bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Testing High-Voltage Electrical Discharges in Disintegrating Claystone for Isotopic and Mineralogical Studies: An Example Using Opalinus Claystone
Authors: Zwingmann Horst , Berger Alfons , Eggenberger Urs , Todd Andrew , Herwegh Marco
Published: December 2017

The radiogenic isotope systematics of clay minerals are complex because of the intimate mixture of minerals from different origins such as detrital and authigenic sources. An important aspect of dating clays is the primary sample preparation and disintegration method. In the present study, a sample of weakly deformed Opalinus claystone from the Mont Terri underground site (Switzerland) was investigated after disintegration by three different methods. The Opalinus Clay was sedimented in the late Toarcian and early Aalenian and reached maximum temperatures of ~85°C during burial in the Cretaceous. The present study reports data from a comprehensive investigation comparing the effects of disintegration by: (1) disc milling; (2) repeated freezing and thawing; and (3) high-voltage discharges. K-Ar age values of the finest clay (<0.1 µm) released by the different disintegration methods are indistinguishable, indicating that the high-voltage liberation method does not influence grains as small as 100 nm. The K-Ar age values of particle-size separates decreased with decreasing particle size. The age values of the 2–6 µm separates correspond to the Carboniferous Period, which reflects the dominance of Paleozoic detritus in that size range. The age values of the smallest separates (<0.1 µm), on average 213 ± 4 Ma, exceed the numerical age of the formation (~177−172 Ma), which show predominance of detrital grains over authigenic grains even in the finest illite. In summary, isotope geochronology data suggest that the high-voltage method can be applied reliably for disintegrating claystones.
3rd Symposium of Lasers In Dentistry
Authors: Eduardo Carlos de Paula , Gonçalves Sergio Eduardo de Paiva , Higuera Javier , Aranha Ana Cecília , Zezell Denise Maria , Pinheiro Antonio Luiz Barbosa , Theodoro Leticia Helena
Published: December 2017

.
Evaluation of bronchial asthma educational package on asthma self-management among school age children based on Oremâ€™s self-care model in Zagazig city
Authors: Mersal Fathia , El-Awady Samah
Published: December 2017

Background: Asthma is the widespread health problem and most common chronic disease among children. Developing self-care skills related to children with asthma forms a basis for nursing care. Oremâ€™s self-care model is one of the most comprehensive self-care theories that provide a good clinical guide for planning and implementing the principles of good self-care.The Aim of this study: was to determine the effect of asthma educational package based on Oremâ€™s self-care model on the development of self-care activities of children with asthma.Subjects and Methods: a quasi-experimental study conducted on a purposive sample of 106 children with bronchial asthma in pediatric outpatient clinic at Zagazig University hospital. The research tools used in this study were demographic characteristics of studied children. Asthma triggers inventory, asthma knowledge questionnaire, asthma self-management questionnaire, asthma Self-Efficacy regarding self-management of asthma, medication adherence, and inhaler technique observation checklist and health instruction guidelines.Results: the results showed that after the training intervention self-efficacy, asthma management, adherence of asthmatic children to medications were significantly increased (p > 000). The study findings concluded that the asthma education program improved all aspects of self-efficacy and activities of asthma management after program implementation.Conclusion: the educational program based on Oremâ€™s self-care model successfully improves the performance of inhaler use. The study indicates that self-care activities were efficient among children with asthma after implementation of program.Recommendations: it suggested to conduct Oremâ€™s self-care model for children with bronchial asthma and to replicate the study in many settings to support its effectiveness.
Estimating hazard rates using appropriate statistical distribution
Authors: Fahmy Nermin
Published: December 2017

This research deals primarily with the hazard rate function of a class of distributions, and discusses the relation between the hazard rate function, and the density function. It was found that the Makeham-Gompertz mortality distribution and the truncated extreme value distribution had the same hazard rate function. We used the hazard rate function derived from these distributions to find the actuarial functions.
Knowledge, attitude and perception of orthodontic treatment among dental students
Authors: Agrawal Riya
Published: December 2017

Introduction: Malocclusion is known to contribute overall health status, as well as affecting individualâ€™s psychosocial health.Aim: To establish knowledge, attitude and perception of orthodontics treatment among dental students of one of the dental college of M.P.Material & Method: A descriptive cross study was carried out among 300 undergraduate dental students of people dental academy Bhopal M.P. India. Each classroom of the participants were visited. Self-administered questionnaire were distributed to a 300 students. The scores were calculated, and statistical analysis were done. Categorical variables were evaluated using a Chi-square test with the level of significance ofÂ PÂ < 0.001.Â Results: About 85% of the students were aware of their dental esthetics. About 85% of females were satisfied with the attractiveness of their teeth when compared to 70% males. House surgeons had more positive attitude compared to the 1st year students.Â Conclusion:Â The dental students had good knowledge about the orthodontic treatment and had a positive attitude toward it. Females had very good knowledge, satisfaction and positive attitude compared to the males regarding dental esthetics and treatment. House surgeons were much more aware, very much satisfied and had a more positive attitude than 1st year students.
Two versions of pseudo-differential operators involving the Kontorovich–Lebedev transform in L
2(ℝ+;dx/x)
Authors: Prasad Akhilesh , Mandal Upain K.
Published: December 2017

The Pseudo-differential operators (p.d.o.)

L
⁢

(
x
,

A
x

)

{L(x,A_{x})}

and

ℒ
⁢

(
x
,

A
x

)

{\mathcal{L}(x,A_{x})}

involving the Kontorovich–Lebedev transform are defined. An estimate for these operators in the Hilbert space

L
2

⁢

(

ℝ
+

;

d
⁢
x

x

)

{L^{2}(\mathbb{R}_{+};\frac{dx}{x})}

is obtained. A symbol class Λ is defined and it is shown that the product of any two symbols from this class is again in Λ. At the end, commutators for the p.d.o. and their boundedness results are discussed.
Fluid resuscitation and markers of glycocalyx degradation in severe sepsis
Authors: Wu Xinhui , Hu Zhenjie , Yuan Hufang , Chen Lei , Li Yong , Zhao Congcong
Published: December 2017

Background

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between fluid resuscitation and glycocalyx degradation in severe sepsis.

Methodology

15 post-thoracotomy patients with severe sepsis and 11 patients in recovery after open chest surgery (controls) were enrolled.

Results

Plasma syndecan-1 concentrations were significantly higher in the sepsis group than that in control group, and were correlated with fluid balance in the sepsis group (P=0.026). Survival was not related to trends in plasma syndecan-1 concentrations (ascending/descending) in the sepsis group (P = 0.409). Fluid balance at 24 h was significantly higher in sepsis patients who died than in those who survived (P = 0.010). Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores, duration of mechanical ventilation, and length of intensive care unit stay did not differ with the trend of plasma syndecan-1 concentrations. Compared with plasma syndecan-1 concentrations, lactate clearance at a cutoff of 0.40% had a higher diagnostic value.

Conclusions

In patients with severe sepsis, the glycocalyx plays an important role in liquid distribution in different phases. With time, it changes as well. At present, lactate clearance has greater diagnostic value than plasma syndecan-1 concentrations in severe sepsis. A better indicator of endothelial glycocalyx is therefore required.
Acute Effect of Aerobic and Strength Exercise on Heart Rate Variability and Baroreflex Sensitivity in Men With Autonomic Dysfunction
Authors: de Paula Tainah , Neves Mario F. , da Silva Itaborahy Alex , Monteiro Walace , Farinatti Paulo , Cunha Felipe A.
Published: December 2017

de Paula, T, Neves, MF, da Silva Itaborahy, A, Monteiro, W, Farinatti, P, and Cunha, FA. Recovery pattern of cardiac autonomic control after aerobic and strength exercises in overweight prehypertensive men. J Strength Cond Res 33(10): 2743–2752, 2019—The extent to which postexercise cardiac autonomic control depends on exercise modality remains unclear, particularly among individuals with autonomic dysfunction (cardiac autonomic dysfunction [CADysf]). This study compared heart rate variability (HRV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) responses to acute aerobic exercise (AE) and strength exercise (SE) in men with CADysf. Twenty men were assigned into control (n = 10: 33.8 ± 3.0 years; 23.7 ± 1.5 kg·m−2) and CADysf (n = 10: 36.2 ± 9.8 years; 28.4 ± 2.6 kg·m−2) groups. Cardiac autonomic dysfunction underwent AE, SE, and a nonexercise control day (control session [CTL]) in a randomized, counter-balanced order. Heart rate variability and BRS were assessed in a supine position during 25 minutes of recovery after AE, SE, and CTL. Both HRV indices (p ≤ 0.05; effect size [Cohen's d]: >1.4) and BRS at rest were significantly lower in CADysf than those in controls (p < 0.01; effect size [Cohen's d]: ≥1.36). In CADysf, postexercise increases in heart rate, sympathetic activity (low-frequency [LF] band), and sympathovagal balance (LF:high-frequency [HF] ratio), as well as decreases in R-R interval, parasympathetic activity (HF band), and BRS were observed in AE (p ≤ 0.05; effect size [Cohen's d]: ≥1.31) and SE (p ≤ 0.05; effect size [Cohen's d]: ≥0.79) vs. CTL, but changes were larger after AE than SE (p ≤ 0.05; effect size [Cohen's d]: ≥0.73). In conclusion, both AE and SE elicited postexercise changes in HRV and BRS among CADysf men, primarily reflected by lowered vagal modulation, increased sympathovagal balance, and a delayed BRS recovery pattern. However, those changes seem to be more likely to occur after AE than SE.
Downregulation of decidual SP1 and P300 is associated with severe preeclampsia
Authors: Zhang Yachao , Yang Jieqiong , Lv Shijian , Zhao Dong-Qin , Chen Zi-Jiang , Li Wei-Ping , Zhang Cong
Published: December 2017

Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-induced disorder characterized by hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation, affecting 5–7% of pregnancies worldwide. So far, the etiology of PE remains poorly understood. Abnormal decidualization is thought to contribute to the development of PE. SP1 belongs to the Sp/KLF superfamily and can recruit P300 to regulate the transcription of several genes. SP1 is also very important for decidualization as it enhances the expression of tissue factor. In this study, we investigated the expression of SP1 and P300 in deciduae and their relationship with PE. A total of 42 decidua samples were collected, of which 21 were from normal pregnant (NP) and 21 from severe PE. SP1 and P300 expression in deciduae and the levels of SP1 and P300 in cultured human endometrial stromal cells (hESCs) and primary hESCs during decidualization were determined. To further investigate the role of SP1 and P300 in human decidualization, RNA interference was used to silence SP1 and P300 in hESCs and primary hESCs. The following results were obtained. We found that the expressions of SP1 and P300 were reduced in decidual tissues with PE compared to those from NP. In thein vitromodel of induction of decidualization, we found an increase in bothSP1andP300levels. Silencing ofSP1andP300resulted in abnormal decidualization and a significant reduction of decidualization markers such as insulin-like growth factor-binding protein1 and prolactin. Furthermore, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor was also decreased uponSP1andP300silencing. Similar results were observed in primary hESCs. Our results suggest that SP1 and P300 play an important role during decidualization. Dysfunction of SP1 and P300 leads to impaired decidualization and might contribute to PE.
40 YEARS OF IGF1: IGF1 receptor and thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy
Authors: Mohyi Michelle , Smith Terry J
Published: December 2017

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is a vexing and poorly understood autoimmune process involving the upper face and tissues surrounding the eyes. In TAO, the orbit can become inflamed and undergo substantial remodeling that is disfiguring and can lead to loss of vision. There are currently no approved medical therapies for TAO, the consequence of its uncertain pathogenic nature. It usually presents as a component of the syndrome known as Graves’ disease where loss of immune tolerance to the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) results in the generation of activating antibodies against that protein and hyperthyroidism. The role for TSHR and these antibodies in the development of TAO is considerably less well established. We have reported over the past 2 decades evidence that the insulin-like growth factorI receptor (IGF1R) may also participate in the pathogenesis of TAO. Activating antibodies against IGF1R have been detected in patients with GD. The actions of these antibodies initiate signaling in orbital fibroblasts from patients with the disease. Further, we have identified a functional and physical interaction between TSHR and IGF1R. Importantly, it appears that signaling initiated from either receptor can be attenuated by inhibiting the activity of IGF1R. These findings underpin the rationale for therapeutically targeting IGF1R in active TAO. A recently completed therapeutic trial of teprotumumab, a human IGF1R inhibiting antibody, in patients with moderate to severe, active TAO, indicates the potential effectiveness and safety of the drug. It is possible that other autoimmune diseases might also benefit from this treatment strategy.
Attenuation of PERK enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in islets
Authors: Kim Min Joo , Min Se Hee , Shin Seon Young , Kim Mi Na , Lee Hakmo , Jang Jin Young , Kim Sun-Whe , Park Kyong Soo , Jung Hye Seung
Published: December 2017

PERK is a pancreatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) kinase. Its complete deletion in pancreatic β cells induces insulin deficiency; however, the effects of partialPerksuppression are unclear. We investigated the effect of partial PERK suppression using the specific PERK inhibitors GSK2606414 and GSK2656157. Low-dose GSK2606414 treatment for 24 h enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), islet insulin content and calcium transit in mouse (at 40 nM) and human (at 50–100 nM) pancreatic islets. GSK2606414 also induced the expression of the ER chaperone BiP and the release of calcium from the ER. WhenBipexpression was inhibited using aBipsiRNA, the GSK2606414-induced augmentation of the ER calcium level, islet insulin contents, glucose-stimulated cytosolic calcium transit and GSIS were abrogated. In both wild-type and insulin-deficientAtg7-knockout mice, 8 weeks of GSK2656157 treatment enhanced GSIS and improved hyperglycemia without affecting body weight. In conclusion, partial PERK inhibition induced BiP expression in islets, increased glucose-stimulated calcium transit and islet insulin contents and enhanced GSIS, suggesting that low-dose PERK inhibitors could potentially be used to treat insulin deficiency.
Lei das águas e a gestão dos recursos hídricos no Brasil: contribuições para o debate
Authors: Moura Micaella Raíssa Falcão de , Silva Simone Rosa da
Published: December 2017

No Brasil, a primeira legislação relevante voltada para o gerenciamento dos recursos hídricos foi o Código das Águas de 1934. Em 1997, porém, entrou em vigor a Lei nº 9.433/1997, conhecida como “Lei das Águas”. Esta lei foi fruto de um longo processo de maturação política nacional e da mobilização de segmentos sociais diversos, e sua aprovação resultou em várias contribuições, entre as quais se destacam os debates e a adequação da legislação aos conceitos de desenvolvimento sustentável. Nesta perspectiva, o presente artigo tem como objetivo contribuir com as atuais discussões sobre a gestão dos recursos hídricos no país, baseando-se no que dispõe a Lei federal 9433/97 e com foco principal em seus instrumentos e em conteúdos de recentes estudos sobre a temática. Para tal, foi feita uma abordagem geral e análise de alguns dos instrumentos da Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos e expostos tópicos relevantes de referenciais teóricos atuais sobre o assunto. Ao final, o presente trabalho expõe uma síntese sobre a problemática da pesquisa.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Lei das águas. Gestão dos recursos hídricos. Desenvolvimento sustentável.
Concepções dos professores, funcionários e estudantes do Ensino Médio de uma Escola do Campo sobre a problemática do lixo doméstico
Authors: Santos Ivone Monteiro dos , Leão Marcelo Franco
Published: December 2017

A problemática do lixo é cada vez mais recorrente, o que provoca aumento da poluição. Outro agravante é a falta de coleta regular de lixo na Agrovila Lumiar, no Assentamento Confresa Roncador, em Confresa-MT. A Escola Estadual Sol Nascente tem um local destinado para o lixo, porém o mesmo recebe todo o lixo produzido sem ter o cuidado quanto a separação ou destino correto. Diante dessa problemática, o objetivo desse estudo foi investigar a concepção dos professores, funcionários e estudantes do Ensino Médio dessa escola quanto a destinação do lixo. A pesquisa é descritiva e exploratória, cuja abordagem é qualitativa e seu desenvolvimento ocorreu no ano de 2016. Para coletar dados foi utilizado com os estudantes e funcionários um mesmo questionário constituído por 8 perguntas abertas. Outro questionário foi elaborado para os professores, sendo constituídos por 4 perguntas também abertas. Também foram desenvolvidas ações na tentativa de que ocorra a diminuição da produção de resíduos sólidos, tais como a propagação de informações sobre forma correta de descarte desses resíduos e propostas alternativas para reutilização. Logo, a problemática do lixo precisa ser debatida, compreendida e solucionada, pois esse problema se não for enfrentado por todos continuará a causar malefícios às pessoas e ao meio ambiente.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Sensibilização. Meio ambiente. Escola do campo. Educação Ambiental.
Uma experiência através de jogos lúdicos no aprendizado do semiárido
Authors: Sobrinho José Falcão , Oliveira José Marcelo Soares , Silva Edson Vicente da , Falcão Cleire Lima da Costa
Published: December 2017

Através do presente ensaio pretende-se referenciar acerca do tratamento que é dado as práticas educativas que visam uma melhor convivência no ambiente semiárido, a partir de suas características peculiares, associando-se à educação contextualizada. Desta forma, propõe-se inserir os jogos lúdicos, a fim de promover uma melhor assimilação acerca da realidade vivida nesse ambiente. Neste contexto, há de se introduzir sobre a temática vista em conjunto com o ensino de geografia. Daí, adotamos a inserção de oficinas com alunos do Ensino Fundamental II do colégio Maria do Carmo Andrade, no bairro Pedrinhas, no município de Sobral, Ceará, Brasil. Utilizamos jogos lúdicos para refletir a questão do semiárido. Constatou-se que é válido enfatizar a questão de aplicabilidade de tais alternativas na prática do ensino, ocasionando um envolvimento dos participantes.
Palavras-chave: Educação contextualizada; Semiárido; Ensino de Geografia; Lúdico.
Análise Temporal de Índices Radiométricos no Município de Bebedouro, São Paulo
Authors: Santos Glaucia Regina , Leite Ana Paula , Leda Victor Costa
Published: December 2017

Nas sociedades modernas o sensoriamento remoto surge para fornecer informações temporais de extensas áreas com alto grau de detalhamento, a fim de analisar e monitorar as modificações de uso do solo. Desse modo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar as modificações no uso do solo no município de Bebedouro – SP em um período de 20 anos e entender quais fatores podem se relacionar com a expansão do município. Foram utilizadas imagens em épocas distintas (1995 e 2015) para toda a extensão da cidade. Os índices utilizados neste trabalho foram o SAVI, MSAVI2 e NDBI. Observou-se que as manchas urbanas presente nos índices apresentam-se inseridas na mesma classe de solo exposto. Ocorreu maior amplitude geral do índice NDBI, no ano de 1995 e 2015. Ao comparar o SAVI do MSAVI2, observa-se que MSAVI2 apresenta maior grau de detalhamento. A amostragem temporal nos indica que no município ocorreu um aumento de área com biomassa vegetal, isto porque houve um aumento na média dos valores dos pixels dos índices SAVI e MSAVI2 das imagens processadas, e um aumento de áreas urbanas e estéreis, caracterizada pelo aumento na média dos valores dos pixels do índice NDBI. O município apresentou um incremento em área urbana de 25,41%. Pode-se associar que o crescimento espacial urbano relaciona-se com o aumento do número de habitantes. Porém, tanto os valores de expansão espacial como populacional apresentaram valores reduzido quando comparado com cidades de economia bem desenvolvida.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Sensoriamento remoto. Expansão urbana. Processamento de imagens.
Week 3: Introduction to Unix/Linux and the Server; Assembly with IDBA-UD v1
Authors: Anderson Rika
Published: December 2017

This week we’re going to take a tour of the server, which will be our home base for the next several weeks. There are important things to know about how to navigate the server, how to use it politely, and how to look at files. We’re mostly going to be accessing the server via the Terminal, and you’ll need to be familiar with Unix commands, which is why you did that Unix activity earlier this week. After that, we're going to learn how to assemble reads into longer contigs using a program called IDBA-UD. We'll learn how to do it on a toy dataset, and then you'll do it on your project datasets.
Comparative study of effects of ramosetron and ondansetron on global satisfaction of patients on cisplatin chemotherapy in head and neck cancers
Authors: Srivastava Swapnil , Ahmed Quazi Shahir , Sayedda Kauser
Published: December 2017

Background: To compare level of satisfaction of the patients receiving ramosetron and ondansetron in prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with cisplatin chemotherapy.Methods: 60 patients were recruited in the study. Patients were randomly allocated to ramosetron (R) and ondansetron group (O). Patients were screened between day 1 and day 7. Study visits included clinic visits on day 8, day 9 and day 14. Patient diaries were used to record patients’ global satisfaction which was based on severity of nausea and vomiting using visual analogue scale (VAS), recorded daily until day 12 starting from day 8. On 14th day the patient diary cards were collected back.Results: VAS score was significantly lower in R group (46.2±4.95) as compared to O group (63.7±5.06) (p<0.01) in acute phase of nausea and vomiting indicating level of satisfaction higher in R group. Similarly, in delayed and overall phase R group (49.57±14.63 and 48.9±12.91 respectively) experienced lower range of scoring on VAS scale as compared to O group (63.0±8.49 and 63.10±7.38 respectively). The difference was statistically significant (p<0.01).Conclusions: Level of overall satisfaction of the patients in R group was significantly higher as compared to O group in patients receiving the two drugs for prevention of nausea and vomiting caused by cisplatin chemotherapy in head and neck cancer patients.
A study of prescription pattern in the drug therapy of acne vulgaris at a tertiary care hospital in Mangalore, India
Authors: M. Pooja , Holla Rajendra , B. S. Girisha , A. Puneeth
Published: December 2017

Background: Acne Vulgaris is the most common skin disorder of the pilosebaceous unit with excess sebum production, follicular epidermal hyperproliferation, inflammation and Propionibacterium acnes activity, affecting about 80% of teenagers and has considerable psychological and social consequences and physical disability. Use of established topical and oral drugs assumes paramount importance in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Therefore, periodic auditing of prescription is necessary to increase therapeutic benefit and decrease adverse effects. Aim and objectives of the study was to evaluate the pattern of prescription and its rationale in the drug therapy of acne vulgaris. To monitor the adverse effects, if any.Methods: A prospective, hospital based, observational study. Data was collected for a period of 1 year from January 2015 to December 2015 from the outpatient records in the OPD of Dermatology at Justice K.S. Hegde Charitable Hospital, Deralakatte, Mangalore, in a specifically designed proforma.Results: The prescription data of 346 patients were analyzed of which 45.1% were males with an average age of 21.94±0.3 years. Among the four grades of Acne Vulgaris, Grade II (53.17%) was more prevalent followed by Grade I (26.58%), Grade III (13.87%) and Grade IV (6.35%). The number of drugs prescribed for topical use was 514 of which the most commonly prescribed drugs were Benzoyl Peroxide (19.46%), a combination of Tretinoin and Clindamycin (17.12%), Tretinoin alone (12.45%), Clindamycin alone (10.51%) etc. The number of drugs prescribed for systemic use was 98 consisting of Doxycycline (55.1%), Azithromycin (34.7%), Isotretinoin (6.12%) and Erythromycin (4.08%).Conclusions: There was rationality in most of the prescriptions giving no scope for polypharmacy.
Evaluation of antidiabetic activity of fruit of Coriandrum sativum. Linn methanolic extract in Streptozocin induced diabetic wistar Albino rats
Authors: K. Ahmed S. , Cheekavolu Chakrapani , D. Sampath , M. Sunil
Published: December 2017

Background: Diabetes prevalence is estimated to increase annually. Numerous people use traditional medicine, such as India also considered as the diabetic capital in the world. Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by disturbances in lipid, carbohydrate and protein metabolism. The present study to evaluate the antidiabetic potential of coriandrum sativum. linn fruits methanolic extract in streptozocin induced diabetic wistar albino rats model.Methods: Diabetes induction in wistar albino rats by administration of streptozocin (50mg/kg, i.p.) in citrate buffer. 30 wistar albino rats were divided into 5 groups (A, B, C, D, E). Group A: served as normal control, whereas Group B: diabetic control, Group C, D methanolic coriandrum sativum Linn. fruits extract (CSFME) at a dose of 100, 200mg/kg orally, Group E was given standard drug Glibenclamide (0.5mg/kg) orally. All groups are administered for the period of 14 consecutive days and blood sugar levels was measured at regular intervals up to end of the study.Results: This present research study confirms that the test drug compound CSFME has sustained oral hypoglycaemic activity and statistically significant (p ≤0.05) and which is comparable with standard drug Glibenclamide.Conclusions: This research study confirms that the CSFME has antidiabetic activity against streptozocin induced wistar diabetic albino rats. It could be a novel antidiabetic agent and also a dietary adjunct in the type 2 diabetes management and its complication. Further studies are necessary required to confirm the antidiabetic activity of individual phytochemical compounds of Coriandrum sativum.
Usage of lipid-lowering drugs such as atorvastatin and rosuvastatin in the management of hyperlipidemia in multiple vessel wall block patients
Authors: R. Sivaraj , S. Umarani
Published: December 2017

Background: Multi-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD) is a disease stage in which at least two or three of the epicardial coronary arteries is involved with atherosclerosis of significant severity. The multi-vessel disease is often associated with a higher burden of comorbidities, left ventricular dysfunction, and cardiovascular risk. Dyslipidaemia is the commonest cause of the blood vessel diseases and their incidence has been rising all over the world thereby increasing the morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases. Dyslipidaemia is also one of the component of metabolic syndrome along with another group of cardiovascular risk factors such as high blood pressure (BP), abdominal obesity, and insulin intolerance, whose concurrent appearance increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. To compare the efficacy of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin in the management of hyperlipidaemia. To compare the dose-related efficacy of statins on lipid goal achievement in patients with hyperlipidaemia.Methods: This prospective, randomized, single-blinded interventional study was conducted for a period of 1 year [2014-1015] in medicine OPD in Rajah Muthiah Medical College and Hospital. A total number of 100 patients with diagnosed multiple vessel blocks were included in this study. Among them, 50 patients were randomized to group A. 50 patients were selected to group B. 50 patients of the group A are treated with Atorvastatin up 10 mg once daily for 8 weeks. 50 patients of group B were treated with Rosuvastatin up to 10mg/day. For 8 weeks the results were analysed accordingly.Results: Even though both rosuvastatin 10mg/day and atorvastatin 10mg/day produced a reduction in total cholesterol (p<0.001) significantly, rosuvastatin produced a reduction in LDL levels (p<0.001) more significantly than atorvastatin 10mg/day.Conclusions: Rosuvastatin produces a greater reduction in serum LDL-C levels and should, therefore, be preferred over atorvastatin. Both the treatment regimens significantly decreased TC, TG, LDL C, VLDL C, but the reduction was more and statistically significant in Rosuvastatin when compared with atorvastatin-treated group at the end of 8 weeks.
Fluoxetine enhances maximal electroshock seizure threshold in Albino rat model when compared to phenytoin
Authors: Gangopadhyay Tanmoy , Mandal Ananya , Keshri Uma Shanker
Published: December 2017

Background: Individuals with epilepsy have a higher incidence of psychiatric disorders than person without epilepsy. Epidemiological studies have shown that the co-morbidity of epilepsy and depression to be high as 50%. The conventional anti-depressants are believed to lower the seizure threshold making it difficult to treat the co-morbid depression, but animal studies have shown SSRIs, a common anti-depressant, to have anti-convulsant properties. So, we propose to study the anticonvulsant effects of fluoxetine, a SSRI, in albino rats against maximal electroshock seizure and to compare against a standard antiepileptic drug phenytoin.Methods: The anticonvulsant effect of fluoxetine was observed in model of maximal electroconvulsive seizure threshold in albino rats. The animals were divided into 3 groups having 6 animals each, receiving distilled water, fluoxetine and phenytoin respectively. The drugs were given orally, and the effect was observed on day 7, 14 and 21. Tonic hind-limb extension was taken as the parameter of electroshock seizure. The effects were compared against a standard anti-seizure drug phenytoin.Results: Fluoxetine showed significant elevation of the seizure threshold following 14 days of administration (P value 0.031). The effect was comparable to phenytoin with no significant difference after 7, 14 and 21 days of treatment (P-value 0.485, 0.699 and 0.818 respectively) though phenytoin showed significant anti-seizure effect since day 7 of treatment.Conclusions: Fluoxetine showed significant anti-seizure activity against electroconvulsive seizure in albino rats.
Adverse drug reactions in the department of dermatology at a tertiary care hospital: a prospective study
Authors: Sowmyanarayan Sujatha , K. A. Rajeshwari , Banerjee Swati
Published: December 2017

Background: To study cutaneous adverse drug reactions with regard to their clinical pattern. etiology, causality and severity.Methods: It was a prospective study undertaken in a 300 bedded tertiary care hospital. Patients with cutaneous ADRs presenting in Dermatology OPD were studied. Causality and severity of the adverse drug reactions were analysed and other parameters such as gender wise distribution of the ADRs and types of ADR were studied.Results: 35 cases of ADRs were enrolled for the study in the duration of Sept.2016 to May 2017. The majority of the patients were in the age group of 21-30 years (37.14%). The most common CADRs were Acne vulgaris (22.86%), followed by Fixed Drug eruption (11.43%) and Tinea cruris (8.57%). The most common class of drugs causing ADRs were topical steroids (64%), followed by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (14.29%).Conclusions: Female preponderance was seen. Topical steroids were the most offending drug followed by Diclofenac Sodium, the analgesic. Causality assessment showed a high score of Certain category. These variations may be explained by variations in drug usage patterns. The knowledge of the adverse drug reactions and the drugs causing them is essential for the clinician so that the choice of drug therapy can be made keeping these adverse drug reactions in mind.
Antipsychotics in schizophrenia: a retrospective study of drug utilization pattern in outpatient department of psychiatry at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Patted Usharani H. , G. Hema N. , Nagaraj Anil Kumar Mysore
Published: December 2017

Background: Psychiatric disorders are one of the major causes of morbidity and the burden of illness is enormous and remains grossly under represented. Psychotropic drugs have had a remarkable impact in psychiatric practice. Currently a large number of atypical antipsychotics available in the market are endorsed as better options for treating schizophrenia than the typical antipsychotics. The main objective of the study was to find the commonly prescribed antipsychotics in schizophrenia patients in a tertiary care center.Methods: After Institutional Ethics Committee approval, a retrospective cross-sectional drug utilization study of 400 prescriptions was under taken from 1st July 2015 to 30th July 2016 in the outpatient department of psychiatry of a tertiary care hospital. The prescribing pattern of antipsychotics in schizophrenia patients (N=107) was measured.Results: Out of 400 cases in the outpatient department, schizophrenia cases were predominant (N=107 i.e. 27%) out of which 42.1% were females and 57.9% were males. This was followed by mood disorders and neurotic & somatoform disorders. The most common antipsychotic used was olanzapine followed by risperidone. Least commonly used antipsychotic was haloperidol. Most of the patients who received risperidone also received an anticholinergic trihexyphenidyl (91.8%).Conclusions: Olanzapine and risperidone are the most commonly used antipsychotics. Anticholinergics should be used only in selected patients on antipsychotics as tolerance develops to extrapyramidal side effects. Anticholinergics are unnecessary after 3-6 months in all except 10% of patients. Moreover, it has its own side effects and adversely interacts with antipsychotics.
Evaluation of efficacy of Carica papaya leaf extracts to increase platelet count in hydroxyurea induced thrombocytopenia in Albino rats
Authors: Kumar M. Santhosh , M. Geetha , Shah Mansi J. , Goyal Malvika , L. D. Srinivas
Published: December 2017

Background: Dengue is an infectious disease associated with high mortality and morbidity. Being a viral disease, there is no specific drug available for treatment. There are some reports that Carica papaya leaf extract may improve the clinical condition of dengue patients. However, to support this, at present, there is no systematically searched and synthesized evidence available. Hence this study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of commercial preparation of Carica papaya leaves with freshly prepared Carica papaya leaf extracted.Methods: 48 albino rats were randomly divided into eight groups of six each. Thrombocytopenia was induced by giving hydroxyurea (15mg/kg) orally. Group I and II served as saline and toxic control group respectively. Other six groups were given two different doses of either commercial extract or fresh extract orally for five days. 1ml of blood was withdrawn at baseline,3rd and 6th day of the study. Platelet, WBC, RBC count, clotting and bleeding time were determined.Results: Mean platelet count increased significantly on day 6 in both low dose (2.06 to 4.93lakh/mm3) and human equivalent dose (2.73 to 7.66lakh/mm3) of commercial extract groups compared to the toxic control group (p<0.05). Similarly, the mean platelet count increased significantly for human equivalent dose in fresh leaf extract group (3.17 to 4.69lakh/mm3) but the increase in low dose fresh extract (3.28 to 3.76lakh/mm3) was not significant. There was no significant rise in mean platelets count, mean RBC count, WBC count, decrease in mean bleeding and clotting time between commercial extract and fresh leaf extract group for both low dose and human equivalent dose.Conclusions: Efficacy of fresh leaf extract of Carica papaya was not inferior to commercial available preparation. Fresh Carica papaya leaf extract no doubt offers a potential therapeutic efficacy which is cost effective, more affordable and accessible treatment in patients with thrombocytopenia.
Amlodipine drug therapeutic failure: a rare case report
Authors: Thakkar Kandarp K. , Shah Kartik , Rana Devang , Malhotra Supriya D. , Patel Pankaj R.
Published: December 2017

Drug Therapeutic failure is a rare condition which is underreported in recent scenario. It is important for the chronic diseases like Hypertension where it could lead to fatal outcome. In our case report elderly male patient taking tablet Amlodipine once daily as antihypertensive medication and had 2 years without any events. Patient came to the emergency department with the complaint of altered sensorium and elevated blood pressure. The mechanism for sudden increase in blood pressure (Decreased Therapeutic Response) in patient with ongoing treatment with amlodipine could be due to sympathetic over activity (e.g. stress), pharmacokinetic variation or counterfeit drug.
Considering lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentration in nasal-wash (NW) as a marker in evaluating the outcome of patients with bronchiolitis
Authors: M. Barak , M. Mirzarahimi , F. Amani , Y. Ghaemian , Ahadi Adel
Published: December 2017

Background: Estimation of bronchiolitis severity in infants is still an important issue and there are no standard methods to help physicians for better evaluation and management of clinical status of these patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the role LDH concentration in NW as a biomarker in evaluation the outcome of patients suffering bronchiolitis in Bu Ali Hospital, Ardabil.Methods: 100 children with bronchiolitis aged below 2 years entered the study. Nasal wash sample was extracted from all patients using 2 ml of normal saline. Samples were sent to laboratory to measure LDH level. Data were analyzed by statistical methods in SPSS.16.Results: The mean age of patients was 6.9±3.7 months and 57% of them were male. 42% of patients had mild bronchiolitis and 58% of them suffered from severe bronchiolitis. The LDH level of nasal wash fluid was neither related with gender nor with age. But it was significantly lower in patients who required oxygen therapy and had fever compared with those who did not require oxygen therapy and without fever. Moreover, LDH level showed a significant negative association with hospital stay (r= -0.570, p<0.001) and bronchiolitis severity (r= -0.440, p<0.001) in a way that its concentration was significantly lower in patients with hospital stay longer than 24 hours compared with hospital stay shorter than 24 hours, and in patients with severe bronchiolitis compared with mild bronchiolitis.Conclusions: According to results of this study, LDH measurement in nasal wash fluid can be used as a biochemical marker to evaluate clinical outcomes of bronchiolitis in children younger than 24 months.
Study of impact of JSSK scheme on institutional deliveries and maternal mortality rate: Visakhapatnam district Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Revu Subhashini , Kodali Venkata Ramana , Dongabanti Hemalata Devi
Published: December 2017

Background: To study the impact of JSSK scheme on institutional deliveries in Visakhapatnam district, A.P. To assess the awareness among the target population (i.e.,) delivered women regarding this programme. To evaluate the trends of MMR in Visakhapatnam district after the start of JSSK programme in 2011.Methods: This is an observational study, in the first phase all the data was collected on total number of deliveries occurred in Visakhapatnam district, A.P from year 2013-14 to 2017-October. This includes all institutional and home deliveries from Visakhapatnam district. Data of MMR and IMR, also collected for the same period. A point survey was done at VGH over a period of a month in October 2017. Total 464 delivered women during this period were given a structured questioner which includes age, parity, SC status, educational status, booked status and awareness about JSSK programme, its source of information and feedback was taken regarding satisfaction towards health services in VGH. Finally, a comparative analysis was done with MMR and IMR status of Visakhapatnam district and AP state with that of India.Results: In this study 87.8% of delivered women at VGH during the study period are unaware of JSSK programme. Level of socio economic status, education and parity played a big role in bringing out the awareness. Most of the awareness comes through anganwadi workers, ANMs and advertisements in media. 98.9% expressed their satisfaction with the health services at VGH.Conclusions: Pregnant women die in India due to a combination of important factors like, poverty, ineffective or unaffordable health services, Visakhapatnam district tops the lists of MMR and IMR in the state of Andhra Pradesh and most important factor effecting the JSSK success is lack of awareness in target population. There is a need to understand more about the individual- and area-level characteristics that contribute to variations in programme achievements. A greater in depth study should be undertaken at community level to analyse each maternal death individually. To achieve target MDG of MMR 100/2020 and IMR 28/2019 state needs to reach the unreached and motivate all needy women specially with low S.E. status towards institutional deliveries by proper campaigning to enlighten them that all maternal and child services including transport are absolutely free.
Assessment of phsychological well-being and prevalence of depressive symptoms amoung young adults with type-1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Jacob Anu Anna , Deodhar Divya
Published: December 2017

Background: Depression in adolescents and young adults with type-1 diabetes mellitus has been associated with poor glycemic control and recurrent hospitalizations. The World Health Organization-Five Well- being index (WHO-5) is a simple, short and positively worded screening method to assess the level of emotional well-being and has been validated for use in adolescents with type-1 diabetes mellitus. Aims and objectives to assess the psychological well-being in adolescents and young adults with type-1 diabetes mellitus using the WHO-5 well-being index. To estimate the prevalence of symptoms of depression in type-1 diabetes mellitus using the major (ICD-10) depression inventory (MDI-ICD-10) of the psychiatric research unit.Methods: Study was a prospective study. Cases were patients with type-1 diabetes mellitus who attended the “Juvenile Diabetic Club” in CMC Ludhiana consisting of children and adolescents. Controls were healthy age matched adolescents within the family of the patients. Informed consent was taken, and they were asked to fill up the structured WHO-5 Well-being index (version 1998) questionnaire and the WHO-Major (ICD-10) Depression Inventory (MDI-ICD-10) questionnaire.Results: 36 patients were chosen for the study. There were 20 boys and 16 girls. 12 (33.3%) patients (diabetic group) had scores indicating poor well- being. P value is 0.0455, statistically significant. Among the healthy control (non- diabetic group), all of them had a scores suggesting good well- being.Conclusions: 33% of the diabetic children are depressed compared to the non-diabetic candidates in whom none are depressed.
Cost benefit analysis of computerized radiography system in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Pimpalwar Yayati , Rao Akhilesh , Shukla Yashasvi
Published: December 2017

Background: Computed radiography (CR) has presently proven to be both efficient and cost effective as against conventional radiography. Cost benefit and cost effectiveness analysis of a newly installed computerized radiography system in comparison with Conventional radiography set-up in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: Costs incurred under major heads were calculated and compared for both Computerized and Conventional radiography systems. A brief survey regarding the overall clinician and patients response towards the newly installed CR system was carried out and results were calculated.Results: CR system proves to be highly efficient tool in the department of radiology to provide not only better quality images and faster means of image acquisition and archiving but also higher rates of satisfaction amongst radiology staff, clinicians and patients. Overall cost-effectiveness as well as the consumer satisfaction of the new technology is good as compared to conventional radiography. CR reduces repetition of images due to artifacts caused by dark room procedures and due to the provision of multiple images on a single film an average reduction in film expenditure. It reduces waiting period for patients and increases level of satisfaction in clinicians working in critical care dept. and A&E dept. due to early processing of urgent films.Conclusions: cost benefit analysis of CR over conventional radiography proved overall running costs are comparable to the conventional system with a breakeven point achievement in a couple of years since installation especially in a high turnover tertiary care health setup.