bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ORGANIZATION OF DIGITAL PRODUCTION OF PARTS FOR COMPONENTS OF SMALL-SIZE GAS TURBINE PLANTS
Authors:   Samara National Research University named after Academician S.P. Korolyov, Smelov V.G. , Kokareva V.V. ,   Samara National Research University named after Academician S.P. Korolyov, Chertykovtsev P.A. ,   Samara National Research University named after Academician S.P. Korolyov
Published: April 2024

The article presents the results of organizing the digital production of parts and assemblies of small-sized gas turbine units. A functional structure of information components of digital production of MSTU, a functional model of digital production, a context IDEF0-diagram of the functional model of the process “Digital Production of MSTU” have been developed, context diagrams “Production Management” and “Intelligent Solution” have been constructed, and a structural model of digital production has been presented. Three levels of digital production and their data attributes are presented. A scheme for the formation of production tasks has also been developed with a description of the attributes of these objects of the production system and the attributes of digital production events. The functional model of digital production was carried out in accordance with the standardization recommendations R 50.1.028-2001 Information technologies for supporting the product life cycle “Functional modeling methodology”. To create digital production, GOST R 57700.37–2021 “Computer models and modeling” was used. Digital twins of products. General provisions”, GOST R 59799 – 2021 “Smart production. Reference Architecture Model for Industry 4.0 (RAMI 4.0).”
CARBON POLYGONS AS A SOURCE OF CARBON FOOTPRINT DATA OF HUMANKIND
Authors:   P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vlasov A.V. , Glotov V.I. ,   P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: April 2024

The carbon cycle plays an important role in the Earth’s ecosystem and it is crucial for understanding climate change. This article explores the concepts of carbon polygons and carbon farms as innovative approaches to reduce carbon emissions and promote sustainable development practices. These areas facilitate the development and adaptation of technologies for measuring carbon sequestration, soil agrochemical studies, and comparing greenhouse gas emissions and absorbers in different ecosystems. The establishment of carbon polygons in Russia, such as the “Carbon” project, allows for accurate measurements of carbon sequestration and testing of different carbon sequestration methods. On the other hand, carbon farming, which is seen as a further development, aims to maximise the uptake of carbon dioxide by terrestrial ecosystems. This approach involves the strategic introduction of highly effi cient technologies and the cultivation of plants that excel at carbon capture and storage. The success of carbon polygons and carbon farming depends on a variety of factors. International cooperation and knowledge exchange are critical to advancing research, developing standard methodologies and establishing a global system for measuring carbon sequestration. Key words: carbon dioxide accumulation, fi eld studies, carbon polygon, ecological footprint
SPECIES RICHNESS OF CILIATES FROM A SMALL SWAMPY LAKE: COMMON PROBLEMS OF CONSERVATION AND PROTECTION OF THEIR BIODIVERSITY
Authors:   Samara Federal Research Scientific Center RAS, Institute of Ecology of Volga River Basin RAS, Bykova S.V.
Published: April 2024

This article presents the results of the fi rst study of the species composition of ciliates from the polyhumous lake Mohovoye, located in the Volga-Kama State Natural Biosphere Reserve; discusses the general issues of the need to organize the conservation and protection of protozoa and their habitats; provides a brief overview of the experience accumulated in the world on this issue. The aim of the work was to identify new and rare species of ciliates, to describe their autecological and distributional features as a descriptive basis for further identifi cation of potential diversity. 53 species have been recorded in the deep-water part of the lake, while there are species that have not even been identifi ed to the genus level. Lacrymaria cf. sapropeliсa Kahl, 1927, Trichospira inversa (Claparède & Lachmann, 1858), two species from the family Spathidiidae, as well as the main dominant Pseudoblepharisma tenue var. viride (Kahl, 1926) have not previously been recorded in this region. Their detection is more likely due to the low level of study of such undisturbed habitats than to the endemism of these species. The uniqueness of the lake and the whole complex of ciliates species lies in the signifi cant magnitude of the maximum abundance – 753.7 million cells/m3 ; 53-75% of the abundance was formed by P. tenue var. viride (Kahl, 1926), which is a rare species in other waterbodies. In general, mainly mixotrophic ciliares form a very narrow and high, like a “bacterial plate” abundance maximum. The problem of the conservation of the ciliates biodiversity lies in the underestimation of their importance, due to their inconspicuousness and cosmopolitanism; the low attractiveness of small reservoirs as “pockets of diversity” for limnologists and the lack of well-trained specialists in the systematics of ciliates who can be able to competently combine morphological and molecular genetic research methods.
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF NEGATIVE ECOLOGICAL IMPACT IN AREAS OF OIL FIELDS OF SAMARA REGION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF ZOLNENSKOYE AND YAKUSHKINSKOYE FIELDS)
Authors:   Samara Federal Research Center of Russian Academy of Science, Institute of Ecology of Volga Basing RAS, Vasilyev A.V. , Ganin A.I. ,   Samara Federal Research Center of Russian Academy of Science, Institute of Ecology of Volga Basing RAS, Saksonov S.S. ,   Samara Federal Research Center of Russian Academy of Science, Institute of Ecology of Volga Basing RAS
Published: April 2024

In this paper oil fields of Samara region are considered (Zolnenskoye and Yakushkinskoye) as objects of negative ecological impact. Results of experimental researches of the state of environmental parameters in areas of oil fields by qualitative chemical analysis and biological testing methods are described. In a number of cases increased content of oil products and of heavy metals was determined in soil and in water environment. Results of work are allowing us to carry out more efficient and high quality monitoring of environmental state in areas of oil fields and to develop the measures to reduce negative impact.
ГИСТОПАТОЛОГИИ ПЕЧЕНИ У ПЛОТВЫ (RUTILUS RUTILUS ) И УКЛЕЙКИ (ALBURNUS ALBURRNUS) ИЗ Р. БОЛЬШОЙ ЧЕРЕМШАН
Authors:   Samara Federal Research Scientific Center RAS, Institute of Ecology of Volga River Basin RAS, Mineev A.K.
Published: April 2024

The results of histopathological studies of the liver of two mass fi sh species of the Bolshoy Cheremshan River are presented: roach (Rutilus rutilus Linnaeus, 1758) and bleak (Alburnus alburnus Linnaeus, 1758). Using standard histological techniques, fi ve types of detected liver disorders and pathologies were studied. The excess of normal indicators of the occurrence of fi sh with detected liver histopathologies in populations exposed to the greatest adverse effects was recorded, which is one of the signs of their distress in the environmental conditions of some sections of the watercourse. The number of individuals with liver histopathologies at two research stations reached high values, and the occurrence of detected types of pathologies exceeded the value of their spontaneous formation (1%). The revealed pathologies had different degrees of severity for fi sh (2-5 points on a fi ve-point scale). On sections of the river with increased anthropogenic load, damage of an irreversible nature and life-threatening has been recorded. In areas of the river with increased anthropogenic load, damage of an irreversible nature and threatening the life of fi sh was recorded: dysplasia and lipoid degeneration of hepatocytes. Thus, the direct connection of the occurrence of the detected liver histopathologies with the level of anthropogenic load on the ecosystem of the studied reservoir has been confi rmed. The possibility of using histological parameters of fi sh to assess the infl uence of a complex of unfavorable environmental factors on individuals as an indicator of the ecological state of the reservoir is shown. The presented data are the fi rst data on the morphophysiological state of two fi sh species that form the basis of the ichthyofauna of the Bolshoy Cheremshan River.
HELMINTH FAUNA OF BIRDS IN THE SMOLNY NATIONAL PARK AND ADJACENT TERRITORIES (REPUBLIC OF MORDOVIA)
Authors:   Samara Federal Research Scientific Center RAS, Institute of Ecology of Volga River Basin RAS, Kirillova N.Yu. , Kirillov A.A. ,   Samara Federal Research Scientific Center RAS, Institute of Ecology of Volga River Basin RAS, Spiridonov S.N. ,   Mordovia State Pedagogical University
Published: April 2024

We studied the helminth fauna in birds 35 species of birds from Passeriformes, Piciformes and Caprimulgiformes in the Smolny National Park and its surroundings in 2018–2022. In total, 23 species of helminths were identifi ed in birds: 8 trematodes, 10 cestodes and 5 nematodes. We presented taxonomic position, host range, rates of infection, and geographical distribution for each helminth species. The most diversity of helminth fauna is in Turdus phylomelos (10 species) and Turdus merula (7). In Parus major and Fringilla coelebs, six and fi ve species were recorded, respectively. The helminth faunas in Anthus trivialis and Ficedula hypoleuca are poor (4 species each). In total, three species of parasites were found in Erithacus rubecula, Poecile montanus, Sylvia atricapilla, Ficedula albicollis and Dendrocopos leucotos. One species, the trematode Morishitium polonicum, was revealed in birds of the Russian fauna for the fi rst time (in Coccothraustes coccothraustes and T. merula). Four cestode species, Capiuterilepis naja, Birovilepis sobolevi, B. spasskayae and Monopylidium passerinum were recorded for the fi rst time in the Middle Volga region. New hosts were identifi ed for nine species of parasitic worms. One species, the nematode Physocephalus sexalatus, found in the birds of the Smolny National Park and its surroundings have veterinary and medical signifi cance as potential pathogen of dangerous helminthiasis.
THE STATE OF AMPHIBIAN PROTECTION (AMPHIBIA) OF SPECIALLY PROTECTED NATURAL TERRITORIES OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SAMARA REGION
Authors:   Samara Federal Research Scientific Center RAS, Institute of Ecology of the Volga River Basin RAS, Kuzovenko A.E. , Faizulin A.I. ,   Samara Federal Research Scientific Center RAS, Institute of Ecology of the Volga River Basin RAS
Published: April 2024

Data on the species composition of amphibians of 25 active, 10 projected and 4 prospective protected areas of regional significance in the Samara region are presented. In total, 12 species were noted for the research area, taking into account promising protected areas. Measures are recommended to regulate the use of amphibians in the region in addition to existing animal protection measures.
DYNAMICS OF WATER BLOOMING IN THE AREA IN FRONT OF THE KUIBYSHEV RESERVOIR DAM
Authors:   Samara Federal Research Scientific Center RAS, Institute of Ecology of Volga River Basin RAS, Rakhuba A.V.
Published: April 2024

The results of studies of the vertical distribution and seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton development by chlorophyll a in the dam part of the Kuibyshev reservoir in the summer of 2012 are presented. The analysis of the nature of the formation of "flowering" of water by temperature and other physico-chemical indicators is carried out. It is shown that the dynamics of phytoplankton growth has a multi-peak structure, due not only to fluctuations in the thermal regime, but also to the nature of the vertical distribution of mineral phosphorus. Each peak of intensive phytoplankton growth reduces the concentration of phosphates in the photic layer of water to minimum values, causing its deficiency and a further decline in the "flowering" of water. In the inter-peak period, as a result of turbulent exchange, the concentration of phosphates is leveled in depth and then, under favorable conditions, everything repeats at a new stage of phytoplankton development. The data obtained demonstrate the mechanism of phytoplankton response to changes in environmental factors.
APPLICATION OF THE "SERVQUAL" TECHNIQUEON THE EXAMPLE OF AN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE
Authors:   Kazan National Research Technical University named after A. N. Tupolev, Valieva E.A. , Kozlova A.T. ,   Kazan National Research Technical University named after A. N. Tupolev
Published: April 2024

This article presents several types of consumer behavior, such as intentional, unintentional, voluntary and coercive behavior. If the consumer is dissatisfied, he can file a complaint, and the task of the enterprise is to adequately compensate for the inconvenience caused. The "SERVQUAL" methodology forms the basis for access to factors affecting consumers' perception of the overall quality of the company's services. It allows you to evaluate the quality based on the discrepancy between the expectations and the actual experience of consumers. The main goal of enterprises using this technique is continuous improvement of work and the level of quality of services. Internal consumers are an important asset for any organization that intends to achieve its goals. Therefore, it is very important that an industrial enterprise shows more initiative in improving the lives of its workers, so that their motivated attitude can lead to success in providing services and financial results. No work can be completed successfully if management does not take into account issues affecting the staff. Thus, it is extremely important that the management of an industrial enterprise study all the methods we have proposed, the personnel factors discussed, which include aspects such as offering training for their workers, honest promotion, raising workers' wages, a positive organizational culture, ensuring good relations between workers, as well as ensuring that workers they were aware of their expectations.
GUIDANCE AND CONTROL OF A SPACE ROBOT DURING FLIGHTS IN A LOW-ORBIT CONSTELLATION OF EARTH SURVEY MINI-SATELLITES
Authors:   Samara Federal Research Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Somov Ye.I. , Butyrin S.A. ,   Samara Federal Research Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Somov S.Ye. ,   Samara Federal Research Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Somova T.Ye. ,   Samara State Technical University
Published: April 2024

Developed algorithms for guidance and motion control of a space robot when approaching with mini-satellites in adjacent orbital planes of low-orbit constellation for the earth survey and the results of computer verification demonstrating their effectiveness are presented.
STUDYING THE STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF SORPTION MATERIALS MADE ON THE BASIS OF MODIFIED BENTONITE
Authors:   Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Atamanova O.V. , Tikhomirova E.I. ,   Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Glubokaya A.S. ,   Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Koshelev A.V. ,   State Research Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology
Published: April 2024

The results of comparing the structure and chemical composition of two modifications of bentonite (modified with carbon nanotubes, granulated and fired at a temperature of 550 °C and granulated, fired at a temperature of 550 °C and hydrophobized) are given in the article. In the work, bentonite with a granule size of 0.1 ... 1.0 mm was used. The results of scanning electron microscopy of the surface of bentonite granules of both studied modifications were studied before and after the adsorption of Fe2+ and Cu2+ ions. After passing model solutions of CuSO4∙5H2O and FeSO4∙7H2O through the sorbents at a significant magnification, it was observed that the surface of the granules is partially covered with foreign inclusions (inclusions), which are visible at a significant magnification and look quite contrasting with respect to the surface of the sorbent granules. The chemical composition of the samples of the studied sorption materials was obtained using an energy-dispersive spectrometer built into a scanning electron microscope.A comparative analysis of the chemical composition of the surfaces of particles of both modifications of bentonite showed that before passing through them model solutions, bentonite with carbon nanotubes contains a larger amount of carbon, and hydrophobizedbentonite contains a larger amount of oxygen. In both samples, silicon is the predominant element in the structure, aluminum, carbon, and oxygen make up a smaller proportion, and even less is calcium.A small proportion are metals - magnesium, sodium, calcium, iron, potassium.An analysis of the chemical composition of the surfaces of bentonite samples of both modifications subjected to sorption showed the presence on the surface of the sorbents of a significant amount of chemical elements: iron and copper, which confirms the adsorption capacity of these materials. Laboratory studies have established the basic mechanical and physical properties of bentonites of both modifications. The experimentally established highest adsorption values of heavy metal ions Fe2+ and Cu2+ on granular bentonite, fired at a temperature of 550 °C and hydrophobized, characterized by a sufficiently high specific surface area, make it possible to recommend this modification of bentonite as an effective sorption material for water purification from Fe2+ and Cu2+ ions.
ANALYSIS OF THE FEATURES OF MODEL WATERS PURIFICATION FROM COPPER AND NICKEL IONS BY HEAT-TREATED CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIAL
Authors:   Belgorod State Technological University named after V. G. Shukhov, Svyatchenko A.V. , Sapronova Zh.A. ,   Belgorod State Technological University named after V. G. Shukhov, Sverguzova S.V. ,   Belgorod State Technological University named after V. G. Shukhov
Published: April 2024

Adsorption is known as one of the traditional wastewater treatment methods, which is considered effective against heavy metals. At present, plant wastes are often studied as a raw material for inexpensive sorbents obtaining. The article analyzes the effectiveness of a sorption material use obtained by cellulose-containing waste thermal modification in relation to copper and nickel ions. It was established that sorption has a physical character, the maximum sorption capacity for Cu2+ ions was 0.320 mmol/g, for Nu2+ ions 0.342 mmol/g. The processing of the isotherm using the mathematical models of Langmuir and Freindlich indicates the phenomena of multilayer adsorption on a material that has various active sorption centers with unequal energies.
Investigating Practical Content Delivery Perspectives among Engineering Students: Insights from Tertiary Institutions in South-West Nigeria
Authors: Adelakun Najeem O. , Omolola Samuel A.
Published: April 2024

The lack of enthusiasm among students for practical classes is alarming. This prompted the need for an investigation into the issues of engineering education, with a focus on practical content delivery perspectives. An online questionnaire was completed by 325 respondents from tertiary institutions in southwest Nigeria, resulting in responses. This ensured diversity in age, gender, field of study, and academic level, providing detailed insights into the composition of the respondent pool. Notably, the majority of participants (295) are male, with only 30 females, highlighting a gender disparity that is common in most tertiary institutions. The distribution across fields and academic levels illustrates the diversity of engineering disciplines and academic advancement. For instance, electrical/electronics engineering received 153 responses, with ND 1 students being the most represented. A comprehensive evaluation of practical session challenges revealed widespread consensus on issues such as time constraints, insufficient equipment, and overcrowded classes. The mean values revealed the relative importance of each criterion, providing a more comprehensive understanding of respondents' viewpoints. The study concludes with innovative strategies for improving hands-on education while addressing identified shortcomings. The recommendations include improved access to resources, increased industry participation, modernization of equipment, standardized content delivery, technology-enabled learning, faculty development, structured coaching, adaptive assessments, and regular curriculum evaluations. These programs aim to promote continuous improvement and create a positive and productive learning environment for engineering students. This study provides valuable insights and practical solutions for enhancing the delivery of content, bridging gaps, and improving the quality of engineering education.
Banking Risk Management: Assessment of Existing Company Practices
Authors:   Innovative University of Eurasia, Kazakhstan, Narynbaeva Aina , Stetsenko Inna ,   Baltic International Academy, Latvia, Zhumataeva Janelle ,   Innovative University of Eurasia, Kazakhstan,   Innovative University of Eurasia, Kazakhstan, Magambetova Gulsezim
Published: April 2024

Main problem is that banking is one of the most important sectors of the economy all over the world. Being high-tech, it is most susceptible to ongoing changes, both at the macro and micro levels. As practice shows, such changes are associated with the increasing internationalization of credit institutions and markets, improvement of banking legislation and modern computer technologies, increased competition, and the emergence of new banking products and services in financial markets. The relevance of the topic of the master's thesis is that in order to ensure the effective functioning of a commercial bank, it is necessary to form, use and integrate into the bank's management structure mechanisms for effective protection against the negative impact of uncertainties arising in the course of banking activities. Such a mechanism is banking risk management. Purpose of this article is to study the existing problems of the effectiveness of bank risk management and develop practical recommendations for its improvement. Methods: The methodological basis of the work is the general scientific methods of comparative-systemic, structural-level, dialectical, vertical and horizontal analysis, qualitative and quantitative approaches and analytical techniques. In substantiating the theoretical provisions of the conclusions and recommendations, economic, statistical and empirical methods of cognition were used. Results and their significance: The theoretical and practical significance of the study lies in the development of theoretical provisions of a comprehensive analysis of banking risk management, as well as in the possibility of using the developed conclusions and recommendations in the practical activities of commercial banks. The analysis of the state and assessment of the effectiveness of risk management of commercial banks was carried out, the analysis of the features of the mechanism of functioning of risk management was carried out.
Test as a Method of Psychology. Development History and Basic Requirements
Authors:   Innovative University of Eurasia, Kazakhstan, Zabegalin Oleg , Melnichuk Julia ,   Innovative University of Eurasia, Kazakhstan, Vishnitskaya Victoria ,   Karaganda Buketov university, Kazakhstan
Published: April 2024

Main problem: The article highlights the problem of tests as methods of psychology, the influence of validity and reliability on the results of psychological research. Purpose: Uncovering the significance of validity and reliability on psychological research results. Results and their significance: Testing is an important method in psychology, allowing measuring various aspects of the psyche and behavior of a person. The history of the development of tests in psychology goes back more than a century and began with the work of Francis Galton and Alfred Binet. Over time, the tests have become widely used in various fields such as education, personnel selection, clinical diagnosis and research. Basic requirements for tests include reliability (repeatability of results), validity (measurement accuracy), standardization (same test conditions) and objectivity (lack of subjectivity in assessment). Tests must be designed using psychometric principles to ensure accuracy and validity of results. Modern tests include a variety of measurement techniques, such as tests of personality, intelligence, aptitude, and professional skills. The use of tests in psychology requires professional training to correctly interpret the results and make valid conclusions. Testing as a method of psychology continues to evolve, and its role remains key in the study of the human psyche and behavior. Testing in psychology has a wide range of applications, including assessing personality traits, identifying psychological disorders, and predicting behavior and success in various areas of life. The development of computer-based tests and online platforms makes testing more efficient and convenient for researchers and participants. Modern tests increasingly take into account cultural differences and the diversity of individual characteristics, which contributes to more accurate and tailored assessments. It is important to remember that the use of tests requires ethics, confidentiality and compliance to ensure the reliability and validity of the data obtained.
Methodological Aspects of Inclusive Education in the Field of IT Technologies
Authors:   Innovative University of Eurasia, Kazakhstan, Prokopets Elena
Published: April 2024

The main problem: Today, the introduction of inclusive education is becoming one of the priorities of the state policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the system of modern education. In accordance with the law on Education, equal access to quality education for citizens is guaranteed, taking into account their intellectual development, psychophysiological and individual characteristics. The article is devoted to the analysis of the development of inclusive education. The author considers the problems on the way to the introduction of inclusive education, provides an analysis of the experience of conducting an IT school within the framework of inclusive education. An attempt has been made to identify the factors contributing to the successful implementation of inclusive education methods in the modern educational space. Objective: To consider the issues of the development of inclusive education in the Republic of Kazakhstan. To present the methodology of teaching children with special educational needs, to suggest possible ways to solve problems on the way of introducing inclusive education into the domestic education system. Methods: The methods of analysis, synthesis and deduction were used in the article. Results and their significance: Based on the results of the work carried out aimed at identifying the main problems hindering the process of implementing inclusive education, as well as based on the results of the analysis and the identified main aspects in the cognitive activity of children with hearing and speech disorders, the author of the article proposes a methodology for teaching children multimedia technologies. In addition, the author clearly substantiates the need to prepare a teacher for the use of inclusive education methods, due to the lack of willingness of some teachers to teach in a class (group) in which people with disabilities study, fearing to get into a situation of psychological and professional discomfort.
Enhancing sustainable development in education: Reality of cloud computing applications in activating e-learning at King Faisal University
Authors: El Koshiry Amr
Published: April 2024

After the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the world turned towards intensifying the implementation of modern educational technologies in general, especially those related to remote teaching and learning. These technologies have proven to save learners considerable time and effort, particularly in emergencies that necessitate a shift from traditional to remote education systems. They offer easy and secure methods for remote teaching and learning. One of the most significant modern technologies in this context is cloud computing, a term that refers to on-demand access to computer resources and systems over the network. Cloud computing can deliver a range of integrated computer services without being constrained by local resources, aiming to facilitate user interaction. The successful use and integration of cloud computing applications in educational institutions are key indicators of achieving outstanding educational quality. This includes attaining the highest possible levels of sustainable development competencies in education. The effectiveness of utilizing these applications is contingent upon the proper management of educational technology applications and their flexible and rapid activation from any location through the Internet. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the current utilization and deployment of cloud computing applications in activating e-learning at King Faisal University and provide insight into realizing the desired outcomes of implementing one of the most crucial e-learning technologies as a means of achieving sustainable development in education. This was accomplished by identifying the problems and challenges facing the use and deployment of this technology in educational institutions in the Kingdom, specifically at King Faisal University. Additionally, the study aimed to propose ways to enhance the utilization of certain applications utilizing this technology in e-learning within educational institutions.
Ferramentas de machine learning na gestão de doenças crónicas: uma scoping review
Authors: Soares-Pinto Igor , Sá Marta Sofia Ferreira , Alves Ana Margarida Martins Bastos , Sousa Maria Teresa Barbosa Pinto , Carvalho Ana Vanessa Fernandes , Moreira Cátia
Published: April 2024

Enquadramento: a implementação de tecnologias baseadas em Inteligência Artificial (IA) na área da saúde, nomeadamente o machine learning (ML), tem causado um efeito transformacional significativo. A sua utilização melhora a previsão de doenças, classificação e diagnóstico, beneficiando os utentes e os profissionais de saúde. Objetivo: mapear as ferramentas de ML para a gestão de doenças crónicas, com relevância para os cuidados de enfermagem à pessoa com doença crónica. Metodologia: scoping review com base nas recomendações do Instituto Joanna Briggs. A pesquisa foi efetuada nas bases de dados MEDLINE Complete via PUBMED, CINAHL Complete via EBSCO, SCOPUS, OpenGrey, RCAAP e DART-Europe, sem limite de temporal. Resultados: foram incluídos sete artigos e identificadas 9 ferramentas de ML associados à gestão de doenças crónicas nomeadamente doença renal crónica, doença pulmonar obstrutiva crónica, hepatite C, insuficiência cardíaca e insuficiência venosa crónica. Conclusão: as ferramentas identificadas têm potencial de contribuir para a melhoria dos cuidados de enfermagem, nomeadamente na identificação de fatores de risco associados a doenças crónicas, detetar precocemente exacerbações, monitorizar e avaliar continuamente a eficácia do tratamento e apoiar a tomada de decisões clínicas.
The Emerging Trends of 3d Printing Techniques in Pharma Sector
Authors: Mukherjee Jayanti , Shruthi Pothulapalli , Sanjana Nagulapally , Varshitha Peddi , Rao T. Rama
Published: April 2024

Technology involving 3-dimensional printing has begun to revolutionize several fields, including pharmacy. In pharmacy, it offers a reliable avenue for precision medicine, dosage forms and drug delivery systems. The creation of complex drug structures with precise control over composition, shape and release kinetics, catering to individual patient needs has been possible with the intervention of this method. One significant utilization in pharmacy is the customization of dosage forms. Traditional manufacturing methods often struggle to produce tailored medications for patients with unique requirements, such as paediatric or geriatric populations. With 3D printing, pharmacists can create personalized medication with appropriate dosages, structures, and release kinetics, improving patient adherence and beneficial results. Moreover, sophisticated medication delivery systems may be created thanks to 3D printing. For instance, multi- layered tablets can be designed to release multiple drugs at different rates, optimizing treatment regimens for conditions requiring combination therapies. Furthermore, intricate structures like porous scaffolds or micro needle arrays can facilitate targeted drug delivery, enhancing bioavailability and minimizing side effects. Additionally, 3D printing facilitates the rapid prototyping of pharmaceutical formulations, accelerating the drug development process. Researchers can efficiently iterate through various designs, optimizing formulations for efficacy, stability and manufacturability. Despite its promise, challenges remain in integrating 3D printing into mainstream pharmacy practice, including regulatory hurdles, material selection and scalability issues. However, ongoing advancements in technology and collaborations between academia, industry and regulatory agencies are driving progress in overcoming these barriers. In conclusion, 3D printing technology holds immense potential to transform pharmacy by enabling personalized medicine, new dosage formulations and cutting-edge medication delivery technologies. As research and development in this field continue, the prospect of tailored pharmaceuticals tailored to individual patient needs becomes increasingly attainable.
GOVERNMENT ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE READINESS AND BRAIN DRAIN: INFLUENCING FACTORS AND SPATIAL EFFECTS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION MEMBER STATES
Authors: Iuga Iulia Cristina , Socol Adela
Published: April 2024

In the swiftly advancing field of Artificial Intelligence (AI), a field where every country aims to keep pace, significant disparities are observed in how different nations adopt AI. This study explores the deep, yet insufficiently studied, effects of AI on societal, economic, and environmental aspects. It particularly examines how brain drain influences governmental AI implementation capabilities, addressing a gap in existing literature. The study investigates the interplay between government AI implementation and brain drain, factoring in macroeconomic conditions, governance quality, educational levels, and R&D efforts. Utilizing 2022 data from European Union countries, the research employs instrumental-variables regressions (2SLS and LIML) to counteract endogeneity and uses clustering methods for categorizing countries based on their government AI levels, alongside spatial analysis to detect cross-national spillovers and interactions. The findings reveal brain drain’s detrimental effect on governmental AI preparedness, highlight clustering tendencies, and identify spatial interdependencies. This paper underscores the need for strategic policy-making and institutional reforms to bolster government AI capabilities. It advocates for a paradigm shift in government frameworks post-New Public Management era, tailored to the new challenges posed by AI. The research, however, is limited to a single year and region, with constraints on data availability and indicator breadth.
Is It Possible to Know Cosmological Fine-tuning?
Authors: Díaz-Pachón Daniel Andrés , Hössjer Ola , Mathew Calvin
Published: April 2024

Fine-tuning studies whether some physical parameters, or relevant ratios between them, are located within so-called life-permitting intervals of small probability outside of which carbon-based life would not be possible. Recent developments have found estimates of these probabilities that circumvent previous concerns of measurability and selection bias. However, the question remains whether fine-tuning can indeed be known. Using a mathematization of the concepts of learning and knowledge acquisition, we argue that most examples that have been touted as fine-tuned cannot be formally assessed as such. Nevertheless, fine-tuning can be known when the physical parameter is seen as a random variable and it is supported in the nonnegative real line, provided the size of the life-permitting interval is small in relation to the observed value of the parameter.
Prioritizing plant parasitic nematode and mollusca species likely to be introduced and threaten agriculture, forestry, and biodiversity in Zambia: A horizon scanning approach
Authors: Mulema Joseph , Mfune Sydney , Kankuma Mwanda Francisca , Phiri Sydney , Bbebe Nchimunya , Chandipo Rodwell , Chijikwa Mutibo , Chimutingiza Hildah , Kachapulula Paul , Matimelo Mathews , Mazimba-Sikazwe Emma , Mkulama Mtawa , Moonga Miyanda , Mphande Wiza , Mufwaya Millens , Mulenga Rabson , Mweemba Brenda , Ndalamei Mabote Damien , Nkunika Phillip O.Y , Tembo Mathias , Chowa Judith , Nthenga Isaiah , Kasoma Chapwa , Charles Lucinda , Makale Fernadis , Rwomushana Ivan , Phiri Noah Anthony
Published: April 2024

Introduction of invasive alien species (quarantine pests) through intentional or unintentional human-mediated activities has caused enormous economic and environmental impacts necessitating forward planning to identify, prioritise, and prevent their introduction. Using CABI’s Horizon Scanning Tool, 26 mollusca and 199 plant parasitic nematode (PPN) species not reported as present in Zambia were identified. The list was refined to focus on species affecting Zambia’s important value chains resulting in final lists of 130 PPN and 20 mollusca species that were subjected to risk assessment using agreed guidelines. The possible highest and lowest overall risk scores expected were 250 and 2 respectively. The highest overall score was 140 obtained for Arion hortensis, Cornu aspersum, and Deroceras reticulatumi (mollusca) and Pratylenchus penetrans, P. thornei, and Rotylenchulus reniformis (PPN) and the lowest for mollusca was 10, recorded for Arion ater and for PPN, three, recorded by for Peltamigratus luci. Nine (45%; N=20) and 58 (45%; N=130) of the assessed mollusca and PPN species respectively, attained a suggested minimum overall risk score of 54 necessary for instituting phytosanitary measures that limit pest introduction. All assessed mollusca species were likely be introduced through the contaminant and stowaway pathways. The majority (54%; n=70; N=130) of the PPN species were likely to be introduced via contaminant or stowaway pathways, 7 (5%) and 53 (41%) solely as contaminants and stowaways, respectively. Eleven of the PPN are known vectors of pathogenic organisms. Five of the vectored viruses recorded overall risk scores above 54 and included Tomato ringspot virus (105), Tobacco rattle virus (90), Pea early-browning virus (72), Tomato black ring virus (70), and Arabis mosaic virus (60). The assessed PPN were also vectored by insects (order Coleoptera and families, Cerambycidae, Curculionidae, and Dryophthoridae), three of which recorded overall risk scores above the suggested minimum, Monochamus galloprovincialis (60) Orthotomicus erosus (100), and Rhynchophorus palmarum (72). Actions to limit introduction were also suggested for pathogenic organism vectored by PPN and vectors of PPN. The information from this assessment will guide a number of interventions aimed at developing strategies that prevent introduction and spread of assessed mollusca and PPN species
Navigating taxonomic complexity: A use-case report on FAIR scientific name-matching service usage in ENVRI Research Infrastructures
Authors: Islam Sharif , Papale Dario , Vaira Lucia , Rosati Ilaria , Peterseil Johannes , Pichot Christian
Published: April 2024

This paper presents a use-case conducted within the ENVRI FAIR project, examining challenges and opportunities in deploying FAIR-aligned (ensuring Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability and Reusability) scientific name-matching services across Environmental Research Infrastructures (RIs). Six services were tested using various name variations, revealing inconsistencies in match types, status reporting and handling of canonical forms and typos. These diversities pose challenges for RI data pipelines and interoperability. The paper underscores the importance of standardised tools, enhanced communication, training, collaboration and shared resources. Addressing these needs can facilitate more effective FAIR implementation within the ENVRI community and biodiversity research. This, in turn, will empower RIs to seamlessly integrate and leverage scientific names, unlocking the full potential of their data for research and policy implementation.
Effectiveness of Korean Red Ginseng on fatigue in patients with rheumatic diseases: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Cho Soo-Kyung , Song Yeo-Jin , Han Jung-Yong , Kim Hye Won , Nam Eunwoo , Sung Yoon-Kyoung
Published: April 2024

Background: To evaluate the effectiveness of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) in managing fatigue in Korean patients with rheumatic diseasesMethods: Patients were randomly assigned to KRG (2 g/day, n = 60) or placebo (n = 60) groups for 12 weeks of blind phase and then open-label KRG from weeks 12 to 24 (placebo-KRG, continuous-KRG). The primary outcome was the improvement rate in fatigue, defined by an increase in Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT)-Fatigue scores at 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes included changes in FACIT-Fatigue and fatigue visual analog scale (VAS) between 0 and 12 weeks and those changes in both indices at 24 weeks.Results: The study enrolled 120 patients (Sjogren syndrome [n = 53], rheumatoid arthritis [n = 43], or both diseases [n = 24]). The mean age was 50.9 ± 11.6 years, with 97.5% being female. Baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups. The improvement rate in FACIT-Fatigue after 12 weeks was higher in the KRG group than in the placebo group, but the difference was statistically insignificant (38.3% vs. 26.7%, p = 0.242). Improvement in fatigue was observed in both groups by increases in FACIT-F (4.6 vs. 4.0) and reductions in fatigue VAS (-16.0 vs. -12.2) scores at 12 weeks. The most frequently reported adverse events during KRG use were pruritus and urticarial, with no significant difference between the two groups.Conclusions: Both KRG and placebo groups showed significant reductions in fatigue. KRG treatment for 24 weeks did not reduce fatigue symptoms more than the placebo in patients with rheumatic diseases.
L’addiction à internet, une réalité contemporaine au Bénin : analyse exploratoire des facteurs associés chez des étudiants du secteur médical et paramédical en 2022
Authors: Glele Ahanhanzo Yolaine , Olatoundé Agnidé Ally Farid , Dansou Pleck , Sossa Jérôme Charles , Kpozehouen Alphonse , Sopoh Ghislain Emmanuel
Published: April 2024

Introduction : De nos jours, l’addiction à Internet est une préoccupation majeure en raison de l’évolution croissante du nombre d’internautes mais aussi de ses conséquences. But de l’étude : Dans cette étude, nous avons déterminé la prévalence et les facteurs associés à l’addiction à Internet chez les étudiants des sciences de la santé de l’Université d’Abomey-Calavi. Méthodes : Il s’agit d’une étude transversale menée auprès de 346 étudiants de la Faculté des sciences de la santé et de l’Institut national médico-sanitaire de l’Université d’Abomey-Calavi. Ces derniers ont été sélectionnés par échantillonnage aléatoire simple. L’addiction à Internet a été mesurée grâce à l’outil « Internet addiction test de Young ». Une modélisation par régression logistique a été utilisée pour explorer les facteurs associés à l’addiction à Internet. La force de l’association a été évaluée avec un rapport de cotes et son intervalle de confiance (IC) à 95 % ; une valeur p <0,05 dans le modèle final a été considérée comme significative. Résultats : La prévalence de l’addiction à Internet était de 31,8 % (IC95 % : [23,26 % - 41,38 %]). La filière d’études, les mauvaises relations avec les proches, les difficultés de communication, la dépression et la consommation de substances psychoactives étaient associées à l’addiction à Internet. Conclusions : Il existe des évidences qui montrent l’addiction à Internet des étudiants des institutions universitaires de santé au Benin. Ces évidences peuvent soutenir la mise en place de stratégies de prévention et de prise en charge axées sur la communication autour d’un phénomène encore insuffisamment perçu comme le problème de santé publique qu’il constitue.
El incremento de la identidad catalana bajo la rama menor de los Trastámara
Authors: Belenguer Cebriá Ernest
Published: April 2024

Este artículo forma parte de un monográfico sobre las identidades catalanas. En este caso el objetivo es el de ver cómo estas últimas actúan ante la Monarquía Trastámara que se hizo con el trono de la Corona de Aragón después del Compromiso de Caspe. El método consiste en ir recorriendo la situación reinado tras reinado desde Fernando I de Antequera hasta Fernando II el Rey Católico. Las fuentes obviamente son archivísticas y bibliográficas. Además, se ha de señalar una guerra civil llevada a cabo por las Cortes, la Diputación y los consellers —dirigentes— de Barcelona enfrentados a la Monarquía y la Cataluña del interior. Guerra que estalló cuando murió el primogénito de la Corona de Aragón, el príncipe de Viana, y no se logró que el nuevo heredero Fernando fuera reconocido por todas las instituciones. Después la victoria fue de Juan II y de su hijo Fernando entre 1472 y 1479. Las conclusiones son evidentes pese al redreç —reforma— de Fernando II. Se podría afirmar que después del siglo XV a largo plazo no hay vencedores ni vencidos y que el autoritarismo monárquico junto a su Inquisición tuvieron que convivir con el pactismo constitucional catalán.
Diario de Navarra como cruce de caminos de la conjuración y de los partidos derechistas navarros hasta julio de 1936 y su posterior proceso de “carlistización”
Authors: Mikelarena Peña Fernando
Published: April 2024

En este artículo se analizan mediante un estudio cualitativo las relaciones de Diario de Navarra con los partidos derechistas navarros y con la conspiración hasta julio de 1936, aduciendo informaciones novedosas no ponderadas hasta el momento y recalcando el papel desempeñado en las mismas por el subdirector del periódico, Eladio Esparza. Nos centraremos en Renovación Española por ser el partido en el que militaban significados miembros de Diario de Navarra, y también en Comunión Tradicionalista y en Falange, por ser estas las formaciones más activas en la conjura, tras julio de 1936. Asimismo, analizaremos el proceso de «carlistización» registrado por dicho periódico a partir del golpe de Estado y en el que el mencionado Esparza tuvo un protagonismo esencial y que habría sido motivado por un intento de resistencia hacia los propósitos de apropiación del periódico por parte de la Falange. Dicho proceso de «carlistización» es un elemento importante que ayuda a interpretar la evolución de Navarra durante el primer franquismo.
Frontera y violencia. La huella del terrorismo de ETA en La Rioja (1978-1992)
Authors: Mota Zurdo David
Published: April 2024

Este artículo es un análisis de la huella que ha dejado ETA en La Rioja durante la Transición y la democracia. Cubre un espacio historiográfico prácticamente vacío, el concerniente al estudio del terrorismo endógeno desde una perspectiva territorial. El estudio de una comunidad limítrofe con Euskadi y Navarra, como es La Rioja, permite poner de relieve el impacto del terrorismo sobre sus límites espaciales, a la par que sirve para discutir la posición subsidiaria que esta región ha ocupado a la hora de explicar la historia de ETA. Para demostrar esta hipótesis se examinan en perspectiva una selección de atentados que cometió la organización terrorista en La Rioja y contra personas naturales o afincadas aquí por motivos laborales y personales, haciendo hincapié en sus diferentes tipologías. Así, gracias a fuentes de archivo y prensa, se concluye que los atentados de ETA en el territorio fueron ensayos de ataque que sus comandos exportaron después a otros puntos de la geografía española.