bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Adoption of the Braided River Model towards an Inclusive STEM Workforce for all
Authors: Aleman-Diaz Aixa , Hussen Sakib , Siam Abdul , Etson Candice M. , Greenler Robin McC. , Lightner Taylor , Quiñones-Soto Semarhy , Soso Simone , Segarra Verónica A.
Published: September 2024

Despite decades of interventions aiming to sculpt the STEM workforce to be more inclusive and diverse, little progress has been made in creating long-lasting, sustainable change. For a long period of time, the STEM workforce has been described as a leaky pipeline. While there has been some utility to thinking about the STEM workforce in this way, in this article, we discuss how characterizing the STEM workforce as a leaky pipeline can impede the design of innovative interventions that contribute to sustainable change towards a more inclusive scientific enterprise. As an alternative, we join others who propose using a braided river ecosystem and related social sciences and career development theories as more inclusive ways to think about the STEM workforce and how a target group or an individual navigates their career choices and development as a scientist. New models and paradigms to understand the STEM workforce and individuals’ careers in science may open the door to finding novel strategies to make careers in STEM accessible to all. We share case-studies that highlight the applicability of these more inclusive models.
Dynamic Detection of Deterministic Disk Access Patterns
Authors: Peacock Alen
Published: September 2024

As components within a system increase in performance at different rates, the components with the slowest rate of increase become bottlenecks for the entire system. In personal computing devices, increases in performance of hard disk drives are far outstripped by improvement in processor and main memory speeds, and are therefore a good candidate for performance analysis and examination. Many strategies exist already for improving disk performance. In this work, we focus on detecting deterministic disk access patterns, or patterns of disk access that can be shown to repeat over time. Once found, several strategies for harnessing this determinism are discussed. We introduce a novel method for efficiently detecting and monitoring disk for deterministic patterns, and show that this tool can reveal that more than half of disk access traces exhibit determinism that can be harnessed for improved performance.
Safeguarding media freedom from infrastructural reliance on AI companies: The role of EU law
Authors: van Drunen Max
Published: September 2024

An emerging body of journalism studies research has shown how media organizations are growing dependent on external companies to provide AI tools used to inform the public, and the infrastructure needed to develop and deploy these tools. Concurrently, EU lawmakers and legal scholars have developed new regulatory and normative frameworks to safeguard media freedom from large technology companies. However, this work focuses on platforms’ control over access to large audiences; it remains unclear how AI companies’ power over infrastructure inside newsrooms challenges media freedom. This paper therefore explores how European law should address the challenges to media freedom posed by the media’s dependence on the infrastructure controlled by AI companies. It does so in two steps. First, it evaluates why the media’s dependence on AI companies poses a challenge to the fundamental right to media freedom. It finds that media organizations’ loss of control over the values embedded in the AI tools they use to inform the public poses the most pressing challenge. Second, it explores the suitability of existing EU law to address three conditions (algorithmic opacity, lock-in effects, and resource disparities) for the media’s infrastructural reliance on AI companies. It finds that existing EU law does not adequately address these conditions. However, especially horizontal regulation targeting AI tools and the underlying cloud infrastructure do offer regulatory tools that can be applied or adapted to safeguard media freedom from infrastructural reliance on AI companies.
Resurrecting complete-case analysis: A defense
Authors: Mathur Maya B , Shpitser Ilya , VanderWeele Tyler J.
Published: September 2024

Complete-case analysis (CCA) is often criticized on the belief that CCA is only valid if data are missing-completely-at-random (MCAR). Influential papers have thus recommended abandoning CCA in favor of methods that make a weaker missing-at-random (MAR) assumption. We argue for a different view: that CCA with principled covariate adjustment provides a valuable complement to MAR-based methods, such as multiple imputation. When estimating treatment effects, appropriate covariate control can, for some causal structures, eliminate bias in CCA. This can be true even when data are missing-not-at-random (MNAR) and when MAR-based methods are biased. We describe principles for choosing adjustment covariates for CCA, and we characterize the causal structures for which covariate adjustment does, or does not, eliminate bias. Even when CCA is biased, principled covariate adjustment will often reduce the bias of CCA, and this method will sometimes be less biased than MAR-based methods. When multiple imputation is used under a MAR assumption, adjusted CCA thus still constitutes an important sensitivity analysis. When conducted with the same attention to covariate control that epidemiologists already afford to confounding, adjusted CCA belongs in the suite of reasonable methods for missing data. There is thus good justification for resurrecting CCA as a principled method.
Information fatigue
Authors: Metag Julia
Published: September 2024

This entry embeds the concept of information fatigue in the issue-attention cycle and patterns of long-lasting media attention such as media hypes and storms. It summarizes the effects that intensive and long-lasting news coverage has on people’s minds. Information fatigue has been described with varying terms such as news fatigue, message fatigue, or issue fatigue. Information fatigue as a consequence of overexposure is important for political communication scholars since it can lead to news avoidance. The entry introduces the concept of issue fatigue as a type of information fatigue particularly relevant to political communication research. It summarizes research on the causes and consequences of information fatigue, which are important from a political communication perspective, such as news coverage characteristics or evaluations of the media coverage as influencing factors and news avoidance as one of the most researched consequences.
Reflecting on five years of the European Health Psychology Society’s Open Science Special Interest Group
Authors: Norris Emma , Varol Tugce , Coyne Rory , O'Mahony Aoife , Green James A , Brooks Jo , Toomey Elaine
Published: September 2024

Since the establishment of the European Health Psychology Society (EHPS) Open Science Special Interest Group (SIG) in 2019, we have been working hard to improve the awareness and uptake of Open Science practices within the European Health Psychology community. Having now been established for five years, we reflect on our progress in recent years and share some of these developments.
Improving peer review of systematic reviews and related review types by involving librarians and information specialists as methodological peer reviewers: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rethlefsen Melissa L. , Schroter Sara , Bouter Lex , Kirkham Jamie , Moher David , Blanco David , Ayala Ana Patricia , Brigham Tara Julie , Grossetta Nardini Holly K. , Kirtley Shona , Nyhan Kate , Zeegers Maurice
Published: September 2024

Objective: To evaluate the impact of adding librarians and information specialists (LIS) as methodological peer reviewers to the formal journal peer review process on the quality of search reporting and risk of bias in systematic review searches in the medical literature.Methods: A pragmatic two-group parallel randomized controlled trial of systematic reviews and related evidence synthesis manuscripts submitted to The BMJ, BMJ Open, and BMJ Medicine and sent out for peer review from January 3, 2023 to September 1, 2023. Randomization (allocation ratio, 1:1) was stratified by journal and used permuted blocks (block size = 4). All manuscripts followed usual journal practice for peer review, but those in the intervention group had an additional (LIS) peer reviewer invited. The primary outcomes are the differences in first revision manuscripts between intervention and control groups in the quality of reporting and risk of bias. Quality of reporting was measured using four pre-specified PRISMA-S items. Risk of bias was measured using ROBIS Domain 2. Assessments were done in duplicate and assessors were blinded to group allocation. We performed intention to treat and per protocol analyses. As secondary outcomes, we analyzed differences between groups for each individual PRISMA-S and ROBIS Domain 2 item. We also assessed differences in the proportion of manuscripts rejected as the first decision between the intervention and control groups. The study protocol was registered (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/W4CK2) and the protocol published (https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13063-021-05738-z).Results: Of 2,670 manuscripts sent to peer review during study enrollment, 400 met inclusion criteria and were randomized (62 The BMJ, 334 BMJ Open, 4 BMJ Medicine). By study close, 76 first revisions were submitted in the intervention group and 90 in the control group. Differences in the proportion of adequately reported searches (4.4% difference, 95% CI: -2.0%, 10.7%) and risk of bias in searches (0.5% difference, 95% CI: -13.7%, 14.6%) showed no statistically significant differences between groups. Inviting an LIS peer reviewer showed a difference (16.0%, 95% CI: 0.96%, 31.0%) on adequately reporting one individual item, PRISMA-S Item 13 (dates of search). By four months post-study, 98 intervention and 70 control group manuscripts had been rejected after peer review (13.8% difference, 95% CI: 3.9%, 23.8%). Conclusions: Inviting LIS peer reviewers did not impact adequate reporting or risk of bias of searches in first revision manuscripts of biomedical systematic reviews and related review types, though LIS peer reviewers may have contributed to a higher rate of rejection after peer review.
Climate Suitability Modelling of Miracle Tree Moringa oleifera Distribution in Pakistan using MaxEnt
Authors: Muniba Kainat , Jafar Muhammad Naveed , Chaudhary Muhammad Nawaz , Ashraf uzma , Alamri Faten Sae
Published: September 2024

Climate change has badly affected many countries in the world and Pakistan is being listed among the top ten of those countries. Pakistan is facing many adverse consequences due to climate change, which includes food security issues, water scarcity, temperature rise and high air pollution index. Moringa oleifera, known to be the miracle tree, has multiple advantages and can be used to combat global warming. The geographical suitability of sites for different plant species is diversified by temperature and precipitation variations. With the intention of forecasting the effects of climate change and the suitability of the land for growing M. oleifera in Pakistan, this study employed the MaxEnt Model which is based on the maximum entropy technique. Two Representatives Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 will be used to predict highly suitable areas, moderately suitable areas and the areas which are least suitable for M.oleifera in the year 2070, from five General Circulation Models (GCM). The findings of this study reveal a boost in highly suitable areas of future distribution from 9% of the current distribution to 28.31% and 36.67% in RCP-4.5 and RCP-8.5 respectively. This shows that this tree can withstand adverse environmental conditions and it should be planted in abundant quantities everywhere, considering its multiple ecologi-cal and medicinal uses
The development of Thermax123: An educational Excel-based modelling platform for thermo-fluid analyses
Authors: El-Awad Mohamed Musadag
Published: September 2024

This article describes the development of an educational Excel-based modelling platform for computer-aided analyses and optimisation of thermal-fluid systems and highlights its capabilities for fundamental, design-based and research-oriented analyses. The article initially focuses on the capabilities of the two main components of the platform, which are Excel and the Solver add-in, and gives examples of fundamental and design-oriented analyses from fluid-dynamics and heat-transfer. It then shows how VBA could be used to develop a general multi-fluid Excel add-in that extends the platform capabilities to cover thermodynamic analyses. The article also describes a technique for multi-objective optimisation (MOO) analyses of thermal-fluid systems by using the TOPSIS decision-making method and Solver. The technique enables the Excel-based platform to conduct MOO analyses without limiting the number of design variables. Finally, the article highlights the capabilities of the Excel-based platform for research applications by giving an example of a combined ORC-TFC cycle for utilising the low-temperature heat sources such as solar energy, geothermal energy, and industrial waste.
Age-related Impairments in Implicit Recall Depend on What You Are Remembering
Authors: Gove Jennifer , Sanders D. Merika W. , Huber David E. , Cowell Rosemary
Published: September 2024

The hippocampus is one of the first brain regions to deteriorate with age, accounting for some forms of memory loss in older adults, akin to a mild form of hippocampal amnesia. Hippocampal impairment entails the loss of explicit memory (e.g., source recognition) despite preservation of implicit memory (e.g., priming, as observed in word-stem completion paradigms). Many have argued that the crucial factor differentiating between implicit/explicit memory tasks is whether retrieval is automatic or whether it intentionally references a specific episode. We tested an alternative explanation of the implicit/explicit dissociation based on the content of memory rather than different retrieval processes. Under this view, memory for complex, associative items (e.g., scenes) should be impaired by aging, regardless of retrieval mode (i.e., for both implicit and explicit tasks), whereas memory for simpler items (e.g., individual objects) should not. We tested implicit retrieval of objects and scenes in younger and older adults, cueing memory with a partial “patch view” of the images, analogous to word-stem completion; our findings supported the content-based explanation.
Ironic Effects of Prosocial Gossip in Driving Inaccurate Social Perceptions
Authors: Grayson Samantha Jo , Feinberg Matthew , Willer Robb , zaki jamil
Published: September 2024

Gossip is often stereotyped as a frivolous social activity, but in fact can be a powerful tool for discouraging selfishness and cheating. In economic games, gossip induces people to act more cooperatively, presumably to avoid the cost of accruing a negative reputation. Might even this prosocial sort of gossip carry negative side effects? We propose that gossip might protect communities while simultaneously giving people the wrong idea about who’s in them. Specifically, gossipers might disproportionately share information about cheaters in their midst, driving cynical perceptions among receivers of that gossip. To test these predictions, we first reanalyzed data from a prior study in which people played a public goods game and could gossip about their fellow players. These participants indeed produced negatively skewed gossip: writing much more frequently about cheaters than cooperators, even when most people in their public goods game groups acted generously. To examine the effect of this gossip on cynicism, we ran a new experiment in which a second generation of participants read these gossip notes, and then prepared to play their own public goods game. Gossip recipients inferred that the groups that produced these notes acted significantly more selfishly than they truly had–becoming both cynical and inaccurate based on gossip. However, this gossip did not affect second generation participants’ forecasts of how their own group would behave, nor their own cooperative choices. Together, these findings suggest that gossip skews negative, and, therefore, encourages outside observers to draw more cynical conclusions about groups from which it comes.
The Information Exchange between Working Memory and Long-term Memory
Authors: Bartsch Lea , Fukuda Keisuke , Loaiza Vanessa Maria , Mizrak Eda
Published: September 2024

A fundamental question in memory research has long been the interplay between briefly maintaining information in working memory (WM) and its enduring retention in long-term memory (LTM). Much of the research has explored how WM processes influence the formation of LTM and, in turn, how stored LTM can either support or disrupt WM performance. This Special Issue of Memory & Cognition brings together cutting-edge research that delves into this relationship, showcasing studies that reveal the latest advances in the field. Additionally, it includes articles offering conceptual and theoretical insights to better understand the dynamic interaction between WM and LTM. The 25 articles presented here emphasize the ways in which information is transferred from WM to more durable representations in LTM as well as how WM flexibly draws on LTM to overcome its limited capacity. In many ways, the quality and quantity of contributions to this Special Issue highlight the importance of jointly studying WM and LTM, inspiring future work to challenge pre-existing conceptions and stimulate new directions in the field of memory.
Etika Berbusana dalam Penyiaran Televisi: Studi Kasus Penampilan Ivan Gunawan dalam Acara Brownis
Authors: Prameswari Cucu Awaliyah , Dwi Marzein Mentari , Sayidina Grafika , Junaedi Fajar
Published: September 2024

Mass media, particularly television, plays a significant role in shaping public opinion and providing information to society. However, I the competitive race to capture viewer’s attention, ethical breaches in content presentation often occur. This study investigates such ethical violations, focusing on Ivan Gunawan’s controversial attire on the “Brownis” show aired by Trans TV. Using a qualitative descriptive method through observation and literature review, the research identifies significant breaches of decency and propriety norms as stipulated by the Indonesian Broadcasting Comission Broadcasting Behaviour Guidelines abd Broadcast Program Standards. The Indonesian Broadcasting Comission issued a formal written reprimand to the program for these violations. The findings emphasize the necessity for strict adherence to broadcasting regulations to uphold moral strandards and national identify. This study provides essential insight and guidelines for the broadcasting industry to enforce ethical dress codes, ensuring that content aligns with societal values and legal standards in Indonesia.
Intensively Quenched Steels for Stronger Parts
Authors: Aronov Michael , Rylicki Ed , Pedder Chris
Published: September 2024

An intensive quenching (IQ) process is an environmentally friendly method of hardening steel parts. Digitally controlled, IQ employs highly agitated and directed water flow as the quenchant. An extremely high cooling rate applied uniformly over the entire part surface area induces high surface compressive stresses which prevents part distortion and cracking while forming a very fine microstructure. The fine microstructure results in better mechanical properties compared to properties imparted by conventional oil or polymer quenching. The improved mechanical properties enable engineers to design stronger steel parts for higher power density mechanical systems often using steels containing a less amount of alloying elements or using less expensive plain carbon steels. A broad and deep body of knowledge documents IQ’s ability to tailor a steel component’s microstructure to improve steel parts mechanical properties and performance. A sampling of data will be presented including surface and core hardness, tensile, yield and impact strength, elongation and reduction in area, residual surface compressive stresses for through hardened steels and the carburized grades. IQ systems can be readily “dropped in” to existing steel processing facilities or integrated into next generation heating and cooling systems through teamed relationships with equipment makers and part manufacturers seeking a sustainable future.
Influence of Time and Temperature on Decarburization Rates for AISI 52100 Steel
Authors: Carragher Matthew , Brody Harold , Frame Lesley
Published: September 2024

Decarburization of steel parts during heat treating results in a lower surface hardness, undesirable residual stress profiles, and poor part performance. Significant effort has been made towards preventing decarburization and determining the impact of annealing time and temperature on decarburization rate. Much of the published research has focused on medium carbon steels, ranging from 0.3wt% C to the eutectoid composition. The goal of the current research is to determine decarburization rates for steels with carbon concentrations above the eutectoid concentration. AISI 52100 steel was heated in air for 12, 24, and 36 hours at three temperature ranges (below A1, above Acm, and between A1 and Acm). Optical microscopy was used to determine the carbon concentration as a function of depth from the surface. The diffusion coefficients of carbon in austenite and ferrite plus cementite phase assemblages were calculated. These diffusion coefficients can be used in a finite difference simulation to predict decarburization at different temperatures and times.
Microstructural Development and Fracture Behavior after Rapid Tempering in the Tempered Martensite Embrittlement Regime of 1045 Steel
Authors: Jacobs M.J. , Cryderman R.L. , Findley K.O. , Speer J.G.
Published: September 2024

Quenching and tempering (Q&T) allows a wide range of strength and toughness combinations to be produced in martensitic steels. Tempering is generally done to increase toughness, although embrittling mechanisms result in temperature ranges where strength and toughness may decrease simultaneously. Tempered martensite embrittlement (TME) represents one such mechanism, associated with the decomposition of retained austenite and precipitation of cementite during tempering, usually between 250 and 450 °C. The use of induction heating allows for time-temperature combinations, previously unobtainable by conventional methods, that have been shown to improve properties. The present work shows a beneficial effect of rapid tempering in alloy 1045, with an increase in energy absorption of about 50% when measured at room temperature via a three-point bending fracture test in the TME regime. Phase fraction measurements by Mössbauer spectroscopy showed that increased energy absorption was obtained despite essentially complete decomposition of retained austenite during tempering. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigation of the carbide distribution showed refinement of the average carbide size of approximately 15% in the rapid tempered conditions. SEM characterization of the fracture surfaces of the rapid tempered three-point bend samples showed that, despite an increase in energy absorption in the TME regime, increased microscopic ductile fracture appearance was observed only at the highest test temperature.
Microstructure Optimization of High Carbon Steels for Additive Manufacturing, Heat Treatment, and Interstitial Alloying
Authors: Zeng Qianchen , Christiansen Thomas L.
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the heat treatment response and microstructure evolution of high-carbon steels for additive manufacturing. Moreover, the role of nitrogen as an interstitial alloying element is addressed. Stainless steel 440C, cold-work D2, hot-work H13, and T15 high-speed tool steel overspray powders from spray forming were investigated. The thermal behavior of these materials was examined using a thermal analyzer that combines calorimetry and thermogravimetry. Additionally, interstitial alloying with nitrogen was performed in-situ to understand its influence on thermal behavior. The (near-)equilibrium nitrogen solubility in 440C and D2 in contact with flowing N2 gas was recorded as a function of temperature through the interval 1200 to 800 °C. The microstructure of the steel powders was characterized by light optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction.

The potential of nitrogen alloying and the importance of optimized heat treatment protocols are emphasized with respect to high-carbon steels in additive manufacturing applications.
Impact of Quenching Intensity Conditions on Using a Finite Element Model to Investigate the Microstructure and Hardenability of Low-Alloy Steel
Authors: Alabi J.S. , Heidari E. , Buchely M.F. , Chandrashekhara K. , Lekakh S.N. , O’Malley R.J. , Athavale V. , Kumar A.
Published: September 2024

Quenching is one of the primary processes to improve mechanical properties in steels, particularly hardness. Quenching is well established for different geometries of individually treated steel components; while in-steam quenching of large diameter continuously cast steel bar has several specific features which are difficult and costly to experimentally optimize. The end-quench Jominy test has been used extensively to study the hardenability of different steel grades. Different numerical, analytical, and empirical models have been developed to simulate the Jominy process and to understand quenching of steels. However, it is not straight forward to translate experimental data from Jominy test on instream quenched large diameter continuously cast products.

Therefore, in this work, coupled thermal, mechanical, and metallurgical models were used to simulate the end-quench Jominy test and in-stream quenched industrial round billets with a goal to obtain similarity of experimental structure and properties for both quenched products. For this purpose, finite element analysis (FEA) was employed using the software FORGE (by Transvalor). Used thermophysical properties were generated by JMATPro software. The evolution of microstructure during quenching and resulting hardness were simulated for AISI 4130, and AISI 4140 steel grades. The cooling rates at different positions in the Jominy bar were determined by simulation and compared to experimental. After verification and validation, the FEA simulation was utilized to predict different phases and hardness at different conditions in industry produced round billets. Additionally, relations between Jominy positions and radial positions in the billet were established allowing us to predict structure and properties in inline quenched continuously cast bar having different diameters.
Characterization of Advanced High-Strength Steels by Mechanical Testing and Fracture Analysis
Authors: Salazar César A. , Colás Rafael , Quiñones Miguel A. , Hernández Luis E. , Felde Imre
Published: September 2024

The automotive industry has searched for alternatives to reduce the weight of vehicles without neglecting the user’s safety by using new materials. Advanced high-strength steels of complex phases are used in structural applications requiring good performance and reducing the weight of vehicles. However, these steels have shown edge cracking, known as fissure, during processing, which has become a challenge for steelmakers and other companies that rely on them to manufacture structural components. Such defects can be associated with the interaction between the different microstructural constituents of the steel, such as various phases and precipitates generated during its processing to achieve the required mechanical properties. The present work presents the studies evaluate the effect that processing and chemical composition exerts on edge cracking in complex phase steels of grade 800 MPa produced by different steelmaking routes.
Application of ICME Models to Quality Development for Heat Treatment
Authors: VanAlstine Mark , DeGrace Chip , Persinger Justin
Published: September 2024

Heat Treatment represents one of the largest challenges for component risk management.

Traditional metallurgical test methods do not meet AIAG/VDA Defect detection criteria for safety-critical components and can represent significant overhead costs. Newer non-destructive methods are difficult to implement with substantial upfront costs and must be integrated as 100% inspection to impact PFMEA detection ratings, which can introduce a throughput constraint. Production controls and automated escalation are imperative to minimizing risk.

On the development side, it is impractical to physically evaluate all combinations of product/process variation, or even test specification limits. Consequently, designs which met requirements in validation may experience degraded functionality in production due to ‘normal’ process variation that cannot be eliminated, or inevitable differences between early development and production scale processes.

With the accelerated pace of innovation seen in the automotive industry, use of FEA simulation to evaluate part sensitivities is essential to identify and optimize design/process, reducing risk. Increased confidence must be achieved in test and data processing methodology through robust implementation which often requires substantial investment in time and data analysis, which can be streamlined through machine learning.
Curso de escritura académica. Tomar notas con el método Zettelkasten y Zotero
Authors:   Universidad de Granada, Torres-Salinas Daniel
Published: September 2024

This article is the third piece of a course on academic writing, focusing on the importance of active reading and note-taking using the software Zotero. It emphasizes the need for conscious and deliberate engagement with specialized literature, highlighting how notes serve as indicators of critical thinking and essential tools for knowledge construction. The Zettelkasten method of annotation is presented, promoting non-hierarchical organization and interconnection of ideas, fostering critical analysis and the generation of new insights. Additionally, a taxonomy of note types is offered based on their retention time, level of reading, and technique used. The article details how to implement the Zettelkasten method in Zotero, leveraging its advanced functionalities for reading, annotation, and organization of notes, making it an integral tool for academic writers.
Развитие высшего образования на Ставрополье в переходный период (1920–2001 годы)
Authors: Вартумян А.А. , Шевченко Е.М.
Published: September 2024

В монографии на основе архивных документов, материалов периодической печати исследуемого периода, воспоминаний, трудов отечественных историков рассматриваются особенности, специфика эволюции, основные этапы и направления, развитие высшей школы на Ставрополье в различных социально-политических условиях исследуемого периода. Автор анализирует период становления и предпосылки создания высшей школы на Ставрополье в рассматриваемый период. Особое внимание уделено деятельности высших учебных заведений на Ставрополье во время Великой Отечественной войны. Анализируется поиск оптимальных вариантов структуры и соответствия региональной специализации, отдельная глава посвящена функционированию высшей школы на Ставрополье в переходный период. Исследование адресовано ученым и преподавателям, аспирантам и соискателям, студентам и школьникам, всем читателям, интересующимся вопросами советской истории.
Subtalar joint pronation: Which is the real concern-presence or severity? A cross-sectional study
Authors: Pişirici Pelin , Feyzioğlu Özlem , Kaygas Nurefşan , Mollaibrahimoğlu Yahya Süleyman
Published: September 2024

The study aims to compare static and dynamic postural stability, navicular drop, dorsiflexion range of motion, and jumping performance of individuals with neutral, prone, and hyperprone foot postures. Forty-eight participants between the ages of 18 and 40, were categorized into neutral (n=16), prone (n=16), and hyperprone (n=16) according to foot posture index (FPI). Static and dynamic postural control evaluations (with the Biodex Balance System SD), navicular drop test (NDT) weight-bearing lunge test, countermovement jump test without arm swing, and drop vertical jump tests have been completed. In the results, the average age of participants in the NG, PG, and HPG are 22.31 ± 2.75, 23.87± 3.72, and 22.37 ± 1.28 years and BMI are 22.6 ± 3, 23.4 ± 3.8, and 21.4 ± 2.24 (kg/m²), respectively. The demographic data of the participants showed a homogeneous distribution. There were no significant differences in none of the outcomes except the NDT. Navicular drop amount is positively correlated by the subtalar joint pronation. An increase in subtalar joint pronation does not have a significant effect on static and dynamic stability, jump performance, or dorsiflexion range of motion in healthy individuals.
The Association Between Level of Education and Source of Information with Community’s Optimal Prevention Measures Against Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever: A Cross-Sectional Study in The Coastal Area of Suli Village, Maluku, Indonesia
Authors: Solaulu Elsy Novendri , Titaley Christiana Rialine , Yunita Melda , Tahitu Ritha , Tamalsir Dylan , Haq Hataul Is Asma’ul , Vers Malakauseya Maxwell Landri
Published: September 2024

Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationship between sociodemographic factors and sources of information about dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) and the level of DHF prevention measures in the coastal community of Suli Village, Maluku Province, Indonesia.Material and Methods: The data were derived from a survey conducted in December 2022 involving 217 participants living in the coastal area of Suli Village, Central Maluku District. The dependent variable was the level of DHF prevention measures (i.e., high if the score was 8 to 10 points and low if the score was 7 points or lower). The independent variables included respondents’ age, sex, occupation, education level, household income, and sources of information about DHF. Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the associations between sociodemographic factors and sources of information about DHF and levels of DHF prevention measures.Results: Only 31% of the respondents had high DHF prevention measures. The odds of having a high level of DHF prevention measures were lower in respondents with junior/senior high school education (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=0.23; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.09–0.57; p-value=0.002). The odds were also lower in respondents who received information about DHF from family/friends/neighbours compared to those who received the information from health workers (aOR=0.22; 95% CI: 0.07–0.71; p-value=0.011).Conclusion: Health workers play an important role as health educators. Future studies should consider using both qualitative and qualitative methods to explore motivations, beliefs, and various contextual factors that influence DHF prevention measures in a community.
Remains of cave hyenas Crocuta spelaea (Hyaenidae) from Late Pleistocene cave and alluvial localities in southern Western Siberia
Authors: Vasiliev S.K. , Ovodov N.D.
Published: September 2024

The results of studying 562 bone remains of Crocuta spelaea (Goldfuss, 1823) from 12 cave sites in Khakassia and Altai and 4 alluvial sites in the upper Ob River are presented. In the Fanatics cave in Khakassia, 3 almost complete skeletons of cave hyenas and one partially preserved were found. In this trap cave, 37–42 thousand years ago, hyenas died falling into a deep karst well. Morphometric analysis of the skulls and bones of the postcranial skeleton showed that the cave hyenas of the Late Pleistocene of southern Western Siberia did not differ in body size from the hyenas of Western Europe. In the alluvial localities of the Upper Ob region, the remains of C. spelaea are extremely rare, averaging 0.07% of the number of megafauna remains, which is several times less than that of the cave lion. In the Altai and Khakassia mountains, the relative abundance of cave hyenas may not have been inferior to that of Panthera leo spelaea (Goldfuss, 1810). During the glaciation periods, when cold and arid mountain-steppe landscapes dominated here, inhabited by diverse and numerous megafauna, the abundance of C. spelaea was the highest. During the interglacial period, against the background of widespread forest vegetation, the abundance of herd-hoofed animals decreased, which led to a several-fold decrease in the number of cave hyena populations. The most recent remains of C. spelaea from the Chik River are dated to the age of 33.4 thousand years ago.
Meiobenthos of Lake Krivoe (Karelia) in the winter and vegetational periods
Authors: Petukhov V.A. , Smurov A.O.
Published: September 2024

Our work is dedicated to the comparison of the quantitative development of meiobenthos during the vegetative season and in winter in the dimictic subpolar Lake Krivoe (Karelia). The winter meiobenthos turned out to be significantly poorer in species composition than the meiobenthos of the vegetative season (13 and 29 species, respectively). Of the 8 meiobenthic groups typical for the lake, Ostracoda and Cladocera were completely absent in winter. An analysis of the proportions of the dominant meiobenthos groups showed that the studied lake fits into the group of typical lakes in the North-West of Russia, and does not belong to the group of polar lakes, as would be expected based on its geographical coordinates. The peculiarity of Lake Krivoe that makes it unique among subpolar lakes is the high biomass in the profundal in winter – 0.14 g/m2, which does not significantly differ from that in the vegetative season – 0.2 g/m2. In the littoral and sublittoral in winter, compared with the vegetative season, there is a significant decrease in meiobenthos biomass from 0.47 g/m2 to 0.03 g/m2 and from 0.05 g/m2 to 0.001 g/m2, respectively. In winter, the largest biomass of meiobenthos is provided by the profundal of the lake – 71.5% of the total biomass of meiobenthos, littoral – 27.25%, and sublittoral zone – 1.2%. In the vegetative season, the opposite picture is observed: in the littoral zone of the lake, meiobenthos makes up 71.5% of the total meiobenthos biomass, in the sublittoral zone – 9.70%, and 18.78% in the profundal zone. The biomass of the winter meiobenthos significantly positively correlates with the meiobenthos biomass in September, r = 0.82 (p < 0.001), and with that in May of the next year, r = 0.56 (p < 0.03). Correlations between meiobenthos biomasses in various months of the vegetative season were non-significant.
Pak-France Relations During 21st Century: Strategic Alliances and Bilateral Cooperation
Authors: Tariq Muhammad Ali Raza , Mustafa Ghulam , Shabbir Muhammad
Published: September 2024

This research aims to critically analyse the bilateral relations between France and Pakistan during the 21st century. It emphasizes political, economic, social, cultural and military relationships between the two countries. Its purposes are to demonstrate the political ideologies and foreign policy objectives that influence Pakistan-France relations, to examine the nature of economic ties between Pakistan and France, to analyse the patterns of trade and investment that changed over time, to evaluate the Pakistan-France collaboration on military and security matters, and other key areas of cooperation, and to elucidate Pakistan-France political relations, the influence of pressure groups(political and religious) on their relationship, and to imposing allegations on France as a result of religious disparity in Pakistan. This study concludes that Pakistan and France are having high time collaborations in various sectors with a particular focus on working together in the fields of nuclear technology, defence cooperation, and resolving global security issues.
Inverse Problem for a Distributed System from Pulse Technology
Authors: Khachaturov R. V.
Published: September 2024

An inverse problem with distributed parameters for the process of the self-focusing of cylindrical X-ray pulses in a plasma is considered, and a mathematical model of the studied process in a cylindrical coordinate system is described, taking into account the symmetry of the pulse relative to the direction of its propagation. A similar process in the case of plane pulses is compared, a computational method for solving the direct problem of interaction between the plasma and pulse for the given parameter values is presented, the second order of approximation and the asymptotic stability of the constructed difference scheme are proved. It is proposed to use the equivalence set method to solve the inverse problem of determining the initial parameters of the plasma and pulse from the shape of a cylindrical X-ray pulse passing through it and the dynamics of its maximum intensity. Using this problem as an example, an algorithm for using the equivalence set method to solve inverse problems is described.
On a numerical estimation method with a given accuracy of a quantile criterion in the case of a piece-linear loss function and a gaussian probability density
Authors: Nefedov V. N.
Published: September 2024

The solution of many practical problems leads to the calculation of the values of probabilistic criteria, the most common of which are the quantile and probability functionals. It is known that, under fairly general assumptions, methods suitable for solving problems of finding the values of a probabilistic criterion can be used to solve the problem of quantile analysis. The proposed method for solving the problem of quantile analysis is based on the use of the method of numerical multidimensional integration described in the previous works of the author. One of the important properties of this integration method is universality (when using it, we can set an arbitrary number of variables n and an arbitrary number of linear constraints r). The only limitation is the case of an unacceptably long solution time. Thus, the indicated universality is transferred to the solution of the considered problem of quantile analysis.
A game-theoretic approach to managing the composition and structure of a bearing-only measurement system in conditions of a priori uncertainty
Authors: Ugolnitsky G. A. , Chepel E. N.
Published: September 2024

The problem of managing the composition and structure of a bearing-only measurements system (BOMS) in a game-theoretic formulation is considered. An approach of cooperative search for the placement of BOMS points and a method for estimating the work-time indicator of the system are proposed. The search for the placement of BOMS points uses the toolkit of multi-agent potential games. The criteria for selecting the placement of points and the type of potential function are determined. The management of the composition and structure of the BOMS is based on the results of the cluster-variation method. A structural and functional description of the simulation model is presented. The above results of simulation modeling confirm the practical effectiveness of the proposed approaches.
Trofim Lysenko’s “New doctrine of the species”: an attempt at close reading
Authors: Vinarski Maxim V.
Published: September 2024

One of the core themes in the Soviet Michurinist biology was pointing out Darwin’s “errors” and a plea for a revision of classical Darwinism, allegedly based on “flat evolutionism” (= gradualism) and misinterpretation of the dialectics of the organic evolution. The result was the so-called “Soviet creative Darwinism” that promoted fundamentally new concepts of the biological species and speciation, and was coined the “new doctrine of the species” (NDS) during the 1952–1955 discussion. Even though Lysenkoism has been thoroughly studied, the basic postulates of the NDS, its logical structure and genesis remained outside the scope of attention of the historians of science. Based on primary sources, principally on T. D. Lysenko’s own publications, this article is an attempt at presenting a holistic view of the NDS and identifying its conceptual origins. The content of the NDS is shown to be closely associated with the postulates of dialectical materialism used as the philosophical grounding for the new theory. Most of its biological content is not original and was borrowed by Lysenko from other sources. The more or less original elements of the “new doctrine” were the rejection of the intraspecific struggle for existence and the “physiological” concept of speciation, based on the belief that the most important mechanism of evolutionary transformations is changes in species-specific metabolism. Both of these elements were rejected by biology in the course of its further advancement while some others (inheritance of acquired traits, speciation by leaps) find their supporters today. However, modern ideas of saltational evolution have no continuity with the NDS, as they are based on the mutational paradigm rejected by Lysenko.
“The sciences were never at war”: Sir Joseph Banks and Anglo-French scientific cooperation during the French revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars
Authors: Shipitsyna Yulia S.
Published: September 2024

The article is devoted to the history of interactions between Sir Joseph Banks, President of the London Royal Society in 1778–1820, and the French naturalists during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. From the beginning of the French Revolution the communication between the English and French scientists was hindered and, in some cases, stopped altogether. Banks’ actions helped to renew contacts and reactivate scientific life in both countries. His input was essential for the intellectual heritage of French scientists such as Jacques Julien de La Billardière, Déodat de Dolomieu, and Pierre Bernard Milius. The exchange of periodicals, the conservation of natural science collection and returning it to France, the naturalists’ liberation from captivity – the credit for all of this belongs to Joseph Banks. The analysis in this article is based on the correspondence between Banks, French naturalists and British ministers, published by the British embryologist Sir Gavin de Beer in 1960. The article reveals the context in which this publication appeared and offers Russian translation of the fragments of these letters. Special attention is given to the British scientific culture. Thus, the author suggests to ponder on the extent to which Banks’ actions were determined by the professional culture of the time or by the English mentality. Both of these factors could have possibly influenced Banks’ actions, paradoxical in a sense that in the situation of armed conflicts they turned out to be potentially advantageous for the French science.
Evolution of conception of cell electrogenesis and excitability and electrophysiological school of P.G. Kostuk
Authors: Kolesnikov S. S.
Published: September 2024

The formation and evolution of cell physiology in USSR was associated with the academician Platon Kostuk, an outstanding world-renowned scientist. His scientific activity occurred in the second half of 20th century, the period of burst-like progress in electrophysiology that provided a number of remarkable results rewarded with three Novel prizes. In biology of that time, electrophysiology was the only field, wherein methods and approaches were developed for the on-line analysis of physiological processes in cells and tissues. The goal of the given essay is to highlight retrospective aspects of the bioelectricity concept and to characterize the related contribution of the electrophysiological school of P.G. Kostuk to the field.