bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Waves in a coherent two-dimensional flow
Authors: Ivchenko Nikolay A. , Vergeles Sergey S.
Published: October 2021

A condensate in two-dimensional turbulence confined to a finite domain was predicted by Kraichnan. The most common spatial form of the condensate is a coherent vortex of radius comparable with the domain size, which is statistically steady over times much longer than its turnover time. The vortices were successively studied during the last four decades, and their time-averaged properties were recently and extensively considered in theory and measured in experiments. Here, we consider weak perturbations of the coherent flow in the vortices. Our interest lies in slow perturbations, which implies that they are homogeneous along the streamlines of the coherent flow. We show that such kind of perturbations can be considered as waves of condensate propagating in the radial direction with some dispersion law. In the present work, the dispersion law and the propagation length of the waves are found as a function of the radial position inside a vortex flow. Cases of condensate saturated due to bottom friction and of viscous condensate are different. In the first case, there are waves with low damping. In the second case, all waves are of a similar kind as the shear waves in an unsteady laminar boundary layer.
The role of compound droplet size on transition from jetting to bubble entrapment during its impact on liquid
Authors: Sarker Anik , Boruah Manash Protim , Randive Pitambar R. , Pati Sukumar
Published: October 2021

Inertia has always proven to be a key parameter in controlling regime transitions when simple drops impact a liquid surface. However, the scenario of compound drops impacting a liquid surface has received the least attention, and poses the question of whether any factor besides inertia can act as a switching criterion for regime transition. Through axisymmetric two-dimensional volume-of-fluid based computations of a compound drop falling with a certain velocity in a liquid pool, we demonstrate a non-trivial switching from jetting to large bubble entrapment phenomenon by decreasing the radius ratio of the compound drop, under identical inertial condition. Six different regimes that can be categorized into fundamental regimes of pre-jetting, jetting, transition, and bubble entrapment are mapped on the radius ratio–Weber number plane. Hence, with a suitable combination of radius ratio and impact velocity, the interplay of inertia and buoyancy forces can be exploited to achieve the final outcome of a secondary drop or an entrapped bubble. Our results reveal that the strength of buoyancy force decreases with decrease in the radius ratio of compound drops and, as a result, the intervening physics changes from crater expansion to wave swell retraction and finally to roll jet formation with decrease in radius ratio. These results are further explained in light of capillary wave propagation and vortex formation and may turn out to be of immense consequence in providing insight into the underlying complex physical mechanisms dictating intricate control on compound drop impact events.
Two-dimensional mathematical framework for evaporation dynamics of respiratory droplets
Authors: Majee Sreeparna , Saha Abhishek , Chaudhuri Swetaprovo , Chakravortty Dipshikha , Basu Saptarshi
Published: October 2021

In majority of pandemics in human history, respiratory bio-aerosol is the most common route of transmission of diseases. These tiny droplets ejected through mouth and nose from an infected person during exhalation process like coughing, sneezing, speaking, and breathing consist of pathogens and a complex mixture of volatile and nonvolatile substances. A cloud of droplets ejected in such an event gets transmitted in the air, causing a series of coupled thermo-physical processes. Contemplating an individual airborne droplet in the cloud, boundary layers and wakes develop due to relative motion between the droplet and the ambient air. The complex phenomenon of the droplet's dynamics, such as shear-driven internal circulation of the liquid phase and Stefan flow due to vaporization or condensation, comes into effect. In this study, we present a mathematical description of the coupled subprocesses, including droplet aerodynamics, heat, and mass transfer, which were identified and subsequently solved. The presented two-dimensional model gives a complete analysis encompassing the gas phase coupled with the liquid phase responsible for the airborne droplet kinetics in the ambient environment. The transient inhomogeneity of temperature and concentration distribution in the liquid phase caused due to the convective and diffusive transports are captured in the 2D model. The evaporation time and distance traveled by droplets prior to nuclei or aerosol formation are computed for major geographical locations around the globe for nominal-windy conditions. The model presented can be used for determining the evaporation timescale of any viral or bacterial laden respiratory droplets across any geographical location.
Numerical analysis of the wake of complex-shaped snow particles at moderate Reynolds number
Authors: Tagliavini Giorgia , McCorquodale Mark , Westbrook Chris , Holzner Markus
Published: October 2021

Climate model parametrization relies strongly on the prediction of snow precipitation, which in turn depends upon the snowflakes falling motion in air. The falling attitudes of such particles are elaborate because of the particles' irregular shapes, which produce meandering and turbulent wakes and give rise to convoluted trajectories. This also has an impact on the drag experienced by the particle. Especially for large snow particles falling close to the ground, Stokesian dynamics is not applicable, and the dependency of drag coefficient on Reynolds number becomes non-linear. This trend arises from the complex interaction between snowflakes and the surrounding air. We investigate the wake of complex-shaped snow particles using a validated delayed-detached eddy simulation model of airflow around a fixed snowflake, combined with experimental observations of free-falling, 3D-printed snowflake analogs. This novel approach allows us to analyze the wake topology and decompose its momentum flux to investigate the influence of shape and wake flow on the drag coefficient and its implications on falling attitudes by comparison with experiments. At low Re, the presence of separated vortex rings is connected to particle porosity and produces an increase in the drag coefficient. At moderate flow regimes, the particle flatness impacts the shear layer separation and the momentum loss in the wake, while at high Re the drag coefficient has almost the same value among the tested geometries although the contribution of different momentum flux terms differs. These results represent a further step toward a deeper understanding the drag of complex-shaped particles.
Dynamics of transcatheter heart valves with an in vitro experiment incorporating particle image velocimetry
Authors: Liu Li , Wu Changsong , Liu Wei , Zou Wencai , Zheng Yayun , Wang Chunren , Zhang Yang
Published: October 2021

The malfunctioning heart valve will compromise the cardiovascular circulation of the human body. Given that artificial valves can be used to replace a disabled one, a feasible in vitro evaluation system is important before any possible implantation. In this study, two types of transcatheter heart valves, namely, V-A (diameter: 23 mm) and V-B (diameter: 25 mm), are tested and compared by an in vitro experiment that incorporates a circulation system and a particle image velocimetry measuring module. Three dynamical indices, namely, the time-averaged wall shear stress, oscillatory shear index, and relative residence time, are applied for the evaluation. The results show that compared with V-B, V-A leads to lower probabilities of vessel wall damage and thrombosis formation, especially when the flow rate is close to that of the human body (4 l/min). Meanwhile, an independent analysis, which mainly concerns the mean pressure difference and regurgitation volume across the two ends of the valve, demonstrates that V-A has a better performance than V-B, thus verifying the above-mentioned analysis from the perspective of fluid dynamics. Therefore, the present in vitro measuring system is considered effective in evaluating the valve functionality.
Particle flow through a hydrophobic nanopore: Effect of long-ranged wall–fluid repulsion on transport coefficients
Authors: Kristiansen Kim. R. , Kjelstrup Signe
Published: October 2021

An analytical model for transport of rarefied non-isothermal gas in a cylinder with repulsive wall–gas interaction is developed, solving the stationary, collisionless Boltzmann equation. The results are compared to the well-known results of ordinary Knudsen diffusion, and the effect of the repulsive wall interaction is presented as correction factors to the Knudsen results. Detailed physical interpretations of the correction factors are given, showing how the wall interaction inhibits the particle flow through the cylinder, and how the energy carried per particle is affected, thus changing the flux of heat. It was shown that the flow mobility and the thermal conductivity of the gas are generally smaller in the presence of such interactions and that the heat of transfer can even change sign under certain conditions. By the latter statement, we mean that the heat flux under isothermal conditions, or equivalently, the particle flux driven by a temperature gradient, can switch direction due to the particle–wall repulsion.
Undergraduate integrated science programs foster interdisciplinary and personal connections
Authors: Feder Toni
Published: October 2021

Students and faculty thrive in programs that link the sciences; why aren’t there more of them?
ASM International’s innovative divisions
Authors: van Duijn Jorijn
Published: October 2021

The company’s history under founder Arthur del Prado illustrates the semiconductor industry’s trend toward specialization—and the risks of tying a firm to one charismatic individual.
Single-step genomic evaluation of lambing ease in Australian terminal sire breed sheep
Authors: Li L. , Gurman P. M. , Swan A. A. , Brown D. J.
Published: October 2021

Context Australian sheep breeding values (ASBVs) for the categorical trait of lambing ease are routinely estimated by Sheep Genetics via a threshold model. This has been pedigree-only, and has not utilised genomic information. Aim The present study aimed to update the genetic evaluation model and parameters for lambing ease for terminal sire sheep (dominated by White Suffolk and Poll Dorset breeds). The model includes correlations with birthweight and gestation length. Cross-validation was used to determine the value of the improved models and the inclusion of genomic information. Methods New data-preparation pipelines were developed to accommodate improved data-filtering methods and contemporary group construction. Genetic parameters, including correlations among traits, were estimated using continuous and threshold models, with various combinations of effects in mixed animal models. Cross-validation of breeding values was performed against progeny performance, by using forward prediction. Key results The increased volume of data, improved data preparation steps and enhanced evaluation software now allow a more complex model to be fitted, including maternal, sire by flock-year and genetic group effects, which were significant for all traits, along with the inclusion of multiple sire groups in the pedigree. However, the inclusion of the direct-maternal covariance and sire by flock-year terms resulted in unrealistically inflated estimates of some components, and thus the final covariance matrices required some adjustments. Cross-validation of breeding values was performed against progeny performance using forward prediction. For all traits, the phenotype accuracies and estimated breeding value correlations were higher from the new model without genomics than were those from the current routine evaluation. The benefit from including genomic information based on cross-validation is minimal currently but is expected to improve as the size of the reference population grows. Further work is required to define acceptable data-quality thresholds for the construction of datasets for routine breeding value estimation. Conclusions The new model and parameters resulted in ASBVs with an improved predictive ability, with increased accuracy and reduced bias compared with the current analysis. Furthermore, a small increase in accuracy was observed for all traits from utilising genomic information in the model. Implications The new genetic evaluation procedures and models will be used to update those being applied in the routine Sheep Genetics evaluation system and also support further index development for the terminal sire breeds in Australia.
Essential role of systemic iron mobilization and redistribution for adaptive thermogenesis through HIF2-α/hepcidin axis
Authors: Yook Jin-Seon , You Mikyoung , Kim Jiyoung , Toney Ashley M. , Fan Rong , Puniya Bhanwar Lal , Helikar Tomáš , Vaulont Sophie , Deschemin Jean-Christophe , Okla Meshail , Xie Liwei , Ghosh Manik C. , Rouault Tracey A. , Lee Jaekwon , Chung Soonkyu
Published: September 2021

Significance

Adaptive thermogenesis is a metabolic switch that converts the metabolic status of fat tissue from energy conservation to energy release into heat, thereby significantly attenuating the energy burden of obesity and diabetes. It is well known that increased iron content and subsequent mitochondrial formation are required for thermogenic activation. However, no information is available on how iron is mobilized from storage sites into thermogenic fat. Here, we show that acute hypoxia and stress-erythropoiesis responses facilitate securing iron required for white-to-beige fat conversion. Our study revealed that hepcidin down-regulation is a fundamental mechanism required for beige fat development. It also suggests that systemic iron modulation could be a promising strategy to curb obesity and metabolic complications by augmenting adaptive thermogenesis.
Rigorous derivation of the Whitham equations from the water waves equations in the shallow water regime
Authors: Emerald Louis
Published: October 2021

We derive the Whitham equations from the water waves equations in the shallow water regime using two different methods, thus obtaining a direct and rigorous link between these two models. The first one is based on the construction of approximate Riemann invariants for a Whitham–Boussinesq system and is adapted to unidirectional waves. The second one is based on a generalisation of Birkhoff’s normal form algorithm for almost smooth Hamiltonians and is adapted to bidirectional propagation. In both cases we clarify the improved accuracy on the fully dispersive Whitham model with respect to the long wave Korteweg–de Vries approximation.
Helical liquids in semiconductors
Authors: Hsu Chen-Hsuan , Stano Peter , Klinovaja Jelena , Loss Daniel
Published: October 2021

One-dimensional helical liquids can appear at boundaries of certain condensed matter systems. Two prime examples are the edge of a quantum spin Hall insulator and the hinge of a three-dimensional second-order topological insulator. For these materials, the presence of a helical state at the boundary serves as a signature of their nontrivial electronic bulk topology. Additionally, these boundary states are of interest themselves, as a novel class of strongly correlated low-dimensional systems with interesting potential applications. Here, we review existing results on such helical liquids in semiconductors. Our focus is on the theory, though we confront it with existing experiments. We discuss various aspects of the helical liquids, such as their realization, topological protection and stability, or possible experimental characterization. We lay emphasis on the hallmark of these states, being the prediction of a quantized electrical conductance. Since so far reaching a well-quantized conductance has remained challenging experimentally, a large part of the review is a discussion of various backscattering mechanisms which have been invoked to explain this discrepancy. Finally, we include topics related to proximity-induced topological superconductivity in helical states, as an exciting application toward topological quantum computation with the resulting Majorana bound states.
Solving the problem of logistics planning in the application of biotechnology in the energy sector of the region
Authors: Nefedov D G , Ketova K V , Rusyak I G
Published: October 2021

The article provides a solution to the problem of logistics planning to implement the possibility of using biotechnology in the energy sector. The technology used is the production of biogas from animal wastes. Objects participating in the biogas production process are animal husbandry enterprises that are a source of raw materials, biogas complexes that produce biogas, as well as heat sources where biogas is converted into heat energy. The structure of the optimal location of objects participating in the biogas production process on the territory is built on the example of the Udmurt Republic. An economic criterion for minimizing the cost of biogas production and its delivery to consumers was chosen as an optimization criterion. For the numerical solution of the optimization problem, a genetic algorithm with real coding was implemented, and parallel computations were carried out. The maximum volume of biogas production has been calculated, at which it is economically feasible to replace natural gas with biogas for a given territory. For this volume, the optimal number was determined and the optimal territorial distribution of biogas complexes was constructed, which supply heat sources with fuel, the number of which was also found as a result of solving the optimization problem.
The problem of state support and increasing the investment attractiveness of agriculture
Authors: Nianko V , Purtov V , Yekimov S , Lopatynskyi Y , Nemtsova A
Published: October 2021

Investing in the agricultural sector of the economy largely depends on how quickly the investments made will pay off. Private business, first of all, will invest in the agricultural business in the presence of a low cost and high quality of products. The longer the payback period of the investment, the less likely it is that it will be implemented in practice. Investments are an important source of expanding agricultural production. They enable the agricultural enterprise to carry out technical re-equipment and implement effective environmental and resource-saving technologies. State support for agriculture can consist in the development of transport infrastructure in rural areas, improving the quality of life in rural areas and increasing the labor potential of rural residents. One of the main goals of state support for agriculture is to create favorable conditions for attracting private investors to this industry. Investment activities in agriculture can be focused on improving the fertility of land resources used in agricultural production. The authors consider it expedient to provide the Central Bank with preferential conditions for commercial banks to reduce the cost of loans issued to agricultural enterprises.
Justification of the model for assessing the quality of services in agrotourism
Authors: Vasilieva E A
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the substantiation of the methodology for assessing the quality of services in agrotourism. The main goal is to develop a model that would allow us to take into account all the nuances of assessing the quality of services, taking into account agricultural specifics. In this case, it is difficult to justify ways to improve efficiency, operating solely on economic performance indicators, both absolute and relative: gross income, gross output, net profit, profitability, and others. The presence of both quantitative and qualitative components in this case causes certain difficulties in assessing the efficiency of production. The assessment should include separate components related to the quality side – the service. In this case, it is a component that affects the attraction of additional sources of financing for the main activities of agricultural enterprises. The work is primarily devoted to small businesses – farms as attractive objects from a tourist point of view. In addition, from our point of view, small businesses are able to extract the maximum possible cumulative effect from the combination of basic agricultural activities and the provision of related services. The article presents a methodology for assessing the quality of services based on the SERVQUAL model and adapted for use in the field of agriculture.
Prospects of the use of alternative energy sources in an ecological economy
Authors: Kapinos Roman , Akupiyan Olga , Dobrunova Alina , Dorofeev Andrey
Published: October 2021

The use of alternative energy sources in Russia should be considered as an important factor in the modernization of the productive forces, contributing to the solution of a number of important economic, social and environmental problems. One of these energy sources is biogas, which is used to produce two types of energy simultaneously: heat and electricity. The article substantiates the need for the introduction of biogas technologies, primarily in livestock complexes, and in the agro-industrial complex as a whole, for the processing of agricultural waste and the production of highly effective organic fertilizers. It is possible to use waste-free production technologies not only at large, but also at medium and small enterprises, and above all in eco-farms of various types. On the example of the farm “Lily of the Valley” of the campaign of JSC Green Valley of the Belgorod region, the cost and economic efficiency of a biogas plant for a year were calculated and its payback period was established. Conclusions are drawn that for faster implementation of biogas plants, it is necessary to pay attention to the experience of Western countries in the issues of state support for the development of dairy farming in terms of the use of administrative resources. So, as an example, to oblige the nearest enterprises to buy surplus electricity produced with the help of renewable energy sources at a reduced rate; to give a subsidy for each installation in the amount of 50% of the average cost; at times to increase fines for violating environmental legislation; develop tax incentives for those organizations that will comply with the technology of waste-free production.
Impact of the design and material of the hives on honey production of bees
Authors: Bykov A R , Zaitsev G A
Published: October 2021

The influence of the hive’s design and material on the development and productivity of bee colonies have been studied. Reducing the size of honey cases has positively impacted the bee family’s development. In this case, it is simpler for bees to develop without honey in the nest and regular expansion of the beehive with honey cases. Based on a detailed 3-year analysis of changes in the structure of beehives, we have found the hive’s optimal structure, which makes it possible to maximize the possibilities of bee colonies in the conditions of the Lipetsk region.
The role of state regulation of the agricultural sector of the Ukrainian economy for the development of agriculture
Authors: Nianko V , Yekimov S , Shevchenko B O , Sotnichenko O , Selinnyi M
Published: October 2021

Ukraine has a large amount of land that can be used for the production of agricultural products, but there is a tendency to worsen the standard of living and reduce the level of social security in rural areas. The main directions of state regulation of agriculture in Ukraine, according to the authors, are the introduction and development of various measures aimed at reducing the disparity in prices for industrial and agricultural products, creating conditions for food security for basic types of food, implementing effective land reform, training labor resources for agricultural enterprises, transforming socio-cultural infrastructure in rural areas, creating effective market and transport infrastructure in rural areas, the use of price and customs regulators to effectively support domestic agricultural producers. Ensuring the stable development of the agricultural sector of the economy requires certain efforts focused on the development of the socio-economic sphere of rural areas. The development of rural areas requires conditions for the activation of activities in rural areas that are not related to the production of agricultural products (tourism, electricity production from renewable energy sources, folk crafts), increasing the level of efficiency in using the natural and labor potential of rural areas, improving the quality of medical services for the rural population and improving the functioning of the rural socio-cultural sphere.
The current state of flora in the vicinity of the village of Aigursky
Authors: Volkova V V , Isayenko T N , Grechushkina-Sukhorukova L A , Seliverstova E N , Hrapach V V
Published: October 2021

Monitoring of the species of dry steppe biocenosis on the right bank of the Aygurka River in the Stavropol Territory showed that there are 151 species of herbaceous plants belonging to 112 genera from 32 families, of which 11 are rare species of the regional Red Data Books. The projective cover of the biocenosis was 50-90%, with a plant height of 10-60 cm. In the study area, anthropogenic load (pasture farming, agriculture) led to the impoverishment and destruction of natural zonal steppes. There is a change in the positions of the zonal dominants of perennials to one-biennials. The share of fodder plants decreases to 48%, medicinal plants - 11%, melliferous plants - 7%, ruderal plants - 13%, and the share of synanthropic vegetation increases to 21%. There is not a large number of shrubs and semi-shrubs (4%), but there is no tendency towards afforestation. Cenopopulations of rare plants, mainly with a full age spectrum.
Development of rural territories of the agro-oriented region in the conditions of self-sufficient food supply
Authors: Kovaleva I , Kudinova M , Levichev V , Zhidkikh Y , Shevchuk N
Published: October 2021

The agro-industrial complex (AIC) is a strategic backbone industry at the regional level. Issues of food security and functional availability of food are still of particular relevance. At the same time, the issues of self-sufficient development of regions, including in the branches of the agro-industrial complex, are of strategic importance. Acceptable levels of ensuring food independence and physical availability of food with agricultural products are noted in the directions of the Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation. Nevertheless, a number of unresolved problems remain in terms of the level of affordability and rational norms of food consumption: there may be an abundance of products, but at a very expensive price. Given the limited purchasing power of the population, burdened by the pandemic, it is important for consumers to be able to purchase quality products in sufficient volume to ensure an active and healthy lifestyle. In the sectoral context, there are still unresolved issues of low profitability of production, preservation of the gene pool of farm animals, reduction in the number of cattle, insufficient level of technical and technological equipment, low level of average monthly wages in agriculture. The guarantee of the economic availability of food is possible with the stabilization of the general economic situation in the country and, accordingly, the growth of real incomes of the population, which, in turn, will give positive dynamics to new points of growth in the agro-industrial complex. The main measures to increase the economic affordability of food can be implemented through regional programs to support the poorer groups of the population, for example, the provision of subsidies for catering.
Resource-saving early potato cultivation technology
Authors: Dyikanova M E , Ivashova O N , Gasparyan I N , Deniskina N F , Gasparyan Sh V
Published: October 2021

To obtain environmentally friendly early production of potatoes, the use of a technological method in the cultivation technology - light germination was studied. The cultivation technology is standard, except for the studied technique. There is a varietal reaction to reception, responds well to germination of the Luck and Bullfinch varieties. In the variant with germination, the total costs increase, but in the cost structure there is a decrease in the costs of expensive fertilizers and seeds. The cost of machinery and agricultural production does not rise much. implements in connection with additional work related to the light germination, where it is necessary to take out the planting material from the storage. These costs are not significant and the reception provides a high net energy income, high coefficients, as well as a low energy cost, which allows you to save energy resources when growing early potatoes and get maximum income. There is an increase in net energy income by 5.9 … 31.9%, energy cost coefficients by 6.3 … 32.8%, as well as a decrease in cost by 0.09 … 0.33 GJ•t−1 of tubers.
Specific and integral efficiency use of land and water resources
Authors: Namozov J A , Khamroeva F A , Dovulov N L
Published: October 2021

The article provides information on the importance of land and water resources, which are the basis of agriculture, including the regional efficiency of land and water resources in the example of Samarkand region, the situation within the districts. To do this, the share of districts in agricultural production, the percentage of land and water resources is expressed in comparable indices (ī = 1). The specific (land and water resources separately) and integral (combined land and water resources) aspects of land and water use efficiency were calculated in two ways (brutto and netto). Specific efficiency was determined by the state of water use at the expense of the regional agricultural lands and the Zarafshan Basin Department of Irrigation Systems. In order to more accurately reflect the results of the study, the districts were divided into four groups according to the net (net) efficiency status, and each group was named based on a certain criterion. In addition, differences in the use of land and water resources by districts were identified using differences in netto and brutto efficiency. The results are tabulated in order to change the situation by region and to show the situation more clearly. At the end of the article, suggestions and recommendations for improving the efficiency of land and water use in the districts of the region are given.
Application of statistical methods for quality control of agro-industrial production processes
Authors: Temasova G N , Leonov O A , Shkaruba N Zh , Vergazova Yu G , Petrovskiy D I
Published: October 2021

The article deals with the mechanism of quality control of agro-industrial production processes, namely, quality control of poultry farm processes. It also details the management of nonconforming products using simple quality control and management tools – a checklist and a Pareto chart. It was suggested that a checklist should be used to record nonconformities and their number for each nonconformity. Using this checklist form will allow you to analyze the production process, identify the causes of nonconformities, and quickly intervene in the process to prevent nonconformities from occurring. To analyze the inconsistencies and the causes of their occurrence, it was suggested to use the Pareto diagram, the use of which allows you to pay attention to the most significant problems.
Role of river crayfish Pontastacus leptodactylus (Esch.) in maintaining the stability of freshwater bodies in Eurasia
Authors: Alexandrova E N , Tarasov K L
Published: October 2021

The role of the long-toed crayfish (Pontastacus leptodactylus leptodactylus) in the hydrocenosis of a water body in the floodplain of the Rutka River, one of the tributaries of the Middle Volga, was studied in order to determine an ecologically grounded catch rate. During the study period, the population of P. l. leptodactylus had a high productivity and occupied the dominant status in the biocenosis among the components of animal origin. The amount of plant biomass consumption in summer by juveniles and sexually mature crayfish was calculated. Zoobenthos is consumed in relatively small quantities by all age groups of the crayfish population; zooplankton – by underyearlings. The consumption of aquatic vegetation by crayfish determines the importance of their role in restraining its growth and in limiting the eutrophication of the water body. The biomass of the P. l. leptodactylus population was calculated. It must always be present in the water body to maintain the stability of its biocenosis, which is possible if the annual catch of crayfish is limited to 10-15% of their commercial stock.
Effectiveness of herbicide treatment on pea crops
Authors: Ilina S , Ivanova I , Fadeev A
Published: October 2021

In the Chuvash Republic, peas are cultivated as a food and feed crop. Great damage to crops caused by weeds. With severe contamination, the reduction in grain yield in farms is 35-50 %. In order to obtain high yields of pea grain, experiments were conducted with the use of herbicides. The article discusses the research conducted in 2018-2020 on the effectiveness of a two-component herbicide Korsar Super normal 1.2 l/ha in phase 4-5 leaves of a cropper and the early phases of development of weeds in crops of pea varieties Spartak in the southern part of the Volga-Vyatka region of Russia. During the fieldwork experience in the Chuvash Research Agricultural Institute – Branch of “Federal Agricultural Research Centre of the North-East named N.V. Rudnitsky” on loamy gray forest soil, the use of herbicide treatment led to a significant reduction in the number of weeds in biological effectiveness 84.2 %. It provided a reliable grain increase of 0.9 t/ha. At the same time, the level of profitability of grain production made averaged 33 % in 2018-2020.
Technology of cultivation of Civil hops in Chuvashia
Authors: Dementiev D , Leonteva V , Ivanova I , Fadeev A
Published: October 2021

Due to the wide demand for hop raw materials against the background of sanctions of foreign countries against Russia, the culture of hop production began to revive in the Russian Federation. In addition to brewing, it is used in medicine, the baking and perfume industries. If earlier hops were grown in 11 regions of the Russian Federation, now only in the Chuvash Republic, Mari El and Altai Krai, there are also areas in the Ivanovo region. The total area of trellises for hops in the Russian Federation is about 400 hectares, of which less than half a hectare is cultivated in the Chuvash Republic [1]. At the same time, the production of hop cones does not meet even 1% of the total demand in the country. The revival of this forgotten culture is very slow, but nevertheless hop plantations are expanding their area thanks to the introduction of state support for the development of hop growing. Opportunities to increase the area and the gross hop harvest began to appear. At the moment, one of the problems is that there are almost no hop specialists left. Therefore, it is necessary to popularize the technology of cultivation of this crop in demand by the world community.
Improvement of the method of express bioindication by yeast fungi of environmental pollution with mercury using mechanical activation and electrophysical action
Authors: Novosyolova E A , Skripnik I L , Kaverzneva T T , Rumyantseva N V , Tumanov A Yu
Published: October 2021

The main results of determining the presence of mercury in components of the environment by the developed method of express bioindication by yeast fungi based on the improvement of the existing, operating design of the installation are presented in the article. It was found that mercury salts contribute to the rapid release of carbon dioxide at any concentrations presented in the article if the culture medium is stirred, and an increase in the rate of CO2 release by yeast fungi with constant water treatment with VFMS has been established. It has been established that when the culture medium is stirred with different concentrations of yeast fungi, with constant electrophysical treatment of water, mercury salts increase the rate of carbon dioxide evolution.
Assessment of the financial standing of baby food manufacturing enterprise
Authors: Vorobyev D I , Rodinova N P , Ostroukhov V M , Mindlin Y B , Lebedev N A
Published: October 2021

This article presents an assessment of the financial standing of a baby food manufacturing enterprise. In this research an assessment was given to the parameters like: dynamics of composition and structure of profit before tax; dynamics of structure of sales revenues; dynamics of composition and structure of profit from sales; changes in factors that influence the net income; calculation of the influence of factors on net profit; dynamics of parameters of return on production and economic activity. As a result of the assessment the following was revealed: for 2019 the considered enterprise has a decrease in efficiency of economic activity, which was caused by decrease in efficiency of using the fixed production assets, labor resources and current assets. Management should define and use the internal reserves to improve the financial competitiveness of the enterprise. At the same time, it is recommended to pay attention to reserves that require minimum cash costs due to limited availability of cash funds.
Growing methods that promote the production of early potato products of the Udacha variety
Authors: Deniskina N F , Dyikanova M E , Levshin A G , Gasparyan I N , Gasparyan Sh V
Published: October 2021

The scientific article presents the results of five-year research on an effective method of growing potatoes of the early variety Udacha, for obtaining products in the second decade of July in the conditions of the Moscow region of the Russian Federation. For the formation of the potato yield, various methods were used to optimize the conditions for the growth and development of plants in the early spring and summer periods, for the experiments used (pre-planting glauconite sands 10, 20 and 30 g/plant, the effect of drip irrigation on the formation of early production the use of a covering material during germination of potato tubers, light germination of tubers). In the studies, observations were made of the early ripening potatoes of the Luck variety. Our research is aimed at increasing early potato yield through environmentally friendly practices. Thus, according to the results of the study, the following data were obtained: the interphase period of seedling-harvesting had a difference of 5 … 7 days, depending on the variant of the experiment, this period was 46 … 56 days, which corresponds to the length of the growing season for early-maturing varieties grown under optimal conditions. The average mass of tubers per plant for all variants as of July 15 was 787.1 grams, which is not a bad indicator for the Moscow region. The maximum early yield was achieved in the variants with the use of drip irrigation with the introduction of glauconite sands at a dose of 20 and 30 g/plant and in the variant with light germination in combination with a covering material of 17 g/m2.
Influence of basic tillage on the productivity of leguminous crops
Authors: Kiseleva T S , Rzaeva V V
Published: October 2021

The studies were carried out in order to identify the most effective method (plowing, loosening, their alternation in crop rotation, without main processing) of a mid-depth (20-22 and 12-14 cm) main processing of leached heavy loamy chernozem during cultivation of grain legume crops (peas, chickpeas) in the northern forest-steppe Tyumen region. The work was carried out in 2016–2019. Meteorological conditions in the study area are characterized by long cold winters, warm short summers, short spring and autumn, late spring and early autumn frosts. The highest yield of legumes was noted after plowing by 20-22 cm, so when cultivating peas, it was higher than after loosening to a similar depth, by 0.39 t/ha, chickpea - by 0.53 t/ha, compared with the option of alternating plowing and loosening in crop rotation, by 0.38 and 0.32 t/ha, respectively. With a decrease in tilling depth, the yield of peas and chickpeas decreased: for plowing - by 0.32 and 0.35 t/ha, after loosening - by 0.33 and 0.30 t/ha, in the variant with alternating plowing and loosening - by 0.26 and 0.21 t/ha. The lowest yield in the experiment was noted without basic tillage. The best results after plowing at 20-22 cm were due to the highest yield, as well as the highest mass of 1000 grains, the yield of fodder and grain units in this variant.
Management peculiarities of integration development in the agricultural sector
Authors: Krasnova T G , Dulesov A N , Pozdnyakov A K , Vilgelm A S
Published: October 2021

The search for the most effective forms of functioning of agriculture is the actual direction in modern methods of management of regional economics. The article deals with the development of regional agro-industrial complex as a system, functioning at the expense of integration processes occurring at the level of agricultural sphere of activity. The issues of integration in agriculture are considered from the point of view of forming the stability of balanced regional economy. A distinctive point of our paper is the application of the process approach which allow construct models of farm land use on the example of the Republic of Khakassia. Also we consider realization mechanism of agro-industrial integrative development model by means of various management methods. The choice of the direction of integrative development of agriculture in the regions is justified by the fact that integration ties arising at all levels of agro-industrial complexes (providing, producing, processing) contribute to active formation of sustainable local agricultural markets.
Study of drying conditions effect on the quality of products based on grain stillage
Authors: Abramova I M , Soloviev A O , Turshatov M V , Krivchenko V A , Nikitenko V D
Published: October 2021

Actual alcohol production technology provides full processing of grain stillage into food and feed products: dietary fiber, dried distillers grains, fodder yeast. The quality of these products is significantly affected by the parameters of the drying process. Using the example of grain stillage, the authors studied the effect of temperature on the content of its composition: protein, carbohydrates, fiber, etc. It is shown that with an increase in temperature, the destruction of grain stillage components occurs. To minimize quality loss, the drying process must be carried out at a temperature of 100 - 150 °C.
Global trends and regional policy in agricultural tourism
Authors: Ilyukhina N A , Parushina N V , Chekulina T A , Gubina O V , Suchkova N A , Maslova O L
Published: October 2021

Rural tourism (agrotourism) in the world practice is a promising sector of the tourism industry, focused on the use of various resources of the rural area and its features to create a comprehensive tourist product. In Russia, such an understanding of agro-tourism has come in recent years, and the growing interest is confirmed by the interest not only of business representatives, but also of state authorities. The national project “Tourism and Hospitality Industry” will become an impetus for the development of domestic tourism and increase the competition of regions and territories in this area. The Orel region is fully involved in the development of agro-tourism. The region has a significant tourist and recreational potential for the development of rural (agricultural) tourism. The agro-industrial complex of the Orel region is the leading system-forming spheres of the region’s economy. Regional authorities actively support private businesses involved in the implementation of state programs in the field of rural tourism: “Development of investment and project activities in the Orel region” and “Development and support of small and medium-sized businesses in the Orel region”.
A method for increasing the productivity of meat gobies thanks to the use of cavitated sunflower oil sludge in the diet
Authors: Muslyumova D M , Kurilkina M Ya , Duskaev G K , Zavyalov O A
Published: October 2021

The paper presents the results of studies on the use of cavitation-treated sunflower oil-sludge in the diets of young cattle, when grown for meat. The analysis of the data showed that the introduction of native and cavitated oil sludge into the diet of bulls affects the indicators of the intensity of their growth with a pronounced effect for cavitated oil sludge. So, bulls of the II experimental group in live weight exceeded their herdmates from the control and I experimental groups at the age of 18 months - by 4.6% (P≤0.05) and by 2.0%. In terms of the average daily gain, the animals of the II experimental groups, for the entire period of the experiment, exceeded the control and I experimental groups by 5.1-14.2%, respectively. The use of oil sludge, subjected to cavitation treatment, in feeding young cattle is economically profitable. Additional profit is 1105.2 rubles. per head, and the level of profitability of beef production at the same time increases by 2.75%. This testifies to the economic feasibility of the practical application of cavitated sunflower oil-sludge.
Problems of epy limiting the processes of epy eutrophication in a slightly saline reservoir
Authors: Zhidkova A Y , Podberesnij V V , Zarubina R V
Published: October 2021

One of the most difficult for solving environmental problems of water bodies around the world is the ever-accelerating processes of eutrophication, which are currently mostly anthropogenic in nature. The aim of the work is to identify the biogenic matter that has the greatest influence on the processes of eutrophication and, consequently, limits this process. To clarify this agent of eutrophication, a model experiment was carried out, consisting of a series of tests with the natural water sampled from the Gulf of Taganrog of the Sea of Azov. When solving the problem of the need for and the degree of removal of the biogens from the wastewater, first, the attention should be paid to the biogen that limits the eutrophication of this water system.
Adaptive phenological response of grape varieties orientalis C. Negr. on changes in weather and climatic conditions in the south of Russia
Authors: Petrov Valeriy , Lukyanova Anna , Marmorshtein Anna , Kovalenko Aleksandr
Published: October 2021

The studies were carried out in the temperate continental climate of southern Russia in the plantations of the Anapa ampelographic collection on the varieties Adisi, Kuldzhinsky, Tarnau belonging to the group orientalis C. Negr. It was found that the growing season duration of Adisi variety from budding to the full physiological maturity of grape berries decreased by 24 days, of Kuldzhinsky variety - by 23 days, of Tarnau variety - by 27 days. Regularities have been established that indicate a close and average positive correlation relationship between a decrease in the duration of the growing season and an increase in the sum of active air temperatures.