bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A retrospective study of efficacy of tofacitinib combined with bDMARDs in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis patients with inadequate response to bDMARDs
Authors: Chang Jie , Wang Gang
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by synovial inflammation, joint swelling, and pain involving multiple joints. While biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs(bDMARDs) and targeted synthetic DMARDs(tsDMARDs) are popular treatments for RA, there is limited research on their combined use. This study examined a cohort of RA patients who demonstrated inadequate response to bDMARDs and subsequently initiated combination therapy with tofacitinib and bDMARDs, assessing both the efficacy and safety profile of this therapeutic approach.
Methods: In this study, we retrospectively collected the electronic medical records (EMR) of 56 adult patients with RA who were admitted to the Fourth Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine between August 2018 to December 2022. All patients had received at least one bDMARD treatment for more than three months and still exhibited moderate to high disease activity. Tofacitinib 5mg bid was added to their original biological treatment in 28 cases, and other 28 cases switched to another bDMARD or tsDMARD as control group. Treatment was continued for 60weeks following the initiation of combination therapy. Changes in DAS28-CRP and ACR20 response rate at week 60 were collected and analyzed from baseline, while changes in C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) at weeks 4, 8, 12 followed by subsequent assessments every 12 weeks until the completion of the 60-week study period were also collected and analyzed.
Results: After 60 weeks of treatment, the DAS28-CRP score in combined treatment group decreased significantly from a baseline of 5.16±0.91 (3.86~8.21) to 2.64±0.85 (1.39~5.13), with remission achieved by 19 patients (67.9%) and low disease activity achieved by 5 patients (17.9%). The DAS28-CRP in the control group exhibited a decrease from 5.20±0.79 (3.88~7.21) at baseline to 3.23±1.27 (1.53~5.59). 10 patients (35.7%) achieved remission, while another 10 patients (35.7%) achieved low disease activity. The ACR20 response rate was 85.71% in the combined treatment group, whereas it was 71.43% in the control group. Additionally, both ESR and CRP levels decreased significantly during the course of treatment without any reported adverse events leading to discontinuation.
Conclusion: Our findings offer some evidence, supporting the effectiveness and safety of combining bDMARD with JAKi tofacitinib in RA patients who have an inadequate response to bDMARD monotherapy. This combination effectively manages disease activity while maintaining a relatively low and manageable incidence of adverse events.Further prospective randomized controlled trials with large sample sizes are anticipated to provide evidence-based medical support.
Diverse Database and Machine Learning Model to Narrow the Generalization Gap in RNA Structure Prediction
Authors: Rouskin Silvi , de Lajart Alberic , des Taillades Yves Martin , Kalicki Colin , Wightman Federico Fuchs , Aruda Justin , Salazar Dragui , Allan Matthew , L’Esperance-Kerckhoff Casper , Kashi Alex , Jossinet Fabrice
Published: April 2024

Understanding macromolecular structures of proteins and nucleic acids is critical for discerning their functions and biological roles. Advanced techniques—crystallography, NMR, and CryoEM—have facilitated the determination of over 180,000 protein structures, all cataloged in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). This comprehensive repository has been pivotal in developing deep learning algorithms for predicting protein structures directly from sequences. In contrast, RNA structure prediction has lagged, and suffers from a scarcity of structural data. Here, we present the secondary structure models of 1098 pri-miRNAs and 1456 human mRNA regions determined through chemical probing. We develop a novel deep learning architecture, inspired from the Evoformer model of Alphafold and traditional architectures for secondary structure prediction. This new model, eFold, was trained on our newly generated database and over 300,000 secondary structures across multiple sources. We benchmark eFold on two new test sets of long and diverse RNA structures and show that our dataset and new architecture contribute to increasing the prediction performance, compared to similar state-of-the-art methods. All together, our results reveal that merely expanding the database size is insufficient for generalization across families, whereas incorporating a greater diversity and complexity of RNAs structures allows for enhanced model performance.
Isolation, genetic and biological characterization of human adenovirus type 55 positive isolates from Wuhan, China
Authors: Xie Jing , Wang Yan , Li Huan , Tan Bingxiu , Yu Zhengying , Li Lizhong , Zhang Wei , Song Hongbin , Jia Leili
Published: April 2024

Background
Human adenovirus (HAdV) infection causes acute respiratory diseases in immunocompetent individuals worldwide. Infections by HAdV-55, one of the most important pathogen leading to respiratory tract infections, often develop into pneumonia and are frequently associated with outbreaks in military camps and schools.
Methods
We studied 186 HAdV-55-positive nasopharyngeal swab samples that were collected from patients with respiratory infection in Wuhan, China, from 2018 and 2019. Fifteen samples with high viral loads were selected for viral isolation and cultured with MRC-5 cells. These strains were then whole-genome sequenced to investigate their genetic characteristics by phylogenetic analyses. We then selected three HAdV-55 strains to quantify viral replication and further assessed the pathogenic characteristics of one strain in Syrian hamsters and BALB/c nude mice.
Results
HAdV-55-174 exhibited the highest replication ability in cultured cells compared to other strains, so this strain was selected for further investigation. Although both the hamsters and mice were not so susceptible to HAdV-55-174 infection, viral loads were detected in the lungs and tracheas of the murine models, and persistent HAdV-55-174 replication was only observed in BALB/c nude mice. Histopathological lesions, including a widened alveolar septum and inflammatory cell infiltration, were observed in the lungs and tracheas of HAdV-55-174 infected animals.
Conclusion
In summary, we isolated and characterized the HAdV-55 strains circulating in Wuhan from 2018 to 2019, which may be meaningful for further studies on HAdV-55 infection and pathogenesis.
Differential Multiplant Monopoly on a Freight Network
Authors: Friesz Terry
Published: April 2024

In this paper we give a mathematical statement of a differential spatial monopoly wherein transactions are facilitated by a freight transportation network that is based on an underlying graph. The monopolist has a presence at every node, and freight services are available for paths connecting stipulated origin-destination (OD) pairs. The monopolist produces a single homogeneous product that may be manufactured and inventoried, as well as sold, at every node. The dynamics take the form of ordinary differential equations that describe flow conservation. We present the necessary conditions of the monopolist's optimal control problem and observe their interpretation is that marginal revenue equals marginal cost at each node for each instant of continuous time. Existence of an optimal solution to the monopolist's problem is proven and a numerical example solved using two algorithms: one implemented in discrete time and the other in continuous time.
The Interplay of Race, Ethnicity, and Language in Caregiver Health: Insights from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project
Authors: Piedra Lissette M. , Zhong Selena , Howe Melissa J. K. , Compernolle Ellen , Iveniuk James
Published: April 2024

Background: Recent socio-demographic shifts in the United States have underscored the growing importance of informal caregiving and raised concerns about caregivers' health and well-being. This study aims to deepen our understanding of the health dimensions of caregivers, considering their diverse backgrounds.
Objective: To examine five key health dimensions (physical, cognitive, mental, social, and sexual health) of caregivers, and to identify potential disparities based on ethnoracial and linguistic differences.
Methods: Using data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP), this study explores the interconnections among the specified health dimensions of caregivers and their ethnoracial (Black, Hispanic, White, and others) and linguistic (Spanish, English) backgrounds, in addition to their social networks (N=1,309). Regression analysis was employed to discern the patterns and associations.
Results: The findings indicate that White caregivers generally report better physical, cognitive, and social health compared to their Black and Hispanic counterparts, but exhibit less favorable outcomes in sexual health than Hispanic caregivers. Spanish-speaking caregivers, while having lower cognitive and self-rated mental health than English-speaking caregivers, show stronger social health and greater relationship satisfaction. Notably, these correlations persist irrespective of the size of social networks, pointing to intrinsic links with health outcomes.
Conclusion: The study underscores the necessity of a comprehensive health evaluation for caregivers, acknowledging the intricate interplay between their health and various socio-demographic factors. It advocates for the development of targeted policies and interventions that address the complex health needs of caregivers, with an emphasis on their ethnoracial and linguistic contexts and social environments.
Enhancing Mental Workload Classification in Neuroscience: Deep Learning Approaches
Authors: Cakar Serenay , Yavuz Fulya Gokalp
Published: April 2024

This study aims to classify mental workload levels from n-back cognitive data by employing a diverse set of deep learning approaches capable of accommodating both dense and sparse features. The n-back task paradigm provides rich temporal data, capturing information on working memory and cognitive demand from the same subjects over time across different n-back conditions. By integrating deep learning techniques that leverage both dense and sparse features, this research introduces novel perspectives tailored to the data structure of the n-back task. Our findings highlight the effectiveness of the extreme Deep Factorization Machine model with stratified 5-fold cross-validation. Compared to the baseline model for the 0- vs 1-back classification task, this approach achieved significant improvements: 67.50% in accuracy, 68.74% in sensitivity, 66.24% in specificity, and 68.48% in F1-Score among the models in which dense features are the combinations of hemodynamic measures and experimental variable, and subject is considered as a sparse feature. Additionally, employing Principal Component Analysis (PCA) resulted in significant enhancements in performance metrics compared to the baseline Logistic Regression model. Specifically, the utilization of PCA led to remarkable improvements of 53.03% in accuracy, 98.03% in sensitivity, 24.14% in specificity, and 70.37% in F1-Score, as observed in the classification of the 0- vs 1-back condition when using the xDeepFM model. These results underscore the utility of deep learning methods in accurately discerning mental workload levels from complex n-back cognitive science data, offering valuable insights into cognitive functioning and workload assessment.
Regulatory and Communication Shifts in Dilated Cardiomyopathy: A Multimodal Single-Cell Analysis
Authors: Tang# Yangfeng , Zhang# Jiajun , Xu# Xiangyang , Yu Yizhi , Ding Sufan , Li Bailing , Wang Guokun , Liu Xiaohong , Xu Zhiyun , Han Lin
Published: April 2024

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), a major cause of heart failure in young adults, is characterized by ventricular dilation and progressive heart muscle dysfunction. Cellular mechanisms driving DCM have not been elucidated despite advances in genomic medicine. This study performed comprehensive multimodal single-cell analysis integrating RNA sequencing, assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing, and spatial transcriptomics data of cardiac tissues from patients with DCM and control subjects. The complex cellular heterogeneity and a novel neuro-cardiac interface were identified in DCM. The neuronal signaling pathways, including GABA receptor signaling and WT1 transcription factor activity, were profoundly dysregulated in the cardiomyocytes of patients with DCM. Cell-cell signaling analysis revealed that the communication patterns were altered, especially the upregulation of IGF and NRG signaling, suggesting a redefined role of adipocytes and lymphatic cells in DCM pathogenesis. The results of neuronal marker immunostaining analysis were consistent with those of bioinformatics analysis and indicated a potential cross-talk between cardiomyocytes and neurons. The findings of this study provided novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of DCM and identified potential therapeutic targets for DCM, which will enable the development of precision therapeutic approaches for cardiomyopathies.
Study on liquid reorientation in tank models aboard the Chinese Space Station
Authors: Chen Shuyang , Chen Shangtong , Wu Di , Duan Li , Liu Xiaozhong , Zhao Xilin , Zhang Pu , Yang Chao , Hu Liang , Wang Jia , Zhao Yifan , Yin Yongli , Kang Qi
Published: April 2024

Propellant tanks provide non-entrained propellant for thrusters of satellites, which plays an important role in space mission. And the fluid transfer efficiency of tanks is the key to supply non-entrained propellant. An experiment cabin containing two different scaled tank models are designed and experiments of liquid reorientation under microgravity are carried out in the Chinese Space Station. Experiment results present the high liquid transportation efficiency of the two kinds of propellant management devices. Finite element models of the two tank models are established and verified by simulation matching with experiments. Furthermore, methylhydrazine is adopted to carry out more simulation analysis by considering different liquid contact angles and surface tension, and numerical results show smaller liquid contact angle and bigger surface tension can increase liquid flow speed. This research can provide theory and data support for the design of plate type tanks.
Effect of hyperhomocysteine in patients after PCI for non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, a retrospective study
Authors: Lan Kai , Gong Hui
Published: April 2024

Background The prognostic value of homocysteine (HCY) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate whether an elevated HCY level on admission can predict long-term outcomes in patients with Non-ST-Segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with coronary artery stenting.Methods From Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University from January 2018 to December 2021, 275 patients who were diagnosed with NSTEMI and successfully underwent emergency PCI were conducted. All these patients were divided into two groups according to fasting plasma HCY levels the day after the theterization: group Ⅰ (142 patients, <15 µmol/L) and group II (127 patients, ≥ 15 µmol/L).Primary and secondary outcome measures: The primary endpoint was the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), including cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke, and new lesion stenting.Results After a mean follow-up of 36 ± 14 months, patients in group II had a higher rate of MACE (33.9% vs. 17.6%, p = 0.002). The main difference between the two groups was cardiac death (8.7% vs. 2.1%, p = 0.016). The risk of long-term MACE remained significantly higher in patients with elevated HCY levels (≥ 15 µmol/L) with a hazard ratio of 1.29 (95% CI, 1.1-12.23, p = 0.034). Elevated HCY levels (≥ 15 µmol/L) were independently associated with an increased risk of long-term cardiovascular events in patients after PCI.Conclusion Thus, hyperhomocysteinemia may remain a useful prognostic marker for risk assessment in the clinical management of CAD patients.
Quercetin triggers cell apoptosis-associated ROS-mediated cell death and induces S and G2/M-phase cell cycle arrest in KON oral cancer cells
Authors: Tubtimsri Sukannika , Chuenbarn Tiraniti , Manmuan Suwisit
Published: April 2024

Background
Plant flavonoids such as quercetin are useful for both the therapeutic and preventive care of a variety of illnesses. Nevertheless, their antitumor efficacy against KON oral cancer is still unknown. Therefore, the aim of this investigation was to examine quercetin’s anti-growth, anti-migrative, and anti-invasive characteristics. The cell cycle arrest property and mitochondrial function disruption of quercetin were also investigated. Additionally, the cellular mechanism responsible for inducing apoptosis and the anti-metastasis mechanism were identified.
Methods
KON cells were treated with quercetin in order to test the anticancer activity of this compound. The MTT colorimetric assay was used to examine the cell viability of the treated cells in comparison to MRC-5 fibroblast cells. After being exposed to the detrimental effects of quercetin, the morphology of the KON cells was examined using DAPI and FDA double staining, as well as Hoechst 33258 and AO double staining. Annexin V/FITC with a flow cytometer and DCFDA labeling were used to detect apoptosis induction and the ROS production associated with cell death. Quercetin’s ability to stop the cell cycle was evaluated via PI staining and the flow cytometer. The examination included anti-proliferative, anti-migration, and anti-invasion activities. Values for the transepithelial electrical resistance, or TEER, were measured. Ultimately, the mechanisms of action of the apoptotic markers and genes implicated in the metastatic process were clarified.
Results
Quercetin treatment reduced the vitality of KON cells and had minimal effect on MRC cells. Following quercetin treatment, the characterization of apoptosis and cell death in KON cells was observed. When quercetin was applied to KON cells, the generation of ROS increased. Furthermore, it was discovered that quercetin increased the percentage of dead cells and cell cycle arrests in the S and G2/M phases. Moreover, quercetin inhibited KON cells’ capacity for migration and invasion in addition to their effects on cell stability and structure. As a result of identifying the mechanism responsible for inducing apoptosis and preventing metastasis, quercetin was found to downregulate the expression of BCL-2/BCL-XL while increasing the expression of BAX. TIMP-1 expression was upregulated while MMP-2 and MMP-9 were downregulated. Quercetin’s anticancer properties and specific mechanisms of action in relation to KON cells were clarified.
Conclusion
The results of this trial demonstrated the additional advantages of quercetin use in patients with oral cancer as a co-chemotherapeutic and preventative measure. It might therefore be applied as a viable method to eradicate oral cancer cells.
Barriers and strategies in care delivery for type 1 diabetes in Sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review
Authors: Kentsop Herve Brice Djiofack , Zarowsky Christina , Von Oettingen Julia Elisabeth
Published: April 2024

Background: Type 1 diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in children. More than 1.2 million young people under the age of 20 are affected, the majority of whom live in low-income countries. The delivery of care for type 1 diabetes at both clinical and health system levels in Sub-Saharan Africa is an important element of protecting child health, preventing complications of type 1 diabetes, and supporting families among vulnerable populations. The successful implementation of effective care delivery requires considering a variety of obstacles and using effective and contextually appropriate strategies to overcome them. This scoping review describes and categorizes the most important barriers to type 1 diabetes care delivery in Sub-Saharan Africa and provides an overview of the types of strategies that are used to overcome these barriers.
Methods: We identified 524 articles including peer reviewed publications, gray literature, and documents from agency sites in 5 different databases published from 1990 until the end of 2020. A total of 38 articles were included in the data synthesis. The content was analyzed using a qualitative synthesis approach.
Results: Barriers to the care delivery of type 1 diabetes in Sub-Saharan Africa are related to contextual factors at several levels: health system, policy, structure and performance, patient factors, and socio-cultural factors. The core elements of successful strategies for care delivery of type 1 diabetes in Sub-Saharan Africa are education (glycemic management), staff training, and social support (social interaction).
Conclusions:Available evidence indicates that structured care delivery can improve the health of people living with type 1 diabetes in Sub-Saharan Africa. Obstacles in the case and population care delivery of type 1 diabetes and the health of people living with type 1 diabetes need to be analyzed before strategies adapted to the context and specific target groups can be developed.
rHMM: A New Regularized Algorithm-based Hidden Markov Model for High-dimensional Longitudinal Data Analysis
Authors: Leong Man Chong , Lee Ji-Hyun , Lou Xiang-Yang
Published: April 2024

Many real-world underlying processes, such as addiction status and its longitudinal change associated with substance use, which are influenced by multifaceted factors, are not directly observable but can be captured by competent statistical methods. Hidden Markov models (HMMs) are a powerful tool for characterizing temporal dependence and mixture of latent variables in longitudinal data analysis , whereas the current HMM approach is largely limited in high-dimensional settings due to lack of dimension reduction and variable selection techniques. This article presents a novel approach tailored to address these limitations within the framework of HMMs. To reduce bias in parameter estimation by effectively discerning and excluding insignificant covariates, we propose a two-step algorithm that integrates HMMs with regularized generalized linear models (GLMs). Initially , we combine the coordinate descent algorithm with the EM algorithm to identify significant covariates. Subsequently, we recalibrate the HMM using the selected covariates employing maximum likelihood estimation for precise parameter refinement. Simulations demonstrate our method can accurately identify significant covariates and provide unbiased estimates for both the Markov transition and GLM parameters. The proposed method has improved performance over regularized GLMs, with a false negative rate up to 38.2% lower in variable selection. In two real data analyses, our method yields meaningful results that estimate the level of persistence of the unobserved states and are consistent with the relevant studies. Additionally, it effectively selects the set of important 1 covariates. Taken together, the regularized algorithm-based HMM outperforms existing methods, offering a valuable addition to the analytical armamentarium.
Risk assessment of mine water inrush based on Semi-Supervised Deep Learning Model
Authors: Zhang Ye , Tang Shoufeng
Published: April 2024

To establish an effective coal mine floor water inrush prediction model, a semi-supervised model based on improved tri-training is presented. By using unlabeled data, the semi supervised model solves the limitation of limited labeled data in the water inrush dataset. Since water inrush characteristics have varying effects on accident occurrence, this paper proposes a mutual information Drop-SAE as the fundamental classifier for the semi-supervised model. The correlation between features and targets is assessed using mutual information, and features with weak correlation have their weights reset to zero to reduce the influence of irrelevant features on prediction accuracy. By contrasting water inrush incidents and model prediction results in typical North Chinese mining areas with real mining areas in Lianghuai, the superiority of this approach was confirmed. The results obtained demonstrate that, in contrast to conventional prediction techniques, the model presented in this article has an accuracy of 91.43%, whereas SAE's accuracy is 82.86%. In comparison to models that have been proposed recently (like IWOA-SVM), this model exhibits a 3% improvement in accuracy. The research results can be used in the prediction of water inrush, combining deep learning with semi-supervised models. The results have theoretical and practical significance.
2D g-GaN as Interphase Anode Layer in Mg Battery for Capturing Passivation Species (MgO, Mg(OH) 2, Mg(CO 3 ) – A First-Principles Study
Authors: Panjulingam Nandhini , Lakshmipathi Senthilkumar
Published: April 2024

The first principles study has been carried out to analyze the performance of the 2D graphene-Gallium Nitride (g-GaN) as interphase material at the magnesium electrode (g-GaN@Mg) for capturing the passivation species such as magnesium oxide (MgO), magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2), and magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) in Rechargeable Magnesium (RMB) batteries. The current work shows that the calculated interphase binding energy (Eb) between the Mg and g-GaN layers are strong. Ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulation confirms the thermal stability of the g-GaN@Mg at 500 K. The excellent anodic properties of the g-GaN@Mg surface has been confirmed from adsorption energy and diffusivity of single Mg atom values, -2.64 eV and 10− 3 cm2/s respectively. Interaction of passivation species MgO, (Mg(OH)2) and (MgCO3) with g-GaN@Mg surface demonstrates a weakening of the Mg-O and Mg-C bond distance. The findings mentioned above suggest that the g-GaN@Mg surface is a potential protective layer against the passivation species for Mg batteries.
Estimation of pastoral load by indirect methods for a desert area with variable rainfall
Authors: Alshbaib Amal M.
Published: April 2024

Given the need for areas with fluctuating rainfall to continuously estimate their pastoral load and the significant effort and time this requires, which often leads to a delay in the organization of grazing there, this study suggests to using the available data to estimate the pastoral load until more accurate estimates are available.
This study used available data on the plant cover of Rawdhat As-Sabalah for the indirect estimation of pastoral load but did not perform field work.However, this study considered the sustainability of plant cover and avoided overgrazing.Therefore, the method used here to estimate the grazing load for the entire region was based on one plant species. The method estimates daily plant productivity by measuring the biomass of the daily growth rate of the vegetative part of the plant, considering the percentage of spaces between the leaves of the plant to be 50% on average. The results showed that it is possible to safely graze 41 tropical animal units in the Rawdat Al-Sabla daily during appropriate grazing periods for plants.
Field work and estimating pastoral load by direct methods remain more accurate in advance of the method in this study.However, the benefit of this method lies in reducing field effort and difficulties. This is often a reason for delaying the process of organizing grazing, and this method helps speed up the process of organizing grazing in many areas, in addition to benefiting more from the available data.
Effect of compositional variations and static-sliding indentation on Titanium based multi-phased composites and coatings
Authors: Bhattacharyya Arnab
Published: April 2024

Ti based composites and coatings in the form of TiAl-TaN and TiBSiC were analyzed by means of nanoindentation and scratch tests. The variation of TaN wt% in TiAl was found to get indulged in dissolution and re growth and in the process showed its diffusion barrier properties as well. The scratch adhesion tests performed showed the coating vulnerability in term positional difference in crack stability
Die Arbeitnehmerüberlassung in China
Authors:   , Liu Fei
Published: April 2024

Die vorliegende Dissertation bietet eine eingehende Analyse der Entstehung und Evolution der rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen der Arbeitnehmerüberlassung in der Volksrepublik China. Ursprünglich in den 1980er Jahren als Instrument zur Reduzierung der Arbeitslosigkeit eingeführt, hat sich die Funktion der Arbeitnehmerüberlassung im Laufe der Zeit gewandelt. Diese Entwicklung wird in der Arbeit sorgfältig nachgezeichnet. Die Studie skizziert die legislative Entwicklung von der anfänglichen Konzeption bis zur formellen Legalisierung im Jahr 2007 und untersucht die geltenden gesetzlichen Bestimmungen zur Arbeitnehmerüberlassung. Dabei werden die spezifischen Aspekte der chinesischen Gesetzgebung herausgestellt, bei der die Arbeitnehmerüberlassung vornehmlich als komplementäre Beschäftigungsform angesehen wird. Die Arbeit beleuchtet die Rechte und Pflichten aller Akteure. Obwohl nicht umfassend rechtsvergleichend angelegt, wird doch immer wieder ein Blick auf die Rechtslage in Deutschland geworfen, sodass die unterschiedlichen regulatorischen Ansätze deutlich hervortreten. Zugleich werden die besonderen Herausforderungen behandelt, denen diese Beschäftigungsform im chinesischen Kontext begegnet.
Two Revolutions in the Destiny of the Russian Intellectual P.A. Sorokina: Individual Survival Strategy
Authors: Русанова В.С.
Published: April 2024

На основе источников личного происхождения и публицистики анализируется индивидуальная стратегия выживания российско-американского социолога, историка П.А. Сорокина в условиях крупных общественно-политических кризисов в России начала XXв. Предпринимается попытка определить характерные черты российской интеллигенции и на конкретном примере продемонстрировать их проявление в условиях «слома эпох». Показано, что уход от взаимодействия с властью и борьбы за власть является наиболее успешной стратегией выживания, избранной ученым.

This article analyzes the individual survival strategy of the Russian-American sociologist and historian P. A. Sorokin in the conditions of major socio-political crises in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century, based on sources of personal origin and journalism. The authors try to identify the characteristic features of the Russian intelligentsia. A specific example will demonstrate the existence of the intelligentsia in the conditions of the "break of eras". The authors come to the conclusion that avoiding interaction with the authorities, from the struggle for power is the most successful survival strategy chosen by the scientist.
Alfred the Cake and the Other Heroes of British History: About One Famous Satire on School Textbook
Authors: Соколов А.Б.
Published: April 2024

В 1930 г. в Лондоне была опубликована написанная У. Селлером и Р. Йетменом книга «1066 и все такое» – сатира на современный школьный учебник истории, остающаяся одним из самых известных произведений английской сатиры ХХ века. Содержание этого произведения рассматривается в статье. Цель исследования заключается в выявлении способов достижения комического эффекта. Обращается внимание на то, что объектом иронии для авторов было намерение научить викторианской морали. Для этого использовалась антитеза хороших/плохих королей: отрицательным примером был Карл II, и напротив, Альфред Великий был примером хорошего короля, хотя почти все, что о нем было известно из школьных учебников, носило легендарный характер. Сатира помогает понять, что власть обычно принадлежит не выдающимся личностям, а весьма ординарным и даже никчемным персонам. Другой объ-ект для сатирической критики – ложное понимание героизма. Якобы древние бритты положили начало традиции героизма. Такой подход объясняется восприятием Первой мировой войны и войн в целом, характерным для "потерянного поколения". Сатира Селлара и Йетмана показывает: традиционный урок истории был полон мифов и домыслов. Эта книга подрывает представление о единственно верной версии национальной истории, отраженной в английских школьных учебниках по истории.

A small book – satire on modern school history textbook was published in London in 1930. It was written by Walter Seller and Robert Yeatman, called “1066 and All that” and it is still one of the most famous satirical works in English literature of the XX century. The content of this writing is under regard in my article. The aim of the study lays in identification of the ways to achieve comic effect. The attention is given to the fact that for the authors the object of irony was intention to teach lesson in Victorian morality. For this the antithesis of good/ bad kings was used, and very characteristic negative example was Charles II. On the contrary Alfred the Great was an example of good king, though nearly all that was known about him from school textbooks had generally legendary character. The satire helps to understand that power usually belongs not to outstanding personalities, but to very ordinary and even worthless persons. The other object for satirical critics stands in false understanding of heroism. The ancient Britons allegedly began the tradition of heroism. This approach is explained by perception of WWI and wars in general, typical for “lost generation”. Satire of Sellar and Yeatman shows: the traditional history lesson was full of myths and speculations. This book undermined presentation about the one right version of national history as it was reflected in English school history textbooks.
“Fill the Vessel or Light the Torch” - Dilemmas of the Scientific School
Authors: Фадеева Л.А. , Вершинина Д.Б.
Published: April 2024

В статье анализируются характерные черты и интеллектуальные традиции научной исторической школы Льва Ефимовича Кертмана, повлиявшие на развитие исследова-тельских стратегий его последователей. Первоначально, с 1960-х гг., школа складывалась как коллектив молодых исследователей, объединенных научными интересами, которые помог сформировать авторитетный ученый и харизматичный руководитель. По мере развития школы происходило расширение исследовательского поля при сохранении интеллектуальных традиций даже после неожиданной кончины в 1987 г. ее основателя. В статье использованы материалы научного и культурного наследия профессора Кертмана, литература мемуарного характера, научные публикации представителей пермской школы, посвященные как историческим сюжетам и проблемам, так и широким социокультурным вопросам. Сделать ряд выводов о значимости школы Кертмана. Авторы считают, что влияние научной школы на творчество ее последователей выразилось в фокусе на социокультурных аспектах исторического и политического процесса. Значимость научной школы авторы видят также в заданном ее основателем моральном импульсе, который помогает поддерживать исследовательский потенциал и мотивацию.

The article characterizes the specific features and intellectual traditions of the scientific historical school of Lev Kertman, which influenced the development of the research strategies of his followers. In the 1960s, the school developed as a team of young researchers united by scientific interests, which were helped to form by an authoritative scientist and charismatic leader. As the school developed, its research fields expanded while maintaining intellectual traditions even after the unexpected death of its founder in 1987. The article uses materials from the scientific and cultural heritage of Professor Kertman, literature of a memoir nature, scientific publications by representatives of the Perm school, devoted to both historical subjects and problems, and broad sociocultural issues. This gives the authors grounds to draw several conclusions about the significance of Kertman’s school. The authors believe that the influence of the scientific school was expressed in the focus on the sociocultural aspects of the historical and political process, in the fact that the person was placed at the center of the study both in history and in politics. The authors also see the significance of a scientific school in the moral impulse that was given by its founder and which helps to maintain research potential and motivation.
On the Issue of Alexei I Komnenos’ Environment
Authors: Дробышев М.И.
Published: April 2024

В статье рассматривается окружение византийского императора Алексея I Комнина (1056 / 1057–1118), воссозданное по источникам его эпохи («Алексиаде» Анны Комнины [1083–1053], «Типикону» Григория Пакуриана [ум. 1086 г.] и другим). В контексте византийской историографии и современной византинистики обсуждаются факты из жизни наиболее ярких представителей Востока – Григория Пакуриана и Татикия (ок. 1056 – п. 1099). Изучается их происхождение, карьерный путь, практика инкорпорирования в социальную и политическую структуру Ромейской империи.

The paper examines the environment of the Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos (1056 / 1057–1118), reconstructed on sources of his epoch (“Alexias”of Anna Comnenae [1083–1053], “Typicon” of Gregory Pacurianus [d. 1086] and others). In the context of Byzantine historiography and modern Byzantine studies, facts from the life of the most prominent representatives of the East – Gregory Pakurian and Tatikios (c. 1056–1099) are discussed. Information on their origins is analyzed, their careers and the practice of inclusion in the social and political structure of the Roman Empire are studied.
The Grounded Theory Methodology as a Research Tool in Intellectual History
Authors: Власов Н.А.
Published: April 2024

Современные исторические исследования могут значительно выиграть от привлечения методологических инструментов смежных социальных наук. Одним из них является «обоснованная теория», широко распространенная в сфере социологии. В статье дается обзор развития данной методологии, ее основных современных направлений, а также описание процесса исследования в соответствии с принципами «классической» школы «обоснованной теории». Отдельно рассматривается опыт применения методологии в такой области знания, как исследования современных международных отношений, где «обоснованная теория» использовалась для реконструкции представлений и взглядов коллективных акторов. Делается вывод о том, что методы «обоснованной теории» могут успешно применяться и при изучении интеллектуальной истории и социальных процессов прошлого. Кроме того, отдельные инструменты из арсенала данной методологии могут использоваться в рамках других исследовательских подходов для решения более широкого спектра задач.

The recent historical research could greatly benefit from the use of methodological tools borrowed from other social sciences. One of those tools is the Grounded Theory methodology, widely used in sociological research. The article provides an overview of the development of this methodology, as well as description of the research process in accordance with the principles of the "classical school" of Grounded Theory. The experience of applying this methodology in the study of international relations is taken into close consideration as especially illustrative. Grounded Theory was used there to reconstruct the ideas and views of collective actors. The conclusion is that the methodology of Grounded Theory could be successfully used in historical science, particularly in the study of social processes. In addition, some tools from the “toolbox” of this methodology may be used in the framework of alternative approaches to cover a significantly broader range of research questions.
Krema Çeşitlerinin Tüketici Tercihleri Üzerindeki Etkisi: Bir Duyusal Değerlendirme Çalışması (The Impact of Cream Varieties on Consumer Preferences: A Sensory Evaluation Study)
Authors: ERCİK Cevat
Published: April 2024

Bu araştırma, pastane sektöründe kullanılan üç farklı krema türünün tüketiciler tarafından algılanan tat ve genel kabul edilebilirlik üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmek amacıyla duyusal analiz metodolojisini benimsemiştir. Yaş pastaların tat, koku, doku ve genel kabul edilebilirlik açısından değerlendirilmesi için 20 kişilik bir panelist grubu kullanılmıştır. Panelistlere görsel olarak benzer ancak içerik bakımından farklı üç farklı pasta örneği sunulmuş ve bu örnekler titiz bir şekilde değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma, panelistlere yöneltilen temel soru olan "Son yıllarda pastane sektöründe kullanılan bu üç farklı krema türü hakkındaki tat, doku, koku ve genel kabul edilebilirlik konusundaki görüşleriniz nelerdir?" doğrultusunda yapılmıştır. Panelistlerin değerlendirmeleri, Peryam ve Pilgrim (1957) tarafından geliştirilen 9 puanlı hedonik skala puanlama test ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Veriler Friedman S ve Wilcoxon işaretli sıra testi analizleriyle test edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucuna göre, tüketici tercihlerinde tat, doku, koku ve genel kabul edilebilirlik açısından farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir. Velvet kreması ile hazırlanan yaş pasta, tüketiciler arasında en çok tercih edilen pasta türü olmuştur. Tat, koku ve doku faktörleri, tüketicilerin yaş pasta tercihlerini belirlemede etkili olduğu bulgulanmıştır.
Gastronomi Başlığı Altında Yayımlanmış Doktora Tezlerinin Bibliyometrik Analizi (The Bibliometric Analysis of Doctoral Theses Published Under the Title of Gastronomy)
Authors: İŞERİ Cansu , ÖNÇEL Sibel
Published: April 2024

Bu araştırmada 2014-2023 yılları arasında gastronomi başlığı altında yayımlanmış doktora tezleri incelenerek belirlenmiş parametreler doğrultusunda bibliyometrik analiz tekniği ile analiz etmek amaçlanmaktadır. Yükseköğretim Kurulu Tez veri tabanında, yayımlanmış tezler arasında "Gastronomi" anahtar kelimesi ve tez türlerinden "Doktora " tezlerinin taranması sonucunda 70 doktora tezine ulaşılmış fakat tezlerden 1 tanesinin erişim kısıtlılığı olduğu görülmüştür. 69 doktora tezine 10 Kasım 2023 itibariyle ulaşılmıştır. Ulaşılan tezler Yükseköğretim Kurulu Tez veri tabanındaki tezlerin künyelerinde bulunan yayınlandığı yıl, yayınlandığı üniversite, ilgili anabilim dalı, danışman akademik unvanı, yayınlandığı enstitü, tezin çalışma konusu ve tezin sayfa sayısına ek olarak kullanılan veri toplama yöntemi ve anahtar kelimeleri kriterlerine göre incelenmiştir. İnceleme sonucunda elde edilen verilerin frekans ve yüzde analizleri Microsoft Excel programı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda gastronomi başlığı altında yayımlanan en fazla doktora tezinin Gazi Üniversitesi’nde (8) hazırlandığı ve en fazla anket (42) yönteminin kullanıldığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca 2021-2023 yılları arasında doktora tez sayısının 5,3 kat arttığı belirlenmiş olup 40 doktora tezinin Profesör Doktor unvanına sahip akademik danışman tarafından yürütüldüğü de bulgular arasında yer almaktadır.
Yoksul Yanlısı Turizm Bağlamında Yapılan Çalışmaların Bibliyometrik Analizi: Web of Science Örneği (Bibliometric Analysis of Studies in the Context of Pro-Poor Tourism: The Case of Web of Science)
Authors: ÇUHADAR Yusuf
Published: April 2024

Yoksulluk insanlığın var oluşundan bu yana önemli sorunlardan biridir. Yoksullukla mücadele konusunda bireyler çok fazla uğraş vermektedir. Yoksul yanlısı turizm bu durumu bertaraf etme konusunda verilen uğraşların sonucu olarak turizm endüstrisinde bir yaklaşım tarzıdır. Çalışmanın amacı, yoksul yanlısı turizm konusunda yayınlanmış çalışmaların bibliyometrik analizini gerçekleştirmektedir. Bu çalışmada, yoksul yanlısı turizm kavramı kapsamında geçmişten günümüze yapılan araştırmaların haritası çıkarılıp gelişiminin ne yönde gittiği araştırılmıştır. Nicel veriler bağlamında, yoksul yanlısı turizm kavramına ilişkin var olan literatürün sistemsel bir kısa özet olarak bibliyometrik analiz yaparak araştırmacılara arz edilmesi, var olan boşlukların tespiti, doldurulması ve trendlerin belirlenmesi önem arz etmektedir. Web of Science veri tabanı 2003- 2023 yılları boyunca yoksul yanlısı turizm kapsamında yayınlanmış eserlerin bilgilerinin toplanması için kullanılmıştır. Yoksul yanlısı turizm ile alakalı Web of Science veri tabanında 219 eser vardır. Bu eserler yayın adet ve yılına bakıldığında en çok eser 2017 senesinde olduğu; en çok atıf alan kişilerin adları ise; Ko Koens, Maria Jose Zapata ve David Harrison olduğu; yayın türünün ağırlıklı olarak dergi makalesi türünde olduğu; araştırma alanları açısından turizm öncelikli olduğubilinmektedir.
Potansiyel Tüketicilerin 3D Baskılı Yiyeceklere Yönelik Algılarının Davranışsal Niyete Etkisi: Çeşitlilik Arayışının Düzenleyici Rolü (The Effect of Potential Consumers Perceptions of 3D Printed Foods on Behavioral Intention: The Moderating Role of Variety Seeking)
Authors: YILDIZ Evrim , BUYRUK Lütfi
Published: April 2024

Üç boyutlu yiyecek baskısı uygulamaları her bir yiyeceğe kendine has nitelik kazandırarak yiyeceklerin kişiselleştirilmesine imkân tanımaktadır. Kişiye özel yiyeceklere olan talebin artması ile üç boyutlu baskılı yiyecekler yaygınlaşmaya başlamıştır. Buna göre tüketicilerin üç boyutlu baskılı yiyeceklere yönelik değerlendirmelerinin araştırılmasının önem kazandığı ifade edilebilir. Bu kapsamda bu çalışmanın amacı, potansiyel tüketicilerin üç boyutlu baskılı yiyeceklere yönelik algılarının ve bu algıların davranışlara etkisinin ortaya çıkartılmasıdır. Araştırmanın bir diğer amacı ise bu etkide çeşitlilik arayışı eğiliminin düzenleyici rolünün araştırılmasıdır. Bu bağlamda anket vasıtasıyla 543 geçerli veri elde edilmiştir. Veriler SmartPLS programı ile yapısal eşitlik modeli kapsamında (PLS-SEM) analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre üç boyutlu baskılı yiyeceklerden algılanan nitelikler, davranışsal niyetin oluşumunda etkili olmaktadır. Nitekim çeşitlilik arayışı eğiliminin üç boyutlu baskılı yiyecek nitelikleri ve davranışsal niyet arasındaki etkide herhangi bir düzenleyici rolü tespit edilememiştir. Ulaşılan sonuçlar kapsamında, henüz yeni bir uygulama sayılabilecek üç boyutlu baskılı yiyeceklerin tüketiciler tarafından yeterince bilinmediğinden, bu yiyeceklerin niteliklerinin ön plana çıkartılarak tanıtılmasına önem verilmesi gerektiği önerilebilir.
Filmlerdeki Gastronomik Unsurların Menü ve Mutfak Kültürlerini Yansıtma Biçimleri: Türk ve İtalyan Mutfağı Karşılaştırma Analizi (How Gastronomic Elements in Movies Reflect Menu and Culinary Cultures: A Comparative Analysis of Turkish and Italian Cuisine)
Authors: ÖZTÜRK İlker
Published: April 2024

Toplumların ayırıcı yönlerini gösteren kültürel öğeler, farklı toplumsal yapılar arasında direkt ya da dolaylı bir ilişki yaratır. Dönemin iletişim teknolojisi, kurulan bu ilişkide önemli rol üstlenebilmektedir. Kültürler arası kurulan ilişki, modern iletişim araçlarının ortaya çıkışı ile daha yoğun hale gelmiştir. Gastronomi, bütün toplumların en temel kültürel unsurlarından biri olarak kabul edilir. Bu önemli öğe, teknolojinin etkisiyle gelişen araçlar aracılığıyla, özellikle de kitle iletişim araçlarının taşıdığı mesajlarla birlikte evrim geçirmiştir. Bu araştırma, "Perfetti Sconosciuti" filminde (Türkçe adıyla "Kusursuz Yabancı") yer alan gastronomik unsurlar üzerinden Türk ve İtalyan yemek kültürlerini inceleyerek, bu kültürlerin filmdeki yansımalarını karşılaştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, Türk ve İtalyan yemek kültürleri arasında bazı benzerliklerin bulunmasına rağmen, kültürel açıdan önemli farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir. Türk yemek kültürü, genellikle sofrada çeşitli yemeklerin bir arada sunulurken, İtalyan yemek kültüründe ise yemekler sıralı olarak servis edilmiştir. Bu farklılık, sofra düzenlemeleri ve sunum biçimlerinde kültürel çeşitliliği yansıtmıştır.