bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Defining the substrate envelope of SARS-CoV-2 main protease to predict and avoid drug resistance
Authors: Shaqra Ala M. , Zvornicanin Sarah N. , Huang Qiu Yu J. , Lockbaum Gordon J. , Knapp Mark , Tandeske Laura , Bakan David T. , Flynn Julia , Bolon Daniel N. A. , Moquin Stephanie , Dovala Dustin , Kurt Yilmaz Nese , Schiffer Celia A.
Published: June 2022

Coronaviruses can evolve and spread rapidly to cause severe disease morbidity and mortality, as exemplified by SARS-CoV-2 variants of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although currently available vaccines remain mostly effective against SARS-CoV-2 variants, additional treatment strategies are needed. Inhibitors that target essential viral enzymes, such as proteases and polymerases, represent key classes of antivirals. However, clinical use of antiviral therapies inevitably leads to emergence of drug resistance. In this study we implemented a strategy to pre-emptively address drug resistance to protease inhibitors targeting the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2, an essential enzyme that promotes viral maturation. We solved nine high-resolution cocrystal structures of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro bound to substrate peptides and six structures with cleavage products. These structures enabled us to define the substrate envelope of Mpro, map the critical recognition elements, and identify evolutionarily vulnerable sites that may be susceptible to resistance mutations that would compromise binding of the newly developed Mpro inhibitors. Our results suggest strategies for developing robust inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 that will retain longer-lasting efficacy against this evolving viral pathogen.
Cyclic microchip assay for measurement of hundreds of functional proteins in single neurons
Authors: Yang Liwei , Ball Avery , Liu Jesse , Jain Tanya , Li Yue-Ming , Akhter Firoz , Zhu Donghui , Wang Jun
Published: June 2022

Despite the fact that proteins carry out nearly all cellular functions and mark the differences of cells, the existing single-cell tools can only analyze dozens of proteins, a scale far from full characterization of cells and tissue yet. Herein, we present a single-cell cyclic multiplex in situ tagging (CycMIST) technology that affords the comprehensive functional proteome profiling of single cells. We demonstrate the technology by detecting 182 proteins that include surface markers, neuron function proteins, neurodegeneration markers, signaling pathway proteins, and transcription factors. Further studies on cells derived from the 5XFAD mice, an Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) model, validate the utility of our technology and reveal the deep heterogeneity of brain cells. Through comparison with control mouse cells, we have identified differentially expressed proteins in AD pathology. Our technology could offer new insights into cell machinery and thus may advance many fields including drug discovery, molecular diagnostics, and clinical studies.
Distribution equality as an optimal epidemic mitigation strategy
Authors: Hacohen Adar , Cohen Reuven , Efroni Sol , Bachelet Ido , Barzel Baruch
Published: June 2022

Upon the development of a therapeutic, a successful response to a global pandemic relies on efficient worldwide distribution, a process constrained by our global shipping network. Most existing strategies seek to maximize the outflow of the therapeutics, hence optimizing for rapid dissemination. Here we find that this intuitive approach is, in fact, counterproductive. The reason is that by focusing strictly on the quantity of disseminated therapeutics, these strategies disregard the way in which this quantity distributes across destinations. Most crucially—they overlook the interplay of the therapeutic spreading patterns with those of the pathogens. This results in a discrepancy between supply and demand, that prohibits efficient mitigation even under optimal conditions of superfluous flow. To solve this, we design a dissemination strategy that naturally follows the predicted spreading patterns of the pathogens, optimizing not just for supply volume, but also for its congruency with the anticipated demand. Specifically, we show that epidemics spread relatively uniformly across all destinations, prompting us to introduce an equality constraint into our dissemination that prioritizes supply homogeneity. This strategy may, at times, slow down the supply rate in certain locations, however, thanks to its egalitarian nature, which mimics the flow of the pathogens, it provides a dramatic leap in overall mitigation efficiency, potentially saving more lives with orders of magnitude less resources.
Uplink OFDM detection with random multiple access
Authors: Salomon Amir J. , Salomon Benjamin G. , Amrani Ofer
Published: June 2022

Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing with Random multiple access (OFDRMA) is discussed for uplink communications, whereby several active users send information towards a single base-station (BS), while all other users are dormant. Originally, uplink communication methods included sharing the frequency resources among the active users in an orthogonal fashion, i.e., a central unit is required to dynamically allocate the resources. More recently, non-orthogonal methods have arisen, meaning that several active users share the same frequency bins, but they still do require a central unit to dynamically allocate the resources in a uniform (as possible) manner over the available bandwidth. The task and overhead required for managing the frequency allocations among the users can be quite cumbersome. In OFDRMA, the frequency allocations for any user are independent of the frequency allocations for the other users, and independent of which of the other users are currently active. Rather, OFDRMA relies on random, yet predetermined, allocation of frequency bins for each user, known only to that user and the BS. A multi-user detection approach is presented based on a graphical representation of the system. It is shown to provide robustness against the forced randomness of the scheme. Capacity of OFDRMA and its optimization are analyzed and provided in detail. Simulation results are provided for demonstrating the performance attainable with OFDRMA and the proposed detection scheme. Both the capacity and the simulations are compared with modern multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) schemes.
Prognostic value of PD-L1 and Siglec-15 expression in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Ju , Yang Hanshan , Hu Hui , Liu Chao , Wei Min , Zhao Yumei , Chen Yudan , Cui Yongxia , Chen Ping , Xiong Kang , Lu Yun , Yang Hongru , Yang Linglin
Published: June 2022

Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 15 (Siglec-15) might be involved in the activation of important pathways related to tumor immune escape, along with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). Here, we aimed to investigate the correlation between the expression of Siglec-15 and PD-L1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. We determined the expression of PD-L1 via immunohistochemical staining and that of Siglec-15 via immunofluorescence staining in 182 NPC tissue samples. A significant correlation was identified between the PD-L1 and Siglec-15 expression (P = 0.000). Moreover, Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed that PD-L1 expression was associated with improved overall survival (OS) (P = 0.025) and Siglec-15 expression was associated with improved distant failure-free survival (D-FFS) (P = 0.048). Moreover, multivariate Cox analysis showed that PD-L1 and Siglec-15 were independent predictors of OS (P = 0.020) and D-FFS (P = 0.047), respectively. The results of the log-rank test and Cox regression analyses showed that patients exhibiting no PD-L1/Siglec-15 expression had significant advantages regarding OS, compared to other groups (P = 0.037). PD-L1 and Siglec-15 may represent novel biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of NPC patients. Siglec-15 may be considered as a potential target for the development of therapeutics for NPC treatment in the future.
Detection and characterization of latency stage of EBV and histopathological analysis of prostatic adenocarcinoma tissues
Authors: Ahmed Khalid , Sheikh Alisalman , Fatima Saira , Haider Ghulam , Ghias Kulsoom , Abbas Farhat , Mughal Nouman , Abidi Syed Hani
Published: June 2022

The pathophysiology of prostate cancer involves both genetic and acquired factors, including pathogens, such as viruses. A limited number of studies have shown the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in prostate cancer tissues. However, there is a dearth of data exploring EBV latency profile in prostate cancer, and the relationship of EBV with histopathological features of prostate cancer. In this study, prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) samples were screened for the presence of EBV, followed by the characterization of the EBV latency profile and analysis of histopathological parameters in EBV-positive and EBV-negative groups. A conventional PCR strategy was employed using virus-specific primers to screen EBV in 99 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) prostate cancer and 33 BPH samples received for histopathological analysis during the years 2019–2020. Subsequently, cDNA samples were used in a qPCR array to analyze the expression of EBV latency-associated genes to map the latency profile EBV maintains in the samples. Finally, statistical analyses were performed to determine the correlation between EBV and several histopathological features of the samples. EBV was detected in 39% of prostate cancer and 24% of BPH samples. The histopathological analysis of prostate cancer samples identified all samples as prostatic adenocarcinoma of acinar type, while statistical analyses revealed EBV-positive samples to exhibit significantly higher (p < 0.05) Gleason major and total Gleason scores as compared to EBV-negative samples. In the EBV-positive samples, variable expression patterns of latency-associated genes were observed, where most of the samples exhibited EBV latency II/III-like profiles in prostate cancer, while latency-II-like profiles in BPH samples. This study suggests a high prevalence of EBV in prostate samples, where EBV exhibited latency II/III-like profiles. Furthermore, EBV-positive samples exhibited a higher Gleason score suggesting a possible link between EBV and the onset/progression of prostate cancers. However, future functional studies are required to understand the role of the EBV gene expression profile in the onset/progression of prostate cancer.
Natural and anthropogenic factors drive large-scale freshwater fish invasions
Authors: Milardi Marco , Iemma Aaron , Waite Ian R. , Gavioli Anna , Soana Elisa , Castaldelli Giuseppe
Published: June 2022

We analyzed the large-scale drivers of biological invasions using freshwater fish in a Mediterranean country as a test case, and considering the contribution of single species to the overall invasion pattern. Using Boosted Regression Tree (BRT) models, variation partitioning and Redundancy Analysis (RDA), we found that human factors (especially eutrophication) and climate (especially temperature) were significant drivers of overall invasion. Geography was also relevant in BRT and RDA analysis, both at the overall invasion and the single species level. Only variation partitioning suggested that land use was the second most significant driver group, with considerable overlap between different invasion drivers and only land use and human factors standing out for single effects. There was general accordance both between different analyses, and between invasion outcomes at the overall and the species level, as most invasive species share similar ecological traits and prefer lowland river stretches. Human-mediated eutrophication was the most relevant invasion driver, but the role of geography and climate was at least equally important in explaining freshwater fish invasions. Overall, human factors were less prominent than natural factors in driving the spread and prevalence of invasion, and the species spearheading it.
Study on the stability analysis of rainfall slope based on G-A model considering moisture content
Authors: Li Li , Zhao Dongsheng , Ni Bo , Qiang Yue , Liu Gang , Zhou Ling
Published: June 2022

In this paper, the moisture content on the wetting front is obtained by using the Van Genuchten (VG) model of unsaturated soil, and then the distribution of moisture content in the upper part of the wetting front is simplified as a trapezoid. The Green-Ampt (G-A) infiltration model of infinite slope with unsaturated characteristics is derived. The analytical expression of safety coefficient (FOS) of infinite slope with rainfall is solved by combining the limit equilibrium method with the unsaturated soil shear strength theory phase. The results show that: 1) compared with the traditional G-A model and the combined rectangular and 1/4 oval model, the upper part of the wetting front is simplified to a trapezoidal model, which has great advantages in infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration, especially when the slope is large or the rain intensity is heavy; 2) since the distribution of soil moisture content above the wetting front is considered, the matrix suction at the wetting front is not neglected, and the safety coefficient calculated by the method proposed in this paper is closer to the actual situation than the traditional G-A model.
Non-Fourier energy transmission in power-law hybrid nanofluid flow over a moving sheet
Authors: Alhowaity Awatif , Bilal Muhammad , Hamam Haneen , Alqarni M. M. , Mukdasai Kanit , Ali Aatif
Published: June 2022

Ethylene glycol is commonly used as a cooling agent in the engine, therefore the study associated with EG has great importance in engineering and mechanical fields. The hybrid nanofluid has been synthesized by adding copper and graphene nanoparticles into the Ethylene glycol, which obeys the power-law rheological model and exhibits shear rate-dependent viscosity. As a result of these features, the power-law model is utilized in conjunction with thermophysical characteristics and basic rules of heat transport in the fluid to simulate the physical situations under consideration. The Darcy Forchhemier hybrid nanofluid flow has been studied under the influence of heat source and magnetic field over a two-dimensionally stretchable moving permeable surface. The phenomena are characterized as a nonlinear system of PDEs. Using resemblance replacement, the modeled equations are simplified to a nondimensional set of ODEs. The Parametric Continuation Method has been used to simulate the resulting sets of nonlinear differential equations. Figures and tables depict the effects of physical constraints on energy, velocity and concentration profiles. It has been noted that the dispersion of copper and graphene nanoparticulate to the base fluid ethylene glycol significantly improves velocity and heat conduction rate over a stretching surface.
National high prevalence, and low awareness, treatment and control of dyslipidaemia among people aged 15–69 years in Mongolia in 2019
Authors: Pengpid Supa , Peltzer Karl
Published: June 2022

The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence, distribution and correlates of dyslipidaemia among people (15–69 years) in Mongolia. National data were analyzed from 4,895 individuals (15–69 years, median age = 35 years) that took part in the Mongolia cross-sectional STEPS survey in 2019, and had complete lipid measurements. Dyslipidaemia was defined using the guidelines of the Adult Treatment Panel III. The prevalence of dyslipidaemia was 58.6%, 31.7% high triglycerides (TG), 26.9% high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), 26.9% high total cholesterol (TC) and 14.6% low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Among those with dyslipidaemia, 6.2% were aware. Among those who were aware, the proportion of lipid-lowering drug treatment was 18.9% and among those who took lipid-lowering drugs, 21.5% had their dyslipidaemia controlled. In adjusted logistic regression, older age (40–69 years) (AOR: 1.19, 95% CI 1.02–1.40), urban residence (AOR: 1.24, 95% CI 1.04–1.48), obesity call II (AOR: 2.89, 95% CI 2.29–3.66), hypertension (AOR: 1.33, 95% CI 1.11–1.59), and diabetes (AOR: 1.62, 95% CI 1.20–2.18) were positively, and male sex (AOR: 0.84, 95% CI 0.72–1.00) was negatively associated with dyslipidaemia prevalence. Six in ten Mongolians 15 years and older had dyslipidaemia. Several factors associated with dyslipidaemia that can be used to target public health interventions were identified.
Psoas muscle index and psoas muscle density as predictors of mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis
Authors: Yajima Takahiro , Arao Maiko , Yajima Kumiko
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to investigate the associations of computed tomography (CT)-measured psoas muscle index (PMI: psoas muscle area normalized by height) and psoas muscle density (PMD: average of bilateral psoas muscle CT values [Hounsfield unit (HU)]) with mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis. We included 188 hemodialysis patients who underwent abdominal CT. PMI and PMD were measured at the third lumbar vertebral level. We found that PMI and PMD were independently associated with the geriatric nutritional risk index and log C-reactive protein, respectively. The optimal cut-off values of PMI and PMD for men and women were 3.39 cm2/m2 and 41.6 HU, and 2.13 cm2/m2 and 37.5 HU, respectively. During follow-up (median 3.5 years), 69 patients died. Lower PMI and lower PMD were independently associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 2.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14–3.68; aHR 3.67, 95% CI 2.04–6.60), respectively]. The aHR for lower PMI and lower PMD vs. higher PMI and higher PMD was 5.34 (95% CI 2.38–11.97). The addition of PMI and PMD to the risk model significantly improved C-index from 0.775 to 0.893 (p < 0.00001). The combination of PMI and PMD may improve mortality prediction in patients undergoing hemodialysis.
DNA-catalysed alternative RNA splicing
Authors: Wei Dongying , Gao Mingmei , Guo Jiajie , Wang Yueyao , Li Xintong , Li Zhe , Yu Hanyang
Published: June 2022

DNA can catalyse alternative RNA splicing reactionsin vitro, and modulate RNA structure and function.
Catalytic machinery in motion: controlling catalysis via speed
Authors: Elramadi Emad , Ghosh Amit , Valiyev Isa , Biswas Pronay Kumar , Paululat Thomas , Schmittel Michael
Published: June 2022

The speed and catalytic activity (with regard to a click reaction) of slider-on-deck systems, in which a biped exchanges between three copper(i) centres, is regulated by addition of brake stones.
Extended quasiparticle approach to non-resonant and resonant X-ray emission spectroscopy
Authors: Ohno Kaoru , Aoki Tsubasa
Published: June 2022

X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) are good target of extended quasiparticle theory which is applicable to any initial excited eigenstate. Application of GW with/without BSE is guaranteed by this theory.
Design strategies for markedly enhancing energy efficiency in the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction
Authors: Lai Wenchuan , Qiao Yan , Zhang Jiawei , Lin Zhiqun , Huang Hongwen
Published: June 2022

The review summarizes the recent strategies to improve energy efficiency of CO2 electroreduction, a guiding metric for industrial application and economic feasibility, with emphasis on designing remarkable catalyst and advanced electrolysis system.
Methanol synthesis from CO2and H2using supported Pd alloy catalysts
Authors: Lawes Naomi , Gow Isla E. , Smith Louise R. , Aggett Kieran J. , Hayward James S. , Kabalan Lara , Logsdail Andrew J. , Slater Thomas J. A. , Dearg Malcolm , Morgan David J. , Dummer Nicholas F. , Taylor Stuart H. , Bowker Michael , Catlow C. Richard A. , Hutchings Graham J.
Published: June 2022

We prepare a number of Pd based catalysts for the hydrogenation of CO2to methanol, to explore Pd alloys under reaction conditions. HRTEM and EDX maps show element distribution for the PdZn/Ga2O3catalyst.
Adsorption of nitrate from water by quaternized chitosan wrinkled microspheres@MgFe-LDH core–shell composite
Authors: Bian Jumeng , Zhu Qi , Wang Aiwen , Sun Yue , Pang Kai , Li Xiao , Lang Ze
Published: June 2022

A new core–shell composite (GCS@CTA@MgFe-LDHs) was prepared to remove nitrate from water.
NIR-responsive MoS2–Cu2WS4 nanosheets for catalytic/photothermal therapy of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections
Authors: Yang Kaili , Xiu Weijun , Li Yuqing , Wang Dou , Wen Qirui , Yuwen Lihui , Li Xiao , Yin Zhaowei , Liang Bin , Wang Lianhui
Published: June 2022

NIR light responsive MoS2–Cu2WS4 nanosheets (MS–CWS NSs) were prepared to effectively treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections by photothermal effect enhanced catalytic generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
Confinement induces stable calcium carbonate formation in silica nanopores
Authors: Asgar Hassnain , Mohammed Sohaib , Gadikota Greeshma
Published: June 2022

Confinement mediates the formation of calcite preferentially over metastable carbonate phases due to the presence of fewer water molecules in the first hydration shell of calcium ions in confined fluids compared to in bulk fluids.
Antibacterial metal-phenolic nanosheets as smart carriers for the controlled release of epirubicin hydrochloride
Authors: Ha Wei , Yang Jun-Li , Shi Yan-Ping
Published: June 2022

Epirubicin-loaded Cu–TA nanosheets with synergistic antitumor and antibacterial effects have been developed to avoid the impact of bacteria on anticancer drugs.
A one-pot synthesis of PEGylated plasmonic WO3−x@Eugenol nanoflowers with NIR-controllable antioxidant activities for synergetically combating bacterial biofilm infection
Authors: Xie Xianghong , Zhang Mingyu , Lei Yulu , Li Ying , Sun Jing , Sattorov Nosirjon , Makhmudov Kamoljon Burkhonovich , Zhu Ming-Qiang , Wang Jianlong
Published: June 2022

Schematic diagram of dual treatment of bacterial infection.
Autocatalytic aerobic ipso-hydroxylation of arylboronic acid with Hantzsch ester and Hantzsch pyridine
Authors: Fan Chi-Hang , Xu Tianyue , Ke Zhihai , Yeung Ying-Yeung
Published: June 2022

ipso-Hydroxylation of arylboronic acids with Hantzsch ester has been developed. The by-product Hantzsch pyridine was found to promote the reaction in the presence of oxygen under ambient conditions.
Covalent organic frameworks and multicomponent reactions: an endearing give-and-take relationship
Authors: Yazdani Hossein , Hooshmand Seyyed Emad , Varma Rajender S.
Published: June 2022

MCRs as privileged and practical synthetic route, have been deployed for preparation of COFs. Subsequently, proficient COFs as robust catalysts have been employed for the sustainable MCRs.
Total synthesis of the indolocarbazole alkaloid ZHD-0501 and its seven isomers
Authors: Wang Liping , Zhang Yapeng , Xu Zhihong , Li Jing , Zhu Weiming
Published: June 2022

An indolocarbazole alkaloid, ZHD-0501 (1), and its 7 stereoisomers (2–8) were totally synthesized from d/l-glucose and 2,3-dibromomaleimide in 22 step reactions, and the absolute configuration of ZHD-0501 was confirmed for the first time.
A carbon dot-based metal-free photocatalyst enables O2 to serve as both a reactant and electron sink for enhancing H2O2 photoproduction
Authors: Wang Jiaxuan , Liu Yan , Han Yidong , Bao Kaili , He Tiwei , Huang Hui , Liu Yang , Kang Zhenhui
Published: June 2022

O2 serves as both a reactant and an electron sink to enhance the H2O2 production in the photocatalytic process with this the novel photocatalyst.
CORM-3 induces DNA damage through Ru(II) binding to DNA
Authors: Lyon Rhiannon F. , Southam Hannah M. , Trevitt Clare R. , Liao Chunyan , El-Khamisy Sherif F. , Poole Robert K. , Williamson Mike P.
Published: June 2022

When the ‘CO-releasing molecule-3’, CORM-3 (Ru(CO)3Cl(glycinate)), is dissolved in water it forms a range of ruthenium complexes. These are taken up by cells and bind to intracellular ligands, notably thiols such as cysteine and glutathione, where the Ru(II) reaches high intracellular concentrations. Here, we show that the Ru(II) ion also binds to DNA, at exposed guanosine N7 positions. It therefore has a similar cellular target to the anticancer drug cisplatin, but not identical, because Ru(II) shows no evidence of forming intramolecular crossbridges in the DNA. The reaction is slow, and with excess Ru, intermolecular DNA crossbridges are formed. The addition of CORM-3 to human colorectal cancer cells leads to strand breaks in the DNA, as assessed by the alkaline comet assay. DNA damage is inhibited by growth media containing amino acids, which bind to extracellular Ru and prevent its entry into cells. We conclude that the cytotoxicity of Ru(II) is different from that of platinum, making it a promising development target for cancer therapeutics.
Onset Asynchrony: Cue to Aid Dichotic Vowel Segregation in Listeners With Normal Hearing and Hearing Loss
Authors: Eddolls Morgan S. , Molis Michelle R. , Reiss Lina A. J.
Published: June 2022

Purpose:

The effect of onset asynchrony on dichotic vowel segregation and identification in normal-hearing (NH) and hearing-impaired (HI) listeners was examined. We hypothesized that fusion would decrease and identification performance would improve with increasing onset asynchrony. Additionally, we hypothesized that HI listeners would gain more benefit from onset asynchrony.

Method:

A total of 18 adult subjects (nine NH, nine HI) participated. Testing included dichotic presentation of synthetic vowels, /i/, /u/, /a/, and /ae/. Vowel pairs were presented with the same or different fundamental frequency (
f
o
;
f
o
= 106.9, 151.2, or 201.8 Hz) across the two ears and one onset asynchrony of 0, 1, 2, 4, 10, or 20 ms throughout a block (one block = 80 runs). Subjects identified the one or two vowels that they perceived on a touchscreen. Subjects were not informed that two vowels were always presented or that there was onset asynchrony.

Results:

The effect of onset asynchrony on fusion and vowel identification was greatest in both groups when Δ
f
o
= 0 Hz. Mean fusion scores across increasing onset asynchronies differed significantly between the two groups with HI listeners exhibiting less fusion across pooled Δ
f
o
. There was no significant difference with identification performance.

Conclusions:

As onset asynchrony increased, dichotic vowel fusion decreased and identification performance improved. Onset asynchrony exerted a greater effect on fusion and identification of vowels when Δ
f
o
= 0, especially in HI listeners. Therefore, the temporal cue promotes segregation in both groups of listeners, especially in HI listeners when the
f
o
cue was unavailable.
Evidence on impacts of automated vehicles on traffic flow efficiency and emissions: Systematic review
Authors: Aittoniemi Elina
Published: June 2022

Despite high expectations of driving automation improving road traffic, its practical implications on traffic flow and emissions are not yet definite. This study systematically reviewed literature on practical impacts of non‐connected automation of passenger cars on motorway traffic efficiency. A conceptual framework showed the importance of understanding interactions between vehicles, both human‐driven and automated, but they are not yet sufficiently known and reproduced by traffic models. Field studies have focused on equipped vehicles. Simulation studies have used different models and assumptions, narrow fleet compositions and road layouts, and covered the theoretical potential in ideal conditions rather than likely impacts in practice. Simulations with automated vehicle time gaps below 1.2 s have found throughput increases, but recent field experiments and simulations using commercial ACC vehicles indicate decreased traffic flow efficiency with increasing traffic volumes and penetration rates. Concluding implications for real traffic from available data is challenging. While benefits are possible for equipped vehicles in low traffic, results suggest negative implications for throughput and emissions at higher traffic volumes. Importantly, more differentiated discussion on the impacts of automated vehicles on traffic flow is needed, considering also the practical implications, such as tradeoffs with safety goals, if benefits are to be achieved.
Differential mode noise modelling and analysis through high‐frequency equivalent circuit of a single‐phase inverter
Authors: Kim Woojung , Seng Chhaya , Seo Joungjin , Cha Hanju
Published: June 2022

This paper proposes the prediction method of differential mode noise transmitted to the input power of a single‐phase inverter in a high‐frequency model. A high‐frequency equivalent circuit considering the parasitic impedance is proposed. This paper presents a method to measure the parasitic impedance included in the DC link capacitor and insulated‐gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) using a network analyser and extract the parasitic impedance included in the DC bus plate and PCB using Q3D. A mathematical analysis is proposed by applying the double integral Fourier form to the current noise sources, and a method for obtaining differential‐mode noise by analysing the impedance path is proposed. The switching of IGBT is modelled as the noise current source that reflects the pulse width modulation (PWM) duty change using the double integral Fourier form. The impedance path of differential mode noise transmitted to the input is mathematically analysed. The differential mode noise affecting the input is modelled by multiplying the impedance path and the noise source current. The validity of the proposed high‐frequency equivalent circuit and the mathematical analysis is verified by the less than 5% error in the resonant frequency of the derived differential mode noise voltage and the resonant frequency measured experimentally.
Towards the industrialisation of quantum key distribution in communication networks: A short survey
Authors: Liu Ruiqi , Rozenman Georgi Gary , Kundu Neel Kanth , Chandra Daryus , De Debashis
Published: June 2022

Quantum information and communication technology will lead us to the new era of ultra‐fast and absolute‐secure networks. With the emergence of quantum supremacy on the horizon, the security of various classical encryption systems soon may be deemed obsolete. As a remedy, quantum key distribution (QKD) is proposed as a novel quantum‐based secret keys exchange, which is developed to solve the problems of legacy encryption. It is anticipated that QKD will provide stronger security for future communication systems even in the presence of malicious quantum attacks. As the QKD research and development is getting mature, the theoretical use cases of QKD in various industries are proliferating. In this treatise, we summarise the potential applications of QKD for future communication technology while highlighting the ongoing standardisation efforts essential for the sustainability and reliability of the near‐future deployment. Additionally, we also present the various challenges faced by both discrete variable and continuous variable QKD schemes hindering their widespread implementation into our future communication networks.
Optimized design of power loops for virtual synchronous generator to enhance transient stability
Authors: Zou Xudong , Zhong Xuejiao , Zhu Donghai , Fan Liuyang , Wen Tiliang , Kang Yong
Published: June 2022

Virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control is an attractive method to solve the stability issues of future renewables (e.g. photovoltaic [PV])‐dominated power system. Unfortunately, a VSG is prone to transient instability under grid faults, and the existing work ignores the instability issues caused by current limitation and reactive power loop (RPL). To tackle with the problem, this article analyzes the transient stability of VSG considering the impact of current limitation and RPL. It indicates that the roots of transient instability can be attributed to two aspects, that is, (1) the positive feedback and continuous phase angle integration in active power loop (APL) which are caused by the P‐f control structure, (2) the decline of active power transfer limit which is caused by the Qvsg‐vcd‐iod‐Pvsg control structure. Based on it, an optimized VSG control method is proposed to improve the transient stability, by optimizing the design of power loops for VSG. Compared with other stability control methods, the proposed method avoids the use of frequency detection, and it is simple in design and implementation. Finally, the proposed method is validated by the experiments.
Analysis of ENRESA BWR samples: nuclide inventory and decay heat
Authors: Rochman Dimitri , Vasiliev Alexander , Ferroukhi Hakim , Muñoz Ana , Antolin Miriam Vazquez , Torres Marta Berrios , Sanchez Carlos Casado , Simeonov Teodosi , Shama Ahmed
Published: June 2022

In this paper the isotopic compositions from 8 Boiling Water Reactor samples are analyzed following different irradiation assumptions as well as different simulation tools. These samples are part of a proprietary experimental program by a Spanish consortium, and they were obtained from a GE14 assembly irradiated in Sweden. Calculated nuclide concentrations are compared with measured ones providing biases for a selection of isotopes and samples; calculated uncertainties are also provided. Finally, the decay heat from one the sample segment is calculated and compared among the different simulation assumptions. It is shown that depending on the considered nuclear data library and modeling, different contributors affect the calculated quantities, indicating a certain level of prediction power.
Zur Praxis der Achtsamkeit in Prophylaxe und Therapie chronischer Schmerzen
Authors: Lucius Harald
Published: June 2022

Achtsamkeitsbasierte Verfahren spielen in der Prophylaxe und Therapie chronischer Schmerzen eine bedeutende Rolle. Zahlreiche Studien belegen bei allerdings noch recht geringer Evidenz, dass ein regelmäßiges Meditationstraining zur Verbesserung vor allem schmerzkomorbider Parameter wie Depressivität, Angst, Stress und anderer lebensbeeinträchtigender Faktoren führt und so zu einer deutlich besseren Akzeptanz des Schmerzerlebens. Insbesondere ist im Rahmen der Prophylaxe die Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) weit verbreitet und wird von zahlreichen Menschen genutzt. Achtsamkeitspraktiken führen auf diese Weise zu einer deutlichen Verbesserung der Lebensqualität, der Akzeptanz und der sozialen Teilhabe, lindern Schmerzen, Leid und chronischen Stress. Dies gilt besonders für die im therapeutischen Kontext angewendeten Verfahren.
Angeborene Fehlbildungen von Nieren und Harntrakt (CAKUT)
Authors: Kohl Stefan
Published: June 2022

Angeborene Fehlbildungen der Nieren und des Harntrakts (CAKUT: „congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract“) sind die häufigste Ursache für eine terminale Niereninsuffizenz im Kindesalter. Knapp die Hälfte der pädiatrischen Patient*innen mit einer chronischen Nierenerkrankung haben CAKUT. Insbesondere die bilaterale Nierendysplasie ist eine Diagnose, die mit einem hohen Risiko für eine terminale Niereninsuffizenz einhergeht und deshalb besondere Aufmerksamkeit verdient. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über pathogenetische Grundprinzipien von CAKUT im Lichte molekulargenetischer Erkenntnisse der letzten Jahre. Anschließend wird näher auf den klinisch relevanten CAKUT-Phänotyp der bilateralen Nierendysplasie eingegangen. Im Mittelpunkt steht das klinische Management der bilateralen Nierendysplasie, das, angefangen bei der Definition der Diagnose, bisher wenig standardisiert ist und dessen Therapie auf Expertenmeinungen beruht. Abschließend wird ein Ausblick skizziert über molekulare Erkenntnisse und wie sie für die Betreuung betroffener Patient*innen und Familien in der Zukunft genutzt werden könnten und welche Fragestellungen Gegenstand weiterer Forschung sein könnten.
Akute und chronische Rückenschmerzen aus Sicht der Traditionellen Chinesischen Medizin
Authors: Bürklin Sandra
Published: June 2022

Akute und chronische Rückenschmerzen stellen in Deutschland die häufigste Gesundheitsbeeinträchtigung dar – und die Prävalenzen steigen weiter durch die meist sitzenden Tätigkeiten, denen der Großteil der Menschen nachgeht. Die Traditionelle Chinesische Medizin therapiert anhand ihres 5-Säulen-Modells und zeigt große Erfolge bei der Behandlung von Rückenschmerzen, vor allem wenn die Patienten noch selbstständig Übungen aus dem Qigong oder Taiji durchführen sowie ihren Lebensstil und ihre Ernährung anpassen. Je nach Ursachen und Begleitsymptomen werden Rückenschmerzen in der Traditionellen Chinesischen Medizin unterschiedlich behandelt.
Blutegeltherapie und Cantharidenpflaster
Authors: Schmidt Robert
Published: June 2022

Die Behandlung mit Blutegeln und Cantharidenpflaster stellt eine sinnvolle komplementärmedizinische Option im Rahmen eines individuellen integrativen Behandlungskonzepts dar. Seit den 1970er-Jahren erfährt die Blutegeltherapie wieder großes Interesse durch beachtliche Erfolge im Rahmen eines naturheilkundlich-schmerztherapeutischen Ansatzes, die von mehreren wissenschaftlichen Studien in ihrer Wirksamkeit bestätigt wurden. Wenn auch gewisse Kontraindikationen und ein geringes Nebenwirkungsspektrum bestehen, übersteigt die Wirksamkeit der Blutegel alle anderen bisher bekannten Therapien vielfach. Im Vergleich zur Blutegeltherapie ist beim Cantharidenpflaster die Studienlage zwar deutlich dünner, bewährt hat es sich jedoch bei chronischen Beschwerden der Wirbelsäule und der Gelenke, auch wenn deren moderne Indikationsbereiche nicht nur auf diese Beschwerdebilder beschränkt sind.
Hyperthermie – eine Behandlungsmöglichkeit bei Long-Covid?
Authors: Stange Rainer
Published: June 2022

Erschöpfung sowie chronische Entzündungsprozesse sind häufige Symptome von Long-Covid. Die Hyperthermie wurde bereits auf ihre entzündungshemmenden Effekte bei Erkrankungen wie Rheuma oder Psoriasis-Arthritis erprobt. Die bisherigen klinischen Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass Hyperthermie auch bei Long-Covid-Patienten eine Behandlungsoption darstellt, insbesondere wenn bei den Betroffenen eine chronisch-entzündliche Komponente nachgewiesen ist.
Mehrwert einer Angehörigen-Schulung
Authors: Fabisch Gottlobe
Published: June 2022

Die psychosozialen Folgen einer Diabeteserkrankung beeinflussen nicht nur die Patient*innen selbst, sondern auch deren Familie und Freundeskreis. Während die strukturierte Patientenschulung in Deutschland integraler Bestandteil der Diabetestherapie ist, sind Angehörige meist keine Nutznießer der Vorteile einer bedarfsorientierten Diabetesschulung. DiaLife ist das erste Schulungsprogramm, das die psychosozialen Belastungen und den Informationsbedarf der Angehörigen von erwachsenen Menschen mit Diabetes adressiert. Die Wirksamkeit der Angehörigen-Schulung wurde jüngst durch eine Evaluationsstudie belegt.
Das RSP-Dialysegerät
Authors: Brunner Jürgen
Published: June 2022

Bis Ende der 1960er-Jahre entwickelte die Fa. Travenol ihre Tankniere (siehe Artikel in Dialyse aktuell 4/22 1) weiter fort. Es entstand ein schon kompaktes Gerät (
Abb. 1
), das aber weiterhin von einem 120-Liter-Dialysattank versorgt wurde.
Förderpreis Nephrologische Pflege 2022
Authors: Schäfer Christian
Published: June 2022

Die Thieme Gruppe schreibt im Jahr 2022 wieder den Förderpreis Nephrologische Pflege aus und stiftet das Preisgeld von 1500 Euro.
Adipositas und Typ-2-Diabetes im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Pappa Angeliki
Published: June 2022

Übergewicht, Adipositas und die assoziierten Folgeerkrankungen sind ein ernstzunehmendes Problem für die Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen. Bereits jetzt ist jedes 6. Kind in Deutschland übergewichtig oder adipös. Die Folgen sind häufig Leid für die Betroffenen und ihre Familien und Belastungen für das Gesundheitssystem durch nachfolgende Krankheiten wie Bluthochdruck, metabolisches Syndrom auch mit Fettlebererkrankung und Typ-2-Diabetes. Auf diese Entwicklung wirkte die Corona-Pandemie unter mehreren Aspekten als Beschleuniger.
Übertherapie vermeiden – Verschreibungsverhalten anpassen!
Authors: Schikora Stephanie
Published: June 2022

In Pflegeheimen – aber nicht nur dort – leben viele Patienten mit Typ-2-Diabetes, die wahrscheinlich nicht von einer strengen Blutzuckerkontrolle profitieren, gleichzeitig aber ein hohes Hypoglykämierisiko haben. Die aktuellen Leitlinien empfehlen, bei diesen Patienten eine weniger aggressive glykämische Kontrolle mit einem HbA1c-Zielwert von 7,5–9 % anzustreben. In vielen Fällen wird eine solche „Deintensivierung“ der Therapie jedoch nicht umgesetzt.
Gender Dysphoria Publication Trends: A Bibliometric Analysis between 1900 and 2018
Authors: Fernandez Nicolas , Zuluaga Laura , Paris Gabriela , Norato María Juana , Silva José Miguel , Pérez Jaime
Published: June 2022

Objective Research on gender dysphoria (GD) has been growing over the last decades with increasing interest in understanding and characterizing the causal relationships between psychological, genetics, hormonal, and sociocultural factors. Changes and acceptance of this condition as non-pathologic have led to significant changes in general perspective and its management over time. Our objective is to carry out a bibliometric analysis to know the publication trends and quality of evidence related to gender dysphoria.

Methods A systematic search and critical review of the literature was carried out between January 1900 and December 2018 to perform a bibliometric analysis. Research was done in the following databases: OVID, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar. The medical subject headings (MeSh) terms used were: gender dysphoria; and surgery and psychology. The results were plotted using the VOSviewer version 1.6.8. Statistical analyses were performed with the IBM SPSS, Version 25.0.

Results A total of 1,239 manuscripts were identified, out of which 1,041 were selected. The average number of cited times per year per manuscript is 1.84 (interquartile range [IQR] 0-2.33). The average impact index was 47.8 (IQR 20-111.6). The median of total citations per manuscript was 3 (IQR 0-33.1), and the highest number of citations per manuscript was 484. Most publications focus on the psychological aspects of GD, and there is a significant amount of manuscripts related to social and anthropological issues. Most articles have a low level of scientific evidence.

Conclusion There is a great amount of published literature on GD; however, there is a significant level of disagreement in many respects on this topic. Regarding surgical gender-affirmation, there is a lack of information supported by high level of evidence to uphold the emerging expansion of medical practices.
Comparative Study of Cytokeratin Immunostaining of Parotid Gland Parenchyma in Normal, Diabetic, and Excretory Duct Ligation of Mongrel Dogs
Authors: Hassan Sherif Sayed , Alqahtani Mashael Saeed
Published: June 2022

Objectives The present study aimed to give a glimpse of the normal distribution of intermediate filaments within the parotid gland parenchyma of mongrel dogs and to reveal the pathological changes that may occur as a result of the effects of diabetes mellitus or atrophy of the gland caused by the ligation of the excretory duct to discover whether there is a similarity in these pathological behaviors.

Materials and Methods Twelve healthy mongrel dogs were used in the experiment and were divided into three groups: group I (the control group), group II (dogs with alloxan-induced diabetes), and group III (dogs with the right-side duct-ligated parotid gland). The dogs were sacrificed 45 days after the parotid excretory duct were tied. The right parotid gland of all groups was dissected and prepared for histological and immunohistochemical expression of cytokeratin 17 assay.

Results Histological findings confirmed that the parotid gland parenchyma of the diabetic group had glandular atrophy characterized by the loss of gland structure, degenerated acini, and dilatation of the duct system. Moreover, there is a predominance of the fibrous component with the presence of fat cells within the gland compartments. On the contrary, the excretory duct-ligated group undergoes severe glandular atrophy of the previous character with the presence of duct-like structure as well as extravasation and vasodilatation. Immunohistochemical expression of cytokeratin 17 in control parotid using an immunoperoxidase technique showed that cytokeratin expression varies from negative to mild in all ducts and some serous acinar cells. The gland parenchyma of the diabetic group showed mild to strong cytokeratin expression of duct cells more concentrated in the apical part with moderate to strong expression of diffuse type in some serous acini. The intensity of cytokeratin 17 in gland compartments of the excretory duct-ligated group revealed a variation in expression that ranged from negative to strong diffuse staining throughout the gland.

Conclusion The severity and prevalence of cytokeratin 17 in our results are predictive of the pathological influence of both diabetes mellitus and duct ligation on the cytokeratin intracellular filaments of the salivary gland parenchyma in a different way that interferes with saliva production and/or secretion leading to xerostomia.
Emergence of debubblers in microfluidics: A critical review
Authors: Yang Mingpeng , Sun Nan , Luo Yong , Lai Xiaochen , Li Peiru , Zhang Zhenyu
Published: June 2022

Bubbles in microfluidics—even those that appear to be negligibly small—are pervasive and responsible for the failure of many biological and chemical experiments. For instance, they block current conduction, damage cell membranes, and interfere with detection results. To overcome this unavoidable and intractable problem, researchers have developed various methods for capturing and removing bubbles from microfluidics. Such methods are multifarious and their working principles are very different from each other. In this review, bubble-removing methods are divided into two broad categories: active debubblers (that require external auxiliary equipment) and passive debubblers (driven by natural processes). In each category, three main types of methods are discussed along with their advantages and disadvantages. Among the active debubblers, those assisted by lasers, acoustic generators, and negative pressure pumps are discussed. Among the passive debubblers, those driven by buoyancy, the characteristics of gas–liquid interfaces, and the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of materials are discussed. Finally, the challenges and prospects of the bubble-removal technologies are reviewed to refer researchers to microfluidics and inspire further investigations in this field.
Single-detector black phosphorus monolithic spectrometer with high spectral and temporal resolution
Authors: Zheng Binjie , Wang Junzhuan , Huang Tianye , Su Xin , Shi Yi , Wang Xiaomu
Published: June 2022

The emerging bandgap-tunable black phosphorous (BP) is a promising material for a compact spectrometer. Here, we report a BP based single-detector monolithic spectrometer operated at broadband mid-infrared. We found that, compared to the spectrally tunable photoresponses of a dual-gate BP transistor, its first deviate to the electric field is more electrostatic-displacement sensitive. This photocurrent deviates as a function of the wavenumber, and electrical gating presents a neat diagonal matrix form, which enables reconstructing the light spectrum with unprecedented spectral and temporal resolutions of ∼2 cm−1 and 2 ms, respectively. We accordingly demonstrated a dynamic on-chip molecular fingerprint analysis.