bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extraction of Bioactive Compounds in Wild Bilberry (Vaccinium Myrtillus L.) in The Eastern Black Sea Region With Different Techniques
Authors: ALTIOK Evren , KACMAZ Sibel , ALTIOK Duygu
Published: June 2022

Classical solvent extraction (CSE), solvent maceration (SM), ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave assisted extraction (MAE) techniques were applied for the extraction of bioactive compounds of wild bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) fruit collected from the Eastern Black Sea Region in Turkey. Among these techniques, MAE is the most prominent in terms of total phenolics, total flavonoids and total anthocyanins yield in the extract. Total phenolics, total anthocyanin and total flavonoid content in MAE extract were determined as 1035 gallic acid/100 g fresh bilberry weight (fw), 963.16 mg cyanidin 3-glucoside equivalents/100 g fw and 150.21 mg quercetin equivalent/100 g fw, respectively. Seven different anthocyanin compounds were identified in bilberry extracts. The effect of extraction techniques on the anthocyanin’s distribution was revealed. Accordingly, malvidin-3-O-glucoside was found to be the most dominant anthocyanin in wild bilberry fruit.
Pentilentetrazol ile Oluşturulan Akut Nöbet Modelinde Diazepamın Nitrik Oksit Sentaz ve Beyin Kaynaklı Nörotrofik Faktör Üzerine Etkisinin Araştırılması
Authors: ŞAHİN Bilal , GÜNEŞ Handan
Published: June 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı, sıçanlarda pentilentetrazol (PTZ) ile oluşturulan nöbetlerde diazepamın antikonvulzif etkinliğinde nitrik oksit sentaz (NOS) ve beyin kaynaklı nörotrofik faktör (BDNF) üzerine etkisini araştırmaktır. Çalışmada 24 adet erkek Wistar Albino sıçan kullanılmıştır. Sıçanlar kontrol grubu, salin (1 mL kg-1) + PTZ, diazepam (0,5 mg kg-1) + PTZ ve diazepam (2 mg kg-1)+PTZ grubu olarak 4 gruba ayrılmıştır (n=6). İntraperitoneal ilaç uygulamalarından 24 saat sonra biyokimyasal incelemeler için tüm sıçanların beyin dokuları çıkarılıp, korteks ve hipokampüs bölgeleri ayrılmıştır. Korteks ve hipokampüsteki NOS ve BDNF düzeyleri enzim bağlı immünosorbent analizi (ELISA) kitleri kullanılarak ölçülmüştür. Diazepam, salin+PTZ uygulanan grubuna göre istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir şekilde nöbet evresini azalttı ve ilk miyoklonik jerk (İMJ) süresini uzattı (p<0.001). Salin+PTZ, kontrol grubuna kıyasla hipokampüste NOS seviyelerini anlamlı olarak azalttı (p<0.05). Bununla birlikte diazepam+PTZ grupları, salin+PTZ grubuyla karşılaştırıldığında hipokampal NOS seviyesini anlamlı olarak artırdı (p<0.001). Ayrıca,salin+PTZ grubu kontrolle karşılaştırıldığında korteks ve hipokampüste BDNF seviyesini artırırken (p<0.05), diazepam+PTZ uygulanan gruplarda BDNF seviyesi salin+PTZ grubuna kıyasla düşüktü (p<0.001). Diazepam hipokampüste NOS seviyesini artırmış, korteks ve hipokampüste ise BDNF seviyelerini düşürmüştür. Sonuç olarak, diazepamın NOS ve BDNF üzerine regülatif etkisi antikonvulsif etkisiyle ilişkili olabilir.
Determination of Nutritive Value and In Vitro Gas Production of Some Triticale Varieties.
Authors: KURT Özer
Published: June 2022

The aim of this study to determine the chemical composition, in vitro total gas production (TG), metabolisable energy (ME) and organic matter digestibility (OMD) of grains belonging to different triticale varieties. Crude ash (CA) contents of varieties range from 2.05 to 2.30%, ether extract (EE) contents of the varieties is range of 1.82%-3.00%, crude protein (CP) content of varieties between 9.44 and 13.25%, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents of were range of 2.51-4.50% and 15.15-17.65%, respectively. In vitro total gas production of varieties was between 57.59 and 62.51, ME and OMD also between 11.69-12.55 Mj kg-1 DM and 78.06-82.24%, respectively. While Bera and Tatlıcak 97 leap out in terms of ME, Bera variety leap out in terms of OMD. Effects of varieties on chemical composition, in vitro TG, ME and OMD of triticale grains were found to be significant (P<0.05). According to chemical composition and fermentation parameters, Bera variety, has high values in terms of CP, ME and OMD can be recommended for grain production.
Detecting of Circular Knitting Fabric Defects Using VGG16 Architecture
Authors: HANBAY Kazım
Published: June 2022

Although the conventional image processing methods can detect fabric defects, fabric defect detection is an open research problem due to the diversity of defect types. In this paper, the feasibility of VGG16 deep learning architecture for fabric defect detection has been demonstrated. A new fabric defect database is used. The pre-trained model of VGG16 architecture on the new database is built. Thus, the training time of the model is reduced. The experimental results show that the VGG16 model outperforms the traditional Shearlet transform and GLCM methods.
Keratin Isolation Methods From Waste Goose Feather: An Effective Comparison
Authors: ÇAKMAK Emel
Published: June 2022

Keratin is a fibrous, structured protein that constitutes the basis of different structures such as nails, hair, beak, wool, feathers, claws, and horns. Until now, keratin isolation has been carried out from waste wool, feather, hoof and hair. However, the development of effective techniques to obtain keratin without any damage to the secondary structure of the protein remains a challenging task. Here in, two distinct keratin isolation methods (Na2S and EDTA) were compared for the first time from Domestic Goose (Anser domesticus) feathers. Kjeldahl method was used for the determination of crude protein from the obtained keratin powders by two methods, and antioxidant activity of keratin powders was conducted. Our findings suggest that Na2S method displayed the best keratin yield (86.34%) from goose feather; however, antioxidant activity of EDTA method was nearly three times higher than Na2S method, which could be taking into consideration as a potential keratin source for future studies.
R(3,1) Semi-Riemannian Uzayda 2-Cob Üreteç Kobordizm Örnekleri
Authors: İNCESU Muhsin , IŞIK Sara
Published: June 2022

Duggal ve Bejancu 1996 da yayınladıkları kitapta bir semi-Riemannian manifoldda lightlike (null) alt uzayın varlığını gösterdiler ve alt manifoldların geometrisi için ihtiyaç duyulan önemli bir boşluğu doldurdular. Semi-Riemannian manifoldlar için unireglelik, kodaira boyutu gibi birasyonel invaryantların yanında maximum lineer bağımsız lightlike vektörlerin sayıları olan k(U) değerlerinin de bir birasyonel invaryant olduğu vurgıulanarak R31 Semi-Riemannian Uzayda 2-Cob Üreteç kobordizmlere örnekler verilmiş, bunların kodaira boyutları ve k(U) invaryantları ifade edilmiştir.
Drafting Jane Eyre: Charlotte Brontë at the Circulating Library
Authors: Craig Lydia
Published: June 2022

With recent digital advancements, it is increasingly possible to question Charlotte Brontë’s 1850 account of the instinctive process by which she and her sisters wrote their way into the British literary canon by exploring popular Georgian and early Victorian fiction for textual similarities to the 1847 novels. After being advised by publishers to consider readerly tastes catered to by British circulating libraries, Charlotte Brontë could consult such works at Haworth or Manchester-area circulating libraries while drafting her successful novel Jane Eyre (1847). Though, as the Victorian era approached, genres such as the silver fork novel were framed as inferior, largely intended by librarians for female reading, their undeniable popularity influenced publishing trends between 1825 and 1841 and afterwards remained a financial force at the circulating library despite attracting critical satire. Two anonymously published silver fork novels, The Coquette (1834) by Frederick Mansel Reynolds and The M.D.’s Daughter (1842) by Lady Harriet Anne Scott contain scenes and dialogue that appear to have been adapted by Charlotte to enliven the plot of Jane Eyre and ensure its publication, perhaps justifying George Henry Lewes’ sagacious 1847 criticism of this English novel as evoking “the circulating library.”
Development of the venture market in the Republic of Kazakhstan: problems and priorities
Authors: Kazbekova L. A. , Shainurov A. S. , Kultanova N. B.
Published: June 2022

The relevance of research on venture capital financing in developing countries, which includes Kazakhstan, is due to the acute demand for risk investments for the implementation of the innovation potential of developing countries against the background of an underdeveloped degree of venture capital financing institutions. The aim of the work is to identify barriers to the development of the venture capital market in Kazakhstan and to determine the priorities for its further development. In the work were applied methods of analysis and synthesis, inductive method, the method of SWOT-analysis. The information base of the study consisted of scientific papers on venture capital financing, published in foreign-refereed journals and domestic publications, as well as publications of the OECD and the WEF, materials of JSC “QazTech Ventures”. As part of the study the theoretical aspects of the formation of venture capital and analyzed the works of interest in the context of the study. The analysis of the state of the venture capital market in Kazakhstan, showing the strengths and weaknesses of the venture capital market, identifying internal and external factors affecting the functioning of the venture capital market in Kazakhstan, as well as showing the threats and opportunities for development. Particular attention in the article is paid to issues of state intervention in the sphere of regulation and stimulation of development of the venture capital market. In particular, the aspects that distinguish the role of the state and the private sector in the development of venture capital financing were identified. On the basis of the study the priorities for the development of the venture capital market in Kazakhstan in modern conditions were identified. The practical significance of the results of the study is determined by their focus on improving the venture capital institution of the country. The results of the study can be applied in the process of determining the directions of public policy in the sphere of venture capital financing.
State regulation of budget investments in the framework of project financing
Authors: Baymakhanov E. S. , Dadabayeva D. M. , Sissenova A. T. , Khamitova D. M.
Published: June 2022

The importance and relevance of the issue of the effective participation of state authorities in the interbudgetary process, the improvement of the mechanism of interbudgetary relations under the influence of the trend of transformation of state power both vertically and horizontally. The pragmatic side is that the issues of improving the methods of managing budgets and, accordingly, finances are among the most important elements of managing a country, a region, since the problems of the interbudgetary process are so great that it is still impossible to talk about the completion of the formation of an integral system for managing budget flows. In practice, there is insufficient validity of budget indicators, in connection with which recent years have become a period of exacerbation of interbudgetary relations, manifested in increased subjectivism, incomplete and untimely execution of budgets at different levels. One of the reasons for this situation is the sharp disproportions between spending commitments concentrated at the republican and local levels, on the one hand, and available revenue sources, on the other. The purpose of the study is territorial budgets, especially local ones, poorly provided with their own revenue sources, adequate to their spending obligations. This problem is seen as especially acute in the context of the ongoing crisis in the public sector, when there is a decrease in budget revenues, an increase in their debt burden and dependence on higher financial assistance, and a number of other negative consequences. The role of interbudgetary relations in these conditions is especially high. Therefore, the assessment and classification of factors influencing the regulation of interbudgetary relations will allow for the improvement of interbudgetary regulation and its tools.
Enigma of Sirius B: searching for real answers
Authors: Alshanov R. A.
Published: June 2022

There is a hot discussion about the possibility of the explosion of Sirius B as a supernova in science. Astrophysicists' opinions on the possibility of supernova explosions at Sirius B during the last 50 thousand years are various. Some believe that such a thing is impossible, others point out that there is no explainable answer. Others are philosophically perplexed: “everything is possible in the cosmos”. The purpose of this article is to analyze the batch of coincidences of cataclysms, which make up the content of terrestrial catastrophes in the period from 50 thousand years ago to 5 thousand years ago. Grouping of these extraordinary events reveals at least 9 temporal coincidences, which are not random. Sequence of cataclysms shows their definite interrelation. The main question is about their source. Scientists have established that only supernova explosions can be the cause. However, so far it is not possible to identify which of 231 near-Earth supernovae may be the direct source. The question about the nature of the shock wave remains debatable. The nature and peculiarities of the collisions are not fully determined. Summarizing the conducted studies, the author proposes to continue the search for both cosmic causes and traces on the Earth. These studies should be comprehensive and systematic.
ԵՐԵԽԱՅԻ ԲՆԱԿՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՎԱՅՐԻ ՀԱՍԿԱՑՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ
Authors: Զարգարյան Հայարփի
Published: June 2022

Երեխայի ազատ տեղաշարժի իրավունքի համատեքստում իրացվում է երեխայի բնակության վայրի իրավունքը, որը, որպես ինքնուրույն իրավունք, բայց նաև որպես ազատ տեղաշարժի իրավունքի բաղկացուցիչ մաս, պետք է սահմանվի և ամրագրվի օրենքով:

Ներքին իրավական ակտերի ուսումնասիրությունը ցույց է տալիս, որ դրանք չեն տալիս անձի «բնակության վայր» հասկացության սահմանում:

Այն ամրագրված չէ Հայաստանի Հանրապետության օրենսդրությամբ, և նախադեպային իրավունքի ուսումնասիրությունը ցույց է տալիս, որ «երեխայի բնակության վայր» արտահայտությունը ամբողջությամբ  բացահայտված չէ:

Այս հոդվածով առաջարկվում է լրացում կատարել «Երեխայի իրավունքների մասին» ՀՀ օրենքում, այն է`«Երեխայի հիմնարար իրավունքները`դրանց երաշխիքները» II գլուխը լրացնել «Երեխայի բնակության վայրը» առանձին հոդվածով:
ԱՌԵՎՏՐԱՅԻՆ ԳԱՂՏՆԻՔԻ ՆԿԱՏՄԱՄԲ ԻՐԱՎՈՒՆՔԻ ՓՈԽԱՆՑՄԱՆ ՈՐՈՇ ԱՌԱՆՁՆԱՀԱՏԿՈՒԹՅՈՒՆՆԵՐ
Authors: Հայրապետյան Արուս
Published: June 2022

Հոդվածը քննարկում է առեւտրային գաղտնիքի տնօրինման ամենատարածված եղանակը՝ առեւտրային գաղտնիքի փոխանցումը եւ վերջինիս եղանակները: Որպես առևտրային գաղտնիքի փոխանցման ամենատարածված եղանակ առավել մանրամասն քննարկվում է  առևտրային գաղտնիքի փոխանցումը պայմանագրի միջոցով:            Բացահայտվում է վերջինիս բնույթը, քննարկման առարկա են դառնում առևտրային գաղտնիքի փոխանցման վերաբերյալ պայմանագրի եւ լիցենզային պայմանագրի հարաբերակցության հարցերը, եւ արդյունքում առաջարկվում է ՀՀ քաղաքացիական օրենսգրքում որպես առևտրային գաղտնիքի փոխանցման պայմանագիր նախատեսել ոչ թե լիցենզային պայմանագիրը, այլ այնպիսի պայմանագիր, որը հենց նվիրված կլինի առևտրային գաղտնիքի փոխանցմանը եւ կարտացոլի վերջինիս էությունն ու առանձնահատկությունները: Այդ պայմանագիրը առաջարկվում է անվանել հենց առեւտրային գաղտնիքի փոխանցման պայմանագիր:
Հաշվի առնելով ներկայացված նկատառումները՝ ՀՀ քաղաքացիական օրենսգրքի 1166-րդ հոդվածը առաջարկվում է շարադրել նոր խմբագրությամբ՝ տալով նրան <<Առևտրային գաղտնիքի փոխանցման պայմանագիրը>> վերտառությունը եւ նվիրելով վերջինիս համապարփակ կարգավորմանը. հոդվածի առաջարկվող բովանդակությունը եւս շարադրված է:
 Բացի այդ հոդվածում ներկայացված են նաեւ հեղինակի կողմից սահմանված առևարային գաղտնիքի փոխանցման պայմանագրի հատկանիշները, տարրերը և վերջինիս որոշ այլ առանձնահատկություններ:
ՀԱՅՑԱՅԻՆ ՎԱՂԵՄՈՒԹՅԱՆ ԺԱՄԿԵՏԻ ԸՆԴՀԱՏՈՒՄԸ՝ ՊԱՐՏՔԻ ՃԱՆԱՉՈՒՄԸ ՎԿԱՅՈՂ ԳՈՐԾՈՂՈՒԹՅՈՒՆՆԵՐ ԿԱՏԱՐԵԼՈՎ
Authors: Գաբուզյան Քրիստինե
Published: June 2022

Սույն հոդվածում քննարկվում է հայցային վաղեմության ժամկետի ընդհատումը պարտքի ճանաչումը վկայող գործողությունների կատարմամբ: Քննարկվում են այն հիմնական չափանիշները, որոնց պետք է բավարարի այս կամ այն գործողությունը որպես պարտքի ճանաչում որակվելու համար և որոնց բացակայությունը գործնական խնդիրների մեծ ռիսկեր է պարունակում: Այս տեսանկյունից կարևորվում է պարտքի ճանաչման, մասնավորապես՝ դրա բնույթի, բովանդակության վերաբերյալ հստակությունն ու հետագայում պարտավորությունը կատարելու կամքի արտահայտումը:
Բացի այդ, քաղաքացիական շրջանառությունը դյուրինացնելու, ինչպես նաև պարտապանի մոտ ձևավորված ակնկալիքների պաշտպանությունն ապահովելու նպատակով առաջարկվում է նախատեսել նաև հայցային վաղեմության ժամկետը լրանալուց հետո կատարված պարտքի ճանաչմամբ հայցային վաղեմության ժամկետի հոսքը նորից սկսելու կառուցակարգ:
ՆՈՐՄԱՍՏԵՂԾՄԱՆ ԼԵԳԻՏԻՄՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՍՈՑԻԱԼԱԿԱՆ ՊԱՅՄԱՆՆԵՐԸ
Authors: Մարտիրոսյան Հայկ
Published: June 2022

Հոդվածում ուսումնասիրվում են նորմաստեղծման գործընթացում լեգիտիմության ապահովման սոցիալական պայմանները, ինչպես նաև դրա արդյունքների գնահատման գործընթացը։ Հայաստանի Հանրապետությունում այս ոլորտը պատշաճ ուշադրության չի արժաանացել, այդ պատճառով պրակտիկայում նկատվում են բավականին ճեղքեր։ Ուսումնասիրության առաջնային խնդիրը իրավական նորմերի որակի բարելավմանն ուղղված առաջարկներ կատարելն է։
ՀԱՄԱՉԱՓՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՍԿԶԲՈՒՆՔ
Authors: Հովհաննիսյան Գոռ
Published: June 2022

Համաչափության սկզբունքի ստուգումը հանրային-իրավական վեճերի մեծ մասում պարտադիր է։ Այդ պատճառով այն պարտադիր է նաև իրավաբանական խնդիրներ լուծելիս։ Ինչպես պրակտիկայում, այնպես էլ խնդիրներ լուծելիս պետք է մանրակրկիտ վեր հանել գործի փաստական հանգամանքները և լավ փաստարկված ձևով օգտագործել դրանք։ Ու սա և՛ դատավորների, և՛ ուսանողների համար մեծ բարդություն է։ Նրանք փաստարկները պատմվածքի նման շարում են իրար հետևից ու վեճերը լուծում են «աչքաչափով»։

Համաչափության սկզբունքի ճիշտ ստուգումը սովորելը կարևոր է, այսպիսով, վարչաիրավական և սահմանադրաիրավական (հիմնական իրավունքների վերաբերյալ) վեճեր (խնդիրներ) լուծելու համար։ Ընդ որում, կարևոր է ոչ միայն անգիր սովորել ստուգման հաջորդական քայլերը, այլ նաև իսկապես հասկանալ դրանց պահանջները։ Ուսանողները խնդիրների լուծման այս հատվածում կարող են ցուցադրել իրենց մտածելու և տրամաբանելու կարողությունը, ինչպես նաև, օրինակ, այլընտրանքներ փնտրելիս՝ իրենց հնարամտությունը և պրակտիկ ըմբռնումը։ Բացի այդ, պետք է իմանալ, որ համաչափության սկզբունքի ստուգումը տարբերվում է՝ կախված նրանից, թե ստուգվում են իրավանորմերը (օրենսդրական ակտերը), թե դրանց կիրառումը (օրինակ՝ հանրային կառավարման մարմինների կողմից)։
From Bolam-Bolitho to Modified-Montgomery – A Paradigm Shift in the Legal Standard of Determining Medical Negligence in Singapore
Authors: Neo Han Yee
Published: June 2022

In a recent landmark litigation, the Singapore Court of Appeal introduced a new legal standard for determining medical negligence with regards to information disclosure – the Modified-Montgomery test. This new test fundamentally shifts the legal position concerning the standard of care expected of a doctor when he dispenses medical advice. Previously, a doctor is expected to disclose what a “reasonable physician” would tell his patient. Now, a doctor must disclose “all material risks” that a “reasonable patient” would want to know under his unique circumstances. Patient-centred communication is no longer an aspirational ideal but has become a legal mandate. Manpower, administrative, logistic and medical educational reforms should start now, so as to support the average physician transit from the era of the Bolam-Bolitho, to that of the Modified-Montgomery.

Key words: Informed consent, Information disclosure, Patient-centric communication
Comparative Evaluation of Salicylic Acid (SA) and 2,4-Dichloro-6-{(E)-[(3methoxyphenyl)imino]methyl} Phenol (DPMP) on Growth and Salt Stress Tolerance in Forage Pea (Pisum sativum L. arvense)
Authors: ÖZKURT Nazlı , BEKTAŞ Yasemin
Published: June 2022

Alleviation of salt stress is becoming one of the urgent needs of agricultural production. Even though enhancement of tolerance levels with genetic variation is a common approach, exogenous applications of various compounds are a newly emerging field. Here, the effects of two different plant elicitors, salicylic acid (SA) and 2,4-dichloro-6-{(E)-[(3methoxyphenyl)imino]methyl} phenol (DPMP) on growth and stress tolerance levels of forage pea (Pisum sativum ssp. arvense L.) were evaluated. Plants were exposed to salt stress (100 mM) in addition to DPMP, SA, or DMSO (Solvent) foliar spraying. The results revealed contrasting effects for each elicitor. Under non-stressed conditions, DPMP applied plants had higher values in plant height, shoot dry weight (SDW), and taproot length, while SA applied plants had significantly higher shoot fresh weight (SFW), and DMSO applied plants had higher values in root fresh (RFW) and dry (RDW) weights, and root/shoot ratios. When we evaluated stress tolerance index (STI) levels, DPMP applied plants had higher STI values in SFW, SDW, RFW, and RDW. DPMP improved STI and biomass allocation better than SA and DMSO. These elicitors may have significant potential in abiotic stress tolerance, in addition to their well-known biotic stress eliciting roles. There is a need for further research to define appropriate doses and application times.
EVALUATION OF THE SEISMIC BEHAVIOR OF THE HISTORIC CLANDRAS BRIDGE
Authors: ŞEKER Soner , ŞAHİN Hakkı
Published: June 2022

Historical masonry arch bridges are one of the most important structures that convey the cultural heritage of past civilizations to the present. Historical masonry arch bridges were one of the most important elements of transportation and architecture in the past. These structures can be damaged by many natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, etc. from the past to the present. It is necessary to carry out the necessary studies in order to protect these bridges as they were built and to transfer them safely to future generationsIt is clear that determining the earthquake behavior of these bridges, which are exposed to different geometrical properties, materials and loading conditions, will increase the effectiveness of the strengthening works to be done. In this study, the seismic behavior of the Uşak Clandras Bridge, which is a historical masonry arch bridge, was investigated by linear and non-linear time history analysis. Firstly, the 3D model of the masonry bridge was created with the Abaqüs program. To simulate the more real behavior of the structure, a detailed survey was carried out. For the characteristic features of the materials used in the bridge, studies in the literature were taken into consideration. Acceleration records of 1999 Kocaeli Earthquake were used in dynamic analyses.
Determination of Optimum Bitumen Content in Porous Asphalt Pavement by Different Methods
Authors: İBİŞ Ahmet Buğra , SENGOZ Burak , ALMUSAWİ Ali , KAYA ÖZDEMİR Derya , TOPAL Ali
Published: June 2022

In recent years, studies on porous asphalt have gained more importance and countries are conducting various studies in order to improve the engineering properties of this type of pavement. As a result of these studies, each country developed its own standard and therefore different optimum bitumen content (OBC) determination methods emerged. This paper investigates the determination of the optimum bitumen content of porous asphalt samples prepared by using different aggregate types and polymers by the methods implemented in Turkey and in other countries. The results have shown that the application of each method yielded different bitumen content.
İslamî Tebliğ Sürecinde Mahzûmoğulları –Kabilevî ve Bireysel Duruş Açısından Bir Değerlendirme–
Authors: ŞİMŞEK Mehmet
Published: June 2022

Kusay b. Kilâb’ın Huzâa kabilesini Mekke şehrinin idaresinden uzaklaştırmasından sonra İslâmiyet’e kadar uzanan dönem içerisinde Kureyş kolları arasında farklı zamanlarda çeşitli nedenlerden dolayı gruplaşmalar meydana gelmiştir. Kusay b. Kilâb’ın vefatından sonra meydana gelen Ahlâf-Mutayyebûn ayrılığı Kureyş batınları arasında gruplaşmaların yaşanmasına sebebiyet veren olayların başında gelmektedir. Batınlar arasında yaşanan rekabetin ilk kıvılcımı bu idarî görevlerin paylaşımı meselesi olmuştur. O dönemden Hz. Peygamber’e ilk vahyin geldiği döneme kadar farklı zamanlarda yaşanan olaylar, Kureyş batınları arasındaki gruplaşmayı belirginleştirmiştir. Benî Mahzûm da bu gruplaşmalar sırasında kendi çıkarları doğrultusundaki yerini almıştır. Hz. Peygamber ile akrabalık bağı bulunan Benî Mahzûm, risâletten önce Ahlâf-Mutayyebûn çekişmeleri, Kâbe’nin tamiri gibi olaylarda öne çıkarken İslâmiyet’in ilk yıllarında ise Hz. Peygamber’e karşı oluşturulan muhalif hareketin liderliğini yürütenler arasında bulunmaktadır. Kaynaklarda genellikle Emevîlerin, Hz. Peygamber’e karşı muhalefetleri aktarılmasına rağmen Bedir’e kadar asıl muhalif tutumun Benî Mahzûm tarafından sergilendiği açıkça anlaşılmaktadır. İlk Müslümanlar arasında bulunan önemli şahsiyetlerin bir kısmı da bu batına mensuptur. Kureyş kolları arasında da dikkat çeken Benî Mahzûm, sahip olduğu ekonomik ve siyasi güç dolayısıyla bi’setin ilk yıllarında meydana gelen hâdiselerde öne çıkmaktadır.
The Effect of Principal Supervision on Teacher Performance through Work Discipline and Work Motivation of Elementary School Teachers in Batumandi Sub District
Authors:   Master of Educational Administration Program, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin 70123, Indonesia
Published: June 2022

Performance is the achievement of teachers in carrying out their duties based on the criteria and standards that have been set. Performance issues are very important to pay attention to because they are related to the organization’s continuity. Performance is related to the principal's supervision, discipline, and motivation. This study uses a quantitative approach with a descriptive method that focuses on the presentation of data in the form of numbers using statistics. The population in this study were all SDN teachers in Batumandi district, with as many as 160 teachers. The research sample was 115 people chosen by proportional random sampling determined by Cronbach's Alpha. Data was collected using instruments consisting of principal supervision (24 items), work discipline (30 items), work motivation (26 items), and teacher performance (51 items) which have been tested for validity and reliability. The research data were analyzed using path analysis. The results of the study found that the principal's supervision had a direct Effect on teacher performance, work discipline had a direct Effect on teacher performance, work motivation had a direct Effect on teacher performance, and principal's supervision had a direct Effect on teacher work discipline, principal's supervision had a direct Effect on teacher performance, principal supervision has an indirect effect on teacher performance through teacher work discipline, and principal supervision has an indirect effect on teacher performance through teacher work motivation.
The Effect of Principal Academic Supervision, Teacher Self-Efficacy and Teacher Discipline on Teacher Performance at SDN Kecamatan Martapura Kabupaten Banjar
Authors:   Master of Educational Administration Program, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin 70123, Indonesia
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the principal academic supervision on performance; the principal academic supervision of the teacher work discipline; the teacher self-efficacy of performance; self-efficacy of teachers towards teacher work discipline; teacher work discipline towards performance; academic supervision of the principal through the discipline of the teacher work towards performance; academic supervision of the principal through the discipline of the teacher work towards teacher performance; academic supervision of the principal through work discipline. The research sample was 157 teachers in 25 schools selected by probability simple random selection from a population of 258 teachers scattered across 25 public elementary schools in Martapura District, Banjar Regency, using a quantitative approach to the coronation technique. The The instruments that have been validated for validity and reliability were used to gather data. The research data were analyzed descriptively and path analysis. The results of the study found that the principal's academic supervision has an effect on performance, the principal's academic supervision has an effect on teacher work discipline, self-efficacy (self-efficacy) of teachers has an effect on performance, self-efficacy (self-efficacy) of teachers has an effect on teacher work discipline, teacher work discipline has an effect on performance, discipline is an intermediary the effect of the principal's academic supervision on teacher performance and efficacy self-effifacy of the teacher towards teacher performance.
Correlation between Situational Leadership and Teacher Performance through Work Culture and Teacher Work Motivation at SDN Martapura Barat, Banjar Regency
Authors:   Master in Educational Administration, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, Indonesia
Published: June 2022

Teacher performance, leadership, work culture, and motivation are all important components in providing a high-quality education. Through the teacher's work culture and motivation, this study tries to describe the link between the principal's situational leadership and teacher performance. This study is based on a correlational quantitative technique. The total number of teachers was 124, with a sample size of 95. The slovin formula is used to carry out the proportionate random sampling approach. SPSS 20 is used to perform descriptive and inferential statistics in this investigation. Questionnaires are used to collect data. Path analysis is used in this data analysis. The results showed that there is situational leadership (30 items) and work motivation (30 items) are in the high category, while work culture (34 items) and teacher performance (14 items) are in the very high category, which have been tested for validity and reliability, there is a direct correlation of situational leadership, work culture, work motivation to teacher performance, there is an indirect correlation of situational leadership and work culture through work motivation to teacher performance.
KETERKAITAN MODAL INTELEKTUAL, STRATEGI DIVERSIFIKASI, KEPUTUSAN PENDANAAN DAN STRUKTUR KEPEMILIKAN DENGAN KINERJA KEUANGAN PADA PERBANKAN DAN ASURANSI YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA TAHUN PERIODE 2017-2020
Authors: Darmanto  , Sridarta Yenni Maria , Bria Etheldreda Prabandasari
Published: June 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of Ownership Structure, Diversification Strategy, Intellectual Capital, and Funding Decisions on the Company's Financial Performance. The independent variables in this research are Ownership Structure, Diversification Strategy, Intellectual Capital, and Funding Decisions. Meanwhile, the Depanden variable in this study is the Company's Financial Performance.The population in this study are financial and insurance companies in the financial sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2017-2020 period. The sample used was 40 companies using purposive sampling method. This research uses multiple linear regression analysis method.The results of hypothesis testing show that Managerial Ownership has a positive effect on financial performance, Institutional ownership has a positive effect on financial performance. Public Ownership has a positive effect on financial performance. Diversification strategy has a positive effect on financial performance,Intellectual Capital has a positive effect on financial performance., Funding decisions have a positive effect on financial performance.
FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI MINAT INVESTASI SELAMA PANDEMI COVID 19 DI AKADEMI TEKNIK MESIN INDUSTRI SURAKARTA
Authors: Kusumawati Evi Dewi , Kartikasari Dewi
Published: June 2022

This study aims to determine the factors that influence investment interest during the covid 19 pandemic at Industrial Mechanical Engineering Academy (ATMI). This research is survey research. The data used is primary data by taking samples of 84 respondents from ATMI’s students. This research is descriptive research with a quantitative approach.The results showed that investment understanding had a significant effect on investment interests of ATMI Surakarta students, minimal capital had no significant effect on investment interests of ATMI Surakarta students, motivation had no significant effect on investment interests of ATMI Surakarta students, risk perception had a significant effect on investment interests of ATMI Surakarta students, literacy The capital market has a significant effect on the investment interest of ATMI Surakarta students. This shows that simultaneously the variables of understanding investment, minimum capital, motivation, risk perception and capital market literacy have a significant effect on investment interest.
From Bridegroom of Blood to Son-in-Law: Zipporah & Son in Exodus 4
Authors: GUILLAUME Philippe
Published: June 2022

Résumé Titre : De « l’époux de sang » au gendre : Séphora et son fils dans Exode 4 Plusieurs études de la péricope d’Exode 4, 24–26 ont déjà suggéré que « l’époux de sang » mentionné par Séphora n’est pas Moïse mais son fils, qu’elle vient de circoncire d’urgence. Un rite pratiqué par une tribu du Zimbabwe permet d’affiner cette hypothèse en soulignant le rôle que joue la circoncision dans l’inscription du fils dans la lignée paternelle qui devient en quelque sorte le gendre de sa propre mère. Le but de ce récit de circoncision irrégulière justifierait l’exclusion de la lignée de Moïse pour la prêtrise. Abstract The words Zipporah pronounces after circumcising her son are commonly rendered as “you are a bridegroom of blood to me” (Exodus 4:25). Several studies of that puzzling scene have argued that these words are not addressed to Moses but to her son. A ritual of symbolic circumcision attested in Zimbabwe in the 1970s illustrates the potential attributed to blood in the transfer of a son from his maternal to his paternal lineage. In this light, Zipporah’s son becomes her son-in-law. Yet, the circumcision of Moses’ son by his Midianite mother served to disqualify Moses’ line from the priesthood.
Delil-Hüküm İlişkisi Bağlaminda Hanefî Mezhebindeki Teklifî Hükümlere Dair Bazi Değerlendirmeler
Authors: BULUT Abdurrahman
Published: June 2022

Hanefî mezhebinde, ilgili delilin sübût-delâlet yönünden zannî-katî ol-ması ve talebin bağlayıcı olup olmaması dikkate alınarak teklifî hükümler farklı kategorilerde tespit edilmiştir. Usûl eserlerinde genel bir ifadeyle katî delille sabit olan emir ve yasakların farz ve haram, delilinde zannîlik ve şüphe bulunan emir ve yasakların ise vâcip ve tahrîmen mekruh olduğu ifade edilmektedir. Bununla birlikte Hanefî fürû fıkıh doktrininde “vâcip”ten daha güçlü etkileri olup delilinde zannîlik ve şüphe söz konusu olan ve bundan dolayı fıkıh âlimleri arasında hükmü hakkında ihtilaf edilen bazı “farz”lar tespit edilmiştir. Sonraki dönem Hanefî fakihleri bu tür hükümler için “amelî (zannî) farz” kavramını benimsemişlerdir. Ayrıca Hanefî usûl literatüründe teklifî hükümler incelenirken vâcip, genelde farz ile mukayese edilerek incelenmektedir. Bununla birlikte geç dönem bazı usûl eserlerinde ve fürû fıkıhtaki pek çok meselede vâcip, müekked sünnet ile de mukayese edilmekte ve vâcibin sünnet ile irtibatı veya sünnetten ayırt edilmesi önemli bir mesele olarak ele alınmaktadır. Bu makalede Hanefi mezhebindeki teklifî hükümler tasnifinde ara bir kategoriyi ifade eden “amelî farz”ın mahiyetinin belirginleştirilmesi amaçlanmış ve benzer şekilde Hanefî mezhebi doktrininde, delilinde zannîlik ve şüphe bulunan bazı “haram”ların varlığına dikkat çekilmiştir. Vâcip-sünnet ayrımına dair Hanefî fakihleri tarafından delilin niteliği dikkate alınarak yapılan bazı değerlendirmeler ele alınmış ve özellikle ilgili delilin mahiyetine bağlı olarak yapılan teklifî hüküm tasniflerinde çoğu zaman açık bir şekilde yer verilmeyen müekked sünnetin terk edilmesinin hükmünün ne olduğu tahkik edilmiştir. Bu araştırmada Hanefî mezhebi usûl ve fürû eserleri arasında mukayeseli ve kronolojik bir okuma yapılmaya çalışılmıştır.
Dergüzînî Hasan Rıza ve Mecelle’ye Tetimme Mahiyetindeki Eseri
Authors: YAKAR Fatih
Published: June 2022

Osmanlı Devleti’nin özellikle Tanzimat’tan itibaren çeşitli sahalarda içine düştüğü krizleri aşmak için köklü reformlar yaptığı gerçeği açıktır. Bu çerçevede “Mecelle-i Ahkâm-ı Adliyye”nin hazırlanıp kanunlaştırılması hiç şüphesiz gerek Osmanlı hukuk tarihinin gerekse İslam hukuk tarihinin en önemli olaylarındandır. Mecelle esas itibariyle borçlar, kısmen eşya ve yargılama/usul hukuku konularını kapsaması nedeniyle tam ve eksiksiz bir medenî kanun mahiyetinde değildir. Özellikle Aile Hukuku alanına tekabül eden “Münâkehât ve Müfârakât” bahisleri ve buna dair kanun maddeleri Mecelle’de yer almamaktadır. Çalışmamıza esas teşkil eden eser işte tam da bu boşluğu doldurmak için kaleme alınmıştır. Kadri Paşa’nın (ö. 1888) “el-Ahkâmü’ş-şer’iyye fi’l-Ahvâli’ş-şahsiyye” isimli kanun taslağı mahiyetindeki kitabının tercüme ve şerhi mahiyetindeki eser, Dergüzînî’ nin ifadesine göre Aile Hukukuna dair derli toplu bir metin ihtiyacından doğmasının yanı sıra devrinin özellikle İslam Aile Hukuku ahkâmına yönelen eleştirilerine de cevap mahiyetindedir. Aile Hukuku Kararnamesi’nden yaklaşık yirmi yıl önce hazırlanması da eserin mahiyetinin tahlilinde yardımcı bir ipucudur. Dergüzînî, tercümenin yanı sıra şerh ve izahlarla nikah akdi, eşlerin sorumlulukları, boşama, neseb ve nafaka bahislerini anlaşılır kılma ve bu konulardaki eleştirilere cevap verme çabasındadır. Onun bu çabası, Kânun-i Esâsî’ye yaptığı dinî referanslı şerhle birlikte değerlendirildiğinde, özellikle klasik fıkıh literatüründe yer alan Aile Hukuku ahkâmının doğruluğunun ispatı ve söz konusu hükümlerin selîm insan fıtratına uygunluğunun savunusu olarak nitelendirilebilir. Bu çalışma esas itibariyle Dergüzînî’nin bu eserinin mahiyetini analiz ederken, aynı zamanda müellifin yaşadığı devrin, fıkıh ahkâmına dair ürettiği eleştiri konularının icmali portresini çıkarmak gayesini de gütmektedir. Bu çerçevede eserin başına eklenen sekiz adet takriz ve Dergüzînî’nin mukaddimesi yol gösterici bilgiler barındırmaktadır. Özellikle bürokrasi ve ilim çevreleriyle kurulan ilişkiler, gündemdeki tartışmalı ilmi meseleler bu takrizlerden anlaşılabilir. Takrizlerde, islam kadınının statüsüne ilişkin değerlendirmeler esnasında Feminizm hareketine de atıf yapılmıştır. Burada ele alınan yaklaşımlar Femi-nizm hareketinin tarihsel kökeni ve geçirdiği evrelere dair bilgilerle birleşti-rildiğinde, dönemin entelektüel hafızasıyla ilgili önemli sonuçlara ulaşılabilir. Hayatı hakkında bilgi bulunmayan Dergüzînî’nin kimlik ve statüsüne ilişkin tahliller de bu çalışmanın vazgeçilmez bir gereğidir.
A sports injury to keep in mind, exercise band-induced ocular injury: A case report
Authors: Dinçer Şensu , Nur Taşdemir Esin , Köksal Ceylan , Filik Armağan
Published: June 2022

Sports-related activities have been associated with numerous ocular injuries. A 37-year old female patient with ocular trauma associated with exercise band used during resistance exercise has been presented. While ocular injuries caused by the exercise band were rarely reported before the COVID-19 pandemic, number of those case reports has been increased during the last couple of years. Health professionals, trainers and athletes should be aware of potential ocular injuries caused by the elastic band and precautions should be taken.
Urgensi Kepemimpinan Multidimensi Gembala dalam Era Digital
Authors: Gultom Joni Manumpak Parulian
Published: June 2022

Kepemimpinan multidimensi gembala sangat mendesak dalam era digital. Model ini dibutuhkan untuk bergerak dengan visi dan wawasan transformasi sosiokultural masyarakat awam menuju digital. Gembala mengalami permasalahan kesehatan mental dan emosi. Mereka memilih untuk mundur dari pelayanan gereja karena mengalami masalah kelelahan, kesepian dan mental psikologi terganggu. Pertanyaannya adalah apakah pengertian kepemimpinan multidimensi gembala yang dimaksud? Bagaimanakah bentuk kepemimpinan multidimensi yang dibutuhkan? Serta strategi seperti apakah yang dapat menumbuh-kembangkannya? Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menjelaskan pengertian kepemimpinan multidimensi gembala, menggambarkan kecerdasan emosi sebagai bagian integral dari kepemimpinan multidimensi gembala yang seimbang, dan mendeskripsikan strategi strategi yang dapat dilakukan dalam pengembangan kepemimpinan multidimensi gembala.  Metode penelitan yang digunakan dengan deskrispsi kualitatif, menggali pengertian kepemimpinan multidimensi secara umum dan perkembangannya kekinian. Lalu pembahasan kecerdasan emosi gembala, dilanjutkan tahapan dan dimensi yang dapat di terapkan, penjabaran strategi pelayanan kepemimpinan multi dimensi secara fisik maupun virtual.  Hasilnya kepemimpinan multidimensi bergantung kepada kecerdasan emosi gembala dalam komunikasi, interaksi, inovasi, dan kreativitas; kepemimpian selalu mengalami perkembangan dan sangat diapreasiasi. Gembala memiliki kemampuan multidimensi dalam menciptakan terobosan baru dalam menjawab tantangan tersebut.
INSATISFAÇÃO CORPORAL E DISTURBIOS DE IMAGEM CORPORAL REPERCUTIDAS A PARTIR DE MIDIAS E REDES SOCIAIS
Authors: Tinoco Laurindo Maria Raquel , Montela Marins Thales , Henrique Varella Silva Leandro , Souza Rabelo Isis , Souza Rabelo Taís , Da Silva França Brenda , De Melo Tavares Marilei
Published: June 2022

O termo “dismorfofobia”, utilizado pela primeira vez em 1886 por Enrico Morselli, foi integrado na Classificação Internacional de Doenças (CID) passando a ser nominada como: Transtorno Dismórfico Corporal (TDC). Este transtorno, que atinge em sua maioria os jovens, tem por definição a preocupação excessiva com a estética corporal. Assim sendo, este estudo tem por objetivo discutir acerca do TDC e as influências das mídias sociais sobre a imagem corporal e seus distúrbios. Optou-se por um estudo de revisão narrativa de caráter explicativo a partir de uma abordagem qualitativa, e foram utilizados artigos na língua inglesa e espanhola, entre os anos 2017 e 2021, presentes nas bases de dados Pubmed e Bireme. A partir dos resultados encontrados foi realizada uma análise e discussão através de quatro tópicos, são eles: Dismorfismo corporal associado a outros transtornos, influência familiar, influência da mídia e das redes sociais e fatores relacionados ao sexo. Com isso, foi possível observar a existência de obstáculos para um diagnóstico correto do TDC e a importância em se realizar uma anamnese completa e eficaz.
A study on the determination of the real-world driving characteristics of motorcycles in Hanoi
Authors: Nguyen Thi Yen Lien , Nguyen Duc Khanh , Cao Minh Quy , Than Thi Hai Yen , Bui Le Hong Minh
Published: June 2022

The transport sector has been considered as one of the primary reasons of the situation of rapid climate change. This paper aims to determine the real-world driving characteristics of motorcycles (MCs) in Hanoi to support further studies on MCs' emissions and fuel consumption. An infrared sensor was installed directly on the wheel of the test MC to record the revolving speed of the wheel. After that, the instantaneous speed of the test MC was calculated and pre-processed. Only about 0.82% of total data points were detected as error points and processed. Twenty-five driving kinetic parameters were calculated based on the processed instantaneous speed data to reflect the real-world driving characteristics of MCs in Hanoi. The change in the real-world driving characteristics of MCs in Hanoi from 2009 to 2020 has been recognized, particularly the share of the time proportion in different operation modes. The time proportion of the acceleration, deceleration, cruising, creeping, and idling modes in the real-world driving characteristics of MCs in Hanoi is 35.51%, 34.52%, 11.23%, 12.01%, and 7.13%, respectively. The average speed of MCs in Hanoi is about 20.49 kph. The VSP distribution in the real-world driving data of MCs in Hanoi is concentrated mainly at the bins relating to idling and low speeds.
OS DIREITOS FUNDAMENTAIS E APLICAÇÃO DA JUSTIÇA RESTAURATIVA NA REINTEGRAÇÃO SOCIAL DO JOVEM INFRATOR
Authors: SOARES JARDEL DE FREITAS , ESTRELA WILLIAM MARQUES
Published: June 2022

Sem dúvida, uma das questões que mais suscitam discussões na sociedade brasileira atual é com relação a reintegração social do menor em conflito com a lei. Justifica-se o estudo acadêmico na perspectiva de que faz alguns séculos que o sistema retributivo conseguiu sua posição de destaque sobre as demais formas de resolução de conflitos e entendia-se este modelo como sendo o mais moderno e eficaz possível. No entanto, esta justiça criminal aplicada demonstra sinais de não ser mais capaz de promover a reintegração do ofensor ou mesmo de coibir as condutas ilícitas. Neste processo de falência do sistema de retribuição de pena surge a Justiça Restaurativa, que trata de um processo de caráter interdisciplinar e eminentemente voluntário em que o infrator e vítima são dotadas de maior autonomia para decidir a resolução mais benéfica e restabelecer o status existente antes da transgressão. O objetivo geral da pesquisa é analisar a aplicação da Justiça Restaurativa no processo de reinserção social do menor infrator sob a égide dos Direitos Fundamentais. Quanto aos objetivos específicos são: identificar as práticas de Justiça Restaurativa como uma nova forma de combater a criminalidade juvenil no Brasil; demostrar que a redução da maioridade penal não resolve o problema da criminalidade entre os jovens; e por fim, promover mecanismos restaurativos teóricos e empíricos que preservem a dignidade humana das crianças e adolescentes em conflito com a lei, sem olvidar da vítima da infração. De acordo com tais argumentos, surge então a seguinte problemática: quais os possíveis desdobramentos jurídico-sociais na relação entre a implementação Justiça Restaurativa no Brasil e a reinserção social do jovem transgressor à luz dos Direitos Fundamentais? A metodologia a ser utilizada nesta pesquisa consiste no método hermenêutico-sistêmico exploratório, pois visa interpretar e proporcionar uma maior familiaridade com o problema e torná-lo explícito, além de construir novas hipóteses a serem estudadas. O procedimento metodológico utiliza-se de uma ampla análise nas doutrinas, nos meios eletrônicos oficiais e nas jurisprudências. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que se faz necessário implementar novas formas de composição penal no que se refere ao ato infracional do menor por meio das experiências restaurativas de caráter mais humanista, bem como, a comprovação empírica, por meio de projetos existentes no Brasil, que a Justiça Restaurativa é um método eficiente na reinserção social do jovem ofensor. Assim, conclui-se que o modelo de composição restaurativista se torna promissor na reintegração do menor infrator na medida que se aplicam mecanismos de diálogo, de respeito e de prevenção inerentes na própria formação da personalidade do adolescente.
Az interkulturális gazdasági kommunikáció kihívásai a 21. század elején
Authors: Szekrényesné Rádi Éva
Published: June 2022

A felismerés, mely szerint a külgazdasági kapcsolatok eredményes működését a gazdasági szaktudás, a gazdasági szaknyelvi ismeretek mellett a kultúraspecifikus ismeretek is jelentősen befolyásolják, már az 1920-30-as évek Németországában megfogalmazódott. Mégis hosszú időszak telt el a gazdasági szaknyelv kizárólag nyelvészeti-nyelvimmanens vizsgálatával, míg 1989/90-ben az interkulturális gazdasági kommunikáció fogalma is megjelent és meghonosodott a tudományban. Az interkulturális gazdasági kommunikáció innovatív kérdésfelvetéseivel multi- és interdiszciplináris kapcsolódásokat is életre keltett: a kommunikációtudomány, a pszichológia, az etnológia, a médiatudomány mellett értelemszerűen a gazdaságtudomány is felfedezte a maga számára. A globalizált gazdaság szereplőinek olyan területeken van lehetőségük hasznosítani az interkulturális gazdasági kommunikáció vívmányait, mint a marketing, a vezetés és szervezés, az emberi erőforrás fejlesztése és egyéb vállalati területek. A multi- és interkulturalitás kérdésköre mellett a gazdasági globalizáció másik szembetűnő jellegzetessége az információs és kommunikációs technológiák fejlődése. A 21. századi digitális kommunikációs eszközök használata tovább árnyalja a kultúrák közötti kommunikációról alkotott képet. A tanulmány rövid történeti áttekintés után a téma időszerű kérdéseit vizsgálja.