bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A multilayer ice-flow model generalising the shallow shelf approximation
Authors: Jouvet Guillaume
Published: December 2014

A new hybrid model for the dynamics of glaciers, ice sheets and ice shelves is introduced. In this ‘multilayer’ model the domain of ice consists of a pile of thin layers, which can spread out, contract and slide over each other such that the two most relevant types of stresses are accounted for: membrane and vertical shear. Assuming the horizontal velocity field to be vertically piecewise constant in each layer, the model is derived from local depth integrations of the hydrostatic approximation of the Stokes equations. These integrations give rise to interlayer tractions, which can be redefined at zeroth order in the interlayer surface slope by keeping the vertical shear stress components. Furthermore, if the layers are chosen such that they are aligned with the streamlines, then second-order accurate interlayer tractions can replace zeroth-order ones. The final model consists of a tridiagonal system of two-dimensional nonlinear elliptic equations, the size of this system being equal to the number of layers. When running the model for prognostic flowline ISMIP-HOM benchmark experiments, the multilayer solutions show good agreement with the higher-order solutions if no severe depression occurs in the bedrock. As an alternative to three-dimensional models, the multilayer approach offers to glacier and ice sheet modellers a way of upgrading the commonly used shallow shelf approximation model into a mechanically complete but mathematically two-dimensional model.
Risk of bipolar disorder and psychotic features in patients initially hospitalised with severe depression
Authors: Nakamura Kimiya , Iga Junichi , Matsumoto Naoki , Ohmori Tetsuro
Published: December 2014

Objective

Severe depression may be a risk factor for diagnostic conversion into bipolar disorder (BD), and psychotic depression (PD) has been consistently associated with BD. The aims of the present study were to investigate the stability of the diagnosis of severe depression and the differences between PD and non-psychotic severe depression (non-PD), as well as to assess the effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).

Methods

Patients who were hospitalised for severe depression (diagnosed according to ICD-10) both with and without psychotic symptoms (n=89; mean age=55.6 years, SD=13.9) from 2001 to 2010 were retrospectively assessed.

Results

By the 75th month of follow-up assessments, 11(12.4%) patients had developed BD. Among these 11 converters, nine had developed BD within 1 year after admission. Only sub-threshold hypomanic symptoms were significantly related to developing BD. The number of depressive episodes and history of physical diseases were significantly increased in non-PD compared with PD patients, whereas ECT was significantly increased in PD compared with non-PD patients. There was a significant association between length of stay at the hospital and the number of days between admission and ECT.

Conclusion

Sub-threshold hypomanic symptoms may represent a prodrome of BD or an indicator of an already manifest phenotype, especially in older patients, which suggests cautious use of antidepressants. In severe depression, non-PD may often occur secondary to physical diseases and patients may experience increased recurrences compared with PD patients, which may be a more ‘primary’ disorder and often requires ECT treatments. ECT is effective for severe depression regardless of the presence of any psychotic feature; the earlier ECT is introduced, the better the expected treatment outcome.
A New Approach to Estimating Electoral Instability in Parties
Authors: Marinova Dani M.
Published: December 2014

Recent scholarship has identified problems in the measurement of party system instability. To limit the conflation of different sources of instability in party systems (e.g., electoral shifts between stable parties and instability in parties, such as mergers, splinters or new parties), this article introduces a new indicator of electoral instability in parties, tests its robustness and construct validity and demonstrates its usefulness empirically. The indicators of party instability and the accompanying data of 27 European democracies, 1987–2011, will be valuable resources in comparative research on the interplay between elite and mass behavior, party and electoral systems, and democratic consolidation.
ON THE CONNECTEDNESS OF THE BRANCH LOCI OF NON-ORIENTABLE UNBORDERED KLEIN SURFACES OF LOW GENUS
Authors: BUJALANCE E. , ETAYO J. J. , MARTÍNEZ E. , SZEPIETOWSKI B.
Published: December 2014

This paper is devoted to determine the connectedness of the branch loci of the moduli space of non-orientable unbordered Klein surfaces. We obtain a result similar to Nielsen's in order to determine topological conjugacy of automorphisms of prime order on such surfaces. Using this result we prove that the branch locus is connected for surfaces of topological genus 4 and 5.
Construction and bacterial expression of a recombinant single-chain antibody fragment against Wuchereria bancrofti SXP-1 antigen for the diagnosis of lymphatic filariasis
Authors: Kamatchi R. , Charumathi J. , Ravishankaran R. , Kaliraj P. , Meenakshisundaram S.
Published: December 2014

Global programmes to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (GPELF) require mapping, monitoring and evaluation using filarial antigen diagnostic kits. To meet this objective, a functional single-chain fragment variable (ScFv) specific for filarial Wuchereria bancrofti SXP-1 (Wb-SXP-1) antigen was constructed for the diagnosis of active filarial infection, an alternative to the production of complete antibodies using hybridomas. The variable heavy chain (VH) and the variable light chain (kappa) (Vκ) genes were amplified from the mouse hybridoma cell line and were linked together with a flexible linker by overlap extension polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The ScFv construct (Vκ–Linker–VH) was expressed as a fusion protein with N-terminal His tag in Escherichia coli and purified using immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) without the addition of reducing agents. Immunoblotting and sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to analyse the antigen binding affinity of purified ScFv. The purified ScFv was found to recognize recombinant and native Wb-SXP-1 antigen in microfilariae (Mf)-positive patient sera. The affinity of ScFv was comparable with that of the monoclonal antibody. The development of recombinant ScFv to replace monoclonal antibody for detection of filarial antigen was achieved. The recombinant ScFv was purified, on-column refolded and its detection ability validated using field samples.
South-east Asia's forest fires: blazing the policy trail
Authors: Yong Ding Li , Peh Kelvin S.-H.
Published: December 2014

Transboundary haze pollution as a result of indiscriminate land clearance by fire has significant health and economic impacts on member states of the Association of South-east Asian Nations (ASEAN). Meanwhile the impact of the associated carbon emissions, ecological disturbance and biodiversity loss extends well beyond South-east Asia. This is despite the fact there are relatively well-established mechanisms to combat forest fires, and policy-level solutions have existed on paper for years. Although the fires are mostly in Indonesian territory, the involvement of multiple hierarchies of stakeholders in Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore adds complexity to the quest for lasting solutions. A more robust approach is required from the region's governments, especially in instilling accountability among large companies, and this is feasible without increasing political tensions within ASEAN. Indonesia's ratification of the Haze Agreement is a significant development but needs to be complemented with actions at the local (e.g. grassroot initiatives in forest protection, firefighting, policing of illegal clearance practices), national (e.g. centralizing ministry-level control of forestry resources) and regional levels (e.g. implementing compliance mechanisms and legal standards to tackle haze and forest fires). Ultimately, actions to combat forest fires may also help secure the long-term conservation of biodiversity-rich peat swamps. Rather than being a source of discord, combating haze pollution could become South-east Asia's defining environmental project.
Mixed Methods Research in Language Testing and Assessment
Authors: Jang Eunice Eunhee , Wagner Maryam , Park Gina
Published: December 2014

As an alternative paradigm, mixed methods research (MMR), in general, endorses
pluralism to understand the complex nature of a social world from multiple
perspectives and multiple methodological lenses, each of which offers partial,
yet valuable, insights. This methodological mixing is not limited to mixing of
methods, but extends to the entire inquiry process. Researchers in language
testing and assessment (LTA) are increasingly turning to MMR in order to
understand the complexities of language acquisition and interaction among
various language users, and also to expand opportunities to investigate validity
claims beyond the three traditional facets of construct, content, and criterion
validity. We use current conceptualizations of validity as a guiding framework
to review 32 empirical MMR studies that have been published in LTA since 2007.
Our systematic review encompassed multiple areas of foci, including the
rationale for the use of MMR, evidence of collaboration, and synergetic effects.
The analyses revealed several key trends including: (a) triangulation and
complementarity were the prevalent uses of MMR in LTA; (b) the majority of the
studies took place predominantly in higher education learning contexts with
adult immigrant or university populations; (c) aspects of writing assessment
were most frequently the focus of the studies (compared to other language
modalities); (d) many of the studies explicitly addressed facets of validity,
and others had significant implications for expanding notions of validity in
LTA; (e) the majority of the studies avoided mixing at the data analysis stage
by distinguishing data types and reporting results separately; and (f)
integration occurred primarily at the discussion stage. We contend that LTA
should embrace MMR through creative designs and integrative analytic strategies
to seek new insights into the complexities and contexts of language testing and
assessment.
Narrative Inquiry in Applied Linguistics Research
Authors: Benson Phil
Published: December 2014

The importance of narrative inquiry as an alternative approach to research in the humanities and social sciences has grown considerably over the past 20 years or so. Over the past decade, it has also become an established approach to research on second and foreign language learning and teaching through the publication of numerous data-based studies and several texts on narrative inquiry for applied linguistics. Focusing on studies published since 2008, this article outlines the scope of narrative research on language learning and teaching at the present time. It discusses recent innovations in data collection (the use of mixed and longitudinal methods and the use of narrative frames and multimodal data) and data analysis (focus on the discourse of narrative and the use of narrative writing). It concludes that these innovations represent a welcome trend toward methodological diversity that is strengthening the contribution of narrative inquiry to our understanding of the experience of language teaching and learning.
Editor's Introduction
Authors: Polio Charlene
Published: December 2014

Numerous people have helped shape each issue of the Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, but there is always one person who has been particularly generous in sharing his or her time and expertise. For this issue, I would like to thank Merrill Swain for her Skype calls about the issue and for, as always, her amazing breadth of knowledge. She not only knows about research in every area of applied linguistics but also, it seems, in every corner of the world. She contributed greatly to not only this, but every issue during my tenure as editor. As this is my last issue, I would like to thank the other editorial directors as well.
DES AND RES PROCESSES AND THEIR EXPLICIT SOLUTIONS
Authors: Katehakis Michael N. , Smit Laurens C. , Spieksma Floske M.
Published: December 2014

This paper defines and studies the down entrance state (DES) and the restart entrance state (RES) classes of quasi-skip free (QSF) processes specified in terms of the nonzero structure of the elements of their transition rate matrix Q. A QSF process is a Markov chain with states that can be specified by tuples of the form (m, i), where $m \in {\open Z}$ represents the “current” level of the state and $i \in {\open Z}^{+}$ the current phase of the state, and its transition probability matrix Q does not permit one-step transitions to states that are two or more levels away from the current state in one direction of the level variable m. A QSF process is a DES process if and only if one step “down” transitions from a level m can only reach a single state in level m − 1, for all m. A QSF process is a RES process if and only if one step “up” transitions from a level m can only reach a single set of states in the highest level M2, largest of all m.

We derive explicit solutions and simple truncation bounds for the steady-state probabilities of both DES and RES processes, when in addition Q insures ergodicity. DES and RES processes have applications in many areas of applied probability comprising computer science, queueing theory, inventory theory, reliability, and the theory of branching processes. To motivate their applicability we present explicit solutions for the well-known open problem of the M/Er/n queue with batch arrivals, an inventory model, and a reliability model.
New type of versatile neutron diffractometer with a double-crystal monochromator system
Authors: Mikula P. , Vrána M.
Published: December 2014

Properties of a special double-crystal (DC) monochromator employing bent-perfect crystals of Si in (1, −1) and (n, −m) settings are presented. The first monochromator was the bent Si(111) crystal (4 mm thickness) and the second one was in the form of a sandwich consisting of two bent Si(111) and Si(220) slabs (2 and 1.3 mm thickness, respectively). It has been found that by a simple exchange of diffraction conditions on the second monochromator one can use either Si(111) + Si(111) bent crystals in (1, −1) setting providing good luminosity and worse diffractometer resolution or Si(111) + Si(220) bent crystals in quasi-dispersive (n, −m) setting providing very good diffractometer resolution and correspondingly weaker luminosity. It has been found that besides an excellent focusing and reflectivity properties of the dispersive double-bent-crystal setting the obtained monochromatic neutron current is sufficiently high for diffraction experiments even at the medium-power research reactor.
Total scattering experiments on glass and crystalline materials at the ESRF on the ID11 Beamline
Authors: Bernasconi Andrea , Wright Jonathan , Harker Nicholas
Published: December 2014

ID11 is a multi-purpose high-energy beamline at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF). Owing to the high-energy X-ray source (up to 140 keV) and flexible, high-precision sample mounting which allows small sample–detector distances to be achieved, experiments such as total scattering in transmission geometry are possible. This permits the exploration of a wide Q range and so provides high real-space resolution. A range of samples (glasses and crystalline powders) have been measured at 78 keV, first putting the detector as close as possible to the sample (~10 cm), and then moving it vertically and laterally with respect to the beam in order to have circular and quarter circle sections of diffraction rings, with consequent QMAX at the edge of the detector of about 16 and 28 Å−1, respectively. Data were integrated using FIT2D, and then normalized and corrected with PDFgetX3. Results have been compared to see the effects of Q-range and counting statistics on the atomic pair distribution functions of the different samples. A Q of at least 20 Å−1 was essential to have sufficient real-space resolution for both type of samples while statistics appeared more important for glass samples rather than for crystalline samples.
Avian influenza surveillance in Central and West Africa, 2010–2014
Authors: FULLER T. L. , DUCATEZ M. F. , NJABO K. Y. , COUACY-HYMANN E. , CHASAR A. , APLOGAN G. L. , LAO S. , AWOUME F. , TÉHOU A. , LANGEOIS Q. , KRAUSS S. , SMITH T. B.
Published: December 2014

Avian influenza virus (AIV) is an important zoonotic pathogen, resulting in global human morbidity and mortality and substantial economic losses to the poultry industry. Poultry and wild birds have transmitted AIV to humans, most frequently subtypes H5 and H7, but also different strains and subtypes of H6, H9, and H10. Determining which birds are AIV reservoirs can help identify human populations that have a high risk of infection with these viruses due to occupational or recreational exposure to the reservoir species. To assess the prevalence of AIV in tropical birds, from 2010 to 2014, we sampled 40 099 birds at 32 sites in Central Africa (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo-Brazzaville, Gabon) and West Africa (Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Togo). In Central Africa, detection rates by real-time RT–PCR were 16·6% in songbirds (eight passerine families,n = 1257), 16·4% in kingfishers (family Alcedinidae,n = 73), 8·2% in ducks (family Anatidae,n = 564), and 3·65% in chickens (family Phasianidae,n = 1042). Public health authorities should educate human cohorts that have high exposure to these bird populations about AIV and assess their adherence to biosecurity practices, including Cameroonian farmers who raise small backyard flocks.
The impact of mode of instructional delivery on second language teacher self-efficacy
Authors: Kissau Scott , Algozzine Bob
Published: December 2014

Research has called into question the suitability of fully-online instruction for certain teacher preparation courses. Methodology coursework, in particular, has been singled out in research as ill-suited to online instruction. Recent research, for example, involving second language (L2) teacher candidates has demonstrated that aspiring teachers who completed online methodology instruction were less confident in their abilities to teach L2 learners than their counterparts who completed the same instruction in a face-to-face (F2F) setting. To address the limitations of online instruction, while still incorporating its associated strengths, the development and implementation of hybridized methodology coursework have been proposed. Following this recommendation, the researchers developed and implemented hybridized L2 methodology courses that mirrored their pre-existing online and F2F equivalents. Using a mixed methodology, the researchers then conducted a three-way comparison of instructional delivery modes (online, F2F, hybrid) to investigate their impact on L2 teacher candidate self-efficacy. Although the results demonstrated that all three modes of instruction can be equally effective at increasing candidate confidence, they also highlighted the potential of hybridized instruction to address the limitations of online and F2F instruction, while still including their strengths. The findings also emphasized that simply viewing or participating in live demonstrations of teaching strategies in post-secondary methodology courses is not sufficient. To feel confident in their teaching abilities, teacher candidates need opportunities in their coursework to apply what they have learned in K-12 classrooms. Offering numerous research-based suggestions to improve the design of hybridized methodology courses, the study also serves to inform the development of future hybridized methodology coursework.
Integrated risk management for defined benefit pensions: models and metrics
Authors: MAURER RAIMOND
Published: December 2014

The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC) insures private sector defined benefit (DB) pension plans, when an employer becomes insolvent and is unable to pay the pension liabilities. In principle, the insurance premiums collected by PBGC should be sufficient to cover potential losses; this would ensure that PBGC could pay the insured benefits of terminated pension plan without additional external funding (e.g., from taxpayers). Therefore, the risk exposure of the PBGC from insuring DB pension plans arises from the probability of the employer insolvencies; and the terminating plans’ funding status (the excess of the value of the insured plan liabilities over the plan assets). Here we explore only the second component, namely the impact of plan underfunding for the operation of the PBGC. When a DB plan is fully funded, the PBGC's risk exposure for an ongoing plan is low even if the plan sponsor becomes insolvent. Thus the questions most pertinent to the PBGC are: what key risk factors can produce underfunding in a DB plan, and how can these risk factors be quantified? We discuss the key risk factors that produce DB pension underfunding, namely, investment risk and liability risk. These are interrelated and must be considered simultaneously in order to quantify the risk exposure of a DB pension plan. We propose that an integrated risk management model (an Integrated Asset/Liability Model) can help better understand DB pension plan funding risk. We also examine the Pension Insurance Modeling System developed by the PBGC in terms of its own use of some of the building blocks of an integrated risk management model.
Regulation of CDX4 gene transcription by HoxA9, HoxA10, the Mll-Ell oncogene and Shp2 during leukemogenesis
Authors: Bei L , Shah C , Wang H , Huang W , Platanias L C , Eklund E A
Published: December 2014

Cdx and Hox proteins are homeodomain transcription factors that regulate hematopoiesis. Transcription of the HOX and CDX genes decreases during normal myelopoiesis, but is aberrantly sustained in leukemias with translocation or partial tandem duplication of the MLL1 gene. Cdx4 activates transcription of the HOXA9 and HOXA10 genes, and HoxA10 activates CDX4 transcription. The events that break this feedback loop, permitting a decreased Cdx4 expression during normal myelopoiesis, were previously undefined. In the current study, we find that HoxA9 represses CDX4 transcription in differentiating myeloid cells, antagonizing activation by HoxA10. We determine that tyrosine phosphorylation of HoxA10 impairs transcriptional activation of CDX4, but tyrosine phosphorylation of HoxA9 facilitates repression of this gene. As HoxA9 and HoxA10 are phosphorylated during myelopoiesis, this provides a mechanism for differentiation stage-specific Cdx4 expression. HoxA9 and HoxA10 are increased in cells expressing Mll-Ell, a leukemia-associated MLL1 fusion protein. We find that Mll-Ell induces a HoxA10-dependent increase in Cdx4 expression in myeloid progenitor cells. However, Cdx4 decreases in a HoxA9-dependent manner on exposure of Mll-Ell-expressing cells to differentiating cytokines. Leukemia-associated, constitutively active mutants of Shp2 block cytokine-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of HoxA9 and HoxA10. In comparison with myeloid progenitor cells that are expressing Mll-Ell alone, we find increased CDX4 transcription and Cdx4 expression in cells co-expressing Mll-Ell plus constitutively active Shp2. Increased Cdx4 expression is sustained on exposure of these cells to differentiating cytokines. Our results identify a mechanism for increased and sustained CDX4 transcription in leukemias co-overexpressing HoxA9 and HoxA10 in combination with constitutive activation of Shp2. This is clinically relevant, because MLL1 translocations and constitutive Shp2 activation co-exist in human myeloid leukemias.
Introduction to Population Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Analysis With Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models
Authors: van der Graaf PH
Published: December 2014

CPT Pharmacometrics Syst. Pharmacol. (2014) 3, e153; doi:10.1038/psp.2014.51; published online 22 December 2014
In-vivo RGB marking and multicolour single-cell tracking in the adult brain
Authors: Gomez-Nicola Diego , Riecken Kristoffer , Fehse Boris , Perry V. Hugh
Published: December 2014

In neuroscience it is a technical challenge to identify and follow the temporal and spatial distribution of cells as they differentiate. We hypothesised that RGB marking, the tagging of individual cells with unique hues resulting from simultaneous expression of the three basic colours red, green and blue, provides a convenient toolbox for the study of the CNS anatomy at the single-cell level. Using γ-retroviral and lentiviral vector sets we describe for the first time the in-vivo multicolour RGB marking of neurons in the adult brain. RGB marking also enabled us to track the spatial and temporal fate of neural stem cells in the adult brain. The application of different viral envelopes and promoters provided a useful approach to track the generation of neurons vs. glial cells at the neurogenic niche, allowing the identification of the prominent generation of new astrocytes to the striatum. Multicolour RGB marking could serve as a universal and reproducible method to study and manipulate the CNS at the single-cell level, in both health and disease.
An engineered genetic selection for ternary protein complexes inspired by a natural three-component hitchhiker mechanism
Authors: Lee Hyeon-Cheol , Portnoff Alyse D. , Rocco Mark A. , DeLisa Matthew P.
Published: December 2014

The bacterial twin-arginine translocation (Tat) pathway is well known to translocate correctly folded monomeric and dimeric proteins across the tightly sealed cytoplasmic membrane. We identified a naturally occurring heterotrimer, theEscherichia colialdehyde oxidoreductase PaoABC, that is co-translocated by the Tat translocase according to a ternary “hitchhiker” mechanism. Specifically, the PaoB and PaoC subunits, each devoid of export signals, are escorted to the periplasm in a piggyback fashion by the Tat signal peptide-containing subunit PaoA. Moreover, export of PaoA was blocked when either PaoB or PaoC was absent, revealing a surprising interdependence for export that is not seen for classical secretory proteins. Inspired by this observation, we created a bacterial three-hybrid selection system that links the formation of ternary protein complexes with antibiotic resistance. As proof-of-concept, a bispecific antibody was employed as an adaptor that physically crosslinked one antigen fused to a Tat export signal with a second antigen fused to TEM-1 β-lactamase (Bla). The resulting non-covalent heterotrimer was exported in a Tat-dependent manner, delivering Bla to the periplasm where it hydrolyzed β-lactam antibiotics. Collectively, these results highlight the remarkable flexibility of the Tat system and its potential for studying and engineering ternary protein interactions in living bacteria.
Hydrogen-bonding dramatically modulates the gene transfection efficacy of surface-engineered dendrimers
Authors: Shao Naimin , Wang Hui , He Bingwei , Wang Yu , Xiao Jianru , Wang Yitong , Zhang Qiang , Li Yujia , Cheng Yiyun
Published: December 2014

The hydrogen-bond modulation strategy represents a promising tool in the design of highly efficient and less cytotoxic gene materials.
Diastereoselective synthesis of propargylic N-hydroxylamines via NHC–copper(i) halide-catalyzed reaction of terminal alkynes with chiral nitrones on water
Authors: Woźniak Ł. , Staszewska-Krajewska O. , Michalak M.
Published: December 2014

The first NHC–copper(i) halide catalyzed addition of terminal alkynes to enantiomerically pure nitrones on water affording propargylic N-hydroxylamines in a highly diastereoselective fashion is reported.
Expanding the toolbox of asymmetric organocatalysis by continuous-flow process
Authors: Finelli Fernanda G. , Miranda Leandro S. M. , de Souza Rodrigo O. M. A.
Published: December 2014

Despite all the organic chemistry reaction methodologies already developed for the continuous-flow process, asymmetric synthesis is one that has gained less attention.
Programmed chemo-enzymatic synthesis of the oligosaccharide component of a carbohydrate-based antibacterial vaccine candidate
Authors: Salamone Stéphane , Guerreiro Catherine , Cambon Emmanuelle , André Isabelle , Remaud-Siméon Magali , Mulard Laurence A.
Published: December 2014

The powerful chemo-enzymatic synthesis of the pentadecasaccharide hapten involved in the first synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccine candidate against endemic shigellosis is reported.
A robust and conductive metal-impregnated graphene oxide membrane selectively separating organic vapors
Authors: Lam Do Van , Gong Tao , Won Sejeong , Kim Jae-Hyun , Lee Hak-Joo , Lee Changgu , Lee Seung-Mo
Published: December 2014

A robust and conductive graphene oxide membrane with selective separation properties can be easily prepared by the vapor phase metal-impregnation effect provided by an atomic layer deposition process.
Borane as an efficient directing group. Stereoselective 1,2-addition of organometallic reagents to borane P-stereogenic N-phosphanylimines
Authors: Flores-Gaspar Areli , Orgué Sílvia , Grabulosa Arnald , Riera Antoni , Verdaguer Xavier
Published: December 2014

The 1,2-addition of organolithium reagents to borane P-stereogenic N-phosphanylimines was found to be a highly selective solvent-dependent stereodivergent process.
Structure-guided design and biosynthesis of a novel FR-900098 analogue as a potent Plasmodium falciparum 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase (Dxr) inhibitor
Authors: Cobb Ryan E. , Bae Brian , Li Zhi , DeSieno Matthew A. , Nair Satish K. , Zhao Huimin
Published: December 2014

Enzymatic biosynthesis of a novel, more potent FR-900098 analog is inspired by co-crystal structures of 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase (Dxr) from the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum.
Polar stacking of molecules in liquid chloroform
Authors: Shephard J. J. , Soper A. K. , Callear S. K. , Imberti S. , Evans J. S. O. , Salzmann C. G.
Published: December 2014

‘Super-dipole’ aggregates in liquid chloroform may explain its outstanding solvent properties and highlight a route to designing new high-performance solvents.
Hyperbranched crystalline nanostructure produced from ionic π-conjugated molecules
Authors: Eskelsen Jeremy R. , Phillips Kara J. , Hipps K. W. , Mazur Ursula
Published: December 2014

We report the first synthesis of a hyperbranched sheaf-like nanostructure by ionic self-assembly of organic semiconductors that forms via combined oriented attachment and Ostwald ripening growth mechanisms.
Metal-free Lewis acid mediated dehydrocoupling of phosphines and concurrent hydrogenation
Authors: Dobrovetsky Roman , Takeuchi Katsuhiko , Stephan Douglas W.
Published: December 2014

The stoichiometric reaction of trityl cation with two equivalents of Ph2PH affords the phosphine stabilized phosphenium salt [Ph2(H)PPPh2][B(C6F5)4] via hydride abstraction, while catalytic amounts of B(p-HC6F4)3 effects catalytic phosphine dehydrocoupling with the liberation of H2.
High-temperature and high-resolution crystallography of thermostable copper nitrite reductase
Authors: Fukuda Yohta , Inoue Tsuyoshi
Published: December 2014

The structure of thermostable copper nitrite reductase in complex with nitrite was determined at 320 K.
Non-aqueous semi-solid flow battery based on Na-ion chemistry. P2-type NaxNi0.22Co0.11Mn0.66O2–NaTi2(PO4)3
Authors: Ventosa Edgar , Buchholz Daniel , Klink Stefan , Flox Cristina , Chagas Luciana Gomes , Vaalma Christoph , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Passerini Stefano , Morante Joan Ramon
Published: December 2014

The first proof of concept for a non-aqueous semi-solid flow battery (SSFB) based on Na-ion chemistry.
Asymmetric Kita spirolactonisation catalysed by anti-dimethanoanthracene-based iodoarenes
Authors: Murray Stephen J. , Ibrahim Hasim
Published: December 2014

Rigid C2-symmetric anti-dimethanoanthracene-based iodoarenes at 10 mol% loading catalyse the asymmetric Kita spirolactonisation of 1-naphthols with significant levels of asymmetric induction.
Synthesis, structures and physical properties of mixed-ligand coordination polymers based on a V-shaped dicarboxylic ligand
Authors: Yang Yan-Yan , Lin Zu-Jin , Liu Tao-Tao , Liang Jun , Cao Rong
Published: December 2014

Four coordination polymers based on the V-shaped H2hfipbb ligand, (H2hfipbb = 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)-bis(benzoic acid), and different auxiliary linear N-donor ligands have been constructed under solvothermal conditions and structurally characterized.
Influence of zeolite pore structure on product selectivities for protolysis and hydride transfer reactions in the cracking of n-pentane
Authors: Miyaji Akimitsu , Iwase Yasuyoshi , Nishitoba Toshiki , Long Nguyen Quang , Motokura Ken , Baba Toshihide
Published: December 2014

The spatial cavity volume of a zeolite is one of the most important factors that determine product selectivity and the catalytic activity of the zeolite in the alkane cracking reaction.
Interaction and charge transfer between isolated thylakoids and multi-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Dewi Herlina Arianita , Sun Gengzhi , Zheng Lianxi , Lim Sierin
Published: December 2014

The charge transfer between isolated thylakoids and multi-walled carbon nanotubes has been studied using Raman, UV-Vis, and fluorescence spectrometry.
Distinct and dramatic water dissociation on GaP(111) tracked by near-ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Xueqiang , Ptasinska Sylwia
Published: December 2014

Chemical evolution bridging UHV and near-realistic conditions at the H2O/GaP interface.
Anisotropic intrinsic lattice thermal conductivity of phosphorene from first principles
Authors: Qin Guangzhao , Yan Qing-Bo , Qin Zhenzhen , Yue Sheng-Ying , Hu Ming , Su Gang
Published: December 2014

The intrinsic lattice thermal conductivity and the representative phonon mean free path of phosphorene.
The atomistic mechanism of hcp-to-bcc martensitic transformation in the Ti–Nb system revealed by molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Li Yang , Li JiaHao , Liu BaiXin
Published: December 2014

The atomic mechanism of the hcp-to-bcc martensitic transformation and the corresponding crystallographic correlation has been elucidated.
Splitting and joining in carbon nanotube/nanoribbon/nanotetrahedron growth
Authors: Hasegawa Takayuki , Kohno Hideo
Published: December 2014

Splitting and joining during CNT growth by the origami mechanism.
Theoretical study on the torsional potential of alkyl, donor, and acceptor substituted bithiophene: the hidden role of noncovalent interaction and backbone conjugation
Authors: Lin Tzu-Jen , Lin Shiang-Tai
Published: December 2014

The torsional potential of substituted bithiophene is influenced not only by steric repulsion, but also by backbone conjugation and noncovalent interactions.
Calculation of the vibrational frequencies of carbon clusters and fullerenes with empirical potentials
Authors: Do Hainam , Besley Nicholas A.
Published: December 2014

Empirical potentials are assessed and optimized for the calculation of the vibrational frequencies of fullerenes and nanotubes.
Paradigms shift when solvent-less fluids come into play
Authors: Babu Sukumaran Santhosh
Published: December 2014

A new phase of material that challenges the established paradigms.
Reversible degradation in ITO-containing organic photovoltaics under concentrated sunlight
Authors: Galagan Yulia , Mescheloff Asaf , Veenstra Sjoerd C. , Andriessen Ronn , Katz Eugene A.
Published: December 2014

Stabilities of ITO-containing and ITO-free organic solar cells were investigated under simulated AM 1.5G illumination and under concentrated natural sunlight.
Core substituted naphthalene diimide – metallo bisterpyridine supramolecular polymers: synthesis, photophysics and morphology
Authors: Shokouhi Mehr Hamideh , Romano Natalie C. , Altamimi Rashid , Modarelli Jody M. , Modarelli David A.
Published: December 2014

A series of metallo Ru(ii), Fe(ii), Co(ii) bisterpyridine polymers were prepared with core-substituted naphthalene diimide (NDI) groups inserted between two 4′-phenyl-2,2:6′,2′′-terpyridine (phtpy) groups.
Thermoelectric properties and chlorine doping effect of In4Pb0.01Sn0.03Se2.9Clx polycrystalline compounds
Authors: Hee Kim Jin , Jae Kim Min , Oh Suekyung , Rhyee Jong-Soo , Park Su-Dong , Ahn Docheon
Published: December 2014

Enhanced thermoelectric figure of merit ZT = 1.25 at 723 K for n-type In4Pb0.01Sn0.03Se2.9Clx (x = 0.04) polycrystalline materials.
High-grade diesel production by hydrodeoxygenation of palm oil over a hierarchically structured Ni/HBEA catalyst
Authors: Ma Bing , Zhao Chen
Published: December 2014

A highly active catalyst, hierarchical nano-sized Ni/HBEA, is developed for stearic acid and palm oil hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) in dodecane.
Possibilities and analytical properties of the radiofrequency plasma pencil operating in the continuous and in the pulsed mode
Authors: Novosád Lukáš , Hrdlička Aleš , Slavíček Pavel , Otruba Vítězslav , Kanický Viktor
Published: December 2014

A two-electrode capacitively coupled plasma jet discharge operating at a 13.56 MHz symmetrical sinusoidal frequency carrier wave in a continuous mode and in a pulsed mode is described in this paper.
Synthesis and relationship of stability and biological activity of new DSS and TMP conjugates
Authors: Sun Yewei , Tan Zicheng , Liang Zhibin , Wang Liang , Shan Luchen , Yu Pei , Lee Simon MingYuen , Wang Yuqiang
Published: December 2014

A series of novel conjugates of danshensu (DSS) and tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) were designed and synthesized.
Elemental mapping inventory of the fish Liza aurata brain: a biomarker of metal pollution vulnerability
Authors: Godinho Rita M. , Pereira Patricia , Raimundo Joana , Pacheco Mário , Pinheiro Teresa
Published: December 2014

Elemental mapping of fish brain exposed to metal pollution revealed altered elemental concentrations that highlight homeostasis modification, altered permeability of the blood–brain barrier and risk for neurological toxicity and behaviour impairments.
Novel silica surface charge density mediated control of the optical properties of embedded optically active materials and its application for fiber optic pH sensing at elevated temperatures
Authors: Wang Congjun , Ohodnicki Paul R. , Su Xin , Keller Murphy , Brown Thomas D. , Baltrus John P.
Published: December 2014

Silica surface charge density enables control of the optical properties of embedded optically active materials and demonstrates robust pH sensing at elevated temperatures and in saturated salt solutions.
Molecular hot electroluminescence due to strongly enhanced spontaneous emission rates in a plasmonic nanocavity
Authors: Chen Gong , Li Xiao-Guang , Zhang Zhen-Yu , Dong Zhen-Chao
Published: December 2014

The molecular hot electroluminescence is explained by dramatically enhanced spontaneous emission comparable to fast vibrational relaxation in resonant plasmonic nanocavities.
Solvent- and phase-controlled photochirogenesis. Enantiodifferentiating photoisomerization of (Z)-cyclooctene sensitized by cyclic nigerosylnigerose-based nanosponges crosslinked by pyromellitate
Authors: Wei Xueqin , Liang Wenting , Wu Wanhua , Yang Cheng , Trotta Francesco , Caldera Fabrizio , Mele Andrea , Nishimoto Tomoyuki , Inoue Yoshihisa
Published: December 2014

The enantioselectivity of the (E)-cyclooctene produced critically depended on the solvent and also on the phase evolved, maximizing at the flowing/rigid gel border.
Tandem catalytic oxidative deacetylation of acetoacetic esters and heteroaromatic cyclizations
Authors: Ju Yeming , Miao Di , Yu Ruiyang , Koo Sangho
Published: December 2014

Coupling of ethyl acetoacetate with MVK and with 2-nitrobenzyl bromides, Mn(iii)/Co(ii)-catalyzed deacetylation, and heterocyclizations provide pyrroles and indoles, respectively.
Copper-catalyzed oxidative alkenylation of thioethers via Csp3–H functionalization
Authors: Cao Hao , Liu Dong , Liu Chao , Hu Xinquan , Lei Aiwen
Published: December 2014

The first copper-catalyzed oxidative alkenylation of thioethers via Csp3–H functionalization to construct allylic thioethers is demonstrated.
Second-order calibration for the determination of fatty acids in pomegranate seeds by vortex-assisted extraction-dispersive liquid–liquid micro-extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Authors: Ahmadvand Mohammad , Sereshti Hassan , Parastar Hadi
Published: December 2014

Multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares is proposed for the simultaneous analysis of 18 fatty acid methyl esters in a standard mixture and pomegranate seed sample using vortex-assisted extraction-dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by GC-MS.
Au/Ag bimetal nanogap arrays with tunable morphologies for surface-enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Wang Yaxin , Zhao Xiaoyu , Gao Wenting , Chen Lei , Chen San , Wei Maobin , Gao Ming , Wang Cong , Zhang Yongjun , Yang Jinghai
Published: December 2014

When Au and Ag were deposited onto two-dimensional polystyrene (PS) templates, a curved bimetallic film composed of nanocap-shaped Au/Ag units was formed.
Deep-blue emitting pyrene–benzimidazole conjugates for solution processed organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Karthik Durai , Justin Thomas K. R. , Jou Jwo-Huei , Kumar Sudhir , Chen Yu-Lin , Jou Yung-Cheng
Published: December 2014

Pyrene–benzimidazole hybrids have been demonstrated as deep blue emitters for organic light-emitting diodes.
A novel electrochemical biosensor for DNA detection based on exonuclease III-assisted target recycling and rolling circle amplification
Authors: Gao Fenglei , Du Yan , Yao Jingwen , Zhang Yanzhuo , Gao Jian
Published: December 2014

A strategy for electrochemical detection of DNA by exonuclease III-assisted DNA recycling and the rolling circle amplification was developed.
Non-mercury catalytic acetylene hydrochlorination over Ru catalysts enhanced by carbon nanotubes
Authors: Li Guangbi , Li Wei , Zhang Haiyang , Pu Yanfeng , Sun Mengxia , Zhang Jinli
Published: December 2014

Ru catalysts deposited inside the channels of the CNTs show higher catalytic activity. Ru-in-CNT catalyst exhibited an acetylene conversion of 95.0% at 170 °C and 10 h. CNTs with an inner diameter of 3–7 nm can functionalize as an efficient support.
Simulations of singlet exciton diffusion in organic semiconductors: a review
Authors: Bjorgaard Josiah A. , Köse Muhammet Erkan
Published: December 2014

Recent advances in exciton diffusion simulations in conjugated materials are presented in this review.
Polymer–paclitaxel conjugates based on disulfide linkers for controlled drug release
Authors: Chen Wulian , Shah Luqman Ali , Yuan Li , Siddiq Mohammad , Hu Jianhua , Yang Dong
Published: December 2014

Controlled drug delivery system based on hydrophilic diblock copolymer covalently linked paclitaxel (PTX) via a disulfide linker.
Novel nanostructured LiMn2O4 microspheres for high power Li-ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Huang , Xu Yunlong , Liu Dong
Published: December 2014

Micro/nanostructured LiMn2O4 spheres were synthesized via a facile approach and show a high volumetric energy density as cathodes.
Stereoselective total synthesis of ent-hyptenolide
Authors: Manikanta Gembali , Raju Galla , Krishna Palakodety Radha
Published: December 2014

A stereoselective total synthesis of ent-hyptenolide is reported.
Base-mediated direct fluoroalkenylation of 2-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole, benzothiazole and benzoxazole with gem-difluoroalkenes
Authors: Zhang Xuxue , Lin Yingyin , Zhang Juan , Cao Song
Published: December 2014

Direct α-fluorovinylation of 2-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole, benzothiazole and benzoxazole with gem-difluoroalkenes under the assistance of KHMDS or NaH at room temperature was developed.
Supercritical synthesis of layered elongated hexagonal titanium phosphate nanoplates
Authors: Liu Jiehua , Wei Xiangfeng
Published: December 2014

Elongated hexagonal α-titanium phosphate nanoplates with single-crystalline and controllable structures were synthesized in supercritical ethanol without any template.
Atomic, electronic and magnetic structure of graphene/iron and nickel interfaces: theory and experiment
Authors: Boukhvalov D. W. , Gornostyrev Y. N. , Uimin M. A. , Korolev A. V. , Yermakov A. Y.
Published: December 2014

Experiments and theory demonstrate the significant influence of a graphene cover to the magnetic properties of an iron substrate and the insignificant role of nickel.
An imidazo-phenanthroline scaffold enables both chromogenic Fe(ii) and fluorogenic Zn(ii) detection
Authors: Yoldas Aykut , Algi Fatih
Published: December 2014

A promising dual channel responsive probe, which can simultaneously induce chromogenic and fluorogenic responses to Fe(ii) and Zn(ii) ions, respectively, is described.
A supramolecular approach to metal ion sensing: cystine-based designer systems for Cu2+, Hg2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ sensing
Authors: Kumar P. P. Praveen , Suresh Cherumuttathu H. , Haridas V.
Published: December 2014

Here, we demonstrate an emergent property from a mixture of two simple cystine containing molecules. The 1 : 1 mixture of pyrene-labelled S1 and tryptophan appended S2 form the heterodimeric system S1 : S2, which shows a unique metal binding ability.
Synthesis of Au yolk/LDH shell nanoparticles as anticancer vehicles
Authors: Huo Xiaolei , Dai Chaofan , Li Shuping , Li Xiaodong
Published: December 2014

MTX serves as both the anticancer targeting drug loaded on LDH sheets and effective surface-coupling agent for SiO2 coating.
A novel approach to alginate aerogels: carbon dioxide induced gelation
Authors: Gurikov P. , Raman S. P. , Weinrich D. , Fricke M. , Smirnova I.
Published: December 2014

A novel process, carbon dioxide induced gelation, opens new pathways towards hydrogels and can be coupled with supercritical drying to produce aerogels.
Effects of strongly aggregated silica nanoparticles on interfacial behaviour of water bound to lactic acid bacteria
Authors: Gun'ko Vladimir M. , Turov Vladimir V. , Krupska Tetyana V. , Tsapko Magdalina D. , Skubiszewska-Zięba Jadwiga , Charmas Barbara , Leboda Roman
Published: December 2014

Suspending lactic acid bacteria with silica microparticles results in complete de-agglomeration of bacteria.
Interfacial peroxidase-like catalytic activity of surface-immobilized cobalt phthalocyanine on multiwall carbon nanotubes
Authors: Li Nan , Lu Wangyang , Pei Kemei , Chen Wenxing
Published: December 2014

The rapid diffusional mass transfer process (DMTP) always results in a highly efficient reaction.
Breaking bonds with electrons: stepwise and concerted reductive cleavage of C–S, C–Se and Se–CN bonds in phenacylthiocyanates and phenacylselenocyanates
Authors: Bouchet Lydia M. , Peñéñory Alicia B. , Robert Marc , Argüello Juan E.
Published: December 2014

The mechanistic aspects of the electrochemical reduction of phenacylthio- and selenocyanates have been studied.
Organocatalysis in polysiloxane gels: a magnetic-stir-bar encapsulated catalyst system prepared by thiol–ene photo-click immobilization
Authors: Yang Hong , Xu Ming , Guo Ling-Xiang , Ji Hao-Fan , Wang Jun-Yu , Lin Bao-Ping , Zhang Xue-Qin , Sun Ying
Published: December 2014

This manuscript reports a thiol–ene click organocatalyst-immobilization method, and a Stir Bar-Encapsulated Catalysis (SBEC) technique, which can infinitely simplify the catalyst/product separation procedure by using a simple stir-bar-retriever.
A carbohydrate-grafted nanovesicle with activatable optical and acoustic contrasts for dual modality high performance tumor imaging
Authors: Wu Xuanjun , Lin Bijuan , Yu Mingzhu , Yang Liu , Han Jiahuai , Han Shoufa
Published: December 2014

High-performance illumination of subcutaneous tumor and liver tumor foci was achieved with sialic acid-targeted acid-responsive nanovesicles which become fluorescent and photoacoustic upon internalization into tumor lysosomes.
The influence of amino acid sequence on structure and morphology of polydiacetylene containing peptide fibres
Authors: Nieuwland Maaike , van Gijzel Nicole , van Hest Jan C. M. , Löwik Dennis W. P. M.
Published: December 2014

The influence of positively and negatively charged residues on the self-assembly and morphology of peptide amphiphile fibres.