bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UNDERWATER PROCESSING WITH AND WITHOUT ADDED CALCIUM INFLUENCES SHELF LIFE QUALITY OF FRESH‐CUT CANTALOUPE
Authors: LAMIKANRA O. , BETT‐GARBER K.L. , WATSON M.A. , INGRAM D.A.
Published: April 2010

The effect of processing cantaloupe melon while submerged underwater on the fresh‐cut fruit quality was determined. Total plate, coliform, yeast and mold counts were lower in underwater processed fruit after 1 day storage, but were not significantly different after 7 days. Dissolved calcium in the treatment water reduced microbial growth in cut fruit over the storage period of 14 days. Sensory evaluation indicated increased fruity/melon intensity and decreased rancid/painty intensity of underwater processed fruit. Peroxidase activity increased in underwater processed fruit and presence of calcium in treatment fluid elevated this effect. Underwater processed fruit respired less during storage at 10C. Results indicate an increased defense response as a result of underwater processing that is enhanced by the presence of calcium ions in the treatment fluid.

PRACTICAL APPLICATION

The increased demand for fresh‐cut fruit has lead to the need for longer shelf life quality. This research details a novel method of boosting the quality of fresh‐cut cantaloupe utilizing novel cutting methods and GRAS processing aids that disrupt the normal cycle of senescence in wounded fruit. These methods can be used by the small processor or adapted for large processors.
PHYSICO‐CHEMICAL ANALYSES, SENSORY EVALUATION AND POTENTIAL OF MINIMAL PROCESSING OF PEJIBAYE (BACTRIS GASIPAES) COMPARED TO MASCARENES PALMS
Authors: JOAS J. , LE BLANC M. , BEAUMONT C. , MICHELS T.
Published: April 2010

A palm species native of South America, pejibaye (Bactris gasipaes), was recently introduced in Reunion Island in an attempt to diversify its agriculture. Morphological analyses highlighted the agronomic advantages of pejibaye including a high weight‐to‐harvest‐date ratio compared to three mascarenes palm species. Sensory analyses by a trained panel allowed the elaboration of sensory profiles of the four palms tested. Ranking test done by 120 consumers revealed that pejibaye was preferred to the Mascarenes palms at the 5% level of significance and triangle test showed that Acanthophoenix rubra (red palm), the most cultivated species for the local market, was significantly different from pejibaje at the 1% level. Phenolic profiles revealed that pejibaye differed from the other species by a peak absorbing at 272 nm and weak polyphenol oxidase activities. As no browning reaction was observed in fresh cut pejibaye, this palm could be used for minimal processing (local and export market).

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

Sensorial characteristics of fresh hearts of palm are different of those of canned heart of palm, and fresh heart palms are generally preferred by consumers. However, the marketing of fresh palm is limited by the high level of oxidation of most of palm species. The high stability of pejibaye after cutting and its slow rate of oxidation offer the possibility of minimal processing, without special additives. So the packaging in wrapped trays of this palm, cut and stored at low temperature opens up new perspectives, ensuring sensorial quality of a “fresh” product with a shelf life allowing a controlled management of market supply.
DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF REFLECTANCE SPECTRA OF HAKE (MERLUCCIUS AUSTRALIS), SALMON (SALMO SALAR) AND LIGHT AND DARK MUSCLE FROM TUNA (THUNNUS THYNNUS)
Authors: SÁNCHEZ‐ZAPATA E. , PÉREZ‐ALVAREZ J.A. , FERNÁNDEZ‐LÓPEZ J. , BARBER‐VALLES J.X.
Published: April 2010

The reflectance spectra of foods constitutes a simple, non‐destructive physical method with potential applications in the industry. Color is the most valued properties for customers when buying fresh fish, so that its characterization is important for setting objective quality criteria that can be easily applied at all levels of the production and distribution chain. In this work the reflectance spectra and CIEL*a*b* coordinates of fresh muscle in hake, salmon and tuna (light and dark muscle) it was described. Hake, salmon and the dark tuna muscle show a zone of the spectrum (between 600 and 740 nm) with no significant (P > 0.05) differences between the reflectance percentages, which may be taken as characteristic of fresh fish muscle. The light tuna muscle shows a plateau between 700 and 740 nm, while the dark muscle presents a further two plateaus between 390 and 440 nm and between 470 and 510 nm.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

The study of the reflectance spectra of fish is a method with many potential applications in the food industry. Spectrum shape is characteristic of each fish. For this reason, a study of the reflectance spectra of the “fresh meat” of commercially interesting fish species could be of value as tool for characterizing fish and fish products. In each case it will be necessary to identify the characteristic wavelengths or spectral regions that provide the “digital footprint” of the species in question. Its characterization is important for setting objective quality criteria that can be easily applied at all levels of the production and distribution chain.
CHANGES IN FIRMNESS AND PECTIC POLYSACCHARIDE SOLUBILITY IN THREE CULTIVARS OF STRAWBERRY FRUIT FOLLOWING SHORT‐TERM EXPOSURE TO HIGH PCO2
Authors: MATSUMOTO KAZUHIRO , HWANG YONG SOO , LEE CHUNG HYUN , HUBER DONALD J.
Published: April 2010

Fruit of three genetically related strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne) cultivars, “Akihime”, “Seolhyang”, and “Maehyang”, were exposed to 100 kPa CO2 for 4 h at 4C to determine the residual influence on firmness during storage at 4C. Fruit firmness increased significantly in all cultivars in response to high CO2, from 97% in “Maehyang” to 66% in “Akihime.” Firmness increases were evident 24 h following 100 kPa CO2 exposures and persisted over 3 days at 4C. Fruit exposed to high pCO2 showed significant quantitative shifts in soluble pectin fractions, with increases of 44.8–66.7% in chelator‐soluble pectins and declines of 14.6–22.1% in water‐soluble pectins and 8.4–21.0% in Na2CO3‐soluble pectins. Changes to matrix glycans were unremarkable except in “Maehyang”, which showed 10–13% declines in 4% alkali‐soluble glycans and 8.5–13% increases in 24% alkali‐soluble glycans. Mol mass of the water‐ and chelator‐soluble pectin fractions was minimally affected by high pCO2. The increases in firmness and changes in pectin solubility patterns in response to CO2 are among the highest reported for strawberry fruit.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

The strawberry is among the most perishable of harvested fruits, experiencing rapid softening and general deterioration even at temperatures near 0C. Since strawberries do not ripen postharvest, they must be harvested when nearly full‐ripe, and during storage and handling are subject to high water loss, bruising, and decay. Alternative means of handling harvested strawberry fruit are being investigated. Strawberry firmness can be enhanced by treatment with high levels of carbon dioxide; however, long exposures to the gas can result in discoloration and fermentative metabolism. In these experiments, we demonstrate that fruit from three Asian strawberry cultivars show significantly and persistently enhanced firmness in response to a 4‐h exposure to 100 kPa CO2. This response is accompanied by highly significant changes in solubility of specific pectin fractions. Short‐term, high CO2 treatments could have application for extending shelf‐life and facilitating long‐distance transport of appropriate cultivars of strawberry fruit.
Is there an association between neurocognitive performance and medication adherence in first episode psychosis?
Authors: Lepage Martin , Bodnar Michael , Joober Ridha , Malla Ashok
Published: April 2010

Aim: Medication adherence is a determining factor for symptomatic remission and relapse prevention following a first episode of psychosis (FEP). Neurocognitive abilities have received only scant attention so far as a risk factor for poor adherence but significant impairments with memory and/or planning abilities could play a role. We examined early medication adherence following admission to a specialized clinical programme for FEP.

Method: One hundred sixty FEP participants and 35 healthy controls completed an exhaustive neurocognitive assessment. FEP participants were categorized as a function of their medication adherence at 6 months into poor (n = 34), partial (n = 27) and full (n = 99) adherence, respectively. Domain‐specific and global measures of cognitive ability were examined.

Results: No measure of neurocognition could significantly discriminate amongst the three medication adherence groups.

Conclusion: These results suggest no strong associations between neurocognitive abilities and medication adherence in first episode of psychosis.
Psychological well‐being among individuals with first‐episode psychosis
Authors: Uzenoff Sarah R. , Brewer Katherine C. , Perkins Diana O. , Johnson David P. , Mueser Kim T. , Penn David L.
Published: April 2010

Aim: Psychological well‐being is a subjective component of quality of life (QOL) that has been previously unexplored in individuals recovering from an initial psychotic episode. This study examined predictors of psychological well‐being among individuals with first‐episode psychosis (FEP) and compared it to a non‐clinical college‐aged comparison group.

Methods: The Scales of Psychological Well‐Being (SPWB) Environmental Mastery and Purpose in Life subscales were administered to both clinical (n = 41) and control (n = 39) participants. Clinical participants were also assessed on symptom measures and QOL, and all participants completed a measure of perceived social support. Multiple regression analyses were carried out to determine predictors of well‐being in the FEP sample.

Results: SPWB scores were significantly lower for the FEP group in comparison to the control group. Additionally, greater perceived social support and lower levels of depression were found to be significant predictors of psychological well‐being in the clinical sample, whereas gender and negative symptoms were not significant predictors.

Conclusions: These results suggest that the development of a psychotic episode is associated with decreased subjective well‐being, and that depression and social support may play an important role in this aspect of an individual's recovery. Additionally, the SPWB appear to be tapping into an important construct that has been relatively unexamined in first‐episode research and may have potential utility in clinical practice and future treatment development.
Factors influencing career choices in radiology trainees in Queensland, Australia
Authors: Ip SW , Ko HS , Applegate KE
Published: April 2010

The aim of this study was to investigate factors influencing career choices in radiology trainees. We distributed a 27‐question written survey to all radiology registrars in Queensland. The questions investigated whether radiology was their first specialty choice, career satisfaction, ideal working conditions and attitudes regarding having children during the time of training. Forty‐four of 51 surveys were returned (86% participation rate, 73% men, P = 0.048055) with 100% reporting a high job satisfaction; 28% of male registrars compared to 8% of female registrars did extra work outside of training to earn extra money (P = 0.000003), and 17% of female registrars took a leave of absence during their training, while no male registrar did (P = 0.087923). Only one female trainee worked part‐time (P = 0.272727). In addition, 58% of female registrars planned a pregnancy (P = 0.731789) before completion of training; 83% of women versus 75% of men had no children (P = 0.329263). Only 5% of trainees agreed that it was easy to arrange part‐time training, only 14% stated that it was easy to negotiate flexible work schedules and 7% agreed that it was easy to return to work after a period of absence. ‘Time spent with immediate family’ was rated the most important lifestyle factor, followed by ‘work hours’ and ‘on‐call duty’. The least important factors were ‘being away from extended family’, ‘availability of part‐time work’ and whether ‘work was in a rural location’. Overall job satisfaction is high among radiology trainees. Nevertheless, lifestyle factors, particularly those related to work time, are becoming more important for career decisions. This should be taken into account when designing and structuring radiology training to ensure that it is considered an attractive career choice.
Internal‐external percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage for malignant biliary obstruction: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Westwood DA , Fernando C , Connor SJ
Published: April 2010

When percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) is required for the management of malignant biliary obstruction, the local policy favours the use of internal–external drains. Regular planned drain exchanges are scheduled, and patients have open access back into the system to minimise complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the success and complication rate of this method for the palliation of malignant biliary obstruction. The hospital records of 43 consecutive patients who underwent PTBD for malignant biliary obstruction at a single institution between 1 February 2004 and 31 January 2006 were reviewed. Outcomes were examined until January 2008. Biliary decompression was achieved in all 43 patients. The level of obstruction was defined as distal in 24 patients and perihilar in 19 patients. There was one procedure‐related death. There were 91 routine outpatient drain exchanges performed at a median interval of 45 (range 21–64) days. Overall, 24/43 patients encountered 80 discrete complications related to biliary drainage. Fifty‐two non‐scheduled drain exchanges (accounting for 65% of all complications) were performed on an outpatient basis. Fourteen patients were readmitted on a median of one (range 1–3) occasion for a median duration of 3 (range 1–12) days. Median survival was 71 (range 7–850) days. PTBD can be performed with low mortality, but long‐term morbidity remains high despite an aggressive approach to maintaining biliary patency. Providing patients with an open‐access service means the majority of complications can be dealt with on an outpatient basis.
Abdomen's forgotten organ: Sonography and CT of focal splenic lesions
Authors: Sutherland T , Temple F , Hennessy O , Lee W‐K
Published: April 2010

Focal lesions within the spleen are being increasingly recognized as imaging technologies advance, and often provide a diagnostic challenge for radiologists. Knowledge of the types of pathologies that occur, determination of solid or cystic nature and a search for characteristic features including correlation with extrasplenic findings can usually allow a specific diagnosis or brief differential to be offered.
Tuberculous meningitis presenting as isolated interhemispheric exudates
Authors: Bharath RD , Sinha S , Vasudev MK , Ravishankar S , Chandrashekar N
Published: April 2010

The total number of tuberculosis cases in the world is increasing, and less common forms of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) with varying imaging manifestations are being encountered more often. We describe anterior interhemispheric variety of TBM, which has not been previously described to the best of our knowledge in the literature. Common imaging findings in these five patients include predominant involvement of the meninges in the anterior interhemispheric fissure with relatively little enhancement of the basal cisterns. Knowledge of uncommon radiological findings is vital in early diagnosis and treatment of this common disease.
The use of magnetic resonance imaging for image‐guided brachytherapy
Authors: Barkati M , Van Dyk S , Foroudi F , Narayan K
Published: April 2010

Progress has been made in the delivery of brachytherapy, from low‐dose rate (LDR) to high‐dose rate (HDR) treatments, allowing for dose optimisation, conformal treatments, improved radiation protection, and improved accuracy and efficiency. Image‐guided brachytherapy, incorporating spatial and temporal changes, is now possible with advanced imaging and treatment technology. This report reviews the evidence for the benefits of image‐guided brachytherapy using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), mainly for cervix and prostate cancer, but also possibilities for other tumour sites. It also emphasises the need for a dedicated MRI unit for brachytherapy.
Reduction of irradiated small bowel volume with Trendelenburg position in gynecologic pelvic radiotherapy
Authors: Dirier A , Adli M , Andic F , Cifci S , Ors Y , Kuzhan A
Published: April 2010

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Trendelenburg position in comparison to prone position on small bowel volume and treatment dose in gynecologic pelvic external beam radiotherapy using three‐dimensional conformal treatment plans. Eight patients with gynecologic cancers, treated with definitive or postoperative pelvic radiotherapy were investigated. Pelvic computerized tomography (CT) scans for treatment planning were performed in prone and 25 degree Trendelenburg positions for each patient. The dose‐volume histograms of small bowel within the treatment fields were obtained and compared for both positions. The clinical target volume (CTV) and the planning target volume (PTV) were also defined and evaluated in the subjects. Treatment dose was 5040 cGy to PTV with 180 cGy daily fraction doses in both techniques for all patients. The average irradiated small bowel volume was 726 cc for prone position and 458 cc for the Trendelenburg position. The average irradiated small bowel volume reduction in the Trendelenburg position was 38.0% (95% CI 19.5 ± 38%) compared with the prone position. The average small bowel percent dose was 25.4% (1280 cGy) for Trendelenburg position and 39.9% (2010 cGy) for prone position. PTV doses were similar in both techniques. The results of this dosimetric study suggest that gynecologic pelvic radiotherapy in the Trendelenburg position decreases the volume of irradiated small bowel compared to prone position and may decrease treatment related small bowel morbidity. Clinical benefit of this position should be evaluated in further clinical studies.
Some Geographic Observations on Mongolia: Lessons from a Decade of Field Work
Authors: McColl R. W.
Published: April 2010

We welcome you to this special issue on geographic research in Mongolia, put together by FOCUS guest editor Dr. Robert W. McColl, Professor and Chair, Department of Geography, University of Kansas, in Lawrence, Kansas USA. In addition to his historic works on China and Central Asia, he also is the only American to be made an Honorary Member of the Institute of Geography, Mongolian Academy of Sciences.
THE MONGOLIAN WILD HORSE
Authors: Kolbas Judith
Published: April 2010

Independent scholar Dr. Judith Kolbas has reviewed Mongolian and European history, literature and mythology in order to assemble this captivating account of a romantic and elusive species.
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems: Their Use in Mongolia
Authors: Ganzorig M.
Published: April 2010

The Center for GeoInformatics and Remote Sensing is providing Mongolia with information essential to good planning. Dr. Ganzorig and his students combine field studies with satellite data, for ecological insight about the country's most remote and most urbanized locations.
MONGOLIA'S ROLE IN PRESERVING WORLD BIODIVERSITY
Authors: Chimed‐Ochir B.
Published: April 2010

B. Chimed‐Ochir is Head of the Project Office, World Wide Fund for Nature, in Ulaanbaatar. He has worked for a variety of other agencies associated with biodiversity and environmental protection.
The Primate Life History Database: a unique shared ecological data resource
Authors: Strier Karen B. , Altmann Jeanne , Brockman Diane K. , Bronikowski Anne M. , Cords Marina , Fedigan Linda M. , Lapp Hilmar , Liu Xianhua , Morris William F. , Pusey Anne E. , Stoinski Tara S. , Alberts Susan C.
Published: April 2010

1. The importance of data archiving, data sharing and public access to data has received considerable attention. Awareness is growing among scientists that collaborative databases can facilitate these activities.

2. We provide a detailed description of the collaborative life history database developed by our Working Group at the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center to address questions about life history patterns and the evolution of mortality and demographic variability in wild primates.

3. Examples from each of the seven primate species included in our database illustrate the range of data incorporated and the challenges, decision‐making processes, and criteria applied to standardize data across diverse field studies. In addition to the descriptive and structural metadata associated with our database, we also describe the process metadata (how the database was designed and delivered) and the technical specifications of the database.

4. Our database provides a useful model for other researchers interested in developing similar types of databases for other organisms, while our process metadata may be helpful to other groups of researchers interested in developing databases for other types of collaborative analyses.
Schemes over 𝔽1and zeta functions
Authors: Connes Alain , Consani Caterina
Published: April 2010

We determine the real counting functionN(q) (q∈[1,∞)) for the hypothetical ‘curve’$C=\overline {\mathrm {Spec}\,\Z }$over 𝔽1, whose corresponding zeta function is the complete Riemann zeta function. We show that such a counting function exists as a distribution, is positive on (1,∞) and takes the value −∞atq=1 as expected from the infinite genus ofC. Then, we develop a theory of functorial 𝔽1-schemes which reconciles the previous attempts by Soulé and Deitmar. Our construction fits with the geometry of monoids of Kato, is no longer limited to toric varieties and it covers the case of schemes associated with Chevalley groups. Finally we show, using the monoid of adèle classes over an arbitrary global field, how to apply our functorial theory of$\Mo $-schemes to interpret conceptually the spectral realization of zeros ofL-functions.
Design and Quick Formability Analysis of Autopanel at Preliminary Design Stage
Authors: Zhibing Zhang , Yuqi Liu , Ting Du
Published: April 2010

An updated inverse approach with discrete Kirchhoff quadrilateral (DKQ) element is proposed to consider actual process conditions such as friction, blank-holder force, pad force, and drawbead restraining force, which improves the calculation accuracy and extends the application scopes of the inverse approach. Based on the updated approach, a trimming line design and flanging analysis method are proposed. These methods can be used in autopanel virtual manufacturing, rapid design, and manufacturing as quick simulation and optimization tools. Some practical examples are presented to verify the accuracy and the efficiency of the methods.
Optical Effects of Surface Finish by Ultraprecision Single Point Diamond Machining
Authors: Li Lei , Collins Stuart A. , Yi Allen Y.
Published: April 2010

The single point diamond turning process has been used extensively for direct optical surface fabrication. However, the diamond machined surfaces have characteristic periodic tool marks, which contribute to reduced optical performance such as scattering and distortion. In this paper, studies of the characteristics of diamond machined surface and scattering from the diamond machined surfaces are presented. Four different parameters, the first order optical diffraction, the zero order reflection, the surface roughness, and the residual tool mark depth, are used as indicators for the machined surface quality. Four sets of tests are presented showing the relationship between machined surface quality and machining conditions such as spindle speed, feedrate, and machining process. Finally, an empirical model is given based on the measurements.
Dynamics and Stability of Five-Axis Ball-End Milling
Authors: Ozturk Erdem , Budak Erhan
Published: April 2010

Being one of the most important problems in machining, chatter vibrations must be avoided as they result in high cutting forces, poor surface finish, and unacceptable part quality. Using stability diagrams is an effective method to predict chatter free cutting conditions. Although there have been numerous works in milling dynamics, the stability of five-axis ball-end milling has not been studied in detail. In this paper, the stability of the five-axis ball-end milling is analyzed using analytical (frequency domain), numerical (time-domain), and experimental methods. The models presented consider 3D dynamics of the five-axis ball-end milling process including the effects of all important process parameters such as the lead and tilt angles. Both single- and multi-frequency solutions are presented. Unlike other standard milling cases, it is observed that adding multi-frequency effects in the solution has marginal influence on the stability diagrams for five-axis ball-end milling operations due to effects of the ball-end milling geometry on the engagement region, thus, on the directional coefficients. The stability limits predicted by single- and multi-frequency methods are compared with time-domain simulations and experiments. Using the models and experimental results, the effects of the lead and tilt angles on the stability diagrams are also shown. The presented models can be used in analysis of five-axis ball-end milling dynamics as well as in the selection of the milling conditions for increased stability.
A Complexity Model for Assembly Supply Chains and Its Application to Configuration Design
Authors: Wang Hui , Ko Jeonghan , Zhu Xiaowei , Hu S. Jack
Published: April 2010

A complexity measure for assembly supply chains has been proposed based on Shannon’s information entropy. This paper extends the definition of such a measure by incorporating the detailed information of the supply chain structure, the number of variants offered by each node in the supply chain, and the mix ratios of the variants at each node. The complexity measure is then applied to finding the optimal assembly supply chain configuration given the number of variants offered at the final assembler and the mix ratios of these variants. The optimal assembly supply chain configuration is theoretically studied in two special scenarios: (1) there is only one dominant variant among all the variants offered by the final assembler, and (2) demand shares are equal across all variants at the final assembler. It is shown that in the first scenario where one variant dominates the demand, the optimal assembly supply chain should be nonmodular; but in the scenario of equal demand shares, a modular supply chain is better than nonmodular one when the product variety is high. Finally a methodology is developed to find the optimal supply chain with/without assembly sequence constraints for general demands.
Experimental Evaluation of Laser-Assisted Micromilling in a Slotting Configuration
Authors: Shelton Jonathan A. , Shin Yung C.
Published: April 2010

Micromilling can be difficult to apply to many engineering materials due to a variety of scaling induced factors including low cutting speeds, high relative tool deflections and runout, and increased material strength at smaller size scales. To alleviate these problems, laser-assisted micromilling (LAMM) was evaluated on Ti6Al4V, AISI 422, and AISI 316 using 100 μm diameter endmills in slotting operations. A three-dimensional transient finite-volume based thermal model was used to analytically predict appropriate process parameters on the basis of material removal temperatures. A two-dimensional finite element model was created and used to show the effects of cutting edge radius, uncut chip thickness, and material removal temperature on the cutting force. A thorough experimental investigation of acoustic emissions (AEs) during LAMM was performed. In particular, the effects of depth of cut, tool wear, and material removal temperature on the root-mean-square of AEs were studied. The effects of LAMM on the machined surface finish and edge burrs were also evaluated.
A Note on Ductile Fracture Criteria in Metal Forming
Authors: Alexandrov Sergei , Lang Lihui
Published: April 2010

This paper deals with some general properties of a ductile fracture criterion, which generalizes two ductile fracture criteria conventionally adopted for metal forming analysis and design. The results are valid for a wide class of material models applicable to both cold and hot metal formings. It is expected that the theoretical features of the fracture criterion emphasized in the present paper can be useful for its experimental verification or for determining its parameters from the experiment.
Modeling of Single-Sided Piercing Riveting Process
Authors: Liu Yuhong , Wang Shuxin , Zhang Lianhong , Zhou Rui , Liu Weijing , Wang P. C.
Published: April 2010

The performance of adhesive bonded subassemblies and vehicle structures strongly depends on not only the properties of the adherends and adhesives but also the gap between the workpieces. An excessive gap between the joined structural elements could result in the joint strength decreased. In this study, a single-sided piercing riveting (SSPR) of workpieces was proposed and analyzed to ensure the part fit-up. The SSPR process has been modeled using the explicit finite element code LS-DYNA. A 3D model including the workpieces, rivet and riveting tools was generated. The model simulates the rivet piercing and deformation of 2 mm thick aluminum alloy AA5052. It was found that rivet speed and rivet leg chamfers are the main factors to influence the gap between the workpieces and consequently the quality of the riveted joints. To minimize the gap between the workpieces and optimizing the joint strength, proper riveting velocity and rivet leg chamfer are recommended.
Analytical Chatter Stability of Milling With Rotating Cutter Dynamics at Process Damping Speeds
Authors: Eynian M. , Altintas Y.
Published: April 2010

This paper presents a chatter stability prediction method for milling flexible workpiece with end mills having asymmetric structural dynamics. The dynamic chip thickness regenerated by the vibrations of the rotating cutter and the fixed workpiece is transformed into the principle modal directions of the rotating tool. The process damping is modeled as a linear function of vibration velocity. The dynamics of the milling system is modeled by a time delay matrix differential equation with time varying directional factors and speed dependent elements. The periodic directional factors are averaged over a spindle period, and the stability of the resulting time invariant but speed dependent characteristic equation of the system is investigated using the Nyquist stability criterion. The stability model is verified with time domain numerical simulations and milling experiments.
Three-Dimensional Modeling of Gas Metal Arc Welding of Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Guo H. , Hu J. , Tsai H. L.
Published: April 2010

A three-dimensional mathematical model and numerical techniques were developed for simulating a moving gas metal arc welding process. The model is used to calculate the transient distributions of temperature and velocity in the weld pool and the dynamic shape of the weld pool for aluminum alloy 6005-T4. Corresponding experiments were conducted and in good agreement with modeling predictions. The existence of a commonly observed cold-weld at the beginning of the weld, ripples at the surface of the weld bead, and crater at the end of the weld were all predicted. The measured microhardness around the weld bead was consistent with the predicted peak temperature and other metallurgical characterizations in the heat-affected zone.
Progressive Die Strip Layout Optimization for Minimum Unbalanced Moments
Authors: Tumkor Serdar , Pochiraju Kishore
Published: April 2010

Progressive die stamping is a forming process that uses a series of stamping stations to perform simultaneous operations as the sheet is transported incrementally through the die. Designing of progressive die sets and evaluation of the operation for highly complex workpieces are time consuming and iterative at the early stages in the product design. The progressive die design starts with 3D modeling of the part and continues with process sequence planning and strip layout. The strip layout is usually performed manually by experienced progressive die designers. This process begins with unfolding the part and constructing the required part geometry with a series of forming operations. In this study, the same process steps have been used to automate the progressive die design for a given part and stamping press capacity. Therefore, the strip layout already considers the scrap and press tonnage minimizations. A genetic algorithm is used to optimize the strip working sequence with the objective of minimizing the moment difference between two sides of the die. A moment-optimum strip layout will extend the life expectancy of the die, and the maintenance cost will be lowered, particularly for high production rate components.
Field emission from N-doped diamond doped with dimethylurea
Authors: Kudo Y. , Sato Y. , Masuzawa T. , Yamada T. , Saito I. , Yoshino T. , Chun W. J. , Yamasaki S. , Okano K.
Published: April 2010

One of the promising applications of diamond is to fabricate cold cathodes utilizing negative electron affinity. In this report, the authors focus on finding a new dopant that enables them to obtain heavily nitrogen-doped diamond with much higher reproducibility. Nitrogen-doped diamond films were grown using dimethylurea as a dopant. The field emission properties of these films were measured and from the analysis using voltage-distance plots, they confirm that the electron emission from nitrogen/carbon=10 000 ppm film originates from the metal-insulator-vacuum-type emission due to its high resistance. The rest of the emitted electrons originate from the valence-band maximum, as is often observed in field emissions from chemical-vapor-deposited diamond.
Brief Suppression of
Abcc8
Prevents Autodestruction of Spinal Cord After Trauma
Authors: Simard J. Marc , Woo S. Kyoon , Norenberg Michael D. , Tosun Cigdem , Chen Zheng , Ivanova Svetlana , Tsymbalyuk Orest , Bryan Joseph , Landsman Douglas , Gerzanich Volodymyr
Published: April 2010

Secondary injury that occurs after trauma to the spinal cord can be prevented by inhibiting expression of the gene that regulates a cation transporter.
Lentiviral Overexpression of GRK6 Alleviates
l
-Dopa–Induced Dyskinesia in Experimental Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Ahmed Mohamed R. , Berthet Amandine , Bychkov Evgeny , Porras Gregory , Li Qin , Bioulac Bernard H. , Carl Yonatan T. , Bloch Bertrand , Kook Seunghyi , Aubert Incarnation , Dovero Sandra , Doudnikoff Evelyne , Gurevich Vsevolod V. , Gurevich Eugenia V. , Bezard Erwan
Published: April 2010

G protein–coupled receptor kinase 6, which promotes desensitization of the dopamine receptor, alleviates dyskinesia without compromising the antiparkinsonian effect of
l
-dopa.
Itraconazole: From Histoplasmosis to Hedgehog Signaling
Authors: Alumkal Joshi
Published: April 2010

The antifungal itraconazole inhibits Hedgehog signaling and growth of Hedgehog signaling–dependent tumors.
You Are What She Ate
Authors: Bentley-Lewis Rhonda
Published: April 2010

Too little protein in the diet of pregnant mice may result in feeding and exercise abnormalities in the offspring that cause adult obesity and diabetes.
A New Look at Longitudinal Data
Authors: Carlson Nichole
Published: April 2010

A Bayesian approach to longitudinal data analysis offers flexibility in modeling complex subject-to-subject variation.
The New "Fingerprint": Bacteria on Your Skin
Authors: Cheng Elaine
Published: April 2010

Skin-associated bacterial communities hold promise for forensic identification.
GEOMETRIC MODULAR ACTION FOR DISJOINT INTERVALS AND BOUNDARY CONFORMAL FIELD THEORY
Authors: LONGO ROBERTO , MARTINETTI PIERRE , REHREN KARL-HENNING
Published: April 2010

In suitable states, the modular group of local algebras associated with unions of disjoint intervals in chiral conformal quantum field theory acts geometrically. We translate this result into the setting of boundary conformal QFT and interpret it as a relation between temperature and acceleration. We also discuss novel aspects ("mixing" and "charge splitting") of geometric modular action for unions of disjoint intervals in the vacuum state.
DECODING GRATING ORIENTATION FROM MICROELECTRODE ARRAY RECORDINGS IN MONKEY CORTICAL AREA V4
Authors: MANYAKOV NIKOLAY V. , VAN HULLE MARC M.
Published: April 2010

We propose an invasive brain-machine interface (BMI) that decodes the orientation of a visual grating from spike train recordings made with a 96 microelectrodes array chronically implanted into the prelunate gyrus (area V4) of a rhesus monkey. The orientation is decoded irrespective of the grating's spatial frequency. Since pyramidal cells are less prominent in visual areas, compared to (pre)motor areas, the recordings contain spikes with smaller amplitudes, compared to the noise level. Hence, rather than performing spike decoding, feature selection algorithms are applied to extract the required information for the decoder. Two types of feature selection procedures are compared, filter and wrapper. The wrapper is combined with a linear discriminant analysis classifier, and the filter is followed by a radial-basis function support vector machine classifier. In addition, since we have a multiclass classification problen, different methods for combining pairwise classifiers are compared.
AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION OF EPILEPTIC AND BACKGROUND EEG SIGNALS USING FREQUENCY DOMAIN PARAMETERS
Authors: FAUST OLIVER , ACHARYA U. RAJENDRA , MIN LIM CHOO , SPUTH BERNHARD H. C.
Published: April 2010

The analysis of electroencephalograms continues to be a problem due to our limited understanding of the signal origin. This limited understanding leads to ill-defined models, which in turn make it hard to design effective evaluation methods. Despite these shortcomings, electroencephalogram analysis is a valuable tool in the evaluation of neurological disorders and the evaluation of overall cerebral activity. We compared different model based power spectral density estimation methods and different classification methods. Specifically, we used the autoregressive moving average as well as from Yule-Walker and Burg's methods, to extract the power density spectrum from representative signal samples. Local maxima and minima were detected from these spectra. In this paper, the locations of these extrema are used as input to different classifiers. The three classifiers we used were: Gaussian mixture model, artificial neural network, and support vector machine. The classification results are documented with confusion matrices and compared with receiver operating characteristic curves. We found that Burg's method for spectrum estimation together with a support vector machine classifier yields the best classification results. This combination reaches a classification rate of 93.33%, the sensitivity is 98.33% and the specificy is 96.67%.
NEW CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT THE MAXWELL–PODOLSKY-LIKE THEORY THROUGH THE SYMPLECTIC EMBEDDING FORMALISM
Authors: ABREU E. M. C. , MENDES A. C. R. , NEVES C. , OLIVEIRA W. , WOTZASEK C. , XAVIER L. M. V.
Published: April 2010

The Podolsky theory can be modified by changing the sign of the Maxwell term. In this case we have a Podolsky-like action with a different spectrum. This new theory was already analyzed by the literature at the propagator level. However, we believe that the results are inconclusive since a precise and entire comprehension, at the Lagrangian level, of this theory is still lacking. In this paper we show in an exact way, using the symplectic embedding formalism, that this Podolsky-like action is in fact dual equivalent to the Proca theory showing the same physical features.
TENSION BETWEEN SCALAR/PSEUDOSCALAR NEW PHYSICS CONTRIBUTION TO Bs → μ+μ- AND B → Kμ+μ-
Authors: ALOK ASHUTOSH KUMAR , DIGHE AMOL , UMA SANKAR S.
Published: April 2010

New physics in the form of scalar/pseudoscalar operators cannot lower the semileptonic branching ratio Br (B → K μ+μ-) below its standard model value. In addition, we show that the upper bound on the leptonic branching ratio Br (Bs → μ+μ-) sets a strong constraint on the maximum value of Br (B → K μ+μ-) in models with multiple Higgs doublets: with the current bound, Br (B → K μ+μ-) cannot exceed the standard model prediction by more than 2.5%. The conclusions hold true even if the new physics couplings are complex. However, these constraints can be used to restrict new physics couplings only if the theoretical and experimental errors in Br (B → K μ+μ-) are reduced to a few per cent. The constraints become relaxed in a general class of models with scalar/pesudoscalar operators.
NEW CONSERVED QUANTITIES FOR THE SPACES OF DIFFERENT CURVATURES
Authors: FEROZE TOOBA
Published: April 2010

It is known that corresponding to each isometry there exists a conserved quantity. It is also known that the Lagrangian of the line element of a space is conserved. Here we investigate the possibility of the existence of "new" conserved quantities, i.e. other than the Lagrangian and associated with the isometries, for spaces of different curvatures. It is found that there exist new conserved quantities only for the spaces of zero curvature or having a section of zero curvature.
NOW THE DARK ELECTRON MULTIPLIER DOES SENSE DIRECTION OF THE DAEMON MOTION
Authors: DROBYSHEVSKI E. M. , DROBYSHEVSKI M. E. , PIKULIN V. A.
Published: April 2010

Detection of the September maximum in the primary near-Earth daemon flux at high (~ 60°) Northern latitudes by our setup with a plane horizontal scintillator is plagued by purely geometric factors; indeed, because of the Earth's rotation axis being tilted, the daemons catching up with the Earth in outer Near-Earth, Almost Circular Heliocentric Orbits (NEACHOs) strike the Earth along close-to-horizontal paths. Nevertheless, application of only two oppositely oriented, specially designed "dark electron multipliers" of the type TEU-167d (only their ø125-mm front disc is coated on the inside by a thick, ~ 0.5 μm Al layer, which permits such multipliers to detect primarily daemons flying inside them from the base to the disc) has made it possible for us to detect in one experiment, at a confidence level of >3σ, a flux of daemons captured from NEACHOs into Geocentric Earth-Surface-Crossing Orbits, as well as to record a decrease in the velocity of these objects from ~ 10 to ~ 7 km/s in a characteristic time of ~ 1 month resulting from their being slowed down in transits through the Earth's body.
TWISTED RINDLER SPACETIMES
Authors: DASZKIEWICZ MARCIN
Published: April 2010

The (linearized) noncommutative Rindler spacetimes associated with canonical, Lie-algebraic and quadratic twist-deformed Minkowski spaces are provided. The corresponding deformed Hawking spectra detected by Rindler observers are derived as well.
THE CMS ELECTROMAGNETIC CALORIMETER: CRYSTALS AND APD PRODUCTIONS
Authors: BLOCH P.
Published: April 2010

After a brief introduction to the CMS crystal calorimeter, we focus on the challenges linked to the lead tungstate crystals and avalanche photodiode production.
QUADRATURE SQUEEZING AND INFORMATION ENTROPY SQUEEZING IN NONLINEAR TWO-LEVEL SPIN MODELS
Authors: GRINBERG HORACIO
Published: April 2010

Normal squeezing, variance and entropy squeezing factors based on the Heisenberg uncertainty principle and Shannon information entropy theory, respectively, derived from the entangled states of two-mode coherent states in two-photon processes are numerically investigated through a previously developed generalized nonlinear Jaynes–Cummings two-level spin model. Numerical simulations are performed and discussed for two two-photon model Hamiltonians in both resonant and off-resonant states of the spin system with the bimodal cavity field.
MAXIMUM AREA INDEPENDENT SETS IN DISK INTERSECTION GRAPHS
Authors: BEREG SERGEY , DUMITRESCU ADRIAN , JIANG MINGHUI
Published: April 2010

Maximum Independent Set (MIS) and its relative Maximum Weight Independent Set (MWIS) are well-known problems in combinatorial optimization; they are NP-hard even in the geometric setting of unit disk graphs. In this paper, we study the Maximum Area Independent Set (MAIS) problem, a natural restricted version of MWIS in disk intersection graphs where the weight equals the disk area. We obtain: (i) Quantitative bounds on the maximum total area of an independent set relative to the union area; (ii) Practical constant-ratio approximation algorithms for finding an independent set with a large total area relative to the union area.
COMPUTING GEOMETRIC MINIMUM-DILATION GRAPHS IS NP-HARD
Authors: GIANNOPOULOS PANOS , KLEIN ROLF , KNAUER CHRISTIAN , KUTZ MARTIN , MARX DÁNIEL
Published: April 2010

We prove that computing a geometric minimum-dilation graph on a given set of points in the plane, using not more than a given number of edges, is an NP-hard problem, no matter if edge crossings are allowed or forbidden. We also show that the problem remains NP-hard even when a minimum-dilation tour or path is sought; not even an FPTAS exists in this case.
OPTIMAL BSPs AND RECTILINEAR CARTOGRAMS
Authors: DE BERG MARK , MUMFORD ELENA , SPECKMANN BETTINA
Published: April 2010

A cartogram is a thematic map that visualizes statistical data about a set of regions like countries, states or provinces. The size of a region in a cartogram corresponds to a particular geographic variable, for example, population. We present an algorithm for constructing rectilinear cartograms (each region is represented by a rectilinear polygon) with zero cartographic error and correct region adjacencies, and we test our algorithm on various data sets. It produces regions of very small complexity—in fact, most regions are rectangles—while still ensuring both exact areas and correct adjacencies for all regions.

Our algorithm uses a novel subroutine that is interesting in its own right, namely a polynomial-time algorithm for computing optimal binary space partitions (BSPs) for rectilinear maps. This algorithm works for a general class of optimality criteria, including size and depth. We use this generality in our application to computing cartograms, where we apply a dedicated cost function leading to BSPs amenable to the constructing of high-quality cartograms.
Effect of physical training on insulin secretion and action in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Dela Flemming , Stallknecht Bente
Published: April 2010

Physical training affects insulin secretion and action, but there is a paucity of data on the direct effects in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue and on the effect of training in first-degree relatives (FDR) of patients with type 2 diabetes. We studied insulin action at the whole body level and peripherally in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue as well as insulin-secretory capacity in seven FDR and eight control (CON) subjects before and after 12 wk of endurance training. Training improved physical fitness. Insulin-mediated glucose uptake (GU) increased (whole body and leg; P < 0.05) after training in CON but not in FDR, whereas glucose-mediated GU increased ( P < 0.05) in both groups. Adipose tissue GU was not affected by training, but it was higher (abdominal, P < 0.05; femoral, P = 0.09) in FDR compared with CON. Training increased skeletal muscle lipolysis ( P < 0.05), and it was markedly higher ( P < 0.05) in subcutaneous abdominal than in femoral adipose tissue and quadriceps muscle with no difference between FDR and CON. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was lower in FDR compared with CON, but no effect of training was seen. Glucagon-like peptide-1 stimulated insulin secretion five- to sevenfold. We conclude that insulin-secretory capacity is lower in FDR than in CON and that there is dissociation between training-induced changes in insulin secretion and insulin-mediated GU. Maximal GU rates are similar between groups and increases with physical training.