bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interactions among catechol-O-methyltransferase genotype, parenting, and sex predict children's internalizing symptoms and inhibitory control: Evidence for differential susceptibility
Authors: Sulik Michael J. , Eisenberg Nancy , Spinrad Tracy L. , Lemery-Chalfant Kathryn , Swann Gregory , Silva Kassondra M. , Reiser Mark , Stover Daryn A. , Verrelli Brian C.
Published: August 2014

We used sex, observed parenting quality at 18 months, and three variants of the catechol-O-methyltransferase gene (Val158Met [rs4680], intron1 [rs737865], and 3′-untranslated region [rs165599]) to predict mothers' reports of inhibitory and attentional control (assessed at 42, 54, 72, and 84 months) and internalizing symptoms (assessed at 24, 30, 42, 48, and 54 months) in a sample of 146 children (79 male). Although the pattern for all three variants was very similar, Val158Met explained more variance in both outcomes than did intron1, the 3′-untranslated region, or a haplotype that combined all three catechol-O-methyltransferase variants. In separate models, there were significant three-way interactions among each of the variants, parenting, and sex, predicting the intercepts of inhibitory control and internalizing symptoms. Results suggested that Val158Met indexes plasticity, although this effect was moderated by sex. Parenting was positively associated with inhibitory control for methionine–methionine boys and for valine–valine/valine–methionine girls, and was negatively associated with internalizing symptoms for methionine–methionine boys. Using the “regions of significance” technique, genetic differences in inhibitory control were found for children exposed to high-quality parenting, whereas genetic differences in internalizing were found for children exposed to low-quality parenting. These findings provide evidence in support of testing for differential susceptibility across multiple outcomes.
Second trimester cardiac diagnosis: screening standards and outcomes
Authors: Clur Sally-Ann B. , Bilardo Caterina M.
Published: August 2014

Second trimester screening for congenital heart defects occurs during the routine 18–20 weeks’ anomaly scan in many countries. Most congenital heart defects can be prenatally detected by experts in foetal echocardiography working in tertiary centres with high-risk pregnancies. Many studies, however, have shown that detection rates obtained by experts are not reproducible in the low-risk peripheral practices where most of the foetal screening takes place. As the majority of foetuses with congenital heart defects are born to mothers with no identifiable risk factors, it is important that widespread screening of the low-risk population occurs. To facilitate this, standard protocols have been introduced in several countries, but they are not universal and have differing sensitivities depending on the screening views advocated and the area studied. Initially, only performing the four-chamber view (basic scan) was advocated. By adding the outflow tract views (extended scan), three-vessel, and laterality views, the sensitivity of the examination can be significantly increased. Unfortunately, the sensitivity of these extended protocols still does not meet that obtainable in experienced hands, reflecting the additional skill required to obtain these extended views. Thus, close links are required between the tertiary centres and the screening centres to teach and maintain the skills required to obtain and interpret the required views, and to support the sonographer’s commitment. Furthermore, an audit system is required to trace false-positive and -negative cases so that targeted interventions can be planned. This is important, as a missed case of prenatal congenital heart defect is potentially a missed opportunity to reduce postnatal morbidity and mortality.
What Are the Research Needs for the Field of Disaster Nursing? An International Delphi Study
Authors: Ranse Jamie , Hutton Alison , Jeeawody Basseer , Wilson Rhonda
Published: August 2014

Background

Internationally there is an increasing amount of peer-reviewed literature pertaining to disaster nursing. The literature includes personal anecdotes, reflections, and accounts of single case studies. Furthermore, issues such as the willingness of nurses to assist in disasters, the role of nurses in disasters, leadership, competencies, and educational preparedness for nurses have been the focus of the literature.

Aim

The aim of this research was to determine the international research priorities for disaster nursing.

Method

This research used a three-round Delphi technique. The first round used a face-to-face workshop to generate research statements with nursing members of the World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine (WADEM). The second and third rounds included the ranking of statements on a 5-point Likert scale with nursing members of WADEM and the World Society of Disaster Nursing (WSDN). Statements that achieved a mean of four or greater were considered a priority and progressed.

Results

Participants were from multiple countries. Research statements were generated in the areas of: education, training, and curriculum; psychosocial; strategy, relationship, and networking; and clinical practice. Psychosocial aspects of disaster nursing ranked the highest, with five statements appearing in the top ten research areas, followed by statements relating to: education, training, and curriculum; clinical practice; and finally, strategy, relationship, and networking.

Conclusions

Future disaster nursing research should focus on the area of psychosocial aspects of disaster nursing, in particular, both the psychosocial needs of a disaster-affected community and the psychosocial wellbeing of nurses who assist in disaster health activities.

RanseJ,HuttonA,JeeawodyB,WilsonR.What are the research needs for the field of disaster nursing? An international Delphi study.Prehosp Disaster Med.2014;29(5):1-7.
White Spots on Smoke Rings by Bruce Nauman: A Case Study On Contemporary Art Conservation Using Microanalytical Techniques
Authors: Mafalda Ana Cardeira , Câmara Rodrigo Bettencourt da , Strzelec Patrick , Schiavon Nick , Mirão José , Candeias António , Carvalho Maria Luísa , Manso Marta
Published: August 2014

The artwork “Smoke Rings: Two Concentric Tunnels, Non-Communicating” by Bruce Nauman represents a case study of corrosion of a black patina-coated Al-alloy contemporary artwork. The main concern over this artwork was the widespread presence of white spots on its surface. Alloy substrate, patina, and white spots were characterized by means of energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Alloy substrate was identified as an aluminum alloy 6,000 series Al–Si–Mg. Patina’s identified composition confirmed the documentation provided by the atelier. Concerning the white spots, zircon particles were found on patina surface as external elements.
Saving Fallen Women Now? Critical Perspectives on Engagement and Support Orders and their Policy of Forced Welfarism
Authors: Carline Anna , Scoular Jane
Published: August 2014

The UK seems set to follow the increasingly abolitionist trend that is taking hold in Europe in response to the issue of prostitution. While some argue that an abolitionist approach signals a serious attempt to tackle the injustices and gendered aspects of commercial sex, we are less optimistic. Drawing upon the findings of the first study to evaluate Engagement and Support Orders, we argue that any focus on women's needs is distorted by the continued zero tolerance approach to street sex work and the criminal justice setting it takes place in. New revolving doors have been created for those involved in the most visible sectors of the industry and support agencies have been made to take on an increased policing role. This narrow focus individualises the causes of poverty and prostitution, elides the wider structural factors that shape sex work and does little to address the real needs of this vulnerable group. In conclusion, we argue that future policy should engage more productively with the rich cultural study of sex work. This will enable the development of ground-up responses and allow for a more effective role for the criminal law.
Sociodemographic and clinical correlates of migrant status in adults with psychotic disorders: data from the Australian Survey of High Impact Psychosis
Authors: Saha S. , Morgan V. A. , Castle D. , Silove D. , McGrath J. J.
Published: August 2014

Objective.

The links between migrant status and psychosis have attracted considerable attention in recent decades. The aim of the study was to explore the demographic and clinical correlates of migrantv. Australia-born status in individuals with psychotic disorders using a large community-based sample.

Method.

Data were drawn from a population-based prevalence survey of adults with psychotic disorders. Known as the Survey of High Impact Psychosis (SHIP), it was conducted in seven Australian catchment areas in 2010. Logistic regression was used for the main analyses, examining associations of migrant status with sociodemographic and clinical variables.

Results.

Of the 1825 participants with psychotic disorders, 17.8% (n = 325) were migrants, of whom 55.7% (n = 181) were male. Compared to Australia-born individuals with psychosis, migrants were more likely to be currently married, to have completed a higher level at school, to have left school later, and to be employed with full-time jobs. Migrants with psychosis were either no different from or less impaired or disadvantaged compared to their Australian-born counterparts on a range of clinical and demographic variables.

Conclusions.

In a sample of individuals with psychotic disorders, there was no evidence to suggest that migrant status was associated with worse clinical or socio-economic outcomes compared to their native-born counterparts.
A Dissection of Pensions Funding
Authors: O'Regan W. S. , Weeder J.
Published: August 2014

This paper is about actuarial methods of funding pension schemes and follows on from the report of the Working Party of the Pensions Standards Joint Committee on Terminology of Pension Funding Methods (The Terminology Report) published in 1984. It looks at the basic structure of the main methods and at how they behave. We then discuss the question of the suitability of the methods under various conditions. The reader may find it useful to have a copy of the Terminology Report to hand.

The paper is written against a background of uncertainty, as regards the State Earnings-Related Pension Scheme, and of great debate and legislative activity as regards Occupational Pension Schemes. This activity and debate makes it more important than ever before that the actuarial profession explains its methods and approaches to those in the pensions industry who are not actuaries, but who nevertheless rely on actuarial advice.
Repackaging the Life Office
Authors: Kerr A. , Rogers I.
Published: August 2014

Traditionally the interest of actuaries and many other life assurance specialists in the ‘corporate structure’ of life offices has largely been limited to questions surrounding the distinctions between mutual and proprietary companies. More recently, attention has also been paid to composite insurance companies—principally to protect the interests of the long term business policyholders.

Developments over the past ten years or so have led many life offices to reappraise their corporate structure. A number of companies have decided to set up a (non-insurance) group holding company, the principal subsidiary of which would be the established life assurance company. This paper will consider some of the pressures which have resulted in these reorganizations, in particular:

(a) the impact of Section 16 of the Insurance Companies Act 1982 which restricts insurance companies to only conducting activities in connection with insurance;

(b) the various provisions in the Insurance Companies Regulations 1981 which limit the admissibility of particular assets and specify minimum accounting standards which must be adopted when writing down certain fixed assets;

(c) the additional flexibility with regard to marketing and the financing of marketing costs which a revised structure will allow;

(d) the purchase of companies for sums substantially in excess of their net asset value which may give rise to difficulties in accounting for the ‘goodwill element’ in the purchase price;

(e) the potential tax advantages (and, in some cases, disadvantages) which may result from the creation of a non-insurance holding company.
Perspectives on Actuarial Education
Authors: Hardy M. R. , Dickson D. C. M. , Paterson L. J.
Published: August 2014

The education of actuarial students has been a problem for the profession almost since its inception. Despite considerable efforts to seek improvements, difficulties have repeatedly arisen in the examinations, the syllabus and the teaching.

Over the past five years the profession has identified four major areas of concern:

—The average time to qualification of those who complete the exams is too long.

—The proportion of entrants who never qualify is too high.

—It is becoming difficult to recruit enough students to produce the required number of qualified actuaries 4–10 years later.

—There are insufficient actuaries available to fulfil the tutoring and examining duties required by the education service.

The first three of these points can be illustrated by considering a single cohort. In 1980, 289 students enrolled in the Institute. Only 5% of these had completed the exams within 4 years, and only 14% within 5 years. It is unlikely that more than about 30% of this cohort will ever qualify. Incidentally, much of the careers literature available to these students indicated that a diligent (but not extraordinary) student could expect to qualify in 3 or 4 years.
AIDS and the Actuary
Authors: Kerr M. G.
Published: August 2014

Throughout this century we have become accustomed to regular improvement in mortality rates at most ages. For life office actuaries this trend could be regarded as a potential source of profit for assurance business, but as a possible source of loss for annuities. However, since the movements in mortality were gradual then mortality rates at any given time could be estimated with a fair degree of confidence.

In this relatively stable environment, there was little concern over the first report of a death caused by complete and unaccountable failure of the immune system in the United States of America in 1981. When the number of such deaths began to grow and to migrate to Europe than actuaries had to take notice. Here was a disease (called AIDS) which was causing deaths at an alarmingly increasing rate and which medical science seemed powerless to counter. Concern grew about the effect which a major increase in mortality rates caused by AIDS would have on the financial health of life offices.
Population Pharmacokinetics and Antimalarial Pharmacodynamics of Piperaquine in Patients With Plasmodium vivax Malaria in Thailand
Authors: Tarning J , Thana P , Phyo AP , Lwin KM , Hanpithakpong W , Ashley EA , Day NPJ , Nosten F , White NJ
Published: August 2014

Dihydroartemisinin‐piperaquine is an effective drug in the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax malaria. The objective of this study was to evaluate the population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of piperaquine in patients with P. vivax malaria in Thailand after a standard regimen of dihydroartemisinin‐piperaquine to determine whether residual piperaquine prevents or delays the emergence of P. vivax relapse. Sparse blood samples were collected from 116 patients. Piperaquine pharmacokinetics were described well by a three‐compartment distribution model. Relapsing P. vivax malaria was accommodated by a constant baseline hazard (8.94 relapses/year) with the addition of a surge function in a fixed 3‐week interval and a protective piperaquine effect. The results suggest that a large proportion of the first relapses were suppressed completely by residual piperaquine concentrations and that recurrences resulted mainly from emergence of the second or third relapse or from reinfection. This suggests a significant reduction in P. vivax morbidity when using dihydroartemisinin‐piperaquine compared with other antimalarial drugs with shorter terminal postprophylactic effects.

CPT Pharmacometrics Syst. Pharmacol. (2014) 3, e132; doi:10.1038/psp.2014.29; published online 27 August 2014
Microscale Sealed Vessel Pyrolysis
Authors: Horsfield Brian , Leistner Franz , Hall Keith
Published: August 2014

Pyrolysis is the process whereby solid, liquid, and gaseous materials are thermally degraded in the absence of oxygen into smaller molecular fragments. Microscalesealed vessel (MSSV) pyrolysis was originally designed to replicate in the laboratory petroleum-forming reactions which naturally take place on longer time scales, and has a broad range of uses in the natural and earth sciences. Pyrolysis has been widely used to examine the biological and diagenetic origins of complex, naturallyoccurring geopolymeric materials. This has important applications to petroleum, shale gas, and shale oil resources; relating the structure and composition of macromolecules to their precursor organisms and the diagenetic modification, as well as modelling their progressive thermal degradation during progressive subsidence, are the fundamental lines of research being undertaken in petroleum exploration and production science. MSSV pyrolysis is a microanalytical technique developed for artificially maturing kerogen, coal, asphaltenes, or whole rock powder and then quantifying the major GC-amenable organic components generated. MSSV pyrolysis has the same advantages as analytical pyrolysis in being online, rapid, and highly reproducible. It has been demonstrated that predictions of first-formed petroleum compositions from MSSV pyrolysis, for prolific petroleum source rocks, are correct, and this is supported by direct comparison with natural petroleum systems.
Template-free and non-hydrothermal synthesis of CeO2nanosheets via a facile aqueous-phase precipitation route with catalytic oxidation properties
Authors: Dai Qiguang , Bai Shuxing , Li Hua , Liu Wei , Wang Xingyi , Lu Guanzhong
Published: August 2014

Petal and belt-like CeO2nanosheets are synthesized using an aqueous phase precipitation method under template-free and non-hydrothermal conditions and exhibit excellent catalytic oxidation performance.
Thermoelectric properties of higher manganese silicide/multi-walled carbon nanotube composites
Authors: Truong D. Y. Nhi , Kleinke Holger , Gascoin Franck
Published: August 2014

Significant thermal diffusivity reduction in HMS/MWCNT composites prepared by ball milling and spark plasma sintering.
Stereocontrolled lithiation/trapping of chiral 2-alkylideneaziridines: investigation into the role of the aziridine nitrogen stereodynamics
Authors: Mansueto Rosmara , Degennaro Leonardo , Brière Jean-François , Griffin Karen , Shipman Michael , Florio Saverio , Luisi Renzo
Published: August 2014

The origin of the stereoselectivity in the lithiation/trapping of 2-alkylideneaziridines bearing a chiral group as the nitrogen substituent was investigated.
Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of the pentacyclic core of (−)-nakadomarin A via oxazolidine as an iminium cation equivalent
Authors: Tsuji Nobuya , Stadler Michael , Kazumi Naoya , Inokuma Tsubasa , Kobayashi Yusuke , Takemoto Yoshiji
Published: August 2014

A catalytic asymmetric synthesis of the pentacyclic core of (−)-nakadomarin A was achieved.
Assessing the effect of flow fields on flocculation of kaolin suspension using microbial flocculant GA1
Authors: Yang Zhaohui , Wu Zhou , Zeng Guangming , Huang Jing , Xu Haiyin , Feng Jing , Song Peipei , Li Min , Wang Like
Published: August 2014

CFD simulations were employed to assess the effect of flow fields on flocculation of kaolin suspension using microbial flocculant GA1.
Gentamicin-loaded carbonated hydroxyapatite coatings with hierarchically porous structures: drug delivery properties, bactericidal properties and biocompatibility
Authors: Tang Sha , Tian Bo , Ke Qin-Fei , Zhu Zhen-An , Guo Ya-Ping
Published: August 2014

Gentamicin-loaded carbonated hydroxyapatite coatings as bone substitute materials can effectively treat implant-associated infection.
Ordered multimodal porous carbon with hierarchical nanostructure as high performance electrode material for supercapacitors
Authors: Chaudhari Sudeshna , Kwon Seon Young , Yu Jong-Sung
Published: August 2014

Unique hierarchical nanostructure of OMPC facilitates fast mass transport along with large surface area for electrical charge storage.
Synthesis of dibenzoxanthene and acridine derivatives catalyzed by 1,3-disulfonic acid imidazolium carboxylate ionic liquids
Authors: Dutta Arup Kumar , Gogoi Pinky , Borah Ruli
Published: August 2014

1,3-Disulfonic acid imidazolium carboxylate [DSIM][X] (where X = [CH3COO]−, [CCl3COO]−, [CF3COO]−) ILs were synthesized and their catalytic activity examined for the preparation of 14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthene and 1,8-dioxo-decahydroacridine derivatives under solvent-free conditions and in water at 80–100 °C.
Regulating the mechanical properties of poly(1,8-octanediol citrate) bioelastomer via loading of chitin nanocrystals
Authors: Ji Yali , Wang Xuemin , Liang Kai
Published: August 2014

Chitin nanocrystals successfully regulate the modulus and strength of poly(1,8-octanediol citrate) bioelastomer without the sacrifice of elongation.
Thermodynamic and kinetic properties of interpolymer complexes assessed by isothermal titration calorimetry and surface plasmon resonance
Authors: Bizley Samuel C. , Williams Adrian C. , Khutoryanskiy Vitaliy V.
Published: August 2014

Interpolymer complexes (IPCs) formed between complimentary polymers in solution have shown a wide range of applications from drug delivery to biosensors.
Phase diagram of inverse patchy colloids assembling into an equilibrium laminar phase
Authors: Noya Eva G. , Kolovos Ismene , Doppelbauer Günther , Kahl Gerhard , Bianchi Emanuela
Published: August 2014

We numerically study the phase behavior of colloidal particles with two charged patches at the poles and an oppositely charged equatorial belt.
Supercapacitive properties of coiled carbon nanotubes directly grown on nickel nanowires
Authors: Hekmat F. , Sohrabi B. , Rahmanifar M. S. , Vaezi M. R.
Published: August 2014

In this paper, Coiled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been grown directly on an anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) template by using catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CVD).
Preparation and adsorption characteristics of an imprinted polymer for selective removal of Cr(vi) ions from aqueous solutions
Authors: Ren Zhongqi , Kong Delong , Wang Keyuan , Zhang Weidong
Published: August 2014

To achieve a fast adsorption rate and a high adsorption capacity in the selective adsorption of Cr(vi) from wastewater, a novel Cr(vi) ion imprinted polymer (Cr(vi)-IIP) was synthesized by bulk polymerization with 4-vinyl pyridine (4-VP) as a functional monomer.
What can pKa and NBO charges of the ligands tell us about the water and thermal stability of metal organic frameworks?
Authors: Lu Ping , Wu Yong , Kang Hong , Wei Haiyan , Liu Hongke , Fang Min
Published: August 2014

The pKa1 values and NBO charges of 32 carboxylate ligands and 31 N-heterocyclic ligands were calculated at 298.15 K with the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level of calculations, which are useful to understand the water and thermal stability of Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs).
High-power and high-energy asymmetric supercapacitors based on Li+-intercalation into a T-Nb2O5/graphene pseudocapacitive electrode
Authors: Kong Lingping , Zhang Chuanfang , Zhang Songmin , Wang Jitong , Cai Rong , Lv Chunxiang , Qiao Wenming , Ling Licheng , Long Donghui
Published: August 2014

T-Nb2O5/graphene nanocomposites were fabricated and then paired with mesoporous carbon electrodes to construct the asymmetrical supercapacitors with high energy and power densities.
Two-dimensional heterostructures of V2O5 and reduced graphene oxide as electrodes for high energy density asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Nagaraju D. H. , Wang Qingxiao , Beaujuge P. , Alshareef H. N.
Published: August 2014

The 2D layered heterostructures of V2O5 nanosheets and reduced graphene oxide show high conductivity and superior asymmetric supercapacitor properties.
Multifunctional biodegradable mesoporous microspheres of Eu3+-doped amorphous calcium phosphate: microwave-assisted preparation, pH-sensitive drug release, and bioimaging application
Authors: Chen Feng , Huang Peng , Qi Chao , Lu Bing-Qiang , Zhao Xin-Yu , Li Chao , Wu Jin , Cui Da-Xiang , Zhu Ying-Jie
Published: August 2014

Mesoporous microspheres of Eu3+-doped amorphous calcium phosphate are prepared using adenosine triphosphate by the microwave solvothermal method.
Formation of double helical microfibrils from small molecules
Authors: Jia Xianbin , Lou Shiyun , Yuan Honglei , Yuan Ruijian , Tian Shasha , Niu Chunyu , Li Xinjuan , Zhou Shaomin
Published: August 2014

Using a facile vapor–solid route, double helical, organic, small molecular microfibril, i.e. 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) was synthesized, which was based on the spontaneous twisting of supramolecular microtubes.
Large-area nanoscale farmland-like surfaces of one-dimensional NbO2 nanorods with multi-growth directions: studies on the purple-blue photoluminescence and low-field electron emissions
Authors: Lin Jin-Han , Patil Ranjit A. , Wu Ming-Ann , Yu Lian-Guang , Liu Ken-Da , Gao Wan-Ting , Devan Rupesh S. , Ho Ching-Hwa , Liou Yung , Ma Yuan-Ron
Published: August 2014

Nanoscale farmland-like surfaces of NbO2 nanorods with multi-growth directions were synthesized and purple-blue photoluminescence and low-field emissions were shown.
A high-efficiency white light-emitting lanthanide–organic framework assembled from 4,4′-oxybis(benzoic acid), 1,10-phenanthroline and oxalate
Authors: Ma Dou , Li Xia , Huo Rui
Published: August 2014

High-efficiency white light emission was developed through the Gd(iii)/Eu(iii)/Tb(iii) doped complex with 4,4′-oxybis(benzoic acid), 1,10-phenanthroline and oxalate.
Turning the Tables: Helping Students with Dyslexia Become Accomplished Writers
Authors: Hallenbeck Mark
Published: August 2014

Expository writing can pose seemingly insurmountable challenges to students with language processing problems. However, word-level difficulties need not prevent these students from becoming successful writers. This article outlines a cognitive writing strategy that enables students with learning disabilities such as dyslexia to employ their higher-level cognitive abilities in developing exceptional writing skills.
Efficient transceiver beamforming in multiple‐input–multiple‐output cognitive radio network
Authors: Zhu Fangjun , Guo Yan , Li Ning
Published: August 2014

Owing to the ability of improving spectrum utilisation and quality‐of‐service (QoS) in wireless communications, multiple‐input–multiple‐output (MIMO) cognitive radio (CR) network has been identified as an excellent choice for the next generation communication. To protect primary users (PUs) from excessive interference while ensuring a meaningful QoS of secondary users (SUs), one key challenge of such system is the joint design of transceiver beamforming for SUs. In this study, the authors investigate the beamforming in MIMO CR network, and two optimisation problems in terms of the minimisation of the total transmission power and the maximisation of the smallest received signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio (SINR) are considered. The problems can be formulated as indefinite quadratic optimisation programs which are known to be non‐convex NP‐hard. Hence, a distributed algorithm based on semi‐definite programming and minimum‐mean‐squared‐error is proposed to achieve the optimal beamforming weight vector. The findings of this study demonstrated that the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing ones with respect to the total transmitted power and SUs SINR.
Wireless channel model using stochastic high‐level Petri nets for cross‐layer performance analysis in orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing system
Authors: Lei Lei , Wang Huijian , Lin Chuang , Zhong Zhangdui
Published: August 2014

In this study, the authors form a wireless channel model for orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing (OFDM) systems with stochastic high‐level Petri net (SHLPN) formalism in order to simplify the cross‐layer performance analysis of modern wireless systems. Compared with existing finite state Markov channel model whose state space grows exponentially with the number of OFDM subchannels, the author's proposed SHLPN model uses state aggregation technique to deal with this problem. Closed‐form expressions to calculate the transition probabilities among the compound markings of the SHLPN model are provided. When applied to derive the performance measures for OFDM system in terms of the average throughput, average delay and packet dropping probability, the SHLPN model can accurately capture the correlated time‐varying nature of wireless channels. Simulation is performed to show that the numerical results offered by the proposed model are more accurate compared with other simplified channel models for avoiding state space complexity.
Nouveaux concepts de traitement par aligneurs : le système Orthocaps
Authors: Khan Wajeeh
Published: August 2014

Déplacer les dents avec les aligneurs représente un défi, tout comme celui d’utiliser d’autres appareils amovibles. Les limites mécaniques des aligneurs peuvent être en partie contrecarrées par l’augmentation de l’adhérence de la gouttière sur les dents, mais également en choisissant, pour leur fabrication, des matériaux en fonction de leur module d’élasticité. On peut obtenir des résultats tout à fait satisfaisants pour des patients en recherche d’une alternative à l’appareil multiattache, à la fois esthétique et confortable, si l’on établit un plan de traitement adapté et que l’on sélectionne des auxiliaires adéquats. Les caractéristiques spécifiques au système Orthocaps sont l’utilisation de matières thermoplastiques élastiques, le recours à un scanner de grande précision, le thermoformage sous haute pression, des auxiliaires au design unique (patins de friction). Des setups interactifs en 3D sont également utilisés pour permettre à la fois l’échange avec le praticien concernant la planification de traitement puis son approbation, mais également la réévaluation à intervalles réguliers en cours de traitement
Orthopédie dento-faciale et kinésithérapie : partenaires pour la prise en charge des patients
Authors: Alvarado-Faysse Caroline
Published: August 2014

Le traitement orthodontique seul, ou associé à une chirurgie maxillo-faciale, bénéficiera de l’approche kinésithérapique. Cette prise en charge fonctionnelle, placée dès le début du diagnostic orthodontique, permettra une approche thérapeutique globale des patients, en concertation intelligente entre les différents acteurs du traitement, les orthodontistes et les chirurgiens maxillo-faciaux.
Le pendulis : un dispositif de distalisation molaire sur minivis palatine
Authors: Nappée-Miévilly Magali , Nappée François-Joseph , Kerbrat Jean-Baptiste , Goudot Patrick
Published: August 2014

La distalisation molaire maxillaire est une option thérapeutique précieuse dans certains tableaux cliniques. Sa biomécanique est cependant délicate à réaliser et l’histoire de l’orthodontie est émaillée de la description de différents dispositifs proposant des solutions pour une plus grande simplicité et une meilleure efficacité dans l’obtention de ce mouvement dentaire difficile. Dans ce contexte, les dispositifs palatins emportent un réel succès auprès des praticiens, depuis le pendulum de Hilgers (1992) jusqu’à ses variantes portées sur minivis dont ont été montrés récemment les intérêts cliniques. Cet article présente une nouvelle variante du pendulum sur minivis, le « pendulis ». Il reprend le concept d’origine (ressorts de distalisation en alliage de titane-molybdène et pastille de polyméthacrylate de méthyle) mais l’appui dentaire est remplacé par une unique minivis palatine (médiane chez l’adulte, para-médiane chez l’enfant) sur laquelle est fixé le dispositif au moyen d’un capuchon métallique soudé, aisément positionnable et extractible par le praticien, permettant une meilleure maîtrise de l’hygiène orale et une activation extra-buccale totalement contrôlée. Les étapes de sa fabrication sont détaillées et son usage est illustré à travers un exemple clinique.
Fêlures amélaires : influence des procédures orthodontiques
Authors: Bernard-Granger Chloé , Gebeile-Chauty Sarah
Published: August 2014

La présence de fêlures amélaires ne doit pas être considérée comme seulement due à la dépose. De nombreux facteurs doivent être considérés en amont. 1. La préexistence de facteurs de risque avant traitement (fêlures, trauma...) sont à signaler au patient et à noter. 2. Le choix de la technique : la technique vestibulaire entraîne moins de fêlures que la technique linguale. 3. Les boîtiers céramiques entraînent des forces de collage beaucoup plus élevées que les boîtiers métalliques; les boîtiers céramiques renforcés métal constitueraient une alternative intéressante. 4. Les CVIMAR constitueraient une alternative intéressante aux colles classiques. 5. Lors de recollages successifs, il est préférable, au moins lors du premier décollement d’un boîtier, de ne pas re-mordancer mais de seulement niveler la colle. 6. Des alternatives à la dépose par pince sont à l’étude concernant les boîtiers céramiques pour contrecarrer le problème de la force élevée : chaleur, laser...
Thermal conductivity changes upon neutron transmutation of 10B doped diamond
Authors: Jagannadham K. , Verghese K. , Butler J. E.
Published: August 2014

10B doped p-type diamond samples were subjected to neutron transmutation reaction using thermal neutron flux of 0.9 × 1013 cm−2 s−1 and fast neutron flux of 0.09 × 1013 cm−2 s−1. Another sample of epilayer grown on type IIa (110) single crystal diamond substrate was subjected to equal thermal and fast neutron flux of 1014 cm−2 s−1. The defects in the diamond samples were previously characterized by different methods. In the present work, thermal conductivity of these diamond samples was determined at room temperature by transient thermoreflectance method. The thermal conductivity change in the samples as a function of neutron fluence is explained by the phonon scattering from the point defects and disordered regions. The thermal conductivity of the diamond samples decreased more rapidly initially and less rapidly for larger neutron fluence. In addition, the thermal conductivity in type IIb diamond decreased less rapidly with thermal neutron fluence compared to the decrease in type IIa diamond subjected to fast neutron fluence. It is concluded that the rate of production of defects during transmutation reaction is slower when thermal neutrons are used. The thermal conductivity of epilayer of diamond subjected to high thermal and fast neutron fluence is associated with the covalent carbon network in the composite structure consisting of disordered carbon and sp2 bonded nanocrystalline regions.
Molecular dynamics simulation for arrangement of nickel atoms filled in carbon nanotubes
Authors: Bai Liu , Lirui Liu , Zhenyu Zhao
Published: August 2014

Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) filled with metals can be used in capacitors, sensors, rechargeable batteries, and so on. Atomic arrangement of the metals has an important role in the function of the composites. The tips of CNTs were opened, and then nickel was filled by means of hydrothermal oxidation/ultrasonic vibration method. The tests of TEM, HREM, and EDX (energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) analysis showed that Ni was filled in CNTs successfully. The atomic arrangement of nickel filled into single wall carbon nanotubes was investigated by molecular dynamics simulation. The radial distribution function and bond orientation order were established to analyze the atomic arrangement of nickel filled in carbon nanotubes during the cooling process. The results show that nickel atoms became in order gradually and preferably crystallized on the inner wall of carbon nanotubes when the temperature decreased from 1600 K. After it cooled to 100 K, the arrangement of nickel atoms in outermost circle was regular and dense, but there were many defects far from the wall of CNTs. According to the calculation of bond orientation order parameters Q6 and its visualization, the structure of nickel is Face-centered cube (f.c.c). (1,1,1)Ni was close on the inner surface of carbon nanotubes. Radial direction of CNTs was [1,1,1] crystal orientation. Axial direction of CNTs, namely, filling direction, was [1¯, 1¯,2] crystal orientation.
Method for estimating the propagation direction of a coherent plasma structure using a one-dimensional diagnostic array
Authors: Kobayashi T. , Birkenmeier G. , Wolfrum E. , Laggner F. M. , Willensdorfer M. , Stroth U. , Inagaki S. , Itoh S.-I. , Itoh K.
Published: August 2014

This article proposes a new method to evaluate basic characteristics of the dynamics of a coherent plasma structure (blob). With this method, one can evaluate the propagation angle of a blob in a two-dimensional plasma cross section as well as the blob velocity, size, and amplitude from one-dimensional data. The method is applied to blob measurements from the Lithium beam emission spectroscopy system in ASDEX-Upgrade. Statistical features of the observed blob velocities, angles of propagation, blob sizes, and amplitudes are discussed. The validity of the method is examined by comparing two values of the propagation angle that are evaluated in an independent manner.
Dipolar correlations in liquid water
Authors: Zhang Cui , Galli Giulia
Published: August 2014

We present an analysis of the dipolar correlations in water as a function of temperature and density and in the presence of simple ionic solutes, carried out using molecular dynamics simulations and empirical potentials. We show that the dipole-dipole correlation function of the liquid exhibits sizable oscillations over nanodomains of about 1.5 nm radius, with several isosbestic points as a function of temperature; the size of the nanodomains is nearly independent on temperature and density, between 240 and 400 K and 0.9 and 1.3 g/cm3, but it is substantially affected by the presence of solvated ions. In the same range of thermodynamic conditions, the decay time (τ) of the system dipole moment varies by a factor of about 30 and 1.5, as a function of temperature and density, respectively. At 300 K, we observed a maximum in τ as a function of density, and a corresponding shallow maximum in the tetrahedral order parameter, in a range where the diffusion coefficient, the pressure and the dielectric constant increase monotonically.
Theoretical investigation of La monopnictides: Electronic properties and pressure-induced phase transition
Authors: Yan X. Z. , Chen Y. M. , Kuang X. Y. , Xiang S. K.
Published: August 2014

The NaCl-type La monopnictides are proper reference materials for the study of strongly correlated rare-earth pnictides. Yet, despite the simple crystal structure of this system, traditional density functional theory (DFT) calculations have dramatic failures in describing their electronic properties: DFT severely underestimates the band gaps and thus predicts incorrect transport characters of them. Here, we perform a corrected DFT calculation to rectify this failure. Our results show that LaN, LaP, and LaAs are semiconductor with band gaps of 0.82, 0.25, and 0.12 eV, respectively, and LaSb is semimetallic with an overlap of conduction and valence bands approximately 0.28 eV, in agreement with the available experiments. Additionally, under high-pressure, we find that LaN displays a new sequence of phase-transition, B1 → anti-B10 → B2, which is different from the previous theoretical predictions but consistent with the recent experiment.
Reshocked Richtmyer-Meshkov instability: Numerical study and modeling of random multi-mode experiments
Authors: Malamud G. , Leinov E. , Sadot O. , Elbaz Y. , Ben-Dor G. , Shvarts D.
Published: August 2014

The evolution of the three-dimensional planar Richtmyer-Meshkov (RM) instability during a two shock wave interaction (i.e., reshock) is investigated by means of comparing numerical simulations and analytical modelling with experimental results of low Mach numbers (M < 1.5) and fairly high Atwood numbers (A ∼ 0.7). The study discusses and analyses the differences in the evolution of the mixing zone for two different types of initial perturbations, namely, multi-mode random initial perturbation with a narrow or wide bubble size distribution. More specifically, the study is focused on the agreement between numerical simulations and experiments performed with an unknown random initial perturbation. Using a large set of experimental results with different reshock arrival times and Mach numbers, the numerical simulations results are compared to the experimental results for a variety of different scenarios. This methodology allows a constrained comparison, while requiring good agreement for all cases. A comprehensive parametric study is conducted, examining the evolution of the mixing zone (MZ) for different initial amplitudes and wavelengths. It is found that in order to achieve a good agreement, the numerical simulation must be performed using a wide enough initial spectrum, which enables a dominant, efficient bubble merging process to take place within the MZ. The numerical simulation results are compared to a model, based on classic single bubble RM evolution formulation, combined with high amplitude effects consideration and phase reversal treatment in case of heavy to light reshock passage. The model is also extended for the case of multi-mode fronts, accounting for a bubble merging process, determining that the MZ evolution after the reshock can be classified with high confidence as governed by an inverse cascade bubble merger, approaching self-similarity.
Hydrodynamic correlations and diffusion coefficient of star polymers in solution
Authors: Singh Sunil P. , Huang Chien-Cheng , Westphal Elmar , Gompper Gerhard , Winkler Roland G.
Published: August 2014

The center-of-mass dynamics of star polymers in dilute solution is analyzed by hybrid mesoscale simulations. The fluid is modeled by the multiparticle collision dynamics approach, a particle-based hydrodynamic simulation technique, which is combined with molecular dynamics simulations for the polymers. Star polymers of various functionalities are considered. We determine the center-of-mass velocity correlation functions, the corresponding mean square displacements, and diffusion coefficients. The velocity correlation functions exhibit a functionality-dependent and structure-specific intermediate time regime, with a slow decay. It is followed by the long-time tail t−3/2, which is solely determined by the fluid. Infinite-system-size diffusion coefficients are determined from the velocity correlation function by a combination of simulation and analytical results, as well as from the center-of-mass mean square displacement for various systems sizes and extrapolation. In terms of the hydrodynamic radius, the star polymer hydrodynamic diffusion coefficient exhibits the same universal system-size dependence as a spherical colloid. The functionality dependence of the ratio of hydrodynamic radii and the radii of gyration agrees well with experimental predictions.
Monolayers of MoS2 as an oxidation protective nanocoating material
Authors: Sen H. Sener , Sahin H. , Peeters F. M. , Durgun E.
Published: August 2014

First-principle calculations are employed to investigate the interaction of oxygen with ideal and defective MoS2 monolayers. Our calculations show that while oxygen atoms are strongly bound on top of sulfur atoms, the oxygen molecule only weakly interacts with the surface. The penetration of oxygen atoms and molecules through a defect-free MoS2 monolayer is prevented by a very high diffusion barrier indicating that MoS2 can serve as a protective layer for oxidation. The analysis is extended to WS2 and similar coating characteristics are obtained. Our calculations indicate that ideal and continuous MoS2 and WS2 monolayers can improve the oxidation and corrosion-resistance of the covered surface and can be considered as an efficient nanocoating material.
Linewidths and line shapes in the vicinity of graphene
Authors: Bhattacharyya Pallavi , Sebastian K. L.
Published: August 2014

It is well known that graphene, by virtue of its pi-cloud delocalization, has a continuum of electronic energy states and thus behaves nearly like a metal. Instances involving quenching of electronic energy excitation in fluorophores placed in the proximity of graphene sheets are well documented. In this paper, we perform theoretical investigations on the broadening of vibrational and electronic transitions in the vicinity of graphene. We find that for CO vibrations in the vicinity of undoped graphene, the broadening at a distance of 5 Å is \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\sim 0.008\,\text{cm}^{-1} (\tilde{\kappa }=2$\end{document}∼0.008cm−1(κ̃=2, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\tilde{\kappa }$\end{document}κ̃ being the effective dielectric constant). In comparison, for electronic transitions, the linewidth is much larger, being of the order of several cm−1. Also, if the transition dipole were parallel to the graphene sheet, the linewidth would be reduced to half the value for the case where it is perpendicular, an observation which should be easy to check experimentally for electronic transitions. This should be observable for the f − f transitions (which are rather narrow) of Lanthanide complexes placed within a distance of a few nanometers from a graphene sheet. Further the linewidth would have a (distance)−4 dependence as one varies the distance from graphene.
Semiconductor superlattice diodes for detection of terahertz photons: The role of hybridization of the plasma and polar-optical phonon modes
Authors: Ignatov Anatoly A.
Published: August 2014

The current (voltage) responsivity of a superlattice-based diode detector has been studied theoretically in the terahertz frequency band that includes the region of the polar-optical phonon frequencies. Within the framework of an equivalent circuit approach, the electro-dynamical model which allows one to analyze the responsivity taking into account the hybridization of the plasma and polar-optical phonon modes both in the substrate and in the cladding layers of the diode has been suggested. It has been shown that the presence of the plasma and polar-optical phonon modes gives rise to strong features in the frequency dependence of the responsivity, i.e., to the resonance dips and peaks at frequencies of hybridized plasmons and polar-optical phonons. It has been suggested that by judicious engineering of the superlattice-based diodes, it would be possible to enhance substantially their responsivity in the terahertz frequency band.
Fe(III) doped and grafted PbTiO3 film photocathode with enhanced photoactivity for hydrogen production
Authors: Hu Yuxiang , Dong Wen , Zheng Fengang , Fang Liang , Shen Mingrong
Published: August 2014

The photoelectrochemical activity of the PbTiO3 film photocathode deposited on indium tin oxide-coated quartz substrate was significantly improved through modifying the film surface by both the Fe(III) doping and grafting. Doping the PbTiO3 with Fe(III) ions narrows its band gap thus increases the visible light utilization, while the surface-grafted Fe(III) ions on the doped PbTiO3 surface are helpful to improve the charge transfer on the photocathode/electrolyte interface. Consequently, the photocurrent was increased from 38 μA/cm2 to 220 μA/cm2 under the irradiation of 100 mW/cm2 Xe lamp by using 0.1M Na2SO4 as an electrolyte and zero-potential versus saturated calomel as a reference electrode. The corresponding increase in open circuit voltage was 0.95–1.11 V.