bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
My willpower belief and yours: Investigating dyadic associations between willpower beliefs, social support, and relationship satisfaction in couples
Authors: Francis Zoë , Weidmann Rebekka , Bühler Janina L. , Burriss Robert P. , Wünsche Jenna , Grob Alexander , Job Veronika
Published: December 2023

A limited willpower belief describes the belief that one’s willpower is depletable and that mental exertion results in a diminished self-control capacity. Limited willpower beliefs have been associated with detrimental personal outcomes (such as poorer goal progress) and may even be related to a lower quality of one’s romantic relationship. With dyadic survey data from 745 couples across 14 days, we investigated how willpower beliefs of both partners were associated with their provision and receipt of social support, as well as their relationship satisfaction. We also examined whether partners with more similar willpower beliefs tended to have higher relationship satisfaction. A limited willpower belief was indeed associated with less provision of both instrumental and emotional support, according to both partners’ perspectives, and was also associated with a lower likelihood of receiving instrumental support. A limited willpower belief negatively correlated with one’s own relationship satisfaction, but partner effects were not significant. While couples’ willpower beliefs were more similar to each other than would be expected by chance, degree of similarity in willpower beliefs was not related to relationship satisfaction. Future research should examine the mechanisms via which willpower beliefs are involved in romantic relationships, potentially through impacting the exchange of support.
Evolutions in hegemonic discourses of climate change: An ecomodern enactment of implicatory denial
Authors: Brooks James , Wingard Leah
Published: December 2023

We analyze public media talk that illustrate Norgaard’s spectrum of climate denial discourse. While these are theorized by Norgaard, our analysis of specific instances of media talk examines how speakers enact this spectrum of discourses to justify delay of immediate action on climate change. The analysis suggests there is an evolving public talk on climate where overt denial of climate science is increasingly seen at the political extreme and the more mainstream discourse, described here as an ecomodern discourse, appears aligned with climate science but delays the necessary immediate action to address climate change by among other things using fearful scenarios to argue against disrupting the status quo and appealing to technology to solve climate change.
Human-induced fires and land-use change in Lubusz Land (western Poland) derived from Lake Lubińskie sedimentary record
Authors: Bonk Alicja , Makohonienko Mirosław , Tylmann Wojciech
Published: December 2023

Sediments of Lake Lubińskie were investigated to track human-induced vegetation and fire activity changes in Lubusz Land (western Poland). Geochemical data, as well as pollen, macrocharcoal, and statistical analyses (CONISS, CharAnalysis, PCA, BINCOR) allowed us to recognize the major phases of the human impact. At the beginning of the investigation period, 3000 years ago, the area had already experienced disturbances from humans caused by the Lusatian and Przeworsk cultures, followed by western Slavs, and modern society. Land cover changes were mostly related to deforestation and gaining arable lands. The forest communities shrank substantially also due to timber demand from the growing society. However, the pollen record shows that within the last ~50 years the area experienced forest regeneration. Wildfires played an important role in shaping the landscape in the area of Lake Lubińskie. Overall, 23 fires were identified within the profile showing relatively high fire frequencies (up to 4.8 fires per 500 years) between 600 −38/+36 BCE and 1 ± 206 CE as well as between 1065 ± 98 CE and 1380 ± 92 CE. The highest fire frequency was observed between the 1000s and mid-1400s, showing decreased fire return interval (FRI) and increased charcoal flux as well as progressive deforestation. These changes were related to the establishment of villages (e.g., Lubin village) and the presence of the Joannites. Fire was most commonly used as a land management tool to gain patches of land for agrarian purposes. PCA and BINOCR analyses suggest that most of the fires were set by humans, but natural causes of ignition cannot be excluded. The land-use changes affected the vegetation in the region, causing increased erosion and shifts in the geochemistry of the lake reflected in better bottom waters ventilation and progressive eutrophication.
The Role of Subjective Norms in the Formation of Entrepreneurial Intention: The Case of a Matrilineal Society
Authors: Marbaniang David F. , Rajput Kishor S.
Published: December 2023

The consideration of intention holds significant importance within the entrepreneurial process for individuals who are contemplating the initiation of a new business venture. It is the pre-self-employment contemplative process. The primary aim of this study is to examine and substantiate Ajzen’s theory of planned behaviour model, specifically exploring the predictive nature of personal attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control in relation to entrepreneurial intention. Another part of this article will investigate and analyse the specific role that subjective norms play in the formation of the entrepreneurial intention of the youth within the context of a matrilineal society. The study pertains to 929 undergraduate and postgraduate students studying in various colleges and universities of Meghalaya. Statistical techniques such as path analysis, ANOVA and regression analysis are employed in the study. The findings of the study show that personal attitude and subjective norms have a significant effect on entrepreneurial intention. Furthermore, it has been revealed that the kinship system has an impact on subjective norms.
Occupational Stress Management Intervention: An Informative Perception
Authors: Dhaneesh R.
Published: December 2023

This article provides an overview of stress management interventions (SMIs) and the evidence that they improve employee well-being. The objective of this study is to identify the individual-level stress (personal) and stress at an organisational level (workplace) and to suggest certain intervention techniques at primary and secondary levels to reduce it. To begin, we create a classification system for SMI, as it is taught in accordance with degree (i.e., the personal stage or the organisational stage) and recognition (i.e., a ‘number one’ focus on changing the causes of stress or a ‘secondary’ or ‘tertiary’ attention on lowering stress itself). Relaxation methods, cognitive behavioural treatment (CBT) and mindfulness training are all examples of secondary character-stage SMI (such as implementing new organisational policies and procedures) and are subcategories of SMI based on how widely they have been proven to work (e.g., process redesign, adjustments to running time schedules). There is a lot of data to support these two SMI techniques, but the study concludes by strengthening the evidence base for SMI treatments requiring a good methodological design, as well as improved knowledge on the context and people in which SMIs are most successful, how SMIs are administered and long-term effects of SMIs. Therapy for mental health issues, stress management and CBT study was carried out from June to August 2022.
Parents’ Perception of the Benefit of Receiving a Patient Information Leaflet Prior to Attending a Craniofacial Multidisciplinary Team Appointment
Authors: Millgård Moa , Myhre Anita , Due-Tønnessen Bernt J. , Billaud Feragen Kristin J.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To investigate how a patient information leaflet describing what to expect during a craniofacial multidisciplinary team (MDT) appointment is experienced by parents of children with craniofacial anomalies (CFAs) and whether it helps with preparation for the appointment.

Design

Combination of qualitative and quantitative design.

Setting

Norwegian National Unit for Craniofacial Surgery.

Participants

Thirty-three parents of children with CFAs completed the questionnaire and fourteen were subsequently interviewed.

Interventions

A patient information leaflet, sent to all parents before their MDT appointment.

Main Outcome Measures

Descriptive questionnaire data and interview data.

Results

All parents ( N  =  33, 100%) found the leaflet easy to understand, while 31 (93.9%) found it provided helpful information. However, many first-time attendees still found the MDT setting overwhelming.

Conclusions

A leaflet may be helpful for parents when preparing for their child's MDT appointment. However, some parents may need additional support and information related to their child's treatment pathway.
Sidedness in Unilateral Orofacial Clefts: A Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Fell Matthew , Bradley Daniel , Chadha Ambika , Butterworth Sophie , Davies Amy , Russell Craig , Richard Bruce , Wren Yvonne , Lewis Sarah , Chong David
Published: December 2023

Objective

An overview of the literature relating to the sidedness of unilateral cleft lip with or without cleft palate to map current knowledge on the cause and impact of directional asymmetry.

Design

Scoping review with a systematic search of Medline and Embase from inception to May 2023.

Patients, Participants

Humans born with a left or right unilateral cleft lip with or without a cleft palate.

Main Outcome Measures

Cleft sidedness as a co-occurrence, an outcome or an exposure.

Results

Forty studies were eligible for inclusion and confirmed the predilection for the occurrence of left sided cleft lips; 12 studies reported cleft sidedness co-occurring with another phenotype, 11 studies report sidedness as an outcome and 17 studies as an exposure. Phenotypes which were reported to co-occur with either left or right sided clefts included congenital dental anomalies, handedness and additional congenital anomalies. Variables investigated as a potential cause of left or right sided clefts as an outcome included chromosomal anomalies, genetic variants and environmental factors. Outcomes investigated in relation to cleft sidedness as an exposure included facial anatomical features, facial growth, educational attainment, functional and psychological characteristics. More studies showed worse outcomes in right sided clefts versus left sided clefts than vice versa, although studies were inconsistent, and a quality assessment was not performed.

Conclusions

The field of cleft sidedness research is expanding and there are promising early findings to differentiate cause and outcome by sidedness of the cleft.
Systemic-Sclerosis-Related Interstitial Lung Disease: A Review of the Literature and Recommended Approach for Clinical Pharmacists
Authors: Ferrari Hannah Marie , Kale-Pradhan Pramodini , Konja Jewel , Dierker Michelle , Martirosov Amber Lanae
Published: December 2023

Objective:

To describe the efficacy, safety, and clinical utility of pharmacologic agents in the treatment of systemic sclerosis-related interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD).

Data Sources:

A review of the literature was performed using the terms lung diseases, (interstitial/therapy) AND (scleroderma, systemic/therapy) OR (scleroderma, systemic) AND (lung diseases, interstitial/therapy) in PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Web of Science. ClinicalTrials.gov was also searched to identify ongoing studies. The initial search was performed in October 2022, with follow-up searches performed in October 2023.

Study Selection and Data Abstraction:

Articles reviewed were limited to those written in the English language, human studies, and adult populations.

Data Synthesis:

A variety of therapeutic agents, including mycophenolate, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide (CYC), rituximab (RTX), nintedanib, and tocilizumab (TCZ) have slowed the rate of decline in forced vital capacity (FVC) and disease progression. Only nintedanib and TCZ have a labeled indication for SSc-ILD. Two agents, belimumab and pirfenidone, have shown encouraging results in smaller phase II and phase III studies, but have yet to be approved by the Food and Drug Administration.

Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice:

Patients with pulmonary manifestations of SSc-ILD have worse outcomes and lower survival rates compared with those without. It is imperative that disease management be individualized to achieve optimal patient-centered care. Pharmacists are uniquely suited to support this individualized management.

Conclusion:

Numerous pharmacologic agents have been studied and repurposed in the treatment of SSc-ILD, with nintedanib and TCZ gaining approval to slow the rate of decline in pulmonary function in SSc-ILD. Other agents, including belimumab and pirfenidone, are on the horizon as potential treatment options; but further studies are needed to compare their efficacy and safety with the current standard of care.
Lecanemab: A Humanized Monoclonal Antibody for the Treatment of Early Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Park Juliane , Simpson Carson , Patel Katie
Published: December 2023

Objective:

To review current pharmacology, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, safety, and efficacy of lecanemab in patients with Alzheimer disease.

Data sources:

A literature search of PubMed (April 1, 2016-November 15, 2023) and ClinicalTrials.gov search were conducted using the following search terms: lecanemab and BAN2401. Additional articles were identified by hand from references.

Study selection and data extraction:

We included English-language clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, reviews, and systematic reviews evaluating lecanemab pharmacology, efficacy, or safety in humans for the management of Alzheimer disease.

Data synthesis:

In the Clarity AD phase III trial, lecanemab led to a decrease in brain amyloid levels and showed moderate improvement in clinical measures of cognition and function. At 18 months, lecanemab 10 mg/kg biweekly exhibited a lower least squares mean change from baseline (1.21) compared to placebo (1.66) of Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum of Boxes score, signifying a significant difference of −0.45 (95% CI, −0.67 to −0.23; P < 0.001). In a subset of 698 participants, lecanemab reduced brain amyloid burden by −59.1 Centiloids (95% CI, −62.6 to −55.6). Lecanemab demonstrated favorable differences in Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale 14, Alzheimer Disease Composite Score, and Alzheimer Disease Cooperative Study—Mild Cognitive Impairment—Activities of Daily Living scores. Adverse events included infusion-related reactions (26.4%) and amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (12.6%).

Relevance to patient care and clinical practice:

Lecanemab reduces cognitive decline but raises concerns about intravenous administration, cost, and magnetic resonance imaging needs. Ongoing trials exploring subcutaneous dosing and positron emission tomography scans may offer solutions.

Conclusion:

Lecanemab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that is selective for soluble amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregates. Lecanemab has exhibited a decrease in brain Aβ plaques and moderately less decline on clinical measures of cognitive function.
Customer Perceptions of Firm Innovativeness and Market Performance: A Nation-Level, Longitudinal, Cross-Industry Examination
Authors: Keiningham Timothy , Aksoy Lerzan , Buoye Alexander , Yan An , Morgeson Forrest V. , Woodall Gina , Larivière Bart
Published: December 2023

This paper highlights the importance of innovation in driving economic growth, noting that traditional measures of innovation have focused mainly on manufacturing-related metrics like patents and R&D activities. It addresses the need for new measures that better reflect innovation in service-dominant economies. Specifically, the study highlights nation-level measures of customer perceived firm innovativeness and examines their relationship with firm financial performance. Using data from the American Innovation Index covering 123 publicly traded firms across 20 industries over 5 years (2018–2022), the research finds that customers’ perceptions of a firm’s innovativeness are significant predictors of future abnormal stock returns. Additionally, it reveals a positive relationship between changes in customer satisfaction levels, as measured by the American Customer Satisfaction Index, and abnormal stock returns. Together, these findings point to the importance of customer perceptions on firm performance.
Construct validity, responsiveness and reliability of the Feline Grimace Scale in kittens
Authors: Cheng Alice J , Malo Annie , Garbin Marta , Monteiro Beatriz P , Steagall Paulo V
Published: December 2023

Objectives

The aim of the present study was to investigate the construct validity, responsiveness and reliability of the Feline Grimace Scale (FGS) in kittens.

Methods

A total of 36 healthy female kittens (aged 10 weeks to 6 months) were included in a prospective, randomized, blinded study. Video recordings of all kittens were made before and 1 and 2 h after ovariohysterectomy using an opioid-free injectable anesthetic protocol with or without multimodal analgesia. Additional recordings were taken before and 1 h after administration of rescue analgesia (buprenorphine 0.02 mg/kg IM) to painful kittens. Screenshots of facial images were collected from the video recordings for FGS scoring. Four observers blinded to treatment groups and time points scored 111 randomized images twice with a 5-week interval using the FGS. Five action units (AUs) were scored (ear position, orbital tightening, muzzle tension, whiskers position and head position; 0–2 each). Construct validity, responsiveness, and inter- and intra-rater reliability were evaluated using linear models with Benjamini–Hochberg correction, Wilcoxon signed-rank test and single intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCsingle), respectively ( P <0.05).

Results

FGS total ratio scores were higher at 1 and 2 h after ovariohysterectomy (median [interquartile range, IQR]: 0.30 [0.20–0.40] and 0.30 [0.20–0.40], respectively) than at baseline (median [IQR]: 0.10 [0.00–0.30]) ( P <0.001). FGS total ratio scores were lower after the administration of rescue analgesia (median [IQR] before and after rescue analgesia) 0.40 [0.20–0.50] and 0.20 [0.10–0.38], respectively ( P <0.001). Inter-rater ICCsingle was 0.68 for the FGS total ratio scores and 0.35–0.70 for all AUs considered individually. Intra-rater ICCsingle was 0.77–0.91 for the FGS total ratio scores and 0.55–1.00 for all AUs considered individually.

Conclusions and relevance

The FGS is a valid and responsive acute pain-scoring instrument with moderate inter-rater reliability and good to excellent intra-rater reliability in kittens.
Incidence of feline idiopathic cystitis and urethral obstruction during COVID-19 human movement restrictions in Queensland, Australia
Authors: Jackson Kayla Ann , Collins Kate Eliza , Kim Te Yeun , Donaldson Rebekah E
Published: December 2023

Objectives

Feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC) and urethral obstruction (UO) are commonly linked to increased stress. The influence of human movement restrictions on their incidence remains undetermined. FIC with or without UO is associated with environmental stress factors. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) pandemic restricted human movement and working behaviours. It is unknown if these restrictions increased the risk of FIC or UO in cats.

Methods

Total cat emergency accessions and transfers between 8 February 2019 and 8 February 2021 at two private hospitals were retrospectively reviewed. Cats were included in the FIC group if they presented with lower urinary tract signs and supporting urinalysis, and were included in the UO group if they presented with UO. Cats with current urinary tract infection, or previous FIC or UO, were excluded. Groups were considered ‘pre-COVID-19’ between February 2019 and 2020 and ‘COVID-19’ between February 2020 and 2021. Cases of FIC and UO were compared between COVID-19 and pre-COVID-19 using Fisher’s exact test and relative risk (RR) calculations.

Results

The pre-COVID-19 incidence of FIC was 4.3% (63/1477, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.0332–0.053), non-obstructive FIC was 1.4% (20/1477, 95% CI 0.008–0.020) and UO was 2.9% (43/1477, 95% CI 0.020–0.038). One cat was excluded as obstruction occurred during hospitalisation. The COVID-19 incidence of FIC was 5.4% (113/2081, 95% CI 0.044–0.64), non-obstructive FIC was 2.1% (70/2081, 95% CI 0.014–0.027) and UO was 3.4% (70/2081, 95% CI 0.026–0.042). The risk of non-obstructive FIC ( P = 0.122; RR 0.652, 95% CI 0.387–1.096), UO ( P = 0.382; RR 0.839, 95% CI 0.577–1.22) or either ( P = 0.098; RR 0.773, 95% CI 0.572–1.044) was not significantly higher in the COVID-19 period than the pre-COVID-19 period.

Conclusions and relevance

No clear association between COVID-19 movement restrictions and the incidence of UO or non-obstructive FIC was found within this retrospective population.
Clinical and diagnostic profile of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome; a 7-year retrospective observational study
Authors: Ahmed H Shafeeq , Thrishulamurthy Chinmayee J , Bhaskar Thejus , Lokanath Hamsa , Srikanteshwara Praveen-Kumar
Published: December 2023

Background

Tolosa Hunt Syndrome (THS) was first delineated in 1954 and is caused by a granulomatous inflammation in the cavernous sinus, superior orbital fissure or orbit. In this study the different clinical and diagnostic findings of THS are discussed.

Methods

Case records of patients diagnosed with THS using the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition criteria from January 2016–July 2022 were considered for the current study. Demographic, Clinical, Laboratory and Radiological data of all patients fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria was collected from the patient case records through the Medical Records Department of BMCRI Super Specialty Hospital.

Results

A total of 60 patients were included in the study with mean age with SD, 50.9 years (13.9) and were predominantly male (66.6%). Restriction of eye movements was the most common symptom affecting 31 (51.7%) patients. Oculomotor nerve (IIIrd Cranial Nerve) palsy was the most common nerve palsy, affecting 36 (60%) patients. Contrast enhancing lesions or T2/FLAIR Hyper-intense areas were seen in the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of 59 (98.3%) patients. Cavernous sinus involvement, was the most common site of involvement, in 25 (41.6%) of the patients. All patients were treated with intravenous methyl prednisolone injections and responded well.

Conclusion

Restriction of eye movements was the most common symptom, along with cavernous sinus being the most common site of involvement in THS. MRI scans are important diagnostic tools for THS.
Restoration of hip anatomy using computer modelling prior to total hip arthroplasty and its potential consequences in terms of lower limb-length difference
Authors: Aubert Thomas , Rigoulot Guillaume , Gerard Philippe , Auberger Guillaume , Leclerc Philippe
Published: December 2023

Background:

Restoring hip anatomy during total hip arthroplasty (THA) is the gold standard. The general goal is for hips to be symmetrical in terms of height. This study aimed to analyse the effect of simulating hip length (HL) equalisation on leg-length difference (LLD) before and after THA with a computerised plan.

Methods:

141 consecutive patients were enrolled following THA. Outcomes of interest were preoperative hip-length difference (HLD) and LLD as determined on CT and final LLD as determined by simulating HL equalisation. We divided patients into 3 groups: no LLD, LLD >5 mm and LLD ⩾10 mm.

Results:

The rate of preoperative LLD >5 mm and LLD ⩾10 mm was 37.5% and 14.8%, respectively. HL equalisation did not change LLD distribution in the overall cohort. Among patients with smaller preoperative HLs and LLDs, HL equalisation changed the rate of LLD >5 mm from 100% ( n = 24) to 41.7% ( n = 10) ( p < 0.0001) and of LLD ⩾10 mm from 100% ( n = 12) to 16.7% ( n = 2) ( p < 0.0001). Among patients with no preoperative LLD, HL equalisation changed the rate of LLD ⩽5 mm from 100% ( n = 64) to 59.3% ( n = 38) ( p < 0.0001) and of LLD<10 mm from 100% ( n = 76) to 89.5% ( n = 68) ( p = 0.006).

Conclusions:

Restoring biomechanical hip anatomy by HL equalisation may not be the correct goal for all patients. In patients with no LLD and shorter HLs, equalisation could result in LLD >5 mm in 40% of patients and LLD >10 mm in 10%, demonstrating the necessity to further analyse individuals and propose a personalised stem position.
‘Creating Poverty Chances’: Young People Confront Gambling Harms in Malawi
Authors: Mtema Otiyela , Singano Isaac ‘Starlic’ , McGee Darragh , Yakobe Yamiko , Sichali Junious , Makamo Mphatso , Reith Gerda , Bunn Christopher
Published: December 2023

Commercialised gambling products have spread rapidly through African countries in recent years and have been woven into the everyday experiences of young people. Research to date has documented this phenomenon through conventional social science methodologies, establishing an important body of knowledge. Absent from this work is research that adopts participatory and creative methods, often argued to be particularly well suited to empowering marginalised groups to co-produce research. In this piece, we describe a co-creative participatory approach to working with 24 young people in Malawi to explore experiences of commercial gambling and its impacts on their communities. Our approach was co-developed with the young people and produced a substantial body of community interviews, photovoice pieces, and creative representations of the research findings. Here, we focus on a song written and recorded by one of the young people that draws on and represents themes of distress, addiction, poverty, and false hope, which were present in the data the young people generated across the study.
Reclaim the Night(Life) – Sexual Harassment in the Night-Time Economy: Zine Making as Method and Participant-Led Data Analysis
Authors: Lamond Ian R , Dashper Kate , Lanham Michelle , Rossmorris Hannah , Lomax Dan
Published: December 2023

This short reflective piece sets out the background to the Reclaim the (Night) Life project, an ongoing research project into sexual violence/harassment in the night-time economy of Leeds (UK). This initial output from the project, which has involved a team of five academics from the UK Centre for Event Management at Leeds Beckett University, is based on work produced at a co-creational zine-making workshop. The workshop involved a group of students, from the university, working with their lived experience and using the workshop to support them in undertaking some initial analysis of data captured from a prior online survey. Sociologically, the zine’s purpose is to share initial research findings in a way that could engage its target demographic (young women), give voice to some of their experiences, explore zine making as a form of data capture and participant-led data analysis, and act as a prevocational device for the next stages of the Reclaim the (Night)Life research project.
Motivational profiles of EFL learners: A person-centered approach to uncovering gender differences
Authors: Li Jiajing , King Ronnel B. , Wang Chuang
Published: December 2023

Past studies have shown gender differences among English as a foreign language (EFL) learners. However, most of these studies have focused on mean-level differences using variable-centered analyses. Studies have seldom explored similarities and differences in motivational profiles using person-centered approaches. To bridge this gap, we examined the motivational profiles of boys and girls and explored how these profiles were associated with basic psychological needs support, and academic achievement. A total of 582 Chinese EFL learners participated in the study. Profiles were created based on students’ scores on autonomous and controlled motivation. Results indicated that four distinct profiles emerged for both boys and girls: ‘low quantity motivation’ (low autonomous and controlled motivation), ‘poor quality motivation’ (low autonomous but high controlled motivation), ‘moderate motivation’ (moderate autonomous and controlled motivation), and ‘high quantity motivation’ (high autonomous and controlled motivation) EFL learners. Specifically, the ‘moderate motivation’ group had different levels of autonomous and controlled motivation, with boys exhibiting a higher controlled motivation and girls scoring higher in autonomous motivation. There was also a higher prevalence of ‘poor quality’ motivation among boys. Predictors of profile membership varied across genders. Competence was a stronger predictor of profile membership for boys but autonomy and relatedness were stronger predictors for girls. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Experimental and numerical investigations of precast circular reinforced concrete slender columns with intermediate connection
Authors: Hamoda Ahmed , Ahmed Mizan , Abadel Aref A , Gohery Scott
Published: December 2023

This paper carries out experimental and numerical investigations on the axial performance of circular Reinforced Concrete (RC) precast slender columns with an intermediate connection. A series of tests are carried out to study the effects of longitudinal reinforcement ratio (ρ), and embedded length of steel bars (Lb) of precast columns on their axial performance under concentric loading. Test results show that increasing the reinforcement ratio and the embedded length of the precast columns significantly improves the axial performance of the precast slender columns. Nonlinear finite element models (FEM) are developed to simulate the performance of the columns experimentally observed. The accuracy of the FEM is validated against the test results and found to reasonably predict the axial performance of tested columns.
Computed tomography -defined sarcopenia is associated with long-term survival among patients undergoing open thoracic aortic reconstruction
Authors: Valkkio Salla , Kuoppala Sohvi , Lindström Iisa , Khan Niina , Sioris Thanos , Laurikka Jari , Oksala Niku , Hernesniemi Jussi
Published: December 2023

Background and objective:

As markers of sarcopenia, psoas muscle areas and indexes measured from computed tomography images have been found to predict long-term mortality in cardiothoracic as well as other surgical cohorts. Our objective was to investigate the association between psoas muscle status, taking into account muscle density in addition to area, and survival among patients undergoing open thoracic aortic reconstruction.

Methods:

This was a retrospective registry study of a total of 451 patients treated with open surgery for thoracic aortic pathology. Psoas muscle area and density were measured from preoperative computed tomography images at the L3 and L4 lumbar levels. In addition, lean psoas muscle area was calculated by averaging sex-specific values of psoas muscle area and density. The association between mortality and psoas muscle status was analyzed with adjusted Cox-regression analysis.

Results:

The median age of the study population was 63 (interquartile range (IQR): 53–70) years. The majority were male (74.7%, n = 337) and underwent elective procedures (58.1% n = 262). Surgery of the ascending aorta was carried out in 90% of the patients, and 15% (n = 67) had concomitant coronary artery bypass surgery. Aortic dissection was present in 34.6% (n = 156) patients. Median follow-up time was 4.3 years (IQR: 2.2–7.4). During the follow-up, 106 patients (23.5%) died, with 55.7% of deaths occurring within the first four postoperative weeks. Psoas muscle parameters were not associated with perioperative mortality, but significant independent associations with long-term mortality were observed for psoas muscle area, density, and lean psoas muscle area with hazard ratios (HRs) of 0.63 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.45–0.88), 0.62 (95% CI: 0.46–0.83), and 0.47 (95% CI: 0.32–0.69), respectively (all per 1-SD increase).

Conclusions:

Psoas muscle sarcopenia status is associated with long-term mortality after open thoracic aortic surgery.
Gender and the Multilateral Development Banks: From WID to GAD to Retroliberal WID
Authors: Bazbauers Adrian Robert , Madkour Nadeen
Published: December 2023

Multilateral development bank (MDB) engagement with ‘gender’ is controversial in review and uneven in practice. The authors analyse 1,928 gender-focused projects financed by the World Bank and regional development banks between 1967 and 2021. We propose three eras into which MDB gender engagement divides and argues that isomorphic pressures have aligned their approaches. The article concludes that gender is not an investment priority and projects have conceptually narrowed over time to focus on private entrepreneurship at the expense of addressing systemic gendered inequalities. This is significant for what the MDB finance signals to investors the feasibility of development projects.
General understanding on spray collapse process of an asymmetrical multi-hole direct injection gasoline injector under wide flash-boiling conditions
Authors: Zhang Jingyu , Li Yanfei , Xu Hongming , Liu Yang , Ma Xiao , Shuai Shijin
Published: December 2023

How the under-expansion impacts the flash-boiling spray collapse process over wide superheat levels ( Rp, defined as the ratio of saturation pressure to ambient pressure) is not well understood. In the present study, n-hexane flash-boiling sprays issued from a five-hole asymmetrical injector were experimentally and numerically studied to obtain a more general understanding of the spray collapse with wide Rp variation. The experimental results proved that the collapse in the transitional region occurs in the far field, unlike the fully collapse that occurred in the near-nozzle region. The numerical results demonstrated the complexity of individual jet evolutions and their interactions over wide Rp. For individual flash-boiling jets, there were different behaviors in the near-nozzle region. In the case with Rp slightly larger than 1, no shock waves can be observed, but a set of compression-expansion chains. The further increase in Rp caused the generation of shock waves, and resultantly the primary cells were established. For the multi-jet sprays, the further increase in Rp enlarged the primary cells, leading to their interactions and the generation of secondary cells. When Rp was sufficiently higher, the further interactions among primary and secondary cells could cause the generation of tertiary cell. Orderly interactions of shock cells were observed with increasing Rp, that is, the interactions initially occur between the adjacent jets with smaller distances, and then other jets were involved. Based on the results: It was found that the compression-expansion chains caused the low- Rp flash-boiling spray collapse in the far field; With the increase in Rp, the shock waves and shock-to-shock interaction become the main contributor to spray collapse, leading collapse appearing in the near-nozzle region.
The dementia severity rating scale: A potential community screening tool for dementia in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Turana Yuda , Farina Nicolas , Theresia Imelda , Fitri Fasihah Irfani , Suswanti Ika , Jacobs Roxanne , Schneider Marguerite , Sani Tara Puspitarini , Comas-Herrera Adelina , Albanese Emiliano , Govia Ishtar , Ferri Cleusa P , Knapp Martin , Banerjee Sube
Published: December 2023

Background

The Dementia Severity Rating Scale (DSRS) is an informant report, dementia staging tool that is quick to administer and has previous been shown to differentiate between people with dementia and healthy controls. However, it is not clear how accurate the tool is screening against diagnostic criteria in middle-income settings.

Methods

Embedded within the STRiDE programme, older adults (aged ≥65 years) and their informants were randomly recruited from four sites across Indonesia and South Africa. All informants were asked to complete DSRS. We report the tool’s psychometric properties and accuracy against the 10/66 short diagnostic algorithm.

Results

Between September and December 2021, data was collected from 2110 older adults in Indonesia and 408 in South Africa. Overall, the DSRS scores significantly differed between those with and without dementia, as identified on the 10/66 short algorithm ( p < .05). The difference between groups remained significant after controlling for key factors related to older adult and informant demographics. A score >2 on the DSRS had the greatest agreement with the 10/66 short algorithm and had excellent discriminative properties in both Indonesia (Area Under Curve (AUC) = .75, 95% CIs = .72–.77) and South Africa (AUC = .82, 95% CIs = .76–.88).

Conclusions

The DSRS has potential as a screening tool for dementia in middle-income countries, with high sensitivity and specificity against a standardized diagnostic algorithm.
Promising Practices to Promote Physical Activity and Healthy Eating Among Head Start Caregivers and Their Children
Authors: Lee Jihye , Coffie Bridget , Davis Kathleen E. , Warren Cynthia , Jean Keller  , Zhang Tao
Published: December 2023

Many children in Head Start programs do not meet physical activity (PA) and dietary intake recommendations and have increased risk for obesity. The purpose of this pilot study was to formatively assess a multi-level intervention, exploring strategies to encourage PA and healthy eating among north Texas Head Start families. In year 1, 5 Head Start sites with 217 children began the Head Start to Healthy Lifestyles (HSHL) project. Direct and indirect education strategies began in the last 2 months of the school year. Surveys were used to evaluate child and caregiver PA, healthy eating behaviors, and interagency collaboration. Strategies and barriers to adopting healthy lifestyles were assessed via grant partner discussions. Of 217 children enrolled, 109 caregivers consented to participate in research, of which 35 completed baseline surveys and 10 also submitted post surveys. The number of fruits eaten by Head Start caregivers improved ( P < .05). Perceived level of collaboration among grant partners was high. Strategies appreciated by Head Start site partners included PA support in the classrooms, take-home gardens, and reading food group books. Additional needed support included tasting and on-site cooking classes. Barriers to participation included few face-to-face meetings with parents, staffing shortages post-COVID, and difficulty engaging families.
Matching-adjusted indirect comparison of PFS and OS comparing ribociclib plus letrozole versus palbociclib plus letrozole as first-line treatment of HR+/HER2− advanced breast cancer
Authors: Jhaveri Komal , O’Shaughnessy Joyce , Fasching Peter A. , Tolaney Sara M. , Yardley Denise A. , Sharma Vikash Kumar , Biswas Chandroday , Thuerigen Astrid , Pathak Purnima , Rugo Hope S.
Published: December 2023

Background:

Current standard-of-care first-line treatment of patients with hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HR+/HER2−) advanced breast cancer (ABC) is cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6i) + endocrine therapy. In the MONALEESA-2 trial, first-line ribociclib + letrozole demonstrated statistically significant overall survival (OS) benefit versus placebo + letrozole in postmenopausal patients with HR+/HER2− ABC. In the PALOMA-2 trial, first-line palbociclib + letrozole did not show OS benefit versus placebo + letrozole in a similar patient population. Understanding OS outcomes in the respective trials is critical for treatment decisions; however, there are no head-to-head clinical trial data comparing ribociclib and palbociclib.

Objectives:

To conduct a matching-adjusted indirect comparison (MAIC) to compare progression-free survival (PFS) and OS of first-line ribociclib + letrozole versus palbociclib + letrozole in postmenopausal patients with HR+/HER2− ABC.

Design:

Letrozole-anchored MAIC using individual patient data from MONALEESA-2 and published summary data from PALOMA-2.

Methods:

Using individual data, patients from MONALEESA-2 who matched inclusion criteria from PALOMA-2 were selected, and weighting was conducted to ensure baseline characteristics were similar to those in published aggregated data from PALOMA-2. The Bucher method was used to generate corresponding hazard ratios (HRs).

Results:

The final effective sample size compared n = 150 (ribociclib) and n = 112 (placebo) MONALEESA-2 patients with n = 444 (palbociclib) and n = 222 (placebo) PALOMA-2 patients. After matching and weighting, patient characteristics were well balanced. MAIC analysis showed a numerical PFS benefit [HR, 0.80; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.58–1.11; p = 0.187] and significant OS benefit (HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.48–0.96; p = 0.031) with ribociclib + letrozole versus palbociclib + letrozole.

Conclusion:

Results of this cross-trial MAIC analysis showed a numerical PFS benefit and significantly greater OS benefit with first-line ribociclib + letrozole versus palbociclib + letrozole. These results support letrozole + ribociclib as the preferred first-line CDK4/6i for postmenopausal patients with HR+/HER2− ABC.

Trial registration:

NCT01958021; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT01958021 (MONALEESA-2) and NCT01740427; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT01740427 (PALOMA-2).
Introduction to School Medicaid for School Nurses
Authors: Bundy Bob , Gormley Jenny M.
Published: December 2023

School nurses are important participants in School Medicaid (SM) programs nationally. Yet, the complexity of SM programs and required documentation are major barriers to implementing this program for nurses. School nurses are often required to participate in the SM program without having a clear understanding of the purpose and components of the overall program. With the expansion of SM programs due to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services “free care” guidance change, nursing services and documentation are receiving more attention and scrutiny as more nursing services become eligible for reimbursement in states across the country. This article presents a clear overview of SM, its history, different components of state SM programs, school nursing documentation and challenges, and resources for school nurses who are interested in more information.
Role of education 4.0 in innovative curriculum practices and digital literacy– A bibliometric approach
Authors: Sharma Yogesh , Suri Ankit , Sijariya Rajeev , Jindal Lokesh
Published: December 2023

The aim of the research is to investigate the role of Education 4.0 in innovative curricular practices and digital literacy, weaving logically with the central focus of the study on identifying new and emerging areas in the field. The research uses bibliometric analysis and scientific mapping to analyse the body of knowledge already published and to highlight publishing patterns, notable authors, journals, nations, connections, and keywords. The study's conclusions point to five main themes in education 4.0, including creating a blueprint of Education 4.0, preparing for future challenges, environmental learning and sustainable development, leadership development, and promoting innovation and creativity. These themes are founded on the bibliometric coupling of works, which offers a thorough comprehension of the field's intellectual structure. The findings emphasise the need for more study on innovative curriculum practices, digital literacy, and the role of Education 4.0 in preparing students for future challenges. Future study is specifically advised to look at how Education 4.0 affects student learning outcomes, the role of instructors in implementing Education 4.0, and the possible advantages of cross-disciplinary collaboration in Education 4.0. This study offers valuable insights for educators, policymakers, and academics on the significance of Education 4.0 in fulfilling the requirements of learners in the 21st century.
Best practices, implementation and challenges of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy: results of a worldwide survey among healthcare providers
Authors: Hassanzai Moska , Adanç Fadime , Koch Birgit C P , Verkaik Nelianne J , van Oldenrijk Jakob , de Bruin Jorg L , de Winter Brenda C M , van Onzenoort Hein A W
Published: December 2023

Background:

Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (OPAT) is considered a patient-friendly and cost-effective practice. Patients in the OPAT service can be at risk for developing adverse events. Due to extensive variations in practice, guidelines have been developed to minimize the risks.

Objectives:

In this first worldwide survey on OPAT, we explored the current OPAT services around the world, adherence to recommendations and identified best practices and challenges from different perspectives.

Methods:

An e-survey was conducted and consisted of questions about demographics, characteristics of the OPAT service, role of pharmacy, future developments, and respondents’ views on improvements as well as best practices.

Results:

A total of 126 responses from 28 countries were included. Seventy-eight percent (78%) of the respondents stated that their facility provides antimicrobial therapy in the outpatient setting, whereas 22% did not. Forty-two percent (42%) of the hospitals with OPAT services had a specialized OPAT service, while 14% lacked specialized services and 22% had a partially specialized team in place. In facilities with a specialized OPAT service, the number of mandatory infectious disease (ID) consultations before discharge and clinical monitoring by an ID specialist or OPAT team member, the frequency of monitoring, and the availability of an OPAT registry were higher. A multidisciplinary team’s presence was commonly noted as best practices. On the other hand, respondents experienced difficulties with reimbursement and lack of standardization in the screening, follow-up and monitoring of patients.

Conclusion:

This survey provides a better understanding of the implementation and practices of OPAT services globally and describes best practices and the challenges from different professionals.
Case Report of Renal Calculi in a Child Receiving Imatinib for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Bamahmud Alaa , El-Sherbiny Mohamed , Jednak Roman , Muchantef Karl , Abish Sharon , Mitchell David , Vezina Catherine , Gupta Indra R.
Published: December 2023

Rationale:

Imatinib is used in the treatment of Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph+) leukemias and has been reported to have a direct effect on bone physiology.

Presentation:

To report on a child with Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia who presented with bilateral flank pain and gross hematuria.

Diagnosis:

She was diagnosed with obstructive kidney stones 101 days after commencing daily oral imatinib. Stone analysis revealed the presence of calcium phosphate.

Interventions and outcome:

The patient passed the stones spontaneously with medical therapy that included the use of thiazide, allopurinol, and potassium citrate, but she required temporary insertion of a double-J stent to relieve an obstruction.

Novel findings:

Imatinib inhibits receptor tyrosine kinases and stimulates the flux of calcium from the extracellular fluid into bone, resulting in hypocalcemia with a compensatory rise in parathyroid hormone that may result in phosphaturia and the formation of calcium phosphate stones. Given that kidney stones are rare events in children, we believe that monitoring for kidney stone formation needs to be performed in children receiving imatinib.