bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of oxidative response during biodegradation of malathion by S. oneidensis MR-1
Authors: Pan Qiaodong , Li Yanhong , Zhang Jing , Hu Ting , Hou Yu , Tang Shen
Published: February 2024

Malathion, an extensively used organophosphorus pesticide, poses a high potential risk of toxicity to humans and the environment. Shewanella (S.) oneidensis MR-1 has been proposed as a strain with excellent bioremediation capabilities, capable of efficiently removing a wide range of hard-to-degrade pollutants. However, the physiological and biochemical response of S. oneidensis MR-1 to malathion is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to examine how S. oneidensis MR-1 responds physiologically and biochemically to malathion while also investigating the biodegradation properties of the pesticide. The results showed that the 7-day degradation rates of S. oneidensis MR-1 were 84.1, 91.6, and 94.0% at malathion concentrations of 10, 20, and 30 mg/L, respectively. As the concentration of malathion increased, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were inhibited, leading to a significant rise in malondialdehyde content. This outcome can be attributed to the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggered by malathion stress. In addition, ROS production stimulates the secretion of soluble polysaccharides, which alleviates oxidative stress caused by malathion. Malathion-induced oxidative damage further exacerbated the changes in the cellular properties of S. oneidensis MR-1. During the initial stages of degradation, the cell density and total intracellular protein increased significantly with increasing malathion exposure. This can be attributed to the remarkable resistance of S. oneidensis MR-1 to malathion. Based on scanning electron microscopy observations, continuous exposure to contaminants led to a reduction in biomass and protein content, resulting in reduced cell activity and ultimately leading to cell rupture. In addition, this was accompanied by a decrease in Na+/K+- ATPase and Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase levels, suggesting that malathion-mediated oxidative stress interfered with energy metabolism in S. oneidensis MR-1. The findings of this study provide new insights into the environmental risks associated with organophosphorus pesticides, specifically malathion, and their potential for bioremediation.

Graphical Abstract
Kulturelle Bildung – hausgemacht? Zum Effekt elterlichen kulturellen Kapitals auf die kulturellen Aktivitäten von Jugendlichen
Authors: Burkhard Jannis , Kühne Stefan , Scharf Jan , Maaz Kai
Published: February 2024

Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird aufgezeigt, dass elterliches kulturelles Kapital für den Zugang zu kultureller Bildung von Jugendlichen eine wesentliche Rolle spielt. Es wird argumentiert, dass die intergenerationale Weitergabe von kulturellem Kapital einen Mechanismus darstellt, der ungleiche Chancen auf Teilhabe an kultureller Bildung von Generation zu Generation perpetuieren kann. Der Beitrag stützt sich auf die Kapitaltheorie Pierre Bourdieus und leitet zum einen eine eng daran angelehnte, elaborierte Operationalisierung für kulturelles Kapital her. Zum anderen wird auch kulturelle Bildung differenzierter als üblich in hoch- und soziokulturellen Facetten erfasst, die sowohl formale, non-formale als auch informelle Lernkontexte in allen Sparten einschließen. Die Effekte von elterlichem kulturellem Kapital auf die kulturellen Aktivitäten der Jugendlichen werden auf Basis von NEPS-Daten mit Strukturgleichungsmodellen analysiert. Es zeigt sich, dass hochkulturelle Aktivitäten am stärksten mit der elterlichen Kapitalausstattung zusammenhängen, aber auch außerschulische Kurse, die Teilnahme an Angeboten in Kulturvereinen und der Besuch einer Schule mit musischem Profil, während für kulturelle Aktivitäten in Jugendzentren keine Zusammenhänge mit dem kulturellen Kapital der Eltern nachgewiesen werden können. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Notwendigkeit weiterführender Forschung, um Möglichkeiten aufzuzeigen, wie mehr Chancengleichheit in der kulturellen Bildung herbeigeführt werden kann.
Exosomal circZNF800 Derived from Glioma Stem-like Cells Regulates Glioblastoma Tumorigenicity via the PIEZO1/Akt Axis
Authors: Zhang Ning , Wu Pengfei , Mu Maolin , Niu Chaoshi , Hu Shanshan
Published: February 2024

Exosomes play a crucial role in regulating crosstalk between tumor and tumor stem-like cells through their cargo molecules. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have recently been demonstrated to be critical factors in tumorigenesis. This study focuses on the molecular mechanism by which circRNAs from glioma stem-like cell (GSLC) exosomes regulate glioblastoma (GBM) tumorigenicity. In this study, we validated that GSLC exosomes accelerated the malignant phenotype of GBM. Subsequently, we found that circZNF800 was highly expressed in GSLC exosomes and was negatively associated with GBM patients. CircZNF800 promoted GBM cell proliferation and migration and inhibited GBM cell apoptosis in vitro. Silencing circZNF800 could improve the GBM xenograft model survival rate. Mechanistic studies revealed that circZNF800 activated the PIEZO1/Akt signaling pathway by sponging miR-139-5p. CircZNF800 derived from GSLC exosomes promoted GBM cell tumorigenicity and predicted poor prognosis in GBM patients. CircZNF800 has the potential to serve as a promising target for further therapeutic exploration.
Meta-emotion philosophy in teachers from kindergarten to middle school
Authors: Ciucci Enrica , Baroncelli Andrea
Published: February 2024

The present study further investigated the role of teachers as emotional socializers by exploring both the theoretical and the empirical applicability of the construct of meta-emotion philosophy in teachers coming from kindergarten to middle-school. Specifically, we first aimed to test the psychometric properties of a specific tool to assess meta-emotion philosophy (i.e., the Crèche Educator Emotional Style Questionnaire - CEESQ, originally developed for early childhood educators). The second aim was to explore whether the associations between the dimensions provided by the CEESQ were in line with the meta-emotion philosophy framework. 815 female teachers (mean teaching experience = 20.08 years, SD = 10.84 years) from kindergarten to middle school took part to the study. The original 5-factor structure of the CEESQ was confirmed (i.e., three factors related to how teachers approach students’ emotions and perceive their self-efficacy as emotional socializers, and two factors related to how they recognize and approach their own emotions in daily life). Moreover, the CEESQ factors showed several significant interrelations, especially considering the correlations between teachers’ self-efficacy as socializers toward students’ emotions and teachers’ perceptions of their own personal emotional competence. Emerged results indicated the usefulness to expand the construct of meta-emotion philosophy from parenting to student-teacher relationship in order to reach a more comprehensive understanding of the role of teachers as emotional socializers; moreover, they suggest the need for including in teachers’ pre-service and ongoing education a specific attention to promote awareness about the strict connection between personal emotional world and emotion-related educational practices adopted toward students.
Short and decadal impacts of seafloor physical perturbation on the abundances of Lebensspuren ‘traces of life’ in the Peru Basin manganese nodule province
Authors: Vornsand Ina , Boehringer Lilian , Thomsen Laurenz , Purser Autun
Published: February 2024

Interest in deep-sea mining for polymetallic nodules as an alternative source to onshore mines for various high-technology metals has risen in recent years, as demands and costs have increased. The need for studies to assess its short- and long-term consequences on polymetallic nodule ecosystems is therefore also increasingly prescient. Recent image-based expedition studies have described the temporal impacts on epi-/megafauna seafloor communities across these ecosystems at particular points in time. However, these studies have failed to capture information on large infauna within the sediments or give information on potential transient and temporally limited users of these areas, such as mobile surface deposit feeders or fauna responding to bloom events or food fall depositions. This study uses data from the Peru Basin polymetallic nodule province, where the seafloor was previously disturbed with a plough harrow in 1989 and with an epibenthic sled (EBS) in 2015, to simulate two contrasting possible impact forms of mining disturbance. To try and address the shortfall on information on transient epifauna and infauna use of these various disturbed and undisturbed areas of nodule-rich seafloor, images collected 6 months after the 2015 disturbance event were inspected and all Lebensspuren, ‘traces of life’, were characterized by type (epi- or infauna tracemakers, as well as forming fauna species where possible), along with whether they occurred on undisturbed seafloor or regions disturbed in 1989 or 2015. The results show that epi- and endobenthic Lebensspuren were at least 50% less abundant across both the ploughed and EBS disturbed seafloors. This indicates that even 26 years after disturbance, sediment use by fauna may remain depressed across these areas.
Single-cell lineage tracing with endogenous markers
Authors: Xue Yan , Su Zezhuo , Lin Xinyi , Ho Mun Kay , Yu Ken H. O.
Published: February 2024

Resolving lineage relationships between cells in an organism provides key insights into the fate of individual cells and drives a fundamental understanding of the process of development and disease. A recent rapid increase in experimental and computational advances for detecting naturally occurring somatic nuclear and mitochondrial mutation at single-cell resolution has expanded lineage tracing from model organisms to humans. This review discusses the advantages and challenges of experimental and computational techniques for cell lineage tracing using somatic mutation as endogenous DNA barcodes to decipher the relationships between cells during development and tumour evolution. We outlook the advantages of spatial clonal evolution analysis and single-cell lineage tracing using endogenous genetic markers.
Analysis of clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcome of patients with bilateral testicular germ cell tumors
Authors: Azik Hoffman , Omri Nativ , Kamil Malshy , Miki Haifler , Shay Golan , Roy Mano , Yuval Freifeld , Barak Rosenzweig , Ben Shalom , Yariv Stabholz , Reuven Ben-David , Gilad Amiel E.
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Bilateral testicular germ cell tumor (BGCT) is a rare disease, occasionally considered to be more aggressive than unilateral germ cell tumors (GCT) in some reports. Among BGCT, a synchronous disease might be diagnosed at a higher stage than a metachronous disease, resulting in lower cancer-specific survival. Hence, our study aimed to perform a comparative analysis between unilateral testicular GCT, bilateral synchronous GCT, and bilateral metachronous GCT, aiming to verify the possibility that BGCT is diagnosed with a higher stage and may require more aggressive management.

Material and methods

In our multicenter retrospective study we reviewed medical records of 40 patients with BGCT (24 metachronous and 16 synchronous). Clinical characteristics, pathological features of the primary and secondary tumors, adjuvant treatments (chemotherapy and radiotherapy)and sperm quality were evaluated as well as cancer-specific survival and overall survival. A cohort of one-to-one matched patients with unilateral GCT were used to determine risk factors for developing BGCT.

Results

Patients with BGCT were slightly younger compared to those with unilateral GCT and had more advanced disease. Despite similar T-stage distribution between the two groups, nodal involvement was nearly twofold more frequent in patients with BGCT disease (42% vs 22%, p = 0.056). Additionally, although similar histological subtypes distribution at presentation among the two groups, the synchronous disease was diagnosed with a higher local T-stage (OR = 3.4), higher proportions of patients with elevated serum BHCG levels, and more frequent nodal involvement (OR = 2.2). This was later translated into an 18% higher disease-specific mortality rate. The median time to develop a contralateral tumor was 92 months. Pathological local T-stage (T2–T3) of the primary tumor predicted a shorter time interval to a diagnosis of a second contralateral tumor (HR 0.92, P < 0.05).

Conclusion

BGCT presents at a younger age and potentially with more advanced disease. Synchronous BGCT is diagnosed at a later stage compared to metachronous BGCT and has higher disease-specific mortality. Metachronous tumors might have a long time interval for the development of a contralateral neoplasm. The main predictor of developing an early metachronous disease is a high primary T stage.
In-label, off-label prescription, efficacy and tolerability of dalbavancin: report from a National Registry
Authors: Esposito Silvano , Pagliano Pasquale , De Simone Giuseppe , Guarino Amedeo , Pan Angelo , Brambilla Paola , Mastroianni Claudio , Lichtner Miriam , Brugnaro Pierluigi , Carretta Anna , Santantonio Teresa , Brindicci Gaetano , Carrega Giuliana , Montagnani Francesca , Lapadula Giuseppe , Spolti Anna , Luzzati Roberto , Schiaroli Elisabetta , Scaglione Vittoria , Pallotto Carlo , Tacconi Danilo , Quintieri Francesco , Trecarichi Enrico ,   the Italian Society of Infectious, Tropical Diseases
Published: February 2024

Purpose

Although dalbavancin is currently approved for the treatment of ABSSIs, several studies suggest its efficacy and tolerance as long-term therapy for other off-label indications requiring prolonged intravenous antibiotic administration.

Methods

We conducted a prospective nationwide study of dalbavancin use in real-life settings for both approved and off-label indications analysing for each case the clinical and microbiological characteristics of infection the efficacy and safety of treatments.

Results

During the study period (from December 2018 to July 2021), the ID specialists from 14 different centres enrolled 223 patients treated with dalbavancin [141 males (63%) and 82 females (37%); male/female ratio 1.72; mean age 59 (SD 17.2) years, (range 15–96). Most patients in the study population (136/223; 61.0%) came from community rather than health care facilities and most of them were visited in Infectious Diseases wards (93/223; 41.7%) and clinics (55/223; 24.7%) even though some patients were cured in other settings, such as surgery wards (18/223; 8.1%), orthopaedic wards (11/223; 4.9%), Emergency Rooms (7/223; 3.1%) and non-surgical other than ID wards (6/223; 2.7%). The most common ID diagnoses were osteomyelitis (44 cases/223; 19.7%; of which 29 acute and 15 chronic osteomyelitis), cellulitis (28/223; 12.5%), cutaneous abscess (23/223; 10.3%), orthopaedic prosthesis-associated infection (22/223; 9.9%), surgical site infection (20/223; 9.0%) and septic arthritis (15/223; 6.7%).

Conclusion

In conclusion, by virtue of its PK/PD properties, dalbavancin represents a valuable option to daily in-hospital intravenous or outpatient antimicrobial regimens also for off-label indications requiring a long-term treatment of Gram-positive infections.
Composition design for modified nickel nanopastes containing a low-melting element as additive for pressureless nanojoining
Authors: Sattler Benjamin , Hausner Susann , Rudolph Nick , Wagner Guntram
Published: February 2024

The use of Ni nanopastes for joining applications offers advantages over other methods. However, since it is based on solid-state processes, a pressure must be applied during the joining process, which represents a challenge. To overcome this, a novel concept is presented in this work, which introduces a low-melting additive to the Ni nanopaste. A liquid phase provides the potential to achieve a joint seam formation with both a reduced porosity and better adhesion to the base material without technical pressure during the process. In a comprehensive selection, elements such as Mg, Al, Ge, In, Sn, and Pr are identified as suitable additives. Their properties in binary phase systems with nickel are discussed. A modified Ni nanopaste with Ge as additive was used in promising initial experiments, which is a good starting point for further investigations.
Age-adjusted visceral adiposity index (VAI) is superior to VAI for predicting mortality among US adults: an analysis of the NHANES 2011–2014
Authors: Liu Wenwu , Weng Shuwei , Chen Yang , Cao Chenghui , Peng Daoquan
Published: February 2024

Background

The association of visceral adiposity with mortality in older adults is conflicting. Whether age influences the predicting ability of visceral adiposity (VAI) for mortality remains unknown. This study uncovered the relationship between age-adjusted visceral adiposity index and mortality through the data of NHANES 2011–2014.

Methods

This study obtained data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014. The age-adjusted visceral adiposity index (AVAI) scores were expressed as quartiles. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was also applied to compare the predictive ability for mortality. Multivariate weighted Cox regression models were constructed to explore the association between AVAI and mortality. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were conducted for survival analyses. Smooth curve fittings and two-piecewise linear models were applied to explore the relationships between AVAI and mortality.

Results

This study recruited 4281 subjects aged ≥ 18 years from the NHANES 2011–2014. The AUCs of AVAI were 0.82 (0.79, 0.86) and 0.89 (0.85, 0.92) for predicting all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality, which were superior to BMI, WC and VAI (all p < 0.05). AVAI is still an independent predictor for mortality adjusted for confounders. The associations of AVAI with all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities were dose-responsive, with higher AVAI scores indicating higher mortality risks.

Conclusion

Age significantly improves the ability of VAI for predicting all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Age-adjusted VAI is independently associated with mortality risk, and thus could be considered a reliable parameter for assessing mortality risk.
Predictors of hospital readmission rate in geriatric patients
Authors: Bortolani Arianna , Fantin Francesco , Giani Anna , Zivelonghi Alessandra , Pernice Bruno , Bortolazzi Elena , Urbani Silvia , Zoico Elena , Micciolo Rocco , Zamboni Mauro
Published: February 2024

Background

Hospital readmissions among older adults are associated with progressive functional worsening, increased institutionalization and mortality.

Aim

Identify the main predictors of readmission in older adults.

Methods

We examined readmission predictors in 777 hospitalized subjects (mean age 84.40 ± 6.77 years) assessed with Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA), clinical, anthropometric and biochemical evaluations. Comorbidity burden was estimated by Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Median follow-up was 365 days.

Results

358 patients (46.1%) had a second admission within 365 days of discharge. Estimated probability of having a second admission was 0.119 (95%C.I. 0.095–0.141), 0.158 (95%C.I. 0.131–0.183), and 0.496 (95%C.I. 0.458–0.532) at 21, 30 and 356 days, respectively. Main predictors of readmission at 1 year were length of stay (LOS) > 14 days (p < 0.001), albumin level < 30 g/l (p 0.018), values of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 40 ml/min (p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure < 115 mmHg (p < 0.001), CCI ≥ 6 (p < 0.001), and cardiovascular diagnoses. When the joint effects of selected prognostic variables were accounted for, LOS > 14 days, worse renal function, systolic blood pressure < 115 mmHg, higher comorbidity burden remained independently associated with higher readmission risk.

Discussion

Selected predictors are associated with higher readmission risk, and the relationship evolves with time.

Conclusions

This study highlights the importance of performing an accurate CGA, since defined domains and variables contained in the CGA (i.e., LOS, lower albumin and systolic blood pressure, poor renal function, and greater comorbidity burden), when combined altogether, may offer a valid tool to identify the most fragile patients with clinical and functional impairment enhancing their risk of unplanned early and late readmission.
Disposition of improving quality of life in older adults: the case of Lithuania
Authors: Iždonaitė-Medžiūnienė Inga , Preikšaitienė Laura
Published: February 2024

Background

Quality of life is a phenomenon that recently required lots of concern, especially for older adults, since healthy aging and longevity have become the focus in life. Most research on the quality of life addresses certain issues of older people having special diseases, health problems, and disorders. Our research is based on holistic quality of life empowering multiple areas of life/domains of older adults without addressing their diseases or health disorders.

Aim

Our research aims at evaluating the quality of life of the research participants (older people), addressing their problematic areas and suggestions for better quality of life.

Methods

The conducted research implied mixed methods as quantitative survey and reflection based on interviews. We chose participants from the III age university and the ongoing project “Healthy Aging Program”.

Results

The research results showed the lowest ratings for emotional and physical health and the highest rating for social health. Also, older adults tend to avoid specifying precise measures to improve their quality of life and demonstrate a more conservative stance regarding the implementation of more radical changes in improving water consumption, exercising, meal planning, and enhancing psychosocial well-being.

Conclusions

The overall quality of life rating was lower than the average. Older adults are not sufficiently prepared or educated to make significant changes to develop healthier habits in their quality-of-life improvement, though, they demonstrate concern about their quality of life.
Trends in disability in activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living among Chinese older adults from 2011 to 2018
Authors: Ding Hua , Wang Kun , Li Yanan , Zhao Xinyi
Published: February 2024

Aim

This study aimed to assess the trends in disabilities in activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) among older Chinese adults and explore the influence of multimorbidity and unhealthy behaviors on ADL/IADL disability over time.

Methods

Data were obtained from four waves (2011–2018) of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Disability in ADL/IADL was defined as inability to perform any ADL/IADL task. Latent class analysis was used to identify multimorbidity patterns. The generalized estimating equation was used to test disability trends. Logistic regression was used to investigate the factors influencing disability.

Results

The prevalence of IADL and ADL disability showed significant increasing trends among older Chinese adults from 2011 to 2018 (ptrend < 0.001). The negative association between alcohol intake more than once per month and IADL disability strengthened over time (ptrend < 0.05). The influence of the “arthritis/digestive diseases” pattern, “cardiometabolic disease” pattern and “high multimorbidity” pattern on ADL disability weakened over time (ptrend < 0.05).

Conclusions

The prevalence of IADL and ADL disability among Chinese older adults increased over time. The “arthritis/digestive diseases” pattern, “cardiometabolic disease” pattern and “high multimorbidity” pattern appeared to be less disabling in ADL over time. Improving the prevention and treatment of multimorbidity and developing age-friendly living conditions could be helpful to reduce the risks of disability.
Intrauterine Kontrazeption
Authors: Skala Christine
Published: February 2024

Die intrauterine Kontrazeption bietet eine sofortige und effektive Verhütung über einen langen Zeitraum. Deshalb ist die Akzeptanz sehr hoch. Am häufigsten werden zwei unterschiedliche intrauterine Pessare (IUP) im klinischen Alltag eingesetzt: die kupferhaltigen Spiralen und Ketten sowie levonorgestrelhaltige Systeme. Die Anwendung intrauteriner Pessare erscheint unbedenklich, weil weder für extrauterine Schwangerschaften noch für aufsteigende Infektionen eine Risikosteigerung zu erwarten ist. Auch die Fertilität erscheint nicht beeinträchtigt. Dennoch bleibt die Form der Kontrazeption eine individuelle Entscheidung und muss den Bedürfnissen, aber auch dem Risikoprofil der Patientin angepasst werden. Gerade bei jungen Patientinnen sind Stimmungsschwankungen unter der levonorgestrelhaltigen Spirale möglich. Die Auswirkungen eines langjährigen Einsatzes eines intrauterinen Pessars bei Adoleszentinnen in Bezug auf die Rezeptivität des Endometriums können bislang nicht abgeschätzt werden. Deshalb sollte im Vorfeld eine gründliche Abwägung erfolgen.
Innovative computational tools provide new insights into the polyploid wheat genome
Authors: Chen Yongming , Wang Wenxi , Yang Zhengzhao , Peng Huiru , Ni Zhongfu , Sun Qixin , Guo Weilong
Published: February 2024

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) is an important crop and serves as a significant source of protein and calories for humans, worldwide. Nevertheless, its large and allopolyploid genome poses constraints on genetic improvement. The complex reticulate evolutionary history and the intricacy of genomic resources make the deciphering of the functional genome considerably more challenging. Recently, we have developed a comprehensive list of versatile computational tools with the integration of statistical models for dissecting the polyploid wheat genome. Here, we summarize the methodological innovations and applications of these tools and databases. A series of step-by-step examples illustrates how these tools can be utilized for dissecting wheat germplasm resources and unveiling functional genes associated with important agronomic traits. Furthermore, we outline future perspectives on new advanced tools and databases, taking into consideration the unique features of bread wheat, to accelerate genomic-assisted wheat breeding.
A 4000 Mʘ supermassive star as a possible source for the W1 kilomaser
Authors: Nowak Katarzyna , Krause Martin G. H.
Published: February 2024

Supermassive stars have been proposed as the solution to a number of longstanding problems in globular cluster formation. The hypothetical stars have been suggested as potential polluters responsible for the observed chemical peculiarities within those clusters. In recent hydrodynamic simulations, we have demonstrated that accretion discs around such stars are stable even with large stellar accretion and flyby rates and produce H2O kilomasers. We propose that the W1 kilomaser, associated with a super star cluster in the starburst galaxy NGC 253, may arise in an accretion disc around a supermassive star with a mass of around 4000 Mʘ.
Snapshot of a magnetohydrodynamic disk wind traced with water masers
Authors: Moscadelli Luca , Sanna Alberto , Beuther Henrik , Oliva André , Kuiper Rolf
Published: February 2024

Disk-jet systems are common in astrophysical sources of different nature, from black holes to gaseous giant planets. The disk drives the mass accretion onto a central compact object and the jet ejects material along the disk rotation axis. Magnetohydrodynamic disk winds can provide the link between mass accretion and ejection, which is essential to ensure that the excess angular momentum is removed and accretion can proceed. However, up to now, we have been lacking direct observational proof of disk winds. This work presents a direct view of the velocity field of a disk wind around a forming massive star. Achieving a very high spatial resolution of 0.05 au, our water maser observations trace the velocities of individual streamlines emerging from the disk orbiting the forming star. We find that, at low elevation above the disk midplane, the flow co-rotates with its launch point in the disk, in agreement with magneto-centrifugal acceleration. Beyond the co-rotation point, the flow rises spiraling around the disk rotation axis along a helical magnetic field. We have performed (resistive-radiative-gravito-) magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the formation of a massive star and record the development of a magneto-centrifugally launched jet presenting many properties in agreement with our observations.
A Holistic Search for Megamaser Disks and their Role in Feeding Supermassive Black Holes
Authors: Constantin Anca , Kelahan Cameron , Kuo C. Y. , Braatz J. A.
Published: February 2024

If water megamaser disk activity is intimately related to the circumnuclear activity from accreting supermassive black holes, a thorough understanding of the co-evolution of galaxies with their central black holes should consider the degree to which the maser production correlates with traits of their host galaxies. This contribution presents an investigation of multiwavelength nuclear and host properties of galaxies with and without water megamasers, that reveals a rather narrow multi-dimensional parameter space associated with the megamaser emission. This “goldilocks” region embodies the availability of gas, the degree of dusty obscuration and reprocessing of the central emission, the black hole mass, and the accretion rate, suggesting that the disk megamaser emission in particular is linked to a short-lived phase in the intermediate-mass galaxy evolution, providing new tools for both 1) further constraining the growth process of the incumbent AGN and its host galaxy, and 2) significantly boosting the maser disk detection by efficiently confining the 22 GHz survey parameters.
Investigating the inner circumstellar envelopes of oxygen-rich evolved stars with ALMA observations of high-J SiO masers
Authors: Pimpanuwat B. , A. M. S.  , Richards  , M. D.  , Gray  , S.  , Etoka  , L.  , Decin
Published: February 2024

We highlight a few results from ALMA Band 6 observations of high-rotational transition number (J) SiO masers towards oxygen-rich AGB and red supergiant stars carried out as part of the ATOMIUM Large Programme in 2018–2020. A search for a relationship between mass-loss rates and flux-weighted mean angular distances of maser components was inconclusive, as linear regression models for the 28SiO v=1 J =5–4 and J =6–5 transitions were inconsistent. Supplementary APEX observations towards the ATOMIUM AGB stars also suggest variability at different stellar pulsation phases.
Yamaguchi interferometer survey of protostellar outflows embedded in 70-μm dark infrared dark cloud
Authors: Kitaguchi Keita , Motogi Kazuhito , Fujisawa Kenta , Niinuma Kotaro , Fujiwara Ryotaro
Published: February 2024

Recent ALMA observations detected protostellar outflows in 70-μm dark infrared dark clouds (IRDCs). These sources are candidates for the initial stages of high-mass star formation. We launched a new survey for free-free emission from outflow shocks using the Yamaguchi Interferometer (YI) at 8 GHz. We aim to catalog “proto-high-mass protostar” candidates that are still in the low to intermediate-mass phase. We selected starless-like clumps without any 70-μm point source from Traficante et al. (2015). We currently detected 82 sources from 167 clumps. 37 of them are fainter than 20 mJy (down to a few mJy). They tend to associate with colder and denser clumps that are suitable for star formation. This fact suggests that, at least, some of them trace star-formation activities. The highest-density clumps are, in fact, associated with several masers and molecular outflows. Furthermore, some of them have already shown a signature of ongoing cluster formation.
ATLASGAL: methanol masers at 3 mm
Authors: Yang W. , Gong Y. , Menten K. M. , Wyrowski F. , Urquhart J. S. , Henkel C. , Csengeri T. , Ellingsen S. P. , Bemis A. R. , Jang J.
Published: February 2024

We analyzed the 3 mm wavelength spectral line survey of 408 clumps from the APEX telescope large area survey of the Galaxy, focusing on the methanol maser transitions. The main goals of this study are (1) to search for new methanol masers, (2) to statistically study the relationship between class I masers and shock tracers, (3) to study the properties between methanol masers and their host clumps, also as a function of their evolutionary stages and, (4) to better constrain the physical conditions using multiple co-spatial line pairs.
ALMA observations of the environments of G301.1364-00.2249A
Authors: Assembay Zh. , Komesh T. , Garay G. , Omar A. , Esimbek J. , Alimgazinova N. , Kyzgarina M. , Murat Sh.
Published: February 2024

Context: Theoretical scenarios describe the phenomenon of mass accumulation by high-mass young stellar objects (HMYSOs) through disk accretion. Aims: To find out whether the rotation of the core around hyper-compact (HC) HII regions is common Methods: The molecular core G301.1364-00.2249A was selected as the subject of investigation. Observations were carried out on CH3CN, SO2, H29α radio recombination line and continuum emission. Analysis involved the “Moment 0, 1, 2" and “Population-diagram” methods. Result: The structures of G301.1364-00.2249A exhibited clear definition. CH3CN moment 0 images revealed multiple enhanced emission regions and an absorption area. The moment 1 image depicted a velocity gradient from southeast to northwest. Conclusion: The molecular gas has a rotational motion in the direction from the southeast to northwest. The rotational temperature was measured at 293 K.
Southern Hemisphere Maser Astrometry
Authors: Ellingsen Simon , Reid Mark , Menten Karl , Hyland Lucas , Kumar Jayender , Oroz Gabor , Weston Stuart , Dodson Richard , Rioja Maria
Published: February 2024

Many astrophysical phenomena can only be studied in detail for objects in our galaxy, the Milly Way, but we know much more about the structure of thousands of nearby galaxies than we do about our own Galaxy. Accurate distance measurements in the Milky Way underpin our ability to understand a wide range of astrophysical phenomena and this requires observations from both the northern and southern hemisphere. Our ability to measure accurate parallaxes to southern masers has been hampered a range of factors, in particular the absence of a dedicated, homogeneous VLBI array in the south. We have recently made significant advances in astrometric calibration techniques which allow us to achieve trigonometric parallax accuracies of around 10 micro-arcseconds (μas) for 6.7 GHz methanol masers with a hetrogeneous array of 4 antennas. We outline the details of this new “multiview” technique and present the first trigonometric parallax measurements that utilise this approach.
Discovery of SiO masers in the “Water Fountain” source, IRAS 16552–3050
Authors: Amada Kei , Imai Hiroshi , Hamae Yuhki , Nakashima Keisuke , Shum Ka-Yiu , Tafoya Daniel , Uscanga Lucero , Gómez José F. , Orosz Gabor , Burns Ross A.
Published: February 2024

We report new detections of SiO ν = 1 and ν = 2 J = 1 → 0 masers in the “water fountain” source IRAS 16552-3050, which was observed with the Nobeyama 45 m telescope from March 2021 to April 2023. Water fountains are evolved stars whose H2O maser spectra trace high-velocity outflows of >100 Km s−. This is the second known case of SiO masers in a water fountain, after their prototypical source, W 43A. The line-of-sight velocity of the SiO masers are blue-shifted by ∼25 km s−1 from the systemic velocity. This velocity offset imply that the SiO masers are associated with nozzle structure formed by a jet penetrating the circumstellar envelope, and that new gas blobs of the jet erupted recently. Thus, the SiO masers imply this star to be in a new evolutionary stage.
Exploring galactic and extragalactic masers with LLAMA
Authors: Dominici Tânia P. ,   LLAMA Collaboration
Published: February 2024

LLAMA (Large Latin America Millimeter/submillimeter Array) is a new radio observatory that is being constructed in a collaboration between Argentina and Brazil. It will consist of a 12 meters diameter antenna that is being installed in Alto Chorrillos at 4850 m of altitude, in the Salta province of Argentina. Alto Chorrillos is a high-quality astronomical site similar to Chajnantor (Chile), where ALMA observatory operates. When completed, LLAMA will allow line, continuum and linear polarization observations between 35 and 700 GHz, approximately. For the first light, LLAMA will be equipped with ALMA-like receivers at bands 5 (163 - 211 GHz), 6 (211 - 275 GHz) and 9 (602 - 720 GHz). LLAMA is being planned to be a versatile astronomical facility that will serve the scientific community for the exploration of scientific topics as diverse as the molecular evolution of the Universe, black holes and their accretion disks, astrophysical jets, stellar formation and evolution, the structure of our galaxy and the Sun, planetary atmospheres and extragalactic astronomy. In this work, I will present the LLAMA project and the perspectives for this new astronomical facility in the context of the investigation of galactic and extragalactic masers.
Masers in evolved stars; the Bulge Asymmetries and Dynamical Evolution (BAaDE) Survey
Authors: Sjouwerman Loránt O. , Pihlström Ylva M. , Lewis Megan O. , Bhattacharya Rajorshi , Claussen Mark J ,   BAaDE Collaboration
Published: February 2024

The Bulge Asymmetries and Dynamic Evolution (BAaDE) project attempts to improve our knowledge about the structure and dynamics of the inner Milky Way galaxy by sampling tens of thousands of infrared color-selected evolved stars with circumstellar envelopes (CSEs). The SiO masers in these CSEs yield the object’s line-of-sight velocity instantly and accurately, and together provide a sample of point-mass particles that are complementary to high-mass star formation masers typically found in the Galactic Disk as well as to optical samples that cannot reach into the Galactic Plane and Bulge due to extremely high visual extinction. This presentation introduces the BAaDE survey and highlights current results.
Distance of the Seyfert 2 galaxy IC2560 and the Hubble constant
Authors: Nakai Naomasa , Yamauchi Aya , Yamazaki Madoka , Harada Reo
Published: February 2024

Water vapor maser emission from a Seyfert 2 galaxy IC2560 was observed with sensitive VLBI. The accurate black hole mass was determined by separating the mass of the disk surrounding the black hole. In addition, the distance of the galaxy was directly measured from the maser disk. The Hubble constant determined using the distances and recession velocities of IC2560 and othere megamasers is inconsistent with that determined with CMB by 3–6 km s-1 Mpc-1.
Galactic Maser Astrometry with VERA
Authors: Honma Mareki , Hirota Tomoya , Hachisuka Kazuya , Imai Hiroshi , Kobayashi Hideyuki , Jike Takaaki , Nakagawa Akiharu , Oyama Tomoaki , Sunada Kazuyshi , Sakai Daisuke , Sakai Nobuyuki , Yamauchi Aya
Published: February 2024

VERA has been regularly conducting astrometry of Galactic maser sources for ∼ 20 years, producing more than 100 measurements of parallaxes and proper motions of star-forming regions as well as AGB stars. By combining the observational results obtained by VLBA BeSSeL, EVN, and LBA, maser astrometry provides a unique opportunity to explore the fundamental structure of the Galaxy. Here we present the view of the Galaxy revealed by the maser astrometry, and also discuss the importance of maser astrometry in the era of GAIA by comparing the results obtained by VLBI and GAIA. We also present our view of “proper motions toward the future” of the relevant field, expected in the next decade based on global collaborations.
Multiple scales of view for outflow driven by a high-mass young stellar object, G25.82–W1
Authors: Kim Jungha , Kim Mikyoung , Hirota Tomoya , Choi Minho , Kang Miju , Kim Kee-Tae ,   KaVA working group for star formation
Published: February 2024

We are investigating the extended outflow from G25.82–W1, which is one of the members of the high-mass protocluster G25.82–0.17. The aim is to study the star-forming environment of G25.82–W1. To identify the outflow, we obtained CO 2-1 data using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array.

We have identified several spatial and spectral outflows, including: 1) an extended N1–S1 CO outflow, driven by a high-mass young stellar object (HM-YSO) named G25.82–W1; 2) an elongated SE–NW outflow powered by G25.82–W2; 3) a compact and curved N2–S2 CO outflow originating from G25.82–E; and 4) a pair of knotty lobes centered on G25.82–W.

Furthermore, the innermost region of the N1–S1 CO outflow, traced by the 22 GHz H2O maser, reveals a complex spatial and velocity structure within a 2” from its launching point.

To accurately calculate the properties of the N1–S1 CO outflow, we have utilized an accurate distance measurement of d=4.5 kpc, derived from the annual parallax of the H2O masers. The outflow rate and force are comparable to those observed in outflows from other HM-YSOs. The physical properties of the N1–S1 CO outflow follow a trend connecting the low and high-mass regimes, supporting the idea that the star-forming mode in G25.82–W1 is likely a scaled-up version of low-mass star formation.
A Multiwavelengh study towards Galactic HII region G10.32-0.26
Authors: Kim Mi Kyoung , Hirota Tomoya , Kim Kee-Tae ,   KaVA SFR sub Working Group
Published: February 2024

We present the results of high-resolution continuum and molecular line observations towards the Galactic HII region, G10.32-0.26. The continuum map with ALMA reveals the five cores with masses ranging from 2.5–9.2 Me. The results show that the brightest peak, Peak 1, is an HCHII region with an excitation temperature of : 12000 K, an electron density of 3.4×107 cm3, and a radius of 14 au. The central object is estimated to be a B0.5 star. The class II 6.7 GHz CH3OH maser coincides with Peak 1, implying class II CH3OH maser is associated with a later evolutionary stage of star formation. Using KaVA and KVN observation, we detect the class I 44 and 95 GHz CH3OH masers near the weakest peak, Peak 5. We successfully imaged class I 95 GHz CH3OH masers with VLBI for the first time. In Peak 5, the high-velocity SiO emission also exists. The continuum emission can be modelled with grey-body dust emission with Td∼30 K, and the molecular species are poor near Peak 5, suggesting Peak 5 is in an early stage of star formation.
Prevalence and Assessment of Internet Gaming Disorder in Psychiatric Outpatient Treatment
Authors: Mikusky David , Gahr Maximilian , Abler Birgit
Published: February 2024

Abstract: Aim: While Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) in the general population has a prevalence of 0.6-3.5 %, its frequency and relevance among clinical samples remains unclear. The present investigation aims at assessing the prevalence of IGD in an adult sample in a German psychiatric outpatient clinic and to identify potential predictors that could be helpful for screening for IGD. Methods: We performed a naturalistic retrospective study on data collected via a self-report survey including the Ten Item Internet Gaming Disorder Test (IGDT10). Problematic gaming was defined as either reaching the proposed IGDT10 cut-off for IGD or “gamer at risk” or having self-reported problems and negative consequences related to gaming. Age, gender, comorbid diagnoses and response patterns in the IGDT10 were analyzed. Results: 299 outpatients participated in the survey, with 54 % confirming engagement in gaming. 2.0 % (n=6) of the participants fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for IGD and almost all of these (n=5) gave a self-report of problems related to gaming. 5.0 % of the participants met our wider definition of problematic gaming (n=15; 13 male; mean age= 25.3 years). Conclusion: The prevalence of IGD-affected patients resembled results found in epidemiological studies in the general population. Analyses suggest that for an effective screening assessment, particularly questions regarding subjective impairment related to gaming patterns could be helpful.
Psychische Gesundheit der Kindergartenkinder und Krisenintervention durch Elementarpädagog_innen während der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Pfitscher Gernot , Wenter Anna , Sevecke Kathrin , und Barbara Juen , Exenberger Silvia
Published: February 2024

Zusammenfassung: Die Tiroler COVID-19 Kinderstudie untersuchte die psychische Gesundheit der Nord- und Südtiroler Kindergartenkinder während der COVID-19-Pandemie aus der Sicht von Eltern und Elementarpädagog_innen. Diese Teilstudie wurde im Mixed-Methods Design durchgeführt. In einer quantitativen Online-Befragung wurden 743 Nord- und Südtiroler Eltern zu drei Messzeitpunkten (Sommer 2020, 2021, 2022) zu internalisierenden und externalisierenden Problemen (CBCL 1,5 – 5) sowie zu den Traumasymptomen (CATS-C-D 3 – 6) ihrer Kindergartenkinder befragt. Im Frühling 2021 wurden 19 Nordtiroler Elementarpädagoginnen in Fokusgruppen zu Veränderungen der Kinder und dem Umgang der Pädagoginnen mit der Krisensituation befragt. Im Sommer 2021 und 2022 berichteten Eltern mehr psychische Belastung der Kinder als im Sommer 2020. Die Thematische Analyse ergab drei Veränderungskategorien (Warnsignale, Sehnsüchte/Bedürfnisse, positive Outcomes) sowie fünf den Kriseninterventionsprinzipien von Hobfoll et al. (2007 ) entsprechende Kategorien von Bewältigungsstrategien der Pädagoginnen. Die Elementarpädagog_innen können einen wertvollen Beitrag zur psychischen Gesundheit von Kindern in Krisensituationen leisten indem sie Warnsignale erkennen, auf Sehnsüchte der Kinder eingehen und positive Outcomes fördern.
Characterizing Subsurface Oxygen Variability in the California Current System (CCS) and Its Links to Water Mass Distribution
Authors: Schultz Cristina , Dunne John P. , Liu Xiao , Drenkard Elizabeth , Carter Brendan
Published: February 2024

The california current system (CCS) supports a wide array of ecosystem services with hypoxia historically occurring in near‐bottom waters. Limited open ocean data coverage hinders the mechanistic understanding of CCS oxygen variability. By comparing three different models with varying horizontal resolutions, we found that dissolved oxygen (DO) anomalies in the CCS are propagated from shallower coastal areas to the deeper open ocean, where they are advected at a density and velocity consistent with basin‐scale circulation. Since DO decreases have been linked to water mass redistribution in the CCS, we conduct a water mass analysis on two of the models and on biogeochemical Argo floats that sampled multiple seasonal cycles. We found that high variability in biogeochemical variables (DO and nutrients) seen in regions of low variability of temperature and salinity could be linked to water mass mixing, as some of the water masses considered had higher gradients in biogeochemical variables compared to physical variables. Additional DO observations are needed, therefore, to further understand circulation changes in the CCS. We suggest that increased DO sampling north of 35˚N and near the shelf break would benefit model initialization and skill assessment, as well as allow for better assessment of the role of equatorial waters in driving DO in the northern CCS.