bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-term survival and failure analysis of anatomical stemmed and stemless shoulder arthroplasties
Authors: Märtens Nicole , Heinze Maximilian , Awiszus Friedemann , Bertrand Jessica , Lohmann Christoph H. , Berth Alexander
Published: July 2021

Aims

The purpose of this study was to compare clinical results, long-term survival, and complication rates of stemless shoulder prosthesis with stemmed anatomical shoulder prostheses for treatment of osteoarthritis and to analyze radiological bone changes around the implants during follow-up.

Methods

A total of 161 patients treated with either a stemmed or a stemless shoulder arthroplasty for primary osteoarthritis of the shoulder were evaluated with a mean follow-up of 118 months (102 to 158). The Constant score (CS), the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score, and active range of motion (ROM) were recorded. Radiological analysis for bone adaptations was performed by plain radiographs. A Kaplan-Meier survivorship analysis was calculated and complications were noted.

Results

The ROM (p < 0.001), CS (p < 0.001), and DASH score (p < 0.001) showed significant improvements after shoulder arthroplasty for both implants. There were no differences between the groups treated with stemmed or stemless shoulder prosthesis with respect to the mean CS (79.2 (35 to 118) vs 74.4 (31 to 99); p = 0.519) and DASH scores (11.4 (8 to 29) vs 13.2 (7 to 23); p = 0.210). The ten-year unadjusted cumulative survival rate was 95.3% for the stemmed anatomical shoulder prosthesis and 91.5% for the stemless shoulder prosthesis and did not differ between the treatment groups (p = 0.251). The radiological evaluation of the humeral components in both groups did not show loosening of the humeral implant. The main reason for revision for each type of arthroplasties were complications related to the glenoid.

Conclusion

The use of anatomical stemless shoulder prosthesis yielded good and reliable results and did not differ from anatomical stemmed shoulder prosthesis over a mean period of ten years. The differences in periprosthetic humeral bone adaptations between both implants have no clinical impact during the follow-up. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(7):1292–1300.
Cementing a collarless polished tapered femoral stem through the anterior approach
Authors: McGoldrick Niall P. , Fischman Daniel , Nicol Graeme M. , Kreviazuk Cheryl , Grammatopoulos George , Beaulé Paul E.
Published: July 2021

Aims

The aim of this study was to radiologically evaluate the quality of cement mantle and alignment achieved with a polished tapered cemented femoral stem inserted through the anterior approach and compared with the posterior approach.

Methods

A comparative retrospective study of 115 consecutive hybrid total hip arthroplasties or cemented hemiarthroplasties in 110 patients, performed through anterior (n = 58) or posterior approach (n = 57) using a collarless polished taper-slip femoral stem, was conducted. Cement mantle quality and thickness were assessed in both planes. Radiological outcomes were compared between groups.

Results

No significant differences were identified between groups in Barrack grade on the anteroposterior (AP) (p = 0.640) or lateral views (p = 0.306), or for alignment on the AP (p = 0.603) or lateral views (p = 0.254). An adequate cement mantle (Barrack A or B) was achieved in 77.6% (anterior group, n = 45) and in 86% (posterior group, n = 49), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed factors associated with unsatisfactory cement mantle (Barrack C or D) included higher BMI, left side, and Dorr Type C morphology. A mean cement mantle thickness of ≥ 2 mm was achieved in all Gruen zones for both approaches. The mean cement mantle was thicker in zone 7 (p < 0.001) and thinner in zone 9 for the anterior approach (p = 0.032). Incidence of cement mantle defects between groups was similar (6.9% (n = 4) vs 8.8% (n = 5), respectively; p = 0.489).

Conclusion

An adequate cement mantle and good alignment can be achieved using a collarless polished tapered femoral component inserted through the anterior approach. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(7 Supple B):46–52.
Retro-patellar approach in telescopic nailing of the tibia in children with osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Erdal Ozan A. , Gorgun Baris , Sarikaya Ilker A. , Inan Muharrem
Published: July 2021

Purpose

Telescopic intramedullary nailing (TN) has become the main choice of treatment in children with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). The classical parapatellar tibial nailing technique poses difficulties in maintaining reduction, insertion of the nail and fluoroscopic imaging. Also, deformities of the proximal tibia in relatively small children with OI can be problematic for tibial nailing. In this report, we present the retro-patellar approach in tibial TN of children with OI as an alternative to the classical approach and report the early radiographic and clinical results of our patients.

Methods

The nail is inserted through a skin incision proximal to the patella, passing inside the patellofemoral joint while the knee is positioned to 15° to 20° of flexion. In total, 30 tibiae of 15 patients had been operated and were reviewed after at least one year of follow-up. Any complications, such as implant failure, joint damage or instability, malunion, nonunion or refracture, were recorded.

Results

The mean age of our patients was 8.5 years, and the mean follow-up period was 27 months. There were no complaints involving the knee. All patients showed complete union without any implant failure or refracture. We did not observe any nail protrusion, bending or loss of correction during the procedure.

Conclusion

The retro-patellar approach for tibial TN appears to be safe and effective in patients with OI.

Level of Evidence

IV
Paving the road to recovery
Authors: Dean Erin
Published: July 2021

Erin Dean investigates how a New Deal for Surgery aims to deal with the consequences of the pandemic.
Changes in the Strategic Internal Control of Companies under Crisis Pressure
Authors: Mihaylova Lyudmila , Papazov Emil
Published: July 2021

Purpose of the article: The article aims at presenting and analysing key changes in the strategic internal control of companies under the pressure of crisis phenomena. The research question is how to adapt the strategic internal control to an evolving crisis through inclusion of control environmental sustainability measures, and strategic model adaptation.Methodology: A qualitative approach has been applied along with the research of larger companies from the brewery sector and small-and medium sized enterprises from the knitted fabrics manufacturing sector in Bulgaria. The study has also taken into consideration some companies’ strategic documents, as well as interviews with companies’ managers. The gathered information has been systematized, compared and evaluated with the help of the “Relative (Competitive) Advantage Matrix” model.Scientific aim: Understanding the impact of changes in strategic internal control on management under the pressure of crisis phenomena.Findings: The analysing of the quasi-control environment and competitive advantages is an important strategic management issue during crises. Competitive advantages derive mainly from the characteristics of the product (or service) that make it better than the products (or services) of competitors and they are associated with changes in the strategic internal control of companies under the pressure of hard times.Conclusions: Strategic internal control has to be adapted to the crisis situation through control environmental sustainability measures, strategic model adaptation and selected competitive advantages. Business processes are changing as a result of crisis times, then the control environment, risk assessments and competitive advantages need to be more detailed and analysed in different aspects. At the same time, the strategic internal control in hard times faces unexpected results, such as a drastic reduction in the incomes, a decrease in retail sales or a drastic increase in online sales. Using the collected information, comparisons can be made to better outline similarities and differences that will point out ways for improvement. This information should be brought to the attention of the personnel of the companies. The change in the activities should not be delayed in time, since information quickly becomes out-dated.
The school-to-prison pipeline: a failed holding environment
Authors: Catrone Constance
Published: July 2021

The deleterious impact of the school-to-prison pipeline (STPP) on minority youth in the United States, as well as the underlying sociocultural and political factors contributing to the pipeline, are well established. While the literature provides abundant evidence about the negative impact of secondary school punitive and exclusionary disciplinary policies on students’ behavioural and academic outcomes, consideration of the relational world of the school and its subjective impact is largely absent. This article contributes an examination of the relational world of schools to the analysis of the STPP and its developmental impact on youth of colour. By applying Diamond’s (2017; 2020) object relations approach to life in secondary schools, the article exposes how the STPP undermines schools’ capacity to provide a healthy holding environment. The article demonstrates how the school functions as a failed holding environment and concludes with case examples illustrating how psychodynamically informed school-based interventions are positioned to mitigate the toxic effects of the STPP on the identity development of adolescents of colour.
Adventure: Biopolymer Aesthetics and Empathetic Materialism—Another World is Possible
Authors: Martyn Raewyn
Published: July 2021

This paper discusses affective methodologies within a practice-based PhD research project using plant-based and bacterial biopolymers (bioplastics) for painting, site- responsive intervention, and collaborative video. Biopolymers have long material histories with a range of material qualities and affects that inform adventurous working methods. These methods and associated affects could be said to produce a biopolymer aesthetics and an empathetic materialism forms of onto-aesthetics involving what Elizabeth Grosz (2017) and Félix Guattari (2000) respectively term an onto-ethics and an ethico-aesthetics. In this paper, new materialisms are used to understand the pedagogical qualities of worlding through the artworks of the author, where biopolymer aesthetics generate adventure and bewilderment—aligning withJack Halberstam’s (2020) idea of an aesthetics of bewilderment.
Deleuzoguattarian Thought, the New Materialisms, and (Be)wild(erring) Pedagogies: A Conversation between Chantelle Gray, Delphi Carstens, Evelien Geerts, and Aragorn Eloff
Authors: Gray Chantelle , Cartstens Delphi , Geerts Evelien , Eloff Aragorn
Published: July 2021

This intra-view explores a number of productive junctions between contemporary Deleuzoguattarian and new materialist praxes via a series of questions and provocations. Productive tensions are explored via questions of epistemological, ontological, ethical, and political intra-sections as well as notions of difference, transversal contamination, ecosophical practices, diffraction, and, lastly, schizoanalysis. Various irruptions around biophilosophy, transduction, becomology, cartography, power relations, hyperobjects as events, individuation, as well as dyschronia and disorientation, take the discussion further into the wild pedagogical spaces that both praxes have in common.
Medio ambiente, medios de comunicación y psicología moral. Sobre el potencial de la convergencia disciplinaria en una bioética animal post-pandemia
Authors: Suárez-Ruíz E. Joaquín
Published: July 2021

Desde los primeros meses de la pandemia de COVID-19 ha estado aconteciendo un llamativo fenómeno social: en diversos lugares del mundo grupos de personas procedieron a ahuyentar y/o exterminar colonias de murciélagos, suponiendo que dicha acción contribuiría a evitar posibles contagios cuando en realidad lo que hacía era empeorar la situación. Con el fin de analizar en profundidad este tipo de fenómenos sociales es necesario recurrir a disciplinas diversas como la ética ambiental, la ética de los medios de comunicación y la psicología moral. Según se argumentará en este artículo, un ámbito del saber que favorece la convergencia disciplinaria apropiada para abordar la complejidad de problemas como el recién mencionado, es una disciplina generalmente no muy visitada en las producciones vinculadas a la bioética general y a la ética animal, a saber, la bioética animal. En las conclusiones de este trabajo será posible evidenciar que esta disciplina muestra no sólo contribuir en el abordaje de las diversas aristas de problemas puntuales como la actual persecución de murciélagos, sino que beneficia un enfoque crítico a nivel meta-teórico y complementario a nivel transdisciplinario de ciertos puntos ciegos de las disciplinas interrelacionadas.
Dyadic Green’s function for the graphene–dielectric stack with arbitrary field and source points
Authors: Hayati Raad Shiva , Atlasbaf Zahra , Cuevas Mauro
Published: July 2021

In this paper, the dyadic Green’s function for a graphene–dielectric stack is formulated based on the scattering superposition method. To this end, the scattering Green’s function in each layer is expanded in terms of cylindrical vector wave functions with unknown coefficients. Using the Kronecker delta function in the field expansion, it is considered that the field and source points lie in the arbitrary layers. Afterward, recurrence relations to calculate the unknown expansion coefficients are derived by applying the impedance boundary condition at the interface of a graphene sheet surrounded by two adjacent dielectric layers. The verification of the calculated coefficients is conducted by using them in the analysis of graphene-based structures with different numbers of layers, including (1) free-standing frequency-selective surfaces and (2) parallel plates with graphene walls. A potential application of our proposed structure is investigating the interaction of donor–acceptor pairs residing in the arbitrary layers of the graphene–dielectric stack with a desired number of layers.
Dual-mode broadband compact 2 × 2 optical power splitter using sub-wavelength metamaterial structures
Authors: Shiran Hatef , zhang Guowu , Liboiron-Ladouceur Odile
Published: July 2021

The multimode power splitter is a fundamental component in mode-division multiplexed systems. In this paper, we design and characterize a broadband compact dual-mode multimode interferometer (MMI) optical power splitter based on subwavelength grating (SWG) structures. The optimized dual-mode MMI is three times more compact than its conventional mode insensitive MMIs and shows low loss and low crosstalk flat response over 100 nm bandwidth. Characterizations of the fabricated dual-mode splitter show that the total excess loss in the experiment is less than 0.1 dB and 0.65 dB for TE0 and TE1, respectively, and the modal crosstalk is less than -17 dB for both input modes.
Design of slow-light-enhanced bimodal interferometers using dimensionality reduction techniques
Authors: Torrijos-Morán Luis , García-Rupérez Jaime
Published: July 2021

Interferometers usually require long paths for the ever-increasing requirements of high-performance operation, which hinders the miniaturization and integration of photonic circuits into very compact devices. Slow-light based interferometers provide interesting advantages in terms of both compactness and sensitivity, although their optimization is computationally costly and inefficient, due to the large number of parameters to be simultaneously designed. Here we propose the design of slow-light-enhanced bimodal interferometers by using principal component analysis to reduce the high-dimensional design space. A low-dimensional hyperplane containing all optimized designs is provided and investigated for changes in the silicon core and cladding refractive index. As a result, all-dielectric single-channel interferometers as modulators of only 33 µm2 footprint and sensors with 19.2 × 103 2πrad/RIU·cm sensitivity values are reported and validated by 2 different simulation methods. This work allows the design and optimization of slow light interferometers for different applications by considering several performance criteria, which can be extended to other photonic structures.
Uncertainties in the reconstruction of nanostructures in EUV scatterometry and grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering
Authors: Herrero Analía Fernández , Pflüger Mika , Puls Jana , Scholze Frank , Soltwisch Victor
Published: July 2021

Increasing miniaturization and complexity of nanostructures require innovative metrology solutions with high throughput that can assess complex 3D structures in a non-destructive manner. EUV scatterometry is investigated for the characterization of nanostructured surfaces and compared to grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS). The reconstruction is based on a rigorous simulation using a Maxwell solver based on finite-elements and is statistically validated with a Markov-Chain-Monte-Carlo sampling method. It is shown that in comparison to GISAXS, EUV allows to probe smaller areas and to reduce the computation times obtaining comparable uncertainties.
Twin-field quantum digital signatures
Authors: Zhang Chun-Hui , Zhou Xingyu , Zhang Chun-Mei , Li Jian , Wang Qin
Published: July 2021

Digital signature is a key technique in information security, especially for identity authentications. Compared to classical correspondence, quantum digital signatures (QDSs) provide a considerably higher level of security. At present, its performance is limited by key generation protocols, which are fundamentally limited in terms of channel capacity. Based on the idea of twin-field quantum key distribution, this Letter presents a twin-field QDS protocol and details a corresponding security analysis. In its distribution stage, a specific key generation protocol, the sending-or-not-sending twin-field protocol, has been adopted. Besides, we present a systematic model to evaluate the performance of a QDS protocol and compare the performance of our protocol to other typical QDS protocols. Numerical simulation results show that the new protocol exhibits outstanding security and practicality compared to other existing protocols. Therefore, our protocol paves the way toward real-world applications of QDSs.
Switchable imaging between edge-enhanced and bright-field based on a phase-change metasurface
Authors: Yang Hui , Xie Zhenwei , He Hairong , Zhang Qiang , Li Jiaohao , Zhang Yilin , Yuan Xiaocong
Published: July 2021

Edge-enhanced imaging and bright-field imaging extract different morphological information from an object, and hence a system capable of switching dynamically between them is of vital importance for various applications. By incorporating an elaborately designed meta-device with a

4

f

imaging system, we demonstrate dynamic switching between 2D edge-enhanced imaging and bright-field imaging. The dynamically switchable characteristic results from the composed phase-change material meta-atoms, which are optimized to provide two independent phase profiles in amorphous and crystalline states. For dynamically switchable imaging, the meta-device functions as either a high-pass or a low-pass filter in the Fourier frequency spectrum, relying on its phase state. In addition, the dynamically switchable imaging is polarization independent. The proposed meta-device owns ultra-thin architecture and polarization-insensitive dynamically switchable functionality, holding potential applications in integrated biomedical imaging and defect detection.
Evaluation of the Abbott ARCHITECT HIV Ag/Ab combo assay for determining recent HIV-1 infection
Authors: Curtis Kelly A. , Rudolph Donna L. , Pan Yi , Delaney Kevin , Anastos Kathryn , DeHovitz Jack , Kassaye Seble G. , Hanson Carl V. , French Audrey L. , Golub Elizabeth , Adimora Adaora A. , Ofotokun Igho , Bolivar Hector , Kempf Mirjam-Colette , Peters Philip J. , Switzer William M.
Published: July 2021

Background

Given the challenges and costs associated with implementing HIV-1 incidence assay testing, there is great interest in evaluating the use of commercial HIV diagnostic tests for determining recent HIV infection. A diagnostic test with the capability of providing reliable data for the determination of recent HIV infection without substantial modifications to the test protocol would have a significant impact on HIV surveillance. The Abbott ARCHITECT HIV Ag/Ab Combo Assay is an antigen/antibody immunoassay, which meets the criteria as the first screening test in the recommended HIV laboratory diagnostic algorithm for the United States.

Methods

In this study, we evaluated the performance characteristics of the ARCHITECT HIV Ag/Ab Combo signal-to-cutoff ratio (S/Co) for determining recent infection, including estimation of the mean duration of recent infection (MDRI) and false recent rate (FRR), and selection of recency cutoffs.

Results

The MDRI estimates for the S/Co recency cutoff of 400 is within the 4 to 12 months range recommended for HIV incidence assays, and the FRR rate for this cutoff was 1.5%. Additionally, ARCHITECT Combo S/Co values were compared relative to diagnostic test results from two prior prospective HIV-1 diagnostic studies in order to validate the use of the S/Co for both diagnostic and recency determination.

Conclusion

Dual-use of the ARCHITECT Combo assay data for diagnostic and incidence purposes would reduce the need for separate HIV incidence testing and allow for monitoring of recent infection for incidence estimation and other public health applications.
Access experiences and attitudes toward abortion among youth experiencing homelessness in the United States: A systematic review
Authors: Munro Sarah , Benipal Savvy , Williams Aleyah , Wahl Kate , Trenaman Logan , Begun Stephanie
Published: July 2021

Objectives

We sought to review the literature on the access experiences and attitudes toward abortion among youth experiencing homelessness in the United States.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review of peer‐reviewed literature published from 2001 to 2019. We included qualitative studies involving US participants that focused on access experiences, views, or accounts of unintended pregnancy and/or abortion among youth experiencing homelessness. We excluded studies published before 2001 as that was the year mifepristone medication abortion was made available in the US and we aimed to investigate experiences of access to both medical and surgical abortion options.

Results

Our thematic analysis of the data resulted in five key themes that characterize the abortion attitudes and access experiences of youth experiencing homelessness: (1)engaging in survival sex and forced sex, (2)balancing relationships and autonomy, (3)availability does not equal access, (4)attempting self-induced abortions using harmful methods, and (5)feeling resilient despite traumatic unplanned pregnancy experiences.

Conclusions

Youth experiencing homelessness experience barriers to abortion access across the US, including in states with a supportive policy context and publicly funded abortion services. In the absence of accessible services, youth may consider harmful methods of self-induced abortion. Improved services should be designed to offer low-barrier abortion care with the qualities that youth identified as important to them, including privacy and autonomy.
Validation of the indication for colposcopy proposed by the 2019 ASCCP risk-based management consensus guidelines: A single-center study in China
Authors: Gui Ting , Chen Zhiyan , Chen Fei
Published: July 2021

Objective

To validate the colposcopy indication proposed by the 2019 ASCCP Risk-Based Management Consensus Guidelines for abnormal cervical cancer screening tests (the 2019 ASCCP guidelines).

Methods

Clinical data of 1404 patients who underwent colposcopy in single center in China were reviewed. Based on history and current cervical screening (HPV & cytology), corresponding recommendations were given according to the 2019 ASCCP guidelines. The agreement and discrepancy of colposcopy indication were analyzed between the Chinese consensus and the 2019 ASCCP guidelines.

Results

Colposcopy indication was matched in about 80% patients. The left 20% were recommended with follow-up by the 2019 ASCCP guidelines. The discrepancy mainly focused on patients having a current result of HPV-positive NILM without unknown history. The ratio of observed CIN3+ in our database over estimated CIN3+ by the 2019 ASCCP guidelines was 6.2 (31/5). The ratio was even higher in patients with HPV16/18-positive NILM (7, 28/4), compared with those with other types of high-risk HPV-positive NILM (3, 3/1). The 2019 ASCCP guidelines had a relatively high sensitivity (83.1%), a low specificity (21.5%), a low positive predictive value (14.1%) and a high negative predictive value (89.1%) for prediction of CIN 3+.

Conclusions

We could try to apply the 2019 ASCCP guidelines in Chinese population. The classification of HR-HPV was strongly recommended during risk assessment. For patients with HPV16/18 infection, colposcopy should be recommended. Perspective multi-center randomized controlled trial with reliable follow-up should be performed in the future to confirm the feasibility.
A transfer learning approach to facilitate ComBat-based harmonization of multicentre radiomic features in new datasets
Authors: Da-ano Ronrick , Lucia François , Masson Ingrid , Abgral Ronan , Alfieri Joanne , Rousseau Caroline , Mervoyer Augustin , Reinhold Caroline , Pradier Olivier , Schick Ulrike , Visvikis Dimitris , Hatt Mathieu
Published: July 2021

Purpose

To facilitate the demonstration of the prognostic value of radiomics, multicenter radiomics studies are needed. Pooling radiomic features of such data in a statistical analysis is however challenging, as they are sensitive to the variability in scanner models, acquisition protocols and reconstruction settings, which is often unavoidable in a multicentre retrospective analysis. A statistical harmonization strategy called ComBat was utilized in radiomics studies to deal with the “center-effect”. The goal of the present work was to integrate a transfer learning (TL) technique within ComBat—and recently developed alternate versions of ComBat with improved flexibility (M-ComBat) and robustness (B-ComBat)–to allow the use of a previously determined harmonization transform to the radiomic feature values of new patients from an already known center.

Material and methods

The proposed TL approach were incorporated in the four versions of ComBat (standard, B, M, and B-M ComBat). The proposed approach was evaluated using a dataset of 189 locally advanced cervical cancer patients from 3 centers, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) images, with the clinical endpoint of predicting local failure. The impact performance of the TL approach was evaluated by comparing the harmonization achieved using only parts of the data to the reference (harmonization achieved using all the available data). It was performed through three different machine learning pipelines.

Results

The proposed TL technique was successful in harmonizing features of new patients from a known center in all versions of ComBat, leading to predictive models reaching similar performance as the ones developed using the features harmonized with all the data available.

Conclusion

The proposed TL approach enables applying a previously determined ComBat transform to new, previously unseen data.
How risky is it to visit a supermarket during the pandemic?
Authors: Tsukanov Alexey A. , Senjkevich Alexandra M. , Fedorov Maxim V. , Brilliantov Nikolai V.
Published: July 2021

We performed large-scale numerical simulations using a composite model to investigate the infection spread in a supermarket during a pandemic. The model is composed of the social force, purchasing strategy and infection transmission models. Specifically, we quantified the infection risk for customers while in a supermarket that depended on the number of customers, the purchase strategies and the physical layout of the supermarket. The ratio of new infections compared to sales efficiency (earned profit for customer purchases) was computed as a factor of customer density and social distance. Our results indicate that the social distance between customers is the primary factor influencing infection rate. Supermarket layout and purchasing strategy do not impact social distance and hence the spread of infection. Moreover, we found only a weak dependence of sales efficiency and customer density. We believe that our study will help to establish scientifically-based safety rules that will reduce the social price of supermarket business.
Impact of metabolic syndrome and its components on bone remodeling in adolescents
Authors: Nóbrega da Silva Valéria , Goldberg Tamara Beres Lederer , Silva Carla Cristiane , Kurokawa Cilmery Suemi , Fiorelli Luciana Nunes Mosca , Rizzo Anapaula da Conceição Bisi , Corrente José Eduardo
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Osteoporosis and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are diseases that have serious public health consequences, reducing the quality of life of patients and increasing morbidity and mortality, with substantial healthcare expenditures.

Objective

To evaluate the impact of MetS on bone mineral density (BMD) and biochemical markers of bone formation and resorption in adolescents with excess weight.

Method

A descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was performed that evaluated 271 adolescents of both sexes (10 to 16 years). From the total sample, 42 adolescents with excess weight and the presence of MetS (14%) were selected. A further 42 adolescents with excess weight and without MetS were chosen, matched for chronological age, bone age, and pubertal developmental criteria to those with MetS, for each sex. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure collection, and biochemical tests were performed in all adolescents, as well as evaluation of BMD and the bone biomarkers osteocalcin (OC), bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), and carboxy-terminal telopeptide (S-CTx).

Results

The adolescents with excess weight and MetS exhibited significantly lower transformed BMD and concentrations of BAP, OC, and S-CTx compared to the matched group, except for OC in boys. A negative and significant correlation was observed between total body BMD and BAP (r = -0.55568; p = 0.005), OC (r = -0.81760; p = < .000), and S-CTx (r = -0.53838; p = 0.011) in girls.

Conclusion

Metabolic syndrome may be associated with reduced bone mineral density and biochemical markers of bone formation and resorption in adolescents with excess weight.
Evaluating the vector competence of Aedes simpsoni sl from Kenyan coast for Ngari and Bunyamwera viruses
Authors: Mutisya James , Kahato Michael , Mulwa Francis , Langat Solomon , Chepkorir Edith , Arum Samuel , Tchouassi David , Sang Rosemary , Lutomiah Joel
Published: July 2021

Background

Bunyamwera(BUNV) and Ngari (NGIV) viruses are arboviruses of medical importance globally, the viruses are endemic in Africa, Aedes(Ae) aegypti and Anopheles(An) gambiae mosquitoes are currently competent vectors for BUNV and NGIV respectively. Both viruses have been isolated from humans and mosquitoes in various ecologies of Kenya. Understanding the risk patterns and spread of the viruses necessitate studies of vector competence in local vector population of Ae. simpsoni sl which is abundant in the coastal region. This study sought to assess the ability of Ae. Simpsoni sl mosquitoes abundant at the Coast of Kenya to transmit these viruses in experimental laboratory experiments.

Methods

Field collected larvae/pupae of Ae. Simpsoni sl mosquitoes from Rabai, Kilifi County, were reared to adults, the first filial generation (F0) females’ mosquitoes were orally exposed to infectious blood meal with isolates of the viruses using the hemotek membrane feeder. The exposed mosquitoes were incubated under insectary conditions and sampled on day 7, 14 and 21days post infection to determine susceptibility to the virus infection using plaque assay.

Results

A total of 379 (Bunyamwera virus 255 and Ngari virus 124) Ae. simpsoni sl were orally exposed to infectious blood meal. Overall, the infection rate (IR) for BUNV and NGIV were 2.7 and 0.9% respectively. Dissemination occurred in 5 out 7 mosquitoes with mid-gut infection for Bunyamwera virus and 1 out of 2 mosquitoes with mid-gut infection for Ngari virus. Further, the transmission was observed in 1 out of 5 mosquitoes that had disseminated infection and no transmission was observed for Ngari virus in all days post infection (dpi).

Conclusion

Our study shows that Ae. simpsoni sl. is a laboratory competent vector for Bunyamwera virus since it was able to transmit the virus through capillary feeding while NGIV infection was restricted to midgut infection and disseminated infection, these finding adds information on the epidemiology of the viruses and vector control plan.
Reweighting a Swedish health questionnaire survey using extensive population register and self-reported data for assessing and improving the validity of longitudinal associations
Authors: Nilsson Anton , Bonander Carl , Strömberg Ulf , Canivet Catarina , Östergren Per-Olof , Björk Jonas
Published: July 2021

Background

In cohorts with voluntary participation, participants may not be representative of the underlying population, leading to distorted estimates. If the relevant sources of selective participation are observed, it is however possible to restore the representativeness by reweighting the sample to resemble the target population. So far, few studies in epidemiology have applied reweighting based on extensive register data on socio-demographics and disease history, or with self-reported data on health and health-related behaviors.

Methods

We examined selective participation at baseline and the first two follow-ups of the Scania Public Health Cohort (SPHC), a survey conducted in Southern Sweden in 1999/2000 (baseline survey; n = 13,581 participants, 58% participation rate), 2005 (first follow-up, n = 10,471), and 2010 (second follow-up; n = 9,026). Survey participants were reweighted to resemble the underlying population with respect to a broad range of socio-demographic, disease, and health-related characteristics, and we assessed how selective participation impacted the validity of associations between self-reported overall health and dimensions of socio-demographics and health.

Results

Participants in the baseline and follow-up surveys were healthier and more likely to be female, born in Sweden, middle-aged, and have higher socioeconomic status. However, the differences were not very large. In turn, reweighting the samples to match the target population had generally small or moderate impacts on associations. Most examined regression coefficients changed by less than 20%, with virtually no changes in the directions of the effects.

Conclusion

Overall, selective participation with respect to the observed factors was not strong enough to substantially alter the associations with self-assessed health. These results are consistent with an interpretation that SPHC has high validity, perhaps reflective of a relatively high participation rate. Since validity must be determined on a case-by-case basis, however, researchers should apply the same method to other health cohorts to assess and potentially improve the validity.
Undersampling bankruptcy prediction: Taiwan bankruptcy data
Authors: Wang Haoming , Liu Xiangdong
Published: July 2021

Machine learning models have increasingly been used in bankruptcy prediction. However, the observed historical data of bankrupt companies are often affected by data imbalance, which causes incorrect prediction, resulting in substantial economic losses. Many studies have proposed the insolvency imbalance problem, but little attention has been paid to the effect of the undersampling technology. Therefore, a framework is used to spot-check algorithms quickly and combine which undersampling method and classification model performs best. The results show that Naive Bayes (NB) after Edited Nearest Neighbors (ENN) has the best performance, with an F2-measure of 0.423. In addition, by changing the undersampling rate of the cluster centroid-based method, we find that the performance of the Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Naive Bayes (NB) are affected by the undersampling rate. Neither of them is uniformly declining, and LDA has higher performance when the undersampling rate is 30%. This study accordingly provides another perspective and a guide for future design.
Knowledge, attitude, practice and associated factors towards patient safety among nurses working at Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Wake Addisu Dabi , Tuji Techane Sisay , Gonfa Berhanu Kebe , Waldekidan Eskeder Tsehayu , Beshaw Etalem Demise , Mohamed Mohamed Ahimad , Geressu Shawlem Tadese
Published: July 2021

Background

Patient safety has been identified as a global priority area. It is one of the most health care challenges. There is a rising number of patients’ mortality in hospitals each year because of lapses in patient safety practice. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to assess knowledge, attitude, practice, and associated factors towards patient safety among nurses working at Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital.

Methods

Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted on 172 nurses working at Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital, Arsi Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. The data were collected from nurses from December 28, 2020 to January 05, 2021 by using a pretested questionnaire. The data were entered into Epi-Data version 4.2.0.0 and analyzed using the SPSS version 23.0 software.

Results

A total of 172 nurses were enrolled in to the study, resulting a response rate of 99.4%. The mean age of the nurses was 32.53 years. More than half 94(54.7%) of them were female. The majority 133(77.3%) of them were qualified for degrees and above. The majority 155(90.1%) of them had working experience of ≤13years. The nurse’s level of good knowledge, positive attitude, and good practice towards patient safety was 58.7% (n = 101, [95% CI; 51.7, 66.7]), 52.9% (n = 91, [95% CI; 43.6, 61.4]), and 50% (n = 86, [95% CI; 43.6, 57%]) respectively. The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed; working in the operation theatre unit [AOR = 5.01, 95% CI; 1.36, 18.46], having information on patient safety during initial education [AOR = 4.99, 95%CI; 1.87, 13.31], and having information on patient safety during continuing education [AOR = 2.85, 95% CI; 1.14, 7.12] were factors significantly associated with knowledge towards patient safety. Being male [AOR = 3.09, 95% CI; 1.38, 6.95], having working experience of >13 years [AOR = 8.37, 95% CI; 1.36, 51.70], having information on patient safety during initial education [AOR = 3.36, 95%CI; 1.11, 10.15], having information on patient safety during continuing education [AOR = 3.33, 95% CI; 1.25, 8.85], and having good Knowledge towards patient safety [AOR = 2.74, 95% CI; 1.21, 6.21] were factors significantly associated with attitude towards patient safety. Having information on patient safety during initial education [AOR = 5.35, 95%CI; 1.77, 16.17] and having a positive attitude towards patient safety [AOR = 3.02, 95% CI; 1.32, 6.91] were factors significantly associated with practice towards patient safety.

Conclusion

In the present study, more than half of the nurse’s had good knowledge and positive attitude towards patient safety. However, only half of the nurses had good practice towards patient safety. Educational programs and training on patient safety may need to take place for nurses to abate these problems.
NUTRITION, FRAILTY AND DISABILITIES
Authors: WATERS D.L.
Published: July 2021

The review paper by Dr. Guyonnet and colleagues (1) is a comprehensive assessment of nutritional frailty and emphasizes the challenges and importance of bringing frailty identification and interventions into the clinical setting.
THE COMMUNITY ASSESSMENT OF RISK INSTRUMENT: INVESTIGATION OF INTER-RATER RELIABILITY OF AN INSTRUMENT MEASURING RISK OF ADVERSE OUTCOM
Authors: CLARNETTE R.M. , RYAN J.P. , O’ HERLIHY E. , SVENDROVSKI A. , CORNALLY N. , O’CAOIMH R. , LEAHY-WARREN P. , PAUL C. , MOLLOY D.W.
Published: July 2021

Background: Frailty is increasingly common in community dwelling older adults and increases their risk of adverse outcomes. Risk assessment is implicit in the Aged Care Assessment Teams process, but few studies have considered the factors that influence the assessor’s decision making or explored the factors that may contribute to their interpretation of risk. Objective: to examine the inter-rater reliability of the Community Assessment of Risk Instrument (CARI), which is a new risk assessment instrument. Design: A cohort study was used. Setting and participants: A sample of 50 community dwelling older adults underwent comprehensive geriatric assessment by two raters: a geriatrician and a registered nurse. Procedure and measurements: Each participant was scored for risk by the two raters using the CARI. This instrument ranks risk of three adverse outcomes, namely i) institutionalisation, ii) hospitalisation and iii) death within the next year from a score of 1, which is minimal risk to 5, which is extreme risk. Inter-rater reliability was assessed with Gamma, Spearman correlation and Kappa statistics. Internal consistency was assessed with Cronbach’s alpha. Results: There were 30 female (mean age 82.23 years) and 20 male (mean age 81.75 years) participants. Items within domains showed good-excellent agreement. The gamma statistic was >0.77 on 6/7 Mental State items, 14/15 items in the Activities of Daily Living domain. In the Medical domain, 6/9 items had Gamma scores >0.80. The global domain scores correlated well, 0.88, 0.72 and 0.87. Caregiver network scores were 0.71, 0.73 and 0.51 for the three domains. Inter-rater reliability scores for global risk scales were 0.86 (institutionalisation) and 0.78 (death). The gamma statistic for hospitalisation was 0.29, indicative of lower inter-rater reliability. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.86 and 0.83 for the Activities of Daily Living domain, 0.51 and 0.42 for the Mental state domain and 0.23 and 0.10 for the Medical state domain. Conclusions: Overall, the instrument shows good inter-rater reliability. Poor correlations on some items relate to poor communication of clinical data and variable interpretation based on professional background. Lack of internal consistency in the medical condition domain confirms the discrete nature of these variables.
Acesso Venoso e Punção Arterial
Authors: Ogliari Ana Luisa Canova , Martins Filho Cleuber Gea
Published: July 2021

O acesso vascular é fundamental para a administração parenteral de fluidos ou medicamentos. Dessa forma, além de outros profissionais da saúde, cabe também ao médico o conhecimento da técnica e a capacidade de realizar esse procedimento. É importante salientar que existem dois principais tipos de acesso: o periférico e o central, os quais devem ser escolhidos devido a características que serão abordadas ao longo desse capítulo. Existe também a opção do acesso intraósseo, o qual também será brevemente relatado neste capítulo, bem como punções arteriais.
Intubação endotraqueal e via aérea cirúrgica
Authors: De Azambuja Marina Ilha , Ghiggi Karine Cristina , de Castro Junior Miguel Angelo Martins
Published: July 2021

A via aérea é fundamental à vida e constitui prioridade no atendimento ao paciente grave e em situações de emergência. Este capítulo abordará importantes conceitos da intubação endotraqueal e da obtenção de via aérea cirurgicamente e sua aplicabilidade prática.
Influence of mold design and injection parameters on warpage deformation of thin-walled plastic parts
Authors: Wang Bo , Cai Anjiang
Published: July 2021

Thin-walled plastic parts are susceptible to deformation during injection molding. Using the example of a notebook battery cover, optimization of the injection mold design and injection process parameters was performed with Moldflow software, which resulted in about 69% reduction of the deformations. Moreover, the uneven material shrinkage during the injection process has been shown to be the main cause of deformations of thin-walled plastic parts.
Influence of torsion on the structure of machine elements made of polymeric materials by 3D printing
Authors: Dębski Mariusz , Magniszewski Marek , Bernaczek Jacek , Przeszłowski Łukasz , Gontarz Małgorzata , Kiełbicki Mateusz
Published: July 2021

In this work, on the example of a spline connection, the effect of 3D printing on the structure of machine elements made of polymeric materials after a torsion test was investigated. A clear influence of the type of polymer and the printing direction in the applied incremental technology [FFF (Fused Filament Fabrication) also known as FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling)] on the structure of the obtained elements was observed.
Optimizing the Segmentation of a High-Resolution Image by Using a Local Scale Parameter
Authors: Zhang Lei , Liu Hongchao , Li Xiaosong , Qian Xinyu
Published: July 2021

Image segmentation is a critical procedure in object-based identification and classification of remote sensing data. However, optimal scale-parameter selection presents a challenge, given the presence of complex landscapes and uncertain feature changes. This study proposes a local optimal
segmentation approach that considers both intersegment heterogeneity and intrasegment homogeneity, uses the standard deviation and local Moran's index to explore each optimal segment across different scale parameters, and combines the optimal segments into a single layer. The optimal segment
is measured by using high-spatial-resolution images. Results show that our approach out-performs and generates less error than the global optimal segmentation approach. The variety of land cover types or intrasegment homogeneity leads to segment matching with the geo-objects on different scales.
Local optimal segmentation demonstrates sensitivity to land cover discrepancy and provides good performance on cross-scale segmentation.
Huellas y producciones de los estudiantes de Historia de España
Authors: Espejo-Marín Cayetano
Published: July 2021

Como señala el título del libro, el trabajo se centra en los procesos y aprendizajes que alcanzan los alumnos mediante los temas que elaboran, los comentarios de texto que realizan y trabajos que llevan a cabo como confeccionar una charla o expresar las emociones que sienten al terminar sus estudios. Asumen los autores que esos resultados hay que entenderlos dentro del marco en el que suceden: el centro, el aula, las relaciones entre compañeros, el currículo que tienen que desarrollar, los procesos de enseñanza y las interacciones que se generan dentro y fuera del aula, las ayudas que el profesor proporciona a los alumnos, los recursos que manejan (fundamentalmente el manual y los apuntes del profesor) los trabajos que los alumnos llevan a cabo, bien en el ámbito formal (temas y comentarios de texto), como en el informal: preparar una charla sobre un tema y describir las emociones sociales que han podido generarse en el estudio de esta asignatura. Es igualmente destacable que, a cada uno de esos ámbitos -seis en total- le dedican unas conclusiones sobre los aspectos más importantes analizados y las proyecciones de futuro que tienen.