bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the efficiency of combined pharmaco-physiotherapy in patients with dry eye syndrome
Authors: Egiazarova A.G. , Raifel’d A.K. , Bogolepova O.V.
Published: February 2025

Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of a treatment complex including magnetophoresis with the drug «Argensept» and tear therapy in patients with mild to moderate dry eye syndrome. Material and methods. The study was conducted on 50 people (100 eyes) diagnosed with mild to moderate dry eye syndrome (H04.1 according to ICD-10). The average age of the patients was 43.3 years. The patients were divided into 2 groups. The first group (main group) — 25 patients (50 eyes) who underwent a treatment complex, including magnetophoresis with the drug «Argensept» and tear replacement therapy. The second group (comparison group) — 25 patients (50 eyes) who underwent only tear replacement therapy. The healthy group consisted of 20 volunteers without pathology of the organ of vision (40 eyes). To assess the effectiveness of the treatment before and after treatment, all patients underwent a standard ophthalmological examination, including checking visual acuity, tonometry, biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, as well as special research methods to determine the level of tear production, stability of the tear film: Schirmer’s test, Norn’s test, determination of the height of the tear meniscus by optical coherence tomography. To assess the intensity of complaints, subjective condition and quality of life before and after treatment, a survey was conducted using the OSDI (Ocular Surface Desease Index) questionnaire. Results. After the course of treatment, in the group of patients who underwent a treatment complex including magnetophoresis with the drug «Argensept» and tear replacement therapy, all the studied indicators (Schirmer’s test, Norn’s test, lacrimal meniscus height (LMH) and the OSDI (Ocular Surface Desease Index) questionnaire) approached normal values, while in patients who received only tear replacement therapy, the Schirmer’s test indicator was 23.8% lower than in practically healthy volunteers; the Norn’s test indicator was 37.2% lower than the values of healthy volunteers; the height of the lacrimal meniscus (HML) was significantly increased and amounted to 243.2±4.79 μm, but did not reach the values of practically healthy individuals (292±7.8 μm) and the OSDI questionnaire score slightly decreased (to 14.4±0.87 points) and corresponded to the values of mild dry eye syndrome. Conclusion. The use of a therapeutic complex including magnetophoresis with the drug «Argensept» and tear-removal therapy in patients with mild to moderate dry eye syndrome contributes to a significant increase in the level of tear production and stability of the tear film, a significant reduction in complaints, improvement in the subjective state and an increase in the quality of life.
The Justiciability of Cabinet Appointments in South Africa
Authors: Molefhi S Phorego  , Hendrik J van As
Published: February 2025

For most democracies, Cabinet appointments form part of a plethora of powers that are entrusted to the President alone. Courts are naturally cautious about interrogating the exercise of the power. In South Africa, courts confine themselves to the narrower legal question of how the power was exercised, not whether the President’s decision was correct or incorrect. This is because the courts are wary of second-guessing the decisions of other branches of government, lest they fall foul of the doctrine of separation of powers. This article probes the President’s power to appoint Cabinet members, and whether a court may set aside any unlawful exercise of the power without encroaching on the separation of powers. Owing to inadequate political oversight mechanisms over Cabinet appointments, the President’s power is too broad and should be curtailed to enhance accountability for the exercise of the power. To this extent, the President’s appointment of Cabinet members should be subject to parliamentary confirmation.
SOUND SUBSTANTIVE LAW APPLICATION YET DUBIOUS ADJECTIVAL PROCESS IN R K v Minister of Basic Education [2019] ZASCA 192
Authors: Lerato Rudolph Ngwenyama  , Frederik Rudolph van Dyk  , Lwandile Msimanga
Published: February 2025

S K’s was a life cut short. He was another victim of the dangerous and unsanitary school pit-latrine system, a rudimentary toilet infrastructure consisting of concrete slabs covering a French drain, with large holes that serve as a death trap for young pupils who accidentally fall through. Thousands of children from underprivileged conditions face this shameful latrine system daily, despite ageing government promises to address the situation promptly.The injustice of five-year-old S K’s horrible drowning in a pit latrine at his Limpopo primary school in 2014 was finally vindicated in R K v Minister of Basic Education ([2019] ZASCA 192) when the Supreme Court of Appeal (SCA) delivered judgment in December 2019. The court awarded general damages to S K’s family based on the emotional shock that they suffered and held that the common law is flexible enough to come to the aid of the aggrieved family. Although the court declined to award constitutional damages, it added to the context-sensitive body of jurisprudence that outlines constitutional damages as a relatively novel concept within the South African law of damages.
Legality of Professional Mixed Martial Arts in South Africa
Authors: Rian Cloete  , Gerald Andrew Ramsden
Published: February 2025

Senator John McCain may have been on point when he described mixed martial arts (MMA) as “human cock-fighting” in its formative years in the early 1990s in the United States of America (US). Those early MMA contests were no-holds-barred brutal affairs, fought between bloodied combatants of all shapes, sizes and combat styles, in a metal cage. Like bare-knuckle prize-fighting during the 18th and 19th centuries, this new form of combat sport closely resembled a glorified street fight. The sheer brutality of these spectacles ultimately led to the banning of MMA across the US. Realising that MMA’s future depended on governmental sanction and regulation, its organisers actively sought out such sanction and regulation. Although MMA is now legal in all US states, its regulation in both the United Kingdom (UK) and South Africa has lagged behind, raising uncertainty about its legality in these jurisdictions. This uncertainty has been exacerbated by the absence of legislative intervention and judicial scrutiny regarding MMA in both the UK and South Africa. There is, furthermore, a dearth of academic literature addressing this legal lacuna. This study endeavours to bridge that gap by examining the legality of MMA in South Africa. In so doing, guidance is sought from the manner in which the English courts have approached boxing and other activities that entail consensual bodily harm, such as sadomasochism.
PRINCIPLES OF RESTRICTIVE COVENANTS AND THE RIGHTS OF AN EMPLOYEE IN THE WORKPLACE Shoprite Checkers (Pty) Ltd v Kgatle [2023] ZAWCHC 159
Authors: Marvin Awarab
Published: February 2025

Indubitably, employees have been subjected to ill treatment and improper working conditions by their employers. Prior to South Africa attaining full democracy and adopting the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (the Constitution) as supreme law, and the passing of post-democratic labour legislation, employees suffered at the hands of their employers. Section 23 of the Constitution, dealing with labour relations, guarantees certain fundamental rights for employees in the workplace. Furthermore, the Labour Relations Act (66 of 1995), read together with the Basic Conditions of Employment Act (75 of 1997), has key provisions aimed at protecting and promoting the rights of employees in the workplace. Non-compete agreements, which can lawfully be introduced by an employer in a contract of employment, find difficult application, particularly because the South African government, especially the legislative branch, has travelled lengths to uphold and protect the rights of employees. In terms of the law, employers have the right to include non-compete agreements in the employment contract. The rationale for non-compete agreements is to prevent an employee from moving to a different employer in a similar trade or business to that of the employer after the employee’s contract of employment is terminated either by the employee or the employer. The question that is most raised in disputes regarding the enforcement of non-compete agreements is whether the agreement violates the employee’s right to work in an occupation of their choice. Another equally important consideration regarding non-compete agreements is whether such agreements unnecessarily limit the employee’s chances of being economically active and of providing for themselves, and possibly dependants.
In this light, this case note reviews the judgment in Shoprite Checkers (Pty) Ltd v Kgatle ([2023] ZAWCHC 159). This case is significant in the South African context since it not only revisits some of the important principles of non-compete agreements, but does so having regard to the rights of employees. What is commendable in this case is the court’s readiness to protect the rights of the employee in question. However, before analysing the case, it is essential to restate some of the legal principles of both contract law and employment law.
FOLLOWING DUE PROCESS BEFORE DEDUCTING AMOUNTS FROM SALARY: A REFLECTION ON Ngcangula v Mhlontlo Local Municipality; Nqekeho v Mhlontlo Local Municipality (2022) 43 ILJ 2398 (ECM)
Authors: Carlos Joel Tchawouo Mbiada  , Tebatso Confidence Tebele-Mosia
Published: February 2025

Procedural fairness in labour disputes is an important requirement that employers must adhere to if they are to pass court scrutiny. Employers often focus only on the substantive part of labour disputes, oblivious that due process must also be followed. Such a process, which takes centre stage in this note, embraces the right to make representations and is derived from the principles of natural justice. In the absence of an opportunity to make representations, the outcome of such a process is flawed. Such deficiencies are scrutinised in this note with a view to warn and sensitise employers that any flawed process vitiates the outcome of a disciplinary hearing. The requirement that employers follow due process before making an adverse decision against employees, even if they have a prima facie case, is often undermined. South African labour law is grounded in the principles of natural justice to the extent that a wrong procedure or failure to adhere to procedural requirements vitiates any outcome or renders it unfair. This discussion examines the case of Ngcangula v Mhlontlo Local Municipality; Nqekeho v Mhlontlo Local Municipality ((2022) 43 ILJ 2398 (ECM)), which illustrates the implications for employers when they fail to give employees the opportunity to be heard before deducting amounts from their salary.
TRANSFORMATIVE CONSTITUTIONALISM AND THE VALUE OF HUMAN DIGNITY IN INTERPRETING LEGISLATION TO PROMOTE WORKERS’ RIGHT TO SOCIAL SECURITY: Knoetze v Rand Mutual Assurance [2022] ZAGPJHC 4
Authors: T W Maseko  , P Makama
Published: February 2025

South Africa is still a country in transition and this is affirmed by the Preamble of the Constitution of South Africa, 1996, which “recognises the injustices of our past” and makes a commitment to establishing “a society based on democratic values, social justice and fundamental rights”. This constitutional commitment enjoins the courts to apply transformative principles to resolve legal problems by taking into account the values of the Constitution to achieve a just, democratic and egalitarian social order. This constitutional aspiration is evident in different parts of the Constitution, including the part that deals with interpretation of legislation in conformity with the spirit, purport and object of the Bill of Rights as in section 39(2) of the Constitution.
This extract is also indicative of the fact that the achievement of transformative constitutionalism when interpreting legislation in line with the Constitution is partly dependent on the promotion of the value of human dignity. This legal position has recently been given effect to by the Constitutional Court in the case of Mahlangu v Minister of Labour. In this case, the Constitutional Court reiterated the importance of transformative constitutionalism and the value of human dignity when it found, among other things, that section 1 of the Compensation for Occupational Injuries and Diseases Act (130 of 1993) was unconstitutional for violating workers’ right to social security. (This finding was based on the fact that s 1 of COIDA excluded domestic workers from the “employee” definition for the purposes of claiming compensation emanating from occupational injuries).It is against this background that this note analyses the extent to which transformative constitutionalism and the value of human dignity also serves as the basis for the court’s judgment in the case of Knoetze v Rand Mutual Assurance ([2022] ZAGPJHC 4), despite the fact that the court did not acknowledge these constitutional features in its judgment. This case note does not intend to analyse the manner in which the court interpreted COIDA to promote workers’ right to social security. Instead, it investigates the extent to which transformative constitutionalism and the value of human dignity could also serve as a rationale for the judgment of the court. The first part of this note analyses transformative constitutionalism and the value of human dignity when interpreting legislation to promote the right to social security. The second part dissects the case of Knoetze v Rand Mutual Assurance, and the third and last part analyses the extent to which transformative constitutionalism and the value of human dignity could serve as a basis for the judgment of the court, even though the court did not refer to them in its judgment.
Should Human-Rights Treaties Define the International Crime of Forced Marriage?
Authors: Julian Rebecca Okeyo  , Emma Charlene Lubaale
Published: February 2025

Forced marriage is an offence not listed as a crime in international criminal law (ICL) statutes. However, various international criminal courts have continued to prosecute individuals for, and convict them of, committing the offence of forced marriage. This raises an unanswered question regarding the principle of legality. This principle is at the centre of criminal justice and critical to the realisation of the accused’s right to a fair trial. Article 22 of the Rome Statute embraces the principle of legality by stating that an accused cannot be charged with an act or omission that did not constitute an offence at the time it was committed. Where sexual and gender-based crimes are not proscribed, those accused cannot be charged, which infringes on the rights of women to access justice. Conversely, on account of the principle of legality, if perpetrators are charged and prosecuted when no such crime is proscribed under ICL statutes, the fair-trial rights of the accused are violated as the principle of legality is undermined. It is, however, notable that there are provisions in international human-rights instruments (including article 23(3) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and article 16(2) of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights) that prohibit forced marriage. Moreover, in terms of article 21 of the Rome Statute, applicable law before the International Criminal Court (ICC) includes “where appropriate, applicable treaties and the principles and rules of international law”. This article assesses whether there is room for recourse to be had to international human-rights law treaties to give meaning to the crime of other inhumane acts for purposes of prosecuting the crime of forced marriage, and what the implications are for the principle of legality.
USE OF AGENCY FEES FOR UNION’S POLITICAL CAUSES: DOES OUR LAW ADEQUATELY PROTECT RIGHTS OF NON-MEMBERS OF A REPRESENTATIVE TRADE UNION AGAINST ITS UNSCRUPULOUS USE OF AGENCY FEES FOR POLITICAL IDEALS?
Authors: Daniel Phiri Mulaudzi
Published: February 2025

The inclusion of a fundamental right to conclude agency-shop agreements in section 23(6) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (Constitution) places beyond dispute the issue regarding the constitutionality of such agreements. This is in recognition of the crucial role that agency shops play in facilitating collective bargaining, which is fundamental to advancing peace in the workplace. This legitimate and worthwhile purpose justifies the limitation (in accordance with section 36 of the Constitution) of non-members’ right to freedom of association.
The essence of this note is an examination of the legislature’s failure to adequately regulate a union’s use of agency fees for political activities under section 25 of the LRA. The key object is to demonstrate that South Africa’s failure to regulate the use of agency fees for political activities undermines the reformed labour law’s intention to protect the constitutional rights of workers. It argues that this ideal is compromised when, owing to such omission, unions can use agency fees for political activities under section 25(3)(d) without regulation.
THE MUNICIPAL DEBT COLLECTION BEYOND THE MATHABATHE CASE – A WELCOME SOLUTION OR MULTIPLICATION OF PROBLEMS? City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality v Mathabathe (502/120) [2013] ZASCA 60
Authors: Matome M Ratiba
Published: February 2025

South Africa prides itself as a country with the best land-registration system in the world. However, the intoxicating affect of such a rosy picture as depicted in the legal literature and pertaining to the land registration system in this country continues to hold and tantalise the mind of a novice property practitioner until, at least one arrives at the point where the actual processes involved in effecting the transfer of property and the eventual registration of a title deed to the property are engaged. This is the exact point where one begins to experience the lived realities of the frustrations often meted out to the relevant process participants such as the transferring attorneys, sellers and purchasers of property alike and least of all not forgetting the financial institutions. The turning point starts with section 92 of the Deeds Registries Act 47 of 1937 (hereinafter “the Deeds Act”) in terms of which no transfer of land may (shall) be registered without a rates-clearance certificate from the local authority in whose jurisdiction the land lies. The comedy of errors often accompanying the efforts geared towards practical compliance with the section leaves much to be desired. It is in the context of such problems arising during the processes of obtaining rates-clearance certificates from the municipality that the need to critically evaluate the recent supreme court of appeal judgment in the case of City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality v Mathabathe ((502/12) [2013] ZASCA 60 emanates. Such a need is further bolstered by the fact that, practical problems that were experienced in the case under discussion should be acknowledged, and always be kept in mind when judgements similar to the one under discussion are analysed. The reality of it all is that “In South Africa, the management of municipal services has been an ongoing dilemma for the new government because of what it terms ‘a culture’ of non-payment among users”. The purpose of this note is therefore to critically evaluate the Mathabathe case with a view to determining whether the judgment in the case constitutes a welcomed solution to a long-standing problem or not. This will be done in three parts. In the first part an outline of the contextual background within which the evaluation is to take place will be presented. This entails detailing the dilemma often facing the municipalities in the provision of services and the legal framework pertaining thereto, coupled with a brief description of how the same translates into frustrations often directed at various participants in the receiving end of the property-registration process. The second part will provide a brief outline of the facts and decision of the Mathabathe case. The last part will give an analysis of the relevant decision, which analysis will also discuss the important issues raised by the practical implementation of the judgment.
L-ayaklı spiral kanatlı borulu ısı değiştiricisinin ısıl hidrolik özelliklerinin araştırılması ve yeni deneysel bağıntıların türetilmesi
Authors: Yılmaz Ramazan , Özbalta Necdet
Published: February 2025

Bu çalışmanın amacı l-ayaklı spiral kanatlı borulu ısı değiştiricisinin ısıl hidrolik özelliklerinin araştırılması ve Colburn j faktörü ile Fanning f sürtünme faktörünü veren deneysel bağıntıların türetilmesidir. Çapraz akışlı ısı değiştiricisinde boru sıraları hava akış yönünde kaydırılmış olarak düzenlenmiştir. Sabit su giriş hacimsel debisi (2,3 l/min) ve çevre havası koşullarında, yedi farklı su giriş sıcaklığı (40 °C ila 70 °C) ve hava giriş hızı (3,40 m/s ila 7,90 m/s) için deneyler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Toplam ısı geçiş katsayısının eldesinde, bir akışkanın karıştığı diğerinin karışmadığı sıcaklık etkinliği-geçiş birimi sayısı (P-NTU) yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Regresyon analizi için doğrusal olmayan (nonlineer) en küçük kareler yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Reynolds sayısı 9043 ila 21579 aralığında değişmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda ortalama ısı geçişi, P1 ve P2 sıcaklık etkinliği, toplam ısı geçiş katsayısı, kanat verimi, toplam yüzey verimi, ısı taşınım katsayısı, Nusselt sayısı, Colburn j faktörü, basınç düşümü ve Fanning f sürtünme faktörü değerleri elde edilmiştir. Deneysel bulgular kullanılarak hava tarafı Colburn j faktörü ve Fanning f sürtünme faktörü bağıntıları elde edilmiştir. Reynolds sayısı-Colburn j faktörü ilişkisine su giriş sıcaklığının etkisini, önerilen bağıntılara eklemek için yeni bir parametre olarak boyutsuz maksimum sıcaklık farkı (BMSF) önerilmiştir. Colburn j faktörü -Re sayısına ilişkisine BMSF’nin eklenmesi, korelasyon katsayısını (r) 0,717’den 0,965’e yükseltmiştir.
Kayısı çekirdeği kabuğu ile hazırlanan polipropilen esaslı kompozitlerin morfolojik, mekanik ve termal özelliklerinin incelenmesi
Authors: Aslan Hüseyin Çağdaş
Published: February 2025

Bu çalışma, kayısı çekirdeği kabuğu (KB) polipropilen (PP) matris kullanılarak elde edilen kompozit malzemelerin morfolojik, mekanik ve termal özelliklerini incelemektedir. Plastiklerin yaygın kullanımından kaynaklanan atık problemleri ve bu problemlere yönelik çözümlere bir alternatif olarak, KB gibi doğal malzemelerle plastiklerin birleştirilmesi, hem plastik tüketimini hem de atık miktarını azaltma potansiyeline sahiptir. Çalışmada PP matrisli kompozitler, farklı oranlarda KB (%0, %10, %20, %30) ve maleik anhidrit aşılanmış polipropilen (MAPP) uyumlaştırıcı (0, 5, 10, 15 phr) kullanılarak hazırlanmıştır. Kompozitlerin morfolojik özellikleri taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) ile incelenmiş ve KB'nin PP matris içinde homojen dağıldığı gözlemlenmiştir. Mekanik testler sonucunda, KB oranının %30'a çıkarılması çekme dayanımında %35'e varan bir azalma ve elastik modülde %15 civarında bir artışa yol açmıştır. MAPP uyumlaştırıcı kullanımı, %30 KB içeren kompozitlerin çekme dayanımını 30.70 MPa (PP30-10) ve 30.59 MPa (PP30-15) değerlerine kadar artırmıştır. Termal özellikler ise diferansiyel taramalı kalorimetre (DSC) ve termogravimetrik analiz (TGA) ile değerlendirilmiş, KB'nin kristalizasyon sıcaklıklarını arttırdığı ve PP matrisin erime entalpilerini azalttığı belirlenmiştir. PP30 örneğinde kristalizasyon derecesi %40.58 olarak bulunmuş, MAPP katkısı ile bu değer %44.92'ye (PP30-15) kadar yükselmiştir. TGA analizleri, KB katkısının bozunma başlangıç sıcaklıklarını düşürdüğünü, ancak yüksek sıcaklıklarda daha hızlı bir yanma sağladığını ortaya koymuştur. Katkısız PP'nin kütle kaybı 323°C'de başlarken, KB katkılı kompozitlerde bu sıcaklık 282°C'ye kadar gerilemiştir (PP30). Bu bulgular, kayısı çekirdeği kabuğunun çevresel açıdan sürdürülebilir bir dolgu malzemesi olarak kullanılabileceğini ve plastik atıkların azaltılmasına katkı sağlayabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır.
Comparison of Hydrodchar and Pyrochar made from Cellulose, Lignin, and Cornhusk: Physiochemical Properties and removal of Cd(Ⅱ) from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Jin Sun Cha , Hyungjoo Kim , Tae-Woo Kim
Published: February 2025

In this study, hydrochar and pyrochar were made from cellulose, lignin (components of biomass), and corn husk (a type of biomass) through hydrothermal carbonization at 300 ℃ and pyrolysis at 300 ℃ and 500 ℃. Their physiochemical properties and Cd(Ⅱ) adsorption performances were then compared. Additionally, characteristics of hydrochar and pyrochar generated by each process were analyzed, including char generation yield, proximate & ultimate analysis, specific surface area (BET surface area) & porosity analysis, SEM & EDS (Scanning Electron Microscope & Energy Dispersive Spectrometer), FT-IR, pHpzc, and so on. The pyrochar generated at the same temperature (300 ℃) had higher char generation yield, ash content, and oxygen content with more oxygen functional groups than hydrochar. However, pyrochar had a lower specific surface area and pore volume than hypercar. By type of biomass, lignin showed the highest char generation yield. Regarding pHpzc, corn husk had the highest value, followed by lignin and cellulose. Cd(Ⅱ) adsorption characteristics in hydrochar and pyrochar were more suitable for the Langmuir adsorption model. It was found that the Cd(Ⅱ) adsorption amount (116.8 mg/g) was the highest in PC-CH-500, which had high pHpzc and inorganic content. As a result, electrostatic adsorption and cation exchange were the main mechanisms of Cd(Ⅱ) adsorption under the condition of pH solution < pHpzc.
Single-cell sequencing data analysis v1
Authors: Jose Perez J. Maria
Published: February 2025

Single-cell sequencing data analysis
Development of Intelligent Tutoring System Model in the Learning System of the Indonesian National Armed Forces Completed with Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Kurniawan Bobi , Meyliana M. , Warnars Harco Leslie Hendric Spits , Suharjo Bambang
Published: February 2025

This research aims to develop and design an Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) model to improve the efficiency and adaptability of the learning process using technology based on student personalization. This study employs a systematic literature review method, as well as bibliometric analysis and visualization using the VOSviewer application. We collected data from several well-known article databases. The results showed an intelligent tutoring system model to be connected to five components and 22 sub-components. These components consist of a student model, a pedagogical model, an interface model, a tutor model, and a domain model. Thus, these components and sub-components produce a responsive student model that can be used to develop a learning system within the Indonesian National Armed Forces. The responsive student model not only assesses students' visual, auditory, or kinesthetic learning styles but also gauges their emotions or concentration levels during the learning process. This development not only increases learning effectiveness but also improves student learning experiences and supports adaptive and sustainable academic growth.
Seismic Performance of a Tailings Dam Located in Hight Seismicity Area
Authors: Bellido Nestor G. , Aguilar Zenón
Published: February 2025

The seismic behavior of tailings dams is significantly influenced by the response of stored mine tailings to cyclic loading. Given recent global failures of tailings storage facilities (TSFs), understanding the mechanical properties of various mine tailings is crucial for enhancing dam safety. This study presents a seismic evaluation of a polymetallic tailings dam situated in a region of high seismicity. Nonlinear deformation analyses (NDAs) were conducted using advanced constitutive models: PM4Silt (designed to simulate the behavior of clay and plastic silts under cyclic loading, with an emphasis on excess pore pressure generation) and UBCHyst (developed to model soils that do not generate excess pore pressure during cyclic loading). Both models were implemented using the FLAC finite difference software. The geotechnical characterization of the tailings was based on static and cyclic laboratory tests performed on remolded samples. In line with South American standards, seven-time histories were developed to simulate the maximum credible earthquake (MCE) for the dynamic analyses. Results from the NDAs showed that deformation patterns at the dam crest after the earthquake were heavily affected by the characteristics of the mine tailings. This study underscores the necessity of employing a variety of design ground motions to accurately assess the dynamic response of tailings dams.
Mathematical Modeling of Static and Dynamic Stresses in the Construction of the Load-Handling Frame of a Stationary Hoist During the Loading of Grain Cargo into Containers: Literature Review and Experiments
Authors: Balabayev Oyum , Kassymzhanova Aidana , Ibatov Marat , Mikhailov Valentin , Askarov Bakhtiyar
Published: February 2025

The export of grains plays a pivotal role in the global economy, and the implementation of efficient container loading systems is of paramount importance for reducing time and resource expenditure. This study aims to develop a stationary hoist designed for loading grain into containers for railway transportation. The application of direct integration and matrix force methods enabled the calculation of static and dynamic stresses in the load-handling frame. Simulations of the container filling process were conducted to evaluate the dependency of time and speed on the results. The results demonstrated that the maximum normal stresses satisfied the strength conditions, while dynamic stresses were calculated based on the falling height of the grain. The findings revealed a relationship between the hole radius in downcomer pipes and the container filling time, providing valuable insights for optimizing hoist operation. The research offers practical relevance for grain producers, transportation companies, and researchers, contributing to more efficient grain loading and transportation.
Improving students' critical thinking skills use model learning STEM material cycle water in fifth grade elementary school
Authors: Fitriah Wafi Nur , Kelana Jajang Bayu , Hadianti Yeni
Published: February 2025

Education in the 21st century must focus more on student-centered learning, helping students acquire essential skills and guiding them through the learning process. One crucial skill students need to develop is the ability to be active learners. Critical thinking skills enable students to solve problems and address issues by seeking information from various sources. One effective learning model that can enhance students' critical thinking skills is the STEM learning model. This research aims to evaluate the effect of implementing the STEM learning model on improving the critical thinking skills of fifth-grade students with respect to the water cycle material. A mixed-methods approach with an explanatory sequential design was employed for this study. The subjects were 30 fifth-grade students from Giriwangi State Elementary School. The research results revealed that the average pretest score of the students before the implementation of the STEM learning model was 39.00. After applying the STEM learning model to the water cycle material, students showed significant improvement, achieving an average posttest score of 73.66.
The use of ice breaking to improve students' concentration in social sciences subjects in gifth grade elementary schools
Authors: Demaris Trisnawati , Srimala Srimala , Anisah Siti , Sugiarti Sani , Purnamasari Mayang , Nurlilah Elsa Nunik
Published: February 2025

Learning is an important activity carried out by everyone. One of the supporting factors for successful learning is concentration. Having good learning concentration will help students understand and master the material being taught. However, conditions in the field show that students' learning concentration is lacking. This research aims to increase learning concentration by using ice-breaking. This research uses a mixed method research. The design used is sequential explanatory. The data analysis used is quantitative and qualitative. The subjects of this research were 25 grade V elementary school students. Data collection techniques in this research used observation, questionnaires, interviews, and tests. The results of this research show that there is an increase in students' learning concentration after using ice-breaking as seen from the result of the N-Gain Test, which measures the increase in concentration using ice-breaking, showing that the average is 45.4 which indicates a moderate increase in concentration. Keywords: Learning Concentration, Ice Breaking, Social Studies, Elementary School.
Implementation of discovery learning model assisted by E-LKPD against understanding social studies concepts in sixth grade elementary school
Authors: Fitriani Alfiana Novi , Lestari Renita Ayu , Pattywi Fierza Bella , Fauziah Rifa
Published: February 2025

This research is driven by the issues that arise from a lack of innovative media and the inadequate understanding of social studies concepts among sixth-grade elementary school students. This study aims to enhance students' comprehension of social studies concepts through the implementation of the E-LKPD-assisted Discovery Learning approach. The understanding of social studies among sixth-grade students remains insufficient due to the scarcity of creative media. By utilizing E-LKPD, an elementary school in Cimahi can address these challenges effectively through the Discovery Learning method. The study employs a one-group pre-test post-test design, utilizing a pre-experimental methodology. The participant group consists of thirty sixth-grade students. The normality test results from the pre-test indicated a significance value of 0.443, suggesting that the data is normally distributed. Similarly, the post-test results revealed a regularly distributed value with a significance value of 0.128. The findings indicate that sixth-grade elementary school students who engage in the Discovery Learning approach with support from E-LKPD exhibit a better understanding of social studies concepts.
Implementing curriculum at Sekolah Rimba Indonesia
Authors: Muhtar Imaanuddin , Hanif Haliza , Putri Winny Azwita , Amelia Lisa
Published: February 2025

This article discusses implementing policies at Sekolah Rimba Indonesia, founded by Hanan Attaki. Sekolah Rimba adopts a nature-based educational approach and Islamic values, focusing on character development, life skills, and a deep understanding of religion. This article was written with the aim of providing a better understanding of the curriculum provided at Sekolah Rimba so that other schools can later implement this interesting and creative curriculum. The curriculum discussion at Sekolah Rimba was carried out because Sekolah Rimba has a combined curriculum between nature-based and religious education aligned with the current curriculum. Through observation and analysis, this article explores how the Sekolah Rimba curriculum is designed to create a holistic and contextual learning environment. The findings show that the educational methods used at Sekolah Rimba improve students' academic understanding and shape their morals and ethics, resulting in individuals with noble character who make positive contributions to society. This article also provides challenges and successes in implementing these criteria and recommendations for further improvement. AbstrakArtikel ini membahas penerapan kebijakan di Sekolah Rimba Indonesia yang didirikan oleh Hanan Attaki. Sekolah Rimba mengadopsi pendekatan pendidikan berbasis alam dan nilai-nilai keislaman, dengan fokus pada pengembangan karakter, keterampilan hidup, dan pemahaman agama yang mendalam. Artikel ini dibuat dengan tujuan agar memberikan pemahaman lebih mengenai kurikulum yang disediakan di Sekolah Rimba agar nantinya sekolah lain dapat menerapkan kurikulum yang menarik dan kreatif tersebut. Pembahasan kurikulum di Sekolah Rimba dilakukan karena Sekolah Rimba memiliki kurikulum gabungan antara pendidikan berbasis alam dan agama yang diselaraskan dengan kurikulum saat ini. Melalui observasi dan analisis, artikel ini mengeksplorasi bagaimana kurikulum Sekolah Rimba dirancang untuk menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang holistik dan kontekstual. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa metode pendidikan yang digunakan di Sekolah Rimba tidak hanya meningkatkan pemahaman akademis peserta didik, tetapi juga membentuk moral dan etika mereka, sehingga menghasilkan individu yang berakhlak mulia dan memberikan kontribusi positif bagi masyarakat. Artikel ini juga memberikan tantangan dan keberhasilan dalam penerapan kriteria tersebut, serta memberikan rekomendasi untuk perbaikan lebih lanjut.Kata Kunci: kurikulum sekolah; pendidikan; sekolah Rimba.
Reassessing standardized tests: Evaluating their effectiveness in school performance measurement
Authors: Paramole Oyeronke Christiana , Adeoye Moses Adeleke
Published: February 2025

This research article reassesses the role of standardized tests in educational assessment, focusing on their complexities, historical context, and implications. It examines the accountability, and academic achievement benchmarks these tests provide while addressing criticisms such as cultural bias and narrowly teaching to the test. Alternative assessment methods, including formative and performance-based assessments, are also explored to offer a more holistic view of student learning and school performance. The article aims to contribute to a nuanced understanding of standardized tests' role in education, driving discussions on potential reforms that prioritize equitable and comprehensive assessment strategies. Critics raise concerns about the limitations of these tests, including their inability to capture the full range of student abilities, leading to biased and narrow educational outcomes. The study calls for a more balanced approach to educational assessment, integrating multiple methods to foster a more prosperous and fairer evaluation of student performance.
The Role of Scientific Consultant Librarians in Supporting Academic Research Case Study: Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta
Authors: Qurotianti Aidilla
Published: February 2025

Many university libraries have provided various facilities that support the information needs of the academic community. However, quite a few students still experience difficulties in finding the sources of information they need and sometimes even have no other alternative to get the appropriate information. In order to meet the demands of the information and research needs of the academic community, especially in the era of society 5.0, the University Library of Muhammadiyah University (UMY) provides scientific consultation services which have now developed into the AskMYLibrarian service. The purpose of this writing is to explain the role of consultant librarians at the UMY Library through the AskMYLibrarian service at the UMY Library. This research uses mixed methods. Data collection techniques used questionnaires and interviews. The research began by distributing questionnaires to 35 respondents consisting of 7 lecturers and 28 students who had used the AskMYLibrarian consultation service, both offline and online. Based on the results of the questionnaire, it was found that 77.1% of respondents strongly agreed that scientific consultation services were important to support academic community research. The consultation service menu provided includes consultation services related to searching for information sources, using a references manager, writing and paraphrasing techniques, guidance on submitting Sinta and Scopus indexed journals, simple data processing (SPSS, PLS, NVivo), and Vosviewer.
How to Make Biomass Briquettes with Their Characteristics Analysis
Authors: Utami Indri Sari , Rusdiana Dadi , Nahadi N , Suwarma Irma Rahma , Guntara Yudi , Amida Nadia , Rahman Nor Farahwahidah Abdul , Oktarisa Yuvita
Published: February 2025

Durian peels are biomass waste and can be used as an alternative fuel for briquettes. Therefore, processing organic waste (biomass), especially waste from durian peels into briquettes is a solution to replace traditional coal energy with renewable energy. This article contains guidelines that provide a basis for understanding how to make durian peel biomass briquettes and analyzing the results compared to coconut shell and rice husk materials. The test results showed that the highest density value was obtained for 100% rice husk briquettes with a value of 1324.56 kg/m3, the highest heating value was obtained for 100% coconut shell briquettes at 6479 kcal/kg, the voltage value produced by the voltaic cell Durian peel charcoal is highest when activated with more dilute KOH, in contrast to the durian peel charcoal electrolysis cell, the highest voltage is obtained when activated with more concentrated KOH.
Towards Sustainable Wind Energy: A Systematic Review of Airfoil and Blade Technologies Over the Past 25 Years for Supporting Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Authors: Krishnan Anupam , Al-Obaidi Abdulkareem Sh. Mahdi , Hao Lee Ching
Published: February 2025

Wind energy is vital for transitioning to renewable sources, reducing reliance on fossil fuels, and mitigating climate change. Harnessing wind power provides sustainable solutions to meet global energy demands. The systematic review provides valuable insights into recent advancements in blade design for wind turbines, crucial for optimizing efficiency, and sustainability in wind energy systems. The study emphasized advancements in Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines, concentrating on efficiency enhancements with numerical simulations and optimization strategies. Additionally, it explored developments in Vertical Axis Wind Turbine technology, notably hybrid rotor systems, and primarily utilized wind turbine airfoils over the past 25 years. Many researchers focused on optimizing aerodynamic systems using advanced numerical simulations, experiments, and optimization techniques, stressing the significance of achieving optimal lift-to-drag ratios. Furthermore, factors like bend-twist coupling and stall characteristics to prolong turbine lifespan and maximize power extraction were investigated. The interdisciplinary nature of wind energy research emphasizes collaborative efforts to address challenges and foster innovation, driving progress toward sustainable development goals. This review also supports current issues in the sustainable development goals (SDGs).
High-Porosity Hydrochar From Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Via Single-Step Hydrolytic Agent-Assisted Hydrothermal Carbonization
Authors: Sisuthog Wanchana , Prasongthum Natthawan , Suemanotham Amornrat , Thanmongkhon Yoothana , Attanatho Lalita , Jantasee Sasiradee , Mens Weerinda , Chaiya Chaiyan
Published: February 2025

Empty fruit bunches (EFBs) discarded from the palm oil industry were converted into hydrochars with a high surface area via hydrolytic agent-assisted hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). The reaction temperature was varied (160, 200, 240, and 280 °C) for a constant reaction time of 2 h. The effects of the type of hydrolytic agent (H2O2 and H2SO4) on the hydrochar properties were investigated. The physical and chemical properties of the as-obtained hydrochars, such as surface area, porosity, morphology, functional groups, and elemental composition, were characterized. The results showed that the fixed carbon and carbon contents increased with increasing temperature. At 280 °C, the hydrochar produced via the H2SO4-assisted HTC process had the highest fixed carbon (38.35 wt.%) and carbon (72.65 wt.%) contents. In comparison, the hydrochar (O-EFB280h2) produced via the H2O2-assisted HTC process at 280 °C exhibited the highest surface area (479.19 m2/g) and pore volume (0.727 cm3/g), and it contained functional groups such as C-H, C=O, and C-O. The H2O2-assisted HTC process produced hydrochars with a high surface area that could be used in a variety of applications.
Anatomical Characteristics and Taxonomic Significance of Rhizophoraceae Mangrove Leaves
Authors: Wijaya I Made Saka , Yuni Luh Putu Eswaryanti Kusuma , Pramesti Ni Kadek Rika , Suarsana I Wayan Bagus Kusuma , Wibisono Adi Ariyanto
Published: February 2025

Rhizophoraceae is a mangrove family that spread from landward to seaward zones and dominated Benoa Bay in Bali, Indonesia. Mangroves are already studied in many approaches but insufficient in anatomical approach. This research aims to determine the anatomical characteristics of Rhizophoraceae mangrove leaves in Benoa Bay, as well as determine the taxonomic significance. The research was conducted at four locations in Benoa Bay with four mangrove species: Bruguiera gymnorhiza, Ceriops tagal, Rhizophora apiculata, and Rhizophora mucronata. Leaf anatomical data was collected by using a modified free-hand section method to obtain leaf transversal structure and replica paradermal to obtain epidermal structure. The data analyzed descriptively and completed with a numerical taxonomy approach by dendrogram and principal component analysis (PCA). Mangrove leaves have general structures such as epidermis, palisade mesophyll, sponge mesophyll, vascular bundles, and stomata, as well as several typical structures such as hypodermis layer, calcium oxalate crystals, and sclereids. The results of the numerical taxonomic analysis revealed several characteristics with taxonomic significance were occurrence of astrosclereid, number of upper hypodermal layers, thickness ratio of hypodermal to lamina, thickness ratio of mesophyll palisade to sponges, thickness ratio of mesophyll sponges to lamina, and type of stomata.
Chatbots as Digital Language Tutors: Revolutionizing Education Through AI
Authors: Luckyardi Senny , Karin Juliana , Rosmaladewi R. , Hufad Achmad , Haristiani Nuria
Published: February 2025

Artificial intelligence (AI) is changing the landscape of language education and AI-enhanced chatbots are in the process of becoming digital tutors. This study explores how chatbots enhance language acquisition through real-time, interactive, and personalized learning experiences. As virtual tutors, they allow students to repeat the vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation, and conversation skills in dynamic contexts and give immediate feedback to improve language. Multilingual features enable chatbots to reach a broad spectrum of learners addressing issues of scalability and accessibility. For teachers, chatbots extend themselves beyond conventional teaching, lessen workloads, and facilitate large-scale and multilinguistic programmes. It is important to have an easy-to-use, culturally-pragmatic design so that the integration in curricula can appropriately address learners' heterogeneous needs. Chatbots provide democratizing language education of top quality by circumventing cost and access barriers and offering life changing solutions for language learners worldwide. They offer real-world pointers to further develop AI-powered educational technologies, and thus, provide a platform for broader application to the language curriculum. As Artificial Intelligence develops, chatbots will be a fundamental tool for promoting linguistic and communicative competence in contemporary education.