bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Langevin's influence on relativity theories
Authors: Staley Douglas A.
Published: December 2020

A century ago, Paul Langevin [C. R. 173, 831 (1921)], through his influence, convinced the scientific community that Einstein's theories of relativity were correct and could explain the Sagnac effect. A simple note in Comptes Rendus was all it took to silence many prominent skeptical
scientists. The relativity skeptics had pointed to Sagnac's experiment [C. R. 157, 1410 (1913)] with the interference of counter rotating light beams as proof that the speed of light was not the same in both directions, contrary to the key postulate in Einstein's theory. Langevin showed
that the result was also explained by relativity. The rest is history, and relativity has remained a center piece of theoretical physics ever since. Langevin had been captivated by solar eclipse observations of a shifted star pattern near the sun as reported by Eddington [Report on the
Relativity Theory of Gravitation (Fleetway Press, Ltd., London, 1920)]. This was taken as proof positive for Einstein's General Theory of Relativity. The case of a light beam split into two beams, which propagate in opposite directions around a circuit, has an analog in a simple thought
experiment—a speed test for runners. Two runners can be timed on a running track with the runners going around the track in opposite directions. Two stop watches will display the time for each runner's return to the starting position. The arithmetic difference in time shown on each
stop watch will provide the differences in speed between the two runners. If the two speeds are the same, the time difference will be zero. It would not make any sense for one of the stop watches to measure a negative time, that is, time moving into the past. In fact, the idea is absurd! However,
Langevin did just that, assigned the time for light to travel in one direction as positive while the time for the light to traverse in the opposite direction as negative, moving into the past! By so doing, Langevin reproduced Sagnac's expression and declared that relativity explains Sagnac's
experiment. Langevin was wrong!
Measurement of the relative velocity between an electromagnetic wave and its source/observer using the Doppler effect
Authors: Klinaku Shukri , Syla Naim , Ziberi Bashkim , Tolaj Zeqë , Klinaku Leutrim , Vuthaj Astrit , Klinaku Jon
Published: December 2020

The velocity of light is independent of the velocity of its source/observer. But the relative velocity between light and its source/observers is dependent on the velocity of the light source/observer, and this does not conflict with the first assumption. The velocity of light is <mml:math
display="inline"> c  everywhere and for everyone, but velocities   c + v
and   c − v   , where  v  is the velocity
of a light source/observer, do not represent the velocity of light, but the relative velocity between light and its source/observer. The velocity of light can, thus, be added to and subtracted from any velocity—giving a measurable relative velocity. A simple and common proof for this
is the Doppler effect or the working of the Doppler radar. If there were no relative velocity between the electromagnetic wave and its source/observer, then there would be no Doppler effect nor would the Doppler radar work. In this paper, we will measure experimentally the relative velocity
between the electromagnetic wave and the source/observer, using the Doppler effect.
Revisiting the problem of satisfaction conditions and the indispensability of i-desire
Authors: Guo Yuchen
Published: December 2020

Gregory Currie has argued for the indispensability of i-desires – a kind of imaginative counterpart of desires – by drawing a distinction between the satisfaction conditions of the desire-like states involved in our emotional responses to tragedies and those of genuine desires. Nevertheless, Fiora Salis has recently shown that the same sort of distinction can also be found in nonfictional cases and has proposed a solution to the issue of satisfaction conditions that dispenses with i-desires. In this paper, I refute Salis’s stance and argue for the indispensability of i-desires. For this aim to be achieved, I first argue that the distinction between the satisfaction conditions of i-desires and those of desires can be given a different explanation, and that in this case, the same sort of distinction cannot arise in nonfictional cases; Secondly, I argue that we cannot make sense of the conflict between our desire-like states triggered by fictions and our background desires, and therefore i-desires should be introduced to avoid this conflict.Keywords: i-desires, desire-like imaginings, tragedy, imaginative desires,
Belief and pluralistic ignorance
Authors: Joven Romero Marco Antonio
Published: December 2020

Pluralistic ignorance is usually analyzed in terms of social norms. Recently, Bjerring, Hansen and Pedersen (2014) describe and define this phenomenon in terms of beliefs, actions and evidence. Here I apply a basic epistemic approach to belief – believers consider their beliefs to be true –, a basic pragmatic approach to belief – beliefs are useful for believers – and a mixed epistemic-pragmatic approach – believers consider their believes to be true and such considerations are useful – to pluralistic ignorance phenomena. For that, I take the definition given by Bjerring et al. (2014).Keywords: Truth, pragmatism, epistemic belief, pragmatic belief.
La influencia de la teoría de las pasiones de Hume en el juicio moral de Adam Smith
Authors: Carrasco Maria A.
Published: December 2020

The analysis of the irregular moral sentiments that Smith describes in TMS II.iii evidences the enormous influence of David Hume’s theory of passions in the moral theory of his successor, as well as the critical differences between these Scottish philosophers’ moral proposals. Moreover, these atypical situations also allow us to grasp the different parts of Smithian moral judgment, and to exclude – despite Smith’s assertion – the influence of moral luck on these judgments.Keywords: Adam Smith, David Hume, moral judgment, passions, moral luck.
Biochemical Assessment of Hyperhomocysteinemia-Mediated Oxidative Stress in Coronary Artery Disease Patients
Authors: Al-Alawi Kouthar Sulaiman Saif , Waly Mostafa I. , Sadiq Muhammad Athar , Al Balushi Ruqaiya Moosa , Ali Amanat
Published: December 2020

This study aimed to assess the status of B-vitamins (folate, vitamin B6, and B12) and homocysteine (HCY) in the sera of Omani coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Sixteen Omani patients (10 males and 6 females) gave consent for blood sampling and were enrolled in the study on voluntary basis. All patients were evaluated for their anthropometric and biochemical measurements of B-vitamins, glutathione (reduced and oxidized), HCY, and quantification of N-homocysteinylated albumin protein. It was observed that both male and female patients had a comparable age (57.64 ±9.86, 56.5 ±10.04 years, respectively) with no significant difference, P = 0.69 and both genders were obese based on their body mass index (31.22 ± 8.17 kg/m2 for males and 30.26 ± 4.70 kg/m2for females). Serum levels of folate, vitamins B6, and B12 were lower than the normal reference values in all the study participants. There was depletion in glutathione levels (higher level of oxidized glutathione versus lower level of reduced glutathione) in the sera of all study participants. High serum HCY levels in both males and females (75.81±9.21 and 68.66±8.1 μmol/L, respectively) suggest that both males and females had hyperhomocysteinemia. Correlation coefficient analysis revealed that the serum HCY levels were negatively correlated with serum reduced glutathione, folic acid, vitamins B6, and B12 levels in both male and female study participants. The serum HCY level was positively correlated with age, body mass index, and serum oxidized glutathione. Proteomic measurements of N-homocysteinylation in serum albumin revealed that N-homocysteinylated albumin was present in all the assayed serum samples of study participants. The results suggest that low serum status of B-vitamins might act as a metabolic trigger for the observed hyperhomocysteinemia, oxidative stress, and pathological formation of N-homocysteinylated albumin protein, which collectively aggravates the CAD risk in the studied Omani patients.
A Challenging Diagnosis of B-Ketothiolase Deficiency Mimicking Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Al-Hakami Amal Ali , Alghamdi Malak Ali , Sumaily Khalid , Al-Khalifah Reem Abdullah
Published: December 2020

Beta-ketothiolase (BKT) deficiency is a disorder of ketone body metabolism and isoleucine catabolism. Patients with BKT deficiency have intermittent ketoacidosis attacks. In this report, we describe an unusual case that mimicked type 1 diabetes presentation. The patient is a 1-year-old boy who presented with clinical and biochemical evidence of diabetes ketoacidosis (DKA). After the resolution of DKA, he was commenced on subcutaneous insulin regimen. Insulin requirements decline over few weeks to 0.3 U/kg/day, and due to normalization of blood glucose coupled with frequent hypoglycemic episodes, insulin was stopped for few months. Later, he developed two additional DKA episodes with intermittent period of no insulin requirement. At 2 years of age, he presented with ketoacidosis and hypoglycemia. The unusual presentation of ketoacidosis accompanied with hypoglycemia prompted genetic testing. Genetic testing revealed a novel homozygous mutation in the ACAT1 gene. The patient was advised to avoid prolonged fasting and started on a low-protein diet. Since then, he had developed mild episodes of ketosis with illness required intravenous hydration. In conclusion, the pediatrician should maintain a high index of clinical suspicion when dealing with children presenting with unusual diabetic ketoacidosis. Delayed diagnosis of BKT, failure of management of acute crisis, and the unnecessary use of insulin can lead to high morbidity and mortality.
Records management procedures and service delivery in private universities
Authors: Luyombya David , Ndagire Salmah
Published: December 2020

The effectiveness of delivery of services in universities lies in their ability to develop and adopt records management procedures to assist staff in managing records. This study utilised life cycle model to discuss records management procedures and service delivery in universities, with particular emphasis on the Islamic University in Uganda (IUIU), a private university. The objectives were to find what types of records were being generated and their formats, establish who is responsible for managing the records, and eventually, make suggestions for improvement. The purposive sampling approach was used to select top managers and heads of departments in the university while simple random sampling was used to select administrative assistants. Data was collected using a questionnaire, interviews, observation and document analysis. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics and qualitative data was analysed using interpretative analysis. The findings revealed that although IUIU maintained both manual and electronic records, it lacked adequate records management procedures and records were managed on an ad hoc basis. There was also a shortage of trained records management personnel, leading to challenges with the creation, distribution, use, maintenance and disposal of records, which affected service delivery. The study recommended that IUIU should develop and adopt records management procedures to ensure that there is a standard approach to managing records.
Strengthening public sector records management through the Information Regulator in South Africa
Authors: Mojapelo Makutla
Published: December 2020

The Information Regulator in South Africa is charged with the responsibility to regulate access to information. The implementation of the access to information legislation is heavily dependent on proper records management in the public sector; however, there is consensus among researchers that records are poorly managed in the public sector. The purpose of the study is to describe how records management in the public sector in South Africa can be strengthened through the Information Regulator. This qualitative study utilised document analysis and literature review for data collection. The study was limited to one mandate of the Information Regulator, which is the Promotion of Access to Information Act (PAIA). The PAIA was analysed to contextualise the correlation between the Act and records management in the public sector. The study found that the successful implementation of specific sections of the PAIA is dependent on proper records management. While it is acknowledged that the Information Regulator is making inroads into records management space, the study recommends that extra effort needs to be made to strengthen collaboration with the National Archives and Records Service of South Africa, which is charged with a statutory regulatory role for records management in public bodies. A framework was developed to outline the role that the Information Regulator can play to strengthen records management service in the public sector.
Epistemic Cartography: Evaluating Net-Map as a Frontline Tool for Navigating Informal Knowledge Networks
Authors: Metelerkamp Luke , Schiffer Eva
Published: December 2020

Sustainability transitions are dependent on the development and diffusion of transformative skills and competencies. However, the prevailing notion that learning for sustainability transitions will be led by universities, technical colleges and other similar institutions is practically not feasible in much of the global south. Net-Map is a social network analysis tool that uses interviews and mapping to help people understand, visualise, discuss, and improve situations in which many different actors influence outcomes (Schiffer & Hauck, 2010). In response to the pressing need for new approaches to the development and diffusion of sustainability skills, this paper evaluates Net-Map’s suitability as a methodological tool for educators, knowledge brokers and students seeking to enhance the navigability of the often complex and uncharted occupational pathways they encounter. To do this, the research applied Net-Map to an emerging sustainability niche within the food system in order to map the learning pathways of successful sustainability pioneers. We found that Net-Map was helpful in identifying diffuse informal knowledge networks and teaching resources. Being free, quick to learn and easy to use, Net-Map is a potentially low-cost method for circumventing traditionally costly approaches to curriculum development and accreditation – assisting community-based actors to make sense of the informal knowledge and competency networks that support emerging career fields. In emerging career fields such as organic farming, where pioneer knowledge is fragmented, poorly documented and often disregarded by mainstream-science, Net-Map could be useful in the preparatory phase of curriculum planning and design, providing training designers, course conveners and facilitators with contextually informed insights.
Viewpoint: Repurposing ESD to Help Adapt to a Post-COVID World – Reflections from India and Africa
Authors: Taylor Jim , Singh Supriya , Copsey Olivia
Published: December 2020

The world, as we are experiencing it, is in transition because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The crisis has engulfed every aspect of life forcing a re-evaluation of policies, priorities and practices. This viewpoint proposes that community embedded values inherent in some Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) practices could be used in the rebuilding of a post-COVID world. It contends that mere digitalisation of content will not suffice. We need to adopt an approach that considers situated and intergenerational thought and practice. We need to create a world that draws on indigenous knowledge practices and fuses these with the wonders of modern technology and multi-stakeholder interactions. Examples of community projects in Africa and India are used to point to how ESD practitioners could innovate and radically reorient learning environments.
Creating Environmental Awareness using an Eco-Feedback Application at a Higher Education Institution
Authors: Calitz Andre , Cullen Margaret , Odendaal Francois
Published: December 2020

Providing environmental education and creating environmental awareness assists future generations to conserve, preserve and sustain the environment. Organisations are supporting environmental awareness education efforts and universities are increasingly being required to exercise sound environmental behaviour and educate all stakeholders on their responsibility of being aware of their environmental impact. Gamification and eco-feedback applications in previous studies have been used to provide feedback on an individual’sbehaviour with the goal of creating environmental awareness. Students are generally not provided with environmental information regarding their use of electricity, water and waste management whilst on campus. In this exploratory study, an eco-feedback application was developed and used to create environmental awareness amongst postgraduate students at the Nelson Mandela University and the functionality of the eco-feedback application was evaluated. The results indicated that participants became more aware of their environmental impact after being exposed to an eco-feedback application. The functionality provided by the eco-feedback application, to assist in creating environmental awareness within an academic institution, proved to be useful.
De Veneza a Chapecó: crônicas de isolamentos sociais em suas múltiplas experiências
Authors: Rosalen Eloisa
Published: December 2020

Este ensaio traz crônicas de quarentena experienciadas de maneiras diferentes durante a pandemia de Covid-19. Trata-se de um misto entre os relatos sobre as diferentes quarentenas que vivi em três cidades diferentes - Veneza, Florianópolis e Chapecó -, as subjetividades que foram mudando ao longo do tempo e as percepções individuais da experiência coletiva, temporal, geracional, de gênero e de classe.
Sociólogos de laboratório: reflexão sobre os efeitos do isolamento social no fazer sociológico
Authors: Magaldi Tiago
Published: December 2020

Neste ensaio tomo por tema geral os impactos da pandemia no fazer sociológico, focando particularmente nas consequências do confinamento dos próprios sociólogos. Desenvolvo dois pontos: no nível dos próprios sociólogos, a tendência à cristalização da distância social, posto a pandemia sustar, em grande medida, a troca de experiências entre pesquisadores e pesquisados, tendência esta que pode ter efeitos epistemológicos; o segundo ponto se refere às possibilidades abertas pela situação de “momento crítico” (terminologia dada pela sociologia pragmatista francesa) que vivemos, que exige dos agentes sociais não só uma investigação acerca dos pressupostos normativos da situação interrompida, como também os obriga a formular novas maneiras de estar no e ver o mundo.
Where Teachers Thrive: A Book Review
Authors: Waychunas William
Published: December 2020

This article reviews the book Where Teachers Thrive: Organizing Schools for Success written by Dr. Susan Moore Johnson and published in 2019. By describing the content of each chapter as well as the overall contributions of this recent book to knowledge about the interaction between school contexts, policy environments, and teacher experience, this review provides readers with a taste of this groundbreaking work while also offering analysis and minor critiques.
An Introduction to Design Studio Experience: The Process, Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Cenani Sehnaz , Aksoy Yazgi
Published: December 2020

This paper explores design education in studio settings and presents insights from a design studio based on parametric design thinking. The first-year design studios are essential parts of the architectural education. In these studios, design decisions are taken on a more abstract level, there are less constraints, and the exercises are designed to explore the potentials of design, within the framework of various scales, ranging from human to building, and then to urban. The Introduction to Design course is constructed with interconnected exercises based on concepts such as modularity, the parameters of the human body and spatial perception. The first exercise is designing an architectural structure through parametric thinking. The second exercise is about exploring the design potentials of cube modules with each other, with a rule-based design approach. To better understand the importance of ergonomics in design, the third exercise focuses on the concept of movement through the human body. The aim of the fourth exercise is to study a physical environment and to investigate spatial perception in the built environment. The main aim of this design studio is to teach design with parametric design thinking while focusing on improving the cognitive skills of the students. An Introduction to Design studio experience that is formulated according to these features is described in this study.
The Concept of Limits in Architecture as an Instructional Tool for Design Education
Authors: Iavarone Ayşenur Hilal , Birer Emel
Published: December 2020

The paper aims to re-thinking limits in architecture through an educational approach. A study on the concept of limits in architecture provides an understanding of architecture's sensitivity, responsibility, and bindingness. To investigate the effect of limits on design, the paper has conducted a discussion of a design studio experience as a case study. As a method in the study, an architectural design studio where students are asked to produce architectural solutions by giving physical legal, and social limits has been established. In the architectural design studio scenario, Garipce Village, a fisher village located on the border of Istanbul and a first-degree protection area by the Bosphorus zoning laws, was given as a design problem to second-year architecture students. The design solutions that the students brought to the limits of the village both exemplified how architectural design sought an answer to the limits and demonstrated how to approach rural areas. The limits of conservation areas, the social implications of the conservation sites, and the physical limitations of the village compose a limitation set for the design problem of the rural area. The outputs of the design studio are discussed in the context of architectural solutions for limits. The results revealed how questioning the concept of "limit" transformed students' learning experiences in the design studio. It has been observed that the act of designing with limits improves students' awareness, strengthens the relationships established with the context, and incorporates the social dimensions of architectural design into the design.
Exploring Media Architecture Design in Virtual Design Environments
Authors: Jenek Waldemar , Caldwell Glenda , Donovan Jared , Garcia Hansen Veronica , Adcock Matt , XI Mingze
Published: December 2020

This case study explores how architecture students can learn to design media architecture within virtual design environments tools. The target participants of this study are advanced (i.e. 3rd year) architecture students at the University of Applied Science, Bochum, Germany. To evaluate the student-experience, students were asked to develop a media architecture structure during the semester. Once the project finished the students provided feedback via surveys and interviews. The feedback was analysed employing thematic analysis. The case study shows that students are curious about technology in the design process and that technology has a growing relevance in an architecture career. The feedback will be used to improve future teaching approach.
Herrada Bazán, Víctor. La exclusión de socios en la Ley General de Sociedades. Lima: Gaceta Jurídica, 2017
Authors:   Universidad ESAN, Perú, Cabrera Céspedes Armando Miguel
Published: December 2020

En pleno siglo XXI, el crecimiento de las diversas industrias y sectores económicos del país ha generado que las empresas procuren adaptarse a las demandas del mercado. Dentro del ámbito legal, dicha adecuación no es ajena, pues se establece una relación directa con la forma societaria adoptada por las empresas en la realidad, siendo que se constituirá determinada sociedad (anónima, en comandita, cerrada, etc.) de acuerdo con la funcionalidad y tratamiento legal que fundamenta su creación. Con ello surge una diversidad de problemas y cuestiones que merecen especial atención. Dentro de lo contemplado por la Ley General de Sociedades (en adelante, LGS), se presenta la figura societaria de la exclusión de socios, tema que no ha sido estudiado a profundidad en nuestra legislación nacional.
González Palacios, Carlos (comp.). Reflexiones sobre la democracia y el Estado de derecho en el mundo contemporáneo. Lima: ESAN, 2020
Authors:   Universidad ESAN, Perú, Calero Ponce María Victoria
Published: December 2020

Esta obra es un importante esfuerzo de recopilación —y en la mayoría de casos, de traducción— conformada por once trabajos de investigación de juristas alemanes, franceses y peruanos acerca de temáticas jurídicas ligadas a las nociones de democracia y de Estado de derecho. Cada contribución, que toma la forma de una reflexión académica de aproximadamente diez páginas, rinde cuenta de una realidad a partir de la especialidad de cada autor en materias tan distintas, pero complementarias, como la lucha contra la corrupción, la administración pública en su relación con el ciudadano o, de manera más puntual, los aportes de la jurisprudencia Lüth del Tribunal Constitucional peruano, la cual expresa que la Constitución de valores adquiere su legitimidad no por estar basada exclusivamente en la voluntad del pueblo, sino en el valor universal de la dignidad humana. Todo ello hace de esta publicación, probablemente, una de las de mayor valor teórico reciente para la teoría del derecho público, por lo que se recomienda su lectura a investigadores y estudiantes.
POST-INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGICAL STRUCTURE AS A GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT BASIS
Authors: Sister Vladimir , Tsedilin Andrey
Published: December 2020

The article shows possible directions of sustainable civilizational development, taking into account the challenges of the XXI century. The sharpened contradictions between the developing technosphere and biosphere, that is losing its stability, can be resolved by the introduction of natural-like technologies in the transition to a new post-industrial technological paradigm based on alternative and renewable energy and the maximum use of technogeneous material resources.
ABOUT THE VALUE OF SPIRITUAL CULTURE FOR THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMANKIND
Authors: Mamedov Fuad Teyub oglu
Published: December 2020

The article reveals the fundamental importance of people's “spiritual” culture for sustainable development and the relevance of international cooperation in order to ensure global human security. The author emphasizes the importance of scientific understanding of culture as an integral social system and the expediency of using cultural methodology and expertise for making correct political decisions. The article describes the necessity of spreading universal cultural knowledge in society, additional cultural education and enlightenment for the formation of highly cultured people as the main driving force of human development.
CHINA - SOUTH AFRICA: EQUAL PARTNERSHIP OR MIRROR OF NEOCOLONIAL PRC POLICY TRENDS IN AFRICA?
Authors: Muratshina Ksenia
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes the main directions of interaction between the People's Republic of China and one of its partners in the BRICS group - the Republic of South Africa - at the present stage. The main areas of interaction, problems and results of cooperation are considered.
EVOLUTION OF MODERN ECONOMIC POLICY IN LATIN AMERICA AND RUSSIA
Authors: Pokrytan Pavel
Published: December 2020

The rapid political and economic changes taking place in Latin America are primarily due to the collision of neoliberalism with its opponents, who have largely managed to determine a new trajectory of development for many countries. The statement in this regard about the end of neoliberalism, according to the author, is premature, although it provides a field for additional observations of the ongoing processes. Interesting are the analogies with Russia and the revealed stages of transition of countries from the left to the right political spectrum.
ANALYSIS OF THE PERSPECTIVES OF INTEGRATION PLANS IN THE EAST ASIAN REGION IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE COHESION INDEX
Authors: Zhang Jun-Yi
Published: December 2020

The voting results of the UN General Assembly have already become standard data for assessing the positions of UN member states in the field of foreign policy. Most works use dyadic indicators of similarity of votes between countries. The similarity of voting result may reflect the coordination level of actions of selected states. Analyzing the results of voting at the UN General Assembly, we found that in East Asia, the complexity level of regional integration is associated with the index of cohesion (IС) among the participating countries.
THE PLACE OF THE ORGANIZATION OF ISLAMIC COOPERATION IN COUNTERACTING INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM
Authors: Vasetsova Elena
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the article is to study the activities of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) to eradicate international terrorism. OIC is actively working to create a legal framework for countering international terrorism. Agreements on a common understanding of measures to combat terrorism have been reached. However, the OIC member States should take more specific steps to implement a system of measures aimed at combating terrorism.
STATE ANTI-CRISIS PROGRAM FOR PRODUCTION SUPPORT
Authors: Kuznetsova Elena
Published: December 2020

The crisis is one of the most important elements of the mechanism for self-regulation of the market economy. The state is one of the most influential levers in financial growth regulation. State anti-crisis management is a part of the unified system of state management, contains elements of forecasting and current diagnostics of crisis phenomena, that research factors of their manifestation, as well as not only the definition of priority measures to contain crisis situations, but also measures aimed at development and implementation of projects to prevent crisis situations.
THE LIBYAN PROBLEM AS A THREAT TO AFRICAN AND MEDITERRANEAN SECURITY
Authors: Makhmutova Maria
Published: December 2020

The article examines the negative impact of the Libyan crisis on European and African countries. The author notes that the main problem facing the EU is the illegal migration of Africans, which does not decrease even when implementing joint missions and programs. In turn, the chaos in Libya is played out differently on its neighbors. Countries such as Algeria and Egypt have tried to strengthen their borders, while Tunisia, Chad, Niger and Sudan have tried to adapt to current challenges.
NATIONAL SECURITY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITALIZATION OF THE GLOBAL WORLD
Authors: Novodvorskiy Ilya
Published: December 2020

In the article, the author examines the phenomena of Russia's national security and global security, as well as the role of Russia in the context of the digitalization of the world and the struggle between the Chinese and American civilizational models of which, as factors accelerating the global degradation vector concerning the individual and his key environment of nature.
NOOSPHERIC PROBLEMS OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION
Authors: Zatuliveter Yuri
Published: December 2020

The article proposes to expand the noosphere issue to include system-wide and applied aspects of joint functioning and development of global social and computer environments. A general approach to the problems of sustainable development is shown, taking into account the inner laws of development of the GCE and their system-wide impact on natural sociotechnology processes. The article brings the concepts of natural and artificial information universality to the level of key system-forming categories. This aspect opens up new opportunities for in-depth study of general patterns of natural and artificial evolutionary processes development.
ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE IN THE SYSTEM OF JUSTICE
Authors: Gagaev Andrey , Gagaev Pavel
Published: December 2020

Environmental justice is a part of the system of natural, ethnic, geographic-ecological, restorative and international justice and a system of solutions in the field of global issues. Environmental justice includes compatibility, hatchability and sequence, equality, freedom, truth, responsibility of all forms of life on the planet and in space in their habitats, not claiming for the habitats of other living forms. Therefore, for example, the United States are their habitat only and nowhere else in the world, like any other nation, while the exit of ethnic groups beyond their habitats means aggression and violence. The article also presents the subject of environmental justice. It is the world economic systems. Environmental justice includes also procedural principles of fairness, maintaining natural evolution and self-organization of habitats in space and time; common property of mankind; teleology of alignment and perfection of races and ethnic groups, evolutionary diversity; maintaining the natural cyclicity of life forms; a system of non-violence and solutions to global issues.
Characterization and Evaluation of Land Resources of Valia Block, Bharuch District, Gujarat
Authors:   ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur-440 033, Maharashtra, India, Tiwari G. , Jangir A. ,   ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur-440 033, Maharashtra, India, Sharma R. P. ,   ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur-440 033, Maharashtra, India, Dash B. ,   ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur-440 033, Maharashtra, India, Naitam R. K. ,   ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur-440 033, Maharashtra, India, Malav L. C. ,   ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur-440 033, Maharashtra, India, Paul R. ,   ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur-440 033, Maharashtra, India, Chandran P. ,   ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur-440 033, Maharashtra, India, Singh S. K. ,   ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur-440 033, Maharashtra, India
Published: December 2020

Detailed soil survey (1:10000 scale) was carried out using base map prepared from satellite data (IRS-P6 LISS IV and Cartosat-1) and Digital Elevation Models (DEM) in conjunction with Survey of India (SOI) Toposheets of 1:50000 scale in Valia block, Bharuch district of Gujarat. On the basis of landform, slope, land use/land cover and ground truth, six landscape ecological Units (LEUs) were delineated and six soil series were identified in the block. Five soil series occur on alluvial plain (cover 66.16 %) and one soil series occupies pediplain 27.61 %. These series were mapped into ten soil mapping units as phases of soil series. The representative pedons of alluvial plain were moderately deep to very deep and their sand, silt and clay content ranged from 8.2 to 44.4, 9.8 to 40.2 and 43.8 to 55.6 per cent, respectively. These pedons were neutral to strongly alkaline (pH 6.8 - 9.7), non-saline with low to high organic carbon (0.18 – 1.2 %) content, low to high calcium carbonate (5.9 - 26.6 %) and high CEC [>35 cmol (p+) kg-1]. Exchangeable complex of these pedons were dominated by Ca2+ followed by Mg2+, Na+ and K+ cations with high base saturation (72.0 to 99. 4 %). Soils were classified as Vertic Haplustepts, Typic Haplusterts, Typic Calciustepts, Typic Haplustepts and Sodic Haplusterts. The representative pedon of pediplains was shallow, dark brown (7.5YR3/2), clayey, strongly alkaline (pH>8.5), non-saline (<2 dSm-1) and had moderate organic carbon (0.50-0.75 %) and calcium carbonate (5-15 %) with high CEC [>35 cmol (p+) kg-1] and classified as Lithic Haplustepts. The soils were evaluated for their suitability for commonly grown crops (cotton, pigeon pea, wheat and chick pea) and mapping unit 2 and 4 were highly suitable for cotton cultivation and other were moderately to marginal suitable for other crops.
Economic Evaluation of Some Soils of Arid Regions of Anantapur District for Groundnut Cultivation
Authors:   ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Hebbal-560024, Bangalore, India, Dharumarajan S. , Lalitha M. ,   ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Hebbal-560024, Bangalore, India, Ramesh Kumar S. C. ,   ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Hebbal-560024, Bangalore, India, Vasundhara R. ,   ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Hebbal-560024, Bangalore, India, Ramamurthy V. ,   ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Hebbal-560024, Bangalore, India, Hegde Rajendra ,   ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Hebbal-560024, Bangalore, India, Singh S. K. ,   ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Amravati Road, Nagpur-440033, Maharashtra, India
Published: December 2020

The present study was carried out in Bukkarayasamudhrum mandal of Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh to assess the economic viability of different soil units for supporting groundnut crop. Advanced remote sensing and GIS technologies were used to map the soil resources at phase level. The non-parametric approach revealed that 57.6 % of the area is moderately suitable for groundnut cultivation and 21 % of area is marginally suitable due to limitation of rooting depth and heavy soil texture. Economic land evaluation results showed that non-calcareous, moderately deep soils with loamy sand surface texture gives comparatively higher benefit cost ratio than other soils.
Effect of Fertilizer, Organic Manure and Bio-fertilizer on Summer Grown Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp)
Authors:   Department of Agronomy B. A. College of Agriculture Anand Agricultural University, Anand– 388 110, Gujarat,  India, Bartwal Dhwani , Patel R. A. ,   Department of Agronomy B. A. College of Agriculture Anand Agricultural University, Anand– 388 110, Gujarat,  India
Published: December 2020

In India, pulses are grown in an area of 25.21 million ha with a total production of 19.78 million tones with a productivity of 763 kg ha-1. In Gujarat, it is cultivated in an area of 6.54 lakh ha with an annual production of 5.99 lakh tonnes and average productivity of 916 kg ha-1(Anonymous 2016). About a dozen of pulse crops viz., chickpea, pigeonpea, green gram, black gram, lentil, field pea, lathyrus, cowpea, common bean, moth bean, horse gram and rice bean are cultivated under varied agro-ecological conditions. Among the pulses, cowpea serves as a dual purpose food at both green shell and dry stage but its productivity is low owing to different reasons. In general pulses respond well to phosphorous application and seed inoculation with Rhizobium (Prasad and Sanoria 1984) but response could be larger if organic manure is supplemented. As such information for enhancing the productivity of cowpea is limited and hence the present investigation was carried out. A field experiment was conducted at B.A College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during summer 2018 with cowpea (var. GC4) as test crop. The experimental soil was loamy sand with low organic carbon and available nitrogen (124.85 kg ha-1), medium available P2O5 (29.23 kg ha-1) and high available K2O (286.76 kg ha-1). There were 12 treatment namely, T1-no fertilizer (control); T2-RDF 20-40-00 kg ha-1 (NPK); T3-castor cake @ 0.5 t ha-1; T4-vermicompost @ 1 t ha-1; T5-FYM @ 4 t ha-1; T6-castor cake @ 0.5 t ha-1 + PSB @ 5 ml kg-1 seed; T7-vermicompost @ 1 t ha-1 + PSB @ 5 ml kg-1 seed; T8-FYM @ 4 t ha-1 + PSB @ 5 ml kg-1 seed; T9-Rhizobium @ 5 ml kg-1 seed + PSB @ 5 ml kg-1 seed; T10- castor cake @ 0.25 t ha-1 + Rhizobium @ 5 ml kg-1 seed + PSB @ 5 ml kg-1 seed; T11-vermicompost @ 0.5 t ha-1 + Rhizobium @ 5 ml kg-1 seed + PSB @ 5 ml kg-1 seed and T12- FYM @ 2 t ha-1 + Rhizobium @ 5 ml kg-1 seed + PSB @ 5 ml kg-1 seed in a Randomized Block Design with four replications. Chemical fertilizers were applied through urea and DAP but organic manures viz. castor cake and FYM were applied well in advance for proper decomposition whereas vermicompost was applied on the day of sowing. As per the seed rate (25 kg ha-1), the required seed/plot (3.60 m x 5.0 m) were inoculated with respective strains of Rhizobium (broth) and PSB (broth) and sown on 21st February. Crop was harvested in second week of May. The cowpea raised under recommended agro-practices and the data generated during experiment was statistically analyzed (Panse and Sukhatme 1967).
Effect of Zinc Nano-Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Saline Irrigation Condition
Authors:   Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388110 Gujarat, India, Bhavik J. , Prajapati S.B. ,   Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388110 Gujarat, India, Patel Rajal ,   Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388110 Gujarat, India, Ramani V.P. ,   Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388110 Gujarat, India
Published: December 2020

Zinc (Zn) deficiency in crops as well as in humans is still an important health issue, mainly in developing countries which is mostly due to poor dietary intake. This problem can be solved by the application of Zn to cereals known as bio fortification. Nanotechnology is one of the options to enhance the nutritional value of crops as some engineered nano-particles (NPs) could be used as a fertilizer. Zinc can be used in the form of zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs. The present study used the direct precipitation method to prepare ZnO NPs, characterized it by using dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) then evaluated the effect of Zinc nano-fertilizer on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The field experiment consists of seed treatment, foliar application and combination of seed treatment as well as foliar application of bulk Zn sources and Nano Zn source. Results showed that the seed treatment of ZnO NPs @1000 ppm followed by three foliar sprays of ZnO NPs @1000 ppm at 21, 45 and 90 days after sowing proved to be significantly superior in enhancing the plant height, number of effective tillers per plant, spike length, test weight, grain and straw yields, grain and straw zinc content and uptake by grain and straw.
Characterization and Evaluation of Land Resources for Management of Barela Village in Seoni district, Madhya Pradesh using High Resolution Satellite Data and GIS
Authors:   Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola- 444104, Maharashtra, India, Borse Akash , Nagaraju M.S.S. ,   ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur-440033, Maharashtra, India, Dash Benukantha ,   ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur-440033, Maharashtra, India, Sahu Nisha ,   ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur-440033, Maharashtra, India, Ingle Sagar ,   Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola- 444104, Maharashtra, India, Srivastava Rajeev ,   ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur-440033, Maharashtra, India
Published: December 2020

The present investigation was carried out in Barela village of Seoni district, Madhya Pradesh to characterize, classify and evaluate the land resources using IRS-LISS-IV and GIS. Five major landforms viz. plateau; escarpments, mound, pediment and alluvial plain were identified and delineated. Based on image characteristics, seven land uses/ land cover classes’ viz., single crop, double crop, degraded forest, wasteland, river, waterbody and habitation were identified. Five slope classes viz., very gently sloping (1-3%), gently sloping (3-5%), moderately sloping (5-10%), strongly sloping (10-15%) and steeply sloping ( 15-25%) lands have been identified using Cartosat-1 DEM (30 m resolution) and topographic information. Five soil series (Barela-1, Barela-2, Barela-3, Barela-4 and Barela-5) were tentatively identified and mapped based on landform-soil relationship. Soils, in general, are shallow moderately deep, moderately well to well drained with moderate to severe erosion and clayey in texture. The soils are neutral to slightly alkaline in reaction and non-saline and qualify for Lithic Ustorthents/ Typic Haplustepts/ Typic Haplusterts at subgroup level. The soils were grouped under land capability sub-classes IIs, IIIes, IVst and VIst and land irrigability sub-classes 2s, 3st and 4st. The soils of Barela-4 (subgroup) are moderately suitable for growing gram, soybean, maize and pigeonpea. The soils of Barela-5 (subgroup) are highly suitable for growing pigeonpea and moderately suitable for growing gram, soybean and maize. Soils of Barela-1, Barela-2 and Barela-3 are not suitable for growing gram, soybean, maize and pigeonpea. Various soil and water conservation measures and alternate land use options have been suggested based on land resources information generated for management of land resources in the village.
Land Capability and Land Irrigability Classification in Garakahalli Micro- Watershed of Karnataka
Authors:   National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru-560024, Karnataka, India, Ramesh Kumar S.C. , Bhaskar B.P. ,   National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru-560024, Karnataka, India, Chandrakala M. ,   National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru-560024, Karnataka, India, Niranjana K.V. ,   National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru-560024, Karnataka, India, Hegde Rajendra ,   National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru-560024, Karnataka, India, Singh S.K. ,   National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru-560024, Karnataka, India
Published: December 2020

Land suitability for irrigation in semi-arid regions is important for agricultural development and to overcome water scarcity. The detailed soil survey of Garakahalli micro- watershed (447 ha) of Karnataka was carried out and mapped into 85 mapping units. The soil units were evaluated for surface irrigation method. The suitability maps showed 74.06 per cent arable land, out of which 69.19 per cent of land is suitable for surface irrigation and remaining is unsuitable due to the limitation of the topography and stoniness. The detailed land resource data base in association with GIS and remote sensing was highly efficient in modeling and developing land suitability maps which can be used as a planning tool to optimize the agriculture in semi-arid regions of Karnataka.
Construção de Materiais Pedagógicos: contribuições no ensino de matemática para alunos surdos
Authors: Costa Walber Christiano Lima da , Silva Kelvia Nunes da
Published: December 2020

O presente texto objetiva apresentar os resultados do projeto de iniciação científica, vinculado à Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará – UNIFESSPA, intitulado “Construção de materiais pedagógicos no ensino de matemática para alunos surdos”. Tal projeto objetivou construir materiais pedagógicos que proporcionem uma aprendizagem mais adequada aos surdos no ensino de Matemática. Nossa abordagem é a qualitativa, pois a partir dos materiais construídos, pudemos verificar as aprendizagens dos alunos em relação à matemática. Constatamos que dentro das experiências vivenciadas, evidencia-se que a construção de materiais pedagógicos e a utilização do mesmo deve sempre partir da necessidade do aluno percebida pelo professor, sendo esse material o mediador por auxiliar a percepção visual do surdo, mas não como o único meio de aprendizagem.