bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The recreational potential for wastelands as well as users’ preferences for wasteland aesthetics. Case study of Warsaw, Poland
Authors: Gawryszewska Beata J. , Wilczyńska Anna , Łepkowski Maciej , Nejman Ryszard , Cziszewska Martyna
Published: July 2018

Urban wastelands may often be perceived as dysfunctional and unattractive, however they always seem to have environmental and sociological values, which encourage people to act spontaneously in their use. Undeveloped areas are important places in the structure of inhabiting landscape as a substitute for “natural” landscape. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to describe residents’ aesthetical preferences for urban wasteland according to the image (type of scenery) and function of this kind of urban greenery. The survey was carried out on 13 selected case studies of brownfields, neglected greenery and undeveloped areas in Warsaw. The users' aesthetical preferences as well as the behaviour of residents, which have been treated as a neighbourhood greenery, were examined and compared. A basis of the comparison was differences in the image of the visiting landscape, perceived as different types of scenery. The methods used included Visitor Employed Photography and territorial markers and a physical traces inventory. The results show the various recreational uses, thus the great potential of wasteland green areas. It also confirms the growing acceptability of free vegetation aesthetics, while also presenting differences in the choice of a particular scenery by different groups of users.
Artifisial replenishment of the deep aquifers
Authors: Hurynovich Anatoly , Ramanouski Valiantsin
Published: July 2018

On the basis of the analysis, laboratory and pilot studies that have been conducted, schemes of artificial replenishment of deep aquifers are proposed. These schemes allow a groundwater recharge in order to water intake with generate electricity using the energy of the water flow and provide clear water, which serves to replenish underground water. Experimental section of this technological scheme was designed and built in the region of water intake in Brest (Belarus), on which were carried out hydrogeological surveys. Based on the above results, it was suggested to use the energy of the water flow in a water-inject well to convert it into electrical energy. A method for artificial groundwater recharge, which simultaneously allows groundwater recharge to the target groundwater without expending energy, generation of electricity using the power of the water flow and produces high quality water through the use of ozonation, which serves to replenish the groundwater was proposed. This is achieved through the use of hydraulic ram pump water-lifting devices, combined with electric generators, and a device for water purification such as an ozone generator. The proposed scheme and well design also allows the removal of iron and manganese from underground water and can be organized by two options, depending on the water source.
The interaction of a reinforced concrete cylindrical tank with soil in complicated functional conditions
Authors: Kliszczewicz Barbara
Published: July 2018

The paper is dedicated to the analysis interactions between the structure of a field-based cylindrical tank made from reinforced concrete and randomly or unevenly distributed strata of subsoil. The numerical analysis with the use of the Z_Soil software package was carried out to investigate how variable geotechnical parameters demonstrated by subsoil strata with a low bearing capacity and a high deformability influence strain and stress of the tank shell and bottom. The arrangement made up of a cylindrical tank and stratified subsoil (its 3D model) was subjected to the analysis with the consideration of the elastic and plastic properties of soil (the Coulomb-Mohr model). The analysis results, presented as diagrams of the structure deformation and stresses illustrate the uneven settlement of the tank shell and its internal strain.
The identification of key factors determining the sustainability of stormwater systems
Authors: Kordana Sabina
Published: July 2018

Land cover changes may cause a disturbance in the water cycle, the consequence of which is an increase in the volume of stormwater runoff. In such a situation, the use of traditional stormwater systems leads to a number of problems, including the hydraulic overload of these systems and the deterioration of rivers. Therefore, stormwater management clearly affects the quality of life in a particular area. In order to facilitate effective stormwater management, the paper identifies and assesses factors that impact the sustainability of stormwater systems. Using the premises of PESTLE analysis, these factors were categorized as Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, or Environmental. Assessments from an expert team were also used to identify elements that are crucial for the development of innovative solutions for stormwater management.
Wastewater management using artificial intelligence
Authors: Markovič Gabriel
Published: July 2018

The subject matter, as well as the objectives of this article, was the usage and the modelling of the rainwater management process using artificial intelligence. The article deals with the research on how and why water should be used more effectively whether it is rainwater or greywater. In Slovakia, the usage of rainwater or greywater is not so popular. However, such usage has many advantages from an ecological, economical and technical viewpoint. In this article, a proposal was created of rainwater usage in a school building and this usage was realized by using Fuzzy cognitive maps. Fuzzy cognitive maps represent a well-oriented and evaluated diagram and it helped us to create a concrete process of water usage. The output of this experiment will be the decision system for the most effective use of water in a building, as well as the most effective way for the recycling of wastewater in buildings.
Methodology for linking business processes undertaken during bridge load testing with the specification of required information according to OpenBIM standards
Authors: Owerko Tomasz , Owerko Piotr
Published: July 2018

Correct process modelling is crucial for the implementation of BIM technology. Considering the interest of public procurement, the use of open standards supports the transparency of spending public money on construction projects. The aim of this paper is to model the flow of information at the stage of bridge load testing in order to properly use BIM technology for bridges. The authors present a concept known from software engineering - design pattern – a general, reusable solution for a commonly occurring problem within a given context, this time applied in infrastructure design.
The stochastic finite element method in the assessment of bridge infrastructure objects - review
Authors: Owerko Piotr
Published: July 2018

The stochastic finite element method (SFEM) is an extension of classical FEM which allows the representation of various types and sources of uncertainty in one computational system. This review paper presents information regarding SFEM implementation in the assessment of bridge objects. A concise theoretical background of the three most commonly used branches of SFEM is also presented. This technique is used in the assessment of bridge structures with regards to, e.g. load in motion problems, wind and seismic excitation analysis, random material property analysis, reliability and fatigue reliability analysis. However, it seems that the main feasibility concern is the lack of proper SFEM implementation into general purpose FEM systems which are used by bridge engineers. This is why, arguably, one of the most effective ways to introduce SFEM in real-life bridge engineering problems is with the methods that rely on multiple calculations of classical deterministic FEM e.g. Monte Carlo Simulation, or Response Function Method. To introduce randomness directly into individual finite elements of the model in a complete SFEM procedure it is usually necessary to develop proprietary computer programs.
The assessment of changes in the level of technical infrastructure development for former regional centres - a comparative analysis
Authors: Pawłat-Zawrzykraj Agata , Podawca Konrad
Published: July 2018

The article presents the assessment of urban development measured mainly by the service level and dynamics of changes in the field of technical infrastructure. This kind of analysis can give some long-term overview of social, economic and spatial phenomena. The objects of the research were 28 cities - former regional centers that lost their status due to administrative reform in 1999. The changing of the administrative significance of these cities was assumed to be an important external factor that might adversely affect their development. A multi-indicator analysis concerning the infrastructure issues was worked out for the years 2001- 2016 on the basis of statistical data of the Central Statistical Office, available in Local Data Bank (LDB). The obtained results for individual indicators enabled rating the technical infrastructure development of the studied cities. Furthermore, diversity and spatial distribution of the urban units with high, medium and low rates of technical infrastructure development were presented.
The development of small settlements in the industrial plant - city model - based on the examples of Nowa Dęba and Nowa Sarzyna
Authors: Sikora Anna
Published: July 2018

Double-purpose industrial plant-settlement complexes (city) are fairly popular urban combinations; especially so during the inter-war and post-war industrial periods, when through a decision by the central authorities, industrial facilities were located in specific areas which were then developed over time. Specific cases of such complexes are two small cities built from scratch around growing industrial plants. The article presents certain functional and spatial changes in two urban centers: Nowa Dęba and Nowa Sarzyna, which are located in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship.
Searching for new development in areas of the city
Authors: Skiba Marta , Bazan-Krzywoszańska Anna , Eckert Wojciech , Mrówczyńska Maria , Sztubecka Małgorzata
Published: July 2018

The reason of shaping and building cities is primarily to improve the quality of life of inhabitants. Changes in space in cities concern not only their basic functioning principles but also the transformation of structures and systems (green areas, communications andother). Regardless, spatial policy is based on the continuous search for new services and economic activity to raise standards. The article describes a study which makes an attempt to identify the main desired features that can be taken into account while formulating concepts for planning and designing a prospective city. The study was intended to analyze terms promoted in literature or labels of a desired city, that shape the aspirations of future inhabitants. The city's image-building activities concern the future measured in economic, social and environmental effects. Modelling the future potential concepts of a city development as part of planning for its development, is one of the ways of thinking about the future. Using mathematical and spatial models for this purpose, we acquire knowledge on the possible variants of the city development, as well as measurable effects of this type of phenomena
Application of field inspections and odour observation diaries in the assessment of air quality and odour in urban areas
Authors: Sówka Izabela , Miller Urszula , Bezyk Yaroslav , Nych Alicja , Grzelka Agnieszka , Dąbrowski Łukasz
Published: July 2018

The choice of an odour nuisance assessment method depends on many factors, such as: the type and quantity of objects, the diversity and type of odour sources, the location of the object, the social situation and the number of complaints about odor nuisance, the type and physico-chemical parameters of the emitted gases and the conditions of dispersion of pollutants in the air. In most cases, in order to fully assess the situation and take integrated actions to reduce odour nuisance, both an instrumental/sensory analysis and a sociological research method should be used simultaneously. Such an approach enables researchers to get a real picture of the problem and develop the optimal and necessary minimization of odour impact solutions. The work presents the results of field and sociological research aimed at identifying odour sources and odour nuisance in a selected urban area located in the southern part of Poland. The studied area is complex in terms of the type and amount of odour emission sources, hence the use of several methods in the assessment of air quality was justified. The conducted research allowed the identification of emission sources and the extent of their impact on the area of the examined city and community.
The impact of construction of piling partitions on the retention efficiency of a sewerage network
Authors: Starzec Mariusz
Published: July 2018

The aim of the article is to determine the impact of the structural solution of piling partitions of an innovative retention canals on the hydraulic conditions of its functioning in a specific sewerage network. Three types and different variants for controlling the operation of piling partitions were analyzed. The research shows that the construction of piling partitions has a significant impact on the achieved reduction rate of sewage outflow from the analyzed sewerage network. In addition, the construction of piling partitions also determines the volume of sewage that can be restored in sewer networks. The most tangible effects were observed when the partitions were made in the system (1), i.e. they had drainage holes of an adjustable geometry. In this example, a reduction in the peak sewage outflow from the sewage network to a value of only 531.36 dm3/s was observed, which corresponds to the value of the wastewater reduction coefficient β = 0.34. What is worth emphasizing, with the other methods of functioning of piling partitions, small values of the wastewater reduction coefficient were also obtained successively for the system (2) β = 0.35, while for the system (3) β = 0.43. On the basis of the tests carried out, it was also found that the authoritative time for dimensioning the sewerage network equipped with piling partitions always takes values higher than the reliable time for dimensioning a traditional sewerage network
Model research on the influence of green roofs on environmental parameters in urban agglomerations
Authors: Suszanowicz Dariusz
Published: July 2018

This study presents features of green roofs in urban areas with a particular emphasis on the filtration of air pollutants, heavy metals removal, reduction of rainwater runoff from roof surfaces and thermal insulation. To carry out field studies on the influence of green roofs on the environment in urban areas, two green roof models on a laboratory scale were used. The observations of the prepared green roof models made during the summer, autumn and winter confirmed the extremely beneficial effect of this type of roof for the elimination of air pollutant, heavy metals, and particulate matter. The observations also confirmed that plants on a green roof growing on a soil layer absorb an average of 74% of rain water and then allow it to evaporate. The selection of plants for green roofs should mainly focus on how effectively they improve urban environmental parameters and remove air pollutants. The results of the study of the two green roof models on a laboratory scale are necessary to work out the parameters of layers of the roof and select the most appropriate plants for the reference research object on the roof of one of buildings of the University of Opole.
Safety parameters calibration in the structural design of sewer liners
Authors: Szot Arkadiusz
Published: July 2018

The article concerns aspects of safety in the process of designing continuous polymer liners used to strengthen and seal sewers and drains. The issues of safety coefficients, the variability of basic loadbearing parameters of liners and the problem of sensitivity of analytical solutions describing load-bearing capacity are discussed. The currently used magnitude of safety factors has been verified. The results of an examination on the safety index of liners for strengthening sewers has been presented in the paper. The necessity for the verification of current concepts of liner safety normalisation was herein addressed. A postulation to abandon the analogy of liners for newly constructed pipes was formulated. Calculations using the Hasofer-Lind safety index (First Order Reliability Method) were performed in some cases. A verification and evaluation of the global safety factor for sewer liners were herein carried out.
An improvement in the energetic efficiency of a building using daylight in the light control system
Authors: Sowa Sławomir
Published: July 2018

Increasing the energy effectiveness of buildings focuses mainly on limiting the use of heat and electricity. The benefits from such activities have an impact on the cutting of running costs and assist in environmental protection thanks to the limited demand for primary energy. It is extremely important for the whole of humanity to perform actions to improve the energy effectiveness of buildings. One of the ways of limiting the use of energy for lighting, when it comes to electricity, is to implement a control system, which would enable limiting energy consumption, while giving proper user comfort and safety at the same time. This article describes the legal aspects connected with energy effectiveness and it also deals with a lighting control system that uses daylight.
The effect of zeolite addition on parameters of concrete containing recycled ceramic aggregate
Authors: Szulej Jacek , Ogrodnik Paweł
Published: July 2018

In the paper it was decided to recognize the material characteristics of concrete based on ceramic aggregate, aluminous cement with the addition of zeolite (5%, 10%, 15%) and air entraining admixture. Aggregate crushed to 2 fractions was used for designing the concrete mix : 0-4 mm, and 4-8 mm. The research involved the use of clinoptilolite derived from the zeolite tuff deposit at Sokyrnytsya (Transcarpathia, Ukraine). The dominant component in the zeolite is clinoptilolite in an amount of about 75%. The research carried out by the authors showed that the addition of zeolite, among others, increases the compressive strength of concrete, significantly improves the frost resistance, which in the case of using only aluminous cement is very low. The obtained results confirm the possibility of using the above-mentioned components, which improve the concrete material properties and are environmentally friendly.
Queuing analysis using Viswalk for check-in counter: Case study of Lombok Praya International Airport
Authors: Sulaksono Wibowo Sony , Raudhatul Fadilah Siti
Published: July 2018

Queuing analysis on check-in counter in airport is required to accommodate the passenger processing facilities, such as check-in service. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the performance of a queuing system at check-in facilities in 2nd passenger terminal Lombok Praya International Airport in 2016 and 2036. This analysis is done by determining parameters of the queues at every check-in counter through simulations on Viswalk. Before running the simulation, the model of airport terminal must be created first. Queuing simulation starts with the traffic demand forecasting of domestic departure passenger for the next 20 years. To determine the optimal number of check-in counters, an iteration of various number is performed. Check-in services time data were adopted from previous study which became an input of the simulation using two different scenarios. The expected output are the queuing parameter and the distribution of passenger service time at each check-in counter.
Analysis of congestion cost at signalized intersection using Vissim 9 (Case study at Demak Ijo Intersection, Sleman)
Authors: Mahmudah Noor , Akbar Rizkie , Muchlisin
Published: July 2018

Due to imbalance of road capacity and traffic volume, so traffic congestion will be occurred either along the road and intersection. Demak Ijo intersection is one of signalized junction located in the western part of Yogyakarta with high traffic volume so traffic congestion is frequently occurred. The aim of this study is to analyze the performance of existing traffic condition and then estimate the congestion cost at signalized intersection by modeling (simulation) using Vissim 9. The analysis results show that existing traffic condition is in very bad condition (level F), average delay of 80 seconds, average queue length of 48.73 meters with congestion cost is about Rp. 2,830,336 per hour.
Evaluation of performance and service quality of Trans Bandung Raya Bus (case study: route of Elang Terminal – Jatinangor Terminal)
Authors: Damayanto Antono , Kenedi Faizal , Yogatama Bagea R.
Published: July 2018

Land transportation needs are increasing. One of the problems is the uncontrolled number of private vehicles. Buses as public transportation become the right choice to overcome the problem. Bus rapid transit is a fast, convenient, secure and punctual. The research purpose is to know the performance of Trans Bandung Raya Bus (TBRB) based on the policy of Director General of Land Transportation Decision No.SK.687/AJ.206/DRJD/2002 and to analyze the service quality factors of TBRB. The method of service quality assessment is Importance Performance Analysis. The research showed that the total value of TBRB's performance is 23 and based on the performance standards of the Director General of Land Transportation Decision is the "Good" category. The value of TBRB service quality (2.63) is smaller than the expected value (3.31) which means that TBRB have to keep improving their performance. The service quality variables that need to be improved are Empathy and Assurance.
Urban spatial structure re-identification as an approach to solving urban transport problem (A case study in Malang)
Authors: Meru Utomo Dadang , Hariyani Septiana
Published: July 2018

In an effort to solve the congestion problem, the local government of Malang City has taken various steps. However, unfortunately, the result has not been effective. This shows that the efforts that have been taken so far are sectoral, therefore a more comprehensive approach is needed in order to reach a more effective result. This research aims at re-evaluating the determination of Malang City's urban spatial structure through the delineation of narrower units of area using the centrality index method. The research suggests that urban spatial structures have a very clear pattern of association with congestion locations. It can be concluded that the local government of Malang City needs to put more consideration on evaluating the urban spatial structure to solve the problem of transportation which is ever-growing the in second largest urban area in East Java Province.
Bearing capacity characteristic of subgrade layer quicklime treated laterite soil
Authors: Saing Zubair , Samang Lawalenna , Harianto Tri , Palanduk Johannes
Published: July 2018

This study aimed to analyze bearing capacity characteristics of laterite soil with quicklime stabilization as road subgrade layer. The laterite soil obtained from three different locations with three different ferrous (FeO) content. Soil samples were conduct by mixing laterite soil with 3%, 5%, 7%, and 10% lime content on Proctor initial condition, then cured for 3, 14, and 28 days before tested for soil bearing capacity using CBR laboratory test. Result showed that the lime treated laterite soil increases the bearing capacity for all types of laterite soil significantly in line with incrasing of lime content on 28 days curing time (11,67% to 51,67%, 14% to 53,33%, and 14,17% to 71,67%, respectively for LH1, LH2 and LH3). The increasing of soil bearing capacity due to pozzolanic strength gain. Based on these results, the laterite soil has potentially to be used as road subgrade layer.
Impact of compaction test on mineral texture breakage in Tanjung Bunga Beach, Makassar
Authors: Umar Hamid , Suriamihardja Dadang A. , Samang Lawalenna , Ria Irfan Ulva
Published: July 2018

Rate of mineral deterioration in Tanjung Bunga Beach, Makassar city sediment, as a coastal city area that temporarily evolved with infrastructure development, through a Compaction test has found damage mineral from cracks, split and shatter. The aim of this research is to classify the compaction test from mineral as result texture breakage from compression test. Tanjung Bunga beach sediments based on grain size was classified from fine sand, medium sand and coarse sand. Petrographic analysis of 15 samples of in three drilling sites with 5 meters depth, found quartz mineral composition from 20 – 25%, hornblende bertween 5 – 20%, pyroxene 5 – 15%, pagioclast 5 – 15%, orthoclast 5 – 15%, biotite 10 – 20%, and opaque minerals 10 – 25%. Value of Compaction Test laboratory Fine Sand has 4 - 14.4 Div, Medium Sand has 6.7 - 20 Div, and Coarse Sand has 3.2 - 24 Div. Petrographic analysis after Mineral Compaction Test on fine sand was cracked up to 2 – 20%, split 2 – 12%, and shattered 2 – 10%, medium sand was cracked mineral up to 2 – 15%, split up to 1 – 13%, and shattered up to 1 – 5%, and coarse sand up to 1 – 10% cracked minerals, split up to 2 – 15%, and shattered up to 2 – 7%. High percentage of crack minerals were found in fine sand with low Compaction Test values and coarse sand with low crack mineral and high Compression Strength values. More cracked mineral was found in Quartz and no opaque minerals were shatter. Mineral pyroxene is founded as most shatter shape and orthoclase mineral with the most split shape.
The choice of parameters hydrodynamic retarder brake with increased power capacity
Authors: Pavarekha Alexander , Kapski Denis , Voytik Andrey , Łukasiewicz Marcin
Published: July 2018

The current trend of increasing the total weight and speed of vehicles, tougher requirements for road safety requires constant improvement of their braking systems. In this regard, for the main tractors and a number of other machines with a large operating weight is relevant to the use of brakes–retarders. This allows to increase the average speed, reduce the thermal stress of the main (working) brake mechanisms and increase their durability, which increases the level of active safety of vehicles. This article presents the results of studies of working processes in hydrodynamic brakes of retarders, determined the dependence of their braking efficiency on the design features. The studies were conducted using finite element models.
Diagnostics of supercapacitors
Authors: Martynyuk Valeriy , Eromenko Oleksander , Boiko Juliy , Kałaczyński Tomasz
Published: July 2018

The paper represents the mathematical model for diagnostics of supercapacitors. The research objectives are the problem of determining a supercapacitor technical condition during its operation. The general reliability of diagnostics is described as the methodological and instrumental reliabilities of diagnostics. The instrumental diagnostic reliability of supercapacitor includes the probabilities of errors of the first and second kind, α and β respectively. The methodological approach to increasing the reliability of supercapacitor diagnostic has been proposed, in terms of multi-parameter supercapacitor diagnostic by applying nonlinear, frequency dependent mathematical models of supercapacitors that take into account nonlinearity, frequency dispersion of parameters and the effect of transient processes in supercapacitors. The more frequencies, operating voltages and currents are applied in the supercapacitor diagnostics, the more methodological reliability of diagnostics will increase in relation to the methodological reliability of supercapacitor diagnostics when only one frequency, voltage and current are applied.
Diagnostics of the effect of prior cold deformation and aging time on intergranular corrosion resistance in case of austenitic stainless steel
Authors: Ławrynowicz Zdzisław
Published: July 2018

Intergranular corrosion of commercial stainless steel type X6CrNiTi18-10 (1.4541, AISI 321) is frequently observed in several process environments. These localized attacks are normally attributed to the carbide precipitation and concomitant depletion of chromium near grain boundary due to steel exposure to sensitization temperature. Such undesirable microchemistry is expected to be changed further if the material undergoes deformation prior to sensitization. Present paper deals with the influence of a wide range of cold rolling (5, 10, 15 and maximum 40% cold deformation) and the sensitization time (aging at 700°C for 0.12, 0.5, 1, 4, 16 and 32 hours) on intergranular corrosion (IGC). The assessment of the degree of intergranular corrosion was based on the measurement of mass loss and observation of corroded surfaces on optical microscope. The consequences of deformation on IGC have been investigated by using EN ISO 3651-1methods (Huey test). Cold deformation before sensitization reduces the intensity of intergranular corrosion of this steel. The deformed structure created during the cold work process, numerous slip planes and the twins boundaries are just like the grain boundaries and the places where the chromium carbides preferentially precipitates.
The theoretical basis of the method of optimizing parameters of the propulsion multipurpose wheeled vehicles
Authors: Guskov Valery , Mikulic Tatiana , Pavlova Victoria , Sochnev Alexey
Published: July 2018

In the design of the wheel machine there are problems of selecting the parameters of its engine at a given load on the wheel or determining the optimal normal load at a given wheel parameters. The method of optimization of parameters of a wheel and its loading proceeding from an integral criterion of efficiency is offered. As a criterion, such an indicator as the efficiency of the driving wheel is taken. The article offers mathematical dependences for determining the efficiency, which take into account the wheel slipping, the resistance force due to the soil crumpling and the formation of a track, as well as the tangential force of traction realized by the wheel.
Analysis of assessment criteria for selected systems of transport means operation
Authors: Muślewski Łukasz , Knopik Leszek , Landowski Bogdan , Polishchuk Oleh
Published: July 2018

The problems discussed in the study are connected with evaluation of complex technical systems functioning, in particular, transport systems. It was assumed that evaluation of their functioning depends on fulfilment degree of selected criteria. Therefore, it is important to determine a set of criteria including their type, number and importance. Since the research object is a public city transport system considered to be a sociotechnical system of the type: human (driver) –machine (vehicle) and the environment , the criteria to be used for the assessment must include behavior of humans, operation of transport means, and the environmental impact. Thus, selection and determination of importance of significant, time variable, measurable and independent characteristics whose values, in a given time moment or a given time interval, define fulfillment degree of the criteria provide the basis for evaluation of such systems functioning. The quality of technical systems functioning in time is assessed on the basis of the criteria fulfilment degree or comparison and classification of different systems of the same type. It needs to be emphasized that the choice of optimal methods for selection of relevant criteria and determination of their impact on the analyzed system functioning is the research subject of study.
Possibilities of the electrochemical drilling process’s (ECM) vibroacoustic analysis
Authors: Troszyń ski Adam , Liss Michał
Published: July 2018

In the course of metals treatment, there occurs a direct interaction of a tool with the processed material. It is connected with occurrence of different physio-mechanical processes significantly influencing the material’s properties, among the others such as the surface’s roughness. An attempt to estimate the shaped material’s surface in the course of the ECM process based on the measurements of the high-potential plate’s oscillations, is presented in the article.
Triboacoustic diagnostic fixed joints of machines
Authors: Dykha Aaleksandr , Matyukh Sergij
Published: July 2018

The experimental results of the tribo-acoustic control in real time the integrity of nominally stationary friction joints under conditions of fretting are presented. The disturbance in the integrity of the tribosuppression as a result of wear has been reliably detected both by the change in the shape of the acoustic histograms of the operating noise and by the change in the noise spectrum due to the appearance of strong mid-frequency modes of the contact gap. The appearance of two oppositely directed wave energy cascades in the regime of fretting has been observed: a direct cascade from mod the pump in the direction of high frequencies and the opposite – side to the low infrasonic frequencies. The former has been associated with microplastic deformations in the zones of actual contact, while the latter has been associated with the dynamic generation of slow angular motions in the friction system.
Periprosthetic stress fracture around a well-fixed type 2B short uncemented stem
Authors: Slullitel Pablo Ariel , Oñativia Jose Ignacio , Llano Lionel , Comba Fernando , Zanotti Gerardo , Piccaluga Francisco , Buttaro Martin Alejandro
Published: July 2018

Despite the theoretical advantages of uncemented short stems, postoperative thigh pain is still matter of concern and can be attributed to different causes. We report a peculiar case of a stress fracture around a short cementless stem with cervico-metaphyseal fixation in an otherwise healthy patient. We implanted a MiniHipTMstem in a 43 year-old male professional golf player for the treatment of primary osteoarthritis using a ceramic on ceramic bearing. Against medical advice, the patient started to play soccer at the 4th postoperative month and was completely asymptomatic to that extent; but at 8 months follow-up and without a history of trauma he started complaining about progressive hip pain. After ruling out infection and loosening, histological analysis from a bone biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of stress fracture. Although revision surgery was initially scheduled, pain started to decrease gradually with protected weight-bearing (crutches) and disappeared around the first postoperative year, remaining the patient asymptomatic at 2 and half years of follow-up, with radiographs depicting a healed fracture with a hypertrophic callus. We encourage surgeons to be aware of the existence of periprosthetic stress fractures as a source of thigh pain (sometimes intractable), and despite being infrequent, they should always be contemplated, providing that these cases can be managed conservatively with rest and limited weight-bearing. After this uncommon case, we suggest to align the stem in order to equally distribute loads onto the medial calcar and the lateral femoral cortical.
Femoral malalignment after gamma nail insertion in the lateral decubitus position
Authors: Abubeih Hossam M.A. , Farouk Osama , Abdelnasser Mohammad Kamal , Eisa Amr Atef , Said Galal Zaki , El-adly Wael
Published: July 2018

Introduction: Insertion of gamma nail with the patient in lateral decubitus position have the advantages of easier access to the entry point, easier fracture reduction and easier implant positioning. Our study described the incidence of femoral angular and rotational deformity following gamma nail insertion in lateral decubitus position.

Methods: In a prospective clinical case series, 31 patients (26 males and 5 females; the average age of 42.6 years) with 31 proximal femoral shaft fractures that were treated with gamma IMN were included in our study. Postoperatively, computerized tomography scans of the pelvis and both knees (injured and uninjured sides) were examined to measure anteversion angles on both sides. A scout film of the pelvis and upper both femurs was taken to compare the neck shaft angles on both sides.

Results: No angular malalignment was detected in our series; the mean angular malalignment angle was 1.6 ± 1.5°. There was a high incidence of true rotational malalignment of ≥10° in 16 out of 31 patients (51.6%); most of them were external rotational malalignment. Younger age group (≤40 years) had significantly more incidence of rotational malalignment (≥10°) than older age group (>40 years) (P-value 0.019).

Discussion: Gamma nail fixation in lateral decubitus position without the fracture table gives an accurate and easier access to the entry point, good implant positioning with no or minimal angular malalignment (varus −valgus) but poses high incidence of true rotational malalignment. Great care and awareness of rotation should be exercised during fixing proximal femoral fractures in lateral decubitus position.
Diagnostik und Therapie der Immunthrombozytopenie
Authors: Matzdorff Axel , Wörmann Bernhard
Published: July 2018

Was ist neu?

Ursachen Die Ursachen der Immunthrombozytopenie (ITP) sind sehr vielfältig. Eine ITP liegt gemäß der aktuellen Definition nur vor, wenn die Thrombozyten wiederholt unter 100 × 109/l liegen.

Klinisches Bild Die Blutungsneigung bei einer ITP ist geringer als bei Patienten mit einer vergleichbaren Thrombozytopenie anderer Ursache.

Diagnostik Die ITP ist eine Ausschlussdiagnose. Es gibt keinen Labortest und keine Untersuchung, die eine ITP „beweist“.

Stadieneinteilung und Therapieziele Die neue Einteilung der ITP in 3 Stadien hat die traditionelle Einteilung in „akut“ und „chronisch“ abgelöst.

Thrombozyten-Schwellenwert Die Indikationsstellung zur Therapie richtet sich nicht allein nach der Thrombozytenzahl, sondern berücksichtigt weitere individuelle Patientenfaktoren.

Therapie Arzneimittel der Wahl in der Erstlinientherapie sind Predniso(lo)n oder Dexamethason. Bei lebensbedrohlichen Blutungen ist die zusätzliche Gabe von Thrombozyten-Konzentraten indiziert. Die wirksamsten Zweitlinientherapien sind die Gabe von Thrombopoetin-Rezeptor-Agonisten oder die Splenektomie. In der Drittlinientherapie werden Präparate auch „off-label“ empfohlen.

Operationen und Zahneingriffe Vor invasiven Eingriffen sollte präoperativ eine Anhebung der Thrombozyten-Zahl erreicht werden. Eine Anhebung in den Normbereich ist nicht erforderlich.
Akute Nierenschädigung – Update 2018
Authors: Patschan Daniel , Müller Gerhard
Published: July 2018

Was ist neu?

Prophylaxe der KM-induzierten akuten Nierenschädigung (AKI) (Kontrastmittelnephropathie, KMNP) Eine im November 2017 hochrangig publizierte Studie zeigt, dass die Anwendung von Natriumbikarbonat der Gabe von Natriumchlorid zur Prävention der Kontrastmittelnephropathie nicht überlegen ist.

SGLT-2-Antagonisten und AKI SGLT-2-Antagonisten entfalten mutmaßlich protektive Effekte hinsichtlich einer CKD (chronic kidney disease). Neuere Beobachtungen lassen vermuten, dass bei behandelten Patienten ein höheres Risiko für die akute Nierenschädigung besteht.

Zellbasierte Therapien der AKI Zellbasierte Therapieansätze der AKI sind in den letzten Jahren v. a. unter experimentellen Bedingungen evaluiert worden. Erste humane Studien mit mesenchymalen Stammzellen werden derzeit durchgeführt. Die Umsetzung zellbasierter Therapien bei humaner AKI ist allerdings noch mit zahlreichen Schwierigkeiten verbunden.
Pankreaskarzinom 2018 – reif für personalisierte Therapiekonzepte?
Authors: Simon Ole , Beyer Georg , Mahajan Ujjwal , Mayerle Julia
Published: July 2018

Was ist neu?

Epidemiologie In Deutschland werden im Jahr 2018 schätzungsweise 19 000 Menschen an einem Pankreaskarzinom erkranken. Die 5-Jahres-Überlebensrate (5-JÜR) aller Pankreaskarzinompatienten liegt mit rund 6 % sehr niedrig und die potenziell kurative Operation ist nur bei 15 – 20 % der Erkrankten möglich. Durch häufigeren Einsatz und Kombination systemischer Chemotherapeutika konnte in den letzten Jahren eine verbesserte Lebenserwartung erreicht werden.

Resektables Stadium Nach vollständiger operativer Resektion eines Pankreaskarzinoms trägt eine adjuvante Chemotherapie zur Verlängerung des Gesamtüberlebens bei. Mittel der Wahl sind Gemcitabin oder 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) und Folinsäure (FS). Kürzlich konnte für die Kombination aus Gemcitabin und Capecitabin (Gem-Cap) eine signifikante Verlängerung des Gesamtüberlebens im Vergleich zur Gemcitabin-Monotherapie gezeigt werden. Für den Einsatz einer adjuvanten Radiochemotherapie gibt es derzeit keine Empfehlung.

Borderline-resektables Stadium Eine neoadjuvante Therapie hat bei Pankreaskarzinomen außerhalb klinischer Studien keinen Stellenwert. Eine Ausnahme stellen borderline-resektable Pankreaskarzinome dar.

Fortgeschrittenes Stadium (M1) Patienten mit fortgeschrittenem oder metastasiertem Pankreaskarzinom profitieren von einer Chemotherapie. Für Patienten mit gutem ECOG-Status konnte kürzlich in 2 Phase-III-Studien eine signifikante Lebenszeitverlängerung durch die Kombination aus Gemcitabin plus nab-Paclitaxel (Gem-Nab) sowie durch das Kombinationsschema aus Folinsäure, 5-FU, Irinotecan und Oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX) gezeigt werden. In der Zweitlinie steht nanoliposomales Irinotecan oder Oxaliplatin kombiniert mit 5FU/FS (OFF) zur Verfügung.

Personalisierte Therapien Die molekulare Charakterisierung des Pankreaskarzinoms hat Fortschritte gemacht und bietet schon heute Ansätze zur personalisierten Medizin. Bei gutem ECOG-Status sollte vor Zweitlinientherapie eine MSI-H/dMMR-Analyse erfolgen, um den möglichen Einsatz einer Checkpoint-Inhibitor-Therapie zu evaluieren. Bei BRCA-Mutationen kann die Gabe von PARP-Inhibitoren vielversprechend sein.
Fibromyalgie-Syndrom: Aktuelle Empfehlungen zu Diagnostik und Therapie
Authors: Krasselt Marco , Baerwald Christoph
Published: July 2018

Was ist neu?

Die Therapie des Fibromyalgie-Syndroms (FMS) fußt auf einer Stärkung des Patienten hinsichtlich körperlicher Bewegung, physiotherapeutischen Maßnahmen und Krankheitsbewältigungsstrategien. Dieser Artikel thematisiert neben den aktuellen, leitliniengestützten Konzepten auch neue therapeutische Ansätze und pathophysiologische Überlegungen.

Pathophysiologische Aspekte Das biopsychosoziale Krankheitsmodell hat weiterhin Gültigkeit. Das FMS wird als „Endzustand“ infolge verschiedener ätiologischer Faktoren und pathophysiologischer Mechanismen verstanden. In den letzten Jahren wurde eine „small fiber“-Pathologie diskutiert, ebenso wie der potenziell negative Einfluss eines hohen Fruktose-Konsums auf den Serotoninstoffwechsel.

Diagnostik Die Diagnosekriterien wurden 2016 leicht modifiziert, die deutsche Leitlinie erfuhr ihr letztes Update 2017. Kernsymptome sind ein generalisierter Schmerz sowie Schlafstörungen und Fatigue. Das FMS kann begleitend zu anderen Erkrankungen vorkommen. Wichtig ist dennoch ein Ausschluss organischer Ursachen.

Therapie Im Vordergrund stehen körperliche Aktivierung und symptomorientierte Maßnahmen. Eine primäre medikamentöse Therapie wird nicht empfohlen, insbesondere NSAR oder Opiate sollten nicht zum Einsatz kommen. Bei schweren Verläufen sollte eine multimodale Behandlung erfolgen. Neue medikamentöse Therapien sind noch weit vom klinischen Einsatz entfernt.
The Enhanced Cytotoxic Effects of the p28-Apoptin Chimeric Protein As A Novel Anti-Cancer Agent on Breast Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Noei Ahmad , Nili-Ahmadabadi Amir , Soleimani Meysam
Published: July 2018

Backgrounds Peptide-based drugs have shown promising results in overcoming the limitations of chemotherapeutic drugs by providing a targeted therapy approach to cancer. However, the response rate of targeted therapies is limited, in large part due to the intra- and inter-heterogeneity of tumors.

Methods In this study, we engineered a novel chimeric protein composed of the p28 peptide as a tumor-homing killer peptide and apoptin as a killer peptide. We evaluated its cytotoxicity against MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and HEK-293 normal cells by the MTT assay. Different linkers were evaluated when designing the chimeric protein. Three-dimensional structure predictions of chimeric proteins with different linkers were carried out by Modeller 9.19, and their validation and analysis were performed by RAMPAGE.

Results Results showed that a cleavable linker, including furin cleavage sites, is preferred over other linkers. The chimeric protein was then successfully expressed in E. coli and purified by affinity chromatography under native conditions, then confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis. Compared with apoptin alone, the chimeric protein showed significantly higher toxicity against breast cancer cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. The IC50 values of the chimeric protein for MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were 38.55 µg/mL and 43.11 µg/mL, respectively. There was no significant cytotoxic effect on the normal HEK293 cell line.

Conclusion This study demonstrates that fusion of p28 peptide to a potent protein could provide an effective method for tumor targeting. Further, in vitro and in vivo studies of this novel chimeric protein are underway.
Pleiotropic Effects of Melatonin
Authors: Mahmood Danish
Published: July 2018

Melatonin’s pleiotropic actions begin from controlling day/night cycle and hypothalamic/pituitary axes to, for example, vasomotor effects, immunomodulation, antilipid effects, modulation of endocrine functions, direct and indirect antiapoptotic effects, interference with nitric oxide signaling, other antiexcitatory actions through ion channels and neurotransmitter systems, and most prominently the antioxidant activities which include expression of genes relevant to redox metabolism, including modulation of mitochondrial electron flux. Because of ubiquitous nature of the melatonin receptor, melatonin serves as pleiotropic molecule and its multiplicity of action goes beyond the established antioxidant activities. Melatonin exhibits pleiotropic effects essentially through four different mechanisms: binding to membrane receptors; nuclear receptors; intracellular proteins, and a receptor-independent radical scavenging function. The present review highlights some of the important pleiotropic effects of melatonin in human body.
Treatment Options for Insomnia in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Oliveira Pedro , Coroa Manuel , Madeira Nuno
Published: July 2018

Background Insomnia is a common feature of schizophrenia. Although several studies have been published about the influence of certain drugs on schizophrenia patients’ sleep, there are no well-grounded recommendations about insomnia treatment in this clinical setting. The present review aimed to identify relevant empirical evidence on available treatments of insomnia in patients with schizophrenia, assessing their safety and efficacy.

Methods This is a systematic review of clinical trials investigating the effect of treatments for insomnia in patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Data were obtained from Medline/PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo, and the Cochrane Library. Risk of bias was assessed in individual studies for selection, performance, detection, attrition, and reporting bias.

Results Four studies met inclusion criteria; 2 using melatonin, 1 using paliperidone, and 1 with eszopiclone. All reported positive results: melatonin increased sleep efficiency and total duration of sleep; paliperidone decreased sleep latency onset and increased total sleep time and sleep efficiency; eszopiclone decreased insomnia severity index.

Conclusions Despite a very limited number of specific studies on this matter, all 4 studies have shown good benefit/risk ratios and reviewed options—melatonin, paliperidone, and eszopiclone—might represent valid options for residual insomnia in schizophrenia.