bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Redistribution of Powers: Interrelation of Federal and Regional Regulation
Authors: Нанба Сария , Nanba Sariya
Published: May 2016

The article investigates the conceptual foundations of local self-government in the Russian Federation. The article analyzes the current status of the legislation on local self-government. The author analyzes in retrospective the limits of participation of the Russian Federation’s constituent entities with regard to local government. A peculiar feature of local government is the expansion of the powers of public authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in regulating the issues of local self-government organization. The article analyzes the legal nature of the redistribution of powers, provides classification of the redistributed powers. The author studies the laws of the Russian Federation governing the redistribution of powers. The author reveals the tendency of the transfer to the regional level of powers, which traditionally deal with local matters. These include the powers to address issues of local importance in organizing funeral services and burial places, disposal and recycling of household and industrial waste, organizing of transport services, forest monitoring, land use planning, and others.
The Role of the Judiciary and International Law in the Process of Secondary Constitutionalization in Russia
Authors: Смирнова Мария , Smirnova Mariya , Торнхилл Кристофер , Tornkhill Kristofer
Published: May 2016

This article is part of the project “Sociology of the Transnational Constitution”, carried out at the University of Manchester under the supervision of Professor Christopher Thornhill. This project is a comparative study of the legislation, case law, social phenomena with the aim to determine the effect of international law in the ongoing process of constitution-building in various countries and, particularly, in Russia. Extensive empirical data collected during the course of the project, results in the formulation of the following three main hypotheses that are discussed in the paper. First, legal accountability of the state to the citizens in Russia is asymmetrically high in comparison with political accountability. Second, there is a clear understanding in Russia that the successful state building depends on the efficiency of the judiciary; to a certain extent, the judiciary becomes the subject, or the main driver of constitutional reforms rather than being their object. Third, targeted and strategic use of international law plays a key role in all elements of the process of secondary constitutionalization, that is, not only in implementation of the constitutional guarantee of human rights protection, but also in the construction of the necessary institutions.
Legal Principles of Family Taxation
Authors: Журавлева Оксана , Zhuravleva Oksana
Published: May 2016

The article focuses on the tax legal basis for family policy realization in Russia. The subject of the research is the principles of family taxation, their definition and implementation in the domestic legislation. Russian tax legislation is based on individual taxation of physical persons’ income. Taxation depends on a family’s status only for tax residents of the RF. There are some deviations in the implementation of the principles of equality and fairness in the tax legislation, which deal with the double deduction and in some situations may cause the infringement of taxpayers’ rights. The comparative analysis of the national Russian tax legislation and the Agreement between EAEU (Eurasian Economic Union) countries shows that national family tax deduction is not applicable to all EAEU residents. In this article, the author also examines the EU experience in this sphere. On the basis of the study, the author concludes that the participation of the RF in EAEU requires harmonization of some tax legislation’s institutions for implementation of the principle of equality in family taxation.
Administrative Prejudice in Criminal Law: Law Enforcement Problems
Authors: Сидоренко Элина , Sidorenko Elina
Published: May 2016

The author analyzes the problem of inclusion in the Russian criminal law of the institute of administrative prejudice. The paper comprises three blocks: assessment of the need to introduce rules on prejudice in the Criminal Code; the timing of bringing persons to administrative responsibility and consideration of private issues of classification of individual components. The aim of the study is to develop scientifically based and up-to-date recommendations for the application of criminal law to administrative prejudice. The author achieves the goal through solving specific problems associated with the beginning of the expiration of the period of limitation for bringing persons to administrative responsibility, revealing differences in understanding by administrative and criminal legal institutions of the concepts of duplicity and recurrence and others. The author proposes the solution of these problems through the use of privatescientific methods of analysis: comparative legal, formal-legal methods, content analysis, and others. The study of court decisions and doctrinal positions on the classification of acts containing administrative prejudice has allowed the author to formulate a number of conclusions regarding the inconsistency of legislative structures of some articles of the Criminal Code. In particular, the use of different approaches to determining the time for bringing a person to administrative responsibility, the absence in Art. 154 and Art. 180 of the Criminal Code of indication on the prejudicial character of the rules etc draw objections. The author pays particular attention to assessing the recurrence of administrative offences and transition of this concept to criminal law relations.
The Impact of E. V. Vaskovskiy’s Ideas on Modern Institutes of Review of Civil Court Rulings
Authors: Шакирьянов Рафаиль , Shakiryanov Rafail
Published: May 2016

The article reveals the impact of the ideas of E. V. Vaskovskiy (1866—1942), the classic author of the Russian civil law and process, on modern institutes of review of civil court rulings in the Russian Federation. The article points out at the topicality of the scientist’s views on such fundamental principles of a civil process as equality of participants, oral and written proceedings, the principle of two instances in modern interpretation of the civil jurisprudence.
Visual impairment and traits of autism in children
Authors: Wrzesińska Magdalena , Kapias Joanna , Nowakowska-Domagała Katarzyna , Kocur Józef
Published: May 2016

Niepełnosprawność wzrokowa doświadczana od urodzenia lub najmłodszych lat życia może prowadzić do zaburzeń emocjonalnych i psychospołecznych. Istnieją doniesienia opisujące obecność symptomów charakterystycznych dla autyzmu u 11-40% dzieci z dysfunkcjami wzroku. Celem pracy jest przedstawienie dotychczasowych wyników badań dotyczących współwystępowania cech autystycznych i niepełnosprawności wzrokowej u dzieci oraz opis wybranych narzędzi do diagnozy autyzmu w tej grupie. Dotychczas nie potwierdzono jednoznacznie związku między zaburzeniami widzenia u dzieci a występowaniem cech autystycznych. W diagnozowaniu psychiatryczno-psychologicznym dzieci z niepełnosprawnością wzrokową istnieją duże trudności w odróżnieniu blindyzmów od cech typowych dla zachowań autystycznych, wynikające m.in. z braku standaryzowanych narzędzi diagnostycznych dostosowanych dla dzieci z niepełnosprawnością wzrokową. Kolejnymi trudnościami, na jakie napotykają praktycy w diagnozowaniu opisywanych problemów to współwystępowanie innych niepełnosprawności w przypadku większości dzieci z dysfunkcją wzroku. Dodatkowo poza trudnościami w diagnozowaniu zaburzeń autystycznych u dzieci z dysfunkcją wzroku pojawiają się pytania, jakie narzędzia wykorzystać w terapii i rehabilitacji tej grupy.
Composition, identity, and emergence
Authors: Calosi Claudio
Published: May 2016

Composition as Identity (CAI) is the thesis that a whole is, strictly and literally, identical to its parts, considered collectively. McDaniel [2008] argues against CAI in that it prohibits emergent properties. Recently Sider [2014] exploited the resources of plural logic and extensional mereology to undermine McDaniel’s argument. He shows that CAI identifies extensionally equivalent pluralities – he calls it the Collapse Principle (CP) – and then shows how this identification rescues CAI from the emergentist argument. In this paper I first give a new generalized version of both the arguments. It is more general in that it does not presuppose an atomistic mereology. I then go on to argue that the consequences of CP are rather radical. It entails mereological nihilism, the view that there are only mereological atoms. I finally show that, given a mild assumption about property instantiation, namely that there are no un-instantiated properties, this argument entails that CAI and emergent properties are incompatible after all.
“The whole is greater than the part.” Mereology in Euclid's Elements
Authors: Robering Klaus
Published: May 2016

The present article provides a mereological analysis of Euclid’s planar geometry as presented in the first two books of his Elements. As a standard of comparison, a brief survey of the basic concepts of planar geometry formulated in a set-theoretic framework is given in Section 2. Section 3.2, then, develops the theories of incidence and order (of points on a line) using a blend of mereology and convex geometry. Section 3.3 explains Euclid’s “megethology”, i.e., his theory of magnitudes. In Euclid’s system of geometry, megethology takes over the role played by the theory of congruence in modern accounts of geometry. Mereology and megethology are connected by Euclid’s Axiom 5: “The whole is greater than the part.” Section 4 compares Euclid’s theory of polygonal area, based on his “Whole-Greater-Than-Part” principle, to the account provided by Hilbert in his Grundlagen der Geometrie. An hypothesis is set forth why modern treatments of geometry abandon Euclid’s Axiom 5. Finally, in Section 5, the adequacy of atomistic mereology as a framework for a formal reconstruction of Euclid’s system of geometry is discussed.
Clinical, hormonal, biochemical and genetic characteristics of 75 patients with hypophosphatemic rickets
Authors: Kulikova Kristina S. , Kolodkina Anna A. , Vasiliev Evgeniy V. , Petrov Vasiliy M. , Gorbach Elena N. , Gofman Fedor F. , Korkin Anatoly Y. , Petrov Michael A. , Kenis Vladimir M. , Tiulpakov Anatoly N.
Published: May 2016

Aim — the present research was aimed at identifying the genetic causes for hr in patients, as well as evaluating the clinical, hormonal and biochemical characteristics of the disease in this group of patients.Material and methods. 75 patients (aged, of 3 months to 57 years; females, n=38; males, n=37) with clinical and radiological findings of rickets, low serum phosphate and low tubular reabsorption of phosphate were included. ‘rickets panel’ genes were sequenced using a custom Ion Ampliseq gene panel and PGM semiconductor sequencer (Ion Torrent). The panel included primers for multiplex amplification of 22 genes associated with genetic calcium metabolism dysfunctions. Bioinformatic analysis was performed using torrent suite (Ion Torrent) and ANNOVAR software packages.Results. Out of the 75 patients 36 were diagnosed with familial form of hr, and 39 probands had sporadic cases. Out clinical characteristics the most widespread symptoms of the disease included: lower limbs malformations since the patients started to walk (94.5%), hypotonia in the first 12 months of life (70.2%), multiple caries (58%). Mutations were identified in 100% of familial and 88,5% of sporadic cases. In 68 probands (90,5%) mutations were detected in PHEX, 40 of which were novel. For familial forms of the disease mutations were discovered in 100% cases, for sporadic — in 82% cases. One subject had both DMP1 and PHEX mutations. No mutations were detected in FGF23, SLC34A1, SLC34A3, SLC9A3R1, ENPP1, CLClCN5 and SLC2A2 genes.Conclusion. The study confirmed predominance of PHEX mutations among the patients with HR. The identification of causative agent is very important for antenatal diagnostics for familial forms of disease and enables well-timed conservative treatment.
Economic and social aspects of growth hormone therapy in children and adults with growth hormone deficiency. Literature review
Authors: Vorontsova Maria V.
Published: May 2016

In the Russian Federation growth hormone therapy (GHT) for children with growth hormone deficient children is funded from the state budget. The clinical effectiveness of GHT with human recombinant growth hormone was proven repeatedly in both world wide and Russian practice. Nevertheless, the economic and financial aspects of this therapy are in need of a detailed analysis. Such an analysis could serve as a possible instrument for well-grounded weighed decisions in the health care sector. One such instrument is a cost-effectiveness analysis, which involves the calculation of cost-effectiveness ratios or incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for determining the economic viability of new medical technologies or programs. Moreover, social aspects of GHT are also of great importance. A physician or a health care manager need to be informed about the effect of any therapy, including GHT, on the patient’s quality of life. While there is an overall agreement about the necessity and positive effect of GHT in children, the question remains somewhat disputable in the case of adult patients with growth hormone deficiency. Both world wide and in Russia there is no uniform agreement as to weather treatment is necessary in all cases of adult growth hormone deficiency, or weather treatment should be subsidized and provided for by the state or other financial resources, or weather GHT has indeed such a profound effect on the patient’s quality of life. The present article reviews the state of discussion around these questions to date for both children and adult patients. Available data on the cost-effectiveness analyses of GHT from several countries is highlighted and the effects of GHT on the quality of life are reviewed.
Welding cooling rate effects on microstructure of an API 5l x100 steel
Authors: De Freitas Diego , Machado Ivan , Mazzaferro José , Gonzalez Arnaldo , Mazzaferro Cintia
Published: May 2016

The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of five different cooling rates on properties of weld metal (WM) and heat affected zone (HAZ) of an API 5L X100 steel welded by GMAW. Bead on pipe (BOP) welds were made on 100x300 mm sections of a 15.8 mm thickness and 580 mm outside diameter API 5L X100 pipe, through five preheat temperatures (-30, 34, 100, 150 and 200 °C), aiming to obtain different cooling rates. Thermocouples were used to obtain the cooling time from 800 to 500 ºC (Δt8/5) during welding. The microstructures of base metal (BM) and HAZ were analyzed by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Hardness measurements were made on the BOP welds in order to identify maximum and minimum values. As expected, due to the different cooling rates during welding, the distinct preheat temperatures have influenced the weld properties. Maximum and minimum HAZ microhardness, and weld metal hardness decrease as the preheat temperature increases. HAZ area, grain size of fine grained HAZ and coarse grained HAZ increase with increasing preheat temperature.
A process for the development of a psychosocial educational programme to facilitate the reintegration of incarcerated women who had dumped babies and / or committed infanticide in Namibia
Authors: Sumpi Ndempavali , Amukugo Hans Justus
Published: May 2016

The aim of this paper is to describe the steps/process used to develop a psychosocial educational programme to facilitate the reintegration of incarcerated women who had dumped babies and / or committed infanticide in Namibia. This process was done in four phases namely Phase 1, was carried out to explore and describe the lived experiences of women who had dumped and / or committed infanticide. The researcher used in-depth unstructured individual interviews for data collection and data was analysed by using Techâ€™s method of qualitative data analysis. Phase 2, focuses on the conceptualisation framework guided the development of a psychosocial educational programme that facilitated the reintegration process of women who had dumped and / or committed infanticide. The educational programme included the activities suggested in the survey list of Dickoff et al. (1968); namely, agent, recipient, context, dynamics, procedures, and terminus. Phase 3, focused on the development of a psychosocial educational programme to facilitate the reintegration process of women who had dumped their babies and / or committed infanticide. The survey list of Dickoff et al. (1968) was adopted as a reasoning map in the construction of the development of a psychosocial educational programme, as well as the findings of the situational analysis of this study. And Phase 4, focused on the implementation and evaluation of the psychosocial educational programme that was developed to facilitate the reintegration of incarcerated women who had dumped babies and / or committed infanticide. A three-day training workshop was held at the Oluno Correctional Facility to conduct the educational programme. The educational programme was evaluated in order to validate whether the programme interventions were likely to bring about the desired change among the participants.A process for the development of a psychosocial educational programme to facilitate the reintegration of incarcerated women who had dumped babies and / or committed infanticide in Namibia
Utilização de produtos naturais da região do Xingu em experimentos didáticos para o ensino de Química Orgânica
Authors: LACERDA JADSON ROBÉRIO LEAL DE , REIS RIVALDO PEREIRA , SANTOS MARCOS ANTONIO BARROS DOS
Published: May 2016

A experimentação e a contextualização no ensino de Química são aliadas no processo de ensino – aprendizagem, por facilitar e motivar os alunos na compreensão dos conteúdos e também por ajudar a desenvolver a capacidade de compreender os fenômenos químicos presente em seu dia – a – dia. O emprego de aulas práticas experimentais torna – se uma estratégia didática importante para o processo de construção de conhecimento científico estimulando assim o caráter investigativo do aluno, vale ressaltar a importância da teoria com a prática para construção do conhecimento. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida na E.E.E.M Polivalente, no município de Altamira – PA com a turma do 3º ano do ensino médio turno da tarde. A prática foi realizada com a presença de 30 (trinta) alunos e dividida em 03 (três) momentos; aula dialogada e participativa onde foram introduzidos os conceitos facilitadores na aprendizagem de compostos Químicos, uma atividade experimental utilizando materiais de fácil acesso e de baixo custo na construção de um extrator artesanal para a extração de óleo essencial da planta Alfavaca (Ocimum Basilicum L.), e a aplicação de um questionário com o intuito de verificar a aprendizagem por parte dos estudantes. Os resultados permitiram perceber a interferência do ensino formal quando se pretende mediar aprendizagens por descoberta e em que medida a experimentação pode tornar a aprendizagem significativa. Diante dos resultados obtidos com a experiência em sala de aula com os alunos conclui que apesar dos professores acharem a experimentação um recurso importante para o processo de ensino aprendizagem eles poucos utilizam essa prática. [SP1]Usar fonte Times New Roman Resumo, tamanho 10.
A contribuição da Creche Seara para uma alimentação saudável de crianças de 1 a 5 anos, no município de Santarém, Pará, Brasil
Authors: De Almeida Lacildo Silva , Dos Santos Maria do Rozário Costa , Da Silva Saiara Conceição De Jesus , Neves Paulo Alexandre Panarra , Da Hora Neriane Nascimento
Published: May 2016

O estudo foi desenvolvido em uma instituição que tem como objetivo melhorar a qualidade de vida das crianças, especialmente daquelas cujas famílias se encontram em situação de vulnerabilidade social, a creche Centro Educacional João de Barro (CEJB) mantido pela Associação Santarena de Estudos e Aproveitamento dos Recursos da Amazônia (Seara), no município de Santarém, Pará. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo descrever as ações educativas, sócio- culturais e pedagógicas desenvolvidas no CEJB e identificar o perfil dos voluntários/ profissionais atuantes na creche. Quanto à metodologia, a pesquisa é um estudo de caso, de enfoque quanti-qualitativo, na qual se utilizou de observação, entrevista semi-estruturada com profissionais que atuam na creche, como diretora, coordenadoras, professores e nutricionista, e posteriormente, aplicação de um questionário destinado a 23 voluntários para conhecer melhor os trabalhos realizados na creche, bem como as práticas educativas desenvolvidas. A equipe de funcionários é ampla e diversificada, dentre os voluntários, destaca-se a participação dos pais, os integrantes da ONG denominada “Amigos da Alemanha” e um nutricionista. Constatou-se a importância da integração das instituições de ensino com as famílias das crianças para o desenvolvimento de práticas de promoção a saúde. Portanto, as ações educativas sobre alimentação saudável  desenvolvidas pela creche estão  contribuindo no combate as deficiências e carências alimentares de várias crianças de baixa renda das crianças atendidas pela creche, bem como na orientação dos pais e responsáveis das crianças que são atendidas para continuidades de boas práticas alimentares em casa.
O uso da modelagem representacional do sistema digestório e respiratório no ensino de ciências como ferramenta pedagógica: perspectiva para uma aprendizagem significativa no ensino fundamental
Authors: Portal Gomes Paulo Weslem , Modesto Julielson E Silva , Portal Gomes Paulo Wender , De Souza Ronilson Freitas , Martins Junior Alcindo Da Silva
Published: May 2016

A modelagem como ferramenta didática tem por finalidade proporcionar a aprendizagem significativa e prazerosa. Assim, este trabalho objetivou o ensino do sistema digestório e respiratório por meio da modelagem representacional no intuito de colaborar com a aprendizagem dos discentes. O trabalho foi realizado no dia 8 de abril de 2015, com a turma de 8º ano, em uma escola pública municipal de Salvaterra, arquipélago do Marajó, Pará. No primeiro momento, foi aplicado um questionário acerca do conhecimento da turma sobre modelagem, na qual 94% disseram não ter conhecimento. Com isso, foi feita breve introdução do assunto a ser abordado, logo após a turma foi dividida em duas equipes (A e B), em que fizeram a montagem dos modelos a partir das peças (cada peça representando um órgão) que lhe foram repassadas. Além disso, foi feita dinâmica de perguntas diretas sobre o assunto aos grupos, onde a equipe. A ganhou com maior número de acertos. As questões foram discutidas com o intento de não haver dúvidas. Ao final, foram aplicados dois questionários, um sobre a importância da modelagem na disciplina de ciências e outro sobre um conceito avaliativo do trabalho, 96% e 60% foi de resultados positivos, respectivamente. A maioria dos discentes conseguiram compreender as informações oferecidas por meio do recurso pedagógico aplicado, pois as equipes não tiveram dificuldades para montar os modelos, o que quebra os paradigmas de sala de aula e enaltece o uso da modelagem representacional no ensino de ciências para uma aprendizagem significativa.
Cognitive competence: a key positive youth development construct for university students
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Yu Lu
Published: May 2016

Cognitive competence is an important quality for effective leaders. To help university students understand the importance of cognitive competence and develop this quality, a lecture on cognitive competence is designed and incorporated in a general education subject entitled “Tomorrow’s Leaders”. The present paper reviews the basic concepts and theories of cognitive competence and outlines its linkages with positive youth development and effective leadership. The objectives, intended learning outcomes for students, lecture outline, and related materials of the lecture on cognitive competence are introduced. Some teaching and learning issues in relation to this lecture are also discussed.
Riding on a roller coaster: personal reflections of teaching a subject on leadership and intrapersonal development
Authors: Leung Janet T.Y.
Published: May 2016

A university subject on leadership and intrapersonal development was delivered during the academic year of 2012–2013 to the first-year university students. The teacher taught four classes of a total of 268 undergraduate students coming from four different disciplines. The teacher shares her experience in teaching the subject with reference to the stages of forming, storming, norming and performing that the students had gone through. Personal reflections on teaching the subject as well as perceived benefits to the students are also highlighted. The teacher deeply reflects on the essence of university education in the cultivation of the leadership and intrapersonal attributes of the students. In facing the growing trend of “McDonaldization” and commercialization of university education, a general education subject that emphasizes the intrapersonal and interpersonal qualities of the students, and fosters the holistic development of the students is essential in university education.
The Quadratic Hazard Rate Power Series Distribution
Authors: Roozegar Rasool , Nadarajah Saralees
Published: May 2016

Okasa et al. (Okasha, H. M., Kayid, M., Abouammoh, M. A., and Elbatal, I., “A New Family of Quadratic Hazard Rate Geometric Distributions with Reliability Applications,” J Test. Eval., Vol. 44, No. 5, 2015, JTE20150116 [DOI: 10.1520/JTE20150116] introduced the novel quadratic hazard rate geometric distribution. Here, we introduced a generalization containing Okasha et al.’s distribution as a particular case. The generalization was shown to be more flexible by reanalyzing the real data set in Okasha et al. and another real data set.
Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Polyisobutilene Additives to Mineral Oil on Cooling Characteristics
Authors: Lohvynenko P. N. , Moskalenko A. A. , Kobasko N. I. , Karsim L. O. , Riabov S. V.
Published: May 2016

Results of an experimental study of the effect of polyisobutilene additives to mineral oils I-20A, I-12A, and I-8A on their cooling characteristics are provided. It is shown that a small amount of the polyisobutilene oligomer in mineral oil I-20A (3 %) can completely eliminate a film-boiling process during the quenching of steel parts and make a significantly shorter period of film-boiling during quenching in oils I-12A and I-8A. In this case, a surface of steel parts is cooled intensively and constantly, the part distortion is minimal, and hardness is greater and more consistent. The results of the study were applied to bearing products produced by the Svenska Kullagerfabriken AB (SKF) bearing plant (Lutsk, Ukraine).
La familia Chamidae (Bivalvia: Venerida) en Perú, con la adición de cinco nuevos registros
Authors: Cardoso Franz , Paredes Carlos , Mogollón Valentín , Palacios Eduardo
Published: May 2016

Se revisan las especies de la familia Chamidae en el Perú, la cual está constituida por once especies, distribuidas en los géneros Arcinella Schumacker, 1817 y Chama Linnaeus, 1758. Se registra por primera vez a Chama frondosa Broderip, 1835, Chama granti (Strong, 1934), Chama hicksi Valentich-Scott & Coan, 2010, Chama janus Reeve, 1847 y Chama producta Broderip, 1835. Se describen las especies y se proporciona datos sobre su distribución, ecología y otras observaciones relevantes.
Contribución a la flora altoandina del distrito de Oyón, región Lima, Perú
Authors: Kahn Francis , Millán Betty , Cano Asunción , La Torre María Isabel , Baldeón Severo , Beltrán Hamiltón , Trinidad Huber , Castillo Susy , Machahua Miguel
Published: May 2016

En este trabajo se presenta el inventario de plantas vasculares de montaña alta (altitudes de 4000 a 4810 m) del noreste del distrito de Oyón, región Lima, Perú. Las colectas se realizaron durante los periodos marzo a mayo de 2014 y de 2015, y setiembre a noviembre de 2014. Se encontraron 47 familias, 112 géneros y 181 especies, de las cuales 94 no estaban registradas para la región Lima. Se presenta la lista de todas las especies encontradas con referencia a los colectores, número de colecta y altitud de colecta. Se argumenta la necesidad de multiplicar los inventarios botánicos locales que permitirían conocer mejor la diversidad de la flora, la distribución de las especies, y los endemismos en la vegetación altoandina.
‘Intralingual translation’: A desirable concept?
Authors: Mossop Brian
Published: May 2016

There has recently been an upsurge of articles about 'intralingual translation': producing a version of a medical document that will be suitable for a lay readership or updating the language of classic literary texts. It is argued here that updating and dialect rewording are really instances of interlingual work, while preparing plain-language derived texts for lay readerships is so different from interlingual work that the word ‘translation’ should not be used. Such intralingual work differs procedurally, formally and in particular functionally from interlingual work. The main function of those preparing such texts is to explain or to make a text more readable, whereas most translators spend most of their time engaged in ‘equivalencing’: producing a target-language wording which they think means more or less the same as the corresponding passage in the source text. Translating is best seen as invariance-oriented work between languages, with non-equivalencing activities playing a minor though important role. Intralingual work on the contrary is varianceoriented; such work would be pointless if the aim was to preserve the style and the detailed denotative meaning of the source. Among the topics discussed are paraphrasing, editing, respeaking, repeating and intralingual reported discourse. The article concludes with a discussion of why the title question matters.
Do first impressions matter? The effect of first impressions on the assessment of the quality of simultaneous interpreting
Authors: Becerra Olalla García
Published: May 2016

The aim of this study is to gauge the opinion of potential users of simultaneous interpretation (SI) services as to the impact of first impressions (FI) on their assessment of the quality of SI, and the grounds on which these impressions are based. The investigation had two parts. The first part aims at testing if the opinions formed by users about an interpreter during the first listen affect their final assessment of his/her work and if there are a number of specific criteria which to a greater or lesser extent help to form these opinions. The second part focuses on making a vertical analysis of FI by assessing the relative importance that the users give a priori to the different aspects that help to form these impressions within the field of interpreting. A high proportion of the sample population acknowledged that they had formed a first impression of the interpreters they had listened to and accepted that it had influenced their assessment. They also stated that nonverbal aspects were responsible for these impressions. The vertical analysis has shown that in different situations users adopt different approaches when assessing the relative importance of a range of criteria in impression formation processes.
A ministernotomia szerepe az aortabillentyű-sebészetben
Authors: Bari Gábor , Csepregi László , Bitay Miklós , Bogáts Gábor
Published: May 2016

Introduction: Minimal access aortic valve replacement plays a significant role in modern cardiac surgery. The technical evolution of aortic bioprostheses, particularly sutureless valves, leads to simplify minimal access aortic valve surgery and it allows easier implantation in a narrow work field with the need of less manipulation. Aim: The aim of this study is to summarize the historical and technical aspects of minimal access aortic valve replacement, especially concentrating on sutureless valves, and to present data of own patients of the authors. Method: Pre- and post-operative data of 13 minimal access aortic replacement cases who were operated at the Deparment of Cardiac Sugery at the University of Szeged are summarized. Results and conclusions: As compared to full sternotomy, minimal access aortic surgery is safe, and it does not require special instrumentation. It is technically more demanding but it can be learned quickly, and the overall pre- and post-operative results are not worse with the benefit of less pain and superior cosmetics. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(23), 901–904.
Transient Thermoelectric Cooling of thin Film Devices
Authors: Ravi Kumar A. , Yang R.G. , Chen G. , Fleurial J.-P.
Published: May 2016

We report theoretical analysis for the transient thermal response of thermoelectric (TE) element and the integrated thin-film devices. It is predicted that the TE element geometry and applied current pulse shape influences the transient response of the system. Analysis for the integrated systems shows that the transient response is affected by the effusivity of the attached mass. This analysis provides a means to examine the effectiveness of thermal management of the thin-film devices, particularly semiconductor lasers, using the transient mode operation of thermoelectric coolers, and also suggests geometry constraints and optimum pulse shapes for an integrated system.
UCT Author-date Reference Guide: based on the Harvard Referencing style
Authors:   University of Cape Town Libraries, de Jager Karin , Steele Dianne
Published: May 2016

An important characteristic of academic writing is the acknowledgement of other writers’ words or creations through citing and referencing all sources of information used. Citing is the practice of quoting from, or referring to other writers’ works and ideas in one’s own text. Referencing is the listing of the full details of the publications that have been cited, so that the reader can find the original sources. Citing and referencing have long been regarded as indicators of academic writing. This guide will facilitate the learning and understanding of the UCT Author-date referencing style, with practical examples from a wide variety of sources.
Relaciones alométricas de 19 especies de árboles de la selva alta perennifolia
Authors: Báez-Hernández Arturo , Herrera-Meza Grecia , Vázquez-Torres Mario , Aquino-Bolaños Elia Nora , Martínez Armando J.
Published: May 2016

Tree architecture is an important component that determines height and canopy cover, traits that allow species to explore the vertical and horizontal gradients of the forest canopy. In this study, we compared the allometry of 19 tree species of evergreen tropical forests of Mexico. We evaluated maximum tree height, maximum tree cover, and evaluated their variation between species by allometry. The trunk diameter at breast height, height and average cover showed differences between species. The average trunk diameter at breast height vs. height and average tree canopy cover was linearly related and the height vs. average coverage. Interspecific allometry of the diameter-height and diameter-coverage showed the different coefficients of association and trajectories of size tree species under the canopy. The maximum tree height of trees was also associated with the maximum tree cover of the crown, which explains part of the functional differences between species in terms of the costs and benefits of investment in vertical and horizontal growth of trees. Also, distribution of height and cover sizes was disproportionally represented in the 15-25 m height range and we only found few dominant species in the upper canopy. The size and architecture of the 19 tree species reflected the different strategies of growth on the vertical and horizontal gradients and their coexistence in the evergreen forest.
Análisis de la estructura poblacional como indicador rápido del estado de conservación de especies arbóreas amenazadas. El caso de Resinanthus aromaticus en el centro de Veracruz, México
Authors: Palacios-Wassenaar Olivia , Castillo-Campos Gonzalo , Vázquez-Torres Santiago Mario
Published: May 2016

Para estimar de manera rápida el estado de conservación de una especie arbórea amenazada, se evaluó la densidad y estructura poblacional en categorías de tamaño de R. aromaticus , un árbol maderable endémico en peligro de extinción, en un área de 0.67 ha, distribuidas en cinco sitios de estudio en el centro de Veracruz. La estructura poblacional se analizó utilizando tres enfoques: el ajuste a la curva lognormal, la proporción de juveniles vs adultos, y el coeficiente de asimetría de la distribución en tamaños de la población. La comparación de los coeficientes de asimetría de la estructura poblacional resultó ser el método más adecuado para identificar la población en mejor estado de conservación en comparación con las que están afectadas por actividades antrópicas, principalmente extracción selectiva. Los resultados de este trabajo indican que la densidad poblacional de R. aromaticus presenta una reducción de 57% con relación a estudios previos y que el análisis del coeficiente de asimetría de la distribución en tamaños de la población podría emplearse como un método rápido para identificar si ésta se encuentra amenazada. De acuerdo con los criterios del Libro Rojo de la IUCN, esta especie debe mantenerse en la categoría “en peligro de extinción”.
Population genetic structure of an extremely logged tree species Guaiacum sanctum L. in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico
Authors: Oyama Ken , Martínez-Ramos Miguel , Peñaloza-Ramírez Juan Manuel , Rocha-Ramírez Víctor , Armenta-Medina Esmeralda G. , Hernández-Soto Paulina
Published: May 2016

Habitat disturbance in tropical forests has affected the viability of several tree species. In Mexico, populations of Guaiacum sanctum have disappeared in some regions due to a strong habitat reduction which could endanger the genetic diversity and connectivity of remnant populations. In this study, 17 populations from the Yucatán Peninsula were analyzed with seven nuclear microsatellites. Several parameters describing the genetic diversity were estimated. The genetic structure was evaluated using Bayesian cluster analysis. Population bottlenecks, effective population size, and genetic connectivity were estimated. Populations of G. sanctum showed high values of genetic diversity. Two genetic groups with contrasting distributions were detected, the first one located in northern Yucatán and Quintana Roo and the second, in southern Campeche. Evidence of population bottleneck was detected only for Campeche populations. Also, we found indications of significant levels of inbreeding and a low effective population size. The connectivity analysis revealed exchange among populations of G. sanctum but the habitat fragmentation may act to impede gene flow, contributing to the division observed between clusters. This genetic differentiation was possibly caused by environmental pressures, although effects of historical extensive logging practices occurred in southern Mexico during the last few decades cannot be discarded. Fragmentation has a negative effect on ecosystem services and on the availability of favorable sites for seedling establishment, which could disturb pollination and dispersion processes, modifying in the long term the effective population size.
Climate change threats to two low-lying South African coastal towns: Risks and perceptions
Authors: Fitchett Jennifer M. , Grant Bronwyn , Hoogendoorn Gijsbert
Published: May 2016

Climate change poses a considerable threat to low-lying coastal towns. Possible risks include flooding induced by sea-level rise, increased discomfort from changes in temperature and precipitation, more frequent extreme events, biodiversity shifts, and water shortages. For coastal towns that attract many tourists, these threats can have far-reaching economic effects and may compromise the continued viability of the tourism sector. A growing number of studies are being published on the inter-relationship between climate change and tourism in the global North. As yet, little equivalent research has been conducted in developing countries with economically significant tourism sectors. This paper presents a mixed-method pilot study on two adjacent coastal towns, St Francis Bay and Cape St Francis, in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. We explored the climate change threats in this region, and perceptions of these threats within the tourism sector. The tourism climate index results showed that the towns are climatically well suited to tourism, but a decrease in these index scores between 1978 and 2014 suggests that climate change experienced in recent decades has detrimentally affected tourist comfort. A digital elevation model sea-level projection for the towns indicated a high risk of sea-level induced flooding by 2050, particularly for properties along the coastline. Interviews with tourism establishment respondents showed that people are aware of climate change threats, yet little adaptation is forthcoming. Rather the government is deemed responsible for adaptation, despite its limited capacity. A disjuncture therefore exists between the perceived severity of risk and the risk that is evident from scientific analyses. This gap results in poor planning for the costs associated with adaptation.
Plagiarism and ghostwriting: The rise in academic misconduct
Authors: Singh Shawren , Remenyi Dan
Published: May 2016

The aim of this paper is to review the current situation regarding plagiarism and ghostwriting, and to stimulate debate about how universities should respond to the rise in these forms of academic misconduct. The apparent upsurge in academic misconduct means that universities today face one of the greatest challenges to academic integrity they have had to deal with ever since the university system came into existence some 800 years ago. Plagiarism and ghostwriting are undermining the integrity of university degrees to an extent not seen before. Academia and fraud are not strangers. Universities have a long history of cheating of one sort or another, often associated with examinations, but also with research. In the past this cheating involved activities such as smuggling notes (commonly called ‘crib sheets’) into examinations, and consulting them even under the watchful eyes of invigilators. It also involved students obtaining sight of an examination paper in advance. The fraudulent creation of research results has also been an issue. However, in the 21st century, the opportunities for cheating have exploded. This has resulted in universities becoming more concerned about ensuring the integrity of their examination processes and the degrees they award. Our paper focuses on cheating in the writing of dissertations or theses required at undergraduate or postgraduate level, with an emphasis on plagiarism and ghostwriting. We do not propose a simple solution to these problems, as preventing or stopping cheating is not just a matter of catching the wrongdoers. Cheating is endogenous to the current university education system, and needs to be addressed in terms of not only prevention and detection but also how people who are found to engage in such misconduct are treated. We suggest that creative ways of promoting learning would help to minimise cheating at universities. It is also important to ensure that the issue is discussed openly among students and faculty staff.
From research excellence to brand relevance: A model for higher education reputation building
Authors: Overton-de Klerk Nina , Sienaert Marilet
Published: May 2016

In this article we propose a novel approach to reputation development at higher education institutions. Global reputation development at higher education institutions is largely driven by research excellence, is predominantly measured by research output, and is predominantly reflected in hierarchical university rankings. The ranking becomes equated with brand equity. We argue that the current approach to reputation development in higher education institutions is modernist and linear. This is strangely out-of-kilter with the complexities of a transforming society in flux, the demands of a diversity of stakeholders, and the drive towards transdisciplinarity, laterality, reflexivity and relevance in science. Good research clearly remains an important ingredient of a university’s brand value. However, a case can be made for brand relevance, co-created in collaboration with stakeholders, as an alternative and non-linear way of differentiation. This approach is appropriate in light of challenges in strategic science globally as well as trends and shifts in the emerging paradigm of strategic communication. In applying strategic communication principles to current trends and issues in strategic science and the communication thereof, an alternative model for strategic reputation building at higher education institutions is developed.
Interdisciplinary Approach to the Study of National Consciousness Phenomenon
Authors: Redkina Anna
Published: May 2016

The purpose of the article is to investigate the changes of awareness of Ukrainian society interests, acquisition of a new value system as the generating factors of national identity. Problem field is outlined by understanding of the public crisis reasons. The causal relationship between the quality of social transformations and the general atmosphere in the country, the nature of the mass consciousness of Ukrainian population, in particular awareness level of national unity towards the common interest is analyzed.
The Greatness of Nahj Al-Balagha and the Words of Imam Ali from the Perspective of Modern Christian Figures
Authors: Keizoghani Seyyed Mahdi , Moulavi Nafchi Asghar
Published: May 2016

After the words of the Holy Quran and Prophet Muhammad’s tradition, the words of Imam Ali have in their own right bestowed upon mankind the finest and the most valuable social, political, and religious wisdom. Ever since a millennium when Sharif ar-Razi compiled Nahj al-Balagha using his unique and meticulous selection of Imam Ali’s speeches, letters, aphorisms, this invaluable book has deeply influenced many figures and luminaries among both Shia and Sunni Muslims and non-Muslims, all of whom have embraced and appraised it. In this article, the researchers look into the remarks of twenty one non-Muslim figures on the worth and merits of Nahj al-Balagha. Most of these Christian figures are contemporary Arab poets and thinkers: such individuals as Khalil Farahat, Rocks Bin Zayed Al Uzaizi, Joseph Hashim, and Nasri Salhab to name just a few; however, some orientalists and western thinkers are worth mentioning such as Nursisian and Henry Corbin.
Impact of Rating Evaluation on Development of Investment Climate: Case of Ukrainian Economy
Authors: Kuznetsova Svitlana , Vakulich Maria
Published: May 2016

Methodical approaches to the investment climate evaluation have been formed. Methodological tools for assessing the investment attractiveness of the economy have been classified. To create a database to select the most important methods of assessment of the investment climate should undertake a comparative analysis on the target group of potential investors, the depth of research, the frequency of assessment of the investment climate, purpose assessment of the investment climate. International ratings are effective tools that help reduction information asymmetry, and a large number of methods of ranking permit the investor to receive information on all aspects of the investment attractiveness of the state. Rankings are shaping the image of the state, and ignoring the results of the ratings can lead to financial isolation of the state. Information on the methodology of the ratings in most cases is transparent, so the domestic state institutions have the ability to affect the future results of the ratings in the case of related reforms. However, there is no unified model of investment climate evaluation of the national economy, which directly affects the state of the investment climate of Ukraine's economy and the volume of foreign capital in the state. Rating evaluation of the investment climate for the Ukrainian economy has been offered.