bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of the features of a green sound-absorbing material on its acoustical properties
Authors: Raj Manish , Fatima Shahab , Tandon Naresh
Published: July 2020

This paper focuses on the airflow resistivity of a sound absorber. The airflow resistivity is used to predict sound absorption coefficients using mathematical models. As most green materials have unique characteristics, such as fiber curliness and non-circular cross-sections, the effect of these characteristics on acoustical properties needs to be studied. This work firstly discusses the development of an experimental set-up for measuring airflow resistivity and then develops an equation for estimating the airflow resistivity of a green material incorporating its unique characteristics. Samples of fibers with different curliness values are formed, and the effect of curliness on airflow resistivity is measured. The curliness of natural fibers is quantified by defining a unique factor, known as the curliness factor. The equation for airflow resistivity prediction is formed by the application of the Ergun equation and the experimental results obtained, which is then validated for fibers of different curliness. The sound absorption coefficients of the samples with different curliness values are measured. It is observed that an increase in curliness increases the airflow resistivity and sound absorption coefficient. The mathematical model proposed by Miki is used to predict the sound absorption coefficient, and the predicted results are compared with the measured results.
Pore-pressure development near tunnel due to underwater explosion from centrifuge tests
Authors: De Anirban , Niemiec Anthony , Zimmie Thomas F.
Published: July 2020

An instrumented 1:70 scale model underground tunnel, located below a free water body, was subjected to explosions in centrifuge model tests. Utilising centrifuge scaling relations, each test at 70g modelled the effects of an explosion due to approximately 0.9 t of trinitrotoluene equivalent. The explosives were located at the ground surface, above the tunnel centreline. The effect of water level on the extent of damage was of primary interest in this study. Instrumentation in each test included pore-water pressure (PWP) transducers and strain gauges. PWP and strain measurements showed instantaneous increase due to the explosion, followed by gradual dissipation. The magnitude of peak pore pressure and strain increased with increase in water level. PWP ratios, calculated based on measured PWPs during the centrifuge tests, indicate that liquefaction occurred near the ground surface, close to the crown of the tunnel in all cases and at the bottom, near the endspan, only when the water level was high. The measured pore-pressure ratios and strains, induced due to the explosion, are useful in understanding the effects of explosion on an underground tunnel below a water body.
Root structure of shrub encroaching plants in the African savannas: insights from Terminalia sericea (Burch. ex dc) across a climate gradient in the Kalahari Basin
Authors: Nakanyala Jesaya , Hipondoka Martin
Published: July 2020

The competitive exclusion of grasses by shrubs in the African savannas is an elusive phenomenon. The popular concept, Walter’s two-layer hypothesis is still inconclusive. This concept suggests that trees and shrubs in the savannas develop deeper roots to avoid competition with grasses. This study was designed to test this hypothesis by investigating the root system of T. sericea, one of the common encroaching species in the Kalahari Basin. Using direct excavation method, 39 shrubs were randomly excavated across the Kalahari Basin.Results revealed contrasting rooting strategies by T. sericea under varying climatic conditions. Drier areas exhibit largely lateral roots, whereas moist sites were dominated by dual root systems. These findings are not consistent with the existing framework which argues that savanna shrubs are essentially deeper rooted. Instead, results support an emerging hypothesis that certain savanna shrubs opportunistically adapt their root systems in response to the prevailing environmental constraints such as water availability A shrub such as T. sericea with lateral roots abundantly deployed in shallow soil depth points to a direct competition exclusion with grasses in the Kalahari Basin. It is probable that the occurrence of shrub encroachment by T. sericea is a manifestation of this competitive interaction, contrary to the root niche partitioning hypothesis. Future savanna models need to be cognizant of the variation in savanna shrubs roots system architecture and its potential implications on tree-grass coexistence and competition.
New Challenge
Authors: Benson Malcolm J. , Benson Valerie A.
Published: July 2020

This paper offers some preliminary thoughts on the testing ofvideo courses, including a review of the literature and an examinationof the research on the subject. The unique characteristics ofvideo courses suggest that different language learning outcomes maybe expected, which means that creating appropriate tests is thereforea new challenge for language teachers. The paper lists subtesttypes, and gives an example of a test used by the authors. Based onthis experience, a number of guidelines are offered regarding thecreation of appropriate tests, and a direction for future research inthe area is suggested.
Uluabat gölü ve çevresinde peyzaj karakter alanlarının belirlenerek sürdürülebilir alan kullanım stratejilerinin geliştirilmesi
Authors: AKBANA Ayşenur , BULUT Yahya
Published: July 2020

Nüfus artışı, plansız kentleşme ve sanayi kaynaklı etkiler özellikle içerisinde bulunduğumuz yüzyılda, etkisini artan oranlarda hissettirmekte ve çevre üzerindeki baskısını arttırmaktadır. Bu baskılar peyzajların bozulmasına ve sulak alanlar gibi hassas ekosistemlere sahip alanlarda geri dönüşü mümkün olmayan kayıpların yaşanmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu kayıplar çevresel kaygıların ön plana çıkmasını ve bu doğrultuda uluslararası bir takım adımlar atılması gerekliliğini beraberinde getirmiştir. Peyzajların tanımlanması, korunması, yönetilmesi ve planlaması konularında uluslararası bir dil birliği geliştirilmesi amacıyla imzaya açılan Avrupa Peyzaj Sözleşmesi bu konuda atılan en önemli adımlardan biridir. APS gereğince; taraf ülkelerin tümü, peyzajlarını tanımlama, peyzaj karakter tiplerini belirleme, peyzajın değişim ve dönüşümünü izlemeyi taahhüt etmişlerdir. Bu çalışmada ülkemizin de taraf olduğu APS’den hareketle aynı zamanda uluslararası öneme sahip bir sulak alan olan Uluabat Gölü ve çevresinde planlama, yönetim, koruma ve sürdürülebilir alan kullanımına yönelik karar alma aşamalarında önemli bir yeri olan peyzaj karakter değerlendirme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada peyzaj karakter değerlendirme yönteminin bir aşaması olan peyzaj karakter analizindeki, peyzaj karakter tip ve alanlarının belirlenmesi aşamasına odaklanılmıştır. Çalışma alanının belirlenmesinde Ramsar tampon bölge sınırları dikkate alınmıştır. CBS tekniklerinden yararlanılan ve arazi çalışmalarıyla desteklenen çalışma sonucunda 229 adet peyzaj karakter tipi ve 7 adet peyzaj karakter alanı belirlenmiştir. Belirlenen her bir peyzaj karakter alanına ilişkin baskı unsurları ortaya konularak, sürdürülebilir alan kullanımına ilişkin öneriler geliştirilmiştir.
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis electroporation v1
Authors: J. M. Swafford Andrew , P. Hussey Shane , K. Fritz-Laylin Lillian
Published: July 2020

Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (BD) is a parasitic symbiote with many frogs. BD infection is devastating to most frog species, causing mass mortality in ~6.5% of amphibian species. To understand the cellular biology of BD and its interaction with amphibians, we have developed an method of electroporation, allowing for efficient deliver of extracellular constructs to infectious BD zoospores. The current method reliably loads 95% of treated cells with extracellular dextrans.
Donor Acceptance Criteria for TMC Florida/Zurich HuBMAP Inclusion v1
Authors: Jorgensen Marda
Published: July 2020

This document outlines the required criteria for inclusion for donors of thymus, lymph nodes and spleen in the HuBMAP project.
La leyenda de La niña araña del panteón en Guanajuato, México
Authors: Medrano de Luna Gabriel
Published: July 2020

En este artículo edito y analizo una leyenda oral que me fue comunicada por don Luis Marín (n. 1943), gran depositario de la tradición oral de Guanajuato (México) en 2018. Es leyenda conocida en el estado de Guanajuato como La niña araña, y en otras tradiciones como El taxista de las ánimas o El conductor de la mujer fantasma. Narra cómo una joven fantasma pide a un taxista que la lleve al panteón, en el que ella ingresa trepando por las paredes; el taxista acaba muriendo por causa de la impresión que le produce aquella visión. Analizo además otras versiones: orales, publicadas en la prensa y publicadas en internet (en soporte escrito y en soporte de video) relativas al panteón de la ciudad de Guanajuato y de la cercana ciudad de Salamanca. Son mucho más pobres (sobre todo las versiones de internet) que la versión oral de don Luis Marín. Me refiero también a los paralelos tanto del ámbito hispánico como de otras procedencias.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE LONGITUDINAL MEASUREMENT INVARIANCE OF THE SOCIAL PRESENCE SCALE DEVELOPED FOR OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: SAHIN Murat Dogan , KILINC Hakan , ALTINPULLUK Hakan
Published: July 2020

As with all fields of social sciences, open and distance learning studies frequently use self-reports in their collection of data. Similarly, as with all measurement tools, proof of construct validity through statistical processes is important for testing hypotheses based on the findings, making decisions, and essentially ensuring the tools and methods used are fit for purpose. During construct validity testing processes, the reporting of findings regarding measurement invariance of a scale is an important element that is often neglected. This study aims to portray the longitudinal invariance of the Social Presence Scale (Cakmak, Cebi & Kan, 2014), which is frequently used to determine the social presence in open and distance learning environments research and has confirmed construct validity in the literature, through repeated measurements obtained in an experimental study. This research was conducted on 280 learners in a 3-month interval. The data gathered was analyzed for measurement invariance using the Mplus 7.0 software package in accordance with the four stages described in the literature. The measurement invariance tested in each stage were studied for ΔCFI, and ΔRMSEA values in addition to likelihood chi-square. The findings indicate the conditions required for measurement invariance in each stage, or in other words, the longitudinal invariance of the scale was achieved. The findings of this study may provide a precedent for similar studies in the future.
THE ALGORITHM OF EVALUATING A MARGINAL INDIVIDUAL PRICE DISTRIBUTION UNDER AN EXPLICIT MARKETING RESEARCH
Authors: Shpyrko V. , Iarmolenko I.
Published: July 2020

This article presents a method for conducting a marketing research aiming to evaluate statistics of a “Willingness-to-Pay” random variable distribution. Similarly, this approach can be used for evaluating minimal price a customer is ready to sell a good for. Since a general survey tends to bring bias into WTP evaluation, we suggest reducing psychological pressure while asking a single question “Would you buy this product for X amount of money?”. It was empirically shown that this information is enough to conduct an experiment and evaluate the characteristics of a population distribution. The algorithm is easy to use, however needs an expert control for gaining higher accuracy. Using tools of simulation modeling we assessed the level of bias of an experimentally obtained distribution statistics compared to a real population statistics. The algorithm helps predicting individual demand and total income level depending on a product pricing level.
A NEW APPROACH TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF A POST-QUANTUM ELECTRONIC DIGITAL SIGNATURE SCHEME
Authors:   V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Kuznetsov Oleksandr , Kiian Anastasiia ,   V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Pushkar’ov Andriy ,   Administration of the State Service for Special Communications and Information Protection of Ukraine, Kuznetsova Tetiana ,   V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
Published: July 2020

Cryptographic information security techniques are essential in building a modern cybersecurity infrastructure. Recently, there have been new challenges and threats to cryptographic transformation. In particular, the emergence and rapid development of the latest quantum computing technologies necessitates the urgent need for the development and research of new methods of post-quantum cryptographic transformations, that is, those that will be sustainable even if quantum cryptanalysis is possible. This article is devoted to the analysis of possibilities of implementation of digital signature schemes based on using error-correcting codes. This approach allows cryptographers to build schemes that are resistant to both classic cryptanalysis and cryptanalysis which uses quantum computing. The article describes the principles of the classic digital signature scheme which is named CFS and built using a Niederreiter-like transform, and also we propose a new approach that enables an implementation of signature according to the McEliece transformations. This approach preserves the advantages of its predecessor and provides additional protection against special attacks. Also, a comparative analysis and characterization of the considered schemes according to the criteria of resistance to classic and quantum cryptanalysis, complexity of necessary transformations and length of generated signatures are made. The results show that reliable and secure cryptographic transformations can be built, in particular, electronic digital signature algorithms that are code-based and secure even in the case of quantum cryptanalysis. However, it should be noted that the drawback of code-based signature schemes is the large amount of key data required by the algorithm, as well as the difficulty in creating a signature due to the need for multiple decryption of the syndrome, which remains a topical topic and needs further research.
ANALYSIS OF THE PRIMARY TRENDS IN CYBERSECURITY
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Oksiiuk Oleksandr , Zerko Andriy ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Fesenko Andriy ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: July 2020

Open and free cyberspace increases the freedom of people and social communications, in such conditions it becomes especially important to search for new possibilities of ensuring the state security in view of the formation of a new confrontation field - cyberspace. It is important to analyze the actual problems of information security, actions of the world governments and world organizations for identifying the current state of modern trends in the cybersecurity field. Cybersecurity incidents affect the lives of consumers of informational and many other services, and cyberattacks targeting various objects of electronic communications infrastructure or process management. This article covers in detail the factors that influence the state of cybersecurity in the country, its cyberspace and the protection of information objects. The rapid development of malicious software in the world and the lines of action by famous hacker groups are analyzed. The tendencies of active legislative updates in the cybersecurity field of the world’s leading countries, such as creating new structural groups, increasing the number of existing ones and increasing their funding, are identified. The reasons for attackers concentrating their efforts on the search for assets vulnerabilities and the development of a unique multifunctional malware and technologies for unauthorized assets are considered. Structured information about the status of modern trends in the field of cybersecurity and information protection is presented in this article. The situation that has evolved to date with cybercrime requires continuous improvement of cybercrime fighting methods, development of information systems and methods aimed at ensuring the country's cybersecurity. Therefore, the issue of cyberspace security, cybercrime fighting is relevant internationally as well as at the national level and therefore needs further consideration.
Associated factors with resilience and burnout: a cross-sectional study in a teaching group in Spain
Authors: Vicente de Vera García M. Inmaculada , Gabari Gambarte M. Inés
Published: July 2020

El profesorado es especialmente vulnerable a desarrollar burnout. La resiliencia es la capacidad de las personas para sobreponerse ante las dificultades de la vida. El objeto del estudio consistió en establecer relaciones entre las percepciones de burnout y resiliencia en el colectivo encuestado. Fue un estudio transversal, descriptivo y correlacional, que respondió a una muestra aleatoria simple de 1268 docentes en el año académico 2017/2018, a través de la participación voluntaria y anónima. Para la evaluación del burnout se empleó la adaptación al castellano del (MBI-GS) de Salanova, Schaufeli, Llorens, Peiró and Grau (2000). La resiliencia se midió mediante el Cuestionario de Evaluación de Resiliencia de Serrano-Martínez (2010). Se hallaron altos puntajes en la dimensión eficacia personal/profesional que sugieren una autoevaluación positiva del trabajo por parte del profesorado, y su influencia como factor protector contra la sensación de estar quemado, solo 2.40% con alto agotamiento y cinismo y bajo puntaje de eficacia. Los resultados mostraron bajo índice de burnout y nivel medio en resiliencia. Se concluyó que la resiliencia disminuye la vulnerabilidad al burnout. Además, las características personales y la resiliencia de los docentes actuaron como variables moduladoras frente al síndrome del burnout.Palabras clave: resiliencia; burnout; estrés laboral; eficacia personal/profesional; inteligencia emocional.
Ecological genetics of beetles of the genus Adalia: composition of A. Bipunctata populations from Italy but not France depends on climatic factors
Authors: Zakharov Ilya A. , Rubanovich Alexander V.
Published: July 2020

The composition of 13 populations of Adalia bipunctata L. collected in France and Italy was studied. The proportion of black individuals varies from 7.7% to 84.7%. Comparison of the composition of color forms with climatic parameters of habitats showed that the proportion of black individuals in the Italian populations negatively correlates with the mean temperatures of the period of reproduction of beetles (MayJuly). No such relationship was found for the more Northern populations living in France.
COVID-19 pandemic: impact of lockdown and hospital classification on neurological patients
Authors: Singh Amandeep , Goyal Nitisha , Chouksey Dinesh , Telang Kapil , Jain Rahul , Sodani Ajoy K.
Published: July 2020

Background: COVID-19 pandemic has impacted human life by the steps taken to mitigate it. The restriction of movement and earmarking hospitals exclusively for catering to the COVID-19 patients might have affected the health of non-COVID-19 patients adversely. This study was aimed to assess the impact of lockdown and hospital classification in neurological patients.Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Neurology in a 1000 bedded teaching hospital which has been earmarked as COVID dedicated hospital (the red hospital). The patients who attended the outpatient department and discharged from the Neurology department, prior to the lockdown, were contacted telephonically and asked to report their difficulties, if any, in the procurement of prescribed medication, medical consultation, monitoring drug side effects, and symptom control, etc. Patients were grouped into those who needed close surveillance and routine follow up.Results: Out of 1201 patients 646 could be reached. The average age of our population (n=646, female 56.4%) was 39.63±15.52 years. In the study group, the prescription breach was found in 343 patients (53.10%), management breach was in 449 (69.50%), confidence breach was in 398 (61.61%) and adverse effect on drug availability was found in 330 (53.10%) patients. In the close surveillance group (n=420), the patient's health was deemed to be at risk in 328 (78.10%) patients as compared to 161 patients (71.24%) in routine follow up group with a significant p value of 0.05.Conclusions: Our results suggest that lockdown and classification of hospitals to cater exclusively to COVID-19 patients has significantly ill-affected the health of the non-COVID subjects.
Aplicação de técnicas termoanalíticas (TGA/DTA) para avaliação do comportamento térmico de amostras de argilas para obtenção de pozolanas
Authors: Medeiros Jean Luis Gomes de , Morais Crislene Rodrigues da Silva
Published: July 2020

A busca por materiais que sejam empregados na construção civil de forma sustentável, tanto do ponto de vista ambiental como em relação a durabilidade e resistência, tem sido motivo de muitas pesquisas. As argilas termicamente ativadas ganharam importância como uma fonte de material cimentício suplementar, uma vez que apresentam vantagens ambientais, como redução da emissão de CO2, econômicas, devido à redução do consumo de energia para produção de cimentos, e técnicas, uma vez que melhoram a resistência e a durabilidade dos concretos e argamassas, além da abundância na natureza. Neste trabalho, é avaliado o comportamento térmico de três argilas do litoral sul da Paraíba. As amostras das argilas foram submetidas a um tratamento térmico para as temperaturas de 600 ºC, 700 ºC e 800 ºC e analisadas pelas técnicas termoanalíticas (TGA/DTA). As argilas foram caracterizadas físico-química e mineralogicamente, antes e após o tratamento térmico, e foram classificadas como material pozolânico tipo N, de acordo com as exigências químicas da Norma NBR 12653/2015. Os estudos térmicos das amostras de argila indicam que, nas temperaturas de calcinação de 600 °C e 800 °C, as perdas de massa observadas foram muito pequenas, da ordem de 2%, enquanto que, na temperatura de calcinação de 700 °C, grandes perdas de massa foram verificadas, principalmente para as amostras JPS2 e JPS3, com  valores de 7,41% e 11,02%, respectivamente.
DO TIME MANAGEMENT FACTORS IMPEDE STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT? : A CASESTUDY – SOHAR UNIVERSITY, OMAN
Authors: Alani Farooq Salman , Khan Firdouse Rahman , Hawas Abdulrazzaq Tuama
Published: July 2020

Purpose: The objective of the research study is to critically analyze the factors impeding time management towards students’ academic performance achievement.

Design/methodology/approach: The study was carried out using a well-defined questionnaire collecting samples from 164 undergraduate students studying in the Faculty of Business, Sohar University, Sultanate of Oman from a population of 700 undergraduate students. For the study, the cluster-sampling method was adopted. SPSS was used to perform the statistical analysis.

Findings: The empirical results reveal that none of the claimed factors related to time management influence the academic performance of the students. The students’ performance is purely based on their efforts and on their own self-management. Thus, it was concluded that it is the responsibility of the students to manage their time for which they should make their own plans.

Practical Implications: The study confirms that the student's stay at the hostel facilitates them to improve their academic performances. It is also interpreted that the students are carried away by the domestic work during their stay at home, parents should take utmost not to deprived of their time for study. Parents should make necessary arrangements to reduce their travel time. Students should have their own self-control and self-commitment to manage and plan their own time for study purposes.

Originality/value: The research work is of its first kind as it focuses on the impact of time management factors on the academic performances of the students.
Embarazo triple - Conjugado - Superfetación
Authors: Zabaleta Lombana Alberto , Milanés Pernett Jorge
Published: July 2020

Presentamos un caso de embarazo triple que proponemos denominar "conjugado" : ectópico tubario bilateral e intrauterino, único hasta ahora relatado pues que no encontrarnos ocurrencia igual en la bibliografía consultada en el lndex Medicus hasta la edición de diciembre de 1962.Como corolario que constituye en verdad el motivo de esta comunicación, está el hecho de la superfetación del huevo tubario izquierdo permitiéndonos tal afirmación las características físicas de los fetos, su aspecto saludable y las condiciones de vitalidad de sus anexos.
Anemia ferropénica y embarazo
Authors: Acosta Bendek Eduardo , Barrios Salcedo Manuel , Hazbun Hirezi Carlos
Published: July 2020

Etimológicamente la palabra anemia significa "sin sangre", pero clínicamente se entiende por ella toda reducción de los valores normales de los glóbulos rojos ( Gs. Rs. ) , de la hemoglobina (Hb.') y del hematocrito (Ht.) . El volumen sanguíneo (V. S.) puede reducirse enormemente como en la hemorragia aguda, pero puede permanecer estacionario o aumentar como sucede durante el embarazo. A la eritroponia se le llama también oligocitemia; a la disminución de la Hb., oligocronemia y a la reducción del V. S. oligohemia. Sin embargo, tales términos son poco usados.
Tuberculosis genital
Authors: Durán Velasco Fabio , Arenas Buenahora Isaías , Rey Rey Primitivo
Published: July 2020

No obstante habérsenos designado para elaborar un correlato al tema Tuberculosis genital, y a pesar de haber tenido la mejor buena voluntad de realizarlo, múltiples factores adversos no nos permitieron traer a esta reunión un trabajo digno del nivel científico de este certamen y nos fue imposible llevar a cabo una verdadera investigación en la búsqueda de esta enfermedad, por limitaciones de laboratório y de orden económico en nuestro medio hospitalario.
Mola hidatiforme. Revisión de 91 casos clínicos en el Hospital Universitario. Unidad Obstétrica
Authors: Valencia Hurtado Fernando , Góngora Sánchez Humberto , Vélez Ramírez Octavio , Mejía Vieira Fabio , Mejía Rojas Eduardo
Published: July 2020

El propósito de este trabajo sobre mola hidatiforme es presentar una revisión discriminativa de 91 casos que se han presentado en la Unidad Obstétrica del Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología del Hospital Universitario de Caldas, Facultad de Medicina, en el período comprendido entre el 19 de enero de 1957 al 30 de junio de 1963 .
Abruptio placentae. Análisis clínico de 132 casos
Authors: Ochoa M. Germán , Restrepo A. Luis Fernando
Published: July 2020

1 . Se presentan 132 casos de abruptio placentae, ocurridos en el Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl y en el l. C. S. S., de Medellín, durante los años de 1961 , 62 y primer semestre del 63.2 . La frecuencia es de 1 por 300 (3 .3% ).3. Los síntomas y signos más frecuentes son hemorragia externa. dolor abdominal, hipertonía y sensibilidad uterina . El 64.4% ingresan en trabajo de parto.4 . La toxemia se asocia al abruptio en 22.0%.5. El hidramnios, el embarazo múltiple y el cordón corto no aparecen como factores causales. El trauma lo es en 2 casos.6. El 58.5 % de las pacientes son mayores de 29 años.7. El 93 % de las pacientes son múltíparas, y 58.5% tienen más de 5 partos .
Tumores del Trofoblasto. A propósito de 12 casos de corioepitelioma y dos de corioadenoma destruens
Authors: Acosta Bendek Eduardo
Published: July 2020

1.A través de una revisión en el hospital de Barranquilla, en un lapso de 8 años, sobre los tumores del trofoblasto, se encontró la siguiente incidencia:a)Una mola por cada 311 embarazos.b)Un C. E. por cada 4.363 embarazos.c)Un C. D. por cada 26.179 embarazos.2.Se estudian los factores etiológicos posibles de estos tumores.3.La mortalidad del C. D. fue de o; la del C. E. fue de 72.8%.4.Se demuestra que de los tumores del trofoblasto, el C. E. sigue siendo el más maligno.5.La metástasis más frecuente de estos tumores fue al pulmón.6.El diagnóstico definitivo sólo se hizo después de la extirpación de la pieza quirúrgica.7.El tratamiento primario de todos estos tumores es el quirúrgico, seguido del quimioterapéutico en aquellos casos de C. E.8.La mayor supervivencia se obtuvo en los casos de C. E. con tratamiento mixto.
Un caso de embarazo a término en paciente con bloqueo completo auriculo ventricular por lesión chagásica del corazón tratado con marcapaso electrónico
Authors: Martínez Sáenz Carlos
Published: July 2020

1º Se presenta un caso de parto a término normal con feto vivo en paciente cardiópata chagásica comprobada, que da por más de 18 meses graves manifestaciones de insuficiencia cardíaca con crisis de Stokes-Adams por bloqueo A. V., completo, a quien re le aplica un marcapaso electrónico permanente para corregirlo.2º El parto de un feto femenino de 2.600 gramos, hija de madre cardiópata chagásica, sometida desde el principio de la gestación a la acción permanente de marcapaso electrónico, fue normal y espontáneo. No se encuentran hasta el momento manifestaciones fetales achacables a T. Cruzzi.3º El estudio histológico de la placenta no revela alteraciones patológicas, y las coloraciones no demuestran presencia de flagelados.4º Se considera, de acuerdo con la investigación efectuada, que este parece ser el primer caso en la literatura mundial de parto normal espontáneo en paciente con marcapaso electrónico, colocado como tratamiento de síndrome de Stokes-Adams, por bloqueo A. V., completo.
Early Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Family Planning Utilisation and Termination of Pregnancy Services in Gauteng, South Africa: March–April 2020
Authors: Adelekan Tsholofelo , Mihretu Belete , Mapanga Witness , Nqeketo Sithembile , Chauke Lawrence , Dwane Zuko , Baldwin-Ragaven Laurel
Published: July 2020

Background: Experiences from infectious outbreaks globally, such as Ebola and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), highlight the challenges of government to maintain essential healthcare services, guarantee healthcare access and at the same time shift resources to contain and mitigate the crisis.

The declaration of the State of Disaster in South Africa due to the COVID 19 pandemic (on the 15th of March) and the subsequent imposition of a total national lockdown on all usual activities were anticipated to have both direct and indirect negative consequences on healthcare utilisation including reproductive healthcare services.

Objective: The objective of this study is to describe the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on family planning and termination of pregnancy services utilisation immediately following the lockdown in Gauteng Province.

Methods: We analysed the administrative data on clinical services utilisation during the previous two years, including five weeks following the enforcement of the lockdown in South Africa, from the District Health Information System database over the period 1 April 2018–30 April 2020.

Results: Primary healthcare utilisation headcounts across the province declined by nearly 500,000 visits following the lockdown period. Family planning utilisation patterns which are demand-driven declined during the two months preceding the COVID-19 pandemic and further declined during the lockdown. Switching contraceptive methods to those with less effectiveness were noted as a trend over the previous two years. Year on year comparisons from April 2018 to April 2020 indicated a consistent decline in the use of injectable methods and increased use of oral contraceptive pills.

Conclusion: This review highlights the importance of monitoring the utilisation of routine healthcare services during the outbreak situations to ensure that service provision is not compromised. Women of reproductive age must be able to exercise their reproductive choices to prevent unintended pregnancies and to reduce their risk of mortality as a result of diminished access to reproductive healthcare services.
Descobrindo e recobrindo o passado nas salas de aula com assassin’s creed origins discovery tour
Authors: Araújo de Lima Rodrigo , De Paiva Bondioli Nelson
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo propõe uma análise a respeito do modo Discovery Tour, desenvolvido pela Ubisoft Montreal para o jogo Assassin’s Creed Origins. O Discovery Touré proposto pelos desenvolvedores como uma ferramenta “puramente educacional”, entendida como um “Museu Virtual” auxiliando alunos na compreensão do passado por meiodetoursguiados e a exploração de sítios históricos. Problematiza-se neste estudo a censura realizada às estátuas do mundo Greco-Romano, uma vez que essas aparecem neste –e somente neste –modo de jogo com seios e genitálias cobertas por conchas, levantando-se questões acerca do ensino e o olhar sexualizado sobre o passado.
PEMEROLEHAN BAHASA AUD AUTIS PADA SEKOLAH EKSKLUSIF YANG INKLUSIF (STUDI DESKRIPTIF DI TALENTA KIDS SALATIGA)
Authors: Bariyyah Khoirul
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemerolehan bahasa pada anak usia dini berkebutuhan khusus dan difokuskan pada anak usia dini penyandang autis. Subjek kajian dalam penelitian ini adalah anak usia dini penyandang autis di Sekolah Autis Talenta Kids Salatiga. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara, observasi langsung dan studi dokumentasi. Analisis data kualitataif melalui empat alur yaitu pengumpulan data, reduksi data, display data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Peneliti menggunakan triangulasi teknik untuk menguji validitas data hasil penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemerolehan bahasa di Sekolah Autis Talenta Kids dilakukan melalui lima tahapan. Tahapan tersebut antara lain: 1) identifikasi kelainan pada anak autis, 2) terapi wicara yang dilakukan oleh para profesional bekerjasama dengan guru dan orang tua, 3) terapi message, 4) interaksi dengan teman sebaya, 5) interaksi dengan lingkungan sekitar sekolah.
Implementasi Kegiatan Sains Melalui Konstruktivisme Inkuiri Dengan Eksperimen Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Kognitif Anak
Authors: Windarta Libri Rizka Puri
Published: July 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana implementasi kegiatanbermain sains melalui konstruksi inkuiri dengan metode eksperimen untuk meningkatkankemampuan kognitif anak. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas dengansubjek penelitian anak-anak kelompok B di TK ABA Sumberadi, yang terdiri dari 24 anakdengan 13 anak perempuan dan 11 anak laki-laki. Objek penelitian ini adalahkemampuan kognitif yang akan ditingkatkan melalui konstruktivisme inkuiri melaluimetode eksperimen pada kegiatan sains. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakanadalah observasi dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah deskriptifkuantitatif. Hasil penelitian ini telah menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kemampuankognitif pada anak kelompok B di TK ABA Sumberadi setelah menggunakan kegiatansains. Hal tersebut dapat dibuktikan dengan adanya peningkatan dari siklus ke siklusyaitu dari pra tindakan, siklus I sampai ke siklus II yaitu nilai rata-rata kemampuankognitif anak pra tindakan adalah 50% dengan kriteria kurang baik meningkat menjadi65,3% kriteria cukup pada siklus I dan meningkat lagi setelah pelaksanaan siklus II yaitumenjadi 86,1% dengan kriteria baik.
Intérêt et limites du modèle Meishan pour l’étude de la croissance musculaire chez le porc
Authors: LEFAUCHEUR L. , LOUVEAU I. , SCHNOEBELEN S. , ECOLAN P. , BONNEAU M.
Published: July 2020

Cet article fait partie du dossier : Le déterminisme génétique du développement musculaire
A Hundred Lives Lost: Doctor Deaths in India During the Times of COVID-19
Authors: Jayadevan Rajeev
Published: July 2020

Background: Over 900,000 cases of COVID-19 and 23,000 deaths have been reported till 13 July in India. Preserving the limited healthcare workforce is part of the strategy against the pandemic. Mortality and morbidity data have a role in customising this strategy. At this time, there is no published study on COVID-related mortality among doctors or other healthcare workers in India. Methods: A multi-pronged search was made for all reported deaths linked with COVID-19 among doctors in India. Details of COVID-linked deaths reported by mainstream media and by multiple professional social media sources were collected, screened, verified and analysed. Violent deaths occurring in the setting of pandemic-related work were separately listed. Deaths from other diseases were excluded. Results: Among 108 COVID-linked deaths among doctors, there were four pandemic-related violent deaths including three road accidents and a suicide. Of the 104 non-violent deaths, 55.5% were below 60 years of age, while 29.6% and 21% were below the age of 50 and 40 respectively. The average age at death was 56.3 (range 22 - 96). Over half of the deaths occurred among general practitioners, while surgical specialties accounted for 27% of the mortality. The geographic distribution of deaths of doctors correlated with the reported number of COVID-19 patients in each state. The total number of COVID-related healthcare worker deaths was 136, out of which eight (5.8%) were violent, and occurred in young individuals with an average age of 27.8 years. Conclusions: The majority of the 104 COVID-related non-violent deaths among doctors (55.5%) occurred below the age of 60. The average at death was 56.6 years. The states with highest number of COVID-19 cases had greater number of doctor deaths. Violent deaths among young healthcare workers in the setting of the pandemic requires special attention.
Advances in Engineering CRISPR-Cas9 as a Molecular Swiss Army Knife
Authors: Meaker Grace A. , Hair Emma J. , Gorochowski Thomas E.
Published: July 2020

The RNA-guided endonuclease system CRISPR-Cas9 has been extensively modified since its discovery, allowing its capabilities to be extending far beyond double-stranded cleavage to high fidelity insertions, deletions, and single base edits. Such innovations have been possible due to the modular architecture of CRISPR-Cas9 and the robustness of its component parts to modifications and the fusion of new functional elements. Here, we review the broad toolkit of CRISPR-Cas9-based systems now available for diverse genome editing tasks. We provide an overview of their core molecular structure and mechanism and distil the design principles used to engineer their diverse functionalities. We end by looking beyond the biochemistry and towards the societal and ethical challenges that these CRISPR-Cas9 systems face if their transformative capabilities are to be deployed in a safe and acceptable manner.
Production and characterisation of monoclonal antibodies against immunoglobulins of Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton 1822)
Authors: Mohanty Snatashree , Makesh M. , Rajendran K. V. , Suresh Babu P. P. , Anand Deepika , Kumar Saurav , Kumar Abhay , Baitha Raju , Sarma Kamal
Published: July 2020

Serum immunoglobulins (Ig) of mrigal Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton 1822) immunised with bovine serum albumin (BSA), were purified by affinity chromatography using BSA-CL agarose column. The purified mrigal Ig (m-Ig) was characterised under reducing condition by Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) which revealed two bands of 85 and 26 kDa corresponding to heavy and light chain, respectively. Following fusion of splenocytes from Balb/c mice immunised with purified m-Ig with myeloma cells, three hybridomas showing reactivity with m-Ig were cloned by limiting dilution. The monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) generated by these clones were designated as 3B2-E12, 3B2-F9 and 4C3-B2 and characterised by western blotting and isotyping. Western blot analysis of the supernatant from the three clones with purified m-Ig indicated that, all the three MAbs were specific to heavy chain. Isotyping revealed that 3B2-E12 MAb was of IgG1 isotype whereas the other two MAbs were of IgG2a isotype. Cross reactivity of anti-mrigal Ig MAb (3B2-E12) was observed with serum Ig of Catla catla and Labeo rohita indicating semi-conserved nature of Ig in Indian major carps.
Growth overfishing of hilsa shad in Hooghly-Bhagirathi river system, India: Assessment and management implications
Authors: Sajina A. M. , Suresh V. R. , Sandhya K. M. , Mukherjee J. , Manna R. K. , Banik S. K. , Maity Tara , Samanta R.
Published: July 2020

Juvenile fishing of the migratory hilsa shad, Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton, 1822), is rampant in the coastal waters of northern Bay of Bengal and associated Hooghly-Bhagirathi river system. The average annual economic loss due to this was estimated at `497.84 million (around US$ 7.8 million) necessitating urgent need for managing it to maximise benefits from the fishery as it forms a major fishery resource in the region. Factors leading to juvenile fishing and the possible solutions to control the resultant biological and economic loss are discussed.
Quantification of morphological variations among populations of Channa gachua (Hamilton, 1822) from different geographical locations in India
Authors: Kumar Ravi , Jaiswar A. K. , Sharma Rama , Prasad Laxmi
Published: July 2020

Morphological variations among distinctly distributed populations of Channa gachua (Hamilton, 1822) from three different geographical locations in India, viz., Gangetic Plains (GP), Western Hills and Plateau (WHP) and Eastern Himalaya (EH), were studied based on 200 specimens collected from these regions. The average total length of C. gachua was recorded as 128.5±4.0 mm, 126.3±5.5 mm and 123.1±6.9 mm from GP, WHP and EH, respectively. The analysis revealed variations in sixteen morphometric variables out of twenty measured variables among the GP and other two populations (p<0.05), except eye diameter, head width, anal fin base length and caudal fin length. However, WHP and EH populations did not show any significant difference among the measured characters. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that first three PCs explained 90.12% of the total variance. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) revealed that 108 out of 200 fish samples (54.0%) were correctly classified to the actual sampling locations whereas remaining samples (46.0%) showed overlapping spatial distribution. The corrected classification rate of each population ranged from 24 to 67%. It is concluded that despite morphometric variability in head and jaws, features among GP and other two populations studied, the three must still be considered to be of the same species. The study indicates the existence of two distinct stocks of C. gachua; - one in the Gangetic Plains and another in Western Hills and Plateau and Eastern Himalayan regions.
Aspects of reproductive biology of the lesser spiny eel Macrognathus aculeatus (Bloch, 1786) from river Ganga, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Faridi Aysha Aziz , Bano Farah , Serajuddin Mohammad
Published: July 2020

A total of 315 samples of Macrognathus aculeatus (Bloch, 1786) were collected for this study from the river Ganga at Sant Ravidas Nagar, Bhadohi, Uttar Pradesh during June 2016 to May 2017. Chi-square test (χ2) confirmed that the male to female sex ratio was 1:0.93 which was not significantly different from hypothetical ratio of 1:1. The maximum numbers of stage IV gonads were encountered during the month of June indicated its spawning period. Mass and length ratio showed a negative allometric growth (b<3) in males (2.08102), females (2.50212) and for the sexes pooled (2.25371). The maximum and minimum values of condition factor for both the sexes of M. aculeatus were recorded during non-breeding and breeding seasons respectively. The ova diameter of ripe eggs of M. aculeatus ranged between 1.25-1.40 mm during the month of June while the single mean peak value (male =1.40 ± 0.091; female= 4.49 ± 0.059) of the gonado-somatic index of the fish pointed out that the fish has only one breeding season during monsoon. Absolute fecundity varied from 800 to 1510, with an average value of 1247 eggs. Fecundity was found to be highly correlated with the total length (r = 0.9041), body weight (r = 0.8901), ovary length (r = 0.8721) and ovary weight (r 0.9210) which were found to be significant
Mud-clast armoring and its implications for turbidite systems
Authors: Hizzett Jamie L. , Sumner Esther J. , Cartigny Matthieu J.B. , Clare Michael A.
Published: July 2020

Seafloor sediment density flows are the primary mechanism for transporting sediment to the deep sea. These flows are important because they pose a hazard to seafloor infrastructure and deposit the largest sediment accumulations on Earth. The cohesive sediment content of a flow (i.e., clay) is an important control on its rheological state (e.g., turbulent or laminar); however, how clay becomes incorporated into a flow is poorly understood. One mechanism is by the abrasion of (clay-rich) mud clasts. Such clasts are common in deep-water deposits, often thought to have traveled over large (more than tens of kilometers) distances. These long travel distances are at odds with previous experimental work that suggests that mud clasts should disintegrate rapidly through abrasion. To address this apparent contradiction, we conduct laboratory experiments using a counter rotating annular flume to simulate clast transport in sediment density flows. We find that as clay clasts roll along a sandy floor, surficial armoring develops and reduces clast abrasion and thus enhances travel distance. For the first time we show armoring to be a process of renewal and replenishment, rather than forming a permanent layer. As armoring reduces the rate of clast abrasion, it delays the release of clay into the parent flow, which can therefore delay flow transformation from turbidity current to debris flow. We conclude that armored mud clasts can form only within a sandy turbidity current; hence where armored clasts are found in debrite deposits, the parent flow must have undergone flow transformation farther up slope.
PLANT TAPHONOMY IN A LAKE AFFECTED BY VOLCANISM (AGUA DE LA ZORRA FORMATION, UPPER TRIASSIC) MENDOZA, ARGENTINA
Authors: PEDERNERA TOMÁS E. , MANCUSO ADRIANA C. , BENAVENTE CECILIA A. , OTTONE EDUARDO G.
Published: July 2020

Volcanic eruptions have an impact on the paleoecology of plant communities and their preservation in the fossil record. The aim of this contribution is to evaluate the influence of volcanism on plant preservation in lacustrine settings via systematic sampling and chemical analyses of fossil plants in the Upper Triassic Agua de la Zorra Formation, of the Argentinian Cuyana Basin. Plant remains are not uniformly preserved throughout the Agua de la Zorra Formation and their stratigraphic distribution reflects the original spatial pattern of the plant communities. SEM-EDX analyses was used to demonstrate how volcanism affected diagenesis of the plant remains. Eight taphonomic modes were determined from biostratinomic analysis, and three preservational modes from the chemical features observed in the SEM-EDX spectra. The three preservation modes recognized by SEM-EDX analysis are more likely linked to diagenesis and are not equivalent to the taphonomic modes described based on the biostratinomic features. The Agua de la Zorra paleolake preferentially preserved plant material because of anoxic conditions in deeper parts of the lake, and a high sedimentation rate in proximal near-shore facies. The plant remains are most abundant in sandy facies deposited by high-energy flows but there is no evidence that these flows were pyroclastic nor that the plant remains were generated by volcanic trauma.