bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indoor measurement and analysis on soil-traction device interaction using a soil bin
Authors: Mardani Aref , Golanbari Behzad
Published: May 2024

Investigating the mechanical interaction between vehicles and soil requires measuring various mechanical parameters, which have been enhanced through the advancement of measurement tools. This study delves into the measurement tools and data recording devices utilized in soil-traction device studies conducted at the Off-Road Vehicle Research Center of Urmia University. The tools and methods used for measuring and recording parameters such as forces, velocities, displacements, stresses, and contact areas during traction engagements of laboratory test traction devices (wheels and tracks) are presented. These measurements may have been simultaneously obtained using multiple transducers. The results demonstrate the data acquisition system's successful measurement and recording of these parameters. This research emphasizes the integration of different sensors, developing and implementing a unified data acquisition system for various transducers, and creating innovative setups for measuring and recording parameters such as soil density and wheel-soil contact area, which are of significant importance.
Detectable quorum signaling molecule via PANI-metal oxides nanocomposites sensors
Authors: Gado Walaa S. , Al-Gamal Abdalrahman G. , Badawy Mona Shaban E. M. , Labena A. , Zakaria Khaled , Kabel Khalid I.
Published: May 2024

The detection of N-hexanoyl-l-homoserine lactone (C6-HSL), a crucial signal in Gram-negative bacterial communication, is essential for addressing microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) induced by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in oil and gas industries. Metal oxides (MOx) intercalated into conducting polymers (CPs) offer a promising sensing approach due to their effective detection of biological molecules such as C6-HSL. In this study, we synthesized and characterized two MOx/polyaniline-dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (PANI-DBSA) nanocomposites, namely ZnO/PANI-DBSA and Fe2O3/PANI-DBSA. These nanocomposites were applied with 1% by-weight carbon paste over a carbon working electrode (WE) for qualitative and quantitative detection of C6-HSL through electrochemical analysis. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) confirmed the composites’ capability to monitor C6-HSL produced by SRB-biofilm, with detection limits of 624 ppm for ZnO/PANI-DBSA and 441 ppm for Fe2O3/PANI-DBSA. Furthermore, calorimetric measurements validated the presence of SRB-biofilm, supporting the EIS analysis. The utilization of these MOx/CP nanocomposites offers a practical approach for detecting C6-HSL and monitoring SRB-biofilm formation, aiding in MIC management in oil and gas wells. The ZnO/PANI-DBSA-based sensor exhibited higher sensitivity towards C6-HSL compared to Fe2O3/PANI-DBSA, indicating its potential for enhanced detection capabilities in this context. Stability tests revealed ZnO/PANI-DBSA's superior stability over Fe2O3/PANI-DBSA, with both sensors retaining approximately 85–90% of their initial current after 1 month, demonstrating remarkable reproducibility and durability.
Dietary combination of linseed and hazelnut skin as a sustainable strategy to enrich lamb with health promoting fatty acids
Authors: Musati Martino , Frutos Pilar , Bertino Antonino , Hervás Gonzalo , Luciano Giuseppe , Forte Claudio , Priolo Alessandro , Lanza Massimiliano , Bella Marco , Biondi Luisa , Natalello Antonio
Published: May 2024

This study investigated the effect of the inclusion of extruded linseed and hazelnut skin on fatty acid (FA) metabolism in finishing lambs. Forty lambs were divided into 4 groups and fed for 60 d with: a conventional cereal-based diet, or the same diet with 8% of extruded linseed, or 15% of hazelnut skin, or 4% of linseed plus 7.5% of hazelnut skin as partial replacement of maize. Dietary treatments did not affect growth performances, carcass traits, and ruminal fermentation. The combined effect of linseed and hazelnut skin enriched the intramuscular fat with health promoting FA. Particularly, increases in α-linolenic acid (3.75-fold), and very long-chain n-3 poly-unsaturated FA (+ 40%) were attributed to the supplementation with linseed, rich in α-linolenic acid. In addition, increases in rumenic (+ 33%), and vaccenic (+ 59%) acids were attributed to hazelnut skin tannins modulating ruminal biohydrogenation and accumulating intermediate metabolites. The simultaneous inclusion of linseed and hazelnut skin can be a profitable strategy for enriching the intramuscular fat of lambs with health promoting FA, without adverse effects on ruminal fermentation and animal performance.
A new bacterial consortia for management of Fusarium head blight in wheat
Authors: Thuraga Vishnukiran , Ghadamgahi Farideh , Dadi Fantaye Ayele , Vetukuri Ramesh Raju , Chawade Aakash
Published: May 2024

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a significantly important disease in cereals primarily caused by Fusarium species. FHB control is largely executed through chemical strategies, which are costlier to sustainable wheat production, resulting in leaning towards sustainable sources such as resistance breeding and biological control methods for FHB. The present investigation was aimed at evaluating newly identified bacterial consortium (BCM) as biocontrol agents for FHB and understanding the morpho-physiological traits associated with the disease resistance of spring wheat. Preliminary evaluation through antagonistic plate assay and in vivo assessment indicated that BCM effectively inhibited Fusarium growth in spring wheat, reducing area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) and deoxynivalenol (DON), potentially causing type II and V resistance, and improving single spike yield (SSPY). Endurance to FHB infection with the application of BCM is associated with better sustenance of spike photosynthetic performance by improving the light energy harvesting and its utilization. Correlation and path-coefficient analysis indicated that maximum quantum yield (QY_max) is directly influencing the improvement of SSPY and reduction of grain DON accumulation, which is corroborated by principal component analysis. The chlorophyll fluorescence traits identified in the present investigation might be applied as a phenotyping tool for the large-scale identification of wheat sensitivity to FHB.
Exploring expected values of topological indices of random cyclodecane chains for chemical insights
Authors: Chunsong Bai , Naeem Anisa , Yousaf Shamaila , Aslam Adnan , Tchier Fairouz , Issa Abudulai
Published: May 2024

Chemical graph theory has made a significant contribution to understand the chemical compound properties in the modern era of chemical science. At present, calculation of the topological indices is one of most important area of research in the field of chemical graph theory. Cyclodecane is a cyclic hydrocarbon with the chemical formula $$C_{10}H_{20}$$

C
10

H
20

. It consists of a ring of ten carbon atoms bonded together in a cyclical structure. Cyclodecane chains can be part of larger molecules or polymers, where multiple cyclodecane rings are connected together. These molecules can have various applications in chemistry, materials science, and pharmaceuticals. This article aims to determine expected values of some connectivity based topological indices of random cyclodecane chains, containing saturated hydrocarbons with at least two rings. It also compares these descriptors using explicit formulae, numerical tables and present graphical profiles of these comparisons.
Level of awareness and utilization of insecticide-treated bed nets among medical students as measures for reducing malaria episodes
Authors: Ofili Mary Isioma , Nwogueze Bartholomew Chukwuebuka
Published: May 2024

This study examined the level of awareness and utilization of insecticide-treated bed nets among medical students as measures for reducing malaria episodes in Delta State University, Abraka. It was a descriptive study with objectives and research questions formulated to achieve the study design. A sample size of 200 male and female students resident in the campus hostels were selected using random sampling technique. A self-structured questionnaire was designed and administered to the study participants, however, only 148 copies of the questionnaires were successfully retrieved and used for the study. Data generated were subjected to quantitative statistical analysis for frequencies, percentages, average mean and Chi-square testing. Findings revealed that the level of awareness was significantly associated with the role of health workers in the distribution of insecticide-treated bed nets in Delta State University, Abraka, although, factors hindering health workers from distributing insecticide-treated bed nets were identified. There was significant difference between perception of medical students and the utilization of insecticide-treated bed nets on risk of malaria spread. In addition, there was significant difference between the benefits of using insecticide-treated bed nets and the prevention and control of malaria. We therefore conclude that regular utilization of insecticide-treated bed nets due to adequate awareness eliminates contact with mosquitoes and prevents transmitting vectors of malaria from having contact with the users of insecticide-treated bed net. Massive health education campaign is recommended to further scale up the awareness and effective utilization of insecticide-treated bed nets towards prevention and control of malaria bites among students in Delta State University, Abraka.
An imbalance data quality monitoring based on SMOTE-XGBOOST supported by edge computing
Authors: Han Yan , Wei Zhe , Huang Guotian
Published: May 2024

Product assembly involves extensive production data that is characterized by high dimensionality, multiple samples, and data imbalance. The article proposes an edge computing-based framework for monitoring product assembly quality in industrial Internet of Things. Edge computing technology relieves the pressure of aggregating enormous amounts of data to cloud center for processing. To address the problem of data imbalance, we compared five sampling methods: Borderline SMOTE, Random Downsampling, Random Upsampling, SMOTE, and ADASYN. Finally, the quality monitoring model SMOTE-XGBoost is proposed, and the hyperparameters of the model are optimized by using the Grid Search method. The proposed framework and quality control methodology were applied to an assembly line of IGBT modules for the traction system, and the validity of the model was experimentally verified.
Implementing an electromagnetic tracking navigation system improves the precision of endoscopic transgastric necrosectomy in an ex vivo model
Authors: Fichtl Anna , Sheikhani Alaan , Wagner Martin , Kleger Alexander , Müller Martin , Sturm Niklas , Walter Benjamin , Franz Alfred Michael
Published: May 2024

Endoscopic transgastric necrosectomy is crucial in the management of complications resulting from necrotizing pancreatitis. However, both real-time and visual-spatial information is lacking during the procedure, thereby jeopardizing a precise positioning of the endoscope. We conducted a proof-of-concept study with the aim of overcoming these technical difficulties. For this purpose, a three-dimensional (3D) phantom of a stomach and pancreatic necroses was 3D-printed based on spatial information from individual patient CT scans and subsequently integrated into a silicone torso. An electromagnetic (EM) sensor was adjusted inside the endoscope´s working channel. A software interface enabled real time visualization. The accuracy of this novel assistant system was tested ex vivo by four experienced interventional endoscopists who were supposed to reach seven targets inside the phantom in six different experimental runs of simulated endoscopic transgastric necrosectomy. Supported by endoscopic camera view combined with real-time 3D visualization, all endoscopists reached the targets with a targeting error ranging between 2.6 and 6.5 mm in a maximum of eight minutes. In summary, the EM tracking system might increase efficacy and safety of endoscopic transgastric necrosectomy at the experimental level by enhancing visualization. Yet, a broader feasibility study and further technical improvements are mandatory before aiming at implementation into clinical setting.
No genetic causal association between circulating alpha-tocopherol levels and osteoarthritis, a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Cui Aiyong , Xiao Peilun , Wang Pengfei , Wang Hu , Cong Yuxuan , Fan Zhiqiang , Wei Xing , Zhuang Yan
Published: May 2024

The causal association between vitamin E status and osteoarthritis (OA) remains controversial in previous epidemiological studies. We employed a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore the causal relationship between circulating alpha-tocopherol levels (main forms of vitamin E in our body) and OA. The instrumental variables (IVs) of circulating alpha-tocopherol levels were obtained from a Genome-wide association study (GWAS) dataset of 7781 individuals of European descent. The outcome of OA was derived from the UK biobank. Two-sample MR analysis was used to estimate the causal relationship between circulating alpha-tocopherol levels and OA. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was the primary analysis in this analysis. We used the MR-Egger method to determine horizontal pleiotropic in this work. The heterogeneity effect of instrumental IVs was detected by MR-Egger and IVW analyses. Sensitivity analysis was performed by removing single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) one by one. Three SNPs (rs964184, rs2108622, and rs11057830) (P < 5E−8) strongly associated with circulating alpha-tocopherol levels were used in this analysis. The IVW-random effect indicated no causal relationship between circulating alpha-tocopherol levels and clinically diagnosed OA (OR = 0.880, 95% CI 0.626, 1.236, P = 0.461). Similarly, IVW analysis showed no causal association between circulating alpha-tocopherol levels and self-reported OA (OR = 0.980, 95% CI 0.954, 1.006, P = 0.139). Other methods of MR analyses and sensitivity analyses revealed consistent findings. MR-Egger and IVW methods indicated no significant heterogeneity between IVs. The MR–Egger intercept showed no horizontal pleiotropic. The results of this linear Mendelian randomization study indicate no causal association between genetically predicted alpha-tocopherol levels and the progression of OA. Alpha-tocopherol may not provide beneficial and more favorable outcomes for the progression of OA. Further MR analysis based on updated GWASs with more IVs is required to verify the results of our study.
Novel putative causal mutations associated with fat traits in Nellore cattle uncovered by eQTLs located in open chromatin regions
Authors: Garcia Ingrid Soares , Silva-Vignato Bárbara , Cesar Aline Silva Mello , Petrini Juliana , da Silva Vinicius Henrique , Morosini Natália Silva , Goes Carolina Purcell , Afonso Juliana , da Silva Thaís Ribeiro , Lima Beatriz Delcarme , Clemente Luan Gaspar , Regitano Luciana Correia de Almeida , Mourão Gerson Barreto , Coutinho Luiz Lehmann
Published: May 2024

Intramuscular fat (IMF) and backfat thickness (BFT) are critical economic traits impacting meat quality. However, the genetic variants controlling these traits need to be better understood. To advance knowledge in this area, we integrated RNA-seq and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in genomic and transcriptomic data to generate a linkage disequilibrium filtered panel of 553,581 variants. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis revealed 36,916 cis-eQTLs and 14,408 trans-eQTLs. Association analysis resulted in three eQTLs associated with BFT and 24 with IMF. Functional enrichment analysis of genes regulated by these 27 eQTLs revealed noteworthy pathways that can play a fundamental role in lipid metabolism and fat deposition, such as immune response, cytoskeleton remodeling, iron transport, and phospholipid metabolism. We next used ATAC-Seq assay to identify and overlap eQTL and open chromatin regions. Six eQTLs were in regulatory regions, four in predicted insulators and possible CCCTC-binding factor DNA binding sites, one in an active enhancer region, and the last in a low signal region. Our results provided novel insights into the transcriptional regulation of IMF and BFT, unraveling putative regulatory variants.
Fast EM-driven nature-inspired optimization of antenna input characteristics using response features and variable-resolution simulation models
Authors: Koziel Slawomir , Pietrenko-Dabrowska Anna
Published: May 2024

Utilization of optimization technique is a must in the design of contemporary antenna systems. Often, global search methods are necessary, which are associated with high computational costs when conducted at the level of full-wave electromagnetic (EM) models. In this study, we introduce an innovative method for globally optimizing reflection responses of multi-band antennas. Our approach uses surrogates constructed based on response features, smoothing the objective function landscape processed by the algorithm. We begin with initial parameter space screening and surrogate model construction using coarse-discretization EM analysis. Subsequently, the surrogate evolves iteratively into a co-kriging model, refining itself using accumulated high-fidelity EM simulation results, with the infill criterion focusing on minimizing the predicted objective function. Employing a particle swarm optimizer (PSO) as the underlying search routine, extensive verification case studies showcase the efficiency and superiority of our procedure over benchmarks. The average optimization cost translates to just around ninety high-fidelity EM antenna analyses, showcasing excellent solution repeatability. Leveraging variable-resolution simulations achieves up to a seventy percent speedup compared to the single-fidelity algorithm.
Association between biological aging and periodontitis using NHANES 2009–2014 and mendelian randomization
Authors: Li Sihong , Wen Chang , Bai Xueying , Yang Dong
Published: May 2024

Aging is a recognized risk factor for periodontitis, while biological aging could provide more accurate insights into an individual's functional status. This study aimed to investigate the potential association between biological aging and periodontitis. Epidemiological data from 9803 participants in the 2009–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed at a cross-sectional level to assess this link. Three biological ages [Klemera–Doubal method (KDM), PhenoAge, and homeostatic dysregulation (HD)] and two measures of accelerated biological aging (BioAgeAccel and PhenoAgeAccel) were set as primary exposure and were calculated. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline regression were employed to examine the relationship between biological aging and periodontitis. Additionally, Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted to explore the causal connection between accelerated biological aging and periodontitis. After adjusting for age, gender, race, educational level, marital status, ratio of family income, and disease conditions, this study, found a significant association between subjects with older higher biological ages, accelerated biological aging, and periodontitis. Specifically, for a per year increase in the three biological ages (HD, KDM, and PhenoAge), the risk of periodontitis increases by 15%, 3%, and 4% respectively. Individuals who had positive BioAgeAccel or PhenoAgeAccel were 20% or 37% more likely to develop periodontitis compared with those who had negative BioAgeAccel or PhenoAgeAccel. Furthermore, a significant non-linear positive relationship was observed between the three biological ages, accelerated biological aging, and periodontitis. However, the Mendelian randomization analysis indicated no causal effect of accelerated biological aging on periodontitis. Our findings suggest that biological aging may contribute to the risk of periodontitis, highlighting the potential utility of preventive strategies targeting aging-related pathways in reducing periodontitis risk among older adults.
Revealing isochoric water nucleation: a visual study
Authors: Câmpean Ștefan-Ioan , Beșchea George-Andrei , Tăbăcaru Maria-Bianca , Năstase Gabriel
Published: May 2024

The phenomena of water freezing at constant volume, or isochoric, is becoming more and more fascinating. However, because the system is subjected to extremely high pressures, it is exceedingly challenging to investigate it visually. Fewer properties have been found visually up till now, but many have been found through other means. Nevertheless, we were able to design a reactor so that it could be observed through a microscope as water was frozen and thawed at constant volume, reaching temperatures as low as − 12 °C and pressures up to 129 MPa. In this study, we observed critical characteristics visually, focusing on the location of the ice nucleus, its shape, and dynamics. Phase transitions from liquid to solid state are essential mechanisms in the physical sciences. The creation of ice stands as the quintessential and pervasive example of nucleation, playing a central role in diverse disciplines such as geology, biology, aviation, and climate research.
Rationally designed chromosome fusion does not prevent rapid growth of Vibrio natriegens
Authors: Ramming Lea , Stukenberg Daniel , Sánchez Olmos María del Carmen , Glatter Timo , Becker Anke , Schindler Daniel
Published: May 2024

DNA replication is essential for the proliferation of all cells. Bacterial chromosomes are replicated bidirectionally from a single origin of replication, with replication proceeding at about 1000 bp per second. For the model organism, Escherichia coli, this translates into a replication time of about 40 min for its 4.6 Mb chromosome. Nevertheless, E. coli can propagate by overlapping replication cycles with a maximum short doubling time of 20 min. The fastest growing bacterium known, Vibrio natriegens, is able to replicate with a generation time of less than 10 min. It has a bipartite genome with chromosome sizes of 3.2 and 1.9 Mb. Is simultaneous replication from two origins a prerequisite for its rapid growth? We fused the two chromosomes of V. natriegens to create a strain carrying one chromosome with a single origin of replication. Compared to the parental, this strain showed no significant deviation in growth rate. This suggests that the split genome is not a prerequisite for rapid growth.
Nanoscale spin ordering and spin screening effects in tunnel ferromagnetic Josephson junctions
Authors: Satariano Roberta , Volkov Anatoly Fjodorovich , Ahmad Halima Giovanna , Di Palma Luigi , Ferraiuolo Raffaella , Vettoliere Antonio , Granata Carmine , Montemurro Domenico , Parlato Loredana , Pepe Giovanni Piero , Tafuri Francesco , Ausanio Giovanni , Massarotti Davide
Published: May 2024

Magnetic Josephson junctions (MJJs) have emerged as a prominent playground to explore the interplay between superconductivity and ferromagnetism. A series of fascinating experiments have revealed striking phenomena at the superconductor/ferromagnet (S/F) interface, pointing to tunable phase transitions and to the generation of unconventional spin-triplet correlations. Here, we show that the Josephson effect, being sensitive to phase space variation on the nanoscale, allows a direct observation of the spin polarization of the S/F interface. By measuring the temperature dependence of the Josephson magnetic field patterns of tunnel MJJs with strong and thin F-layer, we demonstrate an induced nanoscale spin order in S along the superconducting coherence length at S/F interface, i.e., the inverse proximity effect, with the first evidence of full spin screening at very low temperatures, as expected by the theory. A comprehensive phase diagram for spin nanoscale ordering regimes at S/F interfaces in MJJs has been derived in terms of the magnetic moment induced in the S-layer. Our findings contribute to drive the design and the tailoring of S/F interfaces also in view of potential applications in quantum computing.
Identifying autism spectrum disorder from multi-modal data with privacy-preserving
Authors: Wang Haishuai , Jing Hezi , Yang Jianjun , Liu Chao , Hu Liwei , Tao Guangyu , Zhao Ziping , Shen Ning
Published: May 2024

The application of deep learning models to precision medical diagnosis often requires the aggregation of large amounts of medical data to effectively train high-quality models. However, data privacy protection mechanisms make it difficult to perform medical data collection from different medical institutions. In autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis, automatic diagnosis using multimodal information from heterogeneous data has not yet achieved satisfactory performance. To address the privacy preservation issue as well as to improve ASD diagnosis, we propose a deep learning framework using multimodal feature fusion and hypergraph neural networks for disease prediction in federated learning (FedHNN). By introducing the federated learning strategy, each local model is trained and computed independently in a distributed manner without data sharing, allowing rapid scaling of medical datasets to achieve robust and scalable deep learning predictive models. To further improve the performance with privacy preservation, we improve the hypergraph model for multimodal fusion to make it suitable for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis tasks by capturing the complementarity and correlation between modalities through a hypergraph fusion strategy. The results demonstrate that our proposed federated learning-based prediction model is superior to all local models and outperforms other deep learning models. Overall, our proposed FedHNN has good results in the work of using multi-site data to improve the performance of ASD identification.
Controlling lasing around exceptional points in coupled nanolasers
Authors: Fischer Anna , Raziman T. V. , Ng Wai Kit , Clarysse Jente , Saxena Dhruv , Dranczewski Jakub , Vezzoli Stefano , Schmid Heinz , Moselund Kirsten , Sapienza Riccardo
Published: May 2024

Coupled nanolasers are of growing interest for on-chip optical computation and data transmission, which requires an understanding of how lasers interact to form complex systems. The non-Hermitian interaction between two coupled resonators, when excited selectively, can lead to parity-time symmetry, the formation of exceptional points, and subsequently spectral control and increased sensitivity. These investigations have been limited to pump energies close to the lasing threshold, and large or narrow-line lasers. Here, by programmable optical excitation we study two coupled nanolasers significantly above threshold, where mode instability plays an important role. We map the mode evolution around two exceptional points, and observe lasing gaps due to reversed pump dependence which compare well with non-linear theory. Finally, the coupling can be exploited to control the lasing threshold and wavelength, and for frequency switching around the lasing gap. Controlled and integrated nanolasers constitutes a promising platform for future highly sensitive and programmable on-chip laser sources.
The Arabidopsis SGN3/GSO1 receptor kinase integrates soil nitrogen status into shoot development
Authors: Shen Defeng , Wippel Kathrin , Remmel Simone , Zhang Yuanyuan , Kuertoes Noah , Neumann Ulla , Kopriva Stanislav , Andersen Tonni Grube
Published: May 2024

The Casparian strip is a barrier in the endodermal cell walls of plants that allows the selective uptake of nutrients and water. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, its development and establishment are under the control of a receptor-ligand mechanism termed the Schengen pathway. This pathway facilitates barrier formation and activates downstream compensatory responses in case of dysfunction. However, due to a very tight functional association with the Casparian strip, other potential signaling functions of the Schengen pathway remain obscure. In this work, we created a MYB36-dependent synthetic positive feedback loop that drives Casparian strip formation independently of Schengen-induced signaling. We evaluated this by subjecting plants in which the Schengen pathway has been uncoupled from barrier formation, as well as a number of established barrier-mutant plants, to agar-based and soil conditions that mimic agricultural settings. Under the latter conditions, the Schengen pathway is necessary for the establishment of nitrogen-deficiency responses in shoots. These data highlight Schengen signaling as an essential hub for the adaptive integration of signaling from the rhizosphere to aboveground tissues.
Synaptotagmin-11 facilitates assembly of a presynaptic signaling complex in post-Golgi cargo vesicles
Authors: Trovò Luca , Kouvaros Stylianos , Schwenk Jochen , Fernandez-Fernandez Diego , Fritzius Thorsten , Rem Pascal Dominic , Früh Simon , Gassmann Martin , Fakler Bernd , Bischofberger Josef , Bettler Bernhard
Published: May 2024

GABAB receptors (GBRs), the G protein-coupled receptors for GABA, regulate synaptic transmission throughout the brain. A main synaptic function of GBRs is the gating of Cav2.2-type Ca2+ channels. However, the cellular compartment where stable GBR/Cav2.2 signaling complexes form remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that the vesicular protein synaptotagmin-11 (Syt11) binds to both the auxiliary GBR subunit KCTD16 and Cav2.2 channels. Through these dual interactions, Syt11 recruits GBRs and Cav2.2 channels to post-Golgi vesicles, thus facilitating assembly of GBR/Cav2.2 signaling complexes. In addition, Syt11 stabilizes GBRs and Cav2.2 channels at the neuronal plasma membrane by inhibiting constitutive internalization. Neurons of Syt11 knockout mice exhibit deficits in presynaptic GBRs and Cav2.2 channels, reduced neurotransmitter release, and decreased GBR-mediated presynaptic inhibition, highlighting the critical role of Syt11 in the assembly and stable expression of GBR/Cav2.2 complexes. These findings support that Syt11 acts as a vesicular scaffold protein, aiding in the assembly of signaling complexes from low-abundance components within transport vesicles. This mechanism enables insertion of pre-assembled functional signaling units into the synaptic membrane.
Foliar application of iron-based nanofertilizers to wheat grown in a Cd-contaminated field: implications for food safety and biofortification
Authors: Lian Jiapan , Cheng Liping , Huang Xiwei , Wang Xin , Wang Yi , Deng Chaoyi , Xin Xiaoping , Zou Tong , Chen Yonglong , Yu Hongyu , Liu Weitao , Pan Jianqing , He Zhenli , Yang Xiaoe , White Jason C.
Published: May 2024

Nanotechnology applications in agriculture have received considerable attention with the aim of improving crop production, nutritional quality and food safety.
A facile method for monitoring sphingomyelin synthase activity in HeLa cells using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
Authors: Sundaraswamy Punith M. , Minami Yusuke , Jayaprakash Jayashankar , B. Gowda Siddabasave Gowda , Takatsu Hiroyuki , Gowda Divyavani , Shin Hye-Won , Hui Shu-Ping
Published: May 2024

An LC-MS/MS-based assay for monitoring sphingomyelin synthase (SMS) activity was developed. The method is highly useful in screening novel inhibitors for SMS.
A paper-based point-of-care device for the detection of cysteine using gold nanoparticles from whole blood
Authors: Kumari Monika , Kumar Natish , Kumar Sunny , Gandhi Shivani , Zussman Eyal , Arun Ravi Kumar
Published: May 2024

The colorimetric detection of cysteine (Cys) from whole blood using a dried PVP–AuNP paper surface as a colorimetric probe.
Copper-catalyzed silylation of aryl and alkenyl triflates with silylboronic esters avoiding base-mediated borylation
Authors: Kamio Shintaro , Nakamoto Masaaki , Yamagishi Takehiro , Oestreich Martin , Yoshida Hiroto
Published: May 2024

Catalytic silylation of aryl/alkenyl electrophiles using silylboronic esters with no base-mediated borylation has been developed.
Correction: Synthetic routes to carbon substituted cobalt bis(dicarbollide) alkyl halides and aromatic amines along with closely related irregular pathways
Authors: Nekvinda Jan , Bavol Dmytro , Litecká Miroslava , Tüzün Ece Zeynep , Dušek Michal , Grüner Bohumír
Published: May 2024

Correction for ‘Synthetic routes to carbon substituted cobalt bis(dicarbollide) alkyl halides and aromatic amines along with closely related irregular pathways’ by Jan Nekvinda et al., Dalton Trans., 2024, 53, 5816–5826, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4DT00072B.
Regulating dielectricity of a polymer electrolyte to promote cation mobility for high-performance solid zinc hybrid batteries
Authors: Hou Yue , Wei Zhiquan , Wu Zhuoxi , Wang Yiqiao , Huang Zhaodong , Li Qing , Chen Ze , Li Xinliang , Li Pei , Cui Huilin , Liang Guojin , Zhi Chunyi
Published: May 2024

A PVTF SPE with a high εr effectively promotes salt dissolution, achieving an unprecedented rate of up to 10C for RZHBs.
Green synthesis of water-compatible molecularly imprinted resin on graphene oxide for highly selective extraction of chlorogenic acid in aqueous systems
Authors: Yuan Yanan , Zhang Yanfei , Wang Zhiqiang , Yan Hongyuan
Published: May 2024

A green one-pot synthetic strategy was proposed to design a water-compatible surface molecularly imprinted composite with specific selectivity and high adsorption capability for selective extraction of chlorogenic acid from aqueous systems.
Discovery of a mitochondria-targeted fluorescent probe as TrxR inhibitors for cancer therapy
Authors: Liao Yixian , Zhang Wenda , Zhang Zejun , Yu Wenying
Published: May 2024

Developing fluorescent inhibitors to target subcellular organelles is a promising approach for precision therapy.
Exploring the cellular antioxidant mechanism against cytotoxic silver nanoparticles: a Raman spectroscopic analysis
Authors: Redolfi-Bristol Davide , Yamamoto Kenta , Marin Elia , Zhu Wenliang , Mazda Osam , Riello Pietro , Pezzotti Giuseppe
Published: May 2024

In-time Raman microspectroscopy investigation of intracellular molecular variations revealed the activation of antioxidant mechanisms during the first 24 h of exposure to Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs).
Micelle-based fluorogenic sensing of trypsin: a sensitive method in pancreatic disease diagnosis
Authors: Song Hyebin , Choi Haemin , Kim Young-Sun , Lee Seoung Ho
Published: May 2024

This article describes an AIE-based fluorescence assay that uses protamine-mediated micellar TPE aggregates to efficiently and selectively detect trypsin activity in human urine.
Fabrication of amorphous subnanometric palladium nanostructures on metallic transition metal dichalcogenides for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Mei Liang , Zhang Yuefeng , Ye Zimeng , Han Ting , Hu Honglu , Yang Ruijie , Ying Ting , Zheng Weikang , Yan Ruixin , Zhang Yue , Wang Zhenbin , Zeng Zhiyuan
Published: May 2024

Metallic transition metal dichalcogenide nanosheets decorated with amorphous subnanometric Pd nanoparticles exhibit comparable HER performance to that of commercial Pt–C.
Multi-functionalization of Rh-carbynoids with alcohols/carbamates and α-propargylic-3-indolymethanols
Authors: Luo Jian , Zhang Mengchu , Liu Gengxin , Zhang Zhonghui , Qian Yu , Hu Wenhao
Published: May 2024

This work represents the first example of the interception of a di-heteroatom ylide through an SN1-type process, enabling the multicomponent trifunctionalization of Rh-carbynoids.
Diastereoselective synthesis of cis-cyclopentane-1,2-diamine derivatives via organophotoredox-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloadditions
Authors: Xu Yang , Wu Yinong , Lin Xufeng
Published: May 2024

An efficient way to access diverse cis-cyclopentane-1,2-diamines was developed based on organophotoredox-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloadditions between cyclopropylamines and N-vinylphthalimides.
Visible-light-induced Markovnikov addition of olefin for construction of deuterated α-tertiary amino acid derivatives
Authors: Chen Rui , Lu Cong , Li Yujun , Zheng Ke
Published: May 2024

An efficient photoredox system was reported for construction of deuterated α-tertiary amino acid derivatives through the Markovnikov addition of olefins.
A novel layered double hydroxide-based ternary nanocomposite for the effective photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B
Authors: Abdelbar Nader M. , Ahmed Mohamed A. , Mohamed Ashraf A.
Published: May 2024

Photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants is a green and effective route of wastewater treatment.
A photochromic trinuclear dysprosium(iii) single-molecule magnet with two distinct relaxation processes
Authors: Rogacz Katarzyna , Magott Michał , Baś Sebastian , Foltyn Magdalena , Rams Michał , Pinkowicz Dawid
Published: May 2024

The photochromic trinuclear Dy(iii) single-molecule magnet shows two distinct magnetic relaxation processes associated with two different Dy(iii) geometry types.
Design of microcombustor–thermoelectric coupled device using a CFD-based multiphysics model for power generation
Authors: Yedala Neha , Kaisare Niket S.
Published: May 2024

A combustion-based thermoelectric generator was optimized to yield ∼6 W of power from a single refuellable device, apt for mission-critical and niche applications.
An unprecedented roll-off ratio in high-performing red TADF OLED emitters featuring 2,3-indole-annulated naphthalene imide and auxiliary donors
Authors: Grzelak Magdalena , Kumar Dharmendra , Kochman Michał Andrzej , Morawiak Maja , Wiosna-Sałyga Gabriela , Kubas Adam , Data Przemysław , Lindner Marcin
Published: May 2024

The annulation of an NMI scaffold at positions 3 and 4 with indole, which has a set of twisted electron-rich substituents at its periphery, allows for the development of high-performance and persistent red-TADF OLED emitters.
Magnetic-field induced shape memory hydrogels for deformable actuators
Authors: Tian Ye , Xu Zhirui , Qi Hao , Lu Xiaojun , Jiang Ting , Wang Liqian , Zhang Guang , Xiao Rui , Wu Huaping
Published: May 2024

A magnetic shape memory hydrogel incorporating Fe3O4 with reversible actuation, adjustable stiffness and shape locking property is developed for inductive heating under an alternating magnetic field and deformation under an actuation magnetic field.
Let's get fat: emergence of S-acylation as a therapeutic target in Huntington disease
Authors: Martin Dale D.O. , Sanders Shaun S.
Published: May 2024

Protein mislocalization is a key initial step in neurodegeneration, regardless of etiology, and has been linked to changes in the dynamic addition of saturated fatty acids to proteins, a process known as S-acylation. With the advent of new techniques to study S-acylation and the recent discovery of new enzymes that facilitate protein deacylation, novel small molecules are emerging as potential new therapeutic treatments. Huntington disease (HD) is a devastating, fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor, cognitive, and psychiatric deficits caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the HTT gene. The protein that is mutated in HD, huntingtin, is less S-acylated which is associated with mutant HTT aggregation and cytotoxicity. Recent exciting findings indicate that restoring S-acylation in HD models using small molecule inhibitors of the deacylation enzymes is protective. Herein, we set out to describe the known roles of S-acylation in HD and how it can be targeted for therapeutic design.
Bayesian attention‐based user behaviour modelling for click‐through rate prediction
Authors: Zhang Yihao , Chen Mian , Chen Ruizhen , Zhao Chu , Yuan Meng , Sun Zhu
Published: May 2024

Exploiting the hierarchical dependence behind user behaviour is critical for click‐through rate (CRT) prediction in recommender systems. Existing methods apply attention mechanisms to obtain the weights of items; however, the authors argue that deterministic attention mechanisms cannot capture the hierarchical dependence between user behaviours because they treat each user behaviour as an independent individual and cannot accurately express users' flexible and changeable interests. To tackle this issue, the authors introduce the Bayesian attention to the CTR prediction model, which treats attention weights as data‐dependent local random variables and learns their distribution by approximating their posterior distribution. Specifically, the prior knowledge is constructed into the attention weight distribution, and then the posterior inference is utilised to capture the implicit and flexible user intentions. Extensive experiments on public datasets demonstrate that our algorithm outperforms state‐of‐the‐art algorithms. Empirical evidence shows that random attention weights can predict user intentions better than deterministic ones.
ADIR: Advanced domain‐invariant representation via decoupling learning and information bottleneck
Authors: Zhong Yangyang , Yan Yunfeng , Luo Pengxin , Zhou Yuhao , Qi Donglian
Published: May 2024

The discrepancy in data distribution between training and testing scenarios, as well as the inductive bias of convolutional neural networks towards image styles, reduces the model's generalization ability. Many unsupervised domain generalization methods based on feature decoupling suffer from an initial neglect of explicit decoupling of content and style features, resulting in content features that still contain considerable redundant information, thereby restricting improvements in generalization capability. To tackle this problem, this paper optimizes the learning process of domain‐invariant (content) features into an information compression issue, minimizing redundancy in content features. Furthermore, to enhance decoupled learning, this paper introduces innovative cross‐domain loss functions and image reconstruction modules that explicitly decouple and merge content and style across different domains. Extensive experiments demonstrate the method's significant enhancements over recent cutting‐edge approaches.
Formation of low-mass protostars and their circumstellar disks
Authors: Ahmad A. , González M. , Hennebelle P. , Commerçon B.
Published: May 2024

Context. Understanding circumstellar disks is of prime importance in astrophysics; however, their birth process remains poorly constrained due to observational and numerical challenges. Recent numerical works have shown that the small-scale physics, often wrapped into a sub-grid model, play a crucial role in disk formation and evolution. This calls for a combined approach in which both the protostar and circumstellar disk are studied in concert.

Aims. We aim to elucidate the small-scale physics and constrain sub-grid parameters commonly chosen in the literature by resolving the star-disk interaction.

Methods. We carried out a set of very high resolution 3D radiative-hydrodynamics simulations that self-consistently describe the collapse of a turbulent, dense molecular cloud core to stellar densities. We studied the birth of the protostar, the circumstellar disk, and its early evolution (< 6 yr after protostellar formation).

Results. Following the second gravitational collapse, the nascent protostar quickly reaches breakup velocity and sheds its surface material, thus forming a hot (∼103 K), dense, and highly flared circumstellar disk. The protostar is embedded within the disk such that material can flow without crossing any shock fronts. The circumstellar disk mass quickly exceeds that of the protostar, and its kinematics are dominated by self-gravity. Accretion onto the disk is highly anisotropic, and accretion onto the protostar mainly occurs through material that slides on the disk surface. The polar mass flux is negligible in comparison. The radiative behavior also displays a strong anisotropy, as the polar accretion shock was shown to be supercritical, whereas its equatorial counterpart is subcritical. We also find a remarkable convergence of our results with respect to initial conditions.

Conclusions. These results reveal the structure and kinematics in the smallest spatial scales relevant to protostellar and circumstellar disk evolution. They can be used to describe accretion onto regions commonly described by sub-grid models in simulations studying larger-scale physics.
Evidence of a toroidal magnetic field in the core of 3C 84
Authors: Paraschos G. F. , Debbrecht L. C. , Kramer J. A. , Traianou E. , Liodakis I. , Krichbaum T. P. , Kim J.-Y. , Janssen M. , Nair D. G. , Savolainen T. , Ros E. , Bach U. , Hodgson J. A. , Lisakov M. , MacDonald N. R. , Zensus J. A.
Published: May 2024

The spatial scales of relativistic radio jets, probed by relativistic magneto-hydrodynamic (RMHD) jet launching simulations and by most very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations differ by an order of magnitude. Bridging the gap between these RMHD simulations and VLBI observations requires selecting nearby active galactic nuclei (AGN), the parsec-scale region of which can be resolved. The radio source 3C 84 is a nearby bright AGN fulfilling the necessary requirements: it is launching a powerful, relativistic jet powered by a central supermassive black hole, while also being very bright. Using 22 GHz globe-spanning VLBI measurements of 3C 84 we studied its sub-parsec region in both total intensity and linear polarisation to explore the properties of this jet, with a linear resolution of ∼0.1 parsec. We tested different simulation set-ups by altering the bulk Lorentz factor Γ of the jet, as well as the magnetic field configuration (toroidal, poloidal, helical). We confirm the persistence of a limb brightened structure, which reaches deep into the sub-parsec region. The corresponding electric vector position angles (EVPAs) follow the bulk jet flow inside but tend to be orthogonal to it near the edges. Our state-of-the-art RMHD simulations show that this geometry is consistent with a spine-sheath model, associated with a mildly relativistic flow and a toroidal magnetic field configuration.
Optical measurement instrument for detection of powdery mildew and grey mould in protected crops
Authors: Bouquet G. , Kaspersen K. , Haugholt K.H.
Published: May 2024

This study presents an initiative aimed at developing a real-time optical measurement system for non-contact measurement of airborne fungal spores in protected crops such as strawberries, tomatoes, and cucumbers. The system is based on a customized microscope and an automatic system for trapping fungal spores. It has been tested in the field under real conditions, and image processing algorithms have been developed to identify fungal spores in high-resolution microscope images.
Pädiatrische Rhinologie
Authors: Hackenberg Stephan , Renson Ariane , Röseler Stefani Maria , Baumann Ingo , Topcuoglu Miray-Su Yilmaz , Hebestreit Helge
Published: May 2024

Der folgende Übersichtsartikel beleuchtet Schwerpunkte der pädiatrischen
Rhinologie, die aktuell in der Wissenschaft und auf Tagungen sowie in der
interdisziplinären Diskussion zwischen Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde und Pädiatrie
federführend thematisiert werden. Im Speziellen werden angeborene Fehlbildungen
wie die Choanalatresie oder die nasalen Dermoidzysten diskutiert. Des Weiteren
folgt eine Stellungnahme zum aktuellen Vorgehen bei sinugenen orbitalen
Komplikationen sowie zur Diagnostik und Therapie der chronischen Rhinosinusitis
bei Kindern. Im Besonderen folgen Updates zur Aufgabe des
Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Arztes bei der Betreuung von Kindern mit zystischer Fibrose und
Primärer Ziliendyskinesie.