bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Government payments and farm debt utilization during the pandemic
Authors: Chandio Rabail , Katchova Ani L. , Subedi Dipak , Giri Anil K.
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This study examines the heterogeneous relationship between ad-hoc support policies, high government payments, low interest rates and farm debt use across farms of different sizes and across farm operators of different races, genders and experiences to inform the 2024 Farm Bill discussions.

Design/methodology/approach

Utilizing USDA’s Agricultural Resource Management Survey data for 2020 and 2021, this study characterizes the differences in short-term farm debt use and the amount of short-term debt during the COVID-19 pandemic period across several farm and farmer types using double selection LASSO and regression analysis.

Findings

Results show positive associations between government payments and debt use for all farm types and farmer demographics except for residence farms and non-white farmers, which may be due to their limited access to credit. Findings also indicate that farms that could already access credit, like commercial farms, increased their short-term debt during the pandemic per the decrease in interest rates. Moreover, the 2018 Farm Bill extended certain commodity support and direct and guaranteed loan program participation provisions that were previously more closely restricted. Beginning farmers seemed more likely to use short-term debt in response to higher pandemic government payments than their more experienced counterparts.

Practical implications

The insights from this study are timely and useful for policymakers for designing and implementing programs related to the new 2024 Farm Bill.

Originality/value

One of the explanations for the results is that beginning farmers have been more likely to use debt than most other groups of operators, signaling the success of special credit provisions. Our results are relevant to making upcoming policies related to female and nonwhite farm and ranch operators.
Using Instagram live-streaming viewers model to derive two types of needs satisfaction
Authors: Wu Hsueh-Ling , Chen Tser Yieth
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This study employed the viewer factors of live streamers on Instagram to influence the attachment and flow and then to investigate the impact of live streamer viewers’ relatedness needs satisfaction and entertainment needs satisfaction.

Design/methodology/approach

This study emphasized target audiences who followed live streamers on Instagram. We employed quota sampling to dispatch questionnaires on social media platforms. Therefore, 600 valid samples were collected in Taiwan and analyzed using structural equation modeling.

Findings

Empirical results show that the major route was from cognitive curiosity positively influencing attachment, then primarily positively affecting followers’ relatedness needs satisfaction. The empirical results also indicate that social media dependency positively influenced attachment, then contributing to viewers’ entertainment needs satisfaction.

Research limitations/implications

Future research should explore various social media platforms (e.g. Line, Twitter, YouTube) to compare differences. Studies could also examine cross-national attitudes toward live-streaming and brands due to cultural or religious factors. With more funding, future research should increase sample sizes beyond 600 to reduce statistical bias. Additionally, incorporating homophily between viewers and live streamers into the viewer model on Instagram is recommended for further investigation.

Originality/value

This study is the novelty to enlarge the influences of emotional connection to two types of needs satisfaction when highlighting that perceived loneliness, cognitive curiosity and social media dependency positively affect needs satisfaction through attachment and flow in live streamer recommendations.
Environmental pressure, green logistics strategy and sustainability performance: the moderating role of competitive intensity
Authors: Ellison Olivia , Nuertey Dorcas , Poku Emmanuel , Agbemude Samuel , Owusu Felix
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between environmental pressure, green logistics strategy (GLS) and sustainability performance as well as the moderating role of competitive intensity in the relationship between environmental pressure and GLS in the context of the Ghanaian Manufacturing firms.

Design/methodology/approach

The study included a thorough review of the literature and an empirical questionnaire-based data collection with responses from 220 participant manufacturing firms in Ghana. The data collected was statistically analysed using the PLS-SEM software.

Findings

The findings of the study indicated that environmental pressure positively influences the implementation of GLS. Again, it was revealed that there is a significant relationship between GLS and sustainability performance. Likewise, the study also found that environmental pressure significantly influences sustainability performance. Also, competitive intensity was found to moderate the relationship between environmental pressure and GLS.

Practical implications

This study gives insight into GLS and sustainability performance and also suggested that when managers in manufacturing industries adopt green practices as a result of environmental pressure, sustainability performance will be achieved. The geographic scope of the study area and time constraints were some of the research's limitations.

Originality/value

Although there have been studies carried out on the subject of green logistics, this study is the first of its kind to examine the relationship between environmental pressure, GLS and sustainability performance within the context of developing economies such as Ghana. Also, this study shows how intense competition in the market can moderate the adoption of GLS.
Motherhood enrichment in leadership: exploring top female executives in Spain
Authors: Domínguez-Soto Cristina , Labajo Victoria , Labrador-Fernández Jesús
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Existing research suggests motherhood hinders women’s advancement to top management roles, but its specific influence on women who have achieved senior leadership is unexplored.

Design/methodology/approach

This research uses a qualitative approach based on 34 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with Spanish female executives who hold board positions or have the potential to become board members in male-dominated industries.

Findings

This study identifies motherhood as a key driver in career growth, countering the view of it as a barrier. Narratives from female leaders revealed that motherhood did not impede their careers, challenging the “motherhood penalty” notion. We introduce the concept of “motherhood enrichment,” highlighting its positive impact on leadership skills and career progression in top executive roles.

Practical implications

These findings can challenge prejudices about the negative impact of motherhood on women’s careers and support policies promoting work–life balance and family-friendly cultures in organizations.

Originality/value

This study suggests the “motherhood-work enrichment” (MWE) concept in leadership, recognizing motherhood as a catalyst for leadership qualities and offering a preliminary theoretical model to explain MWE in the context of concurrent mother-top manager roles.
How will individual streaming platforms disrupt the entertainment and retail industries? Insights from Mukbang phenomenon
Authors: Chae Ho-Chang
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Mukbang is a live-streaming format where hosts, often referred to as broadcast jockeys (BJs) or streamers, eat copious amounts of food while engaging with their audience through commentary and reactions. This unique cultural phenomenon has sparked curiosity and diverse reactions globally. Mukbang’s popularity highlights the transformative power of digital platforms on traditional media and society, facilitating a shift toward more interactive and participatory forms of media consumption. This conceptual paper explores Mukbang’s widespread allure through frameworks such as the long tail theory, which illuminates the success of niche markets; parasocial relationship theory, which sheds light on viewers' bonds with streamers and social identity theory, which explains audience loyalty. We also forecast the implications of these streaming trends on the television, retail and sports industries, predicting a broad impact on traditional consumption and engagement models.

Design/methodology/approach

This study employs various theories, including the long tail concept, parasocial interactions and social identity theory, to describe and analyze the perplexing yet significant phenomenon of Mukbang.

Findings

Digital technology has transformed business models across various media industries, similar to how iTunes and the MP3 format revolutionized traditional music labels. This study suggests that streaming platforms, with their ability to cater to diverse needs and facilitate two-way communication, have the potential to disrupt traditional entertainment and retail industries.

Originality/value

This study addresses the gap in understanding how and why streaming platforms like AfreecaTV, Twitch and Huya can disrupt the traditional TV and entertainment industries. It highlights key elements that enable users to become prosumers, broadcasting content such as Mukbang. These platforms outperform traditional entertainment with numerous channels, ease of access, live chat sessions and digital rewards. The ability to build intimate relationships with viewers through two-way communication strengthens parasocial relationships, fostering emotional connections with streamers. Additionally, live chats with other viewers create a sense of belonging and social identity, helping viewers reduce uncertainty and enhance self-esteem.
Mitigating risks and ensuring continuity in essential services – sustainable procurement at Multan University
Authors: Bhutto Niaz Ahmed , Shaikh Abdul Rehman , Shaikh Sanober
Published: October 2024

Learning outcomes

The learning objectives of this case study based on Bloom’s Taxonomy (Bloom et al., 1956) will be to analyze the procurement process and identify the parameters for the procurement of services; evaluate the potential risks and challenges associated with relying on a single vendor for critical services; apply the four-stage model of crisis management to the breach of contract by Fresh Bites Catering; examine how adopting sustainable procurement practices, such as diversifying suppliers and establishing contingency plans, can mitigate these risks and ensure business continuity; and analyze the dynamics, roles and potential conflicts between the principal (Multan University) and agent (Fresh Bites Catering) using the principal–agent theory (PAT).

Case overview/synopsis

This case study explores the challenges and implications of sustainable procurement within the context of Multan University’s cafeteria services. It delves into the sudden contract breach by Fresh Bites Catering, a long-time partner responsible for providing central cafeteria services, and examines the resulting operational crisis faced by the university. This case study highlights key procurement processes, including vendor selection, contract management and adherence to sustainability principles, as well as the risks associated with single-vendor dependency. By applying frameworks such as the PAT, the four-stage model of crisis management and sustainable procurement practices, this case study encourages students to critically assess the failures in contract enforcement, risk mitigation and service continuity. Additionally, it stimulates discussion on the benefits of robust risk management strategies, multi-vendor approaches and clear contract terms to prevent future disruptions in essential services. This case study serves as a valuable tool for understanding how procurement strategies influence organizational performance and long-term sustainability in higher education institutions.

Complexity academic level

This is a decision-making case and can be taught in Master of Business Administration courses in purchase and supply management and operations management. This case study is mainly written to make students understand and analyze the potential risks of a single vendor, the benefits of diversifying suppliers and sustainable procurement.

Supplementary materials

Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code

CSS 9: Operations and logistics.
Work-life balance, career motivation and women: a systematic literature review and research agenda in the Indian context
Authors: Ali Ruksar , Sujood  , Naz Ariba , Azhar Mohd
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to provide a review of the existing research landscape on work-life balance and women’s career motivation. It examines the relationship between work-life balance and career motivation in the context of Indian women. Specifically, it explores how the work-life balance of women influences the motivational aspects of their careers.

Design/methodology/approach

The research uses a systematic literature review to identify and analyze relevant literature on work-life balance and women’s career motivation among Indian women from the Scopus database.

Findings

The study uncovers critical insights into the connection between work-life balance and women’s career decisions. It gives insight on how work-life balance significantly impacts women’s career choices. The SLR reveals a notable and consistent upward trend in the domains of work-life balance and career motivation among women.

Research limitations/implications

The findings of this study can inform organizations in tailoring policies that foster women’s career growth while simultaneously supporting a healthy work-life balance. In addition, the research can empower women to make informed decisions about their careers and personal lives. Ultimately, it contributes to creating a more inclusive and gender-equitable work environment, promoting both women’s career aspirations and their overall well-being.

Originality/value

This research stands out in its examination of the relationship between work-life balance and women’s career motivation, particularly in the unique context of Indian women. While previous studies have explored these topics individually, this research bridges the gap by investigating their interplay. Moreover, the application of a systematic literature review approach to these variables in the context of Indian women represents a novel contribution.
Debt maturity and climate change exposure: does life cycle moderate?
Authors: Arthur Joseph
Published: October 2024

Purpose

In this study, I explore how climate exposure influences debt maturity and whether the life cycle moderates this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

This study employs robust panel fixed-effects regression models on 32,249 firm-year observations over 2002–2022. The meticulous examination of the relationship between climate exposure and debt maturity and the use of IV regression models to address endogeneity ensure the validity and reliability of the findings. Exploiting an external shock to validate the results further enhances the robustness of the analysis.

Findings

The study reveals that climate change exposure significantly negatively affects debt maturity, a finding that holds for both climate-related opportunities and regulatory risks. While the life cycle impacts debt maturity, it exacerbates the negative effect for firms in the introductory and growth phases. This exacerbation is due to underinvestment problems and a lack of financial flexibility. These findings shed new light on the relationship between climate exposure and debt maturity, providing valuable insights for corporate finance professionals and strategic managers.

Practical implications

The evidence presented in this study has strategic implications for corporate managers, investors, academia and other stakeholders. The insights on the choice or substitution of debt maturity during certain life cycle phases can provide valuable guidance to management, empowering them to make informed decisions.

Originality/value

The dynamic role of the corporate life cycle in the relationship between capital structure and climate exposure is a novel area of research. This paper significantly contributes to our understanding of the combined relationship of firm life cycle and climate exposure on debt maturity, offering a fresh perspective on an underexplored topic. This study’s unique approach and original findings will pique the interest of academic researchers and corporate finance professionals alike.
When upstream suppliers drive traceability: A process study on blockchain adoption for sustainability
Authors: Heldt Lisa , Pikuleva Ekaterina
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the emergence of blockchain-enabled traceability in complex multi-tiered supply chains, focusing on the perspective of upstream suppliers. Blockchain technology receives attention for its potential to enable better traceability and thus sustainability risk management, yet there is limited empirical evidence on how actual implementation unfolds. We aim to understand how blockchain adoption unfolds in practice, particularly in critical mineral supply chains that are critical to the sustainability transition yet linked to severe environmental and human rights risks and to explore the role of traditionally non-focal firms in this process.

Design/methodology/approach

Adopting a process-based case study design, our research is grounded in data collected through participant observation (>12 months) within an upstream mining company, supplemented by interviews and document review. Our study employs the complex adaptive systems (CAS) lens and uses an abductive approach for data analysis.

Findings

In our case, blockchain-based traceability in the cobalt supply chain was co-constructed over time, fundamentally driven by a large upstream supplier but enabled through supply-chain-spanning collaboration with like-minded downstream actors and successive expansion into the opaque midstream, enabled through a stakeholder alliance forum and formalized in the blockchain. We find, however, that visibility, standards, trust and follow-up capacities need to exist in their own right, ideally prior to blockchain implementation.

Originality/value

Our paper provides empirical insights from an upstream (vs downstream) perspective and investigates blockchain’s implementation (vs potential) to complement and ground existing research. Further, we extend the CAS framework by emphasizing agency and visible horizon of traditionally non-focal firms.
Looking into the black box of non-systemic quality management in public administration
Authors: Baschung Lukas , Weber Nicole , Hasler Stefanie , Rota Mathias
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Through the lens of neo-institutionalism, this study suggests an up-to-date check of non-systemic quality management (QM) practices, based on the example of Swiss cantonal public administrations. Related findings shall allow public managers to choose concrete tools for quality improvement, which are less resource intensive than quality management systems (QMS).

Design/methodology/approach

A framework of quality management tools (QMTs) is developed based on existing literature, tested and adapted through four case studies and applied to a broader variety of Swiss public administrations based on a survey. It is detected to what extent QMTs are used, since when and with what intensity by paying attention to the respective importance of new public management (NPM) and network governance (NG)-shaped QMTs.

Findings

All examined offices use an important number of QMTs. Classical isomorphism only takes place on a superficial level. Findings are in line with more recent neo-institutional views, involving reflective attitudes of public administrations, which lead to a selective choice of QMTs. Non-systemic QM consists of NPM- and NG-shaped tools, although the latter are used less often in practice.

Research limitations/implications

The obtained results need further confirmation based on a quantitively broader sample.

Practical implications

It is suggested to practitioners to choose individual QMTs with a focus on performance impact, opting to use a smaller number of QMTs in a systematic way rather than a bigger number with only half-hearted application.

Originality/value

This article sheds light on the often invisible non-systemic QM in public administration.
Research on wheel wear evolution of inside axlebox metro vehicles
Authors: Qi Yayun , Dai Huanyun , Ao Peng , Cui Xiaolu , Mao Wenhui
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Axleboxes are an important structure that connects the wheelset with the bogie frame. Inside axlebox bogies have lower wheelset yaw angle stiffness and better curve-passing performance. The purpose of this paper to study the differences in the wear evolution law and the influencing factors of the two types of metro vehicles.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper established the dynamic model and wear model of both outside axlebox and inside axlebox metro vehicles to research the wheel wear evolution law of the two types of vehicles. The curve passing performance of two vehicles is analyzed. The effect of key parameters on wheel wear is studied, including the lateral distance of the axlebox, the longitudinal stiffness of the rotary arm node, the lateral stiffness of the rotary arm node and the wheel profiles.

Findings

The results showed that the model of inside axlebox metro vehicles improved vehicle safety and curve-passing performance. At the same time, inside axlebox metro vehicles reduce wheel wear of the wheel tread area and wheel flange area. When the S1002 wheel tread profile matched with the vehicle parameters, the wheel wear is minimized.

Originality/value

This paper established a dynamic model for inside axleboxes metro vehicles, then used a wheel wear model to analyze the evolution of wheel wear and the key influencing factors of the inside axleboxes metro vehicles.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-07-2024-0256/
Back to the nest: the practices employed for succession of heirs in family businesses in Brazil
Authors: Monticelli Jefferson Marlon , Bernardon Renata Araujo , Schaidhauer Pâmela Hubner , Curth Marcelo
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The present study aims to identify the practices employed to bring heirs into family businesses as successors.

Design/methodology/approach

We conducted an exploratory, qualitative investigation using a case study approach. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with external consultants and with incumbent leaders, next-generation heirs working in the firm (and likely to become successors) and employees from three family firms from different industries and under ownership and control of different generations of their respective families (first, second and third and fourth generations). In addition to surveying their general perceptions of the succession processes in their firms, each informant was asked to rate the degree of importance of 12 succession practices identified in the literature and the extent to which they exist in their respective firms.

Findings

Our results showed that heirs typically enter the family business after a development process outside of the family business, which we have termed as coming back to the nest. This process was enacted through practices that we allocated to the following categories: continued development of heirs, developing relationships in the succession process, separation of roles and attitude of the successor heirs. Overall, 8 of the 12 practices derived from the theoretical framework were endorsed as important by representatives of the family businesses and 9 were endorsed by the consultants, 7 of which coincided in both groups. However, only 5 of the practices were identified as present in the firms’ succession processes by the representatives of the family businesses, while the consultants did not identify any of the 12 practices as present.

Originality/value

We present additional important practices, the adoption of which would be beneficial for family business succession, such as adapting external learning to the family business, acquiring leadership skills and experience and developing emotional intelligence. Our study advances the prior literature since we do not merely discuss succession planning but analyze in an applied manner how succession actually takes place in family businesses.
Contamination concerns and face consciousness in fashion-sharing services
Authors: Wei Xiaoyong , Wang Cheng
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The commercial sharing service (CSS) represents an emerging business model in which users pay a minor fee to rent a product for a short period of time. Fashion CSSs enable individuals to rent various garments and accessories with the goal of enhancing one’s public image while saving money. Marketers have strived to popularize fashion CSSs, but concerns related to contamination have thwarted their efforts. Based on face consciousness theory, this research examines how consumers’ desire to enhance their public image (i.e. to “gain face”) can attenuate the negative impacts of contamination concerns and thus facilitate fashion CSS usage.

Design/methodology/approach

Two scenario-based studies were conducted to collect data. Participants were recruited via online survey platforms in mainland China. The hypotheses were tested by partial least squares (PLS) path modeling and linear regression analysis.

Findings

The analysis results revealed a two-stage mediation model. Contamination concerns were found to inhibit consumers’ participation in fashion-sharing by increasing their perceived risk, which further decreased the perceived value of the CSS. However, consumers’ desire to gain face can mitigate the negative (direct and indirect) effects of contamination concerns on CSS usage, facilitating CSS adoption.

Originality/value

Our findings suggest that eliciting consumers’ desire to gain face can promote fashion CSS usage and attenuate the negative impacts of contamination concerns. Moreover, consumers are less risk-averse and less concerned about shared pieces being contaminated when they seek to enhance their face through fashion products. Practical implications for fashion marketers are discussed.
Deep learning-based high-frequency jump test for detecting stock market manipulation: evidence from China’s securities market
Authors: Huang Hongyi , Wu Yanhui
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This study aims to tackle the critical issue of detecting stock market manipulation, which undermines the integrity and stability of financial markets globally. Even enhanced with machine learning, traditional statistical methods often struggle to analyze high-frequency trading data effectively due to inherent noise and the limited availability of publicly known manipulation cases. This leads to poor model generalization and a tendency toward over-fitting. Focusing on China's securities market, our study introduces an innovative approach that employs deep learning-based high-frequency jump tests to overcome these challenges and to develop a more effective method for identifying manipulative activities.

Design/methodology/approach

We employed the “Jump Variation – Time-of-Day” (JV-TOD) non-parametric technique for jump tests on high-frequency data, coupled with the synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE) algorithm for re-balancing sample data. Our approach trains a deep neural network (DNN) on refined data to enhance its ability to identify manipulation patterns accurately.

Findings

Our results show that the deep neural network model, calibrated with high-frequency price jump data, identifies manipulation behavior more specifically and accurately than traditional models. The model achieved an accuracy rate of 94.64%, an F1-score of 95.26% and a recall rate of 95.88%, significantly outperforming traditional models. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in mitigating over-fitting and improving the robustness of market manipulation detection.

Practical implications

The proposed model provides regulatory entities and financial institutions with a more efficient tool to monitor and counteract market manipulation, thereby improving market fairness and investor protection.

Originality/value

By integrating the JV-TOD jump test with deep learning, this study proposed a new approach to market manipulation detection. The innovation is in its capacity to detect subtle manipulation signals that traditional methods typically overlook. Our model, which is trained on jump test data enhanced by the SMOTE algorithm, excels at learning complex manipulation patterns. This enhances both detection accuracy and robustness. In contrast to existing methods that are challenged by the noisy and intricate nature of high-frequency data, our approach shows enhanced performance in identifying nuanced market manipulations, offering a more effective and reliable method for detecting market manipulation.
Impact of nap-processing and weft density on the functionalization and protection properties of polyester uniforms produced with fancy weaves
Authors: Seddik Khaled Mohamed , Yahia Sarah
Published: October 2024

Purpose

One important aspect of a quality work environment is its ability to protect workers from potential hazards while providing comfort, especially during long hours. This study aims to improve the properties of the polyester fabric used for uniforms by enhancing its ultraviolet (UV) protection factor (UPF), reducing electrostatic charge and increasing comfort.

Design/methodology/approach

Six different samples of polyester woven fabric were manufactured using a yarn count of 150/144 denier for the warp and 300/96 denier for the weft. Honeycomb and Bedford cord structures were performed with three different weft densities, 36, 45 and 55 weft/cm. The napping process was conducted on one side for all fabrics, and several tests were conducted before and after napping, including thickness, weight, tensile strength, elongation, air and water permeability, UPF and electrostatic charges.

Findings

The results were collected, tabulated and statistically analysed. Three different tools were used, given as follows: Column chart to define the behaviour of produced fabrics at each property; ANOVA test with p-value = 0.05 to indicate the significant and non-significant effects of different parameters; and Radar chart area to rank fabrics and demonstrate the preferable performance.

Originality/value

According to the investigated study, the produced fabrics were affected by the parameters, where despite the nap process increasing the fluffy surface and promoting airflow, UV protection and electrostatic charge, it aids in deteriorating mechanical properties and relatively reducing absorbency. Additionally, the weft densities are striking in various fabric characteristics and performances relating to the fancy weave structure.
Unveiling business environment and digital entrepreneurial activity in the European tourism industry
Authors: Abdelli Mohammed El Amine , Perez-Encinas Adriana , Rodríguez-Crespo Ernesto , Moussavou Jean , Ertz Myriam , Pinto Borges Ana , Levy-Tadjine Thierry , Jha Dipra
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This article assesses the impact of the internal and external Business Environment on the Digital Entrepreneurial Activity (DEA) in the European tourism industry.

Design/methodology/approach

A sample of 125 European tourism entrepreneurs in Germany and France was studied. Data were analyzed using quantitative methods.

Findings

The results indicate that a firm experiencing losses due to theft and vandalism has a positive relationship with the DEA, and there is Liquidity or Cash flow that contributes positively to DEA. The outcomes shows that there is a specific limit to the institution having liquidity or cash flow, the costs of inspection by tax officials, and the average management time with government regulations that affect digital entrepreneurs. The total cost of labor contributes significantly to the digital productivity of entrepreneurs in the tourism sector.

Originality/value

These findings have significant and practical implications for entrepreneurs and academics in the tourism industry, providing them with valuable insights for decision-making.
Impact of rifaximin on cirrhosis complications and gastric microbiota in patients with gastroesophageal variceal bleeding: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Huang Xiao Quan , Ai Ying Jie , Li Feng , Ye Si Tao , Wang Jia Hao , Zhang Rui , Zhang Wei , Zhu Yu Li , Chen Shi Yao
Published: October 2024

Objectives

The application of rifaximin, a non‐absorbable antibiotic, in hepatic encephalopathy (HE) has been well established; however, its effect on other complications in cirrhotic patients with previous gastroesophageal variceal bleeding (GEVB) remains unclear. Therefore, we performed a pilot randomized controlled trial aiming to evaluate the impact of rifaximin on cirrhosis‐related complications and changes in gastric microbiota.

Methods

Eighty cirrhotic patients who received prophylactic endoscopic treatment for variceal rebleeding were randomly assigned to the control or rifaximin treatment group (rifaximin 400 mg twice daily for 8 weeks). Primary outcome was the total liver‐related score, consisting of changes in cirrhosis‐related complications including rebleeding, ascites, HE and portal vein thrombosis (PVT). The 16S rDNA sequencing analysis was conducted with gastric lavage fluid samples for the analysis of gastric microbiota.

Results

During the 8‐week follow‐up, the total liver‐related score decreased significantly upon rifaximin therapy (−0.35 ± 0.14 vs 0.05 ± 0.14, p = 0.0465) as well as serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) (p = 0.019) and interleukin‐8 (p = 0.025) compared with the control group. The rate of PVT recanalization was significantly higher in the rifaximin group (p = 0.012). Prominent difference in gastric microbiota between the two groups was observed, and the rifaximin group had a higher abundance of several taxa which were dysregulated in the progression of cirrhosis. CRP was correlated with several taxa including Alphaproteobacteria, Rhizobiales and Collinsella.

Conclusions

Rifaximin may improve cirrhosis‐related complications, including PVT, in patients with previous GEVB through anti‐inflammatory and microbiota‐modulating functions. Trial registration number: NCT02991612.
Big impacts with small efforts: spatial prioritization for amphibian conservation in the Sierra Madre del Sur, Mexico
Authors: Fuentes‐de la Rosa D. L. , Aguilar‐Cámara A. , Camarena‐Hernández A. , Ochoa‐Ochoa L. M.
Published: October 2024

Amphibian survival is imperiled by increasing anthropogenic disturbance and insufficient conservation efforts. Spatial prioritization is an essential tool that allows for optimization of scarce conservation resources and the identification of protected area networks that will maintain their effectiveness in the future. This study focuses on amphibians in the Sierra Madre del Sur, a Mexican biogeographic province with high amphibian species richness and endemism. We aim to (i) assess the performance of the current protected area network and (ii) identify potential expansion areas of the current network, considering their persistence in time. Using occurrence data of 107 species, we estimated distributions with species distribution models and buffers. Species were weighted according to their national and international conservation status, and future land‐use change scenarios were incorporated to identify priority areas using Zonation software. Results revealed poor performance of the current protected areas network for amphibian conservation, failing to cover any of the top 2% of amphibian priority areas. Many protected areas fall outside the top 30% priority, indicating inadequate location of protected areas for amphibian conservation. However, minimal network expansions could significantly enhance protection for high‐risk species, particularly for the Plethodontidae family. Our study highlights the potential of systematic conservation planning in improving efficient amphibian conservation, even with minimal expansions of key areas. Finally, our findings provide important insights into amphibian conservation in a region with high levels of endemism that has often been neglected in terms of biodiversity conservation efforts.
Do vaginal swabs alter empirical clinical management in obstetrics and gynaecology: A retrospective case‐series and activity‐based costing of the vaginal swab
Authors: Kirby Jordan , Leroi Marcel , Cvejic Erin , Mooney Samantha
Published: October 2024

Background

Vaginal swab microbiological testing is commonly performed as routine clinical management for various obstetric and gynaecological presentations. The clinical utility and cost‐effectiveness of vaginal swab microscopy, culture and susceptibilities (MCS) in altering empirical management is ill‐defined.

Aims

To describe the clinical use of vaginal swabs in a tertiary women's hospital emergency department (ED), measure the impact of vaginal swabs on altering empirical clinical management, and to determine the economic cost of vaginal swab MCS.

Materials and Methods

Retrospective case‐series of vaginal swabs collected at a single, tertiary women's ED between January 2021 and July 2021. Symptomatology, clinical diagnosis, test results, and pre‐swab and post‐swab clinical management were determined upon medical record review. Economic costs of vaginal swab MCS were retrospectively determined via internal accounting records, permitting unit‐level activity‐based costing.

Results

A total of 660 vaginal swabs from 584 clinical episodes were included. Vulvovaginitis was the most common indication for swab collection (34.5%, 167 samples). Altered empirical management was observed in 9.8% of all swabs (95% CI 7.4–12.2%), with marked variability between clinical indications. Antimicrobial initiation was the most common alteration in management (8.9%, 95% CI 8.7–9.1%). The estimated cost of vaginal swab MCS was $29.71 AUD; labour, consumables and disposal costs accounted for 69.3, 29.8 and 0.9%, respectively.

Conclusions

The impact of vaginal swab MCS on empirical clinical management is context‐specific and variable. The majority of swabs performed do not impact upon empirical management. Antimicrobial initiation is appreciably more common than antimicrobial cessation with vaginal swab results.
Toward an anthropology that cares: Lessons from the Academic Carework project
Authors: Greer Nikky , Fleuriet Jill , Galemba Rebecca , Han Sallie
Published: October 2024

Anthropologists’ cross‐cultural studies of kinship, gender, and caregiving have shown how care is fundamental to the human experience. Ironically, anthropologists have been relatively silent about the caregiving we ourselves do. To understand these experiences, we conducted an online survey (N = 492), seven focus groups (N = 31), and seven in‐depth interviews of anthropologists in various career stages. We use the term “academic carework” both to describe labor made invisible through caregiving and to recognize caring relations that structure our academic work. We show how carework challenges are experienced along axes of race, gender, class, sexuality, age, and precarious academic status, underscoring how anthropology reproduces itself as a privileged space in the context of the deterioration of working conditions in the neoliberal academy. We proceed to illustrate how the prevailing institutional strategy of temporary accommodation temporally confines caregiving experiences that are ongoing and compounding. An accommodation approach encourages caregivers to interpret structural problems as individual struggles and to discipline themselves accordingly, even as they critique its neoliberal underpinnings. We offer recommendations to address the impacts of carework on professional trajectories. More broadly, however, we look to new anthropologies of care for inspiration to imagine a more inclusive anthropology.
Salvianolic acid B improves the microcirculation in a mouse model of sepsis through a mechanism involving the platelet receptor CD226
Authors: Li Xuemei , Liu Shanshou , Xie Jiangang , Liu Lin , Duan Chujun , Yang Lu , Wang Yuling , Wu Yilin , Shan Niqi , Zhang Yun , Zhang Yuan , Zhuang Ran
Published: October 2024

Background and Purpose

Salvianolic acid B (SalB) demonstrates diverse clinical applications, particularly in cardiovascular and cerebral protection. This study primarily investigated the effects of SalB on sepsis.

Experimental Approach

The model of sepsis via caecal ligation puncture (CLP) was established in male C57BL/6 mice. Therapeutic effects of SalB on hepatic and pulmonary injury, inflammatory responses and microcirculatory disturbances in sepsis were evaluated. Platelet aggregation and adhesion were measured via flow cytometry and an adhesion test. After overexpression of platelet‐related activating molecules by 293T cells, the efficient binding of SalB and platelet CD226 molecules was further evaluated. Finally, neutralizing antibody experiments were used to assess the mechanism of SalB in alleviating the progression of sepsis.

Key Results

SalB mitigated hepatic and pulmonary impairments, reduced inflammatory cytokine levels and enhanced mesenteric microvascular blood flow in septic mice. SalB enhanced CLP‐induced reduction of platelet count and platelet pressure cumulative volume. SalB reduced platelet adhesion to endothelial cells and platelet aggregation to leukocytes. A high binding efficiency was observed between SalB and the platelet adhesion molecule CD226. Ex vivo, interactions between SalB and platelets from CD226‐knockout mice were markedly decreased. In vivo administration of CD226 neutralizing antibodies significantly delayed disease progression and enhanced mesenteric microcirculation in septic mice.

Conclusion and Implications

In our murine model of sepsis, treatment with SalB improved the microcirculatory disturbance and hindered the progression of sepsis by inhibiting platelet CD226 function. Our results suggest SalB is a promising therapeutic approach to the treatment of sepsis.
Asia‐inclusive drug development leveraging principles of ICH E5 and E17 guidelines: Case studies illustrating quantitative clinical pharmacology as a foundational enabler
Authors: Lu Hong , Klopp‐Schulze Lena , Mukker Jatinder Kaur , Li Dandan , Kuroki Yoshihiro , Bolleddula Jayaprakasam , Terranova Nadia , Goteti Kosalaram , Gao Wei , Strotmann Rainer , Dong Jennifer , Venkatakrishnan Karthik
Published: October 2024

With the International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) E17 guidelines in effect from 2018, the design of Asia‐inclusive multiregional clinical trials (MRCTs) has been streamlined, thereby enabling efficient simultaneous global development. Furthermore, with the recent regulatory reforms in China and its drug administration joining the ICH as a full regulatory member, early participation of China in the global clinical development of novel investigational drugs is now feasible. This would also allow for inclusion of the region in the geographic footprint of pivotal MRCTs leveraging principles of the ICH E5 and E17. Herein, we describe recent case examples of model‐informed Asia‐inclusive global clinical development in the EMD Serono portfolio, as applied to the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3‐related inhibitors, tuvusertib and berzosertib (oncology), the toll‐like receptor 7/8 antagonist, enpatoran (autoimmune diseases), the mesenchymal–epithelial transition factor inhibitor tepotinib (oncology), and the antimetabolite cladribine (neuroimmunological disease). Through these case studies, we illustrate pragmatic approaches to ethnic sensitivity assessments and the application of a model‐informed drug development toolkit including population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling and pharmacometric disease progression modeling and simulation to enable early conduct of Asia‐inclusive MRCTs. These examples demonstrate the value of a Totality of Evidence approach where every patient's data matter for de‐risking ethnic sensitivity to inter‐population variations in drug‐ and disease‐related intrinsic and extrinsic factors, enabling inclusive global development strategies and timely evidence generation for characterizing benefit/risk of the proposed dosage in Asian populations.
Performance of ChatGPT and Dental Students on Concepts of Periodontal Surgery
Authors: Li Chen , Zhang Jinmei , Abdul‐Masih John , Zhang Sihan , Yang Jingmei
Published: October 2024

Introduction

As a large language model, chat generative pretrained transformer (ChatGPT) has provided a valuable tool for various medical scenarios with its interactive dialogue‐based interface. However, there is a lack of studies on ChatGPT's effectiveness in handling dental tasks. This study aimed to compare the knowledge and comprehension abilities of ChatGPT‐3.5/4 with that of dental students about periodontal surgery.

Materials and Methods

A total of 134 dental students participated in this study. We designed a questionnaire consisting of four questions about the inclination for ChatGPT, 25 multiple‐choice, and one open‐ended question. As the comparison of ChatGPT‐3.5 and 4, the question about the inclination was removed, and the rest was the same. The response time of ChatGPT‐3.5 and 4 as well as the comparison of ChatGPT‐3.5 and 4′ performances with dental students were measured. Regarding students' feedback on the open‐ended question, we also compared the outcomes of ChatGPT‐4′ and teacher's review.

Results

On average, ChatGPT‐3.5 and 4 required 3.63 ± 1.18 s (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.14, 4.11) and 12.49 ± 7.29 s (95% CI, 9.48, 15.50), respectively (p < 0.001) for each multiple‐choice question. For these 25 questions, the accuracy was 21.51 ± 2.72, 14 and 20 for students, ChatGPT‐3.5 and 4, respectively. Furthermore, the outcomes of ChatGPT‐4's review were consistent with that of teacher's review.

Conclusions

For dental examinations related to periodontal surgery, ChatGPT's accuracy was not yet comparable to that of the students. Nevertheless, ChatGPT shows promise in assisting students with the curriculum and helping practitioners with clinical letters and reviews of students' textual descriptions.
Genital and sexual alterations in regular cyclists: A urological point of view
Authors: Giraldo Gómez Mariana , Nieva‐Posso Daniel Andrés , García‐Perdomo Herney Andrés
Published: October 2024

Cycling is one of the leading sports activities practiced in the Western world; its promotion, even from political spaces, as a non‐polluting transportation alternative in urban spaces has led to its frequent practice among men and women. Our objective was to review the association between regular cycling and the development of urological and sexual disorders in men and women. The intensity of cycling, the number of hours invested, the positioning of the seat, and the body position can lead to the development of urological and sexual disorders that can affect the quality of life. As for male cyclists, the intense practice of this sport has been associated with prostatic disturbances and pelvic pain. Sexual disorders have been identified with genital numbness and the development of injuries, and it is still controversial, although most of the literature does negate the development of erectile dysfunction. In women, it has been associated more frequently with dysuria and recurrent urinary infections; as for sexual disorders, it has been associated with chronic pelvic pain, genital numbness, and, more regularly, the development of genital sores. Regular and high‐intensity cycling practice has urological and sexual effects in both men and women, but more studies are needed to reach better decisions.