bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphological and Propagation Studies in some Chiuri types of Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Sudhir , Chikanbanjar Roshan , Bhandari Nirajan , Pun Umed Kumar
Published: December 2024

Diploknema butyracea (Chiuri) is a multi-use, under-utilized but economically and environmentally important native fruit tree species of Nepal.  Earlier, four types of Chiuri were reported in Makwanpur district but recently about eight types has been reported from across the country. The main objective of the research was to study the morphology and propagation of six different types of Chiuri in Nepal. Leaves of six types of one year old grafted Chiuri was assessed, and vegetative propagation was tested in three types of Chiuri with side grafting and cleft grafting and during February, May, July, August and September 2021.  Morphology of leaves showed differences in the pattern of leaves suggesting difference among them.  Cleft grafting (47.7%) was found more effective than side grafting (41.7%) and early/mid-types were more responsive to grafting in contrast to late type.   The best time for grafting early type of Chiuri was mid-July and not effective after August and before the month of May.  Days to bud brust and first leaf opening was found earlier in cleft graft than side graft.  Besides, the number of leaf was also higher in cleft graft in contrast to side graft suggesting better graft union in cleft graft than side graft. This research was focused on studying the morphology of the six types of Chiuri from four districts (Makwanpur, Chitwan, Rolpa and Dhading) and develop appropriate propagation technique for three different types of Chiuri collected from three districts (Makwanpur, Chitwan and Dhading).
Effect of Different Moisture Conditions on Growth and Yield Attributes of Potato Varieties Grown in Lalitpur District, Nepal
Authors: Bhattarai Prakash , Chaudhary Duryodhan
Published: December 2024

Field experiments were conducted in 2015 and 2016 at Hattiban Research Farm of the National Potato Research Programme (NPRP), Khumaltar, Lalitpur (1360 masl), Nepal, to investigate the effect of varying moisture conditions on the growth, yield and quality attributes of potato varieties. The experiment was set up on sandy loam soil using a split-plot design (SPD) with three replications and included six potato varieties (Cardinal, Desiree, Kufri Jyoti, Khumal Seto-1, Janakdev and Khumal Upahar) and three moisture conditions (Irrigated, Rainfed and Drought (black plastic mulch). The results revealed that moisture conditions and potato varieties significantly influence growth, tuber yield and quality traits. Plants subjected to drought conditions with plastic mulch exhibited the tallest height (62.18 cm) and higher tuber yield (36.23 t ha-1) but lower tuber number per plant (9.84) compared to irrigated conditions (11.35). Khumal Seto-1 had the highest mean number of tubers per plant (14.71) and intermediate tuber weight (0.498 kg), while Khumal Upahar had the highest tuber yield (35.43 t ha-1) followed by Kufri Jyoti (34.8. t ha-1). Khumal Upahar had the highest specific gravity (1.072) and dry matter (22.87%), while Kufri Jyoti had the lowest (1.059) and (20.26 %) among the varieties. Varieties such as Khumal Upahar, Khumal Seto-1 and Janakdev, which exhibited enhanced growth and yield under drought conditions, could be prioritized for cultivation in water scarce regions. The application of plastic mulch may be explored as a means of reducing the adverse impacts of drought on potato growth and yield. These results help potato growers enhance production and quality in varied environments. Farmers or stakeholders may work to improve potato productivity and ensure food security in the Lalitpur condition of Nepal or similar potato-growing regions by incorporating these findings into agricultural practices.
Analysis of Profitability in Good Agriculture Practices Based Vegetable Farming System in Mid-hill Region of Nepal
Authors: Kharel Menila , Raut Nani , Dahal Bed Mani
Published: December 2024

Implementing Good Agriculture Practices (GAP) impacts both the economic viability and sustainability of vegetable production. Since income significantly influences farmers' decisions to adopt GAP, understanding the profitability of following GAP is crucial for facilitating the transition from non-GAP to GAP. This study aimed to assess the profitability of GAP farms compared to non-GAP farms in three districts of the Kathmandu Valley: Kathmandu, Lalitpur and Bhaktapur.  Altogether six farms, one GAP and one non-GAP farms from each district, were selected purposively. The GAP farms selected for this study were following GAP for more than five years. Primary data on farm characteristics were collected through pre-designed interview questionnaire. Profitability analysis of the selected farms was conducted using the Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR). The farm characteristics showed that GAP farms prioritized reducing chemical fertilizers and pesticides, while non-GAP farms relied heavily on chemical inputs. The BCR revealed that despite higher fixed and variable costs in GAP farms higher gross and net returns were observed in these farms. The GAP farms were more profitable and sustainable compared to non-GAP farms in all three districts. The highest BCR of 1.52 was observed in the GAP farm in Kathmandu, followed by 1.41 in the GAP farm in Lalitpur, and 1.23 in the GAP farm in Bhaktapur. In contrast, lower BCRs were found in non-GAP farms: 1.04 in Bhaktapur, 0.95 in Kathmandu, and 0.72 in Lalitpur, indicating a loss in the latter two farms.
Distribution, Damage Severity and Management of Dacine Fruit Flies in Nepal: A Review
Authors: Sapkota Rekha , Thapa Resham Bahadur , KC Gopal Bahadur , Bajracharya Ajaya Shree Ratna , Sharma Moha Datta , Dahal Kishor Chandra
Published: December 2024

Fruit flies are economically significant pests in horticultural crops. The diversity of dacine fruit fly species (Family: Tephritidae; Sub-family: Dacinae; Tribe: Dacini) varies depending on location, season, crop, and variety. This review explores various aspects of fruit fly management in fruits and vegetables, including their distribution across regions, districts and crops with reference to published articles, theses, proceedings and reports in Nepal. The most commonly reported genera in Nepal are Bactrocera, Zeugodacus, and Dacus. Z. cucurbitae (Coq.) and Z. tau (Walker) are reported major pests in cucurbits, while B. minax (Enderlein) reported in sweet oranges. Across these three genera, 28 fruit fly species have been reported in 31 districts (27 in the hills and 4 in the Terai). Seventeen species were reported in Kaski district, while more than 10 species reported in Chitwan, Nawalparasi, Sindhuli, Tanahun, and Kathmandu. Average damage to cucurbit crops ranged from 26-51%, with a maximum of 74% damage reported in sweet oranges. Due to the oligophagous and polyphagous nature of these species, controlling them with a localized management method is challenging in Nepal, where farmers cultivate multiple crops. Integrated management practices, including cultural, botanical, chemical pesticides, and cue-lure traps, are recommended for cucurbits, while a community-level area-wide control program is advised for sweet orange orchards.
Effect of Mulching Materials on Yield-Attributing Parameters and Bunch Yield of Cavendish Banana (Musa acuminata cv. ‘Grand Naine’)
Authors: Chalise Basant , Shrestha Arjun Kumar , Srivastava Arvind , Tripathi Kalyani Mishra
Published: December 2024

A field experiment was conducted at DoAR, Khajura, Banke, Nepal to find the effect of different types of mulching materials on yield and yield-attributing parameters of ‘Grand Naine’ banana for the two cropping periods, 2020-2021 and 2021-2022. The field was laid out in RCBD having seven treatments replicated three times. Tissue culture plants were planted at 2×2 m spacing in 16 m2 plots, where there were four plants per plot. FYM and chemical fertilizers were applied @ 20 kg and 250:250:350 g NPK per plant per crop cycle along with 0.5% ZnSO4, 0.2% FeSO4, 0.2% CuSO4, and 0.1% Borax was applied as a foliar spray at 3rd, 5th and 7th months after planting. Among the different types of mulches, the bunch length (120.60 cm), distance between first and final hand of bunch (75.50 cm), number of hands (10.00), weight of second hand (3.13 kg), finger length (22.57 cm), girth (13.75 cm), and weight (171.90 g), bunch weight (24.30 kg), and yield (60.76 t ha-1) were recorded the highest with banana leaves mulch which was closely followed by black plastic mulch. The results of the experiment revealed that as compared to un-mulched plots, mulched plots produced the better yield-attributing parameters and yield of banana. Therefore, banana growers are recommended to use banana leaves as a mulching materials for higher yield. As an alternative, black plastic mulch can used for effective moisture retention and weed control, minimizing soil erosion and higher bunch yield.
Hydrochemical Characterization and Water Quality of Perennial Rivulets (Darchula), Sudurpashchim Province, Nepal
Authors: Bohara Rupesh , Sitaula Sagar , Basnet Niru , Awasthi Mahesh Prasad , Rawal Sabin , Joshi Tark Raj , Byanju Rejina Maskey , Pant Ramesh Raj
Published: December 2024

Available with Fulltext.
Assessment and Capital Planning of a Regional Clinical Engineering Department Test Equipment Inventory
Authors: Puin Avila Samantha , Janvier Marie-Ange , Ibey Andrew
Published: December 2024

The Clinical Engineering Department at the Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) in Eastern Ontario, Canada has 9 distinct regional locations. CHEO’s regional program faces a challenge managing a fleet of 345 pieces of test equipment, mainly due to a lack of standardization. Distant regional sites share equipment, making coordination essential. This article presents three unique themes: (1) the introduction of technologist standard kits (e.g., multimeters, electrical safety analyzers, etc.) and site-based kits (e.g., ventilator, electrosurgical unit testers, etc.); (2) the optimization of kit allocation; and (3) a novel test equipment replacement strategy using Reliability, Frequency of Use, Life Expectancy, and Usage Classification criteria. This needs assessment for new equipment, and the replacement of aged equipment will ensure standardized and up-to-date test equipment that will, in turn, minimize equipment-related disruptions and improve technologist productivity.
Dose Verification for Linac-Based Stereotactic Radiosurgery planned at Different Prescription Isodose Levels Using Delta4 Phantom+
Authors: Fiagbedzi Emmanuel , Hasford Francis , Tagoe Samuel Nii
Published: December 2024

Background: Linear accelerator (LINAC)-based stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) plans and their treatment are complex techniques that require a comprehensive quality assurance program before they are clinically implemented. To cope with this intricacy, clinics must comprehensively validate treatment plans to deliver precise doses and assure patients. The study aimed to verify the treatment planning dose to the dose delivered at the LINAC during the SRS treatment planned at different prescription isodoses with the new wireless Delta4 Phantom+.Materials and Methods: Clinically accepted volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) SRS plans made with the Stereotactic End-to-End Verification (STEEV) anthropomorphic phantom were created with six different prescription isodose level using 6 MV flattening filter free (FFF) beam. All these VMAT SRS plans were replicated on the Delta4phantom+ and delivered with Varian Truebeam LINAC. The planned and delivered dose showed excellent correlation, and this was evaluated using distance to agreement (2 mm), dose deviation (2%), and gamma-index passing rate.Results: The results showed that the calculated treatment planning system (TPS) dose and the measurement with the delta4 plus phantom were in excellent accord. The minimum gamma pass rate was 99.6% and the maximum 100%. The gamma passing rate above 95% for all plans and dose goals were achieved. Conclusion: The verification with the Delta4 Phantom+ measurement depicted an excellent correlation with the dose of the SRS treatment plans for the different prescription isodose levels. The wireless Delta 4Phantom+ device is precise and consistent. It is a quickly set-up device, suitable for SRS treatment verification and allows for real-time measurement. However, we do recommend a stricter passing rate for VMAT SRS Plans.
Kudüs’ün Kültürel Miras Alanlarında Artırılmış Gerçeklik ve Sanal Gerçeklik Teknolojilerinin Uygulanabilirliği Üzerine bir Araştırma
Authors: Ataman Doğan , Nehir Ahmet
Published: December 2024

Artırılmış gerçeklik ve sanal gerçeklik uygulamaları kültürel miras alanlarını yorumlama, sınıflandırma ve yapılı çevrenin anlamlandırılmasına yardımcı olmaktadır. Turizm literatüründe bu uygulamaların kullanılması yaşanacak değişim ve rekabet avantajı sağlama açısından önemli olmaktadır. Bundan dolayı, dünya çapında kültürel miras alanlarında birçok artırılmış gerçeklik ve sanal gerçeklik uygulamaları hayata geçirilmeye başlanmıştır. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmada, Kudüs’teki artırılmış gerçeklik ve sanal gerçeklik uygulamalarının uygulanabileceği müzeler, kiliseler, camiler, kaleler ve ören yerleri gibi kültürel miras alanlarının tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Artırılmış gerçeklik ve sanal gerçeklik uygulamalarının kültürel miras alanlarında kullanılması bu değerlerin korunması, gelecek nesillere aktarımı ve turist memnuniyetini artırmak amacıyla uygulandığı görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda, Kudüs’ün kültürel miras alanlarında artırılmış gerçeklik ve sanal gerçeklik teknolojilerinin uygulanıp uygulanmayacağı sorgulanırken diğer yandan kültürel miras yapılarının gelecek kuşaklara aktarılması konusunda farkındalık yaratması amaçlanarak bu çalışmanın ilgili literatüre önemli bir katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Çalışma sonucunda bu teknolojilerin Kudüs’teki kültürel miras alanlarında kullanılmasına dönük öneriler sunulmuştur.
Zor bir Coğrafyanın Değişim Anahtarı Demokrasi ve Otoriterlik Arasında: İsrail
Authors: Çevik Selman
Published: December 2024

“İsrail”, kurulduğu günden bugüne Ortadoğu coğrafyasında önemli birçok gelişmeyi tetikleyen olaylar silsilesinin başını çeken bir konumda bulunmaktadır. Yahudi tarihine bakıldığında, dünyadaki önemli kırılma noktalarına bir şekilde temas eden bir topluluğun olduğu görülecektir. Ortadoğu coğrafyasının aynı şekilde bu tarihi misyonu taşıması, İsrail’in kuruluşu ve öncesine kadar giden süreçle birlikte dikkat çekici anlamları ihtiva etmektedir. Bu çalışmada İsrail’in tarihi, Yahudilerin dünya tarihinde geçirdikleri süreçler ve bunların ilişkisel boyutları tartışılırken, bugün İsrail’in üzerine kurulduğu dinamikler ve kurucu aklın şekillendirdiği olgular demokrasi- otoriterlik arasında sıkışmış bir ülkeyi ortaya koymaktadır. Yahudi Aydınlanması adı verilen “Haskala’dan”, İsrail’in diasporası ile ilişkisine varıncaya kadar farklı boyutlarıyla bu olgular yeni bir tartışma zemini üzerinden tartışılmıştır. Elbette Yahudi tarihinin önemli kırılma noktalarından birisi İsrail’in kuruluşu olarak sayılabilir. İsrail’in hangi dinamikler üzerinden inşa edildiği ve toplumsal değişim süreçlerinde neler yaşadığı ile bu durumun siyasal noktada nelere sebep olduğu, hem İsrail hem de bu “zor coğrafya” için oldukça derin anlamlar taşımaktadır.
Yerleşimci Sömürgecilik Perspektifinden Aksa Tufanı Sonrasını Yorumlamak: Gazze ve Batı Şeria
Authors: Eroğlu Şeyma
Published: December 2024

Filistin'in mevcut koşullarını anlamanın maruz kaldığı sömürgenin yapısını anlamaktan geçtiğini öne süren makale, genel olarak yerleşimci sömürgeciliği, özel olarak bu sömürgeciliğin Filistin'deki işleyişini analiz etmeyi hedeflemektedir. "Klasik Sömürgecilik - Yerleşimci Sömürgecilik" ve "7 Ekim'i Yerleşimci Sömürgecilik Perspektifinden Yorumlamak" olmak üzere iki ana başlıktan oluşan makalenin birinci bölümünde, yerleşimci sömürgecilik klasik sömürgecilik ile karşılaştırılarak yorumlanmış; böylece özgüllüğü ve yapısı ortaya konmuştur. İkinci bölümde ise İsrail’in Gazze ve Batı Şeria bölgelerine uyguladığı stratejilerinin farklı oluşuna karşın sömürgeciliğinin yapı ve mantığının benzerliği ortaya konmuş, yerleşimci sömürgecilik söylemi somut bağlam ekseninde karşılaştırılarak yorumlanmıştır. Makalede İsrail’in 7 Ekim sonrası uygulamalarının geçmişteki politikalarıyla benzerliğini vurgulamak üzere yerleşimci sömürgecilik paradigmasının yanı sıra nekropolitika (necropolitics), mekân-kırım (spacio-cide) gibi birtakım teorik çerçevelerden yararlanılmış, böylece tarihsel sürekliliği vurgulanarak 7 Ekim sonrası politikaların 48’ten beridir süregelen yerleşimci sömürgeciliğinin devamı olduğu geçmiş ile bugünün kıyasında görünür kılınmıştır. Nihai olarak, 7 Ekim olaylarının İsrail’in yerleşimci sömürgeciliğini nasıl etkilediğine ilişkin nesnel bir çerçeve sunulmuştur.
ОЦІНЮВАННЯ РЕЗУЛЬТАТІВ ВИВЧЕННЯ МОВИ В ОНЛАЙН-СЕРЕДОВИЩІ
Authors: Лунн Елізабет , Верховцова Ольга , Іщенко Ольга
Published: December 2024

Зміни, що відбуваються в нашому житті, спонукають до вибору найефективніших форм навчання. Онлайн-середовище стає особливо актуальним рішенням через повномасштабну війну в Україні, яка змусила тисячі українських студентів переїхати в інші міста чи країни, а багато університетів опинились в зоні бойових дій. Розвиток технологій забезпечує цифрову обробку даних для швидкої передачі та отримання інформації, що робить сучасне онлайн-середовище ще доступнішим та зручнішим для кожного. Такі технології наразі все частіше використовуються для проведення онлайн лекцій та практичних занять з використанням різноманітних навчальних матеріалів та регулярними заходами оцінювання знань.
Автори дослідження прагнуть представити огляд заходів онлайн-тестування та оцінювання. Однак мова йде не про тестування заради виставлення оцінок, а про тестування, що спонукає до навчання. Це означає, що тестові завдання перш за все мають сприяти кращому засвоєнню матеріала. При цьому фокус зміщується з формату простих опитувань на різновиди тестових завдань, які б допомогли виявити окремі труднощі, особистісні риси, схильності та уподобання. Оцінка результатів під час вивчення іноземної мови онлайн – завдання не з легких, оскільки виникає ряд питань, пов'язаних з проявами академічної недоброчесності, недостатньої надійності засобів оцінювання та збільшення навантаження на викладача.
Features of state regulation of land relations in foreign countries
Authors: ЧИРВА О. Г. , КОГАН Н. Ю.
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the article is to study and analyze the economic mechanisms of state regulation of land relations in developed countries, which can be taken into account when forming agricultural land in Ukraine. Methodology. Methodological basis of the research were general scientific, special and statistical methods of economic research. The monographic method, the method of logical generalization and system analysis are also used. Results. The article deals with theoretical study of such a legal institute of land law as a moratorium on the alienation of agricultural land, investigates the causes of its formation, analyzes the regulatory framework, as well as the experience of European countries in establishing the principles of a liberal economy and a moratorium on the sale of agricultural land in Ukraine. The world experience of land ownership formation, such as: ownership, restriction of land plots, development of lease relations in different countries of the world, is analyzed. Practical meaning. The method of the analysis of practice and methods of regulation of land relations of different countries of the world, which can be taken into account when forming economic mechanisms of regulation of land relations of agriculture, is proposed. Prospects for further research. On the basis of the conducted research the relevance of the development of proposals for improving the taxation of land relations has been determined.
Financial support for the fixed assets of the enterprise
Authors: БЕРЖАНІР І А. , КІРДАН О. П. , СТАНІСЛАВЧУК Н. О.
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the article. The research objective is to substantiate the theoretical aspects and to develop practical recommendations for improving the reproduction of the main business activity assets. Methodology. In the course of the research, the main general scientific and special methods of the research were used, such as: the method of analysis, the scientific abstraction method and the generalization method – when determining the directions the conceptual framework improvement; the systems approach method in order to determine the essence of the process of the fixed assets reproduction; the grouping method – to improve the classification of factors that influence the process of fixed assets reproduction of the enterprise; the methods of analysis and synthesis – to assess the effectiveness of methods of financing the fixed assets reproduction of the enterprise; the graphic method – for the visual image of research results etc. Results. It was found that the main purpose of financial support for the fixed assets reproduction is the formation of the necessary funds at the enterprise to reproduce the production potential, and its main task is to make decisions concerning the composition and structure of the sources of process financing. The factors influencing the process of fixed assets reproduction of the agricultural enterprises are systematized. The state of fixed assets reproduction of the enterprise is investigated. The financing of the fixed assets reproduction of the enterprise is estimated. The ways of increasing the efficiency of using fixed assets of the enterprise are substantiated. Practical meaning. It is established that the stable development of the Ukrainian economy is connected not only with the need to deepen market reforms, but also with the urgent needs for a substantial renovation of fixed assets on an innovative basis. Prospects for further research. The necessity of substantiation of the efficiency of the leasing and credit sources use for the fixed assets reproduction of the enterprise is determined.
Successful resource decentralization in the conditions of effective public and state control over the use of national resources
Authors: ПЕТРЕНКО П. С. , Osadchuk N. V.
Published: December 2024

The reform of local self-government and decentralization of power is one of the most successful among the initiatives initiated by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. It allows for the formation of a significant, active local self-government institution, in accordance with the provisions of the European Charter of Local Self-Government. The purpose of the research is to study the prerequisites for the introduction of a specific type of fiscal state financial control (audit of efficiency) of decentralization for the effective use of national resources and the provision of democracy in the state. Methodology. The article used the following scientific methods: a systematic approach using methods of comparative analysis and synthesis, methods of the theory of making managerial decisions, generalizations and comparisons. Results. It is proved that the state financial control over the movement of funds of local selfgovernment is an important tool in modern conditions aimed at decentralization of state power in Ukraine. It is revealed that the state financial control of local budgets in the context of decentralization consists of the effective use of resources by the territorial bodies of executive power and local selfgovernment, as well as assessing the ability of the region to identify additional sources of formation and use of resources of local budgets. State financial control, through the introduction of an audit of the efficiency of use of resources of the local budget, makes it possible to make management decisions that contribute to the effectiveness of the activities of local governments. Practical meaning. State financial control is a problematic issue that requires immediate study and practical implementation. The process of formation and development of state internal and external financial control in the united territorial communities is particularly relevant. During 1994-2014, the Presidents of Ukraine created exclusively centralized management of national resources. The results of the analysis show that the functions of the Constitution of Ukraine and obligations to the European Charter of Local Self-Government are not fulfilled. State problems were not solved, but accumulated. Control and verification of the correctness of management activities will continue to play an important role in the conditions of the new public administration model, since the administration operating in these conditions, which focuses its activities on achieving economic efficiency, requires regular monitoring of the recognition of the effectiveness of decisions and the legality of their actions. Prospects for further research by the author concern the development of mechanisms for differentiating competences between all levels of government, along with the regulation of the functional powers of public authorities and local government, including regional and district councils, with the aim of preventing their duplication.
Recent progress in the synthetic protocols for vanadium oxide-based cathodes in rechargeable aqueous zinc-Ion batteries
Authors: Seo Yeonwoo , Byun Segi
Published: December 2024

With the increasing demand for high-energy-density batteries with enhanced stability, aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIB) have emerged as a promising solution due to their high theoretical capacity, low redox potential, cost-effectiveness, and the inherent safety provided by aqueous electrolytes in combination with Zn metal anodes. Extensive research has focused on developing high-capacity and durable cathodes, with materials such as vanadium oxides (e.g., V2O₅, V2O3, and other VxOy forms, including Na- and K-doped variants) being explored. Vanadium oxides stand out due to their variable valence states and the ability to exist in different hydrate forms depending on the presence of water, as well as their diverse morphologies, which can be tailored by varying the synthesis methods. These properties allow vanadium oxides to achieve higher capacity, superior rate capability, and lower cost compared to manganese oxides and Prussian Blue analogs. The versatile crystalline structures of vanadium oxides enable rapid ion diffusion and electron transport, contributing to improved rate performance. Additionally, vanadium oxides exhibit enhanced electrochemical stability and reduced solubility in electrolytes, ensuring prolonged cycle life compared to manganese oxides, which are prone to dissolution. This review aims to provide an in-depth examination of various high-performance synthesis methods for vanadium oxide-based cathodes, including doped forms, and their associated electrochemical properties, highlighting significant advancements in the field that enhance the performance and stability of AZIB, thereby underscoring their strong potential for future energy storage applications.
Recent advancements of NiFe-layered double hydroxides for enhanced catalytic activity and Durability in alkaline oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Lee Hyeryeon , Beak Seung-Wook , Kwon Ki Chang
Published: December 2024

Since the industrial revolution, the demand for fossil fuels has increased along with technological advancements, resulting in significant environmental pollution and global warming. To address these issues, the development of renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, and hydrogen is essential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and meeting energy demand. Among these, hydrogen energy is considered as a promising future energy source due to its energy density and environmentally friendly characteristics. Currently, grey hydrogen is predominantly produced through the steam reforming processes, which relies on fossil fuels and emits large amounts of carbon dioxide. Green hydrogen, generated using renewable energy and electrolysis, has emerged as a sustainable alternative. In electrochemical water splitting, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) needs a higher activation energy compared to the hydrogen evolution reaction, making the development of efficient OER catalysts crucial for energy-efficient hydrogen production. Although noble metal catalysts such as IrO2 and RuO2 are commonly used, their high cost and limited availability have prompted research into transition metal-based alternatives.
NiFe layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have gained attention for their excellent redox properties, charge transport abilities, and effective adsorption of reaction intermediates. However, bulk NiFe-LDHs exhibit low catalytic efficiency due to poor electrical conductivity and a limited number of active sites. To overcome these limitations, various structural modification methods have been developed to improve their catalytic activity and stability. This review provides recent research trends focused on enhancing the performance of NiFe-LDHs through strategies such as heteroatom doping, interface engineering, vacancy creation, and intercalation, with representative studies highlighted to demonstrate these advancements.
Lecciones aprendidas de tres universidades latinoamericanas sobre la enseñanza remota durante la pandemia COVID-19: Un análisis de las experiencias de enseñanza-aprendizaje durante y después del confinamiento
Authors: Cantor Hernández Helmman , Osorio Gómez Luz Adriana , Jouannet Valderrama Chantal , Ballin Bernal Olga Rosi , Mariño Von Hildebrand Julián , Cofré Valenzuela Raúl , Álvarez Castillo Myrna Lilian , Jara Sandoval Francisca , Neisa Valero Mayra , Aragón Salazar Elsa María , Llantén Muñoz Eduardo , Fernández Huss Violeta
Published: December 2024

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, educational institutions worldwide suspended in-person classes and pivoted to remote teaching to maintain academic continuity. This study analyze how three prominent Latin American universities −Universidad de Los Andes (Colombia), Pontificia Universidad Católica (Chile) and Tecnológico de Monterrey (Mexico)− adapted  to this unprecedented shift. The research underscores the importance of assessing the impact on learning, understanding the new educational realities and leveraging the lessons  and best practices developed during this period. Collaboration among institutions and colleagues enabled  a comprehensive understanding of the challenges faced by  higher education. The study employed a mixed method approach, collecting data from the faculties and students via surveys, institutional questionnaires, and focus groups. Key findings reveal significant adaptations in learning environments, changes in teaching methodologies, and challenges in assessing learning outcomes. As  in-person teaching resumed, concerns emerged about achieving learning objectives during the remote phase and addressing new difficulties in the teaching-learning process. Additionally, the study highlights the need to rethink educational modalities and adapt to evolving learning and demands. Likewise, the importance of safeguarding  the well-being of both students and educators to foster effective learning is also highlighted.
Diagnóstico de salud comunitaria en entornos vulnerables de la ciudad de Guayaquil
Authors: Rodríguez-Larraburu Elianne , Piovet-Hernández Ivis Yania , Antuan Díaz-Díaz Alejandro
Published: December 2024

Introducción: En los últimos años, la importancia de la salud comunitaria ha aumentado, especialmente en contextos vulnerables. Metodología: Enfoque mixto, con diseño descriptivo, transversal y prospectivo. La muestra incluyó 385 habitantes de parroquias identificadas como vulnerables, seleccionados mediante muestreo por conglomerados. Los datos se recolectaron mediante un cuestionario diseñado al efecto y validado por especialistas. Resultados: El 29,9% de la muestra se encontraba desempleada y el 43,1% poseía educación secundaria. Los principales factores de riesgo identificados, fueron dietas poco saludables (29,9%), sedentarismo (29,6%) y hábito de fumar (27,3%). Las enfermedades crónicas más prevalentes fueron hipertensión arterial (33,2%) y diabetes tipo II (15,8%). El 25,5% de la población consideró la calidad del aire como mala y el 16,1% percibió el agua potable como inadecuada. En términos de estilo de vida, el 10,1% reportó inactividad física y el 28,3% tuvo una dieta de alimentos ultraprocesados. La satisfacción con el acceso a servicios de salud fue baja, con un 61,3% de insatisfechos o muy insatisfechos. Conclusiones: El estudio destaca la alta prevalencia de factores de riesgo, enfermedades crónicas y problemas ambientales en estas comunidades, subrayando la necesidad de intervenciones integrales para mejorar las condiciones socioeconómicas, los servicios de salud y el entorno ambiental.
Особливості психологізмухудожньо-документальної малої прози Івана Корсака
Authors: Яручик Віктор Павлович
Published: December 2024

Ivan Korsak's works include novels, novellas, and short stories about significant historical figures. His writings have been translated into Lithuanian, Polish, English, and Turkish. The life situations and characters from Korsak's first book “Shadows and Glimmers” are perceived as entirely realistic, almost as if “written off” (in the best sense of the word) from our lives.
In the first period of his creative career, Korsak’s short prose plays a particularly important role. While based on real-life events, his works do not aim to simply depict reality for its own sake. Drawing from the variety of everyday life in the district center, he selects the most characteristic situations that provoke reflection and encourage evaluation of human actions from the perspectives of righteousness, integrity, and adherence to moral principles.
The story about life in the village during the stagnation period, descriptions of bureaucratic life, the levelling of human values, injustice, meanness, deceit, and betrayal form the core of his works. In contrast to these negative aspects of society, the author contrasts what is most important: goodness, faith in a better reality, the power of noble feelings, love, beauty, optimism, etc.
A key feature of Korsak’s literary talent is his inclination toward psychological depth and his exploration of characters’ inner worlds. Thanks to this, he creates vivid and convincing portraits, such as that of the nature-sensitive forester Petro (“Bambor”), the morally degraded former head of the collective farm («Chairman»), the vile Pylyp Kalistratovych (“Extraordinary Inspector”), and the contradictory in his views and actions Anatolii Oleksiiovych (Slander).
Korsak’s stories are simple in form, engaging in content, rich with authentic folk speech, and sure to capture the reader's attention.
“The Goal and the Way” – the Polish Socialist Party (PPS) in Exile
Authors: Siwik Anna
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the activity of the Polish Socialist Party (Polish abbreviation: PPS) in exile in the years 1945–1989. The political goals of the Polish emigration and the activities of the Polish Socialists are presented in this context. The differences in the strategy of the various political centers, as well as the possibilities of using the Socialist International (SI), including the Socialist Union of Central-Eastern Europe (SUCEE) for the “Polish cause” are also outlined. The point was to ensure that the problem of the countries behind the Iron Curtain did not disappear from the international agenda. The article presents the differing approaches of the main ideologues of the Polish socialist movement (Zygmunt Zaremba and Adam Ciołkosz) to the changes in Poland after 1956. The essence of the dispute at the time was the answer to the question of whether the Polish political system was subject to evolutionary transformation towards democracy, or whether the communist system was inherently undemocratic and therefore any changes were merely cosmetic. Both activists personified the argument – which gained most notoriety in the 1960s in the West – assuming a gradual convergence between capitalist and communist societies. Ultimately, history conceded the point to Ciołkosz, who said that “liberalisation of the communist dictatorship is impossible” and that the goal of socialists in exile is “its liquidation.”
A “Clash of Definitions”? Polish Émigré Scholars and the Cold War Discourse of	Western Civilization
Authors: Willms Kai Johann
Published: December 2024

In the course of the twentieth century, the idea of “the West” as a community of shared cultural values acquired fundamental importance in international politics. What constitutes the identity of this community and how exactly its geographical scope should be defined has often been a matter of debate. This article examines how Polish scholars, who spent part of their academic careers in Cold War America and opposed the communist regime in their homeland, participated in such debates and how they imagined the relationship between Poland and “the West”. Focusing on three individual cases representing different generations of the émigré community, the article shows to what extent Polish émigré scholars’ ideas about the identity of “the West” were compatible with contemporary American discourse, how they were related to concepts of “modernization,” and how they evolved in the context of generational change.
A New Legal Framework for Online Platforms in the European Union (and Beyond)
Authors: López Richart Julián
Published: December 2024

In the early 2000s, the EU adopted the Electronic Commerce Directive to regulate information society service providers. An important part of this piece of legislation was the safe harbor provisions, which exempted intermediary service providers from liability for illegal content transmitted or hosted by their users, provided that they complied with specific conditions. After more than twenty years, the emergence of significant online platforms and the increased use of those services has resulted in new risks and challenges for individuals, companies, and society as a whole, which led the European Union to adopt a new regulatory framework for intermediary services. The Digital Services Act retains the liability exemption regime of the Electronic Commerce Directive but introduces new transparency and due diligence obligations for intermediary services, especially for online platforms. The new regulatory framework is expected to substantially impact globally, as it applies to all intermediary service providers offering services within the EU, regardless of their location. This study explores the main features of the DSA and their potential effects on the future development of the Internet.

The Digital Services Act retains the liability exemption regime of the Electronic Commerce Directive but introduces new transparency and due diligence obligations for intermediary services, especially for online platforms. The new regulatory framework is expected to have a substantial impact globally, as it applies to all intermediary service providers offering services within the EU, regardless of their location. This study explores the main features of the DSA and their potential effects on the future development of the Internet.
Instructions to Perform in Contract Negotiations: Comparative and Interdisciplinary Approach
Authors: Benli Erman
Published: December 2024

Contract negotiation is the phase before the conclusion of the main contract. Although contract performance consists in the fulfilment of obligation, and therefore mostly occurs after the conclusion of a contract, in practice, contract negotiators may provide instructions to perform before contract conclusion, particularly in the sectors of national defense, construction and consulting services. This paper examines the legal consequences of instructions to perform provided during negotiations and whether or not they lead to the conclusion of the main contract. According to the legal policy of protection of the weaker party that in law and economics is consistent with the cheapest cost avoider principle and the Gunderson decision in the USA, a conclusion is reached that if the stronger party imposes the instructions to perform on the weaker party, it should be accepted that the main contract is concluded, because the stronger party in these type of cases will mostly be the cheapest cost avoider and should take the risk of non-reliance or incomplete reliance.
Legaliści i rewolucjoniści – opinia społeczna o przestrzeganiu prawa
Authors: Kurczewski Jacek , Fuszara Małgorzata , Orzechowski Paweł
Published: December 2024

Niniejszy artykuł wpisuje się w sześćdziesięcioletnią tradycję badań socjologiczno-prawnych, zapoczątkowanych przez Adama Podgóreckiego. Zaprezentowane wyniki i wnioski dotyczą poznania opinii na temat przestrzegania i obowiązywania prawa oraz przyjmowanych wobec niego postaw – od bezwzględnego respektowania przepisów po akceptację ich omijania lub łamania. Zamiarem Autorów było przeprowadzenie dwóch typów analiz: porównawczej rozkładów odpowiedzi uzyskanych w latach 1964 - 2023, a także treści rozbudowanych narracji respondentów, odnoszących się do uzasadnienia zajmowanych stanowisk. Dane zebrano za pomocą kwestionariusza online do samodzielnego wypełnienia, przy wykorzystaniu panelu uniwersyteckiego i formularza „Google”, udostępnionego przez portale społecznościowe. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań można stwierdzić, że zwyczajowo przyjęte terminy, takie jak: „legaliści”, „oportuniści” i „anarchiści” nie zawsze są adekwatne do prezentowanych postaw wobec prawa i tracą na aktualności.
Adam Podgórecki’s Concept of Totalitarian Law in the Albanian Context
Authors: Fijalkowski Agata
Published: December 2024

This author first met Adam Podgórecki in the mid-1990s at the International Institute for the Sociology of Law (IISL) in Oñati, Spain. Over a lunch organised by the IISL and at a cooking school in the local area, Prof. Podgórecki talked about the role these sorts of cooking schools had played under General Francisco Franco’s authoritarian rule. He referred to these schools as “pockets of democracy” because of the cherished space they provided for people to live in a polity, albeit in a suspended state. The cooking schools were a safe space for people to speak freely. This author is reminded here of the case of Albania. It is in this spirit that I talk about the “pockets of democracy” that existed in Albania, through the experience of one remarkable individual, about whom I have been writing for some time now, the writer and political dissident, Musine Kokalari (1917–1983). Her own account of her 1946 trial and her ruminations on the nature of historical memory recall Podgórecki’s work on totalitarian and non-totalitarian law. It is in this frame therefore that I will set out the discussion, elucidating the main points underpinning his pioneering work.
Love, Law, and War in Ukraine and Israel/Palestine: Rearticulating Podgórecki’s Place in a Polish Become American Sociological Imagination
Authors: Kennedy Michael D.
Published: December 2024

Adam Podgórecki’s place in American sociology, and my own engagement with his work 30 years ago, begins my contribution to this collection. I turn next to consider how some subsequent scholars have explained his work and his potential, and do some of the same by inviting our translation of intuitive and formal law into an exploration of vernacular and professional articulations of justice and law. I then consider the place of love in the relationship before moving on to examine two epoch-ending crises of our time: Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the war in Israel/Palestine. I conclude with an observation that Podgórecki and other scholars invite us to rethink how the intuitive and the formal, the vernacular and the professional, senses of justice might be rearticulated. I recommend that South Africa’s intervention at the International Court of Justice might be a transformational moment.
Student Feedback Systems: Developing a Web-Based Solution for Efficient Complaint Processing at Faculty of Information Technology Tarumanagara University
Authors: Phratama Owen Maytrio , Handhayani Teny , Perdana Novario Jaya
Published: December 2024

The collection of student feedback, encompassing aspirations, and complaints, serves as a cornerstone in improving the quality of education and fostering institutional responsiveness in higher education. However, many universities, including Tarumanagara University, especially the Faculty of Information Technology still rely on manual processes for submitting these concerns, necessitating face-to-face interactions with faculty administrative personnel. This traditional approach often results in inefficiencies, including delayed responses and difficulty tracking complaints. This research addresses these issues by proposing the development of a web-based application designed to centralize and streamline the processing of student complaints and aspirations. Utilizing the waterfall model as the development methodology, the application is developed using ASP.NET with C# and SQL Server to ensure robust performance and data management. The outcomes of this initiative demonstrate significant improvements in both time efficiency and resource allocation for handling student feedback within the Faculty of Information Technology at Tarumanagara University. By implementing this web-based solution, the faculty aims to foster a more effective and responsive feedback mechanism that enhances student engagement and satisfaction.
Implementation of Haversine Algorithm in Web-Based Online Attendance Application
Authors: Wijaya Leon Fernando , Tony Tony
Published: December 2024

Attendance is an important aspect of the world of work. A manual attendance system is a conventional attendance recording method that is still widely used. However, with the rapid advancement of technology, digital attendance now allows recording attendance through software connected to the internet. PT Password Solusi Sistem, as an information technology solution provider and system integrator, already has an online attendance application, but its effectiveness is still limited, and feature customization is difficult because the application comes from an external service provider. This research aims to develop a web-based online attendance application with the implementation of the Haversine algorithm to calculate the distance between the user’s location and the office location through geolocation technology during attendance so that the results of this calculation are used to provide information on attendance whether it is done outside or within the office radius. In addition, this study also compared the results of distance calculations between the Haversine algorithm and the Google Geometry Library in 20 different locations, which resulted in a difference of 0.0113. GPS Geolocation testing, conducted using a smartphone, showed 100% accuracy, with all test locations being valid. The results showed that the online attendance application with the Haversine algorithm was successfully implemented, and the accuracy comparison between the Haversine algorithm and Google Geometry Library showed almost similar results.