bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic inactivation of zinc transporter SLC39A5 improves liver function and hyperglycemia in obesogenic settings
Authors: Chim Shek Man , Howell Kristen , Dronzek John , Wu Weizhen , Van Hout Cristopher , Ferreira Manuel AR , Ye Bin , Li Alexander , Brydges Susannah , Arunachalam Vinayagam , Marcketta Anthony , Locke Adam E , Bovijn Jonas , Verweij Niek , De Tanima , Lotta Luca , Mitnaul Lyndon , LeBlanc Michelle , Center Regeneron Genetics , Carey David J , Melander Olle , Shuldiner Alan , Karalis Katia , Economides Aris N , Nistala Harikiran ,   DiscovEHR collaboration,   Regeneron Genetics Center
Published: September 2023

Recent studies have revealed a role for zinc in insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis. Randomized placebo-controlled zinc supplementation trials have demonstrated improved glycemic traits in patients with type II diabetes (T2D). Moreover, rare loss-of-function variants in the zinc efflux transporter SLC30A8 reduce T2D risk. Despite this accumulated evidence, a mechanistic understanding of how zinc influences systemic glucose homeostasis and consequently T2D risk remains unclear. To further explore the relationship between zinc and metabolic traits, we searched the exome database of the Regeneron Genetics Center-Geisinger Health System DiscovEHR cohort for genes that regulate zinc levels and associate with changes in metabolic traits. We then explored our main finding using in vitro and in vivo models. We identified rare loss-of-function (LOF) variants (MAF <1%) in Solute Carrier Family 39, Member 5 (SLC39A5) associated with increased circulating zinc (p=4.9 × 10-4). Trans-ancestry meta-analysis across four studies exhibited a nominal association of SLC39A5 LOF variants with decreased T2D risk. To explore the mechanisms underlying these associations, we generated mice lacking Slc39a5. Slc39a5-/- mice display improved liver function and reduced hyperglycemia when challenged with congenital or diet-induced obesity. These improvements result from elevated hepatic zinc levels and concomitant activation of hepatic AMPK and AKT signaling, in part due to zinc-mediated inhibition of hepatic protein phosphatase activity. Furthermore, under conditions of diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), Slc39a5-/- mice display significantly attenuated fibrosis and inflammation. Taken together, these results suggest SLC39A5 as a potential therapeutic target for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) due to metabolic derangements including T2D.
A maximum of two readily releasable vesicles per docking site at a cerebellar single active zone synapse
Authors: Silva Melissa , Tran Van , Marty Alain
Published: September 2023

Recent research suggests that in central mammalian synapses, active zones contain several docking sites acting in parallel. Before release, one or several synaptic vesicles (SVs) are thought to bind to each docking site, forming the readily releasable pool (RRP). Determining the RRP size per docking site has important implications for short-term synaptic plasticity. Here, using mouse cerebellar slices, we take advantage of recently developed methods to count the number of released SVs at single glutamatergic synapses in response to trains of action potentials (APs). In each recording, the number of docking sites was determined by fitting with a binomial model the number of released SVs in response to individual APs. After normalization with respect to the number of docking sites, the summed number of released SVs following a train of APs was used to estimate of the RRP size per docking site. To improve this estimate, various steps were taken to maximize the release probability of docked SVs, the occupancy of docking sites, as well as the extent of synaptic depression. Under these conditions, the RRP size reached a maximum value close to two SVs per docking site. The results indicate that each docking site contains two distinct SV-binding sites that can simultaneously accommodate up to one SV each. They further suggest that under special experimental conditions, as both sites are close to full occupancy, a maximal RRP size of two SVs per docking site can be reached. More generally, the results validate a sequential two-step docking model previously proposed at this preparation.
The value of connections
Authors: Rossetto Marcelino Vanessa
Published: September 2023

High proportions of gut bacteria that produce their own food can be an indicator for poor gut health.
Trichoscopic Patterns of Scalp Dermatoses: An Observational Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sukanya G , Vignesh NR , Danny C Geo , Renuka Sane Roja
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Trichoscopy is a well-acclaimed diagnostic tool for numerous dermatoses. Scalp disorders contribute to a significant percentage of daily visits to the outpatient dermatology department, and a multitude of trichoscopic signs have been documented in the literature. The consistency and repeatability of these signs add weight to their diagnostic value. Aim: To determine the various trichoscopic patterns observed in classical cases of scalp dermatoses and to differentiate between different scalp disorders. Materials and Methods: The present observational crosssectional study included 100 newly diagnosed cases of scalp dermatoses attending the Dermatology Outpatient Department at Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, India. The study was conducted over a period of six months (180 days) from December 2021 to May 2022. After obtaining a thorough history and conducting clinical examinations, patients underwent trichoscopy. Photographs were taken, and the data obtained were systematically tabulated. The scalp disorders studied included Androgenetic Alopecia (AGA), Alopecia Areata (AA), Telogen Effluvium, Tinea Capitis, Trichotillomania (TTM), Seborrhoeic Dermatitis, Scalp Psoriasis, Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE), Lichen Plano-Pilaris (LPP), and scalp verruca. All data were entered into Microsoft excel and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences software. Results: Trichoscopic findings from the 100 cases were categorised and tabulated according to pattern and condition for better understanding and comparison. Trichoscopic patterns observed were categorised as dots, vessels, shaft patterns, and changes in the inter and perifollicular areas. Out of the 100 patients, 67 presented primarily with alopecia, of which 56 patients (83.5%) had non scarring alopecia and 11 patients (16.4%) had scarring alopecia. The highest number of cases was observed in alopecia areata (n=20), where exclamation mark hairs were seen in all individuals, followed by coudability sign, yellow dots, and black dots. Among the androgenetic alopecia cases (n=18), anisotrichosis, pearly white dots, yellow dots, and an increased vellus-to-terminal hair ratio were observed in 100% of cases. Conclusion: While certain signs/findings are specific, most trichoscopic patterns overlap in various skin conditions. Therefore, dermatologists should be aware of the patterns observed in trichoscopy and the need to stay updated with the latest findings.
Comparison of Nolla’s Method, Cameriere’s Indian-specific Method, and Acharya’s Indianspecific Regression Formula for Estimation of Dental Age in Puducherry and Cuddalore Population, Southern India
Authors: Priya R S , Reddy RC Jagat , Vandana S , Sivasankari T , Anusha A Vani
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Forensic dental age estimation plays a vital role in determining the identity of a deceased individual. There are numerous dental age estimation methods available to estimate dental age using radiographs based on tooth maturation. Aim: To compare Nolla’s method, Cameriere’s Indian-specific method, and Acharya’s Indian-specific regression formula in estimating dental age in the Puducherry and Cuddalore populations of South India. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology at the Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Puducherry, India, between January 2021 and October 2022. The study included 448 panoramic radiographs (202 males and 246 females) of individuals aged between six and 17 years. Chronological age was recorded based on the subject’s date of birth. Dental age was estimated using Nolla’s method, Acharya’s Indian-specific regression formula, and Cameriere’s Indian-specific method. Two qualified and experienced oral radiologists evaluated all the samples to assess their reliability. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, the Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and Student’s t-test. Results: Nolla’s method (excluding the third molar) revealed a mean age of 13.52±3.15 years, while Nolla’s method (including the third molar) revealed a mean age of 12.81±2.84 years. Acharya’s Indian-specific method revealed a mean age of 15.08±2.92 years, and Cameriere’s Indian-specific regression formula revealed a mean age of 11.51±2.19 years. The results showed that the age estimated by Nolla’s method (including the third molar) had a p-value of 0.93 (>0.05), indicating no significant differences between the estimated dental age and chronological age. The r-values for Acharya’s Indian-specific regression formula, Nolla’s method (excluding the third molar), Nolla’s method (including the third molar), and Cameriere’s Indian-specific method were found to be 0.682, 0.885, 0.847, and 0.849, respectively, indicating a strong positive correlation among the age estimation methods. Conclusion: Nolla’s method (including the third molar) was found to be the most accurate method for dental age estimation when compared with the other three methods in the Puducherry and Cuddalore populations.
Development of a Valid Outcome Measure for Sensory Testing in Children with Cerebral Palsy: An Exploratory Sequential Research Design
Authors: Singh Shikha , Esht Vandana , Agarwal Astha , Anandabai Jasmine
Published: September 2023

Introduction: In Cerebral Palsy (CP), sensory perception is affected in addition to the motor symptoms. Now-a-days, treatment solely focuses on diagnosed motor deficiencies, often overlooking underlying sensory abnormalities and their examination. Therefore, including a clinical sensory examination in the evaluation of children with CP is crucial. Aim: To develop a validated measure for assessing sensory processing among children with CP. Materials and Methods: This study, conducted as part of a Ph.D. research project, employed an exploratory sequential research design. It commenced on March 1, 2020, and concluded on October 18, 2021, at the Physiotherapy Out Patient Department (OPD) of Swami Vivekanand Subharti University in Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India. Validity tests, including Scale Level Content Validity Index (CVI) and Spearman rank correlation methods, were used alongside other subtests. The study consisted of two phases: Development and Validation. An extensive literature search and parent interviews were conducted to comprehensively understand and collect information on sensory issues. Based on this information, a preliminary questionnaire draft was created. Three categories of validity-content, face, and concurrent-were tested. Content validation involved employing a three-round online Delphi approach. Face validity was assessed through opinions from clinicians regarding the questionnaire’s appearance. Concurrent validity was established by comparing the Sensory Outcome Measure (SOM) with the criterion measure scale, Short Sensory Profile (SSP). Results: For all items, Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and itemlevel CVI values ranged from 0.8 to 1. The overall Scale Level CVI (average) for the scale was 0.890625. Experts exhibited a 96% agreement regarding the appearance of the questionnaire, indicating complete agreement. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient value was 0.866, and the correlation graph indicated a positive association between the two scales in terms of concurrent validity. Conclusion: The Sensory Outcome Measure (SOM) has been developed as a valid scale with high content and face validity, along with excellent concurrent validity. SOM is the first measuring scale developed in India and used for assessing sensory deficits in children with CP.
Development and Performance Analysis of a Mini Twin-Shaft Shredder for Efficient Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottle Recycling
Authors: Caguay Marjun E. , Gavino Romeo B. , Gavino Helen F. , Sayco Theody B.
Published: September 2023

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) stands out as the most widely recycled plastic globally. However, in the Philippines, the processes associated with PET recycling, particularly the transportation of PET bottles from collectors and consolidators to processing plants, demand significant time, monetary resources, and effort due to the lack of appropriately sized shredder machines in local junkshops to reduce bulkiness. As a response, this study aimed to design a mini twin-shaft PET bottle shredder. The design took into account the constraints and prerequisites of local junkshop proprietors, municipal and barangay local government units, and non-government organizations.

The machine was comprised of five essential components: the hopper, shredding chamber, power transmission, prime mover, and frame. Post-consumer PET bottles were employed as test materials for experimentation at different treatment speeds: 30, 40, and 50rpm. The experimental layout followed a completely randomized design (CRD). Performance metrics, including shredding capacity, shredding efficiency, and energy demand, were scrutinized based on shaft speed alterations through analysis of variance testing. Additionally, comparison among means was executed using the least significant difference (LSD) method, with a significance level of 5%.

Results indicated that the highest shredding input capacity of 34.07 kg/hr was attained at a shaft speed of 50rpm, along with a shredding efficiency of 91.3%. The presence of unshredded materials was identified as the primary cause of device inefficiency, constituting 6.44% of the total test materials input. The energy demand was calculated at 0.132 kW-hr/kg. The resulting product dimensions primarily ranged between 25-50mm. A cost analysis demonstrated that the machine would need to shred a cumulative 6,889kg of PET bottles to reach the breakeven point, given a custom rate of Php7/kg ($0.12/kg). The initial investment cost of Php124,383 ($2,194.71) could be recuperated in a mere 1.91 years, yielding an added net income of Php210,000/yr ($3,705.40/yr) for PET collectors and/or consolidators.
Navigating Risk in the Modern Business Landscape: Strategies and Insights for Enterprise Risk Management Implementation
Authors: Olaniyi Oluwaseun Oladeji , Olabanji Samuel Oladiipo , Abalaka Anthony Idoko
Published: September 2023

As businesses actively seek ways to safeguard their valuable data and resources, efficient defense techniques are paramount [1]. The surge in cyber threats, driven by malicious attacks and cybercrime fueled by internet technology and mobile apps, emphasizes the urgency for comprehensive risk management strategies [2]. Effective risk management strategies have become indispensable for competitive businesses [1]. ERM entangles determining, evaluating, and thwarting potential hazards that endanger business objectives [3].

Successful ERM implementation faces challenges like corporate culture, board knowledge, excessive risk lists, undefined timeframes, and engagement barriers [4]. Solutions include fostering transparency, improving board education, focusing on crucial risks, defining timeframes, and making ERM engaging for employees [4]. Key components of effective ERM include governance, strategy, performance assessment, communication, and information sharing [5]. For future research, exploring the integration of emerging technologies in ERM and studying the long-term impacts of successful ERM implementations holds promise [6]. A strong risk culture, defined roles, and transparent communication are essential for sustainable ERM success [7]. To thrive in a dynamic business landscape, organizations must build a robust risk culture that permeates every level of their operations [7].
A sensação de realidade causada por corpos digitais.
Authors: Castilhos Maíra
Published: September 2023

O artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre o efeito de presença do ator que emerge a partir da fusão do teatro com a linguagem cinematográfica. Esta nova dimensão da presença no palco foi pesquisada, sob o ponto de vista do ator, a partir do surgimento de personagens virtuais na cena. Desta forma, o estudo é desenvolvido a partir das encenações “A Tempestade", de 4DArt, e “Os Cegos”, de Denis Marleau. Os espetáculos foram escolhidos por conta de suas diferentes formas de captação e projeção das imagens em vídeo, que possibilitam qualidades distintas de presença e de convívio entre ator-espectador. Por fim, é esperado, também, que o estudo propicie subsídios analíticos para a investigação das novas possibilidades deste “teatro-digital” e das tendências que se desanuviam em um futuro próximo de evolução tecnológica e diversificação técnica.
Des/atenção, narcisismo e a transmutação do espaço doméstico em BORN TO BE NA LIVE! – selfishcamera
Authors: Montagner Alessandra
Published: September 2023

Este ensaio conduz uma reflexão auto-etnográfica sobre os modos de interação e relação virtuais instaurados pela live, enquanto recurso performativo, durante a pandemia do novo Coronavírus. Dessa forma, busca construir intersecções entre uma economia da des/atenção e o narcisismo do ciberespaço, com o objetivo de instituir uma base de análise do evento performativo ao vivo no contexto virtual. Para tanto, reporta-se à performance BORN TO BE NA LIVE! – selfishcamera (2021), de Estela Lapponi, como caso de estudo. A partir da investigação da experiência espectatorial da autora são tecidas inter-relações entre os impactos da cibercultura na produção e na recepção da cena pandêmica. Estratégias de escrita performativas são igualmente implementadas como instrumento que possibilite estabelecer aspectos fenomênicos da experiência estética em questão. A cena online tem levado à transmutação da casa em um território de performação e, neste caso específico, à reapropriação do espaço doméstico pelo ato performativo enquanto um exercício de insubmissão do corpo feminino.
Embalo do filho morto: mulheres negras e a necropolítica no processo de criação da performance Giustizia, non Pietà
Authors: Nogueira Yasmin de Freitas
Published: September 2023

Este artigo exibe o processo de criação da performance intitulada Giustizia, non Pietà (2019), integrante da tese de doutorado intitulada Memórias de um Corpo Negro Feminino: Narrativas Poéticas, Ancestralidade e Processos Criativos, realizada no Programa de Pós-graduação em Artes Cênicas-PPGAC-UFBA . A pesquisa se sustenta no fazer poético por meio da linguagem da performance, busca percorrer as subjetividades encontradas em distintas narrativas das experiências de vida de mulheres negras no contexto brasileiro, bem como em fragmentos autobiográficos da autora. Tais narrativas são evocadas nos fragmentos de histórias que funcionam como disparadores para criação artística. Sob a ótica decolonial, se ampara na epistemologia feminista negra ao valorar a experiência vivida e os conhecimentos e sabedorias que delas advêm. O processo de criação de Giustizia, non Pietà problematiza o genocídio institucionalizado que faz dos corpos negros, corpos abjetos. Em cena, uma mãe negra embala lenta e silenciosamente o filho morto. Sua pose e seu corpo em estado de performance revisitam a figura da Pietà, a conhecida imagem-tema da arte cristã.
Characteristics of Preteen Suicide in Japan
Authors: Nishina Yuka , Yagai Yusuke , Goto Rinko , Hangai Mayumi
Published: January 2025

This cross-sectional study evaluates characteristics of preteen suicide rates in Japan over the past 15 years using data from national suicide statistics.
A Chromatic Nanoswitcher for Thermal Monitoring of Cell Metabolism
Authors: Zhang Fengchan , París Ogáyar Marina , Artiga Álvaro , Hernando Jordi , Villar‐Álvarez Eva , Lorenzo Julia , Salegi Ansa Beñat , Cogliati Sara , Formentini Laura , Haro‐González Patricia , Ruiz‐Molina Daniel , Otaegui Jaume Ramon , Roscini Claudio , Jaque Daniel
Published: January 2025

Accurate sensing of intracellular temperature is crucial for understanding and monitoring cell metabolism, serving as an initial step toward diagnosing conditions such as mitochondria‐related diseases. However, thermal monitoring of cell metabolism is challenging due to the minimal temperature variations caused by intracellular metabolic activity (typically ≈1 °C) and by the risk of crosstalk in intracellular sensors. A novel type of intracellular thermal sensor is presented, based on silica nanocapsules filled with a thermo‐responsive fluorescent medium. This medium undergoes a reversible phase transition from solid to liquid at temperatures ≈37 °C, inducing a chromatic switch that facilitates remote thermal sensing. The chromatic switchers exhibit a thermal sensitivity of ≈13% °C⁻¹ at 37 °C, one of the highest reported for intracellular thermal sensing. Notably, the thermal response is unaffected by external factors such as pH, ionic strength, and viscosity. Moreover, it is confirmed that the response of the sensors is not affected by the cellular activity, underscoring their reliability for cytoplasmic temperature measurements. The potential of these sensors is demonstrated by measuring intracellular heating during the metabolic switch from mitochondrial to glycolytic activity, showcasing their potential for real‐time, precise thermal monitoring (<1 °C) of cell metabolism.
Stress Relaxation for Lead Iodide Nucleation in Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zheng Zhimiao , Ge Yansong , Yang Xiangfeng , Shao Wenlong , Wang Haibing , Yu Zixi , Tao Chen , Fu Huahua , Ke Weijun , Fang Guojia
Published: January 2025

Porous lead iodide (PbI2) film is crucial for the complete reaction between PbI2 and ammonium salts in sequential‐deposition technology so as to achieve high crystallinity perovskite film. Herein, it is found that the tensile stress in tin (IV) oxide (SnO2) electron transport layer (ETL) is a key factor influencing the morphology and crystallization of PbI2 films. Focusing on this, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiOTf) is used as an interfacial modifier in the SnO2/PbI2 interface to decrease the tensile stress to reduce the necessary critical Gibbs free energy for PbI2 nuclei formation. The relaxed tensile stress facilitates the more porous PbI2 generation with larger particles and higher roughness, resulting in superior‐quality perovskite films. Besides, this strategy effectively passivates the inherent electron traps of SnO2 and smooths the interfacial energy levels, boosting the charge extraction and transfer. As a result, a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.33% (25.10% stabilized for 600 s) is achieved. Furthermore, the device demonstrates exceptional stability, retaining 90% of its initial PCE at its maximum power point tracking measurement (under 100 mW cm−2 white light illumination at ≈55 °C temperature, in N2 atmosphere) after 600 h.
Targeting MAPK14 by Lobeline Upregulates Slurp1‐Mediated Inhibition of Alternative Activation of TAM and Retards Colorectal Cancer Growth
Authors: Zhao Mingxia , Zhou Lisha , Zhang Qinchang , Wang Meijing , Dong Yue , Wang Yue , Pei Ruixue , He Enguang , Liang Yanyan , Shen Yujun , Deng Guoliang , Chen Hongqi , Sun Dongdong , Shen Yuxian , Sun Yang , Cheng Haibo
Published: January 2025

Colorectal cancer (CRC) usually creates an immunosuppressive microenvironment, thereby hindering immunotherapy response. Effective treatment options remain elusive. Using scRNA‐seq analysis in a tumor‐bearing murine model, it is found that lobeline, an alkaloid from the herbal medicine lobelia, promotes polarization of tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) toward M1‐like TAMs while inhibiting their polarization toward M2‐like TAMs. Additionally, lobeline upregulates mRNA expression of secreted Ly‐6/UPAR‐related protein 1 (Slurp1) in cancer cells. The inhibitory effects of lobeline on tumor load and TAM polarization are almost completely eliminated when Slurp1‐deficient MC38 cells are subcutaneously injected into mice, suggesting that lobeline exerts an antitumor effect in a Slurp1‐dependent manner. Furthermore, using target‐responsive accessibility profiling, MAPK14 is identified as the direct target protein of lobeline. Mechanistically, upon binding to MAPK14 in colon cancer cells, lobeline prevents nuclear translocation of MAPK14, resulting in decreased levels of phosphorylated p53. Consequently, negative transcriptional regulation of SLURP1 by p53 is suppressed, leading to enhanced transcription and secretion of SLURP1. Finally, combination therapy using lobeline and anti‐PD1 exhibits stronger antitumor effects. Taken together, these findings suggest that remodeling the immunosuppressive microenvironment using small‐molecule lobeline may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for CRC.
Programmed Transformation of Osteogenesis Microenvironment by a Multifunctional Hydrogel to Enhance Repair of Infectious Bone Defects
Authors: Xie En , Yuan Zhangqin , Chen Qianglong , Hu Jie , Li Jiaying , Li Kexin , Wang Huan , Ma Jinjin , Meng Bin , Zhang Ruoxi , Mao Haijiao , Liang Ting , Wang Lijie , Liu Chaoyong , Li Bin , Han Fengxuan
Published: January 2025

Repair of infectious bone defects remains a serious problem in clinical practice owing to the high risk of infection and excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the early stage, and the residual bacteria and delayed Osseo integrated interface in the later stage, which jointly creates a complex and dynamic microenvironment and leads to bone non‐union. The melatonin carbon dots (MCDs) possess antibacterial and osteogenesis abilities, greatly simplifying the composition of a multifunctional material. Therefore, a multifunctional hydrogel containing MCDs (GH‐MCD) is developed to meet the multi‐stage and complex repair needs of infectious bone injury in this study. The GH‐MCD can intelligently release MCDs responding to the acidic microenvironment to scavenge intracellular ROS and exhibit good antibacterial activity by inducing the production of ROS in bacteria and inhibiting the expression of secA2. Moreover, it has high osteogenesis and long‐lasting antimicrobial activity during bone repair. RNA‐seq results reveal that the hydrogels promote the repair of infected bone healing by enhancing cellular resistance to bacteria, balancing osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis, and regulating the immune microenvironment. In conclusion, the GH‐MCD can promote the repair of infectious bone defects through the programmed transformation of the microenvironment, providing a novel strategy for infectious bone defects.
“Popping the Ion‐Basket”: Enhancing Thermoelectric Performance of Conjugated Polymers by Blending with Latently Dissociable Perovskite Quantum Dots
Authors: Lee Hansol , Kim Hoimin , Jin Haedam , Kang Seungju , Yoon Tae Woong , Lee Dongki , Zhang Guobing , Kim Min , Kang Boseok
Published: January 2025

A novel additive method to boost the Seebeck coefficient of doped conjugated polymers without a significant loss in electrical conductivity is demonstrated. Perovskite (CsPbBr3) quantum dots (QDs) passivated by ligands with long alkyl chains are mixed with a conjugated polymer in a solution phase to form polymer‐QD blend films. Solution sequential doping of the blend film with AuCl3 solution not only doped the conjugated polymer but also decomposed the QDs, resulting in a doped conjugated polymer film embedded with separated ions dissociated from the QDs. For the doped polymer‐molten QD blend films with the optimal QD content, it is found that a greatly enhanced Seebeck coefficient is achieved compared to that of the doped polymer film without QDs, while the doping level and electrical conductivity are not significantly reduced by the QD incorporation. Consequently, the power factor is enhanced, reaching a remarkably high value of up to 401.9 µW m−1 K−2 (≈155% increase with the QDs). The applicability of this method to a variety of conjugated polymers is also demonstrated. The enhancement in the Seebeck coefficient is attributed to ion‐induced local variations in the polymer work function, which generates an internal energy barrier for charge transport and causes an energy filtering effect.
Extreme Tolerance of Nanoparticle‐Protein Corona to Ultra‐High Abundance Proteins Enhances the Depth of Serum Proteomics
Authors: Liu Qiqi , Wang Mengjie , Dai Xin , Li Shuangqin , Guo Haoxiang , Huang Haozhe , Xie Yueli , Xu Chenlu , Liu Yuan , Tan Weihong
Published: January 2025

The serum nanoparticle‐protein corona (NPC) provides specific disease information, thus opening a new avenue for high‐throughput in‐depth proteomics to facilitate biomarker discovery. Yet, little is known about the interactions between NPs and proteins, and its role in enhanced depth of serum proteomics. Herein, a series of protein spike‐in experiments are conducted to systematically investigate protein depletion and enrichment during NPC formation. Proteomic depth is serum concentration‐dependent, and NPC exhibits powerful tolerance to ultra‐high abundant proteins. In addition, protein‐protein interactions (PPI), especially those involving albumin, play a pivotal role in promoting proteomic depth. Furthermore, a triple‐protein assay is established to interrogate the relationship between protein binding affinity and concentration. NPC formation is a product of balancing binding affinity, concentration, and PPI. Overall, this study elucidates how NPs achieve protein depletion and enrichment for enhanced serum proteomic depth to gain a better understanding of NPC as an essential tool of proteome profiling.
Gold‐Catalyzed Highly Regioselective Hydration of Alkynylsulfonamides for Atom‐Economic Synthesis of N‐Ketosulfonamides
Authors: Wang Yuguang , Ma Menghao , Deng Yunlong , Yao Panpan , Xing Agui , Li Wenjing , Chen Yuan , Wu Ji'an
Published: January 2025

Gold(I)‐catalyzed highly regioselective hydration of alkynylsulfonamides for synthesis of N‐ketosulfonamides in 85%–96% yields. The reaction used water as a nucleophile, which had the advantages of mild reaction conditions, good functional group tolerance, high regioselectivity, high yield, and 100% atomic economy (without generating by‐products or waste). This might endow this method with great potential in green synthesis of N‐ketosulfonamides compounds.
Evaluating Electrospun Polycaprolactone Fibers for Blood‐Contacting Applications
Authors: Kuddushi Muzammil , Pawar Aishwarya S , Ghaffari Sharaf Mehdi , Unsworth Larry D. , Zhang Xuehua
Published: January 2025

When the kidneys are injured, uremic toxins (UTXs) accumulate in the body, affecting other tissues and causing a loss of essential body functions. This study investigated the adsorption of blood plasma‐laden UTXs on the surface of PCL fibers to assess their potential as an alternative to membrane dialysis materials. Using plasma containing 26 UTXs at a concentration similar to that found in end‐stage kidney disease patients, we analyzed the adsorbed proteins and examined clot formation in normal and toxin‐treated plasma in the presence of PCL fibers. Our findings revealed that the presence of UTXs significantly increased the adsorption of proteins on PCL fiber meshes, without leading to increased clot formation. This suggests a lack of enzymatic activation despite the higher protein adsorption. Additionally, our study indicates that unmodified PCL surfaces have the potential to trigger a strong humoral immune response, underscoring the importance of understanding these interactions for the development of personalized treatment approaches for patients with kidney failure.
Establishment of a chemoresistant laryngeal cancer cell model to study chemoresistance and chemosensitization responses via transcriptomic analysis and a tumor‐on‐a‐chip platform
Authors: Moya‐Garcia Christian R. , Munipalle Meghana , Pacis Alain , Sadeghi Nader , Tabrizian Maryam , Li‐Jessen Nicole Y. K.
Published: January 2025

Tumor resistance to chemotherapy is a common cause of cancer recurrence in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The goal of this study is to establish and characterize a chemoresistant laryngeal cancer cell model and test its potential utility for chemosensitizing therapy. At the genotypic level, RNA sequencing confirmed that the cells acquired putative resistance with upregulated docetaxel‐resistant (DR) genes (e.g., TUBB3, CYP24A1) and signaling pathways (e.g., PI3K/mTOR, autophagy). For phenotypic analysis, DR cells were co‐cultured with laryngeal fibroblasts in a 2‐channel microfluidic chip that mimics a hypoxic tumor core in vivo. A drug sensitivity test with a chemosensitizer, metformin (MTF), was performed on the laryngeal tumor‐on‐a‐chip. Compared to non‐treated controls, MTF‐primed cancer cells exhibit higher sensitivity to docetaxel (DTX), that is, cell death. Collectively, this resistance‐acquired cell model displayed presumed genotypic and phenotypic profiles of chemoresistance providing a viable option for testing new therapeutic strategies for restoring tumor sensitivity to DTX.
Thriving in Opposition: The Effect of Boycotting on Narcissists' Well‐Being
Authors: Norman Elizabeth , Klaus Phil , Luong Van‐Ha
Published: January 2025

Consumer boycott is increasing, driven by value conflicts between individuals and brands. We hypothesize that narcissistic profiles affect the way that consumers experience the value conflicts implicit in a boycott, thereby affecting well‐being post‐boycott. We investigated well‐being outcomes for different narcissistic profiles for liberal and conservative boycotts. We analyzed data from 395 liberal and conservative boycott participants in the United States, exploring how narcissistic traits influence well‐being post‐boycott. Results showed that boycotting enhances the well‐being of grandiose narcissists but decreases the well‐being of vulnerable narcissists in both contexts. Interestingly, in conservative boycotts, the need for approval mitigates the well‐being decline for vulnerable narcissists, indicating that group validation may enhance their well‐being. These findings underscore the significance of political alignment, narcissistic traits, and social endorsement in influencing boycott‐related well‐being outcomes. Our study advances anti‐consumption literature by elucidating the psychological effects of consumer boycotts and the intricate interplay between narcissism and values on well‐being.
Early and Late Outcomes of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients With Prior Chest Radiation: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Tzoumas Andreas , Kyriakoulis Ioannis , Ntoumaziou Athina , Sagris Marios , Kampaktsis Polydoros N.
Published: January 2025

Background

Patients with prior history of chest or mediastinal radiation are deemed high risk for surgical AVR. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has emerged as a promising alternative for these patients, however, this patient population was underrepresented in prior TAVR trials.

Aims

To compare the outcomes of TAVR in patients with versus without a history of prior chest or mediastinal radiation.

Methods

This study was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. Systematic search of electronic databases was conducted up to September 2023. We compared early and late mortality as well as complications. A meta‐analysis was conducted with the use of a random effects model. The I‐square statistic was used to assess heterogeneity.

Results

Seven studies comprising 6358 patients were included in this meta‐analysis. Patients undergoing TAVR in the radiation group had a higher risk for heart failure exacerbation (OR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.18–3.59) and aortic valve reintervention (OR: 5.68; 95% CI: 1.83–17.67) in the early postoperative period compared to the nonradiation group. Analysis revealed similar short‐term (in‐hospital or 30‐day) all‐cause‐mortality (OR: 1.63; 95% CI: 0.89–2.98) between the two groups. Other perioperative complications including myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, pacemaker insertion requirement, major bleeding as well as access‐related complications were not significantly different between the two groups. TAVR in the radiation group was not associated with increased all‐cause mortality compared to the nonradiation group (OR: 1.40; 95% CI: 0.93–2.11) after a mean follow‐up of 17.6 months. Other endpoints including MI, stroke, need for pacemaker insertion, heart failure readmission rate, and need for aortic valve reintervention were similar in the mid‐term follow‐up between the two groups.

Conclusion

TAVR in patients with a history of prior chest or mediastinal radiation was associated with similar short‐term and mid‐term mortality compared to patients without radiation. The history of chest or mediastinal radiation was associated with more frequent heart failure hospitalizations and aortic valve reintervention in the postoperative period. No difference was found in mid‐term complications. Future studies are warranted to validate our findings.
An Adaptive Connecting Equivalent Magnetic Network Considering Local Magnetic Characteristics for SPM Motors
Authors: Zhang Zhongyi , Li Bin , Ma Xiaochen , Li Guidan , Gao Peng
Published: January 2025

Considering the local magnetic characteristics of surface‐mounted permanent magnet (SPM) motors, the paper proposes an adaptive connecting equivalent magnetic network (ACEMN) model to accurately predict SPM motor performance. First, for modeling the magnetic field at the inclined boundary of the stator pole shoe, a diagonal hybrid permeance element covering two materials is developed. And considering the parallel magnetization of PMs, a branching calculation of the magnetomotive force source is performed inside a cross‐shaped permeance of a fan‐shaped mesh. Then, by analyzing the phenomenon of magnetic field line deflection at the air gap boundary, an air gap node connecting way based on adaptive conversion of connecting permeances is built. Thereby, the rotating magnetic field of the air gap can be accurately described using the different connecting permeances with variable size. To accelerate the nonlinear solution for saturated element permeability, a hybrid iterative method is used. The validity of this modeling method is verified by finite element analysis (FEA) and prototype experiments, which allows a satisfactory compromise between accuracy and calculation speed.
On the Density–Density Correlations of the Non‐Interacting Finite Temperature Electron Gas
Authors: Tolias Panagiotis , Dornheim Tobias , Vorberger Jan
Published: January 2025

The density–density correlations of the non‐interacting finite temperature electron gas are discussed in detail. Starting from the ideal linear density response function and utilizing general relations from linear response theory, known and novel expressions are derived for the pair correlation function, static structure factor, dynamic structure factor, thermal structure factor, and imaginary time correlation function. Applications of these expressions in the classical mapping approach, self‐consistent dielectric formalism and equation‐of‐state construction are analyzed in depth.
Evaluating biotic and abiotic drivers of avian community mobbing responses along urban gradients in Southern California
Authors: Ewing Benjamin , Wood Eric M. , Martínez Ari
Published: January 2025

Urbanization is a significant pressure affecting wildlife and has the potential to greatly alter behavioral responses in animal communities. A behavioral response that is potentially affected by urbanization is the mobbing of predators by potential avian prey species. We tested three hypotheses concerning the effects of various abiotic and biotic factors in influencing avian mobbing responses along an urban–rural gradient. We conducted predator simulations by using playback of the vocalizations of the Western Screech‐owl, Megascops kennicottii, which is a predatory species that elicits a mobbing response from other birds. These vocalizations, accompanied by stuffed models of the screech‐owls, were broadcast at a variety of points along an urban–rural gradient in Los Angeles and Orange Counties in Southern California. We used an experimental approach using playback, that is, vocalization and models, to investigate whether mobbing responses of birds change in areas where predators may be naturally present (high vegetation density) or absent (high impervious cover). We recorded the number of individual birds and species that exhibited mobbing behavior at experimental sites, as well as various biotic and abiotic factors that may influence avian mobbing, including noise level, impervious surface cover, avian community turnover across the urban‐to‐rural gradient, and the structure of local vegetation, which we assumed may be important for either hosting roosting screech‐owls or providing cover for mobbing bird species. For both the number of mobbing individuals and species, we showed that mobbing responses decreased with increasing noise levels and percentage of impervious surfaces and increased with increasing woody vegetation. There was some evidence that predator presence influenced mobbing responses. Our results show that the changes associated with urbanization can significantly alter antipredator behavior in birds, and that these changes can alter avian social eavesdropping networks.
Metalized Polymer Current Collector for High‐Energy Lithium‐Ion Batteries with Extreme Fast‐Charging Capability
Authors: Feng Yue , Polizos Georgios , Kalnaus Sergiy , Tao Runming , Neumayer Sabine , Steenman Wheatley , Sharma Jaswinder , Pereira Drew J. , Morin Brian , Li Jianlin
Published: January 2025

Electric vehicles are pivotal in the global shift toward decarbonizing road transport, with lithium‐ion batteries at the heart of this technological evolution. However, the pursuit of batteries capable of extremely fast charging that also satisfy high energy and safety criteria, poses a significant challenge to current lithium‐ion batteries technologies. Additionally, the increasing demand for aluminum (Al) and copper (Cu) in electrification, solar energy technologies, and vehicle light‐eighting is driving these metals toward near‐critical status in the medium term. This study introduces metalized polythylene terephthalate (mPET) polymer films by depositing an Al or Cu thin layer onto two sides of a polyethylene terephthalate film—named mPET/Al and mPET/Cu, as lightweight, cost‐effective alternatives to traditional metal current collectors in lithium‐ion batteries. We have fabricated current collectors that significantly reduce weight (by 73%), thickness (by 33%), and cost (by 85%) compared with traditional metal foil counterparts. These advancements have the potential to enhance energy density to 280 Wh kg−1 at the electrode level under 10‐min charging at 6 C. Through testing, including a novel extremely fast charging protocol across various C‐rates and long‐term cycling (up to 1000 cycles) in different cell configurations, the superior performance of these metalized polymer films has been demonstrated. Notably, mPET/Cu and mPET/Al films exhibited comparable capacities to conventional cells under extremely fast charging, with the mPET cells showing a 27% improvement in energy density at 6 C and maintaining significant energy density after 1000 cycles. This study underscores the potential of mPET films to revolutionize the roll‐to‐roll battery manufacturing process and significantly advance the performance metrics of lithium‐ion batteries in electric vehicles applications.
Factors Influencing Iron Levels Among Women of Reproductive Age and Children 6–48 Months in Livestock‐Keeping Communities in Narok County, Kenya
Authors: Wakhungu H. K. , Abong G. , Muthike C. , Mutono N. , Muema J. , Omondi G. P. , Thumbi S. M. , Bukania Z.
Published: January 2025

Proper nutrition is vital for maintaining good health for all people across their lifespan, especially children and mothers, who are especially vulnerable due to their specific nutrient needs. Despite the necessity of improved nutrition for these groups, some members do not fully meet their recommended daily micronutrient needs, a challenge exacerbated by different socioeconomic, cultural, and communal constraints resulting in malnutrition. Iron deficiency anaemia is a major concern among children and mothers, especially in pastoralist communities, due to poor nutrition and other related factors. Using a community‐based cross sectional study, this study investigated factors associated with hemoglobin levels among children and women in Narok County, Kenya. Anthropometrics were estimated using body mass index measurements for mothers, and the nutritional status of children was calculated using Z‐score measurements. Haemoglobin was measured using a rapid test (Hemocue 301). Multiple logistic regression models were fitted to assess the association between child and maternal risk factors and anaemia. Anaemia in children was associated with age (OR = 1.99, p = 0.047), pastoralism (OR = 2.25, p = 0.002), educational of the mother (OR = 0.74, p = 0.008), severe and moderate undernourishment (OR = 1.14, p = 0.049 and OR = 1.10, p = 0.023), respectively, not meeting children dietary diversity (OR = 1.18, p = 0.027), number of people in a household (OR = 1.84, p = 0.003), and maternal age (OR = 0.30, p = 0.010). On the other hand, the occurrence of anaemia in women was associated with pastoralism (OR = 2.22, p = 0.001), having a primary school level of education (OR = 0.51, p = 0.028), pregnancy status (OR = 5.36, p = 0.002), not meeting maternal dietary diversity (OR = 1.39, p = 0.026), number of household members (OR = 1.93, p = 0.023), age of the mother (OR = 0.53, p = 0.018), and having animals infected with East Coast Fever (Theileria parva) within the household (OR = 1.10, p = 0.023). The results highlight the multifaceted nature of malnutrition, specifically anaemia in pastoral households, with interventions aimed at reducing disease infections in cattle, improved household dietary diversity, and community health education geared towards maternal and child nutrition being best placed to improve the overall household health outcomes relating to anaemia.