bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Charakterystyka pojęć dotyczących Afryki zawartych we współczesnych słownikach języka polskiego
Authors: Kwiecińska Karolina
Published: July 2015

Comparison of the linguistic image of Africa in a specific Polish dictionaryThis project constitutes the main part of my doctoral thesis carried out under the supervision of Prof. Zbigniew Greń at the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences. In order to conduct comparative research and to analyze the differences between lexemes in Polish and Swahili, I have chosen methodology connected within a course of cognitive research, namely the linguistic image of the world. As part of the project I would like to look into and describe the linguistic image of Africa in specific Polish reportages. In addition, and in order to show the differences in the ways of conceptualisation of the reality by representatives of other cultures, I am planning to visit Tanzania to do more research. This article contains the linguistic image of Africa in a specific Polish dictionary. I have analysed the lexemes: Africa, African and Negro to show the dissimilarities.
Łużyce od wewnątrz – społeczeństwo w oczach serbołużyckich nauczycieli, twórców kultury i polityków. Krótki rys na podstawie badań przeprowadzonych w Budziszynie i okolicach w listopadzie 2011 roku
Authors: Michniuk Justyna
Published: July 2015

Lusatia from the inside – a society through the eyes of Sorbian teachers, artists and politicians. A short survey based on research conducted in Bautzen and the surrounding area in November 2011Lusatia is a region in the heart of Europe. The Sorbs – a West Slavic nation, people who have lived in Lusatia for more than 1000 years, is not one homogeneous nation, but is divided into Upper and Lower Sorbs, with two dissimilar languages, two religions and two mentalities. I decided to rediscover Lusatia and talk with the people who are Sorbs. A one month stay in Bautzen was possible thanks to financial and scientific support from the Sorbian Institute (Serbski institut / Sorbisches Institut). Examining the past and current situation of the people in Lower and Upper Lusatia, I focused on their language, history and culture. In my studies I did not want to show the external image of the Sorbs, I did not try to create it either. All I wanted was to find out from the Sorbs themselves from which ‘elements’ does their individual identity originate. I was also interested to discover if Sorbs, as the smallest Slavic nation without their own country, feel more connected to a Sorbian origin, or perhaps to German citizenship.
junOST – 1st Swiss Conference for Students of Slavic Studies (University of Basel, April 26–28 2012)
Authors: Spycher Samuel
Published: July 2015

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„Moje przodki żyli zdies’ kak Poljaki…”. Współczesne inskrypcje nagrobkowe cmentarza na Grzywie w Dyneburgu jako przyczynek do rozważań nad kryteriami tożsamości narodowej
Authors: Zawisza Robert
Published: July 2015

Contemporary tombstone inscriptions in the Griva cemetery in Daugavpils as inspiration for a scientific research on national identityThe memorial inscriptions found in the Griva cemetery in Daugavpils [Latvia] are a valuable source for scientific research on borderland communities. As well as being a multilingual region the Daugavpils area is characterized by mixed marriages, particularly between people of Polish and Russian origin. The religion of those who have deceased is of the most lasting importance; that which is understood as passed down from generation to generation. The language used in the inscriptions is the result of a complex decision-making process. This takes into account not only religious and national identity but also the will of the deceased, their place of burial and local traditions.
Co za jedni ci Szwedziska? – stereotypowe widzenie Szweda w polszczyźnie potocznej i w polskiej kulturze ludowej
Authors: Łaszkiewicz Monika
Published: July 2015

Who are those Swedes? The stereotype vision of the Swedes in the Polish language and folk culture The aim of the article is a rationalization of the Swedes in the day to day Polish language and folk culture, including the historical and cultural background. The sources from which the material was taken are: dictionaries of the Polish language, dialect dictionaries and mixed folk genres, etc. From the collected material it can be concluded that the Swedes are seen, from one point of view, as Godless invaders from a cold, northern country that had devastated Poland. This way of describing the Swedes is comparable to the characterisation of other foreign invaders, such as Tatars and Turks.
Zarys historii obrządków wschodnich na północnych obszarach Królestwa Węgier
Authors: Rapacki Franciszek
Published: July 2015

Eastern rite churches in the northern areas of the Kingdom of Hungary – historical outlineThe article provides an overview of the history of Eastern rites in the northern areas of the Kingdom of Hungary, focusing chiefly on the historical-graphic position of Karpatho-Rusyn The lands belonging today to Slovakia and Carpathian Ukraine from the Middle Ages, and the division of Christianity into two branches, were populated by a large group of believers who did not recognize the supremacy of the Roman Church. It was only in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries that the power of the popes was recognized in exchange for the preservation of their traditional, religious rites. The text reconstructs the specific societal fate of the region. The article discusses the issues of the colonization of the territory, the history of the local church institutions, the fate of this area of Europe during the times of the Reformation, the establishment of the union between the Orthodox Church and Rome, and finally the era of the emergence of modern nationalisms. This study clarifies the discourse of today’s social and national activists. It reconstructs contemporary narratives and myths and proposes an overview of the creation of the cultural and political amalgam on the slopes of the Carpathian Mountains while asking questions concerning the origins of religious syncretism.
„Russkij malczik” – bohater współczesnej literatury rosyjskiej
Authors: Borkowska Emilia
Published: July 2015

‘Russkiy malchik’ – the hero of contemporary Russian literatureThe aim of this article is to present certain processes in contemporary Russian literature and the new hero of this literature. Russia literature after the collapse of the Soviet Union changed its position in the post-soviet culture. This was the result of cultural changes in this area. Some Russian critics noticed that a crisis in Russian literature had started at the beginning of the 90’s. Although Russian literature moved from the centre to the periphery of culture, this is, however, not crisis literature. It is literature that exists in times of crisis and with a new point of view describing the surrounding world. ‘Russkiy malchik’ – the new hero of Russian literature searches for his identity in a world that has changed unpredictably. He appears in the novels and dramas of present day Russian writers: postmodernist Victor Pelevin, realist Zahkar Prilepin and sentimentalist Evgeniy Grishkovec. These writers present different styles, generations and literary genres but their heroes are prone to the same problem: How to exist in a reality that they do not understand or accept.
„Jesteśmy straconym pokoleniem”. Wspólnoty Żydów birobidżańskich w Izraelu: relacja z badań terenowych (lipiec 2012 r.)
Authors: Makarova Maria
Published: July 2015

“We are the lost generation”. Communities of Birobidzhan Jews in Israel: field research report (July 2012) In this article I describe the fieldwork conducted in Israel in 2012 among those who have emigrated from the Jewish Autonomous Oblast in Russia. Along with a general overview of the research I present a detailed analysis of my interlocutors’ discourses regarding the languages they speak and their attitude towards Judaism and what is commonly understood as Jewishness. I concentrate mainly on the knowledge of Yiddish (which up until now is the official language in Birobidzhan) and Hebrew, and also on the categories that define the Jewish element of identity for them.
Slawiści w Pradze. Coroczna konferencja na Uniwersytecie Karola
Authors: Bystrzak Magdalena
Published: July 2015

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American think tanks in the twenty-first century
Authors: Drezner Daniel W.
Published: July 2015

Think tanks have been a part of the United States’ foreign policy establishment for more than a century. They have played a significant role at key junctures in US foreign policy. Two inflection points, however, have dramatically altered the think tank landscape in the last 15 years. The 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks caused these organizations to dramatically expand their staff and overhead, as the demand for their services increased. The 2008 financial crisis subsequently left many of these same think tanks financially overextended. This circumstance forced these organizations to seek out more unconventional funding arrangements, imposing new constraints at the exact moment that their competitive environment intensified. In the twenty-first century, US foreign policy think tanks will maintain their relevancy by moving beyond what made them relevant in the last century.
Professing the common wealth of literature, Leeds 1957–1969
Authors: Low Gail
Published: July 2015

Drawing on the work of Simon Gikandi and Peter Kalliney, this article addresses the imbrication of cultural diplomacy, language and politics, and cultural capital that facilitated the rise of Commonwealth Literature at the University of Leeds. It offers a brief account of the disciplinary gestation of “Commonwealth Literature” at Leeds, addressing some of the foundational arguments in this campaign; revisits the Leeds conference of 1964 and the aid it garnered from governmental agencies; and examines the cultural work that the field is made to perform in documentation and lectures. The paper also addresses the creation of The Journal of Commonwealth Literature in the light of the Arthur Ravenscroft papers at the University of Leeds, sieving the surviving papers for interventions on the spread of English language and literary studies, and the cultural capital that they are said to help cultivate.
Evaluation of nanoalumina and nanosilica particle toughened high glass-transition temperature epoxy for liquid composite molding processes
Authors: Louis Bryan Michael , Klunker Florian , Ermanni Paolo A
Published: July 2015

In this study, nanoalumina (Al2O3) and nanosilica (SiO2) particles are evaluated as tougheners for a high glass-transition temperature (Tg) epoxy system in correlation with liquid composite molding (LCM) processability. The aim of this paper is to directly compare the effectiveness of nanoalumina and nanosilica of the same nominal particle size as epoxy tougheners on the same neat resin system. The epoxy resin system used in this study was Dow D.E.R. 330 amine cured epoxy with a Tg of 150℃. Both particle types are observed to be Tg neutral and increase fracture toughness of the base epoxy system. Between the two particle types, nanoalumina is found to be more effective than nanosilica in terms of achievable fracture toughness at a given particle loading. As resin viscosity increases with particle addition, the addition of fewer particles with the use of nanoalumina is also beneficial to LCM processing where a lower viscosity is preferable.
Dynamic responses and damage evolutions of four-step three-dimensional braided composites subjected to high strain rate punch shear loading
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Gan Xuehui , Gu Bohong , Sun Baozhong
Published: July 2015

The objective of this study was to investigate the quasi-static and dynamic behaviors of three-dimensional carbon/epoxy braided composites under high strain rate punch shear loading. The punch shear tests were conducted at four strain rates, i.e. quasi-static, high strain rates ranging from 1320 s−1 to 3109 s−1, respectively. The meso-structure model of the three-dimensional braided composite was established based on the braided preform structure. The progressive damage and three-dimensional stress distribution in shear zone of the braided composite were numerically revealed with finite element method. The influences of braiding angles and strain rate sensitivity on the punch shear behaviors have been analyzed. There was good agreement between experimental and finite element method results. The finite element method results showed that the stress concentrated on the shear region. The braiding angle plays a significant role in the shear behaviors of the three-dimensional braided composites. It was also observed that the compression damage occurred on the front surface while tension damage occurred on the back surface. The fracture of three-dimensional braided composites under high strain rate shear loading increased with the strain rate increase.
Seeing the Baby, Doing Family: Commercial Ultrasound as Family Practice?
Authors: Roberts Julie , Griffiths Frances , Verran Alice
Published: July 2015

Medical sociologists and anthropologists have studied the social significance of obstetric ultrasound for families but little is known about how women and families make use of commercially available ultrasound scans. This article draws on interviews with women who booked a scan with a commercial company in the UK. For some women, commercial ultrasound can be understood as a family practice. We investigate this theme by examining who accompanies women to commercial scan appointments, how scan images are shared and how sonograms are used as prompts to resemblance talk. We argue that commercial scans are more than an additional opportunity to acquire ‘baby’s first picture’ and offer a flexible resource to do family, creating and affirming family relationships and rehearsing roles as parents, siblings and grandparents. Our findings confirm the importance of imagination in doing family and raise questions about the role of technology and commercial interests in shaping family practices.
The Role of School Culture and Basic Psychological Needs on Iranian Adolescents’ Academic Alienation: A Multi-Level Examination
Authors: Mahmoudi Hojjat , Brown Monica R. , Amani Saribagloo Javad , Dadashzadeh Shiva
Published: July 2015

This aim of this current research was a multi-level analysis of the relationship between school culture, basic psychological needs, and adolescents’ academic alienation. One thousand twenty-nine ( N = 1,029) high school students from Qom City were randomly selected through a multi-phase cluster sampling method and answered questions regarding academic alienation, school culture, and basic psychological needs. Using HLM software for data analysis, the findings revealed that individual-level basic psychological needs had a negative and significant effect on academic alienation. Regarding school level, the effects of student–teacher relationship and educational opportunity on the academic alienation were negative and significant. In general, research findings emphasized the importance of studying multi-level factor roles and their relationship to academic alienation.
Isoi and Homoioi
Authors: Hann Matt
Published: July 2015

T.H. Green argues that rights cannot exist, save for in a society in which people recognise each other as “ ἴσοι καὶ ὅμοιοι.” Green leaves the phrase untranslated, and there is a certain ambiguity about what exactly Green meant and a lack of attention to this stipulation in the secondary literature. This essay argues that equality and sameness in Green must be understood as two categorically different criteria, both of which must be satisfied in order to make rights recognition possible. Further, this essay examines a tension this distinction between equality and sameness reveals in Green’s work: Green’s commitment to patriotism (“sameness”) in his Lectures on the Principles of Political Obligation may seem at first to be at odds with his more cosmopolitan tendencies (“equality”) in the Prolegomena to Ethics. However, a way of resolving this tension is suggested: re-conceiving what patriotism and “sameness” means by reading Green’s work as less dependent on the concept of “nation” than that of subsequent British idealists such as Bernard Bosanquet demonstrates that sameness and equality, though different, complement each other.
Health Care Services and the Coproduction Puzzle: Filling in the Blanks
Authors: Sorrentino Maddalena , Guglielmetti Chiara , Gilardi Silvia , Marsilio Marta
Published: July 2015

This qualitative study analyzes an Italian hospital’s endeavor to introduce a coproduction practice and the critical factors that affect its efficacy and efficiency. The empirical evidence shows that the meaningful engagement of the patient can be achieved only by factoring in the socioorganizational conditions of all stakeholders; that no divide exists between organizational production and client coproduction, rather, it is a relationship of interdependence that in turn raises critical issues; and that formalized and effective “practices-in-use” cannot work unless there is strong managerial commitment and enforcement of the new coproduction initiative.
A field-programmable gate array implementation of a real-time nonlinear Runge–Kutta model predictive control
Authors: Iplikci Serdar , Bahtiyar Bedri
Published: July 2015

This paper presents the very first field-programmable gate array (FPGA) implementation of the Runge–Kutta model predictive control (RKMPC) mechanism to the real-time experimental electromagnetic levitation system, which is an unstable nonlinear continuous-time system with a very small time constant. In the control mechanism, the so called Runge–Kutta model of the nonlinear system is employed as an approximate discrete-time model of the system and used in the model predictive control loop for prediction and derivative calculation purposes. Experimental results have shown the effectiveness of the proposed implementation under different control conditions. Moreover, the RKMPC has been compared to a conventional nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) method to show the advantages of the RKMPC over the NMPC.
Design of robust minimum variance controller using type-2 fuzzy set
Authors: Alipouri Yousef , Poshtan Javad
Published: July 2015

This paper presents a control strategy for achieving a robust minimum variance controller (MVC) by modelling uncertainty using a type-2 fuzzy set and satisfying H∞ norm specifications. In this paper, an MVC is designed considering three types of structural, parametric and algorithmic uncertainties. Thus, an interval type-2 fuzzy set is utilized. This paper utilizes one method to construct interval type-2 fuzzy set models by the uncertain interval data and model error modelling approach. In addition, a sufficient condition is developed that guarantees the stability and robustness of the controller. The design of a robust generalized MVC by the identified model is presented. Finally, an experimental test is used to clarify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. The proposed method (omitting uncertainty of the linear model) considerably decreases output variance from 0.15 to 0.0018.
A rapid method for measuring fat content in milk based on W-type optical fibre sensor system
Authors: Zhu Xingyue , Zhao Zhimin , Qian Kun , Wang Lexin , Lan Xiufeng
Published: July 2015

A measurement system based on a W-type optical fibre sensor for determining the fat content in milk is investigated in this paper. The system consists of a light source, W-type optical fibre sensor, detector, amplifier, A/D converter, microprocessor and thermoelectric cooler (TEC). According to Mie-scattering theory, the standard models of the system at different temperatures (25°, 30°, 35°, 40° and 45 °C) are obtained. Evaluations of all the models at different temperatures are made, which illustrate that 40 °C is the optimal temperature for fat content in milk. At 40 °C, the linear relationship between the absorbance and the fat content is significant. Furthermore, a prediction experiment has been performed to confirm the validity of the standard model. As a result, the measurement system based on a W-type optical fibre sensor is capable of measuring the fat content in milk effectively and in real time.
A Man’s (Precarious) Place
Authors: Netchaeva Ekaterina , Kouchaki Maryam , Sheppard Leah D.
Published: July 2015

Across three studies, we investigate men’s reactions to women in superior roles. Drawing from precarious manhood theory, we hypothesize that when a woman occupies a superior organizational role, men in subordinate positions experience threat, which leads them to behave more assertively toward her and advocate for themselves. In Studies 1 and 2, we demonstrate that men feel more threatened (relative to women) by women in superior roles (relative to men in superior roles) and, as a result, engage in more assertive behaviors toward these women. In Study 3, we investigate a boundary condition to this effect and demonstrate that a woman in a superior role who displays qualities associated with administrative agency (e.g., directness, proactivity) rather than ambitious agency (e.g., self-promotion, power-seeking) elicits less assertive behavior from men. We conclude by discussing implications as well as directions for future research.
Behind the newspaper paywall – lessons in charging for online content: a comparative analysis of why Australian newspapers are stuck in the purgatorial space between digital and print
Authors: Carson Andrea
Published: July 2015

This article examines one response to the financial ‘crisis’ of print newspapers addressing the rise of digital paywall systems to monetise journalism. It analyses selected daily mastheads’ paywalls in the United States, Britain and Australia, comparing the type, pricing and audience uptake. This article reviews scholarly and industry literature to identify international newspaper paywall trends and considers these in the Australian context. The article finds paywalls are becoming the norm, with metered paywalls favoured over hard paywalls; paywall prices are increasing, after initial reductions, to offset digital subscriptions cannibalising print subscription revenues. As audiences and advertising migrate from print to our screens, a broader view is required. The argument here is that, in the short term, revenues generated from Australian digital subscriptions and digital advertising alone cannot sustain newsrooms, but the cost of print together with falling hardcopy circulations suggest digital paywalls must not be overlooked. In the immediate, Australia’s major newspapers are stuck in a purgatorial space between paywalls and print.
The old media business in the new: ‘the Googlization of everything’ as the capitalization of digital consumption
Authors: Nixon Brice
Published: July 2015

Digital labor and its role in the profitability of digital media companies have received increasing attention from scholars. However, digital audience labor has not been analyzed or recognized as the most important to digital media companies’ profit-making ability. Digital audience labor is here conceptualized as the use of digital media to consume culture and make meaning. Most digital media companies must control the activities of their users as cultural consumers in order to generate revenue, just as most ‘old media’ companies have long done. Google is an exemplary case: ‘The Googlization of Everything’ is primarily a process of trying to gain control over numerous activities of digital cultural consumption. Those activities can be understood as digital audience labor, and Google uses its control to extract value, that is, to exploit digital audience labor. Google Search, Google Books, and YouTube are examples of this effort to exploit digital audience labor.
Sinonasal Carcinoma
Authors: Smith Steven P. , Russell Joseph L. , Chen Nai‐Wei , Kuo Yong‐Fang , Resto Vicente A.
Published: July 2015

Objective

To determine whether or not patient race and ethnicity affect sinonasal cancer survival.

Study Design

Retrospective database analysis.

Setting

National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database, 1988‐2010.

Subjects and Methods

Sinonasal carcinoma cases were extracted according to site codes and histology recode–broad groupings. The cohort was used to calculate disease‐specific survival in regard to race and ethnicity. Extracted data were further analyzed through direct comparisons and multivariable Cox regression models controlling for patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics.

Results

Unadjusted survival curves for all sinonasal carcinomas showed poorer disease‐specific survival for black versus white patients (P =. 02), which was eliminated after controlling for tumor characteristics (hazard ratio: 1.02, P =. 86). Specifically for sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma, significantly poorer disease‐specific survival was found for both black (P =. 01) and Hispanic (P =. 01) patients as compared with white patients. Similarly, when controlling for tumor characteristics, the disease‐specific survival disparity was eliminated for black (hazard ratio: 0.93, P =. 59) and Hispanic patients (hazard ratio: 1.01, P =. 94).

Conclusion

Black race is a risk factor for poorer disease‐specific survival when all sinonasal histologic subtypes are examined together. Specifically for sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma, both black race and Hispanic ethnicity are risk factors for poorer disease‐specific survival. When tumor characteristics are controlled for in this cohort, the survival disparity is eliminated, demonstrating that the disparity can be accounted for exclusively by more advanced disease at presentation, opposed to the more complex effect seen in other subsites of the head and neck.
Past trends and projections of hospital deaths to inform the integration of palliative care in one of the most ageing countries in the world
Authors: Sarmento Vera P , Higginson Irene J , Ferreira Pedro L , Gomes Barbara
Published: July 2015

Background:

Monitoring where people die is key to ensure that palliative care is provided in a responsive and integrated way.

Aim:

To examine trends of place of death and project hospital deaths until 2030 in an ageing country without integrated palliative care.

Design:

Population-based observational study of mortality with past trends analysis of place of death by gender, age and cause of death. Hospital deaths were projected until 2030, applying three scenarios modelled on 5-year trends (2006–2010).

Setting/participants:

All adult deaths (⩾18 years old) that occurred in Portuguese territory from 1988 to 2010.

Results:

There were 2,364,932 deceased adults in Portugal from 1988 to 2010. Annual numbers of deaths increased 11.1%, from 95,154 in 1988 to 105,691, mainly due to more than doubling deaths from people aged 85+ years. Hospital deaths increased by a mean of 0.8% per year, from 44.7% ( n = 42,571) in 1988 to 61.7% ( n = 65,221) in 2010. This rise was largest for those aged 85+ years (27.8% to 54.0%). Regardless of the scenario considered, and if current trends continue, hospital deaths will increase by more than a quarter until 2030 (minimum 27.7%, maximum 52.1% rise) to at least 83,293 annual hospital deaths, mainly due to the increase in hospital deaths in those aged 85+ years.

Conclusion:

In one of the most ageing countries in the world, there is a long standing trend towards hospitalised dying, more pronounced among the oldest old. To meet people’s preferences for dying at home, the development of integrated specialist home palliative care teams is needed.
F18-FDG-PET for recurrent differentiated thyroid cancer: a systematic meta-analysis
Authors: Haslerud Torjan , Brauckhoff Katrin , Reisæter Lars , Küfner Lein Regina , Heinecke Achim , Varhaug Jan Erik , Biermann Martin
Published: July 2015

Background

Positron emission tomography (PET) with fluor-18-deoxy-glucose (FDG) is widely used for diagnosing recurrent or metastatic disease in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC).

Purpose

To assess the diagnostic accuracy of FDG-PET for DTC in patients after ablative therapy.

Material and Methods

A systematic search was conducted in Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Open Grey looking for all English-language original articles on the performance of FDG-PET in series of at least 20 patients with DTC having undergone ablative therapy including total thyroidectomy. Diagnostic performance measures were pooled using Reitsma’s bivariate model.

Results

Thirty-four publications between 1996 and 2014 met the inclusion criteria. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were 79.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 73.9–84.1) and 79.4% (95% CI, 71.2–85.4), respectively, with an area under the curve of 0.858.

Conclusion

F18-FDG-PET is a useful method for detecting recurrent DTC in patients having undergone ablative therapy.
The Music Self-Perception Inventory: Development of a short form
Authors: Morin Alexandre J.S. , Scalas L. Francesca , Vispoel Walter , Marsh Herbert W. , Wen Zhonglin
Published: July 2015

Music self-concept integrates perceptions, beliefs, and self-schemas about a person’s musical abilities and potential. Like other self-concept dimensions, it is multifaceted, hierarchically organized and has implications for motivation toward musical practice. The Music Self-Perception Inventory (MUSPI) is a theoretically based instrument assessing six specific music self-concept dimensions, as well as global music self-concept. Nonetheless, its applicability is limited by its length (84 items). In this study, we developed and validated a 28-item short form of the MUSPI, and showed that the short form yielded equivalent psychometric properties as the original. We validated the original MUSPI on a first sample and used these results to develop a shorter version (MUSPI-S), which we then cross-validated using a new independent sample. We also tested whether the MUSPI-S psychometric properties generalized (were invariant) across gender and grade-differentiated subgroups. Finally, we examined the convergent validity of the MUSPI and MUSPI-S. Results highlighted the psychometric soundness of the MUSPI-S on all criteria, and showed that it presented patterns of associations with other constructs equivalent to those observed with the original MUSPI.
Minsky’s Analysis of Capitalist Development
Authors: Diop Samba
Published: July 2015

Beginning in the mid-’80s, well after he brought his famous financial instability hypothesis to maturity, Hyman P. Minsky analyzed the evolution of capitalism. This paper proposes a critical reading of this analysis, focusing on the institutional dimension of Minsky’s research. From my point of view, if Minsky’s analysis constitutes more a history of capitalism than a theory of capitalism, this is because of the weak conceptualization of institutions and the absence of a genuine analysis of institutional change. From this perspective, I believe it necessary to clarify and complete Minsky’s institutional analysis. Only by doing so can we take full measure of Minsky’s research on the evolution of capitalism and identify all the repercussions for an analysis of the instability and resilience of the current stage of capitalism.
Assessing Benefits of Neighborhood Walkability to Single-Family Property Values
Authors: Li Wei , Joh Kenneth , Lee Chanam , Kim Jun-Hyun , Park Han , Woo Ayoung
Published: July 2015

This article investigates the impact of neighborhood walkability, measured by Street Smart Walk Score and sidewalk density, on property values by analyzing the 2010–2012 single-family home sale transactions in Austin, Texas. The Cliff-Ord spatial hedonic model (also known as the General Spatial Model, or SAC) is used to control for spatial autocorrelation effects. Results show that improving walkability through increased access to amenities in car-dependent neighborhoods does not appear to increase property values; adding sidewalks in these neighborhoods leads to a minimal increase in property values. Investments in neighborhood amenities and sidewalks will yield a greater home price increase in a walkable neighborhood than in a car-dependent neighborhood.
Reading the Informal City
Authors: Mukhija Vinit , Loukaitou-Sideris Anastasia
Published: July 2015

Although informality is typically associated with developing countries, this article argues that informal activities are an integral part of U.S. cities and should be addressed in planning curricula. It focuses on planning education and suggests a possible course, which includes a seminar covering academic literature on informality in both developing and developed countries, and fieldwork-based, case study research by students. It also suggests that the course can be an important avenue for students to understand inequality and poverty and an excellent method for preparing them to think about institutions and regulations in complex and sophisticated ways.
From Spoke to Hub
Authors: Tyler Jo A.
Published: July 2015

This article reports on a case study at an inner-city nonprofit service agency that inquired into the ways integration of storytelling and visual art as a method of adult learning and way of knowing might influence the process of strategic visioning and planning in a nonprofit organization. The case study focuses on data collected through interviews and observation in the context of an action research project, with an aim of better understanding the influence of presentational ways of knowing and learning on transformative learning at the organizational level. Findings of this case study point toward the possibility of such transformation, in particular a shift in meaning perspective manifested at the level of organizational vision and strategy that can affect the organization’s work all the way down to the operational level. Project background, process, and findings are discussed, followed by implications for practice.
Circadian Clocks in the Hematologic System
Authors: Pritchett David , Reddy Akhilesh B.
Published: July 2015

The hematologic system performs a number of essential functions, including oxygen transport, the execution of the immune response against tumor cells and invading pathogens, and hemostasis (blood clotting). These roles are performed by erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and thrombocytes (platelets), respectively. Critically, circadian rhythms are evident in the function of all 3 cell types. In this review, we describe these oscillations, explore their mechanistic bases, and highlight their key implications. Since erythrocytes are anucleate, circadian rhythms in these cells testify to the existence of a nontranscriptional circadian clock. From a clinical perspective, leukocyte rhythms could underlie daily variation in the severity of allergic reactions, the symptoms of chronic inflammatory diseases, and the body’s response to infection, while the rhythmic properties of thrombocytes may explain daily fluctuations in the incidence of heart attack and stroke. Consequently, the efficacy of treatments for these conditions is likely to depend on the timing of their administration. Last, we outline preliminary evidence that circadian disruption in the hematologic system could contribute to the deleterious effects of poor diet, shift work, and alcohol abuse on human health.
Evaluation of a porosity measurement method for wet calcium phosphate cements
Authors: Ajaxon Ingrid , Maazouz Yassine , Ginebra Maria-Pau , Öhman Caroline , Persson Cecilia
Published: July 2015

The porosity of a calcium phosphate cement is a key parameter as it affects several important properties of the cement. However, a successful, non-destructive porosity measurement method that does not include drying has not yet been reported for calcium phosphate cements. The aim of this study was to evaluate isopropanol solvent exchange as such a method. Two different types of calcium phosphate cements were used, one basic (hydroxyapatite) and one acidic (brushite). The cements were allowed to set in an aqueous environment and then immersed in isopropanol and stored under three different conditions: at room temperature, at room temperature under vacuum (300 mbar) or at 37℃. The specimen mass was monitored regularly. Solvent exchange took much longer time to reach steady state in hydroxyapatite cements compared to brushite cements, 350 and 18 h, respectively. Furthermore, the immersion affected the quasi-static compressive strength of the hydroxyapatite cements. However, the strength and phase composition of the brushite cements were not affected by isopropanol immersion, suggesting that isopropanol solvent exchange can be used for brushite calcium phosphate cements. The main advantages with this method are that it is non-destructive, fast, easy and the porosity can be evaluated while the cements remain wet, allowing for further analysis on the same specimen.
Lethal Lullabies
Authors: Obladen Michael
Published: July 2015

Poppy extract accompanied the human infant for more than 3 millenia. Motives for its use included excessive crying, suspected pain, and diarrhea. In antiquity, infantile sleeplessness was regarded as a disease. When treatment with opium was recommended by Galen, Rhazes, and Avicenna, baby sedation made its way into early medical treatises and pediatric instructions. Dabbing maternal nipples with bitter substances and drugging the infant with opium were used to hasten weaning. A freerider of gum lancing, opiates joined the treatment of difficult teething in the 17th century. Foundling hospitals and wet-nurses used them extensively. With industrialization, private use was rampant among the working class. In German-speaking countries, poppy extracts were administered in soups and pacifiers. In English-speaking countries, proprietary drugs containing opium were marketed under names such as soothers, nostrums, anodynes, cordials, preservatives, and specifics and sold at the doorstep or in grocery stores. Opium’s toxicity for infants was common knowledge; thousands of cases of lethal intoxication had been reported from antiquity. What is remarkable is that the willingness to use it in infants persisted and that physicians continued to prescribe it for babies. Unregulated trade, and even that protected by governments, led to greatly increased private use of opiates during the 19th century. Intoxication became a significant factor in infant mortality. As late as 1912, the International Hague Convention forced governments to implement legislation that effectively curtailed access to opium and broke the dangerous habit of sedating infants.
Social choice and popular control
Authors: Ingham Sean
Published: July 2015

In democracies citizens are supposed to have some control over the general direction of policy. According to a pretheoretical interpretation of this idea, the people have control if elections and other democratic institutions compel officials to do what the people want, or what the majority want. This interpretation of popular control fits uncomfortably with insights from social choice theory; some commentators—Riker, most famously—have argued that these insights should make us abandon the idea of popular rule as traditionally understood. This article presents a formal theory of popular control that responds to the challenge from social choice theory. It makes precise a sense in which majorities may be said to have control even if the majority preference relation has an empty core. And it presents a simple game-theoretic model to illustrate how majorities can exercise control in this specified sense, even when incumbents are engaged in purely re-distributive policymaking and the majority rule core is empty.
Passive non-participation versus strategic defection in a collective risk social dilemma
Authors: Bynum Autumn , Kline Reuben , Smirnov Oleg
Published: July 2015

Empirical evidence suggests that non-participation underlies a variety of social dilemmas. In collective risk social dilemmas (CRSD), non-participation is viewed as strategic defection—a selfish behavior that increases individual utility at the cost of the group. We conducted a hybrid laboratory-then-online experiment to examine if non-participation in a CRSD may be fundamentally different from the act of strategic defection. We confirmed that non-participation is a problem in a social dilemma. When participation is required, a randomly formed group of subjects was virtually certain to reach the loss prevention threshold (0.999 probability). On the other hand, when an empirically realistic non-participation option was introduced, the probability of reaching the goal by a randomly formed group decreased to 0.599. We also found evidence that the profile of a typical non-participant does not fit the profile of a strategic defector. Non-participants in the experiment were highly cooperative when they had to make a contribution decision. Non-participants in the experiment did not try to increase their payoffs, including in the treatment condition when non-participation led to a default contribution of 100% of the subject’s endowment.
Understanding the persistence of policy failures: The role of politics, governance and uncertainty
Authors: Howlett Michael , Ramesh M , Wu Xun
Published: July 2015

The persistence of policy failures is a recognized but not well-understood phenomenon in the literature of the policy sciences. Existing studies offer only limited insights into the persistence of policy failures as much of the literature on the subject to date has focused on conceptualizing the topic and differentiating between different types of failures. Much less attention has been paid to systematically examining the sources of the problems which lead to recurrent failures. Collectively, the articles in this issue move this discussion forward and show the persistence of policy failures can be better understood by examining a wide range of factors both within and beyond a policy subsystem, especially the nature of the political system and its influence on decision making, governance capacity and the impact of its limitations on the chances for policy success, and levels of uncertainty in policy knowledge and practice, which continue to plague decision making and decision makers.
Burr formation and correlation with cutting force and acoustic emission signals
Authors: Niknam Seyed Ali , Songmene Victor
Published: July 2015

The principle objective of this work is to present a methodology to evaluate the correlation between burr size attributes (thickness and height) and information computed from acoustic emission and cutting forces signals. In the proposed methodology, cutting force and acoustic emission signals were recorded in each cutting test, and each recorded original acoustic emission signal was segmented into two sections that correspond to steady-state cutting process (cutting signal) and cutting tool exit from the work part (exit signal). The dominant acoustic emission signal parameters including AEmax and AErms were computed from each segmented acoustic emission signal. The maximum values of directional cutting forces (FX, FY and FZ) were also measured in each trial. The experimental verification was conducted on slot milling operation which has relatively more complicated burr formation mechanism than that in many other traditional machining operations. Among slot milling burrs, the top-up milling side burrs and exit burrs along up milling side were largest and thickest burrs which were studied in this work. To evaluate the correlation between signal information and burr size, the computed signal information (5 parameters) and their interaction effects (10 parameters) were used to construct the input parameters of the multiple regression fitted models. Statistical methods were then used to assess the adequacy of individual input parameters and signal information. Using the acoustic emission and cutting force signals information in the input layer of multiple regression models, a high correlation was observed between the predicted and observed values of burr size. It was exhibited that due to complex burr formation mechanism in milling operation and strong interaction effects between cutting process parameters, no systematic relationship can be formulated between the milling burrs.
Experimental study of binding copper powders by electrochemical deposition
Authors: Kumar Varun S , Sundaram Murali M
Published: July 2015

Binding of metal powders using electrochemically deposited binders provides a novel approach to achieve metal additive manufacturing at ambient temperature. In this study, using an in-house built experimental setup, a single layer of copper powders were electrochemically bound together with the help of nickel binder and the deposits were studied by scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Mechanical characterization performed on the deposits reveals that the yield strength of the deposit is comparable to that of laser-sintered parts made from Cu/Ni powder. Furthermore, Taguchi studies have been conducted to investigate the optimal process parameters required for minimum diameter of electrochemically bound spot, layer thickness and yield strength. Analysis of variance and signal-to-noise ratio were used to determine the important levels of process parameters and the results were then experimentally verified.
Application of neural networks to minimize front end bending of material in plate rolling process
Authors: Park JS , Na DH , Yang Z , Hur SM , Chung SH , Lee Y
Published: July 2015

This study proposes an approach that combines a trained neural network with a bisection algorithm to minimize the front end bending of material that occurs during plate rolling. With finite element analysis of plate rolling, front end bending data set was generated under conditions where the three rolling parameters (percentage reduction, entry material thicknesses, and percentage difference in peripheral speed between the top and bottom work rolls) varied at regular intervals. The finite element model was validated by comparing the computed roll forces, with the ones measured from a pilot plate rolling test. The pilot hot plate rolling test, wherein the rotational speeds/rates of two work rolls were independently controlled, was also performed, to validate the proposed approach. The proposed approach predicted the percentage difference in peripheral speed that minimized front end bending of the rolled material within 1 s. When the percentage difference in peripheral speed determined for the selected reduction and entry material thicknesses were input, the measured front end bending was only up to about 5 mm, which is negligible value because the ratio of the front end bending to roll diameter in the pilot plate rolling mill is only 0.0071 (5/700 mm), which is much lower than the ratio (0.02) in an actual plate rolling mill.
An experimental investigation of a laminar separation bubble on the leading-edge of a modelled aerofoil for different Reynolds numbers
Authors: Samson A , Sarkar S
Published: July 2015

This paper describes the dynamics of a laminar separation bubble formed on the semi-circular leading edge of constant thickness aerofoil model. Detailed experimental studies are carried out in a low-speed wind tunnel, where surface pressure and time-averaged velocity in the separated region and as well as in the downstream are presented along with flow field visualisations through PIV for various Reynolds numbers ranging from 25,000 to 75,000 (based on the leading edge diameter). The results illustrate that the separated shear layer is laminar up to 20% of separation length and then the perturbations are amplified in the second half attributing to breakdown and reattachment. The bubble length is highly susceptible to change in Reynolds number and plays an important role in outer layer activities. Further, the transition of a separated shear layer is studied through variation of intermittency factor and comparing with existing correlations available in the literature for attached flow and as well as separated flow. Transition of the separated shear layer occurs through formation of K-H rolls, where the intermittency following spot propagation theory appears valid. The predominant shedding frequency when normalised with respect to the momentum thickness at separation remains almost constant with change in Reynolds number. The relaxation is slow after reattachment and the flow takes about five bubble lengths to approach a canonical layer.