bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN DALAM MEMAHAMI KOMUNIKASI PEMASARAN PADA MEDIA ONLINE (KONSEP E-COMMERCE) DI GPDI SEJAHTERA JUNREJO BATU MALANG
Authors: Priyowidodo Gatut , D. Sari Yustisia , Inggrit I. Inri
Published: November 2019

Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yang bertemakan pemberdayaan perempuan dalam memahami komunikasi pemasaran pada media online (konsep e-commerce) di GPDI Sejahtera Junrejo Batu Malang adalah dalam rangka perwujudan tanggung jawab pendidik pada masyarakat selaku stakeholder. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah Persekutuan Perempuan di GPDI Sejahtera Batu Malang terbentuk ketrampilan melek informasi, mampu mengelola informasi serta memahami komunikasi pemasaran dalam bentuk shopping online sebagai konsep e-commerce. Sasaran kegiatan ini adalah perempuan gereja yang terwadahi oleh Persekutuan Perempuan (PKP) di GPDI Sejahtera Junrejo Batu Malang sebanyak 30 orang. Metode yang digunakan adalah pelatihan media informasi dan komunikasi pemasaran, serta edukasi terkait e-commerce dalam konsep shopping online. Waktu pelaksanaan kegiatan dalam kurun waktu satu tahun. Indikator  keberhasilan ibu-ibu memiliki pemahaman mengenai komunikasi pemasaran, pemahaman terkait e-commerce serta bisnis shopping online. Adapun output kegiatan ini adalah publikasi/artikel dalam jurnal pengabdian masyarakat.
PERANCANGAN SEKOLAH ALAM DI DESA SILLU, KUPANG
Authors: Wonoseputro Christine , Wijanto Stefanny
Published: November 2019

Dalam meyelesaikan pendidikan Strata 1 sebagai mahasiswa di Program Studi Arsitektur Universitas Kristen Petra mewajibkan mahasiswa untuk mengalami proses belajar dengan metode Service Learning (SL). Semenjak tahun 2010, pengalaman belajar dengan metode ini agaknya telah memberikan sebuah wacana baru bagi setiap mahasiswa Arsitektur Universitas Kristen Petra. Kegiatan ini telah mengetuk kepedulian mahasiswa untuk mengangkat masalah – masalah yang ditemukan di lapangan dan ditindaklanjuti dalam bentuk sebuah gagasan pengembangan desain. Sebuah perancangan sekolah terpadu berbasiskan metode sekolah alam yang digagas oleh mahasiswa tingkat akhir di program studi Arsitektur, digagas sebagai sebuah pengejahwantahan pengalaman belajar  metode SL bersama komunitas nyata di lapangan, yang diharapkan mampu memberikan sumbangsih bagi perkembangan di Desa Sillu. Perancangan Sekolah Alam di Desa Silu ini diharapkan mampu memberikan gagasan akan pengelolaan sumber daya lingkungan baik manusia, alam maupun sumber daya buatan ( bangunan / arsitektur ) itu sendiri sehingga mampu meningkatkan kualitas hidup masyarakat setempat yang masih berada di bawah garis kemiskinan dengan tidak mengesampingkan kearifan lokal yang ada di tengah masyarakat Sillu sendiri
Chemosensory Systems
Authors: Spielman Andrew I , Ozdener Mehmet H , Brand Joseph G
Published: November 2019

Chemosensory systems are highly specialised sensory systems of which taste and smell are prototypical examples. Taste, primarily, but olfaction as well, are screening mechanisms for potentially useful/harmful compounds. The variety of compounds we can detect dictates the diversity of signalling mechanisms. Sweet, bitter, umami and olfaction are mediated through an array of specialised G‐protein‐coupled receptors. Sour and salty taste are ion‐channel mediated. Taste is innate and, at least for sweet and bitter, uses the labelled line principle for central projections. While peripheral taste receptors are fast overturning epithelial cells, olfactory receptor cells are neuronal in origin and thus slower to turn over. This explains the difference in their vulnerability.

Key Concepts

Taste receptor cells are epithelial and turn over fast.

Olfactory receptor cells are neuronal and are prone to damage, a reason taste disorders are rare and olfactory deficiency is frequent
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/article‐abstract/619670
.

Taste receptors in the tongue have a role to detect the taste chemicals, though bitter and sweet taste receptors (chemoreceptors) act as antibacterial sentinels outside the gustatory system throughout the gastrointestinal and respiratory systems.

Olfactory receptor cells are distributed throughout the body as chemoreceptors of volatile compounds.

Taste and smell are screening mechanisms and provide a survival benefit.
Calcium Channel Diversity
Authors: Dolphin Annette C
Published: November 2019

Voltage‐gated calcium channels (VGCCs) open as a result of plasma membrane depolarisation. When open, they allow Ca
2+
ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Different VGCCs can be distinguished both physiologically and pharmacologically in native tissues. There are ten mammalian genes encoding Ca
2+
channel α
1
subunits, and these map well on to the endogenous channels identified by electrophysiological studies. The subunit composition of the channel complexes, and the role of the auxiliary subunits, is also discussed. Information from structure–function studies and from structural biology is able to provide insight into the mechanism of action of these channels, for example regarding gating and ion selectivity. The different channels have widely divergent tissue distributions and their distinctive individual properties allow them to fulfil many and varied functions. There are also several forms of second messenger‐mediated modulation of the different channels, including regulation by G proteins and by Ca
2+
‐calmodulin.

Key Concepts

VGCCs, when open, allow Ca
2+
ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient.

Opening of VGCCs occurs in response to membrane depolarisation sensed by the S4 voltage sensors.

The exquisite selectivity of VGCCs for Ca
2+
is a result of the presence of four glutamate (or aspartate) residues in the selectivity filter of the pore, whose side chains coordinate Ca
2+
.

VGCCs are usually complexes of multiple subunits: α
1
, which comprises the channel itself, associated with auxiliary subunits, α
2
δ and β. A γ subunit is also present in the skeletal muscle channel complex.

There are ten mammalian VGCC α
1
subunits: four Ca
V
1 channels are termed L‐type, three Ca
V
2 channels are termed P/Q, N, and R; and three Ca
V
3 channels are termed T‐type.

The α
2
δ and β auxiliary subunits increase channel trafficking and affect Ca
V
1 and Ca
V
2 channel properties.

The Ca
V
3 T‐type channels do not associate with auxiliary subunits.

Inhibitory modulation of Ca
V
2 channels by G‐protein coupled receptors is mediated by Gβγ subunits which act in a voltage‐dependent manner.
Evolution of Plant Rooting Systems
Authors: Hetherington Alexander J
Published: November 2019

The evolution of rooting systems was essential for the diversification of land plants enabling plants to uptake essential water and nutrients and providing stable anchorage for ever‐larger herbaceous plants and subsequently the advent of trees. To understand how roots evolved, it is essential to combine studies of both fossil and living plants, and by doing this, we can identify three major steps in rooting system evolution. First, during land plant evolution, there was a switch between the primary rooting systems of plants from rhizoid‐based systems developing on the gametophyte stage of the life cycle, to specialised roots that developed on the sporophyte stage. Second, roots evolved independently in the two major lineages of vascular plants, lycophytes and euphyllophytes. Third, root evolution in the lycophyte lineage occurred in a gradual fashion from rhizoid‐based systems, through specialised rooting axes finally to roots.

Key Concepts

The evolution of roots was essential for the evolution of plant life and also made major changes to the Earth system.

Early diverging bryophytes develop a rhizoid‐based rooting system on their free‐living gametophyte stage.

The common ancestor of vascular plants is predicted to develop a rhizoid‐based rooting system on both the sporophyte and gametophyte generation.

Plant roots evolved independently in the lycophytes and euphyllophyte lineage.

Exceptionally well‐preserved fossils from the 407 million‐year‐old Rhynie chert shed light on the stepwise evolution of plant roots in the lycophyte lineages.
Designing High‐Performance LED Phosphors by Controlling the Phase Stability via a Heterovalent Substitution Strategy
Authors: Cheng Chen , Ning Lixin , Ke Xiaoxing , Molokeev Maxim S. , Wang Zelin , Zhou Guojun , Chuang Yu‐Chun , Xia Zhiguo
Published: November 2019

Phosphor‐converted white light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are currently playing key roles in the lighting and display industries and trigger urgent demands for the discovery of “good” phosphors with high quantum efficiency, improved thermal stability, and controllable excitation/emission properties. Herein, a general and efficient heterovalent substitution strategy is demonstrated in K2HfSi3O9:Eu2+achieved by Ln3+(Ln = Gd, Tb, Dy, Tm, Yb, and Lu) doping to optimize luminescence properties, and as an example, the Lu3+substitution leads to improvement of emission intensity and thermal stability, as well as tunable emission color from blue to cyan. The structural stability and Eu2+occupation via Lu3+doping have been revealed by the structural elaboration and density functional theory calculations, respectively. It is shown that heterovalent substitution allows predictive control of site preference of luminescent centers and therefore provides a new method to optimize the solid‐state phosphors for LEDs.
Construction of Fused‐oxa‐[n.2.1] Skeletons by Tandem Intramolecular [3+2] Cycloaddition/O‐H Insertion/Ester Exchange of Cyclopropanes with Diazocarbonyls
Authors: Xia Miao‐Miao , Song Le‐Le , Li Feng‐Xing , Hou Yan‐Ni , Shi Zi‐Fa , Cao Xiao‐Ping
Published: November 2019

A Lewis acid promoted tandem reaction of intramolecular [3+2] cycloaddition/O−H insertion/ester exchange of cyclopropanes with diazocarbonyls is reported to synthesize fused‐oxa‐[n.2.1] skeletons, which tolerates both aryl and alkyl diazocarbonyl substrates. A wide variety of fused‐oxa‐[n.2.1] skeletons were efficiently constructed.

magnified image
Computational Investigation of the Adsorption of Polyalkylene Glycols on Copper Surfaces for Copper Electrodeposition
Authors: Schmidt Ralf , Knaup Jan Michael , von Horsten Hermann Frank
Published: November 2019

Adsorption of polyalkylene glycols such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polypropylene glycol (PPG) at the copper–water interface are studied in terms of simulations. The results are compared to spectroscopic data from available literature and reveal different contributions to the binding mode at the interface. The alignment of the polymers is determined by the interactions to both chloride‐covered copper surfaces and water. Adsorption is accompanied by conformational changes along the backbones of the molecules, which allow the observed alignment. Free energy surfaces of polymer fractions with copper ions reveal the formation of complexes with cuprous ions and support literature‐known experimental data that suggests contribution of such complexes to the adsorption. The detailed understanding of the binding mechanism of polyalkylene glycols to copper surfaces that results from this work is of crucial importance for the development of novel organic additives for electrolytic copper deposition, especially for demanding semiconductor applications.
An “Amyloid‐β Cleaner” for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease by Normalizing Microglial Dysfunction
Authors: Liu Ruiyuan , Yang Jun , Liu Linying , Lu Zhiguo , Shi Zhuyan , Ji Weihong , Shen Jie , Zhang Xin
Published: November 2019

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive and memory loss. The vicious circle between dysfunctional microglia and amyloid‐β (Aβ) is a crucial pathological event and accelerates the progression of AD. Herein, a zwitterionic poly(carboxybetaine) (PCB)‐based nanoparticle (MCPZFS NP) with normalizing the dysfunctional microglia and Aβ recruitment is established for the treatment of AD. Compared with the neural polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐based nanoparticles (MEPZFS NPs), the MCPZFS NPs significantly alleviate the priming of microglia by decreasing the level of proinflammatory mediators and promoting the secretion of BDNF. Most importantly, quite different from PEG, the PCB‐based NPs exhibit the behavior to recruit Aβ into microglia, which significantly enhances the Aβ phagocytosis. Moreover, the Aβ degradation is changed from the conventional lysosomal/autophagy to the proteasomal pathway in the presence of MCPZFS NPs. After the treatment with MCPZFS NPs, the Aβ burden, neuron damages, memory deficits, and neuroinflammation of APPswe/PS1dE9 mice are significantly attenuated in the brain. Therefore, the PCB‐based MCPZFS NPs have great potential to serve as an “Aβ cleaner” and provide a new insight into the therapeutic strategy for AD therapy.
Improving Electrochemical Stability and Low‐Temperature Performance with Water/Acetonitrile Hybrid Electrolytes
Authors: Chen Jiawei , Vatamanu Jenel , Xing Lidan , Borodin Oleg , Chen Huiyang , Guan Xiongcong , Liu Xiang , Xu Kang , Li Weishan
Published: November 2019

Although the “water‐in‐salt” electrolyte has significantly expanded the electrochemical stability window of aqueous electrolytes from 1.23 to 3 V, its inevitable hydrogen evolution under 1.9 V versus Li+/Li prevents the practical use of many energy‐dense anodes. Meanwhile, its liquidus temperature at 17 °C restricts its application below ambient temperatures. An advanced hybrid electrolyte is proposed in this work by introducing acetonitrile (AN) as co‐solvent, which minimizes the presence of interfacial water at the negatively charged electrode surface, and generates a thin and uniform interphase consisting of an organic outer layer based on nitrile (CN) and sulfamide (R‐S‐N‐S) species and an inner layer rich in LiF. Such an interphase significantly suppresses water reduction and expands the electrochemical stability window to an unprecedented width of 4.5 V. Thanks to the low freezing point (−48 °C) and low viscosity of AN, the hybrid electrolyte is highly conductive in a wide temperature range, and enables a LiMn2O4/Li4Ti5O12 full cell at both ambient and sub‐ambient temperatures with excellent cycling stability and rate capability. Meanwhile, such a hybrid electrolyte also inherits the nonflammable nature of aqueous electrolyte. The well‐balanced merits of the developed electrolyte make it suitable for high energy density aqueous batteries.
Fatherhood, egalitarianism, and child health in two small‐scale societies in the Republic of the Congo
Authors: Boyette Adam H. , Lew‐Levy Sheina , Sarma Mallika S. , Valchy Miegakanda , Gettler Lee T.
Published: November 2019

Objectives

The study goals were to (a) characterize the cultural model of fatherhood among the BaYaka, a community of egalitarian foragers in the Republic of the Congo; (b) test if BaYaka fathers' quality in relation to the cultural model predicts their children's energetic status; and (c) compare the variance in BaYaka children's energetic status to that of children of neighboring Bondongo fisher‐farmers, among whom there is less cooperative caregiving, less resource sharing, and greater social inequality.

Methods

We used informal interviews to establish the cultural model of fatherhood, which we used to build a peer ranking task to quantify father quality. Children's energetic status was assessed by measuring height, weight, and triceps skinfold thickness. We then tested for associations between father quality scores derived from the ranking task and children's energetic status using ordinary least squares regression. Equality of variance tests were used to compare BaYaka and Bondongo children's energetic statuses.

Results

The BaYaka described fathers as responsible for acquiring resources and maintaining marital harmony, welcoming others to the community and sharing well with them, and teaching their children about the forest. Agreement on men's quality in these domains was high, but father quality did not significantly predict children's energetic status. BaYaka children had lower variance in energetic status overall compared to Bondongo children.

Conclusions

We suggest that the core BaYaka values and practices that maintain egalitarian social relations and distribution of resources help buffer children's health and well‐being from variation in their fathers' qualities in culturally valued domains.
External skeletal robustness and adiposity in adolescents of low socioeconomic status: A cross‐sectional analysis of body composition
Authors: Lizana Pablo A. , Hormazabal‐Peralta Alonso
Published: November 2019

Objectives

External skeletal robustness has been decreasing in children, potentially due to a lack of physical activity and the increased prevalence of obesity. However, whether socioeconomic status (SES) influences external skeletal robustness in adolescents has not yet been examined.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was performed to examine 370 Chilean adolescents (16.15 ± 1.01 years old) recruited from distinct educational establishments. Body fat percentage (BF%) was evaluated using Ellis' equations for Hispanic children. Obesity was defined as ≥25 BF% in males and ≥ 30 BF% in females. External skeletal robustness was obtained by measuring the humerus biepicondylar width and height (Frame‐Index). SES was obtained through the ESOMAR survey.

Results

Females exhibited significantly greater BF% and lower Frame‐Index values than males (P < .001). Obese adolescents (by BF%) had greater Frame‐Index values than non‐obese adolescents (P < .001). Females of medium‐high SES had significantly lower BF% and Frame‐Index values than females of medium and medium‐low SES. BF% had a positive correlation with Frame‐Index values in all SES groups studied, except in males of medium‐high SES. As SES decreased, the correlation increased in both sexes, but overall, the correlation was greater in females than males.

Conclusions

The results of this investigation suggest that obesity increases external skeletal robustness in adolescents. Additionally, lower SES corresponded to higher BF% and Frame‐Index values. Therefore, modern conditions that influence the prevalence of obesity in adolescence could be affecting bone health in adolescents, primarily in females of medium‐low SES.
Das Bis(ferrocenyl)phosphenium‐Ion im neuen Licht betrachtet
Authors: Olaru Marian , Mischin Alexandra , Malaspina Lorraine A. , Mebs Stefan , Beckmann Jens
Published: November 2019

Das Bis(ferrocenyl)phosphenium‐Ion, [Fc2P]+, wurde von Cowley et al. (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 714–715) als Donor‐freies, divalentes Phosphenium‐Ion beschrieben. Unsere Untersuchung der molekularen und elektronischen Struktur zeigt, dass [Fc2P]+ bedeutende intramolekulare Fe⋅⋅⋅P‐Kontakte aufweist, die hauptsächlich elektrostatischer Natur sind und welche die Lewis‐Azidität reduzieren. Nichtsdestotrotz bildet [Fc2P]+ mit den Lewis‐Basen PPh3 und IPr die Donor‐Akzeptor‐Komplexe [Fc2P(PPh3)]+ und [Fc2P(IPr)]+ (IPr=1,3‐Bis(2,6‐di‐i‐propylphenyl)imidazole‐2‐yliden).
Understanding the Role of Internal Diffusion Barriers in Pt/Beta Zeolite Catalyzed Isomerization of n‐Heptane
Authors: Guo Zhongyuan , Li Xin , Hu Shen , Ye Guanghua , Zhou Xinggui , Coppens Marc‐Olivier
Published: November 2019

Applications of zeolites in catalysis are plagued by strong diffusion resistance, which results from limitations to molecular transport in micropores, across external crystal surfaces, but also across internal interfaces. The first type of diffusion resistance is well understood, the second is receiving increasing attention, while the diffusion barriers at internal interfaces remain largely unclear. We take Pt/Beta catalyzed isomerization of n‐heptane as the model system to explore the role of internal diffusion barriers in zeolite catalysis. The two as‐synthesized Pt/Beta catalysts have an identical Pt loading, similar Beta particle size and acidity, but different internal structures. A Pt/Beta crystal with no observable internal interfaces can be 180 % higher in activity and 22 % higher in selectivity than its counterpart with numerous internal interfaces. This can only be attributed to the strong transport barriers across internal interfaces, as supported by directly comparing the apparent diffusivities of the two Beta samples.
WPU/CB/GO nanocomposites: in situ polymerization preparation, thermal, and anticorrosion performance evaluation
Authors: Hou Liutong , Zhou Ming , Gu Yinhua , Chen Yiping
Published: November 2019

In this paper, composite fillers including graphene oxide and carbon black had been applied to modify pure waterborne polyurethane (WPU) and a new nanocomposite was prepared by in situ polymerization, whose structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy that demonstrated interfacial interactions existing between the filler particles and the hard segments of WPU chains. Meanwhile, thermal properties of prepared nanocomposites were enhanced after adding composite fillers as shown in the results of thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry curves, which could be explained by several factors including strong interface interaction between organic phase and inorganic phase verified by infrared spectra and scanning electron microscopy as well as transmission electron microscopy, good dispersion and barrier effect of the composite fillers, reinforced crosslinking density of the system. Additionally, the contact angle and anticorrosion performance of the nanocomposite films were heightened after adding fillers. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48716.
Promotion of the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of epoxy by low Si3N4 whisker content and its mechanisms
Authors: Liu Xuan , Zhang Dian , Liu Yijun , Liu Jing , Yang Xiaofeng , Gao Yunqin , Ma Aiqiong
Published: November 2019

Si3N4 whisker (Si3N4w) is selected as epoxy filler. The influence of filler content on the bulk density, porosity, bending strength, Young's modulus, critical stress intensity factor, work of failure, morphologies of fracture surface, and thermal conductivity of Si3N4w/epoxy is investigated. The bending strength is 82.63 MPa at a Si3N4w content of 5 vol% and increases to 25.29% more than that of neat epoxy. Compared with that of neat epoxy, the work of failure and thermal conductivity increase by 455% and 34.78% to 18 248.92 J·m−2 and 0.31 W·m−1·K−1, respectively, at a Si3N4w content of 7 vol%. However, Si3N4w/epoxy becomes sensitive to precrack due to a weak CN bond and residual tensile stress at the interface, thereby resulting in the decline of critical stress intensity factor. The coexistence of various energy dissipation mechanisms, namely, steps, craters or depressions, stress whitening, plastic flow, pull out of Si3N4w, and rough fracture surface, is observed in Si3N4w/epoxy. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48721.
Phosphorus‐containing Salen‐Ni metal complexes enhancing the flame retardancy and smoke suppression of epoxy resin composites
Authors: Cui Jinfeng , Zhang Yabin , Wang Lurong , Liu He , Wang Niannian , Yang Baoping , Guo Junhong , Tian Li
Published: November 2019

Two novel Salen‐DPCPs metal complexes (Salen‐DPCP‐1 and Salen‐DPCP‐2), containing both Salen‐Schiff base (Salen), phenyl phosphate structures (DPCP) and nickel component, were prepared to reduce fire hazards of epoxy resin (EP). The results showed that 5 wt % addition of Salen‐DPCP‐1 brought a higher flame‐retardant efficiency to the EP, where the V‐0 rating in UL‐94 burning test and 31.5% of limiting oxygen index (LOI) were achieved. Meanwhile, total heat release, total smoke production, and total CO yield dramatically decreased by 28.1, 23.6, and 21.4%. In addition, these results basically reappeared when Salen‐DPCP‐2 were introduced into EP to obtain Salen‐DPCP‐2/EP composites. Chemical structure and morphology characterization of the carbon residue confirmed that Salen‐DPCPs improved the catalytic charring ability and the noncombustible gas releasing ability by the Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Scanning electron microscopy technology. Therefore, it is an efficient strategy to develop novel Salen composites modified by flame‐retardant groups to improve the fire rating of polymers. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48734.
Insights into population genetics, connectivity and demographic history of the longnosed skate Dipturus oxyrinchus (Linnaeus, 1758) in the western Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Melis Riccardo , Vacca Laura , Bellodi Andrea , Cau Alessandro , Porcu Cristina , Follesa Maria Cristina , Cannas Rita
Published: November 2019

Genetic information is crucial for the conservation of Dipturus oxyrinchus (Linnaeus, 1758), a threatened large skate with declining populations over most of its geographical range. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the genetic structure, connectivity and demographic history of the longnosed skate in Sardinia (western Mediterranean Sea).

Patterns of population structure were assessed in 175 specimens from six sampling sites. Variation in two mitochondrial genes (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and control region) highlighted high genetic diversity and low but significant genetic differentiation among sites, which clustered into three groups corresponding to the north‐west, north‐east and south Sardinian coasts.

The observed genetic structuring could presumably depend on a combination of past geological events, contemporary restrictions to dispersal and biological characteristics of the species (e.g. site‐fidelity, no pelagic larval stage, limited dispersal of juveniles and/or adults).

Demographic analyses showed signs of past population expansion, but substantial current stability of Sardinian populations. From a conservation perspective, these results are encouraging, and indicate that Sardinian populations are still large and stable, and seem not to have suffered negative side‐effects from the ever‐growing fishing pressure in the region.

The occurrence of genetic structuring strongly supported the close monitoring of populations to identify any erosion of their gene pool, and high genetic variability of the Sardinian D. oxyrinchus populations could thus represent priority populations for conservation purposes, providing potential sources for recolonization in cases of local extinctions in other areas of the distribution range of the species.

When the sequences from Sardinia were compared with those available from other areas, the data seem to exclude the possibility that the Atlantic and Mediterranean host totally isolated populations or even different species, as recently suggested. However, additional markers and a larger sampling sites are needed to confirm these findings.
Biopolymer/Glycopolypeptide‐Blended Scaffolds: Synthesis, Characterization and Cellular Interactions
Authors: Dhaware Vinita , Díaz Díaz David , Sen Gupta Sayam
Published: November 2019

Three‐dimensional (3D) scaffolds formed from natural biopolymers gelatin and chitosan that are chemically modified by galactose have shown improved hepatocyte adhesion, spheroid geometry and functions of the hepatocytes. Galactose specifically binds to the hepatocytes via the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) and an increase in galactose density further improves the hepatocyte proliferation and functions. In this work, we aimed to increase the galactose density within the biopolymeric scaffold by physically blending the biopolymers chitosan and gelatin with an amphiphlic β‐galactose polypeptide (PPO‐GP). PPO‐GP, is a di‐block copolymer with PPO and β‐galactose polypeptide, exhibits lower critical solution temperature and is entrapped within the scaffold through hydrophobic interactions. The uniform distribution of PPO‐GP within the scaffold was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. SEM and mechanical testing of the hybrid scaffolds indicated pore size, inter connectivity and compression modulus similar to the scaffolds made from 100 % biopolymer. The presence of the PPO‐GP on the surface of the scaffold was tested monitoring the interaction of an analogous mannose containing PPO‐GP scaffold and the mannose binding lectin Con‐A. In vitro cell culture experiments with HepG2 cells were performed on GLN‐GP and CTS‐GP and their cellular response was compared with GLN and CTS scaffolds for a period of seven days. Within three days of culture the Hep G2 cells formed multicellular spheroids on GLN‐GP and CTS‐GP more efficiently than on the GLN and CTS scaffolds. The multicellular spheroids were also found to infiltrate more in GLN‐GP and CTS‐GP scaffolds and able to maintain their round morphology as observed by live/dead and SEM imaging.
Core‐Shell Structured Layered Lanthanide‐Organic Complexes with Stilbazolium‐type Dye Encapsulation for Multifunctional Performances
Authors: Zhao Li‐Ming , Shen Xia‐Qiang , Liu Qian , Wu Wei , Li Hao‐Hong , Chen Zhi‐Rong , Li Yi
Published: November 2019

Host‐guest encapsulation of functional organic dye into a porous metal‐organic framework can give rise to the development of new functional materials. In this work, by intercalating the stilbazolium‐type dye (DEAST)I (4′‐diethylamino‐N‐methyl stilbazolium) into four lanthanide layered metal‐organic complexes (Ln‐LMOCs), i. e. {[Ln(BTB)(H2O)2]⋅3(DMF)⋅2(H2O)}n (Ln=La (1), Nd (2), Sm (3), Er (4)), four responsive (DEAST)I@Ln‐LMOC composites have been prepared, serving as multifunctional performance platform. The core–shell structures of (DEAST)I@Ln‐LMOC composites have been fully characterized by IR, UV/Vis, PXRD, SEM, TEM, TGA and ESR. Significantly, after intercalation of dyes, the (DEAST)I@Ln‐LMOC composites exhibit enhanced luminescent sensing properties in detecting Fe3+ with much higher water stabilities. The luminescent sensing behavior stems from the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the π‐electron‐rich BTB ligands to the Fe3+, and their higher water stabilities are induced by electrostatic interactions and lower porosity. Specially, the characteristic emissions of Sm3+ will not be affected after the encapsulation guest dyes, which provide a theoretical guide for the modulation of luminescence devices. Finally, better ion conductivities and diminished photocurrents can be achieved after the embedding of the functional organic dye. In all, the formation of (DEAST)I@Ln‐LMOC composites with core–shell structures can be utilized as a multifunctional platform with good stability.
Oral microbial community composition is associated with pancreatic cancer: A case‐control study in Iran
Authors: Vogtmann Emily , Han Yongli , Caporaso J. Gregory , Bokulich Nicholas , Mohamadkhani Ashraf , Moayyedkazemi Alireza , Hua Xing , Kamangar Farin , Wan Yunhu , Suman Shalabh , Zhu Bin , Hutchinson Amy , Dagnall Casey , Jones Kristine , Hicks Belynda , Shi Jianxin , Malekzadeh Reza , Abnet Christian C. , Pourshams Akram
Published: November 2019

Background

Oral microbiota may be related to pancreatic cancer risk because periodontal disease, a condition linked to multiple specific microbes, has been associated with increased risk of pancreatic cancer. We evaluated the association between oral microbiota and pancreatic cancer in Iran.

Methods

A total of 273 pancreatic adenocarcinoma cases and 285 controls recruited from tertiary hospitals and a specialty clinic in Tehran, Iran provided saliva samples and filled out a questionnaire regarding demographics and lifestyle characteristics. DNA was extracted from saliva and the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was PCR amplified and sequenced on the MiSeq. The sequencing data were processed using the DADA2 plugin in QIIME 2 and taxonomy was assigned against the Human Oral Microbiome Database. Logistic regression and MiRKAT models were calculated with adjustment for potential confounders.

Results

No association was observed for alpha diversity with an average of 91.11 (standard deviation [SD] 2.59) sequence variants for cases and 89.42 (SD 2.58) for controls. However, there was evidence for an association between beta diversity and case status. The association between the Bray‐Curtis dissimilarity and pancreatic cancer was particularly strong with a MiRKAT P‐value of .000142 and specific principal coordinate vectors had strong associations with cancer risk. Several specific taxa were also associated with case status after adjustment for multiple comparisons.

Conclusion

The overall microbial community appeared to differ between pancreatic cancer cases and controls. Whether these reflect differences evident before development of pancreatic cancer will need to be evaluated in prospective studies.
Three‐liquid‐phase Spinning Reactor for the Transaminase‐catalyzed Synthesis and Recovery of a Chiral Amine
Authors: Matassa Claudia , Ormerod Dominic , Bornscheuer Uwe T. , Höhne Matthias , Satyawali Yamini
Published: November 2019

A device for the transaminase‐catalysed synthesis combined with continuous recovery of chiral amines was designed. The system enabled the separation of the reaction components in three liquid phases: a reaction phase, an organic solvent phase (where the poorly water soluble ketone substrate was supplied), and an aqueous extraction phase for continuous product recovery. The transaminase‐mediated asymmetric synthesis of (S)‐1‐methyl‐3‐phenylpropylamine was employed as model reaction. Factors influencing the performance of the system, such as reactor geometry, working volumes and operating parameters, were investigated. Specifically, reaction yield and product recovery were enhanced by i) reducing the thickness of the reaction phase, while continuously stirring and ii) reducing the volume of the extraction phase. Under the optimal condition tested, 85 % of the product formed was extracted and a product concentration value of 9 g/L was reached. However, co‐extraction of the unreacted amine donor (17 %) was observed. Advantages and drawbacks of this process compared to existing technologies, as well as possible optimization strategies are discussed.
Ni−Fe (Oxy)hydroxide Modified Graphene Additive Manufactured (3D‐Printed) Electrochemical Platforms as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: dos Santos Pãmyla L. , Rowley‐Neale Samuel J. , Ferrari Alejandro G.‐M. , Bonacin Juliano A. , Banks Craig E.
Published: November 2019

We demonstrate that polylactic acid (PLA)/graphene additive manufactured (3D‐printed) electrodes (Gr/AMEs) electrodeposited with Ni−Fe (oxy)hydroxide can efficiently catalyse the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) depth profiling combined with Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Tip Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (TERS) deduced the composition and depth of the Ni−Fe (oxy)hydroxide layer. The composition of the resulting electrocatalytic surfaces are tailored through altering the concentrations of nickel and iron within the electrodeposited solutions, which give rise to optimised AMEs OER performance (within 0.1 M KOH). The optimal OER performance was observed from a Ni−Fe (oxy)hydroxide with a 10 % content of Fe, which displayed an OER onset potential and overpotential of+1.47 V (vs. RHE) and 519 mV, respectively. These values arecomparable to that of polycrystalline Iridium (+ 1.43 V (vs. RHE) and ca. 413 mV), as well as being significantly less electropositive than a bare/unmodified AME. This work is essential for those designing, fabricating and modulating additive manufactured electrodes.
Molecular Transformation to Pyrroles, Pentafulvenes, and Pyrrolopyridines by [2+2] Cycloaddition of Propargylamines with Tetracyanoethylene
Authors: Shoji Taku , Takagaki Sho , Ariga Yukino , Yamazaki Akari , Takeuchi Mutsumi , Ohta Akira , Sekiguchi Ryuta , Mori Shigeki , Okujima Tetsuo , Ito Shunji
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we describe an efficient and atom‐economical synthesis of highly functionalized pyrroles, pentafulvenes, and pyrrolopyridines by [2+2] cycloaddition–retroelectrocyclization of N‐substituted propargylamines with tetracyanoethylene, followed by the treatment of the resulting tetracyanobutadiene derivatives with silica gel. In this reaction, silica gel plays an important role to promote the intramolecular cyclization to afford the heterocyclic products from the tetracyanobutadiene intermediates. The products were obtained selectively depending on the substituent on the nitrogen atom of the starting propargylamines.
Von Campus Blasensäulen zu Campus Mehrphasenreaktoren
Authors: Grünewald Marcus , Schlüter Michael
Published: November 2019

No abstract.
Mehr als 200 gute Gründe für das Stillen
Authors: Breuer Michael , Weingarten Melanie
Published: November 2019

Muttermilch ist eine beeindruckende „biologische Flüssigkeit“, die sich über Millionen von Jahren zu einer entscheidenden Ernährungs‐ und Immunschutzquelle für Säuglinge entwickelt hat. Die funktionalen humanen Milcholigosaccharide (HMO) der menschlichen Muttermilch sind in Struktur und Zusammensetzung weitaus komplexer als die der Milch vieler anderer Säugetierspezies. Die Forschung nach den Ursachen, warum der Mensch unter Energieeinsatz solch eine Vielfalt an HMO produziert, ist hochaktuell und hat gerade in den letzten zehn Jahren an Bedeutung gewonnen. Moderne Synthesemethoden ermöglichen den Zugang zu einer Vielzahl an HMO – auch, um die Struktur‐Aktivitäts‐Wechselwirkungen aufzuklären. Die industrielle Produktion einzelner HMO wurde bereits entwickelt, Zulassungen für die Zugabe erster HMO in Säuglingsmilchnahrungen wurden erteilt und die ersten Produkte sind auf dem Markt erhältlich. Damit wurde in den letzten zehn Jahren ein wichtiger Schritt gemacht, die Zusammensetzung moderner Säuglingsmilchnahrungen weiter an das natürliche Original anzunähern.

Stillen ist dennoch nach wie vor der Goldstandard für die Babyernährung, denn es gibt mehr als 200 gute (HMO)‐Gründe für das Stillen.
Hypocrellin Derivative‐Loaded Calcium Phosphate Nanorods as NIR Light‐Triggered Phototheranostic Agents with Enhanced Tumor Accumulation for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Wang Hongyi , Jia Qingyan , Liu Weimin , Nan Fuchun , Zheng Xiuli , Ding Ying , Ren Haohui , Wu Jiasheng , Ge Jiechao
Published: November 2019

Dopamine modified hypocrellin B (DAHB) derivative‐loaded calcium phosphate nanorods (DAHB@CaP NRs) were prepared as a novel phototheranostic agent for effective tumor imaging and therapy. DAHB@CaP NRs were obtained through microwave treatment using DAHB, CaCl2, NH3⋅H2O, and H3PO4 as precursors. The DAHB@CaP NRs possessed the following advantages: 1) efficient absorption in the near‐infrared (NIR) region from 650 nm to 800 nm; 2) maximum NIR emission at approximately 735 nm; 3) enhanced cellular uptake efficiency in vitro and in vivo; and 4) efficient inhibition of tumor growth and low biotoxicity. These properties indicate the high capability of DAHB@CaP NRs for NIR fluorescence (FL) imaging‐guided photodynamic therapy of cancer, thus offering promising new prospects for clinical applications.
Benzodioxane‐Benzamides as Antibacterial Agents: Computational and SAR Studies to Evaluate the Influence of the 7‐Substitution in FtsZ Interaction
Authors: Straniero Valentina , Sebastián‐Pérez Victor , Hrast Martina , Zanotto Carlo , Casiraghi Andrea , Suigo Lorenzo , Zdovc Irena , Radaelli Antonia , De Giuli Morghen Carlo , Valoti Ermanno
Published: November 2019

FtsZ is a crucial prokaryotic protein involved in bacterial cell replication. It recently arose as a promising target in the search for antimicrobial agents able to fight antimicrobial resistance. In this work, going on with our structure‐activity relationship (SAR) study, we developed variously 7‐substituted 1,4‐benzodioxane compounds, linked to the 2,6‐difluorobenzamide by a methylenoxy bridge. Compounds exhibit promising antibacterial activities not only against multidrug‐resistantStaphylococcus aureus, but also on mutatedEscherichia colistrains, thus enlarging their spectrum of action toward Gram‐negative bacteria as well. Computational studies elucidated, through a validated FtsZ binding protocol, the structural features of new promising derivatives as FtsZ inhibitors.
The impact of new systemic therapies on survival and time on hormonal treatment in hormone receptor–positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative metastatic breast cancer: A population‐based study in British Columbia from 2003 to 2013
Authors: Le Dan , Speers Caroline , Thompson Leigh , Gondara Lovedeep , Nichol Alan , Lohrisch Caroline
Published: November 2019

Background

The purpose of this study was to determine whether new systemic therapy regimens have resulted in improved survival and increased time on first‐ and second‐line hormonal treatment for patients with hormone receptor (HR)–positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) over time.

Methods

Patients diagnosed with HR‐positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–negative MBC were identified across 3 time cohorts (2003‐2005, 2007‐2009, and 2011‐2013). Data were prospectively collected. Cases with previous, synchronous, or subsequent contralateral breast cancer were excluded. The types of first‐ and second‐line therapies, the times on first‐ and second‐line hormonal treatment, and the median survival times were compared across the cohorts.

Results

Within the time period analyzed, 9 new adjuvant systemic therapies (with or without neoadjuvant therapy) and 2 metastatic systemic therapies were approved at BC Cancer for the treatment of HR‐positive, HER2‐negative MBC. In the 3 time cohorts, 3953 patients diagnosed with MBC were identified. Among the 2432 patients (62%) who had HR‐positive/HER2‐negative disease, 2197 (90%) received at least 1 line of systemic therapy after the diagnosis of MBC, and 80% of these patients (1752 of 2197) received first‐ and/or second‐line hormonal treatment. The median duration on hormonal treatment was 9.0 months for the first line and 6.1 months for the second line. The durations were similar across the time cohorts (range for the first line, 8.9‐9.0 months; range for the second line, 6.0‐6.1 months). The median survival for the entire study population was 2.0 years (95% confidence interval, 1.8‐2.1 years), and there was no significant difference between the cohorts (range, 1.9‐2.0 years).

Conclusions

Even though more adjuvant and metastatic systemic therapies have been approved since 2003, population‐level gains in survival and the time on hormonal treatment for patients with HR‐positive, HER2‐negative MBC have not been made over the course of a decade.
Malignancy risk for solitary and multiple nodules in Hürthle cell–predominant thyroid fine‐needle aspirations: A multi‐institutional study
Authors: Wong Kristine S. , Jo Vickie Y. , Lowe Alarice C. , Faquin William C. , Renshaw Andrew A. , Shah Akeesha A. , Roh Michael H. , Stelow Edward B. , Krane Jeffrey F.
Published: November 2019

Background

Hürthle cell metaplasia is common in hyperplastic nodules, particularly within the setting of lymphocytic thyroiditis (LT). The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology indicates that it is acceptable to classify Hürthle cell–predominant fine‐needle aspiration (HC FNA) specimens as atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) rather than suspicious for a Hürthle cell neoplasm (HUR) within the setting of multiple nodules or known LT. The goal of the current study was to address whether this approach is justified.

Methods

HC FNA specimens were identified and correlated with ultrasound and surgical pathology reports if available. Multinodularity was determined based on findings on macroscopic examination if imaging results were unavailable.

Results

A total of 698 HC FNA specimens were identified, including 576 resected nodules, 455 of which (79%) were benign. The overall risk of malignancy for HUR was 27%, whereas the risk of malignancy for AUS was 10%. The mean size of the benign nodules was 2.1 cm on surgical resection specimens, with multiple nodules noted in 293 cases (64%) and histologic LT noted in 116 cases (25%). The mean size of the malignant nodules was 2.8 cm, with multiple nodules and histologic LT noted in 74 cases (61%) and 22 cases (18%), respectively. The malignancy rate did not differ between solitary or multiple nodules (P = .52) or in the presence or absence of LT (P = .12). However, size did significantly differ between malignant and benign nodules (P < 0.01).

Conclusions

The malignancy rate did not differ significantly in the presence of multiple nodules or LT, although the latter demonstrated a statistical trend. A diagnosis of AUS over HUR based solely on the presence of multinodularity is not warranted.
NI‐RADS for head and neck cancer surveillance imaging: What, why, and how
Authors: Juliano Amy F. , Aiken Ashley H.
Published: November 2019

The Neck Imaging Reporting and Data System (NI‐RADS) was conceived in 2016 with the objective of standardizing assessment and reporting in surveillance imaging for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas and their subsequent management. The goals are to simplify radiology reports while increasing the consistency and accuracy of the interpretation of cancer surveillance imaging; enable better communication among clinicians and between clinicians and patients; facilitate outcomes research; and ultimately improve patient survival, morbidity, and mortality. The objective of the current study was to provide the background as to why and how NI‐RADS was conceived and what it entails in radiology reporting.
Could worry and rumination mediate relationships between self‐compassion and psychological distress in breast cancer survivors?
Authors: Brown Stephen L. , Hughes Maria , Campbell Sophie , Cherry M. Gemma
Published: November 2019

Many breast cancer (BCa) patients experience clinically significant anxiety and depression in survivorship. Self‐compassion offers a bulwark to anxiety and depression in nonclinical, mental health, and some chronic physical health populations. We examined whether self‐compassion predicted lower anxiety and depression symptoms in survivors and whether this might be mediated by lower worry and rumination. The design was a cross‐sectional survey using self‐report measures. Female adult BCa survivors of mixed stages who had finished primary surgical, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy treatments completed self‐compassion subscales and worry, rumination, and anxiety and depression scales. Higher self‐compassion subscale scores were negatively associated with anxiety and depression. Depressive brooding and worry mediated any effects of self‐kindness and mindfulness on depression and anxiety, whereas common humanity directly predicted lower depression scores. Findings are consistent with the view that self‐compassion reduces threat‐related rumination and worry in BCa survivors, consequently reducing anxiety and depression. This may form a basis for prevention and treatment.
Bisulfone‐Functionalized Organic Polymer Photocatalysts for High‐Performance Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Shu Chang , Zhao Yongbo , Zhang Chong , Gao Xiaomin , Ma Wenyan , Ren Shi‐Bin , Wang Feng , Chen Yu , Zeng Jing Hui , Jiang Jia‐Xing
Published: November 2019

Conjugated polymers show great potential in the application of photocatalysis, particularly for the photoreduction reaction of water to generate hydrogen. Molecular structure design is a key part for building a high‐performance organic photocatalyst. Herein, two bisulfone‐containing conjugated polymer photocatalysts were constructed with 1D or 3D polymer structures, and the effect of polymer geometry on photocatalytic activity was studied. It was found that the linear polymer PySEO‐1 exhibited increased photocatalytic performance compared with the 3D polymer network PySEO‐2 because the enhanced coplanarity of the polymeric chain in PySEO‐1 promoted the photogenerated charge‐carrier transmission along the 1D main chain. As a result, an attractive hydrogen generation rate of 9477 μmol h−1 g−1 was obtained with PySEO‐1 under broadband light irradiation. PySEO‐1 also exhibited a high external quantum efficiency of 4.1 % at an incident light wavelength of 400 nm, demonstrating that the bisulfone‐containing polymers are attractive as organic photocatalysts for hydrogen production.