combustion chamber in the ideal conditions.
Analyzing Limboto lake inundation area using landsat 8 OLI imagery and rainfall data
Authors: Eraku S , Akase N , Koem S
Published: November 2019

Limboto Lake is a natural lake located in Gorontalo Province. The condition of the lake is increasingly critical due to environmental damage and slowly loses its function. This study used Landsat 8 OLI imagery and rainfall data in the period of January 2015 to December 2016. The spatio-temporal map of the inundation area of Limboto Lake was obtained through automatic extraction method of water features with water index formula using GIS and Remote Sensing software. Analysis results based on Landsat 8 OLI image data showed that there was a large fluctuation in Limboto Lake inundation area during the study period. The largest inundation area is 4,043 ha and the smallest is 1,440 ha. This shows that the area of Limboto Lake inundation area can widen and shrink by almost 3 times. The results of analysis of rainfall data showed that large fluctuation in the Limboto Lake inundation area has a moderate correlation with the amount of rainfall that occurs. Rainfall which is the source of surface runoff and filling the Limboto Lake basin no longer has a major influence on the fluctuation of the Limboto Lake inundation area, only by 35%, there is an accumulation of other factors by 65% which is the cause the condition of large fluctuations in the Limboto Lake inundation area.
Predict the ability of students to conduct preliminary analysis using reverse and inverse regression
Authors: Helma
Published: November 2019

Real analysis is one of the courses to help the students gain experience in the type of critical thought. Students must understand the definitions and theorems to solve problems and perform an analysis process of thinking, so that student analysis develops to the given problem. The research that has been done shows that students’ ability to perform the analysis can be improved. But, not to be examined whether the ability to perform the preliminary analysis can be seen from the learning outcomes and how its results reflect the student’s ability to perform it. The problem is "Does the student’s ability to perform an analysis of the given problem can be predicted based on the learning outcomes that obtained?”. In this research used flow proof in performing a preliminary analysis. After theoretically analyzed the comparison between reverse regression and inverse regression, then established models and prediction interval of the students’ ability to perform the analysis. The result of this research is the ability of students to conduct an analysis can be predicted from their learning outcomes.
Preliminary research development of mathematics learning devices based on problem-based for student at the senior high school
Authors: Armiati  , Silvia Purwanti Henny
Published: November 2019

This article discusses the preliminary stage of research on the development of problem-based learning (PBL) tools for high school student. At the preliminary stage of the research, observations and interviews were conducted with mathematics teachers and high school student in class XI. Based on the results of the observation and interviews, the learning device used are still of a general nature and have not allowed the student to improve their mathematical problem-solving skills. Student rarely uses the LKPD and if the teacher does not do so, the content contains little material and many questions that did not allow the student to chat with friends or groups and present contextual problems. In the RPP, there is no step in the learning model used, so sometimes it does not meet the conditions and needs of the student.
Error analysis of mathematics teacher in solving calculus problem
Authors: Mukhni  , Mirna  , Khairani
Published: November 2019

Mathematics in senior high school has many subjects. One of them is calculus. In order to teach mathematics in senior high school, teacher must mastering calculus subject. But, even mathematics teacher find that calculus is a difficult topics to master and to teach. It was showed by mathematics teachers’ answer sheet where there were many mistakes. The aim of this study was to analysis mathematics teachers’ error in solving calculus problem. Type of research was descriptive qualitative. Sampling technique used purposive sampling. Sample was 31 mathematics teachers in Padang Pariaman. Instrument was teachers’ answer test. Result shows that teachers have different type of error, such as conceptual, factual and procedural error.