bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Properties and Synthetic Applications of Enzymes in Organic Solvents
Authors: Carrea Giacomo , Riva Sergio
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Algorithms and Software for the Computation of Topological Indices and Structure—Property Models
Authors: Ivanciuc O. , Devillers J.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The ϰ Indices for Modeling Molecular Shape and Flexibility
Authors: Kier L. B. , Hall L. H.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Strategies in the Search of Topological Indices
Authors: Estrada E.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Overall Connectivity and Topological Complexity: A New Tool for QSPR/QSAR
Authors: Bonchev D.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Detour Matrix and the Detour Index
Authors: Nikolic S. , Trinajstic N. , Mihalic Z.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electron Microscopy of Fullerenes and Related Materials
Authors: Van Tendeloo G. , Amelinckx S.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Triphase Catalysis in Epoxidation of α,β‐Enones with Polymer‐Bound Quaternary Ammonium Salt.
Authors: Anand R. Vijaya , Singh Vinod K.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Intermediates for Fluorinated Lignans by Conjugated and Tandem Additions on 3‐Fluorofuran‐2(5H)‐one.
Authors: Kvicala Jaroslav , Vlasakova Ruzena , Plocar Jakub , Paleta Oldrich , Pelter Andrew
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Rearrangement of Allyl Aryl Ethers. Part 4. Reaction of Trimethylhydroquinone with Cycloalkanediols.
Authors: Novak Lajos , Kovacs Peter , Kolonits Pal , Orovecz Oliver , Fekete Jeno , Szantay Csaba
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5‐Amino‐3‐(2‐pyrrolyl)pyrazoles
Authors: Sobenina L. N. , Mikhaleva A. I. , Petrova O. V. , Toryashinova D.‐S. D. , Larina L. I. , Il'icheva L. N. , Trofimov B. A.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Stereochemistry of Some 1,3‐Oxazolidine Systems Based on TRIS (α,α,α‐Trimethylolaminomethane) and Related Aminopolyols Skeleton. Part 2. 1‐Aza‐3,7‐dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octanes.
Authors: Darabantu Mircea , Ple Gerard , Maiereanu Carmen , Silaghi‐Dumitrescu Ion , Ramondenc Yvan , Mager Sorin
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Synthesis of (S)‐α‐(fluorodiphenylmethyl)alkylamines by HF‐Pyridine Treatment of 4‐Alkyl‐5,5‐diphenyl‐oxazolidinones.
Authors: O'Hagan David , Royer Frederique , Tavasli Mustafa
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of New Derivatives of Flavone‐8‐acetic Acid (FAA). Part 4. Variation of the Basic Structure.
Authors: Aitken R. Alan , Bibby Michael C. , Cooper Patricia A. , Double John A. , Laws Andrea L. , Ritchie Robert B. , Wilson David W. J.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: N1‐Substituted Hypoxanthine Derivatives from the Reaction of 6‐Halopurines with Michael Acceptors under the Conditions of Heck Reaction.
Authors: Havelkova Martina , Studenovsky Martin , Dvorak Dalimil
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of a Functionalized 3‐Methylenetetrahydropyran Building Block for Possible Conversion to Neoliacinic Acid.
Authors: Paget Steven D. , Paquette Leo A.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel 1,10‐Phenanthroline‐2,9‐bis‐α‐amino Acid Conjugates.
Authors: Wang Zhong‐Ming , Lin Hua‐Kuan , Zhou Zhi‐Fen , Zhu Shou‐Rong , Liu Tian‐Fu , Chen Yun‐Ti
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of Sialyl Lewis A Glycopeptides — A Partial Sequence of the P‐Selectin Ligand PSGL‐1.
Authors: Peilstoecker Karen , Kunz Horst
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal Complexes in Organic Synthesis. Part 62. Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Demethoxycarbonyldihydrogambirtannine and Norketoyobyrine by an Iron‐Mediated [2 + 2 + 1] Cycloaddition.
Authors: Knoelker Hans‐Joachim , Caemmerer Simon
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (+)‐Piclavines A1 and A2.
Authors: McAlonan Helena , Potts Deirdre , Stevenson Paul J. , Thompson Norris
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Study of Hepoxilins. Part 9. Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Trioxilin (10S,11S,12S)‐B3.
Authors: Lapitskaya M. A. , Vasiljeva L. L. , Kochev D. M. , Pivnitsky K. K.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Antimalarial Stilbene from Artocarpus integer.
Authors: Boonlaksiri Choosak , Oonanant Worrapoj , Kongsaeree Palangpon , Kittakoop Prasat , Tanticharoen Morakot , Thebtaranonth Yodhathai
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Ultrathin Films and Multilayers: Growth and Characterization
Authors: Deville J.‐P. , Barbier A. , Mocuta C. , Renaud G. , Samson Y. , Magnan H. , Le Fevre P. , Chandesris D. , Panissod P. , Meny C.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Phototransformation of Some Pesticides
Authors: Kole R. K. , Banerjee H. , Bhattacharyya Anjan , Chowdhury A. , Adityachaudhury N.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Acetylenic Derivatives from Some Compositae Plants
Authors: Krishna Vivek , Gupta G. S. , Singh Pahup
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Mono‐ and Dialkylation of the Amino Group
Authors: Barrett Graham C.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of Sodium Manganese Oxo‐Phosphate Na2Mn2O (PO4)2×H2O.
Authors: Tong Wei , Xia Guan‐Guang , Tian Zheng‐Rong , Liu Jia , Cai Jun , Suib Steven L. , Hanson Jonathan C.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Loop Diuretic Therapy in Heart Failure: The Need for Solid Evidence on a Fluid Issue
Authors: Chiong Jun R. , Cheung Rebecca J.
Published: June 2010

Background

Heart failure (HF) is a common condition associated with substantial cost, morbidity, and mortality. Because results of clinical trials in the acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) setting have been mostly neutral, loop diuretics remain the mainstay of treatment.

Hypothesis

Loop diuretic use may be associated with unfavorable outcomes.

Methods

A MEDLINE literature search was performed to identify articles relating to heart failure and loop diuretics. The current evidence on the risks and benefits of loop diuretics for the treatment of ADHF is reviewed.

Results

Loop diuretics are associated with symptomatic improvements in congestion, urine output, and body weight, but have shown no long‐term mortality benefit. Loop diuretics, especially at high doses, are associated with worsened renal function and other poor outcomes.

Conclusions

Loop diuretics still prove useful in HF treatment, but risk‐benefit analysis of these agents in the treatment of ADHF requires a well‐designed prospective study. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Distributed diagnosis over wireless sensors networks
Authors: Dessart Nathalie , Fouchal Hacène , Hunel Philippe
Published: June 2010

This paper studies how to detect anomalies in a distributed manner by using wireless sensor networks (WSNs). We focus on a medical context, where the existing works generally provide large environments to monitor patients using sensors as simple transducers. Those devices forward sensed health parameters to a main base station. This station collects received data and may perform some computations. In this paper, we perform some distributed tasks on the sensors. We propose a distributed algorithm, which allows to raise alarms under some initial rules to alert efficiently medical staff in case of critical situations without needless warnings. Each mote monitors a parameter. When this parameter reaches an abnormal value, the mote communicates with other motes in order to check if it is a ‘local’ anomaly or if the patient is in an abnormal situation. In such cases an alarm is raised. We implemented our algorithm over a network of micaZ sensors running under TinyOS. The obtained results show promising perspectives. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Change rate control of photovoltaic generation output and calculation of necessary capacitance
Authors: Satoh Hiroyuki , Takayama Satoshi , Nakamura Koichi , Kakimoto Naoto
Published: June 2010

The photovoltaic (PV) generator changes its power output with the weather. If the photovoltaic generator output changes fast, the power system may require more load‐following capability and spinning reserve. This paper proposes a method of controlling the change rate of the photovoltaic generator output. The photovoltaic generator is combined with an electric double layer capacitor (EDLC). A moving average is used to eliminate short period fluctuations in the photovoltaic generator output. The output of the power conversion system (PCS) is determined by the moving average. The output changes within a limited rate. The capacitor voltage is maintained at a constant value to make the capacitor as small as possible. The necessary capacitance is theoretically derived. The effectiveness of this method is verified by experiments. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 172(4): 10–18, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20946
Self‐localization for mobile robots using RFID tags without layout information
Authors: Senta Yosuke , Kimuro Yoshihiko , Takarabe Shuhei , Hasegawa Tsutomu
Published: June 2010

This paper proposes a method for mobile robot self‐localization by the use of a passive RFID system and Support Vector Machines (SVMs). The use of the SVM eliminates the need for laborious measurement of the geometric position of each RFID tag. Furthermore, the method works even when several malfunctioning tags are included. The ability of the method is confirmed in tests, and we conclude that the method performs well. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 172(4): 19–30, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20967
AC voltage and current sensorless control method for three‐phase PWM converter
Authors: Li Dongsheng , Notohara Yasuo , Iwaji Yoshitaka , Kurita Yoshiaki
Published: June 2010

We present a three‐phase PWM converter without AC voltage and AC current sensors. The phase angle used in the control system is adjusted by using a PLL controller without sensing AC voltage. To prevent overcurrent at startup, the initial phase angle of the source voltage is estimated from the shunt current using a novel strategy. Furthermore, the phase currents can be reconstructed from the shunt current without any modification of the PWM pattern. To reduce the effect of current ripple, the shunt current is sampled twice for every phase in one PWM period and the sample timings are carefully adjusted. All of the proposed control schemes can be implanted using a single chip microprocessor (SH7046, Renesas Tech.). Simulation and experimental results with a 5‐kW prototype confirmed that the schemes worked well. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 172(4): 48–57, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20983
Moving object detection using strip frame images
Authors: Hoguro Masahiro , Inoue Yuki , Umezaki Taizo , Setta Takefumi
Published: June 2010

In existing methods of moving object detection using image recognition technology, an obtained whole image is processed and a moving object is detected in the picture. However, when the moving portion of the scene is hidden by obstacles, recognition of a moving object is sometimes difficult. In this study, we propose a novel method of discriminating moving objects, such as a person or a vehicle. We use only a narrow and tall area of the video, called the Strip Frame Image, for detecting moving portions. By using this method, we are able to obtain patterns of moving objects while avoiding obstacles in a picture. We then classify them by DP matching against previously stored reference patterns in a database for all possible classes (person, bicycle, car, bus). In this paper, we compare several variations of an algorithm used to detect and classify objects passing laterally in front of a security camera. We test both a moving object speed‐independent method and a speed‐based method for constructing patterns for the passing objects. The results show that the relatively simple method of pattern classification by DP matching can be successfully used for classifying graphic objects of a certain degree of complexity. Finally, nonhomogeneity of people's patterns and their subsequent frequent misclassification is addressed not by producing reference patterns for people, but by differentiating them from correctly classified bicycles by the DP distance to the first candidate. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 172(4): 38–47, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21095
The Biliary HCO3 − Umbrella: A Unifying Hypothesis on Pathogenetic and Therapeutic Aspects of Fibrosing Cholangiopathies
Authors: Beuers Ulrich , Hohenester Simon , de Buy Wenniger Lucas J. Maillette , Kremer Andreas E. , Jansen Peter L. M. , Elferink Ronald P. J. Oude
Published: June 2010

This review focuses on the hypothesis that biliary HCO
Symbol
secretion in humans serves to maintain an alkaline pH near the apical surface of hepatocytes and cholangiocytes to prevent the uncontrolled membrane permeation of protonated glycine-conjugated bile acids. Functional impairment of this biliary HCO
Symbol
umbrella or its regulation may lead to enhanced vulnerability of cholangiocytes and periportal hepatocytes toward the attack of apolar hydrophobic bile acids. An intact interplay of hepatocellular and cholangiocellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) secretion, ATP/P2Y- and bile salt/TGR5-mediated Cl−/ HCO
Symbol
exchange and HCO
Symbol
secretion, and alkaline phosphatase–mediated ATP breakdown may guarantee a stable biliary HCO
Symbol
umbrella under physiological conditions. Genetic and acquired functional defects leading to destabilization of the biliary HCO
Symbol
umbrella may contribute to development and progression of various forms of fibrosing/sclerosing cholangitis. (Hepatology 2010)
Synthesis of Novel Bis(β‐cyclodextrin)s Linked with Glycol and Their Inclusion Complexation with Organic Dyes
Authors: Zhao Yong , Yang Yong Cun , Shi Hao , Zhu Hong You , Huang Rong , Chi Chao Ming , Zhao Yan
Published: June 2010

Three novel bis(β‐cyclodextrin (CD))s with flexible glycol linkers, i.e., ethylene glycol‐bridged bis(6‐hydroxy‐6‐deoxy‐β‐CD) (2), diethylene glycol‐bridged bis(6‐hydroxy‐6‐deoxy‐β‐CD) (3), and triethylene glycol‐bridged bis(6‐hydroxy‐6‐deoxy‐β‐CD) (4) have been synthesized by the reaction of mono[6‐O‐(p‐toluenesulfonyl)]‐β‐CD with corresponding materials. The inclusion complexation behaviors of these compounds 2–4 with organic dyes; that is, acridine red (=N‐[(3Z)‐6‐(methylamino)‐3H‐xanthen‐3‐ylidene]methanaminium chloride; AR), neutral red (=N8,N8,3‐trimethylphenazine‐2,8‐diamine hydrochloride; NR), ammonium 8‐anilinonaphthalene‐1‐sulfonate (ANS), sodium 6‐(p‐toluidinyl)‐naphthalene‐2‐sulfonate (TNS), rhodamine B (RhB) and brilliant green (=N‐(4‐{[4‐(diethylamino)cyclohexa‐2,5‐dien‐1‐yl](phenyl)methyl}cyclohex‐2‐en‐1‐ylidene)‐N‐ethyl‐ethanaminium hydrogen sulfate; BG), have been investigated at 25° in phosphate buffer (pH 7.20) by ultraviolet, fluorescence, and 2D‐NMR spectroscopy. The results indicate that the two linked CD units may cooperatively bind a guest, and the molecular binding ability toward dye guests, especially bent ANS, T‐shaped RhB, and triangular BG, can be extended. This cooperative binding mode is confirmed by Job's experiments and 2D‐NMR investigations. Furthermore, the complex stability depends greatly on the linker length of these glycol‐bridged bis(β‐CD)s and the size and shape of guest. The higher binding ability and selectivity of dye molecules by bis(β‐CD)s 2–4 are discussed from the viewpoint of size/shape‐fit concept and multiple recognition mechanism.
Three New Diterpenoids from Euphorbia sororia L.
Authors: Huang Yun , Aisa Haji Akber
Published: June 2010

Three new diterpenoids with jatrophane‐type skeleton, sororianolides A–C (1–3, resp.), were isolated from Euphorbia sororia. The identification and structure elucidation of these compounds were based on 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR‐spectral data analysis. It was the first time to isolate diterpenoids in this species.
A generalized higher order kernel energy approximation method
Authors: Weiss Stewart N. , Huang Lulu , Massa Lou
Published: June 2010

We present a general mathematical model that can be used to improve almost all fragment‐based methods for ab initio calculation of total molecular energy. Fragment‐based methods of computing total molecular energy mathematically decompose a molecule into smaller fragments, quantum‐mechanically compute the energies of single and multiple fragments, and then combine the computed fragment energies in some particular way to compute the total molecular energy. Because the kernel energy method (KEM) is a fragment‐based method that has been used with much success on many biological molecules, our model is presented in the context of the KEM in particular. In this generalized model, the total energy is not based on sums of all possible double‐, triple‐, and quadruple‐kernel interactions, but on the interactions of precisely those combinations of kernels that are connected in the mathematical graph that represents the fragmented molecule. This makes it possible to estimate total molecular energy with high accuracy and no superfluous computation and greatly extends the utility of the KEM and other fragment‐based methods. We demonstrate the practicality and effectiveness of our model by presenting how it has been used on the yeast initiator tRNA molecule, ytRN (1YFG in the Protein Data Bank), with kernel computations using the Hartree‐Fock equations with a limited basis of Gaussian STO‐3G type. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010
In vivo expansion of MDR1‐transduced cells accompanied by a post‐transplantation chemotherapy regimen with mitomycin C and methotrexate
Authors: Mitsuhashi Junko , Hosoyama Hiroyo , Tsukahara Satomi , Katayama Kazuhiro , Noguchi Kohji , Ito Yoshinori , Hatake Kiyohiko , Aiba Keisuke , Takahashi Shunji , Sugimoto Yoshikazu
Published: June 2010

Background

A recurrent breast cancer patient received high‐dose chemotherapy, a transplant of multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1)‐transduced cells and four different protocols of post‐transplantation chemotherapy. We report the analysis of MDR1‐transduced cells in this patient.

Methods

MDR1 transgene levels in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the patient were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Retroviral integration sites of the MDR1‐transduced cells were identified by linear amplification‐mediated (LAM)‐PCR.

Results

Twelve days after transplantation, approximately 1% of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells were MDR1 transgene‐positive. The transgene levels decreased quickly, and were at low levels until day 504. A remarkable increase in MDR1 transgene‐positive cells was observed on day 532, during combination chemotherapy with mitomycin C and methotrexate. Using LAM‐PCR, 31 MDR1‐transduced clones were identified, and eight of these were long‐life clones that survived for more than 500 days. Among the 31 clones, ten had a retroviral integration site near genes listed in the Retroviral Tagged Cancer Gene (RTCG) Database. Two long‐life clones, N‐30 and N‐31, had retroviral integration sites within the MDS1‐EVI1 locus. Another two long‐life clones had integration sites close to PRDM16 or CUEDC1.

Conclusions

These results suggest that MDR1‐transduced cells were enriched in vivo by an MDR1 substrate, mitomycin C. The possible activation of EVI1 or other RTCGs by retroviral insertion may have affected the survival and persistence of a proportion of the transduced cells. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel Non‐Conjugated Main‐Chain Hole‐Transporting Polymers for Organic Electronics Application
Authors: Schelter Jürgen , Mielke Georg Felix , Köhnen Anne , Wies Jenna , Köber Sebastian , Nuyken Oskar , Meerholz Klaus
Published: June 2010

A new class of hole‐transporting polymers for use in organic electronic devices such as organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) or photorefractive holographic storage devices has been synthesized. The polymers contain tetraarylbenzidines or tetraarylphenylenediamines as charge‐transporting units in the polymer backbone and are connected by non‐conjugating fluorene bridges. For use in OLEDs the novel polymers were functionalized with oxetane groups that can be cross‐linked via a cationic ring opening polymerization to yield insoluble networks. Such insoluble films are necessary for the fabrication of multilayer devices by wet deposition techniques. The novel materials feature improved film‐formation properties as demonstrated in green‐emitting double‐layer OLEDs.

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Reaction of selenium and tellurium halides with propargyl alcohols. The regio‐ and stereoselectivity of addition to the triple bond
Authors: Braverman Samuel , Cherkinsky Marina , Jana Ranjan , Kalendar Yuliya , Sprecher Milon
Published: June 2010

A convenient method to incorporate selenium into an organic molecule is reported. Various aspects of the reaction of SeCl2with propargyl alcohols, i.e., identity of reacting functionality, regiospecificity, and stereospecificity, differ from expectations based on known reactions of these alcohols with SCl2. Selenium dihalides undergo smooth 1,2‐addition to the triple bond of various propargylic alcohols resulting in the formation of the corresponding functionalized divinyl selenides in high yields and with complete regio‐ and stereospecificity. Of special mechanistic interest is thesyn‐addition and anti‐Markovnikov orientation observed in all cases. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Smelting Reduction of Iron Ore‐Coal Composite Pellets
Authors: Sah R. , Dutta S. K.
Published: June 2010

Smelting reduction of iron ore‐coal composite pellets has been carried out in an induction furnace. The pellets, tied with tungsten wire, were immersed into the liquid metal bath. The experiments were carried out in the temperature range of 1713 K to 1733 K. For 16‐18 mm diameter pellets, it was observed that (i) the time required for complete dissolution in liquid metal bath is 83‐90 seconds, (ii) the fraction of reduction for 40 seconds of immersion varied from 0.68‐0.87 for Jharia coal pellets and 0.73‐0.92 for Bhilai coal pellets, and (iii) the fraction of reduction increases with decreasing Fe/C ratio and increasing immersion period. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) of reduced pellets showed that the reduction occurred topochemically. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examination of partially reduced pellets evinced the structural changes in pellets. The present investigation aims to assess the effect of Fe/C ratio in pellet, volatile matter in coal, and time of pellet immersion into liquid metal bath on reduction of iron ore‐coal composite pellets.
Optimization of Physical Refining to Produce Rice Bran Oil with Light Color and High Oryzanol Content
Authors: Van Hoed Vera , Vila Ayala Jose , Czarnowska Marta , De Greyt Wim , Verhé Roland
Published: June 2010

Crude rice bran oil (RBO) is rich in valuable minor components such as tocotrienols, phytosterols and γ‐oryzanol. These compounds are well preserved during physical refining, but in current industrial practice, RBO is mostly refined chemically because this results in a lighter color. However this process removes most of the γ‐oryzanol. The challenge is to develop a refining process which combines a high γ‐oryzanol retention with the commercially desired light color. A modified physical refining process was developed, consisting of an acid degumming, prebleaching, dewaxing, physical removal of free fatty acids using packed column technology, a modified washing step, conventional bleaching and deodorization. A RBO with acceptable oryzanol retention of 39% had a Lovibond red color value (measured with a 5.25‐inch cell) of 2.8, approaching very close the color of a chemically refined RBO (red = 2). At the process step where high (94%) retention of γ‐oryzanol was achieved, a somewhat darker Lovibond red value of 5.2 was obtained.
C18 Unsaturated Fatty Acid Selectivity of Lipases During the Acidolysis Reaction Between Tripalmitin and Oleic, Linoleic, and Linolenic Acids
Authors: Karabulut Ihsan , Durmaz Gokhan , Hayaloglu Ali Adnan
Published: June 2010

The C18 unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) selectivity of three immobilized lipases, namely, Lipozyme TL IM from Thermomyces lanuginosa, Lipozyme RM IM from Rhizomucor miehei, and Novozym 435 from Candida antarctica, was determined in acidolysis conducted in hexane. Tripalmitin with a mixture of equimolar quantities of C18 UFAs was used as the substrate. Significantly different incorporation rates were observed for C18 UFAs used (p < 0.05). The highest incorporation was obtained for all three C18 UFAs with Novozym 435 followed by Lipozyme RM IM and Lipozyme TL IM catalyzed acidolysis under default conditions (substrate mole ratio 1:1; temperature 50 °C; reaction time 6 h; enzyme dosage 10%). Incorporation of the equimolar quantities of C18 UFAs was in the order C18:3 > C18:2 > C18:1 which also reflects C18 UFAs preferences of the lipases. The effects of operating variables on incorporation or UFA selectivity of lipases were also investigated. Among the experimental parameters including the mole ratio of fatty acid to triolein, temperature, enzyme dosage, and time on incorporation, the effect of the substrate mole ratio on UFA selectivity was greater than those of the others.
Subsequent Higher Education After Adolescent Depression: A 15-Year Follow-Up Register Study
Authors: Jonsson U. , Bohman H. , Hjern A. , von Knorring L. , Olsson G. , von Knorring A.-L.
Published: June 2010

Background

Adolescent depression has been shown to have a range of adverse outcomes. We used longitudinal data to investigate subsequent higher education in former depressed adolescents.

Method

A Swedish population-based investigation of depression in 16–17-year-olds was followed up in national registers 15 years later. Adolescents with depression (n = 361, 78% females) were compared to a group of non-depressed peers of the same age (n = 248, 77% females). The main outcome was graduation from higher education by age 30.

Results

The adolescent with depression were less likely than their non-depressed peers to have graduated from higher education by age 30, both regarding females (27.7% vs. 36.4%, p < .05) and males (12.7% vs. 28.6%, p < .05). After adjustment for early school performance, socioeconomic status and maternal education, the decreased likelihood of subsequent graduation from higher education remained for depressed males (OR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.08–0.93) but not for depressed females (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.58–1.49).

Conclusion

Contrary to what previous research has suggested, adolescent depression and its consequences might be particularly destructive to subsequent higher education in males.
Change in psychiatrists’ attitudes towards the physical health care of patients with schizophrenia coinciding with the dissemination of the consensus on physical health in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Bobes J. , Alegría A.A. , Saiz-Gonzalez M.D. , Barber I. , Pérez J.L. , Saiz-Ruiz J.
Published: June 2010

Purpose

To evaluate the impact of the “Spanish Consensus on Physical Health in Patients with Schizophrenia” on psychiatrists’ evaluations of the physical health of patients with schizophrenia.

Method

Epidemiological, non-interventional, national, multicentre study, with two retrospective, cross-sectional data collection stages in which 229 psychiatrists evaluated 1193 clinical records of patients with schizophrenia (ICD-10) seen in January and September of 2007.

Results

Mean age of the patients was 39.7 ± 11.6 years, 65.5% were men, diagnosed for schizophrenia 14.0 ± 10.3 years ago. Forty percent of the patients suffer from a concomitant disease, the most prevalent being hypercholesterolemia (46.3%), hypertriglyceridaemia (33.5%) and arterial hypertension (26.0%). The difference in the number of patients who had all the physical measurements taken between the two cross-sectional evaluations was 13.8% (CI: 11.8%, 15.7%). The differences for each parameter were: weight 13.7% (CI: 11.7%, 15.6%), BMI 13.58% (CI: 11.6%, 15.5%), waist circumference 14.0% (CI: 12.0%, 15.39%), lipid profile 2.9% (CI: 1.9%, 3.9%) and glycaemia 2.6% (CI: 1.7%, 3.5%).

Conclusions

These results imply that the dissemination of the “Consensus on Physical Health in Schizophrenia Patients”, and possibly other actions, has made psychiatrists more aware of an integral approach to patients with schizophrenia, promoting increased monitoring of the physical health of these patients.
Involvement of the PI3K/AKT pathway in ATP‐induced proliferation of developing retinal cells in culture
Authors: Ornelas Isis Moraes , Ventura Ana Lucia Marques
Published: June 2010

ATP induces the proliferation of chick retinal cells in culture through the activation of P2Y1 receptors, PKC and MAP kinases. Together with MAP kinases, the PI3K/AKT pathway has also been implicated as an important mediator in proliferative events during development. Here we investigated the participation of the PI3K/AKT signal pathway on ATP‐induced proliferation of chick embryo retinal cells in culture. When retinal cultures obtained from 7‐day‐old embryos were cultivated for 1 day and treated with ATP, a transient and dose‐dependent phosphorylation of both ERK and AKT was observed, an effect that could be mimicked by 500 μM ADP and blocked by 100 μM PPADS, a P2 receptor antagonist. Maximal stimulation of both enzymes was obtained with 100 μM ATP in 5 min, decreasing thereafter. Activation of these pathways by ATP seemed to be independent, since LY294002 and U0126, inhibitors of PI3K and MEK, did not block the activation of ERK and AKT, respectively, although each compound blocked its respective target. Moreover, when the cultures were incubated with ATP in the presence of LY294002, a decreased incorporation of [3H]‐thymidine was observed, as compared to cultures treated only with ATP, a decline that was also obtained by incubating the cells with ATP plus 0.5 μM API‐59CJ‐Ome, an inhibitor of AKT. No decrease in cell viability was observed with this concentration of API‐59CJ‐Ome. An increase in cyclin D1 expression, that could be inhibited by 10 μM LY 294002 or 20 μM U0126, was observed when cells were incubated with 500 μM ADP. No effect of PI3K and MEK inhibitors was observed in the expression of p27kip1 in the cultures. These results suggest that, besides the involvement of the MAP kinases pathway, ATP‐induced cell cycling of late developing retinal progenitors in culture also involves the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway.
Does offshoring create value for shareholders?
Authors: Prezas Alexandros P. , Simonyan Karen , Vasudevan Gopala
Published: June 2010

We study the wealth effect of offshoring by analyzing the announcement‐period returns as well as the long‐run operating and stock return performance of firms that offshored their activities in the period 2000–2005. Announcement‐period stock returns are positive for firms that offshore activities primarily to reduce costs but are negative for firms that offshore activities for other reasons. Also, announcement‐period stock returns are higher for firms with a larger size, better operating performance, lower growth potential, and a higher cost of goods sold in the year prior to the offshoring announcement. Firms that offshore activities primarily to reduce costs enjoy improved operating and stock return performance in the years following the offshoring. Overall, our findings indicate that not all firms enjoy the benefits of offshoring; rather, only those that offshore primarily to reduce costs do.
Macroscopic description of arbitrary Knudsen number flow using Boltzmann–BGK kinetic theory. Part 2
Authors: CHEN HUDONG , ORSZAG STEVEN A. , STAROSELSKY ILYA
Published: June 2010

We extend our previous analysis of closed-form equations for finite Knudsen number flow and scalar transport that result from the Boltzmann–Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook (BGK) kinetic theory with constant relaxation time. Without approximation, we obtain closed-form equations for arbitrary spatial dimension and flow directionality which are local differential equations in space and integral equations in time. These equations are further simplified for incompressible flow and scalars. The particular case of no-flow scalar transport admits analytical solutions that exhibit ballistic behaviour at short times while behaving diffusively at long times. It is noteworthy that, even with constant relaxation time BGK microphysics, quite complex macroscopic descriptions result that would be difficult to obtain using classical constitutive models or continuum averaging.
The application of probiotic fermented milks in cancer and intestinal inflammation
Authors: de Moreno de LeBlanc Alejandra , Perdigón Gabriela
Published: June 2010

Lactic acid bacteria are present in many foods such as yoghurt and are frequently used as probiotics to improve some biological functions of the host. Many researchers have evaluated the effects of yoghurt and lactic acid bacteria against diseases such as cancer and intestinal inflammation. The preventive effect of probiotics on intestinal carcinogenesis may be associated with changes in the intestinal microbiota, suppressing the growth of bacteria that convert procarcinogens into carcinogens. Other mechanisms could be related to the immune response modulation and have been evaluated using milks fermented with lactic acid bacteria in chemically induced colon cancer and hormone-dependent breast cancer models. We demonstrated, using a murine colon cancer model, that yoghurt consumption inhibited tumour growth by decreasing the inflammatory response by increasing IL-10-secreting cells, cellular apoptosis and diminishing procarcinogenic enzymes. Milk fermented withLactobacillus helveticusR389 delayed breast tumour growth by decreasing IL-6 and increasing IL-10 in serum and in the mammary glands and tumour-infiltrating immune cells. Previous results obtained with yoghurt administration in a colon cancer model led us to analyse its effect on a trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced intestinal inflammation model in mice. Yoghurt was able to attenuate the symptoms of acute inflammation by reducing inflammatory cytokines, and increasing regulatory cytokine IL-10-producing cells, leading to desirable changes of the intestinal microbiota. It was demonstrated, by using murine models, that the consumption of fermented milks can modulate the immune system and can maintain it in a state of surveillance, which could affront different pathologies such as cancer and intestinal inflammation.
Malnutrition in the UK: where does it begin?
Authors: Russell C. A. , Elia M.
Published: June 2010

More than 3 million individuals are estimated to be at risk of malnutrition in the UK, of whom about 93% live in the community. BAPEN's Nutrition Screening Week surveys using criteria based on the ‘Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool’ (‘MUST’) revealed that 28% of individuals on admission to hospital and 30–40% of those admitted to care homes in the previous 6 months were malnourished (medium+high risk using ‘MUST’). About three quarters of hospital admissions and about a third of care home admissions came from their own homes with a malnutrition prevalence of 24% in each case. Outpatient studies using ‘MUST’ showed that 16–20% patients were malnourished and these were associated with more hospital admissions and longer length of stay. In sheltered housing, 10–14% of the tenants were found to be malnourished, with an overall estimated absolute prevalence of malnutrition which exceeded that in hospitals. In all cases, the majority of subjects were at high risk of malnutrition. These studies have helped establish the magnitude of the malnutrition problem in the UK and identified the need for integrated strategies between and within care settings. While hospitals provide a good opportunity to identify malnourished patients among more than 10 million patients admitted there annually and the five- to six-fold greater number attending outpatient departments, commissioners and providers of healthcare services should be aware that much of the malnutrition present in the UK originates in the community before admission to hospitals or care homes or attendance at outpatient clinics.
Metabolite-biomarker investigations in the life cycle of and infection withSchistosoma
Authors: Legido-Quigley C.
Published: June 2010

Schistosome infection is endemic in many Third World countries and affects an estimated 200 million individuals. Over the last few years, a number of investigations have focused on small molecule biomarkers of this infection. These studies were aimed at discovering key molecules relating to the life cycle of the parasite or deciphering metabolic change in the host during infection. In this review these studies are further divided into targeted approaches to find compounds and fingerprinting techniques i.e. metabonomics. A species-specific metabolite or group of biomarkers of the infection have yet to be discovered. For this reason a critical discussion contrasting with established diagnostic methods and future prospects are also provided.
“BUT IT WOULD BE WRONG”
Authors: Darwall Stephen
Published: June 2010

Is the fact that an action would be wrong itself a reason not to perform it? Warranted attitude accounts of value suggest “buck-passing” about value, that being valuable is not itself a reason but “passes the buck” to the reasons for valuing something in which its value consists. Would a warranted attitude account of moral obligation and wrongness, not entail, therefore, that being morally obligatory or wrong gives no reason for action itself? I argue that this is not true. Although warranted attitude theories of normative concepts entail buck-passing with respect to reasons for the specific attitudes that are inherently involved in the concept, the concepts of moral obligation and wrong are normative not in the first instance for action, but for a distinctive set of attitudes (Strawsonian “reactive attitudes”) through which we hold ourselves and one another answerable for our actions. On this analysis, moral obligations are demands we legitimately make as representative persons, and the fact that an act would violate such a demand, and so disrespect the authority these demands presuppose, is indeed a reason not to perform the wrongful act that is additional to whatever features make the act wrong.
Collapse of the Maya: Could deforestation have contributed?
Authors: Oglesby Robert J. , Sever Thomas L. , Saturno William , Erickson David J. , Srikishen Jayanthi
Published: June 2010

The collapse of the Maya civilization during the ninth century A.D. is a major conundrum in the history of mankind. This civilization reached a spectacular peak but then almost completely collapsed in the space of a few decades. While numerous explanations have been put forth to explain this collapse, in recent years, drought has gained favor. This is because water resources were a key for the Maya, especially to ensure their survival during the lengthy dry season that occurs where they lived. Natural drought is a known, recurring feature of this region, as evidenced by observational data, reconstructions of past times, and global climate model output. Results from simulations with a regional climate model demonstrate that deforestation by the Maya also likely induced warmer, drier, drought‐like conditions. It is therefore hypothesized that the drought conditions devastating the Maya resulted from a combination of natural variability and human activities. Neither the natural drought or the human‐induced effects alone were sufficient to cause the collapse, but the combination created a situation the Maya could not recover from. These results may have sobering implications for the present and future state of climate and water resources in Mesoamerica as ongoing massive deforestation is again occurring.