bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Horticulture in education: A comprehensive insight into school gardening
Authors: Xu Jingcheng , Gao Xianyi , Lin Tingwei , Wang Wei , Xu Haijun , Xu Yunfei , Wang Xinxi , Cheng Xiaoqing , Chen Zengju , Tan Tingsheng , Qi Huijuan , Wang Ying , Hong Min , Liu Shudong
Published: October 2024

School gardening (SG) is the practice of using school grounds to establish horticultural spaces that are collaboratively designed and managed by teachers, students, volunteers, and others. SG offers plant cultivation areas, locations for students to cook, socialize, and relax, and a stress‐relieving environment. Now SG has gained popularity worldwide. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the benefits of SG, current challenges faced in the realm of SG, countermeasures to these issues, and precautions that should be taken account into when implementing SG. This paper is intended to serve as a valuable reference for guiding the continued advancement of SG initiatives in the future.
Effects of simultaneous intake of dietary fermented foods and processed meat products on the risk of colorectal cancer
Authors: Lee Da Young , Lee Seung Yun , Jeong Jae Won , Kim Jae Hyeon , Yun Seung Hyeon , Lee Juhyun , Mariano Ermie , Hur Sun Jin
Published: October 2024

This study investigated the effects of fermented food consumption on the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) related to processed meat intake using a mouse model. Processed meat products and fermented foods were supplemented to analyze heterocyclic amines (HCA) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels and the gut microbiota in mice. The study determined age to be a non‐influential factor. While HCAs were detected in all the processed meat samples, no CRC development was observed, even when they consumed excessive amounts of these processed meats, either alone or in combination with fermented foods. Bacteroides and Alistipes were the most predominant gut microbiota. Kimchi, soybean paste, and red pepper paste showed a decreasing trend in the ratio of these bacteria associated with gut inflammation, but the results were inconclusive because this trend was inconsistent. Therefore, this study found that fermented foods did not significantly affect CRC risk indicators associated with dietary processed meat intake, regardless of age.
Hydrolyzed milk infant formula effectively protects against milk protein allergy: Independent of whey protein source
Authors: Xie Qinggang , Liu Sibo , Cui Dongying , Liu Yang , Wang Xiangxin , Cao Ting , Xu Xiaoxi , Li Bailiang
Published: October 2024

Milk protein sensitivity is a major challenge in infant feeding, especially for infants who cannot receive adequate breastfeeding. Hydrolyzed milk protein is a mainstream way to address this difficulty. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of differences in whey protein concentrate (WPC) source and the degree of hydrolysis on blocking allergy and to analyze the possible mechanisms by which hydrolyzed infant formula (IF) blocks allergy through colony‐metabolism–immunity response. First, we prepared six groups of goat's milk IF with unhydrolyzed, partially, and extensively hydrolyzed WPC, which come from cow's milk WPC and goat's milk WPC. Subsequently, we evaluated their effects on allergy. The results showed that the hydrolyzed IF improved the allergic characteristics of mice, including low levels of total immunoglobulin E (IgE), specific IgE, histamine, and mucosal mast cell protease‐1 (mMCP‐1). Furthermore, the hydrolyzed IF promoted the immune response of T helper 1 (Th1) and regulatory T (Treg) cells by enhancing the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of T‐box transcription factor 21 (T‐bet) and forkhead box protein P3 (Foxp3), which in turn suppressed the T helper 2 (Th2) overexpressed immune response in allergy (GATA‐binding protein 3 (GATA‐3) and retinoic‐acid‐receptor‐related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) mRNA expression, as well as interleukin 4 (IL‐4) and interleukin 5 (IL‐5) levels). Hydrolyzed IF promoted an increase in beneficial gut microbe Lactobacillus and Alistipes, which in turn promoted an increase in intestinal butyrate levels. The beneficial bacteria and their metabolized butyrate may have suppressed the abundance of the allergy‐characterizing bacterium Rikenellaceae‐RC9‐gut‐group. The final result we obtained was that for both cow's milk WPC and goat's milk WPC, at similar levels of hydrolysis, they did not bring about a significant effect on allergy symptoms. The hydrolyzed IF improved the allergic characteristics of mice, the deeper the degree of hydrolysis of WPC, the more obvious the effect of reducing allergic symptoms in model mice.
Are private hospital emergency departments in Australia distributed to serve the wealthy community?
Authors: Baazeem Mazen , Kruger Estie , Tennant Marc
Published: October 2024

Objective

This study investigates the geographical distribution of private hospitals in Australian capital cities in relation to the Index of Relative Socioeconomic Disadvantage.

Methods

Using Geographic Information System analysis, the study examined how private hospitals are distributed across different socioeconomic quartiles, providing a comprehensive visualisation of health care accessibility.

Results

The results indicate an unequal distribution with a substantial concentration of private hospitals within the vicinity of communities classified in the highest socioeconomic classification. This raises significant concerns about health care equity, particularly in light of the increased strain on health care systems before, during and after the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Conclusions

This study underscores the need for targeted policy interventions to enhance the resilience and accessibility of the private health care sector, specifically targeting disadvantaged communities. It suggests that comprehensive, geographically‐informed data is crucial for policymakers to make informed decisions that promote health equity in the postpandemic landscape.
Menstrual hygiene management among reproductive‐aged women with disabilities in Bangladesh
Authors: Khan Md Nuruzzaman , Khanam Shimlin Jahan , Chowdhury Atika Rahman , Hossain Rashed , Kabir Md Awal , Alam Md Badsha
Published: October 2024

Background

Women with disabilities in low‐ and middle‐income countries face unique challenges in managing menstruation, affecting their health, dignity, and quality of life.

Aim

This study aimed to explore menstrual hygiene management (MHM) practices among reproductive‐aged women with disabilities in Bangladesh and its impact on social participation.

Methods

We analyzed data from 51,535 women from the 2019 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS). The outcome variables were: (i) material used to manage blood flow while menstruating (appropriate, inappropriate), (ii) availability of a private place for washing and changing menstruation rags (yes, no), and (iii) impact on attendance of social activities, school, or work during menstruation (yes, no). Disability status was considered as a major explanatory variable and categorized as no disabilities, moderate disabilities, and severe disabilities. Associations of outcome variables with explanatory variables were determined using a multilevel mixed‐effects binary logistic regression model adjusted for individual‐level factors, household‐level factors, and community‐level factors.

Results

Among the sample, 2.7% reported severe disability and 19.2% moderate disabilities, with vision‐related disabilities (12.2%) being the most prevalent, followed by cognitive (9.5%) and walking disabilities (8.2%). Overall, 4% reported using inappropriate materials for menstrual flow, rising to 8.0% among those with severe disabilities and 5.8% for moderate disabilities. Women with moderate to severe disabilities had 33%–47% lower odds of using appropriate materials and 34%–44% lower odds of having a private place to change at home. Additionally, women with severe disabilities were 1.66 times more likely to report that menstruation impacted their social activities.

Conclusion

Women with disabilities in Bangladesh face significant barriers to effective MHM. Addressing these issues requires targeted interventions, including disability‐inclusive menstrual health education, improved access to menstrual products and sanitation facilities, and community initiatives to reduce stigma.
Culturally affirming and liberatory mental health theories and approaches with Latine/x clients and communities
Authors: Tovar‐Murray Darrick , Hipolito‐Delgado Carlos
Published: October 2024

This special issue focuses on culturally affirming and liberatory mental health theories and approaches with Latine/x clients and their respective communities. Grounded in the cultural traditions of Latine/x communities, the articles in this special issue move beyond discussing the challenges Latine/x clients face in accessing mental health services to providing practical guidance for addressing oppressive systems. As a resurgent effort to dismantle the long‐standing effects of racism on the Latine/x community, this special issue also offers a strength‐based model of radical healing.
Impact of implementing stricter criteria for blood transfusion in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing free tissue transfer
Authors: Hamdi Osama A. , Danan Deepa , Denner Amber , Bellinger Jeffrey R. , Thornton Noah , Shonka David C. , Garneau Jonathan C. , Fedder Katherine , Jameson Mark J. , Dowling Eric M.
Published: October 2024

Objective

Recent literature studying the impact of blood transfusion on outcomes in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) have shown that blood transfusions are associated with increased risk of death and higher wound infection rates. The purpose of this study was to implement a lower transfusion threshold while comparing outcomes of free flap patients following initiation of a new transfusion guideline.

Methods

A retrospective study of all patients at a tertiary care academic center who underwent free tissue transfer after HNC resection between July 17, 2007 and June 7, 2021. Transfusion criteria were adjusted in 2014; the hematocrit threshold to transfuse was incrementally reduced from 30% in 2007 to 21% in 2017. The main outcomes of interest were overall survival (OS) and recurrence free survival (RFS).

Results

A total of 346 patients met the criteria for inclusion in the study. Groups 1 (less strict protocol – 30%) and 2 (stricter protocol – 21%) consisted of 171 and 175 patients, respectively. Fewer units of packed red cells were transfused per patient in group 2 (0.26 vs. 2.87 in group 1, p < .001). Group 1 was associated with worse OS (p = .01; hazard ratio [HR] = 1.7) and RFS (p < .001; HR = 2.5). Comparing only patients with SCC between the two groups also demonstrated poorer OS (p = .01; HR = 1.8) and RFS (p = .006; HR = 2.1) in group 1.

Conclusion

In HNC patients undergoing free tissue transfer, stricter transfusion criteria with threshold hematocrit of 21% was associated with improved OS, RFS, and complication rates with no negative impact on free flap survival.

Level of Evidence

Level IV.
The pathophysiology of dysphagia post‐lung transplant: A systematic review
Authors: Smaoui Sana , Cummins Elly , Mena Maryah , Scott Summer , Tobar‐Fredes Rodrigo
Published: October 2024

Purpose

One major consequence of lung transplantation is the development of oropharyngeal dysphagia. This systematic review aims to appraise and synthesize the available evidence of the use of instrumental assessments to outline the characteristics of post‐lung transplant dysphagia.

Methods

Following the identification of appropriate search terms for the question, a literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and the Health and Medical Collection of Proquest Research Library and included records between inception and September 14, 2023. Search strategies included the use of text words and subject headings (e.g., MeSH and Index terms) related to (1) dysphagia or swallowing (swallow*, deglutition disorder*), (2) lung transplant (lung transplant*, post‐operative, post‐lung), and (3) complications (adverse effects, *complications, treatment outcome).

Results

The literature search strategy yielded a total of 883 studies from the electronic database search, with no additional records identified through other sources. After the removal of duplicates (n = 96), a total of 787 studies were screened through title and abstracts which eliminated 775 studies. Six studies were ultimately included in the systematic review. The selected articles included patients who underwent lung transplantation and all but one study utilized a retrospective design. A lack of transparency regarding instrumental evaluation protocols (videofluoroscopic [VFSS] and Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing [FEES]) including the number and bolus types used during the instrumental evaluations appeared as a theme in the studies included. The Penetration‐Aspiration Scale (PAS) was systematically utilized to measure dysphagia safety outcome. Handling of the PAS scale was not consistent across studies, however penetration or aspiration ranged from 52.4% up to 100%. Additionally, silent aspiration rates ranged from 14.2% to 61.9%.

Conclusions

This review sought to describe the post‐operative swallowing function and its physiological parameters following lung transplantation. We examined the results reported and the methods utilized in obtaining these results in the existing literature. Limited reporting practices for physiological parameters were found, however the airway invasion was reported in all studies with variation in degrees of swallowing safety related deficits, with PAS being the most widely used scale to describe airway invasion depth and response. Future studies exploring dysphagia outcomes post‐lung transplant should comment on the altered physiological mechanisms of the swallow to further expand on the physiological deficits observed following transplantation in this group and allow for treatment planning.

Level of evidence

Level 1.
Effect of Guest Particles on the Functional Dielectric Properties of Materials for Display Application
Authors: Avaish Mohd , Warsi Syed Salman Ahmad , Dwivedi Apoorva , Pandey Anoop Kumar , Manohar Rajiv , Pandey Kamal Kumar
Published: October 2024

In this study the dielectric properties are experimentally studied and also analyzed the influence of guest particles on the functional properties of various liquid crystals. The polar and elastic energy of the nanoparticles is found to affect the functional energy of pure suspension. In addition to this, the functional dielectric anisotropy of the dispersed system takes modified form. In this study experiments are performed on various materials to find dielectric anisotropy and also found in good agreement with theoretical explanation.
Land‐Use and Land‐Cover (LULC) Change Detection in Bilari, Moradabad, U.P., India
Authors: Singh Vishva Deep , Simalti Ashish , Piyoosh Atul Kant
Published: October 2024

The post‐globalization of the Indian economy marks the beginning of a new era for various industries, including manufacturing and the service sector. As a result, people begin to migrate from sub‐urban/rural area to nearby major cities in search of employment and access to modern conveniences. Land Use Land Cover (LULC) pattern change is caused by human and natural factors which include geology, elevation, and slope. LULC change assessment is best ways to manage and understand landscape transformation. Bilari block in Moradabad is India's brass city and one of Uttar Pradesh's major cities, its population growth has pushed the rapid urbanization of city in last two decades. In the present study Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM) and Landsat 8 Operational Land Manager (OLI) data for years 2000 and 2023 have been employed to assess. ArcGIS Pro 2.9.0 software is used to perform layer stacking and on the raw Landsat data for pre‐processing. To find LULC changes in the study area between 2000 and 2023, supervised classification is done by adopting Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC). From the results, it is observed that the area from pervious to impervious changes very quickly in Bilari. This research will aid in regional and urban planning, as well as agricultural management, in the years ahead.
Utilization of Polymers for the Development of Nanomaterials
Authors: Chandra Phool , Rastogi Vaibhav , Porwal Mayur , Saxena Urvashi , Verma Anurag , Fatma Nishat , Ali Zeeshan , Sachan Neetu
Published: October 2024

This study highlights the significance of polymers in the progress of nanoparticles across various areas. The molecules of polymers are highly regarded for their ability to adapt and self‐assemble, making them essential components in the creation of nanomaterials. The variety of polymers include natural polymers such as chitosan, synthetic polymers like polyethylene, and biodegradable polymers like poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA). These kinds of polymers possess distinct advantages such as high strength, environmental sustainability, and biocompatibility. Incorporation of nanoscale fillers into polymer matrices, which enhances the mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of materials, is crucial for the development of nanocomposites. Illustration instances encompass carbon nanotube‐polymer composites and polymer clay hybrids, which find application in the construction, automotive, and aerospace sectors. Composites can employ many synthetic methods to generate nanostructures. Nanofibers have utility in tissue engineering, whereas polymer nanoparticles function as carriers for medical delivery. Also, polymers enhance nanomaterials by modifying their surfaces, a crucial factor for their application in membrane technology, catalysis, and sensing. A collaborative synergy between polymers and nanoparticles fosters a wide range of applications, showcasing the versatility and potential of polymers in altering the characteristics of nanomaterials. The resulting partnership continues to generate pioneering breakthroughs that address complex challenges and unveil unprecedented prospects in the domains of science, technology, and business.
Exploring the DNA Recognition of Compounds Based on Benzimidazole and Benzothiazole: A Concise Review
Authors: Khan Uzma , Sur Souvik
Published: October 2024

Over the course of three decades, benzimidazole as well as benzothiazole and its derivatives have been extensively investigated in oligo‐nucleotide therapy for their properties. These derivatives serve as valuable building blocks for creating pharmaceutical and biologically active molecules. With applications ranging across various therapeutic domains, including antiulcer, anticancer, and anthelmintic treatments, substituted benzimidazole/ benzothiazole derivatives have proven their versatility. This review provides a systematic and comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in benzimidazole/ benzothiazole‐based compounds within medicinal chemistry. These compounds exhibit diverse pharmacological activities such as anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, anti‐inflammatory, analgesic, anti‐HIV, antioxidant, anticonvulsant, antitubercular, antidiabetic, antileishmanial, antihistaminic, antimalarial properties, among others. By presenting insights into the substitution patterns around the benzimidazole/benzothiazole nucleus, this review aims to assist medicinal chemists in developing structure–activity relationships (SAR) for benzimidazole/benzothiazole‐based drugs and compounds, thereby aiding in the advancement of medicinal research.
Experimental Verification of Inter Relation between Fowler–Nordheim and Millikan–Lauritsen Plot in Chemically Synthesized Zinc Oxide System
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Banerjee Diptonil
Published: October 2024

Cold cathode emission or cold field emission (CFE) is a purely quantum mechanical phenomenon and a phenomenon of wonder. The exact science behind the observed current (I)–voltage (V) is yet to be pin pointed. For instance, a good cold emitter is very reasonably supposed to have low work function and good conductivity whereas a carbon allotropes like diamonds have just the reverse in both the cases, i.e., it is insulating in nature having very wide band gap as well as high work function yet it is considered to be an efficient field emitter. Since early of 20th century, till its middle a number of groups have suggested different equations or relations that can adequately describe the experimental CFE I–V characteristics adequately. Although they all fundamentally follow an exponential law, but so far, the relation suggests by Fowler and Nordheim (F–N) is the most accepted one. However, there is another relationship suggested by Millikan and Lauritsen (M–L) which is in spite of being reasonable not so common now a day to use. This work revisits different popular approaches for analyzing cold emission data. With this aim, the experimental CFE data obtained for chemically synthesized zinc oxide nanorods are chosen. The proper phase formation of ZnO is confirmed by XRD study whereas FESEM shows the rod like morphology. EDX confirms the proper stoichiometric ratio for the sample. After detail analysis it is confirmed that the theoretically proposed relation between F–N and M–L experimentally holds good as well and thus it would not be wrong to analyze the CFE data by simple M–L theory.
Tuning Electrochemical Performance of Polymer Electrolyte Films through Metal Oxide Incorporation
Authors: Sharma Prabhakar , Kumar Kailash , Pandey Shri Prakash , Banerjee Diptonil
Published: October 2024

With the escalating global energy demand, the exploration of alternative, easily accessible, and cost‐effective energy sources has become imperative. The diminishing reserves of conventional energy resources underscore the urgency to transition towards renewable energy. Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have gained prominence for energy storage electrochemical devices due to their high flexibility and favorable electrode–electrolyte interactions. This study focuses on synthesizing nano cuprous oxide (CuO) semiconductors via the precipitation method. The prepared CuO nanofiller is homogeneously dispersed into a polymer electrolyte solution. Utilizing the solution cast method, free‐standing polymer electrolyte films are fabricated, exhibiting commendable mechanical stability. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) serves as the host material, with potassium iodide (KI) salt, forming the basis for the polymer electrolyte. The resultant electrolyte films underwent comprehensive characterization for their electrical and optical properties. The investigation aims to identify the optimal composition of the electrolyte film with superior conductivity. The selected composition will be employed in the fabrication of various electrochemical devices, demonstrating the potential for enhanced energy storage applications. This work not only contributes to the synthesis of advanced solid polymer electrolyte films but also paves the way for the development of efficient and sustainable energy storage solutions in the realm of renewable energy technologies.
Listeria monocytogenes in the seafood industry: Exploring contamination sources, outbreaks, antibiotic susceptibility and genetic diversity
Authors: Lambrechts Karlene , Rip Diane
Published: October 2024

Fish and seafood are rich sources of protein, vitamins, and minerals, significantly contributing to individual health. A global increase in consumption has been observed. Listeria monocytogenes is a known problem in food processing environments and is found in various seafood forms, including raw, smoked, salted, and ready‐to‐eat. Without heat treatment and given L. monocytogenes' ability to multiply under refrigerated conditions, consuming seafood poses a substantial health hazard, particularly to immunocompromised individuals. Numerous global outbreaks of listeriosis have been linked to various fish products, underscoring the importance of studying L. monocytogenes. Different strains exhibit varying disease‐causing abilities, making it crucial to understand and monitor the organism's virulence and resistance aspects for food safety. This paper aims to highlight the genetic diversity of L. monocytogenes found in fish products globally and to enhance understanding of contamination routes from raw fish to the final product.
A Critical State Constitutive Model for Methane Hydrate‐Bearing Sediments Considering Hydrate Pore‐Filling and Cementing Effects
Authors: Zhu Bin , Yuan Simin , Wang Lujun , Liu Yanjing , Chen Yunmin
Published: October 2024

To safely and effectively explore the natural methane hydrate, it is crucial to examine the mechanical behavior of methane hydrate‐bearing sediments (MHBSs). Natural methane hydrate unevenly distributes in pores or bonds with soil particles in MHBS, changing the mechanical behavior of MHBS including stiffness, shear strength, and dilatancy. This paper presents an anisotropic critical state model for MHBS considering hydrate pore‐filling and cementing effects. Based on the unified critical state model for both clay and sand, an equivalent hydrate ratio is defined to address pore‐filling effect. Cohesive strength and its hardening law are introduced to characterize hydrate cementation. To describe the anisotropic behavior, the inherent anisotropy of soil particles and hydrates are modeled separately, and rotation hardening is introduced to describe the stress‐induced anisotropy. Comparisons with existing triaxial tests of both synthetic and natural MHBS demonstrate that the proposed model comprehensively describes the mechanical behavior of MHBS. Detailed predictions indicate that hydrate pore‐filling affects the hydrate‐dependent stiffness and dilatancy of MHBS, which become more pronounced with increasing hydrate saturation. Cementing effect increases the initial stiffness and peak strength of MHBS. The pronounced influence of inherent anisotropic parameters on pre‐peak stress–strain relation of MHBS is noted, and increasing hydrate saturation enhances the effect of hydrate anisotropy. These predictions contribute to a better understanding of the relation between hydrate morphologies and MHBS mechanical properties.
Correlation of Lymph Node Characteristics and Extranodal Extension in Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Wenzel Piper A. , Van Meeteren Steven L. , Pagedar Nitin A. , Buchakjian Marisa R.
Published: October 2024

Objective

Identify correlations between lymph node characteristics and extranodal extension (ENE).

Study Design

Retrospective chart review.

Setting

Tertiary care center.

Methods

Patients who underwent neck dissection for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma from 2004 to 2018 were included, with a starting sample of 496. The primary outcome was ENE in at least 1 lymph node. Additional variables included number of dissected nodes, positive nodes by level, positive lymph node ratio (LNR), and diameter of metastatic deposit and ENE focus. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were performed to determine correlations between included variables and ENE.

Results

Of the 496 patients, 233 had nodal metastasis (47.0%). 13,814 nodes were removed, with 714 (5.2%) containing metastasis. Of the positive nodes, 28.0% had ENE, 47.2% did not have ENE, and 24.8% were unknown. The mean ENE diameter was 5.1 mm (SD, 9.9). On univariate logistic regression analysis, ipsilateral neck LNR per 0.1 unit increase (odds ratio [OR] 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02‐1.32, P = .02), metastatic deposit size per 1 mm increase (OR 1.06, CI 1.04‐1.08, P < .0001), and clinical T‐ (P = .02) and N‐class (P = .0003) significantly correlated with ENE. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, size of metastatic deposit (OR 1.06, CI 1.03‐1.08, P < .0001) remained significantly correlated with ENE.

Conclusion

Controlling for confounding variables, size of metastatic deposit was an independent predictor of ENE, suggesting that as the metastatic deposit size increases, the odds of extension through the capsule also increases. This may be due to capsule thinning as the deposit grows or could represent the invasive nature of aggressive disease.
The Influence of MoS2 Thickness on the Efficiency of Solar Energy Conversion in TiO2/MoS2/P3HT Cells
Authors: Kollbek Kamila , Jarosiński Łukasz , Dąbczyński Paweł , Jabłoński Piotr , Gajewska Marta , Jeleń Piotr , Rysz Jakub , Szaciłowski Konrad , Przybylski Marek
Published: October 2024

In the era of global energy crisis, more attention is paid to efficient energy harvesting from renewable sources. Solar power is one of those widely utilized, yet the efficiency of devices converting energy needs to be constantly improved. One of the ideas is to create solar cells that benefit from 2D van der Waals structures combined with other materials such as TiO2 and conductive polymers. Such hybrid solar cells show higher power conversion compared to non‐composite photovoltaic devices. In this work, a TiO2/MoS2 heterojunction created in the magnetron sputtering process was covered with a P3HT polymer coating. Composite multilayer systems were investigated (TEM, XRD, Raman spectroscopy and TOF‐SIMS) to define the composition, optical properties and solar energy conversion potential. The photovoltaic response of the multilayer system was successfully improved by MoS2 band gap engineering based on the quantum size effect. Furthermore, TiO2/MoS2/P3HT revealed enhanced optical properties and improved charge transport performance with reasonable energy band alignment. The photovoltaic efficiency of hybrid cells doubled compared to previously published work and reached 2.7%. Furthermore, the photovoltaic performance of the solar cells based on TiO2/MoS2/P3HT exhibited an improvement compared to that of the solar cell based on TiO2/P3HT or MoS2/P3HT.
Clinical Significance Unveiled: Understanding the Meaning of FACE‐Q Skin Cancer Scores for Improved Patient Care
Authors: Veldhuizen Inge J. , Dusza Stephen W. , Kuo Alyce , Aleisa Abdullah , Blue Elliot , Adhikari Sushmita , Nadir Umer , Le Kim , Kazemi Soroush , Sutton Adam V. , Nijhawan Rajiv I. , Eisen Daniel B. , Rossi Anthony M. , Srivastava Divya , Wysong Ashley , Nehal Kishwer S. , Klassen Anne F. , Lee Erica H.
Published: October 2024

Objective

The FACE‐Q Skin Cancer Module is a Patient‐Reported Outcome Measure (PROM) utilized to assess outcomes following facial skin cancer resection. However, the lack of Minimal Important Difference (MID) estimates hinders the interpretability of the PROM scores. This study established MID estimates for the four outcome scales from the FACE‐Q Skin Cancer Module using distribution‐based methods.

Methods

A prospective cohort study at four hospitals in the United States, enrolled participants who underwent Mohs Micrographic Surgery (MMS) for facial skin cancer between April 2020 and April 2022. Participants completed the Satisfaction with Facial Appearance, Appearance‐related Psychosocial Distress, Cancer Worry, and Appraisal of Scars scales at four time points: pre‐operatively, 2‐week, 6‐month, and 1‐year post‐surgery.

Results

A total of 990 patients participated in the study, with completion rates of 98.4% for the pre‐operative assessment, 70.8% at 2 weeks, 59.3% at 6 months, and 60.4% at 1 year. MID estimates, calculated using 0.2 standard deviation and 0.2 standardized response mean, were determined for the four scales. The mean MID estimates, based on a Rasch transformed score ranging from 0 to 100, were 5 for the Appraisal of Scars scale and 4 for the remaining three scales.

Conclusion

This multicenter study provides valuable MID estimates for the FACE‐Q Skin Cancer Module, specifically for the MMS patient population, enabling clinicians and researchers to better interpret scores, determine appropriate sample sizes, and apply the findings in clinical care.
Prescribed‐Time Control via Dynamic‐High‐Gain Output Feedback
Authors: Wang Yuan , Liu Yungang
Published: October 2024

In this article, we propose a new strategy for prescribed‐time stabilization of uncertain nonlinear systems via continuous adaptive output feedback. Notably, the systems allow non‐parameterized unknown nonlinearities and particularly permit unknown control directions for the first time. The two ingredients lead to the stabilization rather intractable and appeal to new methods and analysis routes. Following a conversion idea, we transform the system in finite‐time horizon into a new system with strong time‐variants in infinite‐time horizon. Integrated with a capable dynamic high gain and an unbounded time‐varying gain, a new concise observer which owns control‐free and tractable error dynamics is worked out for the new system. We particularly exploit a new set of time‐varying scalings, to devise a weakly time‐varying entire system whose boundedness amounts to the wanted prescribed‐time convergence. From the entire system, the adaptive controller design is conducted. The high gain, which is endowed with tailored dynamics, is integrated with (sufficiently smooth) pseudosign and pseudo‐dead‐zone functions to largely simplify the design and analysis.
Phase I/II Design for Selecting Subgroup‐Specific Optimal Biological Doses for Prespecified Subgroups
Authors: Porter Sydney , Murray Thomas A. , Eaton Anne
Published: October 2024

We propose a phase I/II trial design to support dose‐finding when the optimal biological dose (OBD) may differ in two prespecified patient subgroups. The proposed design uses a utility function to quantify efficacy‐toxicity trade‐offs, and a Bayesian model with spike and slab prior distributions for the subgroup effect on toxicity and efficacy to guide dosing and to facilitate identifying either subgroup‐specific OBDs or a common OBD depending on the resulting trial data. In a simulation study, we find the proposed design performs nearly as well as a design that ignores subgroups when the dose‐toxicity and dose‐efficacy relationships are the same in both subgroups, and nearly as well as a design with independent dose‐finding within each subgroup when these relationships differ across subgroups. In other words, the proposed adaptive design performs similarly to the design that would be chosen if investigators possessed foreknowledge about whether the dose‐toxicity and/or dose‐efficacy relationship differs across two prespecified subgroups. Thus, the proposed design may be effective for OBD selection when uncertainty exists about whether the OBD differs in two prespecified subgroups.
From Corn Starch to Nanostructured Magnetic Laser‐Induced Graphene Nanocomposite
Authors: Sankaran Sreenadh Thaikkattu , Dallinger Alexander , Bressi Anna Chiara , Marino Attilio , Ciofani Gianni , Szkudlarek Aleksandra , Bilovol Vitaliy , Sokolowski Krystian , Kunert Birgit , Hampel Hana Kristin , Bernal Hilda Gomez , Greco Francesco
Published: October 2024

Laser‐Induced Graphene (LIG) is a 3D, conductive, porous material with a high surface area, produced by laser irradiation of synthetic polymers with high thermal stability. Recently, the focus has shifted toward sustainable bioderived and biodegradable precursors, such as lignocellulosic materials. Despite starch being an abundant and cost‐effective biopolymer, direct laser scribing on starch‐derived precursors has not yet been explored. This study demonstrates that corn starch bioplastic (SP) can be converted into LIG through iron‐catalyzed laser‐induced pyrolysis, using Fe(NO₃)₃ as an additive. The impact of iron additive concentration on LIG formation and on its properties is investigated, with only certain concentrations yielding reliable and reproducible results. The investigation of LIG's crystal structure reveals magnetic and non‐magnetic iron phases: γ‐Fe₂O₃, Fe₃C, and Fe(C). The LIG nanocomposite exhibits soft magnetic properties, with a coercive field of Hc ≈ 200 Oe and a saturation magnetization of Ms ≈ 67 emu g⁻¹. The SP substrate degrades almost entirely in soil within 12 days and is unaffected by the addition of Fe(NO₃)₃, allowing for material compostability in line with circular economy principles. Consequently, SP stands out as a promising “green” precursor for magnetic LIG, paving the way for sustainable applications in environmental remediation.
Experimental Validation of Density Functional Theory Predictions on Structural Water Impact in Vanadium Oxide Cathodes for Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wei Mengdong , Zhang Yu , Gu Yaoyu , Wang Zhiwen , Ye Hang , Wang Yang , Qu Shaojie , Hu Kuan , Zhao Junqi , Liu Chunsheng , Jia Dianzeng , Lin He
Published: October 2024

This study combines experimental methods with density flooding theory (DFT) calculations to investigate the enhancement of the electrochemical performance of vanadium oxide cathodes for aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) through strategic water content management. DFT predictions indicated that a moderate presence of structural water optimizes electrical conductivity and facilitates zinc ion diffusion. These theoretical insights are empirically validated by synthesizing AlVO‐1.6 H2O using a hydrothermal method, which exhibited superior electrochemical properties. This material demonstrated an impressive initial capacity of 316 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1, with robust capacity retention after extended cycling. Remarkably, even at an elevated current density of 10 A g−1, it sustains a capacity of 161.6 mAh g−1, while maintaining a capacity retention of 97.6% over 2000 cycles. The results confirm that adjusting the structural water content in vanadium oxides significantly boosts their electrochemical capabilities, aligning experimental outcomes with computational forecasts and showcasing a novel approach for developing high‐performance cathodes in energy storage technologies.
Oxygen and Electron Storage Effects in W‐Modified Ceria Catalysts for Ammonia Conversion
Authors: Guo Zi‐Yi , Chen Cui‐Rong , Szeto Kai C. , Taoufik Mostafa , Wang Zhi‐Qiang , Gong Xue‐Qing
Published: October 2024

Tungsten‐modified CeO2 is an excellent catalyst for the catalytic conversion of ammonia. However, the geometric and electronic properties of this catalyst and the detailed reaction mechanisms are not well understood. In this work, the potential configurations of various monomer tungsten oxides supported on the CeO2(111) surface (WOX(x = 0–4)/CeO2(111)) are systematically studied and their relative stabilities are evaluated by using on‐site Coulomb interaction corrected density functional theory calculations. Their performances are also investigated in enhancing the catalytic efficiency of NH3 adsorption and activation. It is found that the WOx clusters can always form tetrahedron‐like structures on the CeO2(111) surface, and the CeO2(111) can exhibit both oxygen‐ and electron‐storage roles to help the WOX maintain such tetrahedron‐like WO4 structures and keep the W species at the highest 6+ state. Moreover, the flexibility of the tetrahedral WO4 structure leads to the preferential heterolytic NH3 dissociation at the WO sites, forming stable WNH2 and OH species. This study deepens the understanding of the unique oxygen‐ and electron‐storage effects of the CeO2 support, it also provides valuable insights into the extraordinary catalytic properties of the W‐modified CeO2 in NH3 conversion, paving the way for the rational design of more efficient CeO2‐based NH3 treatment catalysts.
Homogeneous Integration of Polyoxometalates and Titania into Crumpled Layers
Authors: Akram Bilal , Musawar Syeda Sundas , Mumtaz Sanam , Nazir Fozia , Umer Palwisha , Liu Qingda
Published: October 2024

The crumpling and buckling in nanosheets are anticipated to provide new characteristics that could not be observed in ideal flat layers. However, the rigid lattice structure of inorganic metal oxides limits their assembly into well‐defined crumpled layers. Here, this study demonstrates that at the sub‐nm scale, polyoxometalates (POMs) clusters having well‐defined structures can intercede during the nucleation process of titania and co‐assemble with nuclei to form uniform, large‐sized crumpled binary 2D layers with a thickness of 2 nm. The obtained crumpled layers are then used as a support material to immobilize Pd nanoclusters with an average size of 2 nm. Pd‐immobilized crumpled layers are employed as heterogeneous catalysts for the partial hydrogenation of acetylene. This structurally and compositionally unique heterogeneous catalyst manifests exceptional selectivity to cis‐alkene with almost 100% yield as compared to commercially available titania which only exhibits 10% diphenylacetylene conversion and 42% selectivity in the given period of time.
Unveiling the dynamic evolution of innovation networks in emerging economies: A complex network approach
Authors: Wang Zeqian , Wang Chengjun , Sun Xiaoming
Published: October 2024

The innovation network of enterprises in emerging economies is a complex system, comprising numerous interconnected elements. In the context of a dynamic and volatile market, innovation entities evolve the evolution of the local world through collaborative innovation and interactions. To accurately replicate the actual dynamics of the enterprise innovation network, an in‐depth analysis is essential to delineate the growth and reduction mechanisms of diverse nodal entities. This research, based on the classical complex network paradigm, proposes a model that is based on preferential attachment and pruning mechanisms. This model reflects the evolutionary trajectory of enterprise innovation networks and was subjected to simulation analysis using MATLAB. The findings prove that simulation is an effective analytical tool for understanding the evolutionary mechanisms of innovation networks within emerging economies. The model clearly demonstrates the complex evolution of enterprise innovation networks, providing both theoretical foundations and practical guidance for strategic resource allocation and network governance within corporate environments.
‘The veterinary profession must condemn intensive pig farming’
Authors: McCulloch Steven
Published: October 2024

Steven McCulloch argues that the global intensive pig farming industry does not meet the welfare needs of pigs and that the veterinary profession should and must withdraw all support.
Algebraic expressions for convective solute transport in a homogeneous soil below a surface barrier
Authors: Zhang Zhuanfang Fred
Published: October 2024

Engineered surface barriers are expected to be used to cover sites containing buried waste radionuclides after site closure. Understanding the transport of contaminants in the soil below a surface barrier is of importance in order to protect the underlying groundwater. The travel velocity of these contaminants is dependent on numerous factors, such as the thickness, properties, the pre‐barrier hydrologic condition of the vadose zone, and the initial depths and properties of the contaminants. Although solute transport can be modeled with numerical modeling using site‐specific data, by nature a numerical method does not reveal the relationship between inputs and outputs. This work develops algebraic expressions of the velocities of convective solute transport in the vadose zone below a surface barrier, time lag, solute safe depth, zero‐protection depth of a surface barrier, and solute travel time to the groundwater. This development shows that solute convection in the soil with a surface barrier consists of up to three stages: constant high velocity, decreasing velocity, and constant low velocity. Solute transport based on the algebraic expressions was verified against numerical simulations. The algebraic expressions may be used to assess the expected impacts of a surface barrier to the convective transport of contaminants in the vadose zone.
Circulating extracellular vesicle-carried PTP1B and PP2A phosphatases as regulators of insulin resistance
Authors: Ali Sakina , Vidal-Gómez Xavier , Piquet Megan , Vergori Luisa , Simard Gilles , Dubois Séverine , Ducluzeau Pierre-Henri , Pomiès Pascal , Kamli-Salino Sarah , Delibégovic Mirela , Henni Samir , Gagnadoux Frédéric , Andriantsitohaina Ramaroson , Martínez M. Carmen ,   on behalf of the Metabol Study Group
Published: October 2024

Aims/hypothesis

Metabolic disorders associated with abdominal obesity, dyslipidaemia, arterial hypertension and hyperglycaemia are risk factors for the development of insulin resistance. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) may play an important role in the regulation of metabolic signalling pathways in insulin resistance and associated complications.

Methods

Circulating large EVs (lEVs) and small EVs (sEVs) from individuals with (IR group) and without insulin resistance (n-IR group) were isolated and characterised. lEVs and sEVs were administered by i.v. injection to mice and systemic, adipose tissue and liver insulin signalling were analysed. The role of phosphatases was analysed in target tissues and cells.

Results

Injection of lEVs and sEVs from IR participants impaired systemic, adipose tissue and liver insulin signalling in mice, while EVs from n-IR participants had no effect. Moreover, lEVs and sEVs from IR participants brought about a twofold increase in adipocyte size and adipogenic gene expression. EVs from IR participants expressed two types of phosphatases, phosphotyrosine 1 phosphatase (PTP1B) and protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A), IR lEVs being enriched with the active form of PTP1B while IR sEVs mainly carried active PP2A. Blockade of PTP1B activity in IR lEVs fully restored IRS1 and Akt phosphorylation in adipocytes and blunted insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation by inhibition of the macrophage secretome in hepatocytes. Conversely, blockade of PP2A activity in IR sEVs completely prevented insulin resistance in adipocytes and hepatocytes.

Conclusions/interpretation

These data demonstrate that inhibition of phosphatases carried by EVs from IR participants rescues insulin signalling in adipocytes and hepatocytes and point towards PTP1B and PP2A carried by IR EVs as being novel potential therapeutic targets against insulin resistance in adipose tissue and liver and the development of obesity.

Graphical Abstract
Postmortem interval estimation of human skeletonized remains through luminol chemiluminescence
Authors: Ermida Catarina , Rosa Joana , Cunha Eugénia , Ferreira Maria Teresa
Published: October 2024

Postmortem interval (PMI) estimation represents a significant challenge in the forensic sciences, particularly when dealing with human skeletal remains. A screening protocol for distinguishing possible remains of forensic interest is a crucial tool for judicial purposes. In this context, luminol chemiluminescence emerges as a promising method, with low overall costs and required time. This method is primarily used as a presumptive test, based on the understanding that the intensity of the chemiluminescence reactions decreases with an increase in the postmortem interval, thus underlining its practical implications.

This research aims to expand previous research on the potential of luminol chemiluminescence, evaluating its usefulness in estimating PMI. Our sample comprised 239 human clavicles, with known PMI. The luminol solution was sprayed on each powder bone sample in a dark room, observed by the naked eye and photographed. The intensity of the chemiluminescence reaction was measured using a binary and a 5-level scale.

The present results reveal that this method is a suitable tool for PMI estimation as a presumptive test, reducing time and costs in criminal investigations. The findings underscore the high sensitivity of luminol chemiluminescence for detecting recent PMI but also highlight a notable incidence of false positives. Thus, our results confirm luminol chemiluminescence as a powerful tool for dating time of death, particularly for identifying forensic relevant remains. Still, the relatively low specificity indicates that it should be complemented with additional tests for further confirmation and scientific validation of the remains’ forensic relevance.