bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ancient variation of the
AvrPm17
gene in powdery mildew limits the effectiveness of the introgressed rye
Pm17
resistance gene in wheat
Authors: Müller Marion C. , Kunz Lukas , Schudel Seraina , Lawson Aaron W. , Kammerecker Sandrine , Isaksson Jonatan , Wyler Michele , Graf Johannes , Sotiropoulos Alexandros G. , Praz Coraline R. , Manser Beatrice , Wicker Thomas , Bourras Salim , Keller Beat
Published: July 2022

Introgressions of chromosomal segments from related species into wheat are important sources of resistance against fungal diseases. The durability and effectiveness of introgressed resistance genes upon agricultural deployment is highly variable—a phenomenon that remains poorly understood, as the corresponding fungal avirulence genes are largely unknown. Until its breakdown, the
Pm17
resistance gene introgressed from rye to wheat provided broad resistance against powdery mildew (
Blumeria graminis
). Here, we used quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping to identify the corresponding wheat mildew avirulence effector
AvrPm17
. It is encoded by two paralogous genes that exhibit signatures of reoccurring gene conversion events and are members of a mildew sublineage specific effector cluster. Extensive haplovariant mining in wheat mildew and related sublineages identified several ancient virulent
AvrPm17
variants that were present as standing genetic variation in wheat powdery mildew prior to the
Pm17
introgression, thereby paving the way for the rapid breakdown of the
Pm17
resistance. QTL mapping in mildew identified a second genetic component likely corresponding to an additional resistance gene present on the 1AL.1RS translocation carrying
Pm17.
This gene remained previously undetected due to suppressed recombination within the introgressed rye chromosomal segment. We conclude that the initial effectiveness of 1AL.1RS was based on simultaneous introgression of two genetically linked resistance genes. Our results demonstrate the relevance of pathogen-based genetic approaches to disentangling complex resistance loci in wheat. We propose that identification and monitoring of avirulence gene diversity in pathogen populations become an integral part of introgression breeding to ensure effective and durable resistance in wheat.
Field-mediated locomotor dynamics on highly deformable surfaces
Authors: Li Shengkai , Ozkan-Aydin Yasemin , Xiao Charles , Small Gabriella , Gynai Hussain N. , Li Gongjie , Rieser Jennifer M. , Laguna Pablo , Goldman Daniel I.
Published: July 2022

Studies of active matter—systems consisting of individuals or ensembles of internally driven and damped locomotors—are of interest to physicists studying nonequilibrium dynamics, biologists interested in individuals and swarm locomotion, and engineers designing robot controllers. While principles governing active systems on hard ground or within fluids are well studied, another class of systems exists at deformable interfaces. Such environments can display mixes of fluid-like and elastic features, leading to locomotor dynamics that are strongly influenced by the geometry of the surface, which, in itself, can be a dynamical entity. To gain insight into principles by which locomotors are influenced via a deformation field alone (and can influence other locomotors), we study robot locomotion on an elastic membrane, which we propose as a model of active systems on highly deformable interfaces. As our active agent, we use a differential driven wheeled robotic vehicle which drives straight on flat homogeneous surfaces, but reorients in response to environmental curvature. We monitor the curvature field–mediated dynamics of a single vehicle interacting with a fixed deformation as well as multiple vehicles interacting with each other via local deformations. Single vehicles display precessing orbits in centrally deformed environments, while multiple vehicles influence each other by local deformation fields. The active nature of the system facilitates a differential geometry–inspired mathematical mapping from the vehicle dynamics to those of test particles in a fictitious “spacetime,” allowing further understanding of the dynamics and how to control agent interactions to facilitate or avoid multivehicle membrane-induced cohesion.
Plan your trip before you leave: The neutrophils’ search-and-run journey
Authors: Stopp Julian , Sixt Michael
Published: July 2022

Reading, interpreting and crawling along gradients of chemotactic cues is one of the most complex questions in cell biology. In this issue, Georgantzoglou et al. (2022. J. Cell. Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202103207) use in vivo models to map the temporal sequence of how neutrophils respond to an acutely arising gradient of chemoattractant.
The irreducible mass and the horizon area of LIGO’s black holes
Authors: Gerosa Davide , Fabbri Cecilia Maria , Sperhake Ulrich
Published: July 2022

The mass of a Kerr black hole (BH) can be separated into irreducible and rotational components—the former is a lower limit to the energy that cannot be possibly extracted from the event horizon and is related to its area. Here we compute the irreducible masses of the stellar-mass BHs observed by gravitational-wave interferometers LIGO and Virgo. Using single-event data, we present a re-parameterization of the posterior distribution that explicitly highlights the irreducible and rotational contributions to the total energy. We exploit the area law to rank the black-hole mergers observed to date according to their irreversibility, thus providing a guide to selecting events for targeted tests of general relativity. Using population fits, we compute the rate by which the total area of black-hole horizons increases due to the observable mergers.
Many-particle covalency, ionicity, and atomicity revisited for a few simple example molecules
Authors: Hendzel Maciej , Fidrysiak Maciej , Spałek Józef
Published: July 2022

We analyze two-particle binding factors of H2, LiH, and HeH+ molecules/ions with the help of our original exact diagonalization ab initio approach. The interelectronic correlations are taken into account rigorously within the second quantization scheme for restricted basis of renormalized single-particle wave functions, i.e., with their size readjusted in the correlated state. This allows us to determine the many-particle covalency and ionicity factors in a natural and intuitive manner in terms of the microscopic single-particle and interaction parameters, also determined within our method. We discuss the limitations of those basic characteristics and introduce the concept of atomicity, corresponding to the Mott and Hubbard criterion concerning localization threshold in many-particle systems. This addition introduces an atomic ingredient into the electron states and thus removes a spurious behavior of covalency with the increasing interatomic distance, as well as provides a more complete physical interpretation of bonding.
Centimeter-level positioning by instantaneous lidar-aided GNSS ambiguity resolution
Authors: Zhang Junjie , Khodabandeh Amir , Khoshelham Kourosh
Published: July 2022

High-precision vehicle positioning is key to the implementation of modern driving systems in urban environments. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) carrier phase measurements can provide millimeter- to centimeter-level positioning, provided that the integer ambiguities are correctly resolved. Abundant code measurements are often used to facilitate integer ambiguity resolution (IAR); however, they suffer from signal blockage and multipath effects in urban canyons. In this contribution, a light detection and ranging (lidar)-aided instantaneous ambiguity resolution method is proposed. Lidar measurements, in the form of 3D keypoints, are generated by a learning-based point cloud registration method using a pre-built high-definition map and integrated with GNSS observations in a mixed measurement model to produce precise float solutions, which in turn increase the ambiguity success rate. Closed-form expressions of the ambiguity variance matrix and the associated Ambiguity Dilution of Precision (ADOP) are developed to provide a priori evaluation of such lidar-aided ambiguity resolution performance. Both analytical and experimental results show that the proposed method enables successful instantaneous IAR with limited GNSS satellites and frequencies, leading to centimeter-level vehicle positioning.
On the non-chiral intermediate long wave equation: II. Periodic case
Authors: Berntson Bjorn K , Langmann Edwin , Lenells Jonatan
Published: July 2022

We study integrability properties of the non-chiral intermediate long wave (ncILW) equation with periodic boundary conditions. The ncILW equation was recently introduced by the authors as a parity-invariant relative of the intermediate long wave equation. For this new equation we: (a) derive a Lax pair, (b) derive a Hirota bilinear form, (c) use the Hirota method to construct a family of exact periodic wave solutions, (d) derive a Bäcklund transformation, (e) use the Bäcklund transformation to obtain an infinite number of conservation laws.
Estimation of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity from finger photoplethysmography signal
Authors: Gentilin Alessandro , Tarperi Cantor , Cevese Antonio , Mattioli Anna Vittoria , Schena Federico
Published: July 2022

Objective. This project compared a new method to estimate the carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) to the gold-standard cf-PWV technique. Approach. The cf-PWV was estimated from the pulse transit time (FPS-PTT) calculated by processing the finger photoplethysmographic signal of Finapres (FPS) and subject’s height only (brief mode) as well as along with other variables (age, heart rate, arterial pressure, weight; complete mode). Doppler ultrasound cf-PWVs and FPS-PTTs were measured in 90 participants equally divided into 3 groups (18–30; 31–59; 60–79 years). Predictions were performed using multiple linear regressions (MLR) and with the best regression model identified by using MATLAB Regression Learner App. A validation set approach (60 training datasets, 30 testing datasets; VSA) and leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) were used. Main results. With MLR, the discrepancies were: 0.01 ± 1.21 m s−1 (VSA) and 0.001 ± 1.11 m s−1 (LOOCV) in brief mode; −0.02 ± 0.83 m s−1 (VSA) and 0.001 ± 0.84 m s−1 (LOOCV) in complete mode. Using a linear support vector machine model (SVM) in brief mode, the discrepancies were: 0.01 ± 1.19 m s−1 (VSA) and −0.01 ± 1.06 m s−1 (LOOCV). Using an Exponential Gaussian process regression model (GPR) in complete mode, the discrepancies were: −0.03 ± 0.79 m s−1 (VSA) and 0.01 ± 0.75 m s−1 (LOOCV). Significance. The cf-PWV can be estimated by processing the FPS-PTT and subjects’ height only, but the inclusion of other variables improves the prediction performance. Predictions through MLR qualify as acceptable in both brief and complete modes. Predictions via linear SVM in brief mode improve but still qualify as acceptable. Interestingly, predictions through Exponential GPR in complete mode improve and qualify as excellent.
Two types of helical-core equilibrium states in tokamak plasmas
Authors: Kawagoe S , Ishizawa A , Aiba N , Nakamura Y
Published: July 2022

Helical distortion in the core region and its formation mechanism in weakly reversed magnetic shear tokamak plasmas are investigated using three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equilibrium calculations and MHD stability analysis. It is found that there are two different types of helical equilibrium states: one is a rigid-body shift in the core region on a poloidal cross-section, while the other is a local advection only around the magnetic axis. Linear stability analysis of the corresponding axisymmetric equilibrium is carried to understand the origin of these two types of helical equilibrium states. The analysis shows that the former is related to the current-driven internal-kink instability, while the latter is linked to the pressure-driven quasi-interchange instability. The kink-mode-driven helical equilibrium state appears when the minimum value of the safety factor

q

m
i
n

is close to unity, while the quasi-interchange-driven helical equilibrium state appears when

q

m
i
n

is below unity. The appearance of the quasi-interchange state is attributed to the weak magnetic shear at the inner

q
=
1

rational surface and finite β.
Normalizing flows for likelihood-free inference with fusion simulations
Authors: Furia C S , Churchill R M
Published: July 2022

Fluid-based scrape-off layer transport codes, such as UEDGE, are heavily utilized in tokamak analysis and design, but typically require user-specified anomalous transport coefficients to match experiments. Determining the uniqueness of these parameters and the uncertainties in them to match experiments can provide valuable insights to fusion scientists. We leverage recent work in the area of likelihood-free inference (‘simulation-based inference’) to train a neural network, which enables accurate statistical inference of the anomalous transport coefficients given experimental plasma profile input. UEDGE is treated as a black-box simulator and runs multiple times with anomalous transport coefficients sampled from priors, and the neural network is trained on these simulations to emulate the posterior. The neural network is trained as a normalizing flow model for density estimation, allowing it to accurately represent complicated, high-dimensional distribution functions. With a fixed simulation budget, we compare a single-round procedure to a multi-round approach that guides the training simulations toward a specific target observation. We discuss the future possibilities for use of amortized models, which train on a wide range of simulations and enable fast statistical inference for results during experiments.
The influence of water and ethanol adsorption on the optical blinking in InGaN quantum wells
Authors: Yoshida Shunra , Fujii Yusuke , Alfieri Giovanni , Micheletto Ruggero
Published: July 2022

We studied the adsorption of liquids over the surface of InGaN quantum well based wide band-gap devices and found that the immersion in certain liquids has noticeable effects on the optical blinking phenomena. We used two samples with different indium concentrations, emitting on the green and blue range, and immersed them while under direct illumination with 365 nm ultraviolet light. We found that especially water and ethanol provoked evident optical variations compared to observation in air. While blinking spots can be observed irrespective of the In concentration, their contrast and luminosity increased for samples with the emission in the 510 nm range, rather than for those in the 460 nm. Based on these results, we put forward the hypothesis that the presence of liquids induces the formation of radiative centers, possibly complexes related to intrinsic defects binding with adsorbed impurities, such hydrogen or oxygen.
Stacked ferroelectric heterojunction tunnel field effect transistor on a buried oxide substrate for enhanced electrical performance
*
Authors: Gopal Girdhar , Garg Heerak , Agrawal Harshit , Varma Tarun
Published: July 2022

The device behavior of a stacked ferroelectric heterojunction tunnel field effect transistor (Fe-HTFET) on a buried oxide substrate is investigated in this paper. Si-doped HfO2 was taken as the ferroelectric material over an oxide layer (gate dielectric) in a stacked gate configuration. A higher drive current and reduced subthreshold swing (SS) may be achieved using Si-doped HfO2 that amplifies the gate bias. The effect of various electrical parameters has been investigated by changing the geometric dimensions of the proposed device. The dimensional parameters have been optimized after extensive simulations. The proposed Fe-HTFET simulations and results show that this structure boosts performance significantly and could be considered a good candidate for ultra-low-power applications. To investigate the performance of the proposed Fe-HTFET, two-dimensional simulations have been done using the Sentaurus technology computer-aided design tool.
A defect detection method for topological phononic materials based on few-shot learning
Authors: Zhang Beini , Luo Xiao , Lyu Yetao , Wu Xiaoxiao , Wen Weijia
Published: July 2022

Topological phononic materials have been widely used in many fields, such as topological antennas, asymmetric waveguides, and noise insulation. However, due to the limitations of the manufacturing process, topological protection is vulnerable to some severe defects that may affect the application effect. Therefore, the quality inspection of topological materials is essential to ensure reliable results. Due to the low contrast and irregularity of defects and the similarity of topological phononics, they are difficult to recognize by traditional image processing algorithms, so manual detection is still mainstream at present. But manual detection requires experienced inspectors, which is expensive and time-consuming. In addition, topological materials are expensive to produce, and there is no large publicly available dataset, but deep learning usually relies on large datasets for training. To solve the above problems, we propose an automatic deep learning topology structure defect detection method (ADLTSDM) in this work, which could classify not only the structure of topological materials but also detect the defects of topological phononics based on a small dataset. ADLTSDM exploits the prior knowledge of the topological material structure and achieves an augmentation factor of more than 100 times through the random and fixed interval screenshot algorithm, thus enabling the training of deep neural networks with only two raw data. For defect detection, ADLTSDM has an accuracy of more than 97% and improves detection speed by more than 38% compared with manual detection. For structure classification, ADLTSDM can achieve an accuracy of over 99% and seven times faster speed compared with manual classification. Besides, the detection standard of ADLTSDM is unified, so the accuracy will not be affected by the experience of the inspectors, which has more potential in high-throughput industrial applications.
The Cartesian analytical solutions for the N-dimensional compressible Navier–Stokes equations with density-dependent viscosity
Authors: Fan EnGui , Qiao Zhijun , Yuen ManWai
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we prove the existence of general Cartesian vector solutions
u
=
b
(t) + A(t)
x
for the N-dimensional compressible Navier–Stokes equations with density-dependent viscosity, based on the matrix and curve integration theory. Two exact solutions are obtained by solving the reduced systems.
An Integrated MPPT And Inverter 12 VDC to 220 VAC with Current Limiter for Grid Connected Solar Cell System
Authors: Mairizwan M , Anshari Rio , Dewi Wahyuni Satria
Published: July 2022

Research on the integration of current limiters in solar power plants connected to the electricity network with an on grid system. This study aims to regulate the flow capacity of the solar cell source to the load of electronic devices / needs of a house and connect to the national electricity network. The main features of the current limiting integration are: First, it avoids damage caused by excess current flowing; second, cut off in the national electricity network will not affect the flow of power to electronic devices; third, the characteristics of the components and the circuit configuration can be made simpler, which can improve the efficiency of the solar cell generation system. Built-in devices can be controlled simultaneously with easier synchronization. The performance of the developed system produces the power supply needed by electronic devices during the day / when there is sunlight that can continue to be supplied even though there is a power outage from the national electricity source. Thus, the results of simulations and experiments carried out with a prototype system in the laboratory are in accordance with the theoretical analysis.
Perturbations For Coaching Implications: A Preliminary Study on Swinging Arm Coordination Instrument During Tennis Forehand Stroke
Authors: Syahputra Risky , Bakhtiar Syahrial , Rizal Wan , Sujae Ian Harris , Ong Alex
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study was to describe swinging limb joint co-ordination while executing the tennis forehand stroke and to establish the effects of a perturbation on joint co-ordination between players of different skills levels to determine if the intended perturbations are required during training. A total 25 forehand stroke performed by 1 novice and 1 skilled tennis players respectively were captured using a 16-camera high-speed optical camera system at 250hz. Swingling limb joint co-ordination differs between players possibly due to differences in swinging kinematics. When subjected to perturbations, it took a longer time for the novice player to return to normal swinging patterns. Even with perturbations, the skilled player adapted their swinging limb co-ordination to ensure optimal performance outcomes. This strategy is key for coaching implications where including perturbations during training will provide players with the know how to re-adjust their swinging patterns most quickly when performing the next forehand stroke.
Power setting based on load using phase control on conveyor system
Authors: Fitriani Ledyana , Tarigan Kerista , Humaidi Syahrul
Published: July 2022

The advantage of using conveyors that have been successfully designed through this research is in the power settings based on the load’s condition on the conveyor in which we hope that the system performance would be better in terms of electrical power usage. The conveyor’s speed control system used the PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) method, a pulse width setting to supply current for the engine. Inputs come from a Load cell censor that measures the weight together with the motor’s activator. Microcontroller ATMega328 is used as a controller of the system. When the system is activated, the controller will activate the motor activator with the PWM signal based on the load weight The Microcontroller then identifies the load weight and determines the PWM count to set the corresponding power and speed. Through the optocoupler, Microcontroller provides the pulse to control the gate on the TRIAC (Triode for Alternation Current), which acts as a phase controller connected to the induction motor to power the conveyor. The result of this research shows that the heavier the load is, the generated power will correspondingly be higher.
Land Movement Vulnerability in South Padang District Using Geospatial Information System (GIS)
Authors: Maiyudi Riko , Anaperta Yoszi Mingsi , Octova Adree , Awindya Azura
Published: July 2022

Based on data from the Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation in April 2021, South Padang District has the potential for high land movement vulnerability. This is due to the high intensity of rainfall, geological conditions and the area is generally a hilly area. The location of South Padang, especially the Gado-Gado Hill area, is a residential area and a tourist attraction. Therefore, it is necessary to know the potential for land movement vulnerability in the South Padang District to minimize the occurrence of landslides which can result in material and no material losses. Research on land movement vulnerability in South Padang District uses Geospatial Information System (GIS) software with parameters such as rainfall data, earthquakes, land slope, vegetation, soil type, water slope, and rock geology. From this research, the results will be obtained in the form of rainfall maps, earthquake maps, slope maps, vegetation maps, soil maps, slope water maps, geological maps and vulnerability maps in South Padang District. From the results of processing the vulnerability map, the area with low vulnerability is 390.99 ha, middle vulnerability is 528.08 ha and high vulnerability is 274.78 ha.
Optimization of Object Injection Current in the Development of Electrical Impedance Tomography for Bone Fracture Detection
Authors: Kamus Zulhendri , Nofrianto Aldo , Satwika Yokanan Wigar , Ekawati Estiyanti , Kurniadi Deddy
Published: July 2022

Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) nearly has all the parameters of the ideal of a modality tomography. There is one parameter that makes the EIT modality not yet ideal. It is the low spatial resolution of the image. Unfortunately, it is limited in the range of 5 percent to 10 percent of the object diameter. The causal factor is the limited number of measurement data obtained. The focus of research on EIT at now is the development of functional applications. The novel application developed in this research is to detect bone fractures, mainly due to sports injuries. The hardware characteristics are certainly different from other applications. Optimization of the injection current to match the most resistive characteristics of bone compared to all human body tissues has been carried out. The image of bone is reconstructed using the adjacent method of data collection and the Newton-Raphson iterative algorithm with Tikhonov regularization. The optimization results are seen from the high quality and contrast of the reconstructed image for various injection current values. The current injection frequency is selected at 10 kHz. In the results of this research, the injection current that can produce the highest quality and contrast is 0.3 mA.
Digital experimental system of connecting wheel motion with remote laboratory based on website
Authors: Asrizal  , Lorenza Vina , Yohandri
Published: July 2022

The motion of the connecting wheels is an interesting phenomenon in physics because it is found in everyday life. This connecting wheel motion experiment should be carried out in physics learning. However, this experiment was rarely carried out due to the unavailability of equipment and the covid-19 pandemic. The solution to the problem is to design a connecting wheel motion experiment system with remote laboratory based on website. Remote laboratory is software to support experimental activities through long distance. The objective of this research was to investigate the accuracy and reliability of stepper motor speed controller and a connecting wheel motion experimental system with remote laboratory. This research can be classified into engineering research. From the results of data analysis can be stated the three results of this research. First, the performance specification of the associated connecting wheel motion tool consist of a length of 54 cm, a width of 43 cm, and a height of 21 cm. Second, the average value of accuracy and of stepper motor speed controller are 99.33% and 99.08%, respectively. Third, the accuracy value for linear velocity is 99.16% for angular velocity is 99.68%. These accurate values can be classified into high category.
Development of Online Learning Tools for Elasticity Materials Using the 7E Learning Model in Class XI Senior High School
Authors: Nasbey Hadi , Serevina Vina , Rokhimah Maulida , Purwani Bety
Published: July 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has an impact on the education sector. Educators must ensure learning activities continue. The solution is that educators must design learning devices with innovative learning models. The 7E learning model consists of 7 stages, namely: elicitation, engagement, exploration, explanation, elaboration, evaluation, and extension. This study aims to produce independent learning tools for online learning to support distance learning programs. This type of research is Research and Development and was developed using the ADDIE model which consists of five stages, namely: (1) Analysis, (2) Design, (3) Development. (4) Implementation, and (5) Evaluation. The results of the research are in the form of independent learning lesson plans with online interactive learning using the 7E learning model. This product has been validated and is suitable for use as an alternative media for learning physics in schools with the validation results of 81.6 from material experts, media experts give an average score of 87.1% and learning experts give an average score of 86.7 %.
The Development of an Interactive Learning Module in The Topic of Transistor and Its Usability among Physics Trainee Teachers
Authors: Adnan Siti Nadia , Omar Al-Zuhairi , Mohtar Lilia Ellany
Published: July 2022

The paper demonstrates the development of an interactive learning module in the topic of transistor and its usability among physics trainee teachers at one of the public universities in Malaysia. The research design was a developmental research using the ADDIE module and the developed module portrayed a high percentage value of expert agreement of 89.57% for face validity and 91.67% for content validity. The sample was 40 Physics trainee teachers from six-eight semesters. The instrument was a questionnaire, which was adapted from a standardized instrument to obtain the level of its usability. The findings portrayed that the module was useful (mean = 3.90 and standard deviation = 0.19), easy to use (mean = 3.91 and standard deviation = 0.17) and the respondents were satisfied with it (mean = 3.93 and standard deviation = 0.18). In conclusion, the interactive learning module can be used as a teaching aid for teaching the topic of transistor. In the educational implication, students can utilize the interactive learning module to explore and build knowledge simultaneously as it encourages active students’ involvement in line with the constructivist learning theory.
The Effectiveness of Using Quizizz in Fundamental Physics Learning in the Era of the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Henukh Anderias , Made Astra I , Supriyadi  , Reski Andi , Hidayatullah Muhammad Musa Syarif
Published: July 2022

This study describes the effectiveness of using Quizizz in fundamental physics online learning activities regarding learning outcomes and student responses. The research was conducted at Musamus University in the odd semester 2020/2021 academic year. This type of research used a mixed method. The subjects in this study were 59 students who took fundamental physics courses. The instruments used in this study were multiple-choice questions, student response questionnaires, and interview guide sheets. This study indicates that the percentage of students’ complete learning outcomes in fundamental physics courses is 79,24%. In addition, 14.3% of students said they strongly agree that Quizizz is effective in learning, and 85.7% say that they agree. The learning outcomes obtained are also supported by interviews, which state that students are pleased and motivated in participating in fundamental physics learning. Because learning basic physics using Quizizz makes them feel that learning is exciting and increases their interest in listening to basic physics learning materials. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of Quizizz in learning Basic Physics in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic has very high effectiveness.
The importance of e-books in improving students’ skills in physics learning in the 21st century: a literature review
Authors: Sari Silvi Yulia , Rahim Fanny Rahmatina , Sundari Putri Dwi , Aulia Fauzan
Published: July 2022

Along with the development of technology, the education system began to change from face-to-face learning to blended learning. Blended learning uses a combination of print and digital learning media. Most digital learning resources are e-books that replace the function of printed books and the role of the teacher in the classroom. The focus of research in this paper is how e-books can improve student skills in the 21st century. There has been a number of researches related to e-books and their use in high schools. In-depth literature study is needed to get a conclusion on how e-books affect students’ skills, especially after studying Physics. This research provides invaluable insight into how educators were maximizing the use of e-books so as to improve student learning outcomes which in turn impact 21st century skills. These studies describe a lot of data which enables other researchers to understand how teachers use and wish to use e-books. The analysis of these empirical results is used as the basis for developing e-books that have effective content and features that are relevant to e-book literacy.
Effects of STEM-based learning materials on knowledge and literacy of students in science and physics learning: a meta-analysis
Authors: Annisa N , Asrizal  , Festiyed
Published: July 2022

21st century education requires students to have literacy skills, broad insight, manage and solve problems in life. STEM education provides opportunities for teachers to guide students in facing the challenges of 21st century education. For this reason, STEM integrated learning materials are needed, especially in learning science and physics. However, the integration of STEM in learning materials has not been implemented properly in schools. The solution to overcome these problems is to analyse the effect of STEM-based learning materials on literacy and knowledge in science and physics learning. The purpose of this research is to see the effect size of STEM-based learning materials in terms of education level, types of learning materials, literacy, and knowledge. This type of research is meta-analysis. The research data comes from 20 national and international articles, as well as international proceedings. Based on the results of the research, it can be seen that STEM-based Physics learning materials are more effectively used at the high school level with electronic learning materials. The results of data analysis also revealed that STEM-based learning materials have a significant influence on the literacy and knowledge of students.
The Development and Usability of a Homemade Solar Cooker as a Teaching Aid for Learning Thermodynamics
Authors: Sablie Nur Shazirah Binti Jasni , Malik Syed A
Published: July 2022

This study aims to develop a homemade solar cooker to be used in teaching and learning Thermodynamics. The research was based on the Design and Development Research (DDR) approach using the ADDIE model as an instructional design framework. The survey method was used to gather information about the solar cooker usability. The sampling technique used in this study is a simple random sampling that involved 30 respondents consisting of physics trainee teachers who had taken the Thermodynamics course. The research instrument consisted of validation and survey forms that have been validated by experts (n = 2). The data obtained through survey questionnaires were descriptively analyzed by the mean values and standard deviations (sd). Findings showed that the usability of solar cooker as a teaching aid were high i.e. the usability perception (mean = 4.57, sd = 0.349), usefulness (mean = 4.58, sd = 0.373) and user satisfaction (mean = 4.47, sd = 0.459). The study shows that the solar cooker can be used by students to learn Thermodynamics. It is hoped that the findings of this study will relate to the necessity for teachers to develop homemade products that relate the concepts and theories of Physics with real life.
Development of Physics Learning Interactive Multimedia Integrated with Student Worksheets on the Subject of Vibration for High School Students
Authors: Sunaryo  , Serevina Vina , Khairunisa Salsa Ghina , Hasni Mifta Rizkiana
Published: July 2022

Physics materials about vibration often seem abstract to students. It is necessary to have learning media that can explain vibration concepts to answer the student’s abstractness problem. The learning media application in this study contains competencies, material, sample questions, learning videos, and interactive evaluation questions. This research uses Research and Development method with the development used the ADDIE model with five stages: 1) Analysis, 2) Design, 3) Development, 4) Implementation, and 5) Evaluation. ADDIE model for this development research is carried out only up to the Design stage because the objectives of this research and development are: (1) designing interactive multimedia-based physics learning media; (2) determining the feasibility of designing interactive multimedia-based physics learning media. These worksheets have been valid by two media expert validators, two material expert validators, and one teacher. The average score of the validations is 89.89% with a valid category. These results show that the design of worksheets is valid to be used as an alternative learning media for physics materials about vibration.
The Effect of Active Learning in The Flipped Classroom Learning Model on 6th Grade Science Subjects of Elementary School
Authors: Fahdiran Riser , Serevina Vina , Putra Alfangni Vembrian Maha
Published: July 2022

Using the flipped classroom as an alternative learning model during this pandemic is considered appropriate because this learning model can combine internal learning in the classroom with distance learning at home and also the main goal of maximizing the achievement of learning activity goals. Therefore, this study aims to design a flipped classroom or inverted classroom learning model to be applied on 6th grade Science subject of Elementary School. This type of research is a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent. Control group using post-test to be analyzed. The results of this study are the e-learning media supporting the flipped classroom approach that is validated with a good level of feasibility for use during a pandemic like now, as well as the results of trials The field shows that the flipped classroom approach with e-learning does not improve learning outcomes compared to the constructivist approach without e-learning when the two approaches use an active learning process, the increase in student learning outcomes in the two approaches is the effect of active learning instruction compared to the order of instructor participation in the learning process
Analysis of student’s higher order thinking skill in answering on the physics national exam
Authors: Sari Silvi Yulia , Darvina Yenni , Rahim Fanny Rahmatina , Sundari Putri Dwi , Aulia Fauzan
Published: July 2022

In improving the quality of education, the Indonesian government has made changes to the education curriculum, where the curriculum can increase students’ activeness and high-level thinking which includes Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). This study aims to determine the ability of students in solving physics HOTS questions on the national exam (UN). This research is a descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Based on the results of the study, it is known that students’ competence in answering HOTS problems at the 2018 and 2019 Physics UN is still low. The highest percentage of answering the HOTS physics questions for the 2018 and 2019 national exams was in Mechanics. Meanwhile, the lowest percentage of answering the HOTS physics questions for the 2018 national exam is Electricity, Magnetism and modern Physics, as well as Waves and Optics in the 2019 national exam. The highest percentage of students’ ability in solving HOTS questions is at SMAN 3 Padang, and the lowest percentage is at SMAN 2 Bayang. However, the overall ability of students in solving HOTS UN Physics 2018 and 2019 questions in West Sumatra is in the poor category.
Integration of Laboratory Activities and Contribution to Result of Learning Physics on The Concept of Fluid in High School Physics Learning
Authors: Sharmila  , Putra Amali , Islami Nur , Putra Ahmad Dedi
Published: July 2022

Laboratory activities are must be implemented in high school physics learning so that learning is carried out contextually based on observation. The problem faced in high school physics learning is that the laboratory activities have not been optimally carried out with unsatisfactory learning outcomes. This study aims to determine the effect of integration of laboratory activities on the achievement of high school physics learning outcomes in class XI Adabiah High School Padang. The study was conducted for the concept of fluid in the form of quasy experimental research with the post test control only group design. The sampling technique used is cluster random sampling. The research data were in the form of an understanding of physical concepts which were captured using student worksheet and post test. The results showed that the average value of the experimental class was higher than the value of the control class. The result of regression analysis is 31% contributions of student worksheet to student outcomes from correlation between student worksheet score and post test. In conclusion, there is a significant influence of the application of laboratory activities on student learning outcomes
Experimental Kit on Image Formation by a Lens and Its Usability Perception among Pre-service Teachers
Authors: Kit Lau Jia , Ayop Shahrul Kadri
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to develop a low-cost experimental kit on image formation by a lens and determine its usability perception among pre-service teachers. A standard experiment kit on image formation by a lens in the secondary school syllabus uses an optical bench and a ray box set. The kit might not be available in school due to its cost. Furthermore, the experiment must be handled in a lab with teacher supervision because of electrical safety using the ray box connected to a power supply. Therefore, a low-cost with simple design experimental kit was developed with the same learning outcome as the standard kit. The research design was developmental research using the ADDIE model. The intended kit was successfully developed with an acceptable Content Validity Index of 0.92 from three experts. The usability perception was surveyed using an adapted questionnaire distributed to 26 respondents from an accessible population of pre-service teachers. All constructs of the usability perception were scored more than 4.6 over a scale of 5, indicating the kit was usable. This study implies that the low-cost kit could be implemented in schools with limited instruments in image formation by a lens while achieving the same learning outcome as the standard kit.
Development of Learning Media Using Sketchware on The Topic of New Crescent Moon Observation and Calculation for Undergraduate Students
Authors: Sudarwanto  , Serevina V , Ramadannisa R F , Yumna A
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this research was to develop a learning media in a form of android application using Sketchware for students of Department of Physics Education in State University of Jakarta taking Earth and Space Sciences course. This research used the method of ADDIE model for research and development. This research was done through five stages. On the first stage, questionnaire was issued to the students of Department of Physics Education for needs assessment. The second stage, design of broad guidelines of media content for android application development guidance such as flowchart and storyboard were made. The third stage was the development of prototype and media validation by chosen experts. The next stage was small group testing experiment which involved 15 participants of students, followed up with bigger group testing experiment which involved 40 students as participants. The last stage was evaluation and final product. Based on the results of validating the feasibility of learning media using Sketchware on rukyat and hilal reckoning materials, the application was declared "Very Valid" by material experts, linguists, and media experts, and received a “Very Valid” category response from students.
The Development and Usability of BITADA Kit for Linear Motion Topics among Physics Trainee Teachers
Authors: Rosli Izni Aqilah , Alias Siti Nursaila , Daud Anis Nazihah Mat
Published: July 2022

The objective of this study was to develop a BITADA kit for the Linear Motion topic for secondary school level and to determine its usability from the perspective of Physics trainee teachers. This study uses a developmental research design by applying the ADDIE model. The population of this study was for seventh and eighth semester of Physics education in students from one of the public universities in Malaysia. Forty participants were selected as samples using the simple random sampling technique. Two research instruments were used, namely the expert validation form and usability questionnaire adapted from the USE Questionnaire. The data were collected via Google Form and analyzed descriptively using mean (M) and standard deviation (SD). The findings of this study showed that the expert agreement percentage for face validity and content validity were 96.0% and 98.3%, respectively. Meanwhile, the usability of this BITADA kit is at a high agreement level with a mean score of 4.63. The four constructs that represent usability namely usefulness, ease of use, ease of learning and satisfaction are at a good level with the mean score of 4.68 (SD = 0.345), 4.49 (SD = 0.327), 4.62 (SD = 0.344) and 4.73 (SD = 0.337) respectively. In conclusion, the research has successfully developed a validated BITADA kit that can be used as a teaching and learning kit. For implication, the BITADA kit can also increase student’s motivation to learn the Linear Motion topic in an interesting environment.
Determination of Coastline Changes by Using Geospatial Technology Along the Pantai Kuala Nerus, Terengganu
Authors: Lin Saharuddin , Sahibuddin Muhammad Zamri
Published: July 2022

The phenomenon of coastal erosion is a natural disaster that often occurs every year on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Coastal erosion can be identified through changes in coastlines found in coastal areas. Beaches in the state of Terengganu often face the problem of big waves and strong winds during the monsoon season. Coastal erosion can be identified through changes in coastlines found in coastal areas. The Ruin Monsoon phenomenon which causes tides and violent waves as high as almost four meters has eroded the land little by little over the past few decades. This study aims to determine the coastline change from 2016 until 2020 by using geospatial technology at Pantai Kuala Nerus, Terengganu. Furthermore, this study has three objectives to achieve. The first objective is to identify the coastline by using multispectral satellite imagery. The second objective is to analyze the rate of erosion and accretion along Pantai Kuala Nerus. The third objective is to determine the category of Pantai Kuala Nerus coastline according to the Malaysia National Coast Erosion Study (NCES) guidelines. The study concludes almost all erosion area in Pantai Kuala Nerus is included in critical and high erosion rate.
Microscale thermophoresis as a powerful growing analytical technique for the investigation of biomolecular interaction and the determination of binding parameters
Authors: El Deeb Sami , Al-Harrasi Ahmed , Khan Ajmal , Al-Broumi Mohammed , Al-Thani Ghanim , Alomairi Mohammed , Elumalai Parthasarathy , Sayed Rania Adel , Ibrahim Adel Ehab
Published: July 2022

The in vitro panel of technologies to address biomolecular interactions are in play, however microscale thermophoresis is continuously increasing in use to represent a key player in this arena. This review highlights the usefulness of microscale thermophoresis in the determination of molecular and biomolecular affinity interactions. This work reviews the literature from January 2016 to January 2022 about microscale thermophoresis. It gives a summarized overview about both the state-of the art and the development in the field of microscale thermophoresis. The principle of microscale thermophoresis is also described supported with self-created illustrations. Moreover, some recent advances are mentioned that showing application of the technique in investigating biomolecular interactions in different fields. Finally, advantages as well as drawbacks of the technique in comparison with other competing techniques are summarized.