bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kvėpavimo takų infekcijos radiologinė diagnostika
Authors: Dovrovolskienė Laima , Stražinskas Mindaugas
Published: November 2020

Kvėpavimo takų infekcijos klinikiniai požymiai, kaip antai kosulys, skrepliavimas, karščiavimas, gali pasireikšti sergant įvairioms kvėpavimo sistemos ligoms bei imituoti kitos kilmės plaučių ligas, pvz., navikinį procesą. Įtariant kvėpavimo takų infekciją, krūtinės ląstos rentgenografija yra pirmos eilės radiologinis tyrimo metodas. Tačiau, kai klinikiniai simptomai nelengvėja ar ligonio būklė pablogėja, o pradinis radiologinis vaizdas kartojant rentgenogramą lieka neaiškus ar pokyčiai išplitę, būtina atlikti krūtinės ląstos kompiuterinę tomografiją (KT). Kai jonizuojančiąja spinduliuote pagrįsto KT tyrimo daryti negalima, pvz., nėščiosioms pacientėms arba ligoniams, alergiškiems jodo kontrastinėms medžiagoms, gali būti atliekama nekenksminga magnetinio rezonanso tomografija (MRT). Ji suteikia tą pačią informaciją kaip ir KT. Sluoksniniai radiologiniai tyrimo metodai (KT ir MRT) gydytojui klinicistui suteikia papildomos vertingos informacijos apie plaučių infekcinio pažeidimo lokalizaciją ir išplitimą, apie gretimų ligų foną ir predisponuojančius veiksnius, padeda diagnozuoti komplikacijas ir stebėti ligonio būklę gydant ir po gydymo. Radiologiniuose vaizduose dauguma bakterinės kvėpavimo takų infekcijos požymių yra panašūs ir netipiniai, todėl jų vertė nedidelė. Vis dėlto yra keletas specifinių radiologinių požymių (TBC, virusinė ar grybelinė infekcija), rodančių proceso kilmę, išplitimą ir komplikacijas.
Plaučių arterijos trombinės embolijos gydymas ir profilaktika
Authors: Nutautienė Rūta , Miliauskas Skaidrius , Žemaitis Marius
Published: November 2020

Plaučių arterijos tromboembolija (PATE) lemia didelį sergamumą ir mirštamumą. Nustačius diagnozę, per 1 mėnesį maždaug 12 proc. PATE atvejų baigiasi mirtimi. JAV per metus nuo PATE miršta apie 600 tūkst. žmonių. Diagnostikai palengvinti ir optimaliai gydymo taktikai numatyti, remiantis 2008 m. Europos kardiologų draugijos paskelbtomis ūminės plaučių arterijos embolijos diagnostikos ir gydymo gairėmis, rekomenduojama naudoti Ženevos ir Velso PATE klinikinės tikimybės vertinimo skales, o iki šiol taikyto PATE skirstymo į masyvią, vidutinę ir nemasyvią siūloma atsisakyti. Vietoje to vertinti su PATE susijusios ankstyvos mirties riziką, kuri nustatoma atsižvelgiant į hemodinamikos stabilumą. Gelbstint pacientų gyvybę, svarbiausia atkurti kraujotaką užsikimšusioje plaučių arterijoje bei užtikrinti tinkamas profilaktikos priemones, kurios sumažintų sergamumą ir mirštamumą nuo PATE komplikacijų.
Realias gyvenimo sąlygas atspindinčio perspektyviojo tyrimo PRISMA rezultatai
Authors: Hoppenot Deimantė
Published: November 2020

Straipsnyje pristatomi realias gyvenimo sąlygas atspindinčio perspektyviojo momentinio PRISMA tyrimo rezultatai.
Redescription of Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae), with three new synonyms from China
Authors: Chen Guan-Yu , Ke Yun-Ling , Liang Wei-Ren , Li Hou-Feng
Published: November 2020

The Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, 1909, is an important structural pest in Mainland China, Japan, Taiwan, Bahamas, and the United States. Coptotermes formosanus was first described in Japanese, and the morphological description was too simple for congeneric species differentiation, resulting in confusion in species identification. To date, ten junior synonyms of C. formosanus have been reported. To avoid further confusion, we redescribed C. formosanus based on the type specimen and the specimens from the type locality, Taiwan. Most of the Coptotermes Wasmann, 1896 taxonomy has been clarified worldwide and the Chinese case remains an outlier, with many species that need to be revised. We further examined the taxonomic statuses of four Chinese species, C. chang­taiensis Xia & He, 1986, C. hekouensis Xia & He, 1986, C. shanghaiensis Xia & He, 1986, and C. suzhouensis Xia & He, 1986. We proposed that C. changtaiensis, C. hekouensis, and C. suzhouensis are the junior synonyms of C. formosanus. Even though the morphological characters of C. shanghaiensis are similar to C. formosanus, the body size of the former is significantly smaller. Additional Coptotermes samples collected from the Shanghai area would be required for the taxonomic status of C. shanghaiensis to be confirmed.
Unexpected inhibitory cascade in the molariforms of sloths (Folivora, Xenarthra): a case study in xenarthrans honouring Gerhard Storch’s open-mindedness
Authors: Varela Luciano , Tambusso P. Sebastián , Fariña Richard A.
Published: November 2020

The inhibitory cascade (IC) represents a developmental model that explains the evolution of molar relative sizes, originally described in rodents but later validated in several mammalian groups. The IC comprises signalling molecules produced by the first molar buds that inhibit the development of subsequent molars and molecules from surrounding tissues that have opposite effects. Sloths, as xenarthrans, present many peculiarities in their dentition, like tooth and enamel loss, homodonty, and changes in the typically mammalian dental formula. Here, we test the existence of an IC and explore the evolution of the lower dentition in sloths. We studied the variability of molariform proportions in 20 specimens of the Late Pleistocene ground sloth Lestodon armatus. We also analysed molariforms proportions in 53 sloth genera to explore evolutionary trends. Our results show that the lower dentition of most sloths complies with the IC model, despite the difficulties of assessing dental homologies with other mammals. Furthermore, we tested the existence of different patterns among families, obtaining support for models taking mylodontids and orophodontids separately from the rest of sloths. Also, members of Mylodontidae show a unique IC pattern, with a slope considerably higher than 2 and an mf1 ≤ mf2 << mf3 configuration. This pattern could be related to the morphological adaptations to grazing showed by mylodontids during most of their evolutionary history.
Dental anomaly in a middle Miocene fossil of the genus Spermophilinus (Rodentia, Sciuridae) from southern Germany
Authors: Prieto Jérôme , Rummel Michael , Peláez-Campomanes Pablo , Vasilyan Davit
Published: November 2020

The maxillary presented in this work has been excavated in the middle Miocene karst filling Petersbuch 136 (Germany, Bavaria) and shows the oldest evidence of dental anomaly in a sciurid. The aberrant morphology, probably hyperdontia or no replacement of roots of deciduous teeth, affects the area of the P3, a tooth that is generally not well documented in the Spermophilinus record.
Classification Of Pilgrimages In Sherobod Oasis
Authors:   Candidate Of Historical Sciences, Doctoral Student (Dsc) National University Of Uzbekistan, Djuraeva Sanabar
Published: November 2020

This article summarizes the geographical location and architecture of the shrines in the Sherabad oasis of the Surkhandarya region, as well as the life of the scholars and scholars buried there. At the same time, the classification of shrines and their role in the life of the local population as our material heritage are scientifically substantiated.
Statistical analysis of the situation and development of the labor market of Ukraine in the context of professional qualification trends
Authors: SMOKVINA Hanna , CHAN Tkhi Tkhan Tkhui
Published: November 2020

Introduction. The transformation of social, economic and social relations in the current context of globalization has led to a structural crisis in the labor market. The formation of the knowledge economy, the benefits of information technology, the rapid development of the service sector, changes in working conditions and content, strong competition require review, update and adapt the system of regulation and development of the labor market, with the needs of skilled labor. Unfortunately, the state policy in this direction does not provide an integrated approach to forecasting supply and demand for skilled labor in today's conditions.
The purpose of the paper is to conduct a statistical analysis of the state and development of the labor market of Ukraine in the context of professional and qualification trends and identify promising areas of employment.
Results. The state and problematic issues of the labor market development of Ukraine are determined based on statistical research in the context of professional and qualification trends. The main reasons that led to the increase in free labor are considered. The state of the labor force, demand in the labor market and changes in employment dynamics by sectors of the economy are analyzed. On the basis of the conducted analysis the forecast of the level of employment of the population of Ukraine, demand in the labor market on priority professional and qualified groups for the next 5 years is carried out. Promising sectors of the economy have been identified where growth is expected and employment may decline.
Conclusion. It is proposed to carry out statistical analysis and identify the main trends in the labor market in the formation of government procurement by the state, as well as in the formation of preferences in the choice of professions by the population for 5 to 7 years, which will partially solve employment and unemployment.
Analisis Loyalitas Merek Pada Konsumen Minuman Kesehatan
Authors: Muhamad Tito , Nastiti Heni
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kepuasan pelanggan, promosi dan citra merek terhadap loyalitas merek serta pengaruh citra merek sebagai variabel mediasi.  Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah target demografi konsumen YouC1000 berusia 15-30 tahun.  Ukuran sampel diambil sebanyak 75 responden, dengan teknik pengambilan sampel non-probability sampling dengan metode sampel purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penyebaran kuesioner online berbentuk google form.  Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah metode analisis inferensial melalui PLS (Partial Least Square) dengan software SmartPLS 3.2.9. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa (1) kepuasan pelanggan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap citra merek, (2) kepuasan pelanggan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap loyalitas merek, (3) promosi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap citra merek, (4) promosi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap loyalitas merek, (5) Citra merek tidak berpengaruh terhadap loyalitas merek, (6) Kepuasan pelanggan melalui citra merek tidak berpengaruh terhadap loyalitas merek, (7) promosi melalui citra merek tidak berpengaruh terhadap loyalitas merek. Serta memiliki nilai R-Square adjusted sebesar 0,685.
POSSIBILITIES OF APPLICATION OF HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECOLOGICALLY EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGIES OF DESULFURIZATION OF OIL FRACTIONS
Authors: Stepanov N. , Senko O. , Gladchenko М. , Gaydamaka S. , Akopyan A. , Eseva Е. , Lysenko S. , Anisimov А. , Efremenko E.
Published: November 2020

Development and implementation of new approaches to desulfurization of oil products, as well as the gradual transformation of the oil and gas sector of the economy with a focus on sustainable development are topical. At the same time, the development and application of heterogeneous chemical and / or biocatalytic (cells, enzymes) catalysts is attractive. Such catalysts are highly efficient, have an increased useful life, and can be easily concentrated on the required number of catalysis sites, in particular, at the phase boundary, and then separated from the working medium.
CLONING AND EXPRESSION OF CHITINASE 19 FAMILIE FROM D.CAPENSIS
Authors: Chulkin A. , Rozhkova A. , Sinitsyn A. A.
Published: November 2020

Sequence of family 19 chitinase was cloned from Drosera capensis. Implemented expression in different strains of E.coli and developed a refolding method. Describes the primary biochemical characteristics of the full-length chitinase and its shape without chitin-binding domain.
BIODEGRADATION OF PHOSPHORORGANIC POLLUTANTS BY SOIL BACTERIA: BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS AND UNSOLVED PROBLEMS
Authors: Shushkova T. , Epiktetov D. , Tarlachkov S. , Ermakova I. , Leontievsky A.
Published: November 2020

Biodegradation of stable organophosphorus (OP) pollutants was studied in 8 soil bacterial isolates. Differences in OP uptake dynamics in closely related strains possessing the same set of OP-catabolizing enzymes were discovered. This suggests the existence of unknown mechanisms of regulation of these processes.
NEUROENZYMOLOGY. MECHANISM OF ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE FUNCTIONING IN CHOLINERGIC SYNAPSE
Authors: Varfolomeev S. , Bykov V.
Published: November 2020

A kinetic model describing the dynamics of synaptic "discharge" taking into account the kinetics of neurotransmitter release into a synaptic cleft, pH-dependence of the enzyme catalytic activity and diffusion proton removal has been proposed and studied.
EXPRESS METHODS OF NON-INSTRUMENT DETECTION OF HEAVY METALS BASED ON GOLD NANOPARTICLE COMPLEXES WITH OLIGONUCLEOTIDES
Authors: Komova N. , Zherdev A. , Dzantiev B.
Published: November 2020

Gold nanoparticles were modified by oligonucleotides and the interaction with heavy metals was studied. The aptamer-metal interaction processes were studied, and the detection capabilities of heavy metals (mercury, lead) in the presence of other ions were described. Two methods of analysis (homogeneous and heterogeneous) using oligonucleotide sequences were tested and compared.
DEVELOPMENT OF APPROACHES TO ENSURE A SYSTEM OF PREVENTIVE MEASURES FOR PREVENTING BIOGENIC THREATS FOR PLANT CROPS
Authors: Kamionskaya A.
Published: November 2020

Proposals have been developed for the creation of a qualitatively new approach to ensure preventive measures to prevent biogenic threats - “safe design”. It is shown that an increase in the level of safety can be achieved due to the priority of the ex-ante methodological approach over the ex-post and changes in methods and tools of realization.
IMPACT OF MICROFINANCE LOANS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SMES: THE CASE OF LEBANON
Authors: Moussa Fida
Published: November 2020

Microfinance is the arrangement of budgetary administrations to low-income individuals and to SMEs. An empirical study was undertaken to identify the relationship between micro credits from MFIs and the SMEs’ financial performance. Secondary data were collected from 17 SMEs in North Lebanon. Another secondary data were collected from four MFIs in Lebanon concerning the characteristics of their beneficiaries. Data were analyzed using SPSS Ver. 23. The results showed notable relationships between amount of micro loan and the dependent variables, the number of women recipients of credits remains little in Lebanon, the categories of businesses mostly profiting from the MFIs in Lebanon are commerce, service, and trade sectors and the beneficiaries are primarily situated at Mount Lebanon, South, Bekaa, and at the north. The research contributes to the enduring deliberation on the effect of micro loans on the SMEs’ financial performance. It is vital to see how MFIs could add to the monetary advancement of the country, by improving the welfare levels of all the needy individuals. This study can be utilized to provide useful empirical evidence for future research and to raise awareness on this significant matter for SMEs’ managers, MFIs’ managers and clients, and for the analysts.
Benefits of fecal microbiota transplantation: A comprehensive review
Authors: Ademe Muluneh
Published: November 2020

A growing body of literatures showed the interaction of dysbiotic gut with a wide range of disorders, and the clinical use of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) shifted from infectious disease to non-communicable disorders. Despite the promising therapeutic benefits of FMT, the exact mechanisms through which fecal recipients benefit from the fecal intervention are not well understood. However, owing to the advantages of having a healthy gut microbiome, possible mechanisms of actions of FMT has been described. On the one hand, through direct ecological competition, FMT may potentially stimulate decolonization of pathogenic microorganisms and increase host resistance to pathogens. Moreover, following dysbiosis, abnormal microbial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract may also cause excessive or dysregulated immune response, resulting in chronic inflam­mation and the development of mucosal lesions. In this regard, repopulating gut microbiome through FMT helps to restore immune function and reduce host damage. On the other hand, FMT helps to restore essential metabolites used for host metabolism, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), antimicrobial peptides (AMP), bacteriocins and bile acids. Therefore, in this review, the existing evidences regarding the mechanisms of action, current opportunities and challenges of FMT will be described.
Correction of Moderate to High Hyperopia With Implantation of an Allogeneic Refractive Lenticule
Authors: Wu Jiawei , Xiong Lu , Wang Zheng , Reinstein Dan Z. , Vida Ryan S. , Archer Timothy J.
Published: November 2020

PURPOSE:

To describe the visual outcomes of correcting moderate to high hyperopia after two different surgical procedures of lenticular implantation.

METHODS:

This prospective small case series study used epikeratophakia combined with transepithelial phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK-EP) and femtosecond laser–assisted lenticule intrastromal keratoplasty (LIKE) using myopic small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE)–derived refractive lenticule for correcting hyperopia ranging from +3.00 to +10.00 diopters (D). The implanted refractive lenticule was matched with the recipient's manifest refraction. The visual, refractive, corneal tomographic, and epithelial thickness outcomes were analyzed after surgery.

RESULTS:

Four eyes underwent PTK-EP and 6 eyes underwent LIKE. At the last postoperative visit, 6 of 10 eyes had uncorrected distance visual acuity equal to or better than the preoperative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA). No eyes lost one line or more of CDVA postoperatively. Postoperative spherical equivalent was within ±0.50 D of the target for 9 of 10 eyes. Posterior corneal curvature slightly steepened for PTK-EP and LIKE. Postoperative epithelial thickness demonstrated the expected doughnut pattern in both groups characterized by epithelium in the central zone (5 mm) thinner than that in the peripheral zone (5 to 7 mm).

CONCLUSIONS:

Visual outcomes, refraction, posterior corneal surface changes, and epithelial remodeling after PTKEP or LIKE show a potentially useful modality for correcting moderate to high hyperopia.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2020;36(11):772–779.]
Decision-Making for Children with Medical Complexity: The Role of the Primary Care Pediatrician
Authors: Lee K. Jane , Hill Douglas L. , Feudtner Chris
Published: November 2020

Families of children with medical complexity (CMC) face many types of health-related decisions. These decisions vary in magnitude of consequences, degree of risk, time scale, degree of tradeoffs, degree of uncertainty, degree of linkage with other decisions, and reversibility. There are many influences on decision-making, including evidence, hopes, and values. Primary care pediatricians are in a unique position to assist families of CMC with decision-making. Pediatric clinicians have an opportunity to establish a trusting relationship with a family over time and to understand the family's values, beliefs, and preferences during periods of relative health and stability. This allows primary care pediatricians to support families in decision-making by helping to clarify their values and goals and apply those values to the decision at hand.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2020;49(11):e473–e477.]
Overmedicalization in Children with Medical Complexity
Authors: Pordes Elisabeth , Goodpasture Meggan , Bordini Brett J.
Published: November 2020

Children with medical complexity (CMC) are a unique pediatric patient population with increased exposure and interactions with the health care system and reliance on family caregivers. These attributes place CMC at high risk of overmedicalization (OM). This article reviews the risk factors for OM in CMC and presents an algorithm that primary providers can use to recognize and address this issue. Involvement of a broad multidisciplinary team, including child advocacy when needed, is recommended. The article also focuses on challenges and additional considerations that arise when medical child abuse as the cause of OM is suspected in this population.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2020;49(11):e478–e485.]
Health Literacy Research Funded by the NIH for Disease Prevention
Authors: Villani Jennifer , Trivedi Neha
Published: November 2020

Background:

Advancing health literacy is a fundamental step toward achieving population health. To that end, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) funded research to increase scientific understanding of how health literacy can reduce disparities and enhance the health of the United States.

Objective:

This study identified and evaluated NIH-funded health literacy research focusing on disease prevention.

Methods:

New R01, R03, and R21 research project grants awarded from fiscal year (FY) 2004 to FY 2017 studying health literacy and disease prevention were identified. Study characteristics, including the role of health literacy, how health literacy was measured, populations studied, and study design, were coded for each grant. Administrative grant data were obtained from the NIH's internal database. Research impact was assessed using the relative citation ratio (RCR).

Key Results:

There were 192 grants studying health literacy and disease prevention awarded by 18 NIH institutes and centers from FY 2004 to FY 2017, covering a wide variety of health conditions including cancer (26.0%), infectious diseases (13.5%), nutrition (8.3%), drug/alcohol use (7.8%), and cardiovascular disease (6.3%). Most grants studied the health literacy skills of patients (88%), with a few studies assessing the health literacy practices of health care providers (2.1%) or systems (1%). There was good representation of populations with traditionally low levels of health literacy, including Black/African American participants (30.2%), Hispanic/Latinx participants (28.6%), older adults (37%), and people with low income (20.8%). The scientific articles generated by these grants were more than twice (RCR = 2.18) as influential on the field as similar articles.

Conclusions:

The NIH provided support for a wide array of prevention-focused health literacy research. The value of this research is highlighted by the number of funding institutes and centers, the diversity of populations and health conditions studied, and the effect these grants had on the field. Future research should move beyond patient-level health literacy to health literacy practices of health care systems and providers.

[
HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2020, 4(4):e212–e223.]

Plain Language Summary:

This study describes health literacy research funded by the National Institutes of Health that focused on disease prevention. These grants sought to prevent a variety of health conditions, but health literacy research over the past 14 years continued to concentrate on the capacity of patients despite increased attention on the health literacy practices of health care providers and systems.
The Effect of Teaching Collocations to Kurdish Tertiary Students through Mobile Learning
Authors: Mallampalli Sasi Sekhar , Goyal Shriya
Published: November 2020

Proficiency in English occupies a significant place in the newly formed Kurdistan region of Iraq.  English is considered a window of opportunities and economic development of its people and the region. The quality of teaching and learning plays a crucial role in achieving the objective. However, the lack of trained teachers in English at the school level has severely affected the standards of English at the tertiary level. Students pursuing undergraduate courses at Cihan University find it a challenging task to meet the required standards. The lack of a strong foundation in English in addition to the constraints of time and the high standards of the curriculum at the tertiary level makes it more challenging for the teachers to teach them writing skills. The present study aims at exposing the Kurdish students to English collocations vocabulary through Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL) to enhance their writing and communicative purposes. Twenty-five students from undergraduate courses were randomly selected for the purpose of the study. The results have shown an improved performance of the students in using the right collocations. The study brings out the need for integrating MALL in the regular curriculum at the tertiary levels in Kurdistan.
Top-K Human Activity Recognition Dataset
Authors: Gadebe Moses Lesiba , Kogeda Okuthe Paul
Published: November 2020

The availability of Smartphones has increased the possibility of self-monitoring to increase physical activity and behavior change to prevent obesity. However self-monitoring on a Smartphtone comes with some challenges such as unavailability of lightweight classification algorithm, personalized dataset to completely capture bodily postures, subject sensitivity, limited storage and computational power. However, most classification algorithms such as Support Vector Machines, C4.5, Naïve Bayes and K Neighbor relies on larger dataset to accurately predict human activities. In this paper, we present top-k of compressed small personalized dataset to reduce computational cost with increased accuracy. We collected top-k personalized dataset from 13 recruited subjects. After benchmarking our collected dataset we found that the dataset is suitable for tree-oriented algorithm, especially the Random Forest, C4.5 and Boosted tree with accuracy and precision of 100% except for KNN, Support Vector and Naïve Bayes. Further, our top-k personalized dataset improves pruning and overfitting of tree-oriented algorithms. Moreover, the linear consistence of static human activities reveals the potential of our top-k dataset to be replicated to multiple-subject to close subject sensitivity challenge.
T Cell–Intrinsic CX3CR1 Marks the Most Differentiated Effector CD4+ T Cells, but Is Largely Dispensable for CD4+ T Cell Responses during Chronic Viral Infection
Authors: Batista Nathália V , Chang Yu-Han , Chu Kuan-Lun , Wang Kuan Chung , Girard Mélanie , Watts Tania H
Published: November 2020

CD4+ T cells play critical roles during chronic viral infections, but the factors that regulate these responses remain incompletely defined. During chronic infection of mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus clone 13 (LCMV13), the TNFR family member GITR plays a critical CD4+ T cell–intrinsic role in allowing T cell accumulation and viral control. Previously, RNA sequencing of GITR+/+ and GITR−/− T cells sorted from the spleen of mice at day 3 of LCMV13 infection identified the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 as increased by GITR signaling in CD4+ T cells. In this study, we evaluated the role of CX3CR1 on CD4+ T cells during LCMV13 infection. CX3CR1 expression is induced on Ag-specific CD4+ T cells upon Ag stimulation, and GITR signaling further increases the level of CX3CR1 expression. CX3CR1 marks the most differentiated T-bethi, Th1 effector population. Adoptively transferred CX3CR1−/− SMARTA cells had slightly reduced expression of T-bet and IFN-γ per cell compared with their CX3CR1+/+ counterparts but showed no deficit in accumulation in the spleen, lung, or liver. In mixed-radiation chimeras reconstituted with CX3CR1+/+ and CX3CR1−/− bone marrow, CX3CR1+/+ CD4+ T cells showed a marginal deficit in tissue-resident memory T cell numbers compared with the CX3CR1−/− T cells. CX3CR1 may limit acquisition of the tissue-resident memory T cell phenotype because of its effects on increasing T-bet expression, albeit these small effects are unlikely to be of major biological significance. Taken together, these studies show that CX3CR1 marks the most highly differentiated CD4+ Th1 effector population but is largely dispensable for CD4+ T cell responses during chronic viral infection.
Is tobacco Quitline cost effective in India?
Authors: Kumar Raj , Saroj Shyam Kanhaiya
Published: November 2020

Quitlines are effective, evidence-based tobacco cessation interventions that help tobacco users quit through a variety of services. The present study was done to evaluate the cost effectiveness of the National Tobacco Quitline Service (NTQLS). We calculated twoyear program use and costs for establishment, salary of the staff, media promotions, intervention services, Quitline registration calls and the number of quitters since inception of NTQLS in the year 2016, we examined whether NTQLS is cost-effective or not. Out of 63,350 callers, 9420 (97.9% males) callers with the mean ±SD age at 37.5±12.6 years; were registered for tobacco cessation counselling services at the National Tobacco Quitline Services (NTQLS) between 30th May 2016 and 31st May 2018. 3012 (32%) quitted their tobacco use till the last proactive calls. Average cost per completed counselling was 22.37 US$. Our study concludes that Tobacco Quitline as a tobacco control intervention is an excellent investment and cost-effective measure in India. Average cost per quitter at 69.96 US$ is comparatively very low to other country’s Quitline, representing the ideal utilization of funds.
A filamentous trio
Authors: Raj Rishabh , Venkatnarayan Kavitha , Krishnaswamy Uma Maheswari , Devaraj Uma , Ramachandran Priya , Savio Jayanthi
Published: November 2020

Opportunistic infections caused by fungi and unusual bacteria are predominantly encountered in the setting of immunosuppressed host. Co-infections with multiple such organisms can pose multiple challenges even to the astute clinician from establishing the diagnosis to drug interactions during treatment of such infections. We hereby present one such case of a triple opportunistic infection in an immunocompetent host and the difficulties faced in the therapeutic decision making.
Zika Virus Disease Comparing Children and Adults in a Dengue-Endemic Setting
Authors: Wongsawat Jurai , Vivong Nutcharin , Suttha Patama , Utayamakul Sumonmal , Aumpornareekul Somtavil , Chewcharat Api , Chokephaibulkit Kulkanya
Published: November 2020

Acute Zika virus (ZIKV) infection may mimic dengue virus (DENV) infection. We aimed to study the clinical difference of ZIKV disease among suspected non-severe DENV patients comparing children and adults. Patients with acute illness suspected of DENV disease plus no evidence of plasma leakage at the Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute, Nonthaburi, Thailand, were enrolled from December 2016 to September 2018. Clinical data including DENV rapid diagnostic test (RDT) results were collected. Zika virus diagnosis was confirmed by real-time reverse transcription PCR on urine. Of 291 (180 pediatric and 111 adult) cases enrolled, 27 (10 pediatric and 17 adult) confirmed ZIKV cases were found. Rash was more frequent among pediatric ZIKV than pediatric non-ZIKV cases (100% versus 60%, P = 0.01). Rash, arthralgia, and conjunctivitis were more frequent among adult ZIKV than adult non-ZIKV cases (100% versus 29.8%, 64.7% versus 26.6%, 52.9% versus 9.7%, all P < 0.01, respectively). The median (interquartile range [IQR]) duration of rash was 4.5 (3.0, 7.25) days and 6.0 (4.5, 7.0) days in pediatric and adults ZIKV cases, respectively. Pediatric ZIKV cases had more fever (100% versus 58.5%, P = 0.03) but less arthralgia (20% versus 64.7%, P = 0.04) and less conjunctivitis (10% versus 52.9%, P = 0.04) than adult ZIKV cases. No ZIKV cases with DENV RDTs performed around day 3 of illness were positive for dengue nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) antigen. In dengue-endemic settings, rash and fever in children, and rash, arthralgia, and conjunctivitis in adults, particularly if rash persists for ≥ 3 days, plus negative dengue NS1 Ag during early febrile phase should prompt ZIKV diagnostic testing.
The flash drought of 1936
Authors:   Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc, Hunt Eric
Published: November 2020

An exceptional flash drought during the spring and summer of 1936 led to extreme heat waves, large losses of human life and significant reductions of crop production. An analysis of historic precipitation and temperature records shows that the flash drought originated over the southeastern United States (U.S.) in April 1936. The flash drought then spread north and westward through the early summer of 1936 and possibly merged with a flash drought that had developed in the spring over the northern Plains. The timing of the flash drought was particularly ill-timed as most locations were at or entering their climatological peak for precipitation at the onset of flash drought, thus maximizing the deficits of precipitation. Thus, by early July most locations in the central and eastern U.S. were either in drought or rapidly cascading toward drought. The weeks that followed the 1st of July were some of the hottest on record in the U.S., with two major heat waves: first over the Midwest and eastern U.S. in the first half of July and then across the south-central U.S in the month of August. The combination of the flash drought and heat wave led to an agricultural disaster in the north central U.S. and one of the deadliest events in U.S. history.
Interviewing Exercises: Lessons from Family Therapy
Authors: Chenail Ronald
Published: November 2020

Interviewing has become a widely used means for data generation in qualitative research. It is also a popular approach for counselors and therapists in their qualitative research projects. A major reason qualitative research-style interviewing is a favored technique with researching clinicians is that it is so similar to the way in which counselors and therapists interact with their clients in therapy sessions. Given this closeness in form, it would make sense that some of the ways therapists are taught to interview could be adapted to help beginning qualitative researchers learn interviewing skills as well. In this paper, three sets of exercises are presented which can be employed in the training of qualitative research interviewers.
REPRESENTATION OF LEARNING THEORIES IN THE DESIGN OF ELECTRONIC COURSES IN THE CONTEXT OF HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Technical Sciences in Čačak, Đorić Biljana
Published: November 2020

E-learning is based on numerous psychological and pedagogical theories of learning, which is why their implementation in the context of instructional design can greatly affect the organization and content of e-courses. Diversity in the contents of certain teaching areas requires different approaches in shaping the learning environment. Therefore, the aim of this pilot study is to examine the representation of learning theories in e-course design in the context of higher education. For the needs of the research, an instrument was created which was piloted on a sample of 20 teachers and associates of the Faculty of Technical Sciences in Čačak, University of Kragujevac. The questionnaire covers the following learning theories: behavioral theories, individual and social constructivism, cognitivism and enactivism. The results of this research indicate that teachers and associates give statistically different estimates of the representation of individual learning theories in their e-courses, although these differences do not exist between all compared categories. The principles of individual constructivism are most represented, and social constructivism and enactivism are the least represented. Based on the obtained results, the paper presents pedagogical and research implications for a more detailed examination and understanding of the subject of research.
THE PROBLEM OF LEARNING BORROWINGS IN SERBIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE ON THE EXAMPLE OF GERMANISMS (IN RELATION TO SPORTS VOCABULARY)
Authors:   University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland, Bonkowski Robert
Published: November 2020

The paper sheds light on the problem of borrowings, which is extremely important when learning Serbian as a foreign language. The Serbian language is very open to elements from other languages. On the example of Germanisms (in the field of sports vocabulary), as foreign elements, it is possible to expand the vocabulary of students of the Serbian language as a foreign language. Borrowings, as part of the lexical subsystem, provide an opportunity to become important material that will meet studentsʼ expectations in terms of greater autonomy in language learning, didactic cooperation instead of learning itself, as well as the inclusion of various work techniques that would make language learning more attractive.
THE IMPORTANCE OF SAVA’S SPELLING BOOK IN THE BEGINNERS’ COURSE OF READING AND WRITING AND IN THE TEACHING OF SERBIAN CULTURE
Authors:   University of Istočno Sarajevo, Faculty of Philosophy, Pale, Samardžić Biljana , Škipina Daliborka ,   University of Istočno Sarajevo, Faculty of Philosophy, Pale
Published: November 2020

The authors of this paper deal with the pedagogical and philological significance of Sava’s Spelling Book printed in Russia (Moscow) in 1692, in the Russian-Slavonic language. This spelling book is about 100 years younger than the First Serbian Spelling Book (The Spelling Book of Sava Inok of the monastery Dečani). This spelling book of the Russian recension reached all the way to the Serbian lands, being, on one hand, the precedent, and on the other hand, the follower to the books that are to appear in Serbia and its new literary language. The authors of this paper explain in a detailed way the method of letter teaching by which each letter (Slavonic, Greek, and Latin) is being assigned a corresponding picture. This points out to the pedagogical approach to the acquisition of new knowledge (the basics of reading and writing) which uses pictures of animals and plants in order to facilitate the process of letter learning. In his lecture, KarionIstomin, the author of the spelling book, suggested totally new teaching methods i.e. the new methods. Namely, Sava’s Spelling book is the precursor of contemporary spelling books, since all of them use the connection between letters and pictures as the basis of their teaching method.
SPORT IN THE TRAP OF GLOBALIZATION: A MEDIA SPECTACLE, AN IDEOLOGICAL INSTRUMENT AND UNIVERSAL MEANS OF COMMUNICATION
Authors: Penezic Slobodan
Published: November 2020

This text tends to shed light on the current position and role of sport, as a kind of contemporary phenomenon, which follows the outlines of dominant global trends, but which, therefore, causes various consequences for individuals, groups and entire societies. It is the result of the analysis of this phenomenon done during the preparation of the master thesis “Sport as a Phenomenon of Contemporary Culture” at the Faculty of Political Sciences, University of Belgrade, and therefore includes one part of it. In considering the phenomenon itself, it starts from the perspective of contemporary cultural studies and tries to see the place of sport in current social movements. Thus, the accent is on its place and role, and also on the causes and consequences of the process of which it is obviously a part of. Starting from its primary features and functions, the focus is on those elements that are an evident part of every sporting event today; the positive ones, which encourage models of behaviour that bring the modern individual closer to the ancient ideals of the athlete, but also the negative ones, which are the reverse of such aspirations, and which today, due to these global trends, are accompanied by the race for money and popularity. These are negativities that have become a completely acceptable component of sport over time, and the consequences of which, however, are not talked about enough, although they are often in the foreground, pushing to the margin those original motives of chivalry and Olympism. In that way, the very essence of the existence of sport and sports competitions is gradually being suppressed.
THE EFFECTS OF P-ALAXIN ON FERTILITY AND HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN MALE ADULT WISTAR RATS
Authors: Osonuga Ifabunmi Oduyemi , Adenowo Thomas Kehinde , Akindele Raheem Akinwunmi , Idowu Gbolahan
Published: November 2020

P-Alaxin, is an anti-malarial drug that is highly effective in treating malaria all forms of malarial infection including multi drug resistance malaria in areas of high resistance especially in Africa. It is composed of dihydroartemisinin and piperaquine phosphate. This study investigates the effects of therapeutic dose of P-alaxin on fertility and hematological indices in rats. Fifteen male adult Wistar rats weighing between 150 and 220g were divided into three consisting of 5 rats per group. Normal saline was administered to the control group while the test and recovery groups were given 15.4mg/kg body weight of P-Alaxin orally for three days. The recovery group was allowed to recover for three days from the drug's effect. The animals were anaesthetized using diethyl ether. Blood samples were collected through cardiac puncture. Oral administration of P-alaxin (15.4mg/kg body weight) for three days reduced (p<0.05) significantly the sperm motility, sperm count, viability and testosterone as well as the PCV, Hb, WBC and RBC when compared to the control and there was no significant change in values of  pH of the tests rats' semen. Allowing the rats to recover from the effects of the drug resulted in gradual restoration of sperm parameters and hematological indices under investigation. From the study it can be safely concluded that oral administration of P-Alaxin caused reduction in the hematological and sperm parameters and serum testosterone and could reduce male Wistar rats' fertility and also lead to anemia in rats
X-RAY FLUORESCENCE AND STABLE ISOTOPES ANALYSES OF IKPESHI MARBLE, SOUTH SOUTHERN NIGERIA
Authors: Ikhane Phillips Reuben , Oyebolu Olalekan Olayiwola , Alaka Afolabi Omotayo
Published: November 2020

Integration of X-ray fluor escence and stable isotope spectrometric techniques for quality assessment and provenance study of exposed marble deposit at Fakunle Quarry, Ikpeshi, South Western Nigeria constitute the fundamental aims of this research. Fourteen fresh (14) marble samples obtained at different localities within the quarry were subjected to geochemical and isotopic analyses to ascertain the quantitative abundance of major oxides and stable isotopes using X-Ray Fluorescence and Thermo Fisher mass spectrometer respectively. The major oxides revealed by XRF analysis of the marble samples are CaO, MgO, SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3 and Na2O with percentage composition ranging between 11.66 – 13.25, 7.75 – 9.65, 41.36 – 47.55, 12.36 – 15.23, 7.79 – 10.55 and 1.44 – 1.75respectively. Na2O + K2O value ranges between 1.48 and 1.78.The classification of marble in relation to percentage of calcite-dolomite indicate a percentage range of -5 to 4% and 93-103% for Calcite and Dolomite respectively. Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) ranges from 45.16 to 51.59 % and Chemical Index of Weathering (CIW) ranges from 46.19 to 52.30 %. Stable isotope ( ? –180) of marble ranges from -10.50 to -7.00 with a corresponding value from 25.50 to 55.33.Interpretation of the overall results indicates an impure quartz-rich dolomitic marble; metamorphosed from a low carbonate sedimentary/meta sedimentary protolith which shallowly precipitated within a passive marginal marine environment under humid condition. The high silica impurity can however be attributed to the inordinate influx of terrigenous sediments during the precipitation process. Weathering effect is minimal on the marble deposit. Conclusively, strong correlation is apparent between the obtained geochemical result and the basement geology of the study area.
PERILOUS HIV BRINGS OUT DEADLY CANCERS
Authors: Camila A Carlman  , Bharat Mishra  , Anita Patel
Published: November 2020

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is both infectious and contagious disease. The people infected with HIV have an increased risk of cancer while comparing with uninfected people. Kaposi’s sarcoma, aggressive B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma & cervical cancer are the three types of cancers which are termed as “HIV –associated cancers”. Apart from these cancers, HIV patients are prone to cancers of anus, liver, lung, pharynx which are termed as “non-AIDS defining cancers”. Viral oncogenesis and cytokine induced growth contribute to the development of Kaposi sarcoma. Several virally encoded genes such as bcl-2, IL-6, cyclin-D, GPCR & interferon regulatory factor, plays key role in cellular proliferation and survival.  Infection with HIV weakens the immune system and reduces the body’s ability to fight against viral infections that may lead to cancer. Immunosuppression and inflammation in HIV patients also contribute to cancer progression. The complications of AIDS- related cancers include easy bleeding and bruising, tiredness, nausea, vomiting, poor appetite, mouth sores, hair loss etc. According to the data, HIV infected males are more susceptible to Kaposi’s sarcoma and Non- Hodgkin Lymphoma whereas females are more liable to cervical cancers. Early diagnosis and treatment options help to drop the risk of AIDS related cancers. The HAART therapy reduces the risk of cancer in HIV patients by lowering the amount of HIV circulating in blood, so that function of immune system to fight against the virus can be restored. Other treatment methods are chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation and surgery.
AXISYMMETRIC BENDING OF A CYLINDRICAL TANK
Authors:   Almati University of energy and communications, Almaty, Kazakhstan, B. Zh. Kyrykbaev  , B. T. Shingisov  ,   Almati University of energy and communications, Almaty, Kazakhstan, N. K. Utelieva  ,   Almati University of energy and communications, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: November 2020

An article is available on the problem associated with the presence of a completely isolated or partially liquid part, for example, oil, gasoline or in a loose way, for example, with grain. The tank, located on a non-deformable foundation, is a thin elastic closed end shell.
USING THE RESOURCES OF A DISTRIBUTED INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR SOLVING APPLIED PROBLEMS
Authors:   Kazakhstan University Of Engineering And Technology, N. M. TEMIRBEKOV  , D. R. BAIGEREYEV  ,   Sarsen Amanzholov East Kazakhstan University, A. N. TEMIRBEKOV  ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
Published: November 2020

The process of designing and creating an integrated distributed information system for storing digitized works of scientists of research institutes of the academic city of Almaty, carried out within the framework of the grant project of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan AP05131806. The requirements for the storage of digital objects are defined. The system fully provides the necessary computing resources for ongoing research and educational processes, simplifying the prospect of its further development, and allows to build an advanced IT infrastructure for managing intellectual capital, an electronic library that is intended to store all books and scientific works of the Kazakhstan Engineering Technological University and research institutes of the Almaty academic city.