bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial factors influencing handwashing behaviour and the design of behaviour change interventions for the Rohingya camps in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahaman Kh. Shafiur , Ramos Silvia , Harter Miriam , Mosler Hans-Joachim
Published: September 2022

This study sought to identify the psychosocial factors that influence handwashing behaviour and to design behaviour change techniques applying the risk, attitude, norm, ability, and self-regulation (RANAS) behaviour change approach in Rohingya camps in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in four Rohingya camps located in Ukhiya and Teknaf sub-districts. Participants were selected by systematic random sampling. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used. Analysis of variance testing (ANOVA) was used to determine the significant predicting variables. A total of 1,358 individuals participated in the interview. The mean age was 31.11 ranging from 13 to 75 years. The majority were female (84.9%). Around 75% of participants reported practising handwashing. Several psychosocial predictors were identified for handwashing behaviour with medium to large effect size such as health knowledge, beliefs about costs and benefits, feelings, social norms, abilities, and self-regulation factors. Significant predictors were additionally identified in individual camps. The behaviour change techniques included providing information, demonstration of handwashing, providing rewards, evoking emotions, and public commitments amongst others proposed in this study. Identified psychosocial determinants should be considered while promoting sustainable handwashing behaviour along with adequate supplies and infrastructure. This study also suggests evaluating the proposed behaviour change interventions considering the contextual factors related to handwashing.
Voltage-gated Potassium Channel Inhibitors
Authors: Hopkins W. F. , Miller J. L. , Miljanich G. P.
Published: September 2022

Forty years have transpired since tetraethylammonium was first used to selectively inhibit the potassiuin conductance in squid axons. Since then, a large body of work has emerged describing inhibitors of voltage-gated potassium currents in a variety of cells. The advent of molecular cloning techniques and the cloning of the potassium channel encoded by the Shaker locus in Drosophila has enabled detailed structure­ function studies of several potassium channel subunits. These breakthroughs have also recently enabled studies of the "toxinology" and pharmacology of specific potassium channel subunits expressed heterologously in Xenopus oocytes and other cells. Here we describe the results of some of those efforts, focusing in particular on our work with four members of the Shaker subfamily of potassium channel a-subunits: Kvl.1 through Kvl.4. These subunits are expressed in the central nervous system and other tissues of rodents, and are highly homologous to corresponding subunits expressed in humans. We provide a profile of potency and selectivity for.five snake dendrotoxins as well as several scorpion toxins for these potassium channel subunits expressed in Xenopus oocytes. We also provide similar data for four other peptide toxins and several nonpeptide compounds that had previously been shown to inhibit potassium currents. We discuss several potential clinical applications of potassium channel inhibitors, including demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis, immunosuppression, cardiac arrhythmias, neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Further progress will require, among other things, a greater understanding of the expression patterns of potassium channel subunits in the CNS and elsewhere as well as knowledge of the specific subunit composition of heteromultimeric channels.
Application of Bayesian Semi-Parametric and Hierarchical Models for Analyzing Dispersed Traffic Barriers Crash Data
Authors: Rezapour Mahdi , Ksaibati Khaled
Published: September 2022

Introduction:

Despite the traffic barriers effectiveness in reduction of the severity of run-off road crashes, the severity of barrier crashes still accounts for a significant fraction of road fatalities. Although extensive research has already been conducted in studying traffic barrier crashes, those studies mostly either consider the severity or frequency of crashes. Here, the equivalent property damage only (EPDO) was used to account for both aspects of crashes. While modeling EPDO crashes, there are challenges associated with that type of dataset including its sparse distribution, and the presence of heterogeneity in the dataset due to aggregation of various crash types.

Methods:

Ignoring the sparse nature of the data might result in biased or even erroneous results. Thus, in this study we identify factors to barriers EPDO crashes while considering the discussed challenges. Those consideration are especially important as in the next step we will employ the modeling results for conducting the cost-benefit analysis. Two main methods were considered in this study to address the discussed challenges including parametric and non-parametric Bayesian hierarchical models. A semiparametric Bayesian approach was used to relax the normality assumption by using a mixture of multivariate Dirichlet prior, defining a flexible nonparametric model for the random effects’ distribution, and using grouping to account for the heterogeneity due to the structure of the dataset. On the other hand, Bayesian hierarchical models with two distributions of Poisson and negative binomial with similar levels of hierarchy were considered. These models were chosen as closest models to the Bayesian semiparametric model. The incorporated models were compared in terms of deviance information criterion (DIC).

Results and Discussion:

The results highlighted that although the semi-parametric method outperforms the Bayesian hierarchical model with Poisson distribution, the Bayesian hierarchical model with negative binomial (NB) distribution outperform the semi-parametric model. The findings might be related to the severe sparse nature of the EPDO, which cannot optimally be accounted by semiparametric approach, and the model needs more flexibility.

Conclusion:

It was found that being unrestrained, driving in interstate system, driving in clear weather, light conditions, and driving in a higher traffic all increase the likelihood of EPDO crashes. Also, while some predictors were significant in less accommodative models of semi-parametric or Poisson models, they were not for Negative binomial model.
Incorporación de metodologías virtuales para la enseñanza del patronaje y la confección. Fase 2: Pruebas piloto y conclusiones
Authors: Ruiz Mary Evelin , Caicedo Moreno Christian Camilo
Published: September 2022

El presente artículo expone los resultados de la aplicación de la metodología diseñada en la Fase 1 del proyecto de investigación «Diseño de metodología virtual para la enseñanza de patronaje y confección», del programa profesional en Diseño de Modas de la Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina. Este proyecto se planteó debido a la necesidad de un apoyo didáctico para el trabajo autónomo dentro del proceso formativo, apoyado con mediación tecnológica. Al finalizar el desarrollo del contenido programático de los objetos virtuales de aprendizaje (ova) en línea femenina en la primera fase (2018) y en línea masculina en la segunda fase (2019), se implementó el recurso con pruebas piloto a los grupos objetivos para los cuales fueron diseñados; se percibieron así aprendizajes efectivos en el rendimiento de cada uno de los estudiantes participantes. El análisis de esta información es lo que se presentará aquí, ya que permitió identificar oportunidades de mejora antes de continuar con el desarrollo de los OVA’s para las demás líneas y universos del vestuario. Este recurso de nuevo conocimiento y su eficacia se evidenció durante el confinamiento por la pandemia Covid-19, momento crucial para los procesos formativos sincrónicos interactivos con estudiantes a través de plataformas como Teams, Meet, Zoom, etc., lo cual permitió comprobar las mejoras aplicadas resultado del análisis de las pruebas piloto.
Development of soft takraw balls for children
Authors: Syafii M , Karo-Karo Alan Alfiansyah Putra , Sari Liliana Puspa , Aditya Rinaldi , Helmi Boby , Simangunsong Benny Aprial
Published: September 2022

Recognizing and developing the game of sepak takraw at school basic then need to make development according to the level of growth and development of children. This study aims to develop suitable and user-friendly soft takraw balls for children. This research and development adopt the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) which focuses on developing sepak takraw for children's sports by paying attention to three aspects of quality; namely effective, practical, and valid. The takraw balls that were created have been validated by sports experts such as physical education teachers, sepak takraw practitioners, and also by respondents. The results of validation data by experts, a total score of 90% (r=.9) showed high validity. Validation data by media experts and user respondents obtained 100%  (r= 1.0) which is also high validity. It can be concluded that the newly created soft takraw balls for children are suitable for the game nature and user-friendly. The quality of the ball will reduce the cost and increase the usage among young players due to the practicality.
Расчеты релятивистских, корреляционных, ядерных и квантово-электродинамических поправок к энергиям и потенциалам ионизации основного состояния литиеподобных ионов
Authors: Безбородов С.В. , Тупицын И.И. , Малышев А.В. , Миронова Д.В. , Шабаев В.М.
Published: September 2022

This paper presents all the leading contributions to the relativistic total energies and ionization
potentials of the ground state of lithium-like ions with a nuclear charge in the range Z = 3 − 20.
Correlation, relativistic and quantum-electrodynamics corrections as well as contributions due to
the finite size of the nucleus (field shift) and finite mass of the nucleus (recoil effect) are evaluated.
Relativistic calculations are performed by means of the configuration-interaction method in the
basis of the Dirac-Fock-Sturm orbitals using the Dirac-Coulomb-Breit Hamiltonian.
Влияние фотон-фононного взаимодействия на оптические свойства порошка алюминия
Authors: Киселев А.И. , Шевченко В.Г. , Конюкова А.В.
Published: September 2022

By comparing the simulated and experimental optical conductivity, the electronic structure of the aluminum film and powder at room temperature was studied. The main attention is paid to the region of the optical conductivity spectrum at absorbed photon energies above 1.3 eV. It is assumed that in this section the form of the optical conductivity spectrum of aluminum powder is largely determined by the processes of heat release during photon-phonon interaction. From a comparison of the electronic characteristics of the spectra of the film and aluminum powder, the lower limits of the forbidden band of optical phonons of the metal-oxide interface are presumably established.
Свойства спектральных параметров межмолекулярных колебаний, полученных с помощью комбинационного рассеяния света в слабых водных растворах перекиси водорода и в воде
Authors: Крайский А.В. , Мельник Н.Н. , Крайский А.А.
Published: September 2022

Измерены спектры комбинационного рассеяния света (в области 4-350 cm-1) слабых водных растворов перекиси водорода в широком диапазоне концентраций (от 3 до 0.024%) Анализировались спектральные параметры высокочастотной полосы межмолекулярных (продольных) колебаний, получаемые с помощью предложенной ранее аппроксимирующей функции. Для этого спектральные параметры полосы (для каждого эксперимента) наносились на график, в котором ось абсцисс --- квадрат ширины полосы, ось ординат --- квадрат частоты полосы. Ранее было показано, что в таких координатах точки воды располагаются в двух областях, разделенных наклонной полосой, в которой спектральные точки практически отсутствуют (частотная щель). Для точек растворов перекиси водорода с концентрацией от 3 до 0.33% все точки группируются вблизи аппроксимирующей их прямой линии и располагаются ниже этой частотной щели. Для серии с расширенным диапазоном концентраций перекиси от 3 до 0.024% разброс точек от аппроксимирующей прямой увеличивается, но также большинство точек находится ниже щели, из остальных несколько точек находятся вблизи границы щели, из них часть внутри щели, но щель сохраняется. Сделано предположение, что наличие этой щели обусловлено тем, что в жидкой фазе часть молекул воды связаны с четырьмя соседями, а оставшиеся молекулы связаны с меньшим числом соседей. Ключевые слова: комбинационное рассеяние, перекись водорода, вода, межмолекулярные колебания, высокочастотная полоса, неоднородное распределение, частотная щель, разрушение высокочастотных состояний.
Объемные интегродифференциальные уравнения в задачах дифракции и в задачах о собственных значениях (о б з о р)
Authors: Давидович М.В.
Published: September 2022

Рассмотрены объемные интегральные и интегродифференциальные уравнения, описывающие задачи дифракции на трехмерных телах с заданными макроскопическими диэлектрической и магнитной проницаемостями, а также задачи о свободных колебаниях таких тел. Получены аналогичные уравнения для волноведущих структур: полых экранированных волноводов с диэлектрическим заполнением, диэлектрических волноводов (оптических лучеводов), фотонно-кристаллических волноводов. В основном рассмотрены стационарные линейные электромагнитные задачи. Нестационарные и нелинейные задачи упомянуты вскользь. Приведены численные результаты для колебаний H01delta и H011 цилиндрического диэлектрического резонатора, для волн прямоугольного диэлектрического волновода и плазмонного волновода, дисперсии в фотонном кристалле, дифракции на прямоугольном диэлектрическом цилиндре. Ключевые слова: ...
Поперечные составляющие электромагнитного поля в волноводе с модулированным в пространстве и во времени магнитодиэлектрическим заполнением
Authors: Геворкян Э.А.
Published: September 2022

Рассматривается распространение поперечно-магнитных (ТМ) и поперечно-электрических (ТЕ) электромагнитных волн в регулярном идеальном волноводе произвольного поперечного сечения. Предполагается, что диэлектрическая и магнитная проницаемости магнитодиэлектрического заполнения волновода являются функциями, зависящими от координаты и от времени. Из системы уравнений Максвелла получены аналитические выражения для поперечных составляющих магнитного и электрического векторов ТМ- и ТЕ-полей в волноводе. Они выражаются через продольные составляющие электрического и магнитного векторов, с помощью которых описываются поперечно-магнитное и поперечно-электрическое поля в волноводе. Для указанных выше продольных составляющих электрического и магнитного векторов приведены волновые уравнения, которые также получаются из системы уравнений Максвелла. Ключевые слова: уравнения Максвелла, распространение электромагнитных волн, волновод с модулированным заполнением, поперечные компоненты, уравнения Гельмгольца, задачи Дирихле и Неймана.
Особенности фотопроводимости и люминесценции тонких пленок CdS и твердых растворов Cd-=SUB=-1-x-=/SUB=-Zn-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-S при лазерном возбуждении
Authors: Салманов В.М. , Гусейнов А.Г. , Джафаров М.А. , Maмeдов Р.M. , Мамедова Т.А.
Published: September 2022

Abstract. The features of photoconductivity and luminescence of CdS thin films and Cd1-хZnxS solid solutions obtained by chemical pulverization with subsequent pyrolysis under laser excitation have been studied experimentally. Pulsed liquid (473 - 547) nm and nitrogen (337 nm) lasers were used as a radiation source. An experimental study was made of the photoconductivity and photoluminescence spectra of Cd1-хZnxS thin films depending on the composition х at different excitation intensities and the relaxation curves of nonequilibrium photoconductivity. It is shown that the observed features in the photoconductivity and photoluminescence spectra of Cd1-хZnxS thin films are due to direct band-to-band transitions. Amplification of light is observed at high intensities of optical excitation in thin CdS films.
Исследование эффекта пространственной дисперсии в металлической оболочке несферической магнетоплазменной наночастицы
Authors: Еремин Ю.А. , Лопушенко В.В.
Published: September 2022

На основе метода дискретных источников исследуется влияние пространственной дисперсии в металлической оболочке магнитоплазмонной наночастицы на поглощение электромагнитной энергии. Гибридная частица составлена из магнитного ядра Fe3O4 или Fe2O3 и золотой оболочки. Рассматривается влияние вытянутости сфероидальных частиц на уровень поглощения энергии. Показано, что учет пространственной дисперсии в оболочке приводит к снижению сечения поглощения до 30% и сопровождается сдвигом плазмонного резонанса в коротковолновую область до 25 nm. Установлено, что осреднение сечения поглощения по направлениям распространения внешнего возбуждения и поляризациям влечет за собой снижение уровня поглощенной энергии в три раза. Ключевые слова: метод дискретных источников, плазмонный резонанс, пространственная дисперсия, теория обобщенного нелокального отклика.
Characteristics and Emerging Trends in Research on Rehabilitation Robots from 2001 to 2020: Bibliometric Study (Preprint)
Authors: Zhang Ying , Liu Xiaoyu , Qiao Xiaofeng , Fan Yubo
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND

The past 2 decades have seen rapid development in the use of robots for rehabilitation. Research on rehabilitation robots involves interdisciplinary activities, making it a great challenge to obtain comprehensive insights in this research field.

OBJECTIVE

We performed a bibliometric study to understand the characteristics of research on rehabilitation robots and emerging trends in this field in the last 2 decades.

METHODS

Reports on the topic of rehabilitation robots published from January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2020, were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection on July 28, 2022. Document types were limited to “article” and “meeting” (excluding the “review” type), to ensure that our analysis of the evolution over time of this research had high validity. We used CiteSpace to conduct a co-occurrence and co-citation analysis and to visualize the characteristics of this research field and emerging trends. Landmark publications were identified using metrics such as betweenness centrality and burst strength.

RESULTS

Through data retrieval, cleaning, and deduplication, we retrieved 9287 publications and 110,619 references cited in these publications that were on the topic of rehabilitation robots and were published between 2001 and 2020. Results of the Mann-Kendall test indicated that the numbers of both publications (P<.001; St=175.0) and citations (P<.001; St=188.0) related to rehabilitation robots exhibited a significantly increasing yearly trend. The co-occurrence results revealed 120 categories connected with research on rehabilitation robots; we used these categories to determine research relationships. The co-citation results identified 169 co-citation clusters characterizing this research field and emerging trends in it. The most prominent label was “soft robotic technology” (the burst strength was 79.07), which has become a topic of great interest in rehabilitative recovery for both the upper and lower limbs. Additionally, task-oriented upper-limb training, control strategies for robot-assisted lower limb rehabilitation, and power in exoskeleton robots were topics of great interest in current research.

CONCLUSIONS

Our work provides insights into research on rehabilitation robots, including its characteristics and emerging trends during the last 2 decades, providing a comprehensive understanding of this research field.
Investigation of CNC Milling Machining Parameters on Surface Roughness
Authors: Alyas Rasha Ramiz
Published: September 2022

Milling Machining is a widely accepted nontraditional machining technique used to produce parts with complex shapes and configurations. The material is removed in two stages roughing and finishing, the flat end cutter removed the unwanted part of material, then finished by end mill cutter. In milling technique, the role of machining factors such as cutting depth, spindle speed and feed has been studied using Taguchi technique to find its effectiveness on surface roughness.  Practical procedure is done by Taguchi Standard matrix. CNC milling is the most conventional process which is used for removing of material from workpiece to perform the needed shapes. The results and relations indicate that the rate of feed is very important factor for modeling surface roughness. The plot of S/N ratio shows that the optimum combination of the milling factors that gives the best value of surface accuracy. The best combination of milling factors has also been predicted to minimize the surface roughness.
Modified Elman Neural-PID Controller Design for DC-DC Buck Converter System Based on Dolphin Echolocation Optimization
Authors: Dagher Khulood E.
Published: September 2022

This paper describes a new proposed structure of the Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller based on modified Elman neural network for the DC-DC buck converter system which is used in battery operation of the portable devices. The Dolphin Echolocation Optimization (DEO) algorithm is considered as a perfect on-line tuning technique therefore, it was used for tuning and obtaining the parameters of the modified Elman neural-PID controller to avoid the local minimum problem during learning the proposed controller. Simulation results show that the best weight parameters of the proposed controller, which are taken from the DEO, lead to find the best action and unsaturated state that will stabilize the Buck converter system performance and achieve the desired output. In addition, there is a minimization for the tracking voltage error to zero value of the Buck converter output, especially when changing a load resistance by 10%.
Sudowest Goiano Expansion and Agricultural Contracts as Strategic Instruments for Access to Land
Authors: Maia Sara Menezes , Martin Warley Lopes , Leal Liliane Vieira Martins
Published: September 2022

The state of Goiás stands out in the country's agricultural commodities export agenda. Thus, soy, corn and sorghum are evident in the state's agricultural production. However, it is observed that the monoculture of sugarcane has been occupying more and more the productive space, especially in the southwest region. Its insertion in agribusiness gained greater visibility from 2007, when it came to occupy the first place in the production ranking of the state of Goiás and the Midwest. Natural factors in the region, incentive policies and environmental issues played fundamental and determining roles in its increase. The road infrastructure also contributed significantly to the establishment of sugarcane mills and plantations in strategic locations for the logistics of production flow and for the reduction of transport costs. However, as most of the arable areas in the southwest of Goiás are already heavily occupied by the cultivation of soybeans and, in the off-season, corn, the cultivation of sugarcane advances to these areas and also to pasture. The logic of the system is evident, the areas already cultivated provide the reduction of production costs, being able to maximize the capital of the sugar and alcohol agroindustries. It is in this context that disputes between economic agents in the field of power arise. In this way, contractual law can serve both as an instrument for acquiring land and for controlling it. Therefore, the objectives of the research are presented: to analyze contractual instruments, specifically, contracts celebrated by the sugar and alcohol agribusinesses and rural producers and the possible conflicts arising from these relationships. The methodological approach is based on quantitative and qualitative assumptions, as a means of enabling a more holistic understanding of the object of study. Regarding the techniques, the research prioritized, mainly, the bibliographic and documentary, and the main sources of secondary data collection were databases of public and private institutions. The elementary sources for the analysis were contractual instruments of agricultural partnership signed between agro-industries, rural producers and landowners. As a consequence of the study, it was observed that the partnership contract, object of analysis, is configured as an instrument of access and maintenance of land tenure and that generally the grantor partner (land owner) has less negotiation power than the partner-granted (agribusiness), mainly due to the clauses provided. Thus, it was concluded that the agroindustry holds the power of information, which generates asymmetries in the contractual relationships established.
“I Will Throw All on the Altar”: Christianity, Hinduism, and “Human Rights” in Jane Eyre
Authors: Collins Jason Emmett
Published: September 2022

Through an analysis of Charlotte Brontë’s novel Jane Eyre and her essay “Sacrifice of an Indian Widow”, this essay argues that Brontë positions Christianity as the necessary precursor for the development of secular human rights, and that in so doing she categorically excludes Hinduism from access to similar developmental possibilities. By ventriloquizing an Indian widow in Jane’s speaking voice, Brontë elides the difference of identity between them and posits Jane’s Christian emancipation as a putatively “universal” model for the emancipation of women. This sleight of hand strips the ventriloquized Indian widow of the religious and cultural particularity of her circumstances and precludes the possibility of enfranchisement within her own religious tradition. By tracing Brontë’s exclusion of Hinduism, this argument attempts to render visible the early influence of Christianity on the development of “human rights” discourse. In positing it, I hope to interrogate the Western tendency to treat “human rights” as a “universal” and therefore politically neutral discourse, ignoring the ways in which it has been conditioned by its emergence in a Western and Christian cultural context.
Bounds for absolute values and imaginary parts of matrix eigenvalues via traces
Authors: Gil’ Michael
Published: September 2022

Let λ1(A), λ2(A), ..., λn(A) be the eigenvalues of an n × n-matrix A taken with their algebraic multiplicities. We suggest new bounds for |λj (A) − trace(A)/ n | and |Im λj (A) − Im trace(A)/n | (j = 1, ..., n), which refine the previously published results.
Study on the OCR of the Devanagari script using CNN
Authors: Shirkande Prof. Aparna S. , Sawant Sakshi S. , Shinde Neha V. , Rao Sharanya S.
Published: September 2022

bstract: Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is the electronic conversion of images of typed, handwritten or printed text into machine encoded text, whether from scanned document, a photo of a document, a scene photo. The Optical Character Recognition is emerging as a useful technology for data entry, digital data storage and as an aid to visually impaired people. The Devanagari script is composed of 47 primary characters including 14 vowels and 33 consonants. It is fourth most widely adopted writing system in the world being used for 120 languages. Convolution Neural Network (CNN) are a specialized type of artificial neural networks that use a mathematical operation called convolution in place of general matrix multiplication in at least one of their layers. They are specifically designed to process pixel data and are used in
Leadership Styles of Sales Managers and their Effects on Sales Team Performance: The Augmenting Effect of Issue Leadership
Authors:   Korean Academy of Leadership, Joo Kyoung Jin , Kim Najung , Baik Ki Bok
Published: September 2022

What is the most effective style of sales leadership in a B2C sales environment? This study was designed to find the answer to this key question. We focused on examining the effects of four leadership styles (paternalistic leadership, transactional leadership, empowering leadership, and issue leadership) of sales managers on team sales performance (subjective team performance and revenue growth rate). Specifically, we analyzed the augmenting effects of each leadership style to examine each style’s discriminatory effect on sales performance at the team level.
The data were collected from 130 directly-managed branches of J company which operates B2C distribution business nationwide. In order to control for any potential common method biases, we diversified the sources to three―branch sales managers, sales team members, and objective sales data―and collected the two-wave (T1 and T2) data with the two-month interval, with different measurement points for the independent and dependent variables. Furthermore, we obtained the revenue growth rate data from the company's management database and included it as an objective team performance.
The findings of the current study could be summarized into two points. First, the issue leadership style of sales managers was the only style that had the statistically significant augmenting effects on the subjective team performance after controlling for the effects of the other three leadership styles. Second, among four leadership styles of sales managers, the issue leadership style was the only style that had significant augmenting effects on the objective sales performance, i.e., the revenue growth rate. The results verified that the sales manager's issue leadership had a significant augmenting effect on team sales performance (subjective team performance, revenue growth rate). We discussed the implications and limitations of this study and suggested how this study results could lead to future studies.
How the transformational leadership led St. Carollo Hospital to overcome crises
Authors:   Korean Academy of Leadership, Lee Joon Hyuk , Yoon Jeewhan
Published: September 2022

With the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the importance of local medical institutions’ infectious disease control and disaster response efforts has been emphasized. In particular, large regional medical institutions have played a pivotal role in responding to the outbreak. The purpose of this study is to examine how transformational leadership— with its four elements of idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individual consideration—affects hospital operations in addressing the crises. By performing qualitative research involving in-depth interviews on the transformational leadership and crises management capabilities of St. Carollo Hospital, which has grown from a small regional medical center to a large regional medical institution, this study aims to identify the role of transformational leadership in enabling a small clinic to develop and overcome challenges. The findings will have academic and practical implications and add to the current literature, which has focused mostly on large corporations and organizations.
The Effect of Authoritarian Leadership on Creativity: The Mediating Effect of Psychological Ownership and The Moderating Effect of Calling
Authors:   Korean Academy of Leadership, Park Jun Seo , Lee Hong Jeong , Son Seung Yeon
Published: September 2022

Many organizations are striving for the continuous survival and development of the organization in a complex and unpredictable environment. In particular, as the creative performance of members is the basis of organizational performance and success, research interest in the factors affecting member's creativity is increasing. Among them, positive leadership is a major area of research interest. However, there is also a negative form of leadership in the organization. Authoritarian leadership is one of the type that can be easily found due to the hierarchical nature of the organization. Nonetheless, previous studies have several limitations. First, there are limited studies that investigate the relationship between the supervisor's authoritarian leadership and member creativity, and in particular, studies on the mechanism of explaining the relationship between the two variables are insufficient. Second, research on moderating variables influencing on the process of influencing authoritarian leadership is insufficient. This study was conducted with two research purposes to supplement this. First, it examines the influence process inherent in the relationship between the supervisor's authoritarian leadership and creativity. Specifically, in this study, we consumed psychological ownership as an important channel of influence according to social exchange theory. Second, this study verify the moderating effect of the member's calling in the impact process of authoritarian leadership on creativity through the member's psychological ownership. To verify this, 154 pairs of military officers (commissioned officers and noncommissioned officers) were surveyed with 6-week time interval, and hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to verify the hypothesis. As a result of the analysis, authoritarian leadership hinders creativity through the psychological ownership of members. In addition, the higher the member's calling, the weaker the negative relationship between authoritarian leadership and psychological ownership, and the moderated mediating effect was also significant. Based on the research results, the theoretical and practical implications of this study were presented, and in the conclusion section, the limitations of the study and future research directions were mentioned.
An Empirical Analysis on Payments For Senior Assisted Living Facility in Japan
Authors:   Konkuk Research Institute of Real Estate and Urban Studies, Yoo Ha-Ra , Ro Seung-Han
Published: September 2022

This study examines the rent determinants of Senior Assisted Living Facility in Japanese society, application plans to Korean society by variable analysis. We select the subject of the study in Setagaya-Ku, one of 23 districts in Tokyo, Japan, as a microscopic perspective. For using OLS regression, we employ ‘monthly payment per unit area’ for the dependant variable while we classify independent variables as three fields: service characteristics, real estate characteristics, and facility characteristics. We develop three models which perform sequentially adding characteristic groups. Based on the result, we argue that a sufficient review of environmental factor variables such as the degree of provision of nursing services, consideration of the age of occupancy, and convenience due to reverse accessibility will be needed to introduce housing for the elderly in urban Korea.
This study will be used as a fundamental research on urban elderly housing that can be supplied to large cities with high population density in Korea.
Caregiver acceptability of a novel social needs program in a pediatric emergency department during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: a qualitative study
Authors: Chohan Neha , Nfonoyim Bianca , VonHoltz Lauren , Murray Ashlee
Published: September 2022

Purpose: The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has heightened social needs of many families, with the demand for resources, such as food, housing assistance, utilities, childcare, and mental health, rising throughout the United States. These needs were recognized by the Division of Emergency Medicine and Department of Social Work at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia in April 2020, resulting in the creation of “Family Connects,” a program that mobilizes a multidisciplinary workforce to meet social needs in an emergency department (ED). We aimed to understand experiences of families who engaged with and received information about the resources through the program. Methods: We conducted a qualitative, semi-structured, telephone interview study with a purposive convenience sample of adult participants who visited our ED as legal guardians of their ill or injured children from December 2020 through February 2021 and were contacted by a Family Connects representative. Participants were recruited via phone calls and asked questions regarding their perspectives of the program logistics, the telephone interaction, and the information provided about resources. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and de-identified. Transcripts were coded by 2 independent coders and analyzed for themes by 2 reviewers and the principal investigator. Results: Twenty-eight interviews were completed with 18 families who received information about resources, and 10 who did not. Four major themes arose: overall positive experience with the program, mixed preferences surrounding modes of communication and information distribution, poor timing of phone calls during ED visit, and numerous barriers to accessing resources. Participants provided suggestions for improvement, including sending a text-alert prior to receiving the phone calls and post-ED follow-ups to help families access resources. Conclusion: Families expressed an openness to being asked about social needs, though barriers including difficulty accessing resources and suboptimal phone call timing must be addressed to improve program delivery and effectiveness.
Association between the Korean Triage and Acuity Scale level and severity of children with dyspnea in the emergency department
Authors: Han Kwansoo , Kim Eui-Soon , Oh Young Min , Kyong Yeon Young , Kim Kiwook , Jeong Hyun Ho , Park Jung Taek , Oh Joo Suk , Choi Se Min , Choi Kyoung Ho
Published: September 2022

Purpose: Triage tools play a vital role in classifying the severity of children in emergency departments (EDs). We investigated the association between the Korean Triage and Acuity Scale (KTAS) and severity of dyspnea in the ED.Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of children aged 3-14 years with dyspnea who visited the ED from January 2015 through December 2021. They were divided into severe (KTAS level 1-3) and non-severe (KTAS level 4-5) groups. Between the groups, we compared the clinical characteristics, including age, sex, associated symptoms, vital signs, route of visit, treatment at ED, and outcomes. Results: Among a total of 468 children with dyspnea, 267 and 201 were assigned to the severe and non-severe groups, respectively. The severe group had higher frequencies of fever (21.7% vs. 13.9%; P = 0.031), cough (53.2% vs. 43.3%; P = 0.034), systemic steroids (42.3% vs. 25.9%; P < 0.001), intravenous fluids (47.6% vs. 25.4%; P < 0.001), oxygen therapy (16.5% vs. 6.5%; P = 0.001), inotropics (4.1% vs. 1.0%; P = 0.042), and hospitalization (24.7% vs. 11.9%; P = 0.002). The severe group also showed a higher mean heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature, and lower mean oxygen saturation (all Ps < 0.001). Among these findings, fever, heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, intravenous fluids, oxygen therapy, inotropics, and hospitalization remained significantly different between the groups after defining the severe group as a KTAS level 1-2.Conclusion: This study shows the association between KTAS and severity of dyspnea in the ED. Therefore, KTAS may reflect not only the initial clinical conditions but also emergency measures and outcomes in children with dyspnea who visit EDs.
A NEW WEIBULL-LINDLEY DISTRIBUTION IN MODELLING LIFETIME DATA
Authors: ÜNAL Ceren , ÖZEL Gamze
Published: September 2022

Literatürde Alzaatreh ve diğerleri [10] çalışmalarında genelleştirilmiş Weibull-X dağılım ailesini önermişlerdir. Önerilen dağılımdan yararlanarak, bu çalışmada yeni bir Weibull-Lindley (NWL) dağılımı geliştirilmiştir. Olasılık yoğunluk, dağılım, yaşam, hazard ve kantil fonksiyonları, mod, medyan, Shannon entropisi, çarpıklık ve basıklık katsayıları, sıralı istatistikleri gibi birçok matematiksel özellik de elde edilmiştir. Maksimum olabilirlik yöntemine göre parametre tahmini yapılmıştır. Uygulama kısmında gerçek veri setlerini kullanılmış ve önerilen NWL dağılımımız Akash, Lindley, New Weibull-F, iki parametreli Lindley (TPL) ve Weibull-Lindley (WL) dağılımları ile karşılaştırıldığında daha iyi sonuçların elde edildiği görülmüştür.
Diversity loss from multiple interacting disturbances is regime-dependent
Authors: Lear Luke , Inamine Hidetoshi , Shea Katriona , Buckling Angus
Published: September 2022

Climate change is bringing unforeseen alterations to disturbance
regimes, exposing many ecosystems to multiple novel disturbances
simultaneously. Despite this, how biodiversity responds to simultaneous
disturbances remains unclear, with conflicting empirical results on
their interactive effects. Here, we experimentally test how one
disturbance (an invasive species) affects the diversity of a community
over multiple levels of another disturbance regime (pulse mortality).
Specifically, we invade stably coexisting bacterial communities under
four different pulse frequencies, and compare their final resident
diversity to uninvaded communities under the same pulse mortality
regimes. We find that the disturbances synergistically interact such
that the invader significantly reduces resident diversity at high pulse
frequency, but not at low. This work therefore highlights the need to
study simultaneous disturbance effects over multiple disturbance regimes
as well as to carefully document unmanipulated disturbances, and may
help explain the conflicting results seen in previous
multiple-disturbance work.
Nationally Subsidized Continuous Glucose Monitoring: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Pease Anthony J , Zoungas Sophia , Callander Emily , Jones Timothy W , Johnson Stephanie R , Holmes-Walker D Jane , Bloom David E , Davis Elizabeth A , Zomer Ella
Published: September 2022

  

Objective: The ‘Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) Initiative’ recently introduced universal subsidized CGM funding for people with type 1 diabetes under 21 years of age in Australia. We thus aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of this CGM Initiative based on national implementation data and project the economic impact of extending the subsidy to all age groups.

Methods: A patient-level Markov model was used to simulate disease progression for young people with type 1 diabetes and compared government subsidized access to CGM with the previous user-funded system. Three years of real-world clinical input data were sourced from analysis of the Australasian Diabetes Data Network and National Diabetes Services Scheme registries. Costs were considered from the Australian healthcare system’s perspective. An annual discount rate of 5% was applied to future costs and outcomes. Uncertainty was evaluated with probabilistic and deterministic sensitivity analyses.

 

Results: Government subsidized CGM funding for young people with type 1 diabetes compared to a completely user-funded model resulted in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of AUD $39,518 per quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained. Most simulations (85%) were below the commonly accepted willingness-to-pay threshold of AUD $50,000 per QALY gained in Australia. Sensitivity analyses indicated that base-case results were robust, although strongly impacted by the cost of CGM devices. Extending the CGM Initiative throughout adulthood resulted in an ICER of AUD $34,890 per QALY gained.

Conclusions: Providing subsidized access to CGM for people with type 1 diabetes was found to be cost-effective compared to a completely user-funded model in Australia. 
Calcium phosphate bone cement and metaphyseal ­corrective osteotomies in the upper extremity: long-term follow-up of 10 children
Authors: Winge Mona I , Røkkum Magne
Published: September 2022

Background and purpose: The evaluation of metaphyseal angular deformities in children includes indication and timing for corrective osteotomy, and possible need for several operations during growth. Gap-fillers are usually autologous bone grafts, which might cause donor site problems. Calcium phosphate (CaP) bone cement may be a possible alternative.Patients and methods: We performed 15 corrective osteotomies from 2007 to 2013 in 10 children, ages 5 to 18, with Norian SRS bone cement as a gap-filler, in the distal radius (12), proximal radius (1), and proximal humerus (2). Due to growth arrest and gradually increasing malalignments 3/10 children needed 1–3 additional corrections. Locking plates and screws were used except in 1 case at first surgery, aged 5 (K-wires). 2 children needed additional limb lengthening with external fixator.Results: All osteotomies healed. Postoperative radiographs and CT scans showed good alignment and gradual transformation of cement into bone. Remodeling was visible intraoperatively in patients needing multiple surgeries. Return to earlier osteotomy sites was unproblematic. No adverse events from using CaP cement were experienced.Interpretation:  CaP cement is an alternative to bone grafts in upper extremity metaphyseal corrective osteotomies in children, and also when greater corrections are necessary or several surgeries indicated during the growth period.
Solving Bi-Criteria and Bi-Objectives of Total Tardiness Jobs Times and Range of Lateness Problems Using New Techniques
Authors: Ali Faez Hassan , Jawad Riyam Noori , Hussein Wadhah Abdulleh
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we proposed new techniques to solve one of the important fields of the Combinatorial Optimization Problem, which is the problem of machine scheduling. The problem which wants to be solved in this paper is the total tardiness times and range of lateness. For bi-criteria we have (1//(∑Tj,RL)) while for bi-objective we have (1//(∑Tj+RL)). In order to solve the suggested two problems, some new exact and approximation methods are suggested which are produced good results. The results which are obtained from applying the newly proposed methods are compared with the exact method; like Complete Enumeration Method (CEM), then compared results of the heuristics with each other's to obtain the most efficient method.
New Types of Separation Axioms via Wp-Open Sets
Authors: Jubair Waqas Battal , Ali Haider Jebur
Published: September 2022

In this work, new kinds of separation axioms using wp open sets, some results, properties, examples, and the relationship between these concepts have been given to support our work.
The impact of Cobalt and Strontium radiation on Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Mhana Waleed Jabbar
Published: September 2022

The research aims to study the effect of radiation emitted from different clinical sources, including cobalt and strontium.  The study was carried out using isolates of Pseudomonas bacteria isolated from Baghdad hospitals during the year 2021, about 20 isolates from the blood of patients infected with the bacteria. The results showed a lethal effect on Pseudomonas bacteria when exposed to radiation at different times during one hour, two hours and three hours. Different doses using cobalt with effective 1 mci and 10  mci in the presence and absence of aluminium, and the use of strontium in the presence and absence of aluminium.  Co60 (10Mci) without Alminium, with dose 12.48472106(1hr.), 24.96944212 (2hr.), 37.45416318 (3hr.) that emit Beta and Gamma; Co60 (10Mci) with aluminium with dose 0.023315312×10-7 (1hr.), 0.046630625×10-7 (2hr.), 0.069945936×10-7 (3hr.) that emit Beta ray; Co60 (1Mci) without Alminium with dose 3.4178394 (1hr.), 6.835678887 (2hr.), 10.2535182 (3hr.) that emit Beta and Gamma; Co60 (1Mci) with alminium with dose   0.155992856*10-4 (1hr.), 0.311985712*10-4 (2hr.), 0.467978568×10-4 (3hr.) that emit Beta ray and Sr90 with dose 0.73251×10-2 (1hr.) 1.4650×10-2 (2hr.), 2.19753×10-2 (3hr.)   The results showed that the killing rate of P. aeruginosa bacteria using cobalt 10 mCi without aluminium was 78%, and in the presence of aluminium 100%. In comparison, the killing rate of Pseudomonas bacteria with effective effectiveness of 1 mC without aluminium was 100% and in the presence of aluminium 98%, and the killing rate of Pseudomonas bacteria without aluminium was 83%  and in the presence of aluminium 96% compared with control.