bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the Diversity of Bacterial Communities in the Rhizosphere Soils of Different Wild Celery Species in Jilin Province
Authors: Chen Shanshan , Zou Yan , Zhao Chunbo , Liu Shuang , Yu Yue , Jiang Junhai , Zou Yue , Qiao Jianlei
Published: August 2024

The bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil of plants facilitate the cycling of nutrient elements in the rhizosphere and regulate soil fertility. By analyzing the microecological structure of rhizosphere soil surrounding wild celery, we can provide a basis for the bionic cultivation of wild celery. In this experiment, rhizosphere soil samples from various wild celery varieties in Jilin Province were used as test materials, and high-throughput sequencing was employed to analyze and compare the rhizosphere bacterial community structures of these samples. After screening and removing chimeric sequences, a total of 1,020,108 high-quality sequences were obtained. Species classification results revealed that these bacteria encompassed 60 phyla, 183 classes, 431 orders, 702 families, and 1619 genera. There were certain differences in the composition and structure of bacterial communities among different rhizosphere soil samples. According to the richness indices, the performance order among samples was Tonghua water celery > Linjiang large-leaf celery > Linjiang old mountain celery > Tonghua large-leaf celery > Jiangyuan large-leaf celery > Tonghua old mountain celery > Linjiang water celery > artificially cultivated wild large-leaf celery > Huadian large-leaf celery > Huadian small-leaf celery > Dongfeng water celery > Jiangyuan old mountain celery. Among all bacterial communities, Pseudomonadota (37.79–22.48%) had the highest relative abundance across different regions, followed by Acidobacteriota (17.97–13.51%). RDA analysis indicated that soil pH, available phosphorus, available potassium, and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen in the celery rhizosphere were the primary factors influencing changes in bacterial communities. Based on the experimental analysis, it was demonstrated that there were differences in rhizosphere soil bacterial community diversity and composition among Tonghua large-leaf celery, Linjiang large-leaf celery, Jiangyuan large-leaf celery, Huadian large-leaf celery, Tonghua old mountain celery, Linjiang old mountain celery, Jiangyuan old mountain celery, Tonghua water celery, Linjiang water celery, Dongfeng water celery, Huadian small-leaf celery, and artificially cultivated wild large-leaf celery in Jilin Province.
Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Effects of Exogenous Gibberellin on the Germination of Solanum torvum Seeds
Authors: Wu Saimei , Si Qidong , Yang Kejie , Zhang Wenwei , Zhang Laining , Okita Thomas W. , Yan Yanyan , Tian Li
Published: August 2024

Solanum torvum, a wild relative of eggplant in the Solanaceae family, is widely used as a rootstock to prevent various soil-borne diseases. Despite this valued trait, S. torvum seeds exhibit strong seed dormancy, resulting in low-frequency germination and uneven emergence rates during agricultural production. In this study, exogenous gibberellin (GA) was applied to induce the germination of seeds, thereby enabling the application of transcriptome analysis to explore the effects of exogenous GA on germination. A total of 9723 genes were identified to be involved in GA-induced germination of S. torvum seeds. These GA-associated genes were enriched in amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, glycolysis, the citrate cycle, pyruvate metabolism, hormone biosynthesis, and signaling transduction. Further analysis of these genes reveals that exogenous GA impaired the endogenous biosynthesis of GA. Analysis of the 285 key genes influenced by GA, auxin, abscisic acid (ABA), and other hormones suggests mutual crosstalk in the signaling of various hormones, enabling the joint regulation of the germination of S. torvum seeds. Additionally, a total of 440 genes encoding transcription factors were identified to be responsible for transcriptional reprogramming during GA-induced seed germination, and putative candidate genes responsible for S. torvum seed dormancy and germination, including ABI5, DOG1, DRM1, LEC1, and PIF, were significantly down-regulated in germinated S. torvum seeds. These findings provide the first insights into transcriptome regulation during GA-induced germination of S. torvum seeds.
Public Attitudes towards and Management Strategies for Community Cats in Urban China
Authors: Gu Xuan , Wu Di , Zhang Zilin , Peng Guo , Ni Anru , Wang Bo , Xiong Xiufan , Liu Yujie , Wang Li
Published: August 2024

Managing community cats in urban China is a contentious and emerging issue, with debates centering on the most effective and humane approaches. This study aimed to investigate public attitudes towards community cats and various management strategies. A survey was conducted involving 5382 urban residents in China. Their attitudes towards the positive and negative roles of community cats in urban areas and their support for different management methods were examined, including trap-and-kill, taking no action, centralized management, and trap–neuter–return (TNR) and its variations. Results indicated that 63% of participants were willing to coexist with community cats, 71% opposed trap-and-kill, and 61% agreed or strongly agreed with the TNR method and its variations. Older residents or those with higher incomes were more likely to support coexistence with community cats. In contrast, younger or lower-income residents were more likely to support non-coexistence. Residents in first- or second-tier cities (e.g., Beijing, Hangzhou, and Jinan Cities in China) were more inclined to support trap-and-kill and less likely to support coexistence than their counterparts in fourth-tier cities (e.g., county-level cities in China). Moreover, those with lower education or incomes were more supportive of trap-and-kill and taking no action as the methods to manage community cats than those with relatively higher education or incomes. Those with higher incomes held more positive attitudes towards community cats and were more supportive of TNR and its variations than their counterparts with lower incomes. Males were more inclined to support trap-and-kill and taking no action and less inclined to support centralized management and TNR than females. The implications of the findings on TNR with adoption programs in urban China are discussed. These novel findings underscore the need for targeted educational campaigns to promote humane and effective management strategies, addressing public concerns and community cats’ welfare. The study’s insights are critical for informing policy and improving community cat management in urban China.
Associations between Ultrasonographically Diagnosed Lung Lesions, Clinical Parameters and Treatment Frequency in Veal Calves in an Austrian Fattening Farm
Authors: Hoffelner Julia , Peinhopf-Petz Walter , Wittek Thomas
Published: August 2024

This study evaluated the significance and predictive value of ultrasonographic and physical examination on arrival at an Austrian fattening farm. Treatment frequency and average daily weight gain (ADG) were related to physical and ultrasonographic examination results. Additionally, the effect of an intranasal vaccination in half of the examined calves was studied. The clinical and ultrasonographic health status 600 calves was recorded at the beginning and end of fattening. Half of the calves received an intranasal vaccination (Bovalto® Respi Intranasal). Overall, 44.5% showed an abnormal respiratory scoring (RS) and 56.0% showed signs of respiratory diseases in transthoracic ultrasonography (TUS) at arrival on the farm. For both RS and TUS, a categorization between ILL and HEALTHY was conducted. Results showed lower ADG in ILL calves (RS median: 0.93 kg/d; TUS median: 0.96 kg/d) compared to HEALTHY calves (RS median: 1.01 kg/d; TUS median: 1.01 kg/d). The median ADG was lower in not treated and ILL calves (RS median 0.90 kg/d; TUS: 0.93 kg/d) compared to treated and ILL calves (RS median 1.01 kg/d; TUS: 1.02 kg/d). Vaccination did not affect growth performance or occurrence of ILL, though treatment frequency was lower in VAC calves (17.0% in NVAC; 11.3% in VAC). The implementation of examination protocols for respiratory diseases may have a positive impact on production parameters (e.g., treatment frequency and ADG).
UWB-Based Human-Following System with Obstacle and Crevasse Avoidance for Polar-Exploration Robots
Authors: Kwon Ji-Wook , Lee Hyoujun , Lee Jongdeuk , Lee Na-Hyun , Kim Jong Chan , Uhm Taeyoung , Choi Young-Ho
Published: August 2024

This paper introduces a UWB-based human-following system for polar-exploration robots, integrating obstacle and crevasse avoidance functions to enhance the safety and efficiency of explorers in extreme environments. The proposed system determines the relative position of the explorer using UWB anchors and tags. It also utilizes real-time local obstacle mapping and path-planning algorithms to find safe paths that avoid collisions with obstacles. Simulation and real-world experiments confirm that the proposed system operates effectively in polar environments, reducing the operational burden on explorers and increasing mission success rates.
Route Optimization for Open Vehicle Routing Problem (OVRP): A Mathematical and Solution Approach
Authors: Gasset Diego , Paillalef Felipe , Payacán Sebastián , Gatica Gustavo , Herrera-Vidal Germán , Linfati Rodrigo , Coronado-Hernández Jairo R.
Published: August 2024

In the everchanging landscape of human mobility and commerce, efficient route planning has become paramount. This paper addresses the open vehicle routing problem (OVRP), a major logistical challenge in route optimization for a fleet of vehicles serving geographically dispersed customers. Using a heuristic approach, we explore the complexities of OVRP, comparing the results with advanced optimization methods. This study not only highlights the effectiveness of mathematical modeling, but also explores the practicality of heuristic algorithms such as Greedy, Nearest Neighbor and 2-opt to provide quality solutions. The findings highlight the nuanced interplay between solution quality and computational efficiency, providing valuable insights for addressing real-world logistics challenges. Recommendations delve into optimization opportunities and the integration of emerging technologies, ensuring adaptable solutions to the intricate the problem of open vehicle routing.
FN-GNN: A Novel Graph Embedding Approach for Enhancing Graph Neural Networks in Network Intrusion Detection Systems
Authors: Tran Dinh-Hau , Park Minho
Published: August 2024

With the proliferation of the Internet, network complexities for both commercial and state organizations have significantly increased, leading to more sophisticated and harder-to-detect network attacks. This evolution poses substantial challenges for intrusion detection systems, threatening the cybersecurity of organizations and national infrastructure alike. Although numerous deep learning techniques such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), recurrent neural networks (RNNs), and graph neural networks (GNNs) have been applied to detect various network attacks, they face limitations due to the lack of standardized input data, affecting model accuracy and performance. This paper proposes a novel preprocessing method for flow data from network intrusion detection systems (NIDSs), enhancing the efficacy of a graph neural network model in malicious flow detection. Our approach initializes graph nodes with data derived from flow features and constructs graph edges through the analysis of IP relationships within the system. Additionally, we propose a new graph model based on the combination of the graph neural network (GCN) model and SAGEConv, a variant of the GraphSAGE model. The proposed model leverages the strengths while addressing the limitations encountered by the previous models. Evaluations on two IDS datasets, CICIDS-2017 and UNSW-NB15, demonstrate that our model outperforms existing methods, offering a significant advancement in the detection of network threats. This work not only addresses a critical gap in the standardization of input data for deep learning models in cybersecurity but also proposes a scalable solution for improving the intrusion detection accuracy.
Optimizing Porous Concrete Using Granite Stone-Crushing Waste: Composition, Strength, and Density Analysis
Authors: Dvorkin Leonid , Bordiuzhenko Oleh , Tracz Tomasz , Mróz Katarzyna
Published: August 2024

This study examines the utilization of granite stone-crushing waste in the production of porous concrete, with a particular emphasis on the influence of aggregate composition and cement paste layer thickness on the material’s strength and density. Two types of aggregates were employed in this study: granite crushing screenings and granite crushed stone. The impact of aggregate grain size on the properties of porous concrete properties was investigated, and it was found that the use of granite screenings (2.5–5 mm) resulted in superior concrete characteristics compared to granite crushed stone (5–10 mm). This study puts forward a method for optimizing the composition of porous concrete to achieve an optimal balance of compressive strength and density. A method for the design of porous concrete was proposed, incorporating experimental results and the dependencies of strength on the water/cement ratio (W/C). Equations were developed to predict concrete strength based on W/C and cement paste layer thicknesses (CPLTs). The method provides preliminary mix proportions, which should be validated and adjusted for the final design. The findings demonstrate the potential for utilizing stone-crushing waste to produce environmentally sustainable and high-quality porous concrete.
Research on Mechanical Performance of In-Service Continuous Rigid-Frame Bridge Based on Vehicle-Bridge Coupling Vibration
Authors: Liu Yixiang , Wang Lingbo , Jiang Cong , Shu Hao
Published: August 2024

Based on a damaged continuous rigid-frame bridge in Shaanxi Province, this study deduced the crack damage simulation algorithm and the vehicle-bridge coupling numerical algorithm. Then, it established a finite element analysis model using ANSYS APDL. The Newmark-β iterative method was used to study the dynamic response of different speeds, vehicle weights, and damage degrees before and after the structural damage. In the analysis of the influence of different speeds, the results showed that the dynamic stress responses of key sections of the undamaged bridge reached the maximum when the speed was 80 km/h, indicating that the undamaged bridge was sensitive to a speed of 80 km/h. The peak response of the damaged bridge was 90 km/h. In addition, the displacement peaks and the stress peaks rose and fell together. The analysis of different vehicle weights and damage degrees showed that with the increase in them, the displacement and impact coefficients of each section increased significantly. It can be concluded that the dynamic performance of the in-service bridge decreases continuously with the aggravation of the damage. Therefore, the influence of vehicle-bridge coupling should be emphasized in maintenance, and the frequent cracking area at the midspan should be strengthened in time to prevent further damage.
Parameter Estimation of Breakthrough Curve Models in the Adsorption Process of H2S and CO2 Using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo Method
Authors: Lima Haianny Beatriz Saraiva , Sousa Ana Paula Souza de , Silva Wellington Betencurte da , Costa Deibson Silva da , Rodrigues Emerson Cardoso , Estumano Diego Cardoso
Published: August 2024

The increase in emissions of toxic gasses such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2), resulting from growing urbanization and industrialization, has caused environmental and public health problems, making the implementation of air purification techniques through adsorption important. Thus, modeling the gas adsorption process is fundamental for good agreement with experimental data, employing mathematical models that enable the prediction of adsorption capacity. In this way, the present work aimed to compare different analytical breakthrough curve models (Thomas, Yoon–Nelson, Adams–Bohart, and Yan) for the adsorption of H2S and CO2 in fixed-bed columns, using experimental data from the literature, estimating the curve parameters through the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method with the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm, and ranking using the determination coefficients (R2 and R2Adjusted) and the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). The models showed better agreement using the estimation of maximum adsorption capacity (qs, N0) and the constants of each model (kth, kyn, and kba). In the adsorption of H2S, the Yan model stood out for its precision in estimating qs. For the adsorption of CO2, the Adams–Bohart model achieved better results with the estimation of N0, along with the Yoon–Nelson model. Furthermore, the use of this method allows for a reduction in computational effort compared to models based on complex differential equations.
Artificial Intelligence Software Adoption in Manufacturing Companies
Authors: Kovič Klemen , Tominc Polona , Prester Jasna , Palčič Iztok
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) software in manufacturing companies in Slovenia, Slovakia and Croatia, and across six production areas. This research ad-dresses a gap in the literature regarding AI software implementation in relation to company size, technology intensity and supply chain role, and examines whether Industry 4.0 (I4.0) readiness influences AI adoption. Data from the European Manufacturing Survey 2022 were analyzed, and showed that the use of AI is still relatively low. On average only 18.4% of companies use AI software in at least one production area. Logistic regression analysis revealed that neither company size nor role in the supply chain or technology intensity are statistically significantly related to AI usage. However, a significant positive relationship was found between I4.0 readiness and AI adoption, suggesting that companies with advanced digital infrastructures and integrated cyber-physical systems are more likely to adopt AI. This finding underlines the importance of digital transformation for the integration of AI software. The study concludes that while company characteristics such as size and the role of the company in the supply chain are not statistically significantly related to the use of AI, the level of digital readiness is crucial.
Vortex Characterization and Parametric Study of Miniature Vortex Generators and Their Near-Field Boundary Layer Effects
Authors: De Baets Gilles , Szabó András , Nagy Péter Tamás , Paál György , Vanierschot Maarten
Published: August 2024

Delaying the onset of laminar-turbulent transition is an attractive method in reducing skin friction drag, especially on streamlined bodies where Tollmien–Schlichting instabilities are the dominating mechanism for transition. Miniature Vortex Generators (MVGs) offer an effective approach to attenuate these instabilities by generating counter-rotating vortex pairs. They are placed in pairs within an array and resemble small-winglet-type elements. The conventional methodology involves adjusting the MVG parameters and conducting computationally expensive DNS and/or downstream stability analyses to assess their effectiveness. However, analyzing the vortex parameters of MVG-generated vortices can potentially guide a more targeted approach to modifying the MVG parameters and identifying the critical factors for transition delay. Therefore, this study investigates the changes in three primary MVG parameters, namely inner distance, periodicity, and height, and utilizes computational fluid dynamics (CFDs) analysis to create a dataset that examines the characteristics of the generated counter-rotating vortex pairs and their potential in drag reduction. The objective is to establish correlations among these parameters and their influence on delaying transition. The results show that there is an optimal ratio between the MVG height and boundary layer thickness. Higher MVGs cause a decrease in the vortex radius and an increase in the amount of circulation, raising the likeliness of bypass transition. The derived correlations between the different MVG parameters show that the vortex radius is the most critical one and is hence an important parameter in the drag reduction potential.
Modeling of a Coal Transshipment Complex Based on a Queuing Network
Authors: Kazakov Alexander , Lempert Anna , Zharkov Maxim
Published: August 2024

This article concerns the problem of estimating the throughput and forecasting the operation of a coal transshipment complex that comprises a marine coal terminal and a railway station. Scenario modeling is employed to address this issue. The mathematical model of the transshipment complex has the form of a queuing network, which allows us to take into account the impact of random factors on the arrival of trains and departure of vessels from the system and their handling. In the model, we use the batch marked Markovian arrival process (BMMAP), which allows for the batch arrival of several types of requests, to describe the arrival of different categories of trains. Various queuing systems model particular structural elements of the complex to consider peculiarities of their work. We investigate the coal transshipment complex, which includes one of the largest and most modern coal export terminals in Russia. Based on the results of a numerical study, we estimate its current and maximum throughput, find bottlenecks in the system structure, and forecast its performance after the planned modernization. We also discuss the advantages and limitations of the model presented and its potential extension.
Review on Some Boundary Value Problems Defining the Mean First-Passage Time in Cell Migration
Authors: Serrano Hélia , Álvarez-Estrada Ramón F.
Published: August 2024

The mean first-passage time represents the average time for a migrating cell within its environment, starting from a certain position, to reach a specific location or target for the first time. In this feature article, we provide an overview of the characterization of the mean first-passage time of cells moving inside two- or three-dimensional domains, subject to various boundary conditions (Dirichlet, Neumann, Robin, or mixed), through the so-called adjoint diffusion equation. We concentrate on reducing the latter to inhomogeneous linear integral equations for certain density functions on the boundaries. The integral equations yield the mean first-passage time exactly for a very reduced set of boundaries. For various boundary surfaces, which include small deformations of the exactly solvable boundaries, the integral equations provide approximate solutions. Moreover, the method also allows to deal approximately with mixed boundary conditions, which constitute a genuine long-standing and open problem. New plots, figures, and discussions are presented, aimed at clarifying the analysis.
Wavelet Coherence Analysis of Post-Stroke Intermuscular Coupling Modulated by Myoelectric-Controlled Interfaces
Authors: He Xinyi , Sun Wenbo , Song Rong , Xu Weiling
Published: August 2024

Intermuscular coupling reflects the corticospinal interaction associated with the control of muscles. Nevertheless, the deterioration of intermuscular coupling caused by stroke has not received much attention. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of myoelectric-controlled interface (MCI) dimensionality on the intermuscular coupling after stroke. In total, ten age-matched controls and eight stroke patients were recruited and executed elbow tracking tasks within 1D or 2D MCI. Movement performance was quantified using the root mean square error (RMSE). Wavelet coherence was used to analyze the intermuscular coupling in alpha band (8–12 Hz) and beta band (15–35 Hz). The results found that smaller RMSE of antagonist muscles was observed in both groups within 2D MCI compared to 1D MCI. The alpha-band wavelet coherence was significantly lower in the patients compared to the controls during elbow extension. Furthermore, a decreased alpha-band and beta-band wavelet coherence was observed in the controls and stroke patients, as the dimensionality of MCI increased. These results may suggest that stroke-related neural impairments deteriorate the motor performance and intermuscular coordination pattern, and, further, that MCI holds promise as a novel effective tool for rehabilitation through the direct modulation of muscle activation pattern.
An Exosome-Laden Hydrogel Wound Dressing That Can Be Point-of-Need Manufactured in Austere and Operational Environments
Authors: Wisdom E. Cate , Lamont Andrew , Martinez Hannah , Rockovich Michael , Lee Woojin , Gilchrist Kristin H. , Ho Vincent B. , Klarmann George J.
Published: August 2024

Skin wounds often form scar tissue during healing. Early intervention with tissue-engineered materials and cell therapies may promote scar-free healing. Exosomes and extracellular vesicles (EV) secreted by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are believed to have high regenerative capacity. EV bioactivity is preserved after lyophilization and storage to enable use in remote and typically resource-constrained environments. We developed a bioprinted bandage containing reconstituted EVs that can be fabricated at the point-of-need. An alginate/carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) biomaterial ink was prepared, and printability and mechanical properties were assessed with rheology and compression testing. Three-dimensional printed constructs were evaluated for Young’s modulus relative to infill density and crosslinking to yield material with stiffness suitable for use as a wound dressing. We purified EVs from human MSC-conditioned media and characterized them with nanoparticle tracking analysis and mass spectroscopy, which gave a peak size of 118 nm and identification of known EV proteins. Fluorescently labeled EVs were mixed to form bio-ink and bioprinted to characterize EV release. EV bandages were bioprinted on both a commercial laboratory bioprinter and a custom ruggedized 3D printer with bioprinting capabilities, and lyophilized EVs, biomaterial ink, and thermoplastic filament were deployed to an austere Arctic environment and bioprinted. This work demonstrates that EVs can be bioprinted with an alginate/CMC hydrogel and released over time when in contact with a skin-like substitute. The technology is suitable for operational medical applications, notably in resource-limited locations, including large-scale natural disasters, humanitarian crises, and combat zones.
Angiographic Aspects of Transarterial Radioembolization: A Comparison of Technical Options to Avoid Extrahepatic Microsphere Depositions
Authors: Etzel Peter , Drescher Robert , Bürckenmeyer Florian , Freesmeyer Martin , Werner Anke
Published: August 2024

The influence of the interventional treatment approach for transarterial radioembolization (TARE) on the incidence of extrahepatic microsphere depositions and to angiographic complications was evaluated. In total, 398 TARE cycles were analyzed. Interventional treatment approaches were classified as single treatment position (TP) with interventional occlusion (IO), multiple TPs without IO, and multiple TPs with IO. Correlations with extrahepatic microsphere depositions, angiographic complications, and periprocedural clinical events were performed. Alternative treatment strategies were evaluated. Applications from multiple TPs could have ensured the safe application of microspheres in 48.2% of cases that were originally performed from a single TP after IO. Extrahepatic microsphere accumulations were detected after 5.2%, 5.3%, and 1.5% of TARE procedures from a single TP without IO, a single TP with IO, and multiple TPs without IO, respectively. Applications from multiple TPs did not increase angiographic complications. During the 30-day follow-up, nausea/vomiting and upper abdominal discomfort were observed more frequently in the group with IO than in the group without IO (7.9%/4.6% and 9.2%/5.9%, respectively). In many TARE procedures, the same target liver can be treated from multiple TPs instead of a single TP, reducing the need for the interventional occlusion of aberrant arteries and potential extrahepatic microsphere depositions.
Overcoming Cancer Resistance: Strategies and Modalities for Effective Treatment
Authors: Koirala Mahesh , DiPaola Mario
Published: August 2024

Resistance to cancer drugs is a complex phenomenon that poses a significant challenge in the treatment of various malignancies. This review comprehensively explores cancer resistance mechanisms and discusses emerging strategies and modalities to overcome this obstacle. Many factors contribute to cancer resistance, including genetic mutations, activation of alternative signaling pathways, and alterations in the tumor microenvironment. Innovative approaches, such as targeted protein degradation, immunotherapy combinations, precision medicine, and novel drug delivery systems, hold promise for improving treatment outcomes. Understanding the intricacies of cancer resistance and leveraging innovative modalities are essential for advancing cancer therapy.
Ethanolic Extract of Salvia officinalis Leaves Affects Viability, Survival, Migration, and the Formation and Growth of 3D Cultures of the Tumourigenic Murine HPV-16+-Related Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Hernández-Rangel Alejandra E. , Cabrera-Licona Ariana , Hernandez-Fuentes Gustavo A. , Beas-Guzmán Oscar F. , Martínez-Martínez Francisco J. , Alcalá-Pérez Mario A. , Montes-Galindo Daniel A. , Rodriguez-Sanchez Iram P. , Martinez-Fierro Margarita L. , Casarez-Price Juan C. , De-Leon-Zaragoza Luis , Garza-Veloz Idalia , Delgado-Enciso Iván
Published: August 2024

Salvia officinalis (SO) is one of the most widely used plants in traditional medicine worldwide. In the present study, the effect of an ethanolic extract of S. officinalis leaves on hallmarks of cancer of HPV-16-positive cancer tumorigenic cells, TC-1, was analyzed in vitro. Phytochemical and spectroscopic analysis were performed. Additionally, the extract’s flavonoid content, reducing iron, and antioxidant capacity were determined. In regard to the in vitro tests, the cytotoxic activity and its effect on the replicative capacity and on the cell migration of TC-1 cells were analyzed by viability and clonogenic, survival, and wound healing assays. The effect of a pre-treatment or treatment on 3D culture formation, growth, and reversion capacity was also examined. The results of the phytochemical analysis allowed the detection of tannins, saponins, steroids, and flavonoids. The flavonoids content was found to be 153.40 ± 10.68 µg/mg of extract. Additionally, the extract exhibited an antioxidant capacity and a ferric-reducing capacity of around 40% compared to the ascorbic acid. Thin layer chromatographic (TLC) analysis and spectroscopic tests showed the presence of compounds similar to quercetin and catechin flavonoids in the extract. In the in vitro assays, the SO extract induced in a concentration-dependent way changes in cell morphology, the decrease of cell viability, survival, and migration. At a concentration of 125 µg/mL, the extract inhibited spheroid formation, reduced their growth, and affected their reversion to 2D. Ethanolic extract of S. officinalis leaves had inhibitory effects on hallmarks of the cancer line HPV-16+. This suggests that the phytochemicals present in it may be a source of chemotherapeutics against cervical cancer.
Microbead-Encapsulated Luminescent Bioreporter Screening of P. aeruginosa via Its Secreted Quorum-Sensing Molecules
Authors: Paul Abraham Abbey , Kadosh Yael Schlichter , Kushmaro Ariel , Marks Robert S.
Published: August 2024

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic Gram-negative bacterium that remains a prevalent clinical and environmental challenge. Quorum-sensing (QS) molecules are effective biomarkers in pinpointing the presence of P. aeruginosa. This study aimed to develop a convenient-to-use, whole-cell biosensor using P. aeruginosa reporters individually encapsulated within alginate-poly-L-lysine (alginate-PLL) microbeads to specifically detect the presence of bacterial autoinducers. The PLL-reinforced microbeads were prepared using a two-step method involving ionic cross-linking and subsequent coating with thin layers of PLL. The alginate-PLL beads showed good stability in the presence of a known cation scavenger (sodium citrate), which typically limits the widespread applications of calcium alginate. In media containing synthetic autoinducers—such as N-(3-oxo dodecanoyl) homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C12-HSL) and N-butanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C4-HSL), or the cell-free supernatants of planktonic or the flow-cell biofilm effluent of wild P. aeruginosa (PAO1)—the encapsulated bacteria enabled a dose-dependent detection of the presence of these QS molecules. The prepared bioreporter beads remained stable during prolonged storage at 4 and −80 °C and were ready for on-the-spot sensing without the need for recovery. The proof-of-concept, optical fiber-based, and whole-cell biosensor developed here demonstrates the practicality of the encapsulated bioreporter for bacterial detection based on specific QS molecules.
A Device-on-Chip Solution for Real-Time Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy Using FPGA
Authors: Moore Christopher H. , Sunar Ulas , Lin Wei
Published: August 2024

Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) is a non-invasive technology for the evaluation of blood perfusion in deep tissue. However, it requires high computational resources for data analysis, which poses challenges in its implementation for real-time applications. To address the unmet need, we developed a novel device-on-chip solution that fully integrates all the necessary computational components needed for DCS. It takes the output of a photon detector and determines the blood flow index (BFI). It is implemented on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) chip including a multi-tau correlator for the calculation of the temporal light intensity autocorrelation function and a DCS analyzer to perform the curve fitting operation that derives the BFI at a rate of 6000 BFIs/s. The FPGA DCS system was evaluated against a lab-standard DCS system for both phantom and cuff ischemia studies. The results indicate that the autocorrelation of the light correlation and BFI from both the FPGA DCS and the reference DCS matched well. Furthermore, the FPGA DCS system was able to achieve a measurement rate of 50 Hz and resolve pulsatile blood flow. This can significantly lower the cost and footprint of the computational components of DCS and pave the way for portable, real-time DCS systems.
Individual Differences in Bodily Self-Consciousness and Its Neural Basis
Authors: Wu Haiyan , Huang Ying , Qin Pengmin , Wu Hang
Published: August 2024

Bodily self-consciousness (BSC), a subject of interdisciplinary interest, refers to the awareness of one’s bodily states. Previous studies have noted the existence of individual differences in BSC, while neglecting the underlying factors and neural basis of such individual differences. Considering that BSC relied on integration from both internal and external self-relevant information, we here review previous findings on individual differences in BSC through a three-level-self model, which includes interoceptive, exteroceptive, and mental self-processing. The data show that cross-level factors influenced individual differences in BSC, involving internal bodily signal perceptibility, multisensory processing principles, personal traits shaped by environment, and interaction modes that integrate multiple levels of self-processing. Furthermore, in interoceptive processing, regions like the anterior cingulate cortex and insula show correlations with different perceptions of internal sensations. For exteroception, the parietal lobe integrates sensory inputs, coordinating various BSC responses. Mental self-processing modulates differences in BSC through areas like the medial prefrontal cortex. For interactions between multiple levels of self-processing, regions like the intraparietal sulcus involve individual differences in BSC. We propose that diverse experiences of BSC can be attributed to different levels of self-processing, which moderates one’s perception of their body. Overall, considering individual differences in BSC is worth amalgamating diverse methodologies for the diagnosis and treatment of some diseases.
Exploring Pragmatic Factors on the Logical Relationships of Conditional Reasoning: A Study of Counterfactual and Hypothetical Conditionals
Authors: Kong Lingda , Sun Yanting , Jiang Xiaoming
Published: August 2024

Previous theories have established the mental model activation of processing different types of conditionals, stating that counterfactual conditionals expressing events that contradict known facts (e.g., “If it had rained, then they would not go to the park.”) are considered to trigger two mental models: (1) a hypothetical but factually wrong model (e.g., “rain” and “did not go to the park”) and (2) a corresponding real-world model (e.g., “did not rain” and “went to the park”). This study aimed to investigate whether pragmatic factors differentially influence readers’ comprehension and distinction between counterfactual and hypothetical conditional sentences in Mandarin Chinese. Participants were required to read and judge the comprehensibility of Chinese hypothetical and counterfactual conditionals, which were different in temporal indicators (past vs. future temporal indicators) in the antecedent. Different polarities (with vs. without negators) and different moving directions (different directional verbs: lai2 [come] vs. qu4 [go]) in the consequent were also manipulated. Linear mixed-effects models (LMEM) revealed that hypothetical conditionals (with future temporal indicators) were more comprehensible than counterfactual conditionals (with past temporal indicators). The semantic similarities within the subordinate clause revealed future temporal indicators had higher lexical–semantic co-occurrence than past indicators, suggesting that temporal indicators impact comprehension partly through lexical semantics in the premise, and hypothetical conditionals are more easily processed. However, the semantic similarity analysis of the main and the subordinate clauses showed no effect of temporal indicators, suggesting that lexical–semantic co-occurrence across clauses may not substantially contribute to the distinction between hypothetical conditionals and counterfactual conditionals. In conclusion, this study offers insights into the comprehension of Chinese conditional sentences by shedding light on the pragmatic factors influencing the activation of different mental models.
Attention Paid by Children of Rural Mapuche, Urban Mapuche and Non-Indigenous Chilean Backgrounds to Interactions Directed at Others
Authors: Muñoz Rebeca , Alonqueo Paula
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to establish differences in third-party attention through a toy-building activity among children between 9 and 11 years old from three cultural backgrounds: Rural Mapuche, Urban Mapuche and non-Indigenous Chilean. It was also examined whether third-party attention is related to learning a previously observed activity. Third-party attention involves maintaining two or more foci of interest simultaneously without losing attention and or interrupting the course of a task. It is of interest to study because it may undergo changes as a result of exposure to schooling. Given that these groups differ in cultural practices and years of formal schooling, the hypothesis was that it might be possible to identify differences in their attention patterns. The results showed that it seems like practices of Rural Mapuche families encourage third-party attention much more so than the other groups; therefore, the learning of skills arises in constellations of cultural practices that involve children’s living conditions and guide their development.
Internal Damping Ratio of Normal- and High-Strength Concrete Considering Mechanical Damage Evolution
Authors: Gidrão Gustavo de Miranda Saleme , Krahl Pablo Augusto , Bosse Rúbia Mara , Silvestro Laura , Ribeiro Rodrigo S. , Lima Geannina Terezinha dos Santos , Carrazedo Ricardo
Published: August 2024

This paper significantly extends investigations into internal damping ratios in both undamaged and damaged conditions for normal-strength concretes (NSCs) and high-strength concretes (HSCs). This study examines concretes with compressive strengths ranging from 42 to 83 MPa. Cyclic loads were applied using a servo-controlled hydraulic testing machine, and for each cyclic step, the dynamic elastic modulus (Ed) and internal damping ratio (ξ) were determined through acoustic tests. The results show that the normal-strength concretes (fc=42 MPa) exhibited an undamaged internal damping ratio of ξ=0.5%, reaching a maximum of ξ=2.5% at a damage index of 0.8. Conversely, the high-strength concrete mixtures (fc=83 MPa) showed an undamaged internal damping ratio of ξ=0.29%, with a peak value of ξ=0.93% at a damage index of 0.32. The initial internal damping values are influenced by porosity and transition zones, which affect the material behavior under cyclic loads. Progressive damage leads to increased Coulomb damping due the cracking process. Few studies have quantified and comprehended the internal damping ratio under cyclic loading-induced damage, and this research advances our understanding of NSC and HSC behavior under dynamic excitation and damage evolution, especially in impact scenarios.
Drug Combination Nanoparticles Containing Gemcitabine and Paclitaxel Enable Orthotopic 4T1 Breast Tumor Regression
Authors: Yu Jesse , Xu Xiaolin , Griffin James Ian , Mu Qingxin , Ho Rodney J. Y.
Published: August 2024

Early diagnosis, intervention, and therapeutic advancements have extended the lives of breast cancer patients; however, even with molecularly targeted therapies, many patients eventually progress to metastatic cancer. Recent data suggest that residual breast cancer cells often reside in the lymphatic system before rapidly spreading through the bloodstream. To address this challenge, an effective drug combination composed of gemcitabine (G) and paclitaxel (T) is administered intravenously in sequence at the metastatic stage, but intravenous GT infusion may limit lymphatic GT drug accessibility and asynchronous drug exposure in cancer cells within the lymph. To determine whether co-localization of intracellular gemcitabine and paclitaxel (referred to as GT) could overcome these limitations and enhance the efficacy of GT, we have evaluated a previously reported GT drug-combination formulated in nanoparticle (referred to as GT-in-DcNP) evaluated in an orthotopic breast tumor model. Previously, with indocyanine green-labeled nanoparticles, we reported that GT-in-DcNP particles after subcutaneous dosing were taken up rapidly and preferentially into the lymph instead of blood vessels. The pharmacokinetic study showed enhanced co-localization of GT within the tumors and likely through lymphatic access, before drug apparency in the plasma leading to apparent long-acting plasma time-course. The mechanisms may be related to significantly greater inhibitions of tumor growth—by 100 to 140 times—in both sub-iliac and axillary regions compared to the equivalent dosing with free-and-soluble GT formulation. Furthermore, GT-in-DcNP exhibited dose-dependent effects with significant tumor regression. In contrast, even at the highest dose of free GT combination, only a modest tumor growth reduction was notable. Preliminary studies with MDA-231-HM human breast cancer in an orthotopic xenograft model indicated that GT-in-DcNP may be effective in suppressing human breast tumor growth. Taken together, the synchronized delivery of GT-in-DcNP to mammary tumors through the lymphatic system offers enhanced cellular retention and greater efficacy.
CCL2/CCR2 Expression in Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer and Patient Long-Term Outcome: 10-Year Results from the TROG 03.04 RADAR Trial
Authors: Marsland Mark , Jiang Chen Chen , Faulkner Sam , Steigler Allison , McEwan Kristen , Jobling Phillip , Oldmeadow Christopher , Delahunt Brett , Denham James W. , Hondermarck Hubert
Published: August 2024

This study investigated the prognostic value of the chemokine C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2) and its receptor C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) expression in locally advanced prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy and androgen deprivation using the 10-year outcome data from the TROG 03.04 RADAR clinical trial. CCL2 and CCR2 protein expression in prostate cancer biopsies at the time of diagnosis were quantified by immunohistochemistry and digital quantification. CCR2 protein expression was detected in prostate cancer cells and was associated with prostate-specific antigen serum concentration (p = 0.045). However, neither CCL2 nor CCR2 tissue expression could predict prostate cancer progression, or other clinicopathological parameters including perineural invasion and patient outcome. In serum samples, CCL2 concentration at the time of diagnosis, as assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, was significantly higher in patients with prostate cancer compared with benign prostatic hyperplasia (median difference 0.22 ng/mL, 95% CI, 0.17–0.30) (p < 0.0001) and normal controls (median difference 0.13 ng/mL, 95% CI, 0.13–0.17) (p < 0.0001). However, circulating CCL2 was not statistically significant as a predictor of disease progression and patient outcome. In conclusion, this study shows that although CCL2 and CCR2 are expressed in prostate cancer, with an increased level of CCL2 in the serum, neither CCL2 nor CCR2 expression has a clinical prognostic value in locally advanced prostate cancer.
Enhancing Photosynthesis and Plant Productivity through Genetic Modification
Authors: Nazari Mansoureh , Kordrostami Mojtaba , Ghasemi-Soloklui Ali Akbar , Eaton-Rye Julian J. , Pashkovskiy Pavel , Kuznetsov Vladimir , Allakhverdiev Suleyman I.
Published: August 2024

Enhancing crop photosynthesis through genetic engineering technologies offers numerous opportunities to increase plant productivity. Key approaches include optimizing light utilization, increasing cytochrome b6f complex levels, and improving carbon fixation. Modifications to Rubisco and the photosynthetic electron transport chain are central to these strategies. Introducing alternative photorespiratory pathways and enhancing carbonic anhydrase activity can further increase the internal CO2 concentration, thereby improving photosynthetic efficiency. The efficient translocation of photosynthetically produced sugars, which are managed by sucrose transporters, is also critical for plant growth. Additionally, incorporating genes from C4 plants, such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and NADP-malic enzymes, enhances the CO2 concentration around Rubisco, reducing photorespiration. Targeting microRNAs and transcription factors is vital for increasing photosynthesis and plant productivity, especially under stress conditions. This review highlights potential biological targets, the genetic modifications of which are aimed at improving photosynthesis and increasing plant productivity, thereby determining key areas for future research and development.