bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
URBANISMO CORPORATIVO E O TENSIONAMENTO EM TORNO DO DIREITO À CIDADE: o empreendimento Horto Bela Vista (Salvador/BA)
Authors: Netto Teixeira Aparecida , Viveiros Liana , Nogueira Lima Adriana , Pereira dos Santos Gabriela
Published: February 2023

A produção corporativa das cidades brasileiras se dá sob condições de mercantilização do espaço urbano, associada à segregação socioespacial, especulação imobiliária e captura da dimensão coletiva e pública das cidades. Tal situação tem levado os moradores a acionarem estratégias para a defesa do direito à cidade, incluindo o sistema de justiça. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a aplicabilidade e a eficácia de instrumentos jurídicos e urbanísticos naminimização dos impactos socioespaciais, tendo como estudo de caso o empreendimento Horto Bela Vista (HBV), no bairro do Cabula, na cidade de Salvador (BA). O estudo utiliza pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, particularmente sobre o processo constante no Ministério Público do Estado da Bahia. Como resultado, constatou-se que, apesar da importância das reparações e compensações conquistadas, os instrumentos acionados apresentam limites para sua efetividade, tensionados tanto na perspectiva do urbanismo corporativo quanto do direito à cidade.
Association of COVID-19 Vaccination With Risk for Incident Diabetes After COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Kwan Alan C. , Ebinger Joseph E. , Botting Patrick , Navarrette Jesse , Claggett Brian , Cheng Susan
Published: February 2023

This cohort study compares the risk of new-onset hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes before and after COVID-19 infection among patients who were vaccinated vs unvaccinated before infection.
Liquid Shuttle Mediated by Microwick for Open‐Air Microfluidics
Authors: Liu Shijie , Zhan Zidong , Si Yifan , Yu Cunlong , Jiang Lei , Dong Zhichao
Published: February 2023

Microfluidics has experienced rapid progress in additive manufacturing and microfluidic soft robots. The design of microfluidics is already moving into a more intelligent, integrated, and detachable direction. However, the pipeline resistance needs more external energy input to achieve high flow speed. Guided transport of liquid in the open‐air‐space microfluidics will be an effective solution. Inspired by the water shuttle on the pitcher plant tendril, herein, an open‐air microfluidic transport device is designed that consists of a superhydrophilic microwick with multi‐microgrooves by stereolithography. The liquid film confined in microgrooves can promote rapid fluid shuttle on the wet surface to enhance transport rate and inhibit the Rayleigh‐Plateau instability from forming larger dripping drops. The dripping volume and threshold Capillary number are optimized for effective liquid transport and drainage. State‐of‐the‐art microwick liquid shuttle technologies can guide liquid continuously in a prescribed direction or into multiple directions with 98% transport efficiency (the ratio of liquid collection volume and liquid injection volume) for water and 97% for ethanol in the closed‐open‐closed space. The proposed mechanism has the potential to streamline microfluidic applications—and, therefore, accelerate relevant liquid delivery development and ultimately their applications in microfluidic chip and additive manufacturing.
A NIR‐II AIEgen‐Based Supramolecular Nanodot for Peroxynitrite‐Potentiated Mild‐Temperature Photothermal Therapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Hu Haitao , Li Dan , Dai Wenbin , Jin Qiao , Wang Dong , Ji Jian , Tang Ben Zhong , Tang Zhe
Published: February 2023

Compared to conventional photothermal therapy (PTT) which requires hyperthermia higher than 50 °C, mild‐temperature PTT is a more promising antitumor strategy with much lower phototoxicity to neighboring normal tissues. However, the therapeutic efficacy of mild‐temperature PTT is always restricted by the thermoresistance of cancer cells. To address this issue, a supramolecular drug nanocarrier is fabricated to co‐deliver nitric oxide (NO) and photothermal agent DCTBT with NIR‐II aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristic for mild‐temperature PTT. NO can be effectively released from the nanocarriers in intracellular reductive environment and DCTBT is capable of simultaneously producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hyperthermia upon 808 nm laser irradiation. The generated ROS can further react with NO to produce peroxynitrite (ONOOˉ) bearing strong oxidization and nitration capability. ONOOˉ can inhibit the expression of heat shock proteins (HSP) to reduce the thermoresistance of cancer cells, which is necessary to achieve excellent therapeutic efficacy of DCTBT‐based PTT at mild temperature (<50 °C). The antitumor performance of ONOOˉ‐potentiated mild‐temperature PTT is validated on subcutaneous and orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) models. This research puts forward an innovative strategy to overcome thermoresistance for mild‐temperature PTT, which provides new inspirations to explore ONOOˉ‐sensitized tumor therapy strategies.
The impact of swaddling upon breastfeeding: A critical review
Authors: Dixley Allison , Ball Helen L.
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Many parents swaddle their infants to promote sleep and reduce night‐waking, however lack of definitive evidence about the pros and cons of swaddling when breastfeeding hinders postnatal recommendations regarding this infant care practice. This review critically examines research conducted on the impact of swaddling upon breastfeeding.

Methods

Only two recent studies on swaddling outcomes have reported infant feed‐type, therefore the purpose of this paper is to consider the known effects of swaddling on breastfeeding babies and their mothers. We interpret the existing literature on swaddling in terms of impact on breastfeeding physiology and behaviour during the immediate post‐natal period, and as infancy progresses.

Results

Infants swaddled immediately after birth show a delay in initial breastfeeding, less successful suckling at the breast, reduced intake of breastmilk and greater weight loss compared to un‐swaddled babies. Swaddling visually obscures feeding cues and reduces crying, thereby eliminating two key feeding prompts typically used by parents/carers.

Conclusions

As swaddled babies cry less, and are fed less frequently than un‐swaddled babies some clinical trials position swaddling as a ‘novel weight regulation tool’ to combat obesity. However, in the case of breastfed babies, by reducing feed frequency swaddling may impede maternal milk production and thereby infant growth.
pH‐ and Redox‐Responsive Pickering Emulsions Based on Cellulose Nanocrystal Surfactants
Authors: Yang Yang , Sun Huilou , Wang Meng , Li Mingwei , Zhang Zhen , Russell Thomas P. , Shi Shaowei
Published: February 2023

Nanoparticle surfactants (NPSs), formed by using dynamic interactions between nanoparticles and complementary ligands at the liquid‐liquid interface, have emerged as “smart emulsifiers” with attributes of high emulsification efficiency, long‐term stability, and on‐demand emulsification/demulsification capabilities. However, only pH‐responsiveness can be adopted for the assembly of reported NPSs formed by electrostatic interactions. Here, we propose an alternative design strategy, by taking advantage of the ferrocenium (Fc+) sulfate ion pair, to develop a new type of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) surfactant. The Fc+ groups are sensitive to pH, redox reagents and voltage, imparting the CNC surfactants and derived Pickering emulsions with multi‐stimuli‐responsiveness, and showing promising applications in controllable delivery, release, and biphasic biocatalysis.
Divalent Lanthanide Tetraisobutylaluminates: Reactivity and Living Isoprene Polymerization
Authors: Moinet Eric C. , Wolf Benjamin M. , Tardif Olivier , Maichle‐Mössmer Cäcilia , Anwander Reiner
Published: February 2023

Lanthanide (Ln) tetraisobutylaluminates constitute key components in commercial 1,3‐diene polymerization catalysts, and likewise are the homogeneous rare‐earth‐metal catalysts of prime industrial importance. Discrete divalent rare‐earth‐metal complexes [Ln(AliBu4)2] (Ln=Sm, Eu, Yb) reported here display the first structurally characterized homoleptic metal tetraisobutylaluminates. Treatment of [Ln(AliBu4)2] with C2Cl6 gives access to SmII/SmIII mixed‐valence cluster [Sm6Cl8(AliBu4)6] and the YbII cluster [Yb4Cl4(AliBu4)4], respectively. Reaction with B(C6F5)3 leads to hydride abstraction and formation of arene‐coordinated hydroborates such as [Sm{HB(C6F5)3}2(toluene)2]. Complexes [Ln(AliBu4)2] engage in single‐component isoprene polymerization, affording high cis‐1,4 polyisoprenes with narrow molecular weight distributions. Binary [Yb(AliBu4)2]/[HNPhMe2][B(C6F5)4] fabricates polyisoprene in a perfectly living manner. The catalytically active species are scrutinized by NMR spectroscopy.
In situ Interweaved Binder Framework Mitigating the Structural and Interphasial Degradations of High‐nickel Cathodes in Lithium‐ion Batteries
Authors: Jin Biyu , Cui Zehao , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: February 2023

The practical viability of high‐nickel layered oxide cathodes is compromised by the interphasial and structural degradations. Herein, we demonstrate that by applying an in situ interweaved binder, the cycling stability of high‐nickel cathodes can be significantly improved. Specifically, the results show that the resilient binder network immobilizes the transition‐metal ions, suppresses electrolyte oxidative decomposition, and mitigates cathode particles pulverization, thus resulting in suppressed cathode‐to‐anode chemical crossover and ameliorated chemistry and architecture of electrode‐electrolyte interphases. Pouch full cells with high‐mass‐loading LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cathodes achieve 0.02 % capacity decay per cycle at 1 C rate over 1 000 deep cycles at 4.4 V (vs. graphite). This work demonstrates a rational structural and compositional design strategy of polymer binders to mitigate the structural and interphasial degradations of high‐Ni cathodes in lithium‐ion batteries.
Improving enzymatic performance of antioxidant enzyme catalase in combination with [Mn (phen)2Cl.H2O]Cl.tu complex
Authors: Shahraki Somaye , Shiri Fereshteh , Razmara Zohreh
Published: February 2023

Efforts to synthesize metal complexes that have good biological potency, such as anti‐cancer or antioxidant properties, have expanded. In this study, an Mn complex containing 1,10‐phenanthroline (phen) and thiourea (tu), [Mn (phen)2Cl.H2O]Cl.tu, was selected, and its interaction with the antioxidant enzyme bovine liver catalase (BLC) was evaluated by spectroscopic and molecular docking methods. Our results showed that Mn complex interacts with BLC via a dynamic, endothermic, entropy‐driven mechanism. The binding constants (Kb) of BLC‐Mn complex were 0.62 ± 0.01, 0.73 ± 0.03, and 2.62 ± 0.09 × 103 M−1 at 303, 310, and 317 K, respectively. During complex interaction with catalase, the most important forces involved were hydrophobic forces. Considering that the quenching rate of tryptophan (Trp) was higher than that of tyrosine (Tyr), it can be concluded that Trp is closer to the Mn complex interaction site than Tyr. The CD spectra showed that the BLC secondary structure became more stable in the presence of the Mn complex and could be a reason for improving the catalytic activity of this enzyme. Molecular docking was used to predict that the Mn complex is able to bind to BLC and to identify specific residues. In general, the above Mn complex can be further evaluated as a suitable synthetic metallodrug due to its good antioxidant activity and binding function that improves the enzymatic activity of catalase.
Interplay between Elastic and Electrochemical Properties during Active Material Transitions and Aging of a Lithium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Feiler Simon , Daubinger Philip , Gold Lukas , Hartmann Sarah , Giffin Guinevere A.
Published: February 2023

The interplay between the internal mechanical properties and external mechanical conditions of a battery cell, e. g., Young's modulus and thickness change, has a crucial impact on the cell performance and lifetime, and thus, needs to be fully understood. In this work, 12 Ah lithium‐ion battery pouch cells were studied during cycling and aging by non‐invasive operando ultrasonic and dilation measurements. The effective Young's modulus increases and the thickness varies the most within a single cycle during the graphite transition from stage 1L to 4, at the beginning of the 2 to 1 stage transition and at the phase transition of the nickel‐rich NCM from H2 to H3. After 1000 cycles of aging, the overall effective Young's modulus of the lithium‐ion battery decreases by ∼11 %–12 % and the cell thickness increases irreversibly by ∼3 %–4 %, which is mostly related to a thicker and possibly softer, more porous solid electrolyte interphase layer.
Language as a Specimen
Authors: Solleveld Floris
Published: February 2023

Language was never studied by linguists (or philologists) alone. The greater part of the languages of the world was first known in the West through the reports of missionaries, explorers, and colonial administrators, and what they documented reflected their specific interests. Missionaries wrote catechisms, primers, dictionaries, and Bible translations (especially Lord's Prayers); for explorers and administrators, language was one aspect among many to cover in their accounts of faraway regions. Peoples were identified by their language; toponyms served for geographic description; names of plants and animals were gathered together with specimens and images of plants and animals. In this context, linguistic materials were equally described as “specimens.” This article investigates the various ways in which language material was used and conceived of as a specimen, and the global trajectories of these “specimens.” Especially the role of naturalist explorers deserves closer attention in this regard. What they did, throughout the late 18th and 19th century, was gathering language material as one kind of specimen among others, Forster in the Pacific, Humboldt, Martius, and d'Orbigny in South America, and Peters in Mozambique. Two large‐scale expeditions from the mid‐19th century stand out as examples: the U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838–1842), whose collections later filled the Smithsonian Institution, and the Austrian‐Hungarian Novara expedition (1857–1859).
External physical field‐driven nanocatalytic cancer therapy
Authors: Wu Qingyuan , Zhang Haoyuan , Liu Huiyu
Published: February 2023

Recently, variable nanocatalysts have provided novel, highly selective, minimally invasive strategies driven by external physical fields for cancer therapy. In the catalytic reaction, less toxic or nontoxic substances can be in situ converted into toxic agents for cancer suppression. In this review, we systematically summarize the catalytic cancer therapy based on different types of external physical fields, including light, ultrasound, electricity, temperature, X‐ray, magnetic field, and microwave. The properties, mechanisms, and advantages of the corresponding external physical fields in cancer therapy are also introduced. Importantly, considering the rapid development of catalytic nanomedicine, the research progress of catalytic cancer therapy driven by external physical fields is discussed. Finally, the remaining challenges and outlooks that catalytic cancer therapy faced are also outlined. We believe that the emerging external physical fields‐driven nanocatalytic cancer therapy will provide a new avenue for cancer treatment.
Electrocatalysts based on MoS2 and WS2 for hydrogen evolution reaction: An overview
Authors: Van Nguyen Tuan , Tekalgne Mahider , Nguyen Thang Phan , Van Le Quyet , Ahn Sang Hyun , Kim Soo Young
Published: February 2023

Recently, hydrogen energy has been significantly investigated by numerous technologies. To date, noble platinum group metals have often been employed to fabricate working electrodes for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Therefore, the demand of highly active HER catalysts based on effective and lower‐cost materials is becoming more and more critical. Transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) materials could be one of the most suitable materials for these requirements because they possess numerous unique mechanical, electronic, and chemical characteristics that are greatly beneficial for HER processes. Among many TMD materials, tungsten disulfide (WS2) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) are the most well‐known TMD materials which have been intensively studied for different applications, including HER, batteries, and supercapacitors. In this review, we tried to cover the HER mechanism of catalysts and their parameters. Besides that, the structures, properties, preparation, and HER performance of catalyst materials based on WS2 and MoS2 are comprehensively discussed. After that, the challenges and future trends of catalysts based on WS2 and MoS2 for HER are also considered.
Three‐dimensional reconstruction of the innervation of the female pelvis: A review of current methods
Authors: Tomalty Diane , Giovannetti Olivia , Velikonja Leah , Balamane Saad , Morcos Maya , Adams Michael A.
Published: February 2023

The three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction of tissues is a valuable approach for elucidating the anatomy of nerves and plexuses, which are often microscopic in nature and therefore difficult to fully appreciate using gross dissection approaches alone. A common workflow which can be used to generate such 3D models has yet to be comprehensively described. This study aimed to review 3D reconstruction methodologies and findings related to human female pelvic innervation to determine whether there is an optimal methodology and identify the limitations of these approaches. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using keywords including 3D reconstruction, human female pelvic nerves, and innervation. Twenty relevant articles published between 2003 and 2019 were selected for review. The 3D reconstruction of female pelvic innervation generally follows two workflows involving either immunohistochemistry (IHC) (n = 16) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (n = 4). There were commonalities among the general steps reported for 3D tissue reconstruction across these two imaging methodologies. Notably, there was some variability in study methodology across the studies reviewed, suggesting there is not a clear best practice for the reconstruction of these tissues. Information that generates 3D mapping of innervation has important clinical applications, such as informing and optimizing surgical approaches to avoid damage to local innervation. IHC and MRI‐based approaches are both feasible for the reconstruction of pelvic innervation, though there are advantages and disadvantages to both. Information from this review can be used to help inform the development of 3D models of female pelvic innervation in the future.
Three New Selaginellin Derivatives from Selaginella pulvinata and Their α‐Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity
Authors: Zhu Qin‐Feng , Luo Tian‐Tian , Chen Qian , Gao Bei‐Bei , Zeng Ai‐Fen , Ao Jun‐Li , Xu Guo‐Bo , Liao Shang‐Gao , He Xun
Published: February 2023

Three new selaginellin derivatives, selaginpulvilins V‐X (1–3), together with seven known analogs (4–10) were isolated from whole plants of Selaginella pulvinata. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR, HR‐ESI‐MS and chemical derivatization method. Compound 1 represents a rare example of naturally occurring selaginellin with an alkynylphenol‐trimmed skeleton. Biological evaluation showed that compounds 2, 6 and 8 displayed moderate inhibition against α‐glucosidase with IC50 values of 3.71, 2.04 and 4.00 μM, respectively.
A roadmap to arrhythmias after transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement in pediatric patients
Authors: El Hajj Milad , Krajcer Zvonimir
Published: February 2023

Key Points

In pediatric patients undergoing balloon‐expandable transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement within the native right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT), postprocedural ventricular arrhythmias were common and occurred in 33% of patients.

Patients with postprocedural ventricular arrhythmias had a benign course, and all patients with follow‐up were successfully weaned off antiarrhythmic therapy.

Patients with previous transannular patch repairs in the RVOT had an overall lower ventricular arrhythmia burden.
Electrochemical Atom Transfer Radical Addition of Polychloroalkanes to Olefins Promoted by 4,4‐Di‐tert‐butyl Bipyridine
Authors: Lian Fei , Luo Feixian , Wang Meng , Xu Kun , Zeng Chengchu
Published: February 2023

Comprehensive Summary

A new electrochemical strategy for the atom transfer radical addition (ATRA) of polychloroalkanes across olefins has been realized by the synergism of paired electrolysis and halogen bonding activation. Notably, readily accessible 4,4‐di‐tert‐butyl bipyridine (dtbpy), acting as a halogen bonding acceptor, shifted the reduction potential of C—Cl bonds positively by 110 mV. The decreased operating potential leads to a wide substrate scope and excellent functional group compatibility. A diverse array of terminal and internal alkenes such as (hetero)aryl olefins, unactive aliphatic olefins, and natural products and drugs‐derived olefins were well compatible.
Long‐Lived Luminescence Emitted from Imide Compounds Dispersed in Polymer Matrices after Continuous Ultraviolet Irradiation and its Relation to Oxygen Quenching
Authors: Doi Marina , Ishige Ryohei , Ando Shinji
Published: February 2023

Long‐lived room‐temperature delayed phosphorescence, called prolonged irradiation‐induced delayed luminescence (PIDL), was observed in air for three imide compounds (ICs) dispersed in polymethyl methacrylate under UV irradiation after an induction time of 1.60–6.78 min, whereas the ICs alone showed only fluorescence after a short period of UV irradiation. The PIDL emission continued as an afterglow for several seconds (0.36–1.30 s) after the irradiation was stopped. In the initial stage of irradiation, the ICs in the excited triplet state (T1) generated via intersystem crossing were immediately quenched by ground state triplet molecular oxygen (3O2), and the excited state energy of ICs was transferred by photosensitization to 3O2, generating singlet oxygen (1O2), causing a gradual depletion of the concentration of 3O2 in the host matrix. When most of the 3O2 adjacent to the ICs had been consumed, the ICs started to emit a PIDL. The induction time until the appearance of PIDL was linearly proportional to the 3O2 concentration. Optical measurements and numerical simulations based on the Jablonski diagram support the PIDL generation mechanism and reveal the relationships between the rate constants and oxygen permeabilities of the host matrices.
Overview of Admixture Mapping
Authors: Shriner Daniel
Published: February 2023

Admixture mapping is a powerful method of gene mapping for diseases or traits that show differential risk by ancestry. Admixture mapping has been applied most often to Americans who trace ancestry to various combinations of Native Americans, Europeans, and West Africans. Recent developments in admixture mapping include improvements in the methods and reference data needed to make inferences about ancestry as well as extensions of the mapping approach in the framework of linear mixed models. This overview outlines the key concepts of admixture mapping. It describes approaches for inferring local ancestry and provides strategies for performing admixture mapping depending on the study design. Finally, linkage analysis, association analysis, and admixture mapping are compared, with an emphasis on integrating admixture mapping and association testing. Published 2023. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Generic Model for Plant Uptake of Ionizable Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products
Authors: Trapp Stefan , Shi Junxuan , Zeng Landi
Published: February 2023

Plant uptake of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) has been recognized as a potential path to human exposure. Most existing regressions and uptake models are limited to neutral organic compounds, but 80% of pharmaceuticals and an unknown number of personal care products ionize under environmentally relevant conditions. A widely used generic plant uptake model was expanded step-by-step with processes relevant for weak and strong acids and bases, such as ionization, membrane permeability, ion trap, phloem transport, and sorption to proteins. The differential equation system was solved analytically, and the equations were implemented in a spreadsheet version. The changes in predicted plant uptake of neutral substances, acids, and bases were found for a range of key input data (log KOW, pKa, pH, sorption to proteins). For neutral compounds, sorption to proteins and phloem transport are of relevance only for the more polar compounds (low log KOW, ≤2). Weak acids (pKa ≤6) are trapped in phloem due to pH-related effects, and in roots when pH in soil is low (pH 4–5). Cations sorb stronger and hence show less bioavailability and less translocation than anions. Sorption to proteins reduces translocation to leaves and fruits for all substances, but this is more evident for polar and ionic compounds that have negligible sorption to lipids. The new generic model considers additional processes that are of relevance for polar and ionizable substances. It might be used instead of existing standard approaches for chemical risk assessment and assessment of the environmental fate of PPCPs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:793–804. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.

Abstract

Most existing regressions and uptake models are limited to neutral organic compounds, but 80% of pharmaceuticals and many personal care products ionize under environmentally relevant conditions. Quantification of their plant uptake requires the consideration of additional processes. PPCPs, Pharmaceuticals and personal care products.
Cross‐sectional associations between healthy eating index and thyroid function in U.S. male Adults, NHANES 2007–2012
Authors: Chen Yiqiu , Han Ting
Published: February 2023

Little is known about whether diet quality is associated with thyroid function. We aimed to examine the relationship between diet quality and thyroid function. Data were from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 2007–2012. A total of 3603 males who were at least 20 years old and had dietary recall data were included in the analysis. Thyroid function was assessed by eight indexes, including total and thyroglobulin antibodies, thyroid peroxidase antibodies, free T4 and T3, total T4 and T3, Tg, and thyroid‐stimulating hormone. Multivariable linear regression, subgroup analyses, and interaction terms were employed to test the association between healthy eating index (HEI) and thyroid function. A total of 3603 male participants aged ≥20 years with an average age of 48.17 ± 0.51 years were enrolled. We found a negative association between HEI‐2010 and total T3 (β = −3.41; p = .01) and free T3 (β = −0.06; p = .01). In subgroup analyses, HEI‐2010 was negatively associated with TT3 in male participants aged <65 years old (β = −4.57; p < .01) and FT3 (β = −0.09; p < .001). Higher HEI‐2010 was inversely associated with lower total T3 and free T3. More well‐designed studies are still needed to validate the causal relationship between HEI and thyroid function.
Benzo[b]fluoranthene induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in human airway epithelial cells via mitochondrial disruption
Authors: Bao Qixue , Zhao Shanshan , Liu Yongqi , Yao Yuqin , You Jia , Xiong Jingyuan
Published: February 2023

Benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF) is a common constituent of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). While numerous studies revealed adverse effects of PAHs on human health, the health effects of individual PAHs differ, and few investigations were performed on BbF. Therefore, the present study established cytotoxicity models of human lung epithelial cells (BEAS‐2B cells) and bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE cells) exposed to BbF (10, 20, and 40 μM) for 24 h to reveal the mechanisms. Results from cytotoxicity and proliferation studies demonstrated that BbF inhibited cell growth in a dose‐dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis showed that BbF induced the appearance of a sub G1 peak, S‐phased arrest, and apoptosis in both cells. Mechanistic investigations illustrated that BbF promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, altered the expression of oxidative stress indicators, and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. BbF also interfered with the expression of regulators associated with mitochondria disruption pathway. Taken together, these results strongly suggested that BbF inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in human airway epithelial cells via ROS‐mediated mitochondria disruption.
Influence of fine‐grained structure produced by groove pressing on the properties of pure Mg and commercial ZE41 alloy
Authors: Sahu Manas Ranjan , Sampath Kumar T. S. , Chakkingal Uday , Dewangan Vimal Kumar , Doble Mukesh
Published: February 2023

Biodegradable metals are important for temporary implant applications. However, poor mechanical properties and higher degradation rate of Mg and its commercial alloys is a major disadvantage. In this study, the above properties were tailored using the groove pressing (GP) technique. Uniform fine‐grained (UFG) pure Mg and ZE41 alloy were obtained using GP technique. The impact of GP‐induced microstructural changes and surface characteristics on mechanical performance, degradation behavior, biomineralization, surface wettability, and cytocompatibility were investigated. The groove‐pressed pure Mg and ZE41 alloy had grain sizes of approximately 30 ± 7.8 and 25 ± 7.5 μm, respectively. The hardness of groove‐pressed pure Mg and ZE41 alloy increased by 40% and 26%, respectively, when compared to the annealed condition. Enhanced strength and elongation were observed with these samples. The potentiodynamic polarization test showed a higher Ecorr and lower Icorr values for groove‐pressed sample when compared to the annealed condition indicating decreased degradation rate. The weight loss data from immersion tests also show that the degradation rate decreases with time confirming the surface passivity of the sample. The degradation rate decreased by 37% and 44% in simulated body fluid for pure Mg and ZE41 alloy, respectively, after GP. The higher hydroxyapatite deposition on the groove‐pressed sample than the annealed sample, as observed from surface morphology studies after immersion in simulated body fluid, confirms the increased biomineralization tendency after GP. The higher wettability of the groove‐pressed sample leads to higher cell adhesion and cell viability when compared to the annealed sample indicating higher biocompatibility.
Ultrasound and fetal magnetic resonance imaging: Clinical performance in the prenatal diagnosis of orofacial clefts and mandibular abnormalities
Authors: Tonni Gabriele , Peixoto Alberto Borges , Werner Heron , Grisolia Gianpaolo , Ruano Rodrigo , Sepulveda Francisco , Sepulveda Waldo , Araujo Júnior Edward
Published: February 2023

Cleft lip, with or without cleft palate, is the most common congenital craniofacial anomaly and the second most common birth defect worldwide. Micrognathia is a rare facial malformation characterized by small, underdeveloped mandible and frequently associated with retrognathia. Second‐ and third‐trimester prenatal ultrasound is the standard modality for screening and identification of fetal orofacial abnormalities, with a detection rate in the low‐risk population ranging from 0% to 73% for all types of cleft. The prenatal ultrasonography detection can also be performed during the first trimester of pregnancy. Given the potential limitations of obstetric ultrasound for examining the fetal face, such as suboptimal fetal position, shadowing from the surrounding bones, reduce amniotic fluid around the face, interposition of fetal limbs, umbilical cord and placenta, and maternal habitus/abdominal scars, the use of adjunct imaging modalities can enhance prenatal diagnosis of craniofacial anomalies in at‐risk pregnancies. Fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a potentially useful second‐line investigation for the prenatal diagnosis of orofacial malformations with a pooled sensitivity of 97%. In this review, we discuss the role of ultrasound and fetal MRI in the prenatal assessment of abnormalities of the upper lip, palate, and mandible.
Effect of olive‐processing technology on the utilization of olive mill pomace as a soil amendment
Authors: Černe Marko , Palčić Igor , Major Nikola , Pasković Igor , Perković Josipa , Užila Zoran , Lukić Marina , Romić Marija , Zubin Ferri Tea , Goreta Ban Smiljana , Lapanje Aleš , Hreščak Jitka , Heath David John , Ban Dean
Published: February 2023

In the Mediterranean basin, the treatment and disposal of olive mill pomace (OMP) remain a salient environmental issue for the olive oil‐producing industry. This study assesses the effects of olive‐processing technology (three‐phase and two‐phase systems) on the potential use of OMP as a soil amendment. Samples from 12 Croatian olive mills were analyzed for their total phenolic content (TPC), residual oil fraction, and elemental concentration. The samples were profiled using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and structurally characterized using scanning electron microscopy‐energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS). Compared to three‐phase samples, two‐phase OMP was more acidic (pH 4.5 vs. 5.0), with a higher TPC (3835 vs. 1576 mg/kg fresh weight), oil content (11.7% vs. 7.5% d.w., where d.w. is dry weight), electrical conductivity (EC, 5.1 vs. 3.0 mS/cm), and levels of calcium (Ca, 1.34 vs. 1.20 g/kg d.w.) and copper (Cu, 10.4 vs. 7.0 mg/kg d.w.). Similar values of carbon/nitrogen (C/N; 61 vs. 72), N (10 vs. 8.1 g/kg d.w.), phosphorus (1040 vs. 691 mg/kg d.w.), and potassium (K, 13.7 vs. 8.1 g/kg d.w.) were observed. The amounts of chromium, copper, nickel, and zinc were below EC limits in both cases. The EDS mapping revealed that Ca was concentrated at sharp‐edged OMP particles while K was evenly distributed, suggesting that pelletized OMP compost is preferable for amending soil to obtain a homogeneous distribution of nutrients. It was also possible to distinguish between OMPs based on oil and lignin absorption bands in their FT‐IR spectra. According to the obtained results, composting is recommended for both types of OMP to produce a safe product for amendment purposes.
Application of CAR‐T cell technology in autoimmune diseases and human immunodeficiency virus infection treatment
Authors: Adabi Nasim , Pordel Safoora , Rezaee Mohammad Ali , Shobeiri Fatemeh Sadat , Shobeiri Saeideh Sadat
Published: February 2023

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy is an immunotherapy approach that has played a tremendous role in the battle against cancer for years. Since the CAR T lymphocytes are unrestricted‐major histocompatibility complex T lymphocytes, they could identify more targets than natural T cells, resulting in practical and widespread functions. The good prospects of CAR T‐cell therapy in oncology can be additionally applied to treat other diseases such as autoimmune and infectious diseases. CAR‐T cell‐derived immunotherapy for autoimmune disorders can be allocated to CAR‐Tregs and chimeric autoantibody receptor T cells. Other generations of CARs target human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) proteins. In this review, we summarize CAR‐T cell therapies in autoimmune disorders and HIV infection.
Alcohol use, suicidality and virologic non‐suppression among young adults with perinatally acquired HIV in Thailand: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Aurpibul Linda , Kosalaraksa Pope , Kawichai Surinda , Lumbiganon Pagakrong , Ounchanum Pradthana , Natalie Songtaweesin Wipaporn , Sudjaritruk Tavitiya , Chokephaibulkit Kulkanya , Rungmaitree Supattra , Suwanlerk Tulathip , Ross Jeremy L. , Sohn Annette H. , Puthanakit Thanyawee ,   the Thai PAPAYA study team
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Young adults with perinatally acquired HIV (YA‐PHIV) are facing transitions to adult life. This study assessed health risk behaviours (including substance use), mental health, quality of life (QOL) and HIV treatment outcomes of Thai YA‐PHIV.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted in Thai YA‐PHIV aged 18–25 years who were enrolled in a prospective cohort study at five tertiary paediatric HIV care centres in Thailand. Study data were obtained through face‐to‐face interviews from November 2020 to July 2021. Assessments were performed for alcohol use (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; AUDIT), smoking (Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence), drug/substance use (Drug Abuse Screening Test; DAST‐10), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire for Adolescents; PHQ‐A), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder; GAD‐7) and QOL (World Health Organization QOL Brief‐Thai). HIV treatment outcomes were extracted from the National AIDS Program database.

Results

Of 355 YA‐PHIV, 163 (46%) were males: their median age was 21.7 (interquartile range, IQR 20.2–23.5) years. There were 203 YA‐PHIV (58%) who reported ever having sex; 141 (40%) were sexually active in the past 6 months, of whom 86 (61%) reported 100% condom use. Overall, 49 (14%) met the criteria for harmful alcohol use; 28 (7.9%) were alcohol dependent. Sixty (17%) were current smokers and 37 (11%) used drugs/substances. The frequency of moderate up to severe symptoms for depression was 18% and for anxiety was 9.7%. Their overall QOL was good in 180 (51%), moderate in 168 (47%) and poor in five (1.4%). There were 49 YA‐PHIV (14%) with CD4 <200 cells/mm3 and 85 (24%) with virologic non‐suppression (HIV‐RNA >200 copies/ml). On multivariate analyses, the highest education at the primary to high school or vocational school levels (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.02, 95% CI 1.40–3.95, p 0.04), harmful alcohol use (aOR 2.48, 95% CI 1.24–4.99, p 0.01), alcohol dependence (aOR 3.54, 95% CI 1.51–8.31, p <0.01) and lifetime suicidal attempt (aOR 2.66, 95% CI 1.11–6.35, p 0.03) were associated with non‐suppression.

Conclusions

Regular screening for alcohol use and mental health, including suicidality, would be useful to identify YA‐PHIV who need more intensive psychosocial support or referral services to ensure they can achieve and maintain a high QOL into adult life.
Intra‐ and Inter‐visit Repeatability of 129Xenon Multiple‐Breath Washout MRI in Children With Stable Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease
Authors: Alam Faiyza S. , Zanette Brandon , Munidasa Samal , Braganza Sharon , Li Daniel , Woods Jason C. , Ratjen Felix , Santyr Giles
Published: February 2023

Background

Multiple‐breath washout (MBW) 129Xe MRI (MBW Xe‐MRI) is a promising technique for following pediatric cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease progression. However, its repeatability in stable CF needs to be established to use it as an outcome measure for novel therapies.

Purpose

To assess intravisit and intervisit repeatability of MBW Xe‐MRI in healthy and CF children.

Study Type

Prospective, longitudinal cohort study.

Subjects

A total of 18 pediatric subjects (7 healthy, 11 CF).

Field Strength/Sequence

A 3 T/2D coronal hyperpolarized (HP) 129Xe images using GRE sequence.

Assessment

All subjects completed MBW Xe‐MRI, pulmonary function tests (PFTs) (spirometry, nitrogen [N2] MBW for lung clearance index [LCI]) and ventilation defect percent (VDP) at baseline (visit 1) and 1‐month after. Fractional ventilation (FV), coefficient of variation (CoVFV) maps were calculated from MBW Xe‐MRI data acquired between intervening air washout breaths performed after an initial xenon breath‐hold. Skewness of FV and CoVFV map distributions was also assessed.

Statistical Tests

Repeatability: intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), within‐subject coefficient of variation (CV%), repeatability coefficient (CR). Agreement: Bland–Altman. For correlations between MBW Xe‐MRI, VDP and PFTs: Spearman's correlation. Significance threshold: P < 0.05.

Results

For FV, intravisit median [IQR] ICC was high in both healthy (0.94 [0.48, 0.99]) and CF (0.83 [0.04, 0.97]) subjects. CoVFV also had good intravisit ICC in healthy (0.92 [0.42, 0.99]) and CF (0.79 [0.02, 0.96]) subjects. Similarly, for FV, intervisit ICC was high in health (0.94 [0.68, 0.99]) and CF (0.89 [0.61, 0.97]). CoVFV also had good intervisit ICC in health (0.92 [0.42, 0.99]) and CF (0.78 [0.26, 0.94]). FV had better intervisit repeatability than VDP. CoVFV correlated significantly with LCI (R = 0.56). Skewness of FV distributions significantly distinguished between cohorts at baseline.

Data Conclusion

MBW Xe‐MRI had high intravisit and intervisit repeatability in healthy and stable CF subjects. CoVFV correlated with LCI, suggesting the importance of ventilation heterogeneity to early CF.

Evidence Level

1.

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2.
Head‐to‐head comparison of genotyping of human papillomavirus by real‐time multiplex PCR assay using type‐specific primers and SPF10‐PCR‐based line probe assay
Authors: Yin Jian , Peng Siying , Zhang Changning , Li Xinyue , Hu Fangfang , Chen Wen , Qiao Youlin
Published: February 2023

The SPF10‐polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based line probe assay (LiPA‐25) with high analytical sensitivity and specificity for human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping in clinical samples has been widely used in vaccine and epidemiologic studies. A real‐time multiplex PCR assay using type‐specific primers (Hybribio‐23) with low workload and cost has been developed recently. The study aimed to compare the performance of LiPA‐25 and Hybribio‐23 in selected 1731 cervical swab and 117 tissue samples, with a focus on 20 common HPV types (14 high‐risk: 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, and 68/73; 6 low‐risk: 6, 11, 42, 43, 44, and 53). The level of agreement of two assays was determined using Cohen's Kappa (κ) statistics. A total of 1296 (74.9%) swab samples were identified as HPV‐positive by Hybribio‐23 or LiPA‐25, of which 814 (62.8%) samples exhibited concordant, 358 (27.6%) showed additional or fewer types (compatible), and 124 (9.6%) were discordant. In addition, the two assays showed a perfect agreement for 20 HPV‐combined detection (κ = 0.838) and 17 individual HPV types (all κ > 0.800), a good agreement for HPV31 (κ = 0.792) and 43 (κ = 0.696), and a moderate agreement for HPV42 (κ = 0.504). Hybribio‐23 was significantly more sensitive for HPV58, 59, 68/73, 42, 43, and 44, and less sensitive for HPV35 and 66 than LiPA‐25 (McNemar's test: all p < 0.05). For 117 HPV‐positive tissue specimens, the identification of genotypes was 85.2% identical, 12.2% compatible, and only 2.6% discordant. The agreement for HPV31 (κ = 0.786), 68/73 (κ = 0.742), and HPV53 (κ = 0.742) was good, while for other types (all κ > 0.853) and 20 HPV‐combined detection (κ = 0.936) was perfect (all p > 0.05). In conclusion, Hybribio‐23 and LiPA‐25 are comparable. Hybribio‐23 could be used for the detection and genotyping of HPV in cervical samples for epidemiological and vaccine studies worldwide.
Promotion and caution in research article abstracts: The use of positive, negative and hedge words across disciplines and rankings
Authors: Xie Shaoliang , Mi Chenggang
Published: February 2023

Abstract as a promotional genre has been an increasing interest in recent years, leading to an intriguing debate on the objectivity of scientific writing. The present study investigated the promotion and caution in research article abstracts through the use of positive, negative and hedge words across disciplines and rankings based on a large and principled dataset (more than 12.6 million words). The corpus was designed and built with full consideration of representativeness, structure, balance, and size in terms of discipline and ranking. The results showed that positive words were more frequently used than negative words in terms of both discipline and ranking, positive and negative words were more frequently used in hard sciences than those in soft sciences and high ranking journals than those in low ranking journals, and hedge words were more frequently used in high ranking journals and soft sciences. Further investigation also found a complexity of frequency patterns when two disciplines were broken down into specific categories. The more frequent use of positive words in abstracts to promote scientific research was discussed from the perspective of disciplinary knowledge construction in addition to the publication bias, the outcome reporting bias, and universal linguistic positivity bias.
Bilirubin Removal by Polymeric Adsorbents for Hyperbilirubinemia Therapy
Authors: Wang Yilin , Wei Ran , Zhao Weifeng , Zhao Changsheng
Published: February 2023

Hyperbilirubinemia, presenting as jaundice, is a life‐threatening critical illness in newborn babies and acute severe hepatic failure patients. Over the past few decades, extracorporeal hemoadsorption by adsorbent therapy has been widely applied in the treatment of hyperbilirubinemia. The capability of hemoadsorption depends on the adsorbents. Most of the clinically used bilirubin adsorbents are made up of styrene/divinylbenzene copolymer and quaternary ammonium salt, which usually have poor biocompatibility and weak mechanical strength. To overcome the drawbacks of commercial polymer adsorbents, advanced synthetic and natural polymers with/without nanomaterials have been designed, and novel adsorbent fabrication technologies have also been developed. In this review, the adsorption mechanism of bilirubin adsorbents has been summarized, which is the basic criterion in adsorbent development. Furthermore, the preparation method, adsorption mechanism, relative merits and practicability of the emerging bilirubin adsorbents have been evaluated. Based on the existing studies, this work highlights the future direction of the efforts on how to design and develop bilirubin adsorbents with good overall clinical performance. Perhaps this study can change traditional perspectives and propose new strategies for bilirubin clearance from the aspects of pathogenic mechanisms, metabolic pathways, and material‐based innovation.
Plasma Biomarkers and Positron Emission Tomography Tau Pathology in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
Authors: Huang Shu‐Yi , Chen Shu‐Fen , Cui Mei , Zhao Meng , Shen Xue‐Ning , Guo Yu , Zhang Ya‐Ru , Zhang Wei , Wang Hui‐Fu , Huang Yu‐Yuan , Cheng Wei , Zuo Chuan‐Tao , Dong Qiang , Yu Jin‐Tai
Published: February 2023

Background

Development of disease‐modifying therapeutic trials of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) urges the need for sensitive fluid biomarkers.

Objectives

The objectives of this study were to explore the utility of plasma biomarkers in the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and assessment of disease severity, brain atrophy, and tau deposition in PSP.

Methods

Plasma biomarkers were measured using a single‐molecule array in a cohort composed of patients with PSP, Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple system atrophy with predominant parkinsonism (MSA‐P), and healthy controls (HCs).

Results

Plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) outperformed other plasma makers (ie, glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP], phosphorylated‐tau 181 [p‐tau181], amyloid‐β 1–40, amyloid‐β 1–42) in identifying PSP from HC (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.904) and from MSA‐P (AUC = 0.711). Plasma GFAP aided in distinguishing PSP from HC (AUC = 0.774) and from MSA‐P (AUC = 0.832). It correlated with brainstem atrophy and higher regional tau accumulation. However, plasma p‐tau181 neither helped in diagnosis nor was it associated with clinical or neuroimaging measures.

Conclusions

Plasma NfL and GFAP showed different values in differentiating PSP from HC or controls with other forms of neurodegenerative parkinsonism and detecting disease severity, brain atrophy, or tau deposition in PSP. © 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.