bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sex, Sea, and Self
Authors: Couti Jacqueline
Published: May 2022

Sex, Sea, and Self excavates forgotten voices and their layered discourses to underscore the complexity of identity politics in the French Caribbean between 1924 and 1948. This study looks at a time of chaotic transition and renewed conflict to transform our understanding of Francophone literary canons. An emphasis on women’s experiences and feminine authorship, for instance, insists on the significance of theoretical contributions by French Antillean women intellectuals to the domain of Caribbean critical theory. However, this study also offers original approaches to works by male authors of African descent. Putting in contrast Suzanne Lacascade’s, the Nardal sisters’, Mayotte Capécia’s, Jenny Alpha’s, Sully Lara’s, and Raphaël Tardon’s visions of Black humanism, history, knowledge construction, and selfhood reveals their conflicted rhetorics and performance, the ambivalent, slippery, and contradictory beliefs at the heart of their texts. These writers at times both reject and reproduce the metropolitan or white Creole exotic colonial mythology of Creole women and sexual stereotypes for their own political, cultural, and personal ends. Teasing out the politics of eroticism and the rhetoric of victimization in the expression of nation-building exposes the epistemic complicity between Black and white, colonial, and postcolonial discourses. Indeed, the social fabric of the twentieth century owes much to that of the nineteenth century, into which white Creole ideology and colonial discourse were woven. Sex, Sea, and Self (re)calibrates the canon of French Caribbean literature underpinning Caribbean critical theory, colonial history, and literary aesthetics, which allows for the exploration of novel paradigms of selfhood.
The Doudou Strikes Back
Authors: Couti Jacqueline
Published: May 2022

Chapter 1 presents both a historical contextualization of the corpus under study and a reconsideration of the terms doudou and doudouisme. For that purpose, this chapter highlights the salience of historical moments such as the Interwar Vichy Regime in the French Antilles (called Antan Robè in Martinique) and departementalization. The goal here is elucidate the effects of the cultural commodification against which Suzanne Lacascade, the Nardal sisters, and Mayotte Capécia fought. These women strove not only to create literature but to recreate themselves in a world where at times, despite themselves, they seemed to perform (or even embody) the doudou. For that purpose, this chapters offers a juxtaposition of the study of these women’s works with William Dufougeré’s Madinina, “Reine des Antilles”: Étude de mœurs martiniquaises (1929) and René Crevel’s “The Negress in the Brothel” (1934). This approach brings forth the feminist and radical aspects of French Antillean women’s engagement with a virulent web of colonial patriarchy.
Transatlantic Women’s Voices
Authors: Couti Jacqueline
Published: May 2022

Chapter 2 examines the works of Lacascade and the Nardal sisters in order to demonstrate how educated women of the French Caribbean elite of color and the Black middle class stood at the vanguard of the promotion of Black humanism and the fight for equality. These writers’ efforts undermine the motif of the doudou as the political expression of Black feminism, striking back at white and Black patriarchy and its gendered colonial discourse. Lacascade creates a national (family) romance, a political love story ending with a marriage showing what it means to be a good French citizen, an allegorical representation of the political and national union between France and the colony Martinique, in her novel Claire-Solange, âme africaine [Claire-Solange, african Soul]. As for the Nardal sisters, they critique a racist and sexist construction of Blackness. Through their denunciation of the French sexual exoticism (doudouisme) disseminated through literature, these women reveal the toxicity of the cultural crosspollination that hinders a nascent Black French feminism.
Deconstruction of the White Creole Myth
Authors: Couti Jacqueline
Published: May 2022

Chapter 4 explores how the Guadeloupean Sully Lara’s Sous l’esclavage clearly sets out to dismantle the narrative of the grandeur of béké (white Creole) culture and patriarchy by depicting the dysfunction of the emblematic Savalon family. Lara offers a rewriting of colonial Guadeloupe during the tumultuous period of the 1848 February Revolution that presents a critical vision of the white Creole oligarchy. Lara grapples with, and also manipulates, colonial archives (narrowly defined). Sous l’esclavage is thus a “historical” novel based on archival research to denounce the white Creole vision of Guadeloupean history. Lara denounces colonial sexual exploitation as exemplified by the motif of rape (of the slave Sida) and the forbidden liaison between a white Creole woman and her Black slave. However, Lara’s narrative praises the French colonial order and minimizes the negative effects of French colonialism even as it betrays his loathing of békés. His discussion of the Code Noir (1685), the set of laws created to govern the relationships between colonizers and the New World peoples under their rule, shows the limitations of his critique of colonialism: Lara argues that the Code Noir was beneficial to slaves and as such was humane, seeming to takes this document at face value.
Forging a Path
Authors: Foley O'Connor Elizabeth
Published: May 2022

Chapter 2 discusses important influences on her early art and her critical reception. It argues that the two most important influences were Arthur Wesley Dow and Howard Pyle. The British Arts and Crafts movement was another key influence. Furthermore, Colman Smith’s life illuminates the ways in which increasing numbers of women navigated a still firmly patriarchal and often misogynistic arts scene. In order to sustain herself, Colman Smith began to surround herself with a network of women artists and writers. These female artistic communities were to provide key support and encouragement to her over the course of her life, especially as she became jaded by the false promises of her male patrons and publishers. The chapter concludes by asserting that we can see the clear feminist focus in her early work through her emphasis on strong female characters, such as her portrayal of Lady Macbeth, as well as her distinctive use of color, movement, shape, and line.
Feminist Symbolic Art
Authors: Foley O'Connor Elizabeth
Published: May 2022

Chapter 5 demonstrates that throughout the 1910s, Colman Smith’s interest in and involvement with the occult revival was an important catalyst for her maturation as a symbolic feminist artist. In November of 1901 she became initiated into the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn as the group was beginning to fracture over struggles for control that, at least in part, had their roots in the rapidly changing roles open to women in the early twentieth century. While she did not advance beyond the initiatory levels of the Golden Dawn, it was through the group that she met A. E. Waite and designed the images for the storied tarot deck. This chapter asserts that she began working on designs for the deck earlier than previously believed, and that her music paintings of the 1907–08 period share several similarities with her tarot designs, including frequent use of the Rückenfigur technique, depicting figures with their back to the viewer, and tower symbolism. Based on new archival discoveries, this chapter shows that Colman Smith’s involvement with the women’s suffrage movement, which commenced in earnest in 1909, was an important influence for both her tarot designs and the evolution of her feminist symbolic art.
American Modern(ist) Epic
Authors: Nemmers Adam
Published: May 2022

American Modern(ist) Epic argues that during the 1920s and ‘30s a cadre of minority novelists revitalized the classic epic form in an effort to recast the United States according to modern, diverse, and pluralistic grounds. Rather than adhere to the reification of static culture (as did ancient verse epic), in their prose epics Gertrude Stein and John Dos Passos utilized recursion, bricolage, and polyphony to represent the multifarious immediacy and movement of the modern world. Meanwhile, H. T. Tsiang and Richard Wright created absurd and insipid anti-heroes for their epics, contesting the hegemony of Anglo and capitalist dominance in the United States. In all, I posit, these modern(ist) epic novels undermined and revised the foundational ideology of the United States, contesting notions of individualism, progress, and racial hegemony while modernizing the epic form in an effort to refound the nation. The marriage of this classical form to modernist principles produced transcendent literature and offered a strenuous challenge to the interwar status quo, yet ultimately proved a failure: longstanding American ideology was simply too fixed and widespread to be entirely dislodged.
Variations on a Paradoxical Theme
Authors: Hall Michael Ra-Shon
Published: May 2022

The third chapter continues examination of gendered mobility, travel, and imagination through an analysis of Zora Neale Hurston’s early travels and novels, Jonah’s Gourd Vine (1934) and Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937), both influenced by Hurston’s ethnographic travels collecting folklore in the US South (1928–32). The chapter argues that with these novels Hurston employs a strategy of theme and variation, a self-contained iteration of the African American call-and-response tradition, to first illustrate a problem of gendered mobility and then intervene presenting a new vision of mobility in which women corporeally and psychically challenge, even to some extent surmount, gendered barriers. In Jonah’s Gourd Vine, Hurston presents a vision of mobility in which men are more mobile than women and in which she ties the train image to men’s mobility, and by extension masculinity. In Their Eyes, she makes an artistic intervention depicting the journey of a woman protagonist Janie who struggles against paradigmatic restrictions to assert her right to freedom of mobility.
Dramatizing the African American Experience of Travel in the Jim Crow South
Authors: Hall Michael Ra-Shon
Published: May 2022

The fifth chapter discusses a play by Calvin A. Ramsey inspired by archival research on The Green Book and Jim Crow-era travel: The Green Book: A Play (2006). Ramsey’s two-act play portrays this moment in US history when The Green Book served as a safeguard for African American travelers. Presenting the narratives of a traveling Green Book salesman, a weary Jewish traveler, and a soldier and his wife, who converge on a tourist home in Jefferson City, Missouri, I argue that Ramsey’s play, alongside Andrea Lee’s short musical “The Golden Chariot” (2002), leverages the critical potential of racial binary to heighten focus on the ways that guidebooks came to bear on critical decisions folks made in their travels. Ramsey’s and Lee’s handling of their material throws into relief the disappointment many African American viewers and critics feel at what many see as a missed opportunity with the Academy Award and Golden Globe Award-winning feature film Green Book (2018), directed by Peter Farrelly and starring Mahershala Ali.
Pound’s Composition of Canto 16
Authors: Beall John
Published: May 2022

John Beall’s essay treats Pound’s method in The Cantos, especially in Canto 16, as a result of his cross-genre work as an editor. As with his editing of Fenollosa’s posthumous texts, Pound famously edited two revolutionary modernist texts upon which he had a comparable impact, James Joyce’s Ulysses and T. S. Eliot’s Waste Land. In contrast to his extensive editing of these two works, Beall observes, “Pound’s revising of Canto 16 is a relatively unknown monument of modernist polyphony, a jagged and atonal blending of disparate voices.” Applying ideas from “genetic criticism” to Pound’s  manuscripts of Canto 16, Beall finds evidence of Pound’s response to Joyce’s and Eliot’s seminal modernist texts, each distinguished by its technique of incorporating cross-cultural voices that led Pound to revise Canto 16 in similar fashion, as “he moved carefully from a monologue as an extension of the Hell Cantos 14 and 15 to a polyphony of multilingual voices.” Beall also compares the published text to the recording of Pound reading it at the Spoleto Poetry Festival in 1967, to reveal the Canto’s deadpan humor, as well as its cross-cultural polyphony in conveying the tragic dimensions of World War I.
Rainer Maria Gerhardt and Ezra Pound
Authors: Baumann Walter
Published: May 2022

Walter Baumann investigates the life and work of the relatively obscure figure of Rainer Maria Gerhardt, who was instrumental in translating and promoting Pound in Germany after World War II. Baumann recalls how, when he himself was first studying Pound, he discovered in Clark Emery’s Ideas into Action (1958), an extended quotation from Gerhardt’s 1952 German radio broadcast on The Pisan Cantos, a reference that inspired Baumann to search for this little-known source. It turns out the broadcast was by a German student of poetry who had committed suicide in 1954. Baumann investigates the extent of Gerhardt’s efforts to bring Pound’s work to German-speaking readers: “How Gerhardt managed to make contact with poets and academics specializing in poetry, ‘from under the rubble heap’ (Canto 90/626) that was Germany well into the 1950s, is a miracle,” Baumann writes, “most of all his obtaining the German translation rights to the works of Ezra Pound.” Baumann also tracks Gerhardt’s correspondence with Charles Olson, especially his letters commenting on Olson’s manifesto, “Projective Verse,” as well as Olson’s poem for Gerhardt. This essay demonstrates Pound’s cross-cultural impact on mid-century poetry, through both Gerhardt’s translations and his deeply personal reaction to Pound’s vision.
Before the War, and After the Union
Authors: Williams Samuel "Aleckson"
Published: May 2022

Sam Aleckson was the pen name for Samuel Williams, a man born into slavery in Charleston, South Carolina, who wrote a memoir about his life and the world around him during and after his bondage. It is published here for the first time under his own name and with biographical and interpretive context. Published privately by his family, Before the War and After the Union traces Williams’s life from his earliest memories of being enslaved and forced to serve Confederate soliders in army camps, through the post–Civil War years as his family struggled to reconnect and build a new life during Reconstruction. It the ends with tales about his life as the head of a Southern Black family newly relocated to Vermont at the turn-of-the-century. When he wrote his memoir nearly sixty years after emancipation, Williams was an elderly man, far from the site of his childhood in South Carolina, but his memories and analysis were keen and veer from occasional fraught nostalgia to sharply bitter analysis, creating a fascinating American story of suffering and transcendence.
Childhood
Authors: Aleckson Sam
Published: May 2022

Williams tells of his childhood in Charleston. Discusses learning to read from white enslavers.
The Fickle Maiden
Authors: Aleckson Sam
Published: May 2022

Portrait of the Dane family and their enslaved workers, Discussion of the horse rces in Charleston, SC. Story about his crush on an older girl. He is moved to a plantation labor camp outside of the city. Anecdotes about Christmas time and hunting.
The Hunting Season at Pine Top
Authors: Aleckson Sam
Published: May 2022

Anecdotes about enslavers holding hunting parties. Possible spies and infiltrators are suspected among the enslaved community. One person escapes from slavery. Rumors of the beginnings of the war. Discussion of Fort Sumter
The Big Fire
Authors: Aleckson Sam
Published: May 2022

Williams witnesses the great fire of Charleston in 1861
In the Land of the Puritans
Authors: Aleckson Sam
Published: May 2022

Williams leaves South Carolina for Vermont and discusses the abundance of pie there. Analysis of the character of northern citizens.
DIGITAL RESPONSIBILITY INSIGHTS FROM A CROSS-CULTURAL DESIGN THINKING WORKSHOP FOR CREATIVITY
Authors: Lee Hyun-Kyung , Park Joo Eun
Published: May 2022

To be digitally responsible, one should be aware of the current issues in the digital world; therefore, raising awareness on digital responsibility and data privacy is important in the public and private sectors. This study aimed to raise awareness on digital responsibility and help students understand the importance of utilizing the design thinking process for generating creative ideas. The authors facilitated a design thinking workshop where 62 students from different cultural backgrounds (Korean and Swiss) and majors collaboratively explored data privacy issues and presented their novel, creative solutions. The data gathered from observations and interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. These students of the digital age developed remarkable ones, such as keeping data safe from social networking services and protecting voice data from being recorded by a third party. The cross-cultural, interdisciplinary team rapidly implemented their creative and globally applicable solutions with visually feasible, diagrammed prototypes, which is an effective tool of the design thinking process. The article demonstrates how design thinking techniques could be applied in university classes and could inspire teachers to use the five stages of design thinking in their teaching.
Precise Dynamical Masses of ε Indi Ba and Bb: Evidence of Slowed Cooling at the L/T Transition
Authors: Chen Minghan , Li Yiting , Brandt Timothy D. , Dupuy Trent J. , Cardoso Cátia V. , McCaughrean Mark J.
Published: May 2022

We report individual dynamical masses of 66.92 ± 0.36 M
Jup and 53.25 ± 0.29 M
Jup for the binary brown dwarfs ε Indi Ba and Bb, measured from long-term (≈10 yr) relative orbit monitoring and absolute astrometry monitoring data on the Very Large Telescope (VLT). Relative astrometry with NACO fully constrains the Keplerian orbit of the binary pair, while absolute astrometry with FORS2 measures the system’s parallax and mass ratio. We find a parallax consistent with the Hipparcos and Gaia values for ε Indi A, and a mass ratio for ε Indi Ba to Bb precise to better than 0.2%. ε Indi Ba and Bb have spectral types T1-1.5 and T6, respectively. With an age of

3.5

−
1.0

+
0.8

Gyr from ε Indi A’s activity, these brown dwarfs provide some of the most precise benchmarks for substellar cooling models. Assuming coevality, the very different luminosities of the two brown dwarfs and our moderate mass ratio imply a steep mass–luminosity relationship (

L
∝

M

5.37
±
0.08

) that can be explained by a slowed cooling rate in the L/T transition, as previously observed for other L/T binaries. Finally, we present a periodogram analysis of the near-infrared photometric data, but find no definitive evidence of periodic signals with a coherent phase.
TOI-1696 and TOI-2136: Constraining the Masses of Two Mini-Neptunes with the Habitable-Zone Planet Finder
Authors: Beard Corey , Robertson Paul , Kanodia Shubham , Libby-Roberts Jessica , Cañas Caleb I. , Gupta Arvind F. , Holcomb Rae , Jones Sinclaire , Kobulnicky Henry A. , Lin Andrea S. J. , Lubin Jack , Maney Marissa , Parker Brock A. , Stefánsson Guðmundur , Cochran William D. , Endl Michael , Hebb Leslie , Mahadevan Suvrath , Wisniewski John , Bender Chad F. , Diddams Scott A. , Everett Mark , Fredrick Connor , Halverson Samuel , Hearty Fred , Metcalf Andrew J. , Monson Andrew , Ninan Joe P. , Roy Arpita , Schutte Maria , Schwab Christian , Terrien Ryan C
Published: May 2022

We present the validation of two planets orbiting M dwarfs, TOI-1696b and TOI-2136b. Both planets are mini-Neptunes orbiting nearby stars, making them promising prospects for atmospheric characterization with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). We validated the planetary nature of both candidates using high-contrast imaging, ground-based photometry, and near-infrared radial velocities. Adaptive optics images were taken using the ShARCS camera on the 3 m Shane Telescope. Speckle images were taken using the NN-Explore Exoplanet Stellar Speckle Imager on the WIYN 3.5 m telescope. Radii and orbital ephemerides were refined using a combination of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, the diffuser-assisted Astrophysical Research Consortium (ARC) Telescope Imaging Camera (ARCTIC) imager on the 3.5 m ARC telescope at Apache Point Observatory, and the 0.6 m telescope at Red Buttes Observatory. We obtained radial velocities using the Habitable-Zone Planet Finder on the 10 m Hobby–Eberly Telescope, which enabled us to place upper limits on the masses of both transiting planets. TOI-1696b (P = 2.5 days; R

p
= 3.24 R
⊕; M

p
< 56.6 M
⊕) falls into a sparsely populated region of parameter space considering its host star’s temperature (T
eff = 3168 K, M4.5), as planets of its size are quite rare around mid- to late-M dwarfs. On the other hand, TOI-2136b (P = 7.85 days; R

p
= 2.09 R
⊕; M

p
< 15.0 M
⊕) is an excellent candidate for atmospheric follow-up with the JWST.
Can X-Ray Observations Improve Optical-UV-based Accretion-rate Estimates for Quasars?
Authors: Marlar Andrea , Shemmer Ohad , Brotherton Michael S. , Richards Gordon T. , Dix Cooper
Published: May 2022

Current estimates of the normalized accretion rates of quasars (L/L
Edd) rely on measuring the velocity widths of broad optical-UV emission lines (e.g., Hβ and Mg ii
λ2800). However, such lines tend to be weak or inaccessible in the most distant quasars, leading to increasing uncertainty in L/L
Edd estimates at z > 6. Utilizing a carefully selected sample of 53 radio-quiet quasars that have Hβ and C iv
λ1549 spectroscopy as well as Chandra coverage, we searched for a robust accretion-rate indicator for quasars, particularly at the highest-accessible redshifts (z ∼ 6–7). Our analysis explored relationships between the Hβ-based L/L
Edd, the equivalent width (EW) of C iv, and the optical-to-X-ray spectral slope (α
ox). Our results show that EW(C iv) is the strongest indicator of the Hβ-based L/L
Edd parameter, consistent with previous studies, although significant scatter persists particularly for sources with weak C iv lines. We do not find evidence for the α
ox parameter improving this relation, and we do not find a significant correlation between α
ox and Hβ-based L/L
Edd. This absence of an improved relationship may reveal a limitation of our sample. X-ray observations of additional luminous sources, found at z ≳ 1, may allow us to mitigate the biases inherent in our archival sample and test whether X-ray data could improve L/L
Edd estimates. Furthermore, deeper X-ray observations of our sources may provide accurate measurements of the hard-X-ray power-law photon index (Γ), which is considered an unbiased L/L
Edd indicator. Correlations between EW(C iv) and α
ox with a Γ-based L/L
Edd may yield a more robust prediction of a quasar normalized accretion rate.
Early-stage Coronal Hard X-Ray Source in Solar Flares in the Collapsing Trap Model
Authors: Shabalin Alexander N. , Charikov Yuri E. , Sharykin Ivan N.
Published: May 2022

A bright hard X-ray coronal source observed at the early stage of solar flares is considered. The plasma density in a quiet corona is not enough to explain the hard X-ray bremsstrahlung radiation. The generally accepted concept of increasing plasma density in the looptop is associated with the effect of evaporation of hot chromosphere plasma. We discuss the increase in plasma density at the looptop at the early stage of a flare, due to magnetic loop contraction during the relaxation of the magnetic field (the so-called collapsing trap model). In this case, the increase in the plasma density at the looptop occurs on a timescale of seconds–tens of seconds, while the process of plasma evaporation increases the plasma density for much longer. The Fokker–Planck kinetic equation for accelerated electrons with a betatron and Fermi terms is solved numerically. We calculate increases in the energy of the accelerated electrons, the energy spectrum, and the pitch-angle anisotropy due to betatron and Fermi first-order acceleration. For a collapse time of 8 s, the total energy of the accelerated electrons increases by ∼20%–200%, depending on the model parameters. The ratio of the looptop/total hard X-ray flux at 29–58 keV increases by 15%–30% in the collapsing trap model. It is shown that this model can explain the appearance of bright coronal hard X-ray sources in the first seconds–tens of seconds after the hard X-ray flux starts growing.
Nonthermal Emission from Fall-back Clouds in the Broad-line Region of Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Müller Ana Laura , Naddaf Mohammad-Hassan , Zajaček Michal , Czerny Bożena , Araudo Anabella , Karas Vladimír
Published: May 2022

The spectra of active galactic nuclei exhibit broad-emission lines that presumably originate in the broad-line region (BLR) with gaseous-dusty clouds in a predominantly Keplerian motion around the central black hole. Signatures of both inflow and outflow motion are frequently seen. The dynamical character of BLR is consistent with the scenario that has been branded as the failed radiatively accelerated dusty outflow. In this scheme, frequent high-velocity impacts of BLR clouds falling back onto the underlying accretion disk are predicted. The impact velocities depend mainly on the black hole mass, accretion rate, and metallicity, and they range from a few km s−1 up to thousands of km s−1. Formation of strong shocks due to the collisions can give rise to the production of relativistic particles and associated radiation signatures. In this work, the nonthermal radiation generated in this process is investigated, and the spectral energy distributions for different parameter sets are presented. We find that the nonthermal processes caused by the impacts of clouds can lead to emission in the X-ray and the gamma-ray bands, playing the cloud density and metallicity key roles.
Linking Characteristics of the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Population with Galaxy Properties: A Quantitative Approach Using the NASA Ames PAH IR Spectroscopic Database
Authors: Maragkoudakis A. , Boersma C. , Temi P. , Bregman J. D. , Allamandola L. J.
Published: May 2022

Utilizing the data and tools provided through the NASA Ames PAH IR Spectroscopic Database (PAHdb), we study the PAH component of over 900 Spitzer-IRS galaxy spectra. Employing a database-fitting approach, the average PAH size, the PAH size distribution, and PAH ionization fraction are deduced. In turn, we examine their connection with the properties of the host galaxy. We found that PAH population within galaxies consists of middle-sized PAHs with an average number of carbon atoms of

N

C

¯

= 55, and a charge state distribution of ∼40% ionized—60% neutral. We describe a correlation between the 6.2/11.2 μm PAH ratio with the ionization parameter (

γ
≡

(

G

0

/

n

e

)
(

T

gas

/

1

K
)

0.5

), a moderate correlation between the 8.6/11.2 μm PAH ratio and specific star formation rate, and a weak anticorrelation between γ and M
*. From the PAHdb decomposition, we provide estimates for the 3.3 μm PAH band, not covered by Spitzer observations, and establish a correlation between the 3.3/11.2 μm PAH ratio with N
C. We further deliver a library of mid-IR PAH template spectra parameterized on PAH size and ionization fraction, which can be used in galaxy spectral energy distribution fitting codes for the modeling of the mid-IR PAH emission component in galaxies.
Ion Acoustic Shock Wave Formation and Ion Acceleration in the Interactions of Pair Jets with Electron–ion Plasmas
Authors: Huang Jian , Weng Su-Ming , Wang Xin , Zhong Jia-Yong , Zhu Xing-Long , Li Xiao-Feng , Chen Min , Murakami Masakatsu , Sheng Zheng-Ming
Published: May 2022

Astrophysical jets are ubiquitous in the universe and often associated with compact objects, and their interactions with the ambient medium not only dissipate their own energy but also provide ideal circumstances for particle acceleration. By means of theoretical analysis and particle-in-cell simulations, here we study the ion acoustic shock wave (IASW) formation and consequent ion acceleration when electron–positron (e
−
e
+) jets are injected into ambient electron–ion plasmas. It is found that the Buneman instability can be excited first, which induces the formation of an ion acoustic wave (IAW). As the amplitude of the IAW increases, its waveform is steepened and subsequently an IASW is formed. Some ions in the ambient plasmas will be reflected when they encounter the IASW, and thus can be accelerated to form an energetic ion beam. For an initial e
−
e
+ jet with the Lorentz factor γ
0 = 100 and the ion–electron mass ratio m

i
/m

e
= 1836, the ions can be accelerated up to 580 MeV. This study deepens our understanding of the fireball model of gamma-ray bursts, the shock model of pulsar wind nebulae, the origin of cosmic rays, and other related astrophysical processes.
The use of citizen science in fish eDNA metabarcoding for evaluating regional biodiversity in a coastal marine region: A pilot study
Authors: Miya Masaki , Sado Tetsuya , Oka Shin-ichiro , Fukuchi Takehiko
Published: May 2022

To test the feasibility of a citizen science program for fish eDNA metabarcoding in coastal marine environments, we recruited six groups of voluntary citizens for a science education course at a natural history museum. We held a seminar on eDNA and a workshop for seawater sampling and on-site filtration using syringes and filter cartridges for the participants. After that, they selected single survey sites following the guidelines for conducting a safe field trip. They performed seawater sampling and on-site filtration at these sites during their summer holidays. The six selected sites unexpectedly included diverse coastal habitats within a 40 km radius, located at temperate latitudes in central Japan (~35°N). After the field trips, they returned filtered cartridges to the museum, and we extracted eDNA from the filters. We performed fish eDNA metabarcoding, along with data analysis. Consequently, we identified 140 fish species across 66 families and 118 genera from the six samples, with species richness ranging from 14 to 66. Despite its limited sample size, such a diverse taxonomic range of fish species exhibited spatial biodiversity patterns within the region, which are consistent with species distribution. These include north-south and urbanization gradients of species richness, geographic structure of the fish communities, and varying salinity preferences of the component species. This case study demonstrates the potential of fish eDNA metabarcoding as an educational and scientific tool to raise public awareness and perform large-scale citizen science initiatives encompassing regional, national, or global fauna.
Threats at home? Assessing the potential ecological impacts and risks of commonly traded pet fishes
Authors: Dickey James W. E. , Arnott Gareth , McGlade Ciara L. O. , Moore Andrew , Riddell Gillian E. , Dick Jaimie T. A.
Published: May 2022

Invasive alien species (IAS) are major drivers of global biodiversity loss, and the poorly regulated international pet trade is a source of emerging and future invaders. Predictions of the likely ecological impacts and risks of such IAS have been significantly enhanced in recent years with new metrics, which require application to many more actual and potential IAS. Hence, this study assesses the potential ecological impacts and risks of two readily available pet trade species: goldfish, Carassius auratus, a species with non-native populations worldwide; and white cloud mountain minnow, Tanichthys albonubes, a species with a limited invasion history to date. First, we compared the per capita feeding rates of these non-native species with two European trophically analogous natives – the stone loach, Barbatula barbatula, and the common minnow, Phoxinus phoxinus – using the Comparative Functional Response method. Second, we used foraging experiments in conspecific pairs to determine synergistic, neutral or antagonistic intraspecific interactions. Third, we performed novel object experiments using the two pet trade species to assess boldness, a known “dispersal enhancing trait”. Goldfish had the highest maximum feeding rates of the four species, while white cloud mountain minnows had the lowest. Neutral interactions were observed for all four species in the paired foraging experiments, with goldfish having the highest consumption and white cloud mountain minnows having the lowest. Goldfish demonstrated greater boldness, being more active during the experimental trials and more likely to approach a novel object than white cloud mountain minnows. Further, combining maximum feeding rates, boldness and species availabilities from our survey of pet shops, we assessed the relative invasion risks (RIR) of the two non-natives. This highlighted goldfish as the higher risk and most worthy of management prioritisation, mirroring its more extensive invasion history. We propose that such metrics have potential to direct future IAS policy decisions and management towards the ever-increasing rates of biological invasions worldwide.
Light Perception Vision and Xerophthalmia in an 11-Year-Old Boy
Authors: Sriram Aishwarya , Kodali Sruthi , Kim Gene , Kang Joann J.
Published: May 2022

The authors present a case of a child who had severe dietary restriction with consumption of french fries only. He presented to the ophthalmology clinic with light perception vision in both eyes, and was found to have dry, leathery conjunctivae with Bitot's spots and hazy corneas with diffuse punctate epithelial erosions. Electroretinography testing showed an absent rod response and a decreased cone response. Laboratory testing results were positive for vitamin A deficiency. After prompt initiation of treatment, he had improvement in his vision and anterior segment findings. This case serves as a reminder that vitamin A deficiency can present in high-income countries, and that ophthalmologists may play a key role in diagnosing the condition, initiating treatment, and sending patients to the appropriate subspecialists for further evaluation and management of the underlying condition. For patients with vitamin A deficiency, ophthalmologists can play an essential role in preventing permanent vision loss and the systemic consequences of deficiency such as infection or death.

[
J Pediatric Opthalmology & Strabismus.
2022;59(3):e35–e38.]
Non-parametric hypothesis testing to model some cancers based on goodness of fit
Authors: Bakr M. E. , Nagy M. , Al-Babtain Abdulhakim A.
Published: May 2022

By observing the failure behavior of the recorded survival data, we aim to compare the different processing approaches or the effectiveness of the devices or systems applied in this non-parametric statistical test. We'll apply the proposed strategy of used better than aged in Laplace (UBAL) transform order, which assumes that the data used in the test will either behave as UBAL Property or exponential behavior. If the survival data is UBAL, it means that the suggested treatment strategy is effective, whereas if the data is exponential, the recommended treatment strategy has no negative or positive effect on patients, as indicated in the application section. To guarantee the test's validity, we calculated the suggested test's power in both censored and uncensored data, as well as its efficiency, compared the results to other tests, and then applied the test to a variety of real data.
Stage duration distributions and intraspecific competition: a review of continuous stage-structured models
Authors: Lou Yijun , Sun Bei
Published: May 2022

Stage structured models, by grouping individuals with similar demographic characteristics together, have proven useful in describing population dynamics. This manuscript starts from reviewing two widely used modeling frameworks that are in the form of integral equations and age-structured partial differential equations. Both modeling frameworks can be reduced to the same differential equation structures with/without time delays by applying Dirac and gamma distributions for the stage durations. Each framework has its advantages and inherent limitations. The net reproduction number and initial growth rate can be easily defined from the integral equation. However, it becomes challenging to integrate the density-dependent regulations on the stage distribution and survival probabilities in an integral equation, which may be suitably incorporated into partial differential equations. Further recent modeling studies, in particular those by Stephen A. Gourley and collaborators, are reviewed under the conditions of the stage duration distribution and survival probability being regulated by population density.
Dynamics of a stochastic HBV infection model with drug therapy and immune response
Authors: Tan Yiping , Cai Yongli , Peng Zhihang , Wang Kaifa , Yao Ruoxia , Wang Weiming
Published: May 2022

Hepatitis B is a disease that damages the liver, and its control has become a public health problem that needs to be solved urgently. In this paper, we investigate analytically and numerically the dynamics of a new stochastic HBV infection model with antiviral therapies and immune response represented by CTL cells. Through using the theory of stochastic differential equations, constructing appropriate Lyapunov functions and applying Itô's formula, we prove that the disease-free equilibrium of the stochastic HBV model is stochastically asymptotically stable in the large, which reveals that the HBV infection will be eradicated with probability one. Moreover, the asymptotic behavior of globally positive solution of the stochastic model near the endemic equilibrium of the corresponding deterministic HBV model is studied. By using the Milstein's method, we provide the numerical simulations to support the analysis results, which shows that sufficiently small noise will not change the dynamic behavior, while large noise can induce the disappearance of the infection. In addition, the effect of inhibiting virus production is more significant than that of blocking new infection to some extent, and the combination of two treatment methods may be the better way to reduce HBV infection and the concentration of free virus.
Patrice Nganang, « homme-numérique » à la croisée du littéraire et du politique
Authors: Ducournau Claire
Published: May 2022

Cet article analyse l’environnement numérique qui a accompagné l’élaboration et la parution en 2018 chez Lattès du roman Empreintes de crabe de Patrice Nganang. L’écrivain a présenté son recours croissant à l’internet, faisant de lui un « homme-numérique », comme le fruit d’un tournant crucial pris en 2011. Évoquant les étapes de cette trajectoire et ses enjeux tant politiques que poétiques dans une première partie, l’étude propose dans une deuxième partie de mettre en rapport, à partir du roman Empreintes de crabe, les textes nativement numériques produits par l’auteur avec ses textes non nativement numériques, y compris un manuscrit d’étape finalisé en 2013, avant d’être retravaillé en mobilisant davantage les réseaux sociaux, en particulier Facebook et Twitter. En s’appuyant sur une production discursive multiforme, y compris des interventions de Nganang dans un espace public numérique, il s’agit de décrire la genèse en partie digitale d’un roman informé par une poétique web articulant l’écrit et l’écran. Les formes d’exposition de cette production littéraire hors de l’objet-livre traditionnel permettent notamment de la re-diriger vers un public camerounais dont une mémoire historique longtemps réprimée se voit, avec ce roman, en partie réhabilitée.
Mainstreaming Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion as Future Workplace Ethics
Authors: Owa Oluwayemisi Abolanle
Published: May 2022

Based on the review of literature, there is a growing importance and interest in the understanding of how diversity, equity, and inclusion affect the improved performance of an organization. Despite that, there are knowledge gaps in consensus on how the trio should be streamlined and implemented through policy frameworks that will be supported by the organization workforce to achieve increased performance. Through a review of relevant works of literature, an exploratory study and recommendations have been drawn which can be useful to policymakers, organizational managers, and leaders on various factors to consider for implementation of policies that are aimed at achieving enhanced performance through leveraging on the trio of diversity, equity, and inclusion. This study highlighted some guidelines that may be employed for mainstreaming diversity, equity, and inclusion towards achieving organizational performance. The study has also generated recommendations for potential future studies based on the consideration that the market in which organizations operate is dynamic and complex.
Structural Integration Theory as Underpinning for Discourse of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Authors: Lasisi Jubril Olukayode
Published: May 2022

In view of the growing popularity of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in academic and policy circles, there is a need for supportive theories. To bridge this gap, this chapter discusses structural integration theory (SIT) as a potent theoretical underpinning for diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) discourse. The study made use of secondary resources for critical literature review. In particular, several scholarly articles, texts, and internet resources were reviewed, integrated, and synthesised to provide clarity on the definition of structural integration theory and its assumptions and relevance to discourse on diversity, equity, and inclusion. Ultimately, it was affirmed that structural integration theory is stronger and better for explicating DEI in the workplace and society; hence, it is articulated as a useful theoretical model for devising a multimodal approach to integrating DEI in workplaces.
Entrepreneurs out of Necessity in the Developing Context
Authors: Obialo Felix-Kingsley
Published: May 2022

The issue of diversity, equity, and inclusion is topical globally. Despite the slow embrace of the triple concept in Africa and Nigeria especially, literature has continued to grow in the area. Entrepreneurship is an area that has been enjoying attention in Nigeria also with women found to be important contributors. The Igbo entrepreneurship system has recently gained some global attention. While it is heavily masculine, the role of women has not been sufficiently studied. This study sought to find the experiences of Igbo women entrepreneurs in the Iwo Road Business Hub of Ibadan, Nigeria in terms of inclusion. An unstructured questionnaire was used to elicit information from participants. This study presents challenges faced by participants for inclusion. It informs stakeholders of the need to deliberately adjust to take advantage of the potential of women for both entrepreneurial and economic growth in Nigeria.
Using the Virtual World to Teach About Human Trafficking
Authors: Dickenson Virginia
Published: May 2022

Human trafficking is a real and ongoing issue. With globalization, the breadth and depth of human trafficking has increased exponentially. Global destabilization is a major contributor, creating the environment and drive for genocidal regimes and wars, leading to the dehumanization of those perceived as other or weaker. While trafficking may begin in developing or destabilized countries, trade often occurs in developed countries with middle- and upper-class residents as clients and customers. One way to educate people about trafficking, how to recognize when someone may be trafficked, and what to do about it, is to place them in an immersive environment so they may see and experience stories and situations while analyzing the components and recognizing behaviors indicative of trafficking. Using virtual world gaming environments meets these needs. A variety of creative and effective approaches to bringing trafficking issues and possible interventions may be explored in several virtual world applications.
Reframing Human Trafficking to Enhance Multidisciplinary Collaboration
Authors: Stickle Wendy , McLoota Nicholas C. , Perez Alexander J.
Published: May 2022

Human trafficking is second only to drug trafficking in terms of criminal industry profitability and has a known annual revenue of greater than $100 billion. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the problem of trafficking by exposing populations to social conditions such as unemployment and poor health outcomes, conditions that render individuals more vulnerable to traffickers. Human trafficking has historically been recognized as a problem exclusively for law enforcement, though modern scholars have increasingly recognized human trafficking as a social justice issue that must involve all facets of society, from governments and healthcare providers to local businesses, in the response. After establishing human trafficking as a social justice issue that requires a collaborative and multi-faceted response, the chapter will lay out an example of how collaborative work, focused on the application of technology, can elevate a response to a complex problem such as human trafficking.
Three-Prong Smart Phone Approach to Community-Embedded Impact Upon Human Trafficking
Authors: Crawford Caroline M.
Published: May 2022

The mobile phone has become smarter in the information age, moving into a dystopian ability to support the passive and active prevention of human trafficking. With the rise of social media and the growth of missing and exploited person databases as well as known human trafficker databases, the opportunity to meld the technology into a viable level of immediacy of engagement is timely and transformative in nature. This is especially poignant within societies experiencing ethical fading. Social media offers the opportunity for facial recognition technology to scan images and videos against a database of missing and exploited persons, but a next step three-prong approach highlights in-operating system settings allow access to personal graphics and videos, with users choosing to allow private domain images to run through facial recognition software; in-social media app capability to send “help” communication; and in-mobile app capability to send graphic or video to run against databases.
From Practice to Posture
Authors: Gibson Ashley N.
Published: May 2022

Diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging work has been an important element of organizational change in the last several years. However, there is much to critique as organizations struggle to see collective growth away from performative action and towards authentic internal change that is fully embodied from the top down. This chapter describes the importance and process of growth in educational leaders seeking to invest in the work of diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging. The purpose of this chapter is to provide guidance to educational leaders and consultants who are seeking authentic ways to promote DEIB work and adult learning that fosters real results in DEIB. The chapter describes practices and ways of being, or a posture of authenticity that educational leaders should adopt if they want to see true organizational change within their professional community.
Organizational Resilience and Appropriate Resources for Enterprise Development
Authors: Vargas-Hernández José G. , Ali Muhammad Mahboob
Published: May 2022

This chapter has analyzes the organization resilience and its implications on organizational structural construct based on a framework for elements for reliability, safety, and deployment of organizational resources. It is assumed that theoretical and empirical studies in organizational resilience have limited contributions on the concepts of high-reliability organization applied to a diversity of entities and with a variety of characteristics. The method employed is the analytical reflective of the theoretical and empirical literature review. This study concludes that the emerging concept of organizational resilience confirms that the creation and development of an organizational resilience framework for structural construct can be supported by elements based on flexibility of organizational culture, organizational safety and reliability, the promotion elements, and the deployment of organizational resources.