bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toward Sustainable Schools: A Mixed Methods Approach to Investigating Distributed Leadership, Organizational Happiness, and Quality of Work Life in Preschools
Authors: Algan Egemen , Ummanel Azize
Published: October 2019

Previous research shows that sustainable organization conditions are associated with high levels of teacher well-being. Organizational happiness and quality of work life, two indicators of teacher well-being in an organization, impact the outcomes of teachers and organizations. Determining ways to support the organizational happiness and quality of work life variables in the organizational environment are gaining significance. Distributed leadership has attracted attention in the literature with its principles. Adopting a sequential explanatory design, qualitative data were collected after quantitative data. In the quantitative component, it was hypothesized that organizational happiness could play a mediating role in the relation between distributed leadership and quality of work life. This was tested through structural equation modeling, and the findings indicated that organizational happiness had a full mediation effect. In the qualitative component, the opinions of administrators regarding the effects of their behaviors on organizational happiness and quality of work life of teachers were investigated within the scope of distributed leadership. The results indicated that administrators’ own behaviors in the school context displayed distributed leadership characteristics.
Remote Sensing-Based Quantification of the Relationships between Land Use Land Cover Changes and Surface Temperature over the Lower Himalayan Region
Authors: Ullah Siddique , Tahir Adnan Ahmad , Akbar Tahir Ali , Hassan Quazi K. , Dewan Ashraf , Khan Asim Jahangir , Khan Mudassir
Published: October 2019

Population growth and population inflow from other regions has caused urbanization which altered land use land cover (LULC) in the lower Himalayan regions of Pakistan. This LULC change increased the land surface temperature (LST) in the region. LULC and LST changes were assessed for the period of 1990–2017 using Landsat data and the support vector machine (SVM) method. A combined cellular automata and artificial neural network (CA-ANN) prediction model was used for simulation of LULC changes for the period of 2032 and 2047 using transition potential matrix obtained from the data years of 2002 and 2017. The accuracy of the CA-ANN model was validated using simulated and classified images of 2017 with correctness value of 70% using validation modules in QGIS. The thermal bands of Landsat images from the years 1990, 2002 and 2017 were used for LST derivation. LST acquired for this period was then modeled for 2032 and 2047 using urban indices (UI) and linear regression analysis. The SVM land cover classification results showed a 5.75% and 4.22% increase in built-up area and bare soil respectively, while vegetation declined by 9.88% during 1990–2017. The results of LST for LULC classes showed that the built-up area had the highest mean LST as compared to other classes. The future projection of LULC and LST showed that the built-up area may increase by 12.48% and 14.65% in 2032 and 2047, respectively, of the total LULC area which was ~11% in 2017. Similarly, the area with temperature above 30 °C could be 44.01% and 58.02% in 2032 and 2047, respectively, of the total study area which was 18.64% in 2017. This study identified major challenges for urban planners to mitigate the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon. In order to address the UHI in the study area, an urban planner might focus on urban plantation and decentralization of urban areas.
The Impact of Environmental Regulation on Firm Export: Evidence from China’s Ecological Protection Red Line Policy?
Authors: Zhai Huayun , Liu Danlan , Chan Kam C.
Published: October 2019

China conducted a comprehensive overhaul of its environmental regulation as of April 2014. The regulation, which calls for a holistic approach to protect the environment, is also called the “Ecological Protection Red Line” (Red Line). It sets comprehensive standards for pollutants and mandates provinces to implement the regulations. The Porter and pollution haven hypotheses were tested for the impact of the Red Line on firm exports using a sample of Chinese A-share firms from 2011 to 2017. Our findings are consistent with the Porter hypothesis. The implementation of the Red Line has a positive impact on a firm’s exports. The findings are robust to alternative metrics of exports and different sub-samples. A firm’s innovation activities (in terms of research and development investments) and production efficiency were found to be the transmission channels, corroborating the underlying logic of the Porter hypothesis. Policy implications are discussed.
Analysis of Travel Mode Choice Behavior Considering the Indifference Threshold
Authors: Zhang Xinjie , Guan Hongzhi , Zhu Haiyan , Zhu Junze
Published: October 2019

An effective way to optimize traffic structures is by changing travel costs, thereby moving travelers from private transportation to public transportation. However, according to the existing studies, the traveler will not transfer from one mode to another unless the change in travel utility is greater than the indifference threshold. Therefore, the “indifference threshold” is one of the most important factors influencing a traveler’s choice of behavior. This study defines the “indifference threshold” as the traveler’s sensitivity to changes in travel utilities. In the framework of the theory of planned behavior (TPB), a structural equation model (SEM) considering the indifference threshold is established to analyze a traveler’s mode choice behavior. The analysis results showed that a travelers’ sensitivity to changes in travel utilities has the greatest impact on mode-choice behavior intentions and mode choice behavior. Perceptual behavior control has the strongest influence on travel choice behavior. In addition, in order to further explore the heterogeneity of a traveler’s behavior, the travelers were subdivided into four types, by establishing a latent class model (LCM) considering the indifference threshold. Finally, different traffic management suggestions are proposed for different types of travelers.
Does Consumption of Organic Foods Contribute to Korean Consumers’ Subjective Well-Being?
Authors: Lee Hyun-Joo
Published: October 2019

The current study used the value-attitude-behavior hierarchical framework as a theoretical foundation to investigate how consumers’ personal values and attitudes influence organic food consumption intention and behavior and how organic food consumption contributes to their perceived subjective well-being. The responses from a total of 420 Korean consumers were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results of this study indicated that universalism was positively related to attitudes toward environmental and psychological consequences of organic food consumption, whereas benevolence was positively related to attitudes toward health-related consequences. Further, intentions to consume organic foods were positively influenced by attitudes toward health-related and psychological consequences from consuming organic foods, and a positive, significant relation between the intention and the behavior regarding organic food consumption was revealed. Lastly, it was found that organic food consumption significantly affected consumers’ physical, psychological, and social well-being perceptions. Research contributions were discussed, and managerial implications were offered in the conclusions.
Current Status, Emerging Challenges, and Future Prospects of Industrial Symbiosis in Portugal
Authors: Neves Angela , Godina Radu , G. Azevedo Susana , C. O. Matias João
Published: October 2019

Industrial symbiosis has proven to be an important tool for improving business sustainability with numerous environmental, economic, and social benefits. The literature on this subject has been provided with countless case studies of the application of this practice in different geographical locations. However, studies concerning Portugal in this area are still scarce. Thus, this article aims to map and analyze the existing cases of industrial symbiosis in Portugal, as well as the current state and the legislative context regarding this practice. It also aims to analyze the main barriers to the growth of synergy relations and outline new paths for the development of industrial symbiosis in Portugal. From the analysis to the case studies, it was possible to conclude that most industrial symbiosis networks have few actors, and networks with two and three are common. However, owing to strategic plans, the type of existing economic activities, and the waste generated, there is much potential for industrial symbiosis networks to be established and to contribute to emission reductions, more efficient use of resources, and reduced external dependence. However, in order to increase industrial symbiosis, concerted action must be taken at various levels to encourage companies to develop synergy relations. Changing the legislative framework, making funds available, the role of local governments, the existence of a facilitator, and the use of some industries as anchor tenants are some of the aspects that can contribute to the increase of industrial symbiosis in Portugal.
Sustainable Development Economic Strategy Model for Reducing Carbon Emission by Using Real Options Approach
Authors: Ko Chuan-Chuan , Liu Chien-Yu , Chen Zan-Yu , Zhou Jing
Published: October 2019

This paper is aimed at the call of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for the need to maintain global warming within a controllable range. The goal is to target carbon emissions to achieve “net-zero” emissions, along with constructing a green energy investment strategy model for firms in response to government’s environmental protection policies. The paper uses the real options approach of dynamic investment decision to construct an investment decision model. Considerations include government taxation of carbon emissions, subsidies to reduce carbon emission policies, and incentives for firms to renew their investments in green energy equipment. Assuming that there is uncertainty in government carbon emission taxes and a reduction of carbon emission subsidies, the changes follow the joint geometric Brownian movement. We used this model to solve the optimum of the threshold for carbon emission taxes and of carbon emission reduction subsidies ratio. If carbon emission taxes and carbon emission reduction subsidies ratio are higher than the threshold, a firm suspends investment in green energy equipment because government subsidies are insufficient. If carbon emission taxes and the carbon emission reduction-subsidy ratio are less than or equal to the threshold, then a firm is qualified for the government’s subsidies for reducing carbon emissions, and the firm invests in green energy equipment. The results of this study can provide reference for firms to invest in green energy equipment, and for government control of carbon emission policies. This policy can effectively reduce carbon emissions and achieve co-construction, co-governance, and the sharing of innovative social governance patterns. Finally, it can create a win–win situation between the government, firms, and society.
Education for Sustainable Development and Climate Change Education: The Potential of Social Network Analysis Based on Twitter Data
Authors: Goritz Alexandra , Kolleck Nina , Jörgens Helge
Published: October 2019

Education is considered an essential tool for achieving sustainability-related goals. In this regard, education for sustainable development (ESD) and climate change education (CCE) have become prominent concepts. The central characteristics of both concepts influence the non-hierarchical network governance structure that has formed around them: (1) their international origin, (2) the conceptual ambiguity that surrounds them, and (3) the limited implementing power of international organizations who developed these concepts. Hence, networks are essential to ESD and CCE, however, only few studies have used social network analysis (SNA) techniques to analyze their governance structure. The aim of this article is to illustrate how to use SNA, based on Twitter data, as an approach to examine the governance structure that has developed around ESD and CCE. We conduct an illustrative SNA, using Twitter data during three global climate change summits (2015-2017) to examine CCE-specific debates and identify actors exerting the most influence. We find that international organizations and international treaty secretariats are most influential across all years of the analysis and, moreover, are represented most often. These findings show that using SNA based on Twitter data offers promising possibilities to better understand the governance structure and processes around both concepts.
An Optimization Approach to the Low-Frequency Entire Train Formation at the Loading Area
Authors: Lin Boliang , Yang Fan , Zuo Shuting , Liu Chang , Zhao Yinan , Yang Mu
Published: October 2019

It is well known that the shift of transporting bulk cargo from roads to railways is an important measure to reduce carbon emissions of the overall transportation systems. In order to increase the attractiveness of railway transport, companies usually provide some discounts to the customers with great transport demand so that entire trains can be operated. Since the operation of entire trains can reduce the reclassification times of shipments, the expenses of railway operations can be reduced. However, when the volume of shipment is not sufficient, the door-to-door direct transportation (in the railway industry specifically, “door-to-door” means running trains from supplier’s warehouse to customer’s warehouse) of the entire train often leads to a decrease in the frequency of delivery, which increases the average stock of users, thus increasing the inventory cost of users. Therefore, how to balance the pros and cons of the two is exactly the problem to be studied. In this paper, the optimal operation plan is obtained by minimizing the total cost of the stockholding of suppliers and customers, as well as the transportation costs of an entire train and non-direct train. Based on the classic economic order quantity (EOQ) model, a 0-1 integer programming model with the constraint of the maximum stock level is proposed to solve this problem. And an innovative approach is used to calculate the actual average stock of the customer. Finally, the model is validated and its effectiveness is confirmed using a real-world case, which is carried out using data from the China rail system.
Modeling and Simulation of Pedestrian Movement Planning Around Corners
Authors: Dias Charitha , Abdullah Muhammad , Sarvi Majid , Lovreglio Ruggiero , Alhajyaseen Wael
Published: October 2019

Owing to the complexity of behavioral dynamics and mechanisms associated with turning maneuvers, capturing pedestrian movements around corners in a mathematical model is a challenging task. In this study, minimum jerk and one-thirds power law concepts, which have been initially applied in neurosciences and brain research domains, were utilized in combination to model pedestrian movement planning around bends. Simulation outputs explained that the proposed model could realistically represent the behavioral characteristics of pedestrians walking through bends. Comparison of modeled trajectories with empirical data demonstrated that the accuracy of the model could further be improved by using appropriate parameters in the one-thirds power law equation. Sensitivity analysis explained that, although the paths were not sensitive to the boundary conditions, speed and acceleration profiles could be remarkably varied depending on boundary conditions. Further, the applicability of the proposed model to estimate trajectories of pedestrians negotiating bends under different entry, intermediate, and exit conditions was also identified. The proposed model can be applied in microscopic simulation platforms, virtual reality, and driving simulator applications to provide realistic and accurate maneuvers around corners.
Understanding Urban Mobility Pattern with Cellular Phone Data: A Case Study of Residents and Travelers in Nanjing
Authors: Yang Fan , Yao Zhenxing , Ding Fan , Tan Huachun , Ran Bin
Published: October 2019

The rapid development of urban metropolises has attracted a growing number of immigrants and travelers, increasing the burden on transportation systems. Previous research on urban mobility patterns have ignored the temporal variations and heterogeneity in divergent urban trip makers due to the limited data resolution and coverage. In this paper, we analyzed cellular phone data of more than five million travelers for one month in Nanjing, China and proposed a method to extract trip origin and destination information from cellular phone signal data. We found that mobility patterns are different for urban residents, short-term travelers, and transfer travelers, and that trip length distributions can best be described by gamma and exponential distributions. In addition to the daily trip length distribution models, we utilized the agglomerative hieratical clustering method in order to group similar hourly trip patterns and further proposed within-day trip length distribution models under different times of the day and days of the week.
Obligation or Innovation: Can the EU Floods Directive Be Seen as a Tipping Point Towards More Resilient Flood Risk Management? A Case Study from Vorarlberg, Austria
Authors: Rauter Magdalena , Thaler Thomas , Attems Marie-Sophie , Fuchs Sven
Published: October 2019

Environmental change is subject to discussion among scientists, practitioners, and policymakers. As increasing threats to both environment and society are on the agenda, alternative management approaches are gaining importance. This paper focuses on the influence of policy changes on flood risk management. There is evidence that shifts in settlement patterns and population growth might influence the dynamics of flood damage and loss. There is increased pressure to intensify land use, but also to keep free spaces for hazard mitigation and adaptation. In this paper, we focus on new regulative and management approaches associated with the implementation of the European (EU) Floods Directive in Austria. The concept of tipping points, which are defined as turning points for system change, has been applied. Based on semi-structured interviews we evaluate whether or not the implementation of the EU Floods Directive has triggered a system change in flood risk management. Our results show that triggers for change are past flood events and a general need for action rather than the implementation of the directive itself. Changes related to the EU Floods Directive are likely to happen in the long-term; however, these cannot yet be determined. The main challenges are associated with transparency and communication between policymakers and the affected society. So far, the requirements of the first policy cycle of the directive have been fulfilled. The second policy cycle will show further outcomes and potential needs.
Approximate Multi-Degree Reduction of SG-Bézier Curves Using the Grey Wolf Optimizer Algorithm
Authors: Hu Gang , Qiao Yu , Qin Xinqiang , Wei Guo
Published: October 2019

SG-Bézier curves have become a useful tool for shape design and geometric representation in computer aided design (CAD), owed to their good geometric properties, e.g., symmetry and convex hull property. Aiming at the problem of approximate degree reduction of SG-Bézier curves, a method is proposed to reduce the n-th SG-Bézier curves to m-th (m < n) SG-Bézier curves. Starting from the idea of grey wolf optimizer (GWO) and combining the geometric properties of SG-Bézier curves, this method converts the problem of multi-degree reduction of SG-Bézier curves into solving an optimization problem. By choosing the fitness function, the approximate multi-degree reduction of SG-Bézier curves with adjustable shape parameters is realized under unrestricted and corner interpolation constraints. At the same time, some concrete examples of degree reduction and its errors are given. The results show that this method not only achieves good degree reduction effect, but is also easy to implement and has high accuracy.
First Integrals of Two-Dimensional Dynamical Systems via Complex Lagrangian Approach
Authors: Farooq Muhammad Umar , Khalique Chaudry Masood , Mahomed Fazal M.
Published: October 2019

The aim of the present work is to classify the Noether-like operators of two-dimensional physical systems whose dynamics is governed by a pair of Lane-Emden equations. Considering first-order Lagrangians for these systems, we construct corresponding first integrals. It is seen that for a number of forms of arbitrary functions appearing in the set of equations, the Noether-like operators also fulfill the classical Noether symmetry condition for the pairs of real Lagrangians and the generated first integrals are reminiscent of those we obtain from the complex Lagrangian approach. We also investigate the cases in which the underlying systems are reducible via quadrature. We derive some interesting results about the nonlinear systems under consideration and also find that the algebra of Noether-like operators is Abelian in a few cases.
Issues of Strategic Digital City
Authors: Ribeiro Sergio Silva
Published: October 2019

In the contemporary era of information, it is a critical challenge for city managers to meet the demands of their citizens at the same pace as the development of its information technology resources. Guarapuava is an example of a centennial town that has been predominantly agricultural and now seeks to adjust to the population density and the new information age. Much like Guarapuava, many cities in Brazil and around the world are in a similar condition. The new reality of many towns is challenging for municipal managers. Strategic digital city is the application of information technology resources in the management of the city. The objective of this paper is to analyse the decision-making processes, strategies, public services, information technologies, and relationships with strategic digital city issues in the city of Guarapuava, Parana, Brazil. Using a survey methodology based on the research variables, we showed that the municipality has informal characteristics of the concept of a strategic digital city. Based on the results, the evidence domain types in the city are predominant for internet and colleagues inside the organization on a daily base. Google scholar is the most consulted research source of evidence. Respondents well know the term methodology. Their attitudes towards scientific research show that it is essential for managers and that managers are aware of how to use that technology. Related to evidence-based management the respondents, in general, agreed that using by evidence-based practices, managers can improve the quality of their work, and that this should be part of their formal education. Citizens should be utilised more as a source of evidence as well, as they are the users of the institutions. The strategies are more focused on the government and its administration, however, these strategies could include areas like science and technology. The city offers electronic public services to improve citizens lives, and to be more transparent in sharing information through these alternative channels. The analysis revealed the effort of the town to include citizens in the digital era, and its attempt to connect with them. The research serves as a reference for other municipalities with an interest in analysing projects related to the decision-making process, strategies, information, public services, and use of its IT resources. The study is also a contribution to academic knowledge in relation to the study of public policies related to urban management. Finally, the study contributes to the field of research related to the study of strategic digital city, serving as a basis for future studies in this discipline.
Insights into the Acquisition of Virulence of Avian Influenza Viruses during a Single Passage in Ferrets
Authors: Butler Jeffrey , Middleton Deborah , Haining Jessica , Layton Rachel , Rockman Steven , Brown Lorena E. , Sapats Sandra
Published: October 2019

Circulating avian influenza viruses pose a significant threat, with human infections occurring infrequently but with potentially severe consequences. To examine the dynamics and locale of the adaptation process of avian influenza viruses when introduced to a mammalian host, we infected ferrets with H5N1 viruses. As expected, all ferrets infected with the human H5N1 isolate A/Vietnam/1203/2004 showed severe disease and virus replication outside the respiratory tract in multiple organs including the brain. In contrast infection of ferrets with the avian H5N1 virus A/Chicken/Laos/Xaythiani-26/2006 showed a different collective pattern of infection; many ferrets developed and cleared a mild respiratory infection but a subset (25–50%), showed extended replication in the upper respiratory tract and developed infection in distal sites. Virus from these severely infected ferrets was commonly found in tissues that included liver and small intestine. In most instances the virus had acquired the common virulence substitution PB2 E627K but, in one case, a previously unidentified combination of two amino acid substitutions at PB2 S489P and NP V408I, which enhanced polymerase activity, was found. We noted that virus with high pathogenicity adaptations could be dominant in an extra-respiratory site without being equally represented in the nasal wash. Further ferret passage of these mutated viruses resulted in high pathogenicity in all ferrets. These findings illustrate the remarkable ability of avian influenza viruses that avoid clearance in the respiratory tract, to mutate towards a high pathogenicity phenotype during just a single passage in ferrets and also indicate a window of less than 5 days in which treatment may curtail systemic infection.
Water Conserving Irrigation Practices, Plant Growth, Seasonal Crop Coefficients, and Nutrition of Container-Grown Woody Ornamentals
Authors: Fernandez R. Thomas , Pershey Nicholas A. , Andresen Jeffrey A. , Cregg Bert M.
Published: October 2019

Irrigation practices for container nursery crops often result in over-application and can lead to leaching of nutrients and reduced growth. Our objectives were to: (1) compare growth and foliar nutrient content for plants under daily water use (DWU) based irrigation treatments, (2) determine DWU of 14 woody ornamental taxa, and (3) classify taxa into irrigation functional groups based on crop coefficients (KC). Irrigation was applied daily to 8 taxa in 2009 and 2010 using a control of 19 mm and three irrigation treatments: (1) replacing 100% plant DWU (100DWU) each day, (2) alternating 100% DWU with 75% DWU in a 2-day cycle (100-75DWU), and (3) a 3-day cycle replacing 100% DWU the first day and 75% DWU on the second and third days (100-75-75DWU). In 2009, seasonal average DWU ranged between 8.8 and 17.3 mm depending on taxa and treatment. Most DWU-based treatments resulted in less water applied than the control, yet plant growth was not reduced, and for one taxon (Hydrangea paniculata ‘Limelight’) the 100DWU increased plant growth index. Lower foliar P and K concentrations were found for several taxa in control versus DWU treatments. In 2010, DWU for the season ranged between 2.1- and 22.0-mm d−1 depending on taxa and treatment. Growth was lower only for 100-75-75DWU Hydrangea paniculata ‘Limelight’ compared to other treatments and there were no differences in foliar nutrient content.
Étude chimique et structurale d'un sulfure naturel : la zinckénite
Authors: Lebas Geneviève , Le Bihan Marie-Thérèse
Published: October 2019

Although the structural crystallography of zinckenite has been studied by several authors, the quality of the available analysis of this mineral was not high enough to settle the question of cell content. Largely on the basis of the specific gravity determination, some authors suggested the composition PbSb₂S₃ ; but D. C. Harris (1965) analyzed the mineral by X-ray spectrography, using new methods developed for microsize samples ; results gave atomic ratios for Pb/Sb of 6/14, and Harris conclued : 12 [6PbS-7Sb₂S₃] was the most likely cell content for zinckenite.

The present work was carried out to determinate chemical composition from the results of structural analysis.

The crystal structure has been studied carefully by classical methods. Further adjustments were obtained by least-square method to a final discrepancy index of R = 0.09.

The interpretation of these results (structure in domains, with unidimensional fibers of A₃ symmetry and parameter c' = 8.64 Å) explicates the zinckenite may exist either as a three dimensional ordered phase, or as a disordered phase with stacking faults parallel to [001]. So, this study gives an explanation of polysynthetic twinning, and permits to conclued for zinckenite to the formula : Pb₁₊ₓSb₄₋ₓS₇ with 0.50 ≤ x ≤ < 0.67.
Étude structurale de CaPb (OH)6 et CdPb (OH)6
Authors: Lévy-Clément Claude , Billiet Yves
Published: October 2019

Les hexahydroxyplombates de métaux divalents CaPb (OH)₆ et CdPb (OH)₆ appartiennent à la famille des hydroxy des AB (OH)₆ dont les structures dérivent de celle de ReO₃ ; CaPb (OH)₆ et CdPb (OH)₆ ont une structure cubique simple de groupe spatial T[h]²-Pn₃. L'affinement cristallographique a été réalisé par la méthode des moindres carrés à partir des intensités de rayons X de diffraction de poudre. Les résultats de l'étude structurale sont :

CaPb (OH)₆ : Pn₃, a = 8,252 Å, origine en [-3],

Ca : 4 b, Pb : 4 c, O : 24 h (x ~ 0,083, y ~ — 0,078, z ~ 0,263).

CdPb (OH)₆ : Pn₃, a = 8,150 Å, origine en [-3],

Cd : 4 b, Pb : 4 c, O : 24 h (x ~ 0,102, y ~ — 0,053, z ~ 0,262).

Les positions des atomes d'hydrogène n'ont pas pu être déterminées.

L'étude des spectres d'absorption infrarouge de CaPb (OH)₆ et CdPb (OH)₆ a permis de confirmer l'existence de groupements hydroxyles OH, de liaisons hydrogènes et d'eau moléculaire supplémentaire « encagée » dans la structure. Dans le domaine de l'infrarouge lointain, l'utilisation de la « méthode de corrélation » montre que les cristaux contiennent des entités moléculaires Pb (OH)₆⁻⁻.
Affinement de la structure cristalline de l'ortho-sélénophosphate de cuivre I : Cu3PSe4
Authors: Toffoli Patrick , Rodier Noël , Khodadad Parviz
Published: October 2019

Cu₃PSe₄ cristallise dans le système orthorhombique, groupe spatial Pmn2₁. a = 7, 690 (4) Å ; b = 6,688 (4) Å ; c = 6,374 (4) Å. Z = 2. L'affinement de la structure a été réalisé à partir de 501 réflexions indépendantes mesurées à l'aide d'un diffractomètre automatique. Les résultats obtenus confirment, en les précisant, ceux de Garin et Parthé. R = 0,039.
Premières données sur la présence de nickéline, d'érythrite et de sphalérite dans le gisement de bauxite de Blanquette W (Le Thoronet, Var)
Authors: Dietrich Jacques E. , Duvochel Paul , Turco Guy , Haute Henri , Hose H. Roy
Published: October 2019

Some samples from the bauxite mine of Blanquette W, collected at about two meters above the karstified limestone ore wall, have shown erythrite crystals mixed with different sulphide minerals. Among them, niccolite and sphalerite have already been determined. As far as we know, it is the first time that such a paragenesis is found in bauxite ores.
Valuation of the National Agricultural Environmental Management Project’s Extensive Grassland Farming Target Project in Two Counties
Authors: Forgó István
Published: October 2019

The National Agricultural Environmental Management Project’s (NAEMP) extensive grassland farming project is aimed at extensive cultivation on of nearly 1.1 million hectares of grassland, and at improving the state of grasslands with nature- and environment protecting methods. By using the 2002 data (the NAEMP’s first year’s data), I came to the following conclusions: Within the Extensive grassland farming project, a state subsidy was applied for on 8.94% of Hungary’s total grasslands. In Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg and Hajdú-Bihar counties, applied for state subsidies covered 12% of the grassland of the counties.10.45% of the projects arrived from the county of Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg, and 28.56% from the county of Hajdú-Bihar. In Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg, the support was 37.7% of the total subsidy, while in Hajdú-Bihar, it was 37.1%, unlike nationwide, which was 30.1%.The intensity of the applications is respectively 1.7 and 2.5 times more than the National (1.24) value.In my view, in some fields, which are not between nature protected areas you’d better consider permitting intensive cultivation, simultaneously with grazing, with the observation of nature- and environmental regulations.
Element Content of Herbaceous Plants in the Floodplain Meadows
Authors: Alapi Krisztina , Győri Zoltán
Published: October 2019

Animals require well-balanced nutrition. The elemental content of the vegetation of meadows is influenced by as many factors such as heat, rainfall, irrigation, soil type and nutrients, meadow types, species, aspects of the vegetation period and cultivation.Natural meadows used extensively are common sights on river floodplains. Since chemicals are banned and the species number is high, measuring the elemental composition of plants on these meadows is beneficial. Cenological survey and element content measurements were held on the rich flora of four natural meadows in the year 2001.Weeds, in a wider sense, are plants not directly involved in growing, although their nutritional values make them important costituents of feed. Meadows are enriched by their relatively high microelement content.On the sampling sites, the ratio deviated from the ideal 2/3 parts monocotyledon and 1/3 part dicotyledon, but this did not mean a Mn deficiency as it would have been assumed.
Test Results of Winter Wheat Varieties in 2002/2003 in the Hajdusag
Authors: Ágoston Tamás , Pepó Péter
Published: October 2019

We examined 35 early, 32 mid-season and 12 mid-late winter wheat varieties on calciferous chernozem soil after sunflower green crop in 2003. We set-up the experiment on small-size parcels, with 4 repetitions. In addition to the favourable agrotechnical conditions, with this year’s extreme ecological conditions the varieties resulted in weaker yields (2500-3200 kg/ha). Our findings have proven that there is a significant difference both between the maturity groups and between the yield potential of varieties with different genotypes, inside each group. Early varieties showed lower yield potentials according to the other two groups. The differences between the various variety’s yields was the smallest in the mid late group (893 kg/ha). Under given ecological and agrotechnical conditions, the following varieties showed the relatively best yields and best adaptability:• early maturing varieties (3200-3700 kg/ha): Mv palotás, KG Magor, Mv Mambo, Mv Emese, GK Margit, GK Tündér, GK Csongrád, GK Attila, Mv Amanda, Ukrainka;• mid season varieties (3300-3800 kg/ha): Győző, GK Marcal, Róna, GK Rába, Buzogány, MF Kazal, GK Mura, Hunor, GK Cipó, Mv Magvas, Mv Vilma, GK Zugoly, Jubilejnaja 50;• mid-late varieties (3200-3600 kg/ha): Maximus, Complet, KG Kunhalom, GK Holló.
The Effect of Zanthium Extracts on Germination in Relation to Interior and Exterior Factors
Authors: Dávid István
Published: October 2019

In Hungary, the cocklebur species significantly endanger row crops (i.e. corn, sunflower, sugar beet). Their fast spreading is caused by many reasons: long-lasting emergence, reduced sensitivity to many kinds of herbicides, vigorous competitional ability, allelopathy, fast initial growth and changes in climate. The means of allelopathy is used by many species of plants in the competition with one another, as well as by the cockleburs. But the efficiency of this is influenced by many factors. Species with allelopathical effect could show different behaviour under different conditions: they can produce compounds with retarding and stimulating effects in different quantities or compositions. The actual condition of the acceptor plant and the mediator agent (i.e. soil) influence the final effect.In this experiment influence of phenology and rainfall was studied on allelopathy of cockleburs in May, July and September. A stronger inhibition was observed on growth of cress before rain in July than in May, but this retarding effect disappeared after rainfall. However, the samples collected in September have significant inhibitory effect after rain. Inhibition of sugarbeet’s germination was stronger in May than in July, and the difference increased after rain.
The Role and Importance of Variety in Intensive Cherry Production
Authors: Király Katalin , Gonda István
Published: October 2019

Increasing the intensity of plantations is a basic precondition for the renewal of fruit growing in Hungary.The intensification of production of stone-fruit species is difficult for several reasons. In particular, knowledge of dwarfing rootstock is very limited. In this study, we tried to achieve smaller-sized, intensive crown formation by co-ordinating the date and degree of pruning.In intensive cherry production, the most important variety-dependent characters determining the formation of the required productive surface are vigour of growth, branching potential and quantity and quality of the buds.In this paper we have demonstrated that significant differences exist between varieties in these characters.
Changes in the Sulphur Content of Winter Wheat in a Field Experiment
Authors: Mars Éva
Published: October 2019

The use of superphosphate as P-containing fertiliser decreased in the last years in many countries in accordance with strict air pollution laws, and the S-deposition decreased from the atmosphere to the soil as well.Winter wheat is the one of the S-demanding plants. Recently, the gradually increasing S absence endanger the formation of required average yield of winter wheat, and has bad effect on its quality.We examined the effect of treatments on the sulphur-, nitrogen content and the N/S ratio of winter wheat in the whole upperground plant and in the grain and straw at harvest in a arable land sulphur fertilization experiment on brown forest soil (Agricultural Company of Felsőzsolca).We analysed the samples from spring to harvesting, in the critical phenophases. In this study we discuss only the values from the stooling and stalking and the results of analysis of grain and straw in the harvest.We experienced that the concentration of sulphur in the whole upperground parts of winter wheat showed increase to the end of vegetation independently of fertilization. The N/S ratio was between 8% and 12% in the beginning of the growth period in the whole upperground plant, while the ratio in the grain at harvest was between 13 and 14%. When we examined the whole upperground plant, stalk and leaf at stalking, we got the highest sulphur content in the leaf. Mostly the middle level sulphur fertilization dose (4 l/ha) increased the sulphur accumulation in the green plant. At total maturing, the greatest part of accumulated sulphur is in the grain, but then the effect of fertilization is less glaring.
Regulation in Hungary of the Use of Waste Water and Sewage Sludge in Agriculture
Authors: Horváth Imre
Published: October 2019

Regulating the use of waste water and sewage sludge in agriculture in such a way as to prevent harmful effects on soil, vegetation, animals and man.In European Union there is a Council Directive (86/278/EEC) on the protection of the environment, and in particular of the soil, when sewage sludge is used in agriculture.In the enlargement process of the European Union the Hungarian Government created a new rule (50/2001. (IV. 3.) Government regulation) which regulate using of waste water and sewage sludge in agriculture. This Hungarian rule is legal and reconcilable with the Council Directive.The Regulation lays down limit values for concentrations of heavy metals in the soil, in waste water, in sludge and for the maximum annual quantities of heavy metals which may be introduced into the soil.Waste water, sludge and soil on which it is used must be sampled and analysed.Sewage sludge must be treated for six months before being used in agriculture.The use of waste water and sludge prohibited on grassland, on nature reserved areas, in ecological farming, and soil in witch fruit and vegetable crops are growing, with the exception of fruit trees.The states soil conservation authority must keep records registering the following:– the quantities of waste water and sludge produced;– the composition and properties of sludge;– the type of treatment carried out;– the names and addresses of the recipients of the sludge and places where the sludge is to be used.The Government every four years must prepare a consolidated report on the use of sludge in agriculture, specifying quantities used, criteria followed and any difficulties encountered. This report must be forwarded to the Commission.Last but not least in the light of Member States reports, the Commission will if necessary submit appropriate proposals for increased protection of the soil and the environment.
Environmental Management Research on the Berettyó River
Authors: Pregun Csaba , Burai Péter
Published: October 2019

Our department is involved in ongoing research into the hydrological and ecological interplay of the Berettyó River.In the first part of our study we classified the Hungarian section of the river from ecological and hydrological standpoints. We determined three typical parts of the river: a sandy and gravely bottom, a middle part with a sandy and muddy bottom, and a lower part, with muddy bottom. In theese sampling areas we measured and established the more important static and dynamic hydrological, physical and chemical characteristics.For the planned research we did a primary estimation of the environmental condition of theese sampling areas, on the basis of applicable biological and ecological indication methods.
Possibilities of Corn Seed Commercialization on the Hungarian Market in 2003
Authors: Sedlák Gergő
Published: October 2019

According to the sales results of the past two years we can draw the conclusion that although the Hungarian hybrids have very good capabilities, they are still in a big disadvantage in the corn seed sales sector, considering other foreign varieties. These above mentioned disadvantages, as published in prior essays, are not because of the variety’s low quality, but the lack or little presence of marketing. In order to gain position and market on the seed sales sector in Hungary, a lot more has to be done in the area of advertisement.Seed advertising is very particular and different from all other types of goods. To make growers familiar with your product, you have to be in continuous contact with them, through field days, exhibitions and presentations, besides the well known and in other areas also used quotidian advertisement methods.Although Hungarian breeders reach better and better results each year, they still cannot catch up with the multinational companies spending millions of dollars on development and advertising, thanks to their financial position.Finally we can state that choosing the appropriate variety for our needs and possibilities of land and machinery is of great importance in order to reach the best results we can.
Ата мекендик сүрөтчүлөрдүн чыгармаларынын билим берүүдөгү тарбиялык мааниси
Authors: Жамангулова К.Ү.
Published: October 2019

Аннотация: Бул макалада сүрөт өнөрүнүн тарыхы,өсүп-өнүгүү этаптары сүрөтчүлөрдүн кайрылган темалары жана ата мекендик сүрөтчүлөрдүн чыгармаларынын билим берүүдөгү тарбиялык мааниси каралды. Көркөм сүрөт өнөрүнүн түрлөрү, жанрлары жана ата мекендик сүрөтчүлөрдүн жараткан чыгармаларын талдоо окуй билүү, чечмелеп маанисин ачып берүү болду. Сүрөт чыгармалары
аркылуу колледждин орто окуу жайлардын студенттерине арналган билимдер жана ой пикирлер камтылды. Ата мекендик сүрөтчүлөрдүн чыгармаларынын билим берүүдөгү тарбиялык мааниси жана искусство, сүрөтчү, графика өнөрү, сүрөтчүлөр алардын иштеринин мааниси, мазмуну, ошол учурдагы актуалдуулугу тууралуу кыскача мүнөздөмөлөр берилди. Ата мекендик сүрөтчүлөрдүн чыгармаларындагы алар кайрылган негизги темалар, ачып берген образдар чечмеленди.
Түйүндүү сөздөр: сүрөтчү, чыгармалар,чыгармачылык, сүрөт өнөрүнүн түрлөрү, искусство, графика.

Аннотация: В статье отражены история, развитие изобразительного искусства и темы произведений отечественных художников, а также роль произведений отечественных художников в образовательном воспитании. Виды и жанры изобразительного искусства, описано и раскрыто содержание произведений отечественных художников для того,чтобы учили и знали студенты. Для студентов колледжей средних специальных учреждений вошли понятия и высказывания о произведениях художников. Краткое описание о содержании произведений отечественных художников, актуальность тем, образов в произведениях, о роли искусства, художника, графического искусства в учебно-методическом процессе. Основные темы и раскрытие образов произведений отечественных художников.
Ключевые слова: художник,произведение, творчество, виды изобразительного искусства, графика.

Annotation:The article dkalswath the historu of fine arts, growth stages, themes of
the painters who applied and educational value of the works of national painters in education. There were kinds of finearts, genres,analusis works and disclosure of value of nation painters. It is included Knowledge and opinions for students of secondaruEolleges through works of faine arts.Educational Value of the works of national painters in education and it is given short characteristics about activitu at that moment, the meaning of painters works, art, painter, graphic art. The main themes who applied works, opened image decided.
Key words: painters, works,creativitu, tuзes of arts.