bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nerve growth factor (Ngf) gene-driven semaphorin 3a (Sema3a) expression exacerbates thoracic aortic aneurysm dissection in mice
Authors: Wu Li-Fei , Zhou Ying , Wang De-Ping , Zhang Jiao-Jiao , Zheng Zhi-Fa , Guo Jia , Shen Jing , Shi Jian-Yun , Liu Qing-Hua , Wang Xue-Ning , Wang Hai-Xiong , Du Wen-Jing , Li Miao-Ling , Cao Ji-Min
Published: January 2024

Thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TAAD) is a life-threatening disease and currently there is no pharmacological therapy. Sympathetic nerve overactivity plays an important role in the development of TAAD. Sympathetic innervation is mainly controlled by nerve growth factor (NGF, a key neural chemoattractant) and semaphoring 3A (Sema3A, a key neural chemorepellent), while the roles of these two factors in aortic sympathetic innervation and especially TAAD are unknown. We hypothesized that genetically manipulating the NGF/Sema3A ratio by the Ngf-driven Sema3a expression approach may reduce aortic sympathetic nerve innervation and mitigate TAAD progression. A mouse strain of Ngf gene-driven Sema3a expression (namely Ngf

Sema3a/Sema3a
mouse) was established by inserting the 2A-Sema3A expression frame to the Ngf terminating codon using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. TAAD was induced by β-aminopropionitrile monofumarate (BAPN) both in Ngf

Sema3a/Sema3a
mice and wild type (WT) littermates. Contrary to our expectation, the BAPN-induced TAAD was severer in Ngf

Sema3a/Sema3a
mice than in wild-type (WT) mice. In addition, Ngf

Sema3a/Sema3a
mice showed higher aortic sympathetic innervation, inflammation and extracellular matrix degradation than the WT mice after BAPN treatment. The aortic vascular smooth muscle cells isolated from Ngf

Sema3a/Sema3a
mice and pretreated with BAPN in vivo for two weeks showed stronger capabilities of proliferation and migration than that from the WT mice. We conclude that the strategy of Ngf-driven Sema3a expression cannot suppress but worsens the BAPN-induced TAAD. By investigating the aortic phenotype of Ngf

Sema3a/Sema3a
mouse strain, we unexpectedly find a path to exacerbate BAPN-induced TAAD which might be useful in future TAAD studies.
Prognostic value of home versus ambulatory blood pressure monitoring: a systematic review and meta-analysis of outcome studies
Authors: Kollias Anastasios , Kyriakoulis Konstantinos G. , Komnianou Aikaterini , Stathopoulou Panagiota , Stergiou George S.
Published: January 2024

Objectives:

Ambulatory (ABP) and self-home blood pressure (HBP) measurements are known to be superior to office blood pressure (OBP) measurements in predicting cardiovascular events. Whether ABP has superior prognostic ability than HBP, or the reverse, has not been adequately investigated.

Methods:

A systematic literature search was conducted to identify outcome studies investigating HBP and ABP in the same population. A meta-analysis was conducted to calculate the pooled measure of risk regarding the primary endpoint of each study for each method. Primary analysis included the comparison of pooled estimates of HBP versus 24 h ABP.

Results:

Among 2587 articles retrieved, 6 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis of five studies (n = 4439, weighted age 57 years, men 52%, hypertension 68%, diabetes 15%, cardiovascular disease 11%) indicated pooled hazard ratio per 10 mmHg increase in systolic HBP 1.36 (95% CI 1.23–1.50) and in 24 h ABP 1.38 (1.22–1.57) for the primary endpoint of each study (z-test P = NS). Meta-analysis of five studies (n = 4497, weighted age 58 years, men 51%, hypertension 65%, diabetes 15%, cardiovascular disease 9%) indicated pooled hazard ratio per 10 mmHg increase in systolic HBP 1.29 (1.14–1.47), daytime ABP 1.30 (1.15–1.46) and nighttime ABP 1.31 (1.14–1.50) (z-test, P = NS). Data for DBP were similar. All studies were deemed to have low risk of bias. In studies comparing all the three methods, OBP provided the lowest hazard ratio.

Conclusion:

This meta-analysis of the available prospective outcome studies suggested that HBP and ABP have similar ability in predicting outcome and superior to OBP.
University Sexual and Gender-Based Violence Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Duma Sinegugu , Compton Sarah , Akinyemi Akanni , Randa Moreoagae Bertha , Owusu-Antwi Ruth , David Darlington S. , Chamisa Judith , Kamusoko Sibongile , Darteh Eugene Kofour Maafo , Morenkeji Fiyinfoluwa , Mott Jackson , Bauer Sydney , Dickson Kwamena Sekyi , Munro-Kramer Michelle
Published: January 2024

Aims

Addressing sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) in educational settings across the globe, particularly in institutions of higher education, requires strong institutional framework and policy guidelines. Most research about university SGBV policies has focused on high-income countries with little or no recourse to universities in low- and middle-income countries. This policy analysis aims to analyze existing policies related to SGBV from select sub-Saharan African universities to provide guidance on best practices toward addressing SGBV at universities in Africa.

Methods

Seven university policies and six national policies from six countries across sub-Saharan Africa (Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, and Zimbabwe) were reviewed using a standardized data extraction form. The policy analysis identified eight key elements of policies related to SGBV for sub-Saharan African universities, which were verified using a nominal group technique with five international experts in the field.

Results

Overall, policies varied significantly in accessibility, terminology, definitions, format, and inclusivity across the sites. Some of the policies were not readily accessible, and there was limited evidence provided in some of the policy documents.

Conclusions

Policies for universities in sub-Saharan Africa should (a) be evidence based, (b) be readily available in multiple formats, (c) define key terms broadly with gendered signifiers, (d) be succinct and concise, (e) incorporate broad definitions for all university stakeholders, (f) identify who created the policy and when, (g) address prevention, and (h) address response. Evidence-based policies addressing SGBV prevention, response, and justice are sorely needed at universities across the globe.
Comparing the Demographic Characteristics of Victims of Sexual Assault in Rural Versus Urban Areas
Authors: Salt Elizabeth , Erickson Isabella , Wiggins Amanda T. , Borders Tyrone , Curtsinger Cynthia , Wallace Angela , Rayens Mary Kay
Published: January 2024

Background

In 2019, over 459,000 persons in the United States survived sexual assault, and 21%–26% sought medical treatment. Ideally, trained medical professionals who understand the unique physical and mental health needs of this patient population, such as forensic nurses, would provide care. Yet, the care that forensic nurses and other healthcare providers can offer to sexual violence/abuse survivors is hindered by the lack of understanding of the demographics of those who seek care. With the delineation of highly affected demographic groups, barriers to care can be addressed.

Purpose

This study compared rates, demographic characteristics, acuity, and codes for sexual violence/abuse encounters experienced by those patients residing in rural versus urban counties of Kentucky (KY). This included encounters before and after SARS-CoV-2.

Methods

Deidentified claims data were extracted for patient encounters billed with the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification for sexual violence/abuse seen at a university healthcare center serving the Northeastern, Southeastern, and Central regions of KY from October 2015 to February 2021. Analysis comprised descriptive statistics, independent samples t tests, and chi-square tests of association.

Results

Significant demographic differences were identified between the two groups. The mean age of those residing in rural areas was significantly younger than those living in urban areas. Similarly, the percentage of male survivors was significantly higher in the rural population. The racial composition also differed, with higher percentages of survivors being Black and Hispanic in the urban population, relative to rural dwellers.

Conclusion

Findings suggest that rural youth (especially boys aged 10 years and younger) and urban minorities are at a higher risk for sexual violence/abuse in KY when compared with their counterparts (i.e., urban youth and rural minorities).
Development of Diagnostic Quality Metrics for Prosthetic Joint Infection
Authors: Miller Andy O. , Carli Alberto V. , Chin Amy , Chee Diana , Simon Sam , MacLean Catherine H.
Published: January 2024

Although well-accepted clinical practice guidelines exist for the diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection (PJI), little is known about the quality of diagnosis for PJI. The identification of quality gaps in the diagnosis of PJI would facilitate the development of care structures and processes to shorten time to diagnosis and reduce the significant morbidity, mortality, and economic burden associated with this condition. Hence, we sought to develop valid clinical quality measures to improve the timeliness and accuracy of PJI diagnosis. We convened a nine-member multidisciplinary national panel of PJI experts including orthopedic surgeons, infectious disease specialists, an emergency medicine physician, and a patient previously treated for PJI to review, discuss, and rate the validity of proposed measures using a modification of the RAND-UCLA appropriateness method. In total, 57 permutations of six proposed measures were rated. Populations considered to be at high enough risk for PJI that certain care processes should always be performed were identified by the panel. Among the proposed quality measures, the panel rated five as valid. These novel clinical quality measures could provide insight into care gaps in the diagnosis of PJI.
A Decision-Making Tool for Prescribing Insoles in Daily Practice Using an Insole Prescription Form
Authors: Tedeschi Roberto , Labanca Luciana , Platano Daniela , Benedetti Maria Grazia
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Plantar orthoses are widely used in the prevention and treatment of foot and lower-limb disorders. Plantar orthoses can generally be classified as prefabricated devices; however, many prefabricated devices can be customized. Customized orthotic insoles are usually prescribed with the goal of improving foot function. However, evidence that customized orthoses modify foot function in a predictable and dose-responsive manner is limited, and there is currently no consensus on how orthoses should be prescribed. Consequently, a high variability in orthotic prescriptions by physicians is observed. The aim of this study is to propose an orthotic insole prescription form (INSPECTOR) that is clear, easy, and replicable by all professionals involved.

Methods

All known clinical assessments and tests with high sensitivity and specificity indices, positive and negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio were included in the form.

Result

The result of this study is a form that guides the clinician step by step toward an appropriate and correct foot prescription.

Conclusions

INSPECTOR has several potential advantages; it is a step-by-step guide for the physician, starting with basic tasks such as anamnesis, functional prognosis, and prescription of the foot orthosis, and ending with the choice of the target area for the foot orthosis and the material to be used. The module lists scientifically validated and internationally recognized tests, making it understandable by professionals in all countries. Finally, it can reduce the differences between prescribed and finished orthopedic insoles, thus avoiding wasting money or material on reconstruction or construction.

Clinical Relevance

INSPECTOR is a step-by-step guide for the clinician to make out an orthotic prescription starting from anamnesis, functional prognosis, foot orthotic prescription, up to the exact identification of the area where the modification is to be applied.
Unraveling the genome: Familial Mediterranean fever
Authors: Koehler Alexandra W.
Published: January 2024

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an inherited, autoinflammatory disease with a high prevalence in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean populations including Turks, Iranian, Spanish, Sephardic Jews, Arabs, and other Mediterranean ethnic groups. Autoinflammatory diseases are genetically predetermined disorders with multisystem effects primarily caused by defects in innate immunity. Although primarily known for an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance, there are increasing case reports associated with single Mediterranean fever (MEFV) mutation or dominant transmission. There have been over 300 variants identified in the MEFV gene; however, roughly 9–11 variants are responsible for the phenotypical expression seen with FMF. Symptoms include recurrent episodes of fever of unknown origin, abdominal, chest, or joint pain because of serosal inflammation. Persistent elevations in serum amyloid A can lead to complications like renal amyloidosis, kidney dysfunction, and end-stage kidney disease. Familial Mediterranean fever is diagnosed clinically using the Tel-Hashomer criteria and confirmed through genetic testing. Treatment includes initiation of colchicine with the goal of stopping attacks and preventing renal dysfunction and end-stage kidney disease. Genetic testing helps to identify the specific mutation allowing the provider to create a patient-specific treatment plan, monitor for complications such as renal amyloidosis, and enhance knowledge on the genetic heterogeneity and possible epigenetic factors.
Calcium Channel Blocker Overdose: What Role Does Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Have in Support? A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Finn Daniel , Stevens Jackson , Tolkacz Michael , Robinson John , Mangla Jimmi , Iacco Anthony
Published: January 2024

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has had increasing prevalence and indications in the last decade. Calcium channel blocker overdose (CCBOD) can lead to significant cardiopulmonary dysfunction and has also increased in recent years. CCBOD results in cardiac depression, vasoplegia, and hyperglycemia. Expert consensus recommends treatment with calcium, high-dose insulin, inotropes, and vasopressors. Our systematic review evaluated when to initiate ECMO in the CCBOD population and the mortality rate associated with use. Electronic literature review identified all relevant studies for CCBOD and ECMO. PRISMA guidelines for systematic review were followed. Three independent authors reviewed abstracts and full texts, and only CCB ingestion without polypharmacy was included. Two authors independently collected data, which included demographics, current medical treatments, ECMO type, and survival. From 314 abstracts, 25 papers were included with a median publication year of 2019. Twenty-six patients were included with an average age of 32.7 years and 42%/58% male/female. Average time on ECMO 4.3 days. VA and VV ECMO use were 92.3% and 7.7%, respectively, and 84.6% of patients survived to hospital discharge. Before ECMO, most patients received 4-5 medical treatments (53.8%). Our systematic review demonstrates ECMO is a newly used, yet valuable therapy for CCBOD when medical treatment fails. Survival to discharge after ECMO for CCBOD is substantially higher than standard VV or VA ECMO. Medical management is still the mainstay therapy for CCBOD, but we show that a persistently unstable patient may benefit from prompt evaluation at an ECMO center for treatment.
The Results of Our Reader Survey Are In!
Authors: Van Wicklin Sharon Ann
Published: January 2024

To become more acquainted with Plastic and Aesthetic Nursing (PAN) readers and help identify the strengths and weaknesses of the PAN journal, I worked collaboratively with representatives from Wolters Kluwer Health to conduct an online survey of plastic and aesthetic registered nurses who are members of the International Society of Plastic and Aesthetic Nurses. This article describes the methods and results of this reader survey.
Optimizing Facial Aesthetics: Sequential Application of Botulinum Toxin A and Dermal Fillers for Enhanced Results
Authors: Hall Constance
Published: January 2024

In recent years, the field of aesthetic medicine has witnessed significant advancements, offering patients a plethora of options to rejuvenate their appearance. Among the most popular techniques are the administration of botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) and dermal fillers. This article delves into the rationale and benefits of preparing the face with BoNT-A to weaken depressor muscles before proceeding with dermal filler injections. This sequential approach not only enhances patient outcomes but also improves procedural safety and patient satisfaction while reducing the chances of needing filler. This article reviews the anatomy, scientific evidence, and clinical implications supporting this innovative approach while shedding light on the potential for revolutionizing facial aesthetic procedures. With advanced applications of BoNT-A, it is possible to slim round faces, reduce jowling, create hollowing in some patients by obliterating masseters, slim the parotid, extend the chin, and more.
Spatially Resolved Transcriptomic Signatures of Hippocampal Subregions andArc-Expressing Ensembles in Active Place Avoidance Memory
Authors: Vingan Isaac , Phatarpekar Shwetha , Tung Victoria Sook Keng , Hernández A. Iván , Evgrafov Oleg V. , Alarcon Juan Marcos
Published: January 2024

The rodent hippocampus is a spatially organized neuronal network that supports the formation of spatial and episodic memories. We conducted bulk RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics experiments to measure gene expression changes in the dorsal hippocampus following the recall of active place avoidance (APA) memory. Through bulk RNA sequencing, we examined the gene expression changes following memory recall across the functionally distinct subregions of the dorsal hippocampus. We found that recall induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the CA1 and CA3 hippocampal subregions were enriched with genes involved in synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity, while DEGs in the dentate gyrus (DG) were enriched with genes involved in energy balance and ribosomal function. Through spatial transcriptomics, we examined gene expression changes following memory recall across an array of spots encompassing putative memory-associated neuronal ensembles marked by the expression of the IEGsArc,Egr1, andc-Jun. Within samples from both trained and untrained mice, the subpopulations of spatial transcriptomic spots marked by these IEGs were transcriptomically and spatially distinct from one another. DEGs detected betweenArc+ andArc-spots exclusively in the trained mouse were enriched in several memory-related gene ontology terms, including “regulation of synaptic plasticity” and “memory.” Our results suggest that APA memory recall is supported by regionalized transcriptomic profiles separating the CA1 and CA3 from the DG, transcriptionally and spatially distinct IEG expressing spatial transcriptomic spots, and biological processes related to synaptic plasticity as a defining the difference betweenArc+ andArc-spatial transcriptomic spots.
Cryo-EM structure and biochemical analysis of human chemokine receptor CCR8
Authors: Peng Qi , Jiang Haihai , Cheng Xinyu , Wang Na , Zhou Sili , Zhang Yuting , Yang Tingting , Chen Yixiang , Zhang Wei , Lv Sijia , Nan Weiwei , Wang JianFei , Fan Guo-Huang , Li Jian , Zhang Jin
Published: January 2024

The C-C motif chemokine receptor 8 (CCR8) is a class A G-protein coupled receptor that has emerged as a promising therapeutic target in cancer and autoimmune diseases. Although the structures of human CCR8 in complex an antagonist antibody Fab1 and an endogenous agonist ligand CCL1 have been solved, the structure of ligand-free CCR8 remains to be determined. Here, we solved the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the human CCR8-Gicomplex in the absence of a ligand. Structural analysis and comparison revealed that CCR8 in our apo structure undergoes some conformational change and is similar to that in the CCL1-CCR8 complex structure, indicating an active state. In addition, the key residues of CCR8 involved in the recognition of LMD-009, a potent nonpeptidic agonist, were investigated by mutating CCR8 and testing the calcium flux induced by LMD-009-CCR8 interaction. Two mutants of CCR8, Y1133.32A, and E2867.39A, showed a dramatically decreased ability in mediating calcium mobilization, indicating their key interaction with LMD-009. These structural and biochemical analyses provided molecular insights into the agonism and activation of CCR8 and will also facilitate CCR8-targeted therapy.
KCNQ2/3 regulates efferent mediated slow excitation of vestibular afferents in mammals
Authors: Sinha Anjali K. , Lee Choongheon , Holt Joseph C.
Published: January 2024

Primary vestibular afferents transmit information from hair cells about head position and movement to the CNS, which is critical for maintaining balance, gaze stability and spatial navigation. The CNS, in turn, modulates hair cells and afferents via the efferent vestibular system (EVS) and its activation of several cholinergic signaling mechanisms. Electrical stimulation of EVS neurons gives rise to three kinetically– and mechanistically-distinct afferent responses including a slow excitation, a fast excitation, and a fast inhibition. EVS-mediated slow excitation is attributed to odd-numbered muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) on the afferent whose activation leads to the closure of a potassium conductance and increased afferent discharge.

Likely effector candidates include low-threshold, voltage-gated potassium channels belonging to the KCNQ (Kv7.X) family, which are involved in neuronal excitability across the nervous system and are subject to mAChR modulation. Specifically, KCNQ2/3 heteromeric channels may be the molecular correlates for the M-current, a potassium current that is blocked following the activation of odd-numbered mAChRs. To this end, multiple members of the KCNQ channel family, including KCNQ2 and KCNQ3, are localized to several microdomains within vestibular afferent endings, where they influence afferent excitability and could be targeted by EVS neurons. Additionally, the relative expression of KCNQ subunits appears to vary across the sensory epithelia and among different afferent types. However, it is unclear which KCNQ channel subunits are targeted by mAChR activation and whether that also varies among different afferent classes. Here we show that EVS-mediated slow excitation is blocked and enhanced by the non-selective KCNQ channel blocker XE991 and opener retigabine, respectively. Using KCNQ subunit-selective drugs, we observed that a KCNQ2 blocker blocks the slow response in irregular afferents, while a KCNQ2/3 opener enhances slow responses in regular afferents. The KCNQ2 blockers did not appear to affect resting afferent discharge rates, while KCNQ2/3 or KCNQ2/4 openers decreased afferent excitability. Here, we show pharmacological evidence that KCNQ2/3 subunits are likely targeted by mAChR activation in mammalian vestibular afferents. Additionally, we show that KCNQ3 KO mice have altered resting discharge rate as well as EVS-mediated slow response. These data together suggest that KCNQ channels play a role in slow response and discharge rate of vestibular afferents, which can be modulated by EVS in mammals.
Synaptic connectivity and electrophysiological properties of the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract
Authors: Penker Sapir , Lawabny Naheel , Dhamshy Aya , Licht Tamar , Rokni Dan
Published: January 2024

The sense of smell is tightly linked to emotions, a link that is thought to rely on the direct synaptic connections between the olfactory bulb and nuclei of the amygdala. A small number of amygdaloid nuclei are the recipients of such direct input from the olfactory bulb and their unique functions are not known. Among them, the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract (NLOT) is unique in its developmental history and gene expression. NLOT has been very little studied and consequentially its function is unknown. Furthermore, formulation of informed hypotheses about NLOT function is at this stage limited by the lack of knowledge about its connectivity and physiological properties. Here, we used pseudo-rabies tracing methods to systematically reveal monosynaptic inputs into NLOT, and adeno-associated viruses to reveal NLOT projection targets. We found that the NLOT is interconnected with several olfactory brain regions and with the basolateral amygdala. Some of these connections were reciprocal, and some showed unique interhemispheric patterns. We tested the excitable properties of NLOT neurons and the properties of each of the major synaptic inputs. We found that the NLOT receives powerful input from piriform cortex, tenia tecta, and the basolateral amygdala, but only very weak input from the olfactory bulb. When input crosses threshold, NLOT neurons respond with calcium-dependent bursts of action potentials. This integration of olfactory and amygdalar inputs suggests that NLOT plays a role in behaviors that combine smell and emotion, possibly assigning emotional value to odors.

Significance statement

Despite the well-known functional links between olfaction and emotions, the physiological properties of these links remain largely understudied. One major pathway by which olfactory and emotional signals interact, is via the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract (NLOT). NLOT has been little studied and its function is yet unclear. The lack of physiological information hinders informed hypotheses. Here, we characterize the synaptic and intrinsic properties of NLOT neurons. We show that the NLOT receives converging olfactory and amygdalar inputs, and that NLOT neurons respond to input with high-rate bursts of action potentials. This suggests that the NLOT, that harbors ∼2500 cells, encodes a low-dimensional signal that is of high importance. We hypothesize that the NLOT assigns emotional value to odors.
Single-Nuclei RNA Sequencing Identifies Type C Low-Threshold Mechanoreceptors as Key Players in Paclitaxel-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Sun Wuping , Li Rongzhen , Zhang Xinyi , Wu Songbin , Jiang Yanjun , Li Qian , Cao Di , Xiong Donglin , Xiao Lizu , Liu Xiaodong
Published: January 2024

Neuropathic pain triggered by chemotherapy poses a significant clinical challenge. Investigating cell type-specific alterations through single-cell transcriptome analysis holds promise in understanding symptom development and pathogenesis. In this study, we performed single nuclei RNA (snRNA) sequencing of dorsal root ganglions (DRG) to explore the molecular mechanism underlying paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain. Mouse exposed to repeated paclitaxel doses developed persistent pain hypersensitivity lasting at least 21 days. The snRNA sequencing unveiled seven major cell types within DRGs, with neurons further subdivided into 12 distinct subclusters using known markers. Notably, type C low-threshold mechanoreceptors (C_LTMR) exhibited the most pronounced transcriptomic changes post-paclitaxel administration. Differential gene expression and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis highlighted suppressed potassium-related currents, microtubule transport, and mitochondrial functions in C_LTMR following paclitaxel treatment. Meanwhile, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) suggested increased Interleukin 17 production in C_LTMR after paclitaxel exposure. Pseudo-time analysis uncovered nine distinct states (state 1 to 9) of C_LTMR. State 1 exhibits higher prevalence in paclitaxel-treated mice and altered neurotransmission properties, likely contributing to paclitaxel-induced pain hypersensitivity. This comprehensive exploration sheds light on the molecular mechanisms driving paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain, offering potential avenues for therapeutic intervention.
MobiChIP: a compatible library construction method of single-cell ChIP-seq based droplets
Authors: Yu Xianhong , Zheng Guantao , Xu Liting , Chen Guodong , Zhu Yiling , Li Tingting , Rao Mingming , Cong Rong , Zheng Wenshan , Pei Hao
Published: January 2024

In order to illustrate the epigenetic heterogeneity, versatile tools of single-cell ChIP-seq (scChIP-seq) are necessary to meet the convenience and accuracy. Here, we develop MobiChIP, a compatible ChIP-seq library construction method based current sequencing platform with single cell level. As a novel capture strategy, MobiChIP is efficient to capture the fragments from tagmented nuclei of numerous species and execute the mixing of samples from different tissues or species. Especially, this strategy enables the flexible sequencing manipulation and sufficient nucleosome amplification without customized sequencing primers. MobiChIP reveals the landscape of chromatin regulation regions with active(H3K27ac) and repressive(H3K27me3) histone modification markers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and accurately unveiled the epigenetic repression ofhoxgene cluster in PBMCs than ATAC-seq. Meanwhile, we complete the bioinformatics pipeline to integrates the scChIP-seq data and scRNA-seq to illustrate the cellular epigenetic and genetic heterogeneity.

One-Sentence Summary

A high-throughput single-cell ChIP-seq based droplet reveals the integration of scRNA-seq data and scChIP-seq data.
Detection of Antibodies Against the African ParasiteTrypanosoma bruceiUsing Synthetic glycosylphosphatidylinositol oligosaccharide fragments
Authors: Michel Maurice , Stijlemans Benoît , Michel Dana , Garg Monika , Geissner Andreas , Seeberger Peter H. , Silva Daniel Varón
Published: January 2024

Trypanosoma brucei(T. brucei) parasites cause two major infectious diseases in Africa: African trypanosomiasis in humans (HAT) and Nagana in animals. Despite the enormous economic and social impact, vaccines and reliable diagnostic measures are still lacking for these diseases. The main obstacle to developing accurate diagnostic methods and an active vaccine is the parasite’s ability for antigenic variation and impairment of B cell maturation, which prevents the development of a long-lasting, effective immune response. The antigenic variation is sustained by random gene switching, segmental gene conversion, and altered glycosylation states of solvent-exposed regions of the corresponding variant surface glycoproteins (VSG). These glycoproteins use a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor for attachment to the membrane. GPIs ofT. bruceihave specific branched structures that are further heterogeneously galactosylated. We synthesized a glycan fragment library containingT. bruceiGPIs most prominent structural features and performed an epitope mapping using mice and human sera of infected specimens using glycan microarrays. The studies indicate that in contrast to VSG,T. bruceiGPIs are recognized by both short-lived IgM and long-lasting IgG, indicating a specific immune response against GPI structures. These findings enable the development of diagnostic tests based on synthetic antigens for reliable diagnosis of human African trypanosomiasis and Nagana.
The impact of blockchain food traceability system on consumers' affective brand commitment and premium price motivation
Authors: Wang Shuman , Yuan Chunlin , Liu Yue , Moon Hakil
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This paper explores how the blockchain food traceability system (BFTS) affects consumers' affective brand commitment and subsequent willingness to pay premium prices.

Design/methodology/approach

From February 11 to May 23, 2023, this study collected data from 236 Chinese customers, who had purchased blockchain-traced food in Jingdong Mall within the past three months. Structural equation modelling was used to analyse the data.

Findings

The main findings were as follows: (1) BFTS information transparency, information immutability and product diagnosticity are significant predictors of consumer-perceived trustworthiness; BFTS information transparency, product diagnosticity and product safety are significant predictors of consumer-perceived informativeness, (2) Perceived trustworthiness and perceived informativeness build consumers' affective brand commitment, (3) Affective brand commitment affects willingness to pay premiums and (4) Health consciousness positively moderates the relationship between consumers' affective brand commitment and willingness to pay premiums.

Originality/value

This paper complements the research on consumer behaviour in the BFTS, and the research results provide important enlightenment for guiding food enterprises to formulate reasonable and perfect marketing strategies of blockchain-traced food.
A study of the mechanism of the types of emotions in retailers' review request text on consumers' reviewing intention
Authors: Zhu Jikai , Li Pengyu , Shao Jingbo
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study aims to delve into the varying impacts of different types of emotions conveyed through retailers' review request texts on consumers' intention to write a review.

Design/methodology/approach

To verify the relationships between these variables, two laboratory experiments were conducted in this study.

Findings

The findings indicate that when accompanied by an objective statement, texts that evoke empathy and favor have a positive influence on consumers' inclination to write a review. Moreover, by examining the underlying mechanism, this study uncovers two interconnected mediators, namely persuasive intent and cognitive (affective) resistance, along with empathy and helping intention. Additionally, the study explores the moderating role of customer satisfaction with the product, shedding light on the contextual factors that influence the effects of emotional cues in review texts.

Originality/value

This research contributes to the literature and practice by focusing on the process of retailers' generating online reviews. This is one of the first studies to systematically examine the effects of emotional text in retailers' review request on consumers' reviewing intention from the perspective of emotional evocation. The experimental findings and the underlying mechanisms emphasize the impact of different types of emotions in retailers' review requests texts on consumers' reviewing intentions. It can help retailers better understand the psychological reactions of consumers when they ask reviews, which provide theoretical support for retailers to design more reasonable asking texts.
Wine sensory experience in hospitality education: a systematic review
Authors: Carmer Adam , Kleypas Joseph , Orlowski Marissa
Published: January 2024

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to examine the existing literature circa 2010–2023 of introductory wine education involving sensory experience components in an objective, transparent and replicable manner. Sensory experience education normally involves the usage of the five senses (smell, taste, sight, feel and hearing) as means to demonstrate, scaffold and illuminate introductory-level wine curricula. This study identifies the methodologies used in existing in educational wine sensory experience literature, identifies the pedagogical utilities of current wine research and explores findings useful for wine educators.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper uses the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) for literature review reporting.

Findings

From the existing body of literature involving wine sensory experience in education (N = 20), five pedagogical utilities emerged from the dataset: wine sensory experience training (n = 7), wine sensory analysis techniques (n = 5), teaching environment (n = 5), wine and food pairing (n = 2) and psychological context (n = 1). Furthermore, experimental design is the preferred method (n = 14) of research related to wine sensory experience in education.

Practical implications

This study provides utility for wine educators at the college and university level and may provide perspective and tools for firms seeking consumer engagement through wine education.

Originality/value

To the researchers' knowledge, there are no literature reviews that explore wine sensory experience in education. Thus, the primary contributions of this study are threefold: identification of current gaps in wine education research, identification of future research questions and avenues of study, and resources for curriculum improvement of introductory wine courses.
Cooking using social media: young Brazilian adults’ interaction and practices
Authors: Camargo Anice Milbratz de , Botelho Alyne Michelle , Dean Moira , Fiates Giovanna Medeiros Rataichesck
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study explored how Brazilian young adults who cook interact with cooking-related content on social media and how such content fits their cooking routine.

Design/methodology/approach

Semi-structured interviews (n = 31) were transcribed, inductively and reflexively thematic analysed.

Findings

Interactions happened both in recreational and intentional ways, which coexisted and alternated depending on participants' motives and schedules. Recreational interactions such as browsing and saving happened more for self-entertainment and to some participants, to help meal planning and food shopping. Intentional interactions such as searching and sharing happened to fulfil specific needs which arised on cooking occasions, leading to agency development. Young adults who self-identified as being less experienced in cooking reported checking and comparing many recipes, as well as relying on video features to improve skills and develop self-efficacy. Despite showing agency in cooking-related matters, participants perceived lack of time to cook as an important barrier to cooking more. Intentional interactions with cooking content were linked to more established cooking routines, indicating the importance of social media to young adults' development of self-efficacy and improvement of skills.

Originality/value

The use of social media to search for cooking-related content is recommended by Brazilian dietary guidelines to develop cooking and food skills, but research on if and how the interaction occurs, and the resulting knowledge is put into practice, is scarce. This study addressed this gap and proposed practical implications to inform the development of interventions employing social media to improve young adults' cooking skills and health.
Three-dimensional simulation based on mesh modelling for warp-knitted fully-formed garments
Authors: Liu Haisang , Jiang Gaoming , Dong Zhijia
Published: January 2024

Purpose

The warp-knitted fully-formed shorts are one kind of fully-formed garments knitted by a double-needle bar machine, which is widely used in the medical field. Because of its distinctive forming method, designers are unable to grasp the final effect of the product accurately during the design process. The purpose of this paper is to clarify a visible 3D simulation method in the design process along with the knitting method and structure characteristics, which is reflected in the final product effect.

Design/methodology/approach

This study introduces a simulation process for warp-knitted fully-formed fabric from an input 3D surface model group. Stitch mesh models are established according to the garment structure and the triangle index of the garment model that swchape-controlling points belong to is calculated. The garment model group includes a 2D plate and a 3D model, between which there is a space coordinate transformation relationship. The study makes use of the 3D tubes to connect the coordinate points in order and render the tubes in real yarn colors. The effects of two parameters, radial segment and tubular segment, are analyzed and decided to obtain a fine surface within a reasonable rendering time.

Findings

A stereoscopic simulation process from flat fabric to 3D product is realized using computer graphics technology. The warp-knitted fully-formed short is shown during the design process within a short time by setting the rendering parameters of tubular segments (ts = 125) and radial segments (rs = 6).

Originality/value

Visual simulation for the shorts provides a time-saving and resource-saving method for structure design and parameter modification before knitting. There is no need to knit samples repeatedly to satisfy demand, which indicates that it is a saver of time and resources.
The relationship between strategic orientations and firm performance and the role of innovation: a meta-analytic assessment of theoretical models
Authors: Reyes-Gómez Juan David , López Pilar , Rialp Josep
Published: January 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to assess the validity and utility of two theoretical approaches to understanding the relationship between strategic orientations, innovation and firm performance and to examine the role of innovation in the relationship while avoiding circular arguments. The universalistic approach suggests that strategic orientations have independent and parallel effects on firms’ performance, and that innovation does not influence this relationship. The holistic approach proposes that strategic orientations in a complementary and interrelated view have both direct and indirect effects on firms’ performance through innovation.

Design/methodology/approach

A meta-analytic path analysis applying two-stage structural equation modeling (TSSEM) was conducted on data from 132 primary studies and 33,063 observations.

Findings

The holistic approach was demonstrated to be superior due to its more explanatory power in linking more complex relationships through simultaneous direct and indirect effects and its capacity for including the interrelatedness and complementarity of strategic orientations. It was found that innovation has a full mediating role in the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and firm performance, and a partial mediating role in the relationship between market orientation (MO) and learning orientation (LO) and firm performance.

Research limitations/implications

The study used observed variables instead of latent variables for meta-analytic path analysis, which may reduce some sources of endogeneity. However, causal inference is not possible due to the nature of meta-analysis. The scope of the final sample was limited by some studies not reporting the estimates of correlations between constructs.

Practical implications

Managers can improve an organization's chances of success in the marketplace by adopting a holistic view of strategic orientations focusing on customer satisfaction, learning from the external environment and pursuing new market opportunities. Furthermore, an organization can gain a competitive advantage through innovation by creating products and services that are different from what is currently available in the market. To be successful, an organization must not only create innovative products and services but also market them effectively to consumers.

Originality/value

This study is the first to meta-analytically assess the explanatory value of two theorized models linking strategic orientations, innovation and firm performance. It also clarifies the role of innovation in the relationship between strategic orientations and firm performance.
The US government customer concentration and the firm innovation
Authors: Na HyunJun
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study examines the impact of the US government customer concentration and product innovation in supplier firms. The US government customer concentration is defined as the proportion of sales made by a supplier firm to the US government as a major customer. To measure product innovation, the author uses two key metrics: the number of patents and the novelty of the patents. The results indicate that a supplier firm’s relationship with the US government, as measured by the tenure of the relationship, has a significant impact on product innovation. Furthermore, the author shows that changes in the composition of the US government, Senate can also affect the level of innovation in supplier firms.

Design/methodology/approach

This study employs the Compustat’s Segment Customer database and the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Patent Citation database to gather information regarding patents granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). The author also incorporates data from US Congressional committees from the 96th to 115th Congresses to assess the effect of changes in seniority of US senators on influential committees on the firm’s innovation. For a robustness test, the author utilizes a propensity score matched analysis.

Findings

The author demonstrates that a firm’s dependence on the US government as a customer channel for an extended period negatively impacts the firm’s innovation efficiency, as measured by the number of patents, citations and novelty of the patents. In addition, the author provides evidence that changes in the seniority of US senators on influential committees have a significant impact on firms located in the same state as the new senior senators. These firms decrease innovative efforts due to the political connections, resulting in lower levels of innovation. These findings are robust after controlling the endogeneity issues. In conclusion, this study contributes to the existing literature by offering insight into the relationship between customer concentration and firm innovation. The findings highlight the importance of considering the relationship between firms and their customer base in determining innovation outcomes.

Originality/value

This study demonstrates that a heavy reliance on the US government as a customer channel has a detrimental impact on a firm’s innovation efficiency. Furthermore, the author analyzes the exogenous shock of changes in the seniority of US senators on the relationship between customer dependence and innovation. By utilizing a propensity matched sample, the author addresses endogeneity concerns and provides robust evidence for empirical findings. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the complex relationship between customer dependence and firm innovation, particularly in the context of the US government as a sales channel.
Effect of the fit between situational regulatory focus and feedback focus on customers' co-design behavior
Authors: Zhou Xinxue , Tang Jian , Wang Tianmei
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Customers' co-design behavior is an important source of knowledge for product innovation. Firms can regulate the focus of information interaction with customers to set goals and motivate their co-design behavior. Drawing on regulatory fit theory and construal level theory, the authors build a research model to study whether the fit between the regulatory focus of firms' task invitations (promotion focus vs prevention focus) and their feedback focus (self-focused vs other-focused) can enhance co-design behavior by improving customers' experiences (perceived meaning, active discovery and perceived empowerment).

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted two online between-subjects experiments to validate the proposed research model.

Findings

The two online experiments reveal that customers' experiences are enhanced when the feedback focus is congruent with the regulatory focus of the firm's task invitations. Specifically, self-focused feedback has a stronger positive effect on customers' experiences in the prevention focus context. Other-focused feedback has a stronger positive effect on customers' experiences in the promotion focus context. Moreover, customers' experience significantly and positively affects co-design behavior (i.e. co-design effort and knowledge contribution).

Originality/value

This work provides theoretical and practical implications for firms to improve the effectiveness of information interaction with their customers and eventually ensure the sustainability of co-design.