bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Implementasi Sistem Informasi Manajemen Daerah, Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia dan Penerapan Standar Akuntansi Pemerintah Terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan Pemerintah
Authors: Agustina Mutia  , Achyat Budianto  , Mistiani Mistiani
Published: January 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of SIMDA, HR quality and SAP implementation on the quality of government financial reports at the Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency of Merangin Regency. This study uses a quantitative approach with primary data in the form of observations, interviews and questionnaires. Sampling in this study used a purposive sampling technique with a sample of 40 people. In this study using multiple linear regression analysis and testing the hypothesis on the T test and F test and analysis of the coefficient of determination. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of regional management information systems and the quality of human resources have no significant effect on the quality of government financial reports, while the research results for the variable of application of government accounting standards show that they have a significant effect on the quality of financial reports. For simultaneous test results (F test), namely the implementation of regional management information systems, the quality of human resources and the application of government accounting standards have a joint effect on the quality of government financial reports. The results of the coefficient of determination (R2) show that the independent variables namely SIMDA implementation, HR quality and SAP implementation can explain the variable quality of government financial reports by 61%, the remaining 31% is influenced by other variables not examined in this study.
PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS, LEVERAGE DAN PRODUKTIVITAS TERHADAP PERINGKAT OBLIGASI PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI PERIODE TAHUN 2020-2022
Authors: Nathanael Fransiskus Mangile  , Batara Daniel Bagana,SE.,M.M.
Published: January 2024

The stock exchange is the market where trading in stocks, bonds and other financial instruments takes place. The stock exchange is a place where companies can issue shares to obtain funds from investors, and investors can buy shares as a form of company ownership and benefit from changes in share prices. This study aims to measure how significant the influence of Profitability, Leverage and productivity is in determining bond ratings in manufacturing companies in 2020-2022. The sample in this study is a manufacturing company that issues bonds and is rated by PEFINDO (Indonesian Rating Agency), uses the rupiah currency in presenting the company's financial statements, and publishes complete audited financial statements. The data source used comes from the official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), namely www.idx.co.id and the bond rating database accessed from PTPEFINDO (www.pefindo.com). The conclusion of this study is that profitability has a positive effect on bond ratings, leverage has a negative effect on bond ratings and productivity has no effect on bond ratings.

 

Keywords: Profitabilitas, Obligasi, Leverage, Produktifitas
Analisis Kinerja Keuangan pada Perusahaan Jaringan Distribusi Ritel di Indonesia
Authors: Aviyatno Arief Fajar , Muammar Nur Kholid
Published: January 2024

Financial performance analysis plays a crucial role in assessing the overall health and effectiveness of a company. This research focuses on analyzing the financial performance of a retail distribution network company in Indonesia, utilizing quantitative descriptive methods. It employs financial ratio and common size analyses on primary data from financial statements to comprehend the company's financial position, profitability, liquidity, and solvency. Through a quantitative descriptive observational design, secondary data from literature and documents are collected. The analysis includes assessing liquidity via current and cash ratios, profitability through metrics like ROA, ROI, and ROE, as well as evaluating solvency using relevant ratios. The findings provide insights into the company's performance, revealing potential short-term issues due to decreasing current and cash ratios and fluctuations in profitability. These insights assist stakeholders in making informed decisions and formulating strategies, underscoring the significance of financial analysis in evaluating a company's health.
Pengaruh Kinerja Keuangan dan Corporate Governance terhadap Penghindaran Pajak
Authors: Wulandari Sartika , Rachmawati Meita Oktaviani  , Sunarto  , Widhian Hardiyanti
Published: January 2024

Tax avoidance is a strategy that aims to minimize corporate tax on pre-tax profit. This study aims to provide empirical evidence regarding the effect of company size, profitability, independent commissioners, and institutional ownership on tax evasion during the Covid-19 pandemic. The population in this study are manufacturing sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2020-2021 period. By using purposive sampling technique, data were obtained from 74 companies so that 148 observations were obtained. This study shows the results that manufacturing sector companies listed on the IDX during the pandemic period, namely 2020-2021, several factors from financial performance and corporate governance influence the company's tax avoidance actions. The financial performance represented by the variable firm size and profitability shows a positive effect on tax evasion. In corporate governance, independent commissioners and institutional ownership have a negative effect on tax avoidance.
Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Likuiditas, Ukuran Perusahaan dan Struktur Aktiva Terhadap Struktur Modal Pada Perusahaan Property dan Real Estate
Authors: Haryati Indah , Muhammad Rosidi
Published: January 2024

The research aimed to return on asset, current ratio, company size and assets structure on capital structure at property and real estate companies in indonesia stock exchange year of 2020-2022. The selected sample were 64 companies through purposive sampling. Souurces of data used secondary data with data collection through documentation. The data analysis technique used multiple linear regression. The results showed that the return on asset has a positive and signification effect on capital structure. Current ratio has a negative and signification effect on capital structure. Company size does not have a signification effect on capital structure. Asset structure has a positive and signification effect on capital structure.
From iron curtain to green belt: Shift from heterotrophic to autotrophic nitrogen retention in the Elbe River over 35 years of passive restoration
Authors: Wachholz Alexander , Jawitz James W. , Borchardt Dietrich
Published: January 2024

Abstract. We investigate changes in in-stream nitrogen retention and metabolic processes in the River Elbe between 1978 and 2020. We analyzed multi-decadal time series data and developed a metabolic nitrogen demand model to explain trends in dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) retention, gross primary production (GPP), and ecosystem respiration (ER) during a period of highly dynamic pollution pressures in the Elbe River (Central Europe). Our findings reveal a marked increase in summer DIN retention and a decrease in winter DIN retention, establishing a distinct seasonal pattern. We identified three periods in the Elbe's DIN retention dynamics: dominantly heterotrophic under high pollution pressure (1980–1990), transition (1990–2003), and dominantly autotrophic with lower pollution (2003–2017). We link these changes to reduced industrial pollution, improved wastewater treatment, and a shift in the in-stream balance between heterotrophic and autotrophic processes. During the first period, high ER and heterotrophic growth efficiency contributed to elevated metabolic nitrogen demand, primarily driven by heterotrophic processes. As pollution levels decreased, GPP rates increased, and ER gradually declined, prompting a shift towards an autotrophic-dominated nitrogen retention regime. Our study indicates a tight coupling of nutrient reduction from external sources and dominant processes of natural attenuation in large rivers which needs to be considered for projections of recovery trajectories towards sustainable water quality.
Geographically divergent trends in snow disappearance timing and fire ignitions across boreal North America
Authors: Hessilt Thomas D. , Rogers Brendan M. , Scholten Rebecca C. , Potter Stefano , Janssen Thomas A. J. , Veraverbeke Sander
Published: January 2024

Abstract. The snow cover extent across the Northern Hemisphere has diminished, while the number of lightning ignitions and amount of burned area have increased over the last 5 decades with accelerated warming. However, the effects of earlier snow disappearance on fire are largely unknown. Here, we assessed the influence of snow disappearance timing on fire ignitions across 16 ecoregions of boreal North America. We found spatially divergent trends in earlier (later) snow disappearance, which led to an increasing (decreasing) number of ignitions for the northwestern (southeastern) ecoregions between 1980 and 2019. Similar northwest–southeast divergent trends were observed in the changing length of the snow-free season and correspondingly the fire season length. We observed increases (decreases) over northwestern (southeastern) boreal North America which coincided with a continental dipole in air temperature changes between 2001 and 2019. Earlier snow disappearance induced earlier ignitions of between 0.22 and 1.43 d earlier per day of earlier snow disappearance in all ecoregions between 2001 and 2019. Early-season ignitions (defined by the 20 % earliest fire ignitions per year) developed into significantly larger fires in 8 out of 16 ecoregions, being on average 77 % larger across the whole domain. Using a piecewise structural equation model, we found that earlier snow disappearance is a good direct proxy for earlier ignitions but may also result in a cascade of effects from earlier desiccation of fuels and favorable weather conditions that lead to earlier ignitions. This indicates that snow disappearance timing is an important trigger of land–atmosphere dynamics. Future warming and consequent changes in snow disappearance timing may contribute to further increases in western boreal fires, while it remains unclear how the number and timing of fire ignitions in eastern boreal North America may change with climate change.
Measurement Report: Effects of transition metal ions on the optical properties of humic-like substances revealing structural preference
Authors: Qin Juanjuan , Zhang Leiming , Qin Yuanyuan , Shi Shaoxuan , Li Jingnan , Shu Zhao , Gao Yuwei , Qi Ting , Tan Jihua , Wang Xinming
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Humic-like substances (HULIS) are complex macromolecules in water-soluble organic compounds containing multiple functional groups, and transition metal ions (TMs) are ubiquitous in atmospheric particles. In this study, potential physical and chemical interactions between HULIS and four TM species including Cu2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+ were analyzed by optical method under acidic, weakly acidic and neutral conditions. The results showed that Cu2+, Mn2+, and Zn2+ only slightly enhanced mass absorption efficiency (MAE365) of HULIS in winter, and had indiscernible effects on absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) of HULIS in both seasons under all acidity conditions. All four TMs had fluorescence quenching effects on winter HULIS, and only Cu2+ had similar effects on summer HULIS, with the highest quenching coefficients found under weakly acidic condition in both seasons. The 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra revealed that Cu2+ mainly bound with aromatic species and tightened the molecule structures of HULIS. The parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) results extracted four components of HULIS, including low-oxidized humic-like substances (C1), N-containing compounds (C2), highly-oxidized humic-like substances (C3), and the mixing residentials (C4), from the fluorescence spectra in both winter and summer. The divergent variations of HULIS spectral components with Cu2+ additions under three acidity conditions indicated that electron-donating groups of HULIS mainly corresponded to C1 and C3, with Cu2+ binding with HULIS by replacing proton, while electron-withdrawing groups of HULIS could correspond to C2, with its connection with Cu2+ through electrostatic adsorption or colliding induced energy transfer.
Assessment of Future Precipitation Changes in Mediterranean Climate Regions from CMIP6 ensemble
Authors: Tarín-Carrasco Patricia , Petrova Desislava , Chica-Castells Laura , Lukovic Jelena , Rodó Xavier , Cvijanovic Ivana
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Previous studies have indicated a large model disagreement in the future projections of precipitation changes over the regions featuring Mediterranean climate. Many of these highly populated regions have been experiencing major droughts in the recent decades, raising concerns about future precipitation changes and their impacts. Here we investigate precipitation projections across the five Mediterranean climate regions in the CMIP6 ensemble, and study their respective model agreements on the sign of future precipitation changes. We focus on the period 2050–2079 relative to 1970–1999, and consider two climate change scenarios (ssp2-4.5 and ssp5-8.5) over the Mediterranean Basin (MED), California (CAL), the central coast of Chile (SAA), the Cape Province area of South Africa (SAF) and southwest Australia (AUS). The CMIP6 ensemble mean suggests that annual mean cumulative precipitation will decrease over all the regions studied with the exception of northern California. In most cases, this decline is primarily attributed to a reduction in winter precipitation, except over the Mediterranean Basin, where the most significant decrease occurs in autumn. The model agreement on the sign of future precipitation changes is generally high over the regions and seasons where the ensemble mean indicates the precipitation decline in the future, and low over the regions showing the precipitation increase or no change. Specifically, the model agreement is low in southern California during all seasons, in northern Mediterranean during winter and autumn, and in southwest Australia during austral summer and autumn. CMIP6 ensemble means also indicate that the consecutive dry days (CDD) will increase in the future in all regions, but again the model agreement on this increase is low over southern and central California, the southern Mediterranean, and parts of southwest Australia. Similarly, the ensemble mean consecutive wet days (CWD) indicates a decrease in all regions, with weak model agreement on the sign of future changes over CAL, northeast AUS and part of the MED region. The ensemble mean maximum one-day precipitation increases over all the regions, the most over the parts of southwest Australia and the Mediterranean. We conclude that despite substantial improvements to the new CMIP6 generation of models, the intermodel differences in future projections of precipitation changes continue to be high across parts of California, the Mediterranean Basin and southwest Australia. Impact studies need to account for these uncertainties and consider the whole intermodel range of projected precipitation changes.
Development of deformational regimes and microstructures in the deep sections and overall layered structures of the Dome Fuji ice core, Antarctica
Authors: Saruya Tomotaka , Miyamoto Atsushi , Fujita Shuji , Goto-Azuma Kumiko , Hirabayashi Motohiro , Hori Akira , Igarashi Makoto , Iizuka Yoshinori , Kameda Takao , Ohno Hiroshi , Shigeyama Wataru , Tsutaki Shun
Published: January 2024

Abstract. An in-depth examination of rheology within the deep sections of polar ice sheets is essential for enhancing our understanding of glacial flow. In this study, we investigate the crystalline textural properties of the 3035-m-long Antarctic deep ice core, with a particular emphasis on its lowermost 20 %. We examine the crystal orientation fabric (COF) and compare it with various other properties from the ice core. In the uppermost approximately 80 % thickness zone (UP80%), the clustering strength of single pole COF steadily increased, reaching its possible maximum at the bottom of the UP80%. Below 1800 m in the UP80%, layers with more or fewer dusty impurities exhibit slower or faster growth of cluster strength. This situation continued until 2650 m. In the remaining lowermost approximately 20 % thickness zone (LO20%), the trend of the COF clustering strength changed around 2650 m and exhibited substantial fluctuations below this depth. In more impurity-rich layers, stronger clustering is maintained. In impurity-poor layers, relaxation of the COF clustering occurred due to the emergence of new crystal grains with c-axis orientation distinctly offset from the existing cluster, and dynamic recrystallization related to this emergence. The less impure layers show apparent features of bulging and migrating grain boundaries. We argue that the substantial deformational regime of polar ice sheets involves dislocation creep in both UP80% and LO20%, with dynamic recrystallization playing a critical role in the LO20%, particularly in impurity-poor layers, to recover a potential of COF available for the continuation of dislocation-creep-based deformation. Furthermore, we observe that layers and cluster axes of COF rotate meridionally due to rigid-body rotation caused by simple shear strain above subglacial slopes. These features provide vital clues for the development of the 3D structure of polar ice sheets in the deeper part, leading to inhomogeneous deformation between layers in various thickness scales, and the formation of folds, faults and mixing depending on the layers.
An urban module coupled with the Variable Infiltration Capacity model to improve hydrothermal simulations in urban systems
Authors: Wang Yibing , Xie Xianhong , Zhu Bowen , Tursun Arken , Jiang Fuxiao , Liu Yao , Peng Dawei , Zheng Buyun
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Global urban expansion has altered surface aerodynamics and hydrothermal dynamics, aggravating environmental challenges such as urban heat/dry islands. To identify such environmental responses, various physical models, including urban canyon models (UCMs) and land surface models (LSMs), have been developed to represent surface hydrothermal processes. However, UCMs often treat a city as a unified entity and overlook subcity heterogeneity. LSMs are generally designed for natural land covers and lack the capability to capture urban characteristics. To address these limitations, the aim of this study is to couple an urban module with a sophisticated LSM, i.e., the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model. This coupled model, i.e., the VIC-urban model, is characterized by its ability to coordinate certain critical urban features, including the urban geometry, radiative interactions, and human impacts. Adopting Beijing as an evaluation site, the VIC-urban model shows higher performance than the original version, with excellent accuracy in simulating sensible heat, latent heat, runoff, and land surface temperature (LST). The absolute error is smaller than 25 % for the sensible heat and latent heat, and smaller than 12 % and 30 % for the LST and runoff, respectively, which indicates that VIC-urban can effectively simulate hydrological and thermal fluxes in urban systems. Sensitivity analysis reveals that the roof emissivity and interception capacity exert the greatest impact on the roof temperature and evaporation, and the height-width ratio exerts the greatest influence on the canyon. Our work introduces a reliable option for large-scale land surface simulations that accounts for urban environments, and is among the first attempts to establish a systematic urban modelling framework of the VIC model. The VIC-urban model enables the analysis of urbanization-induced environmental changes and quantification of environmental variations among different urban configurations. The proposed model can thus offer invaluable insights for urban planners and landscape designers.
Solid-state 13C-NMR spectroscopic determination of side-chain mobilities in zirconium-based metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Hempel Günter , Kurz Ricardo , Paasch Silvia , Saalwächter Kay , Brunner Eike
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Porous interpenetrated zirconium–organic frameworks (PIZOFs) are a class of Zr-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) which are composed of long, rod-like dicarboxylate linkers and Zr6O4(OH)4(O2C)12 nodes. Long oligoethylene glycol or aliphatic side chains are covalently attached to the linker molecules in the cases of PIZOF-10 and PIZOF-11, respectively. These side chains are supposedly highly mobile, thus mimicking a solvent environment. It is anticipated that such MOFs could be used as a solid catalyst – the MOF – with pore systems showing properties similar to a liquid reaction medium. To quantify the side-chain mobility, here we have applied different 1D and 2D NMR solid-state spectroscopic techniques like cross-polarization (CP) and dipolar-coupling chemical-shift correlation (DIPSHIFT) studies. The rather high 1H-13C CP efficiency observed for the CH2 groups of the side chains indicates that the long side chains are unexpectedly immobile or at least that their motions are strongly anisotropic. More detailed information about the mobility of the side chains was then obtained from DIPSHIFT experiments. Analytical expressions for elaborate data analysis are derived. These expressions are used to correlate order parameters and to slow motional rates with signals in indirect spectral dimensions, thus enabling the quantification of order parameters for the CH2 groups. The ends of the chains are rather mobile, whereas the carbon atoms close to the linker are more spatially restricted in mobility.
THE STUDENTS’ ABILITY IN TRANSLATING TEXT OF ARTS COLUMN IN NEWS WEEK MAGAZINE BY USING DETERMINING SENTENCE DIFFICULTY
Authors: Diana Apriana
Published: January 2024

Language is very essential for human being. By using language, we can communicate between one another. The everyday use of this term involves several different senses, which linguistics is careful to distinguish. At its most specific level, it may refer to the concrete act of speaking, writing, or signing in a given situation-the notion of parole, or performance. Objective. To know the students’ ability in translating text of Arts column in News Week Magazine by using Determining Sentence Difficulty and To describe the errors made by the students in translating text of Arts Column in News Week Magazine by using Determining Sentence Difficulty. Sample, The research project will be carried out in Muhammadiyah University of North Sumatera, in Faculty of Teacher Training and Education of English Department at the 6th semester. Total sample 149 respondences. Design of research, The research will apply a descriptive quantitative research model. Applying this model is due to the facts that data in this research basically a static or quantitative data that is based on the students’ ability in using Determining Sentence Difficulty. Data analysis, The following procedure will be implemented to analyze the data, Scoring the students’ answer  the researcher can make sure that the students’ understand or able to translate the text. Calculating.  Percentage Scores =  (Total Scores)/(Total Item Test)  x 100%.  Conclusions, The translating text of Arts column in News Week Magazine by using Determining Sentence Difficulty are effective to use by the students
AN ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT STUDENTS' ABILITY IN TOEFL READING COMPREHENSION
Authors: Nuraini Solpia , Trisnawati Winda , Kurniawan Ridho
Published: January 2024

Abstract:

 

            The TOEFL test is globally acknowledged as the foremost assessment tool for evaluating English proficiency levels (Warfield, 2013:133). This study explores the English department students' readiness for the TOEFL examination, with a specific focus on 4th-semester students enrolled in the TOEFL preparation class at STKIP MB. An observed issue pertains to reading comprehension difficulties encountered by students in this class. This difficulty primarily stems from the complexity and length of the texts, making it challenging to grasp the core ideas. Furthermore, students have been exposed to Academic Reading and Extensive Reading prior to the advanced Reading (TOEFL reading) section. This context demands specific skills such as extracting key ideas from passages, addressing direct and indirect questions, and enhancing vocabulary (Phillips, 2001).

            This research identifies a link between reading comprehension and reading techniques. Patel and Jain (2008:80) distinguish intensive, extensive, Aloud, and Silent reading techniques, with students struggling to maintain focus and comprehend texts effectively. Inefficient strategies often lead to time-consuming responses to reading comprehension questions. Another significant hurdle is that students tend to read passages word by word, hindering their ability to retain information. Harmar (2018:25) aptly notes, "Reading is an exercise dominated by the eyes and the brain," emphasizing that reading serves as a medium to obtain information and understand the meaning of text. However, the reality reveals a deficit in understanding words or sentences in English among some students, indicative of inadequate reading comprehension and limited vocabulary.

This research also highlights the challenges faced by college students preparing for TOEFL, wherein tests exhibit varied formats, making them significantly different from typical assessments. The abundance of seemingly correct answer choices often perplexes students, leading to confusion and inconsistency in selecting the right answers. Furthermore, the students frequently grapple with tense usage and vocabulary limitations in the English language. Notably, reading comprehension consistently emerges as the lowest-scoring section in the TOEFL test.

            In conclusion, this study aims to address the reading comprehension difficulties encountered by STKIP MB 4th Semester Students in the TOEFL preparation class. By examining the correlation between reading techniques, comprehension strategies, and vocabulary enhancement, the research strives to provide effective solutions to improve TOEFL reading scores and overall English proficiency among students.

 

Keywords :Reading, Reading strategy , TOEFL.
THE ROLE OF ACADEMIC ADVISORS IN SERVING GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING FOR STUDENTS IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: Abdulah Abdulah
Published: January 2024

This research was conducted based on empirical findings which showed that the problem was the low level of guidance and counseling services for students to academic supervisors in universities. Therefore, it is necessary to know clearly in responding to the situation, so that the problem lies where, whether it is because of their ignorance or their lack of understanding of the existence of guidance and counseling services in universities. This study aims to determine the role of lecturers in guidance and counseling services in universities. The method used in this study is a descriptive method in the form of survey research. The research subjects are lecturers and students of the primary school teacher education study program for the 2021/2022 academic year. Based on the analysis of the data in the study, it can be concluded that the role of lecturers in guidance and counseling services is in the fairly good category.
O impacto de prácticas orgânicas no valor agregado da agricultura
Authors: Lisbinski Fernanda Cigainski
Published: January 2024

Este estudo busca analisar como a agricultura orgânica afeta o valor agregado da agricultura. Para isso, estimou-se um modelo econométrico de dados em painel, utilizando os métodos de Efeitos Fixos, Efeito Fixo Corrigido e GLS (Generalized Least Square), com dados de 1995 a 2018. Os resultados demonstraram que práticas associadas à agricultura orgânica causam impactos positivos e significativos no valor agregado dos produtos agrícolas, enquanto práticas relacionadas ao uso de ações não sustentáveis e degradantes impactam negativamente e significativamente no valor agregado dos produtos. Verificou-se ainda que, práticas da agricultura convencional, como uso de fertilizantes e pesticidas, apesar de apresentar um impacto positivo no valor agregado do produto agrícola, este foi significativamente inferior ao uso de práticas orgânicas.
The LWL–Olin Shotshell Adaptor for the M79 Grenade Launcher
Authors: Jenzen-Jones N.R.
Published: January 2024

This article examines the little-known LWL–Olin M79 Shotshell Adaptor for the M79 light grenade launcher, which originates with the U.S. Army’s Limited Warfare Laboratory and was produced by Winchester under a contract between the LWL and Olin Corporation. Developed in the context of jungle warfare and close-range combat encounters during the Vietnam War, the M79 Shotshell Adaptor was one of several anti-personnel developments trialled with the M79. Ultimately, it was not adopted by the U.S. military and only a limited number of prototype models were fabricated. This article draws on a review of primary and secondary source material, as well as the author’s inspection of an extant example of the adaptor, today held in the collection of the Cody Firearms Museum.
Report: The 2022 Kurt Swanson Bucholz Arsenals of History Symposium
Authors: Michael Danny
Published: January 2024

2023 marked the fifth installment of the of the Kurt Swanson Bucholz Arsenals of History symposium. This year, the event was hosted off-site for the first time, at the Springfield Armory National Historic Site in Springfield, Massachusetts. As always, we sought to convene original research into any historical firearms related topic. Despite hosting off site that focus remained the same and the presentations this year were thoroughly engaging and covered a wide range of subjects.
The First Sub-machine Gun: The Officine di Villar Perosa Machine Gun of 1915 (Part II)
Authors: Clifford Frederick
Published: January 2024

This article aims to present a detailed and more nuanced examination of the development, production, and military application of the Pistola Mitragliatrice OVP (‘OVP Machine Pistol’), a unique and unusual twin-barrelled, pistol-calibre machine gun introduced in Italy during the First World War. The design process which led to the OVP machine gun is first described, followed by an assessment of its rapid adoption by the Italian Army and subsequent deployment as both an infantry support weapon and an aerial weapon fitted to military aircraft. Its efficacy in combat and impact on infantry tactics of the period are reviewed, in addition to its influence on the design of similar Austro-Hungarian small arms, and finally, its evolution into both a single-barrelled automatic carbine and a rifle-calibre light machine gun are described, along with its post-war legacy.
HISTORY OF THE PROFESSION OF PHARMACY IN INDIA
Authors: Rana Prof. (Dr.) Yesh Partap Singh , Deva Prof. (Dr.) Varsha
Published: January 2024

Pharmacy education in India has a rich history, originating with the establishment of Banaras Hindu University in 1917, and evolving to encompass diverse pharmacy programs across the country. The historical overview delves into ancient medicinal traditions, indigenous practices, foreign influences, and pivotal eras like Mughal rule and British colonialism. The emergence of modern pharmacy, marked by the growth of the pharmaceutical industry and the Pharmacy Act of 1948, paved the way for post-independence developments, including India's prominence in generic drug production. Traditional medicine integration, challenges in regulation, and the emphasis on research and innovation in drug discovery are key aspects. The pharmaceutical industry's trajectory from traditional medicines to global manufacturing hub is explored, as is the evolution of pharmacy practice towards a broader healthcare role. Professional associations like the Pharmacy Council of India and the Indian Pharmaceutical Association have played vital roles, while challenges and future directions underscore the need for standardization, regulatory compliance, and continued research in the evolving landscape of Indian pharmacy.
PHARMACY AS A CAREER
Authors: Sharma Prof. (Dr.) Satish Kumar , Asif Mr. Mohd
Published: January 2024

The pharmacy profession, characterized by dynamism and versatility, holds a pivotal role in healthcare, covering aspects from education to evolving responsibilities. This section delves into educational requirements, career paths, job prospects, and the evolving role of pharmacists. It explores diverse settings and challenges, emphasizing the importance of continuing education and ethical considerations. The comprehensive guide outlines the multifaceted nature of pharmacy, from specialization and practice settings to the evolving responsibilities within the modern healthcare landscape.
POWDERS AND GRANULES IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS
Authors: Kumar Mr. Jonny , Rana Prof. (Dr.) Yesh Partap Singh
Published: January 2024

Powders and granules, vital in pharmaceutical solid dosage forms, are explored for their properties, formulation nuances, and diverse applications. Particle size, bulk density, and flowability significantly impact dissolution, packaging, and manufacturing processes. Excipients like binders and lubricants play a pivotal role, with granulation techniques enhancing flow properties. Precise moisture control is imperative for stability. Applications range from tablet manufacturing and capsule filling to oral and dusting powders, extending to inhalation products. Quality control measures ensure consistent product quality, aligning with stringent regulatory standards for pharmaceutical powders and granules.
NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS (NDDS)
Authors: Khan Mr. Monish , Kumar Mr. Harsh
Published: January 2024

This chapter elucidates Novel Drug Delivery Systems (NDDS), innovative approaches revolutionizing pharmaceutical effectiveness, safety, and patient adherence. NDDS enable controlled drug release, specific targeting, and enhanced bioavailability, addressing challenges of conventional delivery. It explores diverse systems, such as Nanoparticle-Based, Targeted, Oral, Injectable, Transdermal, Pulmonary, and Nasal Drug Delivery Systems, showcasing examples like liposomal doxorubicin and trastuzumab emtansine. NDDS promise benefits like improved efficacy, targeted delivery, and reduced toxicity, though challenges include formulation complexity, regulatory compliance, stability concerns, cost-effectiveness, and patient acceptance.
Didácticas virtuales y práctica docente
Authors: Vásquez Caicedo Jorge Alejandro , Morales Reynoso Tania , Santos López Aristeo , Jaramillo Martínez Edith Araceli , Muñoz García Luz Janelly , Ramírez Bermúdez Jesús , Alfaro Hernández Rosa Isela , Barrios Reyes Santa , Palacios Santos Citlallin Metztli , Ramírez Ramos María Asunción , Chavarría González José Andrés , Madrigal Segura Rubén , Castañeda Reyes María del Rosario , Martínez Solís Mirna , Rodríguez Guillén Martha , Díaz Cuadros Juanna Alexandra , Cornejo Ramírez Karla Andrea , Galán Hernández Víctor Manuel , Galicia Rosales Blanca Estela , Santos Suárez Leticia , García Oaxaca Alejandro , Lona Lozano Ricardo Salvador , Reza Bravo Adriana
Published: January 2024

El libro 'Didácticas virtuales y práctica docente' refleja el devenir cotidiano de los actores sociales de la investigación educativa sobre las experiencias en sus procesos académicos y prácticas institucionales desde diversos contextos y niveles educativos. Los dos ejes temáticos que se abordan, con sus respectivos capítulos, articulan las actividades de enseñanza-aprendizaje como procesos académicos relacionados con los referentes curriculares, mientras que las experiencias docentes de la virtualidad se consolidan como prácticas institucionales. Desde esta perspectiva, con las aportaciones de los autores de cada capítulo, podemos evaluar el significado y sentido del quehacer docente con el apoyo de las didácticas virtuales entre las visiones dicotómicas o contrastantes, como es el caso de lo instituido con lo instituyente, lo ideal con lo real, el currículo formal con el informal, lo teórico con lo empírico, entre otros. Con los aportes del presente libro, la Red de Cuerpos Académicos en Investigación Educativa contribuye a la construcción del conocimiento, con la finalidad de generar un marco metodológico alternativo para ser discutido, replicado y, en su caso, citado como un referente en la construcción de campos problemáticos y fundamentos teóricos o como un marco de referencia.
„WYKLĘTY” CZY NIEOBECNY? KRYTYCY WOBEC TWÓRCZOŚCI JERZEGO DUDY‑GRACZA
Authors: Jankowska‑Marzec Agnieszka
Published: January 2024

Celem artykułu jest analiza tekstów krytycznych poświęconych twórczości Jerzego Dudy‑Gracza. Przedstawiam dotychczasowy stan badań dotyczący jego malarstwa; ukazuję przemiany w ocenie dorobku śląskiego artysty w kolejnych dekadach, od debiutu na początku lat 70. aż do roku 2004 (śmierć artysty). Przytaczam entuzjastyczne opinie krytyki na temat jego twórczości, jakie przeważały w latach 70., przez ambiwalentnie postrzeganą relację Dudy‑Gracza z reżimem generała Wojciecha Jaruzelskiego w latach 80., aż po uznanie go za herosa arte polo przez grupę krytyków skupionych wokół „Rastra” w latach 90. Próbuję postawić diagnozę spadku popularności tego twórcy, wskazując na splot rozmaitych czynników: politycznych, społecznych, pokoleniowych i artystycznych. Zastanawiam się wreszcie nad rozbieżnością oceny jego malarstwa współcześnie; od nieprzychylnych mu opinii uznanych krytyków, po wciąż niesłabnącą popularność i popyt na jego prace wśród szerokiego grona zainteresowanych sztuką aktualną.
An Integrated Entropy-TOPSIS Approach for Electric Vehicle Selection
Authors: Pal Kiran , Saraswat Dhruv , Budhraja Neeraj
Published: January 2024

Electric vehicles (EVs) have gained a significant role in reducing emissions of harmful greenhouse gases, which can result in serious effects like global warming, deteriorating air quality, etc. Thus, it helps tackle concerns related to the environment and health of the general public. Many nations are switching towards this new era of electric mobility, thus promoting and contributing to the goal of sustainable development. Due to the rapid evolution and expanding scope of the electric vehicle market, selecting the best alternative between various existing EV models was tedious. In this paper, the electric vehicle in the Indian market context was considered along with the TOPSIS approach as a multi-criteria decision-making tool (MCDM) for choosing and ranking the best available choice for the electric vehicle present in the Indian market for the customer. The entropy method is used to obtain the weights associated with the criteria. For this study, thirteen electric vehicles have been selected as alternatives. This study contributes by giving a real preference order, considering a broad set of selection criteria, and evaluating the best alternative from the existing EVs.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF COCCINELID SPECIES (COLEOPTERA - COCCINELIDAE) FROM APPLE, CORN AND CABBAGE CROPS
Authors: HEREA Monica , TĂLMACIU Nela , MOCANU Ionela , TĂLMACIU Mihai
Published: January 2024

The observations were made in 2020 in cabbage and corn crops as well as in some apple plantations in two stationary. In the Ezareni stationary belonging to the Didactic Station of USV Iasi, the experimental plots were selected for the corn culture, and in the Vasile Adamachi farm belonging to the Iasi Didactic Station, traps were placed in the cabbage crop as well as in the apple orchard.To collect the biological material, the soil traps- type Barber, were used the wet type traps in which was used a 20% NaCl solution.From the collected material, the species of coccinellids were selected and determined with the help of Reitter, Gâdei P., etc. determinants book , or source of internet sites.The most frequently collected coccinelid species were: Coccinella septempunctata, Propylea quatardecimquttata, Harmonia axyridis, Hippodamia variegata.
CHROMATOGRAPHIC AND PHYTOBIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF SOME NATURAL BORON-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS
Authors: MOGOŞANU George Dan , BIŢĂ Andrei , BEJENARU Cornelia , RĂU Gabriela , CIOCÎLTEU Maria Viorica , SCOREI Ion Romulus
Published: January 2024

Boron (B) has many roles in the plant kingdom, being an essential element for fundamental metabolic pathways, with reference to carbohydrates, ribonucleic acid, phenolic compounds, indole acetic acid derivatives, respiration, as well as for the structure of cell wall and integrity of plasma membrane, cell division, differentiation, and elongation at the level of meristematic tissues, growth of the pollen tube, grain maturation. It has also been shown that the low amount of B can cause sterility during herbal reproductive stage.For identification and quantitative determination of some natural B-containing compounds (BCCs), such as boric acid, fructoboric acid and its derivatives (Ca–fructose–B complex and Zn–fructose–B complex), sodium tetraborate, high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)–ultraviolet (UV) densitometry method was used, based on the following experimental conditions: stationary phase HPTLC silica gel G 60 F254 precoated glass plates, mobile phase 2-propanol–water 8:2 (v/v), derivatization with chlorogenic acid.The phytobiological assessment of natural BCCs was carried out using Triticum test. A slight stimulation of the mean radicular elongation of wheat-germinated caryopses, compared to the reference, was recorded for fructoboric acid and its derivatives at a concentration of 0.1% expressed in B.
Forecasting Ro-Ro Freight Transportation Demand at Samsun Port: A Hybrid Method Approach
Authors: Şimşek Tayfun , Sivri Fırat , Uğurlu Özkan , Aydın Mehmet
Published: January 2024

Türkiye's extensive coastline and geopolitics position necessitates the importance of Ro-Ro transportation with neighbouring countries. Türkiye's rapidly growing Ro-Ro transportation significantly contributes to imports and exports, which is of great importance to the national economy. Samsun Port is one of the most active ports in Türkiye's Ro-Ro transportation sector, operating in the Black Sea region. This study examined Ro-Ro transportation at Samsun Port, and future cargo forecasting was conducted. For this purpose, artificial neural networks and time series analysis methods were combined. Input variables used in the study included the number of Ro-Ro ships arriving at the port between 2009 and 2021, population figures, a specialized CPI indicator (fresh fruits and vegetables), and export values. The output variable was the amount of cargo carried by Ro-Ro ships. According to the results obtained, it was observed that Samsun Port would have sufficient capacity for Ro-Ro transportation in the next 27 months in terms of wharf, port area, and operational space.
透過攝影的觀看：國小高年級學生之攝影教學研究
Authors: 吳冠勳 吳冠勳 , 洪如玉 洪如玉
Published: January 2024

本文主要探究教師如何將攝影教學運用於國小藝術課程。研究目的旨在設計視覺藝術課程以提升學生的攝影能力，規畫並施行基礎攝影教學方案，建構兒童攝影的學習視野，最後，探討本攝影教學課程歷程之省思與啟示。本研究以質性取徑的現象與詮釋。研究教學方案的規畫執行基於觀看意義、攝影教學、創作應用施行。綜合歸納研究結論如下：一、提升學生的攝影能力面向：藉高年級兒童創作學習，省思及修正合乎學生攝影的觀看課程，循序培養互為觀者的學習主體，敏察生活之美。二、促進學生在構圖、題材、詮釋表達能力的面向：攝影教學藉影像、身體、對話本身的虛實性探討，提升兒童在視覺審美能力與純真直觀的創作視野。三、創作應用方面：省察「以形貌造境」的攝影的觀看詮釋，透過攝影所視，輝映自我生命與世界同在的意境。四、教育意涵方面：本研究方案建構學生自我「異」與「同」的意識，開闊學生自我內外與自然同在的生命實踐「由心而外，細觀再動之」，透過攝影的凝視觀看除了呈現可見的表達，也製造不可見的意義。攝影之觀看教育提升人對自我之自覺，觀看理論動態的，甚至延伸改變人類與其生存空間存在意義的價值省思，本研究之攝影教學具經驗的特殊性，為培育時代性師資，引領教育現場美感教育、美學思維之建構。

 

The Purpose of this study is to enhance senior elementary school students’ photographic skills through the arts curriculum and promote the students’ understanding of material selection, composition, and interpretation in photography. This research takes a qualitative approach to the phenomenon and interpretation. The planning and implementation of the research teaching program is based on the meaning of viewing, photography teaching, and creative application. The conclusions of the research are summarized in the following aspects: First, the enhancement of senior elementary school students’ photographic skills through the arts curriculum. Second, the explorations of the spectator’s capability for material selection, image composition, and theme interpretation. Based on the interpretation of photographic visualization, the nature of photography education, photography teaching uses images, bodies, and dialogues to explore virtuality and reality, enhancing children’s visual aesthetic ability and pure and intuitive creative Self. Third, the creation of the aesthetics in art and technology-based education should be explored by taking a natural approach and then reflecting on the original vitality. Overall, through the photography curriculum, learners are able to recognize the differences and similarities in terms of space and imagery when viewing photography. Photography reveals people’s awareness of themselves and their external environments, conveying their personal concepts of "being with the world". The photography teaching of the research has the particularity of experience, and has the value of cultivating students’ daily aesthetic literacy.

 
再思著作權侵權損害賠償計算問題－從最高法院111年度台上字第2079號判決談起
Authors: 許曉芬 許曉芬
Published: January 2024

本文以最高法院111年度台上字第2079號（全球華人藝術網案）歷審判決中為例，透過檢視智慧財產權案件中損害賠償制度之意涵。並透過目前實務上運作，提出著作權侵權案件當中損害賠償計算可能需要重新思考的三個議題：法定賠償額的審酌、與民事訴訟法第222條第2項之關係及合理權利金計算方式之適用。本文之所以選擇以全球華人藝術網案為出發點討論，係由於該案在歷審案件中，針對著作權損害賠償計算之立法過程與法理多有論述，且意見上下級審諸多歧異，正好可彰顯損害賠償計算不單也不該僅是一個「數學」問題，而是一個法律問題。本文認為，智慧財產損害賠償計算必須考慮無體財產之特性，並貫徹之所以訂定民法一般損害賠償計算外規定之立法目的。前述立法目的並非僅是填補損害，同時具有避免加害人獲得不當得利及對加害人之不法行為予以制裁之功能。更須從商業化思維與交易觀點出發，擴大財產上損害之認定，始能避免造成權利行使圓滿狀態之破壞結果。

 
Chitosan a natural anti-inflammatory and wound healing agent: A brief update
Authors: . Zosangpuii , Sudheer Preethi
Published: January 2024

Inflammation is a complex physiological response that serves as a critical component in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Over the years, chitosan, a natural polysaccharide sourced from chitin, has gained significant attention as a prospective anti-inflammatory agent. This brief review aims to summarize the existing knowledge about chitosan's anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms. It discusses in vitro and in vivo studies on chitosan's impact on inflammatory markers, immune responses, and cellular signaling pathways. Additionally, it presents an overview of the different formulations and delivery systems of chitosan utilized in preclinical and clinical studies. The findings suggest that chitosan exhibits promising anti-inflammatory effects by modulating pro-inflammatory mediators, inhibiting inflammatory enzymes, and regulating immune cell functions. Moreover, the biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low toxicity of chitosan make it a promising candidate for therapeutic applications. However, additional investigation is necessary to clarify the exact mechanisms that explain its anti-inflammatory activity and enhance its therapeutic potential. Overall, this review highlights the chemistry, applications of chitosan in biomedical fields, and the utilization of chitosan as an anti-inflammatory agent in drug delivery systems, with a growing body of evidence supporting the potential of chitosan as a valuable anti-inflammatory agent, paving the way for future investigations and the development of novel therapeutic interventions.