bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Normal metabolism but different physical properties of myelin from mice deficient in proteolipid protein
Authors: Jurevics Helga , Hostettler Janell , Sammond Deanne W. , Nave Klaus‐Armin , Toews Arrel D. , Morell Pierre
Published: March 2003

Proteolipid protein (PLP) is the primary protein component of CNS myelin, yet myelin from the PLPnull mouse has only minor ultrastructural abnormalities. Might compensation for a potentially unstable structure involve increased myelin synthesis and turnover? This was not the case; neither accumulation nor in vivo synthesis rates for the myelin‐specific lipid cerebroside was altered in PLPnull mice relative to wild‐type (wt) animals. However, the yield of myelin from PLPnull mice, assayed as levels of cerebroside, was only about 55% of wt control levels. Loss of myelin occurred during initial centrifugation of brain homogenate at 20,000g for 20 min, which is sufficient to sediment almost all myelin from wt mice. Cerebroside‐containing fragments from PLPnull mice remaining in the supernatant could be sedimented by more stringent centrifugation, 100,000g for 60 min. Both the rapidly and the more slowly sedimenting cerebroside‐containing membranes banded at the 0.85/0.32 M sucrose interface of a density gradient, as did myelin from wt mice. These results suggest at least some myelin from PLPnull mice differs from wt myelin with respect to physical stability (fragmented into smaller particles during dispersion) and/or density. Alternatively, slowly sedimenting cerebroside‐containing particles could be myelin precursor membranes that, lacking PLP, were retarded in their processing toward mature myelin and thus differ from mature myelin in physical properties. If this is so, recently synthesized cerebroside should be preferentially found in these “slower‐sedimenting” myelin precursor fragments. Metabolic tracer experiments showed this was not the case. We conclude that PLPnull myelin is physically less stable and/or less dense than wt myelin. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Isomorphic substitution in vanadinite [Pb5(VO4)3Cl]—a Raman spectroscopic study
Authors: Frost Ray L. , Crane Martin , Williams Peter A. , Theo Kloprogge J.
Published: March 2003

The Raman and infrared spectra of vanadinite [Pb5(VO4)3Cl] specimens from three localities were studied. Raman spectra were found to be both orientation and temperature dependent. Measurement of the Raman spectra at liquid nitrogen temperature allowed better band separation and increased the intensities of weak bands, thus permitting band assignment. Two types of isomorphous substitution were identified: (a) substitution in the bulk of the crystal where electron beam microanalysis identifies the presence of calcium and copper and (b) surface substitution where infrared spectroscopy shows the isomorphous substitution of vanadate by phosphate and of chloride by hydroxyl groups. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman investigation of 2,5‐bis(benzoxazol‐2′‐yl)‐4‐methoxyphenol under high pressure
Authors: Balzaretti Naira Maria , Gallas Márcia Russman , Costa Tânia Maria Haas , Stefani Valter , Perottoni Cláudio Antônio , da Jornada João Alziro Herz
Published: March 2003

The Raman spectrum of the benzoxazole‐type dye 2,5‐bis(benzoxazol‐2′‐yl)‐4‐methoxyphenol was measured in a diamond anvil cell at pressures up to 10 GPa, with NaCl as the pressure‐transmitting medium. The Raman peaks at 1250, 1456, 1540, 1613 and 1645 cm−1 shifted to higher wavenumbers with increasing pressure and there was no indication of structural transition in the pressure range studied. The assignment of these Raman‐active modes was performed by means of ab initio calculations. The results from the calculations show that the peak at 1456 cm−1 is mainly related to the vibration of the terminal C—H bonds, while the other peaks can be assigned to vibrations of the tilted benzoxazole group. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Probing gas bubbles inside industrial glasses by Raman scattering
Authors: Pedeche S. , Simon P. , Matzen G. , Moulin B. , Blanchard K. , Querel G.
Published: March 2003

The gas enclosed inside bubbles in industrial glasses was probed by micro‐Raman spectrometry. The rotational and vibrational Raman spectra for various gases can be measured with high sensitivity. The elimination of a parasitic signal due to air that makes the signal acquisition difficult is discussed. In situ high‐temperature Raman measurements were used to monitor the disproportionation reaction of SO2 inside bubbles. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cytochrome P‐450 expression and lipid peroxidation in gallbladder cancer
Authors: Pandey Manoj , Sharma Lal B. , Shukla Vijay K.
Published: March 2003

Background and Objectives

Carcinoma of the gallbladder is the commonest neoplasm of the biliary tract; however, the etiology of this tumor remains unclear.

Methods

A case‐control study was carried out comprising 50 patients with gallbladder cancer and 50 patients with cholelithiasis. Cytochrome P‐450 estimation was carried out in the gallbladder tissue, and lipid peroxide product melonaldehyde (MDA) was measured in gallbladder bile. Statistical analysis was carried out by Student's t‐test, and one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated, and linear regression analysis was performed.

Results

The mean cytochrome P‐450 concentration was significantly higher in patients with carcinoma of the gallbladder than in controls (t = 3.9, P < 0.001; F = 15.2, P = 0.002). Similarly, the mean concentration of melonaldehyde was significantly higher among cancer patients than in patients with gallstones (t = 2.7, P < 0.003; F = 7.37, P = 0.0078). No significant correlation was observed between tissue MDA and cytochrome P‐450 levels (Pearson r = 0.1, P = 0.28).

Conclusions

The results of the present study show that the rise in concentration of MDA is independent of the rise in concentration of cytochrome P‐450; however, this is statistically insignificant. This could be due to biliary stasis leading to a rise in biliary concentration of melonaldeyde that is disproportionate to its production. J. Surg. Oncol. 2003;82:180–183. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Metastatic potential of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans with fibrosarcomatous change
Authors: Minter Rebecca M. , Reith John D. , Hochwald Steven N.
Published: March 2003

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a relatively uncommon fibrohistiocytic tumor that is locally aggressive. DFSP is associated with frequent local recurrences but rarely metastasizes. It has been suggested that fibrosarcomatous change within a dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP‐FS) is associated with increased risk of local recurrence and distant metastases. Metastases remain rare, however, and are typically preceded by multiple local recurrences. We report a rare case of a DFSP‐FS metastasis to the head of the pancreas without any preceding local recurrence. J. Surg. Oncol. 2003;82:201–208. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity in breast cancer
Authors: Anan Keisei , Mitsuyama Shoshu , Tamae Keiyoshi , Suehara Nobuhiro , Nishihara Kazuyoshi , Ogawa Yoshiaki , Abe Yuji , Iwashita Toshimitsu , Toyoshima Satoshi
Published: March 2003

Background and Objectives

Although studies have focused on modulating the bioavailability of 5‐FU through inhibition of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) to improve efficacy of the drug, activity of this enzyme in breast cancer has not been thoroughly examined. We measured DPD activity in primary and metastatic lesions and benign breast tumors to evaluate the clinical significance of this enzyme in the treatment of breast cancer.

Methods

DPD activity was measured by catalytic assay and compared in 100 primary tumors (95 invasive carcinomas, 5 intraductal carcinomas), 26 uninvolved adjacent breast tissue specimens, 6 metastatic sites, and 7 intraductal papillomas.

Results

The enzyme level in the carcinomas was 4‐fold that of adjacent uninvolved breast tissues (101 vs 23 pmol/min/mg protein, P < 0.001). Enzyme activity in intraductal papilloma (120 pmol/min/mg protein) was comparable to that in invasive carcinoma. There were no significant differences in DPD activity related to clinicopathologic features, but a tendency toward increased DPD activity was observed in progesterone receptor‐negative breast cancer (P = 0.09). There was marginal correlation in enzyme activity between primary and metastatic lesions (P = 0.07).

Conclusions

DPD activity is substantially upregulated in breast cancer tissue and is higher than that reported previously. The clinical implications of DPD inhibitors in patients being treated for breast cancer with oral fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy should be further investigated. J. Surg. Oncol. 2003;82:174–179. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The use and application of Rose's theory of lesson drawing in peripheral areas of Scotland
Authors: Nash Robert
Published: March 2003

This article looks at Rose's theory of lesson drawing and its possible use and application in social science research. It identifies the contingencies necessary for its application and also identifies how a lesson may be transferred between cases. The use and viability of Rose's theory of lesson drawing is evaluated. The lesson drawing approach would be appropriate to most comparative social science research. It lends itself to tourism research and the establishment of circumstances in which lessons can be imported or exported between regions or countries. It recently has been used in a comparative study of islands and lesson drawing. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reaction ClO + ClO → products: Modeling and parameterization for use in atmospheric models
Authors: Golden David M.
Published: March 2003

The interaction of two ClO radicals is important in the Antarctic stratosphere. Current models assume a single ClOOCl product and use the parameters suggested in the NASA/JPL or IUPAC compilations to describe the rate constant as a function of temperature and pressure (in air). It has been noted that these parameters suggest an inordinately high energy transfer efficiency and perhaps a somewhat high negative temperature dependence at the high pressure limit. Recent potential energy surface calculations reveal the possibility of the formation of ClOClO. In this study RRKM/master equation modeling of this surface was performed. Rational input parameters confirm that the formation of ClOClO in 10–15% yields may be important, but they do not conform with the shape and temperature dependence of the data. The simplest best representation of the extant data remains the single channel NASA/JPL format with parameters k0 (cm6 molecules−2 s−1) = 1.6 × 10−32 (T/300)−4.5 and k (cm3 molecules−1 s−1) = 2.0 × 10−12 (T/300)−2.4. However, the data can be represented as the sum of the two pathways as well. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 35: 206–211, 2003
Editorial comment
Authors: Tsang Wing , Huie Robert E. , Manion Jeffrey A.
Published: March 2003

No. abs
Raman spectroscopy for optical diagnosis in normal and cancerous tissue of the nasopharynx—preliminary findings
Authors: Lau David P. , Huang Zhiwei , Lui Harvey , Man Chris S. , Berean Ken , Morrison Murray D. , Zeng Haishan
Published: March 2003

Background and Objectives

Raman spectroscopy (RS), which can detect molecular changes associated with cancer, was explored as a means of distinguishing normal and cancerous nasopharyngeal tissue.

Study Design/Patients and Methods

Tissue from six patients with normal and cancerous biopsies was studied using a rapid acquisition Raman spectrometer.

Results

Spectra were obtainable within 5 seconds. Consistent differences were noted between normal and cancer tissue in three bands 1,290–1,320 cm−1 (P = 0.005), 1,420–1,470 cm−1 (P = 0.006), and 1,530–1,580 cm−1 (P = 0.002).

Conclusions

Spectral differences appear to exist between normal and cancerous nasopharyngeal tissue. The ability to obtain spectra rapidly supports the potential for future in vivo application. Lasers Surg. Med. 32:210–214, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A multispectral fluorescence imaging system: Design and initial clinical tests in intra‐operative Photofrin‐photodynamic therapy of brain tumors
Authors: Yang Victor X.D. , Muller Paul J. , Herman Peter , Wilson Brian C.
Published: March 2003

Background and Objectives

Intra‐operative identification of tumor by fluorescence may improve surgical resection or photodynamic therapy (PDT). A novel instrument was designed, constructed, and tested for this purpose.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

The instrument was designed to provide high‐resolution, multi‐spectral (five band) fluorescence imaging, and non‐contact point spectroscopy, with long working distance (∼50 cm), large field‐of‐view (∼3 cm diameter), large depth of view (∼2 cm), and ‘point‐and‐shoot’ operation. Its performance was determined in tissue‐simulating phantoms and in pilot studies in brain tumor resection patients, with or without intra‐operative Photofrin‐PDT.

Results

In phantoms the imaging resolution was ∼150 μm, while Photofrin concentrations as low as 0.05 or 0.1 μg/g could be detected at the tissue surface or at 0.5 mm depth, respectively. Red Photofrin fluorescence could be clearly visualized post radical resection in all PDT patients, with biopsy confirmation of residual tumor tissue in regions that were not seen as tumor under white light. Photobleaching of Photofrin during PDT was also demonstrated.

Conclusions

The system performed to specification under realistic operating conditions and could reveal unresected residual tumor tissue. It may be used for either PDT dosimetry/monitoring and/or for surgical guidance. Lasers Surg. Med. 32:224–232, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pulpal response to Er:YAG laser drilling of dentine in healthy human third molars
Authors: Nair P.N. Ramachandran , Baltensperger Marc M. , Luder Hans‐Ulrich , Eyrich Gerold K.H.
Published: March 2003

Background and Objectives

Maintenance of pulpal health is a critical prerequisite for successful application of light amplification by stimulated emission of radiations (lasers) in the hard tissue management of vital teeth. The purpose of this study was to investigate the short‐ and long‐term pulpal effects to cavity‐preparations in healthy human teeth using erbium‐doped:yttrium, aluminum, and garnet (Er:YAG) laser.

Materials and Methods

A total of seven healthy third molars that were to be removed due to space‐problem were used. Following the laser excavation, the cavities in dentine were closed temporarily and the teeth were extracted after 7 days (n = 5) and 3 months (n = 2) post‐operation. The specimens were fixed, decalcified, subdivided, and processed for light and transmission electron microscopy.

Results

In the short‐term group, four of the five laser‐drilled teeth did not reveal any pathological changes in the pulp–dentine complex. One tooth showed mild disruption of odontoblasts (OB) and vascular dilatation subjacent to the deepest point of the cavity‐preparation with a remaining dentine thickness (RDT) of less than 80 μm. The two teeth under long‐term observation revealed distinct apposition of tertiary dentine (TD), lined predominantly with cuboidal cells on its pulpal aspect.

Conclusions

These results would allow a conclusion to be drawn that the Er:YAG laser under investigation is a pulp preserving hard‐tissue drilling tool when used with the specific energy settings and emitting radiation at a wavelength of 2.94 μm. Lasers Surg. Med. 32:203–209, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proximal and uniform convergence on apartness spaces
Authors: Vîţă Luminiţa Simona
Published: March 2003

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate constructively the relationship between proximal convergence, uniform sequential convergence and uniform convergence for sequences of mappings between apartness spaces. It is also shown that if the second space satisfies the Efremovic axiom, then proximal convergence preserves strong continuity.
Some Boolean algebras with finitely many distinguished ideals II
Authors: Aragón Regina
Published: March 2003

We describe the countably saturated models and prime models (up to isomorphism) of the theory Thprin of Boolean algebras with a principal ideal, the theory Thmax of Boolean algebras with a maximal ideal, the theory Thac of atomic Boolean algebras with an ideal such that the supremum of the ideal exists, and the theory Thsa of atomless Boolean algebras with an ideal such that the supremum of the ideal exists. We prove that there are infinitely many completions of the theory of Boolean algebras with a distinguished ideal that do not have a countably saturated model. Also, we give a sufficient condition for a model of the theory TX of Boolean algebras with distinguished ideals to be elementarily equivalent to a countably saturated model of TX.
Sequential topological conditions in ℝ in the absence of the axiom of choice
Authors: Gutierres Gonçalo
Published: March 2003

It is known that – assuming the axiom of choice – for subsets A of ℝ the following hold: (a) A is compact iff it is sequentially compact, (b) A is complete iff it is closed in ℝ, (c) ℝ is a sequential space. We will show that these assertions are not provable in the absence of the axiom of choice, and that they are equivalent to each
The Banach‐Steinhaus theorem for the space 𝒟(ℝ) in constructive analysis
Authors: Yoshida Satoru
Published: March 2003

We prove the Banach‐Steinhaus theorem for distributions on the space 𝒟(ℝ) within Bishop's constructive mathematics. To this end, we investigate the constructive sequential completion $ \tilde {\cal D} $(ℝ) of 𝒟(ℝ).
Provably total functions of Basic Arithmetic
Authors: Salehi Saeed
Published: March 2003

It is shown that all the provably total functions of Basic Arithmetic BA, a theory introduced by Ruitenburg based on Predicate Basic Calculus, are primitive recursive. Along the proof a new kind of primitive recursive realizability to which BA is sound, is introduced. This realizability is similar to Kleene's recursive realizability, except that recursive functions are restricted to primitive recursives.
Bidding behavior at the auction
Authors: Johns Christy L. , Zaichkowsky Judith L.
Published: March 2003

The outcome of any auction sale is dependent upon a variety of interbehavior dynamics, which are either intensified or diminished according to the number of bidders involved. Two live auctions were studied and significant relationships were found between the number of bidders and bid range, starting bid values, and winning bids. The least competitive bidding occurred with three bidders. When there were four or more bidders, winning bids were likely to exceed starting bids. Strategies for participating in live auctions are discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effects of structural and grammatical variables on persuasion: An elaboration likelihood model perspective
Authors: Areni Charles S.
Published: March 2003

In research examining the elaboration likelihood model (ELM), argument quality has generally been treated as an expedient methodological tool rather than a conceptually meaningful construct. Differences between strong and weak arguments have typically been cast in terms of pretest results and/or the ad hoc interpretations of researchers. Given the importance of creating effective verbal arguments in marketing communications, a stronger theoretical rationale is needed to establish why, exactly, some verbal arguments are more persuasive than others. Drawing on the literature in logic, social psychology, jurisprudence, and sociolinguistics, this research examines various structural and grammatical elements of verbal arguments in order to develop conceptually meaningful definitions of argument quality and more rigorous theoretical accounts of argument‐driven persuasion within the ELM. Several research propositions are derived in order to suggest directions for future research on argument‐driven persuasion. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
First Diazosulfonate Homopolymer by Enzymatic Polymerization
Authors: Robert Jan P. , Uyama Hiroshi , Kobayashi Shiro , Jordan Rainer , Nuyken Oskar
Published: March 2003

The polymerization behavior of phenolic azosulfonates and triazene by means of enzymatic polymerization using horseradish peroxidase was studied. While for the latter one, only oligomerization was observed, sodium 4‐hydroxybenzenediazosulfonate was successfully homopolymerized. The obtained polymer had an average molecular weight of Mn = 3 000 with a polydispersity index of 1.51. This is the first example of a homopolymer bearing an azosulfonate function in every monomer unit.

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Evidence of Branching in Poly(butyl acrylate) Produced in Pulsed‐Laser Polymerization Experiments
Authors: Plessis Christophe , Arzamendi Gurutze , Alberdi Juan M. , van Herk Alex M. , Leiza José R. , Asua José M.
Published: March 2003

Branched poly(butyl acrylate) was obtained from pulsed‐laser polymerizations carried out in bulk and in solution between −16 and 60 °C. The predominantly short branches are formed by backbiting. The Arrhenius temperature dependence of the backbiting rate is calculated, and the activation energy of this process was found to be remarkably higher than that of propagation. Branching thus increases with temperature leading to broader SEC traces and difficulties in the accurate determination of kp.

Arrhenius plot of kfp2 versus 1/T determined experimentally.

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Arrhenius plot of kfp2 versus 1/T determined experimentally.
Overexpression of hMTH in peripheral lymphocytes and risk of prostate cancer: a case‐control analysis
Authors: Liu Zhensheng , Wang Li‐E , Strom Sara S. , Spitz Margaret R. , Babaian Richard J. , DiGiovanni John , Wei Qingyi
Published: March 2003

Oxidative damage is an important factor in prostate carcinogenesis, and overexpression of human MutT homolog (hMTH), a repair gene that removes oxidative damage, is a molecular marker of cellular oxidative stress. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that overexpression of hMTH in unaffected (normal) surrogate tissue is associated with risk of prostate cancer in a pilot study of 51 patients with diagnosed prostate cancer and 50 age‐ and ethnicity‐matched controls. Total RNA was extracted from phytohemagglutinin‐stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes of these subjects. We performed the real‐time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction assay to evaluate the relative mRNA expression of three oxidative‐damage‐repair genes, human MutM homolog (hMMH), hMTH, and human MutY homolog (hMYH), with β‐actin and human O6‐methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (hMGMT) as the internal controls. The relative gene expression levels of hMMH and hMTH were borderline higher in the cases than in controls (15.3% and 28.8% higher, respectively; P = 0.046 and P = 0.035, respectively), whereas no increase was observed for hMYH and hMGMT. With the median of the controls' values as the cutoff point, we observed that a high expression level of hMTH, but not of other genes, was associated with a significantly increased risk of prostate cancer (odds ratio = 2.62; 95% confidence interval = 1.13–6.75) after adjustment for age and ethnicity. These results suggested that increased expression of hMTH in peripheral lymphocytes may be a risk factor for prostate cancer and support our priori hypothesis. Although our findings were biologically plausible and consistent with the literature, they were preliminary and need to be confirmed in larger studies. In addition, a correlation between the expression level of hMTH and the level of oxidative DNA damage in the target tissues needs to be established as well. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurodegenerative disease and the evolution of art: The effects of presumed corticobasal degeneration in a professional artist
Authors: Kleiner‐Fisman Galit , Black Sandra E. , Lang Anthony E.
Published: March 2003

Production of art is a complex process involving a combination of technical skill and a unique talent. Changes in artistic ability may accompany neurodegenerative disorders when they occur in an artist. The nature of these changes in the context of definable regional neuropathological disturbances may provide insight into the structural basis of the creative process. We describe a professional artist in whom presumed corticobasal degeneration (CBD) was associated with an alteration of his artistic judgement and production. Disinhibition, perseveration, and left hemispatial neglect, features of his cognitive profile were readily discernible in his work. The differences in his style are examined with respect to his main neuroanatomic abnormalities, namely right cerebral hemiatrophy as defined by magnetic resonance and single‐photon emission computed tomography imaging. Cognitive deficits, including visuoconstructive and motor neglect, apathy, perseveration, and disinhibition as determined by neuropsychological testing, contributed to the dissolution of his artistic skills. Our case study adds to the growing literature on the effects of brain damage on artistic expression in the graphic arts.
Comparison of functional results of nerve graft, vein graft, and vein filled with muscle graft in end‐to‐side neurorrhaphy
Authors: Ülkür Ersin , Yüksel Fuat , Açikel Cengiz , Okar İmer , Çeli̇köz Bahattin
Published: March 2003

End‐to‐side neurorrhaphy is an alternative method in the situation where the proximal part of the nerve cannot be found. When the intact nerve is not close enough to perform end‐to‐side neurorrhaphy, it will be necessary to use a graft for transporting the regenerating axons. In this study, we tried to find out whether it is possible to use a graft in an end‐to‐side neurorrhaphy, and compared the nerve graft with possible alternative grafts, i.e., vein and muscle‐filled vein grafts. Thirty male Sprague Dawley rats were used, with an average weight of 293 g (range, 250–350 g). All experiments were done on the right side. A 2‐cm nerve graft, beginning 1 cm distal to the branching level, was sectioned from the peroneal nerve. A 1‐mm epineural window was opened in the tibial nerve. In the first group, the proximal side of this graft was sutured to the tibial nerve side in an end‐to‐side fashion, and the distal side was sutured to the distal peroneal nerve stump in an end‐to‐end fashion. In the second group, the right 2‐cm jugular vein was harvested, and was used to bridge the defect instead of the nerve graft used in the first group. In the third group, a 2‐cm jugular vein filled with fresh skeletal muscle was used to bridge the defect. At 2, 4, 8, 12, 20, and 28 weeks, functional assessment of nerve regeneration was performed, using walking‐track analysis. The numbers of myelinated fibers and fiber diameters were measured, and an electron microscopic evaluation was carried out. Based on walking‐track analysis and fiber diameters, the differences of all three groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). While the differences of myelinated fibers between the first and second groups were not significant, the differences between the rest (group 1‐group 3 and group 2‐group 3) were significant (P < 0.05). Our study showed that, in end‐to‐side neurorrhaphy, the use of a nerve graft is possible, and a vein graft is also a good alternative, but a muscle‐filled vein graft is not. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 23:40–48 2003
Transoral reconstruction of the mobile tongue, using radial forearm free flap
Authors: Shpitzer Thomas , Guttman Dan , Gur Eyal , Feinmesser Raphael , Ad‐El Dean
Published: March 2003

Tongue resection has significant influence on the patient's quality of life, because it interferes with masticatory and speech functions and affects facial aesthetics. To avoid the disadvantages of the traditional lip‐splitting used to approach partial tongue reconstruction for resection (40% of the tongue or more), we recommend a completely transoral approach, with the radial forearm free flap as a donor flap. Between 1999–2001, the suggested technique was applied in 11 patients with squamous‐cell carcinoma of the mobile tongue. A follow‐up of 6–30 months showed good to excellent oral function, with preservation of tongue volume, motion, and facial aesthetics. This approach seems to be preferable over the lip‐split aproach for the reconstruction of mobile tongue defects. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 23:18–20 2003
Follow‐up study of upper limb lymphedema patients treated by microsurgical lymphaticovenous implantation (MLVI) combined with compression therapy
Authors: Yamamoto Yuhei , Horiuchi Katsumi , Sasaki Satoru , Sekido Mitsuru , Furukawa Hiroshi , Oyama Akihiko , Yajima Kazuyoshi , Sugihara Tsuneki
Published: March 2003

We present a follow‐up study of 18 patients with upper limb lymphedema treated by microsurgical lymphaticovenous implantation (MLVI) combined with compression therapy. This combined technique provides increased lymphatic flow through newly created lymphaticovenous bypasses by the MLVI surgery, with assistance for pumping function in the lymphatics by compression therapy. Preoperative assessment of the affected limb was performed by the average enlargement of edema circumference (AEEC), comparing the lymphedema limb and normal limb circumferences. Objective improvement was analyzed by the percent reduction of edema circumference (%REC) at two levels of the lymphedema limb. With an average follow‐up of 24 months, 77.8% of patients presented excellent or good results, with %REC >50% at either the distal or proximal site of the treated limb. This combined treatment can be expected to provide favorable long‐term results, even for patients with AEEC >8 cm. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 23:21–26 2003
Effect of subepineurial dehydroepiandrosterone treatment on healing of transected nerves repaired with the epineurial sleeve technique
Authors: Ayhan Sühan , Markal Nilgün , Siemionow Krzysztof , Araneo Barbara , Siemionow Maria
Published: March 2003

The epineurial sleeve technique for nerve repair is designed in part to protect a healing nerve from external humoral influences, but research suggests that the external factor dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) may actually improve nerve healing in crush injuries. To test the effect of DHEA, we injected it into the epineurial chambers created to repair transected rat sciatic nerves. In 18 control rats, the nerve was transected and repaired without DHEA treatment. Eighteen animals received subepineurial injections of propylene glycol vehicle, and 18 received subepineurial injections of about 0.2 ml DHEA. Walking‐track analysis and toe‐contracture measurements showed no significant differences among the three groups. At 12 weeks, the gastrocnemius muscles in the DHEA group were significantly heavier than those of untreated controls. At 6 and 12 weeks, DHEA‐treated nerves had significantly more myelinated axons, larger average fiber diameter, and greater axonal cross‐sectional areas in the proximal, middle, and distal sections. Myelin thickness did not differ between groups, except at 6 weeks between the DHEA and vehicle‐treated groups. We conclude that subepineurial dehydroepiandrosterone treatment reduced the extent of denervation atrophy and induced an earlier onset of axonal regeneration. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 23:49–55 2003
Microsurgical treatment of Mooren's corneal ulcer
Authors: Xie Hanping , Chen Jiaqi , Wang Zhen , Yang Bing , Gong Xiangming , Feng Chunmao , Chen Longshan , Lin Yuesheng
Published: March 2003

This study evaluated the effect of microsurgery of lamellar keratoplasty (LKP) on Mooren's corneal ulcer. The surgical effect, postoperative astigmatism, postoperative vision, postoperative ulcer recurrence, and surgical complications of 2 groups of consecutive Mooren's ulcer inpatients treated respectively by non‐microsurgery of LKP and microsurgery of LKP were analyzed. There were significant differences of the effect, postoperative astigmatism, postoperative vision, postoperative ulcer recurrence, and surgical complications between the 2 groups. The effect and postoperative vision of the microsurgery‐treated group were better than those of the non‐microsurgery‐treated group. The postoperative astigmatism, postoperative ulcer recurrence, and surgical complications of the microsurgery‐treated group were less than those of the non‐microsurgery‐treated group. Microsurgery of LKP of Mooren's corneal ulcer can greatly improve the cure rate of the disease and postoperative vision, and reduce surgical complication and postoperative ulcer recurrence. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 23:27–31 2003
Effect of torsion on microarterial anastomosis patency
Authors: Topalan Murat , Bilgin S. Sinan , Ip W.Y. , Chow S.P.
Published: March 2003

All kinds of technical faults must be prevented in microvascular anastomosis for successful reconstructive microsurgery. Torsion at the anastomosis site is one of the most basic technical errors. In this study, we investigate the effect of different degrees of microarterial torsion on patency and its physical changes on anastomosis in a rat model. A total of 144 microanastomosis were performed in 72 Sprague‐Dawley rats. They were divided into 9 groups. The anastomosis was performed at 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, 180°, 225°, 270°, 315°, and 360° of torsion randomly. Patency rates and the narrowest point of the artery after the anastomosis were recorded after 1 hour for each group. In the second stage of the study, the 9 groups were divided into 2 groups for patency rates and histopathological sampling at the second and seventh days postoperatively. The femoral arteries in all groups were all patent at the end of 1 hour. Only 5 microanastomosis were thrombosed (one in the 45° group, one in the 225° group, one in the 270° group, and two in the 315° group) at the second day of exploration. Only two arteries were thrombosed (one in the 45° group and one in the 315° group) at the seventh day of exploration. The patency rate was 96.8% in experimental groups excluding the control group. Different degrees of torsion had no statistically significant effect on the patency rates of microvascular anastomosis. Torsional repair of the femoral artery in the rat has no significant histopathologic changes, but alternately, endothelial integrity was affected by excessive degrees of torsion. Different degrees of torsion at the anastomosis site do not affect patency rates and cross sectional histology of rat femoral arteries. In clinical practice, minor torsion can be tolerated, however, factors affecting patency such as tension, diameter disproportion, and tight closure can affect the final result of anastomosis. We observed that torsional force of the vessel is distributed along the artery to the weakest point. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 23:56–59 2003
Applying the method of lines and discrete mode‐matching method to non‐planar structures
Authors: Mesa Francisco , Marqués Ricardo , Medina Francisco
Published: March 2003

The method of lines (MoL) and discrete mode‐matching (DMM) method were originally applied to problems with separable boundaries and lateral homogeneity (for instance, layered planar structures). Since then, these methods have been directly applied to structures with non‐separable boundaries and/or lateral inhomogeneity. Although these extensions can be justified in certain approximate cases, there has not been sufficient discussion on its mathematical foundation. This paper discusses the above extensions and shows that the direct application of these methods to general problems may lead to inaccurate and even incongruous results. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 37: 79–83, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10830
Higher‐order hierarchical basis functions with improved orthogonality properties for moment‐method modeling of metallic and dielectric microwave structures
Authors: Djordjević Miroslav , Notaroš Branislav M.
Published: March 2003

Three classes of higher‐order hierarchical basis functions, constructed from standard orthogonal polynomials, are proposed and evaluated for the modeling of combined metallic and dielectric microwave structures. The reduction of the condition number of moment‐method matrices is several orders of magnitude, as compared to the technique using regular polynomial basis functions. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 37: 83–88, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10831
Circularly polarized microstrip antenna with a rectangular ground plane
Authors: Su Che‐Wei , Wong Kin‐Lu
Published: March 2003

An experimental study of the nearly square circularly polarized microstrip antenna with a rectangular ground plane is presented. Results indicate that circular polarization characteristics of the nearly square microstrip antenna are greatly affected by the different side lengths of the rectangular ground plane. To compensate for this effect, the aspect ratio of the nearly square radiating patch should be increased when the aspect ratio of the ground plane increases. Details of the experimental results are presented. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 37: 93–95, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10833
Mode control in microstrip patch antennas using ground‐plane perforations
Authors: Fallah‐Rad M. , Shafai L.
Published: March 2003

In this paper, the effects of ground‐plane perforations on the mode excitation of microstrip patch antennas are investigated. The perforations used consist of a single hole, multiple holes, and slots etched in the ground plane of patch antennas. We show that in narrowband patch antennas, ground‐plane perforations create a shift in the resonant frequency of certain modes, and that in wideband antennas they increase the −10‐dB bandwidth. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 37: 103–107, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10837
Calculation of the absorption efficiency of double‐clad fiber by using the modal analysis method
Authors: Wang Zi Hua , Zhang Hui
Published: March 2003

In this paper, we present a new method, based on the theory of mode analysis, to calculate the absorption efficiency of symmetric or offset double‐clad optical fibers. Both symmetric and offset conditions have been analyzed. In principle, our results are consistent with, but more accurate than, those of previous ray‐optics methods. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 37: 111–113, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10839
Single‐photon detectors for quantum key distribution in 1550 nm: Simulations and experimental results
Authors: Ramos Rubens Viana , Pereira Thé George André
Published: March 2003

Quantum key distribution is a new technique that permits secure distribution of a bit string, used as a key in cryptographic protocols. The present quantum‐cryptographic protocols use a single photon to carry information; hence, for the construction of an optical setup able to support quantum‐cryptographic protocols, it is necessary to use single‐photon detectors. In this paper, numerical simulations and experimental results of single‐photon detectors in 1550 nm, using avalanche photodiode, are shown. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 37: 136–139, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10847
1H and 13C NMR structure determination of a new stereoisomer of isoreserpiline pseudoindoxyl from Rauvolfia grandiflora
Authors: Cancelieri N. M. , Curcino Vieira I. J. , Mathias L. , Braz‐Filho R.
Published: March 2003

An NMR study of a new stereoisomer of isoreserpiline pseudoindoxyl alkaloid is described. The complete 1H and 13C NMR assignments of the compound were carried out using COSY, HMQC and HMBC. Stereochemistry at carbons C‐2, C‐3, C‐15, C‐20 and C‐19 was established using values of 1H chemical shifts, coupling constants and NOESY experiments. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and complete NMR characterization of 4‐alkyl‐2‐(6‐substituted‐1,3‐benzoxazol‐2‐yl)benzenols
Authors: Sridharan V. , Muthusubramanian S. , Sivasubramanian S.
Published: March 2003

This paper describes the complete assignment of all carbons and hydrogens of several newly synthesized 6‐substituted 2‐(2‐hydroxyaryl)benzoxazoles from 2,2′‐dihydroxydiaryl Schiff bases by the use of two‐dimensional NMR techniques. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Substituent effects on 13C chemical shifts of ketenimines: a GIAO/HF and DFT study
Authors: Tahmassebi Daryoush
Published: March 2003

GIAO/HF and DFT methods were utilized to predict the 13C chemical shifts of substituted ketenimines. GIAO HF/6–311+G(2d,p) and B3LYP/6–311+G(2d,p) methods were applied on the optimized B3LYP/6–31G(d) geometries and 13C chemical shifts of Cα and Cβ of substituted ketenimines were correlated with group electronegativities. HF and DFT calculations indicated that increasing substituent group electronegativity leads to increasing chemical shift of Cβ of substituted ketenimines, whereas the Cα values decrease. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
1H and 13C NMR signal assignments of carboxyl‐linked glucosides of bile acids
Authors: Iida Takashi , Kakiyama Genta , Shimada Akari , Mushiake Kumiko , Mano Nariyasu , Goto Junichi , Nambara Toshio
Published: March 2003

Complete 1H and 13C resonance assignments were carried out for a new type of carboxyl‐linked glucosides of chenodeoxycholic (3α,7α‐dihydroxy‐5β‐cholan‐24‐oic) and hyodeoxycholic (3α,6α‐dihydroxy‐5β‐cholan‐24‐oic) acids by using several homonuclear (1H–1H) and heteronuclear (1H–13C) 2D NMR techniques. Differences in the 1H and 13C resonances between the α‐ and β‐anomers of the ester glucosides of bile acids were clarified for the first time. A comparison of the 1H and 13C signal shifts induced by β‐D‐glucosidation at the 24‐carboxyl and 3α‐hydroxyl groups in the parent 5β‐cholanoic acid was also made. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physiology of conduction block in multifocal motor neuropathy and other demyelinating neuropathies
Authors: Kaji Ryuji
Published: March 2003

Conduction block is an important functional consequence of demyelination whereby nervous transmission is abolished. Its mechanism has been discussed with respect to the loss of insulation due to disruption of myelin. Recent development of threshold tracking techniques, which enabled noninvasive assessment of axonal membrane potentials and ion channels, has provided evidence that axonal excitability changes significantly and contributes to conduction failure. This view, based upon axo‐glial interaction, clarifies the mechanism of muscle fatigue and fasciculation associated with peripheral demyelination and possibly explains selective motor involvement in multifocal motor neuropathy. Muscle Nerve 27: 285–296, 2003
Optimal distance for segmental nerve conduction studies revisited
Authors: Landau Mark E. , Diaz Myrna I. , Barner Kristen C. , Cambpell William W.
Published: March 2003

In 1972, Maynard and Stolov showed that the experimental error in calculating nerve conduction velocity (NCV) depends on errors of latency and distance measurements. Their data suggested that a minimum distance of 10 cm should be used when calculating NCV because of an increase in error ≥ 25% at shorter distances. The object of this study was to reestablish the minimum distance using current technology. Twenty physicians measured the proximal and distal onset latencies of the same stored ulnar compound muscle action potentials, as well as the forearm skin distance. The mean and standard deviation of the errors in conduction time and distance were determined. A spreadsheet was constructed, determining the error in NCV for a variety of distances and NCVs. The average conduction time between proximal and distal stimulation was 3.23 ms, with a standard deviation of 0.09 ms. The mean distance measurement was 212.6 ± 2.1 mm. The errors in NCV were significantly less than previously reported. The experimental error increased as distance decreased, reaching 20% with distances less than 6 cm. The latency error accounted for 71% of the total experimental error, as opposed to 90% in the previous study. With advances in electrodiagnostic equipment, NCV can reasonably be calculated at distances less than 10 cm, perhaps as low as 5–6 cm. Muscle Nerve 27: 367–369, 2003
Nerve growth factor expression in human dystrophic muscles
Authors: Toti Paolo , Villanova Marcello , Vatti Rosella , Schuerfeld Karin , Stumpo Michela , Barbagli Letizia , Malandrini Alessandro , Costantini Maurizio
Published: March 2003

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a neurotrophin that is expressed during muscle development and is also capable of favoring muscle regeneration in experimental studies. The presence of NGF in muscular dystrophies, such as Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies, has never been fully explored. By means of immunohistochemistry, we show that regenerating muscle fibers from such patients consistently express NGF, as do myofibroblasts and mast cells. By contrast, rest fibers from dystrophic patients, as well as muscle fibers from healthy, control patients and even regenerative muscle fibers in polymyositis do not show NGF immunoreactivity. The paracrine effect of NGF on muscle regeneration, as well as its chemoattractant capacities for mast cells, may contribute to explaining why regenerating fibers most frequently occur in clusters and why mast cells are more numerous in dystrophic muscles. Moreover, being a mediator of wound healing and tissue fibrosis, NGF may contribute to long‐term muscle regeneration impairment by tissue fibrosis in the muscular dystrophies. Muscle Nerve 27: 370–373, 2003
Kinematic modelling of shear band localization using discrete finite elements
Authors: Wang X. , Chan D. , Morgenstern N.
Published: March 2003

Modelling shear band is an important problem in analysing failure of earth structures in soil mechanics. Shear banding is the result of localization of deformation in soil masses. Most finite element schemes are unable to model discrete shear band formation and propagation due to the difficulties in modelling strain and displacement discontinuities. In this paper, a framework to generate shear band elements automatically and continuously is developed. The propagating shear band is modelled using discrete shear band elements by splitting the original finite element mesh. The location or orientation of the shear band is not predetermined in the original finite element mesh. Based on the elasto‐perfect plasticity with an associated flow rule, empirical bifurcation and location criteria are proposed which make band propagation as realistic as possible. Using the Mohr–Coulomb material model, various results from numerical simulations of biaxial tests and passive earth pressure problems have shown that the proposed framework is able to display actual patterns of shear banding in geomaterials. In the numerical examples, the occurrence of multiple shear bands in biaxial test and in the passive earth pressure problem is confirmed by field and laboratory observations. The effects of mesh density and mesh alignment on the shear band patterns and limit loads are also investigated. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effectiveness of the longest delivery time rule for the flow shop delivery time problem
Authors: Kaminsky Philip
Published: March 2003

In the flow shop delivery time problem, a set of jobs has to be processed on m machines. Every machine has to process each one of the jobs, and every job has the same routing through the machines. The objective is to determine a sequence of the jobs on the machines so as to minimize maximum delivery completion time over all the jobs, where the delivery completion time of a job is the sum of its completion time, and the delivery time associated with that job. In this paper, we prove the asymptotic optimality of the Longest Delivery Time algorithm for the static version of this problem, and the Longest Delivery Time among Available Jobs (LDTA) algorithm for the dynamic version of this problem. In addition, we present the result of computational testing of the effectiveness of these algorithms. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2003