bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tracking the green invaders: advances in imaging virus infection in plants
Authors: Tilsner Jens , Oparka Karl J.
Published: July 2010

Bioimaging contributes significantly to our understanding of plant virus infections. In the present review, we describe technical advances that enable imaging of the infection process at previously unobtainable levels. We highlight how such new advances in subcellular imaging are contributing to a detailed dissection of all stages of the viral infection process. Specifically, we focus on: (i) the increasingly detailed localizations of viral proteins enabled by a diversifying palette of cellular markers; (ii) approaches using fluorescence microscopy for the functional analysis of proteins in vivo; (iii) the imaging of viral RNAs; (iv) methods that bridge the gap between optical and electron microscopy; and (v) methods that are blurring the distinction between imaging and structural biology. We describe the advantages and disadvantages of such techniques and place them in the broader perspective of their utility in analysing plant virus infection.
Axicon based conical resonators with high power copper vapor laser
Authors: Singh Bijendra , Subramaniam V. V. , Daultabad S. R. , Chakraborty Ashim
Published: July 2010

We report for the first time the performance of axicon based conical resonators (ABCRs) in a copper vapor laser, with novel results. The unstable conical resonator comprising of conical mirror (reflecting axicon) with axicon angle ∼π/18, cone angle ∼160°, and a convex mirror of 60 cm radius of curvature was effective in reducing the average beam divergence to ∼0.15 mrad (∼25 fold reduction compared to standard multimode plane-plane cavity) with output power of ∼31 W. Extraction efficiency of ∼50%–60% and beam divergence of <1 mrad was achieved in other stable ABCR configurations using flat and concave mirrors with the axicon. This is a significant improvement compared to 4–5 mrad normally observed in conventional stable resonators in copper vapor lasers. The conical resonators with copper vapor laser provide high misalignment tolerance β∼4–5 mrad where β is the tilt angle of the conical mirror from optimum position responsible for ∼20% decline in laser power. The depth of focus d was ∼three times larger in case of conical resonator as compared to that of standard spherical unstable resonator under similar beam divergence and focusing conditions.
Ni-catalyzed growth of silicon wire arrays for a Schottky diode
Authors: Jee Sang-Won , Kim Joondong , Jung Jin-Young , Um Han-Don , Moiz Syed Abdul , Yoo Bongyoung , Cho Hyung Koun , Park Yun Chang , Lee Jung-Ho
Published: July 2010

Vertically grown Si wire arrays were fabricated on a large scale by the Ni-catalyzed vapor-liquid-solid method. A single Si wire has a length of several tens of micrometers with a pure Si stem and a NiSi2 tip. The NiSi2 tip was spontaneously formed on a Si wire due to a slight lattice mismatch relative to Si. Further, this system provides a Schottky contact having a rectifying ratio of ∼102 with a low leakage current of about 2.88×10−10 A. The growth mechanism of vertical Si wires and the performance of a Schottky diode are discussed.
Effects of host and pathogen genotypes on inducibility of resistance in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) to Phytophthora infestans
Authors: Sharma K. , Butz A. F. , Finckh M. R.
Published: July 2010

Thirteen tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) accessions were tested for inducibility of resistance against two isolates of Phytophthora infestans using BABA (dl‐3‐amino butyric acid) as the inducing agent. In a more detailed trial, six of the accessions were assessed for inducibility of resistance to six P. infestans isolates on three leaves of different age per plant. Plants were inoculated 1 week after treatment with BABA. Area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), sporulation capacity (SC) and infection efficiency (IE) were all affected by treatment with BABA. On leaves of all ages AUDPC was most affected by induction (43–100% reduction on the youngest leaves) followed by SC (14–100%) and IE (0–100% reduction). Tomato genotypes varied significantly in inducibility of resistance against P. infestans and the degree of induction generally decreased with increasing leaf age, whilst the absolute susceptibility with respect to AUDPC and SC rarely changed. The level of induction was not always related to the resistance level of the tomato accession and it was significantly influenced by the pathogen isolate used for challenge inoculation. The results show that inducibility of resistance is a selectable trait that is, however, isolate‐specific.
Antifungal activity of tri‐ and tetra‐thioureido amino derivatives against different Candida species
Authors: Oliveira S. R. , Nogueira L. J. , Donnici C. L. , Magalhães T. F. F. , Martins C. V. B. , Montanari C. A. , Resende M. A.
Published: July 2010

The in vitro antifungal activity of six thioureido substituted amines (P1–P6) was evaluated against Candida species, including Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei and C. parapsilosis. These tri‐ and tetra‐thioureido amino derivatives with different methylation levels were synthesised through easy synthetic routes to evaluate their antifungal properties against Candida species. Among all studied derivatives, the tri‐(2‐thioureido‐ethyl)‐amine (P1) was the most active compound inhibiting C. albicans and C. glabrata at a concentration of 0.49 μg ml−1; P3, the N,N′,N′′,N′′′‐hexamethyl‐derivative, also showed inhibitory activity against C. albicans and C. glabrata, but in higher concentrations (250 μg ml−1). The N,N′,N′′,N′′′‐tetramethylated amine (P5) only inhibited the growth of C. glabrata, but its corresponding N,N′,N′′,N′′′‐octamethyl derivative (P6) was also active against C. glabrata (125 μg ml−1) and it was the only compound active against C. parapsilosis. P2 and P4 showed no significant antifungal activity. The structure–activity relationship of the thioureido‐substituted derivatives indicates that the molecular branching and the alkylation levels can influence the antifungal activity. This study demonstrated that thioureido derivatives exhibited significant antifungal activity against Candida species and that they can be considered as a very promising bioactive lead compound to develop novel antifungal agents.
Lignocaine gel in minimally invasive surgery – A pilot cohort study
Authors: BEG Natasha , VANCAILLIE Thierry , HEWITT Alan , EGGERMONT Julie , ARMSTRONG Georgina
Published: July 2010

Background:  The administration of local anaesthetic at the conclusion of minimally invasive procedures has been shown to reduce postoperative pain. However, it is often not feasible to reach target surgical sites using a needle, making it difficult to administer injectable local anaesthetic. Formulations currently available for topical use are also not sterile, adhere poorly, and are not adjusted to neutral pH at the time of use. To address these limitations, a new sterile, aqueous 4.8% lignocaine gel was formulated for topical application on surgical wounds.

Aims:  To determine the clinical feasibility, safety and tolerability of the topical lignocaine gel.

Methods:  A total of 125 female patients underwent minimally invasive gynaecological procedures. The lignocaine gel was applied to any intra‐abdominal, intra‐uterine or intra‐vaginal surgical wounds. The incidence of any intra‐ or postoperative complications was determined via retrospective review of surgical reports, hospital files and outpatient clinic files.

Results:  In all cases, the surgeon was able to apply the gel successfully to the desired site. There were no intra‐operative complications. There were no adverse events encountered during recovery or hospitalisation which are likely to be associated with the lignocaine gel. Eight patients experienced adverse events during the postoperative period which could be linked to the use of the gel. However, the incidence of these was within the known range of adverse events for these procedures.

Conclusions:  A sterile lignocaine gel can be safely used in minimally invasive surgery.
Amniotic fluid lamellar body concentration as a marker of fetal lung maturity at term elective caesarean delivery
Authors: WALKER Susan P. , CHOW Yvonne Y. C. , UGONI Antoni M. , HOLBERTON James R. , SMITH Carole L. , PERMEZEL Michael J.
Published: July 2010

Background:  Caesarean birth, without prior labour, is associated with an increased risk of neonatal respiratory morbidity among term infants. The concentration of lamellar bodies in amniotic fluid reflects pulmonary surfactant production and release, and is thus used in preterm populations as a marker of fetal lung maturity. Whether amniotic fluid lamellar body concentration (AFLBC) may correlate with risk factors for term respiratory distress has not previously been evaluated.

Aims:  To determine the relationship between AFLBC and risk factors for respiratory distress following term caesarean birth.

Methods:  The AFLBC of 249 women at the time of term caesarean birth was examined for an association with gestational age, gender, presentation and neonatal respiratory distress requiring special care nursery (SCN) admission.

Results:  There was a significant increase in AFLBC with gestation. When compared with caesarean deliveries performed during the 37th week of gestation, there was a 50%, 54% and 56% increase in lamellar body concentrations (LBCs) taken during the 38th, 39th and 40th week of gestation respectively (P < 0.05 for all). Female fetuses had a 16% higher LBC than males (P < 0.05). An LBC <100 × 109 mL−1 was associated with increased risk of admission to the SCN with respiratory distress (RR = 5.6; 1.2–26.5, P < 0.05).

Conclusion:  Known risk factors for term respiratory distress are reflected in the AFLBC. A significant relationship exists between AFLBC and respiratory morbidity following term caesarean birth. However, the low prevalence of this condition limits the clinical role of AFLBC as a predictive test for term respiratory morbidity.
Recovery of Environmental Human DNA by Insects*,†
Authors: Kester Karen M. , Toothman Mary H. , Brown Bonnie L. , Scott Street W. , Cruz Tracey D.
Published: July 2010

Abstract:  We tested the hypotheses that foraging insects can acquire human DNA from the environment and that insect‐delivered human DNA is of sufficient quantity and quality to permit standard forensic analyses. Houseflies, German cockroaches, and camel crickets were exposed to dusty surfaces and then assayed for human mitochondrial and nuclear loci by conventional and qPCR, and multiplex STR amplification. Over two experiments, 100% of insect groups and 94% of dust controls tested positive for human DNA. Of 177 individuals, 33–67% tested positive and 13 yielded quantifiable human DNA (mean = 0.022 ± 0.006 ng; mean dust control = 2.448 ± 0.960 ng); four had at least one positive allele call for one or more locus; eight others showed multiple peaks at some loci. Results imply that application to routine forensic casework is limited given current detection methodology yet demonstrate the potential use of insects as environmental samplers for human DNA.
Human gingiva is another site of C‐reactive protein formation
Authors: Lu Qian , Jin Lijian
Published: July 2010

Lu Q, Jin L. Human gingiva is another site of C‐reactive protein formation. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 789–796. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2010.01600.x.

Objectives: C‐reactive protein (CRP) is primarily synthesized in the liver. It is hypothesized that human gingiva per se may produce CRP and its expression could be associated with IL‐6. This study elucidated the CRP expression profile in human gingiva and its possible association with IL‐6.

Materials and Methods: Ninety‐four gingival biopsies were collected from 44 subjects with chronic periodontitis and 18 periodontally healthy subjects. CRP protein was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting, while CRP and IL‐6 mRNAs were examined by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and real‐time PCR. CRP protein expression in the reconstituted human gingival epithelia (RHGE) was examined by the particle‐enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay and Western blotting.

Results: CRP protein was detected in gingival tissues from patients and healthy subjects by immunohistochemistry and confirmed by Western blotting. Its expression pattern and level at 16 pairs of periodontal pocket tissues and the adjacent clinically healthy tissues from 16 patients were significantly interrelated (rs=0.693, p<0.01). CRP mRNA expression was strongly correlated with IL‐6 (r=0.694, p<0.001). Both CRP protein and mRNA were detected in the RHGE.

Conclusions: The present study shows for the first time that human gingiva is able to produce CRP in situ that may be associated with IL‐6 activity.
Efficient differentiation of newly derived human embryonic stem cells from discarded blastocysts into hepatocyte‐like cells
Authors: LU Hong , WANG Zheng , ZHENG Qing , LI Jin Hui , CHONG Xiao Qian , XIAO Shu Dong
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVE:  To establish an optimal method to isolate and culture human embryonic stem (hES) cells from discarded blastocysts and to differentiate these cells into hepatocyte‐like cells.

METHODS:  Discarded human blastocysts of days 5–6 were cultured on mouse embryonic fibroblast cell feeder layers. Cells from the inner cell mass were isolated and subsequently cultured in vitro. To induce the formation of embryoid bodies (EB), dissociated ES cells were cultured in hanging drops for 5 days. The resulting EB were plated onto 100 mm plastic gelatin‐coated dishes and allowed to attach for the outgrowth culture in the presence of hepatocyte growth factor for an additional 15 days.

RESULTS:  The hES cells had typical morphological characteristics: round or elliptic nest‐like colonies with distinct cell borders and a smooth surface, significant swelling growth, compact cell aggregation, and relatively big nucleus compared to a small cytoplasm. The hES cells were identified by positive alkaline phosphatase staining. All had normal karyotypes and expressed octamer‐binding transcription factor and cell surface markers, including stage‐specific embryonic antigens SSEA‐3, SSEA‐4, and tumor rejection antigens TRA‐1‐60 and TRA‐1‐81. The cells could be differentiated to form teratomas in vivo. The hES cells could be induced to differentiate into hepatocyte‐like cells and 70–80% of the cells expressed liver‐associated proteins.

CONCLUSION:  Three hES cell lines have been successfully isolated and cultured from discarded human blastocysts. The hES cells can be efficiently differentiated into hepatocyte‐like cells using the EB system. These cells possess the potential for treatment of liver diseases.
In situ investigation of CuPc thin films grown on vicinal Si(111)
Authors: Ding L. , Friedrich M. , Gordan O. D. , Zahn D. R. T.
Published: July 2010

In order to characterize the growth process of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) thin films on vicinal Si(111) substrates, in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and reflection anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS) were combined. The analysis of the in situ SE data implies a structural change occurring with increasing film thickness during growth. The ex situ SE data are fitted using a uniaxial model, and different out-of-plane molecular orientations are found: lying molecules on Si(111)-6° and standing molecules on Si(111)-0.35°. The average tilt angles of molecules relative to the substrate surface are calculated to be 41.5°±1.0° and 81.1°±3.5°, respectively. The in situ RAS spectra show that the optical anisotropy of CuPc/Si(111)-6° is induced by the substrate anisotropy, and the strength of the RAS signal of CuPc films is proportional to the film thickness.
Collection, storage and use of blood samples for future research: views of Egyptian patients expressed in a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Abou-Zeid Alaa , Silverman Henry , Shehata Magdi , Shams Mohamed , Elshabrawy Mervat , Hifnawy Tamer , Rahman Safa Abdel , Galal Bahiga , Sleem Hany , Mikhail Nabiel , Moharram Nadia
Published: July 2010

Objective

To determine the attitudes of Egyptian patients regarding their participation in research and with the collection, storage and future use of blood samples for research purposes.

Design

Cross-sectional survey.

Study population

Adult Egyptian patients (n=600) at rural and urban hospitals and clinics.

Results

Less than half of the study population (44.3%) felt that informed consent forms should provide research participants the option to have their blood samples stored for future research. Of these participants, 39.9% thought that consent forms should include the option that future research be restricted to the illness being studied. A slight majority (66.2%) would donate their samples for future genetic research. Respondents were more favourable towards having their blood samples exported to other Arab countries (62.0%) compared with countries in Europe (41.8%, p<0.001) and to the USA (37.2%, p<0.001).

Conclusions

This study shows that many individuals do not favour the donation of a blood sample for future research. Of those who do approve of such future research, many favour a consent model that includes an option restricting the future research to the illness being studied. Also, many Egyptians were hesitant to have their blood samples donated for genetic research or exported out of the Arab region to the USA and European countries. Further qualitative research should be performed to determine the underlying reasons for many of our results.
Development of a Novel Tumor-Targeted Vascular Disrupting Agent Activated by Membrane-Type Matrix Metalloproteinases
Authors: Atkinson Jennifer M. , Falconer Robert A. , Edwards Dylan R. , Pennington Caroline J. , Siller Catherine S. , Shnyder Steven D. , Bibby Michael C. , Patterson Laurence H. , Loadman Paul M. , Gill Jason H.
Published: July 2010

Vascular disrupting agents (VDA) offer a strategy to starve solid tumors of nutrients and oxygen concomitant with tumor shrinkage. Several VDAs have progressed into early clinical trials, but their therapeutic value seems to be compromised by systemic toxicity. In this report, we describe the design and characterization of a novel VDA, ICT2588, that is nontoxic until activated specifically in the tumor by membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP). HT1080 cancer cells expressing MT1-MMP were selectively chemosensitive to ICT2588, whereas MCF7 cells that did not express MT1-MMP were nonresponsive. Preferential hydrolysis of ICT2588 to its active metabolite (ICT2552) was observed in tumor homogenates of HT1080 relative to MCF7 homogenates, mouse plasma, and liver homogenate. ICT2588 activation was inhibited by the MMP inhibitor ilomastat. In HT1080 tumor–bearing mice, ICT2588 administration resulted in the formation of the active metabolite, diminution of tumor vasculature, and hemorrhagic necrosis of the tumor. The antitumor activity of ICT2588 was superior to its active metabolite, exhibiting reduced toxicity, improved therapeutic index, enhanced pharmacodynamic effect, and greater efficacy. Coadministration of ICT2588 with doxorubicin resulted in a significant antitumor response (22.6 d growth delay), which was superior to the administration of ICT2588 or doxorubicin as a single agent, including complete tumor regressions. Our findings support the clinical development of ICT2588, which achieves selective VDA targeting based on MT-MMP activation in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Res; 70(17); 6902–12. ©2010 AACR.
E1^E4-mediated keratin phosphorylation and ubiquitylation: a mechanism for keratin depletion in HPV16-infected epithelium
Authors: McIntosh Pauline B. , Laskey Peter , Sullivan Kate , Davy Clare , Wang Qian , Jackson Deborah J. , Griffin Heather M. , Doorbar John
Published: July 2010

The keratin IF network of epidermal keratinocytes provides a protective barrier against mechanical insult, it is also a major player in absorbing stress in these cells. The human papilloma virus (HPV) type 16 E1^E4 protein accumulates in the upper layers of HPV16-infected epithelium and is known to associate with and reorganise the keratin IF network in cells in culture. Here, we show that this function is conserved amongst a number of HPV alpha-group E1^E4 proteins and that the differentiation-dependent keratins are also targeted. Using time-lapse microscopy, HPV16 E1^E4 was found to effect a dramatic cessation of keratin IF network dynamics by associating with both soluble and insoluble keratin. Network disruption was accompanied by keratin hyperphosphorylation at several sites, including K8 S73, which is typically phosphorylated in response to stress stimuli. Keratin immunoprecipitated from E1^E4-expressing cells was also found to be ubiquitylated, indicating that it is targeted for proteasomal degradation. Interestingly, the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated, ubiquitylated E1^E4-keratin structures was found to result in an impairment of proteasomal function. These observations shed new light on the mechanism of keratin IF network reorganisation mediated by HPV16 E1^E4 and provide an insight into the depletion of keratin co-incident with E1^E4 accumulation observed in HPV-infected epithelium.
DrosophilaCAF-1 regulates HP1-mediated epigenetic silencing and pericentric heterochromatin stability
Authors: Huang Hai , Yu Zhongsheng , Zhang Shuaiqi , Liang Xuehong , Chen Jianming , Li Changqing , Ma Jun , Jiao Renjie
Published: July 2010

Chromatin assembly factor 1 (CAF-1) was initially characterized as a histone deliverer in the process of DNA-replication-coupled chromatin assembly in eukaryotic cells. Here, we report that CAF-1 p180, the largest subunit of Drosophila CAF-1, participates in the process of heterochromatin formation and functions to maintain pericentric heterochromatin stability. We provide evidence that Drosophila CAF-1 p180 plays a role in both classes of position effect variegation (PEV) and in the expression of heterochromatic genes. A decrease in the expression of Drosophila CAF-1 p180 leads to a decrease in both H3K9 methylation at pericentric heterochromatin regions and the recruitment of heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) to the chromocenter of the polytene chromosomes. The artificial targeting of HP1 to a euchromatin location leads to the enrichment of Drosophila CAF-1 p180 at this ectopic heterochromatin, suggesting the mutual recruitment of HP1 and CAF-1 p180. We also show that the spreading of heterochromatin is compromised in flies that have reduced CAF-1 p180. Furthermore, reduced CAF-1 p180 causes a defect in the dynamics of heterochromatic markers in early Drosophila embryos. Together, these findings suggest that Drosophila CAF-1 p180 is an essential factor in the epigenetic control of heterochromatin formation and/or maintenance.
Identity at the Margins: Queer Diasporic Film and the Exploration of Same-Sex Desire in Deepa Mehta's Fire
Authors: Banerjee Bidisha
Published: July 2010

In a collection entitled Queer Globalizations, Gayatri Gopinath argues that films like Deepa Mehta's film Fire traverse a complex transnational space in their trajectory of production and consumption that necessitates a supple analysis of the discourses they generate. Following
Gopinath and using Fire as a case in point, I wish to argue that the transnational space occupied by a film like Fire is a politically complex space, composed of a right wing-influenced diasporic discourse about women and sexuality and a globalized essentializing of homosexuality
in neo-liberal India, both of which are resisted by this film. On the contrary, I argue that its treatment of women's sexuality as non-heterosexual but also not definitely lesbian offers a resistant narrative of women's bodies that could only result from the negotiation of this complex transnational
space.
Performative Bengali Masculinity: The Rhetoric of Becoming in Bengali Popular Cinema of the 1950s
Authors: Chattopadhyay Saayan
Published: July 2010

This article seeks to engage with the notion of performativity and Bengali masculinity in the popular Bengali cinema of the 1950s. I refer to the popular Bengali film Sare Chuattor/Seventy Four and a Half (1953) to consider, along the lines of Judith Butler's account of performative
identity, Bengali popular cinema's representation of Bengali middle-class masculinity in the 1950s as a complex, coercive and regulatory normative ideal that tended not only to serve culturally conservative aims, but also to constitute an exclusionary practice. Using the film as a case in
point, this article attempts to show how popular Bengali melodramas foregrounded the rhetoric of becoming that was conspicuous in the Bengali male in the immediate post-independence period. The basic argument is that if indeed there is a notion of hegemonic Bengali masculinity, then it is
always marked by a constitutive contingency a failure of complete determination that ensures its permanent instability, and, at the same time, its internal and positive condition of possibility.
India's Musical Soul: Three Book Reviews
Authors: Panjwani Narendra
Published: July 2010

Behind the Curtain Making Music in Mumbai's Film Studios, Gregory Booth (2008)
New York: Oxford University Press, (321 pp.) ISBN-13: 978-0195327649, $24.95

Hindi Film Songs and the Cinema, Anna Morcom (2008) Hampshire, UK: Ashgate Publishing
Limited, (281 pp.) ISBN: 978-0-7546-5198-7 Price $86.00/60.00

Travels of Hindi Song and Dance, Sangita Gopal and Sujata Moorti (2008) Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, (340 pp.) ISBN-13: 978-0816645794, $21.37
The crystal structure of ammonium hexaaquanickel(II) phosphate
Authors: Blachnik R. , Wiest Th. , Dülmer A. , Reuter H.
Published: July 2010

The crystal structure of ammonium hexaaquanickel(II) phosphate [Ni(H
Estudo epidemiológico de 107 focos familiares de hanseníase no município de Duque de Caxias - Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Authors: Durães Sandra Maria Barbosa , Guedes Luiza Soares , Cunha Mônica Duarte da , Magnanini Monica Maria Ferreira , Oliveira Maria Leide Wand Del Rey de
Published: July 2010

FUNDAMENTOS - Os pacientes multibacilares (MB) são a principal fonte de infecção na hanseníase e esse risco é maior nos contatos domiciliares dos pacientes MB do que nos contatos dos paucibacilares (PB) e na população em geral. Entretanto, os contatos domiciliares são os mais próximos do caso-índice (CI), em termos genéticos. OBJETIVO: Analisar dados epidemiológicos das variáveis: sexo, idade, anos de estudo, grau de parentesco com o CI e tipo de contato residencial (intradomiciliar ou peridomiciliar) com o CI em 107 famílias de hanseníase. MÉTODOS: Foram realizadas visitas domiciliares para exame clínico dos familiares. Os prontuários dos CIs e de seus coprevalentes (contatos familiares que também tiveram hanseníase) foram revistos. RESULTADOS: A análise controlada das variáveis tipo de contato e grau de parentesco revelou que o contato domiciliar e o parentesco de primeiro grau estão independentemente associados a uma probabilidade maior de adoecer. CONCLUSÃO: Os contatos domiciliares, em geral, são os mais próximos do caso, em termos genéticos, e aferir a magnitude desses riscos separadamente tem sido um desafio nos estudos de vigilância de contatos em hanseníase. Os resultados deste estudo confirmam os dados da literatura, demonstrando a influência genética no desfecho da hanseníase per se.
Moisture Deficits in Relation to the Growth and Development of Dry Beans1
Authors: Robins J. S. , Domingo C. E.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Yield reductions of about 20% under visible moisture stress were measured in Washington state. Causes were as follows: reduction in number of pods before blooming; reduction in number of pods and number of beans per pod during blooming; and reduction in bean weight during maturing process. Plant development was retarded by stress before blooming and hastened during blooming and maturing. Irrigation before visible moisture stress appeared to offer no advantage.
Range of Reactions to Wheat Streak‐mosaic Virus in Hybrids Derived from Triticum vulgare × Agropyron elongatum1
Authors: Schmidt John W. , Sill Webster H. , Fellows Hurley
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Agropyron elongatum is immune to the virus of wheat streak‐mosaic; common wheat is susceptible. Hybrids between these exhibited a diversity of reaction types not found in any other known host.
Mechanical Harvest of Corn at Different Plant Populations1
Authors: Woods David J. , Rossman E. C.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Total picker losses (gleaned ear corn and shelled corn) averaged 6.0, 6.9, 10.3, and 13.4% of the total yield for average populations of 10,300, 14,900, 18,900, and 22,900 plants per acre, respectively at 6 locations in Michigan. Within the recommended plant populations for Michigan (up to 16,000 plants per acre) there were no significant increases in either ear or shelled corn losses as population was increased. Stalk lodging increased and ear size decreased as the population increased but neither was a serious handicap to mechanical harvest. The percent of husk‐free ears after picking was not affected by plant population.
A Preliminary Study of the Effect of Low Concentrations of Phenoxytype Growth Regulators on Early Physiological Shedding in Deltapine D10, TPSA, Cotton: I. Seed Treatment with Dusts1
Authors: Johnson S. P. , Cowley W. R.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The growth regulators, 2, 4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, parachlorophenoxy, and 2‐(2, 4, 5‐trichlorophenoxy) propionic acid were applied as low concentration dusts to the seeds of Deltapine D10, TPSA, cotton. Results indicate that early physiological shedding was reduced. No loss in yield or changes in lint and seed properties was found. Parachlorophenoxyacetic acid proved to be the most effective of the three compounds.
Irregularities in Fiber Properties of Cotton in Commercial Mill Mixes1
Authors: Landstreet C. B. , Simpson D. M.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Unmixed raw stock from which 3 commercial mixes were obtained showed the following range in variability of mean fiber properties: 9 to 20% in UHM, 16 to 35% in fineness, and 19 to 24% in fiber strength. Samples from finisher drawing sliver had maximum range of only 5, 5, and 6% for UHM, fineness, and strength. More concern for mean fiber values and less for fiber irregularities is suggested in cotton breeding.
Inheritance of Three Genes for Bacterial Blight Resistance in Upland Cotton1
Authors: Green John M. , Brinkerhoff L. A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Data indicate that the resistance of Stoneville 20 is controlled by a major recessive gene, but that segregation is obscured by other genes of lesser individual effect. The gene symbol b7, is suggested for Stoneville 20 resistance. Data indicate a single dominant gene controlling resistance in 3 other blight resistant lines. Gene symbols are suggested for these.
Pre‐Planting Tillage for Weed Control in Soybeans1
Authors: Robinson R. G. , Dunham R. S.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Tillage of plowed ground before final preparation of seedbed for soybeans appeared to be ineffective as a control measure against several species of weeds.
Need of Boron Fertilization for Alfalfa in Michigan and Methods of Determining This Need1
Authors: Baker A. S. , Cook R. L.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Many Michigan soils are relatively low in B available to alfalfa during periods when surface soils are low in moisture content. The occurrence of deficiency symptoms indicates a low level of available B and a need for B fertilization. Test results of less than 20 ppm. B in the top 1 or 2 inches of alfalfa or less than 0.9 to 1.0 ppm. soil B extractable in boiling water also indicate a need for B fertilization.
Effect of Environmental Factors on Fiber Properties and Yield of Deltapine Cottons1
Authors: Hanson R. G. , Ewing E. C. , Ewing E. C.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Fiber strength of Deltapine 15 was significantly correlated with all climatic factors studied except minimum temperature for the period July 6 to Sept. 13 of the years 1945 to 1955. Fiber length was correlated significantly with maximum minus minimum temperature and rainfall for the period July 6 to August 23. Lint percentage was not highly correlated with any of the factors. The average yield of the cottons tested was negatively associated with rainfall in June. A stress‐index based on the difference between maximum and minimum temperature and rainfall is advanced.
An Analysis of Variation in Height in Sorghum1
Authors: Hadley Henry H.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

A statistical analysis of variation in plant height was made of material from the sorghum cross Double Dwarf White Sooner Milo ✕ Durra P. I. 54484. The data indicated segregation of at least four independent genes with unequal effects. Significant fixable as well as environmental variation was found. Dominance was indicated but was not complete. Results and conclusions in this study derived by the method described by Mather were in close agreement with those of Quinby and Karper who used essentially Mendelian procedures.
Cytological Study of a Triploid × Diploid Cross of Sorghum Vulgare Pers1
Authors: Price Mary Emma , Ross W. M.
Published: July 2010

Sypnosis

Chromosome pairing and meiotic configurations of a triploid plant of Sorghum vulgare and of its progeny are described. The isolation of trisomics makes future mapping of the chromosomes possible.
Association Between Nitrogen Percentage and Certain Morphological Characteristics in Barley1
Authors: Day A. D. , Dickson A. D.
Published: July 2010

Sypnosis

A study was conducted to determine if linkage associations exist in barley between nitrogen percentage and certain visible morphological characteristics of known inheritance. It was found that nitrogen percentage was associated with the 2‐row vs. Grow character. No associations were found between nitrogen percentage and the black vs. white glume character. the covered vs. naked kernel character, the blue vs. white aleurone character, or the rough vs. smooth awn character.
Nitrogen Changes in Cultivated Dryland Soils1
Authors: Hobbs J. A. , Brown Paul L.
Published: July 2010

Sypnosis

Nitrogen losses from cultivated soils were most rapid immediately after breaking the native sod. Losses gradually decreased with continued cultivation in experiments from 1916 to 1946. Row crop production caused the largest losses of nitrogen. Small grain production caused the smallest losses. Under small grains, nitrogen losses had ceased by 1938. Elsewhere losses continued through 1946. Straw and manure applications reduced nitrogen losses. Earlier and more intensive tillage caused greater losses of soil nitrogen than later and less intensive cultivation.
Wheat and Cheat1
Authors: Carter H. W. , Norton H. W. , Dungan G. H.
Published: July 2010

Sypnosis

Cheat is a troublesome weed in many fields of winter cereals in south central United States. Cheat plants, especially their roots, were found to grow slowly at first. This weed proved to be weakly competitive when grown in association with wheat in a thick stand. However, when wheat stands were thin, cheat plants tillered abundantly and produced large quantities of seed. Cheat, therefore, appears to be a plant opportunist. Even though a weak competitor, cheat was never killed outright by a thick stand of wheat, nor was it ever prevented by crop competition from developing some seed.
Variability in Phosphorus Rate and Source Experiments in Relation to Crop and Yield Levels1
Authors: Terman G. L.
Published: July 2010

Sypnosis

In 433 phosphorus rate and source experiments in 7 Southeastern states, the distributions of C.V. for corn, cotton, legume‐grass hay and small grain were similar. C.V. was negatively correlated with yield levels for all crops. Standard errors per plot were positively correlated with yield for corn and alfalfa but not significantly for cotton and wheat. There were no consistent interactions between phosphorus sources and rates.
Relative Availability to Corn of Nutrient Elements as Affected by Minor Element Sources Applied to Everglades Peat and Norfolk Loamy Fine Sand1
Authors: Fiskell John G. A. , Thompson L. G. , Winsor H. , Yuan T. L.
Published: July 2010

Sypnosis

The relative availability of Ca, Mg, K, P, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mo and B to corn was compared between two soils by ratios of the corn ear leaf composition and by ratios found for the extractable soil nutrients. The effect of added minor element sources on the ear leaf composition was studied in the field. Nutrient changes were statistically evaluated. Significant B — Ca, B — Mg, B — Mo and Zn — Mn relationships were found with the intensity dependent on the source. Minor element nutrients in the leaves were increased by adding soluble and moderately soluble sources when the available supply in the soil was low.
Moisture Equilibrium Values in Relation to Mold Formation of Seeds of Several Grass and Small‐Seeded Legumes1
Authors: Dexter S. T.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Moisture contents of many small‐seeded legumes and grasses at equilibrium with relative humidities from 55 to 85% are given, together with indications of the rate of attaining equilibrium and the rate of molding. Grass seeds reached equilibrium more quickly, molded more quickly, and absorbed a smaller amount of moisture in going from a efficiently dry to dangerously damp condition than did small legume seeds. Rapidity of molding was closely associated with rapidity of attaining equilibrium.
Grazing Trial Evaluations Using Paired Pastures with Yearling Steers1
Authors: Lynd J. Q. , Graybill F. , Totusek R.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The combined pooled variation between paired steers for all pastures during three years was 17.86 with C. V. of 12.3%. Effectiveness of the procedure is dependent upon: (1) a uniform experimental herd (2) a preliminary observation period, and (3) continuous sound stocking rate decisions throughout the grazing season.
Studies of Drouth Tolerance and Water Use of Several Southern Grasses1
Authors: Burton Glenn W. , Prine Gordon M. , Jackson James E.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Coastal and Suwannee Bermudagrasses were more drouth tolerant, more efficient in water use, and more dependable from year to year as evidenced by much lower wet‐year/dry‐year yield ratios than common Bermudagrass, Pensacola Bahiagrass, and Pangolagrass. Fertilization increased the water‐use efficiency of these five grasses. Three grasses required fewer roots to supply their nutrient needs than their water requirements. A greenhouse drouth‐tolerance test applied to six grasses was well correlated with field results.
Effect of Yellow‐Dwarf on the Yield of Oats1
Authors: Endo R. M. , Brown C. M.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Yield reduction caused by the barley yellow‐dwarf virus in three spring oat varieties and the possible role of time of infection was considered by inoculating plants at the 3‐leaf and boot stages of growth. Average infection in the non‐inoculated controls and in plants inoculated in the seedling and boot stages was 1.1, 93.8 and 15.6%, respectively. Yield reductions for the three varieties inoculated in the 3‐leaf and boot stages, respectively, were: Fayette, 92.5 and 10.1%; Clintland, 94.4 and 21.8%; and Rodney, 75.8 and 15.0%.
Breeding High Amylose Corn1
Authors: Zuber M. S. , Grogan C. O. , Deatherage W. L. , Hubbard J. E. , Schulze W. E. , MacMasters M. M.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

A new strain of high amylose was found to be nonallelic with the previously repotted ha strain. The F3 segregates of a cross between the two strains gave amylose contents ranging from 25.4 to 70.3%. Modifying factors for amylose content apparently exist in some normal dent corn lines.
Soybean‐Foxtail Competition under Varying Soil Moisture Conditions1
Authors: Staniforth David W.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Soybean yield reductions due to annual weed infestations averaged 5% when soil moisture conditions during growing seasons were either adequate for or severely limiting to plant growth. Reductions were also small when moisture was limiting in early season and adequate later. When soil moisture was adequate until late July and then severely limiting until bean maturity, yield reductions from weed competition averaged 15%.
Yield and Chemical Composition of Grasses Fertilized Heavily with Nitrogen1
Authors: Ramage Carroll H. , Eby Claude , Mather Robert E. , Purvis Ernest R.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Annual dry matter yields of orchardgrass and reed canarygrass over a 3‐year period ranged, from 2 tons per acre with 50 pounds of nitrogen to 4.5 tons per acre with 400 pounds of nitrogen. The protein percentage of the dry matter increased from 12 to 20. Recovery of the nitrogen applied in 1954 was 59.7, 73.5, 62.0, and 58.7% for rates of 50, 100, 200, and 400 pounds of nitrogen per acre, respectively.
Effects of Some Environmental Factors on Flower Production and Reproductive Efficiency in Soybeans1
Authors: van Schaik P. H. , Probst A. H.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Percent flowers and pods shedding was increased both by high temperatures and long photoperiod in Clark and Midwest soybean varieties when grown under controlled temperatures and photoperiods. Shedding was not caused by a lack of viable pollen. Under field conditions varieties Mukden, T109, Acc. 2300–2, and Midwest shed 43, 73, 62, and 81% of flowers and pods combined, respectively. From one‐third to one‐half of total shedding was in the form of pods during various stages of development. Rising temperatures appeared to increase shedding.
Rapid Tests for Free and Bound Coumarin in Sweetclover1
Authors: Gorz H. J. , Haskins F. A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Two qualitative fluorometric methods are described. The tube test, in which scoring is based upon visual comparison of the fluorescence of test solutions with the fluorescence of standards, was more reliable than the paper test. The paper test should be used primarily for rapid, initial screening of large populations.
Evaluation of Residual Nitrogen in Soils1
Authors: White W. C. , Dumenil Lloyd , Pesek John
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Effects of residual soil nitrogen on spring oats were estimated to be equivalent to quantities as large as 49% of the applications made to corn the preceding year. Nitrogen yield by oats served more satisfactorily than grain or dry matter yields for evaluating effects of residual nitrogen. Residual nitrogen estimated from linear regressions of nitrogen yield on nitrogen applied to oats appeared closely related to quantities of soil nitrate nitrogen, most of which was in the 6‐ to 21‐inch soil layer.
Pollen Behavior in the Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)1
Authors: Oakes A. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

No germination occurred below 65° or above 95° F. Growth was slow at temperatures below 75° and above 90° F. Pollen was kept successfully for several days when stored in a household refrigerator.
Irrigation of an Alfalfa‐Ladino Clover‐Bromegrass Dairy Pasture in Michigan1
Authors: Tesar Milo B. , Kidder E. H. , Ward G. M.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Alfalfa‐Ladino clover‐bromegrass dairy pastures irrigated with 3 ⅓ inches of water annually during a 3‐year period under a humid climate produced 17% more forage and 18% more milk (because of increased carrying capacity) than those not irrigated. An inch of applied water increased forage production by 0.20 ton.

Irrigation was not profitable, based on a replacement value of $25.00 per ton of dry forage produced and a cost of $5.11 per acre‐inch of water applied.
Factors Influencing the Fluorescence of Oat Hulls under Ultraviolet Light1
Authors: Leininger L. N. , Frey K. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Mutation, environmental influence, and outcrossing were factors inducing variation in fluorescence characteristics of normal oat seed. Somatic mutations in several oat plants caused some tillers to produce fluorescent and others nonfluorescent seeds. Intermediate fluorescence probably does not exist genetically but was caused by an environmental influence. It appears that seed fluorescence should not be used as the sole criterion in determining varietal mixture in oat.
Preliminary Studies on the Application of Gibberellic Acid to Cotton Seed and Seedlings1
Authors: Bradford W. W. , Ewing E. C.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Significant reduction in stand and, increase in seedling height occurred when seed were treated with gibberellic acid and planted in July. Soaking seed caused an increase in length and width of cotyledons. No differences in seedling emergence were found when seed were treated with dust formulations and planted in April. Spraying seedlings immediately after emergence significantly increased seedling height, size of cotyledons, and length of first internode, and significantly decreased size of second leaf.
The Influence of Several Managerial Treatments Upon the Gross Morphology of Timothy1
Authors: Peters E. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Fertilizing with nitrogen in addition to potassium and phosphorus generally increased the number of secondary corms and tertiary shoots of timothy plants, while the average weight of corms decreased. The number of secondary corms increased as the number of cuttings increased. Dead corms were numerous on plants that were cut frequently and also on plants cut to 1 inch or fertilized with high amounts of nitrogen.
The Persistence of Red Clover and Carbohydrate Concentration in the Roots at Various Temperatures1
Authors: Kendall W. A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Largest plants and greatest survival after clipping occurred at intermediate temperatures. TAC level increased in plants cultured at intermediate temperatures after clipping but remained low in those at the higher cycle.
Variability in Reed Canarygrass, Phalaris Arundinacea L. II. Seed Shattering1
Authors: Baltensperger A. A. , Kalton R. R.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

One selection held most of its seeds up to 40 days after bloom, while others lost theirs within 25 days.
The In Vitro Synthesis of Fats in Cottonseed1
Authors: Brown Lamar C. , Kurtz Edwin B.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Acetate is used for the synthesis of lipides, and the incorporation of acetate into lipides increases with increasing concentration of acetate. Both biotin and light stimulate the synthesis of lipides in cottonseed.
Protein and Carbohydrate Relationships in Winter Wheat as Influenced by Mechanical Injury1
Authors: Pauli A. W. , Laude H. H.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen and carbohydrate translocation to the grain, production per acre of protein and crude starch, and acre yields of grain were reduced in wheat by mechanical injuries.
Effect of Manure, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Climatic Factors on the Production and Quality of Bromegrass‐Crested Wheatgrass Hay1
Authors: Thomas James R. , Osenbrug A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Yields were significantly increased by nitrogen and manure. Residual effects from applications of nitrogen and manure were apparent for three cropping seasons.

Low yields were associated with high seasonal temperatures. Coefficients of determination indicated that estimates of future forage production should be based on daily range of temperature data.
Comparative Value of Legume and Fertilizer Nitrogen for Corn Production1
Authors: Stickler F. C. , Shrader W. D. , Johnson I. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The mean corn‐producing value of nitrogen from 19 legume green manures as determined by first‐ and secondyear corn data, was equivalent to that of 34 and 64 pounds per acre of inorganic nitrogen, respectively. In four corn response tests, nitrogen contained in legumes was from 16 to 92% as effective as inorganic nitrogen for increasing corn yields.
Water Use from Plastic‐covered and Uncovered Corn Plots1
Authors: Shaw R. H.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Soil moisture loss from plots where the ground surface was covered with plastic was 46% of the total loss from an uncovered plot. When intercepted water was included as water loss on the plastic‐covered plot, the loss from the plastic‐covered plot averaged 90% of that from an uncovered plot at low levels of radiation, and 72% at high levels of radiation.