bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A review of the feasibility of aluminum alloys, carbon fiber composites and glass fiber composites for vehicle weight reduction in the automotive industry
Authors: Pian Weiqi , Zhou Yue , Xiao Tianmu
Published: October 2023

Improving fuel efficiency is an important goal of the automotive industry. The most effective way to improve fuel efficiency is to reduce the weight of the vehicle, which could be achieved by replacing components made from traditional materials with lightweight materials. This article reviews the research and use of lightweight materials, aluminum alloys, carbon fiber composites, and glass fiber composites in the automotive industry. A review of the current literature considers the mechanical properties, processability, safety properties, price, and manufacturing methods of these three materials to discuss the possibility of reducing vehicle weight and thus improving fuel efficiency.
Crystal orientation engineering in two-dimensional perovskites for improved photoelectric properties and applications
Authors: Lan Qizhen
Published: October 2023

Two-dimensional perovskite is considered an emerging semiconductor material because of its structural diversity and stability, making it useful in solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and lasers. However, compared with conventional three-dimensional perovskite materials, issues such as lower charge transport efficiency due to organic cation spacers could hinder their widespread use. Therefore, vertically oriented two-dimensional perovskites have been extensively studied because they can provide direct carrier transport channels, improve trap density, and reduce lattice stress. Here, the article summarizes two-dimensional vertically oriented perovskite from orientation methods, characterization methods, properties, and applications. Finally, the article discusses the challenges and expectations of developing two-dimensional oriented perovskites.
Current status of battery recycling and technology
Authors: Liliu Qingyi , Liu Chen
Published: October 2023

In recent years, battery recycling has become one of the hot environmental issues in China. This paper analysis the current situation of battery recycling and the methods of recycling, and analyzes the effective means of recycling batteries under the existing conditions. The results show that the current situation of battery recycling in China is worrying, with no complete recycling industry chain and low recycling efficiency. And as the demand for batteries increases and the price of metals rises, the urgency of battery recycling is further increased. From the analysis of existing methods, pyrometallurgy is defective in many aspects and the environmental life cycle is not complete. The cost of electrolytic recycling method, although high recovery efficiency and wide range, requires adequate technology and high cost. Bioleaching method is highly efficient, low cost and produces almost no pollution. Although the technology is not mature enough and is still in the laboratory stage, the bioleaching method has a good future. This paper looks forward to exploring more appropriate recycling methods to address the current situation of battery recycling difficules in China and discusses the future prospects of these methods.
The relationship between the fabrication and characteristics of nitrogen-doped graphene
Authors: Yu Rundong
Published: October 2023

Since the 21st century, with the popularization of computers and mobile phones to the upgrading of various kinds of electronic products, human needs are also changing, among which the flexible touch screen has received wide attention. To achieve a wide application of flexible touch screens, this paper needs to make more materials innovations, and graphene’s unique and excellent performance has attracted wide attention. Among them, the metal doping, non-metallic doping, metallic and non-metallic co-doping of graphite phase carbon nitride has broad development prospects, widely used, or may be widely used in the production and production of flexible touch screen. This paper briefly analyzes and compares three nitrogen-containing graphene materials’ properties and preparation methods (metal doping, non-metal doping, metal, and non-metal co-doping) in 2D nanomaterials, and discusses the possible applications in the field of flexible touch screens. Urea-reduced GO graphene, Fe-P co-doped graphite phase nitride carbon and potassium ion-doped graphite phase nitride carbon all have easy raw materials, simple production mode, electrical, and excellent optical properties; meanwhile, different doping methods and dosage change the performance of graphene in different directions. Therefore, nitrogen-containing graphene materials have a lot for development in the part of flexible touch screens.
Construction of polymer nanochannels and applications in biosensors and drug delivery
Authors: Ye Yang
Published: October 2023

In the past decade, polymer based nanochannel structures have been deeply and extensively explored due to their fast and strong sensitivity in testing ability. Recently, polymers have attracted much attention as the substrate materials of nano channels due to their excellent biocompatibility, low material cost and ease of manufacture. The development of nanochannels capable of detecting ions, small biomolecules and biomacromolecules meet the conditions of combination of multiple surface modification strategies and reliable nano manufacturing technologies. In this paper, the research progress of polymer based nanochannels is reviewed. The topic covered in this work includes the structure, manufacturing technology and functional strategy of nano channels. This review emphasizes various of promising research directions, and discusses the mechanism and principle of different applications such as biosensors and drug delivery. The shortcomings and limitations of some polymer based nano channels in the development and application are also discussed. Finally, views on the future prospects of this research field are presented.
Chemically modified electrochemical sensors for the detection of β-blockers: an overview of electrode modifiers
Authors: Lyu Haotong
Published: October 2023

β-blockers are a significant class of medications generally used to treat cardiovascular related diseases, but toxicity from overdoses can lead to serious side effects. In addition to this, they may also be used as doping agents by athletes due to their sedative effects. Therefore, it is crucial for their detection. Traditional detection methods include chromatography, spectroscopy, etc., but these techniques are tedious and labor-intensive, and the instruments are cumbersome. Electrochemical methods have become an important alternative to traditional methods because of their high selectivity, high sensitivity, minimal expense, and portability. For the purpose of enhancing the performance of electrochemical methods, this article focuses on three types of electrode modification materials: molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), carbon nanomaterials, and metal nanoparticles. MIPs are an important class of selective adsorption materials, which can adsorb a certain type of β-blockers through hydrophobic interaction, π-π interaction, hydrogen bonding, etc., thereby improving the selectivity and sensitivity of electrochemical sensors. Carbon nanomaterials and metal nanoparticles have strong electroconductivity and enormous specific surface area, which can promote the electron transfer rate on the working electrode surface and improve the sensitivity of the sensor. In addition, they also have some unique properties respectively. Furthermore, the trend of electrochemical detection of β-blockers and the prospect of future development are suggested.
Growth of vertical graphene by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition and its applications
Authors: Pu Yixuan
Published: October 2023

As one of the most abundant elements on earth, carbon has a profound influence on human development. Currently, various carbon materials, especially graphene and carbon nanotube, have attracted our intensive attention. In particular, graphene, on which sp2-hybridized carbon atoms compose one layer, is widely applied for its distinctive structure and features. Yet, the structure of a material determines its properties. As an unusual graphene material with a unique structure, vertical graphene (VG) grown with plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) reveals an exposed sharp edge, perpendicular-to-substrate orientation, non-stacking morphology, and great surface-to-volume ratio. These characteristics highlight the prospect of VG as an attractive material with extensive usage. This paper focuses on the preparation of VG, including the growth mechanism and factors affecting the growth process, then introduces some typical applications related to the property of VG. Finally, we will briefly summarize the structure, properties, and applications of VG.
Polymer applications in drug delivery
Authors: Shen Yijun , Wang Kaiwen
Published: October 2023

Polymers have been broadly used in consumer goods, drug delivery, formulation, semiconductor, and packaging applications. Generally, polymers would be divided into two categories. The first category is commodity polymers. For instance, many packages of polymers are used daily: LDPE, HDPE, PVC, PE, PS, and PP. Based on the properties of each polymer, applications were adjusted for specific uses. The second category is engineering polymers. For example, PC, PDMS, PET, PA, and POM. This article will discuss polymer applications that mainly focus on drug delivery. Specifically, this article review will conduct a details application of polymers when formulating polymers into drug delivery processes. This review will elaborate on polymer application in control release, oral delivery, transdermal delivery, protein modification, cancer therapy, RNA delivery, and application. This review would also provide a comprehensive review of drug delivery characteristics.
Toward industrial scale-up of polypeptide synthesis: analysis of monomer suitability
Authors: Zhao Xiangyin
Published: October 2023

Polypeptide is a class of biopolymers that mimic the structure and properties of natural proteins, which makes it fitting for biological applications. The biodegradability and biocompatibility from the peptide backbones combined with the tunability from synthetic chemistry allow for long-chain polypeptides to function for drug delivery, tissue grafting, and gene therapy. Currently, long-chain polypeptides (≥100 amino acids) are not synthesized on a commercial scale (>100 kg.) Based on the potential applications, the optimization of polypeptide production should be discussed at the current stage. Since the majority of the polypeptide synthesis depends on the production of monomer and the polymerization of the monomer into polypeptides, choosing the most suitable monomer for industrial application is critical in designing a polypeptide production line. Based on an industrial standpoint, the ideal monomer should be synthesized conveniently, stored and transported easily, and polymerized efficiently. This article aims to compare and examine the four major groups of monomers used in a laboratory setting: protect amino acid, N-carboxyanhydride (NCA), N-thiocarboxyanhydride (NTA), and N-phenoxycarbonyl-functionalized α-amino acid (NPCA) based on the industrialization criteria stated above, using past experimental results. In the end, NPCA proves to be the most suitable monomer for industrial purposes. Like NCA, NPCA can be synthesized efficiently and can be polymerized into a diverse collection of polypeptides both based on conjugation and structure. Like NTA, NPCA can be synthesized and stored in an open-air environment. Still, NPCA has disadvantages in polymerization efficiency, requiring multiple days for long-chain polymers. Potentially, by increasing the leaving group conjugated to the amino acid, improvement can be made to the polymerization efficiency.
Using retrosynthesis to raise a possible feasible synthesis of pileotin A and B
Authors: Chen Shukai
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this report was to raise a feasible synthesis of Pileotin A and B. To achieve this goal, retrosynthesis of Pileotin A and B was performed by breaking these molecules into small and available pieces and then all these pieces were sticked by feasible chemical reaction to raise possible synthesis strategies for Pileotin A and B. Since there was no previous relevant experiment about this synthesis strategies, the feasibility was only established by the studied reactivities and the mechanism of each function group and reaction. Therefore, modifications were probably necessary to promote the reaction rate and achieve green chemistry when this synthesis was performed in real lab.
The impact of lignocellulosic ethanol production on the environment from a life cycle perspective
Authors: Gong Ouhang
Published: October 2023

In the production process of cellulosic ethanol, all sections are closely related. It is difficult to study its producing law and key factors that affect the process only by experimental means. Computer simulation has a powerful data mining ability, which can analyze, design, and evaluate the production process of cellulosic ethanol. Specifically, it can use data calculated by Aspen Plus before, and analyze the impact of cellulose ethanol production on the environment by life cycle assessment (LCA). Results show that the total environmental impact value of the whole process is 0.20∼0.37 person·a/t. And in the whole process, the growth stage and the production stage have the biggest impact.
Application of remote sensing technology in smart city construction and planning
Authors: Liu Yongcheng
Published: October 2023

The construction of a smart city is complex and requires many considerations and improvements. Builders usually use remote sensing technology and related integration methods as tools to assist smart city construction. Compared with traditional methods, remote sensing technology usually has the advantages of high efficiency and low cost. This paper mainly expounds on the background of smart cities, focusing on remote sensing-related technologies and methods that can be applied to different aspects of smart city construction. As for urban traffic pollution monitoring, remote sensing-related technologies have a positive correlation accuracy in traffic pollution monitoring. But it exposes the limitations of their practical application because they cannot detect the pollutants emitted by diesel engines. The advanced optical and radar sensors integrated with the satellite system could generate high-resolution 3D images. MODIS and SAR sensors usually have higher cost characteristics than PALSAR and Lidar, and cloud-free PALSAR, as a functional sensor in the SAR branch, is suitable for use in tropical and subtropical regions. The depth learning-based remote sensing systems in traffic management have the characteristics of drawing complexity and image fluency. The remote sensing-based open-source software of QGIS and the visualization of relevant plug-ins could map the escape areas in the event of an earthquake. The impact of natural disasters on the safety of citizens can be effectively reduced in a low-cost and efficient way, which is conducive to the construction of smart cities.
Research on the emissions of diesel engine and the selection of suitable diesel engine additives to reduce particulate emissions
Authors: Wu Naike
Published: October 2023

As the most widely used engine type in daily industrial production, diesel engine plays an important role in industrial and agricultural production. In recent years, with the rapid development of industrial technology, the working mode of diesel engine has also undergone tremendous changes, gradually changing to environment-friendly. In recent years, it has attracted the attention of researchers. This paper will introduce the generation principle of emissions from two aspects: 1. The working process of diesel engine. 2. Fuel proportion. Then, the main direction is to find solutions to reduce particulate emissions. One possible method is to use metal fuel additives to promote the regeneration of DPF (diesel particulate trap), while a possible solution is to use additives to reduce the activation energy. Another method is to improve the combustion of diesel engine through metal catalyst, which helps to reduce fuel consumption and inhibit the generation of harmful soot. This paper will focus on the analysis and search for suitable additive materials. The conclusion is that the additives containing organometallic materials are the most effective additives at present.
Current phytoremediation technologies and applications
Authors: Zhuang Guangjie
Published: October 2023

In the 21st century, with the progress and development of science and technology, the pollution of water resources has become one of the main concerns. Currently available technologies for the remediation of water pollution are mainly physical and chemical remediation, and bioremediation is used in relatively few places. This paper presents the advantages and disadvantages of phytoremediation of wastewater and the current status of the application. The existing physical remediation methods, chemical remediation methods, and then bioremediation methods of in situ and ex situ remediation are described. Phytoremediation belongs to the in situ remediation method of bioremediation, which refers to the use of green plants and their inter-root microorganisms to work together to fix or decompose pollutants. Different classifications of plants play different roles in remediation, and different kinds of plants of the same classification are applied in different environments. Compared with traditional restoration methods, phytoremediation has the advantages of lower cost, additional effect on the surrounding air and soil removal, improved soil fertility after restoration, improved local landscape, a wide range of adaptation and economic benefits, etc. However, phytoremediation technology also has its shortcomings, we should invest more scientific research efforts in the research of phytoremediation technology in the future, and combine it with practice to strengthen the application of phytoremediation in wastewater treatment and reduce the harm brought to people by polluted water resources.
Research progress of self-healing concrete
Authors: Huang Rui
Published: October 2023

The sustainability and durability of infrastructure can be considered in terms of both structure and materials. At present, developed and most developing countries are facing the problem of aging infrastructure. And maintenance will produce high costs and reduce the economic benefits of infrastructure. Self-healing concrete can repair cracks or restore the strength of the structure, extending the service life of infrastructure. For improving the sustainability and durability of infrastructure, the working principle and development of Biological Concrete, Self Healing Fiber Concrete and Core-Shell System Based on Gelatin and Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) (PVA) for Concrete were studied in this paper. One practical application of self-healing concrete in China is analyzed. Finding self-healing concrete is an environmentally reliable way to improve the sustainability and durability of infrastructure.
Extraction and determination methods of phthalates
Authors: Jiang Ruilin
Published: October 2023

Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are environmental hormone compounds, commonly known as plasticizers. After long-term accumulation, it will lead to deformities, cancer, mutations and other diseases in the human body, which will seriously endanger human health. Due to the increasing attention paid to phthalate pollutants in society, high efficiency, accuracy and no secondary pollution are difficult points in extraction and determination methods. This paper summarizes the research progress of extraction and determination methods of phthalates at home and abroad from 2010 to 2022, mainly summarizes the extraction methods of phthalates in various environments and the methods of chromatography, Measurement methods such as mass spectrometry and spectroscopy. Compared the advantages and disadvantages of several extraction and determination methods, and proposed the prospect of improving extraction and detection methods.
The investigation of the urban heat effect in Beijing
Authors: Lin Peiran
Published: October 2023

With the development of society, environmental problems are getting more and more attention. As the capital of China, Beijing has growth rapidly in recent decades. Since the accelerated development of urbanization, the scale of urban areas in Beijing has been expanding and urban energy consumption has increased, all of which have influenced the heat island distribution pattern of the city. Therefore, it is meaningful to study and investigate the urban heat effect in Beijing. This paper analyses the situation and development of the heat island effect in Beijing, gives the reasons for the generation and intensification of the urban heat effect. Then, the paper highlights the impact of the energy consumption of building air conditioning systems on the urban heat effect, while citing some methods and technologies that can reduce the energy consumption of building air conditioning. It reflects the importance of reducing the energy consumption of air conditioning systems to mitigate the heat island effect.
Numerical Study on the Flow Field Characteristics and Efficiency of Different Underwater Gun Muzzle Brakes
Authors: Sun Zhiqun , Li Qiang , Han Yujing , Qu Pu , Lu Lin
Published: October 2023

The submerged gun’s mathematical and physical models were established, and an investigation was conducted on the development of the flow field and the recoiling efficiency of three representative muzzle brakes. The study employed the Schnerr-Sauer cavitation model and the k − ω transport turbulence model, both based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes method. Numerical simulation of the underwater firing of a 12.7 mm gun’s muzzle flow field was accomplished using a combination of user-defined function (UDF) and overlapping mesh techniques. Detailed analysis was performed on the flow field characteristics encompassing density, velocity, and phase state fields, along with an in-depth examination of the efficiency of the three muzzle brakes. The simulation results demonstrated an enhanced cavitation effect when a brake was incorporated, with the impact muzzle brake exhibiting the highest efficiency, followed by the impact-reaction type, while the reaction type exhibited the lowest performance.
The Surface Shape of Static Liquids between Double Vertical Plates in Different Gravity Environments
Authors: Ma Lu , Chang Shan , Yu Min , Ye Huan , Zhu Xuemin , Yue Xinxin
Published: October 2023

Liquid surface tension is produced at interfaces between liquid and air, due to the different molecular attractions on both sides. If the adhesion between a liquid and a solid wall is greater than the cohesion of the liquid itself, the liquid surface rises in a concave form due to the action of the surface tension, and the liquid near the surface produces a suction head. Conversely, if the liquid-solid adhesion is less than the cohesion of the liquid, the surface drops down in a convex form and the liquid has a pressure head. This paper systematically investigates the surface shape and tension distributions of static liquids near solid walls. The scenarios investigated the walls of double vertical plates. For the plane-based problems, an analytical method is used to extract exact solutions. For a double plates, fitting formulae are presented. All of the quantities required for these results can be easily measured in different gravity environments.
Aerodynamic Characteristics of Corrugated Features for Ahmed Model
Authors: Zhang Junning , Hu Xingjun , Wen Zhen , Guo Peng , Qing Yuxiao , Zhao Lifei , Lv Daqi , Li Shangyuan , Fan Ziying
Published: October 2023

The numerical simulation method is used to mimic the outflow field of 30 ° Ahmed model. The accuracy of the simulation method is verified by comparing with the wind tunnel test results. Based on the aerodynamic characteristics of the wind tunnel model, the impact of Ahmed on the structure is explored by combining the numerical simulation method of Ahmed model. The results show that the fold structure has more significant effect on lift and less effect on aerodynamic resistance.
Scalability of Viscoelastic Fluid Solvers Based on OpenFOAM-PETSc Framework in Large-Scale Parallel Computing
Authors: Feng Wei-Liang , Zhong Jie , Chen Tao , Yuan Xue-Feng
Published: October 2023

Enormous advances in physics of complex fluids/soft matter over last decades have rapidly transformed traditional industrial sectors in foods, personal care products, pharmaceuticals, paints, lubricants, ceramics, polymers, liquid crystals, high performance fibers, oil exploration and production into a digital era of formulation design and precision control over processing conditions from molecular viewpoint, and fertilizing a new industrial revolution. Development of high performance viscoelastic fluid solvers is of great significance for large scale digital manufacturing. In the present work, a portable and extensible scientific computing (PETSc) toolbox has been successfully integrated into the popular OpenFOAM CFD toolbox for carrying out large scale parallel computing of Turbulent Drag Reduction (TDR) and Elastic Turbulence (ET) in the isotropic turbulence flow. Its scalability has been evaluated and compared with the scalability of the OpenFOAM based viscoelastic fluid solvers. The results show that there are significant improvements.
Analysis of the Influence of Inlet Position on the Transverse Homogeneity of Slot Coating
Authors: Ma Shaohui , Tang Jinzhou , Li Yubiao , Liu Jie , Wang Liang , Li Shuke
Published: October 2023

Slot coating is a widely used method for high performance material production. Coating quality mainly depends on whether the coating liquid can be evenly coated on the material. To be evenly coated, the coating liquid is required to have good transverse velocity uniformity at the exit of the die. The position of the inlet of the die has an important effect on the horizontal uniformity of the die. In order to quantitatively analyze the influence of the inlet position of the die head on the transverse uniformity of the die, we respectively simulated the internal flow field of two different shapes of uniform cross section die head, and finally got the preliminary law. It is found that no matter the shape and structure of the cavity, the transverse uniformity of the coating can be greatly improved using the intermediate feeding method.
Flow Performance Analysis of Double-Chamber Gas–Liquid Transferring Device under Gas Inlet Condition
Authors: Hu Yantao , Huang Si , Hu Yuxiong , Guan Tianri , Li Yan
Published: October 2023

Gas-liquid mixed transportation technology is the core technology and plays a key role in the development of oil and gas production and transportation industry. Three different models of double-chamber gas-liquid transferring devices for gas field were selected as the research objects of this paper, and Fluent software was used to analyze the flow performance under the 100% gas content inlet condition. The gas-liquid two-phase distribution and the periodic relationship between pressure, temperature, tank liquid height with time of the device were calculated. The analysis revealed that the internal flow law of different models of devices is similar. A device’s operating cycle generally includes three processes ′ suction-compression-discharge ′, the pressure and liquid height within the two tanks change alternately, and the calculation formula of the cycle period has been provided. The highest temperature in the device appears at the top pipe during the compression process. The velocity at the vertical pipe at the device’s outlet is the fastest. The research methods and results can offer a theoretical reference for the design, optimization and application of the double-chamber gas-liquid transferring device.
Design, Processing and Performance Testing of Extra-Large-Flow Centrifugal Model Pumps
Authors: Chen Xinhui , Tang Zirui , Mo Yushi
Published: October 2023

Taking an extra-large-flow and high-power centrifugal pump as a prototype, a test model pump was designed according to the similarity theory and numerical simulation conversion. The model pump was manufactured using moldless casting technology and subjected to model test, serving as preliminary work for verifying and improving the performance of the prototype pump. The results show that the efficiency of the scaled-down model pump designed by similar conversion is about 7% lower than that of the prototype pump. The impeller and pump body of the model pump were processed using moldless casting technology, significantly reducing the manufacturing cycle. Furthermore, the test head of the model pump is close to the result of numerical simulation, and the test efficiency is 4.5% lower than the efficiency obtained by numerical simulation.
Experimental Study on Sand Production Mechanism of Underground Gas Storage in Depleted Reservoir
Authors: Hou Qi , Wei Jianguang , Qiu Ping , Zhou Xiaofeng , Gayubov Abdumalik
Published: October 2023

The storage of gas in underground reservoirs is critical for meeting seasonal demands, as well as for emergency situations and strategic reserves. However, the prolonged period and high flow of gas storage can lead to sand production, which can cause complications. To address this issue, a physical simulation experiment was conducted to study sand production during injection and production in underground gas storage, with varying formation pressure and water content. The results of the study indicate that lower formation pressure results in more severe sand production, and increased water content intensifies sand production. However, the displacement of sand from rock pores can improve reservoir physical properties. These findings provide valuable guidance for selecting appropriate production pressure differences during gas storage operation, based on formation pressure and water content, to ensure the rational production of gas in depleted-reservoir underground gas storage.
Ink Fluidic Behaviors during R2R Slot Die Coating on Quality Thin Film Formation
Authors: Zhang Tianwei , Meng Xin , Kang Lihong , Ge Qingtao , Zhang Jie
Published: October 2023

High throughput slot die coating is a desired fabrication method for flexible display, solar cell, Li-ion battery pack, intelligent package and wearable electronics. In this study, the stability of the thin film formation by slot die coating is investigated through theoretical, experimental and numerical studies with the combined effects of the fluid and substrate surface characteristics. The theoretical model based on the viscous capillary theory reveals fluid upstream and downstream distribution patterns and associated parameters that descript the coating layer stability. A 3D model based on the volume of fluid method (VOF) is developed to illustrate the coating process affecting the coating quality by the substrate velocity and flow rate. The numerical and experimental results agree that higher viscosity fluid is more prone to trap air bubbles and/or to create de-wetting areas while as the lower viscosity fluid were responsible for upstream liquid dripping. Boundary by the fluid, substrate, and operating parameters, our numerical study has developed the coating operation window to minimize or eliminate coating defects which has been confirmed by the experiments. These study results could lead high yield coating processes and efficiency in large area functional coating production.
Dynamic Test and Evaluation Analysis of an Advanced Fuel Cell Vehicle
Authors: Guo Ting , Xu Yue , Wang Guozhuo , Zhou Mingyue , Wu Shiyu , Wu Zhen , Wang Zhijun , Liang Rongliang , Wang Fang
Published: October 2023

Power performance is one of the key parameters to evaluate the whole vehicle. For fuel cell vehicles, because the energy is composed of electric hybrid mode, its power performance is paid more attention. In this paper, the power performance of an advanced fuel cell vehicle is tested and evaluated comprehensively. First of all, the initial state of the fuel cell vehicle test is defined, and then the typical dynamic conditions such as long idle condition, maximum speed condition and beyond acceleration condition are selected for testing. By analyzing the test results and analyzing the energy distribution under different working conditions, the results show that the power performance of the fuel cell vehicle is excellent, accelerating from 80km/h to 140km/h in only 13.3s. The test results have a certain significance for the research and development of fuel cell vehicles.
Simulation of Multi-component Thermal Fluid Flooding in Horizontal Well of Offshore Heavy Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Lin Tao , Li Tianliang , Song Hongzhi , Yuan Zhongtao
Published: October 2023

After many-turns of huff and puff of multi-component thermal fluid, only the heavy oil in a limited area near the wellbore is produced. However, the inter-well areas, namely the dead oil areas, are not influenced by multi-component thermal fluid. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out the research on multi-component thermal fluid flooding. The facility of thermal recovery 3D physical stimulation is adopted to carry out simulation of flooding in various well spacing of pseudo-line well pattern, and producer-injector spacing and parameters are optimized with numerical simulation. The results of physical simulation and numerical simulation results show that the effect of the 250m spacing of well pattern with injectior-productor ratio 1:3 is better than other well spacing, with maximum recovery of 56.02%. The research results provide a technical support for the offshore multi-component thermal fluid flooding experiment.
Small-scale Experimental Research on the Key Parameters Affecting Metal-to-metal Sealability
Authors: Ji Nan , Wang Peng , Xie Junfeng , Zhao Mifeng , Feng Chun , Xie Jueren
Published: October 2023

The harsh service environment of high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) gas well have posed great challenge to the seal integrity of the casing string thread connections. All the time, due to the complexity of metal-to-metal sealing mechanism, there is no uniform reliable sealability criterion in the Finite Element Analysis process of the casing premium thread, so a systematic research on the sealing mechanism of the casing premium thread metal-to-metal seals. In this paper, a series small-scale metal-to-metal seal tests considering different influence factors were conducted, the results showed that the average contact stress at the leakage threshold increases with gas pressure, thread compound and metal roughness has significant influence on the metal sealing property, tests with fine surface roughness (<0.05um) and without thread compound show the lowest critical average contact stress value. Based on the test results, the key parameters for calculating the sealability criterion model were calibrated, and the sealability criterion is recommended for use in high-pressure applications.
Matching Characteristics of CTHP Circulation Systems
Authors: Zhao Qi , Gu Shijie , Ma Shuang , Liu Lixin , Liu Zhe , Shi Yuntong , Wu Wende , Liu Xiaoyue , Chang Huinan
Published: October 2023

Cogeneration can not only reduce the use of primary energy, but also reduce the pollution to the environment; the article selects a 1200kW low-pressure stage turbine as an example to give an analysis, calculates the variation of parameters such as heat production, heat production coefficient, flow rate of cold water and hot water of this turbine, and proposes and analyzes the circulation characteristics of the CTHP system, determines the matching relationship between the steam engine driven heat pump that the system needs to meet, and fits the relationship between the steam engine efficiency and power of the heat pump. The correlation equation of steam engine efficiency and power is regressed, and the relationship of circulating cooling water flow rate with turbine discharge temperature is fitted. It is found that the heat production performance coefficients of the high and low pressure stages of the heat pump increase by 27.6% and 29.3% respectively when the discharge temperature increases from 160°C to 220°C, and the system can realize better economic and social benefits compared with the conventional CHP system.
Mechanical Study and Key Parameter Optimization of Temporary Plugging Fracturing in Tight Reservoirs
Authors: Gao Yong , Yang Zhanwei , Gao Feilong , Li Ning , Deng Shengxue , Wu Saisai
Published: October 2023

Staging fracturing with balls for temporary plugging is a crucial technique used to stimulate deep reservoirs. However, the transport of matter confined in a trap is very complicated. To investigate the influence of various factors on the force exerted by the ball sealer during the construction of the temporary plug, we analyse the ball sealer migration in three stages: before, after, and after the pump is stopped. We examine the effect of density, viscosity, displacement, number of holes, and fracturing fluid viscosity on the confined force state of the spherical sealer. Based on a model of entrainment dynamics with three stress states, we analyse the motion and force properties of the sphere. With this analysis, we have identified the main factors that affect the force exerted by the ball sealer. Our findings suggest that reducing the number of holes, especially when using high displacement and high viscosity fracturing fluids, can optimize the force state of the plug sphere and increase the plug efficiency. This conclusion provides a theoretical foundation for the formulation and optimization of a staged FRAC construction scheme with plug balls.
Test and Evaluation Analysis of Thermal Balance of Advanced Fuel Cell Vehicle Models
Authors: Wu Di , Xu Yue , Wang Guozhuo , Wu Shiyu , Wu Zhen , Wang Zhijun , Liang Rongliang , Guo Ting
Published: October 2023

The thermal balance of fuel cell passenger vehicles needs to solve the problem of heat dissipation and integration, which is the key to solve the vehicle performance for high-power fuel cell systems. In this paper, international advanced fuel cell passenger vehicles are selected to evaluate and analyze the thermal balance capability. By comparing the existing thermal balance test and evaluation methods, a test method aiming at the unique characteristics of fuel cell vehicles is proposed, including the test condition of the maximum output power of fuel cell stacks. Two fuel cell passenger cars were evaluated respectively, and the results showed that both models could quickly balance the temperature under the condition of high-speed climbing, and the key was to control the inlet and outlet water temperature of the fuel cell pile. The test method proposed in this paper has important reference value for the optimization design of thermal management system of fuel cell vehicles.
Study on the Preparation and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Temperature Sensitive Magnetic Fluid
Authors: Tang Zhen , Zhao Zhilong , Zhao Ke , Zhang Zhiwei , Feng Yali
Published: October 2023

Water-based temperature sensitive magnetic fluid and kerosene-based temperature sensitive magnetic fluid are prepared by using chemical co-precipitation method. The effects of magnetic particle concentration, magnetic field strength, and temperature on its thermal conductivity and viscosity were Studied. The results show that the thermal conductivity of the fluid is greatly increased by addition of magnetic particles. The thermal conductivity of water-based magnetic fluid with a concentration of 10% is increased 27.3% compared with that of deionized water; and the thermal conductivity of kerosene-based magnetic fluid with concentration of 10% is increased 128.8% higher than that of kerosene based-liquid. An experimental platform for the cooling loop is set up to verify the starting time and heat transfer characteristics of the developed magnetic fluid.
Research on Downhole Blocking and Acidizing Technology for Low Pressure Oil and Gas Wells in Old Oil and Gas Fields
Authors: Chen Zhengrong , Xie Xin , Hou Yanan , Li Yangbing , Hu Weiqiang , Yang Jianghao , Chen Jianqi , Wang Peng , Feng Lei
Published: October 2023

Carboniferous reservoirs in old areas pose significant challenges due to their large depths, often exceeding 3000 m and sometimes reaching up to 5000 m. These wells frequently encountered pressure gradients below 0.5 and in some cases below 0.3. This difficulty in fluid flow makes it challenging to effectively control and stimulate gas production. To address these challenges, we conducted acid stimulation trials using a variety of techniques, including conventional acid, downwelling acid dissociation, and newly tested surfactant acids. Among these techniques, surfactant acids have demonstrated superior dissolution properties in downwelling acid stimulation experiments. Its distinctive properties, such as enhanced flow characteristics and improved performance in low-pressure environments, make surfactants a promising option for future stimulation operations in low-pressure gas wells. In conclusion, our experiments have shown that the use of surfactant acid for down-well acid stimulation in low-pressure gas wells can effectively address the challenges faced in the oil and gas wells in old oil and gas fields. These discoveries have led to the development of more efficient gas production techniques in similar geological formations. Further research and application of surfactant acid can lead to enhanced stimulation results and increased gas recovery in low-pressure gas wells.
Numerical Study on Particle Movement and Crushing Characteristics in Vibromill
Authors: Qian Hai , Dong Zhihui , Zhuang Haijun , Zheng Mengqi , Wang Ke
Published: October 2023

In order to optimize the eccentric vibromill to reduce the energy-depleted area and improve the grinding efficiency, the present paper employed the software EDEM to investigate the characteristics of movement and breakup of the grinding materials in an eccentric vibromill under different vibration frequencies and amplitude. The results indicate that the cylinder vibrates continuously at a high frequency under harmonic excitation force. A prominent dynamic rotating center is formed in the dielectric grinding chamber, which changes with the vibration frequency and amplitude. During the mixing process of grinding media and materials, the mixing speed of materials increases with amplitude. However, when the amplitude is too large, some materials are thrown to the edge of the grinding chamber, which reduces the mixing uniformity.
Multi-physics Coupled Simulation and Model App Development for Lithium Slurry Batteries
Authors: Wang Haochen , Xiong Shaopin
Published: October 2023

Lithium slurry batteries, as an electrochemical energy storage technology, have the advantages of high operating voltage, large energy density and flexible configuration, and have broad application prospects. Due to the high cost of experiment time, materials traditional experimental methods have low R&D efficiency and the internal reactions and physical fields of batteries are very complex, research on battery performance is difficult and the threshold is high. To overcome this challenge, A new dynamic three-dimensional multi physical field coupling model for lithium slurry flow batteries has been proposed. This model can study the fluid dynamics of slurry batteries, the electrochemistry of lithium electrode reactions, the transport of lithium in solid particles, and the mass balance in storage tanks. Based on this model, we develop model applications using Comsol’s built-in interface. This app has a simple interface and simple operation to reduce the threshold for researchers and improve their research efficiency.
Study on the Preparation and Application of Flexible Photonic Crystal Hydrogel Sensors
Authors: Wang Yingwen , Yang Shu , Xin Binjie , Gao Di , Zhang Zhihao , Hou Chao , Jiang Yuchen , Huang Peijun , Xu Wenjun
Published: October 2023

With the development of deformation structured color materials and sensor signal analysis, the combination of photonic crystals with optical structure characteristics and highly sensitive hydrogels in the environment can stimulate response under conditions of mechanical deformation, temperature, humidity, pH, etc. Optical-based hydrogel sensors avoid these disadvantages of conventional sensors, such as non-destructive measurements, high-speed transmission, almost interference-free, telemetry remote control, and many other advantages. This paper introduces the optical properties of photonic crystals and the synthesis of hydrogel polymers, and describes the working principle of photonic crystal hydrogel sensors. There is no systematic generalization of the direction of flexible sensors, so this paper summarizes the progress in the direction of physical, chemical, and biological sensors, and reviews the related research applications, and discusses the potential future directions and development challenges.
The Impact of Polymorphism on Charge Transport Properties for Pyrene-FxTCNQ Cocrystals
Authors: Ding Zhelin , Mu Qiqi , Ren Junle , Li Yuyao , Shen Qiguang , Zhang Li , Zhang Shoufeng
Published: October 2023

Research on the charge transport properties of organic semiconductor materials is crucial for the development of organic sensors. In this paper, we investigated the charge transport properties of pyrene-TCNQ, pyrene-F2TCNQ, and pyrene-F4TCNQ cocrystals using the quantum nuclear tunneling model and Monte Carlo simulations to calculate charge mobility. At room temperature, we observed hole mobility values is 0.658 cm2V-1s-1 and electron mobility values is 1.492 cm2V-1s-1, respectively, for pyrene-TCNQ. As the number of F atoms in TCNQ increases, we observed an increase in both hole and electron mobility. Our results showed that the electron to hole mobility ratio was approximately 2.2 for pyrene-TCNQ, 0.6 for pyrene-F2TCNQ, and 0.5 for pyrene-F4TCNQ. Our findings suggest that the introduction of F atoms causes changes in the TCNQ molecular structure, cocrystal stacking mode, adjacent molecular distance, and intermolecular polarization. These changes lead to a modification of the reorganization energy and transfer integrals, ultimately affecting charge transport. Additionally, our results showed that transport along the π-π direction in the three cocrystals exhibited strong anisotropic characteristics, which were much larger than those observed in the other two directions.
Preparation of WO3 Particles and Their Photocatalytic Properties
Authors: Liu Zongbin , Yu Xiaojiao , Wang Kai , Yu Hao , Wang Tingxia , Zhao Ningning , Zhang Jian
Published: October 2023

Traditional water treatment avoids waste of resources and secondary pollution, photocatalysis technology has become a research hotspot. This paper uses the hydrothermal method to prepare WO3 particles. The microstructure and performance of WO3 were characterized by XRD, SEM, ultraviolet visible light and photocurrent. The results show that the prepared WO3 is a hexagonal crystal with a particle size of about 200-300 nm, and has good absorption properties in the visible light region. Finally, norfloxacin was used as the target pollutant to evaluate its photocatalytic performance. The results show that the prepared WO3 can effectively remove antibiotics in sewage.