bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A neurodegeneration gene, WDR45, links impaired ferritinophagy to iron accumulation
Authors: Aring Luisa , Choi Eun‐Kyung , Kopera Huira , Lanigan Thomas , Iwase Shigeki , Klionsky Daniel J. , Seo Young Ah
Published: November 2021

Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the abnormal accumulation of brain iron and the progressive degeneration of the nervous system. One of the recently identified subtypes of NBIA is β‐propeller protein‐associated neurodegeneration (BPAN). BPAN is caused by de novo mutations in the WDR45/WIPI4 (WD repeat domain 45) gene. WDR45 is one of the four mammalian homologs of yeast Atg18, a regulator of autophagy. WDR45 deficiency in BPAN patients and animal models may result in defects in autophagic flux. However, how WDR45 deficiency leads to brain iron overload remains unclear. To elucidate the role of WDR45, we generated a WDR45‐knockout (KO) SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line using CRISPR‐Cas9‐mediated genome editing. Using these cells, we demonstrated that the non‐TF (transferrin)‐bound iron pathway dominantly mediated the accumulation of iron. Moreover, the loss of WDR45 led to defects in ferritinophagy, a form of autophagy that degrades the iron storage protein ferritin. We showed that impaired ferritinophagy contributes to iron accumulation in WDR45‐KO cells. Iron accumulation was also detected in the mitochondria, which was accompanied by impaired mitochondrial respiration, elevated reactive oxygen species, and increased cell death. Thus, our study links WDR45 to specific iron acquisition pathways and ferritinophagy.

image

Cover Image for this issue:
https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15388
Missing out on precious time: Extending paid parental leave for parents of babies admitted to neonatal intensive or special care units for prolonged periods
Authors: Spittle Alicia J , McKinnon Clare , Huang Li , Burnett Alice , Cameron Kate , Doyle Lex W , Anderson Peter , Baird Marian , Colditz Paul , Cruz Melanie , Pussell Kylie , Dalziel Kim , Eeles Abbey , Newnham John , Hunt Rod W , Cheong Jeanie
Published: November 2021

In Australia, approximately 18% of newborn babies are admitted to a neonatal intensive or special care nursery. While most babies admitted to a neonatal intensive or special care nursery are discharged home within a few weeks, around 6% of babies spend more than 2 weeks in hospital. For the parents of these babies, much of their leave entitlements (Australian Government Paid Parental Leave Scheme is up to18 weeks for the primary care giver and up to 2 weeks for partners) are used before their baby comes home from hospital. The time babies and parents spend together in the early developmental period, during the hospitalisation and when the baby is discharged home, is crucial for optimal child development and bonding. Yet care givers who have a baby admitted to neonatal intensive or special care for extended periods are not currently entitled to any extra parental leave payments in Australia. We recommend the Australian Paid Parental Leave Act is changed to allow primary carers access to 1 week of extra parental leave pay for every week in hospital (for babies admitted to hospital for more than 2 weeks), up to a maximum of 14 weeks. For fathers and partners of these babies, we recommend an additional 2 weeks of extra Dad and Partner Pay. The net cost, taking into account likely productivity benefits, would be less than 1.5% of the current cost of the scheme and would improve health and socio‐economic outcomes for the baby, family and society.
Pain and distress in people with severe or profound ID in Victoria, Australia: Utility of behavioural assessment tools
Authors: Weir Stephanie , Koritsas Stella
Published: November 2021

Pain is often unrecognised and untreated in people with ID. In the absence of self‐report, the use of structured behavioural pain assessment tools is best practice for identifying pain in this group. The aim of this research was to explore the utility of the Abbey Pain Scale and The Distress and Discomfort Assessment Tool (DisDAT) for use by residential support workers and family members of adults with severe or profound ID who live in group home settings. Participants were 17 residential support workers and six family members and provided information about 23 adults with severe or profound ID. Participants completed one of the two tools every 2 weeks for 3 months and indicated whether they thought the individual was content, distressed or experiencing pain. In total, 131 completed tools were returned (80 Abbey Pain Scales and 51 DisDATs). The results indicated that higher total pain scores on the Abbey Pain Scale appear to correspond to a report of pain or distress. A range of behaviours from the Abbey Pain Scale were reported to be present when the individuals with ID were reported to be in pain, such as vocalisations and facial expressions, but these and other behaviours were also observed when the individual was reported to be distressed. Similarly, using the DisDAT, there were behaviours that were present when individuals were reported to be experiencing pain which, for the most part, were also reported when individuals were reported to be distressed. Although neither of the tools appeared to distinguish between pain and distress, it is evident that both tools have utility in the assessment of distress. This is a promising finding as it may be that the tools can be used to signal that an individual with severe or profound ID is distressed and that pain is a factor to be considered.
Macro and trace elements signature of periodontitis in saliva: A systematic review with quality assessment of ionomics studies
Authors: Baima Giacomo , Iaderosa Giovanni , Corana Matteo , Romano Federica , Citterio Filippo , Giacomino Agnese , Berta Giovanni N. , Aimetti Mario
Published: November 2021

Objectives

The present systematic review examined the available evidence on distinctive salivary ion profile in periodontitis compared to periodontal health and provided a qualitative assessment of the literature.

Background

Macro and trace elements are essential for cellular physiology, and their changes in biological fluids can be revelatory of an underlying pathological status.

Methods

Data from relevant studies identified from PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases were retrieved to answer the following PECO question: “In systemically healthy individuals, are there any differences in any salivary macro or trace element concentration between periodontally healthy subjects (H) and patients with periodontitis (P)?” Quality of included studies was rated using a modified version of the QUADOMICS tool. A consistency analysis was performed to identify significantly discriminant chemical elements.

Results

After the screening of 873 titles, 13 studies were included reporting data on 22 different elements. Among them, levels of sodium and potassium were consistently and significantly higher in P compared to H. Conflicting results were found for all the other elements, despite concentration of calcium, copper, and manganese mostly increased in saliva of P. Levels of magnesium were found higher in P than in H in 2 studies but lower in 3. Zinc resulted significantly increased in saliva from H compared to P individuals in 2 studies, but one study reported opposite results. Four studies were considered as high quality, while reporting of operative protocols and statistical analysis was a major limitation for the others. Due to high methodologic heterogeneity, meta‐analysis was not performed.

Conclusions

Levels of macro or trace elements were differentially identified in saliva across diverse periodontal conditions, having a major potential for investigation of oral homeostasis and for high‐resolution periodontal diagnosis. Products of inflammatory physiologic cellular impairment, such as sodium and potassium, were the most consistently associated with periodontitis (PROSPERO CRD42021235744).
Prevalence and factors associated with excessive and severe daytime sleepiness among healthcare university students in the Brazilian Midwest
Authors: Dutra da Silva Renato Canevari , Garcez Anderson , Pattussi Marcos Pascoal , Olinto Maria Teresa Anselmo
Published: November 2021

The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of, and factors associated with excessive and severe daytime sleepiness in healthcare university students. A cross‐sectional university‐based study was conducted with 1,779 students from a university located in the Brazilian Midwest State of Goiás, Brazil, in 2018. Daytime sleepiness was assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and classified as excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS; cut‐off ESS score ≥10) and severe EDS (S‐EDS; cut‐off ESS score ≥16). Associated factors included sociodemographic, behavioural, academic, nutritional status, and sleep‐related and perceived health characteristics. Poisson regression was used for the data analysis. The mean (SD) age of the sample was 22.5 (3.84) years. The prevalence of EDS was 54.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 51.9–56.1) and S‐EDS was 10.0% (95% CI 9.2–11.7). After adjustment, a higher probability of occurrence of EDS was found among women (prevalence ratio [PR] 1.37, 95% CI 1.24–1.53), younger students (PR 1.23, 95% CI 1.07–1.42), those who were studying medicine (PR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02–1.28), with poor sleep quality (PR 1.29, 95% CI 1.17–1.43), and among those who reported constant loss of sleep due to internet use (PR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02–1.27). After adjustment, the highest probability of occurrence of S‐EDS was found among women (PR 1.72, 95% CI 1.22–2.43), among those with poor sleep quality (PR 2.17, 95% CI 1.54–3.08), and medical students (PR 1.39, 95% CI 1.01–1.90). In conclusion, there was a high prevalence of daytime sleepiness among healthcare university students, especially among medical students and women.
Host species identity shapes the diversity and structure of insect microbiota
Authors: Malacrinò Antonino
Published: November 2021

As for most of the life that inhabits our planet, microorganisms play an essential role in insect nutrition, reproduction, defence, and support their host in many other functions. More recently, we assisted to an exponential growth of studies describing the taxonomical composition of bacterial communities across insects' phylogeny. However, there is still an outstanding question that needs to be answered: Which factors contribute most to shape insects' microbiomes? This study tries to find an answer to this question by taking advantage of publicly available sequencing data and reanalysing over 4000 samples of insect‐associated bacterial communities under a common framework. Results suggest that insect taxonomy has a wider impact on the structure and diversity of their associated microbial communities than the other factors considered (diet, sex, life stage, sample origin and treatment). However, when specifically testing for signatures of codiversification of insect species and their microbiota, analyses found weak support for this, suggesting that while insect species strongly drive the structure and diversity of insect microbiota, the diversification of those microbial communities did not follow their host's phylogeny. Furthermore, a parallel survey of the literature highlights several methodological limitations that need to be considered in the future research endeavours.
A genomic and morphometric analysis of alpine bumblebees: Ongoing reductions in tongue length but no clear genetic component
Authors: Christmas Matthew J. , Jones Julia C. , Olsson Anna , Wallerman Ola , Bunikis Ignas , Kierczak Marcin , Whitley Kaitlyn M. , Sullivan Isabel , Geib Jennifer C. , Miller‐Struttmann Nicole E. , Webster Matthew T.
Published: November 2021

Over the last six decades, populations of the bumblebees Bombus sylvicola and Bombus balteatus in Colorado have experienced decreases in tongue length, a trait important for plant‐pollinator mutualisms. It has been hypothesized that this observation reflects selection resulting from shifts in floral composition under climate change. Here we used morphometrics and population genomics to determine whether morphological change is ongoing, investigate the genetic basis of morphological variation, and analyse population structure in these populations. We generated a genome assembly of B. balteatus. We then analysed whole‐genome sequencing data and morphometric measurements of 580 samples of both species from seven high‐altitude localities. Out of 281 samples originally identified as B. sylvicola, 67 formed a separate genetic cluster comprising a newly‐discovered cryptic species (“incognitus”). However, an absence of genetic structure within species suggests that gene flow is common between mountains. We found a significant decrease in tongue length between bees collected between 2012–2014 and in 2017, indicating that morphological shifts are ongoing. We did not discover any genetic associations with tongue length, but a SNP related to production of a proteolytic digestive enzyme was implicated in body size variation. We identified evidence of covariance between kinship and both tongue length and body size, which is suggestive of a genetic component of these traits, although it is possible that shared environmental effects between colonies are responsible. Our results provide evidence for ongoing modification of a morphological trait important for pollination and indicate that this trait probably has a complex genetic and environmental basis.
Nitrate‐inducible MdBT2 acts as a restriction factor to limit apple necrotic mosaic virus genome replication in Malus domestica
Authors: Zhang Zhenlu , Xie Yin‐Huan , Sun Ping , Zhang Fu‐Jun , Zheng Peng‐Fei , Wang Xiao‐Fei , You Chun‐Xiang , Hao Yu‐Jin
Published: November 2021

Apple necrotic mosaic virus (ApNMV) is highly associated with the occurrence of apple mosaic disease in China. However, ApNMV–host interactions and defence mechanisms of host plants against this virus are poorly studied. Here, we report that nitrate treatment restrains ApNMV genomic RNA accumulation by destabilizing viral replication protein 1a through the MdBT2‐mediated ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway. MdBT2, a nitrate‐responsive BTB/TAZ domain‐containing protein, was identified in a yeast two‐hybrid screen of an apple cDNA library using viral protein 1a as bait, and 1a was further confirmed to interact with MdBT2 both in vivo and in vitro. It was further verified that MdBT2 promoted the ubiquitination and degradation of viral protein 1a through the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway in an MdCUL3A‐independent manner. Viral genomic RNA accumulation was reduced in MdBT2‐overexpressing transgenic apple leaves but enhanced in MdBT2‐antisense leaves compared to the wild type. Moreover, MdBT2 was found to interfere with the interaction between viral replication proteins 1a and 2apol by competitively interacting with 1a. Taken together, our results demonstrate that nitrate‐inducible MdBT2 functions as a limiting factor in ApNMV viral RNA accumulation by promoting the ubiquitination and degradation of viral protein 1a and interfering with interactions between viral replication proteins.
Parallel Binary or Tripartite? Formal Hybridisation of Sonata Types in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: SMITH PETER H.
Published: November 2021

Hepokoski and Darcy's sonata theory subdivides the sonata universe into five basic types. These include not only the familiar sonata without development (type 1), ‘textbook’ sonata (type 3), sonata‐rondo hybrid (type 4) and concerto form (type 5), but also the somewhat less familiar parallel‐binary designs of expanded type 1 and type 2. Many movements follow conventions of only one of these types, but there are also instances that fall in a grey area between the black and white categories.

A combination of dialogic sonata theory, Caplinian form‐functional analysis and Schenkerian insights supports the heuristic value of the expanded type 1 and type 2 conceptualisations, in contrast to alternatives such as the reversed recapitulation. Examples from Beethoven (Op. 57), Schubert (D. 810), Schumann (Op. 41, no. 3), Brahms (Opp. 25, 90, 111) and Dvořák (Opp. 81, 87) highlight a distinction between blurred recapitulatory boundaries in avowedly type 3 sonatas and continuity across development and crux in parallel‐binary contexts. The distinction allows for recognition of hybrid forms that are primarily parallel binary but that adopt gestures of recapitulatory overlap observable in type 3 examples. These movements form a continuum, beginning with those housing strong elements of recapitulatory double return and continuing with others in which this type 3 characteristic fades in favour of a more forthright – although possibly still hybrid – expanded type 1 design. Salient passages in the second rotation of these parallel‐binary forms respond to the formal shape and motivic content of the exposition.
AKT1E17K‐mutated meningioma cell lines respond to treatment with the AKT inhibitor AZD5363
Authors: John Peter , Waldt Natalie , Liebich Josephine , Kesseler Christoph , Schnabel Stefan , Angenstein Frank , Sandalcioglu I. Erol , Scherlach Cordula , Sahm Felix , Kirches Elmar , Mawrin Christian
Published: November 2021

Aims

Meningiomas are the most frequent primary brain tumours. Recently, knowledge about the molecular drivers underlying aggressive meningiomas has been expanded. A hotspot mutation in the AKT1 gene (AKT1E17K), which is found in meningiomas at the convexity and especially at the skull base, has been associated with earlier tumour recurrence.

Methods

Here, we analysed the effects of the AKT1E17K mutation and treatment response to the Akt inhibitor AZD5363 in transgenic meningioma cell clones and mouse xenografts modelling convexity or skull base meningiomas.

Results

We show that the AKTE17K mutation significantly enhances meningioma cell proliferation and colony size in vitro, resulting in significantly shortened survival times of mice carrying convexity or skull base AKT1E17K xenografts. Treatment of mutant cells or xenografts (150 mg/kg/d) with AZD5363 revealed a significant decrease in cell proliferation and colony size and a prolongation of mouse survival. Western blots revealed activation of AKT1 kinase (phosphorylation at Ser273 and Thr308) by the E17K mutation in human meningioma samples and in our in vitro and in vivo models.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that AKT1E17K mutated meningiomas are a promising selective target for AZD5363.
Evaluation of the effects of hypodontia on the morphology of craniofacial structures
Authors: Yelmer Zeynep Aybike , Akbulut Sibel
Published: November 2021

Objective

The study aimed to investigate the effects of hypodontia on the sagittal and vertical dimensions of the jaws, dentition and the related soft tissue.

Materials and Methods

The hypodontia group included 111 patients whose growth was completed with one or more congenitally missing teeth (CMT). Sixty additional patients with skeletal and dental class I relationship, without CMT, and who completed growth, were included as the control group. The hypodontia group was divided into three subgroups according to the intermaxillary (maxillary or mandibular) location, intramaxillary (anterior or posterior) location and the severity of hypodontia (mild: 1‐2 CMT or moderate: 3‐6 CMT). Twenty‐three measurements were performed on lateral cephalograms of the patients. The one‐way and Kruskal‐Wallis Analysis of Variance tests were used for the statistical analysis. The false discovery‐rate analysis was applied for the multiple comparison adjustment.

Results

No significant difference was found in the skeletal measurements between all hypodontia subgroups and the control (P > .05). Upper incisors were found to be retroclined in the anterior hypodontia group. The upper lip was found to be protruded in the mandibulary hypodontia group compared to the control (P < .05).

Conclusion

The mild‐to‐moderate hypodontia did not produce a significant skeletal effect. However, hypodontia can affect the incisors, especially when CMT is in the anterior region. Besides, the effects of severe hypodontia could not be evaluated due to the insufficient number of oligodontia patients.
Novel ventilation techniques in children
Authors: Dos Santos Rocha André , Habre Walid , Albu Gergely
Published: November 2021

Extraordinary progress has been made during the past few decades in the development of anesthesia machines and ventilation techniques. With unprecedented precision and performance, modern machines for pediatric anesthesia can deliver appropriate mechanical ventilation for children and infants of all sizes and with ongoing respiratory diseases, ensuring very small volume delivery and compensating for circuit compliance. Along with highly accurate monitoring of the delivered ventilation, modern ventilators for pediatric anesthesia also have a broad choice of ventilation modalities, including synchronized and assisted ventilation modes, which were initially conceived for ventilation weaning in the intensive care setting. Despite these technical advances, there is still room for improvement in pediatric mechanical ventilation. There is a growing effort to minimize the harm of intraoperative mechanical ventilation of children by adopting the protective ventilation strategies that were previously employed only for prolonged mechanical ventilation. More than ever, the pediatric anesthesiologist should now recognize that positive‐pressure ventilation is potentially a harmful procedure, even in healthy children, as it can contribute to both ventilator‐induced lung injury and ventilator‐induced diaphragmatic dysfunction. Therefore, careful choice of the ventilation modality and its parameters is of paramount importance to optimize gas exchange and to protect the lungs from injury during general anesthesia. The present report reviews the novel ventilation techniques used for children, discussing the advantages and pitfalls of the ventilation modalities available in modern anesthesia machines, as well as innovative ventilation modes currently under development or research. Several innovative strategies and devices are discussed. These novel modalities are likely to become part of the armamentarium of the pediatric anesthesiologist in the near future and are particularly relevant for challenging ventilation scenarios.
Hydrogen sulphide signalling in plant response to abiotic stress
Authors: Zhao R. , Yin K. , Chen S.
Published: November 2021

Throughout their whole life cycle, higher plants are often exposed to diverse environmental stresses, such as drought, salinity, heavy metals and extreme temperatures. In response to such stress, plant cells initiate signalling transduction, resulting in downstream responses, such as specific gene transcription and protein expression. Accumulating evidence has revealed that hydrogen sulphide (H2S) serves as a signalling molecule in plant acclimation to stressful conditions. More important, H2S interacts with other signalling molecules and phytohormones, contributing to transcriptional regulation and post‐translational modification. Overall, the H2S‐mediated signalling pathway and its interaction with other signals remains elusive. Here, we describe the role of the H2S signalling network in regulating physiological and molecular processes under various abiotic stresses.
Type of self‐talk matters: Its effects on perceived exertion, cardiorespiratory, and cortisol responses during an iso‐metabolic endurance exercise
Authors: Basset Fabien A. , Kelly Liam P. , Hohl Rodrigo , Kaushal Navin
Published: November 2021

Self‐talk is an effective mental training technique that has been shown to facilitate or debilitate an athlete's performance, depending on its valence. Although the effects of self‐talk have been supported by observing change in sport performance, little is known about how self‐talk can induce physiological changes. Specifically, it is important to understand if the type of self‐talk (positive, neutral, or negative) and can influence stress‐related parameters, such as perceived exertion, cardiorespiratory, and cortisol responses. The study's objective was therefore to investigate the top‐down effect of positive and negative self‐talk compared to a dissociative activity during an iso‐metabolic running exercise on autonomic regulation of cardiorespiratory function. Twenty‐nine well‐trained male runners [38 ± 13 years, 177 ± 7 cm and 73 ± 7 kg] volunteered to participate in a randomized‐group design study that included a negative self‐talk (NST), a positive self‐talk, and a dissociative group (DG). First, participants underwent an incremental running test on a treadmill to determine the maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max). Next, participants received a mental training session on self‐talk and created three positive and three negative self‐talk statements. Finally, participants underwent a 60‐min steady‐state running exercise on a treadmill at 70% of V̇O2max, during which they were cued at 20‐, 35‐, and 50‐min with their personal self‐created positive or negative self‐talk statements while the DG listened to a documentary. Cardiorespiratory parameters and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded throughout the 60‐min endurance exercise. In addition, salivary cortisol samples were obtained at waking and after treatment. Although oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide production, RPE, and heart rate significantly changed overtime during the 60‐min steady‐state running exercise, no significant main treatment effect was found. However, RPE scores, minute ventilation, breathing frequency, and salivary cortisol were significantly higher in the NST group compared to the two other groups. These data suggest that NST [emotion‐induced stress, as reflected by elevated cortisol] altered the breathing frequency response. In conclusion, manipulating self‐talk alters hormonal response patterns, modulates cardiorespiratory function, and influences perceived exertion.
Factors controlling the geometry of travertine mounds: Insights from Heinitang (China)
Authors: Luo Lianchao , Wen Huaguo , Brogi Andrea , Capezzuoli Enrico
Published: November 2021

Travertine mounds are common spring‐constructed landforms with highly variable geometries, but factors controlling their development have not yet been fully understood. To investigate processes linked with their lateral and vertical growth, this study investigated travertine mounds at Heinitang (China) and compared them with typical mounds around the world. Calcium concentration variation modelling and height evaluation of travertine mounds were also performed. The lateral extent of travertine mounds was found to be mainly controlled by Ca2+ and concentrations and water discharge: relatively small metre‐scale mounds, like those from Heinitang, are largely the products of Ca2+‐deficiency (<150 mg L−1, commonly <100 mg L−1) or ‐deficiency (<500 mg L−1) springs with low discharges (<0.1 L s−1), whereas springs with higher Ca2+ and concentrations and discharges give rise to the formation of wider mounds. Additional factors affecting mound lateral development include infiltration, evaporation, micro‐organisms, water cooling, CO2 degassing and flow paths. Height of travertine mounds cannot be simply considered to represent the piezometric surface, because the vertical growth of travertine mounds is also influenced by the water table change triggered by tectonic pulses and climate fluctuations, and the closing of conduits induced by self‐sealing. The extinction of travertine mounds at Heinitang is, for example, probably caused by the water table lowering triggered by earthquakes or climate drying after 4 kyr bp. These findings offer new inputs for the better understanding of factors controlling travertine mound development and might assist in the reconstruction of fluid properties, hydrodynamics, tectonics and climate fluctuations in fossil geothermal systems with travertine mounds.
Reflective Judgment and Radical Evil in Kant’sReligion
Authors: Stoner Samuel A. , Wilford Paul T.
Published: November 2021

This article argues that, on Kant’s account, the claim that an individual is radically evil depends on a reflective judgment that treats all the choices this individual makes as if they were determined by a single supreme maxim. Subsequently, it shows that Kant’s proof of the universality of radical evil is a transcendental argument, which establishes that the human experience of moral life as a constant struggle is only possible for a person whose choices are determined by a single supreme maxim if that person’s supreme maxim is evil. It concludes that the concept of radical evil is a regulative principle, which explains how radical evil is consistent with human freedom.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐DPB1*665:01:02 allele by sequencing‐based typing
Authors: Cargou Marine , Elsermans Vincent , Cambridge Charlotte A. , Guidicelli Gwendaline , Visentin Jonathan
Published: November 2021

HLA‐DPB1*665:01:02 differs from HLA‐DPB1*665:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 139 in exon 3.
The HLA‐B*51:353 allele identified in a volunteer donor for hematopoietic stem cell transplant
Authors: Choi Haeyoun , Choi Eun‐Jeong , Kim Hyoung‐Jae , Kim Tai‐Gyu , Baek In‐Cheol
Published: November 2021

HLA‐B*51:353 differs from HLA‐B*51:01:01:01 in codon 95 in exon 3.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐DQA1*01:76 allele by sequencing‐based typing
Authors: Cargou Marine , Andreani Marco , Bianculli Antonio Giuseppe , Ralazamahaleo Mamy , Visentin Jonathan
Published: November 2021

HLA‐DQA1*01:76 differs from HLA‐DQA1*01:03:01:06 by one nucleotide substitution in codon −11 in exon 1.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐DRB4*01:151 allele by sequencing‐based typing
Authors: Cargou Marine , Andreani Marco , Troiano Maria , Wojciechowski Elodie , Visentin Jonathan
Published: November 2021

HLA‐DRB4*01:151 differs from DRB4*01:01:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 178 in exon 3.
Patterns of gene expression in pollen of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) indicate downregulation as a feature of thermotolerance
Authors: Masoomi‐Aladizgeh Farhad , McKay Matthew J. , Asar Yasmin , Haynes Paul A. , Atwell Brian J.
Published: November 2021

Reproductive performance in plants is impaired as maximum temperatures consistently approach 40°C. However, the timing of heatwaves critically affects their impact. We studied the molecular responses during pollen maturation in cotton to investigate the vulnerability to high temperature. Tetrads (TEs), uninucleate and binucleate microspores, and mature pollen were subjected to SWATH‐MS and RNA‐seq analyses after exposure to 38/28°C (day/night) for 5 days. The results indicated that molecular signatures were downregulated progressively in response to heat during pollen development. This was even more evident in leaves, where three‐quarters of differentially changed proteins decreased in abundance during heat. Functional analysis showed that translation of genes increased in TEs after exposure to heat; however, the reverse pattern was observed in mature pollen and leaves. For example, proteins involved in transport were highly abundant in TEs whereas in later stages of pollen formation and leaves, heat suppressed synthesis of proteins involved in cell‐to‐cell communication. Moreover, a large number of heat shock proteins were identified in heat‐affected TEs, but these proteins were less abundant in mature pollen and leaves. We speculate that the sensitivity of TE cells to heat is related to high rates of translation targeted to pathways that might not be essential for thermotolerance. Molecular signatures during stages of pollen development after heatwaves could provide markers for future genetic improvement.
Metabolic design in a mammalian model of extreme metabolism, the North American least shrew (Cryptotis parva)
Authors: Chung Dillon J. , Madison Grey P. , Aponte Angel M. , Singh Komudi , Li Yuesheng , Pirooznia Mehdi , Bleck Christopher K. E. , Darmani Nissar A. , Balaban Robert S.
Published: November 2021

Mitochondrial adaptations are fundamental to differentiated function and energetic homeostasis in mammalian cells. But the mechanisms that underlie these relationships remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated organ‐specific mitochondrial morphology, connectivity and protein composition in a model of extreme mammalian metabolism, the least shrew (Cryptotis parva). This was achieved through a combination of high‐resolution 3D focused ion beam electron microscopy imaging and tandem mass tag mass spectrometry proteomics. We demonstrate that liver and kidney mitochondrial content are equivalent to the heart, permitting assessment of mitochondrial adaptations in different organs with similar metabolic demand. Muscle mitochondrial networks (cardiac and skeletal) are extensive, with a high incidence of nanotunnels – which collectively support the metabolism of large muscle cells. Mitochondrial networks were not detected in the liver and kidney as individual mitochondria are localized with sites of ATP consumption. This configuration is not observed in striated muscle, likely due to a homogeneous ATPase distribution and the structural requirements of contraction. These results demonstrate distinct, fundamental mitochondrial structural adaptations for similar metabolic demand that are dependent on the topology of energy utilization process in a mammalian model of extreme metabolism.

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Key points

Least shrews were studied to explore the relationship between metabolic function, mitochondrial morphology and protein content in different tissues.

Liver and kidney mitochondrial content and enzymatic activity approaches that of the heart, indicating similar metabolic demand among tissues that contribute to basal and maximum metabolism. This allows an examination of mitochondrial structure and composition in tissues with similar maximum metabolic demands.

Mitochondrial networks only occur in striated muscle. In contrast, the liver and kidney maintain individual mitochondria with limited reticulation.

Muscle mitochondrial reticulation is the result of dense ATPase activity and cell‐spanning myofibrils which require networking for adequate metabolic support. In contrast, liver and kidney ATPase activity is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and basolateral membrane, respectively, generating a locally balanced energy conversion and utilization.

Mitochondrial morphology is not driven by maximum metabolic demand, but by the cytosolic distribution of energy‐utilizing systems set by the functions of the tissue.
Time-averaging axion-like interacting scalar fields models
Authors: Chakraborty Saikat , González Esteban , Leon Genly , Wang Bin
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we study a cosmological model inspired in the axionic matter with two canonical scalar fields $$\phi _1$$

ϕ
1

and $$\phi _2$$

ϕ
2

interacting through a term added to its potential. Introducing novel dynamical variables, and a dimensionless time variable, the resulting dynamical system is studied. The main difficulties arising in the standard dynamical systems approach, where expansion normalized dynamical variables are usually adopted, are due to the oscillations entering the nonlinear system through the Klein–Gordon (KG) equations. This motivates the analysis of the oscillations using methods from the theory of averaging nonlinear dynamical systems. We prove that time-dependent systems, and their corresponding time-averaged versions, have the same late-time dynamics. Then, we study the time-averaged system using standard techniques of dynamical systems. We present numerical simulations as evidence of such behavior.
Kantowski–Sachs Tsallis holographic dark energy model with sign-changeable interaction
Authors: Sobhanbabu Y. , Vijaya Santhi M.
Published: November 2021

In this work devoted to the investigation of the Tsallis holographic dark energy (IR cut-off is Hubble radius) in homogeneous and anisotropic Kantowski–Sachs Universe within the frame-work of Saez–Ballester scalar tensor theory of gravitation. We have constructed non-interacting and interacting Tsallis holographic dark energy models by solving the field equations using the relationship between the metric potentials. This relation leads to a viable deceleration parameter model which exhibits a transition of the Universe from deceleration to acceleration. In interacting case, we focus on sign-changeable interaction between Tsallis holographic dark energy and dark matter. The dynamical parameters like equation of state parameter, energy densities of Tsallis holographic dark energy and dark matter, deceleration parameter, and statefinder parameters of the models are explained through graphical representation. And also, we discussed the stability analysis of the our models.
On a system of nonlinear Schrödinger equations with quadratic interaction and L2-critical growth
Authors: Esfahani Amin
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we study the dynamical behavior of solutions of nonlinear Schrödinger equations with quadratic interaction and [Formula: see text]-critical growth. We give sharp conditions under which the existence of global and blow-up solutions are deduced. We also show the existence, stability, and blow-up behavior of normalized solutions of this system.
Legendre spectral collocation technique for fractional inverse heat conduction problem
Authors: Abdelkawy M. A. , Babatin Mohammed M. , Alnahdi Abeer S. , Taha T. M.
Published: November 2021

For fractional inverse heat conduction problem (FIHCP), this paper introduces a numerical study. For the proposed FIHCP, in addition to the unknown function of temperature, the boundary heat fluxes are also unknown. Related to the two independent variables, the proposed scheme uses a fully spectral collocation treatment. Our technique is determined to be more accurate, efficient and practicable. The obtained results confirmed the exponential convergence of the spectral scheme.
Scene Text Detection Based on Expanding the Text Center Region for Bilingual Tibetan-Chinese
Authors: Li Jincheng , Hao Yusheng , Wang Weilan , Wang Tiejun , Li Qiaoqiao
Published: November 2021

Scene text detection is an important research branch of artificial intelligence technology whose goal is to locate text in scene images. In the Tibetan areas of China, scene images containing both Tibetan and Chinese texts are ubiquitous. Thus, detecting bilingual Tibetan-Chinese scene texts is important in promoting intelligent applications for minority languages. In this study, a scene text detection database for bilingual Tibetan-Chinese is constructed using a manually labeled method and an automatic synthesis method, and a text detection method is proposed. First, we predict a text rectangular region and the text center region for each text instance and simultaneously learned the expansion distance of the text center region. Second, based on the classification score of the text center region and the text rectangular region, we obtain the final confidence of each text instance and then filter out the text center region with lower confidence. Third, through the learned expansion distance, the full-text instance from the remaining text center region is recovered. The results show that our method obtains good detection performance; it achieves an accuracy of up to 75.47% during the text detection phase, laying the foundation for scene text recognition in the subsequent step.
Energy conditions in f(P) gravity
Authors: Bhattacharjee Snehasish
Published: November 2021

[Formula: see text] gravity is a novel extension of Einsteinian cubic gravity in which the Ricci scalar in the action is replaced by a function of the curvature invariant [Formula: see text] which represents the contractions of the Riemann tensor at the cubic order [C. Erices, E. Papantonopoulos and E. N. Saridakis, Phys. Rev. D 99 (2019) 123527]. This work is concentrated on bounding some [Formula: see text] gravity models using the concept of energy conditions where the functional forms of [Formula: see text] are represented as (a) [Formula: see text] and (b) [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the sole model parameter. Energy conditions are interesting linear relationships between pressure and density and have been extensively employed to derive interesting results in Einstein’s gravity, and are also an excellent tool to impose constraints on any cosmological model. To place the bounds, we ensured that the energy density must remain positive, the pressure must remain negative, and the equation of state parameter must attain a value close to [Formula: see text] to make sure that the bounds respect the accelerated expansion of the universe and are also in harmony with the latest observational data. We report that for both the models, suitable parameter spaces exist which satisfy the aforementioned conditions, and therefore, posit the [Formula: see text] theory of gravity to be a promising modified theory of gravitation.
Modified emergent dark energy and its astronomical constraints
Authors: Benaoum H. B. , Yang Weiqiang , Pan Supriya , Di Valentino Eleonora
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we generalize the Phenomenologically Emergent Dark Energy (PEDE) model, famous for solving the long standing Hubble tension, with our Modified Emergent Dark Energy (MEDE) scenario. This new model introduces one additional parameter ‘[Formula: see text]’ that, depending on the value assumed by the analysis, can recover [Formula: see text]CDM (if [Formula: see text]), PEDE (if [Formula: see text]). We perform a robust observational analysis of MEDE using various observational datasets including cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation, baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) distance measurements, a local value of the Hubble constant (R19) and the Pantheon sample of Supernovae Type Ia. We find that when [Formula: see text] is free to vary, the [Formula: see text] tension is alleviated but not solved like in PEDE, and the [Formula: see text]CDM is always preferred by the data when R19 is excluded, as confirmed by the bayesian evidence analysis.
Phantom energy-supported wormhole model in f(R,T) gravity assuming conformal motion
Authors: Bhar Piyali , Rej Pramit , Sahoo P. K.
Published: November 2021

In this article, we have discussed Morris and Thorne (MT) wormhole solutions in a modified theory of gravity that admits conformal motion. Here, we explore the wormhole solutions in [Formula: see text] gravity, which is a function of the Ricci scalar ([Formula: see text]) and the trace of the stress–energy tensor ([Formula: see text]). To study wormhole geometries, we make assumption of spherical symmetric static spacetime and the existence of conformal Killing symmetry to get more acceptable astrophysical outcomes. To do this, we choose the expression of [Formula: see text] as [Formula: see text]. Here, we employ the phantom energy EoS relating to radial pressure and density given by [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] to constrain our model. Following a discussion of wormhole geometry and behavior of shape function, the study moves on to the computation of proper radial distance, active mass function, the nature of total gravitational energy and a discussion on the violation of energy conditions. We have shown that the wormhole solutions exist for positive as well as negative values of the coupling constant [Formula: see text]. From our analysis, we see that no wormhole solution exists for [Formula: see text]. All the physical parameters have been drawn by employing the values of [Formula: see text] as [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] corresponds to general relativity (GR) case. It is found that for our proposed model, a realistic wormhole solution satisfying all the properties can be obtained.
Shell-structure and asymmetry effects in level densities
Authors: Magner A. G. , Sanzhur A. I. , Fedotkin S. N. , Levon A. I. , Shlomo S.
Published: November 2021

Level density [Formula: see text] is derived for a nuclear system with a given energy [Formula: see text], neutron [Formula: see text], and proton [Formula: see text] particle numbers, within the semiclassical extended Thomas–Fermi and periodic-orbit theory beyond the Fermi-gas saddle-point method. We obtain [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the modified Bessel function of the entropy [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] is related to the number of integrals of motion, except for the energy [Formula: see text]. For small shell structure contribution one obtains within the micro–macroscopic approximation (MMA) the value of [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text]. In the opposite case of much larger shell structure contributions one finds a larger value of [Formula: see text]. The MMA level density [Formula: see text] reaches the well-known Fermi gas asymptote for large excitation energies, and the finite micro-canonical limit for low excitation energies. Fitting the MMA [Formula: see text] to experimental data on a long isotope chain for low excitation energies, due mainly to the shell effects, one obtains results for the inverse level density parameter [Formula: see text], which differs significantly from that of neutron resonances.
FPGA REALIZATION OF COMPLEX LOGISTIC MAP FRACTAL BEHAVIOR
Authors: ABO-ALNAGA BAHAA-ALDEEN M. , SAID LOBNA A. , MADIAN AHMED H. , RADWAN AHMED G.
Published: November 2021

This paper studies the capability of digital architecture to mimic fractal behavior. As chaotic attractors realized digitally had opened many tracks, digital designs mimicking fractals may ultimately achieve the same. This study is based on a complex single-dimensional discrete chaotic system known as the generalized positive logistic map. The fractals realized from this system are linked to the results of the mathematical analysis to understand the fractal behavior with different variations. A digital hardware architecture manifesting the fractal behavior is achieved on FPGA, showing a fractal entity experimentally. With this digital realization, it is hoped that fractals can follow the example of chaotic attractors digital applications.
PRICING ASIAN OPTIONS WITH CORRELATORS
Authors: LAVAGNINI SILVIA
Published: November 2021

We derive a series expansion by Hermite polynomials for the price of an arithmetic Asian option. This requires the computation of moments and correlators of the underlying asset price which for a polynomial jump–diffusion process are given analytically; hence, no numerical simulation is required to evaluate the series. This allows to derive analytical expressions for the option Greeks. The weight function defining the Hermite polynomials is a Gaussian density with scale [Formula: see text]. We find that the rate of convergence of the series depends on [Formula: see text], for which we prove a lower bound to guarantee convergence. Numerical examples show that the series expansion is accurate but unstable for initial values of the underlying process far from zero, mainly due to rounding errors.
Prediction of Necking Points and Microstructure in Sheet Metal Forming
Authors: Marlapalle Bapurao G. , Hingole Rahulkumar S. , Khan Subim N.
Published: November 2021

The automotive industries are trying to optimize the forming and process parameters to reduce the weight of vehicle. Also, these optimized results are helpful to the manufacturer during decision making, so that overall product development or manufacturing time is reduced. In this paper, comparison of the strain paths, necking and fracture behaviors among the steel materials is performed. In this paper, the formability parameters such as strain path, thinning and contact pressures between die sets are studied. The strain path points are predicted by using FEA simulation in Pamstamp software for AISI304 and AISI409L grade material. The major and minor points are predicted at necking points for various specimens and these points are represented on FLD curve for both the materials. It is observed that AISI304 grade material showed higher formability i.e. 17% higher formability than the AISI409L grade material. The simulated and experimental results showed a closed match with good correlations though the variation between them is nearly 7%. Also, the microstructures are investigated by following standard metallographic process and after investigation it is observed that as the microstructure changes the locations of the deformed sheet parts also get changed.