bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The small molecule mimetic agonist trimebutine of adhesion molecule L1 contributes to functional recovery after spinal cord injury in mice
Authors: Xu Junping , Hu Chengliang , Jiang Qiong , Pan Hongchao , Shen Huifan , Schachner Melitta
Published: July 2017

Curing spinal cord injury (SCI) in mammals is a daunting task because of the lack of permissive mechanisms and strong inhibitory responses at and around the lesion. The neural cell adhesion molecule L1CAM (L1) has been shown to favor axonal regrowth and enhance neuronal survival and synaptic plasticity, and thus constitutes a viable target to promote regeneration after SCI. Since delivery of full-length L1 or its extracellular domain could encounter difficulties in translation to therapy in humans, we have identified several small organic compounds that bind to L1 and stimulate neuronal survival, neuronal migration, and neurite outgrowth in an L1-dependent manner. Here, we assessed the functions of two L1 mimetics, trimebutine and honokiol, in regeneration following SCI in young adult mice, hoping to identify increasingly effective compounds. Using the Basso Mouse Scale (BMS) score, we found that the ground locomotion in trimebutine-treated mice recovered better than honokiol-treated or vehicle only receiving mice. Enhanced hindlimb locomotor functions in the trimebutine group were observed at 6 weeks after SCI by evaluating foot-stepping and rump-heights, compared to the vehicle control group. Immunohistology of the spinal cords rostral and caudal to the lesion site showed reduced areas and intensities of glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity in both trimebutine and honokiol groups, whereas increased regrowth of axons was observed only in the trimebutine-treated group. Both L1- and L1 mimetic-mediated intracellular signaling cascades in the spinal cord lesion sites were activated by trimebutine and honokiol, with trimebutine being more effective than honokiol. In cultured mouse cerebellar granule cells, both trimebutine and honokiol increased the expression of L1 and activated L1-mediated intracellular signaling cascades. These observations suggest that trimebutine and, to a lesser extent under the present experimental conditions, honokiol have a potential for therapy in regeneration of mammalian spinal cord injuries.
Effect of spatial characteristics on campus open space uses of youth: Example of KTU Kanuni Campus
Gençlerin kampüs açık mekân kullanımlarına mekânsal özelliklerin etkisi: KTÜ Kanuni Kampüsü örneği
Authors: Düzenli Tuğba , Alpak Elif Merve , Özbilen Ali
Published: July 2017

It is necessary to assess the environment in terms of the development of young people; Young people need to spend time in appropriate places to speed up the development process and increase the influence of the youth process on personality development. When assessed from the perspective of environmental design, university campuses are one of the most important places where young people's friendship relations intensify and social roles begin to develop as well as to acquire skills related to their professions. In this study, open spaces of Karadeniz Technical University Kanuni Campus were first classified in terms of the characteristics (mobility, naturalness, openness) that should be possessed by the youth places determined in the literature and then the use of youth was observed in these places. 3 of them were high in terms of the determined characteristics and 3 were low. A total of 6 campus locations were observed and how young people used the spaces. As a result, it was found that spaces with higher levels of characteristics were more successful, more used by younger people, and group use was more intense. In other words, mobility, naturalness and openness were found to have a positive effect on campus.Extended English abstract is in the end of PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetGençlerin gelişimi açısından çevreyi değerlendirmek gereklidir; gençlerin gelişim sürecini hızlandırmak, gençlik sürecinin kişilik gelişimine etkisini arttırmak için uygun mekânlarda zaman geçirmeleri gerekir. Çevre tasarımı açısından değerlendirildiğinde, meslekleriyle ilgili donanımlarını kazanmaları yanında gençlerin arkadaşlık ilişkilerinin yoğunlaştığı ve sosyal roller geliştirmeye başladığı önemli mekânlardan biri de üniversite kampüsleridir. Bu çalışmada da Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Kanuni Kampüsü açık mekânları önce literatürden belirlenen genç mekânlarının sahip olması gereken özellikler (hareketlilik, doğallık, açıklık) bakımından sınıflandırılmış, daha sonra bu mekânlarda gençlerin kullanımları gözlemlenmiştir. 3’ü belirlenen özellikler bakımından yüksek, 3 ü düşük olmak üzere toplam 6 kampüs mekânında davranış gözlemi yapılmış, gençlerin mekânları nasıl kullandığı incelenmiştir. Sonuçta özellikler açısından düzeyleri yüksek olan mekânların dahabaşarılı olduğu ve daha çok genç tarafından kullanıldığı ve grup kullanımının yoğunluktaolduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Yani hareketlilik, doğallık, açıklık özelliklerinin kampüs mekân kullanımını olumlu yönde etkilediği belirlenmiştir.// Annotate Highlight
Comparison of Different Anesthetic Protocols for Morphometric Measurements of Carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Çağiltay Ferhat , Atanasoff Alexander , Sağlam Mehmet , Çağatay Soner , Nikolov Galin , Ekim Okan , Seçer Faik Sertel
Published: July 2017

Measurement of growth performances in fish is carried out in stressful and unnatural environment. The purpose of the present investigation was to compare the effect of four different water-borne anesthetic agents. The fish (Ave. wt. 400.3±7.12 g) were divided into four groups in the glass tanks (80×48×30 cm) containing 80 L of dechlorinated bore water. For the first group we used clove oil (CO) and anesthetic agents used for other three groups were as follows: second group- lidocaine 1% (LC), III groupisoflourane (IF), IV group-halothane (HT). During experiment, water quality parameters (to, pH, О2, and NO3) were recorded. The desired concentration of anesthetics was established andinduction time, maintenance and recovery time were recorded. In two groups out of four (LC and HT) time of induction was longer approximately with 1 minute and time of recovery was shorter with 30 seconds in comparison with other two groups (CO and IF) where the time for both was 3 minutes. It could be concluded that the anesthetic time for each of the protocols used was about 4-5 minutes and allowed to measure the growth performance. An effective and safe agent is 1% lidocaine used as a water-based anesthetic at 100 mg.L-1. Isoflurane can be used with caution in small carp because there is a risk of overdose. We recommend the anesthetic clove oil protocol.
Changes in the Concentrations of Some Plasma Proteins During Acute Inflammation in Dogs
Authors: Zapryanova Dimirtinka , Mircheva Teodora , Hristov Tsanko , Lazarov Lazarin , Atanasov Aleksander , Petrova Yoana , Lalev Damyan
Published: July 2017

The purpose of the present study was to analyse the changes in concentrations of total proteins, albumin, globulins and albumin/globulin ratio in dogs with experimentally induced acute inflammation. The study was performed on 9 mongrel dogs (experimental group) and 6 mongrel dogs (control group) at the age of 2 years and body weight 12-15 kg. The acute inflammation was reproduced by inoculation of 2 ml turpentine oil in the lumbar region subcutaneously and in same quantity saline in control dogs. Blood samples were collected into heparinized tubes before inoculation (hour 0) then at hours 6, 24, 48, 72 and on days 7, 14, 21. The statistical analysis of the data was performed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The level of albumin statistically decreased in the experimental dogs from at 72nd h to day 14 while the concentration of globulins increased from the 72nd h to day 21. On days 7 and 14 the albumin/globulin ratio slightly decreased. During the whole post inoculation period the values of total protein have not changed. The dates of the present study confirm that albumin, albumin/globulin ratio and globulins are sensitive factors in inflammatory conditions in dogs.
Peng She’s tomb of the Chu State of the Spring-and-Autumn Period in Nanyang, Henan
Authors: Nanyang Municipal Institute Of Cult
Published: July 2017

In June of 2008, archaeologists excavated a tomb (M38) of the Chu State from the late Spring-and-Autumn Period. It was a rectangular vertical pit tomb with a wooden tomb chamber and two coffins; the opening at ground level was 7m long from north to south and 5m wide from east to west. The two coffins were laid side by side in the north part of the chamber. The grave goods included bronzes, jade and stone wares, leather armor, etc. The bronzes were especially fine, including chariot-and-horse fittings, tools, ritual vessels of various types, and a wide variety of weapons. The tomb yielded five lidded
Late Paleolithic site at Locality S9 of Shizitan Complex in Jixian County, Shanxi
Authors: Shizitan Archaeological Team  , Shanxi Provincial Institute Of Arch
Published: July 2017

Locality S9 within the Shizitan site complex in Jixian County, Shanxi Province is one of the late Paleolithic sites at Shizitan. This locality yielded rich cultural remains. Chipped stone technology, similar to that common in North China, is represented by small sized flake stone tools including scrapers, points and choppers, which was produced by hard-hammer percussion, followed by pressure flaking technique for micro-blade production. Stone querns, stone grinding rollers, pigment pieces and pigment pulverizing tools, and ornaments made of clam shells and ostrich eggshells are also unearthed. Shizitan Locality S9 cultural remains provided abundant information for researches on the transition from late Paleolithic to early Neolithic periods in the region as well as on origins of agriculture in North China in general.
The excavation of a stone crypt of the Liao Dynasty in Chaoyang City, Liaoning
Authors: Liaoning Provincial Institute Of Cu
Published: July 2017

In October of 2004, archaeologists excavated a stone crypt of the Liao Dynasty in Chaoyang City, Liaoning Province. The unearthed artifacts include porcelains, glass wares, silverwares, lacquer wares, wooden articles, a stone casket with
A preliminary study on the fu and yue institution in ancient China
Authors: Qian Yaopeng
Published: July 2017

In ancient China, there were well-developed
Differentiation of two types of cultural remains of the Eastern Zhou Period in North China: on the relationships among the Rong, Di and the Hu
Authors: Yang Jianhua
Published: July 2017

In the Spring-and-Autumn and Warring-States Periods, North China went through remarkable changes in material culture, economic type, social formation and ethnographic aspect and entered a period of great prosperity. Were the main ethnic groups in this cultural zone concerned with the “Rong”, “Di” and “Hu” recorded in ancient Chinese documents? What difference existed between them? How was the replacement of the Rong and Di by the Hu reflected in material culture? The present paper tries to answer these questions through an integrated study of related archaeological data and literal evidence. Based on a typological and morphological examination of northern bronzes and related artifacts, the available cultural remains can be classified into two types. The two types of remains are varying chronologically and reflect distinct difference in material culture, ethnographic aspect and economic life.
A study of Xianbei tombs
Authors: Wei Zheng
Published: July 2017

The present paper divides the generally recognized Xianbei tombs into five groups. The first group is in the Hailar River valley; the second group, in the West Liaohe River valley; the third group, in the Chaoyang area; the fourth group, along the boundary between Inner Mongolia and Shanxi; and the fifth group, in northern Shanxi, middle Inner Mongolia and the zone a little west of them. In cultural aspect, the tombs of the second group present Xianbei features in pottery but distinct difference from the already affirmed Xianbei graves in burial manner. Referring to literature records, it may be reasonable to attribute them to the Wuhuan rather than to the Eastern Xianbei. The tombs of the third group centering on Chaoyang belong to the Murong Xianbei and present distinct features related to the second group tombs, which suggests that the Murong Xianbei culture may have partly inherited the Wuhuan culture. The fifth group tombs are the closest to the Northern Wei burials so far excavated, so they may represent the source of the Tuoba Xianbei culture. The first group of remains can hardly be taken as the direct forerunner of the fifth group graves and Northern Wei tombs, so they may have belonged to the Eastern Xianbei rather than to the Tuoba Xianbei. As the fifth group tombs show certain similarity in grave goods to the fourth group that may have belonged to Tan Shihuai’s reign, to speak in temporal terms, it was hardly possible that the Tuoba Xianbei entered the Datong area through the route on the western side of the Greater Khingan Mountains. Moreover, as the fifth group tombs are related to a certain extent to the Xiongnu tombs near Lake Baikal, it can be inferred that the Tuoba Xianbei originated in the northern Greater Khingan Mountains, then went into the zone near Hulun Buir, from there migrated southwestwards, and later, turning eastwards, entered the middle area of present-day Inner Mongolia.
Prehistoric settlements and environment of West Liaohe River Valley
Authors: Han Maoli
Published: July 2017

Investigations show that the settlements of the Xinglongwa and Zhaobaogou Cultures (a. 8-6ka BP), the subsistence types of which were mainly gathering, fishing and hunting, were located within the timberland zone largely concentrated at altitudes between 400-600m above the sea level suitable for these economic activities, while the zones higher and lower than these altitudes only occasionally played this role. In the Hongshan through Upper Xiajiadian Cultures (a. 6-3ka BP), the weather became cold and dry, primitive agriculture increased its importance in the means of subsistence and the population grew gradually, all of which caused the settlements to be expanded from timberland to lower steppes. Every change in the subsistence pattern was embodied in the relationship between the settlement and the environment, and the breakthrough in the settlement location choices by expanding living space from forest margin was just a result of promotion by agricultural production. The gathering, fishing and hunting economy of the Xinglongwa and Zhaobaogou periods made the settlement occupation shorter than that in the Hongshan period and later times when agriculture had held the leading position in economy. Both the duration of settlement occupation and the alteration of settlement culture prove that the man-land relationship in the prehistoric West Liaohe River Valley was kept in a relative equilibrium.
On the subsistence practices of the Shi’erqiao Culture: focused on zooarchaeology
Authors: He Kunyu
Published: July 2017

Through the analyses of the number of identified specimens (NISP), minimum number of individuals (MNI) and estimation of meat available from the animal remains unearthed from representative sites of the Chengdu Plain Type and Eastern Chongqing Type of the Shi’erqiao Culture, this paper discusses the subsistence strategy of this culture. The results show that the meat resources of the Chengdu Plain Type were mainly domesticated animals, while those of the Eastern Chongqing Type were mainly hunted animals. This paper draws the conclusion that in the early stage of human civilization, the subsistence strategies of different types of the same archaeological culture might be different, while those of different archaeological cultures might be similar; the factors influencing the subsistence strategies are mainly the natural environment, regional economic traditions, and population pressures.
The Yejiashan Cemetery of the Western Zhou Dynasty in Suizhou City, Hubei
Authors: Hubei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeolog
Published: July 2017

In February through June 2011, Hubei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and Suizhou Museum excavated Yejiashan Cemetery of the Western Zhou Dynasty. The excavation uncovered areas of 3700sq m in total, from which 65 tombs and one horse pit were recovered and over 700 pieces (or sets) of artifacts including bronzes, potteries, proto-porcelain wares and jades were unearthed. Some bronzes bore inscriptions of “Zeng 曾”, “Hou 侯 (marquis)”, “Zeng Hou 曾侯 (Marquis of Zeng)”, “Zeng Hou Jian 曾侯谏 (Marquis of Zeng named Jian)” and so on. The styles of the grave goods and the inscriptions on the bronzes showed that this cemetery was the family cemetery of the Marquis of Zeng in the early Western Zhou Dynasty. The excavation of the Yejiashan Cemetery has academic significances for the researches on the relationships between the Zeng and E States and Zeng and Chu States to the east of the Han River in the early Western Zhou Dynasty.
The excavation of the house remains of Yangshao Culture at Xiahe Site in Baishui County, Shaanxi
Authors: Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology
Published: July 2017

In 2010, the Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology excavated the Xiahe Site located at Xiahexi Village in Baishui County, Shaanxi Province. The outstanding findings included three large-sized house structures featuring pentagonal plans, inner and outer walls, and lime-plastered floors made from calcareous nodules (liaojiang). F1 was the largest of the three structures. The assemblage of material remains comprised mainly potsherds, as well as some stone, bone and shell artifacts. The potsherds from F1 showed pottery assemblage of pointed-bottomed bottle, bowl, basin, jar, zeng-steamer and lid. That from F2 showed pottery assemblage of pointed-bottomed bottle, bowl, basin, jar and vat. The style of material remains chronologically placed the Xiahe occupation to the late Miaodigou Phase. The findings are significant to the study of architecture, settlement pattern and economy of the Yangshao Age.
The excavation of the Xiongjiazhong Graveyard in Jingzhou, Hubei in 2008
Authors: Jingzhou Municipal Museum
Published: July 2017

The Xiongjiazhong Graveyard is situated on a low hill to the west of Zhangchang and Zongbei Villages in Chuandian Town, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province. It is 550m long from the north to the south and 200m wide from the west to the east and is composed of main tombs, auxiliary tombs, human victim burials, sacrificial pits and chariot-and-horse pits. From March to December 2008, the Jingzhou Municipal Museum excavated there six horse pits, three small chariot-and-horse pits, and a larger part of a large-sized chariot-and-horse pit (the “grand chariot-and-horse pit” which was numbered CHMK1 by the excavators), in which various types of chariots are orderly arranged in two rows. Judged by the unearthed bronzes and the date of the whole graveyard, the chariot-and-horse pits were probably built in the mid Warring-States Period. The grand chariot-and-horse pit at Xiongjiazhong is also the largest among those discovered so far throughout China. So its excavation is of great value to the study of the chariot system in the Warring- States Period.
Architectural foundation No. 5 of the Northern Wei Palace found at Han-Wei Luoyang City, Henan
Authors: Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
Published: July 2017

In 2010 through 2011, the Sino-Japanese Joint Archaeological Team organized by the Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties (Nabunken), Japan, recovered the foundation of the southwestern corner structure (numbered Architectural foundation No. 5) of the Northern Wei Dynasty Palace City to the west of Changhe Gate. This excavation not only found the exact location of the southwestern corner of the Northern Wei Dynasty Palace City and the orientations, scales and structures of the palace wall and drainage system but also made us more clearly understand the first building date and the continuation of use of this section of the palace wall. This discovery is significantly meaningful for the researches on the layout of the Northern Wei Luoyang City and the evolution of the planning of the capital cities in ancient China.
On the archaeology of traditional industry
Authors: Bai Yunxiang
Published: July 2017

The term “archaeology of traditional industry” refers to the archaeological researches on all of the processing, manufacturing and mining industries before the occurrence of the modern Industrial Revolution. The putting forward of this concept has profound backgrounds of theory and time. The traditional industry had very diversified specialties, which could be classified into 25 categories. The researches on the archaeology of traditional industry mainly include the materials, tools and apparatuses, techniques and operation sequences, products, the circulation and consumption of products, producers, methods of producing and managing, industrial distribution and structure, social economy and social culture, in total the contents of these ten aspects; the research methods mainly include basic archaeological methods, multi-disciplinary cooperative researches and multi-perspective researches, etc.
The Miaodigou Age and “early China”
Authors: Han Jianye
Published: July 2017

At the time of the Dongzhuang and Miaodigou Types of the Yangshao Culture, the archaeological cultures in most regions within present-day China formed for the first time into a cultural community with the Central Plains as the center. The new period during which this cultural community existed is known as the Miaodigou Age. Seen as a whole, the Miaodigou Age was formed under the influence of the powerful expansion of Dongzhuang and Miaodigou Types of Yangshao Culture around 4000 BCE, the completion of which marked the formation of the “Early Chinese Cultural Sphere” or the “Early China” in a cultural sense.
The restoration of the chariots of the Warring-States Period in Majiayuan, Gansu
Authors: Zhao Wucheng
Published: July 2017

In 2006 through 2009, 17 tombs and one chariot and horse pit of the Warring-States Period were excavated at Majiayuan Cemetery in Zhangjiachuan County, Gansu Province. From these tombs and the pit, over 30 chariots in various types and with diversified decorations were unearthed. This paper tries to restore these chariots based on their remains and the records in the relevant historic literature, and discusses the functions of the newdiscovered parts and ornaments as well as the evolution of the double-wheeled and single-poled chariots.
On the Kele Culture
Authors: Yang Yong
Published: July 2017

The local-styled tombs of the Warring-States Period to the Western Han Dynasty recovered at Kele Site in Hezhang County, Guizhou Province had rich cultural connotations and distinct features, the “head encasing” burial custom of which was especially unique. These tombs showed sharp differences to the Han-styled tombs in the same cemetery and other regional cultural remains in peripheral areas and represented a new archaeological culture in the Xinan Yi (Southwest Barbarians) Region of the Warring-States to the Qin-Han Periods, which could be named as “Kele Culture”. The putting forward of the concept of “Kele Culture” and the research on it had great academic significance; they will positively influence the archaeological researches on the Xinan Yi Region of the Warring-States to the Qin-Han Periods and lay firm foundation for the in-depth archaeological exploration of Yelang Culture.
“Flanders was empty and uncultivated and heavily wooded”: Historiography as Urban Resource in the Twelfth Century
Authors: Rider Jeff
Published: July 2017

The stories that the inhabitants of a milieu tell themselves and others about that milieu are an important part of the immaterial, human, symbolic resources available to them to help them grasp, articulate and inflect their milieu’s historical development and thus shape its future. The conglomerate of stories that the inhabitants of a milieu tell themselves and others about that milieu, the milieu’s storyworld, is unique to that milieu and help make that milieu unique. A distinct storyworld is part of what makes one milieu different from other milieux, is 13 one of the matrices that orient and limit a milieu’s future development, part of what gives it its sens and leads it to develop in certain ways and not others. This is how the storyworld of a milieu, reflected in its historiography, is a resource for the development of that milieu.
A Qualitative Analysis of the Global IFRS Adoption. Trustees Perspective
Authors: Panagiotis Gargalis
Published: July 2017

In this article, we take a closer look at the possible effects of adopting the IAS/FIFRS standards around the globe. In order to determine what the IASB opinion regarding this impact is, we turned to the concerns of trustees. Using 3 interviews conducted with three of the trustees of IFRS on the possibility of creating a global accounting language, we realized a content analysis of the responses given. The results obtained after auto coding the responses of the trustees in NVivo, a program used in qualitative analysis, highlighted that standards adoption is an important part of the accounting process in multiple countries, national experiences being significant to the board of trustees in order to make improvements to standards at a global level.
The Foreign Languages Factor in the Development of Tourism in Nigeria
Authors: Edung Mike T. U.
Published: July 2017

Inbound tourism as defined by the WTO is obviously the aspect of a nation’s tourism industry to which foreign languages are directly relevant: this aspect involves foreign tourists visiting the country of reference. This paper uses Leiper’s (1979) conceptualisation of the tourism system to examine the role of foreign languages in the operations of Nigerian inbound tourism from TGR and TDR perspectives. Among the most significant revelations of this examination are the facts that: i) tourism destinations in Nigeria are to be advertised on the web and in print in the TGR countries using the languages of those countries; and ii) tour guides in Nigeria are to be trained in foreign languages to facilitate travels, stay and related transactions and activities of foreign tourists in Nigeria. These and other findings can enhance the Nigerian inbound tourism industry.
Multiple-Wave Solutions to Generalized Bilinear Equations in Terms of Hyperbolic and Trigonometric Solutions
Authors: Ünsal Ömer , Ma Wen-Xiu , Zhang Yujuan
Published: July 2017

The linear superposition principle is applied to hyperbolic and trigonometric function solutions to generalized bilinear equations. We determine sufficient and necessary conditions for the existence of linear subspaces of hyperbolic and trigonometric function solutions to generalized bilinear equations. By using weights, three examples are given to show applicability of our theory.
Exploring the Energy Implication of Urban Density in Residential Buildings
Authors: Boukarta Soufiane , Berezowska Ewa
Published: July 2017

In the context of the Algerian energy policy, and through the review of the Algiers’ residential building stock, this paper explores the correlation between the energy consumption of gas and electricity with urban density. Based on a holistic approach of the 57 Algiers’ municipalities, the analysis is organized in two ways. Firstly, the spatial approach is conducted within a GIS implementation, carried out based on the 2013 aggregated annual energy consumption data. The cross analysis of Electricity and Gas consumption and density of population within a GIS spatial distribution approach shows effectively a strong correlation between urban density and energy consumption with a Pearson correlation of −56% and −65% of the Electricity and Gas consumption in the urban municipalities, respectively. Also, the household located in the suburban municipalities consume clearly more energy than the urban centered ones. Based on the electricity and gas consumption, density and carbon footprint we have clustered, within a PCA, the Algiers’ municipalities into three profiles: the “thrifty”, the “intermediate” and the “wasteful” profile.
Effects of Concrete Block Pavement on Flow Retardation Factor
Authors: Sedyowati Laksni , Susanti Eko Indah
Published: July 2017

Surface roughness has an important role in retarding the runoff velocity. The increase in paving blocks usage, particularly in urban areas, can change the surface roughness of the land. This study investigated the effects of four types of concrete block pavements (CBPs) in retarding the surface runoff velocity. Three design parameters based on CBP properties that considerably influenced the flow retardation were promoted. They were opening ratio (Or), void ratio (Vr) and straight channel ratio (Sr). A tilted plot equipped with a rainfall simulator was used to investigate the influence of surface slope and rainfall intensity to the flow on various CBPs. A modified dye tracing method in view was performed to monitor the surface flow velocity under various rainfall intensities. Flow retardation coefficient (Frd) were calculated based on velocity data on smooth pavement and on CBPs layer measured under the same slope and rainfall intensity. The results showed that flow retardation coefficient increased with an increase in openings ratio, rainfall intensity and surface slope. The relationship between flow retardation coefficient and all design parameters was expressed by a linear regression function. A further study is required to increase the accuracy of the model by modifying the regression function and increasing the variation of design parameters.
Erythroplasia of Queyrat Treated with 5% Imiquimod Cream — Case Report Emphasizing the Role of Human Papilloma Virus Testing in a Clinical Setting
Authors: Chiriac Anca , Brzezinski Piotr , Podoleanu Cristian , Stolnicu Simona
Published: July 2017

Background:Anogenital premalignancies and malignancies often affect females and males, and human papillomavirus infection plays a crucial role in their etiopathogenesis. These lesions are very important and represent an immense public health burden.

Case presentation:A 78-year-old Caucasian male presented to the Dermatology Unit for persistent, slowly progressing, well-demarcated, erythematous plaques on the glans penis, observed by the patient 18 months prior to the consultation. Variable topical treatments were applied, with no improvement and with the denial of a punch biopsy. A clinical diagnosis of erythroplasia of Queyrat was established and the test for HPV revealed an association with subtype 16 (which excluded other benign inflammatory conditions). Positive results were obtained after 4 weeks of topical application of 5% imiquimod cream, once daily, 5 times a week.

Conclusion:Erythroplasia of Queyrat should be diagnosed in a non-compliant patient based on the clinical picture and HPV testing even in the absence of a biopsy, and a non-surgical treatment should be initiated immediately.
Alopecia Areata and Suicide Ideation
Authors: Chiriac Anca , Podoleanu Cristian , Stolnicu Simona
Published: July 2017

Alopecia areata represents an autoimmune process against an unidentified autoantigen in the follicle of the hair, which affects all ages, from young children (a few months old) to elderly patients. Alopecia areata has an important impact on the quality of life, leading to a predisposition towards anxiety and depression, especially if the patients are treated with corticoid therapy that heightens the risk for such psychiatric disorders. We present the case of a patient with alopecia areata who was diagnosed at the age of 18 months, and had been followed-up until the age of 27 years.
Risk Factors for Congenital Hearing Loss: Which Are the Most Relevant?
Authors: Balázs Andor , Neagoș Adriana
Published: July 2017

Introduction:Congenital hearing loss is a multifactorial disease that affects mostly premature newborns exposed to certain risk factors. The recent widespread introduction of newborn hearing screening in Tîrgu Mureş, Romania prompted the need for a multidisciplinary centralized study on the subject.

Case series presentation:We collected data from 340 neonates born in 2014 who had undergone neonatal hearing screening with otoacoustic emissions. Our focus group consisted of 137 neonates with a gestational age of less than 37 weeks. We collected data on the pregnancy, birth, and perinatal period, and then analyzed the impact of infections, treatments — with or without ototoxic potential, hypoxia, mechanical ventilation, intrauterine malnutrition, and the presence of malformations. Premature neonates showed a significantly higher number of REFER results than those with a normal gestational age. The rates of low birthweight, head circumference, and infant length; low Apgar scores; hypoxia in the perinatal period; the presence of placental pathology, mechanical ventilation, and perinatal infections; and the concomitant potentially ototoxic treatment were significantly higher in the REFER group. The age of the mother, bilirubin levels, and oxytocin use during birth did not prove to be relevant.

Conclusions:Known risk factors can cause hearing loss in a considerable number of newborns and mandate a multidisciplinary approach to the problem at hand. The referral of these patients to an ENT specialist and their correct management according to an individualized hearing recovery plan is crucial
Transformation of Aggressive Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Benedek István , Lázár Erzsébet , Pakucs Annamária , Köpeczi Judit-Beáta , Benedek István , Jakab Szende , Sándor-Kéri Johanna
Published: July 2017

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), representing up to 30 percent of all lymphomas. DLBCL is a fast-growing, aggressive form of NHL, which can appear as a transformation from a less aggressive form of lymphoma or can be de novo pathology. The following article describes the case of a 55-year-old female patient who developed a DLBCL as a second malignancy after an R-CHOP-treated marginal zone splenic lymphoma. This was followed by the transformation of the DLBCL into an aggressive acute lymphoblastic leukemia, for which the patient needed aggressive treatment according to the international acute lymphoblastic leukemia protocol.
Complex Comparison of Bavarian and Bohemian Forest National Parks from Geographical Perspective: Is there More Similarity or Difference?
Authors: Janík Tomáš , Romportl Dušan
Published: July 2017

This article focuses on comparison of the landscape of two National Parks (Bavarian and Bohemian Forest), which together create the largest area of wilderness in Central Europe. The article shows how different they are in social-economic and physical-geographical perspective. Social and economic conditions were introduced from perspective of path dependency and recent situation and its perception. Furthermore, we integrated social-economic and environmental perspective in the ecosystem services concept. Despite the lesser number tourists arriving to the Bavarian part of the area, perception is better than among mayors of municipalities on the Czech side. Different history, management and top-down and bottom-up approaches usage can explain these differences. The typologies of environmental conditions help us to distinguish differences between both National Parks. In the Bavarian Forest we can find more equal share of forests (coniferous, broad-leaved, mixed) and surprisingly, thanks to large unmanaged part bigger relative share of regenerating forest landscapes than in the Bohemian Forest. Physical-geographical typology distinguishes five classes. Relative distribution of the classes is similar, but we can determine area of high plateau mainly on Czech side and on the other hand class of steeper terrain is located mainly in Bavarian Forest. Ecosystem services was presented by integrating landscape capacity analysis showing small differences between both National Parks in this case and no relation between land cover and attractiveness for tourism.
Spatio-Temporal Dynamics in Land Use and Habitat Fragmentation within a Protected Area Dedicated to Tourism in a Sudanian Savanna of West Africa
Authors: Dimobe Kangbéni , Goetze Dethardt , Ouédraogo Amadé , Forkuor Gerald , Wala Kpérkouma , Porembski Stefan , Thiombiano Adjima
Published: July 2017

Nazinga Game Ranch (NGR) is a reserve in Burkina Faso involving local communities for securing biodiversity through sustainable management. Yet, its ecosystems are threatened by increasing number of elephants and illegal human activities. Renowned as a model of wildlife participatory management, NGR has mainly been studied for its animal wildlife only. The aim of this study was to uncover ecological effects of recent land management on savanna habitats including tourism, and to conclude on more sustainable options, land use/land cover (LULC) changes and vegetation dynamics in NGR were analyzed. This was accomplished with multi-temporal change detection using Landsat images of 1984, 2002 and 2013 to map seven representative LULC classification categories, and quantitative indices of landscape metrics. The results showed that the LULC dynamics in NGR from 1984 to 2013 was mainly characterized by an expansion of gallery forest, tree savanna and agricultural area and a reduction of shrub savanna, woodland and bare soils. From 2002 to 2013, fragmentation in all land cover types increased at the landscape level, whereas at the class level, it decreased for woodland. Our findings provided evidence of habitat degradation in NGR, due to extensive agriculture, tourism and growing of elephants’ population. According to the original management goals and the purposes of the reserve, both fauna and tourism are to be maintained and sustained in a sustainable way. Adaptation of land use and targeted wildlife management are the main requirements for avoiding further degradation of vegetation and thus of the existence basis of local inhabitants, animals and tourism.
“Pool it or lose it?” – a contrastive analysis of discourses concerning EU military integration and demilitarisation in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Heinikoski Saila
Published: July 2017

This article illustrates that justification for EU military integration is sought with imperatives related to the economy, security, EU integration, and demands of citizens of the Member States. However, EU Treaties in terms of the improvement of military capabilities are not considered as a justification, but the European Union appears to be more of a power-enhancing realist actor rather than a normative one. As a counterexample to the European discourses, I discuss the case of the demilitarisation of the Åland Islands, in which case treaties perfectly justify demilitarization. I conclude that the development of European military integration is justified by political imperatives, but the demilitarization of the Åland Islands is supported with reference to agreements, which illustrate the differences in justifying military force and its absence. It is concluded that while the European Union appears as a realist actor in terms of defence, Finland complies with the image of a normative power as far as the Åland Islands are concerned.
Teaching foreign language to adults from the aspects of psychodidactic conception of education
Authors: Petrová Gabriela , Kozárová Nina
Published: July 2017

Psychodidactic themes focused on the educational context have recently been resolved in both theoretical and research work. These themes are connected with general didactics, educational psychology, individual subject didactics, linguistics, philosophy, anthropology and neurosciences. Since the psychodidactic context of education is a widespectral and interdisciplinary topic, the present contribution deals with the issues of psychological aspects in the context of foreign language learning of adults. Good lecturers are looking for ways to help participants develop key competences. The support of lecturers has a chance to be successful especially when it is systematic and includes high-quality theoretical preparation. The aim of this paper is to attract attention, to a theoretical level, to using psychodidactic aspects during foreign language training of adults as well as to the building of competences necessary for the self- realisation of training course participants.
Composition and Concentration of Serum Fatty Acids of Phospholipids Depend on Tumour Location and Disease Progression in Colorectal Patients
Authors: Bugajska Jolanta , Berska Joanna , Hodorowicz-Zaniewska Diana , Sztefko Krystyna
Published: July 2017

Background: Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play a role in the development/progression of colon cancer. The aim of the study was to assess the relation between serum phospholipids PUFAs, colorectal tumour localization and disease progression. Methods: A total of 67 patients (18 with proximal colon, 17 with distal colon and 32 with rectal tumour localization) as well as 16 controls were studied. One year after surgery, 33 patients had disease progression. Serum levels of C16:1(n-7), C18:1(n-9), C18:3(n-3), C20:5(n-3), C22:6(n- 3), C18:2(n-6), C20:2(n-6), C20:4(n-6) fatty acids of se - rum phospholipids were quantitatively measured before surgery by gas-chromatography. Results: Significantly higher mean value of C18:2, as compared to control, has been noted only for patients with proximal (p<0.05) and distal tumour (p<0.03) localization. The lower mean level of C20:5 and unsaturation index (UI) were observed in colorectal cancer patients regardless the tumour localization, but the statistical difference was noted only for patients with proximal tumours (p<0.05, p<0.03). In patients with proximal tumours, significantly lower mean level of C20:4 and UI were noted in patients with disease progression, as compared to patients with proximal tumours without disease progression (p<0.05). Conclusion: The evaluation of PUFAs as a risk/prognostic factor in colorectal cancer patients should take into account tumour localization as a dependent variable.
ISO 15189 Accreditation: Navigation Between Quality Management and Patient Safety
Authors: Plebani Mario , Sciacovelli Laura
Published: July 2017

Accreditation is a valuable resource for clinical laboratories and the development of an International Standard for their accreditation represented a milestone on the path towards improved quality and safety in laboratory medicine. The recent revision of the International Standard, ISO 15189, has further strengthened its value not only for improving the quality system of a clinical laboratory but also for better answering the request for competence, focus on customers’ needs and ultimate value of laboratory services. Although in some countries more general standards such as ISO 9001 for quality systems or ISO 17025 for testing laboratories are still used, there is increasing recognition of the value of ISO 15189 as the most appropriate and useful standard for the accreditation of medical laboratories. In fact, only this International Standard recognizes the importance of all steps of the total testing process, namely extra-analytical phases, the need to focus on technical competence in addition to quality systems, and the focus on customers’ needs. However, the number of accredited laboratories largely varies between European countries and also major differences affect the approaches to accreditation promoted by the national bodies. In particular, some national accreditation bodies perpetuate the use of fixed scopes, while the European co-operation for accreditation (EA) and the European Federation of Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) Working Group promote the use of flexible scopes. Major issues in clinical laboratory accreditation are the verification of examination procedures for imprecision, trueness and diagnostic accuracy and for estimating measurement uncertainty. In addition, quality indicators (QIs) are a fundamental requirement of the ISO 15189 International Standard.
A Survey of Helminth Infections in the Black Rat from Stara Zagora District, Bulgaria
Authors: Iliev Petar T. , Georgiev Georgi Zh. , Kirkova Zvezdelina T. , Chakarova Borislava G.
Published: July 2017

A field study was conducted to disclose the prevalence of different helminth parasites in the black rat, Rattus rattus, in some regions of Stara Zagora district, Bulgaria. Out of 67 examined rats, 53 (79.1%) were found to be positive. Helminths of three classes were detected such as Cestoda: Hymenolepis diminuta (47.8%), Hymenolepis nana (43.3%), Taenia taeniaeformis larvae (7.5%), Taenia polyacantha larvae (1.5%); Secernentea: Syphacia obvelata (4.5%), Aspiculuris tetraptera (3.0%) and Adenophorea: Capillaria hepatica (9.0%), Trichuris muris (3.0%). Of all the investigated rats, 27 (40.3%) were infected by one helminth species and 26 (38.8%) by more than one. Hymenolepis diminuta was a predominant species in cases of single infections (23.9%). The most frequent co-infections were observed by H. nana and H. diminuta (16.4%).
The Sheffer stroke operation reducts of basic algebras
Authors: Oner Tahsin , Senturk Ibrahim
Published: July 2017

In this study, a term operation Sheffer stroke is presented in a given basic algebra 𝒜 and the properties of the Sheffer stroke reduct of 𝒜 are examined. In addition, we qualify such Sheffer stroke basic algebras. Finally, we construct a bridge between Sheffer stroke basic algebras and Boolean algebras.
Automorphism groups with some finiteness conditions
Authors: Pióro Konrad
Published: July 2017

All considered groups are torsion or do not contain infinitely generated subgroups. If such a groupGacts transitively on a connected algebraA, then all elements ofAhave the same stabilizer, so this stabilizer is a normal subgroup (it is also shown that these facts are not true for arbitrary groups). Hence the automorphism group Aut(A) is a homomorphic image ofG. In particular, if the action ofGis, in addition, faithful, thenGis isomorphic to Aut(A). By these results we first obtain that for each (not necessarily connected) algebraA, if all of its Aut(A)-orbits are connected, then Aut(A) is a subdirect product of automorphism groups of these orbits. Secondly, connected components of Aut(A)-orbits have automorphism extension property.

Next, we show that ifAis a connected algebra such that Aut(A) acts transitively on it, then the group structure of Aut(A) may be transported onAsuch that the left multiplications are all automorphisms ofAand the right multiplications are all unary term operations ofA. Hence all the unary term operations ofAare bijective, so they generate a subgroup of the group of all bijections of the carrier ofA. It is shown that this group is anti-isomorphic to Aut(A). Thus the Birkhoff’s construction of an algebra with a given group of automorphisms is unique in some sense when restricted to groups we consider here.

The Birkhoff’s construction can be slightly modified so as to obtain a smaller set of operations. In fact, it is enough to take the right multiplications by generators. Moreover, we show that this is the best possible lower bound for the number of unary operations in the case of groups considered here. If we admit non-unary operations, then for finite and countable groups we can reduce the number of operations to one binary operation. On the other hand, ifAis a connected algebra such that Aut(A) is torsion and acts onAtransitively, then each element generatesA. Hence ifAis such an algebra with an uncountable group Aut(A), then the cardinality of the set of operations ofAis greater or equal than the cardinality of Aut(A).
Abundant semigroups with a *-normal idempotent
Authors: Hou Yonglin , Guo Junying , Guo Xiaojiang
Published: July 2017

The notion of *-normal idempotents is introduced. The structure theorem for abundant semigroups with a *-normal idempotent is obtained. As its applications, we establish the construction theorem of naturally ordered abundant semigroups with a greatest idempotent.