bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical and technical demands of Australian football: an analysis of maximum ball in play periods
Authors: Wing Christopher , Hart Nicolas H. , Ma’ayah Fadi , Nosaka Kazunori
Published: January 2022

Background

This study compares ball in play (BiP) analyses and both whole game (WG) and quarter averaged data for physical and technical demands of sub-elite Australian football (AF) players competing in the West Australian Football League across playing positions.

Methods

Microsensor data were collected from 33 male AF players in one club over 19 games of the 2019 season. BiP time periods and technical performance data (e.g., kicks) were acquired from the Champion Data timeline of statistics, and time matched to the microsensor data. Linear mixed modelling was utilised to establish differences between maximum BiP periods and averaged data.

Results

The analyses indicated significant differences (p < 0.0001) between maximum BiP and WG data for all metrics and all playing position (half-line, key position, and midfielders). The percentage difference was greatest for very high-speed running (171–178%), accelerations (136–142%), high-intensity efforts (128–139%), and high-speed running (134–147%) compared to PlayerLoad™ (50–56%) and total running distance (56–59%). No significant (p > 0.05) differences were evident for maximum BiP periods when they were compared between playing positions (i.e., half line vs key position vs midfield). Significant (p < 0.0001) differences were also noted between maximum BiP phases and averaged data across all 4 quarters, for each microsensor metric, and all playing positions. Technical actions (e.g., kicks and handballs) were observed in 21–48% of maximum BiP phases, depending on playing positions and microsensor metric assessed, with kicks and handballs constituting > 50% of all actions performed.

Conclusions

These results show the BiP analysis method provides a more accurate assessment of the physical demands and technical actions performed by AF players, which are underestimated when using averaged data. The data presented in this study may be used to inform the design and monitoring of representative practice, ensuring that athletes are prepared for both the physical and technical demands of the most demanding passages of play.
Human amniotic epithelial cell transplantation improves scar remodeling in a rabbit model of acute vocal fold injury: a pilot study
Authors: Tchoukalova Yourka D. , Zacharias Stephanie R. C. , Mitchell Natalie , Madsen Cathy , Myers Cheryl E. , Gadalla Dina , Skinner Jessica , Kopaczka Katarzyna , Gramignoli Roberto , Lott David G.
Published: January 2022

Objective

To gain insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the early stages of vocal fold extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling after a mid-membranous injury resulting from the use of human amniotic epithelial cells (hAEC), as a novel regenerative medicine cell-based therapy.

Methods

Vocal folds of six female, New Zealand White rabbits were bilaterally injured. Three rabbits had immediate bilateral direct injection of 1 × 106 hAEC in 100 µl of saline solution (hAEC) and three with 100 µl of saline solution (controls, CTR). Rabbits were euthanized 6 weeks after injury. Proteomic analyses (in-gel trypsin protein digestion, LC–MS/MS, protein identification using Proteome Discoverer and the Uniprot Oryctolagus cuniculus (Rabbit) proteome) and histological analyses were performed.

Results

hAEC treatment significantly increased the expression of ECM proteins, elastin microfibril interface-located protein 1 (EMILIN-1) and myocilin that are primarily involved in elastogenesis of blood vessels and granulation tissue. A reactome pathway analysis showed increased activity of the anchoring fibril formation by collagen I and laminin, providing mechanical stability and activation of cell signaling pathways regulating cell function. hAEC increased the abundance of keratin 1 indicating accelerated induction of the differentiation programming of the basal epithelial cells and, thereby, improved barrier function. Lastly, upregulation of Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor indicates that hAEC activate the vesicle endocytic and exocytic pathways, supporting the exosome-mediated activation of cell–matrix and cell-to-cell interactions.

Conclusions

This pilot study suggests that injection of hAEC into an injured rabbit vocal fold favorably alters ECM composition creating a microenvironment that accelerates differentiation of regenerated epithelium and promotes stabilization of new blood vessels indicative of accelerated and improved repair.
Does microfinance program innovation reduce income inequality? Cross-country and panel data analysis
Authors: Miled Kamel Bel Hadj , Younsi Moheddine , Landolsi Monia
Published: January 2022

This paper uses cross-country and panel data set to test the significance of microfinance on income inequality reduction at the macro level for a sample of 57 developing countries for the periods 2000–2006 and 2007–2013. This study adopts panel data methodologies, such as ordinary least square (OLS), pooled ordinary least square (POLS) and instrumental variables (IV) estimations to overcome the endogeneity problems among the variables. Empirical results show that countries with higher MFIs’ gross loan portfolio per capita tend to have lower income inequality, which confirm the beneficial outcome of microfinance in reducing inequality at the macro level. Moreover, our results suggest that microfinance loans can lead to improve the relative income position of the poor in developing countries, albeit slowly. Our findings have relevant recommendations to policymakers, as they could generate suitable strategies to consider microfinance institutions as a more popular tool for fighting against both poverty and inequality.
The construct and predictive validity testing of Indonesian entrepreneurial competence inventory-situational judgment test model
Authors: Riyanti Benedicta Prihatin Dwi , Suryani Angela Oktavia , Sandroto Christine Winstinindah , Soeharso Silverius Y.
Published: January 2022

This research aimed to test the internal and external validity of the Indonesian Entrepreneurial Competence Inventory constructed based on the situational judgment test (SJT) model. Spencer's entrepreneurial competence theory and interviews with entrepreneurs were employed to build the items. The internal construct validity was tested by applying confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). In contrast, the external construct validity was tested by implementing correlations with other tests that were theoretically correlated with entrepreneurial competency, namely, the previous entrepreneurial competence (Likert-scale model) and risk behavior. The predictive validity was analyzed using correlation testing with an instrument assessing balanced scorecard measurement of entrepreneurial achievement. A sample of 149 entrepreneurs from industrial cities in Indonesia was recruited via convenience sampling. The CFA analyses showed that nine dimensions of the Indonesian Entrepreneurial Competencies Inventory were valid. In the correlation testing with risk-taking behavior and business success, all dimensions were significantly valid, except the see and act on opportunity dimension. However, in the correlation with the previous entrepreneurial competence scale, a significant correlation was found only with a commitment to work. In further analysis, the correlation between dimensions of the current inventory and dimensions of the previous scale showed significant correlations between the competence of seeing opportunity and commitment to work, assertiveness, and persuasion. The impact to the future research and practice application were discussed.
Social innovation based on collaboration between government and non-governmental organizations in COVID-19 crisis: evidence from Iran
Authors: Moeenian Mehrnaz , Khamseh Abbas , Ghazavi Maziyar
Published: January 2022

Background

One of the effective ways to attract social collaboration to provide effective, prompt, and coordinated interventions in emergencies is through social innovation. The present study seeks to identify the factors affecting the implementation of the social innovation plan based on the collaboration between government and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) for saving people’s lives in crises. The initial idea of this research was obtained from the best practice “Every Home Is a Health Base” which was implemented in Iran.

Methods

The Grounded Theory strategy has been used in this study. The statistical population of the study is health experts from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran. The study time span is during the first half of 2020. Exploratory analysis was used to identify the factors of social innovation. By selecting and reviewing 68 research in-depth, the initial framework was prepared. Then, through a semi-structured interview with experts, the framework was adapted and reviewed. Based on the analysis of the collected data, 39 open codes were extracted and the factors affecting the implementation of the social innovation were identified.

Results

The eight axis codes as the factors affecting the implementation of the social innovation plan based on the collaboration between government and NGOs are as follows: Paying attention to the components of the NGOs collaboration effectiveness, investment to attract NGOs collaboration, the ability to manage the implementation, the ability of networking, the ability of policymaking, providing the necessary cultural and educational infrastructure; Existence of capable legal organizations to solve the executive problems of the plan and facilitate coordination, and controlling, containing and reducing the effects of the crisis, as consequences.

Conclusions

Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic have shown the world that the current governmental and social structures are not efficient enough to respond quickly to the emergence of global challenges. Social innovation is a solution to this problem. The findings of this study also confirm this and identify the factors affecting the implementation of the social innovation plan based on collaboration between governments and NGOs in crises. The results of this research give governments and policymakers an efficient solution by involving NGOs, especially in times of widespread crises. Also, they can be used in planning for social development.
The relevance of breast motions and gaits in running exercises
Authors: Zhou Jie , Mao Qian , Zhang Jun , Lau Newman M. L. , Chen Jianming
Published: January 2022

The control of breast motions is a critical indicator to evaluate the comfort and function of sports bras. If the breast motions can be predicted based on the gait parameters detected by wearable sensors, it will more economical and convenient to evaluate the bras. Thirteen unmarried Chinese females with a breast cup of 75B were recruited in this study to investigate the regularity of breast motions and the relevance between breast motions and gaits during running exercises. The breast motion indicator is the distance alteration of breast regions. The gaits were described by the rotation angles of the hip, knee, ankle joints, and the foot height off the ground. Firstly, the Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis H test were utilized to analyze the motion diversity among the eight breast regions. Then, the gray correlation analysis was applied to explore the relevance between breast motions and gaits. Finally, the back-propagation neural network, the genetic algorithm, and the particle swarm optimization algorithm were utilized to construct the prediction models for breast motions based on gait parameters. The results demonstrate that the same breast regions on the bilateral breasts and the different breast regions on the ipsilateral breasts present a significant motion diversity. There is a moderate correlation between breast motions and gait parameters, and the back-propagation neural network optimized by the particle swarm optimization algorithm performs better in breast motion prediction, which has a coefficient of determination of 84.58% and a mean absolute error of 0.2108.
An application of PRECIS-2 to evaluate trial design in a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial of a community-based smoking cessation intervention for women living in disadvantaged areas of Ireland
Authors: Darker Catherine , Loudon Kirsty , O’Connell Nicola , Castello Stefania , Burke Emma , Vance Joanne , Reynolds Caitriona , Buggy Aine , Dougall Nadine , Williams Pauline , Dobbie Fiona , Bauld Linda , Hayes Catherine B.
Published: January 2022

Background

“We Can Quit2” (WCQ2) was a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial with an embedded process evaluation assessing the feasibility and acceptability of ‘We Can Quit’ (WCQ, a peer-delivered community-based stop-smoking programme for women in disadvantaged communities. The control group comprised ‘enhanced usual care’ offered by the Irish Health Service Executive (HSE). The PRagmatic Explanatory Continuum Indicator Summary (PRECIS-2) is a tool to assess whether a trial design is more explanatory (working under ideal conditions) or pragmatic (working under ‘real-world’ conditions). The aim of this paper was to retrospectively evaluate the WCQ2 pilot trial using PRECIS-2 to inform the decision-making process on progression to a future definitive trial (DT).

Methods

The WCQ2 trial protocol and HSE standard stop-smoking service were described across the nine PRECIS-2 domains: eligibility, recruitment, setting, organisation, flexibility-delivery, flexibility-adherence, follow-up and primary outcome. Team members scored the domains as pragmatic or explanatory for each arm in a half-day workshop.

Results

Seven team members (practitioners and researchers) assessed the overall trial design as more explanatory than pragmatic. Important differences emerged between the two arms. WCQ targeted adult women from disadvantaged communities whereas HSE run a limited enhanced service for all quitters. Trial recruitment was challenging, intense efforts were needed as the trial proceeded. WCQ was delivered in a non-clinical community setting, HSE services in a clinical setting. WCQ organisation was co-designed with community partners and comprises peer-to-peer group support delivered by trained lay community facilitators, whereas HSE one-to-one support is delivered by Smoking Cessation Officers with a clinical background. Only WCQ allowed flexibility in delivery and adherence. Follow-up was more intensive in WCQ. Greater efforts to improve participant retention will be required in a future DT.

Conclusions

PRECIS-2 allowed the reflection of practitioners and researchers on similarities and differences between intervention and control arms. Results will inform the decision on progression to an effectiveness DT, which will require more a pragmatic and less explanatory design. This novel use of PRECIS-2 to retrospectively evaluate a complex community-based pilot trial in advance of a full DT will also support learning for those undertaking hybrid trials of implementation and effectiveness.

Trial registration

This trial is registered with the ISRCTN registry (No. 74721694).
Efficacy of point-of-care thromboelastography 6s to evaluate platelet function in a patient with pseudothrombocytopenia undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass: a case report
Authors: Chiba Yoshihiko , Otsuka Yuji , Lefor Alan Kawarai , Sanui Masamitsu
Published: January 2022

Background

Pseudothrombocytopenia is a phenomenon caused by in vitro platelet aggregation induced by anticoagulants contained in blood sampling tubes. Thromboelastography (TEG) 6s is a common point-of-care viscoelastic test to assess intraoperative coagulation status, which may reduce the need for blood transfusions. The reliability and usefulness of TEG6s for patients with pseudothrombocytopenia has not been established.

Case presentation

We present a patient with pseudothrombocytopenia, who underwent suprarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm repair under cardiopulmonary bypass. At the beginning of surgery, TEG6s with citrated blood sampling showed that the results were unaffected by the disease. After completion of the aortic repair and the administration of protamine, maximum amplitude of TEG6s and adequate hemostasis were achieved without platelet transfusions, while standard laboratory tests showed thrombocytopenia.

Conclusions

In the present patient who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass, TEG6s may have contributed to a reliable and useful assessment of coagulation and hemostatic status avoiding unnecessary platelet transfusions.
Acquired hemophilia A (AHA): underreported, underdiagnosed, undertreated medical condition
Authors: El Demerdash Doaa M. , Ayad Alia , Tawfik Noha
Published: January 2022

Background

Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a rare acquired bleeding disorder occurred due to the formation of inhibitory antibodies neutralizing endogenous factor VIII.

Main body

About half the cases are idiopathic. Symptoms include severe and unexpected bleeding that could be life-threatening. High index of suspicion should be raised when unexplained subcutaneous or post-surgical bleeding with isolated prolonged APTT.

Conclusions

Acquired hemophilia A is a rare underdiagnosed underreported acquired hemostatic disorder that presents with sudden usually life-threatening bleeding; it is crucial to raise awareness and suspicion index of clinicians for early diagnosis and treatment to avoid morbidity and mortality.
A comparative study between rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis regarding association of insomnia with disease status
Authors: Fawzy Rasha M. , Abdel-Monem Samia M. , El-Brashi Abdel-Wahab S. , Mohamed Asmaa A.
Published: January 2022

Background

Sleep disturbance is closely related to inflammation and pain. Good sleep quality is essential for patients’ psychological and physical states as well as their quality of life. The aim of this study was to detect how insomnia as a major sleep disturbance could add to the disease burden in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis patients (OA) and to determine the predictor parameters in each of them in order to orient the rheumatologist to this unnoticed symptom that could adversely affect the patients’ life. This study included: 20 RA patients, 20 primary knee OA patients together with 20 healthy controls. RA disease activity was assessed by the disease activity score (DAS-28). All participants were assessed for sleep disturbances by the Athens Insomnia Scale, quality of life (QoL) using the short form QoL (SF-36 QoL) scale, depression by the Beck depression inventory (BDI), and functional disability by the Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI). OA patients were assessed by the Knee OA Flare Up Score (KOFUS) and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC). Radiological evaluation for RA patients was done by the Simple Erosion Narrowing Score, while the Kellgren and Lawrence (K-L) radiological grading system was used for OA patients.

Results

Insomnia was found in 75% of the studied RA patients, 25% of the studied OA patients and none of the healthy control with significant difference (P < 0.001). Significant correlations of the insomnia scale with the number of tender and swollen joints (r = 0.66, 0.76 respectively and p = 0.001 both), DAS-28 (r = 0.71, P < 0.001), anti-CCP antibodies titre (r = 0.53, p = 0.02) and the BDI (r = 0.65, p = 0.002) among RA patients were found. Correlations among OA patients occurred with morning stiffness duration (r = 0.69, P = 0.001), number of affected joints (r = 0.81, P = 0.001), the BDI scale (r = 0.51, P = 0.02), the WOMAC index (r = 0.57, P = 0.009), the KOFUS score (r = 0.76, p < 0.001) and the K-L score (r = 0.67, P = 0.001). Linear regression analysis indicated that the predictors for insomnia in RA were DAS-28 and the BDI, while in OA were the number of affected joints and the KOFUS score.

Conclusions

Insomnia is a disease burden especially in RA patients being one of the leading causes of depression and is greatly affected by the disease activity. In general the burden of insomnia is much less in OA except in severe cases with markedly affected joints. Rheumatologists should be aware of this disorder that could affect patients’ health, mood, and functional activity.
Impact of bariatric surgery on depression, anxiety and stress symptoms among patients with morbid obesity: international multicentre study in Poland and Germany
Authors: Paczkowska Anna , Hoffmann Karolina , Raakow Jonas , Pross Matthias , Berghaus Rafael , Michalak Michał , Bryl Wiesław , Marzec Kinga , Kopciuch Dorota , Zaprutko Tomasz , Ratajczak Piotr , Nowakowska Elżbieta , Kus Krzysztof
Published: January 2022

Background

There is a need to investigate how adopting different strategies for treating obesity in different countries in the European Union affects the psychological well-being of patients.

Aims

The aim of this study was to perform a comparative evaluation of psychiatric symptoms (depression, anxiety and stress) in patients undergoing bariatric surgery versus patients receiving conservative treatment for morbid obesity in Poland and Germany.

Method

A multicentre international prospective cohort study with 155 patients who underwent bariatric surgery and 409 patients who received conservative weight reduction treatment. Evaluation of the psychiatric symptoms was carried out for each patient at baseline and after 12 months of active treatment using a standardised Depression Anxiety Stress Scale questionnaire (DASS-21) questionnaire.

Results

After 12 months of active treatment, the level of psychiatric symptoms (depression, anxiety and stress) significantly decreased in both groups of patients: surgically treated versus conservatively treated patients from Poland and also from Germany. The median change in level of psychiatric symptoms among patients from both countries was significantly higher among surgically treated patients compared with conservatively treated patients (Poland P < 0.0001; Germany P < 0.0001). Improvements in the patient's mental health as a consequence of treatment were dependent on the specific strategy for treating obesity adopted in the analysed countries, the percentage of total weight loss and on gender.

Conclusions

The use of bariatric surgery in both Poland and Germany compared with non-surgical treatment for obesity resulted in more measurable benefits in the form of a decrease in psychiatric symptoms (depression, anxiety and stress) and reduction in body weight.
Prospective Surveillance for Breast Cancer–Related Arm Lymphedema: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Rafn Bolette S. , Christensen Jan , Larsen Anders , Bloomquist Kira
Published: January 2022

PURPOSE

The call to integrate prospective surveillance for lymphedema into cancer care pathways is building momentum to enable early intervention and prevent the progression of the condition. We offer a critical evaluation of the literature on prospective surveillance and early management for cancer-related lymphedema and evaluate the effect of such programs in preventing chronic lymphedema (CRD42019137965).

METHODS

Five databases and two registries were searched for randomized controlled trials or observational studies that assessed the incidence or prevalence of lymphedema associated with participation in a prospective surveillance program, published until February 26, 2021. Numbers triggered for early lymphedema management, resolved, and chronic lymphedema were extracted. Pooled relative risk (trials) and pooled rate (cumulative incidence; observational studies) of chronic lymphedema was calculated. Subgroup analyses assessed the effect of study design, length of follow-up, and extent of axillary surgery.

RESULTS

Twenty-three studies were included, of which 21 studies evaluated breast cancer–related arm lymphedema (BCRaL). Participation in prospective surveillance with early management reduced the risk of chronic BCRaL versus usual care (relative risk 0.31; 95% CI, 0.10 to 0.95; two randomized controlled trials; N = 106). The pooled rate of chronic BCRaL was 4% (95% CI, 3 to 6; 15 observational studies; N = 3,545), and 6% (95% CI, 4 to 9) when restricted to participants with axillary lymph node dissection (12 studies; N = 1,527).

CONCLUSION

The findings suggest that participation in prospective surveillance with early management reduces the risk of chronic BCRaL. Only a minority of patients at high risk of lymphedema because of axillary surgery developed chronic lymphedema. More robust research is needed to determine whether prospective surveillance with early management can reduce the risk of chronic lymphedema, particularly among cancer survivors other than breast cancer.
Acute Pulmonary Embolism Caused by Abdominal Pannus Retraction in an Awake Patient in the Operating Room: A Case Report
Authors: Rier Alex S. , Subramani Sudhakar , Ravindranath Sapna , Singhal Arun , Hanada Satoshi
Published: January 2022

We present a 67-year-old woman who was hemodynamically stable with radiographic evidence of saddle pulmonary embolism (PE) in the main pulmonary artery and mobile thrombus in the right heart. Endovascular thrombectomy was scheduled under general anesthesia. Before anesthesia induction, femoral vessel access was planned under local anesthesia in case emergent cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was needed. Immediately after abdominal pannus retraction was applied for better groin access, the patient developed cardiac arrest, and advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) protocol was initiated. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) confirmed acute massive PE. CPB was emergently established. Surgical embolectomy was conducted with successful outcome.
SettingThe Waste Landin Order
Authors: Blevins Jeffrey
Published: January 2022

Are T. S. Eliot’s notes on The Waste Land a scholarly resource or a literary hoax? This oft-repeated question gets to the heart of the poem, which thrives on its allusions, whether seriously or cynically. However, scholars have largely passed over the notes’ (and the poem’s) numberings, despite their complexity and superabundance—a panoply of quantitative relations running alongside the qualitative references. These numberings, with startling frequency, do not compute, which poses a philosophical dilemma greater than arithmetical errors would seem to imply. As a graduate student at Harvard, Eliot took course notes on mathematical logic and number theory that show him grappling again and again with a concept of numerical irrationality, a dilemma that, for him, seems to threaten the coherence of the world itself, the failures of enumeration auguring broader pandemonium. Under the tutelage of Bertrand Russell, Eliot turns to logic in an attempt to discern a coherent system for numbers (and therefore life), but he grows disenchanted with how logic’s paradoxes of self-reference undermines that very possibility. In turn, these paradoxes inform The Waste Land as an irrational subtext, as small miscalculations in the poem and the notes herald impending physical disasters, psychological hazards, and metaphysical perils. In the end, how we count its numbers turns out to have important implications for how we account for The Waste Land’s puzzling and even deadly subjects.
Stupidity, Intellect, and Hierarchy in Lawrence and Huxley
Authors: Parkes Adam
Published: January 2022

Pairing D. H. Lawrence with Aldous Huxley, this essay explores representations of aristocracy—hereditary and intellectual—in British modernism. Lawrence and Huxley often associate aristocracy with stupidity, satirizing the expertise of the expert as well as the intellectual vacancy of the rich and titled. And they satirize each other. But they do not follow Romantic poetry in idealizing the idiot, the simpleton, or figures of social deprivation, Huxley directly targeting Wordsworthian notions of virtuous simplicity in Those Barren Leaves (1925). Dissolving distinctions between rich and poor, high and low, stupid and intelligent, Lawrence and Huxley undo the hierarchicalism with which they are typically identified in modernist studies.
Can temperature-dependent changes in myocardial contractility explain why fish only increase heart rate when exposed to acute warming?
Authors: Gamperl A. Kurt , Thomas Alexander L. , Syme Douglas A.
Published: January 2022

Fish increase heart rate (fH), not stroke volume (VS), when acutely warmed as a way to increase cardiac output (Q). To assess whether aspects of myocardial function may have some basis in determining temperature-dependent cardiac performance, we measured work and power (shortening, lengthening and net) in isolated segments of steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) ventricular muscle at the fish's acclimation temperature (14°C), and at 22°C, when subjected to increased rates of contraction (30–105 min−1, emulating increased fH) and strain amplitude (8–14%, mimicking increased VS). At 22°C, shortening power (indicative of Q) increased in proportion to fH, and the work required to re-lengthen (stretch) the myocardium (fill the heart) was largely independent of fH. In contrast, the increase in shortening power was less than proportional when strain was augmented, and lengthening work approximately doubled when strain was increased. Thus, the derived relationships between fH, strain and myocardial shortening power and lengthening work, suggest that increasing fH would be preferable as a mechanism to increase Q at high temperatures, or in fact may be an unavoidable response given constraints on muscle mechanics as temperatures rise. Interestingly, at 14°C, lengthening work increased substantially at higher fH, and the duration of lengthening (i.e. diastole) became severely constrained when fH was increased. These data suggest that myocardial contraction/twitch kinetics greatly constrain maximal fH at cool temperatures, and may underlie observations that fish elevate VS to an equal or greater extent than fH to meet demands for increased Q at lower temperatures.
Parental coronavirus disease vaccine hesitancy for children in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ali Mohammad , Ahmed Sohel , Bonna Atia Sharmin , Sarkar Abu-sufian , Islam Md. Ariful , Urmi Tania Akter , Proma Tasnuva Samarukh
Published: January 2022

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) requires mass immunization to control the symptoms and global spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Data from developed countries reported a high prevalence of parental COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. However, parental vaccine hesitancy data in countries with low and middle income are scarce. The goal of this study was to assess the prevalence of parental vaccine hesitancy and identify subgroups with higher odds of vaccine hesitancy.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on parents of children aged <18 years from October 10, 2021, to October 31, 2021. Parents aged ≥18 years underwent face-to-face interviews in randomly selected places in Bangladesh using a vaccine hesitancy questionnaire. Predictors were identified using binary logistic regression analysis.

Results: Data from 2633 eligible parents were analyzed. Overall, 42.8% reported COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy for their youngest child. The final model suggested that children's age, parent's age, religion, occupation, monthly household income, permanent address, living location, the status of tobacco use, adherence with the regular government vaccination programs (other than COVID-19), perception about COVID-19 vaccine efficacy among Bangladeshi children, self-vaccination intention, report about family members' illness or death from COVID-19, and perceived COVID-19 threat were the independent predictors of parental vaccine hesitancy.

Conclusions: Vaccine hesitation varied based on sociodemographic characteristics, religion, behavior, and perceived COVID-19 threat. Therefore, interventions focused on addressing vaccine hesitancy among subgroups are warranted.
Towards ethical good practice in cash transfer trials and their evaluation.
Authors: Howard Neil
Published: January 2022

Over the past 20 years, cash transfers have become increasingly widespread within international development and global social policy. Often, their roll out is preceded by a trial or pilot phase aiming to check feasibility and effectiveness. These pilots can involve thousands of people. However, there is limited discussion within the literature (and even less in practice) of how and whether cash transfer trials and the research that they involve can respect ethical standards. This paper represents an initial step towards filling that gap. It does so by reviewing the latest literature pertaining to the ethics of cash transfers and social experimentation. It concludes by advancing a series of proposals that could support cash transfer trials to take place with greater respect for research ethics norms and in the best interests of participants.
Regional dimension of international environmental cooperation: the European Union environmental policy and its relations with its neighbors in the case of Russia
Authors: Zaslavskaya Natalia
Published: January 2022

This article aims to examine factors influencing the development of international environmental cooperation and the roles of particular actors participating in environmental cooperation. In general, the majority of international actors agree with the importance of environmental protection but demonstrate different visions in terms of necessary measures. The final result depends on their capability to find common ground. It is assumed that the EU, with its strong environmental policy, realizes the importance of transborder coordination of environmental measures and tries to promote environmental cooperation. Russia was a serious challenge to the EU in terms of environmental security due to its geographic proximity, its severe environmental problems, and its harmful influence over environmental situation in the EU member states. The EU policy towards Russia demonstrates how the EU promotes environmental cooperation and ensures improvement of the environmental situation in the neighboring states. This paper will answer the following research questions: what factors determine the motivation of international actors participating in environmental cooperation; how the EU environmental traditions and decision-making procedures influence its external environmental activities; and how the EU tries to influence Russian environmental policy.
The Shifting of Marketing Strategy During Pandemic Covid-19: Case Study on PT Summarecon Bekasi
Authors:   Faculty of Administrative Science, Universitas Indonesia, Nugraha Ikhsan , Sakapurnama Eko
Published: January 2022

Abstract. As we know that Covid-19 become the biggest challenge for corporation to perform its business. This study aims to explain the shifting in implementing marketing strategy through social media marketing activities, electronic word of mouth and brand equity and measure the purchase intention of PT Summarecon Bekasi’s followers. The study uses a quantitative approach through survey methods based on purposive and snowball sampling of the population. The number of respondents in this study were 175 of Summarecon Instagram followers that obtained through an online questionnaire. The data obtained were processed using SPSS through descriptive statistical analysis and multiple regression. The results of this study indicate that the relationships held in the research model are significant and mutually influential toward dependent variable. Overall, PT Summarecon Bekasi is expected to upgrade its marketing content through social media which is more interesting to gain purchase intention of consumers towards Summarecon Bekasi property. Keywords: Social Media Marketing Activities, Electronic Word of Mouth, Brand Equity, Purchase Intention
Relationship of Covid-19 Pandemic on Performance and Internal Operation of The Airline
Authors:   Management, Universitas Indonesia Indonesia, Iskandar Dadan , Arviansyah Arviansyah
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Air transport business is challenged to oversee their performance and operations to preserve their business presence within the COVID-19 widespread. It is fundamental to distinguish the suitable performance and operation and their relationship with the pandemic. In this way, we used the indicators to employ a systematic literature review and experts’ point of view to select and group suitable indicators to address the literature gap. Twenty performance and internal operations indicators are identified and redefined from the review. The Delphi method’s result suggests eight indicators categorized in airline performance indicators and seven indicators categorized in internal operation indicators. We investigate the relationship of COVID-19 pandemic on the selected indicators using SmartPLS based on fifty-two weeks performance, and operation report of one of full-service airline started from 08 March 2020 until 28 February 2021. It can be deduced that the COVID-19 pandemic has a significant and negative influence on the airline’s performance. This study fills the gap by synthesizing and creating suitable and comprehensive performance and operation indicators of air transport carriers in a pandemic situation and their relationships. Finally, this study provides an invaluable point for analyzing the air transport carrier industries in a pandemic to maximize performance through profitability and load factors indicators. Keywords: Airline, Pandemic, Performance, Operation
Factors Affecting Personal Knowledge Management Effectiveness: A Case Study of Automotive Sales Officers in Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta
Authors:   Master of Business Administration Program, Parahyangan Catholic University, Bandung Indonesia, Conggo Georgina Afrilia , Sunardi Oki , Widyarini Maria ,   Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Parahyangan Catholic University, Bandung
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Shifting the economy toward a knowledge-based one that requires skilled workers encourages the implementation of personal knowledge management. The automotive industry is closely related to knowledge-based activities and its technological developments require skilled employees. This study aimed to identify factors that can increase the effectiveness of personal knowledge management among sales officers in automotive companies. A survey was distributed to 115 employees at automotive dealers that implemented knowledge management at the head office level but not at their branch offices or dealerships. The studied effectiveness factors included trust, extrinsic rewards, technology application, knowledge sharing, and learning behavior. The collected data passed validity tests, reliability tests, model tests, and hypothesis testing. Thus, data triangulation was conducted via semi-structured interviews. This study found that trust affects knowledge sharing. Moreover, it was found that extrinsic rewards do not affect knowledge sharing and that the application of technology affects learning behavior. Notably, both knowledge sharing and learning behavior were found to affect personal knowledge management effectiveness. Another impactful factor was leadership. Intrinsic rewards make sales officers feel happier and more rewarded for sharing knowledge than financial benefits. Leadership is an aspect that must be considered since good leaders can encourage and create a positive learning environment. Keywords: Extrinsic rewards, knowledge sharing, learning behavior, personal knowledge management, technology use, trust
Dampak Brand Image, Celebrity Endorsement dan E-WOM terhadap Keputusan Pembelian MS Glow For Men di Indonesia
Authors:   Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Telkom, Bandung, Akbar Rizki Fathoni , Arianti Maya
Published: January 2022

Abstract. MS Glow For Men is one of the local skincare products that has received many awards and growing rapidly in Indonesia. However, on the Gamal Men platform, which is a male destination for skin care, sales from this brand are still far behind when compared to its competitors. This is a question considering the many awards that have been achieved. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the independent variables, namely brand image, celebrity endorsement and E-WOM on the dependent variable, namely purchasing decisions. Respondents in this study found 384 consumers of MS Glow For Men. The method used is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) where the data processing uses the SmartPLS application. The resulting value exceeds the t table value of 1,645, where 1,657 on celebrity endorsement, 5,579 on E-WOM and 6639 on brand image. These results prove that all independent variables have a significant positive impact on the dependent variable. Keywords: Celebrity endorsement, ewom, brand image, purchase decision, SEM.
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in diffuse liver diseases
Authors: Borsukov Aleksey V. , Bueverov Aleksey O. , Tikhankova Anna V.
Published: January 2022

The methods handbook includes a scoring system for qualitative and quantitative criteria of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in diff use liver diseases. Clinical cases of multiparametric ultrasound are given: B-mode + color Doppler techniques of liver vessels + strain elastography (SE) and shear wave elastography (2DSWE) + qualitative and quantitative criteria of CEUS in various nosological forms of diff use liver diseases.
Jubileusze Profesora Andrzeja Bogusławskiego
Authors: Grochowski Maciej
Published: January 2022

Artykuł powstał z okazji dziewięćdziesiątej rocznicy urodzin Profesora Andrzeja Bogusławskiego oraz siedemdziesiątej rocznicy jego zatrudnienia na Uniwersytecie Warszawskim i opublikowania pierwszych artykułów. Autor przedstawia curriculum vitae uczonego i jego wybitne osiągnięcia w teorii i filozofii języka, historii i metodologii językoznawstwa. Autor uzasadnia również tezę, że Andrzej Bogusławski jest twórcą polskiej szkoły językoznawczej w zakresie metodologii semantyki.Andrzej Bogusławski (ur. 1931, w Warszawie) studiował filologię słowiańską na Uniwersytecie Warszawskim, uzyskując tytuł magistra w 1953 roku. W 1951 roku został zatrudniony jako zastępca asystenta na UW, gdzie pracuje nadal; od 1972 roku w Katedrze Lingwistyki Formalnej. Stopień doktora uzyskał w 1960 roku, a doktora habilitowanego w 1966 roku. W 1977 roku został profesorem nadzwyczajnym, a w 1989 profesorem zwyczajnym. Trzykrotnie pracował jako profesor gościnny na uniwersytetach niemieckich, w Regensburgu, Tybindze i Monachium. Prof. Bogusławski jest autorem około 500 publikacji, w tym ponad 20 książek. Jest doktorem honoris causa Uniwersytetu Karola Ossietzky’ego w Oldenburgu (1999) oraz Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu (2012). Jest członkiem czynnym Polskiej Akademii Umiejętności, członkiem zwyczajnym Towarzystwa Naukowego Warszawskiego i członkiem honorowym Polskiego Towarzystwa Językoznawczego.
Gramatyka operacyjna vs gramatyka konstrukcji (na przykładzie quasi-tautologii i powtórzeń)
Authors: Dobaczewski Adam
Published: January 2022

W niniejszym artykule przedmiotem konfrontacji są dwa lingwistyczne podejścia badawcze: tzw. Construction Grammar rozwijana intensywnie w ostatnich latach głównie w językoznawstwie kognitywnym i reprezentowana przez licznych badaczy lingwistyki polskiej, europejskiej, a także światowej oraz mniej znana, autorska propozycja metodologiczna Andrzeja Bogusławskiego (tzw. Operational Grammar, po raz pierwszy wyłożona w artykule z 1978 roku). Na przykładzie opisu wybranych typów konstrukcji powtórzeniowych polszczyzny i kilku innych języków pokazano istotne różnice w efektach zastosowania obu podejść badawczych. Główną tezą jest diagnoza, że w przeciwieństwie do modnej i chętnie uprawianej gramatyki konstrukcji propozycja metodologiczna polskiego lingwisty oparta na zasadniczej idei proporcjonalności w języku daje narzędzia umożliwiające efektywne rozróżnianie w obrębie konstrukcji powtórzeniowych 1) rzeczywistych jednostek operacyjnych danego języka; 2) przewidywalnych i zrozumiałych na ogólnych zasadach konstrukcji z tautologicznie wypełnianymi pozycjami przewidzianymi zasadniczo dla elementów różnych oraz 3) powtórzeń będących wynikiem ogólniejszych, być może ponadjęzykowych reguł działania mownego. Pomimo rozmaitości wielu nurtów gramatyki konstrukcji, wydaje się, że nie dostarcza ona narzędzi pozwalających na właściwe oddzielenie tych trzech różnych co do istoty typów zjawisk tekstowych (a w każdym razie nie wskazuje na to pozostająca pod wpływem CG praktyka badań nad powtórzeniami).
Elicitability of Instance and Object Ranking
Authors: Werner Tino
Published: January 2022

Assessing the quality of a forecasting model crucially depends on a proper scoring rule or suitable loss function. As for point forecasts, the existence of a strictly consistent loss function that allows for a fair comparison of competing forecast models has to be guaranteed, which means that the corresponding statistical functional has to be elicitable. We consider instance and object ranking problems that intend to correctly predict the ordering of instances in a data set. A ranking prediction is naturally identified with a point forecast in the respective symmetric group, that is, the forecaster predicts one single permutation of the row indices. We show that, in the presence of ties, this strategy does not allow for strictly consistent scoring functions because of multiple true permutations. Those multiple optima cannot be entirely covered by a single point forecast, which causes all corresponding optima to be minimizers of standard scoring functions that operate on symmetric groups, so these scoring functions are not strictly consistent. As a remedy, we consider accurately accounting for ties. This is done by treating each configuration of clear orderings and ties as an additional category, which induces extended decision spaces with a clearly defined single optimum. Because these decision spaces are still finite, each type of instance ranking problem that we consider in this work and corresponding ranking functional, mapping into a symmetric group, can be identified with a certain classification problem and corresponding classification functional, mapping into one of our extended decision spaces, which is elicitable.