bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Карьерные ожидания пожилых в России: на основе анализа базы резюме с портала Роструда «Работа России»
Authors: Видясова Людмила Александровна , Григорьева Ирина Андреевна , Кривошапкина Айталина Сергеевна
Published: March 2024

В статье представлены результаты комплексного исследования карьерных ожиданий пожилых россиян. Целью исследования стало получение обоснованного представления о запросах пожилых людей, доля которых неуклонно растет во всем мире, к характеру занятости и режиму работы. В качестве источника материала для анализа использована открытая база, включающая около 15 тыс. резюме пожилых соискателей, размещенных на портале Роструда «Работа России». Для сравнительного анализа с европейскими странами были использованы данные о занятости людей старше 65 лет, пенсионном возрасте и месте страны в рейтинге Индекса развития человека (ИРЧ) ОЭСР. В исследовании выявлено, во-первых, преобладание желания пожилых устроиться на работу по найму с полной занятостью. Во-вторых, отмечается, что пожилые соискатели в целом соглашаются на уровень зарплат ниже среднего по стране, особенно это характерно для крупных городов. В-третьих, мужчины в большей степени желают оставаться на рынке труда по сравнению с женщинами. Результаты сравнительного анализа по материалам OECD свидетельствуют об отсутствии взаимосвязи между ИРЧ, пенсионным возрастом и уровнем занятости. В то же время рост благосостояния стран не приводит к тому, что пожилые люди перестают работать. Это говорит о важности более детального анализа факторов, определяющих развитие рынка труда пожилых людей. Статья может быть полезна исследователям старения и пенсионных систем, а также политикам и специалистам в социальной политике и политике занятости.
Благодарность. Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 22-18-00461 «Отложенное старение или поздняя взрослость в России: как цифровое развитие меняет статус пожилых в эпоху COVID-19 и неопределенности» (https://rscf.ru/project/22-18-00461/).
«Потому что я не могу сидеть на месте»: анализ агентности современной российской молодежи на примере крафтовых предпринимателей Санкт-Петербурга
Authors: Крупец Яна Николаевна , Балацюк Елизавета Сергеевна , Кравцова Алёна Николаевна
Published: March 2024

В статье анализируется агентность современной российской молодежи на примере крафтовых предпринимателей. Крафтовое движение — часть современной глобальной креативной экономики, оно включает в себя мастеров (преимущественно молодых), занятых в ручном производстве уникальных продуктов или услуг, ориентирующихся на собственные ценности — креативности, этичности и осознанности в сфере потребления, реализующих проект «предпринимательства как стиля жизни». Теоретической рамкой исследования выступают постструктуралистское переопределение концепта агентности как субъектности, дискурсивно производимой в условиях неолиберальной экономики, а также критическая оптика исследований антропоцентризма, оспаривающая доминирующее положение рационально действующего и автономного «взрослого» актора.
Результаты анализа качественных интервью с молодыми мастерами из Санкт-Петербурга, собранных осенью 2022 г., показали, что агентность данной группы производится на трех взаимосвязанных уровнях: личностном (через постоянное саморазвитие), уровне своего дела (через развитие своего бизнеса) и на уровне создания сообщества, объединенного общим культурным потреблением и производством, а также общими ценностями и близким стилем жизни. Было обнаружено, что вместо конвенциональных представлений о маркерах успеха, связанных с конкретными социальными и экономическими достижениями к определенному жизненному этапу, молодые крафтовые предприниматели задают свои критерии, правила и ценности в создаваемых комьюнити единомышленников и потребителей их товаров и услуг. Для их образа жизни ключевой целью становится нахождение баланса между производством активного развивающегося Я и комфортным образом жизни в соответствии с собственными ценностями. Такой баланс, подразумевающий обретение чувства контроля над своей жизнью и формирование агентности, они находят в своем деле и ремесле. Предпринимательство позволяет реализовывать идеи молодых людей, воплощать в жизнь их ценностные установки и переопределять понятие успеха и самореализации, в чем проявляются их активный жизненный выбор и свобода в действиях и принятии решений.
Благодарность. Статья подготовлена в ходе реализации стратегического проекта «Успех и самостоятельность человека в меняющемся мире» программы развития университета в рамках участия в программе Минобрнауки России «Приоритет 2030» национального проекта «Наука и университеты». Выражаем благодарность за поддержку НИУ ВШЭ, коллегам из Центра молодежных исследований, а также Альбине Гарифзяновой и Анастасии Кладовой за помощь в сборе данных.
Левиафан 2.0: как Томас Гоббс предугадал революцию искусственного интеллекта и больших данных? Рец. на кн.: Runciman D. The Handover: How We Gave Control of Our Lives to Corporations, States and AIs. London: Profile Books, 2023
Authors: Ушкин Сергей Геннадьевич
Published: March 2024

Рецензия написана на книгу британского интеллектуала Дэвида Рансимена, посвященную размышлениям о будущем людей в эпоху искусственного интеллекта и больших данных. В своих рассуждениях он опирается на теоретические конструкции Томаса Гоббса о государстве как Левиафане и переносит их на тренды развития современного общества. Главный аргумент Рансимена заключается в том, что сегодня мы не наблюдаем ничего фундаментально нового, поскольку процесс отчуждения власти от человека и ее передачи внешним субъектам продолжается на протяжении нескольких сотен лет. Понятийный аппарат остался прежним, трансформация коснулась только субъектов — если раньше это были государства и корпорации, то теперь им на смену приходит искусственный интеллект.
Благодарность. Работа подготовлена в рамках реализации гранта Российского научного фонда № 23-28-01288, https://rscf.ru/project/23-28-01288/.
Redescubrimiento y confirmación de la presencia de Pycnophyllum macropetalum (Caryophyllaceae) para la Flora Argentina
Authors: Zanotti Christian Alejandro , Cellini Juan M. , Timaná Martín , Azaro Juan M. , Acosta Juan M.
Published: March 2024

Pycnophyllum macropetalum Matff. es una especie originalmente descrita para los Andes de Chile, que además se la ha coleccionado en Bolivia y ha sido citada para la Argentina sobre la base de un único ejemplar estéril coleccionado en 1945. Debido a esto, y al ser morfológicamente afín a P. molle, la especie fue excluida de la flora argentina; sin embargo, recientemente se ha localizado una población de P. macropetalum en la provincia de Jujuy (Argentina). Por este motivo, el objetivo de este trabajo es describir e ilustrar a dicha especie, proporcionar notas ambientales acerca del hábitat en donde se la encontró y proveer un mapa de distribución geográfica de la especie para la Argentina, Bolivia y Chile. Además, sobre la base de análisis moleculares del ejemplar coleccionado se corrobora la identificación morfológica y se confirma la monofilia del género. Por último, se proporciona una clave dicotómica para diferenciar las cuatro especies de Pycnophyllum registradas hasta el momento para la Argentina.
Students got mail: Do students read semi-tailored emails and what is the impact?
Authors: Reynolds Madison , Tyler Jonathan , Wakefield James , Wight Raechel
Published: March 2024

This paper examines the effectiveness of providing personalised email feedback via an automated email application in a large undergraduate introductory accounting course. Over 1,200 students received feedback via emails sent weekly, semi-tailored to each student based on their results in online self-test learning quizzes. We first found that students read the majority of emails distributed. Second, through tracking, using regression analysis, we found that reading emails is related to significantly higher final examination performance in some cases. However, this is moderated by factors relating to diversity in a large cohort exceeding 1,000 students. The results indicate that feedback needs to be readily actionable and aligned with assessed learning outcomes to realise significant impacts on exam performance. This study is relevant to educators who teach large and diverse cohorts and need time-efficient solutions to tailor the learning experience to each student.
 
Implications for practice or policy:

Undergraduate students read the majority of weekly emails distributed, indicating emails can be used as an instructor communication device.
Emails should specifically encourage activity completion aligning with learning objectives to improve grades.
Students who achieve lower grades in tertiary studies, from English-speaking backgrounds and medium to high socio-economic status, high performers at high school and younger students aged 20 or less are positively impacted. Therefore, emails should be used by instructors teaching cohorts with these characteristics.
An investigation of Persian response signals from an interactive perspective
Authors: Ghaderi Soleiman
Published: March 2024

Response signals (RS) have emerged as a powerful interaction tool, but they have yet to be fully understood. The current study analyzes 16 h of daily conversations using discourse-pragmatic frameworks to discuss certain aspects of the most prevalent primary and secondary Persian RSs. An RS is identified as a brief interactive response to a prior speaker’s statement, typically expressing (dis)confirmation, (un)acceptance, or backchannel (including assessment and continuer feedback). The research also differentiates and compares the functional and distributional differences and similarities between confirmation and backchannel signals. Following that, it takes a semasiological approach and discusses how the emergence, overlap, and markedness of certain functions for an item can be determined by the persistence of its original propositional meaning as well as the item’s grammaticalization and cooptation. The paper thus reviews the markedness of the backchannel function for na ‘no’ compared to this function’s development for ɂāre ‘yes’. Last but not least, cross-linguistic phonological tendencies, such as the integration of the phoneme /ɂ/ or /h/ in positive RSs and click sounds in negative ones, are supported by Persian RSs and their variants.
High thermal stability effect of vanadium on the binary CuAl base alloy for a novel CuAlV high-temperature shape memory alloy
Authors: Karaduman Oktay , Özkul İskender , Güler Seval Hale , Aksu Canbay Canan
Published: March 2024

In this study, two high-temperature shape memory alloys (HTSMAs) of CuAlV with unprecedented chemical compositions were fabricated using the arc melting technique, followed by traditional ice-brine water quenching after the melting process. To characterize the shape memory properties and structure of the alloys, a series of tests including differential calorimetry (DSC and DTA), EDS, optical microscopy, and XRD were conducted. The DSC tests, performed at different heating and cooling rates, demonstrated highly stable reversible martensitic phase transformation peaks at high temperatures, which were also confirmed by the results of DTA tests. Microstructural XRD and optical microscopy tests were conducted at room temperature, revealing the martensitic structure of the alloys in both cases. Based on all the results, the effects of different minor amounts of vanadium additives directly on the CuAlV alloy were discussed.
Spintronic terahertz metasurface emission characterized by scanning near-field nanoscopy
Authors: Dai Mingcong , Cai Jiahua , Ren Zejun , Zhang Mingxuan , Wang Jiaqi , Xiong Hongting , Ma Yihang , Wang Youwei , Zhou Sitong , Li Kuiju , Lv Zhentao , Wu Xiaojun
Published: March 2024

Understanding the ultrafast excitation, detection, transportation, and manipulation of nanoscale spin dynamics in the terahertz (THz) frequency range is critical to developing spintronic THz optoelectronic nanodevices. However, the diffraction limitation of the sub-millimeter waves – THz wavelengths – has impaired experimental investigation of spintronic THz nano-emission. Here, we present an approach to studying laser THz emission nanoscopy from W|CoFeB|Pt metasurfaces with ∼60-nm lateral spatial resolution. When comparing with statistic near-field THz time-domain spectroscopy with and without the heterostructures on fused silica substrates, we find that polarization- and phase-sensitive THz emission nanoscopy is more sensitive than the statistic THz scattering intensity nanoscopy. Our approach opens explorations of nanoscale ultrafast THz spintronic dynamics in optically excited metasurfaces.
Das unwahrscheinliche Überleben des Bankhauses Gebr. Bethmann, 1919 bis 1948
Authors: Schneider-Braunberger Andrea H.
Published: March 2024

The long-term orientation of family businesses is particularly evident in crises. The example of the Gebrüder Bethmann bank in Frankfurt am Main, whose state of crisis began during the First World War and continued almost uninterrupted until the 50s, shows how far business families are prepared to go. The essay traces the developments and shows the measures taken by the bank and the banking family to counter the crises and their consequences. It shows that Baron Moritz von Bethmann made himself an instrument of the National Socialists and implemented their policies in associations, societies and companies – particularly with regard to the ousting of Jews from German economic and social life. However, his political role did not help him to run his business more successfully or to preserve his family property. In order to at least preserve Bankhaus Gebr. Bethmann – already almost 200 years old at the time – for the family, he sacrificed almost all of the real estate and land owned by the von Bethmann family. Despite this high price, the bank remained in the family for only one more generation.
Auswirkung von Strukturadaptionen auf die Veränderungsfähigkeit von Fabriken
Authors: Frankenbach Felix , August Kirchhoff Hanns
Published: March 2024

Manufacturing companies operate in an environment characterized by turbulences and volatility, resulting in the need for permanent adaptation of existing factory structures. An important characteristic in this context is the factory‘s ability to change (changeability), which is defined as the ability to adapt structures rapidly and with acceptable effort. The changeability is a dynamic variable that can change as a result of structural adaptations and thus affect the degree of planning freedom in future periods. This article presents a planning approach that can be used to identify and evaluate the effects of structural adaptations on a factory‘s changeability.
Der qualitätsbewusste Digitale Zwilling
Authors: Splettstößer Ann-Kathrin
Published: March 2024

Connecting a digital twin to its associated cyber-physical system improves system knowledge and supports effective operation. The presented reference architecture includes a service component that manages different services to optimize process quality. Two exemplary services illustrate the potential of this reference architecture. A model-driven approach with design and runtime models is used to increase the level of abstraction.
Eignungsanalyse zur Einführung hybrider Organisationsformen in der Montage
Authors: Schumann Dorit , Kraan Fridolin van de , Nyhuis Peter
Published: March 2024

In recent decades, the increasing product variant diversity has led to further flexibilization of assembly organization. The challenge is to maintain productivity with low volumes per product variant in a flow assembly line designed for high volumes. The combination of different assembly organization forms creating a hybrid, flow-oriented form represents a solution that can provide the high performance of an assembly line combined with the necessary flexibility to cover the diversity of product variants. This paper proposes a novel method for companies to investigate the suitability of their assembly to realize a hybrid assembly organization and provides the steps required for its implementation.
Mikrofräsen von PMMA mit vollkeramischen Werkzeugen
Authors: Mayer Tobias , Kieren-Ehses Sonja , Meinlschmidt Julius , Kirsch Benjamin , C. Aurich Jan
Published: March 2024

Das Mikrofräsen mit Hartmetallwerkzeugen ist ein weit verbreitetes Verfahren zur Herstellung von Mikrostrukturen, während technische Keramiken als Werkzeugsubstrat bisher nicht zum Einsatz kommen. In vorangegangenen Untersuchungen hat sich beim Mikrofräsen von PMMA (Polymethylmethacrylat) ein deutlicher Verschleißvorteil gegenüber Hartmetallwerkzeugen gezeigt. In dieser Studie war es das Ziel, den Einfluss der Mikrofräsparameter (Zahnvorschub, Spindeldrehzahl) auf die Prozessergebnisse beim Mikrofräsen von PMMA zu ermitteln. Dabei wurde mit einem höheren Zahnvorschub der Werkzeugverschleiß um 50 Prozent reduziert, und es wurde gezeigt, dass die Oberflächenrauheit ausschließlich von der Prozesskinematik abhängt.
Vorgehensmodell zum Roll-out des digitalen Shopfloor Managements
Authors: Lammers Miriam , Pohlmann Maj-Britt , Feldmann Carsten , Ziegenbein Ralf
Published: March 2024

Im Zuge von Digitalisierung und steigendem Wettbewerbsdruck implementieren immer mehr Unternehmen ein digitales Shopfloor Management (dSFM), um Probleme besser analysieren und effizienter lösen zu können. Für einen erfolgreichen Roll-out eines dSFM fehlen praxisnahe und konkrete Vorgehensmodelle. Dieser Beitrag stellt ein bewährtes Vorgehensmodell vor, das Unternehmen mit Handlungsempfehlungen und Erfolgsfaktoren durch ein Implementierungsprojekt führt. Praxisbeispiele eines Logistikdienstleisters konkretisieren das Vorgehen.
DE UM BERGSONISMO SEM DURAÇÃO, SEM MEMÓRIA, SEM ÉLAN
Authors: Henrique de Souza Ferraz Adriano
Published: March 2024

Na defesa que Maurice Blanchot faz da consistência ontológica da experiência poéticoliterária, surge uma relação filosófica ambígua com bergsonismo. Compreender como o pensamento deHenri Bergson incide em sua teoria é imprescindível para podermos estabelecer a importância deMallarmé na constituição de uma teoria do espeço literário e encontrarmos o devido lugar do devir e daduração nesta teoria da literatura. Em Blanchot podemos verificar algumas linhas de ruptura econtinuidade com o bergsonismo, procedendo sobretudo uma reversão do fluxo temporal no espaçodiferencial da escrita e da própria experiência subjetiva. Não deixamos de notar que Blanchot, ao seguiruma tendência interna de divergência do bergsonismo com ele próprio, recupera um outro lado daexperiência das “ilusões idealistas das representações simbólicas”. Tais ilusões, combatidas porBergson em sua crítica ao conceito e apelo empírico à intuição, formam para Blanchot um substratopositivo-ontológico da linguagem e sobretudo da literatura
IN WHAT SENSE WRONG CONCEPTIONS OF EUDAIMONIA GET AT LEAST SOME THINGS RIGHT
Authors: Martins Mendonça Fernando
Published: March 2024

In a puzzling sentence, Aristotle claims in Nicomachean Ethics I.8 that proponents ofunsuccessful accounts of eudaimonia have grasped if not many, at least some aspects of it correctly.This paper tries to explain in detail what this sentence means in the context by identifying what exactlywas said correctly by the proponents of unsuccessful accounts. As a result, I submit, Aristotle has arhetorical procedure, since Aristotle would be making some effort directed to convince people recalcitrantto his account of eudaimonia.
Tunable properties of graphene loaded waveguide surrounded by magnetic materials
Authors:   Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 16278, Saudi Arabia, Razzaz F. , Nawaz A. ,   Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan, Ghaffar A. ,   Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Published: March 2024

Theoretically analysis has been accomplished for the propagating electromagnetic surface waves (EMSWs) at planar ferrite-graphene-ferrite waveguide structure. The characteristics curves are analyzed for the normalized phase and attenuation phase constant against the operating frequency. The impact of different parameters of ferrite and graphene are observed on the normalize phase and attenuation phase constant. In response to these parameters the structured waveguide exhibits the convenient propagation of electromagnetic surface waves with minimal propagation loss in the terahertz frequency region. The proposed waveguide avails position in nanophotonic devices, terahertz filters, highly integrated terahertz devices and communication systems.
PENGEMBANGAN MULTIMEDIA INTERAKTIF PEMBELAJARAN E-LEARNING BERBASIS LECTORA INSPIRE PADA MATERI PEMBUATAN SAKU
Authors: HAFSARI KANTHI , PRASETYANINGTYAS WULANSARI
Published: March 2024

Media pembelajaran memiliki peran penting sebagai penunjang proses pembelajaran yang mempermudah dalam menguasai materi pembelajaran. Media berbasis teknologi digital menjadi tuntutan utama yang dapat memberikan inovasi serta kreatifitas baru dalam kegiatan pembelajaran agar lebih optimal. Salah satu upaya dalam pengoptimalan pembelajaran yaitu melalui pengembangan multimedia interaktif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis mengetahui kelayakan dari produk media pembelajaran yang dikembangkan yaitu lectora inspire pada materi pembuatan saku. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode Research and Development (R&D). Model pengembangan yang digunakan menggunakan pengembangan Borg and Gall oleh Sugiyono, dengan tahap pengembangan meliputi: (1) potensi dan masalah; (2) pengumpulan data; (3) desain produk; (4) validasi desain; (5) revisi desain; (6) uji coba (skala kecil), setelah menghasilkan produk berupa multimedia interaktif lectora inspire pada materi pembuatan saku, kemudian produk diuji kelayakannya dengan melakukan validasi pada ahli media dan ahli materi. Disimpulkan hasil validasi ahli media memperoleh persentase 92,59% yang menyatakan media “sangat layak”, ahli materi  memperoleh persentase 78,12% yang menyatakan materi “layak” dan uji coba skala kecil dilakukan kepada 20 mahasiswa yang telah menempuh Mata Kuliah Teknologi Busana untuk mengetahui respon penggunaan media, diperoleh persentase 90,15% dengan kategori “sangat layak”. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa media sangat layak untuk digunakan dalam pembelajaran materi pembuatan saku

Kata kunci: Pengembangan, multimedia interaktif, lectora inspire, pembuatan saku
Effect of Reﬁned Softwood: Eucalypt Pulp Mixtures on Paper Properties
Authors:   PAPEO New Zealand, NZ Forest Research Institute, Rotorua, New Zealand, Kibblewhite R. Paul
Published: March 2024

Fibre property, refining requirement, and handsheet strength and optical property interrelations are examined for a eucalypt and several softwood market kraft pulps and blends. Market krafts included in the study are radiata pine pulps of low and medium coarseness, a benchmark pulp from the interior region of British Columbia, and a eucalypt pulp from Brazil. Eucalypt: softwood blends are in proportions of 100:0, 50:50, 80:20, and 0:100, and effects of separate and co-refining are assessed using -a laboratory scale Escher Wyssre finer which is considered to be indicative of commercial scale refining operations. For the softwood pulps, refining at the low 1 Ws/m specific edge load has minimal effects on fibre shortening, fibre collapse, and wall expansion and delamination. Under these conditions fibres are neither rapidly rewetted nor made flexible. The converse occurs with refining at 3 and 5 Ws/m. Tensile strengths are relatively high and softwood fibre walls are slow to respond with refining at low specific edge load. Such effects are consistent with the retention of fibre stiffness and length, and the development of high bonding potential. The high bonding potential is presumably developed through selective fibre surface disruption, wetting, and molecular and micro level fibrillation. Light-scattering coefficient/tensile index relations are independent of specific edge load and indicate mutual compensatory responses for these handsheet properties. For eucalypt: softwood blend proportions of about 80:20, tear/tensile relationships (reinforcement properties) and light-scattering coefficients (optical properties) are roughly the same and independent of the origin or type of softwood used in the investigation. Such results are to be expected since there are only 2-3% by number of softwood fibres included in the 80:20 eucalypt: softwood furnish blends. For 50:50 eucalypt: softwood blends the effects of using softwoods of different fibre quality are also relatively small. With co-refining reinforcement properties are decreased, and optical properties can be increased depending on specific edge load. It is envisaged with co-refining that the small number of softwood fibres present in the 80:20 eucalypt: softwood softwood blends (<3%) receive disproportionate levels of the refining, and tear strengths decrease forgiven tensile strengths and energy inputs. Also, such an explanation is consistent with the possibility that light scattering coefficients can increase with co-refining. Thus, softwood fibres can be expected to be more refined and hardwood fibres less refined for given energy inputs with co-refining than with separate refining before pulp blending.
Relationships between Properties of Pulp-ﬁbre and Paper
Authors:   Abitibi-Price Inc., Lee J. ,   University of Toronto, Faculty of Forestry, Roy D. N. ,   University of Toronto, Faculty of Forestry, Hong M. ,   University of Toronto, Department of Engineering, Whiting P. ,   Abitibi-Price Inc.; University of Toronto, Faculty of Forestry
Published: March 2024

In order to produce papers with differing qualities, papermakers use pulps with varying fibre and fines characteristics. Since the early 1900’s, numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the relationships between pulp-fibre and paper properties. However, a common weakness was that previous investigations focused on relationships within restricted ranges of properties of pulp-fibre and paper. Forth is reason,the main goal of this investigation was to examine and to characterize a broad scope of fibre-paper relationships. In order to achieve this goal, a statistical approach was taken. This technique explained much of the total variation in paper properties by investigating a large number of pulp-fibre types, including fines,with a broad range of characteristics. It was discovered that robust and orthogonal non-linear multiple regression models could be developed to predict various paper properties. The multiple curvi-linear regression models reported here (based on the PhD thesis of the first author of this paper) could explain, on the average, 85 ± 10% of the -variance (R2)in the paper properties. Although the models generated are empirical, and thus lack fundamental interpretative meaning, they do clearly rank those fibre properties most important fora given paper property and allow prediction of the “form” of the relationship. These relationships confirm the expectation that there are no universally optimum fibre paper properties. Instead, compromises must be made to achieve an acceptable balance of properties. Such interactions are described in more detail in the paper.
The Specular Reﬂection of Polarised Light from Coated Paper
Authors:   Research Department, ECC International Ltd., Gate L. F. , Parsons D. J. ,   Research Department, ECC International Ltd.
Published: March 2024

An experimental examination of the reflection of polarised light from surfaces which have a significant specular component is presented. The reflected light intensity is measured using a detector with a narrow acceptance angle (0.50) and it is found, for a number of different surfaces based on coated paper, that as the detector scans through the angular distribution, the ratio of polarised light intensities (R~RS) changes in a systematic way which can be accurately predicted if the surface is modelled as an array of mirror-like facets each with the same refractive index, distributed in and around the mean plane of the coating. The change in the ratio Rp/Rs detector position is independent of the angular distribution of the facets and depends only on the refractive index of the surface.
Mechano-Sorptive Creep of Paper – Inﬂuence of Drying Restraint and Fibre Orientation
Authors:   ASSI Kraftliner, S-941 86 Pitea, Sweden, Söremark Christer , Fellers Christer ,   STFI, Box 5604, S-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden, Henriksson Lars ,   ASSI Kraftliner, S-941 86 Pitea, Sweden
Published: March 2024

A four-point bending stiffness tester was used to study the creep behaviour of corrugated board panels under constant and cyclic relative humidity. By substituting one linerboard in a single-wall corrugated board with steel ribbons, creep tests on linerboard under compression and under tension were also carried out. The results were evaluated using isochronous stress-strain curves relating to both constant and cyclic relative humidities. The isochronous curves showed a straight line relationship at low stress levels, for both constant and cyclic relative humidities. This means that the linerboard could be described as a linear viscoelastic material in both tension and compression at constant relative humidity. The initial slope of the isochronous curves, the creep stiffness index, was lower under the cyclic relative humidity than at the constant relative humidity equal to the highest used in the cyclic creep experiments, a phenomenon called “mechano-sorptive creep”. It is worth noting that, as opposed to many other investigations, mechano-sorptive creep was demonstrated for paper subjected to comparatively low strain levels. No difference was observed between creep stiffness indices in tension and compression under a constant climate, but under a cyclic relative humidity the compression creep stiffness index was found to be lower i.e. the creep rate was higher in compression. A freely dried paper was found to have a lower compression creep stiffness index both at constant and under cyclic relative humidity than a paper dried under restraint. In machine-made sheets, the compression creep stiffness index was higher in the MD than in the CD both at constant and under cyclic relative humidities. For panels of corrugated board, isochronous bending moment-curvature curves were used to describe creep behaviour under pure bending. The results are discussed in relation to a model previously proposed (1)to describe the cyclic creep behaviour of paper.
A Short Introduction of Blade Cooling Mechanisms in Old Gas Turbines with the Aim of Proper Distribution of Temperature Profile
Authors: Kashyzadeh Kazem Reza , Souri Kambiz
Published: March 2024

Presently, old gas turbines are used in the industry of some developing countries without high tech, which face many problems in the field of thermal efficiency and output power. Typically, turbines operate in the temperature range of 1200 to 1500 degrees Celsius. Many studies have been done to increase the efficiency of such systems. The results show that this increase in temperature at the inlet of the gas turbine has negative consequences, such as increasing the thermal load of the turbine blades and thus reducing the lifetime of the blades. On the other hand, a damaged blade can cause serious damage to other blades as well as the main shaft and other parts in various ways and sometimes lead to complete failure of the turbine. Therefore, it is reasonable to consider cost reduction considerations, including maintenance. Hence, due to the limitation of thermal stresses for the continuous operation of gas turbine blades, the distribution of heat transferred to them must be controlled. In this regard, the presence of blade cooling mechanisms is necessary for its safe operation, because the operating temperature of the gas turbine is much higher than the allowable temperature of the blades. In addition to cooling the blades, cooling the shell and inlet nozzle of gas turbines is also extremely important. But since the blades are exposed to high-level stress and tension for a long time, their cooling is more important and sensitive. For this reason, in the present article, the authors tried to provide a short introduction to the efficient mechanisms in cooling the blades related to the old systems, whose effect is noticeable on increasing the lifetime of the blades.
Medicine Bottles (1919–1939) found at 15A Užupio Street, Vilnius: Results of the Research and Interpretation of their Contents
Authors: Muralis Vismantas , Šimkutė Viktorija , Vičkačkaitė Vida , Žvirblys Atas
Published: March 2024

Archaeological investigation was carried out in the first half of 2022 on the site Užupio g. 15A, which falls within the territory of the Vilnius St. Bartholomew’s Church building complex. During the research it was expected to find cultural layer horizons associated with the church and the cemetery next to it. Although archaeological finds and disturbed graves were discovered during the excavation, the most intriguing finds were collected in recessed structures dating from the first half of the XX century. As many as 69 bottles and vials were collected, most of which were used to store medicines. Four individual fragments with inscriptions were also found. Among the finds above, three bottles were found with preserved contents inside. This article, which is an interdisciplinary collaboration between archaeologists, historians, and chemists, analyses the archaeological and historical context of the mentioned finds, the places of manufacture of the discovered medicine bottles, the results of analyses of the contents found in the bottles, and interpretations of the possible uses of the recovered medicinal substances.
Didžiausių finansinių audito skandalų analizė ir įtaka reglamentavimo pokyčiams
Authors: Simonaitytė Živilė
Published: March 2024

The first company collapse followed by an auditor misconduct scandal occurred in 1925. Since then, until the global economic crisis (2009), similar cases have led to changes in audit regulation and clearer or stricter responsibilities for auditors. Recently, however, the regulatory framework has not changed in the face of new audit scandals. The aim of this paper is to analyse audit scandals and their impact on audit regulation. In order to identify the changes in audit regulation as a result of financial audit scandals and the recent trends in audit regulation, the article analyses the oldest and most significant audit scandals that have led to regulatory changes, the impact of financial audit scandals in companies operating in different countries around the world, and reviews the major financial audit scandals in Lithuania. The analysis of literature, financial, court decisions and regulatory legislation identifies the oldest financial audit scandals in history, identifies the scandals that have led to regulatory changes, and examines the largest regional and national scandals and their impact on regulatory changes.
Vyresnio amžiaus asmenų „išlikimas“ darbo rinkoje: Lietuvos situacija ES kontekste
Authors: Navickė Jekaterina , Straševičiūtė Žeimantė
Published: March 2024

The rapidly ageing populations are a source of concern, but they also provide new opportunities. The purpose of this article is to analyse the factors which affect the participation of older persons in the Lithuanian labour market. The research method is based on data from SHARE (7-8 waves). The research shows that the factors of participation of older persons in the Lithuanian labour market can be mainly linked to the group of involuntary "stuck" factors. Older persons in Lithuania mostly want to leave the labour market as soon as possible. Retaining older persons in the labour market often depends on financial motives. The main challenges for employment in old age are related to the reduction of involuntary motives and to the promotion of positive voluntary motives to stay in the labour market.
Links Between Body Satisfaction and Relationship Satisfaction in a Sample of Young Adult Women in Lithuania
Authors: Legkauskas Visvaldas , Ališauskaitė Elzė
Published: March 2024

The aim of the present study was to examine links between young adult women satisfaction with their bodies and romantic relationships. The study involved 162 young adult women aged 20–35. One hundred and nineteen women indicated that they currently had a partner and the remaining 43 participants indicated that they were single.
Body satisfaction was measured using the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ, Cash, 2000). Relationship satisfaction was assessed using the Couple’s Satisfaction Scale (Čepukienė, 2019).
Results of the study indicated that adult women who had a romantic partner valued their appearance as more physically attractive and were more satisfied with their appearance than young adult women without a romantic partner. Those with a partner were more satisfied with individual body parts than women without a romantic partner. On the other hand, those in a relationship were more concerned about their body weight than single women. Satisfaction with a body and satisfaction with a romantic relationship were partly related. A more favorable assessment of one’s appearance and satisfaction in individual parts of one’s body was associated with satisfaction with emotion- and behavior-oriented interactions, as well as overall satisfaction with romantic relationships.
Copy raising reconsidered
Authors: Melnik Nurit
Published: March 2024

There is no consensus in the literature regarding the defining characteristics of copy raising (CR), or in other words what determineswhether a CR-like expression is CR or not. As a result, existing analyses target different data sets. In this paper, I propose a different approach to these constructions, which takes a functional perspective. I propose to abandon the term copy raising, which is misleading in a number of ways. Instead, I distinguish between perceptual depiction reports and perceptual inference reports and show that the functions which they fulfill are not particular to CR-like constructions, but are in fact more general. Such an approach, I claim, resolves existing conundrums surrounding CR.
The analysis is formalized in the framework of Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG) and is inspired by previous accounts of CR in related frameworks such as LFG and SBCG, as well as HPSG analyses. In the spirit of HPSG, the analysis employs type inheritance hierarchies to distinguish between what is shared by the two constructions and what is construction-specific in order to account for alternative realizations of a single lexeme and to ascribe constructional (or extra-lexical) meaning to linguistic elements.
Yoga meditation: A path to holistic health and healing
Authors: Vasudeva Wazir , Vasudeva Vidushi
Published: March 2024

The word meditation is derived from a Latin word ‘madri’ which means “to heal”. Meditation can certainly be considered as a great healing process - spiritual, mental, and emotional - with proven benefits to physical well-being. In the current communication, an attempt has been made to explain some of these benefits and provide science based evidence to explain them. Meditation develops our ability to maintain inner peace at all times in our actions and thereby achieve the best physical and mental health. With psychosomatic ailments, meditation provides the vital element that modern therapies lack. During Yogic breathing, some of the oxygen generates •OH free radicals according to the Haber Weiss process, which immediately react with glucose molecules to oxidize them. Some of these oxidation products are very useful, such as gluconic acid, which removes some undesirable metals from the body. Additionally, glucuronic acid is another product, and it is part of the natural detoxification process found in the body. It removes harmful toxins and is used in the treatment of prostate cancer. Another product, D-glucarate, has been shown to decrease lung, skin, liver, breast, and colon cancers by 60%. The product Calcium-D-glucarate lowers cholesterol by 12%, LDL by 28%, and triglycerides by 43%. Lastly, D-glucono 1,4 lactone, with further reactions with •OH, is converted to D-glucaro 1,4 lactone and is a powerful liver detoxifier. Meditation boosts intelligence, IQ score, and increases the gray matter of the brain. The relaxation response decreases breathing rate and oxygen consumption by 20%. It lowers heart rate and brings blood pressure to normal levels. During meditation alpha waves of the brain are generated. This brings relaxation and serenity of mind, helping people to better cope with stress. According to the British Heart Foundation, 15 minutes of meditation a day can reduce the risk of death, heart attack and stroke by 48%. According to Dr. Dean Ornish, meditation can help in reversing heart disease. Meditation has the power to change our negativity of mind and reshape our thoughts into a more positive direction to improve our mental well-being.
Effectiveness of intranasal saline cleansing methods for removal of particulate matter
Authors: Slapak Ivo , Novak Petr , Hagen Martina , Mahajan Amey , Parra Maria Fernanda
Published: March 2024

Purpose: High concentrations of inhalable particulate matter (PM, aerodynamic diameter 2.5–10 µm) are associated with increased risks of respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. PM can disrupt the nasal epithelial barrier, leading to vulnerability to respiratory disease. Nasal saline washing can help support nasal functioning by removing trapped PM. We aimed to determine which nasal saline administration technique provided the best intranasal saline deposition and to assess the effectiveness of intranasal saline cleansing solutions for removing PM-simulating dust. Methods: We conducted 3 in vitro studies using a nasal cast coated with an artificial mucus. Study 1 evaluated the deposition patterns of 3 nasal sprays administered with different techniques. A lateral image was taken after each administration to quantify the exposure area. Studies 2 and 3, in which PM-simulating dust was added to the nasal cast, evaluated the effectiveness of 4 intranasal saline sprays administered with the line-of-sight (LoS) method (head tilted sideways 45°, spray angle 0° from vertical) for washing away PM-simulating dust. The percentage of PM removed was quantified from pre- and post-washing images and from a high-accuracy liquid particle counter analysis of cast run-out. Results: Study 1 demonstrated that the LoS method provided the best intranasal saline deposition. Studies 2 and 3 showed that intranasal saline administration with this method effectively recovered and removed the PM-simulating dust from the mucus-coated cast. Conclusion: These results support the benefit of nasal saline washing with LoS administration, suggesting that this method should be recommended for nasal spray use to effectively remove PM. Future investigations are warranted to explore the benefits of nasal washing in a variety of clinical settings. Nasal saline cleansing can help preserve and maintain normal nasal functioning, possibly with long-term effects of helping to reduce the impact of air pollution on health.
Determinant of infant mortality in Ethiopia: demographic, socio economic, maternal and environmental factors
Authors: Mulugeta Solomon Sisay , Wassihun Selamawit Getachew
Published: March 2024

Background: Infant mortality reflects the effect of social, economic and environmental factors on infants and mothers, as well as the effectiveness of national health systems. Infant mortality remains a big challenge for the Ethiopian mothers and government due to the high infant mortality rates. This study aimed to examine and identify the significant determinants of infant mortality in Ethiopia. Methods: The multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was conducted. The data from the Ethiopia Demographic and health Survey of 2011 and 2016 was used. Result: The infant mortality reduced during the periods of between2011 and 2016. marital status (OR=0.51;95%CI: 0.27-0.951) of not married, mother’s age at first child birth((OR=0.69; 95%CI:0.48-0.994 of 15-19) and (OR=0.452;95%CI:0.302-0.68) of mothers age at first birth above 20 years), birth order(OR=0.183;95%CI:0.134-0.251) of order 2-3 and (OR= 0.416; 95%CI: 0.21,0.82) of order≥4, preceding birth interval(OR=0.64;95%CI:0.48-0.862) of >24 months are revealed that a significant effect on infant mortality in Ethiopia. Moreover, regarding to the socio-economic variables such as region: Benishangul Gumuze (OR=1.62; 95%CI: 1.003-2.601) revealed that a significant effect of infant mortality compared to Tigray region. Again, the variable family size ((OR=0.18; 95%CI: 0.11-0.3 of 4-6 family size) and (OR=0.163; 95%CI:0.093-0.29 of ≥7 family size)) showed that significant effect on infant mortality in 2011 EDHS. Conclusion: Infant mortality was still high in Ethiopia. The findings declared that infant mortality can be reduced substantially by increasing the mother’s age at first birth, duration of breastfeeding and birth interval. Variability among region, marital status, birth order, family size and father education level were also an important significant factor for infant mortality. This finding strongly suggests that, promoting family planning to improve the length of breastfeeding will improve birth intervals and reduce the incidence of higher birth orders at short birth intervals needs to decline the risk of infant mortality.
Value of serum calcium in preeclamptic Sudanese women
Authors: Abdulla Salmma MA , Karoum Samah , Fadul Sahar , Karoum AbulGasim , Mobark Mihad , Abdalla Zohal AA , Mohammed Mohammed AS , Hamad Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed , Magzoub Mamoun
Published: March 2024

Background: Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-related hypertensive disorder occurring in the second half of the pregnancy and is one of the major causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Though the etiology is obscure, recent studies indicate that the levels of serum calcium may play a role in the development of preeclampsia. The aim of this study to find out the relationship of serum calcium in preeclamptic pregnancies compared to normal pregnancies. Methods: This was a case control study carried out at Bahari Hospital which included 100 women with preeclampsia in the third trimester of pregnancy as a study group and 100 healthy pregnant women in their third trimester of pregnancy as a control group with similar maternal and gestational age. The concentration of the corrected total serum calcium was measured by measuring total serum calcium and serum albumin using a spectrophotometric method. Data was analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Results: The age of the participants was (18-45) years old, with gestational age ranging from (34-36) weeks, there was no significant difference between the two groups in their age, gestational age, with p value (0.5) and (0.2) respectively. Plasma calcium level was lower in preeclamptic women as compared to healthy control subject, the mean value of plasma calcium levels were (7.1±0.8) mg/dl and (9.6±0.4) mg/dl, in study and control groups respectively, the difference in the mean were statistically significant with p value (0.001). Conclusion: Hypocalcaemia related to preeclampsia supports the hypothesis that alternation in the total serum calcium levels may be involved in the possible pathogenesis of preeclampsia.