bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Degree phrases
Authors: González Escribano José Luis
Published: April 2016

The ternary-branching analysis of DegPs with CP complements offered in Abney (1987) is underivable by Merge, as is Jackendoff's (1977) earlier one, Kayne's treatment of phrases containing Degs as specifiers of CPs headed by 'than' or 'that' is semantically implausible, and the classical Deg S' analysis of Sraith (1961), Bresnan (1973), Bowers (1975), or Baltin (1987), and LF-oriented proposals like Rouveret (1978) or Guéron & May (1984) all require obligatory adjunction to XP Comparative/Result Clause Extraposition), an operation which, according to Kayne(1994) and Chomsky (1995,1998) should not exist. At present, then, doctrine concerning how such CPs are derived is badly needed. This article claims that a solution to this long-standing problem can be reached if comparative and result clauses are complements to Degs, as in the classical analysis, whereas the APs (AdvPs, QPs) that accompany them are their specifiers, and shows how the surface order visible at P follows, without invoking Extraposition, if DegPs are generated as lowest complements of Larsonian projections and Degs are allowed to rise in order to c-command the 'degree' arguments (Corver 1997) associated with gradable A's, Adv's and Q's and avoid violations of the Head Final Filter of Williams (1982).
The use of discourse markers in E.F.L. learners' writing
Authors: Lahuerta Martínez Ana Cristina
Published: April 2016

This study investigates the use of discourse markers by Spanish learners of English. It is intended as an initial contribution to the study of how discourse markers are used by foreign language learners. We conduct two pilot studies involving the use of English discourse markers by native speakers of Spanish. We first study if these speakers use English discourse markers at all in their writings and if they use some markers and not others. We then compare the use they make of discourse markers in Spanish and in English. This study shows that native speakers of Spanish use discourse markers extensively and in appropriate ways both in Spanish and in English. We also observe some differences between the writings in English and Spanish with respect to the number of markers employed as well as the variety of markers used. With these initial results, we intend to better define future research questions and directions.
William Godwin's place in eighteenth century memoir writing: the example of the Memoirs of Mary Wollstonecraft
Authors: Pérez Rodríguez Eva María
Published: April 2016

Godwin's Memoirs of Mary Wollstonecraft are a mixture of innovation and tradition in eighteenth-century life writing. In his readings of Hume, Gibbon, Johnson or Boswell, he would have found a philosophical approach to biography similar to his own. This approach implied a condensation of universal characteristics in the delineation of one single character, and an inextinguishable defence of the formative nature of all literature, inclusive of biography. The fact that Wollstonecraft had provided a variety of what the times considered scandals is of no matter to Godwin. Her mind and acts were in his view a consequence of her social and personal contingency - a view anchored in Political Justice - and it all could teach an example. My article shows how Godwin drank in the biographical tradition of his day, but also how his distinctive Dissenting insistence on detail, and his reckless adherence to truth - also remnants from Political Justice - marked his Memoirs of Mary Wollstonecraft as typical in his canon. I point also at the author's struggle with style, as his new awareness of the importance of sentiment and conversation, which he had expressed in 'Of History and Romance', imply a revision of his old pompous diction. Although alert to these changes, Godwin is not always capable of the graceful transition needed for the Memoirs of Wollstonecraft.
Expressive strength reduction through the use of perception/epistemic verbs in first person singular subject reference in British English, Castilian Spanish and Galician
Authors: Villar Conde Natalia
Published: April 2016

British English, Castilian Spanish and Galician are three geographically and genetically close linguistic codes, although they exhibit important pragmatic differences. This can be seen when examining degrees of expressive strength in the message; that is, the extent to which the speaker commits him/herself to the proposition expressed. Considering in particular one of the possible ways of avoiding commitment to the message, namely the employment of perception/epistemic verbs in first person singular, it can be seen that English speakers make extensive use of this device. This can be connected to the interest in the Anglo-Saxon culture in avoiding imposition of personal ideas. As a result of a similar interdependence of linguistic and cultural aspects, Galician speakers do not make use of such a resource, and Spanish occupies a middle position, with some use of the structure analysed. The analysis considers five types of discourse for each language, showing that the socio-cultural context in which speech production takes place is important for discursive style.
Representations of black omen in Grace Nichol's poetry : from otherness to empowerment
Authors: Bringas López Ana
Published: April 2016

From the onset of colonialism, Western scientific and philosophical discourses produced constructions of blackness aimed at depriving black people from their subjectivity as well as at providing a moral justification for their enslavement and exploitation. These constructs were mainly based on the sexualisation of black women, whose bodies and sexuality were commodified to serve both the sexual and economic demands of white slave owners. After the abolition of slavery, the myths about black womanhood were perpetuated and are currently manifested through stereotyped representations that continue to situate black women in the field of an excessive sexuality. These images are central to the maintenance of a politics of domination, as they provide an ideological legitimisation of race, class and gender oppression. For this reason, black feminists have emphasised the need to find new representations that will provide black women with positive models of identification. This article analyses three poetry collections by Afro-Caribbean poet Grace Nichols, in order to explore the diverse strategies through which she represents black women as empowered subjects of their own her stories. Nichols’s revaluation of black womanhood is mainly attained through the appropriation of black women’s bodies and sexuality as a source of power and pleasure in the context of Afro-Caribbean culture.
Reflections on some syntactical processes and their communicative implications in two short stories written by Julia Álvarez : My English and A Genetics of Justice
Authors: Martínez Lirola María
Published: April 2016

Our hypothesis in this article is that Julia Álvarez chooses several anomalous syntactical structures in English in the short stories My English and A Genetics of Justice to point out certain facts or certain feelings that are important in her life. In this sense we can say that there is a relationship between the use of words or structures and the author’s ideology. This article is within the framework of Systemic Functional Grammar for two main reasons: a) the importance of context for the analysis of the main syntactical processes of thematization and postponement in English and b) because it studies language in relation to society and analyses the main reasons for choosing between some linguistic forms or others, fact that is always determined for the function that those linguistic forms have in society. The main purpose of this article is to show that presenting ideas using certain syntactical structures in English (existential sentences, extraposition, pseudo-cleft sentences, passive, cleft sentences, reversed pseudo cleft and left dislocation) is not at random because those structures have specific communicative implications, as we will see when we analyse the examples in the two short stories we have chosen.
Diaspora: concept, context, and its application in the study of new literatures
Authors: López Ropero María Lourdes
Published: April 2016

Displacement and dispersion do not only feature prominently as topics in the New Literatures in English, but characterize the lives of many postcolonial authors who have chosen or been compelled to develop their writing careers in different parts of the Western world. This paper puts forward the term diaspora as an analytical field with which to map and apprehend multi-centred New Literatures, taking Anglophone Afro-Caribbean literature -produced along a London-New York-Toronto axis- as a case study. Background to the origin, development and widespread currency of the term across disciplines will be provided.
Border studies : an annotated list of cultural and academic web sources
Authors: Dueñas Vinuesa María
Published: April 2016

Two cultural, social and functional systems have merged along the U.S.-Mexico border to create a new particular lifestyle which is entirely unique. The borderlands is a space of dependence and disparity, of rebellion and exploitation, which has generated a dynamic fusion culture that reflects the struggle of its people in order to assert their identity. This article is dedicated to the introduction, organization and exploration of internet resources related to the U.S.-Mexico border zone, with particular attention to the sites that reflect the borderlands’ cultural and literary expressions, as well as to those which provide information about the emerging field of Border Studies as an academic discipline for study and research.
English and Galician in the Middle Ages : a sociohistorical survey
Authors: Crespo García Begoña
Published: April 2016

The sociohistorical approach provides a most accurate framework for the comparative study of both the English and the Galician speech communities in the Middle Ages. The analysis of the external circumstances in each case will constitute the starting point to examine their evolution across history. Since the status of a linguistic system can be altered by the influence of certain key events, I shall manage to determine how similar social factors and historical events in different communities can provoke, in the long run, divergent sociolinguistic effects.
A research program for foreign language teachers : building up investigation in classroom contexts
Authors: Luque Agulló Gloria , Ramos Álvarez Manuel Miguel
Published: April 2016

When researchers in the field of Applied Linguistics or L2 teachers try to carry out any kind of research, several problems arise. The first one is knowing how to start the process of ‘researching’. The second problem, perhaps more frustrating, arises when one finds out that one cannot grasp the complexities to be taken into account when getting started on the research task at hand. Third, one has to find out how to adapt the different steps of the research to one’s own situation, context, and degree of knowledge, so that data can later be able appropriately coded and analysed in order to establish some sort of conclusion. Last but not least, a further struggle tends to appear on discovering that what should have been done and what has actually been done are two very different things. This paper aims at improving this situation by establishing in a clear-cut way the three levels any investigation should include –conceptual, methodological and empirical–. Then each framework –level– is described, producing a very specific and up-to-date research agenda in which every specific notion is defined and justified.
Some developments in the semantics of the English progressive from old English to early modern English
Authors: Núñez Pertejo Paloma
Published: April 2016

The aim of this paper is to provide a descriptive account of the development of the semantics of English be + -ing from Old English (henceforth OE) to early Modern English (henceforth eModE). Questions such as whether it is possible to ascribe one single meaning to the cluster or whether the modern English (henceforth ModE) function(s) can be traced back to OE will be dealt with in this study. In this respect, examples from OE, Middle English (ME) and eModE will be analyzed and discussed to illustrate the use of the progressive in such periods. Moreover, the combination of be + -ing and time adverbials will also be described in this paper, since the study of the interrelation between the two has proved very fruitful in the analysis of the semantics of the English progressive.
Visions of the True West : Sam Shepard, identity and myth
Authors: Tarancón de Francisco Juan Antonio
Published: April 2016

Ever since Sam Shepard began his career on the Off-Off Broadway theatre scene of the mid-sixties, he managed to combine the formal experimentation and the contesting attitude expected from a celebrity brewed in the cafés of New York’s Lower East Side with a unique personal imagery that invoked popular-culture icons. However, when in the late 1970s he started to produce family dramas rooted in the US well-made play tradition, the harmonious critical response cracked. With this paper I mean to throw light onto Shepard’s extensively quoted and censured shift. I will hopefully illustrate the extent to which his family plays continue to address the same concerns as his early more experimental ones –mainly the adoption of popular myths, the persevering research on characterization in the theatre, and the exposition of the ingrained contradictions of the self– while, at the same time, they reconsider traditional notions of realism in the face of larger political changes.
The discursive construction of identity in an Internet hip-hop community
Authors: Fägersten Kristy Beers
Published: April 2016

In this paper, the Internet message board forum is proposed as an example of a community of practice (Eckert and McConnell-Ginet, 1992) in which contributors exhibit common linguistic conventions and forms of participation. The emergence of individual identities in interaction is examined in the genre-specific context of hip-hop Internet message boards. A corpus analysis of message board postings clearly shows that contributors systematically exploit the spoken and written qualities of the language of message boards, the " third medium" (Crystal, 2001) to identify themselves linguistically. Linguistic conventions or practices reveal a tendency among contributors to discursively construction their identities via a "social positioning of self and other" (Bucholtz and Hall, 2005) as experts or non-experts in the hip-hop community. Contributors' identities as experts or simply in-group members are further corraborated or established by the codification not only of non-standard pronunciations and grammar characteristic of speech, but also of non-standard orthography, which demands a written forum to be appreciated, as it is neutralized and unremarkable in speech. Because of the written and spoken qualities of message board discourse, both the content and the form of postings can be manipulated to showcase familiarity with hip-hop discursive practices. Internet message boards therefore represent the ideal forum for discursively constructing a hip-hop identity.
Critical discourse analysis as an analytical resource for cultural studies: exploring the discursive construction of subject positions in British men's magazines' problem pages
Authors: Gregorio Godeo Eduardo de
Published: April 2016

In operating with quite an abstract approach to 'discourse', cultural studies has hardly engaged in detailed textual analyses examining the role of language and discourse in the constitution of cultural processes. By focusing on an area of concern for contemporary cultural studies such as the discursive construction of subject positions, this paper casts light on the instrumental role that critical discourse analysis (henceforth CDA) may play as an analytical resource for cultural studies. In particular, we highlight how detailed textual analyses undertaken by CDA may contribute to deciphering the role of language and discourse in the articulation of cultural practices of identity representation and construction in media discourse. After revising the coincidences on the agendas of CDA and cultural studies, a case study follows exploring the discursive construction of such a subject position on masculinity as the so- called 'new man' in a sample from men's magazines' problem pages as a characteristic popular-culture genre in contemporary Britain. Our analysis substantiates the validity of Fairclough's CDA framework for disentangling the mechanisms of identity construction in this genre of present-day media discourse in the UK.
Tracing context in the discourse of the media: features of language-in-use in the British press
Authors: González Rodríguez María José
Published: April 2016

The language of newspapers is usually explored by linguists because it is undoubtedly the most widely genre read in Western countries. Systemic linguistics provides useful tools for analysing newswriting, identifying grammatical and lexical elements that are functional for achieving particular purposes in media discourse. Using Halliday's approach to context (1978, 1985a, 1989a, 1989b, 1989c, 1994), and Halliday and Matthiessen, 2004, the aim of this article is to explore to what extent situational and cultural context determines the linguistic features used in two British national newspapers, The Times and The Sun. More specifically, through a systemic functional approach to language, I illustrate how newswriting is itself structured for a particular use and how register variables impact into that language use.
The role of metaphor, metonymy, and conceptual blending in understanding advertisements: the case of drug-prevention ads
Authors: Herrero Ruiz Javier
Published: April 2016

Over the last years, there has been a growing interest in the analysis of advertisements from the point of view of pragmatic theory (cf. Brierley, 1995; Myers, 1994; Rein, 1982; Tanaka, 1994). Nevertheless, pragmatic studies of the language of advertising from a cognitive perspective are scarce (cf. Turner & Fauconnier, 2000; Coulson, 2000; Sánchez & Gómez, 2002). In this connection, the aim of this study is twofold: first, we attempt to provide additional evidence about the role of metaphor, metonymy, and conceptual blending in the proper understanding of a set of drug-prevention ads and, second, we shall demonstrate that, in addition to determining the semantics of the slogans, the underlying mappings also constrain the choice of their related visual layouts; thus, the overall communicative effects brought about by the advertisement are further reinforced. With this purpose in mind, we have drawn a corpus of sixteen drug-prevention advertisements, both in Spanish and English, which include slogans and images. The adverts under consideration have been entirely retrieved from the net, and contain expressions such as "keep your eyes open," "there is a long life ahead," or "turn away from drugs." We shall show that the interpretation of such examples ultimately exploits metaphor (e.g. FUTURE TIME IS IN FRONT OF EGO, KNOWING IS SEEING) and metonymy (e.g. EFFECT FOR CAUSE), either independently or in interaction, and conceptual blending.
Journalists' language awareness: inferences from writing strategies
Authors: Perrin Daniel , Ehrensberger-Dow Maureen
Published: April 2016

What journalists want to do is not always what they actually do as they sit at their computer workstations writing news based on source texts. This article focuses on journalists' writing behavior and their writing strategies in a sample of 17 case studies. Data was collected with progression analysis, a multi method approach combining ethnographic observation and interviews with computer logging and retrospective verbalizations. With this approach, it is possible to make inferences about the awareness journalists have of their language and their language use. The explorative findings show that there might be considerable differences between the professionally guided intentions of writers and their actions - a strong argument for multi-method approaches in production- oriented discourse analysis. Furthermore, the findings show clear differences between experienced and inexperienced journalists: the repertoires of the experienced journalists contain more writing strategies that are oriented to the management of the writing process and the design of the text function. Heightened language awareness may well be linked causally to writing success.
Linguistic devices coping with death in Victorian obituaries
Authors: Crespo Fernández Eliecer
Published: April 2016

Given that obituaries constitute a breeding ground for the proliferation of different means of coping with death, it is my purpose in this paper to provide an overview of the main linguistic devices used in a sample of Irish Victorian death notices and analyse to what extent such devices have a social purpose. In this regard, I consider the obituary as a socially oriented practice whose main function is carried out via a wide range of praising and consolatory devices, such as metaphors, metonymies, hyperboles or mitigating apology expressions, among others. The results obtained support the idea that obituaries go beyond the limits of a mere announcement of a death and faithfully represent the social attitude and conventions towards mortality. In fact, nineteenth-century death notices primarily served a social purpose, acting as a medium through which families could demonstrate their place in society, being the degree of linguistic elaboration parallel to the social status of the deceased.
Textual and interpersonal differences between a news report and an editorial
Authors: McCabe Anne , Heilman Karl
Published: April 2016

While news reports and editorials may center on very similar experiential content, obviously, their purposes are very different: to inform in the case of the report, and to argue for a particular line of thought on a given situation in the editorial. This paper demonstrates how systemic functional linguistics (SFL) can highlight just how these different ends are achieved linguistically, focusing on the textual meta-function through Theme choice and through the use of textual adjuncts, and on the interpersonal meta-function, through choices in the system of APPRAISAL, especially through the sub-systems of ATTITUDE and ENGAGEMENT. Results from analysis of a news report and an editorial show that the editorial indeed does make recourse to more overtly present interpersonal devices; this is not to say that the news report disguises the authorial presence entirely, as textual devices, such as conjuncts like however, indicate what a writer’s expectations of his/her readers are.
The social status of /h/ in English
Authors: Murillo López Ignacio
Published: April 2016

Languages are used as a vehicle of communication in the societies where each of them is spoken. Within those societies there are normally different groups, and each of those groups usually has a particular, or particular ways of communicating and using the language shared by all of them. Differences like this may be of several types: regional uses, a specific lexis depending on each one’s occupation, formal or colloquial uses, social class variation, etc. In this article the issue of social class language variation is explored. Particularly, our focus here is that of the status of the /h/-phoneme in English. Its pronunciation as a voiceless glottal fricative consonant or its absence is a symbol of the social divide in some places where English is spoken. In those places, the absence of the /h/-phoneme is considered erroneous, and the speech of those who do not use it, is not considered correct or appropriate. Here we analyse the origin of that linguistic phenomenon, as well as the reasons for the establishment of the absence of the /h/-phoneme as a symbol of the social divide in some English-speaking territories.
Medieval poems dedicated to the celebration and praise of our Mother Virgin Mary
Authors: De estudios ingleses Revista alicantina , Alonso Navarro José Antonio
Published: April 2016

Medieval poems dedicated to the celebration and praise of our Mother Virgin Mary
Teaching culture: is it possible to avoid pragmatic failure?
Authors: Fernández Amaya Lucía
Published: April 2016

The main purpose of learning a second language is communication. Nevertheless, many students are surprised when they realise that, in spite of having a perfect dominion of the L2 grammar rules, they have difficulties at interpersonal level when establishing a conversation with native speakers. Thus, pragmatics constitutes a fundamental element of language ability for L2 learners. However, L2 teachers often overlook pragmatics, due to the difficulty of its teaching, and instead focus on the grammatical aspects of language. The resulting lack of pragmatic competence on the part of L2 students can lead to pragmatic failure and, more importantly, to a complete communication breakdown. In this paper, several examples are used to illustrate how pragmatic failures affect the interpretation of messages and sometimes block communication completely, thus defeating the principal purpose of L2 acquisition. Finally, guidance is provided to encourage teachers to incorporate the necessary pragmatic and cultural aspects of L2 learning into their lessons in order to prevent students from making these types of mistakes.
Manufacturing racial humor
Authors: Silva Villar Luis
Published: April 2016

The study of the scathing content of “¿Cómo se dice X en (language) Y?” jokes is compared to the cultural use of American Mock Spanish: i.e: “no problemo” expressions. Our study analyzes the collected corpora of Cómo se dice... jokes and organizes them by regional areas and content variation. If Mock Spanish relies on the apparent social weakness of Latinos in the US, Cómo se dice... jokes revile stereotypical characters and cultures recognized as inferior by Spanish-speaking joketellers. Our surprising conclusion is not that the telling of these jokes is bluntly reprehensible but that, with cruel accuracy, the laugh they produce helps us humans know the place we occupy in a predefined scale of stereotypical cultural bias.
A systemic functional approach to analysing and interpreting ideology: an illustration from French editorials
Authors: Caffarel Alice , Rechniewski Elizabeth
Published: April 2016

This article proposes a methodology for the analysis of ideology drawing on systemic functional theory and using as a case study two French editorials. Editorials - which offer an interpretation of key events intended to give an overall direction to the reader’s understanding of the world - are a privileged site for the construal of opinion and therefore for the analysis of ideology and evaluative language in journalistic discourse. In this article we undertake an analysis of appraisal resources and transitivity in two editorials from French newspapers of contrasting political orientation, Le Figaro and Libération, to highlight how they construe ideology through the foregrounding of particular patterns of linguistic choices. We will show how these patterns interact in the text to convey the ideology of each newspaper and to persuade the reader to adopt its perspective on the event (the kidnaping of two French journalists) and on the action/position that should be taken.
The case for prophecy: politics, gender and self-representation in 17th-century prophetic discourses
Authors: Font Paz Carmen
Published: April 2016

R It has been suggested that women prophets in the culture of seventeenth-century England represent the first significant group of women to establish the political authority of self-conscious female identity, and that as such they stand for a foundational moment in the development of modern feminist consciousness. This article argues that the political, religious and social upheavals in the English Revolution witnessed an unprecedented outburst of prophetic speech among women. As a result, women prophets forged a widely-read and persuasive literary genre which suited both their private and public concerns; at the same time, this venue allowed them to approach a sense of feminine writing away from the topos found in the Querelles des femmes, thus contributing to the formation of a prehistory of novelistic discourse. Focusing on the persuasive narrative of Lady Eleanor Davies, this article shows how prophetesses used a deeply personal rhetorical discourse which appropriates the voice and the manner of the Hebrew prophets of old. Many female visionaries understood themselves to be called by God to warn political leaders, and calls to prophesy and to intervention in the public sphere could take the form of anagrams, dramatic visions, complex dreams or carefully plotted exegetical commentary.
Manipulative rhetoric in 17th and 18th century sermons: aporia, the borders of reason
Authors: Garrigós González Cristina
Published: April 2016

It is my aim in this paper to explore the role of aporia as a rhetorical instrument that is used in religious sermons in order to manipulate the audience and try to convince them of a truth derived from the textual evidence of the Bible. In this context, aporia appears as a rhetorical figure by which the speaker expresses to be in doubt about a question, or presents an insoluble paradox or contradiction in the text’s meaning. I believe that the function of aporia in religious sermons has never been analysed as yet. To that extent, I will illustrate my thesis with three examples by John Donne, Jonathan Edwards and Laurence Sterne, three preachers who, faced with an insurmountable border – the necessity of explaining rationally the ineffable – recur to aporia in their discourses. It is my contention that the three sermons that I will discuss here exemplify what Derrida called the “plural logic of aporia” and show different ways in which the ministers can manipulate their audience to make them reach a certain truth, by convincing them of the impossibility to have access to that truth by themselves, therefore relying on the final authority of the Bible.
The role of pictorial metaphor in magazine advertising
Authors: Martín de la Rosa Victoria
Published: April 2016

Most studies on metaphor, in the wake of the work published by Lakoff and Johnson (1980), have mainly focused on its verbal component. Few scholars have attempted to approach the study of metaphor from the perspective of its non-verbal manifestations. Among them, I will mention Forceville (1994, 1996), who has done extensive research into the use of what he has coined “pictorial metaphor” and has provided an interesting account of it in the domain of advertising. In this paper, following the example set by this author, I consider a number of pictorial metaphors with some of the same guiding questions: What is the literal A-term? What is the figurative B-term? And what properties get projected from one onto the other? The concept of situational context (Fairclough, 1989) will play a key role when answering these questions. Finally, presuming that language is “an instrument of control” as claimed by Hodge and Kress (1993), I will try to uncover the persuasion exercised through metaphor (its inference patterns and value judgements) in the discourse of advertising.
Setting and agenda for English for academic and professional purposes in Spain
Authors: Stuart Keith , Botella Trelis Ana
Published: April 2016

This paper outlines the practical implications of the use of the term English for Academic and Professional Purposes (EAPP), a position originally taken by Alcaraz (2000). The article proposes an agenda for EAPP within tertiary level education in Spain. Firstly, we propose a methodological and theoretical linguistic framework for our EAPP classes in our engineering and business degrees, which takes the form of Personalized Learning and Continuous Evaluation and links our ideas about the nature of language issues in EAPP with a rigorous theoretical framework based on Hallidayan Systemic Linguistics. Secondly, we describe a methodology for Academic English based on corpus linguistic techniques, which involves the building and processing of a corpus rapidly so as to extract lexico-grammatical information that has direct application in the classroom. Thirdly, we suggest that English for Professional Purposes consists of interpersonal activities such as being able to negotiate effectively; conduct interviews and surveys; listen and take notes during meetings and presentations; communicate effectively on the telephone as well as with video conferencing technology; carry out oral presentations etc. Finally, we conclude this paper outlining the specific skills that would be needed by a teacher of EAPP.
Corpus linguistics and its aplications in higher education
Authors: Fuster Márquez Miguel , Clavel Arroitia Begoña
Published: April 2016

The aim of this paper is to review and analyse relevant factors related to the implementation of corpus linguistics (CL) in higher education. First we set out to describe underlying principles of CL and its developments in relation to theoretical linguistics and its applications in modern teaching practices. Then we attempt to establish how different types of corpora have contributed to the development of direct and indirect approaches in language teaching. We single out Data Driven Learning (DDL) due to its relevance in applied linguistics literature, and examine in detail advantages and drawbacks. Finally, we outline problems concerning the implementation of CL in the classroom since awareness of the limitations of CL is vital for its future success.
The collaborative approach in content and language integrated learning
Authors: Carrió Pastor María Luisa , Perry David
Published: April 2016

The specific knowledge that can be found in web sites provides a source of information which should be used by language teachers and content teachers to teach students both subject matter and language at the same time. In this paper, we describe the methodology followed in a still ongoing project in which content teachers and language teachers collaborated in order to design online teaching-learning materials which integrated subject matter and language tasks. We explain the criteria followed in designing and evaluating the different activities proposed in order to connect two subjects that have been traditionally taught separately and we provide some examples. Our main conclusion is that language teaching and content teaching can be successfully integrated. The activities proposed proved to be encouraging for both content learning and second language learning, reinforcing students' self-steem and collaborative behaviour in the classroom and online.
Adeline Mowbray, or, the bitter acceptance of woman's fate
Authors: Díaz Bild Aída
Published: April 2016

Eighteenth-century women writers believed that the novel was the best vehicle to educate women and offer them a true picture of their lives and “wrongs”. Adelina Mowbray is the result of Opie’s desire to fulfil this important task. Opie does not try to offer her female readers alternatives to their present predicament or an idealized future, but makes them aware of the fact that the only ones who get victimized in a patriarchal system are always the powerless, that is to say, women. She gives us a dark image of the vulnerability of married women and points out not only how uncommon the ideal of companionate marriage was in real life, but also the difficulty of finding the appropriate partner for an egalitarian relationship. Lastly, she shows that there is now social forgiveness for those who transgress the established boundaries, which becomes obvious in the attitude of two of the most compassionate and generous characters of the novel, Rachel Pemberton and Emma Douglas, towards Adelina.
Robert Nye’s Falstaff: A Remarkable Case of Creative Reception
Authors: Klein Holger
Published: April 2016

Among fictitious autobiographies as well as among historical novels, Robert Nye’s Falstaff (1976) is a special case in that it is not the autobiography of a historical personage, but of a dramatic character —who happens to be one of the most famous in Shakespeare, indeed in world drama, to be dictated by Falstaff to various amanuenses. After briefly discussing the sub-genre of fictitious autobiography, this paper will analyze the varied use of intertextuality, the tensions fabricated between the autobiographer and his helpers, and the critical thoughts and tendencies which Nye absorbed in preparing the work with particular emphasis on the clash between the Shakespearean intertexts and the diction surrounding it.
“Decipher its noises for us”: Understanding Sycorax’s Island in Marina Warner’s Indigo
Authors: Presley Erin M.
Published: April 2016

The Marina Warner’s novel Indigo, or Mapping the Waters (1992) explores the effects of colonialism on the islanders of Liamuiga and the Everard family through a complex retelling of Shakespeare’s The Tempest that spans over three hundred years. Much like the appropriative novels of Gloria Naylor, in which past and present blend and meld, Indigo also suggests that time is not linear in its development. The subtitle, or Mapping the Waters, positions a sense of place at the crux of Warner’s novel. Moving back and forth between the twentieth century and the dawn of the seventeenth century, the novel also shifts between London and the Caribbean, suggesting the global import of Shakespeare’s late romance. The scene, in the Burkean sense, influences the actions of the characters as they struggle to be heard in their respective settings. Language also affects the ways in which these characters come to terms with their personal histories. Ultimately, the novel seeks to displace the hopelessness of Caliban’s decree in The Tempest —“You taught me language, and my profit on’t / Is I know how to curse” (1.2.364-65)— by giving a voice to the people silenced by colonialism.
CLIL in the Foreign Language Classroom: Proposal of a Framework for ICT Materials Design in Language-Oriented Versions of Content and Language Integrated Learning
Authors: Fernández Fontecha Almudena
Published: April 2016

A shortage of materials and guidelines that link CLIL theory to classroom practice has been reported in research about the European context. In all versions of CLIL implementation, the sequence of non-linguistic contents should be the point of departure for the sequence of linguistic contents. However, the teacher’s previous work to materials delivery will differ depending on the particularities of each possible CLIL scenario. In content-oriented versions of CLIL, the non-linguistic contents are already set in the official curriculum. In language-oriented versions, the language teacher has to define the sequence of non-linguistic contents by preserving the objectives of the foreign language curriculum. This paper describes the Content and Language Processing Sequence (CLPS), a tool devised for supporting the selection of non-linguistic contents, the treatment of the language component, and the design of ICT materials in a CLIL model for the foreign language classroom.
The Fallacy of Informed Consent: Linguistic Markers of Assent and Contractual Design in Some E-User Agreements
Authors: Brunon-Ernst Anne
Published: April 2016

Orthodox contract law theory assumes that parties agree to the terms of a contract before entering into an agreement. However, recent factual evidence points towards the fact that consumers do not systematically read, and thus become informed of, the terms of a contract. Academics are asking for mandatory frameworks to ensure that informed consent is indeed sought and given by parties to a contract. The present study looks into the user agreements of four online companies that provide a marketplace for the sale of goods or free provision of services by other sellers and/or users (Ebay, Tripadvisor, YouTube and Amazon). The aim is firstly to identify the lexical/textual markers and peri-textual features of agreement in order to highlight the fallacy of informed consent. Secondly, the paper lists textual and peri-textual alternative contractual design (here called counter-design) in online user agreement. In so doing, contractual design features are distinguished from nudges. Suggested counter-design features help make informed consent effective.
Changing with the Times: The Evolution of Plain Language in the Legal Sphere
Authors: Williams Christopher
Published: April 2016

As is well known, the Plain language movement has been influential in a number of areas of public life over the last few decades. Within the legal sphere it has raised general awareness concerning the need to make legal matters and legal documents more comprehensible and accessible to non-experts, particularly in today’s digitalized world where information is freely available to the general public. In this paper my aim is to provide an overview of the way the Plain language movement has evolved in the legal sphere since the 1970s. In particular, I will highlight the following points: (1) the reasons why the Plain language movement came into being; (2) the major successes of plain language in the legal sphere over the last 40 years; (3) the areas where legalese still predominates, and the reasons for the resistance to change; and (4) the way the Plain language movement has adapted to the digitalized world and the implications for future development. My observations will be mainly restricted to the English-speaking world, including international organizations where English is one of the official languages, but I will occasionally make reference to other plain language organizations outside the English-speaking world where this seems relevant. I also provide a list of the major organizations involved in promoting plain language in English in the legal sphere today as a reference guide.
Canzonieri spagnoli popolareggianti conservati a Roma (III): il Ms. Corsini 970
Authors: Marini Massimo
Published: April 2016

Il Ms. Corsini 970 (olim 44.A.21) conservato all’Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei fornisce interessanti spunti di riflessione sui rapporti letterari fra Spagna e Italia in età tardorinascimentale e barocca. Confezionato con ogni probabilità a Roma, in seno alla corte del cardinal Ascanio Colonna tra la fine del xvi e gli inizi del XVII secolo, risulta nel suo insieme inedito. È costituito da un totale di 137 testi, di cui alcuni sono componimenti di tipo tradizionale, romances, quintillas e redondillas. Il componimento qui preso in esame, la Carta General de amor de Gaetán, è stato attribuito sia al Vicentino a che a Vozmediana, famoso per la traduzione della prima parte delle novelle di Giraldi Cinzio (Toledo, 1590).
Adaptación de los estudios de Enfermería al Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior
Authors: Maciá Soler Loreto , Carratalá Munuera Concepción
Published: April 2016

Editorial: Adaptación de los estudios de Enfermería al Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior.
Recomendación de pomada anestésica EMLA en la punción a pacientes sometidos a hemodiálisis periódica
Authors: Maciá Soler Antonia , Pina Romero José Aurelio
Published: April 2016

Introducción. El objetivo del este estudio es justificar la recomendación del uso de pomada anestésica eficaz para minimizar el dolor de la punción en pacientes sometidos a Hemodiálisis (HD) del Hospital General de Alicante. Pacientes y método. Se trata de un estudio observacional descriptivo realizado a una muestra de 38 pacientes sometidos a HD periódica en el hospital general universitario de Alicante. Los datos socio-demográficos y de permanencia se recogen en cuestionario de elaboración propia. Para medir el dolor se utiliza la escala analógica visual (EVA). La recogida de datos se realiza por la misma observadora y se mide la intensidad del dolor en los mismos pacientes con y sin el uso de la pomada durante 3 sesiones recogiendo la intensidad del dolor y aparición de efectos adversos. El análisis de resultados se realiza mediante el paquete estadístico SPSS. Resultados. De los 38 pacientes estudiados un 71% son hombres frente al 29% de mujeres con una media de edad 56 años. El 63,2 % de los pacientes tienen una EVA observada por debajo de 4 y el 26,8 tiene una EVA observada de 5 o más. Sin uso de pomada la puntuación media de dolor es de 7.3333 y con uso disminuye hasta el 1.666. Conclusiones. Las diferencias en el uso de la pomada anestésica implican un descenso de percepción de dolor, del nivel medio-alto al nivel bajo. Se trata de una muestra pequeña que ha servido de pilotaje y no puede ser concluyente pero su efectividad y la ausencia de efectos secundarios recomienda su indicación.
Una mirada actual del modelo ecológico de Florence Nightingale
Authors: Germán-Bes Concepción
Published: April 2016

Introducción: La celebración del centenario de Florence Nightingale y la iniciativa de la Fundación Index de la lectura continuada en voz alta, nos ha permitido reflexionar en la obra “Notas de Enfermería”, cuyo objetivo se ha centrado en los contenidos ecológicos de la misma. Método: Realizamos un “análisis de contenido” del texto buscando lo ecológico y ambiental y se han contrastado con las posibles influencias o concordancia con autores de su época y con lo que son hoy los conceptos de salud ambiental relevantes. Resultados: Destacamos la preocupación por los temas de alimentación, en particular el consejo de tomar pan integral mejor hecho en casa, la higiene y la ventilación. En toda su obra hay numerosos consejos y prácticas para favorecer el bienestar y la recuperación de las personas con dolencias. Señalamos el énfasis que ella puso en la validez científica de los cuidados enfermeros, probados empíricamente a lo largo del tiempo y con frecuencia con mayor efectividad y menor riesgo que algunos tratamientos farmacológicos. Conclusiones: A pesar de los más de 150 años desde que se escribió, la obra tiene plena actualidad, hay que reconocer que fue una mujer muy informada y con pensamiento científico lo cual era extraordinario para una mujer de su época. El caso más semejante en España fue la obra de la liberal Concepción Arenal que escribió “La enfermera de pobres”. Por todo ello recomendamos la lectura de Nigthingale a las jóvenes generaciones de enfermeras.
El conocimiento y aplicabilidad de las nuevas tecnologías en el profesional de enfermería
Authors: Martínez Corbalán Encarnación Dolores , López Montesinos María José
Published: April 2016

Presentamos un trabajo de investigación cuyo objetivo principal se centra en identificar el nivel de conocimiento que tiene el profesional de Enfermería acerca de las Nuevas Tecnologías, y la relación que se establece con determinadas características demográficas y laborales de la muestra, así como su opinión acerca de la aplicabilidad de las Nuevas Tecnologías en Enfermería. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, incidental y concurrente, de una muestra (N = 45) de profesionales de enfermería procedente de dos centros hospitalarios, público y privado, de la Región de Murcia, utilizando como instrumento de medición una encuesta de opinión, validada previamente mediante pretest, con el objetivo de recoger la máxima información acerca del tema que nos ocupa. Los resultados obtenidos apuntan a que, actualmente, los profesionales de enfermería manejan las Nuevas Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (NTICS) a pesar del sistema organizativo laboral que dificulta la posible formación continuada, así como la sobrecarga de trabajo, sin una formación previa, estableciéndose una relación entre el conocimiento, nivel de aplicabilidad y determinadas características sociodemográficas de la muestra. Nuestras conclusiones presentan a un profesional que demanda formación en el campo de las TICS, tiene dificultad para aplicarlas ante las cargas de trabajo que encuentra cotidianamente, y utiliza las nuevas tecnologías para su formación, consciente de lo que le aporta, y por la rapidez en los resultados esperados y actualización de sus contenidos.