bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Congenital heart block immunogenetics. Evidence of an additional role of hla class iii antigens and independence of Ro Autoantibodies
Authors: Arnaiz‐Villena A. , Vicario J. L. , Martinez‐Laso J. , Vazquez‐Rodriguez J. J. , Lavilla P. , Pascual D. , Moreno F.
Published: February 2007

Congenital complete heart block (CCHB) occurs in the offspring of mothers who have the HLA–A1;B8; DR3 haplotype and Ro (SS‐A) autoantibodies. It has been shown that the presence of HLA–DR3 in mothers may facilitate Ro synthesis, but may not, by itself, be sufficient to induce CCHB in the offspring. However, maternal DR3 and Ro antibody seem to be independent factors associated with CCHB. Other HLA antigens, including class III (complement) genes, may also be necessary to induce CCHB in newborns since A1;B8; DR3 haplotypes, together with BfS and/or C4AQ0B1, are increased in Ro+ mothers of infants with CCHB compared with both controls and with Ro+ mothers whose offspring do not have CCHB. On the other hand, DR3 genes in a different HLA haplotype (i.e., B18; BfF1;DR3) are nonpathogenetic; this latter finding may be due to a DR3 gene's intrinsic difference or to the influence of neighboring genes. Also, a trend toward DR3 bias transmission is observed in DR3+ mothers who are also Ro+; fetal DR3 might protect the fetus against in utero death when Ro antibodies are present.
Immunohistologic demonstration of type ii collagen in synovial fluid phagocytes of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Moreland Larry W. , Stewart Tod , Gay Renate E. , Huang Guo Qiang , McGee Nancy , Gay Steffen
Published: February 2007

We were able to demonstrate type II collagen in synovial phagocytes of osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, using a monoclonal antibody to human type II collagen and immunoperoxidase staining. In addition, using immunoelectron microscopy, we demonstrated labeled fragments in synovial phagocytes of both RA and OA patients. This immunohistochemical assay may prove to be a sensitive indicator of cartilage erosion in patients with OAS and RA.
Medical compliance in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Problems and perspectives
Authors: Hayford Jennifer R. , Ross Caroline K.
Published: February 2007

The purpose of this paper is to examine problems in medication and exercise compliance for children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and to examine the inter‐rater reliability of multiple respondent (parent, child, physician, physical therapist) compliance assessment. Data on compliance, medication‐taking, and exercise were obtained from 93 parents of children with JRA. Self‐reports of compliance were obtained from 41 of the children with JRA. The physician and physical therapist also rated extent of compliance. Results showed that both parents and children reported significantly greater compliance with medication‐taking than with exercise performance. Older children (mean age 13.5 and 13.7 years for medication and exercise respectively) were more likely to report that they were responsible for assuring that recommendations were followed as compared to younger children (mean age 7.5 and 7.0 years). By parent report, locus of responsibility was significantly related to medication and exercise compliance (x2 = 17.6, P < 0.002). For medication compliance, inter‐rater agreement between child, parent, and physician was high (91% to 98%). For exercise compliance, inter‐rater agreement between child, parent, and physical therapist was lower (63% to 73%). These data reinforce the need for individualized education to accompany treatment recommendations as a means for improving compliance and the need to give special attention to the problem of making and complying with exercise recommendations in JRA. Ratings from multiple perspectives are a useful method for assessing the reliability of reported compliance.
Missed medication doses in rheumatic arthritis patients: Intentional and unintentional reasons
Authors: Lorish Christopher D. , Richards Bonnie , Brown Sam
Published: February 2007

A survey of 200 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients was conducted to identify the kinds and frequencies of intentional and unintentional reasons for missed medication doses. Planned and unplanned changes in usual activity routines accounted for most of the unintentionally missed doses, while side effects attributed to the medication accounted for most of the intentionally missed doses. Patients who did not miss medication doses were different from those who did by tending to have more financial resources and social support available to them.
Summer camps for juveniles with rheumatic disease: Do they make a difference?
Authors: Stefl Mary E. , Shear Edith S. , Levinson Joseph E.
Published: February 2007

Summer camps for juveniles with rheumatic disease are being offered increasingly as components of comprehensive treatment approaches, but the therapeutic value of these sessions is largely undetermined. This study attempted to judge the impact of a summer camping experience on two aspects of participants' psychosocial functioning, self‐concept, and locus of control. Both of these constructs have been related to effective disease management. On both measures, the mean scores of 36 campers improved significantly following a week‐long camp session, and these positive effects were maintained over a 6‐month follow‐up period. Campers who had attended previous camping sessions appeared to obtain maximal benefit, and male campers with rheumatic disease were identified as needing special attention. The study's limitations are discussed, and future research directions are outlined.
An introduction to rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Zvaifler Nathan J.
Published: February 2007

To understand the many forms of treatment available for patients with rheumatoid arthritis and the variable responses to these therapies, one must appreciate the complexity of this disease, the role played by immune mechanisms in its initiation and perpetuation, and its natural history, including factors that may predict a good or bad outcome. This introduction to rheumatoid arthritis will focus briefly on each of these areas.
Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Weinblatt Michael E. , Maier Agnes Lee
Published: February 2007

The management of the rheumatoid patient involves the considered use of pharmacologic agents as therapies to induce symptomatic relief and to reduce disease activity. Aspirin and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs are used initially to lessen the degree of pain and swelling associated with the inflammatory disease process. The aggressive institution of second‐line therapy, previously known as disease‐modifying antiinflammatory rheumatic drugs, is advocated to modify the disease course itself. These second‐line treatments include antimalarials, gold salts, methotrexate, d‐penicillamine, and azathioprine. Randomized placebo controlled trials have demonstrated the efficacy of these compounds in this illness. Improvement in standard parameters of disease activity (number of painful and swollen joints, duration of morning stiffness, erythrocyte sedimentation rate) can be related to the therapeutic value of second‐line agents. Whether they modify radiographic progression is under rigorous study. Newer therapies under research investigation include sulfasalazine, cyclosporin A, and combination therapy.
Assessment of protein‐energy malnutrition in children and adolescents with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Henderson Carol J. , Lovell Daniel J.
Published: February 2007

The incidence of protein‐energy malnutrition (PEM) in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) patients referred to a dietitian was compared with PEM in a nonreferred JRA population. One pediatric dietitian evaluated all 28 patients using a standardized, 11‐parameter comprehensive nutritional assessment profile. Thirty‐six percent (10) were found to have PEM (≥6 of 11 parameters abnormal as defined for this study), 36% (10) had no abnormal parameters, and 28% (8) had one‐five abnormal parameters. Seventy percent (7 of 10) of the patients referred to a dietitian had PEM: 17% (3 of 18) of the nonreferred JRA patients had PEM. PEM was found in all onset types of JRA. In the ten patients with PEM, 80% had weight <5th percentile, 30% had heights <5th percentile, 50% had subnormal visceral proteins, 90% had subnormal somatic proteins, and none showed depletion of subcutaneous fat reserves. The high prevalence of PEM supports the need for greater involvement of pediatric dietitians in the evaluation and treatment of JRA patients.
Coping with arthritis pain. A review of the literature
Authors: Buckelew Susan P. , Parker Jerry C.
Published: February 2007

Pain associated with arthritis is the primary reason patients with arthritis seek medical attention. The complex and multidimensional nature of pain among arthritis patients is examined. Self‐reports of pain, the impact of pain, cognitive factors associated with pain, and the treatment of arthritis pain are reviewed. Psychosocial pain management programs emphasizing improved coping appear to be important as an adjunct to medical treatment. Implications for future research are discussed.
Biomechanical analysis of selected principles of hip joint protection
Authors: Neumann Donald A.
Published: February 2007

This review article discusses the role of the hip abductor muscles in the generation of forces at the hip joint. The biomechanical rationale behind selected clinical principles of hip joint protection for the patient with hip osteoarthritis is discussed. These principles are based primarily on the benefit of reducing the magnitude of hip abductor muscle forces during walking. The specific hip joint protection principles that are analyzed are loss of body weight, walking with an antalgic limp, the use of a cane, proper methods of load carriage, and the reasons for certain orthopedic surgeries. The reduction of these myogenic hip joint forces for the patient with a painful hip and/or hip with arthritis should be considered an important component of the clinical management of the hip.
Aberrant differentiation of the axially condensed tail bud mesenchyme in human embryos with lumbosacral myeloschisis
Authors: Saitsu Hirotomo , Yamada Shigehito , Uwabe Chigako , Ishibashi Makoto , Shiota Kohei
Published: February 2007

Development of the posterior neural tube (PNT) in human embryos is a complicated process that involves both primary and secondary neurulation. Recently, we histologically examined 20 human embryos around the stage of posterior neuropore closure and found that the axially condensed mesenchyme (AM) intervened between the neural plate/tube and the notochord in the junctional region of the primary and secondary neural tubes. The AM appeared to be incorporated into the most ventral part of the primary neural tube, and no cavity was observed in the AM. In this study, we report three cases of human embryos with myeloschisis in which the open primary neural tube and the closed secondary neural tube overlap dorsoventrally. In all three cases, part of the closed neural tube was located ventrally to the open neural tube in the lumbosacral region. The open and closed neural tubes appeared to be part of the primary and the AM‐derived secondary neural tubes, respectively. Thus, these findings suggest that, in those embryos with myeloschisis, the AM may not be incorporated into the ventral part of the primary neural tube but aberrantly differentiate into the secondary neural tube containing cavities, leading to dorsoventral overlapping of the primary and secondary neural tubes. The aberrant differentiation of the AM in embryos with lumbosacral myeloschisis suggests that the AM plays some roles in normal as well as abnormal development of the human posterior neural tube. Anat Rec, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three‐dimensional procrustes analysis of modern human craniofacial form
Authors: Badawi‐Fayad Jackie , Cabanis Emmanuel‐Alain
Published: February 2007

The objective of this study was to analyze modern human craniofacial form using 3D Procrustes superimposition in order to establish a reference model and validate it on computed tomography (CT). The sample consists of 136 specimens from five modern human regional groups. Thirty‐three craniofacial landmark coordinates have been recorded using a Microscribe and calculated on CT scans for five crania from the sample. Procrustes superimposition has been performed to calculate the mean shape, and a discriminant analysis has also been carried out to estimate the variability of shape. The results show that the repeatability of measurements made on CT and on Microscribe is excellent (R = 0.99). There is no major distinctiveness in the craniofacial shape; however, discriminant function 1 separates out the European crania from the others, especially African and American. It includes the width and the length of the face, the flatness of the upper face, the prognathism of the maxilla, as well as the length and the inclination of the palate. The width of the maxilla and the palate do not show a great variability. This may be the common invariant feature responsible for the alignment of the teeth in all specimens. It may correspond to functional patterns related to masticatory constraints manifested by the important interproximal and occlusal dental wear in all specimens. This study confirms the high accuracy of measurements made on CT scan and the importance of geometric morphometrics, which provides an accurate characterization of the overall craniofacial shape and its variation within the entire population. Anat Rec 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structure and chemical organization of the accessory olfactory bulb in the goat
Authors: Mogi Kazutaka , Sakurai Katsuyasu , Ichimaru Toru , Ohkura Satoshi , Mori Yuji , Okamura Hiroaki
Published: February 2007

The structure and chemical composition of the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) were examined in male and female goats. Sections were subjected to either Nissl staining, Klüver‐Barrera staining, lectin histochemistry, or immunohistochemistry for nitric oxide synthase (NOS), neuropeptide Y (NPY), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine β‐hydroxylase (DBH), and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). The goat AOB was divided into four layers: the vomeronasal nerve layer (VNL), glomerular layer (GL), mitral/tufted (M/T) cell layer (MTL), and granule cell layer (GRL). Quantitative and morphometric analyses indicated that a single AOB contained 5,000–8,000 putative M/T cells with no sex differences, whereas the AOB was slightly larger in males. Of the 21 lectins examined, 7 specifically bound to the VNL and GL, and 1 bound not only to the VNL, but also to the MTL and GRL. In either of these cases, no heterogeneity of lectin staining was observed in the rostrocaudal direction. NOS‐, TH‐, DBH‐, and GAD‐immunoreactivity (ir) were observed in the MTL and GRL, whereas NPY‐ir was present only in the GRL. In the GL, periglomerular cells with GAD‐ir were found in abundance, and a subset of periglomerular cells containing TH‐ir was also found. Double‐labeling immunohistochemistry revealed that virtually all periglomerular cells containing TH‐ir were colocalized with GAD‐ir. Anat Rec, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The American Rheumatism Association‐its origins, development and maturity
Authors: Stecher Robert M.
Published: February 2007

An interesting and accurate history of the American Rheumatism Association has been prepared or the first time by one of its former Presidents who also has served as President of the Ligue Internationale Contre Le Rhumatisme. The author has personal knowledge of the important milestones in the development of the organization and has painstakingly collected significant documents and memorabilia. Chronologic events and personalities relating to the conception, growth, activities and affiliations of the Association are described.

Un interessante e accurate historia del Association American Contra le Rheumatismo—le prime tal—preparate per un del ex‐presidentes del association qui etiam serviva como presidente del Liga International Contra le Rheumatismo. Le autor es personalmente familiar con le importante etappes in le disveloppamento del organisation e ha meticulosemente colligite documentos e memorabilia de signification. Es describite chronologicamente le evenimentos e personalitates associate con le inception, crescentia, activitates, e affiliationes de nostre organisation.
Rehabilitation of the Rheumatoid cripple: A five year study
Authors: Lowman Edward W.
Published: February 2007

A follow‐up report of the results of intensive rehabilitation procedures applied to selected patients with advanced rheumatoid arthritis over a five year period stresses the fact that the problem is complex but not insoluble. The multiple factors relating to the cause and amelioration of rheumatoid disability are cited.

Iste reporto del resultatos de un intense programma de rehabilitation usate con un gruppo seligite de patientes con avantiate arthritis rheumatoide durante un periodo de cinque annos sublinea le facto que le problema es complexe sed non irresolubile. Le multiple factores relationate al causa e al amelioration de invaliditate rheumatoide es citate.
Natural history of degenerative joint disease in small laboratory animals. 5. Osteoarthritis in guinea pigs
Authors: Silverstein Emanuel , Sokoloff Leon
Published: February 2007

The naturally occurring osteoarthritis of guinea pigs is described. Osteophyte formation was observed both in the presence and absence of erosion of the articular cortex. Weight bearing was not considered the sole cause of the degenerative changes observed in guinea pig joints.

Es describite le occurrentia natural de osteoarthritis in porcos de India. Formationes osteophytic esseva observate in le presentia e in le absentia de erosion del cortice articular. Le carga del peso supportate non esseva considerate como le causa unic del alterationes degeneratori observate in articulationes de porcos de India.
Further experiences with Δ1, 9 alpha fluoro, 16 alpha hydroxyhydrocortisone (triamcinolone) in treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Freyberg R. H. , Berntsen Carl A. , Hellman Leon
Published: February 2007

Cumulative observations concerning the use of triamcinolone in 74 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and in 15 with related rheumatic syndromes are reported. Anti‐inflammatory properties of this steroid were confirmed. Although disturbances in electrolyte metabolism were not observed, the usual undesirable effects resulting from the administration of glucocorticoids were noted.

Es reportate observationes cumulative in re le uso de triamcinolona in 74 patientes con arthritis rheumatoide e in 15 patientes con syndromes rheumatic affin. Le qualitate anti‐inflammatori de iste steroide esseva confirmate. Ben que disturbationes in le metabolismo electrolytic non esseva observate, le usual effectos adverse que resulta del administration de glucocorticoides esseva observate.
Clinical studies of seven patients with rheumatoid arthritis and uniquely large amounts of rheumatoid factor
Authors: Franklin E. C. , Kunkel H. G. , Ward J. R.
Published: February 2007

Large amounts of the rheumatoid factor were found in the serum of patients with far advanced, active rheumatoid disease, many of whom had “Felty's syndrome,” and all of whom had subcutaneous nodules. A large part of the associated elevated gamma globulin was due to the abnormal 22 S rather than the 7 S component found in other diseases. Whether this 22 S component is but another manifestation of the disease or plays an active role in pathogenesis of various complications is not known at present.
Observations concerning the reactivity of normal and rheumatoid gamma globulins in rheumatoid serologic reactions
Authors: Mannik Mart , Brine Katherine L. , Clark William S.
Published: February 2007

Samples of gamma globulin (F II) derived from sera of rheumatoid and non‐rheumatoid subjects behaved in a similar fashion either as a sensitizing agent or inhibitor in five separate tests for rheumatoid factor. Rheumatoid agglutinator and its gamma globulin reactant, or a precursor thereof, were found to coexist in all rheumatoid patients studied. The previous observation that gamma globulin has increased affinity for rheumatoid factor after heating to 63d̀ C. for 10 minutes was confirmed.
Rheumatoid arthritis and Still's disease in children a survey of 161 cases
Authors: Edström Gunnar
Published: February 2007

This review of the clinical characteristics and prognoses of 161 patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis observed during a 20 year period indicates low incidence of severe systemic involvement and a more favorable prognosis for the disease, in general, than is usually assumed. Conservative therapy, with emphasis on bed rest, was found satisfactory although hormone therapy apparently improved the prognosis of patients with visceral lesions.
Report of a three‐year study on the systemic and articular indexes in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Lansbury John
Published: February 2007

The author's methods of systemic and articular indexes have been an important advance in the field of evaluating disease activity and response to therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The present paper summarizes his experience with these methods and his present views on this controversial subject.
The microscopic structure of normal human synovial tissue
Authors: Castor C. William
Published: February 2007

Microscopic study of normal synovial tissue from 16 humans of varying age disclosed an architectural pattern which did not vary significantly with age, sex or intra‐articular location. Except for fibrous synovium, the tissue samples were similar in vascularity, number of surface cell layers and in the differential composition of the surface cells. Histochemical procedures delineated a pericellular surface reticulin network but failed to establish the locus of hyaluronic acid synthesis.
The absorption of serum albumin and gamma globulin from the knee joint of man and rabbit
Authors: Rodnan Gerald P. , Maclachlan Margaret J.
Published: February 2007

Studies of the rate of clearance of radioactivity from the knee joints of human subjects free of joint disease and of normal rabbits following the intra‐articular injection of I131‐serum proteins indicate that the synovial cavity is readily and equally permeable to both serum albumin and gamma globulin.
Recurrent attacks in Reiter's disease
Authors: Csonka G. W.
Published: February 2007

Recurrent attacks play an important part in the course of Reiter's disease, but little is known of their incidence. The average risk of a recurrence is estimated in this long‐term prospective study. Recurrences occurred in over half of the patients. The risk of a first recurrence remained fairly uniform and substantial throughout the observation period. The incidence of urethral infections during the period following the initial attack and especially its relationship to recurrent attacks of Reiter's disease have also been investigated.
Large cysts in lower leg originating in the knee occurring in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Harvey J. Paul , Corcos Josue
Published: February 2007

Four patients are presented with rheumatoid arthritis who have had long term steroid therapy with unusual cysts in the posterior aspect of the lower portion of the leg connected with the joint cavity. The diagnosis may be confused with thrombophlebitis of the leg veins. Arthrograms clarify the diagnosis. The mechanism formation of these cysts is unclear, but may be due partly to weakening of the connective tissue by prolonged steroid therapy. The cysts disappear and recur with remission and exacerbation of the rheumatoid process. Surgical excision of the cysts relieves the discomfort but recurrence is frequent.
Cervical vertebral erosions and subluxations in rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Martel William , Page Jesse W.
Published: February 2007

Atlanto‐axial and lower cervical subluxations are frequently present in rhematoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. Vertebral erosions, particularly of the odontoid process, can often be demonstrated. Rheumatoid involvement of the occipito‐atlanto‐axial joints may cause a vertical translation of the cervical spine with respect to the skull; at times, this is associated with true basilar invagination.
A Gallery of Gout: Being a Miscellany of Prints and Caricatures from the 16th Century to the Present Day
Authors: Rodnan Gerald P.
Published: February 2007

The prominence of the gout in the annals of medical art and pictorial satire may be looked upon as an interesting by‐product of the centuries old association of the disease with overindulgence in food and drink, in venery, and the “like exhausting passions” of a life of unregulated, oft ill‐gotten luxury.
Transfusion studies in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Harris Jean , Vaughan John H.
Published: February 2007

A series of transfusion studies has been performed, in which either plasma or plasma together with peripheral leukocytes has been transfused from patients with rheumatoid arthritis into non‐rheu‐matoid recipients. The donors of the plasma and leukocytes all had very high levels of rheumatoid agglutinating activity. There was no indication in these studies that transfusion of the rheumatoid factor complex has had ability to produce disease in the recipients; at least under the conditions of these experiments. In a two to three year follow‐up after these transfusions, there was still no evidence of development of disease in the recipients.
Studies of alcaptonuria : Mechanisms of swelling of homogentisic acid‐collagen preparations
Authors: Milch Robert Austin , Murray Richard A.
Published: February 2007

The effects of solutions of homogentisic acid and its analogues on hide powder collagen preparations have been studied by a volumetric technique. The data indicate that unoxidized homogentisic acid (HGA) reacts reversibly with collagen by pH‐dependent electrovalent forces. Autoxidized, polymerized homogentisic acid solutions (HGA‐OP), on the other hand, form irreversible linkages to collagen which are quite independent of pH. These are primarily of the coordinate, nonionic type and result in crosslinking of adjacent collagen polypeptide chains with increased stability of the collagen lattice (tannage).
Some psychosocial factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Mueller Alfred D. , Lefkovits Aaron M. , Bryant John E. , Marshall Max L.
Published: February 2007

Reaction to stress and stress tolerance resulting from diverse social and economic factors are evaluated by means of various psychologic tests in a group of rheumatoid arthritis and in a control group of nonrheumatoid arthritis patients. The arthritics show a greater incidence of psychophysiologic reaction than the controls. They show greater evidence of contained hostility, presumably because they are unable or unwilling to express feelings of dissatisfaction toward many stressful aspects of their environment. They are also unable to admit to themselves and to others their negative feelings toward their lot in life.
The kidney in rheumatoid arthritis: Studies by renal biopsy
Authors: Pollak Victor E. , Pirani Conrad L. , Steck Irving E. , Kark Robert M.
Published: February 2007

Renal biospsies and renal function tests were done on 41 rheumatoid arthritis patients. Histologically, vascular disease was found in 14, amyloidosis in 4, and lupus nephritis in 2. The kidney was' normal in 21. “Rheumatoid” glomerulitis was not found in any biopsy, but occurred in 6 of 16 autopsies. The significance of these results is discussed with particular reference to the effect of gold salts on the kidney and the interrelationships of cortisone treatment and amyloidosis.
A critical evaluation of the diagnostic features of the feet in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Calabro John J.
Published: February 2007

The clinical and x‐ray manifestations of rheumatoid feet are presented in the hope of shedding light in an often neglected area. A typical patient presentation, accompanied by schematic, photographic, and radiographic illustrations, leads to a discussion of the many and varied rheumatoid foot features in the light of other causes and the possible mechanisms responsible for these changes. Stressed is the concept that no single feature renders a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, but the presence of several features together may assist in the differential diagnosis of arthritis.
The visceral manifestations of scleroderma
Authors: Sackner Marvin A.
Published: February 2007

Until the latter part of the nineteenth century, scleroderma was considered solely a cutaneous disease. The recognition that proliferation of connective tissue in the viscera was analogous to the skin lesions prompted the name, “progressive systemic sclerosis.” Recent evidence indicates that Raynauds phenomenon, which is frequently associated with scleroderma, is also expressed in the viscera as vasconstriction, particularly in renal and pulmonary arterioles.
An experimental model of calcareous subdeltoid bursitis induced by calciphylaxis
Authors: Selye Hans , Gentile Giovanni , Veilleux René
Published: February 2007

A calcareous subdeltoid bursitis can be regularly produced in the rat through calciphylactic challenge by Thorotrast after sensitization with dihydrotachysterol (DHT). This form of calciphylaxis is described merely as an experimental model of the disease without implying that a calciphylactic mechanism is necessarily responsible for structurally comparable lesions in man.
Trace metal composition of synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Niedermeier William , Creitz Ellis E. , Holley Howard L.
Published: February 2007

Synovial fluid and blood serum from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and from subjects free of symptoms of connective tissue disease were analyzed by emission spectrography. Synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis contained increased concentrations of copper, iron and aluminum. Blood serum from these patients contained increased concentrations of copper and rubidium and decreased concentrations of iron, aluminum and chromium.
Hydroxychloroquine sulfate (“Plaquenil”) in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Hamilton E. B. D. , Scott J. T.
Published: February 2007

A controlled therapeutic trial in 41 patients comparing hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) and a placebo tablet showed a small but statistically significant difference in favor of hydroxychloroquine with regard to the number of analgesic tablets which the patients found it necessary to take in addition to the drug. Less significant differences, but still in favor of hydroxychloroquine, were found with various other methods of assessment. No serious toxic effects were encountered.
The genetics of degenerative joint disease in mice
Authors: Sokoloff Leon , Crittenden Lyman B. , Yamamoto Richard S. , Jay George E.
Published: February 2007

Osteoarthritis of the knees in mice is a genetically governed disease in which multiple genes are involved. They have an overall recessive behavior without major sex linkage. Genetic dissociation between the joint disease, obesity and plasma lipids is demonstrated.
Studies on ochronosis. II. Studies on benzoquinoneacetic acid, a probable intermediate in the connective tissue pigmentation of alcaptonuria
Authors: Zannoni Vincent G. , Malawista Stephen E. , La Du Bert N.
Published: February 2007

Benzoquinoneacetic acid, the quinone of homogentisic acid, given intraperitoneally to guinea pigs is distributed mainly into skin and cartilage, as found previously with homogentisic acid. In contrast to homogentisic acid, benzoquinoneacetic acid reacts chemically with proteins and homogenates of skin and cartilage in vitro to give products which may be similar to those formed during the development of ochronotic pigmentation of the connective tissues in alcaptonuria. The physical and chemical events leading to ochronosis are discussed.
The occurrence of rheumatoid factor and other abnormalities in families of patients with agammaglobulinemia
Authors: Fudenberg Hugh , German James L. , Kunkel Henry G.
Published: February 2007

The incidence of rheumatoid agglutinating activity (RAA) in parents and siblings of patients with acquired agammsglobulinemia was found to be considerably higher than the incidence of RAA in the normal population. Elevated γ‐globulin levels were also occasionally present, as well as alterations in the β2A and β2M proteins in such relatives. Laboratory findings suggestive of lupus erythematosus were observed in two instances. The high incidence of serum γ‐globulin abnormalities in relatives of patients with idiopathic “acquired” agammaglobulinemia suggests that this is a genetically determined disorder.
Synovial fluid lipids in normal individuals and patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Bole Giles G. , Peltier Dorothy F.
Published: February 2007

Normal human synovial fluid contains trace amounts of phospholipids and cholesterol. Phospholipid composition is similar to that in serum. Rheumatoid synovial fluid contains increased amounts of phospholipid, cholesterol, and neutral lipids. In most cases the concentration is 40 to 60 per cent of that found in simultaneously collected serum specimens. A direct relationship appears to exist between total synovial fluid protein and lipid concentration. No relationship could be established between lipid content in rheumatoid synovial fluid, and total cell content, hyaluronic acid, severity or duration of synovitis in the involved joint.
Anterior capsulectomy in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis of the knee joint
Authors: Mori Masuta , Ogawa Ryokei
Published: February 2007

Over a 7‐year period, capsulectomy was performed on 50 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and on 8 with miscellaneous disorders. A modified method of anterior synovectomy is described. Satisfactory functonal improvement resulted in a significant number of rheumatoid patients.
An historical approach to the nomenclature of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Parish Lawrence C.
Published: February 2007

The history of the nomenclature of rheumatoid arthritis has been traced from antiquity to the present discussion of “rheumatoid disease.” Although Guillaume de Baillou recognized rheumatism as being arthritis in 1611, Augustin Jacob Landré Beauvais was the first to describe clearly rheumatoid arthritis, calling it primary asthenic gout in 1800. Sir Alfred Baring Garrod coined the term rheumatoid arthritis in 1858. The British Ministry of Health adopted this term in 1922, and the American Rheumatism Association replaced atrophic arthritis with rheumatoid arthritis in 1941.
Fatal atlanto‐axial luxation in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Martel William , Abell Murray R.
Published: February 2007

Fatal atlanto‐axial dislocation occurred in two patients with rheumatoid arthritis and in both there were severe degenerative changes in the spinal ligaments and skeletal muscle in this area. Attention is called to the frequency of spontaneous cervical dislocations in rheumatoid patients and the advisability of obtaining routine radiographic examination of the cervical spine in patients with advanced disease.
Excretion of a tryptophan metabolite in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Spiera Harry
Published: February 2007

The excretion of 3 hydroxy anthranilic acid, a metabolite of trytophan, was studied in a group of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, the other connective tissue diseases, and hospital controls. Ten of 26 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 3 of 18 with the collagen diseases, and only 1 of 26 hospital controls excreted more than 500 μg. per 24 hours. The quantity excreted did not correlate with any other clinical or laboratory parameter studied. The cause and significance of the increased excretion are unknown.
Studies of the antibody nature of the rheumatoid factor: Reaction of the rheumatoid factor with human specific precipitates and with native human gamma globulin
Authors: Aho Kimmo , Simons Kai
Published: February 2007

The reaction of the RF with diphtheria toxoid‐human antitoxin precipitates was studied. All the RF activity from different rheumatoid sera was absorbed to the specific precipitates. This absorption was not markedly inhibited by even a large excess of added serum gamma globulin. The reaction of the RF with the specific precipitates was found to be reversible. The dissociation reaction was studied quantitatively by using I131‐labeled rheumatoid serum.
Adrenal medullary function in the connective tissue disorders
Authors: Fruehan Alice E. , Frawley Thomas F.
Published: February 2007

The 24 hour urinary excretion of norepinephrine, epinephrine, metanephrine and normetanephrine (MN), and 3‐methoxy‐4‐hydroxy mandelic acid (VMA) was measured in patients with connective tissue disorders and comparisons made with similar measurements performed on normal controls and on patients with acute and chronic illnesses of a non‐rheumatic nature. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis excreted less epinephrine than the normal control group. Patients with a variety of connective tissue diseases other than rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus had decreased amounts of MN and VMA. Patients with systemic lupus, and those with acute and chronic illnesses of a non‐rheumatic nature, had urinary measurements of catecholamines and catecholamine metabolites comparable to the normal control group.
Histologic study of synovial tissue following oral and intra‐articular administration of phenylbutazone
Authors: Gantner George , Budd John J. , Ramsey Robert H. , Zuckner Jack
Published: February 2007

Fifty‐one synovial biopsies were obtained from the knee joints of 11 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and eight patients with osteoarthritis. Biopsies were taken before and repeated 3–9 days after treatment with phenylbutazone administered orally or intra‐articularly. Histologic comparisons were made with reference to fibrin and fibrinopurulent material, appearance and thickness of synovial lining cells, edema, stromal hyalinization, inflammatory cell type and distribution, vascular alterations and other changes as noted on hematoxylin and eosin and special stained sections.
Personality patterns of rheumatoid arthritic patients
Authors: Nalven Fredric B. , O'Brien John F.
Published: February 2007

Thirty‐five female and ten male rheumatoid arthritic outpatients were administered the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Their MMPI group profile was found to resemble a classical neurotic pattern with elevations of the MMPI scales could be accounted for by the presence of rheumatoid arthritis‐associated somatic complaints contained within the items of the scales. Further analyses with regard to hostility were also undertaken.
Decreased oxidative deamination of catecholamines associated with clinical scleroderma
Authors: Brunjes Shannon , Arterberry John D. , Shankel Stewart , Johns Varner J.
Published: February 2007

Urinary catecholamines and their metabolites were determined in fourteen scleroderma patients and in twenty normals. Scleroderma patients showed significantly decreased output of free epinephrine, total norepinephrine, and vanillylmandelic acid (VMA). There was significant elevation of total normetanephrine (NM), total metanephrine (M) plus total NM, and of the ratio M + NM/VMA. Total was essentially unchanged. This suggested decreased oxidative deamination of both NM and M to form VMA, possibly reflecting inhibition of monoamine oxidase.
Reaction of human and rabbit anti‐gamma‐globulin factors with heavy and light chains of gamma globulin
Authors: Williams Ralph C.
Published: February 2007

Human and rabbit sera containing various anti‐gamma globulin factors showed primary reactivity with H chains of both human and rabbit gamma‐globulin; weak reactions with either human or rabbit L chains were encountered in some human sera from patients with high titers of rheumatoid factors and in 60 per cent of the rabbit antisera tested. Inhibition of agglutination of homologous incomplete antibody coated cells confirmed the major reactivity with human and rabbit H chains, though L chain inhibition was present with selected area.
Significance of antibody to DNA in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Casals Salvador P. , Friou George J. , Myers Lynn L.
Published: February 2007

A study was made of serum antibody to DNA and nucleoprotein in 35 patients with SLE, using immunofluorescent spot techniques. Anti DNA was confirmed by complement fixation and observation of the “shaggy” nuclear fluorescent pattern. A striking correlation was observed between presence of anti DNA and the acute phase of SLE. Anti‐nucleoprotein, the most constant finding, showed only a general correlation of titer with phase of disease. Diagnostic and pathogenetic implications are discussed.
Intermittent corticosteroid therapy of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Fisher Delbert A. , Panos Theodore C. , Melby James C.
Published: February 2007

Fifteen patients 5 to 18 1/2 years of age with definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis were treated for a mean duration of 22 months (12 to 32 months) with intermittent triamcinolone on a 7 day on, 5 day off therapy or a 3 day on, 4 day off therapy regimen. Eleven of the 15 patients showed remission or major improvement in their disease. The only complication of significance was osteoporosis. Only moderate suppression of pituitary‐adrenal function was observed.
Lupus erythematosus associated with sickle cell anemia
Authors: Wilson Francis M. , Clifford George O. , Wolf Paul L. , Borges Wayne H. , Toone Elam , Pirani Conrad L.
Published: February 2007

A case of sickle cell anemia complicated by the development of SLE With elements of the nephrotic syndrome is presented. Since the nephrotic syndrome may rarely appear with sickle cell anemia, the coincidence of these two diseases in a patient may easily be over looked. At necropsy there was definite evidence of both diseases.
Alterations in the histopathology of systemic lupus erythematosus with steroid therapy
Authors: Rosenthal Alan S. , Thomson John B.
Published: February 2007

A clinical and pathologic study of 25 autopsy cases of systemic lupus erythematosus is presented correlating clinical and histopathologic improvement following steroid therapy. The literature concerning the effects of steroids on the histopathology of SLE is reviewed. Though in this, as well as other studies, the treated patient lived longer (average of 14 months), the previously reported corresponding histologic improvement could not be demonstrated in any of the lesions.
Observations on rheumatology in the U.S.S.R.
Authors: McEwen Currier
Published: February 2007

The author, who was a member of a scientific exchange team which visited the U.S.S.R. in September and October 1962, reports his observations made during visits to rheumatologic research institutes and laboratories in Moscow, Leningrad and Kiev.
Social psychological researches into brachialgia and periarthritis
Authors: Oesterreicher W. , Van Dam G.
Published: February 2007

A comparison with a “healthy” control group has indicated psychological factors and disturbed adaptation probably contributed to the occurrence of periarthritis humeroscapularis with objective complaints. Absenteeism occurred more by periarthritis humeroscapularis; unemployment more by brachialgia. In men with periarthritis humeroscapularis, physical trauma played a role; in men with brachialgia, psychosocial factors and disturbed adaptation were more important.
Gamma globulin metabolism in rabbits immunized with autologous denatured gamma globulin
Authors: Catsoulis Evangelos A. , Rothschild Marcus A. , Oratz Murray , Franklin Edward C.
Published: February 2007

Antibodies resembling rheumatoid factor (RF) were produced in rabbits by immunization with alkali denatured autologous gamma globulin (RGG) in Freund's adjuvant. Gamma globulin metabolism was studied with I131 labeled gamma globulin in 5 such rabbits and in 4 control rabbits treated with Freund's adjuvant alone. Albumin metabolism was studied in 4 immunized rabbits and in 4 rabbits treated with adjuvant alone employing rabbit albumin I131 (RSA‐I131). The two groups differed in that only the immunized group of rabbits demonstrated rheumatoid factor like antibodies while the adjuvant treated animals lacked these antibodies. Gamma globulin levels, pool size and degradation increased in equivalent degree in both groups. Consequently the increase in gamma globulin degradation appears to be unrelated to the presence of this antibody and probably reflects the increase in gamma globulin pool size. Albumin degradation was not significantly affected.
Steroid therapy of systemic lupus erythematosus based on immunologic considerations
Authors: Lange Kurt , Ores Richard , Strauss Walter , Wachstein† Max
Published: February 2007

Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus were treated continuously with large doses of glucocorticoids until the immunologic abnormalities had returned to normal, irrespective of prior relief from subjective complaints. Thereafter, prolonged intermittent steroid therapy with large doses was used, guided by immunologic data and continued for at least two years. With this therapy immunosuppression was maintained and the disease controlled. Side‐effects were minimal. Loss of renal function markedly improved under this therapy even in advanced cases.
Effect of some anabolic and antianabolic agents on the mineral component of osseous tissue
Authors: Tesárek Bretislav , Prokopová‐Roubalová Drahomíra
Published: February 2007

The antianabolic action of corticosteroids on rat osseous tissue can be intensified by simultaneous fixation of the extremity. By administration of Superanabolon (19‐nor testosteronephenyl‐propionate) a partial improvement can be achieved which is manifested by an increase of the weight and ash content of the bone, as compared with the controls.
The significance of antinuclear factors in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Condemi John J. , Barnett Eugene V. , Atwater Edward C. , Jacox Ralph F. , Mongan Edward S. , Vaughan Recipientjohn H.
Published: February 2007

Sixty‐eight patients with definite or classic rheumatoid arthritis were studied to determine the significance of the presence of antinuclear factors. The patients with positive antinuclear factor determinations were those with more severe disease. These patients almost always had subcutaneous nodules, which were not always associated with a high latex titer for rheumatoid factor. Necrotizing vasculitis occurred in both antinuclear factor positive and negative patients. Our data do not support the notion that a positive antinuclear factor test or a positive L.E. cell test should be used to exclude the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis.
Relation of intracytoplasmic inclusions in joint fluid leukocytes to anti‐γG globulins
Authors: Vaughan John H. , Jacox Ralph F. , Noell Phyllis
Published: February 2007

Anti γ globulin activities have been demonstrated by fluorescent staining in the inclusions of leukocytes of patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. Other patients lacked such inclusions. The strong relationships in rheumatoid arthritis between staining for γ globulins and the seropositive state, and between presence of inclusions and lowered joint fluid complement activity, have been conformed. The mean levels of γA and γ globulins, but not of γG globulins, were higher in the joint fluids of patients with rheumatoid arthritis than in other patients.
Clinical studies on gonococcal arthritis and reiter's syndrome and measurement of gonococcal and bedsonia antibodies
Authors: Sharp John T. , Lidsky Martin D. , Riley William A.
Published: February 2007

Clinical and serologic studies on 94 patients suspected of having gonococcal arthritis or Reiter's syndrome are reported. Twenty‐eight patients had arthritis due to a Neisserian organism. Causative organisms were identified as gonococci in 19 instances. The species of the remaining 9 organisms was not identified. Seven patients exhibited the complete Reiter's syndrome. Neither clinical features nor measurement of gonococcal or Bedsonia antibodies were sufficient to establish a diagnosis in those cases that had sterile blood and synovial fluid cultures and lacked the Reiter's triad.