bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainability
Authors: Zhou Jianpeng , McCreanor Philip T. , Montalto Franco , Erdal Zeynep K.
Published: November 2011

This review on Sustainability covers selected journal articles and conferences papers published in 2010 and is divided into the following sections  • Sustainable water and wastewater utilities:  • Sustainable water resources management  • Industrial and corporate approaches towards sustainability  • Stormwater and green infrastructure  • Sustainability in wastewater treatment  • Life cycle assessment (LCA) applications  • Sustainability and energy in wastewater industry  • Sustainability and climate change  • Sustainability and water reuse  • Sustainability rating systems  The sustainable water and wastewater utilities reviewed sustainable practices and sustainable workforce management. The stormwater and green infrastructure (GI) described the current development in five categories: new studies of GI and low impact development (LID) system performance; GI/LID system planning assessments; macro‐scale hydrologic and hydraulic modeling of GI/LID systems; efforts to model changes of water flow and quality in individual GI/LID systems; and social implications of GI/LID systems. The sustainability in wastewater treatment reviewed wastewater treatment; source separation; anaerobic technologies; wetland and low impact treatment systems; algae technologies; and the microbial fuel cell technology.
Food‐Processing Wastes
Authors: Frenkel Val S. , Cummings Gregg , Scannell Dennis E. , Tang Walter Z. , Maillacheruvu Krishnanand Y. , Treanor Patrick
Published: November 2011

Literature published in 2010 and early 2011 related to food processing wastes treatment for industrial applications is reviewed. This review is a subsection of the Treatment Systems section of the annual Water Environment Federation literature review and covers the following food processing industries and applications: meat and poultry, fruits and vegetables, seafood, dairy and beverage, and anaerobic treatment, biological and physicalchemical methods.
Petrochemicals
Authors: Al‐Jabri Mohsin , Baawain Mahad
Published: November 2011

This is a review on literature published in 2010 that covered issues related to the occurrence of petrochemicals in the environment, as well as methods and techniques used for the detection and chemical analysis of petroleum mixtures, together with the toxicity and impacts of various forms of petroleum spills. This review also included literature investigating petrochemicals in water and wastewater and their treatment options including biodegradation, advanced oxidation and modeling.
High‐Level Radioactive Waste Management
Authors: Olanrewaju Johnson
Published: November 2011

This review highlights the status of research and advancements made in high‐level radioactive waste management programs around the world in 2010 from published technical literature, books, and reports. The review covers waste form and repository, engineered barrier and sorption, repository, biological interactions, transport and mathematical modeling, book review, and concluding remarks.
Contaminated Aquatic Sediments
Authors: Jaglal Kendrick
Published: November 2011

A review of the literature published in print and/or online in 2010 on subjects relating to the assessment, evaluation and remediation of contaminated aquatic sediments is presented. The review is divided into the following sections: methodology, policy, chemical distribution, fate and transport, bioavailability, bioaccumulation, toxicity, risk assessment and remediation.
Emerging Pollutants
Authors: Bell Katherine Y. , Wells Martha J.M. , Traexler Kathy A. , Pellegrin Marie‐Laure , Morse Audra , Bandy Jeff
Published: November 2011

Water and wastewater quality research and management pertaining to emerging pollutants, chemical or biological, for which discussion of occurrence surveys, fate and transport investigations, treatment processes, modeling, and/or toxicity/risk assessment appearing in the peerreviewed literature during 2010, are presented.
Environmental Law
Authors: Sanders Dee Ann
Published: November 2011

The activity level in water‐related environmental law increased in 2010, although there were no new or reauthorized environmental laws enacted. There was much action related to the Chesapeake Bay watershed, as well as to environmental impacts of energy extraction and production.
Analytical Methods for Pesticides and Herbicides
Authors: Liang H.C. , Hay Michael T.
Published: November 2011

A review of literature published in 2010 on analytical methods for pesticides and herbicides is presented here in eight sections, including extraction methods, chromatographic or mass spectrometric techniques, electrochemical techniques, spectrophotometric techniques, chemiluminescence and fluorescence methods, sensors, biochemical assays and immunoassays, and miscellaneous techniques. Because many of the research studies in the cited publications utilized more than one analytical method, the different sections should not be thought of as being mutually exclusive.
Statistical Considerations in Determining HIV Incidence from Changes in HIV Prevalence
Authors: Brookmeyer Ron , Konikoff Jacob
Published: November 2011

The development of methods for estimating HIV incidence is critical for tracking the epidemic and for designing, targeting and evaluating HIV prevention efforts. One method for estimating incidence is based on changes in HIV prevalence. That method is attracting increased attention because national population-based HIV prevalence surveys, such as Demographic and Health Surveys, are being conducted throughout the world. Here, we consider some statistical issues associated with estimating HIV incidence from two population-based HIV prevalence surveys conducted at two different points in time. We show that the incidence estimator depends on the relative survival rate. We evaluate the sensitivity of estimates to incorrect assumptions about the relative survival rate, and show that small errors in the relative survival can, in some situations, create large biases in HIV incidence. We determine sample sizes of prevalence surveys to estimate incidence with precision and show how the sample sizes depend on baseline prevalence, the relative survival rate, and the population HIV incidence rate. We find that even if the relative survival rate were known exactly, there are situations where prohibitively large prevalence surveys would be required to produce reliable incidence estimates. These situations can occur either when the baseline prevalence is large, the relative survival rate is near 1, or the population incidence is small. Because information on the relative survival rate may be limited or not specific to the population under study, we suggest an approach to empirically estimate this critical parameter by augmenting population-based prevalence surveys with a mortality follow-up sub-study. We determine sample sizes of the prevalence surveys and mortality sub-studies for this augmented design and provide the necessary R code (version 2.13.0) for sample size determinations. We conclude that caution should be exercised when solely relying on changes in prevalence as the method for determining HIV incidence because of the method's sensitivity to mortality assumptions and the very large sample size requirements in some settings.
Determination of the synthetic hydroxyapatite life circle used in dental practice
Authors: Teodorovic Nevenka , Jovanic Predrag
Published: November 2011

Dental materials are specific materials that were developed as a general
materials for specific aplication in oral environment. To determinate the
functional properties of this materials, we are obligated to use nonstandard
approach and specific methods. In this study, two methodologies of material
testing-artificial agging and quantification of visual informations for life
circle assessment of hydroxyapatite (Hap) based materials, were used. Hap was
chemically synthetized which produced the material with high purity and
crystallinity. Artificially produced Hap is used in stomatology for repair of
bone tissue, as a filling for periodontal defects, and as a preservative
augmentation for alveolar ridges. In the mean time those materials are used
for definitive root canal obturation in endodontic therapy procedure as an
apical plug or as complete filling material. This research was focused on the
analysis of the bonding properties of the Hap based materials to the root
canal walls. The methodology of artificial agging was used together with the
quantification of visual informations in purpose to quantify the Hap bonding
properties and bonding quality. Experiments were done in-vitro, with the
artificia saliva as the agressive agent. The experimental tooths were
analyzed by the high resolution optical microscope for the morphological
characterisation of the bonding layer. The model for the bond life circle
assessment was developed. Hap based materials proved that has favorable
properties for the dental use. The presented results proved that the
combination of two methodologies (artificial agging and quantification of
visual informations could be used as the tool for analyzing the
material-dentine interaction.
Predicting Suicidality among Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Shrivastava Amresh , Nelson Charles , Johnston Megan , Lester David
Published: November 2011

In a sample of 50 psychiatric patients, suicidality as measured by a 54-item scale was associated with scores on scales to assess the presence of comorbidities, family history, medical factors, clinical ratings of psychiatric diagnosis, psychosocial/environmental factors, and protective factors (multiple R2 = .66).
Is a Multiple Self Healthy or Pathological?
Authors: Lester David
Published: November 2011

In a sample of 144 undergraduate students, scores on Sackeim and Gur's measure of self-deception were associated with neuroticism scores ( r = .50) on the Big Five Inventory, while scores on Altrocchi's measure of having a plural self were associated with neuroticism and openness scores ( rs = .35 and .18, respectively). A multiple self, therefore, appears to have positive and negative features.
Eye Movement during Facial Affect Recognition by Patients with Schizophrenia, Using Japanese Pictures of Facial Affect
Authors: Shiraishi Yuko , Norikane Kazuya , Ando Kazuhiro , Toyama Sayaka , Kurayama Shigeki , Abe Hiroshi , Ishida Yasushi
Published: November 2011

A possible relationship between recognition of facial affect and aberrant eye movement was examined in patients with schizophrenia. A Japanese version of standard pictures of facial affect was prepared. These pictures of basic emotions (surprise, anger, happiness, disgust, fear, sadness) were shown to 19 schizophrenic patients and 20 healthy controls who identified emotions while their eye movements were measured. The proportion of correct identifications of ‘disgust’ was significantly lower for schizophrenic patients, their eye fixation time was significantly longer for all pictures of facial affect, and their eye movement speed was slower for some facial affects (surprise, fear, and sadness). One index, eye fixation time for “happiness,” showed a significant difference between the high- and low-dosage antipsychotic drug groups. Some expected facial affect recognition disorder was seen in schizophrenic patients responding to the Japanese version of affect pictures, but there was no correlation between facial affect recognition disorder and aberrant eye movement.
Concurrent Validity of the Wide Range Assessment of Visual Motor Abilities in Typically Developing Children Ages 4 to 11 Years
Authors: Obler Doris R. , Avi-Itzhak Tamara
Published: November 2011

Pediatric clinicians working with school-age children use the Wide Range Assessment of Visual Motor Abilities (WRAVMA) as a method for evaluating visual perception and motor skills in children despite limited information on concurrent validity. Whether it may be substituted for the Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration (VMI) and has suitable estimates of concurrent validity were examined with a convenience sample of 91 typically developing children ages 4 to 11 years. No systematic concurrent validity between the WRAVMA and the VMI emerged. Only two subtests of the WRAVMA (Matching with Visual Perception, and Pegboard with Motor Coordination) gave scores statistically significantly correlated with those on the VMI, and these correlations were weak, accounting for very small amounts of the shared variance. As such, they have low clinical relevance. These findings do not provide evidence of concurrent validity to support the use of WRAVMA as an alternative method for the VMI for assessing children's visual perception and motor skills.
Sex Differences in Visual Realism in Drawings of Animate and Inanimate Objects
Authors: Lange-Küttner Chris
Published: November 2011

Sex differences in a visually realistic drawing style were examined using the model of a curvy cup as an inanimate object, and the Draw-A-Person test (DAP) as a task involving animate objects, with 7- to 12-year-old children ( N = 60; 30 boys). Accurately drawing the internal detail of the cup—indicating interest in a depth feature—was not dependent on age in boys, but only in girls, as 7-year-old boys were already engaging with this cup feature. However, the age effect of the correct omission of an occluded handle—indicating a transition from realism in terms of function (intellectual realism) to one of appearance (visual realism)—was the same for both sexes. The correct omission of the occluded handle was correlated with bilingualism and drawing the internal cup detail in girls, but with drawing the silhouette contour of the cup in boys. Because a figure's silhouette enables object identification from a distance, while perception of detail and language occurs in nearer space, it was concluded that boys and girls may differ in the way they conceptualize depth in pictorial space, rather than in visual realism as such.
Cognitive Abilities of Musicians
Authors: Giovagnoli A. R. , Raglio A.
Published: November 2011

Playing music may involve different cognitive domains, but previous studies of musicians and patients with brain lesions have reported inconsistent associations between music performances and other cognitive functions. Fine musical performance may be associated with high executive and control functions. 21 skilled musicians and 21 age- and education-matched healthy controls with no specific musical competence were compared on attentive, executive, linguistic, perceptual, praxic, memory, and theory of mind functions, using standardized neuropsychological tests. No differences between the musicians and controls, music composers and performers, or between soloists or orchestral players were observed. In musicians, there was no correlation between the test scores and amount of music education. Findings based on these musician groups, carefully evaluated, suggest further exploration of associations of distinct components of music comprehension and expression with different cognitive functions and behavioral aspects.
Skills-Demands Compatibility as a Determinant of Flow Experience in an Inductive Reasoning Task
Authors: Schiefele Ulrich , Raabe Andreas
Published: November 2011

The skills-demands fit hypothesis of flow theory was examined. Based on the earlier finding that high demands in a game situation do not reduce the experience of flow, a cognitive task paradigm was used. The effect of skills-demands compatibility on the experience of flow but not of other, similar psychological states (i.e., concentration, negative and positive activation) was also investigated. Participants were 89 undergraduate students who worked on a number of inductive reasoning tasks in four successive trials with or without skills-demands compatibility. The results clearly supported the skills-demands fit hypothesis; concentration and activation were affected only by the tasks' difficulty. Inductive reasoning tasks are a useful tool for the experimental analysis of flow, and skills-demands compatibility is a significant and powerful condition of flow, but not of other, similar psychological states.
Relative Age Effect in Japanese Male Athletes
Authors: Nakata Hiroki , Sakamoto Kiwako
Published: November 2011

The present study investigated the relative age effect, a biased distribution of elite athletes' birthdates, in Japanese male athletes. Japan applies a unique annual-age grouping for sport and education, which is from April 1 to March 31 of the following year. A total of 4,318 male athletes was evaluated from 12 sports: baseball, soccer, basketball, volleyball, handball, golf, horse racing, rugby, American football, sumo, Ekiden (track and field in long distance), and badminton. They played in the top level of Japanese leagues for each sport in 2010. The distribution of the birth dates was examined in each sport and showed significant relative age effect in baseball, soccer, volleyball, Ekiden, basketball, sumo, and horse racing, but not in all sports. The findings suggest that although the school year in Japan starts on April 1, significant relative age effects are observed in some sporting events.
Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Psychological Well-Being in University Students
Authors: Molina-García J. , Castillo I. , Queralt A.
Published: November 2011

An analysis of psychological well-being (self-esteem and subjective vitality) of 639 Spanish university students was performed, while accounting for the amount of leisure-time physical activity. The Spanish versions of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Subjective Vitality Scale were employed. Participants were divided into four groups (Low, Moderate, High, and Very high) depending on estimation of energy expenditure in leisure-time physical activity. Men and women having higher physical activity rated higher mean subjective vitality; however, differences in self-esteem were observed only in men, specifically between Very high and the other physical activity groups.
Exploring Body Weight, Voluntary Activity, and Intrinsic Value in Rats
Authors: Brinegar Jennifer L. , Wood Kaylen P. , Sims William D.
Published: November 2011

Modeling activity-based anorexia, food-deprived rats consistently show that activity increases as weight decreases. This effect was explored in 8 food-deprived, Sprague-Dawley rats as potentially mediated by intrinsic value of activity. Running-wheel activity rates were recorded for free-fed weight, reduction to 90% of free-fed weight, and to 80% of free-fed weight. As expected, activity increased as weight decreased. Further, significant differences appeared in the trends of individual run rates when compared across all trials. These individual trends were expressed as varied rates of running, with extreme high and low run rates prevalent. The rewarding nature of exercise itself might serve to predict these trends in individual rats and reveal potential indicators for the development of activity-based anorexia.
C57 Mice Increase Wheel-Running Behavior following Stress: Preliminary Findings
Authors: Sibold Jeremy S. , Hammack Sayamwong E. , Falls William A.
Published: November 2011

Exercise has been shown to reduce anxiety in both humans and animals. To date, there are few, if any studies that examine the effect of stress on self-selected exercise using an animal model. This study examined the effect of acute stress on wheel-running distance in mice. Forty 8-week-old, male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to one of three groups: no stress + wheel-running experience, stress + wheel-running experience, or stress with no wheel-running experience. Stressed mice were exposed to foot shock in a brightly lit environment. Following treatment, wheel-running distances were observed for three hours. Stress significantly increased voluntary wheel-running in mice with wheel-running experience as compared to nonstressed controls and stressed mice with no wheel-running experience. These results suggest that mice familiar with wheel-running may self-select this exercise as a modality for the mitigation of accumulated anxiety.
Patterns of Female Suicidal Behavior in Ghana
Authors: Adinkrah Mensah
Published: November 2011

The suicidal behavior of African females is a rarely explored topic. The present study is a descriptive analysis of fatal and nonfatal female suicidal behavior in Ghana. Patterns of both fatal and nonfatal female suicidal behavior recorded by the Ghana Police Service during 2006–2008 are examined and described in depth. The data show that during the 3-yr. period, there were 11 fatal and 4 nonfatal suicidal acts by females, out of the total 243 fatal and 44 nonfatal suicidal acts found in the official data. The author describes the ages and occupations of the women and girls who engaged in fatal and nonfatal suicidal behavior, as well as the suicide method, location, circumstances, and police-assigned motives for the suicidal acts. The author concludes that additional research on female suicidal behavior in Africa and other non-Western societies is warranted to develop a more precise understanding of suicidality.
Safety of Using the Adult Omni Resistance Exercise Scale to Determine 1-Rm in Older Men and Women
Authors: Gearhart Randall F. , Riechman Steven E. , Lagally Kristen M. , Andrews Ryan D. , Robertson Robert J.
Published: November 2011

Older adults may be susceptible to injury during high-intensity resistance exercise. It has been suggested that it may be more protective to predict one-repetition maximum (1-RM) than to measure it because of the high intensity associated with 1-RM testing, but it may be necessary to measure 1-RM for functional, diagnostic, or clinical purposes. The method of using the OMNI Resistance Exercise Scale (OMNI–RES) was examined as a guide for hexagenarian adults in estimating 1-RM. 22 healthy men ( M age = 64.3 yr., SD = 3.2) and 27 women ( M age = 63.8 yr., SD = 2.8) volunteered. After two weeks of orientation, participants used a predetermined rating of perceived exertion to select resistance in the assessment of 1-RM and again after 12 weeks of training. At the 1-RM trials, participants were asked to report soreness or injury during or after the exercise sessions. There were no reported incidences of injury during the current investigation. The current results provide a practical method to estimate 1-RM in older adults. As such, the OMNI–RES can be used safely in a potentially at-risk population.
Analytical approximation of the transition density in a local volatility model
Authors: Pagliarani Stefano , Pascucci Andrea
Published: November 2011

We present a simplified approach to the analytical approximation of the transition density related to a general local volatility model. The methodology is sufficiently flexible to be extended to time-dependent coefficients, multi-dimensional stochastic volatility models, degenerate parabolic PDEs related to Asian options and also to include jumps.
Potassium-induced alleviation of salinity stress in Brassica campestris L.
Authors: Umar Shahid , Diva Iram , Anjum Naser , Iqbal Muhammad , Ahmad Iqbal , Pereira Eduarda
Published: November 2011

Salinity is an important abiotic factor that adversely affects major agricultural soils of the world and hence limits crop productivity. An optimum mineral-nutrient status of plants plays critical role in determining plant tolerance to various stresses. A pot experiment was conducted on mustard (Brassica campestris L.) to study the protective role of added potassium (K, 40 mg kg−1 soil) against salinity-stress (0, 40 and 80 mM NaCl)-induced changes in plant growth, photosynthetic traits, ion accumulation, oxidative stress, enzymatic antioxidants and non-enzymatic antioxidants at 30 days after sowing. Increasing NaCl levels decreased the growth, photosynthetic traits and the leaf ascorbate and glutathione content but increased the leaf ion accumulation and oxidative stress, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. In contrast, K-nutrition improved plant growth, photosynthetic traits, activity of antioxidant enzymes and the ascorbate and glutathione content, and reduced ion accumulation and oxidative stress traits in the leaves, more appreciably at 40 mM than at 80 mM NaCl. The study illustrates the physiological and biochemical basis of K-nutrition-induced NaCl tolerance in mustard as a means to achieving increased crop productivity in a sustainable way.
Hepatitis C virus entry into the hepatocyte
Authors: Belouzard Sandrine , Cocquerel Laurence , Dubuisson Jean
Published: November 2011

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a small enveloped virus with a positive stranded RNA genome belonging to the Flaviviridae family. The virion has the unique ability of forming a complex with lipoproteins, which is known as the lipoviroparticle. Lipoprotein components as well as the envelope proteins, E1 and E2, play a key role in virus entry into the hepatocyte. HCV entry is a complex multistep process involving sequential interactions with several cell surface proteins. The virus relies on glycosaminoglycans and possibly the low-density lipoprotein receptors to attach to cells. Furthermore, four specific entry factors are involved in the following steps which lead to virus internalization and fusion in early endosomes. These molecules are the scavenger receptor SRB1, tetraspanin CD81 and two tight junction proteins, Claudin-1 and Occludin. Although they are essential to HCV entry, the precise role of these molecules is not completely understood. Finally, hepatocytes are highly polarized cells and which likely affects the entry process. Our current knowledge on HCV entry is summarized in this review.
Effects of a Social Skills Intervention among High School Students with Intellectual Disabilities and Autism and Their General Education Peers
Authors: Hughes Carolyn , Golas Melissa , Cosgriff Joseph , Brigham Nicolette , Edwards Caitlin , Cashen Kelly
Published: November 2011

Incorporating general education peers into social skills instructional programs has been effective at increasing social interaction of high school students with intellectual disabilities and autism with their classmates. In this study, communication book use (Hughes et al., 2000), combined with providing the opportunity to interact, was associated with increases in conversational initiations and responses of five high school students identified with intellectual disabilities and autism and their general education peers. We also addressed a limitation of Hughes et al. (2000) by expanding the role of peers during generalization to (a) engage in conversational interactions that were more reciprocal and typical of high school student dyads and (b) provide support to participants while interacting. This study adds to the few published social skills interventions involving high school students with intellectual disabilities and autism in inclusive settings and extends findings to a population of students with more varied communication characteristics.
Geochemical Compositions of Marine Fossils as Proxies for Reconstructing Ancient Environmental Conditions
Authors: Kocsis László
Published: November 2011

A brief summary is given here about some of the geochemical methodologies that are often used to obtain information from fossils and sediments about the past environment. Such methods are frequently applied in our project in which the formation of Paleogene phosphate sequences in North
Africa is investigated. These layers were deposited in shallow marine seas during a period of extreme warm climate with a high CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. Some of the characteristics of this greenhouse interval are similar to the modern anthropogenic situation hence it
is intensively investigated from several aspects by many scientists. Here the geochemical compositions of fossils deposited during this time are discussed, focusing on how the data are obtained and how they could be evaluated in terms of palaeo-environmental conditions.
Field-controlled Self-assembly and Disassembly of Colloidal Nanoparticles
Authors: Lattuada Marco , Furlan Marco , Harshe Yogesh
Published: November 2011

Self-assembly of nanoparticles is one of the most promising methods for the preparation of novel materials and devices with exceptional properties. In order to control nanoparticles self-assembly, an understanding of their interactions is absolutely necessary. One convenient way to
achieve a control on their interaction is through the use of external fields. Here we provide two different examples of how interparticle interactions are affected by interactions with external fields. In the first case, magnetic fields are used to induce dipolar interactions among concentrated
suspension of superparamagnetic nanocolloids, which cause them to self-assemble into dense chain-like anisotropic structures, used as templates for the growth of porous materials with tunable properties. In the second case, it is shown how more commonly employed but less understood flow fields
interact with clusters of particles, and lead to their restructuring or disassembly depending upon the shear stress applied.
Towards Macromolecular Architectures of Corannulene
Authors: Stuparu Mihaiela C.
Published: November 2011

In an attempt to introduce corannulene chemistry to macromolecular science, my research program is dedicated to synthetic strategies leading to corannulene-based polymers with interesting architectures and properties. In this brief account, I will discuss the synthesis of a variety
of corannulene-based building blocks (monomers) and their utility in the preparation of a wide range of corannulene-rich macromolecular structures.
New Carbon- and Sulfur-based Ligands in Catalysis
Authors: Dorta Reto
Published: November 2011

Homogeneous catalysis is a field of research that has gained central importance in both organic and inorganic chemistry and the use of well-defined ligand systems in the synthesis of transition metal complexes has had an enormous impact on the development of such catalysts. Neutral,
two-electron donor ligands based on phosphorous and nitrogen have been tremendously successful as ancillary entities for late-transition metal (LTM) catalysts, whereas ligands based on anionic nitrogen, oxygen and the cyclopentadienyl motif (Cp?) have propelled early-transition
metal (ETM) catalysis forward. We believe that expanding the ligand families capable of acting as successful entities in metal-mediated reactivity and catalysis is crucial for future discoveries in this field. Research in our group therefore tries to identify new non-chiral and chiral ligands
for late-transition metal chemistry that are based on neutral, two-electron carbon and sulfur donor atoms. In particular, we have until now focused on the development of modular, monodentate N-heterocyclic carbene ligands (NHCs) that can serve as a basis for the development of chiral ligand
frameworks for the application to asymmetric catalytic transformations. In the second major research project developed over the last six years, we have started an investigation on the use of chelating sulfoxide-based ligands in asymmetric late transition-metal based catalysis.
Russian Christ
Authors: Shnirelman Victor A.
Published: November 2011

Interest in the social role of religion, including religious education (RE), is on the increase in the European Union. Yet whereas Western educators focus mostly on the potential of religion for dialogue and peaceful coexistence, in Russia religion is viewed mostly as a resource for an exclusive cultural-religious identity and resistance to globalization. RE was introduced into the curriculum in Russia during the past ten to fifteen years. The author analyzes why, how, and under what particular conditions RE was introduced in Russia, what this education means, and what social consequences it can entail.
Change and Continuity in British Columbian Perspectives as Illustrated in Social Studies Textbooks from 1885 to 2006
Authors: Broom Catherine
Published: November 2011

This paper presents an overview of British Columbia's (B.C.) educational history, interwoven with descriptions of textbooks. Focusing on social studies textbooks, this article explores change and continuity in the history of public schooling, paying attention to whether citizens were conceptualized as active, passive, or patriotic citizens. It identifies four key periods: the establishment of public schools in B.C., the rise of the Progressivist movement in the 1930s and reaction to it, advocacy of Bruner's structure of disciplines in the 1960s, and pendulum swings in philosophic orientations in the latter part of the twentieth century. The article illustrates connections between contemporary philosophies and textbooks, and identifies continuity and change in the content and aims of the textbooks.
Im Spannungsfeld von Regionalismus und nationaler Identität
Authors: Clemen Martina
Published: November 2011

The Tension between Regionalism and National Identity When Interpreting and Mediating History in Catalan Textbooks

In den letzten Jahren ist in Spanien in den Medien eine heftig ausgetragene Kontroverse entbrannt über Deutung und Vermittlung von Geschichte an öffentlichen Schulen. Eine vergleichende Analyse von Geschichtslehrwerken (2008-2010) dreier Verlagshäuser verschiedener spanischer Regionen bestätigt die dem Beitrag vorangestellte These, dass die Darstellung und der Diskurs der spanischen Historie bewusst zum Aufbau einer nationalen katalanischen Identität eingesetzt werden. Die Divergenzen in der kulturellen bzw. geschichtlichen Perzeption werden durch einen nuancierten Sprachgebrauch, gezielte Selektion der Abbildungen und Quellen sowie strukturelle Anordnung der Schulbuchtexte sichtbar.
Characterization of Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anticancer Property and Chemical Composition of Michelia champaca Seed and Flower Extracts
Authors: Wei Lee Seong , Wee Wendy , Siong Julius Young Fu , Syamsumir Desy Fitrya
Published: November 2011

This study was carried out to characterize antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activities of Michelia champaca seed and flower extracts. The main objective of the present study was to reveal the medicinal values of M. champaca seed and flower for human uses. Antimicrobial property of M. champaca seed and flower extracts were revealed by using two fold microdilution method whereas antioxidant activity of the extract was determined with DPPH radical scavenging method. The anticancer property of the plant extract was revealed through Colorimetric MTT (tetrazolium) assay. The minimum inhibitory concentration values of M. champaca seed and flower extracts ranged from 15.6 to 125mg/l and 7.8 to 62.5mg/l, respectively in which both of the plant extracts were found can inhibit the growth of all the tested bacterial isolates namely A. hydrophila, E. tarda, E. coli, Flavobacterium sp., Klebsiella sp., P. aeruginosa, Salmonella sp., V. alginolyticus, V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus. M. champaca flower extract was able to control the growth of E. tarda, E. coli, Flavobacterium sp., P. aeruginosa and V. cholerae at the concentration of 7.8mg/l whereas A. hydrophila, Klebsiella sp. and V. alginolyticus were failed to grow at the concentration 15.6mg/l. The M. champaca flower extract was also able to control the growth of Salmonella sp. and V. parahaemolyticus at the concentration of 62.5mg/l. At the maximum concentration of M. champaca seed and flower extracts were found can inhibit only 40% of DPPH whereas the IC50 value of M. champaca seed and flower extract against MCF-7 cells was 1.98 ±0.31μg/ml and 1.86 ± 0.21μg/ml, respectively. A total of 9 chemical compounds were successfully identified in M. champaca’s flower extract whereas 37 chemical compounds were found in the leaf extract. The findings of the present study indicated that medicinal values of M. champaca seed & flower extracts in terms of antimicrobial and anticancer are promising.Key words: Antioxidant; Anticancer; Antimicrobial; Chemical compound; Michelia champaca DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjps.v4i1.8862 SJPS 2011; 4(1): 19-24
Dissolution Profile of Ibuprofen Solid Dispersion Prepared with Cellulosic Polymers and Sugar by Fusion Method
Authors: Saffoon Nadia , Jhanker Yeakuty Marzan , Huda Naz Hasan
Published: November 2011

The purpose of this study was to prepare and characterize solid dispersions of the NSAID Ibuprofen with HPMC, HPC, icing sugar, dextrose, mannitol and lactose with the intention of improving its dissolution properties. The solid dispersions were prepared by the fusion method. Evaluation of the properties of the dispersions was performed using dissolution studies. The results obtained showed that the rate of dissolution of Ibuprofen was considerably improved when formulated in solid dispersions with HPMC and HPC. Solid dispersions with icing sugar, dextrose, mannitol and lactose showed drug retarding capability which may trigger more research in the intension of exploiting this feature to prepare sustained release dosage form.   Key words: Ibuprofen; Solid dispersion; Fusion method; Dissolution rate. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjps.v4i1.8864 SJPS 2011; 4(1): 31-37
Simultaneous Estimation of Rosuvastatin Calcium and Fenofibrate in Bulk and in Tablet Dosage Form by UV-Spectrophotometry and RP-HPLC
Authors: Karunakaran Anandakumar , Subhash Vetsa , Chinthala Ramu , Muthuvijayan Jayamaryapan
Published: November 2011

Two methods are described for the simultaneous estimation of Rosuvastatin Calcium and Fenofibrate in binary mixture. The first method was based on UV Spectrophotometric determination of two drugs, using simultaneous equation method. It involves absorbance measurement at 243nm (λmax of Rosuvastatin Calcium) and 287nm (λmax of Fenofibrate) in methanol; linearity was obtained in the range of 1-6 μg/ml and 4-28 μg/ml for Rosuvastatin Calcium and Fenofibrate, respectively. The second method was based on HPLC separation of two drugs in reverse phase mode using Luna C18 column. Linearity was obtained in the concentration of 1-7 μg/ml and 4-28 μg/ml for Rosuvastatin Calcium and Fenofibrate, respectively. Both these methods have been successively applied to pharmaceutical formulation and were validated according to ICH guidelines.   Key words: Rosuvastatin Calcium; Fenofibrate; UV Spectrophotometry; HPLC; Method validation DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjps.v4i1.8868 SJPS 2011; 4(1): 58-63
Development of a Simple, Sensitive and Rapid Quantitative Analytical Method for Lomefloxacin by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Amran Mohammad Shah , Hossain Mohammad Rumman , Amjad Farhad Mohammad , Sultana Sania , Baki Mohammad Abdullahil , Hossain Muhammad Amjad
Published: November 2011

An attempt has been made to develop a simple, sensitive and rapid high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method of analysis for lomefloxacin as in pharmaceutical dosage form using 0.025 M phosphoric acid and acetonitrile (80:20) as mobile phases. The mobile phase was used as solvents to dissolve lomefloxacin and 0.0122 mg/mL stock solution was prepared. Lomefloxacin solution was scanned with UV-spectrophotometer and the absorption maximum (λmax) was found to be 287 nm. This method was successfully applied to five eye drop dosage forms of lomefloxacin encoded as pp1, pp2, pp3, pp4 and pp5 marketed by five different pharmaceutical companies and the result was found to be satisfactory and reproducible. The method was validated by spiked recovery experiments and shown to be linear for lomefloxacin. The method can be used for routine analysis in both research laboratories, and pharmaceutical and chemical industries to analyze the drugs and chemicals without any interference by the excipients.   Key words: Lomefloxacin; HPLC; Analysis; Reproducible. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjps.v4i1.8871 SJPS 2011; 4(1): 69-73
Towards improved archaeological archiving in Scotland
Authors: Brundle Anne
Published: November 2011

Excavated artefacts that have clear contextual records are much more informative than those that have none. Twelve distinctive pins found scattered across a site might be taken to indicate that they were common among the people who lived there. However, if the pins were known to have been found together then a range of different interpretations might come to mind drawing information from the context in which they were found. In interpreting artefacts, understanding the find context is every bit as important as understanding the physical properties of the objects themselves.

Contextual information however, may be hard to come by in the archives, or hard to understand for researchers without prior knowledge of the site. It ought to be possible to archive archaeological object and site information in such a way that researchers can navigate between artefacts, contexts, site plans and photographs.

This paper proposes information groupings that might be created relatively simply in the excavation, post-excavation or archiving process in order to make research information more easily accessible than it is at present. Some changes in practice will be very simple. Others may not be so easy or so cheap, but if we do not do all that we can to create archaeological archives that are intellectually accessible then we fail the public we serve.
Ursolic Acid Inhibits Na+/K+-ATPase Activity and Prevents TNF-α-Induced Gene Expression by Blocking Amino Acid Transport and Cellular Protein Synthesis
Authors: Yokomichi Tomonobu , Morimoto Kyoko , Oshima Nana , Yamada Yuriko , Fu Liwei , Taketani Shigeru , Ando Masayoshi , Kataoka Takao
Published: November 2011

Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, induce the expression of a wide variety of genes, including intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) was identified to inhibit the cell-surface ICAM-1 expression induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines in human lung carcinoma A549 cells. Ursolic acid was found to inhibit the TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 protein expression almost completely, whereas the TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 mRNA expression and NF-κB signaling pathway were decreased only partially by ursolic acid. In line with these findings, ursolic acid prevented cellular protein synthesis as well as amino acid uptake, but did not obviously affect nucleoside uptake and the subsequent DNA/RNA syntheses. This inhibitory profile of ursolic acid was similar to that of the Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor, ouabain, but not the translation inhibitor, cycloheximide. Consistent with this notion, ursolic acid was found to inhibit the catalytic activity of Na+/K+-ATPase. Thus, our present study reveals a novel molecular mechanism in which ursolic acid inhibits Na+/K+-ATPase activity and prevents the TNF-α-induced gene expression by blocking amino acid transport and cellular protein synthesis.
MATES in Construction: Impact of a Multimodal, Community-Based Program for Suicide Prevention in the Construction Industry
Authors: Gullestrup Jorgen , Lequertier Belinda , Martin Graham
Published: November 2011

A large-scale workplace-based suicide prevention and early intervention program was delivered to over 9,000 construction workers on building sites across Queensland. Intervention components included universal General Awareness Training (GAT; general mental health with a focus on suicide prevention); gatekeeper training provided to construction worker volunteer ‘Connectors’; Suicide First Aid (ASIST) training offered to key workers; outreach support provided by trained and supervised MIC staff; state-wide suicide prevention hotline; case management service; and postvention support provided in the event of a suicide. Findings from over 7,000 workers (April 2008 to November 2010) are reported, indicating strong construction industry support, with 67% building sites and employers approached agreeing to participate in MIC. GAT participants demonstrated significantly increased suicide prevention awareness compared with a comparison group. Connector training participants rated MIC as helpful and effective, felt prepared to intervene with a suicidal person, and knew where to seek help for a suicidal individual following the training. Workers engaged positively with the after-hours crisis support phone line and case management. MIC provided postvention support to 10 non-MIC sites and sites engaged with MIC, but not yet MIC-compliant. Current findings support the potential effectiveness and social validity of MIC for preventing suicide in construction workers.
Nifedipine Protects INS-1 β-Cell from High Glucose-Induced ER Stress and Apoptosis
Authors: Wang Yao , Gao Lu , Li Yuan , Chen Hong , Sun Zilin
Published: November 2011

Sustained high concentration of glucose has been verified toxic to β-cells. Glucose augments Ca2+-stimulated insulin release in pancreatic β-cells, but chronic high concentration of glucose could induce a sustained level of Ca2+ in β-cells, which leads to cell apoptosis. However, the mechanism of high glucose-induced β-cell apoptosis remains unclear. In this study, we use a calcium channel blocker, nifedipine, to investigate whether the inhibition of intracellular Ca2+ concentration could protect β-cells from chronic high glucose-induced apoptosis. It was found that in a concentration of 33.3 mM, chronic stimulation of glucose could induce INS-1 β-cells apoptosis at least through the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway and 10 μM nifedipine inhibited Ca2+ release to protect β-cells from high glucose-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis. These results indicated that inhibition of Ca2+ over-accumulation might provide benefit to attenuate islet β-cell decompensation in a high glucose environment.
Cellulose Isolation Methodology for NMR Analysis of Cellulose Ultrastructure
Authors: Foston Marcus B. , Hubbell Chistopher A. , Ragauskas Art J.
Published: November 2011

In order to obtain accurate information about the ultrastructure of cellulose from native biomass by 13C cross polarization magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) NMR spectroscopy the cellulose component must be isolated due to overlapping resonances from both lignin and hemicellulose. Typically, cellulose isolation has been achieved via holocellulose pulping to remove lignin followed by an acid hydrolysis procedure to remove the hemicellulose components. Using 13C CP/MAS NMR and non-linear line-fitting of the cellulose C4 region, it was observed that the standard acid hydrolysis procedure caused an apparent increase in crystallinity of ~10% or less on the cellulose isolated from Populus holocellulose. We have examined the effect of the cellulose isolation method, particularly the acid treatment time for hemicellulose removal, on cellulose ultrastructural characteristics by studying these effects on cotton, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and holocellulose pulped Populus. 13C CP/MAS NMR of MCC indicated that holocellulose pulping and acid hydrolysis has little effect on the crystalline ultrastructural components of cellulose. Although any chemical method to isolate cellulose from native biomass will invariably alter substrate characteristics, especially those related to regions accessible to solvents, we found those changes to be minimal and consistent in samples of typical crystallinity and lignin/hemicellulose content. Based on the rate of the hemicellulose removal, as determined by HPLC-carbohydrate analysis and magnitude of cellulose ultrastructural alteration, the most suitable cellulose isolation methodology utilizes a treatment of 2.5 M HCl at 100 °C for a standard residence time between 1.5 and 4 h. However, for the most accurate crystallinity results this residence time should be determined empirically for a particular sample.