bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Repenser le territoire littéraire : une approche géopoétique du projet transmédia L’Île inventée1
Authors: Charest-Pépin William
Published: January 2025

Dans un contexte culturel marqué par l’hybridité des modalités expressives et devant la multiplicité et l’émergence de nouvelles pratiques narratives, une frange du corpus littéraire actuel appelle à renouveler la vision généralement partagée de la littérarité pour y considérer diverses initiatives esthétiques et poétiques appartenant au secteur des arts littéraires. Le cas de L’Île inventée, un archipel créatif collectif et transmédia issu d’un partenariat franco-québécois mené entre 2016 et 2022, est ici soulevé et analysé en ce qu’il serait à même de mettre en lumière ces dynamiques, notamment sur le plan de la déstabilisation expérientielle que ces manifestations médiatiques peuvent induire. Il s’agira d’observer en quoi le projet, qui actualise le motif de l’île utopique, est investi par une approche géopoétique, depuis la valorisation des espaces habités et fabulés jusqu’au développement hors des circuits intellectuels et artistiques conventionnels, favorables à un décentrement des perspectives et au renouvellement du regard sur le monde.
Au croisement de la performance et de la littérature numérique : Mark Baumer et le parcours du territoire dans Barefoot Across America
Authors: St-Onge Yan
Published: January 2025

L’auteur Mark Baumer repousse les frontières littéraires et médiatiques avec son projet Barefoot Across America. Cette oeuvre hybride en ligne permet d’inscrire l’auteur dans diverses traditions artistiques et littéraires, allant du road novel à la vidéo-écriture en passant par le journal filmé. La marche à travers les États-Unis se déroule dans un territoire à la fois vaste et chargé de sens. Par son mode de diffusion multimodal, l’oeuvre implique une réception performative du lectorat.
Necrológica de la profesora Hilaire Kallendorf
Authors: Monzón Pertejo Elena , Montesinos Castañeda María
Published: January 2025

Necrológica de la profesora Hilaire Kallendorf
Sociodemographic and Clinical Determinants of the Quality of Life of Moroccan People With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Raji Ilham , Bourkhime Hind , Ragala Mohammed El Amine , Nejjar Fedwa , Belahsen Mohammed Faouzi
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:

The quality of life (QOL) of people with multiple sclerosis (MS) is considerably poorer than the QOL of people with other chronic diseases. QOL management should not be restricted to only clinical aspects but also factors modifying QOL. The aim of this study was to identify the sociodemographic and clinical determinants of QOL in people with MS.

METHODS:

A cross-sectional study conducted from 2022 to 2023 included 200 participants aged 18 and over recruited from the Hassan II University Medical Hospital in Fez, Morocco. QOL assessment was performed using the Arabic version of the Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 (MSQOL-54) questionnaire. Univariate analysis using Student t test, analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation was performed, followed by multiple linear regression analysis to determine the main factors associated with QOL.

RESULTS:

QOL was impaired in the physical health (PH) (48.51±22.08) and mental health (MH) (48.69±17.18) components of the MSQOL-54. Male sex, unemployment, and high scores on the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) were factors significantly associated with lower scores on both the PH and MH components. In contrast, later age at MS diagnosis and older age were significantly associated with worse PH and MH, respectively. EDSS score was a strong predictor of QOL (PH: β = −34.983; 95% CI, −39.64 to −30.31; MH: β = −23.383; 95% CI, −27.62 to −19.14).

CONCLUSIONS:

The results highlight the importance of sociodemographic and clinical determinants of QOL. Clinicians need to integrate a biopsychosocial approach into therapeutic education programs, considering the risk factors and specific needs of people with MS to optimize their QOL.
Prophylactic Irradiation for the Prevention of Heterotopic Ossification After Foot Amputation: A Case Series
Authors: Kavanagh Amber M. , Miller John D. , McKeon Kelly , Atves Jayson N. , Steinberg John S. , Attinger Christopher
Published: January 2025

Background: The formation of heterotopic ossification (HO) is a common complication after transosseous partial foot amputation. Development of HO in weightbearing and/or superficial areas can lead to increased pressures, which increases the likelihood of wound formation and pain. Current treatment modalities for HO of the foot include mechanical off-loading and surgical resection; however, prophylactic measures such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, bisphosphonates, and other medical therapies have been attempted previously with mixed efficacy. Radiation therapy is another prophylactic method that may be used for the prevention of HO in patients after transosseous partial foot amputation.

Methods: The present case series evaluated ten patients who underwent transosseous partial foot amputation for HO resection immediately followed by single low-dose radiation treatment. All of the patients received radiation between 700 and 800 cGy, with 6 MV photons directed at the area of concern within 48 hours of surgery.

Results: Postoperatively, 10% of patients had HO recurrence, 80% remained fully weightbearing, 90% went on to primarily heal their surgical incisions, and 80% had postoperative pain relief; however, 30% went on to below-the-knee amputation due to chronic pain and/or infectious or nonfunctional pathology.

Conclusions: Radiation therapy is a relatively available and safe modality for the prevention of HO that may be used prophylactically in cases of high suspicion of or known HO formation of the foot.
Tissue Selective Ultrasonic Debridement with Cryopreserved Human Skin Allograft to Heal a Chronic Wound: A Case Report
Authors: Hussain Fahad , Lenz Robin C.
Published: January 2025

Tissue selective ultrasonic debridement is a new method of debriding chronic wounds that prepares the wound for advanced tissue application. This article presents the case of an 89-year-old woman with a chronic nonhealing wound to her lateral distal leg. The wound had a significant amount of biofilm and fibrous slough. Conservative treatment consisting of debridement and multilayer compression was attempted for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, the patient was taken to the operating room for tissue selective ultrasonic debridement with placement of cryopreserved human skin allograft. With local wound care and multiple applications of graft, the chronic wound fully epithelialized. This study highlights the use of tissue selective ultrasonic debridement combined with cryopreserved human skin allograft to successfully heal a chronic wound. To our knowledge, this method of operative debridement and application of graft has not been documented in the literature.
Comparison of Bicortical Headless Cannulated Screw Fixations, Tension Band Fixations, and Kirschner Wire Fixations of a Jones Fracture: A Biomechanical Study
Authors: Yilmaz Onur , Mutlu İbrahim , Kuru Tolgahan , Bilge Ali , Güngör Berna , Kizilay Hasan , Olcar Hacı , Özkılıç Recai , Erken H. Yener
Published: January 2025

Background: The aim of study was to biomechanically compare the fixation of Jones fracture using headless cannulated screw, tension band, and two Kirschner wires.

Methods: A total of 60 fourth-generation, fifth metatarsal synthetic bone models were divided into three groups according to the fixation techniques. A vertical load, oriented from plantar to dorsal and lateral to medial, was applied to the metatarsal specimen that were potted with molding material. The stiffness and fatigue values were compared between the three fixation groups.

Results: In the plantar to dorsal load test, the stiffness values were found to be significantly higher in Group 1 compared to the other groups (P = .034, P = .013). No significant difference was found in the analysis in terms of fatigue values in plantar to dorsal load testing (P = .348, P = .416). No significant difference was found between compression screw and tension band groups in lateral to medial loading test, in terms of stiffness and fatigue values (P = .096, P = .762). However, the stiffness values and fatigue values of these two groups were found to be statistically significantly higher than the Kirschner wire group (P = .003, P = .002, P = .016, P = .023).

Conclusions: The result of this study showed that the bicortical fixation of headless compression screw provides a more stable fixation than other fixation methods, especially in plantar to dorsal loading.
Changes in large-scale neural networks under stress are linked to affective reactivity to stress in real life
Authors: Tutunji Rayyan , Krentz Martin , Kogias Nikos , de Voogd Lycia , Krause Florian , Vassena Eliana , Hermans Erno J
Published: January 2025

Controlled laboratory stress induction procedures are very effective in inducing physiological and subjective stress. However, whether such stress responses are representative for stress reactivity in real life is not clear. Using a combined within-subject functional MRI laboratory stress and ecological momentary assessment stress paradigm, we investigated dynamic shifts in large-scale neural network configurations under stress and how these relate to affective reactivity to stress in real life. Laboratory stress induction resulted in significantly increased cortisol levels, and shifts in task-driven neural activity including increased salience network (SN) activation in an oddball task and decreased default mode network activity in a memory retrieval task. Crucially, individuals showing increased SN reactivity specifically in the early phase of the acute stress response also expressed increased affective reactivity in real life. Our findings provide (correlational) evidence that real-life affective stress reactivity is driven primarily by vigilant attentional reorienting mechanisms associated with SN.
Deep learning for enhanced risk management: a novel approach to analyzing financial reports
Authors: Shi Xiangting , Zhang Yakang , Yu Manning , Zhang Lihao
Published: January 2025

Risk management is a critical component of today’s financial environment because of the enormity and complexity of data contained in financial statements. Business situations, plans, and schedule risk assessment with the help of conventional ways which involve analytical, technical, and heuristic models are inadequate to address the complex structures of the latest data. This research brings out the Hybrid Financial Risk Predictor (HFRP) model, using the convolutional neural networks (CNN) and long-short term memory (LSTM) networks to improve financial risk prediction. A combination of quantitative and qualitative ratings derived from the analysis of financial texts results in high accuracy and stability compared with the HFRP model. Evaluating key findings, the quantity of training & testing loss decreased considerably and they have their final value as 0.0013 and 0.003, respectively. According to the hypothesis, the selected HFRP model demonstrates the values of the revenue, net income, and earnings per share (EPS), and are closely similar to the actual values. The model achieves substantial risk mitigation: credit risk lowered from 0.75 to 0.20, liquidity risk from 0.70 to 0.25, market risk from 0.65 to 0.30, while operational risk is at 0.80 to 0.35. By analyzing the results of the HFRP model, it can be stated that the proposal promotes improved financial stability and presents a reliable model for the contemporary financial markets, which in turn helps in making sound decisions and improve the assessment of risks.
Beyond support: exploring the dynamic and static biomechanical changes induced by preventive ankle taping: a novel cross-sectional study
Authors: Bravo-Aguilar María , Abuín-Porras Vanesa , Blanco-Morales María , Romero Morales Carlos , Almazán-Polo Jaime , Villafañe Jorge Hugo , Canosa-Carro Lorena
Published: January 2025

Introduction

In sports, 80% of all ankle injuries are sprains of the external compartment. Functional bandages are usually used preventively, specially in individuals with a history of lateral ankle injuries. To this day, the actual benefits of such taping remain unknown as important modifications are introduced in the ankle biomechanics.

Objective

The aim of the present study is to describe the biomechanical processes underlying these effects, such as modification during stance times, balance, contact surface and maximum and average pressures in the rearfoot, forefoot and midfoot, using a sprain preventive taping for the external ankle compartment.

Methods

An observational, analytic, cross-sectional study was designed. Data from static and dynamic plantar pressures with a pressure platform and balance data assessed with the Y Balance Test (YBT) were analysed in 50 participants (age = 21.00 ± 2.34 years, weight = 71.11 ± 13.12 kg, height = 1.75 ± 00.9 m, BMI = 22.94 ± 2.50 kg/m2, foot size = 41.60 ± 3.00) with and without preventive functional taping for lateral ankle sprain (LAS).

Results

A statistically significant decrease in YBT was observed in the taped participants toward anterior (p = 0.001) and posterolateral (p = 0.005) motion. On the static measures at the pressure platform, an increase in peak pressure at the midfoot (p = 0.001), a decrease in the maximum pressure in the forefoot (p = 0.003) and a decrease in the contact surface in the rearfoot (p = 0.003) were recorded. Dynamic measures at the pressure platform analysis showed a statistically significant decrease in contact surface at the rearfoot (p = 0.001), an increase in mean pressure in both the midfoot (p = 0.044) and forefoot (p = 0.001) and a significant decrease in velocity in the forefoot (p = 0.003).

Conclusions

In conclusion, we observed that ankle taping led to increased peak pressures in the midfoot and decreased maximum pressures in the forefoot, indicating a shift in load distribution within the plantar surface. Simultaneously, a significant reduction in the velocity at the forefoot during dynamic tasks suggests that taping may alter natural gait dynamics, potentially affecting movement efficiency and stride characteristics. In addition, the application of ankle taping significantly altered balance, as evidenced by a decrease of YBT scores anterior and posterolateral directions. Prophylactic taping in patients with no prior history of LAS is not recommended.
Super Partition: fast, flexible, and interpretable large-scale data reduction in R
Authors: Queen Katelyn J. , Barrett Malcolm , Millstein Joshua
Published: January 2025

Motivation

As data sets increase in size and complexity with advancing technology, flexible and interpretable data reduction methods that quantify information preservation become increasingly important.

Results

Super Partition is a large-scale approximation of the original Partition data reduction algorithm that allows the user to flexibly specify the minimum amount of information captured for each input feature. In an initial step, Genie, a fast, hierarchical clustering algorithm, forms a super-partition, thereby increasing the computational tractability by allowing Partition to be applied to the subsets. Applications to high dimensional data sets show scalability to hundreds of thousands of features with reasonable computation times.

Availability and implementation

Super Partition is a new function within the partition R package, available on the CRAN repository (https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/partition/index.html).
Clusters explaining the relation between menopause and self-reported periodontal disease: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Fadel Hani T. , Qarah Lujain A. , Alharbi Manal O. , Al-Sharif Alla , Al-Harkan Doaa S. , Kassim Saba , Abu-Hammad Osama , Dar-Odeh Najla
Published: January 2025

Background

Menopause is an important milestone in the women’s life continuum and is associated with potentially adverse effects, including those related to oral health. This study assessed self-reported periodontal disease in relation to menopausal status.

Methods

A cross-sectional study involving a convenience sample of female university dental hospital attendees was conducted using a validated, self-administered, self-reported periodontal disease questionnaire. A two-step cluster analysis was used to categorize the participants based on menstrual period (MP) continuity, systemic diseases and age. Differences between clusters were analyzed using chi-square test.

Results

From 112 included participants, three clusters resulted from the analysis: Cluster #1 (37 ± 8 years, no systemic diseases and continued MP), Cluster #2 (40 ± 10, with systemic diseases and continued MP) and Cluster #3 (54 ± 9, with systemic diseases and discontinued MP). Cluster #3 tended to have less optimal oral hygiene habits and more missing teeth (p > 0.05). Clusters #1 and #2 insignificantly reported more gingival bleeding, tooth sensitivity and calculus (p > 0.05). Cluster #3, on the other hand, presented with more self-reported oral dryness (p ≤ 0.05).

Conclusions

Within study limits, clusters of menopausal women with systemic diseases reported high symptoms of periodontal disease that were not significantly different from younger individuals, with the exception of oral dryness.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Various Ameliorant Sources in Increasing NP Absorption and Sweet Corn Productivity on Sandy Soil
Authors: Astiko Wahyu , Sudirman  , Ernawati Ni Made Laksmi , Muthahanas Irwan
Published: January 2025

Aims: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of various ameliorant sources in enhancing NP uptake and the productivity of sweet corn (Zea mays L. saccharata) in sandy soil.
Study Design: The study used a randomized block design with five treatments and four replications.
Place and Duration of Study: The field experiment was conducted in a sandy soil area in Moncok Karya, Pejeruk Karya Village, Ampenan District, Mataram City. The analysis part was carried out in Microbiology laboratory, and in the Soil Physics and Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mataram. All series of trials were completed in six months.
Methodology: The experimental tested five treatments, namely; Control, no ameliorant (A0), Rice Husk Charcoal (AA), Cow Manure (AS), Compost (AK), and Fertile Organic Fertilizer (AP). Each treatment was replicated 4 times. Observations were made on biomass weight, crop yield, nutrient concentrations (N and P), nutrient uptake, and mycorrhizal activity.
Results: Ameliorant treatment with cow manure significantly improved plant growth and productivity by enhancing nutrient availability in the soil. This included increases in biomass, and yield. Cow manure also promoted mycorrhizal activity, improved soil structure and increased nutrient absorption efficiency.
Conclusion: The research result showed that the cow manure as an ameliorant markedly enhanced NP uptake and productivity of sweet corn in sandy soil. It improved soil fertility, supported mycorrhizal colonization, and strengthened plant resistance to environmental stresses.
Investigation of the Phytochemical Constituents of Diverse Epiphytes in the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
Authors: F.U.C. Ezejiofor, , R.W. Ndana, , G.O. Ogunlade-Anibasa, , A.A Madara,
Published: January 2025

A study on the diversity and classification of epiphytes in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) was conducted on thirty (30) species of epiphytes. As an extension of the research work, fifteen (15) epiphytic plants were selected on the basis of data collected by administering semi-structured questionnaires to 90 respondents. The interest of this work is to investigate the phytochemical constituents of Ficus platyphylla, Senna mimosifolia, Platycerium stemaria, Nephrolepsis bisserata, Calyptrochilum emerginatum, Frullania dilatata, Perperomia pellucida, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pitrogramma calomelanos, Caprinus lagopides, Auricularia polytrichia, Formitopsis sp, Lycopodium clavatum and Entodon seductrix in the FCT, to determine their ethnobotanical uses. A qualitative and quantitative phytochemical study procedures were carried out using flavoniods, saponins, alkaloids and tannins. The result of the qualitative analysis on the diverse epiphytes showed that flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids and tanins were either present or moderately present in each of the epiphytes while that of quantitative indicated that the flavonoid content varied between 4.29 mg/100 and 52.61 mg/100. Calyptechium emerginatum has the highest flavonoid content of 52.61 while the lowest was Entodontpsis nitens with 4.29.
Comparing Genomic DNA Extraction Methods/ Protocols to obtain High Quality DNA from Ulva lactuca
Authors: Abobo Tom Jericho L. , T. Ng Judy Ann , Longcop, Jr. Carmelito N , Sanita Lovely A. , Cruz Rubie D. , Olivas Ma. Crissa T. , Panes Kieth C. , Acebuche Louisa D. , Legaspi Pearl Yvonne G. , Custorio Jovencio G. , C. Lim Karina Milagros
Published: January 2025

DNA extraction is the process of isolating the nucleic acid (e.g. DNA) from the cells isolated from organism or samples. DNA extraction protocol is crucial for the quality of DNA to be isolated from a sample, it also entails the success of other downstream application like PCR amplification and sequencing. In this study, three (3) extraction protocols were used to extract DNA from the blade of a seaweed, the Ulva lactuca. The protocols that were used in this study were optimized to extract genomic DNA for other organisms, for instance, the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) method was used for insects, the tri-phosphate extraction (TPE) method is used for rice, while cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) method is commonly used for plants. Some of the components of the protocols were modified like for instance changing the pH of Tris-HCl. The experiment consists of two trials with two replicates in each trial, the trials ensure the reliability of result, specifically the experiment. For the first trial, the TPE method got the highest DNA concentration of 304.1 ng/ul but it did not pass the purity ratio of A260/280 (1.8-2.0) by only having 1.46, however, two replicates pass the A260/280 ratio and both are the replicates 1 of SDS and CTAB protocol having 1.81 and 1.80 A260/280 ratio and the concentrations of 127 ng/ul and 77.0 ng/ul, respectively. For the second trial, both the replicates using CTAB protocol pass the A260/280 ratio with 1.82 and 1.81, and DNA concentration of 24.2 ng/ul and 1,993.6 ng/ul, respectively. This concludes that, still the conventional genomic DNA extraction protocol for plants, which is the CTAB method can also be used to isolate high quality DNA from a green seaweed, the Ulva lactuca. However, some of the components of CTAB method poses health risks and possible environment hazard, the TPE and SDS method can offer a less harmful way to extract DNA, though further optimization on the components of the two protocol is highly encouraged. This study also shows that CTAB can also be used to isolate DNA from other marine plants.
Advancing Production Systems with Online Reinforcement Learning: Real-time Monitoring, Control, and Optimization
Authors: Doskenov Bakhtiyar , Okuyelu Olanrewaju
Published: January 2025

Modern production systems are increasingly complex and variable, requiring adaptive and intelligent solutions for real-time monitoring and control. Traditional methods, such as linear models and static optimization, often fall short in addressing the dynamic, high-dimensional demands of industrial environments. Online reinforcement learning (RL) offers a compelling alternative by enabling systems to continuously learn and optimize decision-making through real-time interactions with their environment. This review explores the current advancements in online RL, focusing on its applications in predictive maintenance, dynamic scheduling, and process optimization. Key methodologies, including Deep RL, policy-based approaches, and hybrid frameworks, are examined for their ability to enhance scalability, adaptability, and efficiency in Industry 4.0 ecosystems. While online RL holds great promise, challenges such as computational demands, algorithmic stability, and limited real-world validation remain significant barriers to its widespread adoption. The lack of standardized benchmarks further hinders the evaluation and comparability of RL solutions across different industrial contexts. The findings underscore the potential of RL to significantly reduce operational costs by optimizing resource utilization, minimizing downtime through predictive interventions, and streamlining production workflows. These improvements collectively enhance productivity and support the creation of more agile and efficient industrial processes. To address existing gaps, this paper synthesizes recent advancements, identifies unresolved challenges, and outlines critical research pathways, including the development of efficient algorithms, the integration of domain knowledge for improved stability, and the deployment of multi-agent RL systems for distributed manufacturing networks. By providing actionable insights, this review highlights the transformative potential of online RL in creating intelligent, autonomous, and resilient production systems that deliver tangible cost and efficiency benefits in real-world applications.
On-Farm Cocoa Fermentation Practices and their Effect on the Quality of Cocoa Beans in Three Agroecological Zones of Uganda
Authors: Mulindwa Joseph , Atukwase Abel , Bitalo Daphne, N , Kaaya Archileo, N
Published: January 2025

Little attention has been paid to on-farm cocoa fermentation practices, leading to poor-quality cocoa beans. A cross-sectional study was conducted in three agroecological zones of Uganda (Lake Victoria Crescent, Western Rangelands, and Lake Albert Crescent) to investigate on-farm fermentation practices, the association between farmer training and adoption of recommended fermentation practices as well as the impact of fermentation practices on cocoa quality. Data on fermentation practices and farmer training was collected using a questionnaire. The quality of cocoa beans collected from interviewed farmers was assessed for bean cut test, fermentation index, pH, and titratable acidity following recommended methods.  Results revealed significant variation in fermentation practices used by farmers, with over 65% employing rudimentary methods such as sack, bucket, and jerrycan. Training of farmers did not increase the likelihood of farmers adopting the recommended fermentation practices. As a result, the quality of fermented cocoa beans was low with only 40-51% of the beans from all zones exhibiting the fully brown color, which is below the 60% threshold for commercial-grade cocoa beans. Furthermore, the fermentation index of cocoa beans from all zones ranged from 0.61-0.67, indicating a high percentage of under-fermented beans.  Farmers who used the recommended practices (heap and box fermentation for 5-7 days while turning cocoa) in each zone, produced cocoa with a significantly (p<0.05) higher percentage of fully fermented beans. The continued use of rudimentary postharvest handling practices among farmers leads to the production of poor-quality cocoa beans. It is important to strengthen the enforcement of recommended fermentation practices to improve the quality of cocoa beans and ensure a sustainable market.
Germination Dynamics of Crateva adansonii D.C. and Sarcocephalus latifolius (Smith) Buce: Key Forest Trees of Burkina Faso
Authors: Kaboré Sibiry Albert , Yaméogo Jérôme Tégawendé , Sanon Zézouma , Ouédraogo Norbert , Hien Mipro
Published: January 2025

Crateva adansonii D.C. (Capparaceae) and Sarcocephalus latifolius (Smith) Buce (Rubiaceae) are two African tree species widely known as multipurpose species for rural populations. Unfortunately, these species are threatened in their natural stands by inappropriate management practices. In addition, their germination capacities are poor in their natural stands Our hypothesis is that the seeds of both species are capable of germination under certain conditions of temperature, light and germination medium. This work aims to study the germination capacity of these species under different conditions. Germination tests were carried out in the laboratory and in the field. 400 seeds of C. adansonii were used in five treatments and 960 seeds of S. latifolius in six treatments. Blotting papers and soil were used as media. Seeds were germinated under different temperature and light conditions over a period of 30 days. A seed was germinated when part of the embryo appeared. The maximum germination rate was obtained after 28 days for C. adansonii and 22 days for S. latifolius. The results show that the best germination rates of C. adansonii (85%) and S. latifolius (82%) are obtained when the seeds are exposed to white light for 12 hours, alternating with 12 hours of darkness. For generative propagation of these plants, it is recommended to germinate the seeds under optimal conditions and then to plant them instead of sowing them in the field.
Advances in Integrated Nutrient Management Practices for Cereal Crops: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Saini Nikhil , Yadav Harmohan Singh , Saini Sahil , Sharma Ambika , Saini Naveen
Published: January 2025

Integrated Fertilizer Management (INM) is an agricultural practice that maximizes the use of all available fertilizer sources to maintain and improve soil fertility and crop yield. The major goal of INM is to create sustainable agricultural output through a balance of organic, inorganic, and biological nutrition sources. INM promotes soil health by recycling nutrients, using less chemical fertilizer, and combining organic manures, crop waste, biofertilizers, and mineral fertilizers. INM entails meeting crop nutrient requirements with a variety of nutrient sources, including organic manures (e.g., farmyard manure, compost), crop residues, biofertilizers (e.g., Rhizobium, Azotobacter), and chemical fertilizers. INM requires soil fertility management, crop rotation, green manuring, and balanced fertilizer application. INM focuses on increasing nutrient efficiency, maintaining soil organic matter, stimulating biological activity, and limiting environmental effect. INM helps farmers by improving soil health, increasing nutrient efficiency and crop yields, lowering environmental pollution, and maintaining economic sustainability. INM has aided many crops, including wheat, maize, barley, and rice. For wheat, INM improves grain yield, quality, and protein content. It improves maize biomass yield, nitrogen uptake, and soil fertility. It allows barley to grow quicker, produce larger grains, and withstand abiotic stress better. In rice, INM enhances tillering, grain quality, and yield. Finally, INM is a holistic method that integrates a variety of fertilizer sources to promote long-term crop production and soil health management, and it offers a feasible solution to the difficulties produced by traditional agricultural practices.
Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Soil Properties, Nutrient Dynamics, and Maize Yield (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Ahirwar Hemlata , Kulhare P. S. , Tagore G. S. , Prajapati Shailendra Sagar , Singh Vivek
Published: January 2025

A field experiment was carried out during the winter seasons of 2021-22 and 2022-23 at the Zonal Agriculture Research Station at Chhindwara. The objective of the experiment was to investigate the impact of various organic and inorganic fertilizers on the nutrient content (N, P, K & Zn), uptake and yield of maize. The experiment was structured using a randomized block design, incorporating ten treatments and three replications. The treatments were, T1 - Control (0:0:0), T2 - 100% RDF (120:60:40 kg NPK ha-1), T3 - 75% RDF, T4 - 50 % RDF, T5 - FYM 10 t ha-1 + Azotobacter, T6 - 100 % RDF + 5 t ha-1 FYM, T7 - 75 % RDF + 5 t ha-1 FYM, T8 - 50 % RDF + 5 t ha-1 FYM, T9 - 100 % RDF + 5 kg Zn ha-1 and T10 - FYM 5 t ha-1 (State practice). The result revealed that the application of 100 % RDF + 5 t ha-1 FYM (T6) recorded higher values of soil chemical properties viz., pH (7.167), EC (0.329), OC (0.350), available nitrogen (340.50), phosphorus (15.92) and potassium (320.26), nitrogen content in grain (1.638) and stover (0.482), phosphorus content in grain (0.407) and stover (0.040), potassium content in grain (0.554) and stover (1.636), nitrogen uptake (196.347), phosphorus uptake (36.107), potassium uptake (275.869), Zn content in grain (30.460 ppm) and stover (21.242 ppm), grain yield (7957.53 kg ha-1) and stover yield (14473.65 kg ha-1).
Impact of Autoclaving on Functional Properties of Pigeon Pea Protein Isolates
Authors: Dutta Minakshi , C. R. Nagesh , Laishram Rosalin , R. Dinesh kumar , Bansal Navita , Goswami Suneha , Kumar Ranjeet R. , G. Rama Prashat , T Vinutha
Published: January 2025

Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) is a protein-rich legume crop widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions, serving as a vital dietary protein source, particularly where protein malnutrition is a concern. The protein fractions in pigeon pea seeds are primarily composed of albumin, globulin, glutelin, and prolamin, with globulins accounting for nearly 60% of the total protein. Despite its nutritional value, pigeon pea protein remains underutilized in plant protein market. This study investigated the impact of autoclaving treatment on the functional properties of protein isolates obtained from two pigeon pea genotypes, Pusa Arhar 2018-4 and ICP 1452. Key functional properties, including protein solubility, surface hydrophobicity, water holding capacity (WHC), oil holding capacity (OHC), emulsifying properties, and foaming properties, were analysed. Autoclaving significantly reduced protein solubility across all pH levels in the range of 35.85-75.28% due to thermal denaturation and aggregation. Surface hydrophobicity increased by 10.68% and 16.18% for Pusa Arhar 2018-4 and ICP 1452, respectively. WHC decreased to 210.28% for Pusa Arhar 2018-4 and 209.8% for ICP 1452, while OHC increased to 186.44% for Pusa Arhar 2018-4 and 189.25% for ICP 1452. Emulsifying activity index (EAI) and stability index (ESI) decreased after autoclaving, EAI decreasing to 16.39 m2/g for Pusa Arhar 2018-4 and 16.34 m2/g for ICP 1452 and ESI decreasing to 29 min for Pusa Arhar 2018-4 and 30.33 min for ICP 1452. Conversely, autoclaving significantly improved foaming capacity by 22.90% and 34.31% for Pusa Arhar 2018-4 and ICP 1452, respectively, with greater foaming stability, at 60 minutes, it increased to 15.92% for Pusa Arhar 2018-4 and 16.91% for ICP 1452. These findings highlight the potential of autoclaving to modulate the functional properties of pigeon pea protein isolates, enhancing their suitability for diverse food applications like inclusion in development of protein rich functional foods.
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems and E-Liquid Modifications to Vape Cannabis Depicted in Online Videos
Authors: Ouellette Rachel R. , Selino Sophia , Kong Grace
Published: November 2023

Importance

Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) were created to vape nicotine e-liquids; however, social media demonstrates increased ENDS modifications to vape cannabis. Analysis of social media content helps with understanding ENDS modifications for cannabis use, overlapping markets for ENDS and cannabis, and the need for additional regulation.

Objective

To analyze online videos for use, modification, and marketing of ENDS to vape cannabis.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this qualitative study, 10 searches were performed on YouTube on July 14, 2022, using different combinations of relevant search terms to identify videos depicting modifications to ENDS and e-liquids to vape cannabis. The first 40 videos from each search (400 videos total, 152 without duplicates) were extracted, of which 59 included depiction or discussion of cannabis vaping content. Content analysis of videos included iterative development of codes, consensus building across team members, and reliability checks.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Metadata (ie, video length, number of likes, comments, and views) were extracted for included videos. Coding was performed for uploader type, modifications to ENDS and e-liquids, devices used, cannabis products vaped, age restriction, purchasing links, health claims, and discussion of warning messages and cannabis regulations.

Results

Of the 59 videos analyzed, 34 (58%) included tetrahydrocannabinol; 33 (56%), cannabidiol; and 8 (14%), both. A total of 21 videos (36%) were age-restricted, while 25 (42%) included purchasing links for cannabis products, 20 (34%) for ENDS, and 7 (12%) for nicotine e-liquids. Twenty-six videos (44%) made claims about health benefits of vaping cannabis. Forty-one videos (69%) demonstrated vaping manufacturer-made cannabis products (eg, cannabis concentrates) with no modifications needed. Eighteen videos (31%) depicted modifications to e-liquids or ENDS for cannabis use. The most frequent modification was mixing e-liquids with cannabis products to be compatible with ENDS. The most frequently reported reason for modifications was to vape cannabis in public by using the same devices used for nicotine.

Conclusions and Relevance

This qualitative study of online videos found high frequencies of statements about health benefits from vaping cannabis, frequent purchasing links, and inadequate age restrictions. Exposure to such content on social media platforms may increase risk of cannabis vaping among youth. Use of the same devices for multiple substances may also enable dual use and complicate the US Food and Drug Administration’s regulation of ENDS.
Derailing Carcinogens—Oncologists and the Ohio Train Derailment
Authors: Nogueira Leticia M. , Sherman Jodi D. , Shultz James M.
Published: November 2023

This Viewpoint discusses how oncologists can support environmental strategies to reduce dependence on petrochemicals, which are associated with cancer risk.
Manganese Porphyrin‐Containing Polymeric Micelles: A Novel Approach for Intracellular Catalytic Formation of Per/Polysulfide Species from a Hydrogen Sulfide Donor
Authors: Young Kemper , Yamane Setsuko , GharehTapeh Elmira Abbasi , Kasamatsu Shingo , Ihara Hideshi , Hasegawa Urara
Published: November 2023

Per/polysulfide species that are generated from endogenously produced hydrogen sulfide have critical regulatory roles in a wide range of cellular processes. However, the lack of delivery systems that enable controlled and sustained release of these unstable species in biological systems hinders the advancement of sulfide biology research, as well as the translation of knowledge to therapeutic applications. Here, a novel approach is developed to generate per/polysulfide species in cells by combining an H2S donor and manganese porphyrin‐containing polymeric micelles (MnPMCs) that catalyze oxidization of H2S to per/polysulfide species. MnPMCs serve as a catalyst for H2S oxidation in aerobic phosphate buffer. HPLC‐MS/MS analysis reveals that H2S oxidation by MnPMCs in the presence of glutathione results in the formation of glutathione‐SnH (n = 2 and 3). Furthermore, co‐treatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells with the H2S donor anethole dithiolethione and MnPMCs increases intracellular per/polysulfide levels and induces a proangiogenic response. Co‐delivery of MnPMCs and an H2S donor is a promising approach for controlled delivery of polysulfides for therapeutic applications.
Highly Bright and Stable Lead‐Free Double Perovskite White Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Jin Shilin , Yuan He , Pang Tao , Zhang Manjia , Li Junyang , Zheng Yuanhui , Wu Tianmin , Zhang Ruidan , Wang Zhibin , Chen Daqin
Published: November 2023

Lead‐free double perovskites (DPs) are emerging highly stable emitters with efficient broadband self‐trapped exciton (STE) photoluminescence (PL), but their low electroluminescent (EL) efficiency is a critical shortcoming. This work promotes the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and luminance of DP‐based white light‐emitting diode (wLED) with a normal device structure to 0.76% and 2793 cd m−2 via two modifications: This work prevents the formation of adverse metallic silver, spatially confined STE, and lowers local site symmetry in Cs2Na0.4Ag0.6In0.97Bi0.03Cl6 DP by terbium doping; and this work develops a guest–host strategy to improve film morphology, reduce defect density, and increase carrier mobility. These alterations cause substantial increase in STE radiative recombination and charge injection efficiency of perovskite layer. Finally, pure white EL with ideal color coordinates of (0.328, 0.329) and a record‐breaking optoelectronic performance is achieved by introducing additional green carbon dots in LED to fill the deficient green component.
Stimuli‐Responsive Nanotechnology for RNA Delivery
Authors: Zhou Hui , Chen Dean Shuailin , Hu Caleb J. , Hong Xuechuan , Shi Jinjun , Xiao Yuling
Published: November 2023

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) drugs have shown promising therapeutic effects for various diseases in clinical and preclinical studies, owing to their capability to regulate the expression of genes of interest or control protein synthesis. Different strategies, such as chemical modification, ligand conjugation, and nanotechnology, have contributed to the successful clinical translation of RNA medicine, including small interfering RNA (siRNA) for gene silencing and messenger RNA (mRNA) for vaccine development. Among these, nanotechnology can protect RNAs from enzymatic degradation, increase cellular uptake and cytosolic transportation, prolong systemic circulation, and improve tissue/cell targeting. Here, a focused overview of stimuli‐responsive nanotechnologies for RNA delivery, which have shown unique benefits in promoting RNA bioactivity and cell/organ selectivity, is provided. Many tissue/cell‐specific microenvironmental features, such as pH, enzyme, hypoxia, and redox, are utilized in designing internal stimuli‐responsive RNA nanoparticles (NPs). In addition, external stimuli, such as light, magnetic field, and ultrasound, have also been used for controlling RNA release and transportation. This review summarizes a wide range of stimuli‐responsive NP systems for RNA delivery, which may facilitate the development of next‐generation RNA medicines.
Werner Salt as Nickel and Ammonia Source for Photochemical Synthesis of Primary Aryl Amines
Authors: Song Geyang , Song Jiameng , Li Qi , Nong Ding‐Zhan , Dong Jianyang , Li Gang , Fan Juan , Wang Chao , Xiao Jianliang , Xue Dong
Published: November 2023

Cheap, stable and easy‐to‐handle Werner ammine salts have been known for more than a century; but they have been rarely used in organic synthesis. Herein, we report that the Werner hexammine complex [Ni(NH3)6]Cl2 can be used as both a nitrogen and a catalytic nickel source that allow for the efficient amination of aryl chlorides in the presence of a catalytic amount of bipyridine ligand under the irradiation of 390–395 nm light without the need of any additional catalysts. More than 80 aryl chlorides, including more than 20 drug molecules, were aminated, demonstrating the practicality and generality of this method in synthetic chemistry. A slow NH3 release mechanism is in operation, obviating the problem of catalyst poisoning. Still interestingly, we show that the Werner salt can be easily recovered and reused, solving the problem of difficult recovery of transition metal nickel catalysts. The protocol thus provides an efficient new strategy for the synthesis of primary aryl amines.
Kontrolle von Intermediaten und Endprodukten durch Kombination von Tröpfchenreaktionen und “Ion Soft‐landing”
Authors: Yang Fangshun , Urban Raphael D. , Lorenz Jonas , Griebel Jan , Koohbor Nima , Rohdenburg Markus , Knorke Harald , Fuhrmann Daniel , Charvat Ales , Abel Bernd , Azov Vladimir A. , Warneke Jonas
Published: November 2023

Obwohl die Massenspektrometrie in erster Linie als Analysetechnik bekannt ist, verfügt sie auch über ein großes Potenzial als Synthesewerkzeug, welches Zugang zu neuartigen Synthesewegen durch Reaktionen in geladenen Mikrotröpfchen oder ionischen Dünnschichten bietet. Solche Reaktionen sind außergewöhnlich und finden hauptsächlich an der Oberfläche von Tröpfchen und dünnen Schichten statt. Der partiellen Solvatisierung der Reaktanten wird hierbei eine wichtige Rolle bei der Verringerung der Aktivierungsbarriere zugeschrieben, doch sind einige mechanistische Details bisher noch nicht geklärt. In unserer Studie nutzen wir die Synergieeffekte zweier nacheinander verwendeter Methoden der „präparativen Massenspektrometrie“: Beschleunigte Reaktionen werden in Mikrotröpfchen während der Elektrospray‐Ionisierung initiiert, um gasförmige ionische Zwischenprodukte in großer Menge zu erzeugen, die anschließend nach Masse‐zu‐Ladungsverhältnis selektiert und sanft gelandet werden, um auf einem Substrat mit einem bereitgestellten Reagenz zu reagieren. Dies ermöglicht die Herstellung von Produkten in der Größenordnung von Nanomol, die weiter charakterisiert werden können. In dieser Konzeptstudie werden unterschiedliche Reaktionswege zwischen intrinsisch neutralen beziehungsweise geladenen Reaktanten sowohl in Mikrotröpfchen als auch in Schichten untersucht. Die Schichten werden durch Landung von molekularen Ionen unter Erhalt ihrer Struktur (“Ion Soft‐landing”) erzeugt. Dies ermöglicht neue Erkenntnisse über die Rolle von partiell solvatisierten Reaktanten an der Oberfläche von Mikrotröpfchen für erhöhte Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten. Ergänzend werden weitere Einblicke in Reaktionen zwischen Ionen gleicher Polarität bei verschiedenen Umgebungsbedingungen gewonnen.
Self‐Assembly of Polyoxometalate‐Based Sub‐1 nm Polyhedral Building Blocks into Rhombic Dodecahedral Superstructures
Authors: Wang Tian , Chen Weichao , Liu Qingda , Wang Wei , Wang Yinming , Wu Biao , Shi Wenxiong , Zhu Yunqing , He Peilei , Wang Xun
Published: November 2023

Self‐assembly of subnanometer (sub‐1 nm) scale polyhedral building blocks can yield some superstructures with novel and interesting morphology as well as potential functionalities. However, achieving the self‐assembly of sub‐1 nm polyhedral building blocks is still a great challenge. Herein, through encapsulating the titanium‐substituted polyoxometalate (POM, K7PTi2W10O40) with tetrabutylammonium cations (TBA+), we first synthesized a sub‐1 nm rhombic dodecahedral building block by further tailoring the spatial distribution of TBA+ on the POM. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations demonstrated the eight TBA+ cations interacted with the POM cluster and formed the sub‐1 nm rhombic dodecahedron. As a result of anisotropy, the sub‐1 nm building blocks have self‐assembled into rhombic dodecahedral POM (RD‐POM) assemblies at the microscale. Benefiting from the regular structure, Br− ions, and abundant active sites, the obtained RD‐POM assemblies exhibit excellent catalytic performance in the cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides without co‐catalysts. This work provides a promising approach to tailor the symmetry and structure of sub‐1 nm building blocks by tuning the spatial distribution of ligands, which may shed light on the fabrication of superstructures with novel properties by self‐assembly.