bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of route of anesthesia on maternal and fetal ischemia modified albumin levels at cesarean section: a prospective randomized study
Authors: Caglar Gamze Sinem , Erdogdu Perihan , Gursoy Aslı Yarcı , Şeker Rabia , Demirtas Selda
Published: February 2021

Objective: Ischemia modified albumin has been shown to increase in ischemic situations, and has also been shown to increase in fetal cord blood in deliveries by cesarean section. The aim of this study is to reveal whether anesthesia has an impact on maternal and fetal cord ischemia modified albumin levels.

Methods: Seventy two women with uncomplicated term pregnancies were randomized to spinal (n=37) or general anesthesia (n=35) groups. The blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and pulse rate of the patients were recorded during the procedure. Maternal blood samples of ischemia modified albumin (IMA) were taken 10 min from the start of the procedure. The fetal cord blood samples of IMA were taken immediately after birth.

Results: Maternal (0.99±0.19 vs. 0.80±0.27) and fetal (1.00±0.21 vs. 0.70±0.26) IMA levels were significantly higher in the general anesthesia group. Fetal IMA levels were positively correlated with maternal gravidity (r=0.31; P=0.008), parity (r=0.25; P=0.028), and fetal birth weight (r=0.23, P=0.045). Also, as time from incision to delivery lengthens, fetal IMA levels increase (r=0.29, P=0.012).

Conclusion: Fetal cord ischemia modified albumin levels were higher in the general anesthesia group, therefore, it is proposed that regional anesthesia should be the preferred route of anesthesia for an elective cesarean section, at least until the impact of high fetal cord IMA levels are manifested.
The Spinozan-Wolffian Philosophy? Mendelssohn’s
Philosophical Dialogues
of 1755
Authors: Dyck Corey W.
Published: February 2021

Mendelssohn’s Philosophische Gespräche (Philosophical Dialogues), first published in 1755, represents his first philosophical work in German and rather surprisingly for a debut, in the first two dialogues of that work Mendelssohn attempts nothing less than a defense of the legacy of the most controversial philosopher of his day, Benedict de Spinoza. In this paper, I attempt to enlarge the context, and if possible to raise the stakes, of Mendelssohn’s discussion in order to bring out what I take to be a much more ambitious project on Mendelssohn’s part, namely, not only the rehabilitation of a fellow Jewish thinker but also the rehabilitation of metaphysics as such by means of a thorough accounting of the Spinozan elements in the Wolffian philosophy. As I will show, framing the project of the Gespräche too narrowly is responsible for obscuring much of what I take to be most original and insightful in Mendelssohn’s use and interpretation of Wolff’s thought, as well as his ultimate purpose in resolving what he regarded as an ongoing crisis in metaphysics that is responsible to no small extent for its widespread neglect.
A rare type of benefactive construction: Evidence from Enets
Authors: Khanina Olesya , Shluinsky Andrey
Published: February 2021

Together with other Northern Samoyedic languages, Enets shows a crosslinguistically unusual way of expressing benefactive semantics. The Enets benefactive construction consists of a specific “destinative” affix that marks the presence of a beneficiary in a given clause and of a possessive affix that marks the beneficiary itself. Both affixes are attached to one of the verb's arguments. This makes the beneficiary encoded as an adnominal dependent of the verb's argument.

This paper has two goals. Firstly, a detailed description of the Enets benefactive construction is provided, including its morphology, morphosyntax, and peculiarities of the differential object marking. Secondly, we aim to establish crosslinguistic parallels with the Enets benefactive construction. While phenomena with similar semantic features have been attested in the world's languages, we show that the Enets construction demonstrates a unique set of semantic and morphosyntactic properties.
„Es erhebt sich Vater gegen Sohn, Sohn gegen Vater, Bruder gegen Bruder, Verwandte gegen Verwandte“
Authors: Hess Hendrik
Published: February 2021

Gregory of Tours’s oeuvre is one of the few testimonies of the Merovingian Early Middle Ages. The paper illustrates that the experience of contingency and the attempt to overcome it during a time of civil war were the situation in which the ‚Libri historiarum decem‘ originated. Among other things, this becomes apparent in the composition of the ten books. Furthermore, the Merovingian kingship is a recurring motive of the text. The paper illustrates how genealogy, which can be used to conceal disruptions and discontinuities, was instrumentalized to serve as legitimation.
State hoops
Authors: Ali Borzooei Rajab , Aaly Kologani Mona , Zahiri Omid
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we define the notions of a state ⊔-hoop and a state-morphism ⊔-hoop extending the language of hoop by adding a unary operator and investigate some properties of them. Also, we extend state ⊔-hoop to state hoop and study the relation between state hoops and state BL-algebras, MV-algebras and BCK-algebras.
Additivity of maps preserving productsAP±PA*onC*-algebras
Authors: Taghavi Ali , Darvish Vahid , Rohi Hamid
Published: February 2021

Let 𝒜 and ℬ be two primeC*-algebras. In this paper, we investigate the additivity of map Φ from 𝒜 onto ℬ that are bijective unital and satisfiesΦ(AP+λPA∗)=Φ(A)Φ(P)+λΦ(P)Φ(A)∗,$$\Phi(AP+\lambda PA^{*})=\Phi(A)\Phi(P)+\lambda \Phi(P)\Phi(A)^{*}, $$for allA∊ 𝒜 andP∊ {P1,I𝒜−P1} whereP1is a nontrivial projection in 𝒜 andλ∊ {−1, +1}. Then, Φ is *-additive.
Fashion as an Institutional System
Authors: Heritier Paolo
Published: February 2021

The analysis of the relationship between fashion and institutions could represent a new approach in the theoretical analysis of fashion. This article is an attempt to show how, from an analysis of Simmel, Lotman, Volli and Legendre and a semiotic-juridical perspective, the topic of fashion can be linked to an anthropological-juridical perspective and a juridical conception of fashion as a normative institution. Juridical knowledge appears to be essential for the anthropological understanding of the phenomenon of fashion and too many studies have forgotten the contribution of the juridical sciences to the theoretical configuration of the question. From a complex historical-juridical analysis of the notion of Corpus Iuris (Kantorowicz) emerges the value of the medieval notion of corpus mysticum as a fictional body, referring to a political context that is both liturgical and ritual. The reference to this idea thus passes from the Corpus Iuris Civilis of medieval canonical law to the modern aesthetic signification (fictional and iconic) of the notion of the political body, referring to the modern state, which is still to be found on the well-known frontispiece of Hobbes’ book the Leviathan and then to the fictional and stylised bodies of the models in a fashion show. Following the theories of Legendre, the conclusion of this article suggests to reintroduce the secularised juridical and theological lexis for the aesthetic relationship between the natural body and the fictitious body, seen as a mystical and political body, considered present in the practices of dressing and twentieth-century fashion. Fashion is one of the forms through which, in mobilising desire, the human being constructs that “second body”, fictitious, represented, parallel to the real body, which is constitutive of the subjective and collective identity of a society. This body is fashioned under the ritualised and institutionalised form of the garment that hides the body, concealing its animality, which gives access to a collective fictitious reality, of which, we could add, all the products of the semiosphere, including the juridical institutions, are formed.
The Language of Clothing and the Law
Authors: Carpi Daniela
Published: February 2021

Elizabeth I’s portraits span more than 40 years of her reign: during this time her courtiers commissioned paintings that developed both her own image and a complex set of symbols that transmitted her power. These paintings, together with other iconological representations of her sovereignty, embody her personal way to advertise her own power and keep her subjects within the fascination of her figure. By commissioning portraits of the Queen her courtiers both expressed their loyalty to her and helped to develop the wide range of emblems and visual devices through which her propaganda could be promulgated. The analysis of the symbols interwoven with the dresses which enwrapped the Queen in her portraits conveys both the social situation of the period and Elizabeth’s will to impose her figure as divine so as to stress her legitimacy to the throne. The problem of power, legitimacy and legality are all intertwined in the dresses: the yarn that is spun by the painter’s brush represents the rules that keep society together. It symbolises the legal system with all its paraphernalia and anticipates an awareness for those in power to advertise their image which typifies our age. The fundamental function of clothing in making or unmaking a person’s status within society is often used in Renaissance plays. In many passages of Shakespeare’s The Taming of the Shrew, for example, clothing is clearly connected to authority and it becomes the central device in the taming process itself.
The Law of Dress in Lord of the Flies
Authors: Watt Gary
Published: February 2021

Instead of reading William Golding’s Lord of the Flies in standard terms of the boys’ descent from clothing to nakedness, or in terms of truth disguised in false appearance, this paper reads the novel in terms of the constancy of dress. The form of the dress may change from clothes to painted masks, but the fundamental fact of dress remains. The boys’ relationship to rules can be read in a similar way. Instead of reading their story in terms of descent from law and order to lawlessness and disorder, it is read in terms of the on-going presence of rules of some sort. The form of the rules changes, but the essential fact of government by rules remains. It is argued that dress and law are constant in the novel and that Golding is warning us, through the parallel performance of law and dress, that we should suspect that external indicators of civilization are hollow; that we should be cynical about all systems of norms established by society and look, instead, to be saved by individual insight and self-sacrifice.
Characteristics of wipe sampling methods for antineoplastic drugs in North America: comparison of six providers
Authors: Chabut Claire , Bussières Jean-François
Published: February 2021

Objectives

Several societies have published guidelines to limit the occupational exposure of workers. Several of these guidelines recommend periodic (once or twice a year) environmental monitoring of specific sites where antineoplastic drugs are prepared and administered. However, most of the guidelines provide no guidance concerning which antineoplastic drugs should be monitored, the preferred sampling sites, appropriate test methods or limits of detection. The aim of this study was to characterize providers that quantify antineoplastic drug measured on surfaces.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. To identify service providers offering environmental monitoring tests, we searched the PubMed database and used the Google search engine. We contacted each service provider by email between June 3rd and June 15th, 2020. We specified the objective of our study and described the information needed and the variables of interest with standardized questions. Additional questions were sent by emails or via teleconferences. No statistical analyses were performed.

Results

We identified six providers offering services to Canadian hospitals, either based in Canada or in the United States. Five of these providers were private companies and one was a public organization. Each service provider was able to measure trace contamination of 3–17 antineoplastic drugs. Five of the providers quantified drugs using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MSMS), which allowed for lower LODs. The sixth provider offered quantification by immunoassay, which has higher LODs, but offers near real-time results; the surface area to be sampled with this method was also smaller than with UPLC-MSMS. The services offered varied among the service providers. The information about LODs supplied by each provider was often insufficient and the units were not standardized. A cost per drug quantified could not be obtained, because of variability in the scenarios involved (e.g. drug selection to be quantified, number of samples, nondisclosure of ancillary costs). Four of the six service providers were unable to report LOQ values.

Conclusions

Few data are available from Canadian service providers concerning the characteristics of wipe sampling methods for antineoplastics. This study identified six north-American providers. Their characteristics were very heterogeneous. Criteria to consider when choosing a provider include the validation of their analytical method, a low limit of detection, the choice of drugs to be quantified and the sites to be sampled, obtaining details about the method and understanding its limits, and price. This should be part of a structured multidisciplinary approach in each center.
A Structural Approach to Estimate Short-Term and Long-Term Country Default Risk from Market Data: The Case of Argentina 2000/2001
Authors: Maltritz Dominik
Published: February 2021

We apply a structural pricing model to bond market data in order to estimate the default risk for Argentina in 2000/2001. The model explicitly considers short-term and long-term debt service payments and their dependencies by employing compound option theory. In this way, it is possible to take into account both the empirically observed dependency between the term structure of bond spreads and the default risk as well as the finding that the ratio of short-term to long-term debt is of special importance for default risk. The model parameters are estimated using Duan’s (1994) time series-based maximum likelihood approach.
Identifying Adj + N compounds in Modern Standard Arabic
Authors: Altakhaineh Abdel Rahman Mitib
Published: February 2021

The study aims to identify Adj+N compounds in Modern Standard Arabic by applying the cross-linguistic criteria for compoundhood discussed in the relevant literature. The analysis reveals that the most reliable cross-linguistic criteria to distinguish between phrases and compounds in MSA are adjacency, referentiality, compositionality and the presence of inflection. Another language-specific criterion, i.e. adjacency and the order of elements, which has asserted its validity, has been suggested to distinguish between the two types of construct. I have also shown that all cases of Adj+N compounding in MSA are bahuvrihis, since they denote a person in possession of the entity denoted by the compound. Similar to Fassi Fehri (“Arabic modifying adjectives and DP structures” 1999), I argue that the output of Adj+N compounding behaves more like a noun than an adjective. I propose that Adj+N compounds have a silent N head, i.e. ‘one/person’, which determines the syntactic category of such constructions in Modern Standard Arabic (cf. Günther [“The rich, the poor, the obvious: Arguing for an ellipsis analysis of ‘adjectives used as nouns’”, to appear) for a similar analysis of nominalized adjectives in English).
An important source of preanalytical error in medical laboratories: centrifugation
Authors: Sonmez Cigdem , Gümüş Alper , Senes Mehmet , Aykal Guzin , Taneli Fatma , Aksungar Fehime , Avci Esin , Coskun Cihan , Çınaroğlu İpek , Colak Ayfer , Eker Pinar , Güçel Funda , Haklıgor Aylin , Bercik Inal Berrin , Orhan Bagnu , Yılmaz Canan
Published: February 2021

Centrifugation separates particles within the specimen according to their shape, dimensions, and density and basically can be defined as a separation method. The centrifuge is an essential device in medical laboratories to prepare the serum, plasma, and urine samples for analysis. It is basically an electric device composed of the stationary (motor) and the motile (rotor) part. The centrifugation depends on two main variables: relative centrifugal force (RCF) and centrifugation time. The physical impact separating the specimen into its components in the centrifuge known as RCF is expressed as the multiples of gravitational acceleration (×g). RPM, defined as the number of rotations of the centrifuge per minute, shows the speed of the centrifuge. RCF value can be calculated by using RPM, and the centrifuge radius. Because models and sizes of centrifuges vary considerably, the use of gravity (g) forces instead of RPM is suggested. The centrifuges can be classified according to their usage, speed, technical specifications, and rotor type. An accurate and precise centrifugation process is essential to prevent errors in the preanalytical phase. The purpose of this document is to ensure the standardization of a good, precise protocol for the centrifugation process among the medical laboratories.
The Ignition of Two Phase Detonation by a Branching Detonation Tube
Authors: Xiong Cha , Qiu Hua , Lu Qinwei
Published: February 2021

A branching tube is available to deliver sufficient energy to directly initiate a detonation wave. But sustaining the detonation wave through a branching tube is a challenge. In this study, a preliminary exploration about a branching pulsed detonation engine with a gas-liquid mixture was carried out to evaluate filling conditions on detonation initiation. Two detonation tubes were connected by three different schemes, such as Tail-Tail, Tail-Mid, and Tail-Head. Experimental results showed only end-head connected tubes can be ignited by the branching tube, which is quite different from the results using gas fuels or pre-evaporated liquid fuel. Liquid fuel distribution is crucial for successful detonation traveling through the branching tube.
Biblical Jubilee Laws in Light of Neo-Babylonian and Achaemenid Period Contracts
Authors: Russell Stephen C.
Published: February 2021

Wissenschaftler, die die biblischen Bestimmungen zum Sabbat- und Jobeljahr in Levitikus 25 behandeln, konnten zeigen, wie das Kapitel gesetzliche Traditionen, die sich jetzt in den Büchern Exodus und Deuteronomium befinden – Sabbatjahr und Freilassung – und gesetzliche Konzepte aus dem altorientalischen Kontext – besonders der Schuldenerlass, aber auch grundlegende Vorstellungen von Eigentum – weiterentwickelte, um eine beeindruckend originelle Vision einer nachhaltigen landwirtschaftlich geprägten Gesellschaft zu schaffen, die sich auf der Idee der Verwandtschaft gründet. Ich führe diese unsichere Entwicklungslinie in diesem Artikel fort, indem ich ein landwirtschaftliches Konzept untersuche, das in Levitikus 25 und in Verträgen der neu-babylonischen und achämenidischen Zeit auftaucht: langfristige, landwirtschaftliche Anleihen, die durch die Schulden eines Grundbesitzers erforderlich wurden. Nach rechtlichen und administrativen Aufzeichnungen entstand dieses Konzept im Rahmen des Vertragsrechts als Antwort auf Verschiebungen des Landbesitzes im 6.–4. Jhd. v. u. Z. In früheren Epochen hatte es sich noch nicht voll ausgeprägt. Auf diese Weise bestätigen die Analogien mit dem Alten Orient, die ich hier darlege, die Ansicht, dass Levitikus 25 ein später, nachexilischer Text ist. Ich unterbreite weiter, dass ein Teil der Genialität von Levitikus 25 darin liegt, wie der Text ein Konzept aus dem Vertragsrecht nahm und es zu Rechtsordnungen weiterentwickelte.
Structural systematics of RSn(S 2CN
R′ R″) 2Cl
compounds
Authors: Abdul Muthalib Amirah Faizah , Baba Ibrahim , Khaledi Hamid , Mohd Ali Hapipah , Tiekink Edward R. T.
Published: February 2021

Three new organotin(IV) structures of general formula RSn(S 2CN
R′ R″) 2Cl, where
R′ ≠ R″, namely MeSn
· [S 2CN(Me)(Cy)] 2Cl ( 1), MeSn[S
2CN( i-Pr)(CH 2Ph)] 2Cl (
2) and PhSn[S 2CN(Et)( i-Pr)]
2Cl ( 3) are described. Each structure features tin
in a distorted octahedral geometry defined by a C ClS
4donor set as a result of two chelating dithiocarbamate ligands.
In all cases the tin-bound carbon and chloride atoms are cis.
The shorter Sn–S bond lengths in 3are correlated with the
presence of the relatively more electronegative Sn-bound phenyl substituent. The
new structures conform to the structural motif adopted by all other compounds
with the formula RSn(S 2CN R′
R″) 2Cl, where R′
= R″, suggesting the unsymmetrical substitution pattern
of the dithiocarbamate ligands in the present study does not influence the
adoption of this structural motif. The homogeneity in the structural motif
notwithstanding, non-systematic variations in geometric parameters are found in
these structures indicating an overall influence of crystal packing upon
molecular geometry.
A preliminary orienting procedure for single crystals, using the Weissenberg camera
Authors: Starkky John
Published: February 2021

Auszug

Ein Verfahren wird beschrieben, mit dem aus einer Weissenberg-Aufnahme ohne Schichtlinienblende die Orientierung eines Kristalls gegenüber dem Goniometerkopf, auf dem der Kristall befestigt ist, bestimmt werden kann. Die Aufnahme wird mittels dafür konstruierter Diagramme gedeutet; die Konstruktion der Diagramme und ihre Anwendung werden diskutiert. Die Kristallorientierung ist in stereographischer Projektion dargestellt; daraus lassen sich die Korrekturen, die nötig sind, um eine beliebige Kristallrichtung in die Kammerachse zu bringen, ablesen.

Das Verfahren ist nur anwendbar, wenn indizierte Weissenberg-Aufnahmen des Materials vorliegen. Es ist besonders nützlich, wenn mehrere Exemplare des gleichen oder ähnlichen Materials untersucht werden.
The crystal and molecular structure of bis(hydrazine)zinc bis(hydrazincarboxylate-N',O)
Authors: Ferrari A. , Braibanti A. , Bigliardi G. , Lanfredi A. M.
Published: February 2021

Auszug

Die Kristall- und die Molekületruktur von Zn(N2H4)2(H2Nʹ-NH · COO)2 wurde bestimmt. Die Kristalle bestehen aus einzelnen Molekülen, die durch Wasserstoffbindungen miteinander verknüpft sind. Jedes Molekül ist ein oktaedrisches Chelat. Die sechs Ecken des Koordinations-Oktaeders sind besetzt von zwei Stickstoffatomen des Hydrazin-Moleküle sowie von je zwei Stickstoff- und Sauerstoffatomen der Hydrazincarboxyl-Gruppe. Die Abstände der Zinkatome von den sie umgebenden Atomen sind: Zn-O = 2,05 Å, Zn-Ν = 2,25 Å und 2,17 Å. Die Abstände der Stickstoffatome sind 1,46 A im Hydrazin- Molekül und 1,39 A in der Hydrazincarboxyl-Gruppe. Die Atome N, C und beide O der Gruppe -NH · COO- liegen in einer Ebene mit den C-O-Abständen 1,30 Å und 1,25 Å, entsprechend den Abständen in der Carbonsäure und deren Verbindungen.
The unit cell and space group of gadolinium molybdate and of scandium tungstate
Authors: Bernstein J. L.
Published: February 2021

Auszug

Gd2(MoO4);, hat die Gitterkonstanten a = 10,396 ± 0,006 Å, C = 10,697 ± 0,004 Å. Wahrscheinlichste Raumgruppen sind P4/mbm-D5
4h Ρ4/mbm-C2
4v oder P4b2-D7
2d Sc2(WO4)3 ist rhombisch, pseudotetragonal, mit a = 9,596 ± 0,004, b = 13,330 ± 0,003 und c = 9,512 ± 0,004 Å; Raumgruppe ist Pnca-D14
2h
A phase transition in potassium chromium sulphate alum at low temperature
Authors: Rat Gouri , Ray Siddhartha
Published: February 2021

Auszug

Die Phasenumwandlung von Kaliumchromalaun wurde bei 192,5° Κ röntgenographisch untersucht. Aus dem Untersuchungsergebnis geht hervor, daß die Umwandlungstemperatur mit der des ferroelektrischen Curie-Punkts übereinstimmt. Unterhalb dieser Temperatur wird die Struktur rhomboedrisch mit α = 88° und fast der gleichen Gitterkonstanten α = 12,2 Å wie bei der kubischen Modifikation.
Education, Perceptions, and Delivery: Factors Shaping the Perceived Role in the Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Care Continuum Among a Sample of Osteopathic Medical Students
Authors: O'Neil Andrew M. , Meyers Hunter J. , DeBoy Kyle R. , Stowe Mollie , Hamrick Justin , Giano Zachary , Hubach Randolph D.
Published: March 2021

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake has been suboptimal despite its demonstrated efficacy in reducing the risk of HIV acquisition. Medical education is one distal determinant that shapes medical providers’ perceived role in the PrEP care continuum. However, there is limited understanding of how osteopathic medical students and those wanting to practice in rural areas perceive their role in the PrEP care continuum in the domains of PrEP awareness, uptake, and adherence and retention. Twenty-one semistructured interviews were conducted (March 2019–April 2020) to assess what shapes osteopathic medical students’ perceived role in the PrEP care continuum. Participants noted a lack of adequate sexual health training, personal perceptions concerning PrEP use, and ambiguity concerning which of the medical specialties should deliver PrEP. Osteopathic medical schools can incorporate more inclusive and holistic sexual health and PrEP curricula to address these barriers and better prepare osteopathic medical students for their future role in the PrEP care continuum.
230Th-234U model ages of some uranium standard reference materials
Authors: Williams R. W. , Gaffney A. M.
Published: February 2021

The “age” of a sample of uranium is an important aspect of a nuclear forensic investigation and of the attribution of the material to a source. The 230Th- 234U chronometer can be used to determine the production date of even very recently-produced material ( 234U half life = 245250 ± 490 years; 230Th half life = 75690 ± 230 years [1]), provided that the 230Th/234U at the time of formation is known, and that there has been no Th-U fractionation in the sample since production. For most samples of uranium, ages determined with this chronometer are “model ages”, because they are based on the assumptions of a) some initial amount of 230Th in the sample, and b) closed-system behavior of the sample since production. The uranium standard reference materials originally prepared and distributed by the former US National Bureau of Standards and now distributed by New Brunswick Laboratory as certified reference materials (NBS SRM = NBL CRM) are good candidates for materials where these assumptions may be tested. The U isotopic standards have known purification and production dates and closed-system behavior in the solid form (U3O8) may be reliably assumed. In addition, these materials are widely available and can serve as informal round-robin inter-laboratory comparison samples. We determined 230Th-234U model ages for seven of these isotopic standards by isotope dilution mass spectrometry using a multi-collector ICP-MS. The standards dated for this study are U005-A, U010, U030-A, U100, U850, U900 and U970. Model ages obtained range from ∼ 30 to ∼ 52 years ago (reference date: 5-May-2009). The model age of U100 is the same as the purification date, within uncertainty. The other six standards analyzed all give model ages older than the purification dates of record. The magnitude of the discrepancy between model age and purification date does not correlate with the model age or the amount of 232Th in the samples. This indicates that excess 230Th in these six standards results from incomplete purification during production.
EXAFS analysis of uranium(IV) and thorium(IV) complexes in concentrated CaCl2 solutions
Authors: Uehara A. , Fujii T. , Matsuura H. , Sato N. , Nagai T. , Minato K. , Yamana H. , Okamoto Y.
Published: February 2021

The coordination of U4+ and Th4+ in concentrated CaCl2 solutions is studied by U and Th L
III edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. With the decrease of concentration of CaCl2 from 6.9 to 4 M, the Cl− ion coordination number N
Cl in the U4+ coordination sphere decreases from 3.4 to 1.3, while the hydration number N
O increases from 4.5 to 6.7. The combined coordination number N
O+NCl of U4+ in concentrated Cl− solution (8.0), is lower than that in 1.5 M perchloric acid aqueous solution (9.0). For Th4+, the decrease of concentration from 6.9 to 4 M CaCl2, the coordination number N
Cl in the Th4+ coordination sphere decreased slightly from 1.9 to 1.5, while coordination number N
O increased from 7.6 to 8.8. The N
O+NCl of Th4+ in concentrated Cl− solution (9.0), is similar to that in 1.5 M perchloric acid. The bond distance of U–Cl (2.67 Å), is shorter than that of Th–Cl (2.76 Å), because of low coordination number N
O to U4+. By adding HCl into the system, the U4+ and Th4+ coordination sphere is unchanged. The coordination structures of U4+ and Th4+ in concentrated LiCl is also discussed.
Comparison of IUPAC k
0 values and neutron cross sections to determine a self-consistent set of data for neutron activation analysis
Authors: Firestone R. B. , Révay Zs.
Published: February 2021

Independent databases of nuclear constants for Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) have been independently maintained by the physics and chemistry communities for many year. They contain thermal neturon cross sections σ
0, standardization values k
0, and transition probabilities P

γ
. Chemistry databases tend to rely upon direct measurements of the nuclear constants k
0 and P

γ
which are often published in chemistry journals while the physics databases typically include evaluated σ
0 and P

γ
data from a variety of experiments published mainly in physics journals. The IAEA/LBNL Evaluated Gamma-ray Activation File (EGAF) also contains prompt and delayed γ-ray cross sections σ

γ
from Prompt Gamma-ray Activation Analysis (PGAA) measurements that can also be used to determine k
0 and σ
0 values. As a result several independent databases of fundamental constants for NAA have evolved containing slightly different and sometimes discrepant results. An IAEA CRP for a Reference Database for Neutron Activation Analysis was established to compare these databases and investigate the possibilitiy of producing a self-consistent set of σ
0, k
0, σ

γ
, and P

γ
values for NAA and other applications. Preliminary results of this IAEA CRP comparison are given in this paper.
Radiocarbon dating of ancient Japanese calligraphy sheets and the discovery of 45 letters of a lost manuscript
Authors: Oda H. , Yasu H. , Ikeda K. , Sakamoto M. , Yoshizawa Y.
Published: February 2021

The Miidera-gire is an ancient paper sheet with different, elegant calligraphy on both sides. One side contains a part of a Buddhist scripture from around the ninth to the twelfth century and written in cursive hand, while the other side contains a part of Monzen (an anthology of Chinese literary works). The paleographical style of this Monzen seems to be older than that of the Buddhist scripture and is similar to some Chinese manuscripts written in the Tang Dynasty (AD 618–907). However, amid these elegant calligraphic writings, there exist many copies and counterfeits that were written several centuries later. We, therefore, measured the radiocarbon age of the Miidera-gire by using accelerator mass spectrometry. The calibrated radiocarbon age indicated 666–776 [cal AD] (2σ error), thus leading to the conclusion that the Monzen was first written on the obverse side, and long afterwards, the Buddhist scripture was written on the reverse side. Since only a few incomplete books of Monzen were written before the ninth century, this calligraphy is one of the oldest of the existing Monzen manuscripts.
Radioactive equilibria and disequilibria of U-series nuclides in the products from Izu arc volcanoes, Japan
Authors: Kurihara Y. , Takahashi M. , Sato J.
Published: February 2021

Activity ratios among 238U-230Th-226Ra in the products from Izu arc volcanoes, Japan, were observed in order to estimate the time scale of magmatic processes and the magma generation for Izu arc volcanism. Activity ratios of 238U/230Th and 226Ra/230Th in the basaltic and andesitic products from Izu arc volcanoes were greater than unity, being enriched in 238U and 226Ra relative to 230Th. The 226Ra/230Th activity ratio versus 238U/230Th activity ratio diagram for these products showed positive correlation, suggesting that the 238U-230Th-226Ra disequilibria occurred during the magma genesis by the additions of U- and Ra-rich fluids derived from the subducting slab by dehydration to the mantle wedge. The 230Th-226Ra radioactive disequilibria observed in the basaltic and andesitic products imply a short period of time (<8000 years) between the magma genesis and the eruption. The majority of rhyolitic products was considered to be almost in equilibrium of 238U=230Th=226Ra. The observation that 238U-230Th-226Ra for the rhyolite are in radioactive equilibrium suggested that the rhyolitic magma from Izu arc was generated in the partial melting of the earth crust heated by the basaltic magma of high temperature.
KİŞİLİK ÖZELLİKLERİ VE RİSK ALGISININ MOTOSİKLET KULLANIM TARZI İLE İLİŞKİSİ
Authors: ALAVCI Tansu , GÜMÜŞ Gizem , TEKİN M. Ehil , TEKEŞ Burcu , ÜZÜMCÜOĞLU Yeşim
Published: March 2021

Motosiklet sürücülerinin kişilik özellikleri ve risk algıları ile motosiklet kullanım tarzları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanan bu çalışma alanyazındaki ilk araştırma niteliğini taşımaktadır. Çalışmanın örneklemini 17-58 yaş aralığındaki motosiklet ehliyeti olan 201 erkek katılımcı oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada Temel Kişilik Özellikleri Envanteri, Risk Algısı Ölçeği ve Motosiklet Kullanım Tarzı Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Yapılan hiyerarşik regresyon analizi sonuçlarına göre, hız ihlali kişilik özelliklerinin alt boyutlarından olan duygusal tutarsızlık ve olumsuz değerlik ile pozitif yönde ilişkiliyken; risk algısı ile negatif yönde ilişkili bulunmuştur. Dışadönüklük ile motor kontrol hataları arasında pozitif yönde ilişki olduğu bulunmuştur. Uyumluluk ve duygusal tutarsızlık boyutlarının motor kontrol hataları ile negatif yönde ilişkili olduğu bulgulanmıştır. Sorumluluk ve risk algısının akrobasi ile arasında negatif yönlü bir ilişki olduğu bulunmuştur. Olumsuz değerlik ile trafik hataları boyutu arasında pozitif yönde ilişki olduğu bulgulanmıştır. Bu çalışma risk algısının, kişilik özellikleri ile birlikte incelendiğinde de motosiklet kullanım tarzı ile ilişki olduğunu göstermektedir. Bulgular doğrultusunda kişilik özellikleri arasındaki farklılıklar göz önünde bulundurularak ehliyet kursu eğitimleri için farklı yöntemler geliştirilmesi ve yol güvenliğine olumlu katkı sağlaması amaçlanmaktadır.
STRAIN ANALYSIS OF REACTOR TYPE CORE STRUCTURES BY CONSIDERING UNCERTAINTIES OF GRAPHITE’S PROPERTIES
Authors: Susmikanti Mike , Himawan Roziq , Sulistyo Jos Budi , Sulistyo Farisy Yogatama
Published: March 2021

The power reactor with high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) technology uses uranium as the reactor fuel. The energy from fission is converted to electrical energy or used for other needs such as hydrogen production or other research activities at high temperatures of around 700 °C. This operation does not allow the use of metal as the core material for the reactor. The material that fits the requirements as a core structure is graphite. Graphite material has specific characteristics, namely the parameters of the modulus of elasticity, coefficient of thermal expansion, and the volume which changes due to temperature and neutron dose. Because the structure of the reactor core is a vital component in the reactor, this research will develop a method for the design of the reactor core structure with graphite material. The design method is based on Design by Analysis which specifically refers to the strain analysis on each of the reactor core components. The design method developed is based on the finite element method. The object of this research is the side reflector made from the Toyo Tanso IG-110 series graphite. Based on the analysis of heat distribution and heat stress for the material before the effect of neutron exposure, the temperature distribution on the side reflector was found, as well as the displacement and heat stress that occurs. isotropic properties, Young's modulus and Poisson’s ratio values can be verified and estimated. The purpose of this research is to analyze the strain of the reactor core structure by taking into account the uncertainty of the graphite properties.
THE FIRST REGIONAL THEATRES OF THE UNITED STATES AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO BROADWAY COMMERCIALISM
Authors:   Russian Institute of Theatre Arts – GITIS (Moscow, Russian Federation), Samitov Dmitry G.
Published: February 2021

The article aims to draw attention to the problem of the emergence and development of creative troupes of a new type. Non-profit theatres became noticeable to the public after a ten-year dominance of Broadway productions played on stages of American the ater. Contrary to Broadway and its commercialism non-profit theatres turned to art, becoming its alternative. The venues mostly performed musicals, uncomplicated comedies, musical shows. Huge halls, high ticket prices led to the fact that the theatre turned to a major business. The desire of theatrical figures to realize their creative powers in the art theatre led many of them to the idea of creating their own companies in opposition to the Broadway theatre in many regions of the United States. It was the nascence of the movement of non-profit theatres that became an alternate to Broadway commercialism, attracted all the new creative forces of the American theatre. Analyzing the activities of number of non-profit theatres such as Cleveland Playhouse, Arena Stage, Alley Theater, the conclusion was made that they all played an important role in the development of the movement of the regional theatres of the United States. The famous “Arena Stage” Theatre, like other regional theaters, developed traditions of non-profit theatres of the USA, including the ideas of “little” and “arti” theatres. The study of non-commercial drama theatres in the United States is relevant for modern Russia. Exploring the process of evolution of noncommercial companies the author concluded that the theatre is primarily a creative, artistic institution, that is to be valued precisely for its contribution and influence on the spiritual life of the audience.
SCIENTIFIC HERITAGE OF OUTSTANDING SCIENTISTS IN THE EUROPEAN NORTH-EAST OF RUSSIA: MEMORIAL OFFICES AND PROJECTS
Authors:   Institute of Geology of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Syktyvkar, Russian Federation), Astakhova Irina S.
Published: February 2021

Some of the most promising means of preserving scientific heritage, accessibility of archives and popularization of science are memorial museums or projects memorializing the memory of outstanding scientists. In the European North-East of Russia immortalizations of heritage is carried with respect to interests of scientists - geological, biological and socio-economic sciences. Three stages of the formation of the scientific community in the region have been identified. The first stage is related to the initial research of scientists who visited the European North in the 18th – begining of 20th century. The preservation of scientific heritage was provided by the creation of the A.V. Zhuravsky museum in the Ust-Tsilm, and by creation of monuments and commemorative places. The next period in the study of the North began in the 1930s-early 1940s and involves the arrival of distinguished scientists to the region. After the work of the scientists a large volume of scientific heritage. The materials composed the basis of the museums-apartments and separate expositions in local history museums in Uhta and Vorkuta. Academic organizations were established in the European North of Russia in the mid-20th century. The memory of the outstanding achievements of scientists is perpetuated in the names of geological and geographical objects, streets and museums in the cities of the region. The preservation of the scientific heritage of the scientist of this period is connected with the activities of already existing museums or with the creation of memorial offices in the scientific and production organizations in Uhta, Vorkuta and Syktyvkar. The working interior of the scientist is reconstructed or preserved in the memorial rooms. Memorial projects are implemented in the existing museums and in the higher educational and academic institutions. Memorial exhibitions have a following structure: science – research – teaching – memoirs. The most convenient and accessible forms of preservation of the scientific heritage are separate museums-offices in the existing museums. The interior, objects and documents introduce the visitor of the museum to the interests, hobbies, and results of the work of the scientist. It gets acquainted with the historical period when a scientist lived and worked. The museum and science are linked by historical continuity and intergenerational culture. The regional memorial projects are aimed to identify regional scientific identity and ways of development of the scientific community. The main development of regional museums is connected with the establishing the new personalities of scientists, with adaptation in virtual space and creation of online exhibitions.
INTERNATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN STATE PROGRAM “CULTURAL HERITAGE”
Authors:   Institute of History SB RAS (Novosibirsk, Russian Federation), Shelegina Olga N. , Zhetpisbaev Seysembay K. ,   Akimat of the city Ekibastuz (The Republic of Kazakhstan)
Published: February 2021

This article concerns theoretical and academic and research issue of assimilation of cultural heritage in the context of globalization, which is nowadays topical at the world and national level. The paper provides a complex analysis of the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK) state program “Cultural Heritage”, which is aimed at determining its international significance. The work is based on a substantial historiographic resource that includes articles written by the first president of RK N.A. Nazarbaev, famous Kazakhstan and Russian scientists. Historic-cultural heritage of Kazakhstan is positioned as an important integrant of the universal human culture. The “heritage assimilation” concept proposed by O.N. Shelegina has been evaluated with the use of representative empirical base. During this research the authors defined that the international success of the RK strategic program “Cultural Heritage” is due to the legislative and financial support provided by the state, the integration of cultural, scientific and educational institutions and public organizations. The researches held in Kazakhstan began to draw attention of scientists from Japan, Mongolia, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Russia and several other countries. Heritage objects such as “Altyn Adam” – “Golden Man”, Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi, the cities of Otrar and Turkestan, are historical and cultural brands of Kazakhstan of the world level. The participation of Kazakhstan in the UNESCO Silk Roads Project and the transboundary project “Asian Countries Cultural Heritage Update” possesses high geopolitical and socio-cultural value. The International Scientific Conference “Museum, Museology, Cultural Heritage” (Nur-Sultan, April 2019) became a significant event that reflected the results and prospects of the Program. In general, the RK Cultural Heritage Program belongs to the innovative research and socio-cultural trend space related to heritage assimilation. Step-by-step implementation of actions aimed at consolidation, digitalization and introduction of national heritage of other countries to the scientific and informational turnaround may prove to be an effective algorithm. The international significance of a novel Cultural Heritage Program is determined by its complex multi-level character of heritage assimilation, introduction of assimilated historic and cultural heritage to the educational practice and the sphere of tourism, as well as active cooperation with UNESCO. The authors find it appropriate and promising, accounting the productive international experience of the Republic of Kazakhstan, to perform interdisciplinary research of the issues of heritage assimilation in the context of globalization.
MUSEUM AURA IN A DIGITAL FORMAT
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University (St. Petersburg, Russian Federation), Drikker Alexander S. , Makovetsky Eugene A. ,   St. Petersburg State University (St. Petersburg, Russian Federation)
Published: February 2021

In conditions of rough social changes and of ICT of development a museum-temple gives way to modern post-museum. Whether the museum-temple era came to end, or its potential can be demanded? In search of the answer, combining the social-analitical view (Benjamin) with a psychological analysis (Vygotsky), we will address a question of aura which traditionally defined emotional influence of museum exposition. Since moment when Benjamin noted that technical reproduction washes away aura, a scales of high-quality reproduction in network environment grew in thousands times and decisively devaluated sacrality of a museum space. Besides a democratic museum is guided by inquiry of a mass visitor with his specific perception. An ability of museum collections to cause the strongest “power” influence, powerful passions does not raise doubts. However, attempts to find the concrete localization, material traces inducing a mysterious field and defining surprising impact on a viewer do not lead to anything. In that case it is more logical to connect a disappearance of aura with a viewer. Author's creation, museum exhibit “will not take place”, without having met the viewer, his response. Art passion, emotional expenditure are provided not with external influence, but by himself viewer, his mental energy and experience. If following Vygotsky behind esthetic signs it can see author's experiences, then a suit of Eskimo and a painting – only certain sign-emotional display of internal insight of the author – of the original. A masterpiece, an exhibit are only a mediator between the viewer and the author. A museum visitor on an exposition uses visual language, reading clear and available graphic signs. However a museum demands not reading of information, but a contemplate, concentrated look lost in rational acceleration. Whether it is possible to revive this look and aura? Digital technologies which were a reason of disappearance of aura give a such hope. ICT technologies can be used not only as an entertainment for a bored tourist. Their potential is more that potential that is demanded in educational, educational programs. Only relying on experience and interests of viewer it is possible to adjust his on meeting with museum, with art. Experience and inquiries of the modern visitor – the network user – most full of are reflected in an array of network data. The analysis of these data (preferences) creates base to find connection of personal tastes and khowledge with those impressions which museum can offer. Similar programming of associations, special virtual assistance can influence perception, initiating interest, bright emotions which leave marks in memory and promote growing. Perhaps, a viewer supported by “emotional” program progress will find aura in museum again.