bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Student Performance Differences In Enem: An Evaluation Of The School’s Integral Program Of The Public Network Of The State Of Pernambuco - Brazil In The Period From 2009 To 2016
Authors: Fernandes Diego Palmieri , Justo Wellington Ribeiro
Published: November 2024

Background: In light of Brazil's fiscal constraints and limitations on public investment, it is crucial to evaluate the effectiveness of education policies to ensure the efficient allocation of resources. This study focuses on evaluating the impact of the full-time school policy implemented in the state of Pernambuco on student performance in the National High School Exam (ENEM) between 2009 and 2016. Materials and Methods: We employed Propensity Score Matching (PSM) to address selection bias, allowing for a comparative analysis between full-time school students and their peers in traditional schools. Results: Our findings indicate that students attending full-time schools consistently achieve higher scores in all four ENEM knowledge areas from 2013 onwards. These performance improvements are closely associated with the growing acceptance of ENEM scores as a criterion for university admissions in Brazil, demonstrating the temporal requirements for policy effects to take root. Conclusion: The analysis suggests that full-time education significantly improves students' cognitive abilities, in line with the general improvements in performance observed in public high schools in Pernambuco during the study period. This evidence argues for sustained investment in full-time education programs as a viable strategy for advancing educational outcomes in a fiscally constrained environment
Social Capital In Social Forestry In Lumajang Regency
Authors: Fadli Aldi , Anugrahini Triyanti
Published: November 2024

This research was conducted in social forestry in Lumajang Regency, East Java. The aim of this research is to describe how the Regional Government develops social capital in the community in social forestry in Lumajang Regency. To achieve this aim, this research was analyzed using the concept of social capital from an institutional perspective. The research method used in this research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive type. The research results show that Lumajang Regency in developing social capital in social forestry is carried out by providing civil and political freedoms as well as implementing transparency and accountability
Examination Of The Influence Of Problem Solving On Intermittent Explosive Disorder Among Female Inmates’ Violence Towards Male Partner In Selected Women Prisons, Kenya
Authors: Kaluai Hellen Makena , K’okul Dr. Florence S. A. , Maroko Dr. Mokua Gilbert
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of cognitive restructuring strategies on intermittent explosive disorder among female inmates’ violence towards male partners in selected women prisons in Kenya. The study used an Ex Post Facto research design. The study was carried out at Langata and Thika Women Prisons. Quantitative data was obtained from the sampled inmates using questionnaires; while qualitative data was collected using interview guides from the prison key informants. Target population was 1023 inmates. The study incorporated 8 constables, 4 counsellors, 3 chaplains as key informants. Stratified and proportionate simple random sampling was used to select a sample size of 307 inmates. Quantitative data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential tests. Hypotheses were tested at p=.05 using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. The study also revealed that there was a statistically non-significant negative relationship between problem solving and intermittent explosive disorder as, [r (257) = -.029, p = .639] with increase intensity of problem-solving indicators, there was decrease in the severity of intermittent explosive disorder. Based on these findings, the study recommends that prison management through the ministry of Interior and Coordination of National Government, enhance provision of counselling programmes based on cognitive restructuring techniques in the prisons
Impact Of E-Cigarette/Vape Use And Cytotoxic Damage In Oral Epithelial Cells: A Review
Authors: Chaneja Deepanjali , Bhargava Akshay , Saxena Shikha , Savoriya Ghata , Pabri Reena
Published: November 2024

Background: In India, there has been a notable increase in the use of electronic cigarettes despite the government's ban. This study aims to review the cytotoxic & genotoxic damage in vape users. There are existing reports on the use of electronic cigarettes and their potential impact on developing oral squamous cell carcinoma. We aimed to assess the association between e-cigarettes and oral cancers. Additionally, the paper addresses the composition of E-juice and safety considerations of electronic cigarettes compared to conventional cigarette smoking. Conclusion: Regular monitoring using this non-invasive assay could be crucial in risk assessment and implementing preventive strategies in at-risk populations. It's essential that responses are evidence-based and carefully crafted, with robust enforcement by federal and state governments. Policymakers should focus on reducing youth vaping while also providing support for smokers seeking to quit.
The Pattern Of Urine Cytology In A Tertiary Teaching Hospital In Western Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Mohan Dr. Alok , Mondal Dr. Anindita , Singh Dr. Jyoti
Published: November 2024

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Choosing The Right Method For Labour Induction: Misoprostol Alone Versus Misoprostol With Foleys Catheter
Authors: Renuka J. , K Harrini , I N Bindu , . Fasna , K Aniket , Hameed Jamila
Published: November 2024

Background The aim of the retrospective study is to compare effectiveness, safety of oral misoprostol and Foley’s catheter for labour induction with misoprostol. The efficacy is measured by induction to delivery interval, the total number of normal vaginal spontaneous delivery within 24 hours without any complications. The two methods of induction were compared. As there is no ideal method of induction of labour, several methods and a combination method with Foley’s catheter and misoprostol was used to find the advantage of both methods. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted among the 400 patients of which 200 patients who had oral misoprostol alone and the rest 200 patients who had Foley’s catheter with misoprostol over the period of four months from 2024 May to August. Inclusion criteria consisted of singleton pregnancy greater than or equal to 37 weeks with intact membrane, cephalic presentation,bishops score less than or equal to 4. The exclusion criteria comprised of previous LSCS or uterine surgery, rupture of membrane. Results: The results were analyzed. The comparison of the maternal effects and also the neonatal outcome were studied in each group. We came to a conclusion that oral misoprfostol alone with Foley’s catheter is a better method for labour induction. Conclusion: The synergetic action of Foley’s catheter and misoprostol is remarkable. It is economical and preferable in developing countries.
Beyond The Usual Suspects: A Challenging Case Of Radix Entomolaris With Endodontic-Periodontal Lesion: A Case Report
Authors: V Dr Satya Kamal , A Dr Srirekha , Shariff Dr Samiha , C Dr Champa , DK Dr Sai Kiran
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this case report is to present an unusual endodontic periodontal lesion along with radix entomolaris in tooth 46 in a 31-year-old female patient with intermittent pain and sensitivity to hot and cold stimuli. Clinical examination revealed deep dentinal caries and periodontal pocket depth of 5mm in tooth #46.The radiographic examination revealed an extra distal root with a periapical radiolucency in tooth #46. patient was diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis and chronic apical periodontitis, with secondary periodontal involvement due to an endodontic-periodontal lesion. Non-surgical root canal treatment was performed, followed by canal obturation with resin-based sealer and final restoration with a porcelain fused to metal crown. After a 3-month follow-up, the patient remained asymptomatic, radiographs showed bone reposition, and periodontal probing depth decreased, indicating successful treatment.
Factors Associated With Presence Of Pneumomediastinum And Pneumothorax In Patients With Covid 19 In Public Hospital In Puebla
Authors: J Toledo Estrada , Em Ramales Montes , Di Lopez Ortega , Jc Herrera García
Published: November 2024

Introduction: acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to covid 19 can lead to the presence of pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum; rare but potentially fatal and is related to mechanical ventilation or the severity of the disease. Recently, cases of pneumomediastinum have been documented despite the use of different protective ventilation measures, without being clear about its origin or prognosis. Material and methods: descriptive, retrospective and single-center study in patients with covid 19 admitted to a second level hospital in the city of puebla during march 1, 2020 to march 1, 2021. Results: during the period from january 2020 to january 2021, 966 patients were admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of covid 19. 29 (3%) patients presented some pleural complication. 23 (84%) had pneumomediastinum and 5 (18%) had pneumothorax. The most prevalent comorbidities were diabetes, arterial hypertension and obesity. 80% of the patients had dyspnea and chest pain as the initial symptom. In laboratory tests, 80% of the patients had high ldh and c-reactive protein associated with leukocytosis. Conclusion: the prevalence of pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum in patients with covid 19 was 3% with a mortality rate of 25%
A Descriptive Study To Assess The Job Stress And Satisfaction, Among Operating Room Nurses Working At Multi Specilty Hospital Of Vellore, Tamil Nadu
Authors: N Thenmozhi. , J Sumathy.
Published: November 2024

We use the word "stress" when we feel that everything seems to have become too much - we are overloaded and wonder whether we really can cope with the pressures placed upon us. Anything that poses a challenge or a threat to our well-being is a stress. More than 60% of nurses say they have suffered the side-effects of workrelated stress, such as physical or mental health problems in the past year. according to the findings from our latest annual survey on the state of nursing. “l am nearly on my knees with the level of work l have. l am beyond exhausted and have gone off with stress today”. Job satisfaction is defined as the affective feeling an employee has towards their job. A descriptive study was conducted to assess the job stress, and job satisfaction among the staff nurses working in the Operating Room of Multi-specialty Hospital Vellore in Tamil Nadu. All the nurses working in the OR who fulfilled the inclusion criteria was selected using total enumerative sampling technique. The data was collected by administering the self-administered questionnaire for job stress and the job satisfaction. Instrument: The job stress will be assessed by using the perceived stress scale which is a free standardized tool. The investigator developed a tool to assess the job satisfaction. The instrument had three parts. Part I Demographic data, Part II job satisfaction The investigator prepared the 5 point Likert scale under the headings of patient care. Interpersonal relationship, professional development. Personal development and the ward management which got 25 questions with the description of highly dissatisfied, dissatisfied, neither dissatisfied nor satisfied, satisfied, highly satisfied. and Part III was to assess the job stress. Perceived stress scale which has got 10 questions with the description of 0 to 4. 0=Never, 1= almost never, 2= sometimes, 3= fairly often, 4= very often, used to assess the Job stress Scoring: The sum of the score was added up and the total score was 125 for the job satisfaction < 25 was considered as Highly dissatisfied, 26-50 was Dissatisfied 51- 75 neither dissatisfied nor satisfied 76- 100 Satisfied and 101- 125 was Highly satisfied. To get a total score for the Job stress each item was added up. Individual scores on the PSS can range from 0 to 40 with higher scores indicating higher perceived stress. 0-13 was considered low stress. 14-26 was considered as moderate stress and 27-40 was considered high perceived stress.
Why Is The Inflation Being Experienced By The U.K. Proving To Be More ‘Sticky’ Than Expected?
Authors: Rattan Savvy
Published: November 2024

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Os Impactos Das Tecnologias Sobre O Desempenho Escolar Dos Estudantes: Perspectivas Para A Educação 4.0
Authors: Theobald Ana Alice De Rezende Fonseca , Silva Luana Guimaraes Da , Silva José Antonio Da , Souza Fernanda Damasceno De , Santos Adelcio Machado Dos
Published: November 2024

A pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar os impactos da Educação 4.0 no desempenho escolar, explorando a integração de tecnologias digitais no processo educativo. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória de abordagem qualitativa, com entrevistas em profundidade realizadas com quinze professores de uma escola brasileira, permitindo captar suas percepções e experiências. Os resultados indicaram que as tecnologias aumentam o engajamento e a autonomia dos alunos, mas também destacaram desigualdades no acesso a esses recursos, preocupações sobre a formação dos educadores e a importância do suporte institucional. A análise revelou que, embora a integração tecnológica possa transformar a educação, é essencial abordar as lacunas de formação e as disparidades de acesso. Conclui-se que a eficácia da Educação 4.0 depende de políticas que promovam inclusão digital e capacitação docente, garantindo que todos os alunos tenham oportunidades equitativas para se desenvolverem em um ambiente educativo inovador e colaborativo
Multiple short‐chain dehydrogenases/reductases are regulated in pathological cardiac hypertrophy
Authors: Roussel Elise , Drolet Marie‐Claude , Lavigne Anne‐Marie , Arsenault Marie , Couet Jacques
Published: August 2018

Cardiac hypertrophy (CH) is an important and independent predictor of morbidity and mortality. Through expression profiling, we recently identified a subset of genes (Dhrs7c, Decr, Dhrs11, Dhrs4, Hsd11b1, Hsd17b10, Hsd17b8, Blvrb, Pecr), all of which are members of the short‐chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamily and are highly expressed in the heart, that were significantly dysregulated in a rat model of CH caused by severe aortic valve regurgitation (AR). Here, we studied their expression in various models of CH, as well as factors influencing their regulation. Among the nine SDR genes studied, all but Hsd11b1 were down‐regulated in CH models (AR rats or mice infused with either isoproterenol or angiotensin II). This regulation showed a clear sex dimorphism, being more evident in males than in females irrespective of CH levels. In neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, we observed that treatment with the α1‐adrenergic receptor agonist phenylephrine mostly reproduced the observations made in CH animals models. Retinoic acid, on the other hand, stimulated the expression of most of the SDR genes studied, suggesting that their expression may be related to cardiomyocyte differentiation. Indeed, levels of expression were found to be higher in the hearts of adult animals than in neonatal cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, we identified a group of genes modulated in animal models of CH and mostly in males. This could be related to the activation of the fetal gene expression program in pathological CH situations, in which these highly expressed genes are down‐regulated in the adult heart.
Trapped Chromatin Fibers Damage Flowing Red Blood Cells
Authors: Roushan Maedeh , Jorfi Mehdi , Mishra Avanish , Wong Keith H. K. , Jorgensen Julianne , Ell Eric , Markmann James F. , Lee Jarone , Irimia Daniel
Published: August 2018

Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cells in the circulation and serve antimicrobial functions. One of their antimicrobial mechanisms involves the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), long chromatin fibers decorated with antimicrobial granular proteins that contribute to the elimination of pathogens. However, the release of NETs has also been associated with disease processes. While recent research has focused on biochemical reactions catalyzed by NETs, significantly less is known about the mechanical effect of NETs in circulation. Here, microfluidic devices and biophysical models are employed to study the consequences of the interactions between NETs trapped in channels and red blood cells (RBCs) flowing in blood over the NETs. It has been found that the RBCs can be deformed and ruptured after interactions with NETs, generating RBC fragments. Significant increases in the number of RBC fragments have also been found in the circulation of patients with conditions in which NETs have been demonstrated to be present in circulation, including sepsis and kidney transplant. Further studies will probe the potential utility of RBC fragments in the diagnostic, monitoring, and treatment of diseases associated with the presence of NETs in circulation.
Evolution of the As‐Cast Grain Microstructure of an Ultrasonically Treated Al–2Cu Alloy
Authors: Wang Gui , Croaker Paul , Dargusch Matthew , McGuckin Damian , StJohn David
Published: August 2018

The evolution of the grain structure of an Al–2Cu alloy is investigated numerically during its solidification while being subjected to ultrasonic treatment. A CAFE (Cellular Automation Finite Element) model coupling fluid flow, heat transfer, nucleation, and grain growth is developed and validated by comparing the results of both numerical simulations and physical experiments. The model successfully describes hydrodynamic fields generated by ultrasonic treatment and their influence on microstructural evolution. This validated model is then used to study the influence of the duration of ultrasonic treatment on temperature distribution and grain structure. A predominantly equiaxed grain structure developed due to the low temperature gradient throughout the melt is a result of the enhanced convection. These results highlight the critical role played by the convection induced by acoustic streaming during casting, that is, facilitating nucleation and grain growth.
All‐Optical‐Input Transistors: Light‐Controlled Enhancement of Plasmon‐Induced Photocurrent
Authors: Gao Xu Dong , Fei Guang Tao , Zhang Yao , Zhang Li De , Hu Ze Min
Published: August 2018

Although phototransistors for controlling photocurrent with electricity have been studied intensively for several decades, transistors with all‐optical inputs that can control the photocurrent with light have not been investigated thus far. In this paper, a plasmonic porous Ag/TiO2 transistor is fabricated with all‐optical inputs. One light input acts as the source to generate a plasmonic‐hot‐electron photocurrent, while the other gate light changes the current channel by adjusting the height of an Ag/TiO2 Schottky barrier. As a result, the plasmon‐induced photocurrent generated by the source light can be enhanced by several to one hundred times by controlling the gate light. In addition to signal enhancement, the device can also be used for signal modulation and switching.
Plasmon‐Enhanced Photodetection in Ferromagnet/Nonmagnet Spin Thermoelectric Structures
Authors: Jeon Chul‐Yeon , Baek Kwang Min , Kim Shinho , Kim Dong‐Jun , Jang Min Seok , Jung Yeon Sik , Park Byong‐Guk
Published: August 2018

The photothermoelectric (PTE) effect that originates from the temperature difference within thermoelectric materials induced by light absorption can be used as the mechanism for a light sensor in optoelectronic applications. In this work, a PTE‐based photodetector is reported using a spin thermoelectric structure consisting of CoFeB/Pt metallic bilayers and its signal enhancement achieved by incorporating a plasmonic structure consisting of Au nanorod arrays. The thermoelectric voltage of the bilayers markedly increases by 60 ± 10% when the plasmon resonance condition of the Au nanorods is matched to the wavelength of the incident laser. Full‐wave electromagnetic simulations reveal that the signal enhancement is due to the increase in light absorption and consequential local heating. Moreover, the alignment of the Au nanorods makes the thermoelectric voltages sensitive to the polarization state of the laser, thereby enabling the detection of light polarization. These results demonstrate the feasibility of a hybrid device utilizing plasmonic and spin‐thermoelectric effects as an efficient PTE‐based photodetector.
Melt Electrowriting Allows Tailored Microstructural and Mechanical Design of Scaffolds to Advance Functional Human Myocardial Tissue Formation
Authors: Castilho Miguel , van Mil Alain , Maher Malachy , Metz Corina H. G. , Hochleitner Gernot , Groll Jürgen , Doevendans Pieter A. , Ito Keita , Sluijter Joost P. G. , Malda Jos
Published: August 2018

Engineering native‐like myocardial muscle, recapitulating its fibrillar organization and mechanical behavior is still a challenge. This study reports the rational design and fabrication of ultrastretchable microfiber scaffolds with controlled hexagonal microstructures via melt electrowriting (MEW). The resulting structures exhibit large biaxial deformations, up to 40% strain, and an unprecedented compliance, delivering up to 40 times more elastic energy than rudimentary MEW fiber scaffolds. Importantly, when human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC‐CM) are encapsulated in a collagen‐based hydrogel and seeded on these microstructured and mechanically tailored fiber scaffolds, they show an increase in beating rate (1.5‐fold), enhanced cell alignment, sarcomere content and organization as well as an increase in cardiac maturation‐related marker expression (Cx43 1.8‐fold, cardiac Actin 1.5‐fold, SERCA2a 2.5‐fold, KCNJ2 1.5‐fold, and PPARGC1a 3.6‐fold), indicative of enhanced iPSC‐CM maturation, as compared to rudimentary fiber scaffolds. By combining these novel fiber scaffolds with clinically relevant human iPSC‐CMs, a heart patch that allows further maturation of contractile myocytes for cardiac tissue engineering is generated. Moreover, the designed scaffold allows successful shape recovery after epicardial delivery on a beating porcine heart, without negative effects on the engineered construct and iPSC‐CM viability.
2D Nanospace Confined Synthesis of Pseudocapacitance‐Dominated MoS2‐in‐Ti3C2 Superstructure for Ultrafast and Stable Li/Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ma Kun , Jiang Hao , Hu Yanjie , Li Chunzhong
Published: August 2018

Exploring a universal strategy to implement the precise control of 2D nanomaterials in size and layer number is a big challenge for achieving ultrafast and stable Li/Na‐ion batteries. Herein, the confined synthesis of 1–3 layered MoS2 nanocrystals into 2D Ti3C2 interlayer nanospace with the help of electrostatic attraction and subsequent cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) directed growth is reported. The MoS2 nanocrystals are tightly anchored into the interlayer by 2D confinement effect and strong MoC covalent bond. Impressively, the disappearance of Li+ intercalated into MoS2 reduction peak is successfully observed for the first time in the experiment, showing in a typical surface‐controlled charge storage behavior. The pseudocapacitance‐dominated contribution guarantees a much faster and more stable Li/Na storage performance. As predicted, this electrode exhibits a very high Li+ storage capacity of 340 mAh g−1 even at 20 A g−1 and a long cycle life (>1000 times). It also shows an excellent Na+ storage capacity of 310 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 with a 1600 times high‐rate cycling. Such impressive confined synthesis strategy can be extended to the precise control of other 2D nanomaterials.
Enhancing Osteosarcoma Killing and CT Imaging Using Ultrahigh Drug Loading and NIR‐Responsive Bismuth Sulfide@Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: Lu Yao , Li Lihua , Lin Zefeng , Li Mei , Hu Xiaoming , Zhang Yu , Peng Mingying , Xia Hong , Han Gang
Published: August 2018

Despite its 5‐year event‐free survival rate increasing to 60–65% due to surgery and chemotherapy, osteosarcoma (OS) remains one of the most threatening malignant human tumors, especially in young patients. Therefore, a new approach that combines early diagnosis with efficient tumor eradication and bioimaging is urgently needed. Here, a new type of mesoporous silica–coated bismuth sulfide nanoparticles (Bi2S3@MSN NPs) is developed. The well distributed mesoporous pores and large surface areas hold great promise for drug protection and encapsulation (doxorubicin (DOX), 99.85%). Moreover, the high photothermal efficiency of Bi2S3@MSNs (36.62%) offers great possibility for cancer synergistic treatment and highly near‐infrared‐triggered drug release (even at an ultralow power density of 0.3 W cm−2). After covalently conjugated to arginine‐glycine‐aspartic acid (RGD) peptide [c(RGDyC)], the NPs exhibit a high specificity for osteosarcoma and finally accumulate in the tumor cells (tenfold more than peritumoral tissues) for computed tomography (CT) imaging and tumor ablation. Importantly, the synergistic photothermal therapy–chemotherapy of the RGD–Bi2S3@MSN/DOX significantly ablates the highly malignant OS. It is further proved that the superior combined killing effect is achieved by activating the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Hence, the smart RGD–Bi2S3@MSN/DOX theranostic platform is a promising candidate for future applications in CT monitoring and synergistic treatment of malignant tumors.
An On‐Chip SiC MEMS Device with Integrated Heating, Sensing, and Microfluidic Cooling Systems
Authors: Dinh Toan , Phan Hoang‐Phuong , Kashaninejad Navid , Nguyen Tuan‐Khoa , Dao Dzung Viet , Nguyen Nam‐Trung
Published: August 2018

There has been increasing interest in electronic systems with integrated microfluidic active cooling modules. However, the failure of 3C‐SiC/Si interface with increasing temperature has prevented the development of 3C‐SiC power electronic devices. Here, all integrated transparent heating, sensing, and cooling systems are developed on a single silicon carbide (SiC) chip for efficient thermal management. SiC nanofilms are grown on a silicon wafer, are transferred to a glass substrate, and then a micro electromechanical system process is employed to fabricate a SiC‐on‐glass system with integrated heaters and temperature sensors. A cooling system is fabricated with microchannel using 3D printing, molding, and plasma assisted bonding. The thermal management of the SiC‐based system shows an excellent capability of heating and detecting temperature as well as effective cooling with an efficiency of from 0.24 to 0.28 and a maximum cooling rate of 0.1 K(µL min−1)−1. The fabrication strategy can be utilized for large production of SiC power nanoelectronics with high efficiency of integrated thermal management systems.
Achieving Self‐Stiffening and Laser Healing by Interconnecting Graphene Oxide Sheets with Amine‐Functionalized Ovalbumin
Authors: Owuor Peter Samora , Tsafack Thierry , Schara Steven , Hwang HyeYoon , Jung Seohui , Salvatierra Rodrigo V. , Li Tong , Susarla Sandhya , Ren Muqing , Wei Bingqing , Vajtai Robert , Tour James M. , Lou Jun , Tiwary Chandra Sekhar , Ajayan Pulickel M.
Published: August 2018

Mimicking the remarkable properties of natural materials such as toughness, self‐stiffening, self‐healing, etc., is useful for several structural, functional, and biomedical applications. The judicious combination of natural and synthetic building blocks to design hybrid materials could offer an alternative route to achieving the aforementioned properties of natural materials. This study reports easily scalable process to synthesize graphene oxide (GO)/egg white hybrid material (polyalbumene) by cross‐linking GO nanosheet with the amine‐based cross‐linker diethylenetriamine (DETA) and egg white. The result is a layered material like nacre, exhibiting high strength and toughness. Abundant functional groups on the GO allow covalent interactions between DETA and egg white protein amino acids. The atomistic simulations reveal that the insertion of GO into the composite has a sizeable impact on the composite's stiffness. As shown by experiments, the hybrid material has an elastic modulus of ≈41 MPa and a ductility of more than 25%. The hybrid material also exhibits a fracture repair property under laser exposure as well as CO2 absorption and stiffening over time, suggesting an adaptable behavior. This work explores the possibility that the combination of synthetic and natural approaches offers a better route to designing advanced, tough, strong, adaptable, and fracture recovering materials.
“Carbon‐Glue” Enabled Highly Stable and High‐Rate Fe3O4 Nanorod Anode for Flexible Quasi‐Solid‐State Nickel–Copper//Iron Alkaline Battery
Authors: Jiang Yuqi , Zhao Dengfeng , Ba Deliang , Li Yuanyuan , Liu Jinping
Published: August 2018

The practical application of iron oxide anode in rechargeable alkaline batteries is greatly hampered by the poor electrochemical stability and low rate capability. In addition, flexible solid‐state iron anode‐based rechargeable batteries with distinctive counter electrode coupling are quite lacking. Herein, an interesting “carbon glue” penetration strategy toward Fe3O4 nanorod film anode is proposed. This design not only immobilizes the nanorods and maintains strong adhesion with the current collector but also ensures continuous electrically conductive pathway, resulting in dramatically increased stability (≈99% capacity retention after 1000 cycles) and excellent rate performance (1.2 min charging with ≈70.6% initial capacity kept). By pairing with a new‐type Ni0.49Cu0.51O nanowire array cathode, a unique 1.2 V flexible rechargeable nickel–copper//iron alkaline battery is further assembled, which stores energy based on redox electrochemistry of transition metal ions. It delivers high volumetric energy and power densities (7.21 mWh cm−3; 299.30 mW cm−3), and demonstrates outstanding stability up to 5000 cycles. In particular, with the utilization of quasi‐solid‐state electrolyte, the device still maintains good performance upon substantially bending and twisting. This work presents a new concept to design high stability iron anode‐based alkaline batteries and further pushes forward the development of emerging flexible energy storage systems.
Simulation of Many‐Electron Systems That Exchange Matter with the Environment
Authors: Delle Site Luigi
Published: August 2018

The computational treatment of many‐electron systems capable of exchanging electrons and nuclei with the environment represents one of the outermost frontiers in simulation methodology. The exchanging process occurs in a large variety of natural and artificially induced phenomena which are of major relevance to several leading fields of academic research and modern technology. In this Progress Report, an overview of problems in current materials science and chemical physics is presented where the corresponding computational approaches require the concept of an electronic system with open boundaries. Quantum and quantum/classical computational techniques treat the exchange of electrons with the environment at different computational efficiency, conceptual rigorousness, and numerical accuracy. The overall emerging picture shows a rich availability of interesting ideas, some with a higher weight on the pragmatic side, others with higher weight on the conceptual side; possible combinations, in perspective, may push the field much beyond its current frontiers.
Relativistic Theory and Ab Initio Simulations of Electroweak Decay Spectra in Medium‐Heavy Nuclei and of Atomic and Molecular Electronic Structure
Authors: Morresi Tommaso , Taioli Simone , Simonucci Stefano
Published: August 2018

In this work a novel theoretical and computational method for computing electroweak beta decay spectra of medium and heavy‐mass nuclei, as well as the electronic structure of atomic and molecular systems is developed. In particular, starting from the phenomenological electroweak interaction of the Standard Model (SM) of particles, a general expression of the beta decay rate was derived. Relativistic effects are taken into account by solving the many‐electron Dirac equation from first‐principles. Furthermore, an extension of this approach to include the nucleon‐nucleon interaction at the same level of theory of the electronic correlations has been devised. It is shown that post‐collisional effects, and to a lesser extent the electronic exchange and correlation, can modify significantly the cross‐section only at low energies (<10 keV), while nuclear correlations considerably affect the lineshape of both the absorption and emission spectra particularly in odd‐odd nuclear transitions, where the independent particle approximation, on which the nuclear shell model is framed, is more likely to fail. These findings demonstrate the importance of moving beyond the independent particle picture to obtain an accurate description of the experimental data by adding the many‐body correlations between the spectator and participator hadrons and leptons involved in the decay. The application of our approach to a number of test cases, such as the modeling of beta decay of 36Cl, 63Ni, 129I, 210Bi, 241Pu and of the electron capture of 138La3 + , leads to an extremely good agreement with the relevant experimental data. Finally, the extension of this method to atomic and molecular systems by calculating the electronic structures of 138La3 + and several isomers (MgCN, MgNC) and molecules (HMgCN, MgCNO, and BrCF3) relevant to astrophysical scenarios is presented. This method, which is capable to deal with both nucleonic and electronic degrees of freedom, has far‐reaching implications also in neutrino physics and nuclear astrophysics.
Coherent Spin and Quasiparticle Dynamics in Solution‐Processed Layered 2D Lead Halide Perovskites
Authors: Giovanni David , Chong Wee Kiang , Liu Yu Yang Fredrik , Dewi Herlina Arianita , Yin Tingting , Lekina Yulia , Shen Ze Xiang , Mathews Nripan , Gan Chee Kwan , Sum Tze Chien
Published: August 2018

Layered 2D halide perovskites with their alternating organic and inorganic atomic layers that form a self‐assembled quantum well system are analogues of the purely inorganic 2D transition metal dichalcogenides. Within their periodic structures lie a hotbed of photophysical phenomena such as dielectric confinement effect, optical Stark effect, strong exciton–photon coupling, etc. Detailed understanding into the strong light–matter interactions in these hybrid organic–inorganic semiconductor systems remains modest. Herein, the intricate coherent interplay of exciton, spin, and phonon dynamics in (C6H5C2H4NH3)2PbI4 thin films using transient optical spectroscopy is explicated. New insights into the hotly debated origins of transient spectral features, relaxation pathways, ultrafast spin relaxation via exchange interaction, and strong coherent exciton–phonon coupling are revealed from the detailed phenomenological modeling. Importantly, this work unravels the complex interplay of spin–quasiparticle interactions in these layered 2D halide perovskites with large spin–orbit coupling.
Low Loading of RhxP and RuP on N, P Codoped Carbon as Two Trifunctional Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen and Hydrogen Electrode Reactions
Authors: Qin Qing , Jang Haeseong , Chen Lulu , Nam Gyutae , Liu Xien , Cho Jaephil
Published: August 2018

Reducing the consumption of noble metals in energy devices, such as fuel cells, zinc–air batteries, and water splitting cells, is a core issue for achieving an environmentally sustainable society. Herein, two highly efficient electrocatalysts are synthesized, composed of N, P codoped carbon (NPC) modified with noble metals phosphides (RhxP/NPC and RuP/NPC) through pyrolysis of a mixture of RhCl3 · xH2O or RuCl3 · xH2O, respectively, with phytic acid. Unlike the reported rhodium and ruthenium phosphides, RhxP/NPC and RuP/NPC have a low loading of Rh (≈0.4 wt%) and Ru (≈0.5 wt%) and yet still exhibit excellent trifunctional activities for oxygen reduction, oxygen evolution, and hydrogen evolution reactions. For hydrogen evolution, RhxP/NPC shows a Pt‐like activity and excellent durability in acidic medium. Notably, RuP/NPC becomes more active after 2000 cycles in the durability test. For oxygen reduction, both of the catalysts show a half‐wave potential of 0.89 V, which is positively shifted 40 mV relative to that of Pt/C (0.85 V) in 0.1 m KOH. In addition, RhxP/NPC and RuP/NPC also exhibit activities superior to that of IrO2 in oxygen evolution. Finally, zinc–air batteries and water splitting cells assembled with RhxP/NPC and RuP/NPC catalysts display good performance.
Comprehensive New Insights and Perspectives into Ti‐Based Anodes for Next‐Generation Alkaline Metal (Na+, K+) Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Nana , Chu Chenxiao , Xu Xun , Du Yi , Yang Jian , Bai Zhongchao , Dou Shixue
Published: August 2018

Sodium ion batteries (NIBs) and potassium ion batteries (KIBs) are promising candidates for large‐scale energy storage systems, with a similar “rocking chair” working principle to lithium ion batteries due to their earth abundance and lower cost. One of the major challenges in NIB research is the search for suitable anode materials with long lifetimes and high specific capacities. The research on KIBs is still in its infancy. Titanium‐based anodes present low lattice strain, high safety, and overall stability during cycling, which make them promising for large‐scale systems, especially for stationary batteries. In this review, the latest progress on titanium‐based anodes for NIBs and KIBs is summarized, including titanium dioxide and its composite, Na
x
TiO2 systems, NaTi2(PO4)3, titanates, and MXenes. The synthesis methods, modification methods, and sodium or potassium ion storage mechanisms of titanium‐based anodes are detailed; also the current challenges and future opportunities are discussed.
Creating Consensus Educational Goals for Pediatric Sepsis via Multicenter Modified Delphi
Authors: Woods Jason M. , Scott Halden F. , Zaveri Pavan P.
Published: August 2018

Clinical care of pediatric sepsis depends on early recognition and basic initial steps and thus focused educational materials for providers in these early phases of care are needed. The authors sought to identify educational goals and establish a framework for those materials.

The authors conducted a Delphi process to create consensus educational goals for the recognition and treatment of pediatric sepsis, focused on the needs of emergency and acute care providers. Experts in pediatric sepsis quality improvement and education were recruited. In each round the experts determined if a particular goal was appropriate for inclusion and provided edits if required. Free‐text responses and additional goals were accepted. The primary author deidentified and collated the responses and distributed an updated list of goals prior to each round.

Five experts participated in the Delphi process. After three rounds the panelists unanimously agreed on 14 educational goals. These goals include three on recognition, five on early treatment, three on treatment response, and three on continued treatment.

Using a Delphi process the authors established a list of educational goals for pediatric sepsis care. The experts largely agreed upon the initial set of goals and quickly came to consensus on the majority of topics. This highlights a foundation for any future educational interventions. In addition to creating content standards for pediatric sepsis education, this Delphi process represents a useful tool that may be adaptable to educational content development in other topics.
Preparedness for rapid veno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation introduction for pediatric severe acute respiratory distress syndrome: a case report
Authors: Toida Chiaki , Muguruma Takashi , Hashiba Katsutaka , Gakumazawa Masayasu , Morimura Naoto
Published: August 2018

Case

Previous research has suggested that venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (vvECMO) is useful for patients refractory to conventional therapy. We report a pediatric case of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection with a good outcome following rapid initiation of vvECMO.

This patient was a 13‐year‐old boy with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome due to influenza virus. Severe acute respiratory distress syndrome according to the Berlin definition, Murray score of 3.3, and severe air leak syndrome were found.

Outcome

Puncture for the cannula began 67 min after admission, and vvECMO management was rapidly initiated within 90 min after admission. Introduction of vvECMO required 23 min to complete. The patient was weaned from vvECMO on day 5 and he was discharged home without any complication.

Conclusion

It is essential to prepare a system that enables the rapid introduction of vvECMO for children in the emergency center.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed [4+2+1] Cycloaddition of In Situ Generated Ene/Yne‐Ene‐Allenes and CO
Authors: Tian Zi‐You , Cui Qi , Liu Cheng‐Hang , Yu Zhi‐Xiang
Published: August 2018

Reported herein is the first rhodium‐catalyzed [4+2+1] cycloaddition of in situ generated ene/yne‐ene‐allenes and CO to synthesize challenging seven‐membered carbocycles fused with five‐membered rings. This reaction is designed based on the 1,3‐acyloxy migration of ene/yne‐ene‐propargyl esters to ene/yne‐ene‐allenes, followed by oxidative cyclization, CO insertion, and reductive elimination to form the final [4+2+1] cycloadducts. The possible competing [4+1], [4+2], and [2+2+1] cycloadditions were disfavored, making the present reaction an efficient way to access functionalized 5/7 rings.
Alkalilithosilikate: Renaissance einer reputablen Substanzklasse mit überraschenden Lumineszenzeigenschaften
Authors: Dutzler Daniel , Seibald Markus , Baumann Dominik , Huppertz Hubert
Published: August 2018

Wir berichten hier über einen bisher unbekannten synthetischen Zugang zur Substanzklasse der Alkalilithosilikate, welche erstmals durch Hoppe in den 1980er Jahren beschrieben wurden. Mit der Synthese und Charakterisierung von NaK7[Li3SiO4]8 waren wir des Weiteren in der Lage, die Familie der Alkalilithosilikate um ein zusätzliches Mitglied zu erweitern. Erstaunlicherweise zeigen NaK7[Li3SiO4]8 sowie die bereits etablierten Alkalilithosilikate Na[Li3SiO4] und K[Li3SiO4] bei Dotierung mit Eu2+ unvorhergesehene Lumineszenzeigenschaften. Na[Li3SiO4]:Eu2+ zeigt eine ultraschmalbandige, blaue und K[Li3SiO4]:Eu2+ eine Breitbandemission, während NaK7[Li3SiO4]8:Eu2+ eine gelb‐grüne Emission mit zwei Banden bei Anregung durch nahes UV‐ bis Blaulicht aufweist. Folglich handelt es sich bei allen untersuchten Substanzen dieser Verbindungsklasse um höchst interessante Leuchtstoffe für zukünftige Anwendungen in phosphorkonvertierenden LEDs.
Pack die Sonne in den Tank: Zur Weiterentwicklung nachhaltiger Energiesysteme
Authors: Schlögl Robert
Published: August 2018

Der Umbau von Energiesystemen hin zu nachhaltigen Lösungen schreitet seit einigen Jahren voran. Damit kann seine Wirkung im Klimaschutz durch Projektionen abgeschätzt werden. Dies geschieht hier für die Region der Europäischen Union. Das Resultat wird mit den Zielen des Pariser Klimavertrages verglichen. Es zeigt sich, dass zusätzliche qualitativ andersartige Maßnahmen ergriffen werden müssen.
Regioselective Metal‐ and Reagent‐Free Arylation of Benzothiophenes by Dehydrogenative Electrosynthesis
Authors: Lips Sebastian , Schollmeyer Dieter , Franke Robert , Waldvogel Siegfried R.
Published: August 2018

A novel strategy for the synthesis of biaryls consisting of a benzothiophene and a phenol moiety is reported. These heterobiaryls are of utmost interest for pharmaceutical, biological, and high‐performance optoelectronic applications. The metal‐ and reagent‐free, electrosynthetic, and highly efficient method enables the generation of 2‐ and 3‐(hydroxyphenyl)benzo[b]thiophenes in a regioselective fashion. The described one‐step synthesis is easy to conduct, scalable, and inherently safe. The products are afforded in high yields of up to 88 % and with exquisite selectivity. The reaction also features a broad scope and tolerates a large variety of functional groups.
Acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene/nitrile butadiene rubber blends enhanced by anhydrous cobalt chloride
Authors: Shao Chengli , Shang Peng , Mao Yapeng , Li Qiuying , Wu Chifei
Published: August 2018

Acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS)/nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) blends in the composition of 90/10 filled with anhydrous cobalt chloride (CoCl2) particles are successfully prepared to investigate the impact of CoCl2 on the composites properties. The coordination reaction between CoCl2 particles and nitrile groups in both ABS and NBR phase is generated by heat pressing at 190 °C for 15 min. Fourier transform infrared and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy are used for the investigation of the coordination reaction. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy are utilized to study microstructure of the composites. It is found that the solid‐state coordination reaction takes place between nitrile groups (‐CN) and cobalt ions (Co2+), which leads to increases in mechanical properties and glass transition temperature (Tg). The tensile strength and impact strength of ABS/NBR/CoCl2 composites are improved by about 14% and 29%, respectively, in contrast to that of pure ABS, with the CoCl2 loading in the range of 5–7 wt %. The studies of scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy demonstrate that the discrete NBR components are dispersed uniformly in ABS phase and the CoCl2 particles tend to disperse in NBR phase, which promotes the toughness of the composites. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46747.
Cellulose fatty acid ester coated papers for stand‐up pouch applications
Authors: Willberg‐Keyriläinen Pia , Ropponen Jarmo , Alakomi Hanna‐Leena , Vartiainen Jari
Published: August 2018

Stand‐up pouches are one of the fastest growing packaging concepts, which are replacing the traditional packaging formats. In this study, stand‐up pouch prototypes are prepared from cellulose fatty acid coated heat‐sealed virgin kraft paper with leak proof seals. This study demonstrates that molar mass controlled cellulose ester (C6‐C16) coatings can significantly improve the barrier properties of virgin kraft paper. All cellulose ester coatings performed better compared to that of PLA. Cellulose ester coatings also improved the resistance of virgin kraft paper against tested nonpolar oil and grease compounds. In addition, the cellulose ester coatings had no antimicrobial activity, and fewer microbes adhered to them than to the PLA surface. The results demonstrate that cellulose fatty acid ester coatings have high potential in future applications requiring good barrier properties. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46936.