bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Personal Characteristics on Spatial Perception in BIM-Based Virtual Environments: Age, Gender, Education, and Gaming Experience
Authors: Ji Bongjun , Kang Julian , Kim Chaehyeon , Kim Sojung , Song Yooseob , Yeon Jaeheum
Published: August 2023

In the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry, virtual environments are being utilized to enhance communication among stakeholders and improve visual comprehension. However, stakeholders possess diverse personal characteristics which can affect their spatial recognition ability in virtual spaces. Despite the potential impact of these individual traits, related research still needs to be more comprehensive. Therefore, this study analyzed how each individual’s characteristics influence spatial recognition in a Building Information Model (BIM)-based virtual environment. A quantitative methodology via a survey was employed to investigate the influence of personal factors such as age, gender, education level, and gaming experience on spatial recognition. In a 3D virtual corridor using BIM software, 76 participants were asked to navigate the corridor using a controller and count 23 sprinklers. Of the 76 participants, 30 responses were selected for the statistical analysis. The results demonstrate that age, gender, and education level did not significantly affect spatial recognition in the virtual environment. Conversely, participants with gaming experience tended to perceive spaces in the virtual environment more accurately and realistically, showing a statistically significant difference. This outcome suggests that gaming experience is crucial in enhancing spatial recognition ability in virtual environments. The findings from this study offer critical insights into the impact of individual characteristics on spatial recognition, providing valuable information for the future practical use of BIM-based virtual environments, and can subsequently assist in discovering efficient communication methods among stakeholders.
Experimental Study and Finite Element Modelling of Squat Shear Walls under Combined Cyclic Loads and High Axial Loads
Authors: Jin Chenhua , Su Yanli , Pan Zuanfeng , Meng Shaoping
Published: August 2023

Experimental observations on three reinforced concrete shear walls with small shear span-to-depth ratio (SDR) under combined high vertical axial load and horizontal cyclic loads are presented. The influence of high axial load ratio (ALR) on the failure mode, hysteretic behaviour, displacement ductility, shear strength and stiffness of the squat shear walls is investigated. In addition, a novel built-in strain gauges measuring system is employed for measuring the strain conditions in the reinforcements during the whole test process. Test results indicate that high axial load restrains the development of cracks and improves the shear load capacity, but that it also decreases ductility and energy dissipation and aggravates stiffness degradation. Concrete crush and out-of-plane buckling were observed in all specimens, resulting in the final failure of the specimens. According to the strain analysis, the section of the squat walls coincided well with the assumption of plane section under the condition of high ALR. With the increase of ALR, the depth of the compression zone of members increases, while the length of plastic hinge decreases. When the axial load is relatively small, the vertical and horizontal reinforcements provided almost equal contribution to the shear capacity of squat shear walls. However, under extremely high axial load, both vertical and horizontal reinforcements cannot provide full contribution to the shear capacity. The hysteretic behaviours of the tested shear walls were simulated by a cyclic softened membrane model (CSMM). Simulation results indicate that CSMM captured well the nonlinear characteristics of the squat shear wall under high axial load.
Seismic Fragility Analysis of Existing RC Frame Structures Strengthened with the External Self-Centering Substructure
Authors: Liu Weiheng , Zhang Jianwei , Liu Hang , Wang Fei , Liu Juan , Han Mingjie
Published: August 2023

Based on a practical engineering case of seismic strengthening, this paper used the enlarging cross-section method and an external self-centering substructure to improve the seismic performance and seismic resilience of existing frame structures. Among them, the external self-centering substructure included setting a self-centering precast beam and diagonal braces. Utilizing the OpenSees finite element platform, a seismic fragility analysis was carried out to compare the improvements in seismic performance and seismic resilience before and after strengthening. The analysis results show that the proposed modelling method could be simulated satisfactorily. The maximum inter-story drift and the residual inter-story drift of the strengthened frame structures decreased significantly under the same peak ground acceleration. The peak ground acceleration of the strengthened frame structures significantly increased under different performance levels. Additionally, the exceedance probability of the strengthened frame structures was obviously reduced, which reflected that the seismic performance and seismic resilience of the strengthened frame structures were significantly improved.
Highly Efficient RGO-Supported Pd Catalyst for Low Temperature Hydrocarbon Oxidation
Authors: Velinova Ralitsa , Naydenov Anton , Kichukova Diana , Tumbalev Ventsislav , Atanasova Genoveva , Kovacheva Daniela , Spassova Ivanka
Published: August 2023

The work presents Pd-containing catalysts for practical application with enhanced low-temperature activity in the complete oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using innovative combinations of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and alumina. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, low-temperature N2-adsorption, and CO chemisorption. The tests on complete catalytic oxidation of different VOC (propane, butane, hexane, dimethyl ether, toluene, propylene) and CO were carried out. The reaction kinetics and the mechanism of the reaction of complete oxidation of toluene are being investigated in detail. The results show that the new catalyst design makes it able to completely oxidize the studied VOCs and CO at low temperatures (100–350 °C) with long-term stability. Using a variety of instrumental methods, it was established that for high activity and long-term stability, the optimal ratio Pd/PdO should be close to 1:1. The most probable mechanism of complete toluene oxidation is the mechanism of Langmuir–Hinshelwood. The high activity and the weak effect of water on the catalyst performance leads to further perspectives for the application of the currently developed approach for the preparation of large-scale monolithic catalytic systems for air pollution control.
Efficient Regioselective Synthesis of Novel Ensembles of Organylselanyl-Functionalized Divinyl Sulfides and 1,3-Thiaselenoles under Phase Transfer Catalysis Conditions
Authors: Filippov Andrey S. , Amosova Svetlana V. , Makhaeva Nataliya A. , Albanov Alexander I. , Potapov Vladimir A.
Published: August 2023

Efficient regioselective synthesis of novel ensembles of organylselanyl-functionalized 1,3-thiaselenoles and divinyl sulfides in high yields under phase transfer catalysis conditions was developed. The methodology is based on the generation of sodium [(Z)-2-(vinylsulfanyl)ethenyl]selenolate and 1,3-thiaselenol-2-ylmethylselenolate, which were involved in a nucleophilic addition reaction with activated alkenes such as acrylonitrile, acrylamide, methyl vinyl ketone, methyl, and ethyl acrylates. In the case of methyl vinyl ketone, the reaction was accompanied by the hydrogenation of the carbonyl group. Methylene chloride was involved in the nucleophilic substitution reaction with sodium [(Z)-2-(vinylsulfanyl)ethenyl]selenolate and 1,3-thiaselenol-2-ylmethylselenolate to afford new polyunsaturated compounds with several sulfur and selenium atoms.
Engineering of Substrate Tunnel of P450 CYP116B3 though Machine Learning
Authors: Liu Yiheng , Li Zhongyu , Cao Chenqi , Zhang Xianzhi , Meng Shuaiqi , Davari Mehdi D. , Xu Haijun , Ji Yu , Schwaneberg Ulrich , Liu Luo
Published: August 2023

The combinatorial complexity of the protein sequence space presents a significant challenge for recombination experiments targeting beneficial positions. To overcome these difficulties, a machine learning (ML) approach was employed, which was trained on a limited literature dataset and combined with iterative generation and experimental data implementation. The PyPEF method was utilized to identify existing variants and predict recombinant variants targeting the substrate channel of P450 CYP116B3. Through molecular dynamics simulations, eight multiple-substituted improved variants were successfully validated. Specifically, the RMSF of variant A86T/T91H/M108S/A109M/T111P was decreased from 3.06 Å (wild type) to 1.07 Å. Additionally, the average RMSF of the variant A86T/T91P/M108V/A109M/T111P decreased to 1.41 Å, compared to the wild type’s 1.53 Å. Of particular significance was the prediction that the variant A86T/T91H/M108G/A109M/T111P exhibited an activity approximately 15 times higher than that of the wild type. Furthermore, during the selection of the regression model, PLS and MLP regressions were compared. The effect of data size and data relevance on the two regression approaches has been summarized. The aforementioned conclusions provide evidence for the feasibility of the strategy that combines ML with experimental approaches. This integrated strategy proves effective in exploring potential variations within the protein sequence space. Furthermore, this method facilitates a deeper understanding of the substrate channel in P450 CYP116B3.
Lacking Immunotherapy Biomarkers for Biliary Tract Cancer: A Comprehensive Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Frega Giorgio , Cossio Fernando P. , Banales Jesus M. , Cardinale Vincenzo , Macias Rocio I. R. , Braconi Chiara , Lamarca Angela
Published: August 2023

Background: Immunotherapy has recently been incorporated into the spectrum of biliary tract cancer (BTC) treatment. The identification of predictive response biomarkers is essential in order to identify those patients who may benefit most from this novel treatment option. Here, we propose a systematic literature review and a meta-analysis of PD-1, PD-L1, and other immune-related biomarker expression levels in patients with BTC. Methods: Prisma guidelines were followed for this systematic review and meta-analysis. Eligible studies were searched on PubMed. Studies published between 2017 and 2022, reporting data on PD-1/PD-L1 expression and other immune-related biomarkers in patients with BTC, were considered eligible. Results: A total of 61 eligible studies were identified. Despite the great heterogeneity between 39 studies reporting data on PD-L1 expression, we found a mean PD-L1 expression percentage (by choosing the lowest cut-off per study) of 25.6% (95% CI 21.0 to 30.3) in BTCs. The mean expression percentages of PD-L1 were 27.3%, 21.3%, and 27.4% in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (iCCAs—15 studies), perihilar–distal CCAs (p/dCCAs—7 studies), and gallbladder cancer (GBC—5 studies), respectively. Furthermore, 4.6% (95% CI 2.38 to 6.97) and 2.5% (95% CI 1.75 to 3.34) of BTCs could be classified as TMB-H and MSI/MMRd tumors, respectively. Conclusion: From our analysis, PD-L1 expression was found to occur approximately in 26% of BTC patients, with minimal differences based on anatomical location. TMB-H and MSI molecular phenotypes occurred less frequently. We still lack a reliable biomarker, especially in patients with mismatch-proficient tumors, and we must need to make an effort to conceive new prospective biomarker discovery studies.
The Adiponectin Receptor Agonist, ALY688: A Promising Therapeutic for Fibrosis in the Dystrophic Muscle
Authors: Dubuisson Nicolas , Versele Romain , Davis-López de Carrizosa Maria A. , Selvais Camille M. , Noel Laurence , Planchon Chloé , Van den Bergh Peter Y. K. , Brichard Sonia M. , Abou-Samra Michel
Published: August 2023

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is one of the most devastating myopathies, where severe inflammation exacerbates disease progression. Previously, we demonstrated that adiponectin (ApN), a hormone with powerful pleiotropic effects, can efficiently improve the dystrophic phenotype. However, its practical therapeutic application is limited. In this study, we investigated ALY688, a small peptide ApN receptor agonist, as a potential novel treatment for DMD. Four-week-old mdx mice were subcutaneously treated for two months with ALY688 and then compared to untreated mdx and wild-type mice. In vivo and ex vivo tests were performed to assess muscle function and pathophysiology. Additionally, in vitro tests were conducted on human DMD myotubes. Our results showed that ALY688 significantly improved the physical performance of mice and exerted potent anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-fibrotic actions on the dystrophic muscle. Additionally, ALY688 hampered myonecrosis, partly mediated by necroptosis, and enhanced the myogenic program. Some of these effects were also recapitulated in human DMD myotubes. ALY688’s protective and beneficial properties were mainly mediated by the AMPK-PGC-1α axis, which led to suppression of NF-κβ and TGF-β. Our results demonstrate that an ApN mimic may be a promising and effective therapeutic prospect for a better management of DMD.
Circulated TGF-β1 and VEGF-A as Biomarkers for Fabry Disease-Associated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ivanova Margarita M. , Dao Julia , Slayeh Omar Abu , Friedman Andrew , Goker-Alpan Ozlem
Published: August 2023

Fabry disease (FD) is a lysosomal disorder caused by α-galactosidase A deficiency, resulting in the accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb-3) and its metabolite globotriaosylsphingosine (Lyso-Gb-3). Cardiovascular complications and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are the most frequent manifestations of FD. While an echocardiogram and cardiac MRI are clinical tools to assess cardiac involvement, hypertrophic pattern variations and fibrosis make it crucial to identify biomarkers to predict early cardiac outcomes. This study aims to investigate potential biomarkers associated with HCM in FD: transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), TGF-β active form (a-TGF-β), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) in 45 patients with FD, categorized into cohorts based on the HCM severity. TGF-β1, a-TGF-β, FGF2, and VEGF-A were elevated in FD. While the association of TGF-β1 with HCM was not gender-related, VEGF was elevated in males with FD and HCM. Female patients with abnormal electrocardiograms but without overt HCM also have elevated TGF-β1. Lyso-Gb3 is correlated with TGF-β1, VEGF-A, and a-TGF-β1. Elevation of TGF-β1 provides evidence of the chronic inflammatory state as a cause of myocardial fibrosis in FD patients; thus, it is a potential marker of early cardiac fibrosis detected even prior to hypertrophy. TGF-β1 and VEGF biomarkers may be prognostic indicators of adverse cardiovascular events in FD.
Porcine Macrophage Markers and Populations: An Update
Authors: Álvarez Belén , Revilla Concepción , Poderoso Teresa , Ezquerra Angel , Domínguez Javier
Published: August 2023

Besides its importance as a livestock species, pig is increasingly being used as an animal model for biomedical research. Macrophages play critical roles in immunity to pathogens, tissue development, homeostasis and tissue repair. These cells are also primary targets for replication of viruses such as African swine fever virus, classical swine fever virus, and porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus, which can cause huge economic losses to the pig industry. In this article, we review the current status of knowledge on porcine macrophages, starting by reviewing the markers available for their phenotypical characterization and following with the characteristics of the main macrophage populations described in different organs, as well as the effect of polarization conditions on their phenotype and function. We will also review available cell lines suitable for studies on the biology of porcine macrophages and their interaction with pathogens.
Tripartite Motif-Containing Protein 32 (TRIM32): What Does It Do for Skeletal Muscle?
Authors: Jeong Seung Yeon , Choi Jun Hee , Kim Jooho , Woo Jin Seok , Lee Eun Hui
Published: August 2023

Tripartite motif-containing protein 32 (TRIM32) is a member of the tripartite motif family and is highly conserved from flies to humans. Via its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, TRIM32 mediates and regulates many physiological and pathophysiological processes, such as growth, differentiation, muscle regeneration, immunity, and carcinogenesis. TRIM32 plays multifunctional roles in the maintenance of skeletal muscle. Genetic variations in the TRIM32 gene are associated with skeletal muscular dystrophies in humans, including limb–girdle muscular dystrophy type 2H (LGMD2H). LGMD2H-causing genetic variations of TRIM32 occur most frequently in the C-terminal NHL (ncl-1, HT2A, and lin-41) repeats of TRIM32. LGMD2H is characterized by skeletal muscle dystrophy, myopathy, and atrophy. Surprisingly, most patients with LGMD2H show minimal or no dysfunction in other tissues or organs, despite the broad expression of TRIM32 in various tissues. This suggests more prominent roles for TRIM32 in skeletal muscle than in other tissues or organs. This review is focused on understanding the physiological roles of TRIM32 in skeletal muscle, the pathophysiological mechanisms mediated by TRIM32 genetic variants in LGMD2H patients, and the correlations between TRIM32 and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).
Simulated Microgravity Exposure Induces Antioxidant Barrier Deregulation and Mitochondria Enlargement in TCam-2 Cell Spheroids
Authors: Berardini Marika , Gesualdi Luisa , Morabito Caterina , Ferranti Francesca , Reale Anna , Zampieri Michele , Karpach Katsiaryna , Tinari Antonella , Bertuccini Lucia , Guarnieri Simone , Catizone Angela , Mariggiò Maria A. , Ricci Giulia
Published: August 2023

One of the hallmarks of microgravity-induced effects in several cellular models is represented by the alteration of oxidative balance with the consequent accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It is well known that male germ cells are sensitive to oxidative stress and to changes in gravitational force, even though published data on germ cell models are scarce. We previously studied the effects of simulated microgravity (s-microgravity) on a 2D cultured TCam-2 seminoma-derived cell line, considered the only human cell line available to study in vitro mitotically active human male germ cells. In this study, we used a corresponding TCam-2 3D cell culture model that mimics cell–cell contacts in organ tissue to test the possible effects induced by s-microgravity exposure. TCam-2 cell spheroids were cultured for 24 h under unitary gravity (Ctr) or s-microgravity conditions, the latter obtained using a random positioning machine (RPM). A significant increase in intracellular ROS and mitochondria superoxide anion levels was observed after RPM exposure. In line with these results, a trend of protein and lipid oxidation increase and increased pCAMKII expression levels were observed after RPM exposure. The ultrastructural analysis via transmission electron microscopy revealed that RPM-exposed mitochondria appeared enlarged and, even if seldom, disrupted. Notably, even the expression of the main enzymes involved in the redox homeostasis appears modulated by RPM exposure in a compensatory way, with GPX1, NCF1, and CYBB being downregulated, whereas NOX4 and HMOX1 are upregulated. Interestingly, HMOX1 is involved in the heme catabolism of mitochondria cytochromes, and therefore the positive modulation of this marker can be associated with the observed mitochondria alteration. Altogether, these data demonstrate TCam-2 spheroid sensitivity to acute s-microgravity exposure and indicate the capability of these cells to trigger compensatory mechanisms that allow them to overcome the exposure to altered gravitational force.
Ethanol Induces Neuroinflammation in a Chronic Plus Binge Mouse Model of Alcohol Use Disorder via TLR4 and MyD88-Dependent Signaling
Authors: Holloway Kalee N. , Douglas James C. , Rafferty Tonya M. , Kane Cynthia J. M. , Drew Paul D.
Published: August 2023

Ethanol induces neuroinflammation, which is believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a group of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) expressed on both immune cells, including microglia and astrocytes, and non-immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS). Studies have shown that alcohol activates TLR4 signaling, resulting in the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the CNS. However, the effect of alcohol on signaling pathways downstream of TLR4, such as MyD88 and TRIF (TICAM) signaling, has not been evaluated extensively. In the current study, we treated male wild-type, TLR4-, MyD88-, and TRIF-deficient mice using a chronic plus binge mouse model of AUD. Evaluation of mRNA expression by qRT-PCR revealed that ethanol increased IL-1β, TNF-α, CCL2, COX2, FosB, and JunB in the cerebellum in wild-type and TRIF-deficient mice, while ethanol generally did not increase the expression of these molecules in TLR4- and MyD88-deficient mice. Furthermore, IRF3, IRF7, and IFN-β1, which are associated with the TRIF-dependent signaling cascade, were largely unaffected by alcohol. Collectively, these results suggest that the TLR4 and downstream MyD88-dependent signaling pathways are essential in ethanol-induced neuroinflammation in this mouse model of AUD.
The Endoplasmic Reticulum Is a Key Battleground between Phytoplasma Aggression and Host Plant Defense
Authors: Inaba Junichi , Kim Bo Min , Zhao Yan , Jansen Andrew M. , Wei Wei
Published: August 2023

Phytoplasmas are intracellular plant pathogens that heavily rely on host cell nutrients for survival and propagation due to their limited ability to synthesize essential substrates. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which plays a vital role in various cellular processes, including lipid and protein biosynthesis, is an attractive target for numerous intracellular pathogens to exploit. This study investigated the impact of potato purple top (PPT) phytoplasma infection on the ER in tomato plants. Abnormal accumulation of ER-resident proteins, disrupted ER network structures, and formation of protein aggregates in the phloem were observed using confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, indicating a phytoplasma-infection-induced disturbance in ER homeostasis. The colocalization of phytoplasmas with the accumulated ER-resident proteins suggests an association between ER stress, unfolded protein response (UPR) induction, and phytoplasma infection and colonization, with the ER stress response likely contributing to the host plant’s defense mechanisms. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed a negative correlation between ER stress/UPR activation and PPT phytoplasma titer, implying the involvement of UPR in curbing phytoplasma proliferation. Inducing ER stress and activating the UPR pathway effectively decreased phytoplasma titer, while suppressing the ER-resident protein, binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) increased phytoplasma titer. These results highlight the ER as an intracellular battleground where phytoplasmas exploit host components for survival and multiplication, while host plants deploy defense mechanisms to counteract the invasion. Understanding the intricate interactions between phytoplasmas and plant hosts at the subcellular level, particularly within the ER, provides valuable insights for developing new strategies to control phytoplasma diseases.
The Microtubule-Targeting Agent Pretubulysin Impairs the Inflammatory Response in Endothelial Cells by a JNK-Dependent Deregulation of the Histone Acetyltransferase Brd4
Authors: Primke Tobias F. , Ingelfinger Rebecca , Elewa Mohammed A. F. , Macinkovic Igor , Weigert Andreas , Fabritius Matthias P. , Reichel Christoph A. , Ullrich Angelika , Kazmaier Uli , Burgers Luisa D. , Fürst Robert
Published: August 2023

The anti-inflammatory effects of depolymerizing microtubule-targeting agents on leukocytes are known for a long time, but the potential involvement of the vascular endothelium and the underlying mechanistic basis is still largely unclear. Using the recently synthesized depolymerizing microtubule-targeting agent pretubulysin, we investigated the anti-inflammatory potential of pretubulysin and other microtubule-targeting agents with respect to the TNF-induced leukocyte adhesion cascade in endothelial cells, to improve our understanding of the underlying biomolecular background. We found that treatment with pretubulysin reduces inflammation in vivo and in vitro via inhibition of the TNF-induced adhesion of leukocytes to the vascular endothelium by down-regulation of the pro-inflammatory cell adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in a JNK-dependent manner. The underlying mechanism includes JNK-induced deregulation and degradation of the histone acetyltransferase Bromodomain-containing protein 4. This study shows that depolymerizing microtubule-targeting agents, in addition to their established effects on leukocytes, also significantly decrease the inflammatory activation of vascular endothelial cells. These effects are not based on altered pro-inflammatory signaling cascades, but require deregulation of the capability of cells to enter constructive transcription for some genes, setting a baseline for further research on the prominent anti-inflammatory effects of depolymerizing microtubule-targeting agents.
The Development of Nonthermal Plasma and Tirapazamine as a Novel Combination Therapy to Treat Melanoma In Situ
Authors: Yehl Matthew , Kucharski Dominik , Eubank Michelle , Gulledge Brandon , Rayan Gamal , Uddin Md Gias , Remmers Genevieve , Kandel Eugene S. , DuFaux Douglas P. , Hutcherson Timothy C. , Sexton Sandra , Zucker Shoshanna N.
Published: August 2023

Although melanoma accounts for only 5.3% of skin cancer, it results in >75% of skin-cancer-related deaths. To avoid disfiguring surgeries on the head and neck associated with surgical excision, there is a clear unmet need for other strategies to selectively remove cutaneous melanoma lesions. Mohs surgery is the current treatment for cutaneous melanoma lesions and squamous and basal cell carcinoma. While Mohs surgery is an effective way to remove melanomas in situ, normal tissue is also excised to achieve histologically negative margins. This paper describes a novel combination therapy of nonthermal plasma (NTP) which emits a multitude of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the injection of a pharmaceutical agent. We have shown that the effects of NTP are augmented by the DNA-damaging prodrug, tirapazamine (TPZ), which becomes a free radical only in conditions of hypoxemia, which is often enhanced in the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we demonstrate the efficacy of the combination therapy through experiments with B16-F10 and 1205 Lu metastatic melanoma cells both in vitro and in vivo. We also show the safety parameters of the therapy with no significant effects of the therapy when applied to porcine skin. We show the need for the intratumor delivery of TPZ in combination with the surface treatment of NTP and present a model of a medical device to deliver this combination therapy. The importance of functional gap junctions is indicated as a mechanism to promote the therapeutic effect. Collectively, the data support a novel therapeutic combination to treat melanoma and the development of a medical device to deliver the treatment in situ.
Quantification of Female Chimeric Cells in the Tonsils of Male Children and Their Determinants
Authors: Dmitrenko Boris , Gatinois Vincent , D’Ottavi Morgana , El Mouatani Ahmed , Bouret Pauline , Debiesse Ségolène , Mondain Michel , Akkari Mohamed , Dallemagne Maxime , Pellestor Franck , Perre Philippe Vande , Molès Jean-Pierre
Published: August 2023

The factors influencing mother-to-child cell trafficking and persistence over children’s lives have yet to be established. The quantification of maternal microchimerism was previously reported through HLA-based approaches, which introduced bias regarding the tolerogenic environment. We aimed to identify cells of maternal origin irrespective of the HLA repertoire and to ascertain the determinants of microchimeric cells. This case–control study enrolled 40 male infants attending pediatric surgery from January 2022 to October 2022. Female cells were quantified in infants’ tonsil tissue by using cytogenetic fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) coupled with optimized automated microscopy. Out of the 40 infants, half (47.4%) had been breastfed for more than one month, a quarter for less a month, and 10 children (26.3%) were never breastfed. XX cells were observed in male tonsils in two-thirds of participants at a median density of 5 cells per 100,000 cells. In univariate analyses, child age was negatively associated with a high female cell density. In exploratory multivariate analyses, previous breastfeeding is a likely determinant of the persistence of these cells in the host, as well as the rank among siblings. Part of the benefit of breastmilk for child health may therefore be driven by breastfeeding-related microchimerism.
The Radiobiological Characterization of Human and Porcine Lens Cells Suggests the Importance of the ATM Kinase in Radiation-Induced Cataractogenesis
Authors: Al-Choboq Joëlle , Mathis Thibaud , Restier-Verlet Juliette , Sonzogni Laurène , El Nachef Laura , Granzotto Adeline , Bourguignon Michel , Foray Nicolas
Published: August 2023

Studies about radiation-induced human cataractogenesis are generally limited by (1) the poor number of epithelial lens cell lines available (likely because of the difficulties of cell sampling and amplification) and (2) the lack of reliable biomarkers of the radiation-induced aging process. We have developed a mechanistic model of the individual response to radiation based on the nucleoshuttling of the ATM protein (RIANS). Recently, in the frame of the RIANS model, we have shown that, to respond to permanent endo- and exogenous stress, the ATM protein progressively agglutinates around the nucleus attracted by overexpressed perinuclear ATM-substrate protein. As a result, perinuclear ATM crowns appear to be an interesting biomarker of aging. The radiobiological characterization of the two human epithelial lens cell lines available and the four porcine epithelial lens cell lines that we have established showed delayed RIANS. The BFSP2 protein, found specifically overexpressed around the lens cell nucleus and interacting with ATM, may be a specific ATM-substrate protein facilitating the formation of perinuclear ATM crowns in lens cells. The perinuclear ATM crowns were observed inasmuch as the number of culture passages is high. Interestingly, 2 Gy X-rays lead to the transient disappearance of the perinuclear ATM crowns. Altogether, our findings suggest a strong influence of the ATM protein in radiation-induced cataractogenesis.
Anodic Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Copper Ions in Cell Culture Media: From Transwell® to Organ-on-Chip Systems
Authors: Prontera Carmela Tania , Sciurti Elisa , De Pascali Chiara , Giampetruzzi Lucia , Biscaglia Francesco , Blasi Laura , Esposito Vanessa , Casino Flavio , Siciliano Pietro Aleardo , Francioso Luca Nunzio
Published: August 2023

The integration of sensing devices into cell culture systems is a topic of great interest in the study of pathologies and complex biological mechanisms in real-time. In particular, the fit-for-purpose microfluidic devices called organ-on-chip (OoC), which host living engineered organs that mimic in vivo conditions, benefit greatly from the integration of sensors, enabling the monitoring of specific chemical-physical parameters that can be correlated with biological processes. In this context, copper is an essential trace element whose total concentration may be associated with specific pathologies, and it is therefore important to develop reliable analytical techniques in cell systems. Copper can be determined by using the anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) technique, but its applicability in cell culture media presents several challenges. Therefore, in this work, the performance of ASV in cell culture media was evaluated, and an acidification protocol was tested to improve the voltammetric signal intensity. A Transwell® culture model with Caco-2 cells was used to test the applicability of the developed acidification protocol by performing an off-line measurement. Finally, a microfluidic device was designed in order to perform the acidification of the cell culture medium in an automated manner and then integrated with a silicon microelectrode to perform in situ measurements. The resulting sensor-integrated microfluidic chip could be used to monitor the concentration of copper or other ions concentration in an organ-on-chip model; these functionalities represent a great opportunity for the non-destructive strategic experiments required on biological systems under conditions close to those in vivo.
Study on the Influence Factors of the Dynamic Property of the Polyurethane Mixture with Dense Gradation
Authors: Zhao Haisheng , Cui Shiping , Li Zhen , Wang Shaobin , Wang Lin , Zhang Wensheng , Su Chunhua , Zhang Peiyu , Ma Shijie
Published: August 2023

Similar to the asphalt mixture, the polyurethane (PU) mixture’s performance and characteristics are dependent on many variables. In this study, six variables, including aggregate gradation (limestone and basalt), aggregate type, PU type, PU content, and curing condition, and several parameter analyzing methods were chosen to determine the effect of variables on the dynamic property, rheological property, and rutting resistance of the PU mixture. The limestone aggregate gradation exhibited a substantial effect on the dynamic property, rheological property, and rutting resistance of the PU mixture; the basalt aggregate gradation exhibited significant influence on the dynamic property and rutting resistance, but a moderate effect on the rheological property. The aggregate type could influence the rheological property and rutting resistance. The slow curing speed of the PU binder decreased the dynamic modulus and rutting resistance but did not influence the phase angle. The rise in PU binder content would only improve the PU mixture’s resistance to rutting. The curing condition and color additive had no impact on the PU mixture’s properties. The generalized logistic sigmoidal (GLS) and Christensen Anderson and Marasteanu model (CAM) models could precisely predict the dynamic modulus and phase angle respectively disregarding the PU mixture features. PUM-10/B exhibited the greatest rutting resistance. The findings will aid in comprehending the properties and influencing factors of the PU mixture as well as in designing the desired mixture.
Enhanced Compatibility of Secondary Waste Carbon Fibers through Surface Activation via Nanoceramic Coating in Fiber-Reinforced Cement Mortars
Authors: Sambucci Matteo , Valente Marco , Nouri Seyed Mostafa , Chougan Mehdi , Ghaffar Seyed Hamidreza
Published: August 2023

The utilization of waste fibers in the production of reinforced concrete materials offers several advantages, including reducing environmental strain and socio-economic impacts associated with composite waste, as well as enhancing material performance. This study focuses on the development of cementitious mortars using secondary waste carbon fibers, which are by-products derived from the industrial conversion of recycled fibers into woven/non-woven fabrics. The research primarily addresses the challenge of achieving adequate dispersion of these recycled fibers within the matrix due to their agglomerate-like structure. To address this issue, a deagglomeration treatment employing nanoclay conditioning was developed. The functionalization with nanoclay aimed to promote a more uniform distribution of the reinforcement and enhance compatibility with the cementitious matrix. Various fiber weight percentages (ranging from 0.5 w/w% to 1 w/w% relative to the cement binder) were incorporated into the fiber-reinforced mix designs, both with and without nanoceramic treatment. The influence of the reinforcing fibers and the compatibility effects of nanoclay were investigated through a comprehensive experimental analysis that included mechanical characterization and microstructural investigation. The effectiveness of the nanoceramic conditioning was confirmed by a significant increase in flexural strength performance for the sample incorporating 0.75 w/w% of waste fibers, surpassing 76% compared to the control material and exceeding 100% compared to the fiber-reinforced mortar incorporating unconditioned carbon fibers. Furthermore, the addition of nanoclay-conditioned carbon fibers positively impacted compression strength performance (+13% as the maximum strength increment for the mortar with 0.75 w/w% of secondary waste carbon fibers) and microstructural characteristics of the samples. However, further investigation is required to address challenges related to the engineering properties of these cementitious composites, particularly with respect to impact resistance and durability properties.
Application of a Whey Protein Edible Film Incorporated with Cumin Essential Oil in Cheese Preservation
Authors: Nemati Vaez , Hashempour-Baltork Fataneh , Sadat Gharavi-Nakhjavani Maryam , Feizollahi Ehsan , Marangoni Júnior Luís , Mirza Alizadeh Adel
Published: August 2023

Iranian white cheese has a dynamic microbial load and moisture content of about 50%–60% and a short shelf-life (about 10 days). As a result, this research aimed to prolong the shelf-life of Iranian white cheese using an antimicrobial whey protein concentrate (WPC) edible coating enriched with 1 and 2% of cumin essential oil (CEO). The microbiological (total bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and dairy-related pathogen risk), physicochemical (fat, protein, pH, titratable acidity, moisture, and total solid content), color, texture, organoleptic, and sensorial properties of the cheese samples were assessed during 28 days of storage at 4–5 °C. The integration of the WPC and the CEO reduced the moisture content of the films and improved their durability. The presence of the CEO significantly enhanced the mechanical attributes of the films, i.e., Young’s modulus and tensile strength. Cheese samples coated with WPC containing 1 and 2% CEO maintained the moisture content of the cheese samples, decreased the counts of Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli (EHEC) by 2 log after 28 days of storage. The yeast and mold count decreased from 4.6 log CFU·g−1 to 2.1 and 2 log CFU·g−1. The edible coating did not affect the color or texture of samples during the 28 days of storage. The sensory qualities of all samples were identical, demonstrating that the coating did not influence the curd cheese flavor. This study demonstrated that an edible coating made of WPC with the addition of CEO could effectively improve the shelf-life of Iranian white cheese, contribute to the development of a more sustainable manufacturing process, and increase its functional value.
Diffusion Kinetics Theory of Removal of Assemblies’ Surface Deposits with Flushing Oil
Authors: Vigdorowitsch Michael , Ostrikov Valery V. , Pchelintsev Alexander N. , Pchelintseva Irina Yu.
Published: August 2023

The diffusion kinetics theory of cleaning assemblies such as combustion engines with flushing oil has been introduced. Evolution of tar deposits on the engine surfaces and in the lube system has been described through the erosion dynamics. The time-dependent concentration pattern related to hydrodynamic (sub)layers around the tar deposit has been uncovered. Nonlinear equations explaining the experimentally observed dependences for scouring the contaminants off with the oil have been derived and indicate the power law in time. For reference purposes, a similar analysis based on formal chemical kinetics has been accomplished. Factors and scouring parameters for the favor of either mechanism have been discussed. Any preference for either diffusion or chemical kinetics should be based on a careful selection of washing agents in the flushing oil. Future directions of studies are proposed.
Brain Pathology Classification of MR Images Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Ramaha Nehad T. A. , Mahmood Ruaa M. , Hameed Alaa Ali , Fitriyani Norma Latif , Alfian Ganjar , Syafrudin Muhammad
Published: August 2023

A brain tumor is essentially a collection of aberrant tissues, so it is crucial to classify tumors of the brain using MRI before beginning therapy. Tumor segmentation and classification from brain MRI scans using machine learning techniques are widely recognized as challenging and important tasks. The potential applications of machine learning in diagnostics, preoperative planning, and postoperative evaluations are substantial. Accurate determination of the tumor’s location on a brain MRI is of paramount importance. The advancement of precise machine learning classifiers and other technologies will enable doctors to detect malignancies without requiring invasive procedures on patients. Pre-processing, skull stripping, and tumor segmentation are the steps involved in detecting a brain tumor and measurement (size and form). After a certain period, CNN models get overfitted because of the large number of training images used to train them. That is why this study uses deep CNN to transfer learning. CNN-based Relu architecture and SVM with fused retrieved features via HOG and LPB are used to classify brain MRI tumors (glioma or meningioma). The method’s efficacy is measured in terms of precision, recall, F-measure, and accuracy. This study showed that the accuracy of the SVM with combined LBP with HOG is 97%, and the deep CNN is 98%.
Numerical Simulation and Process Study on Laser Shock Peening of 1Cr18Ni9Ti Material
Authors: Ding Xiangyu , Ma Sijie , Zhang Junlong , Jiang Zonghong , Li Hongliang , Wang Shengchao , Wang Cheng , Zhong Jida
Published: August 2023

This article mainly studies the improvement of the properties of the 1Cr18Ni9Ti material after laser shock peening. The 1Cr18Ni9Ti material is the main material used to make aviation ducts, and improving the fatigue life of aviation ducts can significantly improve the safety performance of aviation engines. The article combines simulation and experiment to study the improvement effect of laser shock peening on the material’s properties. The main results are as follows: The fatigue test showed that, under the same stress load, laser shock peening can greatly extend the fatigue life of the specimen, with the 3J process having the best effect. EBSD analysis showed that the 3J process has the best grain refinement effect. The X-ray diffraction method proved that the measurement results of residual compressive stress under the 3J process are optimal. Overall, it is shown that the properties of the 1Cr18Ni9Ti material can be greatly improved under the 3J process.
SiO2/SiC Nanowire Surfaces as a Candidate Biomaterial for Bone Regeneration
Authors: Ghezzi Benedetta , Attolini Giovanni , Bosi Matteo , Negri Marco , Lagonegro Paola , Rotonda Pasquale M. , Cornelissen Christine , Macaluso Guido Maria , Lumetti Simone
Published: August 2023

Tissue engineering (TE) and nanomedicine require devices with hydrophilic surfaces to better interact with the biological environment. This work presents a study on the wettability of cubic silicon-carbide-based (SiC) surfaces. We developed four cubic silicon-carbide-based epitaxial layers and three nanowire (NW) substrates. Sample morphologies were analyzed, and their wettabilities were quantified before and after a hydrogen plasma treatment to remove impurities due to growth residues and enhance hydrophilicity. Moreover, sample biocompatibility has been assessed with regard to L929 cells. Our results showed that core–shell nanowires (SiO2/SiC NWs), with and without hydrogen plasma treatment, are the most suitable candidate material for biological applications due to their high wettability that is not influenced by specific treatments. Biological tests underlined the non-toxicity of the developed biomaterials with regard to murine fibroblasts, and the proliferation assay highlighted the efficacy of all the surfaces with regard to murine osteoblasts. In conclusion, SiO2/SiC NWs offer a suitable substrate to develop platforms and membranes useful for biomedical applications in tissue engineering due to their peculiar characteristics.
Red and Blue-Black Tin Monoxide, SnO: Pitfalls, Challenges, and Helpful Tools in Crystal Structure Determination of Low-Intensity Datasets from Microcrystals
Authors: Reuter Hans
Published: August 2023

The crystal structures of red and blue-black tin(II) oxide, SnO, have been determined for the first time by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Blue-black SnO crystallizes in the tetragonal space group P4/nmm, representing a layer structure consisting of the square–pyramidally coordinated tin and slightly distorted tetrahedrally coordinated oxygen atoms, in accordance with previous results. In contrast, red SnO crystallizes in the orthorhombic centrosymmetric space group Pbca rather than in the non-centrosymmetric space group Cmc21, as assumed for a long time. Its layer structure consists of very regular, trigonal–pyramidally coordinated tin atoms as well as trigonal–planar coordinated oxygen atoms. Special care was taken on space group determination, including lattice centering. C-centering could be excluded because of systematic absence violations detected when collecting and processing a primitive triclinic dataset and by generating precession images. In the absence of meaningful extinction conditions resulting from the very small crystal under examination, the structure was initially solved and refined in the triclinic space group P1. Subsequently, the observed atom coordinates were used to reconstruct the actual symmetry skeleton. The various possibilities to identify the correct space group starting from the triclinic solution are demonstrated, and the unique structural features of the crystal structure are visualized.
Research on Microstructure, Synthesis Mechanisms, and Residual Stress Evolution of Polycrystalline Diamond Compacts
Authors: Ni Peishen , Chen Yongxuan , Yang Wenxin , Hu Zijian , Deng Xin
Published: August 2023

The microstructure and residual stress of polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) play crucial roles in the performance of PDCs. Currently, in-depth research is still to be desired on the evolution mechanisms of microstructure and residual stress during high pressure high temperature (HPHT) synthesis process of PDCs. This study systematically investigated the influencing mechanisms of polycrystalline diamond (PCD) layer material design, especially the Co content of the PCD layer, on microstructure and residual stress evolution in PDCs via Raman spectroscopy and finite element micromechanical simulation. The research shows that when the original Co content of the PCD layer is higher than 15 wt.%, the extra Co in the PCD layer will migrate backwards towards the carbide substrate and form Co-enrichment regions at the PCD–carbide substrate interface. As the original Co content of the PCD layer increases from 13 to 20 wt.%, the residual compressive stress of diamond phase at the upper surface center of the PCD layer gradually decreases and transforms into tensile stress. When the original Co content of the PCD layer is as high as 30 wt.%, the residual stress transforms back into significant compressive stress again. The microstructure-based micromechanical simulation at the PCD–carbide substrate interface shows that the Co-enrichment region is the key for the transformation of the residual stress of the diamond phase from tensile stress into significant compressive stress.