bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of Satellite, Surface Observations and Numerical Weather Prediction Model Data to Improve Cloud Base Height and Cloud Base Vertical Velocity Estimation
Authors: Haliczer David T. , Mecikalski John R. , Kollias Pavlos
Published: December 2024

Cloud base height (CBH) and cloud base vertical velocity (CBVV) are important variables that impact the overall climate in a region as they influence the formulation, longevity, and evolution of clouds. Retrieval of both parameters have long used ground instrumentation (e.g., Doppler lidar (DL), ground base radar); however, retrieving CBH from satellites is particularly challenging given that space‐based instruments only observe cloud tops. In this manuscript, CBH is retrieved using a multi‐linear regression equation, while CBVV used a random forests model. Both retrievals combine satellite and numerical weather prediction data. The satellite data used are the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite imagery, while measurements of CBH and CBVV include DL and radiosonde data at the Southern Great Plains (SGP) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement observatory. Data from 83 summer days (May‐August) in 2018–2021 featuring cumulus clouds forced by solar heating were examined and used to train the models, with years 2022–2023 used for validation. Various spatial domains were defined with one large (2.4° longitude by 2.0° latitude) SGP domain being split into smaller sections (smallest being 0.99° and 0.61° longitude and latitude respectably). CBH and CBVV values obtained from the DL as compared to the models show root mean square errors between 150 and 200 m, with CBVV values between 0.45 and 1 ms−1. It was found that the CBH formulation performs well over all domains, while the CBVV retrievals become less accurate due to more turbulence being introduced into the observations as the number of DL stations decreases in the smaller domains.
Detachment Faulting and Mantle Exhumation Beneath an Allochthonous Carbonate Cover: Insights From the Gouffre Georges (Lherz Massif, Pyrenees, France)
Authors: Asti Riccardo , Saspiturry Nicolas , de Saint‐Blanquat Michel , Sorriaux Patrick , Ferré Eric C.
Published: December 2024

The Cretaceous North Pyrenean hyperextended rift system recorded HT‐LP metamorphism in the pre‐ and syn‐rift sedimentary cover during lithospheric mantle exhumation. We describe and analyze for the first time the rocks exposed in the Gouffre Georges, a deep cave in the Lherz peridotite massif (Ariège, France). The cave walls expose the lithospheric detachment between the Mesozoic pre‐rift sedimentary cover hanging wall and the mantle rock footwall. Extensional structures have been preserved despite the positive inversion of the North Pyrenean rift system during the Pyrenean Orogeny. The extension direction is downdip WNW, consistent with rifting models of transtensional left‐lateral regime during the final stage of rifting. Field, microstructural, and petrographic data document a continuum of extensional deformation from high‐ to low‐temperature conditions. This detachment fault underwent high‐temperature hydrothermalism, with a possible contribution from evaporite‐born fluids. New observations also strongly suggest the formation of a hot, low‐viscosity material along the detachment interface. This material was then injected in the uppermost part of the peridotite body during the final stage of mantle exhumation. We consider three possible scenarios: (a) partial melting at the base of the pre‐hyperextension carbonates; (b) precipitation from carbonate‐rich hydrothermal fluids; and (c) flow of hyper‐ductile marble due to extreme plasticity of calcite under high temperature. Likewise, the base of the pre‐hyperextension cover recorded intense hydraulic and tectonic brecciation during extension. As indicated by their lack of syn‐rift sedimentary reworking, the Lherz peridotite recorded partial exhumation at the base of the Jurassic sedimentary cover, without exposure to the seafloor.
Kinetics and process optimization studies for the effective removal of cresyl fast violet dye using reusable nanosized mullite
Authors: Fouad Omar A. , Adly Yara M. , Hosny Wafaa M. , Mohamed Gehad G. , Mostafa Maysa R.
Published: December 2024

The swift rise of hazardous dye effluent from diverse sectors continues to be a severe public health problem and a top priority for environmental preservation, presenting a significant obstacle to the current conventional water treatment systems. This study aims to develop an efficient and reusable approach for removing cresyl fast violet dye using mullite nanoparticles. Some factors such as pH, nano-mullite dosage, agitation speed, time, and others that affect the removal process were studied. The mullite nanoparticles’ shape, particle size, pore diameters, and crystal phase structure are characterized using many techniques such as Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Contact angle, Zeta potential, scanning electron microscope (SEM) as well as energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The optimal conditions were pH 7 and 600 rpm for 30 min at room temperature. Using statistical programs such as ANOVA and Design Expert, the dye removal parameters were modeled and optimized, where the removal percentage was about 99%. In addition, the experimental elimination process exceeded 90% after just 10 min. Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Kaganer-Raduskevich (DKR), and Temkin isotherm equations were examined to find the adsorption isotherm. The experimental data fits the pseudo-second-order model and the Freundlich isotherm. Thermodynamic investigations confirmed that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. The nano-mullite was employed for the removal process, and its recycling ability supports its economic benefits. It was found that the high percentage of elimination remained consistent for more than 3 cycles.
Modulating cytokine microenvironment during T cell activation induces protective RSV-specific lung resident memory T cells in early life in mice
Authors: Wang Ziyin , Zhong Miko , Thomas Chubicka , Kinnear Ekaterina , Rice Tom , Holder Beth , Kampmann Beate , Tregoning John S.
Published: December 2024

Maternal immunisation against respiratory viruses provides protection in early life, but as antibodies wane, there can be a gap in coverage. This immunity gap might be filled by inducing pathogen-specific lung tissue-resident T cells (TRM). However, the neonatal mouse lung has a different inflammatory environment to the adult lung which affects T cell recruitment. We compared the factors affecting viral-specific TRM recruitment in the lungs of adult or neonatal mice. In contrast to adulthood, we demonstrated that RSV or influenza infection in neonatal mice recruited fewer TRM to the lungs. This was associated with reduced lung levels of CCL5 and CXCL10. Co-administration of CCL5 or CXCL10 at the time of primary T cell activation significantly increased RSV-specific TRM in the lung, protecting mice upon reinfection. These chemokine differences were reflected in responses to infection in human cord blood. Here we show a critical role for CCL5 and CXCL10 in the induction of lung TRM and a possible strategy for boosting responses.
Sn–carbon nanocomposite anode for all-solid-state chloride-ion batteries operating at room temperature
Authors: Yang Hyeonsu , Kim Seonghee , Lee Sungho , Zhao Liwei , Inoishi Atsushi , Sakaebe Hikari , Albrecht Ken , Li Oi Lun
Published: December 2024

Nano-sized Sn particles@carbon anode enhanced the capacity and stability of the all-solid-state chloride-ion batteries.
Mapping the molecular mechanism of zinc catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction: a computational study
Authors: Rajalakshmi C. , Devadas Sudheesh , M Manumol , Kottooran John B. , S Kavya , Krishnan K. Keerthi , Anilkumar Gopinathan , Thomas Vibin Ipe
Published: December 2024

A redox-neutral mechanism for Zn-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross coupling reaction.
An in situ polymerization trial to prepare PEDOT decorated VO2 hollow nanospheres for stable zinc ion storage at 0 °C
Authors: Zhao Chunru , Liu Yi , Xu Yefei , Liu Zhanyi , Li Mian , Huang Qing , Wu Xiang
Published: December 2024

The fabricated Zn//VO2@0.8PEDOT cells show excellent specific capacity at different operating temperatures.
Guanidinium-appended γ-cyclodextrin: efficient fullerene solubiliser for enhanced photodynamic therapy
Authors: Man Mervyn Ho Kong , Yau Henry Chak Man , Okuro Kou
Published: December 2024

Guanidinium-appended γ-cyclodextrin enables efficient aqueous fullerene solubilisation, dramatically enhancing photodynamic therapy via improved membrane transfer.
Temperature rise characteristics of C5F10O/CO2 gas mixture AC high voltage switch bus
Authors: Cui Zhaoxuan , Lin Xin , Li Xiaolong , Xia Yalong , Geng Zhenxin , Xu Jianyuan
Published: December 2024

C5F10O/CO2 gas mixture is one of the most promising alternatives to SF6 as an insulating gas in high‐voltage switchgear. As a key performance index in product design, the temperature rise characteristics are rarely reported. In this paper, the thermodynamic parameters of C5F10O/CO2 gas mixture were calculated first. Then, the calculation model of transient temperature rise was constructed for a 252 kV/3150 A bus, and a temperature rise experimental platform was built to verify the reliability of the proposed calculation model. On this basis, the influence of different factors such as load current, charging pressure, mixing ratio, and structure size on the temperature rise of the bus was further analysed, and it is found that increasing the charging pressure and the mixing ratio of C5F10O could effectively reduce the bus temperature rise but it still could not reach the level of SF6. The main structure size that affects the temperature rise of the bus is the outer diameter of the conductor, which increases by 10.2%, and the temperature rise is the same as that of the original SF6 bus. Finally, a high‐precision bus temperature rise surrogate model, which combined with the Latin hypercube model, the coefficient of prognosis, and the Kriging fitting method was established to facilitate the structural design.
Graphs with unique minimum semitotal dominating sets
Authors: Chen Jie , Xu Shou-Jun
Published: December 2024

In an isolate-free graph G, a subset S of vertices is a semitotal dominating set of G if it is a dominating set of G and every vertex in S is within distance 2 of another vertex of S. The semitotal domination number of G, denoted by γt2(G), is the minimum cardinality of a semitotal dominating set in G. We prove that if G is a connected graph with order n ⩾ 3 and a unique minimum semitotal dominating set, then γt2(G)≤(n−1)/2, and we characterize the infinite families of graphs that achieve equality in this bound. By strengthening the condition of the degree, we can get stronger upper bounds. Using edge weighting functions on semitotal dominating sets, for a connected graph G of order n with a unique minimum semitotal dominating set S, giving each edge in E[V (G) ∖ S, S] a weight of size within [0, 1], we prove that γt2(G)≤2/5n and this bound is sharp if the minimum degree of G is at least two, and γt2(G)≤1/3n if the minimum degree of G is at least three.
Utilizing Lateral Sprouting Axons to Reinnervate a Transferred Free Muscle to Enhance Distal Muscle Recovery When Performing High-Level Nerve Repair: Experimental Rat Study
Authors: Tsao Chung-Kan , Jung Shih-Ming , Chuang David Chwei-Chin
Published: December 2024

Background High-level median or ulnar nerve injuries and repairs typically result in suboptimal reinnervation of distal muscles. Functioning free muscle transplantation (FFMT) is increasingly recognized as an effective method to restore function in chronic muscle denervation cases. This study investigates the efficacy of using an additional FFMT, neurotized by lateral sprouting axons from a repaired high-level mixed nerve in the upper limb, to enhance distal hand function.

Methods Thirty-five Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into four groups to evaluate the proposed FFMT technique. The infraclavicular median nerve (MN) was transected and repaired in each animal. The nearby musculocutaneous nerve (MCN) was transected, and the terminal nerve after the biceps muscle was divided and embedded into the biceps muscle, creating an FFMT model. The distal stump of the MCN was anchored to the MN, 1.5 mm distal to the MN repair site. Assessments of nerve and muscle function were conducted 4 months postoperatively.

Results Behavioral analysis, along with measurements of biceps muscle weight and tetanic contraction force, indicated significant recovery in the biceps muscle. Histological staining confirmed reinnervation of the MCN from the repaired MN. Additionally, functional examination of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle revealed no deterioration associated with the repaired MN.

Conclusion The study demonstrates the potentiality of utilizing lateral sprouting axons from a repaired high-level MN to reinnervate an additional FFMT to enhance flexor digitorum superficialis function. The surgical strategy promises recovery of distal muscle function and implies for diverse clinical applications.
Early Initiation of Dangle Protocol in Lower Extremity Free Flap Microsurgery
Authors: Su Shannon , Menon Ambika , Taillon Carolyn , Saad Omar , Merceron Tyler , Ghareeb Paul
Published: December 2024

Background Defects of the lower extremity often require free tissue transfer to provide adequate soft tissue reconstruction. Patients typically undergo a postoperative dangle protocol to condition the flap to withstand the increase in venous pressure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and postoperative length of stay after early initiation of dangle.

Methods A retrospective review of patients undergoing lower extremity free tissue transfer reconstruction at the Grady Memorial Hospital from 2012 to 2022 was conducted. Patient demographics, surgical characteristics, and outcomes were analyzed. Patients were categorized into two groups: early (within 5 days after surgery) and late dangle (day 6 or greater). Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed, with significance determined to be p < 0.05.

Results A total of 83 of 99 available patients met inclusion criteria; 22 patients underwent early and 61 late dangle. Free flap survival was 90.9% in the early and 90.2% in the late group. The mean postoperative length of stay in the early and late groups were 12.3 and 18.8 days, respectively (p = 0.0018). There was no difference in the number of patients who had wound healing complications, flap failure, and a need for amputation in each group.

Conclusion Our results demonstrate that initiation of an early dangle protocol does not affect surgical outcome and leads to a reduction in postoperative length of stay. These results can be used to inform evidence-based recommendations for flap management in lower extremity reconstruction.
Clinical Variables Associated with Lymphedema Surgery: Physiologic versus Excisional
Authors: Lenders Jayna , Best Christine S.W. , Eisner Zachary J. , Kung Theodore A.
Published: December 2024

Background As surgical interventions for lymphedema become increasingly available, it is important to understand characteristics of patients that undergo lymphedema surgery. The goal of this study was to define clinical variables of patients evaluated at a medical center who underwent lymphedema surgery to better inform which referred patients are surgical candidates.

Methods A cross-sectional observational study was performed on patients referred to plastic surgery for lymphedema between January 2016 and June 2023. The operative group included patients who underwent lymphedema surgery, including physiologic surgery (PS) and excisional surgery (ES). The nonoperative group consisted of patients referred for lymphedema who did not undergo lymphatic surgery. Patient records were collected, and between-group comparisons were performed.

Results A total of 285 total patients were identified (n = 66 operative, n = 219 nonoperative). The operative cohort had higher body mass index (BMI) than the nonoperative (33.5 vs. 31.2 kg/m2, p < 0.035) and was more likely to have undergone physical therapy/occupational therapy (68.2 vs. 53.4%, p = 0.005). Within the operative cohort (PS = 37, ES = 29), PS patients were more likely to be White (91.9 vs. 69.0%, p = 0.043) and have lower BMI (32 vs. 42.7 kg/m2, p = 0.007). PS patients were diagnosed for a longer period (8 vs. 3 years, p = 0.03) before seeing a plastic surgeon, more commonly had upper extremity lymphedema (43.2 vs. 13.8%, p = 0.016) and presented at an earlier lymphedema stage (stage 1 64.9 vs. 27.6%, p = 0.002). PS patients were more likely to have prior radiation (56.8 vs. 20.7%, p = 0.005), previous surgery (75.5 vs. 48.3%, p = 0.038), and prior lymphatic intervention (67.6 vs. 17.2%, p < 0.001) near the affected area.

Conclusion Defining patient characteristics associated with surgical intervention for lymphedema can aid surgeons to increase the proportion of patients seen in clinic who are surgical candidates. Factors relating to oncological and surgical history in the affected area may suggest a patient is more likely to undergo PS.
A Solvent-Free 2-Chloro-1-methylpyridinium Iodide (CMPI)-Mediated Biginelli Reaction for the Construction of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/thiones
Authors: Kumar Ashish , Pandey Shashi , Gupta Monika , Rajput Chatrasal S.
Published: December 2024

The Biginelli product dihydropyrimidinones (DHPMs) and their derivatives have enormous biological significance. This article describes the exploration of 2-chloro-1-methylpyridinium iodide (CMPI) reagent for the development of an environmentally safe, solvent-free protocol to construct the functionalized 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/thiones. The protocol involves the three-component condensation reaction of β-keto ester, aldehyde, and urea or thiourea at elevated temperature. The key advantages of the protocol are its capacity to provide both environmental and economic benefits owing to its solvent-free conditions, short reaction times, simple workup, and good to excellent isolated yield of DHPMs.
Aggregation-Induced Electrochemical Boronation–Dihydroxylation of Alkenes
Authors: Cheng Xu , Li Mengfan , Pu Tengfei
Published: December 2024

Electrochemical organic synthesis is typically conducted in a homogenous solution to facilitate mass transfer at the electrode. Therefore, aggregation is unfavorable and unexplored in electrochemical organic synthesis. In this report, we demonstrate the aggregation-induced boronation–dihydroxylation reaction of alkenes with boronic acids in full water media. The alkene aggregates at the lipophilic anode with the surface tension of water as the driving force, shielding boronic acid away from the anode. In this well-defined diffusion model, the boronation–dihydroxylation reaction occurs with high conversion, providing unique chemoselectivity.
Effect of Apical Preparation Size and Preparation Taper on Smear Layer Removal Using Two Different Irrigation Needles: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study
Authors: Lebbos Rania , Kharouf Naji , Mehta Deepak , Jabr Jamal , Kamel Cynthia , El Hachem Roula , Haikel Youssef , Kaloustian Marc Krikor
Published: December 2024

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the effect of apical preparation size and preparation taper on smear layer removal using a metallic needle and a new polymer needle (IrriFlex, Produits Dentaires SA “PD,” Vevey, Switzerland).

Materials and Methods One hundred and eight single-rooted teeth with one canal were randomly divided into four groups according to the preparation and irrigation needle used: G1—30, 0.04 and IrriFlex (n = 25); G2—25, 0.06 and IrriFlex (n = 25); G3–30, 0.04 and metallic needle (n = 25); and G4—25, 0.06 and metallic needle (n = 25). All groups received the same final irrigation protocol and sonic activation. Each tooth was sectioned and observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Statistical Analysis Data were statistically analyzed by using one-way and two-way analysis of variance on ranks with a significance level at p = 0.05.

Results For all groups, there was significantly higher smear layer in the apical third (p < 0.001) compared with the coronal and middle thirds. The 25, 0.06 preparation demonstrated better cleaning efficiency than the 30, 0.04 preparation throughout the canal when irrigated with a metallic needle; however, there were no significant differences in the middle and apical thirds when IrriFlex was used. There were also no differences of smear layer removal between G1 and G3 and G2 and G4 in the coronal part. In the middle and apical parts, G1 showed better elimination of smear layer compared with G3. There were slight differences in the middle third between G2 and G4, while G2 showed less cleaning efficiency compared with G4 in the apical third (p = 0.022).

Conclusion All groups showed less smear layer in the middle and coronal thirds of the canal compared with the apical third. The 25, 0.06 preparation was more effective in removing smear layer compared with the 30, 0.04 preparation. IrriFlex improved irrigation in the 30, 0.04 preparation, while its efficacy was less evident in the 25, 0.06 preparation.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Prevalence of Dental Caries in the Permanent Teeth of Arab Children
Authors: Abutayyem Huda , Alam Mohammad Khursheed , Al Shayeb Maher , Hashim Raghad
Published: December 2024

Despite the global prevalence of dental caries, there is a paucity of comprehensive data on the extent of this issue among children in the Arab region. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the prevalence of dental caries and the associated Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) indices in permanent teeth among children from 4 to under 18 years of age in the Arab region. A comprehensive review of various studies was conducted. Studies were searched across eight different electronic databases in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol. The random effects (RE) model was used for analysis, allowing variation in effect sizes across studies.The RE model suggested a high caries prevalence rate of 72.62% (with a 95% confidence interval of 65.3%–78.89%), suggesting a large burden of dental caries in this population pertaining to permanent teeth. The I
2 score was 99.0%, showing high heterogeneity among the investigations. The mean DMFT score was found to be 1.675 (with a 95% confidence interval of 0.5519–2.7980), indicating of substantial dental health concerns. Surprisingly, the I
2 value for DMFT scores was 0.0%, demonstrating no detected heterogeneity among the trials. The study highlights a high prevalence of dental caries and significant DMFT scores among children in the Arab region, signaling an urgent public health concern. The lack of heterogeneity in DMFT scores across studies, despite high caries prevalence, suggests potential limitations in the DMFT indices' ability to capture the full severity of dental caries. Further research is needed to refine these tools and fully understand the burden of dental caries in this population.
Assessment of Craniofacial Growth Pattern Relative to Respiratory Mandibular Movement and Sleep Characteristics: A Pilot Study
Authors: Al-Awami Sukaynah , Tanberg William , Monegro Alberto , Covell Jr David , Martinot Jean-Benoit , Al-Jewair Thikriat
Published: December 2024

Objectives The primary objective was to evaluate the influence of sagittal skeletal pattern on mandibular movement (MM) during sleep in growing orthodontic populations. The secondary objective was to compare MM according to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) status.

Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study included subjects between 6 and 17 years old, presenting with class I, II, and III skeletal patterns and no previous history of orthodontic treatment. A wireless sensor connected to the patient's chin before bedtime and removed the next day was used to record MM signals. The signals were analyzed using a machine learning algorithm to measure sleep and MM outcomes. MM variables included percentage change in waveform prominence (%), variance in peak prominence, mean prominence values, length of events (seconds), respiratory rate per minute, dominant frequency, and amplitude of dominant frequency. The obstructive respiratory disturbance index determined from the sensor was used to confirm OSA status.

Results There was no statistically significant difference in MM variables between class I, II, and III subjects. When compared according to OSA status, the amplitude of dominant frequency was significantly higher in the OSA than the non-OSA group (p = 0.005). When evaluated according to both skeletal classification and OSA status, the class I OSA subjects showed a higher median value than the non-OSA class I group (p = 0.016).

Conclusion Within the limits of this study, the sagittal skeletal pattern had no effect on the respiratory MM. This study did not find a correlation between craniofacial pattern and MM and OSA.
Persistent Generalized Lymphadenopathy: A Diagnostic Conundrum—Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Mundra Mahin , Sreenivasan Vaishnavi , Swami Nisha , Kaur Kawaldeep , Rishi Bhavika , Misra Aroonima , Mehndiratta Sumit , Singh Amitabh
Published: December 2024

Generalized lymphadenopathy is a nonspecific sign with heterogenous etiology including infective, inflammatory, and malignant causes. We present the case of a child who presented with generalized lymphadenopathy, involving the cervical, axillary, mediastinal, and inguinal groups, along with recurring fever, tonsillar enlargement, and parotid swelling for 2 years. She had coexisting undernutrition and hepatosplenomegaly on examination. After ruling out common infective causes like tuberculosis, autoimmune and neoplastic conditions were considered. The diagnosis was made by histopathology of the axillary node biopsy, which revealed characteristic features of Rosai–Dorfman disease (RDD). She was started on oral steroids but was lost to follow-up after 6 months. We report this case to emphasize that RDD, a subtype of non-Langerhans histiocytosis, should be considered as a differential in young patients with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy.
Denture Care Behavior and Lifespan of Removable Partial Dentures in Indonesian Military Personnel: An Approach Using the Theory of Planned Behavior
Authors: Handayani Nining , Budiarto Arief , Rachman Arif , Setiawan Arlette Suzy
Published: December 2024

Objectives In the context of military health, removable partial acrylic dentures (RPADs) are crucial for the quality of life and performance of Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) soldiers. Given the demanding and unpredictable military environment, RPADs provide a solution for soldiers experiencing tooth loss. This research aims to identify behavioral factors influencing the lifespan of RPADs among TNI soldiers.

Materials and Methods This study employed an observational cross-sectional design with an analytical approach. The study population consisted of all patients fitted with RPADs at Ladokgi RE Martadinata from 2017 to 2019. The inclusion criteria included TNI soldiers using good functionality RPADs from 2017 to 2019. Data were collected through a valid questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha = 0.738) and analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation and multiple linear regression.

Results In total, 46 respondents (84.8% males, aged 50–59 years) participated in this study. The average behavioral score was 153.72, with a standard deviation of 1.13. The average lifespan of RPADs was 5.33 years. The correlation analysis showed a moderate positive correlation between behavioral scores and RPAD lifespan (r = 0.463, p = 0.001). Multiple regression analysis indicated a significant association between behavioral scores and RPAD lifespan, with a coefficient B-value of 0.259 (p = 0.012).

Conclusion Good RPAD maintenance behavior correlates with a longer RPAD lifespan. Socialization programs and instructions for RPAD care need enhancement to ensure optimal quality of life and performance among TNI soldiers.
Scaling law for pinning forces in the superconducting compound Nb3Ge prepared by chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Fröhlich K. , Melišek T. , Černuško V.
Published: December 2024

Using strip samples of the intermetallic compound Nb3Ge, we have measured the pinning force Fp as a function of the temperature and the magnetic field. These functions are shown to obey the law of corresponding states that stems from Kramer’s theory. The upper critical magnetic field Bc2 and the constant characterizing the density of pinning centers are evaluated on the basis of the scaling law.
Nonlinear relaxation waves in ordered media
Authors: Nechiporenko I. N.
Published: December 2024

The symmetric and nonsymmetric solutions for three-dimensional nonlinear waves in ordered media, following from the Landau–Khalatnikov equations for the relaxation of the order parameter, are found. It is shown that two of the three types of nonlinear waves are structurally stable, and the third type is unstable. The constants in the Landau–Khalatnikov equations are evaluated from the solutions of the kinetic equations for the distribution functions of the magnons and phonons with strong magnon–phonon interaction in the isothermal and nonisothermal cases. The effect of temperature fields in crystals accompanying the nonlinear waves on the dynamics of the nonlinear waves is studied. Criteria for the dynamical instabiity of the nonlinear waves are found.
Magnon bubbles: a new type of three-dimensional magnetic soliton
Authors: Zhmudskii A. A. , Ivanov B. A.
Published: December 2024

Three-dimensional magnetic solitons are studied, for whose existence, unlike the well-known solitons of the “magon drop” type, the density of magons in the soliton need not be finite.
Hydrostatic-pressure induced phase transition of the Morin type in a rhombic antiferromagnet
Authors: Bogdanov A. N. , Puzynya A. I. , Telepa V. T. , Shatskii P. P.
Published: December 2024

A Morin type phase transition was found in the rhombic antiferromagnet (C2H5NH3)2CuC14 in the pressure range P = 6−7 kbar (at T = 5.2 K): for P < 6 bar the collinear state is the ground state, while for P > 7 kbar the weakly ferromagnetic state is the ground state.
Boundary conditions for nonequilibrium superconductors
Authors: Elesin V. F. , Kashurnikov V. A. , Kharlamov A. V.
Published: December 2024

Boundary conditions are derived for the Ginzburg–Landau type of equation in the case of a nonequilibrium quasiparticle distribution function. It is shown that the constant in the boundary conditions for a superconductor–normal metal contact can be expressed explicitly in terms of the distribution function and its integrals. This results in a dependence on the external pump power, phonon reabsorption, and other factors.
“Collisionless” magnetoacoustic resonance in metals
Authors: Slutskin A. A. , Sharshanov A. Ya.
Published: December 2024

It is shown that the transformation of magnetoacoustic resonance (MAR) on open periodic paths as a result of a deviation of the magnetic field H by a small angle θ from the plane perpendicular to the direction of opening produces a new phenomenon: “collisionless” MAR, where the height of the peaks of the sound absorption coefficient Γ does not depend on the relaxation time, but exceeds the characteristic values of the Landau collisionless absorption. Moreover, the structure of the MAR peaks changes abruptly; Γ has an oscillating dependence on θ and H in the vincinity of the peaks.
Quantum theory of activated motion of dislocations in the Peierls relief
Authors: Petukhov B. V.
Published: December 2024

A quantum theory that takes dissipation into account is developed for activated nucleation of kinks at near-Peierls stresses. The quantum renormalization of the classical activation energy resulting from the contribution of all degrees of freedom of the discolation string is calculated. The temperature range in which quantum effects appear is determined and the dependence of dislocation motion on the viscosity is calculated. The temperature range in which quantum effects appear is determined and the dependence of dislocation motion on the viscosity is shown to become more pronounced in this range.
Temperature dependence of H
c2 of cold-deposited indium films
Authors: Semenenko E. E. , Tutov V. I.
Published: December 2024

The temperature dependence Hc2(T) of thin (18−200 Å) indium films freshly deposited on a cold substrate has been studied for the first time. It was found that the power law index n = {Hc2(0)[l−(T / Tc)n]} is not the same for films of different thickness. For films with thickness greater than 150 Å, n = 1. On reducing the thickness down to 60 Å, n grows from 1 to 2.6, and on further reducing the thickness the value of n falls and is 1.7 for films of thickness 18 Å. The conclusion is drawn that films thicker than 150 Å have a homogeneous, relatively little distorted structure. The thinnest films studied are formed in the most distorted, close to uniform state, while in the intermediate range of thicknesses the film is in a state with a collection of inhomogeneous distortions, and their state is determined by the mechanism for the formation of the low-temperature condensates. The Hc2(T) relation is a more sensitive indicator of the non-uniformity of the specimens than are resistance curves for the transition into the superconducting state.
The plasticity, internal friction and their alteration at the superconducting transition for lead–thallium alloys
Authors: Pal’-Val’ L. N. , Shepel’ I. A. , Platkov V. Ya. , Pustovalov V. V.
Published: December 2024

An investigation has been carried out of the features of the macro and microplasticity of single crystals of lead with thallium impurity, and their change at the n−s transition, in the concentration range from 3 · 10−5 to 3 · 10−2. A correlation was found between the results on the influence of impurity on the change at the n−s transition, both of the flow stress (in active deformation experiments) and of the stress amplitude corresponding to a constant value of the amplitude-dependent part of the attenuation coefficient (in internal friction experiments). This enabled a single power law to be established for this influence over the concentration range studied.
Instability of motion of relativistic charged particles in non-uniform stationary electromagnetic fields
Authors: Kabin K.
Published: December 2024

It is well established that a sufficiently large gradient of the electric field causes instability of the motion of charged particles in mutually perpendicular electric and magnetic fields. This instability leads to an effective energization of the particles by electrostatic electric fields. The minimum value of the electric field gradient required for this instability to occur for non-relativistic particles depends on the strength of the magnetic field but is independent of both the particle velocity and the local electric field strength. This paper describes an instability caused by non-uniformity of the electric field for relativistic particles and demonstrates that its threshold in the relativistic case depends, in addition to the magnetic field intensity, on the speed of the particle and the local strength of the electric field. Larger particle speeds and larger electric fields reduce the gradient of the electric field required to make the particle motion unstable.
Discharge mode transition in partially magnetized E × B Penning discharge
Authors: Lee Minkeun , Chung Kyoung-Jae , Hara Kentaro , Kim June Young
Published: December 2024

We investigate the discharge mode transition accompanied by a change in the global “discharge current oscillation” and the “azimuthally rotating spoke” in an E × B Penning discharge. It is observed in the experiments that large-scale (m=2, where m is the azimuthal mode number) azimuthally rotating spokes and discharge current oscillations occur simultaneously at low discharge voltages. With increasing discharge voltages, stabilization of discharge current oscillation is found to be correlated with attenuation of large-scale (m=2) rotating spokes and appearance of small-scale (m=3) rotating spokes. Simultaneous measurements at a discharge voltage where spokes with different m coexist show that the energies of large-scale (m=2) and small-scale (m=3) spokes vary periodically and are strongly correlated with discharge current oscillation. Furthermore, we present a global model to identify the mechanism of discharge current oscillation in the Penning discharge. Linear perturbation analysis of the global model suggests that the discharge current oscillations can be induced by the enhanced cross field electron transport, which is consistent with experimental observations.
Robust estimation method for raw observations from laser tracker
Authors: Ma Yixin , Zhou Weihu , Zhang Zili , Dong Dengfeng , Shen Xiaoyan , Meng Fanchang , Li Yang , Wang Shan
Published: December 2024

The triangulateration network adjustment method is a fundamental algorithm for constructing a measurement system composed of multiple laser trackers. This method is based on a prior-weight-matrix model considering varied accuracies of angle and distance observations from laser trackers, which can successfully reduce the influence of angle errors on the adjustment results. However, the precision of the measurement system based on the triangulateration network adjustment method is considerably reduced when gross errors are present in the observations using the least squares principle. This paper proposes a robust estimation method using raw observation data with different prior precision from laser trackers. First, the standard deviation of unit weight for each type of raw observation data is computed separately using the median function. Then, the raw observation data are reweighted using the Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics III (IGG3) equivalent weight function. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method achieves higher precision compared to the traditional robust estimation method when the observations contain data with different units and prior precisions.
Theoretical and numerical simulation study on heat and mass transfer mechanism of GM refrigerator cryopump
Authors: Lang Jiaqi , Zhang Xiuping , Wang Rujin
Published: December 2024

The cryopump relies on the cryocondensation mechanism to create a clean, high-vacuum environment. Studying the heat and mass transfer mechanism and enhancing the performance of the cryopump are important because its heat and mass transfer performance directly affects the quality of the vacuum environment. This study proposes a systematic method for analyzing the mechanism influencing spatial changes, particle motion characteristics, and heat and mass transfer. This study identifies the key factors affecting the heat and mass transfer and investigates the influence of various factors in the vacuum chamber, liquid-nitrogen cooling area, and liquid-helium cooling area on the mass transfer performance. Next, the main source of heat load and the influence of spatial layout on the heat load are determined and a method for reducing the heat load is introduced. A cryopump designed based on these conclusions delivered a 33% higher pumping speed, a 35% shorter cooling time, and a better vacuum performance than the traditional cryopump in a simulation analysis. This study can provide guidance for the development of advanced cryopumps and instruct the design and operation of cryovacuum systems.
Direct observation of magnetic Barkhausen noise around grain boundaries with high-spatial-resolution magnetic Barkhausen noise sensor
Authors: Zhipeng Qiang , Peng Li , Bin Wu , Nan Wang , Yujue Wang , Guangyong Li , Xiucheng Liu
Published: December 2024

Magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) is a useful signal for non-destructively characterizing various properties of ferromagnetic materials. It is suggested that MBN is mainly generated at grain boundaries because there are more pinning sites around grain boundaries. However, direct experimental proof is difficult because of the lack of high-spatial-resolution MBN sensor. This study focuses on examining MBN around grain boundaries using a custom-made high-spatial-resolution MBN sensor. Firstly, the magnetic domains and grain structure of an electrical steel were obtained using a magneto-optical Kerr effect microscope. Then, MBN signals inside grains and around grain boundaries were measured using the high-spatial-resolution MBN sensor. The experimental results reveal that MBN signals are more evident around grain boundaries, 32.5%–435.7% larger than that in the grain interior. Based on the experimental measurement, two-dimensional MBN mapping of the area containing grain boundaries was carried out, enabling the identification of the location of grain boundaries in millimeter-scale grains.
An uncertainty-aware deep learning ensemble approach for effective cutting tool predictive maintenance decision-making
Authors: Wang Yue , Wang Ganlong , Wu Yanxia , Zhang Guoyin , Wu Maopu
Published: December 2024

As the manufacturing sector increasingly emphasizes production efficiency and product quality, predicting cutting tool remaining useful life (RUL) and conducting failure analysis become essential for ensuring continuity and reducing costs. However, the uncertainties in the tool wear process complicate accurate predictions and decision-making. This paper introduces a predictive maintenance decision-making approach using an ensemble model of convolutional neural network and bidirectional long short-term memory quantile regression (CNN-BiLSTMQR), enhanced by an attention mechanism and kernel density estimation (KDE). Firstly, signals related to tool wear are collected from various sensors, and a CNN captures spatial features and local patterns in the data. These features are then input into a BiLSTM network, which integrates a temporal attention mechanism and QR to predict RULs at multiple quantiles. Subsequently, KDE generates the probability density distribution of the tool RULs. Finally, the costs and time associated with maintenance decisions are assessed to derive cost functions for tool replacement and ordering. By minimizing the two functions, the optimal timing for tool replacement and spare parts procurement is identified. Validation with a publicly available tool wear prediction dataset demonstrates that the proposed method effectively reduces maintenance costs while ensuring the safe and reliable operation of tools.
A flexible and effective calibration method for fiber viewing camera in multi-object fiber-fed telescope
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Chen Guifeng , Gu Yonggang , Zhai Chao
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The positioning accuracy of the robotic fiber positioners (RFPs) is a crucial issue because incorrect fiber position can significantly affect the spectral quality. The fiber viewing camera is implemented to guide the fiber positioning. However, the current camera calibration methods are inconvenient for the narrow space of the telescope. To solve this problem, a flexible separated calibration method is proposed in this study. Firstly, the initial calibration is completed by traditional Zhang’s method. Secondly, multiple small planar targets (SPTs) are placed on the focal plane to form a spliced large target (SLT) to calibrate the lens aberrations. Then, the home position of the RFPs is used as a variable control point to calibrate the extrinsic parameters. Furthermore, an improved weighted multiple harmonic (WMH) method is proposed to obtain accurate centroids of the deformed light spot. A prototype fiber position detection system is constructed in the laboratory. Physical experiments verify the effectiveness and flexibility of the proposed method, which has practical engineering significance.
Cross-alignment of silver nanowires network for efficient nanowelding
Authors: Wang Chao , Song Bo , Zhai Xin , Zhang Che , Du Mengyang , Miao Yanqin , Dong Peng
Published: December 2024

The performance of silver nanowire (AgNW) network flexible transparent electrodes is limited by large contact resistance, making it necessary to perform nanowelding to improve conductivity of the network. However, not all nanowire junctions can be welded. Our work indicates that the welding kinetics between nanowires depend on the crossing angle, with higher surface diffusion velocity prone to welding and fracture at nanowire junctions of crossing angles close to 90 degrees. The impact of nanowire crossing angles on the welding process makes it difficult to achieve simultaneous welding of random AgNWs networks. To address this issue, we adopted an improved Meyer rod coating method to prepared a cross-aligned nanowire network based on a layer-by-layer assembly strategy. Compared to randomly distributed AgNWs networks (11.17 Ω sq−1, 85.2%), the cross-aligned AgNWs network achieved simultaneous welding of nanowire junctions during thermal annealing, further enhancing the optoelectronic performance (10.8 Ω sq−1, 90.3%) of the AgNWs network, resulting in a superior figure of merit value of 421.
Effect of MoS2 layers on the performance of FET-based biosensors: a comprehensive study
Authors: Datar Rishikesh , Bacher Gautam
Published: December 2024

MoS2-based transistors have attracted significant attention in several sensing applications owing to their ultra-thin structure and high mobility. In this work, the performance of MoS2 field-effect transistor-based biosensors (BioFETs) was systematically analysed with device-level modelling, considering different biomolecules such as uricase, streptavidin, cholesterol oxidase (ChOx), and aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). The BioFETs were modelled utilizing appropriate physics related to the site-binding principle, the surface charge density of biomolecules, and the transport of diluted species in electrolytes. First, MoS2-based field-effect transistors with different top-oxide materials were evaluated for pH sensing, where HfO2 provided a near-Nernstian voltage sensitivity of 58.88 mV pH−1. Additionally, a MoS2-based BioFET model was developed with biomolecules on top of the HfO2 surface and analysis was carried out for single- and double-gated (DG) configurations. BioFET performance was evaluated based on drain-to-source current, subthreshold swing,

I

ON

/

I

OFF

, and voltage sensitivities. The effect of the MoS2 layers on the performance of the BioFET was analysed. For the monolayer MoS2-based BioFET, a maximum top-gate voltage sensitivity (

S

TV

) of 129.95% and a bottom-gate voltage sensitivity (

S

BV

) of 254.55% were obtained for APTES. However, the performance of a quadlayer MoS2-based BioFET in a DG configuration (

S

BV

of 221.69% for APTES) was comparable to that of a monolayer MoS2-based BioFET. Overall, this work highlights the significant role of MoS2 layers and gate configurations for BioFET performance in sensing applications.
Gravitational quasi-normal modes of charged spherically symmetric black holes surrounded by quintessence fluid in Rastall gravity
Authors: Wang Tongzheng , Cui Yuhao , Lin Kai
Published: December 2024

In this article, we apply the WKB approximation method, matrix method, and finite difference method to study the gravitational quasi-normal modes of charged spherically symmetric black holes surrounded by quintessence fluid in Rastall gravity. By comparing the spherically symmetric spacetime metric of charged black holes surrounded by quintessence fluid in Rastall gravity with that of general relativity, we can find that the modifications to general relativity in this modified gravity theory can be described by parameters such as λ, Q, and Ca
, etc. In four-dimensional spacetime, we investigate the impact of charge Q and parameter Ca
on the gravitational quasi-normal modes of charged black holes surrounded by quintessence field in Rastall gravity. The aim is to search for observational evidence of such black holes in astrophysical observations and, consequently, test the validity of Rastall theory. In five-dimensional spacetime, we study the impact of the parameter Ca
on the gravitational quasi-normal modes of Rastall black holes surrounded by quintessence field and summarize the corresponding variation patterns.