bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated approach of ceramic and composite veneers in tetracycline stained teeth: A case report
Authors: Divya K.T , Satish G.
Published: July 2019

Tooth discoloration is one of the most frequent reasons that one seeks dental care. The common causes of tooth discoloration are fluorosis, enamel hypoplasia, tetracycline staining etc. Based on the severity of discoloration, treatment may vary from more conservative treatment like bleaching to more extensive treatments involving full crowns and veneers. The purpose of this article was to report the advanced treatment options and their integrated use for generalized intrinsic discoloration caused by Tetracycline encompassing bleaching to lighten the discoloration followed by Direct and Indirect veneer restorations using Composite resin and Ceramic respectively.

How to cite this article

Divya KT, Satish G. Integrated approach of ceramic and composite veneers in tetracycline stained teeth: A case report. CODS J Dent 2014;6;45-48
Fibrous dysplasia of right maxilla: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Rao Kavita , Guruprasad L , Uma Devi H S , Priya N S
Published: July 2019

Fibrous dysplasia is one of the most perplexing diseases of the fibro-osseous tissue. It is considered as a hamartomatous lesion of the bone and comprises 70% of the fibro osseous lesions. It is a disease of bone maturation and remodeling in which the normal medulla and cortices are replaced by disorganized fibrous woven bone. It is important to distinguish this lesion from other fibro osseous lesions mainly ossifying fibroma.

Pathologists usually confront difficulties in evaluating these fibro osseous lesions sharing similarities and differences with regard to clinical presentation, radiographic observation and microscopic picture. Accurate diagnosis of these lesions is of utmost importance to achieve optimal therapeutic goals.

A case of Fibrous dysplasia of maxilla with clinical, radiographic and routine histopathologic examination, along with special stains and blood chemistry is discussed here.
A case report of recurrent herpetic gingivostomatitis with special reference to the role of cytology in diagnosis
Authors: Madhushankari G.S , Jali Pramod K. , Nandini D.B , Mohan Kumar K.P
Published: July 2019

Most of the oral ulcers are similar in clinical appearance and the recurrent ulcers may not be diagnosed solely on their clinical appearance and require systematic approach for diagnosis by the clinicians to reduce the aliment of the patient and start early treatment. Biopsy, serological tests and culture seem to be either invasive or time consuming procedures from the view point of a dental outpatient. However, cytological smear at this stage is non-invasive, less time consuming and easily acceptable by the patient. A case of herpetic ginigivostomatitis, with diagnosis based on cytology in correlation with clinical presentation and history is discussed.

How to cite this article

Pramod KJ, Nandini DB, Mohan Kumar KP, Madhushankari GS. A case report of recurrent herpetic gingivostomatitis with special reference to the role of cytology in diagnosis CODS J Dent 2014;6;56-60
Eagle's syndrome with type III segmented styloid process: A case report
Authors: David Maria Priscilla , Usha V.A , Mamatha G.P
Published: July 2019

Eagle's syndrome is not an uncommon condition, but it is less known to Physicians where an elongated styloid process or calcified stylohyoid ligament compresses the adjacent anatomical structures leading to orofacial pain. Pain often gets relieved by surgical reduction of styloid process. Recently depending on the calcification it has been classified as three types. A case of Eagle's syndrome is reported here.

How to cite this article

Usha VA, Mamatha GP, Maria PD. Eagle's syndrome with type III segmented styloid process. A case report. CODS J Dent 2014;6;61-63
The concept of monobloc in Endodontic - A review
Authors: Deepak BS , Sophia T , Deepa J , Mallikarjun GK
Published: July 2019

The creation of a homogenous filling within the root canal has always been one of the most sought after objectives in the field of Endodontics. While conventional root canal filling materials have given predictable results, the pursuit of developing alternative sealers or techniques that bond simultaneously to canal wall dentin as well as filling materials has continued. Breakthroughs in dentin adhesive technology in the recent past have built a new generation of bondable root canal sealers and post systems. Thus arose the concept of monoblocs, with its purported advantages of simultaneously improving the seal and fracture resistance of the filled canals. The added advantages of reduced application steps and overall improvements in their user friendliness led to the aggressive marketing of materials claiming to achieve the ‘monobloc effect’. On the other hand the credibility of this concept in practice has launched controversial discussions. This review attempts to throw light on the various dimensions of the concept of monoblocs as well as to scrutinize the potential of various root canal filling materials to create monoblocs.

How to cite this article

Sophia T, Deepak BS, Deepa J, Mallikarjun GK. The concept of monobloc in Endodontics - A review. CODS J Dent 2014;6;83-89
Photodynamics in Dentistry - A Review
Authors: Shivanna Vasundhara , Nilegaonkar Rucha
Published: July 2019

To overcome limitations of antibiotics like microbial resistance, systemic side effects and limitation of spectrum of microorganisms affected, an effective and alternative therapy needs to replace the conventional treatment. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) consists of a photoactive dye (photosensitizer) that is activated by specific wavelength light in the presence of oxygen. PDT has shown potential in the treatment of oral leukoplakia, oral lichen planus, and head and neck cancer, treatment of bacterial, fungal, parasitic, and viral infections. The absence of mutagenic effects of PDT is an important factor for safety during treatment.

How to cite this article

Shivanna V, Nilegaonkar R. Photodynamics in Dentistry – A Review. CODS J Dent 2015;7:13-18
An overview of fiber reinforced composites used in fixed partial dentures
Authors: Ashwini W , Veena SP , Swati B
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this article is to review the use of fiber reinforced composites in fixed partial dentures. Fiber reinforced materials have highly favourable mechanical properties and their strength to weight ratios are superior to those of most alloys. When compared to metals they offer many other advantages as well, including non-corrosiveness, translucency, good bonding properties and ease of repair. They also offer the potential for chairside and laboratory fabrication.

How to cite this article

Ashwini W, Veena SP, Swati B. An overview of fiber reinforced composites used in fixed partial dentures. CODS J Dent 2015;7:23-27
Restorative – Orthodontics: A substitution for missing teeth
Authors: Shivaprakash G.
Published: July 2019

Most often the missing teeth are conventionally managed with either implants or other fixed or removable prostheses. This article describes another possibility of orthodontically closing these spaces, thereby restoring an ideal occlusion and arch integrity without the need of prosthesis. This article presents case reports where the spaces of missing teeth were closed orthodontically, leaving no room for prosthesis, thereby providing a physiologically balanced occlusion and avoiding the lifelong maintenance of prosthesis.

How to cite this article

Restorative – Orthodontics: A substitution for missing teeth. G. Shivaprakash, CODS J Dent 2015;7:36-38.
Treatment regime for crown fractures: Autogenous tooth fragment reattachment – A case series
Authors: Bajaj Meghna , Poornima P. , Lobo Nitika
Published: July 2019

Maxillary crown fractures are most common form of traumatic dental injuries that mainly affect the maxillary central incisors, in children and teenagers. The improvement in adhesive dentistry has allowed dentists to use the patient's own fragment to restore the fractured tooth, if the fragment is available. Reattachment is such an ultraconservative and advanced technique which provides safe, fast, and aesthetically pleasing results with immediate restoration of function and phonetics. This article describes few cases in which fragment reattachment was done using different combination of techniques viz. simple reattachment, circumferential bevel and internal dentinal groove.

How to cite this article

Nagaveni N. B, Bajaj M, Lobo N, Poornima P. Treatment regime for crown fractures: Autogenous tooth fragment reattachment - A Case Series. CODS J Dent 2015;7: 96-99.
Imaging Modalities in Gynecology
Authors: Busse Raydeen M
Published: July 2019

Although ultrasound is the primary imaging modality for most gynecologic diagnoses and conditions, knowledge of other diagnostic imaging procedures is important to gynecologists, emergency room physicians and radiologists who care for women of all ages. Since the early 1960s when ultrasound was introduced for the use in obstetrics and gynecology, other imaging techniques have rapidly come into play due to the tremendous advances in computer technology and in the field of engineering. It behooves us to become familiar and knowledgeable about the differences in these imaging techniques in order to gather the most information in the shortest amount of time to care for patients in the most efficient and cost-effective way. This review is meant for the use of most practicing physicians that are exposed to common as well as uncommon gynecologic conditions; therefore the primary imaging modalities discussed in this paper are limited to ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Objectives

Understanding of the strengths and limitations of ultrasound, MRI and CT

Obtaining knowledge of when to apply the most appropriate imaging technique for a certain clinical situations
Orthodontic Microimplants and Its Applications
Authors: Karandikar Girish , Patil Rajesh
Published: July 2019

Microimplants usage has revolutionized the clinical orthodontic practice over last few years. Their diverse clinical applications and ease of usage has simplified orthodontic cases requiring maximum anchorage. Their application in minor tooth movements for facilitation of prosthodontic restoration in overerupted or drifted teeth without usage of orthodontic brackets will soon find favour with other dental specialties.
Use of Functional Appliances in General Dental Practice
Authors: Karandikar Girish R. , Karandikar Anita G. , Navlani Madhur Vasudev
Published: July 2019

Although most malocclusions pertaining to irregularities of teeth resolve through moving teeth, occasional malocclusions confront us with a disharmonious inter-jaw-relationship owing to faulty size and/ or faulty anteroposterior location of the jaws or dentoalveolar regions. These malocclusions do not always respond favorably to conventional tooth moving appliances and are ideal candidates for appliances that have the capability of molding bones as well as relocating them. Through this article, the authors outline a way that General Dentists can get enough ‘food for thought’ for treating such cases on their own by using simple removable appliances. Additional reading/training may be needed to get to use the functional appliances with felicity.
Bioterrorism and Dentistry
Authors: Chaudhari Amit , Chaudhari Priya
Published: July 2019

In modern world, to spread the confusion and panic among the people terrorist can use biological weapon. In such Bioterrorism attack health professionals plays a key role. This paper reviews the historical aspect, definition, classification of bioterrorism agents and the role of dentistry in such catastrophic event.
Telescopic Overdenture with Customized Double Copings- A Simplified Approach to Preventive Prosthodontics
Authors: Mhatre Swapnali , Mahadevan Janani , Shah Naisargi P , Ram Sabita M.
Published: July 2019

Preventive Prosthodontics emphasizes the importance of any procedure that can delay or eliminate future prosthodontic problems. The conventional modality of treatment for partially edentulous arches with presence of a few teeth, was either to render them completely edentulous by extracting the remaining teeth and providing complete dentures, or restoring them with removable partial dentures. An overdenture with support of few remaining teeth can also be provided as a good alternative. Various attachments and types of overdentures can be fabricated on the retained teeth or roots. The telescopic crowns for the overdenture can be given as a successful attachment. This article presents the simplified technique of telescopic overdenture using customized double copings for the overdenture abutments.
Florid Cemento-Osseous Dysplasia
Authors: Natrajan Srivalli , Asnani Usha , Galinde Jyotsna S. , Sonar Mahesh
Published: July 2019

Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia (FCOD) is an uncommon benign multifocal dysplastic lesion affecting the jaws that consists of cellular fibrous connective tissue with bone and cementum like tissue. It is most commonly seen in middle aged black woman although it can occur in Caucasians and Asians. A case of FCOD in a 63 year old Indian woman with unique radiographic and clinical presentation is reported.
Internet Resources for Dentistry: Computer, Internet, Reference, and Sites for Enhancing Personal Productivity of the Dental Professional
Authors: Guest Gary F.
Published: July 2019

At the onset of the new millennium the Internet has become the new standard means of distributing information. In the last two to three years there has been an explosion of e-commerce with hundreds of new web sites being created every minute. For most corporate entities, a web site is as essential as the phone book listing used to be. Twenty years ago technologist directed how computer-based systems were utilized. Now it is the end users of personal computers that have gained expertise and drive the functionality of software applications. The computer, initially invented for mathematical functions, has transitioned from this role to an integrated communications device that provides the portal to the digital world. The Web needs to be used by healthcare professionals, not only for professional activities, but also for instant access to information and services “just when they need it.” This will facilitate the longitudinal use of information as society continues to gain better information access skills.

With the demand for current “just in time” information and the standards established by Internet protocols, reference sources of information may be maintained in dynamic fashion. News services have been available through the Internet for several years, but now reference materials such as online journals and digital textbooks have become available and have the potential to change the traditional publishing industry. The pace of change should make us consider Will Rogers’ advice, “It isn't good enough to be moving in the right direction. If you are not moving fast enough, you can still get run over!” The intent of this article is to complement previous articles on Internet Resources published in this journal, by presenting information about web sites that present information on computer and Internet technologies, reference materials, news information, and information that lets us improve personal productivity.

Neither the author, nor the Journal endorses any of the sites or products listed, but include these references and links as a matter of convenience for its readers.
A Randomized Clinical Trial to Compare Plaque Inhibition of a Sodium Fluoride/Potassium Nitrate Dentifrice versus a Stabilized Stannous Fluoride/ Sodium Hexametaphosphate Dentifrice
Authors: Barker Matthew L. , Bellamy Philip G. , Khera Nichelle , Day Trevor N. , Mussett Andrew J.
Published: July 2019

Aim

To compare the plaque inhibition efficacy of a sodium fluoride/potassium nitrate (NaF/KNO3 with 1450 ppm F) test dentifrice to a 0.454% stannous fluoride/sodium hexametaphosphate/sodium fluoride positive control dentifrice (SnF2/SHMP with 1450 ppm F).

Methods and Materials

Twenty-five subjects were randomized to a two-period, two-treatment, double blind crossover sequence using NaF/KNO3 (Sensodyne® ProNamel™ dentifrice) and SnF2/SHMP (blend-a-med®* EXPERT GUMS PROTECTION dentifrice). Each treatment was conducted with a standard manual toothbrush (Oral-B® P35 Indicator). Digital plaque image analysis (DPIA) was used on three consecutive days to evaluate: (a) overnight plaque formation (A.M. pre-brushing); (b) following 40 seconds of brushing with the test product (A.M. post-brushing); and (c) mid-afternoon (P.M.). Images were analysed using an objective computer algorithm to calculate the total area of visible plaque. A four-day washout period was instituted for the crossover phase.

Results

All 25 subjects completed the study. The SnF2/SHMP positive control dentifrice provided statistically significantly lower levels of plaque area coverage versus the NaF/KNO3 test dentifrice at each timepoint. For the SnF2/SHMP dentifrice, plaque coverage was 23.0% lower (p<0.0001) at A.M. pre-brushing, 17.3% (p=0.0163) lower at A.M. post-brushing, and 22.6% (p= 0.0004) lower at the P.M. measure relative to the NaF/KNO3 dentifrice.

Conclusion

The SnF2/SHMP dentifrice (blend-a-med® EXPERT GUMS PROTECTION) inhibits plaque regrowth both overnight and during the day to a significantly greater degree than the NaF/KNO3 dentifrice (Sensodyne® ProNamel™).

Clinical Significance

Dentists recommending an effective home use dentifrice for patients experiencing dentinal hypersensitivity and/or dental erosion may previously have needed to compromise on other key benefits, such as plaque control. blend-a-med® EXPERT GUMS PROTECTION is a dentifrice when integrated into an oral hygiene routine can provide a proven treatment for hypersensitivity, dental erosion, and a reduction in the regrowth of plaque.

Citation

Bellamy PG, Khera N, Day TN, Barker ML, Mussett AJ. A Randomized Clinical Trial to Compare Plaque Inhibition of a Sodium Fluoride/Potassium Nitrate Dentifrice versus a Stabilized Stannous Fluoride/ Sodium Hexametaphosphate Dentifrice. J Contemp Dent Pract 2009 March; (10)2:001-009.

* Also branded Crest® and Ipana, depending on the country.
Overdenture as a Restorative Option for Hypocalcified-hypoplastic Amelogenesis imperfecta: A Case Report
Authors: Baräo Valentim Adelino Ricardo , Assunção Wirley Gonçalves , Kanno Claudia Misue , Saito Célia Tomiko Matida Hamata , Delben Juliana Aparecida
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this report is to describe the restorative treatment of an 18-year-old patient diagnosed with autossomal recessive hypocalcified-hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfect (AI).

Background

Esthetic and functional rehabilitations in AI cases are challenging and should consider individual aspects, such as age, socioeconomic status, AI type, and intraoral condition.

Report

AI was diagnosed in an 18-year-old patient.

Considering the short length of crowns and roots, patient life expectancy, minimal invasiveness, amount of treatment time required, and lower costs, oral rehabilitation with overdentures provided an adequate functional and esthetic rehabilitation of the patient.

Clinical Significance

This report demonstrated overdentures to be a viable, relatively inexpensive, and noninvasive treatment choice of a patient with AI with concerns about treatment longevity, invasiveness, cost, esthetics, and long-term maintenance.

Citation

Assunção WG, Barão VAR, Kanno CM, Saito CTMH, Delben JA. Overdenture as a Restorative Option for Hypocalcified-hypoplastic Amelogenesis imperfecta: A Case Report. J Contemp Dent Pract 2009 May; (10)3:067-073.
Effects of Surface Texture and Etching Time on Roughness and Bond Strength to Ground Enamel
Authors: Reis Andre Figueiredo , Aguiar Flávio Henrique Baggio , Giannini Marcelo , Pereira Patricia Nóbrega Rodrigues
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this study was to assess the influence of surface texture and etching technique on surface roughness (Ra) and bond strength (BS) to enamel and to determine if a correlation exists between them.

Methods and Materials

Fifty enamel blocks were either roughened with 600-grit SiC paper or polished with diamond pastes. After establishing ten test groups (n=5), the initial Ra measurements, rough (R) and smooth (S) enamel surfaces were etched according to the following protocols: Group 1(R)/Group 2(S)- 35% phosphoric acid gel (H3PO4) for 15 seconds; Group 3(R)/Group 4(S)- 35% H3PO4 for 60 seconds; Group 5(R)/Group 6(S)- Clearfil SE Bond primer for 20 seconds; Group 7(R)/Group 8(S)- self-etching primer (SEP) for 60 seconds; Group 9(R)/ Group 10(S)- 35% H3PO4 for 15 seconds + SEP for 20 seconds. After treatments, a new Ra measurement was performed and enamel surfaces were bonded with either Single Bond (Group 1 to Group 4) or Clearfil SE Bond (Group 5 to Group 10). Afterwards, specimens were prepared for the microtensile test. Ra values were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the BS values were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA and Tukey test (5%). Correlation between BS and Ra values was assessed using the Pearson's test.

Results

The application of SEP produced the lowest Ra values. No significant difference was detected between the BS values of polished and rough surfaces. No correlation was observed between Ra and BS values. Even though etching enamel with the SEP resulted in a surface with less roughness, similar BS values were observed for both self-etching and etch-and-rinse techniques.

Conclusion

Within the limits of this study increasing the etching time or combining both etching techniques failed to improve the BS using SEP or etch-and-rinse systems.

Clinical Significance

Based on the findings of this study, there is no clinical justification for increasing the etching time or for combining the use of a SEP following the use of a 35% H3PO4 etchant to achieve a greater BS to ground enamel.

Citation

Reis AF, Aguiar FHB, Pereira PNR, Giannini M. Effects of Surface Texture and Etching Time on Roughness and Bond Strength to Ground Enamel. J Contemp Dent Pract 2009 July; (10)4:017-025.
Complications of Tongue Piercing: A Review of the Literature and Three Case Reports
Authors: Hornecker Else , Mausberg Rainer F. , Ziebolz Dirk , Stuehmer Constantin , van Nüss Katrin
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aims of this review of the literature are to offer further insights into possible problems related to tongue piercing and present three case reports showing undesired effects of tongue piercing.

Background

From a dental perspective, oral piercings and especially tongue piercings are not a harmless fashion trend since they can be associated with local and systemic risks and complications. A search of the literature was conducted to investigate the documentation of health risks associated with tongue piercing using the MEDLINE database as well as the German literature.

Review Results

The literature contains numerous case reports, a limited number of studies, and a review describing a wide variety of complications, especially in patients who have undergone tongue piercing. In the majority of cases, the piercing of the tongue is performed in the midline. Piercings are made of different materials, usually metal or synthetic materials. Complications during piercing, immediately following piercing, as well as long term were found.

Conclusions

The three cases presented here demonstrate some of those adverse effects. The most commonly described oral complication is the damage of teeth and the periodontium caused by tongue piercings. Tongue piercing is a personal decision, but it is important that patients are fully aware of possible oral health hazards.

Clinical Significance

Patients need better information on the potential complications associated with tongue piercing. Dental practitioners should educate patients about potential side effects and possible oral, dental, and systemic complications.

Citation

Ziebolz D, Stuehmer C, van Nüss K, Hornecke E, Mausberg RF. Complications of Tongue Piercing: A Review of the Literature and Three Case Reports. J Contemp Dent Pract [Internet]. 2009 Nov: 10(6):065-071. Available from: http://www.thejcdp.com/journal/view/ volume10-issue6-ziebolz.
Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial of Posterior Composite Restorations with and without Bevel: 6-Month Follow-up
Authors: Coelho-de-Souza Fabio Herrmann , Klein-Júnior Celso Afonso , Camargo Junara Cristina , Beskow Tiago , Balestrin Matheus Dalmolin , Demarco Flávio Fernando
Published: July 2019

Aim

This double-blind randomized clinical trial compared the performance of posterior composite restorations with and without bevel.

Methods and Materials

Thirteen volunteers requiring at least two posterior Class II restorations were selected. Twenty-nine cavity preparations were performed, comprising 14 without bevel (butt joint) and 15 with marginal beveling. All cavities were restored with a simplified adhesive system (Adper Single Bond, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA) and composite resin (Filtek P60, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA). A halogen light-curing unit (XL 3000, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA) was used throughout the study. Restorations were polished immediately. Analysis was carried out at baseline and after six months by a calibrated evaluator (kappa), according to FDI criteria.

Results

The results were statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (p<0.05). Beveled and nonbeveled restorations performed similarly after six months in relation to fractures and retention, marginal adaptation, postoperative hypersensitivity, recurrence of caries, surface luster, and anatomic form. However, for surface and marginal staining, beveled restorations showed significantly better performance than butt joint restorations (p<0.05).

Conclusion

Restorations performed were acceptable after six months, but beveled restorations showed less marginal staining than nonbeveled restorations.

Clinical Significance

Bevel used in posterior composite restorations decreased the surface and marginal staining, in six-month evaluations.

Citation

Coelho-de-Souza FH, Klein-Júnior CA, Camargo JC, Beskow T, Balestrin MD, Demarco FF. Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial of Posterior Composite Restorations with and without Bevel: 6-Month Follow-up. J Contemp Dent Pract [Internet]. 2010 March; 11(2):001-008. Available from: http://www.thejcdp.com/journal/view/ volume11-issue2-souza.
Evaluation of Periodontal Status in Subjects with Hyperlipidemia
Authors: Awartani Fatin , Atassi Farhed
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the periodontal status in subjects with hyperlipidemia and to determine whether there is any association between hyperlipidemia and periodontal disease.

Methods and Materials

Sixty female patients were enrolled in the study; group one is hyperlipidemic patients (30 subjects) and group 2 is systemically fit patients within the same age group (control; 30 subjects). In both groups body mass index (BMI) and clinical parameters were measured; plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), pocket depth (PPD) as well as clinical attachment level (CAL) and biochemical parameters, including plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, were evaluated.

Results

The mean values of BMI, PPD, CAL, PI (%), and BOP (%) for the hyperlipidemia group were significantly higher than those for the control group. Total cholesterol and LDL-C levels were significantly and positively associated with CAL. Plasma triglyceride level was significantly associated with PPD and CAL.

Conclusions

The results of our study showed that female patients with hyperlipidemia had higher values of periodontal parameters compared to control individuals. However, in the future studies with larger sample sizes in mixed gender populations are needed to determine the association between hyperlipidemia and periodontal disease.

Clinical Significance

The results of our study showed that female patients with hyperlipidemia might manifest clinically higher values of periodontal parameters compared to nonlipdemic individuals. However, due to the small sample size of this study the exact association between hyperlipidemia and periodontal disease is still uncertain. Care has to be taken with a hyperlipidemia patients and advice can be given to them for periodic periodontal checkup.

Citation

Awartani F, Atassi F. Evaluation of Periodontal Status in Subjects with Hyperlipidemia. J Contemp Dent Pract [Internet]. 2010 March; 11(2):033-040. Available from: http:// www.thejcdp.com/journal/view/volume11-issue2- awartani.
Endodontic Treatment of a Mandibular Second Premolar with Three Root Canals
Authors: Aguiar Carlos , Mendes Daniela , Câmara Andréa , Figueiredo Jose
Published: July 2019

Aim

The purpose of this case report is to describe a nonsurgical endodontic treatment of a mandibular left second premolar with two separate roots and three distinct root canals.

Background

In endodontics, the possible existence of extra canals must be considered before endodontic treatment is instituted. A wide morphological variation of the root canal system is known to exist.

Case Description

A 36-year-old male patient was referred for endodontic treatment on the left mandibular second premolar. Radiographic examination of the involved tooth revealed an unusual, complex root canal anato my. There was an irregular root morphology consisting of two distinct roots and three canals.

This case report describes the successful nonsurgical endodontic treatment of a mandibular left second premolar with two separate roots and three distinct root canals filled using size 35 Thermafil guttapercha carriers and AH Plus sealer. On the one-year follow-up radiograph, the tooth was asymptomatic, confirming adequate healing with no complications.

Clinical Significance

Even in a tooth with an extremely complex root canal morphology, conventional endodontic treatment without surgical intervention can result in adequate healing without any complications.

Citation

Aguiar C, Mendes D, Câmara A, Figueiredo J. Endodontic Treatment of a Mandibular Second Premolar with Three Root Canals. J Contemp Dent Pract [Internet]. 2010 March; 11(2):078-084. Available from: http://www.thejcdp. com/journal/view/volume11-issue2-aguiar.
The Prevalence and Risks of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) in Toronto, Canada
Authors: Al-Jewair Thikriat , Leake James L.
Published: July 2019

Aim

To determine the prevalence and risks of early childhood caries (ECC) among children less than 71 months of age in Toronto, Canada, and to evaluate the association between parental/ caregiver depression and ECC.

Methods and Materials

A secondary analysis of data previously collected by the Toronto Public Health as part of the 2003 Toronto Perinatal and Child Health Survey was performed. The 90-item survey was conducted over the telephone to 1,000 families with children from zero years (birth) to six years of age. Parents/caregivers were asked about factors related to the development and health of their children. For this study, only children younger than six years of age (less than 71 months) were included (n=833). The primary outcome of interest was self-reported and measured by the response to the question of whether a physician/dentist had ever told the parent/caregiver his/her child had ECC.

Results

The prevalence of ECC was 4.7 percent (37 of 791 children). The child's age, his/her history of dental visits, teeth brushing, the use of fluoridated toothpaste, the parent's/caregiver's depressive tendencies, the language spoken at home, and the household annual income were all significant in the bivariate analysis. Multiple logistic regression identified four factors associated with ECC: the child's age (being three years of age or older), having at least one parent/ caregiver with depression, not speaking English at home, and having an annual household income less than $40,000 in Canadian dollars (CAD).

Conclusion

While a child's age, home language, and household income are known risks for ECC, the finding that parental/caregiver depression may be related to ECC is new.

Clinical Significance

Multiple risk factors are involved in the development of early childhood caries. Of particular importance are demographic (e.g., child's age), social (e.g., annual household income), and psychosocial factors (e.g., parental/ caregiver depression) that are indirectly linked to ECC. More attention needs to be placed on understanding the role and process by which these factors influence the development of ECC.

Citation

Al-Jewair TS, Leake JL. The Prevalence and Risks of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) in Toronto, Canada. J Contemp Dent Pract [Internet]. 2010 October; 11(5):001-008. Available from: http://www.thejcdp.com/journal/view/ volume11-issue5-al-jewair
Clinical Evaluation of Bonded Amalgam Restorations in Endodontically Treated Premolar Teeth: A One-Year Evaluation
Authors: Moosavi Horieh , Ahrari Farzaneh , Nojoomian Mahsima
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this clinical study was to compare the fracture resistance, marginal adaptation, and rate of recurrent caries of bonded and nonbonded amalgam restorations in endodontically treated premolar teeth.

Methods and Materials

A total of 36 patients with endodontically treated maxillary first or second premolars were selected and divided into three groups. The treatments in all groups consisted of lingual cusp coverage and cementation of a prefabricated intracanal post (No. 2 long, Dentatus USA, New York, NY, USA). One type of cavity liner was used for each group as follows: copal varnish (Group A), Amalgambond Plus (Group B), and Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (Group C). The teeth were then restored with Cinalux high-copper spherical amalgam (Cinalux, Sh. Dr Faghihi Dental Co., Tehran, Iran). After one year, fracture resistance, marginal adaptation, and secondary caries were evaluated. Fischer's exact test was used for statistical analysis using a 0.05 percent significance level.

Results

There was no significant difference among groups with respect to fracture resistance (p=0.49). However, significant differences in marginal adaptation existed among the three groups (p=0.02) and no recurrent caries were found in any of the restored teeth.

Conclusion

Bonding amalgam restorations using Amalgambond Plus and Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus did not improve the fracture resistance or affect the resistance to secondary caries in endodontically treated premolar teeth. However, the teeth in both these bonded groups showed significant improvement in marginal adaptation compared with restorations placed with copal varnish (p=0.02).

Clinical Significance

Amalgambond Plus or Scotchbond Multi-Purpose adhesive resins significantly improved marginal adaptation of amalgam compared with copal varnish, but did not enhance fracture resistance or affect the prevention of secondary caries.

Citation

Ahrari F, Nojoomian M, Moosavi H. Clinical Evaluation of Bonded Amalgam Restorations in Endodontically Treated Premolar Teeth: A One-Year Evaluation. J Contemp Dent Pract [Internet]. 2010 October; 11(5):009-016. Available from: http://www.thejcdp.com/journal/ view/volume11-issue5-moosavi
Evaluation of Surface Roughness of Microhybrid and Nanofilled Composites after pH-Cycling and Simulated Toothbrushing
Authors: Tonholo Josealdo , Penteado Roberta Alves Pinto Moura , Júnior José Ginaldo , de Andrade Silva Milton Fernando , da Silva Queiroz Celso , Cavalli Vanessa , Rego Marcos Augusto do , Liporoni Priscila Christiane Suzy
Published: July 2019

Aim

This study evaluated the surface roughness patterns of two resin-based composite restorative materials, a microhybrid (Filtek Z250, 3M ESPE) and a nanofilled (Filtek Supreme, 3M ESPE), subjected to a regimen that simulated dynamic pH-cycling and toothbrushing.

Methods and Materials

Twelve standardized cylindrical specimens of each resin-based composite material were prepared, finished, and mechanically polished. The experimental units were submitted to a pH-cycling regimen followed by 50,000 toothbrushing cycles, after which the surface roughness was measured using an atomic force microscope (AFM). AFM surface roughness was evaluated at three intervals: (1) immediately after specimen preparation (baseline), (2) after pH-cycling, and (3) after simulated toothbrushing. The results were then analyzed using a split-plot design and followed by linear regression and a Tukey's test at a significance level of p<0.05.

Results

The results obtained indicated that simulated toothbrushing provoked a remarkable increase in surface roughness for both types of composite resins tested (p=0.0031). However, pH-cycling did not alter the surface of the composite under the conditions of this experiment.

Conclusions

Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that simulated toothbrushing was capable of increasing the surface roughness of the microhybrid (Filtek Z250) and the nanofilled (Filtek Supreme) composites tested.

Clinical Significance

Surface roughness of nanofilled and microhybrid composites is significantly increased after toothbrushing, although pH-cycling, as tested in this study, does not appear to affect the morphology of either composite material.

Citation

Penteado RAPM, Tonholo J, Ginaldo Júnior J, Silva MFA, Queiroz CS, Cavalli V, Rego MA, Liporoni PCS. Evaluation of Surface Roughness of Microhybrid and Nanofilled Composites after pH-Cycling and Simulated Toothbrushing. J Contemp Dent Pract [Internet]. 2010 December; 11(6):017-024. Available from: http://www.thejcdp.com/journal/view/volume11- issue6-liporoni
A Comparison of the Accuracy of Digital and Conventional Radiography in the Diagnosis of Recurrent Caries
Authors: Anbiaee Najmeh , Mohassel Anousheh Rashed , Imanimoghaddam Mahrokh , Moazzami Seyed Mostafa
Published: July 2019

Aim

The purpose of this laboratory research was to compare the accuracy of digital and conventional bitewing radiographs in the diagnosis of recurrent caries under class II amalgam restorations.

Methods and Materials

This study involved 82 posterior intact teeth in which class II amalgam boxes were prepared. Carious lesions were simulated in half of the proximal boxes in the intersection between the facial or lingual wall and the gingival floor or midway between the facial and lingual walls. The other half of each tooth specimen served as a control. The prepared boxes were then restored with a Tytin FC (Kerr, USA) amalgam. The teeth were radiographed in the bucco-lingual direction to obtain images comparable to bitewing. Digital radiographs made with an intraoral CCD sensor and conventional radiography with dental E film were used. Three expert observers evaluated both types of images for the diagnosis of recurrent caries.

Results

Sensitivity and specificity values for direct digital radiography were 73 and 95 percent at the buccal and lingual line angles, respectively, and 29 and 90 percent at the mid-gingival floor, respectively. These corresponding values for conventional radiography were respectively 63 and 93 percent at the buccal line angle, 61 and 93 percent at the lingual line angle, and 44 and 95 percent at the mid-gingival floor. The total sensitivity and specificity values were 58 and 93 percent for digital radiography and 56 and 93 percent for conventional radiography. The overall accuracy was 76 percent for digital and 75 percent for conventional radiography. No significant difference in specificity or sensitivity was found between the digital and conventional radiography (p=0.104). Separately, no significant difference was seen between the buccal line angle and the mid-gingival floor, but a significant difference was seen between the two methods in the lingual line angle (p=0.004).

Conclusion

The digital and conventional bitewing radiographs had similar diagnostic accuracy for the diagnosis of recurrent caries. Lesions located at the buccal or lingual line angle were more easily detected than those at the mid-gingival region.

Clinical Significance

Although there was no significant difference between digital and conventional radiography in the diagnosis of recurrent caries, digital radiography requires less ionizing radiation, making this method of imaging suggested for routine dental practice.

Citation

Anbiaee N, Rashed A, Imanimoghaddam M, Moazzami SM. A Comparison of the Accuracy of Digital and Conventional Radiography in the Diagnosis of Recurrent Caries. J Contemp Dent Pract [Internet]. 2010 December; 11(6):025-032. Available from: http://www.thejcdp.com/journal/ view/volume11-issue6-anbiaee
Back & Neck Problems Among Dentists and Dental Auxiliaries
Authors: Almas Khalid , Al Wazzan Khalid A. , Al Shethri Salah E. , Al Qahtani Mohammed Q.
Published: July 2019

In the practice of dentistry, stress, tension, and postural practices can contribute to back and neck problems. Two hundred and four dentists and dental auxiliary (87 males and 117 females) in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia were surveyed to determine the prevalence of postural problems. The candidates were interviewed and observed during practice. The data obtained showed that 111 (54.4%) of the subjects complained of neck pain and 150 (73.5%) complained of back pain. Only 37% of those complaining of back pain sought medical help. Within the limitations of this study, it might be concluded that neck and back pain among dental personnel are not of a severe nature.

Citation

Al Wassan KA, Almas K, Al Shethri SE, et. al. Back & Neck Problems Among Dentists and Dental Auxiliaries. J Contemp Dent Pract 2001;(2)3: 017-030
A Large Glandular Ordontogenic Cyst of the Mandible: Report of Case
Authors: Güngörmüş Metin , Ertaş Ümit , Büyükkurt M. Cemil , Kaya Ömer
Published: July 2019

Glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is generally considered uncommon, but several investigators claim there is a more frequent occurrence than previously thought. However these case reports lacked confirming data to validate their claim. On the other hand, it is possible that cases of central mucepidermoid carcinoma or later periodontal cyst might be viewed as glandular odontogenic cyst. This is a report of a case of a 70-year old male who presented with a firm swelling in the right side of his edentulous mandible. Radiographic examination revealed a multilocular radiolucent lesion in the mandible extending from the right first premolar to the left second premolar and reaching the inferior mandible. Clinical findings, the health history, and microscopic examination of excised tissue confirmed the diagnosis of GOC. The lesion was excised and post-operative healing was uneventful.

Citation

Ertas Ü, Büyükkurt MC, Güngörmüs M, et.al. A Large Glandular Odontogenic Cyst of the Mandible: Report of Case. J Contemp Dent Pract 2003 February;(4)1:053-058.
Assessment for Personal and Professional Success
Authors: Schwartz Steven
Published: July 2019

This article provides two assessment strategies to help dental professionals determine how close they are to achieving total success in their personal life and dental practice. Total success is defined as achieving and balancing success in three categories: physical health, financial health, and emotional health. By rating answers to questions on a scale from 1 to 5, the reader can determine the level of success they have attained in the various areas of their personal life and in their dental practice. This information may be useful in identifying those areas that need improvement to achieve total and balanced success. Interpretation of the scores and strategies to develop those areas requiring improvement are discussed.

Citation

Schwartz S. Assessments for Personal and Professional Success. J Contemp Dent Pract 2003 May;(4)2:080-086.
The Evolving Imapact of Aging America on Dental Practice
Authors: Shay Kenneth
Published: July 2019

American dentistry has recognized for a quarter century that the growth in the proportion of elderly in the population is impacting on the profession. Multiple articles in the professional literature have speculated on the ways in which this change will be manifested. Data and projections from earlier articles are revisited and five trends are offered to guide professionals as they position their practices for the coming years. The increase in number and proportion of elderly in dental practices stems from successes in preventing and controlling infectious diseases during the last century. The trend has not peaked but will continue for at least two more decades. Retention of teeth into advanced age has resulted from emerging and improved preventive and restorative dental advances directed at children and adults beginning mid-century, and dental utilization studies confirm the elderly are seeking dental care at an unprecedented and growing rate. Chronic disease and infirmity that accompany advanced age make dental care more challenging for this group. Dentists and their staff will need to continuously undertake educational opportunities that will foster and maintain their facility in providing care to the elderly. They will need to do this because Americans of advanced age are becoming the dominant age group seeking, and able to pay for, sophisticated dental services. The blend of those services is shifting away from removable prostheses to a rising demand for restorative, periodontic, and endodontic care. Root caries, in particular, will be a growing challenge to both providers and patients. There is mounting evidence oral disease impacts endocrine, cardiovascular, and pulmonary health, particularly in frail elders, and will likely provide many elderly additional stimuli to seek dental care. Providers who seek an alternative approach for delivering their services will find growing demand for and satisfaction with traveling to patients, rather than the other way around.

Citation

Shay K. The Evolving Impact of Aging America on Dental Practice. J Contemp Dent Pract 2004 November;(5)4:101-110.
The Comparison of Various Oral Hygiene Strategies in Neuromusculary Disabled Individuals
Authors: Yeşim Bozkurt Fatma , Fentoğlu Özlem , Yetkin Zuhal
Published: July 2019

Background

This study aims to investigate the effect of various oral hygiene strategies on the symptoms of inflammation in neuromuscularly disabled patients and to define the optimum hygiene method.

Methods

Fifty-nine neuromuscularly disabled participants, suffering from cerebral palsy, were randomly divided into five groups as follows: Group M: manual toothbrush (n=14), Group E: electrically powered toothbrush (n=9), Group MC: manual toothbrush and chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) spray (n=13), Group EC: electrically powered toothbrush and CHX spray (n=9), and Group C: CHX spray (n=14). The oral hygiene applications were provided by the parents and staff. At baseline and after 21 days the plaque index (PI), the gingival index (GI), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded.

Results

In intra-group comparisons of the pre- and post-application scores, in all groups the PI and GI scores and BOP percentages, except in Group C, were found significantly different (p<0.05). There were significant differences among the post-application scores, between Group M and Group E and between Group C and Group E in PI scores; between Group C and Group E the difference in GI scores were found statistically significant (p<0.05).

Conclusions

Although all oral hygiene strategies reduced plaque and gingival inflammation, the results of our study suggested the electrically powered toothbrush could be more recommendable to neuromuscularly disabled people in these strategies, while the combined procedures appeared to be neither beneficial nor favorable.

Citation

Bozkurt FY, Fentoğlu Ö, Yetkin Z. The Comparison of Various Oral Hygiene Strategies in Neuromuscularly Disabled Individuals. J Contemp Dent Pract 2004 November;(5)4:023-031.