bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dosimetric potential of knowledge‐based planning model trained with HyperArc plans for brain metastases
Authors: Sagawa Tomohiro , Ueda Yoshihiro , Tsuru Haruhi , Kamima Tatsuya , Ohira Shingo , Tamura Mikoto , Miyazaki Masayoshi , Monzen Hajime , Konishi Koji
Published: November 2022

Objective

Dosimetric potential of knowledge‐based RapidPlan planning model trained with HyperArc plans (Model‐HA) for brain metastases has not been reported. We developed a Model‐HA and compared its performance with that of clinical volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans.

Methods

From 67 clinical stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) HyperArc plans for brain metastases, 47 plans were used to build and train a Model‐HA. The other 20 clinical HyperArc plans were recalculated in RapidPlan system with Model‐HA. The model performance was validated with the 20 plans by comparing dosimetric parameters for normal brain tissue between clinical plans and model‐generated plans. The 20 clinical conventional VMAT‐based SRS or stereotactic radiotherapy plans (CL‐VMAT) were reoptimized with Model‐HA (RP) and HyperArc system (HA), respectively. The dosimetric parameters were compared among three plans (CL‐VMAT vs. RP vs. HA) in terms of planning target volume (PTV), normal brain excluding PTVs (Brain − PTV), brainstem, chiasm, and both optic nerves.

Results

In model validation, the optimization performance of Model‐HA was comparable to that of HyperArc system. In comparison to CL‐VMAT, there were no significant differences among three plans with respect to PTV coverage (p > 0.17) and maximum dose for brainstem, chiasm, and optic nerves (p > 0.40). RP provided significantly lower V20 Gy, V12 Gy, and V4 Gy for Brain − PTV than CL‐VMAT (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

The Model‐HA has the potential to significantly reduce the normal brain dose of the original VMAT plans for brain metastases.
Gradient Conduction Band Energy Engineering Driven High‐Efficiency Solution‐Processed Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4/ZnxCd1–x S Solar Cells
Authors: Xu Zhen , Gao Qianqian , Cui Changcheng , Yuan Shengjie , Kou Dongxing , Zhou Zhengji , Zhou Wenhui , Meng Yuena , Qi Yafang , Ishaq Muhammad , Shah Usman Ali , Wu Sixin
Published: November 2022

The photovoltaic performance of the environmentally friendly Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) solar cells is lower than its predecessor Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells. Severe carrier recombination at the CZTSSe/CdS interface is one major reason that results in a large open‐circuit voltage loss. Doping zinc into CdS is a feasible strategy to modifying the CdS buffer layer film, but the present methods are not satisfactory. In this study, novel zinc incorporation strategy is developed to deposit a gradient composition ternary ZnxCd1–xS buffer layer for optimizing the heterojunction interface. The application of gradient composition ZnxCd1–xS buffer layer constructs a gradient conduction band energy configuration in the CZTSSe/buffer layer interface, which highly reduces the interface recombination. The suppressed interface recombination contributes to the enhanced open circuit voltage and device performance. Consequently, the CZTSSe solar cell based on gradient composition ZnxCd1–xS buffer layers achieves champion efficiency of 12.35% with VOC of 504.81 mV, JSC of 36.90 mA cm−2, and FF of 66.28%. It is worth noting that flammable and the toxic hydrazine solvent are replaced by the safe and low‐toxic 2‐methoxyethanol, making it more promising for the future commercialization of CZTSSe solar cells.
Flexible Liquid‐Based Continuous Direct‐Current Tribovoltaic Generators Enable Self‐Powered Multi‐Modal Sensing
Authors: Huang Youchao , Liu Dexing , Gao Xinyu , Zhu Jiahao , Zhang Yiming , Zhang Min
Published: November 2022

Flexible tribovoltaic direct‐current (DC) generators are urgently expected by wearable applications. Traditional rigid contact‐separation type tribovoltaic DC generators normally have non‐ignorable friction loss and cannot sustain outstanding outputs. This hinders their serviceability in continuous motion scenarios. Here, flexible liquid‐based DC generators (FLGs) with metal‐liquid‐semiconductor indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) stack structures are reported. The FLG with Pt/H2O/IGZO structure delivers a peak short‐circuit current density up to 2.3 µA cm−2, a peak open‐circuit voltage up to 620 mV, and a power density up to 0.1 µW cm−2. The differences in the properties of different liquid–solid interfaces are studied by density functional theory, showing that the bond formation, charge‐transfer‐induced dipole electric field at the solid‐liquid interface, and the built‐in electric field are responsible for the generation and separation of electron‐hole pairs to form continuous DC. The proposed FLG can keep excellent performance even after >5 × 104 shaking cycles or exposing to ambient conditions for 30 days, showing extraordinary stability. Besides charging capacitors or driving LEDs, the FLG is further demonstrated to work for self‐powered multifunctional sensing, enabling pressure, position‐posture, or temperature detections. This design offers potential solutions and novel possibilities for next‐generation self‐powered wearable electronics.
Improved Performance of Biohybrid Muscle‐Based Bio‐Bots Doped with Piezoelectric Boron Nitride Nanotubes
Authors: Mestre Rafael , Fuentes Judith , Lefaix Laura , Wang Jiaojiao , Guix Maria , Murillo Gonzalo , Bashir Rashid , Sánchez Samuel
Published: November 2022

Biohybrid robots, or bio‐bots, integrate living and synthetic materials following a synergistic strategy to acquire some of the unique properties of biological organisms, like adaptability or bio‐sensing, which are difficult to obtain exclusively using artificial materials. Skeletal muscle is one of the preferred candidates to power bio‐bots, enabling a wide variety of movements from walking to swimming. Conductive nanocomposites, like gold nanoparticles or graphene, can provide benefits to muscle cells by improving the scaffolds’ mechanical and conductive properties. Here, boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs), with piezoelectric properties, are integrated in muscle‐based bio‐bots and an improvement in their force output and motion speed is demonstrated. A full characterization of the BNNTs is provided, and their piezoelectric behavior with piezometer and dynamometer measurements is confirmed. It is hypothesized that the improved performance is a result of an electric field generated by the nanocomposites due to stresses produced by the cells during differentiation. This hypothesis is backed with finite element simulations supporting that this stress can generate a non‐zero electric field within the matrix. With this work, it is shown that the integration of nanocomposite into muscle‐based bio‐bots can improve their performance, paving the way toward stronger and faster bio‐hybrid robots.
Visible Light‐Enhanced C−H Amination of Cyclic Ethers with Iminoiodinanes
Authors: Jurberg Igor D. , Nome Rene A. , Crespi Stefano , Atvars Teresa D. Z. , König Burkhard
Published: November 2022

A two‐step protocol allowing the C−H amination of cyclic ethers with iminoiodinanes, followed by the reduction of the resulting intermediate has been developed for the preparation of amino alcohols. The initial C−H functionalization is accelerated by visible light, improving the reactivity compared to the thermal process performed in the dark. The effect of different substituents on the photochemical reactivity of iminoiodinanes has been studied both experimentally and computationally. Photophysical measurements and DFT calculations were performed to better understand the observed reactivities and corroborate the proposed mechanistic proposal.

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From Unit to Dose: A Machine Learning Approach for Precise Prediction of Hemoglobin and Iron Content in Individual Packed Red Blood Cell Units
Authors: Epah Jeremy , Gülec Ilay , Winter Stefan , Dörr Johanna , Geisen Christof , Haecker Eva , Link Dietmar , Schwab Matthias , Seifried Erhard , Schäfer Richard
Published: November 2022

Transfusion of packed red blood cells (pRBCs) saves lives, but iron overload limits survival of chronically transfused patients. Quality control methods, which involve entering pRBC units and removing them from the blood supply, reveal that hemoglobin (38.5–79.9 g) and heme iron (133.42–276.89 mg) vary substantially between pRBCs. Yet, neither hemoglobin nor iron content can be quantified for individual clinically used pRBCs leading to rules of thumb for pRBC transfusions. Keeping their integrity, the authors seek to predict hemoglobin/iron content of any given pRBC unit applying eight machine learning models on 6,058 pRBCs. Based on thirteen features routinely collected during blood donation, production and quality control testing, the model with best trade‐off between performance and complexity in hemoglobin/iron content prediction is identified. Validation of this model in an independent cohort of 2637 pRBCs confirms an adjusted R2 > 0.9 corresponding to a mean absolute prediction error of ≤1.43 g hemoglobin/4.96 mg iron (associated standard deviation: ≤1.13 g hemoglobin/3.92 mg iron). Such unprecedented precise prediction enables reliable pRBC dosing per pharmaceutically active agent, and monitoring iron uptake in patients and individual iron loss in donors. The model is implemented in a free open source web application to facilitate clinical application.
A generic approach yields organic solar cells with enhanced efficiency and thermal stability
Authors: Gao Mengyuan , Zhang Kai , He Chunyong , Jiang Hanqiu , Li Xiong , Qi Qingchun , Zhou Kangkang , Chen Yu , Zhao Wenchao , Ye Long
Published: November 2022

The use of deuterium are critical for promoting the fundamental understanding of aggregate materials and their new functions. Particularly, the solution structure of conjugated polymers can be hardly resolved without deuteration. However, studies about the isotopic effects of casting solvents on the aggregated structures of photovoltaic polymers and their bulk‐heterojunction blends are deficient. Here, the impact of deuterated solvents on the thermal behavior, aggregated structures, and device performance of photovoltaic polymers is clearly delineated for the first time by multiple techniques. The enhanced π‐π stacking order of photovoltaic polymers is highly relevant to their relatively poor miscibility with deuterated solvents. Benefiting from higher crystallinity and optimized morphology of deuterated solvents processed films, the devices are able to achieve better efficiency and notable improvement in thermal stability. Our results highlight the isotopic effects of solvents on the aggregated structure of conjugated polymer systems and reveal the potential of innovative approaches to fabricate thermally stable high‐efficiency solar cells.
Selection in utero against male twins in the United States early in the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Bruckner Tim A. , Bustos Brenda , Margerison Claire , Gemmill Alison , Casey Joan , Catalano Ralph
Published: November 2022

Objectives

We aim to contribute to the literature reporting tests of selection in utero. The theory of reproductive suppression predicts that natural selection would conserve mechanisms, referred to collectively as selection in utero, that spontaneously abort fetuses unlikely to thrive as infants in the prevailing environment. Tests of this prediction include reports that women give birth to fewer than expected male twins, historically among the frailest of infants, during stressful times. The onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic in the United States in Spring 2020 demonstrably stressed the population. We test the hypothesis that conception cohorts in gestation at the onset of the pandemic in the United States yielded fewer than expected live male twin births.

Methods

We retrieved deidentified data on the universe of live births in the United States from the National Center for Health Statistics birth certificate records. We applied Box‐Jenkins time‐series methods to the twin secondary sex ratio computed for 77 monthly conception cohorts spanning August 2013 to December 2019 to detect outlying cohorts in gestation at the onset of the pandemic.

Results

The twin secondary sex ratio fell below expected values in three conception cohorts (i.e., July, September, and October 2019, all p < .05) exposed in utero to the onset of the pandemic.

Conclusions

Our results add to prior findings consistent with selection in utero. The role of selection in utero in shaping the characteristics of live births cohorts, especially during the COVID‐19 pandemic, warrants further scrutiny.
Recessive NUP54 Variants Underlie Early‐Onset Dystonia with Striatal Lesions
Authors: Harrer Philip , Schalk Audrey , Shimura Masaru , Baer Sarah , Calmels Nadège , Spitz Marie Aude , Warde Marie‐Thérèse Abi , Schaefer Elise , Kittke Volker M.Sc , Dincer Yasemin , Wagner Matias , Dzinovic Ivana , Berutti Riccardo , Sato Tatsuharu , Shirakawa Toshihiko , Okazaki Yasushi , Murayama Kei , Oexle Konrad , Prokisch Holger , Mall Volker , Melčák Ivo , Winkelmann Juliane , Zech Michael
Published: November 2022

Infantile striatonigral degeneration is caused by a homozygous variant of the nuclear‐pore complex (NPC) gene NUP62, involved in nucleo‐cytoplasmic trafficking. By querying sequencing‐datasets of patients with dystonia and/or Leigh(‐like) syndromes, we identified 3 unrelated individuals with biallelic variants in NUP54. All variants clustered in the C‐terminal protein region that interacts with NUP62. Associated phenotypes were similar to those of NUP62‐related disease, including early‐onset dystonia with dysphagia, choreoathetosis, and T2‐hyperintense lesions in striatum. In silico and protein‐biochemical studies gave further evidence for the argument that the variants were pathogenic. We expand the spectrum of NPC component‐associated dystonic conditions with localized basal‐ganglia abnormalities. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:330–335
A Polyfluoroalkyl‐Containing Non‐fullerene Acceptor Enables Self‐Stratification in Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Shihao , Hong Ling , Dong Minghao , Deng Wanyuan , Shao Lin , Bai Yuanqing , Zhang Kai , Liu Chunchen , Wu Hongbin , Huang Fei
Published: November 2022

The elaborate control of the vertical phase distribution within an active layer is critical to ensuring the high performance of organic solar cells (OSCs), but is challenging. Herein, a self‐stratification active layer is realised by adding a novel polyfluoroalkyl‐containing non‐fullerene small‐molecule acceptor (NFSMA), EH‐C8F17, as the guest into PM6:BTP‐eC9 blend. A favourable vertical morphology was obtained with an upper acceptor‐enriched thin layer and a lower undisturbed bulk heterojunction layer. Consequently, a power conversion efficiency of 18.03 % was achieved, higher than the efficiency of 17.40 % for the device without EH‐C8F17. Additionally, benefiting from the improved charge transport and collection realised by this self‐stratification strategy, the OSC with a thickness of 350 nm had an impressive PCE of 16.89 %. The results of the study indicate that polyfluoroalkyl‐containing NFSMA‐assisted self‐stratification within the active layer is effective for realising an ideal morphology for high‐performance OSCs.
Catalytically Stable Potassium Single‐Atom Solid Superbases
Authors: Peng Song‐Song , Shao Xiang‐Bin , Gu Meng‐Xuan , Zhang Guo‐Song , Gu Chen , Nian Yao , Jia Yiming , Han You , Liu Xiao‐Qin , Sun Lin‐Bing
Published: November 2022

Solid superbases can catalyze diverse reactions under mild conditions, while they suffer from aggregation of basic sites and poor stability during recycling. Here we report a new generation of solid superbases derived from K single atoms (SAs) prepared by a tandem redox strategy. The initial redox reaction takes place between base precursor KNO3 and graphene support, producing K2O at 400 °C. Further increasing the temperature to 800 °C, the graphene reduces K2O to K anchored by its vacancies, leading to the generation of K SAs (denoted as K1/G). The source of basicity in the K1/G is K SAs, and neighboring single atoms (NSAs) possess superbasicity, which is different from conventional basicity originated from oxygen and nitrogen atoms. Due to the superbasicity as well as high dispersion and anchoring of basic sites, the K1/G shows excellent catalytic activity and stability in transesterification reaction, which is much superior to the reported catalysts.
A Low‐Concentration Electrolyte for High‐Voltage Lithium‐Metal Batteries: Fluorinated Solvation Shell and Low Salt Concentration Effect
Authors: Deng Rongyu , Chu Fulu , Kwofie Felix , Guan Zengqiang , Chen Jieshuangyang , Wu Feixiang
Published: November 2022

Concentration of electrolyte has significant effects on performances of rechargeable batteries. Previous studies mainly focused on concentrated electrolytes. So far, only several recipes on low‐concentration electrolytes were studied, performing enhanced performance in advanced rechargeable batteries. Here, based on common electrolyte components, a low‐concentration electrolyte composed of 0.2 M lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) solvated in fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) is employed for high‐voltage Li metal battery. The synergistic working mechanisms of introducing fluorine‐containing solvent in the solvated structure and low salt concentration effect are revealed, resulting in LiF‐rich, uniform, and robust solid electrolyte interphase layer and fewer unfavorable decomposition products. As a result, this low‐concentration electrolyte significantly enhances electrochemical performances of Li||Li symmetric cells and high‐voltage LiCoO2||Li batteries.
Enhancement of viscoelastic property of MABS processed by melt compounding and injection molding
Authors: Sujon Md. Abu Shaid , Madsen Jeppe , Christiansen Jesper de Claville , Islam Aminul
Published: November 2022

This work is focused on developing a new type of polymer blend to improve the viscoelastic property of methyl methacrylate acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (MABS). A multi‐phase binary polymer blend was prepared by melt mixing in a twin screw extruder with three different weight ratios (10, 20, and 30 wt%) with a dynamically vulcanized alloy consisting mostly of fully cured ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM) particles encapsulated in a polypropylene (PP) matrix trade name Santoprene and an engineered styrene based thermoplastic elastomer trade name VDT to enhance the viscoelastic property of the blends. The compatibility and performance of the binary blend were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), laser microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and tensile analysis. The DMA analysis of the samples revealed that the damping performance was significantly increased with the incorporation of the elastomeric phase into the MABS matrix. In addition, the morphological analysis revealed that VDT is more compatible with MABS compared to Santoprene. The NMR and FT‐IR analysis further supported the reason for higher compatibility of VDT and MABS blend. The improvement of the damping properties has been observed with the increased wt % of the VDT and Santoprene in the blends.
Investigation of the tetraethoxysilane‐derived sol–gel process by rheological oscillation test and the effect of different synthetic parameters
Authors: Lu Zichen , Zhang Ting , Liu Zhiwei , Kong Xiangming , Sun Zhenping
Published: November 2022

The tetraethoxysilane (TEOS)‐derived sol–gel process was systematically investigated by the rheological oscillation test and the effect of different synthetic parameters, including TEOS concentration, water content, base catalyst concentration and temperature, on the viscoelastic properties of the formed gel was analyzed. It is found that the rheological oscillation test provides an efficient and accurate way to determine the gelation time in the sol–gel process. The time at which the storage modulus and loss modulus intersect can be regarded as the gelation time in the sol–gel process and it matches well with the time observed with the naked eyes. Furthermore, both the increased TEOS and base catalyst concentration can be beneficial to the improvement of the gel elasticity, which could be related to the increased concentration of silica primary particles and its condensation reaction rate. However, the increased water content and temperature lead to a first increase and then a decrease in the elasticity of the gel. The proper molar ratio of TEOS to water is 0.67:4.01 and the suitable reaction temperature is 318 K in this study.
Synthesis and characterization of tetrafluorophenyl phosphonic acid functionalized polyacrylates as potential proton conducting materials in fuel cells
Authors: Alter Christian , Weitkamp Robin F. , Hoge Berthold
Published: November 2022

Novel acrylate polymers functionalized with tetrafluorophenyl phosphonic acid groups were prepared by free radical polymerization of phosphonic ester acrylate monomers. Liberation of the free acid functions was realized by ester cleavage with Me3SiBr and the subsequent hydrolysis with methanol. The obtained polymers were analyzed by NMR and IR spectroscopy. The ion exchange capacity of the phosphonic acid functionalized methacrylate polymer was determined to 2.8 mmol/g by titration with 0.1 M NaOH. The proton conductivity under anhydrous conditions was determined to 6.84 × 10−6 Scm−1 at 120°C by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
Enhancement of mechanical properties of high modulus polypropylene grade for multilayer sewage pipes applications
Authors: Khoury Moussa Helena , Challita Georges , Badreddine Houssem , Montay Guillaume , Guelorget Bruno , Vallon Thomas , Yared Wadih , Abi Rizk Marwan , Alhussein Akram
Published: November 2022

Advances in technology have provided fresh generations of stiff polypropylene block copolymers for gravity sewerage applications. The aim of this study is to further enhance the stiffness of these materials through the incorporation of inorganic fillers. In this study, three talc filled PP and one glass fiber filled PP composites were characterized in order to be used as a middle layer in a three‐layer sewage pipe. The obtained results showed an increase of approximately more than 100% and 250% in tensile and flexural moduli by the use of 30%–50 wt% talc‐filled PP and 30 wt.% glass fiber‐filled PP, respectively. This high increase in the rigidity of the material would allow manufacturing pipes with improving ring stiffness. Composites filled with 30 wt% talc or glass fiber showed good filler‐matrix interaction and good filler distribution and dispersion. However, reduced filler‐matrix interaction was observed in the case of the composite filled with 50 wt% talc. In addition, the use of Differential Scanning Calorimetry analysis revealed that the addition of fillers enhanced the crystallization temperature of the polypropylene matrix. Furthermore, Thermogravimetric Analysis showed that the high modulus PP grade retained its thermal stability in the various composites.
High performance and water‐degradable poly(neopentyl terephthalate‐co‐neopentyl succinate) copolymers: Synthesis, properties, and hydrolysis in different aquatic bodies
Authors: Dong Liming , Zhou Yingmei , Liu Yuanyuan , Lu Bo , Ji Junhui , Ding Yue
Published: November 2022

Designing high‐performance water‐degradable plastics is an important way to address marine microplastic pollution. A series of poly(neopentyl terephthalate‐co‐neopentyl succinate) (PNST) copolymers were synthesized using the one‐step melt‐polycondensation method. The 1H‐NMR results showed that the neopeantyl succinate (NS) and neopeantyl terephthalate (NT) segments were randomly distributed, and the Fox model indicated that they demonstrate good compatibility. The PNST copolymers showed excellent mechanical properties. The tensile strength of poly(neopentyl terephthalate) (PNT) was 50.3 MPa, and the elongation at break was 10.0%. SA segments improved the flexibility of the PNT units, and the elongation at break of PNS was 2200%, which was more than 220 times than that of the PNT copolymer. The PNST copolymer had two decomposition platforms. The fastest decomposition rate of PNS occurred at 450°C, and that of PNT at 500°C. SA units improved the rotation and hydrophilic properties of the chains, which allowed for degradation and reduced the water contact from 102.9° to 68.9°. The weight loss of PNS was more than 20% after degrading in alkaline solution for 49 days, and 1% and 1.9% in neutral and acid solution, respectively. Thus, PNST copolymers are promising water‐degradable materials with good tensile and excellent thermal properties.
Gender and country biases in Wikipedia citations to scholarly publications
Authors: Zheng Xiang , Chen Jiajing , Yan Erjia , Ni Chaoqun
Published: November 2022

Ensuring Wikipedia cites scholarly publications based on quality and relevancy without biases is critical to credible and fair knowledge dissemination. We investigate gender‐ and country‐based biases in Wikipedia citation practices using linked data from the Web of Science and a Wikipedia citation dataset. Using coarsened exact matching, we show that publications by women are cited less by Wikipedia than expected, and publications by women are less likely to be cited than those by men. Scholarly publications by authors affiliated with non‐Anglosphere countries are also disadvantaged in getting cited by Wikipedia, compared with those by authors affiliated with Anglosphere countries. The level of gender‐ or country‐based inequalities varies by research field, and the gender‐country intersectional bias is prominent in math‐intensive STEM fields. To ensure the credibility and equality of knowledge presentation, Wikipedia should consider strategies and guidelines to cite scholarly publications independent of the gender and country of authors.
Maladaptive behaviors in children with autism and parental hopelessness: The moderating role of parental reflective functioning
Authors: Enav Yael , Knudtson Marguerite V. , Hardan Antonio Y. , Gross James J.
Published: November 2022

Hopelessness in parents has implications for parents' own well‐being as well as their ability to meet the needs of their children. In the present study, we examined the effect of maladaptive behaviors in children with autism on parental hopelessness, with particular attention to whether parental reflective functioning would moderate the effect of maladaptive behaviors on parental hopelessness. Our sample included 68 parents of children with autism between the ages of 3 and 18. Findings revealed a significant positive relationship between maladaptive behaviors in the children and hopelessness in the parents. Moreover, parental reflective functioning moderated the effect of child maladaptive behaviors on parental hopelessness, such that children's maladaptive behaviors were positively associated with parental hopelessness in parents with low (but not high) reflective functioning. Findings suggest parental reflective functioning may be a protective factor against parental hopelessness, and thus a possible target for interventions for hopelessness in parents whose children with autism exhibit greater maladaptive behaviors.
Can the UK AQ‐10 be applicable to Chinese samples with autism spectrum disorder in Hong Kong? Cross‐cultural similarities and differences
Authors: Leung Cecilia N. W. , Leung Cindy Sin Yu , Chan Raymond W. S. , Leung Patrick W. L.
Published: November 2022

The current study aimed at testing and developing alternative short versions of autism spectrum quotient (AQ‐10) (adult [self‐report], adult [parent‐report], adolescent, and child versions) for use in Hong Kong. First, the various versions of AQ‐10 developed in the United Kingdom (the AQ‐10‐UK) were applied to Hong Kong Chinese samples and demonstrated satisfactory discriminative power (AUCs 0.77–0.94). Second, the Hong Kong Chinese versions of AQ‐10 (AQ‐10‐HK) were developed, using the same methodology as in the original UK study. There were some changes in the choice of items and cut‐offs. The AQ‐10‐HK demonstrated slightly greater discriminative power (AUCs 0.88–0.97) to that of the AQ‐10‐UK, but the differences in AUCs were not statistically significant. Compared to the corresponding full‐length versions, both the UK and HK short forms did not seem to lose any significant discriminative power. Yet, the various versions of AQ, be they the full‐length or AQ‐10, appeared to consistently exhibit slightly smaller AUCs with the Hong Kong Chinese samples than with the UK samples. So, this study found both cross‐cultural similarities and differences. The AQ‐10‐HK was recommended for local practice to maximize the advantage gained. Yet, for international multi‐site research collaboration, involving the UK and HK, the original AQ‐10‐UK can be used for direct comparison of data.
The role of affinity for prosumption experiences and values
Authors: Wolf Marco , Ritz Wendy , McQuitty Shaun
Published: November 2022

Prosumers are individuals who produce goods they consume themselves. The prosumption literature suggests that prosumption can be enhanced through knowledge sharing, creativity and innovation, and developing expertise. In this article, we investigate the relationships between prosumption experiences, prosumption values, and affinity with a prosumption activity. We use a structural equation model approach to evaluate the relationships between these constructs and assume that affinity can mediate the relationship between prosumption experiences and values. We collect empirical data from prosumers who homebrew their own beer and confirm that prosumption experiences and values are positively related, and that affinity mediates the relationship between experiences and values. Implications deriving from these findings are discussed along with directions for future research.
Development of the First Tritiated Tetrazine: Facilitating Tritiation of Proteins
Authors: Radjani Bidesi Natasha Shalina , Battisti Umberto Maria , Lopes van de Broek Sara , Shalgunov Vladimir , Dall Anne‐Mette , Bøggild Kristensen Jesper , Sehlin Dag , Syvänen Stina , Moos Knudsen Gitte , Herth Matthias Manfred
Published: November 2022

Tetrazine (Tz)–trans‐cyclooctene (TCO) ligation is an ultra‐fast and highly selective reaction and it is particularly suited to label biomolecules under physiological conditions. As such, a 3H‐Tz based synthon would have wide applications for in vitro/ex vivo assays. In this study, we developed a 3H‐labeled Tz and characterized its potential for application to pretargeted autoradiography. Several strategies were explored to synthesize such a Tz. However, classical approaches such as reductive halogenation failed. For this reason, we designed a Tz containing an aldehyde and explored the possibility of reducing this group with NaBT4. This approach was successful and resulted in [3H]‐(4‐(6‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazin‐3‐yl)phenyl)methan‐t‐ol with a radiochemical yield of 22 %, a radiochemical purity of 96 % and a molar activity of 0.437 GBq/μmol (11.8 Ci/mmol). The compound was successfully applied to pretargeted autoradiography. Thus, we report the synthesis of the first 3H‐labeled Tz and its successful application as a labeling building block.
Strong and silently suffering: Black girls and the Strong Black Woman schema
Authors: Johnson Brittany S. , Brown Shaquanna , Guthrie Tracey M.
Published: November 2022

Childhood is a critical developmental period characterized by awareness and understanding of societal norms and expectations. As Black women, we share childhood experiences that formed the basis of our early understanding of what it truly means to be Black in America. Creating a sense of community through our shared experiences, the authors recounted experiences like this one: In a pediatric waiting room years ago, a White child played with a velvet curtain, and was met with adoring gazes and friendly smiles. Minutes later, a Black child playing with the same velvet curtain was immediately approached by a security guard and asked to stop the behavior. Their Black mother verbally exploded at the security guard in defense of her child, condemning racialized double standards to the guard's back as he walked away. The little Black girl who watched her mother publicly lose composure for the first time began learning a lesson that would stay with her for the rest of her life – she was Black, and that had rules. Life would not be fair, but she must always behave in public, and because no one would care about her pain, there was no benefit in expressing it. This girl would fall victim to the “Strong Black Woman” schema, and one day educate others about its harms.
Computational fluid dynamics study of kaolin–water flow in a T‐junction using a novel shear‐thinning fluid model
Authors: Garimella Sai Manikiran , Ameenuddin Mohammed , Anand Mohan
Published: November 2022

A recently proposed shear‐thinning fluid model that mimics the response of seemingly viscoplastic materials is evaluated in computational fluid dynamics simulations by studying the steady flow of a kaolin–water suspension in a 2D T‐junction. The velocity profiles for the kaolin–water suspension are reported at the mid‐length of the main channel and the root of the bifurcation (where recirculation is expected to appear). The velocity profiles of the proposed model are compared with those from conventional viscoplastic models (Bingham plastic model and the Herschel–Bulkley model) at low (=100) and high Reynolds number (=2000). The new model predicts a recirculation zone (at the inner edge of the bifurcation arm) that conventional models do not. The effect of the variation in the model parameters (α1 and α2) on velocity profiles at low (=100) and high Reynolds numbers (=2000) is also documented. These indicate the disappearance of the recirculation zone at low Reynolds number as α1 (equivalently, viscosity) increases, whereas the recirculation zone persists even for higher values of α1 at high Reynolds number. Further, at low Reynolds number, the skewing of maximum velocity towards the outer edge of the bifurcation arm disappears as α2 increases, whereas the skewing persists even at the highest value of α2 used at the high Reynolds number.
A semantic segmentation method for remote sensing images based on multiple contextual feature extraction
Authors: Shumeng He , Gaodi Xu , Houqun Yang
Published: November 2022

Semantic segmentation of remote sensing images plays a significant role in many applications such as urban planning and ecological protection, but its semantic segmentation suffers from large intra‐category variation and large differences in the scale of objects, so it is prone to misclassification. To cope with this issue, an embedded channel's categorical attention module (ECCA) is proposed to extract contextual information from the perspective of categories, and a channel attention module is embedded in it to achieve multiple contextual information extraction. Combined with the remote sensing atrous spatial pyramid pooling module (RSASPP), which is composed of atrous convolution with different expansion rates, feature fusion of objects at different scales is achieved. The refinement module (RM) is added for boundary refinement to achieve finer segmentation. Experiments are conducted on the WHDLD dataset to prove the effectiveness of the method.
Disentangling Excimer Emission from Chiral Induction in Nanoscale Helical Silica Scaffolds Bearing Achiral Chromophores
Authors: Álvaro‐Martins Maria João , Garcés‐Garcés José , Scalabre Antoine , Liu Peizhao , Fernández‐Lázaro Fernando , Sastre‐Santos Ángela , Bassani Dario M. , Oda Reiko
Published: November 2022

The synthesis and characterization of diketopyrrolopyrroles and perylenemonoimidodiesters linked to a substituted benzoic acid in the ortho, meta, and para positions, are reported. Grafting of these dyes on the surface of chiral silica nanohelices is used to probe how the morphology of the platform at the mesoscopic level affects the induction of chiroptical properties onto achiral molecular chromophores. The grafted structures are weakly (diketopyrrolopyrroles) or strongly (perylenemonoimidodiesters) emissive, exhibiting both locally‐excited state emission and a broad, structureless emission assigned to excimers. The dissymmetry factors obtained using circular dichroism highlight optimized supramolecular organization between the chromophores for enhancing the chiroptical properties of the system. In the ortho‐ derivatives, poor organization due to steric hindrance is reflected in a low density of chromophores on walls of the silica‐nanostructures (<0.1 vs. >0.3 and up to 0.6 molecules/nm2 for the ortho and meta or para derivatives, respectively) and lower gabs values than in the other derivatives (gabs<2×10−5 vs 6×10−5 for the ortho and para derivatives, respectively). The para derivatives presented a better organization and increased values of gabs. All grafted chromophores evidence varying degrees of excimer emission which was not found to directly correlate to their grafting density.
Integration of Nanographenes and Organic Chemistry – Toward Nanographene‐based Two‐dimensional Materials
Authors: Sekiya Ryo , Haino Takeharu
Published: November 2022

The front cover artwork is provided by Takeharu Haino's group. The image shows the fragmentation of a graphene sheet by chemical oxidation, producing nanographenes. The quantum size effect opens the band gap of nanographenes, allowing them to emit photoluminescence in the visible region. Read the full text of the Concept at 10.1002/cphc.202200311.
What’s the Scope of 4R Practices for Reducing Emissions from Fertilizer?
Authors: Bruulsema Tom
Published: November 2022

Fertilizer use has been a key factor in boosting crop yields worldwide. At the same time, the global use of nitrogen fertilizer is associated with greenhouse gas emissions This article reviews the scope for reducing emissions associated with fertilizer use. It addresses the global scale and recent reports focused on Canada, the United States, and sub‐Saharan Africa. It concludes with a review of the advantages and limitations of approaches based on managing nitrogen surplus in crop nutrient budgets and shows how a 4R approach both includes and goes beyond reducing surpluses. Earn 1 CEU in Nutrient Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Polyoxometalate‐Enhanced 3D‐Printed Supercapacitors
Authors: Palacios‐Corella Mario , Ghosh Kalyan , Redondo Edurne , Pumera Martin
Published: November 2022

The contemporary critical energy crisis demands the fast and cost‐effective preparation of supercapacitors to replace old‐fashioned batteries. 3D‐printing has been established as a fast, cheap, and reliable new manufacturing technique that enables the preparation of such devices.. Unfortunately, carbon‐based filaments used in 3D printing lack the necessary electrical properties to build supercapacitors by themselves and have to be combined with other materials to reach their full potential. In this study, carbon‐based 3D‐printed carbon electrodes (3D‐PCE) have been combined with two polyoxometalates (that share the same redox cluster) by drop casting of the inorganic cluster mixed with a conducting slurry. The modified electrodes show higher capacitances than reference carbon electrodes showing the exceptional properties of the polyoxometalates. Moreover, the different nature of the polyoxometalate counter ions allows for their distinct deposition, giving rise to a different coverage of the surface of the 3D‐PCE. The different coverage and the nature of the interaction of the counter ion with the electrolyte significantly modify the capacitance and resistance of the materials, playing a key role that should not be overlooked during their preparation.
Sperm‐cell DNA fragmentation prediction using label‐free quantitative phase imaging and deep learning
Authors: Noy Lioz , Barnea Itay , Mirsky Simcha K. , Kamber Dotan , Levi Mattan , Shaked Natan T.
Published: November 2022

In intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), a single sperm cell is selected and injected into an egg. The quality of the chosen sperm and specifically its DNA fragmentation have a significant effect on the fertilization success rate. However, there is no method today to measure the DNA fragmentation of live and unstained cells during ICSI. We present a new method to predict the DNA fragmentation of sperm cells using multi‐layer stain‐free imaging data, including quantitative phase imaging, and lightweight deep learning architectures. The DNA fragmentation ground truth is achieved by staining the cells with acridine orange and imaging them via fluorescence microscopy. Our prediction model is based on the MobileNet convolutional neural network architecture combined with confidence measurement determined by distances between vectors in the latent space. Our results show that the mean absolute error for cells with high prediction confidence is 0.05 and the 90th percentile mean absolute error is 0.1, where the range of DNA fragmentation score is [0,1]. In the future, this model may be applied to improve cell selection by embryologists during ICSI.
Fine‐needle aspiration of scalp masses: A review of 30 cases
Authors: Doan Mary , Ramani Nisha S. , Arbab Farinaz , Green Linda K.
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Scalp masses are often the initial presentation of a widely disseminated malignancy. Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) is an optimal method for obtaining an accurate tissue diagnosis, in these patients with initial presentation and those with a known malignancy.

Materials and Methods

We reviewed all FNAs of skin and soft tissue lesions from the scalp at our institution over a period of 31 years (1990–2021). Relevant clinical information was obtained from the review of computerized patient record. The histologic type, presentation, previous diagnoses, and survival after the diagnosis were correlated.

Results

Thirty patients with scalp masses were identified. All the patients were males with a median age of 61 years (27–81 years). The scalp masses ranged from 0.4 to 6 cm in size. Ten cases (33%) were benign, but the majority of cases (n = 20, 67%) were malignant. Of the malignant lesions sampled, 1 case was a primary squamous‐cell carcinoma (SCC), and the remaining 19 cases were metastatic tumors. Of these, 13 cases (68.4%) had a previously diagnosed malignancy. Most of the 19 metastatic lesions were adenocarcinomas or poorly differentiated carcinomas (n = 12, 63.2%), followed by melanoma (n = 4), SCC (n = 1), alveolar soft part sarcoma (n = 1) and large cell lymphoma (n = 1). The most common site of primary was the gastrointestinal tract (6/19, 31.5%) and lung (6/19, 31.5%). The average survival after the diagnosis of these scalp metastases was around 6.3 months, signifying a poor prognosis.

Conclusion

In our patient population, most scalp masses were metastatic tumors. Metastasis to the scalp signals advanced disease and is associated with a very poor prognosis. FNA is an easy, safe, rapid, cost effective and precise modality for diagnosing these masses. It can also yield material for molecular testing for newer directed therapies, if needed.
Disordered eating in female Indian students during the Covid‐19 pandemic: The potential role of family
Authors: Amirapu Apoorva , Brady‐Van den Bos Mirjam
Published: November 2022

Background

Within a paternalistic culture where weight is socially important and parental pressures are strong, 10 female Indian university students across various countries faced particular problems when living with their parents during the Covid‐19 lockdowns.

Objective

The current interview study examines why cultural and familial factors during the Covid‐19 lockdown had such an impact on female Indian university students' food and exercise behaviors and self‐view.

Method

Semi‐structured, online (Microsoft Teams) interviews were conducted with 10 female Indian university students aged 20–23, who had moved back in with their parents during lockdown. The recorded and transcribed interviews were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis with a contextualist orientation.

Results

Five themes were generated. Set within a context where eating and exercise habits are regulated by cultural and familial factors (Theme 1), lockdown living situations amplified these factors (Theme 2), severely impacting students' cognitions and affect (Theme 3), and relationships with their parents (Theme 4) even after lockdown was over. Participants' experiences led to greater awareness and motivation to confront their issues regarding body image and mental health (Theme 5).

Conclusions

These findings have practical implications for counseling and eating disorder (ED) therapy in universities: Improved understanding of cultural and familial factors that affect female Indian students likely leads to better support. Our findings also emphasizes the need for research into the role of family and the impacts of family dynamics in the development of disordered eating habits.

Public Significance

In Indian culture, eating and exercise habits tend to be regulated by cultural and familial factors. When female university students moved back in with their parents during the Covid‐19 lockdowns, their living situation amplified these factors, severely impacting students' thoughts and feelings about their body, and relationships with their parents even after lockdown was over. The study has strong practical implications for university counseling settings and adds to research on the role of culture in how ED develops.
Temporal stability of polymorphic Arctic charr parasite communities reflects sustained divergent trophic niches
Authors: Rochat Eloïse C. , Paterson Rachel A. , Blasco‐Costa Isabel , Power Michael , Adams Colin E. , Greer Ron , Knudsen Rune
Published: November 2022

Polymorphic Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus populations frequently display distinct differences in habitat use, diet, and parasite communities. Changes to the relative species densities and composition of the wider fish community have the potential to alter the habitat niche of sympatric Arctic charr populations. This study evaluated the temporal stability of the parasite community, diet, and stable isotopes (δ13C, δ15N) of three sympatric Arctic charr morphs (piscivore, benthivore, and planktivore) from Loch Rannoch, Scotland, in relation to changes to the fish community. All Arctic charr morphs displayed distinct differences in parasite communities, diet, and stable isotope signatures over time, despite the establishment of four new trophically transmitted parasite taxa, and increased fish and zooplankton consumption by the piscivorous and planktivore morphs, respectively. Native parasite prevalence also increased in all Arctic charr morphs. Overall, Loch Rannoch polymorphic Arctic charr morph populations have maintained their distinct trophic niches and parasite communities through time despite changes in the fish community. This result indicates that re‐stocking a native fish species has the potential to induce shifts in the parasite community and diet of Arctic charr morphs.