bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems (LAWS): Towards global regulation or indiscriminate employment?
Authors: Filipović Aleksa
Published: April 2023

Modern battlefields around the globe demonstrated the employment of the next generation of weapons which are colloquially designated as "killer robots", or Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems (LAWS). Although LAWS, for now, are always under the supervision of the human operator, the technological advancements in Artificial Intelligence allow for such weapon systems to achieve a significant degree of autonomy, including the autonomy over the decision-making process of utilizing the lethal force against the human targets. Due to the lack of global regulation for the research, production, and deployment of LAWS, they are seeing more and more employment in contemporary battlefields, from Libya, Syria, Yemen, and Nagorno-Karabakh to Ukraine. The goals of this article are to understand the limitations of the AI that can be employed in LAWS; to present an overview of the current LAWS via the available public data; to assess the state of the regulations of the LAWS, by employing comparative analysis of strategies and positions towards LAWS from the side of the EU, the USA, China, Russia, and India. The results of this research demonstrate that barring the EU which is in the process of adopting a regulation that will enforce a total ban on the LAWS, the other major powers express a balanced approach towards this issue by reserving rights to develop and employ LAWS for the goals of their national security, per the Article 36 of the 1977 Additional Protocol I to the 1949 Geneva Conventions.
Sudden cardiac death in sports
Authors: Egger F , Ukaj A , Hollander K
Published: April 2023

Problem and objective: To inform about the incidence, causes and prevention measures of sudden cardiac death in sports. Methods: A literature search was performed (PubMed, Web of Science, Researchgate) using the terms sudden cardiac death (SCD), sudden cardiac arrest (SCA), sudden death, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, sport, exercise and athlete. Observational studies, systematic reviews and meta-analyses that examined SCD/SCA during exercise or up to one hour afterwards in recreational, competitive or elite athletes were considered. Results: Of 6350 study titles and abstracts 11 full-text studies were included in this clinical review. When the incidence was calculated based on multiple sports, it varied between populations and ranged from 0.1 to 2.9/100,000 athlete-years (AY). The incidence was highest in male professional basketball players, with 19/100,000 AY. The most frequent cause of SCD/SCA in athletes >35 years was coronary artery disease (CAD), while in younger athletes the predominating underlying pathologies (autopsy-negative sudden unexplained death, myocarditis, cardiomyopathies, coronary artery anomalies and premature CAD) differed by region. The most effective screening tool for cardiovascular disease in athletes is the ECG. Survival after CPR is substantially influenced by the use of an automated external defibrillator (AED). Discussion: SCD/SCA in athletes is a rare but very tragic event. Incidence rates in athletes differ among populations, studies, and sports. Some degree of underreporting can be assumed as there is no mandatory reporting of sports-related SCD/SCA in most countries and few scientific registries exist. Potentially, primary screening measures could be adapted to the regionally different causes of SCD/SCA. In addition, training athletes and staff in the use of an AED is paramount to improving survival rates.
Diferencias en las percepciones del alumnado universitario sobre apoyos docentes según metodología, grado de estudios y edad
Authors: Abellán Roselló Laura , Fernández Rodicio Clara Isabel , Reyes Suarez Diana Carolina
Published: April 2023

This paper examines the relationships between teaching support, accessibility, and closeness of teachers, support for autonomy, and support for content understanding, through a non-experimental quantitative study, based on a descriptive correlational design. Data were collected from the standardized questionnaire on teaching support, which was administered to 288 university students from three Spanish universities. We conducted a bivariate Pearson correlation between the support variables, finding a positive and significant correlation between them. As a comparison, a Student's t-test was performed for independent samples in terms of age, and mode of studies. As a result of this test, significant differences were found between the groups. However, no significant differences were found according to the modality (bachelor's degree or master's degree). Finally, a single-factor ANOVA was performed for differences according to study methodology (face-to-face or virtual). The results showed significant differences, with the virtual methodology presenting higher scores. Finally, the implications of the findings obtained for higher education are discussed.

En este trabajo se analiza las relaciones existentes entre los apoyos docentes: accesibilidad y cercanía del profesorado, apoyo a la autonomía y apoyo a la comprensión del contenido, a través de un estudio cuantitativo no experimental, con un diseño descriptivo correlacional. Se aplicó la Escala sobre apoyos docentes y estrategias de evitación a 288 estudiantes universitarios matriculados en tres universidades españolas. Para el análisis de los datos se ejecutó una correlación bivariada de Pearson entre las variables de apoyo, encontrando una correlación positiva media y significativa entre las relaciones estudiadas. Por otro lado, se realizó una prueba t de Student para muestras independientes, para medir diferencias entre la edad de los encuestados y otra para ver las diferencias entre si estaban matriculados en una titulación de grado o de máster. Los resultados de esta prueba arrojaron diferencias significativas según la edad, pero no según la modalidad. Por último, se realizó un ANOVA de un solo factor para las diferencias según la metodología de estudio (presenciales o virtual). Los resultados arrojaron diferencias significativas, siendo la metodología virtual la que presenta puntuaciones más elevadas. Finalmente, se discuten las implicaciones de los hallazgos obtenidos para la educación superior.
ASCE-NOAA leadership summit on climate-ready infrastructure:
Authors: Parris Adam , Heitsch Samantha , Carlson D'Arcy
Published: April 2023

This document summarizes presentations and discussions from the February 2023 ASCE-NOAA Leadership Summit. It also presents key takeaways from the Summit for NIST to consider in advancing community resilience planning and assessment through community user guidance, particularly via updates to NIST's Community Resilience Program published the Community Resilience Planning Guide (CRPG).
Nodos, centralidad y éxito legislativo en México: redes políticas en la Cámara de Diputados
Authors: Solís Delgadillo Diego , Cortez Salinas Josafat
Published: April 2023

Objetivo: este estudio examina la influencia de las medidas de centralidad de los diputados en la probabilidad de éxito de las iniciativas de ley en la LXIII Legislatura de la Cámara de Diputados en México (2015-2018). Metodología: al analizar los copatrocinios y suscripciones de las iniciativas legislativas, construimos una red y estimamos diferentes medidas de centralidad. Posteriormente, utilizamos modelos de regresión logística para evaluar el efecto de estas variables sobre la probabilidad de aprobación de la iniciativa. Conclusiones: nuestros hallazgos sugieren que los legisladores con un alto número de conexiones, medido por grado-salidas, son más propensos a ver aprobadas sus iniciativas. Esto se debe a las relaciones recíprocas que surgen de apoyar los proyectos de otros legisladores. Originalidad: nuestros resultados, obtenidos a partir de 5.275 observaciones, ofrecen nuevas perspectivas sobre la influencia de las conexiones del legislador y el éxito de sus iniciativas, y añaden a la comprensión existente del Poder Legislativo mexicano.
Las tres crisis del regionalismo latinoamericano contemporáneo: factores causales más allá de la falta de voluntad política
Authors: Santos-Carrillo Francisco
Published: April 2023

Objetivo: el trabajo analiza las causas de la crisis del regionalismo latinoamericano, y busca las razones que determinan su naturaleza, alcance y consecuencias, así como los dilemas que plantean las distintas opciones de salida. Metodología: a partir de una definición del concepto de crisis, se propone un modelo de análisis que rastrea procesos de gobernanza significativos y factores de crisis en los niveles sistémico, regional y doméstico, utilizando una serie de indicadores que permiten interpretar su impacto sobre los proyectos del regionalismo latinoamericano y sus efectos en forma de crisis. Conclusiones: los hallazgos sugieren la existencia de condicionamientos estructurales que superan los paradigmas establecidos y dinámicas políticas que fueron incapaces de superar sus contradicciones, lo que propició una triple crisis, de resultados, de modelo y de expectativas, cuyos efectos inciden directamente sobre la credibilidad de los proyectos. La crisis, por tanto, no aparece como una mera cuestión de voluntad política, sino como una compleja combinación de múltiples factores que involucran a los Estados, y a otros actores y fuerzas sociales nacionales e internacionales. Originalidad: el artículo amplía las perspectivas analíticas del regionalismo latinoamericano, al plantear un enfoque novedoso que ayuda a comprender mejor sus particularidades frente a otros regionalismos, y abre la posibilidad de continuar y profundizar el análisis empírico de cada uno de los regionalismos en particular.
Sikap terhadap vaksin Covid-19: Perbedaannya menurut faktor demografis, kesehatan, dan ekonomi serta pengaruhnya pada intensi vaksinasi
Authors: Zahra Aning Az , Husna Aftina Nurul
Published: April 2023

One way to deal with the COVID-19 outbreak is by vaccination of COVID-19. On    the other hand, there are still some attitude responses to the vaccine, There are acceptance, hesitance, and resistance. This study aims to (1) determine the differences in attitudes towards the Covid-19 vaccine in terms of demographic factors, health factors, and economic factors. (2) find out whether attitudes towards the Covid-19 vaccine affect the intention (willingness) to be vaccinated. The method in this study uses quantitative methods using descriptive statistical analysis. Testing the hypothesis that there are differences in attitudes towards the Covid-19 vaccine according to demographic factors, health status, and personal economic conditions using ANOVA while testing the effect of attitudes towards the Covid-19 vaccine on vaccination intentions using Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis. The results of this study were attitudes towards Covid-19 vaccination (SVC) based on different demographic factors based on age (F = 2.98, p < 0.05). Age >45 years and over represents more doubt. The difference between SVC and health status was very significant in terms of having been infected or not (F=7.246, p<0.01).
Keyakinan yang mendukung tindak kekerasan perundungan berdasarkan perspektif perbedaan jenis kelamin
Authors: Borualogo Ihsana Sabriani , Kusdiyati Sulisworo , Wahyudi Hedi
Published: April 2023

Previous studies on bullying revealed the high frequency of bullying incidents in West Java Province. Bandung is among the highest bullying incidents rate in West Java. This study aimed to explore the contribution of beliefs supporting violence to bullying in boys and girls. Beliefs supporting violence is one of the bullying predictors, but there is still limited study exploring beliefs supporting violence in Indonesia from the perspective of gender differences. This study used a cross-sectional design. A representative sample of elementary and junior high school students in Kota Bandung (N = 1,539) was obtained from a stratified cluster random sampling technique. There were 53.2% girls and 46.8% boys. Belief supporting violence instrument and bullying perpetration instrument that have been adapted into Indonesian were used in this study. Data were analyzed using linear regression. Beliefs supporting violence contributed significantly to physical bullying in girls (β = 0.182; p = 0.000) and boys (β = 0.141; p = 0.000), verbal bullying in girls (β = 0.248; p = 0.000) and boys (β = 0.247; p = 0.000), and psychological bullying in girls (β = 0.110; p = 0.002) and boys (β = 0.085; p = 0.023). The socio-ecological theory from Bronfenbrenner was used to explain the results. Beliefs supporting violence contributed significantly to bullying perpetration in boys and girls. Boys have higher mean scores on beliefs supporting violence compared to girls. However, gender did not moderate beliefs supporting violence to bullying perpetration. Parents and teachers shall consider any violent incidents caused by beliefs supporting violence that predict school bullying incidents. This cautious hopefully will help to decrease the number of bullying perpetration cases.
Bias in nutrition-health associations is not eliminated by excluding extreme reporters in empirical or simulation studies
Authors: Yamamoto Nao , Ejima Keisuke , Zoh Roger S , Brown Andrew W
Published: April 2023

Self-reported nutrition intake (NI) data are prone to reporting bias that may induce bias in estimands in nutrition studies; however, they are used anyway due to high feasibility. We examined whether applying Goldberg cutoffs to remove ‘implausible’ self-reported NI could reliably reduce bias compared to biomarkers for energy, sodium, potassium, and protein. Using the Interactive Diet and Activity Tracking in the American Association of Retired Persons (IDATA) data, significant bias in mean NI was removed with Goldberg cutoffs (120 among 303 participants excluded). Associations between NI and health outcomes (weight, waist circumference, heart rate, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, and VO2 max) were estimated, but sample size was insufficient to evaluate bias reductions. We therefore simulated data based on IDATA. Significant bias in simulated associations using self-reported NI was reduced but not completely eliminated by Goldberg cutoffs in 14 of 24 nutrition-outcome pairs; bias was not reduced for the remaining 10 cases. Also, 95% coverage probabilities were improved by applying Goldberg cutoffs in most cases but underperformed compared with biomarker data. Although Goldberg cutoffs may achieve bias elimination in estimating mean NI, bias in estimates of associations between NI and outcomes will not necessarily be reduced or eliminated after application of Goldberg cutoffs. Whether one uses Goldberg cutoffs should therefore be decided based on research purposes and not general rules.
Importance of Glutamine in Synaptic Vesicles Revealed by Functional Studies of SLC6A17 and Its Mutations Pathogenic for Intellectual Disability
Authors: Jia Xiaobo , Zhu Jiemin , Bian Xiling , Liu Sulin , Yu Sihan , Liang Wenjun , Jiang Lifen , Mao Renbo , Rao Yi
Published: April 2023

Human mutations in the gene encoding the solute carrier (SLC) 6A17 caused intellectual disability (ID). The physiological role of SLC6A17 and pathogenesis of Slc6a17-based-ID were both unclear. Here we report learning deficits in SLC6A17 knockout and point mutants. Biochemistry, proteomics and electron microscopy (EM) support SLC6A17 protein localization in synaptic vesicles (SVs). Chemical analysis of SVs by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) revealed glutamine (Gln) in SVs containing SLC6A17. Virally mediated overexpression of SLC6A17 increased Gln in SVs. Either genetic or virally mediated targeting of SLC6A17 reduced Gln in SVs. One ID mutation caused SLC6A17 mislocalization while the other caused defective Gln transport. Multidisciplinary approaches with 7 types of genetically modified mice have shown Gln as an endogenous substrate of SLC 6A17, uncovered Gln as a new molecule in SVs, established the necessary and sufficient roles of SLC6A17 in Gln transport into SVs, and suggested SV Gln decrease as the key pathogenetic mechanism in human ID.
Automatic detection of semantic primitives using optimization based on genetic algorithm
Authors: Kostiuk Yevhen , Pichardo-Lagunas Obdulia , Malandii Anton , Sidorov Grigori
Published: April 2023

In this article, we propose a method for the automatic retrieval of a set of semantic primitive words from an explanatory dictionary and a novel evaluation procedure for the obtained set of primitives. The approach is based on the representation of the dictionary as a directed graph with a single-objective constrained optimization problem via a genetic algorithm with the PageRank scoring model. The problem is defined as a subset selection. The algorithm is fit to search for the sets of words that should fulfil several requirements: the cardinality of the set should not exceed empirically selected limits and the PageRank word importance score is minimized with cycle prevention thresholding. In the experiments, we used the WordNet dictionary for English. The proposed method is an improvement over the previous state-of-the-art solutions.
Acción, actitud, valor y contexto en el texto de la Ilíada
Authors:   Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campos Winter Hugo
Published: April 2023

La Ilíada es una obra cumbre de la cultura occidental y fuente de sentido para la clarificación de la comunicación humana. El estudio del poema se ha enfocado en un análisis basado en el significado referencial de los conceptos valóricos, elidiéndose el fondo conversacional desde donde emergen y adquieren sentido. En este artículo se estudia dicho fondo mediante un amalgamiento de la psicología discursiva y la psicología de las concepciones de mundo. Con el modelo de acción discursiva se analizan los actos de habla, actitudes, valores y contextos desplegados por los personajes en secuencias conversacionales dios-dios, héroe-héroe y dios-héroe. Se encontró que hay una prevalencia de patrones de actos de habla directos ejecutivos y comportamentales, actitudes objetivas activas, valores competitivos individualistas y contextos de contradicción y jerárquicos. Con este enfoque se da una nueva vitalidad al estudio conceptual del poema homérico y se proyectan nuevos estudios.
La intensificación pragmática como estrategia argumentativa en el discurso del rey de España Felipe VI
Authors:   Departamento de Ciencias del Lenguaje, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Córdoba, López Quero Salvador
Published: April 2023

Este trabajo analiza la intensificación pragmática como estrategia argumentativa en el discurso pronunciado por el rey de España Felipe VI el 3 de octubre de 2017, dos días después del referéndum ilegal de independencia celebrado en Cataluña el 1 de octubre. El análisis de los diferentes mecanismos intensificadores, regidos por las funciones expresiva y apelativa en actos de habla ilocutivos y perlocutivos, muestra, en la estrategia discursiva global, el enfrentamiento entre las ideologías constitucionalista y la independentista.
El otro pintoresco de Paris - Londres : nuevos recorridos peatonales : Centro cultural y pasarelas en el edificio Copacabana
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Arquitectura, Diseño y Estudios Urbanos, Ríos Rey Francisca
Published: April 2023

La tesis trata sobre los criterios estéticos utilizados para dar valor a barrios patrimoniales designados como pintorescos. La actual valorización de lo pintoresco enfoca el esfuerzo de conservación en la fachada. La tesis propone que el contexto inmediato a estas áreas es igual de importante de conservar. El problema radica entre aquello que es escogido para conservarse por sobre aquello que queda susceptible a su desaparición. Para esto la tesis comienza con una discusión bibliográfica sobre el termino pintoresco. De esta discusión se destaca la irregularidad como característica fundamental del pintoresco en el siglo XVIII, él pintoresco entendido actualmente como paisaje urbano y el pintoresco definido como “carácter ambiental” en la normativa. A partir de estas definiciones la tesis se pregunta ¿Qué se entiende por pintoresco actualmente? ¿Por qué es utilizado este término? ¿Qué hace a estos barrios estéticamente diferentes a los demás? Para responderlas, se toma como caso de estudio el barrio Paris - Londres realizando una búsqueda de los elementos pintorescos del barrio. A partir de este análisis surgen nuevos lugares que forman parte de lo pintoresco y que se encuentran en las medianeras, fondos de sitio, e intervenciones. A partir de este análisis se comprueba la importancia del contexto inmediato de los barrios patrimoniales y que estos nuevos lugares pueden ser potenciales sitio de proyecto. Finalmente se propone intervenir el edificio de estacionamientos Copacabana, adyacente a la zona patrimonial, para renovarlo como paseo público y centro cultural. La propuesta consiste en abrir un nuevo espacio público, a la manera de Paris-Londres, penetrando la manzana y mostrando las medianeras y fondos como un nuevo paisaje urbano. A partir de aquí surgen nuevas preguntas en cuanto a las zonas típicas o pintorescas ¿Cómo se relacionan las zonas patrimoniales con su contexto inmediato? y ¿Cómo se puede pensar la conservación de estas áreas más allá de la protección de las fachadas con el fin de ponerlas en valor?
Revisión sistemática sobre conocimiento pedagógico general
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Educación, Atria Curi Sofía Ignacia
Published: April 2023

Se realiza una revisión sistemática del concepto propuesto por Shulman (1986) “Conocimiento Pedagógico General” (CPG) para definir el constructo que contribuirá en la elaboración de un instrumento de evaluación que mida conocimiento pedagógico general en docentes noveles. El CPG se constituye como un componente clave para la formación inicial docente, dado que comprende el conocimiento y herramientas base con las que debe contar un profesor para ejercer. Según Shulman (2001) refiere a aquellos principios y estrategias generales de manejo y organización de la clase que trascienden el ámbito de la asignatura. En Chile, se han aplicado pruebas que contienen preguntas que han medido CPG, sin embargo, no ha sido suficientemente evaluado. En este documento, se realiza una revisión sistemática, a modo de insumo, que contribuirá a la construcción de una prueba que mida, en específico, CPG en Chile, en la formación inicial de profesores, como propuesta para responder a la exigencia de la Ley 20.903 referida a las evaluaciones diagnósticas que deben aplicar las instituciones formadoras en pedagogía a fin de implementar mejoras y poder acreditarse. La metodología es de tipo cualitativa, basada en la revisión de artículos científicos y documentos referidos a Formación Inicial Docente en Chile, desarrollando una sistematización de la información en el programa NVivo12 con los principales conceptos hallados en la literatura que permitan comprender el concepto. Entre los hallazgos, se define Conocimiento Pedagógico del Contenido y Conocimiento Pedagógico General, y aspectos relacionados como competencia profesional en la profesión docente, dimensiones del CPG (como por ej. reflexión y desarrollo del conocimiento profesional, creencias docentes). Finalmente, se propone una definición de CPG y variables que puedan medir el constructo como, por ejemplo, adaptabilidad, reflexividad, motivación, entre otros.
Controltech startup-investor fit y estrategia de escalamiento
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de Ingeniería, Tricarico D.
Published: April 2023

Controltech es un emprendimiento basado en tecnología cuyo objetivo es lograr “cero downtime” de las maquinarias de industria a través de modelos predictivos en reemplazo de los modelos preventivo o reactivo. En términos del problema, se expone que las empresas de mantenimiento y las mismas industrias con menor madurez digital, no tienen acceso a la información para anticipar fallas y poseen un enfoque reactivo o preventivo. El resultado comprende el aumento en gastos de mantenimiento, por lucro cesante. La solución se basa en un sistema de monitoreo a distancia, simple, no invasivo y en tiempo real, confirmando un abordaje predictivo en base a tecnología. El foco de esta tesis comprende evidenciar las diferentes fuentes de financiamiento disponibles en Latinoamérica, sus tendencias así como entender el interés por innovaciones y qué instancias debe resolver un emprendimiento para poder acceder a un proceso de levantamiento de fondos en estadío temprano. La hipótesis a validar comprende: El modelo de mantenimiento predictivo orientado a anticipar y reducir cortes inesperados en maquinarias industriales, posee un “fit“ con las fuentes de financiamiento de Latinoamérica. Con este fin, se han entrevistado a representantes de aceleradoras, “corporate venture capital“ y “venture capital“ con el fin de obtener insights e indicadores de posibles evoluciones del producto. La metodología utilizada en las 3 iteraciones fue basada en “running lean“ (Maurya, 2019) y en “three lenses of innovation“ (IDEO, 2020). Finalmente, en base a los hallazgos de las entrevistas con las fuentes de financiamiento, se concluyó que para obtener financiamiento se debía “pivotear“ hacia una nueva propuesta de valor basada en un chatbot “Software-as-a-Service“. Como último punto, en base al contexto actual de Covid-19, se resuelve pausar el desarrollo del emprendimiento con el fin de buscar condiciones macro más favorables.
Relevancia de la afectividad durante la atención clínica de la persona mayor con demencia severa (PMDS)
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Medicina, González Toledo Nelson Fernando
Published: April 2023

En Chile, la población de personas mayores fragilizadas y con alta dependencia, aumenta en forma sostenida. Parece oportuno, examinar las actuales recomendaciones socio-sanitarias para el abordaje clínico de dichos pacientes, y particularmente, en aquellos que presentan demencia en su etapa más severa (PMDS): por lo general, carentes de total autonomía y funcionalidad. Tales consideraciones incorporan como parte de una atención de calidad, el tratamiento de las «dimensiones afectivas» entre el profesional y el paciente, que, por consecuencia, implican actitudes de solidaridad y benevolencia, más allá del método científico. Debido a sus características clínicas, la PMDS no posee autonomía cognitiva y funcional. Fundamentos en ciencia y deontología, señalan un camino sobre cómo establecer defensa de los fundamentos principialistas en el paciente dependiente. Sin embargo, ¿esto es suficiente? El presente estudio, ha explorado sobre los antecedentes necesarios para analizar una verdadera toma de postura desde la ética frente a la PMDS, enfatizando el hecho de que, mediante nuestra capacidad de «fluir» en afectos y, por ende, en comprensión y apoyo hacia el paciente vulnerable, es posible identificar situaciones concretas de la vida profesional, para una atención de mayor calidad, no sólo técnica, sino también profundamente humana.
Intrinsic cortical dynamics in the hippocampus-PFC system and social interactions during collective navigation in a decision-making task
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Medicina, Lara Vásquez Ariel Fernando
Published: April 2023

Environmental sensory inputs and previously learned information to guide decision-making during complex behaviors such as foraging or navigation. Social mammals forage collectively, yet little is known about the influence of social interactions in decision-making during collective spatial navigation. To achieve efficient decision-making, social animals engaging in collective behavior must balance inherent and contingent factors, yet this process is not well understood. Here, I implemented a simplified spatial navigation task in rodents to assess the role of social interactions and found that they exert a powerful influence on individual decision-making. Indeed, instead of prioritizing memory-based pertinent information, mice shifted their decisions according to contingent social interactions arising during collective navigation. Dominance hierarchy, a form of a social ranking system, was an intrinsic social interaction relevant to organize the timing of behavior during collective navigation. Thus, individual task accuracy was dependent on the density of animals collectively moving during spatial navigation. Finally, dominance hierarchy correlated with brain-state specific coordinated activity expressed as larger hippocampal sharp-wave ripples associated with higher prefrontal firing rates, suggesting reinforced synaptic cortical coupling. These results suggest that both contingent and intrinsic social interactions modulate behavioral performance and are correlated with enhanced activity and connectivity patterns in the hippocampo-prefrontal circuit.
Nutrición e hidratación artificial en pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer en etapas avanzadas : consideraciones bioéticas
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Medicina, Sierra Tobón Lina María
Published: April 2023

El presente trabajo explora los fundamentos bioéticos de la iniciación, mantención y suspensión de Nutrición e Hidratación Artificial en pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer en etapas avanzadas. Los objetivos principales son: 1. Analizar si existe obligatoriedad moral de ofrecer Nutrición e Hidratación Artificial a personas con enfermedad de Alzheimer en etapas avanzadas. 2. Identificar los criterios éticos que permiten orientar la toma de decisiones, conjugando los deberes de preservar la vida y dejar morir en esta situación clínica. La metodología utilizada es una revisión bibliográfica actualizada sobre Demencia y Soporte Nutricional, consultando la postura de diversas sociedades científicas internacionales en torno al tema y tomando como punto de referencia la reciente Declaración Internacional de Cartagena, cuyo objetivo es promover el respeto a la dignidad humana y proteger el derecho al cuidado nutricional y a la alimentación en el ámbito clínico, velando por el respeto de la vida de los seres humanos y por sus libertades fundamentales. Como resultado del trabajo se propone un algoritmo de adecuación terapéutica, que orienta en la toma de decisiones y se concluye que no hay una norma absoluta, sino que el carácter moral de la Nutrición e Hidratación Artificial en pacientes con Alzheimer avanzado se refiere al uso de dicha intervención en el caso individual, considerando las circunstancias particulares. Se trata, por tanto, de un discernimiento ético que tiene en cuenta las variables clínicas relevantes, los principios éticos involucrados y la intencionalidad del agente, lo que permite llegar a un juicio prudencial individualizado.
Proyecto de tesis de Validación de Escala Multidimensional de Craving de Alcohol para la población chilena
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de Psicología, Varas María de los Ángeles
Published: April 2023

Validar la Escala Multidimensional de Craving de Alcohol (EMCA) para su uso en la población chilena. Método: Descripción y análisis del concepto de craving en alcohol. Aplicación de la EMCA a 387 pacientes, participantes del programa de alcohol y drogas de 17 centros ambulatorios de tratamiento en la ciudad de Santiago, incluyendo un 13vo ítem por parte del equipo chileno y su análisis. Procedimiento: Se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio de la escala a modo de determinar la presencia de dos factores al igual que en la versión original y que cada uno de ellos se asocia a los mismos ítems. Análisis para establecer la confiabilidad y la validez de constructo de ésta. Correlación entre la escala y cuestionarios de impulsividad (BIS 11) y de síndrome de abstinencia (SAW). Resultados: La consistencia interna da cuenta de que la precisión del factor de desinhibición conductual se encuentra por debajo de lo esperado al modelo original, lo que, sumado a los resultados del análisis factorial confirmatorio apunta a preferir modelos unidimensionales siendo estos más parsimoniosos. Se observa una correlación pequeña entre EMCA y BIS 11, pero en el caso del cuestionario SAW la correlación es mayor. Discusión: Si bien el factor de desinhibición conductual no se comporta de acuerdo a lo esperado, la escala desde un modelo unifactorial presenta resultados óptimos siendo recomendable su utilización en la población chilena. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que cuenta con buenas propiedades psicométricas, siendo un instrumento adecuado en su utilización en el diagnóstico y tratamiento del craving para patologías como los trastornos por consumo de alcohol.
Resenha: a farsa neoliberal
Authors: Stavizki Junior Carlos
Published: April 2023

Resenha do livro "Economia do Desejo: a farsa da tese neoliberal", de Eduardo Moreira (2020). O livro faz uma critica ao modelo econômico neoliberal e suas principais teses, através de uma linguagem simples e contemporânea. A obra contrapõe uma economia estruturada na acumulação e na realização de desejos, propondo uma economia baseada nas necessidades humanas e dos territórios.
Potentiality of Weed Plants for Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal Polluted Soil
Authors: Bhayani D. , Siddhapura S. P. , Sindhav S. R. , Jadeja B. A.
Published: April 2023

Phytoremediation, which utilizes the remarkable ability of plants to concentrate elements and compounds from the environment and metabolize various molecules in their tissues, appears very promising for the removal of pollutants from the environment. In this study, the soil was altered by continuously adding industrial waste, affecting factors like pH, electrical conductivity, soil organic carbon, and metal concentrations. The Contamination factor for metals in the Metoda soil sample was Cu (1.98), Mn (1.58), Cr (1.58), Cd (7.67), and Pb (166.72), while the Pollution load index was 397.51. In comparison, the Shapar soil sample had a Contamination factor of Cu (2.24), Mn (1.58), Cr (1.23), Cd (12.67), and Pb (167.44), with a Pollution load index of 480.49. The contaminated sites showed higher micronutrient and trace element concentrations in weed plants compared to non-contaminated sites. Withania somnifera L. and Calotropis gigantea L. had the highest concentrations of Cd 2.08±0.05 and 2.60±0.05, respectively. Amaranthus spinosus L. accumulated the most Pb (36.34±0.2) and Cr (64.30±0.50), while Withania somnifera L. accumulated the most Mn (28.08±0.43), and Ipomoea aquatica Forssk accumulated the most Cu (43.68±0.37).This article addresses key research, potential benefits and the potential future needs for phytoremediation. Results indicated that uptake patterns of heavy metals by weed plant tissues were more or less related with nature of metals and species specifications. All the studies suggested that each weed plant could be used as a modern tool as a biomonitor.
Impacts of Climate Change, Land Use and Land Cover Changes on Watersheds in the Upper East Region of Ghana
Authors: Issahaku Abdul-Rahaman
Published: April 2023

Issues of global warming and climate change as a result of the aggravation of greenhouse gases and other anthropogenic activities have remained a global discourse since time immemorial. Climate change has increased temperatures and reduced the amount and distribution of rainfall. This has become a major concern to scholars and researchers alike. This study, therefore, investigates the impacts of climate change in the North Eastern part of Ghana between 1985 and 2016. The study looks at land use and land cover changes in the watersheds of the Tono Reservoir using satellite images. Satellite images were extracted and imported into ERDAS 2010 for processing. Layer stacking was performed to put all the bands together as one file. Sub-setting was done to extract the Tono Reservoir and its environs. Climate variables such as rainfall, temperature were analysed to find their relationships with water levels of the Tono reservoir. It was found that rainfall and water levels of the Tono reservoir were decreasing at 4.4% per decade and 8% per annum, respectively, while closed forests and grasslands had reduced by 5.51% and 7.44%, respectively, between 1985 and 2016. There were increases in open forests (2.8%), shrublands and bushes (0.97%) and water bodies (1.2%). The study recommends that collaborative efforts between the Ministry of Environment, Science, Technology and Innovation, Ministry of Water Resources, Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources and the Ministry of Food and Agriculture were necessary to safeguard natural resources in the country.
In Honor of the Pig
Authors: Skolnik Neil
Published: April 2023

This poem describes the author’s experience of open heart surgery during which he received a pig valve replacement.
A 65-Year-Old Woman With Dyspnea and Recurrent Abdominal Distension
Authors: Kim Joseph M. , Maron Bradley A.
Published: April 2023

This case report discusses a diagnosis of extracardiac shunt in a woman aged 65 years with giant right atrium and recurrent heart failure exacerbations.
Error on the stopping power ratio of ERKODENT's mouthpiece for head and neck carbon ion radiotherapy treatment
Authors: Lee Sung Hyun , Kanai Takayuki , Souda Hikaru , Miyasaka Yuya , Chai Hongbo , Ono Takuya , Yamazawa Yoshifumi , Suzuki Koji , Sato Azusa , Katsumata Masashi , Iwai Takeo
Published: April 2023

The errors on the stopping power ratio (SPR) of mouthpiece samples from ERKODENT were evaluated. Erkoflex and Erkoloc‐pro from ERKODENT and samples that combined Erkoflex and Erkoloc‐pro were computed tomography (CT)‐scanned using head and neck (HN) protocol at the East Japan Heavy Ion Center (EJHIC), and the values were averaged to obtain the CT number. The integral depth dose of the Bragg curve with and without these samples was measured for 292.1, 180.9, and 118.8 MeV/u of the carbon‐ion pencil beam using an ionization chamber with concentric electrodes at the horizontal port of the EJHIC. The average value of the water equivalent length (WEL) of each sample was obtained from the difference between the range of the Bragg curve and the thickness of the sample. To calculate the difference between the theoretical and measured values, the theoretical CT number and SPR value of the sample were calculated using the stoichiometric calibration method. Compared with the Hounsfield unit (HU)‐SPR calibration curve used at the EJHIC, the SPR error on each measured and theoretical value was calculated. The WEL value of the mouthpiece sample had an error of approximately 3.5% in the HU‐SPR calibration curve. From this error, it was evaluated that for a mouthpiece with a thickness of 10 mm, a beam range error of approximately 0.4 mm can occur, and for a mouthpiece with a thickness of 30 mm, a beam range error of approximately 1 mm can occur. For a beam passing through the mouthpiece in HN treatment, it would be practical to consider a mouthpiece margin of 1 mm to avoid beam range errors if ions pass through the mouthpiece.
Actively Tunable Spectral Filter for Compact Hyperspectral Camera Using Angle‐Sensitive Plasmonic Structures
Authors: Ahn Myeong‐Su , Jeon Jaehun , Hwang Charles Soon Hong , Jeon Daniel S. , Kim Min H. , Jeong Ki‐Hun
Published: April 2023

Hyperspectral imaging provides enhanced classification and identification of veiled features for diverse biomedical applications such as label‐free cancer detection or non‐invasive vascular disease diagnostics. However, hyperspectral cameras still have technical limitations in miniaturization due to the inherently complex and bulky configurations of conventional tunable filters. Herein, a compact hyperspectral camera using an active plasmonic tunable filter (APTF) with electrothermally driven spectral modulation for feature‐augmented imaging is reported. APTF consists of angle‐sensitive plasmonic structures (APS) over an electrothermal MEMS (Microelectromechanical systems) actuator, fabricated by combining nanoimprint lithography, and MEMS fabrication ona 6‐inch wafer. APS have a complementary configuration of Au nanohole and nanodisk arrays supported on asilicon nitride membrane. APTF shows a large angular motion at operational voltages of 5–9 VDC for continuous spectral modulation between 820 and 1000 nm (45 nm/V). The compact hyperspectral camera was fully packaged with a linear polarizer, APTF and amonochromatic camera, exhibiting asize of 16 mm (ϕ) × 9.5 mm (h). Feature‐augmented images of subcutaneous vein and a fresh fruit have been successfully demonstrated after the hyperspectral reconstruction and spectral feature extraction. This functional camera provides a new compact platform for point‐of‐care or in vivo hyperspectral imaging in biomedical applications.
Multifunctional Ultraviolet Laser Induced Graphene for Flexible Artificial Sensory Neuron
Authors: Long Haotian , Lin Xinhuang , Wang Yuyuan , Mao Huiwu , Zhu Ying , Zhu Yixin , Fu Chuanyu , Wan Changjin , Wan Qing
Published: April 2023

Neuromorphic perceptual system (NPS) is inspired by the interaction between organisms and environment, which has boosted many emerging fields like human–machine interfaces and bionic robots. Laser‐induced graphene (LIG) can be a fast, low cost, and accurate patterning technology toward a flexible and biological plausible NPS. While, to unleash the full potential of LIG, thorny issues like low endurance and limited stretchability should be addressed. Herein, high‐performance ultraviolet LIG (UV‐LIG) based sensors and electrodes are introduced for building flexible artificial sensory neuron (ASN). The UV‐LIG can be fabricated with a fine linewidth of ≈75 µm and a high conductivity of 3900 ± 150 S cm−1, which facilitates the demonstration of LIG toolbox, containing bending sensors, flexible heaters, etc. The transferred LIG electrodes retain good conducting property (only ≈12.7% increment in resistance) and enable large stretchability (up to 150% strain), outperforming most of the LIG‐based strain sensors. As a proof‐of‐concept, an artificial sensory neuron that is able to mimic the strain perception of somatosensory system is realized based on the integration of LIG‐based functional components and an InGaZnO (Indium‐Gallium‐Zinc Oxide, IGZO)‐based synaptic transistor. This work can provide an efficient patterning methodology as well as essential components for neuromorphic perceptual systems.
Print‐Light‐Synthesis of Gold Thin Film Electrodes for Electrochemical Sensing
Authors: Maiorano Emanuela , Gianvittorio Stefano , Lanzi Massimiliano , Tonelli Domenica , Pick Horst , Lesch Andreas
Published: April 2023

The one‐step fabrication of gold films by inkjet printing of a gold precursor ink and its photochemical reduction by exposure to UV light is presented. Inkjet printing creates on a substrate with high control micrometer‐thin reaction volumes in which upon direct high‐intensity light irradiation, the gold precursor reduces to pure and well‐adhered Au particles, while all other ink components escape in the gas phase, without the need for any further post‐treatment. The Au precursor ink does neither contain stabilizing agents, such as polymers or surfactants, nor sacrificial compounds, such as photoinitiators, to initiate and accelerate the reduction. This economic and green process is known as Print‐Light‐Synthesis (PLS) and is herein used to create gold patterns of thin compact Au films and separated Au nanoparticles. Gold loadings are in the µg cm−2 range and precisely controlled, thanks to the inkjet printing parameters. The gold films are characterized by spectroscopic and electrochemical methods. Finally, the applicability of Au films as electrochemical sensors is demonstrated for the detection of 1,4‐butanediol in comparison to a commercial screen‐printed Au electrode. The PLS Au electrode shows a 20 times higher sensitivity and opens new possibilities for disposable electrode production.
Construction of Multifunctional Composites for Electromagnetic Shielding and Infrared Stealth Based on Magnetic Phase Change Capsules and Silicone Rubber Foam
Authors: Zhang Zetian , Liu Yang , Yang Xiaohan , Li Fufen , Liang Ze , Yong Yong , Dai Songbo , Li Zhengjun
Published: April 2023

Functionalization of phase change capsules is recognized as one of the promising technologies to improve energy efficiency and promote their versatile application. Herein, a new magnetic phase change capsule (NiFe2O4‐encapsulated phase change material (EPCM)) composed of paraffin wax core and SiO2‐NiFe2O4 double‐layer shell is designed. The prepared NiFe2O4‐EPCMs possess sensitive magnetic response, excellent thermal management performance, and enhanced thermal stability. In particular, the representative NiFe2O4‐EPCM‐4 has the highest saturation magnetization (8.41 emu · g−1) and high enthalpy of 131.2 J · g−1. Subsequently, NiFe2O4‐EPCM‐4 is introduced into silicone rubber foam (SRF) matrix and magnetic composite SRFs (MSRFs) are prepared. The latent heat of MSRF‐3 containing 30% NiFe2O4‐EPCM‐4 can reach 28.9 J g−1 and there is almost no change even after 200 cycles. In comparison with pure SRF, the tensile strength and compressive strength of MSRF‐3 are increased by 167.7% and 941.8%, respectively. Importantly, the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of MSRF‐3 is significantly improved from 15.9 to 30.6 dB. Besides, the MSR‐3 can achieve an intriguing infrared stealth function for targets both in human body temperature and high temperature environment. Therefore, this work might stimulate people's interest and inspiration in the design and preparation of multifunctional phase change capsules.
Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Synaptic Transistor for Parallel Data Transmission of Diverse Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Liu Lujian , Chen Qizhen , Zeng Huaan , Shan Liuting , An Chuanbin , Zhuang Bingyong , Chen Huipeng , Guo Tailiang , Hu Wenping
Published: April 2023

Artificial synaptic devices serve as the cornerstone of artificial neural networks, much research is devoted to the development of artificial synaptic devices with multiple functions for the future construction of large‐scale artificial neural networks. By adding optical signal output to traditional synaptic devices, the strategy of transforming the devices from a single electrical interconnection to an optoelectronic interconnection is considered to be an effective way to solve the problem of wire cross‐talk in large‐scale artificial neural networks. Herein, a quantum‐dot light‐emitting synaptic transistor capable of dual output of optoelectronic signals by integrating the functions of light‐emitting transistor and synaptic transistor into a single device is demonstrated for the first time. Based on the novel working mechanism and the excellent optoelectronic properties of quantum dots, the device can exhibit dual responses of electrical and optical signals under electrical pulse stimulation. More importantly, some key synaptic functions such as excitatory postsynaptic current, paired pulse facilitation, high‐pass filtering properties, and the transition from short‐term memory to long‐term memory are successfully simulated in the device. In addition, classical conditioned reflex experiments as well as the processes of learning and forgetting are optically and electrically simulated. This work provides a feasible way to realize multivariate artificial neural networks with high integration and optoelectronic interconnection to transmit information, showing great potential in the development of neuromorphic computing in the future.