bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oligonychus afrasiaticus (Mcgregor) : Problématiques d’infection du palmier dattier et son contrôle : Révision de littérature
Authors: Bennour Chaker , Ben Belgacem Ali , Hamza Hammadi , Ben Nasr Hmed
Published: May 2022

Oligonychus afrasiaticus constitue l’un des acariens les plus destructifs du palmier dattier. Il est très répandu dans le monde. Diverses stratégies sont utilisées dans sa lutte sans qu’elles réussissent, toutefois, à l’éliminer. On décrit dans cet article la biologie de l’espèce ainsi que les méthodes chimiques et biologiques utilisées dans son contrôle et on finit par poser certaines problématiques relatives à la cause de son émergence et les refuges qui abritent cet acarien durant tous les mois de l’année.
Effets de l’apport en Bois Raméal Fragmenté (BRF) sur les caractéristiques physico-chimiques du sol oasien du Sud Tunisien
Authors: Dhaouadi Latifa , Karbout Nissaf , Zoughari Bouthaina
Published: May 2022

L’amendement du sol avec des branches, notamment avec des bois rameaux fragmentes (BRF), suscite un intérêt croissant chez les agriculteurs et les services de vulgarisation, Cet article présente les résultats concernant l’effet d’apports enfouis de BRF sur le sol oasien de la zone de Tozeur dans deux sites différentes oasis El Manachie et oasis de CRAAO. L’apport de BRF a généralement un effet positif sur les propriétés physico-hydriques du sol (humidité, porosité structure), enrichit le sol en matière organique, stimule l’activité biologique, et accroit la disponibilité des nutriments à moyen terme. Les effets des BRF sont modules par plusieurs facteurs, comme la dose, la périodicité, la dimension des fragments, etc. Mais à long terme le BRF peut causer des effets néfastes sur la salinité du sol s’il est utilisé d’une manière non contrôlé.
Fairness in International Taxation: The Ability-to-Pay Case for Taxing Worldwide Income
Authors: Fleming, Jr. J. Clifton , Peroni Robert J. , Shay Stephen E.
Published: May 2022

Copyright © 2001 by J. Clifton Fleming, Jr., Robert J. Peroni & Stephen E. Shay. All rights reserved.The ability-to-pay fairness concept is a key factor underlying the historic U.S. policy of relying principally on the income tax to finance federal government expenditures. Indeed a major justification for this reliance, as opposed to significant dependence on consumption levies, is that the income tax is a system for spreading the costs of government in a way that advances fairness by giving substantial deference to comparative ability-to-pay.Consequently, one would expect tax policy analysts to routinely examine the equity implications of international income tax rules by applying the fairness criterion with the same rigor as in the domestic context. But surprisingly, there has been relatively little discussion in the literature regarding the role of the ability-to-pay concept in analyzing international tax policy issues. This may be because the composition of international investment historically has been dominated by the direct foreign investments of multinational corporations, which pose perplexing issues in evaluating fairness concerns. Even if true, however, this is an inadequate reason to forego analysis of fairness considerations when scrutinizing the important international dimension of a modern income tax. In this article, we examine the role that fairness concerns, embedded in the abilityto-pay concept, play in justifying the U.S. policy of taxing U.S. residents on their worldwide incomes.
Charities and the Constitution: Evaluating the Role of Constitutional Principles in Determining the Scope of Tax Laws Public Policy Limitation for Charities
Authors: Brennen David A.
Published: May 2022

©2002 David A. BrennenThe judicial assault on constitutionally permissible social justice efforts including affirmative action for minorities and ending discrimination against homosexuals continues. Through the rubric of neutrality, equality and free expression, courts today are using constitutional law principles to arrest efforts by state and federal governments either to (1) remedy present effects of historical discrimination or (2) end current discrimination. Accordingly, various federal circuit courts have interpreted Equal Protection Clause strict scrutiny as prohibiting government from considering race as a factor when making university admissions decisions or granting scholarships. Thus, it is not inconceivable that the Supreme Court might soon rule that a state schools consideration of race, in order to obtain a more diverse student body, violates Equal Protection Clause strict scrutiny  either because racial diversity is not compelling or because considering race is not necessary. Additionally, the Supreme Court invalidated, under the guise of free expression, state law attempts to lessen discrimination against homosexuals.
One Flesh, Two Taxpayers: A New Approach to Marriage and Wealth Transfer Taxation
Authors: Crawford Bridget J.
Published: May 2022

Marriage is an excellent estate planning strategy. Generally speaking one spouse can transfer assets to the other during life and at death without adverse estate or gift tax consequences. This has two principal economic advantages. First the tax-free status of marital transfers allows a comparatively wealthy husband or wife to shift assets to his or her less wealthy spouse so that each may take maximum advantage of all available tax deductions, exemptions, exclusions, special valuation rules, credits and lower tax rates. Second the taxfree status of marital transfers allows a married couple to postpone the payment of estate tax until the death of the second spouse. For these reasons property transfers between spouses form the cornerstone of the vast majority of married couples’ estate plans.In permitting tax-free transfers during life and at death, the federal wealth transfer tax system treats a married couple as a single taxpayer. Just as marriage causes a man and woman to “become one flesh” for biblical purposes, it causes them to become one taxpayer for federal estate and gift tax purposes. The tax law embraces a “one flesh, one taxpayer” approach to marital wealth transfers
Whatever Happened To Subpart F? U.S. CFC Legislation after the Check-the-Box Regulations
Authors: Lokken Lawrence
Published: May 2022

The U.S. Congress, in 1962, enacted provisions commonly known as subpart F, under which U.S. shareholders of controlled foreign corporations (CFCs) are taxed on their ratable shares of some corporate income, whether or not distributed. A U.S. shareholder is a U.S. person who owns at least 10% of a foreign corporation's voting stock, directly, indirectly, or constructively. A foreign corporation is a CFC if more than 50% of its stock, by vote or value, is so owned by U.S. shareholders.Apart from subpart F, the United States taxes shareholders on corporate income only as it is distributed to them as dividends.Because domestic corporations are taxed on their worldwide incomes,  the lack of a shareholder-level tax on undistributed corporate income does not insulate this income from U.S. taxation. However, a foreign corporation is subject to U.S. tax on only [*187]  income effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States and certain income from U.S. sources, even if its shareholders are U.S. persons. Thus, apart from subpart F, the United States imposes no tax on foreign income of U.S.-owned foreign corporations until it is distributed to the shareholders or the shareholders sell their shares.
Horizontal and Vertical Equity in Taxation as Constitutional Principles: Germany and the United States Contrasted
Authors: Ordower Henry
Published: May 2022

Germany's Basic Law assigns primary jurisdiction over constitutional issues to Germany's Constitutional Court and requires other courts to suspend their proceedings and refer constitutional issues that are critical to resolution of any pending case to the Constitutional Court. In the United States, the Supreme Court has broad appellate and, in some cases, original jurisdiction; and its authority to review legislative action for conflict  [*262]  with the Constitution became clear early in the Court's history. Unlike Germany, however, lower courts also have jurisdiction to decide constitutional issues, subject of course to eventual Supreme Court review.While the U.S. Supreme Court has resolved many tax controversies, with taxpayers raising constitutional questions in a number of cases addressing questions of federal tax law, only infrequently has the Court found a federal taxing statute to violate a constitutionally protected right or privilege. Rarely has the Supreme Court looked to the Constitution and decided that a federal tax law violated the Constitution. Never has the Supreme Court held a federal tax law to conflict with the Bill of Rights. Many more decisions involve challenges to state tax statutes as in conflict with the U.S. Constitution. Often those state law cases combine claims under several provisions of the Constitution, including the Commerce Clause, Due Process, and Equal Protection. In reviewing state tax [*263]  statutes for compliance with constitutional standards, the Court consistently has applied its "rational basis test," its least intrusive standard of review. Under that test, a statute is valid so long as the legislature has a rational basis for its enactment. The decisions predominantly uphold the state taxing statute. Occasionally, the Court limits states' taxing power or their tax collection authority over non- residents.
A New Model for Identifying Basis in Life Insurance Policies: Implementation and Deference
Authors: Gans Mitchell M. , Soled Jay A.
Published: May 2022

The life insurance marketplace has changed significantly. Many insureds who once held their policy until death or surrendered it to the issuing company during life now instead sell it to a third-party investor. As a result, the computation of a policy's tax basis has become increasingly important. Yet, surprisingly, the Code fails to provide a methodology for making this determination. The IRS has endorsed one approach in its published guidance but has failed to adhere to it in its private letter rulings. This paper calls for a new model. After suggesting legislation, the paper explores alternative implementation strategies against the backdrop of deference jurisprudence. It concludes that, absent legislation, the IRS should withdraw its published guidance and incorporate the proposed model in regulations.
A Structural Critique of Trader Taxation
Authors: Oei Shu-Yi
Published: May 2022

Taxpayers who are securities traders are subject to unusual treatment under the tax law. Such a taxpayer is, like any other merchant or businessperson, allowed to deduct various expenses incurred in his business of trading securities but, unlike any other merchant or businessperson, is simultaneously allowed to treat gains and losses from the sale of such securities as capital, rather than ordinary, gains and losses. Such capital gains and losses may be taxed at reduced rates and subject to other different tax treatments. Since the enactment of IRC section 475(f) in 1997, traders have also been allowed to make a special election to “mark to market” gains and losses from their securities-trading activities. Making this election allows a trader to recognize gains and losses on the securities he holds as if those securities were sold at fair market value on the last business day of the trader’s taxable year, and to convert such gains or losses to ordinary, rather than capital, gains or losses.The distinctive tax treatment of securities traders has been frequently pointed out, and various commentators have noted that, although the standards for qualifying for trader treatment are uncertain, favorable planning opportunities arise upon achieving such classification. However, the structural elements of the tax law underlying trader tax treatment and the problems created by this statutory structure have somewhat escaped scrutiny. This article approaches the unusual treatment of traders through a structural lens. By focusing on the structure of the statutory tax rules that apply to securities traders, this article explains at the outset how the unusual treatment of securities traders today has occurred due to a long-standing, legislatively created structural disjuncture at the point where the capital asset rules and the “trade or business” concept intersect. This disjuncture was created by the 1934 introduction of the “to customers” requirement into the capital asset statute, that is, the requirement that property otherwise held for sale in the ordinary course of the taxpayer’s trade or business must also be held for sale “to customers” in order to escape being treated as a capital asset. Prior to the 1934 introduction of the “to customers” requirement, the statute was essentially symmetrical in the sense that whether or not a trader–taxpayer was in a “trade or business” led to basically all of the tax consequences to that taxpayer. The introduction of the “to customers” requirement has led to a statutory scheme in which one standard determines the character of the gain or loss from the sale of securities of the trader–taxpayer, but a completely different standard (the trade or business requirement) gives rise to almost all of the other consequences with respect to deductions from gross income that apply to a trader.
Horizontal Equity Revisited
Authors: Repetti James , Ring Diane
Published: May 2022

This Article was originally published as Chapter 6 in THE PROPER TAX BASE: STRUCTURAL FAIRNESS FROM AN INTERNATIONAL AND COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE—ESSAYS IN HONOR OF PAUL MCDANIEL (Yariv Brauner & Martin J. McMahon, Jr. eds., Kluwer Law International, 2012), and is reprinted with permission.No tax policy analysis stands complete without examination of equity implications. But despite its role as a traditional pillar of tax policy analysis, equity itself remains a controversial concept. What is meant by the term equity? How should it be measured? Is there more than one type of equity? What is the relationship of different types of equity to each other? For decades, scholars and policy makers have explored the possibility that equity is best understood as two distinct concepts — vertical equity and horizontal equity — both of which must be evaluated. Horizontal equity (HE) is defined to mean that equals should be treated alike. Vertical equity (VE) is defined to mean that an appropriate distinction should be made in the treatment of people who are not alike.4 Although disagreement exists, HE in our tax system has generally been thought to require that individuals with the same income should pay the same tax. VE has generally been thought to require a progressive rate structure that imposes progressively higher rates on individuals with higher incomes. Despite frequent reliance on both HE and VE in tax policy analysis over the years, scholars have engaged in an active and vibrant debate about whether HE has any significance independent of VE in designing a tax system. This dispute has been best captured by the debate between two economists, Richard Musgrave and Louis Kaplow.
CORREÇÃO DE ILUMINAÇÃO EM IMAGENS CAPTURADAS EM AMBIENTES COM BAIXA LUMINOSIDADE
Authors: Nascimento Luiz Fernando Anadão do , Silva Francisco Assis da , Almeida Leandro Luiz de , Artero Almir Olivette , Piteri Marco Antônio
Published: May 2022

A big obstacle for the Computer Vision area is the quality of the processed input images. As an example, there are dark images, which can be caused by several factors such as low light source at night, adverse weather conditions, among others. This work aims to use images with low lighting for the development of algorithms that help to improve the quality of light and image. Computer Vision techniques were used with the help of the OpenCV library in the development of algorithms to perform smoothing, correlation between minimum and maximum intensities, intensities reinforcement and exposure correction, definition of weight matrix and image enhancement. The results show that the proposed method was able to improve the images, considerably reducing unwanted features, maintaining good lighting and image quality.
Differentiating between direct and indirect hate crime: Results from Poland
Authors: Stefaniak Anna , Winiewski Mikołaj
Published: May 2022

Inspired by individual-level research on direct and indirect as well as reactive and proactive aggression, this article proposes to differentiate direct and indirect types of hate crime. We use the largest hate crime database in Poland (N = 3,153 incidents) to analyze: (1) temporal trends in the relative prevalence of two types of hate crime; (2) the involvement of hate group-affiliated and non-hate group-affiliated perpetrators; and (3) the targeting of victims that are perceived to pose more of a symbolic (vs. more of a realistic threat) to the majority group. Results indicate that direct hate crime was more likely than indirect hate crime to be perpetrated by members and affiliates of hate groups, was more likely to target outgroups seen as posing symbolic rather than realistic threat to the majority group, and was also positively related to societal levels of negative intergroup attitudes and negatively related to unemployment. The findings also show that the two types of hate crime are differently predicted by factors indicative of the social and political climate of the country (e.g., unemployment, political preferences, xenophobia). Although the results were only obtained in one cultural context and will benefit from further validation, they provide very promising initial evidence for the predictive utility of distinguishing direct and indirect hate-crime.
JADPRO Live Virtual 2021: New Paths to Patient Care
Authors: Faiman, PhD, MSN, APRN-BC, AOCN®, FAAN Beth
Published: May 2022

This special issue of JADPRO includes summaries of educational sessions presented at JADPRO Live Virtual 2021.
Clinically Relevant Drug Interactions in the Cancer Setting
Authors: DeRemer, PharmD, BCOP, FCCP, FHOPA David
Published: May 2022

Along with the fast pace of oncology drug approvals is the heightened opportunity for drug-drug, drug-food, and drug-herbal interactions. Attendees at the JADPRO Live Virtual 2021 conference learned about the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic mechanisms of drug interactions and how to integrate appropriate therapeutic management strategies to optimize patient care and minimize the potential outcomes of severe drug interactions.
Direct Oral Anticoagulants and Cancer Thrombosis: What APs Need to Know
Authors: L. Wilks, DNP, APRN, NP-C Mailey
Published: May 2022

Patients with cancer are at high risk for developing cancer-associated blood clots. Mailey L. Wilks, DNP, APRN, NP-C, led a session at JADPRO Live Virtual 2021 on the risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer, available anticoagulants, with a focus on direct oral anticoagulants, and what advanced practitioners should know about the prevention and the treatment of venous thromboembolism.
Oncology Urgent Care Clinics: Understanding Utilization and Best Practices
Authors: Fleming, AGPCNP-BC, AOCNP Cara , Kelly, AGACNP-BC Deirdre
Published: May 2022

An oncology urgent care clinic can improve patient satisfaction, reduce emergency room visits, and lower health-care costs for patients and facilities. At a session taking place at JADPRO Live Virtual 2021, presenters on the frontlines of the development of an oncology urgent care clinic provided the audience with an inside look at metrics, logistics, and workflow used when establishing a successful advanced practitioner-led oncology urgent care clinic.
The Critical Role of Nutrition and Exercise: Optimization in the Patient With Cancer
Authors: Wischmeyer, MD, EDIC, FCCM, FASPEN Paul
Published: May 2022

Undergoing surgery is one of the greatest physical and emotional challenges a patient can face, and doing so without preparation can lead to increased complications and mortality. At JADPRO Live Virtual 2021, Paul Wischmeyer, MD, EDIC, FCCM, FASPEN, emphasized the concepts of nutritional optimization and exercise optimization as being crucial and essential parts of all cancer care to optimize clinical and quality-of-life outcomes.
2020–2021 Drug Updates in Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Hanna, PharmD, BCPS, BCOP Kirollos
Published: May 2022

During JADPRO Live Virtual 2021, Kirollos Hanna, PharmD, BCPS, BCOP, discussed the label indications of drugs and biologics in hematologic malignancies approved from late 2020 to late 2021, including mechanisms of action and various safety profiles so advanced practitioners can manage and treat patients safely with these new and approved therapeutic agents. In particular, CAR T-cell therapies were approved across many hematologic malignancies, along with PI3K inhibitors, anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies, and immunotherapies.
Biomarker Jeopardy
Authors: E. Kurtin, PhD, ANP-C, AOCN Sandra , Henglefelt, PharmD, BCOP Alyssa , Mistry, MS, PA-C Haleigh
Published: May 2022

In the popular Biomarker Jeopardy session, Sandra E. Kurtin, PhD, ANP-C, AOCN®, Alyssa Henglefelt, PharmD, BCOP, and Haleigh Mistry, MS, PA-C, paired biomarkers with tumor types for which their expression is most commonly used to determine targeted therapy, identified key assays used to measure common biomarkers, and discussed guidelines for biomarker testing.
New Frontiers: The Role of CAR T-Cell Therapy in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: McClanahan, APRN Alli , Spychalla, PA-C Megan
Published: May 2022

Multiple myeloma remains the second most common hematologic malignancy, and relapse rates are high, with refractory disease common with each relapse. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)–modified T cells are a promising new treatment, and at JADPRO Live Virtual 2021, presenters compared pivotal trials in CAR T-cell therapy for multiple myeloma, discussed how to recognize and manage common toxicities after CAR T-cell infusion, and reviewed pre-CAR-T consultation and post-CAR-T management.
Concepciones sobre evaluación en educación médica: un camino hacia la transformación
Authors: Linares-Mendoza Gerardo , Figueroa-Avendaño Carlos E. , Rincón-Salazar Adriana Marcela , Alba-Vásquez John Alexander
Published: May 2022

It has been described that teachers' conceptions determine their educational practice.Evaluation can influence the success or failure of students in school. For this reason, teachers'conceptions of evaluation are important to guide their professional development and evaluativepractice. The purpose of this investigation was to identify and categorize the conceptions aboutevaluation in a group of 14 Medical Education master students at a Colombian university duringan evaluation course. Qualitative research was carried out with thematic analysis of the writteninformation collected at the beginning, during, and at the end of the evaluation course. Prior to theanalysis of the documents, the signing of the informed consent by the participants and compliancewith the ethical requirements of research in humans were guaranteed. It was identified that thepreconception about evaluation was focused on the grade. During the course, this preconceptionevolved towards a holistic conception, immersed in the teaching-learning process in whichmultiple actors and resources are involved, and with a clearly formative purpose. For this reason,the documentation of the conceptual transformation on evaluation highlights the need for formaltraining in evaluation focused on health teachers.

Se ha descrito que las concepciones de los docentes condicionan su práctica educativa. La evaluación, puede influir en el éxito o frcaso escolar de los estudiantes; por esto, las concepciones sobre evalución de los docentes cobran importancia para guiar su desarrollo profesional y ejercicio evaluativo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar y categorizar las concepciones sobre evaluación de un grupo de 14 maestrandos de Educación Médica en una universidad colombiana durante el segundo semestre de 2020, en el transcuso de un curso de evaluación. Se realizó una investigación cualitativa con an´álisis temático de la información escrita recolectada al inicio, durante y al final del curso de evaluación. Previo al análisis de los documentos, se garantizó el consentimiento informado de los participantes y el cumplimiento de los requisitos éticos de la investigación en humanos. Se identificó que la preconcepción del grupo sobre evaluación estaba centrada en la calificación. Durante el curso, esta preconcepción evolucionó hacia una concepción holística, inmersa en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje en donde se involucran múltiples actores, recursos y con un proposito formativo. Es por ello por lo que, la documentación de las transformación conceptual sobre evaluación resalta la necesidad de un entrenamiento formal en evaluación dirigido a los docentes de profesionales de la salud
Evgeny Sashko: a person, an artist, a teacher
Authors: Baklyskii Pavel Vladimirovich , Baklyskaia Larisa Evgen'evna
Published: May 2022

The subject of the study is the biography, scientific and pedagogical activity of the Khabarovsk teacher of drawing Evgeny Vyacheslavovich Sashko, the peculiarities of his personality as a person and a teacher. The stages of formation, the main types of creative activity of a teacher in the historical context of the formation of architectural education and the development of methods and technologies of artistic training of architects and designers on the basis of the Pacific National University are considered. For the first time, an attempt was made to recreate an integral creative portrait of E. V. Sashko, whose sphere of interests included decorative and applied art, as well as pedagogical work. He could fruitfully combine artistic creativity and the ability to teach, combining various fields of activity. The methodology of the research is based on a theoretical approach using the method of analysis of scientific works, generalization of pedagogical observations of educational and creative artistic activities, personal memories of authors, conversations with relatives, questionnaires and surveys of colleagues and students. Scientific novelty is associated with the involvement in scientific circulation of biographical sources and educational works of E. V. Sashko (in particular, in the field of architectural drawing techniques), which is mainly of importance for the training and education of young specialists at Pacific State University and other universities of the relevant profile, their professional growth and development. The results of the study are conclusions reflecting the specific contribution of E.V. Sashko in the development of artistic and graphic training of specialists. The method of architectural drawing, one of the main developers of which was E.V. Sashko, to this day serves as the basis for all programs of artistic training of students at the Pacific National University.
The Other Exceptionalism: A Transnational Perspective on Atheism in America
Authors: Zappe Florian
Published: May 2022

The United States constitutes an exceptional case in the complex discourse of unbelief in the Western world. Its providential founding myth of being “God’s own country” established an idiosyncratically American social imaginary molded by what Robert Bellah has defined as the “American civil religion”: a pervasive ideological nexus between the narratives of religion and national identity. This essay shows, on the one hand, how a transnational perspective can contribute to an understanding of the development of this idiosyncrasy. On the other hand, it retraces the distinctly transnational trajectory of some early manifestations of atheist thought in the United States.
Hyperbolic Bodies for Sale: The Figurative Representations of Prostitutes in Tennessee Williams’s Early Works
Authors: Choiński Michał
Published: May 2022

The article examines representations of prostitutes in the early works of Tennessee Williams. The characters of hustlers in two of his two short stories, “In Memory of an Aristocrat” (1940) and “One Arm” (1942-45) as well as one short drama, “Hello from Bertha” (1941), are discussed as representatives of Williams’s employment of the hyperbolic figuration. In the case of each of the three examined characters, Choiński discusses the excessive and contrastive elements of descriptions which allow Williams to investigate the grotesqueness of human physicality on sale.
Adapting, Remaking, Re-visioning: Alex Haley’s Roots in a Triangular Relationship with Its Two Television Adaptations
Authors: Rokosz-Piejko Elżbieta
Published: May 2022

The 1977 television adaptation of Alex Haley’s family saga was an overwhelming (although rather unexpected) success, both in the United States and abroad. The 8-hour miniseries, aired first by the History Channel on Memorial Day 2016, is a new take on the adaptation of Haley’s text, advertised as a remake of the 1977 production. The article refers to the original success of Haley’s text, followed by numerous controversies, and then discusses the appropriation of the story for the 1977 mostly white television audience, to finish up with a discussion of the angle which the 2016 production took, engaging in dialogue with the “iconic” 1977 miniseries.
Role of oxidation of excitation-contraction coupling machinery in age-dependent loss of muscle function in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Dridi Haikel , Forrester Frances , Umanskaya Alisa , Xie Wenjun , Reiken Steven , Lacampagne Alain , Marks Andrew
Published: May 2022

Age-dependent loss of body wall muscle function and impaired locomotion occur within 2 weeks in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans); however, the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In humans, age-dependent loss of muscle function occurs at about 80 years of age and has been linked to dysfunction of ryanodine receptor (RyR)/intracellular calcium (Ca2+) release channels on the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Mammalian skeletal muscle RyR1 channels undergo age-related remodeling due to oxidative overload, leading to loss of the stabilizing subunit calstabin1 (FKBP12) from the channel macromolecular complex. This destabilizes the closed state of the channel resulting in intracellular Ca2+ leak, reduced muscle function, and impaired exercise capacity. We now show that the C. elegans RyR homolog, UNC-68, exhibits a remarkable degree of evolutionary conservation with mammalian RyR channels and similar age-dependent dysfunction. Like RyR1 in mammals, UNC-68 encodes a protein that comprises a macromolecular complex which includes the calstabin1 homolog FKB-2 and is immunoreactive with antibodies raised against the RyR1 complex. Furthermore, as in aged mammals, UNC-68 is oxidized and depleted of FKB-2 in an age-dependent manner, resulting in ‘leaky’ channels, depleted SR Ca2+ stores, reduced body wall muscle Ca2+ transients, and age-dependent muscle weakness. FKB-2 (ok3007)-deficient worms exhibit reduced exercise capacity. Pharmacologically induced oxidization of UNC-68 and depletion of FKB-2 from the channel independently caused reduced body wall muscle Ca2+ transients. Preventing FKB-2 depletion from the UNC-68 macromolecular complex using the Rycal drug S107 improved muscle Ca2+ transients and function. Taken together, these data suggest that UNC-68 oxidation plays a role in age-dependent loss of muscle function. Remarkably, this age-dependent loss of muscle function induced by oxidative overload, which takes ~2 years in mice and ~80 years in humans, occurs in less than 2–3 weeks in C. elegans, suggesting that reduced antioxidant capacity may contribute to the differences in lifespan among species.
Generation of vascularized brain organoids to study neurovascular interactions
Authors: Sun Xin-Yao , Ju Xiang-Chun , Li Yang , Zeng Peng-Ming , Wu Jian , Zhou Ying-Ying , Shen Li-Bing , Dong Jian , Chen Yue-Jun , Luo Zhen-Ge
Published: May 2022

Brain organoids have been used to recapitulate the processes of brain development and related diseases. However, the lack of vasculatures, which regulate neurogenesis and brain disorders, limits the utility of brain organoids. In this study, we induced vessel and brain organoids, respectively, and then fused two types of organoids together to obtain vascularized brain organoids. The fused brain organoids were engrafted with robust vascular network-like structures and exhibited increased number of neural progenitors, in line with the possibility that vessels regulate neural development. Fusion organoids also contained functional blood–brain barrier-like structures, as well as microglial cells, a specific population of immune cells in the brain. The incorporated microglia responded actively to immune stimuli to the fused brain organoids and showed ability of engulfing synapses. Thus, the fusion organoids established in this study allow modeling interactions between the neuronal and non-neuronal components in vitro, particularly the vasculature and microglia niche.
Intrinsic excitability mechanisms of neuronal ensemble formation
Authors: Alejandre-García Tzitzitlini , Kim Samuel , Pérez-Ortega Jesús , Yuste Rafael
Published: May 2022

Neuronal ensembles are coactive groups of cortical neurons, found in spontaneous and evoked activity, that can mediate perception and behavior. To understand the mechanisms that lead to the formation of ensembles, we co-activated layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in brain slices from mouse visual cortex, in animals of both sexes, replicating in vitro an optogenetic protocol to generate ensembles in vivo. Using whole-cell and perforated patch-clamp pair recordings we found that, after optogenetic or electrical stimulation, coactivated neurons increased their correlated activity, a hallmark of ensemble formation. Coactivated neurons showed small biphasic changes in presynaptic plasticity, with an initial depression followed by a potentiation after a recovery period. Optogenetic and electrical stimulation also induced significant increases in frequency and amplitude of spontaneous EPSPs, even after single-cell stimulation. In addition, we observed unexpected strong and persistent increases in neuronal excitability after stimulation, with increases in membrane resistance and reductions in spike threshold. A pharmacological agent that blocks changes in membrane resistance reverted this effect. These significant increases in excitability can explain the observed biphasic synaptic plasticity. We conclude that cell-intrinsic changes in excitability are involved in the formation of neuronal ensembles. We propose an ‘iceberg’ model, by which increased neuronal excitability makes subthreshold connections suprathreshold, enhancing the effect of already existing synapses, and generating a new neuronal ensemble.
Metabolite profiling of Bruguiera cylindrica reveals presence of potential bioactive compounds
Authors: Dahibhate Nilesh Lakshman , Kumar Kundan
Published: May 2022

Bruguiera cylindrica parts are commonly used in Chinese and Indian traditional medicine to treat diarrhea, fever, and many ailments. The present study aims non targeted analysis of key secondary metabolites of B. cylindrica by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography hybrid quadrupole-Exactive-Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap HRMS). GC-MS and UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap HRMS were utilized for metabolic profiling of ethyl acetate extract of B. cylindrica leaves. Key metabolites in the extract were identified and predicted based on chemical similarity using online databases such as ChemSpider and mzCloud. Thirty-six compounds belonging to different classes of secondary metabolites viz. flavonoids, fatty acids, fatty acid amides, carboxylic acids, and alkaloids were identified in the extract. Pentacyclic triterpenes like betulin, ursolic acid and a tropine, an alkaloid with potential pharmacological and therapeutic activities such as anticancer properties, neuromuscular blockers and antioxidants, were also identified. This study combined GC-MS and UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap HRMS with available online database for effective and rapid identification of bioactive metabolites in the ethyl acetate extract of mangrove without individual standard application. This is the first report on the HRMS based secondary metabolic profiling of B. cylindrica, with comprehensive map of its biologically important metabolites.
Transcriptomic signals of mitochondrial dysfunction and OXPHOS dynamics in fast-growth chicken
Authors: Hubert Shawna , Athrey Giridhar
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Birds are equipped with unique evolutionary adaptations to counter oxidative stress. Studies suggest that lifespan is inversely correlated with oxidative damage in birds. Mitochondrial function and performance are critical for cellular homeostasis, but the age-related patterns of mitochondrial gene expression and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in birds are not fully understood. The domestic chicken is an excellent model to understand aging in birds; modern chickens are selected for rapid growth and high fecundity and oxidative stress is a recurring feature in chicken. Comparing fast- and slow-growing chicken phenotypes provides us an opportunity to disentangle the nexus of oxidative homeostasis, growth rate, and age in birds.

Methods and Results

We compared pectoralis muscle gene expression patterns between a fast and a slow-growing chicken breed at 11 and 42 days old. Using RNAseq analyses, we found that mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced oxidative phosphorylation are major features of fast-growth breast muscle, compared to the slow-growing heritage breed. We found transcriptomic evidence of reduced OXPHOS performance in young fast-growth broilers, which declined further by 42 days.

Discussion

OXPHOS performance declines are a common feature of aging. Sirtuin signaling and NRF2 dependent oxidative stress responses support the progression of oxidative damage in fast-growth chicken. Our gene expression datasets showed that fast growth in early life places immense stress on oxidative performance, and rapid growth overwhelms the OXPHOS system. In summary, our study suggests constraints on oxidative capacity to sustain fast growth at high metabolic rates, such as those exhibited by modern broilers.
Contrasting nursery habitats promote variations in the bioenergetic condition of juvenile female red squat lobsters (Pleuroncodes monodon) of the Southern Pacific Ocean
Authors: Guzmán-Rivas Fabián , Quispe Marco , Urzúa Ángel
Published: May 2022

The red squat lobsterPleuroncodes monodonis an important fishery resource in the Humboldt Current System (HCS). This decapod is exploited in two fishing units: (a) the northern fishing unit (NFU, from 26°S to 30°S) and (b) the southern fishing unit (SFU, from 32°S to 37°S), each of which have an adjacent nursery area that is the source of recruits to replace the exploited adult populations (in the NFU: off the coast of Coquimbo (28°S) and in the SFU: off the coast of Concepción (36°S)). Marked spatial differences in the environmental conditions of the NFU and SFU, and the biogeographic break that exists between these nursery areas (30°S) may promote changes in the bioenergetic condition of newP. monodonjuveniles. To evaluate this, we analyzed the bioenergetic condition (measured as: body mass, lipids, proteins, glucose, and energy) of new juvenile females in the main nursery areas off the Chilean coast. The juvenile females from the SFU showed a higher body mass than those from the NFU. Consistently, the juvenile females from the SFU had a higher content of lipids, proteins, and glucose than those from the NFU, indicative of higher energy contents and a higher lipid/protein ratio in the south compared to the north. Considering the current overexploitation of this fishery resource in the HCS, it is essential to understand how the bioenergetic condition of juvenile females ofP. monodonmay vary in nursery areas at different latitudes in order to generate sustainable fishery management policies with an ecological approach, designed specifically to each fishing unit. Furthermore, identifying the latitudinal variations of these biochemical compounds inP. monodonjuveniles can elucidate the geographic origin of red squat lobsters that present a ”better bioenergetic condition” in the HCS, which may significantly benefit sustainable fishing certification processes.
The Voices that Cannot Be Heard: A Phenomenological Study on the Lived Experiences of Deaf Teachers
Authors: Vicente Marvin
Published: May 2022

Employment is described as life-changing for Deaf people. To date, they have few and limited employment opportunities. This phenomenological study focuses on exploring deaf teachers' lived experiences. It is crucial that we gain a better understanding of deaf teachers' experience to generate a new area of focus on deaf people in the employment field. To gain insight into the nature of deaf teachers' occupational experience, a focus group interview was conducted with 3 deaf teachers. Participants were gathered through chain referral sampling, also known as snowballing, where the researcher's chosen participant recruits other participants who might participate in the study. The analysis of the data led to the emergence of six essential themes: (1) professional and personal attribution; (2) equality and inclusion in the workplace; (3) feeling of belongingness and relatedness; (4) support provider; (5) job satisfaction and motivation; and (6) difficulty and challenges. Findings of the study suggest that deaf teachers’ positive working environment and experience can be influenced by professional identity, personal attribution, accommodation, and inclusive practices, relatedness to significant others, support and network, job satisfaction and motivation, and ability to adapt to difficulties and challenges.
Academic Performance in Criminalistics Courses of Senior BS Criminology
Authors: Alday Estee Louise , Medios Ysrael , Rosin Marlon , Adra Marry Jane
Published: May 2022

Researchers are finding the weaknesses and strengths of the students to find the factors to enhance the student’s learning performance at school. This study dealt with the academic performance of Senior BS Criminology students in their criminalistics courses and the activities of 26 males and 24 female students. A descriptive method of research was used in the study. The survey questionnaire was used. Percentage, weighted mean, and ranking of the statistical tools were employed to treat the data. Results show the senior BS Criminology students got above average grades in their criminalistics courses. The identified factors affecting their academic performance were the student and teacher-related factors. Listening attentively, motivation to get high grades, and studying were some of the student-related factors, while mastery of the subject is the topmost factor affecting their performance in terms of teacher-related problems. The students excel in their criminalistics courses, but room for improvement must be made. The academic performance of the students was affected by the relationship between teachers and students in the classroom.
Signs and Symbols in the Ati-Atihan Festival of Kalibo, Aklan, Philippines
Authors: Coldovero Nedy , Aguila Augusto Antonio
Published: May 2022

Festival, or fiesta in the Philippine context, is the most anticipated every year in the country since it becomes an indelible part of Filipino culture. It is more than just a display of garb and gallantry but is also done to commemorate significant events in local history, to honor the town patron’s feast, or to give thanks for an abundant harvest and blessings received throughout the year. The Ati-Atihan Festival of Kalibo, Aklan, Philippines, was analyzed and interpreted using semiotic analysis. It presented the answers to the various meanings shown in the festival as filmed or videotaped. The paper adopted descriptive-qualitative research employing interpretive criticism. There were various signs found in the festival, which were interpreted to have denotative and connotative meanings and were classified as iconic, indexical, and symbolic. There are activities participated by the whole community such as the Mass, novenas, processions, beauty pageants, and many others as their way to express their gratitude to God. The festival acts as a social leveler as people from all walks of life throughout the world converge and interact with one another during the celebration. The festival has also come a long way from its humble origins of pagan lore to become a tourism spectacle of pomp and pageantry.
Correlates of Rural Youth's Socioeconomic Attributes and Attitude towards Rural Development Activities
Authors: Namdeo Siddharth , Naberia Seema
Published: May 2022

Young people in rural areas are a crucial segment of the rural society, and they contribute greatly to agriculture and rural development. The research study was conducted in Majholi block of Jabalpur district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh during the year 2019-20 to comprehend the attitude of youth towards rural development activities. The primary data were collected from 120 rural youth across seven villages by conducting personal interview. A scale constructed by Radhakrishnan and Arunanchalam [1] is used compute the attitude of youths regarding rural development activities. The results indicated that the majority of the youth had favourable attitude towards rural development activities. The education, family type, annual income, source of information achievement motivation, extension contact and social participation of youths were found to be positively and significantly correlated with their attitude towards rural development activities. Hence, the study suggested that there is need to promote rural-based developmental activities and create scope for enrolling and involving youth in developmental activities.
Analysis and Application of TikTok E-commerce "FACT" Operation Matrix under the New Format of Interest E-commerce
Authors: Zhou Gong-Jian
Published: May 2022

Interest-based e-commerce is a kind of e-commerce based on people's aspiration for a better life, meeting users' potential shopping interests and improving consumers' quality of life. TikTok e-commerce, as interest e-commerce, interconnects commodity content with a large number of potential interest users through short videos, live broadcasts and other high-quality content creation and mature recommendation technology, which stimulates the potential demand of users and creates a new incremental market for merchants. In this article, we analyze the new interest e-commerce industry, the characteristics and growth logic of TikTok e-commerce, and break down the value and core operation actions of TikTok e-commerce "FACT" operation matrix. It is expected that merchants can combine their own reality and layout their business strategies around the four FACT business matrices to achieve sustainable user value accumulation and sales growth.
Influence of Spacing and Zinc Application on Growth and Productivity of Baby Corn (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Rohini Gopathi , Singh Vikram , George Shruti G. , Singh Shrish Kumar
Published: May 2022

The present trial was undertaken at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh during the 2021 summer season (Zaid). The test was a Randomized Block Design having three replicates. A total of nine treatments were designed with different levels of spacing and quantity of zinc application. The cultivation land was uniform with sandy loam soil with pH neutral. The soil had low level of organic carbon (0.72%), medium level of available nitrogen (278.28 kg ha-1) and potassium (233.24 kg ha-1) and higher level of phosphorus (27.80 kg ha-1). Amongst all the treatments, T9 with 60 X 20 cm spacing and 25 kgha-1ZnSO4 had the maximum plant height (168.13 cm), number of leaves per plant (13.25), dry plant mass (90.96 g/plant), number of cobs per plant (2.37), length of the cob per plant (18.77 cm), cob weight with husk (47.92 g), cob weight without husk (22.70 g). Further, the maximum crop growth rate (30.45 g/m2/day), cob yield with husk (14.63 t/ha), cob yield without husk (5.09 t/ha) and green fodder yield (28.83 t/ha) was observed for T3 with 40 X 20 cm spacing and 20 kg ha-1ZnSO4.