bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nükleer Güç Santrallerinin Çevresel Etkileri
Authors: HAKKIOĞLU TÜYLÜOĞLU Esmagül , TÜRKAN Nureddin
Published: April 2023

Dünyamızın nüfusu arttıkça ihtiyaç duyulan enerjiye de gereksinim artmaktadır. Özellikle pandemi sonrası Ukrayna-Rusya savaşının başlamasından bu yana, zaten var olan enerji krizi, son zamanlarda daha da artmış olup birçok ülke bu ihtiyacı karşılayabilmek için nükleer enerjiye yönelmiştir. Bu nedenle ülkemizde de faaliyete geçirilmek üzere çalışmaları devam eden Nükleer Güç santralleri, çevresel etkileri son derece olumlu olduğundan nükleer enerjinin üretilmesi açısından daha çok tercih edilmektedir. Özellikle en çok nükleer enerji kullanım oranına sahip ülke olan Fransa örneğinde olduğu gibi, Nükleer Güç santrallerinin küresel ısınma için bir risk kaynağı olmaması nükleer enerjiye yönelim sürecini hızlandırmaktadır. Bununla birlikte nükleer santrallerin projelendirilmesi, tasarlanması, kurulması, işletilmesi ve sökümü esnasında çok ciddi güvenlik önlemleri alınmalıdır. Bu önlemler alınmadığında bu santrallerin insan sağlığına ve çevreye olumsuz etkileri olacaktır. Ayrıca santrallerin işletim esnasında ortaya çıkardığı radyoaktif atıklar, gerekli güvenlik önemleri alınmadığı takdirde, suya ve toprağa karışarak insan ve çevre için ciddi tehlikeler oluşturabilmektedir. Bu oluşan radyoaktif atıklar radyoaktivite seviyelerine göre; yüksek seviyeli atık, orta seviyeli atık ve düşük seviyeli atık olarak sınıflandırılırken, fiziksel hallerine göre ise; katı atıklar, sıvı atıklar ve gaz atıklar olarak sınıflandırılmaktadır. Atıkların radyoaktivite düzeylerine göre sınıflandırıldıklarında, yüksek seviyeli radyoaktif atık ile düşük seviyeli radyoaktif atıklarda alınması gereken önlemlerde de farklılık olması gerektiği anlaşılmaktadır. Fiziksel hallerine göre sınıflandırmadaki bertaraf yöntemlerinde katı atıklarda presleme yöntemi kullanılırken, sıvı atıklarda santrifüj yöntemi öncelikli olarak kullanılır. Bunun yanında sıvı atıkların katı hale dönüştürülebilmesi için de uygun yöntemler mevcuttur. Bu çalışmada, nükleer güç santral-lerde oluşan radyoaktif atıklar, atıkların bertaraf ve depolama yöntemleri, nükleer santrallerin kurulacağı alanın hangi kriterlere sahip olması gerektiği konuları, literatürde yer alan çalışmalarla birlikte derlenerek sunulmuştur.
Une histoire subjective des recherches sur les archées en France
Authors: Forterre Patrick
Published: April 2023

L’auteur décrit comment sa collaboration avec le microbiologiste Daniel Prieur, puis son installation à l’Institut Pasteur ont facilité l’émergence d’une communauté de recherche sur les archées. Il évoque les débats actuels sur LUCA, la topologie de l’arbre universel et l’origine des eucaryotes.
Les virus géants : une histoire Marseillaise
Authors: Claverie Jean-Michel , Abergel Chantal
Published: April 2023

Marseilles, Giant virus, Ameoba, Evolution, MimivirusFor twenty years, two Marseille laboratories have collaborated, then competed, in the exploration of a new field of research, that of viruses infecting amoebae, which have turned out to be giants. Stemming from the unexpected result of an initially misinterpreted experiment, this research theme, for which neither of the two laboratories was prepared, has profoundly impacted virology, right down to the very concept of a virus. Since the discovery of Mimivirus, the first giant virus, these now come in 4 distinct families. Here is a brief history of their discoveries.
The cancer genome atlas - TCGA molecular classification
Authors: MODI RAHUL DEEPAK
Published: April 2023

Conventionally, endometrial cancers have been risk-stratified as per the clinco-pathological factors. The Cancer Genome Atlas project identified four distinct molecular subtypes within endometrial cancers which further lead to the clinical validation of molecular classification by various research groups. The molecular classification has influenced the risk stratification, thereby impacting adjuvant treatment decisions and prognostication. Molecular classification has paved the precision oncology in gynaecological cancers further strengthening the ongoing advances in targeted therapies and immunotherapy. This review elaborately presents the development of a new molecular classification of endometrial cancers; its evidence-based clinical utility with a brief overview of future perspectives.
Human papillomavirus self-sampling for cervical cancer screening
Authors: OAK AMEY , SIVARANJINI K. , PATHAK RUCHI , DIKSHIT RAJESH
Published: April 2023

Screening along with treatment is the foremost tool for cervical cancer elimination in addition to vaccination strategies. At present, India lacks a comprehensive screening programme. There are huge issues in terms of feasibility, acceptability and implementation of the existing cervical screening programme in the country. Less than 2% (Urban-2.2% and Rural-1.7%) of women in India have been screened. The current strategy recommended by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare is Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) every 5 years for women aged between 30 and 65 years. A significant improvement in terms of decreasing incidence and mortality of cervical cancer has been seen in two randomized controlled trials conducted in India. However, VIA lacks sensitivity, requires extensive training to be given to the medical staff for accurate diagnosis, has substantial operator variability and has less acceptability among women when compared to the newer methods of cervical cancer screening such as human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling. HPV self-sampling is a more sensitive, accurate and more acceptable method of cervical cancer screening for women in India and abroad. It can help the existing VIA-based strategy of cervical screening by increasing participation resulting in more population being screened in the various geographical regions and populations in India. However, VIA-based screening should also be continued because of its affordability and cost-effectiveness in India where there is a significant population belonging to low socio-economic background. There are numerous evidences such as systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomised controlled trials of India and abroad that have been used as sources in this review article to come to the conclusion that HPV self-sampling is an acceptable, accurate and sensitive method that can be used as a primary screening tool in cervical cancer screening programmes globally and in India. It can also be used as an effective triage test for prioritising high-risk populations who require urgent and effective treatment for cervical pre-cancer and cancer. To conclude, HPV self-sampling should be integrated and implemented by the government and private sector in addition to VIA-based screening strategies for achieving the goal of cervical cancer elimination in India.
Cervical cytology and HPV in cervical cancer screening
Authors: BAKSHI POOJA , AGARWAL POOJAN , MANGLA GUNJAN
Published: April 2023

Cervical cancer remains a health burden in our country and is the 2nd most common cancer in Indian women. Effective screening can reduce the incidence as well as the morbidity and mortality of this disease. Cervical cytology and the more recent human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA test are the two main pillars of screening. Liquid based cytology has improved the cytological preparations and has shown certain advantages while advancements in molecular techniques for detection of high-risk HPV DNA/RNA has opened up new frontiers. These technological advancements have led to the changes in screening practices and paradigms and are evolving at a rapid pace. This article gives an overview of the screening modalities currently available, the technological advancements, recent updates of the screening guidelines and the future directions.
Tubercular aortoiliac aneurysm with challenging management
Authors: SHAH MANSI , KAKAR ATUL , GOGIA ATUL , SATWIK AMBARISH
Published: April 2023

A 38-year-old male was diagnosed with aortoiliac aneurysm while evaluating for new-onset hypertension. On further workup, the cause was identified as tubercular aortoiliac aneurysm. His aneurysm had stormy course and disseminated further while ongoing antitubercular therapy with multiple episodes of aneurysmal rupture and endovascular interventions. Management of this case was complicated with several other rarer entities, such as haemophagocytosis and thrombotic microangiopathy with disseminated intravascular coagulation resistant to steroids and plasmapheresis, within a span of few weeks. Moreover, first-line antitubercular therapy had to be regularly modified in view of emerging complications. While case reports for each individual entity exists in literature, this is the first case to the best of our knowledge where such varied complications were present in a patient of tubercular mycotic aneurysm.
Study of attitude and behaviour of healthcare professionals towards the patients in an Emergency Department during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: VAISHNAV NITESH , KUMAR BHARAT , MISRA ARUP KUMAR , GARG M. K.
Published: April 2023

Background:

COVID-19 outbreak is known to have a psychological impact on patients.

Background and Objective:

The main aim of the study was a to study the attitude and behavior of health care professionals (HCPs) in the emergency department towards chronic patients during COVID-19 pandemic and also the accessibility of healthcare system during COVID-19 period and to compare it with the pre-COVID period.

Materials and Methods:

A random sampling technique was used, and a pre-designed questionnaire named the Brief Emergency Department Patients' Satisfaction Scale was adopted to record the patient's satisfaction with the healthcare services.

Results:

The patients admitted to the emergency ward felt that the nursing and physicians' care in the emergency department was highly satisfactory in the pre-COVID period. In the COVID period, the same set of patients who got admitted felt that there was a deterioration in the behaviour and attitude of the HCPs towards them. In the COVID period, 30% of the patients felt that there was a marked deterioration in the general services in the emergency department. It was also observed in the study, that there was a marked change in the attitude and behaviour of the HCPs in the emergency department at the time of the COVID pandemic.

Conclusion:

COVID-19 has significantly changed the attitude and behaviour of HCPs. The disease has critically transformed the working environment and the approach of HCPs to treat the patients. It is imperative to employ productive strategies to care for the health of our HCP.
Evolving epidemiology and chemical analysis of urinary stones
Authors: SINGLA PARUL , MANOCHA ANJALI , BHARGAVA SEEMA , KANKRA MAMTA , SHARMA ANISHA
Published: April 2023

Background:

Renal stones are a painful urological disorder resulting from the combined influence of epidemiological, biochemical and genetic risk factors. A high recurrence risk has been reported for renal stones, and 0.6%–3.2% cases may progress to end stage renal disease. Modern lifestyle, sedentary habits and unhealthy dietary practices are primary promoters of the stone boom in this millennium.

Aims and Objectives:

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the percentage of the stone type according to chemical composition and their association with epidemiological factors like sex and age. A retrospective analysis of the chemical composition of the stone samples received was done.

Material and Methods:

Stones samples were processed by Stone Analysis Set (BIOLABO S A, France). Qualitative chemical analysis was done for calcium, phosphorus, ammonium ion, oxalate, cystine, magnesium, carbonate and uric acid.

Results:

Type of renal stone and its incidence with age and sex have been evaluated. The total number of patients reporting to the hospital with renal stones was 123. Of these, 69.11% were male and 30.89% were female, with a male to female ratio of 2.23:1. The maximum occurrence was in the third and fourth decade of life. On analysis, 72.35% of total stones comprised calcium oxalate and 23.57% of nonoxalate (phosphate, magnesium, carbonate, ammonium ion) stones, whereas uric acid was positive in 4.06%.

Conclusion:

The occurrence of renal stones according to epidemiological factors such as age and sex in our study are similar to those reported in studies from developed countries. The data on urinary stones indicate that 98% were located in the upper urinary tract. Oxalate stones represent the main form of urolithiasis, affecting males more than females. The most important cause studied for renal stone formation is metabolic disturbances, but the genetic factors associated with the occurrence and recurrence of stone and mineral homeostasis of ions in kidney of stone formers should be further evaluated.
Perlindungan Korban Kekerasan Seksual yang Mengalami Victim Blaming di Media Sosial Berdasarkan Aliran Realisme Hukum
Authors: Firmanda Hengki , Azlina Ira Ira Sinta , Septipah Indah
Published: April 2023

Tidak sedikit korban kekerasan seksual mendapatkan perilaku Victim Blaming atau penyalahan korban dari media sosial yang sangat berdampak buruk karena sekaligus mendapatkan dua kejahatan yaitu kejahatan karena kekerasan seksual yang dialami dan kejahatan atas pandangan buruk netizen terhadap dirinya. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlindungan hukum korban dan menemukan peranan realisme hukum dalam mengatasi perilaku Victim Blaming di media sosial. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis yuridis normatif yang bertumpu pada filsafat hukum. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beragam akibat yang disebabkan victim blaming dan realisme hukum berperan untuk mengontrol kepribadian manusia dalam memandang sesuatu berdasarkan gerakan sosial untuk tidak menyalahkan korban atas kejahatan yang terjadi terhadap dirinya.
Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Notaris Dalam Menghadapi Pengguna Jasa Nakal di Era Teknologi Modern
Authors: Stella Stella
Published: April 2023

Artikel ini membahas tentang notaris sebagai profesi yang memiliki kewenangan untuk membuat akta-akta. Namun, terkadang notaris ikut terseret ke dalam konflik Pengguna Jasanya, bahkan menjadi korban dari aksi Pengguna Jasa yang tidak bertanggung jawab. Dalam era teknologi modern, perlindungan hukum bagi notaris menjadi semakin penting untuk menghindari tindakan penipuan dan kejahatan oleh Pengguna Jasa nakal. Artikel ini akan membahas lebih lanjut tentang perwujudan perlindungan hukum yang tepat bagi notaris di tengah era teknologi modern. Dengan pendekatan yuridis normative diketahui bahwa tindakan pencegahan dapat dilakukan, termasuk menolak permintaan Pengguna Jasa atau melaporkan dugaan dokumen palsu. Meskipun tidak ada sanksi pidana dalam UU Jabatan Notaris, notaris masih dapat dikenai sanksi pidana jika melanggar KUHP dengan sengaja atau mengetahui dampak buruk yang mungkin terjadi. Dalam membuat akta notaris, notaris harus mempertimbangkan kebenaran formal dan hanya menggunakan dokumen yang benar. Seorang notaris harus terus mengembangkan kemampuan dan pengetahuannya, termasuk dalam memahami teknologi informasi untuk tetap eksis dan bonafid di era digitalisasi saat ini.
Risk factors and outcomes for carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae in hematological patients
Authors: KAHRAMAN Selda , TEREK ECE Gülfem , CAGİRGAN Seçkin
Published: April 2023

Background Prolonged hospitalization, prolonged neutropenia, and immunosuppressive treatments increase bloodstream infections in hematological patients. Identifying risk factors for carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia (CRKP) infection will shed light on controlling the spread of CRKP. Our retrospective study aimed to determine the clinical features, antimicrobial susceptibility, and mortality risk factors of patients who developed CRKP in patients followed up for hematological cancer in the Izmir University of Economics Haematology Department.

Material and Methods 19,170 blood-urine-sputum cultures were delivered from the patients, 1,595 (8.31%) of which presented growth. CRKP comprised 302 (1.57%) of such growth cases. The study included 72 patients with hematological malignancy who presented CRKP growth in 302 cultures obtained during the neutropenic fever period.

Results The mean age of patients was 51 (18-75 years). Acute myeloid leukemia was the most common disease (n: 26, 36.11%). As to the antibiotic sensitivity of CRKP, 44 patients (61.1%) were colistin sensitive, 28 patients (38.9%) were colistin-resistant, 47 patients (65.3%) were tigecycline sensitive/medium sensitivity, 25 patients (34.7%) were tigecycline resistant, there was no statistically significant difference between antibiotic sensitivities and survival.

Conclusions Today, early detection of CRKP colonization in high-risk hematological patients, taking rectal culture, and if the patient presents rectal colonization of CRKP or had CRKP bacteremia during prior hospitalizations, early initiation of treatment with antibiotics acting against CRKP during NPF would significantly reduce mortality.
A Case Report of Methicillin-Resistant Staph. aureus Coinfection in COVID-19 in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: AHMAD Ijaz , KHAN Ibrar , KHAN Shahab Ahmad , KHAN Hayat
Published: April 2023

Bacterial co-infections in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia are not very common as the prevalence of co-infections with other respiratory viruses. The rate of bacterial co-infection in hospitalized patients infected with influenza is higher than 30%, whereas it is lower than 4% in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2. Respiratory viral infections associated with bacterial co-infection have higher mortality and morbidity rates. The literature shows that most SARS-CoV-2 patients admitted to the hospital do not necessarily screen for bacterial infections and antimicrobial susceptibility. Therefore, clinicians' misdiagnosis of these co-infections can pose a significant risk to the lives of vulnerable patients with COVID-19. In that light, we presented a complicated case of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Renal Involvement and Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19 Infection in A Tertiary Hospital
Authors: K.S. Sahana , BH PAİ Santhosh , GEORGE Rony
Published: April 2023

Background Kidney involvement is seen frequently in COVID-19 patients and is essential to the prognosis. This study is undertaken to describe the clinical presentation of renal involvement in COVID-19 patients concerning acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and urinary abnormalities and to correlate with the severity of COVID-19 illness and its outcome.

Material and Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study reviewed the medical records of patients admitted with COVID-19 infection who had pre-existing renal conditions or renal manifestations in the form of deranged renal function tests or abnormal urinary findings. All the relevant clinical and laboratory parameters, including the treatment details and outcome, were noted, and statistical analysis was done.

Results A total of 72 out of 1,544 patients satisfied the inclusion criteria. Hypertension (72%) and Diabetes (62%) were the commonest co-morbidities noted. CKD was seen in 51 (70%) patients, and 21 patients (29%) were on maintenance dialysis. 39 (76%) patients with CKD were diagnosed with severe COVID-19, 25 (49%) of the patients developed acute worsening of CKD, and 45% had mortality. AKI was seen in 19 patients (26%). Urinary abnormality was seen in 34 (47%) patients, out of which 27 (37%) had proteinuria of more than 1+. Haematuria was seen in 27 (37.5%) patients, of which 12(17%) had gross haematuria. Dialysis was required in 24 patients (33%) additionally. Mechanical ventilation was required in 32(44%) patients, and inotropes in 41(56%). 21 (29%) patients developed acute respiratory distress syndrome, 39 (54%) had sepsis, with six patients developing multiorgan dysfunction syndrome. 62.5% of patients had mortality. The presence of other comorbid conditions, thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy, abnormality in arterial blood gases, and usage of inotropes were found to be significantly associated with adverse outcomes.

Conclusions Most cases had severe renal system involvement, with an AKI prevalence rate of 1.2% and a case-specific mortality rate of 62.5%.
What is the main reason of erectile dysfunction in lymphoma patients: Chemotherapy or Depression?
Authors: YALÇIN Cumali , ERDOĞAN Aslan , YILMAZ Güven
Published: April 2023

Background Erectile dysfunction (ED) may be associated with chemotherapy and depression in lymphoma patients. The role of depression in developing ED in lymphoma patients may be more critical than chemotherapy. This study aimed to determine which plays a more important role in ED.

Material and Methods This study included 20 patients aged under 60 years who were admitted to the Hematology Outpatient Clinic between March 2015 and March 2016 and diagnosed with lymphoma. While the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to assess depression severity before (T1), during (T2) and after (T3) chemotherapy, the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) was used to assess sexual function. The Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used for statistical analysis. A p-value of
Use of dapsone in chronic/refractory immune thrombocytopenic patients: A single center experience
Authors: CANDAR Ömer , OZKOCAMAN Vildan , ERSAL Tuba , ZOR TURNA Tuğçe , PINAR İbrahim Ethem , YALÇIN Cumali , ORHAN Bedrettin , ÇUBUKÇU Sinem , GÜLLÜ KOCA Tuba , ALİ Rıdvan , ÖZKALEMKAŞ Fahir
Published: April 2023

Background: Dapsone is a second-line therapy for immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). It is cost-effective, with a response rate comparable to other drugs used as second-line therapy, such as azathioprine, danazol, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine, vincristine, rituximab, and eltrombopag.

Material and Methods: This retrospective study analyzed ten adult patients who presented to our hematology division outpatient clinic between March 2013 and July 2021, was diagnosed with chronic/refractory ITP, did not respond to first-line therapy, and used dapsone.

Results: Eight (80%) patients were female, and 2 (20%) were male. The median age was 50 (range, 24-64) years. The mean pre-treatment platelet value was 12.8x109/L (range: 4-22.1x109/L). The median duration of symptoms before dapsone treatment was 60 (6-360) months. The median number of treatments received before dapsone was 4 (range: 3-6). All patients were routinely treated with oral dapsone 50 mg for two weeks, followed by 100 mg. The median time to treatment response was 39 (range: 14-90) days. The response rate was 60% (complete response 40%, partial response 20%). Asymptomatic anemia was observed as a side effect in only one patient.

Conclusions: Based on these results, it can be speculated that dapsone is an effective, inexpensive, and well tolerated

treatment option. Considering the economic status of developing countries, it seems very attractive

to use dapsone as the second-line therapy for chronic/refractory ITP. To the best of our knowledge, this is the

first study in Turkey on the use of dapsone for chronic/refractory ITP.
Subcutaneous and Intravenous Cladribine Treatment of Hairy Cell Leukemia Patients: Do We Still Need Intravenous Cladribine?
Authors: ERSAL Tuba , ÖZKALEMKAŞ Fahir , OZKOCAMAN Vildan , PINAR İbrahim Ethem , YALÇIN Cumali , ORHAN Bedrettin , CANDAR Ömer , ÇUBUKÇU Sinem , GÜLLÜ KOCA Tuba , ALİ Rıdvan
Published: April 2023

Background Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is an uncommon neoplasm representing approximately 2% leukemias and
The Activity of Notika Leaves (Archboldiodendron calosericeum KOBUSKI) Against Tumors Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-) Levels in Rats
Authors: Nuralifah Nuralifah , Parawansah Parawansah , Malik Fadhliyah , Yulianti Nining
Published: April 2023

Inflammation is a response process to tissue injury and infection. The inflammatory response causes the release of pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α which are the main cytokines in the acute inflammatory response. Plants that have the potential to be anti-inflammatory are notika leaves (Archboldiodendron calosericeum KOBUSKI). This research was conducted to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanol extract of notika leaves against the levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-a) in wistar mice. This study used a post test only control group design. Using 5 treatment groups, namely positive control (diclofenac sodium), negative control (NaCMC 0.5%), 100 mg/kgBW extract test group, 200 mg/kgBW extract group and 300 mg/kgBW extract group. In vivo tests were carried out by induction of inflammatory substances, administering preparations and measuring TNF-α levels using the ELISA method. Data were analyzed using the One Way ANOVA test. The results showed that the mean levels of TNF-α in the positive control group (0.475 ng/L), negative control (0.816 ng/L), extract dose 100 mg/kgBW (0.67 ng/L), extract dose 200 mg/kgBW (0.7285 ng/L) and extract dosage of 300 mg/kgBW (0.7785 ng/L). The conclusion obtained is that the ethanol extract of notika leaves has anti-inflammatory activity against the levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-a) in Wistar rats based on the reduction in levels with negative control and the best dose was 100 mg/kgBW.
Risk Factors for Acute Respiratory Infection in Toddlers : A Case Control Study
Authors: Asmin Elpira , Juanita Mira , Tentua Vebiyanti
Published: April 2023

Background: Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is a disease that attacks the upper and lower respiratory tract caused by bacteria and viruses. ARI is one of the causes of high morbidity and mortality in under-fives. Purpose(s): This study aims to determine the relationship between toddler age, immunization status, smoking habits of family members, mother's knowledge, and residential density to the incidence of ARI in the working area of the Namlea Health Center in 2021 Methods: This study is a research study quantitative analysis using a case control research design. The sample in the case group was taken using the simple random sampling method and the control group was taken using the accidental sampling method. Results: the age of toddlers who were 36 months (55.2%), incomplete immunization status (46.9%), smoking habits of family members (68.8%), low maternal knowledge (30.2%), and density of bedroom occupancy (60.4%). The results of the chi-square test showed that the p-values for each variable were age (p = 0.035), immunization status (p = 0.017), room occupancy density (p = 0.022), mother's knowledge (p = 0.046), and smoking habits. family members (p = 0.036). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between age, immunization status, room occupancy density, mother's knowledge, and smoking habits of family members with the incidence of ARI in children under five in the working area of the Namlea Health Center in 2021.
Correlation between Chest Radiograph and Lung Ultrasound with Clinical Appearance in Hyaline Membrane Disease Patients
Authors: Zerbarani Wa Ode , Asriani Sri , Muis Mirna , Alasir Ema
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT Background: Hyaline membrane disease (HMD) is a respiratory distress disease in premature infants due to surfactant deficiency. The combination of clinical, laboratory and radiological features makes it easy to quickly, precisely & accurately establish HMD which is important for early therapy in preventing death. Purpose: Knowing the suitability between chest X-ray & Thorax ultrasound with the clinical picture in HMD patients. Methods: This study is an observational study with a cross sectional method conducted in the radiology & NICU section of Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar from August 2021 to January  2022.  Sampling  was  done  by  consecutive  sampling.  The  researcher  performed  a  thorax ultrasound & assessed the chest x-ray. The results were verified by two pediatric radiology consultants. Results: The largest sample was in neonates at 34 weeks of gestation, 8 samples (21.1%), sex with 25 samples (65.8%), the highest birth weight between 1000-2000 grams 32 samples (84.2%) , the most preterm etiology was due to severe preeclampsia in 13 samples (34.2%), the most deliveries were by cesarean section 34 samples (89.4%), the highest APGAR Score was in moderate degree 25 samples (65.8%), the highest O2 saturation was between 90 -94%, namely 24 samples (63.2%), the most down scores were moderate degrees 15 samples (39.5%), HMD degrees based on chest radiographs were mostly grade II 25 samples (65.8%), HMD degrees based on thorax ultrasound the most in the moderate degree 19 samples (50%).Conclusion: Ultrasound is considered as the radiological modality of choice because it is safe, inexpensive, easy & sensitive to assess respiratory distress in neonates but is influenced by the operator's ability to apply it.Keywords: hyaline membrane disease, down score, chest radiograph, lung ultrasound
Evaluasi Pengelolaan Obat di Instalasi Farmasi Rumah Sakit Angkatan Darat dr. R. Ismoyo Kendari Tahun 2018
Authors: Sabarudin Sabarudin , Ihsan Sunandar , Nirmala Fifi , Tendri Adjeng Andi Nafisah , Dzulhijjah Dzulhijjah
Published: April 2023

ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Pengelolaan obat merupakan salah satu segi manajemen rumah sakit yang sangat penting dalam penyediaan pelayanan kesehatan secara paripurna. Ketidakefisienan dalam pengelolaan obat akan memberi dampak negatif bagi rumah sakit, baik secara medik, sosial maupun secara ekonomi. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan evaluasi pengelolaan obat di Instalasi Farmasi Rumah Sakit Angkatan Darat dr. R. Ismoyo Kendari Tahun 2018 yang meliputi tahap seleksi, perencanaan, pengadaan, penyimpanan, distribusi dan penggunaan. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif non eksperimental dengan pengambilan data secara retrospektif dan concurent menggunakan metode randomized sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah lembar observasi dan panduan wawancara. Lembar observasi digunakan untuk mendokumentasikan data yang diperoleh terkait data pengelolaan obat sedangkan panduan wawancara digunakan untuk mendukung data observasi yang diperoleh melalui lembar observasi. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kesesuaian item obat yang tersedia dengan DOEN sebesar 59,06%, presentase jumlah item obat yang direncanakan dan yang diadakan sebesar 100%, presentase kesalahan faktur sebesar 3,22%, frekuensi tertundanya pembayaran faktur 0%, ketepatan data jumlah obat pada kartu stok 100%, presentase stok mati sebesar 1,64%, nilai Turn Over Ratio (TOR) adalah 4,85 kali, presentase peresepan dengan nama generik sebesar 90,5% dan presentase peresepan antibiotik sebesar 20,83%. Simpulan: Pengelolaan obat di Instalasi Farmasi Rumah Sakit Angkatan Darat dr. R. Ismoyo Kendari Tahun 2018 pada tahap perencanaan dan tahap penggunaan sudah efisien, sedangkan tahap seleksi, pengadaan, penyimpanan dan  tahap distribusi belum efisien.Kata Kunci: Pengelolaan Obat, Instalasi Farmasi, RSAD dr. R. Ismoyo
Perbandingan Skor Insersi LMA antara Pemberian Petidin-propofol dan Fentanil-propofol Intravena
Authors: Ali Agussalim , Gaus Syafruddin , Ahmad Muhammad Ramli
Published: April 2023

ABSTRAKLatar Belakang Pemberian adjuvan seperti opioid, lidokain, midazolam dan pelumpuh otot dosis kecil bersama propofol mampu meningkatkan keberhasilan insersi LMA. Petidin adalah opioid yang memiliki aktivitas seperti anestetik lokal dengan harga relatif murah dibanding opioid lain.  Tujuan penelitian Membandingkan skor insersi LMA antara antara pemberian petidin-propofol intravena dengan fentanil-propofol intravena.Metode Lima puluh empat pasien ASA PS 1 dan 2 dengan rentang umur 17-60 tahun, BMI 18,5-30 kg/m2 dan mallampati I-II yang direncanakan operasi elektif dengan prosedur GA-LMA diacak kedalam 2 grup dengan menggunakan desain acak tersamar ganda. Grup P mendapatkan petidin 1 mg/kgBB 10 menit sebelum induksi dan grup F mendapatkan fentanil 1 µg/kgBB 3 menit sebelum induksi. Induksi menggunakan propofol 2 mg/kgBB selama 60 detik. Ventilasi dengan oksigen 100% melalui sungkup muka selama 60 detik dilakukan setelah refleks bulu mata hilang, selanjutnya dilakukan insersi LMA dan penilaian skor insersi LMA berdasarkan Lund & Stovener (gerakan anggota tubuh, laringospasme, menelan, batuk dan tersedak).Hasil Skor insersi LMA sangat memuaskan pada kelompok P lebih kecil dibandingkan kelompok F (29,6% vs 48,1%), namun tidak bermakna setelah uji statistik Chi-Square (p=0,264).Simpulan Skor insersi LMA dengan pemberian petidin-propofol intravena samabaiknya dengan pemberian fentanil-propofol intravena.Kata kunci :laryngeal mask airway, fentanyl, petidin, , propofol,
Efek Pemberian Vitamin E Pada Tikus Sprague Dawley yang Mendapat Etanol Terhadap Kadar Malondialdehyde Testis
Authors: Asfiah Udu Waode Sitti
Published: April 2023

ABSTRAKLatar   Belakang:  Etanol  dapat   menyebabkan   gangguan   produksi   testosteron   intratestikular   dan infertilitas.  Etanol  memicu  terjadinya  stres  oksidatif  yang  diakibatkan  oleh  meningkatnya  Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) sehingga memicu terjadinya peroksidasi lipid yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan sel.  Malondialdehyde  (MDA)  merupakan  produk  akhir  peroksidasi  lipid,  yang  biasanya  digunakan sebagai  biomarker  biologis  peroksidasi  lipid  dan  menggambarkan  derajat  stres  oksidatif.  Vitamin  E adalah vitamin larut lemak yang berperan sebagai antioksidan yang melindungi membran seluler terhadap kerusakan oksidatif. Tujuan: Untuk membuktikan adanya efek pemberian vitamin E terhadap stres oksidatif akibat pemberian etanol yang ditunjukkan dengan kadar MDA testis. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental murni dengan rancangan Post-test only control group design. Sebanyak 12 ekor tikus Sprague Dawley dibagi dalam 4 kelompok perlakuan. Kelompok 1 mendapat aquades  1  mL/hari,  kelompok  2  mendapat  minyak  biji  bunga  matahari  0,1  mL/hari,  kelompok  3 mendapat etanol 30%   7 mL/kgBB/hari, dan kelompok 4 mendapat etanol 30% 7 mL/kgBB/hari dan pemberian vitamin E 120 IU/kgBB/hari. Pemberian perlakuan dilakukan secara oral selama 30 hari. Pemeriksaan kadar MDA testis dengan metode TBARS dengan spektrofotometer sehari setelah perlakuan terakhir. Hasil: Rerata kadar MDA testis pada tikus yang mendapat etanol (5,8325 nmol/g) lebih tinggi daripada kelompok tikus yang mendapat etanol dan vitamin E 120 IU/kgBB (2,6775 nmol/g).Simpulan: Efek Pemberian vitamin E pada tikus yang mendapat etanol menunjukkan kadar MDA testis yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan tikus yang hanya mendapat etanol. Kata Kunci : Etanol, vitamin E, MDA testis
Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Tentang Hipertensi Dengan Keaktifan Mengikuti Senam Prolanis Pada Penderita Hipertensi Diwilayah Kerja Puskesmas Mekar Kota Kendari
Authors: Jana Nur , Eso Amiruddin , Jamaluddin Jamaluddin
Published: April 2023

ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Pengetahuan memengaruhi keaktifan dalam mengikuti kegiatan senam. Kurangnya pengetahuan akan memengaruhi pasien untuk dapat mengatasi pencegahan agar tidak terjadi komplikasi. Keaktifan mengikuti kegiatan senam dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan, motivasi dan dukungan keluarga. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara tingkat pengetauan tentang hipertensi dengan keaktifan mengikuti senam prolanis pada penderita hipertensi di Wilayah kerja Puskesmas Mekar. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional melalui pendekatan cross sectional. Penelitian ini berlokasi di Puskesmas Mekar kota Kendari, Populasi adalah keseluruhan peserta prolanis sebanyak 53 orang dan Jumlah sampel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi yaitu 41 orang. Teknik pengumpulan sampel menggunakan total sampling. Alat ukur yang digunakan yaitu kuisioner pengetahuan tentang hipertensi dan rekapan absensi senam. Analisis data menggunakan uji spearman rank dengan nilai kemaknaan p<0,05. Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan hasil analisis univariat tentang pengetahuan hipertensi menunjukkan baik 15 (36,6%), cukup 24 (58,5%) kurang 2 (4,9%), responden yang mengikuti kegiatan senam dengan kategori aktif sebanyak 19 orang (46,3%) dan tidak aktif 22orang (53,7%). Analisis bivariat spearman rho’ diperoleh nilai p sebesar 0,002. Simpulan: Pengetahuan memengaruhi keaktifan dalam mengikuti senam prolanis.Kata Kunci: Hipertensi, Keaktifan, Pengetahuan, Senam
Hubungan Pola Makan Terhadap Kejadian Kekurangan Energi Kronik Pada Ibu Hamil Trimester I Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kassi-Kassi Kota Makassar
Authors: Ikhtirami A. , Rahma Andi Sitti , Tihardimanto Andi
Published: April 2023

ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Kurang energi kronik (KEK) merupakan keadaan saat ibu mengalami kekurangan makanan yang berlangsung lama (kronis) sehingga menimbulkan gangguan kesehatan bagi ibu yang ditandai dengan badan lemah, wajah menjadi pucat, dan lingkar lengan atas (LILA) ≤ 23 cm (Kementerian Kesehatan RI, 2013). Tujuan : Pada penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan pola makan terhadap kejadian kekurangan energi kronik pada ibu hamil trimester I di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kassi-Kassi Kota Makassar. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian case control dengan pendekatan kuantitatif melalui pengambilan sampel secara total sampling dengan 24 responden, kemudian mengisi lembar kuesioner Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) untuk melihat pola makan responden (jumlah, jenis, frekuensi makan). Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini berdasarkan hasil uji chi square pada jumlah makan diperoleh nilai p value = 0,667 > nilai α = 0,05, kemudian pada jenis makan diperoleh nilai p value = 0,155 > nilai α = 0,05 dan frekuensi makan diperoleh nilai p value = 0,667 > nilai α = 0,05, yang artinya tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pola makan dengan kejadian KEK pada ibu hamil trimester I. Kesimpulan: Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini ialah tidak terdapat hubungan antara jumlah makan dengan kejadian KEK pada ibu hamil trimester I, kemudian tidak terdapat hubungan antara jenis makan dengan kejadian KEK pada ibu hamil trimester I dan tidak terdapat hubungan antara frekuensi makan dengan kejadian KEK pada ibu hamil trimester I.Kata Kunci : Food Frequency Questionnaire, Ibu Hamil Trimester I, KEK, Pola Makan.
Uji Sensitivitas Dan Spesifisitas Rasio Neutrofil Limfosit Terhadap Skor Sequential Organ Failure Assesment Dalam Diagnosis Awal Sepsis Di Rumah Sakit
Authors: Ali Agussalim , Irawati Irawati
Published: April 2023

ABSTRAK Latar  Belakang.  Sepsis  merupakan  sindroma  penyakit  yang  disebabkan  karena  infeksi  dan merupakan penyakit yang mempunyai dampak terhadap morbiditas maupun mortalitas yang tinggi. Keadaan disfungsi organ yang mengancam jiwa pada sepsis disebabkan oleh disregulasi respons imun akibat infeksi. Identifikasi keadaan sepsis dini dan penatalaksanaan yang cepat dapat memperbaiki prognosis pasien. Rasio Neutrofil Limfosit (RNL) dapat digunakan sebagai penanda inflamasi yang sederhana, cepat, dan hemat. Jumlah neutrofil dan limfosit dapat diketahui melalui pemeriksaan yang rutin  dilakukan  di  Rumah  Sakit  yaitu  pemeriksaan  hitung  jenis  leukosit  dan  jumlah  leukosit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sensitivitas dan spesifisitas RNL terhadap skor Sequential Ogan Failure Assesment (SOFA) dalam diagnosis awal sepsis di Rumah Sakit Umum Bahteramas Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Metode. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional deskriptif dengan rancangan  cross-sectional.   Lokasi  penelitian  di  Ruang  Rekam  Medik  Rumah  Sakit   UmumBahteramas. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 72 sampel. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan data rekam medik yang  diambil  menggunakan  teknik  purposive  sampling,  lalu  dianalisis  menggunakan  analisis univariat. Hasil. Hasil analisis univariat menunjukkan bahwa dari 72 sampel didapatkan hasil nilai RNL yang positif yaitu ≥5 pada 47 pasien (65.3%), nilai sensitivitas RNL terhadap skor SOFA dalam diagnosis awal sepsis adalah 75% dan  nilai spesifisitas RNL terhadap skor SOFA dalam diagnosis awal sepsis adalah 44.44%.  Simpulan. Berdasarkan penelitian ini nilai RNL yang positif didapatkan pada 65.3% dari total sampel penelitian. Nilai sensitivitas dan spesifisitas RNL terhadap skor SOFA dalam diagnosis awal sepsis adalah 75% dan  44.44% di Rumah Sakit Umum Bahteramas Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara.Kata Kunci. Sepsis, RNL
Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Memengaruhi Tingkat Kecemasan Tenaga Kesehatan Dalam Pelayanan pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19 di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Tidore Kepulauan
Authors: Syafri Pranita Aritrina , Damhar Nurhasanah , Eddy Nur
Published: April 2023

ABSTRAKLatar Belakang. Tenaga kesehatan merupakan kelompok yang sangat rentan terinfeksi COVID-19karena  berada  digarda  terdepan  penanganan  kasus       COVID-19  sehingga  sangat  memungkinkan mengalami kecemasan karena disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor seperti usia, ketersediaan APD dan pengetahuan. Tujuan umum pada penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi tingkat kecemasan tenaga kesehatan dalam pelayanan pada masa pandemi COVID-19 di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Tidore Kepulauan. Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analitik obsevasional dengan rancangan cross-sectional di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Tidore Kepulauan pada bulan Desember 2020. Penentuan teknik pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan Purposive Sampling  dengan jumlah sampel 165 reponden.  Uji pearson  chi-square dilakukan untuk menilai hubungan antara kecemasan dan usia, status keluarga, ketersediaan Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) dan pengetahuan.  Hasil. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh yang signifikan pada usia (p=0.035); ketersediaan alat pelindung diri (p=0.006); pengetahuan (p=0.002) terhadap  tingkat  kecemasan   dan  tidak  ada  pengaruh  yang  signifikan  pada  status  berkeluarga (p=0,064)  terhadap  tingkat  kecemasan  tenaga  kesehatan                                               dalam  pelayanan  pada  masa  pandemi COVID-19 di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Tidore Kepulauan.   Kesimpulan. Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara usia, ketersediaan alat pelindung diri dan pengetahuan terhadap tingkat kecemasan tenaga kesehatan di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Tidore Kepualauan.Kata Kunci : COVID-19, Pandemi, Tenaga kesehatan, Tingkat kecemasan.
Characteristic Test and Antihyperuricemia Activity of Ethanol Extract Stem of Etlingera rubroloba A.D Poulsen In vitro
Authors: Jabbar Asriullah , Sahidin Idin , Triaqilah Khansa Rafida , Mubarak Mubarak , Yusuf Muhammad Ilyas
Published: April 2023

Background: Etlingera rubroloba (E. rubroloba) A.D Poulsen is one of the endemic plants of Southeast Sulawesi, which has the largest species in the world. Local people widely use this plant as traditional medicine. Many of these plant species have been previously reported as antioxidants, antibacterials, and others. However, for E. rubroloba, there are still very few reports from a pharmacological aspect, especially anthiperuricemia. Objective: This study was conducted to determine the characteristics and activity of the ethanol extract of the stem of E. rubroloba A.D Poulsen in vitro. Methods: The stems of E. rubroloba A.D Poulsen were extracted with ethanol solvent by maceration, then the filtrate obtained was evaporated using an evaporator to get an ethanol extract. Furthermore, the extract characterization test was carried out, including water content, ash content, water-soluble extract content, and ethanol-soluble extract content. Then the antihyperuricemia activity test in vitro using the Xanthine Oxidase (XO) kit. Results: The results of the characteristic test showed that the ethanolic extract of E. rubroloba contained 5.15% water content, 5.485% ash content, 55.2% water-soluble extract content, and 56.52% ethanol-soluble extract content. Furthermore, the antihyperuricemic activity of the ethanol extract of E. rubroloba was IC50 48.59 ± 0.03 g/mL and Allopurinol 42.21 ± 0.02 g/mL as positive controls. Conclusion: E. rubroloba stem ethanol extract has characterization results according to the literature, has antihyperuricemia activity, and is a reference for the development of traditional drugs
Antioxidant Potential of Organic Fraction of Turi Leaf Extract (Sesbania grandiflora L.) Using DPPH Reagent
Authors: Musnina Wa Ode Sitti , Wulaisfan Randa , Akhyar Jumriana , Yuyun Yonelian
Published: April 2023

Background: White turi leaf (Sesbania grandiflora) is a plant from the Leguminosae family that isused as traditional medicine. Purpose(s): To determine the antioxidant potential of white turi leafextract (Sesbania grandiflora L) using DPPH reagent. Methods: White turi leaves (S. grandiflora)were extracted using maceration technique with ethanol the solvent. The ethanol extract wasfractionated using a liquid-liquid extraction using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. In addition,phytochemical screening was also carried out on secundary metabolite compounds contained in theethanol extract, it’s organic fractions. Results: Ethanol extract obtained as much as 160 g (16%).Fractionation of 10 grams of ethanol extract obtained n-hexane fraction 2.9 g (29%); ethyl acetatefraction 0.8 g (8%); and ethanol fraction 6.1 g (61%). Phytochemical screening showed that theethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction contained flavonoids, saponins, and tannins; the ethanolfraction contains terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins; while the n-hexane fraction containstannin compounds. The antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction, and ethanolfraction were tested using the DPPH radical scavenging method. The antioxidant activity assayshowed that the SC50 values of the ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction, and ethanol fraction were234.7; 66,244, and 106.755 ppm, vitamin C as a positif control with SC50 3,006 ppm. Conclusion:white turi leaf extract (S. grandiflora) has antioxidant activity less than 22-78 times than controlpositif, so it is not potential as an antioxidant.
Analysis of Risk Factor Hypoalbuminemia on the Incidence of Hyponatremia in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Asfiah Udu Waode Sitti
Published: April 2023

Background: Nephrotic syndrome is a clinical condition characterized by massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema and may be accompanied by hypercholesterolemia. Proteinuria in childhood nephrotic syndrome is mainly in the form of albuminuria. In nephrotic syndrome, electrolyte balance disorders can occur in the form of hyponatremia which can cause complications from asymptomatic clinical manifestations to death. Currently, there are not many studies on hyponatremia in nephrotic syndrome. Objective: To determined hypoalbumin as a risk factor for hyponatremia in children with nephrotic syndrome. Methods: This research was an analytic observational study using a case control design. The subjects consisted of 80 children diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome at the Children's Health Installation at the Dr. Sardjito in Yogyakarta. The data collected included serum albumin levels and sodium levels. Statistical test using Odds Ratio (OR). .Results: The results showed that hypoalbumin (p = 0.000 ; OR 13,5; 95% CI 3,395 – 53,68) was a risk factor for the incidence of hyponatremia in children with nephrotic syndrome at the Children's Health Unit, Dr. Sardjito General Hospital in Yogyakarta. Conclusion: Hypoalbumin is a risk factor for hyponatremia in children with nephrotic syndrome
Politikunterricht in den Klassen 5 bis 7
Authors: Studtmann Katharina
Published: April 2023

Wie kann die allererste Begegnung junger Menschen mit dem Schulfach Politik erfolgreich gelingen? Wie können Schüler:innen der Jahrgangsstufen 5 bis 7 zu politischem Denken, Urteilen und Handeln motiviert und befähigt werden? Auf diese Fragen bietet das vorliegende Buch mit seiner Einführung in die Planung des Anfangspolitikunterrichts eine fachdidaktisch fundierte Antwort. Dabei richtet es sich gerade an Leser:innen, die bisher mit der Planung von Politikunterricht wenig Erfahrung haben. Das Buch führt schrittweise und mit vielfältigen unterrichtspraktischen sowie methodischen Hinweisen an die Planung eines abwechslungsreichen, lebenswelt- und handlungsorientierten Politikunterrichts heran.