bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards a Metric for Freedom of Expression. Comparing Three Methodological Approaches to Elaborate Human Rights Indicators
Authors: Jacoby Ana Ximena
Published: March 2022

This paper presents the methodological framework of a research project financed by the Mexican Government. It operationalizes Inter-American standards on freedom of expression into a matrix of over 50 indicators, in order to evaluate public policies related to this right in Mexico. In the first section we present three methodological approaches to construct human rights indicators: budget analysis, the United Nations indicators and the standard-centered approach. In the second section we apply these approaches to a concrete case related to public advertising in Mexico. In the conclusion, we compare our approaches and draw some conclusions regarding the kind of indicators they can construct, the reliability and versatility of their sources and their adaptability in local contexts. Recently, Mexico has begun implementing the United Nations Media Development Indicators. This paper is our contribution to the debate among the colleagues involved in this process.
De ser humano a ser vivo. Afectividad ambiental. Sensibilidad, empatía y estéticas del habitar
Authors: García Joyce
Published: March 2022

¿Cuál es la solución para mitigar e erradicar la crisis ambiental que estamos viviendo actualmente? Es imposible definir una sola respuesta ante esta pregunta, las actividades antropogénicas han alterado componentes naturales como: la temperatura, el clima, cuerpos de agua, múltiples suelos, flujos de energía, entre otros elementos y factores que constituyen los diversos ecosistemas en los que las relaciones ser vivo-naturaleza se llevan a cabo.
Es seguro la reducción del impacto ambiental debe iniciar con el sentir, aquello que nos produce emociones o sentimientos, lo que nos motiva,  mueve e impulsa a actuar en beneficio propio o colectivo. Sin embargo las acciones de la humanidad en la Tierra se han convertido en un huracán de amenazas para otras especies, el tiempo corre a toda velocidad y el propósito de germinar el sentimiento de empatía en cada uno de los habitantes de este planeta, que es nuestro hogar, está en peligro de extinción.
Bugs as Drugs: Understanding the Linkage between Gut Microbiota and
Cancer Treatment
Authors: Rana Dhwani , Salave Sagar , Perla Akhil , Nadkarni Akanksha , Kolhe Shital , Jindal Anil B. , Mandoli Amit , Dwivedi Pradeep , Benival Derajram
Published: March 2022

Background:

The commensal microbiota is known to regulate host physiology. Dysbio-sis or compromised resilience in the microbial ecology is related to the impending risk of cancer. A potential link between cancer and microbiota is indicated by a lot of evidence.

Objective:

The current review explores in detail the various links leading to and /or facilitating on-cogenesis, providing sound reasoning or a basis for its utilization as potential therapeutic targets. The present review emphasizes the existing knowledge of the microbiome in cancer and further elaborates on the factors, like genetic modifications, effects of dietary components, and environ-mental agents, that are considered to assess the direct and indirect effect of microbes in the process of oncogenesis and on the host’s health. Strategies modulating the microbiome and novel biothera-peutics are also discussed. Pharmacomicrobiomics is one such niche accounting for the interplay between the microbiome, xenobiotic, and host responses, which is also looked upon.

Methods:

The literature search strategy for this review was conducted by following the methodolo-gy of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The method includes the collection of data from different search engines, like PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciFinder, etc., to get coverage of relevant literature for accumulating appropriate information re-garding microbiome, cancer, and their linkages.

Results:

These considerations are made to expand the existing literature on the role of gut microbio-ta in the host's health, the interaction between host and microbiota, and the reciprocal relationship between the microbiome and modified neoplastic cells.

Conclusion:

Potential therapeutic implications of cancer microbiomes that are yet unexplored and have rich therapeutic dividends improving human health are discussed in detail in this review.
A Patent Review of Lung-airway Modeling with Tangential Digital Twin
Technology
Authors: Bao Yudong , Li Xu , Zhao Yanling , Qu Shengqian
Published: March 2022

Background:

The digital twin as an integrated technology has been widely used in the
medical field. Currently, the application of digital twin technology in the field of respiratory science
is mostly theoretical exploration, with less applied technical research. Therefore, this has
greatly limited the development of lung-airway models and devices that cope with digital twin
technology in clinical settings and has also hindered the development of digital twin technology.

Objective:

The aim of this study is to propose an effective physical model to simulate the human
environment as an efficient means to develop and improve the digital twin technology.

Method:

A representative set of patents related to physical models of the respiratory tract and
lungs is presented, including methods for model building and ways to assess and predict the diagnosis
of respiratory diseases.

Results:

Current patents are analyzed and compared in three aspects: physical models, model
building methods, and respiratory disease assessment and prediction. A digital twin modeling approach,
including mechanical effects, biological evolution, physiological tissue changes, and physical
entity coupling is proposed based on the hardware support involved in rapid prototyping techniques
and method patents. The advantages and disadvantages of the existing models are analyzed,
and the systematicity, applicability, modeling techniques, and fidelity of the digital twin physical
model are discussed.

Conclusion:

Lung airway models are already based on complete morphological data, but purely
physical models cannot reproduce the real environment of the human body. Therefore, in order to
reach the heights of digital twins, the intervention of numerical theory and related auxiliary hardware
is often required.
The Localization Methods in Mobile Robot Navigation Technology:
A Patent Review
Authors: Zhang Hongxin , Li Guangsen , Shu Rongzijun , Wang Hongyu , Li Jiaming
Published: March 2022

Background:

The mobile robot navigation technology includes two key issues: the
localization and the path planning, of which the localization is the most basic part of mobile
robot navigation, because the target point is meaningful only when mobile robot's pose is
clarified, and path planning can be done on this basis. Therefore, it is of great significance to
have a good localization method for mobile robots.

Objective:

This study aimed to summarize the existing localization methods in mobile robot
navigation technology and introduce their classifications, characteristics, as well as the stage and
trends of development.

Methods:

A retrospective review of various patents and literature related to localization methods
in mobile robot navigation technology was performed. The characteristics, differences, and
applications of different localization methods were also introduced.

Results:

The existing localization methods were analyzed and compared, and their typical
characteristics are summarized. The main applications, as well as the pros and cons in the current
development stage, were summarized and analyzed. In addition, the development trend of patents
related to positioning methods is also discussed.

Conclusion:

This paper summarized three localization methods and provided numerous cases. It
can be seen that most of the existing localization methods are dedicated to improving the
positioning accuracy and efficiency of mobile robots, while there is less research on the
robustness of mobile robot localization, which is not conducive to the research on robots with the
unknown working environment and long moving distances. Therefore, related research patents
and documents should be proposed. Current and future development trends are also looking
forward.
Appalachian Culture & History, An Important Lesson for Incoming Medical Students
Authors: S. Hedrick, MA Jason , Rhodes, MD Larry A. , Cottrell, EdD Scott , Ferrari III, MD Norman D.
Published: March 2022

INTRODUCTION There is an expectation that medical students will be exposed to and gain cultural competence prior to graduation. It is prudent to ensure that cultural competence education starts early in the medical school curriculum. METHODS A 90-minute educational session ("Appalachian Culture and History") was created at the West Virginia University School of Medicine as a part of the cultural competency curriculum to better introduce and orient new medical school matriculates to the culture and history of both the state and Appalachia. Students anonymously completed on-line evaluations at the conclusion of the session to rate the quality of the presentation on a five-point scale which ranged from 1 (" very dissatisfied ") to S ("extremely satisfied "). RESULTS Students rated the session at a mean of 4.52, 4.37, and 4,53 in 2018, 2019, and 2020 respectively. Positive comments were generated by in-state and out-of-state students. DISCUSSION Matriculating students have been overwhelmingly satisfied with the Appalachian Culture and History educational session based upon anonymous evaluations. CONCLUSIONS As the majority of medical students have positively appraised the Appalachian Culture and History educational session, there is reason to believe they will be better prepared to learn from and care for patients from Appalachia.
Evaluating the Increased Burden of Cardiorespiratory Illness Visits to Adult Emergency Departments During Flu and Bronchiolitis Outbreaks in the Pediatric Population: Retrospective Multicentric Time Series Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Morel Benoit , Bouleux Guillaume , Viallon Alain , Maignan Maxime , Provoost Luc , Bernadac Jean-Christophe , Devidal Sarah , Pillet Sylvie , Cantais Aymeric , Mory Olivier
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

Cardiorespiratory decompensation (CRD) visits have a profound effect on adult emergency departments (EDs). Respiratory pathogens like respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza virus are common reasons for increased activity in pediatric EDs and are associated with CRD in the adult population. Given the seasonal aspects of such challenging pathology, it would be advantageous to predict their variations.

OBJECTIVE

The goal of this study was to evaluate the increased burden of CRD in adult EDs during flu and bronchiolitis outbreaks in the pediatric population.

METHODS

An ecological study was conducted, based on admissions to the adult ED of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) of Grenoble and Saint Etienne from June 29, 2015 to March 22, 2020. The outbreak periods for bronchiolitis and flu in the pediatric population were defined with a decision-making support tool, PREDAFLU, used in the pediatric ED. A Kruskal-Wallis variance analysis and a Spearman monotone dependency were performed in order to study the relationship between the number of adult ED admissions for the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 codes related to cardiorespiratory diagnoses and the presence of an epidemic outbreak as defined with PREDAFLU.

RESULTS

The increase in visits to the adult ED for CRD and the bronchiolitis and flu outbreaks had a similar distribution pattern (CHU Saint Etienne: χ23=102.7, P<.001; CHU Grenoble: χ23=126.67, P<.001) and were quite dependent in both hospital settings (CHU Saint Etienne: Spearman ρ=0.64; CHU Grenoble: Spearman ρ=0.71). The increase in ED occupancy for these pathologies was also significantly related to the pediatric respiratory infection outbreaks. These 2 criteria gave an idea of the increased workload in the ED due to CRD during the bronchiolitis and flu outbreaks in the pediatric population.

CONCLUSIONS

This study established that CRD visits and bed occupancy for adult EDs were significantly increased during bronchiolitis and pediatric influenza outbreaks. Therefore, a prediction tool for these outbreaks such as PREDAFLU can be used to provide early warnings of increased activity in adult EDs for CRD visits.
Comparing SF-36 Scores Collected Through Web-Based Questionnaire Self-completions and Telephone Interviews: An Ancillary Study of the SENTIPAT Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Açma Ayşe , Carrat Fabrice , Hejblum Gilles
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

The 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) is a popular questionnaire for measuring the self-perception of quality of life in a given population of interest. Processing the answers of a participant comprises the calculation of 10 scores corresponding to 8 scales measuring several aspects of perceived health and 2 summary components (physical and mental). Surprisingly, no study has compared score values issued from a telephone interview versus those from an internet-based questionnaire self-completion.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to compare the SF-36 score values issued from a telephone interview versus those from an internet-based questionnaire self-completion.

METHODS

Patients with an internet connection and returning home after hospital discharge were enrolled in the SENTIPAT multicenter randomized trial on the day of discharge. They were randomized to either self-completing a set of questionnaires using a dedicated website (internet group) or providing answers to the same questionnaires administered during a telephone interview (telephone group). This ancillary study of the trial compared SF-36 data related to the posthospitalization period in these 2 groups. To anticipate the potential unbalanced characteristics of the responders in the 2 groups, the impact of the mode of administration of the questionnaire on score differences was investigated using a matched sample of individuals originating from the internet and telephone groups (1:1 ratio), in which the matching procedure was based on a propensity score approach. SF-36 scores observed in the internet and telephone groups were compared using the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test, and the score differences between the 2 groups were also examined according to Cohen effect size.

RESULTS

Overall, 29.2% (245/840) and 75% (630/840) of SF-36 questionnaires were completed in the internet and telephone groups, respectively (P<.001). Globally, the score differences between groups before matching were similar to those observed in the matched sample. Mean scores observed in the telephone group were all above the corresponding values observed in the internet group. After matching, score differences in 6 out of the 8 SF-36 scales were statistically significant, with a mean difference greater than 5 for 4 scales and an associated mild effect size ranging from 0.22 to 0.29, and with a mean difference near this threshold for 2 other scales (4.57 and 4.56) and a low corresponding effect size (0.18 and 0.16, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

The telephone mode of administration of SF-36 involved an interviewer effect, increasing SF-36 scores. Questionnaire self-completion via the internet should be preferred, and surveys combining various administration methods should be avoided.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01769261; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT01769261
Acceptability and Feasibility of a Return-to-Work Intervention for Posttreatment Breast Cancer Survivors: Protocol for a Co-design and Development Study (Preprint)
Authors: Bilodeau Karine , Gouin Marie-Michelle , Lecours Alexandra , Lederer Valérie , Durand Marie-José , Kilpatrick Kelley , Lepage David , Ladouceur-Deslauriers Lauriane , Dorta Tomas
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

The mortality rate from breast cancer has been declining for many years, and the population size of working-age survivors is steadily increasing. However, the recurrent side effects of cancer and its treatment can result in multiple disabilities and disruptions to day-to-day life, including work disruptions. Despite the existing knowledge of best practices regarding return to work (RTW) for breast cancer survivors, only a few interdisciplinary interventions have been developed to address the individualized needs and multiple challenges of breast cancer survivors, health care professionals, and employer and insurer representatives. Thus, it seems appropriate to develop RTW interventions collaboratively by using a co-design approach with these specific stakeholders.

OBJECTIVE

This paper presents a protocol for developing and testing an innovative, interdisciplinary pilot intervention based on a co-design approach to better support RTW and job retention after breast cancer treatment.

METHODS

First, a participatory research approach will be used to develop the intervention in a co-design workshop with 12 to 20 participants, including people affected by cancer, employer and insurer representatives, and health care professionals. Next, a pilot intervention will be tested in a primary care setting with 6 to 8 women affected by breast cancer. The acceptability and feasibility of the pilot intervention will be pretested through semistructured interviews with participants, health care professionals, and involved patient partners. The transcribed data will undergo an iterative content analysis.

RESULTS

The first phase of the project—the co-design workshop—was completed in June 2021. The pilot test of the intervention will begin in spring 2022. The results from the test will be available in late 2022.

CONCLUSIONS

The project will offer novel data regarding the use of the co-design approach for the development of innovative, co-designed interventions. In addition, it will be possible to document the acceptability and feasibility of the pilot intervention with a primary care team. Depending on the results obtained, the intervention could be implemented on a larger scale.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/37009
The Effectiveness of eHealth Interventions on Lifestyle Modification in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Kwon Oh Young , Choi Jinyoung , Jang Yeonsoo
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing in parallel with the epidemic of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Lifestyle modification is a crucial strategy for the treatment of NAFLD, which can lead to a reduction in liver fat with concomitant weight loss. The use of eHealth technologies is an effective approach to improve health outcomes in patients as they do not have any time and space limitations.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to evaluate published eHealth intervention studies for the improvement of lifestyle modifications among patients with NAFLD and to provide recommendations for future studies.

METHODS

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. Five electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Central, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Web of Science) were searched for studies reporting the effect of lifestyle modification intervention using eHealth in patients with NAFLD published from inception to April 15, 2021. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed by 3 researchers independently. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and the Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Nonrandomized Studies.

RESULTS

In total, 2506 records were identified, and 37 full-text articles were assessed. Six studies were included in the systematic review. The participants of all interventions were 1,217 individuals with NAFLD, and the mean age ranged from 38.3 to 57.9 years. The duration of the interventions was 6-24 weeks, and all interventions were categorized into 3 types: internet-based computers, telephones, and mobile applications. Of these, 4 studies were randomized controlled trials. According to the meta-analysis, clear improvements in the eHealth intervention were observed in weight (p=.001; 95% CI −0.53 to −0.36), BMI (p<.001; 95% CI −0.61 to −0.21), AST (p<.001; 95% CI −6.50 to −2.16), and ALT (p<.001; 95% CI −0.61 to −0.18), compared with the control groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Lifestyle modification interventions using eHealth technologies are significantly effective for weight, BMI, AST, and ALT in NAFLD patients. Future research should conduct interventions with larger sample sizes and evaluate whether these interventions have sustained benefits, and how we can make these eHealth methods most effective on a large scale.
Necessity is the mother of invention: digitising national SARI surveillance in an island country (Preprint)
Authors: Cauchi John Paul , Borg Maria-Louise , Dziugyte Ausra , Attard Jessica , Melillo Tanya , Zahra Graziella , Barbara Christopher , Spiteri Michael , Drago Allan , Zammit Luke , Debono Joseph , Souness Jorgen , Agius Steve , Young Sharon , Dimech Alan , Chetcuti Ian , Camenzuli Mark , Calleja Ivan , Calleja Neville , Tabone Lorraine , Gauci Charmaine , Baruch Joaquin
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

Background: In late 2020, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control and Epiconcept started implementing a surveillance system for severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) across Europe. Our objective is to describe how SARI surveillance was digitised in Malta and describe the characteristics of people included in the surveillance system. We also compare different SARI case definitions including their advantages and disadvantages.

OBJECTIVE

Objective: To describe the process of digitising and upgrading SARI surveillance in an island country with a centralized health system during a pandemic, discussing the process, output and future for SARI and other public health surveillance opportunities.

METHODS

Methods: Malta has one main public hospital where, on admission, patient data are entered into electronic records as free text. Symptoms and comorbidities are manually extracted from these records, while other data are collected from registers. Collected data are formatted to produce weekly and monthly reports to inform public health actions.

RESULTS

Results: From October 2020 to February 2021, we established an analogue incidence-based system for SARI surveillance. From February 2021 onwards we mapped key stakeholders and digitised most surveillance processes. By 30 November 2021, 903 SARI cases were reported, with 380 (42.2%) positive for SARS-CoV-2. Of all SARI hospitalisations, 69 (7.6%) were admitted to ICU, 769 (85.2%) have been discharged, 27 (2.9%) are still being treated, and 107 (11.8%) have died. Among those who died, 96 (89.7%) had more than one underlying condition, the most common of which were hypertension (57; 53.3%) and chronic heart disease (49; 45.8%).

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion: The implementation of an enhanced SARI surveillance in Malta was completed by the end of May 2021, allowing monitoring of SARI incidence and patient characteristics. A future shift to register-based surveillance should improve SARI detection through automated processes.
Are Organizational EHealth Interventions Becoming More Effective at Addressing Employee Mental Health; A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Stratton Elizabeth , Lampit Amit , Choi Isabella , Malmberg Gavelin Hanna , Aji Melissa , Taylor Jennifer , Calvo Rafael A , Harvey Samuel B , Glozier Nicholas
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

Mental health conditions are considered the leading cause of disability, sickness absence, and long-term work incapacity in most developed countries. EHealth interventions provide employees with access to psychological assistance. There has been widespread implementation and provision of eHealth interventions in the workplace as an inexpensive and anonymous way of addressing common mental disorders

OBJECTIVE

The aims of this updated review were to synthesize the literature of the efficacy of eHealth interventions for anxiety, depression, and stress outcomes in employee samples in organisational settings, and evaluate whether their effectiveness has improved over time.

METHODS

Systematic searches in relevant articles published from 2004 - July 2020 of trials of eHealth interventions (App or web-based) focused on the mental health of employees. The quality and bias of all studies was assessed. We extracted means and standard deviations from publications, comparing the difference in effect sizes (Hedge’s g) in standardized mental health outcomes. We meta-analyzed these using a random effects model.

RESULTS

We identified a tripling of the body of evidence, with 75 trials available for meta-analysis, with a combined sample of n=14,747. EHealth interventions showed small positive effects for anxiety (g=0.26), depression (g=0.26), and stress (g=0.25) in employees’ post-intervention, with similar effects seen at the medium term follow up. There was evidence for no increase in the effectiveness of these interventions over the past decade.

CONCLUSIONS

This review and meta-analysis confirm that eHealth interventions have a small, positive impact on reducing mental health symptoms in employees. Disappointingly we found no evidence that, despite the advances in technology, the enormous resources in time, research and finance devoted to this area for over a decade, we are producing better interventions. Hopefully these small effect sizes do not represent the optimum outcome in organisational settings.

CLINICALTRIAL

The systematic review protocol was registered on PROSPERO: CRD42020185859.
What Makes a Patient Active?: A Scoping Review of the Facilitators and Barriers to Patients Actively Managing their Medical Data in a Personal Electronic Health Record (Preprint)
Authors: Damen Debby , Schoonman Guus , Maat Barbara , Habibović Mirela , Krahmer Emiel , Pauws Steffen
Published: March 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

This scoping review explores the barriers and facilitators patients face when deciding to share, update, or modify their personal and medical data (e.g., data that is relevant across illness episodes, such as patients’ medications, allergies, immunizations, and their medical, social, and family health history) in their personal electronic health record (PEHR). Current review explores the extent to which patients’ level of data management impacts the quality and safety of care, and patients’ satisfaction with the care delivered. Online databases Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, as well as reference list of all primary and review articles were searched using a predefined search query. Out of the 474 eligible papers, 37 provided sufficient information about patients’ data management activities. Results showed that patients prefer to be passive rather than active users of their PEHR. In addition, patients refrain from generating and managing their medical data, especially when this data is complex and sensitive. Reasons for patients’ passive behavior were related to their concerns about the validity, applicability, and confidentiality of patient-generated data. Current findings suggest recommendations for implementing design features within the PEHR and the construal of a dedicated policy to inform both clinical staff and patients about the added value of patient-generated data. Moreover, clinicians should be involved as important ambassador in informing, reminding, and encouraging patients to manage their data in their PEHR
An Analysis of French-Language Tweets About COVID-19 Vaccines: Supervised Learning Approach (Preprint)
Authors: Sauvayre Romy , Vernier Jessica , Chauvière Cédric
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

As the COVID-19 pandemic progressed, disinformation, fake news, and conspiracy theories spread through many parts of society. However, the disinformation spreading through social media is, according to the literature, one of the causes of increased COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. In this context, the analysis of social media posts is particularly important, but the large amount of data exchanged on social media platforms requires specific methods. This is why machine learning and natural language processing models are increasingly applied to social media data.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to examine the capability of the CamemBERT French-language model to faithfully predict the elaborated categories, with the knowledge that tweets about vaccination are often ambiguous, sarcastic, or irrelevant to the studied topic.

METHODS

A total of 901,908 unique French-language tweets related to vaccination published between July 12, 2021, and August 11, 2021, were extracted using Twitter’s application programming interface (version 2; Twitter Inc). Approximately 2000 randomly selected tweets were labeled with 2 types of categorizations: (1) arguments for (pros) or against (cons) vaccination (health measures included) and (2) type of content (scientific, political, social, or vaccination status). The CamemBERT model was fine-tuned and tested for the classification of French-language tweets. The model’s performance was assessed by computing the F1-score, and confusion matrices were obtained.

RESULTS

The accuracy of the applied machine learning reached up to 70.6% for the first classification (pro and con tweets) and up to 90% for the second classification (scientific and political tweets). Furthermore, a tweet was 1.86 times more likely to be incorrectly classified by the model if it contained fewer than 170 characters (odds ratio 1.86; 95% CI 1.20-2.86).

CONCLUSIONS

The accuracy of the model is affected by the classification chosen and the topic of the message examined. When the vaccine debate is jostled by contested political decisions, tweet content becomes so heterogeneous that the accuracy of the model drops for less differentiated classes. However, our tests showed that it is possible to improve the accuracy by selecting tweets using a new method based on tweet length.
Correction: COVID-19 Vaccine Tweets After Vaccine Rollout: Sentiment–Based Topic Modeling (Preprint)
Authors: Huangfu Luwen , Mo Yiwen , Zhang Peijie , Zeng Daniel Dajun , He Saike
Published: March 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

NA
"Evolution, Pathophysiology and Genetic Modulation of Novel Coronavirus" (Preprint)
Authors: Gupta Jr Ena
Published: March 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

Recently COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 after emergence in Wuhan, China, and spreading almost in every country throughout the world. It has been appeared as subject of intensive debate and concern among most government’s public health systems, researcher and policy makers. The severity of this zoonotic disease upshot to pandemic situation which have long term impacts on personal, behavioral, social, economic as well as political state of affairs. Variations in COVID-19 severity made the situation more critical to elucidate genomics and genetic pathways linked to susceptibility and transmission of SARS-Cov-2 infection. In the present study attempts were drawn to shed some light with special reference to SARS-Cov-2 infection and COVID-19 introduction, evolutionary history, structure, pathophysiology, genetic modulation, diagnosis and treatment to provide insight over pandemic flinch, its emergence and progression round the world. The present study also gives a summarized idea about possibility in near future for the formulation of proper medication through identification of therapeutic target molecules including vaccine development, appropriate preventive and control measures for the treatment and management of COVID-19.
Management of Respiratory Failure
Authors: Pearson Steven D. , Koyner Jay L. , Patel Bhakti K.
Published: March 2022

Mechanical ventilation is a lifesaving therapy for critically ill patients with respiratory failure, but like all treatments, it has the potential to cause harm if not administered appropriately. This review aims to give an overview of the basic principles of invasive and noninvasive mechanical ventilation. Topics covered include modes of mechanical ventilation, respiratory mechanics and ventilator waveform interpretation, strategies for initial ventilator settings, indications and contraindications for noninvasive ventilation, and the effect of the ventilator on kidney function.
PRE-FORMULATION STUDY ON 5-FLUOROURACIL AND CERTAIN LIPIDS FOR SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES PREPARATION
Authors: ELKHATIB MONA M. , ALI AMIR I. , ABDELRAZEK SUZAN A. , AL-BADRAWY ALI S.
Published: March 2022

Objective: The study's objective involved compatibility studies to investigate the possible interactions between 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and four different lipids, and the most appropriate lipid was chosen. 
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) are used for the compatibility study between 5-FU and several excipients as cholesterol, compritol®, stearic acid, and glycerol monostearate (GMS).
Methods: The physical mixture between 5-FU and each lipid was made by mixing of a certain amount of drug with the same amount of lipid. Drug lipid blended mixtures were made by solvent evaporation casting method. 5-FU alone, physical mixture and blended mixture were measured using Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to investigate melting peak of drug and effect of each lipid on this melting point, X-ray diffraction (XRD) to observe the crystalline or amorphous state of drug and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) to determine any chemical interaction between drug and these lipids by observing any shift happened to characteristic peaks related to the drug.
Results: 5-FU Tm (280.04 °C) peak appeared in drug-lipid physical mixtures with minor changes in position while this peak disappeared in 5-FU-compritol® and 5-FU-cholesterol blended mixture, indicating that the drug is molecular dispersed. XRD result showed that the crystalline structure of 5-FU was present in physical mixtures with four lipids, while in the 5-FU-compritol® blended mixture, the crystalline state of the drug was disappeared, confirming the DSC result.
The FT-IR spectrum of the 5-FU-physical mixtures with four lipids showed that all characteristic peaks of the drug appeared with minor changes. In the case of 5-FU-blended mixtures with mentioned lipids, no chemical interaction occurred between the drug and mentioned lipids except in the drug-stearic acid blended mixture, the N-H peak at 3136.25 cm-1 was disappeared due to amide ester formation.
Conclusion: The most appropriate lipids suitable for the preparation of 5-FU solid lipid nanoparticles were GMS and cholesterol.
COMPARISON OF CHITOSAN FROM CRAB SHELL WASTE AND SHRIMP SHELL WASTE AS NATURAL ADSORBENT AGAINST HEAVY METALS AND DYES
Authors: NERDY NERDY , LESTARI PUJI , SIMORANGKIR DELISMA , AULIANSHAH VONNA , YUSUF FAISAL , BAKRI TEDY KURNIAWAN
Published: March 2022

Objective: Crustacean shell waste is not currently used to its full potential. Most waste from crustaceans used in food pollutes the environment. Widely found in crab shell waste and shrimp shell waste, chitosan is a modification of chitin compounds. This study aims to utilize crustacean shell waste (crab shell waste and shrimp shell waste) as a natural adsorbent against heavy metals and dyes in the form of chitosan.
Methods: This study includes the steps of extracting chitosan from crab shell waste and shrimp shell waste, followed by adsorption capacity tests against heavy metals (mercury and arsenic) and dyes (tartrazine and amaranth).
Results: Chitosan sourced from both crab shell waste and shrimp shell waste met the physical and chemical characteristic requirements, and the yield was 28.19% and 18.33%, respectively. The adsorption capacity against heavy metals and dyes from crab shell waste chitosan ranged from 43.4% to 55.6% and the shrimp shell waste chitosan ranged from 50.8% to 60.2%.
Conclusion: Crustacean shell waste can be processed into chitosan, which is valuable and can be used as a natural adsorbent against heavy metals and dyes for wastewater treatment in several industrial sectors.
A NEW RELATED SUBSTANCES METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF TWO ANTI-CANCER DRUGS BY USING EFFECTIVE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD
Authors: SATYADEV T N V S S , RAMAKRISHNA CHINTALAPUDI
Published: March 2022

Objective: The present study was aimed at developing and successively validating novel, simple, responsive and stable RP-HPLC method for the measurement of active pharmaceutical ingredients of mitomycin and fluorouracil and their related substances.
Methods: Using the impurity-spiked solution, the chromatographic approach was optimized. The chromatographic method used Luna C18 column of dimensions 150x4.6 mn, 3.5 μm, using gradient elution with a mobile phase of acetonitrile and 0.1 percent orthophosphoric acid. A flow rate of 1 ml/min and a detector wavelength of 260 nm using the PDA detector was provided in the instrumental settings. Recovery, specificity, linearity, accuracy, robustness, ruggedness was determined as a part of method validation and the results were found to be within the acceptable range.
Results: According to the ICH guidelines, the developed approach was validated. The calibration charts plotted were linear with a regression coefficient of R2>0.999.
Conclusion: The method developed was found to be applicable to routine analysis and to be used for the measurement of active pharmaceutical ingredients (i. e, Mitomycin and Fluorouracil and its related impurities). Since there is no HPLC method reported in the literature for the estimation of Mitomycin, Fluorouracil and its related impurities; there is a need to develop quantitative methods under different conditions to achieve improvement in specificity, selectivity etc.
STABILITY AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY TEST OF NANOSILVER BIOSYNTHETIC HYDROGEL
Authors: ERMAWATI DIAN EKA , YUGATAMA ADI , RAMADHANI BERLIANA RIZKA , PERTIWI INTAN , ROSIKHOH ANISWATUN , NOVACHIRIA SAFIRA RAHMA
Published: March 2022

Objective: This study aims to formulate nanosliver (AgNPs) biosynthetic hydrogel for topical antibacterial treatment and its stability and antibacterial activity.
Methods: The mixture (Silver nitrate solution and Turmeric juice) was stirred at room temperature for 24 h; afterward, it was analyzed using UV-VIS spectrophotometry, particle size analysis, and TEM. The carbopol 940 was selected as a gelling agent with an AgNPs concentration of 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30%. Furthermore, the gel preparation was tested for stability using the cycling test method and antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Results: The nanosilver biosynthetic has a yellow-brown color with the maximum wavelength peak at 433 nm, and a particle size of 157.4-166.7 nm. TEM analysis showed that AgNPs have a round shape, while the antibacterial activity of hydrogel preparations was moderately inhibited. Furthermore, the hydrogel was evaluated for pH, viscosity, dispersibility, and antibacterial activity before-after the cycling test. Formula with 30% AgNPs is chosen formula with pH value of 5.87±0.65; viscosity of 4833.3±2.82 c. Ps; and dispersibility of 5.50±0.15 after cycling test.
Conclusion: The high concentration of AgNPs will increase the viscosity, pH, and dispersibility. Formula with 30% AgNPs have the highest antibacterial activity. Furthermore, all hydrogel preparations meet the requirements of Indonesian Standard Product (SNI) No. 06-2588-1992 for good gel stability before and after the cycling test.
HPLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF LERCANIDIPINE HCL AND ATENOLOL, CHARACTERIZATION OF ITS DEGRADANTS BY LC-MS/MS
Authors: RAO P. T. S. R. K. PRASADA
Published: March 2022

Objective: An assay method was developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of Lercanipine HCl and atenolol using RP-HPLC.
Methods: An effective chromatographic separation was achieved using waters symmetry C18 column of dimensions 150x4.6 mm, 3.5 μm, as a stationary phase. 0.1 percent ortho phosphoric acid and acetonitrile in 50:50 v/v was used as a mobile process with a rate of flow 1 ml/min and UV detection was carried out at 230 nm, respectively. Isocratic chromatography at ambient temperature was performed.
Results: Lercanidipine HCl and atenolol were separated by a running time of around 8 min. at 2.925 min. and 6.482 min. Respectively. By injecting the norm six times, device suitability parameters were studied and the outcomes were well under the acceptance criteria. The linearity analysis was performed at levels ranging from 10% to 150% and the R2 value was found to be 0.999.
Conclusion: Assay method validation was performed by using the marketed formulation and found to be within the limit. Degradation tests were conducted and the degradants were characterized by using LC-MS/MS.
NEW VALIDATED STABILITY-INDICATING RP-HPLC METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE, LINAGLIPTIN AND EMPAGLIFLOZIN IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS
Authors: UNADE TAREKEGN TADESSE , PAWAR A. KRISHNAMANJARI
Published: March 2022

Objective: The purpose of the present study is to develop simple, fast, accurate, precise, and robust stability-indicating reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of metformin HCl, empagliflozin, and linagliptin in their combinations.
Methods: Separation was performed on Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18 (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 µm) column with a mobile phase consisting of 0.1 % triethylamine (pH =3) buffer and acetonitrile in the ratio 40: 60 (v/v) at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. Detection of the analytes was carried out at a wavelength of 240 nm with a photodiode array detector. The developed method was validated as per the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines.
Results: The retention time values under the optimized condition were 2.660 min, 3.586 min, and 5.412 min for metformin HCl, linagliptin, and empagliflozin, respectively. The method was linear over a concentration range of 100 µg/ml-1500 µg/ml, 0.5 µg/ml-7.5 µg/ml, and 2.5 µg/ml-37.5 µg/ml for metformin HCl,linagliptin and empagliflozin respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) of the method was found to be 4.00 µg/ml, 0.02 µg/ml, and 1.00 µg/ml for metformin HCl, linagliptin, and empagliflozin, respectively. The degradation peaks were clearly resolved from the parent drug peaks in the chromatograms of forced degradation studies.
Conclusion: The validated method was successfully applied for the determination of metformin HCl, linagliptin, and empagliflozin in their combined tablet dosage forms and hence can be used for the routine quality control of the drugs in pharmaceutical bulk, and dosage forms.
STUDY OF EMULSION PRODUCTS STABILIZED WITH SURFACTANTS BASED ON RHAMNOLIPIDS PSEUDOMONAS SP. PS-17
Authors: I. R. PELEKH-BONDARUK , R. I. VILDANOVA , L. I. KOBYLINSKA , Y. Y. BILA , S. B. BILOUS
Published: March 2022

Objective: To study the effectiveness of the biocomplex of surfactants based on rhamnolipids Pseudomonas sp. PS-17 (biocomplex PS) as an emulsifier in emulsions for use in dermatology.
Methods: Technological methods of o/w emulsions manufacturing, ultrasonic dispersion, as well as microscopic studies of manufactured emulsions have been used.
Results: To select the concentration of biocomplex PS as an emulsifier, studies of the emulsifying properties of bio complex PS in comparison with polysorbate 80 have been performed, taking into account the similarity of the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of these substances. Several compositions of emulsions have been studied in which the biocomplex PS has been used as an independent emulsifier in a concentration from 4 to 10%, as well as in combination with other emulsifiers-lanolin and glycerol monostearate.
Conclusion: The creation of stable o/w emulsions requires the use of high concentrations of biocomplex PS as an emulsifier, more than 10%, which is impractical and economically unreasonable. The use of biocomplex PS as a co-emulsifier with emulsifiers of the second type allows obtaining stable emulsions at a total concentration of complex emulsifier 7-10%.
IMPLEMENTATION OF FACTORIAL DESIGN TO OPTIMIZE THE FORMULATION METHOD OF EZETIMIBE POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLE BY HOMOGENIZATION CUM ULTRA-SONICATION METHOD
Authors: NAGAMANI D. BALA , REDDY K. BHASKAR , MAHESWARAMMA K. SESHA , RAJ S. BRITO
Published: March 2022

Objective: The objective of this study is to use a 23 factorial design to optimize the formulation factors of Ezetimibe polymeric nanoparticle.
Methods: By varying formulation variables such as polymer concentration (hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose composition) and process variables such as homogenization time (min) and ultra-sonication time, the formulation of polymeric nanoparticles was designed using a 23 factorial design and prepared using the homogenization cum ultra-sonication method (min). Particle size (nm), zeta potential (mV), polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency (%), drug content, in vitro drug release, in vitro release kinetic studies, and stability studies were used to analyse and optimize polymeric nanoparticles according to ICH criteria.
Results: R7 formulation showed predicted and desired less particle size 87.0±3.64 nm; maximum zeta potential-33.4±2.32 mV; desired polydispersity index 0.488±0.20; maximum entrapment efficiency of 96.45±2.42 % and controlled dissolution release pattern of about 90.42±3.56% in 24h.
Conclusion: The polymeric nanoparticle was formulated and optimized by the parameters like Particle Size (PS in nm), Polydispersity Index (PI), Zeta potential (Zp in mV), % Entrapment Efficiency and in vitro drug release for 24 h were evaluated. These parameters showed significant changes while formulating polymeric nanoparticles along with various formulation and process variables. From the release pattern data it was observed that PNs show a significant improvement of dissolution character of Ezetamibe. According to the findings, PNs have a controlled drug release pattern and can be used as a suitable drug delivery carrier for low solubility and poorly bioavailable drugs like Ezetamibe to improve its dissolution.
Purification of Grey water using the natural method
Authors: Joshi Snehal , Palande Priti , Gore Dr. Suneeti , Oke Ms. Anuja , Manjunath Mrs. Gopika , Naidu Dr. Chitra , Joshi Dr. Meenal
Published: March 2022

The Water crisis is a major problem now a day. To solve this problem, there are various methods of water conservation such as rainwater harvesting or water reuse. Grey water treatment is also an option for water conservation. Grey water is the untreated household wastewater that has not come into contact with sewage (WHO -ROEM2006). In this study we have used various flocculating agents like alum, PAC, lime, chitosan, alum+ lime, fuller earth, ferric chloride, ferrous sulfate, PAM, Micro+, soya bean, alum+ soya bean etc. and the one thatgave the most significant results were used for further study. Among the flocculating agents used, alum + soybean powder gave promising results. So this flocculating agent and coagulating aid were used for further experiment. We prepared biochar using groundnut husks which is a waste material and activated it using zinc chloride. We prepared a unit which consisted of a column packed with sand, gravel, activated biochar and vetiver roots. We passed the supernatant obtained after flocculation through this unit at flow rate 5L/hr. The effluent water was disinfected using Medichlor. Using this unit the turbidity was decreased to 0.08 NTU, pH was 6.3, TSS was nil, and TDS reduced upto 75%. The microbial load (bacteria, fungi, coliforms, Thermotolerents), MPN test was also found to be negative. The unit which we have prepared was ecofriendly and economically affordable. This treatment system can be used in the new constructions, bungalows, societies etc. The treated water can be used for various purposes such as gardening, car washing, toilet flushing, road construction, irrigation etc.