bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Adsorption of Pentachlorophenol (PCP) on Aerobic Granules
Authors: Lan Hui Xia , Liu Xiao Feng , Chen Rui , Zhang Heng
Published: November 2012

the adsorption of PCP using aerobic granules was studied. The static adsorption experiments were carried out and the Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms were applied to describe the biosorption processes and the isotherm constants were evaluated. The Freundlich and Langmuir isothermy adsorption equations obtained from the static experients were q=2.04ce0.82 and q=3.47ce /(1+0.56 ce), respectively. Both the adsorption isotherms described the static adsorption behavior of PCP well. Then the Freundlich adsorption isotherm was used to estimate the adsorption of PCP by aerobic granules in the dynamic state. The results showed that the adsorption mainly occurred in the initial periods during the operation of the reactor.
Study on the Rehabilitation of Eutrophic Water by Bacillus–Matrix–Plant Integrated System
Authors: Lu Xian Zhi , Hao Jian Chao , Liu Hui Fen , Tian Xiu Ping
Published: November 2012

Abstract. Caisson, which is composed of box, matrix and plant, plays an important role in the removal of SRP (solubility reaction phosphorus), NH4+-N and CODCr in eutrophic water. Bacillus can improve water quality effectively. Bacillus and caisson combination can further improve purification efficiency of wastewater. In this study, bacillus was added to the caisson to purify the aquaculture ponds water and removal efficiency of SRP, NH4+-N, CODCr was analyzed. The results showed that bacillus adding proportion had bigger effects on the removal rate of SRP than those of the matrix material and plant collocation, while, the matrix material had more removal efficiency on NH4+-N and CODCr than the bacillus adding proportion and plant collocation. The removal rates of SRP, NH4+-N and CODCr in the wastewater treated with 1‰ and1.5‰ bacillus were significantly higher than 0.5‰, but no significant difference was observed between1‰ and 5‰ bacillus treatments; among the three matrices of limestone, ceramsite and medical stone, the removal rate of SRP was highest in the treatment with medical stone, while the removal rates of NH4+-N and CODCr was highest in the treatment with ceramsite; there were significant differences in the removal rates of SRP, NH4+-N and CODCr between different plant configurations. The removal rate of SRP was up to 80.73% by the combination of bacillus (1‰), limestone, Cyperus alternifolius and Iris pseudacorus; the removal rates of NH4+-N and CODCr were 63.63% and 63.45% by the combination of bacillus (1.5‰), ceramsite, Ceratophyllum demersum and Iris pseudacorus respectively.
The Adsorption and Desorption Characteristics of a Novel Sorbent in Groundwater Remediation: Modified Oil Sludge
Authors: Li Yue Hua , Liu Yu Long , Deng Hao , Zhang Suo Lei
Published: November 2012

The modified oil sludge (MOS) was a novel sorbent in groundwater remediation, and it has a carbon content of 37-50% and a huge adsorption capacity after its pyrolytic treatment. This study highlights the adsorption potential of MOS to remove organic contaminants in groundwater. Batch-type experiments about the adsorption and desorption characteristics of MOS to MTBE, TCE and benzene were conducted. Results showed that the adsorption removal rate of TCE and benzene were up to 99%, and was lower for MTBE (88-93%) due to its high water solubility, but the maximum adsorption capacity of MOS to MTBE was still larger (14.3-33.3 mg/g). The desorption quantities of TCE and benzene was 0.4% and 1%, respectively; but was larger for MTBE (10%), and similar trend was also found for the desorption hysteresis coefficient.
Emergy Evaluation of Pollutants Emission in Coal Mine: A Case Study of DaLiuTa Mine in Northern Shaanxi Province, China.
Authors: Zhang Jun , Xiao Bo , Du Hong Xia , Wang Li , Ge Bi Zhou , Shi Hui
Published: November 2012

Based on emergy theory and calculation methods of emergy values, the environmental support due to pollutants emission was estimated in the DaLiuTa coal mine located in the northern China. The negative effects of waste emission were analyzed from changes of production scale in the mine ecosystem. Moreover, the impacts on environment and potential effects on human health caused by pollutants emission from coal mining wastes were assessed using an index of disability adjusted life years (DALYs) in emergy unit so that sustainability of the mining ecological systems was evaluated on a uniform standard.
A Research into the Distribution Characteristics & Natural Existing Condition of the Mercury in the Coal of Huainan City
Authors: Ge Tao
Published: November 2012

The mercury content in the raw coal is one of the important basic data to estimate the mercury emission of the coal. The outcome of the test and analysis of the mercury content in the raw coal of the 9 mines in Huainan Coalfield has shown that the mercury content in the coal samples of Huainan, although higher than that in the coal of the United States，Russia，Germany，Australia，etc., is within the normal range, with no major differences from that of the coal in North China region. With a research into the content change of the mercury in the coal in the process of washing and in combination with the relevant analysis result of the relation between the mercury in the coal and sulfur, ash content, selenium, we have inferred that the mercury in the coal of Huainan is existing naturally in the minerals, but has come into combination with organic matter in some way or scattered in the organic groups in the form of particles.
Research of Effect of Groundwater Table Fluctuation on Migration Law of Cadmium
Authors: Li Xiang , Bai Shun Guo , Xi Bei Dou , Yuan Zhi Ye , Wang Yue Ying
Published: November 2012

In this paper, we conduct the soil-column experiment on underground soil in a laboratory of Changping, Beijing, to simulate the effect of water table fluctuation on the cadmium migration law after twice pollution. The main job of the experience is to test the adsorption and desorption characteristics of the soil as well as the temporal and spatial distribution of cadmium ions in soil column. The experimental data show that (1) the two kinds of soil used in the test both have a strong adsorption capacity to cadmium ions, and the values could reach to 1026mg/kg and 2804mg/kg. (2) The dominant factor on cadmium ions migration under water table fluctuation is the soil adsorption when a small amount of cadmium ions are poured into soil column. On the other hand, convection plays a significant role in migration when plenty of cadmium ions are injected. (3) When plenty of cadmium nitrate are injected, the concentrations of cadmium ions in fluctuating zone increase with water table rise, and decrease with water table decline. The concentrations of cadmium ions, which exist in the saturated zone decrease when the water table rises and increase with water table decline.
Application of Total Amount Control Optimization Model on Regional Atmospheric Pollutants Based on the Total Amount Control Evaluation Index System (The Evaluation Indicator Layer)
Authors: Wen Jing Ya , Hu Yan , Hui Chun , Li Zhuang , Li Yu
Published: November 2012

According to the indicator layer of the total amount control evaluation index system, this paper applied the management policy about the total control of regional atmospheric pollution to set up an optimization model for total amount control of regional atmospheric pollutants and get the minimum total cost of emission reduction. Through the model results, the total cost of reduction in instance case was 124.61 (108 yuan), and the membership of SO2 and NOX predicted through the model were 32.34 and 24.13 (104 tons), respectively. This model could be used as the technique and theory guider for the total amount control of atmospheric pollutants, to achieve the goals of the "12th Five-Year Plan" environmental protection requirement more effectively.
The Influence of Temperature on the Content of Liver Glycogen and Muscle Glycogen in Sparrow
Authors: Xu Xing Jun , Shao Shu Li , Zhang Wei Wei , Wang Wei Yu , Li Xu Yan , Liu Jin Song , Lv Jian Wei , Li Tie , Li Huai Yong , Yu Tian Fei , Wang Zi Qiang
Published: November 2012

The sparrows for experimental materials were divided into 5 °C acclimation group, 30 °C acclimation group and control group. The content of liver glycogen and muscle glycogen were measured with sulfuric acid-anthrone colorimetric method after two weeks of acclimation. The results show that: When the temperature is 5 °C, the glycogen content was very significantly lower than the glycogen content of control group (p0.05); The change in glycogen content was extremely significant between the two temperature (p<0.01).
Comparative Study on the Treatment of Berberine Wastewater by Chemical- and Electro-Coagulation Processes: Zeta Potential Analysis
Authors: Xiao Shu Hu , Song Yong Hui , Zeng Ping , Peng Jian Feng , Zhang Dong Sheng
Published: November 2012

The comparative study on treating the berberine pharmaceutical wastewater by chemical-coagulation and electro-coagulation was carried out, and the Zeta potential, ζ was analyzed to reveal the coagulation mechanisms. The results indicated that electro-coagulation and pulse electro-coagulation could be more effective than traditional chemical-coagulation for berberine removal from wastewater: the removal efficiencies of electro-coagulation and pulse electro-coagulation processes reached above 87.6%, while the removal efficiencies were lower than 35% for the PFS and PAC coagulations. The ζ potential analysis revealed that charge neutralization was the main mechanisms for berberine removal.
Adsorption Characteristics of Natural Zeolite on Ammonia Nitrogen
Authors: Wang Wei Ping , Wang Wei , Zhou Ya Qun
Published: November 2012

The experiments of ammonia nitrogen adsorption isotherm and adsorption kinetics were conducted with natural zeolite, particle size of 1～1.5 mm and 2～4 mm separately. The results show that adsorption isotherm of zeolite on ammonia nitrogen accorded with Freundlich type. The maximum adsorption of crude zeolite and fine zeolite on ammonia nitrogen are 5.83 (mg /g) and 18.38 (mg /g) respectively, which indicated that absorption effect of fine zeolite is better than crude zeolite. The adsorption process of crude zeolite on ammonia nitrogen is first-order reaction with rate constant of 0.02( g•m－2•h－1).
Study on the Production and Trend of the Electronic Waste in China Based on Grey Prediction Model
Authors: Zu Yun Xiao , Li Zhe , Jia Yue , Jia Shan Shan
Published: November 2012

The significance and urgency about the electronic waste in China's energy saving and emission reduction issue were discussed. A grey prediction model in fuzzy mathematics, the matrix operation and planning function provided by Excel were applied to analyze and forecast the development trend of the electronic waste production. The results show that China has entered the peak phase of the electronic waste production.
On-Site Operation of a Composting-Type Eco-Toilet Using Beanstalk and Sawdust as Matrix
Authors: Liu Ning , Li Wen Qian , Qian Xin , Fan Hai Yan , Lu Gen Fa , Gao Liang Min
Published: November 2012

This study evaluated the feasibility of the mixed material as matrix of eco-toilet and the temporal change of pH value, T-N, T-P, T-K, organic matter and total reduction rate of dry weight in the compost. The mixed material of beanstalk and sawdust with a volume ratio of 1:1 can be used as reaction matrix of on-site composting-type eco-toilet to improve the microbial treatment of human feces. The human feces and urine could be composted to organic fertilizer rich in elements N, P and K. Change of pH in the toilet was divided two phases: changing phase (7.1-8.8) and stable phase (8.4-8.5). T-N, T-P and T-K contents increased with gradual input of feces and urine. Organic matter content decreased from 82.8% to 71.7% and the total reduction rate of dry weight increased gradually from 62.9% to 92.2%. Compost produced in the toilet could be used as organic fertilizer with the optimal concentration ratios for different plants.
The Feasibility Evaluation of Mine Drainage Utilization in Jiaozuo
Authors: Xia Da Ping , Liu Xiao Lei
Published: November 2012

Taking the mine water of Jiaozuo as a research, the feasibility utilizing of mine water is analyzed. By detecting mine water quality and predicting water quantity of five productive mine in Jiaozuo, it shows that the mine water of Jiaozuo is suspended matter and mine discharge is stable. According to the principle of “combine drainage with supply, selective water quality to use” and the different requirement for other purposes, the resource utilization scheme for mine water is put forward. Finally, benefit evaluation is made.
The New Rural Green Residential Energy Conservation Mode Design - Environmental Articles
Authors: Hu Qiu Fen , Deng Hua Feng , Sun Fei , Wei Jun , Yu Kun Peng
Published: November 2012

Based on the study geography, climate and other natural resources and customs,such as fully promote the use of biogas energy, develop and utilize of solar energy, sewage and waste utilization and processing Measures .we put forward some specific measures to improve rural residential, we discuss rural green residence pattern, to achieve environmental protection and energy saving construction of integration effect, after the rural residential areas to provide reference for the construction of.
Long-Term Trends of Water Quality in Upstream of Daling River in China
Authors: Wu Hui Xiu , Jiang Cui Ling , Du Zhong
Published: November 2012

Long-term trends and spatial patterns of water quality at 5 stations in the upstream of the Daling River basin of North China were examined for 5 parameters—pH, suspended sediment (SS), dissolved oxygen (DO), permanganate demand (CODMn) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5). Analysis determined the trends of parameters of each station between 1987 and 2007. The variations in permanganate demand and biochemical oxygen demand showed increasing trends and the variations in dissolved oxygen were decrease in 1990s. Multi-year average values of permanganate demand and dissolved oxygen in Chaoyang station and Jianping station were 2.8 mg/L, 37.6 mg/L and 9.6 mg/L, 6.1 mg/L, respectively. The parameter characteristics of water quality in flood and dry season showed significant heterogeneity at main stream and tributary. Correlations between parameters were analyzed using a regression analysis method. The correlations of each parameter determined there were linear negative correlation between dissolved oxygen and permanganate demand, dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen demand at Habaqi station, Dachengzi station and Chaoyang station. The permanganate demand and biochemical oxygen demand was significant positive correlation in 3 stations.
Parameter Inversion of Field Pumping Test in Aquifer with Enclosed Impermeable Boundary
Authors: Yuan Hua , Hong Yan
Published: November 2012

Theis formula derived under the circumstance of unsteady flow pumping in infinite aquifer without impermeable boundary is the representation of analytic method solving unsteady well flow problem, which can not be applied to the case of impermeable boundary just limited by its premise condition: “infinite permeable border”. In this paper, the well flow model of pumping in aquifer with unsealed impermeable boundary is researched based on mapping theory and superposition principle. And then this model is applied to a typical field pumping test in Pudong working shaft deep foundation of South Xizang road river-crossing tunnel. The results show that the slope of draw down and pumping duration time curve will increase while the surrounding impermeable boundary comes into play.
Analysis of Groundwater Isotopes and Ions Characteristics Relationship in the Area of Seawater Intrusion
Authors: Du Zhong , Wu Hui Xiu , Dong Zeng Chuan , Sun De Shu
Published: November 2012

This paper deals with the shortages of water-rock reactions affecting chemical evaluation. According to the results of isotope and chemical methods, established groundwater isotopes and ions characteristics relationship, in all ions, the decreasing order of correlation coefficient were K+&Na+ , Mg2+, CL-, SO42-, HCO3-, Ca2+, it indicating that different ability about ions to water-rock reactions. Finally, we select K+& Na+, CL- as the chemical parameters to routine monitor and evaluation, and CL- is reasonable for single index method, the critical value is 250 mg/L.
Restoration of Natural Herbaceous Vegetation of Xiangxi River’s Water-Level Fluctuation Zone after the Flooding in Three Gorges Reservoir Area
Authors: Zhang Cheng Hu , Song Ting Ting , Liu Ju , Xia Hui Juan , Wang Jian Zhu
Published: November 2012

Water-level fluctuation zone (WLFZ) is the security barrier of reservoir. Herbaceous vegetation’s restoration characteristic of Xiangxi River’s WLFZ in Three Gorges reservoir area was investigated by using ecological methods. The results show that: The main plant types are annual herbs and perennial herbs, and plant communities are patchiness or zonal distribution. Two absolute dominant plant communities are build by Cynodondactylon(Linn.)Pers. and Rhizoma Cyperi (Nutgrass Galingale Rhizome) in the 145-155m area, and annual herbs are mainly distributed above the 155m area. As the elevation increasing, the β diversity increases. There are 22 dominant species of herbaceous in Xiangxi River’s WLFZ, 16 plants could complete life story, and 5 plants’ life story are threatened by impounding. Polygonum lapathifolium Linn.may not complete its life story.
The Preliminary Study on the Effect of Debris Flow on the Tianchi Lake
Authors: Wei Xue Li , Xiao Fei Peng , Chen Ning Sheng , Cheng Qian Gong
Published: November 2012

In these years the southern part of Tianchi Lake has been occupied by deposited sediments which were carried by debris flows. As a result, the lake is shrunk and the sight of the lake is ruined. In the paper, on the basics of field work, we first combine both of the geographical maps 1971 and 2003 to make sure the landscape difference; secondly we estimate the average thickness of earth eroded by debris flow; thirdly we estimate the volume of the soil on the fan. In the 32 years between 1971 and 2003 the deposit fan has gone forward for 216m, and the deposits reaches at 1.85 million m³, of which 49％ come from upstream and 51％ comes from the old fan. The frequent debris flow occurrence is due to both natural conditions and over grazing.
Research on Numerical Stimulation of Water Resources of Bang River by Finite Volume Method
Authors: Liu Qi Xia , Yang Hai Ying , Wang Qing Huan
Published: November 2012

In order to find out Bang river of hydrogeological conditions in Liandi beach, Evaluation of groundwater resources, Put forward the scientific and reasonable layout of new Wells. This paper will be for the finite volume method is applied to the underground water resources evaluation and numerical simulation research of Yellow River xiaolangdi key water control project in Bang river zone . As the Bang river groundwater flow problems put forward a kind of high precision and simple new method. The study on speeding up the construction progress and safeguard the social stability has the important practical significance. The calculation results show that the finite volume method advantages of flexible meshing, geometric error is small, easy to deal with natural boundary conditions, to maintain the quality and higher accuracy. The calculation and evaluation of groundwater resources has important application value.
Study on Mechanical Property of Structural Damaged Expansive Soil with CT-Triaxial Shear Test
Authors: Shi Lang Jing , Li Xian , Peng Zhen , Wang Shi Ji , Wu Fan
Published: November 2012

A series of CT-triaxial shear tests were conducted on expancive soil specimens under controlled suction and confining pressure as 50kPa and 100kPa. The derivative and axial stress in each stage and CT images of inner structure of specimens were obtained .The results show that the different damage location and damage degree on expansive soil samples have different effect on soil mechanical property. The deviatoric stress of smaller damage area sample is larger than of bigger damage area specimen when the damage locates at the same place. The deviatoric strain is independent of the damage degree of samples. The CT images show that with the axial strain increasing, the fissures in soil close gradually, the density of soil increases, and the deformation of samples gets larger with the increase of confining pressure.
The Application of CNOP in the Management of the Desert Ecosystem
Authors: Wang Bo , Cai Xiao Hong , Wu Shang
Published: November 2012

The formation of vegetation patterns in the semi-arid climatic zones is established in the Shnerb’s dynamic model. In this paper, the sensitivity and nonlinear instability of the grassland ecosystem to finite-amplitude initial perturbations and parameter perturbations were studied. A useful approach of conditional nonlinear optimal perturbations (CNOPs) was adopted to investigate this nonlinear problem. Research shows that the precipitation rate plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of desert ecosystem. What's more, CNOP which represents the optimal combined pattern of initial and parameter perturbations should be noticed in the management of desert ecosystem.
Analysis on the Electromagnetic Environmental Factors of 500kV Double Circuit Transmission Line
Authors: Qi Jian Zhao , Li Jing Yi
Published: November 2012

This paper calculates frequency magnetic field strength by the Ampere's law, and analyzes the main factors affecting the electromagnetic environment of the 500kV Double Circuit Transmission Lines. In the same electromagnetic transmission line calculation parameters, optimization of phase sequence can effectively reduce the frequency magnetic field strength; with the increase of the distance, the line frequency magnetic field strength significantly reduces away from the center line within 25m. Finally, the paper obtains the phase sequence arrangement with minimal impact on the electromagnetic environment and the minimum ground clearance meeting the environmental requirements.
Technical Method to Study Climatic Environmental Change in Desert Region by Tamarix Cones
Authors: Wang Hui , Zeng Jia , Zhang Jing , Sun Zeng Ying , Zhao Yuan Jie
Published: November 2012

Taking Lop Nor as a study case, the paper not only systematically discusses the dating of the Tamarix cone, the methods and technical routes to extract its climatic environmental information, but also interprets the environmental change in Lop Nor region in the past about one hundred and sixty years, which provides a new theoretical basis and technical reference for building the high-resolution environmental sequence in the relevant area.
Release Kinetics of Phosphorus in Sediments from Baihua Lake
Authors: Mei Jin , Hu Ji Wei , Huang Xian Fei , Fu Li Ya , Luo Jin , Jia Miao , Liu Chun
Published: November 2012

Release kinetics of phosphorus in 17 sediments samples collected from Baihua Lake were determined, and the relationship between the phosphorus release kinetic parameters and the sediment composition was also investigated. The results showed that both the Elovich equation and power function equation were valid models for describing the phosphorus release data in the 17 sediments. Within the beginning 12 h, the rate of phosphorus release was high, and then decreased. Our correlation analysis demonstrates that there were no significant correlations between the maximum capacity of phosphorus release (Qmax) and the content of total nitrogen (TN), organic matter (OM), calcium-bound phosphorus (Ca-P), and organic phosphorus (OP). But the correlation between Qmax and iron/aluminum-bound phosphorus (Fe/Al-P) content was positive (R2 = 0.6064, P < 0.01), suggesting that Fe/Al-P might be the main contributor to the released phosphorus in the sediments.
Based on the Matter-Element Theory for the Construction of Small Towns Evaluation Model and Application
Authors: Wang Ting , Yang Mao Sheng
Published: November 2012

Based on the extensible matter-element theory, this paper constructs the evaluation model of construction lands combined the analysis of current situation of construction lands in towns of northern area Shaanxi province. Also, by using combination method of entropy weight and level analysis, we find out the weighted coefficient of each indicator and the correlation degree of correlation functions. Through the empirical analysis from Shenmu, Qingjian, Zizhou town in Yulin city, Shaanxi Province, We confirm the feasibility and advantages of the extensible matter-element evaluation in the evaluation study of the construction land.
Highways Construction and Optimal and Intensive Land Use
Authors: Luo Guo Zhan , Xi Cheng Gang , Fu Jin Sheng
Published: November 2012

Highways play an important role in promoting social and economic development, but they also occupy large amounts of land. By selection and design of highway routes, selection of temporary land location and construction organization and design, land use can be optimized, the scale of highway construction development can meet the practical needs of economical and social development, the high efficiency and intensification of highway construction can be guaranteed and the sustainable development of the road construction can be promoted.
Monthly Resolution Analysis of Vegetation Response to Climatic Changes in the Upper Reaches of the Yellow River Basin
Authors: Du Jia Qiang , Liu Cheng Cheng , Xu Cui , Guo Yang , Wang Li Xia , Li Ying Chang
Published: November 2012

Vegetation cover in the upper reaches of the Yellow River basin and its relation to climatic changes were analyzed at one-month resolution, using AVHRR NDVI data and meteorological records from 1982–2006. Major climatic factors that affected vegetation changes in different regions of this basin were investigated. Correlation analyses revealed that high temperatures favored plant growth in most regions, especially the southern part of the study area (regions with alpine characteristics) during early and late periods of the growth season (i.e., relatively cold periods). Increased rainfall during spring had a strong positive effect on plant growth in the eastern and northern parts (semiarid regions) of this area. In contrast, increased spring rainfall had a negative effect on plant growth in the west and south (regions with abundant rainfall but insufficient thermal energy).
Research on Reverse Osmosis Membrane Materials for Seawater Desalination
Authors: Wang Juan , Lai Si Yu , He Yang
Published: November 2012

97.5% of the water on Earth is salty, around one percent of that is brackish groundwater, and fresh water is becoming more and more precious. Mature desalination technologies as reverse osmosis, multi-stage flash, multi-effect distillation as well as electrodialysis are introduced in this paper. Of these, such reverse osmosis membranes as cellulose acetate membrane, polyamide membrane and nanomaterials enhanced membrane are discussed. In addition, several seawater desalination processes are presented, and the working manners of three other novel desalination technologies are illustrated. After all, none of the new technologies seem simple and cheap enough to offer much benefit to people, and the appropriate method should be chose according to different nations.
A Novel Chromogenic System of Pb2+ - 4, 5- Dibromo- o- Nitrophenylfluorone in the Coexistence of Carbon Nanotubes and CTMAB
Authors: Zhao Kai , Chi De Ling , Zhang Fei Fei , Wang Zong Hua
Published: November 2012

A novel chromogenic system of Pb2+ with 4, 5- dibromo- o- nitrophenylfluorone (DBONPF) was developed by the synergetic effect of carboxylic carbon nanotubes (c-CNTs) and cationic surfactants CTMAB. The absorption of Pb2+ by DBONPF can be improved by the addition of a nano-material and a surfactant. Comparative experiments proved that the absorption of the complex of Pb- DBONPF was increased by 153.9% due to the conjugated system of the c-CNTs and the solubilization of CTMAB. The proposed method was applied to the determination of pb2+ in cosmetics satisfactorily
A Novel Sensor of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Incorporated Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Voltammetric Determination of Cu (II)
Authors: Chi De Ling , Zhao Kai , Zhang Fei Fei , Wang Zong Hua
Published: November 2012

An electrochemical sensor for the detection of Cu (II) ion is described by using poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and carboxylic multi-walled carbon nanotubes (c-MWNT) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). PVA/c-MWNT film greatly improves the sensitivity of determining Cu (II). The striping peak currents change linearly with the concentration of Cu (II) from 1.0×10-8to 8.0×10-5mol/L for an accumulation time of 200 s, correlation coefficient r = 0.9980. The detection limit is as low as 5.0×10-9mol/L. The high sensitivity, selectivity, and stability of the PVA/c-MWNT film demonstrated its practical application.
Material Analysis and Structural Study on Powering Divider of Herbage Harvester
Authors: Zhao Chun Hua , Luo Ya Lan
Published: November 2012

In order to study stress deformation and distribution of powering divider on 4GH-120 herbage harvester at working time, main materials of the divider were analyzed, and mechanical model of the divider was established by finite element method. Result showed that maximal displacement deformation and stress distribution appeared on the left tooth of divider; stress value decreased from center to edge; Choosing 6 mm tooth thickness and 430r/min rotating speed was the best effect, deformation displacement and equivalent stress are respectively reduced by 53.5% and 54.2% compared with original dates. In 320～400 mm diameter scope, the smaller the divider is, the safer it is.
Effects of Preparation Conditions on Characters of Hydrophobic Silica Granular Aerogel and its Applications
Authors: Wei Wei , Zhang Jing Yi , Wu Li Ping , Qin Guo Tong
Published: November 2012

The hydrophobic silica granular aerogels were synthesized via sol-gel synthesis followed by ambient pressure drying. The tetraethyloxylane (TEOS) was used as original precursor. The aerogels were analyzed using nitrogen adsorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser particle size analyzer. It was found that the aerogel was mesoporous material with high surface area. The aerogels were prepared in grain form by dipping into disperse solution in order to adsorption application. The average particle size of the aerogel was controlled by pH and disperse solution volume. The pH also affected gel time. The aerogels were used to absorb phenol from water. The saturated adsorption amount could reach up to 145 mg•g-1.
Application of Optical Fiber Made of Various Materials with Composite Properties of Materials in Laser Medical Treatment
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Liu Fang
Published: November 2012

Though introducing the optical fiber in a laser medical treatment made ​​of different materials, contrast expounded integrated characteristic of the different materials in manufacturing an optical fiber material, summed four aspects need to be considered in the choice of the optical fiber manufacturing material. First, the laser parameters, such as maximum laser power, the wavelength, the transmission distance, the laser beam spot size and numerical aperture of the laser light source. Second, according to the optical fiber light transmittance curve, to identify the optimum transmittance of the application wavelength. Third, determining transmission optical slender core diameter, typically a core diameter is greater than the laser spot size of 2/3; decision sets of plastic material finally.
Analysis of Fragmentation of Glass Target with Composite Properties of Materials under Impact Loading
Authors: Yu Xiao Qing , Lin Mao , Wei Na , Jia Li , Xiao Jing
Published: November 2012

Glass target belongs to brittle target.In order to make use of PVC to enhance defensible performance of glass, combining glass and PVC for a target is considered in this paper. On the basis of experiment, fragmentation of glass faceplate is two adding cones. The relation of the fragmentation shape and thickness of glass is, analysed.So we can make the conclusion that the glass is thicker, the radial cracks and annulus cracks are denser.If it is applied to defend the structure, the better effect of defensible performance is testified when the more energy is absorbed.
Selective Determination of Dopamine at Poly Sulfosalicylic Acid/Graphene Modified Electrode with Composite Properties of Biochemical Materials
Authors: Han Qiu Huan , Xia Jian Fei , Wang Zong Hua , Xia Yan Zhi , Zhang Fei Fei
Published: November 2012

A new type of poly (sulfosalicylic acid)/graphene modified electrode (PSA/GH/GCE) was fabricated by dispensing graphene (GH) on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and then electro-polymerized sulfosalicylic acid onto GH/GCE with cyclic voltammtry method. It can be used with composite properties of biochemical materials for highly selective and sensitive detection of dopamine (DA) even in the presence of mass ascorbic acid (AA). The linear response range for DA was 70 nM to 700 μM, and the detection limit was 20 nM (S/N = 3).
Concrete Fatigue Life Characteristics of the Different Survival Rates in the Lateral Pressure Conditions
Authors: Cai Qiang , Kong Ji Ming , Chen Ze Fu
Published: November 2012

Under cyclic loading of concrete structures, fatigue failure is the main failure modes of fatigue, which has become the fatigue design of concrete structure must be considered, then the concrete fatigue studies must clarify the fatigue life of concrete under different survival curve S-N curve. Based on the statistics of the two parameter Weibull distribution theory, obtain the concrete under different survival rates of fatigue life distribution, namely to improve survival, reduce the fatigue life; stress level is reduced, the fatigue life is increased; and has set up more than 50% under different survival rates of concrete fatigue equation.
The Numerical Simulation about Exploding Load Attenuated by Foam Aluminum-Steel Sandwich Plate Based on Mechanics of Explosion
Authors: Yu Xiao Qing , Xue Zheng Yu , Lin Mao , Jia Li , Wei Na
Published: November 2012

Along with development of weapon technology, shock wave becomes a kind of instrument to kill people in blindage. It becomes more important to defend the damage of the shock wave. Through numerical simulation, the result is given. Foam Aluminum-steel sandwich plate can attenuate peak value of the shock wave. After shock wave overpass the sandwich plate that has foam Aluminum plate ten millimeters high, in an air layer, super pressure of shock wave drop to less than 0.05 atm., and the peak value of cracking pressure reduces 88 percent. So, people behind sandwich plate are fastened.
The Accounting Method of Agro-Ecological Compensation Standard of Environmental-Friendly Fertilizer in Erhai Watershed
Authors: Wang Feng , Zhang Ke Qiang , Ni Xi Yun , Yang Huai Qin , Zhao Jun Yi
Published: November 2012

In this paper, it reviewed the research the progress of the ecological compensation standard (ECS), and analyzed four main ECS accounting methods, including ecosystem services value, ecological construction cost, opportunity cost and willingness payment. Combined with paddy field plots experiment in Erhai watershed in China, it compared crop yield, fertilizer cost and net profit in the traditional fertilization method and slow-release fertilizer (SRF) technology. Compensation standard of the environment-friendly fertilizer was recommended as 750～1,500 yuan/hm2 in the area. After comparing different accounting processes, a integrated method which use the opportunity cost as a basis, together with farmer’s willingness and payment ability from government, is reliable to account agro-ecological compensation standard in China.
Thermal Hazards Evaluation on the Manufacturing of LPO by DSC for Environment Protection in Material Engineering and its Application
Authors: You Mei Li , Hsieh Tung Feng
Published: November 2012

Lauroyl chloride is synthesized by the reaction of phosphorus trichloride and lauroyl acid. It is, in turn, oxidized by a toluene solution of hydrogen peroxide and sodium peroxide to manufacture lauroyl peroxide (LPO). As a retrospective case, a cleaning drum exploded during transfer of the toluene layer including LPO to the filter after separation of the aqueous phase. It is speculated that plant managers did not fully apprehend the hazardous decomposition of LPO, or could not make operators understand it. This study investigated the reaction hazards in the manufacturing process to forestall explosion in the manufacturing of LPO by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and TSS model simulations.
Effect of Low Power Ultrasonication on Anaerobic Digestion of Sludge
Authors: Liu Chang
Published: November 2012

This paper presents a study of effects of low power ultrasonication on anaerobic digestion of sludge. Based on the optimizing tests, large lab scale experiments were implemented to investigate impact of different dosage of ultrasonication on a sludge anaerobic process. Hydrolysis capacity of sludge for protein, cellulose and fat, pH, content of coenzyme F420 and daily yield of biogas were detected to observe changes of the main biochemical steps. The underlying mechanisms for the enhancement of sludge digestion efficiency by low power ultrasonication are also discussed.
Synthesis of Mg2+ Incorporated Hydroxyapatite by Ion Implantation
Authors: Rautray Tapash R. , Kim Kyo Han
Published: November 2012

Mg substituted hydroxyapatite (Mg-HA) has been reported to promote activity of osteoblast and inhibit function of osteoclast in vitro. Mg-HA was synthesized by ion implantation of Ca2+, P2+ and Mg2+ beams by using an electrostatic medium energy accelerator. Oxygen injection had a major role in the formation of HA on Ti substrate. The osteoblast cells spread and formed lamellae on the coating surfaces. But Mg2+ ion implanted HA had shown higher osteoblast cell count and higher protein activity. The presence of Mg in the coating had better osteoblast activity and differentiation. Implantation of Ca and P ions into Ti substrate to successfully form HA and subsequent Mg ion incorporation in this layer shows that medium energy ions are very helpful in increasing the tensile strengths drastically.
Synthesis of Zinc-Containing Amorphous Calcium Phosphate
Authors: Uchino Tomohiro , Toda Keitaro
Published: November 2012

Zinc is an essential trace element in body and has an important role of bone formation. Osteoporosis occurs by imbalance of osteoclasts and osteoblasts activity. The osteoclasts activity lowers the pH of peripheral body environment. Therapeutic agents release material in response to the osteoclasts activity is expected to be a controlled released material. In this study, Zn-containing amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) powder was synthesized by wet synthesis. Zn content of obtained powders was higher than that of beginning content. ACP powders could be easy to take Zn at wet synthesis. After soaking in phosphate buffered saline for 24 hours, all of synthetic powders were transformed into low crystalline apatite. On the other hand, after soaking in acetic acid buffer for 24 hours, all these powders dissolved. Zn-containing ACP powders are expected to be a Zn controlled released material.
Fabrication of Three Different Types of Porous Carbonate-Substituted Apatite Ceramics for Artificial Bone
Authors: Tanaka Toshimitsu , Yoshioka Tomohiko , Ikoma Toshiyuki , Kuwayama Tomoya , Higaki Tatsuhiko , Tanaka M.
Published: November 2012

The purposes of this study were to fabricate porous carbonate-substituted apatite (CAp) ceramics and characterize important properties such as compressive strengths and dissolution rates for an artificial bone. Porous A-type CAp (A-CAp) with uniaxial pores was fabricated by sintering porous hydroxyapatite green bodies at 1000°C in carbon dioxide gas atmosphere. B-type CAp (B-CAp) nanocrystals prepared by a wet method were mixed with an organic binder, freeze-dried and heated at 800°C in air, and AB-type CAp (AB-CAp) was fabricated by heating B-CAp porous bodies including the organic binder at 1100°C in carbon dioxide gas atmosphere. From the morphological observations with a scanning electron microscope, the porous A-CAp had uniaxially oriented pores of 104±33 μm in diameter, while the porous B-CAp and AB-CAp had large pores of 143±48 μm and 181±46 μm in diameter, of which pores were interconnected with small pores of 31±11 μm and 45±17 μm in diameter. The dissolution rates of CAps were apparently larger than that of HAp; the calcium concentrations increased in the order of AB-CAp > B-CAp > A-CAp > HAp. This is mainly attributed to carbonate content although it could be partialy depended on the different porous structures and diameters.
Characterization of α/β-TCP Based Injectable Calcium Phosphate Cement as a Potential Bone Substitute
Authors: Sariibrahimoglu Kemal , Wolke Joop G.C. , Leeuwenburgh Sander C.G. , Jansen John A.
Published: November 2012

Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) can be a suitable scaffold material for bone tissue engineering because of their osteoconductivity and perfect fit with the surrounding tissue when injected in situ. However, the main disadvantage of hydroxyapatite (HA) forming CPC is its slow degradation rate, which hinders complete bone regeneration. A new approach is to use hydraulic apatite cement with mainly α/β-tricalciumphosphate (TCP) instead of α-TCP. After hydrolysis the α/β-TCP transforms in a partially non-absorbable HA and a completely resorbable β-TCP phase. Therefore, α-TCP material was thermally treated at several temperatures and times resulting in different α/β-TCP ratios. In this experiment, we developed and evaluated injectable biphasic calcium phosphate cements (BCPC) in vitro. Biphasic α/β-TCP powder was produced by heating α-TCP ranging from 1000-11250°C. Setting time and compressive strength of the CPCs were analyzed after soaking in PBS for 6 weeks. Results demonstrated that the phase composition can be controlled by the sintering temperature. Heat treatment of α-TCP, resulted in 100%, 75% and 25% of α-to β-TCP transformation, respectively. Incorporation of these sintered BCP powder into the cement formulation increased the setting time of the CPC paste. Compressive strength decreased with increasing β-TCP content. In this study, biphasic CPCs were produced and characterized in vitro. This injectable biphasic CPC presented comparable properties to an apatitic CPC.
Adsorption Behavior of Sodium Inositol Hexaphosphate on the Surface of Hydroxyapatite
Authors: Konishi Toshiisa , Mizumoto Minori , Honda Michiyo , Aizawa Mamoru
Published: November 2012

We have previously developed hydroxyapatite (HAp) cement based on the chelate-setting mechanism of sodium inositol hexaphosphate (IP6), in which HAp powder was prepared by surface-modification with IP6 after ball-milling of the HAp powder (conventional process). Meanwhile, we have recently established novel powder preparation process (modified process). In the present study, the adsorption behavior of IP6 on the surface of HAp at both the processes was circumstantially examined to clarify the chelating mechanism of IP6. The adsorbed amount of IP6 increased with the IP6 concentration in both the processes; however, the adsorbed amount of IP6 at the modified process was lower than that at the conventional process. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study revealed that the IP6 adsorbed on the surface of HAp powders. The degree in dispersion of the HAp particles at the modified process was higher than that at conventional process. Furthermore, the elution of IP6 from the powders prepared at the novel process was lower than that of the powders at the conventional process.
In Vitro Biological Evaluation of Anti-Tumor Effect of the Chelate-Setting Hydroxyapatite Cement
Authors: Honda Michiyo , Konishi Toshiisa , Mizumoto Minori , Aizawa Mamoru
Published: November 2012

Cancers frequently metastasize to bone, where it leads to secondary tumor growth, and osteolytic bone degradation. Bone metastases are often associated with fractures and severe pain resulting in decreased quality of life. Accordingly, effective therapies to inhibit the development or progression of bone metastases will have important clinical benefits. Bone cement, one of the powerful tools as bone substitutes, is used to fill the resection voids. The aim of this study was to develop a local drug delivery system using HAp cement as a carrier of chemotherapeutic agents. In the present study, we have fabricated chelate-setting apatite cements (IP6-HAp cements) using HAp particles surface-modified with inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) and evaluated their anti-tumor effect. Human osteosarcoma (HOS) cultured on IP6-HAp cements (over 3000 ppm IP6) resulted in inhibition of cell growth. DNA microarray analysis indicated changes in the expression of apoptosis-related genes on IP6-HAp cement surface-modified with 5000 ppm IP6 compared with HAp cement, suggesting activation of apoptosis machinery by IP6-HAp cement. To clarify the mechanism of anti-tumor effect of IP6-HAp cement, the properties of cement were investigated. The release kinetics of IP6 from IP6-HAp cement showed that the level of released IP6 was insufficient to induce anti-tumor activity. These results led us to consider that locally high concentration of IP6 which was released from cement acts on the cells directly as anti-tumor agent and induces the apoptosis. Consequently, IP6-HAp cement might gain the anti-tumor effect and act as a carrier for local drug delivery system.
Controlled Self-Coating of Implant Surfaces with Autologous Molecules
Authors: Adam Martin , Ganz Cornelia , Xu W. , Frerich B. , Gerber Thomas
Published: November 2012

mplant fixation is correlated with direct bone apposition on the implant surface. In a former study it was reported that a new coating material enhances the bone-to-implant-contact in comparison to machined and rough surfaces. This study is aimed at clarifying the effect of an enhanced bone-to-implant-contact that is induced by a new coating material. The coating is produced by spin and spray coating and consists of a silica matrix, in which nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite is embedded. The coating material exhibits a high porosity in the micrometer and nanometer scale. Coated implants were inserted subcutaneously in Wistar Rats. The specimens were excised after 6 and 12 days. EDX and SEM analysis showed a reduction of the silica amount within 6 days. In accordance to former results of a bone grafting material with the same structure, this matrix change is responsible for an initial bone formation at early stages.
Laser-Assisted Biomimetic Process for Calcium Phosphate Coating on a Hydroxyapatite Ceramic
Authors: Oyane Ayako , Sakamaki Ikuko , Shimizu Yoshiki , Kawaguchi Kenji , Sogo Yu , Ito Atsuo , Koshizaki Naoto
Published: November 2012

The present authors recently developed a new calcium phosphate (CaP) coating technique on an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer substrate utilizing a laser-assisted biomimetic (LAB) process. In the present study, the LAB process was applied to a sintered hydroxyapatite (sHA) substrate for CaP coating. The LAB process was carried out by irradiating the sHA substrate immersed in a supersaturated CaP solution with a low-energy Nd-YAG pulsed laser. Within 30 min of irradiation, contiuous CaP layers with different morphologies were successfully formed on the laser-irradiated sHA surface. A submicron cavernous structure of the CaP layer was developed into a micron flake-like structure as the laser power increased from 1 to 3 W. This result suggests that the secondary nucleation and growth of CaP crystals were accelerated by laser irradiation in a power-dependent manner. Laser absorption by the sHA substrate and the resulting increase in ambient temperature locally near the surface should be responsible for the accelerated CaP nucleation and growth. The present CaP coating technique using the LAB process is simple and quick, hence it would be useful in orthopedic and dental applications as an on-demand surface-functionalization method for biomaterials consisting of sHA.