bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF SECTION 226 OF KENYA PENAL CODE: A CASE FOR URGENT REFORM
Authors: Ochieng Olayo , Kamau Lewis
Published: October 2021

Purpose: The aim of this paper was to critically analyze the provision of section 226 of Kenya penal code that provides for criminalization of suicide attempt.

Methodology: The research paper was exploratory in nature and was based on secondary data. A number of research papers, journals and articles published in renowned websites are studied to build conceptual basis of decriminalization of attempted suicide in Kenya. Valuable insights about the suicide have been gathered from various websites.

Results: The found that although decriminalizing suicide is important, it is not enough. The paper found that suicide is more of a health problem than a crime. It noted that modern day constitution framework in many countries including South Africa and Kenya have provided that every person right to the highest attainable health standard, including the right to healthcare services. This is thus an indication that suicide as mental health problem should be given the required attention.

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The government needs to move and put major efforts to enhance the overall mental health in the country including sufficient budget allocation. This will reduce the burden of suicide and mental health. Thus, there is a need for a comprehensive health program to reduce its incidence. Furthermore, the stigma attached with suicides will only recede if the government and the social sector take a proactive role in spreading anti‑suicide awareness.
Influencia criminal en la geopolítica del arco minero del Orinoco
Authors: Ávila García Iván Leonardo
Published: October 2021

El presente artículo describe las características geopolíticas de la región denominada Arco Minero del Orinoco (AMO), resaltando la importancia que se le debe dar a esta región desde el ámbito de la Inteligencia Estratégica, para lo cual, se hace un estudio cualitativo basado en referencias primarias y secundarias con análisis axial. Se plantea cómo diferentes grupos armados ilegales han realizado actividades tendientes a ejercer el control ilegal del territorio, identificando un marcado interés por realizar acciones criminales en esta región. Sumado a la mutación de amenazas transnacionales y un marcado interés de multinacionales que se han establecido en la región, apoyadas por regímenes totalitarios, con el fin de extraer minerales y piedras preciosas a través de agrupaciones criminales que colaboran con el Estado y asumen algunas funciones. Se concluye que la afectación criminal irradia en esta región por los actores que convergen y sus diferentes intereses geopolíticos.
How Many Trials are Needed to Assess Ankle Joint Proprioception in Children with Chronic Ankle Instability?
Authors: Kunritt Jaruta , Lekskulchai Raweewan , Wattananon Peemongkon
Published: October 2021

The assessment of ankle joint repositioning is commonly used to detect joint impairment in people with chronic ankle instability (CAI). To decrease measurement fluctuation errors, it has been suggested that an average of 10 measurements be utilized. However, learning and tiredness difficulties, particularly in children, might make this difficult. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the repeatability of 3 and 10 measures of ankle joint repositioning using an isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex) in children with CAI. Ten children with CAI with an average age of 11.21 years were recruited in the study. The ankle inversion and eversion angles for 3 and 10 trials using active and passive reproduction protocols were recorded using Biodex Multi-Joint System 4TM.  The error of reproduction angle was presented by the mean, correlation, and percentage changes for both active and passive reposition angles. The means of the error for ankle joint reproduction angles revealed no significant differences between 3 and 10 trials for both active and passive protocols (p > 0.05). The ICC(3,1) revealed high correlations between 3 and 10 trials of assessments (ICC(3,1) = 0.82 - 0.91). The percentage changes of means and standard deviations showed learning effect of ankle joint proprioception measurement after the 4th and the 5th trials for inversion and eversion, respectively. Therefore, to prevent learning and fatigue effects, a 3-trial protocol would be more appropriate than a 10-trial protocol. However, a 4-trial protocol and a 5-trial protocol were suggested for inversion and eversion, respectively. The suggested protocols are recommended to use for further reliability studies of the ankle joint proprioception in children with CAI. 
HIGHLIGHTS

Ankle joint reproduction assessments using active and passive protocols are needed to identify the impairment of joint position sense in children with chronic ankle instability
To prevent fatigue effect, 3 trials are sufficient for testing of ankle joint position sense in children with chronic ankle instability
In research setting, a 4-trial protocol for ankle joint inversion and a 5-trial protocol for ankle joint eversion are more appropriate than a 10-trial protocol
IDENTIFICAÇÃO TAXONÔMICA DE PLANTAS MEDICINAIS USADAS NO MACIÇO DE BATURITÉ, NO CEARÁ
Authors: Silva Pinheiro Carlos Henrique , Freire Ana Karolyne Ancelmo
Published: October 2021

A utilização de plantas medicinais está marcada na história do desenvolvimento da humanidade, ainda hoje, é comum ver alguma espécie cultivada em residências brasileiras, tanto em jarros, como em jardins ou em canteiros que consorciam várias plantas medicinais. Nesse contexto, o trabalho pretende identificar, discutir e classificar três das espécies encontradas através de uma pesquisa exploratória de campo – em residências visitadas em cidades do Maciço de Baturité, zona serrana do estado do Ceará – somada a uma pesquisa bibliográfica a respeito das classificações e usos das plantas coletadas. Constatou-se que são três as espécies mais encontradas nos estabelecimento, sendo estas, a Alfavaca (Ocimum basilicum L.), o Boldo-da-terra (Plectrantus barbatus A.) e o Coirama-Branco (Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.).
EFEITOS DA EDUCAÇÃO NOS RENDIMENTOS DE HOMENS E MULHERES NO ESTADO DO PARANÁ: UMA ANÁLISE CONTRAFACTUAL
Authors: Pedra Adriana Pereira , Souza Solange de Cassia Inforzato de , Gomes Magno Rogério
Published: October 2021

Este trabalho tem como objetivo estabelecer os efeitos da educação sobre os rendimentos dos trabalhadores ocupados, segundo o gênero, e sua evolução no Paraná, a partir dos microdados da PNAD 2005 e 2015. Para isso, foram efetuadas a mensuração dos determinantes salariais mincerianos e a tradicional decomposição de Oaxaca-Blinder. A decomposição contrafactual salarial constatou a elevação do hiato salarial entre homens e mulheres no Paraná, ao contrário da situação nacional, e a redução da discriminação de gênero e das diferenças salariais explicadas pelas características das trabalhadoras. A educação é a causa mais importante das diferenças salariais na perspectiva dos fatores produtivos e dos postos de trabalho, que favorece a mulher trabalhadora, muito embora esse legado positivo tenha sido reduzido no período.
"El triunfo de la religión" y el cumplimiento de la política tridentina
Authors: Chávez Mancilla Ángel
Published: October 2021

El presente artículo explora la relación entre la obra El triunfo de la religión de Cristóbal de Villalpando y el Concilio de Trento, desde un enfoque que atiende a su ubicación temporal y espacial concreta. De esta forma se harán evidentes las diferencias de significación contextual que esta obra guarda con El triunfo de la Iglesia de Rubens, en comparación con otras obras asociadas al barroco novohispano, como la pintura de la Virgen de Guadalupe. La propuesta central del análisis es que El triunfo de la Iglesia expresa gráficamente la aspiración de la política tridentina, para entonces frustrada en Europa por la Paz de Westfalia, pero que como objeto cultural en el contexto de la Nueva España no cumple cabalmente con los objeti­vos contrarreformistas que se atribuyen a la pintura barroca.
Representar la violencia sin color. Reflexiones desde la fotografía y la historia
Authors: Fajardo Tapia David
Published: October 2021

Estudiar el pasado por medio de la fotografía como fuente primaria influye en la manera en que imaginamos ese tiempo pretérito. De igual modo, el estudio de la violencia mediante la fotografía nos señala un problema hermenéutico que se relaciona con el presente, cuando la violencia se difunde, en su mayor parte, a través de imágenes a color. ¿Es “más real” la fotografía a color? ¿Cuál es el eco visual que resuena a lo largo del tiempo y que nos señala una distancia simbólica entre el uso político de la violencia visual en distintas épocas? Éstas son algunas de las preguntas que orientan las reflexiones del presente texto, cuyo objetivo es proporcionar una mirada crítica ante la violencia contemporánea. Todo fenómeno tiene una historia, incluida la violencia visual en México. En consecuencia, es necesario reflexionar sobre sus orígenes y las herencias que tiñen la circulación de imágenes violentas en el presente.
Historia a través de la fotografía. El análisis de tarjetas postales de desnudo femenino de la Compañía Industrial Fotográfica
Authors: Medina Hernández Aura Mariana
Published: October 2021

Las representaciones del desnudo femenino han sido una temática vigente prácticamente a lo largo de toda la Historia del Arte; sin embargo, fue hasta finales del siglo XIX que, con el perfeccionamiento de las técnicas y tecnologías fotográficas asistimos a un fenómeno de masificación de la imagen que posibilitó la circulación del cuerpo femenino desnudo a través de las tarjetas postales fotográficas. En el caso de México, un ejemplo claro de este fenómeno fueron las tarjetas postales de desnudos femeninos que produjo la Compañía Industrial fotográfica alrededor de 1920, las cuales no sólo apostaron por la producción industrializada de imágenes, sino también por un juego iconográfico que se debatió entre un imaginario del arte legítimo y la censura moral de la época.
Percepciones sobre la violencia contra la niñez y la adolescencia en Bolivia. Una visión sistémica
Authors: Gutiérrez León Paloma , Losantos Edith Marcela , Guillén Natalie , Andrade Carla
Published: October 2021

Este estudio cualitativo analiza el fenómeno de la violencia contra la niñez y la adolescencia a partir de la percepción de niñas, niños, adolescentes y el entorno de protección formal e informal. Se recogió información primaria a través de grupos focales con niñas, niños, adolescentes y padres de familia; y entrevistas a profesores, personal de salud y funcionarios de los servicios de primera línea del sistema formal de protección, en los nueve departamentos de Bolivia. Con el propósito de ofrecer una lectura integral y sistémica del fenómeno de la violencia infantil, en el presente artículo se entretejen los resultados obtenidos tomando en cuenta el ámbito familiar, el escolar, el normativo-institucional y el societal, desde la percepción de los diferentes participantes del estudio. Entre los principales hallazgos se tiene que la familia y la escuela juegan un rol ambivalente de protección y agresión que contribuye a la impunidad de la violencia infantil, que ambas instituciones funcionan de manera antagónica antes que complementaria en cuanto a la protección de la niñez y la adolescencia. Que hay un temor adulto a la inversión de jerarquías, que a pesar de reconocer legalmente a la niñez y adolescncia como sujetos de derecho aún prevalece la perspectiva de verlos como objetos de derecho, que la violencia es reconocida como un fenómeno multidimensional pero su abordaje es unidimensional y que se insiste en la importancia de denunciar a pesar del descreimiento por la efectividad de la denuncia.  Se necesita más investigación sobre la complejidad de las relaciones interinstitucionales para responder al maltrato infantil con respuestas efectivas.
Los casos de bebés robados en España: una aproximación actual desde el derecho penal
Authors: Baltasar Pérez Lucía
Published: October 2021

El presente documento tiene por objeto realizar, desde un planteamiento jurídico penal, un análisis sobre el caso de los conocidos como “bebés robados” en España, comparándolo, por sus similitudes, con la sustracción y la apropiación de recién nacidos en países como Irlanda y Argentina. Para su propósito, se hace una aproximación a los compromisos adquiridos por el Estado español en defensa de los Derechos Humanos, así como a aquellas recomendaciones emitidas por diversas instituciones de ámbito internacional para el tratamiento jurídico de este fenómeno. Como parte fundamental en el estudio se analizan los tipos penales que son de aplicación en estos supuestos y las dificultades, tanto fácticas como jurídicas, que generalmente se presentan en la investigación y eventual sanción de los hechos. En coherencia con ello, y dada la relevancia que ha supuesto la publicación de la primera sentencia por robo de bebés en España a finales del año 2018, el trabajo realiza un estudio de los aspectos más relevantes de la misma, antes de ofrecer una visión general de algunas propuestas e iniciativas que han ido surgiendo.
La soledad en los adolescentes y sus correlaciones con las fortalezas psicológicas y el abuso de las redes sociales
Authors: García Sanmartín Pedro
Published: October 2021

Este artículo es una investigación explicativa que trata de aproximarse un poco más a las correlaciones de dos variables, con respecto a la soledad en los adolescentes: la primera, las fortalezas psicológicas, como factor mitigante; y la segunda, el abuso de las redes sociales, como factor precipitante. La metodología se basó en un diseño documental, a través de la búsqueda y selección de artículos indexados de fuentes secundarias, a través de diferentes bases de datos. Analizaremos estas variables y explicaremos por qué son factores que están detrás de muchos trastornos y enfermedades, así como de nuevos fenómenos comportamentales, como el denominado Hikikomori. Con la llegada de la pandemia mundial, provocada por la enfermedad del COVID-19, estos factores se han visibilizado aún más en la sociedad, ya sea por las nuevas conductas que hemos incorporado en nuestras vidas para la adaptación de las normas impuestas por las autoridades sanitarias, como de aquellas individuales y voluntarias que hemos modificado para sobrellevarla mejor. Por lo que creemos que, si se reduce el abuso de las redes sociales y se aumenta las fortalezas psicológicas en la población, podría disminuirse los índices de la soledad y sus consecuencias. De esta forma aumentaría la resiliencia en la sociedad, y a su vez, mejoraría el bienestar social.
Conhecimento de propriedades da mediana e média de alunos do final do Ensino Médio
Authors: Fernandes José António , Oliveira Júnior Ailton Paulo
Published: October 2021

No presente artigo estuda-se o conhecimento de alunos brasileiros do Ensino Médio sobre propriedades da mediana e da média que derivam de transformações dos dados ou de afirmações enunciadas. Para tal, implementou-se um estudo quantitativo, de tipo descritivo, em que participaram 104 alunos do 3.º ano do Ensino Médio de uma escola pública da região de São Paulo. Os dados foram obtidos através da aplicação de um questionário online, do qual estudaremos aqui apenas três dessas questões, exatamente aquelas que dizem respeito a propriedades da mediana e da média. Na questão de itens abertos, perguntava-se sobre a alteração da mediana e da média ao adicionar-se um valor constante a todos os dados, e nas duas questões de itens fechados, numa inquiria sobre se a mediana diminui/aumenta/mantém-se ao acrescentar um ou dois dados em certas condições e na outra questionava-se se certas afirmações eram verdadeiras ou falsas. Em termos de resultados, em geral, os alunos revelaram muitas dificuldades nos itens abertos, enquanto nos itens fechados os alunos tiveram um melhor desempenho. Perante estes resultados, conclui-se que os alunos têm um conhecimento concetual da mediana e da média um tanto limitado, devendo ser-lhe dada mais atenção no ensino.
Schäden an Abdichtungen in Innenräumen.
Authors: Göbelsmann Marc
Published: October 2021

Abdichtungen in Innenräumen wie Bädern, Sportstätten, Gewerbeküchen oder produzierenden Betrieben können auf vielfältige Weise ausgeführt werden. Die Bandbreite der existierenden Abdichtungsverfahren und -produkte bietet viele Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten, aber auch Risiken mit beträchtlichem Schadenspotenzial. Marc Göbelsmann erklärt in diesem Buch, welche Abdichtungsbauarten für die unterschiedlichen Einwirkungen geeignet sind. Die technischen Regelungen zu Abdichtungen in Innenräumen wurden in DIN 18534 gerade vollständig überarbeitet. Der Autor erläutert diese Grundlagen und gibt Handlungsempfehlungen für nicht präzise geregelte Fälle. Anhand von Schadensbeispielen erläutert er häufig anzutreffende Planungs- und Ausführungsfehler. Damit stellt das Buch eine wertvolle Hilfe für Bausachverständige dar. Die ergänzenden Hinweise zur Schadensvermeidung sind besonders für Planer und Ausführende interessant. Mit Bildern und Tabellen aus der aktuellen DIN 18534.
Kompendium Schimmel in Innenräumen.
Authors: Messal Constanze
Published: October 2021

Schädliche Mikroorganismen in Innenräumen gefährden die menschliche Gesundheit und zerstören Baustoffe. Frau Messal vermittelt umfassend und fundiert die Sachkunde zu Schimmelpilzbefällen in Innenräumen. Sie erläutert alle Schritte zur Erstellung eines Schadensgutachtens von der fachkundigen Probenentnahme über die mikrobielle Diagnostik, die relevanten chemisch-physikalischen Untersuchungsverfahren bis zur Interpretation der Befunde. Bei Schimmelschäden sind außer Schimmelpilzen meistens auch Bakterien, Milben und Protozoen im Spiel. Die Bewertung des Schadensausmaßes hängt darüber hinaus von den Anforderungen an die Innenraumhygiene ab, die im »Schimmelleitfaden« des Umweltbundesamtes neu definiert wurden. Die Autorin erläutert die gesundheitlichen Aspekte sichtbarer und versteckter Schadensbilder. Sie diskutiert kritisch den aktuellen UBA-Leitfaden und geht auf rechtliche Aspekte ein, die sich oftmals aus Schimmelschäden ergeben. An Beispielen erläutert sie die Sanierung mikrobieller Schäden, beginnend bei Erstmaßnahmen, der Baustellenplanung über die Ausführung bis zur Nachuntersuchung. Dabei wägt sie alternative Sanierungstechniken ab und geht auch auf das wichtige Thema Arbeitsschutz ein. Möglichkeiten der Schimmelprophylaxe bei Neu- und Wiederaufbau vervollständigen den Maßnahmenkatalog.

Das »Kompendium Schimmel in Innenräumen« ist auch geeignet für die Qualifizierung zum Sachkundigen für das Erkennen, Bewerten und Sanieren von Schimmelpilzschäden in Innenräumen mit dem Schwerpunkt Holz- und Bautenschutz.
Congenital Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia – A Mosaic Trisomy Chromosome 22 and t(5;15)(p15;q15) : A Case Report
Authors: Zulkeflee Razan Hayati , Hassan Rosline , Nasir Ariffin , Mohd Radzi Muhammad Amiro Rasheeq , Mohamed Yusoff Shafini , Iberahim Salfarina , Zulkafli Zefarina , Mohamad Norsarwany
Published: October 2021

Neonatal leukaemia is a rare blood cancer occurring in baby less than 30 days of life is characterized by proliferation of white cells without known and obvious reasons. We report a case of a 7-day- old girl diagnosed with congenital leukaemia. At the time of presentation, she was evaluated as early neonatal sepsis. However, her laboratory investigations were consistent with B cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Her cytogenetic analysis showed 46 XX trisomy 22, t(5,15) (p15,q15) and del 7 (q33,q35). She was managed with standard Interfant 06 protocol and had achieved marrow remission during the course of chemotherapy.  Our case highlights the differentiation between lymphocytic leukemoid reaction and lymphoblastic malignant cells and also congenital acute lymphoblastic leukaemia who had a good outcome from the chemotherapy.
Celebrating Medical Librarians During Canadian Library Month
Authors: Rabb Danielle
Published: October 2021

October is Canadian Library Month and an opportunity to acknowledge the work done by medical librarians in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Librarians serving both the research community and the public were quick to adapt to the restrictions imposed by COVID-19. They provided us with access to electronic books, journals, and article databases and helped us via live chats.

Curating information about COVID-19 has involved partnerships between CADTH, Canadian research libraries, and overseas organizations.
The cyber-learning paradox: facts, myths and expectations about the impact of digital technologies on learning and cognition
Authors: Vergara Novoa Libert Alonso , Latorre Mendez Dany Andrey
Published: October 2021

The impact of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) on learning remains one of the most controversial topics among scholars. There are experts who see them as the cornerstone of a revolution in education but others consider that ICTs have been overrated, as it was the case with radio and television in the twentieth century. This study attempted to analyze the potential and actual value of ICTs on learning and cognition, based on a qualitative content analysis that allowed to contrast the results of 150 research articles published between 2006 and 2021, with international reports and scholars’ contributions to the topic in discussion.
IoT Masters Programs
Authors: Держо М.А. , Лаврентьев М.М. , Шафаренко А.В.
Published: October 2021

В данной работе обсуждаются фундаментальные вопросы разработки программ магистратуры в области Интернета вещей (Internet of Things — IoT). Мы кратко сравниваем предложения Сколтеха и Стэнфорда и утверждаем, что наиболее гибкое решение достигается посредством вводного блока и четырех параллельных потоков учебных курсов: обработка сигналов и управление, обучение машин и искусственный интеллект (ИИ), программирование и схемотехника платформ с применением микроконтроллеров, и, наконец, сети и кибербезопасность. Вводный блок предполагается оснастить достаточным количеством предметов по выбору, чтобы поступающие выпускники бакалавриата из областей прикладной математики, информационных технологий и электроники/телекоммуникаций могли приобрести необходимые знания для освоения потоковых курсов. Мы утверждаем, что еще одним необходимым отличием программы IoT должен явиться междисциплинарный групповой дипломный проект значительного объема, также основанный на потоковых курсах.

This paper discusses the fundamentals of postgraduate curriculum development for the area of the Internet of Things (IoT). We provide a brief contrasting analysis of Skoltech and Stanford Masters programs and argue that the most flexible way forward is via the introduction of a leveling-off, elective introductory stage, and four parallel course streams: signal processing and control; Artificial Intelligence (AI), and machine learning; microcontroller systems design; and networks and cyber security. The leveling-off stage is meant to provide sufficient electives for graduates of applied math, Information Technologies (IT), or electronics/telecom degrees to learn the necessary fundamentals for the stream modules. We argue that another distinguishing feature of an IoT masters program is a large project drawing on the stream modules and requiring a multidisciplinary, team development effort.
UPAYA PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN CONTEXTUAL APPROACH PADA PELAJARAN BAHASA INGGRIS DI SMAN 2 KOTA JAMBI
Authors: WIDIANTI WIDIANTI
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan dan prestasi belajar siswa pada pelajaran Bahasa Inggris di kelas XII IPA 6 SMA Negeri 2 Kota Jambi melalui pembelajaran Contextual Approach. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang memiliki 4 tahapan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam 2 (dua) siklus dan setiap siklus dilakukan dalam dua pertemuan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya peningkatan keterampilan dan prestasi belajar siswa. Penilaian hasil observasi keterampilan siswa meningkat dimana pada kondisi awal 14 siswa atau 43,75% meningkat menjadi 25 siswa atau 78,13% pada siklus I dan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 100%. Sedangkan prestasi belajar siswa menunjukkan peningkatan dari nilai rata-rata kondisi awal sebesar 66,25 pada siklus I nilai rata-rata yang diperoleh siswa adalah 72,50 dan pada siklus II rata-rata nilai yang diperoleh siswa adalah 78,13 dengan ketuntasan belajar dari 16 siswa atau 50,00% meningkat menjadi 26 siswa atau 81,25% dan 93,75% atau 30 siswa pada siklus terakhir.
UPAYA PENINGKATAN MOTIVASI, HASIL BELAJAR DAN RESPON SISWA MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TIPE STUDENT TEAM ACHIEVEMENT DIVISION (STAD) PADA MATERI SUMPAH PEMUDA DI SMAN 4 TEBO
Authors: ERNAWATI ERNAWATI
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) mengetahui peningkatan motivasi siswa kelas XI IPS 2 SMA Negeri 4 Tebo semester ganjil tahun pelajaran 2019/2020 melalui penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) pada pelajaran Sejarah materi sumpah pemuda, (2) mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar sejarah siswa kelas XI IPS 2 SMA Negeri 4 Tebo semester ganjil tahun pelajaran 2019/2020 melalui penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Student Team Achievement Division (STAD), (3) mengetahui respon siswa kelas XI IPS 2 SMA Negeri 4 Tebo semester ganjil tahun pelajaran 2019/2020 terhadap penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) pada pelajaran Sejarah materi sumpah pemuda. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Tahap-tahap yang dilakukan dalam penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yaitu: (1) penentuan subjek penelitian, (2) membuat rencana tindakan, (3) melaksanakan tindakan, (4) melakukan observasi, (5) melakukan refleksi dan evaluasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan: (1) persentase rata-rata motivasi siswa kelas XI IPS 2 SMA Negeri 4 Tebo pada siklus I adalah 25,45% dengan kategori tinggi, meningkat menjadi 26,33% pada siklus II dengan kategori tinggi; (2) rata-rata hasil belajar siswa kelas XI IPS 2 SMA Negeri 4 Tebo pada siklus I adalah 74,58 dengan kategori sedang, meningkat menjadi 83,54 pada siklus II dengan kategori tinggi; (3) respon siswa kelas XI IPS 2 SMA Negeri 4 Tebo terhadap penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) mencapai kategori positif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) dapat meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar Sejarah materi sumpah pemuda siswa kelas XI IPS 2 SMA Negeri 4 Tebo semester ganjil tahun pelajaran 2019/2020 serta memperoleh respon yang positif.
Adaptation or Historical Anomaly?: Partition Narratives and Their Visual Counterparts
Authors: Akram Ayesha
Published: October 2021

This research accentuates the presence of multi-layered histories within partition literature and its adaptations as a historiographic mise en abyme— an interpretive multiplicity of historical narratives. The aim is to highlight, probe and eventually determine the significance of addressing multivocality within sensitive historical accounts when told through the aesthetic mediums of fiction and film. In the context of this research, the traditional narrative of the partition of the Subcontinent includes political and nationalistic attitudes on both sides of the divide. The research sets out to explore the extent to which these overreaching accounts and wide-ranging versions of the partition empower the concerned entities to give subjective meanings to their partition experiences. Gurinder Chadha’s film Viceroy’s House (2017), which is partly based on the memoirs of Louis Mountbatten, documented in Freedom at Midnight by Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre (1976) is taken as the case study, with reference to its source text. The primary trigger of this research is the debate between the Traditionalist and Revisionist school of Historiography, as it seeks to examine the inherent problematic nature of revisionist partition history on text and on screen. This research presents the textual and film narratives of partition as alternative archives, whose authenticity and validity is yet to be established, in comparison with the historical documents/texts. It advocates the necessity to constantly re-evaluate and reinterpret history in the light of new facts; however, all attempts to revise history in the name of aesthetics, without merit and evidence, should be recognized as subjective versions.
Status Quo Sorrows: The Failures of Energy Project Consultations and Reconciliatory Paths Forward
Authors: Rozen Omri
Published: October 2021

Canada’s prevailing Aboriginal consultation regime for major energy projects is not working. Indeed, Indigenous peoples, industry proponents, and the Crown have all expressed increasing frustration and dismay at the uncertainty and acrimony that a legal regime intended to facilitate reconciliation between Canada and Indigenous peoples has counterproductively generated. In this paper, I describe the underlying principles of a process-oriented reconciliation that animate the Court’s jurisprudence on section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982. I then identify the failures in effectively translating these principles to the major energy context, focusing in particular on the harms generated by the lack of accountability and transparency of the National Energy Board/Canada Energy Regulator administrative scheme. I finally consider two alternatives or additions to contemporary resource project consultations – namely, Impact and Benefit Agreements (IBAs) and a proposed Indigenous veto – finding that an Indigenous veto may be an especially effective means of introducing greater equity, fairness, and certainty to major energy project development in Canada, to the benefit of all relevant stakeholders.
The Development of the Innovative SMEs in Slovakia in the Context of Macroeconomic Environment
Authors:   University of Szeged, AHMADOV Vusal
Published: October 2021

Abstract EU integration brought expressive economic development to Slovakia. The main drivers of the economic growth have been export-oriented FDIs. Slovak government pursues provision of the favorable FDI-friendly business environment for keeping continuance of the productive capital into domestic economy. Nevertheless, the FDIs represent giant multinational companies and the Slovak economy is in a stage of development that it needs the advancement in the productivity growth in the remaining sectors of the economy addition to export-intensive FDIs. From this token, development of the SME in Slovakia is important for transition of the Slovak economy up to next level. In this article, I analyze the effects of the macro-economic variables such as financial development, export growth, innovativeness, and the EU structural funds on SME development in Slovakia. I deploy regression analysis to measure these effects. The lower interest rates and higher export growth positively contributes to development of innovative SMEs. The inadequacy of the organizational capacity and innovation structure of SMEs impedes them benefits from EU funds and Innovations. Keywords: SME productivity, EU funds, cost of finance, innovation structure, organizational structure
George Steiner’s Hermeneutic Motion and the Ontology, Ethics, and Epistemology of Translation
Authors: Robinson Douglas
Published: October 2021

This chapter is organized around three phrases from Phil Goodwin’s ide­alizing reading of George Steiner’s hermeneutic motion: (1) “there is a certain vi­olence involved,” (2) “This imagery offended some readers,” and (3) “this second stage of translation will always feel like a violation.” In response to those remarks, my research questions are (Q1) What is the ontology of that “certain violence,” and why did it “offend some readers”? (Q2) What is the ethical significance of Steiner’s pas­sage through violence in the hermeneutic motion? (Q3) What is the epistemological sig­nificance of “feeling” in the recognition that “this second stage of translation will always feel like a violation”? The trajectory of my argument, in other words, is from ontologization (Q1) through ethical regimes (Q2) to the epistemology of feeling (Q3).
After Babel in China
Authors: Sun Yifeng
Published: October 2021

When George Steiner’s After Babel: Aspects of Language and Translation was published in 1975, the excitement and controversy generated by this book in the West were naturally unknown in China since the country was still in the thrall of the Cultural Revolution. Nevertheless, the subsequent journey of After Babel to Chi­na seems to be unimpeded, though apparently belated, which is understandable, given the fact that the Chinese Cultural Revolution only came to an end in late 1976, prior to which the conditions for accepting such Western theoretical works did not exist. This paper will present a succinct trajectory of the reception of After Babel by reviewing how some of the key concepts of Steiner’s hermeneutic theory were and are perceived and adapted to the Chinese environment. The travel of Stei­ner’s theory to China will be briefly sketched, followed by accounts of different in­terpretations of Steiner’s chapter “The Hermeneutic Motion” and a discussion of the various attempts to supplement and expand it in a critical light. Some specific examples concerning English-Chinese and Chinese-English translations are dis­cussed in order to illuminate the relevance and applicability of the theoretical con­cepts con­tained in After Babel for addressing some of the fundamental issues per­tain­ing to translation.
Қазақстанның ЕАЭО аясындағы өзара саудасы
Authors: Urazymbetov B. , Уразымбетов Б.
Published: October 2021

This article analyses the main results of the impact of Eurasian integration on Kazakhstan's economy, in particular, mutual trade for the period from 2015 to 2019. A structural analysis is conducted and the main trends and dynamics factors, commodity structure of Kazakhstan's exports and imports within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union are presented. Integration effects in mutual trade of Kazakhstan with EAEU member states are assessed. Research methods: a comparative analysis of dynamic series, structural-logical, economic-statistical, comparative analysis. As a result of the analysis, preliminary conclusions can be made that in most areas of Kazakhstan's cooperation with the EAEU countries, there has been an outperformance. The comparative analysis of mutual trade between EAEU member states reveals that the coronavirus pandemic has hit the economic activity of the Eurasian Economic Union states, including Kazakhstan, significantly and has revealed a trend of imbalanced mutual trade in Kazakhstan during the EAEU functioning period, which demonstrates weak diversification and low intersectoral importance and dependence of the Republic on the international market. Accordingly, this may hurt harm Kazakhstan's national economy within the EAEU.

В настоящей статье анализируются основные результаты влияния евразийской интеграции на экономику Казахстана, в частности взаимная торговля за период с 2015 по 2019 годы. Проведен структурный анализ и приведены основные тенденции и факторы динамики, товарная структура экспорта и импорта Казахстана в рамках Евразийского экономического союза. Проведена оценка интеграционных эффектов во взаимной торговле Казахстана со странами-участницами ЕАЭС. Методы исследования: сравнительный анализ динамических рядов, структурно-логический, экономико-статистический, сравнительный анализ. В результате проведенного анализа можно сделать предварительные выводы о том, что в большинстве сфер сотрудничества Казахстана со странами ЕАЭС наблюдалась опережающая динамика. В ходе проведенного сравнительного анализа взаимной торговли между странами-участницами ЕАЭС выявлено, что пандемия коронавируса ощутимо ударила по экономической активности государства Евразийского экономического союза, включая Казахстан. Выявлена тенденция дисбаланса взаимной торговли Казахстана в период функционирования ЕАЭС, это демонстрирует слабую диверсификацию и низкую внутриотраслевую значимость и зависимости республики от международного рынка. Соответственно, это может иметь негативное влияние для национальной экономики Казахстана в рамках ЕАЭС.
ANTI-CRISIS SUPPORT MEASURES AGRICULTURE OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Кочербаева А.А. , Есенгельдин Б.С. , Аймурзина Б.Т. , Каменова М.Ж. , Kozherbayeva A. , Aimurzina B. , Yessengeldin B. , Kamenova M.
Published: October 2021

В статье отмечается, что проблема совершенствования государственного регулирования сельского хозяйства - важнейшая составная часть рыночного механизма экономики в условиях неопределенности. Необходимость такого регулирования связана с такими особенностями АПК, прежде всего сельского хозяйства, которые не позволяют им на равных участвовать в межотраслевой конкуренции.
Проведен анализ валового выпуска продукции (услуг) сельского хозяйства Казахстана, показана динамика расходов государственного бюджета, заܰтрܰаܰт республиканского и местного бюджетов нܰаܰ сельское, водное и лесное, рыбное хозяйство хозяйство за 2016-2020 годы, размер целевых текущих трансфертов, переданных в базу расходов местных бюджетов при определении трансфертов общего характера на развитие сельского хозяйства, структура средств на антикризисные меры в АПК.
Авторы отмечают, что стратегическая значимость и специфические особенности сельского хозяйства требуют разработки особых подходов к управлению данной отраслью, её инвестированием на региональном уровне. Возникла необходимость в разработке системных экономических решений в поддержке аграрного сектора и продовольственной безопасности, требующих проведения определенной стратегии, принципов, положений, норм и мероприятий, направленных на преодоление накопившихся проблем.
Государственная поддержка в виде субсидий и предоставления льготных кредитов будет стимулировать развитие сельскохозяйственных товаропроизводителей.

The article notes that the problem of improving the state regulation of agriculture is the most important component of the market mechanism of the economy in conditions of uncertainty. The need for such regulation is associated with such features of the agro-industrial complex, primarily agriculture, which do not allow them to participate on an equal footing in intersectoral competition. The analysis of the gross output of products (services) of agriculture in Kazakhstan is carried out, the dynamics of state budget expenditures, expenditures of the republican and local budgets for agriculture, water and forestry, fisheries for 2016-2020, the size of targeted current transfers transferred to the base of expenditures of local budgets is shown when determining transfers of a general nature for the development of agriculture, the structure of funds for anti-crisis measures in the agro-industrial complex. The authors note that the strategic importance and specific features of agriculture require the development of special approaches to the management of this industry, its investment at the regional level. There was a need to develop systemic economic solutions to support the agricultural sector and food security, requiring a specific strategy, principles, regulations, norms and measures aimed at overcoming the accumulated problems. State support in the form of subsidies and the provision of concessional loans will stimulate the development of agricultural producers.
ASSESSMENT OF THE SUSTAINABILITY OF THE ECONOMY OF KAZAKHSTAN TO THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE CORONACRISIS
Authors: Мухамбетова А.А. , Mukhambetova A.
Published: October 2021

В статье раскрыта степень устойчивости экономики Казахстана к последствиям коронакризиса. В частности, рассмотрено влияние нефтяных цен на темпы роста ВВП и достаточность денежных резервов, хранящихся в Национальном Фонде, для поддержания национальной экономики в случае длительного сохранения низких цен на нефть. Для построения более целостной модели использовались также данные по внешнеторговому обороту страны и притоку прямых иностранных инвестиций.
Автором проанализированы тенденции развития мировой экономики в период пандемии коронавируса. Выявлены предпосылки возможной рецессии стран, в основу которой заложена возникшая инверсия доходностей двухлетних и десятилетних казначейских облигаций США. Анализируя вопрос инверсии доходности установлено, что ее причиной стали спад финансовых рынков, обесценивание нефти и снижение деловой активности по всему миру, которые вынудили участников рынка перевести средства в 10-летние трежерис.
Относительно Казахстана в статье проанализированы экономические последствия коронакризиса, а также изучена степень зависимости экономики от нефтяных цен. Отмечено, что переход к диверсифицированной экономике становится для Казахстана особенно актуальным и приоритетным в условиях волатильности цен на нефть.

The article reveals the degree of stability of the economy of Kazakhstan to the consequences of the coronavirus crisis. In particular, the impact of oil prices on GDP growth rates and the adequacy of the monetary reserves stored in the National Fund to support the national economy in the event of long-term persistence of low oil prices are considered. To build a more holistic model, data on the country's foreign trade turnover and the inflow of foreign direct investment were also used. The authors analyzed the development trends of the world economy during the coronavirus pandemic. The prerequisites for a possible recession of countries are identified, which is based on the emerging inversion of the yields of two-year and ten-year US Treasury bonds. Analyzing the issue of income inversion, it was found that it was caused by the recession in financial markets, the depreciation of oil and the decline in business activity around the world, which forced market participants to transfer funds to 10-year Treasuries. With regard to Kazakhstan, the article analyzes the economic consequences of the coronavirus crisis, and also studies the degree of dependence of the economy on oil prices. It was noted that the transition to a diversified economy is becoming especially relevant and priority for Kazakhstan in the context of volatility in oil prices.
A DYNAMICS ANALYSIS OF THE DETERMINANTS OF FOOD PRICE IN IRAN
Authors: Ira Abdorahim
Published: October 2021

In this study, main determinants of food inflation in Iran over the period 2002-2015 are investigated and the interaction between this factors and food price impulse response will be analyzed by using Vector Error Correction (VEC) Model. Augmented Dickey-Fuller with lag length on Schwarz Info Criterion and Phillips-Perron with Newey West Bandwidth used to test the stationarity of the data. Johansen-Juselius　system co-integration test applied to find the stationary linear　combination of the non-stationary variables. The Long run　relationship between dependent and independent variables　estimated on Vector Error Correction (VEC) model. The　results show that there is a relationship within the dependent variable and its independent variables. On the long run, the　oil price, money supply and exchange rate are　significantly positively related to the food price in Iran. Motivation of the study is to understand driving factors behind the food inflation phenomenon during the high inflation period that followed the subsidies reform plan in December 2010 and 2011 oil shock. The results presented in this paper indicate that oil price and money supply are main determinants of food inflation in Iran. The findings have important implications　for understanding the volatility of food price in Iran and able to　conclude the effectiveness of the monetary policy.
CONCEPTUAL AND STRUCTURAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL BONDS AND ISLAMIC SUKUK
Authors: Din Shams Ud
Published: October 2021

Often times, Sukuk securities are described similar to conventional bonds. The financial press and mass media name Sukuk as Islamic Bonds. Sukūk structures are designed based on the purpose and conditions of financing needs and are not (as in conventional borrowing) general purpose borrowing. Therefore, sukūk is a financial instrument with complex characteristics. Considering conceptual characteristics and structural procedure of Sukuk, this paper investigates differences between conventional bonds and Islamic Sukuk. Moreover, the three instruments of the Sukuk contract (mushārakah, murābahah and ijārah) are carefully examined. This paper clarifies that Sukuk and conventional bonds are legally distinct and have different structures.
Opinions of clients of cosmetology salons regarding the impact of wearing protective masks on the condition of the skin
Authors:   Student Scientific Society of Cosmetology, Department of Cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine, Katowice Business University, Ranosz Kamila , Malara Beata ,   Department of Cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine, Katowice Business University
Published: October 2021

Acne vulgaris is a common condition that affects both men and women of all age groups. As a result of the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and the introduction of restrictions, mainly the obligation to cover the nose and mouth with protective masks, a large percentage of the population is now struggling with acne. The aim of the research was to determine the opinion on the impact of wearing protective masks on the deterioration of the skin condition and the awareness of the respondents about the treatments and preparations used in acne therapy. The article also attempted to explain the causes of acne lesions.
Capítulo 9. La concentración mediática en Colombia. Para descentralizar la mirada
Authors: Chaves G. J. Ignacio «Iñaki» , Gordo M. Ricardo
Published: October 2021

En un país en el que los medios se concentran en muy pocas manos, no muy diferente de otras naciones del continente, la pelea por el derecho a la comunicación como activo fundamental para una democracia participativa se hace más necesaria y perentoria.En Colombia los grandes conglomerados mediáticos están en el centro de la in-formación que se conoce en el país al ser los que nutren en un porcentaje cercano al 60% los contenidos de la «realidad» que acontece y se difunde a la sociedad tanto en radio, TV, internet o prensa. Por lo que no solamente están en el centro, son el centro de todo lo informativo del país.

Palabras clave: Colombia, concentarción mediática, comunicación, radio, televisión, ïndice d erentabilidad Social, independencia informativa, TIC.
En medieprovokatør bliver til: Personakonstruktioner og -transformationer i Eva Selsings retorik
Authors: Bengtsson Mette , Rønlev Rasmus
Published: October 2021

With the concept media provocateur, a personification of Olivier Driessens’ concept media provocation, we refer to debaters who use provocative rhetoric and social media circulation to gain a prominent speaking position in traditional, journalistic mass media. In a close reading of selected texts by Eva Selsing, whom we regard as a paradigmatic case, we show how Selsing constructs and transforms her provocative persona across journalistic genres and thereby establishes herself as a media provocateur in a hybrid media system. In continuation of this, we discuss how provocative style may function as a catalyst for rhetorical agency for media provocateurs, the media they work for, and potentially the general public. However, as we see it, the public’s agency is dependent on publicist mass media to not only offer media provocateurs a platform and fortify the provocateurs’ self-presentation; public mass media must also take responsibility for and play an active role as curators of the public debate that the media provocateurs’ rhetoric creates