bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Survey of Specialist Youth Gender Diversity Services in Australia: A Whole‐of‐Family Approach
Authors: Westwater Jason , Riley Elizabeth , Peterson Gregory
Published: November 2019

The number of referrals for children and young people seeking to affirm their gender has risen exponentially in Australia and elsewhere. Whilst the individual mental health needs and treatment outcomes for this group have been the subject of recent research, considerably less emphasis has been placed on exploring and amalgamating individual family member experiences, particularly siblings, using circular questioning. Yet, gender diversity is known to affect everyone in the family, and research clearly demonstrates that youth who feel validated and supported by individual family members in their gender identities benefit from improved mental health and global outcomes. This study aims to explore current clinical practices, professional viewpoints, use of circular questioning, and whole‐of‐family involvement in specialist youth gender diversity services in Australia. Clinical leads and coordinators of publicly funded youth gender diversity services and individual specialists across Australia were invited to complete an online survey, exploring individual protocols and practices in relation to involving the family, and the rationale underpinning this. All six respondents agreed that adopting a systemic understanding, considering general family functioning, and seeking individual family member opinions, was critical. Nevertheless, all family members were infrequently seen, with resourcing issues and time constraints being cited as the main reasons. The value of adopting a systemic and whole‐of‐family line of enquiry was supported by all respondents. Whilst sibling viewpoints were considered valuable by most professionals, siblings were infrequently seen for a variety of reasons. Further attention could therefore be given to involving siblings during specialist assessments. The findings consistently highlighted the value of a systemic line of enquiry and whole‐of‐family approach for gender diversity services and specialists. However, no current assessment guidelines incorporate this as a recommendation. Therefore, future Australian guidelines could formalise a systemic approach.
Synthesis of nonplanar bipyridyls bridged by disilane and disiloxane and their phosphorescent copper complexes
Authors: Ohshita Joji , Kai Takashi , Adachi Yohei , Yamaji Kosuke , Nakamura Masashi , Watase Seiji , Mori Shingo , Matsuyama Noritsumi
Published: November 2019

Disilane‐ and disiloxane‐bridged bipyridyls (DSBPy and DSOBPy) were prepared and their optical properties were investigated in comparison with those of previously reported monosilane‐ and monogermane‐bridged counterparts. The UV–visible absorption and photoluminescence bands of DSBPy and DSOBPy were blue‐shifted as a result of elongation of the bridging units from monosilane and monogermane to disilane and disiloxane, likely due to the enhanced twisting of the bipyridyl units. Phosphorescent complexes DSBPy–Cu and DSOBPy–Cu were prepared by the interaction of DSBPy and DSOBPy with Cu2I2(PPh3)2. X‐ray diffraction studies of their single‐crystal structures revealed polymeric structures composed of repeat units of DSBPy or DSOBPy and [CuII(PPh3)]2. Organic light‐emitting diodes with the ITO/PEDOT:PSS/DSBPy–Cu or DSOBPy–Cu:PCTSQ/TAZ/Al structure were fabricated to examine the applications of the complexes as electroluminescent materials. The devices emitted yellow light with emission maxima at approximately 600 nm, and maximal luminance reached 120 and 190 cd m−2 for devices based on DSBPy–Cu and DSOBPy–Cu, respectively. The performance of the DSOBPy–Cu‐based device was improved by using TAZ as the dopant of the emissive layer, and luminance was increased to 390 cd m−2.
Assessing the effectiveness of restoration actions for Bryozoans: The case of the Mediterranean Pentapora fascialis
Authors: Pagès‐Escolà Marta , Linares Cristina , Gómez‐Gras Daniel , Medrano Alba , Hereu Bernat
Published: November 2019

Marine ecosystems are highly affected by several human stressors. In this context, beyond passive restoration measures such as the creation of marine protected areas, it is urgent that we explore active restoration measures to enhance and accelerate the recovery of sessile marine species.

Bryozoans are among the most common sessile invertebrates in rocky bottom ecosystems and are considered habitat‐forming species that are highly vulnerable to physical disturbances, such as recreational diving, ghost fishing nets, and global warming, which makes them highly vulnerable to other impacts. Despite their ecological importance and vulnerability, to date restoration actions for bryozoans have rarely been explored.

In this study, different restoration techniques were developed and tested, with a focus on two types of effective methodologies previously applied to other marine invertebrates: recruitment enhancement and the transplantation of adult colonies, in both cases using the Mediterranean bryozoan Pentapora fascialis as a model species.

First, different types of artificial surfaces were installed in different coralligenous habitats to test the enhancement of recruitment, concluding that plastic grids are the best substrate in terms of facilitating the recruitment of new bryozoan colonies.

Second, different methodologies were tested for adult transplantation. The most successful was to fix colonies to a suitable substrate with a nylon thread attached to the colony ex situ (i.e. on the boat).

Using this technique a trial restoration programme was undertaken, involving transplanting adult colonies collected from a ghost fishing net trapped on the bottom, which showed a high survival rate of ~50% after 6 months.

The low economic cost of the implementation of the proposed techniques as well as the successful results obtained highlight the viability of restoring bryozoan populations over long temporal and spatial scales.
Filter‐based portfolio strategies in an HMM setting with varying correlation parametrizations
Authors: Erlwein‐Sayer Christina , Grimm Stefanie , Ruckdeschel Peter , Sass Jörn , Sayer Tilman
Published: November 2019

We consider portfolio optimization in a regime‐switching market. The assets of the portfolio are modeled through a hidden Markov model (HMM) in discrete time, where drift and volatility of the single assets are allowed to switch between different states. We consider different parametrizations of the involved asset covariances: statewise uncorrelated assets (though linked through the common Markov chain), assets correlated in a state‐independent way, and assets where the correlation varies from state to state. As a benchmark, we also consider a model without regime switches. We utilize a filter‐based expectation‐maximization (EM) algorithm to obtain optimal parameter estimates within this multivariate HMM and present parameter estimators in all three HMM settings. We discuss the impact of these different models on the performance of several portfolio strategies. Our findings show that for simulated returns, our strategies in many settings outperform naïve investment strategies, like the equal weights strategy. Information criteria can be used to detect the best model for estimation as well as for portfolio optimization. A second study using real data confirms these findings.
Multifrequency Analysis of Single Inductive Coil Measurements Across a Gel Phantom Simulation of Internal Bleeding in the Brain
Authors: Oziel Moshe , Hjouj Mohammad , Rubinsky Boris , Korenstein Rafi
Published: November 2019

The present study is part of an ongoing effort to develop a simple diagnostic technology for detecting internal bleeding in the brain, which can be used in lieu or in support of medical imaging and thereby reduce the cost of diagnostics in general, and in particular, would make diagnostics accessible to economically disadvantaged populations. The study deals with a single coil inductive device to be used for detecting cerebral hemorrhage. It presents a first‐order experimental study that examines the predictions of our recently published theoretical study. The experimental model employs a homogeneous cylindrical phantom in which internal head bleeding was simulated by way of a fluid inclusion. We measured the changes in amplitude and phase across the coil with a network vector analyzer as a function of frequency (100–1,000 MHz), volume of blood simulating fluid, and the site of the fluid injection. We have developed a new mathematical model to statistically analyze the complex data produced in this experiment. We determined that the resolution for the fluid volume increase following fluid injection is strongly dependent on frequency as well as the location of liquid accumulation. The experimental data obtained in this study supports the predictions of our previous theoretical study, and the statistical analysis shows that the simple single coil device is sensitive enough to detect changes due to fluid volume alteration of two milliliters. Bioelectromagnetics. 2020;41:21–33 © 2019 Bioelectromagnetics Society
Determination of urinary methylhippuric acids using MIL‐53‐NH2 (Al) metal–organic framework in microextraction by packed sorbent followed by HPLC–UV analysis
Authors: Pirmohammadi Zahra , Bahrami Abdulrahman , Nematollahi Davood , Alizadeh Saber , Ghorbani Shahna Farshid , Rahimpoor Razzagh
Published: November 2019

For the analysis of methylhippuric acids (MHAs) in human urine samples, in this study, a new method based on the metal–organic framework (MOF) of MIL‐53‐NH2 (Al) in microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) was developed. The synthesis of MIL‐53‐NH2 (Al) was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, field emission‐scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. Response surface methodology was used to investigate the influences of several parameters including type and volume of elution, type of conditional solvent, sample volume and extraction cycle on MEPS efficiency. The results showed good recoveries (>94%) and excellent extraction efficiencies (>96%) at three different concentrations of 50, 500 and 1500 μg ml−1 (as low, mid and high concentrations, respectively) of MHA isomers. Calibration curves of MHAs were linear over the concentration range of 1–1500 μg ml−1, with high correlation coefficients (r ≥ 0.998). The reproducibility of the proposed MIL‐53‐MEPS for determination of three isomers of MHA was found to be in the range of 3.5–11.1%. After optimization of the proposed technique, it was used to analyze MHAs in urine samples of workers exposed to xylenes in a petrochemical plant in Asalouyah, Iran. The results indicated that the MOF–MEPS method was selective, sensitive, rapid and efficient for the extraction of urinary MHAs. The technique is also environmentally friendly and inexpensive, and the MOF sorbent is reusable.
How can ‘we’ help? Exploring the role of shared social identity in the experiences and benefits of volunteering
Authors: Gray Debra , Stevenson Clifford
Published: November 2019

Previous research on volunteering has largely focused on the individual characteristics and experiences of volunteers, or on their relationship with a volunteering organisation, neglecting the group dynamics of volunteering. To address this gap, we apply a social identity and “Social Cure” perspective in a thematic analysis of interviews with 40 volunteers from across the South of England. This analysis highlights that group identities are fundamental to volunteers' motivations and experiences of volunteering. Sharing an identity with other volunteers promoted feelings of belonging, which in turn impacted upon the participants' wellbeing. Identity processes also underpinned interactions with the beneficiaries of help and how volunteers managed the challenges of helping. Finally, shared identity facilitated collective support between volunteers, which was necessary to deal with the challenges of the volunteering role, and this could be facilitated or hindered by the volunteering organisation. We discuss the implications for how volunteering organisations can enhance identity‐mediated helping, as well as for understanding the impact of volunteering on health and wellbeing.
Campus safety audit finds increase in violent crime happening to college‐age youth
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: November 2019

A new study ranking the most and least safe college campuses and cities with colleges and universities in the United States has found that Americans between the ages of 18 and 24 have the highest rates of all violent victimization and serious violent victimization, including sexual assault, robbery, and aggravated assault. The study, published by SafeHome, analyzed data from the U.S. Department of Justice, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and the U.S. Department of Education, looking particularly at crimes that occur on college and university campuses in more than 150 cities.
Rectal perforation after barium enema: A case report
Authors: Duarte Josiana de Oliveira Martins , Pereira Paula Maria Lobato Pestana , Sobral Ana Sofia Gonçalves , de Oliveira João Pedro Rosa , Rita Henrique José Barrelas , de Sousa e Costa José António
Published: November 2019

Colorectal perforation after barium enema it is a rare complication, but has a high mortality rate. With the emergence of endoscopic examinations, barium enemas have fallen into disuse and doctors are less aware of its complications. This case is of the utmost importance as failure to recognize it could be fatal.
Methylerythritol Phosphate Pathway: Enzymatic Evidence for a Rotation in the LytB/IspH‐Catalyzed Reaction
Authors: Chaignon Philippe , Petit Benoît Eric , Vincent Bruno , Allouche Lionel , Seemann Myriam
Published: November 2019

IspH/LytB, an oxygen‐sensitive [4Fe‐4S] enzyme, catalyzes the last step of the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway, a target for the development of new antimicrobial agents. This metalloenzyme converts (E)‐4‐hydroxy‐3‐methylbut‐2‐en‐1‐yl diphosphate (HMBPP) into the two isoprenoid precursors: isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). Here, the synthesis of (S)‐[4‐2H1]HMBPP and (R)‐[4‐2H1]HMBPP is reported together with a detailed NMR analysis of the products formed after their respective incubation with E. coli IspH/LytB in the presence of the biological reduction system used by E. coli to reduce the [4Fe‐4S] center. (S)‐[4‐2H1]HMBPP was converted into [4‐2H1]DMAPP and (E)‐[4‐2H1]IPP, whereas (R)‐[4‐2H1]HMBPP yielded [4‐2H1]DMAPP and (Z)‐[4‐2H1]IPP, hence providing the direct enzymatic evidence that the mechanism catalyzed by IspH/LytB involves a rotation of the CH2OH group of the substrate to display it away from the [4Fe‐4S].
Black Phosphorus Nanosheets Counteract Bacteria without Causing Antibiotic Resistance
Authors: Liu Wenxin , Zhang Yinan , Zhang Yanling , Dong Alideertu
Published: November 2019

Antibiotic resistance poses severe health threats throughout the world. Exploring new antibiotics is widely recognized as an effective strategy to counter antibiotic resistance, but new antibiotics will eventually lead to further antibiotic resistance when new drugs are misused or overused. An alternative tactic may be antibacterial regulation on demand. Here, we show experimentally and theoretically that unstable black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNs) can function as antibacterial agents without causing antibiotic resistance. This antibacterial strategy relies on an unprecedented synergism: The BPNs use reactive oxygen species, are not toxic towards nonbacterial cells within a wide range of BPN concentration (0.01–2.0 mg mL−1), and are chemically degradable on demand. BPNs thus offer a promising approach to fighting bacterial infections without causing antibiotic resistance. We believe this proposed strategy offers new insights into instability‐guided antibacterial therapy in clinical applications and indicates a new direction for fighting antibiotic resistance.
Disappearing Polymorphs in Metal–Organic Framework Chemistry: Unexpected Stabilization of a Layered Polymorph over an Interpenetrated Three‐Dimensional Structure in Mercury Imidazolate
Authors: Speight Isaiah R. , Huskić Igor , Arhangelskis Mihails , Titi Hatem M. , Stein Robin S. , Hanusa Timothy P. , Friščić Tomislav
Published: November 2019

The “disappearing polymorph” phenomenon is well established in organic solids, and has had a profound effect in pharmaceutical materials science. The first example of this effect in metal‐containing systems in general, and in coordination‐network solids in particular, is here reported. Specifically, attempts to mechanochemically synthesize a known interpenetrated diamondoid (dia) mercury(II) imidazolate metal–organic framework (MOF) yielded a novel, more stable polymorph based on square‐grid (sql) layers. Simultaneously, the dia‐form was found to be highly elusive, observed only as a short‐lived intermediate in monitoring solvent‐free synthesis and not at all from solution. The destabilization of a dense dia‐framework relative to a lower dimensionality one is in contrast to the behavior of other imidazolate MOFs, with periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations showing that it arises from weak interactions, including structure‐stabilizing agostic C−H⋅⋅⋅Hg contacts. While providing a new link between MOFs and crystal engineering of organic solids, these findings highlight a possible role for agostic interactions in directing topology and stability of MOF polymorphs.
Formation Mechanism of ZnO Nanorod Superstructures in Different Solvents
Authors: Yue Mingli , Yang Lei , Hou Ying , Zhu Jiaqi , Yang Ming
Published: November 2019

Hierarchical superstructures consisting of nanoscale building blocks show great potential in achieving configurable properties. In this work, two patterns of ZnO nanorod superstructures are obtained directly by thermal decomposition of zinc acetylacetonate in different solvents. Namely, fan‐shaped structures are obtained in methanol, whereas side‐by‐side assembly is achieved in n‐pentanol. Time‐dependent observations indicate the formation of quasi‐spherical particles at the beginning of the reaction, which later transform into different superstructures depending on the types of solvents. The selective formation of superstructures is rationalized based on the calculation of interaction potentials between two nanorods with either crossed or side‐by‐side spatial organizations. The results reveal the significant role of solvents in affecting electrostatic repulsion, which may compete with attractive van der Waals forces leading to the favored superstructures.
Effect of Water and Alkali‐Ion Content on the Structure of Manganese(II) Hexacyanoferrate(II) by a Joint Operando X‐ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Chemometric Approach
Authors: Mullaliu Angelo , Aquilanti Giuliana , Conti Paolo , Giorgetti Marco , Passerini Stefano
Published: November 2019

Manganese hexacyanoferrate (MnHCF) is made of earth‐abundant elements by a safe and easy synthesis. The material features a higher specific capacity at a higher potential than other Prussian blue analogs. However, the effect of hydration is critical to determine the electrochemical performance as both the electrochemical behavior and the reaction dynamics are affected by interstitial/structural water and adsorbed water. In this study, the electrochemical activity of MnHCF is investigated by varying the interstitial ion content through a joint operando X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and chemometric approach, with the intent to assess the structural and electronic modifications that occur during Na release and Li insertion, as well as the overall dynamic evolution of the system. In MnHCF, both the Fe and Mn centers are electrochemically active and undergo reversible oxidation during the interstitial ion extraction (Fe2+/Fe3+ and Mn2+/Mn3+). The adsorption of water results in irreversible capacity during charge but only on the Fe site, which is suggested by our chemometric analysis. The local environment of Mn experiences a substantial yet reversible Jahn–Teller effect upon interstitial ion removal because of the formation of trivalent Mn, which is associated with a decrease of the equatorial Mn−N bond lengths by 10 %.
Controllable Fabrication and Li Storage Kinetics of 1 D Spinel LiMn2O4 Positive Materials for Li‐ion Batteries: An Exploration of Critical Diameter
Authors: Zhu Chengyi , Zhang Yannan , Yu Xiaohua , Dong Peng , Duan Jianguo , Liu Jiaming , Liu Jianxiong , Zhang Yingjie
Published: November 2019

The morphology and size of nanoelectrode materials determine their properties. Compared to the bulk structure electrodes, 1 D electrode materials for Li‐ion batteries have been intensively studied owing to their excellent Li+ diffusion kinetics. It is generally accepted that smaller‐sized electrode materials lead to better Li storage kinetics. In this study, this is found to not be the case in 1 D LiMn2O4 positive materials. A facile strategy of manipulating the KMnO4 concentration is introduced to precisely fabricate 1 D LiMn2O4 nanorods with four distinct diameter gradients from 30 to 170 nm. The role of 1 D crystal size in effecting interface chemical species and electrochemical performance is elucidated by comparative characterization methods. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) Ar‐ion etching technology shows that the Mn2+ is electrochemically inactive on the surface of the sample, which explains the adverse effects observed on LiMn2O4 nanorods with the minimum diameter of 30–40 nm, such as decreased discharge capacity. The LiMn2O4 nanorod with a critical diameter of approximately 70–80 nm displays the highest discharge capacity and promising cycling performance. This work clarifies an important property that has previously been neglected and deepens the understanding for design of Mn‐based positive materials.
FRAME routing with game theory optimization for wireless networks
Authors: Radha Subramanyam , Bala Gnanadhas Josemin , Nagabushanam Perattur
Published: November 2019

Wireless ad hoc networks have a wide variety of applications in the present world. Creating routes between the nodes and with low energy consumption is a major challenge in wireless ad hoc networks. In this paper, we have proposed FRAME routing for ad hoc networks, which consider the entire network based on hierarchal Bayesian model. It works on game theory–based Chow‐Liu algorithm for establishing routes from source to destination considering the best neighbors in the path. FRAME routing is further analyzed with SMAC and conventional MAC in various scenarios. They are also compared with conventional MAC in AODV routing in terms of energy consumption, delay, throughput, PDR, and goodput. The entire simulations are carried out using NS2 and SMAC in FRAME routing that give better performance compared with conventional MAC in FRAME, AODV routing.
Master the search for external department chair hires with these insights
Authors: Schwebel David C.
Published: November 2019

Academic leaders recognize the importance of talented department chairs. We also recognize when a department chair is underperforming, as poor performance leads to a myriad of difficult consequences, including intra‐departmental faculty conflict, missed deadlines, and mismanagement of student issues.
Meet the needs of disability services coordinators for better student services, staff retention
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: November 2019

BOSTON — Being a disability services coordinator is a demanding job. As a supervisor, consider what you can do to support your DS coordinators. Kathy Loder‐Murphy, M.A., Assistant Director of the Office of Disability Services at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, gave tips for supporting these members of your team at a session at the Association for Higher Education And Disability annual conference.
Incubation recess behaviors influence nest survival of Wild Turkeys
Authors: Bakner Nicholas W. , Schofield Landon R. , Cedotal Cody , Chamberlain Michael J. , Collier Bret A.
Published: November 2019

In ground nesting upland birds, reproductive activities contribute to elevated predation risk, so females presumably use multiple strategies to ensure nest success. Identification of drivers reducing predation risk has primarily focused on evaluating vegetative conditions at nest sites, but behavioral decisions manifested through movements during incubation may be additional drivers of nest survival. However, our understanding of how movements during incubation impact nest survival is limited for most ground nesting birds. Using GPS data collected from female Eastern Wild Turkeys (n = 206), we evaluated nest survival as it relates to movement behaviors during incubation, including recess frequency, distance traveled during recesses, and habitat selection during recess movements. We identified 9,361 movements off nests and 6,529 recess events based on approximately 62,065 hr of incubation data, and estimated mean nest attentiveness of 84.0%. The numbers of recesses taken daily were variable across females (range: 1‒7). Nest survival modeling indicated that increased cumulative distance moved during recesses each day was the primary driver of positive daily nest survival. Our results suggest behavioral decisions are influencing trade‐offs between nest survival and adult female survival during incubation to reduce predation risk, specifically through adjustments to distances traveled during recesses.
Ecohydrogeochemical functioning of coastal freshwater herbaceous wetlands in the Protected Natural Area, Ciénaga del Fuerte (American tropics): Spatiotemporal behaviour
Authors: Sánchez‐Higueredo Lorena Elisa , Ramos‐Leal José Alfredo , Morán‐Ramírez Janete , Moreno‐Casasola Barceló Patricia , Rodríguez‐Robles Ulises , Hernández Alarcón María Elizabeth
Published: November 2019

Coastal zones are characterized by the interactions between continents and oceans and, therefore, between fresh and salt surface and groundwater. The wetlands of coastal zones represent transitional ecosystems that are affected by these conditions, although little is known about the hydrogeochemistry of wetlands, especially coastal wetlands. In the present study, the hydrogeochemical characterization of coastal freshwater herbaceous wetlands in the Ciénaga del Fuerte Protected Natural Area in Veracruz, Mexico, in the American tropics was carried out per plant community. Four herbaceous wetlands (alligator flag, saw grass, cattail, and floodplain pasture) were monitored to understand the origin of the water feeding these ecosystems, the hydrogeochemical composition of groundwater, and the relationship between the groundwater and ecology of these ecosystems during dry and rainy seasons. The results indicate that Ciénaga del Fuerte is located in a regional discharge area and receives local recharge, so it is fed by both regional and local flows. The chemical composition varied temporally and spatially, creating unique conditions that determined the habitat occupied by the hydrophytic vegetation. The spatiotemporal behaviour of groundwater is one factor that, along with the hydroperiod, determines wetland dynamics and affects wetland biota (ecohydrogeochemistry). Generalist plant communities established in zones of local recharge, whereas other more specialized and/or plastic communities inhabited zones receiving regional flows with greater ion concentrations. This information forms the basis for establishing an appropriate scale (municipal, state, or larger regions) for the sustainable management of goods and services provided by the wetlands.
Limited impacts of experimental flow releases on water quality and macroinvertebrate community composition in an upland regulated river
Authors: Gillespie Ben R. , Kay Paul , Brown Lee E.
Published: November 2019

River regulation following the construction of dams has affected the hydrology, water quality, and biology of watercourses across the globe. The term “environmental flows” has been used to describe measures that can be employed to return some lost elements of the natural flow regime. Their introduction has been suggested as a way to mitigate the impacts of river regulation throughout the world, but understanding of the effects of artificial high flows on water quality and biota is limited for many different river types. We report a field study that manipulated compensation flows from reservoirs in the Pennine uplands of northern England and measured changes in water quality and benthic macroinvertebrates using a before‐after‐control‐impact approach. These resulted in minor short‐term changes in water quality, but there was no evidence of immediate (within 48 hr) responses by the macroinvertebrate community to individual flow releases. However, a shift in macroinvertebrate community composition was found after multiple releases, characterized by reductions in Amphinemura sulcicollis (Plecoptera) and Baetis rhodani (Ephemeroptera) and changes in the density of all Diptera. The introduction of short‐term flow pulses in flashy regulated river systems is unlikely to yield significant changes in water quality and biota. Nevertheless, cumulative rather than single environmental flow events show promise for mitigating some of the impacts of river regulation. More widely, our findings indicate that environmental flow releases from reservoirs may have to go beyond occasional experimental high flow releases if these rivers are to more closely mimic unregulated river systems.
Summer stream temperature changes following forest harvest in the headwaters of the Trask River watershed, Oregon Coast Range
Authors: Reiter Maryanne , Johnson Sherri L. , Homyack Jessica , Jones Jay E. , James Peter L.
Published: November 2019

The Trask River Watershed Study in the northern Oregon Coast Range was designed to examine physical, chemical, and biological effects of contemporary forest management practices on aquatic ecosystems. We measured stream temperature for 11 summers in 15 small watersheds, eight of which were harvested in 2012. Three riparian buffer treatments, which varied by landowner, were implemented. Using half‐hourly data, we characterized summer water temperature distributions with five percentiles: 5th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 95th. Each percentile was analysed as a separate response variable using a linear mixed model. After harvest, streams without overstory buffer requirements showed shifts in all the percentiles of the temperature distribution; the largest increase (3.6°C) occurred at the 95th percentile. Sites with narrow riparian buffers showed little to no change. We also calculated changes in duration of thermal exposure above 15°C and 16°C for two species of native stream amphibians; these temperatures occurred 4.7% and 1.3% of the time postharvest in the sites clearcut with no buffer. Analysis of distributions of summer temperatures preharvest and postharvest enabled us to more fully characterize site‐to‐site variability and responses to forest management.
To list or not to list: using time since invasion to refine impact assessment for an exotic plant proposed as noxious
Authors: Ortega Yvette K. , Valliant Morgan T. , Pearson Dean E.
Published: November 2019

Methods that allow rapid and robust evaluation of plant invader impacts are needed to identify problematic species before they become too widespread to effectively manage. While observational data can be readily gathered to identify negative relationships between invading and native species, these patterns are not necessarily indicative of invader impact and may instead reflect the legacy of past conditions influencing invasibility. We augmented standard observational methods by using local‐scale time‐since‐invasion information in conjunction with rapidly gathered plant abundance data to evaluate potential impacts of common buckthorn (Ramnus cathartica), a woody exotic in the early stages of invasion in Montana, USA. This species occurred as scattered populations of limited distribution and was proposed for listing as a state noxious weed, but empirical information on ecological impacts in the region was lacking. We recorded cover of understory and overstory plants across gradients of buckthorn invasion at 12 riparian sites representing five river drainages throughout the state. Uninvaded plots were located proximal to invaded plots at each site. Time since invasion per plot was approximated by aging buckthorn plants via annual rings. We found strong negative correlations between cover of native plants and buckthorn. In addition, buckthorn overstory cover increased with time since invasion, while native overstory cover decreased with invasion time, consistent with an impact scenario wherein the progression of invasion and associated increases in invader abundance suppressed native taxa. Although environmental factors that simultaneously promoted the increase of invaders and the decline of natives over time could have produced patterns mimicking invader impact, such a mechanism would have been more likely to manifest at broad scales to affect both uninvaded and invaded plots at a site. Our approach of using local‐scale time‐since‐invasion data to examine temporal signatures strengthened inferences made from standard observational methods and provided key input to support the listing of an emerging invader as a noxious weed in Montana. These results suggest that rapid empirical assessments of plant communities that consider time since invasion could be used to more confidently evaluate invader impacts and better inform the listing process for noxious and other regulated species.
The Use of Chiral ortho‐Auxiliaries/Substituents and Remote Stereogenic Centers in Atropselective Biaryl Synthesis
Authors: Nguyen Thien T.
Published: November 2019

Axially chiral biaryls are core structures of increasingly important organic molecules including bioactive natural products, drugs, chiral ligands and organocatalysts. Among established methods for accessing these axially chiral structures, chiral ortho‐auxiliaries/substituents and remote stereogenic centers have provided useful strategies for the preparation of highly functionalized enantiopure biaryl compounds such as gossypol, rugulotrosin A, korupensamine A, phosphine ligands, sulfoxides, and 2‐amino‐2′‐hydroxy‐1,1′‐binaphthyls (NOBINs). These strategies, which entail point‐to‐axial chirality transfer, have received increasing attention in the last thirty years. This minireview up to October 2019 describes these methods with attention to the atropselective formation of biaryl systems influenced by chiral ortho‐auxiliaries/substituents and remote stereogenic centers.
Schmidt hammer and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) used to detect single‐event displacements on the Pleasant Valley fault (Nevada, USA)
Authors: Stahl Timothy , Tye Alexander
Published: November 2019

Changes in surface roughness on carbonate fault scarps often reflect varying durations of subaerial weathering. On the Pleasant Valley fault in central Nevada, the documentation of a surface rupture in 1915, a long recurrence interval of faulting, slow weathering rate, and a relatively high (2–3 m) single‐event displacement make the discrimination of the historical and penultimate slip patches unambiguous. Following from a 2018 study, we used a Schmidt hammer and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) to further test whether these weathering patterns delineate exposed slip patches on a fault scarp. Results show that Schmidt hammer rebound value ranges (termed ΔR – the difference between minimum and maximum R‐values in repeat impacts at a point), increase by ~8–10 points across the historical–penultimate event transition zone in two separate scarp transects. TLS‐derived surface roughness also indicates a clear difference between the most recent and penultimate events. The average single‐event displacement (SED) estimated using the Schmidt hammer and TLS is 2.85 m at two transect sites and is roughly equivalent to the visually estimated 3 m. While this fault is an ideal case where we know some of the slip history, the results demonstrate that these techniques show promise for discriminating slip patches on larger carbonate fault scarps with longer paleoearthquake histories, and could be used alongside 36Cl cosmogenic exposure‐age dating to improve paleoseismic records on normal faults. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On finding optimum commuting path in a road network: A computational approach for smart city traveling
Authors: Halim Zahid , Khan Aqsa , Sulaiman Muhammad , Anwar Sajid , Nawaz Muhammad
Published: November 2019

Commuting in big cities with heavy traffic is a real‐world task faced by many on a daily basis. Finding a suitable path for commuting in real‐life complex traffic networks is an important research problem with many applications. The existing work in this domain is based on the travel time and distance from source to destination. However, other than these two factors, there are many additional features that impact the overall travel time and its quality. Some of these additional features include environmental factors, road condition, and the traffic flow. The driving time can be minimized by selecting the most suitable path where there is less congestion and other travel related conditions are favorable. Commuting duration can increase even on the shortest path if there is congestion or the route is blocked. This work presents a mobile crowdsourcing‐based model to find suitable commuting path(s) by considering the factors that directly or indirectly influence the overall travel time. Experiment in this work refers the naturalistic driving study to select the travel related features. An algorithm is proposed to find the suitable path from the user provided source to the destination using crowdsourced data generated using mobile application. Unlike other algorithms, the proposed approach can address the network peculiarities where travel cost is not only based on the distance between the nodes but other indirect factors are also involved. This work extracts all possible paths from a source to the destination and then computes the travel cost in terms of distance and satellite factors across the paths. This proposal is evaluated on eight large real‐world road network data sets. A comparison is performed with four state‐of‐the‐art pathfinding methods. These include, Floyd‐Warshall algorithm, Bellman‐Ford algorithm, open shortest path first algorithm, and Dijkstra algorithm. Empirical analysis shows that the additional factors incorporated in the proposed mobile crowdsourcing model while finding a suitable path have a significant impact on the travel time. The results show better performance of the proposed model than its counterparts.
Experimental analysis of received signals strength in Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) and its effect on distance and position estimation
Authors: Subhan Fazli , Khan Asfandyar , Saleem Sajid , Ahmed Shakeel , Imran Muhammad , Asghar Zubair , Bangash Javed Iqbal
Published: November 2019

Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) is the measurement of the power in the radio signal and a parameter for distance‐based measurements. Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is an advance implementation for Internet of Things (IoT). BLE beacons‐based indoor positioning systems provide an easy and energy‐efficient, low deployment cost solution for wide variety of applications including smart phones. This paper presents an in‐depth experimental study of BLE RSSI in a dense indoor environment. Due to noise, fluctuations in RSSI occur, which produces distance estimation error, which ultimately affect position estimation accuracy. The main objective of this paper is to know the variations in RSSI and develop a radio propagation model in order to minimize the distance estimation and position estimation error. Based on our real‐time experimental analysis using BLE modules, there is an average 1.32‐m position estimation error in the presence of 10‐dBm variation in RSSI. Moreover, we also observed that environmental specific radio propagation constants greatly affect distance and position estimation accuracy in BLE modules.
An abrupt oceanic change and frequent climate fluctuations across the Frasnian–Famennian transition of Late Devonian: Constraints from conodont Sr isotope
Authors: Zhang Liyu , Chen Daizhao , Huang Taiyu , Yu Hao , Zhou Xiqiang , Wang Jianguo
Published: November 2019

The Late Devonian Frasnian–Famennian (F‐F) transition witnessed one of the “big five” mass extinction events in the Phanerozoic. We here present high‐resolution conodont Sr isotopic data from Fuhe (South China) and Kowala (South Central Poland) sections to reveal coeval climatic and environmental variations and potential causes of this biotic crisis. Fuhe and Kowala sections yield 87Sr/86Sr ratios from 0.70815 to 0.70864 and 0.70808 to 0.70836, respectively. These Sr isotopic data demonstrate three distinctive variation cycles (I, II, and III), notably at Fuhe, fluctuating from low (negative) to higher Sr isotope ratios (positive excursion). Temporally, fluctuations I and II occurred immediately before the F‐F boundary, and fluctuation III started almost from the onset of the Famennian age. These conodont 87Sr/86Sr (low‐to‐high) fluctuations temporally match well the paces of conodont δ18O (low‐to‐high) and Δ13Ccarb‐org (high‐to‐low ) fluctuations from the identical section published previously. These Sr isotopic fluctuations thus corroborate the cyclic variations in volcanic activity/flux and weathering intensity/riverine flux in parallel with climate warm‐to‐cool fluctuations. Mass balance modelling shows the first exceptionally high Sr isotope spike (I) could have been only yielded by a dramatic increase in terrestrial flux in a somewhat restricted Palaeo‐Tethys, likely due to the closure of the oceanic domain between Laurussia and Gondwana and sea‐level fall. This scenario would enhance the seawater eutrophication/anoxia in the pericontinental basins along the Palaeo‐Tethys, causing initial strikes on the low‐latitude shallow marine benthos. Subsequently, the frequent climatic fluctuations may have further caused escalating detrimental ecological pressures, leading to their massive demise.
Do hospitals respond to decreasing prices by supplying more services?
Authors: Salm Martin , Wübker Ansgar
Published: November 2019

Regulated prices are common in markets for medical care. We estimate the effect of changes in regulated reimbursement prices on volume of hospital care based on a reform of hospital financing in Germany. Uniquely, this reform changed the overall level of reimbursement—with increasing prices for some hospitals and decreasing prices for others—without directly affecting the relative prices for different groups of patients or types of treatment. Based on administrative data, we find that hospitals react to increasing prices by decreasing the service supply and to decreasing prices by increasing the service supply. Moreover, we find some evidence that volume changes for hospitals with different price changes are nonlinear. We interpret our findings as evidence for a negative income effect of prices on volume of care.
The relationship between health care providers' perceived work climate, organizational commitment, and caring efficacy at pediatric intensive care units, Cairo University
Authors: Attia Mona Adel Soliman , Youseff Meray Rene Labib , Abd El Fatah Shaimaa A.M. , Ibrahem Sally Kamal , Gomaa Nancy A.S.
Published: November 2019

Background

Healthy work environment has a significant impact on patients, health care workers, and organizations.

Objectives

In a trial to set up strategies to control stressors and weaknesses in the work environment, the present study took place in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) to explore the work environment and its impact on the organization commitment and caring efficacy of health care providers.

Methods

This study is a descriptive cross‐sectional study, conducted over a period of 9 months starting from October 2018. A self‐administered questionnaire, based on “The American Association of Critical Care Nurses Standards for Establishing and Sustaining Healthy Work Environments” and “Brewer & Look's organizational commitment scale and theory of self‐efficacy,” was given to 63 physicians and 73 nurses of PICUs at Cairo University Children Hospital in Egypt.

Results

Nurses were significantly more pleased with their work climate and more committed to their organization and had higher self‐efficacy than physicians. A significant direct correlation was detected between healthy environment perception and organizational commitment and between organization commitment and perceived caring efficacy.

Conclusion and Recommendations

The study findings might be incorporated into practice to create a positive PICUs' environment, enhance staff satisfaction, and efficiency to promote quality of care paying attention to the junior staff especially physicians. Additional studies are required to recognize the coping strategies that health care providers use and to test the effectiveness of professional development program along with healthy environment interventions.
“Learn how to hustle for good”: Women's work transitions out of the sex trade
Authors: Deer Shannon , Zarestky Jill , Baumgartner Lisa M.
Published: November 2019

Human resource development principles have important applications for everyone, including marginalized populations. Particularly relevant to marginalized groups are issues of work development and growth, as impacted by individuals' confidence and ability to transfer skills to different contexts. In this qualitative study, we explored the experiences of a particular group of marginalized women, namely those transitioning out of the sex trade and into legal employment. Study participants included 10 women who have been out of the sex trade from between 3 and 20 years. We found that, in their transition to lawful work, the women began with low job self‐efficacy. Traditional influencers of self‐efficacy were key to aiding their transitions. The most important factor was reflected efficacy, which occurred through their experiences receiving coaching from leaders of the exit‐assistance organizations and employers. This coaching helped the women reframe their skills and attributes gained in the sex trade into employable qualities valued in lawful work. The present study contributes to our understanding of supervisors' roles in helping employees develop self‐efficacy. We conclude with ways in which employers and organizations can aide employment transitions as well as build skills transfer and job self‐efficacy through modes of reflected efficacy and coaching in positive, professional relationships.