bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Audio-Visual Media On the Ability to Understand Up Space Students
Authors: Zubairu Umaru
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of audio-visual media in the understanding of wake space , to know the results of student learning in the field of study of mathematics as well as determine whether there is a significant influence between the influence of teaching using audio visual media on student learning outcomes in the field of study of Mathematics. The research instrument used was a test writing essay form test as much as 5 grains of matter to the pretest and 5 grains of matter to posttest. As the population in this research is all which amounted to 28 people and the sample in this research is all students as Respondents. From the analysis of the data obtained some findings that average To the average value of the pretest experiments (67,79) and the average pretest before using the conventional method (51). while in post-test data after teaching using audio visual media for the average value of posttest (80.50) and the average value of teaching using conventional methods on the posttest is (76,11). From the calculation between the t with ttable if – t1 – ½ < t < t1 – 1/2< , where -1,217 < 2,24 < 1,217 then Based on this case, H0 is rejected while the Ha accepted which stated “There is a significant effect between teaching using audio visual media on the ability to understand up the space of students.
Efforts To Increase The Learning Outcomes Of Biology Through The Methods Of Cooperative Learning Type Group Investigation
Authors: Kurnia Putra
Published: February 2022

This study aims to improve student learning outcomes through the implementation of cooperative learning Group Investigation. This research is a classroom action research (Classroom Action Research) conducted in two cycles. Each cycle consists of four stages, namely planning, action, observation, and reflection. The subject of the research is all students as much as 352 students of VII-1 to VII-10 SMP Negeri 1 Rantau Utara, while its object is the students of class VII-1 as many as 34 students. The research Data is obtained through the provision of test, questionnaire, observation, and interview. The technique of data analysis is the technique of cooperative. The results showed increase in the percentage of student learning outcomes based on the test in the classical style for the initial test of 00,00% (category have not yet succeeded), the first cycle of 52,94% (category have not yet managed) and cycle II 91,18% (the category of work), which indicates an increase. The conclusion from this research is that the implementation of cooperative learning Group Investigation can improve the ability of learning outcomes biology class VII-1 SMP Negeri 1 Rantau Utara
The Effect of Using Digital Book to Ability Students’ Reading in Descriptive Text at Tenth Grade SMA Negeri 2 Rantau Selatan”.
Authors: Rambe Shopiah Anggraini , Anna Leli Harahap  , Rizki Lestari  , Gustiani Pratiwi  , Muhammad Rusli  , Nurhanna Harahap  , Jupriaman
Published: February 2022

Abstract

This study aims to see whether there is an effect of using a digital book on the reading ability of students in class X SMA Negeri 2 Rantau Selatan. This study uses a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental method. The population in this study were all class X-MIA SMA Negeri 2 Rantau Selatan and the sample was taken by 72 students with simple random sampling technique. The data technique used a written test in the form of an essay, the instruments used were pretest and posttest. Based on the t-test analysis using SPSS version 22 for windows, it is found that the value of t count< t table (1.241< 1.667). This shows that the ability to overcome students' reading skills by using digital books is better than students who use conventional learning models. Therefore, learning using a digital book can be used in implementing English learning at SMA Negeri 2 Rantau Selatan for the 2020/2021 school year.
Improving Learning Outcomes Reading Comprehension Using SQ3R Model
Authors: Vini Wela Septiana  , Ambiyar  , Ishak Aziz
Published: February 2022

In this research, the writer used an action research. For collecting the data, the writer used test and observation. The data sources were the 4th grade SD Negeri 07 Padang which consists of 17 students and a Teacher as the observer. Cycle I consists of planning, action, observation and reflection. Cycle II added by the revision of cycle I. Based on the results of the research, The success in this research has increased from cycle to cycle. Where the results of the lesson plan of cycle I with an average of 82% (good), in the second cycle with an average value of 85% (very good), from the teacher aspect in the first cycle with an average value of 85% (very good), in the second cycle with the average value of 93% (very good), while in the aspect of the first cycle students with an average value of 63% (enough), in the second cycle with an average value of 93% (very good). The learning outcomes in this cycle indicate that the average value is 65% (enough), increasing in the second cycle with an average value of 82% (Good). Thus, the hypothesis in this research is acceptable. It means, there is a significant improving in using SQ3R to increase the students’ reading comprehension in SD Negeri 07 Padang. The study of conducting action research is invaluable and inspiring experience that gives the researcher new knowledge. It is hoped that action research can be implemented by other researchers to achieve a better teaching and learning process
The Historical Of Evaluation Program And Philosophy Assessment
Authors: Nurhayati  , Ambiyar  , Ishak Aziz
Published: February 2022

This study aims to identify and understand the types of traditional instrument from West Sumatra. The method used in this study uses a library method or approach (library research). Data obtained through observation and literature study. The results showed that the historical of evaluation program called Age of Reform in 1900; the second, from 1900 until 1930, we call the Age of Efficiency and Testing; the third, from 1930 to 1945, may be called the Tylerian Age; the fourth, from 1946 to about 1957, it called the Age of Innocence; the fifth, from 1958 to 1972, is the Age of Development; the sixth, from 1973 to 1983, the Age of Professionalization; and finally the seventh from 1983 to 2000 the Age of Expansion and Integration.

The philosophical foundations of evaluation and assessment include ontological, epistemological, and axiological studies. The general philosophy that forms the basis of the assessment includes idealism, realism, pragmatism, and existentialism. Meanwhile, the schools of Philosophy of Education that underlie the assessment are perennialism, essentialism, progressivism, and reconstructivism.
Integration Of Digital Technology In Mathematics Learning
Authors: Yusri Wahyuni  , Jamaris  , Solfema
Published: February 2022

This study aims to describe the role of digital technology integration in learning mathematics. The integration study is viewed from the perspective of mathematics learning. It was concluded that the basic principle in integrating digital technology in mathematics learning is that the use of technology does not result in poor conceptual understanding or replaces the role of students' intuition in mathematics, but technology aims to improve students' conceptual understanding and develop students' intuitive abilities in mathematics. Mathematics is divided into two categories, namely knowing mathematics and doing mathematics. Knowing mathematics is related to knowledge of mathematics as a form of knowledge. Meanwhile, doing mathematics is related to mathematical activities
Policy On The Development Of The Performance Of The Bima Regency Population And Civil Registration Service Employees
Authors: Nur anilawati  , Khairul Sani
Published: February 2022

As an effort to improve the performance of employees at the Department of Population and Civil Registration, Bima Regency must diagnose all factors that can improve performance and factors that can reduce employee performance, especially by knowing the challenges and obstacles faced by employees and by the institution itself. Therefore, it is very important for the Department of Population and Civil Registration, which has a low level of performance, to be able to anticipate it by involving employees in training and comparative studies (tour study) so that they have references in improving employee performance so that the public can feel exclusively the results of the employee's performance. The method is descriptive quantitative with a population of all employees and the public who receive services then the number of samples is 30 respondents random sampling. The results are 14.15% of respondents answered very satisfied, then 43.85 percent of respondents answered satisfied, and respondents who answered quite satisfied were 42.00% and respondents who answered dissatisfied 0.00%. This shows that the performance of the Department of Population and Civil Registration of Bima Regency needs to be improved, marked by the high number of respondents who answered quite satisfied, namely 42.00%.
The Component Of Lesson Plan On Classroom Management
Authors: Firnando Sabetra  , Ambiyar  , Ishak Aziz
Published: February 2022

The present study has been conducted to identify and understand the component of the lesson plan on classroom management. The method used in this study uses a library method or approach (library research). Data obtained through observation and literature study. The results showed that the lesson plan as a well-organized planning of a lesson for estimating or projecting what will be done with the students in learning during classroom activities. The lesson plan must consist of ten components. These components of a lesson plan are: identity of school class, identity of the lesson, core competence, basic competences and indicators of competent achievement, objectives, materials, methods of teaching, media and resources, teaching activities and assessments. Planning  lessons  and  setting  goals  from  the  begging  would  help  the  students  to  gather  their  thoughts  about  the lesson  before class. So, the teacher should know how to manage the classroom. The classroom management is the relation between the teacher’s ability and student’s behavior to establish an appropriate classroom learning and teaching.
The COVID-19 Pandemic and Community’s New Habits
Authors: Roslinawati
Published: February 2022

COVID-19 or coronavirus disease is transmitted from human to human and its spread is getting wider along with human mobility. The wider spread has made various countries implement various policies to stop the spread of the virus. This study aims to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the community’s new habits. This study was conducted in Palu City. It used a qualitative approach. The instrument of the study was the researcher with the help of interview guides. The data analysis consisted of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of this study showed that COVID-19 has had a major impact on human life and even created new habits in the community
The Role of Librarians in the Implementation of Knowledge Management in IPDN Libraries
Authors: Delis Sri Maryati  , Iim Wasliman  , Achmad Mudrikah  , R. Supyan Sauri
Published: February 2022

This research describe about the role of librarians in the implementation of knowledge management in IPDN library. The general purpose of this study was to determine the role of librarians in the implementation of knowledge management in the IPDN Library. This research uses qualitative research with descriptive method. As a result, librarians have implemented knowledge management by means of knowledge identification, knowledge acquisition, knowledge development, knowledge sharing management and knowledge storage.
Community Based Education Planning
Authors: Nasrudin  , Sutaryat Trisnamansyah  , Iim Wasliman  , Hendi Suhendraya
Published: February 2022

Planning is an important and strategic element and provides direction in the implementation of activities to achieve the desired goals or objectives. The focus of this research is community-based education planning which is detailed in research problems, namely curriculum implementation planning and academic planning. This study uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques including interviews, observations, and documentation studies. Technique of data validity with source triangulation. The data analysis uses the following procedures: data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Research results: The curriculum applied at PKBM Miftahul Huda Majalengka uses a mixed curriculum or modification of the national curriculum combined with the Miftahul Huda Majalengka Taklim Council curriculum. The curriculum implementation planning has been made by the teacher. To support the implementation of the curriculum, an academic plan is made. The special academic planning in PKBM Miftahul Huda Majalengka is the Preparatory Class. Suggestions that can be given: (1) So that every teacher makes a complete curriculum implementation plan. (2) Recruitment of teaching staff according to their specialization.
Detection of Outer Wall Defects on Steel Pipe Using an Encircling Rotating Electromagnetic Field Eddy Current (RoFEC) Technique
Authors: Yin Xiaokang , Gu Zhuoyong , Wang Wei , Zhang Xiaorui , Yuan Xin'an , Li Wei , Chen Guoming
Published: February 2022

In recent years, the rotating electromagnetic field eddy current (RoFEC) testing technique has attracted widespread attention due to its various advantages for inspecting tubular structures. However, most of the related work was focused on detecting inner wall defects on metal pipes using feed-through probes, which are often not applicable for outer wall defect detection. This work pushes forward the encircling RoFEC technique and demonstrates its feasibility for detecting outer wall defects. First, the basic principle of the encircling RoFEC technique is introduced. A three-dimensional finite element (FE) model was built in COMSOL to analyse the distribution of the rotating electromagnetic field and study the interaction between the defects and eddy currents. The axial component of the resultant magnetic field due to defects was selected as a characteristic signal and obtained from the FE models to study the factors, including pipe tilt, defect circumferential location, defect orientation and defect size, that influence the detection performance. An encircling RoFEC system using a probe with six excitation windings and a single bobbin pickup coil was constructed and used to inspect a steel pipe with one axial and one circumferential defect. The obtained voltage signal due to defects can form a Lissajous pattern in the impedance plane and be used for defect evaluation. The results showed that the encircling RoFEC technique can detect outer wall defects of both orientations and determine the circumferential location of the defect.
Terrence Malick: THE NEW WORLD
Authors: Lenz Felix
Published: February 2022

Ein Film, ein Band – die "Film | Lektüren" nehmen sich Zeit und Raum. Band 3 ist mit Terrence Malicks "The New World" (2005) einem der Schlüsselfilme des Regisseurs gewidmet.

Die Kolonisierung Nordamerikas im 17. Jahrhundert offenbart die Brüche der Moderne im Keim. Den Entwürfen, Wünschen und Irrtümern der Kolonisten wie der indigenen Powhatan folgt Terrence Malick in "The New World" mit gleicher Aufmerksamkeit. In beiden Richtungen führen Übergangsabenteuer zwischen den Kulturen zu einer kristallinen Gestaltung, die jedem Moment Mehrdeutigkeit verleiht. Malicks ewiger Gegensatz von Natur und Kultur erscheint in "The New World" als tragisch verpasste interkulturelle Chance, die bis heute herausfordernde Fragen aufreißt. Die Präzision von Malicks legendärem Frühwerk und die ekstatischen Montageformen seines Spätwerks finden hierbei in ein perfektes Gleichgewicht, das die hybride Identität der faszinierenden Pocahontas (Q’orianka Kilcher) trägt. Über "Tree of Life" hinaus macht diese Vielseitigkeit "The New World" zum zentralen Film in Malicks Gesamtwerk.
"Ich sehe alles in einem so neuen Lichte"
Authors: Pensa Martin
Published: February 2022

Gustav Mahlers Neunte Sinfonie (1909) – für die einen Schwanengesang, für die anderen Türöffner zur Neuen Musik. Martin Pensas Monografie zeigt ein anderes Bild: Mahlers letztes vollendetes Werk als "Opus summum" mit Blick weit zurück bis in die Jugendjahre – als Meditation über Raum und Zeit.

Bereits kurz nach Gustav Mahlers Tod am 18. Mai 1911 entsteht der Mythos, der Komponist habe sich in seiner Neunten Sinfonie von Familie, Freunden und der Welt verabschiedet, also den eigenen Tod vorauskomponiert. Zwar stehen verschiedene Aussagen des Komponisten aus dem Jahr 1909 in eklatantem Widerspruch zu dieser Erzählung. Doch selbst nach 1945 verzichten die Advokaten der "Moderne" nicht auf den überkommenen Abschieds-Mythos, wenn sie avancierte Elemente in Mahlers Neunter hervorheben.

Der Autor sucht andere Möglichkeiten der Interpretation: 1912 hatten Richard Specht und Julius Korngold in ihren Besprechungen der Uraufführung auf eine intertextuelle Beziehung zu Mahlers Dritter Sinfonie hingewiesen, die bisher unbeachtet geblieben ist. Das Buch nimmt diesen Faden auf und durchleuchtet die letzte vollendete Sinfonie Mahlers auf weitere intertextuelle Beziehungen. Das Resultat ist bemerkenswert: Vor diesen neu erschlossenen Kontexten zeigt sich die Neunte als zutiefst retrospektive Komposition. Das Weltbild und die Philosophie des Komponisten erscheinen somit in einem neuen Licht.
Strategies to Enhance Compliance to Health and Safety Protocols within the South African Mining Environment
Authors: Muthelo Livhuwani , Maria Mothiba Tebogo , Nancy Malema Rambelani
Published: February 2022

Occupational health focuses on promotive and preventive and curative health. The occupational health practitioners have the responsibility to guide management and employees on the occupational legislative obligations aiming to safeguard legal compliance at the workplace. Additionally, it is the responsibility of the health professionals within the mining industry to provide primary, secondary and tertiary prevention strategies to improve the health and safety of workers. However, the prevalence of work-related diseases such as noise induced hearing loss, silicosis and the occurrence of accidents in the mining industry is an alarming factor. Systematic review method was adopted to identify and screen relevant citations. This book chapter aims to review and discuss existing literature on health and safety strategies to enhance safety compliance within the South African mining industry.
Enhancing the Productivity of Field Crops through Nano-Fertilizer
Authors: Sadhukhan Rahul , Devarishi Sharma L. , Sen Suman , Karmakar Snehashis , Banerjee Koushik , Baral Kirtiranjan
Published: February 2022

The growth of agricultural sectors can be maintained by increasing crop productivity through soil, water, and nutrient management. The most important management practice is nutrient management, which is supported by the effective use of nano-technology, especially nano-fertilizers. It is well known that nano-fertilizers are nutrient carriers of nano dimensions ranging from 30 to 40 nm (10−9 m or one-billionth of a meter). Due to their high surface area, they can hold abundant nutrients ions and release them slowly and steadily, commensurate with crop demand. Nano-fertilizers are easily uptaken and assimilated by the plants because of their ease of solubility, stability, controlled release in time, and easy mode of delivery and disposal. Due to nano fertilizers characteristics, different commercial products are available in the market, namely Nanogro, Geohumus, NanoGreen, and Lithovit High Yield fertilizer, which can be demonstrated among the farmers for increasing agricultural performance through soil and nutrient management. Besides, nano-fertilizer has good criteria like disease resistance properties. Nanoparticles of ZnO, CuO, and MgO can kill different fungal infections of crop plants. Though nano-fertilizers can be beneficial for improving agricultural performance, it has a detrimental effect on soil microflora, fauna, animals, and humans. It is associated with several diseases or hazards like high blood pressure, blood clots, stroke, arrhythmia, heart disease, etc. Nano-fertilizer also improves the yield of several field crops like pearl millet, wheat, pomegranate, onion, tomato, soybean, and vegetable crops like spinach and cucumber. Nano fertilizers also have sound capabilities to find the solution against the issues arising in modern agriculture due to conventional fertilizer application. Thus, nano-fertilizer has the potential to improve the yield of several field crops.
Physical Only Modes Identification Using the Stochastic Modal Appropriation Algorithm
Authors: Abdelghani Maher
Published: February 2022

Many operational modal analysis (OMA) algorithms such as SSI, FDD, IV, … are conceptually based on the separation of the signal subspace and the noise subspace of a certain data matrix. Although this is a trivial problem in theory, in the practice of OMA, this is a troublesome problem. Errors, such as truncation errors, measurement noise, modeling errors, estimation errors make the separation difficult if not impossible. This leads to the appearance of nonphysical modes, and their separation from physical modes is difficult. An engineering solution to this problem is based on the so-called stability diagram which shows alignments for physical modes. This still does not solve the problem since it is rare to find modes stable in the same order. Moreover, nonphysical modes may also stabilize. Recently, the stochastic modal appropriation (SMA) algorithm was introduced as a valid competitor for existing OMA algorithms. This algorithm is based on isolating the modes mode by mode with the advantage that the modal parameters are identified simultaneously in a single step for a given mode. This is conceptually similar to ground vibration testing (GVT). SMA is based on the data correlation sequence which enjoys a special physical structure making the identification of nonphysical modes impossible under the isolating conditions. After elaborating the theory behind SMA, we illustrate these advantages on a simulated system as well as on an experimental case.
Nutrients Deficit and Water Stress in Plants: New Concept Solutions Using Olive Solid Waste
Authors: Medhioub Samir , Bouraoui Slah , Ellouze Ali , Sabeur Hassen
Published: February 2022

Great efforts were deployed by researchers to mobilize water resources while is becoming rarer and to control with efficiency the water besides nutrient needs for the plant. Autonomous water and nutritional anti-stress device for plants (AWANASD) based on the recovery of rainwater patented by Medhioub et al. fits into this general framework. Scientific efforts were also dedicated to preserve the environment and minimize energy consumption through using agricultural waste materials in different fields. This chapter provides a new concept based on the use of the olive solid waste in AWANASD as water storage and nutrient elements for plants giving rise to the new system called AWANASD-OSW.
βI-Compactness, βI*-Hyperconnectedness and βI-Separatedness in Ideal Topological Spaces
Authors: T. Catalan Glaisa , P. Baldado Jr Michael , N. Padua Roberto
Published: February 2022

Let XτI be an ideal topological space. A subset A of X is said to be β-open if A⊆clintclA, and it is said to be βI-open if there is a set O∈τ with the property 1 O−A∈I and 2 A−clintclO∈I. The set A is called βI-compact if every cover of A by βI-open sets has a finite sub-cover. The set A is said to be cβI-compact, if every cover Oλ:λ∈Λ of A by β-open sets, Λ has a finite subset Λ0 such that A−∪Oλ:λ∈Λ0∈I. The set A is said to be countably βI-compact if every countable cover of A by βI-open sets has a finite sub-cover. An ideal topological space XτI is said to be βI∗-hyperconnected if X−cl∗A∈I for every non-empty βI-open subset A of X. Two subsets A and B of X is said to be βI-separated if clβIA∩B=∅=A∩clβB. Moreover, A is called a βI-connected set if it can’t be written as a union of two βI-separated subsets. An ideal topological space XτI is called βI-connected space if X is βI-connected. In this article, we give some important properties of βI-open sets, βI-compact spaces, cβI-compact spaces, βI∗-hyperconnected spaces, and βI-connected spaces.
Role of Community-Based Birth Attendants in Reduction of Maternal and Child Mortality
Authors: Agoyi Mary , Ojo Roland , Afolabi Toyosi , Ogunyemi Olakunmi , Adejumobi Sekinat , Awoniyi Adeyemi
Published: February 2022

Community-based Birth Attendants (CBAs) provide maternal, child, sexual and reproductive information and services to a large part of the population in rural, marginalised and hard-to-reach communities (especially in underdeveloped and developing regions). In Nigeria, they cater for ~70% of the reproductive population who patronise them in their various communities due to accessibility, affordability and social acceptance for pregnancy-related care, delivery, other sexual and reproductive healthcare concerns. CBAs could be skilled, semiskilled but are largely unskilled. Their level of skill, knowledge, attitude, and practice in their community concerning different health issues is a huge determinant of their clients’ health outcomes, which has also been skewed over time. Studies have shown that the knowledge of these CBAs continues to be impeded despite attempts at training them and unifying their practices, due to the deep-seated disunity that affects their uptake of thought interventions. These divisions are drawn along the lines of religion, initial training/education and gender differences. Therefore, continuous education on safe and current hygienic practices; increases their capacity, knowledge and skills for correct information dissemination and service delivery. Likewise, future assimilation into the formal health system with legal framework will help regulate their practices, thereby reducing maternal and child morbidity and mortality.
Improving Accessibility of e-Learning Templates for Students with Disabilities
Authors: Čakš Peter , Ferk Monika , Debevc Matjaž , Bele Lapuh Julija , Kožuh Ines
Published: February 2022

Because of the effective development of contemporary technologies, also during the recent COVID-19 pandemic, students with disabilities have been increasingly integrated into the society, work, and academic environment. Accordingly, the question of how to provide accessible graphical design of e-learning materials for various categories of students with disabilities and how to comply with international accessibility standards is becoming more and more prominent. The purpose of the study was to propose recommendations for the design of e-learning materials to achieve the preparation of effective study materials for students with hearing and visual loss, as well as autism spectrum disorders. According to their needs and requirements, recommendations for the graphic design of accessible e-learning materials have been designed, developed, implemented, and evaluated. The findings revealed a higher level of acceptance of adapted material for all experimental groups and can be helpful for teachers and other professionals educating students with disabilities.
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and Nano-Composites: An Efficient Tool for Cancer Theranostics
Authors: Darson Jaison , Mohan Mothilal
Published: February 2022

In recent years, functional Iron oxides nanoparticles and nano-composites have gained a special traction in the field of nano-biomedicine, owing to their multifunctional capabilities that includes the inherent magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic bioseparation, cargo delivery and magnetic hyperthermia behavior. Interestingly, there are various forms of iron oxides available, with each form having their own specific characteristics. The different polymorphic forms of iron oxides are obtained through various synthetic routes and are usually surface modified to prevent their oxidation. The chapter shall encompass the synthesis and surface modification of Iron oxides nanoparticles, physicochemical properties, and theranostic application of the magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in cancer. Also, the future directions of Iron oxide nanoparticles and nano-composites towards the achievement of clinically realizable nanoformulation for cancer theranostic applications were highlighted.
COVID-19 Sends the Bill: Socially Disadvantaged Workers Suffer the Severest Losses in Earnings
Authors: Leone Tharcisio
Published: February 2022

This work uses a nationally representative household survey conducted by phone during the COVID-19 pandemic to estimate the short-term impacts of lockdown measures on employment and income in Brazil. In May 2020, 18 percent of the employed population (around 15.7 million workers) were temporarily absent from their jobs due to the lockdown policies while 56.6 percent of them were no longer earning an income from work. Similar figures were registered in June 2020. This decrease in employment has generated a fall of 18 percent in the average work income and an increase of 0.014 points in the Gini coefficient. The vulnerable among the population have been hit hardest by the pandemic: the average earnings of the lowest income decile decreased from BRL 389.07 to 0 while for the second-lowest a 70.2 percent reduction has been seen (from BRL 878.08 to BRL 262.06). Thanks to the implementation of the COVID-19 Emergency Aid, the Brazilian government has been able to reduce the losses in income for all social classes. Nevertheless, the average income of the first decile is 5 percent lower than the value pre-pandemic while for the second decile the equivalent figure is 15.2 percent.
Signaling Pathways Regulating Axogenesis and Dendritogenesis in Sympathetic Neurons
Authors: Chandrasekaran Vidya
Published: February 2022

The post-ganglionic sympathetic neurons play an important role in modulating visceral functions and maintaining homeostasis through complex and reproducible axonal and dendritic connections between individual neurons and with their target tissues. Disruptions in these connections and in sympathetic nervous system function are observed in several neurological, cardiac and immune-related disorders, which underscores the need for understanding the mechanisms underlying neuronal polarity, axonal growth and dendritic growth in these neurons. The goals of this chapter are to explore our current understanding of the various growth factors, their signaling pathways, downstream effectors and interplay between these pathways to regulate different stages of axonal and dendritic growth in sympathetic neurons.
Rural Development on the Agricultural Institution Basis: Case of the Agricultural Development in Bali Province, Indonesia
Authors: Sedana Gede
Published: February 2022

Presently, agricultural sector has great role in supporting and accelerating economic development in the developing countries. Development of agriculture is always related to the rural development since it is an integral part to rural economic development. Therefore, the agricultural and rural development should be designed to increase the productivity of land, crops, and human resources in order to improve the welfare of rural village. The implementation of agricultural and rural development should be done by involving the rural institutions. Several problems have still found in the agricultural and rural development that should be properly managed by considering various aspects. In Bali Province, the implementation of agricultural and rural development can be conducted to develop tourism, industry, environment, and other economic activities. The agro-tourism, agro-industry, integrated farming system (system of crops and livestock) and village-owned enterprises could be developed as a response of the rural development.
Information for Rural Development in Africa
Authors: Phiri Austine
Published: February 2022

Information is one of the major contributors to sustainable development in Africa. Access to relevant information would offset the emerging challenges in market supply chains, climate change and shrinking natural resources. At the same time, information can help to reduce poverty and creating economic opportunity for the majority of the rural populace in Africa. Further growth of ICT can enhance lifelong learning and impart skills and knowledge for individual and societal growth. This growth in skills and knowledge would also impact access and use of information in agriculture, health, transportation and economy. Information is very important in business by presenting data in a way that can be interpreted by management and support growth in the industry. Relevant information can support teaching and learning and improve quality sustainable education development in Africa. The chapter proposes that access and use of information in Africa can be enhanced by designing and improving the existing information infrastructures such as the internet and information centres. Legislations such as Access to Information and others would compel African governments and institutions to reconsider the role of information for sustainable development and consequently use it for decision making and competitive advantage.
Multilingual Broadcasting Practice by Rural Radios in Kumbo, Cameroon
Authors: Nkahmenyuy Veranso Delphine , Evelyn Chibaka Fogwe
Published: February 2022

Rural multilingualism in the platform of radio broadcasting is a complex sociolinguistic phenomenon that can, if not strategically managed it can lead to chaos and societal conflict especially in a rural setting with intergenerational migrants co-existing. This study examines the languages used by the four rural radios in Kumbo, a rural area in the North West Region of Cameroon, during multilingual broadcasting. It presents findings on the languages used during multilingual broadcasting as well as how they are managed. Here, we bring to mind the importance of multilingual broadcasting practice in rural communities especially in Cameroon, and Kumbo where nothing has been done in this domain. The data used were collected through the use of 118 questionnaires (100 for the radio audience and 18 for the radio staffs), “conversational‟ interviews with the radio staffs and 2 focus group discussions. The data were analyzed using the SPSS and Content Analyses models. Being a multidisciplinary study, there were two theoretical frameworks employed from two inter-related disciplines. They are the Social Responsibility Theory which accounts for the things needed to be done by journalists to satisfy and provide their audience with accurate information and the Communicative Competence Theory which deals with the effectiveness of the messages broadcast in line with the respect of the structures of these languages to communicate effectively. The first theory is in line with the field of Journalism while the second is within the field of Linguistics. It was discovered that there are eight (8) languages used by all radios houses. Six (6) are national languages of the country and two (2) are the official languages of the country. Out of the national languages used, four (Cameroon Pidgin English, Fulfulde, Lamnso) are used for wider communication, three (Limbum, Noni/Noone and Oku) are developing while one (Hausa) is dispersed.
Association between social network sites use and mental illness: A meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Qinghua , Liu Jiangmeng , Rui Jian
Published: February 2022

The existing literature shows mixed results of how the use of social networking sites (SNSs) is related to mental health. Some studies provided evidence that SNS users are more mentally healthy because of the exchanged social support, while others argued that users tend to engage in upward social comparison, which would result in mental illness. To shed light on this relationship, we conducted a meta-analytic review to examine a) the association between SNS use and mental illness and b) the factors that moderate the association. A total of 1,451 studies were retrieved from six databases (i.e., Communication & Mass Media Complete, PsycINFO, Academic Search Complete, Web of Science, PubMed, and Medline), among which 37 empirical studies (N = 84,955) were eligible for meta-analysis based on the inclusion criteria (i.e., empirical and quantitative studies with human subjects, including sufficient statistical information for effect size computation, concerned with SNS use and mental illness). Results showed that SNS use is associated with not only the likelihood of experiencing overall mental illness (r = .11) but also specific illness, including depression (r = .10), suicidal ideation (r = .22), schizophrenia/mania (r = .09), and ADHD/hyperactivity (r = .27). In addition, the intensity of SNS use, continuous measurement (vs. categorical), and participants’ health condition were found as positive moderators, whereas adopting social support as the theoretical framework and the proportion of African American participants as negative moderators of the association between SNS use and mental illness. Implications of the current study were discussed.
Mindfulness mediates relations between anxiety with problematic smartphone use severity
Authors: Hallauer Caleb J. , Rooney Emily A. , Billieux Joel , Hall Brian J. , Elhai Jon
Published: February 2022

A growing body of literature has demonstrated relations between mood- and anxiety-related psychopathology with problematic smartphone use (PSU) symptom severity. However, there has been little empirical inquiry of potential mediators of these relationships. The current study examined trait mindfulness and smartphone use expectancies as mediators of the relation between depression/anxiety and PSU severity in 352 undergraduate students. Participants completed an online survey that measured depression, anxiety, smartphone use expectancies, and PSU severity. Structural equation modeling demonstrated that trait mindfulness was inversely associated, and smartphone use expectancies were positively associated, with PSU severity. Trait mindfulness significantly mediated relations between anxiety and PSU severity. Results provide implications for understanding PSU within the context of theoretical models of PSU’s development, and highlight the role of mindfulness as an emotion regulation strategy and potential treatment for PSU.
Geografie bariér
Authors: Šerý Ondřej , Doboš Pavel , Suchá Ladislava , Martinek Jan , Škop Stanislav , Kaplan Daniel , Surmařová Simona , Kotýnková Veronika , Línová Jana , Trojan Jakub , Krejčí Tomáš , Nováková Eva , Porkertová Hana , Osman Robert
Published: February 2022

The book Geography of Barriers: Examples of Good Barrier-free Practice offers a collection of texts that are interested in making space, services, and information accessible. Thus, the collection is primarily about barriers, their nature, localization, and possible effects. Under barriers, most people imagine material barriers for wheelchair users in the form of steps or sidewalk curbs. Only a few would think that barriers can be represented by loosely placed rugs, unfit lighting, large glass surface, a doorbell without visual output, unwanted attention, frequent asking and offering help, lack of language knowledge, pity, etc. Thus, the book broadens awareness of what can be considered a barrier. The texts are divided into three parts – theoretical, methodic, and empirical – and their arrangement follows the logic of thematic focusing from the most general to the most concrete types of barriers. While the theoretical part places the policies of accessibility into the wider context of scientific disciplines and their development – such as disability studies, disability geography or service design, the methodic part discusses the introduction of accessibility policies in the city of Brno, describing how it tried to make its space, services, and information more accessible. Finally, the empirical part offers 18 examples of relatively good barrier-free implementations that have been recently realized in Brno. This division reflects an effort to target several groups of readers. The first part thus addresses mainly students interested in accessibility issues, the second, methodic part is intended for politicians and municipalities searching for inspiration to implement their own accessibility measures and policies. The last part stating concrete examples of good barrier-free implementations is aimed at general public, at people who like to think about a whole range of topics related to accessibility of space, services, and information.
Prevalence of Atherosclerosis in Psoriatic Patients Detected with Epiaortic Color Doppler Ultrasound and Computed Tomography Angiography
Authors: Dattola Annunziata , Manenti Guglielmo , Ferrari Donatella , Vollono Laura , Marsico Salvatore , Lamacchia Feliciana , Esposito Maria , Marchesano Mattia , Zangrilli Arianna , Floris Roberto , Giunta Alessandro , Bianchi Luca
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Psoriasis (PsO), a chronic inflammatory, multisystemic, and multifactorial disease can cause endothelial dysfunction, artery calcification, and atherosclerotic disease. A higher incidence of vascular occlusive events has been observed in psoriatic patients compared to healthy controls, and multiple studies confirm the association between moderate-severe PsO and atherosclerosis, coronary artery calcification, and higher cardiovascular risk.
Objective: We sought to analyze atherosclerotic disease prevalence in epiaortic vessels of psoriatic and non-psoriatic patients to understand if PsO could represent an independent risk factor predisposing to atherosclerotic disease.
Methods: We evaluated 47 psoriatic patients without cardiovascular risk factors with color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS). If atheromatous plaques were detected, a computed tomography angiography (CTA) was performed. We evaluated 47 non-psoriatic patients without cardiovascular risk factors with CDUS. Atherosclerosis prevalence in both groups were statistically analyzed. CDUS performance was compared to CTA.
Results: In the psoriatic group (mean age 50.9 years), 6 had atheromatous plaques and 12 had an intima-media thickness (IMT) > 1 mm (overall prevalence of atherosclerotic disease: 38.2%). All plaques detected with CDUS were confirmed at CTA. In the control group (mean age 51.3 years), CDUS revealed atheromatous plaques in 4 patients and IMT > 1 mm in 4 ones (overall prevalence of 17%). The difference of atherosclerotic disease prevalence between the groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Our results highlight that PsO could be considered a predisposing factor for atherosclerotic disease development in epiaortic vessels, as it causes an increased IMT, that is also considered an independent cardiovascular risk factor.
Evaluation of Dermoscopic Features in Facial Melanosis with Wood Lamp Examination
Authors: Amatya Bibush
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Facial melanosis is one of the most common reasons for which patients refer to a dermatologist in Nepal.
Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the dermoscopic findings of common facial melanoses and correlate them with findings from Wood lamp examination.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital. We recruited a total of 204 patients from July 2020 to March 2021. The most common diagnosis was melasma (37 patients) followed by melasma with steroid-induced rosacea-like dermatitis (29 patients).  After collecting clinical and demographic data, patients underwent Wood lamp and dermoscopic examination.
Results: Dermoscopy of ashy dermatosis and nevus of Ota revealed blue-gray pigmentation forming a curvilinear pattern; café-au-lait macule and nevus spilus revealed a light brown reticular pattern with follicular sparing; and a reticular and hem-like pattern of pigmentation was observed in clofazimine-induced pigmentation, peribuccal pigmentation of Brocq and periorbital pigmentation. The degree of agreement between Wood lamp and dermoscopic findings was found to be statistically significant in melasma (κ = 0.701, P = 0.0001) and melasma with steroid-induced rosacea-like dermatitis (κ = 0.628, P = 0.0001). While the agreement between the two techniques was 100% for epidermal types, it decreased to 44.8% for dermal melasma and 61.5% for dermal melasma with steroid-induced rosacea-like dermatitis.
Conclusions: Dermoscopy is useful in assessing facial melanoses. It may be supplemented with Wood lamp examination to increase diagnostic accuracy.
Isotretinoin Treatment Practices and Outcomes in Acne Patients During the COVID-10 Pandemic: A Single Center, Retrospective, Comparative Study
Authors: Atak Mehmet Fatih , Ismail Mendi Banu , Kalay Yildizhan Incilay , Erdi Sanli Hatice , Farabi Banu
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic drastically changed the priorities in healthcare services; outpatient management of acne has changed during this period.
Objectives: We aimed to investigate treatment practices, outcomes and identify modified follow-up schedules applied during the pandemic.
Methods: The patients who were admitted to dermatology outpatient clinic between March 13 and July 13, 2020, were included. Patients who were admitted between March 13 and July 13, 2019, were served as controls for the study. For each patient, age, gender, treatment protocols, treatment intervals, compliance with the treatment, treatment modifications, and adverse events were recorded.
Results: The total number of acne patients admitted to dermatology outpatient clinics during the pandemic period was 278 and consisted of 12.3% (278) of all admissions. Isotretinoin treatment was started in only 16 (5.8%) of the patients. The proportion of patients who were under follow-up was significantly higher during the pandemic period (P < 0.005). There was no difference between the pandemic period and the non-pandemic period in terms of starting isotretinoin treatment (P > 0.05). During pandemic period, 79% of the patients who used isotretinoin were followed-up every two or more months. Extended follow-up intervals showed no difference for detecting side effects (P > 0.05).
Conclusions: Acne patients constitute an important part of dermatology outpatient clinics. During the pandemic period, the majority of acne patients came for follow-up. Extended follow-up periods were adopted by physicians and were found safe and effective in the current study. Thus, isotretinoin treatment seems efficacious and safe during pandemic period.