bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tunable Colossal Anomalous Hall Conductivity in Half‐Metallic Material Induced by d‐Wave‐Like Spin‐Orbit Gap
Authors: Choi Joonyoung , Park Jin‐Hong , Kyung Wonshik , Kim Younsik , Kim Mi Kyung , Kwon Junyoung , Kim Changyoung , Rhim Jun‐Won , Park Se Young , Jo Younjung
Published: March 2024

The anomalous Hall conductivity (AHC) in magnetic materials, resulting from inverted band topology, has emerged as a key adjustable function in spin‐torque devices and advanced magnetic sensors. Among systems with near‐half‐metallicity and broken time‐reversal symmetry, cobalt disulfide (CoS2) has proven to be a material capable of significantly enhancing its AHC. In this study, the AHC of CoS2 is empirically assessed by manipulating the chemical potential through Fe‐ (hole) and Ni‐ (electron) doping. The primary mechanism underlying the colossal AHC is identified through the application of density functional theory and tight‐binding analyses. The main source of this substantial AHC is traced to four spin‐polarized massive Dirac dispersions in the kz = 0 plane of the Brillouin zone, located slightly below the Fermi level. In Co0.95Fe0.05S2, the AHC, which is directly proportional to the momentum‐space integral of the Berry curvature (BC), reached a record‐breaking value of 2507 Ω−1cm−1. This is because the BCs of the four Dirac dispersions all exhibit the same sign, a consequence of the d‐wave‐like spin‐orbit coupling among spin‐polarized eg orbitals.
Bimetallic Ru/Ru‐Catalyzed Asymmetric One‐Pot Sequential Hydrogenations for the Stereodivergent Synthesis of Chiral Lactones
Authors: He Jingli , Li Zhaodi , Li Ruhui , Kou Xuezhen , Liu Delong , Zhang Wanbin
Published: March 2024

Asymmetric sequential hydrogenations of α‐methylene γ‐ or δ‐keto carboxylic acids are established in one‐pot using a bimetallic Ru/Ru catalyst system, achieving the stereodivergent synthesis of all four stereoisomers of both chiral γ‐ and δ‐lactones with two non‐vicinal carbon stereocenters in high yields (up to 99%) and with excellent stereoselectivities (up to >99% ee and >20:1 dr). The compatibility of the two chiral Ru catalyst systems is investigated in detail, and it is found that the basicity of the reaction system plays a key role in the sequential hydrogenation processes. The protocol can be performed on a gram‐scale with a low catalyst loading (up to 11000 S/C) and the resulting products allow for many transformations, particularly for the synthesis of several key intermediates useful for the preparation of chiral drugs and natural products.
Robotic Actuation‐Mediated Quantitative Mechanogenetics for Noninvasive and On‐Demand Cancer Therapy
Authors: Liu Yangyi , Li Jingjing , Zhang Yi , Wang Fan , Su Juanjuan , Ma Chao , Zhang Shuyi , Du Yanan , Fan Chunhai , Zhang Hongjie , Liu Kai
Published: March 2024

Cell mechanotransduction signals are important targets for physical therapy. However, current physiotherapy heavily relies on ultrasound, which is generated by high‐power equipment or amplified by auxiliary drugs, potentially causing undesired side effects. To address current limitations, a robotic actuation‐mediated therapy is developed that utilizes gentle mechanical loads to activate mechanosensitive ion channels. The resulting calcium influx precisely regulated the expression of recombinant tumor suppressor protein and death‐associated protein kinase, leading to programmed apoptosis of cancer cell line through caspase‐dependent pathway. In stark contrast to traditional gene therapy, the complete elimination of early‐ and middle‐stage tumors (volume ≤ 100 mm3) and significant growth inhibition of late‐stage tumor (500 mm3) are realized in tumor‐bearing mice by transfecting mechanogenetic circuits and treating daily with quantitative robotic actuation in a form of 5 min treatment over the course of 14 days. Thus, this massage‐derived therapy represents a quantitative strategy for cancer treatment.
Prehospital mass casualty incident triage simulation builds knowledge and confidence in medical trainees
Authors: Yu Elaine , Coffey Christanne
Published: March 2024

Background

Mass casualty incident (MCI) triage simulation is an increasingly useful tool for teaching triage systems to medical students, trainees, and hospital staff. MCI simulation in the prehospital setting has not yet been studied in this population.

Objectives/Aims

We aimed to assess the effectiveness of a prehospital MCI simulation in medical students, residents, and fellows. Our primary outcome was knowledge of the components of the triage algorithms used in MCI response. Our secondary outcome was each participant's confidence level if required to assist with or lead a MCI response.

Methods

This was an observational study with pre–post surveys. We recruited 30 medical students, 14 emergency medicine (EM) residents, and four pediatric EM fellows to fill out a survey before and after a 3‐h simulation session practicing the START and JumpSTART algorithms on two prehospital MCI scenarios.

Results

Overall, all groups demonstrated significant improvement in knowledge of triage colors, information needed to assign a triage color, pediatric airway management during a MCI, and indications for breaths‐first CPR. They also demonstrated significant increase in confidence both in assisting with and in leading a MCI response.

Conclusions

Simulated practice triaging patients in prehospital MCI scenarios improves knowledge of triage algorithms and increases confidence in assisting with or leading a MCI response in medical trainees.
Alkyl–π Functional Molecular Gels: Control of Elastic Modulus and Improvement of Electret Performance
Authors: Tateyama Akito , Nagura Kazuhiko , Yamanaka Masamichi , Nakanishi Takashi
Published: March 2024

The development of optoelectronically‐active soft materials is drawing attention to the application of soft electronics. A room‐temperature solvent‐free liquid obtained by modifying a π‐conjugated moiety with flexible yet bulky alkyl chains is a promising functional soft material. Tuning the elastic modulus (G′) is essential for employing optoelectronically‐active alkyl–π liquids in deformable devices. However, the range of G′ achieved through the molecular design of alkyl–π liquids is limited. We report herein a method for controlling G′ of alkyl–π liquids by gelation. Adding 1 wt % low‐molecular‐weight gelator formed the alkyl–π functional molecular gel (FMG) and increased G′ of alkyl–π liquids by up to seven orders of magnitude while retaining the optical properties. Because alkyl–π FMGs have functional π‐moieties in the gel medium, this new class of gels has a much higher content of π‐moieties of up to 59 wt % compared to conventional π‐gels of only a few wt %. More importantly, the gel state has a 23 % higher charge‐retention capacity than the liquid, providing better performance in deformable mechanoelectric generator‐electret devices. The strategy used in this study is a novel approach for developing next‐generation optoelectronically‐active FMG materials.
Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Nondirected Late‐Stage C(sp2)−H Deuteration of Heteroarenes Enabled Through a Multi‐Substrate Screening Approach
Authors: Dey Jyotirmoy , Kaltenberger Simon , van Gemmeren Manuel
Published: March 2024

The importance of deuterium labelling in a variety of applications, ranging from mechanistic studies to drug‐discovery, has spurred immense interest in the development of new methods for its efficient incorporation in organic, and especially in bioactive molecules. The five‐membered heteroarenes at the center of this work are ubiquitous motifs in bioactive molecules and efficient methods for the deuterium labelling of these compounds are therefore highly desirable. However, the profound differences in chemical properties encountered between different heteroarenes hamper the development of a single set of broadly applicable reaction conditions, often necessitating a separate optimization campaign for a given type of heteroarene. In this study we describe the use of a multi‐substrate screening approach to identify optimal reaction conditions for different classes of heteroarenes from a minimal number of screening reactions. Using this approach, four sets of complementary reaction conditions derived from our dual ligand‐based palladium catalysts for nondirected C(sp2)−H activation were identified, that together enable the deuteration of structurally diverse heteroarenes, including bioactive molecules.
Cover Image, Volume 141, Issue 17
Authors: da Rocha Lizandra Viana Maurat , da Silva Paulo Sergio Rangel Cruz , da Silva Eduardo Miguez Bastos , de Oliveira Aguiar Vinicius , Tavares Maria Inês Bruno
Published: March 2024

The cover image by Lizandra Viana Maurat da Rocha highlights one of our innovative biodegradable films, which incorporated molybdenum trioxide and zinc oxide into the poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) matrix through casting. The photo emphasizes its partial transparency and homogeneity. Some analytical results reported as FTIR, TD‐NMR, XRD and TGA validates nanomaterial's exceptional mechanical and chemical properties. Icons below underscore its potential as an eco‐friendly food packaging,with bacteriostatic features and no formation of microplastics after disposal. DOI: 10.1002/app.55294

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Influence of the microstructure in the biodegradability process of eco‐friendly materials based on polylactic acid and mango seed for food packaging to minimize microplastic generation
Authors: Lima Edla Maria Bezerra , Middea Antonieta , Reis Fábio Silveira , Mateus Débora Nascimento , de Amorim Rodrigo Gomes , Pereira Ingrid Cristina Soares , dos Santos Natália Rodrigues Rojas , da Costa Mattos Mariana , da Silva Minguita Adriana Paula , dos Anjos Marianna Ramos , Neumann Reiner , Oliveira Renata Nunes , Tavares Maria Inês Bruno
Published: March 2024

In this research, mango parts (kernel and integument) were loaded into a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix by a casting process to develop biocomposite materials. These materials should present improved mechanical and thermal properties and have the potential to be used as environmentally friendly, biodegradable food packaging material with extended shelf life. For this purpose, the research was divided into two parts: step 1, ground materials of a certain particle size from a previous work1 and step 2, which are the materials from Step 1 ground again. The samples were characterized by x‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), laser granulometry, texture tests, and thermal analysis. The difference between them was particle size distribution, impacting the materials' mechanical strength and degradation rate. Three biocomposites were made (PLA/kernel, PLA/integument, and PLA/kernel/integument) in both steps. SEM was used to observe the size distribution of the mango seed and sample morphology. In addition, resistance values increased with the addition of kernel or integument particles. Biocomposite biodegradability was also evaluated. Based on the results of this study, the biocomposites showed high mechanical properties and thermal stability, making them suitable for applications such as food packaging and structural components to help reduce environmental loads and microplastic generation.
Prussian Blue Nanoplates for Potassium Ion Battery Cathode with High Capacity and High Energy Density
Authors: Jung SungHoon , Huong Pham Thi , Mapari Mitesh , Thanh Tung Tran , Kim TaeYoung
Published: March 2024

Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) represent as a class of materials with an open framework structure and have been intensively explored as the potential active materials for alkaline‐ion batteries. Here, we present the synthesis of Prussian blue nanoplates designed for use as high performance cathode materials in potassium‐ion batteries. Prussian blue nanoplates were synthesized through a facile solution precipitation route using a highly concentrated potassium citrate solution. The potassium‐rich environment during the synthesis facilitated horizontal growth of the crystals, yielding potassium‐rich Prussian blue nanoplates. The resultant Prussian blue nanoplates exhibited a significantly larger particle size of 600 nm and a reduced specific surface area of 6.8 m2 g−1, compared to conventionally synthesized Prussian blue hexahedrons. Half‐cell tests demonstrated that the Prussian blue nanoplates exhibited a high gravimetric capacity of 152.5 mAh g−1 with a nominal voltage 3.952 V at a C‐rate of 0.1 C, yielding an energy density of 602.7 Wh kg−1. Cycling tests demonstrated high cycling stability of the material, maintaining a capacity of 122.7 mAh g−1 and a nominal voltage of 3.923 V after 200 cycles at 0.2 C. In a full‐cell configuration with graphite anodes, a gravimetric capacity changed from 134.1 mAh g−1 to 108.9 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.2 C, demonstrating a good cycling stability. This work provides a new insight into the electrochemical properties of Prussian blue nanoplates and highlights their potential as high‐performance cathode materials for potassium‐ion batteries.
Spontaneous bilateral superficial femoral artery pseudoaneurysms and a unilateral posterior tibial artery aneurysm in an immunocompromised patient
Authors: Crisp Jonathan , Ahmad Manal , Crockett Stephen , Mohamed Abdulla , Hamady Mohamad , Bernstein Ondina , Shalhoub Joseph
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical Message

The presence of multiple pseudoaneurysms in a patient should prompt investigations for the underlying etiologies including autoimmune and immunosuppressive disease processes. Treatment options include open repair and endovascular stenting.

Pseudoaneurysms (also known as false aneurysms) are atypical dilatations or outpouchings from a vessel which are not always contained by the three layers of a normal vessel wall, namely the intima, media, and adventitia. These are distinct from a true aneurysm which has a wall comprising all three layers. The underlying etiology for both true aneurysms and pseudoaneurysm can vary. We present the rare case of bilateral superficial femoral artery pseudoaneurysms, of unknown etiology and a concurrent posterior tibial artery saccular aneurysm in a patient with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and multiple comorbidities. This was managed using a combination of endovascular covered stent grafts and open surgical repair technique. The patient is doing well on follow‐up a year later with no post‐operative infections. A literature review of the existing reports of superficial femoral artery pseudoaneurysms and posterior tibial artery aneurysms and their management is also reported.
Investigating refugees’ negotiation of professional possible selves
Authors: Fedrigo Laurence , Masdonati Jonas
Published: March 2024

Many barriers threaten refugees’ professional and social integration in their resettlement countries. Through semi‐structured interviews and based on the concept of possible selves, we aimed to understand how 22 refugees aged from 18 to 35 and coming from Afghanistan, Eritrea, Iran, Somalia, Syria, Turkey, Ukraine, and Yemen constructed and negotiated their career plans considering contextual factors. Results show that forced migration impacted the participants in three different ways: some were still striving for the ideal, pursuing their ideal career plans, while others were revising them either by revisiting the ideal or letting go of the ideal. They used different strategies of reducing expectations, exploring new possibilities, delaying, or abandoning their ideal plans for more probable ones, considering their current situation and barriers (i.e., lack of language proficiency, refugee permits, recognized diplomas, or childcare solutions). We discuss concrete implications for practice and provide future research insights.
Ontogenetic shift or not? Different foraging trade‐offs within the meso‐ to bathypelagic fish community
Authors: Loutrage Liz , Brind'Amour Anik , Chouvelon Tiphaine , Spitz Jérôme
Published: March 2024

During ontogeny, the increase in body size forces species to make trade‐offs between their food requirements, the conditions necessary for growth and reproduction as well as the avoidance of predators. Ontogenetic changes are leading species to seek out habitats and food resources that meet their needs. To this end, ontogenetic changes in nocturnal habitat (vertical use of the water column) and in the type of food resources (based on stable isotopes of nitrogen) were investigated in 12 species of deep pelagic fish from the Bay of Biscay in the Northeast Atlantic. Our results revealed the existence of major differences in the ontogenetic strategies employed by deep pelagic fishes. Some species showed ontogenetic changes in both vertical habitat use and food resources (e.g. Jewel lanternfish (Lampanyctus crocodilus) and Atlantic soft pout (Melanostigma atlanticum)). In contrast, other species showed no ontogenetic change (e.g. Koefoed's searsid (Searsia koefoedi) and Lancet fish (Notoscopelus kroyeri)). Some species only changed food resources (e.g. Spotted lanternfish (Myctophum punctatum), Spotted barracudina (Arctozenus risso) and Stout sawpalate (Serrivomer beanii)), while others seemed to be influenced more by depth than by trophic features (e.g. Bluntsnout smooth‐head (Xenodermichthys copei) and Olfer's Hatchetfish (Argyropelecus olfersii)). These results suggest that to meet their increasing energy requirements during ontogeny, some species have adopted a strategy of shifting their food resources (larger prey or prey with a higher trophic level), while others seemed to maintain their food resources but are most likely increasing the quantity of prey ingested. As fish species can have different functional roles during their development within ecosystems, characterising ontogenetic changes in mesopelagic fish species is a crucial step to be considered in future research aimed at understanding and modelling the complexity of deep‐pelagic food webs.
Patterns and environmental drivers of C, N, and P stoichiometry in the leaf‐litter‐soil system associated with Mongolian pine forests
Authors: Ren Yue , Gao Guang‐lei , Ding Guo‐dong , Zhang Ying , Zhao Pei‐shan
Published: March 2024

Ecological stoichiometry is an important approach to understand plant nutrient cycling and balance in the forest ecosystem. However, understanding of stoichiometric patterns through the leaf‐litter‐soil system of Mongolian pine among different stand origins is still scarce. Therefore, to reveal the variations in Mongolian pine carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry and stoichiometric homeostasis among different stand origins, we measured C, N, and P concentrations of leaves, litter, and soil, and analyzed the nutrient resorption efficiencies of leaves in differently aged plantations and natural forests from semi‐arid and dry sub‐humid regions. The results showed that (1) the stand origin had a significant effect on the C–N–P stoichiometry, and also significantly affected leaf N and P reabsorption efficiencies. Leaf N/P ratios indicated that Mongolian pine was co‐limited by N and P in the NF, HB and HQ, and was mainly limited by P in MU. (2) With increasing stand age, C concentrations in the leaf‐litter‐soil system initially increased and then decreased, the N and P concentrations and reabsorption efficiencies in the leaf‐litter‐soil system were gradually increased. Overall, stand age had a significant effect on N concentrations, C/N and C/P ratios in the leaf‐litter‐soil system. (3) The C and N elements between the leaf‐litter‐soil system had a strong coupling relationship, and the P element between litter‐soil had a strong coupling relationship. In addition, plantations exhibited greater N/P homeostasis than natural forests, and N/P exhibited greater homeostasis than N and P alone, which may be a nutrient utilization strategy for forests to alleviate N or P limitation. (4) Environmental factors have a significant influence on C–N–P stoichiometry in the leaf‐litter‐soil system, the most important soil properties and meteorological factors being soil water content and precipitation, respectively. These results will be essential to provide guidance for plantation restoration and management in desert regions.
[N−I−N] Type Halogen Bonding: Structure, Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Wang Tianhao , Xing Pengyao
Published: March 2024

Halogen bond has received widespread attention in recent years due to the vast applications in supramolecular chemistry, sensing and crystal engineering. In contrast to the normal halogen bonds, [N−I−N] type halogen bond exhibits enhanced strength and solvent resistance capabilities. It adopts a bonding geometry of the three‐center four‐electron bond, where the nitrogen can be a neutral, positive, or negative species such as pyridine, saccharin, and urotropine moieties. The emerging new type halogen bond has found specific potentials in constructing supramolecular architectures and catalysis. This concept provides a brief summary based on recent developments of [N−I−N] type halogen bonding, reviewing and summarizing its synthesis, structure and application.
The DEI slide: How colleges and universities are managing the cultural shift
Authors: May Rachel
Published: March 2024

Kentucky and Wisconsin are the most recent states to grapple with proposed bans of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion initiatives. While the University of Wisconsin Board of Regents originally voted against the proposed DEI bill, they eventually reached an agreement with state legislators. The UW system was granted $800 million from the state for employee pay raises and construction projects, in exchange for freezing DEI hiring, changing position titles of existing DEI staff to “student success” roles, and eliminating DEI statements from student applications.
COLORS ON ANCIENT GREEK TERRA‐COTTA FIGURINES
Authors: Hendrix Elizabeth A.
Published: March 2024

Small terra‐cotta figures, mostly of women, but occasionally of men or domestic animals, were produced in Greece in great numbers during the third and second centuries B.C. These miniature figures were often beautifully sculpted, with graceful poses and lively drapery. Traces of pigment still visible today reveal that the sculptures were vividly painted over their entire surfaces with a full spectrum of colors, creating a vibrant effect. Today, scientific analysis can identify the remaining pigment and present a clearer concept of the figures' original appearance.
A Garden of Hope: Hope Cemetery in Barre, Vermont
Authors: Lane Karen
Published: March 2024

On Sunday afternoons between the two world wars, the granite sculptors of Barre, Vermont, would stroll with their families through Hope Cemetery. Like painters visiting a gallery, they inspected one another's work, studying the styles of the sculptors and statue cutters, the techniques of the floral carvers, the skill of the letter cutters, the ingenuity of the designers.
The Horace Smith Collection of Plaster Casts
Authors: Haskell Heather R.
Published: March 2024

The George Walter Vincent Smith Art Museum opened to the citizens of Springfield, Massachusetts, in 1896. The museum, modeled after an Italian palazzo, houses the large decorative arts collection of George Walter Vincent Smith (1832–1923) and his wife, Belle Townsley (1845–1928). Smith served as the museum's first curator and combined his vast, diverse collection into consciously assembled still‐life arrangements. Over the years, one gallery within the museum remained devoted to a single art form—the plaster cast.
Bismuth@Bismuth Sulfide Core@Shell Structure for Near Infrared II Light Triggered Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Lv Huiwei , Zhou Xiaomei , Yang Gang , Su Xin , Cheng Yan , Zhang Biao
Published: March 2024

Near infrared (NIR) light, especially NIR‐II, triggered photothermal therapy has gained increasing attention due to its deep tissue penetration ability. The development of new NIR‐II photothermal agent may accelerate the clinical translation. As a semiconductor, bismuth (Bi) can be activated by NIR‐II light. Herein, we developed Bi@bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) core@shell nanoparticles (NPs) as new NIR‐II triggered PTA. The photothermal conversion efficiency of Bi@Bi2S3 NPs was calculated to be 48.39 %. With 1064 nm laser irradiation, Bi@Bi2S3 NPs could effectively induce temperature elevation and kill cancer cells. In vivo experiments further prove that Bi@Bi2S3 NPs can serve as an efficient photothermal agent with well biocompatibility for tumor elimination.
In Situ Constructing Metal–Organic Complex Interface Layer Using Biomolecule Enabling Stabilize Zn Anode
Authors: Yuan Zaifang , Zhan Kaiyuan , Li Di , Pu Yujuan , Zhang Youkui , Zeng Xuzhong , Luo Xiaoyu , Zhang Yunhuai , Li Xueming , Wei Zidong
Published: March 2024

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are considered as a promising candidate for next‐generation large‐scale energy storage due to their high safety, low cost, and eco‐friendliness. Unfortunately, commercialization of ZIBs is severely hindered owing to rampant dendrite growth and detrimental side reactions on the Zn anode. Herein, inspired by the metal–organic complex interphase strategy, the authors apply adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to in situ construct a multifunctional film on the metal Zn surface (marked as ATP@Zn) by a facile etching method. The ATP‐induced interfacial layer enhances lipophilicity, promoting uniform Zn2+ flux and further homogenizing Zn deposition. Meanwhile, the functional interlayer improves the anticorrosion ability of the Zn anode, effectively suppressing corrosion and hydrogen evolution. Consequently, the as‐prepared ATP@Zn anode in the symmetric cell exhibits eminent plating/stripping reversibility for over 2800 h at 5.0 mA cm−2 and 1 mAh cm−2. Furthermore, the assembled ATP@Zn||MnO2 full cells are investigated to evaluate practical feasibilities. This work provides an efficient and simple strategy to prepare stabilized Zn anode toward high‐performance ZIBs.
Microwave‐assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction of five lignans from Schisandra chinensis
Authors: Chen Boyu , Liu Shengkai , Zhi Hongxin , Huang Jin , Song Han , Fan Jiashen , Fu Yujie , Liu Zhiguo
Published: March 2024

Green extraction of the active lignans from Schisandra chinensis has received considerable attention due to their promising applications in the biomedical field. In this study, microwave‐assisted deep eutectic solvent method was used to simultaneously extract five lignans: Schizandrol A, Schizandrol B, Schisantherin A, Schisandrin A and Schizandrin B. The extraction parameters were optimized according to the calculated comprehensive score obtained from the analytic hierarchy process combined with the entropy weight method. The optimal extraction conditions were that the molar ratio of choline chloride and glycolic acid is 4:1, water content is 30% (V/V), solid–liquid ratio is 1:20 (Wg:VmL), extraction time is 20 min, and extraction temperature is 70°C, under which the extraction rate of the five lignans were 10.89, 8.616, 4.019, 4.893, and 5.318 mg/g. These results confirmed that our extraction method is efficient and feasible for green extraction of lignans from S. chinensis.
Higher risk of traumatic intracranial hemorrhage with antiplatelet therapy compared to oral anticoagulation—a single-center experience
Authors: Niklasson Emily , Svensson Elin , André Lars , Areskoug Christian , Forberg Jakob Lundager , Vedin Tomas
Published: March 2024

Purpose

Traumatic brain injury is the main reason for the emergency department visit of up to 3% of the patients and a major worldwide cause for morbidity and mortality. Current emergency management guidelines recommend close attention to patients taking oral anticoagulation but not patients on antiplatelet therapy. Recent studies have begun to challenge this. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of antiplatelet therapy and oral anticoagulation on traumatic intracranial hemorrhage.

Methods

Medical records of adult patients triaged with “head injury” as the main reason for emergency care were retrospectively reviewed from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2017, and January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2021. Patients ≥ 18 years with head trauma were included. Odds ratio was calculated, and multiple logistic regression was performed.

Results

A total of 4850 patients with a median age of 70 years were included. Traumatic intracranial hemorrhage was found in 6.2% of the patients. The risk ratio for traumatic intracranial hemorrhage in patients on antiplatelet therapy was 2.25 (p < 0.001, 95% confidence interval 1.73–2.94) and 1.38 (p = 0.002, 95% confidence interval 1.05–1.84) in patients on oral anticoagulation compared to patients without mediations that affect coagulation. In binary multiple regression, antiplatelet therapy was associated with intracranial hemorrhage, but oral anticoagulation was not.

Conclusion

This study shows that antiplatelet therapy is associated with a higher risk of traumatic intracranial hemorrhage compared to oral anticoagulation. Antiplatelet therapy should be given equal or greater consideration in the guidelines compared to anticoagulation therapy. Further studies on antiplatelet subtypes within the context of head trauma are recommended to improve the guidelines’ diagnostic accuracy.
A fast simulation method for thermal management in wire arc additive manufacturing repair of a thin-walled structure
Authors: Qvale Paul , Njaastad Eirik B. , Bræin Torgeir , Ren Xiaobo
Published: March 2024

Ensuring first-time-right on-site repair of critical structures is a key challenge for additive manufacturing (AM)–based repair solutions. Fast thermal simulations are thus needed to plan efficient and error-free AM processes. This paper addresses a fast thermal simulation method for a novel subsea wire arc additive manufacturing (SWAAM) repair procedure. Current commercial finite element (FE) codes for typical welding and AM are computationally expensive and slow. The presented 2D finite difference approach can be used to simulate SWAAM on a damaged plate with around 70 times acceleration compared to real welding times, without the use of parallelization. Although not being able to accurately represent the temperature in close vicinity of the welding torch, the approach shows excellent correspondence with FE simulations and experiments in regions of the plate where the temperature has assumed a distribution that is largely two-dimensional. Compared with FE simulations, the approach is experimentally verified to be accurate to 10 °C within 7 s after the welding torch has passed a point on the plate. Thus, the approach can provide a measure of the global temperature field in a thin-walled structure during repair. The thermal simulation is preceded by a welding path planner, which generates appropriate paths based on slicing of a 3D surface scan of the damage that is to be repaired. Damages to equipment or non-ideal welding conditions are prevented by automatically pausing the welding if the calculated temperature in the path ahead of the welding torch exceeds a predefined interpass temperature limit.
Facilitating Effects of Reductive Soil Disinfestation on Soil Health and Physiological Properties of Panax ginseng
Authors: Zhan Yu , Wang Ergang , Zhou Yi , He Guixiang , Lv Pengyuan , Wang Lixiang , Zhou Tingting , Miao Xinyue , Chen Changbao , Li Qiong
Published: March 2024

Chemical soil fumigation (CSF) and reductive soil disinfestation (RSD) have been proven to be effective agricultural strategies to improve soil quality, restructure microbial communities, and promote plant growth in soil degradation remediation. However, it is still unclear how RSD and CSF ensure soil and plant health by altering fungal communities. Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of CSF with chloropicrin, and RSD with animal feces on soil properties, fungal communities and functional composition, and plant physiological characteristics were evaluated. Results showed that RSD and CSF treatment improved soil properties, restructured fungal community composition and structure, enhanced fungal interactions and functions, and facilitated plant growth. There was a significant increase in OM, AN, and AP contents in the soil with both CSF and RSD treatments compared to CK. Meanwhile, compared with CK and CSF, RSD treatment significantly increased biocontrol Chaetomium relative abundance while reducing pathogenic Neonectria relative abundance, indicating that RSD has strong inhibition potential. Furthermore, the microbial network of RSD treatment was more complex and interconnected, and the functions of plant pathogens, and animal pathogen were decreased. Importantly, RSD treatment significantly increased plant SOD, CAT, POD activity, SP, Ca, Zn content, and decreased MDA, ABA, Mg, K, and Fe content. In summary, RSD treatment is more effective than CSF treatment, by stimulating the proliferation of probiotic communities to further enhance soil health and plant disease resistance.
Systematische Simulationsstudie zur verformungsmechanischen Stützwirkung an Wellen aus Stahl
Authors: Ulrich Carsten , Härtel Hans , Schlecht Berthold
Published: March 2024

In dieser Veröffentlichung wird die verformungsmechanische Stützwirkung auf Basis einer Simulationsstudie untersucht, wobei der Fokus auf der klassischen Dauerfestigkeitsbewertung von Wellen und Achsen aus Stahl liegt. Aufbauend auf einem kurzen Überblick zu Kerbnäherungsverfahren und deren Übertragung auf die verformungsmechanische Stützwirkung in Dauerfestigkeitsnachweisen, wird eine elastisch-plastische FEM-Serienrechnung mit 22.100 Fällen vorgestellt. Im Vergleich mit der simulativ ermittelten Beanspruchung im elastisch-plastisch wechselnd verformten Kerbgrund werden derzeit übliche Berechnungsverfahren für die verformungsmechanische Stützwirkung untersucht. Wie sich zeigt, können teils deutliche Festigkeitsreserven für Auslegungsberechnungen erschlossen werden, wenn der Effekt für gekerbte Wellen besser abgeschätzt wird. Bei sehr mild gekerbten Wellen sowie insbesondere unter Zug-Druck verhält es sich dagegen umgekehrt. Hier wird die verformungsmechanische Stützwirkung durch derzeit übliche Verfahren überschätzt, also auf der unsicheren Seite ausgelegt. Als pragmatische Lösung für das Problem wird eine neue Methode vorgeschlagen, welche dem Anwender unter Einbeziehen von Kerbschärfe, Last und dem Werkstoff eine genauere Berücksichtigung des Effektes bei der Auslegung ermöglicht. Durch Nutzung des bei Wellen typischerweise eindeutigen Nennquerschnittes (Außen- und Innendurchmesser) konnte die Nutzung der Traglastformzahl vermieden werden. Das Verfahren erfordert daher keine zusätzlichen Simulationen, ist nahezu ohne zusätzlichen Aufwand einsetzbar und somit auch hervorragend für nennspannungsbasierte Konzepte nutzbar. Alle ausgewerteten Ergebnisse sowie Detailinformationen zu allen Modellen werden dem Leser zur Verfügung gestellt. Die Autoren laden herzlich ein, die Ergebnisse kritisch zu prüfen und/oder für eigene Analysen weiterzuverwenden.
Primary vs. pre-emptive anti-seizure medication prophylaxis in anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy
Authors: Pensato Umberto , Pondrelli Federica , de Philippis Chiara , Asioli Gian Maria , Crespi Alessandra , Buizza Alessandro , Mannina Daniele , Casadei Beatrice , Maffini Enrico , Straffi Laura , Marcheselli Simona , Zinzani Pier Luigi , Bonifazi Francesca , Guarino Maria , Bramanti Stefania
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Seizures may occur in up to 30% of non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients who received anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy, yet the optimal anti-seizure medication (ASM) prevention strategy has not been thoroughly investigated.

Methods

Consecutive patients affected by refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma who received anti-CD19 CAR T-cells were included. Patients were selected and assessed using similar internal protocols. ASM was started either as a primary prophylaxis (PP-group) before CAR T-cells infusion or as a pre-emptive therapy (PET-group) only upon the onset of neurotoxicity development.

Results

One hundred fifty-six patients were included (PP-group = 88, PET-group = 66). Overall, neurotoxicity and severe neurotoxicity occurred in 45 (29%) and 20 (13%) patients, respectively, equally distributed between the two groups. Five patients experienced epileptic events (PET-group = 3 [4%]; PP-group = 2 [2%]). For all the PET-group patients, seizure/status epilepticus occurred in the absence of overt CAR-T-related neurotoxicity, whereas patients in the PP-group experienced brief seizures only in the context of critical neurotoxicity with progressive severe encephalopathy. ASMs were well-tolerated by all patients, even without titration. No patients developed epilepsy or required long-term ASMs.

Conclusion

Our data suggest that both primary and pre-emptive anti-seizure prophylaxis are safe and effective in anti-CD19 CAR T-cell recipients. Clinical rationale suggests a possible more favourable profile of primary prophylaxis, yet no definitive conclusion of superiority between the two ASM strategies can be drawn from our study.
Multivariate risk attitude: a comparison of alternative approaches in sustainability policies
Authors: Beccacece Francesca
Published: March 2024

Risk aversion has an unambiguous meaning in the univariate context: But, what does it mean to be risk averse in the multivariate case? Concave Risk Aversion (CRA) and Multivariate Risk Aversion (MRA) are relevant extensions of the risk aversion concept used in the univariate case to the multivariate case, corresponding to concave and ultramodular utility classes, respectively. Although CRA and MRA can coexist, they are dramatically different in some ways, leading to opposite preferences under some circumstances, as in the face of irreversible risks. We introduce the notions of purely concave and purely multivariate risk aversion, related to disjoint utility classes. We apply the purely risk aversion notions to the field of sustainability, where catastrophic and irreversible outcomes can be faced, in order to highlight and compare the consequences of the two approaches on sustainability policies. In this respect, we provide three main results. First, the kind of risk aversion determines the pursued goal. Second, the principle of “rejecting any fair bet” is not always preserved. Third, sustainability policies induced by different risk aversions, if repeated, produce final states in which mean-variance criterion holds.
Mathematical programming-based methodology for the evaluation of supply chain collaborative planning scenarios
Authors: Pérez-Perales D. , Boza A. , Alarcón F. , Gómez-Gasquet P.
Published: March 2024

Nowadays, supply chain (SC) decentralised decision making is the most usual situation in SC operations planning. In this context, different companies can collaboratively plan to achieve a certain level of individual and SC performance. However in many cases, there is reluctance to collaborate because it is not known a priori which benefits will be reported. This paper aims to develop a mathematical programming-based methodology for the evaluation of different supply chain collaborative planning scenarios (MPM-SC-CP). It is assumed that different SC decision centres (DCs) make decisions based on mixed and integer linear programming models. Two main inputs feed the proposed MPM-SC-CP, a framework and associated methodology that support the integrated conceptual and analytical modeling of the SC-CP process in which several DCs make decisions according to spatio-temporal integration. Finally, an application to a real ceramic SC was conducted.
Rhythm and Reading: Connecting the Training of Musical Rhythm to the Development of Literacy Skills
Authors: Ahokas J. Riikka , Saarikallio Suvi , Welch Graham , Parviainen Tiina , Louhivuori Jukka
Published: March 2024

This study investigated whether enhanced rhythm training improves literacy development and working memory performance in pupils in the first and second year of school. According to recent literature, we hypothesized that rhythm-focused training could be effective for children with reading difficulties. Pupils aged 6 to 8 years participated in the study, implemented as part of regular school music lessons. Children were divided into an experimental group that received enhanced rhythm training and a control group that received an equivalent amount of music instruction but without enhanced rhythm training. The intervention was delivered once a week for three months (13 lessons in total). The test battery included pre- and post-measures (0 and 3 months, respectively) with literacy and working memory assessment, and follow-ups (8 and 20 months) with literacy assessment. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in literacy skills after training. However, there was a moderate improvement in working memory performance for the experimental, but not the comparison group. In a post hoc analysis, we found an effect in a subgroup of lower starting-level readers, as the increase in literacy development of these students was statistically significant in the experimental, but not in the comparison group.
Climate-smart agricultural practices for enhanced farm productivity, income, resilience, and greenhouse gas mitigation: a comprehensive review
Authors: Zheng Hongyun , Ma Wanglin , He Quan
Published: March 2024

This study reviews the literature published between 2013 and 2023 to comprehensively understand the consequences of adopting climate-smart agricultural (CSA) practices. We categorize the literature into three categories based on the scopes of climate-smart agriculture: (a) sustainably increase agricultural productivity and incomes; (b) adapt and build the resilience of people and agrifood systems to climate change; and (c) reduce or where possible, avoid greenhouse gas emissions. The review demonstrates that adopting CSA practices, in many instances, improves farm productivity and incomes. This increase manifests in increasing crop yields and productivity, income and profitability, and technical and resource use efficiency. Moreover, adopting CSA practices reinforces the resilience of farmers and agrifood systems by promoting food consumption, dietary diversity, and food security and mitigating production risks and vulnerabilities. Adopting CSA practices is environmentally feasible as it reduces greenhouse gas emissions and improves soil quality. An integrative strategy encompassing diverse CSA practices portends an optimized avenue to chart a trajectory towards agrifood systems fortified against climatic change.
PARamrfinder: detecting allele-specific DNA methylation on multicore clusters
Authors: Fernández-Fraga Alejandro , González-Domínguez Jorge , Martín María J.
Published: March 2024

The discovery of Allele-Specific Methylation (ASM) is an important research field in biology as it regulates genomic imprinting, which has been identified as the cause of some genetic diseases. Nevertheless, the high computational cost of the bioinformatic tools developed for this purpose prevents their application to large-scale datasets. Hence, much faster tools are required to further progress in this research field. In this work we presentPARamrfinder, a parallel tool that applies a statistical model to identify ASM in data from high-throughput short-read bisulfite sequencing. It is based on the state-of-the-art sequential toolamrfinder, which is able to detect ASM at regional level from Bisulfite Sequencing (BS-Seq) experiments in the absence of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism information.PARamrfinderprovides the same Allelically Methylated Regions asamrfinderbut at significantly reduced runtime thanks to exploiting the compute capabilities of common multicore CPU clusters and MPI RMA operations to attain an efficient dynamic workload balance. As an example, our tool is up to 567 times faster for real data experiments on a cluster with 8 nodes, each one containing two 16-core processors. The source code of PARamrfinder, as well as a reference manual, is available athttps://github.com/UDC-GAC/PARamrfinder.
Toxicological responses of A549 and HCE-T cells exposed to fine particulate matter at the air–liquid interface
Authors: Chen Wankang , Ge Pengxiang , Deng Minjun , Liu Xiaoming , Lu Zhenyu , Yan Zhansheng , Chen Mindong , Wang Junfeng
Published: March 2024

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can enter the human body in various ways and have adverse effects on human health. Human lungs and eyes are exposed to the air for a long time and are the first to be exposed to PM2.5. The “liquid immersion exposure method” has some limitations that prevent it from fully reflecting the toxic effects of particulate matter on the human body. In this study, the collected PM2.5 samples were chemically analyzed. An air–liquid interface (ALI) model with a high correlation to the in vivo environment was established based on human lung epithelial cells (A549) and immortalized human corneal epithelial cells (HCE-T). The VITROCELL Cloud 12 system was used to distribute PM2.5 on the cells evenly. After exposure for 6 h and 24 h, cell viability, apoptosis rate, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, expression of inflammatory factors, and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage were measured. The results demonstrated significant dose- and time-dependent effects of PM2.5 on cell viability, cell apoptosis, ROS generation, and DNA damage at the ALI, while the inflammatory factors showed dose-dependent effects only. It should be noted that even short exposure to low doses of PM2.5 can cause cell DNA double-strand breaks and increased expression of γ-H2AX, indicating significant genotoxicity of PM2.5. Increased abundance of ROS in cells plays a crucial role in the cytotoxicity induced by PM2.5 exposure These findings emphasize the significant cellular damage and genotoxicity that may result from short-term exposure to low levels of PM2.5.
New analytical wave structures of the $$(3+1)$$-dimensional extended modified Ito equation of seventh-order
Authors: Şenol Mehmet , Gençyiğit Mehmet , Demirbilek Ulviye , Akinyemi Lanre , Rezazadeh Hadi
Published: March 2024

Partial differential equations are frequently employed to depict issues arising across various scientific and engineering domains. Efforts have been made to analytically solve these equations, revealing shortcomings in some widely utilized methods, including modeling deficiencies and intricate solution processes. To address these limitations, diverse analytical methods have been explored. The Ito equation, introduced in 1980, underwent development, leading to the formulation of a fifth-order Ito equation. A seventh-order integrable $$(3+1)$$

(
3
+
1
)

-dimensional extended modified Ito equation emerged by augmenting this equation with three additional terms. In this study, novel exact solutions for the equation, absent in existing literature, were derived using the extended hyperbolic function and modified Kudryashov methods. To scrutinize the dynamic behavior of these findings, we presented 3D, contour, and 2D visualizations of select solutions. The results showcase numerous new solutions, underscoring the reliability and efficacy of the employed methods.