bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact Evaluation of the Kenya Frontline Field Epidemiology Training Program
Authors: Roka Zeinab Gura , Githuku Jane , Obonyo Mark , Kanyina Evalyne , Oyugi Elvis Omondi , Boru Waqo Gufu , RANSOM JAMES Anthony
Published: January 2020

Background In 2014, Kenya’s field epidemiology and laboratory training program (FELTP) initiated a 3-month-long field-based frontline training (FETP-F) for local public health workers.Methods Between February and April 2017, FELTP conducted a mixed-methods evaluation to examine outcomes achieved among 2014 and 2015 graduates of the trainings. Data quality assessment (DQA) and data consistency assessment (DCA) scores, on-time-reporting (OTR) percentages, and ratings of the training experience were the quantitative measures tracked from baseline and then at 6-month intervals up to 18 months post-completion of the training. The qualitative component consisted of semi-structured face-to-face interviews and observations. Quantitative data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Qualitative data were transcribed and analyzed to identify key themes and dimensions.Results One hundred and three graduates were included. For the qualitative component, we reached saturation after 19 onsite interviews and observation exercises. ANOVA showed that the trainings had small but significant impacts on mean DQA and OTR scores. Results showed an insignificant increase in mean DCA scores. Qualitative analyses showed that 68% of respondents acquired new skills, 83% applied those skills to their day-to-day work, and 91% improved work methods.Conclusion The findings show that FETP-F is effective in improving work methods, facilitating behavior change, and improving key public health competencies.
Anxiety and Depression in Patients Who Undergo a Cerebrovascular Procedure
Authors: Lombardo Lauren , Shaw Richard , Sayles Kathleen , Altschul Dorothea
Published: January 2020

Background: Observe the relationship of anxiety and depression on quality of life outcomes after open and endovascular cerebrovascular procedures. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 349 patients who underwent a procedure for aneurysm, arteriovenous malformation, intraparenchymal hemorrhage, carotid stenosis, acute stroke, and conventional catheter angiogram over three years at a community hospital. We correlated pre-procedural anxiety and depression with Global Physical Health, Global Mental Health, and Modified Rankin Scale scores. We performed univariate and multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses adjusting for past medical history and sociodemographic factors. Results: Anxiety or depression occurred in eighteen percent of patients. Patients with anxiety or depression were more likely to be female (81% vs 60.8%; p=0.002) and younger (54 vs. 59 years old; p=0.025). The groups did not differ in type or urgency of procedure, smoking or history of diabetes, or cardiovascular disease. Patients with anxiety or depression reported lower mental health scores at 30 days (45.1 vs 48.2; p=0.002) post-procedure. In multivariate analyses, anxious or depressed patients had worse mental health scores at 30 days (t=-2.893; p=0.008) than those who did not have a history of anxiety or depression. There was no difference between groups in length of stay, mortality, physical health t-scores, functionality scores, or six month quality of life outcomes. Conclusions: Patients undergoing cerebrovascular procedures who self-reported anxiety or depression showed a significant difference in mental health outcomes at 30 days, but six month mental health and other medical and functional outcomes measures were similar to patients without these diagnoses.
BRAF V600 mutation profiling in primary skin nodular melanoma in Indonesia: an analysis using high resolution pyrosequencing
Authors: Rinonce Hanggoro Tri , Aji Rovi Panji Mustiko , Hayati Ni’mah , Pudjohartono Maria Fransiska , Kameswari Bidari , Anwar Sumadi Lukman , Irianiwati -
Published: January 2020

Objective : We aimed to investigate the prevalence and type of BRAF V600 mutations and the associations with clinicopathological variables in primary skin nodular melanoma cases in Yogyakarta and Central Java, Indonesia using pyrosequencing. Results : BRAF V600 mutations of the V600E type were found in 21 (53.85%) specimens. The variant allele frequencies (VAFs) ranged from 5.07% to 94.70%, averaging 29.05%. However, most cases had low VAFs, with 13 (61.9%) specimens below 20% and 4 (19.05%) below 10%.
Schule und Bildung im Prozess der Globalisierung
Authors: Oelkers Jürgen
Published: January 2020

Der Autor erörtert die Auswirkungen der Globalisierung auf Schulen, Lern- und Lehrarrangements sowie die künftige Rolle der Bildung innerhalb der vernetzten, entgrenzten Lebensräume. Dabei geht er der Frage nach, welche Rolle die Schule als traditionell ortsgebundene Einrichtung hinsichtlich der Vorbereitung auf einen globalem Arbeitsmarkt mit seinen Unsicherheiten einnehmen kann. Zunächst beschreibt er allgemeine Tendenzen der Individualisierung und Flexiblisierung von Arbeitsbedingungen, um Konsequenzen für die Kindheit abzuleiten (Zeit der Eltern als knappes Gut, Kommerzialisierung). In einem zweiten Schritt verdeutlicht er, welche Auswirkungen die neuen Medien Internet und Computer für das Lernen haben (Ungebundenheit hinsichtlich Ort, Zeit, damit verknüpft die Unverlässlichkeit von Quellen). In einem letzten Schritt charakterisiert er die Konsequenzen der Globalisierung für die Bildung und die Schule (internationale Standards in den drei großen Wirtschaftsräumen, Notwendigkeit der Vermittlung von Wissen zur Strukturierung und Bewertung von Informationen).
Word and Image: Intermedial Aspects
Authors: Nöth Winfried
Published: January 2020

The concepts of ‘word’ and ‘image’ are not synonymous with ‘verbal’ and ‘visual communication’ although they are often restricted to these modalities of sign use. Words and images are cross-medially related, and here are many overlaps. By ‘words’ I mean language, verbal texts or discourse, more generally: verbal communication. By ‘images’ I mean pictures and more generally visual communication, not mental images nor verbal images.
Quo vadis Mediendidaktik? Zur theoretischen Fundierung von Mediendidaktik
Authors: Kerres Michael , De Witt Claudia
Published: January 2020

Die mediendidaktische Forschung ist geprägt durch Einzelprojekte, in denen die Möglichkeiten neuer Lernmedien erprobt werden. Zur theoretischen Begründung und Einordnung der Vorhaben werden in der Regel die lerntheoretischen Ansätze des Behaviorismus, Kognitivismus und Konstruktivismus herangezogen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag sollen einige Probleme einer solchen Fundierung von Mediendidaktik diskutiert werden. Die bisherige Theoriebildung in der Mediendidaktik ist durch die Suche nach dem «einen» besten Ansatz des Lernens und Lehrens geprägt. Perspektivisch wären jedoch lerntheoretische und bildungstheoretische Ansätzen stärker zu verknüpfen. Dabei kann der Pragmatismus sensu Dewey als richtungsweisende Grundlage zur theoretischen Fundierung von Mediendidaktik dienen.
High Prevalence Fluke Infection at Four Cattle Farms Located in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
Authors: Khadijah Saad  , Mohammad Faiz M  , Rita Nadarasan  , Mursyidah A K  , Quaza Nizamuddin Hassan
Published: January 2020

A survey was conducted to determine the presence of parasitic worm infection in cattle at four farms located in Kampung Surau Haji Daud, Kampung Kubang Jela, Kampung Gemuruh and Kampung Peradong, Kuala Terengganu. Thirty-three faecal samples and blood samples were obtained from each cattle involved in this survey. Faecal samples were subjected to sedimentation method, modified McMaster method and faecal culture to detect trematode eggs, nematode eggs, and to identify the third stage of larvae. Blood samples were subjected to Packed Cell Volume (PCV) method to determine if the cattle are anaemic, normal or dehydrated. Result indicated that out of 33 cattle examined 17% of the cattle were positive for liver fluke, 67% were positive for stomach fluke and 42% were positive for nematode infection. PCV value indicated that all the cattle examined are not anaemic or dehydrated. The results obtained showed that trematode and nematode infections are common problem in all the four farms. The results were submitted to Department of Veterinary Services to plan further action and treatment.

 

Satu kajian telah dijalankan untuk mengetahui kehadiran cacing parasit pada lembu di empat ladang di Kampung Surau Haji Daud, Kampung Kubang Jela, Kampung Gemuruh dan Kampung Peradong, Kuala Terengganu. Sebanyak 33 sampel tinja dan darah telah diambil daripada lembu yang terlibat dalam kajian ini. Sampel tinja diproses dengan kaedah pemendapan, kaedah McMaster yang telah diubah suai, dan kultur tinja, untuk mengesan telur trematod, nematod dan juga untuk mengenal pasti larva peringkat ketiga. Sampel darah diproses dengan kaedah Packed Cell Volume (PCV) untuk mengetahui sama ada lembu adalah anemik, normal atau mengalami dehidrasi. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa daripada 33 ekor lembu yang diperiksa, 17% daripadanya adalah positif untuk cacing fluk hati, 67% adalah positif untuk cacing fluk perut, dan 42% adalah positif untuk jangkitan nematod. Nilai PCV menunjukkan bahawa tiada lembu yang anemik atau mengalami dehidrasi. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa jangkitan trematod dan nematod adalah masalah yang dihadapi oleh keempat-empat ladang. Keputusan telah dihantar ke Jabatan Perkhidmatan Veterinar untuk rawatan dan tindakan seterusnya.
Entrepreneurial intention of Bangladeshi students: impact of individual and contextual factors
Authors: Uzzal Hossain Md. , Al Asheq Ahmed , M. Arifuzzaman S.
Published: January 2020

This study has investigated the extent to which individual and contextual factors determine the entrepreneurial intention in Bangladesh. Also, this study examined the comparative impact of both individual and contextual factors on entrepreneurial intentions. Sample data (n = 270) have been collected through using a survey questionnaire from a renowned public university of Bangladesh. This study has applied both correlation analysis and hierarchical regression for testing the hypotheses. Total eight hypotheses are tested to examine the influence of seven independent variables on entrepreneurial intentions, in which six factors have been found as significant predictors of entrepreneurial intentions. The correlation analysis revealed that risk-taking, locus of control, self-efficacy, and job autonomy are significantly correlated with entrepreneurial intention at 5% significance level. The regression result indicated that individual factors such as risk-taking, locus of control, self-efficacy, and job autonomy and contextual factors such as social networks and university educational program have positive effect on entrepreneurial intention. The study also found out that individual factors have more influence on entrepreneurial intentions than contextual variables. This paper also offers some implications for academic scholars.
Verification of radioecological models to the instrumental data of the specific activity 131I in a grass in Mazovia and Bohemia after the Chernobyl accident (from “Prague” and “Warsaw” scenarios of the IAEA project EMRAS
Authors: Vlasov Oleg K. , Krajewski Pavel , Zvonova Irina A. , Malatova Irena , Bartuskova Miluse , Schukina Nataliya V. , Chekin Sergey Yu. , Tumanov Konstantin A.
Published: January 2020

The analysis of instrumental data of “Prague” and “Warsaw” scenarios on the dynamics of 131I specific activities in the grass is carried out. Reconstruction of the 131I the specific activities dynamics in the grass in the Mazovia and Bohemia localities is performed in three models: direct calculation the input data of the “Prague” and “Warsaw” scenarios, homogeneous cloud, heterogeneous rain and heterogeneous cloudhomogeneousrain. The actual 137Cs fallout densities in the grass sampling sites in average more than 2.9 times for Prague and 2 times for Warsaw. Effective rain during the main fallout at the grass sampling sites, reconstructed on the model of a homogeneous cloud is 3–4 times more than at the nearest weather stations during this time. A realistic scenario of the input data leading to the optimal agreement of the calculated and instrumental data is revealed. It is shown that direct calculations and the homogeneous cloud model give almost identical results and lead to a significantly better agreement with the instrumental data than the an inhomogeneous cloud model. The calculated and instrumental data show a significant decrease in the 131I specific activity in the grass after the end of the main fallout due to its flushing from the grass surface by strong prolonged rain 13 and 19 days after the accident in Mazovia and 30 and 35 days in Bohemia. Uncertainties in the results of reconstruction of the dynamics of 131I and 137Cs activities in vegetation are estimated. The meangeometric values and standard mean-geometric deviations of the calculation/ 8instrumental data ratios are: 0.8–1.1 and 1.8–1.9 for grass.
Procesos de aprendizaje y modernización productiva en el agro del noroeste de México: Los casos de la agricultura comercial de la Costa de Hermosillo, Sonora y la agricultura orgánica de la zona sur de Baja California Sur
Authors: Villa Rodríguez Abel O. , Bracamonte Sierra Álvaro
Published: January 2020

El proceso de apertura comercial ha propiciado importantes cambios en el agro mexicano; muy notorios en el patrón de cultivos y en el marco institucional que ordena las relaciones de producción y comercialización del campo. La agricultura del noroeste de México, en particular la ubicada en la Costa de Hermosillo en el estado de Sonora y la del sur de Baja California Sur, exhibe evidentes transformaciones. Éstas se enmarcan dentro de la operación de las llamadas “redes globales de producción” (rgp) y en el contexto de un proceso de integración vertical que deriva en intensas interacciones extraterritoriales que propician el escalamiento competitivo. En ese sentido, el aprendizaje y la creación de nuevas habilidades productivas son indispensables para cumplir con los estándares de calidad exigidos en los mercados globalizados. Se compite en el mercado mundial sólo si existen innovaciones en el producto, en las funciones de los actores involucrados en la producción y comercialización agropecuaria y también se compite si se generan innovaciones a nivel del proceso. En las regiones agrícolas referidas es visible el paso hacia unidades de producción más sofisticadas, donde intervienen actores cuya actividad central se localiza en otros territorios. Este estudio analiza el papel de las rgp en la transformación del campo del noroeste de México. En particular, el objetivo es analizar justamente el proceso mediante el cual se modernizó la agricultura de ambas subregiones.
Cambio tecnológico y diferencial salarial en las regiones de México: un análisis de datos de panel para el sector servicios
Authors: Camberos C. Mario , Huesca Reynoso Luis , Castro Lugo David
Published: January 2020

En este trabajo se realiza una aplicación de la hipótesis del cambio tecnológico sesgado para el sector servicio en las regiones de México. Se utilizan los microdatos de los censos económicos 1998, 2003 y 2008. Para probar la hipótesis del cambio tecnológico sesgado, se elaboran índices de diferenciales tecnológico y salarial, como también se acude al análisis de panel para mostrar la consistencia estadística de los resultados. Encontramos que la diferencia salarial mayor en el 2008, se da entre la capital y la región sur, que si bien tendió a reducirse a lo largo del periodo, que era cercana a 5, al final, en el 2008, se redujo a 2.67 entre ambas regiones, en correspondencia con la reducción de la brecha tecnológica, tal vez debido al impacto de la crisis económica.
BOCHKOVOCOPTIDAE, AN UNUSUAL NEW FAMILY OF PSOROPTIDIAN MITES (ACARI: ASTIGMATA) ASSOCIATED WITH OTOMYS DENTI (RODENTIA: MURIDAE) FROM UGANDA
Authors: OConnor Barry M.
Published: January 2020

A new family, Bochkovocoptidae, is proposed for a new genus and species of psoroptidian mite (Astigmata), Bochkovocoptes otomys sp. n., collected from the follicles of the facial vibrissae of Otomys denti (Rodentia: Muridae) from Uganda. The new taxon is characterized by retrorse processes and striated apical membranes on the subcapitular rutella, strong retrorse processes on the segments of the anterior legs, well developed pretarsi on legs I–III and a reduced pretarsus on leg IV. The new taxon is hypothesized to be related to the families Sarcoptidae and Rhyncoptidae.
Role of Prostaglandins in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Gulla Surendra , Lomada Dakshayani , Lade Anusha , Pallu Reddanna , Reddy Madhava C.
Published: January 2020

:

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disorder with chronic inflammation in the
central nervous system, manifested by both physical and cognitive disability. Neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration
are the phenomena that appear in the central nervous system associated with various neurodegenerative
disorders, including MS, Alzheimer’s diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson’s disease. Prostaglandins
are one of the major mediators of inflammation that exhibit an important function in enhancing neuroinflammatory
and neurodegenerative processes. These mediators would help understand the pathophysiology of MS
as the combination of antagonists or agonists of prostaglandins receptors could be beneficial during the treatment
of MS. The present review focuses on the role played by different prostaglandins and the enzymes which produced
them in the etiopathogenesis of MS.
Novel Therapeutics for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Singh Kavita , Yadav Dhananjay , Chauhan Pallavi S. , Mishra Meerambika , Jin Jun-O
Published: January 2020

:

Neurodegenerative diseases are a leading apprehension in underdeveloped and developed countries.
The advancement of medical science is synonymous with an increase in life expectancy, which results in an aging
population. Neurodegenerative diseases in the older population are on the rise globally. This review sums up the
novel therapeutic approaches for Alzheimer’s and Parkinson's disease. Although most neurodegenerative diseases
occur due to the accumulation of misfolded proteins, the mechanisms are not completely understood. Currently,
only prophylactic therapies are available and none are preventive in nature. The World Health Organisation estimates
that neurodegenerative diseases that cause cognitive and motor impairments will be the second most ubiquitous
cause of death in the next decade, hence the need for novel therapeutic targets for these diseases is demanded.
In Alzheimer’s, β-amyloid and tau proteinopathies are prevalent, whereas a prion-like increase of α-
synuclein is the characteristic trait of Parkinson's disease.
Identification and Molecular Docking Studies of Bioactive Principles from Alphonsea madraspatana Bedd. against Uropathogens
Authors: Sahu Amita , Ghosh Goutam , Rath Goutam
Published: January 2020

Aims:

The present study aims to determine the antimicrobial efficacy of Alphonsea
madraspatana leaves extract against selected uropathogens.

Background:

The plant Alphonsea madraspatana is an endangered species, reported to exhibit high
antimicrobial activity due to the presence of phenolic compounds. Prevalence of high UTI infection
and increased cases of bacterial resistance directed for alternative approach to meet the challenge of
drug resistance.

Objective:

Our objective is to determine antimicrobial efficacy of Alphonsea madraspatana leaves extract
against selected uropathogens and subsequent in-silico analysis to predict the underlying mechanism.

Methods:

Phytochemicals extraction from the dried leaves of Alphonsea madraspatana was performed
using solvent gradient technique. All the extracts were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening
using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial activity of the prepared extract was
determined against the selected uropathogens using agar diffusion method. Finally, molecular docking
study of the selected bio-actives was performed against a representative bacterial resistance enzyme
‘‘DNA Gyrase”.

Results:

Methanolic extract exhibits relatively higher antimicrobial activity against the selected strains
with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of
1.56 ± 1 ug/mL and 6.25 ± 2 ug/mL, respectively. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of 3
flavonoids compounds such as Luteolin-7-O-glucoside, Kaempferol-3-O- rotinoside-7-O-rhamnoside
and Genestein-7-O-glucoside. The results of molecular docking shows Luteolin-7-O-glucoside has best
docking scores of −8.5 kcal/mol than other ligand molecules. Experimental simulation in presence of
DNA Gyrase inhibitors showed lowest MIC and MBC value for E. Coli, which was found to be 1.56
±1 ug/mL and 6.25±2 ug/mL respectively, support the docking outcomes.

Conclusion:

Outcomes of this study suggested that the methanolic extract of this plant shows good
anti-microbial potential against resistant uropathogens.
Understanding Sarcopenic Obesity in Terms of Definition and Health Consequences: A Clinical Review
Authors: Nezameddin Raya , Itani Leila , Kreidieh Dima , El Masri Dana , Tannir Hana , El Ghoch Marwan
Published: January 2020

Background and Aim:

Research interests in a new phenotype termed as sarcopenic obesity
(SO), which refers to a decrease in lean body mass and muscle strength associated with an increase in
body fat deposition, have grown. However, neither SO definition nor its impact on health outcomes is
clear. In the current paper, we aim to summarize the available literature on the dilemma surrounding the
definition of SO, and the potential health consequences of this phenomenon on individuals with overweight
and obesity.

Methods:

A literature review using the PubMed/Medline database was conducted and data were summarized
by applying a narrative approach, based on clinical expertise in the interpretation of the available
evidence base in the literature.

Results:

Some definitions that account for body mass (i.e., body weight, body mass index) seem to be
more suitable for screening of SO and revealed as clinically useful. The association between SO and
certain health outcomes has also been investigated, especially those related to obesity; however, little is
known about the association of SO with psychosocial distress and health-related quality of life impairment,
as well as harsh outcomes such as mortality.

Conclusion:

International consensus regarding SO definition is needed, which would allow for a better
understanding of its prevalence. Moreover, future investigations should be conducted in order to determine
whether SO has an adverse effect (i.e., cause-effect relationship, in addition to association) on
health. Once these issues are achieved, confirmed and clarified, evidenced-based protocols of treatment
may become necessary to address the increase in the prevalence of obesity and sarcopenia worldwide.
Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes: Emerging Applications in the Diverse Biomedical Arena
Authors: Singhai Nidhi Jain , Ramteke Suman
Published: January 2020

Background:

In recent times, CNTs have been much explored, and a topic of interest in science and technology and not limited to any specific field. The diverse application area included field emission, energy storage, atomic electronics, nuclear force microscopy, and imaging. In biology, CNTs engaged in developing novel tools for the delivery of biologically important molecules as well as in diverse biomedical arenas. However, despite their promise, studies of the interaction of CNTs with biological systems most often resulted in cytotoxicity at an early stage, and problems relevant to the safety and biological compatibility of CNTs are of greatest importance. The toxic effects of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are required to be either evaded, diminished, or decreased up-to clinical acceptance level. However, rich surface chemistry that CNTs possess can be employed to functionalize them as per the specific biomedical requirements which may be useful to overcome toxicity issues.

Objective:

To explore the recent reports on the functionalized CNTs for a variety of biomedical applications such as biosensing, electrochemical detection of drug, bone tissue engineering, and vitamin detection.

Results:

Most of the cited articles reveal that the functionalization of CNTs may reduce its toxicity and enhance its utilization in different biological applications.

Conclusion:

The review successfully frames to provide novel applications of functionalized CNTs in the biomedical arena including detection of vitamins, bone tissue engineering, electrochemical determination of drugs, and development of biosensors along with a discussion on current patent and clinical trial status of functionalized CNTs.
Expression of B Cell Translocation Gene 1 Protein in Colon Carcinoma and its Clinical Significance
Authors: Zhang Junhe , Dong Weihua
Published: January 2020

Background:

Colon cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors, and B cell Translocation
Gene (BTG)1 is involved in the occurrence and development of colon cancer, however, the
underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear.

Objective:

In this study, we investigated the expression of BTG1 protein in colon cancer, and its association
with clinicopathology and prognosis.

Methods:

The tumor specimens from 59 patients with colon cancer who had undergone radical colectomy
were selected as the observation group. Para-carcinoma tissues from the same patients were selected
as the control group. The expressions of BTG1 mRNA and protein in the specimen of two
groups were analyzed by quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western
blot. According to the immunohistochemical results, the patients were divided into BTG1-negative and
BTG1-positive groups. The postoperative cumulative survival rate in the two groups was analyzed. The
association of the expression of BTG1 protein with the clinicopathological features and postoperative
survival was investigated.

Results:

Compared with the control group, the expression levels of BTG1 mRNA and BTG1 protein
were significantly decreased in the observation group (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed
that there were 12 positive tumor samples and 47 negative samples. The expression of BTG1
was negatively associated with the degree of differentiation and lymphatic metastasis. The cumulative
survival rate of BTG1-positive patients was significantly increased compared with that of BTG1-
negative patients (P < 0.05). Stepwise Cox regression analysis showed that lymphatic metastasis, tumor
size and BTG1 expression level were independent prognostic factors for overall survival in patients
with colon cancer.

Conclusion:

BTG1 protein in colon cancer tissues were expressed at low levels, which was associated
with the clinicopathological features, postoperative recurrence and survival of patients.
Effects of Sulfur Starvation on Growth Rates, Biomass and Lipid Contents in the Green Microalga Scenedesmus obliquus
Authors: Morowvat Mohammad H. , Ghasemi Younes
Published: January 2020

Background::

Scenedesmus obliquus, a green unicellular chlorophycean microalga, is
well-established as a lipid and biomass production platform. The nutrient starvation strategy is
considered as a robust platform for lipid production from different microalgal strains.

Objective:

The study aimed to analyse the influences of sulfur starvation on the growth rates, and
also biomass and lipid production and composition in a naturally isolated strain of S. obliquus.

Methods:

The BG-11 culture medium was utilized for preservation and microalgal growth. To
monitor the cell growth rates, two different methods, including direct cell counting and also dry
cell weight measurement were used. The study was conducted in 28 days composed of two distinct
growth modes as 10 days of sulfur-rich and 18 days of sulfur starved media.

Results:

The studied S. obliquus strain displayed higher lipid and carbohydrate production levels
(34.68% and 34.02%) in sulfur starved medium compared with the sulfur-rich medium (25.84%
and 29.08%). Nevertheless, a noticeable reduction (51.36%) in biomass contents and also in cell
growth rates (63.36%) was observed during sulfur starvation. The investigated strain was composed
of some important fatty acids with potential applications as food, feed and biodiesel.

Conclusion:

The observed results implied the possibility of the sulfur starvation strategy to increase
lipid production in S. obliquus strain. Besides, the available data from recently published
patents reveals the promising potential of the identified lipids from S. obliquus in this study for
bioenergy production and other biotechnological purposes.
Recent Patents on Roll Crushing Mills for Selective Crushing of Coal and Gangue
Authors: Yang Daolong , Wang Yanxiang , Xing Bangsheng , Yu Yanting , Wang Yuntao , Xia Youtao
Published: January 2020

Background:

Gangue is the concomitant product of coal mining. The traditional approach
for gangue treatment is to transport it from underground to ground level to accumulate and form gangue
hills.

Objective:

On the basis of summarizing previous research results, this paper introduces the hydraulic
roller crusher and the electric machine built-in coal gangue roller crusher, which avoids the complex
transmission problems caused by the movement of the central axis when the roller crusher is allowed to
roll.

Methods:

The hydraulic counter-roll crusher directly separates large pieces of coal and underground
gangue such that large pieces of coal gangue do not escape from the well. The electric machine built-in
roller crusher is an explosion-proof electric machine used in the crushing roller.

Results:

Both of these crushers can be used in the selective crushing technology of coal gangue in a
coal mine and can meet the requirements of crushing different material sizes and generally avoid the
centre of the roller crusher.

Conclusion:

Both of these crushers reduce transportation costs, minimise land occupation, prevent
surface subsidence, decrease environmental treatment costs, reduce environmental pollution, and decrease
the transport volume of gangue underground. Various patents have been discussed in this article.
The Level of Epidermal Growth Factor and Its Relationship with Leukocytes and Mast Cells in Experimental Interstitial Cystitis / Painful Bladder Syndrome
Authors: Sholan R. F.
Published: January 2020

Introduction. The causes and mechanisms of interstitial cystitis / painful bladder syndrome (IC / PBS) remain poorly understood. The pathogenesis and the etiology of the disease is still not clearly defined. Of great interest is the role of epidermal growth factor (EGF). Due to the complexity of the pathophysiology of IC / PBS, several animal models are used to better understand the mechanisms of this disease.

Purpose of the study. to determine the level of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its association with leukocytes and mast cells of the bladder tissue in animals with experimental models of interstitial cystitis / painful bladder syndrome.

Materials and methods. IC / PBS modeling was carried out on 29 individuals of white New Zealand female rabbits, which were divided into 4 groups. EGFs were determined in blood and urine by ELISA. Cellular changes in tissues were assessed by histological method.

Results. A high level of EGF in urine was detected in groups 1 and 2, exceeding the intact group by 33.3% (p <0.05) and 34.6% (p <0.05), respectively. In group 1, after 14 days, EGF decreased in blood by 16.2%, in urine - by 35.5% (p <0.05). In group 2, the level of EGF increased in blood (by 61.2%, p <0.01), in urine (by 28.7%). The greatest number of lymphocytes was detected in animals of the group 2 (p <0.001). Mast cells were determined only in groups 1 and 2, and in the latter their number was greater (p <0.001) than in group 1. A strong correlation was found between the value of EGF in the blood and mast cells, as well as between the level of EGF in the urine and eosinophils in group 1. In group 2, there was a direct weak relationship between the concentration of EGF in the urine and the number of lymphocytes and mast cells

Conclusion. A statistically significant increase of EGF in blood and urine was obtained in animals with simulated IC / PBS by introducing urine into the wall of the bladder. This modeling option contributed to the activation of mast cells of the bladder tissue. The association of EGF with mast cells in IC / PBS was revealed. Changes in EGF levels may be associated with IC / PBS.

The study did not have sponsorship. The authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Urinary Tract Drainage Selection in Case of Pyelonephritis in Pregnant Women
Authors: Sinyakova L. A. , Loran O. B. , Kosova I. V. , Kolbasov D. N. , Tsitsaev H. B.
Published: January 2020

The article presents an analysis of the treatment results of 1122 patients with pyelonephritis in pregnancy at different gestational periods (from 6 to 39-40 weeks of pregnancy). The age of the patients was from 16 to 41 years, the average age was 26.15 ± 7 years. The indications and methods of urinary tract drainage in pregnant women were analyzed depending on the causes of urodynamic disturbances (kidney stone disease, decreased urinary tract tone, ureters compression by the uterus, vesico-urethral reflux) pregnancy term; pyelonephritis in pregnancy stage (serous/ purulent). Errors in the patients’ management after purulent pyelonephritis in pregnancy are considered. The expediency of examining and treating patients with risk factors for urinary tract infections during pregnancy were indicated at the stage of preparing a woman for pregnancy. Antegrade draining of the urinary tract is indicated for pregnant women from the 31st pregnancy week (and even shorter periods with a pronounced violation of urodynamics) with the presence of knee-shaped deviation in the ureter`s upper third and with suspected purulent process. Therefore, nephrostomy draining provides a more adequate outflow of urine from the affected kidney and makes it possible to control daily diuresis. It is necessary to conduct active monitoring of pregnant women with the presence of internal ureteral stents and their timely replacement. It is advisable to remove the drainage 3-4 weeks after birth, depending on the causes of the urodynamics` disorders. Symptom build-up dynamics, severity of intoxication, multi-organ lesion, the possibility of antenatal death of the fetus require urgent choice of the method of urinary tract drainage and the early initiation of intensive therapy in patients with suspected purulent process. Antimicrobial therapy should be carried out in accordance with the Russian guidelines on Urinary tract infections.

TThe study did not have sponsorship. The authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Male Accessory Glands Infections: Mechanisms of Influence on Male Fertility
Authors: Vinogradov I. V. , Zhivulko A. R. , Korolev S. V.
Published: January 2020

Male accessory glands infections (MAGI) are considered one of the causes of male infertility. Chronic prostatitis is the most prevalent form of MAGI. Researches that assessed the influence of chronic prostatitis on conventional semen parameters have shown contradictory results, so the debate regarding this issue continues. Conventional semen parameters are imperfect markers of male fertility, as many men remain infertile despite being normozoospermic. The search for reliable predictors of male fertility continues to this day. Oxidative stress is considered one of the main pathogenetic mechanisms of male infertility. Free radical oxidation is the leading cause of spermatozoa DNA damage. Spermatozoa DNA fragmentation caused by oxidative stress was associated with a number of unsuccessful reproductive outcomes. There are several factors that are responsible for making spermatozoa vulnerable to free radical damage including abnormal maturation characterized by insufficient chromatin protamination. Acrosin activity defines the ability of spermatozoa to penetrate the ovum membrane and is therefore an independent marker of spermatozoa fertilizing capacity. Possible mechanisms of chronic prostatitis influence on male fertility and current scientific data regarding its association with novel predictors of male infertility are discussed in this article.

The study did not have sponsorship. The authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Statistical Approaching for Superhydrophobic Coating Preparation using Silica Derived from Geothermal Solid Waste
Authors: Silviana S , Darmawan Adi , Subagio Agus , Dalanta Febio
Published: January 2020

Material quality can be affected by humidity resulting in short durability. Many observations have been conducted to endure the durability of material, such as coating methods. However, recent methods are unaffordable. Therefore, this paper observes efficient and effective method to prepare superhydrophobic silica coatings derived from geothermal waste. The method was conducted by spraying. The objective of this paper is to observe optimum condition by using variables of silica concentration, TMCS (trimethylsilyl chloride) concentration, solvents and materials confirmed by contact angle of material based on statistical analysis. The study consisted of silica treatment for purification and preparation of superhydrophobic silica coatings. The study was carried out in factorial design of 81 experiments with one-time replication through Design Expert software (version 8.0.6). Based on previous research, the experiment was obtained optimum condition at 5.5 %w/v, 13 %v/v, isooctane, zinc coated for silica concentration, TMCS concentration, solvent and material, respectively, releasing contact angle by instrumentation of 180°. By ANOVA analysis, it was also complied the optimum condition of the superhydrophobic coating solution preparation achieved the same condition with experimental data releasing contact angle of 179.69°.
Entre el clientelismo y el reforzamiento de vínculos familiares: el compadrazgo en las familias indígenas del valle de Melipilla (Chile, 1780-1810)
Authors: Armijo Reyes Andrea Margarita
Published: January 2020

Se analizan las relaciones de compadrazgo dentro de la población indígena de los pueblos de indios, que tenían la finalidad de promover estrategias familiares encaminadas a formar clientelismo, movilidad social y alianzas de reciprocidad entre padres y padrinos provenientes de lazos familiares consanguíneos, colaterales y de la comunidad, como también con la élite local del valle de Melipilla. La documentación analizada proviene del registro parroquial de la iglesia San José de Melipilla, documentación notarial y registros judiciales, y nos valemos de aquellos mediante la metodología de las redes sociales para analizar los vínculos interpersonales entre distintos sectores y grupos sociales. Los resultados indican que los vínculos de compadrazgo de los indígenas entre pares sociales y élites locales conducen a la búsqueda de favores económicos, como también reafirmación social.
Ingenieros militares en el río Atrato: cartografía y comercio (1760-1790)
Authors: Peña-Ortega Javier
Published: January 2020

La administración del Nuevo Reino de Granada buscó hacer del Chocó un área eficiente en la producción de minerales preciosos y un centro de intercambio comercial. Los argumentos para lograr tal fin se centraron en el comercio a través del río Atrato. El presente artículo analiza la manera como los ingenieros militares, mediante la cartografía, justificaron la liberación de la navegación comercial del río Atrato en la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII. A este efecto se tendrá en cuenta, principalmente, el plano del curso del río Atrato con la relación análoga que hizo el ingeniero militar Juan Donoso en su contexto de producción.
METODOLOGIAS ATIVAS NO ENSINO DE ALGORITMOS E PROGRAMAÇÃO: UM RELATO DE APLICAÇÃO DA METODOLOGIA PEER INSTRUCTION
Authors: Diemer Mouriac Halen , Bercht Magda , Canto Filho Alberto Bastos do , Schorr Maria Claudete
Published: January 2020

As dificuldades com o aprendizado de algoritmos são uma das razões para os altos índices de desistência nos cursos de computação e informática, motivando a adoção de novas estratégias de ensino. Este artigo apresenta os resultados alcançados com a aplicação da metodologia ativa de aprendizagem Peer Instruction no ensino de algoritmos em turmas de graduação. Foram comparadas as médias históricas dos estudantes expostos a aulas convencionais com a média de quatro turmas de alunos que experienciaram a metodologia. A análise dos resultados foi realizada qualitativamente com o apoio de ferramentas quantitativas. O presente trabalho mostrou resultados positivos, indicando a consecução dos objetivos pedagógicos e evidenciando que o uso da metodologia Peer Instruction corroborou para a melhoria do desempenho dos alunos.
Efectos de un programa de actividad física integral sobre la motricidad gruesa de niños y niñas con diversidad funcional
Authors: Osorio Rivera Verónica Gabriela , Piquer Marc Pallarés , Chiva Bartoll Óscar , Capella Peris Carlos
Published: January 2020

Introducción. Recientemente, en el Ecuador se está sensibilizado sobre la inclusión escolar de niños/as con diversidad funcional. Sin embargo, la ausencia de espacios adecuados y profesionales preparados hace que estos sean remitidos a hospitales o centros de rehabilitación. Además, los beneficios de la terapia física no se limitan al ámbito de la motricidad, ofreciendo igualmente avances en la función cognitiva y el aprendizaje. Así pues, este trabajo muestra una investigación realizada en el área de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación del Hospital Teófilo Dávila (Ecuador). Objetivo. El propósito del estudio es determinar el impacto de un programa de actividad física integral, respecto de la motricidad gruesa de niños/as con diversidad funcional. Materiales y métodos. La investigación acomete un diseño cuasiexperimental con un grupo experimental, tomando medidas pretest y postest. La metodología utilizada es cuantitativa descriptiva, implementando el test Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM 88) y dos encuestas de valoración personal. Resultados. El análisis de datos revela mejoras estadísticamente significativas (p<0,001) en la motricidad gruesa de los niños/as, tanto a nivel global como en cada una de las categorías del test. Igualmente, las encuestas proporcionaron información relevante respecto de la opinión de maestros y padres/tutores. Conclusiones. Los resultados de las pruebas estadísticas no dejan lugar a dudas respecto a la mejora en la motricidad gruesa de los niños/as. Asimismo, las encuestas reflejan un grado de satisfacción muy elevado, además de resaltar beneficios en la función cognitiva y el aprendizaje.
Load-deflection behaviour of hybrid concrete flat slab
Authors: Makki R.F. , Alalikhan A.A. , Al-Katib H.A.A.
Published: January 2020

Due to the important role of high strength concrete in the structural systems, present work focuses on the use of this material as a strengthening technique incorporating with the normal strength concrete in flat slab system. Eight simply supported flat slab models with (1,000 × 1,000 × 120 mm) dimensions are investigated based on three groups including normal strength concrete and high strength concrete. The first group represents models containing of two flat slabs fully with one type of concrete; NSC and HSC as control flat slab. The second and third groups consist of six flat slabs as hybrid flat slabs of two layer of concrete with different thicknesses. Concrete mixture HSC was used in tension zone in three hybrid flat slabs (second group) with three thicknesses (30, 60 and 90 mm), while the remaining three hybrid flat slabs (third group) was used the HSC in compression zone with the same previous thicknesses. The experimental results shown that the ultimate load increased about (19.4%) when HSC was used fully (hH / h = 1) instead of using NSC in the control flat slab (NSC slab). The hybrid flat slabs with use HSC in compression zone showed higher in cracking and ultimate flexural loads compared with those of the hybrid flat slabs with use HSC in tension zone and also were stiffer in load-defl ection curve with the hybrid flat slabs with HSC in tension zone, also the hybrid flat slabs showed an improvement in the cracking load and ultimate flexural load when increasing the thickness of the HSC layer (hH / h) in both tension and compression zone as compared to control flat slab (NSC slab).
Long-term trends in visibility and its characteristics in selected regions of Poland
Authors: ANIOŁ E. , MAJEWSKI G.
Published: January 2020

Air quality in Poland is determined by a large number of factors. The influence of atmospheric air and meteorological conditions on atmospheric visibility in Poland was examined. The article is based on statistical analysis of meteorological elements parameters (air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation amount, wind speed and direction, and atmospheric pressure) and air pollution concentrations (PM10, SO2, NO2) in 2004–2017. Data was provided from three Polish cities, located in the north, central and south Poland. It was shown that PM10 concentration was the most important parameter affecting visibility in all monitoring stations. Air pollutants NO2 and SO2 have a negative effect on visibility, but to a lesser extent than PM10. The influence of meteorological conditions on the effect of the air humidity on the deterioration of the visibility ratio and the stimulating effect of wind speed on the improvement of visibility conditions has been demonstrated.
Study of surface heat inversions characteristics around Baghdad station
Authors: Al-Ghrybawi S.R. , Al-Jiboori M.H.
Published: January 2020

This work presents the surface heat inversions characteristics for Baghdad city. This inversion plays an important role in the study of concentrations of pollutants as well as its effect on spraying insecticides, which starts from a height of 2 m using the daily radiosonde data (midnight) of the period of 2013– –2014 obtained from the Iraqi Meteorological Organization and Seismology. The frequencies average of the heat inversion was studied on a monthly and quarterly basis. It was clear from the study that surface heat inversion shows the highest monthly frequency average in the September; the lowest monthly frequency average in the March; highest seasonal frequency average in the summer and the lowest seasonal frequency average in the spring. As for the relative frequencies of the monthly and seasonal of the surface heat inversion was calculated, it was found that 49% occurs during the summer months also winter record the same relative frequencies of the surface heat inversion in the summer. It was done through this research calculated height of the surface heat inversion the results were heights inversion in winter.
Microplastics in the drinking water of the Riobamba city, Ecuador
Authors: Paredes M. , Castillo T. , Viteri R. , Fuentes G. , Bodero E.
Published: January 2020

The city of Riobamba captures for human consumption groundwater from melting glaciers, from seven wells in the foothills of the Chimborazo volcano. The objective is determine the percentage of existing microplastics in drinking water distribution system. Sixty two samples were collected, analysed with a cellulose filter and Nile red dye. Then observed in a stereoscope, obtaining presence in 12 samples of the 62 analysed. The results of the analysis show that there is a 19% presence of microplastics.
Exact solutions of fractional partial differential equation systems with conformable derivative
Authors: Özkan Ozan , Kurt Ali
Published: January 2020

Main goal of this paper is to have the new exact solutions of some fractional
partial differential equation systems (FPDES) in conformable sense. The
definition of conformable fractional derivative (CFD) is similar to the
limit based definition of known derivative. This derivative obeys both rules
which other popular derivatives do not satisfy such as derivative of the
quotient of two functions, the derivative product of two functions, chain
rule and etc. By using conformable derivative it is seen that the solution
procedure for (PDES) is simpler and more efficient.