bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of Time Frequency Representation Techniques for Freeze of Gait Detection and Prediction
Authors: Ashfaque Mostafa Tahjid , Soltaninejad Sara , McIsaac Tara L. , Cheng Irene
Published: September 2021

Freezing of Gait (FOG) is an impairment that affects the majority of patients in the advanced stages of Parkinson’s Disease (PD). FOG can lead to sudden falls and injuries, negatively impacting the quality of life for the patients and their families. Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation (RAS) can be used to help patients recover from FOG and resume normal gait. RAS might be ineffective due to the latency between the start of a FOG event, its detection and initialization of RAS. We propose a system capable of both FOG prediction and detection using signals from tri-axial accelerometer sensors that will be useful in initializing RAS with minimal latency. We compared the performance of several time frequency analysis techniques, including moving windows extracted from the signals, handcrafted features, Recurrence Plots (RP), Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT), Discreet Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Pseudo Wigner Ville Distribution (PWVD) with Deep Learning (DL) based Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). We also propose three Ensemble Network Architectures that combine all the time frequency representations and DL architectures. Experimental results show that our ensemble architectures significantly improve the performance compared with existing techniques. We also present the results of applying our method trained on a publicly available dataset to data collected from patients using wearable sensors in collaboration with A.T. Still University.
A CSI-Based Indoor Positioning System Using Single UWB Ranging Correction
Authors: Long Keliu , Nsalo Kong Darryl Franck , Zhang Kun , Tian Chuan , Shen Chong
Published: September 2021

A fingerprint-based localization system is an economic way to solve an indoor positioning problem. However, the traditional off-line fingerprint collection stage is a time-consuming and laborious process which limits the use of fingerprint-based localization systems. In this paper, based on ubiquitous Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) equipment and a low-cost Ultra-Wideband (UWB) ranging system (with only one UWB anchor), a ready-to-use indoor localization system is proposed to realize long-term and high-accuracy indoor positioning. More specifically, in this system, it is divided into two stages: (1) an initial stage, and (2) a positioning stage. In the initial stage, an Inertial Measure Unit (IMU) is used to calculate the position using Pedestrian Dead Reckon (PDR) algorithm within a preset number of steps, and the location-related fingerprints are collected to train a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) regression model; simultaneously, in order to make the UWB ranging system adapt to the Non-Line-of-Sight (NLoS) environment, the increments of acceleration and angular velocity in IMU and the increments of single UWB ranging measures are correlated to pre-train a Supported Vector Regression (SVR). After reaching the threshold of time or step number, the system is changed into a positioning stage, and the CNN predicts the position calibrated by corrected UWB ranging. At last, a series of practical experiments are conducted in the real environment; the experiment results show that, due to the corrected UWB ranging measures calibrating the CNN parameters in every positioning period, this system has stable localization results in a comparative long-term range. Additionally, it has the advantages of stability, low cost, anti-noise, etc.
Evaluation of Murrell’s EKF-Based Attitude Estimation Algorithm for Exploiting Multiple Attitude Sensor Configurations
Authors: Asundi Sharanabasaweshwara , Fitz-Coy Norman , Latchman Haniph
Published: September 2021

Pico- and nano-satellites, due to their form factor and size, are limited in accommodating multiple or redundant attitude sensors. For such satellites, Murrell’s implementation of the extended Kalman filter (EKF) can be exploited to accommodate multiple sensor configurations from a set of non redundant attitude sensors. The paper describes such an implementation involving a sun sensor suite and a magnetometer as attitude sensors. The implementation exploits Murrell’s EKF to enable three sensor configurations, which can be operationally commanded, for satellite attitude estimation. Among the three attitude estimation schemes, (i) sun sensor suite and magnetometer, (ii) magnetic field vector and its time derivative and (iii) magnetic field vector, it is shown that the third configuration is better suited for attitude estimation in terms of precision and accuracy, but can consume more time to converge than the other two.
Data-Driven Investigation of Gait Patterns in Individuals Affected by Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
Authors: Kuruvithadam Kiran , Menner Marcel , Taylor William R. , Zeilinger Melanie N. , Stieglitz Lennart , Schmid Daners Marianne
Published: September 2021

Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a chronic and progressive disease that affects predominantly elderly subjects. The most prevalent symptoms are gait disorders, generally determined by visual observation or measurements taken in complex laboratory environments. However, controlled testing environments can have a significant influence on the way subjects walk and hinder the identification of natural walking characteristics. The study aimed to investigate the differences in walking patterns between a controlled environment (10 m walking test) and real-world environment (72 h recording) based on measurements taken via a wearable gait assessment device. We tested whether real-world environment measurements can be beneficial for the identification of gait disorders by performing a comparison of patients’ gait parameters with an aged-matched control group in both environments. Subsequently, we implemented four machine learning classifiers to inspect the individual strides’ profiles. Our results on twenty young subjects, twenty elderly subjects and twelve NPH patients indicate that patients exhibited a considerable difference between the two environments, in particular gait speed (p-value p=0.0073), stride length (p-value p=0.0073), foot clearance (p-value p=0.0117) and swing/stance ratio (p-value p=0.0098). Importantly, measurements taken in real-world environments yield a better discrimination of NPH patients compared to the controlled setting. Finally, the use of stride classifiers provides promise in the identification of strides affected by motion disorders.
Next-Generation Sequencing Reveals Four Novel Viruses Associated with Calf Diarrhea
Authors: Wu Qi , Li Jizong , Wang Wei , Zhou Jinzhu , Wang Dandan , Fan Baochao , Zhang Xuehan , Sun Dongbo , Gong Ga , Suolang Sizhu , Li Bin
Published: September 2021

Calf diarrhea is one of the common diseases involved in the process of calf feeding. In this study, a sample of calf diarrhea that tested positive for bovine coronavirus and bovine astrovirus was subjected to high-throughput sequencing. The reassembly revealed the complete genomes of bovine norovirus, bovine astrovirus, bovine kobuvirus, and the S gene of bovine coronavirus. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the ORF2 region of bovine astrovirus had the lowest similarity with other strains and gathered in the Mamastrovirus unclassified genogroup, suggesting a new serotype/genotype could appear. Compared with the most closely related strain, there are six amino acid mutation sites in the S gene of bovine coronavirus, most of which are located in the S1 subunit region. The bovine norovirus identified in our study was BNoV-GIII 2, based on the VP1 sequences. The bovine kobuvirus is distributed in the Aichi virus B genus; the P1 gene shows as highly variable, while the 3D gene is highly conserved. These findings enriched our knowledge of the viruses in the role of calf diarrhea, and help to develop an effective strategy for disease prevention and control.
Influência de fatores climáticos na morbidade/mortalidade de micoses em Minas Gerais e avaliação de plantas nativas para tratamento de micoses
Authors:   , Nazareth Ronaldo Aquino Dusi de
Published: September 2021

Micoses sistêmicas são um importante problema de saúde pública em todo o mundo, por serem negligenciadas, relacionadas a regiões com baixo desenvolvimento humano e sob influência de condições climáticas. Nesse sentido, o desenvolvimento de novos agentes antifúngicos, como advindos de plantas nativas, é essencial para essas populações. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a influência do clima e de variáveis sociodemográficas na prevalência de micoses sistêmicas em Minas Gerais durante o período de 1998 a 2018 e avaliar atividade antifúngica in vitro de plantas nativas do Brasil. Foram determinadas as correlações entre Hospitalização por Micoses (HM) / Mortalidade por Micoses (MM) e dados sociodemográficos (densidade demográfica, facilidade de acesso ao SUS, IDH e esgotamento sanitário), ambientais (velocidade máxima do vento, velocidade média do vento, precipitação total, número de dias de precipitação, umidade relativa, temperatura máxima e temperatura mínima) e cobertura vegetal através do coeficiente de correlação de postos de Spearman. Os dados foram obtidos em bancos de dados nacionais durante o período selecionado. Já a atividade antifúngica dos extratos etanólicos das folhas de Euphorbia prostrata e Garcinia gardneriana foi avaliada através do teste de microdiluição em caldo utilizando linhagens de C. albicans, C. neoformans e C. gattii. Os resultados mostraram que cidades com densidade demográfica elevada e maior número de estabelecimentos do SUS possuem menor % de frequência de HM / MM. Já municípios com maior IDH possuem menor % de frequência de mortalidade por paracoccidioidomicose. Observou-se que a maioria das cidades mineiras com maior % de frequência relativa anual de HM e maior % de frequência relativa anual de MM por aspergilose e candidíase são de clima temperado. Os dados mostraram que a velocidade do vento é um fator climático que influenciou de maneira significativa na HM. Em relação as plantas, os extratos etanólicos não apresentaram atividade antifúngica promissora, com CIM > 100mg/L. Nossos dados mostraram que o clima exerce importante influência sobre a HM e MM, sendo necessários mais estudos para entender melhor a relação clima e micoses.
Emeviler ve Abbasiler Döneminde Suriye-Filistin Doğu Akdeniz Kıyılarında Gemi Tersaneleri ve Deniz Harekât Üsleri
Authors: Terzi Mustafa Zeki
Published: September 2021

Araştırmamızın konusu; Emeviler ve Abbasiler Dönemi’nde Suriye-Filistin’in Doğu Akdeniz kıyılarında inşa ve tesis edilen tersaneler ve deniz harekât üsleridir. Bu konuda Türkiye’de yayımlanmış bir araştırma ve makaleye rastlayamadık. Konuyu daha geniş bir çalışma içerisinde bütün boyutlarıyla araştırdık. Bu makale o araştırmamızın bir bölümünü oluşturmaktadır. Makalemiz Giriş, Akkâ Deniz Üssü ve Tersanesi, Saydâ ve Sûr Deniz Üsleri ve Tersaneleri, Tarsus Deniz Üssü ve Tersanesi, Sonuç ve Kaynakça’dan oluşmaktadır. Emevi ve Abbasi dönemlerinde İslâm coğrafyasının üç bir tarafı denizlerle çevrili olup öteden beri Bizans ve Hind donanmaları bu denizlerde egemendir. Bu yüzden İslâm toprakları denizden vaki düşman donamalarının saldırılarına her zaman açık haldedir. Bu durum Müslüman devlet yöneticilerini İslâm donanması/deniz gücü hazırlamaya sevk etmiştir. Neticede bu kıyılarda fetih öncesi de var olan tersaneler ve havuzlar yeniden onarılmış, bu tersanelerde, daha önce mevcut usta ve sanatkârlardan da yararlanılarak yeni savaş gemileri inşa edilmiştir. Tersanelerin yer aldığı bu limanlar, askeri yapılanma çerçevesinde yeniden donatılarak bahriye/donanma kuvveti ve deniz harekât üsleri kurulmuştur. Araştırmamız literatür taramasına dayanmaktadır
Etkili Bir Eğitim Dili Olarak Nebevî Öğretide Bazı Kelime ve Tabirlerin Yeniden Tanımlanması
Authors: Öztürk Mustafa
Published: September 2021

İnsan-Allah iletişimini sağlamak üzere gönderilen son peygamber Muhammed Mustafa (s.a.v.), muhataplarına yönelik davet, tebliğ, tebyîn, talim, tezkiye gibi çok yönlü faaliyetlerde bulunmuş, bu süreçte toplumun dil ve üslûbunu dolaylı ya da dolaysız en ince detayına kadar kullanmıştır. Makalemizde, Hz. Peygamber’e ait olan “yeniden tanımlama” diye ifade ettiğimiz eğitim ve öğretim için oldukça manidar gözüken dolaylı bir dil tetkik edilmektedir. Yeniden tanımlama yapılırken genelde anlam değişmelerinin özelde anlam genişlemelerinin olduğu ehlince malumdur. Hz. Peygamber de içinde yaşadığı toplumun kullandığı kelime ve tabirlere zaman zaman yeni anlamlar yüklemiş, ilgili kelime ve tabirlerin anlam çerçevesini bazen aynı doğrultuda genişletmiş, bazen de ifade edilen anlamı tersine çevirerek zıt anlam yüklemiştir. Böyle bir dil ve üslûbun kullanılmasında, müessir bir anlatımın dolayısıyla etkili ve kalıcı bir eğitimin hedeflendiği aşikârdır. Zira düşünce yapısının ve hayata bakışın şekillenmesinde, başka etkenler yanında dağarcığımızdaki kelimelerin önemi büyüktür. Söz konusu kelimelerin niceliği ve onlara yüklenen anlamın niteliği, düşüncenin ve tefekkürün derinliğine vesile olduğu gibi, duruma göre sığlaşmasına sebep olmaktadır. İşte bu noktada insanın ulaştığı eğitim seviyesi dikkati çeker ki, onun hayattaki mücadelesi, savaşı, barışı veya rutin işlerindeki seyri, sahip olduğu kelime ve kavramların anlam dünyasıyla çok yakından ilgilidir.
XVII. Yüzyılın Sonları İle XX. Yüzyılın Başları Arasında İstanbul'da Bayramiyye'nin En Önemli Temsilcisi Olarak Himmetiyye
Authors: Baş Emrah
Published: September 2021

Himmetiyye’nin müessisi sayılan Bolulu Himmet Efendi, XVII. yüzyılda yaşamış önemli bir mutasavvıf ve şâirdir. Himmet Efendi, kaleme aldığı Âdâb-ı Hurde-i Tarîkat ve Manzûm Tarîkatnâme isimli eserleriyle tarikatının âdâb ve erkânını belirlemiştir. Himmetiyye tarikatı, müessisinin vefatından sonra Himmet Efendi’nin soyundan gelen Himmetzâdeliler tarafından İstanbul’un çeşitli tekkelerinde temsil edilmiştir. Şemsiyye-i Bayramiyye’nin Himmetiyye şubesi, XVII. yüzyılın sonları ile XX. yüzyılın başları arasında İstanbul’da Bayramiyye’nin en önemli temsilcisi olmuş ve 1925 tekkelerin kapanmasına kadar bu işlevini sürdürmüştür. Yaptığımız bu çalışma, yaklaşık üç asır boyunca Şemsiyye-i Bayramiyye’nin İstanbul’daki temsilcisi olan Himmetiyye şubesinin pîrinin hayatı, eserleri, silsilesi, faaliyetleri ve etkilerinin yanı sıra kendisinden sonra Himmetiyye’nin kimler tarafından hangi tekkelerde temsil edildiğini açıklamayı hedeflemektedir.
Nas Bağlamında Farklı Görüşlerin Oluşmasında Harflerin Rolü
Authors: Altun Muhammed Latif
Published: September 2021

Kur’ân ve sünnet usûl ve füru ilimleri için temel kaynaktır. Bu kaynakların dili Arapçadır. Bunları doğru anlama ve yorumlamak için Arapça’yı iyi bilmek gerekir. Hukuk metodolojisi olan fıkıh usulünde bu iki kaynaktan hüküm istinbât edilebilmesi için birtakım kurallar incelenir. Bu kapsamda Arapça gramer kuralları ele alınmaktadır. Çünkü dili Arapça olan bu iki kaynağı yorumlamak ve onlardan isabetli fıkhî hükümler çıkarmak fıkıh usulü ilminin görevidir. Fıkhî hükümlere olan etkisinden dolayı bu çalışmada harflerin hükümleri istinbattaki rolünü ele aldık. Bu çalışmada öncelikle konuyu ele alan fıkıh usulü kaynakları tespit edilerek, bunların konuya olan yaklaşımları ele alındı. Daha sonra fakihlerin farklı hükümlere etkisi olan harfler hakkındaki görüşlerine yer verilerek bu görüşlerin füru-i fıkha olan yansımasına vurgu yapıldı. Ayrıca bu çalışmada sadece âyet ve hadis bağlamında hükümde etkisi olan atıf ve cer harflerine yer verildi
وضع الجملة الاسمية موضع الجملة الفعلية
Authors: Aly Emad , Oğuz Orhan
Published: September 2021

لكل لغة سمات خاصة تتّسم بها، وتتميز بها عن غيرها، وينطبق هذا على اللغة العربية، فاللغة العربية تتكون من اسم وفعل وحرف، ومن سماتها وجود نوعين من الجمل؛ هما الجملة الاسمية؛ وهي التي تبدأ باسم، وتفيد الثبات والاستقرار، والجملة الفعلية؛ وهي التي تدل على استمرار الحدث، كما أنها تعبّر عن حدث يقترن بالزمن؛ فالفعل (ذهب) فيه معنى الحدث، وهو الذهاب، وفيه أيضًا معنى الزمن، وهو الزمن الماضي. إلا ان بعض الجمل التي وردت خاصة في القرآن الكريم فيها الجملة الاسمية في موضع الجملة الفعلية، وقد أعطى أمثلة على هذا الشاطبي في كتابه الإفادات والإشارات دون شرح أو تفصيل.
من هذا المنطلق يأتي هذا البحث الذي يتناول ظاهرة تبدل مواضع الجملة الاسمية في موضع الجملة الفعلية ومناقشة هذه المعاني في اللغة العربية ومقارنة استخدام الجملة بين اللغة التركية واللغة العربية، ويأتي البحث في مقدمة ومبحثين؛ تتكلم المقدمة عن أهم التعريفات؛ كتعريف الجملة الاسمية وتعريف الجملة الفعلية في اللغة العربية، ويتكلم المبحث الأول عن المواضع التي جاءت فيها الجملة الاسمية موضع الجملة الفعلية وتفصيل معناها، والمبحث الثاني يتكلم عن كيفية فهم تلك الجمل وما يقابلها في اللغة التركية.
ويتوقع أن يصل البحث إلى نتائج منها أن استخدام الجملة الاسمية موضع الجملة الفعلية يضيف إليها معاني (بلاغية – لغوية) جديدة تنبع من معنى الجملة الاسمية، أهمية إدراك المتعلم للفروقات بين استخدام الجملة الاسمية والجملة الفعلية ومعرفة كيفية وموضع استخدامهما بين لغته الأم واللغة العربية
مدينة دياربكر في كتابات الرحالة والجغرافيين في العصور الوسطى
Authors: Ali Hüseyin
Published: September 2021

في هذا البحث سنتحدث عن مدينة دياربكر وعن تاريخ هذه المدينة وسبب تسميتها ومن زارها من الرحالة والجغرافيين وسنستعرض كيف وصفوها في كتبهم كابن حوقل في كتابه صورة الأرض فقال أنها مبنية من حجارة الأرحية السوداء وهي حصينة. والمقدسي في كتابه أحسن التقاسيم قال عنها لا أعرف للمسلمين اليوم بلداً أحصن ولا ثغراً أجل منها في تخوم المسلمين بوجه الروم، وناصر خسرو يعتبر وصفه من الأوصاف المهمة خلال زيارته لها، وياقوت الحموي في كتابه معجم البلدان وصفها أيضاً بشكل مفصل، وأشار القزويني في كتابه آثار البلاد وأخبار العباد لحصانة أسوارها فقال آمد مدينة حصينة، ووصفها الحميري في كتابه الروض المعطار في خبر الأقطار، وكذلك أوليا جلبي في كتابه سياحتنامه، ويعتبر من أكثر الرحالة وصفاً لدياربكر وبنائها وعمرانها حتى أنه تحدث عن صفات وأوصاف الناس فيها، والعديد من الرحالة والجغرافيين وصفوها تم ذكرهم في هذا البحث
Shades of endophytic fungi: Exceptional plant inhabitants with de facto therapeutic promises
Authors: Ab Rashid Syarifah , Leong Chean Ring , Taher Md Abu , Rosman Nur Rifqah Attifah , Che Harun Noor Faizah , Mohd Nor Hamin Nurhanis Syafiqah , Rozman Nur Amiera Syuhada , Abdullah Siti Zubaidah , Wan Ahmad Wan Nor Amaliena , Tong Woei Yenn
Published: September 2021

From the tropics to the arctic, almost all living plants on the earth are resided by endophytic fungi. The microorganism can be found near intercellular or intracellular tissues and cause void adverse symptoms of infection. Endophytes and host plants are synergistically protecting each other. As the host provides nutrients, the endophytes serve the host by activating their defense mode against parasites and pests. A search for alternative drugs, mostly from natural sources, is in ascending trends due to the increase of lethal diseases. This review emphasizes the significance of several endophytic fungi as a foundation for novel bioactive sources which might be advantageous for human health. The communication between the endophytic fungi and their host has generated numerous unique bioactive metabolites from different biosynthetic pathways. These include ketones, polyketides, alkaloids, non-alkaloids, acids, coumarins, etc., which comprise numerous potent biological activities including antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, insecticidal, antidiabetic, immunosuppressive, anti-arthritis, anti-inflammatory, and anti hypercholesterolemic. Around 1.5 million endophytic fungal species have been estimated. However, to date, only 100,000 species are reported. Thus, a few isolated compounds and their biological activities have been opted in this current review. All compounds were discovered from endophytic fungi, which resided on various host plants, particularly from algae to a higher family plant such as mangroves.
IMPLEMENTASI METODE MONTESSORI UNTUK MENGEMBANGKAN KEMANDIRIAN ANAK DI RA MIFTAHUL ULUM MANGGISAN JEMBER
Authors: Khulusinniyah Khulusinniyah , Masrurah Zahrotul
Published: September 2021

Independence is an important thing that must be developed in children. If the child does not have the aspect of independence, it will grow into a home service generation; children who will always ask to be served and weak in facing life's challenges. They will find it difficult to adapt and solve various problems of life, so if this is allowed then they will grow into a weak generation, not a quality generation. Adopting from the Montessori curriculum, PTK is carried out at RA Miftahul Ulum to increase children's independence, by emphasizing practical skills that should be mastered by children. The results obtained indicate that the Montessori method can increase the independence of children, with the achievement of the percentage of independence of 87.5% above the 80% completeness target set.
MORE THAN A CENTURY OF CYTOGENETIC STUDIES IN CHILEAN PLANTS: HOW MUCH HAVE WE PROGRESSED?
Authors: Jara Seguel P. , Palma Rojas C.
Published: September 2021

An overview is provided on the cytogenetic of Chilean plants, highlighting information gathered from more than a century of work carried out by foreign and national researchers who have contributed to the study of native species. We briefly present the progress made to date and also emphasize some strategies that, in our opinion, could spur further advances in this second century of cytogenetic studies in Chilean plants.

Key words: Cytogenetics, cytogenomics, Chilean plants.
A LITERATURE REVIEW ON HOW TAX INCENTIVES COULD ASSIST INNOVATION AND SME RESEARCH ECOSYSTEM
Authors: Ahmad Nurazwa , Abdullah Nor Hazana , Ahmad Anita , Abu Ghazali
Published: September 2021

In an effort to foster the innovation and commercialization ecosystem in Malaysia, the government has introduced various tax mechanisms such as the allocation of funds from tax incentives to provide financial assistance to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). As against large corporations which have substantial research and development budgets to start with, limited capital and financial constraints in SMEs companies hinder their capabilities to fund their own R&D which in turn affect their innovation capabilities. This paper reviews various tax mechanisms and initiatives used by other countries to facilitate the SMEs’ innovation capabilities and how universities collaborate the R&D efforts with industries through grants and incentives. The findings are later compared to the research ecosystem in Malaysia, the government, the policy, and the challenges of implementation. It is concluded that SMEs could benefit from the spill over of funds from tax mechanisms to finance their R&D collaboration. This government-university-industry symbiotic triple helix linkage could create a conducive research ecosystem and benefit the SMEs in innovation capabilities and product commercialization.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DOVE CAMPAIGN FOR REAL BEAUTY IN AFFECTING CUSTOMERS’ PURCHASE DECISION TOWARD DOVE PRODUCTS
Authors: Syaharani Dita Indah
Published: September 2021

The emergence of social marketing campaign strategy has encouraged businesses to adopt it as their marketing strategy. However, although nowadays companies are continuously creating unique social marketing campaigns, many of them end up backfiring. Therefore, companies should create campaigns that are able to draw customers to participate and create purchase decisions. Dove brings a campaign that promotes women’s self-esteem through brand building and serves dual goals to make women feel more beautiful and sell more products, called Dove Campaign for Real Beauty. This study aims to analyze how the campaign affects customers’ purchase decisions toward the products. From the study, the factors in the campaign that affect customers’ purchase decisions toward the products will be identified. Finally, this study aims to develop marketing recommendations for the campaign to affect customers’ purchase decisions toward the products. This study uses semi-structured interviews and online survey methods to collect data and uses open coding and PLS-SEM to analyze the relationship between the variables. The results indicate that positive word-of-mouth significantly affects consumer-campaign (CC) identification, perceived cause-related marketing (CRM) motive significantly affects emotional attachment, and affective reaction, brand trust, and brand community significantly affect customers’ purchase decision through attitude toward the campaign, attitude toward the brand, and purchase intention. This study is expected to enhance marketer understandings of how the company could improve purchase decisions through social marketing campaign strategy.
A STUDY OF CUSTOMER PREFERENCE, CUSTOMER PERCEIVED VALUE, SALES PROMOTION, AND SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING TOWARDS PURCHASE DECISION OF SLEEPING PRODUCT IN GENERATION Z
Authors: Kuncoro Hedwika Avila Diva Putri , Kusumawati Nurrani
Published: September 2021

Sleep is a major factor for human physical and mental health and abnormality in a person's sleep, this can cause sleep disturbances. The emergence of sleep disturbances makes sufferers try various sleep aids that might help sufferers to rest well. In Indonesia, many sleeping products have been created and sold in the market. The large variety of sleeping products with various functions and ways of use is a determining factor in adolescence buying sleeping products. They have several considerations before buying the sleeping products they need and want and it is because nowadays, customers have a lot of choices and considerations when they are choosing products and services. Therefore, it is necessary to understand consumer preferences because they play an important role in making purchasing decisions and in improving the marketing strategy to be implemented. For this research, researchers want to identify the important factors that influence the customers’ purchase decision towards sleeping products and find out the product attributes which become preferred by customers. The researcher uses quantitative methods by using questionnaires as primary data and a variety of literature as secondary data. This research uses non-probability sampling and requires a minimum of 200 respondents with criteria aged 17-26 years old and living in Jabodetabek and Bandung. Using Multiple Linear Regression methods, this research aims to identify the relationship between one dependent variable from five independent variables and answer the hypothesis. The overall evidence showed that product, social, personal value dimensions, sales promotion, and social media marketing have a significant positive impact on purchase decisions. Therefore, researchers suggest marketers in the sleeping product industry convey product advantages and personal values, use influencers to promote products or make price discounts and use social media to attract customers because these points influence purchasing decisions.
THE MEDIATING EFFECT OF FINANCE ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SMES' INTERNAL GROWTH STRATEGY AND EXPORT PERFORMANCE
Authors: Adebayo Tajudeen Shehu , Salaudeen Jubril
Published: September 2021

Research on the role of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in economic growth and development has focused more in recent times on determinants of SMEs’ export performance (EP). However, as much attention is being given to investigating the effect of finance on SMEs’ performance, its impact as a mediating factor in the relationship between firms’ internal growth strategies and export performance indicators, has not been sufficiently established in most developing economies including Nigeria. The present study thus examines this gap in a multi-stage, cross-sectional and purposive survey of 285 owners/managers of SME firms in Lagos, Oyo, and Osun with the highest numbers of SMEs in Nigeria. The empirical data collected were processed and analysed with multiple regression and correlation methods on PASW Statistics 18. The result shows internal growth strategy impacting positively and significantly on EP through entrepreneurial orientation, employees’ productivity enhancement programs, marketing philosophy, resources, and export risk management. Similarly, positive and significant effects of finance on EP were established through firms’ access to credits and start-up capital, terms of loans, and financing mechanisms for export facilitation. Essentially, the study detected evidence of the mediation effect of finance as a significant factor in the relationship between SMEs’ internal growth strategy and export performance in southwest Nigeria. The three hypotheses tested were thus, rejected and recommendations made to SMEs’ stakeholders & government to strengthen entrepreneurial ingenuity, employees’ productivity enhancement, SMEs’ financial inclusion, and long-term strategic management in the areas of SMEs’ competitive advantage and positioning strategies in the foreign market.
JOB SECURITY CRISIS AT THE HOTEL INDUSTRY TOWARDS INTENTION TO QUIT DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Suhail Samihah , Mat Norsiah , Hassan Zuraida
Published: September 2021

The emergence of the COVID-19 outbreak in Malaysia last year has caused the tourism industry to be squeezed with various challenges. Based on current statistics for 2019 which recorded an increase in foreign tourist arrival of 2.7 percent, with an increase of 6.8 percent over the previous year. However, the national tourism sector experienced a severe decline in the percentage of foreign tourist arrivals due to the outbreak of COVID-19. The COVID-19 crisis is a new crisis that has hit the hotel industry around the world, including Malaysia. The gloom of the tourism industry also effects the number of visitors and tourists staying at the hotel. This is because Malaysia is one of the tourisms led countries where the hotel industry is a major contributor to the overall GDP of the country’s economy. This has resulted in many hotels in Malaysia being forced to close temporarily or wind up. For the record, a total of 109 hotels had to close in 2020. Based on data from the Malaysian Hotel Association in 2020, a total of 542 people equivalent to 3 percent of workers were laid off, while 20 percent (3,641) were asked to take unpaid leave and a total of (2,880), 16 percent had faced pay cuts. On the part of the hotel management, salary cuts, termination of rewards and layoffs are some of the drastic actions that have to be taken to ensure business continuity. However, this approach is seen as unfair for hotel workers. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the relationship of job security towards intention to quit during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data of the study involved respondents from the state of Kedah. The population for this study was 1,230 employees working in 40 hotels in Kedah. The target of the population, 291 employees were identified through cluster sampling. In addition, the data of this study was collected using a distributed questionnaire while for the data analysis process using Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS). The results from the analysis found that job security had not a significant relationship with the intention to quit.
THE ROLE OF TOURISM SECTOR IN INCREASING THE INCOME OF ORANG ASLI WOMEN
Authors: Roddin Rohayu , Yusof Yusmarwati , Mukhtar Marina Ibrahim , Kamarudin Khairul Hisyam , Ahmad Hariri Tun Ili Ayuni
Published: September 2021

The problem of poverty is a major problem that has plagued the Orang Asli community since a long time ago. The tourism sector is seen as a sector that can contribute income to this group without having to spend large capital. The role of women in the process of community development is seen as a holistic solution where they could be able to contribute to the progress and development of society and the country. Through the tourism sector, women from the community Orang Asli are able to market their products, skills, and abilities through the production of handicrafts and cultural performances. The study was conducted qualitatively by focusing on women from the Mah Meri tribe in Kampung Sungai Bumbun, Carey Island, Selangor. This location was chosen because the expansion, provision of facilities, and centralization of tourism activities are widely implemented here. The selected respondents are those who have been actively involved in the production of handicrafts and cultural activities. The findings of the study show that the tourism sector is able to bring significant changes where the women of the Mah Meri can increase their income compared to before joining the tourism sector. Through this study, it is hoped to provide a clear view of the role of the tourism sector in increasing the income of Orang Asli women.
Effect of Temperatures on the Pathogenicity of Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Steinernema carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora) for Biocontrol of Octodonta nipae (Maulik)
Authors: Sanda N. B.
Published: September 2021

In the 21st century climate change has been recognized globally as the most impending, and critical issue that affects all animals including insects. In particular, temperature plays an important role in the development, reproduction, host searching, survival, pathogenicity, sex ratio and insect death. The Nipa palm hispid, Octodonta nipae (Maulik) is an important invasive pest of palm trees in Sothern China. Knowledge of how this beetle can be controlled with entomopathogenic nematodes under different environmental temperature is scarce. Therefore, the aims of this study were to test the efficacy of two entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora) at different development temperatures. The pathogenicity was tested at concentration of 100 IJs larva-1 and treatment are kept at four temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and 36°C, 80 ± 5% RH. The results showed that, both nematodes species caused larval mortalities at all the tested temperatures except at 36°C. The highest larval mortalities of 85.3% and 40.6% were obtained at 30°C for both S. carpocapsae and H. bacteriophora respectively. Furthermore, both nematodes penetrated O. nipae larvae at all temperature conditions except at 36°C. Similarly, the highest penetrations of nematodes infective juveniles were recorded at 30°C for S. carpocapsae and H. bacteriophora. The study demonstrated that, warmer temperature enhanced the pathogenicity of nematodes, which in turns trade well with the unprecedented increase in environmental temperature under climate change, for integrated management of this beetle.
Biodiversity and Conservation in Entomology in the 21st Century: An Overview
Authors: Lale N. E. S
Published: September 2021

Biodiversity accounts for the variability among living organisms and its conservation presents insights for mitigating the problem of depletion or exhaustion of biological resources. From the simplest level of genes, species, and ecosystems; biodiversity provides a wide range of goods and services for survival with potential direct or indirect utilization by humans. Biodiversity is key as it constitutes the rich biological resources that typically measures all variations at the genetic, species and ecosystem level and is particularly important for nutrient recycling in soil fertility maintenance; purification of water and air and detoxification of wastes as well as for mitigating pollution and moderation of floods and droughts. It is also invaluable for protecting watersheds and combating erosion; stabilization of climate; and control of pests and diseases. The diversity of insect species is unparalleled being estimated at 1.5 million species but biodiversity is generally threatened in Nigeria by high population growth rate, poverty, policy and legislation constraints as well as poor land use planning and climate change among others. The direct threats to biodiversity in Nigeria include habitat degradation, unsustainable agricultural practices and unsustainable harvesting of biological resources among others. The major approach to biodiversity conservation in Nigeria is the protected-area system and the establishment of a National Insect Museum to be domiciled in one of the Federal Universities is key.
Biodiversity of Insect Vectors and Parasites: Prospects and Challenges in the 21st Century
Authors: Mwansat Georgina Samuel
Published: September 2021

This paper examines diversity of insect vectors and parasites/vector-borne diseases also the successes and challenges in vector control in the 21st century and the way forward suggested. The generally accepted insect biodiversity is estimated to be 5.5 million worldwide with only about 1.5 million described. Generally, four insect orders: Coloeptera, Lepidopera, Hymenoptera and Odonata have been well studied and broadly described. Majority of insect species are known to be beneficial to man and the environment however, insect vectors which are fewer have been identified as causes of morbidity. Mosquitoes which are hematophagous insect vectors are known to be the leading vector for human infectious agents. Insecticides majorly dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) were therefore used for the control of insect vectors. This succeeded only for a short while in the 19th century due to insect vector resistance and the widely condemned ecological disadvantages. This led to the development of safer and more effective insecticides such as the pyrethriods although also plagued with the tendencies of insect vector resistance. However, it has been strongly indicated that there are links between drivers of global biodiversity modification and vector-borne diseases. This is identified as the strongest reason for control programs that are all encompassing, engaging different fields and institutions, communities and individuals. The Integrated Vector Management (IVM) is therefore, advocated as the way forward for control of insect vector in the 21st century. It is encouraged to be practised putting the basic principles of biodiversity conservation which are ensuring biological diversity, ecological integrity and resilience in proper perspective.
Distribution and Abundance of Spider Fauna in Zaria Local Government Area, North West, Nigeria
Authors: Isa I.
Published: September 2021

Spiders are among the most diverse arthropod groups of organisms. This study investigated the distribution and abundance of spiders in five locations in Zaria Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria. The study was conducted for five months, from April to August, 2018. Samples were collected twice each month using vegetation beating, trapping using bottle and handpicking methods. The abundance of each species of spider identified was expressed in percentages while diversity was revealed using Shannon-Wiener diversity index. A total of 217 spiders were collected from all the study locations which belong to 14 families, 24 genera and 28 species. The study locations differ in terms of vegetation, topography and habitat structures. Family Lycosidae was found to be the dominant family which include four genera and five species, followed, by Agelenidae, Amaurobidae and Gnaphosidae which have a species proportion of 10.7% each and 3 species abundance. Area II (Tudun Serika) the most diverse, with 60 spiders collected in this area, belonging to 11 families, 18 genera and 19 species. Area IV (_________) was the least in terms of spider species diversity and abundance with only 12 spiders, belonging to four genera and four families. Cesonia bilineata had high dominance index of 1.315. There is need for proper documentation of spider species available in Nigeria.
Bioefficacy of Some Botanicals Against Gum Arabic Borer, Bruchus baudni Caill (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) on Stored Senegalia senegal Seeds
Authors: Wudil B. S.
Published: September 2021

The use of bio-pesticides has proven to be successful approach in controlling agricultural insect pests. Study was conducted in the Laboratory of the Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bayero University, Kano to study the Biology of Bruchus baudni on treated Senegalia senegal seeds. Seed oils and leaf powders of K. senegalensis and M. oleifera at three concentrations each, a chemical insecticide (Aluminum phosphide as standard check) and a control were laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and replicated three times. Data collected were oviposition, egg hatchability and developmental stages. The results indicated significant reduction in the number of eggs laid (1% and 1.38%) and hatchability (0.00% and 0.57%) on both seed oil and leaf powder treatments, respectively; however, the control recorded the highest eggs laid (99.9%) and number of emerged B. baudni (99.2%). The present findings showed that seeds and leaves of mahogany and moringa were effective as protectant against some of the development stages of B. baudni. Therefore, based on the present results, mahogany and moringa seeds and leaves could be explored to replace the synthetic insecticides in the management of B. baudni especially as components of integrated pest management strategy.
Biocidal Activities of Seed Oils of Jatropha curcas and Moringa oleifera on Development of African Maize Stalk borer, Busseola fusca Fuller (Lepdoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: Sule H.
Published: September 2021

Laboratory experiment was conducted at the Department of Crop Protection Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Bayero University, Kano, in order to assess the effect of oils obtained from the seeds of Jatropha curcas and Moringa oleifera on African Maize Stalk Borer (Busseola fusca Fuller). The effects of the plant seed oils on larvae mortality, pupae and adult emergence were tested on freshly cut leaves/stem of maize 3-4 cm long) and treated with the prepared plant oils at various concentrations (10, 20, and 30%) and control (0%). The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design and replicated four times. The results showed that both plant seeds oils were lethal to the developmental stages of B. fusca, causing mortality (21%) to the larvae, and subsequently preventing and/or suppressing pupae (2.08) and adult emergence (1.95). Treatment at 30% concentration was found to be more lethal to all the developmental stages of the test insect. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that any of the plant seed oils at 30 % concentration could be used to manage B. fusca.
Bioefficacy of Extracts of Hyptis suaveolens, Eugenia aromatica and Azadirachta indica as Field Protectants of Pawpaw Against Paracoccus marginatus Will. and Granara de Willink in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Okeke S. A
Published: September 2021

The papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus is a small sized polyphagous invasive hemipteran bug that attacks several genera of host plants, causing considerable yield loss. Commonly used insecticidal control is being discouraged due to environmental and human health hazards. Information on the control of this pest with botanicals is scanty, therefore the control using selected botanicals was investigated. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of three botanicals: Hyptis suaveolens, Eugenia aromatica and Azadirachta indica were evaluated in screen cages (1.80×0.60×1.50m) for contact toxicity following standard procedures. Cypermethrin® (100 ml a.i ha-1) was used as a standard check. The secondary metabolites in the three plants were analyzed for saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenols, flavonoids and cardinolides following standard procedures. Effective concentration was determined using probit analysis. Both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the botanicals caused adult mortality of P. marginatus. However, the difference in percentage mortality in aqueous extracts of A. indica (54.28±1.7), H. suaveolens (47.5±4.1) and E. aromatica (48.6±1.1) were not significant (P>0.05). Percentage mortality of ethanolic extracts of A. indica (87.40±4.8) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than both E. aromatica (74.40.16±2.4) and H. suaveolens (72.10.58±2.8). Concentration of the secondary metabolites varied in the botanicals with H. suaveolens having higher flavonoids (107.08mg/100g), cardinolides (46.06 mg/100g) and terpenoids (3.17mg/100g) while A. indica had higher saponins (10.33mg/100g) and phenols (1938.48mg/100g) while E. aromatica had comparatively higher alkaloids (0.59%). The LC50 ranged from 3.61mg/kg in A. indica, to 4.64mg/kg in E. aromatica and 4.52mg/kg in H. suaveolens. The ethanolic extracts of botanicals evaluated were more effective than the aqueous extracts and can serve as a substitute to the synthetic insecticides for the control of P. marginatus.
Residual Content of Persistent Insecticides in the Fresh Nuts of Cola Acuminata Cohac from Kumbotso Local Government Area of Kano State and Implication for Public Health
Authors: Alkali Z.D
Published: September 2021

The pesticide residues in kola nut, Cola acuminata obtained from Mariri Market, Kumbotso Local Government Area, Kano state of Nigeria was investigated. The study consisted of a survey and laboratory analysis of kola nut samples. One hundred structured questionnaires were administered through an open market format in the major kola nut market in the state. In addition, 1kg sample of kola nut was collected randomly from ten major kola nut sellers in the market for analysis. A 100g sample of the kola nut was pounded into paste in a blender of which 50g was soaked in 150mL acetone for 24h. The extracted sample was filtered through anhydrous sodium sulfate while the extract was evaporated to near dryness using a rotary evaporator at 28oC in the Laboratory. Residue was redissolved in 2 mL acetone and kept in the refrigerator for GCMS Analysis. Ten pesticidal compounds were detected from a comparison of data with reference to mass spectrometry data (NIST05.LIB) and significant occurrence in kola nut sample which had a corresponding molecules affiliated to some pesticides standards were detected in the sample
Insects and Their Products as a Potential Source of Food, Feed and Economic Security: A Review
Authors: Dattijo S. A
Published: September 2021

Due to many ways by which they are exploited, insects and their products could be a very big business. They are sold for agricultural protection, crop pollination, as well as human, livestock and pet nutrition. In addition, their products are sold for pharmaceuticals, health, and the implements for research, art works and a host of other uses. This review focused on commercialization of insects and their products with a view of sharing existing knowledge on global commerce of various insects and their products. Available literature revealed that there was an increase in demand for edible insects in the United States of America and prices were as high as $150 kg-1. Similarly, between 2010 and 2015, animal feed market in the United Kingdom grew at 3.5% annually and is currently worth £5 billion. Because of its scarcity, high demand, and recognition of its healing properties, royal jelly, one of the most sought after from bee products commands astronomical price internationally. In addition, no any other industry could generate high level of employment as sericulture, especially in rural areas where it takes 11 workdays to produce a Kg of raw silk. The contribution insects and their products can give to improve the economy of a developing country such as Nigeria is considerable, but underestimated or neglected. Insects are unlikely to make a major contribution in the near future, but the idea that they are potential source of overcoming the economic problems is not as farfetched as it seemed. Therefore, there is the need to adopt an added value approach to insects and their products and sensitize as well as encourage small-scale farmers, who are disadvantaged in international market participation due to lack of access to information, services, technology or the capacity, to produce larger volumes of quality insect products.