bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Surgical-Site, Multimodal Drug Injection Following Operative Management of Femoral Fractures
Authors: Koehler Daniel , Marsh J. Lawrence , Karam Matthew , Fruehling Catherine , Willey Michael
Published: March 2017

Background:

Multimodal analgesia inclusive of periarticular injection with a local anesthetic agent has been rapidly assimilated, with demonstrated safety and efficacy, into the care of patients undergoing elective lower-extremity arthroplasty. The present study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a surgical-site, multimodal drug injection for postoperative pain control following operative management of femoral fractures.

Methods:

There were 102 patients undergoing operative intervention (plate fixation, intramedullary device, or arthroplasty) for a broad range of femoral fracture patterns who were prospectively randomized either to receive an intraoperative, surgical-site injection into the superficial and deep tissues containing ropivacaine, epinephrine, and morphine or to receive no injection. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores were recorded at regular intervals as the primary outcome measure. Narcotic consumption and medication-related side effects were also monitored.

Results:

The injection group demonstrated significantly lower VAS scores (p < 0.05) than the control cohort in the recovery room and at the 4, 8, and 12-hour postoperative time points. The median score (and interquartile range) was 1.6 (0 to 4.0) for the injection group and 3.2 (1.3 to 5.7) for the control group immediately postoperatively, 1.0 (0 to 3.0) for the injection group and 5.0 (2.0 to 7.0) for the control group at 4 hours, 2.0 (0 to 4.0) for the injection group and 5.0 (2.0 to 6.8) for the control group at 8 hours, and 3.5 (0 to 5.0) for the injection group and 5.0 (2.0 to 8.0) for the control group at 12 hours. Additionally, narcotic consumption was significantly lower (p = 0.007) in the injection group (5.0 mg [1.3 to 8.0 mg]) compared with the control group (9.7 mg [3.9 to 15.6 mg]) over the first 8 hours following the surgical procedure. No cardiac or central nervous system toxicity was observed secondary to infiltration of the local anesthetic.

Conclusions:

Surgical-site injection with a multimodal analgesic cocktail provides improved pain control and reduces narcotic utilization over the first postoperative day, with no observed adverse effects attributable to the local injection, across a diverse orthopaedic trauma population undergoing operative intervention for femoral fractures.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
MOVIMENTO ESTUDANTIL E COMBATE ÀS OPRESSÕES: REFLEXÕES SOBRE OS REVÉRBEROS DA CRISE ESTRUTURAL DO CAPITAL
Authors: Rigueira Cavalcanti Gabriela , Guedes Leandro Theodoro , Campos Tainara Da Silva
Published: March 2017

Pretende-se perquirir as determinações históricas da crise estrutural do capital, com atenção às suas manifestações específicas na particularidade brasileira. Ao mesmo tempo, intenta-se compreender os desdobramentos do movimento estudantil, evidenciando o passado combativo de suas organizações alinhadas com a agenda de luta da classe trabalhadora em contraste com seu recente recuo e esboroamento. Neste esteio, chama-se a atenção para a projeção alcançada recentemente pelos debates sobre lgbtfobia, machismo e racismo nas contendas políticas, no interior do movimento, sublinhando a necessidade de uma orientação classista nestes debates. Ao fim e ao cabo, busca-se perceber em que medida as mudanças sociais engendradas em diferentes momentos do capitalismo interferem nas organizações estudantis.
ADMINISTRAÇÃO POLÍTICA E GUERREIRO RAMOS: EPISTEMOLOGIA E MÉTODO
Authors: Queiroz Henrique Almeida de
Published: March 2017

Este artigo busca discutir o autor nacional mais referenciado pela discussão sobre o problema do que se entende por método na Administração Política. Visa demonstrar que a operação epistemológica está fundada sobre o pensamento de Alberto Guerreiro Ramos por meio dos “deslocamentos de conceitos”. O texto buscará também dar um panorama sobre os problemas discutidos por Guerreiro Ramos e discutir se a metodologia desenvolvida até o momento pela Administração Política pode ser vista como colocação inapropriadada gestão estatal como elemento de execução do estado de bem-estar social no capitalismo.
Controlling groundwater over abstraction: state policies vs local practices in the Jordan highlands
Authors: Al Naber Majd , Molle Francois
Published: March 2017

The control of groundwater over abstraction is a vexing problem worldwide. Jordan is one of the countries facing severe water scarcity which has implemented a wide range of measures and policies over the past 20 years. While the gap between formal legal and policy frameworks and local practices on the ground is widely acknowledged, few studies investigate how local users react to state regulations and document their tactics to circumvent them. This paper examines the major tools implemented by the Jordanian government to control well expansion and water abstraction and how farmers in the Azraq basin have responded to these measures. It then documents how, in response, the Ministry of Water and Irrigation has recently enacted a series of creative counter-measures, both direct and indirect, in an attempt to toughen law enforcement and raise pressure over groundwater users. The lessons learned are highly relevant for countries with similar situations, both in the region and elsewhere.
Absolute Configuration Determination by Quantum Mechanical Calculation of Chiroptical Spectra: Basics and Applications to Fungal Metabolites
Authors: Superchi Stefano , Scafato Patrizia , Gorecki Marcin , Pescitelli Gennaro
Published: March 2017

Background:

Quantum mechanical simulations of chiroptical properties, such as
electronic circular dichroism (ECD), optical rotation (OR), and vibrational circular dichroism
(VCD), have rapidly become very popular to assign the absolute configuration of novel natural
products.

Objective:

We review the application of the ECD/OR/VCD computational methodology to
chiral metabolites of fungal origin. First, we summarize the fundamentals of the three spectroscopies;
then, we focus on the specific experimental and computational issues allied to the
application of their calculations.

Methods:

We surveyed the entire literature describing the use of ECD/OR/VCD computations
for fungal metabolites, and catalogued all papers according to the method employed and to
the structural family of compounds. Then, we chose several examples to illustrate the use of
the techniques and highlight the practical application of the computational approach.

Results:

Our literature survey demonstrates that the simulation of ECD/OR/VCD spectra is
nowadays widespread and accessible also to non-experts, although a good computational
practice is necessary to avoid wrong assignments. ECD is still the most common technique
used in the context of fungal metabolites. OR and VCD may be profitably employed when the
compound of interest lacks chromophoric groups. Our examples illustrate that the combination
of two or more chiroptical methods is strongly advisable in some cases, especially in the
presence of high conformational flexibility, where a single technique does not lead to a safe
conclusion.

Conclusion:

The ECD/OR/VCD computational approach is a reliable and versatile method to
assign the absolute configuration of fungal metabolites and related natural products.
Concept of Rasayana for a Better Health - A Review
Authors: Nirmala Joshi  , Swati S Bedekar
Published: March 2017

Rasayana, or rejuvenation therapy, is one of the eight main branches of Ayurveda and is recommended to increase Ojas (life force) after detoxification programmes. The Rasayana drugs and formulations provides longevity, memory, intelligence, freedom from diseases, youthful age, excellence of luster, complexion and voice, optimum strength of physique and sense organs, respectability and brilliance. It is good for all age groups for the elderly, pregnant women, children. Rasayana therapy prevents the effects of early ageing on both, and increases the body’s resistance to disease. Tonic food and herbs that nurture Ojas tend to be heavy and nourishing, and can be hard to digest, so that the state of Agni (digestive fire) needs to be considered first. Rasayana therapy is particulary good for Vata types during the autumn, to give them weight and strength and help them endure the long, cold winter. It is contraindicated in any condition associated with Ama (toxins), for obese people, and during colds and flu, congestive disorders, fevers, infectious diseases and allergies. For 5,000 years or so, the wisdom of Ayurveda has provided guidelines for slowing down the ageing process (Jara) by increasing Ojas. Modern scientific evaluation of Rasayana plants and other treatments used in Ayurveda have borne out the fact that rejuvenative tonics have the ability to protect the body against the ravages of age and the damaging effects of the environment in which we live, by enhancing the body’s ability to fight off disease-carrying organisms through non-specifically activating the immune system. Use of rejuvenative foods, oils, herbs and behavioral rejuvenation is very important in making a life longer, disease free and happy.
APPLICATION OF NOVEL NATURAL POLYMER FOR CONTROLLING THE RELEASE OF FENOVERINE FROM CONTROLLED RELEASE MATRIX TABLETS
Authors: Kulkarni Ajit , Mandhare Trushali , Aloorkar Nagesh
Published: March 2017

Objective: To explore a novel natural polymer, pullulan for controlling the release of fenoverine from matrix tablets and to elucidate the release kinetics of fenoverine from pullulan and HPMC matrices.Methods: In this study we formulated monolithic matrix tablets containing of fenoverine as controlled-release tablets by direct compression using pullulan, HPMC (Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose) K4M and HPMC K100M polymers and evaluated for hardness, thickness, friability, weight variation drug content, in vitro drug release characteristics and FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and DSC (Differential scanning calorimetry) study.Results: All the formulations showed compliance with pharmacopoeial standards. FTIR and DSC study indicated the absence of interaction between fenoverine and excipients. The formulation was optimized on the basis of acceptable tablet properties and in vitro drug release. The results of dissolution studies indicated that the formulation F5 [drug to polymer 1: 0.35] exhibited highest % cumulative drug release of 96.82±0.75 % at the end of 12 h. Optimised batch F5 showed super case II transport mechanism and followed zero order release kinetics. Short-term stability studies of the optimized formulation indicated that there were no significant changes observed in hardness, drug content and in vitro dissolution studies at the end of three months period. Similarity factor f2 was found to be 89, which indicated similar dissolution profiles before and after stability study.Conclusion: Based on above results we conclude that pullulan can be used as a polymer for retarding the release of drug from matrix formulations.Keywords: Pullulan, Fenoverine, Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, Controlled release, In vitro
Knowledge Transfer Between Expatriate and Host Country Nationals: the Role of Self-construal
Authors: Jannesari Milad , Wang Zhongming , Brown Phillip , McCall Jacob
Published: March 2017

Our purpose in this paper was to investigate the role of self-construal by emphasizing 2 dimensions, namely the independent and interdependent views of self, as intercultural competencies that aid knowledge transfer and contribute to the enhancement of social capital between expatriates
and host country nationals. Data were collected from 176 expatriates working in China, as well as 176 of their Chinese colleagues, all of whom completed measures of self-construal, frequency of interaction, trust, and shared vision. Further, supervisors rated their subordinates' knowledge
sharing. The results revealed that for both sets of respondents, self-construal were facilitated by building positive relationships. This demonstrates the value of self-construal, revealing practical methods of developing social capital between expatriates and their host country colleagues
as an instrumental means for knowledge transfer.
The Impact of Regulatory Fit on Postdecision Evaluation
Authors: Wang Huaiyong , Liu Yongfang
Published: March 2017

We investigated the effect of regulatory fit between regulatory focus and decision mode on postdecision evaluation, and the mechanism underlying this effect, in a 2 (regulatory focus: promotion vs. prevention) × 2 (decision mode: intuitive vs. deliberative) between-subjects factorial-design
experiment. Participants were 92 undergraduate students who underwent regulatory focus priming before performing a multiattribute decision-making task, and then completed measures concerning postdecision evaluation and feeling right. Results showed that promotion-focused participants in intuitive
mode made a more favorable postdecision evaluation than did those in deliberative mode, whereas prevention-focused participants in deliberative mode made a more favorable postdecision evaluation than did those in intuitive mode. The mechanism underlying this impact was the experience of feeling
right. Implications for future research are discussed.
Core Self-Evaluation, Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy, and Depressive Symptoms: Testing Two Mediation Models
Authors: Dou Kai , Wang Yu-Jie , -Bin Jian LI , Liu Yao -Zhong
Published: March 2017

We investigated the relationships between core self-evaluation (CSE), regulatory emotional self-efficacy (RESE), and depressive symptoms. In the first of two mediation models that we proposed, we predicted that RESE would mediate the relationship between CSE and depressive symptoms,
and in the second model we proposed that CSE would mediate the relationship between RESE and depressive symptoms. Participants, who comprised 1,108 Chinese adolescents, completed surveys to assess their CSE, RESE, and depressive symptoms. Results showed that both models were a good fit to
the data after demographic variables were controlled. We offered insight into depressive symptoms during adolescence by demonstrating that cultivating adolescents' positive view of themselves and their self-efficacy in regulating emotion is conducive to reducing their depressive symptoms.
Multilevel Conceptualization of Leader–Member Exchange Processes: a Comprehensive Review
Authors: Paik Yonjeong
Published: March 2017

In this study, I have provided the first review of recent multilevel developments in the leader– member exchange (LMX) literature and identified fruitful areas for future research. After thoroughly reviewing conceptualization and operationalization in the literature, I summarized
empirical findings at the dyadic, individual within-team, and team levels. I then addressed confusion in conceptualization and operationalization in the literature. I also suggested additional antecedents, moderators, and outcome variables for future researchers to focus on for the expansion
of the nomological networks of the various multilevel LMX constructs. Theoretical implications are discussed.
Psychological Divergence Between Urban and Suburban Chinese in Relation to Green Commuting
Authors: Chen Kai , Liang Haokai , Wang Xiaofan
Published: March 2017

We used the extended theory of planned behavior to explore the moderating effect of residential area on choice of travel mode and identified the source of divergence. Both urban and suburban groups held favorable expectations about the positive externality of green commuting. However,
urban residents were more accustomed to green commuting than were suburban residents, and had greater willingness to maintain it, which led to a higher frequency of, and greater inclination to perform, green commuting among the former group. Moreover, reduced frequency of private car use by
urban residents can be better transformed into green commuting. Structural equation modeling revealed that environmental concern had a similar impact on both urban and suburban residents, but that subjective norms had a greater influence on suburban than on urban residents. Our findings can
be used by government officials to promote green commuting through environmental education and targeted policy making.
Organization-Based Self-Esteem Affects Employees' Exchange Relationship Perceptions and Extrarole Behavior
Authors: Zhu Yanhan
Published: March 2017

The 2 types of exchange relationship perceptions—social exchange relationship perceptions (SERPs) and economic exchange relationship perceptions (EERPs)—constitute the primary concept for understanding individual behavior in the workplace. Using a sample of 581 employees
from Mainland China, I explored the effects of SERPs and EERPs on employee extrarole behavior (ERB), as well as the moderating effect of organization-based self-esteem (OBSE) on the relationships between SERPs and ERB, and between EERPs and ERB. The results revealed a significant positive
relationship between SERPs and ERB, a significant negative relationship between EERPs and ERB, and a significant moderating effect for OBSE. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
PROCESSING OF HIGH-RESOLUTION, SHALLOW SEISMIC PROFILES, GUANABARA BAY – RIO DE JANEIRO STATE, BRAZIL
Authors: Marino Igor Kestemberg , Santos Marco Antonio Cetale , Silva Cleverson Guizan
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT. This paper presents a proposal for implementing a processing flowchart for high-resolution single-channel seismic data acquired in Guanabara Bay, followed by its interpretation. Geologically, it consists of mapping the Guanabara Bay Quaternary deposits relative to the drowning of a fluvial paleochannel that resulted from recent sea level changes. So far, high-resolution seismic data have been interpreted without any signal improvement, while the development of a processing flowchart for this is hardly addressed in the literature. The parameters were selected based on the processing applied to conventional seismic prospecting for oil and gas in order to compose a less extensive and more applicable flowchart. The results confirmed the efficacy of the processing applied to shallow seismic data, with noise and multiples attenuation and better lateral continuity of reflectors in subsurface, thus increasing the quality of the final seismic record.Keywords: Processing, shallow seismic, Guanabara Bay, high-resolution seismic. RESUMO. O presente trabalho apresenta uma proposta de aplicação de um fluxo de processamento para dados de sísmica monocanal de alta resolução adquiridos na Baía de Guanabara e, posteriormente, sua interpretação. O objetivo geológico consiste no mapeamento dos depósitos Quaternários da Baía de Guanabara relativos ao afogamento de um paleocanal fluvial como consequência das variações recentes do nível do mar. Até o momento os dados de sísmica de alta resolução vêm sendo interpretados sem a aplicação de nenhuma melhoria e a elaboração de um fluxo de processamento para tal é raramente abordada na literatura. Os parâmetros foram selecionados para a elaboração do fluxo com base no processamento aplicado à sísmica convencional na prospecção de hidrocarbonetos de forma a compor um fluxo mais sucinto e aplicável. Os resultados obtidos nos perfis analisados comprovaram a eficácia do processamento de dados de sísmica rasa, com a atenuação de ruídos, das múltiplas de fundo e maior continuidade lateral dos refletores em subsuperfície, aumentando assim a qualidade do registro sísmico.Palavras-chave: Processamento, sísmica rasa, baía da Guanabara, alta resolução sísmica.
UNION SEA LAND PROPERTY AND THE RELATIVE 1831 SEA LEVEL AT BARRA DO UNA BEACH
Authors: Mesquita Afrânio Rubens de , França Carlos Augusto De Sampaio , Blitzkow Denizard , Corrêa Marco Antonio , Trabanco Jorge Luiz Alves , Monteiro Mauro Quandt
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT. Measurements of relative sea level have been performed at Barra do Una (BU) located on the Southern Brazilian coast near the Island of São Sebastião, in São Paulo State, Brazil, relative to the sea level in 1831, as established by law n. 9760, 1946. The estimate took into account three plausible hypotheses about the change in global relative sea level from 1831 to the present and allowed to establish the “Terrenos de Marinha” on BU. The motivation behind this work, the hypothesesand the methods used are described, along a brief history of the “Terrenos de Marinha”. The discussion of the results reveals the need to reactivate the national network of sea level gauges, bearing in mind the clear evidence of relative sea level increase nowadays, on the Brazilian coast and the consequentneed of deﬁning legal standards for its use according to the law.Keywords: sea land property, Barra do Una, Southern Brazilian coast, relative sea level, global warming. RESUMO. Foi feita a medição do nível relativo do mar (Barra do Una, BU) situada na região Sudeste do Brasil, próximo à Ilha de São Sebastião no Estado de São Paulo, referido ao nível médio relativo do mar do ano de 1831, conforme estabelece a lei n. 9.760 de 1946. A estimativa se fez através de hipóteses plausíveis sobre a variação do nível global do mar desde 1831 até o presente e permitiu estabelecer a materialização do “Terreno de Marinha” em BU, ao longo dos termos da lei. A motivação deste trabalho, as hipóteses e os métodos utilizados são descritos juntamente com um breve histórico sobre os “Terrenos de Marinha”. A discussão dos resultados revela a necessidade de ser reativada a rede nacional de medidores de Nível do Mar, tendo em vista as claras evidências de aumento, nos dias atuais, do nível relativo do mar nas Costas Brasileiras e a consequente necessidade de deﬁnição de normas legais adequadas para a sua utilização.Palavras-chave: terrenos de marinha, Barra do Una, costa brasileira sudeste, nível relativo do mar, aquecimento global.
LONG-TERM VARIABILITY OF TIDAL AND MEAN SEA LEVEL COMPONENTS ON THE BRAZILIAN COAST
Authors: Harari Joseph , França Carlos Augusto De Sampaio , De Camargo Ricardo
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT. Recovery and analysis of sea level data from the ports of Belém, Recife, Santos and Cananeia, Brazil, in a decadal time scale, allow determining the seasonal, annual and decadal variability of mean sea level and tidal components, such as M2 and S 2, which are associated to a probably local phenomena not yet clearly understood and established. On the other hand, trending values of (relative) mean sea level of these ports agree with the variability observed up to now in several ports around the world; the mean sea level trend in Cananeia, about 40 cm/century, may be occurring along the entire Brazilian Coast. Keywords: Brazilian coast, relative mean sea level, tidal components, decadal trends, Belém, Recife, Santos, Cananeia. RESUMO. A recuperação e análise de dados de niveldo mar dos portos de Belém, Recife, Santos e Cananeia, Brasil, em escala de tempo decadal, permitem determinar variabilidades sazonais, anuais e decadais do nível médio do mar e das componentes de maré, como M 2 e S 2, as quais são associadas a fenômenos, provavelmente locais, ainda não claramente entendidos e estabelecidos. Por outro lado, os valores das tendências de variações do nível médio (relativo) do mar de longo termo desses portos estão em consonância com as variabilidades até agora registradas em vários portos em todo o mundo; a tendência do nível médio do mar no porto de Cananeia, com cerca de 40 cm/século, pode estar ocorrendo em toda costa brasileira. Palavras-chave: costa brasileira, nível médio relativo do mar, componentes de maré, tendências decadais, Belém, Recife, Santos, Cananeia.
SALINITY INTRUSION IN THE GUAPIMIRIM ESTUARY, RIO DE JANEIRO STATE, BRAZIL
Authors: Melo Gustavo Vaz de , Neto José Antonio Baptista , Vinzón Susana Beatriz , Oliveira Allan Sandez de , Vicente Michel Arthur Faria , Malm Olaf , Silva Cleverson Guizan
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT. This work was conducted in the Guapimirim estuary, the main tributary of the Guanabara Bay. This system is located in a preserved area in the catchmentbasin of the bay, inside the Guapimirim Environmental Protection Area. The estuary presents a meandering channel with 3 meters mean depth. The aim of thiswork is to evaluate the salinity intrusion dynamics in response to the tide and freshwater discharge, as well as its effects on the water column structure and residencetime. Surveys were performed to assess the salinity structure along the estuary main channel under different freshwater discharges (dry and rainy period) and tide (neapand spring). The results showed significant differences in the water column structure, presenting high stratification in neap tide and conditions homogeneous in springtide. The salinity front (SF) showed a bigger displacement in the spring tide. Under highly stratified conditions, in neap tide, its displacement was bigger with smallertidal amplitude. The location of SF inside of the estuary, in the high water, was influenced manly by freshwater discharge. The residence time in the Guapimirim estuarywas longer in neap tide and dry period, presenting a good relationship with freshwater discharge.Keywords: Guapimirim estuary, salinity intrusion, residence time. RESUMO. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido no estuário de Guapimirim, principal tributário da Baía de Guanabara. Este sistema se localiza em uma área ainda preservadana bacia de drenagemda baía, dentro da Área de Proteção Ambiental de Guapimirim. O estuário apresenta um canal meandrante com uma profundidade média de 3 metros. O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em avaliar a dinâmica da intrusão salina em resposta a atuação dos processos físicos como a vazão fluvial e a maré, assimcomo, sua consequência na estrutura da coluna d’água e tempo de residência. Foram realizados levantamentos sobre a estrutura salina ao longo do canal principal doestuário em diferentes condições de vazão fluvial (período seco e chuvoso) e maré (quadratura e sizígia). Os resultados mostraram diferenças marcantes na estrutura dacoluna d’´agua sendo estratificado em maré de quadratura e mais homogêneo em maré de sizígia. A frente salina apresentou um maior deslocamento em maré de sizígia.Em condições de alta estratificação, em maré de quadratura, o maior deslocamento da frente salina esteve associado a uma menor amplitude da maré. A vazão fluvial foio principal processo físico que atuou no alcance máximo da frente salina. O tempo de residência de uma parcela de água dentro do estuário de Guapimirim foi maiorem condição de maré de quadratura e em período seco, apresentando boa relação com a vazão fluvial.Palavras-chave: estuário de Guapimirim, intrusão salina, tempo de residência.
SUMÁRIO
Authors: RBGf Sumário Revista Brasileira de Geofísica
Published: March 2017

RBGf 32.2
SUMÁRIO
Authors: SBGf Sociedade Brasileira de Geofísica
Published: March 2017

Sumário
SEISMIC IMAGING OF HIGH SLOPE STRUCTURES USING ONE-WAY WAVE EQUATION MIGRATION TECHNIQUES
Authors: Santos Adeilton Rigaud Lucas , Pestana Reynam Da Cruz , Aldunate Gary Corey
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT. The two-way wave equation deal with the wavefield in all of its forms, including multiples, refractions and internal reflections in more than one layer. Disregarding the downgoing wavefield, that is, considering only the propagation of the upgoing wavefield, starts using the one-way wave equation and some of these events are not considered. Thus, in areas of simple geology, the solution of the one-way wave equation is a good approximation. However, if the geology is complex, with abrupt lateral velocity variations and sub-vertical interfaces, such as in the presence of salt domes, methods of migration employing the one-way wave equation fail in imaging this kind of structures. In this paper, we present a way to overcome this limitation, by propagating the downgoing wavefield in following step upgoing wavefield. From these two extrapolated wavefields we apply four different imaging conditions, generating four intermediate sections, and the migrated section is formed from the weighted sum between the previous intermediate sections. This migration method was tested in two geological models (vertical fault and in a representative section of the Santos basin) and was able to reconstruct the complex structures existing in the models.Keywords: seismic migration, Fourier domain, sub-vertical reflectors.RESUMO. A equação completa da onda trata da propagação do campo de ondas em todas as suas formas, incluindo múltiplas, refrações e reflexões internas em mais de uma camada. Ao desprezar o campo de ondas descendente, ou seja, ao considerar a propagação apenas do campo ascendente, passa-se a empregar a equação unidirecional da onda e parte destes eventos não são considerados. Desta forma, em áreas de geologia simples, a solução da equação unidirecional é uma boa aproximação, entretanto, caso a geologia seja complexa, apresentando variações laterais bruscas de velocidade e interfaces subverticais, tal como na presença de domos salinos, os métodos de migração que empregam a equação unidirecional falham no imageamento das estruturas. Neste trabalho, apresenta-se uma forma de transpor esta limitação, através da propagação do campo de ondas descendente, numa etapa seguinte à do campo ascendente. A partir desses dois campos extrapolados, aplicam-se quatro condições de imagem distintas, gerando quatro seções intermediárias, e a seção migrada será formada a partir da soma ponderada entre as seções anteriores. Este método de migração foi testado em dois modelos geológicos (falha vertical e seção tipo da bacia de Santos) e mostrou-se capaz de reconstruir as estruturas mais complexas existentes nos modelos.Palavras-chave: migração sísmica, domínio de Fourier, refletores subverticais.
An elm-based classification algorithm with optimal cutoff selection for credit risk assessment
Authors: Yu Lean , Li Xinxie , Tang Ling , Gao Li
Published: March 2017

In this paper, an extreme learning machine (ELM) classification algorithm
with optimal cutoff selection is proposed for credit risk assessment.
Different from existing models using a fixed cutoff value (0.0 or 0.5), the
proposed classification model especially considers the optimal cutoff value
as one important evaluation parameter in credit risk modeling, to enhance
the assessment accuracy. In particular, using the powerful artificial
intelligence (AI) tool of ELM as the basic classification, the simple but
efficient optimization algorithm of grid search is employed to select the
optimal cutoff value. Accordingly, three main steps are included: (1) ELM
training using the training dataset, (2) cutoff optimization via the grid
search method using the training and validation datasets, and (3)
classification generalization based on the trained ELM and optimal cutoff
using the testing dataset. For illustration and verification, the
experimental study with two publicly available credit datasets as the study
samples confirms the superiority of the proposed ELM-based classification
algorithm with optimal cutoff selection over other some popular
classification techniques without cutoff selection.
Could wind and PV energies achieve the grid parity in China until 2020?
Authors: Li Hong , Yu Yang , Xie Yuantao , Zhang Jing
Published: March 2017

Grid parity targets of wind and solar power are proposed in China Energy
Development Strategy Action Plan 2014-2020. The paper intends to exam this
proposal and pinpoints factors that may influence the achievements of these
targets. The method of levelized cost of electricity is adopted to compare
the price trends of wind, PV and coal power on the utility?s transmission and
distribution grids. The environmental cost of coal-fired power is estimated
and accounted into the price comparison. Results show that the levelized
prices of wind and PV power will decrease considerably during the period of
Action Plan. Neither wind nor PV power is competitive with coal power from
the utility or retail side in 2013. But wind power is approaching the utility
cost in 2020 and achieves the grid parity in provinces with the favorable
wind resources and unfavorable coal electricity costs. Distributed PV
stations can reach the grid parity on the retail level for business or even
industrial consumers when utility-scale solar plants still do not. The extent
that the environmental cost is accounted extensively influences the time for
wind and solar power at grid parity. These findings implicate that the
electricity price policies for wind and solar power should be positioned to
better promote their cost reductions and better reflect their environmental
values.
Game model of enterprises and government based on the tax preference policy for energy conservation and emission reduction
Authors: Zhang Guoxing , Zhang Zhenhua , Cui Yongjing , Yuan Chun
Published: March 2017

In recent years, greater efforts in tax preference policy for energy
conservation and emission reduction (ECER) have been implemented in our
country. Based on the tax preference of enterprise income for comprehensive
utilization of resources, the constraints to achieve completely successful
equilibrium are studied in the single period and multiple periods. In the
single period, the key to achieve separating equilibrium is analyzed
carefully by constructing a signaling game model of enterprises and
government on tax preference of enterprise income. In the multiple periods,
with the stochastic evolutionary game model based on the stochastic
differential equation (SDE) theory, the constraints of keeping the separating
equilibrium stable and continuing in a long term will be further
investigated. It gives the optimal number of tax preference of enterprise
income, camouflage cost and expected cost of risk under the state of
separating equilibrium. The optimal result of completely successful
equilibrium is obtained in single period by the analysis of numerical
example for enterprises and government signaling game model. The simulation
experiment is successfully finished to test the effectiveness of the
stochastic evolutionary game model by using mathematical software MATLAB.
Experimental measurements and modeling of solvent activity and surface tension of binary mixtures of polyvinylpyrrolidone in water and ethanol
Authors: Taghizadeh Majid , Amiri Saber
Published: March 2017

In this paper, the density (?), viscosity (?) and surface tension (?) of solutions of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) with molecular weights of 25000 (K25) and 40000 g mol-1 (K40) in water and ethanol were measured in the temperature range 20?65?C and at various mass fractions of polymer (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.45). The solvent activity measurements were performed at 45 and 55?C. Thereafter, two thermodynamic models for predicting the solvent activity and surface tension of binary polymer mixtures (PVP in water and ethanol) were proposed. The Flory?Huggins theory and Eyring model were employed to calculate the surface tension of the solution and the solvent activity, respectively. Additionally, the proposed activity model was dependent on the density and viscosity of the solution. Afterwards, the ability of these models at various temperatures and mass fractions were investigated by comparing the results with the experimental data. The results confirmed that, in the investigated temperature range, these models have good accuracy.
Estimation of the exchange current density and comparative analysis of morphology of electrochemically produced lead and zinc deposits
Authors: Nikolic Nebojsa , Zivkovic Predrag , Brankovic Goran , Pavlovic Miomir
Published: March 2017

The processes of lead and zinc electrodeposition from the very dilute electrolytes were compared by the analysis of polarization characteristics and by the scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis of the morphology of the deposits obtained in the galvanostatic regime of electrolysis. The exchange current densities for lead and zinc were estimated by comparison of experimentally obtained polarization curves with the simulated ones obtained for the different the exchange current density to the limiting diffusion current density ratios. Using this way for the estimation of the exchange current density, it is shown that the exchange current density for Pb was more than 1300 times higher than the one for Zn. In this way, it is confirmed that the Pb electrodeposition processes are considerably faster than the Zn electrodeposition processes. The difference in the rate of electrochemical processes was confirmed by a comparison of morphologies of lead and zinc deposits obtained at current densities which corresponded to 0.25 and 0.50 values of the limiting diffusion current densities.
Characterisation of lignite lithotypes from the “Kovin” deposit (Serbia) - implications from petrographic, biomarker and isotopic analysis
Authors: Mitrovic Danica , Djokovic Natasa , Zivotic Dragana , Bechtel Achim , Cvetkovic Olga , Stojanovic Ksenija
Published: March 2017

Four lignite lithotypes (matrix coal, xylite-rich coal, mixture of matrix and mineral-rich coal and mixture of matrix and xylite-rich coal), originating from the Kovin deposit, were investigated in detail. The paper was aimed to determine the main maceral, biomarker and isotopic (?13C) characteristics of investigated lithotypes. Based on these results the sources and depositional environment of organic matter in 4 lithotypes were established. These samples were also used as substrates for investigation of the influence of diagenetic alteration on ?13C signatures of biomarkers, as well as for assessment of the most convenient utilization for each lithotype. The investigated lithotypes differ in accordance with the composition of huminite macerals. Xylite-rich coal notably distinguishes from other lithotypes beacuse of the highest content of conifer resins vs. epicuticular waxes. The mixture of matrix and mineral-rich coal is characterised by the greatest contribution of algae and fungi and the most intense methanotrophic activity at the time of deposition. In all coal lithotypes diagenetic aromatisation influenced isotopic composition of individual biomarkers. Xylite-rich coal has the poorest grindability properties. However, this coal lithotype is the most suitable for fluidized bed gasification, whereas the mixture of matrix and mineral-rich coal has the lowest applicability for this process. The calorific value decreases in order: xylite-rich coal > matrix coal > mixture of matrix and xylite-rich coal > mixture of matrix and mineral-rich coal. The increase of organic carbon content and calorific value is controlled by the increase of contribution of wood vegetation vs. herbaceous peat-forming plants, as well as by stability of water table during peatification.
Solvent, substituents and pH effects towards the spectral shifts of some highly colored indicators
Authors: Masoud Mamdouh , Elsamra Rehab , Hemdan Sokaina
Published: March 2017

The solvatochromic responses of six indicators namely Sudan orange, Alizarin yellow R, Aurin tricarboxylic acid, Alizarin yellow GG, Titan yellow and Eriochrome black-T, dissolved in seven solvents of different polarities, have been measured at room temperature. The UV/Vis absorption spectral shifts were analyzed by the multiple linear regression analysis and Kamlet?Taft equation. The observed solvatochromism was found to depend on the presence of the donor and acceptor substituents in the conjugated systems of the indicator and the physical properties of the solvent molecules. The pH effects on the wavenumbers of the absorption band maxima of some indicators with different constituents at room temperature were discussed and the mechanism of ionization was explained. The dissociation constants (pKa) of the investigated compounds were precisely assessed and the existence of the individual predominant ionic species was assigned by constructing distribution diagrams at different pH ranges.
Inflation targeting and the anchoring of inflation expectations in the CEE countries
Authors: Nedeljkovic Milan , Savic Nebojsa , Zildzovic Emir
Published: March 2017

This paper studies the time evolution in the degree and level of anchoring of inflation expectations in four Central and Eastern European inflation targeting countries. The results suggest that the degree of anchoring of inflation expectations increased gradually in all countries over the last decade, while the level of implied inflation targets moved towards the official target. The extent of anchoring increased more strongly in the first years following the IT adoption and more gradually over the later period. We also find that smooth changes of the official target had a positive impact on anchoring.
Repurposed JAK1/JAK2 Inhibitor Reverses Established Autoimmune Insulitis in NOD Mice
Authors: Trivedi Prerak M. , Graham Kate L. , Scott Nicholas A. , Jenkins Misty R. , Majaw Suktilang , Sutherland Robyn M. , Fynch Stacey , Lew Andrew M. , Burns Christopher J. , Krishnamurthy Balasubramanian , Brodnicki Thomas C. , Mannering Stuart I. , Kay Thomas W. , Thomas Helen E.
Published: March 2017

Recent advances in immunotherapeutics have not yet changed the routine management of autoimmune type 1 diabetes. There is an opportunity to repurpose therapeutics used to treat other diseases to treat type 1 diabetes, especially when there is evidence for overlapping mechanisms. Janus kinase (JAK) 1/JAK2 inhibitors are in development or clinical use for indications including rheumatoid arthritis. There is good evidence for activation of the JAK1/JAK2 and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 pathway in human type 1 diabetes and in mouse models, especially in β-cells. We tested the hypothesis that using these drugs to block the JAK-STAT pathway would prevent autoimmune diabetes. The JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor AZD1480 blocked the effect of cytokines on mouse and human β-cells by inhibiting MHC class I upregulation. This prevented the direct interaction between CD8+ T cells and β-cells, and reduced immune cell infiltration into islets. NOD mice treated with AZD1480 were protected from autoimmune diabetes, and diabetes was reversed in newly diagnosed NOD mice. This provides mechanistic groundwork for repurposing clinically approved JAK1/JAK2 inhibitors for type 1 diabetes.
O espaço público (in)visível ao olhar de Jacobs
Authors: Zaiatz Crestani Andrei Mikhail , Brandão Pontes Brenda
Published: March 2017

NNossas experiências cotidianas na cidade – em sua face mais ordinária – são cada vez mais marcadas pela indiferença; pelo consumo temporário e pela carência de interações sociais espontâneas e significativas, que conformem o espaço público como forma social que admita acesso amplo e irrestrito às mais diferentes vozes e formas de apropriação (Sennet, 2006; Delgado, 1999; 2008); Deutsche, 2007). Neste contexto, interrogamos em que medida a obra The Death and Life of Great American Cities de Jane Jacobs – que se ocupou do espaço público cotidiano como poucos – ainda nos oferece elementos que nos permitam avançar sobre uma realidade já tão distinta da que originou a escrita de seu trabalho. Para além de um elogio à Jacobs, pretendemos aqui explorar as articulações dos principais elementos de sua obra, mas ao mesmo tempo reconhecer eventuais tensões e lacunas nela existentes que solicitam contextualizações e encaminhamentos complementares. Propomos assim revisitarmos sua obra nos perguntando o quanto/e como ainda é possível (ou não) convocar o olhar de Jacobs para pensarmos as condições da realização do espaço público na cidade contemporânea.Palavras-chave: Espaço público. Jane Jacobs. Cotidiano. Diversidade.
Entre en Dios de la fe y el Dios de los filósofos
Authors: Moreno Romo Juan Carlos
Published: March 2017

En el contexto de la Modernidad y de los debates actuales sobre la secularización, este texto busca lidiar con la posibilidad de hablar sobre Dios en la esfera pública, en el contexto académico y en los ámbitos intelectuales. La intención es aproximarse a este problema en relación a la cuestión de la verdad como telón de fondo, en el sentido de que sin la búsqueda de la verdad no puede concebirse la filosofía en absoluto. En el contexto de las universidades mexicanas, frente a las reacciones a la reciente visita de Benedicto XVI a la Universidad La Sapienza, en Roma, y a la concepción de la laicidad que tienen Régis Debray, Leonel Jospin y, más recientemente, Nicolas Sarkozy, el propósito de este trabajo es explicitar la posibilidad real del discurso filosófico.  
Some Approaches to Viscometric Study of Chitosan in Acetic Acid Solution
Authors:   Bashkir State University 32, Zaki Validi str., 450074 Ufa, Russia, Chernova Valentina , Shurshina Angela ,   Bashkir State University 32, Zaki Validi str., 450074 Ufa, Russia, Kulish Elena ,   Bashkir State University 32, Zaki Validi str., 450074 Ufa, Russia, Zaikov Gennady ,   Bashkir State University 32, Zaki Validi str., 450074 Ufa, Russia
Published: March 2017

Some ways of estimating the values of the intrinsic viscosity of chitosan were analyzed. It was shown that the method of Irzhak and Baranov for estimating the current value of the intrinsic viscosity allows to adequately estimates the conformational state of the macromolecular coil and its degree of swelling.
Solvent-free Microwave Extraction as the Useful Tool for Extraction of Edible Essential Oils
Authors:   Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, 60111, Surabaya, Indonesia, Kusuma Heri , Putri Ditta ,   Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, 60111, Surabaya, Indonesia, Dewi Intan ,   Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, 60111, Surabaya, Indonesia, Mahfud Mahfud ,   Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, 60111, Surabaya, Indonesia
Published: March 2017

Solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) is proposed as a method for “green” extraction of edible essential oils extensively used in the fragrance, flavour, and pharmaceutical industries and also in aromatherapy. It is a combination of microwave heating and dry distillation, performed at atmospheric pressure without adding any solvent or water. Isolation and concentration of volatile compounds are performed by a single stage. Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) was extracted with SFME at atmospheric pressure and 373 K for 30 min. The extracted compounds were removed from the aqueous extract by simple decantation, identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Hydrodistillation (HD) of basil was performed with 400 ml of water for 4.5 h for comparison of the results with those provided by the proposed method. SFME method offers important advantages over HD, viz. shorter extraction times (30 min vs. 4.5 h); better yields (0.13 % vs. 0.11 %); environmental impact (energy cost is appreciably higher for performing HD than that required for rapid SFME), cleaner features (as no residue generation and no water or solvent used); and provides a more valuable essential oil. SFME is a green technology and appears as a good alternative for the extraction of edible essential oils from aromatic plants used in aromatherapy and food industry.
Wireless Monitoring System of Household Electrical Consumption with DALY-based Control Unit of Lighting Facilities Remotely Controlled by Internet
Authors: Visconti Paolo , Primiceri Patrizio , Cavalera Georgio
Published: March 2017

Aim of this paper is to present a wireless monitoring smart system of household electrical facilities, with ZigBee/WiFi transceivers, able to detect absorbed current from electrical loads, to calculate dissipated power and energy by means of PIC-based software and to view, in real-time, calculated consumption values on web page properly realized for user’s remote control. Depending on light/presence sensors’ signal, the realized system can switch on/off the monitored electrical loads for obtaining energy saving and user satisfaction. Also by sending DALI-standard commands to slave loads (e.g lighting facilities based on LEDs), the user can monitor, remotely by using a tablet/smartphone connected to internet, the operation’s state and adjust the light intensity of each light point for achieving different scenarios. All functional tests, carried out on realized PCB prototype, have provided positive results allowing the use for the monitoring/driving of a real house’s electrical facilities.