bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Evaluation of a Modified Coronally Advanced Flap Alone or in Combination With a Platelet‐Rich Fibrin Membrane for the Treatment of Adjacent Multiple Gingival Recessions: A 6‐Month Study
Authors: Aroca Sofia , Keglevich Tibor , Barbieri Bruno , Gera Istvan , Etienne Daniel
Published: February 2009

Background: The aim of this study was to determine whether the addition of an autologous platelet‐rich fibrin clot (PRF) to a modified coronally advanced flap (MCAF) (test group) would improve the clinical outcome compared to an MCAF alone (control group) for the treatment of multiple gingival recessions.

Methods: Twenty subjects, presenting three adjacent Miller Class I or II multiple gingival recessions of similar extent on both sides of the mouth, were enrolled in the study. The mean recession value at baseline was 2.9 ± 1.1 mm for test sites and 2.5 ± 0.9 mm for control sites. Each patient was treated on both sides by an MCAF technique; the combination treatment (with a PRF membrane) was applied on the test side. Probing depth (PD), recession width, clinical attachment level (CAL), keratinized gingival width, and gingival/mucosal thickness (GTH) were measured at baseline and at 6 months post‐surgery. Gingival recession was measured at baseline and at 1, 3, and 6 months post‐surgery.

Results: Mean root coverage after 1, 3, and 6 months was 81.0% ± 16.6%, 76.1% ± 17.7%, and 80.7% ± 14.7%, respectively, at the test sites and 86.7% ± 16.6%, 88.2% ± 16.9%, and 91.5% ± 11.4%, respectively, at the control sites. Differences between the two groups were statistically significant at 3 and 6 months. At 6 months, complete root coverage was obtained at 74.6% of the sites treated with the control procedure but at only 52.2% of the experimental sites. At 6 months, the increase in GTH was statistically significant when comparing the test sites (from 1.1 ± 0.3 mm at baseline to 1.4 ± 0.5 mm at 6 months) to the control sites (from 1.1 ± 0.3 mm at baseline to 1.1 ± 0.3 mm at 6 months). In the case of PD, there was no significant difference between the two groups at 6 months, but a significant CAL gain in favor of the control group was observed at that time.

Conclusions: MCAF is a predictable treatment for multiple adjacent Miller Class I or II recession‐type defects. The addition of a PRF membrane positioned under the MCAF provided inferior root coverage but an additional gain in GTH at 6 months compared to conventional therapy.
Acellular Dermal Matrix Graft for Gingival Augmentation: A Preliminary Clinical, Histologic, and Ultrastructural Evaluation
Authors: Scarano Antonio , Barros Raquel R.M. , Iezzi Giovanna , Piattelli Adriano , Novaes Arthur B.
Published: February 2009

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate clinically, histologically, and ultrastructurally the integration process of the acellular dermal matrix used to increase the band of keratinized tissue while achieving gingival inflammation control.

Methods: Ten patients exhibiting a mucogingival problem with bands of keratinized tissue ≤1 mm and gingival inflammation of the related teeth were included in the study. The surgical procedures were performed to augment the gingival tissue using acellular dermal matrix. Clinical measurements were assessed at baseline and after 3 months. A specimen of the allograft and surrounding tissues was obtained immediately before the surgery and 4 minutes and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 10 weeks after grafting.

Results: Clinically, a gain of keratinized tissue of 2.92 ± 0.65 mm was observed after 3 months. Histologically and ultrastructurally, many macrophages were observed phagocytosing preexisting collagen fibers in the first weeks. From week 2 on, fibroblasts synthesizing new collagen, epithelial cells colonizing the graft surface, and revascularization were noticed. After 6 weeks it was difficult to find the acellular dermal matrix preexisting collagen fibers. This process of substitution was completed after 10 weeks, when the reepithelialization of the entire graft throughout a well‐structured basement membrane was achieved.

Conclusion: The acellular dermal matrix graft seemed to be an easily handled material for use in keratinized tissue augmentation that, in humans, was substituted and completely reepithelialized in 10 weeks according to histologic and ultrastructural results.
Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia: A Potentially Malignant Disorder Involving Periodontal Sites
Authors: Gandolfo Sergio , Castellani Roberto , Pentenero Monica
Published: February 2009

Background: Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is a rare oral mucosa disorder, frequently involving periodontal sites, with a high rate of progression to oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and verrucous carcinoma (VC). This article describes the clinical features and follow‐up of a group of patients with PVL, with attention to the involvement of the mucosa covering the alveolar crest and its malignant transformation.

Methods: Patients were retrospectively evaluated for demographic data, risk habits (smoking and drinking), locations of PVL lesions, incidence, and locations of malignant transformation. Patients with malignant transformation were compared to a control group (patients affected by oral carcinoma without PVL).

Results: Forty‐seven patients were enrolled; PVL lesions were most frequently observed on the alveolar crest (41/47 [87.2%]), with gingival involvement in 22 of 47 (46.8%) cases. Nineteen patients (40.4%) developed 41 malignant lesions; the alveolar crest was the most affected site (12/41 [29.3%]). Compared to controls, patients with PVL were more likely to develop VC (odds ratio [OR] = 6.61; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23 to 65.52) than SCC (OR = 0.15; 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.82), and they showed a higher incidence of cancer on masticatory mucosa (OR = 6.49; 95% CI: 1.78 to 29.12), particularly gingiva (P = 0.007) and the hard palate (P = 0.017).

Conclusions: The importance of PVL awareness for periodontists is underscored by the frequency of gingival involvement and the high prevalence of malignant transformation on masticatory mucosa, which usually can be suspected because of the onset of warning signs, such as rapid growth of verrucosity, area of erosion or ulceration, acquisition of red areas, induration, and positive response to toluidine blue staining.
Stress, Depression, Cortisol, and Periodontal Disease
Authors: Rosania Amy E. , Low Kathryn G. , McCormick Cheryl M. , Rosania David A.
Published: February 2009

Background: Stress and depression may affect the onset and progression of periodontal disease. However, to the best of our knowledge, no published study has established whether the mechanisms by which stress and depression influence periodontal disease are physiologic, behavioral, or both. This cross‐sectional pilot study explored the associations between psychologic factors, markers of periodontal disease, psychoneuroimmunologic variables, and behavior.

Methods: This study included 45 periodontal patients referred by three dentists. Participants completed composite health, chronic stress, depression, and demographic questions, and salivary cortisol (CORT) was measured. A hygienist assessed the magnitude of periodontal disease.

Results: Stress, depression, and CORT were correlated with measures of periodontal disease. In addition, oral care neglect during periods of stress and depression was associated with attachment loss and missing teeth. After controlling for age, family history, and brushing frequency, depression and CORT were significant predictors of the number of missing teeth. A similar model also predicted the number of teeth with clinical attachment loss >5 mm.

Conclusions: Stress and depression may be associated with periodontal destruction through behavioral and physiologic mechanisms. Addressing psychologic factors, such as depression, may be an important part of periodontal preventive maintenance.
Aggressive Periodontitis and Chronic Arthritis: Blood Mononuclear Cell Gene Expression and Plasma Protein Levels of Cytokines and Cytokine Inhibitors
Authors: Sørensen Lars K. , Havemose‐Poulsen Anne , Bendtzen Klaus , Holmstrup Palle
Published: February 2009

Background: Cytokines and cytokine inhibitors have been associated with many immunoinflammatory diseases. In the present study, we examined whether peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) gene expression mirrors the corresponding plasma levels of clinically important pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines and cytokine receptors in patients with periodontitis and patients with arthritis representing two examples of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as periodontitis and arthritis. To identify possible disease‐specific characteristics of subjects with periodontitis relative to subjects with chronic inflammation in general, patients with arthritis (juvenile idiopathic arthritis [JIA] and rheumatoid arthritis [RA]) were included.

Methods: The study population consisted of white adults <35 years of age diagnosed with localized aggressive periodontitis (LAgP; n = 18), generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP; n = 27), JIA (n = 10), and RA (n = 23) and healthy controls (n = 25). PBMC transcripts of interleukin (IL) 1 alpha (IL1A), IL 1 beta (IL1B), IL 1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN), IL6, IL10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFA), TNF alpha receptor I (TNFRI), and TNFRII were measured using real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and compared to the corresponding plasma protein levels measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and a multiplex antibody bead assay.

Results: Compared to controls, soluble (s) TNF‐RII levels were significantly elevated in patients with GAgP (P = 0.001) or JIA (P = 0.002), and PBMC TNFA transcript levels were lower in patients with JIA (P = 0.001). A negative correlation was found between IL6 expression and IL‐6 plasma levels in patients with JIA versus controls, and a positive correlation/association was found between TNFRI expression and sTNF‐RI plasma levels in patients with LAgP and RA.

Conclusions: The study demonstrated only a few changes in the PBMC expression of various cytokine and cytokine inhibitor genes in aggressive periodontitis and chronic arthritis compared to controls. There were a few similarities among disease groups, and no direct and simple correlation between cellular transcripts and proteins was found.
Placement of Two‐Part Implants in Sites With Different Buccal and Lingual Bone Heights
Authors: Welander Maria , Abrahamsson Ingemar , Berglundh Tord
Published: February 2009

Background: Recipient sites for implants often exhibit a vertical discrepancy between the buccal and lingual bone crest. The potential to preserve the lingual bone when placing the implant within the dimension determined by the buccal bone in such sites remains to be evaluated.

Methods: Five dogs were included in this study. The premolars were extracted on one side of the mandible, and a buccal defect was prepared by the resection of a 2‐mm‐high portion of the buccal bone wall. Three months later, two test (surface modification on the shoulder part of the implant) and two control implants were placed within the area of the buccal bone defect. Following placement, the implant margin at the buccal side coincided with the buccal bone crest, whereas the implant margin at the lingual side was in a subcrestal position. Regular abutments with a turned surface were connected to the control implants, whereas experimental abutments with a modified surface were connected to the test implants. A plaque‐control program was initiated. Four months later, biopsies were obtained and prepared for histologic analysis.

Results: The marginal bone level was located at a more coronal position at the lingual aspect than at the buccal aspect of the test implants, whereas the buccal and lingual bone levels were similar at control implants.

Conclusion: It is suggested that different marginal bone levels are obtainable at the lingual and buccal aspects when two‐part implants with suitable surface characteristics are placed in sites with different buccal and lingual bone heights.
Magnesium‐Enriched Hydroxyapatite Compared to Calcium Sulfate in the Healing of Human Extraction Sockets: Radiographic and Histomorphometric Evaluation at 3 Months
Authors: Crespi Roberto , Capparè Paolo , Gherlone Enrico
Published: February 2009

Background: Reduction of alveolar height and width after tooth extraction may present problems for implant placement, especially in the anterior maxilla where bone volume is important for biologic and esthetic reasons. Different graft materials have been proposed to minimize the reduction in ridge volume. The aim of this study was to compare radiographic and histomorphometric results of magnesium‐enriched hydroxyapatite (MHA) and calcium sulfate (CS) grafts in fresh sockets after tooth extractions.

Methods: Forty‐five fresh extraction sockets with three bone walls were selected in 15 patients. A split‐mouth design was used: 15 sockets on the right side of the jaw received MHA, 15 sockets on the left side received CS, and 15 random unfilled sockets were considered the control (C) group. Intraoral digital radiographs were taken at baseline and at 3 months after graft material placement. At 3 months, cylinder bone samples were obtained for histology and histomorphometry analysis.

Results: The difference in mean radiographic vertical bone level from baseline to 3 months was −2.48 ± 0.65 mm in the CS group, −0.48 ± 0.21 mm in the MHA group, and −3.75 ± 0.63 mm in the unfilled C group. Statistically significant differences (P <0.05) were found between CS and MHA groups and between MHA and C groups. Histologic examination revealed bone formation in all treated sites; trabecular bone assessment did not differ among apical, mesial, and coronal portions of the specimens. Mean vital bone measurements for CS, MHA, and C groups were 45.0% ± 6.5%, 40.0% ± 2.7%, and 32.8% ± 5.8%, respectively. Statistically significant differences (P <0.05) were found among all groups. Connective tissue percentages averaged 41.5% ± 6.7% for the CS group, 41.3% ± 1.3% for the MHA group, and 64.6% ± 6.8% for the C group. Statistically significant differences (P <0.05) were found between CS and C groups and between MHA and C groups. The CS‐grafted sockets showed 13.9% ± 3.4% residual implant material, whereas the MHA‐treated sockets showed 20.2% ± 3.2% residual material. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (P <0.05).

Conclusions: Radiographs revealed a greater reduction of alveolar ridge in the CS group than in the MHA group. Histologic examination showed more bone formation and faster resorption in the CS group and more residual implant material in the MHA group.
A scarcity value based explanation of trans-boundary water disputes: the case of the Cauvery River Basin in India
Authors: Ghosh Nilanjan , Bandyopadhyay Jayanta
Published: February 2009

The paper is an attempt to interpret trans-boundary water disputes with the help of scarcity value, which is the value that could have been generated if the limit on water availability could be relaxed by one unit. Scarcity value measures the degree of deprivation and creates the basis for disputes. This hypothesis has been applied in this paper to the disputes over water use for irrigation in the Cauvery basin between the states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu in South India. On the basis of the historical data for the area under paddy cultivation in the two states, the paper shows that such disputes are not clearly based on physical scarcity of water but are a temporal coincidence of demand based on scarcity value. This means that enhanced supply would not be the correct approach to the resolution of disputes. New economic instruments based on scarcity value may provide a more objective picture of the disputes and hence help in their amicable resolution.
The water situation in Harare, Zimbabwe: a policy and management problem
Authors: Nhapi Innocent
Published: February 2009

Harare, the capital city of Zimbabwe, is facing water quantity and quality problems, with serious pollution of the downstream Lake Chivero. Often, these problems are attributed to rapid population growth, inadequate maintenance of wastewater treatment plants, expensive technologies and a poor institutional framework. Rampant urban agriculture could also result in washing off and leaching of nutrients. This paper brings out a number of issues related to sustainable water management in Harare. The study was based on key informant interviews, focus group discussions and a literature review.

The results show that monitoring and enforcement of regulations in Harare is poor because of economic hardships and lack of political will to deal with offenders. Also, there is irregular collection of garbage, low fines owing to hyper-inflation and a general failure by the city to collect water and other charges from residents. The city has also failed to raise tariffs to economic levels owing to heavy lobbying by residents and interference by government. It was concluded that Harare cannot overcome its water-related problems under the current set-up. It is recommended that a corporatised body, free from political influence and with a higher degree of autonomy, be established to run the water services for Harare and the neighbouring towns. Such a body would need a sound and flexible system for setting tariffs and enacting/enforcing reasonable regulations.
Evaluating the impact of ponds in sustaining crop production: a case of Zhanghe irrigation system in China
Authors: Mushtaq Shahbaz , Khan Shahbaz , Hafeez Mohsin
Published: February 2009

Ponds are small reservoirs located in irrigated areas that allow farmers to capture rainfall, store surplus water from irrigation canals and conserve water from other sources. These ponds allow the users to obtain water on-demand providing built-in flexibility by storing water close to water users. Though ponds have been used widely in irrigated areas for many years, a recent increase in the construction of ponds because of growing water shortages and government policies are placing greater need on understanding their role in sustaining crop production.

We evaluated the impact of ponds in sustaining agricultural production, specifically the impact of ponds on cost of irrigation, crop area and production. Multivariate regression models were developed to assess the impact of ponds. The results of an assessment of the impact of access to pond water indicated that it reduces the total cost of irrigation. However, the effect is not statistically significant, whereas access to pond water had some positive but non significant impact on rice area and yield. The results did not show any significant increase in yield and rice area because of the similar quality of ponds and the ZIS canal water; the ZIS contributes around 20% to pond water. However, comparing yield using pond water and rainfed agriculture may show a significant impact of pond water. We envision that ponds will continue to play vital roles in sustaining agricultural production.
Tanzanian water policy reforms—between principles and practical applications
Authors: Lein Haakon , Tagseth Mattias
Published: February 2009

The paper presents and discusses different approaches to water management, termed “state centred”, “market-based” and “community-based”. Each provides different answers to how and by whom limited water resources best could and should be managed. They are based on different development ideologies and advocated by different professions. The article elaborates on the strengths, limitations and compatibility of the three models. These models provide a basis for discussing national water policy and water management reforms in Tanzania as well as the more practical implications of this in one of the main river basins in the country: the Pangani River Basin. Central to the water management problem in this basin are conflicts between communities and the water bureaucracy over what constitutes “proper” management of water. The policy and the activities of the river basin authorities continue to reflect a traditional top-down bureaucratic approach to water management, with colonial roots. The water legislation and the formal water management system seem neither to be set up to facilitate the active participation of local communities in water management, nor to facilitate the development of a water market.
Preparation of biodegradable porous poly(butylene succinate) microspheres
Authors: Pepic Dragana , Spasojevic Milica , Nikolic Marija , Djonlagic Jasna
Published: February 2009

The aim of this study was to determine the optimal conditions for the fabrication of porous microspheres based on poly(butylene succinate), PBS. The biodegradable non-porous PBS microspheres were prepared by the oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion solvent evaporation method using poly(vinyl alcohol), PVA, as the surfactant. Fabrication conditions, such as stirring rate, organic/aqueous ratio, PBS concentration and surfactant (PVA) concentration, which have an important influence on both the particle size and the morphology of the microspheres, were varied. Scanning electron microscopy, SEM, observations confirmed the size, size distribution and surface morphology of the microspheres. The optimal conditions for the preparation of the non-porous microspheres were found to be: concentration the PBS solution, 10 mass%; PVA concentration, 1 mass%; the organic/ aqueous ratio CHCl3/H2O = 1/20 and stirring rate 800 rpm. Porous PBS microspheres were fabricated under the optimal conditions using various amounts of hexane and poly(ethylene oxide), PEO, as porogens. The influence of the amount of porogen on the pore size and the particle size was investigated using SEM and the apparent density. The microspheres exhibited various porosities and the pore sizes. The average particle size of the microspheres with PEO as the porogen was from 100 to 122?m and that of the microspheres with hexane as the porogen was from 87 to 97?m. The apparent density of the porous microspheres with PEO as the porogen, from 0.16 to 0.23 g/cm3, was much smaller than the non-porous microspheres, 0.40 g/cm3. In the in vitro degradation experiments, the porous microspheres were incubated in phosphate buffer solution (pH 7) at 37?C. After incubating for one month, the microspheres showed significant extent of the hydrolytic degradation of the porous PBS microspheres.
The influence of composition of poly(n-isopropylacrylamide-co-itaconic acid) hydrogel on immobilized Candida rugosa lipase activity
Authors: Milasinovic Nikola , Kalagasidis-Krusic Melina , Knezevic-Jugovic Zorica , Filipovic Jovanka
Published: February 2009

The application of lipases as catalysts in chemical reactions has been deterred by the high cost of isolation and purification of enzymes, the instability of their structure when they are isolated from their natural environment, contamination of products with residual protein, their sensitivity to process conditions, etc. These problems could be overcome using immobilized lipases. Immobilization is achieved by fixing enzymes to or within solid supports and as a result a heterogeneous system is obtained. The present paper reports on the immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase in hydrogels based on N-isopropylacrylamide and itaconic acid. Immobilization of lipase is carried out by two different methods. In the first method, lipase is added to the reaction mixture before polymerization and crosslinking (in situ polymerization), while in the second method the synthetized hydrogels are immersed in lipase solution and left to rich the equilibrium swelling. The specific activities of the immobilized lipase were determined in both cases and compared. The amount of the immobilized lipase is higher if the immobilization is carried out by immersing hydrogel in lipase solution. It was observed that in both cases lipase activity increases with an increase of the itaconic acid content up to 10 wt% and thereafter decreases. From the measurements of shear storage moduli (G') it was concluded that the increase of the itaconic acid content decreases the mechanical properties of the hydrogels. SEM analysis confirmed the highly porous structure of hydrogels. It was found that greater pores were achieved when the enzyme was immobilized by in situ polymerization. When the enzyme was immobilized by in situ polymerization the itaconic acid content had not great effect on the mass of the immobilized enzyme, except for the 100/0 sample. On the contrary, for the samples where the enzyme was immobilized by swelling, the increase of the itaconic acid content increases the mass of the immobilized enzyme. Concerning the activity of the immobilized lipase, the swelling degree and mechanical properties of the investigated hydrogels, the best results were performed by the 95/5 hydrogel sample.
Semi-interpenetrating polymer networks of chitosan and poly(ethylene glycol)
Authors: Milosavljevic Nedeljko , Kalagasidis-Krusic Melina , Filipovic Jovanka
Published: February 2009

Chitosan is a natural polycationic polymer that possesses useful properties such as bioactivity, biocompatibility, non-toxicity and non-antigenicity. On the other hand, its mechanical properties are not good for some biomedical application. They may be improved by preparing semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPNs), when the hydrogel network is prepared in the presence of a previously made polymer such as poly(ethylene glycol). This paper deals with synthesis and characterization of the semi-interpenetrating polymer networks of chitosan and poly(ethylene glycol) with different Ch/PEG ratio and crosslinking degree. The degree of deacetylation of chitosan was determined by potentiometric titration, titration and elemental analysis. The semi-IPNs were characterized by swelling kinetics, mechanical properties and thermal analysis. It was found that PEG content and crosslinking agent concentration significantly influence the swelling behaviour of semi-IPNs. Water uptake was higher for lower crosslinking agent concentrations and PEG contents, up to PEG/Ch = 0,75. Better mechanical strength of semi-IPNs was obtained for higher PEG content and crosslinking agent concentration. SEM analysis confirmed the porous structure of semi-IPNs. Increasing the degree of crosslinking and PEG content up to PEG/Ch = 0,75, the pore size decreased. Based on the pore size, the investigated semi-IPNs can be regarded as macroporous. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that thermal stability of the semi-IPNs depends on the degree of crosslinking, as well as on the PEG content.
Polyolephine waste recycling as source of power energy
Authors: Tisovski Stefan , Valent Vladimir
Published: February 2009

Polyolephine waste (polyetilene, polypropilene) is the main source of environmental pollution. Depolymerization of waste in reactor under atmospheric pressure yields hydrocarbon mixture C1-C34. In turn, combustion of C1-C7 fraction provides reactor temperature regime. The plant is automated and energetically highly efficient. Small electric power is required for operating the plant. The waste originating from depolymerazation does not pollute the environment. Fraction C7-C34 not only serves for commercial purposes but also as a power energy provider within the waste deploymerization plant.
On a syntactic-semantic model with the locative case
Authors: Antonic Ivana
Published: February 2009

The topic of this paper is a syntactic-semantic model whose distinctive element is the locative case with the preposition U (IN) and the relevant feature (+) human being. This model is realized in three different variants - with the intransitive (A) or transitive verb (B), where the nominative in the function of subject and the locative indicate different (B1) or the same (B2) referents. Furthermore, the verb belongs to a semantic class which denotes emerging, stimulation, duration, fading away, diminishing or change in the intensity, in principle, of any phenomenon, and concretely in this model such verbs appear in the collocational link with the nouns implying man's psychological, physiological or mental states, feelings or mood. With an adequate analytic procedure, all the three variants of this model are approached from the syntactic-semantic and pragmatic perspective. The paper points to the causative semantics of these structures, reduced to the metalinguistic formula 'make that X V', which confirms that the semantics of these verb-noun collocational links, syntactically speaking, condenses a complex two-member sentential structure represented by the semantically deficient verb (= causative component) in the basic, matrix structure, and the complement clause with the conjunction DA (THAT) and the basic verb. And precisely from this semantic feature there follows that the notion in the locative case semantically, actually, represents the BEARER of a physiological, physiological or mental state, feeling, mood, so that it represents the GRAMMATICAL SUBJECT of the corresponding basic subordinated predication whose exponent, actually, is the grammatical subject in the structure with the intransitive verb (or with the syntactically-semantically intransitive verb structure), that is the object in the structure with the transitive verb. Two possible semantic interpretations of this model are presented: the one related to the referential pointing to the situation (a) and the other when the sentential proposition also includes the corresponding presupposition (b).
An important anniversary in linguistics
Authors: Bugarski Ranko
Published: February 2009

In 1957 two ground-breaking books were published in the field of linguistics Chomsky's Syntactic Structures and Lado's Linguistics Across Cultures, which have strongly influenced the development of theoretical and applied linguistics respectively over the past half-century. This paper briefly compares their widely different approaches, noting also certain points of contact that subsequent research has revealed. Substantial segments of these investigations are then presented through an analysis of the four key words in the titles of these two books. The article ends with a few fragments of the author's personal reminiscences concerning Chomsky and Lado.
Une contribution à l'étude de la nature phonétique des sons en langue Serbe: Sons fricatifs
Authors: Guduric Snezana , Petrovic Dragoljub
Published: February 2009

(francuski) Ce texte porte sur la nature phon?tique des sons fricatifs, en particulier sur les modifications de leur nature en vu de leur position dans les cha?nes sonores concr?tes. On propose un nouveau classement de consonnes en langue serbe qui consiste en ajout des sons [j] et [v] dans la classe de fricatifs, ayant en vu la nature acoustico-articulatioire de ces deux sons dans la langue moderne.
On semantic underspecification examining lexeme osnova
Authors: Dragicevic Rajna
Published: February 2009

The term semantic underspecification coined by J. Pustejovsky was initially introduced in Serbian linguistics by Milka Ivic. This paper further develops the term, investigates the level of semantic underspecification of lexemes and examining Serbian lexeme osnova [base] emphasizes conceptual analysis as an appropriate semantic method for investigating lexemes with the broadest (underspecified) semantics.
Catégorisation aspectuelle des concepts
Authors: Karolak Stanisław
Published: February 2009

(francuski) Le contenu de l'article est le probl?me connu en aspectologie comme celui de la d?pendance entre le sens lexical des verbes et l'aspect. Les contraintes qu'imposent les langues ? la distribution des gramm?mes d'aspect ont fait supposer qu'il existe des r?gles de leur co-occurrence avec les s?mant?mes. Le probl?me est pos? ici dans une perspective conceptuelle. Dans cette perspective, les verbes dont les s?mant?mes ont tel ou tel aspect n'exigent pas la co-occurrence avec des gramm?mes qui v?hiculent le m?me aspect. En revanche, ils peuvent se combiner avec des gramm?mes de sens aspectuel oppos? pour d?river des cat?gories de verbes secondaires ? partir des cat?gories primaires. On postule l'existence d'un m?canisme d?rivationnel qui engendre des verbes polyaspectuels.
Purism and antipurism in present-day Serbian
Authors: Klajn Ivan
Published: February 2009

As in other Balkan languages, Serbo-Croatian vocabulary is of mixed origin Ever since its earliest days, some of the commonest words were borrowed from Greek, Latin, Italian, Turkish, Hungarian, and in more recent times from Russian, Czech and German. For this reason most loanwords are received without resistance in Serbia. The same openness is shared by practically all Serbian linguists, while purist attitudes are only to be found among laymen. A less relaxed policy might prove to be advisable towards the Anglicisms of today, since global English is more universally present and more penetrating than any foreign language in the past. In Croatia, on the other hand, purism was adopted as an official policy, first as a response to the threats of Germanization (within the Austro-Hungarian empire) and later to the presumed Serbian domination (in Yugoslavia). As a consequence, the mechanisms of word formation are better developed in Croatian, but at the same time many artificial coinages and recycled archaisms have been launched, leading to what is known as the 'Croatian Newspeak'. While Croatian linguists are constantly on the guard against Serbianisms, in Serbia many Croatian words have been adopted almost without resistance, especially when they are shorter, more practical or more precise than their Serbian equivalents.
Coordinate and subordinate clauses in the Slavic languages
Authors: Kordic Snjezana
Published: February 2009

This article provides a survey of major findings on complex sentences in the Slavic languages. It treats coordinate and subordinate clauses, together with their conjunction. As for the subordinate clauses, it deals with complement clauses.
Some biological aspects of Aristotle's glottology
Authors: Maricki-Gadjanski Ksenija
Published: February 2009

Greek philosopher Aristotle (384-322 B. C) was for a long time an authority on ancient grammatical theory. His formulations of word categories supplemented by abundant logical and rhetorical considerations, made foundations for traditional linguistic concepts of grammar. He dealt with these matters almost throughout all his life, leaning on the knowledge of his predecessors, especially Plato and other philosophers. The author of this paper states that there was yet another field of investigation important for Aristotle especially in last the 25 years of his life, which contributed to his grasp of human language. Those were his biological preoccupations, which resulted in the works Historia animalium, De generatione animalium, De Partibus animalium, Parva naturalia. In these books he separated himself from Plato's dualism, treating human being as part of the living world, after his thorough empirical research of the systems and functioning of more than 500 animal species he knew. In several titles he insists that there is language only in man (T? l?g? chr?tai m?noz t?n z??n d anthr?poz, De generatione animalium 7, 786 b 2). That is his own discovery. He analyzes the role and function of all the organs by which the language is produced: mouth, lips tongue, larynx, palate, nose, then stream of air, etc. Doing so, he formulates in fact an early type of phonetics. The author of the paper further indicates that this 'biological' knowledge of Aristotle's should be confronted and paralleled with his 'grammatical' formulations, which should lead to a more complete image of Aristotle's glottology, a theory of language in broader sense than linguistics of today. As for the physei - th?sei traditional division among ancient Greek philosophers, Aristotle did not seem to care a lot, but one can conclude that Aristotle thought of language as being kat? synth?k?n, i. e. of arbitrary nature.
Vrode razvernutoj v prostranstve diahronii
Authors: Miloradovic Sofija
Published: February 2009

(francuski) Dans le travail ci-pr?sent on d?montre, sur les exemples de quelques parlers populaires serbes, que la situation synchronique dans les dialectes serbes pr?sente une certaine sorte de r?interpr?tation du d?veloppement historique des mani?res d'exprimer la possession dans les constructions substantives. Cet article met en relief l'importance de l'?tude de la syntaxe dialectale pour la d?duction des conclusions valables dans le domaine de la dialectologie historique, ?tant donn? que l'aire des diff?rentes formes d'exprimer la vraie possession (kuca moga oca // mome ocu kuca // na mojega oca kuca) ainsi que la possession appel?e existentielle (sestra moga oca // mome ocu sestra // na mojega oca sestra) repr?sente d'apr?s le corpus form? ? la base de quatre dialectes serbes (le dialecte de Sumadija et Vojvodine, celui de Smederevo et Vrsac, celui de Kosovo et Resava et le dialecte de Prizren et Timok), la r?interpr?tation du d?veloppement historique des mani?res d'exprimer cette cat?gorie s?mantique, refl?tant des proc?s analogues dans l'histoire des langues slaves des Balkans.
Filologiceskie zametki ob odnom serbskoslavjanskom tekste iz 1720 goda
Authors: Mladenovic Aleksandar
Published: February 2009

(ruski) Predmetom nastojascej stat'i javljaetsja rukopisnyj Sbornik sostavlennyj v 1720 godu na territorii togdasnej (Sremsko)karlovackoj mitropolii. Avtorom issledovany sledujuscie jazykovye osobennosti ?togo Sbornika: 1. glasnyj a na meste preznego poluglasnogo zvuka; 2. upotreblenie bukvy A (= ja), kotoruju serbskie piscy nacali pisat' pod vlijaniem tekstov na russkoslavjanskom jazyke, opublikovannyh russkoj kirillicej; 3. upotreblenie bukvy j (= j), vstrecajuscejsja v tekstah na serbskom jazyke i do 1720 goda, no procno zakrepivsejsja v napisanii posle 1726 goda, kogda russkoslavjanskij jazyk stal oficial'nym jazykom Serbskoj Pravoslavnoj Cerkvi, zamenivsim serbskoslavjanskij jazyk, upotrebljavsijsja do ?togo v dannoj funkcii. 4. upotreblenie prilagatel'nogo slovenosrpski dlja oboznacenija prinadleznosti serbam, slavjanam, v kotorom pozze pod russkim vlijaniem izmenilos' proiznosenie pervogo sloga slov- > slav-.
Der zivilisationswortschatz bei den Serben und Kroaten im 19. jahrhundert: Am beispiel einiger begriffe aus wirtschaft und bankwesen
Authors: Neveklovski Gerhard
Published: February 2009

(nemacki) Die angef?hrten Belege aus den Sachgebieten Wirtschaft, Handel Bankwesen stellen eine Auswahl aus dem umfangreichen Projekt 'Gesellschaft und Wirtschaft' der Balkankommission der ?sterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften dar. Sie zeigen deutlich, wie bei den Serben und Kroaten bei der Schaffung eines den Zeiterfordernissen angepassten Wortschatzes auf verschiedene Traditionen zur?ckgegriffen wird, und dass diese Traditionen ihre Kontinuit?t bis heute besitzen. Bei den Serben bleiben viel eher internationale Entlehnungen erhalten als bei den Kroaten, die eher einheimisches Wortmaterial vorziehen. Im einzelnen werden die Begriffe Aktie Bankrott, Darlehen, Kapital, Kasse, Pacht, Ware, Zinsen mit ihren Ableitungen behandelt. Die Beispiele sind Beitr?ge zur Wortgeschichte, die Angaben im gro?en Akademiew?rterbuch (ARj) erg?nzen oder korrigieren und einen ?berblick ?ber die Techniken der Entstehung neuer W?rter vermitteln sollen.
The problems of the complex sentences with complements in Bulgarian
Authors: Nicolova Ruselina
Published: February 2009

The investigation of the complex sentences with complements in Bulgarian is a multifactor analysis, which has to take into account the following issues: a) the lexical meaning of the main predicate, which determines the meaning of the complement in general; b) the grammatical meanings of the main predicate - person (a special role plays the opposition between the speaker and the other participants in communication), number, tense, mood, evidentiality affirmativity or negation; c) the functions of the linking words - complementizers, particles, interrogatives, relatives; d) the meaning of the complement and its related presuppositions or implications (if any), its modality, its illocutionary force, its formal structure, its syntactic position in the complex sentence; e) the combinatorial potential of the matrix sentence and the complement in both aspects - semantic and formal.
Iz nasej antroponimiki
Authors: Peco Asim
Published: February 2009

(ruski) V rabote govoritsja ob imenah tipa Muja, Brana, ob ih proishozdenii i rasprostranennosti. Osnovnoj ideej javljaetsja to, cto podobnye imena po proishozdeniju svjazany s mostarskim dialektom, ego musul'manskimi govorami i s ego bednymi predstaviteljami. ?ti imena mogli rasprostranit'sja za predely dannogo dialekta, no oni vse esce ne javljajutsja obsceupotrebitel'nymi, t. e. ne mogut ispol'zovat'sja dlja ljubogo lica.
O frazeologizmah: (1) Sjasi Kurta, a uzjasi Murta i (2) Obiti Skodru i Modru
Authors: Pizurica Mato
Published: February 2009

(ruski) V nastojascej stat'e avtor provodit tipologiceskij i semanticeskih analiz dvuh frazeologizmov: (1) Sjasi Kurta, a uzjasi Murta i (2) Obiti Skodru i Modru. Pervyj iz ?tih frazeologizmov javljaetsja nositeljam serbskogo jazyka horoso izvestnym, v to vremja kak vtoroj frazeologizm zasvidetel'stvovan otnositel'no nedavno v Rovcah (Cernogorija). Oba frazeologizma otlicajutsja stabil'noj strukturoj i ustojcivym znaceniem. Oni otnosjatsja k obrazcovym frazeologizmam dannogo tipa (rifmovka, arhaiceskie leksiceskie komponenty, znacenie otricatel'noj vseobscnosti i t. d).
O grammatike predela
Authors: Piper Predrag
Published: February 2009

(ruski) V nastojascej stat'e rassmatrivajutsja obscie i castnye voprosy vyrazenija predela kak semanticeskogo kriterija, ob''edinjajuscego rjad semanticeskih kategorij, otlicajuscihsja drug ot druga formoj i stepen'ju grammatikalizovannosti, takih kak lokalizovannost', temporal'nost' aspektual'nost', akcional'nost', kolicestvennost', gradual'nost' i dr. Znacenie predela kak casti kakogo-nibud' javlenija, differencirujuscej ego ot okruzajuscih ego javlenij, zalozeno v osnovu rjada grammaticeskih kategorij leksiko-grammaticeskih razrjadov i leksiceskih podsistem, formirujuscih v celom gipperkategorial'nyj kompleks predel'nosti, ohvatyvajuscij znacenija ob''edinennye obscim priznakom granicy, prohodjascim mezdu otlicajuscimisja drug od druga suscnostjami. Grammaticeskie sredstva vyrazenija predela v doklade rassmatrivajutsja v ramkah teorii semanticeskih lokalizacij (Piper 1997, 2001) i teorii grammaticeskih metafor, razrabatyvajuscejsja v ramkah kognitivnoj lingvistiki. Osoboe vnimanie v stat'e udeljaetsja raznovidnostjam semanticeskogo kriterija predela, takimi kak vnutrennij i vnesnij predel sil'no vyrazennyj i slabo vyrazennyj predel, linejnyj i tocecnyj predel i t. d.
Cvet kak priznak mifologiceskih suscestv - slavjanskie paralleli
Authors: Radenkovic Ljubinko
Published: February 2009

(ruski) V nastojascej stat'e rassmatrivaetsja vopros o ispol'zovanii cvetooboznacenij dlja vyrazenija harakternyh osobennostej mifologiceskih suscestv v narodnoj kul'ture slavjanskih narodov. Opirajas' na pover'ja i leksiceskij material, avtor opisyvaet i analiziruet simvoliku krasnogo zelenogo, sinego, zeltogo i serogo cveta. On prihodit k vyvodu, cto v narodnoj demonologii, krome belogo i cernogo cveta, osoboe znacenie imejut krasnyj i zelenyj cvet. Zelenyj cvet ukazyvaet na svjaz' mifologiceskih suscestv s prirodoj, a krasnyj cvet podcerkivaet 'nepravil'nost'' rozdenija ili otsutstvie pravil'noj iniciacii i vkljucenija v prinjatyj porjadok dannoj kul'tury, vsledstvie cego takie suscestva javljajutsja postojannoj ugrozoj dlja kollektiva.
Metafora i (giper)ëkstensija
Authors: Radic Jovanka
Published: February 2009

(ruski) Termin '?kstensija' imeet gorazdo bolee opredelennoe znacenie po sravneniju s terminom metafora: ?kstensija podrazumevaet sposobnost' vyrazenija (obycno leksiceski zavisimogo slova) k rassireniju i vyrazeniju svojstv predmetov, kotorye nastol'ko razlicny po svoej prirode, cto iskljucena vsjakaja vozmoznost' podobija ljubogo iz ih svojstv (ide covek, ~ paun, ~ lav, ~ ekser, ~ voda; meka maca, ~ igracka, ~ bunda, meke papuce meko krzno, meka kruska, ~ voda, i t. p). ?kstensija, v ukazannom znacenii svjazana s giper?kstensiej, a takze s metaforoj ne po analogii, t. e. s pervymi tremja 'vidami' metafory, vydelennymi v 'Po?tike' Aristotelja ('perenesenie naimenovanija s odnogo predmeta na drugoj, pricem ili s roda na vid, ili s vida na rod, ili s vida na vid'). Razlicie mezdu (1) po?ticeskoj metaforoj ('ukrasenie', 'stilisticeskaja figura'), zamecaemoj potomu, cto ona osnovyvaetsja na sblizenii dvuh ponjatij po analogii i tem samym 'soobscaet novoe znanie' ili 'zivo predstavljaet vesc'', i (2) metaforoj ne po analogii t. e. perenosom naimenovanija, kotoryj neogranicenno i nezametno rassirjaetsja, t. k. on ne osnovan na ustanovlenii svjazej po analogii mezdu predmetami (ponjatijnaja metafora - aspekt, kotoryj do nedavnego vremeni vkljucalsja v termin polisemija), - mozno dostatocno tocno oboznacit' pri pomosci terminov intensivnaja i ?kstensivnaja metafora, sostavljajuscih oppoziciju. Takim obrazom, mozno govorit' ob ?kstensivnoj metafore, kotoraja razvivaetsja v sirinu i nezametna, i ob intensivnoj metafore, kotoraja zamecaetsja, t. k. razvivaetsja ne v sirinu, a v glubinu.
Trends in linguistics by Milka Ivic
Authors: Radovanovic Milorad
Published: February 2009

In this article professor Milka Ivic's role in the presentation and explanation of general linguistic concepts, topics, theories, schools and trends is presented. In this concern the focus of presentation is on Milka Ivic's book Trends in Linguistics, on its various editions in various languages, extended versions that followed general trends in the linguistic science, from sixties to nineties. The inventory of these editions is presented along with the inventory of the related revisions. The general conclusion suggested is that there is not such an unique example within the framework of the current linguistic production.
O posessivnoj konstrukcii u + roditel'nyj padez licnogo mestoimenija na territorii vostocnoj Bosnii
Authors: Remetic Slobodan
Published: February 2009

(ruski) Rabota posvjascena analizu vostocno-bosnijskoj konstrukcii U roditel'nyj padez licnogo (ili kakogo-libo drugogo) mestoimenija v sobstvenno posessivnoj funkcii. V reci serbov na territorii ot nas. p. Gorne Birce do Nisicskoj vozvysennosti, a takze v reci bosnijcev, prozivajuscih v g. Kladan' i ego okrestnostjah, avtor zafiksiroval bolee 1000 primerov tipa: 'Zena pr?c? u-men? m?jki' (dosl. 'Zena rasskazyvaet u-menja materi') = moej materi 'Laz?r puc? u-seb? ?s-kuc?' (dosl. 'Lazar' streljaet iz u-sebja doma') = iz svoego doma. Dannoe javlenie v serbskih idiomah avtor ob''jasnjaet kak dialektnuju interferenciju. V rec' nositelej gercegovinsko-krajinskogo dialekta ono prislo iz mestnogo vostocno-bosnijskogo tipa dialekta vsledstvie migracij na territorii vostocnoj Bosnii. Dannoe utverzdenie avtor podkrepljaet faktom, cto u serbov ?tot nesomnennyj arhaizm naibolee casto vstrecaetsja v nas. p. Vucinici - sele, kotoroe nahoditsja blize vsego k g. Kladan', s ziteljami kotorogo ziteli sela Vucinjani i v nedavnem, i v dalekom proslom imeli ezednevnye sosedskie kontakty, a takze zivye hozjajstvennye svjazi.