bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
and nothing whatever happened’: Orlando’s Continuous Eruptive Form
Authors: Bellamy Suzanne
Published: September 2018

In this chapter, Suzanne Bellamy draws attention to the density of reference encompassed by a single sentence from Orlando, alighting on intertextual resonances between Woolf, Sackville-West, Stein and Laurence Sterne. The sentence on which Bellamy focuses is ‘a very long and daring exercise in linguistic implosion’; through its many-layered parody – notably of Woolf’s own writing in To the Lighthouse – this sentence undermines the narrative contract sustaining nature writing and mimetic description. However, as Bellamy’s reading reveals, it also enacts a Steinian process of composition as explanation, thus shedding light on Orlando as a modernist textual and visual experiment that enables new modes of perception.
Bibliographic Parturition in Orlando: Books, Babies, Freedom and Fame
Authors: Staveley Alice
Published: September 2018

In this chapter’s account of Woolf’s labour as a writer and publisher at the Hogarth Press, Alice Staveley connects the labour of mothers and writers, and the delivery of babies and books. Reading the converging deliveries of Orlando’s poem ‘The Oak Tree’, her son, and the manuscript of Orlando, Staveley analyses Woolf’s invocation of her own 1919 short story ‘Kew Gardens’ in the novel’s final pages. Sounding the resonances of this story’s published forms, particularly the limited luxury edition issued in 1927, Staveley argues that the Kew Gardens scene turns the ‘narratological modernist motif of closure-as-return into a materialist tribute’.
In Amorous Dedication: The Phrase, the Figure and the Lover’s Discourse
Authors: Bromley Amy
Published: September 2018

In this chapter, Amy Bromley traces a performative discourse of love in Orlando. Drawing on Roland Barthes’s creative-theoretical text A Lover’s Discourse: Fragments (1977), Bromley examines Woolf’s multifacted creation of ‘figures’ via incomplete, fragmentary ‘sentence-arias’. Bromley’s chapter positions Woolf’s dedication of Orlando to Sackville-West within a narratological approach to the text’s procedures as a love letter and novel-biography, showing how the lover’s discourse forms one layer in Orlando’s polyphony of discourses.
The Kaleidoscope of Cinéma-monde
Authors: Gott Michael , Schilt Thibaut
Published: September 2018

Building upon the concepts of littérature-monde (citing a 2007 manifesto) and cinéma-monde (citing a 2013 article by Bill Marshall), this introduction aims to explore the opportunities and limitations of adopting the label of ‘cinéma-monde’ as a critical framework through which to approach a corpus of films linked to the francophone world and its production networks. To this end, it discusses the Trophées Francophones du cinéma (created in 2013), the first cinema awards specifically dedicated to internationally produced francophone films, as well as the concepts of ‘accented cinemas’ (a term borrowed from Hamid Naficy), ‘franco-zones’ and cinematic ‘hubs’ in order to further delineate cinéma-monde and articulate a decentred approach to global French-language filmmaking. A kaleidoscope is forwarded as a metaphor because it involves looking at the world through a particular yet variable and adjustable optic. The introduction ends with a summary of the fourteen chapters and three epilogues, which comprise the volume.
Globalisation, Cinema and Terrorism in Rachid Bouchareb’s Films: London River, Baton Rouge and Little Senegal
Authors: Rosello Mireille
Published: September 2018

Rachid Bouchareb describes London River as ‘my film about the 7/7 London bombings’ and this chapter observes what the director’s filmic language tells us about how to represent the intersection between globalization, nationalism, religion, terrorism and cinema. A comparison between this most recent film and earlier works such as Baton Rouge (1985) and Little Senegal (2001) suggests that Bouchareb has always troubled the generic filmic conventions of his generation. In London River, he chooses to focus on two grieving parents who desperately look for their missing children. The main protagonist of the film is the encounter between a Christian European mother and a Muslim African father. By privileging the intimacy of their difficult dialogue, Bouchareb successfully critiques and refuses a powerful post 9/11 tradition that consists in placing the sensational figure of the global terrorist and spectacular violence at the core of the story.
Lost at Sea or Charting a New Course? Mapping the Murky Contours of Cinéma-monde in Floating Francophone Films
Authors: Gott Michael
Published: September 2018

In order to demonstrate some of the multiple nodes that must be considered in any construction of a meaningful theory of ‘cinéma-monde’ (production, narrative, economic context; the migration of films, filmmakers, and actors), this chapter explores floating ‘francophone’ films. In these films, cinéma-monde is not mapped exclusively along the boundaries of French-speaking countries, regions, or zones, nor is it exclusively extra-Hexagonal. These ‘boat films’ are set on small vessels (L'iceberg by Dominique Abel, Fiona Gordon and Bruno Romy, 2005, Belgium) and freighters, which circulate goods but also people and languages – Diego Star (Frédérick Pelletier, 2013, Canada/Belgium), and Fidelio, l'odyssée d'Alice (Lucie Borleteau, 2014, France) – or narrate the perilous crossing by sea to European territory, as in Harragas (Merzak Alouache, 2009, Algeria/France) and La pirogue (Moussa Touré, 2012, France/Senegal/Germany). This chapter theorizes sea voyages for work and migration within the context of contemporary border theories, North-South migration debates, and cinematic production networks.
An Ostrich, a Backhoe and a few Ski-Doos: Tracking the Road Movie in Quebec and Beyond
Authors: Schilt Thibaut
Published: September 2018

This chapter focuses on the presence of the road movie in Quebec cinema. The province’s grands espaces, its famous snowy winters, and the ubiquitous presence of the Saint Lawrence River in the life of its citizens make for a propitious and particularly cinegenic exploration of mobility within the region. After tracing in a preliminary section the cinematic antecedents of Quebec’s contemporary road movies, three films are analysed separately: Stéphane Lafleur’s En terrains connus/Familiar Ground (2011), Philippe Falardeau’s Congorama (2006) and Denis Chouinard’s L’ange de goudron/Tar Angel (2001). The intent is to highlight some of the unique contours and distinct cinematic viewpoints of the francophone province, to assess the varying degrees to which the films’ Québécité takes centre stage, and to ponder Quebec cinema’s place within the larger cinéma-monde category.
Activist Cinéma-monde in Paris: Filming Foreigners in the French Capital
Authors: Rice Alison
Published: September 2018

Recent films set in Paris have called attention in various ways to the diversity of cultures, beliefs, and languages that come together in the French capital. This chapter examines four films characterized as ‘activist’. Whether it is a question of the intersecting fates of Malian or Romanian immigrants in the French capital in Austrian director Michael Haneke’s Code inconnu (2000), the life-or-death situation of an Algerian immigrant who has been forced into prostitution in Coline Serreau’s Chaos (2001, France), the purposely hilarious socio-political activism of a young woman whose father is an immigrant from Algeria and whose newfound love is of Jewish descent in Michel Leclerc’s Le nom des gens (2010), or the spontaneous kindness a witness to a fatal hit-and-run accident shows to the Moldavian victim’s wife in Catherine Corsini’s Trois mondes (2012), it is clear that these filmmakers have turned an attentive eye to the injustices that mark the experience of those from elsewhere whose trajectories have brought them to the City of Lights.
‘Images of Diversity’: Film Policy and the State Struggle for the Representation of Difference in French Cinema
Authors: Stewart Michelle
Published: September 2018

This chapter considers the complexity of encouraging diversity through film policy through close analyses of the best-known films supported by the program, with particular attention to successful films by French Maghrebi and other minority directors. These films will be discussed in the fuller context of their box office success and critical reception, and minority filmmaking more generally. Finally, these films will be analysed within the range of works supported by the Images de la diversité fund to assess the extent to which national agencies can promote diversity through a multicultural politics of representation. In short, this chapter asks whether, in a country known for its national cinema, a carefully constructed film policy can intervene in an ongoing cultural debate about the changing character of the nation. By considering films that incorporate a cross-Mediterranean gaze, the chapter also considers how themes of migration and immigration are treated in France and in the Maghreb.
Cinéma-monde as a Call to Arms
Authors: Mazdon Lucy
Published: September 2018

This epilogue considers cinéma-monde as an urgent ‘call to arms’ at a time when western nations tend to choose populism over openness to others. After arguing that the Oscar win of Asghar Farhadi’s Forushande/The Salesman (2016, Iran/France) and its director’s powerful speech in absentia assert the vital role of film in the deconstruction of nationalism and other forms of oppression and exclusion, the author contends that cinéma-monde crucially contributes to this deconstruction in its rejection of a homogeneous ‘French’ national cinema. The epilogue proposes a fourth area of inquiry not present as a distinct category in this volume but which could be the focus of a future volume, that of reception.
‘Textile Architecture’ in the Cuarto Dorado
Authors: Bush Olga
Published: September 2018

The integrated aesthetic articulated in chapter 3 grounds a new approach to the Patio of Comares and its enigmatic façade. The chapter begins with a historical overview of poetic inscriptions on Islamic luxury textiles, which points to an intersection between a specific type of Nasrid textiles and an ingenious Andalusian poetic genre, both designated by the term muwashshaḥāt. Shared constitutive features allow those textiles to inform the understanding of the poetry and the reverse, and, moreover, their interrelationship further serves to illuminate architecture. The theoretical argument, reinforced by Ibn al-Haytham's optics discussed in chapter 1, leads to a historical hypothesis: the use of textiles to design inter-medial spaces in the Alhambra, belied by the absence of furnishings in situ today. Supporting evidence from other Islamic sites is adduced. A comparative analysis of the Façade of Comares and the Nasrid textiles known as "Alhambra silks" exemplifies the concept of visual harmony as a design principle.
The conclusion proposes a further dimension of the inter-medial relationship through the concept of "textile architecture," that is the temporary deployment of large-scale textiles with architectural functions, in order to reframe the ceremonial use of the Patio of Comares.
The Refusal of Politics
Authors: Dubreuil Laurent
Published: September 2018

Laurent Dubreuil provocatively proposes an extremist rethinking of the limits of politics – toward a break from politics, the political and policies. Rather than yet another re-articulation, he calls for a refusal of politics, suggesting a form of apolitics that would make our lives more liveable. The first chapter situates the refusal of politics in relation to different contemporary theoretical attempts to renew politics, and makes the case for a greater rupture. The second moment takes up what is liveable in life by way of apolitical experience, in contrast to appropriations of the collective, including a discussion of the arts. Finally, Dubreuil draws up an incomplete inventory of means: forms of existence – often frail and fleeting – that make an exit toward atopia.
Opening Opinion
Authors: Dubreuil Laurent
Published: September 2018

No. This no that is currently rising and rumbling on each and every stage of power is ancient; it is also new. Ancient in that every great political demand contains the possibility of larger objection, one that goes against the government of politics itself, and not just in this or that form, whether forged in elections, technocratism, accumulation of wealth, or force. New to the extent that numerous contemporary movements in Asia, Africa, Europe, the Americas are posing sharper questions about the risk of a return to order by their own hand. ...
Apolitics and Politics1
Authors: Dubreuil Laurent
Published: September 2018

As long as social discontent exists, the most immediate, the most reasonable solution is to change certain causes, certain effects, certain agents. In the most acute cases, the recommended therapy consists in a gigantic reorganisation of forces, a metabole of powers. ‘The world is about to change its foundation’, promises The Internationale, and, following the tradition begun by the Abbe Sieyes, the choir sings, ‘we are nothing, let us be everything’.2 However violent the alteration – and the last century has given us nearly everything, from the colonial yoke to its soft alternative, from banana dictatorship to the dictatorship of the bureaucratic proletariat, from change in continuity to fully policed societies – the foundation of the foundation remains the same, rarely questioned. That is to say: all metamorphosis remains squarely on the plane of politics; only the way we define this plane varies, ranging from popular government and representation to the insurrectionary battle, from the nation, race to lifestyles and on to revolution.
Early Wahhabism and the Beginnings of Modern Salafism
Authors: Beránek Ondřej , Ťupek Pavel
Published: September 2018

This chapter focuses on Wahhabism during the period of the first Saudi state, as this period provides us with the most influential sources of iconoclastic ideas. The teachings of Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab and his disciples constitute the core part of current Salafi thought, appearing in a variety of mutated forms. The purpose of this chapter is twofold. First, it expounds on classical Wahhabi doctrine, as excerpted from early texts. Second, as Wahhabism, or indeed Hanbalism, were not the only strongly iconoclastic trends, this chapter also focuses on other influential movements, especially those of Yemeni, Syrian, Iraqi and Indian traditionalists, with Muhammad al-Shawkani, Ibn al-Amir al-San‘ani, Mahmud Shukri al-Alusi and Siddiq Hasan Khan in the forefront of developments. Finally, the chapter also provides a description of the two waves of destruction committed by Wahhabis after their conquest of the Hijaz, first in the early nineteenth century and then again in the first quarter of the twentieth century.
Saudi Arabia between pan-Islamism, Iconoclasm and Political Legitimacy
Authors: Beránek Ondřej , Ťupek Pavel
Published: September 2018

This chapter explains the process of Wahhabism institutionalisation that occurred during the period of the third Saudi state, as well as the proselytic mechanism that has been part of Saudi-led pan-Islamism since the 1960s. It focuses mostly on the opinions of Muhammad ibn Ibrahim Al al-Shaykh, Ibn Baz and Muhammad Nasir al-Din al-Albani, especially with regard to funeral architecture and the legality of visits to graves by women. In the case of al-Albani, the chapter looks at the methodology he advocated in relation to the fulfilment of Salafi goals. It also identifies some of the patterns regarding opposition to the Saudi regime, such as those associated with Juhayman al-ʿUtaybi and Abu Muhammad al-Maqdisi, both of whom were influenced by the Saudi propagation of tawhīd and iconoclasm. This chapter also describes the internal mechanisms and structures of the official Saudi religious establishment, especially its fatwā institutions.
Conclusion
Authors: Beránek Ondřej , Ťupek Pavel
Published: September 2018

Protect your Islam by removing yourself from any involvement in any Salafi group. The worst threat that the Muslim umma is faced with today is the Salafis … causing fitna, disunity, problems, conflicts in masjids [mosques].

Shaykh Faisal Abdul Razak, President of the Islamic Forum of Canada...
The Pilgrims Society and Public Diplomacy, 1895-1945
Authors: Bowman Stephen
Published: September 2018

This book examines the role of the elite Pilgrims Society in Anglo-American relations during the first half of the twentieth century. The Pilgrims Society was a dining club founded in London and New York in 1902 and 1903 which sought to improve relations between Britain and the United States. The Society provided an elite network that brought together influential politicians, diplomats, journalists, and businessmen during key moments in Anglo-American diplomacy. This book argues that the Pilgrims acted in cooperation with officialdom in both countries to promote its essentially elitist conception of Anglo-American friendship. The book presents a series of case studies that focus on the proceedings and wider diplomatic significance of lavish banquets held across the period at iconic London and New York hotels. In so doing, the book is the first-ever scholarly examination of the Pilgrims Society and establishes the role of unofficial public diplomacy activities and associational culture in official Anglo-American relations in an earlier period than has been recognised in the existing historiography. The book concludes that the Pilgrims Society is best regarded as a semi-official actor in international relations which – through its engagement with the press and by means of facilitating contact between policy-making elites – provided a milieu that supported ideas of Anglo-American friendship and legitimised greater state involvement in public diplomacy.
Introduction
Authors: Bowman Stephen
Published: September 2018

The introduction provides a grounding in the diplomatic history of Anglo-American relations and surveys the main events of the so-called ‘Great Rapprochement’ between the two countries, including the Alaskan Boundary Dispute, Britain’s response to the Spanish-American War in 1898, and the US’s subsequent attitude to Britain’s war with the Boers. The introduction analyses the concept of ‘Anglo-Saxonism’ and discusses the ways in which it was important both to the Pilgrims Society and to official Anglo-American relations. The introduction also provides a chapter by chapter breakdown of the rest of the book and outlines the argument that while the Pilgrims never set the agenda for official Anglo-American relations it nevertheless played a leading role in public diplomacy and, by extension, in how people have thought about how Britain and the United States have related to each other.
Earl Grey’s Public Diplomacy
Authors: Bowman Stephen
Published: September 2018

This chapter focuses on the banquet held by the New York branch of the Pilgrims Society in March 1906 at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel for Earl Grey, the Governor General of Canada. This dinner provides a case study of the ways in which the Society served as a network for British and American diplomats and provides one of the clearest examples of its public diplomacy activities. The banquet was held during a dispute between Britain, Canada, and the United States over fishing rights in the North Atlantic and the speeches given at the dinner by Earl Grey and Elihu Root, the US Secretary of State, were designed to mobilise public opinion in an effort to bring the dispute to an amicable end. Part of this public diplomacy effort was Earl Grey’s heavily-publicised gift to the US of a portrait of Benjamin Franklin that had been in his family’s possession since the American Revolution. The rhetoric surrounding this gift provides evidence about the cultural assumptions underpinning the Pilgrims’ public and cultural diplomacy.
Conclusion
Authors: Bowman Stephen
Published: September 2018

The conclusion summarises the book’s argument that the Pilgrims acted in the realm of public diplomacy in an attempt to influence foreign and international relations by engaging with foreign publics. These actions characterise public diplomacy as it is understood today and, indeed, the Pilgrims’ activities helped formulate that characterisation in the first place. By the end of the period covered by the book other public diplomacy actors had become more important than the Pilgrims, but the Society’s history up until the 1940s demonstrates how it laid the groundwork for focused governmental public diplomacy programmes. The book concludes with the contention that the Pilgrims Society was an elitist mouthpiece for an interventionist and imperialist Anglo-American world order.
Beyond Eastern Noir
Authors: Estera Mrozewicz Anna
Published: September 2018

This book addresses representations of Russia and neighbouring Eastern Europe in post-1989 Nordic cinemas, investigating their hitherto-overlooked transnational dimension. Departing from the dark stereotypes that characterise the hegemonic narrative defined as ‘Eastern noir’, the author presents Norden’s eastern neighbours as depicted with a rich, though previously neglected in scholarship, cinematic diversity. The book does not deny the existence of Eastern noir or its accuracy. Instead, in a number of in-depth case studies of both popular and niche feature films, documentaries and television dramas, it interrogates and attempts to add nuance to the Nordic audiovisual imagination of Russia and Eastern Europe. Tracing approaches of and beyond the Eastern noir paradigm across cinematic genres, and in relation to changing historical contexts, the author considers how increasingly transnational affinities have led to a reimagining of Norden’s eastern neighbours in contemporary Nordic films. Making the notions of border/boundary and neighbourliness central to the argument, the author explores how the shared geopolitical border is (re)imagined in Nordic films and how these (re)imaginations reflect back on the Nordic subjects.
Embodying the Fear of Russia: The Militarised Body
Authors: Estera Mrozewicz Anna
Published: September 2018

Chapter 5 embarks on the analysis of one of the most widespread (stereotypical) tropes associated with Russia, in which the ‘Russia as a crime scene’ conception plays a potent part: that of the Russian soldier. The analyses are concerned with pictures which – not seeking to deny the militarisation of contemporary Russian society – look for historical foundations of the stereotype and examine the discursive and political mechanisms underlying the construction of militarised Russian bodies, both in terms of representation (through references to Nordic, notably Finnish, war films, as well as Soviet cinematic propaganda), and in the socio-cultural realities of contemporary Russia. Rysskräck (Swedish word for fear of Russia) is thus often deconstructed as a Nordic projection in which the Russian soldier is an entity contrasted with the peacefully-minded, unarmed, and innocent Nordic body. The concept of the disciplined (militarised) body enables one to diagnose representations of Russia as a society/nation of grand narratives, but the chapter also takes a look at films employing such strategies as humour, irony, sarcasm or deliberately de-politicised stance, thanks to which grand narratives can be circumvented.
Introduction
Authors: Moran Patricia
Published: September 2018

The introduction provides an overview of White’s significance to literary studies and the ways in which her illness and identity narratives have shaped her critical reception. It outlines and historicises the medical, psychoanalytic and religious contexts within which White’s experiences of illness unfolded. It also provides an overview of White scholarship and shows how the failure to address the role of illness in White’s life and work characterises that scholarship. It shows how scholars have often interpreted symptoms of illness—including White’s protracted psychotic episode—as signs of incest trauma.
Epilogue: Composing a Self
Authors: Moran Patricia
Published: September 2018

The epilogue briefly considers White’s abortive attempts to compose a fifth novel that would depict her protagonist’s life after her incarceration for psychosis. It suggests that White’s inability to do so in part resulted from her reluctance to expose herself and her father to public censure. It also suggests that White’s misreading of her illness as the result of her relationship with her father played a key role in shaping the plotline of the novel she finally could not finish. It summarises the ongoing problems White encountered in her later life as the result of ongoing chronic illness. It concludes that the frost that blighted White’s life and shrivelled her confidence in her writing was the illness that threatened to leave her stranded, alone and insane, in an unknown, terrifying world.
A Politics of Nearness: Uses of Montage and Haptics in Documenting Cultural Experiences of Communities of India
Authors: Sharma Aparna
Published: September 2018

The essay focuses on the applications, epistemological and political implications of montage and haptics in documentary practice. The author argues that documenting local cultures and cultural practices constitutes a critical departure from dominant ideological and political discourses surrounding the northeast region of India resulting in it being viewed as the distant other of the nation. The author concludes that a ‘move towards haptics leads to a documentary practice that is less motivated towards normative techniques of interpretation and exposition, and by contrast places viewers in partial and sensory encounters with the life-worlds of the subjects they encounter.’
The Other, The Same: Towards a Metamodern Poetics with Heddy Honigmann
Authors: van Noortwijk Annelies
Published: September 2018

Modernism and The Poetics of Sameness and Presence”. The author argues that through a paradigm shift from post-modernism towards what she proposes to refer to as meta-modernism, a new kind of poetic comes to the fore in which senses of ‘sameness’ and ‘presence’ and a drive towards inter-subjective connection and dialogue are pivotal. At the same time a turn to the subject, the real and the private, are the preferred strategies to address the central topics in contemporary culture; that of (often traumatic) memory and identity. The re-evaluation of the subject as an active, embodied and emotional individual is fundamental to such a shift.
Constructing an Intimate Sphere Through Her Own Female Body: Naomi Kawase’s Documentary Films
Authors: Nakane Wakae
Published: September 2018

The majority of Naomi Kawase’s documentary films are based on her own life experiences, leading to conclusions that they are entirely self-reflexive. The author argues that ‘they instead show an alternative way of constructing relationships among people’. She also claims that indicate a possibility to ‘go beyond the binarism between ‘individual’ and ‘society’’ by creating an ‘intimate sphere’ which transcends the general idea of societal discourse.
‘Not Because My Heart is Gone; Simply the Other Side’: Francesca Woodman’s Relational and Ephemeral Subjectivity at the Limit of the Image
Authors: Rogers Anna Backman
Published: September 2018

The work of Francesca Woodman has commonly been read in light of her depression and tragic suicide at the age of just twentytwo as the figuration of (or rehearsal for) an act of disappearance. This essay aligns itself with the scholarship of Claire Raymond (2010) who argues through Kant’s notion of the sublime that, in actual fact, Woodman stages a precise dissection of what it means to be both the subject and object of her own gaze. Drawing on feminist theories of spectatorship and photography, this chapter demonstrates how Woodman engages with visual tropes in order to ‘image’ the fragile and liminal moment of a young girl becoming-woman. As such, the author argues, that Woodman addresses directly the manifold ways in which gender norms are brought to bear on the female body through the mechanics of the gaze.
Modern Allegory: Reading Nightwood through the Forms of the Baroque Trauerspiel
Authors: Armond Kate
Published: September 2018

The opening section of this chapter contains 2,500 words from my published Textual Practice article as the definitions of allegory from Benjamin’s The Origin of German Tragic Drama are crucial to my discussion of allegory and to the Trauerspiel as a critical framework for my monograph as a whole. I do, however, apply Benjamin’s theory to a very different argument here, moving away from the traditional use of allegory as it appears in the journal essay and towards a modern reinterpretation of the baroque original and its peculiar relevance to a modern commodified society. The connection between allegory and commodification is also a significant one for Barnes in her novel Nightwood, and I will argue that this relationship can be used to explain many of the text’s difficult references to value, price and its most puzzling character, Jenny Petherbridge. The objects within the modern court of allegory are degraded, forgotten, and the context in which they vie for attention is above all destructive, connected to the baroque through the Trauerspiel’s instruments of torture and murder. This section will also examine Nightwood’s character Dr. O’Connor as a modern incarnation of the baroque allegorist in his den.
Baroque Vienna: Nightwood’s Lost Enlightened Modernity
Authors: Armond Kate
Published: September 2018

Sacheverell Sitwell’s 1928 German Baroque Art identifies Vienna as the quintessential baroque city, with Germany as a whole perfecting the baroque style and providing Bach, Handel and Mozart with a beautiful and inspirational cultural setting. Sitwell writes at a time when original baroque and rococo documents had come to light in both the British Museum and Vienna’s Hofburg Library, and, like many of his German counterparts, he responded with a reappraisal of the period. My analysis investigates these sources and Sacheverell’s subsequent use of ‘baroque’ as a historical term applied to architecture, art, theatre and dance. I question why and how Vienna was able to supersede equivalent French, Spanish and Italian cities during the seventeenth and early eighteenth century, paying particular attention to the achievements of Lukas von Hildebrandt and Fischer von Erlach, the two architects responsible for the Schwarzenberg Palace in Vienna, the Schönborn, Prince Eugene’s Winter Palace and the Belvedere. My account does not focus exclusively on the city’s palaces and state buildings but acknowledges the importance of theatre in its own right, and as an influence on interior design and architecture. Alongside so much splendour and refinement baroque Vienna developed its own particular aesthetic of cruelty, with the Jew in particular suffering under the absolute regimes of the German princes and electors after the Thirty Years War.
Introduction: Women and the Birth of Periodical Culture
Authors: Batchelor Jennie , Powell Manushag N.
Published: September 2018

The editors of this volume assert that periodical studies and feminist studies within the British eighteenth century are inseparable activities. While male authors dominated eighteenth-century periodicals, it does not follow that the form itself existed or could have existed independent of women: quite the opposite was true. From John Dunton’s Athenian Mercury (1690–7) to the Tatler (1709–11) and Spectator (1710-11), to Eliza Haywood’s Female Spectator (1744–6), to the magazines like the Lady’s Museum (1760–1) or Lady’s Magazine (1770–1832) that filled out the later portion of the period, women were avid readers of, contributors to, and consumers fostered through periodical culture: the form was thoroughly tied up in the ‘fair-sexing’ upon which it founded itself – but, the editors contend, ‘fair-sexing’ is only one part of the story. Tracing the conditions that affect periodical scholarship, such as limited publishers’ archives and the challenges of digital scholarship, the introduction also considers the question of readership, and, with it, nomenclature: what does it mean to call a periodical a Lady’s paper? Resisting the traditional separation between essay and magazine, this introduction seeks to alert the reader to a more flexible and capacious understanding of how periodicals interact with one another, and with the women who enable them.
Periodicals and the Problem of Women’s Learning
Authors: Wood James Robert
Published: September 2018

One of the questions published in the 23 May 1691 issue of The Athenian Mercury (1690-7) was ‘Whether it be proper for Women to be Learned?’ In this essay, James Wood takes the question of the propriety of women's education and the learned woman as a lens through which to read a selection of periodicals and magazines from the 1690s to the 1820s. Through detailed case studies of the Ladies’ Diary (1704–1841), Ladies Mercury (1693), Female Tatler (1709–10), Female Spectator (1744–6), Lady’s Museum (1760–6), and Lady’s Magazine (1770–1832), Wood elucidates how periodicals offer unique insights into: how women participated in the wider culture of learning across the long eighteenth century; how learning was incorporated into women’s lives; how women’s learning was understood and variously negotiated by the periodical press; and the role that gender difference played in what in meant to be learned across the long eighteenth century.
Discontinuous Reading and Miscellaneous Instruction for British Ladies
Authors: Bannet Eve Tavor
Published: September 2018

Eve Tavor Bannet’s essay considers some of the ways in which ‘Ladies’ (and would-be ladies) were interpolated by features of periodicals that are frequently mentioned, but less often explored: their promise to educate as well as entertain their readers; their miscellaneous character; their co-optation of conversational forms; the discontinuous reading practices they fostered; and the interpretative and critical methods they modelled and taught. These issues are elucidated through Bannet’s detailed mining of the significant, but under-studied, group of eighteenth-century ‘women-championing’ periodicals that were male-authored but addressed primarily to ladies. Bannet rich analysis of publications including the Ladies Journal (1727), Free Thinker (1718–23), Lady’s Weekly (1747), Bee (1790–4) and Female Mentor (1793–6) reveals how the normative gender constructions traditionally associated with periodicals read by men and women were blunted and ultimately defeated by those fixed generic features that women-championing journals reoriented to British Ladies.
Vindications and Reflections: The Lady’s Magazine during the Revolution Controversy (1789–1795)
Authors: Claes Koenraad
Published: September 2018

This essay examines how the French Revolution and the controversy it spawned figure in one of the most important British women’s magazines of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century: George Robinson’s Lady’s Magazine (1770–1832). Even though most scholars who have written on the magazine have dismissed it as an organ of female domestication, Koenraad Claes demonstrates that this pioneering publication is uniquely qualified as a document on this politically turbulent period. While the Lady’s Magazine, like most magazines, cannot be said to be a straightforward organ of any ideological position, it consistently made room for radical reformist views of the likes of Catharine Macaulay, Thomas Paine, Helen Maria Williams and Mary Wollstonecraft. Through a detailed analysis of how the successive phases of the Revolution Controversy, Claes reveals how readers of this period’s British women’s periodicals were better informed about ongoing political debates than we have long presumed.
‘A lasting wreath of various hue’: Hannah Cowley, the Della Cruscan Affair, and the Medium of the Periodical Poem
Authors: Caldwell Tanya M.
Published: September 2018

The flirty poetic back-and-forth between Anna Matilda (Hannah Cowley) and Della Crusca (Robert Merry) helped launch the fledgling World (1787–1851) into the rank of one of the most popular London periodicals of its age. Tanya Caldwell moves past the sensationalism of their exchange to evaluate the married dramatist Cowley’s choice to participate in it as a means of involving a woman’s voice and perspective in topical – even radical – discussions as well as traditional, and traditionally male-dominated, classic poetic forms. A generic innovator in the drama, Cowley is also shown to be a canny professional writer with respect to the possibilities periodical publication could offer to women like herself.
‘[L]et a girl read’: Periodicals and Women’s Literary Canon Formation
Authors: King Rachael Scarborough
Published: September 2018

Examining periodical articles by both men and women in the second half of the eighteenth century, Rachel King argues that the periodical was a key extra-academic site for the discussion of women’s reading material and, simultaneously, the elevation of the novel. The traditional division of the periodical as a masculine space and the novel as a feminised one was problematic, of course, but it was also productive, in that the process of prescriptive reviewing embraced by periodicals such as the Critical (1756–1817) and Monthly (1749–1844) of necessity elevated some works above others. An overlooked tool for this process was the list, which offered practical advantages, as it produced easy copy and created visually appealing white space on the page. As periodical authors offered prescriptive lists, novelists like Austen in Northanger Abbey (1818) pushed back against such constraints with their own syllabi, a process that played a key role in the ongoing incorporation of the novel into the literary canon.
Reviewing Women: Women Reviewers on Women Novelists
Authors: Peiser Megan
Published: September 2018

What is the place of women writers in literary history, and the history of women’s print media? Megan Peiser’s chapter answers these questions through the specific lens of Romantic women reviewers’ assessments of work by Romantic women novelists. The chapter begins by accounting for the difficulties of its approach. Since periodical voices are often collaborative, anonymous/pseudonymous and published serially they require readers to chase their commitment to these publications through multiple issues rather than declaring completeness and authority through a single accessible printing. The chapter proceeds with detailed accounts of the reviewing careers of Elizabeth Moody and Anna Barbauld and how they used their contingent presence as writers for the Monthly Review (1749–1844) to bolster the works of women writers of the period in a medium that has traditionally been perceived to be hostile to women’s writing.
Suitable Reading Material: Fandom and Female Pleasure in Women’s Engagement with Romantic Periodicals
Authors: Gledhill Evan Hayles
Published: September 2018

Romantic women’s magazines were part of a broad cultural moment that saw a rapid expansion in the presence and accessibility of genre fiction, which easily attached feminine associations to the critical imaginary. Evan Hayles Gledhill’s essay analyses women readers’ investment in reading and authoring Gothic and romantic fictions for late eighteenth-century periodicals, such as the Lady’s Monthly Museum (1798–1828) and the Lady’s Magazine (1770–1832), to reveal how this fiction disrupted the traditional and gendered value systems that dominated Romantic publishing. In the process, Gledhill uncovers striking similarities between the textual communities that produced, or emerged in response to, this fiction and modern textual fan communities.
Frances Brooke, Editor, and the Making of the Old Maid (1755–1756)
Authors: King Kathryn R.
Published: September 2018

Kathryn King’s essay takes as its focus Frances Brooke’s Old Maid (1755–6), one of several crucial texts in a burst of female periodical editorial activity at mid-century. It offers a fresh reading of information about the Old Maid’s contributors, focusing especially on the marginal notes to the original issues inscribed by the paper’s chief contributor Lord Orrery. These annotations, King reveals, constitute a largely unquarried source of information about Brooke’s practices and her understanding of her role as editor. They moreover, cast light on her ambiguous relationship with the nobleman who supplied nearly a quarter of the paper’s contents. Brooke’s own contributions receive dedicated attention before King concludes by assessing why the female editor is often passed over in the stories we tell of female authorship in the eighteenth century.
Eyes that Eagerly ‘Bear the Steady Ray of Reason’: Eidolon as Activist in Charlotte Lennox’s Lady’s Museum
Authors: Carlile Susan
Published: September 2018

Drawing upon her command of Charlotte Lennox’s life and career, Susan Carlile presents the Lady’s Museum (1760–1) as an idealised educational attempt to offers its readers, particularly the women among them, a wider view of the world, its inhabitants, and its history. Focusing on the shorter ‘Trifler’ essays that headlined the long, miscellaneous numbers of the Lady’s Museum, Carlile shows how the magazine was seriously interested in encouraging intellectual ambition in women. Women authors and women readers are given particular attention and care throughout the periodical, which subversively, or perhaps ahead of its time, hopes that its educational content will spur readers on to intellectual and authorial action.
The Woman behind the Man behind the World: Mary Wells and the Feminisation of the Late Eighteenth-Century Newspaper
Authors: Knowles Claire
Published: September 2018

The rediscovery of the Della Cruscans, a late-eighteenth century poetic coterie, has helped to revive an interest in papers of “elegance” such as John Bell’s the World, which established a successful template for the late eighteenth-century newspaper, one that was exploited by many of the papers that followed in its wake. In this chapter, Claire Knowles examines the contribution made to this paper not only by women in general, but by one woman in particular, Mary Wells. Wells was a popular actress and the mistress of the paper’s proprietor, Edward Topham. She was implicated in the paper’s establishment and played an important role in its daily running. By examining Wells’ largely unacknowledged role at the World alongside the work of the female poets that the paper encouraged, Knowles suggests that the paper can be seen as an important example of the increasing feminisation of print media in the late-eighteenth century.
Fast Fashion: Style, Text, and Image in Late Eighteenth-Century Women’s Periodicals
Authors: Smith Chloe Wigston
Published: September 2018

Chloe Wigston Smith’s essay examines the innovative changes in fashion journalism in the later eighteenth century initiated by The
Lady’s Magazine’s (1770–1832). Through its fold-out embroidery patterns, fashion plates, coverage of royal birthday celebrations and early forms of fashion journalism, the Lady’s circulated knowledge about particular trends and styles, ranging from reticules and caps to colours, silhouettes, shoes. Smith contends that the Lady’s fashion coverage modelled an early form of ‘fast fashion’, in which detailed textual descriptions and fashion plates that showed full figures, and sometimes the front and back of costumes, provided minute guides to style. In a period in which most middling and elite clothes were bespoke, fashion journalism in publications including the Lady’s, the Gallery of Fashion (1794–1803) and La Belle Assemblée (1806-32), Smith concludes, placed the agency of style in the hands of readers and contributed to the democratization of style.
Fashioning Consumers: Ackermann’s Repository of Arts and the Cultivation of the Female Consumer
Authors: Dyer Serena
Published: September 2018

Serena Dyer argues that the Anglo-German Rudolph Ackermann’s Repository of Arts, Literature, Commerce, Manufactures, Fashions, and Politics (1809–29) provides evidence of a decisive and conscious acknowledgement of the power of print to promote commerce and to establish the figure of the female consumer. In part through the fashion plate, periodicals were an indispensable tool for female readers looking to hone their economic skills and make spending decisions as responsible British subjects. Although it had wide interests, the Repository stands out for its patriotic promotion of British manufacture, prominently promoted through a series of woodcuts celebrating British manufacture and industry that framed actual fabric samples. Instead of simply encouraging a blind, novelty-based desire for the latest items, women’s periodicals such as the Repository acted to provide women with market knowledge, and to keep them commercially active. The women’s periodical aimed to mould women into urbane, economically dynamic, market-aware, discerning, and knowledgeable consumers.
Galle Toubaaco before the Programme
Authors: Cislaghi Ben
Published: September 2018

Chapter 4 pictures the rural community of Galle Toubaaco before the Tostan programme. It looks at three aspects of community members’ life that are tracked throughout the HRE part of their participation in the Tostan program. This chapter examines in particular how community members constructed gender relations, made decisions or had access to the decision-making process, and fulfilled roles available to them. It also uncovers existing social norms before the programme began, showing that some human-rights-inconsistent norms and practices were in place and offering an analysis of the reasons for it.
Dynamics of Social Change: A Model for Indirect Development Practitioners
Authors: Cislaghi Ben
Published: September 2018

Chapter 7 explains why and how behavioural and social change happened. It investigates how in the HRE classes, participants contextualised the abstract human rights knowledge within their local understandings of the world and traditional values. That contextualisation fostered revisions in participants’ understanding of themselves and others and expanded individual and collective aspirations and capabilities. This chapter also analyses the role of the programme in creating a space where gender segregation could be overcome, where men and women could sit and talk together, sharing decisions, and how that affected the aspirations, perceived freedoms, and capabilities of the entire community. The theory described in chapter two is critically reviewed and expanded.
Shame
Authors: Popa Bogdan
Published: September 2018

Shame has often been considered a threat to democratic politics, and was utilized to degrade and debase sex radicals and political marginals. But when and why have certain forms of shame have been embraced by political activists? How is it used to reverse entrenched power dynamics? The book brings together Jacques Rancière’s techniques of disrupting inequality with a queer curiosity in the performativity of shame to show that 19th-century activists denaturalized conventional beliefs about sexuality and gender. For Victorians, shame does not merely generate negative feelings and low self-esteem but also has a great capacity to provoke political activism, leading to strategies for transforming political norms that exclude political outlaws. Shame fills a glaring absence in political theory by undertaking a genealogy of political interventions that predate the twentieth century. These practices, which are performative, and emerge from shame, include unconventional relationships, slurs, humiliation, and silence.