bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital twin-driven online intelligent assessment of wind turbine drivetrain
Authors: Zhou Yadong , Jianxing Zhou , Cui Quanwei , Wen Jianmin , Fei Xiang
Published: January 2024

Condition monitoring and evaluation of wind turbine drivetrain hold
great importance. However, the implementation of real-time monitoring
often faces challenges in efficiency and accuracy, as the drivetrain
typically operates under harsh conditions. In order to resolve this,
this paper proposes a vibration-based damage monitoring digital twin
(VBDM-DT) that enables the online intelligent evaluation of wind turbine
drivetrain. The VBDM-DT integrates a random wind load model, a
high-fidelity dynamics model, and a fatigue damage model. The random
wind load model takes the wind speed from the supervisory control and
data acquisition (SCADA) as input to estimate the input torque of the
drivetrain in real time. Simultaneously, VBDM-DT uses the vibration
signals from the condition monitoring system (CMS) to intelligently
calibrate the dynamics model, allowing it to be continuously adjusted
and optimized in response to actual vibrations. And the fatigue damage
model takes the real-time dynamic load estimated by the high-fidelity
dynamics model as input to realize real-time fatigue damage monitoring
of key components of the drivetrain. The VBDM-DT model is applied to a 2
MW wind turbine drivetrain to verify the effectiveness of the proposed
method. In addition, a visualization platform is developed to vividly
and intuitively display the real-time operating information, dynamic
loads, and damage levels of the key components of wind turbine.
Palladium-catalyzed carbonylation with direct indole C-H activation involving HCFO-1233zd (E)
Authors: Zhao Xiao , Zhu Wen , Jing Yu , Shi Yi , Zhang Jin , Li Hong , Yang Min , Fan Qiang , Li Yang
Published: January 2024

3-Idolenone is a key intermediate in the synthesis of many drugs and
plays an important role in synthetic chemistry and biochemi-stry. A new
method for the synthesis of trifluoromethylated 3-indolenones by
carbonylation reaction catalyzed by Pd (0) is de-scribed. In the absence
of an additive, 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-propylene (a cheap
ozone-friendly CF3 structural unit) reacts with indole and carbon
monoxide to synthesize trifluoromethylatedindolenone, good yield,
Regioselectivity and Chemoselectivity, and strong resistance to basal
functional groups such as alkynes, aldehydes and esters. It is worth
mentioning that not only indole compounds can be well transformed into
the corresponding products, pyrrole, hetero-indole also can be well
completed the cor-responding chemical transformation. This late
construction of trifluoromethylated indole/pyrrole 3-ketene provides a
scientific method.
Dietary composition of adult eosinophilic esophagitis patients is related to disease severity
Authors: Eussen Simone , Wielders Sanne , Rooij Willemijn de , Ampting Marleen van , Esch Betty Van , Vries Jeanne de , Bredenoord Albert J. , Vlieg-Boerstra Berber
Published: January 2024

Background: In addition to the elimination diet, dietary composition may
influence disease severity in patients with Eosinophilic Esophagitis
(EoE) through modulation of the immune response. Aim: To explore the
immunomodulatory role of nutrition before and during elimination diet in
adult EoE patients. Methods: Nutritional intake was assessed in 39 Dutch
adult EoE patients participating in the Supplemental Elemental Trial
(SET) using 3-day food diaries. In this randomized controlled trial,
diagnosed patients received either a four-food elimination diet alone
(FFED) or FFED with addition of an amino acid-based formula for six
weeks. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to assess
associations between the intake of nutrients and food groups per 1000
kCal and peak eosinophil count/High Power Field (PEC), both at baseline
and after six weeks. Results: At baseline, we found a statistically
significant negative (thus favorable) relationship between the intake of
protein, total fat, phosphorus, zinc, vitamin B12, folate and milk
products and PEC (p<0.05), while calcium (p=0.058) and full
fat cheese/curd (p=0.056) were borderline (favorably) significant. In
contrast, total carbohydrates, prepacked fruit juice and white bread
were significantly positively related to PEC (p<0.05)
(unfavorable), while ultra-processed meals (p=0.059) were borderline
(unfavorably) significant. After dietary intervention, coffee/tea were
significantly negatively (favorably) related to PEC, hummus/legumes were
significantly positively (unfavorably) related with PEC, while peanuts
were borderline significantly positively related (p=0.058). Conclusion:
Dietary composition may be related to inflammation in adult EoE
patients. High quality and anti-inflammatory diets may be a promising
adjuvant therapy in the dietary management of EoE.
Undiagnosed Type C Coronary Artery Dissection and Prompt Surgical Management
Authors: Inamdar Kamran , Zhao Wen-zeng , Bing Wen , Xu Hua-shan , Zhao Guo Chang
Published: January 2024

An Aortic dissection results due to intimal tear, causing passage of
blood into the media creating a false channel. This dissected channel
can extend proximally or distally, causing any branch artery to
compromise or rupture. Acute aortic dissection is a very fatal condition
having high risk of mortality. Involvement of the coronary artery in
acute aortic dissection is a very rare condition [1] but if
involved, has fatal results for the patient. Since, it involves high
mortality, coronary malperfusion should be actively looked in all
proximally aortic dissection patients. Coronary angiogram, contrast
enhanced CT and Transesophageal Echocardiography are the diagnostics
used for aortic and coronary dissection. Surgical management gets very
complicated if coronaries get involved in aortic dissection, since
patients usually need to undergo an additional bypass grafting distal to
dissecting coronary artery with closure of the main ostia. Here, we
describe an uncommon surgical management of a very rare case in a
patient with chronic aortic dissection involving type C right coronary
ostial dissection that could not be shown by CECT and TEE, and was
diagnosed on table with effective local repair. This Case Study was
approved by our local ethics committee, and individual patient consent
was taken. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Funding: None
Solvability for a coupled system of perturbed implicit fractional differential equations with periodic and anti-periodic boundary conditions
Authors: Zhang Wei , Liu Wenbin , Ni Jinbo
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we first provide a refinement result for the abstract
continuation theorem for k-set contractions. The new version of the
theorem is equivalent to the usual one and it better adapts to study the
existence of solutions for nonlinear differential equations. Then we
discuss a new class of coupled system of implicit fractional boundary
value problem. The nonlinear terms of equations involving perturbations,
and the boundary conditions are constituted by periodic and
anti-periodic boundary conditions. Based on the abstract continuation
theorem for k-set contractions, an interesting existence result is
obtained. Finally, an example is constructed for illustrating the
application of our main results.
A free boundary problem of Lotka-Volterra Competition model with degenerate diffusion
Authors: Zhang Yang
Published: January 2024

This paper deals with a free boundary problem for the Lotka-Volterra
competition model with degenerate diffusion over a one dimensional
habitat. We prove that the global existence and uniqueness of solution,
the long time behavior of solution and criteria for spreading and
vanishing.
Immune Thrombocytopenia in a toddler testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies
Authors: Zairi Maria , Maritsi Despina , Tsolia Maria , Kossiva Lydia
Published: January 2024

Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a relatively common hematologic
disorder characterized by isolated thrombocytopenia. In children it is
usually associated with a history of a preceding viral infection
provoked by common viruses. During the pandemic of Coronavirus
Disease-19(COVID-19) few cases have been described in literature
associated with previous COVID-19 infection(1,2). We describe the case
of a 2-year-old boy who presented with ITP which was attributed to
previous COVID-19 infection based on positive serology and hence we
aspire to highlight the importance of including Severe Acute Respiratory
Syndrome Coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2) in routine serology tests performed
in children with ITP during the current pandemic.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Infantile Extracranial Germ Cell Tumors: A Multi-center 10-year Retrospective Study
Authors: Zhang Zhaoxia , Zhu Shuai , Zhi Tian , Sun Qing , Zhao Weihong , Huang Dongsheng , Ma Xiaoli , Liu Rong
Published: January 2024

Objectives: To summarize the clinical characteristics and outcome of
infantile extracranial germ cell tumors(GCTs) from four different
centers in China since the last 10 years. Methods: Fifteen cases of
infantile extracranial GCTs diagnosed between January 1st, 2010 to
December 31st, 2019 were evaluated. Results: Nine patients were
males(60%) and six were females(40%). The median age was 5.2
months(ranges:2.4-11.8months). There were six cases(40%) in
retroperitoneum, six cases(40%) in sacrococcygeal, one case(6.6%) in
testicular, one case(6.6%) in hip and one case(6.6%) in mediastinum.
Histologically, there were 10 cases(66.6%) of immature teratoma,
3(20%) mixed GCTs and 2(13.3%) malignant GCTs. One case was
stageII(6.6%), eleven stageIII(73.3%), one stageIV(6.6%) and two
cases were unclear(13.3%). Nine cases(60%) had alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)
level of higher than 1000ng/ml. All of the cases received adjuvant
chemotherapy in which platinum-based chemotherapy regimens were mostly
used. The median follow-up time was 31 months(range: 3–81 months). At
the end of treatment, 12 patients got CR(80%), 1 PR(6.7%) and 2
NR(13.3%). During the follow-up period, 12 patients alive without
disease and 3 patient who did not got CR at the end of treatment died of
disease progression. Conclusions: Most of infantile extracranial GCTs
located outside the gonads. Sacrococcygeal and retroperitoneal regions
were common sites. Histologically, teratoma was more common in infantile
GCTs. Early diagnosis is needed and chemotherapy regimen needs to be
further standardized in China. An evaluation system is needed to figure
out treatment efficacy and prognosis in the future.
Steady-state bifurcation and Turing instability in diffusion prey-predator models with Allee effect in predator population
Authors: Yang Wenbin , Gao Yujing
Published: January 2024

In this work, we are concerned with steady-state bifurcation and Turing
instability caused by diffusion in two prey-predator models with
unbounded exponential or logistic growth in prey population and Allee
effect in predator population. We first give stability of the
homogeneous steady-state to the model with unbounded exponential growth
in prey population, and establish the local structure of the steady
states bifurcating from simple and double eigenvalues by the techniques
of space decomposition and implicit function theorem. Second, we explore
how diffusion destabilizesthe homogeneous steady-state, and explicitly
describe the Turing space under certain conditions. Furthermore, some
remarks and numerical simulations are illustrated to verify our
theoretical findings.
Impact of educational intervention in the perception of hospitalised patients about the risk of falling and associated factors
Authors: Ximenes Maria Aline Moreira , Oliveira Ingrid Kelly Morais , Cavalcante Francisco Marcelo Leandro , Neto Nelson Miguel Galindo , Caetano Joselany Áfio , Barros Lívia Moreira
Published: January 2024

Background: Falls are responsible for a significant morbimortality
related to the assistance in the hospitals and healthcare facilities.
Among the prevention strategies, it is the worth emphasizing improvement
in the patient’s perception about the risks of falling, since such
perception has a direct impact in the adhesion to the preventive
guidelines. Therefore, we aimed to analyse the impact of educational
intervention in the perception of hospitalised patients about the risk
of falling and associated factors. Methods: This study used the
quasi‐experimental, pretest‐posttest design and results were presented
according to the Transparent Reporting of Evaluations with Nonrandomised
Design guidelines. This study was conducted in a Brazilian public
hospital with 157 patients admitted to a medical clinic. The data were
collected before and after educational intervention mediated by a
booklet on fall prevention. It was identified the nursing diagnosis Risk
of fall, and applied an adaptation of the Falls Risk Awareness
Questionnaire scale. Results: The findings were presented according to
the number of risk factors of the participants, and to define the
groups, with lower and higher risk, a median of the analyzed risk
factors was used, represented by five. Therefore, this value was used to
dichotomize the data. The results showed positive effects of the
educational intervention mediated by booklet in the perception of fall
risks. The questions about advanced age, hearing problems, insecurity
and fear of falling presented significant associations with perception
improvement in both groups. Conclusions: educational intervention
mediated by booklet is effective to promote improvement in the
perception of risks of falling patients in hospital admission. Health
education about fall preventions is effective for involving patients in
the care process. Therefore, this evidence may support the planning of
strategies to prevent falls inside hospital environments.
Pharmacokinetics and brain sigma 1 (σ1) receptor occupancy of MR309, a selective σ1 receptor antagonist
Authors: Rabiner Eugenii , Smith Kevin , Bennet Carla , Rizzo Gaia , Lewis Yvonne , Mundin Gill , Dooner Helen , Oksche Alexander
Published: January 2024

Background and purpose: Preclinical studies of MR309, a selective sigma1
receptor (σ1R) antagonist, support a potential role in treating
neuropathic pain. We report two studies that provide insight into the
pharmacokinetics (PK) and brain σ1R binding of MR309. Experimental
approach: Steady-state PK of MR309 (400 mg QD and 200 mg BID for 10
days; EudraCT 2015-001818-99 [PK study]) and the relationship
between MR309 plasma exposure and brain σ1R occupancy (EudraCT
2017-000670-11 [PET study]) were investigated in healthy volunteers.
Positron emission tomography (PET) using the σ1R ligand [11C]SA4503
was conducted at baseline, 2h and 8h after a single dose of MR309
(200–800 mg). The relationship between brain σ1R occupancy and MR309
exposure was explored using data-driven model fitting. Key results:
MR309 was well tolerated, brain σ1R occupancy ranged between 30.5% and
74.9% following single-dose MR309 (n=7). MR309 BID provided a plasma PK
profile with less fluctuation than QD dosing (n=16). MR309 200 mg BID
yielded average steady state plasma concentrations between 2000 and 4000
ng/mL in the PK study, which corresponded to an estimated brain σ1R
occupancy of 59–74%. Conclusions and implications: MR309 200 mg BID
dose was below the 75% σ1R occupancy threshold expected to elicit
maximal antinociceptive effect as observed in neuropathic pain models.
Further investigations of MR309 for neuropathic pain will require higher
brain σ1R occupancy, and establish the optimal dose by elucidating the
clinical impact of a broad range of brain σ1R occupancy across different
neuropathic pain indications.
Time for a revival of anatomy education in postgraduate obstetrics and gynaecology training: A longitudinal analysis of anatomy knowledge
Authors: Koppes Dorothea , Snoeren Anniko , Notten Kim , Schepens-Franke Annelieke , Kruitwagen Roy , Scheele Fedde
Published: January 2024

Objective: To determine the anatomy knowledge in postgraduate obstetrics
and gynaecology trainees. Our hypothesis was that trainees possess a
good knowledge of anatomy and, on average, would correctly answer at
least 80% of questions on core anatomy knowledge. Design: A 10-year
longitudinal study. Setting: This study included the results from annual
progress tests over 10 years (2010–2019) that were completed by Dutch
obstetrics and gynaecology postgraduates. Population: Dutch trainees in
the field of obstetrics and gynaecology. Methods: Anatomy questions
included in a yearly progress test were assessed for their relevance.
Relevance was determined according to a previous Delphi study, which
identified 86 structures that are essential for the safe and competent
practice of general gynaecologists. Scores on relevant anatomy questions
were calculated. Main Outcome Measures: The mean percentage correct
answers. Results: Of all 1637 questions of the yearly progress test, 54
were anatomy-related questions (3.3%). Of these 54 questions, 38 (70%)
were considered as relevant questions. The mean 10-year correct response
rate on relevant questions was 64.5%. Conclusions: The anatomy
knowledge of obstetrics and gynaecology trainees is insufficient. Our
results highlight the need to test and improve anatomy knowledge during
postgraduate obstetrics and gynaecology training. Funding: None.
Keywords: anatomy knowledge, progress testing, obstetrics and
gynaecology, postgraduate training
The combined effects of silicon and selenium on enhancing plant salt tolerance
Authors: Xu Shu Nan , Zhao Na , Qin Dong Ni , Liu Shu Han , Jiang Shu Miao , Xu Ling Yi , Sun Zhong , Yan De Zhi , Hu An Yong
Published: January 2024

Silicon (Si) and selenium (Se) have been recognized as beneficial
elements for plant tolerance to abiotic stresses. However, the
mechanisms responsible for the alleviating effects of Si-Se interactions
on salt stress are still not clear. In this study, we compared the
effects of Si and Se alone and in combination on the growth, sodium (Na)
accumulation, photochemical parameters, the net Na+ flux and expression
of salt resistance-related genes in maize plants under salt stress. The
results showed that the addition of Si and Se significantly mitigated
salt toxicity, and an obvious synergistic interaction was found between
them. The application of Si and Se protected the structure and function
of the photosynthetic apparatus from salt stress, and no differences
were found between single and combined treatments. The combination of Si
and Se significantly increased the net Na+ efflux and resulted in
decreased Na+ influx in the root meristematic zone. Furthermore, salt
stress-responsive genes, including ZmNHX and ZmSOS2, were upregulated
under the combined treatment of Si and Se. These results indicate that
the synergistic effects of Si and Se against salt stress were caused by
the upregulated expression of transporter genes involved in Na+ uptake,
exclusion and sequestration into vacuoles in roots.
The maximum generalized entropy principle demonstrates that a sediment-starved clear freshwater ecosystem is stabler but more susceptible to being affected than a sediment-laden turbid system
Authors: Liu Xinyuan
Published: January 2024

Different types of rivers have their own ecosystems. Based on the
laden-starved sediment content in rivers, they can be classified as
sediment-laden turbid (SLT) and sediment-starved clear (SSC) river
ecosystems. Understanding the evolution process and driving factors of
these two river ecosystems is very important for the protection of their
ecology. Until now, however, there has been no comprehensive study that
integrates biological and nonbiological factors in river ecosystems.
Here, the self-organizing feature map (SOFM) model based on the maximum
generalized entropy principle can integrate the two and conduct research
on the evolution of river ecosystems. First, we can evaluate the
stabilities of the SLT river ecosystem (i.e., the Weihe River
mainstream) and the SSC river ecosystem (i.e., the Weihe River
tributaries at the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains). Second, the
degree of influence of various factors on stability was assessed.
Finally, correlation analysis was added to study the driving
relationship between the internal and external aspects of the ecosystem.
The results showed that the stability of the SLT river ecosystem (mean
value 3.371) was lower than that of the SSC type (mean value 5.343).
However, the SSC river ecosystem was more susceptible to being affected
because more factors could affect its stability. Further study indicated
that although turbidity was the largest connection weight in the two
river ecosystems, the reasons for its increase were different. This
result was due to the increased sediment content in the SLT river
ecosystem and the growth of algae in the SSC ecosystem. The main reason
for this difference was that the SLT and SSC river ecosystems had
different external driving forces. The SLT river ecosystem was mainly
driven by land utilization, and the SSC was mainly driven by
hydrological situations and climate factors. Although there are
differences between the two ecosystems, they may transform into each
other when the external driving force of the river ecosystem changes.
This study emphasizes the importance of external background to the
evolution trend of river ecosystems and the difference in the influence
of internal factors on the stability of river ecosystems.
Deflection problem of circular plates of variable thickness with fixed edges under uniform loaded
Authors: Yun Yin-shan , Li Jia-zhen
Published: January 2024

The deflection problem of circular plates of variable thickness with
fixed edges under uniform loaded is considered in this paper. When the
thickness of the thin plate along the diameter section follows an
exponential function curve, new approximate decomposition solution of
the kind of deflection problems is constructed by the Adomian
decomposition method. Based on the approximate decomposition solution,
the influence of different design of the thickness change for the thin
circular plate of variable thickness on the deflection, the radial
bending stress and the tangential stress of the thin plate is discussed.
The radial bending stress and the tangential stress of the plate of
variable thickness at the center and the edge are analyzed with the
parameters of thickness change of the plates through its 2-dimensional
graphs. The center deflection of the plates of variable thickness is
discussed with the parameters of thickness change of the plates through
its 2-dimensional graph. From those discussions, one can see the radial
bending stress and the tangential stress of the plate at the center tend
to decrease after increasing to a certain level with the increase of the
parameter. The center deflection and the absolute values of the radial
bending stress and the tangential stress of the plate at the edge are
increase along a curve as exponential curve with the increase of the
parameter.
Defining a severe asthma super-responder: findings from a Delphi process
Authors: Upham John , Lievre Chantal Le , Jackson David , Masoli Matthew , Wechsler Michael , Price David
Published: January 2024

Background: Clinicians are increasingly recognising severe asthma
patients in whom biologicals and other add-on therapies lead to dramatic
improvement. Because there is no agreed upon super-responder (SR)
definition at present, we surveyed severe asthma experts using a
modified Delphi process in order to define an international
consensus-based definition of a severe asthma ‘super-responder’.
Methods: The Delphi panel comprised 81 participants (94% specialist
pulmonologists or allergists) from 24 countries and consisted of 3
iterative online voting rounds. Consensus on individual items, whether
acceptance or rejection, required at least 70% agreement by panel
members. Results: Consensus was achieved that the SR definition should
be based on improvement across 3 or more domains assessed over 12
months. Major SR criteria included exacerbation elimination, a large
improvement in asthma control (≥ 2x the minimal clinically important
difference) and cessation of maintenance of oral steroids (or weaning to
adrenal insufficiency). Minor SR criteria comprised a 75% exacerbation
reduction, having well controlled asthma and a 500mL or greater
improvement in FEV1. The SR definition needs to incorporate quality of
life measures, though current tools can be difficult to implement in a
clinical setting and further research is needed. Conclusions: This
international consensus-based definition of severe asthma super
responders is an important prerequisite for better understanding
super-responder prevalence, predictive factors and the mechanisms
involved. Further research is needed to understand the patient
perspective and measure quality of life more precisely in
super-responders.
Colon targeted dosage form of Capecitabine using folic acid anchored modified carbon nanotube:cytotoxicity, apoptosis and invivo roentgenography
Authors: Randive Dheeraj , Randive Akshata , Shejawal Kiran , Bhutkar Mangesh , Bhinge Somnath , Jadhav Namdeo
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We aimed to develop a dosage form comprising of
Capecitabine loaded carbon nanotubes for its targeted delivery to the
colon. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) were
functionalized by -COOH and chitosan along with folic acid. Capecitabine
was loaded in these SWCNT’s and the system was analyzed by FTIR, SEM,
Raman spectroscopy. Percent drug loading was assessed and the
cytotoxicity (COLO320DM and HT29) was verified by using MTT and SRB
assay. The apoptosis study was carried out by flowcytometry. The system
was enclosed in enteric coated capsule with pH sensitive polymers and
characterized for invitro disintegration, dissolution and invivo
roentgenographic studies. KEY RESULTS FTIR, Raman and XRD studies
indicated the confirmation of attachments, whereas SEM exhibited size
range of 200-500 nm. Drug loading capacity was observed to be 94.63±1.07
%. Cytotoxicity studies of Capecitabine and
FA–CHI-F-SWCNT-Capacitabine against COLO320DM by using MTT assay showed
that FA–CHI-F-SWCNT-Capacitabine exhibited 86.45±0.5788% inhibition
whereas pure Capecitabine showed 50.52±0.3106% inhibition. Against
HT29, the % inhibition was observed to be 82.76±0.4668 % and
56.41±0.2316 % respectively for FA–CHI-F-SWCNT-Capacitabine and pure
Capacitabine. In case of SRB assay of COLO320DM, the
FA–CHI-F-SWCNT-Capacitabine exhibited 89.62±0.4095 % inhibition and
Capecitabine showed 84.36±0.2559% inhibition, whereas against HT29,
FA–CHI-F-SWCNT-Capacitabine showed 81.36±0.2958 % inhibition and
Capacitabine exhibited 90.62±0.4196 % inhibition. CONCLUSION AND
IMPLICATIONS FA-CHI-FSWCNT loaded system exhibited better cytotoxicity
compared with pure drug, Invivo studies revealed that the prepared
capsule formulation remains intact in the stomach thereby preventing
drug release in the gastric milieu to achieve targeting in colon.
The q-deformed heat equation and q-deformed difiusion equation with q-translation symmetry
Authors: Chung Won Sang , Hassanabadi Hassan
Published: January 2024

In this paper we consider the discrete heat equation with a certain
non-uniform space interval which is related to q-addition appearing in
the non-extensive entropy theory. By taking the continuous limit, we
obtain the q-deformed heat equation. Similarly, we obtain the solution
of the q-deformed difiusion equation.
Genetic confirmation of a hybridization zone of forest and savannah elephants at the extreme north of Kibale forest, Uganda
Authors: Bonnald Julie , Utge Jose , Kuhner Mary , Wasser Samuel , Asalu Edward , Okimat John Paul , Krief Sabrina
Published: January 2024

After a long-standing debate, African elephants, listed as Vulnerable on
the IUCN Red list of Threatened Species, are now considered by the IUCN
as two distinct species: savannah elephants (Loxodonta africana)
and forest elephants (Loxodonta cyclotis), the latter being
severely threatened by forest loss, fragmentation and degradation due to
agriculture expansion, as well as by the illegal ivory trade. Although
the two species have different habitat preferences, their range overlaps
in some ecotones; despite an ancient separation between these two
species, hybrids have been reported in four locations. The main area of
hybridization known today is located on the DRC-Uganda border, but
remains understudied. Using 15 microsatellites, we aimed to investigate
this hybridization zone by determining the species and hybrid status of
177 fecal samples collected in the area of Sebitoli, at the extreme
North of Kibale National Park. Surprisingly for a forest area, no pure
forest elephants were detected. Out of the 91 individuals sampled a very
large proportion (81.3%) were hybrid individuals mainly from a second
generation or more. Only 18.7% of pure savannah elephants were
detected, all originating from the DRC-Uganda border. Further analyses
are necessary to assess the age of this hybridization zone. Our results
emphasize that hybrids and savannah elephants can successfully range in
forested area. They also show that forest elephants are rare even in
their native habitat. The proposed amendment of IUCN regarding the
African elephant taxonomy may help to better conserve the threatened
forest elephant.
Kaempferol Alleviates Corneal Transplantation Rejection by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Macrophage M1 Polarization via Promoting Autophagy
Authors: Tian Huiwen , Lin Shumei , Wu Jing , Ma Ming , Yu Jian , Zeng Yuanping , Liu Qi
Published: January 2024

Corneal transplantation rejection remains a major threat to the success
rate in high-risk patients. Given the many side effects presented by
traditional immunosuppressants, there is an urgency to clarify the
mechanism of corneal transplantation rejection and to identify new
therapeutic targets. Kaempferol is a natural flavonoid that has been
proven in various studies to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant,
anticancer, and neuroprotective properties. However, the relationship
between kaempferol and corneal transplantation remains largely
unexplored. To address this, both in vivo and in vitro, we established a
model of corneal allograft transplantation in Wistar rats and an
LPS-induced inflammatory model in THP-1 derived human macrophages. In
the transplantation experiments, we observed an enhancement in the NLRP3
/ IL-1 β axis and in M1 macrophage polarization post-operation. In
groups to which kaempferol intraperitoneal injections were administered,
this response was effectively reduced. However, the effect of kaempferol
was reversed after the application of autophagy inhibitors. Similarly,
in the inflammatory model, we found that different concentrations of
kaempferol can reduce the LPS-induced M1 polarization and NLRP3
inflammasome activation. Moreover, we confirmed that kaempferol induced
autophagy and that autophagy inhibitors reversed the effect in
macrophages. In conclusion, we found that kaempferol can inhibit the
activation of the NLRP3 inflammasomes by inducing autophagy, thus
inhibiting macrophage polarization, and ultimately alleviating corneal
transplantation rejection. Thus, our study suggests that kaempferol
could be used as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of
allograft rejection.
On qualitative analysis to nonlinear coupled systems
Authors: Kai Yue , Yin Zhixiang
Published: January 2024

In this paper, two nonlinear coupled systems, one is fractional-order
with Riemann-Liouville (RL) derivative and another is integer-order, are
considered via the bifurcation method and the complete discrimination
system for polynomial method. Though our results, the necessity of
qualitative analysis to nonlinear equations can be seen very clearly;
the existences of periodic and a variety kinds of soliton solutions
could be established even when the solution can not be given explicitly
by the elementary functions nor commonly used special functions.
Concrete examples are also carried out to illustrate our results.
Effect of nitrogen source and its concentration on Scenedesmus dimorphus productivity under photoautotrophic growth conditions
Authors: Tapia-López Lilia , Chairez Isaac , Guerrero-Barajas Claudia , Fernandez-Linares Luis Carlos
Published: January 2024

The effect of ammonium and nitrate, as the sole source of nitrogen (1,
2, 4, 8, 16 mM) and in mixtures (4+1, 4+2, 4+4, 4+8, and 4+16 mM,
nitrate+ammonium), on the productivity of biomass, lipids,
carbohydrates, proteins and total pigments of S. dimorphus was
determined. The experiments were conducted in 450 mL photobioreactors
with BG11 medium. S. dimorphus showed growth under all nitrate
concentrations tested with the highest productivity at 4 mM. However,
there was no growth in media amended with only ammonium. The nitrate and
ammonium mixture (4+1 mM) increased by 38.37% of the biomass
productivity, compared to nitrate 4 mM. This combination also increased
lipid, carbohydrate, and total pigment productivity by 65%, 69%, and
51.8%, respectively. Nitrate was suitable to produce S. dimorphus
biomass. Unexpectedly, ammonium in any concentration inhibited S.
dimorphus growth, nevertheless ammonium 1mM with nitrate 4 mM
significantly increased productivities.
Flood Forecasting Using Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts and Hydrological Model in Sebeya Catchment, Rwanda
Authors: Mukakarangwa Assoumpta , Aja Daniel
Published: January 2024

We used Satellite data, quantitative precipitation forecasts and
rainfall-runoff model for short term flood forecasting in Sebeya
catchment. The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) product was used
as satellite rainfall product for model calibration and validation and
forecasted European Centre Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF)
rainfall products were evaluated for flood forecasting. The performance
of the model was assessed using visual inspection of simulated and
observed hydrographs and a set of performance indicators. Real time flow
forecast assessment was conducted with respect to three different flood
warning threshold levels for 3 to 24 hours lead times. The forecast
skill was assessed and the result for 3 hours lead time showed that 144
hours out of 199 hours were hit hours and there were only 15 hours of
false alarms and 19 hours of missed forecast. The number of hits
decreased as the lead time increased. The accuracy of both the
operational and real-time satellite rainfall products was too poor to
serve as model inputs without bias correction. The flood forecasts have
limitations in reproducing flood magnitudes. The findings of this study
can provide a base for future studies to establish a flood early warning
system in the study area and beyond.
A least squares based diamond scheme for anisotropic diffusion problems on polygonal meshes
Authors: dong cheng , Kang Tong
Published: January 2024

We present a new least squares based diamond scheme for anisotropic
diffusion problems on polygonal meshes. This scheme introduces both
cell-centered unknowns and vertexunknowns. The vertex unknowns are
intermediate ones and are expressed aslinear combinations with the
surrounding cell-centeredunknowns by a new vertex interpolation
algorithm which is alsoderived in least squares approach. The least
squares approach is very flexible due to that theleast squares method
can solve overdetermined linear system. Both of the new scheme and the
vertex interpolation algorithmare applicable to diffusion problems with
discontinuous andanisotropic diffusion tensor on polygonal meshes.
Besides, they are linearity-preserving under givenassumptions, and the
optimal converge rates for both L2 errorand H1 error are observed in
numerical experiments. More interesting is that a very robust
performance of the newvertex interpolation algorithm on random meshes
compared withthe algorithm LPEW2 can be found from the numerical tests.
Tumors (re)shape biotic interactions: evidence from the freshwater cnidarian Hydra
Authors: BOUTRY Justine , MISTRAL Juliette , KLIMOVICH Alexander , Tökölyi Jácint , FONTENILLE Laura , Ujvari Beata , Giraudeau Mathieu , Thomas Frédéric
Published: January 2024

While it is often assumed that oncogenic process in metazoans can
influence biotic interactions, empirical evidence for that is lacking.
Here, we use the cnidarian Hydra oligactis to experimentally explore the
consequences of tumor associated phenotypic alterations for the hydra’s
predation efficiency, the relationship with commensal ciliates and the
vulnerability to predators. Unexpectedly, the efficiency of hydra
predation on prey was higher in tumorous polyps compared to non-tumorous
ones. Commensal ciliates colonized preferentially tumorous hydras than
non-tumorous ones, and had a higher replication rate on the former.
Finally, in a choice experiment, tumorous hydras were preferentially
eaten by a fish predator. This study, for the first time, provides
evidence that neoplastic growth has the potential, through effect(s) on
host phenotype, to alter biotic interactions within ecosystems and
should thus be necessarily taken into account by ecologists.
Pitfalls in the enzymatic characterization of LwCas13a
Authors: Chen Qun , Qin Peiwu , Yuan Xi , Liu Chang , Yu Dong , He Qian
Published: January 2024

The pitfalls in the enzymatic characterization of LwCas13a we
encountered may trouble other colleagues in the future, and we hope to
share this unpleasant experience regarding the issue of leakages in
ion-exchange chromatography
Effect of forest model combined with evidence-based nursing on the rehabilitation quality of patients with myocardial infarction after PCI
Authors: Guo Limin , Shi Ning , Qie Xiaojing
Published: January 2024

Aim: To explore the effect of green model combined with evidence-based
nursing on the rehabilitation quality of patients with myocardial
infarction after PCI. Methods: From June 2018 to June 2019, 100 AMI
patients who underwent PCI Treatment in our hospital were selected as
the study subjects. According to the random number method, 100 patients
were divided into study group and control group, 50 patients in each
group. The control group was treated with evidence-based nursing; The
research group adopted green model combined with evidence-based nursing.
The scores of anxiety and depression (had), self-management behavior
after intervention, cardiac function index at 30 days after operation,
cardiac rehabilitation quality at 6 months after operation, incidence
and satisfaction of adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) within 6 months
after operation were compared between the two groups. Results: The had
score of the study group was lower than that of the control group (P
< 0.001); The incidence of MACE in the study group within 6
months was 6.00%, which was significantly lower than that in the
control group (P<0.05); The satisfaction rate of patients in
the study group was higher than that in the control group
(P<0.05). Conclusion: Green model combined with evidence-based
nursing improves the quality of rehabilitation of AMI patients after PCI
A Cross-sectional Study of Effect of Mental State on Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Wang Liyu , Xiao Qizhen , Liu Shuyun , Yang Li , Yang Ye , Yin Zedeng
Published: January 2024

Objective: To explore the effects and clinical significance of mental
state on SSNHL. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting:
Teaching-hospital otolaryngology. Participants: Otolaryngology inpatient
with SSNHL. Main outcome measures: Mental state in pre- and
post-treatment was evaluated by SCL-90, and the severity of tinnitus was
acquired by THI. Moreover, the correlations between the mental state and
classification, prognosis, tinnitus degree, different occupation, and
age were analyzed. Results: 115 patients were analyzed. There were
significant differences in the depression（F=5.46, P=0.00）, other
factor （F=3.38, P=0.02）and total mean score (TMS) （F=7.70, P=0.00）in
the different types, and changes in the phobic anxiety (F=2.95, P=0.03)
in different efficacy groups. Furthermore, there were statistic
differences in all factors (P＜0.05) except other factors (F=0.75,
P=0.47) in different degrees of tinnitus. Additionally, anxiety (t=3.20,
P=0.00) and paranoia factor score (t=2.03, P=0.04) increased in
white-collar workers, but somatization factor (t=－2.21, P=0.03) in
blue-collar workers. Finally, 10 factors and TMS unchanged among
different age groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion: Depression, insomnia and
other negative emotions occurred generally, and improved significantly
after treatment in all patients with SSNHL. Moreover, the mental state
is correlated with the type, prognosis and degree of tinnitus. There
were different mental symptoms in white and blue-collar workers. Key
word: Sudden sensorineural hearing loss; Mental; Tinnitus;
Classification; Prognosis; Occupation Key Points There are many problem
to be solved about the correlation between mental state and SSNHL. 115
patients with SSNHL were analyzed in a cross-sectional study.
Depression, insomnia and other negative emotions occurred generally in
patients with SSNHL. The mental state is correlated with the type,
prognosis and degree of tinnitus. There were different mental symptoms
in white and blue-collar workers.
Nonexistence of global solutions of a viscoelastic p(x)-Laplacian equation with logarithmic nonlinearity
Authors: NARAYANAN LAKSHMIPRIYA , Soundararajan Gnanavel
Published: January 2024

In this work, we aim to obtain the existence and finite time blow up of
weak solutions of a p(x) -Laplacian pseudo-parabolic equation with
memory term and logarithmic nonlinearity. Moreover, we extract an upper
bound for the blow up time by applying the concavity method and a lower
bound using the differential inequality technique.
Trichinella spiralis ESP inhibits tumor cell growth by regulating the immune response and inducing apoptosis
Authors: Ding Jing , Liu Xiaolei , Tang Bin , Bai Xue , Wang Yang , Li Shicun , Li Jian , Liu Mingyuan , Wang Xuelin
Published: January 2024

The excretory-secretory product (ESP) of Trichinella spiralis (T.
spiralis) has antitumor activity. To explore the effect of ESP on liver
cancer cells, tumor models were established with H22 cells and then
infected with T. spiralis. The results showed that the growth of tumors
in mice infected with T. spiralis was significantly inhibited. ESP from
adult worms or muscle larvae were then incubated with H22 cells in
vitro, and it was found that the ESP could inhibit cell proliferation
and promote apoptosis. Subsequently, apoptosis-related proteins in
stimulated H22 cells were evaluated, and ESP was found to induce cell
apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. Additionally, Th-related
cytokines were investigated in vivo, and the results showed that the
levels of Th1 cytokines were significantly increased in the early stage
of T. spiralis infection, while Th2 cytokines increased later than Th1
cytokines, implying that Th1 cytokines with antitumor effects may play a
role in inhibiting tumor growth at early stage. In short, ESP can
directly induce tumor cell apoptosis and indirectly inhibit tumor cell
growth through the host immune system, which may be the antitumor
mechanism of T. spiralis infection.
Monolithic catalysts for the combustion of dichloromethane: effect of coating method, catalyst support, and additives
Authors: Fu Kaixuan , Su Yun , Yang Lizhe , Zheng Yanfei , Ji Na , Song Chunfeng , Ma Degang , Lu Xuebin , Han Rui , Liu Qingling
Published: January 2024

Supported Pt catalysts were considered to have excellent activity and
stability in the catalytic combustion of chlorinated VOCs, which,
however, face challenges on the transformation to pilot application.
Herein, we prepared a series of Pt catalysts and coated them on
honeycomb cordierites uniformly to prepared monolithic catalysts. The
effects of different coating methods (washcoating, one-pot synthesis, or
impregnation), supports (TiO2 or HZSM-5) and additives (Co3O4 or CeO2)
on the catalytic performance were investigated. The advantage of the
washcoating method is that the active phase of catalysts worked as a
unit, which means a stronger interaction between them. In this research,
the Pt-Co/HZSM-5 prepared by the washcoating method exhibited the best
activity in the catalytic oxidation of dichloromethane (T50=260 ºC and
T90=335 ºC) and showed stability for at least 48 hours (at 90%
conversion). Such an excellent performance was attributed to the
abundant Oads species and high BET surface area.
The Effect of Ecological Factors on Cats' Weight in Tehran - First Phase
Authors: Rahimi Farid
Published: January 2024

Urban cats live in cities like humans and humans affect their life
intentionally or unintentionally. Waste production is only one of the
human effects on the urban cat ecosystem. The waste produced by human
supply some of the food needed by urban cats. This descriptive -
estimation research is the first study in the world to measure the cats’
weight to investigate the effect of the increase or decrease in urban
wastes on physical status of cats. In the first phase of the research
(Spring 2016-Winter 2017) in Tehran, we found that the average volume of
the collected wastes had increased by 14% and the average weight of
cats in the mentioned period had increased 1%. The 9.5% decrease in
the waste volume in Autumn 2016 had led to the decrease in the average
weight of cats in Winter 2017. The male cats were more affected by the
decrease in waste volume.
Eugenol restrains abdominal aortic aneurysm progression with dual targets on NF-κB and COX-2
Authors: Jiang Baohong , Zhai Ziyi , Zhang Xianjing , Ding Yuchao , Huang Ziming , Li Qian , Zheng Mingyue , Chen Zaixing
Published: January 2024

Background and Purpose: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a lethal
disease without available medicine for treatment. As COX-2 and NF-κB are
promising targets against AAA, eugenol, a novel candidate as a
dual-target on COX-2 and NF-κB, was unearthed and evaluated it
efficiency against AAA progression. Experimental Approach: AAA model was
established using porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) plus
3-aminopropanonitrile (BAPN). Dual-binding of eugenol with COX-2 and
NF-κB was verified by molecular docking. The efficiency of eugenol
against AAA progression was evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining and
orcein staining. The downregulations of eugenol on COX-2 and NF-κB were
detected by immunohistochemistry and western blot. The administration
route of eugenol was further evaluated. Key Results: Based on the
results of AAA progression, AAA model was confirmed to be set up at day
5 after PPE and BAPN induced, then the 5th day was defined as the
starting time point for eugenol treatment. With AAA progression,
macrophage infiltration, up-regulation of COX-2 and NF-κB was detected.
After massive screening and molecular docking, eugenol was chosen
because of its dual targets on COX-2 and NF-κB. Eugenol blocked AAA
expansion and protected the integrity of aortic structure in a
dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the down-regulation of eugenol on
COX-2 and NF-κB was further confirmed in vivo. Finally, high oral
bioavailability was found as another advantage of eugenol. Conclusion
and Implications: On the basis of dual-targets against COX-2 and NF-κB,
high efficiency and oral bioavailability endowed eugenol great potential
for future AAA therapy. KEYWORDS Abdominal aortic aneurysm, Eugenol,
NF-κB, COX-2