bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Buffeting reliability of bridges with structural uncertainties
Authors: Su Cheng , Chen Xiaofeng , Luo Junjie
Published: March 2014

The dynamic reliability of a long-span bridge under wind turbulence is of great concern to engineering practice. In this paper, a practical framework is presented to evaluate the buffeting reliability of long-span bridges, in which the stochastic natures of both wind fluctuations and structural parameters are taken into consideration. A two-step strategy is adopted in the proposed method to consider the effects on the buffeting reliability of the stochastic wind loads and random structural properties. The approximative explicit expression for conditional buffeting reliability under given structural parameters is first obtained using the response surface method, in which only the stochastic effects due to wind loads are involved. Then, based on the total probability theorem, the total buffeting reliability is calculated in conjunction with the Monte-Carlo simulation techniques, in which, in addition to the stochastic wind loads, the uncertainties of structural parameters are taken into account. The buffeting reliability analysis of the Yamen Bridge, China, a long-span cable-stayed bridge with a main span of 338 m, is conducted to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the present approach, and the effects of structural uncertainties on the buffeting reliability of the bridge are investigated.
Investigation of a recombinant SMN protein delivery system to treat spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Anderton Ryan , Meloni Bruno , Mastaglia Frank , Boulos Sherif
Published: March 2014

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), the most common genetic cause of infant death, is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting motor neurons. SMA results from a loss in full-length survival of motor neuron (SMN) protein due to deletions/mutations in the SMN1 gene. In this study, we assessed the ability of cell-penetrating peptides (CPP) to deliver recombinant SMN protein to cultured neurons as a prelude for a potential therapeutic to treat SMA. Firstly, we confirmed that E. coli produced recombinant GFP protein fused to TAT (YGRKKRRQRRR; TAT-GFP) transduced rat cortical neurons in a concentration dependent manner. However, due to low yields of recombinant TATSMN protein obtainable from E. coli, we investigated the potential of a modified TAT (TATκ: YARKAARQARA) or R9 (RRRRRRRRR) peptide downstream of the fibronectin (FIB) secretory signal peptide to generate recombinant CPP-fused SMN protein. While U251 cells transduced with an adenoviral vector expressing CMV-FIB-TATκ-SMN secreted recombinant TATκ-SMN protein, we did not detect TATκ-SMN protein transduction of cortical neurons. Further, purified TATκ-SMN was unable to transduce SH-SY5Y cells, nor block apoptosis following LY294002 treatment of these cells. Our findings indicate that TATκ is not a suitable CPP to deliver SMN protein to neurons. Nonetheless, we have developed a novel method to generate full-length recombinant SMN protein using a mammalian expression system, which can be used to explore the application of other CPPs to deliver SMN protein as a treatment for SMA.
Mismatch negativity tells you how much you automatically care for your lover’s love
Authors: Chai Hao , Chen Wanzhen , Xu You , Hu Jing , Xu Shaofang , Zhang Jinhua , Wang Wei
Published: March 2014

Understanding the automatic process of love oriented to a participant by his or her own lover helps to build a normal loving relationship. It also helps to elucidate some of the underlying mechanisms of pathological love, which involves both repetitive and uncontrolled attention and care. Previous studies have addressed the late-stage process of love, but its early or automatic stage has been studied less. When processing a change in speech from “love” to “love you” from their own lover, participants showed a more prefrontal-frontal distribution of cerebral mismatch negativity. Source analysis showed that the left superior temporal gyrus was involved in all participants. The right inferior frontal gyrus was additionally involved in some participants who evaluated love as more intense. Brain areas activated in process might inversely indicate how much a participant cares about the love oriented by their lover.
The language of visual representations in the neurosciences — relating past and future
Authors: Stahnisch Frank
Published: March 2014

In theoretical accounts of the neurosciences, investigative research programs have often been separated into the morphological and physiological tradition. The morphological tradition is seen as describing the structure and form of the external and interior parts of the brain and spinal cord. The physiological tradition is interpreted as a compilation of those approaches which investigate cerebral functions particularly in their dynamic interactions. It must be regarded as an open question, though, whether the distinction between the morphological and physiological tradition in modern clinical and basic neuroscience has now become obsolete with the most recent neuroimaging techniques, such as fMRI, PET scans, SPECT, etc. Taken at face value, these new imaging techniques seem to relate, overlap, and even identify the anatomical with the functional substrate, when mapping individual patterns of neural activity across the visually delineated morphological structures. The particular focus of this review article is primarily on the morphological tradition, beginning with German neuroanatomist Samuel Thomas Soemmerring and leading to recent approaches in the neurohistological work of neuroscience centres in the United States and morphophysiological neuroimaging techniques in Canada. Following some landmark research steps in neuroanatomy detailed in the first section, this article analyzes the changing trajectories to an integrative theory of the brain in its second section. An examination of the relationship between form and function within the material culture of neuroscience in the third and final part, will further reveal an astonishingly heterogeneous investigative and conceptual terrain.
Relation between the type of wave exposure and seagrass losses (Cymodocea nodosa) in the south of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands — Spain)
Authors: Portillo Eduardo
Published: March 2014

Effects of different types of wave events on Cymodocea nodosa seagrass meadows were observed and investigated by quantitative and qualitative evaluation of material washed ashore a few days after the events. The studied seagrass meadows are located on the south coast of the island of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands — Spain) and they are protected from frequent swells arriving from the North Atlantic. However, sporadic phenomena associated with winter storms occasionally hit this coastline, causing the loss of entire plants (fresh leaves with rhizomes and roots attached). An unusual type of southern swells generated in the South Atlantic also reaches the Islands in spring and summer. A clear relation was observed between the wave events (southern swells and storm waves) and the material cast ashore over the following days, with differences in composition (fresh vs. decaying leaves) depending on the type of event. After southern swells, detached portions of C. nodosa consisted mostly of decaying leaves shed after senescence. These old swells cause frictional drag with moderate oscillations over a wider range at greater depths, removing only decaying leaves from the seagrass meadows and favoring the natural clean-up process.
The first report on Amphipoda from Marian Cove, King George Island, Antarctic
Authors: Kim Jee-Hoon , Jażdżewska Anna , Choi Han-Gu , Kim Won
Published: March 2014

This is a first account on amphipods from Marian Cove in Maxwell Bay, near the King Sejong Station, King George Island, the Antarctic. We have conducted a survey in 14 localities in the shallow sublittoral zone. A total of 22 amphipod species belonging to 12 families were identified. Six of these species were new for the whole Maxwell Bay. Our findings increase the amphipod fauna of Maxwell Bay from 55 to 61 species. The dominant species in the shallow sublittoral zone of Marian Cove were: Cheirimedon femoratus and Gondogeneia antarctica, followed by Bovallia gigantea, Orchomenella cf. ultima, Paradexamine fissicauda, Prostebbingia brevicornis, Pariphimedia integricauda, and Jassa wandeli.
Evaluation of cellular antioxidant activity of selected species of Caralluma and Boucerosia on cell lines
Authors: Vajha Madhuri , Chillara Siva Rama Krishna
Published: March 2014

Objective: The aim of the present work was designed to study cellular antioxidant properties of selected plant extracts of Caralluma and Boucerosia on cell lines. Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out in four species of Caralluma R.Br. such as Caralluma adscendens (Roxb.) R. Brown var. attenuata (Wight) Grav. & Mayur. (CAA), Caralluma adscendens (Roxb.) R. Brown var. fimbriata (Wall.) Gravely & Mayur. (CAF), Caralluma stalagmifera C.E.C. Fisch. (CS) and Caralluma stalagmifera C.E.C. Fisch. var. longipetala  Karupp. & Pull. (CSL) and as well as two species of Boucerosia Wight & Arn. such as Boucerosia lasiantha Wight. (BL) and Boucerosia umbellata (Haw.) Wight & Arn.  (BU). The antioxidant efficacy was evaluated by ability of antioxidant molecules in the extract to scavenge ROS produced by normal metabolism by cells, observed by the oxidation of 2, 7- Dichloro fluorescein diacetate to dichlorofluorescein, followed by decrease in fluorescence intensity. Results: Cellular antioxidant activity was demonstrated by the inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The percentage ROS inhibition in Raw 264.7 cells when treated with different concentrations of methanolic extracts showed variations among selected species. Conclusion: The plant extracts were shown to be effective for antioxidant potential and can be a promising source of natural antioxidants.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i1.9649Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(1): 83-87
Role of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids in Inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis disorders
Authors: Asif Mohammad
Published: March 2014

Reviewing the relationships between polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) with inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis disorders, the PUFAs containing ω-3, ω-6 and ω-9, these ω-3FAs levels were correlated with ω-6: ω-3 ratios including arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Based on previously-reports, the levels of ω-3 FAs considered being as a 'lower risk' category for inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis. Certain PUFAs ratios may aid in inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis-related risk assessment. PUFA are the most effective for the production of oil with high concentration of DHA and EPA content significantly.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i1.9783Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(1): 3-17
Quality of Vegetable Seeds Collected from Mymensingh Region in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain I. , Dey P. , Dilruba K.
Published: March 2014

Seed quality and health status of 11 vegetable crop seeds of viz. Cabbage (Brassica oleraceae var. capitata), Indian cabbage (Brassica oleraceae var. indica), Indian spinach (Basella alba), Spinach (Beta vulgaris var. bengalensis), Red amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor), Bitter gourd (Momordic acharantia), Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), Sweet gourd (Cucurbita moschata), Carrot (Daucuscarrota var. sativa),  Radish (Raphanus sativus), and Turnip (Brassica rapa) collected from the greater Mymensingh region of Bangladesh were tested. The germination percentage of seeds of the collected samples ranged from 11 to 100. The highest germination was recorded in indian cabbage (100%) followed by carrot (92%) and radish (90%), while the lowest was recorded in indian spinach seeds (11%). Altogether 10 fungi were found associated with the seeds which were Alternaria spp., Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea, Chaetomium funicola, Curvularia spp., Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., Phoma spp. and Rhizopus spp.. The highest total seed-borne fungal infection was found in bottle gourd (155%) followed by sweet gourd (145%). The lowest infection was found in turnip seeds (6%). The maximum number of dead seeds was found in indian spinach (89%) and no dead seed was found in indian cabbage. Among the vegetables seed samples, seedling vigour ranged from 59 to 3083, where the highest seedling vigour was observed in sweet gourd (3083) and the lowest was in indian spinach (59). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i1.9926 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(1): 103-108
Understanding William Petty's Atlas of Ireland
Authors: Robinson Ivan
Published: March 2014

An understanding of early maps is best achieved through an analysis that seeks to integrate a scientific approach to map history with the idea that maps are also subject to socio-economic and political influences prevailing at the time. An analytical framework that uses such an integrated approach is applied here to William Petty's atlas of Ireland, published in 1685 under the title Hiberniae Delineatio, in an effort to deepen our understanding of this landmark in the mapping of Ireland. The atlas emerges as an incomplete and sometimes flawed document which, nevertheless, made Ireland the first country in Europe to be mapped from accurately measured surveys and provided the definitive shape of Ireland for the next century. It also gives testimony to the reciprocal relationships between maps and society and illustrates the role of the map itself in the historical process.
Effect of Drying Operating Conditions on Canola Oil Tocopherol Content
Authors: Laoretani Daniela , Fernández María , Crapiste Guillermo , Nolasco Susana
Published: March 2014

The aim of this work was to evaluate two operating parameters of seed drying (temperature and initial moisture content) on the tocopherol content of canola oil. The raw material was characterized by moisture, oil, protein, crude fiber and ash content. Seeds at 13.6% and 22.7% moisture content (dry basis, db) were dried at temperatures in the range of 35–100 °C to a safe storage moisture of 7% db. Oil was extracted from each treated sample. The oil extracted from the samples dried at the extreme temperatures was analyzed by means of the acidity value, peroxide index and fatty acid composition, finding no significant differences among treatments or among untreated and treated samples. Tocopherol contents in the oils obtained for all the assayed temperatures were determined. Differences were found for the samples with 22.7% (db) initial moisture content. Except at 35 °C, temperature affected negatively the oil tocopherol content. However, when 13.6% (db) moisture seeds were processed, no significant differences were observed in the amount of this minor oil component among assays.
Large-Scale Land Use for Construction and Energy Consumption after the New Millennium with Their Impact on Total-Factor Efficiency Change in China’s Regional Economy
Authors: Chen Shiyi , Zhang Shujian
Published: March 2014

The rapid economic growth after the new millennium could be characterized by the reappearance of heavy industrialization and land urbanization. In the literatures, extensive studies have examined the impact of energy and emissions on the growth quality during the heavy industrialization process, but few have paid attention to the land dimension. This paper aims at studying the role of land use in changing the total-factor efficiency (TFE) in China’s regional economy, together with the energy factors. The basic conclusions obtained are as follows: (1) the land and energy factors do have a statistically significant influence on the total-factor integrated efficiency (TFIE), leading to a much lower and not improved efficiency performance in the sample period. The integrated efficiency is dominated by the land factor rather than energy ones; and (2) the total-factor land efficiency (TFLE) is lower than the energy efficiency and has more room to improve. The land factor has a statistically significant influence on the total-factor energy efficiency (TFEE) but not vice versa. As compared to single-factor efficiency, the total-factor energy/land efficiency provides us a more precise measure of factor efficiency in China.
Tug of War between Survival and Death: Exploring ATM Function in Cancer
Authors: Stagni Venturina , Oropallo Veronica , Fianco Giulia , Antonelli Martina , Cinà Irene , Barilà Daniela
Published: March 2014

Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase is a one of the main guardian of genome stability and plays a central role in the DNA damage response (DDR). The deregulation of these pathways is strongly linked to cancer initiation and progression as well as to the development of therapeutic approaches. These observations, along with reports that identify ATM loss of function as an event that may promote tumor initiation and progression, point to ATM as a bona fide tumor suppressor. The identification of ATM as a positive modulator of several signalling networks that sustain tumorigenesis, including oxidative stress, hypoxia, receptor tyrosine kinase and AKT serine-threonine kinase activation, raise the question of whether ATM function in cancer may be more complex. This review aims to give a complete overview on the work of several labs that links ATM to the control of the balance between cell survival, proliferation and death in cancer.
Genetically Guided Statin Therapy on Statin Perceptions, Adherence, and Cholesterol Lowering: A Pilot Implementation Study in Primary Care Patients
Authors: Li Josephine , Joy Scott , Haga Susanne , Orlando Lori , Kraus William , Ginsburg Geoffrey , Voora Deepak
Published: March 2014

Statin adherence is often limited by side effects. The SLCO1B1*5 variant is a risk factor for statin side effects and exhibits statin-specific effects: highest with simvastatin/atorvastatin and lowest with pravastatin/rosuvastatin. The effects of SLCO1B1*5 genotype guided statin therapy (GGST) are unknown. Primary care patients (n = 58) who were nonadherent to statins and their providers received SLCO1B1*5 genotyping and guided recommendations via the electronic medical record (EMR). The primary outcome was the change in Beliefs about Medications Questionnaire, which measured patients’ perceived needs for statins and concerns about adverse effects, measured before and after SLCO1B1*5 results. Concurrent controls (n = 59) were identified through the EMR to compare secondary outcomes: new statin prescriptions, statin utilization, and change in LDL-cholesterol (LDL-c). GGST patients had trends (p = 0.2) towards improved statin necessity and concerns. The largest changes were the “need for statin to prevent sickness” (p < 0.001) and “concern for statin to disrupt life” (p = 0.006). GGST patients had more statin prescriptions (p < 0.001), higher statin use (p < 0.001), and greater decrease in LDL-c (p = 0.059) during follow-up. EMR delivery of SLCO1B1*5 results and recommendations is feasible in the primary care setting. This novel intervention may improve patients’ perceptions of statins and physician behaviors that promote higher statin adherence and lower LDL-c.
Field Effect Transistor Biosensor Using Antigen Binding Fragment for Detecting Tumor Marker in Human Serum
Authors: Cheng Shanshan , Hotani Kaori , Hideshima Sho , Kuroiwa Shigeki , Nakanishi Takuya , Hashimoto Masahiro , Mori Yasuro , Osaka Tetsuya
Published: March 2014

Detection of tumor markers is important for cancer diagnosis. Field-effect transistors (FETs) are a promising method for the label-free detection of trace amounts of biomolecules. However, detection of electrically charged proteins using antibody-immobilized FETs is limited by ionic screening by the large probe molecules adsorbed to the transistor gate surface, reducing sensor responsiveness. Here, we investigated the effect of probe molecule size on the detection of a tumor marker, α-fetoprotein (AFP) using a FET biosensor. We demonstrated that the small receptor antigen binding fragment (Fab), immobilized on a sensing surface as small as 2–3 nm, offers a higher degree of sensitivity and a wider concentration range (100 pg/mL–1 μg/mL) for the FET detection of AFP in buffer solution, compared to the whole antibody. Therefore, the use of a small Fab probe molecule instead of a whole antibody is shown to be effective for improving the sensitivity of AFP detection in FET biosensors. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that a Fab-immobilized FET subjected to a blocking treatment, to avoid non-specific interactions, could sensitively and selectively detect AFP in human serum.
Synthesis and Anti-Tuberculosis Activity of the Marine Natural Product Caulerpin and Its Analogues
Authors: Chay Cristina , Cansino Rocío , Pinzón Clara , Torres-Ochoa Rubén , Martínez Roberto
Published: March 2014

Caulerpin (1a), a bis-indole alkaloid from the marine algal Caulerpa sp., was synthesized in three reaction steps with an overall yield of 11%. The caulerpin analogues (1b–1g) were prepared using the same synthetic pathway with overall yields between 3% and 8%. The key reaction involved a radical oxidative aromatic substitution involving xanthate (3) and 3-formylindole compounds (4a–4g). All bis-indole compounds synthesized were evaluated against the Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv, and 1a was found to display excellent activity (IC50 0.24 µM).
A Novel Approach to ECG Classification Based upon Two-Layered HMMs in Body Sensor Networks
Authors: Liang Wei , Zhang Yinlong , Tan Jindong , Li Yang
Published: March 2014

This paper presents a novel approach to ECG signal filtering and classification. Unlike the traditional techniques which aim at collecting and processing the ECG signals with the patient being still, lying in bed in hospitals, our proposed algorithm is intentionally designed for monitoring and classifying the patient’s ECG signals in the free-living environment. The patients are equipped with wearable ambulatory devices the whole day, which facilitates the real-time heart attack detection. In ECG preprocessing, an integral-coefficient-band-stop (ICBS) filter is applied, which omits time-consuming floating-point computations. In addition, two-layered Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) are applied to achieve ECG feature extraction and classification. The periodic ECG waveforms are segmented into ISO intervals, P subwave, QRS complex and T subwave respectively in the first HMM layer where expert-annotation assisted Baum-Welch algorithm is utilized in HMM modeling. Then the corresponding interval features are selected and applied to categorize the ECG into normal type or abnormal type (PVC, APC) in the second HMM layer. For verifying the effectiveness of our algorithm on abnormal signal detection, we have developed an ECG body sensor network (BSN) platform, whereby real-time ECG signals are collected, transmitted, displayed and the corresponding classification outcomes are deduced and shown on the BSN screen.
Using the Nonhuman Primate Model of HCMV to Guide Vaccine Development
Authors: Deere Jesse , Barry Peter
Published: March 2014

The natural history of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is inextricably associated with mucosal surfaces. The vast preponderance of primary infections occur following mucosal exposure to infectious virions, and the high seroprevalence of HCMV throughout the world is due to long-term excretion of HCMV in bodily fluids from multiple mucosal sites. Accumulating evidence presents a model where the earliest virus-host interactions following infection dictate the long-term pattern of infection, alter innate immune responses that skew adaptive responses to enable persistence within an immune host, and are essential for reinfection of a host with prior immunity. HCMV has evolved a complex repertoire of viral functions fine-tuned to manipulate the immune environment both locally at the sites of infection and systemically within an infected host. Collectively, viral immune modulation represents a significant impediment for an HCMV vaccine. As HCMV can disseminate beyond mucosal surfaces to reinfect immune hosts, it may not matter whether prior immunity results from prior infection or immunization. A better understanding of the earliest virus-hosts interactions at mucosal surfaces may identify elements of the viral proteome that are especially susceptible to vaccine-mediated disruption and prevent challenge virus from disseminating to distal sites, particularly the maternal-fetal interface.
Les chefs d'établissements publics scolaires français face aux enjeux de la nouvelle gestion du système éducatif
Authors: Attarça Mourad , Chomienne Hervé
Published: March 2014

Les établissements d’enseignement secondaire français sont engagés depuis une quinzaine d’années dans des réformes inspirées des principes du NPM, conduisant à une autonomie croissante de fonctionnement et à une décentralisation progressive des décisions. Nous étudions plus particulièrement dans cet article le rôle des chefs d’établissement qui nous semble être particulièrement éclairant des conséquences, des difficultés et des ajustements nécessaires dans la mise en œuvre de politiques publiques inspirées du NPM. Sur la base d’une étude empirique menée auprès d’une vingtaine d’établissements de l’académie de Versailles, nous montrons que la fonction de chef d’établissement évolue progressivement vers des fonctions de management stratégique et de conduite du changement. Le chef d’établissement apparaît toutefois comme un manager public à la recherche d’une légitimité professionnelle lui permettant d’investir la dimension pédagogique des projets et des changements qu’il est censé porter. Il se trouve au cœur d’un champ de tensions entre les impératifs réglementaires, pédagogiques et de performance qui caractérisent son activité. Cette situation met le chef d’établissement dans une position qui peut apparaître tout aussi inconfortable que stimulante, et nécessitant, dans tous les cas, le soutien et l’accompagnement de l’autorité de tutelle.
La « der des ders » : guerre totale, paix totale ?
Authors: Moreau Defarges Philippe
Published: March 2014

La Conférence de paix de Paris de 1919-1920 conclut la Première Guerre mondiale et doit établir les conditions d’une paix durable, pour ne pas dire perpétuelle. Elle sème en fait les graines de conflits futurs, notamment en imposant à l’Allemagne une punition exceptionnelle. Les leçons de cette Conférence ont été tirées, en particulier après la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Les traités de paix ne visent plus à assommer les vaincus mais à faciliter leur intégration dans le concert des nations.
1914-1918 et la redéfinition de la guerre
Authors: Strachan Hew
Published: March 2014

La Première Guerre mondiale a contribué à redéfinir la notion de stratégie, lui donnant une dimension politique qu’elle n’avait pas auparavant. De nouvelles institutions ont été créées pour permettre aux civils et aux militaires d’échanger sur les grandes orientations stratégiques. Au-delà de la stratégie, la « guerre totale » de 1914-1918 a transformé l’idée même de guerre. La mémoire de ce conflit doit être perpétuée : sa valeur dissuasive pourrait nous prémunir d’une nouvelle montée des extrêmes.
1914-2014 : nation et nationalisme
Authors: de Senarclens Pierre
Published: March 2014

Les mobilisations de la Grande Guerre poussent leurs racines dans des imaginaires nationaux façonnés par le xix e siècle dans les pays d’Europe. Le double traumatisme des guerres mondiales engendre le déclin des nationalismes et la mise en place de nouvelles logiques de reconstruction des sociétés. La mondialisation remet encore en cause l’étroit cadre national, mais la crise actuelle de l’Union européenne montre que la démocratie a quelque mal à s’émanciper du cadre de la nation.
Deuil des héros antiques
Authors: Bonnellier Roseline
Published: March 2014

Le héros est à l’origine un « demi-dieu ». Lorsque les dieux antiques se retirent, il perd l’adresse divine à laquelle le reliait sa gloire « immortelle ». Le destin de l’homme, ce « héros », change catégoriquement. Il nous faut nous en retourner dans le « temps » qui est plus « proprement » le nôtre, sur terre. Mais le deuil des héros antiques est « infini ». Le « complexe » descend du « mythe » tragique d’Œdipe.
L'héroïsme à l'adolescence comme mise à l'épreuve des théories infantiles sur la mort
Authors: Fulchiron Héléna , Rassial Jean-Jacques
Published: March 2014

Les conduites ordaliques adolescentes seraient une mise en interrogation des théories infantiles sur la mort et ainsi sur la condition de mortel de l’autre et de soi. L’adolescence serait un passage qui permettrait de conjoindre les théories sexuelles infantiles et les théories sur la mort et ainsi permettre une mise en acte d’un désir de savoir. Meurtre et loi du talion issus du temps œdipien seraient deux des modèles inconscients de l’adolescent qui tente de faire avec son incomplétude et celle de l’Autre.
Filosofía de la guerra
Authors: Aznar Fernández-Montesinos Federico
Published: March 2014

La guerra es una actividad que escapa al plano militar por donde normalmente es vehiculada. Es una actividad inherentemente política y dotada de una lógica propia, una lógica de transformación bien distinta de la aproximación lineal con la que se manejan los asuntos cotidianos. La guerra es una realidad social que precisa ser estudiada científicamente; de la ignorancia, al igual que sucede en cualquier enfermedad, no se desprende nada bueno.
El trabajo de las Fuerzas Armadas Españolas y la Cultura de la Defensa
Authors: Fernández Vargas Valentina
Published: March 2014

El mundo actual vive un proceso de globalización. Eso da lugar a desacuerdos políticos que pueden originar guerras civiles o nuevos conflictos inconcebibles en el pasado, como el atentado terrorista en las Torres Gemelas de Nueva York (2001) o en la estación de Atocha de Madrid (2004). Como consecuencia ha habido intervenciones internacionales cada vez que se ha considerado necesario. Así (respetando siempre los acuerdos internacionales), las Fuerzas Armadas españolas han actuado en distintos territorios. Esas Fuerzas representan por primera vez a la sociedad española, incluidos las mujeres y los inmigrantes con especiales relaciones con España.
Acercando los archivos a los ciudadanos. Una experiencia desde el Portal de Archivos Españoles (PARES) del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte
Authors: Sánchez Mairena Alfonso
Published: March 2014

El Portal de Archivos Españoles supone la tercera generación en la informatización de los Archivos Estatales. Está destinado a facilitar a los investigadores y a los ciudadanos el acceso integrado en red a las bases de datos archivísticas de los ocho grandes archivos de titularidad estatal distribuidos por la geografía española, al mismo tiempo que se van incorporando los facsímiles u objetos digitales de los documentos. Al mismo tiempo, PARES elabora una línea de herramientas para la gestión electrónica de los servicios públicos ofrecidos en la red de centros a los investigadores y ciudadanos que acceden presencialmente. Y en tercer lugar, PARES es una plataforma destinada a favorecer todas las estrategias de difusión posibles. Fundamentalmente, la plataforma es a día de hoy un repositorio para la creación, gestión y difusión de los archivos históricos; no obstante, se encuentra en proceso de transformación para adecuarse a los conceptos de “archivos abiertos”, al mismo tiempo que hacia los presupuestos de la Web 2.0. Para ello, se están llevando a cabo diferentes líneas de actuación como es la conversión de PARES en un repositorio OAI-PMH, que permita interoperar con otros sistemas de información archivístico, tanto españoles como internacionales; y se están elaborando nuevas herramientas y estándares para la incorporación de Puntos de Acceso multilingües.
Ciencia y política en el exilio republicano de 1939: un ethos cientificista para la legitimidad republicana
Authors: López Sánchez José María
Published: March 2014

Este artículo trata de analizar la vinculación entre ciencia y política en el exilio republicano de 1939. Esta relación se forjó en torno a la construcción de un ethos cientificista que defendía el ejercicio de una ciencia moderna porque los valores morales y éticos derivados de la misma tenían que validar el programa político liberal y democrático del exilio republicano. De esta forma los científicos exiliados entendieron que su mejor contribución a la resistencia antifranquista pasaba por la elaboración de un discurso opositor basado en las virtudes de la ciencia moderna, antítesis de la cosmovisión científica que poseía el academicismo franquista, anquilosada en una concepción medieval de la ciencia. Las páginas de la revista Ciencia, fundada en 1940, fueron su testimonio.
Involving Parents at Step One in the Freshman Engineering Experience
Authors: Budny Dan , Paul Cheryl A. , Newborg Beth B.
Published: March 2014

The transition from high school to college can be very difficult for many students. The authors believe that parents can advocate on behalf of their children by educating themselves on particular transitional challenges their children potentially face, as well as by helping these freshmen daughters and sons establish realistic educational and social goals. Parents can assist their children by helping them to anticipate the significant transitions that occur during the freshman year. This paper will acquaint the reader with three key transitional challenges new college students face, and offer an approach to productive interactions between the Swanson Schoolâ??s orientation facilitators/freshmen faculty and the parents to ease these challenges. The paper will demonstrate the importance of making parents part of the first year orientation and educational process. Steadily improving persistence rates at the University of Pittsburghâ??s Swanson School of Engineering indicate that educating new students and parents in realistically anticipating first year challenges allows first year to successfully work through key freshman year challenges.
Practice-oriented Learning as a Way to Meet Employers’ Requirements to Graduates
Authors: Chuchalin Alexander , Minin Mikhail , Vyuzhanina Natalia
Published: March 2014

The article considers the current state of engineering education in Europe in general and in Russia in particular in the light of the need to meet employers’ requirement to graduates, and the role of practice-oriented learning technologies in this process. The demand for graduates on the labour market and their competitiveness is seen as the main indicator of the education system ability to react and adapt to the market demands. Thus the employers’ requirements should be one of the most important drivers for the learning process. And the practice-oriented learning technologies are given as the most effective answer to these needs as they imply involvement of the employer and solution of real-world tasks and problems.
The Student Conference: A Model of Authentic Assessment
Authors: Larkin Teresa L
Published: March 2014

In the global marketplace, the ability to communicate, both orally and in writing, is a skillset demanded by employers. Unfortunately, typical academic exercises that involve written and oral communication are often just that â?¦ academic exercises. To provide a more authentic and robust experience, a student conference activity has been developed for use in a second-level physics course entitled Physics for a New Millennium (PNM) at American University (AU). This activity involves writing a formal research paper using professional guidelines. In addition, students present their research paper during a class event modeled after an actual professional conference. A focus of this paper is to discuss the assessment strategies developed for the conference paper activity. A major goal of the assessment strategies designed for the conference paper and the associated presentation is to better capture (and then assess) what students are actually learning in the course. This paper will provide an overview of the student conference paper activity with emphasis on its value as an alternative assessment tool. To that end, a synopsis of how the conference paper activity has been designed will be shared. This synopsis will begin with a general discussion of assessment, assessment methods, and the â??language of assessment.â? Following this synopsis a model of non-traditional assessment using the student conference paper will be highlighted. Subsequently a description of the course curriculum and the specific structure for the writing activity will be outlined as they relate to the learning outcomes for the course. Shadowing the presentation of the course-specific learning outcomes, a description of the strategies used to uncover student learning will be shared. These strategies provide an opportunity for multiple assessment â??snapshotsâ? to be made throughout various phases of the learning process. To illustrate these snapshots, examples from actual student work will be presented and discussed. The assessment strategies developed for the student conference paper can be used as an alternative, or as a supplement, to more traditional pencil and paper examinations, quizzes, and homework assignments. Whether used as a stand-alone assessment tool or coupled with more traditional measures, the model presented here can provide an enhanced and more authentic way to capture what students are actually learning while the learning is taking place.
Evaluation of Organochlorine Pesticides and Sex Steroids in Lower Niagara River Lake Sturgeon
Authors: Jacobs Gregory R. , Gundersen Deke T. , Webb Molly A. H. , Gorsky Dimitry , Kohl Kristina , Lockwood Kelsey
Published: March 2014

As a long-lived, late-maturing species, lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens are vulnerable to the bioaccumulation of contaminants, which may impact reproductive physiology. The purpose of this study was to use a nondestructive method to investigate the relationship between endocrine-disrupting contaminants and sex steroids in lake sturgeon from the lower Niagara River. We screened blood plasma samples from lower Niagara River lake sturgeon (n  =  63) during April and May of 2012 for concentrations of 17 organochlorine (OC) contaminants that may affect endocrine function, as well as for abnormal levels of sex steroids testosterone (T) and 17β-estradiol (E2). We found detectable levels of two OC contaminants in the blood plasma of lake sturgeon, DDE (n  =  21) and γ-BHC (n  =  1). In both cases, plasma contaminant concentration was well below levels known to adversely affect sturgeon reproductive physiology. In addition, qualitative analysis of chromatographs from plasma extracts did not show the presence of other peaks that matched polychlorinated biphenyl standard peaks. Comparisons of plasma steroid levels with those of others from the literature gave no indication of endocrine disruption, though plasma T levels were notably high in the lower Niagara River population. We conclude that plasma OC levels are below threshold levels found in the scientific literature that would affect lake sturgeon reproductive physiology, and that it is unlikely that significant contaminant-mediated endocrine disruption is occurring in this population.
Engagement of SLAMF2/CD48 Prolongs the Time Frame of Effective T Cell Activation by Supporting Mature Dendritic Cell Survival
Authors: Kis-Toth Katalin , Tsokos George C.
Published: March 2014

Signaling lymphocyte activation molecule family (SLAMF)2/CD48 is a coactivator and adhesion molecule on cells with hematopoietic origin. It ligates mainly SLAMF4 on effector/memory CD8+ T cells and NK cells, suggesting a potential role during viral infection, with SLAMF2 acting as a ligand to activate SLAMF4-bearing cells. The ability of SLAMF2 to signal on its own after it is engaged and the functional consequences are largely unknown. We found that cytosolic DNA-activated dendritic cells (DCs) upregulate the expression of SLAMF2 molecules. Using anti-SLAMF2 Ab and SLAMF4 recombinant protein, we found that SLAMF2 engagement activates immature DCs and, more interestingly, prolongs the survival of DNA-activated DCs by inhibiting IFN-β production and IFN-β–induced apoptosis and promotes the production of the granzyme B inhibitor protease inhibitor-9. Thus, SLAMF2 can serve as a survival molecule for DNA-activated DCs during their interaction with SLAMF4-expressing cytotoxic T cells. Based on our results, we propose that SLAMF2 engagement regulates adaptive immune responses by providing longer access of putative APCs to virus-specific effector T cells by prolonging the time frame of effective stimulation.
The Inferior Frontal Gyrus and Cough
Authors: Maslehaty Homajoun , Petridis Athanasios K.
Published: March 2014

We present a case of a patient with a tumor close to the right inferior frontal gyrus. The only symptom this patient had was a disturbing dry cough. After removal of the tumor the cough disappeared immediately. Review of the literature showed that there is a control center of voluntary cough in the right inferior frontal gyrus. Our case suggests that there might be such a center, which can be affected by a tumor close to it.
Rocks and minerals for the collector, northeastern Nova Scotia, Cape Breton Island, and Prince Edward Island
Authors: Sabina A P
Published: March 2014

Occurrences of minerals, rocks, and fossils are described from seventy-five easily accessible localities in northeastern Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. A few rocks and minerals are suitable for ornamental purposes, but the majority of the deposits furnish
specimen material only. In the area between Dartmouth and the Strait of Canso, there are numerous old gold mines and a few copper, lead, tungsten, and iron mines. Good specimens of specularite, siderite, arsenopyrite, and andalusite can be collected. In the Antigonish-Amherst region, attractive
specimens of copper-bearing plant fossils are found in old copper mines. Other deposits include hematite, barite, celestine, agalmatolite, diatomite, and limestone. In Cape Breton, there are numerous deposits of gypsum and limestone, including crystalline and shell limestones. Metallic-mineral
specimens can be obtained from old lead, zinc, copper, and bismuth mines. Attractive barite-fluorite specimens are found in old mines near Lake Ainslie. Two ornamental-type rocks suitable for the lapidary are described: Mainadieu felsite breccia and Scotch Lake serpentine-bearing crystalline
limestone. Shoreline exposures of sedimentary rocks in Prince Edward Island provide specimens of mineralized fossil plant remains. Good specimens of barite, crystalline quartz, and hematite are found at a locality near Charlottetown, and an uncommon copper mineral - paratacamite - occurs near
Summerside.
Some properties of annihilators of modules
Authors: Esterhuyse A.
Published: March 2014

Some relationships which exist between the properties of a module and its annihilator are displayed in Proposition 4.
The historical development of physical research on the oceans bordering Southern Africa
Authors: Lutjeharms J. R. E.
Published: March 2014

Two archetypal ocean circulation patterns occur in the oceanic areas adjacent to southern Africa, namely, a western boundary current on the east coast and upwelling on the west coast. Investigation on the physical behaviour of these systems has passed through phases of exploratory, descriptive and phenomenological research. These historical research patterns are described briefly using mostly the publication rates on the physical oceanology of the areas in question.
Plantolie as dieselbrandstofaanvuller: Stabiliteitseienskappe van vetsuuresterbrandstof wat uit sonneblomsaadolie berei is
Authors: Du Plessis L. M.
Published: March 2014

Plaaslike en oorsese toetse het getoon dat dieselenjins met indirekte inspuitstelsels bevredigend met ongemodifiseerde plantolie kan werk. Dieselenjins met direkte inspuitstelsels werk egter beter met vetsuuresters wat van sonneblomolie berei is as met die ongemodifiseerde olie.
A new method for compensation of losses in electronic power switches using bipolar power transistors
Authors: Van Wyk J. D. , Schoeman J. J.
Published: March 2014

The contribution proposes a novel method for reduction of voltage drop across Darlington circuits when used as power switches and reports preliminary experimental results. The compensation leads to at least an effective doubling of the energy efficiency of the switch while no detrimental effects on current fall time have been found. The scheme is easily realisable in modern electronic technology.
Opiate receptors and opioid peptides: "The poppies of the mind"
Authors: Meyer B. J.
Published: March 2014

In 1964 β-lipotropin, a compound consisting of 91 amino acids, was isolated from the adenohypophysis. In 1973, opiate receptors were found to be present in different areas of the brain and it was postulated that the brain probably produces opiate-like substances which react with these receptors. This finding was followed with an intensive search for opiate-like substances, resulting in the isolation of two groups of substances which react with the opiate receptors. These were named the encephalins and the endorphins. All members of these two groups were either peptides or polypeptides and the amino-acid sequence of each corresponded to the amino-acid sequence of specific segments of β-lipotropin.
Barium hexaferrite ceramic permanent magnets
Authors: Richter P. W. , Hart S.
Published: March 2014

Barium hexaferrite ceramic permanent magnets were manufactured using a locally produced iron oxide. The effect of sintering temperature on the coercivity, remanence, shape of the hysteresis loops, density and shrinkage was studied. The results indicated that grain growth during the sintering process limited the sintering temperature to 1 200 °C for this material in order to obtain satisfactory values for the coercivity, while remanence and density were optimum at a higher sintering temperature of about 1 230 °C.
Immunisering van pasgeborenes teen hepatitis B
Authors: Prozesky O. W.
Published: March 2014

Endemiese hepatitis B is ’n emstige gesondheidsprobleem in KaNgwane, tuiste van Suid-Afrika se Swazi’s. Besmetting met die hepatitis B-virus (HBV) is so algemeen in hierdie gemeenskap en vind alreeds so vroeg in die lewe plaas dat inenting van pasgeborenes regverdigbaar en wenslik is.
How photos of planets reach the earth
Authors: Roos C.
Published: March 2014

The way in which photos of planets are transmitted to the earth is discussed. Problems that may arise during transmission are mentioned and a method to detect and correct errors is discussed. This is a survey article and the aim was not to give a rigorous mathematical explanation.
Nuclear safety in perspective
Authors: Basson J. K.
Published: March 2014

The impending operation of South Africa’s first nuclear power station, Koeberg, necessitates a thorough analysis of nuclear safety under local conditions. More is known, worldwide, about radiation effects than about any other health hazard, and international norms have already been accepted since 1928. The widespread use of X-rays and radio-isotopes, the extraction and processing of uranium, visits by nuclear-powered ships and, especially, the nuclear-reactor operation in South Africa. Consequently, the pre-operational investigations of Koeberg could be completed thoroughly, with full confidence in its safe commissioning.
Preliminary test-shrinkage estimators
Authors: Lemmer H. H.
Published: March 2014

The advantages of using the very simple shrinkage estimator TL proposed by Lemmer rather than that proposed by Mehta and Srivivasan in the case of preliminary test estimators for parameters of the normal, binomial and Poisson distributions are examined.
A contribution to the basidiocarp morphology of Coprinus comatus
Authors: Winterboer A. , Eicker A.
Published: March 2014

The shape of the pileus of Coprinus comatus (Müll. ex. Fr.) S.F. Gray changes during development from ovulate to bellshaped. The hyphae bear clamp connections, have dolipores in the septa and are of two kinds: wide, inflated and narrower, thread-like hyphae. The gills have three layers: trama, sub-hymenium and hymenium. The hymenial layer is densely packed with basidia representing two generations, and cystidia intermingled with the basidia. Vesicles and glycogen granules are found in the basidia. The basidiospore is ellipsoidal and has a thick multilayered wall.