bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Case Report: Pregnancy with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Authors: Hermawati Ika , Ekawati Fitriana Murriya
Published: October 2019

A 24-year-old female patient who was pregnant with a gestational age of 30 weeks came to attend an integrated prenatal check-up at Daren Village Hall at the invitation of the village midwife on April 14, 2017. During the examination, there were no complaints except a lack of appetite. The patient comes by the husband, but the husband cannot accompany him during the examination process because he will work. The patient has been married for 2 years, where the pregnancy at the time of this examination is the first pregnancy.
“Bonus of Demography” as an Opportunity to Build Indonesian’s Welfare (Through the Role of Doctors in Primary Care in the STBM Program for Decreasing the Prevalence of Stunting)
Authors: Fadilah Mariatul
Published: October 2019

Demographic bonus is a condition where the composition of the population of productive age (age range 15-65 years old) is greater than the number of non-productive age population. According to BPS predictions, in 2020-2045 Indonesia has the opportunity to experience a demographic bonus, in which the country will have around 180 million productive-aged people, while those who are not productive are 60 million. Currently, 3 to 4 unproductive people will be rewarded by 10 productive people. In 2018 the total population of Indonesia is 265 million with a composition of 133.17 million women and 131.88 million men, where the population dependency ratio of Indonesia is 47.9%, which means there are 47 to 48 unproductive residents (aged under 15 years old and over 65 years old) who will be borne by 100 productive age population (15-65 years old). The problem is not the quantity of productive population but more towards its quality, so large a number will really make a bonus for the development of the Indonesian nation or on the contrary the explosion of population in this productive age will be a disaster for this beloved nation.
Associations of Opioid Prescriptions with Death and Hospitalization across the Spectrum of Estimated GFR
Authors: Novick Tessa K. , Surapaneni Aditya , Shin Jung-Im , Alexander G. Caleb , Inker Lesley A. , Wright Eric A. , Chang Alex R. , Grams Morgan E.
Published: October 2019

Background and objectives

Most opioids undergo kidney excretion. The goal of this study was to evaluate opioid-associated risks of death and hospitalization across the range of eGFR.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

The study population included adult primary care patients in Geisinger Health (Danville, PA) between 2008 and 2017. People receiving their first opioid prescription were propensity matched to people receiving NSAIDS (and, in sensitivity analysis, gabapentinoids) and the risk of death and hospitalization were compared, classifying opioid medication exposure as time-varying daily oral morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) across time-varying eGFR.

Results

The propensity-matched cohort included 46,246 patients prescribed either opioids or NSAIDs between 2008 and 2017 (mean [SD] age, 54 [16] years; 56% female; 3% of black race). Prescriptions for 1–59 and ≥60 MMEs were associated with higher risk of death (HR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.41 to 2.05 for 1–59 MMEs; HR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.82 to 2.79 for ≥60 MMEs) and hospitalization (HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.30 to 1.46 for 1–59 MMEs; HR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.56 to 1.81 for ≥60 MMEs) compared with NSAID prescriptions, when evaluated at eGFR 80 ml/min per 1.73 m2. The relative risk of death associated with ≥60 MMEs was higher at lower GFR (e.g., eGFR, 40 ml/min per 1.73 m2; HR, 3.94; 95% CI, 2.70 to 5.75;Pfor interaction, 0.01). When gabapentinoids were used as the comparison medication, only ≥60 MMEs were significantly associated with higher risk of death (HR, 2.72; 95% CI, 1.71 to 4.34), although both 1–59 and ≥60 MMEs were associated with risk of hospitalization (HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.43 for 1–59 MMEs; HR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.28 to 1.86 for ≥60 MMEs).

Conclusions

The receipt of prescription opioids was associated with a higher risk of death and hospitalization compared with other pain medications, particularly with higher doses and at lower eGFR.
Positive deviance approaches to improving vaccination coverage rates within healthcare systems: a systematic review
Authors: Singh Sonal , Mazor Kathleen M , Fisher Kimberly A
Published: October 2019

Aim:
Our objective was to systematically review the use of the positive deviance approach to identify strategies to improve vaccination coverage rates.
Materials & methods:
We searched English language articles in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and PsycINFO without any date restrictions on 4 October 2017. We compiled a list of all strategies and evaluated the quality of these studies using the QATSDD tool.
Results:
After a review of 241 citations, we included eight studies. These studies focused on a wide variety of vaccines and settings. Core strategies that support vaccine uptake include the importance of tailoring and targeting in both messaging and delivery of vaccines and tracking delivery of vaccines. Patient and provider education, reminders, feedback loops, community collaborations, immunization registries and use of a medical home were also identified as other strategies.
Conclusion:
Our findings highlight several useful core strategies, which can be used to promote vaccination coverage. PROSPERO: CRD42017078221.
Ferric carboxymaltose for patients with heart failure and iron deficiency in Italy: cost–effectiveness and budget impact
Authors: Rognoni Carla , Gerzeli Simone
Published: October 2019

Aim:
To evaluate the cost–effectiveness of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) versus placebo for the management of iron deficiency in patients with chronic heart failure in the Italian healthcare system and to estimate its impact on the national healthcare budget.
Materials & methods:
A Markov model was developed to project costs and health outcomes over 1 year, based on data from literature. Healthcare resources consumption was derived from an e-survey administered to clinicians. Costs were obtained from official tariffs.
Results:
Treatment with FCM represents a dominant strategy compared with placebo, leading to national budget annual savings of 20–97 million Euros, according to different increasing utilization rates.
Conclusion:
FCM is a cost-saving option for the treatment of chronic heart failure patients with iron deficiency in Italy.
Cow-calf management practices in Mexico: Farm organization and infrastructure
Authors: González-Padilla Everardo , Lassala Arantza , Pedernera Mariana , Gutierrez Carlos G
Published: October 2019

Beef cattle breeding has developed in extensive grazing systems in Mexico, concerning the livelihood of over one million families and affecting the use of natural resources. The diversity of climate, region, land tenure, herd size and poverty level potentially influence livestock farming. To detect areas of opportunity in the use of human, animal and natural resources, and to determine the degree of technological penetration, a structured questionnaire was administered as personal interviews to 3280 producers. Over 50% of farmers have an activity other than cattle breeding, mostly raising crops and other livestock. Weaned calves, primarily destined for the national market, are the foremost commercial product. Nevertheless, 20% of farmers in the northern region export their calves. European X Zebu crossbred cattle are widespread (over 45% of operations), followed by Bos taurus taurus breeds (22%). Criollo and predominantly Zebu cattle are present in <15% of farms, and dairy breeds in <5%. Over 70% of producers declared to select animal breed based on productive traits and adaptability, even though only 52% have record-keeping systems. The customary method to register data is hand-written, and < 7% of producers use computers. Recorded information comprises data on reproduction (59.1%), calves (44%), herd health practices (32%) and purchases and sales (28%). Over 95% of farmers identify animals by hot iron marks and National Individual Livestock Identification System (SINIIGA) ear tags. Close to 52% of animal breeders do not receive technical advice. Finally, according to producers, the main constraints for farm growth and profitability were lack of access to credit, followed by low market value of their products and insufficient infrastructure.
El principio de interpretación conforme a los derechos fundamentales a la luz de la jurisprudencia chilena
Authors: Aguilar Cavallo Gonzalo
Published: October 2019

Una de las características del constitucionalismo contemporáneo es el desarrollo de técnicas específicas de interpretación de los derechos fundamentales. Una de éstas es la interpretación conforme a los derechos fundamentales. Este trabajo tiene por objetivo principal analizar críticamente la incorporación de la interpretación conforme en la jurisprudencia de la Corte Suprema de Chile. Nuestra hipótesis es que existen indicios crecientes de que el juez nacional recurre a este principio de interpretación para optimizar y extender la protección de los derechos fundamentales.
Procesalismo constitucional: retos en la protección de los derechos humanos
Authors: Gugliano Herani Renato
Published: October 2019

El estudio aquí presentado pretende analizar los retos del procesalismo constitucio¬nal. Es un importante movimiento científico en América Latina dedicado al estudio de la jurisdicción constitucional del punto de vis¬ta del derecho constitucional y del derecho procesal constitucional, con miras a constituir una nueva rama del derecho: derecho procesal constitucional. El procesalismo constitucional tiene una evolución que hoy le impone retos propios de su consolidación como rama jurídica, de orden substancial, metodológico y funcional. El estudio analiza cada uno de estos retos en algunos de sus principales aspectos temáticos.
Configuración de los derechos fundamentales y su contenido esencial en el constitucionalismo ecuatoriano
Authors: López Hidalgo Sebastián
Published: October 2019

La configuración del contenido de los derechos fundamentales en el ámbito constitucional es una cuestión de trascendental importancia y depende, de forma directa, de una teoría que la sustenta. Si bien esta temática ha suscitado intensos debates en Europa, fundamentalmente en el último tercio del siglo pasado, la discusión, para el caso ecuatoriano, a pesar de contar con una Constitución renovada, ha sido inexistente. Frente a esta situación, que radica, básicamente, en una incomprensión teórica del problema, el presente artículo, luego de exponer algunas de las teorías más relevantes del contenido de los derechos, así como de una revisión atenta del texto constitucional y de la jurisprudencia existente, concluye que una teoría relativa del contenido esencial, que concibe a los derechos fundamentales en un plano de interrelación constante, es la que me mejor se adapta al modelo constitucional pergeñado en la Constitución de 2008, y cuestiona, al mismo tiempo, la adopción acrítica de una teoría que no ha sido bien comprendida y aplicada en el contexto ecuatoriano.
Estándares internacionales de regulación financiera y Estado social de derecho en Colombia
Authors: Blanco Barón Constanza , Corredor Higuera Jorge
Published: October 2019

El objetivo del artículo es analizar si cabría la formulación de una política pública para el sector financiero en Colombia que atienda a las necesidades del Estado social de derecho, y en tal caso si la misma podría mitigar las eventuales contradicciones entre los estándares internacionales de regulación financiera conocidos como Basilea III, y el cumplimiento de los valores constitucionales de democratización del crédito, acceso a la vivienda digna, protección del consumidor, sostenibilidad del medio ambiente y libre competencia como derecho de todos. Lo anterior, partiendo de tres premisas: la ausencia de una política pública para el sector financiero que busque cumplir los objetivos constitucionales del Estado; la obligatoriedad de cumplir estándares internacionales de regulación financiera, y las obligaciones derivadas de la última crisis mundial, se examinan las tensiones entre dichos estándares y los valores constitucionales, entre la eficiencia y la equidad, y entre el desarrollo como crecimiento económico y como bienestar.
Historia y memoria nacional en el discurso jurídico − el juicio de ADPF 186
Authors: Piza Duarte Evandro , Scotti Guilherme
Published: October 2019

El presente artículo busca discutir sintéticamente los argumentos del debate sobre el sistema de cuotas para negros en la enseñanza universitaria, objeto de un intenso debate en la última década y de la decisión de la Suprema Corte Brasileña en la Acción de In-cumplimiento de Precepto Fundamental n. 186. Examina de qué modo la referida decisión judicial, al declarar la constitucionalidad del Plano de Metas de Inclusión Étnico-Racial, instituido por la Universidad de Brasilia, recurrió a argumentos sobre la historia brasileña y la identidad nacional. Examina cómo la igualdad y la diferencia fueron articuladas a la narrativa sobre el pasado de las instituciones jurídicas y sociales, y de qué modo la decisión pretendió revisar las presuposiciones de una identidad nacional homogeneizada cuyo paradigma fue construido, sobre todo, en la década de 1930. La decisión puede ser identificada como un nuevo momento de la retórica identitaria por aceptar la existencia de espacios de conflicto en la comunidad nacional que se expresan no sólo en demandas por una distribución equitativa de los recursos públicos destinados a la educación, sino también por la construcción de la memoria colectiva. La decisión propone el debate sobre el modo en que las instituciones jurídicas redimensionan las identidades nacionales, teniendo en vista las demandas por la tutela de los derechos fundamentales.
Separación de poderes y supremacía judicial: estudio de casos en Brasil
Authors: Hsu Cleto Vinicius
Published: October 2019

Parte de la doctrina constitucional contemporánea señala que el rol desempeñado por las cortes constitucionales en cuestiones abstractas puede representar amenaza al legítimo papel del Poder Legislativo, usualmente com¬puesto por miembros elegidos directamente por la población. Además, las sentencias judiciales afectan, muchas veces, el Poder Ejecutivo, ya que el presupuesto es empleado para efecti¬var decisiones, especialmente las abstractas y generales, o sea, las constitucionales. Este artículo estudia los argumentos que notan cierta tendencia hacia un “gobierno de jueces”. Se los contrapone a razones que demuestran la legitimidad de la judicatura para decidir en abstracto. Busca probar que, en sistemas constitucionales autónomos, ni el Legislativo ni la judicatura poseen la palabra final en legis¬lación abstracta; en realidad, hay repartición del poder de agenda a depender del tema. Para concretizar la tesis presentada, se analizan los casos i) del matrimonio homosexual en Brasil, y ii) de la “vaquejada”, que fue considerada inconstitucional por el Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) brasileño y, posteriormente, aceptado en la Constitución Federal a través de la Enmienda Constitucional n. 96 de 2017.
Integrated Knowledge Transfer and Exchange: An Organizational Approach for Stakeholder Engagement and Communications
Authors: Van Eerd Dwayne , Saunders Ron
Published: October 2019

Knowledge transfer and exchange (KTE) is a process of making relevant research information available and accessible for use in practice or policy. Integrated KTE, where knowledge users are engaged in the research process, is considered to better facilitate uptake and use. The objective of this paper is to describe a fully integrated KTE approach developed over the past 20 years. Key concepts related to knowledge user engagement as well as the integration of communications within KTE are described. The organizational KTE approach is flexible and can be adapted to a variety of research areas.
‘Mark the Play’: Electronic Editions of Shakespeare and Video Content
Authors: Hirsch Brett , Arneil Stewart , Newton Greg
Published: October 2019

From world-wide archival film footage, to recordings of amateur and professional productions, and, of course, user-generated content uploaded to YouTube, the last decade has seen an explosion in the production and dissemination of Shakespeare in digital video form. The challenge facing researchers is no longer to acquire and amass this video data, but rather to develop the methods and tools to accurately and dynamically navigate, search, and interact with the data.
Ninety-Five Years of the Journal of the Canadian Historical Association/ Revue de la Société Historique du Canada
Authors: Duquet Michel , Holler Jacqueline
Published: October 2019

This article traces the ninety-five-year history of the Journal of the Canadian Historical Association and its contribution to research dissemination, the building of a scholarly community, and services to authors.L’article retrace l’historique de la Revue de la Société historique du Canada et sa contribution à la diffusion de la recherche, le développement de la communauté savante et les services aux auteurs depuis quatre-vingts quinze ans.
Online Resources for Scholarly Journal Publishing
Authors: Wodtke Larissa
Published: October 2019

This paper describes an environmental scan of online resources for editors and publishers of scholarly journals that was conducted from March to June 2017. The resources in this scan take the form of archived webinars, reports, publications, infographics, and conference presentation videos supplied by other associations and societies, as well as libraries, software companies, and commercial publishers.
Evaluación de estrategias de emprendimiento sostenible e innovación implementadas en las unidades productivas del SENA, Centro Industrial y Desarrollo Empresarial de Soacha-Cundinamarca-Colombia
Authors: Cruz Páez Fabio Orlando , Mera Rodríguez Carlos William , Lechuga Cardozo Jorge Isaac
Published: October 2019

El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar evidencia de las estrategias que se implementaron a través del programa SENA Emprende Rural – SER del SENA Centro Industrial y Desarrollo Empresarial de Soacha, Cundinamarca para la incubación y fortalecimiento de emprendimientos de unidades productivas. Se definió un estudio cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo, no experimental, transeccional y de campo. Se diseñó un cuestionario siguiendo la metodología Delphi, y se aplicó a una muestra de líderes emprendedores rurales Programa SENA Emprende Rural Centro Industrial y Desarrollo Empresarial de Soacha. Dicho cuestionario presenta ocho ítems, cuatro para la variable emprendimiento y cuatro para la variable innovación. Se encontró que las estrategias de aceleración implementadas por el SENA y los gobiernos locales han incidido positivamente en la percepción de innovación y crecimiento de los líderes de las unidades productivas estudiadas. Se concluye que la implementación de este tipo de estrategias públicas en el largo plazo impactarán positivamente en la sostenibilidad de empresas concebidas en zonas rurales que finalmente jalonan la creación de nuevos empleos y crecimiento económico en zonas rurales.
Innovative Technologies and Technical Means for Industrial Nursery Farming
Authors: Zavrazhnov A. A. , Izmaylov A. Yu. , Zavrazhnov A. I. , Lobachevskiy Ya. P. , Lantsev V. Yu.
Published: October 2019

Russian manufacturing companies do not produce high-clearance equipment for nursery farms growing fruit and berry planting material. In this respect, VIM and Michurinsk State Agrarian University have developed a system of high-clearance machines, taking into account the nursery area, thus providing for effi cient production. (Research purpose) Increasing the effi ciency of growing seedlings and apple rootstocks reproducing in a vegetative way in a mother plantation by means of complex mechanization based on universal technical equipment and technological modules with rational design parameters and kinematic characteristics of working units. (Materials and methods) General methodology for testing machines and working units was supplemented with specifi c methods used in accordance with the research program. The authors made experimental models of machines for spring opening of grafters, cultivating growing shoots, cleaning leaves, and separating branches; provided a system of automatic orientation over a number of plants; and developed a set of technical tools for the care of grafters. (Results and discussion) It has been determined that high-quality spring opening of a mother plantation with the observance of optimal timing for opening shoots increases the productivity of the mother plantation by 7-10 percent. Establishing an optimal environment for plant development using a machine with an active working unit for hilling growing shoots increases the output of standard layering up to 86.2-90.6 percent. Appropriate mechanized separation of layering in improved cutting conditions allowed to increase the yield of standard layering by 5-7 percent, and in the subsequent year there was an 8-10 percent increase in the yield of standard layering (of the fi rst grade) due to their better rooting. (Conclusions) The economic effi ciency of using a universal mechanized set of machinery in a mother plantation is from 514 thousand to 664 thousand rubles per one hectare. The use of high-level technical means of SUVES, VP-1.5 and AP-1.5 with replaceable technological modules increases the level of mechanization by an average of 30 percent, signifi cantly reduces labor costs – up to 20 percent, and improves working conditions for operating staff .
Methods for Solving Environmental Problems in Livestock and Poultry Farming
Authors: Bryukhanov A. Yu. , Vasilev E. V. , Shalavina E. V. , Uvarov R. A.
Published: October 2019

In the Northwestern Federal District, the main agricultural source of environmental pollution is the disposal of organic waste (manure and litter), which accounts for a risk of 85 percent. The problem of ensuring environmental safety requires appropriate solutions based on modern intelligent machine technologies, means of monitoring and controlling technological processes of organic waste disposal. (Research purpose) To provide rationale for combined methods of solving environmental problems in animal and poultry farming. (Materials and methods) The authors studied the environmental impact of machine technologies used in livestock and poultry farming. The studies were carried out by assessing environmental risks and the sustainability of agroecosystems, applying methods and techniques for assessing the best available technologies, and studying the main prospects of developing intelligent digital technologies. (Results and discussion) The authors have identified the main methods of solving the environmental problems associated with large farm enterprises, including the calculation, design and system operation of the best available technologies for agricultural production. They have proposed a technical tool in the form of a bioreactor for the disposal of organic waste, capable of reducing manure and litter processing period in 60 times and providing automated flow and process control with online registration of production and environmental indicators. They have described an intelligent system for monitoring and utilizing organic waste, including a conceptual framework for establishing modular centers for deep processing. (Conclusions) The authors have proved that the implementation of modern methods for ensuring effective and environmentally safe agricultural production requires the establishing of experimental plot sites for complex research and demonstration of a “machine technology – monitoring – management” system. It has been proposed that a site of the VIM agrobiotechnological cluster should be established at a pilot livestock complex enterprise in the Leningrad Region. The authors have identified promising areas of research to ensure the transition of agricultural production to a new technological structure that implements the principles of Smart Farming to provide for the disposal of at least 510 million tons of agricultural organic waste a year.
Pneumatic System of Variable-Force Corn Threshing
Authors: Pastukhov A. G. , Bakharev D. N. , Volvak S. F. , Chernikov R. V.
Published: October 2019

Differentiation of the force applied to the cobs of seed corn in the process of threshing allows minimizing the amount of macro- and micro-damage to the grain, which maintains the potential yield level of this crop. (Research purpose) To develop an automatic control system for active pneumatic elements of the deck of the threshing-and-separating unit capable of varying the pressing force of the spikes applied to the cobs of seed corn in different parts of the threshing chamber to minimize the crop damage. (Materials and methods) The authors have used the methods of system analysis, designing the operating algorithms of automated mechanical systems, electronics and general electrical engineering. (Results and discussions) The authors offer an advanced design of the threshing-and-separating unit for seed corn. The design features an active pneumatic deck with an automatic control system varying the pressing force of separate deck spikes to the cob grain directly in the course of threshing. For air inflating and lowering, two valves are installed in each of the 16 airbags, 32 control relays being used. The operation process is automatized through the Atmega 2560 controller regulating the amount of pressure in the airbags forcing the spikes against the grain in the process of threshing. The authors propose a schematic diagram describing the operation algorithm of the controller with pressure control units in deck airbags. By programming the controller, an operator can change the amount of pressure in the airbags, thus adjusting the force of direct and precise pressing the deck spikes to the corn cobs, for any airbag and in any part of the deck. (Conclusions) It has been determined that the destructive pressing force of 55 Newtons can be achieved in certain combinations of the membrane thickness, the pressure in the airbags and the pressing depth of the spikes. The proposed design of the threshing device with a system of automated pressure control in the deck airbags allows varying the force of threshing, which minimizes the amount of macro- and micro-damage to the seed corn grain and thus maintains the potential yield level of this crop.
Determination of the Parameters of Improved Coulter for Introducing Mineral and Organic-And-Mineral Fertilizers
Authors: Khadzhiev A. Kh. , Temirov S. U. , Yuldashev O. K. , Kuramboev B. R.
Published: October 2019

When using the conventional coulters for applying organic-and-mineral fertilizers, reliable technological process cannot be ensured unless a fertilizer funnel is adapted to such fertilizers. (Research purpose) Determination of the parameters of an improved coulter for introducing organic-and-mineral fertilizers. (Materials and methods) The authors conducted theoretical studies using the methods of theoretical and agricultural mechanics, as well as analytic geometry. They also considered the horizontal flow of soil particles under the action of the pointed part of a leg and made diagrams of the progressive speed of a cultivator depending on the cutting-point angle of the coulter leg at friction angles of 25, 30, and 35 degrees. (Results and discussion) An analytical relationship was obtained to determine progressive flowability of organic-and-mineral fertilizers through a coulter funnel. The author also found the cutting-point angle of a coulter leg for introducing fertilizers at a certain depth. In this case they neither stick to the coulter surface nor pack up before entering it. The optimum diameter of the fertilizer funnel was determined as well. (Conclusions) It has been proved that the cutting-point angle of a working tool leg for introducing mineral and organic-and-mineral fertilizers developed according to the research should range from 54 to 66 degrees. The authors have determined that an easy flow of fertilizers can be ensured if the diameter of a fertilizer funnel of a coulter should be not less than 43 millimeters.
Improving the Wear Resistance and Bending Strength of Knives Used in Centrifugal Beet Cutters
Authors: Rudik F. Ya. , Bredikhin S. A.
Published: October 2019

The efficiency of sugar production depends largely on the state of beet chips obtained from a centrifugal sugar beet cutter. It is shown that a one-shift operation of defective knives may result in a loss of up to 28-30 percent of sucrose. (Research purpose) To establish quality indicators of beet chips obtained from a centrifugal beet cutter, to improve a design and production technology of knives with increased physical and mechanical characteristics. (Materials and methods) The authors identified the reasons leading to the deterioration of the knife parameters and ensuring the quality of sugar beet cutting. To increase the indicators of wear resistance and bending strength of the cutting edges, the knife design was modified and a new technology of knife manufacturing was offered. The authors theoretically and experimentally proved the feasibility of replacing the manufacturing technology of the cutting edges of knives - from cutting to plastic deformation in die tooling. (Results and discussion) The authors have determined the mechanism and consequences of the wear and breakage of cutting points and the deformation and breakage of cutting edges of sugar beet knives. The technology of edge die stamping with special equipment was offered. The design of tooling for die stamping and machining of knife’s cutting edges was developed and experimentally tested in production conditions. (Conclusions) The authors offered the methods of strengthening cutting edges of knives with die casting, as well as offered solutions to the design problems of knife manufacturing using special high-performance and resource-saving equipment. The main physical and mechanical characteristics of sugar beet knives manufactured according to conventional and improved technologies have been experimentally determined and tested under operating conditions. The authors show the advantages of the cutting edges of sugar beet knives manufactured according to the improved technology; the study has proved an increase in microhardness by 14 percent and an increase in bending strength by 30 percent.
Method of Generalized Evaluation in the Selecting Factors and Levels of Variation in the Multifactorial Study of Sowing Machines
Authors: Zubrilina E. M. , Markvo I. A. , Zhuravlev A. S. , Novikov V. I. , Neroda E. V.
Published: October 2019

The results of studying complex objects can be presented as a problem with several outputs, and this will require a separate mathematical model for each result. If we use a generalized optimization criterion (super criterion), for example, in the form of the Harrington desirability function, one model will suffice. The authors have drawn an example of applying this methodology to determine the factors influencing the seeding process performed with an experimental seeder.(Research purpose) To show general recommendations for improving the process of planning and organization of scientific experiments in the field of agricultural engineering.(Materials and methods) The authors were guided by the idea of converting the natural values of particular criteria (or characteristics) into a dimensionless scale of desirability with subsequent assessment of the level of preference of a set of factors and their levels of variation in a multifactorial experiment. The object of research was represented by a sowing unit used for combined seeding of two crops. (Results and discussion) The study has established the following levels of desirability of natural output values (combinations of the variation levels of experimental factors): "very good", "good", "satisfactory", "bad", and "very bad". The rate of influence of these factors on corn seed sowing with an experimental seeder was obtained by applying a priori ranking technique. An acceptable set of values (a combination of optimal and maximum values) from the range of factors variation was revealed, which provides for more qualitative choice of the main factors influencing the optimization parameter. The authors have demonstrated the operation of the patented software to calculate data according to the Box-Behnken plan, which allows to obtain sufficient information about the response surface of the process in the experiment center selected as the expected optimum. (Conclusions) The paper presents the way of preparing for an experiment and subsequent processing of the results of complex studies using the super criterion. The necessity for digitalizing the process of planning and organization of scientific experiments has been emphasized.
AQUATIC IN ASIAN GAMES: CONTEXT OF PISA-LIKE MATHEMATICS PROBLEM
Authors: Maharani Levana , Putri Ratu Ilma Indra , Hartono Yusuf
Published: October 2019

This study aimed to create mathematical problems of uncertainty and data contents in PISA using aquatic context that were valid, practical and had the potential effect. This study was design research of development study. The subjects in this study were 10th-grade students of Indo Global Mandiri senior high school in Palembang consisting of 20 students. Data were gathered through interviews, observation, and tests. The results of data analysis showed that there were eight valid and practical items of PISA type of uncertainty and data contents. The contents obtained using bicycles and aquatic contexts in Asian Games. The 11 out of 20 students showed reasoning skills and reasonable arguments, and 9 out of 20 students showed reasoning skills and discussions but incomplete. It was because they were not used to solving PISA type problems in learning.
STUDY TO ASSESS AWARENESS ABOUT HIV/AIDS AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS
Authors: ELSAYED ABOZEID HANAA , ABDULRAHMAN ALGHOFAILI NOUF , ABDULRAHMAN BAOTHMAN ROTAN , NASER ALMOTAIRI KHAWATER , ADEL TURKSTANI GHAIDA , SALEM ALJEZANI KHOLOUD
Published: October 2019

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a fatal illness caused by a retrovirus known as the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) which breaks down the body's immune system. Lack of awareness and misconceptions about HIV/AIDS in the general population is responsible for rapid spread and social stigma. This study aimed to assess knowledge and attitudes about HIV/AIDS among medical students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. An observational cross-sectional study was performed on 400 participants selected randomly from the medical students at IbnSina National College. The assessment was carried out by obtaining a self-administered, structured questionnaire about knowledge and attitude of students about HIV/AIDS. Questionnaire obtained from Biradar et al., 2016 and included 13 items. The study sample included 108 male and 292 female and more than one third (36.3%) of the students in the sixth academic year. All students were conscious about HIV/AIDS disease and all of them except one had information about the causative agent (virus). The majority (70.3%) of students had gained information from doctors/health worker followed by other sources like media. More than half of them were aware of about the modes of transmission and preventive approaches. The results of the present study are encouraging as most of the students had good awareness regarding HIV/AIDS disease. Role of doctors/health worker and media are very important to spread the awareness among the general population. These measures will help to reduce the misconception and indifferent attitude towards the HIV infected patients.
EVALUATION OF THE WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY OF COMMELINA BENGHALENSIS LEAVES EXTRACT IN EXPERIMENTAL RATS
Authors: JOSHI OM PRAKASH , SINGH BALWAN , DR. D.C.P SINGH
Published: October 2019

Wound is still a worldwide health problem. Both conventional and synthetic drugs used in the treatment of wound are inadequate and sometimes they cause fatal side effects. In the absence of a reliable drug in modern medicine, there are a number of medicinal preparations in Ayurveda recommended for the treatment of wound. In view of severe undesirable side effects caused by synthetic agents, there is a growing need to follow systematic research methodology to evaluate the scientific basis for the traditional herbal medicines that are claimed to possess therapeutic effects. The benefits of herbal wound healing agents attract the researchers to evaluate their use in modern medicine and to minimize the undesirable or unpleasant effect of synthetic medicines. As we know, herbal medicines are natural in origin, safe to consume in the modern day many herbal plants like aloe, neem, turmeric, brahmi, senna, ashwagandha, asafetida, ginger, fennel, sankhpusphi, are extensively used in modern medicine and showed their potential benefits. Commelina benghalensis is a herbaceous plant growing throughout India. In our study we found that the methenolic extract of Commelina benghalensis shows significant increase in breaking strength of the skin and histopathological studies also shows increase in the number of macrophages . Various concentrations of mehenolic extract of Commelina benghalensis are used i.e 5% methenolic extract of Commelina benghalensis and 10% methenolic extract of Commelina benghalensis and both the concentration are shown to increase the breaking strength although 10 % methenolic extract shows more collegen fibres in histological section. Hence the present study is designed to evaluate wound healing of potential of Commelina benghalensis leaves in rats
KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEPTION TOWARDS PHARMACOVIGILANCE AND ADVERSE DRUG REPORTING AMONG PHARMACY AND NURSING STUDENTS IN AL JOUF UNIVERSITY
Authors: MAGABLEH ODAI , ALHAMED GHAIDA
Published: October 2019

Pharmacovigilance is one of the building blocks of health education in the community, which includes prevention of side effects of drugs or their complications caused by either the misuse of the dosage during the treatment period or the frequent use without medical consultation. Many international bodies and organizations, including the World Health Organization (WHO), are interested in this concept, formulating it on the basis of scientific basis for reporting, evaluation, prevention and early detection of drug side effects. The aim of this study was to determine the level of ADR’s Knowledge and Perceptions of Pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reporting between pharmacy students and medical students of Aljouf university. This is descriptive cross-sectional surveys which determine the Knowledge and Perceptions of Pharmacovigilance of pharmacy students and medical students of Aljouf University that was conducted from March - April 2017. Design of a structured questionnaire was administered as regards pharmacovigilance and ADRs reporting process. The mean knowledge score of pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting for the overall study sample was 2.99 (SD=0.44) with a scoring range from 0 to 9. Findings of the current study had demonstrated that there is insufficient knowledge level among pharmacy and nursing students regarding pharmacovigilance and ADRs reporting systems. Investigating the pharmacy and nursing students’ perceptions toward ADRs reporting had demonstrated that they are having positive perceptions about reporting ADRs. Study concluded that there is insufficient knowledge level among pharmacy and nursing students regarding pharmacovigilance and ADRs reporting systems and a positive perception towards ADRs. Study recommends the necessity of an educational intervention plan that aims to increase the undergraduate healthcare workers knowledge and perceptions towards pharmacovigilance and ADRs reporting system.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF RP-UPLC AND DERIVATIVE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF ASCORBIC ACID AND N-ACETYLCYSTEINE IN EFFERVESCENT TABLETS
Authors: KUCUK TUNCA AYSEL , MERVE OZARAZ
Published: October 2019

In this study, reverse phase-ultra performance liquid chromatographic (RP-UPLC) and first derivative spectrophotometric methods were developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid (AA) and n-acetylcysteine (NAC) quantities in effervescent tablets. Liquid chromatography tests were carried out isocratically with the UPLC BEH C18 column. Analyzes were completed in a short time (approximately 6 minutes) with the developed method. UV detector at 220 nm (detection wavelength) was used and the mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer (1:99, v/v, pH 2.5). Linearity ranges in methods were 3-60 µg mL-1 for AA and 6-84 µg mL-1 for NAC. Retention times were 1.59 and 4.61 min for AA and NAC, respectively. First derivative spectrophotometry was employed as a second analytical method and AA and NAC derivative spectra were recorded at 285 nm and 222.5 nm respectively. High recovery values were obtained for AA and NAC. The methods developed were validated for the parameters of linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity, sensitivity, the limit of quantitation, the limit of detection and recovery as defined in the ICH analytical method validation guidelines. Then, the methods were successfully applied to routine analysis for the determination of AA and NAC in commercial effervescent tablets without any interference by the excipients. These methods are also advantageous in that they do not require a pre-separation process for analysis. Furthermore, a large number of samples could be analyzed quickly with this method due to the short chromatographic analysis time. Finally, the results were evaluated statistically and the methods were compared with each other.
RESEARCH ON PREVALENCE OF OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS IN THIRD TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY AND ITS OUTCOME
Authors: SATHYAPRIYA K  , SONAL ANTO  , VENKATESWARAMURTHY N  , SAMBATHKUMAR R
Published: October 2019

The aim of the study is to find out the prevalence of oligohydromnios in third trimester of pregnancy and its outcome. The main objective is to study the risk factors, complications associated with oligohydramnios and its impact on fetal outcome. A prospective observational study was carried out in obstetrics and gynecology hospital in Erode, Tamil Nadu. 100 patients with gestational age from 30-40 weeks with Amniotic Fluid index AFI<5cms with intact membranes were analysed for perinatal outcome during the period April 2018 to September 2018. Out of 100 patients, 25 patients were reported to be with oligohydramnios. More patients were reported in the age group of 21-25years. 80% of patients showed primigravida and 20% of patients showed multigravida. 64% of people showed gestational period of 35-37weeks. All patients showed AFI ≤25%. The frequency of different risk factors in pregnancy included gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (24%), anemia (16%), premature rupture (12%), preeclampsia (12%) and with non-maternal factors (36%). Lower Segment caesarian Section (LSCS) was done in 96% of patients and 4% of patients undergone normal vaginal delivery. The LSCS was highly indicated due to oligohydromnios in 48% of cases and its associated causes such as fetal distress 32%, intrauterine growth retardation 12%, malformation 4%and failed induction 4%. All 25 babies of oligohydramnios patient showed Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration (APGAR) score of above ≥7 and associated fetal outcomes such as Respiratory Distress Syndrome 32%, and Preterm 12%. The patients in primigravida are more prone to oligohydramnios with associated factors such as GDM and anemia. In the third trimester, the complications resulting in the caesarian section was high in order to improve the fetal outcome. So timely screening for Amniotic fluid index (AFI) between intrapartum and postpartum pregnancy, proper antenatal checkup and lifestyle changes in patients helps to reduce the maternal risk factors and improve the fetal outcome.
Economías externas de red en el sistema de ciudades del Eje Cafetero, 1996-2014
Authors: Gaviria Ríos Mario Alberto
Published: October 2019

De manera tradicional la geografía económica ha asociado las economías de aglomeración a la concentración de actividades y población en una ciudad. Este trabajo se propuso evidenciar la generación de esas economías en la escala regional, teniendo como unidad espacial de análisis el sistema de ciudades del Eje Cafetero (Colombia) y apoyándose en un ejercicio de panel de efectos fijos. A través del ejercicio se observó la presencia de las llamadas economías externas de red en el sistema urbano estudiado, de lo que deriva que las redes hacen posible que las ciudades pequeñas puedan disfrutar de las ventajas de la aglomeración.
Faktor Determinan Perilaku Pencegahan Primer Kanker Serviks Pada Remaja Putri
Authors: Antarsih Novita Rina , Kusumastuti Ani
Published: October 2019

Latar belakang: Penyakit kanker merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian utama di seluruh dunia. Penyakit kanker serviks dan payudara merupakan penyakit kanker dengan prevalensi tertinggi di Indonesia tahun 2013, yaitu kanker serviks sebesar 0,8‰ dan kanker payudara sebesar 0,5‰. Faktor risiko terkena kanker 90-95 % berhubungan dengan perilaku dan lingkungan, yang dapat ditekan melalui gerakan bersama, menyeluruh dan berkesinambungan untuk meningkatkan kepedulian masyarakat terhadap kanker serviks.

Tujuan: mengembangkan upaya pencegahan primer kanker serviks pada remaja putri dan memberikan masukan bagi sekolah

Metode: menggunakan studi kuantitatif dengan data primer yang diambil melalui survei yang dilakukan pada lokasi penelitian dengan menggunakan desain studi potong lintang (cross sectional). Data akan dianalisis secara multivariate Uji Regresi Logistik.

Hasil: sebagian besar responden berperilaku kurang dalam pencegahan primer kanker serviks (53,3%), variabel yang berhubungan yaitu pengetahuan, sikap, riwayat cairan vagina abnormal, merokok dan antioksidan, sedangkan faktor yang dominan terhadap perilaku pencegahan primer adalah konsumsi antioksidan dengan taraf signifikan 0,000 (CI 95% 2,5 - 19).

Kesimpulan: faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku pencegahan primer kanker serviks adalah pengetahuan, sikap, riwayat cairan vagina abnormal, merokok dan konsumsi antioksidan. Remaja putri harus memiliki gaya hidup yang sehat, terutama mengkonsumsi nutrisi kaya antioksidan sebagai pencegahan primer terhadap kanker serviks
REFORMulering – manipulation eller metastyring?
Authors: Balslev Gitte Miller , Raae Peter Henrik
Published: October 2019

Den folkeskolereform, Danmark fik i 2014, udfordrer institutionaliserede opfattelser af undervisning. Det skaber forståeligt nok dilemmaer vedrørende reformens realisering mellem på den ene side politiske forventninger til hurtig og fuldstændig implementering og på den anden side behovet for, at ny mening kan etableres på det professionelle niveau. Mange overvejelser over, hvordan en reform som denne bedst implementeres, vil være forventelig. Artiklen tager afsæt i en case fra en dansk kommune, hvor en skolechef i et ledelsesmæssigt krydspres mellem politikere og skoleledere udvikler en opskrift på implementering med intensionen om at skabe rum for dialog og tilgodese bottom up-synspunkter. Analysen viser, hvordan initiativet synes at reflektere tendenser i styringsteori, som peger mod relationsorienteret og tillidsbaseret reformarbejde fremfor mod en principal-agentorienteret og low trust-baseret implementering. Uden at afvise en sådan netværksorienteret implementeringsopskrifts styrkeside spørger vi afsluttende, om ikke sådanne opskrifter indeholder en risikoside i form af overtalelse frem for selvstyring?