bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Z‐Score
Authors: Madsen Joshua W.
Published: January 2010

Z‐scores, also known as
standard scores,
represent a transformation of raw data that is typically expressed as “Something minus its mean divided by its standard deviation.” The “something” in this statement is typically either a raw data point within a set of observations or the observed mean of a sample of data. When such a transformation is applied to all observations within a data set, the first step of subtracting the mean from each individual observation has the effect of recentering the distribution at a mean of zero. Because dividing all observations within a data set by a constant results in the standard deviation of the distribution similarly being reduced by that constant, the second step in the transformation results in a standard deviation of 1 for the distribution of z‐scores. Thus, when a distribution of scores is converted to z‐scores, the resulting distribution is centered at a mean of 0 with a standard deviation of 1.
Lifespan Depression
Authors: Craighead Margaret C. , Craighead Benjamin H. , Craighead W. Edward
Published: January 2010

In the United States, the word “depression” refers to everything from a transient mood state (feeling down) to the clinically diagnosed disorder known as Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). In order to receive a diagnosis of MDD, a person must experience marked psychological distress as well as a decrease in cognitive and behavioral functioning. In addition, the two weeks prior to diagnosis the patient's life must be characterized by an almost daily occurrence of a dysphoric mood (i.e., sadness) and/or a loss of interest or pleasure in almost all activities (anhedonia). The individual must also experience at least four of the following seven symptoms nearly every day for at least a two–week period: (1) significant weight change or change in appetite; (2) insomnia or hypersomnia; (3) psychomotor agitation or retardation; (4) fatigue or loss of energy; (5) feelings of worthlessness or of excessive or inappropriate guilt; (6) decreased concentration or indecisiveness; and (7) suicidal ideation, plan or attempt (see American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Only three of the above additional symptoms are needed for a diagnosis if dysphoric mood and anhedonia are both present. Other mood disorders related to MDD include Dysthymic Disorder, Bipolar (Manic‐Depressive) Disorder, and Cyclothymic Disorder.
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep
Authors: Howland Robert H.
Published: January 2010

The two main phases of sleep are rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. REM sleep is often called dreaming (or D) sleep, because dreams are reported by about 70–80% of persons awakened during this period. REM sleep also is referred to as paradoxical sleep, because the brain paradoxically seems to be in an activated state that is similar to, but not identical to, the waking state. REM sleep is characterized by an activated electroencephalogram (EEG) pattern (low‐voltage, fast‐frequency brain waves), muscular paralysis (with the exception of diaphragmatic and ocular muscles), periodic bursts of rapid eye movements, and autonomic nervous system instability (e.g., variable blood pressure, heart rate, and respiration). Brain metabolism is normal or slightly increased during REM sleep.
Convulsants
Authors: Thompson Scott M.
Published: January 2010

Convulsants are substances that induce seizure‐like paroxysmal behaviors by producing patterns of electrical activity in the brain that resemble those seen in human epilepsy. Epilepsy is characterized by recurring episodes in which the electrical activity of many thousands of neurons becomes abnormally elevated and pathologically synchronized. This discharge interrupts normal brain function and leads, in some forms of epilepsy, to alterations in behavior (seizures). Seizures come in many varieties, ranging from brief, barely detectable losses of consciousness in what are called
absence
or
petit mal epilepsies
, to uncontrollable tonic‐clonic contractions of large muscle groups in the so‐called
grand mal epilepsies
. The behavioral manifestations and severity of the seizure reflect primarily the size and localization of the abnormal electrical discharge.
Psychotherapy, Efficacy of
Authors: McGinn Lata K. , Sanderson William C. , Steinberg Jennifer
Published: January 2010

Two methods have been utilized to conduct scientific evaluations of psychotherapy. Efficacy and effectiveness research are both important and provide distinct information about how psychotherapy works. Although both methods are used, to date efficacy studies have dominated the field. As a result, most of what we know about how well psychotherapy works comes from efficacy rather than effectiveness research.
Cognitive Theories of Affect
Authors: Forgas Joseph P.
Published: January 2010

One of the greatest puzzles about human nature concerns the still poorly understood relationship between thinking and feeling, cognition and affect. Emotions represent a ubiquitous and powerful phenomenon in our lives, yet psychological research on emotions has remained a relatively neglected field until recently. Contemporary research linking cognition and affect has examined both (1) the role of antecedent cognitive processes in affective reactions and (2) the cognitive consequences of affect. This article reviews both orientations.
Early Childhood Education
Authors: Goelman Hillel
Published: January 2010

The field of early childhood education (ECE) is dynamic and fluid and reflects trends and ideas in education more broadly. Traditional issues in ECE such as curriculum and teacher training are increasingly influenced by current research, interdisciplinary and international perspectives, postmodernism, and multicultural and other diversity perspectives. Whereas ECE has traditionally referred to formal programs for three‐ to five‐year‐old children, current definitions now include a wider range of formal and informal settings for children from birth to age eight offered through a wide range of sponsoring auspices.
Existential Psychotherapy
Authors: Schneider Kirk J.
Published: January 2010

Existential psychotherapy derives from the philosophical and literary writings of such thinkers as Soren Kierkegaard, Friedrich Nietzsche, Martin Heidegger, and Jean Paul Sartre; and from the phenomenological formulations of investigators such as Edmund Husserl, Maurice Merleau‐Ponty, and William James (Cooper, 2003; May, Ellenberger, & Angel, 1958). Phenomenology is the art and science of discovering intimate “lived” experience. While the phenomenological basis of existential psychotherapy varies some throughout the world, here our focus will be on the American perspective, which has partly drawn on humanistic psychology (Cooper, 2003).
Language Acquisition
Authors: McDonald Janet L.
Published: January 2010

Two basic questions in the field of language acquisition are (1) whether or not some part of language, particularly the structure of the language, is innate or whether it is all learnable from the input, and (2) whether acquisitional mechanisms are domain specific—that is, used only for language—or whether they are domain general—that is, used for learning across a variety of domains.
Occupational Health Psychology
Authors: Quick James Campbell , Casper Wendy J.
Published: January 2010

Occupational health psychology (OHP) is an interdisciplinary specialty at the crossroads of psychology and public health within the organizational context of work environments. The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1974 established that employees in the United States should have a safe and healthy work environment. Similar legislation has been enacted in The Netherlands, Sweden, and the European Union. OHP applies several specialties within psychology to organizational settings for the improvement of the quality of work life, the protection and safety of workers, and promotion of healthy work environments.
Measurement of varus/valgus alignment in obese individuals with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Gibson Kyle , Sayers Stephen P. , Minor Marian A.
Published: January 2010

Objective

Frontal plane knee malalignment may increase progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA) and hasten functional decline. An accurate nonradiographic measure of knee alignment is necessary because the gold standard measure, the long‐leg radiograph, is costly and often unavailable. Moreover, nonradiographic measures of knee alignment have not been validated in an obese population, where knee OA is common. The purpose of this study was to develop and assess the concurrent validity and reliability of a nonradiographic measure of frontal plane knee alignment and demonstrate the accuracy of the measure in an obese population.

Methods

Fifty‐five subjects (41 women, 14 men; mean ± SD age 62.9 ± 10.3 years) with knee OA were examined. A nonradiographic measure (umbilical method) of frontal plane alignment, using the landmarks of the umbilicus, knee, and ankle, was compared with the radiograph gold standard. Statistical significance was accepted at P < 0.05.

Results

Eighty‐nine percent of the participants had a body mass index (BMI) placing them in the overweight or obese category (mean ± SD BMI for all subjects 31.3 ± 6.1 kg/m2). Radiographic measures of alignment ranged from 9.1° valgus to 14.3° varus (76% of the participants had varus alignment, 12% had valgus alignment, and 2% had neutral alignment). Umbilical measures ranged from 1° valgus to 21° varus. The umbilical measure was significantly correlated with the radiographic method (r = 0.75, P < 0.001). The error of the umbilical measure was not significantly correlated with the BMI (r = −0.21, P = 0.13).

Conclusion

The umbilical method of assessing frontal plane knee alignment is a valid surrogate for the radiographic gold standard and retains its accuracy in an obese population.
Promoting physical activity in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis through an internet‐based program: Results of a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lelieveld Otto T. H. M. , Armbrust Wineke , Geertzen Jan H. B. , de Graaf Inez , van Leeuwen Miek A. , Sauer Pieter J. J. , van Weert Ellen , Bouma Jelte
Published: January 2010

Objective

Patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) are less physically active than healthy peers. Therefore, we developed an Internet‐based intervention to improve physical activity (PA). The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the program in improving PA.

Methods

PA was determined by activity‐related energy expenditure, PA level, time spent on moderate to vigorous PA, and the number of days with ≥1 hour of moderate to vigorous activity, and was assessed with a 7‐day activity diary. Aerobic exercise capacity was assessed by means of a Bruce treadmill test and was recorded as maximum endurance time. Disease activity was assessed by using the JIA core set. Adherence was electronically monitored.

Results

Of 59 patients, 33 eligible patients were included and randomized in an intervention (n = 17, mean ± SD age 10.6 ± 1.5 years) or control waiting‐list group (n = 16, mean ± SD age 10.8 ± 1.4 years). All patients completed baseline and T1 testing. PA significantly improved in both groups. Maximum endurance time significantly improved in the intervention group but not in the control group. In a subgroup analysis for patients with low PA (intervention: n = 7, control: n = 5), PA improved in the intervention group but not in the control group. The intervention was safe, feasible, and showed a good adherence.

Conclusion

An Internet‐based program for children with JIA ages 8–12 years directed at promoting PA in daily life effectively improves PA in those patients with low PA levels. It is also able to improve endurance and it is safe, feasible, and has good adherence.
Adherence to disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs and the effects of exposure misclassification on the risk of hospital admission
Authors: Grijalva Carlos G. , Kaltenbach Lisa , Arbogast Patrick G. , Mitchel Edward F. , Griffin Marie R.
Published: January 2010

Objective

To describe the effect of different exposure classification strategies for disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) on drug‐outcome associations.

Methods

We studied the association between DMARD initiation and all‐cause hospitalizations in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 1995–2005. Initiators of DMARDs and oral glucocorticoids were followed for ≤180 days. We compared 2 strategies for exposure classification: a persistent exposure required (PER) approach, in which followup stopped when the regimen changed; and a persistent exposure ignored (PEI) approach, in which followup continued despite regimen changes. For PEI, adherence was assessed using the medication possession ratio. All‐cause hospitalization risk was compared among RA regimen initiators using Cox models and methotrexate as the reference.

Results

We identified 28,906 episodes of medication initiation. In PER analyses, tumor necrosis factor α antagonists did not increase hospitalization risk compared with methotrexate, whereas leflunomide did (hazard ratio [HR] 1.36, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.1–1.67). Glucocorticoids increased hospitalization risk (HR 1.29, 1.54, and 2.03 for low, medium, and high doses, respectively). PEI results were similar to PER except that infliximab initiation increased the risk of hospitalization compared with methotrexate (HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.19–1.8), and most other effects were closer to the null. In PEI, adherence ranged from 73% for etanercept to 6% for glucocorticoids and adherence to methotrexate was 59%.

Conclusion

Compared with methotrexate initiation, leflunomide or glucocorticoid initiation consistently increased all‐cause hospitalizations in the first 180 days of use. Most PER and PEI estimates were similar; observed differences in risk between these methods were likely due to differences in adherence.
Modeling continuous electropermutation with effects of water dissociation included
Authors: Danielsson Carl‐Ola , Dahlkild Anders , Velin Anna , Behm Mårten
Published: January 2010

The repeating unit consisting of a cell pair of one concentrate and one feed compartment of an electropermutation stack is modeled. Both the feed and the concentrate compartments are filled with an ion‐exchange textile material. Enhanced water dissociation taking place at the surface of the membrane is included in the model as a hetrogeneous surface reaction. Results from simulations of nitrate removal for drinking water production are presented and comparisons with previous experimental results are made. The influence of both conductive and inert textile spacers on the process is investigated via simulations. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Sequential and iterative architectures for distributed model predictive control of nonlinear process systems
Authors: Liu Jinfeng , Chen Xianzhong , Muñoz de la Peña David , Christofides Panagiotis D.
Published: January 2010

In this work, we focus on distributed model predictive control of large scale nonlinear process systems in which several distinct sets of manipulated inputs are used to regulate the process. For each set of manipulated inputs, a different model predictive controller is used to compute the control actions, which is able to communicate with the rest of the controllers in making its decisions. Under the assumption that feedback of the state of the process is available to all the distributed controllers at each sampling time and a model of the plant is available, we propose two different distributed model predictive control architectures. In the first architecture, the distributed controllers use a one‐directional communication strategy, are evaluated in sequence and each controller is evaluated only once at each sampling time; in the second architecture, the distributed controllers utilize a bi‐directional communication strategy, are evaluated in parallel and iterate to improve closed‐loop performance. In the design of the distributed model predictive controllers, Lyapunov‐based model predictive control techniques are used. To ensure the stability of the closed‐loop system, each model predictive controller in both architectures incorporates a stability constraint which is based on a suitable Lyapunov‐based controller. We prove that the proposed distributed model predictive control architectures enforce practical stability in the closed‐loop system and optimal performance. The theoretical results are illustrated through a catalytic alkylation of benzene process example. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
A multi‐QMOM framework to describe multi‐component agglomerates in liquid steel
Authors: Claudotte L. , Rimbert N. , Gardin P. , Simonnet M. , Lehmann J. , Oesterlé B.
Published: January 2010

A variant of the quadrature method of moments (QMOM) for solving multiple population balance equations (PBE) is developed with the objective of application to steel industry processing. During the process of oxygen removal in a steel ladle, a large panel of oxide inclusions may be observed depending on the type of oxygen removal and addition elements. The final quality of the steel can be improved by accurate numerical simulation of the multi‐component precipitation. The model proposed in this article takes into account the interactions between three major aspects of steelmaking modeling, namely fluid dynamics, thermo‐kinetics and population balance. A commercial CFD code is used to predict the liquid steel hydrodynamics, whereas a home‐made thermo‐kinetic code adjusts chemical composition with nucleation and diffusion growth, and finally a set of PBE tracks the evolution of inclusion size with emphasis on particle aggregation. Each PBE is solved by QMOM, the first PBE/QMOM system describing the clusters and each remaining PBE/QMOM system being dedicated to the elementary particles of each inclusion species. It is shown how this coupled model can be used to investigate the cluster size and composition of a particular grade of steel (i.e., Fe‐Al‐Ti‐O). © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Synthesis of π‐conjugated polymers via regioregular organometallic polymers 2. Transformation of titanacyclopentadiene‐ containing polymer into poly(p‐phenylene) derivative
Authors: Kino Tomoko , Nishiyama Hiroki , Tomita Ikuyoshi
Published: January 2010

The transformation of a regioregular organometallic polymer possessing titanacyclopentadiene‐2,5‐diyl units into a poly(p‐phenylene) derivative by means of a novel polymer reaction method is described. The organotitianium polymer was prepared by the polymerization of 1,4‐diethynyl‐2,5‐dioctyloxybenzene and a low‐valent titanium complex, generated in situ from titanium(IV) isopropoxide and isopropylmagnesium chloride, and was subjected to the reaction with 3‐bromo‐1‐propyne followed by the protonation. Consequently, a polymer consisting of the substituted phenylene‐1,4‐diyl units could be produced in a high yield, which is soluble in organic solvents such as chloroform. The number‐average molecular weight and the molecular weight distribution of the polymer were estimated as 4800 and 1.8, respectively (GPC, polystyrene). The UV–vis absorption spectrum of the polymer exhibited the absorption maximum (λmax) at 329 nm, which was bathochromically shifted by 53 nm compared with that of a model compound, 1,4‐bis(2‐methoxyphenyl)‐2‐methylbenzene (λmax = 276 nm). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of halogen anions and N‐ligands in CuXn/N‐ligands on the catalytic performance in oxidative carbonylation of methanol
Authors: Mo Wanling , Xiong Hui , Hu Jianglin , Ni Youming , Li Guangxing
Published: January 2010

The catalytic properties of CuXn/N‐ligands (X = Cl, Br and I; n = 1 or 2) in oxidative carbonylation of methanol were investigated. It was found that the interaction of halogen anions, N‐ligands and Cu (I) affected the catalytic performance of copper complex catalyst in the reaction, especially iodide anion and 1,10‐phenanthroline (Phen). When CuI/Phen was used as a catalyst, the conversion of methanol was 42.6%, the selectivity to dimethyl carbonate was 99.2% and the TOF was 13.1 h−1 at an optimized conditions: CuI/Phen 0.2 mol l−1, 120 °C, 2 h, 2.4 MPa, PCO/PO2 = 2:1. Compared with the plain CuI catalyst, the catalytic activity of CuI/Phen increased about 36 times. When CuI/Phen catalyst was immobilized on polystyrene (PS), the heterogenized catalyst, CuI/Phen–NH–PS, also exhibited very high catalytic activity in oxidative carbonylation. The CuI/Phen—NH—PS catalyst remained its high catalytic activity even after seven recycles. The average weight loss of CuI/Phen—NH—PS after reaction was less than 1.0%, and the leaching of copper was only about 0.15% in each recycling test. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
QSAR Modeling of a Set of Pyrazinoate Esters as Antituberculosis Prodrugs
Authors: Fernandes João P. S. , Pasqualoto Kerly F. M. , Felli Veni M. A. , Ferreira Elizabeth I. , Brandt Carlos A.
Published: January 2010

Tuberculosis is an infection caused mainly by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A first‐line antimycobacterial drug is pyrazinamide (PZA), which acts partially as a prodrug activated by a pyrazinamidase releasing the active agent, pyrazinoic acid (POA). As pyrazinoic acid presents some difficulty to cross the mycobacterial cell wall, and also the pyrazinamide‐resistant strains do not express the pyrazinamidase, a set of pyrazinoic acid esters have been evaluated as antimycobacterial agents. In this work, a QSAR approach was applied to a set of forty‐three pyrazinoates against M. tuberculosis ATCC 27294, using genetic algorithm function and partial least squares regression (WOLF 5.5 program). The independent variables selected were the Balaban index (J), calculated n‐octanol/water partition coefficient (ClogP), van‐der‐Waals surface area, dipole moment, and stretching‐energy contribution. The final QSAR model (N = 32, r2 = 0.68, q2 = 0.59, LOF = 0.25, and LSE = 0.19) was fully validated employing leave‐N‐out cross‐validation and y‐scrambling techniques. The test set (N = 11) presented an external prediction power of 73%. In conclusion, the QSAR model generated can be used as a valuable tool to optimize the activity of future pyrazinoic acid esters in the designing of new antituberculosis agents.
Transrapid maglev system technical readiness and corridors of application
Authors: Miller Luitpold , Wackers Manfred
Published: January 2010

The article includes a brief description of the system, the state of development as well as the operational performance and safety standards achieved. It summarizes the results of the comprehensive studies “Technical Readiness for Application of Transport Maglev System” and “Possible Application of the New High Speed Rail Systems (High Speed Maglev and Railroad Technology)” published by the German Federal Railway and MVP (Test and Planning Organization for Maglev Systems).

At the request of the Federal Minister of Transport, investigations of maglev routes in Germany were carried out. According to first results especially the connection Hamburg‐Berlin would be preferable with respect to environmental consistency, attractiveness and profitability.

Already in the 80ies a number of application studies has been conducted in the United States. In 1991, the Governor and Cabinet of the State of Florida certified to construct the maglev system Transrapid to connect Orlando International Airport with the center of Orlando's tourism district. This application will have great influence on further projects all over the world.
The simple, compelling case for PRT
Authors: Wilde William A.
Published: January 2010

When compared with existing urban modes, Personal Rapid Transit (PRT) offers compelling advantages in every important respect. The desirable attributes of any urban mobility mode are well documented, such as minimal travel time, safety, comfort, low cost, and minimal impacts. These attributes are used to define a hypothetical, ideal urban mode. The ideal mode would possess characteristics such as no waiting, no stops, from anywhere to anywhere service, risk‐free, non‐polluting, and accessible to everyone at any time. Although not attainable in the real world, the ideal provides a model and benchmark for design much as the Carnot thermodynamic cycle guides the development of internal combustion engines, or ideal gases and perfect fluids are postulated in physics.

A matrix format is used to present the characteristics of various modes against the desirable attributes of any mode. Modes presented are the ideal, walking, bicycles, motorcycles, automobiles, taxis, buses, rail transit, Automated Guideway Transit (AGT), and PRT. In all respects, PRT is shown to approach the ideal much more closely than competing modes.
Maternal fever during early pregnancy and the risk of oral clefts
Authors: Shahrukh Hashmi S. , Gallaway M. Shayne , Waller D. Kim , Langlois Peter H. , Hecht Jacqueline T.
Published: January 2010

An increased risk of birth defects after hyperthermic exposures has been confirmed in animal studies, but population studies have yielded inconsistent results. Oral clefts are a common birth defect and have been associated with these exposures in some of these studies. In this study, data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study was used to evaluate the association of maternal report of febrile illness in early pregnancy and the risk of oral clefts. All oral cleft cases born between 1997 and 2004 were compared with nonmalformed controls born in the same geographical region during the same time period. Mothers reporting febrile illness during pregnancy were stratified by fever grade and antipyretic use. Logistic regression models were used to generate crude and adjusted odds ratios for exposure to fever and association with each oral cleft phenotype. The dataset included 5821 controls, 1567 cases of cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL+/−P) and 835 cases of cleft palate only. A modestly increased risk was observed for isolated CL+/−P (odds ratio, 1.28; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.63). Stratification by fever grade (body temperature <101.5° or ≥101.5°F) did not yield significant differences in risk. Risk estimates were higher among women who reported a fever, but did not take antipyretics to control their fever, particularly for nonisolated compared with isolated oral clefts. This finding suggests that adequate control of fever may diminish the deleterious effects of fever in cases of oral cleft. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fate of manuscripts declined by theBritish Journal of Surgery
Authors: Wijnhoven B P L , Dejong C H C
Published: January 2010

Background

The fate of papers submitted and subsequently rejected by the British Journal of Surgery (BJS) is currently unknown. The present study was designed to investigate whether, when and where these papers are published following rejection.

Methods

All rejected manuscripts in the year 2006 were identified from the Manuscript Central electronic database. Between December 2008 and February 2009, a PubMed search was conducted spanning the period 2006-2009 using the corresponding author's last name and initials to identify whether and when manuscripts had been published elsewhere.

Results

From the 926 manuscripts rejected by BJS, 609 (65·8 per cent) were published in 198 different journals with a mean(s.d.) time lapse of 13·8(6·5) months. Some 165 manuscripts (27·1 per cent) were published in general surgical journals, 250 (41·1 per cent) in subspecialty surgical journals and 194 (31·9 per cent) in non-surgical journals. The mean(s.d.) impact factor of the journals was 2·0(1·1). Only 14 manuscripts (2·3 per cent) were published in journals with a higher impact factor than that of BJS.

Conclusion

Rejection of a manuscript by BJS does not preclude publication, but rejected manuscripts are published more often in surgical subspecialty journals and journals with a lower impact factor, although the occasional exception exists.
The Brønsted Acid Catalyzed, Enantioselective Vinylogous Mannich Reaction
Authors: Sickert Marcel , Abels Falko , Lang Matthias , Sieler Joachim , Birkemeyer Claudia , Schneider Christoph
Published: January 2010

The first catalytic, enantioselective vinylogous Mannich reaction of acyclic silyl dienolates is reported. A second‐generation 2,2′‐dihydroxy‐1,1′‐binaphthyl (BINOL)‐based phosphoric acid has been developed and further optimized as an enantioselective organocatalyst. Upon protonation of the imines, chiral contact ion pairs are generated in situ and attacked highly diastereoselectively by the nucleophile. γ‐Substituted silyl dienolates that lead to more highly substituted Mannich products with a second stereogenic center in good diastereoselectivity have been employed in these reactions. The reaction path has been elucidated with NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, which suggest that the protic reaction medium found to be optimal in these reactions serves to trap the cationic silicon species as silanol. A crystal structure of a phosphoric acid bound imine was obtained that provides insight into the binding mode and a rationale for the stereochemical course of the reaction.
Towards Spontaneous Heterolysis of the Homonuclear PP Bond in Diphosphines: The Case of Diazaphospholeniumtriphospholides
Authors: Benkő Zoltán , Burck Sebastian , Gudat Dietrich , Hofmann Martin , Lissner Falk , Nyulászi László , Zenneck Ulrich
Published: January 2010

Computational studies on a series of polyphospholyl‐substituted N‐heterocyclic phosphines (CH)2(NR)2 PPn(CH)5−n (R=Me, n=1–5) disclosed that increasing formal replacement of CH units in the phosphole ring by phosphorus atoms is associated with an increase in PP distances and charge separation, and a decrease in covalent bond orders. Altogether, these trends imply that the CH versus P substitution enhances ionic PP bond polarization in these compounds. Experimental verification of this hypothesis was obtained for the triphospholyl diazaphospholenes (CR)2(NR′)2PP3(CtBu)2 (8 a: R=H, R′=tBu; 8 b: R=Me, R′=Mesityl [Mes]), which were prepared through metathesis reactions from suitable precursors and identified by solution and solid‐state NMR data and a single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction study of 8 a. Analysis of JPP coupling patterns suggested that both species are characterized by the absence of a strong covalent PP bond connecting both rings. This interpretation was confirmed by the finding of a unique PP distance of 2.79 Å for crystalline 8 a, and further supported by computational studies, which led to the conclusion that both species are better described as diazaphospholenium‐triphospholide contact ion pairs rather than covalent molecules. Variable‐temperature (VT) NMR spectra of 8 b showed a collapse of JPP couplings between atoms in different rings, which indicates scrambling of the diazaphospholenium and triphospholide units between different molecules in solution, and further substantiates the proposed view on the molecular structure.
Iodine‐Catalyzed Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of trans‐2,6‐Disubstituted‐3,4‐Dihydropyrans: Application to Concise Construction of C28–C37 Bicyclic Core of (+)‐Sorangicin A
Authors: Mohapatra Debendra K. , Das Pragna P. , Pattanayak Manas Ranjan , Yadav J. S.
Published: January 2010

A novel iodine‐catalyzed highly diastereoselective synthesis of trans‐2,6‐disubstituted‐3,4‐dihydropyrans have been achieved from δ‐hydroxy α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes by treating with allyltrimethyl silane in THF at room temperature with good to excellent yields. This methodology has been successfully implemented for a concise asymmetric synthesis of C28–C37 dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane ring system of (+)‐sorangicin A in 8 steps with 21 % overall yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Studies of the Phases in Ba2LaIrO6 — New Light on an Old Problem.
Authors: Zhou Qingdi , Kennedy Brendan J. , Avdeev Maxim , Giachini Lisa , Kimpton Justin A.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structural Characterization of La1‐xAxMnO2.5 (A: Ba, Sr, Ca) Phases: Mapping the Variants of the Brownmillerite Structure.
Authors: Parsons Thomas G. , D'Hondt Hans , Hadermann Joke , Hayward Michael A.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural and Electrochemical Performances of Li4Ti5‐xZrxO12 as Anode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries.
Authors: Li Xing , Qu Meizhen , Yu Zuolong
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Low‐Temperature Synthesis of LnB6 (Ln: Ce, Pr, Nd) Nanocubes and Nanoparticles.
Authors: Zhang Maofeng , Wang Xiaoqing , Zhang Xianwen , Wang Pengfei , Xiong Shenglin , Shi Liang , Qian Yitai
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Neodymium Dioxide Carbonate as a Sensing Layer for Chemoresistive CO2 Sensing
Authors: Djerdj Igor , Haensch Alexander , Koziej Dorota , Pokhrel Suman , Barsan Nicolae , Weimar Udo , Niederberger Markus
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ba5Ti12Sb19+x, a Polar Intermetallic Compound with a Stuffed γ‐Brass Structure.
Authors: Bie Haiying , Mar Arthur
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New 2‐D Network Containing {As4V16O42(H2O)} Cluster Units.
Authors: Zhou Jian , Zheng Shou‐Tian , Fang Wei‐Hui , Yang Guo‐Yu
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Removing Compositional Boundaries in Mixed‐Linker Keplerate Clusters.
Authors: Botar Bogdan , Ellern Arkady , Sougrati Moulay T. , Koegerler Paul
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Room‐Temperature Metal—Hydride Discharge Source, with Observations on NiH and FeH.
Authors: Vallon Raphael , Ashworth Stephen H. , Crozet Patrick , Field Robert W. , Forthomme Damien , Harker Heather , Richard Cyril , Ross Amanda J.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Rational Synthesis, Structure, Magnetism and Electrochemistry of Mixed Iron—Nickel‐Containing Wells—Dawson‐Fragment‐Based Sandwich‐Type Polyoxometalates.
Authors: Mbomekalle Israel M. , Mialane Pierre , Dolbecq Anne , Marrot Jerome , Secheresse Francis , Berthet Patrick , Keita Bineta , Nadjo Louis
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalyzed Highly Stereoselective Michael Addition of Ketones to Alkylidene Malonates and Nitroolefins Using Chiral Primary‐Secondary Diamine Catalysts Based on Bispidine.
Authors: Liu Jie , Yang Zhigang , Liu Xiaohua , Wang Zhen , Liu Yanling , Bai Sha , Lin Lili , Feng Xiaoming
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of 2(2‐Benzo[b]furo)indoles and Benzofuropyrazoles.
Authors: Goudarshivannanavar B. C. , Jayadevappa H. , Mahadevan K. M.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chalcones, Pyrazolines and Aminopyrimidines as Antibacterial Agents.
Authors: Solankee Anjani , Lad Smruti , Solankee Sejal , Patel Ghanshyam
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐ or Platinum‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Sulfur Heterocycles: Access to Sulfur Ylides Without Using Sacrificial Functionality.
Authors: Davies Paul W. , Albrecht Sebastien J.‐C.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Oxygenations with IBX.
Authors: Duschek Alexander , Kirsch Stefan F.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Efficient Methodology of Asymmetric Epoxidation Based on a Novel Chiral Sulfur Ylide.
Authors: Sarabia Francisco , Chammaa Samy , Garcia‐Castro Miguel , Martin‐Galvez Francisca
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Inexpensive Cyclodiphosphazane as an Efficient Ligand for the Palladium‐Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Bromides and Chlorides.
Authors: Suresh R. Rama , Swamy K. C. Kumara
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: High Stereoselective Mannich Reaction Catalyzed by Starch Sulfonic Acid in Water.
Authors: Wu Hui , et al. et al.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Trisubstituted (E,E)‐1,3‐Dienes by the Site‐Selective Reductive Cross‐Coupling of Internal Alkynes with Terminal Alkynes: A Fragment Coupling Reaction for Natural Product Synthesis.
Authors: Perez Lark J. , Shimp Heidi L. , Micalizio Glenn C.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Multi‐Product Classes Obtained from Allylation of α‐Halo Ketones with Allylzinc Bromide.
Authors: Zhang Min , Hu Yuanyuan , Zhang Songlin
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: High Temperature Zincation of Functionalized Aromatics and Heteroaromatics Using TMPZnCl·LiCl and Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Mosrin Marc , Monzon Gabriel , Bresser Tomke , Knochel Paul
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold and Palladium Combined for Cross‐Coupling.
Authors: Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Lothschuetz Christian , Doepp Rene , Rudolph Matthias , Ramamurthi Tanuja D. , Rominger Frank
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Intermolecular Pauson—Khand Reaction of Symmetrically Substituted Alkynes.
Authors: Ji Yining , Riera Antoni , Verdaguer Xavier
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions Using Chiral tert‐Butanesulfinylphosphine Ligands.
Authors: Chen Junmin , Lang Feng , Li Dong , Cun Linfeng , Zhu Jin , Deng Jingen , Liao Jian
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: O‐TMS‐α,α‐diphenyl‐(S)‐prolinol Modified with an Ionic Liquid Moiety: A Recoverable Organocatalyst for the Asymmetric Michael Reaction Between α,β‐Enals and Dialkyl Malonates.
Authors: Maltsev Oleg V. , Kucherenko Alexandr S. , Zlotin Sergei G.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: β‐Amidoaldehydes via Oxazoline Hydroformylation.
Authors: Laitar David S. , Kramer John W. , Whiting Bryan T. , Lobkovsky Emil B. , Coates Geoffrey W.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: General, Robust, and Stereocomplementary Preparation of α,β‐Disubstituted α,β‐Unsaturated Esters.
Authors: Nakatsuji Hidefumi , Nishikado Hiroshi , Ueno Kanako , Tanabe Yoo
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Unexpected High Regiocontrol in Heck Reaction of Fluorine‐Containing Electron‐Deficient Olefins — Highly Regio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of β‐Fluoroalkyl‐α‐aryl‐α,β‐unsaturated Ketones.
Authors: Konno Tsutomu , Yamada Shigeyuki , Tani Akinori , Nishida Masataka , Miyabe Tomotsugu , Ishihara Takashi
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Synthesis of α‐Aryl Ketones Through Couplings of α‐Arylacetyl Chlorides with Triarylbismuths as Multi‐Coupling Nucleophiles.
Authors: Rao Maddali L. N. , Giri Somnath , Jadhav Deepak N.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Membrane‐Installed Microchannel Reactors for One‐Second Allylic Arylation.
Authors: Yamada Yoichi M. A. , Watanabe Toshihiro , Torii Kaoru , Uozumi Yasuhiro
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Free Synthesis of Conjugated Enynes by Direct Olefination of Terminal Alkynes Using Vinyl Bromides.
Authors: Liu Yunyun , Yang Jianguo , Bao Weiliang
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.