bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cytologic and immunohistochemical characterization of a lung carcinoid in a dog
Authors: Choi Ul Soo , Alleman A. Rick , Choi Ji‐Hye , Kim Hyun Wook , Youn Hee‐Jeong , Lee Chang Woo
Published: June 2008

Abstract: An 11‐year‐old neutered male Yorkshire Terrier was presented to the Haemaru Referral Animal Hospital with a history of unresponsive tracheal collapse and an incidental finding of a lung nodule in the left caudal lung lobe on radiography. Thorough physical examination and imaging studies revealed no other masses. Cytologic examination of C‐arm mobile fluoroscopy‐guided fine‐needle aspirates revealed numerous free nuclei and a low number of small round cells with moderate to abundant pale basophilic cytoplasm. Some cells contained indistinct basophilic granules in their cytoplasm, and extracellular pink material was noted. A caudal lung lobectomy was performed, and histologic evaluation of the mass revealed round to polygonal cells with abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm and round nuclei with mild anisokaryosis and 0–3 mitotic figures per high‐power field. Cells were arranged in packets separated by fine fibrovascular stroma, suggestive of a pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasm, specifically a carcinoma/carcinoid. The cells were immunoreactive for chromogranin A and neuron‐specific enolase, and negative for cytokeratin, synaptophysin, calcitonin, thyroglobulin, parathyroid hormone, CD79a, light lambda, and vimentin. With these findings the tumor was diagnosed as a primary lung carcinoid. Eleven months after resection, there was no evidence of tumor regrowth or metastasis. The absence of necrosis, few mitotic figures, minimal pleomorphism, and benign behavior of this tumor resembled those of a typical carcinoid in humans.
What is your diagnosis? Cervical mass in a cat
Authors: Steinberg Jennifer D. , Keating John H.
Published: June 2008

Abstract: An 8‐year‐old female spayed domestic shorthair cat was presented for several months of weight loss, decreased appetite, and 2 bilateral, ventral cervical masses. Initial cytologic samples were interpreted as reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. Evaluation of subsequent mass aspirates revealed small numbers of large binucleated and multinucleated cells resembling Reed–Sternberg cells admixed with more numerous small and intermediate‐sized lymphocytes. In histopathologic sections, the normal architecture of the lymph node was largely effaced by a slightly heterogeneous mass composed of round cells arranged in densely cellular sheets with a minor population of large (25‐μm diameter) mononuclear cells and a few very large (30–40‐μm diameter) binucleated or multinucleated cells interpreted as Reed–Sternberg‐like cells. Immunohistochemically, the large neoplastic (Reed–Sternberg‐like) cells were negative for CD18, CD3, CD20, and CD79a while the background population consisted of about 70% T cells and 30% B cells. This pattern of immunohistochemical staining along with cytologic and histopathologic findings supported a diagnosis of Hodgkin's‐like lymphoma, specifically, the lymphocyte‐rich subtype. Hodgkin's‐like lymphoma has been reported previously in cats and should be suspected when Reed‐Sternberg‐like cells are observed in cytologic preparations of lymph node aspirates. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry are necessary for a definitive diagnosis.
Hematologic, biochemical, and protein electrophoretic values in captive tawny owls (Strix aluco)
Authors: Spagnolo Valentina , Crippa Valentina , Marzia Amelia , Alberti Isabella , Sartorelli Paola
Published: June 2008

Background: The tawny owl (Strix aluco) is a protected species in Italy. Orphaned, injured, and ill owls often are sheltered and treated in rehabilitation centers, where hematologic and biochemical analyses would be helpful to evaluate and monitor the status of their health.

Objectives: The major aim of this work was to assess hematologic and biochemical constituents together with protein electrophoretic fractions in healthy tawny owls. In addition, we compared laboratory methods for determining hemoglobin (Hgb), total protein, and albumin concentrations.

Methods: Heparinized blood samples were collected from 10 clinically healthy adult captive tawny owls between March 2001 and November 2003 for CBC, routine biochemical analysis, and protein electrophoresis. Alternate methods for Hgb (estimation as HCT÷3 vs spectrophotometry), total protein (biuret vs refractometry), and albumin (bromcresol green vs electrophoresis) concentrations were compared in 34 samples from 16 unhealthy adult owls and 8 nestlings.

Results: Results were reported as mean, median, and range (minimum–maximum). Significant differences and poor concordance were observed between methods for Hgb, total protein, and albumin.

Conclusions: Hematologic and plasma biochemical values in captive tawny owls may be useful in evaluating and monitoring the health of this species in captivity.
Dendritic cell leukemia in a Golden Retriever
Authors: Allison Robin W. , Brunker Jill D. , Breshears Melanie A. , Avery Anne C. , Moore Peter F. , Affolter Verena K. , Vernau William
Published: June 2008

Abstract: An 8‐year‐old castrated male Golden Retriever was evaluated for decreased appetite, lethargy, and labored breathing of 1‐week duration. Bilateral pulmonary infiltrates, hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly were present. Results of a CBC revealed marked leukocytosis (62,600/μL; reference interval 4000–15,500/μL) and large numbers of atypical cells (30,700/μL) with abundant cytoplasm. There was no concurrent anemia, neutropenia, or thrombocytopenia. Morphology of the atypical cells was most consistent with a histiocytic origin. Similar cells were identified in bone marrow aspirates, and were morphologically suggestive of the macrophage variant of disseminated histiocytic sarcoma. However, flow cytometry of the abnormal circulating cells revealed CD1c, CD11c, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class II expression without expression of CD11d or lymphoid markers, consistent with myeloid dendritic antigen‐presenting cells. At necropsy, the splenic architecture was effaced by neoplastic histiocytes that were also infiltrating lung, liver, an abdominal lymph node, myocardium, an bone marrow. Immunohistochemistry of the splenic neoplastic cells confirmed dendritic cell origin (CD1c+, CD11c+, MHC II+, no expression of CD11d and lymphoid markers). To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of canine dendritic cell leukemia—in this instance accompanied by marked tissue infiltration.
Storage and Possession of Place
Authors: Finrow Gunilla
Published: June 2008

“Any house needs places for storage and the display of possessions. Things that we possess accumulate with the years and often come to symbolize the memory of a time; of an event. These things stimulate the memory, form a connection with the past, measure the years and punctuate them. The magic of attics has to do with the attic being a container for memories and pasts; a place to save the things to which we attach meaning.

We need places to express ourselves which are accessible daily, visually and sensorially. Desktops, shelves, window sills, benches, nooks, hutches, surfaces.

Just as importantly, we need proximate larger storage areas where we can store boxes bulging with trivia and mementoes which evoke a nostalgia and remembrance of other times where we can store the old, cumbersom quilt of our grandmother that we intend to patch and use (it's unimportant whether we ever do), where we store our old dolls that we say we'll give to our grandchildren but maybe can never quite part with.”
Charles Martin Meister: Decorative Painter in Texas
Authors: Harwood Buie
Published: June 2008

Culturally and historically, the significance and scope of Meister's work is extremely important in the State of Texas. He exhibits the characteristics of a German background, responds to a color palettety pical of the time and area, and evidences designs the prallel the Victorian taste. It is rare to find such an extensive amount of work by one person remaining after so long a period of time. Artifacts in good condition are generally scarce. The opportunity to document the artifacts is valuable and greatly enhances the understanding of a previous culturalera. On a personal basis, the enjoyment can not be measured.“Ornament … is that which beautifies and renders objects pleasing and delightful; but what is beauty? and whence does it arise? Beauty is that quality of a n object which causes delight, gladsomeness, or satisfaction to spring up within the beholder, or induces a thrill of delight in the soul: it arises from the absence of any want, and the presence of that which gratifies.”
Housing Types in Webster County, Nebraska 1870–1920
Authors: Skjelver Mabel R.
Published: June 2008

The first settlers arrived in Webster County, Nebraska in the spring of 1870. In recent years due to the current recognition of the early writings of Willa Cather (1873–1947), Webster County has come to stand as the prototype of the pioneer settlement of the plains. However, a casual look by the traveler at other Nebraska locations indicates that housing in Webster County is typical of early housing in other parts of the state. The original study of Webster County housing was partially funded by the Nebraska State Historical Society, The Center for Great Plains Studies and the patrons of the Webster County Historical Museum.
Creative Art and Custom Interior Design in the 80's
Authors: Miles E. P.
Published: June 2008

Traditional computer art uses controlled pens or vector graphics displays. However, the author generates artistic designs in rectangular grids with color at given positions determined by mathematical functions or processes. Comments at presentations of such graphics to varied audiences support their applicability to design of floor or wall coverings, draperies, upholstery, graphic arts, needlepoint, etc. With suitable marketing and manufacturer interface arrangements, interior design using these methods becomes feasible for items manufactured under digital control. For such design done traditionally, digitization is needed before production. A designer with cooperating manufacturers could do as automobile dealers do on customer orders. A micro–computer could create, store and display in alternate colors various patterns until individual customer tastes are satisfied. Digitized specifications for production of the rug, fabric, or other selected material could then go with the order. Present software also allows keyboard creation and storage of patterns by the designer. Computer controlled manufacturing methods now operable could easily be adapted to use of such computer generated designs. Color art forms of artistic merit for bookcovers, illustrations, advertising copy, limited edition prints or posters could be marketed at lower cost using mathematically produced color separation techniques developed by computer implementation by the author.
Professional Viewpoints of Competencies for Interior Design Entry–Level Positions
Authors: Hernecheck Patricia J. , Rettig Kathryn D. , Sherman Michael R.
Published: June 2008

Sixty–three professionals in the field of interior design were asked about the importance of competencies for interior design entry–level positions and the importance of learning the competency at school or work. The forty competencies were chosen from areas that the Foundation of Interior Design Education and Research (FIDER) suggested for inclusion in a comprehensive interior design curriculum. Professionals in this study indicated that oral communication skills, furniture arrangement, space planning, and color theory were more important for entry–level positions in interior design than the technical competencies of lettering and line drawing, elevation drawings, use of technical drafting equipment, and freehand sketching. The respondents also indicated that history of architecture, perspective drawing, color theory, and lettering and line drawing were competencies which should be learned at school rather than in work experience.
Continuing Education: A Collaborative Effort
Authors: Fowles Dorothy L.
Published: June 2008

Continuing education in interior design has had a relatively short history. Professional organizations are still in the formative stages of developing their continuing education or professional development programs. Since AIA has had a longer involvement with continuing education for architects their successful program provides useful insights for interior design.

When developing individual programs one concern is with identifying appropriate topics. Programs are currently being designed and developed by several sources. Program quality controls include following CCEU guidelines, providing financial compensation and initiating a review process. Successful program implementation needs to address problems of participation, promotion and economic considerations as well as alternate modes of program delivery.

Collaborative continuing education efforts among interior design organizations is seen as an efficient and effective means to establish a clearinghouse of resources; to provide a basis for experimental programs; to initiate team efforts in developing, reviewing and sponsoring programs in the future; and to develop a tradition for life–long–learning.
Innovative Approaches to Teaching Residential Design
Authors: Kilty–Padgett Roberta , case F. Duncan
Published: June 2008

In order to generate a more real istic and up–to–date approach to residential design, an interior design educator and environmental design researcher teamed up to teach a senior level residential design class. This course emphasized innovative departures from previous teaching practice. Content innovations included energy conscious design, spec–built rather than custom designed housing, and multi–family residential design. Innovative teaching approaches included role playing by students as members of design development teams, preparation of programming documents by students who analyzed behavioral aspects and activity patterns in response to environmental factors, and project review by staff of a design development firm in the process of building a multi–family passive solar development.
Mantel Designs of Lewis Buckner, Black Cabinetmaker and House Carpenter (c. 1856–1924) of Sevierville, Tennessee
Authors: Blakemore Robbie G. , Rabun Josette H.
Published: June 2008

Lewis Buckner, a black cabinetmaker and house carpenter in Sevierville, Tennessee, constructed furniture and architectural details (interior and exterior) for families in this small Smokey Mountain community in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Six mantels from three houses are documented as having been constructed by Buckner based on the integration of corroborating evidence from written records, oral histories, and design analysis. This visual examination illustrates the commonalities between two family pieces (a mantel and dresser), for which the provenance can be well established, and the mantels as a means to establish the “authorship” of this black artisan; close agreement is revealed in the choice of motifs, arrangements, and methods of craftsmanship. Precepts of style are those of the late Victorian era.
Environmental Programming: Case Study of Using this Versatile Design Teaching Tool
Authors: Null Roberta
Published: June 2008

Environmental programming is a flexible design teaching tool that is appropriate for use in a variety of educational settings. It encourages interior design students to emphasize development of design criteria and analysis of client needs before they approach a graphic design solution. It also provides a design approach that may be used successfully in a traditional lecture format class by students who do not possess graphic design skills. The project incorporates three separate approaches to environmental programming. Following development of a detailed user profile and environmental setting, design criteria are formulated that would be: (1) supportive for the chosen user group in a specific physical setting, (2) facilitate or support a particular social process, and (3) meet the needs of a handicapped person.
A Test Method to Establish R–Values of Materials Used in Energy Conserving Window Coverings
Authors: Rymer Jeanne S.
Published: June 2008

A reliable test method was designed to measure the insulation value (R–value) of materials that might be used in the construction of interior window treatments used to restrict the transfer of heat. This method provides an accurate measure of just one factor by which such window coverings can be judged: heat conduction.

The test method is similar to the standard test method ASTM D: 1518–77, “Thermal Transmit–tance of Textile Materials Between Guarded Hot–Plate and Cool Atmosphere,” but provides more specifically appropriate apparatus and procedure calculation methods for interior window materials. After reliability of the procedure was established, 32 samples in six categories were tested. These represented a sampling of typical drapery and lining fabrics, window blind materials, battings, products currently marketed as “energy saving,” and other materials which are not presently used as components of window coverings.

This approach of establishing and using an R–value as the only measurement of effectiveness of an energy efficient window treatment can provide a standardized, easily established, quoted, and understood industry and consumer tool for the selection of effective treatments. Presently there is no industry–wide acceptance of a single test method for technical and consumer use.
The Effectiveness of Aluminized Impregnated Drapery on Window Energy Savings
Authors: Sherman Michael R.
Published: June 2008

Interior environments are directly affected by the transmission of heat energy through unprotected windows. At the point of transmission at the window plane, various methods of creating a barrier can be constructed to obstruct the energy transmission by modifying the air convection loops that pass in front of the window. Drapery is likely to be the most widely accepted and applied method of shielding the window. There are endless varieties of drapery fabric that are available for use for drapery construction. The drapery used in this research was “Meta–lon” aluminized drapery because of the advertised energy–saving quality. When tested in the Test Unit Controlled Environment (TUCE), the Metalon drapery provided a barrier for the transmission of heat to the interior air volume of the TUCE. The drapery displayed the ability to transmit less of the absorbed heat from the fabric than conventional drapery. As a result of lower heat transmission rates than ordinary drapery fabric, the air plane on the interior room side of the drapery absorbed less transmitted energy. Therefore, the natural convective loops that normally disperse the heat energy were cooler than those tested with the application of the conventional drapery. The use of the aluminum impregnated drapery can provide energy savings when combined with proper drapery management (opening and closing drapery at the proper time in the day according to needs).
Using Fiction to Suggest Regional Differences in the Ways Selected Antebellum Rural Americans Experienced their Domestic Space
Authors: McArthur Jan G.
Published: June 2008

The research for this article was undertaken to demonstrate how fiction can be used as a source in the investigation of the ways in which people in the past have used and felt about their domestic environments. Although scholars have published many books and articles concerning the stylistic characteristics and construction techniques of early houses and their furnishings, much less is known about how people lived in these environments. To date, most studies focusing on people's use of, and attitudes toward, their domestic space are contemporary. This permits the inhabitants to be interviewed and observed. To achieve a proper historical perspective, the investigation of differing uses of domestic space must be extended to the past. However, the scarcity of surviving information requires unusual resourcefulness in locating and interpreting relevant data. Fiction published during the period under investigation is a valuable source. These fictional descriptions can be analyzed in a variety of ways. In this paper the author has chosen to focus on regional differences in the uses of domestic space. This approach was suggested by the many studies which have been undertaken to determine regional differences in the stylistic characteristics of architecture and the decorative arts.
Quality Control: A Challenge to Interior Design Educators
Authors: Whiteside Ann , Rothgeb Terry , Congleton Craig
Published: June 2008

There is an increasing need to control the quantity and quality of interior design students entering the profession. A portfolio review initiated at the sophomore level has been introduced in an effort to improve the qualifications of the graduating interior design student at the University of Kentucky. This review is also perceived as a determining factor in making career decisions for the student. A first unofficial Sophomore Portfolio Review established the guidelines for interpreting the categories and presentation methodology for future reviews. Such a review process should impart earlier recognition of professional potential, produce high calibre graduates, and provide an enhanced reputation among design professionals.
Stencilling: Interior Architectural Ornamentation a Look at 1870–1930 with examples from Texas
Authors: Harwood Buie
Published: June 2008

There has been a significant amount of interest in stencilling over the last several years. Very little research and documentation have been completed on the subject, particularly pertinent to its use as interior architectural ornamentation. During 1870–1930, stencilling was used extensively, for the decoration of residential, religious, and commercial/institutional buildings. It was applied to walls, floors, and ceilings as a means of beautifying the room interior.

Trade publications of the time indicate that there were two types of stencilling in popular useage: 1) the block or solid stencil and 2) the outline stencil, also known as infill painting or pounce painting. Identification was made by design and method of application. Several jargon terms were used to describe the various kinds of stencils employed in the stencil process. Each designation clarified a different approach or purpose: Detached, Band, Divider, Binder, All–over, and Background. The success of any stencil project depended on the planning of the composition and the selection of the designs made by the artist, and close attention was given to published rules and guidelines.
Procedures for Identification of Design Attributes for Mental Hospital Treatment Units
Authors: Kroelinger Michael D.
Published: June 2008

This paper summarizes the purposes, procedures and results of the Environmental Design Research Project conducted at the Arizona State Hospital. This research was conducted to identify important attributes that influence the design of mental hospital treatment units, assess staff perception of these attributes, and confirm resident activities on existing wards. The field research was conducted to provide an empirical basis for the development of a performance–based design guide for designing new, or modifying existing, treatment units.

Environmental control, health safety and welfare, maintenance, and staff control attributes were rated “most useful” in the staff's evaluation. Personalization, orientation, and activity–related attributes seemed less critical, according to staff. In addition, observation research confirmed the activity patterns of elderly residents on two of the hospital treatment units.
Critical Thinking: Elements of Interior Design Theory
Authors: Eidson Patricia L.
Published: June 2008

Critical thinking is a dualistic concept that couples modes of designing with decisive theories of criticism. A model of intellectual understandings is proposed as necessary for criticism and the types of critics using this criteria arc reviewed. Theoretical and historical ideas that influenced changes in interior design and architecture are presented in a time–line context to illustrate the aspects of evaluating, interpreting and describing, which are parts of interior design criticism.
Computer Usage and Attitudes toward Computers in the Interior Design Field
Authors: McLain–Kark Joan H. , Tang Ruey–Er
Published: June 2008

A survey of ASID members was conducted in 1985 to investigate attitudes toward and usage of computers in the interior design field. A sample of 169 professional members was used for the analyses. The results indicate that designers with computer experience are more positive toward them than designers with no computer experience. Nonresidential designers also express more positive opinions than residential designers perhaps in part because they use computers more in their practice. Forty percent of the ASID designers were using computers; most of these were using microcomputers with IBM–PC being the most common brand. A total of 62% either have or are seriously considering buying a computer. Computers were used more for business and management than for design production.
Irving Gill: A Neglected Design Visionary
Authors: Bicknell Catherine
Published: June 2008

It is hard to know with certainty who influenced whom in the period of architectural ferment around 1910. There is no doubt that American architects received and perused progressive journals and portfolios from Europe. However, it is unlikely that Gill was significantly influenced by Adolf Loos. There is not even a chance that they met, and it is clear that the two architects built their first experimental works at the same time. What may have been the more formative influence that threads through the ideas of both Loos and Gill is the core of the Sullivan concepts that each man was able to develop and expand so similarly in design expression but so differently in their writings.

The strength and determination shown by Irving Gill in his own interpretation of pure form is surely a unique phenomenon. While around him the leading architects in California were indulging in Churrigueresque ornament, he held fast to his principles. This was a remarkable achievement when one considers his isolation from the pioneers of design in Chicago and Europe. On the evidence of his buildings and writings it is clear that he was a pioneer in his own right. Indeed, his writings may be regarded as a missing manifesto.
Study of Interior Design Continuing Education: Attitudes of the Profession
Authors: Fowles Dorothy L.
Published: June 2008

Attitudes about different aspects of continuing education in interior design were explored in a survey of 10% of the professional and associate members of the American Society of Interior Designers and the Institute of Business Designers. Over 50% of those receiving questionnaires returned them. The profile of the most frequent respondent was a designer who had been practicing for over 10 years (41%), was self–employed (43%), was classified as a senior designer/project designer (26%), worked in firms with less than 5 persons (51%) and with less than 5 designers (77%), and did mainly contract projects (47%). Furthermore, this profile indicates a designer with a Bachelor's degree in design (69%) who has not taken/passed the NCIDQ examination (66%), is 30–40 years old (35%), and is female (76%). Almost 65% of the respondents work in metropolitan areas of 250,000 or larger population. The majority indicated that they had not taken a continuing education course in the past 2 years–because of time and money restraints. Only 20% indicated that they were unlikely to earn CEU credit in the next year. The subject matter would be the single most important factor influencing a decision to take a course, but the presenter and the requirement to maintain licensing or certification were other important decision factors. A full–day or 4–hour evening time periods were the preferred course durations. Design practitioners, followed in order by technical trade personnel and design educators, were the preferred instructors. There was a strong preference for courses to be offered in the designer's community, at a classroom or conference facility, in conjunction with a chapter program, and preferably in March/April. A list of 49 course topics, divided into business, design, and technology categories were rated for interest: Seven of the top 12 topics were in the technology area, with lighting and color psychology at the top of the list. The results indicate that, in most cases, the professionals are interested in courses beyond the basic or core level.
The Furniture of Frank Furness
Authors: Orlowski Mark
Published: June 2008

Frank Furness (1839–1912) was one of Philadelphia's leading architects of the nineteenth century. Between 1867 and 1912, Furness and his office produced more than 400 known works, among which were some of Philadelphia's most important monuments. Although many of Furness’ buildings are no longer extant, the few which remain, such as the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts and the soon–to–be restored Furness Library at the University of Pennsylvania, have been preserved as precious artifacts of Philadelphia's vital history. Among these treasures of Furness designs are a desk and chair, and a bedroom suite in the Philadelphia Museum of Art collection. Along with the buildings, these pieces of furniture are documents of an extraordinary artistic talent, this paper describes the origins of Furness’ furniture designs and his method of composition.
Dental Office Design: Perceptions of Dentists in Texas
Authors: Schrock Janet M. , Cooper Gwendolyn J.
Published: June 2008

The design of the dental office can play a role in improving dentist/patient relationships. The design can also enhance dental services marketing efforts. This study was undertaken to determine the level of satisfaction of dentists in Texas with the design of their offices and to identify which aspects of dental office design needed further improvement. A two–page questionnaire was sent to a random sample of 199 dentists currently practicing in Texas eighty–six (43.2%) responded. The questionnaire asked subjects to evaluate the interior design of their offices. Results determined that as many as one–half of dental office relocations occur because of changes needed in the interior. Dentists do most of the interior planning for their own offices. Features of dental office design perceived to be in need of improvement were: planning of a staff lounge area, access for wheel chairs, and design of the office to be suitable for future plans. “Warmth” and “competency” were images dentists most wanted to communicate to the patient community, and most Dentists perceived a need for improved dental office design services.
Design Values of Differing Urban Resident Groups
Authors: Casebier Rodney A.
Published: June 2008

The purpose of this study was to determine which design amenities were considered important to residents selecting rehabilitated neighborhoods. Two types of neighborhoods were selected, each representing a different redevelopment method: the Individual Rehabilitated Neighborhood and the Redevelopment Corporation Neighborhood. A mail questionnaire containing 22 design items was sent to 600 households. A t–test was performed on the responses to determine significance. The Redevelopment Corporation Neighborhood residents were more interior design oriented, while the Individual Rehabilitated Neighborhood residents were more exterior and community design oriented. This led to the conclusion that residents select a neighborhood based on the person–environment fit.
Historic Research Methodologies for Discovering Black Contributions to the Building Trades and Decorative Arts
Authors: Carll M. Allison , Blakemore Robbie G.
Published: June 2008

Because of a lack of historical information on Black artisans in the building trades and decorative arts, this paper was designed to stimulate research in the area of Black craftsmanship. Past and current research efforts, methodologies, and sources available for analysis are presented. Focus is given to two categories of historical evidence—verbal (oral and written) and artifacts. Research of this type is deemed essential to our understanding of the Black contribution to American artistic evolution.
The Luminous Environment in Residential Designs by Bruce Goff
Authors: Anderson Georgina M. , Shroyer JoAnn L. , McKown Cora F. , Gustafson A. William , Robinson Willard E. , Gentry Stephen R.
Published: June 2008

The purpose of the study was to identify and evaluate the luminous elements and conditions in selected residential interior spaces designed by Bruce Goff, architect. Additionally, the study determined levels of client participation in the design process and satisfaction with the luminous environment. For a holistic examination of the luminous environments, the case study method was employed. The approach incorporated multiple sources of evidence, including archival materials, personal interviews, mailed questionnaires, lighting assessments, and photo–documentation.

The findings suggested that the design of the luminous environment was derived largely from the individual architectural and design characteristics of a project. Goff's abilities to capitalize on the variability of daylight and the emotive qualities of light were among his principal strengths. Also the findings revealed that, consistent with his advocacy of client involvement, Goff worked closely with clients during the design process. High levels of user satisfaction with luminous conditions may be related in part to active participation in the design.

“His work contains humor and wit, and engages the instincts no less than the mind; it has certainly moved far from Corbu's ‘magnificent play of (white) solids… under light’. He is uninhibited in his use of color, which he uses to create mood in accordance with his client's wishes, and he is a master of light [author's]. He uses reflected and water–dappled light to animate the daytime experience and glimmering firelight and sparkle to accentuate his spaces at night.” (Sergeant, 1978, p. 4)
Shoji and Related Architectural Elements: Their Structure, Applications, and Adaptations
Authors: Lee Kyung J.
Published: June 2008

Shoji. translucent paper panels, have been one of Japan's architectural features popularly adopted in American homes and buildings. They are made of a simple skeleton of thin wooden strips arranged in various rectangular patterns and framed by wider strips, over which rice paper is usually pasted. Today, shoji are well known as flexible screens which can be used as sliding doors, windows, room dividers, or space enclosures. They complement any decor, adding simple beauty and illumination to a room. In this article, the basic structure of shoji and related architectural elements are reviewed. Modern applications of shoji and American adaptations also are investigated.
Australian and U.S. Work Places: A Trade–Off Study
Authors: Canestaro Nancy K. , MacLean Ross G.
Published: June 2008

This study revealed several issues that should he considered when designing workplaces for different national contexts. The objective of the study was to determine whether differences between U.S. and Australian contexts affect the way employees engaged in similar tasks would prefer to set up their working environments, at both the workstation and organizational levels. Studies were conducted in the autumn of 1987 using “The Workstation Game” in several Australian institutions. The results were compared with information collected previously in the U.S. (1982–1987). The study revealed that national cultural differences were more important than either company type or job task similarities in determining workplace design preferences. Workstation furniture was the most important factor for Australians, whereas the U.S. groups placed greater importance on computer–augmented work tools.
Homelessness: An Interior Design Education Challenge?
Authors: Brent Ruth Stumpe , Phillips Ronald G.
Published: June 2008

Homelessness in the United States is growing at an alarming rate. Thousands of families and individuals have not achieved the basic need for shelter. This paper presents homelessness as a socio–environmental problem which requires the involvement of government, professional organizations, and the educational community. Evidence is presented of past activity and opportunity for future involvement of interior design programs.
The Colonial Revival House: Variations on a Georgian Theme
Authors: Hawn Arthur W.
Published: June 2008

The purpose of this study is to examine some of the characteristics of the Colonial Revival house. Descriptive data on domestic interiors and architecture of the style including plans and photographs are presented. Comparisons of examples to a historic building type are offered, and adaptation to contemporary demands are noted. The hypothesis that the Colonial Revival house plan was often based on the double pile form with central hall and that much freedom was exercised in devising variations on that form is supported. Contradictions between interior volumes and exterior appearances are discussed.
Attitudes toward Corporate Art Collecting: A Survey of Design Professionals
Authors: Waxman Lisa Kinch
Published: June 2008

This study was developed to assess the current attitudes in corporate art collecting. The sample population was selected from art advisors, interior designers, and architects involved with corporate art collections in the United States. The survey consisted of 15 questions addressing the motivation for collecting art, the contribution art makes to the workplace, selection of art, details for assembling a collection, and employee responses to art. The motivation to collect art focused on stimulation of the work environment, increased productivity and creativity, and concern for corporate image. The findings stressed the importance of the environment in enhancing employee satisfaction with the workplace. Ninety–four percent of the respondents felt corporate art collecting would continue to grow.
Task Lighting for the Work Surface: The Problem of Reflected Glare
Authors: Moran Walter J.
Published: June 2008

Some of the “qualitative” aspects of task lighting for horizontal work surfaces are examined. By means of graphic and photographic analyses of the cause and effect of reflected glare, the problems associated with the standard strip fluorescent task light fixtures are shown. Today's lighting designer is able to provide improved visibility in work environments through the use of a different concept of light source location using fixtures designed around the new compact fluorescent lamps, introduced in the 1980s.
A Quantitative Comparison of Graduate Programs in Architecture and Interior Design
Authors: Brent Ruth S. , Seidel Andrew D.
Published: June 2008

This article compares research activities and program specialities of 64 architecture graduate programs with 27 interior design graduate programs. The architecture sample was the list of schools in the directory of Architecture Schools in North America. The interior design sample was taken from the Interior Design Educators Council membership. The results indicate that there are more graduate programs, more areas of specialization, more graduate faculty, and more graduate students in graduate programs of architecture than in graduate programs of interior design. The study also identifies commonalities in program areas of specialization, research emphases, and scholarship. Implications of findings are addressed in the larger context of graduate education.
Southern California Professionals Speak Out: Textile Competencies for Interior Designers
Authors: Sondhi Lydia , Stanley Sue
Published: June 2008

A survey of professional members of two chapters of the American Society of Interior Design in Southern California was conducted to determine the criteria used as well as the textile competencies needed to specify textiles. Descriptive statistics were used, and the results indicated that appearance was the leading criterion followed by compliance with required codes and standards. Manufacturer labels were an important source of information for textile specification decisions. Identification of textile competencies centered around fabric characteristics and performance characteristics directly related to interior applications. Responses supported the importance of a strong textiles background for today's professionals. Academia is challenged to provide the appropriate coursework which should include components on codes/standards as well as application experience.

The results of this study point to the importance placed on a strong background in textiles by professional interior designers. Textile specification criteria, especially appearance and performance, rely on textile competencies for satisfactory choices. Label information is unusable for decision making if the designer does not comprehend the significance of the information due to an inadequate background in textiles. Responses from Southern California professional interior designers supported the importance of a strong textiles background. They look to academia for the acquisition of textile competencies. Textile coursework should include fabric characteristics competencies and performance characteristics competencies directly related to interior applications. Codes/ standards should be a component in textile coursework servicing interior design majors. Information regarding textile labeling should be important to the textile industry. Results indicate a clear call for more information on performance characteristics, specifically codes/standards. Though regulations vary by jurisdiction, an effort by the textile industry to provide comprehensive codes/standards label information would be helpful. The next step in this research is to contact colleges and universities that have interior design programs and determine the specific competencies incorporated in textile coursework taken by interior design students. By developing a comprehensive picture of designated necessary competencies and textile course content, the issues of lack of background, program deficiencies in textiles, and the overall feeling of a lack of adequate textile background can be addressed.
Teaching a Course in Environments for Special Needs
Authors: Stiffler Elizabeth
Published: June 2008

The purpose of this article is to share teaching methodology and course content for a course entitled Environments for Special Needs. This course is designed to help students develop knowledge of barrier–free specifications and space requirements, skill in designing for persons with varying abilities, and an awareness of human needs throughout the life cycle. Experiential learning through field trips, computer software, guest speakers, and simulation techniques add relevance to the subject matter.
Using HyperText to Create Design Programming Databases
Authors: Case Duncan
Published: June 2008

A recent information technology innovation that holds particular promise for use in design problem solving is HyperText. Within the context of a course on design methods, HyperText was used to create a programming database for an elderly retirement community. In this course students learned techniques and methods for collecting, analyzing, and synthesizing design information into a database of design guidelines. HyperText was used to assist in this process and to create an electronic programming notebook. Two strategies were employed for incorporating HyperText into the course, one that “automated” the creation of the database, and another that gave substantial “computer programming” responsibility to the student. Only the latter approach worked. This paper reports the results of this experience, illustrates different ways HyperText can be applied to design program databases, and examines different instructional strategies for incorporating HyperText into a course on design methods.
Threat–Based Definition of Health, Safety, and Welfare in Design: An Overview
Authors: Malven Fred
Published: June 2008

The health, safety, and welfare (HSW) of building users is generally assumed to be among the highest of priorities for every design project. Unfortunately, over the years, design educators and practitioners have had few factual and theoretical tools to transform this professional goal into reality. This paper addresses a partial solution to this shortcoming. First, it reviews a simple theoretical framework for defining relationships between public HSW and the designed environment, one emphasizing the potential “threats” posed by “components” of the built environment. It then cites and summarizes key literature related to each category of HSW threats. This combination of a fundamental body of literature and a theoretical framework with which to organize and act upon it should be an important contribution to enhanced HSW accountability in design.
Reducing Health Complaints in the Computerized Workplace: The Role of Ergonomic Education
Authors: Dainoff Marvin J.
Published: June 2008

Increasing pressure from governmental agencies and rising health costs are pressing those responsible for workplace design to be responsible for ergonomic improvements. Understanding the technical aspects of ergonomic applications can bring designers into the pivotal position of being able to specify changes in the office which favorably affect management's bottom line, and, at the same time, to a large extent, free the human beings who work in the office from major health hazards. It is, therefore, increasingly important that design education have an ergonomic component.
Dementia Health Care Facility Design
Authors: Winchip Susan
Published: June 2008

Alzheimer's disease and the related dementias have become serious public health problems afflicting approximately 5 million Americans (Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association, 1988). The design of health care facilities can play an active role in shaping and supporting human lives. A basic understanding of the behavioral characteristics of persons with a dementing disease is required in order to design a safe and secure physical environment. Behavioral characteristics of dementia most important to the design of the physical environment have been extrapolated and synthesized from the medical literature for this report. Planning an effective support environment requires consideration of several architectural elements and living areas. The criteria are applicable to a wide range of environmental types, from traditional nursing homes to special care units. This report is intended to increase awareness among educators, architects, and interior designers about ways the physical environment can serve as a therapeutic tool, supporting meaningful intervention for long–term care recipients.
Issues Facing Interior Design Education in the Twenty–First Century
Authors: Guerin Denise A.
Published: June 2008

This article explores issues to stimulate discussion about the future of interior design education. Systematic inquiry into international, educational, and design literature revealed recurring issues that the author predicts will have an impact on the interior design profession in the twenty–first century and, therefore, interior design education. Identification of these issues will allow educators to help prepare interior designers who will lead the profession in the future. These issues include professional identity, liberal arts foundation, interdisciplinary elements, international concerns, technology integration, and scholarship activities.