bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Λύνοντας Κρυπτογράμματα στο Scratch
Authors: Παπαδόπουλος Αντώνης , Μανωλίδου Ανατολή , Λάμπρου Δημήτρη , Ρήγα Ιλιάνα , Τσώνη Βασιλική , Πέϊου Μαριάννα , Κασαμπαλίδου Νεφέλη , Ποτούλη Δήμητρα , Θεοφυλίδης Απόστολος , Λιαρής Ιωάννης
Published: July 2020

Μαθητές της Γ’ Γυμνασίου του Ελληνικού Κολλεγίου Θεσσαλονίκης επέλεξαν να ερευνήσουν και να κατανοήσουν σημαντικά κρυπτογράμματα για την εξέλιξη της κρυπτογραφίας. Έθεσαν ως στόχο να υλοποιήσουν μία εφαρμογή – παιχνίδι που θα υλοποιεί την κρυπτογράφηση απλού κειμένου χρησιμοποιώντας διαδεδομένες τεχνικές κρυπτογραφίας, όπως για παράδειγμα το κρυτπόγραμμα του Καίσαρα, τον κώδικα Μορς και τον κώδικα ASCII. Στόχος συνάμα ήταν η υλοποίηση αυτής της εφαρμογής με τη βοήθεια του οπτικού περιβάλλοντος προγραμματισμού Scratch, το οποίο εισάγει μαθητές σε αυτήν την ηλικία με επιτυχία στο δομημένο προγραμματισμό. Οι μαθητές θέλησαν να κατανοήσουν τις φάσεις δημιουργίας ενός τέτοιου είδους λογισμικού μετά από βιβλιογραφική έρευνα. Μπόρεσαν να κατανοήσουν εις βάθος τις μεθόδους κρυπτογράφησης μέσα από τη χαρά δημιουργίας μίας καινοτόμου εφαρμογής, διότι μπόρεσαν μέσα από δικά τους παραδείγματα να κατανοήσουν στην πράξη τους παραπάνω αλγορίθμους κρυπτογράφησης.
ΜΑΘΗΜΑΤΙΚΑ ΚΑΙ ΞΥΛΟΝΑΥΠΗΓΙΚΗ: ΕΝΑ ΤΑΞΙΔΙ ΣΤΗΝ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑ ΚΑΙ ΣΤΟ ΧΡΟΝΟ ΜΕ ΤΟ ΑΡΧΑΙΟ ΠΛΟΙΟ ΣΑΜΑΙΝΑ, ΑΠΟ ΤΗ ΣΑΜΟ ΣΤΑ ΑΒΔΗΡΑ
Authors: Αποστόλου Δημήτρης , Αποστόλου Χρυσόστομος , Αράπος Νικόλας , Γαρουφαλής Θανάσης , Γεωργαντζιά Κατερίνα , Ελευθέρογλου Ελευθερία , Ιλαρίδης Νικόλας , Καπλαντζή Ιωάννα , Καρλοβασίτη Δήμητρα , Μιχάλα Μαργαρίτα , Σίμου Μαρία , Στραγαλά Μαρία , Κουμούτση Σοφία , Τριβέλα Δήμητρα , Σωτηριάδου Αναστασία
Published: July 2020

Το υπό διαπραγμάτευση θέμα της συγκεκριμένης μελέτης αφορά στην ανάδειξη της συμβολής των Μαθηματικών και της Φυσικής στην αρχαία ξυλοναυπηγική, η οποία ως τέχνη γινόταν εμπειρικά, όπως και κάθε τέχνη, από τους καραβομαραγκούς. Στη συνέχεια όμως, αποδείχθηκε ότι ο σχεδιασμός σκαφών και πλοίων, βασιζόταν στα μαθηματικά που περιλαμβάνουν αλγοριθμικές μεθόδους και τη γεωμετρία . Το ερευνητικό ερώτημα της μελέτης λοιπόν, είναι: " Με αρχή τα Μαθηματικά και τη Φυσική η Τέχνη της Σαμιακής Ναυπηγικής πόσο έχει επηρεάσει την επιστήμη , την παράδοση , την τέχνη , την οικονομία , την εξωστρέφεια και τις εμπορικές σχέσεις , τη γλώσσα και τη νομοθεσία . " Η προσέγγιση του θέματος ακολουθεί τη μεθοδολογία της διεπιστημονικής βιβλιογραφικής ανασκόπησης. Η έρευνά μας επιπλέον έχει σκοπό το άνοιγμα του σημερινού σχολείου στην τοπική αλλά και ευρύτερη κοινωνία όπως και τη σύνδεση δύο ιστορικών λιμανιών ,του αρχαίου λιμανιού της Σάμου (πατρίδα του Πυθαγόρα) και του αρχαίου λιμανιού των Αβδήρων (πατρίδα του Δημόκριτου). Τα αναμενόμενα αποτελέσματα της μελέτης εδράζονται στην ενημέρωση και την ευαισθητοποίηση του ευρύτερου κοινού για τη ναυτική πολιτιστική κληρονομιά μας, αλλά και στη δημιουργία του μουσείου ναυπηγικών και ναυτικών τεχνών Αιγαίου του Δήμου Σάμου που πρόκειται να λειτουργήσει στο Ηραίον της Σάμου σύντομα. Εν κατακλείδι, η γνώση για την κατασκευή του αρχαίου πλοίου Σάμαινα δεν αποτελεί μόνο τρόπο ευαισθητοποίησης των εμπλεκομένων στη διαδικασία μελέτης, αλλά και αναγκαιότητα για παρώθηση σε δράσεις απαραίτητες για τη διάδοση της πολιτιστικής μας κληρονομιάς.
Potential impact of eradicating malaria on gender inequality within agricultural households in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Willis Derek W. , Hamon Nick
Published: July 2020

The international development community has shown an increased interest in the links between malaria and gender inequality over the past two decades. Working towards the ambitious goal of eradicating malaria by 2040, suppressing the malaria burden could accelerate progress in reducing gender inequality within agricultural households in sub-Saharan Africa. Although numerous studies have examined narrow aspects of the relationship between malaria and gender inequality, little progress has been made in understanding how eliminating malaria could affect gender inequality within agricultural households. This Open Letter focuses on the amount of time women farmers dedicate to caregiving for malaria cases among children in agricultural households, and how reducing time spent on this activity could reduce gender inequalities and impact agricultural productivity. We argue that a research agenda is needed to inform a multi-disciplinary approach to gain this understanding. We conclude by discussing the means through which a reduction in gender inequalities in agricultural households could impact the effectiveness of vector control interventions.
Improving Healthcare Value: COVID-19 Emergency Regulatory Relief and Implications for Post-Acute Skilled Nursing Facility Care
Authors: Sheehy Ann M , Locke Charles FS , Kaiksow Farah A , Powell W Ryan , Bykovskyi Andrea Gilmore , Kind Amy JH
Published: July 2020

Rarely, if ever, does a national healthcare system experience such rapid and marked change as that seen with the COVID-19 pandemic. In March 2020, the president of the United States declared a national health emergency, enabling the Department of Health & Human Services authority to grant temporary regulatory waivers to facilitate efficient care delivery in a variety of healthcare settings. The statutory requirement that Medicare beneficiaries stay three consecutive inpatient midnights to qualify for post-acute skilled nursing facility coverage is one such waiver. This so-called Three Midnight Rule, dating back to the 1960s as part of the Social Security Act, is being scrutinized more than half a century later given the rise in observation hospital stays. Despite the tragic emergency circumstances prompting waivers, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and Congress now have a unique opportunity to evaluate potential improvements revealed by COVID-19 regulatory relief and should consider permanent reform of the Three Midnight Rule. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2020;15:XXX-XXX. © 2020 Society of Hospital Medicine
Organismo y acción situada: mapeando el concepto de affordance
Authors: López-Silva Pablo
Published: July 2020

En el contexto de la comprensión de la interacción organismo – medio ambiente, el concepto de affordance designa las diversas oportunidades para la acción a las que la percepción de un objeto invita. Cuando miramos un muro, no solo percibimos sus propiedades físicas brutas (color, tamaño, localización, etc.), sino también ciertas cualidades, como que es escalable, dependiendo del contexto en que tal percepción ocurra. Dicha noción de escalabilidad integrada en mi percepción del muro es una affordance. Durante los últimos años, este concepto se ha vuelto popular en diversas disciplinas; sin embargo, no ha estado acompañado de un desarrollo unificado y preciso de su comprensión. Este artículo formula y examina algunos de los debates más fundamentales que rodean el entendimiento actual de dicho concepto. Luego de evaluar críticamente algunas de las ideas más paradigmáticas dentro de estas discusiones, se proponen algunos desafíos que enfrenta el desarrollo del término para, finalmente, explorar algunas formas en que se pueden afrontar tales desafíos.
A Primal Adjacency-Based Algorithm for the Shortest Path Problem with Resource Constraints
Authors: Himmich Ilyas , Ben Amor Hatem , El Hallaoui Issmail , Soumis François
Published: July 2020

The shortest path problem with resource constraints (SPPRC) is often used as a subproblem within a column-generation approach for routing and scheduling problems. It aims to find a least-cost path between the source and the destination nodes in a network while satisfying the resource consumption limitations on every node. The SPPRC is usually solved using dynamic programming. Such approaches are effective in practice, but they can be inefficient when the network is large and especially when the number of resources is high. To cope with this major drawback, we propose a new exact primal algorithm to solve the SPPRC defined on acyclic networks. The proposed algorithm explores the solution space iteratively using a path adjacency–based partition. Numerical experiments for vehicle and crew scheduling problem instances demonstrate that the new approach outperforms both the standard dynamic programming and the multidirectional dynamic programming methods.
From staff nurse to nurse consultant: Academic essays part 2: why nurses fail assignments
Authors: Fowler John
Published: July 2020

John Fowler, Educational Consultant, explores academic writing
Reflections on setting up a nurse-led paediatric peripherally inserted central catheter service
Authors: Ojo Samuel A
Published: July 2020

The aim of this article is to present the experience of starting a paediatric peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) service and setting up a nurse-led paediatric PICC insertion service. The periods in review are divided into two: the trial phase and the interim service phase. The trial phase took place between October 2014 and December 2016. During this period, a total of 55 lines were inserted. The interim service phase, which is ongoing, pending the ratification of the business case, has resulted in 301 inserted PICC lines. The interim period discussed covers January 2017 to December 2019.
Real-time high dynamic range 3D measurement using fringe projection
Authors: Zhang Liang , Chen Qian , Zuo Chao , Feng Shijie
Published: July 2020

Fringe projection profilometry (FPP) is a widely used technique for real-time three-dimensional (3D) shape measurement. However, it tends to compromise when measuring objects that have a large variation range of surface reflectivity. In this paper, we present a FPP method that can increase the dynamic range for real-time 3D measurements. First, binary fringe patterns are projected to generate grayscale sinusoidal patterns with the defocusing technique. Each pattern is then captured twice with different exposure values in one projection period. With image fusion, surfaces under appropriate exposure are retained. To improve the real-time performance of high dynamic range (HDR) 3D shape measurements, we build a binocular fringe projection profilometry system that saves the number of patterns by geometry constraint. Further, to ensure the accuracy and robustness of HDR 3D measurements, we propose a mixed phase unwrapping method that can reduce phase unwrapping errors for dense fringe patterns. Experiment results show that the proposed method can realize accurate and real-time 3D measurement for HDR scenes at 28 frames per second.
Coding line structured light based on a line-scan camera and its calibration
Authors: Chen Li , Huayang Li , Xu Zhang , Huan Zhao
Published: July 2020

In a conventional three-dimensional (3D) measurement technique of a line-scan camera, the projection system based on surface structured light is a compromise of traditional projection technology, which suffers from complex calibration, complex structure and low accuracy. To this end, the coding line structured light based on the coded line laser projection system is proposed to address the 3D measurement of a line-scan camera. The single-line projection and codeable characteristics of coded line laser projection system (constructed by a point laser and a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) scanning galvanometer and modeled as the line projection model) are fully matched with the imaging mode of the line-scan camera. The 3D measurement model based on the height information, lateral information and absolute phase of the coding line structured light is derived. The multi-position flat display calibration method is proposed to calibrate the system parameters. In addition, in order to obtain the accurate absolute phase from the phase shift combined binary code, the periodic error correction method based on expansion-corrosion is proposed to correct the phase error. Contrary to conventional structured light methods based on a line-scan camera, the proposed method has the advantages of high measurement accuracy, high efficiency, more compactness and low cost. The experiments affirm that the coding line structured light is valid and the proposed calibration method is feasible. Experimental results also indicate that the proposed method performs well for both diffuse reflective surfaces and reflective surfaces that are difficult to measure with conventional structured light methods based on a line-scan camera.
Distributed and dynamic strain sensing with high spatial resolution and
large measurable strain range
Authors: Zhang Li , Yang Zhisheng , Gorbatov Nachum , Davidi Roy , Galal Malak , Thévenaz Luc , Tur Moshe
Published: July 2020

A distributed and dynamic strain sensing system based on
frequency-scanning phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry
is proposed and demonstrated. By utilizing an RF pulse scheme with a
fast arbitrary waveform generator, a train of optical pulses covering
a large range of different optical frequencies, short pulse width, and
high extinction ratio is generated. Also, a Rayleigh-enhanced fiber is
used to eliminate the need for averaging, allowing single-shot
operation. Using direct detection and harnessing a dedicated least
mean square algorithm, the method exhibits a record high spatial
resolution of 20 cm, concurrently with a large measurable strain range (

80

µ
ε

, 60 demonstrated), a fast sampling
rate of 27.8 kHz (almost the maximum possible for a 55 m long fiber
and 60 frequency steps), and low strain noise floor (

<

1.8

n

ε

/

H
z

for vibrations below 700 Hz and

<

0.7

n

ε

/

H
z

for higher frequencies).
Chirp control of tunable terahertz synchrotron radiation
Authors: Zhang Haoran , Wang Wenxing , Jiang Shimin , Li Cheng , He Zhigang , Zhang Shancai , Jia Qika , Wang Lin , He Duohui
Published: July 2020

It is of scientific significance to explore the terahertz radiation source with the performances of high power, tunable frequency, and controllable chirp for the realization of coherent control of quantum systems. How to realize frequency chirp control of terahertz synchrotron radiation is the last puzzle to be completed. In this Letter, we propose a method to control the radiation frequency chirp with precision. A novel photomixing scheme is presented to generate a longitudinally modulated laser pulse with non-uniform time intervals between the adjacent micro-peaks, which means that there is a chirp in the modulation frequency, and this chirp can be continuously tuned. The interaction is made to occur between an electron beam and the modulated laser pulse in a modulator (an undulator tuned at the laser wavelength), then terahertz synchrotron radiation with the same spectrum characteristics as the modulated laser will be generated when the electron beam passes through the following bending magnet. We expect that this method will open a new way for the coherent control of quantum systems in the terahertz regime.
Design of a non-Hermitian on-chip mode converter using phase change materials
Authors: Yang Song-Rui , Zhang Xu-Lin , Sun Hong-Bo
Published: July 2020

The introduction of non-Hermiticity into photonics has enabled new design principles for photonic devices. Here we propose the design of a tunable non-Hermitian on-chip mode converter working at telecommunication wavelengths. The key component of the converter is a phase change material, and switching its working state can enable a topological change in the energy surface of the system. The conversion functionality can be realized by dynamically encircling an exceptional point in the parameter space of the device. The device based on this non-Hermitian principle is robust to perturbations of structural parameters and works in broadband. The non-Hermitian principle can be applied for the design of more complex on-chip photonic devices.
Complex shaping of the depth of focus
Authors: Mendoza-Yero Omel
Published: July 2020

In this manuscript an exact solution to the inverse problem of axial beam shaping along the focus of a convergent lens is found. This allows to extend, within the framework of the scalar theory of diffraction, the mathematical formalism of complex pupils to include axial phase modulation. Numerical simulations based on Fourier transform as well as convolution operations indicate that amplitude and phase modulation can be performed simultaneously. It is also shown that include or not phase modulation in the beam shaping process can increase its efficiency more than three times. In addition, an analytical expression for the Gouy phase that depends on the introduced phase modulation was also derived. It is expected that obtained results benefit many photonic applications involving the control and manipulation of light along the focal region.
The Cornell Hip Hop Collection: An example of an archival repository
Authors: Reagan Katherine A.
Published: July 2020

Those seeking to study and understand hip hop’s history can familiarize themselves with the growing number and variety of archival efforts focused on the documentation of hip hop culture and its multiple forms of expression. This article summarizes the history, mission and scope of one of those efforts, the hip hop archives at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, and places it in the context of other archival projects centred around hip hop.
Build: The Power of Hip Hop Diplomacy in a Divided World, Mark Katz (2019)
Authors: Forman Murray
Published: July 2020

Review of: Build: The Power of Hip Hop Diplomacy in a Divide World, Mark Katz (2019)

New York: Oxford University Press, 256 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-19005-611-7, h/bk, USD 24.95
Perfil público de profesionales que se denominan Dietista-Nutricionista, Dietista, y Nutricionista sin tener la titulación habilitante
Authors: Torrellas Roman Laura , Hernández Rivas Natalia , Benítez Brito Nestor
Published: July 2020

Introducción: En España, se considera al Dietista-Nutricionista (DN) un profesional sanitario según la Ley 44/2003 de Ordenación de las Profesiones Sanitarias (LOPS); su titulación habilitante para el ejercicio de la profesión se recoge en el Real Decreto 433/1998, de 20 de marzo. Sin embargo, este colectivo ha encontrado serios problemas para ejercer su actividad, en especial, por la posible usurpación de sus funciones por otros profesionales. Objetivos: describir el perfil público de los profesionales que se autodenominan DN, Dietista, y Nutricionista sin tener la titulación habilitante en la comunidad autónoma de Canarias.Material y Métodos: Estudio exploratorio y descriptivo de información recogida en páginas de internet, y redes sociales en el periodo de enero 2015 a diciembre 2019. Se incluye cualquier profesional/persona que se autodenomine y se publicite como DN/Dietista/Nutricionista sin contar con la titulación correspondiente (Diplomado/Grado en Nutrición Humana y Dietética). Resultados: 244 profesionales se publicitan como Nutricionista (66,1%), DN (30,9%), y Dietista (3%), sin contar con la titulación correspondiente en la comunidad autónoma de Canarias. Del total de perfiles localizados, el 90,57% posee una titulación universitaria y, en concreto, 71,72% se corresponden con profesiones sanitarias. Conclusiones: se hace necesaria la intervención de los colegios profesionales de DN en colaboración con las instituciones públicas competentes dado el elevado número de profesionales que incumplen la LOPS del año 2003, y la Orden CIN/730/2009, al denominarse con una titulación para lo que no están habilitados profesionalmente.
Tomografía computarizada a nivel de C3 y dinamometría como técnicas de diagnóstico de sarcopenia en pacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello
Authors: Muresan Bianca Tabita , Sánchez Juan Carlos , Artero Ana , Montoro Alegría , Garcia Miragll Enrique , Ruiz Yesica , Soriano del Castillo José Miguel , Ríos Ríos Jaime , Hervás David , López-Torrecilla José
Published: July 2020

Introducción: Estudio piloto que determina el diagnóstico de sarcopenia mediante tomografía computarizada (TC) a nivel de la tercera vértebra cervical (C3) y dinamometría en pacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello. Comparación de la masa magra (MM) determinada mediante TC con técnicas clásicas de antropometría y dinamometría.Material y métodos: Se analizó la MM y el tejido adiposo mediante TC a nivel de C3 en 37 pacientes oncológicos mediante Unidades Hounsfield (UH). Posteriormente, se calculó el índice musculoesquelético (IME) y se determinó la fuerza prensora de mano para la determinación de sarcopenia. Por último, se comparó el IME mediante técnicas de valoración antropométrica clásica y dinamometría. Resultados: El 59,46% de los pacientes presentaron un IME (cm2/m2) disminuido, el 64,86% dinapenia, el 54,05% sarcopenia, el 32,43% sarcopenia dentro del sobrepeso y obesidad.  Por otro lado, la media de la masa grasa intermuscular fue 6,69 (3,8) cm2, y la masa grasa intramuscular 2,06 (1,11) cm2. Además, se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la fuerza tanto en la mano fuerte (estimado = 0,412, IC95% [0,219; 0,605], p-valor <0,001) como en la mano débil (estimado =0,289, IC95% [0,123; 0,454], p-valor <0,001) y el IME cm2/m2. Respecto a la circunferencia muscular braquial), no alcanzamos a mostrar correlación positiva.Conclusiones: Nuestro estudio muestra que en el paciente con cáncer de cabeza y cuello la prevalencia de sarcopenia es elevada. Además, la depleción muscular evaluada mediante TC a nivel de C3 y dinamometría presenta cierta correlación, por lo que, aquellos pacientes con mayor depleción muscular a nivel de C3 presentan menor funcionalidad.
Representación geográfica de la malnutrición en niños y adolescentes de Medellín, Colombia
Authors: Bernal Jennifer , Agudelo Martínez Alejandra , Roldan Jaramillo Piedad
Published: July 2020

Introducción: Describir la malnutrición por deficiencia y por exceso en niños y adolescentes de 0 a 17 años, con base a la representación espacial geográfica (REG) de Medellín, Colombia. Material y métodos: Estudio poblacional, transversal, con muestra multietápica y aleatoria (n= 6075), representativa de las 16 comunas y 5 corregimientos de Medellín. Se incluyeron variables demográficas, sociales, educativas, salud, nutrición y actividad física. Se construyeron los indicadores peso-talla (PT), talla-edad (TE), peso-edad (PE) e Índice de Masa Corporal-edad (IMC-edad) en <5 años y TE e IMC-edad en >5 años, recomendados por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Con los paquetes Antrho y Antrho Plus se obtuvieron puntajes Z, con el SPSS se realizaron análisis descriptivos y con Argis 10.0 se construyó la REG de las prevalencias de malnutrición. Estudio aprobado por el comité de ética de la Universidad CES. Resultados: En <5 años (n=1598), 0,9 % presenta desnutrición aguda, 6,4 % talla baja, 1,3 % desnutrición global, 20,8 % riesgo de sobrepeso, 5,2 % sobrepeso y 0,9 obesidad. Uno de cada 4 niños (25%) realiza actividad física (11 min/día). A partir de los 5 años (n=4477) se presentó 3,9% de baja talla, 1,6% delgadez, 21% sobrepeso y 8,9% obesidad. La mitad (50,9%) de estos niños realiza actividad física (21 min/día). Diez áreas urbanas de Medellín representan las áreas geográficas con mayor sobrepeso y obesidad. Conclusiones: La REG permite detectar gráficamente las áreas de mayor vulnerabilidad nutricional. La REG muestra que la coexistencia de la malnutrición por deficiencia y exceso varía según el área geográfica. Instituciones deben considerar esta doble carga de la malnutrición: un problema social complejo, que padece Medellín y el mundo entero, de acuerdo a la OMS.
Vegetarian dietary guidelines: a comparative dietetic and communicational analysis of eleven international pictorial representations
Authors: Gai Costantino Chiara , Morales Morante Luís Fernando
Published: July 2020

Introduction: This study aimed to analyze the main pictorial representations of food-based vegetarian dietary guidelines from different countries as a starting point to design a new guide for this specific population in Spain.Material and methods: Searching in evidence-based databases and webs. Associations of dieticians and nutritionists, research groups, universities, and private entities endorsed by nutritionists were chosen. Format, target population, type and number of dietetic (as food grouping, servings, quantities), nutritional and lifestyle messages were compared. Messages’ content and visual aspects, their position in the illustrations and their esthetic style were also analyzed.Results: Eleven healthy eating guidelines with illustration for the vegetarian population worldwide were selected. Most of the graphics were intended for vegans and vegetarians; eight of them were pyramids, two were plates and one food shelving. Five food groups were always present: vegetables, fruits, cereals and derivative products, pulses and soybean products, and nuts. Messages about physical activity were present in four of them and vitamin B12 supplementation in five. One of the illustrations contained a message about environmental sustainability; most of them (7 out of 11) reached up to fourteen dietetic and nutritional messages and more than 45 food, supplements and lifestyle icons. None has a hypertext or use digital tools in the online version.Conclusions: There are differences in the position and composition of food grouping in vegetarian food guide illustrations. The main recommendation to consume grains, vegetables, fruits, pulses, soybean products and nuts daily was consistent in all the illustrations included. There is a need for more information on quantities and servings, foods rich in calcium or omega-3, vitamin B12 supplementation and environmental sustainability. Adding recommendations about the consumption of iodized salt would be important in the Spanish context.
El Consejo de Seguridad de Naciones Unidas y Siria: del descrédito a la renovación
Authors: Fernández Cadavid José Luis
Published: July 2020

A causa de la guerra en Siria se han multiplicado las llamadas que, desde hace varios años, se levantan pidiendo la reforma del Consejo de Seguridad. Algunos países y algunos dirigentes han comenzado a mostrar un desacuerdo más nítido que hace unas décadas tomando decisiones o haciendo declaraciones que afectan a dimensiones esenciales del mismo. Temas como la representatividad equitativa, el aumento del número de sus miembros o la cuestión del veto son algunos de los que llevan tiempo debatiéndose en ámbitos como el Open Ended Working Group o las Intergovernmental Negotiations. En este artículo presentamos, en una primera parte, una descripción de las propuestas de reforma, intentadas desde hace 25 años hasta el momento, en su afán de mejorar algunos aspectos del Consejo de Seguridad y ofrecemos, en una segunda parte, unas consideraciones finales que se desprenden de lo expuesto.
Cidades inclusivas, seguras, resilientes y sustentáveis
Authors: Roque Junges Jose
Published: July 2020

O 11.º objetivo de desenvolvimento sustentável da ONU, propõe tornar as cidades inclusivas, seguras, resilientes e sustentáveis. O artigo faz uma análise crítica na perspectiva da Bioética urbana. Para realizar esse objetivo necessitase de discussão prévia sobre o modelo de desenvolvimento, que o fundamenta. Como resposta à situação caótica das cidades foram propostos dois caminhos: cidades inteligentes e cidades sustentáveis, mas sua efetivação depende de uma questão de fundo, não discutida, o modelo econômico que está na base. A realidade urbana aponta para vulneração dos habitantes e correspondente necessidade de resiliência e sustentabilidade socioambiental na perspectiva da ecologia integral.
A sociedade globalizada contemporânea de risco e o aprimoramento humano no transhumanismo e posthumanismo
Authors: Schramm Fermin Roland
Published: July 2020

O artigo visa entender a sociedade globalizada contemporânea como uma sociedade formada pela vigência da biotecnociência, representada, em particular pelos projetos do transhumanismo e do posthumanismo. Para tanto aborda a questão dos riscos envolvidos, que são estruturais e propõe uma análise conceitual e uma genealogia dos conceitos de “risco”, “perigo” e “dano”, assim como seus desdobramentos contemporânea de “transhumanismo” e “posthumanismo”, a partir da concepção da crítica filosófica entendida como uma terapia referente aos conceitos e argumentos que usamos, para tentar esclarecer e até para dissolver problemas, ou desconstruí-los, quando olhados a partir de pontos de vista menos comprometidos emocionalmente.
La fecundación «post mortem» en España
Authors: Santolaria Baig Irene , Ramón Fernández Francisca
Published: July 2020

Los continuos avances científicos, junto con los avances sociales, han provocado la necesidad de una regulación de las técnicas de reproducción asistida. Una de las técnicas en la que más vacíos legales se pueden encontrar en ella, es la fecundación post mortem. En este trabajo, se hará un análisis de los aspectos jurídicos y bioéticos enfocados a los límites. El fin del trabajo es ofrecer una vista general sobre la situación legal y jurídica de la técnica al lector, al mismo tiempo que se mencionarán posibles soluciones a los conflictos en el marco legal y ético.
An essay of a systemic reading that can support a paradigm shift
Authors: Piecq Andrée , Lambert Claude
Published: July 2020

The observation of the “observed behaviors in action” is a complex act. Observation without evaluation of a single fact, except being in a solipsistic approach, can be seen as a relatively simple operation that allows a median intersubjective agreement. When the mission is to report of operative's phenomena that should lead, by consensus, to an assessment, we are in the presence of tensions. This evaluation will implement abstractions needed for the operation of the phenomena’s representations. These abstractions make use of concepts whose meaning can only be understood only in relation to its opposite: cold - hot, open - closed, operating – non-operating. Common sense tells us that the assessment is not a matter of choice between one of the words but need a gradation. Based on this observation (many times repeated by others before us), we are led to revisit our systems approach. It appears obvious to us that the approach to the entities’ identification that is connected to form a coherent whole is not sufficient. We must adopt an approach whose foundation may account for the processes, movements and tensions. Our study focused of the field theory. This brings us in the heart of a paradox: continuous-discrete. The same paradox has stimulated research in quantum field using particle and wave relation.
Heasuring (machine) intelligence universally: An interdisciplinary challenge
Authors: Orallo José Hernández
Published: July 2020

Artificial intelligence (Al) is having a deep impact on the way humans work, communicate and enjoy their leisure time. Al systems have been traditionally devised to solve specific tasks, such as playing chess, diagnosing a disease or driving a car. However, more and more Al systems are now being devised to be generally adaptable, and learn to solve a variety of tasks or to assist humans and organisations in their everyday tasks. As a result, an increasing number of robots, bots, avatars and 'smart' devices are enhancing our capabilities as individuals, collectives and humanity as a whole. What are these systems capable of doing? What is their global intelligence? How to tell whether they are meeting their specifications?Are the organisations including Al systems being less predictable and difficult to govern? The truth is that we lack proper measurement tools to evaluate the cognitive abilities and expected behaviour of this variety of systems. includino hybrid [e.g. machine-enhanced humans] and collectives. Once realised the relevance of Al evaluation and its difficulty, we will survey what has been done in the past twenty years in this area, focussing on approaches based on algorithmic information theory and Kolmogorov complexity, and its relation to other disciplines that are concerned with intelligence evaluation in humans and animals, such as psychometrics and comparative cognition. This will lead us to the notion of universal intelligence test and the new endeavour of universal psychometrics.
Evolution du vivant - Histoire du pensant : De la possibilité d’un homomorphisme
Authors: Donnadieu Gérard
Published: July 2020

La recherche de similitudes ou de corrélations entre l’évolution des êtres vivants et celle des sociétés humaines n’est pas chose nouvelle. Les philosophes s’y sont longtemps essayés avant que les scientifiques ne prennent le relai. En tirant partie des nouvelles découvertes survenues dans ce dernier demi-siècle tant dans les sciences de la vie que dans les sciences sociales, est-il possible de reprendre aujourd’hui cette réflexion à nouveaux frais ? Telle est l’ambition de la présente communication qui s’efforce d’éclairer l’une par l’autre ces nouvelles découvertes faites sur le vivant et le pensant en les fédérant au moyen d’un concept emprunté à l’approche systémique: l’homomorphisme. A mi-chemin de la métaphore et de la modélisation à prétention exhaustive, l’homomorphisme est une analogie partielle et imparfaite entre deux systèmes concrets, analogie néanmoins éclairante et féconde.Cet homomorphisme sera mené à undouble niveau :

celui des moteurs de l’évolution du vivant d’une part, en reprenant des travaux récents qui cherchent à dépasser le néo-darwinisme; des moteurs del’histoire humaine d’autre part, à partir des analysesdu grand historien britannique Arnold Toynbee.

celui de la description phénoménologique de l’évolution sur la longue durée, aussi bien celle des systèmes vivants que des cultures humaines et civilisations. Peut-on discerner dans cette "évolution longue" des lois tendancielles et y découvrirune orientation (au double sens de direction et de signification) comme le pensait Teilhard de Chardin ?

Par ces confrontations, l’auteur de la présente communication espère montrer que l’évolution du vivant peut aider à comprendre l’histoire du pensant,et réciproquement que l’histoire des cultures humaines et des civilisations peut aider à comprendre la plasticité et l’inventivité du vivant.
Eco-ontological Systems of Human Interaction: Rethinking Ecology through Aesthetics
Authors: Kitriniaris Alexandros
Published: July 2020

The object of this paper is to connect ecology with ontology as a complex field of architectural system-based design, and more specifically, as a field worthy of aesthetic consideration. In the post-digital age, globalization seems to be one of the most important consequences for the loss of experience and meaning of space. The modern field of progress ishampered by various ideological stakes relating to the environmental and ecological awareness of place. These preclude the consideration of both the eco-systemic environmental approach, and the potential for cultural and technological evolution that is independent of new material conditions and new design tools that may be perceived as new forms of humanperception. The purpose of this paper is to connect ecology and aesthetics, with ontology as an intermediary. The human metabolic mechanism, as well as the perceptual and musculoskeletal systems, is related to a broad network of ecosystemic references. These references comprise the totality of the ecological approach, both of the environment and of the human individual and collective organization. Thus an ecological approach to aesthetics carries new methods of contemplating territories as background of human interaction. Territory is perceived as an energy threshold which corresponds to human interactions forming the principles of the Eco-ontological concept. To this end, comprehension of the territory as an Ecoontological system refers to the potential positive effect of this research based on systemic concepts with the purpose of improving living experience, especially in densely populated urban centers.
Architecture and systemics: An outline and an outlook
Authors: Fontana Carlotta
Published: July 2020

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Mimesis & Cie – The (un)walled man
Authors: Jungers Jean-Jacques
Published: July 2020

From the Borromean knotting of concepts world, scene and obscene which represent the material, symbolic and mythological dimensions of our environment, the article explains the process of civilization at work in our societies. In our view, this process characterized itself by the obscene placing – to put behind the scene, in French mise obscène – of an important part of our environment. It is specific to the social animal that is the human being. When he stands on the scene, he always hides a part of his condition. The one he is ashamed because it places him in front of the ontological void that constitutes him.The modern movement radicalized this process by elevating the obscene placing up to a principle. This principle constitutes, in our opinion, a denial of together : the complexity of the human being, the fragility of his environment and the specificity of his condition. However, it was the way, followed by the moderns, to hide themselves the ontological void which they were nevertheless constituted. As a result appears a new man, a man without condition which, surrounded by the comforting decor of the scene, has lost the consciousness of both, its constitutive frailty (body and environment) and the destructive nature of its own way of life. If one refers to scientific forecasts, he now runs blindly towards an imminent ecological drama that could end with nothing other than the inhabitability of his own planet.This opens a double urgency: first, to identify and understand the devices at work in the process of obscene placing and subsequently, to reflect on how to change them. It being understood that human awareness would impact its behavior and, thus, would influence the catastrophic projections of our scientists.According to our interpretation of the Lacanian definition of primitive architecture, it can be considered as one of those devices because it allows the man to isolate the obscene from thescene (Jungers 2015). Hence, we hypothesize, to open what follows, that the plausibility of the mimesis is related to the mimetic power of architecture. Mimesis and mimetic would, therefore, be two sides of the same coin. Mimesis is ideational. It traditionally regulates the imitative arts in the way nature has to be represented. Mimetic is material. It allows some animals to survive in this nature by using, according to Roger Caillois, three strategies: intimidation, transvestism and camouflage.To clarify the links between mimesis and mimetic, we will draw hereafter, the contours of this particular animal that is the man, at the same time, talking, symbolic and social animal. On the way we will approach the issues of mimesis and mimetic which will allow us to conclude by pointing three devices used by architecture to hide the obscene: the wall (hiding), the type(meaning) and the parergon (sublimation). These three devices enable the human being not only to hide from himself the obscene, but more than that, to hide from himself that architecture which itself hides.
Haunting rhetoric, haunted epistemology: An anthropological critique of systemics in architecture and urban studies
Authors: Chanet Corentin , Eubelen David
Published: July 2020

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The oku concept and the sequential depth
Authors: Capron Jean-Luc
Published: July 2020

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Paysage: perception et projet
Authors: Di Battista Valerio
Published: July 2020

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Viable system dynamics intelligent framework for assessing and optimizing systemic reengineering for e-governance environments: A case study in corfu sunspots tourist agency
Authors: Assimakopoulos Nikitas A. , Miaris Alexandros
Published: July 2020

Dealing with problems in complex environments that impede organizational cohesion, information dissemination and coordination is extremely difficult nowadays. Usage of technology without sophisticated information sharing planning and solid processes that serve with a bottom-up approach the needs of each individual within an organization, undermines time, cost and quality of deliverables. The eG4M (e-Government for Mediterranean Countries)project basically concentrates on extending, completing and improving the e-Model through the achievement of new research results and its application by participating with the support of the Mediterranean Countries (MCs) – in establishing and consolidating their e-Government systems. This paper focuses on the development of a generic system dynamics model that illustrates the behavior of e-governance systems based on the VSM (Viable Systems Model) as well as the development of a web, collaborative intelligent framework that is built upon the system dynamics model. The framework is meant to have the form of a web-based simulation that is able to identify critical issues related to product, customer, information sharing and service quality using visualizations, automated analytics and impact analysis delivered with natural language format to support the systemic reengineering process, mitigate risk, predict issues during the planning phase and help the user understand complexity and inform his decisions with predictive insights. Modeling the behavior of an e-governance system and being able to automatically process complex relationships, data and issues upon this system mitigates uncertainty at all levels, increases awareness and understanding of the real world and delivers sustainability and viability, increases growth and sets the basis for process autonomy and better coordination, controls and quality of deliverables.
Strategies d’identification des data utiles à la conduite d’opérations de construction
Authors: Cantin Richard , Cryonnet Jean-Claude
Published: July 2020

Lors de la conduite d’opérations de construction impliquant de nombreux acteurs et des secteurs industriels différents, une pensée managériale standardisée accompagnée de l’explosion de data réduit la créativité sans toujours prouver son efficacité. Ce constat est illustré dans les domaines de la construction et de la gestion d’infrastructures de transport, de projets industriels et d’équipements structurant un territoire. Mais comment, dans cette profusion informationnelle, identifer les data utiles à la conduite d’opérations de construction ? Revenant à la notion primordiale d’activité, l’article montre comment les paradigmes des modèles de production se sont succédés dans l’évolution de la réalisation des artéfacts nécessaires à l’homme, et ont généré des modèles de représentation et de pilotage. La pensée systémique est mise en œuvre afin de reformuler les modèles précédemment identifiés. L’article met en évidence les objets, les relations et les opérations des différents systémes artisanaux, manufacturiers, industriels... et l’installation des TIC comme système additionnel. L’article constate que ce dernier système apporte une novation importante dans l’échange informationnel qui ne s’exerce plus uniquement entre humains, et montre la nécessité d’une différenciation entre information et data. La conduite de ce polysystème ne peut être assuré qu’en respectant la variété des paradigmes et des cultures techniques des différents systèmes qui le constituent. Ainsi il est nécessaire de savoir repérer et extraire les datautiles à traiter, les relations et les opérations qui existent dans les systèmes dotés de paradigmes dominants (Droit, Subordination, Norme, Commerce, Cybernétique, etc.). Cette étude de la conduite d’opérations contribue à l’émergence de stratégies visant à appliquer des TIC n’appauvrissant pas la variété des systèmes humains, c’est-à-dire ne mutilant pas leur capacité de création. Distinguer l’information comme phénomène du monde organisé et les data comme matière première du monde des artéfacts numériques devrait permettre de réconcilier créativité et efficacité.
Compléxites éducatives et pedagogiques
Authors: Fert Jean-Marc
Published: July 2020

Éduquer est la tâche créative par excellence puisqu’il s’agit de faire émerger une personne humaine libre, socialisée et auteure de sa vie à partir d’un homo sapiens nouveau-né, l’un des animaux les plus faibles et les plus dépendants à la naissance. Cette tâche était vue comme l’une des trois tâches impossible par Freud qui ne disposait pas encore des outils théoriques permettant de la penser. Pensée systémique temporalisée, cybernétique du second ordre de Von Foerster et pensée complexe morinienne sont requises pour comprendre l’éducation. Les crises actuelles de l’éducation, l’indigence des propositions politiques dans ce domaine, l’inertie et la dégradation du système éducatif, tout cela est compréhensible lorsque l’on constate le terrible manque d’une approche systémique et anthropologique des relations et situations éducatives. Une simple systémographie du système éducatif ne suffit pas. L’espoir ne peut renaître qu’en considérant l’évolution du petit d’homme dans sa complexité chrono-bio-socio-psycho-auto-anthropo-logique, au sein de son milieu de vie lui-même d’une complexité multidimensionnelle.Il nous faut partir des reliances éduquantes et d’une interprétation systémique des pédagogies "cré-actives" pour comprendre les mutations efficientes de l’éducation et des systèmes éducatifs.
Problématique de la crise sociale issue de la robotisation de l’environnement : Cas de la RDC
Authors: Iyembo Nginda Rodrigue
Published: July 2020

L’évolution temporelle de la technologie de l’information a influencé la mutation de l’environnement. En plus, elle va de pair avec l’informatisation qui à son tour a engendré des crises sociales (IVINZA, 2016, p.16). Cette révolution technologique basée sur un savant mélange de robotique, de numérique, de big data, et d’intelligence artificielle, commence à changer progressivement l’environnement industriel, et transforme les façons de produire et modifie les rôles et le travail de l’homme.L’automatisation fulgurante de plusieurs activités que nous connaissons aujourd’hui se généralise par la combinaison de l’intelligence et de la machine, remettant en cause de façon globale non seulement le rôle, mais aussi la valeur ajoutée et la fiabilité de l’homme dans la prise de décision.Quant à la robotisation, on considère qu’à «la différence de la mécanisation et de l’électronisation, cette révolution numérique comporte une dimension cognitive et promeut une autre forme d’intelligence qui aboutit à une sorte d’automatisation pensante, capable de porter un coup fatal aux emplois qualifiés» (JARRIGE, 2014, p.30). La robotisation a-t-elle engendrée une crise sociale en RD Congo ? Le phénomène de la robotisation n’engendre pas toujours une crise sociale. Le robot de roulage congolais a plutôt apporté quelque chose de nouveau dans la gestion de la circulation routière. Les congolais dans leur imaginaire collectif considèrent ce robot de régulation routière comme un être puissant et intelligent du genre Robocop. La population le considère plus capable de réguler la circulation en lieu et place des feux de signalisation qui ne sont pas respectés parce que insignifiant dans la culture congolais.