bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gene therapy for targeting a prenatally enriched potassium channel associated with severe childhood epilepsy and premature death
Authors: Golinski Sean , Soriano Karla , Briegel Alex , Burke Madeline , Yu Timothy , Nakayama Tojo , Hu Ruing , Smith Richard S
Published: October 2024

Dysfunction of the sodium-activated potassium channel KNa1.1 (encoded by KCNT1) is associated with a severe condition characterized by frequent seizures (up to hundreds per day) and is often fatal by age three years. We defined the early developmental onset of KNa1.1 channels in prenatal and neonatal brain tissue, establishing a timeline for pathophysiology and a window for therapeutic intervention. Using patch-clamp electrophysiology, we observed age-dependent increases in KNa1.1 K+ conductance. In neurons derived from a child with a gain-of-function KCNT1 pathogenic variant (p.R474H), we detected abnormal excitability and action potential afterhyperpolarization kinetics. In a clinical trial, two individuals with the p.R474H variant showed dramatic reductions in seizure occurrence and severity with a first-in-human antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) RNA therapy. ASO-treated p.R474H neurons in vitro exhibited normalized spiking and burst properties. Finally, we demonstrated the feasibility of ASO knockdown of KNa1.1 in mid-gestation human neurons, suggesting potential for early therapeutic intervention before the onset of epileptic encephalopathy.
Mitochondrial ETF insufficiency drives neoplastic growth by selectively optimizing cancer bioenergetics
Authors: Papadopoli David , Palia Ranveer , Jovanovic Predrag , Tabariès Sébastien , Ciccolini Emma , Sabourin Valerie , Igelmann Sebastian , McLaughlan Shannon , Zhan Lesley , Kim HaEun , Chekkal Nabila , Szkop Krzysztof J. , Bertomeu Thierry , Zeng Jibin , Vassalakis Julia , Afzali Farzaneh , Mzoughi Slim , Guccione Ernesto , Tyers Mike , Avizonis Daina , Larsson Ola , Postovit Lynne-Marie , Djuranovic Sergej , Ursini-Siegel Josie , Siegel Peter M. , Pollak Michael , Topisirovic Ivan
Published: October 2024

Mitochondrial electron transport flavoprotein (ETF) insufficiency causes metabolic diseases known as a multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD). Although essential in muscle, we identified ETF dehydrogenase (ETFDH) as one of the most dispensable metabolic genes in neoplasia, and its expression is reduced across human cancers. ETF insufficiency caused by decreased ETFDH expression limits flexibility of OXPHOS fuel utilization but paradoxically increases cancer cell bioenergetics and accelerates neoplastic growth by retrograde activation of the mTORC1/BCL-6/4E-BP1 axis. Collectively, these findings reveal that while ETF insufficiency is rare and has detrimental effects in non-malignant tissues, it is common in neoplasia, where ETFDH downregulation leads to bioenergetic and signaling reprogramming that accelerate neoplastic growth.
Chronic interferon-stimulated gene transcription promotes oncogene-induced breast cancer
Authors: Wang Hexiao , Canasto-Chibuque Claudia , Kim Jun Hyun , Hohl Marcel , Leslie Christina , Reis-Filho Jorge S. , Petrini John H.J.
Published: October 2024

The MRE11 complex (comprising MRE11, RAD50, and NBS1) is integral to the maintenance of genome stability. We previously showed that a hypomorphicMre11mutant mouse strain (Mre11ATLD1/ATLD1) was highly susceptible to oncogene-induced breast cancer. Here we used a mammary organoid system to examine which MRE11-dependent responses are tumor-suppressive. We found thatMre11ATLD1/ATLD1organoids exhibited an elevated interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) signature and sustained changes in chromatin accessibility. ThisMre11ATLD1/ATLD1phenotype depended on DNA binding of a nuclear innate immune sensor, IFI205. Ablation ofIfi205inMre11ATLD1/ATLD1organoids restored baseline and oncogene-induced chromatin accessibility patterns to those observed in WT. Implantation ofMre11ATLD1/ATLD1organoids and activation of the oncogene led to aggressive metastatic breast cancer. This outcome was reversed in implantedIfi205−/−Mre11ATLD1/ATLD1organoids. These data reveal a connection between innate immune signaling and tumor development in the mammary epithelium. Given the abundance of aberrant DNA structures that arise in the context of genome instability syndromes, the data further suggest that cancer predisposition in those contexts may be partially attributable to chronic innate immune transcriptional programs.
Rescuing the primordial black holes all-dark matter hypothesis from the fast radio bursts tension
Authors: Amaral Dorian W. P. , Schiappacasse Enrico D.
Published: October 2024

Primordial black holes (PBHs) as an all-dark matter (DM) hypothesis has recently been demotivated by the prediction that these objects would source an excessive rate of fast radio bursts (FRBs). However, these predictions were based on several simplifying assumptions to which this rate is highly sensitive. In this article, we improve previous estimates of this rate arising from the capture of PBHs by neutron stars (NSs), aiming to revitalise this theory. We more accurately compute the velocity distribution functions of PBHs and NSs and also consider an enhancement in the NS and DM density profiles at galactic centers due to the presence of a central supermassive black hole. We find that previous estimates of the rate of FRBs sourced by the capture of PBHs by NSs were 3 orders of magnitude too large, concluding that the PBHs as all DM hypothesis remains a viable theory and that the observed FRB rate can only be entirely explained when considering a central, sufficiently spiky PBH density profile.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Toward coherent quantum computation of scattering amplitudes with a measurement-based photonic quantum processor
Authors: Briceño Raúl A. , Edwards Robert G. , Eaton Miller , González-Arciniegas Carlos , Pfister Olivier , Siopsis George
Published: October 2024

In recent years, applications of quantum simulation have been developed to study the properties of strongly interacting theories. This has been driven by two factors: on the one hand, needs from theorists to have access to physical observables that are prohibitively difficult to study using classical computing; on the other hand, quantum hardware becoming increasingly reliable and scalable to larger systems. In this work, we discuss the feasibility of using quantum optical simulation for studying scattering observables that are presently inaccessible via lattice QCD and are at the core of the experimental program at Jefferson Laboratory, the future Electron-Ion Collider, and other accelerator facilities. We show that recent progress in measurement-based photonic quantum computing can be leveraged to provide deterministic generation of required exotic gates and implementation in a single photonic quantum processor.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Feedback-based quantum algorithm inspired by counterdiabatic driving
Authors: Malla Rajesh K. , Sukeno Hiroki , Yu Hongye , Wei Tzu-Chieh , Weichselbaum Andreas , Konik Robert M.
Published: October 2024

In recent quantum algorithmic developments, a feedback-based approach has shown promise for preparing quantum many-body system ground states and solving combinatorial optimization problems. This method utilizes quantum Lyapunov control to iteratively construct quantum circuits. Here, we propose a substantial enhancement by implementing a protocol that uses ideas from quantum Lyapunov control and the counterdiabatic driving protocol, a key concept from quantum adiabaticity. Our approach introduces an additional control field inspired by counterdiabatic driving. We apply our algorithm to prepare ground states in one-dimensional quantum Ising spin chains. Comprehensive simulations demonstrate a remarkable acceleration in population transfer to low-energy states within a significantly reduced time frame compared to conventional feedback-based quantum algorithms. This acceleration translates to a reduced quantum circuit depth, a critical metric for potential quantum computer implementation. We validate our algorithm on the IBM cloud computer, highlighting its efficacy in expediting quantum computations for many-body systems and combinatorial optimization problems.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Ultrastrong linear optomechanical interaction
Authors: Dare Kahan , Hansen Jannek J. , Coroli Iurie , Johnson Aisling , Aspelmeyer Markus , Delić Uroš
Published: October 2024

Light-matter interaction in the ultrastrong coupling regime can be used to generate exotic ground states with two-mode squeezing and may be useful for quantum-enhanced sensing. Current demonstrations of ultrastrong coupling have been performed in fundamentally nonlinear systems. We report a cavity optomechanical system that operates in the linear coupling regime, reaching a maximum coupling of gx/Ωx=0.55±0.02. Such a system is inherently unstable, which may in the future enable strong mechanical squeezing.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
ESG rating disagreements and stock price crash risk: can distraction, regional digital economy and corporate intelligence maturity play important roles?
Authors: Li Yiyuan
Published: October 2024

Purpose

ESG issues are gaining increasing attention from investors, but the environmental, social and governance (ESG) rating disagreement caused by different standards of rating agencies misleads investors' investment decisions. This can lead to an increased risk of stock price crashes, causing turbulence in the financial markets and reducing investors' confidence. The paper investigates whether ESG rating disagreement of the current period increases stock price crash risk and the mechanism to mitigate this impact.

Design/methodology/approach

With the sample of the listed companies of Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges from 2010 to 2022 this paper examines the impact of ESG rating disagreement itself on stock price crash risk. Moreover, this paper examines the mechanisms by analyzing the moderating effect of distraction of investors; digital economy and corporate intelligence maturity.

Findings

This paper finds that ESG rating disagreement itself would amplify the stock price crash risk. When exploring the moderating effect of institutional investors' distraction, digital economic development level and corporate intelligence, the paper found that they would mitigate the impact of ESG rating disagreement on stock price crash risk. The relationship between ESG rating disagreement and stock price crash risk is more pronounced in the context of heavily-polluted, state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and enterprises with star analysts.

Originality/value

Currently, few articles discuss ESG rating disagreement, especially the impact of current ESG rating disagreement on stock price crash risk. This paper focuses on this topic and provides strategies to mitigate the impact of current ESG rating divergence on stock price crash risk.
Exploring market-wide herding behavior in the major stock markets of Latin America
Authors: Lobão Júlio , Almeida Benedita
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This paper investigates market-wide herding behavior among investors in the stock markets of Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Mexico from January 2013 to December 2022.

Design/methodology/approach

We analyze a survivor-bias-free dataset of daily stock returns, employing a measure reflecting the cross-sectional deviation of stock returns relative to market consensus.

Findings

Significant anti-herding is observed in Brazil and Mexico, while Chile and Colombia show results consistent with rational asset pricing models. The COVID-19 pandemic generally intensifies anti-herding trends. Additionally, significant asymmetries in herding/anti-herding effects are noted during different market trends and volatility levels. Furthermore, we identify the drivers of this phenomenon, revealing that extreme crude oil price movements are associated with more pronounced anti-herding, and herding/anti-herding effects appear synchronized across all four markets.

Practical implications

Our findings regarding synchronization in herding dynamics suggest challenges in realizing the desired benefits of international diversification in the region.

Social implications

The significant cross-country effects indicate that herding dynamics may play a crucial role in precipitating regional financial crises.

Originality/value

For the first time, we examine various features of herding behavior in the sample markets, including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, psychological and economic drivers of the phenomenon and synchronization in herding dynamics among the four markets.
Exploring Savico’s journey: dynamic capabilities and Industry 4.0 integration in organisation–industry actor relationships
Authors: Nguyen Ngan Mai , Duarte Alonso Abel , Vu Oanh Thi Kim , Nguyen Trung Thanh , Akbari Mohammadreza
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The purpose of the study is to enhance the extant empirical and conceptual understanding of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) adoption and its repercussions for an organisation operating in an emerging economy, considering the dynamic capabilities framework. The study investigates (1) the potential impact of the I4.0 phenomenon on relationships between organisations and industry actors, (2) the existing effects of I4.0 on these relationships and (3) the necessary measures for organisations to unlock the full potential of I4.0 in order to enhance and reinforce these relationships.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative method was used. Semi-structured, open-ended face-to-face and online interviews were conducted with 18 directors, managers and chief executive officers (CEOs) of Savico, a leading Vietnamese car dealership.

Findings

The analysis revealed various dimensions highlighting impacts on organisation–industry actor relationships. For instance, the “enhancing internal/external operations” dimension highlights the significance of benefitting the company’s close stakeholders through a centralised management system or more advanced functions, while the empowering-nimble outcomes dimension underlines the benefits of I4.0 in enabling performance-based choices and staff empowerment.

Practical implications

Technological phenomena such as the I4.0 regime require constant adaptive strategies, including knowledge acquisition and talent development. Thus, the study has implications for industry stakeholders, including companies, educational institutions and government agencies.

Originality/value

The study’s key value lies in proposing a model that provides conceptual depth into organisation–industry actor relationships. Furthermore, both the analysis and the model can guide researchers in future attempts to examine dynamic capabilities among firms operating in emerging economies, with important practical and theoretical implications.
Understanding the evolution of engagement with brand posts on social media using agent-based models
Authors: Gurazada Pavankumar , Maity Moutusy
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to delineate the nature of the costs associated with the diffusion of brand posts. Since cost is an essential component of customer lifetime value, this research also aims to identify factors that impact consumer engagement (CE) with brand posts.

Design/methodology/approach

This study conceptualize marginal cost of CE as the ratio of a unit change in cost for a unit change in CE – this ratio is conceptualized for a paid brand post compared to an organic brand post. The authors present a theoretically grounded simulation method that analyzes the relative impact of several factors that influence CE with brand posts. By using an agent-based simulation model, the method presented in this paper helps explain the relative impact of four factors on CE with brand posts on social media.

Findings

The authors explain four factors that influence the diffusion of CE with a brand post – promotion-related (i.e. whether it is paid vs organic), network-related, user-related and active periods. The authors also show that the effectiveness of paid posts vs organic posts attributed to a better audience assembled by the seeding algorithms dissipates after the initial stages of diffusion. These findings indicate that paid posts are effective vs organic posts in large part due to higher exposure than due to the efficiency of the algorithms to assemble nodes that are likely to engage with the post.

Research limitations/implications

An agent-based model details the impact of several factors that influence the effectiveness of paid and organic posts and presents methods to analyze the impact of these factors that have implications for theory.

Practical implications

The authors address the difficulty in ascertaining the effectiveness of paid posts by proposing a metric – marginal cost of engagement, defined as the incremental cost incurred by the marketer in earning one additional unit of CE. Since the costs incurred on paid and organic posts differ only on variable components, the marginal cost of engagement presents a way to benchmark paid posts against organic posts, which is very useful for managers in ascertaining the amount to spend on paid posts on social media.

Originality/value

There is little prior research on the costs involved in the diffusion of brand posts on social media. Identifying specific factors that impact costs is valuable for theory and practice.
Does AI need guardrails?
Authors: Mulahuwaish Aos , El-Khoury Moufid , Qolomany Basheer , Bou Abdo Jacques , Zeadally Sherali
Published: October 2024

Purpose

As the realm of artificial intelligence (AI) expands, its societal implications soar. Today, society actively debates its rollout – yet such discourse often permeates news articles and social media unobjectively and without rigorous peer review. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the most pressing concerns associated with AI development and deployment.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper proposes a tripartite framework as a strategic guide and guardrail for AI’s evolution.

Findings

This robust framework addresses challenges, mitigates potential risks and harnesses AI opportunities for our shared future.

Originality/value

A policy-techno-legal framework for understanding key AI challenges and foundations for building AI guardrails.
The value of augmented reality: exploring hedonic and utilitarian augmented reality experiences
Authors: tom Dieck M. Claudia , Krey Nina , Cranmer Eleanor
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The current study explores two distinct augmented reality (AR) experiences (hedonic and utilitarian) to determine the drivers of satisfaction and word-of-mouth (WOM). Specifically, this research investigates how different AR characteristics (person–virtual environment (VE) interaction, novelty) impact reality congruence and immersion, which ultimately lead to satisfaction and WOM.

Design/methodology/approach

We tested the proposed model using a US consumer sample (N = 401) by applying partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to reveal differences across the AR experiences regarding the mediating effects of immersion and reality congruence. Furthermore, we administered PLS-SEM multigroup analysis to identify differences for hedonic and utilitarian AR experiences.

Findings

This study provides important insights into the use of AR to create value-driven consumer experiences and outcome behaviors. Interacting with the virtual environment (VE) enhances immersion for hedonic AR experiences while it leads to higher levels of reality congruence for utilitarian AR experiences. While established relationships such as novelty to immersion continue to be significant, new constructs such as person–VE interaction and reality congruence immerge as stronger influences.

Originality/value

To date, most studies have implemented apps such as IKEA Place and have considered value as one comprehensive construct. However, limited research has examined differences in hedonic and utilitarian AR experiences. The current findings enhance the understanding of utilizing value-driven consumer experiences within the AR context to achieve desirable outcome behaviors.
The future of tourism: interview with Peter Bishop about teaching the future
Authors: Postma Albert , Bishop Peter C.
Published: October 2024

Purpose

As the Journal of Tourism Futures celebrates its tenth anniversary, Dr Albert Postma interviews Dr Peter Bishop, an expert on teaching the future. The interview was held on July 25, 2024.

Design/methodology/approach

A personal interview.

Findings

The interview provides insights into the importance of teaching the future, the evolution in teaching the future, competencies and skills that the teaching focuses on, challenges of teaching the future in the current era and the role of AI.

Originality/value

Bishop shares his expertise on the development of teaching the future, its key features and its challenges in the current era.
Application of a decision tree approach to predict energy consumption in lightweight buildings under subtropical climate
Authors: Zara Rafaela Benan , Moro Guilherme Natal , Martins Rodrigo dos Santos Veloso , Giglio Thalita Gorban Ferreira
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Lightweight building systems have emerged as alternatives to reduce the high environmental impact of conventional masonry. However, in subtropical climates, the low thermal inertia of lightweight envelopes negatively affects energy performance. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the thermophysical parameters that influence heating and cooling energy consumption in lightweight residential buildings under subtropical climates and develop a model to predict these parameters using statistical and machine learning tools.

Design/methodology/approach

A database was created with computer simulation data on the energy performance of 2048 building conditions generated by factorial combination of 10 parameters. Sensitivity analysis was performed to identify which parameters contribute most to energy performance indicators. Subsequently, decision trees were created using a classification and regression tree (CART) algorithm to visualize parameters and improve energy performance indicators, particularly cooling energy consumption.

Findings

Low thermal transmittance and ground contact are interesting strategies for low thermal capacity buildings. Furthermore, the findings showed that relying only on the most influential properties does not ensure good energy performance; rather, it is the adequate combination of envelope properties that leads to good energy efficiency. The tree developed by CART can be used as a guide to assist designers and researchers in the initial selection of building envelopes, demonstrating the impact of each choice on electrical energy consumption for indoor climate control.

Originality/value

By adopting a global approach to assess the thermal performance of lightweight buildings, this study makes a significant contribution to synthesizing the results of a complex and time-consuming methodology into a guide for optimizing envelope design decisions and directing efforts and resources toward efficient strategies.
Investor attention and market activity: evidence from green cryptocurrencies
Authors: Ahmed Mohamed Shaker , Helmi Mohamad Husam , Tiwari Aviral Kumar , Al-Maadid Alanoud
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the relationship between investor attention and market activity (return, volatility and volume) using a sample of 14 clean energy cryptocurrencies (hereafter green cryptocurrency), namely, Chia, Cardano, Stellar, Tron, Ripple, Nano, IOTA, EOS, Bitcoin Green, Alogrand, Hedara, Polkadot, FLOW and Tezos.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper use 26040 crypto-day observations and a range of econometric techniques, including Dynamic Granger causality, Panel vector autoregression (VAR), Impulse response function and the decomposition of forecast error variance.

Findings

Based on 26040 crypto-day observations, this paper finds a bidirectional Granger causal relationship between investor attention and all measures of market activity, namely, return, absolute volatility, squared volatility and volume. The panel VAR and impulse response function demonstrate that market activity in the green crypto ecosystem, especially volatility and volume, is considerably responsive to changes in investor attention proxied by Google search volume (hereafter Google search volume (GSV)). The findings also demonstrate a significant asymmetric effect of return and volume on investor attention since past negative shocks “or bad news” in return and volume are more likely to grab the investor’s attention. All in all, our study emphasizes the crucial role of investor attention in the green crypto ecosystem.

Originality/value

(i) The research is the first to shed light on investor attention in the green cryptocurrency market. (ii) The paper uses a wide range of green cryptocurrencies to offer a comprehensive picture of the green cryptocurrency ecosystem. (iii) This paper is the first to use the panel Granger causality to investigate investor attention in the cryptocurrency market which provides several advantages over the conventional Granger causality approach. (iv) This paper is the first to provide novel empirical evidence on the prevalent influence of investor attention in the green crypto market.
Mutualistic interactions facilitate invasive species spread
Authors: Devenish Adam J. M. , Newton Rosemary J. , Midgley Jeremy J. , Colville Louise , Bridle Jon , Sumner Seirian
Published: October 2024

Invasive species are major drivers of global ecosystem change. They often displace native species through competitive exclusion, creating novel species interactions. These interactions can lead to ecological cascades, where the presence of one invasive species enhances the fitness of another. Despite this, the mechanisms that underpin these mutualistic interactions and promote secondary invasions remain poorly understood.

We assessed how the introduction of the invasive Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) alters mutualistic interactions within the recipient community, enhancing the dispersal and fitness of species of a secondary invasive plant genus (Acacia spp.). Our study examines these interactions at the community, individual species, and trait levels for a range of native and non‐native ant and plant species. Specifically, we aimed to investigate the direct and indirect effects of L. humile on seed dispersal mutualisms.

We found that in L. humile invaded locations, seeds of the invasive Acacia plant species were approximately three times more likely to be dispersed than seeds of native endemic plant species. This preference is driven by indirect changes in the community structure of native seed‐dispersing ants, rather than direct interactions between the invasive ant and plant species. Moreover, we found that native ant species that co‐exist with L. humile, such as Tetramorium sericeiventre, respond to a narrower range of seed traits—traits which the invasive Acacia seeds possess.

Our findings suggest that the invasion of L. humile has cascading effects on ant‐plant mutualisms, potentially increasing community permeability to secondary invasions. These results highlight that the impact of invaders like the Argentine ant may be greater than initially perceived, driving losses in both biological and functional plant diversity.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Three methods of visco‐acoustic migration based on the De Wolf approximation and comparison of their migration images
Authors: Sun Huachao , Sun Jianguo , Gao Zhenghui
Published: October 2024

The viscosity of a medium affects the amplitude attenuation and velocity dispersion of seismic waves. Therefore, it is necessary to consider these factors during migration. First, to eliminate the viscous effect of a medium, we combine the Futterman model with the integral equation of the De Wolf approximation to construct a compensation operator of the De Wolf approximation for a visco‐acoustic medium. Next, we use the visco‐acoustic screen approximation method to realize the continuation operator then establish a prestack depth migration algorithm. Finally, an error analysis, impulse response test and model test are performed. The results show that three different generalized visco‐acoustic screen methods (phase screen method, generalized screen method and extended local Born Fourier method) can satisfactorily compensate for the attenuation of deep interface amplitude. Among these methods, the visco‐acoustic extended local Born Fourier method has the highest accuracy and the best compensation effect.
Personalized, performance‐specific speech intervention in children with a cleft palate: A systematic review protocol
Authors: Alighieri Cassandra , Bettens Kim , Vandewiele Febe , Van Lierde Kristiane
Published: October 2024

Background

The provision of speech intervention in children requires personalized, child‐tailored approaches. Different speech‐intervention approaches exist to eliminate cleft‐related speech errors in children with a cleft palate. However, it is unclear what approach works best for the subtypes of cleft‐related speech errors.

Aims

To describe a protocol for a systematic review that provides speech–language pathologists with the current literature concerning more individualized speech intervention in children with a cleft palate.

Methods & Procedures

A systematic literature review was performed following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses. Two speech–language pathologists with clinical and scientific experience in cleft speech searched different electronic databases for relevant studies. No limit regarding publication date was set. Specific eligibility criteria were defined and used to include or exclude the studies. All included studies were evaluated with a risk‐of‐bias assessment tool and levels of evidence. Relevant data were extracted from the studies (study design, study population characteristics, intervention characteristics and outcome characteristics) and a narrative synthesis was performed.

Conclusions & Implications

The findings of this systematic review will significantly contribute to the evidence on personalized speech intervention in children with a cleft palate. The study will inform speech–language pathologists on the possibilities to tailor treatment plans more to the specific subtype of cleft‐related speech errors. The planned systematic review also makes recommendations for further cleft speech intervention research.

WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS

What is already known on this subject

At present, there is growing evidence for different speech therapy approaches in children with a cleft palate. Despite the recognized need for personalized, child‐tailored therapy, there is no consensus on the best speech therapy approach per different subtype of compensatory cleft speech characteristic.

What this study adds to the existing knowledge

This paper provides a protocol for a systematic literature review of this topic. Specifically, it searches the literature for the use of personalized speech therapy approaches in children with different subtypes of compensatory cleft speech characteristics.

What are the practical and clinical implications of this work?

The systematic literature review provides speech–language pathologists with the current literature concerning personalized, performance‐specific speech intervention in children with a cleft palate. Besides, the results will support therapy decision‐making in children with a cleft palate in different speech‐related clinical contexts.
How green strategies and policies influence production‐based emissions, industrial development and sustainable development goals?
Authors: Liu Haoran , Jiang Yunfei , Khurshid Adnan , Saleem Sardar Fawad , Calin Adrian Cantemir
Published: October 2024

Sustainable development is a global imperative; however, it is unattainable without a transformation of the production sector. Therefore, the study examines the impact of green strategies [Industrial innovation, Eco‐tech imports‐IMPT, and Green finances‐GFN] and policy interventions [Environmental policy‐EPY and Environmental taxes‐ETX] on production‐based emissions (PBE), industrial value addition (IVA), and sustainable development goals (SDG). The study covers the years 1990–2022 and focuses on 25 European nations. In addition, the pooled mean grouped (PMG)‐ARDL and mean group (MG) techniques were used to assess the short‐ and long‐term parameters. The country‐specific relationships are evaluated using the Bootstrap Granger Causality test. The results affirm that green strategies and policy interventions mitigated PBE and increased the IVA and SDG in Europe. However, globalization and energy use increase the PBE and IVA while impeding progress toward the SDGs. The mitigation technologies fueled with green energy (MPRE) came out as the ultimate solution, which requires green technologies and sustainable practices across all sectors. Therefore, it is suggested that governments implement eco‐friendly policies that boost GFN, reduce pollution, increase green output, and meet the Sustainable Development Goals.
The use and impact of pathology tests in emergency department patients with mental health‐related complaints: A cross sectional study
Authors: Brouillard Daniel , Melville Geoffrey , Lam Mary K , Woods Jessie , Martoo James , Wilkie Gabrielle , Makoni Hughes , Rahman Ataur , Odigboh Emezie , Carrigan Thomas , Binks Simon , Fielding Naomi , Curtis Kate
Published: October 2024

Objective

To evaluate the use and impact of pathology tests in patients who present to the ED with mental health‐related complaints. The primary objective is to measure the proportion of patients undergoing pathology tests and assess whether these tests trigger a change in management.

Methods

In this retrospective study, we reviewed all recorded mental health presentations to our regional ED between January and June 2021. Patient characteristics, pathology tests, subsequent change in management, treatment costs and time to Emergency Physician and Psychiatrist were extracted. Descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis were used to explore associations between variables of interest, ED length of stay (LOS) and change in management.

Results

Of 37 900 ED visits, 1462 (3.9%) were mental health‐related presentations. Pathology tests were conducted in 47.7% of cases, with 3% leading to a change in management. Pathology tests were associated with increased treatment costs (45% increase for blood tests, 17% for urine), and increased ED LOS (48%). Patients with coexisting medical conditions were three times more likely to have a change in management.

Conclusion

Pathology tests should be reserved for patients with high‐risk features and based on clinical assessment. Strategic use of pathology tests could avoid unnecessary delays and costs, enhancing patient care in mental health‐related ED presentations.
BPIFA1 alleviates allergic rhinitis by regulating the NF‐κB signaling pathway and Treg/Th17 balance
Authors: Yang Ying , Li Shidong , Xu Hongyan
Published: October 2024

Aim

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an allergic condition characterized by inflammation of the nasal mucosa. Bacterial permeability‐increasing family member A1 (BPIFA1) exhibits anti‐inflammatory properties; however, its impact on AR remains unclear. Aim of this study is to investigate the expression and function of BPIFA1 in AR and its influence on inflammation and immune regulation in a mouse model of AR induced by ovalbumin (OVA).

Methods

The expression of BPIFA1 was analyzed using quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Morphological assessments of nasal mucosal tissues were conducted. Levels of inflammatory mediators in nasal lavage fluid (NALF) and serum were quantified using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Protein expressions of BPIFA1, phosphorylated and total p65 (p‐p65/p65), and IκBα were evaluated through Western blot analysis. The total cell counts, including epithelial cells, eosinophils, and lymphocytes in NALF, were determined using a hemocytometer. A mouse model of AR was established by OVA management.

Results

BPIFA1 expression was found to be reduced in the nasal mucosa tissues of patients with AR, suggesting a potential role in the disease's progression. We successfully developed a mouse model of AR, where BPIFA1 was similarly downregulated, indicating its possible involvement in modulating the NF‐κB signaling pathway. Overexpression of BPIFA1 in this model attenuated inflammation and allergic responses by inhibiting the NF‐κB pathway. Additionally, overexpression of BPIFA1 promoted the differentiation of regulatory T cells (Treg) and inhibited the differentiation of T helper 17 cells (Th17) in the NALF of AR mice, further demonstrating its regulatory impact on immune responses. The study confirmed that BPIFA1 upregulation reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF‐α and IL‐6, decreased infiltration of inflammatory cells, and modulated antigen‐specific immunoglobulin levels and histamine in serum.

Conclusion

BPIFA1 mitigated both inflammatory and allergic responses in AR mice induced by OVA through the modulation of the NF‐κB signaling pathway and the balance between regulatory T cells (Treg) and T helper 17 cells (Th17). These findings suggest that BPIFA1 could serve as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for AR, offering potential for the development of targeted treatments to improve patient outcomes.
Dissecting the lottery‐like anomaly: Evidence from China
Authors: Gu Ming , Hu Yi , Xiong Zhitao
Published: October 2024

This paper dissects the lottery‐like anomaly in Chinese A‐share stocks by decomposing total stock returns into overnight and intraday returns. Our findings indicate that negative overnight returns are concentrated among lottery‐like stocks, and the lottery‐like anomaly is primarily driven by the overnight return component. Considering the unique institutional features of China, we further show that the lottery‐like anomaly induced by overnight returns is more pronounced in stocks with a high gambling preference among retail investors and high limits of arbitrage. Overall, our results suggest that investors' optimism and trading constraints have a substantial impact on market efficiency in China.
Acid‐etching protocol for bioceramic cements: Evaluation of bond strength, compression and morphology
Authors: Cosenza Paula , Limoeiro Ana Grasiela , Nascimento Wayne Martins , Marceliano‐Alves Marilia Fagury Videira , Soares Adriana de Jesus , Correr Américo Bortolazzo , Souza Alana Pinto Carôso , Frozoni Marcos , Matta Aline Cristine Gomes
Published: October 2024

To establish an acid‐etching protocol for Biodentine and Cimmo DTA, evaluating compressive strength, bond strength, surface morphology in scanning electron microscope and failure modes after different etching times. Two test specimens were prepared for each cement and divided into four groups (n = 12) according to the acid‐etching time (0, 5, 10 and 15 s). Compressive strength was tested using a universal testing machine, while bond strength was evaluated after bonding with Filtek Bulk Flow resin using Universal ESPE Single Bond adhesive. Failures were classified as surface‐adhesive, cement‐cohesive, resin‐cohesive and mixed. Biodentine showed significantly higher compressive strength than Cimmo DTA (p < 0.001), regardless of acid etch time (p < 0.001). Different acid‐etching strategies are required for Biodentine and Cimmo DTA, with Biodentine requiring selective etching and Cimmo DTA requiring a full 15‐s etch to optimise bond strength properties.
Irisin as a marker of hepatic steatosis in children with metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease
Authors: Zdanowicz Katarzyna , Kopiczko Natalia , Flisiak‐Jackiewicz Marta , Bobrus‐Chociej Anna , Kowalczuk‐Kryston Monika , Lebensztejn Dariusz Marek
Published: October 2024

Aim

The purpose of this study was to evaluate irisin, myonectin and high‐sensitivity interleukin‐6 (hs IL‐6) levels in obese children and adolescents and to determine the association of these parameters with metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in children.

Methods

Sixty‐one overweight/obese children with suspected liver disease and seventeen healthy controls were included in the study. MASLD was diagnosed according to the latest consensus. Circulating irisin, myonectin and hs IL‐6 were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results

The study group included 38 children meeting MASLD criteria and 23 children without diagnosed hepatic steatosis. The concentrations of the analysed myokines were comparable in the MASLD and non‐MASLD groups. Patients with MASLD were further divided according to the severity of hepatic steatosis. Significantly higher levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyltransferase, uric acid and irisin were observed in patients with severe hepatic steatosis compared to mild hepatic steatosis. There were borderline statistically significant positive correlations of irisin with ALT and AST.

Conclusion

We revealed that elevated irisin levels were associated with the degree of hepatic steatosis in MASLD. We also found a borderline significant positive association of irisin with liver enzymes.
Early‐Life Infections, Antibiotics and Later Risk of Childhood and Early Adult‐Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Pooled Analysis of Two Scandinavian Birth Cohorts
Authors: Mårild Karl , Lerchova Tereza , Östensson Malin , Imberg Henrik , Størdal Ketil , Ludvigsson Johnny
Published: October 2024

Background

Childhood antibiotic use has been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), although the potential contribution of infection frequency remains uncertain.

Aims

To explore the association between early‐life infections, antibiotics and IBD development.

Methods

We used population‐based data from ABIS (Sweden) and MoBa (Norway) cohorts following children from birth (1997–2009) until 2021. Prospectively collected questionnaires identified infection frequency (any, gastrointestinal and respiratory) and antibiotics (any, penicillin and non‐penicillin) until age 3. IBD diagnosis required ≥ 2 records in national health registries. Cohort‐specific hazard ratios (aHR), adjusted for parental education, smoking and IBD were estimated and pooled using a random‐effects model. Antibiotic analyses were adjusted for infection frequency.

Results

There were 103,046 children (11,872 ABIS and 91,174 MoBa), contributing to 1,663,898 person‐years of follow‐up, during which 395 were diagnosed with IBD. The frequency of any infection at 0 to < 1 and 1 to < 3 years showed a pooled aHR of 1.01 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.96–1.07) and 1.00 (95% CI = 0.99–1.01) per additional infection for IBD. Adjusting for infections, any versus no antibiotics in the first year was associated with IBD (pooled aHR = 1.33 [95% CI = 1.01–1.76]). The aHR for additional antibiotic course was 1.17 (95% CI = 0.96–1.44), driven by penicillin (per additional course, aHR = 1.28 [95% CI = 1.02–1.60]). Although antibiotics at 1 to < 3 years did not show an association with IBD or Crohn's disease, non‐penicillin antibiotics were associated with ulcerative colitis (per additional course, aHR = 1.95 [95% CI = 1.38–2.75]).

Conclusion

Early‐life antibiotic use was, a significant risk factor for childhood and early adult‐onset IBD, independent of infection frequency.
Factors influencing unrelated stem cell donation a mixed‐methods integrated systematic review
Authors: Forbes Jessica , Rice Paul , Groarke Jenny , Berry Emma , Graham Henrietta , Graham‐Wisener Lisa
Published: October 2024

Purpose

There is an imbalance between demand for and availability of stem cell donors worldwide. The purpose of this systematic review is to provide the first comprehensive understanding of facilitators and barriers influencing unrelated stem cell donation (USCD) in adults, through a data synthesis of qualitative and quantitative evidence. Identification of the facilitators and barriers associated with stem cell donation intention and behaviour is essential to inform the development of behaviour change interventions to meet the current demand.

Methods

Four databases were searched (Embase, PsycINFO, MEDLINE and CINAHL) and the last search was in February 2021. The search was limited to studies written in English and published from 1980 to present. Screening, quality assessment, data extraction and data synthesis incorporating the COM‐B model were undertaken in line with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for an integrated mixed‐methods review.

Results

Fifty studies were included in the review, analysis and mapping produced four integrated findings. Donation‐related knowledge was a facilitator and conversely, lack of knowledge was a barrier to donation related behaviours. Perceived convenience, positive social influences, religious beliefs and the accessibility of positive donation‐related social norms promoted positive donation related behaviours. Altruism and sense of duty were the most commonly cited motives for donation related behaviours.Through mapping to the COM‐B model, Communication/Marketing, and Service Provision are the primary policy categories that can be used to change donation related behaviours.

Conclusion

Future interventions should focus on targeted education regarding unrelated stem cell donation and creating recruitment campaigns that emphasise the life‐saving potential of donation.
Surface Cutting and Flattening to Target Shapes
Authors: Li Yuanhao , Wu Wenzheng , Liu Ligang
Published: October 2024

We introduce a novel framework for surface cutting and flattening, aiming to align the boundary of planar parameterization with a target shape. Diverging from traditional methods focused on minimizing distortion, we intend to also achieve shape similarity between the parameterized mesh and a specific planar target, which is important in some applications of art design and texture mapping. However, with existing methods commonly limited to ellipsoidal surfaces, it still remains a challenge to solve this problem on general surfaces. Our framework models the general case as a joint optimization of cuts and parameterization, guided by a novel metric assessing shape similarity. To circumvent the common issue of local minima, we introduce an extra global seam updating strategy which is guided by the target shape. Experimental results show that our framework not only aligns with previous approaches on ellipsoidal surfaces but also achieves satisfactory results on more complex ones.