bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simplified Graded Baseline Symptom Assessment in Patients With Lung Cancer Undergoing First-Line Chemotherapy: Correlations and Prognostic Role in a Resource-Constrained Setting
Authors: Singh Potsangbam Sarat , Aggarwal Ashutosh Nath , Behera Digambar , Kapoor Rakesh , Singh Navneet
Published: May 2016

Purpose

There are limited data from developing countries on graded baseline symptom (BS) assessment in lung cancer. This prospective study aimed to assess the prognostic role of BS and correlation of BS with comorbidity, demographic, and investigation profiles in a cohort of 238 patients with lung cancer undergoing first-line chemotherapy over a 15-month period.

Methods

The Medical Research Council (MRC) scale was used to assess dyspnea, whereas the visual analog scale (VAS; score of 1 to 10) was used to assess anorexia, fatigue, chest pain, and cough. Weight loss (WL) was noted as percentage of pre-illness baseline. All patients received histology-guided platinum doublet chemotherapy. Outcomes assessed were overall survival (OS) and radiologic responses by RECIST.

Results

Significant correlations (Spearman ρ) were noted for fatigue and anorexia with all other BSs. Dyspnea differed significantly among groups on the basis of either the simplified comorbidity score or Charlson comorbidity index. Median OS was 287 days (95% CI, 232 to 342 days). OS was significantly higher for anorexia VAS score less than 4 (388 v 229 days for VAS score ≥ 4), fatigue VAS score less than 3 (388 v 213 days for VAS score ≥ 3), WL less than 5% (410 v 259 days for WL ≥ 5%), and MRC dyspnea grade less than 3 (377 v 187 days for MRC grade ≥ 3). On univariable Cox proportional hazards analysis, worse OS was noted for all BSs, stage, and performance status, but on multivariable analysis, only fatigue (hazard ratio [HR], 1.21), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≥ 2 (HR, 1.57), and stage IV disease (HR, 1.61) were significant. Nonresponders (stable disease and progressive disease [PD]) had a higher percentage of WL and higher mean VAS scores for cough, chest pain, anorexia, and fatigue. On multivariable logistic regression analysis, PD was associated with fatigue and percentage of WL.

Conclusion

BSs are prognostic for patients with lung cancer on first-line chemotherapy. Fatigue is prognostic for worse OS and PD. Comorbidity and investigation profiles do not correlate with either OS or response rates.
Neuraxial Anesthesia in Parturients with Low Platelet Counts
Authors: Bernstein Jeffrey , Hua Betty , Kahana Madelyn , Shaparin Naum , Yu Simon , Davila-Velazquez Juan
Published: May 2016

The obstetric anesthesiologist must consider the risk of spinal–epidural hematoma in patients with thrombocytopenia when choosing to provide neuraxial anesthesia. There are little data exploring this complication in the parturient. In this single-center retrospective study of 20,244 obstetric patients, the incidence of peripartum thrombocytopenia (platelet count <100,000/mm3) was 1.8% (368 patients). Of these patients, 69% (256) received neuraxial anesthesia. No neuraxial hematoma occurred in any of our patients. The upper 95% confidence limit for spinal–epidural hematoma in patients who received neuraxial anesthesia with a platelet count of <100,000/mm3 was 1.2%.
The Influence of Arm Positioning on Ultrasonic Visualization of the Subclavian Vein: An Anatomical Ultrasound Study in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Sadek Meriem , Roger Claire , Bastide Sophie , Jeannes Pascal , Solecki Kamila , de Jong Audrey , Buzançais Gautier , Elotmani Loubna , Ripart Jacques , Lefrant Jean Yves , Bobbia Xavier , Muller Laurent
Published: May 2016

We hypothesized that placing the arm in 90° abduction, through 90° flexion and 90° external rotation, could improve ultrasound visualization of the subclavian vein. In 49 healthy volunteers, a single operator performed a view of the subclavian vein in neutral position and abduction position. A second blinded operator measured the cross-sectional area of the subclavian vein. Abduction position increased the cross-sectional area of the subclavian vein from 124 ± 46 (mean ± SD) to 162 ± 58 mm2 (P = 0.001). An increase of the cross-sectional area of ≥50% was observed in 41% volunteers (95% confidence interval, 27%–56%, n = 20); this technique offers an alternative approach (maybe safer) for ultrasound-guided catheterization of the subclavian vein.
John F. Muth and the Creation of Rational Expectations: Amendments, Corrections, and Extensions
Authors: McCallum Bennett T.
Published: May 2016

This brief article corrects or refines a few details about the work and career of John F. Muth and his involvement in the creation of rational expectations.
Disruptive Change in the Taxi Business: The Case of Uber
Authors: Cramer Judd , Krueger Alan B.
Published: May 2016

In most cities, the taxi industry is highly regulated and has restricted entry. Ride sharing services, such as Uber and Lyft, which use mobile internet technology to connect passengers and drivers, have begun to compete with traditional taxis. This paper examines the efficiency of ride sharing services vis-a-vis taxis. In most cities with data available, UberX drivers spend a significantly higher fraction of their time, and drive a substantially higher share of miles, with a passenger in their car than do taxi drivers. Reasons for this efficiency advantage are explored.
Dealing with Long-Term Deficits
Authors: Feldstein Martin
Published: May 2016

The United States faces a rising future ratio of debt to GDP that, if allowed to continue, would have serious adverse consequences for the American economy. Fortunately, policy changes can increase the size of the future GDP and shrink the future budget deficits. Relatively small reductions in future annual deficits could reverse the increasing ratio of national debt to GDP. Those annual deficit reductions could be best achieved by slowing the growth of Social Security and Medicare and by raising revenue by limiting tax expenditures or increasing the tax on gasoline.
Determinants of Callbacks to Job Applications: An Audit Study
Authors: Farber Henry S. , Silverman Dan , von Wachter Till
Published: May 2016

We summarize findings from an audit study investigating how unemployment duration, age, and holding a low-level “interim” job affect the likelihood that experienced college-educated females applying for administrative support jobs receive a callback from potential employers. The results show no relationship between callback rates and unemployment duration. In contrast, workers age 50 and older and workers with an “interim” job are significantly less likely to receive callbacks. We also summarize disparate findings in the growing literature of resume-based audit studies of career histories, and discuss avenues in which the literature could achieve results that are more comparable and externally valid.
Gender Diversity on Corporate Boards: Do Women Contribute Unique Skills?
Authors: Kim Daehyun , Starks Laura T.
Published: May 2016

We show that gender diversity in corporate boards could improve firm value because of the contributions that women make to the board. Prior studies examine valuation effects of gender-diverse boards and reach mixed conclusions. To help resolve this conundrum, we consider how gender diversity could affect firm value, that is, what mechanisms could explain how female directors benefit corporate board performance. We hypothesize and provide evidence that women directors contribute to boards by offering specific functional expertise, often missing from corporate boards. The additional expertise increases board heterogeneity which Kim and Starks (2015) show can increase firm value.
The Role of Bequests in Shaping Wealth Inequality: Evidence from Danish Wealth Records
Authors: Boserup Simon H. , Kopczuk Wojciech , Kreiner Claus T.
Published: May 2016

Using Danish administrative data, we estimate the impact of bequests on the level and inequality of wealth. We compare the distributions of wealth over time of people whose parent died and those whose parent did not. Bequests account for 26 percent of the average post-bequest wealth 1-3 years after parental death and significantly affect wealth throughout the distribution. Bequests increase absolute wealth inequality (variance of the distribution censored at the top/bottom 1% increases by 33 percent), but reduce relative inequality (the top 1% share declines by 6 percentage points from the base of 31 percent).
A Rothschild-Stiglitz Approach to Bayesian Persuasion
Authors: Gentzkow Matthew , Kamenica Emir
Published: May 2016

Rothschild and Stiglitz (1970) represent random variables as convex functions (integrals of the cumulative distribution function). Combining this representation with Blackwell's Theorem (1953), we characterize distributions of posterior means that can be induced by a signal. This characterization provides a novel way to analyze a class of Bayesian persuasion problems.
Wage Posting and Business Cycles
Authors: Moscarini Giuseppe , Postel-Vinay Fabien
Published: May 2016

The canonical model of job search and wage posting (Burdett and Mortensen, 1998) establishes a natural connection between the average wage growth in the economy and the pace of Employer-to-Employer (EE) transitions, predicting wage growth to be positively related to the pace of EE reallocation for all workers, but especially for stayers. We verify this empirically both with aggregate time series and with longitudinal micro data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). We argue that monetary authorities concerned with inflationary wage pressure should pay more attention directly to EE reallocation and less to the unemployment rate.
Firm Entry and Macroeconomic Dynamics: A State-Level Analysis
Authors: Gourio François , Messer Todd , Siemer Michael
Published: May 2016

Using an annual panel of US states over the period 1982-2014, we estimate the response of macroeconomic variables to a shock to the number of new firms (startups). We find that these shocks have significant effects that persist for many years on real GDP, productivity, and population. This is consistent with simple models of firm dynamics where a “missing generation” of firms affects productivity persistently.
The Economic Impact of Syrian Refugees on Host Countries: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Turkey
Authors: Tumen Semih
Published: May 2016

The Syrian Conflict generated forced immigration from northern Syria to southeastern Turkey. Arrival of refugees resembles a natural experiment, which offers good opportunities to study the economic impact of immigration. I study three main outcomes: labor markets, consumer prices, and housing rents. I document moderate employment losses among native informal workers, which suggests that they are partly substituted by refugees. Prices of the items produced in informal labor intensive sectors declined due to labor cost advantages generated by refugee inflows. Finally, refugee inflows increased the rents of higher quality housing units, while there is no effect on lower quality units.
Popular Attitudes toward Markets and Democracy: Russia and United States Compared 25 Years Later
Authors: Boycko Maxim , Shiller Robert J.
Published: May 2016

We repeat a survey we did in the waning days of the Soviet Union (Shiller, Boycko and Korobov, AER 1991) comparing attitudes towards free markets between Moscow and New York. Additional survey questions, from Gibson Duch and Tedin (J. Politics 1992) are added to compare attitudes towards democracy. Two comparisons are made: between countries, and through time, to explore the existence of international differences in allegiance to democratic free-market institutions, and the stability of these differences.
A Century of Growth and Improvement
Authors: Friedman Benjamin M.
Published: May 2016

The fact that actual economic advance over time normally means producing and consuming different things is usually left implicit in modern models of economic growth. By contrast, qualitative change--new goods and services, and better versions of what already existed--is central to Robert Gordon's history of the improvement of American living standards since 1870. A major contribution of his fine-grained account of this experience is to make clear what this improvement has meant, and why it has mattered to ordinary citizens.
Sooner or Later: Timing of Monetary Policy with Heterogeneous Risk-Taking
Authors: Choi Dong Beom , Eisenbach Thomas M. , Yorulmazer Tanju
Published: May 2016

We analyze the effects and interactions of monetary policy tools that differ in terms of their timing and their targeting. In a model with heterogeneous agents, more productive agents endogenously expose themselves to higher interim liquidity risk by borrowing and investing more. Two inefficiencies impair the transmission of monetary policy: an investment- and a hoarding inefficiency. Heterogeneous agents respond disparately to ex-ante, conventional and ex-post, unconventional monetary policy. However, we show that the two policies are equivalent due to the endogeneity of hoarding. In contrast, targeted interventions such as discount-window lending can alleviate both inefficiencies at the same time.
A Lost Generation? Education Decisions and Employment Outcomes during the US Housing Boom-Bust Cycle of the 2000s
Authors: Laeven Luc , Popov Alexander
Published: May 2016

We exploit regional variations in U.S. house price fluctuations during the boom-bust cycle of the 2000s to study the impact of the housing cycle on young Americans' choices related to education and employment. We find that in MSAs which experienced large increases in house prices between 2001 and 2006, young adults were substantially more likely to forego a higher education and join the workforce, lowering skill formation. During the bust years, the young, especially those without higher education, were more likely to be unemployed in areas which experienced higher declines in house prices.
Bank Leverage and Social Welfare
Authors: Christiano Lawrence , Ikeda Daisuke
Published: May 2016

We describe a general equilibrium model in which an agency problem arises because bankers must exert an unobserved and costly effort to perform their task. Suppose aggregate banker net worth is too low to insulate creditors from bad outcomes on their balance sheet. Then, banks borrow too much in equilibrium because there is a pecuniary externality associated with bank borrowing. Social welfare is increased by imposing a binding leverage restriction on banks. We formalize this argument and provide a numerical example.
Patent Remedies
Authors: Shapiro Carl
Published: May 2016

Since the Supreme Court's eBay decision in 2006, the U.S. has employed a hybrid patent remedy system that mixes property and liability rules. When the patent owner and the infringer are competitors, the courts typically issue a permanent injunction requiring the infringer to cease its infringing activities. In contrast, when the patent owner and the infringer are not competitors, the courts often allow the infringer to continue its infringing activities so long as it pays specified ongoing royalties to the patent holder. This article studies the incentives for invention and for new product development in such a hybrid system.
The Ecosystem Impacts of Severe Warming
Authors: Mendelsohn Robert , Prentice Iain C. , Schmitz Oswald , Stocker Benjamin , Buchkowski Robert , Dawson Benjamin
Published: May 2016

This paper uses a quantitative dynamic ecosystem vegetation model to explore the potential impact of warming up to 9-12 degrees C on global ecosystems. The paper does not find evidence of a global collapse in terrestrial ecosystems but there is evidence of substantial changes. Temperate and tropical forests expand and replace boreal forests and forests shift to woodlands and parkland at high temperatures. Net primary productivity and standing forest biomass per hectare rise. These changes will affect dependent animal species. Further research is needed to measure the resulting benefits and damages to market and nonmarket services.
Safe Asset Scarcity and Aggregate Demand
Authors: Caballero Ricardo J. , Farhi Emmanuel , Gourinchas Pierre-Olivier
Published: May 2016

We explore the consequences of safe asset scarcity on aggregate demand in a stylized IS-LM/Mundell Fleming style environment. Acute safe asset scarcity forces the economy into a “safety trap” recession. In the open economy, safe asset scarcity spreads from one country to the other via capital flows, equalizing interest rates. Acute global safe asset scarcity forces the economy into a global safety trap. The exchange rate becomes indeterminate but plays a crucial role in both the distribution and the magnitude of output adjustment across countries. Policies that increase the net supply of safe assets somewhere are output enhancing everywhere.
What Makes US Government Bonds Safe Assets?
Authors: He Zhiguo , Krishnamurthy Arvind , Milbradt Konstantin
Published: May 2016

US government bonds are considered to be the world's safe store of value, especially during periods of economic turmoil such as the events of 2008. But what makes US government bonds “safe assets”? We highlight coordination among investors, and build a model in which two countries with heterogeneous sizes issue bonds that may be chosen as safe asset. Our model illustrates the benefit of a large absolute debt size as safe asset investors have “nowhere else to go” in equilibrium, and the large country's bonds are chosen as the safe asset. Moreover, the effect becomes stronger in crisis periods.
Molecular pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma and impact of therapeutic advances
Authors: Dhanasekaran Renumathy , Bandoh Salome , Roberts Lewis R.
Published: May 2016

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality and has an increasing incidence worldwide. HCC can be induced by multiple etiologies, is influenced by many risk factors, and has a complex pathogenesis. Furthermore, HCCs exhibit substantial heterogeneity, which compounds the difficulties in developing effective therapies against this highly lethal cancer. With advances in cancer biology and molecular and genetic profiling, a number of different mechanisms involved in the development and progression of HCC have been identified. Despite the advances in this area, the molecular pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma is still not completely understood. This review aims to elaborate our current understanding of the most relevant genetic alterations and molecular pathways involved in the development and progression of HCC, and anticipate the potential impact of future advances on therapeutic drug development.
Cell cycle regulated transcription: from yeast to cancer
Authors: McInerny Christopher J.
Published: May 2016

Recent studies have revealed exciting new functions for forkhead transcription factors in cell proliferation and development. Cell proliferation is a fundamental process controlled by multiple overlapping mechanisms, and the control of gene expression plays a major role in the orderly and timely division of cells. This occurs through transcription factors regulating the expression of groups of genes at particular phases of the cell division cycle. In this way, the encoded gene products are present when they are required. This review outlines recent advances in our understanding of this process in yeast model systems and describes how this knowledge has informed analysis in more developmentally complex eukaryotes, particularly where it is relevant to human disease.
Connecting Search Marketing to Hotel Revenue Management: Conjoint Analysis as a Methodology to Evaluate the Optimal Online Travel Agency Commission Fee
Authors: van der Rest Jean-Pierre I. , Cordella Paolo , Loosschilder Gerard , Schwartz Zvi
Published: May 2016

A growing amount of travel is booked through third-party Internet booking sites where the booking commission the hotels are charged is subject to negotiation. The fee varies, depending, among other things, on the search position a travel offering is advertised. In this paper we demonstrate how to quantify the value of the placement on the third-party search results page, and thus how to assess the appropriate placement associated fee taking the benefit of this position into account. A sample of 5,968 stated booking choices by 1,492 respondents on a fictitious online hotel booking website was analyzed using choice-based conjoint analysis. The empirical results support past observations and claims that the position of a hotel on the search page of a booking site has significant impact on the likelihood of being booked. We find, however, that this placement-based probability depends on the specific attributes of a hotel. The major contribution of this paper is the methodology we offer demonstrating how to determine the monetary value of various search results positions (listing on an online travel agent (OTA) site) for different hotel properties.
Free Drink or Free Mug? Managing Service Experience with Experiential vs. Material Complimentary Gifts
Authors: Chun HaeEun Helen , Hiang Yue Woon
Published: May 2016

In the marketplace, complimentary gifts can take the form of experiential elements (e.g., a meal) or material items (e.g., tangible objects such as a mug). We identify these free gifts as a meaningful service design choice that helps service providers innovate service. Specifically, we examine the circumstances under which experiential or material gifts are preferred and generate greater consumer satisfaction, enhancing the overall service experience. Across three experiments, we demonstrate that consumers are generally happier with experiential offerings, and they prefer (and are more satisfied with) experiential offerings on ordinary consumption occasions; experiential elements are believed to further enrich otherwise mundane experiences. However, this experiential advantage disappears for consumers on meaningful and special occasions because of a strong desire to obtain a memory cue that will help them recall the experience. Indeed, the preference for a material item holds only when the gift has the quality to serve as a salient memory marker. This research provides insight for managers to take into account consumption occasions or types of consumers (e.g., special occasions, repeat customers) to effectively design service bundles with complimentary gifts and thus better manage overall service experience.
Is Investing in Social Media Really Worth It? How Brand Actions and User Actions Influence Brand Value
Authors: Colicev Anatoli , O’Connor Peter , Vinzi Vincenzo Esposito
Published: May 2016

Although previous studies have documented a positive link between traditional media and brand performance, how social media is related to brand value has not yet been comprehensively explored. We propose a conceptual model to address this research gap, collecting a unique data set that captures information on user and brand actions on three social media platforms (Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube), word-of-mouth, and brand value for 87 brands in 17 industries. We empirically test our model with partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM). First, we test the direct effects and find that user actions on YouTube and brand actions on Facebook have a positive influence on brand value. Second, we enrich our model by including word-of-mouth as a mediator, finding that the effect of social media goes above and beyond pure word-of-mouth spread. We test for alternative models, by first accounting for sample heterogeneity and second by including brand strength as a control variable, finding that the main model results’ are indeed robust. Our study demonstrates that making use of social media positively relates to brand value, as well as validates a set of objective metrics to measure social media actions, thus advancing knowledge on social media marketing for both academics and practitioners.
Health professionals' perceptions of inappropriate use of A&E services
Authors: Chapman Beatrice , Turnbull Triece
Published: May 2016

Objective:

The aim of this study was to investigate health professionals' perceptions of the inappropriate use of accident and emergency (A&E) services.

Method:

Qualitative methods were used to interview nine hospital staff as part of this exploratory study.

Results:

Seven main themes emerged from the data: convenience; lack of patient knowledge and help-seeking behaviour; lack of awareness of services; lack of knowledge of local services among health and social-care professionals; long-term conditions; parents with small children; and the local Nepalese community.

Conclusion:

Further research is needed to understand what drives service-users' behaviour to use A&E services inappropriately for non-urgent treatment.
Cancer management: the difficulties of a target-driven healthcare system
Authors: Anderson Beverley
Published: May 2016

This article gives a reflective overview on cancer management from a urological perspective. It is based on anecdotal evidence and observations of local practice, and highlights some of the inherent difficulties of delivering a robust service in a target-driven healthcare system. Cancer is a complex disease. It is crucial that stringent measures are used to ensure those affected by it receive care that is of the highest quality, delivered in a timely manner, and tailored to meet the individual's needs. In 2000, the Government's attempt to increase competition among healthcare providers in the delivery of care, and thereby healthcare quality and efficiency, resulted in a number of healthcare reforms being introduced in the UK. Central to these were the NHS Cancer Waiting Time standards, which were designed to fast-track care delivery in the management of cancer patients. The multidisciplinary teams play a pivotal role in this process and their contribution is imperative to achieving the desired outcomes. It is acknowledged that targets can be beneficial, but there are clear unintended consequences as well. Increases in urgent referrals result in significant screening demands and, consequently, newly diagnosed cancers. This, combined with factors such as patient choice and costs, put added pressure on NHS establishments and health professionals to deliver care within the target specifications.
Elevated levels of matrix metalloproteinases and chronic wound healing: an updated review of clinical evidence
Authors: Lazaro J.L. , Izzo V. , Meaume S. , Davies A.H. , Lobmann R. , Uccioli L.
Published: May 2016

Objective:

In the past 20 years, research and clinical trials on the healing process of chronic wounds have highlighted the key role of the family of enzymes called matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). If a strong correlation between the course of healing of chronic wounds and the levels of a biological marker can be demonstrated, then it may be possible to: i) identify the best marker threshold to predict the clinical evolution of the pathology; and ii) if causality has been found between the marker and pathology, to improve the healing outcome, to change the marker level.

Method:

The databases Medline and Embase were searched to identify clinical trials pertaining to the assessment of MMPs in chronic wounds with the following keywords ‘metalloproteinase’ or ‘metalloprotease’ and ‘wound healing’. Clinical trials were considered for inclusion if they enrolled patients with cutaneous chronic wounds and were published in English. More than 50 clinical trials, consensus documents and guidelines were assessed for this review.

Results:

MMPs play key roles in the wound healing process, and excessive expression and activation of some of these enzymes is seen in chronic cutaneous wounds where healing is delayed. Levels of MMPs are affected by a number of factors, including patient and wound characteristics.

Conclusion:

Levels of MMPs can be used to indicate the prognosis of chronic wounds and protease modulating treatments used to improve healing rates.

Declaration of interest:

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.
Modeling pig flow
Authors: Carr John , Howells Mark
Published: May 2016

Emptying the building of all stock, thoroughly cleaning and maintaining the farm buildings, prior to the reintroduction of stock has become the accepted basis of animal production systems. In practice this ideal is rarely achieved. All-in/all-out programmes cannot be achieved unless the farm adopts a batching programme. To batch requires planning and organisation. If the farm plan cannot work on paper it cannot work in practice. The veterinarian can play a pivotal role in helping design the farm around the animal's, worker's and owner's requirements.
Solution of The Schrödinger Equation for Trigonometric Scarf Plus Poschl-Teller Non-Central Potential Using Supersymmetry Quantum Mechanics
Authors: C Cari , S Suparmi , Saregar Antomi
Published: May 2016

In this paper, we show that the exact energy eigenvalues and eigen functions of the Schrödinger equation for charged particles moving in certain class of noncentral potentials can be easily calculated analytically in a simple and elegant manner by using Supersymmetric method (SUSYQM). We discuss the trigonometric Scarf plus Poschl-Teller systems. Then, by operating the lowering operator we get the ground state wave function, and the excited state wave functions are obtained by operating raising operator repeatedly. The energy eigenvalue is expressed in the closed form obtained using the shape invariant properties. The results are in exact agreement with other methods.
Curved Dyonic Domain Walls in Four Dimensions
Authors: Gunara Bobby Eka
Published: May 2016

In this short paper we show the existence of solitonic solutions of four dimensional ungauged N=1 supergravity coupled to arbitrary vector and chiral multiplets whose Ricci scalar curvature is constant. The Ricci scalar of spacetimes indeed depends on the σ-model, namely the complex scalars and their first derivative. Then, we give two explicit models, namely static domain walls and static spherical symmetric black holes which are related to our previous works.
Identification of Sandstone Reservoir Saturated by Oil Using Low Frequency Analysis with base on CWT and AVO Analysis
Authors: S Sudarmaji , Nurcahya Budi Eka
Published: May 2016

Identification of sandstone resevoir saturated by oil has been conducted by mean low frequency and amplitude versus offset (AVO) analysis. Low Frequency analysis was has been conducted among 3D and 2D seismic data of PSTM gather using continuose wavelet transform (CWT) around 15hz. Low frequency analysis was done by calculating attribute gradient time frequency of instantaneous amplitude using continuous wavelet transform (CWT) around 15hz for detecting the existing diffusive wave from reflection seismic. Diffusive wave is a wave that appears due to fluid movement in porous rock, especially fluid of hydrocarbon with certain viscosity and permeability. While amplitude versus offset (AVO) analysis was done for detecting the impedance character of sandstone reservoir that related to porous rock. Amplitude versus offset (AVO) analysis was done by calculating gradient*intercept and observing the curve of wave reflectivity as a function of offset. The positive value of gradient*intercept and curve of reflectivity as a function of offset could be identified as AVO
class III and correlated to sandstone reservoir with low impedance and good porosity.
¿Está (parte de) la filosofía del derecho basada en un error?
Authors: Bulygin Eugenio
Published: May 2016

¿Tiene el derecho valor moral? ¿Hay un deber moral de obedecer el derecho? Según el autor, estas preguntas caracterizan el problema de la normatividad del derecho entendido como el de su valor moral- que, junto con el problema del concepto de derecho, conforman las cuestiones de las que tradicionalmente se ha ocupado la Filosofía del Derecho. Sostiene que plantearse estas preguntas como filósofo del derecho- carece de sentido, por tratarse de seudo-problemas, ya que el interrogante por la obligación moral de obedecer el derecho debe ser enfrentada por la filosofía moral y no por la jurídica, por tratarse un problema de aquella y no de ésta disciplina. El autor distingue claramente entre un concepto de validez moral y otro concepto de validez jurídica (aplicabilidad), concluyendo que las normas jurídicas tienen sólo validez jurídica, no moral. Afirma que la teoría del derecho carece de respuesta para el problema de la aplicabilidad del derecho, y sólo responde al de su identificación, porque los deberes jurídicos no son razones concluyentes para la acción, a diferencia de los morales.
Los derechos fundamentales como mandatos de optimización
Authors: Lopera Mesa Gloria Patricia
Published: May 2016

En este trabajo se pretende examinar el significado y algunas de las implicaciones que se siguen de entender los derechos fundamentales como mandatos de optimización en el sentido propuesto por Alexy. Para ello se examina, en primer lugar, la caracterización de los principios como mandatos de optimización desarrollada por este autor para, a continuación, analizar algunas de las objeciones formuladas contra este planteamiento. Finalmente se presentan las razones que permiten sostener que el concepto de mandato de optimización en la teoría de Alexy cobra sentido si se entiende como una convención interpretativa aplicable en los llamados “casos difíciles”, más que como una propiedad derivada ya sea de la estructura abierta de las normas o del carácter gradual de su aplicación.
Conflictos trágicos y Derecho: posibles desafíos
Authors: Lariguet Guillermo
Published: May 2016

Mi propósito para este trabajo consiste en ofrecer una caracterización general de ‘conflicto trágico’ en el dominio de los valores o principios morales o jurídicos. En efecto, quiero explorar algunos de los principales desafíos que los juristas deben analizar si se admitiese la existencia de una clase especial de conflicto normativo: los conflictos trágicos. Dividiré este trabajo de la siguiente manera. Primero, mostraré los más importantes desacuerdos que los filósofos mantienen acerca de la naturaleza de la categoría “conflicto trágico”. Segundo, expondré en términos generales algunos de los principales desafíos que los conflictos trágicos opondrían al derecho. Finalmente, sugeriré algunos problemas relacionados a los límites de la racionalidad jurídica, exponiendo sus principales consecuencias filosóficas.
Norberto Bobbio: la responsabilidad del intelectual
Authors: Díaz García Elías
Published: May 2016

En este artículo se estudia la visión teórica del intelectual en el pensamiento de Norberto Bobbio. En este pensamiento se distingue el modelo de intelectual, caracterizado por la duda (metódica), la razón (crítica) y el diálogo (libre y público), del intelectual real, caracterizado por su labor de suministrar criterios-guía orientados a repercutir en la realidad social. Bobbio reivindica, sin dogmatismos, la dimensión normativa de la noción de intelectual: la tarea específica del mismo será la de prescribir valores.
Desregulación, Estado social y proceso de globalización
Authors: Marcilla Córdoba Gema
Published: May 2016

Uno de los factores más relevantes en la crisis de la "estatalidad" del Derecho es el creciente protagonismo de grupos y corporaciones, sobre todo económicos, en los procesos de creación de normas. Se trata de manifestaciones de pluralismo jurídico, que resultan de especial interés para explicar cl fenómeno de la desregulación. Al contrario de lo que la expresión puede sugerir, la desregulación no equivale a la anomia, sino que se identifica con el desplazamiento de normas intervencionistas, propias del Estado social, por otras cuya función se limita a asegurar la autonomía privada y la libre competencia entre sujetos que operan en el mercado. La desregulación suele justificarse en razones de eficiencia del mercado, pero también en razones de mayor legitimidad de las instancias públicas. Si bien la desregulación está cobrando importancia en el ámbito del Derecho estatal, es seguramente en el plano transnacional en el que más se advierte su presencia. Es más, cabría decir que la desregulación es la técnica normativa más característica de la sociedad global (piénsese en la nueva lex mercatoria): los agentes económicos que operan a escala global necesitan normas uniformes, adecuadas a los avances científicos y tecnológicos, que doten de seguridad y protejan frente a la delincuencia a las transacciones comerciales, y muy especialmente necesitan normas que no pongan trabas al mercado. Este es precisamente el tipo de Derecho que propicia la desregulación.
El concepto y la justificación del paternalismo
Authors: Alemany García Macario
Published: May 2016

Este artículo se divide en dos partes. En la primera parte, el autor interviene en la discusión sobre el concepto de paternalismo proponiendo que ésta se ponga en relación con la teoría del poder. A su juicio, los casos más claros de paternalismo serían ejercicios de poder y los casos dudosos se situarían en los límites del poder: por ejemplo, serían casos de mera influencia. Quien ejerce el poder sobre otros puede ser responsabilizado de las consecuencias de este ejercicio; esta posibilidad de exigir responsabilidad explica la necesidad de justificación del comportamiento paternalista. Sobre dicha justificación, en la segunda parte, el autor propone una serie de condiciones que deberían cumplirse, fundamentalmente en el contexto del paternalismo del Estado con sus ciudadanos, para poder afirmar que una concreta interferencia paternalista está justificada. Entre dichas condiciones destaca la exigencia de una situación de incompetencia básica de la persona tratada paternalistamente.
La categorización, en el Derecho y en el mundo
Authors: Schauer Frederick
Published: May 2016

Para diseñar el campo de aplicación de sus reglas, el Derecho unas veces opera usando categorías propiamente jurídicas y otras veces imponiéndose sobre categorías preexistentes del mundo extrajurídico. El examen de las relaciones entre esas dos formas de categorización puede partir de cinco hipótesis: 1) sucesos no jurídicos muy notorios llevarán más al uso por el Derecho de categorías no jurídicas; 2) las reglas sobre categorías no jurídicas tendrán mayor grado de cumplimiento; 3) la creación judicial de Derecho produce más categorías jurídicas, y las instancias legislativas o administrativas usan más categorías extrajurídicas; 4) sucesos jurídicos muy notorios llevan a una mayor categorización jurídica en el mundo no jurídico; y 5) la categorización jurídica es menos conservadora (facilita más el cambio social) que la no jurídica. Por otra parte, la analogía se basa en normas para seleccionar las propiedades relevantemente semejantes, de modo que tanto la creación de reglas canónicamente formuladas como el uso del precedente trazando analogías son igualmente procesos de categorización, la cual es central para el Derecho.
Principios, objetivos y derechos: otra vuelta de tuerca
Authors: Ruiz Manero Juan
Published: May 2016

En el libro publicado en 1996 Las piezas del Derecho, Manuel Atienza y Juan Ruiz Manero criticaron la tesis de Robert Alexy de los principios como mandatos de optimización y sostuvieron que tal caracterización resultaba adecuada únicamente para aquellos principios (en sentido genérico) que es usual llamar directrices o normas programáticas, pero no para lo que los autores llamaban principios en sentido estricto. Esta crítica ha sido discutida después en diversos trabajos entre los que Ruiz Manero destaca artículos debidos al propio Robert Alexy, a Gloria Lopera y a Josep Aguiló, así como una entrevista a Alexy realizada por Atienza. En este artículo, Ruiz Manero trata de responder a las críticas contenidas en estos trabajos a la posición desarrollada por Atienza y él mismo. Entre los puntos discutidos vale la pena mencionar los siguientes: la contribución de principios en sentido estricto y de directrices a la configuración de derechos; los sentidos en los que cabe hablar de modalidades graduables de cumplimiento de una norma; la distinción, a propósito de las relaciones entre acciones y estados de cosas, entre relaciones conceptuales y relaciones causales; la vinculación entre diferentes tipos de principios y diferentes tipos de valores.
El Holocausto y la responsabilidad: altruismo limitado y dilemas trágicos
Authors: Pérez Triviño José Luis
Published: May 2016

Este artículo parte de los análisis más recurrentes acerca de la atribución de responsabilidad de los alemanes en el Holocausto. Sobre este tema varios autores han culpado a la población alemana en su conjunto o diluyen la responsabilidad con la diferencia entre perpetradores y meros espectadores. Para el autor, ambas tesis son demasiado simplificadoras y reduccionistas de la vasta realidad de actores y espectadores que tuvieron un grado de participación. Para dar un poco de luz al respecto, el autor presenta una taxonomía que muestra los diferentes grados de participación que se pudieron haber dado durante el Holocausto. De tal forma, introduce seis categorías centrales de participación y ocho diferentes clases de actuación altruista, que posteriormente servirán para afinar los juicios de responsabilidad moral y jurídica respecto a dichos participantes.
El liberalsocialismo para Bobbio y para nosotros
Authors: Bovero Michelangelo
Published: May 2016

Partiendo de las ideas sobre el liberalsocialismo en el pensamiento de Norberto BOBBIO y hallando en el ámbito del constitucionalismo el terreno propicio, no ya para un compromiso, sino para una forma de reconciliación entre la tradición liberal y la socialista, el autor propone una caracterización del liberalsocialismo articulada en dos niveles: en un “liberalsocialismo mínimo” (o liberalsocialismo para la democracia), entendido como un “mínimo indispensable para la democracia”, y en un “liberalsocialismo máximo” (o liberalsocialismo en la democracia), esto es, “la conjugación entre la máxima libertad individual y la máxima justicia social históricamente posibles en cada ocasión”.
El problema de la autoridad: de nuevo sobre la concepción de la autoridad como servicio
Authors: Raz Joseph
Published: May 2016

El objeto de este artículo es volver de nuevo sobre la concepción de la autoridad como servicio, examinando algunas de las críticas que se le han dirigido. En la primera sección se exponen los presupuestos metodológicos fundamentales de la concepción. En la segunda sección se esbozan los perfiles generales de la concepción de la autoridad como servicio, así como la manera en la que ésta aborda el problema de la autoridad. En la sección tercera se exponen brevemente una serie de dificultades adicionales a las que se enfrenta la concepción, refinando la teoría y exhibiendo alguna de sus ventajas. En la sección cuarta se examina a grandes rasgos el argumento de que la autoridad, o al menos la autoridad política, presupone un vínculo especial, ausente en la concepción de la autoridad como servicio, entre el gobierno y los gobernados. En la sección quinta se considera la posibilidad de que tal vínculo sea forjado por el consentimiento, mientras que en la sección sexta se examina la posibilidad de que el vínculo se constituya en virtud de la identificación con o la pertenencia a la comunidad política (o a algún otro grupo).
Dos sugerencias (muy menores) sobre el concepto de tolerancia
Authors: Atienza Rodríguez Manuel
Published: May 2016

El autor discute dos aspectos de la concepción que sobre la tolerancia ha defendido Ernesto Garzón Valdés en diversos trabajos: su afirmación de que «la tolerancia es una propiedad disposicional»; y la idea de que «la tolerancia no es nunca algo intra, sino que siempre es algo intersistemático».
La aporía del soberano encadenado: análisis crítico de «las limitaciones jurídicas al soberano» del profesor Ernesto Garzón Valdés
Authors: Carrió Sampedro Alberto
Published: May 2016

En el presente artículo se realiza un breve comentario de los trabajos que el profesor Ernesto Garzón Valdés ha dedicado a analizar los problemas que plantea la limitación jurídica del soberano legal. Un tema, por otra parte, de perenne actualidad debido a la restricción a la que se ve sometida la acción del legislador en los modernos Estados democráticos de Derecho. La principal conclusión a la que se llega aquí —que es, a su vez, la divergencia principal con respecto a lo expuesto por Garzón Valdés— es que el concepto de soberanía es ya en sí mismo un concepto normativo. Un concepto que exige, por tanto, tener en cuenta las dos dimensiones que se engloban dentro del mismo por lo que referirse a él únicamente en términos formales conduce inevitablemente a una aporía lógica.
Entrada libre en el «coto vedado»
Authors: Díaz García Elías
Published: May 2016

El autor compara en este trabajo sus tesis a propósito de la obligación de la obediencia al Derecho en un Estado democrático con las sostenidas por Ernesto Garzón Valdés. Ambos comparten la tesis de que la ética puede ofrecer justificación no sólo para la desobediencia al Derecho, sino también para su obediencia. Sin embargo, discrepan a la hora de dar cuenta de la justificación de los límites a la obediencia al Derecho. Mientras que la teoría del coto vedado de Ernesto Garzón Valdés, desde lo que sería un enfoque negativo, habla de «límites» de la democracia y de la regla de las mayorías, el autor prefiere formularlos, desde un enfoque positivo, en términos de imperativos de coherencia con los mismos principios éticos y políticos que definen y justifican a la democracia.
Algunas discrepancias con Ernesto Garzón en materia de derechos humanos
Authors: González Amuchastegui Jesús
Published: May 2016

El texto recoge la respuesta del autor del libro citado a las tres observaciones que Ernesto Garzón realizó en el prólogo del mismo. Las discrepancias giran en torno a la historicidad de las concepciones de los derechos humanos defendida por el autor y cuestionada por el prologuista; al modelo de organización internacional exigido por las teorías de los derechos humanos: una asociación de Estados democráticos o una institución internacional democrática e «intervencionista» en materia de derechos humanos; y a la relevancia moral del principio de dignidad humana que el autor circunscribe a fundamentar los derechos de la personalidad y de seguridad, mientras Garzón lo amplia a fundamentar una regulación jurídica moralmente aceptable.
Sobre el concepto de estabilidad de los sistemas políticos
Authors: Ruiz Manero Juan
Published: May 2016

El propósito de esta contribución es discutir la definición del concepto de estabilidad de los sistemas políticos que propone Ernesto Garzón Valdés en su obra El concepto de estabilidad de los sistemas políticos. Ernesto Garzón propone definir el concepto de estabilidad de los sistemas políticos a partir del concepto de regla de reconocimiento. En opinión del autor, en esta propuesta de Garzón se distorsiona el concepto de regla de reconocimiento, al pretender extender su operatividad del ámbito de los sistemas jurídicos al de los sistemas políticos. Pues los sistemas políticos son entendidos por Ernesto Garzón no como instituciones en sentido jurídico o normativo, sino como instituciones en sentido social. Siendo así las cosas, el término de «regla de reconocimiento» no designa ya un concepto preciso de la teoría del Derecho, sino que no pasa de ser un nuevo nombre para conceptos politológicos tradicionalmente más vagos, tales como los de «ideología del grupo dominante» o «elementos esenciales del régimen político». Y ello implica el fracaso de la pretensión de Ernesto Garzón de aportar mayor rigor al discurso politológico mediante el uso de un concepto proveniente de la teoría del Derecho. El texto termina aludiendo al fenómeno, muy común en América latina, de continuidad de las agencias jurisdiccionales y de su personal a través de revoluciones y golpes de Estado. Para comprender este fenómeno, el autor señala la necesidad de atender a una regla aceptada de identificación del Derecho más básica que la regla de reconocimiento hartiana.