bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROCESS OPTIMIZATION OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM CRUDE COCONUT SEEDS OIL USING CAO/AL2O3 AS HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST
Authors: Usman Jamilu , Abdullahi Hadi Bashar , Idris Buhari , Musa Tanko Umar , Usman Bashar , Baba Ali Jamila , Abubakar Kasimu
Published: May 2020

Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel consisting of the alkyl monoesters of fatty acids from vegetable oils or animal fats. Biodiesel is a promising alternative fuel derived from animal fats or vegetable oil through transesterification with methanol. Base catalyzed transesterification is the most commonly used technique as it is the most economical process. Presently, a lot of heterogeneous catalysts have been formulated that are more effective than the homogeneous catalysts. CaO/Al2O3 was synthesized using incipient wetness impregnation method. The biodiesel was developed and optimized using Box-behnken response surface methodology (RSM) design provided using MINITAP-17 statistical software. The four independent variables considered are: reaction time, methanol to oil ratio, reaction temperature and catalyst concentration. The response chosen was fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yields which were obtained from the reaction. The result from analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a satisfactory result. Moreover, the input variables showed greater significance on the response which are reaction time and temperature base on F and P-value. The statistical models developed for predicting biodiesel yield revealed a significant agreement between the experimental and predicted values (R = 0.9686). An optimum methyl ester yield of 93.29 % was achieved with optimal conditions of methanol/oil molar ratio of 6:1, temperature of 600C, reaction time of 120 min and catalyst concentration of 1.0 wt%. The properties of the biodiesel produced also falls within the range prescribed by ASTM standard
THE EFFECT OF HARDNESS AND TEMPERATURE ON INTERFACIAL TENSION OF INDIVIDUAL AND MIXED SURFACTANT SYSTEM
Authors: MD AKHIR NUR ASYRAF , ABD HAMID AFIF IZWAN , MOHD SAAID ISMAIL , RAMLI ANITA
Published: May 2020

Surfactant flooding is one of the chemical enhanced oil recovery (CEOR) techniques that can be used to improve oil recovery. The surfactant injection reduces the oil-water interfacial tension and mobilizes residual oil towards the producing well. In this paper, the performance of alkyl ether carboxylate (AEC) and calcium lignosulfonate (CLS) in individual and mixed surfactant systems were investigated based on their ability to reduce the interfacial tension through a spinning drop method.   The interfacial tensions of individual and mixed surfactant systems in different brine systems were measured against decane at 25°C and 98°C. The results show that the individual and mixed surfactant systems in 3.5 wt.% NaCl brine has a significant reduction in interfacial tension at 98°C. In contrast, the presence of hardness in 2.5 wt.% NaCl and 1.0 wt.% MgCl2 brine reduces the interfacial tension of the individual AEC surfactant system and mixed surfactant system significantly at 98°C except for the individual CLS system. Meanwhile, the interfacial tension of mixed surfactant system decreases with increasing surfactant concentration in two brine systems and at 98°C. The findings show the significant application of the AEC and CLS surfactant mixture considering the harsh reservoir conditions for the chemical enhanced oil recovery application.
A LIGHTWEIGHT AUTHENTICATION TECHNIQUE FOR SECURE COMMUNICATION OF EDGE/FOG DATA-CENTERS
Authors: Muktar Yahuza  , Yamani Idna Bin Idris  , Ainuddin Wahid Bin Abdul Wahab  , Mahdi A. Musa  , Adamu Abdullahi Garba
Published: May 2020

Edge computing has significantly enhanced the capabilities of cloud computing. Edge data-centres are used for storing data of the end-user devices. Secure communication between the legitimate edge data-centres during the load balancing process has attracted industrial and academic researchers. Recently, Puthal et al. have proposed a technique for authenticating edge datacenters to enable secure load balancing. However, the resource-constraint nature of the edge data-centres is ignored. The scheme is characterized by complex computation and memory intensive cryptographic protocol. It is also vulnerable to key escrow attack because the secret key used for encrypting and decrypting of the communicated messages is been created by the trusted cloud datacenter. Additionally, the key sharing phase of their algorithm is complex. Therefore, to address the highlighted challenges, this paper proposed a lightweight key escrow-less authentication algorithm that will ensure secure communication of resource-constrained edge data-centres during the load balancing process. The security capability of the proposed scheme has been formally evaluated using the automatic cryptographic analytical tool ProVerif. The relatively low computation and communication costs of the proposed scheme compared to the benchmark schemes proved that it is lightweight, thus suitable for resource-constrained edge datacenters.
Representations of the Holocaust in Albanian Secondary School History Textbooks since the Educational Reform of 2004
Authors: Luku Esilda
Published: May 2020

This article examines the extent to and the ways in which the Holocaust is presented in Albanian secondary school history textbooks. It offers a quantitative analysis of the space devoted to the Holocaust in proportion to the textbooks’ overall content and a qualitative content analysis based on the narrative patterns outlined in the UNESCO report The International Status of Education about the Holocaust: A Global Mapping of Textbooks and Curricula. It demonstrates that Albanian textbooks offer scant coverage of the Holocaust, but that some changes regarding the conceptualization, contextualization, and narrative of the Holocaust have been implemented since the curricular reform of 2004.
PERBEDAAN KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS (KPS) SISWA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INQUIRY TRAINING DAN PEMBELAJARAN KONVENSIONAL PADA MATERI POKOK ELASTISITAS DAN HUKUM HOOKE DI SMA
Authors: Rahmatilla Zafira , Tanjung Yul Ifda
Published: May 2020

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya perbedaan Keterampilan Proces Sains (KPS) siswa menggunakan model pembelajaran inquiry training dan pembelajaran konvensional mengenai materi pokok elastisitas dan hukum Hooke di SMA. Jenis Penelitian ini adalah quasi-experiment dengan desain two groups pretest-posttest. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI MIPA SMA Negeri 5 Medan. Sampel diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling yang terdiri dari dua kelompok yaitu kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan tes dan observasi aktivitas KPS siswa. Data dalam penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan pengujian hipotesis uji t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan KPS yang signifikan antara penerapan menggunakan model pembelajaran inquiry training dibandingkan pembelajaran konvensional dengan nilai sig. 0,000 pada taraf signifikan 0,05. Berdasarkan hasil uji N-Gain Score dengan penerapan model pembelajaran inquiry training lebih tinggi dalam meningkatkan KPS siswa sebesar 0,70 dalam kategori tinggi dibandingkan KPS siswa dengan penerapan pembelajaran konvensional sebesar 0,59 dalam kategori sedang. Kata kunci: keterampilan proses sains; model pembelajaran inquiry training. ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the differences in Science Proses Skills (SPS) of students using inquiry training learning model and conventional learning about the subject matter of elasticity and Hooke’s law in High School. This type of research is a quasi-experimental with two groups of pretest-posttest design. The population of this research is all students of class XI MIPA in Public Senior High School 5 Medan. The sample was taken by a purposive sampling technique that consists of two groups, namely an experimental group and a control group. The data collected technique has been done by tests and observations activities SPS student. The data in this research was analyzed a hypothesis-testing t-test. The results showed significant differences in SPS between the application of using inquiry training learning models compared to conventional learning with the value of sig. was 0.000 at the significance of level 0.05. Based on the results of the N-Gain Score test with the application of the inquiry training learning model is higher in increasing SPS of the students by 0.70 in the high category compared to SPS of students with the application of conventional learning by 0.59 in the medium category. Keywords: science process skills; inquiry training learning model.
Pagos por captura de carbono en el mercado voluntario en México: diversidad y complejidad de su aplicación en Chiapas y Oaxaca
Authors: Rontard Benjamin , Reyes Hernández Humberto , Aguilar Robledo Miguel
Published: May 2020

Los proyectos forestales inscritos en el mercado de carbono voluntario en México son instrumentos que se basan en la mercantilización de un servicio ecosistémico y que consisten en la venta de créditos a un precio establecido en el mercado. Este artículo analiza las características de gobernanza de estos proyectos a través del estudio de dos casos representativos en el país, buscando con ello entender los fundamentos que sustentan su aplicación y el marco institucional en el cual evolucionan. El análisis se basó en una revisión bibliográfica sobre el tema de instrumentos de mercado y trabajo de campo en las comunidades donde se aplican los proyectos forestales. Los resultados muestran que los proyectos de captura de carbono en el mercado voluntario representan una forma de gobernanza ambiental emancipada del Estado, basada en el acuerdo de varios actores con papeles específicos, con marcadas diferencias en los esquemas de funcionamiento establecidos en los contratos. Se detectó que el tipo de tenencia de la tierra es una fuente potencial de conflicto en la aplicación de este tipo de proyectos, los cuales dependen además de la capacidad de cooperación de las comunidades donde se emprenden. Tales proyectos integran iniciativas locales para solucionar un problema a escala global a través de la democratización de la gestión ambiental. Sin embargo, su fundamento neoliberal hace que estos proyectos estén en función del mercado y que, paradójicamente, se busque un mecanismo de solución en el mismo lenguaje monetario que ha causado la crisis ambiental.
La diversidad biocultural de frutales en huertos familiares de San Andrés Nicolás Bravo, Malinalco, México
Authors: Guadarrama Martínez Noemi , Chávez Mejía María Cristina , Rubí Arriaga Martín , White Olascoaga Laura
Published: May 2020

Los huertos familiares son relevantes para la conservación de la biodiversidad, la seguridad alimentaria y la dotación de servicios ecosistémicos. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la diversidad biocultural en los huertos familiares de San Andrés Nicolás Bravo. Se estudiaron 98 huertos mediante entrevistas a sus dueños sobre su uso y manejo; se identificó la familia, género y especie de las plantas y frutos cultivados; se calculó su abundancia, riqueza, uso e índice de importancia cultural, y se realizó un análisis de sus componentes principales y de clúster para conocer la diferencia entre los huertos. Se identificaron 48 especies con siete usos, donde destacan el alimenticio, medicinal y el destinado a la venta. Además del conocimiento asociado con las diversas formas de aprovechamiento de los frutos, destaca el valor sentimental atribuido a las plantas y su uso ritual. Las especies más abundantes fueron las de mayor valor cultural, por lo que su multifuncionalidad influye en la riqueza de los huertos y muestra la bioculturalidad de las especies frutales. Se concluye que hay diversidad entre los huertos en cuanto a riqueza, forma biológica, abundancia y superficie dedicada a las especies frutales.
Прижиттєва діагностика інтраміокардіальної геморагії в пацієнтів з інфарктом міокарда зі стійким підйомом сегмента ST: поширеність, зв’язок з функцією ендотелію та значення для розвитку післяінфарктної дилатації лівого шлуночка
Authors: Lutay Ya. M. , Parkhomenko O. M. , Yershova Ye. B. , Irkin O. I. , Kozhukhov S. M. , Stepura A. O. , Bachynskyi O. V. , Bilyi D. O.
Published: May 2020

The aim – to determine the prevalence and major risk factors of intramyocardial hemorrhage (IMH) in timely revascularized patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and to evaluate its importance for the development of postinfarction left ventricular (LV) dilatation.Materials and methods. We examined 24 patients with acute first anterior STEMI, who were admitted in the first six (on average 2.8±1.4) hours from symptoms development. The presence of IMH was assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance examination 3-4 days after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). Echocardiography was performed during the first 24 hours and day 90 after acute MI. LV dilatation was defined as at least 20 % increase of end-diastolic volume at 90 days. Endothelium-dependent flow-mediated brachial artery dilatation (FMD) was measured using high-resolution ultrasound at admission.Results and discussion. More than a third (37.5 %) of patients with anterior STEMI who underwent pPCI had signs of IMH. Hemorrhagic transformation of acute myocardial infarction was more often manifested in patients who were prescribed enoxaparin at the prehospital stage (RR = 3.75; 95 % CI 1.47–9.56) and less often in patients with multivessel (≥ 3) coronary artery disease (RR = 0.21; 95 % CI 0.03–1.00). There is a tendency to a more frequent detection of IMH in patients with endothelial dysfunction. Impaired reactive hyperemia (FMD ≤ 4.9 %) was associated with IMH development (RR 3.5; 95 % CI 0.9–13.5). The patients with IMH had a greater extent of myocardial damage according to CK-MB AUC and LGE at MRI and a more frequent development of postinfarction LV dilatation (RR 5.0; 95 % CI 1.3–19.7). The addition of intravenous quercetin started before pPCI to the standard basic treatment of acute myocardial infarction was associated with a significant decrease in the probability of hemorrhagic transformation (RR 0.21; 95 % CI 0.03–1.00).Conclusions. Pre-hospital administration of enoxaparin and endothelial dysfunction were the main predictors of IMH after pPCI in STEMI patients, whereas it was detected much less frequently in patients with multivessel (≥ 3) coronary artery disease. The presence of IMG has been associated with a greater extent of necrotized myocardium and more frequent development of postinfarction dilatation and dysfunction of the LV.
Process Modeling of Bus Services in a Bus Station
Authors: Yunus A.M Shiddiq
Published: May 2020

Modeling is one important parts in designing a product or a service system. It aims to reduce the cost and minimize the improper of early production/service stage that could be ended by high loss of economic value. Process modeling of bus service is required to obtain proper information regarding number of buses required based on the prediction number of passengers and time consumes. This paper is aimed to investigate the very early stage of bus service modeling using Visual Basic Excel Program. The result shows that the model system that using five inclusive sheets programming for covering the main item in the bus service system is sufficient to represent the real condition in the practical condition.
Analisis Kompensasi Daya Reaktif Motor Induksi 3 Fasa Saat Beban Puncak Pada PT. Semen Tonasa Unit 4
Authors: Iksan Yusril , Bakhtiar Bakhtiar , L Ruslan
Published: May 2020

Analisis kompensasi daya reaktif motor induksi 3 fasa saat beban puncak adalah sebuah penelitian untuk mengetahui; (1) besar kompensasi daya reaktif yang diperlukan untuk memperbaiki faktor daya motor induksi 3 fasa saat beban puncak ; (2) besar pemasangan kapasitor bank untuk mencapai nilai faktor daya perbaikan; dan (3) membandingkan perubahan sebelum dan setelah dilakukannya perbaikan faktor daya menjadi 0,90 yang dilaksanakan di PT. Semen Tonasa Uni 4. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pengumpulan data primer dengan melakukan wawancara dengan pihak-pihak terkait penelitian dan sekunder atau melakukan penelusuran data terkait penelitian, selanjutnya dilakukan analisis data, lalu membuat simulasi untuk membandingkan hasil analisis dan hasil simulasi. Adapun hasil penelitian menunjukkan hasil sebagai berikut ; (1) Besar kompensasi daya reaktif (Qc) diperoleh berdasarkan selisih dari daya reaktif sebelum perbaikan faktor daya (Qb) dengan daya reaktif setelah perbaikan (Qt) ; (2) Besar kapasitor yang digunakan pada kompensasi daya reaktif berdasarkan nilai standar kapasitor yang ada di pasaran. Semakin besar nilai kompensasi daya reaktif yang ditimbulkan maka nilai kapasitor yang dibutuhkan dalam perbaikan faktor daya akan semakin besar ; dan (3) Setelah faktor daya diseragamkan nilai perbaikannya, maka besar arus beban menjadi semakin kecil dan nilai pasokan daya MVA menjadi semakin kecil.
ALAT KOREKSI FAKTOR DAYA PADA INSTALASI LISTRIK RUMAH TINGGAL 3 PHASA BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER ATMega 8535
Authors: Hatma Hatma , Bini Talib
Published: May 2020

Kebutuhan akan penyediaan daya listrik berkualitas baik adalah mutlak. Secara umum, daya listrik berkualitas baik sebesar 0,8 sampai 1. Karena kebutuhan pelanggan PLN menggunakan beban induktif, maka dapat menyebabkan faktor daya menjadi rendah, dan akan menyebabkan pemanfaatan energi listrik menjadi tidak maksimal. Untuk mengoreksi faktor daya tersebut agar mencapai nilai yang mendekati ataupun menjadi berkualitas baik, maka dilakukan cara pemasangan rangkaian kapasitor (capacitor bank). Pemakaian beban induktif pada pelanggan PLN tidak selalu sama, maka dirancang suatu alat untuk memperbaiki nilai faktor daya secara otomatis berdasarkan perubahan beban induktif pada rumah tinggal industri dengan menggunakan mikrokontroler. Mikrokontroler tersebut yang akan mengontrol pengaktifan kapasitor. Koreksi faktor daya terdiri dari serangkaian sistem minimum mikrokontroler, sensor ACS712, driver relay, dan capacitor bank.
TeMP (Tempat Sampah Pintar):Alat Monitoring dan Pendeteksi Kelembaban Sampah Berbasis Mikrokontroller
Authors: Muhajir Muhajir , Asriani Asriani , Aprilia Erika Rahman
Published: May 2020

Pengangkutan sampah di Makassar saat ini dilakukan oleh pihak pemerintah kota dan sebuah perusahaan pengelola sampah berbasis aplikasi yaitu PT Mall Sampah Indonesia. Namun masih ditemukan kendala-kendala yang menghambat pengelolaan sampah seperti waktu pengangkutan sampah yang tidak teratur dan jenis sampah yang tidak sesuai pada pengelolaan sampah seperti waktu pengangkutan sampah yang tidak teratur dan jenis sampah yang tidak sesuai pada tempatnya. Berdasarkan masalah tersebut maka penulis merancang sebuah alat yang mampu menjadi solusi dari masalah tersebut. Alat ini menggunakan sensor ultrasonik berbasis mikrokontroler yang diberi nama TeMP(Tempat Sampah Pintar). Penerapan teknologi IoT ini digunakan untuk memudahkan pengepul dari pihak mitra untuk mengambil sampah jika tempat sampah hampir penuh sehingga pengambilan sampah lebih terkontrol. Tempat sampah pintar ini dapat mendeteksi kelembaban sampah.
Analisis Penempatan Transformator Distribusi Berdasarkan Jatuh Tegangan Di PT PLN(Persero) ULP Malino
Authors: Tiro Joshua , L Ruslan
Published: May 2020

Dalam penyaluran energi listrik di mana lokasi pembangkit tenaga listrik berada jauh pada pusat beban memungkinkan terjadinya kerugian yang cukup besar dalam penyaluran energi listrik. Berdasarkan SPLN No. 72 tahun 1987, jatuh tegangan yang diizinkan untuk saluran udara tegangan menengah (SUTM) sebesar 5%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya jatuh tegangan yang terjadi pada penyulang Lanna, PT. PLN (Persero) ULP Malino dan melakukan perbaikan jatuh tegangan tersebut. Penyulang Lanna mempunyai 61 buah gardu distribusi dengan kapasitas yang berbeda-beda. Jarak terjauh gardu distribusi dari pusat pembangkit sepanjang 52,995 Km. Metode penelitan dilakukan dengan persamaan atau rumus dan disimulasikan menggunakan Software Digsilent. Hasil penelitian ini  menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi besarnya jatuh tegangan pada jaringan distribusi adalah arus beban puncak, panjang penghantar, luas penampang penghantar, dan faktor daya. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan didapatkan bahwa gardu distribusi dengan kode gardu GT.LLN053 mengalami jatuh tegangan sebesar sebesar 1030,16 Volt atau sebesar 5,15%. Setelah dilakukan perbaikan berupa reposisi gardu distribusi, jatuh tegangan yang terjadi sebesar 956,41 Volt atau sebesar 4,78%.
RANCANG BANGUN STERILISATOR BAKTERI PADA UDARA BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLLER ARDUINO UNO
Authors: Fatimang Sitti
Published: May 2020

Penelitianinisebagaipengembanganteknologitepat gunadengan menggunakan sistem automatisasi dan pengembanganteknologi kesehatan khususnyadibidang sterilisasi  kesehatandenganmembuatsebuahalatsterilisatorbakteridengan menggunakansistempengisapandanpembuanganblower danmelakukanevaluasidampak penggunaansterilisatorbakteriyang terkandungdalamudara  padaruanganpensterilan.Uji coba alat Sterilisator Bakteri Udara ini dilakuakan di RSIA St. Khadijah III,  Dan penempatkan alat tersebut di Ruang Perawatan dan Ruang Bedah. Selama proses pensterilan berjalan juga dilakukan pengukuran Tegangan Keluaran pada lampu Ultra Violet yang digunakan dan berdasarkan   analisa sttistik  rata-rata waktu yang dihasilkan dari penyettingan waktu 30 menit adalah 29,26 menit ,ini menunjukkan penurunan dari waktu yang ditentukan yaitu koreksi sebesar  0,74 menit. Dengan kesalahan (error) sebesar 0,74% .  Dan penyettingan waktu 60 menit adalah 59,42 menit ,ini menunjukkan penurunan dari waktu yang ditentukan yaitu koreksi sebesar  0,57 menit. Dengan kesalahan (error) sebesar 0,96%.Hasil dari penelitian inidiharapkan dapatmenjadialatyang bermanfaatuntukruang operasisehingga udara diruangantersebutsterildaribakteridankumandanmenjadipembandinguntuk pengembanganalatsterlisatorselanjutnya.
Sistem Pengontrol Pintu Pagar Dengan Voice Control Berbasis Mikrokontroler
Authors: Ihsan Ahmad , Zain Abdul , Handani Sri
Published: May 2020

Kegiatan membuka dan menutup pintu pagar secara manual di setiap tempat tinggal adalah kegiatan yang sering dilakukan setiap orang ketika ingin masuk dan keluar rumah. Cara manual ini tentunya membuat orang menghabiskan  waktu dan tenaga yang cukup banyak dalam melakukan kegiatan membuka dan menutup pintu pagar. Selain itu pintu pagar tidak dapat diawasi dengan baik dikarenakan sistem keamanan pada pintu pagar masih dikerjakan secara manual. Pada penelitian ini dibuat sebuah prototipe sistem pengontrol pintu pagar dengan voice control, aplikasi yang dirancang dalam penelitian ini menggunakan smartphone berbasis android. Adapun cara kerjanya menggunakan Google Asisten pada smartphone sebagai pengontrol gerak pintu pagar yang kemudian perintah tersebut diteruskan ke node mcu yang mana node mcu tersebut memberikan perintah kepada arduino nano, perintah yang didapatkan dari node mcu tersebut di berikan ke driver motor untuk membuka dan menutup pintu pagar. Selain itu arduino nano juga memproses sistem keamanan prototipe ini yang mana triger alarm dikirimkan ke node mcu dan diteruskan ke akun Gmail. Prototipe ini sangat mudah digunakan sehingga ini menjadi solusi bagi manusia dalam membantu membuka dan menutup pintu pagar serta menjaga keamanan tempat tinggal
Prototipe Pengaman Peralatan Instalasi Listrik dan Tegangan Sentuh Bagi Manusia dengan ELCB ( Earth Leakege Circuit Breaker )
Authors: Sukardi Frely Didit , Zain Abdul , Muliawan Arief
Published: May 2020

Bahaya listrik merupakan ancaman yang tidak terlihat namun dapat menghilangkan nyawa manusia dan menyebabkan terjadinya kebakaran. Keselamatan faktor penting yang harus diterapkan dalam pemakaian tenaga listrik. Manusia hanya dapat merasakan sengatan listrik dengan maksimal arus yang melalui tubuh 30 mA. Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB) pada suatu sistem instalasi listrik merupakan salah satu solusi yang dapat digunakan untuk melindungi dari bahaya tegangan sentuh. Melakukan uji coba menggunakan sumber fasa dan netral sebagai media pengaktifan ELCB dan resistor sebagai pengganti tahanan tubuh manusia serta grounding sebagai media gangguan pentanahan. Dengan membandingkan arus masuk dan keluar pada fasa dan netral inilah sistem kerja ELCB. Waktu pemutusan tegangan dan arus listrik pada ELCB adalah 19.60 mS. Dengan Pengaplikasiaan ELCB dalam sistem instalasi listrik diharapkan bahaya yang  diakibatkan oleh tegangan sentuh dapat dibatasi sehingga sistem aman bagi manusia.
Pizza und Liebe im Unterricht – Die Konstruktion von Wissen über Aufgaben mit Lebensweltbezug
Authors: Fuhrmann Laura
Published: May 2020

Ob lebensweltbezogene Aufgaben routiniert abgearbeitet werden oder den Risiken der Entgrenzung erliegen, entscheidet sich auch über Praktiken der Wissensorganisation im Unterrichtsgespräch. In zwei kontrastierenden ethnografischen Protokollen aus einem laufenden Projekt wird die Konstruktion von Wissen in der Besprechung von Aufgaben mit Lebensweltbezug untersucht. Es wird rekonstruiert, dass der wechselseitige Bezug auf private Details und deren Kommentierung von Lehrpersonen und Peergroup nicht nur fachlich relevantes Wissen erzeugen und dabei die Leistung der einzelnen Schüler*innen markieren, sondern über die privaten Details auch der soziale Status und Gruppenzugehörigkeiten der Schüler*innen innerhalb der Klasse festgeschrieben werden. Diese unterschiedlichen Praktiken werden unter der Bezugnahme auf eine Theoretisierung von Unterricht als öffentliches Geschehen und dem daraus für die Schüler*innen entstehenden Erfordernis der Distanzierung herausgearbeitet.
Gerakan Agama dan Budaya Komunitas Sekelik Sedulur dalam Mencegah Konflik Etnis di Lampung Tengah
Authors: Syufa'at M. Ali , Cahyono Heri , Madkur Ahmad
Published: May 2020

This current paper discusses the movement Sekelik Sedulur community in building a culture of inter-ethnic harmony Lampung and Java as an attempt to Prevent ethnic conflict in Central Lampung. The core foundation of this community used a part of a cultural approach Harmony Among maintain ethnic, religious and community groups in Central Lampung. 'Sekelik' in Lampung means 'brother' and 'sedulur' in Javanese language means 'brother'. Community Sekelik Sedulur actively makes the discussion, friendship, and cultural acculturation activities in maintaining inter-ethnic relations. As Lampungnese were famous with the ethnic conflict, economic and social dialogue, it is Necessary to conduct forum as a form of concern for inter-ethnic harmony. Actually, the problems is there is no action blended multicultural entities. This study uses ethnographic approach. To answer the questions of this research, Utilization thinking of Koentjaraningrat Cultural is used as  acculturation theory. Acculturation is a cultural fusion that occurs when a group of people with a certain culture are confronted with elements of a foreign culture so that different elements of foreign culture are gradually accepted and processed into their own culture without losing their own cultural identity
Membangun Kembali Nilai-Nilai Dasar Keislaman sebagai Resolusi Konflik Ahmadiyah: Diskursus Hak Kebebasan Beragama dan Berkeyakinan
Authors: Putra Dedi
Published: May 2020

Justice, tolerance, and mutual forgiveness is the fundamental values of Islam. The principle must be understood and imitated and realized in social attitudes. But in fact, the principle of nonviolence and peace in Islam was limited to the principle of not integral to the individual Muslim. This has often resulted in various conflicts in society. This paper focuses existence of Ahmadiyah conflict. Ahmadiyah position as a minority group should get protection from the state. The State must ensure and protect the rights of religious freedom which is owned by Ahmadiyah. So with the protection provided by the state, the new state acts can be said to be in accordance with the constitutional mandate
Komunitas Ambengan Sebagai Gerakan Multikulturalisme Mereduksi Akar Konflik di Lampung Timur
Authors: Hakim Lukman
Published: May 2020

Komunitas Dusun Ambengan atau biasa disebut Ambengan adalah forum budaya yang didirikan oleh Syamsul Arifin atau akrab dipanggil “Cak Sul”. Ambengan adalah gerakan ikhtiar kebudayaan yang melestarikan dialog antar agama, etnis, golongan untuk mau berkumpul membahas keragaman kultural yang dimiliki oleh suku-suku yang hidup di tanah Lampung. Maiyah Dusun Ambengan berusaha melakukan pelestarian budaya lokal dan berupaya mereduksi konflik yang ada di Lampung. Ambengan berupaya membangun pelestarian budaya sebagai kearifan lokal dan keragaman bangsa. Maka peneliti melakukan penelitian yang berjudul “Budaya Ambengan Sebagai Gerakan Multikulturalisme Mereduksi Akar Konflik Di Lampung Timur”. Jenis penelitian dikategorikan penelitian lapangan (field research) yaitu penelitian yang dilakukan di kancah atau medan terjadinya gejala. Sifat penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif-kualitatif, yaitu sebuah penelitian yang berusaha mengungkap keadaan yang bersifat alamiah secara holistik. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah sumber data primer dan sekunder. Metode pengumpulan data dalam peneltian ini adalah observasi, wawancara semi struktur dan dokumentasi. Kebudayaan menjadi sesuatu yang sangat penting bagi komunitas satu maupun komunitas lain diluarnya. Bagi komunitas lain diluarnya, hal ini menjadi “pintu” untuk memasuki dan mempelajari komunitas tertentu. Kebudayaan menjadi dasar untuk bertingkah laku dalam masyarakat dan juga untuk menghindari konflik. Namun, apabila konflik tidak dapat dihindarkan maka nilai-nilai kebudayaan akan kembali digunakan sebagai proses penyelesaian masalah. Komunitas Ambengan adalah komunitas yang menggunakan kebudayaan sebagai sarana untuk membuka ruang dialog yang pada akhirnya memberikan pemahaman tentang multikulturalisme dan dapat dijadikan sebagai upaya mereduksi potensi konflik yang ada di Lampung Timur
Pendidikan Islam Dan Politik
Authors: Mujib Abdul , Yunita Yuyun
Published: May 2020

Education is a fundamental part of human need which must be fulfilled by every human being. Education is part of the political problem as the management of people's affairs) based on the ideology of the state. Based on a fundamental understanding, the politics of education of a country is determined by the ideology of the country. It is this factor that determines the character and typology of the society it establishes. Thus, the politics of education can be understood as an educational strategy designed by the state in an effort to create the quality of human resources) which is aspired. Similarly with Islam; will build a society in accordance with ideological ideals. The model of society it creates will of course be different from the society formed by the State ideology system. Through this observation of the ideological characteristics, the educational system traces that take place will be easily understood. The secular-capitalist education system gave birth to a secular education strategy so that in turn it would create a typology of a secular-capitalist society. Similarly, socialism and Islamic education system.
Principles Of Moderation In Islamic Politics
Authors: Syaripudin Syaripudin
Published: May 2020

Abstrak

Sebagai agama yang diwahyukan, Allah menyatakan Islam sebagai agama khiyar (yang terpilih dan terbaik) dengan rekomendasi terbaik di sisi-Nya yang menempatkan pengikutnya sebagai sebaik-baik ummat, dan wasathon  ummah yang memiliki karakter yang adil dan toleran. Islam dalam posisi ini sebagai "wasathiyyah" (moderasi) yang berarti di posisi tengah, seimbang, adil, toleran, tidak ekstrim di satu sisi dan selaras dengan prinsip "rabbaniyah". Makna wasathiyyah dalam ta'rif al-wasathiyah mencakup pilihan yang adil, pamungkas, terbaik dan seimbang antara dua titik berlawanan yang berlawanan. Islam moderat adalah konsep Islam yang tidak condong ke kiri atau kanan, tetapi jalan lurus  dan umat Islam dinyatakan sebagai moderat, orang-orang terbaik yang akan menjadi saksi dan pionir perdamaian dan perbaikan dunia. Islam yang moderat dapat dipahami sebagai pandangan atau sikap yang selalu berusaha mengambil posisi tengah dari dua sikap yang berlawanan dan dibesar-besarkan sehingga salah satu dari dua sikap tersebut tidak mendominasi satu sisi. Dengan kata lain, seorang Muslim moderat adalah seorang Muslim yang memberikan nilai yang tepat dan seimbang untuk dua pemikiran atau sikap yang berlawanan. Karena manusia, siapa pun dia, tidak mampu melarikan diri dari pengaruh dan bias karena selalu ada pengaruh tradisi, pikiran, keluarga atau waktu dan tempat dalam hidupnya. Tidak mungkin untuk mewakili atau menawarkan moderasi penuh di dunia nyata, hanya Tuhan yang dapat melakukannya.
Islam Dan Keharmonian Kaum Di Singapura
Authors: Amin Saifuddin
Published: May 2020

This Paper aims to find out on the response of Singapore as a multi-racial country and religion towards the Muslims and its role in taking care of its racial harmony in Singapore. This mix of methods of qualitative and quantitative through the approach of direct observation has found that the government of Singapore gave a good attention for Islam. This happens in such ways that the law named AMLA and muslims in Singapore take part in keeping the racial harmony in many ways such as involving in IRO organization, choosing An-Nadhah mosques as a racial harmony centre, encouraging the dialogues between religion and the muslims. Most important role in MUIS is as official instituion to have such harmony by having seminars and khutbah as well as application of downloaded information in curriculum development based on racial harmony. As the result, it is hopeful to let this be as a research for other countries that has a different system that is similar to Singapore for the sake of a better harmony.
MASUK DAN BERKEMBANGNYA ISLAM DI KERAJAAN KUTAI KARTANEGARA
Authors: Samsir Samsir
Published: May 2020

The condition of Islam in the beginning of its entry in Kutai Kertanegara was still simple. After following developments today as developments in the field of science and technology, the process of spreading Islam has progressed. After Islam was accepted by the king and the people of Kutai in a peaceful manner. So the King of the Crown Prince or the Noble King of Islam ordered his people to abandon the teachings of their religion by replacing Islam. The development of Islamic religious teachings increased rapidly with the birth of several Islamic organizations which not only fought for the interests of a group of people but also maintained the existence of Islam, besides the strategic location of Kutai Kartanegara. The Central Kalimantan region is central, causing it to get migration from all parties which gives rise to races and acculturation of cultures which gives rise to a culture that has a variety of styles. In the 16th century, the migration of the Malay to the East was due to the pressure of political pressure which violently flared in western Indonesia with the fall of Malacca in 1511 AD. The great flow of Malay migration to the East began with capital to Makassar where they controlled spices. -rempah Maluku together with Javanese people. Aceh's expansion of Johor and other regions of the Malacca Peninsula at the beginning of the 17th century. The disruption of the Dutch over Malacca in 1941 AD in Western Indonesia added to the swift flow to the East. With the acceptance of Islam as the official religion of the kingdom by the king of the Crown, all of his people also abandoned the religion previously believed. As a broadcaster on Islam, Lord Tunggang Parangan began teaching about monotheism and the teachings of Islam as a whole. For his patience and tenacity to teach about Islamic teachings, religious teachers and scholars were born who could help continue the mission in developing Islam in Kutai, especially in East Kalimantan. Thus Islam in East Kalimantan can develop both through education, marriage, trade, as well as art and culture.
Directed acyclic graphs to explore causality in Epidemiological study designs, part I: an introduction to DAGs
Authors: Basu Arindam
Published: May 2020

Directed acyclic graphs are graphs that contain one directional arrows which connect the nodes within the graph structure, and where flow of information can be shown to flow from "past" to "future" along the direction of the arrows. These graphs are acyclic in the sense that no paths turn back on to the parent node as they are directed from a causal variable to an effect variable. In this paper, we discuss these graphs with respect to causal inference in Epidemiology and discuss ways of drawing our assumptions prior to our conclusions. Specifically, graphs will help us to identify biases and also help us to characterise counterfactual theories of causation
Preservation and study of genetic resources of grapes on the ampelographic collection of the Anapa zonal experimental station of viticulture and winemaking
Authors: Gorbunov I. , Lukyanova A.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The purpose of the research, the results of which are reflected in this article, is to preserve, replenish and study the genetic resources of grapes at the Anapa zonal experimental station of viticulture and winemaking (AZESViW). Novelty. Anapa ampelographic collection, consisting of 4941 genotypes, in 2019 was supplemented with ten varieties (grafted culture): Viktor 2 (Simpatiya), Vion’e, Zarya Nesvyataya, Karmener, Marselo, Romeo, Rusbol muskatnyy, Sirius AZOS, Furshetnyy, Yubiley Khersonskogo dachnika. First identified 5 sources of breeding valuable traits: 2 source of large berries – table grapes Ryukho i Strashenskiy, 1 source of phylloxera resistance – universal grade Ananasnyy, 1 – high sugar content – a technical grade of Bastardo and 1 – ultra-early ripening – table grape Olimpiada. Methods. These varieties, as well as all those growing in the collection, are subject to comprehensive research every year using traditional and modern methods of study, including agrobiological accounting, testing, identification, phenology, crop accounting, growth, and so on. Results. According to the results of scientific research last year, a number of features of the reaction of the studied grape varieties of different ecological and geographical groups and maturation periods to atypical conditions of the growing season in 2019 were revealed. In addition, among the studied varieties, one source was allocated for phylloxerostability: Pineapple grape variety; two sources were allocated for large-yield-table varieties Ryuho (Ryuho) and Strashenskiy; one source for high sugar accumulation – technical variety Bastardo and one source for early maturation-table variety Olympiada. Practical significance. These sources of economically valuable breeding characteristics are necessary for the creation of new varieties, clones and hybrids of grapes that increase the stability of agrocenosis and stability of fruiting, the introduction of which in production can increase the profitability of growing grapes by increasing the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the crop.
Postpartum blood biochemical profile in heifers in connection with polymorphic variants of the SCD1 gene and reproductive ability
Authors: Leibova V. , Pozovnikova M.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to compare the biochemical profile of blood in the first two months of lactation in first-calf cows with polymorphic variants of the stearoyl-CoA-desaturase gene (SCD1) and its relationship with reproductive parameters. Methods. The work was carried out in one of the breeding factories of the Leningrad Region on first-calf cows of the Holstein breed with an average milk yield of 9073 ± 263 kg for 305 days of lactation. Animal genotypes were determined by PCR-RFLP. Serum samples were used to determine the content of total protein, albumin, urea, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, the activity of the enzymes AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (alanine aminotransferase), alkaline phosphatase (alkaline phosphatase), GGT (γ-glutamyl transferase). Laboratory studies of blood serum were performed on a RX Daytona biochemical analyzer (Randox Laboratories, UK) using reagents from Cormay, Poland. The results of the study. Of the 20 individuals, 12 animals were carriers of the CT genotype, the remaining first-calf cows had the CC (n = 6) and TT (n = 2) genotypes. Blood biochemical parameters were determined in animals with CT and SS genotypes. On the 44-50th day of lactation in animals with CT genotype, the urea concentration and AST activity decreased by 1.2–1.3 times (p ≤ 0.001). In individuals with the SS genotype, no change in these indicators was found. As a result, at the end of the second month of lactation in cows with the SS genotype, blood urea and AST activity were 1.2 times higher than in animals with the CT genotype. The content of total cholesterol increased 1.3–1.4 times (p < 0.01) by the 6–7th week of lactation in cows of both genotypes (SS and CT). The remaining biochemical parameters did not differ between time intervals within the same genotype, and between groups of animals with different genotypes. When distributing the examined cows into groups depending on the genotype and service period, it was found that the duration of the service period of more than 150 days is twice as common in individuals with the CC genotype. In cows with the heterozygous ST genotype of the SCD1 gene, biochemical profile indicators are more optimal, which may be associated with an increased frequency of occurrence of individuals with a shorter service period.
Enzyme activity in skeletal muscle tissues in guinea pigs under functional load
Authors: Mardareva Nataliya , Terenteva Mayya , Larionov Gennadiy
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The study is aimed at identifying the nature and intensity of age-related changes in the activity of AsAT and AlAT enzymes under a load of “Proserin” in the tissues of the triceps brachii, pectoralis major muscle, rectus abdominis, gluteus and calf muscles in guinea pigs grown under the conditions of the Scientific and Educational Center “Studencheskiy” of FSBEI HE “Chuvash State Agricultural Academy”. Methodology and methods: The activity of the enzymes AsAT and AlAT was determined by the universal method of S. Wrightman and S. Frenkel (1957) in the modification of V. V. Menshikov (1977) by the spectrophotometric method in the scientific laboratory of Chuvash State Agricultural Academy. Statistical reliability was determined by Student's criterion according to R. Kh. Tukshaitov (2001). Results and scope: analysis of changes in the activity of the enzymes aspartate and alanine aminotransferases indicates that during loading by introducing “Proserin” in the tissues of skeletal muscles, regular changes in all studied parameters with certain features depending on the age of the animal and the type of skeletal muscle are detected. The consistency of changes in the studied parameters in guinea pigs of different ages is manifested in the fact that, under experimental conditions, an increase in the activity of alanine and aspartate aminotransferase enzymes in the tissues of skeletal muscles is detected. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that under conditions of functional load it was revealed that changes in the activity of these enzymes are associated with muscle growth and development in the postnatal period, including various alternating phases of improving the structural and functional organization of organs and the body as a whole.
After. Economics and politics of the post-pandemic world
Authors: Kolodko Gr. W.
Published: May 2020

The coronavirus pandemic that has shaken the world will lay a long shadow for many years. It puts humanity in the face of incredible challenges that coincide with other negative mega-trends and unresolved economic, social and political problems. The enormous consequences and costs of the pandemic — human and social, economic and financial — will be known only ex post. While some lose nothing, others lose everything, sometimes even their lives. The heterogeneous, post-pandemic future — in which under the conditions of irreversible globalization various political and economic systems will interact with each other — will follow many paths, with the position of highly developed countries becoming relatively weaker. Tensions on the US—China line will increase, geopolitics and geoeconomics will change. The confrontation between democracy and authoritarianism will intensify, the synergy of the market and the state will be transformed. It will be particularly dangerous to turn two sides of the same counterfeit coin as an alternative: neoliberal capitalism versus populist capitalism. Chances for the better future may be created by a gradual transition to new pragmatism. It is a strategy of moderation in economic activities and a triple — economically, socially and ecologically — sustainable development based on the outline of an innovative, unorthodox and holistic economic theory. Pandemic is also an immense challenge for social sciences, not only for economics, because old manner of thinking will often occur to be useless for analyzing and explaining new situations.
The fall into 2020 recession...
Authors: Grigoryev L. M. , Pavlyushina V. A. , Muzychenko E. E.
Published: May 2020

All world upward trends and cycles have a lot in common while crises significantly differ. In the case of this research the recession was sparked not by the shock of financial sector but by the restrictions imposed on consumption that previously was not inclined to fluctuate that much. Oil price shock has increased negative influence on the world energy market and economy overall. The decline in employment and personal consumption has struck more on most vulnerable social classes but the decreased volume of demand can be also attributed to the wealth (catering, tourism and others). Once began, the recession develops by its own rules — a sharp fall in the world trade, fixed capital formation, growth of budget deficits, and particularly strong impact on developing countries most dependent on tourism and financial assistance.
Influence of foreign direct investment on domestic investment in the Russian economy
Authors: Drapkin I. M. , Lukyanov S. A. , Bokova A. A.
Published: May 2020

The paper is devoted to the empirical estimation of the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on domestic investment in the Russian economy. The results suggest that there are crowding-out effects of FDI on the Russian economy. Using the firm-level database for 2008—2017, we analyze the presence of foreign companies in the Russian economy on the region, industry and industry in region levels. On the regional level the statistically significant effects of crowding out domestic investment are identified for state-owned, large as well as less effective companies. On the industry level the negative effects of crowding out are observed in case when FDI share in the industry exceeds 25. Estimating the effect of FDI presence on the industry in the region level, we reveal crowding out effects mainly for private and more effective national companies. Analyzing the effects in case of different levels of FDI in the economy, we do not find support for the hypothesis of adaptation of national companies for foreign companies’ presence in the economy. The paper suggests that the government policy in FDI regulation should focus on mitigation of the effects of pushing national companies off the market, and also creating conditions for cooperation of foreign and domestic companies.
Some results of research on new crisis predictors
Authors: Danilov Yu. A. , Pivovarov D. A. , Davydov I. S.
Published: May 2020

The article provides some assumptions and hypotheses that have arisen as a result of a critical analysis of a new generation of crisis predictors. Three assumptions/hypotheses are submitted to the reader’s court: 1) on the possible impact of the negative spread of the yield on US Treasury bonds on the decisions of the US Federal Reserve; 2) on the effect of the central banks fulfilling the financial stability function on their monetary policy; 3) on the existence of objective reasons for Russia’s later entry into the global crisis of 2007—2009. The latter circumstance, along with the fact that some of the Russian recessions have significant internal causes, indicates the need for forming domestic crisis predictors. The assumptions and hypotheses cited in the article are debatable.