bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECTS OF LEAD AND ZINC STRESS ON SOME ANATOMIC PROPERTIES OF BARLEY AND RADISH LEAVES
Authors: Turgut Aslihan Cesur , Kabar Kudret
Published: June 2024

In this work, the effects of various concentrations of zinc and lead on the various anatomical particularities of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Tarm) and white radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seedling leaves are examined. Seedlings were grown for 21 days in a growth chamber under conditions of 25±1ºC constant temperature, continuous fluorescent light (8.000 lux), and 60%±5 moisture. In some anatomical investigations of leaf anatomy, the number of stomata, stomatal index, and width and length of stomata parameters of barley seedlings often gave similar responses to heavy metals. The numbers of stomata on almost all the leaf surfaces in zinc and lead mediums, except the lower surface of the leaf in zinc medium, were usually fluctuating compared to the control. Both heavy metals caused a decrease in the stomatal index on both upper and lower surfaces. When compared to the control, zinc and lead caused changes in the width and length of the stoma, except for the length of the leaf stoma in zinc media and the lower surface and other leaf surfaces. In zinc and lead mediums, the mentioned parameters of radish seedlings behaved differently than those of barley. For example, in zinc media, the number of stomata on the lower surfaces decreased, but it changed on the upper surfaces and went up after 4 mM in lead media. In zinc media, the stomatal index decreased on both surfaces, but it changed. The width of the stoma, which generally decreased in zinc medium, fluctuated in the presence of lead on both surfaces. While the length of the stoma in zinc medium fluctuated on the upper surface, it usually increased on the lower surface. The length of the stoma in the presence of lead, a reduction in the upper surface, and a fluctuation in the lower surface were observed. The only common effect of zinc was that it reduced the stomatal index of both species on the lower and upper surfaces. The numbers’, widths, and lengths of the epidermis cells, leaf thickness, and distance between vascular bundles gave similar responses to zinc and lead mediums in both species. While heavy metals led to an increase in the epidermis cells on the upper surfaces of both species, they caused an increase in barley and a decrease in radish’s lower surface. The lengths of epidermis cells were decreased on both surfaces of both species by the effects of the heavy metals. While decreases in epidermis cell length were observed in both species in zinc medium, fluctuations were observed in lead medium, except for the length of epidermis cells on barley’s upper surface. While both heavy metals caused a decrease in leaf thickness in barley, they generally led to fluctuating results in radish leaves. Both species’ distances between vascular bundles gave similar responses to zinc and lead, and they decreased.
COMPOSTING: A SUSTAINABLE APPROACH TO WASTE MANAGEMENT
Authors: Alpana Kusum Dr.
Published: June 2024

Composting, the conversion of organic waste into nutrient-rich compost, provides a sustainable response to the growing waste management crisis. This chapter delves into the background and significance of waste management, the intricacies of composting, and its diverse applications, while also highlighting future innovations. The chapter commences with a discussion on the urgency of effective waste management, given the substantial rise in waste production globally. It underscores the need for transitioning from unsustainable waste disposal methods to eco-friendly alternatives, where composting emerges as a cost-effective and environmentally responsible solution. Organic waste sources are explored, distinguishing between municipal solid waste, agricultural residues, and industrial organic waste. Composting, based on biological principles, is presented as the method of harnessing microbial activity and decomposition to transform organic waste into compost. Composting methods, including aerobic, anaerobic, and vermicomposting, are elaborated upon. Aerobic composting, owing to its efficiency, and versatility, takes center stage. The importance of maintaining optimal conditions like carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, moisture, temperature, and aeration is emphasized for effective composting. The chapter then delves into the advantages of compost application, focusing on its role in enhancing soil fertility, nutrient recycling, water-holding capacity, and soil erosion control. Composting's environmental benefits, such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions and contributing to carbon sequestration, are highlighted. Applications of compost in agriculture, horticulture, landscaping, urban gardening, land reclamation, and bioenergy production illustrate its versatility as a valuable resource. Challenges in composting, such as managing contaminants, odour control, monitoring, and regulatory adherence, are addressed. Future prospects and innovations in composting are explored, with a focus on technological advancements, composting in the circular economy, and the significance of education and awareness initiatives. In conclusion, composting is celebrated as a sustainable and environmentally conscious approach to waste management, providing multifaceted benefits. With the aid of technological progress, increased awareness, and policy support, composting is primed to play a pivotal role in addressing the global waste management predicament and building a more sustainable future.
SPECIAL SUSTAINABLE BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS APPLICATION AND MEDICAL WASTE REUSE AND RECYCLING- A REVIEW
Authors: Talib Hamzah Husam , Sridevi Veluru , Adnan Abdullah Thamer , Salah Mahdi Husam , Musalaiah Modi , Tukarambai M.
Published: June 2024

This study examines manufacturing techniques for medical and dental synthesis and characterization. Several medical settings have benefited from thinking about biological materials and devices. Additional benefits from MONP features and evidence of nanometal oxide's applicability in nanomedicine research were summarized in this paper. There has been a lot of focus on the dangers of MONPs to the body and the antibacterial properties of green-generated nano-oxides. Lignin is a versatile biomass with several uses due to its antioxidant, biocompatibility, antibacterial, and anti-UV properties. Natural Lignin can be processed in several different chemical ways; after these processes, the refined Lignin can be turned into functionalized Lignin, which can be employed in developing high-quality biomaterials. Therefore, Lignin is a prospective biomaterial for various applications, such as drug and gene delivery, biosensors, bioimaging, 3D printing, and tissue engineering. The benefits of reusing and recycling medical waste are highlighted, along with the processes, components, and chemical makeup of each methodology used in modern waste management. As plastics are the most commonly used material in healthcare, we also examine chemical and mechanical recycling methods for plastics and potential approaches to, and challenges with, reusing or recycling biomedical items.
SOLAR ENERGY: VIABILITY IN INDIAN CONTEXT
Authors: Ramana Rao Wuppuluru , Mishra Dilip , Issac Jayant , Shadangi Debendra
Published: June 2024

Solar energy is one of the emerging and promising renewable energy source which helps in addressing the problems related to environmental challenges and issues leading to sustainable environment possible in the country. India is a developing country and therefore the rapid growth and urbanization calls for an increasing demand for energy and it is where the solar energy can mark its presence as a dominant player in this field. The chapter is focused on a comprehensive analysis of viability of solar energy particularly in a country like ours. The presented chapter focuses on the current status and growth prospects of solar energy in India along with various pros and cons to be considered to accept and adopt as another dimension in the field of renewable energy
LATEST FRONTIERS FOR NANOMATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION
Authors: Deepak Singh Rajawat Dr. , Ruchi Singh Dr. , Durga K. Mewara Dr.
Published: June 2024

Nanomaterials, with their unique and tunable properties arising from their nanoscale dimensions, have revolutionized various fields such as electronics, medicine, and environmental science. Accurate and reliable characterization of these materials is essential for understanding their behaviour and optimizing their applications. This abstract presents a comprehensive review of the current state-of-the-art techniques for characterizing nanomaterials. The application of advanced characterization techniques in specific nanomaterial categories, including nanoparticles, nanocomposites, and nanotubes, highlights their impact in fields like drug delivery, catalysis, and energy storage. Surface analysis of nanomaterials is an important aspect and it has relevance to the properties of nanomaterials. Commonly employed techniques for the characterization of nanomaterials are Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Some cutting-edge advancements in surface-sensitive techniques like X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) have also been used. Spectroscopic techniques, such as Raman spectroscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy can also be used, to elucidate the electronic and optical properties of nanomaterials. In a holistic understanding of nanomaterials, the challenges are also associated with characterizing nanomaterials, such as sample preparation, agglomeration, and data interpretation. These challenges can be overcome by the use of complementary techniques and multi-mode approaches. In conclusion, this chapter underscores the importance of rigorous nanomaterial characterization in advancing fundamental understanding and unlocking the full potential of nanotechnology. It serves as a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and scientists seeking to delve into the intricacies of nanomaterials and make informed decisions about their applications and development.
SMART MATERIALS: PIONEERING THE FUTURE OF RESPONSIVE AND ADAPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Singh Veerendra , Kumar Rajendra
Published: June 2024

Smart materials are a class of materials that possess the remarkable ability to sense and respond to external stimuli, undergoing changes in their properties or behavior. These materials have garnered significant attention in recent decades due to their wide range of potential applications and their ability to revolutionize various industries. The unique behavior of smart materials is a result of their intrinsic responsiveness to external stimuli, such as temperature, light, pressure, magnetic fields, pH, or electric fields. This property allows them to adapt, transform, or actuate in a controlled and reversible manner, making them distinct from conventional materials. Shape memory alloys (SMAs), piezoelectric materials, electroactive polymers (EAPs), and magnetostrictive materials are among the most widely researched and utilized types of smart materials. Shape memory alloys, for example, can revert to a predetermined shape after deformation, while piezoelectric materials generate electrical charges in response to mechanical stress. Electro active polymers demonstrate significant changes in shape when subjected to electrical fields, and magnetostrictive materials change their shape when exposed to magnetic fields. The potential applications of smart materials span numerous industries, including aerospace, automotive, electronics, healthcare, robotics, and civil engineering.
IMPACT OF MWCNT ON METAL – ORGANIC CONTACT OF ROSE BENGAL AND SAFRANIN –T DYE BASED ORGANIC DEVICE
Authors: Sen Sudipta , Manik N. B.
Published: June 2024

Carbon-based nanomaterials (CBN) have gained significant attention in various research disciplines due to their exceptional characteristics, including an excellent aspect ratio, substantial surface area, and superior thermal and electrical conductivity. In this study, Multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) have been selected from an array of carbon-based nanomaterials. This study focuses on exploring the use of MWCNT within the realm of organic electronics. Organic dye-based devices possess distinct advantages in comparison to their inorganic counterparts, a fact well acknowledged in the field. However, there exist certain drawbacks associated with the utilization of organic dyes in the context of being positioned between two metallic electrodes, hence establishing metal-organic interface. The charge injection process during formation of metal-organic junction is influenced by the presence of a high concentration of traps and a high injection barrier at the contact region. The improvement in charge flow at the junction and the enhancement of conductivity, as well as the reduction in threshold voltage, can be achieved by decreasing these values. From this standpoint, the inclusion of MWCNT has been implemented within the device. In the process of fabricating organic dye-based devices, two distinct organic dyes, namely Rose Bengal (RB) dye and Safranin - T dye, have been selected. Four devices were developed, with two devices being made without the inclusion of MWCNT, while the other two devices incorporate MWCNT. This study aims to examine the impact of trap energy and injection barrier on the movement of charge carriers at the interface between metal and organic materials. Additionally, it seeks to investigate any alterations in these parameters when MWCNTs are present.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF SESBANIA GRANDIFLORA AND AMARANTHUS VIRIDIS
Authors: Perumal P. , Vignesh Babu B. , Manimegalai S. , Kanthimathi G. , Prrithiba A.
Published: June 2024

Sesbania grandiflora (linn), a member of the leguminosae family, is frequently planted in Tropical nations for its delectable blooms and pods. This fast-growing herb, commonly known As "chowlai," belongs to the amaranthaceae family and is extensively cultivated in asia, Africa, and latin america. In South India, it is a popular leaf vegetable. This pseudo cereal Has gained significance as a staple food due to its resilience to pests, drought, and hot Climates, requiring minimal maintenance for cultivation. In ayurveda, the entire plant and its Preparations are utilized to treat various illnesses and disorders. Sesbania grandiflora is Employed in herbal medicine for its antibacterial, anthelmintic, anti-tumor, and contraceptive Properties, showcasing some unique medicinal effects. Utilizing the soxhlet extraction Method, the fine powder of the plant materials is collected to extract the crude medicine using Various solvents. Phytochemical examination reveals the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, Phenols, sugars, saponins, flavonoids, and quinines, as evidenced by their positive reactions With specific test reagents.several medicinal plants, including sesbania grandiflora, are Known to contain phenolic compounds such as chlorogenic acid, apigenin, kaempferol, Asiaticosides, brahmic acid, asiatic acid, steroids, glycosides, and rosmarinic acid. These Compounds may contribute to scavenging free radicals and enhancing antioxidant activities, According to previous studies. Uv-vis spectrum analysis and ft-ir analysis of sesbania Grandiflora and amaranthus viridis confirm their antioxidant and antibacterial properties, Suggesting their potential use in folk medicine.
INTERESTING SELENIUM-OXYGEN/PHOSPHORUS CONTAINING MIXED DONOR MACROCYCLES; SYNTHETIC AND STRUCTURAL PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Pratim Das Partha
Published: June 2024

Oxygen, Sulfur-based macrocycles were known and investigated widely. Emergence of the equivalent macrocyclic polyselena ethers was anticipated, since the introduction of sulfur coronands and their extensive and fascinating coordination chemistry. The synthetic along with coordination chemistry investigations of selena-macrocycles have attracted a lot of interest following accidental finding of selena-crown ethers. A lot of work has been put into designing and synthesizing new homo as well as mixed donor selenoether macrocyclic molecules over past few decades in order to examine their ligation characteristics towards transition along with post-transition metal ions. To be able for interaction with both "hard" as well as "soft" guest ions and/or molecules, macrocycles containing soft Se atoms along with other hard donor atoms as binding sites, close to one another within same ring framework, were produced. In this chapter, chemistry of mixed donor (O/P) selena-macrocycles has been discussed from their synthetic and structural perspectives, briefly.
STUDY OF ALLELOPATHIC EFFECTS OF EUCALYPTUS TERETICORNIS, AND TRACHYSPERMUM AMMI AND ITS FUTURE PROSPECT
Authors: Anavi Ms. , Sondhi Nishi , Sharma Babita
Published: June 2024

In order to determine whether essential oils from Citrus limon, Eucalyptus tereticornis, and Trachyspermum ammi have any allelopathic effects, a study was done to determine these effects. The study's goal was to see whether these essential oils may potentially be used in the future to manage weeds. These three essential oils were tested for their impact on the germination of weed species. The weed species' germination rate was significantly reduced by the essential oils, which also had the potential to be allelopathic. The findings showed that, at various doses, all essential oils significantly hindered the weed species' ability to germinate. The use of essential oils as pre-emergent weed seed germination inhibitors and as a substitute for chemical herbicides was found to be effective in the biological control of weeds. We talk about the potential application of essential oils as herbicides.
TRENDS AND ADVANCES IN HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL TECHNIQUES IN INDIA
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Singh Richa , G Pratap Shalini , Kumar Singh Pramod
Published: June 2024

Hazardous waste disposal is a global issue that requires ongoing innovation and adaptation to solve environmental issues. This chapter examines the most recent developments and trends in hazardous waste disposal methods in relation to India. The chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the evolving strategies for managing hazardous waste in an environmentally conscious and sustainable way, with a focus on the unique socioeconomic and environmental conditions of the country, also examines the ways in which advances in science and technology have impacted waste disposal practices, including the significance of inventions like thermal treatment, bioremediation, and waste-to-energy technologies, as well as importance of stakeholder collaboration and public engagement in promoting responsible waste management practices. It discusses the role of government agencies, industry peoples, and local communities in fostering a holistic and sustainable approach to hazardous waste disposal. It highlights the necessity of ongoing study, funding, and policy creation to guarantee hazardous waste management that is efficient in the face of changing industrial environments and environmental concerns.
TELLURIUM AND OXYGEN/SULFUR-CONTAINING MACROCYCLES; SYNTHETIC AND STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY
Authors: Pratim Das Partha
Published: June 2024

Numerous articles about macrocyclic polytelluroethers have been published in scientific journals as a consequence of the major advancement of chemistry of thia and selena macrocycles earlier, which brought spotlight on the possibility of the tellurium counterparts. Nevertheless, compared with selena and thia-macrocycles, their overall number remains incredibly low. A combination of their better capacity to bind to transition metal ions and the accessibility of 125Te NMR spectroscopy for examining their architectures in solution, they keep receiving a lot of attention. The Te-C bond's strong reactivity is shown by its simple heterolytic breakdown in the presence of some metal salts. Because organotellurium molecules are poisonous and the C-Te connection is weaker than the C-S as well as C-Se bonds, the production of tellurium macrocycles and the subsequent chemistry of these compounds will probably continue to be difficult and intriguing for scientists for decades ahead. Oxygen being hard center prefers alkali or alkaline earth metal ions, whereas Sulfur being relatively softer prefers transition metal ions during complexation. Tellurium being even softer than sulfur center mainly prefers selected transition metals. As a consequence, scientists have over the time focused on developing mixed macrocycles, e.g., Telluraoxamacrocycles or tellurathiamacrocycles, keeping in mind the accessibility to a range of metal ions with variety in their sizes and oxidation states during metal complexation. In this chapter telluramacrocycles which include O/S in their framework has been discussed from their synthetic to their metal complex formation with structural details.
ADAPTING ACTIVITY BASED TEACHING-LEARNING PROCESS TO ENHANCE COMMUNICATION SKILLS AMONG THE ESL LEARNERS: A DESIGN AND SAMPLE ACTIVITIES
Authors: Trivedi Dr. Kaushik , Parmar Dr. Mayur
Published: June 2024

Having effective Communication Skills in English is an indispensable skill to survive in this fast growing professional world. (Rao, 2019). Considering the demand of globalization, the English Language Teaching (ELT) scene in India is undergoing seismic change as we are venturing towards advocating and applying new creative and innovative methods of teaching English to overcome fear of English in the case of ESL learners. In order to encourage students to conquer this fear and participate actively in the ESL class-room, teachers need to be creative and innovative. The idea of an activity-supported teaching-learning process is based on the perception that students become more engaged when given live tasks and games to do (Wenham, 2018). Learning becomes more joyous when students are motivated through an activity based teaching-learning environment. This paper seeks to inform, motivate and to explore the innovations in teaching and learning to enhance communication skills among the ESL learners through adapting activity based teaching-learning processes. This paper proposes creative activities to generate interest among students to learn English in fun way.
TMAO FROM DIETARY CHOLINE
Authors: Erteeka Bhat
Published: June 2024

Diet plays very significant role in maintaining overall health of well being but certain alterations in significant amounts of nutrients can cause various health discomforts among which one is an oxidative compound TMAO (Trimethylamine N Oxide) a metabolite from dietary choline present in many foods and taken as vital nutrient to maintain body vital functions and its deficiency can cause fatality . However its increase in blood serums ie the increase of its metabolite can lead toxic damage thus involve various life threatening diseases like ckd, cardiovascular disease, obesity, metabolic errors and severity to death. The chapter details about choline as a dietary compound and hazards of its metabolites If not consumed in significant way. This emerging micro metabolite lead new trends of studying health complications both in medical and nutritional way.To promote optimal health as well as to approach nutrition goals in holistic way TMAO is a choice of concern. Optimal health at cellular level is the key factor of every diet incorporation. Thus chapter deals with food development enhancing food therapy in considering TMAO based on various investigations and paper researches and its effect on people with or without disease.
PLASTINATION: AN AMAZING EDUCATIONAL TECHNIQUE FOR UNDERSTANDING MEDICAL ANATOMY
Authors: Shreevastava Dr. Amit Kumar
Published: June 2024

Human cadaveric study is the utmost important part of the medical curriculum. Cadavers are used for the academic purposes of medical, dental, and nursing students. It is also utilized in the medical research fields and various hands-on skill developmental programs by clinicians. Traditionally, the cadavers are preserved by embalming technique. The drawback of this technique is that the cadaveric specimens can not be preserved for a long time and the chemical is itself carcinogenic and irritant to the eyes which creates unpleasant situations for the students. Medical colleges get the cadavers through voluntary body donation programs. In the present situation, body donations have sharply declined leading to a great shortage of cadavers and specimens in many medical colleges worldwide. Medical science is continuously evolving and the shortage of cadavers and specimens might be causing the collapse of the medical education system. Considering the recent scenario, a more scientifically evolving noble technique is needed that shorted out all the existing issues, and the answer is the platination technique. Dr. Gunther von Hagens developed the plastination technique. In this procedure, curable polymers are used to preserve whole cadavers and different body parts for a long duration. It is now the pioneer technique in the field of body preservation. The plastination procedure remarkably revolutionizes the field of body preservation. The plastinates may become an ideal alternative to traditional specimens and can generate resource materials for medical anatomy.
DENTAL EDUCATION- CURRENT SCENARIO AND FUTURE TRENDS
Authors: Raheel Dr. Syed Ahmed , S.A Dr. Saadath Afzaa
Published: June 2024

Policy making in dental education and upgrading the emerging issues in dentistry is a continues process. An impactful dentistry comes from collecting new data on the topic of interest from the Dean, Program directors, Course directors, Faculty, PhD scholars, Post graduates and Undergraduate students. Thus, the latter will help in updating the discreate subject areas for better understanding in the field of academics and dental literature. Highly experienced academicians in dental education system serve as expert panelist, thereby discussing the major ongoing trends which require an emergency need to incorporate them under dental education. There is a basic need and considerations in dentistry as to how improve the quality of education, simultaneously incorporate the newer technologies into the subject or to project the newer emerging trends under continues dental education programs. Centers for dental research are chosen by many dental colleges across India in order to improve the research prospects of dental education for Undergraduate, Post graduates and PhD scholars. Thus, this article aims to provide an easy access with quality oral health care needs by maintaining a steady updated areas for the future dental needs.
APPLICATION OF NUTRITIONAL FOOD FOR SUSTAINABLE FUTURE
Authors: Tanwar Dr. Shweta , D Sathe Dr. Kalpana
Published: June 2024

Sustainable food refers to food production, distribution, and consumption practices that aim to meet the current needs of the population while ensuring the long-term health and viability of the environment, society, and economy. It is a comprehensive approach that considers the ecological, social, and economic impacts of the entire food system. Ayurveda, an ancient system of medicine from India, emphasizes the importance of balance and harmony in all aspects of life, including diet and nutrition. Creating a sustainable food future with Ayurveda can be a holistic approach that not only supports the health and well-being of individuals but also promotes environmental balance and ethical practices in food production. The key principles and practices that can contribute to a sustainable food future with Ayurveda are discussed below.
ADVANCES IN VACCINE-BASED APPROACHES FOR PANCREATIC CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY
Authors: Ingawale Dr. Sushrut , Mody Dr. Shefali , Shah Dr. Kasvi
Published: June 2024

This chapter delves into the cutting-edge realm of immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer through the lens of vaccine-based treatments. Pancreatic cancer stands as a formidable global health challenge, with its impact underscoring the need for innovative therapeutic strategies. The chapter's introduction elucidates the gravity of pancreatic cancer's impact and establishes the rationale for exploring vaccines as potential treatments. By exploring the dynamic landscape of immunotherapy, the subsequent section explicates its significance in cancer treatment, paving the way for an in-depth exploration of various cancer vaccine types and their mechanisms of action, along with a balanced assessment of their inherent advantages and limitations. Spotlighting tumor-specific antigens, a critical focus lies on their identification, characterization, and the role they play in driving vaccine development for pancreatic cancer. The chapter rigorously examines diverse approaches to vaccine development, with each section offering nuanced insights. Peptide-based, whole-cell, dendritic cell, and viral vector-based vaccines are meticulously evaluated, considering epitope selection, adjuvant utilization, safety parameters, and clinical outcomes. As science advances, combination therapies and adjuvant incorporation emerge as crucial avenues for enhancing vaccine efficacy. Challenges inherent in vaccine development are confronted, including the complex interplay between the tumor microenvironment and immune suppression. Strategies to fortify vaccine effectiveness and the potential of emerging technologies to reshape the field are discussed, revealing promising avenues for future exploration. Ethical considerations and patient perspectives are given their due attention, acknowledging the moral dimensions of research and the patient's role in shaping therapeutic landscapes. The chapter concludes by synthesizing its insights, advocating for the potential of vaccines to reshape pancreatic cancer treatment paradigms. The clarion call for sustained research and clinical trials resounds, underscoring the urgency of collaborative efforts to propel vaccine-based pancreatic cancer immunotherapy towards unprecedented horizons of success.
RECOMMENDING REFACTORING SOLUTIONS FOR CODE SMELLS USING SANDPIPER OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM
Authors: Thessalonica D. Juliet , Nehemiah H. Khanna
Published: June 2024

Code smells are indicators of software defects that increase the cost of software maintenance and difficult to update the software. A framework for optimizing the refactoring sequence using Sandpiper Optimization Algorithm (SOA) is designed and implemented. The objective is to detect code smells in the software and fix them effectively. The goals are met by using metric-based detection rules from earlier research and refactoring the code with sequences chosen from Fowler's refactoring catalog using SOA. The fitness function, which is determined, based on priority, severity, risk, and importance of classes, is used to evaluate the optimized refactoring solutions. The priority score assigned to code smell is focused on the expert's preferences. The severity score is derived from the infusion tool that shows the degree of severity of code smells. A risk score is generated from the SonarQube tool based on continuous observation of code quality. An importance score gives the history of changes in the code extracted from the Github. Open-source software used for experimentation includes GanttProject and Xerces-J. The proposed work achieved refactoring precision values of 78 percent and 68 percent for GanttProject and Xerces-J respectively.
DEEPCOPD: AN INNOVATIVE DL APPROACH FOR COPD
Authors: Joshi Yastika , Manuela S. Mahima , Vashisht Priyanshu , Agarwal Pankaj
Published: June 2024

This paper presents an app for the detection of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) using novel deep learning techniques. Our approach involves training a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model on a respiratory sound database containing 6898 respiratory cycles, including 886 instances of wheezes, 1864 instances of crackles, and 506 instances of both crackles and wheezes. To address the challenge of a small-sized dataset, we propose a simple CNN-based model along with innovative techniques: (1) device specific fine-tuning, (2) concatenation-based augmentation, (3) blank region clipping, and (4) smart padding [1]. These techniques enable efficient utilization of the dataset, resulting in an impressive accuracy of 90% to 95% [1]. To deploy our model, we utilize HTML & CSS Front end, Flask backend and Heroku to create a user-friendly interface. The entire implementation is carried out in Python, encompassing both the model and the user interface components [1]. Our work builds upon previous studies in respiratory sound analysis [2-8]. The proposed app offers a promising solution for accurate COPD detection, providing significant advancements in the field of respiratory health monitoring [1].
SAMPLING IN NURSING RESEARCH
Authors: Srivastava Dr. Surbhi , Mittal Dr. Stuti
Published: June 2024

The sampling in nursing is the most crucial part of the nursing research. To acquire this there is need to apprehend various types of sampling methods. Knowledge of sampling designs is fundamental for growing a research plan. Sampling is defined as a process in which we select a sample or a component from large groups of population to fulfil our research objectives. There are basically two kinds of sampling: Probability sampling and non-probability sampling. Probability sampling is also known as random sampling and is considered as the gold standard approach of sampling. In non -probability sampling each member of the population does not have known probability of being selected in the sample. To yield good results sampling should be planned carefully.
BIOPHARMACEUTICS: AN INTRODUCTION
Authors: Garg Sakshi , Sharma Priyanka , Mittal Arun , Goyal Parveen Kumar , Piplani Mona
Published: June 2024

This chapter aims to introduce biopharmaceutics and to define some key terms used within biopharmaceutics and introduces its involvement in the drug development process. Drugs are chemical substances, used as a medication which induces change(s) in an organism’s physiology and psychology(Wichrowski et al,2020). However, the changes induced may either be therapeutic or toxic effect(s). The origin of drug is versatile such as plants, animals, minerals, microorganisms, chemical synthesis, biotechnological, genetical, computer-aided, etc.(Susa et al,2023).
THE ‘SOCIAL’ POWER: THE RISE AND GROWTH OF SOCIAL MEDIA FOR MARKETING
Authors: Jose Dr. Dawn , Sulaiman Dr. Ebrahimkunju , Thomas Tania
Published: June 2024

The chapter discusses the rise and growth of social media as a popular tool for marketing. Social media is fast replacing the conventional media and is now the preferred channel for marketing communications. The popularity of social media marketing and social commerce among marketers irrespective of the nature, size, structure, industry and geography is a proof for its dominance in the media landscape. The unique nature and capabilities of the media calls for specialized and focused attention while planning and executing social media strategy. Marketers in the twenty-first century need to recognize SM as a strategic tool to be successful and relevant in their respective fields. Recent developments in the area; highlighting the theoretical aspects and industrial trends related to social media, social media marketing and social commerce are covered in this chapter.
“META ANALYSIS OF HOTEL EMPLOYEES BALANCED SCORE CARD EFFECTS - A CASE STUDY”
Authors: Kumar Dr. Salla Vijay
Published: June 2024

Hospitality is the act of welcoming and meeting the basic needs of clients. The hospitality industry encompasses a wide range of enterprises that provide services to customers. Hospitality is a subset of the service industry. It essentially entails addressing client satisfaction and catering to guests' demands. According to employee and management viewpoints, hotels that adopted Performance Management understood the system and achieved desired results, whereas other hotels were unable to successfully manage the system due to a lack of knowledge in its execution. This study employed traditional statistical methods to examine whether the observed changes were statistically significant. In addition, when making judgments based on this data to identify, encourage, measure, assess, develop, and reward, readers should exercise caution when generalizing results and take individual circumstances and experiences into account. The study includes all of the hotel's formal and informal initiatives to improve individual and team effectiveness. Employees' knowledge, skills, and competencies should be continuously developed by management and employees. The findings suggest that successful performance management systems improve continual communication between individuals and leadership teams. It enables the establishment of trusted sources of dialogue, allowing employees to share concerns, debate problems, and develop methods to improve. Based on the past literature in the subject, none of the research have comprehensively studied the variables of Performance Management. Similarly, the research model established to assess how Performance Management promotes employee commitment is entirely dependent on a random selection of factors, including the moderator (i.e. firm type), with no theoretical grounding.
GREEN HRM: A NEW CONCEPT IN THE DOMAIN OF HRM
Authors: Das Chayanika
Published: June 2024

The chapter deals with the concept and innovative ways to implement Green HRM practices in various organisations. GHRM being a new concept for sustainable development, the concept has to be understood from different perspective and the chapter looks into the different aspect of GHRM.
NEW AGE TREND OF RECRUITING MILLENNIALS FROM UNIVERSITIES
Authors: Kale Dr. Arati Deepak , Nidhan Dr. Priyadarshini
Published: June 2024

Recruiting millennials from the Universities has become a very important aspect to both the organization as well as the Universities. The organization wants to understand whether it is worth recruiting graduating millennials from the universities who are freshers eagerly wanting to commence their careers along with the willingness to take on challenges. The universities are looking at their millennials being placed in organizations with good compensation packages which help in boosting the University Brand as well as building up of a strong relationship over the years which can turn into a win-win situation for both. Whilst few organizations feel that hiring experienced people is more beneficial as they feel that the university millennials are lazy, less of people skills or more interested in their phones and social media which has been proved toa certain extent. The other organizations believe that graduating millennials are a better catch as they are multitalented and multis killed filled with creativity and innovation not to mention of the time and cost-saving factors. Recruiting out of universities brings several pros and cons and this paper is exactly attempting to investigate the same.
ESPOUSAL AND ASSESSMENT OF ELECTRONIC PROCUREMENT: A STUDY OF SELECT PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES
Authors: A Rohiny. , P. Chinnadurai Dr.
Published: June 2024

The pharmaceutical industries are the most important and revenue-generating industries for decades, pharma industries are now witnessing challenges in global competition. The revamping of their business structures in these days has undergone tremendous transformation due to globalization, market competition, supply chain lead time, cost optimization and technological advancement for survival and sustainability. Hence the use of advanced technologies to share information and work effectively becomes a necessity. These changes shifted the pharmaceutical supply chain from operational functions to value-added activities and long-term sustainability. This realization led to the espousal of electronic procurement in pharma companies. E- Procurement is not an option but a necessity to sustain business even in the highly competitive pharmaceutical sectors. This study aims to figure out various parameters impacting the espousal of e-procurement in pharmaceutical companies and further extended to find parameters of the assessment of this espousal. Additionally, the final objective of this study is to develop an integrated framework for the espousal and assessment of e-procurement in the pharmaceutical sector. This framework will help to conceptualize and design a new era in the procurement of the pharmaceutical sector which will make purchasing more economical, efficient and effective thus in turn making the profits from its operations.
POSITIVE ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR IN ENHANCING THE EMPLOYEE’S WORK PERFORMANCE
Authors: Chauhan Ms. Pushpa , R.K. Lodhwal Dr. , Kaura Dr. Vinita
Published: June 2024

This study is conducted to justify the importance of positive organizational behaviour in organizations. Performance of the organization is focused on by POB, which can develop strategies of the organization. On the other hand, this study can provide information about organizational work performance and its attributes. Individual human behaviour in an organization is controlled and predicted with the help of organizational behaviour. Positive organizational behaviour is involved in the determination of the relationship between work and happiness. Positive psychology can play a crucial role in the application of a positive organizational behaviour approach. Employees are motivated and empowered by POB to provide their opinion on any issues of the organization. POB can provide optimism training for employees to improvise their performance.
EMERGING TRENDS AND TECHNOLOGIES SHAPING THE FUTURE OF HR MANAGEMENT
Authors: Gawande Rupali , Kaakandikar Dr. Rishikaysh
Published: June 2024

In response to the rapidly evolving business environment, human resource (HR) management is undergoing significant transformation and integration of cutting-edge technologies. This abstract provides an overview of emerging trends and technologies shaping the future of human resource management. As organizations strive for competitiveness, agility and flexibility, they are turning to innovative solutions to effectively attract, retain and develop talent. The first trend is the increasing importance of data-driven decision-making in HR. Data analytics, artificial intelligence and machine learning give HR professionals deeper insights into employee behavior, productivity and engagement This data-driven approach is reshaping recruitment, talent development and employee engagement strategies. AI (Artificial Intelligence) has dramatically changed the use of human resources. Its effect on the field is far from revolutionary. In conclusion, AI has fundamentally changed the way HR works The impact of AI on HR practices is transformational, delivering increased productivity, data-driven decision-making, and the ability to personalize and inclusively create HR practices. Adopting AI is critical for HR professionals to remain competitive and effective in the ever-evolving business environment. In conclusion, it is shaping the future of human resource management through the combination of advanced technology and trends. Organizations that embrace data-driven decision-making, embrace the gig economy, prioritize DEI, improve employee experiences, and leverage automation and AI will be best suited to navigate the ever-changing HR landscape in to attract, retain, and attract talent. And compete in development.
HR AUDIT 2.0: EMPOWERING EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN FUTURISTIC MANAGEMENT TRENDS
Authors: Jangam Pratiksha Mahesh
Published: June 2024

The HR landscape is rapidly evolving in response to the dynamic demands of modern workplaces. As we enter an era of the future of workflow, it is imperative that organizations optimize and empower their employees to excel. This paper presents HR Audit 2.0, which is designed to measure, enhance, and optimize employee productivity in future business models Using advanced technology, data analytics, and employee-centred approaches, HR 2.0 enables organizations to identify and address performance gaps, promote culture of sustainability management and enable This paper examines the key elements of HR Auditing 2.0, and the benefits, challenges, and potential impact of On the future of HR roles.
EXPORT PERFORMANCE OF MSME: A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE INDIAN HANDLOOM INDUSTRY
Authors: Singh Pushpam , Yadav Madhuri , Baral Sukanta Kumar
Published: June 2024

The potential of the handloom industry to adapt to the constantly changing requirements of the marketplace makes it one of its strongest attributes. This industry has managed to position itself against the hard-core challenges of the power textile industry by generating 19% of the country’s overall textile production and notably boosting export revenue. Seeing the economic significance of handloom exports, this research seeks to evaluate the trade movements and export competitiveness of handloom categories in the global market by adopting the Revealed Comparative Advantage Index. The study applied a quantitative method to evaluate the RCA indices by applying the Balassa index. The handloom products with Harmonized System (HS) codes that are used for export trade were examined by taking the export data for the year 2012 to 2021. Additionally, the official websites of handloom and journals were taken for study. The calculated value shows that cotton, carpets and other textile floor coverings have a high index score which indicates that the country has an extensive range of specialized skills in the production of cotton and other textile floor coverings in addition to possessing a substantial competitive advantage.
INTERNATIONAL QUALITY STANDARDS: PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES OF INDIAN AGRO-FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY
Authors: Poolsingh Dharavath
Published: June 2024

Despite being a massive industry, food processing in India is still in its early stages of growth. Only 2% of the country's agricultural and food production is processed.Only 48% of the 2.2% of fruits and vegetables processed are done so in the organized sector; the rest is done so in the unorganized sector. The food processing industry produced 6% of all industrial production and 9% of India's GDP. Food products are expected to add 35% more value by the end of 2a025 compared to the present 8%. There are various factor affecting food processing industry such as traditional method of processing or lack of skill, no/ low use of technology, regulations, capital, farmer indebtness, 70 percent farmers dependence on rainfall. There are some major obstacles in the way of food processing sector development such; inadequate infrastructure facilities, lack of skilled and trained manpower, quality raw materials, seasonal availability of raw materials. International standards play important role in encouraging commerce and collaboration, obeying international quality standards will boost consumer confidence and the existence of standards for management system encourage standardized method for managing quality and the environment.