bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supervivencia a dos años en pacientes con cáncer gástrico localmente avanzado en una institución de Popayán entre 2018 y 2020
Authors: Muñoz-Orozco Henry , Meza Julián A. , Merchán-Galvis Ángela
Published: March 2023

Introducción. El tratamiento oncológico perioperatorio en pacientes con cáncer gástrico localmente avanzado está indicado; aun así, no siempre es posible. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la supervivencia de los pacientes según la administración de quimioterapia perioperatoria.
Métodos. Estudio observacional, tipo cohorte ambispectivo, incluyendo pacientes con cáncer gástrico localmente avanzado quienes recibieron o no quimioterapia perioperatoria.
Resultados. Se incluyeron 33 pacientes, 90,9 % pertenecían al régimen subsidiado de salud y el 78,8 % en estadio T4. El grupo que recibió quimioterapia perioperatoria, que solo tuvo 5 pacientes (15,1 %), presentó mayor supervivencia global a 2 años (100 %), seguido del grupo de quimioterapia postoperatoria (58,8 %) y del grupo sin quimioterapia, que alcanzó una supervivencia global a 2 años de 54,5 %.
Discusión. La supervivencia global fue mayor en el grupo de quimioterapia perioperatoria, consonante a lo descrito a nivel internacional, aunque los pacientes se encontraban en un estadío localmente más avanzado, la mayoría con T4 y N+ según AJCC VIII edición.
Conclusiones. El estadío clínico es un factor pronóstico importante y, en nuestro medio, la mayoría de los pacientes consultan en estadíos localmente más avanzados. A eso se suman las dificultades en el acceso a la atención en salud. Aun así, la quimioterapia perioperatoria mostró una supervivencia mayor en pacientes con cáncer gástrico localmente avanzado.
Identification of potential human chymase inhibitors using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Rozindar Asiya , DBM Virupakshaiah , Meti Bharati , Vasant Kumbha Bajarang , Oli Ajay Kumar
Published: March 2023

Chymase is a hydrolase class of enzymes that involves  hydrolysis of peptide bonds. It is abundant in secretory granules of mast cells. Mast cell chymase is involved in the synthesis of angiotensin-II from its precursor protein. In addition, chymase is involved in converting TGF-β and matrix metalloproteinase to their active form. Chymase involved in heart failure has been proven, and its inhibition may reduce the progression. Hence, to identify the potential inhibitors against the chymase, the present study employed structure-based virtual screening, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation to identify potential chymase inhibitors. Initially, compounds were selected based on their physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. Further, the binding affinities using molecular docking and interaction analyses were performed to find potential chymase inhibitors. The study identified chymase inhibitor ZINC000008382327, bearing significant binding affinity, specificity, and efficacy towards the chymase. Next, the stability and binding mode of chymase with ZINC000008382327 were assessed using molecular dynamics simulations. The simulation analysis using root mean square deviations and fluctuations revealed that inhibitor ZINC000008382327 affected the structure and dynamics of the chymase protein. It was also shown that the chymase forms a stable complex with ZINC000008382327 during the simulation. Thus, the present computational study put forward that the identified compound can be further exploited as a potential chemical scaffold to design and develop new human chymase inhibitors.
Using food residues (potato peels) as an alternative to potato dextrose agar in the growth of edible food fungi
Authors: Almjalawi Batool Shakir Abed , Chechan Rukaibaa Ali , AL-Hadedee Lamees Thamer
Published: March 2023

Due to the great importance of edible fungi, their rapid life cycle, and the possibility of their production throughout the year, their cultivation has become a vital resource that many countries depend on in their pursuit of economic growth and food security.  The present study aimed to devise a local nutrient media for primary mycelium growth of nine species of fungi belonging to Pleurotus eryngii , Pleurotus floridanus , Pleurotus ostreatus (white strain) , Agaricus heterocystis , Agaricus bispous (brown strain ), Agaricus bispous (white strain), Lentinula edodesstrain No. 1, Lentinula edodes strain No. 2, Flammulina velutipe (yellow strain) using culture mycelium inoculation for reproduction and production of edible fungi. Different natural materials used for this purpose involved potato peels in a concentration ranging from 5 to 20 g/ L and compared with the commercial medium Potato Dextrose Agar at a rate of 39 g/Land according to the manufacturer's instructions. The study also focused on the effect of physical factors such as temperature and pH on the growth rate of fungal mycelium. The results showed that the media prepared from potato peels at 5 g/L and 10 g/L concentrations achieved the best growth rate for the studied fungi compared to  Peptone Dextrose Agar (PDA). The increase in the growth rate of fungi on media prepared from potato peels was attributed to the effect of nutrients for the prepared medium because it contained effective and necessary compounds for the growth in addition to their ease of absorption and consumption to be ready for food for agricultural fungi.  The effect on the growth and production of edible fungi or any other type of fungi has not previously been studied and compared to the commercial medium PDA.
Enhacment of biomass, carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins content using co-culture of Glagah consortium and Lipomyces starkeyi
Authors: Sri Winasti Ni Made , Yulyanita Dita Aulia , Naser Ahmad Saifun , Suyono Eko Agus
Published: March 2023

Microorganisms have a high potential as biofuel sources. Co-culture of microalgae and yeasts can result in high lipid production as a modification treatment. The goal of this study was to see how the co-culture of the Glagah consortium (diversity of associated microalgae and bacteria from Glagah Lagoon, Yogyakarta) and Lipomyces starkeyi affected the production of biomass, lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. The culture was performed under airtight conditions on a shaker at 127 rpm, with a light intensity of 27.75 mol/m2/s and a temperature of 30°C. The culture was subjected to a dark: light (6:18) treatment. Biomass was measured by dry weight, lipids by the Bligh and Dyer method, proteins by the Bradford method and carbohydrates by the phenol-sulfuric acid method. On day 3, L. starkey culture produced the most biomass, yielding 2.21 g/L with a productivity of 0.49 g/L/day. On day 4, the highest lipids produced from co-culture treatment yielded 1.03 g/g with a productivity of 0.21 g/L/day. The highest protein yield was obtained from L. starkeyi culture treatment on day 4, yielding 0.60 g/g with a productivity of 0.12 g/L/day. On day 6, co-culture produced the total carbohydrates, yielding 4.78 g/g with a productivity of 0.68 g/L/day. The co-culture treatment produced the highest lipids and carbohydrates production (1.03 g/g and 4.78 g/g) and productivity (0.21 g/L/day and 0.68 g/L/day), while L. starkeyi culture produced the highest total biomass and protein production (2.21 g/L and 0.6 g/g)  and productivity (0.49 g\L\day and 0.12 g/L/day). In microalgae culture, CO2 generally given directly through the aeration process. In this study, the source of CO2 was yeast, whereas yeast also obtained O2 from microalgae in the consortium for their metabolic process. This mutualism symbiosis will help in providing benefits in reducing the costs for the cultivation process, especially in optimizing the production of biomass an lipids.
Response of preservative chemicals on the shelf life of cut lilium (Lilium spp.) flower cv. ‘Pavia’
Authors: Brahma B. J. , Antil R. S. , Yadav S. K. , Kaushik N.
Published: March 2023

Lilium cut flowers have commercial importance and extending their vase life is vital. An increase in the vase life quality and quantity can directly increase the viability and price realization of commercially important flowers like lilium. Shelf life of cut lilium flower is influenced by using different preservative chemicals and sucrose added in vase solution. Such an extension of vase life can be achieved via chemical treatment. The trial was carried out to examine the effect of various concentration of two chemicals, AgNO3 (silver nitrate) and 8-HQC (8-Hydroxyquinoline citrate) along with sucrose on the shelf life of lilium cut flower cv. ‘Pavia’ (cross between Asiatic and Longiflorum lilies). In the experiment, sucrose (20%), 8-HQC at 3 concentrations (100, 150, 200 ppm) and AgNO3 at 3 concentrations (50, 75, 100 ppm) and water (distilled) as control were tested alone and with combinations. Cut flowers of lilium were treated at one bud opening stage. The trial was carried out in a completely randomized design (CRD) having 16 treatments and one control in three (3) replications. The fresh weight and relative fresh weight of the cut flower spike, opening of all flowers on a spike, vase solution uptake on a day, total vase solution uptake and vase life of lilium cut flower spike showed the best outcome with AgNO3 (50 ppm) and 20% sucrose treatment combination. Out of the two chemicals, silver nitrate showed better results than 8-HQC as a preservative in enhancing the shelf life of cut Lilium flower cv. ‘Pavia’. Analysis of this new and exciting method will be useful to research institutes, commercial producers, wholesalers, retailers, consumers or anyone to choose right chemical and concentration of holding solution to maximize the post-harvest life of lilium cut flowers.
Evaluation of selected promising land races of small cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton) in South India
Authors: Paul Jaison , G. Aishwarya , Yadav P Balarama Swamy , K. Pradip Kumar , A.B. Rema Shree
Published: March 2023

Small cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton.), often referred to as the 'queen of spices' is believed to have originated in the moist evergreen forests of the Western Ghats of South India. The present study was conducted at the Indian Cardamom Research Institute, Myladumpara, Idukki Dt. of Kerala. Different farmer's varieties, nine landraces viz., Njallani Green Gold, Thiruthali, Panikulangara Green Bold No.1, Wonder Cardamom, Elarajan, Arjun, Pappalu, PNS Vaigai, Pachaikkai and ICRI-5 as control were evaluated in the cardamom tract of Idukki District. The selected genotypes were evaluated in the field for three consecutive years. The data on growth and yield were recorded, pooled and analyzed. From the analysis, it was found that the genotype Njallani Green Gold performed well compared to other varieties with respect to the yield (1271.80 kg/ha) followed by Panikulangara Green Bold No.1 (1134.67 kg/ha) and more tillers (74.46) were found in the same clone also. The plant height was significantly higher in Elarajan (316.24 cm), followed by Panikulangara Green Bold No.1 (312.45 cm). The number of leaves was greater in Elarajan (16.72), followed by Panikulangara Green Bold No.1 (16.43). More vegetative buds were observed in Pappalu followed by Wonder Cardamom. Panicles per clump were more in Thiruthali (47.98), followed by Njallani Green Gold (46.59). Racemes per panicle were greater in Pachaikkai (26.57), followed by Njallani Green Gold (26.19). The number of capsules per racemes was more in Njallani Green Gold (9.59) followed by Panikulangara Green Bold No.1 (8.59). The results pointed out that each clone in the trial differs from another with respect to the characters studied. The findings could be used for further breeding studies in small cardamom.
Influence of different types of soils on the growth and yield of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Wild.)
Authors: Mobeena S. , Thavaprakaash N. , Vaiyapuri K. , Djanaguiraman M. , Geethanjali S. , Geetha P.
Published: March 2023

Quinoa is a resilient high-yielding pseudo cereal, gaining attention because of its high nutritional value, strong growth potential, and tremendous source of essential amino acids, micronutrients, vitamins, phenolic compounds, and minerals. The main aim of this investigation was to find the best suitable soil type for maximizing the growth and yield of Quinoa. The pot study was undertaken at the Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, during the Kharif 2022 season. Eight soil samples (clay loam soils of wetlands of TNAU, sandy loam soils of eastern block of TNAU, sandy loam soils of Mettupalayam, sandy clay loam soils of 36 B eastern block of TNAU, sandy clay loam soils of 37 B eastern block of TNAU, clay loam soils of Ooty, sandy clay loam soils of Govindanaickenpalayam and sandy clay loam soils of Annur) were collected round Coimbatore in Tamil Nadu and tested in a complete randomized design with three replications. The pot study results revealed that growth parameters viz. Plant height (81.5 cm), number of leaves plant-1 (164.8), leaf area (317.7 cm2), number of branches plant-1 (38.0) and dry matter production (22.78 g) were significantly higher in the clay loam soils of Ooty than all other soil types. Similarly, yield attributes such as the number of panicles plant-1 (21.7), panicle length (13.08 cm), number of grains panicle-1 (3050) and grain yield plant-1 (9.60 g) of Quinoa were also higher in the same clay loam soils followed by that in sandy clay loam soils of Govindanaickenpalayam. Red soils of Mettupalayam had shown the lowest growth, yield and yield attributes of Quinoa. Based on the above results, it was concluded that the clay loam soil of Ooty was the best suited for cultivating Quinoa crops.
Muhasebe Mesleğinde E-Dönüşümün Muhasebe Meslek Mensuplarının Mutluluk ve İş Tatmini Seviyeleri Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: ÖMÜRBEK Vesile , AKÇAKANAT Özen , KILINÇ Zehra
Published: March 2023

Günümüzde teknolojik gelişme birçok alanda yaşanmakta ve bu gelişmeler sürekli olarak kendini güncellemektedir. Teknolojik ilerleme birçok mesleği etkilediği gibi muhasebe mesleğini de büyük ölçüde etkilemiştir. Dijital ortama entegre edilen muhasebe bilgileri, fiziksel evrakların yanı sıra yeni bilgisayar programları ile işlem görmektedir. Bu durum, bilindik muhasebe mesleğini icra eden meslek mensuplarının da profilini değiştirmiştir. Önceleri elle yapılan birçok iş, dijital ortama aktarıldığı için muhasebe meslek mensupları dijital ortamda işlem yapma konusunda adapte olma süreci yaşamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı ise, muhasebe alanında yaşanan e-dönüşümün, muhasebe meslek mensuplarının mutluluk ve iş tatmini seviyeleri üzerinde nasıl bir etki yarattığını tespit etmektir. Bu doğrultuda, Antalya ilinde mesleklerini icra eden 154 muhasebe meslek mensuplarına anket uygulanmıştır. Analiz sonucunda ise, kullanılan hipotezler desteklenmiş ve e-dönüşüm öncesi muhasebe meslek mensuplarının mutluluk ve iş tatmin düzeyleri e-dönüşüm sonrasına göre anlamlı bir şekilde daha yüksek seviyede gerçekleştiği tespit edilmiştir.
Dijital Pazarlama Teknolojilerinin PIV ve CODAS Yöntemleri ile Analizi
Authors: KELEŞ Murat Kemal , ALACA Duygu
Published: March 2023

Dijital teknolojilerin hızla gelişmesi toplumsal yapılarda köklü reformlar yapmış, bireylerin iş yapma şekilleri, iletişim biçimleri, alışveriş yapma alışkanları, sosyalleşme biçimleri, eğlence alışkanlıkları gibi çok sayıda unsurda değişikliklere neden olmuştur. Bu süreçte rakiplerine karşı üstünlük sağlamak isteyen işletmeler, dijital teknolojileri kullanarak dijital ortamlarda farklı ve yeni satış, tanıtım ve pazarlama stratejileri geliştirerek, dijital pazarlama teknolojilerini en etkin şekilde kullanmak yönünde politikalar üretmeye başlamışlardır. Bu çalışmanın amacı işletmeler açısından oldukça önemli olan dijital pazarlama teknolojilerinin seçimini etkileyen ana ve alt faktörlerin önem derecelerine göre bir işletmenin kullanabileceği dijital pazarlama teknolojisi alternatiflerini sıralamak ve en uygununu belirlemektir. Çalışmada çok kriterli karar verme yöntemlerinden PIV ve CODAS yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizleri sonucunda, en uygun dijital pazarlama teknolojisi alternatifi “yapay zekâ” olarak belirlenirken en son sırayı “büyük veri” alternatifi almıştır. Ayrıca PIV, CODAS ve COPRAS yöntemlerinin aynı sıralama sonuçlara ulaştığı gözlemlenmiştir.
Fundamentals of Neurology a Psychophysiological Approach
Authors: Hayat Zara
Published: March 2023

Fundamentals of Neurology a Psychophysiological Approach
A new horizon for molecular neuro-oncology in clinical practice
Authors: Shehzadi Tabinda
Published: March 2023

A new horizon for molecular neuro-oncology in clinical practice
Lý giải trọn vẹn hiện tượng “gần tự sát” bằng lý thuyết mindsponge
Authors: Minh Nguyen Phuong
Published: March 2023

Nhiều năm trước, nhà khoa học Vương Quân Hoàng đã quan sát hiện tượng bệnh nhân ở Hà Nội bị bệnh nặng hoặc trọng thương có xu hướng từ bỏ việc điều trị y tế. Hành động này dẫn tới vô số hậu quả trầm trọng cho tình trạng của bệnh nhân, thậm chí là tử vong. Nhà khoa học gọi đây là hành động “gần tự sát”. Ông trăn trở “tại sao người bệnh lại từ bỏ chữa trị, có phải họ không sợ chết”.
Estimating the Velocity of Pyroclastic Density Currents Using an Operational Dual-PRF Radar
Authors: syarifuddin magfira
Published: March 2023

Pyroclastic density currents are one of the deadliest hazards produced by a volcano. Understanding their dynamics and generation mechanisms is key for developing better hazard mitigation strategies. This study presents a method for retrieving velocity profiles across a natural moving PDC, applied here to a PDC generated by collapsing column during the eruption of Sinabung Volcano, Indonesia, on 19 February 2018 at the onset time of 08:53:00. We used an operational dual Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) weather radar located 8 km to the SE of the volcano. For revealing estimated true Doppler velocity, we applied two different filters: median and Laplacian, to correct errors associated with dealiased Doppler velocities. The Laplacian filter method is found to be more effective to correct the dealiasing errors by producing continuous field of velocity, while manage to maintain its maximum interval. Following the dealiasing process, the velocity profile components were retrieved according to radar parameters such as Doppler velocities, coporal correlation, and reflectivity intensity factor. Exit velocities of 150 m/s were estimated from the updraft velocity component at 08:54:16 (76 s after the onset). A more than 50 dBZ reflectivity intensity factor of fallout velocity exceeding -50 m/s at 126 s occurred at 2.5 km above the vent and was linked to partial collapse of the eruptive plume. More dilute PDCs were recorded until 08:59:39 (399 s after onset), moving downslope at SE sector at a mean fallout velocity of -40 to -65 m/s with sustained mean updraft of 25 m/s. This updraft velocity reflects the lofting ash cloud associated with the PDCs. The extracted velocities are important parameter in numerical model of PDCs and tephra dispersal, enforcing the benefit of a weather radar to complement remote monitoring system of volcanic hazards.
Viscosity of anhydrous and hydrous peridotite melts
Authors: Di Genova Danilo , Bondar Dmitry , Zandonà Alessio , Valdivia Pedro , Al-Mukadam Raschid , Fei Hongzhan , Withers Anthony , Boffa Ballaran Tiziana , Kurnosov Alexander , McCammon Catherine , Deubener Joachim , Katsura Tomoo
Published: March 2023

The melt viscosity (η) of anhydrous and hydrous peridotite was investigated using a multipronged approach combining micropenetration viscometry, conventional DSC, flash DSC and Brillouin spectroscopy. Raman spectroscopy measurements were used to verify the absence of crystallization and/or degassing during high-temperature measurements of these extremely reactive glasses and melts, ensuring that the data corresponded to the crystal-free melt viscosity. Based on the experimental data, an accurate description of the viscosity of peridotite melts over thirteen orders of magnitude (from Tg to η ≈ 10−1 Pa s) is provided in a broad range of compositions and oxidation states. Since empirical models predict viscosities that can significantly deviate from measured data to varying degrees, a new model was developed for the temperature- and H2O-dependent viscosity of peridotite melts (up to 12 mol% H2O content).
forager: A Python package and web interface for modeling mental search
Authors: Kumar Abhilasha Ashok , Apsel Molly , Zhang Larry , Xing Nancy , Jones Michael N.
Published: March 2023

Analyzing data from the verbal fluency task (e.g., “name all the animals you can in a minute”) is of interest to both memory researchers and clinicians due to its broader implications for memory search and retrieval. Recent work has proposed several computational models to examine nuanced differences in search behavior, which can provide insights into the mechanisms underlying memory search. A prominent account of memory search within the fluency task was proposed by Hills, Jones, and Todd (2012), where mental search is modeled after how animals forage for food in physical space. Despite the broad potential utility of these models to scientists and clinicians, there is currently no open-source program to apply and compare existing foraging models or clustering algorithms without extensive, often redundant programming. To remove this barrier to studying search patterns in the fluency task, we created forager, a Python package (https://github.com/thelexiconlab/forager) and web interface (https://forager.research.bowdoin.edu/). forager provides multiple automated methods to designate clusters and switches within a fluency list, implements a novel set of computational models that can examine the influence of multiple lexical sources (semantic, phonological, and frequency) on memory search using semantic embeddings, and also enables researchers to evaluate relative model performance at the individual and group level. The package and web interface cater to users with various levels of programming experience. In this work, we introduce forager’s basic functionality and use cases that demonstrate its utility with pre-existing behavioral and clinical data sets of the semantic fluency task.
Loss avoidance can increase and decrease cooperation
Authors: Kuper-Smith Benjamin James , Korn Christoph
Published: March 2023

Decisions in social dilemmas lead to outcomes for oneself and others. These outcomes can be gains or losses, yet we lack a full understanding of how people’s decisions depend on which outcomes are above or below zero. We systematically varied whether the outcomes of social dilemmas (Prisoner’s Dilemma, Stag-Hunt, Chicken) were losses, gains, or combinations thereof. Across 7 experiments (4 preregistered; N Offline = 197, N Online = 1,653), participants consistently tried to avoid losses altogether (loss avoidance), but they did not try to minimise losses (loss aversion). If cooperation avoided losses, people cooperated more, if defection avoided losses, people defected more, even if this imposed a loss on someone else. Loss avoidance was larger for one-shot than for iterated games and was present in all games studied. Our results suggest that loss avoidance, rather than loss aversion, systematically influences how people cooperate.
A Case for `Killer Robots': Why in the Long Run Martial AI May Be Good for Peace
Authors: Arandjelović Ognjen
Published: March 2023

Purpose: The remarkable increase of sophistication of artificialintelligence in recent years has already led to its widespread use inmartial applications, the potential of so-called ‘killer robots’ ceasingto be a subject of fiction.Approach: Virtually without exception, this potential has generated fear, as evidenced by a mounting number of academic articles calling for the ban on the development and deployment of lethal autonomous robots (LARs). In the present paper I start with an analysis of the existing ethical objections to LARs.Findings: My analysis shows the contemporary thought to be deficient in philosophical rigour, these deficiencies leading to an alternative thesis.Value: I advance a thesis that LARs can in fact be a force forpeace, leading to fewer and less deadly wars.
Exploring the Production of Spatial Inequality in Dockless Bicycle Sharing in Shenzhen
Authors: Zhou Zhaoqi , Schwanen Tim
Published: March 2023

There have been rising concerns over the unequal geographical distribution of bicycle sharing services in cities. Previous research on inequalities of urban bikeshare tends to focus on quantitatively mapping out inequalities with big data from travel records. It has thus been unable to examine the causes, reproduction mechanisms, and consequences of observed spatial inequalities in detail. Using the case of Shenzhen, a Chinese megacity with strong governmental control on mobility and a historical legacy of urban segregation, this study aims to achieve a nuanced understanding of the mechanism through which supply, demand, and regulation of dockless bike interact to produce and reproduce spatial mobility inequalities. To achieve this, this study adopts a mixed-method approach consisting of survey, cyclist interviews and expert interviews. The resulting data analysis shows that both the use frequency and perceived accessibility of dockless bike are higher in wealthier and more central neighbourhoods. Moreover, strong governmental regulation in the form of a designated parking system, fleet quota distribution and point-based service evaluation have reproduced and enhanced spatial inequalities in dockless bike use and access. The findings suggest that policymakers and urban planners should be aware of spatial inequality as the side-effect of regulating dockless bike and more explicitly incorporate equity concerns into urban mobility planning.
Research-targeting, spillovers, and the direction of science: Evidence from HIV research-funding
Authors: Yaqub Ohid , Coburn Josie , Moore Duncan A.Q.
Published: March 2023

HIV/AIDS has been a major focus for research funders. The US National Institutes of Health (NIH) alone has spent over $70bn on HIV/AIDS. Such investments ushered in antiviral drugs, helping to reverse a rapidly growing HIV/AIDS pandemic. However, the idea that research can deliver unexpected benefits beyond its targeted field, in fact, predates HIV/AIDS to at least Vannevar Bush’s influential 1945 report. Cross-disease spillovers – research investments that yield benefits beyond the target disease – remains unexplored, even though it could inform both priority-setting and calculations of returns on research investments. To this end, we took a sample of NIH’s HIV grants and examined their publications. We analyzed 118,493 publications and found that 62% of these were spillovers. We used Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms assigned to publications to explore the content of these spillovers, as well as to corroborate non-spillovers. We located spillovers on a network of MeSH co-occurrence, drawn from the broader universe of biomedical publications, for comparison. We found that HIV spillovers were unevenly distributed across disease-space, and often in close proximity to HIV (60% local; 40% remote). We further reviewed 1,000 grant–publication pairs from a local sample and 1,000 pairs from a remote sample. For local spillovers, a quarter seemed to be unexpected, on the basis of their grant description; for remote spillovers, that proportion increased to one third. We also found that the NIH funding institutes whose remits were most closely related to HIV/AIDS were less likely to produce spillovers than others. We discuss implications for theory and policy.
Unexpectedness in medical research
Authors: Aslan Yasemin , Yaqub Ohid , Sampat Bhaven N. , Rotolo Daniele
Published: March 2023

Whether research funding is targetable is one of the central unresolved questions of science policy. A particular question is how often research aimed at understanding one disease or problem spills over to others. This has been a perennial topic of debate at the world’s largest single funding body of biomedical research, the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH). Critics of the agency’s priority-setting process have repeatedly called for better alignment between funding and disease burden, and patient advocates for specific diseases for more funding for their causes. In response, opponents of planning have argued that research in one area frequently leads to advances in others. In this paper, we provide new evidence to inform these debates by examining the extent to which research funding (grants) in one scientific or disease area leads to research findings (publications) in another. We used the NIH’s Research, Condition, and Disease Categorization (RCDC) to identify categories for NIH grants awarded between 2008 and 2016. We applied machine-learning to map text to these categories and use this model to categorize publications resulting from these grants. We categorized over 1.2 million publications, resulting from over 90,000 grants. We found that 70% of the publications have at least one RCDC category not in its grant, which we termed “unexpected” categories. On average, 40% of categories assigned to a publication were unexpected. After adjusting for similarity across some of the RCDC categories by empirically clustering the categories, we found 58% of the publications had at least one unexpected category and, on average, 33% of publication categories were unexpected. Our results suggest that disease-orientation and clinical research were less likely to be associated with spillovers. Grants resulting from targeted requests for applications were more likely to result in publications with unexpected categories, though the magnitude of the differences was relatively small.
Causal Mediation in Panel Data – Estimation Based on Difference in Differences
Authors: Holm Anders , Breen Richard
Published: March 2023

We propose a novel way of estimating direct and indirect causal effects for panel data. Our method applies when the treatment and the mediator can be coded as binary variables. We exploit pre-treatment and pre-mediator differences in outcomes between the mediated and non-mediated groups within the treated units. Our method is applicable when the mediator is realized both before and after treatment or when it is only a consequence of the treatment. We apply our method to the New Jersey minimum wage policy data and show that a minimal effect on overall employment is mediated through part-time employment.
Marx's Primitive Accumulation as a perspective on Nature, Race and Gender
Authors: Van Vossole Jonas
Published: March 2023

This text systematizes Marx's approach of primitive accumulation and Rosa Luxemburg’s approach of imperialism as a tool to re-understand nature, race and gender as a relation between capital, the state and its boundaries. It analyses how the capitalist mode of production is reflected in the Modern relation between Nature and Labour, and how Race and Gender are produced as Nature. We focus on primitive accumulation of Nature in Marx and its influence on Rosa Luxemburg’s theory of imperialism. It then seeks to apply Luxemburg's approach to analyze the relation between state, frontiers, nature and politics in the context of Capitalism - and applies the framework of primitive accumulation/accumulation by dispossession of Nature to understand Race and Gender. This paper seeks to understand different forms of exploitation and discrimination through value theory and thus a form of understanding of capitalism that facilitates unified forms of anti-capitalist struggle and solidarity.
Review of “Career and Family: Women’s Century-Long Journey Toward Equity” by Claudia Goldin
Authors: Schneider Benjamin
Published: March 2023

Review of “Career and Family: Women’s Century-Long Journey Toward Equity” by Claudia Goldin
Review of “Welfare Theory, Public Action, and Ethical Values: Revisiting the History of Welfare Economics” edited by Roger E. Backhouse, Antoinette Baujard and Tamatsu Nishizawa
Authors: Igersheim Herrade
Published: March 2023

Review of “Welfare Theory, Public Action, and Ethical Values: Revisiting the History of Welfare Economics” edited by Roger E. Backhouse, Antoinette Baujard and Tamatsu Nishizawa.
Shifted out: the well-being and justice implications of evening and night commuting
Authors: Palm Matthew , Allen Jeff , Farber Steven
Published: March 2023

This study analyses shift work commuting. We ask: who works evening and night shifts, how do they commute, and how does working these shifts impact activity participation and wellbeing? We answer these questions using two national datasets. Our results offer four overarching findings. First, we find significant demographic differences along lines of race, poverty status, immigration, and household type, differences reflecting occupational segregation. Black, Filipino, South Asian, and Indigenous commuters are significantly overrepresented. Second, evening and night shift workers are more likely to commute as car passengers or by bus or walking. Third, we find limited evidence that shift workers make fewer overall trips throughout the day. Fourth, we find that while shift workers have significantly lower life satisfaction, auto ownership may ameliorate this impact. In light of these results, we conclude that improving the transport situation for shift-workers is essential to advancing both wellbeing and transportation justice.
Permasalahan Pendidikan di Indonesia Serta Inovasi Pendidikan Menjadi Solusi Permasalahan
Authors: .S Ega Nasywa Salsabila
Published: March 2023

Artikel ini ditulis untuk membahas mengenai suatu permasalahan pendidikan di Indonesia padahal pendidikan ini suatu hal yang menjadi pokok dalam suatu kemajuan bangsa. Kemajuan suatu bangsa dapat dilihat dari bagaimana kualitas pendidikan di bangsa dan negara tersebut. Oleh karena itu, dalam tulisan ini disebutkan beberapa permasalahan yang ada di pendidikan Indonesia. Selain itu, adanya inovasi pendidikan juga dapat membantu permasalahan pendidikan ini sedikit teratasi dengan menciptakan sebuah pembaharuan-pembaharuan mengenai suatu pembelajaran oleh tenaga pendidik. Dengan adanya tulisan ini diharapkan akan memunculkan inovasi-inovasi pendidikan yang lebih baik lagi dan bisa membangun Indonesia mejadi lebih baik dan lebih maju sehingga dapat mempersiapkan manusia yang berkualitas.
INOVASI PENDIDIKAN: DALAM UPAYA PENYELESAIAN MASALAH PENDIDIKAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Pratama Muhammad Rizki
Published: March 2023

Artikel ini menjelaskan tentang pentingnya inovasi dalam pendidikan sebagai bagian dari upaya mengatasi masalah pendidikan di Indonesia. Pendidikan dan masyarakat merupakan dua aspek yang saling berkaitan, yaitu apa yang terjadi dalam dunia pendidikan merupakan gambaran sesungguhnya dari realita kehidupan sosial yang kompleks. Namun, rumus hubungan timbal balik tidak selalu proporsional. Perkembangan sosial berubah setiap hari, dan sektor pendidikan masih menghadapi berbagai masalah yang tidak mudah diselesaikan. Berdasarkan pengertian tersebut, inovasi di bidang pendidikan sangat dibutuhkan oleh setiap orang yang peduli terhadap perkembangan pendidikan sebagai bentuk perbaikan untuk memajukan pendidikan di Indonesia saat ini.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Family Planning among Currently Married PAHARI Cast Women in Nepal
Authors: Kafle Rameshwor
Published: March 2023

Family planning contributes to improving health and ensuring access to adequate food, clothing, housing, and educational opportunities for people. This study simply tried to analyze the “Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of family planning among PAHARI cast women” with respect to socio-economic condition of the sample size of the population in the study area. The study found that knowledge of at least one modern method of family planning is almost universal among currently married PAHARI cast women. This study found more than 98 percent PAHARI has knowledge of at least one family planning method but the users are only 62.7 per cent of any method and the modern method family planning users are only 60 per cent. These finding figures clear the low-use patterns of family planning devices in the study population of the study area.
GIS based Approach for Suitability Analysis of Residential Land Use
Authors: Karna Bikash Kumar , Shrestha Shobha , Koirala Hriday Lal
Published: March 2023

Developing countries in particular are experiencing a tremendous rise in urbanization. Population growth and internal migration generated rapid urbanization and uncontrolled infrastructure construction in urban and semi urban area in Nepal. In general, local needs for infrastructure development, and construction of housing and apartments are typically used to select the most suitable site for residential use. Identification of the criterion is crucial to a suitability analysis based on local needs. Site suitability analysis is used for identification of the best location or site for residential area using geographic information system (GIS) based on multi-criteria evaluation (MCE). Majority of research work, spatial analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is a suitable tool and used in suitability analysis purpose. The criteria were determined through prior work and customized in the local situation interaction with land use planner as expert perspective and focus group discussions, and utilized in land suitability analysis. In this study, GIS-MCE-AHP models is applied as an effective approach of spatial decision making process and play efficient vital role for identifying the potential areas for residential use. In the suitability residential index map, suitable level of residential area is covered only 5% and 38% land covered with the moderate suitable for residential area in Sambhunath municipality. The suitable for residential area is mainly occurred along the major road network and surrounding to the existing settlement area. GIS conjunction with MCE and AHP is useful for conducting land suitability analysis and serving as planning tool for suitable residential site.
Entrepreneurial Intention of Business Students Inside Pokhara Valley
Authors: Lamichhane Baburam
Published: March 2023

Entrepreneurship creates a significant opportunity for individuals to achieve financial independence and benefit the economy by contributing to job creation, innovation, and economic growth. Most universities offer courses and programs in entrepreneurship. However, there is little understanding of the factors that affect students’ intentions of becoming entrepreneurs and the role of their family business background on students’ entrepreneurial attitudes and intentions. Thus, the objective of this study is to analyze entrepreneurial intention among both undergraduates and graduate students of business in Pokhara Valley. The sample size of the study is 150 has been taken as a purposive sampling technique. Along with that, questionnaires have been distributed to the business students of Pokhara. This study applied descriptive and analytical research design, which uses a quantitative method to meet the objective. The data analysis found that respondents are highly interested in entrepreneurship as a career and they prefer to become entrepreneurs most rather than going abroad or do a job. From the analysis of the study, the dependent variable entrepreneurial Intention has a significant relationship with independent variables personal attitude and interest and relational support whereas; it doesn’t have any significant relationship with structural support, entrepreneurship education, and family occupation. Therefore, through the data analysis concerning entrepreneurship, the results have many implications. First, since business students are persuaded towards entrepreneurship as a career, they should be given tremendous opportunities and environment. Second, entrepreneurship education should be improved with additional training to fulfil the intention of entrepreneurship. Thus, this study has tried to present the real scenario of the entrepreneurial intention of business students in Pokhara.
Association between clinical, radiological, and hematological profile of children with pneumonia
Authors: Timilsina Mukunda , Basnet Sahisnuta , Mishra Aparna
Published: March 2023

Background: Patients with pneumonia present with varying symptoms, X-ray features and changes in the blood parameters.
Objectives: To find out the association between clinical, radiological, and haematological profile of children with pneumonia.
Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 130 children aged two to 60 months admitted to the paediatric ward of Manipal Teaching Hospital, who were chosen by convenience sampling technique from December 2019 to November 2020, and clinical, radiological and haematological parameters compared. The observed data were analysed using SPSS 20.
Results: . Of the 130 children studied, 80 (61.5%) were male and 50 (38.5%) were female. History of prior admission for respiratory illness was seen in 75 (57.7%) patients Bronchopneumonia was seen in 72 (55.4%) patients and lobar pneumonia in 37 (28.5%) patients. Cough 122 (93.8%), Noisy breathing 86 (66.15%), Fever 70 (53.84%) and Fast breathing 67 (51.54%) were the most common presenting complaints. Patients with lobar pneumonia were more likely to present with fever than those with Bronchopneumonia (p-value 0.015). Those with history of prior admission were more likely to present with wheeze (p-value 0.035) and crepitations (p-value 0.024) than those admitted for the first time. Also, those presenting with crepitations as lung finding, were found to present with significantly lower total White blood cells (WBC) counts (p-value 0.012).
Conclusion: There seems to be a significant association between fever as presenting complaint and lobar pneumonia. Also, those with history of prior admission are more likely to have lung signs (wheeze/crepitations) at presentation.
कि त आज घरमा कोही मानिस छैन ? कवितामा साइबर संस्कृति {Or is there no one at home today? in poetry Cyber ​​culture}
Authors: गैरे Gaire शंकरप्रसाद Shankarprasad
Published: March 2023

प्रस्तुत अनुसन्धानात्मक लेख गोविन्दराज भट्टराईको ‘कि त आज घरमा कोही मानिस छैन ?’ कविताको विश्लेषणमा आधारित छ । यस लेखमा वर्तमान समयमा मान्छे यन्त्रबाट परिचालित हुँदै गएको अवस्थामा गोविन्दराज भट्टराईद्वारा लेखिएको यस कविताले वर्तमान अवस्थामा मान्छे यन्त्र चालित हुँदै गैरहेको अवस्थालाई कसरी प्रस्तुत गरेको छ भन्ने विषयलाई केन्द्रमा राखेर कविताको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । पछिल्लो समयलाई उत्तर आधुनिक युग भनिन्छ । विज्ञानको चरम विकासले मान्छेको स्वभाव, संस्कारमै परिवर्तन ल्याएको छ । मान्छे आधा मान्छे र आधा यन्त्र बनेको छ । उसमा मानवीय संवेदना मर्दै गएको छ । अर्कातर्फ यन्त्रनै आधामानव भैदिएको छ । यसले गर्दा मान्छे मान्छेबाट टाढिँदै गएको छ भने यन्त्रसँग आत्मीय बन्दै गैरहेको छ भन्नेभावलाई प्रस्तुत गरिएको यस कवितामा साइबर संस्कृति र सभ्यताको नकारात्मक पक्षलाई कसरी उठाइएको छ र साइबरले मान्छेमान्छे बीचको सम्बन्धमा कसरी दुरी सिर्जना गर्दै गएको छ भन्ने समस्यामा केन्द्रित रहेर साइबर साहित्यको सैद्धान्तिक अवधारणाका आधारमा यस कविताको विश्लेषण गरी प्रस्तुत शोध्य लेखमा कवितामा प्रयुक्त साइबर संस्कृति र त्यसले सिर्जना गरेको सभ्यतालाई सैद्धान्तिक पर्याधारका दृष्टिबाट पुष्टि गरिएको छ ।
अर्को क्षितिजको खोज कथामा विश्वदृष्टि {A worldview in the story of the discovery of another horizon}
Authors: तिवारी Tiwari जीवनाथ Jivanath
Published: March 2023

भागीरथी श्रेष्ठद्वारा लिखित विभ्रम कथासङ्ग्रहमा सङ्गृहीत अर्को क्षितिजको खोज कथा पारिवारिक विषयवस्तुमा केन्द्रित रहेको देखिन्छ । प्रस्तुत कथामा अभिभावक अर्थात् मातृपितृ वर्गको पुरानो पुस्ता र तिनका सन्ततिहरूको नवीन पुस्ता गरी दुईवटा पुस्ता विश्वदृष्टिका केन्द्र बनेका छन् । यस खालका पुराना र नयाँखालका पुस्ताले जीवनजगत्का बारेमा भिन्न भिन्न विश्वदृष्टिको विकास गरेका छन् । सन्ततिहरूलाई अटुट माया गर्ने, उनीहरूको शिक्षादीक्षामा विशेष चासो राख्ने, गरगहना बेचेर दुःख कष्ट सहेर भए पनि आफ्ना सन्ततिहरूको उज्वल भविष्यको लागि सधै चिन्तित रहने पुरानो पुस्तामा विकसित आशावादी विश्वदृष्टि र नवीन पुस्तामा विकसित अभिभावकहरूलाई तिरस्कार अपमान तथा घृणा गर्ने एकल परिवारमा रमाउने चरम पुँजीवादका कारण विकसित हुँदै गइरहेको विमा नवीकरणको विश्वदृष्टि विकसित भएको पाइन्छ । नवीन पुस्तास्वार्थ प्रेरित ढङ्गले अगाडि बढ्दै गएको छ । शिक्षित सहरिया सम्पन्न परिवारमा एकल परिवारको अवधारणा विकसित हुँदै गइरहेको छ । सहरिया सम्पन्नताले मानवता, मानवीय धर्म र कर्तव्य पातलिँदै गएको छ । यसरी विकसित विश्वदृष्टिले संरचनाको समान धर्मितासमेत कायम गरेको छ ।
A INFLUÊNCIA DO CRONOTIPO NOS NÍVEIS DE ANSIEDADE E CONSUMO MÁXIMO DE OXIGÊNIO EM JOVENS
Authors: Martins Taynah Oliveira , Fernandes Ana Carolina Talkane Vasques , Nunes Rodolfo Soares Mendes , Vieira Elaine Cristina
Published: March 2023

Objetivo: O presente estudo analisou a relação entre cronotipo, níveis de ansiedade, depressão e estresse, bem como níveis de condicionamento cardiorrespiratório em jovens. Métodos: Foi analisado um total de 36 participantes com idades entre 18 e 28 anos, saudáveis e que atendessem ao cronotipo matutino e vespertino. Análises de nível de atividade física, consumo máximo de oxigênio, níveis de depressão, ansiedade e estresse foram realizadas com testes específicos. Resultados: O nível de atividade física mostrou que a porcentagem dos matutinos suficientemente ativos foi de 58% comparado com 23.5% dos vespertinos. Mulheres com cronotipo vespertino apresentaram níveis menores de VO2máx quando comparados com as mulheres com cronotipo matutino (p=0.04). Os participantes vespertinos apresentaram níveis maiores de ansiedade (p=0.02) comparados com os matutinos e esses dados foram evidentes nos participantes do sexo feminino onde as mulheres do cronotipo vespertino apresentaram níveis maiores de ansiedade (p=0.03) comparados com mulheres de cronotipo matutino. Conclusão: Portanto, o estudo conclui que indivíduos do cronotipo vespertino apresentaram menores níveis de atividade física e maiores níveis de ansiedade evidenciados principalmente nas mulheres.
RELAÇÃO DO CONSUMO DE OXIGÊNIO DE PICO COM INDICADORES ANTROPOMÉTRICOS DE SOBREPESO E OBESIDADE E MATURAÇÃO SOMÁTICA EM ADOLESCENTES
Authors: Santini Mônica Mari , Mello Julio Brugnara
Published: March 2023

O número de crianças e adolescentes com índice de sobrepeso e obesidade está aumentando. Já é consolidado que o baixo condicionamento cardiorrespiratório tem relação com riscos cardiovasculares e metabólicos. O objetivo desse trabalho é avaliar o nível de condicionamento cardiorrespiratório em adolescentes do ensino médio e relacionar com indicadores de sobrepeso e obesidade e a maturação somática. O método utilizado caracteriza-se como transversal com método associativo e abordagem quantitativa. Participaram do estudo 51 adolescentes de duas escolas (privada e pública) de uma cidade da região serrana do RS. Após medição dos índices antropométricos foi realizado um teste de campo para medição do VO²Pico. As associações indicaram que a razão cintura/quadril foi o indicador antropométrico que mais se associou com o VO2pico, independente da distância para o pico de velocidade do crescimento. Todavia quando analisamos os sexos em separado, essa associação manteve o padrão apenas nas meninas, indicando que o sexo é um moderador na associação entre razão cintura/quadril, maturação somática e VO2pico em adolescentes.