bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulation of Underwater Explosive Welding Process
Authors: Sun Wei , Li Xiao Jie , Hokamoto Kazuyuki
Published: July 2013

Recently, underwater explosive welding shows its advantage in some difficult-to-weld combinations such as material with thin thickness, high hardness, and fragile quality. The pattern of the typical wave morphology in the interface of the welding specimen indicates the suitability of the selected experimental parameters and sound strength of the laminates. For the existence of the water, traditional Gurney formula and Aziz formula can not directly be used to evaluate the velocity and acceleration process of the flyer plate. Numerical simulation is necessary and irreplaceable for existing knowledge. Underwater explosive welding process was numerically simulated by ANSYS/LS-DYNA to explore the underwater shock wave and deformation process of the flyer plate. Velocity and pressure distribution of welding plates were obtained. The velocity of the flyer plate could satisfy the minimum velocity in explosive welding. It was found that water prevented the gross distortion and ensured the integrity of the composite laminate. Welding rate was increased by expanding the size of the explosive.
Estimation of Initial State Dependence of Detonation Velocity Using Unified Form of EOS for PETN
Authors: Kubota Shiro , Saburi Tei , Ogata Yuji , Nagayama Kunihito
Published: July 2013

The relationship between the initial temperature dependence of the detonation velocity and the initial density is examined using a proposed unified form of the EOS for pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). First, the derivatives of the variables at Chapman-Jouguet (C-J) points are calculated. These derivatives are used to investigate the initial state dependence of the detonation velocity using the relationship between the detonation velocity and the initial state variables. As a result, the contributions of the coefficient of thermal expansion and the increment of the initial internal energy to the detonation velocity are clarified. We found that the initial temperature derivative of the detonation velocity can be estimated from the initial density derivative of the detonation velocity.
Detonation Velocity Measurement and Numerical Simulation for the System Consisting of Pellet Explosives and Air Gaps
Authors: Kubota Shiro , Saburi Tei , Ogata Yuji , Nagayama Kunihito
Published: July 2013

The purpose of this study is to reconstruct the equation of state (EOS) whose parameters can be applied for high energetic material of arbitrary initial density without any modification. The simulation for detonation propagation in arbitrary initial density was proposed as the new method for obtaining the information of the EOS for detonation products of arbitrary initial density. At the same time, to collect the experimental data which verify the applicability of the numerical simulation, the detonation velocity for the system consisting of the pellet explosives and air gaps were conducted. The thickness of the 20 mm diameter pellet explosive was 10 mm, and air gaps were varied 0.5 mm to 2.0 mm. The relationship between detonation velocity and experimental condition was clarified for composition A5. The proposed one dimensional simulation was also conducted. The relationships between the pressure and the specific volume for detonation products were extracted from the proposed simulation
Erythema annulare centrifugum-like eruption associated with pegylated interferon treatment for hepatitis C
Authors: Naccarato Mark , Yoong Deborah , Solomon Robert , Ostrowski Mario
Published: July 2013

Current standard of treatment for chronic hepatitis C virus infection requires the use of pegylated interferon plus ribavirin. Treatment with these two agents has been associated with numerous side effects, which frequently include dermatologic eruptions. We report a cutaneous eruption associated with interferon having clinical presentation of erythema annulare centrifugum. The eruption occurred within days of the first interferon injection and repeatedly flared following subsequent injections. Our patient was able to continue therapy without interruption, while managing the reaction with topical corticosteroid and oral antihistamine. We conclude that this is a benign cutaneous eruption associated with interferon which can be managed without dis- continuing treatment for hepatitis C.
VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR ABNORMALITIES STUDIED IN THE MOUSE MODEL: WHAT WE LEARNED ABOUT VWF FUNCTIONS
Authors: Casari Caterina , Denis Cecile V
Published: July 2013

Up until recently, von Willebrand Factor (VWF) structure-function relationships have only been studied through in vitro approaches. A powerful technique known as hydrodynamic gene transfer, which allows transient expression of a transgene by mouse hepatocytes, has led to an important shift in VWF research. Indeed this approach has now enabled us to transiently express a number of VWF mutants in VWF-deficient mice in order to test the relative importance of specific residues in different aspects of VWF biology and functions in an in vivo setting. As a result, mice reproducing various types of von Willebrand disease have been generated, models that will be useful to test new therapies. This approach also allowed a more precise identification of the importance of VWF interaction with subendothelial collagens and with platelets receptors in hemostasis and thrombosis. The recent advances gathered from these studies as well as the pros and cons of the technique will be reviewed here.
Classification and mapping of the composition and structure of dry woodland and savanna in the eastern Okavango Delta
Authors: Tedder Michelle J. , Kirkman Kevin P. , Morris Craig D. , Trollope Winston S.W. , Bonyongo Mpaphi C.
Published: July 2013

The dry woodland and savanna regions of the Okavango Delta form a transition zone between the Okavango Swamps and the Kalahari Desert and have been largely overlooked in terms of vegetation classification and mapping. This study focused on the species composition and height structure of this vegetation, with the aim of identifying vegetation classes and providing a vegetation map accompanied by quantitative data. Two hundred and fifty-six plots (50 m × 50 m) were sampled and species cover abundance, total cover and structural composition were recorded. The plots were classified using agglomerative, hierarchical cluster analysis using group means and Bray-Curtis similarity and groups described using indicator species analysis. In total, 23 woody species and 28 grass species were recorded. Acacia erioloba and Colophospermum mopane were the most common woody species, whilst Urochloa mossambicensis, Panicum maximum, Dactyloctenium gigantiumand Eragrostis lehmanniana were the most widespread grasses. Eleven vegetation types were identified, with the most widespread being Short mixed mopane woodland, Tall mopane woodland and Tall mixed mopane woodland, covering 288.73 km2 (28%), 209.14 km2 (20%) and 173.30 km2 (17%) of the area, respectively. Despite their extensive area, these three vegetation types were the least species-rich, whilst Palm thornveld, Short mixed broadleaf woodland and Open mixed Acacia woodland were the most taxonomically variable. By contrast, Closed mixed Acacia woodland and Closed Acacia–Combretum woodland had the most limited distribution, accounting for less than 1% of the mapped area each.Conservation implications: The dry woodland and savanna vegetation of the Okavango Delta comprises a much wider suite of plant communities than the Acacia-dominated and Mopane-dominated classifications often used. This classification provided a more detailed understanding of this vegetation and essential background information for monitoring, management and research.
'Belonging before believing': Some missiological implications of membership and belonging in a Christian community
Authors: Weyers Mario , Saayman Willem
Published: July 2013

In the final stages of the modern period the power of hegemonic ideologies is coming to an end as people identify less with grand ideologies and more with subcultures related to technology and social and economic networks of different kinds. The post-Christendom phase has begun and is radically challenging Christendom notions of membership and ministry. We have to assume that in a post-Christendom society, the familiarity with Christian concepts will fade as the decline of Christendom has meant that Christian discourse has been losing its status as a lingua franca. It is therefore important that the church will anticipate longer journeys towards faith and not move on to disciple new converts too quickly. Post-Christendom evangelisation will consequently take longer, start further back and move more slowly. For these reasons the authors propose that the question of standards for membership be reconsidered where churches are planted in postmodern contexts. They propose that the old order of �believing before belonging� be replaced by �belonging before believing�.
Treatment of Childhood Psoriasis with Phototherapy and Photochemotherapy
Authors: Corrales Irene Lara , Ramnahne Sabrina , Lansang Perla
Published: July 2013

Phototherapy and photochemotherapy are well-described treatment modalities for psoriasis in adults. Like many other treatments, the experience and long-term safety of their use in children is limited. We conducted a literature search and identified publications reporting the use of phototherapy and photochemotherapy in pediatric populations. This article summarizes the existing literature on this topic. Although many studies report good improvement with these treatment modalities, long-term safety data on their use is lacking for pediatric patients.
Does Public Deficit Mean Inflation? A Reflection on the Kaleckian and Minskian Tradition
Authors: Tuñez-Area Narciso
Published: July 2013

This paper analyses the determination of prices within a Kaleckian and Minskian framework. In the Minskian model, public deficit generates mark-up inflation, a result that resembles Neo-Keynesian models of growth. In the Kaleckian model, an increase in aggregate demand is not absorbed by inflated prices but by a higher utilisation of capacity. This paper discusses issues at the core of Post-Keynesian thought.
New Monetary Policy and Keynes
Authors: Arestis Philip
Published: July 2013

The purpose of this paper is to compare new developments on the monetary policy front, or what is known as inflation targeting, with some of Keynes's ideas as propounded in a pamphlet in 1932. A number of the ingredients of the new monetary policy approach can be found in Keynes, especially that of central bank independence. However, new monetary policy is a major policy prescription closely associated with the New Consensus Macroeconomics. The ideas and policy implications of this new consensus, however, are very different from Keynes's ideas on central banking and monetary policy. We explore these propositions in this contribution.
Currency Unions, the Phillips Curve, and Stabilization Policy: Some Suggestions for Europe
Authors: Palley Thomas I.
Published: July 2013

This paper examines the implications of a currency union for monetary policy. The formation of a currency union worsens the inflation-unemployment trade-off, so that leaving the inflation target unchanged at its pre-currency union level generates increased unemployment. Geographically based fiscal automatic stabilizers can improve the inflation-unemployment trade-off, which has bearings on the Euro area's Stability and Growth Pact. Financial intermediary balance sheet regulation based on asset-based reserve requirements (ABRR) can provide additional country-specific policy instruments. ABRR alleviate the targets and instruments problem afflicting the monetary authority in a currency union context. This is important for the European Central Bank, which is trying to manage divergent country growth rates with a single interest rate instrument.
How to Deal With Economic Divergences in EMU?
Authors: Mathieu Catherine , Sterdyniak Henri
Published: July 2013

Since the launch of the euro, persistent and even rising disparities among member states have made it difficult to implement short-term or structural common economic policies. The article gives an overview of Euro area disparities in terms of growth and inflation and imbalances, mainly unemployment and current accounts. Four explanations are considered: the benefits of the single currency for catching-up countries, the weaknesses of the Euro area economic policy framework; the implementation of non-cooperative domestic policies which have induced excessive competition and insufficient coordination and hurt mainly the larger economies; and the crisis of the European continental model in a global world. Four strategies are discussed: increasing market flexibility; moving towards the knowledge society of the Lisbon Agenda; re-nationalising economic policies; and introducing a more growth-oriented policy framework.
Capital Flows, Turbulences, and Distribution: The Case of Turkey
Authors: Onaran Özlem
Published: July 2013

This paper presents the mechanism of the boom-bust cycles in the context of domestic and international financial liberalisation in the developing countries, and the effects of crises and exchange rate volatility on functional income distribution. It is based on the case of Turkey, which has experienced two severe crises in 1994 and 2001 after the liberalisation of capital flows, and which has also been hit the hardest during the May-June 2006 turbulences. The paper analyses the recent turbulences in the global economy and their consequences in the emerging markets as a case study to illustrate the endogenous formation of expectations. The recovery in Turkey after the turmoil is not based on a solution to the structural causes of the problem, since it has completely depended on the reversal of the capital outflows thanks to high interest rate, but the continuity of this game is far from clear.
The Economic Consequences of Demographic Change: Its Impact on Growth, Investment and the Capital Stock
Authors: Tichy Gunther
Published: July 2013

The traditional debate on the real and financial consequences of ageing is based on two assumptions: a deteriorating old-age dependency ratio and declining productivity of an ageing population. Both suppositions are questionable. Relevant for the future burden is not the old-age dependency ratio but the relation of the working to the non-working part of the population, which will deteriorate only slightly as the number of unemployed and of early pensioners will decline as a consequence of the shrinking working-age population. The productivity of an ageing society may increase even if individual productivity shrinks with ageing: this is a consequence of the increasing disability-free life expectancy and of factor-price induced higher capital intensity. The coming problems of ageing are, therefore, less threatening than suspected in the popular and in parts of the professional literature, especially under some supporting labour market policy.
Redistributive Impacts of Government and Private Household Activities. Trends in Equivalized Household Net Incomes and Intra-household Earnings in Germany, 1985–2005
Authors: Krause Peter
Published: July 2013

The paper examines the development of incomes in Germany at different welfare levels, together with current trends in poverty. The analyses are based on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) study, which provides detailed annual information on incomes starting in the mid-1980s. Results show that increased inequality is mainly in pre-governmental income and thus not primarily the result of diminishing redistribution measures by the government. The results also indicate that the increasing labor market inequality is further intensified by decreasing redistributive activities of private households. Intra-household earnings analyses reveal that despite rising female labor market participation, intra-household inequality has remained remarkably stable. Earnings profiles between male and female household heads are now much more multifaceted than before, which might be regarded as a dynamic intra-household strategy of protection against growing market risks.
A Microfounded Herding Model and Its Estimation On German Survey Expectations
Authors: Franke Reiner
Published: July 2013

The paper considers the dynamic adjustments of an average opinion index that can be derived from a microfounded framework where the individual agents switch between two kinds of sentiment with certain transition probabilities. The index can thus represent a general business climate, i.e., expectations about the future course of the economy. This approach is empirically tested with the survey expectations published by the ZEW and ifo institute. The estimated coefficients make economic sense and are highly significant. In particular, besides effects from fundamental data like the output gap in the recent past, one can identify a strong herding mechanism within both panels, such that the agents do not just join the majority but, metaphorically speaking, follow each single motion of the crowd. In addition, the transition probabilities of the ZEW agents are found to be influenced by the ifo climate but not the other way around.
Editorial to the Special Issue
Authors: Hein Eckhard , Niechoj Torsten , Stockhammer Engelbert
Published: July 2013

First paragraph

During the recent decades the financial sectors of developed and developing countries as well as global financial relations have changed remarkably. The overall importance of financial factors for real investment and growth of non-financial business has risen, as has the financial activity of non-financial corporations. Power relations between shareholders in joint stock companies, management, and labourers seem to have changed. The development of new financial instruments, together with the booms in stock market and real estate prices, has increased the potential for wealth-based and debt-financed consumption. As a result of these developments financial fragility (Minsky 1977) has increased. The current financial turbulences, generated by the sub-prime mortgage crisis in the USA and spreading over international financial markets since summer 2007, may be seen as a result of this increased fragility. Finally, global financial relations and conditions have changed with the rapid development in Asia and the associated current account surpluses, in particular in China but also in Japan.
Who is Afraid of Asian FX Interventions? Large Lessons for Europe from a Three-asset-portfolio Model
Authors: Dullien Sebastian
Published: July 2013

The paper develops a three-asset-portfolio model to analyse consequences of foreign exchange market operations by Asian central banks on the exchange rates between euro, dollar and an Asian currency. It is found that – contrary to public belief – the purchase of dollar assets by Asian central banks strengthens the dollar against both the euro and the Asian currency. A diversification of Asian central bank reserves from dollar into euro would weaken the dollar against both other currencies. Thus, such a diversification would be incompatible with Asian currency pegs. However, it is shown that Asian central banks could alter their relative portfolio composition while keeping the peg intact if they shifted from intervening against the dollar into intervening against the euro.
Supersymmetry and the Hopf fibration
Authors: Davis Simon
Published: July 2013

The Serre spectral sequence of the Hopf fibration S15 S7→S8 is computed. It is used in a study of supersymmetry and actions based on this fibration.
Money Creation and Financial Instability: An Agent-Based Credit Network Approach
Authors: Lengnick Matthias , Krug Sebastian , Wohltmann Hans-Werner
Published: July 2013

The authors develop a simple agent-based and stock flow consistent model of a monetary economy. Their model is well suited to explain money creation along the lines of mainstream theory. Additionally it uncovers a potential instability that follows from a maturity mismatch of assets and liabilities. The authors analyze the impact of interbank lending on the stability of the financial sector and find that an interbank market stabilizes the economy during normal times but amplifies systemic instability, contagion and bankruptcy cascades during crises. But even with no interbank market, indirect contagion can lead to bankruptcy cascades. The authors also find that the existence of large banks threatens stability and that regulatory policy should target large banks more strictly than small.
THE VOLUNTEERED GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION IN ARCHAEOLOGY
Authors: Sylaiou S. , Basiouka S. , Patias P. , Stylianidis E.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. The purpose of the paper is to investigate the Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI), which is still at a very early stage, to identify its use worldwide including characteristic examples and research its potential applications in Cultural Heritage and Archaeology as a new field for study. In the first part of the paper a brief review of the field is given, the international terminology and its components are analysed. The basic framework of VGI and the international research trends are presented as well. The second part deals with the applications of VGI in Cultural Heritage and Archaeology. Finally, some thoughts, conclusions and recommendations for action and institutionalization of use are offered underlining that VGI cannot be applied to Archaeology without professional attendance and supervision so as unwanted results can be prevented.
EFFECT OF FILLER SURFACE ACTIVITY AND MORPHOLOGY ON MECHANICAL AND DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF NBR/GRAPHENE NANOCOMPOSITES
Authors: Möwes Markus M. , Fleck Frank , Klüppel Manfred
Published: July 2013

The surface characteristics of graphenes and carbon-based nanofillers are analyzed regarding activity, porosity, and roughness in comparison with mechanical and dielectric properties of polymer nanocomposites based on graphene in a nitrile–butadiene rubber (NBR) matrix. From adsorption isotherms of the fillers, information about surface area, roughness, and surface heterogeneities is evaluated. In addition, different models are used to evaluate a pore-size distribution. The composites are prepared in a conventional way by melt mixing. These graphene-based elastomer nanocomposites are mechanically and electrically characterized and compared with a standard carbon black. It is demonstrated that graphene nanocomposites show a considerably different behavior compared with carbon black, although the properties strongly depend on the graphene type. Promising results for industrial applications are found in the case of graphene/NBR composites containing dioctyl-phtalate (DOP) as a softener.
DOWNHILL SEARCH-BASED NRL GLOVE PROTEIN ESTIMATION
Authors: Ting H. Y. , Yong K. P. , Mok K. L. , Sim K. S.
Published: July 2013

Latex allergy is still a crucial concern for latex glove users and manufacturers. The major reason is that the possibility of allergy stems from the soluble proteins that reside within latex gloves that may be transferred into the body of the user. Conventionally, the protein level quantification by the colorimetric measurement test is usually complex and requires a long processing time, sophisticated equipment, and highly trained specialists to perform the test. Because of the costly, lengthy, and labor-intensive nature of the tests, these methods are not beneficial for the efficiency of product development. Hence, a new computerized measurement method is proposed to measure protein levels. The prepared latex glove samples were chemically treated by Bradford reagent. Then, the samples were scanned and analyzed by novel algorithm, namely, the downhill searching algorithm (DSA), to determine the dominant color intensity. A total of 108 data were obtained after DSA analysis, and the developed data were validated with protein concentration data provided by the Malaysian Rubber Board. A good correlation is observed between both data.
Carbon and nitrogen accumulation in forest floor and surface soil under different geographic origins of Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton.) plantations
Authors: Ozdemir E. , Oral H. V. , Akburak S. , Makineci E. , Yilmaz E.
Published: July 2013

Aim of study : To determine if plantations consisting of different geographic origins of the Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton.) could have altered C and N stocks in the forest floor and surface soils.Area of study : Forest floor and mineral soil C and N stocks were measured in four adjacent plantations of different geographic origins of Maritime pine (Gironde, Toulon, Corsica and Spain) and adjacent primary native Sessile oak (Quercus petraea L.) at Burunsuz region in Belgrad Forest where is located in the Istanbul province in the Marmara geographical region between 41°09' -41°12' N latitude and 28°54' - 29°00' E longitude in Turkey.Material and Methods : Plots were compared as common garden experiments without replications. 15 surface soil (0-10 cm) and 15 forest floor samples were taken from each Maritime pine origins and adjacent native Sessile oak forest. C and N contents were determined on LECO Truspec 2000 CN analyzer. The statistical significance of the results was evaluated by one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).Research highlights : Forest floor carbon mass, nitrogen concentration and nitrogen mass of forest floor showed a significant difference among origins. Soil carbon mass and nitrogen mass did not significantly differ among investigated plots.Keywords: carbon sequestration; C/N ratio; decomposition; exotic; tree provenance.
Forecasting forest development through modeling based on the legacy of forest structure over the past 43 years
Authors: Baskent E.Z. , Celik Durmus Ali
Published: July 2013

Aim of study: Sustainable management of forest ecosystems requires comprehensive coverage of data to reflect both the historical legacy and the future development of forests.  This study focuses on analyzing the spatio-temporal dynamics of forests over the past 43 years to help better forecast the future development of forest under various management strategies.Area of study: The area is situated in Karaisalı district of Adana city in the southeastern corner of Turkey.Material and methods: The historical pattern from 1969 to 2012 was assessed with digital forest cover type maps, produced with high resolution aerial photo interpretation using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The forest development over the next 120 years was forecasted using ecosystem-based multiple use forest management model (ETÇAP) to understand the cause-effect relationships under various management strategies.Main results: The result showed that over the past 43 years while total forest areas decreased about 1194 ha (4%), the productive forest areas increased about 5397 ha (18%) with a decrease of degraded forest (5824 ha, 20%) and increase of maquis areas (2212 ha, 7%).The forecast of forest development under traditional management strategy resulted in an unsustainable forest due to broken initial age class structure, yet generated more total harvest (11%) due to 88% relaxing of even timber flow constraint. While more volume could be harvested under traditional management conditions, the sustainability of future forest is significantly jeopardized.Research highlights: This result trongly implies that it is essential adopting modeling techniques to understand forest dynamics and forecast the future development comprehensively.Keywords: Forest management; simulation; optimization; forest dynamics; land use change.
Short-term dynamics of Quercus ilex advance regeneration in a Pinus nigra plantation after the creation of small canopy gaps
Authors: Garcia-Barreda S. , Reyna S.
Published: July 2013

Aim of the study: The aim of the research is to analyse the role of Quercus ilex advance regeneration in the stand regeneration of pine plantations after small-sized canopy openings, and to assess the influence of the forest stand and the canopy opening. The performance of the advance regeneration under the pine plantation is also examined.Area of study: A Pinus nigra plantation in dry Continental Mediterranean climate in eastern Spain.Materials and Methods: The tree regeneration of ten canopy openings of 0.17-0.43 ha was monitored during five years after treatment. It was also sampled in 0.12 ha-plots in the non-treated pine plantation surrounding the openings.Main results: An important increase in the height of Q. ilex regeneration was observed in the openings, unlike what was found in the intact pine plantation. In the pine plantation, stand density showed a moderate positive influence on the density of Q. ilex regeneration, whereas in the canopy gaps Q. ilex height was negatively influenced by stand density before the opening.Research highlights: The canopy opening triggered a response in Q. ilex advance regeneration, although height growth rates seemed to reduce over time. The results support the view that promoting Q. ilex in pine plantations may require different management strategies depending on the characteristics of the pine overstorey and on the density and size of the advance regeneration.Key words: Mediterranean forest; stand initiation; seedling resprout; group selection cutting; truffle
Field sprayer for inter and intra-row weed control: performance and labor savings
Authors: Carballido J. , Rodríguez-Lizana A. , Agüera J. , Pérez-Ruiz M.
Published: July 2013

Studies of new tools and methods for weed control have been motivated by increased consumer demand for organic produce, consumer and regulatory demands for a reduction in environmentally harmful herbicide use, and the decreased availability of farm workers willing to perform manual tasks, such as hand weeding. This study describes the performance of a new sprayer system for commercial production that integrates two herbicide applications in a single pass, selective herbicide (SH) application in narrow bands over the crop row, and a non-selective herbicide (NSH) application between crop rows. A real-time kinematic (RTK) global positioning system (GPS) was used for auto-guidance in seeding and spraying operations. Conventional broadcast SHs and experimental treatments were applied at a constant nominal speed of 5.5 km h-1 for comparison. Trials in commercial sugar beet fields demonstrated the following: (i) average hand-weeding time can be reduced by 53% (ii) the new sprayer system reduced SH use by 76%, and (iii) sugar beet density did not change significantly during treatment. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using the new RTK-GPS controller sprayer system for differential and efficient herbicide application in inter- and intra-row zones in row crop production.
Jean-René Ladmiral – une anthropologie interdisciplinaire de la traduction
Authors: Wilhelm Jane Elisabeth
Published: July 2013

Jean-René Ladmiral est connu dans le monde de la traduction non seulement comme traductologue et traducteur de la philosophie allemande (en particulier de Jürgen Habermas et de l’École de Francfort, par ailleurs aussi de Kant et de Nietzsche), mais encore en tant que philosophe. À ce double titre, il a travaillé sur l’épistémologie des sciences humaines dans une perspective interdisciplinaire. En convoquant, dans cet entretien, l’apport des sciences psychologiques, et notamment de la psychanalyse, il examine les bases épistémologiques de la recherche en traductologie. À son sens, la philosophie, la psychanalyse et la traductologie sont trois disciplines réflexives, c’est-à-dire qu’elles font retour sur ce qu’on vit, sur ce qu’on pense et ce qu’on fait. Il plaide pour ce qu’il appelle une traductologie productive, qui s’intéresse non pas à la traduction déjà faite, mais au processus de traduction, d’où la référence à la psychologie. La traductologie se situerait ainsi à l’articulation de la linguistique et de la littérature comparée, surplombée par la philosophie avec un soubassement en psychologie. Ce sont toutes les sciences humaines et les études culturelles, en définitive, qui sont concernées par cette discipline, en sorte que la traductologie, pour Jean-René Ladmiral, tend à prendre l’ampleur d’une anthropologie interdisciplinaire de la traduction.
Translating the Revolution: Otherness in Cuban Testimonial Literature
Authors: de Pedro Ricoy Raquel
Published: July 2013

Drawing on existing theories in the field, this paper seeks to explore the issues that surround the translation of Cuban testimonial texts, emphasizing the inevitable portrayal of the Self as an Other. The notion of translation as an articulation of otherness has become a focus of interest in contemporary translation studies. Notwithstanding the worth of the general framework that has emerged as a result, the need for country-specific research is underscored by Cuba’s unique location on the contemporary political map – and its alleged “exceptionalism” – which sets it apart from cultural contexts that have been previously studied. Because of the isolated nature of Cuba, it is important to highlight the gap between the Cuban literature that is published, translated and read outside Cuba, on the one hand, and the Cuban literature that is published and read in Cuba, on the other. The results of bibliographical research and fieldwork indicate that, although publishers and literary experts alike place great emphasis on the significance of otherness, their interest centres on the dissemination of the Cuban experience seen “from inside” (so as to counterbalance Cuban narratives produced by exiles). In doing so, they underscore the “universal nature” of the human experience and play down any alterity that may hinder the translation process.
Malapropisms in the Spanish Translations of Joseph Andrews
Authors: Alpuente Civera Miguel
Published: July 2013

Malapropisms have received little specific attention in studies concerning the translation of humorous phenomena, as researchers have usually addressed the broader category of wordplay. Malapropisms, however, while a subtype of wordplay, also represent a phenomenon in their own right, and their longstanding use as a humorous device in literature, as well as the particular translation problems they pose, largely justify a separate analysis. Additionally, more often than not, the translation of malapropisms has been addressed from a prescriptive point of view. Therefore, in addressing the translation of malapropisms in the Spanish versions of Joseph Andrews, this paper has a double aim. Firstly, it seeks to highlight the need for a comprehensive framework of analysis capable of singling out the particular features of malapropisms within a given text, paying attention most notably to their function in the text as a whole, their typological range, and the translation techniques employed to deal with them, as well as some extratextual factors that may help explain certain decisions taken by translators and their degree of acceptance within the target literary system. Secondly, it draws attention to descriptive analysis, showing how, by improving knowledge of the phenomena involved, it can prove useful for further translations.
La traduction à l’épreuve des poèmes d’Emily Dickinson : l’impossible protocole ?
Authors: Patoyt Claire
Published: July 2013

Peut-on élaborer un protocole de traduction de la poésie ? Le présent article examine cette question à partir d’analyses contrastives de poèmes d’Emily Dickinson et de certaines de leurs traductions françaises. La tentative d’édification de règles globales dans le transcodage poétique se heurte à la résistance de la langue poétique à toute fixation sémantique, comme en atteste l’idiolecte dickinsonien, plurivoque, voire opaque, riche en néologismes, en jeux syntaxiques et référentiels. On peut toutefois mettre en oeuvre des stratégies ponctuelles pour rendre certains aspects du lexique et de la prosodie. Mais de tels procédés laissent de côté le socle figural de la langue poétique : la métaphore. Témoignant d’un rapport dialectique entre le sujet parlant – le « je » poétique – et le monde, entre les représentations propres à ce sujet et celles que les conventions socio-culturelles inscrivent dans des dénominations figées, la métaphore invite à redéfinir la notion de protocole de traduction poétique en termes de « dispositif dialogique » privilégiant la mise en tension du sens dans la traduction.
Deconstructing the Translation of Psychological Tests
Authors: Bolaños-Medina Alicia , González-Ruiz Víctor
Published: July 2013

The translation of psychological tests has become widespread as the globalization process has led to testing instruments designed in one country being applied in a different one relatively quickly, since it is less expensive and faster to adapt an existing instrument than to devise a new one in another culture. In order to provide a fully functional version of a test in a different language and culture, the whole cultural context within which a particular test is to be used must be considered, and it is not certain that this has always been the case. This review article explains the peculiarities of psychological tests as a genre and documents the process of translation which has traditionally been used. It is shown that while psychologists have increasingly become aware of the role of cultural context, they have mistakenly regarded this as an issue which is separate from the translation process. That concern for the cultural context is part and parcel of translation itself, is illustrated both in modern translation theory and in current translation practice.
Caring for Patients With Chronic Pain: Pearls and Pitfalls
Authors: Debono David J. , Hoeksema Laura J. , Hobbs Raymond D.
Published: July 2013

Chronic, nonmalignant pain is a substantial public health problem in the United States. Research over the past 2 decades has defined chronic pain by using a “biopsychosocial model” that considers a patient's biology and psychological makeup in the context of his or her social and cultural milieu. Whereas this model addresses the pathology of chronic pain, it also places many demands on the physician, who is expected to assess and manage chronic pain safely and successfully. There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that opioids can be effective in the management of chronic pain, but there has also been a rise in opioid-related overdoses and deaths. Clinicians should be aware of assessment tools that may be used to evaluate the risk of opioid abuse. A basic understanding of chronic pain pathophysiology and a uniform approach to patient care can satisfy the needs of both patients and physicians.
Evaluation of Thermal Conductive Resistance at Organic–Inorganic Interface and Effect of Interfaces on Thermal Conductivity of Composite Materials
Authors: Fukushima Keiji , Takezawa Yoshitaka , Adschiri Tadafumi
Published: July 2013

The effect of organic–inorganic interfaces on the thermal conductivity of composite materials was studied by evaluating thermal conductive resistance at the organic–inorganic interfaces experimentally. Polymer layers were sandwiched between thin ceramic plates to produce multilayer stacked samples. Through the comparison between the thermal conductivities of the multilayer stacked materials and those of single component materials for both polymers and ceramics, the thermal resistance at the interface between a polymer and a ceramic plate was evaluated. The results suggest that the contribution of thermal resistance becomes significant for actual composite materials because of the increase in the number of interfaces. The results also demonstrate that organic modifications of an inorganic surface could effectively reduce interfacial thermal resistance. The control of interfaces seems to be effective for improving the thermal conduction property of composite materials.
Low-Frequency Noise Characteristics of Zinc-Oxide-Film-Based Photoconductive Detectors
Authors: Li Dong , Meng Yang , Zhang Peijian , Liu Ziyu , Zhao Hongwu
Published: July 2013

Low-frequency current noise measurements were performed on ZnO-based photoconductive detectors, and 1/fnoise characteristics were observed both in the dark and under ultraviolet illumination. The noise measured under illumination is approximately one order of magnitude higher than the dark noise. In the higher voltage range, a knee-like voltage dependence of the photocurrent noise was observed. The enhanced photocurrent noise is attributed to the random trapping–detrapping processes of the oxygen-related hole-trap states at the grain boundary interface. The anomalous voltage dependence of the photocurrent noise in the higher voltage range indicated the presence of the inhomogeneous distribution of the oxygen-related hole-trap states.
Design and Analysis of Power Low-Temperature Polysilicon Lateral Double-Diffusion Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors with Shielding-Trench Structure
Authors: Lin Jyh-Ling , Lin Cang-Ting
Published: July 2013

A new polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) lateral double-diffusion metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor power device combining super-lateral-growth technology and shielding-trench oxide structures (STO-LDMOSFET) is introduced. The trench oxide offers a platform for amorphous silicon lateral growth through excimer laser annealing; this not only enables stable control of the crystallization of poly-Si but also promotes the blocking ability of devices. The breakdown voltages of the manufactured devices with and without trench oxide are 460 and 387 V, respectively, increasing by approximately 73 V. The characteristics of poly-Si treated with an excimer laser were obtained by low-temperature poly-Si LDMOSFET (LTPS-LDMOSFET) measurement and simulation. Then, STO-LDMOSFETs were studied by simulation. The results showed that the STO-LDMOSFET with a 150 cm2 V-1 s-1 mobility had a breakdown voltage and a specific on-resistance of approximately 450 V and 16 Ω cm2, respectively, at a 40 µm drift region length.
Temporal Response Measurements of GaAs-Based Photocathodes
Authors: Honda Yosuke , Matsuba Shunya , Jin Xiuguang , Miyajima Tsukasa , Yamamoto Masahiro , Uchiyama Takashi , Kuwahara Makoto , Takeda Yoshikazu
Published: July 2013

It is well known that a negative electron affinity GaAs photocathode shows a moderate temporal response when excited by a laser pulse of wavelength close to its band gap energy. We show here that the temporal response can be estimated using a diffusion model that describes the internal transport of the conduction electrons. Using a transverse deflection cavity system, we measured the temporal profile of the electron bunch generated by a DC photocathode gun illuminated by a ps pulsed laser. A systematic set of measurements of GaAs cathodes with various active layer thicknesses and boundary conditions confirmed that the observed temporal response is well understood by the diffusion model calculation.
Efficacy of a Pain Self-Management Intervention Tailored to People With HIV
Authors: Jones Katie Fitzgerald , Long Dustin M. , Bair Matthew J. , Agil Deana , Browne Lindsay , Burkholder Greer , Clay Olivio J. , Conder Kendall , Durr Amy L. , Farel Claire E. , King Kiko , Johnson Bernadette , Liebschutz Jane M. , Demonte William , Leone Mireille , Mullen LaToya , Orris Sarah Margaret , Thomas Tammi , Johnson Mallory , Napravnik Sonia , Merlin Jessica S.
Published: July 2024

Importance

Chronic pain is a common condition for which efficacious interventions tailored to highly affected populations are urgently needed. People with HIV have a high prevalence of chronic pain and share phenotypic similarities with other highly affected populations.

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy of a behavioral pain self-management intervention called Skills to Manage Pain (STOMP) compared to enhanced usual care (EUC).

Design, Setting, and Participants

This randomized clinical trial included adults with HIV who experienced at least moderate chronic pain for 3 months or more. The study was set at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and the University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill large medical centers from August 2019 to September 2022.

Intervention

STOMP combined 1-on-1 skill-building sessions delivered by staff interventionists with group sessions co-led by peer interventionists. The EUC control group received the STOMP manual without any 1-on-1 or group instructional sessions.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was pain severity and the impact of pain on function, measured by the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) summary score. The primary a priori hypothesis was that STOMP would be associated with a decreased BPI in people with HIV compared to EUC.

Results

Among 407 individuals screened, 278 were randomized to STOMP intervention (n = 139) or EUC control group (n = 139). Among the 278 people with HIV who were randomized, the mean (SD) age was 53.5 (10.0) years; 126 (45.0%) identified as female, 146 (53.0%) identified as male, 6 (2.0%) identified as transgender female. Of the 6 possible 1-on-1 sessions, participants attended a mean (SD) of 2.9 (2.5) sessions. Of the 6 possible group sessions, participants attended a mean (SD) of 2.4 (2.1) sessions. Immediately after the intervention compared to EUC, STOMP was associated with a statistically significant mean difference for the primary outcome, BPI total score: −1.25 points (95% CI, −1.71 to −0.78 points; P < .001). Three months after the intervention, the mean difference in BPI total score remained statistically significant, favoring the STOMP intervention −0.62 points (95% CI, −1.09 to −0.14 points; P = .01).

Conclusion and Relevance

The findings of this randomized clinical trial support the efficaciousness of STOMP as an intervention for chronic pain in people with HIV. Future research will include implementation studies and work to understand the optimal delivery of the intervention.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03692611