bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insecticidal, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity and elemental analysis of Cochlospermum religiosum (L.) Alston (Bixaceae)
Authors: Swathi B.G. , Smruthi B.S. , Saima B , Prashith Kekuda T.R.
Published: September 2024

Objectives: Cochlospermum religiosum (L.) Alston is one of the extensively used medicinal plant belonging to the family Bixaceae. In the present study, we determined antimicrobial, antioxidant, and insecticidal activity and elemental analysis of C. religiosum flowers.
Methods: Shade dried and powdered flower material was extracted by maceration process using methanol. Antibacterial activity of flower extract was determined by agar well diffusion assay against gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Antifungal activity was tested against two molds namely Rhizopus sp. and Curvularia sp. by poisoned food technique. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH free radical scavenging and ABTS free radical scavenging assays and ferric reducing assay. Insecticidal activity was assessed in terms of larvicidal activity against I, II and III instar larvae of Aedes species and Anopheles species. Elemental analysis was carried out to estimate the content of major and minor elements.
Results: The flower extract was effective in inhibiting all test bacteria. Overall, the flower extract was effective against gram positive bacteria to higher extent when compared to gram negative bacteria. Flower extract showed dose dependent scavenging of DPPH and ABTS radicals with an EC50 value of 2.72 and 1.50µg/ml, respectively. In ferric reducing assay, an increase in the absorbance with increase in concentration indicated reducing potential of flower extract. At 1mg/ml concentration, the flower extract caused 100% mortality of I, II and III instar larvae of Aedes species and Anopheles species. The flower was shown to contain potassium and iron in highest quantity among major and minor elements, respectively while magnesium and chromium content was least among major and minor elements, respectively.
Conclusions: The results are promising and the study highlights the possible utilization of the C. religiosum flowers against pathogenic microorganisms and oxidative stress and to manage mosquito-borne diseases. The flower can be used as a food supplement as it is shown to contain various mineral elements that are required.
Key words: Cochlospermum religiosum, Maceration, Agar well diffusion assay, DPPH, ABTS, Ferric reducing
A review on natural and synthetic polymers employed in the formulation of oral disintegrating tablets
Authors: Madhulika G.S.S.V. , Ramya Kuber B.
Published: September 2024

The oral route is the most popular route of administration for numerous drugs because it is considered as a safest, most preferred and less economical. Disintegrating agents are the substances that disperse or dissolve within a matter of seconds. This disintegrating mechanism helps in dysphagia, pediatric and geriatric patients. Synthetic disintegrating agents are available as a highly economical and less effective when compared to natural disintegrating agents. Therefore natural disintegrants serve as the best alternative to overcome the problems of these synthetic substances. Due to their numerous advantages over synthetic products they are widely used in the pharmaceutical field as a binder, disintegrants, gums, and mucilages.
Keywords: Disintegrants, dysphagia, synthetic substances.
Formulation and Development OF BCS Class II Drug
Authors: Marapur S C , Jat Rakesh Kumar , Patil J S
Published: September 2024

The aim of this research was to develop and evaluate liquisolid compacts of Voriconazole a BCS class II drug. The series of formulations containing Voriconazole drug were formulated by using aerosil a colloidal silicone dioxide and avicel PH microcrystalline cellulose in different ratios by using suitable solvent. Solubility studies were performed in propylene glycol and polyethylene glycol (PEG-200, 400, 600) for the choice of the best non volatile liquid to dissolve Voriconazole. On the basis of the solubility data PEG 600 was chosen as a good solvent for the Voriconazole. Voriconazole was dissolved in solvent PEG 600 for the preparation of solution of drug. Formulated compacts were evaluated for all post compression parameters and the in-vitro drug release study was carried out. All the formulations have shown a very good drug release in  15 min except compressibility problems due to higher loading factor of liquid vehicle for the formulations. The selected formulation FV10 containing 30% of drug solution has  shown good drug release of 100.2.% in 15  min compared to dissolution of  pure drug and marketed tablet which shown 58.5.5%  and 70..6 % respectively.No interactions were found  between drug and polymers in FITR as well as DSC. XRD of selected formulation shows that drug present in the formulation is in amorphous form.
Keywords: Voriconazole HCl, Avicel PH, Aerosil 200, Poly-Ethylene Glycol 600, liquisolid compacts.
Formulation and Evaluation of Buccoadhesive Drug Delivery System for Lovastatin
Authors: THENGE RAJU RAMESH , Mahajan S. S. , Mahajan N. M. , Adhao V.S. , Ajmire P. V.
Published: September 2024

Lovastatin, a hyperlipedemic agent used in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, has poor bioavailability ( less than 5%) due to the first pass metabolism and thus the dosing frequency is more, as a result of which several side effects occurred with the current dosage form. The present study aimed to formulate and evaluate buccoadhesive tablets of Lovastatin using mucoadhesive polymer such as Carbopol 934P, Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (K4M, K100M) and sodium CMC. The different formulations of buccoadhesive tablet of Lovastatin were prepared by direct compression method and characterized for physicochemical parameters such as thickness, content uniformity, weight variation, hardness, and friability test. The swelling index, % matrix erosion, surface pH, bioadhesive strength, bioadhesive time and in-vitro drug release are also carried out which has been important aspect for success of buccoadhesive tablets. The FTIR study was carried out for drug and polymer compatibility.  All the formulation showed satisfactory tablet properties. Formulation (F5) containing Carbopol 934P and HPMC K4M in the ratio of (1:1) showed good bioadhesive strength and maximum drug release of 95.80% in 8 hours. The surface pH of all tablets was found to be satisfactory, close to buccal pH, hence no irritation would observe with these tablets. FTIR studies showed no evidence of interaction between drug and polymers.
Keywords: Buccoadhesive tablets, Lovastatin, FTIR, Carbopol 934P, in-vitro drug release
Comparative analysis of some commonly consumed allergic food materials
Authors: PAUL MOUMITA , BAG SUBARNA , DUTTAGUPTA SOUMILI , Bhattacharya Malavika
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Food allergy is turning out to be one of the vital causes of death in all countries irrespective of the socio-economic status of the people. The extent of mortality from food allergens has increased several folds in the last decade. This has brought research on food allergy and its causative properties to the front. Human beings have the natural power to fight with an allergen, ranging from viruses to food. But in the case of immune-compromise or some other defects in the immune system, individuals can react against some food allergic component(s). Various studies have indicated that cereal or grain particles are more allergic materials than fruits or vegetables.
 
Objective
This study was carried out with the main objective of understanding the variations in various biochemical parameters of a few foods commonly consumed and known to elicit allergic reactions.
 
Methods
In this study, a few food materials known to elicit allergic reactions in some individuals were selected and comparative analysis (qualitative and quantitative) was performed in an attempt to understand the basis of their differential responses.
 
Results
The studies indicated difference in various biochemical parameters and anti-oxidative properties between equivalent quantities of the food samples.
 
Conclusion
Our study has revealed differential levels of nutrient contents and anti-oxidative properties between equivalent quantities of the samples of allergic food materials. These findings can be used for further research on the underlying mechanisms of their action.
Keywords: Food allergy, Biochemical attributes, Non-communicable diseases, Dietary habits, Nutrition
Review on Suchikabarana Rasa
Authors: Sreelakshmi K , Kadibagil Vinay R , Sangameshwara VK , Anjali D
Published: September 2024

Effect of Chikista (treatment) is depend upon many factors like Aushadha (formulations), Aushadha Marga (route of drug administration). Selection of Aushadha Marga (route of drug administration) depend many factors like Aushadha Kalpana (dosage forms), Roga Avastha (condition of disease). Aushadhi (formulation) which is used in Athyayika Avastha (emergency conditions) like Murcha (unconsciousness), Sarpa Dhamsa (snake bite) should be more potent. In Ayurvedic classics different Aushadha Marga (route of drug administration) are mentioned. Suchikabarana Rasa is one of the formulations mentioned for subcutaneous route in Sarpa Dhamsa (snake bite). It is prepared by Sthavara Visha (plant or mineral poison) and Jangama Visha (animal poison) which is more effective in small dose. Visha Dravya (poison drugs) act quick and effective in small dose because of their Guna (property).
Ayurveda and Modern Correlation of Some Infectious Diseases: A Literary Review
Authors: Jain Ashutosh Kumar , Jain Jinesh Kumar , Diwedi O. P.
Published: September 2024

Charak the ancient Acharya of traditional medical practice described Doshavikriti and Agantuj as major factors responsible for disease prevalence. Doshavikriti is internal factors related to Dosha vitiation and Agantuj is external factor which involve role of contaminated water, food, microbes and trauma in diseases occurrence. Ayurveda text mentioned Kustha , Jwara, Shosha and Netrabhishyanda as diseases which spreads one to another through direct or indirect contact. The Prasnaga, Gatra Sansparsha, eating & sleeping together, sharing cloths & ornaments are some mode of transmission of infectious diseases. There are significant correlations between ayurveda and modern literature available on infectious diseases. However some descriptions on specific diseases mentioned in ayurveda text differ from modern text up to some extent. Therefore it is required to present modern and ayurveda aspects of infectious diseases, considering same present article summarizes correlation between ayurveda and modern text on some infectious diseases.
Keywords: Ayurveda, Infectious Diseases, Contagious Diseases, Microorganism, Krimi.
New spectrophotometric techniques for the estimation of osimertinib mesylate in tablet dosage form
Authors: Talluri Chakradhar , Mondal Sumanta , Biswal Sabyasachi
Published: September 2024

Osimertinib Mesylate is used for a treatment of non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Whereas only few simple, precise and accurate spectrophotometric methods were developed for the determination of Osimertinib Mesylate (tagrisso) in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The absorption maxima was found to be at 267 nm in method A (0.1N HCl) and shows linearity over the concentration range of 0.002-0.02 µg/mL with regression equation y=0.4323x + 0.0104 (r2 = 0.9992). In Method B (Sodium acetate buffer, pH 4.5) the drug obeys Beer Lambert’s law (λmax267nm) in the concentration range of 0.002-0.02 µg/mL with regression equation y=0.484x-0.017(r2= 0.9992). In Method C (phosphate  buffer, pH 7.2) the drug obeys Beer Lambert’s law (λmax267nm) in the concentration range of 0.002-0.02 µg/mL with regression equation y=0.2949x+0.0108(r2= 0.9992) In Method D (Methanol ) the drug obeys Beer Lambert’s law (λmax267nm) in the concentration range of 0.002-0.02 µg/mL with regression equation y=0.6323x+0.003 (r2= 0.999). 1st derivative spectrophotometric method (E, F, G and H) were developed in 0.1NHCl and Sodium acetate pH 4.5 and phosphate buffer pH 7.2 and methanol in which Osimertinib Mesylate obeys Beer Lambert’s law 0.002-0.02 µg/mL and 0.002-0.02 µg/mL and 0.002-0.02 µg/mL and 0.002-0.02 µg/mL with regression equations y=0.0259x + 0.0008 and y=0.0137x - 0.0005 and y=0.0097x-0.0008 and y=0.0087-0.0007 respectively. The proposed spectrophotometric method was validated as per the ICH guidelines and can be applied for the determination of Osimertinib Mesylate in pharmaceutical formulations. Osimertinib Mesylate, Derivative spectroscopy, Spectrophometry, Validation, Tagrisso.
Keywords: Tagrisso, Osimertinib Mesylate, Derivative spectroscopy, Spectrophometry, Validation.
Preparation and evaluation of sulfamethoxazole solid dispersion employing starch citrate-a new solubility enhancer
Authors: Santosh Kumar Rada , Kumari Annu
Published: September 2024

Sulfamethoxazole used widely as a broad spectrum antibiotic. However, its solubility and dissolution rate is very low due to poor solubility in water. Solid dispersion technique was selected for the current research to improve solubility and drug absorption from of Sulfamethoxazole. A new solubility enhancer starch citrate was selected prepared and characterized for its solubility, viscosity, swelling index, gelling property, particle size, etc. Prepared Sulfamethoxazole solid dispersion was evaluated for drug content and in vitro dissolution.
Keywords: Sulfamethoxazole, Starch citrate, Solid dispersion & In vitro study.
Ayurvedic management of Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura - A Case Study
Authors: Agrawal Dr. Shriti , Bhakuni Harish , Joshi Ram Kishor
Published: September 2024

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura is characterised by immunologic destruction of  platelets and normal or increased megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. On the basis of clinical presentation , Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura is classified into acute and chronic  forms  in which severe bleeding, or insidious with slow development with mild or no symptoms occcurs. According to Ayurvedic classics ITP can be correlated with Tiryaga Raktapitta as in this disease all the Dosas are vitiated and are circulating in the blood stream and manifested subcutaneously. The present case study was dealt with, the chronic form of disease, to check the bleeding and to stop the destruction of platelets. In this case an effort was made to treat a 35 years old female patient having symptoms - blackish patches in forehead and in both lower legs, bleeding from nose and excessive bleeding during menses since 3 years  treated with Giloya and Durwa swarasa, Ojaswani churna, Shatavari Churna, Akik Pishti, Shudha Sphatika and Aamlaki Churna in BD dose in combination  with normal water in oral form for 7 months. After 7 months of treatment patient got much improvement in symptoms with increase in platelets counts.
DALK (MASSAGE): AN EFFECTIVE MODE OF TREATMENT FOR MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS
Authors: Bashir Fouzia , Akhtar Jamal
Published: September 2024

In Unani system of medicine, there are four modes of treatment; Ilaj Bil Ghiza (Dietotherapy), Ilaj Bid Dawa (Pharmacotherapy), Ilaj Bit Tadbeer (Regimenal therapy) and Ilaj Bil Yad (Surgery). Ilaj bit Tadbeer includes a number of regimenal therapies such as Hijāma (cupping), Ta‘līq al-‘Alaq (leeching), Fasd (venesection), Dalk (massage), Natūl (irrigation), Qay’ (Emesis), Idrār-i-Bawl (Diuresis), Tariq (Diaphoresis), Mundij and Mu'shil therapy (Concoction and purgation), Bukhoor (medicated steam), Kaiyy (cauterization), Huqna (enema) etc. It has been extensively used for its preventive, therapeutic and rehabilitative purposes since ancient times. It causes elimination of morbid matter out of the body, thus helps in maintaining the equilibrium of humours. It has been advised in management of neurological, psychosomatic and musculoskeletal disorders. Various clinical trials have established its efficacy in musculoskeletal disorders on scientific parameters. This review paper aims to explore the basic concept, classification and its therapeutic importance in musculoskeletal disorders.
Liposomes encapsulating cyclodextrin enclosed hydrophobic anti-cancer drugs: a novel drug delivery system for cancer.
Authors: Jani Dr. Rupalben Kaushalkumar , Pandya Mansi , Rathod Hemali
Published: September 2024

In the current situation in the health care industry is to face many challenges to cure the cancer. The second highest death were noticed by the cancer in society. Therefore, the efficient treatment is required. There many treatmentsare available to cure the cancer but not found much efficient.  The advance development in the hydrophobic drug in the form of water-soluble drug cyclodextrin complex in liposomes has been investigated. This new investigation in to the complex in liposomes play key role in combination of the cyclodextrin and liposomes in the one common system. Such system would potentially increase the drug to lipid mass ratio. In comparison to conventional treatment this ratio is high therefore it enlarges the range of insoluble drug amenable to encapsulation to include, allow targeting, of complexes to specific sites and reduce toxicity, for instance and membrane destabilizing agents. This extensive review explores the novel drug delivery for the cancer treatment.
Keywords: Liposomes, cyclodextrin, anti-cancer, novel drug delivery system
Phytochemical Analysis of Gymnema Complex from Maharashtra
Authors: Rahangdale Savita Sanjaykumar
Published: September 2024

Plants are the major source of drugs comprising to different groups such as anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, antispasmodics, anti-microbial, etc. A number of plants are claimed to possess anti-diabetic properties in the traditional systems and extensively used by tribal people as well as local inhabitants. Out of these ‘Gud-mar’/ ‘Gulmar’ is one of the groups. Ethnobotanical data revealed that, Gymnemasylvestre (Retz.) R.Br. ex Sm., Gymnema cuspidatum (Thunb.) Kuntze, Gymnema latifoliumWall. ex Wight, Gymnema inodorum (Lour.) Decne.,Gymnema montanum Hook. f. and Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.) W.T. Aiton are called Gulmar and used as anti-diabetic plantsin Maharashtra. Therefore, phytochemical screening was carried out using standard experimental procedures in dry leaf powder of Gymnema sylvestre, G.cuspidatum, G.latifolium and Ichnocarpus frutescens. This study scientifically validates the use of these plants in traditional medicines and the phytochemical data is helpful for standardization of indigenous drug.
Formulation design, development and characterization of dexibuprofen emulgel for topical delivery: In-vitro and In-vivo evaluation
Authors: Mahajan Vijay Rajaram , Basarkar Ganesh Dinkar
Published: September 2024

Emulgels have emerged as a promising drug delivery system for the delivery of hydrophobic drugs. The objective of the study was to prepare emulgel of Dexibuprofen, a NSAID, using Carbapol 940 as a gelling agent. Clove oil and Mentha oil were used as penetration enhancers. The emulsion was prepared and it was added in gel base. The formulations were evaluated for rheological studies, spreading coefficient studies, bioadhesion strength, skin irritation studies, in vitro release, ex vivo release studies, anti-inflammatory activity and analgesic activity. Formulation showed comparable analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity when they compared with marketed diclofenac sodium gel. So, it can be concluded that topical emulgel of Dexibuprofen possess an effective anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity.
Keywords: Emulgel, Dexibuprofen, Topical Drug Delivery, bioavailability, NSAIDs
Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti Parkinsonism Activity of Betaine in Experimental Rats
Authors: Masule Milind V. , Shinde Sachin D. , Kurkute Sujata S. , Salve Balu
Published: September 2024

Aim and Objectives: The present study was aimed to evaluate anti parkinsonium effect of Betaine for its Applications in trigger factors in pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease and to understand development of new treatments approaches for PD. Betaine is naturally obtained product. It has antioxidant, neuroprotective activity. Hence, we inspected whether betaine can act as a protective agent in 6-OHDA induced oxidative stress on cerebellum of Sprague-Dawleyrats.
Material and Methods Thirty-six adult Sprague-Dawley rats were dived into six groups. Rats were received unilateral 6- hydroxydopamine lesions for induction except normal and rats were treated with respective treatment. At the day of 21 rats were sacrificed. Prepared brain homogenate was used for further Biochemical estimation.
Result: Betaine showed marked rise in SOD and Catalase activity as well as GSH content subsequently decreasing in the lipid peroxidation process. Our result suggests Betaine to be potent antioxidant at dose 12.5 and 25 mg/kg as compared to standard (L-dopa+Benserazide) and pro-inflammatory cytokines viz: TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were significantly reversed by Betaine as compared to that of standard group (L-dopa+ Benserazide).
Discussion and Conclusion: Betaine showed dose dependent effect by reducing LPO level as increasing SOD, GSH and Catalase activity and marked reduced proinflammatory cytokine, hence we conclude that betaine has good anti parkinsonism activity.
Keywords: 6-OHDA, Antioxidant, Betaine, Pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Evaluation of the poly herbal drug: Keelvayu Nivarana Churnam
Authors: G Vijayabaskar , V ELANGO
Published: September 2024

Siddha Medicine is regaining its lost glory throughout the World. For the universal acceptations of Siddha medicine we should standardize by scientific validation at various levels. Herbals have been an important source of medicine with qualities for thousands of years.  Phytochemicals are the active principles of the herbal drug. Keelvayu nivarana churnam is one of the poly herbal drugs used for Arthritis. In this study we carried out powder microscopy for identification of the ingredient medicinal plants.  We studied Physicochemical parameters like appearance, pH, total ash, loss on drying; water soluble extractive, alcohol soluble extractive, bulk density and tap density are evaluated.  In Phyotochemical screening the presence or absence of alkaloids, flavanoides, tannins, proteins, sterols, carbohydrates, glycosides, terpenoides, saponins and starch. We did Gas chromatography and Mass spectroscopy (GC-MS/MS) for the identification of bioactive compounds of Keelvayu nivarana churnam. These findings support the therapeutic value of Keelvayu nivarana churnam in Arthritis.
Keywords: Arthritis; Keelvayu nivarana churnam; Powder Microscopy; Physicochemistry and Phytochemistry; Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS).
Synthesis of some new 1,3,5-trisubstituted pyrazoles as antioxidant and antiinflammatory agents
Authors: Arora Pragi , Dua Jagdeep , Singh Jitender
Published: September 2024

A series of some new 1,3,5-trisubstituted pyrazoles was synthesized by the reaction of α-β dibromochalcones with phenylhydrazine hydrochloride. α-β-Dibromochalcones were prepared by the regioselective bromination of respective chalcones with tetrabutylammonium tribromide. The synthesized trisubstituted pyrazoles were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
Keywords: α-β-Dibromochalcones, 1,3,5-Trisubstituted pyrazoles, Tetrabutylammonium tribromide, Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities
THE Formulation and In-vitro evaluation of press coated tablets of pravastatin for pulsatile drug delivery
Authors: PRIYA PITTU VISHNU , Sharma JVC , Archana G. , Arshi Hasan , Singh M. Arjun , Nikhila V.
Published: September 2024

The aim of present study is to formulate and evaluate Pravastatin pulsatile drug delivery system by press coated method to mimic the circadian rhythm of the disease by releasing the drug with a distinct predetermined lag time of 6 hrs. The basic design of the system consists of a rapid release core and controlled release coat. Core blend was evaluated for flow properties, hardness, thickness, friability and invitro drug release. Invitro drug release studies of press coated tablets for various formulations i.e., P1F6-P5F6 was conducted. From the results obtained by executed trails P5F6 of coated tablet containing 50% of ethyl cellulose and 20% of HPMC K15M concentration shows lag time up to 6hr and followed by complete drug release at the end of 8hr. Among these, P5F6 was considered as optimized formulation based on the lag time and percent of drug release (98.96% of drug release in 6 hrs). So, it is selected as optimized formulations for designing pulsatile device. 
Keywords: Pravastatin, SSG, lycoat, ethyl cellulose, HPMC K15M, pulsatile drug delivery, Press coated method.
New spectrophotometric techniques for the estimation of Perphenazine in bulk drug form
Authors: Mondal Sumanta , Rohith Kumar Chekka , Sai Pavan T , Sampath K , Vanapalli Goutham Kumar
Published: September 2024

Perphenazine is an atypical antipsychotic drug.  The simple and accurate and precise absorption ratio method has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of Perphenazine in the pure drug form. The absorption maxima were found to be 310nm in Method A (0.1N HCl Buffer) and show linearity over the concentration range of 0.002-0.02 µg/mL with regression equation y=0.5372x-0.0099(r2 = 0.9990). In Method B (Sodium acetate buffer, pH 4.5) the drug obeys Beer Lambert’s law (λmax 310nm) in the concentration range of 0.002-0.02 µg/mL with regression equation y=0.4257x - 0.0084(r2= 0.9992). In Method C (Phosphate buffer, pH 6.8) the drug obeys Beer Lambert’s law (λmax 310nm) in the concentration range of 0.002-0.02 µg/mL with regression equation y=0.482x - 0.0074(r2= 0.9991). In Method D (phosphate buffer, pH 7.2) the drug obeys Beer Lambert’s law (λmax 310nm) in the concentration range of 0.002-0.02 µg/mL with regression equation y=0.3686x - 0.0055(r2= 0.9992). In Method E (0.1N NaOH Buffer) and shows linearity over the concentration range of 0.002-0.02 µg/mL with regression equation y=0.4864x-0.0081(r2 = 0.999). In Method F (Methanol) the drug obeys Beer Lambert’s law (λmax 300nm) in the concentration range of 0.002-0.02 µg/mL with regression equation y=0.6323x - 0.003(r2= 0.999). In Method G (Ethanol ) the drug obeys Beer Lambert’s law (λmax 300nm) in the concentration range of 0.002-0.02 µg/mL with regression equation y=0.3686x - 0.0055(r2= 0.9991).   First derivative spectrophotometric methods (A1, B1, C1, D1, E1, F1 and G1) were developed in 0.1NHCl and Sodium acetate pH 4.5 and phosphate buffer, in pH 6.8 and phosphate buffer, pH 7.2, 0.1N NaOH Buffer, which Perphenazine obeys Beer Lambert’s law(λmax310nm) in the concentration range of 0.002-0.02 µg/mL and  0.002-0.02 µg/mL and    0.002-0.02 µg/mL  and 0.002-0.02 µg/mL and0.002-0.02 µg/mL  with regression equations y=0.0357x - 0.0006 and y=0.0201x+0.0004 and y=0.0196x-0.0002 and y=0.0162x+0.0002  and y=0.0239x - 0.0002  and Perphenazine obeys Beer Lambert’s law(λmax300nm) for methanol and ethanol in the concentration range of 0.002-0.02 µg/mL and  0.002-0.02 µg/mL  with regression equations y=0.0423x-0.0003 and y=0.0371x+0.0003 respectively.
Fabrication of Gelatin/Karaya gum blend microspheres for the controlled release of Distigmine bromide
Authors: Sreekanth Reddy O. , Subha M.C.S. , Jithendra T. , Madhavi C. , Chowdoji Rao K.
Published: September 2024

This paper reports the fabrication of gelatin/karaya gum microspheres by emulsion crosslinking method for controlled release of distigmine bromide. The microspheres were crosslinked with the help of glutaraldehyde and used for controlled oral delivery of distigmine bromide. The obtained microspheres were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Drug release kinetics of the microspheres is investigated in simulated intestinal fluid pH 7.4 at 37oC. Results illustrated that microspheres was influenced by the pH of test mediums, which might be suitable for intestinal drug delivery. The drug release kinetics was analyzed by evaluating the release data using different kinetic models.
Keywords: Karaya Gum, Gelatin, microspheres, drug delivery.
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological activities of 2-Amino-3-Methyl pyridine New Dithiocarbamate metal complexes
Authors: Khajavali S. , Jayaraju A. , Sreeramulu J.
Published: September 2024

Dithiocarbamates are a class of sulfur-based metal-chelating compounds with various applications in medicine. A new series of new transition metal [Cu(II), and Ni(II)] complexes of dithiocarbamates were synthesized from 2-Amino-3-Methyl pyridine and Carbon disulfide and further characterized. The investigation of these complexes confirmed that the stability of metal–ligands coordination through, S&S,N atoms as bidendate chelates.. It is necessary to understand the binding properties in developing new potential Protein targeting against neurological disorders.
Keywords:2-Amino-3-Methylpyridine,MetalComplexes,Dithiocarbamates,neurological disorders.
RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation for the Simultaneous Estimation of Gabapentin and Amitriptyline Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms
Authors: Vhanmane Amol , Tamboli Ashpak , More Sunil
Published: September 2024

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Ganotherapy
Authors: Sonar Shivani , Gondkar Sheetal , Saudagar Ravindranath B
Published: September 2024

Ganotherapy is simply consisting of five steps used to explain how ganoderma supports the body which in turn to overcome its health problems by itself. The five steps are Scanning, Detoxification, Regulation, Building and Regenerating. Ganoderma must be consumed according to ganotherapy procedure; this ensures maximum benefits in health and wellness. Ganotherapy is based on consuming ganoderma based products RG/GL i.e. Reishi Gand and Ganocelium which are a 90 days and 18 day sold red mushroom called Ganoderma lucidum. Ganoderma provides wide range of nutraceuticals as it contains at least 400 nutrients. Ganoderma works on body and not on the disease promoting natural immune system helps in balancing the body and in turn the body treats itself for wide range of health problems. Thus ganotherapy takes holistic approach to alternative complementary medicines. The core belief of ganotherapy is “Our body is the best doctor” and “Prevention is better than cure”.
Keywords: Ganotherapy, Ganoderma lucidum, Red mushroom, Reishi gand, Ganocelium
Liquid Filled Hard Gelatin Capsule
Authors: Sonar Shivani , Gondkar Sheetal , Saudagar Ravindranath B
Published: September 2024

Novel dosage forms emerges more and more in recent years. One of them is liquid-filled hard gelatin capsules, which have gelatin or the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as capsule shell. The liquid-filled hard gelatin capsule is gradually getting attention because of its new-concept dosage form design, which bring liquid drugs by solid form. The paper mostly presents application, pharmaceutical manufacturing, quality assessment, vision of liquid-filled hard gelatin capsules and emphases on the application and pharmaceutical manufacturing of liquid-filled capsule. It is recommended that the capsule is suitable for many liquid or semi-solid natural plant extract and achieve different release profiles. The preparation adopted liquid-filled hard capsules technology. The impact factors concluded property of shell and device of filling. The quality was frequently evaluated by moisture content of capsule shell, dissolution rate. At the same time, it was pointed out that the new dosage form has remarkable marketing prospect and bring profits for enterprises.
Keywords: Liquid filled capsule, Capsule Shell, Gelatin, HPMC, Dissolution rate.
Formulation and Evaluation of Extended Release Floating Matrix Tablet of Eperisone Hydrochloride by Direct Compression Method
Authors: Ekta , , Jain Priyanshi , Jain Shailesh , Khan Mohammed Azaz
Published: September 2024

Increased complications and costs of marketing of innovative drugs focused greater attention to the development of sustained release (SR) or controlled release (CR) drug delivery systems. Delivery systems extended release or controlled release rate can achieve predictable and reproducible, the extended duration of activity for the short time of life - drugs, reduced toxicity and dose reduction request, the optimized therapy and better patient compliance. It is controlled primarily by the type and the proportion of the polymers used in the preparation. Eperisone hydrochloride is a centrally acting muscle relaxant acting through poly and mono-synaptic reflexes in the spinal cord, exhibits vasodilator effect, increases blood flow and inhibits the pain reflex pathway. The objective of present work was to develop and evaluated oral extended release floating matrix tablet of eperisone HCl prepared by the method of direct compression, using hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC K15, HPMC K4) and PVP K30 as matrix formation polymers. Sodium bicarbonate and citric acid was used as gas generating agents. The FTIR spectra of the eperisone HCl and other excipients alone and in combination show the compatibility of the drug and excipients. Nine formulations of different polymer percentages were formulated (F1-F9). Pre-compression parameters were evaluated. The influence of matrix forming agents and binary mixtures of them on eperisone HCl release was investigated. The formulated tablets were characterized by thickness and diameter, drug content, hardness, friability, uniformity of weight, In vitro buoyancy studies and dissolution rate studies. The formulated tablets had acceptable physicochemical characters. The data obtained from the in-vitro dissolution studies of optimized batch F7 were fitted in different models. The optimized formulation F7 showed 99.45±0.45% drug content and floating lag times of 65±4 sec. Drug release mechanism was found to be first order kinetics. Eperisone HCl floating tablets exhibited increased gastric residence time, there by improved bioavailability and therapeutic effect of the drug.
Keywords: Sustained release, Eperisone hydrochloride, Direct compression, Pre and post compression parameters
Evaluation of Biochemical and Haematological Responses of Common Carp (Labeo rohita) after treatment with medicinal herb Curcuma cassia
Authors: Mallik Ahmed Reyaz , Shammi Qaiser Jehan , Telang Sanjay
Published: September 2024

Curcumas are the unimaginable world of hidden gingers, which get its name from some of the varieties because they bear their flowers on short stalks amid its foliage. Curcuma cassia is a perennial monocot herb with fleshy rhizomes. The present study deals with the use of medicinal plant Curcuma cassia in fish diet to study the biochemical and haematological profile on Labeo rohita a common fish. The plant was extracted and processed for decoction method. The extract obtained was then mixed with 0.5 kg salt (NaCl) and 1.0 kg fish feed powder in the ratio 10:1. Required amount of sterilized water was mixed to make it paste. Haematological and biochemical studies were done after administering the extracts for 30days. Based on the results it is appropriate to conclude that the plant extract of Curcuma cassia incorporated in fish diet may improve the biochemical and haematological profile in blood of fish Labeo rohita. It was observed that the herbal diet fed fishes exhibited significant increase in RBC, WBC, serum protein and globulin and also maintained hepatics disorder enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP) which may be considered as a sign of improvement in health status. It may be due to the presence active components i.e. carbohydrates, proteins, glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids. Phytochemicals in herbs may act as a potent gradient in improving the health of fishes as well as human beings.
Keywords: Labeo rohita, Curcuma cassia, Biochemical, Haematological profile, Fish
Formulation of Fish Feed Using Medicinal Herb Curcuma Amada and Its Biochemical and Haematological Changes in Labeo Rohita
Authors: Mallik Ahmed Reyaz , Shammi Qaiser Jehan , Telang Sanjay
Published: September 2024

A characteristic feature of fish is the wide physiological range of blood parameters and also the large individual variations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the haematological profile and biochemical profile of fish Labeo rohita. The blood parameters viz., total WBC and RBC count, Hb, MCV, MCH and MCHC values were analyzed using standard methods. The differences found in this study can be attributed to the feeding behaviour, life style and adaptation of the different fish species to the habitat in which they dwell. Curcuma amada Roxb is commonly known as mango ginger. It is a perennial, rhizomatous, aromatic herb belonging to the family Zingiberaceae. The ranges of serum biochemistry vary from species to species and can be influenced by many biotic and abiotic factors such as water temperature, seasonal pattern, food, age and sex of the fish. The present study deals with the use of medicinal plant Curcuma amada in fish diet to study the biochemical and haematological profile on Labeo rohita a common fish. The plant was extracted and processed for decoction method. The extract obtained was then mixed with 0.5 kg salt (NaCl) and 1.0 kg fish feed powder in the ratio 10:1. Based on the results it is appropriate to conclude that the plant extract of Curcuma amada incorporated in fish diet may improve the biochemical and haematological profile in blood of fish Labeo rohita. It was observed that the herbal diet fed fishes exhibited significant increase in RBC, WBC, serum protein and globulin and also maintained hepatics disorder enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP) which may be considered as a sign of improvement in health status. It may be due to the presence active components i.e. carbohydrates, proteins, glycosides, alkaloids, flavanoids). Providing quality fish feed became a prime aim of every aquaculturist. Though fish feed devours around 50% of the production cost, yet it plays the pivotal role in the production and yield outcome.
Isolation and Screening of Actinomycetes producing Antibacterial compounds from different river sediments
Authors: Abbas Sahil , Gautam Girendra , Gautam Pawan Kumar
Published: September 2024

The history of antibacterial begins with the observations of Pasteur and Joubert, who discovered that one type of bacteria could prevent the growth of another. They did not know at that time that the reason one bacterium failed to grow was that the other bacterium was producing an antibiotic. Of course, in today's common usage, the term antibiotic is used to refer to almost any drug that attempts to rid your body of a bacterial infection. The past researches indicated that huge number of antibiotics was produced by Gram +ve ike bacteria known as Actinomycetes. So we can say that among all microbes more than 50% of the known antimicrobial compounds were produced by Actinomycetes only.  In our study isolation and screening of Actinomycetes was performed by using different river sediments. Soil samples was collected from river Godaveri and Krishna and   stored in the U.V. and alcohol sterilized Poly bags. Soil samples was serially diluted up to 10-6 and 1 ml from each dilution was plated on different isolation media like starch Casein agar, Albumin media and YMA media, consisting of antifungal agent Nystatin 50 µg/ ml, by pour plate technique. The plates were incubated at different temperature ranges 18 0C to 28 0C upto 7-14 days. Determination of antibacterial activities of pure actinomycetes cultures of S1, S2, S3 and S4 were performed by using streak -plate method. Mueller hinton agar plates will prepared and inoculated with actinomycetes cultures by a single streak of inoculums in the center of the Petri dish and will incubated at 270C for 4 days. Later, the plates will seeded with test organisms by a single streak at a 900 angle to actinomycetes strains. Antagonism was measured by the determination of the size of the inhibition zone. The antibacterial activity of compound was   tested against different gram +ve and Gram –ve by the standard disc diffusion method and cup plate method. Standard streptomycin was used for comparison of the antibacterial activity.
Formulation and evaluation of Emulgel containing Coriandrum sativum seeds oil for Anti-inflammatory activity
Authors: Mohite Shraddha , Salunkhe Anuradha
Published: September 2024

The present work deals with the formulation and evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity containing Coriandrum sativum seeds oil. The major component of Coriandrum sativum seed oil is linalool (60-70%) and this linalool content is suitable for anti-inflammatory activity. Our main purpose is to treat inflammation at faster rate with minimum side effects. During formulation and development of any new dosage form the foremost common perplexity featured from hydrophobic behavior of medication that ultimately results in poor water solubility and bioavailability issues. Such types of problems are overcome by incorporating Coriandrum sativum seeds oil emulsion into gel base as 1:1 proportion to obtained a emulgel. Emulsion was prepared by using 32 factorial design in which peppermint oil and span 20 were selected as two factors. The emulgel was prepared by incorporating optimized batch of emulsion (F9 batch ) into gel base as 1:1 proportion and evaluated for their physical examination, pH, viscosity, extrudability, swelling index, drug content, In-vitro diffusion study, In- vivo anti-inflammatory study and stability study.
Keywords: Anti-inflammatory activity, Coriandrum sativum, Emulgel, Linalool, O/W type emulsion.
Pharmacognostical and Phytophysicochemical investigations of Trigonella foenum – graecum Linn
Authors: Thorat R. M. , Gaikwad D.D.
Published: September 2024

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), plant is distributed throughout the world and which belongs to the family Fabacecae. The fenugreek seed contains active constituents such as Carbohydrates, Proteins, Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Free amino acids, Saponins, Glycosides, Vitamins, Minerals, Mucilage, Fixed Oils & Volatile Oils etc. It has been commonly used as a traditional food and medicine. Fenugreek is known to have hypoglycemic, and hypocholesterolaemic effects, Anti-inflammatory effects. Fenugreek has potential for curing diseases and also as a source for preparing raw materials of pharmaceutical industry like in steroidal hormones. This review gives view mainly on the Morphological evaluation, Microscopic evaluation, Physicochemical evaluation, Fluorescence Analysis and Phytochemical  evaluation.
Keywords:  Trigonella Foenum-groecum L., Seeds, Fabacecae, Saponins.
Development and validation of RP-HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of metformin hydrochloride and glipizide in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form
Authors: Bagadane Snehal Bapusaheb , Jadhav Prerana B.
Published: September 2024

A simple, accurate, economical and precise reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method has been developed for simultaneous estimation of Metformin hydrochloride and Glipizide in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. The separation  of Metformin hydrochloride and Glipizide was achieved by  using Cosmosil C 18 (250 mm × 4.6 ID, particle size-5 micron) column as stationary phase with  the mobile phase comprising of methanol and water (60:40 ,pH 3 adjusted with ortho-phosphoric acid) in an isocratic mode and flow rate of 0.8 ml/min with UV detection at 226 nm. The retention time of Metformin hydrochloride and Glipizide were found to be 4.159 min and 5.571 min respectively. The proposed method was validated according to ICH guidelines for the parameters like linearity, accuracy, precision, percent recovery, robustness, ruggedness, limit of detection and limit of quantitation. The % RSD is found to be less than 2 % and the tailing factor for both the drugs are found to be less than 2. The number of therotical plates for Metformin hydrochloride and Glipizide were found to be more than 2000.All validation parameters were within the acceptable range. The developed method was successfully applied for the estimation of Metformin hydrochloride and Glipizide in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms.
Keywords: Metformin hydrochloride, Glipizide, RP-HPLC, Validation, Simultaneous estimation, ICH guidelines.
Pharmacognostical and preliminary phytochemical investigation of Equisetum debile Roxb.
Authors: Sharma Preksha , Mohanty J. P. , Ghosh Pallab , Sharma Chandrika , Subba Bhupen
Published: September 2024

Herbal medicines are increasingly gaining popularity as they possess minimal or no side effects therefore, authentication of the crude drugs are necessary to ensure that the herbal drugs so obtained are safe and of optimal quality. In the present study, various pharmacognostical parameters such as organoleptic evaluation, macroscopic evaluation, microscopic evaluation, physico chemical evaluation (moisture content, loss on drying, ash values, extractive values), and phytochemical evaluation were conducted for the plant E. debile Roxb. (Equisetaceae). Pharmacognostic evaluation helps to identify the commercial varieties, substitutes, adulterants and any other quality control parameter of the drugs. It is a simple and reliable tool, by which complete information of the crude drugs can be obtained (WHO 1998). Pharmacognostical evaluation helps to establish the authenticity of the drugs, it also helps to differentiate the drugs from other species and it also helps to detect any form of adulteration.
Keywords: Equisetum debile Roxb., pharmacognostical, organoleptic evaluation, phytochemical analysis.
Drug Utilization Study and Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting among Patients Using Anticoagulants in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
Authors: Alzubaidi Nafaa , Sharma Manju , Abdulmalik Watheeq , Habib Anwar , Alhalmi Abdulsalam
Published: September 2024

Drug utilization (DU) is systematic regulatory approach designed to identify diversity of drugs use and to evaluate the rational use of medicines in population. Anticoagulants are drugs used to avoid thrombus extension and embolic consequences with associated risks related to their administration. Objectives: The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the drug prescription pattern of anticoagulants, observe and report drug interactions and adverse drug reactions among patients using anticoagulants. Method: Utilization of anticoagulant drugs was evaluated in 50 patients from 4 wards (dialysis, medicine, orthopedic and intensive-care unit) of a tertiary care teaching hospital in a cross-sectional, prospective study conducted for 4 months i.e. from 1st January 2018 to 30th April 2018. Results: LMWH (enoxaparin) was the maximum preferred parenteral anticoagulant prescribed to 31 % of patients as prophylaxis for deep vein thrombosis followed by heparin. 14(28%) of total population were administered combination therapy and 36 (72%) patients received only one anticoagulant drug during hospitalization. The most prescribed drug combination was enoxaparin+warfarin followed by enoxaparin+acenocoumarol. For discharge medicines, 14 patients were prescribed oral anticoagulants; 9 (64.3%) patients were prescribed with warfarin and the remaining 5 (35.7%) patients were given acenocoumarol. 28(56%) patient’s laboratory tests were evaluated for parameters like prothrombine time (PT) and international normalized ratio (INR). In the remaining 22(44%) patients, the above tests were not performed. Sixteen drug interactions were identi­fied, ten were pharmacodynamics and the rest six were pharmacokinetic interac­tions. Three adverse drug reactions were reported during the study. The need for dosage adjustment in differ­ent diagnostic situations or specific populations is very crucial. Conclusion: The therapy with these drugs needs to be cost effective and reduce the complications associated with their use.
Keywords:  Anticoagulants, Drug utilization evaluation, Drug interactions.