bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Moral dimension of scientific knowledge in the conditions of formation of a new industrial society
Authors: Shetulova Elena , Zaladina Marina
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this article is to research the problem of the relationship between science and moral in the new industrial society. The main result of the research can be expressed in a number of the following theses. The functioning and interaction of science and moral depends on the existing social conditions. Accordingly, the relationship between science and moral must be considered specifically historically. In the early stages of becoming a social institution, modern science was an ethically neutral form of culture. Approximately from the late 19th – early 20th centuries, the situation gradually changed in the direction of increasing the moral component of scientific knowledge. The emerging industrial society of the second generation predetermines the dominance of the significance of moral issues in all spheres, including the sphere of science. The reason for such dominance is the inability to control technological processes completely, as well as the ever-increasing interference with the surrounding nature and human nature.
Epistemology of experience in E. Husserl's phenomenology and J. Dewey's instrumentalism
Authors: Plekhanov Evgeniy , Rogacheva Elena
Published: November 2019

The themes present in the philosophy of E. Husserl and J. Dewey could hardly lie outside the interest of considering the major contribution both made to Twentieth–century philosophy and intellectual culture. Comparison of their philosophical positions is carried out, as a rule, on the basis of contrasting transcendentalism and empiricism. Unlike the established tradition, the authors of the article draw attention to the substantial commonality of phenomenology and instrumentalism, thematically conditioned by the founders of these teachings working out the problems of the existential nature of human experience, its horizontal structure and semantic context of the life world. Analysis of the epistemological reflection of the concept of "experience" in the teachings of Husserl and Dewey allowed to show, that their positions do not exclude, but complement each other. The paper is devoted to the 160 th Anniversary of John Dewey's Birth (1859-1952), that would be widely celebrated not only in USA and Europe but in Russia, Japan, China and Latin America.
The idea of human dignity in western philisophy and culture
Authors: Balabanov Timophei
Published: November 2019

This article is an analysis of the change in attitude to the concept of human dignity in historical retrospective. The author traces the content of the term "dignity" in different periods of Western philosophical thought. It is shown how in the course of historical development the power dignity understanding was replaced by an essential one, became universal, although it had different connotations in the culture of different eras, and over time it acquired the significance of social status. Considering the transformation of attitudes towards people, the author comes to the conclusion that only religious culture is able to maintain an understanding of dignity for all participants in society at a single level.
An insight into a digital human as a thinking human being
Authors: Prilukova Ekaterina , Evsina Elena , Kwiatkowski George , Nestertsova Svetlana
Published: November 2019

Human nature and its future sound specially when the human mind penetrates the secrets of the universe, claiming the role of its constructor. The present world is characterized by a huge number of innovations, including the global distribution and introduction of information technique and technology. Digital technology raises the question of "improving" a person and the formation of a posthuman. Virtual and augmented reality, cloud services, artificial intelligence and neurocomputing, Blockchain technology, Internet of things, etc., created by new technique and technologies significantly transform not only the industry as the basis of any society, but also all spheres of society. Human consciousness captures new technique and technology and at the same time begins to be constructed by them. Nevertheless, the greatness of a person is determined by the presence of mind, although more and more often there is talk about the intelligence of “thinking” machines that can replace a person.
Muslim identity in the conceptual field of modern religious studies
Authors: Zuriet Jade , Lyausheva Svetlana
Published: November 2019

The article justifies the need for an integrated approach to the study of Muslim identity in the conceptual and categorical field of modern religious studies. Various conceptual approaches to the analysis of religious identity are considered. The authors analyze the features of a Muslim identity, the development of which is influenced by transforming religious institutions and crisis phenomena in Islam at present. Muslim identification is one of the main mechanisms of socialization by the individual's recognition of their belonging to the Islamic religion and gaining value orientations of Islam. Muslim identity dramatically changes its configuration and demonstrates both integration and disintegration potential. The conclusion is that the Muslim identity is combined with other levels of identity on the principle of complementarities and has its own specific features.
Role of physiological monitoring in educational organizations
Authors: Shchkvirina Olga , Misirov Dinamutdin , Akopyan Marina , Loseva Irina
Published: November 2019

An indicators analysis of the first-graders functional state and vegetative homeostasis obtained in the initial period of adaptation to the educational environment revealed gender differences in the rates of the adaptation process to new learning conditions. It has been established that girls’ adaptation mechanisms turn on earlier than boys’, with their similar orientation. The article provides an experimental justification of the indicators use legitimacy for heart rate variability to assess the functional state of the body in the acute period of adaptation to the educational environment.

The importance of teacher physiological literacy for the optimization of the educational process is substantiated. The results of the study are convincing evidence of the knowledge importance for the physiological foundations of the occurrence and course of physiological and mental processes, stable individual psycho-physiological characteristics for the organization of the learning environment, corresponding to the functional capabilities of the body.

This argument is also confirmed by many years of experience among master students key competencies development, which allow using such an objective criterion as the current functional state of the body to ensure, through the joint efforts of parents, teachers, psychologists, and doctors, the correction of the educational environment and psycho-physiological resistance of individual to it. The established differences in the dynamics of heart rate variability indicators for girls and boys can be used to form a health-saving program in school settings.
“Inorganic body of man”: the transhumanist ideas in Marx
Authors: Maidansky Andrey , Biryukov Nikolai
Published: November 2019

Transhumanism is a young ideology, and its creators have hazy and confused notion of their forerunners and philosophical roots. The authors attempt to show that some of the ideas and concepts of Karl Marx meet the aspirations of transhumanists to radically transform the human body. This is, first of all, the idea of the revolutionary role of labor and technology in the history of mankind, along with the concepts of the “inorganic body” of man and the essence of man as an “ensemble of social relations”.
Human in the world of culture: the great patriotic war in the historical and cultural heritage of northeast of Russia (on the example of Yakutia)
Authors: Sivtseva Saassylana , Parfenova Olga
Published: November 2019

The historical and cultural heritage, expressed in monuments, architectural structures, dedicated to the Great Patriotic War, today is significant. The purpose of the article is to determine the role of society in perpetuating the memory of the Great Patriotic War. The authors conclude that the events of World War II find a lively response from the public. At the same time, new tendencies in commemorative practices are traced - tragic pages of history that until recently were “uncomfortable” (and in Soviet times banned for research), such as human losses, extremely high mortality of the civilian population from hunger, forcibly transferred to special settlements, - began to be reflected in the construction of monuments, memorable places. The location of these monuments is specific - they were erected at a certain distance from public places, at the territories of churches (victims of famine, victims of political repressions), which is associated with the predicted ambiguity of their perception.
The philosophical problems in modern fiction: The concept of being in E. Schmitt’s "Noah’s child"
Authors: Ivanova Elena , Ivanova Ekaterina
Published: November 2019

The article is devoted to the analysis of the novel by a contemporary writer, E.E. Schmitt “Noah‟s child” in terms of the realization of the important philosophical problems, updated with the time. The novelty of the given material is due primarily to the choice of the author, whose work is still to be reflected. This article examines the philosophical issues of existence implemented at various levels of the literary text: from the title to its symbolism. Drawing on biblical and historical material, in a novelistic genre E. Schmitt managed to present his vision of the problems of faith and disbelief, identity of the nation, the moral choice, etc. While not denying the value of the God in human perception of the world, the writer asserts the idea that the man himself is responsible for all what is happening on the ground and in the society, so the novel “Noah‟s child” can be seen as a passionate appeal to contemporaries to strive for the harmony of coexistence.
Dialectic of essentialism and constructivism in modern sociohumanistic research (illustrated by ethical and religious range of problems)
Authors: Latysheva Zhanna , Arinin Evgeniy , Petev Nikolai , Barashkov Viktor
Published: November 2019

The article defines the possibilities and character of complex application of essentialist and constructivist approaches in the study of socio-humanistic processes and phenomena. Modern scientific methodology should abandon the “shallow”, one-sided rational thinking, incapable of encompassing and comprehending multi-faceted, complex and ambivalent social and individual reality. The study of productivity of interrelated essentialism and constructivism methodologies in concrete scientific inquiry is one of the steps in this direction. The subgoal of this article is to broaden and refine the knowledge regarding the potential linking of essentialist and constructivist attitudes in specific scientific socio-humanistic research. The general goal and novelty of the article is the preparation of theoretical background to develop the current modern version of themultidimensional rationality concept of the human with multifaceted objectives and activity. These goals are reached by determining the productivity/unproductivity of one-sided absolutization of the above approaches in the analysis of modern socio-humanistic processes and phenomena and by clarifying their complementarity and its character. On the basis of addressing essentialist and constructivist traditions of describing Orthodoxy and Christianity at large, consideration of fundamentalism phenomenon in various denominations, comparison of essential and constructivist-mythological approaches to ethic phenomena analysis, the conclusion is made that the tradition of clear division between essentialism and constructivism is becoming irrelevant; comprehensive and therewith multi-criteria analysis of modern socio-humanistic range of problems suggests defining both its permanent essential component and its dynamic, constructing trends. These approaches should be used in their dialectic unity: inviolability of fundamental cultural values and their new “integration” in changing social life conditions every time constitute the most important condition for creative constriction and study of social reality.
Utopia as social psychotherapy
Authors: Ingerlab Michail , Paniotova Taisiya
Published: November 2019

The article considers the approach to modern utopian works as a means of social psychotherapy. This context is currently poorly developed, although for the first time “psychological utopia”, as a society of perfect mental health, was mentioned by A. Maslow.

Utopia, remaining the object of multidisciplinary research, in the era of digitalization and information technology acquires the ability to quicker than before be reflected in the mass consciousness, to acquire the significance of a cultural phenomenon, to determine the values and meanings of the activities of its adherents.

The authors analyze the significance of utopian ideas of rational individualism, techno-utopianism, trans-humanism as ideologies of social movements. The emerging phenomenon of socio-medial psychotherapy is presented for discussion.

The authors conclude that the psychotherapeutic meaning of utopias consists in their openness to the future, the denial of the negative present and the ability to construct socially significant ideals reflected in the individual psychology of contemporaries.
The images of politicians in the language consciousness performed in the English and German newspaper and journalistic discourses
Authors: Lapenkov Denis , Oleinik Olga , Utkina Olga
Published: November 2019

In the modern era of mass politicization of the public consciousness of the media, in addition to forming an opinion on political events, it also performs the function of manipulating the public consciousness. Of particular interest in this influence are the images of leading politicians. Images of politicians in the media influence the formation of opinions about the political situation in the country and in the world as a whole. In order to analyze the images of politicians in the media and to identify the deep meaning in the presentation of images of politicians, the authors of the article turn to text materials of electronic versions of social and political newspapers and magazines (The Guardian, Daily Mail, Telegraph, Focus, Zeit, Spiegel), using the conceptual method analysis and contextual analysis method. The presentation of images of politicians reveals value meanings of sympathy and antipathy. The authors of the article attempt to identify moments in the representation of the images of politicians, where they generate additional meaning that has an emotional impact on public opinion.
Deontologization of culture and identity transformation in the context of a consumer society
Authors: Babakhova Liudmila
Published: November 2019

The article substantiates the point that deontologization of culture as a process of collapse of principal value foundations resulted in the absence of stable worldview guidelines and in the establishment of principles of relativism and pluralism. Cultivation of an unlimited choice in the absence of a value-semantic hierarchy, which is characteristic of the Western European culture organized around mass consumption, has led to the inability to create stable identification models. As a result, one of the main problems of contemporary society has become the loss of a stable, holistic identity by a person. The instability of existence, the loss of value-semantic foundations assigned a task of constant self-construction of identity to a person. The principle of consumption as the dominant feature of modern times characterizes an individual lifestyle of a person. In the process of the historical transition to a consumer society, the source of identity formation shifted from the labour sphere to the sphere of consumption, leisure, entertainment. Self-identification of a person is closely related to consumerism. To a large extent, identity began to be determined by the consumer role rather than the class affiliation. As a result, consumption has become one of the main sources of self-identity. In consumer culture, identity is deprived of a fixed centre and appears as an infinitely transformed, mobile thing shifting into the sphere of individual needs and desires; conscious feeling of oneself as a holistic identity becomes unclaimed. The ideology of consumption determines the lifestyle, preferences and character of a person. The media, which are the main identification tools in modern popular culture, offer models and patterns of behaviour that contribute to the formation of a consumer engaged in the search for the quality of his/her individual life.
Transformation of education in the conditions of the information society development: institutional and cultural aspects
Authors: Danilov Marina , Plotnikov Napoleon
Published: November 2019

The article raises the question of changes affecting the modern education system in the context of the extensive sociocultural transformations that have occurred in recent decades. The main emphasis in considering the changing conditions for the implementation of educational activities is associated with the study of the development processes of the information society. The theoretical premise of the study is the idea of changing the functional balance of the educational sphere, associated with the need for its conformity with modern social challenges. In particular, the article analyzes the relationship between education and training in educational activities. The study also poses the problem of dynamic discrepancies between transformation processes in society and in the educational sphere. The essence of this discrepancy is that the achievements of science and culture with a significant delay become the property of educational activity, and the structure of higher educational institutions often does not meet the need for training specialists in a number of innovative areas. On this background, specialized courses and various network resources, focused on filling the “gaps” of the centralized education system, are becoming relevant. At the end of the article, a conclusion is drawn regarding the main trends in the transformation of education in modern society.
Digital text in the space of modern culture
Authors: Severina Elena , Milkevich Elena
Published: November 2019

The digital text within the domain of modern culture can be studied from the standpoint of the cultural-philosophical approach. It is based on M. Bakhtin’s text-centric conception of dialogism and on the post-structuralism practice of text deconstruction in the conceptions by J. Derrida and R. Barthes. The theories of these scientists reveal some basic principles how to understand the digital text phenomenon and what methods to apply in the analyses of these new cultural practices in the space of digital culture. The reduction of cultural information down to a “digital code” determines the dual logic of the text (the logic of culture and digital logic), which should become the subject of focused cultural studies. The notion of hypertextuality plays a special role in the understanding of the digital text, and the deconstructive practice of reading-writing is considered as a kind of the reader’s ‘material intervention’ into the text. It makes the digital text an ongoing autocommunication of the Author-Reader. This process is grounded on the computer interface metalanguage or cultural metalanguage, which organizes the digital text information in a specific way and influences both the functioning of the text as a cultural object and the way it is perceived by the user.
Hate rhetoric vs trust rhetoric in contemporary public discourse
Authors: Koval Ekaterina , Sychev Andrey , Zhadunova Natalya
Published: November 2019

Modern public discourse is so closely related to power that we can talk about the power of discourse. The value-normative basis of public discourse in most modern societies is human rights and fundamental freedoms. This leads to a high level of not only discursive diversity, but also communicative aggression, one of the most dangerous manifestations of which is the rhetoric of hatred. Although hatred rhetoric in certain communicative contexts and situations can perform useful functions based on violence, it hinders the achievement of such ideals of public discourse as the public good and justice. For this reason, in most states, the use of hate speech in public discourse is prohibited or restricted. However, the state, as a rule, finds itself in a difficult situation of a compromise between freedom of speech and social equality. On the one hand, it should ensure freedom of speech, especially in political debate; on the other hand, the state has a duty to protect discriminated and stigmatized groups. It is extremely difficult to find such a compromise using exclusively legal mechanisms, therefore, other strategies are required to squeeze out the rhetoric of hatred from public space. One of these strategies is the expanded reproduction of social trust, the accumulation of social capital, entailing a natural transition from the rhetoric of hatred to the rhetoric of trust. It is hardly possible to make such a transition without conflict, therefore, the use of compromise and consensus mechanisms is required (compromise is preferable).
Social culture as the basis of the teacher’s activity in inclusive education system of the university
Authors: Legkonogih Alexander , Mezinova Galina , Popova Svetlana , Ribalka Yulia
Published: November 2019

The purpose of the article is to reveal the essence of social culture as an integral part of the teaching process in a higher educational institution in the aspect of the inclusive education development and the formation of a high social responsibility of a teacher. The authors identified the main criteria for assessing the social culture of a university in relation to expanding the boundaries of inclusive education and introducing innovative programs within university programs. The study is based on the development of the Code of Inclusive Education Social Culture, Don State Technical University. The results of the study were presented by the authors in scientific publications, who confirm the relevance of inclusion in the educational activities of the university.
Economic person of A. Smith
Authors: Kutepova Lyudmila , Smirnov Roman , Harisova Nuraniya
Published: November 2019

The paper presents a model of the A. Smith economic person and its analysis. The relevance of the study and the author’s interest in the topic is dictated by the desire to contribute in the development of a promising tool for studying the economic behavior of individuals of the economic person concept, as well as the absence, especially in Russia, of works devoted to examining A. Smith’s work from the angle of his teachings about economic person. The purpose of the work is to identify and show the features of A. Smith economic model. The main part of the study presents the basic principles that determine the approach of A. Smith to an economic person. In the section, the results of the study disclose the content of the A. Smith economic model. The characteristic is given to each of the elements developing this model. The specific features of A. Smith economic model are highlighted. The conclusions section provides a general description of A. Smith economic model. It emphasizes its qualitative difference from other, later models of an economic person, which stems from the dominance of an ethical and anthropic component, which implies the priority of the public good over individual gain. In the conclusion section, a result is drawn about the underestimated potential of A. Smith’s model about an economic person, which is a tool for describing and searching for a consensus of people interests employed in the field of industrial relations, outside whose development it is impossible to talk about enriching the nation both then and today.
School environment as a prerequisite for acculturation of migrant children (foreign students) using School № 36, in the city of Perm, Russia, as an example
Authors: Chashchin Elisey , Kolchanov Alexander , Kamyshev Konstantin
Published: November 2019

Consideration of the problem of migrants in education is extremely relevant. To date, the name "multi-ethnic school" is assigned to this type of national Russian school, the contingent of which is up to 15% of the "monoethnic" students who speak Russian at an insufficient level to become the language of instruction in the school. The main result of school education for us is its compliance with the goals of the advanced development of young people. Foreign students in the process of delving into the peculiarities of the Russian language initially see it as a game and thanks to this approach find playful ways to learn. In the future, this skill is subconsciously extrapolated to the rest of their activities. They turn out to be more receptive and adaptive to the changing "rules of the game" than those who were initially immersed in its atmosphere and gradually mastered its rules. On a concrete example, it is considered how the school environment is capable of realizing the conceptual idea of multicultural education.
Phenomenology of reduction of consciousness: comparativist approach
Authors: Bogdanova Veronika
Published: November 2019

The article presents an analysis of the spiritual practices of self-knowledge, based on the method of phenomenological reduction. In the paper, the author describes the features of such practices as methods of "purification" (expansion) of consciousness, liberation from mental, speech and behavioral stereotypes. The phenomenological method, implemented in the spiritual practices of self-knowledge, is aimed at restructuring individual consciousness through the rejection of egocentrism, the elimination of subjective-evaluative activity in relation to the outside world and to oneself. Overcoming egocentrism allows going beyond social and cultural stereotypes, overcoming the disunity of consciousness and being that serves as an obstacle to the reality’s objective perception. The author notes that the phenomenological reduction practice requires constant tension of existential potential, and in the methodological plan for cognitive activity aimed at the study of consciousness, it is necessary, along with epistemological criteria, to develop a number of axiological criteria for this activity.
Cultural subcode transformation “elite - masses” in the era of digitization
Authors: Laufer Konstantin
Published: November 2019

The diversity of human culture is fixed in its codes, that is, in models of relations, behavior and activities of people. Today, in the era of the fourth industrial revolution, one of the system-forming cultural codes - the hierarchical division of society into the elite and the masses is dramatically transformed. Understanding the new cultural realities in the transition of society to a new “digital” state is based on Alexei Leontyev’s theory of consciousness activity and the concept of “ideal” by Evald Ilyenkov. The methods of philosophical reflection analyze the change in the essential characteristics of the cultural subcode "elite - masses" when the conditions of society are changing. This cultural subcode itself is being transformed; a new “technological elite” is emerging based on nano-bio-info-cognitive technologies (NBIC-technologies). At the same time, and thanks to the same technologies and squeezing out the masses of people from the production process, more broadly, from the struggle for existence, the process of mass degradation and the reduction of thinking as a creative activity to stamps, while cliches and memorized patterns of movement are intensifying. Philosophical and culturalological understanding of the consequences of the technological revolution, the transformation of the cultural subcode "elite - masses" is an important area of research into the structure of the new type of social organization that is emerging in our lifetime.
Religion in a medieval European city
Authors: Birk Svetlana
Published: November 2019

Modern megacities are becoming spaces where religious processes unfold most actively. And this poses the problem of studying the functioning of religion in urban space. Cities always were religious centers, religion defined social behavior, but the specificity of the urban way of life left its mark on religion and influenced religious evolution. This article attempts to explore the interaction of religion and the urban environment in its wide historical context. The conditions for the existence of a historical religion (Christianity) in a medieval European city contributed to the transition of religion to a new stage of historical evolution - to the emergence of an “early modern religion” (Protestantism), which led to a radical disenchantment of the social world and the concentration of religiosity in the human inner world. A new type of religiosity, embodied in Protestantism, has become one of the factors contributing to the modernization process.
Was macht einen guten Therapeuten aus?
Authors: Heinonen Erkki
Published: November 2019

Obwohl Psychotherapie wirksam ist, sind die Ergebnisse heterogen. Seit Längerem werden auch Unterschiede zwischen Psychotherapeuten untersucht 1. Nach statistischen Schätzungen haben TherapeutInnen einen systematischen Anteil an der Erklärung des therapeutischen Ergebnisses von etwa 5 % 2. Diese Therapeuten-Effekte sind vermutlich außerhalb von Studien noch stärker. Eine dringliche Aufgabe ist daher, die Therapeutenmerkmale besser zu verstehen, die die Unterschiede erklären können.
Manuale in der Psychotherapie – ein schillerndes Thema
Authors: Willutzki Ulrike , Andermann Laura
Published: November 2019

Vielfach spricht man über Manuale und manualisierte Psychotherapie. Aber: Was ist eigentlich unter Manualen zu verstehen? Ab wann ist die Beschreibung eines therapeutischen Vorgehens ein Manual? Wo werden Vorteile, wo eher Nachteile von Manualen gesehen? Warum scheint es so schwierig, Manuale angemessen umzusetzen? Der Beitrag geht diesen Fragen mit Blick in die Gesundheitspolitik und die Aus- und Weiterbildung von PsychotherapeutInnen nach.
Ethik als notwendige Basiskompetenz von Psychotherapeuten
Authors: Trachsel Manuel
Published: November 2019

Da ethische Fragen und Konflikte in der Psychotherapie omnipräsent sind, ist eine Psychotherapie erst dann gut, wenn diese ethischen Aspekte einbezogen werden. Psychotherapie-Ethik als Wissenschaft vom moralischen Urteilen und Handeln in der Psychotherapie ist daher eine wichtige Voraussetzung für professionelles klinisches Arbeiten und sollte als Basiskompetenz von Psychotherapeuten systematisch vermittelt werden.
Evidenzbasierte-personalisierte Psychotherapie: psychometrisches Feedback in der Praxis
Authors: Deisenhofer Anne-Katharina , Boyle Kaitlyn , Lutz Wolfgang
Published: November 2019

Technische Entwicklungen der letzten 20 Jahre eröffnen neue Chancen und Möglichkeiten in Bezug auf Datenerhebungen, grafische Verlaufsrückmeldungen und Unterstützungsmöglichkeiten in der psychotherapeutischen Praxis. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über den aktuellen Stand der Feedbackforschung und zeigt, wie eine evidenzbasierte und personalisierte Psychotherapiepraxis mit psychometrischem Feedback aussehen kann.
Fibrous Hamartoma of Infancy in the Scrotum
Authors: Stepančec Hrvoje , Kokot Zoran , Keretić Draženko , Radiković Sandra , Grgurović Donat
Published: November 2019

Fibrous hamartoma of infancy is a solid benign tumor of the subcutis, which usually occurs within the first 2 years of life. It predominantly occurs in males, and is clinically presented as a solid, painless, well-limited subcutaneous formation, tending to grow, and in most cases without any symptoms. It occurs in various locations. The aim of this case report was to present a case of a rare tumor of infancy in the scrotal region, in an 8-month-old male infant, with a nonspecific clinical picture, suggestive of a malignant formation, thus presenting a diagnostic challenge for a doctor. The tumor was completely removed. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological analysis. One year after the surgical procedure, a follow-up ultrasonography examination showed no relapse.
A Comparison between Pediatric and Adult Patients after Cranioplasty: Aseptic Bone Resorption Causes Earlier Revision in Children
Authors: Göttsche Jennifer , Fritzsche Friederike , Kammler Gertrud , Sauvigny Thomas , Westphal Manfred , Regelsberger Jan
Published: November 2019

Background and Study Aims/Objective Cranioplasty, a common neurosurgical intervention following decompressive craniectomy (DC), is associated with high complication rates. Bone flap resorption in particular leads to a considerable number of patients requiring further surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and time of occurrence of complications following cranioplastic procedures in children and adults.

Material and Methods Data of children and adults who underwent cranioplasty between July 2010 and March 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. Clinical data, complications, and risk factors regarding aseptic bone resorption (ABR) were evaluated including patient age, occurrence of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus, and number of fragments in autologous bone flaps.

Results Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) was the leading cause for DC among children (66.7%), associated with a significantly higher number of fragments (p = 0.002). In the adult population, the most common cause was malignant infarction (55.9%) followed by TBI (24.6%). Pediatric patients in our institution received autologous bone flaps less frequently than adult patients (61.1% and 83.1%, respectively). Young age and a higher number of fragments in autologous bone flaps were associated with the occurrence of ABR. Children and adolescents showed significantly higher rates of aseptic bone necrosis (p = 0.007) and revision cranioplasty (p = 0.036). Kaplan-Meier estimates were used to further analyze bone flap resorption in children and adults, showing that revision surgery due to ABR was performed earlier in children (p = 0.001, log-rank test).

Conclusion Pediatric patients demand specific care when cranioplasty is performed following DC. We identified age as an independent risk factor. The higher number of fragments appears to be a correlation due to the higher number of TBIs in children. Our data indicate that young age is the most important risk factor for the development of ABR as a frequent and early complication with a shorter revision-free time interval in children. Consequently, the uncritical use of cryopreserved autologous bone flaps should be questioned in this population.
Anemia of Prematurity and Oral Feeding Milestones in Premature Infants
Authors: Viswanathan Sreekanth , Jadcherla Sudarshan
Published: November 2019

Objective Anemia of prematurity (AOP) and oral feeding problems are common in premature infants. This study aimed to determine the influence of AOP on aerodigestive outcomes and the duration to full Per Oral (PO).

Study Design Prospectively collected data on premature infants who initiated oral feeds at ≤ 34 weeks' postmenstrual age were examined. Infants were categorized into “AOP+” and “AOP−” based on hematocrit at initial PO, that is, < 29 or ≥ 29%.

Results Forty-four infants in AOP+ compared with 74 in AOP−. AOP+ infants had lower birth gestation and weight (p < 0.001). The anthropometrics at initial PO were similar. AOP+ had lower mean hematocrit and higher oxygen need at initial PO, and at full PO (p < 0.05). AOP+ reached full PO at a later gestation and took longer days from initial PO to full PO (p < 0.01). BPD, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH ≤ 2), and hospital stay were greater in the AOP+ (p < 0.05). After adjusting for covariates, initial PO hematocrit was not predictive of time to full PO [hazard ratio 1.3 (CI 0.88–2.0), p = 0.18].

Conclusion AOP is not independently associated with the duration to full PO. Supplemental oxygen for associated comorbidities may have compensated for the underlying anemia.
Application of Cationic Conjugated Polymer–Outer Membrane Vesicle Complexes in Inhibiting Red Blood Cell Aggregation
Authors: He Ping , Zhang Endong , Qi Ruilian , Lv Fengting , Liu Libing , Wang Shu
Published: November 2019

Cationic conjugated polymers (CCPs) have been attracting a lot of attention in biomedical applications because of their good photoelectric properties and good cell viability. However, positively charged components may reduce the electrostatic repulsion among red blood cells (RBCs) and induce RBC aggregation, which may lead to thrombus. Herein, in this work, we prepared the complexes of CCPs and outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) to inhibit RBC aggregation induced by CCPs and improve the biocompatibility of CCPs. A poly(fluorene-co-phenylene) derivative (PFP), a poly(p-phenylenevinylene) derivative (PPV), and a poly(thiophene) derivative (PMNT) were chosen as the model CCPs, and OMVs were used as the representative of a cell membrane. The CCP–OMV complexes were formed mainly driven by electrostatic interactions. Besides, the electrostatic CCP–OMV complexes were proved to be able to prevent the RBC aggregation induced by CCPs while maintaining the hydrophobic interactions between CCPs and RBCs.
Musicogenic Epilepsy: Clinical Features, Pathophysiology, and Review of Literature
Authors: Marashly Ahmad
Published: November 2019

Musicogenic epilepsy is a special type of reflex epilepsy characterized by recurring seizures in response to hearing-specific musical triggers. Clinical features include focal dyscognitive seizures with typical temporal lobe semiology, normal structural brain imaging, functional imaging abnormalities in wide regions of the brain responsible for emotional and musical processing, variable locations of seizure onset within the temporal lobe, and in refractory cases good response to surgery. Musicogenic epilepsy is poorly understood from a pathophysiological standpoint and thus reflects the complexity of brain networks responsible for auditory, emotional, and cognitive functions.
Esophageal Lung in a Preterm Boy—Report on a Multidisciplinary Treatment
Authors: Villamizar Enrique , Villamizar Maria Daniela Moreno , Ciro Mauricio Pedraza , Pulido Jean , Rodriguez Maria , Villamizar Juan Carlos
Published: November 2019

Esophageal lung is a rare entity that results from embryological alterations during the formation of the ventral wall of the anterior intestine. The clinical manifestations of this pathology are vague, including respiratory or digestive symptoms, repetitive respiratory infections, dysphagia, or inability to swallow. The management is based on the exact anatomical and vascular abnormalities. We report the diagnostic and therapeutic approach in a preterm boy with esophageal lung. Also, we present a three-dimensional model for the classification of this pathology. In conclusion, the management relies on proper definition of the anatomy and the surgical strategy.
Magnetic Resonance Evaluation of Pelvic Mass Lesions in Females with Histopathological Correlation: An Institutional Experience
Authors: Ravikanth Reddy
Published: November 2019

Introduction Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often used in the detection and staging of large pelvic masses. Many large masses in the female pelvis arise from the reproductive organs. These pelvic masses most commonly arise from the uterus, cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubes.

Objective This study was aimed to assess the role of MRI in female pelvic mass lesions. Also, it presents a pictorial review of MRI images of such pelvic masses.

Materials and Methods This study was conducted on 50 female patients with clinically suspected pelvic masses at physical examination and referred for MRI at a tertiary care hospital over a 2-year period between July 2017 and June 2019.

Results Most common lesions evaluated on imaging were benign uterine lesions (15 cases, 34.09%), benign adnexal lesions (13 cases, 29.54%), malignant adnexal (10 cases, 22.73%), malignant uterine cervical lesions (6 cases, 13.64%); two cases had indeterminate type lesions, two lesions proved to be normal bowel loops on MRI, and in two cases MRI could not be performed. Cystic lesions were commonly seen in adnexa (15 out 21) while solid lesions were common in uterine cervical region (18 out 23). Out of these, 14 were complex cystic adnexal masses and 10 were malignant. Uterine cervical lesions were carcinoma cervix. Better assessment with improved imaging capability was possible on MRI for invasion of surrounding structures in 10 cases, lymphadenopathy in 3 cases, ascites in 13 cases, peritoneal implant in 6 cases, encasement in 1 case, and distant metastases in 1 case.

Conclusion In conclusion, pelvic mass lesions in females are more common above the age of 45 years. Adnexal masses are usually cystic, while the uterine masses are solid in texture. As the complexity and size of the cystic adnexal masses increases, there are increased chances of malignancy. Pretreatment staging and assessment of malignancy, invasion of surrounding structures, encasement, invasion of vessels or assessment of lymphadenopathy, peritoneal implant, ascites, and distant metastases are better appreciated by MRI.
The Olerud Extensile Anterior Approach for Complex Distal Femoral Fractures: A Systematic Review
Authors: Khlopas Anton , Samuel Linsen T. , Sultan Assem A. , Yao Benjamin , Billow Damien G. , Kamath Atul F.
Published: November 2019

The management of AO/OTA (AO Foundation/Orthopaedic Trauma Association) 33-C3 complex distal femoral fractures presents challenges for orthopaedic surgeons. The extensile anterior approach may be an appropriate alternative treatment technique. The purpose of this systematic review is to (1) evaluate the Olerud approach (extensile anterior approach) for the treatment of 33-C3 complex distal femoral fractures and (2) evaluate postoperative patient outcomes. A systematic literature search was performed to retrieve studies that evaluated the treatment of 33-C3 complex distal femoral fractures. The PubMed database query resulted in 429 studies. Two reviewers independently reviewed the studies, of which six were identified. Patient demographics, AO/OTA fracture, surgical intervention, follow-up duration, clinical outcomes, and postoperative complications were collected and analyzed. The systematic review included six studies reporting on 85 patients (43 males and 42 females); the mean patient age was 45 years (range: 16–101 years). The most common cause of injury was road/traffic accident (51 patients). The mean follow-up time was 26 months (range: 3–72 months). In five studies, the mean time for union was 5.8 months (range: 2–9 months). The three most commonly reported complications were infection (seven [8.2%] patients), failure/malunion (three [3.5%] patients), and delayed tibial tuberosity osteotomy healing (three [3.5%] patients). Seventy (82.4%) patients did not suffer any postoperative complications. Out of 72 patients, 7 (9.7%) had resultant varus/valgus deformity. Overall, 57.1% had excellent/good functional outcomes. Based on the systematic literature review, the extensile anterior approach may be a viable alternative surgical option for 33-C3 complex distal femoral fractures. Given the current literature, more comprehensive and extensive studies need to be performed to ensure the best possible outcome.
Bi-chromatic adiabatic shells for atom interferometry
Authors: Mas Hector , Pandey Saurabh , Vasilakis Georgios , von Klitzing Wolf
Published: November 2019

Free space atom-interferometry traditionally suffers from the large distances that atoms have to fall in order to achieve long interaction times. Trapped atom interferometry is emerging as a powerful way of achieving long interaction times in a reduced experimental volume. Here, we demonstrate bi-chromatic adiabatic magnetic shell traps as a novel tool for matterwave interferometry. We dress the magnetic hyperfine states of the F = 1 and F = 2 Rubidium 87 Bose–Einstein Condensates thus creating two independently controllable shell traps of which we use the

∣
F
=
1
,

m

¯

F

=
−
1
〉

and

∣
F
=
2
,

m

¯

F

=
1
〉

adiabatic states. Using microwave pulses, we put atoms originally loaded into one of the two shell-traps into a superposition between the two shell traps. Since the two traps can be manipulated independently, their position and vertical curvature can be matched, thus creating a good starting point for an atom interferometer. This interferometer can be sensitive to spatially varying electric or magnetic fields, which could be DC or RF magnetic fields or microwaves. We demonstrate that the trap-matching afforded by the independent control of the shell traps allows for a tenfold increase in coherence times when compared to adiabatic potentials created by a single RF-frequency. For large-radius shells the atoms are confined to a 2D surface enabling highly sensitive imaging matterwave interferometers.
Finding spin glass ground states using quantum walks
Authors: Callison Adam , Chancellor Nicholas , Mintert Florian , Kendon Viv
Published: November 2019

Quantum computation using continuous-time evolution under a natural hardware Hamiltonian is a promising near- and mid-term direction toward powerful quantum computing hardware. We investigate the performance of continuous-time quantum walks as a tool for finding spin glass ground states, a problem that serves as a useful model for realistic optimization problems. By performing detailed numerics, we uncover significant ways in which solving spin glass problems differs from applying quantum walks to the search problem. Importantly, unlike for the search problem, parameters such as the hopping rate of the quantum walk do not need to be set precisely for the spin glass ground state problem. Heuristic values of the hopping rate determined from the energy scales in the problem Hamiltonian are sufficient for obtaining a better quantum advantage than for search. We uncover two general mechanisms that provide the quantum advantage: matching the driver Hamiltonian to the encoding in the problem Hamiltonian, and an energy redistribution principle that ensures a quantum walk will find a lower energy state in a short timescale. This makes it practical to use quantum walks for solving hard problems, and opens the door for a range of applications on suitable quantum hardware.
General nature of the step-induced frustration at ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic interfaces: topological origin and quantitative understanding
Authors: Chen X , Ji T Z , Sun L , Miao B F , Millev Y T , Ding H F
Published: November 2019

We present a study of the magnetic configuration due to step-induced magnetic frustration at ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic (FM/AFM) interfaces. At a substrate monatomic step edge, a 180° domain wall emerges. A physically appealing form for the thickness dependence of the domain wall width is obtained. It follows a universal behaviour in the whole thickness range, from ultrathin film to bulk and in both cases of an AFM domain wall on top of the FM layer and a FM domain wall on top of an AFM substrate. In the ultrathin limit of the capping layer, the domain wall grows linearly with the slope depending only on the ratio of the inter-layer and intra-layer Heisenberg exchange constants, regardless of the presence of magneto-crystalline anisotropy. These findings are in good agreement with previous experimental observations. As the thickness grows beyond the ultrathin regime, the corresponding thickness dependence departs from linearity and tends to its bulk value. The analytical insights are supported by conclusive numerical simulations of two independent varieties, namely, the Monte Carlo method which also includes the growth kinetics and the object oriented micromagnetic framework based micromagnetic simulations. While the quantitative details of the study are naturally dependent on the specific material parameters of the complex magnetic system, the global features of the spin texture in the capping layer are dictated by the topological step-edge defect. The latter in itself is quantifiable by a winding number of

±

1
2

.