bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preprocessing Greek Papyri for Linguistic Annotation
Authors: Vierros Marja , Henriksson Erik
Published: June 2021

Greek documentary papyri form an important direct source for Ancient Greek. It has been exploited surprisingly little in Greek linguistics due to a lack of good tools for searching linguistic structures. This article presents a new tool and digital platform, “Sematia”, which enables transforming the digital texts available in TEI EpiDoc XML format to a format which can be morphologically and syntactically annotated (treebanked), and where the user can add new metadata concerning the text type, writer and handwriting of each act of writing. An important aspect in this process is to take into account the original surviving writing vs. the standardization of language and supplements made by the editors. This is performed by creating two different layers of the same text. The platform is in its early development phase. Ongoing and future developments, such as tagging linguistic variation phenomena as well as queries performed within Sematia, are discussed at the end of the article.
A Classification of Manuscripts Based on A New Quantitative Method. The Old Latin Witnesses of John's Gospel as Text Case
Authors: Pastorelli David
Published: June 2021

A new method for grouping manuscripts in clusters is presented with the calculation of distances between readings, then between witnesses. A classification algorithm (" Hierarchical Ascendant Clustering "), achieved through computer-aided processing, enables the construction of trees illustrating the textual taxonomy obtained. This method is applied to the Old Latin witnesses of the Gospel of John, and, in order to provide a study of a reasonable size, to a chapter as a whole (chapter 14). The result basically confirms the text-types identified by Bonatius Fischer, founder of the Vetus Latina Institute, while it invalidates the classification adopted by the current edition of the Vetus Latina of the Gospel of John.
Causal reasoning and symbolic relationships in Medieval Illuminations
Authors: Diarra Djibril , Clouzot Martine , Nicolle Christophe
Published: June 2021

This work applies knowledge engineering’s techniques to medieval illuminations. Inside it, an illumination is considered as a knowledge graph which was used by some elites in the Middle Ages to represent themselves as a social group and exhibit the events in their lives, and their cultural values. That graph is based on combinations of symbolic elements linked each to others with semantic relations. Those combinations were used to encode visual metaphors and influential messages whose interpretations are sometimes tricky for not experts. Our work aims to describe the meaning of those elements through logical modelling using ontologies. To achieve that, we construct logical reasoning rules and simulate them using artificial intelligence mechanisms. The goal is to facilitate the interpretation of illuminations and provide, in a future evolution of current social media, logical formalisation of new encoding and information transmission services.
Conceptual modeling of prosopographic databases integrating quality dimensions
Authors: Akoka Jacky , Comyn-Wattiau Isabelle , Lamassé Stéphane , Du Mouza Cédric
Published: June 2021

Prosopographic databases, which allow the study of social groups through their bibliography, are used today by a significant number of historians. Computerization has allowed intensive and large-scale exploitation of these databases. The modeling of these proposopographic databases has given rise to several data models. An important problem is to ensure a level of quality of the stored information. In this article , we propose a generic data model allowing to describe most of the existing prosopographic databases and to enrich them by integrating several quality concepts such as uncertainty, reliability, accuracy or completeness.
Individual vs. Collaborative Methods of Crowdsourced Transcription
Authors: Blickhan Samantha , Krawczyk Coleman , Hanson Daniel , Boyer Amy , Simenstad Andrea , van Hyning Victoria
Published: June 2021

While online crowdsourced text transcription projects have proliferated in the last decade, there is a need within the broader field to understand differences in project outcomes as they relate to task design, as well as to experiment with different models of online crowdsourced transcription that have not yet been explored. The experiment discussed in this paper involves the evaluation of newly-built tools on the Zooniverse.org crowdsourcing platform, attempting to answer the research question: "Does the current Zooniverse methodology of multiple independent transcribers and aggregation of results render higher-quality outcomes than allowing volunteers to see previous transcriptions and/or markings by other users? How does each methodology impact the quality and depth of analysis and participation?" To answer these questions, the Zooniverse team ran an A/B experiment on the project Anti-Slavery Manuscripts at the Boston Public Library. This paper will share results of this study, and also describe the process of designing the experiment and the metrics used to evaluate each transcription method. These include the comparison of aggregate transcription results with ground truth data; evaluation of annotation methods; the time it took for volunteers to complete transcribing each dataset; and the level of engagement with other project elements such as posting on the message board or reading supporting documentation. Particular focus will be given to the (at times) competing goals of data quality, efficiency, volunteer engagement, and user retention, all of which are of high importance for projects that focus on data from galleries, libraries, archives and museums. Ultimately, this paper aims to provide a model for impactful, intentional design and study of online crowdsourcing transcription methods, as well as shed light on the associations between project design, methodology and outcomes.
Indigenous frameworks for data-intensive humanities: recalibrating the past through knowledge engineering and generative modelling.
Authors: Shep Sydney , Frean Marcus , Owen Rhys , Pope Rere-No-A-Rangi , Reihana Pikihuia , Chan Valerie
Published: June 2021

Identifying, contacting and engaging missing shareholders constitutes an enormous challenge for Māori incorporations, iwi and hapū across Aotearoa New Zealand. Without accurate data or tools to har-monise existing fragmented or conflicting data sources, issues around land succession, opportunities for economic development, and maintenance of whānau relationships are all negatively impacted. This unique three-way research collaboration between Victoria University of Wellington (VUW), Parininihi ki Waitotara Incorporation (PKW), and University of Auckland funded by the National Science Challenge | Science for Technological Innovation catalyses innovation through new digital humanities-inflected data science modelling and analytics with the kaupapa of reconnecting missing Māori shareholders for a prosperous economic, cultural, and socially revitalised future. This paper provides an overview of VUW's culturally-embedded social network approach to the project, discusses the challenges of working within an indigenous worldview, and emphasises the importance of decolonising digital humanities.
Character Segmentation in Asian Collector's Seal Imprints: An Attempt to Retrieval Based on Ancient Character Typeface
Authors: Li Kangying , Batjargal Biligsaikhan , Maeda Akira
Published: June 2021

Collector's seals provide important clues about the ownership of a book. They contain much information pertaining to the essential elements of ancient materials and also show the details of possession, its relation to the book, the identity of the collectors and their social status and wealth, amongst others. Asian collectors have typically used artistic ancient characters rather than modern ones to make their seals. In addition to the owner's name, several other words are used to express more profound meanings. A system that automatically recognizes these characters can help enthusiasts and professionals better understand the background information of these seals. However, there is a lack of training data and labelled images, as samples of some seals are scarce and most of them are degraded images. It is necessary to find new ways to make full use of such scarce data. While these data are available online, they do not contain information on the characters' position. The goal of this research is to assist in obtaining more labelled data through user interaction and provide retrieval tools that use only standard character typefaces extracted from font files. In this paper, a character segmentation method is proposed to predict the candidate characters' area without any labelled training data that contain character coordinate information. A retrieval-based recognition system that focuses on a single character is also proposed to support seal retrieval and matching. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed character segmentation method performs well on Asian collector's seals, with 85% of the test data being correctly segmented.
ekdosis: Using LuaL A T E X for Producing TEI xml Compliant Critical Editions and Highlighting Parallel Writings
Authors: Alessi Robert
Published: June 2021

ekdosis is a LuaL A T E X package written by R. Alessi designed for multilingual critical editions. It can be used to typeset texts and different layers of critical notes in any direction accepted by LuaT E X. Texts can be arranged in running paragraphs or on facing pages, in any number of columns which in turn can be synchronized or not. Database-driven encoding under L A T E X allows extraction of texts entered segment by segment according to various criteria: main edited text, variant readings, translations or annotated borrowings between texts. In addition to printed texts, ekdosis can convert .tex source files so as to produce TEI xml compliant critical editions. It will be published under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 3.
Qualitative Exploration of Mealtime Routines and Parental Stress of Children with Pediatric Feeding Disorders: Analysis of Occupational Performance
Authors:   , Patino Andrea
Published: June 2021

Pediatric feeding disorders (PFD) affect approximately 25-35% of children with typical development, 40-80% of children with developmental disabilities, and 90% of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Feeding disorders affect families by disrupting mealtime routines, changing family dynamics, and increasing parental stress. Occupational therapy (OT) focuses on client-centered care that facilitates independence in meaningful occupations, including feeding and eating. OTs also play an essential role in assisting, training, and educating parents on effective mealtime strategies that can be implemented and carried over into the home environment. Few research studies show how parents manage behaviors and stress during mealtime routines, and little attention has been placed on how PFD can affect parental stress. This study reinforces the value of OT services that focus on family-based interventions and family-based training, considering rituals, routines, and environment to help decrease parental stress during mealtime routines. Data was collected during face-to-face interviews with parents of children diagnosed with PFD. The data gathered was used to identify and analyze how parents of children with PFD manage behaviors and stress during mealtimes. This study benefits families of children with PFD because it will provide additional resources and advocacy for parents. The benefit of having more resources available for parents regarding mealtime stress and mealtime behaviors is that parents will have more opportunities to find a strategy that will benefit the family routine and dynamic. This study will benefit OT practitioners because it will help guide OT family-based interventions reinforcing the importance of carry-over strategies for parents. Analysis of the data suggested that parents of children with PFD perceive mealtime behaviors as highly stressful. The analysis also showed that parents tend to ignore maladaptive mealtime behaviors during mealtime. However, when this was not successful, they would soothe the child or use punishment such as taking away electronic devices. To relieve stress, parents reported getting outdoors and talking to family or friends as the primary way of reducing stress. The findings from this qualitative study support the need for OTs to incorporate families’ unique habits, routines, and cultural and social norms into parent training to ensure the carry-over of strategies into the respective home environment.
Occupational Therapy in Youth Violence: An Occupation-Based Program for At-Risk Youth
Authors:   , Shahin Jasmine
Published: June 2021

Throughout the years, youth participating in violence has become an increased concern around the nation as there is an increase in media outlets displaying tragedies, such as mass school shootings caused by students. The at-risk youth population is a specific population disadvantaged in engaging in safe and health-promoting activities due to limited resources or opportunities. As a result, at-risk youth make decisions based on their disadvantaged environment (Farajzadegan et al., 2018; Gallagher et al., 2015a). Factors including socioeconomic status, social support from family or friends, and mental health impact an individual’s opinions, attitudes, and interests as well as their occupational choices. When one or more of these factors are lacking, it may hinder both social participation and self-regulation skills. Poor social participation and self-regulation skills impair initiating and maintaining positive relationships and the ability to cope and adapt to the social environment. When constantly faced with traumatic or significant life challenges, at-risk youth are more likely to have lower self-efficacy or beliefs in their capabilities (Burger & Samuel, 2017). Occupational therapists can further develop social participation and self-regulation skills. However, they are underutilized on intervention teams for the at-risk youth population despite their trained background in mental health. Therefore, the purpose of this capstone project was to implement an occupation-based program to improve social participation and self-regulation skills in at-risk youth to prevent youth violence and decrease maladaptive behaviors.
Canonical tensor scaling
Authors: Nguyen Tung , Uhlmann Jeffrey
Published: June 2021

In this paper we generalize the canonical positive scaling of rows and columns of a matrix to the scaling of selected-rank subtensors of an arbitrary tensor. We expect our results and framework will prove useful for sparse-tensor completion required for generalizations of the recommender system problem beyond a matrix of user-product ratings to multidimensional arrays involving coordinates based both on user attributes (e.g., age, gender, geographical location, etc.) and product/item attributes (e.g., price, size, weight, etc.).
Microbial Contamination in Drinking Water of Saggiyan-Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Javed Mohsin , Aslam Muhammad Umer , Nadeem Sohail , Aftab Hina , Hussain Shabbir , Arif Muhammad , Raza Hamid , Haroon Shah Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Amjad
Published: June 2021

The present study was carried to evaluate the physico-chemical parameters and microbial contamination of drinking water in the area of Saggiyan, Lahore. The tested water samples (S1-S30) were found to contain 199.6-402 mg/L TDS, 196-260 ppm EC, 196-260 ppm Hardness, 0.8-17 NTU turbidity, 169-290 mg/L alkalinity, 0-0.1 ppb arsenic and 0-0.1 ppm fluoride contents. 95% of the water samples were found contaminated with fecal coliforms while 27% of the samples had shown the presence of E. coli. Though the physico-chemical parameters of most water samples were found in the safe limits of WHO, however, the presence of microbial contamination rendered it non-suitable for drinking purposes.
Problems of implementing punishment in the form of restraint of freedom in modern conditions
Authors:   Institute of Law and Economics of the Federal Penal Service of Russia, KOMBAROV R.V.
Published: June 2021

The article considers the problems of implementation of criminal punishment in form of restraint of freedom in modern conditions. The article presents an analysis of the survey of 318 employees of Criminal Executive Inspections from seven regions on this issue. The author suggests ways and means of solving problems that arise in the process of execution of freedom.
Errors of legislative technique made in establishing responsibility for an act of international terrorism
Authors:   Moscow Region State University, LAPSHIN V.F. , NADYSEVA E.KH. ,   Moscow Region State University
Published: June 2021

This research is devoted to the legal analysis of the content of the norms of the Russian Criminal Law on liability for committing an act of international terrorism. Adding Article 361 to the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation was due to the officially declared need to strengthen the fight against terrorist activities, including acts of terrorism, the preparation and commission of which is carried out by representatives of international terrorist organizations. The analysis of the content of the disposition of Art. 361 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Сетевой научно-практический журнал частного и публичного права 37 Federation made it possible to identify a number of significant violations of the norms of legislative technique, made in the description of certain legally significant features. This creates objective difficulties for the interpretation of the provisions of Art. 361 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in the process of qualifying a crime, and gives rise to unjustified competition with Art. 205 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which establishes liability for a terrorist act. Based on the results of the study, a scientifically substantiated conclusion is drawn that it is inexpedient to include the norm that establishes liability for an act of international terrorism in the Special Part of the Russian Criminal Law.
The sphere of procurement for state and municipal needs as an object of criminal law protection
Authors:   People’s Friendship University of Russia, MOROZOV A.V.
Published: June 2021

The presented research is aimed at clarifying specific features in the development of relatively new social relations that arise when placing orders and choosing counterparties who have confirmed their readiness to provide state or municipal authorities with the necessary material values, perform work or provide services on a reimbursable basis. This area has now gone beyond the plane of purely economic relations, and, for a reason, has increasingly begun to be considered as an object of corruption encroachments. In the course of the research, the analysis of opinions expressed in the scientific literature on the essence of the sphere of procurement for state and municipal needs as one of the components of the object of criminal law protection was carried out. Regulations governing the procedure for the implementation of these activities were studied, as well. Based on the results of the work, conclusions were formulated regarding the essence of procurement for state and municipal needs, and a substantiation of the features of ensuring the protection of these public relations by means of criminal law was proposed.
Some elements of penal and other supervision over the contingent in places of deprivation of liberty
Authors:   Academy of the Federal Penal Service of Russia, PONIKAROV V.A.
Published: June 2021

The article reveals the content and features of supervision, gives recommendations for improving the penal legislation. The author considers penal supervision as the prevention of offenses. The problems arising in the implementation of supervision over convicts in correctional institutions are analyzed, some directions of reforming the penal supervision are proposed.
Features of establishing liability for crimes involving the use of doping in the field of sports
Authors:   Academy of FSIN Russia, TITLOVA D.V.
Published: June 2021

The article analyzes the content of those innovation norms in the Russian criminal legislation that establish liability for the use of doping drugs in the field of amateur and professional sports. The article provides evidence of the high social and political significance of social relations that have developed in the field of sports. The promotion of a sports lifestyle is one of the conditions for protecting the health of the nation, as a result of which the health safety of persons taking direct part in sports at various levels should be provided with special criminal law means, which implies the allocation of a separate object in the structure of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. On the basis of the results of the study of the anti-doping sphere of criminal law protection, as well as the content of special norms of the criminal law, assumptions are made about the presence of gaps in the content of the current norms on liability for the use of doping drugs and other prohibited drugs (substances). On this basis, the work identifies possible directions for the implementation of further scientific research in the field of health protection of persons taking part in sports competitions at various levels.
Procedural issues of interaction between judicial investigative bodies and penitentiary inspections by executing restraint measure in the form of a prohibition of certain actions
Authors:   Vologda Institute of Law and Economics of the Federal Penal Service of Russia, KOLPAKOVA L.A. , KOCHETOVA E.A. ,   Vologda Institute of Law and Economics of the Federal Penal Service of Russia
Published: June 2021

The article examines some of the problems that arise during the execution of restraint measures in the form of a prohibition of certain actions by the penal inspectorates (PI), which lie in the plane of interaction with the persons in whose proceedings the criminal case is and the courts. It is determined that these problems are of a systemic nature, and recommendations are given for their solution. It is concluded that the information interaction of these subjects is the main form that creates the preconditions for the effective execution of the prohibitions established by the court. An algorithm for the interaction of the PI with the preliminary investigation bodies and courts in cases of violation of the established restrictions by the controlled person is presented. Based on the analysis of legal practice legal mechanisms are proposed for the response of PIs to errors and ambiguities in court decisions received for execution.
On the reasons for redress by the court grievances against the actions of the investigator (in accordance with Article 125 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation)
Authors:   Moscow Academy of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation, CHEREMISINA T.V.
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the problems of court decision-making on grievances regarding the unjustified application of Art. 24 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation. It examines the problems of the participation of an investigator in court hearings, provides actual examples of judicial practice in redressing citizens’ grievances. The author concludes that when the applicant exercises the right to go to court in accordance with Art. 125 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to take into account the limits of judicial consideration of the grievance and the prospects for the assessment by the court of the decision taken by the official
Indo-Pak Media Approach towards Peace and War Journalism during the Policy Crisis: Analyzing the Coverage of Pulwama Attack and Balakot Air-Strike in daily Dawn and The Hindu
Authors: Din Jamal Ud , Qadri Muhammad Ahmed , Khan Root ul Amin
Published: June 2021

This study contently examines the media coverage of Pulwama attack and Balakot air strike in daily Dawn and The Hindu, wherein the total 162 news stories on both the selected issues were thoroughly analyzed in the broader perspective of peace journalism. Supporting the core theoretical assumptions of indexing theory [media follow the guidelines of elites] and policy-media interaction model [media tow the government’s policy line], the Indo-Pak media employ, to some extent, peace journalism, especially at the time of policy crisis. However, the study shows mixed results as the Indian newspaper, owing to prevailing political environment in India, was more inclined towards war journalism 38.8% as compare to the war-oriented  12.2% coverage in daily Dawn. On other hand, the findings indicate high level of tendency in daily Dawn i.e. 53.7% towards peace journalism, comparing with 23.8% peace-oriented coverage in daily The Hindu.
PREVALENCE OF THE USE AND SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE OF GENERIC DRUGS IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF ITUMBIARA-GO
Authors: da Silva Sergio Eustaquio Lemos , da Silva Vitor Simao , Silva Karina Santos , Ferreira Nayane Lopes , Miranda Vanessa Silva
Published: June 2021

The objective of this study was to point out the prevalence of generic drug use and popular acceptance in the municipality of Itumbiara-GO, besides presenting the relationship between cost and benefit, efficacy and factors that influence user acceptance. The study consisted of a bibliographic and field study, through the application of a quantitative methodology, through a structured questionnaire that was applied and a group of 50 randomly selected people. It was verified that most of the group of interviewees has knowledge about generic drugs, as well as their low costs; but reported that they receive information from unreliable sources, which state that the generic medication does not have the same efficacy as a reference drug. The research also related that public policy actions development lives by the Ministry of Health and health professionals are mental foundations for the popularization of generic products. It was possible to conclude that the actions of dissemination and education by health agencies should be continuous, since they have the purpose of informing the community and thus, contributing to the promotion of health, especially, of the low-income population.,
Recognition of the Victimizer and Its Application in Criminal Police Investigations
Authors:   Departmant of Prevention of Crime, Najja faculty member, Tehran, Iran, Sharifpour Hosein
Published: June 2021

Over time, the study of the victimizer concept indicates the evolution of this concept and the emergence of four different tendencies in this field, which have been created in response to the offenders' needs. These four tendencies are 1- general victimizer, 2- criminal or reciprocal action, 3- critical victimizer and 4- legal victimizer. The fourth approach, the new method of the victimizer, aims to investigate the characteristics of the victimizer, the pattern of the victimizer, and the repetition of these patterns to achieve the criminal seminally. Rush to the aid of homicide investigations, police and detectives. Forensic victimizer against theoretical principle is an applied principle. This stage of victimizer by adopting a new approach of misdemeanours while examining the normative and individualized offenders specific offences, drawing all the patterns of victimizer and discovering a list of comprehensive characteristics of the offender such as physical, biological, mental, social, educational, occupational and personality characteristics during the victimizer While estimating the criminality of the offender, it tries to create comprehensive standards for faster detection of similar crimes and also by identifying hidden and suspicious models of victimizer to help prevent crime. This approach by collecting preliminary information and forming a conscious profile for the victimizer is deliberate parts of the puzzle of personality, age, social, economic, cultural, etc. It also solves the victimizer, and considering and interpreting the statements and experience of certain offenders scientifically is trying to answer the questions.
ANALISIS PENGARUH RASIO KEUANGAN TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM PADA PERUSAHAAN PERBANKAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE 2016-2018
Authors: Ady Rony Arpinto
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh rasio keuangan terhadap harga saham pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2016-2018.  Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif (menggunakan data yang dapat diukur dalam suatu skala numerik/angka), dengan menggunakan data sekunder berupa data panel (pooling data) yang menggabungkan data runtut waktu (time series) dan data kerat lintang (cross section) dalam periode waktu. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan data sekunder. Pengumpulan data arsip berupa data sekunder menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data pengambilan basis data pooling data/ data panel (gabungan data time series dan cross section). Dalam menganalisis data, peneliti menggunakan uji regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan antara ROA terhadap Harga Saham. Tidak terdapat pengaruh antara ROE terhadap Harga Saham. Terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan antara NPM terhadap Harga Saham.
Cut Throat Injury: A Tertiary Care Centre Experience
Authors: Gupta Devang , Shah Chaitry , Jain Vaishali , Ganvit Nikita
Published: June 2021

Introduction
Cut throat injuries are one of the challenging emergencies encountered in clinical practice. This study evaluates the causes and management of cut throat injuries.
 
Materials and Methods
This was a retrospective study of total 100 cases of cut throat injury presented to the department of ENT in a tertiary care hospital in Ahmedabad between June 2017 and June 2019. Majority of patients were managed by suturing.
 
Results
In our study 69% were males,31% were females. The peak age of incidence is 4th decade (55%). 70% of them have injury in Zone II. Seventy eight percent of the patients presented with active bleed without major vessel injury. The most common cause of cut throat injury had been found to be accidental (75%), 54% had injury up to muscular layer. Five patients were managed by laryngotracheal stent placement.
Conclusion
The middle aged males were mostly affected. The majority had zone 2 injury.  The most common cause was Accidental (seasonal manja/ kite thread cut). Primary repair is the best way to avoid complications.
Itchy Ears
Authors: R Shilpa , Swamy Mallikarjuna
Published: June 2021

Introduction
Though itchy ears cause significant discomfort, patients generally do not consult a doctor till it becomes chronic. Moreover, itching as a symptom hardly receives any attention in non-dermatological clinics and is generally not considered as a condition worth evaluating. Thus, this study was performed to examine the predisposing factors of itchy ears and the outcomes of corresponding treatment.
Materials and Methods
This was a prospective observational study carried out over a period of 12 months (July 2019 to June 2020). The study included 200 patients belonging to the age group ranging from toddler to elderly (≤70 years) and presenting at the ENT OPD of a Tertiary Care Teaching Institute with the complaints of itching in one or both the ears. Following the diagnosis, appropriate treatment was started. The patients were then followed-up after 10 days, to note if symptom of itchiness in the ear(s) had relieved.
Results
Out of 200 patients, 89 presented with itchy ears due to various etiology, of which most common were otomycosis (N=30), allergic rhinitis (N=15), and keratosis obturans (N=10). However, majority of the patients (N=111) had impacted wax as the predisposing factor (trauma (N=27), abnormal anatomy (N=65), or hereditary (N=19)), resulting in itchy ears. On the 10th day, complaint of itchy ears was relieved in majority of the patients. However, amongst 30 patients, 3 patients with fungal infection of the external auditory canal still complained of itchy ears and thus, were referred to dermatologist.
Conclusion
Impacted wax was the most frequently observed predisposing factor and was commonly observed across all the age groups. Majority of the patients responded well to the treatment and were relieved of itchy ears.
Hubungan Perkhidmatan Sukan dengan Kepuasan Atlet Universiti Awam Malaysia
Authors: Abdul Rahman Ahmad Fadly , Taat Muhamad Suhaimi , Nordin Hasnol , Lada Suddin
Published: June 2021

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti perkhidmatan sukan terhadap kepuasan atlet di Universiti Awam Malaysia. Seramai 115 orang atlet yang terdiri daripada atlet bola tampar di universiti awam Malaysia sebagai responden kajian. Kajian ini ialah satu kajian kuantitatif yang menggunakan kaedah tinjauan. Adaptasi soal selidik telah digunakan dalam kajian ini berdasarkan Instrument for Evaluating Service Quality of Health-Fitness Clubs (SQAS) Lam et.al.,(2005) bagi mengkaji kualiti perkhidmatan sukan dan Athlete Satisfaction Questionnaire (ASQ) (Reimer & Chelladurai, 1998) & Asiah Pilus (2009) bagi melihat kepuasan atlet. Kajian rintis dijalankan untuk menguji kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan instrumen kajian. Analisa data kajian menggunakan program SPSS versi 24.0 (Statiscal Package for Social Science). Analisis statistik diskriptif dan inferensi digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis kajian. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan diantara perkhidmatan sukan dengan kepuasan atlet universiti. Aspek staf menunjukkan hubungan kuat dengan kepuasan atlet dan aspek tempahan menunjukkan hubungan yang rendah terhadap kepuasan atlet. Dapatan kajian juga menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan penggunaan perkhidmatan sukan mengikut jantina dan dapatan kajian menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan pengalaman atlet berdasarkan peringkat tertinggi. Kajian ini mencadangkan perkhidmatan sukan di universiti boleh disesuaikan dengan keperluan semasa seperti kecekapan staf dalam urusan tadbir organisasi, berpengetahuan dalam bidang sains sukan, penggunaan alatan moden seperti kemudahan dan peralatan sukan terkini, sistem tempahan dan hebahan secara online, penganjuran aktiviti atau program sukan kepada atlet yang berimpak tinggi, sistem data atlet atau lain-lain secara efisen, kreatif dan berinovatif.
METHODS, PROCEDURES, PRACTICES AND RULES OF CARRYING OUT CERTIFICATION IN THE CERTIFICATION SYSTEM OF RAILCAR BUILDING PRODUCTS
Authors:   State Enterprise «Ukrainian Railway Car Building Research Institute», Semko Zh.O.
Published: June 2021

After adoption of the Law of Ukraine On Technical Regulations and Conformity Assessment, and, in connection with the transition from mandatory certification in the state system to the sphere of technical regulation, the bodies that carry out activities on product certification were facing the need to create their own certification systems. On the one hand, this is a necessity step, and on the other, it is the acquisition of some freedoms in the choice of the methodology for carrying out certification work; the possibility of improving activities; promoting the development of promising areas within the scope of accreditation; enhanced functionality. In this case, the above-mentioned positive aspects of creating the own certification system, which, by the way, may differ from other systems, provide conditions for the certification body to be very responsible for the decisions made on the conformity of certified products. The purpose of this article is to provide information on methodological approaches to the creation, development and improvement of the Certification System for railcar building products. In general, the creation of a certification system for railcar-building products took place during the period of formation of the UkrSEPRO certification system. But during this period in Ukraine national standards of the 3400 series were put into effect, in which the basic principles, rules, requirements and structure of the UkrSEPRO certification system were specified. The modern approach to product conformity assessment, introduced in the field of technical regulation, did not destroy certification at all, as incompetent representatives of the mass media imagine it, but endowed it with a different status and place in the conformity assessment system. Furthermore, according to the Law of Ukraine “On Technical Regulations and Conformity Assessment”, the term "certification" is interpreted as "confirmation of conformity by a third party in relation to products, processes, services, systems or personnel." At the same time, in accordance with this law, the term “conformity assessment system” is defined as “rules, procedures and management for carrying out conformity assessment”. Key words: certification system, technical regulations, conformity assessment, certification body, principles, rules, certification procedure.
RESEARCH OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC EFFECT ON THE RAILWAY TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES
Authors:   State Enterprise «Ukrainian Railway Car Building Research Institute», Gladkykh I.V. , Lupitko N.V. ,   State Enterprise «Ukrainian Railway Car Building Research Institute»
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the study of the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the world economy. The impact on industrial production and particularly on machine-building industry of Ukraine is considered. The figures of freight and passenger cars manufactured by plants of Ukraine are given. The issue of importing old-aged freight wagons to the territory of Ukraine, which caused an overbalance of life-expired wagons, was considered. This has become a huge problem at such challenging times for domestic freight wagons manufacturers. The activities aimed at bringing the current technical condition of wagons with expired service life to normative condition, reducing the risks of man-made disasters, increasing the competitiveness of rail transportation and engaging the operators of freight cars in the purchase of new freight wagons manufactured by Ukrainian producers are proposed. The paper presents the results of the impact of quarantine restrictions on railway transport. The data on the drop in railway transportation caused by the pandemic in Ukraine and in the countries of the European Union, and the results of the comparative analysis are given. The volumes of the downfall in the production of freight cars and their reasons are analyzed, suggestions on the overcoming the crisis in machine building industry are defined, which will allow to resume the work of rail transport and related industries. This provides a real vision of the possible course of economic processes that will have an immediate effect on the standards of the social life. Key words: economic crisis, COVID-19, economic recession, industry, machine-building industry, railway transport, railcar-building industry, freight transportation, passenger transportation, EU railways.
METHODS FOR THE SCHEMATIZATION OF THE OPERATIONAL LOADING OF THE FREIGHT CAR
Authors:   State Enterprise «Ukrainian Railway Car Building Research Institute», Safronov О.М. , Khozia P.O. , Vodiannikov Yu.Ya. , Rechkalov V.S. , Orlov O.V.
Published: June 2021

The world trend, recently, is the creation of a high-speed cargo rolling stock for speeds with 160 km / h. In these condition, the durability of the structure of the cargo car are relevant. In the process of movement in the design of the car, voltages occur, variables in time. Under the action of alternating voltages in the design elements, the process of gradual accumulation of damage, leading to the formation of microscopic crack, and then to its development and subsequent sudden destruction - metal fatigue. One of the main properties of the wagon is the ability to withstand operational loads acting on it while maintaining this ability without destruction at all stages of the life cycle. The assessment of the bearing capacity is determined by the results of the undercarriage tests, the purpose of which is the definition and assessment of the reserve coefficient of fatigue resistance of the equivalent reduced amplitude of dy-namic stresses. As a rule, dynamic stresses are random due to the perturbing effect on the side of the rail path on the wheeled pairs, which are also random. Therefore, an important section of the study is the choice of methods for obtaining, processing and analyzing experimental data. Improving the reliability of test results is achieved by applying more advanced recording methods and processing results. To estimate the level of loading of the cargo car, methods are used based on the replacement of a real random process by some schematized process, which in terms of the accumulation of fatigue damage should be equivalent to a real process. Of the variety of schematics methods, two methods are distinguished - the method of complete cycles and the rain method, which most fully reflect the real process. The advantage of the "rain" method is the ability to process the process in real time. However, the algorithm of the "rain" method is quite complicated and does not allow processing large amounts of information. In this regard, the method of maximum discharges was proposed, which is a type of full cycles method and allows you to process an unlimited amount of information online. The schematic process is divided into classes - voltage amplitudes values. Depending on the distribution of voltage amplitudes in classes, the frequency (probability) of amplitude in the class is established. The reduced amplitude of the dynamic voltage is defined as the amount of products of the likelihood of entering each class on the average magnitude of the voltage amplitude in the class. Key words: cargo car, process, dynamic, voltage, amplitude.
THE ALGORITHM FOR DETERMINING EQUIVALENT STRESSES IN THE CARGO CAR FRAME FROM THE LONGITUDINAL FORCES ACCORDING TO THE RESULTS OF TESTS FOR COLLISION
Authors:   State Enterprise «Ukrainian Railway Car Building Research Institute», Sulym A.O. , Khozia P.O. , Vodiannikov Yu.Ya. , Stolietov S.A. , Fedorak I.I. ,   State Enterprise «Ukrainian Railway Car Building Research Institute»
Published: June 2021

Recently, the global car building has been a tendency to actively work on the creation of innovative cargo cars that meet modern requirements. The main directions of creating innovative cars consist in increasing axial loads and speed of movement. Under these conditions, issues of strength and reliability of wagons design are becoming relevant, the ability to withstand operational loads for the entire service life. The most damaging are shock loads arising from the dissolution of cars from the sorting slodder, the production of maneuver work, when braking, the sedimentation of the train, etc. Dynamic drum tests of cargo wagons under which the longitudinal shock forces are applied to the car frame via the motor armor, to determine the dynamic stresses and their distribution in the elements of the frame and body of the wagon, the maximum permissible value of the longitudinal force at which the rim or body of the wagon may occur. Impact tests can be carried out with a single car, which hits a group of inhibited loaded wagons, standing on a direct horizontal section of the railway track, or in which the loaded car battlefield is hung at different collisions. At the same time, the establishment of the strength of the frame of the wagon with longitudinal loads at maximum stresses, with modern requirements, is insufficient. Therefore, the main task of percussion tests is to determine the carrier capacity of the carriage for the entire service life. In this regard, the purpose of percussion tests is to determine the equivalent reduced amplitude of the strain from the action of the longitudinal forces arising in operation for the entire service life of the car, which makes it possible to estimate the safety reserve coefficient. An important stage of research is the automation of testing, which allows minimizing the number of errors caused by the human factor, increase the accuracy of calculations and reduce the time for testing. Key words: longitudinal forces, scheme, algorithm, strain, amplitude, impact force.
HIGH SPEED FREIGHT TRAIN FOR TRANSPORTATION OF CONTAINERS AT SPEED OF 200 KM/H
Authors:   State Enterprise «Ukrainian Railway Car Building Research Institute», Safronov О.М. , Sulim A.O. , Vodiannikov Yu.Ya. ,   State Enterprise «Ukrainian Railway Car Building Research Institute», Маkeieva O.G.
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to building of freight trains for transportation of containers with railway transport at speed of 200 km/h. The article considers building experience of the high speed freight trains for transportation of containers at speed of 350 km/h. Main technical characteristics of the rolling stock, involved in freight high speed railway transportation in foreign countries are analyzed. The purpose of the article is to discover design features of the rolling stock for freight transportations at speed of 200 km/h and in modeling of the braking processes during electro pneumatic and pneumatic braking of the rolling stock from speed of 200 km/h to 160 km/h. The concept of the rolling stock for high speed freight transportation of containers is proposed. A specialized platform with bogies, disc brake and air-spring suspension Installed on it is used as a rolling stock. A brief description of the brake system is given; its main features are shown. A pneumatic scheme of the container block of the braking equipment and the general view of container block is given. Classified freight train, which consists of 30 platform cars and has two locomotives on each side is proposed for high speed transportation. Brake distance during electro pneumatic and pneumatic braking at freight train speed of 160 km/h is calculated. The results of calculated studies of the trains braking efficiency are given, which showed that at the speed of the freight train of 200 km/h, the brake distances at electro pneumatic and pneumatic braking are represented by 1472 m and 1571 m respectively, which corresponds to the technical requirements of the European Union TSI. Key words: high-speed freight trains, container, speed, brake distance, disc brakes.