bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Family and Staff Cooperation in Early Childhood Special Education
Authors: Demiröz Kübra , Kayhan Nilay
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Early childhood is a critical period for supporting children's development. The role of families and the staff responsible for the services is crucial in supports to be provided in the development of children with special needs. In this study, stakeholders' cooperation processes were examined in the context of family-staff and staff-staff cooperation.
Method: The participants are 12 staff and seven parents at a special education center. The data of the study, which was conducted in the phenomenological design of qualitative research methods, were obtained with the semi-structured interview technique and analyzed with content analysis.
Findings: Findings were discussed under the titles cooperation experiences, family participation and needs, early childhood special education, staff, institution features, opinion and suggestions. Six main themes and 18 subthemes were reached.
Discussion: The findings of the study were consistent with the findings of the studies examining the cooperation process in special education services in the literature. Physical features of the institution, its operation in accordance with legal regulations and the staff's efficiency are effective in meeting families' needs of information and social support. Families need cooperation with staff expert in different fields in the process of starting education of children with special needs after early diagnosis and evaluation. The role of families and the directors and staff of the special education institutions are critical in maintaining the cooperation. Parents' needs such as information, social and psychological support must be met in line with the family participation. Family participation should be supported through accessible digital-based cooperation programs, professional skills of staff must be developed, and the physical features of institutions must be improved.
A framework for analyzing the most relevant indicators of ecohydrology in a changing environment
Authors: Guo Wenxian , Yu Long , Huang Lintong , Wang Baoliang , Wang Hongxiang
Published: October 2024

Human activities and climatic changes have altered the hydrological ecosystem of the Min River Basin and affected in-river biodiversity. In this paper, the year of abrupt hydrological change was identified using multiple tests, and the drivers of ecohydrological change were quantified in conjunction with the Budyko coupled hydrothermal equilibrium theory. Combined with ecological flow indicators (ecological surplus (ES) and ecological deficit (ED)) calculated based on discharge hydrographs and multiple hydrological indicators (ES/ED), the degree of river hydrological alteration in the Min River Basin was comprehensively evaluated, and its impacts on in-river biodiversity analyzed. The results of the study showed that: (1) according to the Budyko theory, the influence of human activities on the runoff changes in the Min River Basin reached 56.80%, which was the main influencing factor, followed by climatic factors (41.56% for precipitation and 1.64% for evapotranspiration); (2) dam construction has generally resulted in an increase in seasonal ES and a decrease in seasonal ED; (3) the combination of the ecological flow indexes with the ecologically relevant hydrological indicators not only reduces the redundancy between the parameters, but also reflects the essential hydrological information and ecological connotations, and is an effective method for evaluating ecohydrological mechanisms.
Health risk assessment taking into account N-nitrosamines’ concentrations in food products
Authors:   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya St., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation, Suvorov D.V. , Shur P.Z. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya St., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation, Fokin V.A. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya St., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation, Lir D.N. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya St., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation, Nurislamova T.V. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya St., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation, Subbotina D.Yu. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya St., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation
Published: October 2024

N-nitrosamines formed in meat products, especially during heat treatment, are potentially hazardous to human health. Smoked sausages are a product with a high content of N-nitrosamines, including those not regulated in Russia, which can cause health risks for population. The aim of this study was to perform health risk assessment considering ratios of N-nitrosamine concentrations in food products. The data on N-nitrosamines’ concentrations were analyzed using MS Excel and Statistica 10.0 programs. The relationship between these concentrations was evaluated using Spearman correlation coefficient. Parameterization of dependencies was carried out by regression analysis with evaluation of model significance by Fisher's criterion. Differences at the level of p ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Risk assessment was performed in accordance with the Guideline R.2.1.10.3968-23. Correlation analysis between N-nitrosamines in smoked sausages revealed a significant correlation between concentrations of NDMA and NEMA (rs = 0.77) and NDMA and NPyRA (rs = 0.81) at p < 0.05. The level of total carcinogenic risk (∑CR) derived from data based on calculated concentrations of NEMA and NPyRA was determined to be unacceptable for the adult population. It should be noted that the contribution to ∑CR value (11.0 %) is related to NEMA and NPyRA that are not regulated in Russia. Our study results support the findings of earlier EFSA publications indicating that not only NDMA and NDEA, but also other N-nitrosamines may form a health risk upon simultaneous exposure. Correlation and regression analyses allowed us to assess the concentrations of NEMA and NPyRA in sausages. Use of both these concentrations and actual NDMA and NDEA concentrations established unacceptable carcinogenic risk for certain consumer groups in case N-nitrosamines concentrations were above regulated level. The contribution of NEMA and NPyRA in ∑CR value was 11.0 %.
Preconception maternal exposure: Risk of fetal and infant losses
Authors:   Southern Urals Biophysics Institute, 19 Ozyorskoe shosse, Ozyorsk, 456783, Russian Federation, Sosnina S.F. , Okatenko P.V. ,   Southern Urals Biophysics Institute, 19 Ozyorskoe shosse, Ozyorsk, 456783, Russian Federation, Sokolnikov M.E. ,   Southern Urals Biophysics Institute, 19 Ozyorskoe shosse, Ozyorsk, 456783, Russian Federation
Published: October 2024

Safety of female personnel exposed to occupational radiation is still a topical issue of radiation epidemiology. Mayak Production Association is the first Russian atomic enterprise and women made a quarter of its personnel. Fetal and infant losses (FILs) that include stillbirths and infant mortality could be used as an important criterion for assessing the effects of maternal preconception (prior to conception) exposure. The aim of this study was to assess FILs risk among the offspring of female Mayak PA workers exposed to occupational preconception external gamma-radiation. A retrospective analysis was performed among 15307 children born in 1949–1973; mothers of 4880 of them were Mayak PA workers. FILs were analyzed taking into account sex of the offspring, period of their birth, nosologies, parental age, and dose categories of preconception exposure. Methods of non-parametrical statistics were used and calculation of relative risk was performed with 95 % confidence interval. In general, fetal and infant losses demonstrated no statistical differences, 44.5 for 103 in the main group, 38.7 for 103 in the reference group, χ2 =2.79, p = 0.95. A statistically significant increase of FILs, stillbirths and infantile mortality was detected among the offspring with only their mothers working at Mayak PA. Dynamics analysis established the period from 1949 to 1953, in which FILs, stillbirths and infantile mortality were higher among the offspring of exposed mothers. Statistically significant differences in the FILs structure were obtained for fetal death that was more often registered in the main group, 3.48 vs 1.34 for 103, χ2 = 7.54, p = 0.006. FILs risk among mothers working at Mayak PA aged under 20 was statistically significantly higher for girls, 2.42 (1.25–4.67), and for both sexes, 2.16 (1.37–3.4). FILs were associated with the dose range of preconception external gamma-radiation of mothers from 0.16 mGy to 3006 mGy. The study also established certain categories of preconception exposure of the ovaries with significantly higher stillbirth risk in the main group as opposed to the reference one.
Adolescent smoking as risk factor of decrease in adaptation resources of neutrophil metabolism in oral cavity and progressive recurrent bronchitis
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerova St., Kazan, 420012, Russian Federation, Pikuza O.I. , Zakirova A.M. ,   Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerova St., Kazan, 420012, Russian Federation, Vakhitov Kh.M. ,   Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerova St., Kazan, 420012, Russian Federation, Volanyuk E.V. ,   Kazan State Medical Academy – Branch Campus of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education «Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education», 11 Mushtari St., Kazan, 420012, Russian Federation, Rashitova E.L. ,   Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, 1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation, Pikuza A.A. ,   Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerova St., Kazan, 420012, Russian Federation
Published: October 2024

High prevalence of smoking among children and its early onset is an urgent problem in modern pediatrics. For proper health risk quantification, it is extremely important to understand and parameterize relationships between effects of adverse factors and physiological processes in the body, including the cellular level. The aim of this study was to analyze how tobacco smoking influences maladaptive changes in the mucosal immunity system of the oral cavity in adolescents and to assess kinetic trends in the clinical course of recurrent bronchitis (RB) in long-term outlook. The study included 92 patients with RB aged 16.8 ± 3.1 years. Two groups were created of them; the observation group was made of 64 patients, who admitted smoking as a habit, and the reference group included 28 people without nicotine addiction. The control group was made of 23 adolescents of the same age without any signs of the analyzed disease. Oral neutrophils (N) were selected as basic research material. N oxygen metabolism was registered by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (LDCL) in spontaneous (sLDCL) and induced (iLDCL) variants. Functional N probing was performed using opsonized zymosan (Σ) and and peptidoglycan from S. aureus strain Cowan. Concentrations of antibodies (AT) to glycolipid (GLP) (Re-mutant Salmonella Minnesota), Candida albicans and S. аureus were determined by ELISA tests. The analyses made it possible to detect a close relationship between levels of ROS generation by neutrophilic granulocytes and the immune components of anti-endotoxic immunity. Immune changes were not established to be universal in the groups of examined patients and were shown to reflect the specificity of destabilizing effects produced by tobacco smoke. A direct moderate correlation was established in the observation group between sLDCL indicators and the concentration of anti-candidosis antibodies (r = +0.59, p = 0.0382), which reflects the level of bacterial stimulation involving dysbiotic shifts in gut microbiota. A direct correlation was detected between levels of biocidal parameters of neutorphil granulocytes and anti-glycolipid levels (r = +0.64 p = 0.417).
Assessing the risk of negative effects produced by electromagnetic fields of cellular communication on the central nervous system of children and adolescents (Review). Part 2. Indicators of cognitive processes
Authors:   Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina St., Moscow, 119334, Russian Federation, Khorseva N.I. , Grigoriev P.E. ,   Sevastopol State University, 33 Universitetskaya St., Sevastopol, 299053, Russian Federation,   Academic Research Institute of Physical Methods of Treatment, Medical Climatology and Rehabilitation named after I.M. Sechenov, 10/3 Mukhina St., Yalta, Republic of Crimea, 298603, Russian Federation
Published: October 2024

This paper continues the authors’ review that dwells on modeling radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF EMF) and results obtained by measuring electroencephalography indicators, sensorimotor reactions, fatigue, work capacity, duration of an individual minute and the reproduction of a given rhythm in children and adolescents. Health risk assessment is always based on data obtained by either laboratory tests or epidemiological studies. This paper analyses publications that describe effects of RF EMF exposure, including Wi-Fi, on cognitive processes in children and adolescents as well as methodical approaches to investigating this exposure. However, there are few such studies; in particular, effects produced by Wi-Fi exposure on cognitive indicators of adolescents aged 14–17 years, were found only in two publications. Literature analysis has established that research findings do not always give an unambiguous estimation of RF EMF effects. The review covers the reasons for ambiguous interpretation of research results: a variable range of test-systems used for investigating indicators of cognitive processes; simultaneous analysis of single exposures including descriptions of ‘effect of improvement’ in indicators; changes in cognitive indicators registered for a group of children and adolescents in a wide age range. Nevertheless, most results give evidence of negative changes in attention and memory of children and adolescents. Given that, longitudinal studies are becoming especially relevant since they estimate changes in various indicators in dynamics, including those induced by changes in mobile phone use. The review highlights the relevance of comprehensive investigations with their focus on health outcomes of RF EMF exposure intrinsic to 5G technologies considering their global implementation.
Lipidomics in Periodontal Disease Research: A Systematic Review
Authors: Silva Carolina , Peixoto Francisco , Dias Isabel , Domingues Rosário , Viegas Carlos
Published: October 2024

Introduction/Objective:

Periodontal disease is a highly prevalent oral pathology
in the human population, which has a significant local and systemic impact. Currently,
multi-omics analyses, including lipidomics, are fundamental to obtaining an in-depth
molecular understanding of the individual. Lipidomics is dedicated to the study of lipid
species and their interactions in various health contexts. This specific multi-omics analysis
is important for understanding the alteration of metabolism and signaling in disease,
identifying biochemical markers, and potential therapeutic targets. This study aimed to
carry out a systematic review of the existing scientific literature on lipidomics in periodontal
disease and thus determine which molecules have already been analyzed and
their potential in this specific disease.

Methods:

This study followed the recommendations of the PRISMA 2020 methodology.
The inclusion criteria used were articles published in indexed journals between 2000
and 2023, written in English, and establishing an exclusive relationship about lipidomics
in human periodontal disease. The articles were searched in three different databases.

Results:

Considering the criteria defined, only six articles were selected and zed individually
in detail. In four of the six studies, differences in the lipidome of individuals with
periodontal disease were identified. Furthermore, phosphoethanolamine ceramide was
found to have potential as a diagnostic biomarker. Finally, the therapeutic potential of a
lipoxin A4 analogue was also identified.

Conclusion:

These results reinforce the need for future research in this area so that the
consequences of this disease on the lipidome can be identified.
Evaluating the Therapeutic Efficacy of Lactobacillus Strains in the Management of Ulcerative Colitis: An Overview of Recent Advances
Authors: Rezaei Shaghayegh , Ghorbani Elnaz , Al-Asady Abdulridha Mohammed , Avan Amir , Soleimanpour Saman , Khazaei Majid , Hassanian Seyed Mahdi
Published: October 2024

Ulcerative Colitis (UC) known as a sub-category of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) is a longterm
condition that causes inflammation, irritation, and ulcers in the colon and rectum. Though the precise
pathogenesis of UC is not fully understood yet, impaired immune responses and imbalanced intestinal microbiome
composition have been regarded as two main key players in colitis pathobiology. As conventional treatments
are challenged with limitations and side effects, finding a new therapeutic approach has gained increasing
attention. Probiotic bacteria with multifunctional health-promoting properties have been considered novel
therapeutic options. There is strong evidence indicating that probiotics exert their therapeutic effects mostly by
regulating immune system responses and restoring gut microbiome homeostasis. These results validate the rationale
behind the clinical application of probiotics in UC management whether prescribed alone or in combination
with conventional therapy. This article explores the pathogenesis of UC, concentrating on the influence
of immune dysregulation and intestinal microbiome imbalances. Also, it reviews recent in vitro, in vivo, and
clinical studies that have demonstrated the efficacy of Lactobacillus species in decreasing UC symptoms by
modifying immune responses, restoring gut microbiota balance, and promoting intestinal barrier function.
Unwinding the Threads of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as Cutting-Edge for the Management of Inflammation: An Updated Review
Authors: Dhiman Priya , Singh Sukhbir , Arora Sandeep , Sharma Neelam , Gulia Ritu , Kishore Ladli
Published: October 2024

Background:

Inflammation serves as a protective response to combat cellular and
tissue damage. There is currently a wide array of synthetic and traditional therapies available for
the treatment of inflammatory diseases. However, it is necessary to create a drug delivery system
based on nanotechnology that can improve the solubility, permeability, and bioavailability of
current treatments. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) are inorganic materials known for
their organised porous interiors, high pore volumes, substantial surface area, exceptional selectivity,
permeability, low refractive index, and customisable pore sizes.

Objective:

This review offers concise insights into the progression of the pathophysiology of
inflammation, as well as the inducers, mediators, and effectors that are involved in the inflammatory
pathway. This study focuses on the growing significance of MSNPs in the treatment of neuroinflammation,
inflammatory bowel disease, arthritic inflammation, lung inflammation, and
wound healing applications. This review also presents the latest information on the crucial role
of MSNPs in delivering herbal medicines for the treatment of inflammation.

Methods:

A comprehensive literature search was conducted for this aim, utilising the Google
Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases. A systematic review was undertaken utilising
scholarly articles published in peer-reviewed journals from 2000 to 2024.

Results:

The inflammatory mediators involved in the pathophysiology of inflammation include
platelet-activating factor, lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase, Interferon-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-
1β, matrix metalloproteinases, inducible nitric oxide synthase, nuclear factor-κB, prostaglandins,
nitric oxide, and phospholipase A2. MSNPs have the potential to be used in the treatment of
neuroinflammation, inflammatory bowel disease, arthritic inflammation, lung inflammation, and
wound healing. The investigation of the MSNPs of plant-based compounds such as berberine,
tetrahydrocannabinol, curcumin, and resveratrol has shown successful results in recent years for
the purpose of managing inflammation.

Conclusion:

This review demonstrates that MSNPs have a strong potential to play a positive role
in delivering synthetic and plant-based therapies for the treatment of inflammatory illnesses.
Influenza Virus Genomic Mutations, Host Barrier and Cross-Species Transmission
Authors: Xiong Wenyan , Zhang Zongde
Published: October 2024

Influenza is a global epidemic infectious disease that causes a significant number of illnesses
and deaths annually. Influenza exhibits high variability and infectivity, constantly jumping
from birds to mammals. Genomic mutations of the influenza virus are a central mechanism leading
to viral variation and antigenic evolution. These are crucial in facilitating the virus to cross species
barriers and cause human infection. This review summarizes the types of genomic mutations
in the influenza virus, their roles and mechanisms in crossing species barriers, and analyzes the impact
of these mutations on human health.
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Induced by Wumei Pills Improves Chemotherapy-Induced Intestinal Mucositis in BALB/c Mice by Modulating
the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Lu Dongxue , Ji Lijiang , Liu Feng , Liu Haixia , Sun Zhiguang , Yan Jing , Wu Hua
Published: October 2024

Background:

Our previous studies have found that Wumei Pills can regulate the intestinal
flora to inhibit chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis (CIM). However, there is still insufficient
evidence to confirm that intestinal flora is the main link in the regulation of CIM by
Wumei Pills, and its downstream mechanism is still unclear.

Method:

We first obtained the signal pathway of the intervention of Wumei Pill on CIM through
network pharmacological analysis and then transplanted the bacterial solution into CIM mice, combined
with Western Blot, HE, ELISA and other biological technology-related proteins and inflammatory
factors.

Results:

It showed that 97 kinds of effective ingredients and 205 kinds of targets of Wumei pills
were screened out and the potential mechanism of Wumei Pills on CIM may be the NF-κB signaling
pathway. In contrast with the control group, the results displayed that the weight, food intake,
and mice’s colon length were apparently decreased in the 5-Fu group, while the diarrhea score
was increased. However, FMT reversed this change, and the difference was statistically significant.
Additionally, FMT could improve the pathological state of inflammatory cell infiltration in
mice, reduce histopathological scores of colon and jejunum, decrease the expression levels of
IL-1β, MPO, TNF-α, and IL-6, reverse the activation of signaling pathway named TLR4/Myd88/
NF-κB and down-regulate protein expression, thereby exerting its anti-inflammatory activities.
Further experiments have found that FMT could reverse the decreasing of tight junction proteins
and mucins caused by 5-Fu, thereby repairing the intestinal mucosal barrier, and FMT could
also increase the content of acetic acid, propanoic acid, and butanoic acid in the feces of 5-Fu
group.

Conclusion:

FMT can defend the intestinal mucosal barrier integrality by increasing the content
of exercise fatty acids, and its mechanism may be in connection with its inhibition of TLR4/My-
D88/NF-κB signal pathway to relieve inflammation.
Assessment of microbiome signature for predicting prognosis of gastrointestinal cancers
Authors: Mehrabadi Shima
Published: October 2024

The gut microbiome has emerged as a crucial factor in the prognosis and progression of gastrointestinal cancers, though its mechanisms remain largely unknown. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the current research on the use of gut microbiome signatures as prognostic biomarkers in gastrointestinal cancers. We present an overview of emerging studies that explore microbial signatures as biomarkers for different gastrointestinal cancers, and explore the potential benefits and limitations of using these signatures as prognostic tools. Finally, we discuss how these microbial signatures can be harnessed to improve the detection, prevention, and treatment of gastrointestinal cancers.
A Review on Recent Synthesis and Diverse Biological Activities of Isoquinolone
Authors: Shamsujunaidi Ruwaida , Saaidin Aimi Suhaily , Mohammat Mohd Fazli , Pungot Noor Hidayah
Published: October 2024

Isoquinolone scaffolds are among the most important core structures of nitrogen heterocyclic
compounds, which possess vital roles in biological and physiological activities such as
anti-tumor, anti-microbial, anti-leukemic, anti-malaria, anti-dengue, anti-HIV and anti-bacterial.
Over the years, multiple studies have been done to synthesize these isoquinolone derivatives, and
several authors have reported on various methods and synthetic routes to produce the target skeletons
of isoquinolones. Therefore, many scientific communities have developed these compounds
as the intended structure and evaluated their biological activities. Thus, this review confers several
information on isoquinolone analogue synthetic strategies and their biological effects on mosquito-
borne diseases.
A Review of Analytical Methods for Microplastics in Soils
Authors: Liu Yuting , Li Jiafu
Published: October 2024

Microplastics (MPs), as an emerging environmental pollutant, pose a potential threat to
ecosystems and human health, and the study of their analytical methods has become particularly
important. In this paper, the current research progress of analytical methods for MPs in soil is reviewed.
The sources, ecological impacts and possible health risks of MPs are introduced, and the
urgency of accurate detection and quantitative analysis of MPs is emphasized. Subsequently, MPs’
analytical methods based on different principles, including visual analysis, chemical analysis, spectroscopic
techniques, microscopic observation, and mass spectrometry, are systematically outlined in
response to the wide range of sample sources and wide particle size distribution of MPs. For each
method, the advantages, limitations and scope of application are highlighted and evaluated, and the
directions and development trends for future improvement are proposed. The review of this paper is
expected to promote the continuous improvement and innovation of MPs analytical methods and
provide more effective technical support and scientific basis for solving the MPs’ pollution problems.
Study of Physical Mechanical Characteristics, Economic Viability, and Carbon Emission Impacts of Recycled Aggregate
Authors: Feng Zheyuan , Zhang Zhibo , Li Pengwei , Zhou Yu , Chen Cheng
Published: October 2024

aims:

The study aims to evaluate the viability of using recycled aggregate (RA) from construction and demolition waste (CDW) as a sustainable alternative to natural aggregates in concrete production.

background:

Construction and demolition waste constitutes a significant portion of solid waste worldwide, posing considerable environmental challenges.

objective:

To assess the mechanical properties and economic benefits of concrete made by substituting natural aggregate with recycled aggregate, and to understand the environmental impact through a lifecycle assessment of carbon emissions.

method:

The research involved analyzing the mechanical properties of RA, including density, water absorption, and crushing strength. A critical threshold for material efficiency was determined by substituting natural aggregate with RA in varying proportions. An economic analysis was performed to evaluate the financial viability, and a lifecycle assessment was conducted to quantify carbon emissions from concrete production to site transportation.

result:

Recycled aggregate concrete showed lower density, higher water absorption, and reduced crushing strength compared to natural aggregates. Optimal strength was achieved with a 40% replacement rate. Economic analysis indicated a favorable return on investment. Lifecycle assessment revealed that raw materials account for approximately 85% of total emissions in recycled concrete production.

conclusion:

Recycled aggregate is a feasible alternative to natural aggregate in concrete production up to a 40% substitution rate, offering significant mechanical, economic, and environmental benefits. However, optimizing raw material usage is crucial for enhancing the sustainability of recycled concrete.

other:

The study highlights the growing role of recycled aggregate in engineering applications and underscores the importance of advances in research and application methods to further integrate recycled materials in construction practices.
Chitosan–sodium Tripolyphosphate–CuO Biopolymer–nanocomposite as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Water Splitting
Authors: Raja Angel Grace , Arasu Kalai Arasi Selva , Rajaram Rajakumari
Published: October 2024

Background:

Fossil fuels have been used extensively as primary energy sources, which
has resulted in nearly depleted reserves, a contaminated environment, and a variety of negative
health effects globally. Hydrogen has been proposed by researchers as an effective “carbon neutral”
fuel. Large-scale hydrogen production through electrochemical water splitting necessitates the use of
inexpensive, extremely effective, and earth-abundant electrocatalysts.

Method:

In this study, chitosan–sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) nanoparticles are combined with
CuO nanostructures to produce chitosan–TPP–CuO (CT/CuO) nanocomposite. Chitosan–TPP nanoparticles
were first synthesized using the ionic gelation method. These nanoparticles were then extracted,
and CuO was synthesized in situ in polymer nanoparticles using a simple chemical precipitation
method. Chitosan and CuO are abundantly available and are environmentally beneficial materials.
The porous structure and open channels within the chitosan polymer matrix host the CuO
nanostructures, which promote electrolyte penetration, mass transport, and charge transfer, while the
metal-oxide nanostructures act as catalytic centers. The structural and morphological properties of
the CT/CuO nanocomposite were investigated using XRD, HRSEM, and HRTEM. The band gap and
functional groups in the material were measured by UV–Vis DRS and FTIR methods, respectively.
Elemental analysis was conducted utilizing EDS, HRSEM, and XPS. Thermal characteristics of the
CT/CuO nanocomposite were investigated using TG-DTA and DSC methods. Electrochemical techniques
were used to investigate the activities of HER and OER.

Results:

The XRD examination of the CT/CuO nanocomposite revealed semi-crystalline chitosan
peaks and a monoclinic CuO structure. HRSEM and HRTEM pictures indicated that chitosan–TPP
nanoparticles and CuO nanostructures were evenly spread and clustered to create a nanoparticulate
matrix. UV–Vis DRS indicated that the CT/CuO nanocomposite had a direct band gap of 1.702 eV.
The FTIR and XPS studies revealed the various bonds and oxidation states of the nanocomposite.
Thermal analyses demonstrated that the inclusion of CuO increased the thermal stability of the
CT/CuO nanocomposite. CT/CuO nanocomposite exhibited excellent OER and HER activity, requiring
a low overpotential of 444 mV and 379 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and -10 mA cm−2, respectively.

Conclusion:

Biopolymer metal-oxide nanocomposites could potentially be used as electrocatalysts in
water splitting, energy conversion, storage devices, sensors, and several other fields.
From Patents to Progress: Unraveling Gout's Journey Through Clinical Trials and Advancements
Authors: Bhadouria Vikash Singh , Verma Sushma , Agarwal Chhaya , Sharma Deep Shikha
Published: October 2024

Gout, an inflammatory arthritis form, is renowned for its historical association with affluence.
This review delves into its pathophysiology, exploring hyperuricemia, urate crystal formation,
and the ensuing inflammatory response. The epidemiology of gout is examined, focusing on
its rising prevalence and impact on public health. In this study, progress in gout management is
discussed, involving pharmacological interventions, dietary changes, and emerging therapies. Genetic
predisposition and triggers like alcohol, temperature, and diet are highlighted in this study.
Prevention strategies, including serum urate-lowering therapy and lifestyle modifications, aim to
reduce recurrent flares and complications. The inflammatory response in acute gout attacks is elucidated,
involving immune cells, cytokines, and the NLRP3 inflammasome. Chronic gout manifestations,
such as gouty tophus formation, are explored for their destructive impact on surrounding
tissues. Recent advancements in gout treatment, including nanotherapies and novel compounds,
are discussed, along with promising urate-lowering drugs. Cutting-edge research on zinc ferrite
nanoparticles, dimethyl fumarate, and myricetin/nobiletin hybrids addresses oxidative stress and
inflammation in gout. Additionally, the potential therapeutic role of methanolic leaf extract of Euphorbia
milii and tip-loaded CLC-Soluplus® MAPs is explored as natural and transdermal alternatives
for gout management. The review also covers the development status of new urate-lowering
drugs, providing insights into promising candidates and their mechanisms. Patents on gout and recent
diagnostic advancements using techniques like laser confocal micro Raman spectrometer,
FTIR, and THz-TDS offer a more accurate approach for gout stone analysis, enabling early detection
and targeted treatment.
A Comprehensive Review on Repurposing the Nanocarriers for the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease: An Updated Patent and Clinical Trials
Authors: Khan Sara , Haider Md. Faheem
Published: October 2024

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by the deterioration
of dopamine-producing neurons, resulting in motor impairments like tremors and rigidity.
While the precise cause remains elusive, genetic and environmental factors are implicated. Mitochondrial
dysfunction, oxidative stress, and protein misfolding contribute to the disease's pathology.
Current therapeutics primarily aim at symptom alleviation, employing dopamine replacement and
deep brain stimulation. However, the quest for disease-modifying treatments persists. Ongoing clinical
trials explore novel approaches, such as neuroprotective agents and gene therapies, reflecting
the evolving PD research landscape. This review provides a comprehensive overview of PD, covering
its basics, causal factors, major pathways, existing treatments, and a nuanced exploration of ongoing
clinical trials. As the scientific community strives to unravel PD's complexities, this review
offers insights into the multifaceted strategies pursued for a better understanding and enhanced
management of this debilitating condition.
Experimentally Investigating the Potential of Iso-Stoichiometric GEM Blends as a Drop-in Replacement for E50 in SI Engines
Authors: Shaik Farooq , Domakonda Vinay Kumar
Published: October 2024

Background:

Research on alternative fuels for internal combustion engines is crucial
due to climate change and energy security concerns. Ethanol-blended gasoline has been a popular
alternative fuel, but biomass limitations restrict its widespread use. Methanol offers a solution as it
can be produced from non-food sources, extending ethanol's availability.

Objective:

This study explores a ternary fuel blend consisting of gasoline, ethanol, and methanol
as an alternative to binary gasoline-ethanol blend. The objective is to investigate if the isostoichiometric
ternary blend offers equivalent fuel properties to E50 (Ethanol 50%, Gasoline 50%
(v/v)) gasohol while potentially enhancing engine performance, reducing emissions, and improving
combustion characteristics.

Methods:

A single-cylinder, four-stroke, port fuel injection spark ignition engine was used. The
engine was tested with three fuels: pure gasoline, E50 blend, and an equivalent iso-stoichiometric
GEM blends. Engine tests were conducted at constant load with varying engine speeds. Performance,
emission, and combustion parameters were experimentally measured and compared across
all fuels.

Results:

E50 and its equivalent blends improved brake thermal efficiency but increased brake specific
fuel consumption compared to gasoline. It significantly reduced unburned hydrocarbon and
carbon monoxide emissions but slightly increased nitrogen oxide emissions.

Conclusion:

Formulated E50 equivalent blends have identical air to fuel ratio, lower heating values
as conventional binary E50 gasoline-ethanol blends. The study suggests that iso-stoichiometric
GEM blends have the potential to be a viable alternative drop-in fuel for E50 in internal combustion
engines. The future advancements in GEM blends, particularly in optimizing ratios, could lead
to patentable inventions.
Recent Insights and Clinical Status on Novel Mefenamic Acid Nanocarriers for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Tyagi Sunayana , Pande Milind Sharad , Islam Mojahidul
Published: October 2024

Joint structure and performance can be compromised by the systemic inflammatory disorder rheumatoid
arthritis, which destroys articular cartilage and erodes periarticular bone. However, due to their systemic
processes, short half-lives, and poor bioavailability, the anti-inflammatory medicines and biological
agents now utilized for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are unable to preferentially target inflamed
joints. Anti-inflammatory medicines have made use of nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery methods. The role
that inflammation plays in the genesis of disease has had far-reaching repercussions, including its ability to
influence the development of disorders as diverse as inflammatory bowel disorder, RA, and osteoarthritis. In
the treatment of RA, nanomaterials have the potential to both increase the absorption of the medication and
selectively target the damaged joint tissue. Designer nanoparticles now have the ability to engage more thoroughly
with their biological targets and a wider variety of diseases. These nanoparticles have a comparable
size range and surface properties that can be modified. In this review, we have discussed the progress that has
been made and the hurdles that remain in the use of nanomaterials in the treatment of RA, specifically in
relation to mefenamic acid.
Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes: An Advanced Tool with Enhanced Biomedical Attributes
Authors: Kataria Tanushka , Bose Sujit , Kalia Shruti , Chalotra Vishal , Mishra Vijay , Kaur Gurleen , Tyagi Ankit
Published: October 2024

Background:

The drug delivery system is revolutionized by nanoparticles, an essential
component of nanotechnology, exhibiting an ultra-small size, large surface area to mass ratio, and
high reactivity, different from bulk materials having the same composition. Various types of nanoparticles
include liposomes, neosomes, micelles, carbon-based, etc. The most useful among them
are carbon nanotubes because of their distinct optical, electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties
and their architectures. Furthermore, the carbon nanotubes could either be single-walled or
multiple-walled, based on the number of graphene sheets rolled. Like any other technique, these
come with many limitations, including their tendency of hydrophobicity, insolubility, bundling together,
low dispersibility, and, majorly toxicity.

Objective:

In this review, the main objective is to update the applications of functionalized carbon
nanotubes as drug delivery systems in various therapies.

Methods:

Functionalization came into being to solve the mentioned disabilities. Functionalization
could be covalent as well as non-covalent. As a result, functionalized carbon nanotubes have
shown improvement in mentioned drawbacks.

Conclusion:

Now, the above-said functionalized carbon nanotubes have achieved bigger objectives
with a better approach than conventional carbon nanotubes in the field of drug delivery systems.
Machine Learning Empowered Breast Cancer Diagnosis: Insights from Coimbra Dataset Analysis
Authors: Tiwari Manish , Singh Nagendra , Mewada Arvind , Ansari Mohd. Aquib
Published: October 2024

Aim:

The aim of this work is to succinctly communicate the key aspects of a research
study on breast cancer. This includes highlighting the global impact and prevalence of
breast cancer, emphasizing the challenges of early diagnosis, discussing the potential of technological
advancements, and showcasing the role of machine learning algorithms in the context
of liver cancer diagnosis.

Background:

Cancer, notably breast cancer, represents a global health challenge, claiming a
significant toll with 12.5% of new cancer cases annually. The prevalence of breast cancer
among women worldwide is alarming, resulting in 2.26 million incidents and the unfortunate
loss of 685,000 lives.

Objective:

This article focuses on the critical aspect of early breast cancer diagnosis, acknowledging
its heightened difficulty in developing nations compared to developed counterparts. The
potential for advancements in technology to serve as a beacon of hope lies in early identification
and timely treatment, offering salvation to numerous women and significantly elevating
survival chances.

Method:

In this intricate landscape, machine learning algorithms, particularly in diagnosing
liver cancer at its nascent stages, emerge as instrumental tools. The study employs the latest
Coimbra dataset, encompassing nine key attributes and a binary classification attribute, with
values 1 and 2 signifying benign and malignant cases, respectively.

Result:

Supervised machine learning algorithms, including Bayes net, multilayer perceptron,
IBK, random committee, and random tree, are meticulously applied. Certain models exhibit
superior accuracy, precision, recall, and performance, positioning them as promising cornerstones
for breast cancer analysis.

Conclusion:

This structured abstract highlights the urgent need for effective screening and
prevention strategies, emphasizing the potential of advanced technology and machine learning
algorithms to play a pivotal role in the early detection and analysis of breast cancer, offering
hope for improved outcomes and survival rates.
Sunlight Resurgence in the COVID-19 Era: A Review on Health-risk Dualities via Ayurveda and Conventional Science Perspectives
Authors: Rai Shalini , Nesari Tanuja , Rath Gayatri , More Anand , Tripathi Richa
Published: October 2024

With the advent of COVID-19, numerous scientific studies from different parts of the world
emerged, documenting the beneficial effects of sunlight on decreasing transmittance, morbidity, and
mortality due to COVID-19. Research also highlighted the beneficial effects of sunlight in terms of
antimicrobial, antiviral effects, and vitamin D production and its role in improving immunity and decreasing
mortality due to COVID-19. Along with this, also resurfaced the debate on the hype of the
above-mentioned and other positive attributes and the negative attributes of sunlight in terms of causing
skin cancer and aggravation of certain other disease conditions. This article revisits the scientific and
historical evidence in the context of sunlight and presents an interdisciplinary, integrative perspective,
including Ayurveda and conventional science, for the evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages
and contemplation regarding the application of sunlight exposure in health care.
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Associated with COVID-19-PIMS-grade 3: A Case Report
Authors: Narasimha G Lakshmi , Girirajasekhar D , Goudanavar Prakash , Budha Roja Rani , KoteswaraRao G.S.N. , Gowthami Buduru , Naveen N. Raghavendra
Published: October 2024

Background:

In the face of the rise of COVID-19, the multisystem inflammatory syndrome
in children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19 has been reported, and an increase in MIS-C
cases has been observed throughout the world. The majority of these cases were similar to Kawasaki
disease concerning clinical presentation.

Case Presentation:

Despite similarities, MIS-C cases present clinical and laboratory differentiation,
which makes it essential to portray similar cases worldwide to have a better consensus in the future.
A 7-year-old male child visited the hospital with the chief complaints of fever associated with chills,
rigors, and excessive myalgia for 3 days. He had a history of elevated high C-reactive protein (CRP)
of 42.7 mg/L. He was diagnosed with Paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS)-grade
3. Here, for the first time, we bring an Indian MIS-C case with COVID-19-associated Paediatric
inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS)-grade 3.

Conclusion:

PIMS-TS infection in paediatrics is associated with a wider range of complications, and
the importance of musculoskeletal complications in PIMS-TS has been discussed.
Nature's Pharmacy: Bioactive Components and their Role in Alleviating Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Hussain Sahil , kumar Arun , Singh Kuldeep , Arif Muhammad , Singh Deepshikha , Mohd. Mursal , Shukla Vani , Fatima Syed Kaynat
Published: October 2024

An essential pathogenic aspect of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the loss of bones, which ultimately causes RA patients' quality of life to diminish seriously. The main reason for bone loss in RA is an imbalance in bone metabolism, marked by the breakdown of bone through osteoclast activity and inadequate bone formation by osteoblasts. Contemporary medications somewhat diminish the process of bone deterioration, but there are still several drawbacks. Natu-ral medicines have several benefits, including a wide spectrum of biological actions and few side effects, making them a valuable source of new therapeutic compounds. They have developed in-to a hub for countless researchers to examine various diseases and provide healing medications. Natural medicine research for the treatment of RA has made impressive advancements in recent years. These natural bioactive compounds primarily contain terpenes, alkaloids, glycosides, fla-vonoids, and polyphenols. Most therapeutic natural bioactive compounds for the treatment of RA comprise the following: sinomenine, ginsenoside, icariin, paeoniflorin, triptolide, resvera-trol, and epigallocatechin-3-gallate. A quick summary of the mechanisms of action of naturally occurring bioactive chemicals that may be used as RA treatments is provided.