bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regional Sea Level Variability and Trends, 1960–2007: A Comparison of Sea Level Reconstructions and Ocean Syntheses
Authors: Carson M. , Köhl A. , Stammer D. , Meyssignac B. , Church J. , Schröter J. , Wenzel M. , Hamlington B.
Published: October 2017

Several existing statistical and dynamical reconstructions of past regional sea level variability and trends are compared with each other and with tide gauges over the 48 year period 1960–2007, partially predating the satellite altimetry era. Evaluated statistical reconstructions were built from tide‐gauge data (TGR), and dynamical reconstructions from ocean data assimilation (ODA) approaches. Although most of the TGRs yield global‐mean time series of sea level with trends deviating within only ±0.1 mm yr−1, the spatial anomalies of the trends deviate substantially between the reconstructions over the period predating altimetry. In contrast, TGRs match observed regional trend patterns fairly well during the satellite altimetry era. TGRs match tide‐gauge data better than ODA results; however, they exhibit less variability in the open ocean compared to altimetric data. Over the prealtimetry period, all reconstructed regional sea level trend patterns deviate substantially from each other. In terms of detrended correlations in this earlier period, the reconstructions match tide gauges, and each other, much better in the Pacific than in the Atlantic. An ensemble of all TGR and ODA estimates provides some improvements in correlations and trends to both tide gauges and altimetry. Nevertheless, a lack of independent open ocean sea surface height data predating altimetry makes impossible the validation of the ensemble for prealtimetry open ocean sea level trends and variability. Estimating regional sea level changes prior to altimetry therefore remains an unsolved challenge.
Worsening of Heat Stress Due To Global Warming in South Korea Based on Multi‐RCM Ensemble Projections
Authors: Im Eun‐Soon , Choi Yeon‐Woo , Ahn Joong‐Bae
Published: October 2017

This study assesses the future changes in summer (June–July–August; JJA) heat stress over South Korea under global warming. To better resolve the region‐specific changes in terms of geographical patterns and severity of heat stress in the Korean peninsula, four regional climate models (RCMs) are used for dynamical downscaling of Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model version 2—Atmosphere and Ocean global projections forced by two Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) scenarios. Dynamically downscaled simulations (horizontal resolution of 12.5 km and output interval of 3 h) facilitate in‐depth analysis of diurnal variation and extremes over South Korea, as well as focusing on the particular location, Daegu, that is characterized by high vulnerability to rising temperature. Both maximum temperature and heat stress indices such as wet bulb globe temperature and apparent temperature, which include the effect of humidity, are examined in order to comprehensively interpret the behaviors of heat stress in response to anthropogenic climate change. Ensemble projections reveal robust patterns of temperature and resultant humidity increases that are roughly constrained by the approximate 7%/K increase in the moisture holding capacity. The changes in temperature and humidity are directly transmitted to the heat stress indices, showing a significant increase. The heat stress is exacerbated in a differentiated way, with more intensification in diurnal variation at nighttime and in regional variation at low‐elevation basins. Both RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios project the statistical likelihood of a notable increase of extreme heat stress indices, much stronger and more extended heat waves, and the emergence of a long period of consecutive tropical nights.
The Optical, Chemical, and Molecular Dissolved Organic Matter Succession Along a Boreal Soil‐Stream‐River Continuum
Authors: Hutchins Ryan H. S. , Aukes Pieter , Schiff Sherry L. , Dittmar Thorsten , Prairie Yves T. , del Giorgio Paul A.
Published: October 2017

Soils export large amounts of organic matter to rivers, and there are still major uncertainties concerning the composition and reactivity of this material and its fate within the fluvial network. Here we reconstructed the pattern of movement and processing of dissolved organic matter (DOM) along a soil‐stream‐river continuum under summer baseflow conditions in a boreal region of Québec (Canada), using a combination of fluorescence spectra, size exclusion chromatography and ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry. Our results show that there is a clear sequence of selective DOM degradation along the soil‐stream‐river continuum, which results in pronounced compositional shifts downstream. The soil‐stream interface was a hot spot of DOM degradation, where biopolymers and low molecular weight (LMW) compounds were selectively removed. In contrast, processing in the stream channel was dominated by the degradation of humic‐like aromatic DOM, likely driven by photolysis, with little further degradation of either biopolymers or LMW compounds. Overall, there was a high degree of coherence between the patterns observed in DOM chemical composition, optical properties, and molecular profiles, and none of these approaches pointed to measurable production of new DOM components, suggesting that the DOM pools removed during transit were likely mineralized to CO2. Our first order estimates suggest that rates of soil‐derived DOM mineralization could potentially sustain over half of the measured CO2 emissions from this stream network, with mineralization of biopolymers and humic substances contributing roughly equally to these fluvial emissions.
Improving the Representation of Polar Snow and Firn in the Community Earth System Model
Authors: van Kampenhout Leonardus , Lenaerts Jan T. M. , Lipscomb William H. , Sacks William J. , Lawrence David M. , Slater Andrew G. , van den Broeke Michiel R.
Published: October 2017

In Earth system models, terrestrial snow is usually modeled by the land surface component. In most cases, these snow models have been developed with an emphasis on seasonal snow. Questions about future sea level rise, however, prompt the need for a realistic representation of perennial snow, as snow processes play a key role in the mass balance of glaciers and ice sheets. Here we enhance realism of modeled polar snow in the Community Land Model (CLM), the land component of the Community Earth System Model (CESM), by implementing (1) new parametrizations for fresh snow density, destructive metamorphism, and compaction by overburden pressure, (2) by allowing for deeper snow packs, and (3) by introducing drifting snow compaction, with a focus on the ice sheet interior. Comparison with Greenlandic and Antarctic snow density observations show that the new physics improve model skill in predicting firn and near‐surface density in the absence of melt. Moreover, compensating biases are removed and spurious subsurface melt rates at ice sheets are eliminated. The deeper snow pack enhances refreezing and allows for deeper percolation, raising ice temperatures up to 15°C above the skin temperature.
Improving Empirical Magnetic Field Models by Fitting to In Situ Data Using an Optimized Parameter Approach
Authors: Brito Thiago V. , Morley Steven K.
Published: October 2017

A method for comparing and optimizing the accuracy of empirical magnetic field models using in situ magnetic field measurements is presented. The optimization method minimizes a cost function—τ—that explicitly includes both a magnitude and an angular term. A time span of 21 days, including periods of mild and intense geomagnetic activity, was used for this analysis. A comparison between five magnetic field models (T96, T01S, T02, TS04, and TS07) widely used by the community demonstrated that the T02 model was, on average, the most accurate when driven by the standard model input parameters. The optimization procedure, performed in all models except TS07, generally improved the results when compared to unoptimized versions of the models. Additionally, using more satellites in the optimization procedure produces more accurate results. This procedure reduces the number of large errors in the model, that is, it reduces the number of outliers in the error distribution. The TS04 model shows the most accurate results after the optimization in terms of both the magnitude and direction, when using at least six satellites in the fitting. It gave a smaller error than its unoptimized counterpart 57.3% of the time and outperformed the best unoptimized model (T02) 56.2% of the time. Its median percentage error in |B| was reduced from 4.54% to 3.84%. The difference among the models analyzed, when compared in terms of the median of the error distributions, is not very large. However, the unoptimized models can have very large errors, which are much reduced after the optimization.
Effective Prevention of Charge Trapping in Graphitic Carbon Nitride with Nanosized Red Phosphorus Modification for Superior Photo(electro)catalysis
Authors: Jing Lin , Zhu Ruixue , Phillips David Lee , Yu Jimmy C.
Published: October 2017

The high occurrence of trapped unreactive charges due to chemical defects seriously affects the performance of g‐C3N4 in photocatalytic applications. This problem can be overcome by introducing ultrasmall red phosphorus (red P) crystals on g‐C3N4 sheets. The elemental red P atoms reduce the number of defects in the g‐C3N4 structure by forming new chemical bonds for much more effective charge separation. The product shows significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity toward hydrogen production. To the best of our knowledge, the hydrogen evolution rate obtained on this hybrid should be the highest among all P‐containing g‐C3N4 photocatalysts reported so far. The trapping and detrapping processes in this red P/g‐C3N4 system are thoroughly revealed by using time‐resolved transient absorption spectroscopy.
Atomically Thin Femtojoule Memristive Device
Authors: Zhao Huan , Dong Zhipeng , Tian He , DiMarzi Don , Han Myung‐Geun , Zhang Lihua , Yan Xiaodong , Liu Fanxin , Shen Lang , Han Shu‐Jen , Cronin Steve , Wu Wei , Tice Jesse , Guo Jing , Wang Han
Published: October 2017

The morphology and dimension of the conductive filament formed in a memristive device are strongly influenced by the thickness of its switching medium layer. Aggressive scaling of this active layer thickness is critical toward reducing the operating current, voltage, and energy consumption in filamentary‐type memristors. Previously, the thickness of this filament layer has been limited to above a few nanometers due to processing constraints, making it challenging to further suppress the on‐state current and the switching voltage. Here, the formation of conductive filaments in a material medium with sub‐nanometer thickness formed through the oxidation of atomically thin two‐dimensional boron nitride is studied. The resulting memristive device exhibits sub‐nanometer filamentary switching with sub‐pA operation current and femtojoule per bit energy consumption. Furthermore, by confining the filament to the atomic scale, current switching characteristics are observed that are distinct from that in thicker medium due to the profoundly different atomic kinetics. The filament morphology in such an aggressively scaled memristive device is also theoretically explored. These ultralow energy devices are promising for realizing femtojoule and sub‐femtojoule electronic computation, which can be attractive for applications in a wide range of electronics systems that desire ultralow power operation.
Extremely Vivid, Highly Transparent, and Ultrathin Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Choi Moon Kee , Yang Jiwoong , Kim Dong Chan , Dai Zhaohe , Kim Junhee , Seung Hyojin , Kale Vinayak S. , Sung Sae Jin , Park Chong Rae , Lu Nanshu , Hyeon Taeghwan , Kim Dae‐Hyeong
Published: October 2017

Displaying information on transparent screens offers new opportunities in next‐generation electronics, such as augmented reality devices, smart surgical glasses, and smart windows. Outstanding luminance and transparency are essential for such “see‐through” displays to show vivid images over clear background view. Here transparent quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (Tr‐QLEDs) are reported with high brightness (bottom: ≈43 000 cd m−2, top: ≈30 000 cd m−2, total: ≈73 000 cd m−2 at 9 V), excellent transmittance (90% at 550 nm, 84% over visible range), and an ultrathin form factor (≈2.7 µm thickness). These superb characteristics are accomplished by novel electron transport layers (ETLs) and engineered quantum dots (QDs). The ETLs, ZnO nanoparticle assemblies with ultrathin alumina overlayers, dramatically enhance durability of active layers, and balance electron/hole injection into QDs, which prevents nonradiative recombination processes. In addition, the QD structure is further optimized to fully exploit the device architecture. The ultrathin nature of Tr‐QLEDs allows their conformal integration on various shaped objects. Finally, the high resolution patterning of red, green, and blue Tr‐QLEDs (513 pixels in.−1) shows the potential of the full‐color transparent display.
Light Robots: Bridging the Gap between Microrobotics and Photomechanics in Soft Materials
Authors: Zeng Hao , Wasylczyk Piotr , Wiersma Diederik S. , Priimagi Arri
Published: October 2017

For decades, roboticists have focused their efforts on rigid systems that enable programmable, automated action, and sophisticated control with maximal movement precision and speed. Meanwhile, material scientists have sought compounds and fabrication strategies to devise polymeric actuators that are small, soft, adaptive, and stimuli‐responsive. Merging these two fields has given birth to a new class of devices—soft microrobots that, by combining concepts from microrobotics and stimuli‐responsive materials research, provide several advantages in a miniature form: external, remotely controllable power supply, adaptive motion, and human‐friendly interaction, with device design and action often inspired by biological systems. Herein, recent progress in soft microrobotics is highlighted based on light‐responsive liquid‐crystal elastomers and polymer networks, focusing on photomobile devices such as walkers, swimmers, and mechanical oscillators, which may ultimately lead to flying microrobots. Finally, self‐regulated actuation is proposed as a new pathway toward fully autonomous, intelligent light robots of the future.
Vertical Growth of 2D Amorphous FePO4 Nanosheet on Ni Foam: Outer and Inner Structural Design for Superior Water Splitting
Authors: Yang Lei , Guo Zenglong , Huang Jing , Xi Yaoning , Gao Rongjie , Su Ge , Wang Wei , Cao Lixin , Dong Bohua
Published: October 2017

Rational design of highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts based on 3D transition‐metal‐based materials for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is of great importance for sustainable energy conversion processes. Herein, a novel strategy involving outer and inner structural engineering is developed for superior water splitting via in situ vertical growth of 2D amorphous FePO4 nanosheets on Ni foam (Am FePO4/NF). Careful experiments and density functional theory calculations show that the inner and outer structural engineering contributing to the synergistic effects of 2D morphology, amorphous structure, conductive substrate, and Ni−Fe mixed phosphate lead to superior electrocatalytic activity toward OER and HER. Furthermore, a two‐electrode electrolyzer assembled using Am FePO4/NF as an electrocatalyst at both electrodes gives current densities of 10 and 100 mA cm−2 at potentials of 1.54 and 1.72 V, respectively, which is comparable to the best bifunctional electrocatalyst reported in the literature. The strategies, introduced in the present work, may open new opportunities for the rational design of other 3D transition‐metal‐based electrocatalyst through an outer and inner structural control to strengthen the electrocatalytic performance.
Diatom‐Inspired Silica Nanostructure Coatings with Controllable Microroughness Using an Engineered Mussel Protein Glue to Accelerate Bone Growth on Titanium‐Based Implants
Authors: Jo Yun Kee , Choi Bong‐Hyuk , Kim Chang Sup , Cha Hyung Joon
Published: October 2017

Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) have been utilized to construct bioactive nanostructures comprising surface topographic features and bioactivity that enhances the activity of bone cells onto titanium‐based implants. However, there have been no previous attempts to create microrough surfaces based on SiNP nanostructures even though microroughness is established as a characteristic that provides beneficial effects in improving the biomechanical interlocking of titanium implants. Herein, a protein‐based SiNP coating is proposed as an osteopromotive surface functionalization approach to create microroughness on titanium implant surfaces. A bioengineered recombinant mussel adhesive protein fused with a silica‐precipitating R5 peptide (R5‐MAP) enables direct control of the microroughness of the surface through the multilayer assembly of SiNP nanostructures under mild conditions. The assembled SiNP nanostructure significantly enhances the in vitro osteogenic cellular behaviors of preosteoblasts in a roughness‐dependent manner and promotes the in vivo bone tissue formation on a titanium implant within a calvarial defect site. Thus, the R5‐MAP‐based SiNP nanostructure assembly could be practically applied to accelerate bone‐tissue growth to improve the stability and prolong the lifetime of medical implantable devices.
Fabrication and Engineering of Nanostructured Supercapacitor Electrodes Using Electromagnetic Field‐Based Techniques
Authors: Lai Wenhui , Wang Yang , Wang Xuanyu , Nairan Adeela , Yang Cheng
Published: October 2017

Over the last decade, significant efforts have been made to develop electrode architectures of the electrochemical energy storage (EES) devices. The involvement of electrostatic field, magnetic field, and electromagnetic field for electrode fabrication plays a vital role to enhance performance of supercapacitors in comparison with conventional roots. Electromagnetic techniques are advantageous over others because of several reasons including material's interactions at molecular level, noncontact energy, and chemical transportations to extract physical phase changings, and large‐scale production with a cost‐effective way. Recently, these techniques became a powerful tool for constructing hierarchical and well‐ordered nanostructured electrodes. Their novel mechanisms and forms show high efficiency with numerous advantages such as green, simple, and mild reaction conditions. Herein, recent progress involving electromagnetic techniques for supercapacitor is reviewed; their potential future applications are also highlighted. The present review aims to serve as a guideline for fabrication techniques of next generation supercapacitor electrodes.
High Performances for Solution‐Pocessed 0D–0D Heterojunction Phototransistors
Authors: Yu Yu , Zhang Yating , Song Xiaoxian , Zhang Haiting , Cao Mingxuan , Che Yongli , Dai Haitao , Yang Junnbo , Zhang Heng , Yao Jianquan
Published: October 2017

All‐inorganic cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals have emerged as attractive optoelectronic nanomaterials due to their stabilities and highly efficient photoluminescence. High‐sensitivity photodetection covering a large spectral range from ultraviolet to near‐infrared is dominated by phototransistors. To overcome existing limitations in sensitivity and cost of state‐of‐the‐art systems, new‐style device structures and composite material systems are needed with low‐cost fabrication and high performance. Here, field‐effect phototransistors (FEpTs) based on CsPbBr3–PbS colloidal quantum dot heterostructure dominate to obtain a wide response spectral range and high performance. The large spectral detection spectrum is from 400 to 1500 nm similar to PbS quantum dots' response. It is worth mentioning that the device shows responsivity up to 4.5 × 105 A W−1, which is three orders of magnitude higher than the counterpart of individual material‐based devices. Furthermore, other high performance of hybrid CsPbBr3–PbS FEpTs including a short photoresponse time (less than 10 ms) is ascribed to the assistance of heterojunction on the transfer of photoexcitons. The solution‐based fabrication process and excellent device performance strongly underscore CsPbBr3–PbS quantum dot as a promising material for future photoelectronic applications.
Strong Polarized Photoluminescence from Stretched Perovskite‐Nanocrystal‐Embedded Polymer Composite Films
Authors: Lu Wen‐Gao , Wu Xian‐Gang , Huang Sheng , Wang Lei , Zhou Qingchao , Zou Bingsuo , Zhong Haizheng , Wang Yongtian
Published: October 2017

Polarized light is very necessary to achieve functional optical systems for display, imaging, and information storage. Luminescent materials with polarized emission are of great interest to achieve polarized light. Here, strong polarized photoluminescence from stretched perovskite‐nanocrystal‐embedded polymer composite films is reported by combining an in situ fabrication process with controllable mechanical stretching. The material characterizations show that perovskite quantum dots (QDs) in stretched composite films are oriented aligned into wires along the stretching direction. The optical measurements illustrate that the stretched composite films exhibit not only isotropic absorption but also polarized photoluminescence emission. This feature can be explained with their unique structure of “QD‐aligned wires”. The achieved polarization ratio is consistent with the calculated results by considering the dielectric confinement of optical electric field and exciton–exciton interactions. In addition, the optimized stretched composite films show strong photoluminescence emission with a polarization ratio of up to 0.33 and a quantum yield of 80%. The use of these composite films in liquid crystal display backlights has potential to increase the light transmittance of polarizers from 50% (without considering the optical loss) to 65%, which is of great significance to improve the energy efficiency.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Cyclopropanes from Methylene Azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes Obtained by Formal Sequential [1+2]‐ and [2+3]‐Cycloaddition Reaction of Prop‐2‐ynylsulfonium Salts and Tosylaminomethyl Enones
Authors: Jia Penghao , Zhang Qinglong , Zhuge Yuzhou , Liwei Xingyue , Huang You
Published: October 2017

A formal sequential [1+2]‐ and [2+3]‐annulation of prop‐2‐ynylsulfonium salts and tosylaminomethyl enones was developed, constructing a series of methylene azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane derivatives. A one‐pot procedure was established via hydration of an enamine intermediate to afford substituted cyclopropanes. Prop‐2‐ynylsulfonium salts acted as both C2 and C1 synthons in these two processes.

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Reactivity and Synthetic Applications of α‐Functionalized Oxime Acetates: Divergent Access to Fulleropyrrolidines and Mono‐ and Disubstituted 1‐Fulleropyrrolines via Copper‐Catalyzed Redox‐Neutral N‐Heteroannulation with [60]Fullerene
Authors: Liu Tong‐Xin , Hua Shaoshuai , Ma Nana , Zhang Pengling , Bi Jingjing , Zhang Zhiguo , Zhang Guisheng
Published: October 2017

The unique reactivity and synthetic applications of oxime acetate derivatives with N, O and S substituents at the α‐position are disclosed for the first time, which leads to 2‐substituted fulleropyrrolidines and mono‐ and disubstituted 1‐fulleropyrrolines via copper‐catalyzed redox‐neutral N‐heteroannulation reactions with C60. This transformation is operationally simple and has a broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. Theoretical calculations at the level of B3LYP/6‐31G(d) were performed to elucidate the chemoselectivity of the reaction.

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Tailoring CO2 Reduction with Doped Silicon Nanocrystals
Authors: Wong Annabelle P. Y. , Sun Wei , Qian Chenxi , Ali Feysal M. , Jia Jia , Zheng Ziqi , Dong Yuchan , Ozin Geoffrey A.
Published: October 2017

More than 20 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide are released into the atmosphere every year. The conversion of CO2 into value‐added chemicals and fuels by solar energy is an immediate solution to mitigate CO2 emissions, while providing global energy security. In this work, boron‐ and phosphorus‐doped silicon nanocrystals (ncSi), comprised of three earth‐abundant elements, are investigated for gas‐phase heterogeneous photoreduction of CO2 for the first time. Surface dopants are demonstrated to induce CO2 adsorption capacity. Remarkably, phosphorus‐doped ncSi is found to be the best performer among the singly doped and co‐doped ncSi samples, doubling the rate of pristine ncSi. The enhancement of activity is attributed to the combination of the number of surface hydrides, its surface hydrophobicity, the addition of electronegative surface atoms, and perhaps an enhanced hydridic character of the SiH induced by the n‐doping effect. Significantly, boron and phosphorus dopants are shown to provide increased stability of CO2 reduction activity compared to pristine ncSi after storing the samples in air for 2 weeks. These noteworthy findings open up a pathway to develop sustainable alternatives for existing photocatalysts for CO2 conversion.
Retail promotion with price cut and the imperfect price responses of orange juice demand in the U.S.
Authors: Kim Hyeyoung , Zansler Marisa , House Lisa A.
Published: October 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate imperfect price reversibility and measure price sensitivity incorporated with the effect of trade promotions for refrigerated 100% orange juice (OJ). Using a price decomposition method with distributed lags, we test imperfect reversibility and asymmetric price responses. Empirical models consisted of prices coupled with promotions and prices decoupled from promotions to determine the effect of trade promotions on retail prices. The results showed that the demand for OJ was imperfectly price reversible when we used prices coupled with promotion, and asymmetric price responses were found in not from concentrated OJ demand. Prices coupled with promotions were more elastic than prices decoupled from promotions. The demand for OJ was influenced by both current and previous information. Dynamic adjustments toward price and promotions may result in irreversibility. Competitions with price reduction increase sales in the short run, but frequent promotions may lead to lower reference prices that eventually weaken consumer willingness to purchase at regular prices without promotions. [EconLit citations: C32, Q11, Q13].
Efficacy of VDT PACE‐like regimens in treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Lakshman Arjun , Singh Preet Paul , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Dispenzieri Angela , Lacy Martha Q. , Gertz Morie A. , Buadi Francis K. , Dingli David , Hwa Yi Lisa , Fonder Amie L. , Hobbs Miriam , Hayman Suzanne R. , Zeldenrust Steven R. , Lust John A. , Russell Stephen J. , Leung Nelson , Kapoor Prashant , Go Ronald S. , Lin Yi , Gonsalves Wilson I. , Kourelis Taxiarchis , Warsame Rahma , Kyle Robert A. , Kumar Shaji K.
Published: October 2017

Experience with intensive chemotherapy for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) using VDT PACE regimen and its modifications (VDT PACE‐like regimens: VPLRs) outside TOTAL THERAPY trials is limited. We analyzed the outcomes of 141 patients with RRMM who received VPLRs at our center between 2006 and 2017 in an intent‐to‐treat analysis. Median age was 59.7 years and 66.7% of patients were male. A median of 2.2 years (range 0.02‐11.4) separated diagnosis of myeloma and inititation of VPLR. High‐risk cytogenetics were present in 52.4% patients. Patients received a median of 4 (range 1‐14) prior therapies, including stem cell transplant (SCT) in 66.7% patients. Ninety‐five (67.4%) patients received VDT PACE, 20 (14.2%) patients received VD PACE and 26 (18.4%) patients received other VPLRs. Patients received a median of 1 cycle (range 1‐9) of VPLR. We observed ≥ minimal response in 68.4%, ≥ partial response (PR) in 54.4% and ≥ very good PR in 10.3% patients. Median progression‐free survival was 3.1 months (95% CI, 1.9‐3.9) and median overall survival (OS) was 8.1 months (CI, 6.2‐9.9). One‐hundred and sixteen (82.3%) patients received some therapy after VPLR; 71 (61.2%) received systemic chemotherapy, while 45 (38.8%) underwent SCT. Median OS for those who received SCT after VPLR was 15.1 months (CI, 10.3‐20.8). Age ≥ 60 years (hazard ratio [HR] 2.3 [CI, 1.4‐3.7]; P = 0.0008) and R‐ISS III stage (HR‐ 2.4 [CI, 1.3‐4.0]; P = 0.003) predicted shorter OS in patients receiving VPLR. VPLRs are effective in heavily pre‐treated RRMM. In fit patients, SCT can be used to consolidate the response to VPLR.
A rare case of a pericardial mass: Myelosarcoma from relapsed acute monoblastic leukaemia without bone marrow involvement
Authors: Binny Simon , Tomlinson Stephen , Hammett Christopher , Dahiya Arun , Pillai Elango , Prasad Sandhir B.
Published: October 2017

Introduction

A 67‐year‐old male presented with progressive exertional dyspnoea, night sweats and 25 kg of weight loss over 2 years. He was febrile, 38.0°C, hypotensive and tachycardiac. Pulsus paradoxus was present. His electrocardiogram showed electrical alternans. He had previously had acute myeloid leukaemia treated with three cycles of chemotherapy.

Results

The patient was found to have a 3.6 cm pericardial effusion with features consistent with tamponade and three cardiac masses (largest 10 × 9 × 5 cm) and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. He had 825 mL of pericardial fluid drained from which cytology was consistent with extramedullary leukaemia. A bone marrow aspirate and trephine was normal.

Conclusion

The findings suggested extramedullary recurrence of leukaemia in the pericardium, without bone marrow involvement.
Utilising Sodium‐Mediated Ferration for Regioselective Functionalisation of Fluoroarenes via C−H and C−F Bond Activations
Authors: Maddock Lewis C. H. , Nixon Tracy , Kennedy Alan R. , Probert Michael R. , Clegg William , Hevia Eva
Published: October 2017

Pairing iron bis(amide) Fe(HMDS)2 with Na(HMDS) to form new sodium ferrate base [(dioxane)0.5⋅NaFe(HMDS)3] (1) enables regioselective mono and di‐ferration (via direct Fe−H exchange) of a wide range of fluoroaromatic substrates under mild reaction conditions. Trapping of several ferrated intermediates has provided key insight into how synchronised Na/Fe cooperation operates in these transformations. Furthermore, using excess 1 at 80 °C switches on a remarkable cascade process inducing the collective twofold C−H/threefold C−F bond activations, where each C−H bond is transformed to a C−Fe bond whereas each C−F bond is transformed into a C−N bond.
Ruthenium(0)‐katalysierte Cycloaddition von 1,2‐Diolen, Ketolen oder Dionen durch Alkohol‐vermittelte Wasserstoffübertragung
Authors: Sato Hiroki , Turnbull Ben W. H. , Fukaya Keisuke , Krische Michael J.
Published: October 2017

Durch die Kombination der Charakteristiken von Transferhydrierung und Carbonyladdition wurde eine neue breite Klasse von Ruthenium(0)‐katalysierten Cycloadditionen entwickelt. Wie in diesem Kurzaufsatz erläutert, können anellierte oder überbrückte bicyclische Ringsysteme redoxunabhängig in C‐C‐Kupplungs‐Wasserstofftransfer‐Reaktionen von Diolen, α‐Ketolen oder 1,2‐Dionen mit verschiedenartigen ungesättigten Reaktanten synthetisiert werden.
Ruthenium(0)‐Catalyzed Cycloaddition of 1,2‐Diols, Ketols, or Diones via Alcohol‐Mediated Hydrogen Transfer
Authors: Sato Hiroki , Turnbull Ben W. H. , Fukaya Keisuke , Krische Michael J.
Published: October 2017

Merging the characteristics of transfer hydrogenation and carbonyl addition, a broad new class of ruthenium(0)‐catalyzed cycloadditions has been developed. As discussed in this Minireview, fused or bridged bicyclic ring systems are accessible in a redox‐independent manner in C−C bond‐forming hydrogen transfer reactions of diols, α‐ketols, or 1,2‐diones with diverse unsaturated reactants.
Catalytic application of sulfonic acid‐functionalized titana‐coated magnetic nanoparticles for the preparation of 1,8‐dioxodecahydroacridines and 2,4,6‐triarylpyridines via anomeric‐based oxidation
Authors: Zolfigol Mohammad Ali , Karimi Fatemeh , Yarie Meysam , Torabi Morteza
Published: October 2017

We have developed green, efficient and powerful protocols for the preparation of 2,4,6‐triarylpyridines and 1,8‐dioxodecahydroacridines in the presence of Fe3O4@TiO2@O2PO2(CH2)2NHSO3H as a sulfonic acid‐functionalized titana‐coated magnetic nanoparticle catalyst under mild and solvent‐free reaction conditions. These protocols furnished the desired products in short reaction times with good to high yields (20–40 min and 80–86% in the case of 2,4,6‐triarylpyridines; 15–90 min and 80–93% in the case of 1,8‐dioxodecahydroacridines). The final step of the mechanistic route in the synthesis of 2,4,6‐triarylpyridines proceeds via an anomeric‐based oxidation. Also, the nanomagnetic core–shell catalyst can be recycled and reused in both cases of the scrutinized one‐pot multicomponent reactions with high turnover number and turnover frequency.
Biofouling alleviation and flux enhancement of electrospun PAN microfiltration membranes by embedding of para‐aminobenzoate alumoxane nanoparticles
Authors: Moradi G. , Rajabi L. , Dabirian F. , Zinadini S.
Published: October 2017

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) as a hybrid technology for wastewater treatment is becoming more popular for wastewater treatment. However, membrane fouling has hindered the widespread application of MBRs. Many efforts have been done for fouling mitigation. In this study, high flux and antifouling microfiltration membranes with unique surface structure, high surface porosity, and permeability were prepared by electrospinning technique. Initially, the optimum thickness of electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membranes was determined and then, electrospun PAN membrane at optimum thickness were prepared by embedding para‐aminobenzoate alumoxane (PABA) nanoparticles at different concentrations. The effect of PABA nanoparticles on membrane performance was investigated. To investigate the characterization of the prepared membranes Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and water contact angle measurement were employed. The flux recovery ratio results revealed that the antifouling properties of the electrospun PAN membrane were enhanced by modification. The 3 wt % electrospun PABA embedded PAN had the best permeability, hydrophilicity, and antifouling properties among the fabricated membranes and showed remarkable reusability during filtration. The results obtained suggested that the high flux and antifouling electrospun PAN membranes embedded PABA nanoparticles could be used as MBR membranes. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45738.
Understanding the “expanded notion” of videogames as archival objects: A review of priorities, methods, and conceptions
Authors: Sköld Olle
Published: October 2017

This paper aims to show how videogames are construed as archival objects in the videogame‐preservation literature by investigating drivers and motivations, selection of material, and methods of preservation. The review focuses on the expanded notion of videogames (“the EN”), a concept this paper introduces to collectively refer to the cultural and social aspects of videogames—for example, game culture, experiences, play, and community life and activity. The study's research aims are pursued on the basis of a critical systematic literature review of 42 publications originating from academic research and videogame‐archiving projects. The study's main finding is that the archiving literature construes the EN of videogames in three principal ways: i) as an essential part of the videogame as an archival object; ii) as a useful resource in archiving videogames, able to provide documentation of game culture and social context; and iii) as a useful resource in inquiries focused on the current state and recent history of society and culture from a sociotechnical viewpoint. The study suggests videogame community dynamics, videogame ontology, the development of archival theory, and videogame‐archive studies as rewarding directions for further research.
Topic diffusion analysis of a weighted citation network in biomedical literature
Authors: Kim Munui , Baek Injun , Song Min
Published: October 2017

In this study, we propose a framework for detecting topic evolutions in weighted citation networks. Citation networks are important in studying knowledge flows; however, citation network analysis has primarily focused on binary networks in which the individual citation influences of each cited paper in a citing paper are considered identical, even though not all cited papers have a significant influence on the cited publication. Accordingly, it is necessary to build and analyze a citation network comprising scholarly publications that notably impact one another, thus identifying topic evolution in a more precise manner. To measure the strength of citation influence and identify paper topics, we employ a citation influence topic model primarily based on topical inheritance between cited and citing papers. Using scholarly publications in the field of the protein p53 as a case study, we build a citation network, filter it using citation influence values, and examine the diffusion of topics not only in the field but also in the subfields of p53.
Too Much Eukaryote LGT
Authors: Martin William F.
Published: October 2017

The realization that prokaryotes naturally and frequently disperse genes across steep taxonomic boundaries via lateral gene transfer (LGT) gave wings to the idea that eukaryotes might do the same. Eukaryotes do acquire genes from mitochondria and plastids and they do transfer genes during the process of secondary endosymbiosis, the spread of plastids via eukaryotic algal endosymbionts. From those observations it, however, does not follow that eukaryotes transfer genes either in the same ways as prokaryotes do, or to a quantitatively similar degree. An important illustration of the difference is that eukaryotes do not exhibit pangenomes, though prokaryotes do. Eukaryotes reveal no detectable cumulative effects of LGT, though prokaryotes do. A critical analysis suggests that something is deeply amiss with eukaryote LGT theories.
A carbonothioate‐based highly selective fluorescent probe with a large Stokes shift for detection of Hg2+
Authors: Xu Jing , Xu Zhenghe , Wang Zuokai , Liu Caiyun , Zhu Baocun , Wang Xiuru , Wang Kun , Wang Jiangting , Sang Guoqing
Published: October 2017

Mercury (Hg) is one of the heavy metal pollutants in the environment. Even a very small amount of mercury can cause serious harm to human beings. Herein, we reported a new carbonothioate‐based fluorescent probe for the detection of Hg2+ without interference from other metal ions. This probe possessed a very large Stokes shift (192 nm), which could improve the detection sensitivity by minimizing the interferences resulted from self‐absorption or auto‐fluorescence. With the addition of Hg2+ to the probe solution, considerable fluorescence enhancement was observed. Additionally, the Hg2+ concentration of 0–16 μM and fluorescence intensity showed a good linear relationship (y = 22106× + 53108, R2 = 0.9955). Finally, the proposed probe was used to detect Hg2+ in real water samples, and its result was satisfactory. Therefore, our proposed probe would provide a promising method for the determination of Hg2+ in the environment.
The determination of nitrite by a graphene quantum dot fluorescence quenching method without sample pretreatment
Authors: Jin Li , Wang Ying , Liu Fangtong , Yu Shihua , Gao Yan , Zhang Jianpo
Published: October 2017

A method for quantitative analysis of nitrite was achieved based on fluorescence quenching of graphene quantum dots. To obtain reliable results, the effects of pH, temperature and reaction time on this fluorescence quenching system were studied. Under optimized conditions, decrease in fluorescence intensity of graphene quantum dots (F0/F) showed a good linear relationship with nitrite concentration between 0.007692–0.38406 mmol/L and 0.03623–0.13043 μmol/L; the limits of detection were 9.8 μmol/L and 5.4 nmol/L, respectively. Variable temperature experiments, UV absorption spectra and thermodynamic calculations were used to determine the quenching mechanism, and indicated that it was an exothermic, spontaneous dynamic quenching process. This method was used to analyse urine samples, and showed that it could be applied to analyse biological samples.
Exploring the influence of hyperthermophilic protein Ssh10b on the stability and conformation of RNA by molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Zhang Xue , Zheng Qing‐Chuan
Published: October 2017

The hyperthermophilic Ssh10b from Sulfolobus shibatae is a member of the Sac10b family, which binds RNA in vivo as a physiological substrate, and it has been postulated to play a key role in chromosomal organization in Archaea. Even though the crystal structure of Ssh10b‐RNA was resolved successively by X‐ray diffraction (Protein Data Bank [PDB] code: 3WBM), the detailed dynamic characteristics of Ssh10b‐RNA are still unclear. In this study, molecular dynamics (MDs) simulations at 6 temperatures (300, 350, 375, 400, 450, and 500 K) and molecular mechanics Generalized‐Born surface area (MM‐GB/SA) free energy calculations were performed to investigate the mechanism of how Ssh10b protects and stabilizes RNA. The simulation results indicate that RNA is stabilized by Ssh10b when the temperature rises up to 375 K. RNA is found to undergo conformational transition between A‐RNA and A′‐RNA when Ssh10b binds to RNA at 3 different temperatures (300, 350, and 375 K). Salt bridges, hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions are observed, and some residues have significant impact on the structural stability of the complex. This study increases our understanding of the dynamics and interaction mechanism of hyperthermophilic proteins and RNA at the atomic level, and offers a model for studying the structural biology of hyperthermophilic proteins and RNA.
Desipramine‐induced lysosomal vacuolization is independent of autophagy
Authors: Sawai Hirofumi
Published: October 2017

Desipramine, a commonly used antidepressant drug, induced cytosolic vacuolization in L929 cells. The level of LC3‐II was elevated and that of p62 was reduced in desipramine‐treated L929 cells, indicating the induction of autophagy by desipramine. Surprisingly, massive vacuolization was observed in desipramine‐treated L929 cells in the presence of LY294002, an inhibitor of autophagy. On the other hand, bafilomycin A1, an inhibitor of vacuolar type H+ ATPase, almost completely inhibited vacuolization in desipramine‐ or desipramine/LY294002‐treated L929 cells. Furthermore, desipramine‐induced vacuolization was observed in autophagy‐deficient Atg7−/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) as well as wild‐type Atg7+/+ MEFs. These results demonstrate that desipramine‐induced lysosomal vacuolization is independent of autophagy.
Isolation and characterization of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from synovial fluid by magnetic‐activated cell sorting (MACS)
Authors: Jia Zhaofeng , Liang Yujie , Xu Xiao , Li Xingfu , Liu Qisong , Ou Yangkan , Duan Li , Zhu Weimin , Lu Wei , Xiong Jianyi , Wang Daping
Published: October 2017

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the primary source of cells used for cell‐based therapy in tissue engineering. MSCs are found in synovial fluid, a source that could be conveniently used for cartilage tissue engineering. However, the purification and characterization of SF‐MSCs has been poorly documented in the literature. Here, we outline an easy‐to‐perform approach for the isolation and culture of MSCs derived from human synovial fluid (hSF‐MSCs). We have successfully purified hSF‐MSCs using magnetic‐activated cell sorting (MACS) using the MSC surface marker, CD90. Purified SF‐MSCs demonstrate significant renewal capacity following several passages in culture. Furthermore, we demonstrated that MACS‐sorted CD90+ cells could differentiated into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes in vitro. In addition, we show that these cells can generate cartilage tissue in micromass culture as well. This study demonstrates that MACS is a useful tool that can be used for the purification of hSF‐MSCs from synovial fluid. The proliferation properties and ability to differentiate into chondrocytes make these hSF‐MSCs a promising source of stem cells for applications in cartilage repair.
Providing counseling with buprenorphine: It doesn't hurt, but does it help?
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2017

Is counseling necessary for patients on buprenorphine? For physicians prescribing buprenorphine for the treatment of opioid use disorders, the answer from the American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM), the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), and the research literature is gradually coming into focus, but it's still far from clear. And while some say that's the way it should be in the practice of medicine, the fact remains that for patients in opioid treatment programs (OTPs) — clinics licensed to dispense methadone as well as buprenorphine — there is no choice. Counseling is required for all OTP patients.
Novel use of cutting balloon to treat subintimal hematomas during chronic total occlusion interventions
Authors: Vo Minh N. , Brilakis Emmanouil S. , Grantham J. Aaron
Published: October 2017

Contemporary chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary interventional (PCI) techniques are increasingly dependent upon dissection and reentry techniques (DARTs) especially for long occluded lesions. DARTs can result in compressive hematomas during CTO interventions and traditional treatment with balloon angioplasty and/or coronary stenting are often suboptimal and may extend the hematoma distally. We describe the novel use of a cutting balloon to “express” these compressive hematomas and restore antegrade coronary blood flow.
Meta‐analysis of transfemoral TAVR versus surgical aortic valve replacement
Authors: Arora Sameer , Vaidya Satyanarayana R. , Strassle Paula D. , Misenheimer Jacob A. , Rhodes Jeremy A. , Ramm Cassandra J. , Wheeler Evan N. , Caranasos Thomas G. , Cavender Matthew A. , Vavalle John P.
Published: October 2017

Background

In the recently concluded PARTNER 2 trial, TF‐TAVR cohort was shown to have lower risks of death or disabling strokes as compared to SAVR, whereas the outcomes with transthoracic TAVR were comparable with SAVR.

Methods

We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for all comparison studies between TAVR and SAVR and mortality as an outcome, irrespective of surgical risk. Randomized controlled trials and propensity‐score‐matched cohort studies that used a transfemoral approach exclusively or stratified results by route of access and reported data for TF‐TAVR patients were eligible for inclusion. Outcomes of interest included 30‐day and 1‐year mortality, and 30‐day complications. If significant heterogeneity was found in the random effects meta‐analyses, a sensitivity analysis which individually removed each study was conducted.

Results

Seven studies reported results on TF‐TAVR. Compared with SAVR, TF‐TAVR had comparable 30‐day mortality (RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.58, 1.06), 1‐year mortality (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.78, 1.08) and 30‐day risk of bleeding (RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.31, 1.57). However, TF‐TAVR was associated with lower 30‐day risks of atrial fibrillation (RR 0.28, 95% CI 0.17, 0.45), acute kidney injury (RR 0.38, 95% CI 0.20, 0.71), and myocardial infarction (RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.23, 0.75) at a cost of higher incidences of vascular complications (RR 6.10, 95% CI 2.92, 12.73) and pacemaker implantations (RR 3.29, 95% CI 1.41, 7.65).

Conclusions

TF‐TAVR is associated with lower 30‐day risks of myocardial infarction compared to SAVR. Further studies are required to investigate the role of myocardial injury on overall TF‐TAVR outcomes.