bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficient Preparation of Gallic Acid‐Incorporated Polyaniline as an Electrode Material With Tunable Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Zheng Xinjian , Qi Fei , Zhang Qiao , Yu Xianghua , Huang Huabo , Ji Jiayou , Li Liang
Published: January 2025

As the demand for high‐performance energy storage devices continues to boom, the electrode materials with large specific capacitance and long‐term stability for supercapacitors have garnered significant attention. In this study, gallic acid (GA)‐incorporated polyaniline (GA/PANI) nanomaterials were prepared through in situ polymerization in different reaction temperatures and different feed proportions. The formation and physicochemical features of GA/PANI were certified by XRD, FTIR, UV‐Vis, and SEM analysis. The electrochemical analysis revealed an enhanced specific capacitance of 635 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1and a capacitance retention of 96.0% after 10,000 cyclic voltammetry tests at a scan rate of 200 mV s−1 for GA/PANI1:10. The assembled supercapacitor based on GA/PANI1:10 displays a high energy density of 49.2 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 301 W kg−1. Therefore, these results verified the suitability of GA/PANI nanomaterial as an electrode material for the practical application in supercapacitor with long‐term reliability and rate capacity.
Studying the Synergistic Effects of Molecularly Imprinted Orthophenylenediamine and MXene/COOH‐MWCNT Composite for Vitro Diagnosis of Bilirubin in Human Serum
Authors: Manoj  , Ghrera Aditya Sharma
Published: January 2025

In this work, a molecularly imprinted sensor based on a composite of Ti3C2Tx (MXene) and carboxyl functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (COOH‐MWCNT) is prepared for bilirubin (BR) detection in human serum. The surface morphology and structure of the synthesized composite are characterized via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) along with elemental dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The formation of the BR imprint is confirmed via FESEM, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and electrochemical methods such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and electrochemical impedance spectrometry (EIS) under optimized experimental parameters. The BR imprinted electrode is prepared on the MXene/COOH‐MWCNT composite‐modified electrode by using CV in 6 mM ortho‐phenylenediamine (o‐PD) containing 2 mM BR in sodium acetate buffer solution (pH 5, 0.1 M). The linear range, limit of detection (LOD) and sensitivity are calculated as 0.1–20 mg/dL, 0.002 mg/dL, and 11.7 μA μM−1 cm−2, respectively. In addition, selectivity, reusability, reproducibility, and stability studies are performed on the prepared electrode.
Thermoplastic Polyurethane/Polylactic Acid Blend Foams Loaded With Curcuma longa L. and Hypericum perforatum Extracts Towards Wound Dressing Applications
Authors: Bužarovska Aleksandra , Stanoeva Jasmina Petreska , Karamanolevski Predrag , Popa Andreea Daniela , Dinescu Sorina , Avérous Luc
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to fabricate and evaluate TPU/polylactic acid foams loaded with natural extracts of Curcuma longa L. (C) and Hypericum perforatum (H) for WD application. In the frame of the structure/properties relationships study, different and complementary analyzes for WD materials, such as water contact angles measurements, water vapor transmission rate, water absorption, and extracts release studies were performed, in connection with the structural and thermal characterizations performed using scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform spectroscopy. The water absorption capacity of the blank blend foam and foams loaded with extracts (C and H) was found to be in the range of 8.31% ± 0.27, 90.7% ± 4.1 and 164% ± 4.0%, respectively. The loaded foams presented cumulative extracts release of 45.5% ± 2% (C) and 100% ± 1.1% (H) within 96 h and acceptable water vapor transmission rate in the range of 2088 ± 66 and 3520 ± 991 g·m−2·24 h−1, respectively. Summary, the investigated foams, enriched with both extracts, showed excellent performances in agreement with WD materials requirements, higher cell viability and proliferation compared to the reference foams, as well as non‐cytotoxic effects on human fibroblasts in experimental conditions.
Finite‐time extended state observer‐based sliding mode control of near‐space vehicle systems
Authors: Zhang Xue , Ye Zehua , Zhang Dan , Cheng Jun , Yan Huaicheng
Published: January 2025

This brief is aimed to deal with the intelligent control problem of near‐space vehicle (NSV) systems, where the sliding mode control (SMC) frame based on a finite‐time extended state observer (FTESO) is adopted. First, a Takagi‐Sugeno (T‐S) fuzzy model is used to capture the nonlinear dynamics of NSV systems. Second, a FTESO is devised to estimate state and nonlinear external perturbation. Third, a robust SMC algorithm based on estimated state and external disturbance is designed to realize the attitude angle tracking target of the NSV system. In the simulation part, a re‐entry NSV control task is utilized to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.
Random forest regression to predict Farinograph traits from GlutoPeak output in wheat wild relative backcross lines
Authors: Price John H. , Guttieri Mary J. , Stutz Sydney
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives

Flour quality is a key target of hard winter wheat breeding. The Farinograph is important for assessing quality before cultivar release in the United States, but large sample size requirements and long test times render it impractical for early‐stage selection relative to the GlutoPeak. To improve GlutoPeak utility for breeding, we calculated new parameters from device raw output and used random forest regression to predict key Farinograph parameters in a winter wheat population containing wild relative introgressions.

Findings

The key quality parameters of absorption, bake absorption, tolerance stability, and mixing tolerance index were moderately well predicted (R2 ranging from 0.488 to 0.745). Classification of samples as acceptable or unacceptable for mixing tolerance index and tolerance stability was more accurate than prediction of numeric values.

Conclusions

New features calculated from the GlutoPeak raw data were useful predictors of quality. Prediction accuracies are sufficient to improve breeding populations.

Significance and Novelty

This study is the first to use wheat wild relative introgressions in GlutoPeak Farinograph prediction, the first to generate features from raw data, and is one of the few random forest models for quality prediction. The tools that we provide will improve ability to cull poor‐quality lines early in the breeding pipeline can support efficient wheat cultivar development.
Exploration of the High‐Capacity Tetrahydroxybenzene Materials for Organic Batteries
Authors: Pirnat Klemen , Javornik Uroš , Casado Nerea , Ballard Nicholas , Santos Jose Ignacio , Mecerreyes David , Dominko Robert
Published: January 2025

Polyphenol or multihydroxybenzene compounds show great potential as electrode material for organic batteries. Among them, 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroxybenezene is the best candidate as a high‐specific capacity material due to its potential to exchange up to four electrons. To further corroborate this, we synthesized a model compound and carry out electrochemical characterization. Quasi‐reversible redox behavior, similar to other hydroxybenzene materials, was obtained in an acidic aqueous electrolyte. The four electron exchange was further confirmed by using reduced and oxidized model compounds, which showed comparable electrochemical behavior. Additionally, we prepared insoluble nano sized polymer based on poly(2,3,4,5‐tetrahydroxystyrene) which was used as a cathode material in an organic battery. Initial results suggested that these tetrahyroxybenzene polymers are very promising for proton batteries in acidic aqueous electrolytes, whereas their performance in lithium batteries is limited.
Sustainability Committee, External Assurance, and ESG Performance: Empirical Evidence From Banking Industry in Emerging Economies
Authors: Tumewang Yunice Karina , Almarayeh Taha , Alharasis Esraa
Published: January 2025

Driven by the escalating interests on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues, we investigate the impact of internal and external governance mechanisms, specifically board sustainability committee (SC) and external assurance (EA), on banks' ESG performance. This study utilized panel dataset of 643 bank‐year observations from 34 Islamic banks (IBs) and 77 conventional banks (CBs) across 12 emerging countries between 2013 and 2023. Sensitivity analyses and GMM regression are also conducted for robustness checks against the baseline model. This study reveals that firms with SC on their boards exhibit significantly higher ESG performance. Furthermore, the results show a positive relationship between EA and enhanced ESG performance. Interestingly, the effects of SC and EA on ESG performance is more pronounced in IBs than in CBs.
Linking Top Management Commitment and Circular Practice Through Human Resource Perspective: Do Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) Make a Difference in Sustainability?
Authors: Li Yuanling , Zhang Yu , Appolloni Andrea , Liu Junqi
Published: January 2025

Based on the natural, social resource‐based view, stakeholder theory, and complementary principles of justice, this study aimed to reveal the influence mechanism between top management circular commitment (TMCC) and circular economy practices (CEPs) through the perspective of human resource management (HRM) and diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI). We have highlighted the role of the interplay between circular economy human resource management (CE‐HRM) and DEI culture for the implementation of CEPs. We collected questionnaire data through surveys in Sichuan and Chongqing, China, and analyzed the hypotheses and conceptual model using structural equation modeling. We found that: (1). TMCC can positively influence CEPs. (2). TMCC can indirectly influence CEPs through CE‐HRM, in which CE‐HRM acts as partial mediation. (3). Diversity and inclusion culture, including labor law protection groups and the rainbow (LGBTQ+) group, shows significant moderating effects between TMCC and CE‐HRM. Equity culture demonstrates significant moderating effects between CE‐HRM and CEPs. This study not only delved into CE‐HRM; it also incorporated DEI in CEPs for the first time. It provides new insights, supports complementary principles of justice for the interdependence between social and environmental sustainability, and breaks through the dearth of the Chinese context for DEI and LGBTQ+ research.
The Co‐Occurrence of Autism and Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID): A Prevalence‐Based Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Sader Michelle , Weston Annabel , Buchan Kyle , Kerr‐Gaffney Jess , Gillespie‐Smith Karri , Sharpe Helen , Duffy Fiona
Published: January 2025

Objective

Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is a feeding and eating disorder characterized by extensive avoidance and/or restriction of food. Existing research demonstrates that ARFID is over‐represented in Autistic populations and vice‐versa, with both groups exhibiting shared characteristics. This meta‐analysis investigated the co‐occurrence between ARFID and autism via determination of autism prevalence in ARFID populations, and ARFID prevalence in Autistic groups.

Method

This review systematically identified literature evaluating those with ARFID and Autistic individuals. Literature was searched for using SCOPUS, MEDLINE, and Web of Science. Selected publications included Autistic individuals and those with ARFID who either received a formal diagnosis of autism and/or ARFID or met clinical threshold cut‐off scores on validated autism and/or ARFID questionnaires. Prevalence was reported in proportion‐based values alongside 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

This meta‐analysis identified 21 studies (kARFID = 18 papers; kAutism = 3 papers) comprising of n = 7442 participants (nARFID = 1708; nAutism = 5734). Prevalence of autism diagnoses was 16.27% in those with ARFID (95% CI = 8.64%–28.53%), and ARFID prevalence in Autistic groups was 11.41% (95% CI = 2.89%–35.76%). Gender and ethnicity served as significant sources of heterogeneity in ARFID papers. There was insufficient data to provide comparator values or prevalence across study population and distinct underpinning drivers of ARFID.

Discussion

Meta‐analytic findings highlight significant rates of co‐occurrence between autism and ARFID, suggesting that in clinical settings, it may be beneficial to consider screening Autistic individuals for ARFID and vice‐versa. Future research should further investigate co‐occurrence across ARFID profiles, gender, and ethnicity.
Nanoflower MnxNi2−xP as efficient bifunctional catalyst for hydrogen production with urea‐assisted energy‐saving in alkaline freshwater and seawater
Authors: Song Min , Yang Xue , Guo Chenyang , Zhang Shuo , Ma Junwei , Gao Hongtao
Published: January 2025

To achieve efficient and stable hydrogen production while addressing the corrosive effects of seawater on electrodes, integrating the energy‐saving urea oxidation reaction (UOR) with the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) presents a promising low‐energy solution. However, developing low‐cost, high‐performance bifunctional electrocatalysts for both HER and UOR remains a significant challenge. In this work, we prepared bifunctional electrocatalysts featuring MnxNi2−xP nanoflower structures grown on nickel foam using a simple hydrothermal phosphatization method. These catalysts demonstrated excellent performance in alkaline freshwater and seawater, with notably low overpotentials of 251 and 257 mV for HER, and 1.33 and 1.37 V for UOR. Combining its bifunctional activity in UOR and HER in a two‐electrode system, an energy saving of 0.19 V potential compared to water electrolysis through water oxidation can be acquired to reach 100 mA cm−2 current density. Moreover, the catalyst also maintains fairly stable after long‐term testing, indicating its potential for efficient and energy‐saving hydrogen production. Our study reveals that the synergistic interaction between Ni and Mn metals enhances the electronic structure of the electrocatalysts, significantly boosting both UOR and HER activities. Additionally, Mn doping alters the morphological structure, creating nanoflowers with abundant active sites, while nickel‐iron phosphides improve the catalyst's corrosion resistance in seawater. This work provides valuable insights into the design of low‐cost, stable non‐precious metal electrocatalysts for seawater and freshwater splitting, combining hydrogen evolution with urea‐assisted energy‐saving.
Policing Corruption or Corrupted Policing? Social Norms and Policing in Ghana
Authors: D'Emidio Riccardo
Published: January 2025

This article is a qualitative study of the relationship between social norms and corrupt behaviour in the Ghana Police Service. Although there is a growing body of literature exploring this nexus in very different settings, relatively less attention has been given to understanding the extent of the normative influence of social norms over corrupt behaviour. Social norms do not operate in a vacuum; therefore, to better understand their normative influence, it is critical to have analytical clarity of the broader social, economic and political settings in which they unfold. In order to so, this article deploys and adapts a set of analytical tools developed by Ben Cislaghi and Lori Heise, namely, the ‘dynamic framework for social change’ and the ‘theory of normative spectrum’ to map the different factors shaping corrupt behaviour and their interaction with relevant social norms. The data used for this analysis consist in 43 in person interviews with police officers and other anti‐corruption stakeholders, collected in different rounds using semi‐structured interviews and textual vignettes as eliciting tools. The findings of this research suggest that behavioural elements of sociality appear to be regulated by different enabling factors, which can impact the salience of the norm at play.
Hibiscus sidiformis Baill. (Magnoliopsida: Malvales: Malvaceae): A New Addition to the Flora of India
Authors: Sumra Kazbanu , Prajapati Kishan , Bhatt Chintan , Mehta Paurav
Published: January 2025

In the present communication, Hibiscus sidiformis Baill. is reported as a new record for India from the arid region of Kachchh district, Gujarat state. The newly reported species shows a close similarity with the resembling resident species Hibiscus lobatus (Murray) Kuntze. A detailed taxonomic description with the palynological comparison is provided for the first time. The extension in the native range of H. sidiformis from Africa to Asia is proposed.
Single‐Cell RNA Sequencing Uncovers Molecular Features Underlying the Disrupted Neurogenesis Following Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Liu Cong , Shao Fang‐Hong , He Xuan‐Cheng , Du Hong‐Zhen , Liu Chang‐Mei , Zhou Bing , Teng Zhao‐Qian
Published: January 2025

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, with limited effective treatment strategies. Endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) give rise to neurons and glial cells throughout life. However, NSCs are more likely to differentiate into glial cells rather than neurons at the lesion site after TBI and the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we performed large‐scale single‐cell transcriptome sequencing of subventricular zone (SVZ) NSCs and NSCs‐derived cells in the mouse brain, and provide molecular evidence for previous observations that glial differentiation of NSCs prevails after TBI. In addition, we show that the disrupted neurogenesis following TBI is caused by the reduction of a NSC subcluster (NSC‐4) expressing the neuronal gene Tubb3. Finally, we demonstrate that the transcriptional factor Dlx2 is significantly downregulated in NSC‐4, and Dlx2 overexpression is sufficient to drive NSCs towards neuronal lineage differentiation at the expense of astrocytic lineage differentiation under pro‐inflammatory conditions.
Recent advances in low‐background luminescent nanomaterials‐enhanced lateral flow assays for clinical diagnosis
Authors: Hao Liangwen , Chen Jing , Li Quanshuang , Zhang Dongyu , Huang Qingli , Zhang Hao , Li Shibao
Published: January 2025

Lateral flow assays (LFAs) are widely applicable in clinical point‐of‐care testing (POCT) due to their unique advantages such as simplicity, rapidity, and cost‐effectiveness. However, their sensitivity is often constrained by the background autofluorescence of the biological sample, the self‐matrix, or the readout technique, thereby leading to overlooking trace amounts of biomarkers present in early disease. In recent years, various nanomaterials‐based methods have been developed to address this issue, including the time‐gated technique, wavelength‐differentiated strategy and external modulated strategy for separation of background autofluorescence to minimize interference from biological samples. This review provides a comprehensive overview of various low‐background luminescent nanoparticles (LBLNPs)‐enhanced LFA systems, focusing on analyzing the underlying mechanism of these nanomaterials in improving the sensitivity and accuracy of the LFAs platform in clinical diagnosis. Representative examples are selected to demonstrate the clinical potential of these nanomaterials in detecting disease‐associated biomarkers in various samples including blood, urine, saliva et al. Finally, unresolved challenges and future development prospects are briefly discussed.
Mueller‐Matrix Interferometric Multifractal Scaling of Optically Anisotropic Architectonics of Diffuse Blood Facies: Fundamental and Applied Aspects
Authors: Ushenko Yurii , Ushenko Alexander , Dubolazov Alexander , Soltys Iryna , Litvinenko Olexandra , Wanchuliak Oleh , Sarkisova Yulia , Mikirin Ivan , Salega Olexander , Zheng Jun , Bin Lin
Published: January 2025

The article describes a technique for digital holographic reconstruction of complex amplitude fields in diffuse blood facies using laser polarization‐interference phase scanning to isolate a single scattered component of the object field. This method serves as the basis for developing algorithms for Mueller‐matrix reconstruction of linear and circular birefringence parameters in the polycrystalline architectonics of blood facies. Statistical (central moments of the 1st–4th orders) and multifractal analyses (fractal dimension spectra) are applied to study the optical anisotropy maps of polycrystalline networks during blood dehydration. The study explores a practical application in the differential diagnosis of blood loss volume, identifying higher‐order central moments (skewness, kurtosis) as sensitive markers. The method achieved a maximum accuracy of 92.9% in differentiating blood loss volume.
Weak Rainbow Saturation Numbers of Graphs
Authors: Li Xihe , Ma Jie , Xie Tianying
Published: January 2025

For a fixed graph , we say that an edge‐colored graph is weakly ‐rainbow saturated if there exists an ordering of such that, for any list of pairwise distinct colors from , the nonedges in color can be added to , one at a time, so that every added edge creates a new rainbow copy of . The weak rainbow saturation number of , denoted by , is the minimum number of edges in a weakly ‐rainbow saturated graph on vertices. In this paper, we show that for any nonempty graph , the limit exists. This answers a question of Behague et al. We also provide lower and upper bounds on this limit, and in particular, we show that this limit is nonzero if and only if contains no pendant edges.
A Variant of the Teufl‐Wagner Formula and Applications
Authors: Li Danyi , Yan Weigen
Published: January 2025

Let and be two electrically equivalent edge‐weighted connected graphs with respect to (hence ). Let be a forest in . Denote by the sum of weights of spanning trees of and by the sum of weights of spanning trees each of which containing all edges in , where the weight of a subgraph of is the product of weights of edges in . Suppose that is the edge‐weighted graph obtained from by identifying all vertices in of into a new vertex for . In this paper, we obtain a variant of the Teufl‐Wagner formula (Linear Alg Appl, 432 (2010), 441–457) and prove that . As applications, we enumerate spanning trees of some graphs containing all edges in a given forest and give a simple proof of Moon's formula (Mathematika, 11 (1964), 95–98) and the Dong‐Ge formula (J Graph Theory, 101 (2022), 79–94). In particular, we count spanning trees with a perfect matching in some graphs.
Forty‐seventh ASPEN Presidential Address: Parenteral nutrition compounding—Advancement or regression, where do we stand?
Authors: Ayers Phil
Published: January 2025

Parenteral nutrition (PN), a high‐alert medication, is an important lifesaving modality. The American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) has historically provided guidelines and recommendations for the safe and efficacious use of PN. These recommendations have included detailed guidance regarding the compounding of this highly complex medication. Compounding standards have been recently updated, and PN is no longer listed in a dedicated category in the United States Pharmacopeia General Chapter <797>. Along with this change, the use of commercially available multichamber PN bags has increased in the United States. I will discuss PN from a historical perspective, review the state of compounding, and discuss concerns regarding the safe use of PN.
Staunch Defender of COP27: A 20‐Year Journey of Land Revegetation Projects in China
Authors: Peng Xiangbin , Xu Dong , Bai Tingting , Li Junjie , Zhu Kai
Published: January 2025

In response to the risks posed by urbanization and climate change to land availability, China has implemented several significant land cover restoration initiatives since 1998. These initiatives have notably contributed to the objectives of the 27th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP27). However, a systematic evaluation of the ecological restoration effects on vegetation from these initiatives has been lacking. This study utilized NDVI, NPP, and TerraClimate data to comprehensively assess the spatial and temporal variations in the Vegetation Ecological Quality Index (VEQI) across China and analyze its response to land cover restoration initiatives. The analysis, spanning from 2002 to 2022, utilized various remote sensing data sources and geostatistical techniques, including the Hurst index, multiple regression residual analysis, and meta‐scale Theil–Sen median trend analysis. The results indicate a consistent increase in China's VEQI over the past 20 years. Notably, the Natural Forest Resources Protection Project and the Beijing–Tianjin Wind and Sand Source Comprehensive Control Project have played crucial roles in land cover restoration efforts. Nationally, the interaction between human activities and climate change has emerged as a dominant factor, affecting approximately 56.8% of China's land area. Additionally, our projections indicate a varied future for China's VEQI trends. While areas with increasing VEQI account for about 70.66% of the total land area, regions with decreasing trends or transitioning from a decrease to increase represent 29.34%. Based on the study's findings, we recommend the development of tailored ecological restoration strategies aligned with regional VEQI trends and the enhancement of ecological balance initiatives amidst urbanization to address declining vegetation ecological quality. These insights highlight the complex relationship between land cover restoration and climate change in the context of COP27, providing valuable guidance for advancing sustainable development goals and future ecological protection initiatives.
Adaptive Structured‐Light 3D Surface Imaging with Cross‐Domain Learning
Authors: Li Xinsheng , Feng Shijie , Chen Wenwu , Jin Ziheng , Chen Qian , Zuo Chao
Published: January 2025

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology is leading a paradigm shift in optical metrology, from physics‐ and knowledge‐based modeling to data‐driven learning. In particular, the integration of structured‐light techniques with deep learning has garnered widespread attention and achieved significant success due to its capability to enable single‐frame, high‐speed, and high‐accuracy 3D surface imaging. However, most algorithms based on deep neural networks (DNNs) face a critical challenge: they assume the training and test data are independent and identically distributed, leading to performance degradation when applied across different image domains, especially when test images are acquired from unseen systems and environments. A cross‐domain learning framework for adaptive structured‐light 3D imaging is proposed to address this challenge. This framework's adaptability is enhanced by a novel mixture‐of‐experts (MoE) architecture, capable of dynamically synthesizing a network by integrating contributions from multiple expert DNNs. Experimental results demonstrate the method exhibits superior generalization performance across diverse systems and environments over both “specialist” DNNs developed for fixed domains and “generalist” DNNs trained by brute‐force approaches. This work offers fresh insights into substantially enhancing the generalization of deep‐learning‐based structured‐light 3D imaging and advances the development of versatile, robust AI‐driven optical metrology techniques.
Poromechanical Solution for One‐Dimensional Large Strain Consolidation of Modified Cam‐Clay Soil
Authors: Chen Sheng‐Li , Yu Hai‐Sui , Abousleiman Younane N. , Kees Christopher E.
Published: January 2025

A theoretical model describing the one‐dimensional large strain consolidation of the modified Cam‐Clay soil is presented in this paper. The model is based on the Lagrangian formulation and is capable of featuring the variability of soil compressibility (inherently due to the direct incorporation of the specific Cam‐Clay plasticity model) and permeability, as well as the impact of the overconsolidation ratio (OCR). The derivation starts from the establishment of the incremental stress–strain relations for both purely elastic and elastoplastic deformations under one‐dimensional compression conditions, and thereafter the coefficients of compressibility/volume change that are essential to the consolidation analysis. The governing partial differential equation is then neatly deduced in conjunction with the continuity and equilibrium conditions for the soil, with the vertical effective stress being the privileged unknown to be solved for. Subsequently, a semi‐analytical solution to the developed rigorous poroelastoplastic large strain consolidation model is obtained and verified with the ABAQUS finite element numerical results. Parametric analyses are finally provided to investigate in detail the influences of the soil overconsolidation ratio, large strain configuration, and the variability of the soil permeability on the calculated one‐dimensional consolidation response.
Chinese Translation and Measurement of the Heart Failure Needs Assessment Questionnaire in Mainland China
Authors: Mei Qian , Yang Xiaoli , Zhang Jingwen , Xiang Xiancheng , Liu Xinyang , Cheng Li
Published: January 2025

The management of heart failure in patients presents a significant challenge to global public health, marked by an increase in unaddressed needs due to the extended deterioration of health. It is crucial to conduct comprehensive assessments of patients with heart failure, thereby providing personalized care.

The purpose of this study was to translate, adapt, and validate the Needs Assessment Questionnaire for people with heart failure in Mainland China and to evaluate its reliability and validity within a population of people with heart failure.

A cohort of 246 individuals diagnosed with heart failure was recruited from two medical facilities in China during the period from January 2023 to June 2023. The scale was translated into Chinese using the forward post‐translation technique, followed by an evaluation of its reliability and validity. Descriptive statistics, content validity assessment, and Confirmatory Factor Analysis were utilized for validation. Internal consistency, split‐half reliability, and test‐retest reliability assessments were conducted to assess overall reliability.

The Chinese version of the Heart Failure Needs Assessment Questionnaire consists of 4 dimensions and 30 items. The Cronbach α coefficient of the overall scale was 0.90. In the validation factor analysis, the model fit results were χ2/df = 2.259, CFI = 0.933, IFI = 0.933, TLI = 0.927, RMSEA = 0.072, all of which fell within acceptable ranges.

The HFNAQ demonstrates strong reliability and validity in assessing the unmet needs of patients with heart failure.
Experimental and numerical investigation on the tensile performances of bonded/bolted hybrid CFRP‐AL joints
Authors: Mu Wenlong , Zhang Shikun , Li Shijie , Chen Liangyu , Chen Hongli
Published: January 2025

Reasonably designed hybrid joints can combine the advantages of both adhesively bonded and bolted joints, and have potential application value in improving the bearing capacity of the joint and ensuring structural safety. However, the failure behavior and damage mechanism of multi‐materials hybrid joints are not fully understood. In this paper, the mechanical performances of bonded, bolted, and hybrid CFRP‐aluminum alloy joints under tensile load were investigated using experiment and simulation methods. Based on the quasi‐static tensile test and fractography analysis, the mechanical behavior and damage mechanism of the three kinds of joints were studied, and the effects of hybrid effects were analyzed. The results demonstrated that there is no obvious co‐bearing effect between the adhesive layer and the bolt within the hybrid joint. Instead, a sequential load transfer behavior was observed. The hybrid joint showed more severe damage compared with the bolt joint, especially the CFRP delamination. Furthermore, a numerical model based on continuous damage mechanics (CDM) was established, the LaRC05 initial failure criterion and linear damage evolution were implemented to predict composite intra‐laminar failure, and the cohesive zone model (CZM) was used to simulate the inter‐laminar delamination and adhesive layer fracture. The model considers in situ effect, shear nonlinearity, and employs the selective parabola algorithm to improve computing efficiency. The comparison between experiment and simulation reveals that the model can accurately predict the mechanical performances of joints and capture the various failure modes.

Highlights

The performances of bonded, bolted, and hybrid CFRP‐aluminum alloy joints.

The CDM model of CFRP includes LaRC05 criterion and stiffness degradation.

Effect of damage constitutive models on the failure simulation of CFRP.

Damage  evolution and failure modes of three types of joints.
Modified pistachio shell waste: Structure, chemical interaction, and viscoelastic performance in biopolymer composites‐based starch
Authors: Romero‐Ceron Zurishadai , Flores‐Silva Pamela C. , Saucedo‐Salazar Esmeralda , Gallardo‐Vega Carlos , Hernandez‐Gamez Francisco , Hernandez‐Hernandez Ernesto , Sifuentes‐Nieves Israel
Published: January 2025

This work was focused on the changes in structural features of the pistachio shell (PS) waste upon alkaline and ultrasound treatment and their potential as sustainable reinforcement fillers in starch‐based films (SF). Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed etching, thinning, and cavities on the surface of PS after alkaline/ultrasound treatment, which allowed the NaOH species to act internally on the microstructure of PS, promoting the alteration of the functional groups CO and CO of hemicellulose and lignin molecules, as well as an increment on their crystallinity index from 31.41% to 46.91%. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis was used to identify the oxidation mechanism after modified PS was added to a starch matrix. The atomic ratio of the hydroxyl groups decreased, leading to an increase in stronger OCO (from 5.98–17.91%) and OC bonds (from 15% to 27.49%) interactions. Thermogravimetric analysis confirmed the interaction between starch and modified PS, which increased the storage modulus of the films from 198 MPa up to 721 MPa, thereby increasing the rigidity. The compatibility enhancement between modified PS waste and starch may interest the packaging industry and those looking to develop a scalable process.

Highlights

Alkali/ultrasound treatment determined the pistachio shell modification degree.

The treatments disturbed the hydrogen bonds of lignocellulosic components.

Pistache shells reduced COH interaction between starch and glycerol.

The fibers interact strongly with starch by OCO and OC bonds.

The modified pistachio shells improved the rigidity of starch films.
Early neurophysiological markers of aberrant auditory processing associated with increased risk of autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review
Authors: Benz Fee , Hanna Sean , Harvey Nicholas C. , Vollmer Brigitte , Köster Moritz , Villar Jose , Fernandes Michelle
Published: January 2025

Importance

There is a lack of reliable early diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), despite earlier diagnosis leading to better outcomes.

Objective

To evaluate the association of aberrant auditory processing (AAP) as a potential early marker of ASD risk in children under 2 years old.

Methods

A systematic review of studies published between 1985 and September 2024 was conducted by searching PubMed and Web of Science.

Results

The review encompassed 18 studies with 140 231 participants, and a majority (76%) of these studies found evidence that early neurophysiological changes in auditory processing are associated with later ASD risk. Specifically, prolonged auditory brainstem response (ABR) latency, reduced social stimuli selectivity, and poorer auditory brain connectivity were correlated with ASD status in later childhood. Notably, auditory habituation did not differ significantly with ASD risk. It's important to recognize that the evidence was somewhat limited by heterogeneity, small sample sizes, and inadequate reporting.

Interpretation

This review identified three early neurophysiological AAP markers associated with ASD risk: ABR latency, social stimuli selectivity, and auditory brain coherence. These markers show potential for aiding in earlier ASD risk assessment in young children, potentially leading to earlier interventions. However, to fully establish the association of these AAP markers with ASD as a reliable screening tool during early childhood, future research should focus on standardized experimental protocols and adequately powered prospective cohort studies.
Temporal field phenomics of transgenic maize events subjected to drought stress: Cross‐validation scenarios and machine learning models
Authors: Pereira Helcio Duarte , Nonato Juliana Vieira Almeida , Duarte Rafaela Caroline Rangni Moltocaro , Gerhardt Isabel Rodrigues , Dante Ricardo Augusto , Arruda Paulo , Yassitepe Juliana Erika de Carvalho Teixeira
Published: January 2025

Global climate change has driven breeding programs to develop abiotic stress‐resilient plant varieties. Traditionally, assessing drought resilience involves labor‐intensive and time‐consuming processes. This study used an unmanned aerial system (UAS) to predict key phenotyping traits in maize (Zea mays L.) and monitor plant response to drought during the crop cycle. We grew transgenic maize hybrids in two trials, one irrigated and another subjected to drought stress, and used a drone equipped with red–green–blue (RGB) and multispectral sensors to capture images of the plots over time. Machine learning models and various prediction scenarios revealed significant correlations between vegetation indices over time. Interestingly, the RGB sensor outperformed the multispectral sensor in trait prediction. Prediction accuracy across scenarios with untested genotypes and environments ranged from 0.40 to 0.70 for grain yield, 0.43 to 0.69 for days to anthesis, 0.51 to 0.67 for days to silking, and 0.35 to 0.57 for plant height. Ridge and random forest models consistently delivered the most accurate predictions across traits and environments. The vegetation indices normalized green–red difference index, VARI, and RCC also effectively predicted and captured the plant response to drought. This study highlights the value of UAS phenotyping as a practical tool for assessing abiotic stress due to its straightforward implementation.
Event‐Triggered Adaptive Asymptotic Tracking Control for Stochastic Non‐Linear Systems With Unknown Hysteresis: A New Switching Threshold Approach
Authors: Du Yang , Zhao Wei , Zhu Shan‐Liang , Hao Wei‐Jie , Liu Shi‐Cheng , Han Yu‐Qun
Published: January 2025

This paper proposes a novel event‐triggered adaptive asymptotic tracking control (ATC) method for stochastic non‐linear systems with unknown hysteresis. Firstly, in order to reduce the depletion of network resources while optimizing the asymptotic tracking performance of the system, a switching threshold mechanism (STM)‐based event‐triggered control (ETC) strategy is adopted. Secondly, a first‐order filter is utilized to address the problem of the contradiction between event‐triggered mechanism (ETM) output and rate‐dependent hysteresis actuator input. By incorporating an enhanced backstepping technique and a bounded estimation method, it is rigorously demonstrate that the system achieves zero tracking error, effectively compensates for unknown hysteresis, and ensures that all closed‐loop signals remain bounded in probability. Meanwhile, the Zeno phenomenon is excluded. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control scheme are verified by the simulation results.
Superatoms as Superior Catalysts: ZrO versus Pd
Authors: Kilic Mehmet Emin , Jena Puru
Published: January 2025

Single‐atom catalysts are the focus of studies for over a decade due to their enhanced reactivity at smaller sizes. However, they have limitations as they offer only one active site, which may not be sufficient for reactions requiring the co‐adsorption of multiple reactants. Additionally, atoms can migrate on a substrate and coalesce, resulting in decreased reactivity. Here, an alternate path, a single‐superatom catalyst is provided. Superatoms are clusters of atoms that mimic the chemistry of atoms even if they do not contain a single atom whose chemistry they mimic. Motivated by an experimental paper on the photoelectron‐spectroscopy of negatively charged ions where ZrO is found to mimic properties of a Pd atom, first the reaction of Pd and ZrO with small molecules in the gas‐phase is studied and found that ZrO not only mimics the chemistry of Pd, but is able to activate these molecules more strongly than Pd. A detailed first‐principles study of CO2 reduction (CO2‐RR) and hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) on Pd and ZrO supported on graphene, Au(111), and Cu(111) surfaces shows that superatoms are indeed superior catalysts. The ability to design numerous superatoms by varying size and composition offers a promising new paradigm for catalyst design and synthesis.
Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Polyaniline‐Boron Doped Diamond Electrode for Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Tomšík Elena , Boahene Stephen , Dragounová Kateřina Aubrechtová , Pfeifer Rene , Sharma Dhananjay Kumar , Szabó Ondrej , Walterová Zuzana , Potocký Štěpán , Kromka Alexander
Published: January 2025

Understanding how to tune the properties of electroactive materials is a key parameter for their applications in energy storage systems. This work presents a comprehensive study in tailoring polyaniline (PANI) suspensions by acid‐assisted polymerization method and their subsequent deposition on boron‐doped diamond (BDD) supports with low/high B concentrations. The porous or densely packed morphology of PANI is successfully controlled by varying the monomer‐to‐initiator ratio. The interaction between PANI and BDDs leads to the shift in oxidation and reduction potentials, and the high B doping resulted in the reduction of the oxidation potentials. Notably, the highest specific capacitance of 958 F g−1, which represents 90% of the theoretical capacitance, is recorded for the support with relatively low B content. Moreover, PANI obtained by slow kinetic has a stronger interaction with the B‐doped diamond support, which is confirmed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. This study provides valuable insights for optimizing PANI suspension preparation methods and selecting appropriate boron doping concentrations in nanodiamond supports for composite electrodes in energy storage applications.
N,O Co‐Doped Carbon Spheres Enable Stable Anode‐Less Sodium Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhang Rui , Zhu Xiaoxiao , Xie Tiancheng , Jiang Cairong , Ma Jianjun , Xie Chunlin , Ji Huimin , Wang Jin , Li Huanhuan , Wang Haiyan
Published: January 2025

Anode‐less sodium metal batteries (SMBs) suffer from the formation of Na dendrites and inactive Na on an anode substrate though showing advantages of high energy densities and low costs. Herein, N,O co‐doped carbon spheres (NOCS), which are synthesized via a scalable polymerization and pyrolysis method, are employed as a thin and stable sodiophillic nucleation layer on the Cu foil. Combined with electrochemical measurements, Na deposition morphology observations and density functional theory calculations, it is revealed that the introduced N and O heteroatoms can greatly enhance the adsorption of Na+ on the carbon substrate and reduce the nucleation overpotential, thus forming sufficient seeding sites and guiding homogeneous Na deposition. Consequently, the NOCS coated Cu electrode achieves the outstanding reversibility of Na plating/stripping process over 1000 cycles at 2 mA cm−2 with 2 mAh cm−2 in asymmetric cells, as well as over 1000 h at 0.5 mA cm−2 with 1 mAh cm−2 in symmetric cells. Moreover, this modified Cu foil enables the anode‐less full‐cell with a high‐loading Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode to deliver a high initial capacity of 103 mAh g−1 with a capacity retention of 79% after 350 cycles at 200 mA g−1, demonstrating the pave to the practical anode‐less SMBs.
Synergizing Soft Systems Methodology, Qualitative System Dynamics and TRIZ to Enhance Policy Implementation for Solid Waste Management in Vietnamese Municipalities
Authors: Trinh Lien T. K. , Hu Allen H. , Pham‐Phu Song‐Toan , Ghosh Sadhan‐Kumar
Published: January 2025

The growing urban population and high population densities burden trash collection and treatment facilities, especially in developing countries. Vietnam also faces waste contamination because most landfills are already overburdened, and other waste treatment systems have yet to be proven efficient. Policies and emergent measures have been implemented to curb the issue of contamination by garbage; however, the efforts are not as efficient as perceived. This research studied the present policies in solid waste management in Vietnam in a bid to develop a good conceptual model for policy implementation by assessing critical components and their relationships and defining essential paths required for effective implementation. This research methodology combines Soft System Methodology, Qualitative System Dynamics and TRIZ Inventive Principles to help take advantage of the merits of these methods in improving the efficiency of solid waste policy implementation. These were presented in interesting findings on the factors that affect policy implementation through a causal loop diagram, the root definition and a two‐level conceptual model composed of 13 activities to support the effective implementation of waste management policy. They include: making the policy goals more explicit, knowing the implementation plan, setting up monitoring groups with citizen groups playing the main roles, and the regular evaluation of effectiveness from implementation activities. Effective policy implementation strengthens sustainable solid waste management in that policy objectives are turned into action. Although this is a rather new approach, it gives useful results and can be used to formulate plans or programs of implementation. Future studies should be done with enlarged scope of studies in other localities in order to perform complete assessment of the national situation about waste management and also provide a conceptual model of policy implementation at both the national and local levels.
Recycling‐Induced Copper Contamination of a 42CrMo4 Quench and Tempering Steel—Scaling and Susceptibility to Hot Shortness
Authors: Gramlich Alexander , Shayan Sindokht , Babaei Nima , Klubakov Aleksei , Patterer Lena , Krupp Ulrich , Springer Hauke
Published: January 2025

Residual Cu in steel, stemming from electrified products, is not only difficult to remove but is well known for its potential to impact the surface quality, property profile, and production efficiency by causing cracks during thermomechanical processing of steels. Less well understood, however, are the precise mechanisms of hot shortness taking place in specific steel grades in view of their complex chemical concentrations affecting oxidation kinetics, phase formation, and elemental partitioning. Furthermore, evaluating the susceptibility of hot shortness is notoriously difficult due to the elevated temperatures and oxidizing atmospheres, and no widely accepted testing methodology has been established yet. This article aims to contribute to both fields through investigations on the effects of 1 wt% Cu addition to the medium carbon quench and tempering steel 42CrMo4. Two different hot tensile test variants are performed and resulting microstructures and oxide layers are analyzed. Electron backscatter diffraction and energy‐dispersive spectroscopy measurements reveal the formation of wuestite and magnetite, as well as a complex layer containing multiple oxide types. Metallic Cu is found embedded in this multiphase layer as well as within the matrix, decorating internally formed oxides. The complex interactions between oxide scale formation and the liquid metallic copper are outlined and discussed.