bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study on Different Brands of Beans Flour Sold in Selected Markets in Port Harcourt, Nigeria and Their moi-moi (Pudding) Making Potential
Authors: J Eke-Ejiofor
Published: August 2023

This study focused on the comparison of three commonly used brands of beans flour sold in selected markets in Port Harcourt Nigeria. Three brands of commercial beans flour were randomly selected and purchased and beans flour was also prepared which served as control. The beans flour brands and the control sample were used to prepare moi-moi- a commonly consumed pudding. The beans flour samples were analyzed for functional and anti-nutrient composition while the moi-moi was analyzed for proximate and sensory properties using standard methods. Data obtained was subjected to analysis of variance and mean values was separated using Duncan Multiple range Test. Results of the functional properties of the beans flour brands showed that water absorption capacity ranged from 1.04 to 1.47 g/g, oil absorption capacity (0.87 to 1.09 g/g), bulk density (0.82 to 0.88 g/ml), foam capacity (12 to 22%), foam stability after 30 min (81.96 to 95.55%) and foam stability after1hr (77.07 to 91.98%). The samples were not significant different (p>0.05) between oil absorption and bulk density but differed significantly in water absorption capacity value. Results of anti-nutrient content showed that phytate ranged from (20.78 to 27.39 g/kg) and tannin (0.84 to 1.55 mg/kg) respectively. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between sample A (Control) and sample B (Ayoola beans flour) in terms of phytate while sample D (Queens Bean flour) had the highest phytate and tannin values. The proximate composition of moi-moi produced with beans flour brands showed that moisture content ranged from (59.87 to 62.42%), ash content (1.77 to 2.31%), fat content (4.90 to 7.40%), crude fiber (1.67 to 1.87%), protein (8.66 to 9.59%) and carbohydrate (17.67 to 21.70%) respectively. There was no significant difference between the samples in moisture, ash and protein contents. The result of the sensory properties of the samples showed that colour ranged from 5.9 to 7.70, aroma 6.50 to 7.40, hardness 6.25 to 6.80, mouthfeel (6.45 to 7.35), taste (6.15to 7.85), overall acceptability (6.27 to7.42). There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between all samples in aroma, hardness and mouthfeel. Sample A (Control), C (Jupo beans flour) and D (Queens Bean flour) showed no significant difference (p>0.05) in taste but sample B (Ayoola beans flour) was preferred in most sensory attributes. The study concluded that preference was not based on the moi moi but on brands of beans flour used for the study.
Applying Numerical Optimization Technique in the Development of Valueadded Powdered Custard
Authors: ST Olorunsogo
Published: August 2023

Custard powder is a relatively shelf-stable, fine textured, dry-formulated, carbohydrate-rich breakfast food product primarily made from corn starch with the addition of salt, flavoring, and coloring agents and with or without the inclusion of egg yolk solids, vitamins, and minerals. The aim of this study was to formulate, characterize, and optimize value-added custard from millet, soybean, and tigernut. A three-component constrained optimal (custom) mixture experimental design, with 69 randomized experimental runs, was employed. The formulation design constraints were: millet (10% - 70%), soybean (10% - 70%), and tigernut (10% - 70%). Other constant components of the formulation were sweet potato extract (3%), date (2 %), clove (1%), cinnamon (1%), turmeric (1%), and ginger (2%). The formulated samples were analyzed and evaluated for quality and sensory characteristics using standard procedures. The result of the optimization gave optimized custard with an overall desirability index of 0.535, based on the set optimization goals and individual quality desirability indices. The optimal formulated value-added custard was obtained from 10.0 % millet flour, 49.3 % soybean meal, and 30.7 % tigernut. The quality properties of this optimal custard are 3.78 % ash content, 28.5 % crude protein, 10.1 % moisture content, 20.1 % fat content, 4.43 % crude fibre, 33.9 % carbohydrate, and 5.79 overall acceptability. The result of the study showed that the formulated value-added custard was found to be of higher quality than the traditional custard which is produced from monocereals. Improving the nutritional quality of food and tackling nutrient deficiencies, particularly protein energy malnutrition in populations, is possible through the application of numerical optimization technique in development new, dietary-based food products.
Evaluation of Prebiotic Utilization and Probiotic Properties of Potential Probiotic Bacteria of Food and Human Origin
Authors: R Kothari
Published: August 2023

Probiotics are live organisms that, when administered adequately, confer health benefits to the host, including cancer prevention, blood cholesterol reduction, and immune system strengthening. They play an essential role in protecting the mammalian intestines against the colonization of pathogenic microbes. It increases integrity by improving the stimulation of epithelial cells. Lactic acid bacteria are generally found in foods and medicine and possess probiotic qualities. This study aimed to evaluate four probiotic isolates, BM1, H39, H31, and IF1, potential probiotic candidates isolated from humans and food origin has grown on MRS (De Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe) medium. The isolates were sequenced using 16SrRNA sequencing and were identified as Lactobacillus fermentum (BM1), Lactobacillus crispatus (H39), Enterococcus faecium (H31), and Lactobacillus helveticus (IF1). The isolate was screened and characterized based on growth characteristics, Gram’s reaction, and functional properties like auto-aggregation, salt aggregation test (SAT), and viability during oro-gastro-intestinal transit was performed. Hemolytic activity, prebiotic score, and antibiotic susceptibility were determined.
Effect of Screen Time on Compulsive Eating Behavior and Nutritional Status of Children
Authors: A Singh
Published: August 2023

Objectives: A study to assess the correlation between screen time exposure and nutritional status and compulsive eating behaviors. Background: Screen time is a sedentary activity that affects child’s physical and mental development. Eating behavior research focuses on the prevention and treatment of obesity and eating disorders. Restrained or emotional eating in children and adolescents suggests relationships with body weight or obesity. Childhood overweight and obesity can lead to many health-related conditions, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, sleep apnea, arthritis, and cancer. Method: The sample was composed of 100 subjects ranging from 5-12 years old. A growth chart from the IAP (Indian Academy of Pediatrics) was used to record nutrition status. Kagan et al. Compulsive eating was examined with a questionnaire. Screen time was assessed by AAP (American academy of paediatrics) screen time by age guidelines. All data were analysed through probability value, correlation was done by Pearson’s correlation and chi-square test. Result: The result showed that out of 100, 14 % of participants had moderately used screens and 86% had excessive use of screens. 38% of participants had low- compulsive eating, 48% of participants had moderate compulsive eating and 14% of participants had high-compulsive eating. Conclusion: The correlation between screen time, compulsive eating, and junk food consumption showed that participants who had higher screen time had higher compulsive eating, lower physical activity, and more junk food consumption.
Primary High Grade Muscle Invasive Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma with Metastasis to the Penis Sparing the Urethra- A Case Presentation and Review of Literature
Authors: S Emara
Published: August 2023

Background: Metastatic transitional cell carcinoma in the penis is extremely rare. Symptoms like penile pain, swelling, or priapism should raise the suspicion, when they happen in a known case of invasive bladder cancer. Case presentation: We report an unusual case of penile pain and swelling in a 69-year-old man, known to have invasive bladder cancer that was initially treated with radiotherapy. Although both penile ultrasound and MRI suspected hematoma or scarring rather than malignancy, the penile biopsy confirmed metastatic transitional cell carcinoma. Conclusion: Metastatic urothelial carcinoma in the penis is a rare presentation with poor prognosis, where treatment options are very limited and mainly palliative.
Role of Plastic Periodontal Therapy in Clinical Management of Orthodontically Treated Vertical Maxillary Excess
Authors: S Sonwane
Published: August 2023

Introduction: The most challenging task for an orthodontist is to achieve harmonious smile, especially in ‘‘gummy smile' or (vertical maxillary excess) cases. These kinds of cases are treated with either intrusion or orthognathic surgery. The most acceptable method is an intrusion, which is associated with buccal cortical bone thickening and decrease clinical crown length. The main aim of this case report is to explore the difference between with and without plastic periodontal therapy after the intrusion. Conclusion: Merely orthodontic intrusion and retraction do not solve the problem of a gummy smile, which further requires cortical shaving and crown lengthening can be achieved through plastic periodontal surgery
CGMs Add Value in Reversal of T2D but are not Indispensable!
Authors: K Suresh
Published: August 2023

Diabetes is a very common condition known to humans for generations. It can turn into serious complications and medical conditions involving various organs. There are two main types of diabetes. In type 1 diabetes, our body can’t make any insulin at all, but type2 diabetes is a life-long, chronic disease in which the body either does not produce enough insulin or the cells in our body don’t respond to insulin correctly. Despite its huge impact on the global population, there is still no cure for Type2 diabetes (T2D). The only known cure for Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is by either a pancreas transplant or a transplant of the specialized pancreatic cells that produce insulin. Recent research suggests that it is possible to reverse the T2D to a point where one may not need medication to manage it and our body does not suffer ill effects from hyper or Hypo- glycemia’s. Reversing diabetes refers to a significant long-term improvement in insulin sensitivity in people with diabetes. In practice to be termed as remission, or reversed or resolved a known diabetic patient’s blood sugar levels must remain normal for at least three months and get their HbA1c <42 mmol /mol (6%) without taking diabetes medications. Weight reduction, Diet management, exercises and therapy can cause type 2 diabetes to go into remission. That does not mean that diabetes will go away forever. Patients need to manage and monitor glucose levels to stay in remission! Reversing diabetes permanently is not possible. Primary care physicians have a key role in promoting Six Lifestyle changes to put diabetes into remission mode: i) Lose weight by 10-15% by any means ii) Exercise regularly for 30 minutes a day, iii) Monitor and maintain blood sugar levels and Hb1Ac within the target set, iv) Eat healthily to make up daily calorie’s requirements- 40% from carbohydrates, 30% from fat and 30% from protein with emphasis on vegetables and fruits. v) Quit smoking and vi) Get 7 hours’ sleep every night and manage sleep apnea if suffering. Blood glucose monitoring, the key issue in achieving reversal of diabetes depends upon devices. Regular glucometers and Continuous glucose monitoring devices are the tools used to monitor blood sugar levels. A lot of aggressive marketing of CGM devices has been seen in recent years. While it is a boon for people who can afford it, most of the developing world population can’t afford them, that should not hinder the progress towards diabetes reversal. This article is based on 2 case studies and literature review of approaches for diabetes reversal, Glucose monitoring devices and weight reducing measures. Materials & Methods: Two cases of diabetes, one autobiography of delayed weight reduction efforts and results and another a drastic weight reduction at early stage, both successes in their own way following key strategies without using CGM.
Mire and Pelage-Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma Salivary Gland
Authors: A Bajaj
Published: August 2023

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of salivary gland is a frequently encountered, malignant neoplasm arising from salivary gland epithelium constituted of mucous cells, intermediate cells and epidermoid cells. Tumefaction is associated with specific chromosomal translocation t(11;19)(q14-21;p12-13) and CRTC1(MECT1)-MAML2 genetic fusion. Median age of disease emergence is 49 years and a mild female preponderance is observed. Neoplasm predominantly incriminates major salivary glands as the parotid gland. Tumefaction depicts a solid, cystic or dual configuration and is composed of neoplastic epidermoid cells demonstrating solid nests, sheets or cellular cords along with varying proportion of epidermoid cells, intermediate cells or mucocytes. Tumour cells appear immune reactive to pan-cytokeratin, CK5/6, p63, p40, epithelial membrane antigen(EMA), CK7 or CK14. Membrane bound mucins appear immune reactive to MUC1, MUC2, MUC4, MUC5AC and MUC5B. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma requires segregation from neoplasms such as pleomorphic adenoma with squamous cell and mucinous cell metaplasia, necrotizing sialometaplasia, Warthin tumour with squamous metaplasia, acinic cell carcinoma, mammary analogue secretory carcinoma (MASC), primary or secondary squamous cell carcinoma or salivary duct carcinoma. Preoperative assessment with ultrasonography or fine needle aspiration cytology may be beneficially employed. Tumefaction may be subjected to comprehensive surgical eradication with excision of broad perimeter of uninvolved, circumscribing soft tissue.
Evaluation of Fodder Production and Nutritional Composition of Fresh and Ensiled African Tall Maize (Zea mays L.) Grown under Various Types and Levels of Fertilization
Authors: Krishna Chilumula Rama , Babu Arumbaka Sudheer , Raju Sagi , Vijay Kolli , Nayak Adavath Suresh
Published: August 2023

The experiment was conducted during October-December,2020 at Forage Production Unit, College of Veterinary Science, Korutla, Jagityala, Telangana State, India  to evaluate the yield of fodder under different manure or fertilizer applications and along with nutritional composition in fresh and ensiled form. African tall maize (ATM) was sown under four treatments and five replications in randomise block design (RBD) (T1=control or no fertiliser application, T2: Recommended dose of fertilisers application @ 120:60:40 NPK kg ha-1, T3: Farm Yard Manure (FYM) applied @ 10 t ha-1 and T4: Sheep manure applied @ 3 t ha-1. The results showed a green fodder yield of 36.5 t ha-1 in T2 followed by T3 (23.8 t ha-1), T4 (22.1 t ha-1) and T1 (20.3 t ha-1) respectively. There was significant difference for plant height and number of leaves at harvest, green fodder yield and forage dry matter yield among the treatments. Maize as a forage should be cultivated with recommended fertilisers to gain the highest fresh forage yields and CP yields. There were no significant differences in Ether extract (EE), crude fibre (CF) and phosphorous content of fresh forage and silage while significant difference was seen in crude protein (CP), total ash (TA), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and calcium content. The nutrient composition of silage was higher than the values of fresh forage. The study showed that the nutrient composition of silage was preferable than the fresh fodder maize harvested at 85 DAS with recommended fertilizers.
Delineating the Association of Component Traits and their Effects on Yield in Elite Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Harisha R. , Bhadru D. , Vanisri S. , Shankar V. Gouri , Bhargava K. , Balakrishnan Adithya P. , Rathan N. D.
Published: August 2023

The current study was conducted at Seed Research and Technology Center (SRTC), Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad, Telangana state, India to understand traits association with yield components and their direct and indirect influence on seed/grain yield during the kharif season (July to November) 2018–19. Eighteen elite rice genotypes were evaluated for eight yield attributing traits in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Correlation study among the genotypes reveals that, genotypic correlation coefficients were slightly higher than phenotypic correlation coefficients for most traits showed the influence of genetic composition on the lines’ expression. Highly significant and positive strong correlation observed for days to maturity and days to 50% flowering (0.8955 and 0.8230), while moderate positive correlation observed for productive tillers plant-1 and panicle length (0.5744 and 0.3571) at genotypic and phenotypic level respectively. However, Seed yield plant-1 depicted a strong and positive correlation with thousand seed weight (0.4048 and 0.3895), while very low with number of productive tillers plant-1 (0.0579 and 0.0524) at the phenotypic and genotypic levels.  The results of path analysis revealed that the thousand seed weight has a high and significant genotypic (0.3286*) and phenotypic path coefficient value (0.3198) indicates high positive direct effects on the seed yield and days to 50% flowering (0.2252) shows strong and positive direct impact on the seed yield. These traits could be used as selection criteria to improve the grain yield and grain quality in the rice breeding programs.
Economics of Raising Seedling of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica) in Protected Structure
Authors: Sojitra M. A. , Satasiya R. M. , Chauhan P. M. , Parmar H. V. , Patel D. V. , Prajapati G. V.
Published: August 2023

The experiment was conducted during 2020−21 and 2021−22 at Green house complex, AICRP on Plastic Engineering in Agriculture Structure and Environment Management, Departmental of Renewable Energy Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Junagadh, Gujarat, India to study the economics of vegetable seedling nursery for high valued broccoli crop for profitable entrepreneurship. Timely sowing and optimizing plant population significantly increase vegetable production. The availability and required seedling in time play a major role in vegetable cultivation. The seedlings of broccoli are transplanted in the rabi season, therefore, farmers have to prepare seedlings in the late monsoon. The germination percentage and survival of seedlings are reduced due to extreme weather condition like frosting, freezing, heat wave, high temperature and excess soil moisture in the open field. Therefore, present work was carried out on the economic feasibility of seedling raising of broccoli in a natural ventilated net-cum-poly house. The seeds of broccoli of Namdhari seeds of F1 were sown in a plug tray in the month of September of the year 2020 and 2021. Plug trays were filled with the mixture of cocopeat and vermicompost in an equal proportion of 1:1 (V/V). The germination was recorded at 94% and each seedling of broccoli was sold for ` 1.60. The Gross Return (GR), Net Return (NR), and benefit-cost ratio of the seedling raising of broccoli were recorded as Rs. 556.80 m-2, Rs. 262.69 m-2 and 1.89, respectively.
Role of Growth Regulators on Quality and Yield of Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata Nees)
Authors: Shekhada Raxit R. , Macwan Sunil J. , Patel Nilesh J. , Gajbhiye Narendra A.
Published: August 2023

Astudy was conducted at B.A.College of Agriculture,Anand Agricultural University,Anand during 2019 to find out the influence of foliar treatments on the productivity of Kalmegh.Different treatments which includes T1 (NAA 50 mg l-1), T2 (NAA 100 mg l-1),T3 (NAA 200 mg l-1), T4 (GA3 50 mg l-1), T5 (GA3 100 mg l-1), T6 (GA3 200 mg l-1), T7 (paclobutrazol 50 mg l-1), T8 (paclobutrazol 100 mg l-1), T9 (paclobutrazol 200 mg l-1) and T10 (control) were applied as foliar at 30 days after transplanting. The effect of phytohormones on dry herbage yield at harvest were found significant and highest was (4913.84 kg ha-1) in GA3 100 mg l-1 followed by paclobutrazol 100 mg l-1(4901.68 kg ha-1) and paclobutrazol 200 mg l-1 (4884.48 kg ha-1) as compared to control. Andrographolide content (%) at harvest were recorded significant and highest was (1.453%) observed in GA3 200 mg l-1. Higher andrographolide content was recorded in GA3 100 mg l-1 (1.403%) and paclobutrazol 100 mg l-1 (1.395%). Results indicated that increased the content of andrographolide by 25.04%, 20.74% and 20.05% in case of GA3 200 mg l-1, GA3 100 mg l-1 and paclobutrazol 100 mg l-1 respectivelyas compared to control. Growth parameters leaf dry weight (0.688) and total dry weight (0.654) reported positive significant correlation with quality parameter i.e.andrographolide percentage at harvest.Physiological parameter have positive significant correlation with the quality i.e. andrographolide viz.SLW (0.699), RGR (0.677), CGR (0.692), NAR (0.655) and BMD (0.651).
Assessing Drudgery Perceived by Agricultural Labourers in Chikkaballapur District of Karnataka
Authors: Ramanji R. S. , Sarkar A. , Mhatre C. S. , Argade S. D.
Published: August 2023

The present study was conducted in Chikkaballapur district of Karnataka, India during 2019 to investigate amount of drudgery faced by agricultural labourers. Primary data collected for 13 selected farm operations from randomly selected 200 (144 men and 56 women) agricultural laborers using structured interview schedule for assessing drudgery perceived by them in performing these 13 operations. The results revealed that women labourers were perceived more drudgery in farm operations as compared men labourers. Women labourers perceived weeding, stubble collection and pesticide application were highest drudgery prone activities whereas men labourers perceived weeding, stubble collection and harvesting were highest drudgery prone activities. Out of thirteen selected farm activities, seed treatment was significantly lowest drudgery prone and weeding was the highest drudgery prone activity for both men and women labourers in the study area. Experience, family size and duration of employment were found to have significant and negative relationship with average drudgery and age & income were positively related with average drudgery. The drudgery among both men and women labourers can be reduced by gaining work experience, using ergonomically refined tools and proper management of employment pattern, duration and income.
Phyto-Pathogenic Fungi Associated with Damping-off of Tomato in Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Bhardwaj Swadha , Gupta Meenu
Published: August 2023

This study aims at identifying the major soil borne pathogens of tomato associated with damping-off in nursery areas. To achieve this, tomato nurseries of plant pathology farm of our area has been investigated. Samples with damping-off symptoms were collected and cultured under aseptic conditions. Fungi were isolated from diseased stem and roots on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. Growing colonies of fungi were purified by single spore and hyphal tip methods. Based on the morphological characters and pathogenicity tests, fungal species were identified as Pythium ultimum, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii.
Challenges and Economic Feasibility of Betelvine Cultivation in Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Yadav Sudheer Kumar , Jangid Rakesh , Gupta A. K. , Kumar Amit , Kumar Deepak , Shankar Kripa
Published: August 2023

Betel vine (Piper betel L.) is referred to as “Paan” in India. It is the most significant and profitable commercial crop and is cultivated as a significant cash crop due to its high benefit cost ratio (2.3). Fresh betel leaves found rich source of phyto-nutrients and vitamins viz., proteins, minerals, fibre, carbohydrates, vitamin A and vitamin B1. Uttar Pradesh region is favourable for better cultivation of betel vine. There are a few areas in Uttar Pradesh that are well-known for growing betel leaves, such as Bundelkhand, Varanasi, and Unnao. Betel vine farming is labour and capital intensive and best suited to small-scale farmers with a stable source of work and income. The main challenges associated with betel vine cultivation are lack of quality planting material, disease and pest infestation, lack of market, and natural calamities. Leaf rot, wilt, and leaf spot are the major diseases that significantly affect the quality and productivity of betel leaves. But due to its perishable nature and price fluctuations, this is one of the biggest marketing challenges faced by betel vine farmers. Establishing a market intelligence system to forecast prices in advance and simultaneously exploring the export market may be beneficial for realising a higher return on betel vine cultivation. Young farmers are excited to cultivate the betel vine and promote it as a cash crop for gainful employment in Uttar Pradesh. The Government of Uttar Pradesh has launched a scheme to promote the quality production of betel vine leaves.
Effect of Dose and Time of Nitrogen Application on Growth and Yield of Sesamum (Sesamum indicum L.) Under Irrigated Conditions
Authors: Aruna E. , Kumar K. Sunil
Published: August 2023

The experiment was conducted during rabi season from November to January months of 2020–21 in the farm of Agricultural Research Station, Utukur, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India to study the growth and yield performance of sesame under different levels and times of nitrogen application. The treatments included four levels of nitrogen viz., 40, 60, 80 and 100 kg ha-1 and four application timings as 50:50 basal and 30 DAS, 25:75 basal and 30 DAS, 25:37.5:37.5 basal, 20 and 40 DAS and 0:50:50 basal, 20 and 40 DAS which were laid out in split plot design with levels of nitrogen in main plots and time of nitrogen application in sub plots in three replications. The test variety YLM-66 was mixed with sand in 1:3 proportion and sown at a spacing of 30×10 cm2. Taller plants were recorded with application of 100 kg N ha-1 which was on par with 60 and 80 kg ha-1  and the number of branches per plant was not influenced significantly by  nitrogen. The number of capsules plant-1, number of seeds capsule-1 and seed yield was higher with application of 80 kg N ha-1 indicating this as an optimum of nitrogen fertilizer in contrast to the present recommended dose of 40 kg N ha-1and regarding the time of application, and number of splits, application of 80 Kg N ha-1 in three splits in the ratio of 25-37.5-37.5 at basal, 20 and 40 days after sowing is recommended for getting higher seed yield in sesamum. Under irrigated conditions in YSR Kadapa district of Andhra Pradesh.
Genotype×Environment Interaction and Stability Analysis for Quality Parameters in Little Millet (Panicum sumatrense L.)
Authors: Dela G. J. , Patil Harshal E. , Vadodariya G. D. , Patel U. N. , Ray Purnima
Published: August 2023

The present study was conducted to evaluate Genotype×Environment interaction and stability analysis for quality parameters for 9 observations in 50 little millet genotypes under three environments i.e.Waghai, Vanarasi and Navsari locations under Gujarat, India during the year kharif-2020. Stability analysis revealed that G×E interaction was significantly differed for all the characters except calcium content (mg 100 g-1) and ash content (mg 100 g-1) indicated that different genotypes reacted differently to different environmental conditions. Estimates of environmental indices indicated that Waghai location was favourable for yield contributing characters along with quality parameters followed by Navsari and Vanarasi. The results of present study revealed that none of the genotypes exhibited average stability for all the characters. Among the genotypes, WV 262, WV 258, WV 256, WV 293 and WV 273 were found average stable over environments for grain yield plant-1 with quality parameters. So, these genotypes may be used in further breeding programme in little millet.
Junior High School Students' Critical Thinking Ability in Biology Learning through Liveworksheet E-LKPD Based on Scientific Approach
Authors: Abu Bakar Chaniago Otis Aprillia , Maulina Dina , Wiono Wisnu Juli , Hernawati Diana
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to assess junior high school students' critical thinking skills in biology learning using Liveworksheet E-LKPD  based on a scientific approach. Critical thinking skills assessments, teacher interviews, and student response questionnaires were used as data collection techniques. The n-gain, normality test, homogeneity test, and independent sample t-test were used to assess critical thinking skills data. The questionnaire and interview data were analyzed descriptively in percentage form. The results revealed significant differences in critical thinking skills between students in the experimental and control groups (Sig. 0.05). The learning process and teaching materials employed produce differences in students' critical thinking skills, students are not accustomed to working on critical thinking problems, and teachers have not maximized learning activities with the scientific approach.ABSTRAK: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa pada pembelajaran biologi di jenjang SMP melalui pemanfaatan E-LKPD dalam liveworksheet berbasis pendekatan saintifik. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pemberian tes kemampuan berpikir kritis, pelaksanaan wawancara guru, dan angket tanggapan siswa. Data kemampuan berpikir kritis dianalisis dengan n-gain, uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, dan uji independen sampel t-test, sedangkan data angket dan wawancara dianalisis secara deskriptif dalam bentuk persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan kemampuan berpikir kritis yang nyata di antara siswa kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol (Sig. 0,05). Perbedaan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa disebabkan oleh proses pembelajaran dan bahan ajar yang digunakan serta siswa belum terbiasa mengerjakan soal-soal berpikir kritis dan guru belum mengoptimalkan kegiatan pembelajaran dengan pendekatan saintifik.
Development of Printed Module of Plants Structure Materials and Its Technology-Based Utilization on The Eighth-Grade Cross Puzzles at Smp Negeri 35 Pekanbaru
Authors: Agprianti Nurul , Agusminarti Agusminarti , Sholihat Neng
Published: August 2023

This research aims to create teaching materials for plant tissue structure materials in the form of printed scientific modules for use in class VIII crossword-based technology. The research model used is the ADDIE research and development model. During the trial, data were collected using a questionnaire (Likert Scale). This study's population was the eighth-grade students, which comprised six classes at SMP Negeri 35 Pekanbaru in semester one of the 2022/2023 school year. In this investigation, one class of 30 samples was used to determine the sample. The findings of the superficial module expert's assessment of the feasibility of printed modules based on crosswords attained a percentage score of 96.875% with a very valid category. The results of the educator's reaction to the print module achieved a percentage score of 93.75% with a fascinating category, and the results of the student response achieved a percentage score of 87.75% with a very interesting category, implying that product development was practicable to use.ABSTRAK: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan bahan ajar berupa modul cetak IPA untuk bahan struktur jaringan tanaman dan penggunaannya dalam teknologi berbasis teka-teki silang kelas VIII. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian dan pengembangan model ADDIE. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner (Skala Likert) pada saat persidangan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah VIII yang terdiri dari 6 kelas di SMP Negeri 35 Pekanbaru pada semester 1 tahun ajaran 2022/2023. Untuk menentukan sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 1 kelas yang terdiri dari 30 sampel. Hasil penilaian ahli modul superfisial terhadap kelayakan bahan ajar berupa modul cetak berdasarkan teka-teki silang mencapai skor persentase 96,875 % dengan kategori sangat valid. Hasil respon pendidik terhadap modul cetak mencapai skor persentase 93,75 % dengan kategori sangat menarik dan hasil respon siswa mencapai skor persentase 87,75% dengan kategori sangat berminat, sehingga disimpulkan produk pengembangan layak digunakan.
Controlled Identities: From Reality to Fantasy in Catharine Maria Sedgwick's Hope Leslie
Authors: Mollinedo Sandra
Published: August 2023

In her prominent novel, Hope Leslie (1827), Catharine Maria Sedgwick explores the delicate and complex relationship between Natives and white settlers in the seventeenth century as it defines American history through the two female protagonists: Magawisca and Hope. Magawisca and Hope’s complex relationship to their respective communities conflict with their own worldviews, thus leading them to conform to and subvert their roles throughout the novel. In this essay, I trace two possible outcomes for America’s future by following Hope and Magawisca’s differing paths with fantasy and reality. In doing so, I argue that Sedgwick highlights the respective natures of these female characters, and how they come to embrace the roles their communities expect them to play. This paper posits the ideals of gender and race in relation to Magawisca and Hope to contextualize how they find their place as individuals within their community and religion. They approach their complex relationship with their roles differently, because their race and communities’ expectations impact them differently. Their journeys offer them nuanced perceptions of their identity, and they eventually conform to their roles with a better understanding of their place in their communities.
Доказательство гипотезы Римана о нетривиальных нулях дзета-функции
Authors: Мусин Наиль
Published: August 2023

Доказывается гипотеза Римана о нетривиальных нулях дзета-функции
Задача о быстрейшем перемещении на графе с переменными задержками
Authors: Коннов Игорь
Published: August 2023

Для динамической задачи о быстрейшем перемещении между заданными вершинами графа с произвольными функциями задержек предложен и обоснован модифицированный алгоритм Дейкстры.
SSR analysis to assess genetic diversity and population structure in parthenocarpy cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
Authors: Kaur Manpreet , Sharma Parveen , Sharma Akhilesh , Lata Hem , Kumar Nimit
Published: August 2023

The genetic diversity and population relationship was determined in 14 genotypes of parthenocarpic cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) using simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers. In this study, fifty-nine SSR markers comprehensively showed polymorphism among cucumber genotypes. Total 252 alleles were identified with an average of 4.27 alleles per locus, while the polymorphism information content (PIC) of the primers ranged from 0.34 to 0.84 with a mean value of 0.62. The major allele frequency and heterozygosity ranged from 0.21 to 0.75 and from 0.43 to 0.89, respectively. Maximum major allele frequency was reported with primer Cs- Female-4, whereas the maximum value of polymorphic information content was found with the primer SSR11742. The dendrogram clustered genotypes into two main groups A and B with 8 and 6 genotypes, respectively. Jaccard’s similarity coefficient ranged from 0.63 to 0.86 with maximum similarity between genotypes DDPCG3 and PLP-1, whereas minimum similarity was observed between DDPCG8 and PLP Gy-1-08B. The population structure revealed three sub-populations with some admixtures. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) with SSR markers revealed that the genotypes were uniformly distributed across the two axes in both the plots with 41.76% of cumulative variation. The genetic divergence within indigenous genotypes allow genotypic identification, gene mapping and cloning for improvement in cucumber breeding.
Effect of growth regulators and micronutrients on quality parameters in cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.)
Authors: Lakshamipathy  , Adiga J D , Kalaivanan D , Bhagya H P , Thondaiman V , Mog Babli , Manjesh G N , Veena G L , Shamsudheen M , Vanitha K , Manjunatha K
Published: August 2023

Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) is an important tropical nut crop of social and economic importance worldwide. However, the crop is threatened with the low yield. In the present study, an attempt was made to test the effects of plant growth hormones as well as micronutrients on nut and apple quality of cashew var. Bhaskara. Significant differences in kernel weight, shelling percentage, carbohydrates and starch content of cashew kernel and juice content of cashew apple were observed with the foliar application of growth hormones and micronutrients. The foliar application of ethrel @ 50 ppm increased shelling percentage (35.8%), carbohydrate content (21.63%), sugar content (6.26%), protein content (32.4%), starch content (31.42%), juice content (78.3%) and total soluble solids (120 Brix). Further, the foliar spray of zinc sulphate (0.5%) + borax (0.1%) increased shelling (36.13%), protein content (32.15%), starch content (32.03%) among all the treatments tested. Furthermore, higher cashew apple juice content (78%) and total soluble solids (120Brix) was also recorded with the foliar spray of zinc sulphate (0.5%) + borax (0.1%).
Influence of container, potting media and nutrients on production and post-production consumer acceptance of potted marigold (Tagetes patula L.)
Authors: Nair S A , Smitha G R , Kalaivanan D
Published: August 2023

Production of potted plants is influenced by factors viz., type of container, potting medium, nutrient dose. A study was conducted to standardize these factors for potted French marigold var. Arka Pari. The treatments comprised of two type of containers (plastic and coir), three potting media [red soil + FYM + sand (1:1:1 v/v), Arka fermented cocopeat (AFC), AFC + vermicompost (1:1 v/v)] and four nutrition concentrations (160:30:180 ppm N:P: K, 128:24:144 ppm N:P: K, 96:18:108 ppm N:P:K and 3% Jeevamrutha) laid out in factorial completely randomized design replicated thrice. Plants grown in potting media combination of Arka fermented cocopeat (AFC) + vermicompost (1:1 v/v) along with weekly application of nutrient solution (128:24:144 ppm NPK) produced maximum number of flowers plant-1 (147.61) and registered highest uptake of nitrogen (2.87 g plant-1), phosphorus (0.53 g plant-1), potassium (3.24 g plant-1), magnesium (0.85 g plant-1) and sulphur (0.21 g plant-1). Based on the attributes of the potted plants, this treatment combination also registered the highest score (81.2 on a scale of 100), willingness of the consumers to purchase (4.5 on a scale of 5), overall acceptability (2.7 on a scale of 3) and the benefit cost ratio of 1.18.
Effect of maturity stages on the quality indices of wood apple (Feronia limonia) and modeling of its kinetics by applying machine learning approaches
Authors: Goyary J , Khobragade C B , Chakraborty S , Tiwari A
Published: August 2023

In the present investigation, an inexpensive and non-destructive method was tested for the appropriate maturity classification of wood apple (Feronia limonia). The investigation was conducted to establish the pronounced effect of maturity stages on the growth kinetics, physico-chemical properties, and other quality indices of wood apple. A systematic trend was observed for all the properties namely sphericity, bulk density (g/cm3), true density (g/cm3), pH, total soluble solids TSS (°Brix), titratable acidity (%) and TSS/TA ratio, etc. of the fruit. In contrast, regular changes were also observed in the color properties at various maturity stages of the wood apple. The maturity kinetics was formulated by applying recurrent neural network (RNN) in compliance with K means cluster algorithm. RNN modeling was applied by considering color property (redness value) as input and six maturity indices as the output of the formulated structure. The RNN architecture, 1-6-6 showed the best results for forecasting the wood apple maturity based on color features. Further, based on the results of the K means cluster algorithm, the maturity stages were classified into three main categories, illustrated in the form of a simplified color chart. Hence, this investigation can be useful for proper control and identification of wood apple maturity during the processing.
Manipulating female flower intensity in ‘Yu Her Pau’ Litchi by delayed winter pruning
Authors: Chang J , Tang L
Published: August 2023

'Yu Her Pau’ litchi (Litchi chinensis) has excellent fruit quality. However, its production on Taiwan is limited by low productivity despite being regarded as a high-quality fruit. It is known that litchi’s leaves play a critical role in floral induction under low temperature. Thus, we hypothesized that the flower intensity in spring could be manipulated by altering the leaf quality in winter, thereby increasing crop load. In this pilot study, ‘Yu Her Pau’ trees were pruned in mid-December [early pruning (EP)], one of the common cultural practices carried out by growers in the region, as control or mid-January [late pruning (LP)]. This resulted in 50% and 100% canopy foliage for EP and LP trees, respectively, between mid-December and mid-January. At the peak blooming time in March, LP trees produced significantly more female flowers than EP trees (95.8 and 56.1/panicle, respectively) with no negative effects on initial fruit set number, fruitlet abscission, or fruit quality at harvest. Our results suggest additional mature leaves present on trees in mid-December onward may benefit litchi flower formation without affecting fruit retention. Thus, preserving leaves with delayed pruning might potentially mitigate the negative impacts of warmer winters due to climate change on litchi flowering.
Stionic effects on leaf mineral nutrient contents in Pummelo (Citrus maxima Merr.) grafted on different rootstocks
Authors: Kalaivanan D , Sankaran M , Patil Prakash
Published: August 2023

A study was conducted to determine the mineral nutrients concentration in the index leaf of pummelo accessions. Index leaf samples from 25 pummelo accessions grafted on pummelo and 12 pummelo clones grafted on Rangpur lime rootstocks were collected for assessing leaf mineral nutrient status. The results revealed that pummelo plants grafted on pummelo, the concentration of leaf N (1.43-2.49 %), P (0.17-0.22 %), K (0.75-4.45 %), Ca (2.37-6.29 %), Mg (0.60-1.04 %), S (0.06-0.22 %), Fe (124-245.45 mg kg-1), Mn (9.85-50.05 mg kg-1), Zn (17-69 mg kg-1) and Cu (8.8-25.15 mg kg-1) showed significant variation with different accessions. Out of 25 pummelo accessions, twenty-four accessions were deficient in N and S, fourteen were deficient in K, four were deficient in Mn and five were deficient in Zn and all accessions were sufficient in P, Ca, Mg, Fe and Cu. The observed trends in the leaf nutrient concentration of pummelo accessions clearly indicated the significance of the genotypic variation when chemical analysis is used for diagnosing the leaf nutrient status of pummelo trees. Similarly, leaf N, P, K, Ca, Mn, Cu and Zn varied significantly among twelve pummelo clones grafted on Rangpur lime. Among the clones grafted on Rangpur lime, 18-3 and 18-5 found to have higher and lower leaf nutrient content in most of the mineral nutrients, respectively. The leaf nutrient content of pummelo varies among genotypes, but there is no genotype that stands out in all macro and micronutrients evaluated. The N, P, K, Ca, S, Fe, Mn and Cu leaf contents in pummelo were always higher in plants grafted on Rangpur lime. However, the foliar Mg and Zn contents were continually higher in plants grafted on ‘pummelo’ compared to Rangpur lime which eventually reduces leaf yellowing/chlorosis in pummelo. Pummelo rootstocks were found to respond well in terms of Mg and Zn nutrient uptake and tolerance to Phytophthora as compared to Rangpur lime. Therefore, it is concluded that pummelo can be an ideal rootstock for commercial pummelo cultivation
Standardization of sterilization protocol for explants and its suitability for direct organogenesis in tuberose cv. Arka Vaibhav
Authors: Patil Mahananda , Bharathi T U , Usharani T R , Kumar Rajiv , Kulkarni B S
Published: August 2023

A study was carried out to standardize the sterilization protocol for different explants (terminal stem scale,immature flower bud and tepal segment) and to select the suitable explant for the direct organogenesis of tuberose cv. Arka Vaibhav. The highest survival per cent (100) and uncontaminated cultures (0.00) of terminal stem scale explant was observed in pre-treatment with overnight soaking of terminal stem scale in the solution comprising carbendazim (0.1%), chlorothalonil (0.05%) and myristyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (cetrimide) (0.05%) and subsequently surface sterilization with 70% ethanol (1 min), 4% sodium hypochlorite (10 min) followed by 0.1% HgCl2 (15 min). The explant immature flower bud recorded the highest survival per cent (100) and maximum aseptic cultures in the treatment T1 comprised of 1.0 drop Tween-20 + 70% ethanol (30 sec) and 1% sodium hypochlorite (3 min). Pre-treatment of tepal segment explant in 0.1% carbendazim (30 min) solution followed by surface sterilization with combination of 1.0 drop Tween-20 + 70% ethanol (30 sec) followed by 1% sodium hypochlorite (3 min) registered 91.66% of survival with the minimum contamination (10%) in the treatment. Among the three explants used, the terminal stem scale was found suitable for direct organogenesis with early greenness (5.72 days) and highly responsive to shoot induction (100%) in MS medium supplemented with 4 mg/L BAP + 0.1mg/L IAA. Other two explants viz., immature flower bud and tepal segment failed to respond for direct organogenesis by shoot induction instead produced profuse callus.
Efficient in vitro plantlets regeneration from leaf explant of Haworthia retusa, an important ornamental succulent
Authors: Huong Thi Trinh , Tran Tuan Trong
Published: August 2023

This study was conducted to establish an efficient in vitro plantlet regeneration protocol using the ex vitro leaves as explants for Haworthia retusa. Leaf tissues were cultured on liquid full-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L indole 3-butyric acids (IBA) for callus induction, followed by sub-cultured to solid medium for callus proliferation. Callus was then transferred to a fresh medium supplemented with 6-benzyl amino adenine (BA) for shoot development. The result showed that the maximum rate of shoot regeneration (100%), number of shoots per explant (43), and shoot height (9.4 mm) were recorded on the solid MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L BA and 30 g/L sucrose. IBA improved rooting, whereas, NAA (naphthaleneacetic acid) causes calli to form at the base of the shoots. The half-strength MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L IBA provided the best rooting response for the shoot. This medium formulation resulted in the highest rooting rate (100%) and the highest mean root number (5 roots/explant). The result of the present study would be helpful for the mass propagation of commercially important H. retusa.