bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of the innate normal tissue specific genes and acquired tumor specific genes in determining the tumor transcriptional profiles
Authors: Wang Haiwei , Wang Xinrui , Xu Liangpu , Zhang Ji , Cao Hua
Published: November 2019

Background: For a specific cancer type, the transcriptional profile is determined by the combination of innate transcriptional features of the original normal tissue and the acquired transcriptional characteristics mediated by genomic and epigenetic aberrations in the tumor development. However, the classification of innate normal tissue specific genes and acquired tumor specific genes is not studied in a pan-cancer manner. Methods: The innate and acquired gene expression profiles in each tumor type were studied using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) RNA-seq dataset. The prognostic effects of the tumor acquired genes were determined by “survival” package in R software. The methylation of the tumor acquired genes was delineated using TCGA HumanMethylation450 microarray data. Results: 90% liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) specific genes are derived from innate normal liver specific genes. On the contrary, 90.3% kidney clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) specific genes and 90.9 % lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) specific genes are acquired in the tumor developmental progress. The innate normal tissue specific genes are down regulated in tumor tissues, while, the tumor acquired specific genes are up regulated in the tumor tissues. The innate normal tissue specific genes and the tumors acquired specific genes are both associated with the tumor overall survival in some tumor types. The hyper-DNA methylation of normal tissue specific genes is contributing to the inhibition of normal tissue specific genes expression in cancer cells. And the tumor acquired specific genes are activated by hypo-DNA methylation and genomic aberrations. Conclusions: Our results provide descriptions of the specific transcriptional features across cancer types and suggest that the tumor acquired specific genes are potential targets for anti-cancer therapy.
The effect of gestational diabetes mellitus on sufentanil consumption after cesarean section: A prospective cohort study
Authors: yang chen , Geng WeiLian , Hu Jianying , Huang Shaoqiang
Published: November 2019

Background: Previous studies have shown that patients with long-term diabetes require more opioids after surgery than patients without diabetes. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) normally only lasts for a brief period; nevertheless, its effect on sufentanil consumption after cesarean section is unknown. Methods: This prospective cohort study included two groups: a GDM group (n=32) and a matched non-GDM (NGDM) group (n=32). All patients underwent routine combined spinal-epidural anesthesia for cesarean delivery. Sufentanil consumption through an intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump, the frequency of PCA requests, and visual analog scale (VAS) scores 6 and 24 hours after surgery were compared between groups. Results: Sufentanil consumption (µg) 6 hours after surgery was higher in the GDM group than in the NGDM group (24.0±6.6 vs 20.1±5.7, P=0.023). PCA was used more frequently 6 and 24 hours after surgery by the GDM group than by the NGDM group (1[0-2] vs 0[0-1], P=0.001; 6[4-8] vs 3[1-5], P=0.001, respectively). The VAS score during activity 24 hours after surgery was higher in the GDM group than in the NGDM group (5[5-6] vs 5[4-5], respectively, P=0.03). Conclusion: Pregnant women with GDM require more opioids during the immediate postoperative period after cesarean section than those without GDM.
The impact of the national tourism system on the economic growth in Ukraine
Authors: Mazaraki Anatoliy , Boiko Margaryta , Okhrimenko Alla , Melnychenko Svitlana , Zubko Tetiana
Published: November 2019

The paper aims at analyzing the impact of tourism on the economic growth in Ukraine considering its global significance and dynamic development. Tourism should be considered not as a separate phenomenon, but as a complex socio-economic-ecological system, i.e. the national tourism system (NTS). The study attempts to reveal the nature and determinants of the national tourism system impact on economic growth, and also empirically substantiates this in the Ukrainian context. Since the economic decisions require a huge amount of information and different models, a multivariate least square model has been proposed to determine the causal links between NTS and economic growth. The paper also presents the economic parameters such as Ukrainian GDP as a dependent variable, volume of domestic tourism consumption, income from international passenger carriage, international tourism expenditures in the country, the volume of services provided in temporary accommodation and catering establishments, and country’s income from NTS as independent variables. The paper is based on the 2000–2017 statistical data. It concludes that the increase of total NTS contribution to GDP is influenced by all considered factors except the international tourism expenditures in the country. A proposed econometric factor analysis model can be used as a tool to analyze and forecast the socio-economic NTS processes. The hypothesis of the NTS`s impact on economic growth is substantiated.
Co-expression of β-Glucanase Genes of Various Origin as an Approach to the Creation of Recombinant Yeast Strains Producing Enzymes with Optimal Properties
Authors: Gordeeva T.L. , Kalinina A.N. , Fedorov A.S. , Sineoky S.P.
Published: November 2019

The co-expression of genes encoding β-glucanases from Paenibacillus jamilae and Rhizomucor miehei in the Komagataella kurtzmanii methylotrophic yeast system has been carried out. The recombinant strains that simultaneously produced both enzymes with a total activity of 1132 and 1464 units for 96 h of cultivation in flasks were obtained. The combination of enzyme properties made it possible to achieve a substantial extension of the pH range of β-glucanase activity, as well as to bring the temperature and pH optima of the enzymes closer to those optimal for use in feed production. A vector has been developed that allows the efficient simultaneous expression of genes due to the sequential integration of expression cassettes into the recipient strain chromosome. It was also shown that a change in the ratio of the number of genes integrated into the chromosome of the host cell allows to directionally influence the total properties of recombinant enzymes.

co-expression, β-glucanase, β-glucan, Paenibacillus jamilae, Rhizomucor miehei, Komagataella kurtzmanii, Pichia pastoris

The work was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Education (Project Unique Identifier RFMEFI60717X0179) using the Multipurpose Scientific Installation of National Bio-Resource Center «All-Russian Collection of Industrial Microorganisms», NRC «Kurchatov Institute» - GOSNIIGENETIKA.
Laminin 521 Alters the SNAI1, ZNF708 and GRN Gene Expression in BeWo b30 Cells and Creates Physiological Conditions for the Placental Barrier
Authors: Knyazev E.N. , Gerasimenko T.N. , Kindeeva O.V. , Maltseva D.V. , Turchinovich A. , Sergievich A.A.
Published: November 2019

A human choriocarcinoma cell line BeWo b30 imitates cytotrophoblast cells and thus allows to model the placental barrier. Since these cells can form multilayered structures, a method to control the number of cells based on the MTS test has been developed. It was found that during the cell growth on a laminin-521-containing extracellular matrix a significant change in the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and the electrical capacitance of the cell monolayer is observed as compared to the cultivation without the extracellular matrix. The transcriptome analysis of the cells revealed that in the presence of laminin-521, the expression of the ZNF708 gene decreases and that of the SNAI1 and progranuline gene GRN increases as compared to the data obtained without the extracellular matrix. This may indicate that in the first case the cells were prepared to fuse into syncytiotrophoblast. A change in the expression of five microRNA genes and one snoRNA gene was also observed. The above mentioned effects can be associated with the used laminin.

BeWo b30, placenta, barrier, microRNA, laminin 521 (laminin-11), SNAI1

The study was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation in the framework of the Federal Targeted Program for Research and Development in Priority Areas of Advancement of the Russian Scientific and Technological Complex for 2014-2020 (RFMEFI58817X0007).
La depresión y su influencia en los cambios neuropsicológicos del adulto mayor con trastorno neurocognitivo leve debido a la enfermedad de Alzheimer
Authors: da Silva Rodrigues Charles Ysaacc , Carvalho Figueiredo Paula A. , Ramos Frausto Víctor Manuel
Published: November 2019

Objetivo: Identificar las alteraciones neuropsicológicas asociadas a la depresión en adultos mayores con trastorno neurocognitivo (TNC) leve debido a la enfermedad de Alzheimer, de la Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad (UMAE), del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS). Cuadro teórico: Los hallazgos han demostrado que los cambios neurocognitivos son más evidentes cuando existe depresión en el adulto mayor. Metodología: Participaron en esta investigación un total de 785 adultos mayores con Alzheimer, divididos en dos grupos: El experimental, en el que participaron mayores con diagnóstico clínico de depresión y el de Control, cuyos participantes no presentaban depresión. Todos fueron evaluados a través del Inventario de Depresión de Beck II (BDI-II) y la Batería Neuropsicológica NEUROPSI. Resultados: Existen correlaciones significativas entre la depresión y las funciones neuropsicológicas y, además, la depresión presenta una influencia significativa en la orientación; atención y concentración; memoria; lenguaje; y funciones ejecutivas. Conclusiones: Los procesos neuropsicológicos en adultos mayores con trastorno neurocognitivo (TNC) leve debido a la enfermedad de Alzheimer, presentan deterioro funcional negativo y reducido, siendo que el nivel de disminución está relacionado con el nivel de depresión.
El amor como afectación y afecto en la vida de Louis Althusser: una montaña muchas veces pintada
Authors: López Arboleda Gloria María , Giraldo Zuluaga Conrado
Published: November 2019

El presente artículo analiza la concepción del amor en la obra autobiográfica “El porvenir es largo” (1992) de Louis Althusser, teniendo en cuenta el concepto poder amar como la acción althusseriana imposible pero no por eso irremediable. Se acude así a la metáfora de la montaña muchas veces pintada de Cezanne (1878)[1], para mostrar cómo la vida de Althusser (la montaña) fue definida y formada por diversos afectos con sus respectivas afecciones, entre los cuales, se encuentra el amor. Este texto muestra cómo, en la obra, el filósofo se “desliza”, suave pero firmemente, desde el amor como sustantivo abstracto hacia el amar como verbo. Este paso que se advierte implica tres consecuencias: una necesaria conversión, una dupla de acciones específicas y unas conjugaciones entendidas como cambios en la trayectoria vital de un sujeto.
Filhos das fronteiras: revisão de literatura sobre imigração involuntária, infância e saúde mental
Authors: Braga Bezerra Cecília , Martins Borges Lucienne , Pereira Cunha Maiara
Published: November 2019

Na atualidade há um expressivo contingente de refugiados que deixam suas casas devido a conflitos –guerras, perseguições e violações dos direitos humanos– em busca de novas oportunidades. O Brasil tem se tornado um dos destinos destas pessoas, inclusive recebendo crianças refugiadas. Este estudo objetiva revisar a literatura científica disponível em bases de dados eletrônicas nos últimos treze anos a respeito dos impactos psicológicos da imigração involuntária em crianças. A pesquisa foi realizada em cinco bases de dados (BVS-PSI, Periódicos Capes, Francis, Redalyc e PsycARTICLES), a partir da interseção dos descritores “immigration”, “children” e “mental health”. Selecionou-se 48 artigos para análise, sendo constatada a ausência de publicações nacionais. Os conteúdos abordados nos trabalhos foram agrupados constituindo três categorias, a saber: 1) desafios enfrentados pelas crianças ao chegar ao país de acolhimento, 2) impactos psicológicos do processo migratório forçado na infância e 3) propostas de intervenção na saúde mental dos pequenos refugiados. A partir das informações obtidas, enfatiza-se a elaboração de políticas públicas no contexto brasileiro, sobretudo direcionadas a Atenção Básica com vistas a considerar as singularidades da criança refugiada no seu acolhimento.
Salud mental de la niñez: significados y abordajes de profesionales en Medellín, Colombia
Authors: Castaño Sergio Andrés , Betancur Betancur Catalina
Published: November 2019

La ley 1616 de 2013 en Colombia busca garantizar el derecho a la salud mental, principalmente a niños, niñas y adolescentes; y se sustenta en una concepción de salud mental que integra diferentes disciplinas. Objetivo: explorar los significados de salud mental de la niñez y alternativas de abordaje que tienen algunos profesionales vinculados a la atención de niños y niñas en la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia. Metodología: investigación cualitativa en la que participaron 16 profesionales. Se llevaron a cabo entrevistas semiestructuradas y un grupo focal. La información fue transcrita y procesada mediante el programa Atlas.ti, siguiendo las orientaciones metodológicas de la teoría fundamentada para el análisis de información. Resultados: los significados de salud mental de la niñez de los profesionales entrevistados se han construido a partir de su formación académica, sin embargo, el rol que ejercen se encuentra delimitado por condiciones institucionales, políticas, económicas y sociales. Coexisten discursos biomédicos, socioeconómicos y de derechos sobre la salud mental de los niños. Discusión: existen barreras para la atención integral e integrada de la salud mental de los niños y niñas, tales como la falta de articulación institucional, las condiciones de vida precarias de la población vulnerable y las limitaciones del sistema de salud. Se considera necesario avanzar en la construcción de un concepto de salud mental adecuado a las características y contextos de desarrollo de la niñez.
Dominant decomposition pathways in pit latrines: a commentary
Authors: Bourgault Catherine , Shaw Kelsey , Dorea Caetano C.
Published: November 2019

In a recent article an assessment of decomposition within pit latrines measured with regard to chemical oxygen demand (COD) reductions was reported on. Some fundamental concerns were raised with regard to a key assumption of the study. The alternative perspective that is presented here does not support the study's conclusion that anaerobic processes are the dominant decomposition pathway in pit latrines. Furthermore, it is argued that their analysis and some implications of their data interpretation can be viewed in a different manner.
Imagens poéticas em Lampejos de Leonilda Hilgenberg Justus
Authors: Kroin Vanderlei
Published: November 2019

A poesia se originou com o mito nos tempos primordiais e por isso remetia mais intimamente ao sagrado. Com o passar do tempo, desgarrou-se em partes dessa relação compulsivamente orgânica que unia homens, deuses e natureza, mas não perdeu a essência que a põe em relação íntima com o mítico e o mágico. Na atualidade, o poético ainda mantém uma linguagem itinerante, que põe o homem em diálogo com o mundo. Nessa perspectiva, o propósito deste trabalho é trazer algumas considerações acerca de imagens poéticas presentes na obra Lampejos, da escritora Leonilda Hilgenberg Justus, tentando mostrar algumas dessas imagens construídas linguisticamente no gênero haicai. Para tal propósito, o estudo se pauta nas considerações acerca da poesia e do imaginário, contemplando estudos de autores como Octavio Paz, Gaston Bachelard, Gilbert Durand, entre outros. Como resultado, os lampejos vicejantes de Hilgenberg Justus mostram o estabelecimento da relação simbólica do homem com o mundo por meio da linguagem poética, que é uma potência do imaginário humano.
Mimarlık ve Sanat İşbirliği: Brüksel EXPO’58 Türkiye Pavyonu
Authors: Kan Ülkü Gözde
Published: November 2019

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’deki en başarılı
sanat ve mimarlık sentezi örneklerinden biri olarak yorumlanan Expo’58’deki
Türkiye Pavyonu’ndaki Sanat ve Mimarlık arasındaki işbirliğini değerlendirmeyi
amaçlamaktadır. Le Corbusier'in vurguladığı gibi ‘Mimarlık ve plastik sanatlar
fikri’ yan yana gelen iki şey değildir; onlar Gesamkunstwerk ve ayrıca
Uluslararası Modern Mimari Kongreleri tarafından da tutarlı ve sağlam bir bütün
olarak kabul edilir. Sanat ve mimarlık işbirliği, Türk mimarisinin uluslararası
arenada aktif olarak konumlandırılmasını teşvik etmiş ve hatta dolaylı olarak
bu alana katkılarını ve üretimlerini üstlenmiştir. 1950’de
Türkiye’de, büyük sanatların sentezi ve “Mimarlık ve plastik sanatların bir
araya gelmesi” ile ilgili olan Gesamtkunstwerk (Bütünleşik Sanat Eseri) fikri
ele alınırken, bazı Türk mimarlar bu eğilimden etkilenmiş ve sanat-mimarlık
sentezini elde etmek için pek çok plastik sanatçıının, kendi tasarımlarına
katılımını sağlamaya çalışmıştır. Brüksel
Expo’58 Pavyonu; Bedri Rahmi Eyüboğlu, Sabri Berkel, İlhan Koman, Selçuk Milar,
Füreya Koral gibi heykeltraşlar ve ressamların işbirliğiyle
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Muhlis Türkmen, Utarit İzgi, Hamdi Şensoy, İlhan Türegün
gibi, modernist mimarlar da teknoloji ve sanatsal yaratıcılık kesitindeki
güncel temalarla ilgilenmişlerdir. ‘Sanatların Sentezi’ fikrini yayma konusuna
odaklanmışladır.Bu anlayışla birlikte, çalışma sadece
sanatın mimarlığa olan hayati bağlılığını vurgulamakla kalmaz, Expo’ 58 Türk
Pavyonu, bu bütünlük içinde önde gelen özellikleri ortaya koyar, ancak daha da
önemlisi dönemin öne çıkan figürlerini tanımlar. Çalışma, Sanatlar sentezi fikrinin Pavyon
mimarisinde yorumlanması için gösterilen bilinçli çabayı irdelemektedir.
Prenatal Stress and Maternal Immune Dysregulation in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Potential Points for Intervention
Authors: Beversdorf David Q. , Stevens Hanna E. , Margolis Kara Gross , Van de Water Judy
Published: November 2019

Background:

Genetics is a major etiological contributor to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Environmental
factors, however, also appear to contribute. ASD pathophysiology due to gene x environment is also beginning
to be explored. One reason to focus on environmental factors is that they may allow opportunities for
intervention or prevention.

Methods And Results:

Herein, we review two such factors that have been associated with a significant proportion
of ASD risk, prenatal stress exposure and maternal immune dysregulation. Maternal stress susceptibility appears
to interact with prenatal stress exposure to affect offspring neurodevelopment. We also explore how maternal
stress may interact with the microbiome in the neurodevelopmental setting. Additionally, understanding of the
impact of maternal immune dysfunction on ASD has recently been advanced by recognition of specific fetal brain
proteins targeted by maternal autoantibodies, and identification of unique mid-gestational maternal immune profiles.
This might also be interrelated with maternal stress exposure. Animal models have been developed to explore
pathophysiology targeting each of these factors.

Conclusions:

We are beginning to understand the behavioral, pharmacopathological, and epigenetic effects related
to these interactions, and we are beginning to explore potential mitigating factors. Continued growth in understanding
of these mechanisms may ultimately allow for the identification of multiple potential targets for prevention
or intervention for this subset of environmental-associated ASD cases.
SEMANTIC NETWORK OF THE WORD ASSOCIATION IN THE FIELD OF LAW
Authors: Prihatini Arti
Published: November 2019

Word association can be utilized for identifying semantic network and describing point of view and prior knowledge of someone. This study aims to discuss two focuses, (1) the categorization of response word and (2) language factors that form semantic networks from the response words of word association in the field of law. This research uses a qualitative approach which is a type of descriptive case study research. Data collection held by using a word association questionaire. Based on the word categorization, the results showed that the stimulus words in the form of nouns were the most responded by nouns, verbs were the most responded by nouns, while the adjectives were responded more by an adjectives. Overall, responses in the form of nouns are 64.71%, verbs are 17.70%, adjectives are 17.58%. The responses in the form of nouns are related to the semantic relations of argument and predication, while the adjective response tends to be related to other adjectives in the unity of the semantic network. The response words form semantic network based on language factors, namely (1) lexical factors that consist of meaning relationship, connotation of meaning, concreteness and abstractness and (2) grammatical factors that consist of syntagmatic-paradigmatic and predication-argument relationship. Keywords: semantic network, word association, mental lexicon
Деформация и разрушение корундовой керамики с многоуровневой поровой структурой
Authors: Григорьев М.В. , Бурлаченко А.Г. , Буякова С.П. , Кульков С.Н.
Published: November 2019

It has been studied the behavior under compression tests of alumina ceramics with multilevel pore structure. The porosity approximately was 50% and included pores of three types - large pores with an average size of 120 µm, small porosity with an average size of 2 µm and extended pore channels about 150 µm length formed as a result of zonal shrinkage during sintering. It was shown that during loading of material with this multilevel pore structure there are arising micro-damages in whole sample and as result in a lowering a scale level of fracture from macro- to meso- and microlevel. Residual strain is appears even at a very low stresses smaller 30% of material strength only due to movements of separate blocks formed after sintering.
Адаптация золь-гель технологии наноструктурированного оксида цинка для целей гибкой электроники
Authors: Аверин И.А. , Пронин И.А. , Якушова Н.Д. , Карманов А.А. , Алимова Е.А. , Игошина С.Е. , Мошников В.А. , Теруков Е.И.
Published: November 2019

Abstract The possibility of replacing classical sol-gel operation methods of high-temperature annealing by photo-annealing using ultraviolet-range radiation has been analyzed. A technique for synthesizing hierarchically organized zinc oxide films using sol-gel technology based on the parallel combination of low-temperature treatment and UV photo-annealing is proposed. Spectroscopic studies of the qualitative composition of the film-forming sol and nanomaterials based on it, obtained on various types of substrates, have been carried out before and after initiation of photochemical reactions.
Высокоэффективный гиротрон с многоступенчатой рекуперацией остаточной энергии электронов
Authors: Лукша О.И. , Трофимов П.А.
Published: November 2019

The results of combined simulation of physical processes in a medium power gyrotron of 4-mm wavelength range are presented. The methods of improving the quality of helical electron beam and the electron efficiency of the gyrotron, based on the optimization of electric field distribution in the near-cathode region, are realized. The design of the collector with 4-stage recovery of residual beam energy, based on the method of spatial separation of electrons in crossed azimuthal magnetic and axial electric fields, was developed. The value of total efficiency of the gyrotron equal to 71.8 % was achieved by improving the quality of the electron beam and by efficient energy recovery in the collector region.
Изучение низкоэнергетических процессов в полиметилметакрилате и его короткоцепочечных олигомерах методом терагерцовой ИК и рамановской спектроскопии
Authors: Рыжов В.А.
Published: November 2019

Based on the data of low-frequency (terahertz) IR and Raman spectroscopy, it was found that low-energy vibrational excitations in PMMA and its oligomers with polymerization degrees n = 2, 7, 9, and 50 are due to small-angle correlated torsion-vibrational dynamics, which prepares the relaxation mobility of macromolecules. The minimum size of the chain segment ("torsion-vibrational segment"), the spectrum of which is identical to the spectrum of a high molecular weight polymer, is determined.
Точные решения для локальных параметров поляризационных мод в намотанных на катушку spun-световодах с сильным невозмущенным линейным двулучепреломлением. I. Нерезонансная линейная трансформация
Authors: Малыкин Г.Б. , Позднякова В.И.
Published: November 2019

The propagation of monochromatic radiation is considered in coiled spun-light guides. It is shown that the local parameters of the elliptic polarization modes, the elliptical birefringence and the angle of ellipticity, are the sum of the constant and variable components. The latter varying in accordance with the harmonic law of the fiber length and the magnitudes of the constant components are substantially larger than the amplitudes of the variable components. It is also shown that the dependence of the local azimuth of the ellipse major axis of eigenpolarization modes increases almost linearly.
Analysis of Secure Apps for Daily Clinical Use by German Orthopedic Surgeons: Searching for the "Needle in a Haystack" (Preprint)
Authors: Dittrich Florian , Beck Sascha , Harren Anna Katharina , Reinecke Felix , Serong Sebastian , Jung Jochen , Back David Alexander , Wolf Milan , Landgraeber Stefan
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND

It is undeniable that appropriate smartphone apps offer enormous opportunities for dealing with future challenges in orthopedic surgery and public health, in general. However, it is still unclear how the apps currently available in the two major app stores can be used in daily clinical routine by German orthopedic surgeons.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to gain evidence regarding the quantity and quality of apps available in the two major app stores and their suitability for use by orthopedic surgeons in Germany.

METHODS

We conducted a systematic, keyword-based app store screening to obtain evidence concerning the quantity and quality of commercially available apps. Apps that met the inclusion criteria were evaluated using the app synopsis–checklist for users and the German Mobile App Rating Scale for secure use, trustworthiness, and quality.

RESULTS

The investigation revealed serious shortcomings regarding legal and medical aspects. Furthermore, most apps turned out to be useless and unsuitable for the clinical field of application (4242/4249, 99.84%). Finally, 7 trustworthy and high-quality apps (7/4249, 0.16%) offering secure usage in the daily clinical routine of orthopedists were identified. These apps mainly focused on education (5/7). None of them were CE (Conformité Européenne) certified. Moreover, there are no studies providing evidence that these apps have any positive use whatsoever.

CONCLUSIONS

The data obtained in our study suggest that the number of trustworthy and high-quality apps on offer is extremely low. Nowadays, finding appropriate apps in the fast-moving, complex, dynamic, and rudimentarily controlled app stores is most challenging. Promising approaches, for example, systematic app store screenings, app-rating developments, reviews or app libraries, and the creation of consistent standards have been established. However, further efforts are necessary to ensure that these innovative mobile health apps not only provide the correct information but are also safe to use in daily clinical practice.
Choosing Wisely in the Era of Artificial Intelligence (Preprint)
Authors: Mehta Nishila , Born Karen , Huynh Tai , Fine Benjamin
Published: November 2019

UNSTRUCTURED

Choosing Wisely campaigns have spread to more than 20 countries worldwide. Choosing Wisely is a clinician-led effort to produce clinician recommendations and patient resources around overused tests, procedures and medications. The digitization of medical records and workflows and growth in computing power has enabled artificial intelligence (AI) to be applied to augment health care decision-making. Overuse is an important problem for AI-enabled technologies to address. This commentary offers a roadmap of opportunities for AI-augmented efforts to reduce overuse which are presented according to a patient’s journey of care, beginning from when patients experience symptoms through clinical decision making and subsequent evaluation efforts. This roadmap can be used to guide the cross-discipline development and implementation of AI-enabled tools to reduce overuse and drive value.
JANUS KINASE ENZYME (JAK) INHIBITORS AND RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Authors: ASKARI AYMAN , NOURI ABDULLA KHALID , MORRISSEY HANA , BALL PATRICK A.
Published: November 2019

Cytokines play an essential role in normal cell growth and the regulation of immune function. The emergence of Janus Kinase Enzyme inhibitors promises the start of a revolution in the treatment of several chronic diseases. Their efficacy and safety profile have been demonstrated in multiple trials and they have been licensed for the treatment of a number of diseases including RA and PsA. Moreover, the use of highly selective Janus Kinase Enzyme inhibitors is currently being studied aiming to reduce side effects compared with traditional JAKinibs, an example of that would be the recent FDA approved upadacitinib. The Janus Kinase Enzyme inhibitorsmay supplant the classical biologic agents in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, since they exhibitthe advantages of oral administration, simultaneous blockade of multiple cytokines, reversibility and the lack of immunogenicity.
IN SILICO STUDY OF MONOSACCHARIDE COMPOUNDS EFFECT ON B CELL RECEPTORS (BCR) FROM NONI FRUIT (MORINDA CITRIFOLIA)
Authors: ANWAR LA ODE MUHAMMAD , RUMIYATI  , SASMITO EDIATI
Published: November 2019

Objective: Noni fruit has been widely used as a treatment. The content of saccharides in noni can affect the immune system, especially as independent antigens (TI) against B cell receptors (BCR). TI can produce antibodies without being influenced by T cells. Therefore, this study aims to look at the effect of IT on BCR with the in silico method approach.

Methods: Ligands were obtained from Zink Web and macromolecules were obtained from Protein Data Bank with code 2H32. Ligand optimization using VegaZZ software and macromolecules is optimized using UCSF Chimera software. Ligands and macromolecules are docking using MOE software.

Result: The results showed that monosaccharide compounds have an interaction with BCR, which is characterized by a decrease in free energy. The D-Galactose compound has the largest binding affinity of-4.80 kcal/mol.

Conclusion: Monosaccharide compounds are independent antigens (TI) of noni (Morinda citrifolia) that can affect on B cell receptors (BCR), which have identical epitopes.
EVOLVING ROLE OF CAR T-CELL IN CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY
Authors: SULAIMAN AMAL A. , Al-SHAMAA ZAINAB AMER , Al-ASSADI MOHAMMAD EMAD
Published: November 2019

Safety profiles of newly developed anti-cancer therapies is the main goal for efficient treatments to improve survival rates. Therefore, continuous efforts carried out to develop a therapeutic strategy with better outcomes. The concept of immune-oncology, which utilizes and enhances the capacity of human immune system was developed as an eventual opportunity to enhance remissions and limit the relaps of the disease. Later progression of cellular immunetherapies involve the introduction of genetically engineered T cells having chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that embraced an antibody-derived antigen recognition domain connected to an internal T-cell signaling domain, so can recognize their targets with high degree of tumor selectivity. This approach showed vigorous antitumor outcomes and full recovery in end-stage patients suffering from liquid cancers as leukemia and lymphoma. However, still there is a challenge for bringing genetically modified T-cell immunotherapy to many patients with different tumor types including solid tumor. On other hand, studies indicated the potential to broaden T-cell–based therapies and foster for other possible applications beyond oncology as organ transplantation and autoimmunity. Therefore, this review aimed to illustrate the clinical applications, challenges, and approaches for more efficient clinical employment of CAR T cell therapies.
SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES AS ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
Authors: SHINDE VANDANA BABAN , RASKAR MANISH ASHOK
Published: November 2019

Objective: The present study aims to synthesize and biological evaluation of benzimidazole derivatives as antimicrobial agents.

Methods: 2-Methylbenzimidazole react with ethyl-chloroacetate gives N1-Ethylacetate-2-methyl-benzimidazole (1), which on reaction with thiosemicarbazide gives N1-acetylthiosemicarbazide-2-methyl-benzimidazole (2). The compound (2) on dehydrative annulation by mineral acid gives N1-(2’-amino-5’-methylene)-1’,3’,4’-thiadiazole-2-methyl-benzimidazole(3), which on condensation with various aromatic and hetero aromatic aldehydes gives N1-(2-substituted-Benzylidene-imino-5’-methylene)-1’, 3’, 4’-Thiadiazole]-2-methyl-benzimidazole(4a-4l).

Results: The reaction sequence involves microwave-induced preparation of N1-Ethylacetate-2-methyl-benzimidazole (1) from reaction of 2-methylbenzimidazole with ethyl-chloroacetate. Further reaction with thiosemicarbazide gives N1-acetylthiosemicarbazide-2-methyl-benzimidazole (2). The compound (2) on dehydrative annulation by sulfuric acid gives N1-(2’-amino-5’-methylene)-1’,3’,4’-thiadiazole-2-methyl-benzimidazole(3), which on condensation with various aromatic and hetero aromatic aldehydes gives N1-(2-substituted-Benzylidene-imino-5’-methylene)-1’, 3’, 4’-Thiadiazole]-2-methyl-benzimidazole(4a-4l). Which were characterized by IR and 1H NMR spectral data.

Conclusion: All the synthesized compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity by cup plate method. Most of the derivatives showed good antimicrobial activity against Gram-Positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
INDICATIONS OF PRIMARY CAESAREAN SECTIONS AMONG IRAQI WOMEN IN KARBALA CITY DURING 2018
Authors: MOHAMMAD EMAN MAHDI , AL-GHABBAN SAAD IBRAHIM , AL-ALAK MOUSA MOHSIN
Published: November 2019

Objective: To study the different indications of primary caesarean sections for women attending Karbala Maternity Teaching Hospital and Al-kafeel Super Specialty hospital.

Methods: This was cross-sectional study, the sample was 330 women. Over the period from 1st January 2018 to [30]th June 2018. Questionnaire was filled by direct interviews. A pilot study was done; the subjects of the pilot including 20 women with previous PCS, and some modifications were occurred done accordingly. The sample of study was convenient sample including all women for whom PCS was done in the first time, it was 330 women. Then data was entered and analyzed by SPSS program version 22.

Results: The commonest age group in this study was (25-29) year, which represent 32.1%. Majority of the study sample (49.7%) were primigravida. The percentage of indications of Caesarean section include fetal distress 22.1%, prolonged labor18.5%, malpresentation 17.3% and amniotic fluid leakage 16.4%. Emergency CS had 43.6%, and maternal request had 21.5%.

Conclusion: Largest number of participant were primigravidarum which read big and serious problem for women life in future. Most women had taken regular antenatal care. Fetal distress and prolonged labor were the most common indications for caesarean section. Fetal outcome was good that reflect good antenatal care and perinatal care.
(Re)territorializaciones en tiempos de ‘revolución ciudadana’:
Authors: Valladares Pasquel Andrea Carolina , Boelens Rutgerd
Published: November 2019

The modernization program launched by the government of the so called ´Citizen Revolution´ in Ecuador illustrates the new strategies of global capital penetration and intensification towards new frontiers. Notwithstanding its anti-neoliberal discourse, the government project relies on the expansion of the extractive frontier as well on practices of homogenizing and disciplinary inclusion inside of the territories. The policy implementation of ´Millennium Communities’ and ´Millennium Schools´ is analyzed through the concept of governmentality, as a key instrument of spatial and symbolic (re) territorialization. We explore the cases of the indigenous community Cofán Dureno in the Ecuadorian Amazon and the parish Victoria del Portete in the southern highlands. The last section discusses the new responses of local-global alliances to respond to such capitalist expansion in new territories, by means of supporting the enactment of the Rights of Nature in the Ecuadorian Constitution.  This ambiguous instrument brings the multiple meanings of nature underlying territorial conflicts into political discussion. The conclusion presents how Rights of Nature are a product of the interaction among actors of diverse geographical scales and cultural backgrounds. It is precisely in its multi-scalar reach and intercultural interaction where the potential of these rights can be found.
Simultaneously Content Analysis of Sulfadoxine and Pyrimethamine in Tablet Dosage Form by Spectrophotometry Ultraviolet with Dual Wavelenght Method
Authors: Muhammad Andry , Effendy De Lux , Muchlisyam Putra
Published: November 2019

Aim: method development results from this study are expected to be one of the methods that can be applied by the relevant agencies in determining the simultaneous levels of sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine in tablet dosage form. Pyrimethamine - Sulfadoxine (PS) is an anti-malarial drug combination sulfonamide group / sulfone with nature skizontosida diaminopirimidine network, these drugs are very practical because it can be given in a single dose, and however, this combination provides a new challenge for the pharmaceutical industry in connection with the development of new analytical methods in the determination of levels.

Methods: The study was carried out experimentally by spectrophotometric method is the method of multiple wavelengths and then tested for validity based validation parameters, namely linearity, accuracy, precision, LOD and LOQ and intraday and inter day. Then, the method is tested on dosage tablets containing pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine that are on the market.

Results: The results showed that the application of the method of multiple wavelengths at a concentration carried out at λ 284.8 nm and 258.8 nm to pyrimethamine and at λ 274.2 nm and 291.6 nm to sulfadoxine. Research results successfully applied the method

dual wavelength which is successfully applied to determining the concentration of pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine simultaneously in a tablet.
Susceptibility Pattern of Isolated Pathogenic Oral Bacteria to Some Commonly Prescribed Antibiotics in Dental and General Medical Practice
Authors: Oyiborhoro Onoriode , Oshomoh Emmanuel O , Akpojotor Enoh F.
Published: November 2019

The current global rise in the morbidity and mortality rates of infectious diseases is due in part, to the problem of antimicrobial resistance. The global threat of antimicrobial resistance is also partly a consequence of widespread inappropriate prescription and use of antibiotics, sometimes on empirical basis, without any established antimicrobial susceptibility data-based guidelines on such empirical use.  In the present study, we re-examined the susceptibility pattern of organisms isolated from active carious lesions to some commonly prescribed antibiotics and suggest a comprehensive data generation and establishment of guidelines based on a holistic assessment of susceptibility pattern of different organisms to the different classes of antibiotics commonly prescribed in various branches of medicine. For instance, our results revealed significant resistance of cariogenic organisms such as Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus to Amoxicillin, Gentamicin, Tarivid, Chloramphenicol and Sparfloxacin, with good susceptibility to Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Pefloxacin and Streptomycin. These findings suggest that the latter group of antibiotics could function better than Amoxicillin in the prophylactic and empirical management of dental caries and other oral infections prior to obtaining antimicrobial susceptibility test results. 

Keywords: Antimicrobial, Susceptibility, Empirical, Resistance.
Internet and Social Media use among Pharmacists in a state in Nigeria
Authors: Odili Valentine U , Amibor Kingsley Chiedu , Obaseki Angela Omoikhefue
Published: November 2019

Objectives: This study determined the use of internet and social media by pharmacists in Delta State as well as their experiences with the internet and patients.

Method: This was achieved through the use of a 32 item, structured questionnaire, pretested and administered to 100 pharmacists attending the quarterly meeting of Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria in Abraka, Delta State. Use of internet and social media were evaluated by Chi square analysis, using SPSS 20. At 95% confidence interval, a 2-tailed, P- value less than 0.05 was considered significant.

Results:  Of 100 questionnaires administered, 81 were returned, giving a response rate of 81%. Majorities (29.6%) were aged 30-39 years, there were more males (54.3%) than females, one third (39.5%) had been in practice for 1-10 years. Nearly half (48.1%) were in community practice, more than half (56.8%) were practicing in Asaba. Majority (61.7%) used electronic communication for professional services; a quarter (27.2%) used email to communicate with their patients. Whatsapp was 3.5%, text messaging and Face book were 1.2% each. Significant differences were found in their online activities. Reasons for not communicating online included respondents not being computer literate (9.9%), irregular power supply in location (9.9%), lack of time (2.5%).

Conclusion:  Internet use among respondents in the study area was poor, with those practicing in urban capital using the internet most. There is need to encourage greater internet use among pharmacists because of the obvious benefits to patient care.

Keywords: Internet use, pharmacists, social media
Об алгебре и арифметике биномиальных и гауссовых коэффициентов
Authors: Пачев Урусби Мухамедович
Published: November 2019

В работе рассматриваются вопросы, касающиеся алгебраических и арифметических свойств таких комбинаторных чисел как биномиальные, полиномиальные и гауссовы коэффициенты.

Для центральных биномиальных коэффициентов $\binom{2p}{p}$ и $\binom{2p-1}{p-1}$ установлено новое свойство сравнимости по модулю $p^3\cdot\left(2p-1\right)$, не равному степени простого числа, где $p$ и $(2p-1)$ --- простые числа, при этом используется теорема Волстенхолма о том, что при $p \geqslant 5$ эти коэффициенты соответственно сравнимы с числами 2 и 1 по модулю $p^3$.

В части, относящейся к гауссовым коэффициентам $\binom{n}{k}_q$ исследованы алгебраические и арифметические свойства этих чисел. Пользуясь алгебраической интерпретацией гауссовых коэффициентов, установлено, что число $k$-мерных подпространств $n$-мерного векторного пространства над конечным полем из q элементов равно числу $(n-k)$-мерных его подпространств, при этом число $q$ от которого зависит гауссовый коэффициент должно быть степенью простого числа, являющегося характеристикой этого конечного поля.

Получены оценки снизу и сверху для суммы $\sum_{k=0}^{n} \binom{n}{k}_q$ всех гауссовых коэффициентов, достаточно близкие к ее точному значению (формула для точного значения такой суммы пока ещё не установлена), а также асимптотическая формула при $q \to \infty$. В виду отсутствия удобной производящей функции для гауссовых коэффициентов мы пользуемся исходным определением гауссового коэффициента $\binom{n}{k}_q$, при этом считаем, что $q>1$.

При исследовании арифметических свойств делимости и сравнимости гауссовых коэффициентов используется понятие первообразного корня по данному модулю. Получены условия делимости гауссовых коэффициентов $\binom{p}{k}_q$ и $\binom{p^2}{k}_q$ на простое число $p$, а также вычислена сумма всех этих коэффициентов по модулю простого числа $p$.

В заключительной части приводятся некоторые нерешенные задачи теории чисел, связанные с биномиальными и гауссовыми коэффициентами, которые могут представлять интерес для дальнейших исследований.
О полных рациональных тригонометрических суммах и интегралах
Authors: Чубариков Владимир Николаевич
Published: November 2019

Найдены асимптотические формулы при $m\to\infty$ для числа решений системы сравнений вида$$g_s(x_1)+\dots +g_s(x_k)\equiv g_s(x_1)+\dots +g_s(x_k)\pmod{p^m}, 1\leq s\leq n,$$где неизвестные $x_1,\dots ,x_k,y_1,\dots ,y_k$ могут принимать значения из полной системы вычетов по модулю $p^m,$ а степени многочленов $g_1(x),\dots ,g_n(x)$ не превосходят $n.$Указаны такие многочлены $g_1(x),\dots ,g_n(x),$ для которых эти асимптотики справедливы при $2k>0,5n(n+1)+1,$ а при $2k\leq 0,5n(n+1)+1$ данные асимптотики не имеют место.

Кроме того, для многочленов $g_1(x),\dots ,g_n(x)$ с вещественными коэффициентами, причем степени многочленов не превосходят $n,$ найдена асимптотика среднего значения тригонометрических интегралов вида$$\int\limits_0^1e^{2\pi if(x)}, f(x)=\alpha_1g_1(x)+\dots +\alpha_ng_n(x),$$где осреднение ведётся по всем вещественным параметрам $\alpha_1,\dots ,\alpha_n.$ Эта асимптотика справедлива при степени осреднения $2k>0,5n(n+1)+1,$ а при $2k\leq 0,5n(n+1)+1$ она не имеет места.}{Asymptotical formulae as $m\to\infty$ for the number of solutions of the congruence system of a form$$g_s(x_1)+\dots +g_s(x_k)\equiv g_s(x_1)+\dots +g_s(x_k)\pmod{p^m}, 1\leq s\leq n,$$are found, where unknowns $x_1,\dots ,x_k,y_1,\dots ,y_k$ can take on values from the complete system of residues modulo $p^m,$ but degrees of polynomials $g_1(x),\dots ,g_n(x)$ do not exceed $n.$ Such polynomials $g_1(x),\dots ,g_n(x),$ for which these asymptotics hold as $2k>0,5n(n+1)+1,$ but as $2k\leq 0,5n(n+1)+1$ the given asymptotics have no place, were shew.

Besides, for polynomials $g_1(x),\dots ,g_n(x)$ with real coefficients, moreover degrees of poly\-nomials do not exceed $n,$ the asymptotic of a mean value of trigonometrical integrals of the form$$\int\limits_0^1e^{2\pi if(x)}, f(x)=\alpha_1g_1(x)+\dots +\alpha_ng_n(x),$$where the averaging is lead on all real parameters $\alpha_1,\dots ,\alpha_n,$ is found. This asymptotic holds for the power of the averaging $2k>0,5n(n+1)+1,$ but as $2k\leq 0,5n(n+1)+1$ it has no place.
К вопросу о теореме Бредихина и Линника
Authors: Фридландер Джон , Иванец Хенрик
Published: November 2019

Приведем новое доказательство теоремы Б. М. Бредихина, которая была первоначально доказана путем распространения решения Линника через его дисперсионный метод задачи Харди и Литтлвуда.
MULTILETRAMENTOS E MULTIMODALIDADE NA CARTOGRAFIA ESCOLAR PARA O ENSINO DE GEOGRAFIA: CONSIDERAÇÕES GERAIS
Authors: Batista Natália Lampert , Becker Elsbeth Léia Spode , Cassol Roberto
Published: November 2019

Os mapas são uma importante linguagem do ensino de Geografia que na contemporaneidade estão fortemente entrelaçados aos multiletramentos e a multimodalidade no estudo das diferentes temáticas geográficas. Assim, o presente artigo, fez-se um esboço teórico sobre a temática Cartografia Escolar, multimodalidade e multiletramentos voltados ao ensino de Geografia. O texto auxilia professores e pesquisadores da área na compreensão dos conceitos mencionados e em suas possíveis utilizações no ensino dessa disciplina. Concluiu-se que o ensino de Geografia e a Cartografia Escolar vêm sendo desfiados a compreender e a investigar essas novas formas de representar e de entender o mundo que se configuram no contexto contemporâneo. Para isso, as aulas de Geografia devem trabalhar a representação do espaço geográfico de modo articulado com as múltiplas linguagens, tecnologias e mídias emergentes, no contexto ambiental, social, político, econômico e multicultural que integra a vida em sociedade no século XXI.