bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CUIDADO FARMACÊUTICO NA HANSENÍASE E SUA IMPORTÂNCIA PARA A SAÚDE PÚBLICA NO BRASIL
Authors: Nicoletti Maria Aparecida , Takahashi Thamy Miyoshi
Published: September 2020

A hanseníase acomete principalmente nervos superfi ciais da pele e troncos nervosos periféricos além de afetar olhos e órgãos internos que, se não tratada na forma inicial, quase sempre evolui, torna-se transmissível podendo atingir pessoas de qualquer sexo e idade. Segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde, no Brasil, houve uma incidência de 26.875 casos de hanseníase em 2017, ou seja, 12,8% do total global, sendo o segundo país com o maior número de casos novos registrados. É evidente a necessidade de adoção de estratégias para o controle da doença no País e o combate às suas complicações, além da criação de campanhas de conscientização quanto aos principais sintomas e tratamentos disponíveis, e de programas para o enfrentamento da discriminação e inclusão social dos pacientes. Portanto, a educação em saúde e o cuidado farmacêutico nesse contexto são fundamentais e com esse objetivo foi realizada revisão bibliográfica narrativa, com pesquisas em bases de dados científi cas, sites institucionais nacionais e internacionais, guias e diretrizes. A educação em saúde é considerada pela Organização Mundial da Saúde e pelo Ministério da Saúde como uma das ferramentas mais importantes para o combate à hanseníase. A partir da busca foi possível verifi car correlação entre o nível de escolaridade, nível de informação sobre a doença, o diagnóstico precoce e a aderência ao tratamento. Embora as ações do farmacêutico sejam essenciais, saliente-se que todos os profi ssionais da saúde podem desenvolver atividades em nível multiprofi ssional visando à qualidade de vida do indivíduo com hanseníase além da mudança de estigma da enfermidade.
Possible Traffic Safety Effects of the Implementation of Section Control in Hungary
Authors: Sándor Zsolt
Published: September 2020

This article presents the anticipated safety effects of the implantation of section control in Hungary. The proposed results were originated from international studies and the local circumstances. Effects are depending on the control coverage and the magnitude of the sanctions. Direct (short term benefits) and indirect effects (long term benefits) can be identified. Direct effects are the decreasing of accident numbers, while indirect effects are the decrease of other externalities of transport like environmental loads. Based on the results the implementation cost of the enforcement system is measureable with the proposed social cost savings come from the decreasing number of accidents.
Research of the Reduced Mass of the Railway Track
Authors: Kurhan Dmytro , Leibuk Yaroslav
Published: September 2020

In an overall view, a vehicle is described as a system of bodies interconnected by elastic and dissipative couplings. Bodies have a mass concentrated at a point, the movement of which describes their motion. Certain difficulties arise when introducing a railway track into such models. While interacting with the rolling stock, the track operates as an elastic body, and its mass is specified as reduced to the point of interaction. The purpose of this work is to provide a reasonable value of the reduced mass of the railway track depending on its parameters. The task is solved by applying a spatial model of dynamic deformations of the railway track on the basis of the elasticity theory. Such an approach makes it possible to determine which part of the railway track interacts with the wheel based on the propagation of deformations as elastic waves.
PENGUKURAN RISIKO KREDIT DAN PENGUKURAN KINERJA DARI PORTOFOLIO OBLIGASI
Authors: Rizky Bimbi Ardhana , Sudarno Sudarno , Safitri Diah
Published: September 2020

Except getting coupon as a profit, there is loss probability in bond investment that is credit risks investment. One way to measure the credit risk of a bond is to use the credit metrics method. It uses the ratings of the bond issuer company and the transition rating issued by the rating company for its calculations. Mean Variance Efficient Portfolio (MVEP) can be used to make an optimal portfolio so that risk can be obtained to a minimum. An assessment of portfolio performance is needed  to increase confidence to invest. Sharpe index can measure portfolio performance based on return value of bond. In this case, study has been conduct in two bonds which are Obligasi Berkelanjutan I Bank BTN Tahap II Tahun 2013 and Obligasi Berkelanjutan I PLN Tahap I Tahun 2013 Seri B. The optimum portfolio formed results 67,96% proportion for the first bond and 32,04% for the second bond. For the result, and there is Rp239,4235(billion) of portfolio risk formed. And there is 0,212496for Sharpe index performance assessment portfolio. Keywords: Bond, portfolio, credit risk, credit metrics, Mean Variance Efficient Portfolio, Sharpe index
KAJIAN RELIABILITAS PADA SISTEM SERI-PARALEL DENGAN EMPAT KOMPONEN
Authors: Jannah Farhah Izzatul , Sudarno Sudarno , Prahutama Alan
Published: September 2020

Reliability analysis is the analysis of the possibility that the product or service will function properly for a certain period of time under operating conditions without failure. One configuration of components that can be formed is a series-parallel system on a filter capacitor circuit using 4 components consisting of 2 rectifier diodes, 1 capacitor, and 1 load resistor. The data used to obtain the value of system reliability is the time of failure based on the assumption of failure of the independent component. The function of the form on the system can be expressed by Ф(x)= x1x3 + x1x4 + x2x3 + x2x4 - x1x3x4 - x2x3x4 - x1x2x3 - x1x2x4 + x1x2x3x4. The parameter values of each distribution are calculated using the Median Rank Regression Estimation (MRRE) and Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) methods. To test the data following a certain distribution or not, the calculation is manually done with the Anderson-Darling (AD) test so that it is known that the failure time data of rectifier diode 1 follows the weibull distribution with parameters  and , failure time data of rectifier diode 2 follows weibull distribution with parameters  and , failure time data of capacitors follow normal distribution with parameters  and , and the failure time data of the load resistor following the gamma distribution with parameters  and . From the calculation of system reliability, it shows that the higher the intensity of the system fails it will affect the value of reliability to be lower. A serial system from a parallel system functions if there is at least one component j in one subsystem that functions. Keywords: Reliability, Series-Parallel, MRRE, MLE, AD.
PENGUKURAN PROBABILITAS KEBANGKRUTAN OBLIGASI KORPORASI DENGAN SUKU BUNGA COX INGERSOLL ROSS MODEL MERTON (Studi Kasus Obligasi PT Indosat, Tbk)
Authors: Siregar Muhammad Akhir , Mustafid Mustafid , Santoso Rukun
Published: September 2020

Nowadays bonds become one of the many securities products that are being prefered by investors. Observing the level of the company's rating which good enough or in the criteria of investment grade can’t be a handle of investors. Investing in long-term period investors should understand the risks to be faced, one of investment credit risk on bonds is default risk, this risk is related to the possibility that the issuer fails to fulfill its obligations to the investor in due date. The measurement of the probability of default failure by the structural method approach introduced first by Black-Scholes (1973) than developed by Merton (1974).  In Bankruptcy model, merton’s model assumed the company get default (bankrupt) when the company can’t pay the coupon or face value in the due date. Interest rates on the Merton model assumed to be constant values replaced by Cox Ingersoll Ross (CIR) rates. The CIR rate is the fluctuating interest rate in each period and the change is a stochastic process. The empirical study was conducted on PT Indosat, Tbk's bonds issued in 2017 with a face value of 511 Billion in payment of obligations by the issuer for 10 years. Based on simulation results done with R software obtained probability of default value equal to 7,416132E-215 Indicates that PT Indosat Tbk is deemed to be able to fulfill its obligation payment at the end of the bond maturity in 2027. Keywords: Bond, CIR Rate, Merton Model, Ekuity, Probability of default
PENERAPAN METODE EXPONENTIALLY WEIGHTED MOVING AVERAGE (EWMA) DALAM PENGUKURAN RISIKO INEVSTASI SAHAM PORTOFOLIO UNTUK VOLATILITAS HETEROGEN
Authors: Wulandari Heni Dwi , Mustafid Mustafid , Yasin Hasbi
Published: September 2020

Risk measurement is important in making an investment. One tool used in the measurement of investment risk is Value at Risk (VaR). VaR represents the greatest possible loss of investment with a given period and level of confidence. In the calculation of Value at Risk requires the assumption of normality and homogeneity. However, financial data rarely satisfies that assumption. Exponentially Weighted Moving Average is one method that can be used to overcome the existence of a heterogeneous variant. Daily volatility is calculated using the EWMA method by taking a decay factor of 0.94. VaR portfolio of ASII, BBNI and PTBA stocks is calculated using historical simulation method from the revised portfolio return with Hull and White volatility updating procedure. VaR values obtained are valid at a 99% confidence level based on the validity test of Kupiec PF and Basel rules. Keywords: Value at Risk (VaR), Portfolio, EWMA, Historical Simulation, Volatility Updating
PERAMALAN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL FEED FORWARD NEURAL NETWORK DENGAN ALGORITMA ADAPTIVE SIMULATED ANNEALING (Studi kasus: Harga minyak mentah dunia yang dipublikasikan oleh OPEC)
Authors: Hanafaie Affan , Sugito Sugito , Sudarno Sudarno
Published: September 2020

Today, crude oil trading industry is still an important industry in the world because it still has high fuel oil consumption. The crude oil prices tend to fluctuate causing the prediction of crude oil in the coming periods to be a challenge. Forecasting the price of crude oil can be done by various methods, one of them is ARIMA Box-Jenkins model with OLS method to estimate the parameter, but this method has several assumptions that must be met. As time goes by, many methods that discovered, one of them is artificial neural network which can combined with various parameter optimization methods such as Adaptive Simulated Annealing algorithm. Adaptive Simulated Annealing algorithm is an optimization method that inspired by the process of crystallization, the advantages of this algorithm has a running time faster than similar algorithms. The combination of artificial neural networks and Adaptive Simulated Annealing algorithms can be used to model the historical data without requiring assumptions in the analysis. Based on the analysis on this research, the best model is obtained FFNN 2-5-1 with MAPE value of 1.0042%. Keywords: neural network, Adaptive Simulated Annealing, crude oil.
ANALISIS PORTOFOLIO OPTIMAL MENGGUNAKAN MULTI INDEX MODEL (Studi Kasus: Kelompok Saham IDX30 periode Januari 2014 – Desember 2018)
Authors: Fauziyyah Bramadita Kunni , Prahutama Alan , Sudarno Sudarno
Published: September 2020

Investment is the placement of a number of funds at this time in the hope of making a profit in the future. The purpose of investors investing is to get many profit by understanding that there is a possibility of losses. But, the higher the expected return then the risk also greater. The method to minimize risk is portfolio. One of the optimum portfolio method is Multi Index Model. Multi Index Model is model that use more than one index or factor that affects the return on stock. The stock in this research is 10 stocks of IDX30 period January 2014 – December 2018. Index in this research is IHSG, Hang Seng Index and DJIA. Multi Index Model has assumptions: residual variance of stock i equals , variance of index j equals , E(ci) = 0, covariance between index equals 0, covariance between the residual for stock and index equals 0 and covariance between the residual for stock equals 0. The result of this research is there are 4 stocks that fulfill the assumpions to be made as the optimum portfolio, that is GGRM (Gudang Garam Tbk) 23.67%, UNVR (Unilever Indonesia Tbk) 37.09%, BBCA (Bank Central Asia Tbk) 25.15% dan ASII (Astra International Tbk) 14.09%  with a value of expected return portfolio is 1.19% and risk of portfolio is 3.79%. Keywords: Investment, Optimum Portfolio, Multi Index Model
MODEL FEED FORWARD NEURAL NETWORK (FFNN) DENGAN ALGORITMA PARTICLE SWARM SEBAGAI OPTIMASI BOBOT (Studi Kasus : Harga Daging Sapi dari Bank Dunia Periode Januari 2007 – Desember 2018)
Authors: Utama Faisal Fikri , Warsito Budi , Sugito Sugito
Published: September 2020

Beef is one of the important food commodities to fulfill the nutritional adequacy of humans. The World Bank notes the beef prices that are exported worldwide every month. For this reason, those data becomes a predictable series for the next period. Feed Forward Neural Network is a non-parametric method that can be used to make predictions from time series data without having to be bound by classical assumptions. The initiated weight will be evaluated by an algorithm that can minimize errors. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is an optimization algorithm based on particle speed to reach the destination. The FFNN model will be combined with PSO to get predictive results that are close to the target. The best architecture on FFNN is obtained with 2 units of input, 1 unit of bias, 3 hidden units, and 1 unit of output by producing MAPE training 11.7735% and MAPE testing 8.14%. According to Lewis (1982) in Moreno et. al (2013), the MAPE value below 10% is highly accurate forecasting. Keywords: Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), neurons, weights, predictions.
PEMODELAN B-SPLINE UNTUK MENGESTIMASI KURVA YIELD OBLIGASI PEMERINTAH KODE FIXED RATE
Authors: Nurcahyanti Tri Meida , Widiharih Tatik , Warsito Budi
Published: September 2020

Bond is a medium-long term loan agreement that can be handed over, it contains a promise from the issuer to pay rewards in the form of interest on a particular period and paying off the principal debt on the time that has been appointed to the bond buyer. A method to find out the relationship between yield and time to maturity for a type of bond at any given time is illustrated through the yield curve. One of the methods for estimating yield curve is B-spline. The data that used to estimate the yield curve with B-spline model are sourced from Indonesia Stock Exchange, namely Government Bond Trading Report with code FR (Fixed Rate). The data periods used are 9, 16, and 23 November 2018. The best model for estimating the yield curve at any period of the data is linear B-spline model with 6 knots but the knot position is different for every data period. Based on the calculation of MAPE, the ability of the model to predict is very good. Investment with maximum profit based on the estimation of yield curve using B-spline linear model with 6 knot is FR0071.Keywords: bond, yield, yield curve, Government Bond, B-spline
PEMILIHAN PERUMAHAN TERFAVORIT MENGGUNAKAN METODE VIKOR DAN TOPSIS DENGAN GUI MATLAB (Studi Kasus: Perumahan Mijen Semarang)
Authors: Ramadhani Alika , Santoso2 Rukun , Rahmawati Rita
Published: September 2020

The increase in the population of Semarang has an impact on the increasing demand for residential housing. Unfortunately, the limitations of the area became an obstacle in Semarang to develop residential areas. This development of residential housing in Semarang leads to suburban such as Mijen. The method that can be used to choose favorite housing is Visekriterijumsko Kompromisno Rangiranje (VIKOR) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). Both methods can be applied to solve Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) issue. This study has 8 alternatives of residential housing in Mijen with 5 criteria such as Price, Payment Method, Building Specifications, Housing Facilities, and Location. This research was design with Graphical User Interface (GUI) Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB) as computing tool. VIKOR and TOPSIS method on this research, obtained the same result that the most favorite residential housing is A5. Keywords: Housing, SPK, VIKOR, TOPSIS, GUI
PEMODELAN REGRESI SEMIPARAMETRIK DENGAN PENDEKATAN DERET FOURIER (Studi Kasus: Pengaruh Indeks Dow Jones dan BI Rate Terhadap Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan
Authors: Khairunnisa Laili Rahma , Prahutama Alan , Santoso Rukun
Published: September 2020

The Composite Stock Price Index (CSPI) is a composite index all of types of shares listed on the stock exchange and their movements indicate conditions that occur in the capital market. CSPI is influenced by macroeconomic factors and foreign exchange index. Dow Jones Industrial Average has a linear relationship with CSPI and BI Rate has a repeated relationship with CSPI, so the method is used semiparametric regression with the Fourier series approach. Estimators in semiparametric regression with Fourier series approach were obtained by the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. This study uses monthly data which is divided into in sample data and out sample data. Semiparametric regression modelling with Fourier series approach is done by determining the optimal K value which results in a minimum General Cross Validation (GCV) value. In this study, semiparametric regression model with Fourier series approach formed by the optimal K value is 13 and GCV is 2826122. The results of the evaluation of the accuracy of the model performance and forecasting obtained the coefficient of determination is 0,9226, Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) data in sample 3,8154% and data out sample is 8,4782% which shows that the model obtained has a very accurate performance.Keywords: Composite Stock Price Index (CSPI), Semiparametric Regression, Fourier Series, OLS, GCV
PENERAPAN STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELLING (SEM) UNTUK MENGANALISIS FAKTOR – FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KINERJA BISNIS (STUDI KASUS KAFE DI KECAMATAN TEMBALANG DAN KECAMATAN BANYUMANIK PADA JANUARI 2019)
Authors: Pramudita Ade Irma , Widiharih Tatik , Santoso Rukun
Published: September 2020

This research is done to examine the effect of quality of service and product attractiveness toward business strategies based on service in order to improving business performance. The sample of this study were Cafe owners in Tembalang Subdistrict and Banyumanik Subdistrict, total are 116 respondents. In this Final Project, the processing of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is AMOS software. The results of the analysis show that service quality has a positive effect on business strategies based on service to improving business performance. The most significant factor that affecting business performance is quality of service. Quality of service is important in the performance of a café business. Cafe owners must always pay attention to the quality of café service to customers, because the quality of service is the main consideration for customers to visit cafes.
Effect of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Supplementation on Plasma Levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA), Total Cholesterol and LDL Cholesterol in the Elderly
Authors: Ngestiningsih Dwi , Rahayu Rejeki Andayani , Batubara Lusiana
Published: September 2020

Background: Several various physiological functions in elderly people are diminished due to cell or tissue damage. One of the probable causes are oxidative stress yielded by free radicals.Oxidative stress (ROS) induce lipid peroxidation in endothelial cell membrane, which generates atherosclerotic plaque. In a state of oxidative stress, MDA level will increased. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of SOD supplementation on MDA, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol plasma levels in the elderly.Methods: This study was open label, a randomized control trial. Subjects were elderly people aged > 60 years (median 75, 60-82 ys, male 10 (24,4%)) institutionalized at Social Rehabilitation Unit Pucang Gading Semarang, Indonesia. The treatment group consisted of 16 people, received SOD (GlisodinR) 1 capsule (250 IU) 1 hour before meals, plus exercise scheduled for 8 weeks. The control group consisted of 15 people, received placebo, and exercise. Plasma MDA levels were examined using TBARS method, while total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were examined using CHOD-PAP method.Results: This study show a reduction of plasma MDA levels in the treatment group compare to control group ( p = 0.062 ). A significant reduction of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels in the treatment group were found (before 190.00 and 131.47 g/dl, after 182.27 and 121.93 g/dl, p = 0.005 and 0.001).Conclusion: The SOD supplementation significantly reduce Total Cholesterol and LDL level, but not MDA level in the elderly.
Unraveling of Diagnosis Odyssey in A Girl with Primary Amenorrhea: A case report
Authors: Susanti Ni Made Indri Dwi , Mulyantoro Inu , Puspasari Dik , Listyasari Nurin Aisyiyah , Faradz Sultana MH
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT Background:Primary amenorrhea may result from congenital abnormalities in the development of the gonads, genital tract, or external genitalia or from a disturbance within the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. Gonadal dysgenesis is a disorder of sex development in which the diagnosis is based on the histology of gonads and is the main cause of primary amenorrhea. Optimal protocol of management for phenotypic female with 46, XY gonadal dysgenesis involves prophylactic gonadectomy at diagnosis.Case Presentation: The patient was referred to our hospital at the age of 15 years old for primary amenorrhea. She was obese with no secondary sex sign. Gynecologic examination revealed a normal vagina and clitoris. Rectal Toucher examination revealed no internal genitalia structure. The laboratory data: FSH levels was above normal range, LH and testosterone levels were within normal range. Pelvic Ultrasonography uterus and vaginal structure and testis were not visualized. Cytogenetic and ARgene analysis found a 46, XY karyotype and no pathogenic variants. On laparoscopy, Mullerian structure and Wolffian remnant structure were identified and biopsies were performed. Based on histopathological examination and immunohistochemical markers of the right and left gonad showed the impression of Malignant Mixed Germ Cell-Sex Cord Stromal Tumor. SRY gene examination was positive.Examination of other DSD gene analysis has not been done. Second laparoscopy for gonadectomy and removal of Mullerian and Wolfiian remnant structure were performed. Conclusion:Chromosomal analysis should become the first line testing in primary amenorrhea followed by advanced molecular test. Multidisciplinary managements recommended for DSD cases.
Effect of Metformin on Bcl-2/Bax Expression Ratio and Endometrial Implants: A Mouse Model in Endometriosis Study
Authors: Mulyantoro Inu , Indrapraja Oktoria , Widjiati Widjiati , Noerpramana Noor Pramono
Published: September 2020

Background: Endometriosis is a gynaecological disorder characterised by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. Apoptosis, regulated by the balance of Bcl-2/Bax, plays an important role in the endometrial improvement. Metformin, an insulin sensitizer that is known to have beneficial effect in the endometriosis treatment, is expected to lower Bcl-2/Bax expression ratio and reduce endometrial implants.Objective: To explore the effect of metformin on the Bcl-2/Bax expression ratio and endometrial implant area of endometriosis-induced mice.Methods: This experimental study used 3-month old 33 BALB/c mice of endometriosis that were randomly and equally divided into three groups (P0, P1, and P2). On the 15th day, the P0 group was first terminated for Bcl-2/Bax examination and the size of endometrial implants. The P1 group was given aquabidest, whereas the P2 group was given metformin 4 mg/day for 14 days. The immunohistochemistry of Bcl-2/Bax expression were performed from cavum abdomen and pelvis peritoneal tissues of the mice and measured by the Remmele Scale Index, whereas the extracted mice’ endometrial implants were analysed with computer tracing method. All data normality test was calculated with Shapiro-Wilk test. The mean difference test of all groups was analysed using the one-way ANOVA test, whereas the mean difference test between groups was completed using the Unpaired T-test (LSD/Least Significance Difference).Results: The Bcl-2/Bax expression ratio and endometrial implant area in the P2 group were significantly lower compared to P0 and P1 (p<0.001). There were no significant differences in the Bcl-2/Bax expression ratio or endometrial implant area in P0 and P1 (p>0.05)Conclusion: Metformin may be a potential effective drug treatment for endometriosis by decreasing Bcl-2/Bax expression ratio and endometrial implants.
KELIMPAHAN HEWAN MAKROBENTOS YANG BERASOSIASI PADA HABITAT LAMUN DENGAN JARAK BERBEDA DI PERAIRAN PULAU PRAMUKA KEPULAUAN SERIBU
Authors: Ekaningrum Nurul
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan April 2012 di Pulau Pramuka, Kepulauan Seribu. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode sistematik sampling artinya sampling yang disusun dengan lokasi dan waktu sampling dibuat dengan pola teratur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis lamun yang ditemukan di Pulau Pramuka Kepulauan Seribu adalah Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata, Halophila ovalis dan Syringodium. Kelimpahan hewan makrobentos pada habitat lamun dengan jarak berbeda, yaitu Stasiun A (6 meter) 10 spesies dengan 52 individu dan Stasiun B (50 meter) 12 spesies dengan 69 individu. Nilai Indeks Keanekaragaman (H’) hewan makrobentos pada Stasiun A dan Stasiun B sebesar 2,29 dan 2,39. Nilai Indeks Keseragaman (E) pada Stasiun A dan Stasiun B sebesar 0,95 dan 0,96. Dari hasil uji T- Test didapatkan nilai signifikan sebesar 0,159 (P<0,005), yang berarti tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan kelimpahan hewan makrobentos pada habitat lamun dengan jarak berbeda atau relatif seragam.Kata kunci : Lamun, Kelimpahan Hewan Makrobentos, Pulau PramukaAbstractThis reseacrh has been conducted on April 2012 in the Pramuka Island, Kepulauan Seribu. Systematic sampling method was used to sampling of makrozoobenthos with the location and time of sampling was made in a regular pattern. The results showed that the type of the seagrass found in Pramuka Island Kepulauan Seribu are Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata, Halophila ovalis and Syringodium. The abundance of makrozoobenthos on habitat of seagrass with different distances are Station A (6 meters) 10 species with 52 individuals and Station B (50 meters) 12 species with 69 individuals. Value Diversity Index (H ') makrozoobenthos at Station A and Station B are about 2,29 and 2,39. Value Evenness Index (E) in Stasiun A and Stasiun B are about 0,95 dan 0,96. The test T-Test results obtained significant value of 0.159 (P <0.005), which means there is no significant difference on abundance of makrozoobenthos in habitat of seagrass with different distance or relatively uniform.Keywords: Seagrass, Abudance Makrozoobenthos, Pramuka Island
PENGARUH PERBEDAAN INTENSITAS CAHAYA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN LARVA KERANG MUTIARA (Pinctada maxima, Jameson, 1901) SKALA LABORATORIUM
Authors: Hadinata Fitra
Published: September 2020

Pengembangan budidaya laut sejauh ini belum seintensif pengembangan budidaya air tawar dan air payau. Terbatasnya penyebaran informasi teknologi budidaya beberapa komunitas budidaya laut, antara lain kerang mutiara, menjadi salah satu kendala dalam upaya perluasan usaha bagi pembudidaya kerang mutiara tersebut. Intensitas cahaya berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan larva kerang mutiara. Intensitas cahaya yang tidak terlalu tinggi dapat melindungi tubuh larva dari radiasi ultra violet. Larva kerang mutiara bersifat fototaksis positif dan umumnya selama metamorfose larva membutuhkan intensitas cahaya yang sesuai. Pemberian dosis pakan alami berupa alga diawal pemeliharaan sebesar 7000 individu/ml/hari dan terus ditambah 1000-1500 individu/ml/hari selama 17 hari masa pemeliharaan. Pada media pemeliharaan larva diperoleh suhu air berkisar 28-29 oC, salinitas 32 ppt, dan pH air 8. Berdasarkan pengamatan secara deskriptif, intensitas cahaya berbeda mempengaruhi pertumbuhan larva kerang mutiara (P. maxima). Intensitas cahaya 50 dan 100 lux cenderung mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan laju sintasan larva kerang mutiara.Kata Kunci : Pinctada maxima, Intensitas Cahaya, Pertumbuhan, dan PerkembanganAbstractThe development of mariculture in general so far has not been as intensive as the development of freshwater aquaculture and the brackish water. The limited development of information technology of mariculture, such as pearl shells, becomes one of the constraints in the efforts to expand the business for the pearl. Light intensity has the effects to the growth and maturation of the pearl shells larvae. The low intensity of light can protect the larvae against by ultra violet radiation. Oyster larvae are fototaksis positive and generally require appropriate light intensity during the larvae metamorphosis. The feeding of algae at the beginning of the maintenance is 7000 individuals / ml / day and was continuously added into 1000-1500 individual / ml / day during 17 days the observation. In the larval rearing media was known that the water temperature about 28-29 ° C, 32 ppt salinity, and 8 water pH. Based on descriptive observation, different light intensities affect larval growth of pearl shells (P. maxima). Light intensity of 50 and 100 lux were likely to affect the growth and survival rate of pearl shells larvae.Keywords: Pinctada maxima, Light intensity, Growth and Maturation
BEBERAPA ASPEK BIOLOGI UDANG MANTIS (Oratosquilla oratoria De Haan, 1844) DI PERAIRAN CILACAP, JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Widyaningtiwi Winda Ari , Djuwito - , Saputra Suradi Wijaya
Published: September 2020

Perairan Cilacap memiliki potensi perikanan yang tinggi dan memiliki keanekaragaman jenis yang tinggi. Salah satu sumberdaya perikanan yang ada yaitu sumberdaya udang Mantis (Oratosquilla oratoria). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui jenis udang Mantis yang tertangkap di perairan pantai Cilacap, beberapa aspek biologi udang Mantis (O. oratoria) di perairan pantai Cilacap. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survey dan pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di Tempat Pelelangan Ikan (TPI) Lengkong, TPI Kemiren,  TPI Tegal Katilayu dan TPI Menganti Kisik di Kabupaten Cilacap pada bulan Oktober – Desember 2012. Hasil penelitian didapatkan dua jenis udang Mantis yaitu O. oratoria dan Oratosquillina gravieri. Pola pertumbuhan udang Mantis (O. oratoria) jantan dan betina bersifat allometrik negatif. Nilai faktor kondisi (Kn) pada udang Mantis jantan 1,05 dan betina 1,09. Ukuran rata-rata tertangkap (Lc50%) udang Mantis selama penelitian yaitu 17,8 mm dengan L∞ = 37,05 mm, yang berarti (Lc50%) lebih kecil dari ½  L∞, menunjukkan bahwa ukuran udang Mantis dalam keadaan belum layak tangkap. Tingkat Kematangan Gonad (TKG) didominasi oleh TKG 0. Udang  Mantis pertama kali matang gonad (Lm50%) pada ukuran 19 mm. Nisbah kelamin udang Mantis O. oratoria adalah 1:1,28.
JENIS KEPITING BAKAU (Scylla sp.) YANG TERTANGKAP DI PERAIRAN LABUHAN BAHARI BELAWAN MEDAN
Authors: Hia Putri March F , Hendrarto Boedi , Haeruddin -
Published: September 2020

Labuhan Bahari Belawan Medan merupakan sebuah pulau yang terletak di Selat Malaka, Sumatera Utara. Salah satu sumberdaya perikanan di perairan tersebut adalah kepiting bakau, namun informasi  mengenai kepiting bakau pada daerah ini masih kurang terutama jenis spesiesnya. Tujuan dari penelitian yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari-Februari 2012 ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis dan morfologi kepiting bakau, kelimpahan yang mendominasi, dan mengetahui ekonomi kepiting bakau di perairan Labuhan Bahari Belawan Medan. Kepiting yang diteliti adalah kepiting bakau yang tertangkap di wilayah mangrove dan sekitar tambak yang ditumbuhi mangrove. Sampling dilakukan dengan alat tangkap bubu oleh masyarakat sekitar dinamakan bubu planet. Kepiting yang tertangkap diidentifikasi dan dilakukan pengukuran morfometrik kemudian menganalisa data yang didapatkan, dan wawancara nelayan untuk mengetahui nilai ekonomi kepiting bakau tersebut. Jumlah spesies kepiting bakau yang ditemukan  adalah 3 spesies yaitu Scylla tranquebarica, Scylla serrata dan Scylla paramamosain, dengan kelimpahan yang mendominasi adalah Scylla tranquebarica sebesar 54,72%, Scylla paramamosain sebesar 33,96%, dan Scylla serrata sebesar 11,32% di stasiun I (di kawasan mangrove), sedangkan di stasiun II (di luar kawasan mangrove) Scylla serrata 45,76%, Scylla tranquebarica sebesar 33,98%, dan Scylla paramamosain sebesar 15,25%. Kepiting bakau yang biasanya dipasarkan adalah kepiting yang memiliki berat ≥200 gram per ekor baik jantan maupun betina.
IDENTIFIKASI SUMBERDAYA KEPITING BAKAU (Scylla sp.) YANG DIDARATKAN DI TPI KABUPATEN TAPANULI TENGAH
Authors: Larosa Roswita , Hendrarto Boedi , Nitisupardjo Mustofa
Published: September 2020

Salah satu sumberdaya perikanan di wilayah perairan Indonesia adalah kepiting bakau namun informasi mengenai keberadaan kepiting bakau khususnya jenis–jenisnya masih terbatas begitu juga pada wilayah perairan Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut perlu dilakukan identifikasi jenis morfologi kepiting bakau.Penelitian yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari-Februari 2011 ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis dan morfologi kepiting bakau, kelimpahan dan dominasi kepiting bakau, serta mengetahui nilai komersil kepiting bakau di wilayah Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah Sumatera Utara. Sampel yang diteliti adalah kepiting bakau yang didaratkan di 3 (tiga) TPI yaitu Desa Hajoran, Desa Poriaha dan Desa Sijago-jago Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah. Kepiting yang tertangkap oleh nelayan diidentifikasi dan dilakukan pengukuran morfometrik kemudian menganalisis data yang didapatkan, dan wawancara nelayan untuk mengetahui berat komersil dan kisaran harga kepiting bakau tersebut. Jumlah spesies kepiting bakau yang ditemukan adalah 3 (tiga) spesies yaitu Scylla serrata (63.41%), Scylla olivacea (26.22 %), dan Scylla tranquebarica (10.37 %) dari sampel yang berjumlah 164 individu. Kepiting yang mendominasi adalah Scylla serrata. Kepiting bakau yang biasanya dipasarkan adalah kepiting yang memiliki berat ≥250 gram per ekor dengan harga Rp. 35.000/kg.
KEBIASAAN MAKANAN DAN OSMOREGULASI SEBAGAI LANDASAN DOMESTIKASI KEONG MACAN (Babylonia spirata L.)
Authors: Novian Sansistya Dita , Anggoro Sutrisno , Rachmawati Diana
Published: September 2020

Keong Macan (Babylonia spirata L.) merupakan sumberdaya hayati yang memiliki nilai ekonomis karena banyak mengandung protein, kandungan lendir yang sedikit, rasanya enak dan mudah dalam pengelolaannya. Pemanfaatan keong macan yang dilakukan secara besar-besaran dan tidak sesuai dengan kemampuan regenerasi organisme tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kebiasaan makanan, jenis makanan yang terdapat pada perut, mengkaji hubungan panjang cangkang dan berat bobot total hasil tangkapan, dan mengetahui tingkat serta pola osmoregulasi keong macan di alam. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Juli-Agustus 2011 di Perairan Laut Kartini Jepara. Pengamatan sample dilakukan di laboratorium LPWP Jepara dan laboratorium Hidrobiologi Fakultas Perikanan Universitas Diponegoro. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan sebanyak empat kali setiap dua minggu sekali di Perairan Laut Kartini Jepara. Pada setiap titik, contoh diambil sebanyak 100 ekor. Penelitian ini menggunakan beberapa metode yaitu, untuk pemeriksaan kebiasaan makanan menggunakan metode gravimetrik, pemeriksaan osmoregulasi dilakukan dengan cara menghitung tingkat kerja osmotik berdasarkan perbedaan nilai osmolaritas haemolymph keong macan dan osmolaritas air laut, pemeriksaan osmolaritas menggunakan osmometer, dan sifat pertumbuhan ditentukan berdasarkan analisis hubungan panjang berat. Pola osmoregulasi keong macan di alam berada pada kondisi regulasi isoosmotik dengan rentang salinitas 31.5 hingga 32.3 ‰ dan Osmolaritas haemolymph pada rentang 924.90 hingga 935.32 mOsm/l H2O. Beban kerja osmotik (TKO) paling mendekati isoosmotik yaitu pada salinitas 32 ‰ dengan osmolaritas media pada nilai 935.32 mOsm/l H2O. Pada penelitian kondisi isoosmotik optimal terdapat pada stasiun I dan IV. Domestikasi keong macan mulai tahap aklimasi sampai kultivasi perlu memperhatikan kebutuhan media isoosmotik, yaitu 31.5 hingga 32.3 ‰ (924.90 hingga 935.32 mOsm/l H2O) dengan pakan daging ikan karena keong macan bersifat karnivora.
HUBUNGAN NISBAH C/N DENGAN JUMLAH TOTAL BAKTERI PADA SEDIMEN TAMBAK DI AREAL BALAI BESAR PENGEMBANGAN BUDIDAYA AIR PAYAU, JEPARA
Authors: Vrananta Surya Dwi , Afiati Norma , Soedarsono Prijadi
Published: September 2020

Aktivitas pertambakan mengalami penurunan kualitas air tambak akibat dari masukan bahan organik terutama sisa pakan yang tidak dimakan oleh organisme kultivan, serta kotoran yang dikeluarkan oleh kultivan budidaya, sehingga dapat mempengaruhi produktifitas tambak yaitu proses dekomposisi. Keberlangsungan proses dekomposisi ditandai dengan nisbah C/N, dimana nisbah C/N yang tinggi menunjukkan kecilnya kandungan N (N-Organik dan N-Amoniak) dan sebaliknya nisbah C/N yang rendah menunjukkan proses dekomposisi bakteri berjalan cepat menghasilkan N besar. Pada sedimen tambak terjadi banyak proses, salah satunya adalah bakteri sedimen yang mempunyai kemampuan mengikat nitrogen dari udara dan mengubah amonium menjadi nitrat. Bakteri sedimen mempunyai fungsi untuk mengfiksasi nitrogen dalam keadaan anaerob dan mengikat nitrogen dalam keadaan aerob. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara nisbah C/N dengan jumlah bakteri sedimen. Adapun manfaat yang diperoleh memberikan gambaran tentang tingkat dekomposisi berdasarkan nisbah C/N dengan jumlah bakteri sedimen, sehingga dapat diketahui cara budidaya perairan yang ramah lingkungan dan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini dilaksakan pada bulan Agustus-Oktober 2010 di BBPBAP Jepara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Purposive Random Sampling. Pengambilan sampel dan pengukuran parameter kualitas tanah dan air dilakukan di tiga stasiun yaitu stasiun F1, stasiun F2, stasiun F3, yang masing stasiun terdiri satu titik sampling di plataran dekat pintu outlet. Sampling dilakukan empat kali ulangan. Pengujian nisbah C/N dan penghitungan jumlah bakteri sedimen dilakukan di Laboratorium BBPBAP Jepara. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nisbah C/N pada stasiun F1 18,87 - 38,93%, stasiun F2 22,25 – 41,59 %, stasiun F3 24,31 – 61,90 %. Sedangkan jumlah bakteri sedimen pada stasiun F1 10x105 – 42x105 cfu, stasiun F2 4x105 – 34x105 cfu, dan stasiun F3 8,1x105 – 29x105 cfu. Uji korelasi antara nisbah C/N dengan jumlah bakteri sedimen menunjukkan hubungan yang cukup erat, dimana 32,6% bakteri mempengaruhi nisbah C/N sedangkan sisanya 67,4% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain.
Analisis Morfometri dan Faktor Kondisi pada Cumi-Cumi Photololigo chinensis dan Photololigo duvaucelii yang Didaratkan di Beberapa TPI Pantai Utara Jawa Tengah
Authors: Nuzapril Mulkan , Afiati Norma , Widyorini Niniek
Published: September 2020

Salah satu hasil laut yang memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi setelah ikan dan udang adalah cumi-cumi. Cumi-cumi merupakan salah satu jenis sumberdaya perikanan yang berperan nyata dalam sektor perikanan laut dan banyak dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat. Pemanfaatan sumberdaya cumi-cumi melalui kegiatan penangkapan sudah saatnya disertai dengan upaya pengaturan penangkapan. Upaya ini dapat memperbaiki kerusakan sumberdaya cumi-cumi, karena stok dapat diperkaya untuk memperbaiki dan mempertahankan kelestarian sumberdaya cumi-cumi. Studi mengenai morfometri dari cumi-cumi sangat diperlukan guna selektivitas ukuran bagi kegiatan penangkapan. Selektivitas alat tangkap sangat penting dilakukan untuk menghindari terjadinya overfishing. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui karakteristik morfometri dan faktor kondisi dari cumi-cumi P.chinensis dan P. duvaucelii yang didaratkan di TPI sekitar Pantai Utara Jawa Tengah. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif yang dalam pelaksanaannya dilakukan melalui teknik survei yaitu melakukan kegiatan pengamatan secara langsung dilapangan dengan bertanya terhadap nelayan sebagai data primer dan pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode random sampling yaitu bahwa semua anggota populasi mempunyai peluang yang sama untuk dimasukkan sebagai anggota sampel. Hasil penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi 2 jenis cumi-cumi yaitu P.chinensis dan P. duvaucelii. Ukuran yang mendominasi untuk P. duvaucelii  yaitu berkisar antara 25 – 40 mm dan P. chinensis  yaitu antara ukuran 55 – 70 mm. Hubungan panjang berat P.chinensis dan P. duvaucelii mempunyai persamaan W = 0,0024 L2,055dan W = 0,00129 L2,213. Karakteristik alometri pada cumi-cumi  P.chinensis dan P.duvaucelii mempunyai sifat pertumbuhan alometrik positif, alometrik negatif dan isometrik. Nilai faktor kondisi dari P.chinensis dan P. duvaucelii dengan rumus K= W/ aLb masing- masing adalah 1,007 dan 1,082. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa tubuh dari kedua cumi-cumi yaitu kurang pipih. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, diketahui bahwa pertumbuhan panjang mantel kedua spesies tumbuh lebih cepat dibanding organ tubuh lain dan pertumbuhan panjang mata P. chinensis lebih cepat dibanding tinggi mata, sedangkan panjang mata   P. duvaucelii tumbuh seimbang terhadap tinggi mata.
SEBARAN SPASIAL CUMI-CUMI (Loligo Spp.) DENGAN VARIABEL SUHU PERMUKAAN LAUT DAN KLOROFIL-a DATA SATELIT MODIS AQUA DI SELAT KARIMATA HINGGA LAUT JAWA
Authors: Prasetyo Budhi Agung , Hartoko Agus , Hutabarat Sahala
Published: September 2020

Dengan mengetahui area dimana ikan bisa tertangkap dalam jumlah yang besar, kegiatan penangkapan menjadi lebih efektif. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui sebaran spasial cumi-cumi per-musim pada tahun 2011 hingga 2012, mengetahui sebaran spasial parameter oseanografi  dan mengetahui korelasi antara parameter oseanografi dengan sebaran spasial cumi-cumi. Data yang digunakan adalah data suhu permukaan laut dan klorofil-a dari satelit MODIS Aqua dan data sekunder lapangan yaitu data hasil tangkapan cumi-cumi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hasil tangkapan cumi-cumi pada tahun 2011 - 2012 lebih banyak tertangkap pada musim peralihan II hingga musim barat (September-Desember) dengan nilai rata-rata hasil tangkapan setiap tahun sebesar 88 Ton dan 189 Ton. Sebaran penangkapan cumi-cumi banyak terjadi di bagian barat Laut Jawa hingga Selat Karimata. Sebaran suhu permukaan laut pada tahun 2011 musim barat lebih tinggi (24,8 - 32,1oC) dibandingkan musim timur  (24,2 - 29,4oC), dan pada tahun 2012 juga musim barat lebih tinggi (20,3 - 33,4oC) dibandingkan musim timur (24,8 - 30,1oC). Sebaran Klorofil-a  tahun 2011 musim timur lebih tinggi (0,282 - 0,459 mg/L) dibandingkan musim barat (0,304 - 0,452 mg/L), dan pada tahun 2012 juga menunjukkan sebaran klorofil-a musim timur lebih tinggi (0,352 - 0,464 mg/L) dibandingkan musim barat (0,273 - 0,458 mg/L). Analisa regresi tunggal menunjukkan nilai koefisien regresi dari distribusi klorofil-a setiap tahun (r = 0,521 - 0,446) masih memiliki hubungan dengan hasil tangkapan cumi-cumi daripada suhu permukaan laut (r = 0.221 - 0,358).  Analisa regresi ganda menunjukkan nilai (r) antara sebaran suhu permukaan laut dan sebaran klorofil-a pada musim timur sebesar r = 0,253 dan pada musim barat sebesar r = 0,416 menunjukkan bahwa musim barat memiliki hubungan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan musim timur. Hubungan tersebut karena cumi-cumi yang hidup di perairan sekitar Laut Jawa dan sekitarnya tersebar karena pengaruh arus balik musiman dari angin muson yang terjadi di antara Samudera Pasifik dan Samudera Hindia. Sebaran oseanografi hanya berpengaruh langsung terhadap beberapa spesies cumi-cumi.
KARAKTERISTIK PERTUMBUHAN CUMI KUPING (Euprymna morsei, Verrill) YANG DIDARATKAN DI PPI TAMBAKLOROK, SEMARANG
Authors: Wahyuningrum Martha , Afiati Norma , Harwanto Dicky
Published: September 2020

Euprymna morsei masuk dalam famili sepiolidae. Jenis ini tidak memiliki cangkang dalam atau yang biasa disebut dengan gladius seperti pada jenis cumi-cumi lain pada umumnya. E. morsei hidup di daerah benthopelagic, biasanya banyak ditemukan di perairan pantai yang memiliki dasar berpasir. Spesies ini banyak dijumpai di perairan Indonesia, Malaysia, Filipina dan tersebar di seluruh Jepang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik morfometri E. morsei, hubungan panjang berat dan pertumbuhan allometrik pada E. morsei. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2012 – Februari 2013 di PPI Tambaklorok, Semarang, Jawa Tengah yang dilanjutkan dengan identifikasi dan pengukuran di Laboratorium Hidrobiologi, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Diponegoro, Tembalang, Semarang. Metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sistematik random sampling, yaitu penarikan sampel secara sistematik (pengambilan sampel pada tempat dan selang waktu yang sama) pada suatu populasi yang homogen. Variabel yang diukur dalam penelitian ini adalah Panjang Mantel (PM), Panjang Mata (PM), Tinggi Mata (TMt), Panjang Kepala (P), Panjang Lengan (PL), Panjang Tentakel (PT), Panjang Sirip (PS), Lebar Sirip (LS), Lebar Badan (LB), dan Berat Basah (Bb). Nilai hubungan panjang berat E. morsei mempunyai persamaan W = 0,00285L2,416 dengan nilai slope (b) adalah sebesar 2,416. Nilai slope (b) tersebut menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan E. morsei bersifat allometrik negatif. Nilai faktor kondisi pada penelitian ini adalah sebesar 1,019, kisaran faktor kondisi tersebut menunjukkan bahwa jenis ini memiliki bentuk tubuh yang agak gemuk.
KAJIAN KANDUNGAN LOGAM BERAT BESI (Fe) DAN SENG (Zn) PADA JARINGAN LUNAK KERANG DARAH (Anadara granosa (L.)) DI PERAIRAN TANJUNG MAS, SEMARANG DAN PERAIRAN WEDUNG, DEMAK
Authors: Taurusiana Savitri , Afiati Norma , Widyorini Niniek
Published: September 2020

Sebagian besar masyarakat Tanjung Mas, Semarang dan Wedung, Demak menjadikan kerang, terutama kerang darah (Anadara granosa (L.)) sebagai salah satu produk perikanan yang bernilai ekonomis tinggi. Peningkatan jumlah industri akan selalu diikuti oleh pertambahan jumlah limbah. Limbah yang dihasilkan diantaranya adalah limbah logam berat Fe dan Zn. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan penelitian tentang kandungan logam berat Fe dan Zn pada kerang darah (A. granosa (L.)) di perairan Tanjung Mas, Semarang dan perairan Wedung, Demak guna memberikan informasi tentang kandungan logam Fe dan Zn di dalam  kerang darah (A. granosa (L.)) yang umumnya dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat setempat.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kandungan kadar logam berat Fe dan Zn pada Kerang Darah (A. granosa (L.)) di Perairan Tanjung Mas, Semarang dan Perairan Wedung, Demak. Selain itu, juga mengetahui Maximum Tolerable Intake (MTI) dari logam berat Fe dan Zn yang mengacu pada ketetapan JEFCA. Materi yang digunakan adalah jaringan lunak kerang darah (A. granosa (L.)) yang berasal dari perairan Tanjung Mas, Semarang dan perairan Wedung, Demak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah cara pengambilan sampel secara purposive sampling dan analisis laboratorium dengan menggunakan AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan logam berat  besi (Fe) dalam A. granosa (L.) di perairan Tanjung Mas dan perairan Wedung rata-rata antara 563,32 – 1.305,05 mg/kg berat basah. Sedangkan kandungan logam berat seng (Zn) dalam A. granosa (L.) di perairan Tanjung Mas dan perairan Wedung rata-rata berkisar antara 68,13 – 94,22 mg/kg berat basah. Maximum Tolerable Intake (MTI) ) dengan asumsi untuk orang dengan berat badan 60 kg menurut ketetapan JEFCA. Logam Fe sebesar 0,037 kg/hari untuk perairan Tanjung Mas dan perairan Wedung sebesar 0,043 kg/hari. Logam Zn sebesar 0,705 kg/hari untuk perairan Tanjung Mas dan 0,637 kg/hari untuk perairan Wedung.