bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Constellation design and performance of future quantum satellite gravity missions
Authors: Zingerle P. , Gruber T. , Pail R. , Daras I.
Published: July 2024

Temporal aliasing is currently the largest error contributor to time-variable satellite gravity field models. Therefore, the evolution of sensor technologies has to be complemented by strategies to reduce temporal aliasing errors. The most straightforward way to improve temporal aliasing is through extended satellite constellations because they improve the observation geometry and increase the achievable temporal resolution. Therefore, strategies to optimize the design of larger satellite constellations are investigated in this contribution. A complete constellation modeling procedure is presented, starting from primary design variables (such as the required targeted resolutions) and concluding with concrete orbital elements for the individual satellites. In parallel, it is evaluated if improved instrument sensitivities based on quantum technologies (cold atom interferometry) can be fully exploited in the case of larger constellations. For this, future quantum satellite gravity missions adopting the gradiometry concept (similar to the GOCE mission) and the low-low satellite-to-satellite tracking concept (similar to GRACE/-FO) are simulated on optimized constellations with up to 6 satellites/pairs. The retrieval performance of a 6-pair mission in terms of the global equivalent water height RMS can be improved by a factor of roughly 3 compared to an inclined double-pair mission. 3D-gradiometry intrinsically has a better de-aliasing behavior but has extremely high accuracy requirements for the gradiometer (about 10 µEotvos) and the attitude reconstruction to be of any benefit. All simulations show that when incorporating improved sensor technologies, such as future quantum sensing instruments in extended constellations, temporal aliasing will remain the dominant error source by far, up to five orders of magnitude larger than the instrument errors. Therefore, improving sensor technologies has to go hand in hand with larger satellite constellations and improved space–time parameterization strategies to further reduce temporal aliasing effects.

Graphical Abstract
Mechanical power ratio threshold for ventilator-induced lung injury
Authors: D’Albo Rosanna , Pozzi Tommaso , Nicolardi Rosmery V. , Galizia Mauro , Catozzi Giulia , Ghidoni Valentina , Donati Beatrice , Romitti Federica , Herrmann Peter , Busana Mattia , Gattarello Simone , Collino Francesca , Sonzogni Aurelio , Camporota Luigi , Marini John J. , Moerer Onnen , Meissner Konrad , Gattinoni Luciano
Published: July 2024

Rationale

Mechanical power (MP) is a summary variable incorporating all causes of ventilator-induced-lung-injury (VILI). We expressed MP as the ratio between observed and normal expected values (MPratio).

Objective

To define a threshold value of MPratio leading to the development of VILI.

Methods

In a population of 82 healthy pigs, a threshold of MPratio for VILI, as assessed by histological variables and confirmed by using unsupervised cluster analysis was 4.5. The population was divided into two groups with MPratio above or below the threshold.

Measurements and main results

We measured physiological variables every six hours. At the end of the experiment, we measured lung weight and wet-to-dry ratio to quantify edema. Histological samples were analyzed for alveolar ruptures, inflammation, alveolar edema, atelectasis. An MPratio threshold of 4.5 was associated with worse injury, lung weight, wet-to-dry ratio and fluid balance (all p < 0.001). After 48 h, in the two MPratio clusters (above or below 4.5), respiratory system elastance, mean pulmonary artery pressure and physiological dead space differed by 32%, 36% and 22%, respectively (all p < 0.001), being worse in the high MPratio group. Also, the changes in driving pressure, lung elastance, pulmonary artery occlusion pressure, central venous pressure differed by 17%, 64%, 8%, 25%, respectively (all p < 0.001).

Limitations

The main limitation of this study is its retrospective design. In addition, the computation for the expected MP in pigs is based on arbitrary criteria. Different values of expected MP may change the absolute value of MP ratio but will not change the concept of the existence of an injury threshold.

Conclusions

The concept of MPratio is a physiological and intuitive way to quantify the risk of ventilator-induced lung injury. Our results suggest that a mechanical power ratio > 4.5 MPratio in healthy lungs subjected to 48 h of mechanical ventilation appears to be a threshold for the development of ventilator-induced lung injury, as indicated by the convergence of histological, physiological, and anatomical alterations. In humans and in lungs that are already injured, this threshold is likely to be different.
Multi-pose dress simulation of fully-fashioned knitted skirt based on loop structure
Authors: Cheng Bilian , Jiang Gaoming , Li Bingxian
Published: July 2024

To realize the three-dimensional structure simulation and dress simulation of the fully-fashioned knitted skirt, based on the study of the structural characteristics of the fully-fashioned knitted skirt, the mathematical model of the knitted skirt pattern, the loop geometry mathematical model and the loop mesh model were established by the method of mathematical modelling. The spatial transformation relationship of each pair of triangles in the plate model and the three-dimensional surface model was calculated by using the spatial matrix. To draw a loop on the surface model's triangular patch, spatial transformation was used to calculate the grid point positions and obtain three-dimensional coordinates of the loop-type value points. Based on C# programming language, the human body model in the database was matched with the knitted skirt surface model, and the three-dimensional graphics library Open-GL and loop drawing method were used to realize the simulation of the knitted skirt dress based on the loop structure. The simulation method was tested by the dressing effects of hip skirts and umbrella skirts with different postures. The results showed that the spatial transformation could realize the fast transformation and calculate the coordinates of the loop-type value points. The C# programming language and Open-GL technologies realized the visual simulation of the fully-fashioned knitted skirt and the multi-pose dressing simulation based on the loop structure.
Protocol for a feasibility registry-based randomised controlled trial investigating a tailored follow-up service for stroke (A-LISTS)
Authors: Cadilhac Dominique A. , Ross Andrew G. , Bagot Kathleen L. , Blennerhassett Jannette M. , Kilkenny Monique F. , Kim Joosup , Purvis Tara , Barclay Karen M. , Ellery Fiona , Morrison Julie , Cranefield Jennifer , Kleinig Timothy J. , Grimley Rohan , Jaques Katherine , Wong Dana , Murphy Lisa , Russell Grant , Nelson Mark R. , Thijs Vincent , Scott Colin , Middleton Sandy ,   the A-LISTS investigator group
Published: July 2024

Background

Stroke affects long-term physical and cognitive function; many survivors report unmet health needs, such as pain or depression. A hospital-led follow-up service designed to address ongoing health problems may avoid unplanned readmissions and improve quality of life.

Methods

This paper outlines the protocol for a registry-based, randomised controlled trial with allocation concealment of participants and outcome assessors. Based on an intention-to-treat analysis, we will evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, potential effectiveness and cost implications of a new tailored, codesigned, hospital-led follow-up service for people within 6–12 months of stroke. Participants (n = 100) from the Australian Stroke Clinical Registry who report extreme health problems on the EuroQol EQ-5D-3L survey between 90 and 180 days after stroke will be randomly assigned (1:1) to intervention (follow-up service) or control (usual care) groups. All participants will be independently assessed at baseline and 12–14-week post-randomisation. Primary outcomes for feasibility are the proportion of participants completing the trial and for intervention participants the proportion that received follow-up services. Acceptability is satisfaction of clinicians and participants involved in the intervention. Secondary outcomes include effectiveness: change in extreme health problems (EQ-5D-3L), unmet needs (Longer-term Unmet Needs questionnaire), unplanned presentations and hospital readmission, functional independence (modified Rankin Scale) and cost implications estimated from self-reported health service utilisation and productivity (e.g. workforce participation). To inform future research or implementation, the design contains a process evaluation including clinical protocol fidelity and an economic evaluation.

Discussion

The results of this study will provide improved knowledge of service design and implementation barriers and facilitators and associated costs and resource implications to inform a future fully powered effectiveness trial of the intervention.

Trial registration

ACTRN12622001015730pr.

Trial sponsor

Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, 245 Burgundy Street, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, PH: +61 3 9035 7032
Non-choice vs. Free-choice: when and how Cydnoseius negevi (Swirski and Amitai) female attack its prey?
Authors: Ramadan Mahmoud M. , Zidan Islam M. , Barghout Marwa E.
Published: July 2024

Background

Cydnoseius negevi (Swirski and Amitai) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) is a promising bio-agent in the Mediterranean region. It attacks a wide range of pest species. Two fundamental questions have been raised when C. negevi was a promising candidate for biological control applications in a hydroponic system. This study was carried out to answer the raised questions: (1) how long a predatory female takes to attack its prey in a non-choice biological control application? and (2) what do the predatory females prefer when offered a multiple choice (free-choice) of pest preys?, to understand the potentialities of C. negevi attacking behaviour.

Results

Two sets of experiments were conducted for 240 min under laboratory conditions of 27 ± 2 °C, 60 ± 5% RH, and 18:6h L:D photoperiod. The tested prey species were Tetranychus urticae Koch, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), Parlatoria ziziphi (Lucas), and Icerya aegyptiaca (Douglas). Non-choice experiments tested the time (min) needed to the 24 h starved female to attack its prey. The free-choice experiments tested the female’ choices and the time recorded for each female during the full experimental time. Significant differences were recorded in both sets at confidence level of 95%. The spider mite T. urticae recorded the shortest predatory female’s response in both non- and free-choice sets. On the contrary, the insect I. aegyptiaca had the least female’s choice in both sets of experiment.

Conclusion

The present study discussed the behavioural categories of C. negevi. The female responses showed a list of priorities to the tested herbivore species. Such behavioural simulation is considerable for the future pest control applications to predict the generalist predator’s preferences among a wide range of multiple herbivore species.
Link between bacterial communities and contrasted loads in ectoparasitic monogeneans from the external mucus of two wild sparid species (Teleostei)
Authors: Revault Judith , Desdevises Yves , Magnanou Élodie
Published: July 2024

Background

While teleost fishes represent two thirds of marine vertebrates, the role of their external microbiota in relationship with their environment remains poorly studied, especially in wild populations. Hence, the interaction of their microbiota with ectoparasites is largely unknown. Microbiota can act as a protective barrier against pathogens, and/or be involved in host recognition by parasites. Thus, host-parasite associations should now be considered as a tripartite interplay where the microbiota shapes the host phenotype and its relation to parasites. Monogeneans (Platyhelminthes) are direct life cycle ectoparasites commonly found on teleost skin and gills. The role of bacterial communities within skin and gill mucus which either pre-exist monogeneans infestation or follow it remain unclear. This is investigated in this study using the association between Sparidae (Teleostei) and their specific monogenean ectoparasites of the Lamellodiscus genus. We are exploring specificity mechanisms through the characterization of the external mucus microbiota of two wild sparid species using 16s rRNA amplicon sequencing. We investigated how these bacterial communities are related to constrated Lamellodiscus monogeneans parasitic load.

Results

Our results revealed that the increase in Lamellodiscus load is linked to an increase in bacterial diversity in the skin mucus of D. annularis specimens. The date of capture of D. annularis individuals appears to influence the Lamellodiscus load. Correlations between the abundance of bacterial taxa and Lamellodiscus load were found in gill mucus of both species. Abundance of Flavobacteriaceae family was strongly correlated with the Lamellodiscus load in gill mucus of both species, as well as the potentially pathogenic bacterial genus Tenacibaculum in D. annularis gill mucus. Negative correlations were observed between Lamellodiscus load and the abundance in Vibrionaceae in gill mucus of D. annularis, and the abundance in Fusobacteria in gill mucus of P. acarne specimens, suggesting potential applications of these bacteria in mitigating parasitic infections in fish.

Conclusions

Our findings highlight the dynamic nature of fish microbiota, in particular in relation with monogeneans infestations in two wild sparid species. More generally, this study emphasizes the links between hosts, bacterial communities and parasites, spanning from the dynamics of co-infection to the potential protective role of the host’s microbiota.
Review of peer bullying in children with hearing loss
Authors: Aktan Rahmiye Nur , Uludağ Büşra , Terlemez Şengül
Published: July 2024

Peer bullying is when one or more children systematically engage in aggressive behavior towards another child whom they consider weak. Children with hearing loss face many challenges due to the limitations of their hearing. In addition to these difficulties, the problems become even worse if they are exposed to peer bullying.

Children with hearing loss may have more difficulty with social communication and interaction. This can increase the risk of being bullied by peers because bullying is often based on perception or the balance of power against differences.

Peer bullying against children with hearing loss can have serious short- and long-term consequences. In the short term, it can increase a child’s stress level, damage their self-confidence and self-esteem, and negatively impact their mental health. Problems such as depression, anxiety, and social isolation may occur in children who are exposed to peer bullying in the long term.

Therefore, it is extremely important to protect children with hearing loss against peer bullying and to carry out preventive studies. Strengthening the sense of confidence of children with hearing loss and integrating them into society is of critical importance for their healthy development.
Role of OM-85 BV in the prevention of recurrent acute tonsillitis: a retrospective study and literature review
Authors: Gomes Pedro Marques , Cabral Diogo Cunha , Barreto Joana , Gonçalves Ana Isabel , Duarte Delfim , Azevedo Paula
Published: July 2024

Background

This study aims to assess the effectiveness of OM-85 BV in treating recurrent acute tonsillitis in children and adults during the first year after treatment, as well as to identify response predictors.

Results

The study included 92 patients, and there was a significant decrease in the number of acute tonsillitis cases after OM-85 BV treatment (p < 0.001). Exposure to tobacco smoke predicts non-response or partial response to treatment (OR 5.24, p = 0.005, 95% CI 1.646–16.671/OR 4.57, p = 0.014, 95% CI 1.362–15.339).

Conclusions

The study concludes that OM-85 BV is effective in preventing new episodes of tonsillitis in patients with a history of recurrent acute tonsillitis. Patients exposed to tobacco smoke tend to have a poorer response to treatment.
The prevalence of facial canal dehiscence: first cross-sectional study in Iraq
Authors: Alkhalil Abdullah Rabeea , Mustafa Luqman Ababaker
Published: July 2024

Background

The facial nerve is considered a crucial structure and is vulnerable to injury during middle ear and mastoid surgery. The facial canal could be dehiscent in certain populations; therefore, identifying it and avoiding injury to the nerve is an important step during otological surgeries. In this study, we assessed the rate of facial canal dehiscence (FCD) among patients undergoing surgery due to the presence of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM).

Methods

A cross-sectional study was performed between June 2019 and May 2023. We included 102 patients (aged 8–70 years), admitted for primary tympanomastoid exploration due to the presence of CSOM with and without cholesteatoma at Azadi Teaching Hospital in Duhok/Iraq. Cases with a history of trauma or craniofacial abnormalities were excluded from the study. Also, none of the selected patients complained of facial nerve disorders.

Results

Among the 102 patients who were admitted, 11.76% (n = 12) had FCD; they were between the ages of 11 and 58 (average: 30.9) years (18.8% ≤ 18 years vs. 10.5% > 18 years, p = 0.396). The dehiscence was more common in males than females (14.3% vs. 10.0%, p = 0.545) and was also more common on the left side than the right side (13.8% vs. 9.1%, p = 0.547). Of those with the dehiscent facial nerve, 83% (n = 10) had the dehiscence on the tympanic segment. The dehiscence was statistically more common in patients with cholesteatoma than those without (25.9% vs. 6.7%, p = 0.014).

Conclusion

Dehiscence in the facial nerve can be encountered in patients with CSOM, particularly those with cholesteatoma. In such patients, the dehiscence is most commonly found on the tympanic segment of the facial nerve, so care should be taken during surgery for such cases to avoid injury of the nerve.
Cognitive assessment in multiple sclerosis patients: electrophysiological and subjective studies
Authors: Elsayed Abeer , Kotait Mona , Ragab Salma , Gabr Takwa
Published: July 2024

Background

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a persistent inflammatory condition affecting the central nervous system, often associated with cognitive impairment. This impairment frequently presents itself as deficiencies in short-term memory, attention, and information processing speed. This research was designed to investigate P300 in patients with MS and its correlation with their cognitive function and their state of fatigue and depression. This work included two groups: the control group (20 subjects) and the study group (30 MS patients). Evaluation encompassed clinical history, audiological assessment, the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), the fatigue severity scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, Addenbrooke’s cognitive examination, and P300 component of event-related potentials (ERPs).

Results

The study group exhibited varying degrees of fatigue and depression. The scores of Addenbrooke’s cognitive evaluation were reduced in the MS group. The MS group exhibited a considerably prolonged P300 latency compared to the control group.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the effectiveness of P300 in assessing cognitive function in persons diagnosed with MS.
Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in adults—a single-center experience
Authors: Chong-hui Jiang , Ying-ying Su , Wen-ding Fan , Zhi-xin Wu , Yi Su , Qiao Chen , Shao-Juan Huang , Ping Chen
Published: July 2024

Background

The survival benefit of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) in adult patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the efficiency and potential prognostic factors of VV-ECMO for severe ARDS in adults by evaluating our institutional experience and results.

Materials and methods

This research studied ARDS patients receiving VV-ECMO between June 2011 and May 2023. The inclusion criteria were PaO2/FiO2 < 100 mmHg at FiO2 of 1.0. Retrospective data was analyzed to identify factors associated with successful ECMO weaning and hospital discharge survival.

Results

A total of 18 patients were included in this study, with 7 cases (38.9%) successfully weaned from ECMO and 5 cases (27.8%) surviving hospital discharge. The overall complication rate was 77.8%. After treatment with VV ECMO, there were statistically significant improvements in both PaO2 and PaCO2 (P < 0.05). Patients in the successful weaning group had a lower pTB value, less accumulative volume of sodium bicarbonate during ECMO, and lower accumulative volume of intravenous immunoglobulin in the hospital compared to the unsuccessful weaning group (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, compared to the non-survivors, the survivors had less severe acidosis, higher mean arterial pressure before ECMO, a lower level of pCr, and a lower pTB value during ECMO (all P < 0.05).

Conclusion

ECMO can effectively promote oxygenation and carbon dioxide (CO2) removal in patients with severe ARDS. Early initiation of ECMO with appropriate management could benefit in reducing comorbidities and mortality.
Improving Access to Patient-Focused, Decentralized Clinical Trials Requires Streamlined Regulatory Requirements: An ASCO Research Statement
Authors: Thota Ramya , Hurley Patricia A. , Miller Therica M. , Bruinooge Suanna S. , Lipset Craig , Harvey R. Donald , Black Lora J. , Dinsdale Amanda , Merrill Janette K. , Pollastro Teri , Prindiville Sheila A. , Rizvi Mujahid A. , Sherwood Shimere , Nowakowski Grzegorz S.
Published: July 2024

Strategies to bring clinical trials closer to patients gained momentum during the COVID-19 pandemic, enabling more participants to receive treatment and/or testing in their local communities. Incorporation of decentralized trial elements presents both opportunities and challenges, spanning regulatory, technical, and operational aspects. This ASCO research statement includes timely consensus-driven recommendations and a call for engagement of all research stakeholders. ASCO held multistakeholder meetings with leaders in oncology research and concluded that research-related regulatory and administrative requirements and burdens present critical barriers to decentralizing trials. One example is sponsor and contract research organization (CRO) use of US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)'s Statement of Investigator (Form 1572), which was found to exceed FDA's stated intent and used in conservative ways disproportionate to potential risks to participants and scientific integrity. As a result, research sites experience an avalanche of downstream administrative and regulatory activities that consume considerable resources. This statement recommends four key solutions to address such barriers and recalibrate regulatory and administrative expectations for decentralizing trials: (1) FDA should engage the research community in a public-private partnership to modernize standards and enable local access to trials; (2) sponsors and CROs should develop standards and protocols that accommodate flexible approaches, enable local participation, provide clarity around roles and requirements, and promote consistency; (3) research centers, networks, and sites should update policies and procedures to implement decentralized trial elements; and (4) research community should develop a streamlined, uniform mechanism to simplify regulatory data collection and documentation and use it consistently across trials. We can and must prioritize a concerted commitment to simplify and streamline regulatory requirements and practices to broaden access to and participation in cancer clinical trials.
Gut-Microbiota-Related Metabolite Phenylacetylglutamine and Risk of Incident Coronary Heart Disease Among Women
Authors: Heianza Yoriko , Tiwari Saumya , Wang Xuan , Watrous Jeramie D , Rexrode Kathryn M , Hu Frank B , Alotaibi Mona , Jain Mohit , Sun Qi , Manson JoAnn E , Qi Lu
Published: July 2024

Context

Phenylacetylglutamine (PAGln) is a novel metabolite derived from gut microbial metabolism of dietary proteins, specifically phenylalanine, which may be linked to risks of adverse cardiovascular events.

Objective

We investigated whether higher plasma levels of PAGln were associated with a greater risk of incident coronary heart disease (CHD) and tested whether adherence to a plant-based diet, which characterizes habitual dietary patterns of animal and plant food intake, modified the associations.

Methods

We examined associations between plasma PAGln and risk of incident CHD over 11 to 16 years in a nested case-control study of 1520 women (760 incident cases and 760 controls) from the Nurses’ Health Study. Separately, we analyzed relations between PAGln and dietary intakes measured through dietary records in the Women's Lifestyle Validation Study (n = 725).

Results

Higher PAGln levels were related to a greater risk of CHD (P < .05 for dose-response relationship). Higher PAGln was associated with greater red/processed meat intake and lower vegetable intake (P < .05 for all). We found a significant interaction between PAGln and adherence to plant-based diet index (PDI) on CHD (Pinteraction = .008); higher PAGln levels were associated with an increased risk of CHD (relative risk per 1 SD: 1.22 [95% CI: 1.05, 1.41]) among women with low PDI but not among those with high PDI.

Conclusion

Higher PAGln was associated with higher risk of CHD, particularly in women with dietary patterns of eating more animal foods and fewer plant-based foods. Adherence to plant-based diets might attenuate unfavorable associations between a novel microbial metabolite and CHD risk.
Effectiveness of Different Treatment Modalities in Initial and Chronic Phases of Thyroid Eye Disease: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis
Authors: Alves Junior Jose Mario , Bernardo Wanderley , Villagelin Danilo
Published: July 2024

Background

Thyroid eye disease (TED), a common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves disease, poses significant management challenges due to potential disfigurement, visual impairment, and decreased quality of life. Uncertainties remain about the optimal treatment approach, especially regarding TED duration and its impact on outcomes.

Objective

This meta-analysis evaluates the effects of various treatments on inflammatory markers and severity endpoints in TED, stratified by disease duration, distinguishing between treatments initiated within the first 6 months (initial phase) and those initiated thereafter (subacute/chronic phase).

Methods

Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of multiple electronic databases yielded 26 studies meeting predefined inclusion criteria. Methodological quality was assessed, and data were meticulously extracted and analyzed.

Results

In the initial phase, treatments like corticosteroids and teprotumumab showed significant improvements in clinical activity score, proptosis, and diplopia. In the subacute/chronic phase, the efficacy of methylprednisolone and teprotumumab is reduced. A “critical window” effect was observed, with treatments showing diminished efficacy after 6 months of TED duration.

Conclusion

This meta-analysis highlights the importance of tailoring treatment strategies based on TED duration, emphasizing early interventions to maximize benefits. The findings guide clinicians in selecting optimal treatments and underscore the need for further research to refine evidence-based approaches, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes and quality of life.
Defining Gestational Thyroid Dysfunction Through Modified Nonpregnancy Reference Intervals: An Individual Participant Meta-analysis
Authors: Osinga Joris A J , Nelson Scott M , Walsh John P , Ashoor Ghalia , Palomaki Glenn E , López-Bermejo Abel , Bassols Judit , Aminorroaya Ashraf , Broeren Maarten A C , Chen Liangmiao , Lu Xuemian , Brown Suzanne J , Veltri Flora , Huang Kun , Männistö Tuija , Vafeiadi Marina , Taylor Peter N , Tao Fang-Biao , Chatzi Lida , Kianpour Maryam , Suvanto Eila , Grineva Elena N , Nicolaides Kypros H , D'Alton Mary E , Poppe Kris G , Alexander Erik , Feldt-Rasmussen Ulla , Bliddal Sofie , Popova Polina V , Chaker Layal , Visser W Edward , Peeters Robin P , Derakhshan Arash , Vrijkotte Tanja G M , Pop Victor J M , Korevaar Tim I M
Published: July 2024

Background

Establishing local trimester-specific reference intervals for gestational TSH and free T4 (FT4) is often not feasible, necessitating alternative strategies. We aimed to systematically quantify the diagnostic performance of standardized modifications of center-specific nonpregnancy reference intervals as compared to trimester-specific reference intervals.

Methods

We included prospective cohorts participating in the Consortium on Thyroid and Pregnancy. After relevant exclusions, reference intervals were calculated per cohort in thyroperoxidase antibody-negative women. Modifications to the nonpregnancy reference intervals included an absolute modification (per .1 mU/L TSH or 1 pmol/L free T4), relative modification (in steps of 5%) and fixed limits (upper TSH limit between 3.0 and 4.5 mU/L and lower FT4 limit 5-15 pmol/L). We compared (sub)clinical hypothyroidism prevalence, sensitivity, and positive predictive value (PPV) of these methodologies with population-based trimester-specific reference intervals.

Results

The final study population comprised 52 496 participants in 18 cohorts. Optimal modifications of standard reference intervals to diagnose gestational overt hypothyroidism were −5% for the upper limit of TSH and +5% for the lower limit of FT4 (sensitivity, .70, CI, 0.47-0.86; PPV, 0.64, CI, 0.54-0.74). For subclinical hypothyroidism, these were −20% for the upper limit of TSH and −15% for the lower limit of FT4 (sensitivity, 0.91; CI, 0.67-0.98; PPV, 0.71, CI, 0.58-0.80). Absolute and fixed modifications yielded similar results. CIs were wide, limiting generalizability.

Conclusion

We could not identify modifications of nonpregnancy TSH and FT4 reference intervals that would enable centers to adequately approximate trimester-specific reference intervals. Future efforts should be turned toward studying the meaningfulness of trimester-specific reference intervals and risk-based decision limits.
Strengthening State Capacity: Civil Service Reform and Public Sector Performance during the Gilded Age
Authors: Aneja Abhay , Xu Guo
Published: July 2024

We use newly digitized records from the post office to study the effects of strengthened state capacity between 1875 and 1901. Exploiting the implementation of the Pendleton Act—a landmark statute that shielded bureaucrats from political interference—across US cities over two waves, we find that civil service reform reduced postal delivery errors and increased productivity. These improvements were most pronounced during election years when the reform dampened bureaucratic turnover. We provide suggestive evidence that reformed cities witnessed declining local partisan newspapers. Separating politics from administration, therefore, not only improved state effectiveness but also weakened the role of local politics. (JEL D24, D73, H83, J45, L82, L87, N41)
Current challenges in teaching healthcare-associated infections prevention and control in nursing education in Vietnam and Cambodia: a qualitative study
Authors: Tuan Truong Anh ,   PrevInf Group: Capacitating Asia's Nursing Students on Innovative and Sustainable Prevention and Control of Healthcare-associated Infections
Published: July 2024

Background: There is an insufficient understanding of factors that impede nursing students’ learning of healthcare-associated infection prevention and control in developing countries. This study aimed to explore current challenges in healthcare-associated infection control and prevention education in the nursing curriculum in two Vietnamese and two Cambodian universities. Methods: Exploratory research was conducted through consultation of education programs and a qualitative study design utilizing interviews and focus group discussions. Data collection was conducted through interviews with university board members and focus group discussions with lecturers and tutors. The data were analyzed by using content analysis methods. Results: The research results indicated that there were three generic themes of challenges in teaching HAIs-PC in nursing education in Vietnam and Cambodia. They were Implementation of healthcare associated infections prevention and control education into nursing curriculum, Positive aspects fostering healthcare associated infections prevention and control learning, Negative aspects hindering healthcare associated infections prevention and control learning. Conclusions: The study results provided evidence of challenges in healthcare associated infections prevention and control education in some Asia higher education institutions. To improve professional safety, universities should pay more attention to developing appropriate teaching methods for healthcare-associated infections prevention and control education to improve students’ practice outcomes.
Unraveling the Interplay of Autophagy Genes and KLF3/KLF8 in Colorectal Cancer Metastasis: A Bioinformatics and cellular Exploration
Authors: Mahgoub Eglal , Taneera Jalal , B. Ahmed Samrein , hafezi shirin , Venkatachalam Thenmozhi , Hachim Mahmood , Sulaiman Nabil , Hamoudi Rifat , Saber-Ayad Maha
Published: July 2024

Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a widespread malignancy globally, yet effective therapeutic approaches for advanced, metastatic, and chemo-resistant cases remain limited. In this study, we knocked out CRC cell line HCT 116 for two autophagy genes (ATG5 and ATG7), then we conducted a transcriptomic analysis on those isogenic cell lines. which revealed an upregulation of Krϋppel-like factor 3 (KLF3) expression, that was biologically validated. Methods In this study, we performed CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing on HCT 116 followed with transcriptomics analysis on HCT 116 KO cells for ATG5 and ATG7. Various bioinformatics analyses were performed to investigate the KLF3/8 with autophagy and affected functional pathways, and immune genes related to the different types. Validation of expression in different cell lines were done using qPCR and Western blot. Results To further investigate the role of autophagy genes in CRC, we utilized publicly available data and web-based tools. Our analysis showed a marked correlation between KLF3/KLF8 and the expression of autophagy genes in CRC, denoting that its upregulation is likely to be a compensatory mechanism. We also examined the co-expression of autophagy genes and KLF3/KLF8 with multiple markers of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and significant positive correlations were observed. Moreover, KLF8 expression was upregulated at the mRNA level in the metastatic cell lines LoVo and SK-CO-1, compared to HCT 116. Interestingly, KLF3/KLF8 expression was high in MSS molecular subtype of CRC as shown in HCT 116 cell line knocked in with MLH gene as well as they were negatively correlated with crucial immune-infiltrating cells such as CD8+ cells, indicating their potential as a negative biomarker for response to immunotherapy. Conclusion Our study proposes that a synergistic approach involving the inhibition of KLF8 and autophagy holds a potential therapeutic target for effectively tackling metastatic CRC cells, especially in cases characterized by deficient mismatch repair (MMR).
A guide to selecting high-performing antibodies for Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 2 (TGM2) for use in western blot, immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence
Authors: Ayoubi Riham , Fotouhi Maryam , Alende Charles , González Bolívar Sara , Southern Kathleen , Laflamme Carl ,   Neuro/SGC/EDDU collaborative group,   ABIF consortium
Published: July 2024

Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 2 (TGM2) is a Ca2+ dependent enzyme that catalyzes transglutaminase cross-linking modifications. TGM2 is involved in various diseases, either in a protective or contributory manner, making it a crucial protein to study and determine its therapeutic potential. Identifying high-performing TGM2 antibodies would facilitate these investigations. Here we have characterized seventeen TGM2 commercial antibodies for western blot and sixteen for immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence. The implemented standardized experimental protocol is based on comparing read-outs in knockout cell lines against their isogenic parental controls. This study is part of a larger, collaborative initiative seeking to address antibody reproducibility issues by characterizing commercially available antibodies for human proteins and publishing the results openly as a resource for the scientific community. While the use of antibodies and protocols vary between laboratories, we encourage readers to use this report as a guide to select the most appropriate antibodies for their specific needs.
Teacher attributes as predictors of assessment practices in public universities of Ethiopia
Authors: Yilma Million , Olango Menna , Assefa Samuel
Published: July 2024

Background Higher education teachers dwell on various classroom assessment practices. Their assessment practices play a significant part of the teaching learning process and in determining student achievement. In this respect, their different attributes determine the nature of their classroom assessment practices. This cross-sectional survey study aimed to examine differences in assessment practices among public university teachers with respect to their academic status, teaching experience, assessment training and specializations. Methods The study adopted Assessment Practices Inventory (API) which was distributed to a sample of 380 randomly selected teachers from four public universities. The majorities (93.4%) of questionnaires which were properly completed were entered to SPSS version 25 software and used for analysis. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used for analysis and Pillai’s Trace was utilized for interpretation of the results. Results The results showed that academic status (P= .000); teaching experience (P = .000); and assessment training (P =.030) had significant differences for the combined dependent variables (assessment practice). However, field of specialization (P =.130) did not show significant difference in the overall assessment practice although differences were observed in assessment design and interpretation. Conclusion Academic status, teaching experience, and assessment training are important attributes of teachers that shape their assessment practices. Therefore, as teachers hold the sole responsibility of classroom assessment, training and development courses in assessment, experience sharing and learning opportunities are necessary regardless of their specializations, academic status, and teaching experience.
Queer and Queering in the Greek Cultural Sphere: The Troubles of Cultural Translation and the Non-Linearity of Queer Historiography
Authors: Manesi Diana
Published: July 2024

Abstract: In the last couple of years, local queer theorists underline the emergence of ‘a new queer critique’ in the Greek public sphere. In this context, this article draws from ethnographic and archival material to look at the troubles of cultural translation. By providing a cross-temporal re-reading of queer and feminist archives, I argue that queer and queerness in Greece goes hand in hand with a non-linear approach to time and historiography. Non-linearity is examined as a critical method and an ethnographic/historiographical approach that significantly shifts the way narrations, stories, and histories can be recorded, documented, told, written and rewritten in Greece. The cultural translation of queer opens a critical rethinking of names, identity categories and traumas, yet it also enacts the resignification of the language used to understand strangeness and otherness.
Giovanni Drogo: The Absolute beyond the Desert
Authors: Castelli Alberto
Published: July 2024

Abstract: Giovanni Drogo is the fictional protagonist of Dino Buzzati’s most celebrated text, Il Deserto dei Tartari ( The Tartar Steppe ). From the solitude of a distant Fortress, Drogo observes the wilderness of the desert while waiting for foreign forces to arrive. However, the idea of power correlated to his position slowly becomes an insight into the hidden significance of things. The enigmatic time of his wait, the feeling of enchantment, the hypnotic force of the Fortress, are all elements associated with his final destination. Beyond the desert is the beginning of the afterlife.
Quadratic Bézier curve method for continuous freeform optical surface design
Authors: Tsai Chung-Yu , Chang Cheng-Hao
Published: July 2024

A novel approach is introduced for the design of freeform axisymmetric optical surfaces using an optimization technique based on quadratic Bézier curves. Notably, the continuity (or lack thereof) of the freeform surface produced using the proposed technique is largely unaffected by the source-target mapping function. The validity of the proposed methodology is demonstrated through its application to the design of several laser beam shapers. The results show that the proposed technique requires only a small number of structural points to converge to the optimum design solution. The freeform design method presented herein is mathematically straightforward and can be easily implemented in code. Thus, it offers significant advantages for the design and analysis of a diverse range of optical systems.
Pattern transformation and control of generalized multi-peak breathing solitons induced by transverse cross modulation
Authors: Sun Zhuoyue , Deng Duo , Yang Zhenjun
Published: July 2024

Based on the nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equation, the pattern transformation and control of transverse cross-modulated sine-Gaussian (TCMSG) breathing solitons during transmission are studied. Several expressions have been derived, including the transmission, soliton width, phase wavefront curvature, and so on. The study demonstrates that the coefficient of transverse cross modulation term controls the pattern transformation of the TCMSG breathing solitons. TCMSG breathing solitons can form generalized spatial solitons and breathers during transmission. The variation of the soliton width extrema and their change rates with the transverse cross modulation term coefficient is investigated. The influence of the initial incident power and the transverse cross modulation term coefficient on the soliton width change rate and phase wavefront curvature extrema is studied.
Gamma irradiation-induced enhancement of Pb-related near-infrared luminescence in PbS/Al co-doped silica fiber
Authors: Dong Yanhua , Fang Gui , Dong Qianni , Wen Jianxiang , Luo Yanhua , Zhang Xiaobei , Huang Yi , Wang Tingyun
Published: July 2024

The impact of Al co-doping and gamma irradiation (0.3-3 kGy) on the spectral properties of lead-related active centers (PACs) in PbS/Al co-doped silica fiber (PADF) has been studied. Distinct absorption peaks at 700 and 1030 nm, and photoluminescence at 1100 nm, originated from Al-related lead active center (PAC-Al). The luminescence intensity of PACs at 900 and 1150 nm increased with irradiation doses in PADF with 0.01 at% Al co-doping. Notably, after irradiation with a 0.5 kGy dose, over a 16 dB enhancement of luminescence from PAC-Al was observed in PADF doped with 0.1 at% Al under 980 nm pumping. The on-off gain of the PADF at 1100 nm increased ∼12 dB after irradiation with a dose of 0.3 kGy. It was found that PAC-Al was preferentially generated over PAC at 1150 nm in Al co-doped fibers under irradiation. The proposed underlying mechanism for photoluminescence enhancement is the irradiation-induced reduction of Pb ions and Al-related defects. PbS/Al co-doped silica fiber is a promising candidate for active fibers operating at ∼1100 nm.
DMD digital lithography optimization based on a hybrid genetic algorithm and improved exposure model
Authors: Huang Shengzhou , Tang Yuanzhuo , Ren Bowen , Wu Dongjie , Pan Jiani , Tian Zhaowei , Jiang Chengwei , Li Zhi , Huang Jinjin
Published: July 2024

An efficient method to optimize digital micromirror device (DMD) lithography was proposed using a hybrid genetic algorithm integrated with an improved exposure model. The improved exposure model significantly refines traditional approaches by incorporating advanced parameters not previously considered, including the cross-transfer coefficient, detailed light source functions, and impulse response functions. These enhancements provide a comprehensive assessment of the entire optical imaging system’s impact on lithography quality and more accurately simulate the interactions of light with the photoresist. The hybrid method combines the robust optimization capabilities of genetic algorithms (GA) with this sophisticated exposure model, facilitating precise micromirror configurations and optimizing light distribution for specific lithographic patterns. This integration results in substantial improvements in lithographic precision, with improvements of up to 84% for hexagonal star patterns, 83% for arrow patterns, and 85% for embedded figure patterns. These advancements enhance imaging quality, reduce optical proximity distortions, and improve overall lithography performance, offering crucial insights into the precision and efficiency improvement of microelectronics fabrication processes.
Development of single-sided structure collimation film for direct-lit collimated backlight module
Authors: Zhang Zi-Jain , Chen Bo-Ting , Lin Ding-Zheng
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we proposed an optical structure to enhance the collimation and uniformity of 405 nm LED backlight modules. The structure is called a single-sided structure collimation film (SSSCF), which consists of a lenticular lens array, slit apertures, and a highly reflective coating surface. A lenticular lens array with slit apertures converts the angle of diffusive incident light into collimated light. The high-reflective coating of the collimation film can reflect back the light that does not enter the slit aperture to the backlight module for energy recycling. Finally, we have developed a direct-lit backlight module with optimized collimation properties (FWHM = ±3.4°, gain = 2.3%, NSR = 0) and great uniformity (uniformity > 83.5%). We also demonstrated good consistency between our simulation results with optical measurement. The collimated backlight module developed in this study has great potential for future applications, including high-precision 3D printing objects, liquid crystal displays with high contrast ratio or narrow viewing angles, and telecentric illumination devices used in precision machine vision systems.