bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A simple and cheap aerosol penetrometer for filter testing using an electronic cigarette.
Authors: Lifka Sebastian , Ponomarev Ivan , Weth Agnes , Baumgartner David , Lamprecht Bernd , Baumgartner Werner
Published: July 2021

Background: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic face masks grew in importance as their use by the general population was recommended by health officials in order to minimize the risk of infection and prevent further spread of the virus. To ensure health protection of medical personal and other system relevant staff, it is of considerable interest to quickly test if a certain lot of filtering facepiece masks meets the requirements or if the penetration changes under different conditions. As certified penetrometers are rather expensive and were difficult to obtain during the COVID-19 pandemic, we describe two quite simple and cheap methods to quickly test the filter penetration based on an electronic cigarette.

Methods: The first method uses a precision scale, the second method uses a light scattering detector to measure the filter penetration. To make sure these two methods yield reliable results, both were tested with freshly cut filter samples covering the range of approx. 2 % to 60 % filter penetration and compared to the results of a certified penetrometer.

Results: The comparison of the two methods with the certified penetrometer showed a good correlation and therefore allow a quick and rather reliable estimation of the penetration.

Conclusions: Several examples about the use of faulty masks and the resulting health risks show that simple, fast, cheap and broadly available methods for filter characterization might be useful in these days.
Globale Bevölkerungsentwicklung. Fakten und Trends
Authors: Elke Loichinger , Swiaczny Frank , Genoni Andreas , Sander Nikola , Westermann Ronny
Published: July 2021

Während die Weltbevölkerung insgesamt betrachtet noch stets zunimmt, weisen einzelne Weltregionen und Länder regional unterschiedliche Trends auf. Geburten, Sterbefälle und Wanderung sind zudem einem kontinuierlichen Wandel unterworfen. Diese Bevölkerungsprozesse stehen heute im Mittelpunkt einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung, wie sie von den Vereinten Nationen mit der Agenda 2030 und den nachhaltigen Entwicklungszielen (Sustainable Development Goals, SDGs) verfolgt wird. Zur nachhaltigen Gestaltung menschlicher Entwicklung ist es erforderlich, die Ursachen und Herausforderungen des demografischen Wandels zu verstehen, um die künftige Bevölkerungsentwicklung besser einschätzen und ihren Einfluss auf Gesellschaft, Wirtschaft und Umwelt berücksichtigen zu können. Die Broschüre bietet in zwölf knappen Kapiteln mit Abbildungen und Karten einen aktuellen Überblick zur globalen Bevölkerungsdynamik im Kontext nachhaltiger Entwicklung.
Rising to the challenge: a COVID-19 vaccination service for the housebound population
Authors: Murphy Patricia
Published: July 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated innovations in practice in almost all areas of healthcare, not least community nursing services. This article details how one organisation planned and executed a home vaccination programme for housebound members of the population in its remit. It discusses the challenges faced by the team, as well as the key learnings achieved from this programme, which will guide future home immunisation programmes. Implementation of this programme required excellent coordination between clinicians and administrative staff. Importantly, support from the procurement and IT teams and the medicines management committee went a long way in the ironing out of early hiccups and in ensuring smooth running of the programme.
Use of ultrasound in the antenatal space
Authors: Sholapurkar Shashikant L , O'Brien Stephen , Ficquet Joanne
Published: July 2021

The first practical medical ultrasound machine was pioneered in the antenatal practice. Next, the rapid progress in the antenatal care and research demanded/propelled major advances in ultrasound technology and vice versa. Today, ultrasonography has become a part of pregnancy journey, emotional experience and bonding. Affordable pocket-sized ultrasound scanners and remote image transmission technology hold a new promise in rural areas. Point-of-care ultrasound by midwives for fetal growth and wellbeing is a growing domain. This article discusses current challenges and potential developments pertaining to the role of ultrasound in the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy in different resource settings.
Supporting people to self-manage their allergic rhinitis
Authors: Marsh Viv
Published: July 2021

Allergic rhinitis is common in the UK and can cause significant symptoms and reductions in quality of life. Viv Marsh considers how health professionals can support self-management of these patients

Many of us look forward to the spring and summer months with warmer weather, longer days and more opportunity to spend time outdoors. But for hay fever sufferers these months can be truly miserable. For others, the winter months can be equally challenging as, with more time spent indoors, exposure to indoor allergens is greater. Hay fever is the term commonly used to describe seasonal nasal allergy triggered by pollen. It affects many children and adults in the UK, causing significant symptoms and reduction in quality of life. Often, people with allergic rhinitis try to manage the condition themselves using home or over-the-counter remedies to reduce and control symptoms. However, effective management may not be straightforward and guidance from knowledgeable and experienced health professionals can lead to improved outcomes. Taking an evidence-based approach, this article will explore the impact of allergic rhinitis on those who experience it, and will consider how health professionals can support self-management to enable people with the condition to manage their symptoms and minimise its impact on their lives.
Understanding primary prevention of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Bostock Beverley
Published: July 2021

Cardiovascular disease causes significant morbidity and mortality across the UK. Beverley Bostock looks at the role practice nurses can play in the primary prevention of this condition

Nurses working in general practice play an important role in identifying those at risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and implementing person-focused risk reduction strategies. The NHS Health Check programme was designed to identify people between the age of 40 and 74 years with risk factors for CVD. Nurses in general practice have a key role to play in encouraging people to attend Health Checks and helping people to understand the potential benefits of CVD risk assessment and reduction strategies. Lifestyle interventions and pharmacological management allow modifiable risk factors to be managed in an evidence-based and person-focused way.
Online English Comics as Reading Materials for English Language Education Department Students
Authors: Robbani A. Syahid , Khoirotunnisa Ulfah
Published: July 2021

Online English comic is one of reading material that can be used by students. Students should be triggered by interesting and understandable reading material to increase their reading motivation and English proficiency. The objective of this study is to discuss the benefits of online English comics as reading materials and to discover the applications and websites that are usually used by students to read online English comics. This study applied the descriptive qualitative study supported by interviews as a data-gathering technique. The results of this study showed the benefits of online English comics as reading materials. Those are adding language knowledge such as vocabulary and grammar, enhancing reading comprehension, building critical thinking, increasing creativity, and developing reading motivation. The second finding is about the applications and websites to read English comics that students prefer to read. There are some applications and websites that are usually used by students to read English comics. The applications are Webtoon and Ciayo Comic, and also the websites include Mangakakalot.com, Mangareaderapp.com, Mangazuki.info, and Mangapanda.com.
Parto en casa: conocimientos y saberes de mujeres y matronas en Santiago de Chile
Authors: Márquez-Mosquera Yennifer
Published: July 2021

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo general indagar en los conocimientos y saberes que se dan en la atención contemporánea del parto en casa planificado con asistencia profesional, según las mujeres y matronas que participan en la Asociación Gremial Maternas Chile. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa con enfoque etnográfico, utilizando la autoetnografía. Las técnicas de recolección de datos fueron: observación participante, experiencia personal de parto en casa, entrevistas en profundidad a mujeres y matronas que han tenido y asisten partos en casa. Los principales análisis señalan que en el parto en casa se van combinando los conocimientos y saberes de mujeres y matronas en la atención del parto, incorporando la intuición como un conocimiento autorizado en la atención del parto en casa. Visibilizar las experiencias del parto en casa, las voces de las mujeres, matronas e investigadores/as podrá ir incidiendo en las políticas públicas nacionales para considerar dentro de las coberturas sociales de salud la atención del parto en casa planificado y con asistencia profesional.
Incontinencia Urinaria y Calidad de Vida en mujeres jóvenes de un Centro de Salud Familiar en Santiago de Chile
Authors: Alvarado Briceño Pascuala , Bonilla Gómez Hilda , Asun Rodrigo
Published: July 2021

Objetivo. Determinar asociación entre Calidad de Vida (CV) e Incontinencia Urinaria (IU) en mujeres de 20 a 44 años del Centro de Salud Familiar Santa Julia, Santiago de Chile. Materiales y métodos. Estudio analítico de corte transversal realizado desde septiembre a diciembre de 2018. De 661 mujeres encuestadas, 184 refirieron IU, de estas, 170 participaron en el estudio. Valor media de edad: 33,84 años. Para la IU se aplicó la Escala de Sandvik y para la CV y la CVRS, se aplicaron los instrumentos ICIQ- SF y el de Potenziani, respectivamente. Resultados. La prevalencia de IU fue 27,8 %. La severidad de la IU fue moderada en el 55,9 %, grave en un 12,3% y muy grave en un 1,8 %. Según el ICIQ-SF el impacto de la IU en la CV de moderado a muy intenso, fue de 65,9 % (18,8 % moderado, 22,9 % intenso y 24,2 % muy intenso). Según el cuestionario de Potenziani, 1 de cada 4 mujeres del estudio percibe una repercusión intensa en su CV. Se aplicó Chi Cuadrado y Coeficiente V de Cramer observando correlación positiva moderada y estadísticamente significativa de 0,419 entre severidad IU y CV. Además, correlación positiva moderada y estadísticamente significativa de 0,463 entre el impacto percibido por las mujeres y la repercusión en su CV. Conclusión. La IU afecta la CV de las mujeres desde edades tempranas y aumenta con los años. Es fundamental diagnosticar precozmente, generar políticas públicas sanitarias e implementar estrategias locales para tratar esta patología biopsicosocial.
El derecho ya no es lo que era
Authors: Sampedro Matías
Published: July 2021

Reseña de: Estévez Araújo, J. A. (ed.) (2021). El derecho ya no es lo que era. Las transformaciones jurídicas en la globalización neoliberal, Madrid: Trotta. 573 págs.
Exosomes mediate LTB4 release during neutrophil chemotaxis
Authors: Majumdar Ritankar , Tavakoli Tameh Aidin , Arya Subhash B. , Parent Carole A.
Published: July 2021

Leukotriene B4(LTB4) is secreted by chemotactic neutrophils, forming a secondary gradient that amplifies the reach of primary chemoattractants. This strategy increases the recruitment range for neutrophils and is important during inflammation. Here, we show that LTB4and its synthesizing enzymes localize to intracellular multivesicular bodies, which, upon stimulation, release their content as exosomes. Purified exosomes can activate resting neutrophils and elicit chemotactic activity in an LTB4receptor-dependent manner. Inhibition of exosome release leads to loss of directional motility with concomitant loss of LTB4release. Our findings establish that the exosomal pool of LTB4acts in an autocrine fashion to sensitize neutrophils towards the primary chemoattractant, and in a paracrine fashion to mediate the recruitment of neighboring neutrophils in trans. We envision that this mechanism is used by other signals to foster communication between cells in harsh extracellular environments.
Average beta burst duration profiles provide a signature of dynamical changes between the ON and OFF medication states in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Duchet Benoit , Ghezzi Filippo , Weerasinghe Gihan , Tinkhauser Gerd , Kühn Andrea A. , Brown Peter , Bick Christian , Bogacz Rafal
Published: July 2021

Parkinson’s disease motor symptoms are associated with an increase in subthalamic nucleus beta band oscillatory power. However, these oscillations are phasic, and there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that beta burst duration may be of critical importance to motor symptoms. This makes insights into the dynamics of beta bursting generation valuable, in particular to refine closed-loop deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease. In this study, we ask the question “Can average burst duration reveal how dynamics change between the ON and OFF medication states?”. Our analysis of local field potentials from the subthalamic nucleus demonstrates using linear surrogates that the system generating beta oscillations is more likely to act in a non-linear regime OFF medication and that the change in a non-linearity measure is correlated with motor impairment. In addition, we pinpoint the simplest dynamical changes that could be responsible for changes in the temporal patterning of beta oscillations between medication states by fitting to data biologically inspired models, and simpler beta envelope models. Finally, we show that the non-linearity can be directly extracted from average burst duration profiles under the assumption of constant noise in envelope models. This reveals that average burst duration profiles provide a window into burst dynamics, which may underlie the success of burst duration as a biomarker. In summary, we demonstrate a relationship between average burst duration profiles, dynamics of the system generating beta oscillations, and motor impairment, which puts us in a better position to understand the pathology and improve therapies such as deep brain stimulation.
A homozygous stop-gain variant in ARHGAP42 is associated with childhood interstitial lung disease, systemic hypertension, and immunological findings
Authors: Li Qifei , Dibus Michal , Casey Alicia , Yee Christina S. K. , Vargas Sara O. , Luo Shiyu , Rosen Samantha M. , Madden Jill A. , Genetti Casie A. , Brabek Jan , Brownstein Catherine A. , Kazerounian Shideh , Raby Benjamin A. , Schmitz-Abe Klaus , Kennedy John C. , Fishman Martha P. , Mullen Mary P. , Taylor Joan M. , Rosel Daniel , Agrawal Pankaj B.
Published: July 2021

ARHGAP42 encodes Rho GTPase activating protein 42 that belongs to a member of the GTPase Regulator Associated with Focal Adhesion Kinase (GRAF) family. ARHGAP42 is involved in blood pressure control by regulating vascular tone. Despite these findings, disorders of human variants in the coding part of ARHGAP42 have not been reported. Here, we describe an 8-year-old girl with childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD), systemic hypertension, and immunological findings who carries a homozygous stop-gain variant (c.469G>T, p.(Glu157Ter)) in the ARHGAP42 gene. The family history is notable for both parents with hypertension. Histopathological examination of the proband lung biopsy showed increased mural smooth muscle in small airways and alveolar septa, and concentric medial hypertrophy in pulmonary arteries. ARHGAP42 stop-gain variant in the proband leads to exon 5 skipping, and reduced ARHGAP42 levels, which was associated with enhanced RhoA and Cdc42 expression. This is the first report linking a homozygous stop-gain variant in ARHGAP42 with a chILD disorder, systemic hypertension, and immunological findings in human patient. Evidence of smooth muscle hypertrophy on lung biopsy and an increase in RhoA/ROCK signaling in patient cells suggests the potential mechanistic link between ARHGAP42 deficiency and the development of chILD disorder.
Mapping urban greenspace use from mobile phone GPS data
Authors: Mears Meghann , Brindley Paul , Barrows Paul , Richardson Miles , Maheswaran Ravi
Published: July 2021

Urban greenspace is a valuable component of the urban form that has the potential to improve the health and well-being of residents. Most quantitative studies of relationships between health and greenspace to date have investigated associations only with what greenspace exists in the local environment (i.e. provision of greenspace), rather than to what extent it is used. This is due to the difficulty of obtaining usage data in large amounts. In recent years, GPS functionality integrated into mobile phones has provided a potential solution to this problem by making it possible to track which parts of the environment people experience in their day-to-day lives. In this paper, we demonstrate a method to derive cleaned, trip-level information from raw GPS data collected by a mobile phone app, then use this data to investigate the characteristics of trips to urban greenspace by residents of the city of Sheffield, UK. We find that local users of the app spend an average of an hour per week visiting greenspaces, including around seven trips per week and covering a total distance of just over 2.5 km. This may be enough to provide health benefits, but is insufficient to provide maximal benefits. Trip characteristics vary with user demographics: ethnic minority users and users from more socioeconomically deprived areas tend to make shorter trips than White users and those from less deprived areas, while users aged 34 years and over make longer trips than younger users. Women, on average, make more frequent trips than men, as do those who spent more time outside as a child. Our results suggest that most day-to-day greenspace visits are incidental, i.e. travelling through rather than to greenspace, and highlight the importance of including social and cultural factors when investigating who uses and who benefits from urban greenspace.
Current surveys may underestimate climate change skepticism evidence from list experiments in Germany and the USA
Authors: Beiser-McGrath Liam F. , Bernauer Thomas
Published: July 2021

Strong public support is a prerequisite for ambitious and thus costly climate change mitigation policy, and strong public concern over climate change is a prerequisite for policy support. Why, then, do most public opinion surveys indicate rather high levels of concern and rather strong policy support, while de facto mitigation efforts in most countries remain far from ambitious? One possibility is that survey measures for public concern fail to fully reveal the true attitudes of citizens due to social desirability bias. In this paper, we implemented list-experiments in representative surveys in Germany and the United States (N = 3620 and 3640 respectively) to assess such potential bias. We find evidence that people systematically misreport, that is, understate their disbelief in human caused climate change. This misreporting is particularly strong amongst politically relevant subgroups. Individuals in the top 20% of the income distribution in the United States and supporters of conservative parties in Germany exhibit significantly higher climate change skepticism according to the list experiment, relative to conventional measures. While this does not definitively mean that climate skepticism is a widespread phenomenon in these countries, it does suggest that future research should reconsider how climate change concern is measured, and what subgroups of the population are more susceptible to misreporting and why. Our findings imply that public support for ambitious climate policy may be weaker than existing survey research suggests.
Single-cell RNAseq and longitudinal proteomic analysis of a novel semi-spontaneous urothelial cancer model reveals tumor cell heterogeneity and pretumoral urine protein alterations
Authors: Kerzeli Iliana K. , Lord Martin , Doroszko Milena , Elgendy Ramy , Chourlia Aikaterini , Stepanek Ivan , Larsson Elinor , van Hooren Luuk , Nelander Sven , Malmstrom Per-Uno , Dragomir Anca , Segersten Ulrika , Mangsbo Sara M.
Published: July 2021

Bladder cancer, one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide, remains hard to classify due to a staggering molecular complexity. Despite a plethora of diagnostic tools and therapies, it is hard to outline the key steps leading up to the transition from high-risk non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) to muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Carcinogen-induced murine models can recapitulate urothelial carcinogenesis and natural anti-tumor immunity. Herein, we have developed and profiled a novel model of progressive NMIBC based on 10 weeks of OH-BBN exposure in hepatocyte growth factor/cyclin dependent kinase 4 (R24C) (Hgf-Cdk4R24C) mice. The profiling of the model was performed by histology grading, single cell transcriptomic and proteomic analysis, while the derivation of a tumorigenic cell line was validated and used to assess in vivo anti-tumor effects in response to immunotherapy. Established NMIBC was present in females at 10 weeks post OH-BBN exposure while neoplasia was not as advanced in male mice, however all mice progressed to MIBC. Single cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed an intratumoral heterogeneity also described in the human disease trajectory. Moreover, although immune activation biomarkers were elevated in urine during carcinogen exposure, anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD1) monotherapy did not prevent tumor progression. Furthermore, anti-PD1 immunotherapy did not control the growth of subcutaneous tumors formed by the newly derived urothelial cancer cell line. However, treatment with CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) significantly decreased tumor volume, but only in females. In conclusion, the molecular map of this novel preclinical model of bladder cancer provides an opportunity to further investigate pharmacological therapies ahead with regards to both targeted drugs and immunotherapies to improve the strategies of how we should tackle the heterogeneous tumor microenvironment in urothelial bladder cancer to improve responses rates in the clinic.
Physical activity, brain tissue microstructure, and cognition in older adults
Authors: Dawe Robert J. , Yu Lei , Leurgans Sue E. , James Bryan D. , Poole Victoria N. , Arfanakis Konstantinos , Schneider Julie A. , Bennett David A. , Buchman Aron S.
Published: July 2021

Objective

To test whether postmortem MRI captures brain tissue characteristics that mediate the association between physical activity and cognition in older adults.

Methods

Participants (N = 318) were older adults from the Rush Memory and Aging Project who wore a device to quantify physical activity and also underwent detailed cognitive and motor testing. Following death, cerebral hemispheres underwent MRI to quantify the transverse relaxation rate R2, a metric related to tissue microstructure. For analyses, we reduced the dimensionality of the R2 maps from approximately 500,000 voxels to 30 components using spatial independent component analysis (ICA). Via path analysis, we examined whether these R2 components attenuated the association between physical activity and cognition, controlling for motor abilities and indices of common brain pathologies.

Results

Two of the 30 R2 components were associated with both total daily physical activity and global cognition assessed proximate to death. We visualized these components by highlighting the clusters of voxels whose R2 values contributed most strongly to each. One of these spatial signatures spanned periventricular white matter and hippocampus, while the other encompassed white matter of the occipital lobe. These two R2 components partially mediated the association between physical activity and cognition, accounting for 12.7% of the relationship (p = .01). This mediation remained evident after controlling for motor abilities and neurodegenerative and vascular brain pathologies.

Conclusion

The association between physically activity and cognition in older adults is partially accounted for by MRI-based signatures of brain tissue microstructure. Further studies are needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying this pathway.
A new styracosternan hadrosauroid (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Early Cretaceous of Portell, Spain
Authors: Santos-Cubedo Andrés , de Santisteban Carlos , Poza Begoña , Meseguer Sergi
Published: July 2021

A new styracosternan ornithopod genus and species is described based on the right dentary of a single specimen from the Mirambell Formation (Early Cretaceous, early Barremian) at the locality of Portell, (Castellón, Spain).Portellsaurus sosbaynatigen. et sp. nov. is diagnosed by two autapomorphic features as well as a unique combination of characters. The autapomorphies include: the absence of a bulge along the ventral margin directly ventral to the base of the coronoid process and the presence of a deep oval cavity on the medial surface of the mandibular adductor fossa below the eleventh-twelfth tooth position. Phylogenetic analyses reveal that the new Iberian form is more closely related to the African taxonOuranosaurus nigeriensisthan to its synchronic Iberian taxaMagnamanus soriaensisandIguanodon galvensis. In addition,Portellsaurus sosbaynatiis less related to other Iberian taxa such asIguanodon bernissartensisandProa valdearinnoensisthan to the other Early Cretaceous Iberian styracosternansMantellisaurus atherfieldensisandMorelladon beltrani. A new phylogenetic hypothesis is proposed that resolvesIguanodon(I.bernissartensis,I.galvensis) with the ValanginianBarilium dawsoniinto a monophyletic clade (Iguanodontoidea). The recognition ofPortellsaurus sosbaynatigen. et sp. nov. as the first styracosternan dinosaur species identified from the Margas de Mirambell Formation (early Barremian–early late Barremian) in the Morella sub-basin (Maestrat Basin, eastern Spain) indicates that the Iberian Peninsula was home to a highly diverse assemblage of medium-to-large bodied styracosternan hadrosauriforms during the Early Cretaceous.
Aplicação e validação do sistema HIDRALERTA em situações de tempestade
Authors: Zózimo Ana Catarina , Pinheiro Liliana , Santos Maria Inês , Fortes Conceição Juana
Published: July 2021

O HIDRALERTA é um sistema de avaliação, previsão e alerta do risco da ocorrência de situações de emergência associadas aos efeitos da agitação marítima (galgamento, inundação e navios amarrados) em zonas costeiras e portuárias. Sendo um sistema de alerta, é fundamental que funcione corretamente, quer em situações correntes (apenas emitindo alertas quando tal se justifique), quer em situações de tempestade. Neste trabalho são apresentados os desenvolvimentos efetuados até à data na validação do sistema em situações de tempestade, com a sua aplicação na simulação do furacão Lorenzo e das depressões Elsa e Fabien. Da análise efetuada pode concluir-se que os alertas emitidos pelo sistema estiveram em concordância com os danos/ocorrências reportadas localmente, o que contribui para reforçar a confiança no sistema que está a ser desenvolvido. A característica diferenciadora deste trabalho é que a avaliação do risco é efetuada com base nos parâmetros específicos do risco que se pretende prever, como caudais de galgamento ou as forças nas amarrações, e não apenas em parâmetros meteorológicos e oceanográficos.
“Quiero morir muchas veces si esto es verdad” (Plat., Ap., 41b). Sócrates, Palamedes y los ejercicios retóricos en el horizonte del diálogo socrático
Authors: Mársico Claudia
Published: July 2021

La figura de Sócrates separa la historia del pensamiento en dos e inaugura un modelo de filosofía que impactó en toda la tradición posterior con la sola fuerza de su influjo y el halo totémico de su muerte trágica. No faltaron relatos de lo acaecido, pero entre ellos ninguno opaca a la Apología de Sócrates de Platón como texto fundamental para adentrarse en los pormenores del juicio y la condena. En este contexto poco suele tenerse en cuenta que se trata de un texto transido de opacidad. Parece un documento testimonial, una versión cuasi taquigráfica del proceso, pero no lo es. En efecto, nos interesa referirnos especialmente a un hecho que ha sido notado pero no del todo dimensionado: la Apología de Sócrates de Platón presenta similitudes imposibles de atribuir a la mera casualidad con la Apología de Palamedes de Gorgias. ¿Por qué este texto platónico presenta curiosas relaciones intertextuales con un ejercicio retórico basado en figuras míticas en el clima de la promoción de la retórica? Trataremos de responder esa pregunta apelando a su relación con el origen del diálogo socrático.
Innovación genérica en Lacedaimonion Politeia revisitada
Authors: Humble Noreen
Published: July 2021

Este artículo analiza la estructura genérica y los fundamentos de la Lacedaimonion Politeia de Jenofonte. La Lac. ha sido frecuentemente considerada como un elogio o defensa de Esparta. Sin embargo, su retórica y estructura narrativa tienen poca similitud con prácticas contemporáneas para la composición de encomios o defensas. Aun cuando esto no impide un motivo elogioso o defensivo, examinar el tipo de retórica y los patrones narrativos de Jenofonte revela distintas afiliaciones genéricas, mostrando que la Lac., al igual que muchos otros escritos de Jenofonte, es un trabajo híbrido con características de la literatura de politeiai y de la investigación filosófica. En efecto, una cuidadosa pesquisa, en particular, de la manera en que Jenofonte utiliza interlocutores imaginarios (característica compartida por ambos tipos de escritura) sugiere que el encomio no puede haber sido el objetivo de este tratado.
AN UPDATED SYNOPSIS OF LUDWIGIA (ONAGRACEAE) IN MALESIA
Authors: Turner Ian
Published: July 2021

TURNER, I. M. 2021. An updated synopsis of Ludwigia (Onagraceae) in Malesia. Reinwardtia 20(1): 9–16. — A synopsis of the seven native or naturalised species of Ludwigia  (Onagraceae) occurring in Malesia is presented. The newly  established Ludwigia  leptocarpa  is  included.  The  paper  incorporates  a  key  to  the  species, synonymy  and typification. Lectotypes are designated for 25 names, including five at the second step.
BEGONIA ROBII, A NEW SPECIES OF BEGONIA FROM LIMA PULUH KOTA, WEST SUMATRA
Authors: Ardi Wisnu Handoyo , Girmansyah Deden , Hughes Mark
Published: July 2021

ARDI. W.H., GIRMANSYAH, D. & HUGHES, M. 2021. Begonia robii, a new species of  Begonia from Lima Puluh Kota, West Sumatra. Reinwardtia 20(1): 37–41. — A new species of Begonia sect. Jackia (Begoniaceae), B. robii Ardi & Girm., is described from West Sumatra and is a limestone karst endemic in the Tanah Datar dan Lima Puluh Kota Regency. Its provisional IUCN threatened category is considered to be Endangered.
DESIGNING DRUG TRIALS FOR SARCOPENIA IN OLDER ADULTS WITH HIP FRACTURE – A TASK FORCE FROM THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FRAILTY AND SARCOPENIA RESEARCH (ICFSR)
Authors: VELLAS B. , FIELDING R. , MILLER R. , ROLLAND Y. , BHASIN S. , MAGAZINER J. , BISCHOFF-FERRARI H.
Published: July 2021

In May 2012, a Sarcopenia Consensus Summit was convened by the Foundation of the National Institutes of Health (FNIH), National Institute of Aging (NIA), and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA); and co-sponsored by five pharmaceutical companies. At this summit, sarcopenia experts from around the world worked to develop agreement on a working definition of sarcopenia, building on the work of previous efforts to generate a consensus. With the ultimate goal of improving function and independence in individuals with sarcopenia, the Task Force focused its attention on people at greatly increased risk of muscle atrophy as a consequence of hip fracture. The rationale for looking at this population is that since hip fracture is a recognized condition, there is a clear regulatory path forward for developing interventions. Moreover, patients with hip fracture may provide an appropriate population to advance understanding of sarcopenia, for example helping to define diagnostic criteria, develop biomarkers, understand the mechanisms that underlie the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength, and identify endpoints for clinical trials that are reliable, objective, and clinically meaningful. Task Force members agreed that progress in treating sarcopenia will require strengthening of partnerships between academia, industry, and government agencies, and across continents to reach consensus on diagnostic criteria, optimization of clinical trials design, and identification of improved treatment and preventive strategies. In this report, the main results of the Task Force discussion are presented.
HOW DO COMMUNITY PHYSICAL AND OCCUPATIONAL THERAPISTS CLASSIFY FRAILTY? A PILOT STUDY
Authors: ROLAND K.P. , THEOU O. , JAKOBI J.M. , SWAN L. , JONES G.R.
Published: July 2021

Background: Frailty is a complex geriatric syndrome that is often difficult to diagnose, especially by healthcare professionals working in the community. Objectives, Measurements: This study examined how physical and occupational therapists classified community-dwelling clients using categories of ‘nonfrail’, ‘prefrail’ or ‘frail’ as compared to measurements of established frailty criteria from the Cardiovascular Health Study frailty index (CHSfi). Results: Results indicate that community therapists underestimate frailty in comparison to the CHSfi. Therapists’ classification of frailty suggested their perceptions of frailty may not only relate to client’s functional capacity, but the context in which the client receives care. Conclusion: A multi-dimensional approach is required to capture all aspects of frailty across the healthcare continuum that accounts for how the client thrives within their personal environment.
Which Came First: Literacy or Social Studies? How Primary Sources Can Bridge the Divide
Authors: Langan Elise , Lawrence Salika
Published: July 2021

Due to the implementation of No Child Left Behind and the Common Core State Standards, disciplinary literacy has become a vital component of social studies instruction in middle and secondary classrooms. This paper determines the degree to which nine middle and high school social studies teachers were successful in designing integrated learning experiences for their students after attending professional development. Data from semi-structured interviews, teachers’ instructional units, workshop surveys and field notes were collected and analyzed for the qualitative study. The study considers how teachers’ instructional units incorporated primary sources to support students’ foundational literacy skills, scaffolded disciplinary understanding, historical analysis, and highlighted community issues that connected their lived experiences to broader social concerns.
School Administrators’ Perceptions of Critical Teacher Skills
Authors: Austin Vance , Caldas Stephen , Malow Micheline , Ecker Andrew
Published: July 2021

Forty school administrators in the Lower Hudson Valley of New York State were surveyed about the characteristics of preservice and novice teachers believed most critical. These administrators represented a broad and socio-demographically diverse cross-section of rural, suburban and urban school districts. The administrators collectively rated establishing rapport with students and behavior management as the most critical skills for preservice and new teachers to possess. Examining roles separately, assistant principals valued rapport with students and creating effective lessons as most important, whereas principals rated effectively communicating with parents and guardians, and reflecting on teaching performance as being most important. The most frequently cited reason for not hiring or reappointing a candidate was lack of engagement with students. An ability to collaborate with colleagues as well as competence in working with students with disabilities and ELLS represent skills administrators also valued in teacher candidates. Furthermore, administrators identified authentic classroom experiences prior to student teaching as invaluable preparation for the classroom and a “difference-maker” in the quality and effectiveness of preservice teacher candidates. Finally, administrators noted areas of current and future job demand; need and growth areas for teachers were reported to be STEM and STEAM, Special Education, Bilingual/Language Education, and Dual Certification.
Social Mobility in the Global Order
Authors: Freistein Katja , Müller Thomas
Published: July 2021

World politics is characterized by a multiplicity of competition over valued goods. We explore how and to what degree states are able to convert gains in one field of competition into gains in another. Drawing loosely on Bourdieu's theory of capital, we conceptualize the 'rise' of states as social mobility within a multi-dimensional stratification and zoom in on the degree of convertibility of capital across these dimensions. We argue that this degree is shaped by politics of capital conversion that set and institutionalize certain conversion rates. Using the BRICS states as empirical example, we highlight the centrality of institutions as both sites and means in the political struggles over the adaptation of global order to social mobility.
'Free Trade' and the Varieties of Eighteenth-Century State Competition
Authors: Stafford James
Published: July 2021

This chapter offers a fresh examination of the transformation of British trade policy in the later 18th and early 19th centuries. It reconsiders the 'rise of free trade' as a mutation, rather than a rejection, of an earlier 'mercantilist' logic of national power competition. Examining the writings of the Anglo-Dutch merchant Matthew Decker alongside those of the better-known Scottish philosopher Adam Smith, this chapter identifies a switch from a competition over trade balances in precious metals, to an all-pervasive struggle for labor discipline and productivity, applying not just to princes and rulers but entire 'nations'. The reduction of tariffs and the abolition of monopolies emerges as a means of enhancing the productive power of the nation, and its related capacity for funding military conflict.
Diplomacy and Artificial Intelligence in Global Political Competition
Authors: Klavins Didzis
Published: July 2021

Didzis Kļaviņš examines how diplomacy, as an instrument of foreign policy, can adapt to the emergence of AI as a rapidly developing technology in an era of intensified global competition. It does not seek to offer a definitive conclusion concerning the relationship between diplomacy and competition. Rather, it aims to describe the complexity and interplay between diplomacy and competition in the race for dominance in the
Narrativas y delito. Explorando las diferencias entre desistidores y persistidores
Authors: Vigna Ana
Published: July 2021

La «teoría narrativa» establece que los procesos lingüísticos y cognitivos que guían las autobiografías tienen el poder de estructurar la memoria, generando efectos a futuro. Este trabajo aplica el análisis narrativo a entrevistas en profundidad a 96 personas (hombres y mujeres) que se encontraban en diferentes etapas de sus trayectorias delictivas. Los resultados muestran que, mientras los discursos de quienes atravesaron una conversión religiosa poseen características propias de lo que Maruna (2001) denomina «guiones de redención», los mismos carecen de la dimensión de internalidad y estabilidad señaladas por el autor. Por su parte, quienes denominamos«desistidores laicos» elaboran discursos ligados al «síndrome del quemado», propio de la perspectiva ontogénica. Finalmente, los relatos de quienes persisten, se asemejan a los «guiones de condena», aunque tienden a depositar en factores externos las causas de sus adversidades.
Sexo, violencia y desigualdad. Mujeres en la policía
Authors: Sirimarco Mariana
Published: July 2021

La amplia cantidad de casos de abuso y violencia a los que se ven sometidas las mujeres policías en Argentina habla de un escenario institucional y rutinario. Atender a esta problemática implica dos movimientos concatenados. En primer lugar, aquel que nos lleva a preguntarnos por las tramas con que se teje el ejercicio del poder policial. En segundo lugar, aquel que nos lleva a interesarnos por ciertos usos de la sexualidad que dotan de sentido a las interacciones laborales en el mundo policial. Sobre esto versa este trabajo: sobre el modo en que se relacionan, violencia sexual y sexualidad, con la administración —formal e informal— de derechos, garantías y tareas profesionales.
The Influence of Extrinsic Learning Motivation Toward Physics Learning Outcomes of the Tenth Graders of Jayapura Muhammadiyah SHS During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Azis Kamasia , Panda Florentina Maria , Budiarti Indah Slamet
Published: July 2021

This study aims to determine the relationship, and the influence of extrinsic learning motivation on student learning outcomes. This type of research is ex post research facto. The data collection technique used was a questionnaire. The data obtained were analyzed using the SPSS 16 program. The study population was 61 class X students. The research sample was class X1 with a total sample of 30 students. The analysis technique used was correlation techinique. Research results and data processing asymp value sig (2-tailed) 0,000 < 0,05, meaning that there is a relationship between extrinsic learning motivation and student learning outcomes. The pearson correlation value of 0,934 is interpreted to have a very strong relationship. The value of R Square 0,872 means that the influence of extrinsic learning motivation on learning outcomes is 87,2%. Sig value 0,000 < 0,05 meaning that there is an influence on extrinsic learning motivation learnig outcomes of students.
The Development of Physics Education Game on Direct Current Electric Circuit for Learners
Authors: Ma'ruf Jati Zen
Published: July 2021

This study is the research of the development of physics education game application. This study has two purposes, namely to (1) developing multimedia for physics learning in the form of a physics education game on direct current electric circuits, (2) knowing the quality of educational game applications that have been produced according to experts, (3)knowing the user's (student's) response to the media of physics learning in the form of educational game applications related to direct current electrical circuit. The development procedure in this study refers to the Luther-Sutopo procedure consisting of the stage of concept, design, material collecting, assembly, testing, and distribution. Data collection techniques in the research in this study using a questionnaire. The research instrument in this study was a validation and assessment sheet which was adapted from the rubric for evaluating C. Stewart's educational game, student response sheets, and the game tester response sheet. Product validation and assessment uses a Likert scale with 4 scales and students' responses use the Guttman scale, while the game tester response sheet uses descriptive analysis. The results of this study are products in the form of simulation physics education game applications in direct current electric circuits, the results of the validation and assessment of material experts and media experts, the educational game application scored 3.8 and 3.3 in a very good category. The results of the user’s (student’s) response to the direct current electric circuit educational game application developed got an average score of 0.97 with the agreed category.
Antiexcepcionalismo humano y el problema de la identidad
Authors: García-Arnaldos María Dolores
Published: July 2021

El posthumanismo es un término que engloba numerosos análisis teóricos con un denominador común: el excepcionalismo humano, es decir, la posición privilegiada del ser humano respecto al resto del universo. El propósito de este artículo es analizar hasta qué punto la estructura no naturalista de lo humano ha difuminado la distinción tradicional entre lo humano y lo que no es humano y, al mismo tiempo, presentar brevemente el desacuerdo existente dentro del posthumanismo. El objetivo es cuestionar las múltiples formas en que el posthumanismo, en sus diversas configuraciones, es antiexcepcionalista y desafía nuestra noción de “lo humano”.
Inteligencia emocional y toma de decisiones bioéticas
Authors: Pineda Sánchez Alaia
Published: July 2021

La inteligencia emocional es un concepto que ha ido adquiriendo mayor protagonismo en los últimos años. De este modo, se ha investigado su influencia y aplicación en distintos procesos, por ejemplo, en la toma de decisiones. Las decisiones bioéticas personales conllevan emociones de gran intensidad, por lo que la inteligencia emocional se torna indispensable con el fin de realizar una correcta gestión del proceso emocional y, de esta manera, ser lo más libres y autónomos posible en nuestras decisiones.
A bibliometric research of Industry 4.0 opportunities in Industrial Engineering
Authors: Costa Roberta Assis , Costa Kelly Alonso , HernÃ¡ndez Cecilia Toledo , Christo Eliane da Silva , Perocco Enrico Luigi Moreira
Published: July 2021

Transformations from the traditional industry model to the Industry 4.0 model presents great challenges for Industrial Engineering professionals and students. Consequently, it becomes necessary to adapt already consolidated concepts in the academic and professional environment to meet the peculiarities and needs of this new business model. To understand these challenges of the fourth industrial revolution for those professionals, it was performed a bibliometric research to comprehend the publicationâ€™s profile involving the main concepts of Industry 4.0 and Industrial Engineering topics. This research consists of the analysis and interpretation of Scopus and Web of Science databases from January 2012 to November 2019. The results found indicate significant growth of scientific articles covering Industry 4.0 concepts applied in Industrial Engineering fields, as well as the distribution of publications by branch. The main contribution of this research article is to present the applicability of Industry 4.0 concepts in Industrial Engineering branches, plus the trends and opportunities for future research.
Trudność zadania komunikacyjnego a bogactwo leksykalne wypowiedzi uczniów
Authors: Róg Tomasz
Published: July 2021

Task-based language teaching has recently become a mainstream research area in second language acquisition studies. One of the underexplored areas is task design and its influence on the measures of complexity, accuracy, and fluency. While most previous research into task design focused on manipulating planning time, note-taking, or task familiarity, one of the promising lines of investigation is how task difficulty may also be conducive to L2 acquisition. Task difficulty is understood as the cognitive burden placed on a learner performing a task. In the current study learners of English as a foreign language (n=28) performed three differently designed oral communicative tasks of increasing difficulty: (1) a brainstorming task, (2) a sorting and ordering task, and (3) a problem-solving argumentative task. Task difficulty, i.e. having to employ higher-order thinking skills improved learners’ L2 lexical complexity as measured by lexical diversity, lexical density, and word-frequency counts.