bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of a multimedia campaign on HIV self-testing and PrEP outcomes among young people in South Africa: A mixed-methods impact evaluation of ‘MTV Shuga Down South’
Authors: Birdthistle Isolde , Mulwa Sarah , Sarrassat Sophie , Baker Venetia , Khanyile David , O’Donnell Dominique , Cawood Cherie , Cousens Simon
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Innovative HIV technologies can help to reduce HIV incidence, yet uptake of such tools is relatively low among young people. To create awareness and demand among adolescents and young adults, a new campaign of the pan-African MTV Shuga series (“Down South 2”; DS2), featured storylines and messages about HIV self-testing (HIVST) and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) through television, radio and accompanying multimedia activities in 2019-2020.

Methods

We conducted a mixed-methods evaluation of the new MTV Shuga series among 15-24 year-olds in Eastern Cape, South Africa, in 2020. A web-based survey, promoted via social media platforms of schools, universities, and communities, assessed exposure to MTV Shuga and knowledge of HIV status; secondary outcomes included awareness and uptake of HIVST and PrEP. An embedded qualitative evaluation explored mechanisms of MTV Shuga’s impact through in-depth individual and group interviews.

Results

Among 3,431 online survey participants, 43% had engaged with MTV Shuga and 24% with DS2 specifically. Knowledge of HIV status was higher among those exposed to DS2 (58%) versus those who were not (35%; adjusted OR=2.06 [95% CI:1.64-2.58]). Exposure was also associated with increased awareness of HIVST (60% vs 28%; aOR=1.99[1.61-2.47]) and use of HIVST (29% vs 10%; aOR=2.49[1.95-3.19]). One-third of respondents were aware of PrEP, with higher proportions among those exposed versus non-exposed to DS2 (52% vs 27%; aOR=1.90[1.53-2.35]). Qualitative insights identified mechanisms by which DS2 increased awareness, confidence and motivation to use HIVST and PrEP, but had less influence on service access.

Conclusions

We found evidence consistent with a positive causal impact of the MTV Shuga DS2 campaign on HIV prevention outcomes among young people in a high-prevalence setting. As diverse testing and PrEP technologies become accessible, an immersive edutainment campaign can help to expand HIV prevention choices and close age and gender gaps in HIV testing and prevention goals.
Systematic analysis of membrane contact sites in Saccharomyces cerevisiae uncovers modulators of cellular lipid distribution
Authors: Castro Inês Gomes , Shortill Shawn P. , Dziurdzik Samantha K. , Cadou Angela , Ganesan Suriakarthiga , Fenech Emma Joanne , Meyer Hadar , Fadel Amir , David Yotam , Davey Michael , Mattes Carsten , Valenti Rosario , Ernst Robert , Zaremberg Vanina , Levine Tim P. , Stefan Christopher J. , Conibear Elizabeth , Schuldiner Maya
Published: October 2021

Actively maintained close appositions, or contact sites, between organelle membranes, enable the efficient transfer of biomolecules between the various cellular compartments. Several such sites have been described together with their tethering machinery. Despite these advances we are still far from a comprehensive understanding of the function and regulation of most contact sites. To systematically characterize the proteome of contact sites and support the discovery of new tethers and functional molecules, we established a high throughput screening approach in Saccharomyces cerevisiae based on co-localization imaging. We imaged split fluorescence reporters for six different contact sites, two of which have never been studied before, on the background of 1165 strains expressing a mCherry-tagged yeast protein that have a cellular punctate distribution (a hallmark of contact sites). By scoring both co-localization events and effects on reporter size and abundance, we discovered over 100 new potential contact site residents and effectors in yeast. Focusing on several of the newly identified residents, we identified one set of hits as previously unrecognized homologs to Vps13 and Atg2. These proteins share their lipid transport domain, thus expanding this family of lipid transporters. Analysis of another candidate, Ypr097w, which we now call Lec1 (Lipid-droplet Ergosterol Cortex 1), revealed that this previously uncharacterized protein dynamically shifts between lipid droplets and the cell cortex, and plays a role in regulation of ergosterol distribution in the cell.
Mapping Molecular Gene Signatures Among Respiratory Viruses Based on Large-Scale and Genome-wide Transcriptomics Analysis
Authors: Smith Thomas , Rohaim Mohammed A. , Munir Muhammad
Published: October 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging RNA virus causing COVID-19 disease across the globe. SARS-CoV-2 infected patients exhibit acute respiratory distress syndrome which can be compounded by endemic respiratory viruses and thus highlighting the need to understand the genetic bases of clinical outcome under multiple respiratory infections. In this study, 42 individual datasets and a multi-parametric based selected list of over 12,000 genes against five medically important respiratory viruses (SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1, influenza A, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and rhinovirus were collected and analysed in an attempt to understand differentially regulated gene patterns and to cast genetic markers of individual and multiple co-infections. While a certain cohort of virus-specific genes were regulated (negatively and positively), notably results revealed a greatest correlation among gene regulation by SARS-CoV-2 and RSV. Furthermore, out of analysed genes, the MAP2K5 and NFKBIL1 were specifically and highly upregulated in SARS-CoV-2 infection in vivo or in vitro. In contrast, several genes including GPBAR1 and SC5DL were specifically downregulated in SARS-CoV-2 datasets. Additionally, we catalogued a set of genes that were conserved or differentially regulated across all the respiratory viruses. These finding provide foundational and genome-wide data to gauge the markers of respiratory viral infections individually and under co-infection.
Observing the suppression of individual aversive memories from conscious awareness
Authors: Lin Xuanyi , Chen Danni , Yao Ziqing , Anderson Michael C. , Hu Xiaoqing
Published: October 2021

When reminded of an unpleasant experience, people often try to exclude the unwanted memory from awareness, a process known as retrieval suppression. Despite the importance of this form of mental control to mental health, the ability to track, in real time, individual memories as they are suppressed remains elusive. Here we used multivariate decoding on EEG data to track how suppression unfolds in time and to reveal its impact on cortical patterns related to individual memories. We presented reminders to aversive scenes and asked people to either suppress or to retrieve the scene. During suppression, mid-frontal theta power within the first 500 ms distinguished suppression from passive viewing of the reminder, indicating that suppression rapidly recruited control. During retrieval, we could discern EEG cortical patterns relating to individual memories-initially, based on theta-driven, visual perception of the reminders (0-500 ms) and later, based on alpha-driven, reinstatement of the aversive scene (500-3000 ms). Critically, suppressing retrieval weakened (during 420-600 ms) and eventually abolished item-specific cortical patterns, a robust effect that persisted until the reminder disappeared (1200-3000 ms). Actively suppressing item-specific cortical patterns, both during an early (300-680 ms) window and during sustained control, predicted later episodic forgetting. Thus, both rapid and sustained control contribute to abolishing cortical patterns of individual memories, limiting awareness, and precipitating later forgetting. These findings reveal how suppression of individual memories from awareness unfolds in time, presenting a precise chronometry of this process.
The genetic architecture of language functional connectivity
Authors: Mekki Yasmina , Guillemot Vincent , Lemaitre Hervé , Carrion-Castillo Amaia , Forkel Stephanie , Frouin Vincent , Philippe Cathy
Published: October 2021

Language is a unique trait of the human species, of which the genetic architecture remains largely unknown. Through language disorders studies, many candidate genes were identified. However, such complex and multifactorial trait is unlikely to be driven by only few genes and case-control studies, suffering from a lack of power, struggle to uncover significant variants. In parallel, neuroimaging has significantly contributed to the understanding of structural and functional aspects of language in the human brain and the recent availability of large scale cohorts like UK Biobank have made possible to study language via image-derived endophenotypes in the general population. Because of its strong relationship with task-based fMRI activations and its easiness of acquisition, resting-state functional MRI have been more popularised, making it a good surrogate of functional neuronal processes. Taking advantage of such a synergistic system by aggregating effects across spatially distributed traits, we performed a multivariate genome-wide association study (mvGWAS) between genetic variations and resting-state functional connectivity (FC) of classical brain language areas in the inferior frontal (pars opercularis, triangularis and orbitalis), temporal and inferior parietal lobes (angular and supramarginal gyri), in 32,186 participants from UK Biobank. Twenty genomic loci were found associated with language FCs, out of which three were replicated in an independent replication sample. A locus in 3p11.1, regulatingEPHA3gene expression, is found associated with FCs of the semantic component of the language network, while a locus in 15q14, regulatingTHBS1gene expression is found associated with FCs of the perceptualmotor language processing, bringing novel insights into the neurobiology of language.
The protein-binding pocket of Botulinum neurotoxin B accommodates a preassembled synaptotagmin / ganglioside complex
Authors: Ramirez-Franco Jorge , Azzaz Fodil , Sangiardi Marion , Ferracci Géraldine , Youssouf Fahamoe , Popoff Michel R. , Seagar Michael , Lévêque Christian , Fantini Jacques , Far Oussama EL
Published: October 2021

Botulinum neurotoxin serotype B (BoNT/B) uses two separate protein and polysialoglycolipid-binding pockets to interact with synaptotagmin 1/2 and gangliosides. However, an integrated model of BoNT/B bound to its neuronal receptors in a native membrane topology is still lacking. Using a panel of in silico and experimental approaches, we present here a new model for BoNT/B binding to neuronal membranes, in which the toxin binds to a preassembled synaptotagmin-ganglioside GT1b complex and a free ganglioside. This interaction allows a lipid-binding loop of BoNT/B to engage in a series of concomitant interactions with the glycone part of GT1b and the transmembrane domain of synaptotagmin. Furthermore, our data provide molecular support for the decrease in BoNT/B sensitivity in Felidae that harbor the natural variant synaptotagmin2-N59Q. These results reveal multiple interactions of BoNT/B with gangliosides and support a novel paradigm in which a toxin recognizes a protein/ganglioside complex.

Teaser

A new molecular mechanism for botulinum neurotoxin type B binding
M1 dynamics share similar inputs for initiating and correcting movement
Authors: Malonis Peter J. , Hatsopoulos Nicholas G. , MacLean Jason N. , Kaufman Matthew T.
Published: October 2021

Motor cortex is integral to generating voluntary movement commands. However, as a dynamical system, it is unclear how motor cortical movement commands are informed by either new or sensory-driven corrective instructions. Here, we examine population activity in the primary motor cortex of macaques during a continuous, sequential arm movement task in which the movement instruction is updated several times over the course of a trial. We use Latent Factor Analysis via Dynamical Systems (LFADS) to decompose population activity into a portion explainable via dynamics, and a stream of inferred inputs required to instruct that dynamical system. The time series of inferred inputs had several surprising properties. First, input timing was more strongly locked to target appearance than to movement onset, suggesting that variable reaction times may be a function of how inputs interact with ongoing dynamics rather than variability in instruction timing. Second, inferred inputs were tuned nearly identically for both initial and corrective movements, suggesting a commonality in the structure of inputs across visually-instructed and corrective movements that was previously obscured by the complexity of the dynamical system that is M1.
Increase in nutrient availability promotes success of invasive plants through increasing growth and decreasing anti-herbivory defenses
Authors: Shan Liping , Oduor Ayub M.O. , Huang Wei , Liu Yanjie
Published: October 2021

Invasive plant species often exhibit greater growth and lower anti-herbivory defense than native plant species. However, it remains unclear how nutrient enrichment of invaded habitats may interact with competition from resident native plants to affect growth and defense of invasive plants.

In a greenhouse experiment, we grew five congeneric pairs of invasive and native plant species under two levels of nutrient availability (low vs. high) that were fully crossed with simulated herbivory (clipping vs. no-clipping) and competition (alone vs. competition).

Invasive plants produced more gibberellic acid, and grew larger than native species. Nutrient enrichment caused a greater increase in total biomass of invasive plants than of native plants, especially in the absence of competition or without simulated herbivory treatment. Nutrient enrichment decreased leaf flavonoid contents of invasive plants under both simulated herbivory conditions, but increased flavonoid of native plants under simulated herbivory condition. Nutrient enrichment only decreased tannins production of invasive species under competition. For native species, it enhanced their tannins production under competition, but decreased the chemicals when growing alone.

The results indicate that the higher biomass production and lower flavonoids production in response to nutrient addition may lead to competitive advantage of invasive species than native species.
Linking photoacclimation responses and microbiome shifts between depth-segregated sibling species of reef corals
Authors: Prada Carlos , López-Londoño Tomás , Pollock F. Joseph , Roitman Sofia , Ritchie Kim B. , Levitan Don R. , Knowlton Nancy , Woodley Cheryl , Iglesias-Prieto Roberto , Medina Mónica
Published: October 2021

Metazoans host complex communities of microorganisms that include dinoflagellates, fungi, bacteria, archaea, and viruses. Interactions among members of these complex assemblages allow hosts to adjust their physiology and metabolism to cope with environmental variation and occupy different habitats. Here, using reciprocal transplantation across depths, we studied adaptive divergence in the Caribbean corals Orbicella annularis and O. franksi. When transplanted from deep to shallow, O. franksi experienced fast photoacclimation, low mortality, and maintained a consistent bacterial community. In contrast, O. annularis experienced higher mortality, and limited photoacclimation when transplanted from shallow to deep. The photophysiological collapse of O. annularis in the deep environment was associated with an increased microbiome variability and reduction of some bacterial taxa. Differences in the symbiotic algal community were more pronounced between coral species than between depths. Our study suggests that these sibling species are adapted to distinctive light environments partially driven by the algae photoacclimation capacity and the microbiome robustness, highlighting the importance of niche specialization in symbiotic corals for the maintenance of species diversity. Our findings have implications for the management of these threatened Caribbean corals and the effectiveness of coral reef restoration efforts.
Differential nuclear import sets the timing of protein access to the embryonic genome
Authors: Nguyen Thao , Costa Eli , Deibert Tim , Reyes Jose , Keber Felix , Stadlmeier Michael , Gupta Meera , Kumar Chirag K. , Amodeo Amanda , Gatlin Jesse C. , Wühr Martin
Published: October 2021

The development of a fertilized egg to an embryo requires the proper temporal control of gene expression1-6. During cell differentiation, timing is often controlled via cascades of transcription factors (TFs)7,8. However, in early development, transcription is often inactive, and many TF levels are constant, suggesting that unknown mechanisms govern the observed rapid and ordered onset of gene expression9. Here, we find that in early embryonic development, access of maternally deposited nuclear proteins to the genome is temporally ordered via importin affinities, thereby timing the expression of downstream targets. We quantify changes in the nuclear proteome during early development and find that nuclear proteins, such as TFs and RNA polymerases, enter nuclei sequentially. Moreover, we find that the timing of the access of nuclear proteins to the genome corresponds to the timing of downstream gene activation. We show that the affinity of proteins to importin is a major determinant in the timing of protein entry into embryonic nuclei. Thus, we propose a mechanism by which embryos encode the timing of gene expression in early development via biochemical affinities. This process could be critical for embryos to organize themselves before deploying the regulatory cascades that control cell identities.

Graphical abstract
Pathogen-derived mechanical cues regulate the spatio-temporal implementation of plant defense
Authors: Léger Ophélie , Garcia Frédérick , Khafif Mehdi , Leblanc-Fournier Nathalie , Duclos Aroune , Tournat Vincent , Badel Eric , Didelon Marie , Le Ru Aurélie , Raffaele Sylvain , Barbacci Adelin
Published: October 2021

How immune responses are activated and regulated is a central question in immunology. In addition to molecular signaling, recent work has shown that physical forces regulate the immune response of vertebrates by modifying transmembrane protein conformation and cell contact. Mechanical stress and strain produced by forces constitute physical cues perceived by cells instructing gene expression. Whether mechanical cues generated by pathogens during host colonization can trigger adaptive responses in plant cells remains elusive. We found that local and progressive variations of plant cell wall tension caused by fungal pathogen attacks are transmitted to neighboring healthy tissue around the infection site and trigger immunity in distal cells. This ‘thigmoimmunity’ process requires the reorganization of cortical microtubules and contributes strongly to Arabidopsis disease resistance.

One-Sentence Summary

Activation of plants immunity depends on fluctuations of mechanical tension caused by a fungal pathogen.
Relationships between the hard and soft dimensions of the nose inPan troglodytesandHomo sapiensreveal the nasal protrusions of Plio-Pleistocene hominids
Authors: Campbell Ryan M. , Vinas Gabriel , Henneberg Maciej
Published: October 2021

By identifying similarity in bone and soft tissue covariation patterns in hominids, it is possible to produce facial approximation methods that are compatible with more than one species of primate. In this study, we conducted an interspecific comparison of the nasomaxillary region in chimpanzees and modern humans with the aim of producing a method for predicting the nasal protrusions of ancient Plio-Pleistocene hominids. We addressed this aim by first collecting and performing regression analyses of linear and angular measurements of nasal cavity length and inclination in modern humans (Homosapiens; n = 72) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes; n= 19), and then by performing a set of out-of-group tests. The first test was performed on two subjects that belonged to the same genus as the training sample, i.e.,Homo(n= 1) andPan(n= 1), and the second test, which functioned as an interspecies compatibility test, was performed onPan paniscus(n= 1),Gorilla gorilla(n= 3),Pongo pygmaeus(n= 1),Pongo abelli(n= 1),Symphalangus syndactylus(n= 3), andPapio hamadryas(n= 3). We identified statistically significant correlations in both humans and chimpanzees with slopes that displayed homogeneity of covariation. Joint prediction formulae were found to be compatible with humans and chimpanzees as well as all other African great apes, i.e., bonobos and gorillas. The main conclusion that can be drawn from this study is that regression models for approximating nasal projection are homogenous among humans and African apes and can thus be reasonably extended to ancestors leading to these clades.
Developmental emergence of persistent memory for contextual and auditory fear in mice
Authors: Samifanni Rojina , Zhao Mudi , Cruz-Sanchez Arely , Satheesh Agarsh , Mumtaz Unza , Arruda-Carvalho Maithe
Published: October 2021

The ability to generate memories that persist throughout a lifetime (that is, memory persistence) emerges in early development across species. Although it has been shown that persistent fear memories emerge between late infancy and adolescence in mice, it is unclear exactly when this transition takes place, and whether two major fear conditioning tasks, contextual and auditory fear, share the same time line of developmental onset. Here, we compared the ontogeny of remote contextual and auditory fear in C57BL/6J mice across early life. Mice at postnatal day (P)15, 21, 25, 28, and 30 underwent either contextual or auditory fear training and were tested for fear retrieval 1 or 30 d later. We found that mice displayed 30-d memory for context– and tone–fear starting at P25. We did not find sex differences in the ontogeny of either type of fear memory. Furthermore, 30-d contextual fear retrieval led to an increase in the number of c-Fos positive cells in the prelimbic region of the prefrontal cortex only at an age in which the contextual fear memory was successfully retrieved. These data delineate a precise time line for the emergence of persistent contextual and auditory fear memories in mice and suggest that the prelimbic cortex is only recruited for remote memory recall upon the onset of memory persistence.
MED13L-related intellectual disability due to paternal germinal mosaicism
Authors: Bessenyei Beáta , Balogh István , Mokánszki Attila , Ujfalusi Anikó , Pfundt Rolph , Szakszon Katalin
Published: October 2021

TheMED13L-related intellectual disability or MRFACD syndrome (Mental retardation and distinctive facial features with or without cardiac defects; MIM # 616789) is one of the most common forms of syndromic intellectual disability with about a hundred cases reported so far. Affected individuals share overlapping features comprising intellectual disability, hypotonia, motor delay, remarkable speech delay, and a recognizable facial gestalt. De novo disruption of theMED13Lgene by deletions, duplications, or sequence variants has been identified as deleterious. Siblings affected by intragenic deletion transmitted from a mosaic parent have been reported once in the literature. We now present the first case of paternal germinal mosaicism for a missenseMED13Lvariant causing MRFACD syndrome in one of the father's children and being the likely cause of intellectual disability and facial dysmorphism in the other. As part of the Mediator complex, the MED proteins have an essential role in regulating transcription. Thirty-two subunits of the Mediator complex genes have been linked to congenital malformations that are now acknowledged as transcriptomopathies. The MRFACD syndrome has been suggested to represent a recognizable phenotype.
Designing a new mathematical model for optimising a multi-product RFID-based closed-loop food supply chain with a green entrepreneurial orientation
Authors: Jahanshahee Nezhad Farshid , Taghizadeh-Yazdi Mohammadreza , Heidary Dahooie Jalil , Zamani Babgohari Ali , Sajadi Seyed Mojtaba
Published: October 2021

Purpose

Environmental awareness is increasing among people in developing countries. In this regard, companies should consider ecological goals in addition to financial goals. Since the food industry is recognised as one of the largest emitters of CO2, profit and ecological objectives are optimised in radio-frequency identification (RFID) based closed-loop supply chain in the food industry in this paper.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the literature, companies with a green entrepreneurial orientation (GEO) can turn ecological problems into opportunities using their proactiveness. In this regard, a new mixed-integer non-linear mathematical model is presented for optimising a new multi-product RFID-based closed-loop supply chain with a GEO in the food industry. The case study in this paper is Ofogh-e Kourosh company which is located in Iran. The GAMS software is used to code this model.

Findings

The optimum number of new products and materials flow was found among the closed-loop supply chain entities. Some factors as price, quality and warranty of products were considered, and the number of reopening of facilities if needed was set. The optimum node for RFID installation was found.

Originality/value

The paper presents a multi-objective mathematical model for optimising a multi-product RFID-based closed-loop supply chain with a GEO in the food industry. In addition, this paper gives insights into how can model this type of supply chain considering ecological and financial attributes.
Decision tree-based classification in coastal area integrating polarimetric SAR and optical data
Authors: Chen Yuanyuan , He Xiufeng , Xu Jia , Guo Lin , Lu Yanyan , Zhang Rongchun
Published: October 2021

Purpose

As one of the world's most productive ecosystems, ecological land plays an important role in regional and global environments. Utilizing advanced optical and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data for land cover/land use research becomes increasingly popular. This research aims to investigate the complementarity of fully polarimetric SAR and optical imaging for ecological land classification in the eastern coastal area of China.

Design/methodology/approach

Four polarimetric decomposition methods, namely, H/Alpha, Yamaguchi3, VanZyl3 and Krogager, were applied to Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) SAR image for scattering parameter extraction. These parameters were merged with ALOS optical parameters for subsequent classification using the object-based quick, unbiased, efficient statistical tree decision tree method.

Findings

The experimental results indicate that an improved classification performance was obtained in the decision level when merging the two data sources. In fact, unlike classification using only optical images, the proposed approach allowed to distinguish ecological land with similar spectrum but different scattering. Moreover, unlike classification using only polarimetric information, the integration of polarimetric and optical data allows to accurately distinguish reed from artemisia and sand from salt field and therefore achieve a detailed classification of the coastal area characteristics.

Originality/value

This research proposed an integrated classification method for coastal ecological land with polarimetric SAR and optical data. The object-based and decision-level fusion enables effective ecological land classification in coastal area was verified.
Understanding healthcare sector organizations from a dynamic capabilities perspective
Authors: Loureiro Ruben , Ferreira João J. , Simões Jorge
Published: October 2021

Purpose

Dynamic capabilities (DCs) need renewing to respond to changes emerging in the environment, and organizations must build up their capacities to sustain good performance levels. This study aims to identifying and characterizing the DCs existing in public health sector organizations by surveying the DC-related areas in health organizations, contributing to broader and more systematized knowledge in this field.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors sent a questionnaire to 245 professionals with leadership and management positions in healthcare organizations in this study. The authors used multivariate methods to validate the variables used to measure the DCs.

Findings

In addition to highlighting the impact of DCs on public health organizations' performance, the study’s results allowed the authors to identify hidden capacities in the organizations of this sector, which only emerge when resource management difficulties occur. These changes and difficulties may interact with users and/or professionals' needs and make organizational management a particular challenge aggravated by quick responses to ensure the organization's survival.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature's call for a deeper understanding of the role of DCs and contribute to a greater practical understanding of how these capabilities influence the performance of such organizations.
Being stressed in the family or married with work? A literature review and clustering of work-family conflict
Authors: Pascucci Tancredi , Hernández Sánchez Brizeida , Sánchez García José Carlos
Published: October 2021

Purpose

Work-family conflict is an important topic which had an evolution, starting from a static definition, where work and family domains were divided, to a more dynamic and complex balance. COVID-19 has influenced society and created a significant distress among families and working activity, and this topic has been characterised by a major interest, considering some old definitions where this balance was considered problematic but not as an enriching opportunity.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors used SCOPUS to find all records mentioning work-family conflict, by considering book, article and review, excluding conference paper and considering only records written in English language. After a duplicated and not pertinent record removal, the authors obtained a number of 675 records. The authors considered 437 records from SCOPUS to create a cluster map.

Findings

Using SCOPUS and VOSviewer the authors have clustered 5 different areas, which are regrouped in next clusters considering keywords with most co-occurrence and significancy: Work-life balance and burnout gender cluster job stress and performance social and family support job satisfaction.

Research limitations/implications

Cluster map is origined only by SCOPUS database.

Originality/value

This work aims to find a state of art about this topic, creating hypothesis where this problem has been exacerbated by 2020 due to important society modifications created by COVID-19, where recent evolution of work-family balance has been complicated by papers which come back to consider this balance as problematic.
Deconstructing racial essentialism in the classroom
Authors: Tawa John , LoPresti Anthony , Lynch Danielle
Published: October 2021

Purpose

This study aims to examine how change in white college students’ beliefs about race over the course of a semester impacted their interactions with diverse others. While there is an increasing interest in understanding people's beliefs about race, there has been limited research examining how people’s beliefs about race can and do change over time and how education can facilitate this change.

Design/methodology/approach

White students (N = 98) at a predominantly white college completed a multidimensional racial essentialism measure and measures of both self-report and behavioral interactions with diversity, at the beginning and end of a semester. Multilevel modeling with time-varying predictors was used to examine how change in beliefs about race related to change in diversity interactions.

Findings

The impact of racial essentialism on student diversity interaction varied considerably depending on the type of racial essentialism. Higher levels of speciation and genotypic essentialism at Time 1 were related to lower interaction with diversity at Time 2. Decreases in phenotypic essentialism were concurrent with increases in diversity interaction over the duration of the semester. For a subgroup of students enrolled in a race and diversity course, unexpectedly, decreases in genotypic essentialism were concurrent with decreases in diversity interaction.

Originality/value

By using a multidimensional model of beliefs about race with a longitudinal assessment, this study contributes to our understanding of how specific components of beliefs about race change over time and how change in these beliefs occurs concurrently with students’ diverse interactions. The findings are discussed in relation to the impact of education on students’ peer interactions with diverse others, with specific implications for race and diversity pedagogy.
Impact of transformational leadership and transparent communication on employee openness to change: mediating role of employee organization trust and moderated role of change-related self-efficacy
Authors: Zainab Bushra , Akbar Waqar , Siddiqui Faiza
Published: October 2021

Purpose

This study investigates the impact of transformational leadership and transparent communication on employees' openness to change with the mediating role of employee organization trust and moderating effects of change-related self-efficacy.

Design/methodology/approach

A sample of 260 employees from banking sector of Pakistan through self-administrated questionnaire participated in this study and the data was analysed through partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM).

Findings

The results reveal that transformational leadership and transparent communication help to create trust among employees of the organization which ultimately have positive effects on employee openness to change. Further, the results suggest that the presence of change-related self-efficacy significantly moderates relation between the transformational leadership and employee openness to change. However, change self-efficacy does not change the relationship between transparent communication and employee openness to change.

Research limitations/implications

This study contributes to change management literature and helps organizations to understand the importance of employees and their positive behaviour during change.

Practical implications

The researcher provides the guidelines for employers to craft change communication policy during the change implementation phase.

Originality/value

This study tests a mediating role of employee organization trust and moderating role of change-related self-efficacy in relation with transformational leadership and transparent communication on employees' openness to change which had not been tested theoretically and empirically in the context of Pakistan.
The relationship between transformational leadership and work engagement. Moderated mediation roles of psychological ownership and belief in just world
Authors: Nurtjahjani Fullchis , Batilmurik Ridolof Wenand , Puspita Ayu Fury , Fanggidae Jappy Parlindungan
Published: October 2021

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the mediating and moderating effects of psychological ownership and belief in just world in the relationship between transformational leadership and work engagement.

Design/methodology/approach

The data were collected from 183 lecturers who teach in an Indonesian university. The questionnaires covered transformational leadership, psychological ownership, belief in just world and work engagement. The collected data were examined with structural equation model analysis.

Findings

The results demonstrated a significant moderated mediation index, which indicated that the relationship between transformational leadership and work engagement is mediated by psychological ownership and is moderated by belief in just world.

Practical implications

To achieve higher work engagement, organizations should increase employees’ feelings of ownership and boost just world belief.

Originality/value

The present study offers new insight on how personality trait plays a moderating role in the relationship between transformational leadership and work engagement.
Efficient light‐harvesting of mesophotic corals is facilitated by coral optical traits
Authors: Kramer Netanel , Tamir Raz , Ben‐Zvi Or , Jacques Steven L. , Loya Yossi , Wangpraseurt Daniel
Published: October 2021

Sustained light‐dependent coral reef communities can be found at a wide range of light environments, extending from the sea level to as deep as 150 m (i.e. esophotic). How mesophotic corals thrive despite extremely limited light conditions still requires further investigation.

Here, we undertook a comprehensive ecophysiological and bio‐optical study on four depth‐generalist coral species aiming to delineate the functional role that optical trait properties have in light‐harvesting, at contrasting light regimes.

We show that the optical traits of coral skeletons are adjusted to their ambient light conditions and complement the microalgal demands for sufficient light, thus exhibiting a spatially efficient photosymbiotic system.

In contrast to shallow corals, mesophotic corals absorbed up to three fold more light, resulting in excellent photosynthetic response under light conditions of only ~3% of the incident surface irradiance. The enhanced light‐harvesting capacity of mesophotic corals was achieved by redistributing light in the coral skeleton through optical scattering, thereby facilitating light transport and absorption by densely pigmented host tissue.

Our findings provide fundamental insight into the light‐harvesting mechanisms underlying the productivity of mesophotic coral reef ecosystems, yet also raise concerns regarding their ability to withstand prolonged environmental disturbances.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Human placental biology at single‐cell resolution: a contemporaneous review
Authors: Barrozo ER , Aagaard KM
Published: October 2021

Single‐cell technologies capture cellular heterogeneity to focus on previously poorly described subpopulations of cells. Work by our laboratory and many others has metagenomically characterised a low biomass intrauterine microbial community, alongside microbial transcripts, antigens and metabolites, but the functional importance of low biomass microbial communities in placental immuno‐microenvironments is still being elucidated. Given their hypothesised role in modulating inflammation and immune ontogeny to enable tolerance of beneficial microbes while warding off pathogens, there is a need for single‐cell resolution. Herein, we summarise the potential for mechanistic understanding of these and other key fundamental early developmental processes by applying single‐cell approaches.
Elucidating the relationships between two automated handwriting feature quantification systems for multiple pairwise comparisons
Authors: Fuglsby Cami , Saunders Christopher , Ommen Danica M. , Buscaglia JoAnn , Caligiuri Michael P.
Published: October 2021

Recent advances in complex automated handwriting identification systems have led to a lack of understandability of these systems’ computational processes and features by the forensic handwriting examiners that they are designed to support. To mitigate this issue, this research studied the relationship between two systems: FLASH ID®, an automated handwriting/black box system that uses measurements extracted from a static image of handwriting, and MovAlyzeR®, a system that captures kinematic features from pen strokes. For this study, 33 writers each wrote 60 phrases from the London Letter using cursive writing and handprinting, which led to thousands of sample pairs for analysis. The dissimilarities between pairs of samples were calculated using two score functions (one for each system). The observed results indicate that dissimilarity scores based on kinematic spatial‐geometric pen stroke features (e.g., amplitude and slant) have a statistically significant relationship with dissimilarity scores obtained using static, graph‐based features used by the FLASH ID® system. Similar relationships were observed for temporal features (e.g., duration and velocity) but not pen pressure, and for both handprinting and cursive samples. These results strongly imply that both the current implementation of FLASH ID® and MovAlyzeR® rely on similar features sets when measuring differences in pairs of handwritten samples. These results suggest that studies of biometric discrimination using MovAlyzeR®, specifically those based on the spatial‐geometric feature set, support the validity of biometric matching algorithms based on FLASH ID® output.
Reassessing the Scottish Parliamentary Records, 1528–48: Manuscript, Print, Bureaucracy and Royal Authority*
Authors: Blakeway Amy
Published: October 2021

This article for the first time correctly identifies a manuscript previously identified as an ‘official record of parliament’ as a draft of the first printed statutes of the Scottish Parliament, the Actis and Constitutionis of 1542. This discovery has a number of implications for our study of parliament in the period 1528 to 1548, encompassing the personal rule of James V and the beginning of his daughter, Mary Queen of Scots's, minority, which the original manuscript covered. Careful attention to these materials exposes a sophisticated administrative culture, characterised by reviewing and repromulgating statutes, as well as revealing the ghosts of further, now lost, records. Considering the printed text, meanwhile, suggests that parliament and the law played as important a role as history and ceremonial in the assertion of James V's kingship in the years 1540–2: indeed, this should not surprise us given that James's administrators were also his poets. While the Actis of 1542 have hitherto provoked little interest from among historians, they emerge as an important influence on the much better known publication of Scottish statutes from James I to Mary in 1567. The administrators who produced this later volume evidently saw themselves as working within the same tradition as their predecessors of 1542: an increased appreciation of the administrative expertise, careful record‐keeping, attention to the dissemination of statute and the ways in which this bolstered the power of the crown suggests that we ought to do likewise.
‘A Place To Speak One's Conscience In’: Disciplines of Debate in the Protectorate Parliaments, 1654–9
Authors: Gibson Jonathan
Published: October 2021

This article is a study of the operation and culture of debate in the house of commons during the English Protectorate. Drawing principally upon the manuscript diaries of Thomas Burton and Guybon Goddard, it will explore the substantial degree of contingency and flexibility which parliamentary debate permitted within a commonly‐understood framework of disciplines. While these troublesome parliaments are commonly associated with insoluble conflict between members, it will be demonstrated that debate was conceptualised as a mechanism for resolving conflict rather than merely as a forum for expressing conflict. By first analysing the peculiar and often informal ways in which parliamentary discipline worked to identify and correct ‘disorderly’ behaviour, and then evaluating what that reveals about members’ expectations of what debate was supposed to achieve, this article will uncover an underlying parliamentary culture in which the institution of debate was highly valued as a means for reaching agreement. The tightrope between freedom and moderation of speech could be tricky to negotiate, but it was the admittedly imperfect synthesis of the two which best characterised the debates of the Protectorate Parliaments.
‘United Britons & Irishmen’: Cato Street, Proclamations, and the Insurrectionary Tradition, 1798–1820*
Authors: McElligott Jason
Published: October 2021

This article describes attempts in 1820 by a group of London‐based conspirators to assassinate the British cabinet and print two proclamations declaring the establishment of a provisional government. One proclamation was addressed to the civilian population and the other to the rank and file of the military. It describes links between these conspirators, who were arrested in Cato Street on 23 February 1820, and a number of Irish radicals living in the metropolis who claimed to have been involved in the rebellions of 1798 and 1803. It suggests that the Cato Street proclamations were strongly influenced by John Sheares's proclamation of 1798, which had been intended to announce the success of the Irish rebellion.
Variation in immunity and health in response to introduced avian malaria in an endemic Hawaiian songbird
Authors: Names G. R. , Schultz E. M. , Hahn T. P. , Hunt K. E. , Angelier F. , Ribout C. , Klasing K. C.
Published: October 2021

Emerging infectious diseases are spreading at unprecedented rates and affecting wildlife worldwide, with particularly strong effects on islands. Since the introduction of avian malaria to Hawaii a century ago, the disease has contributed to the decline and extinction of several endemic Hawaiian honeycreeper species. At low elevation, where avian malaria is prevalent, Hawaii Amakihi Chlorodrepanis virens honeycreeper populations have experienced strong selection by the disease and have evolved increased malaria resilience, the ability to recover from infection. The goals of this study were to describe malaria infection rates across Hawaii Island, to examine the role of innate immunity in malaria resilience, and to determine the effects of resilience and chronic infection on Amakihi health. We measured malaria infection and metrics of innate immunity and health in low elevation Amakihi populations, which are more resilient to malaria, and high elevation populations, which have experienced weak malaria selection and are less resilient to malaria. Avian malaria infection was higher at low than high elevation. Measures of innate immunity were higher in low than high elevation Amakihi, but also depended on whether the birds were from the leeward side of the island (low rainfall) or windward side of the island (high rainfall) and whether they were free‐living or captive. Regarding measures of health, body condition was better in malaria‐infected than uninfected Amakihi, while hematocrit did not vary by malaria infection but was higher in high than low elevation birds. These are among the first results to describe variation in immunity and health according to avian malaria selection and infection in Hawaiian honeycreepers. Understanding the impacts of introduced diseases on island species, which are particularly susceptible to novel pathogens, will provide critical insight into how introduced disease may affect endangered species.