bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An inner boundary condition for solar wind models based on coronal density
Authors: Bunting Kaine A. , Morgan Huw
Published: July 2022

Accurate forecasting of the solar wind has grown in importance as society becomes increasingly dependent on technology susceptible to space weather events. This work describes an inner boundary condition for ambient solar wind models based on tomography maps of the coronal plasma density gained from coronagraph observations, providing a novel alternative to magnetic extrapolations. The tomographical density maps provide a direct constraint of the coronal structure at heliocentric distances of 4–8R⊙, thus avoiding the need to model the complex non-radial lower corona. An empirical inverse relationship converts densities to solar wind velocities, which are used as an inner boundary condition by the Heliospheric Upwind Extrapolation (HUXt) model to give ambient solar wind velocity at Earth. The dynamic time warping (DTW) algorithm is used to quantify the agreement between tomography/HUXt output andin situdata. An exhaustive search method is then used to adjust the lower boundary velocity range in order to optimise the model. Early results show up to a 32% decrease in mean absolute error between the modelled and observed solar wind velocities compared to the coupled MAS/HUXt model. The use of density maps gained from tomography as an inner boundary constraint is thus a valid alternative to coronal magnetic models and offers a significant advancement in the field, given the availability of routine space-based coronagraph observations.
Prädiktoren für erfolgreiche Lebertransplantationen und Risikofaktoren
Authors: Riediger Carina , Schweipert Johannes , Weitz Jürgen
Published: July 2022

Die Lebertransplantation ist die einzige kurative Therapieoption einer chronischen Leberinsuffizienz im Endstadium. Daneben stellen onkologische Lebererkrankungen wie das HCC eine weitere
Indikation für die Lebertransplantation dar, ebenso wie das akute Leberversagen.

Seit der ersten erfolgreichen Lebertransplantation durch Professor Thomas E. Starzl im Jahr 1967 haben sich nicht nur die chirurgischen, immunologischen und anästhesiologischen Techniken
und Möglichkeiten geändert, sondern auch die Indikationen und das Patientengut. Hinzu kommt, dass die Empfänger ein zunehmendes Lebensalter und damit einhergehend mehr Begleiterkrankungen
aufweisen.

Die Zahl an Lebertransplantationen ist weltweit weiter ansteigend. Es benötigen aber mehr Menschen eine Lebertransplantation, als Organe zur Verfügung stehen. Dies liegt am zunehmenden
Bedarf an Spenderorganen bei gleichzeitig weiter rückläufiger Zahl postmortaler Organspenden.

Diese Diskrepanz zwischen Spenderorganen und Empfängern kann nur zu einem kleinen Teil durch Split-Lebertransplantationen oder die Leberlebendspende kompensiert werden.

Um den Spenderpool zu erweitern, werden zunehmend auch marginale Organe, die nur die erweiterten Spenderkriterien („extended donor criteria [EDC]“) erfüllen, allokiert. In manchen Ländern
zählen hierzu auch die sogenannten DCD-Organe (DCD: „donation after cardiac death“), d. h. Organe, die erst nach dem kardiozirkulatorischen Tod des Spenders entnommen werden.

Es ist bekannt, dass marginale Spenderorgane mit einem erhöhten Risiko für ein schlechteres Transplantat- und Patientenüberleben nach Lebertransplantation einhergehen.

Um die Qualität marginaler Spenderorgane zu verbessern, hat sich eine rasante Entwicklung der Techniken der Organkonservierung über die letzten Jahre gezeigt. Mit der maschinellen
Organperfusion besteht beispielsweise die Möglichkeit, die Organqualität deutlich zu verbessern. Insgesamt haben sich die Risikokonstellationen von Spenderorgan und Transplantatempfänger
deutlich geändert.

Aus diesem Grunde ist es von großer Bedeutung, spezifische Prädiktoren für eine erfolgreiche Lebertransplantation sowie die entsprechenden Risikofaktoren für einen schlechten postoperativen
Verlauf zu kennen, um das bestmögliche Transplantat- und Patientenüberleben nach Lebertransplantation zu ermöglichen.

Diese Einflussfaktoren, inklusive möglicher Risiko-Scores, sollen hier ebenso wie die neuen technischen Möglichkeiten in der Lebertransplantation beleuchtet werden.
Effectiveness and Safety of Allopurinol, Febuxostat, and Rasburicase in the Prevention of Tumor Lysis Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Masamayor Ella Mae I. , Besa John Jefferson V. , Tan-Lim Carol Stephanie C. , Pajes A. Nico Nahar I. , Palileo-Villanueva Lia M.
Published: July 2022

Although prevention is vital in managing tumor lysis syndrome (TLS), no study directly compares various regimens. This study compared the effectiveness and safety of urate-lowering agents in preventing TLS. Databases were searched for randomized controlled trials involving adults with hematologic or solid malignancies on chemotherapy or cytoreductive agents given allopurinol, febuxostat, or rasburicase alone or in combination at any dose, form, or frequency published in English by December 2021. Outcomes included laboratory and clinical TLS expressed as relative risks, adverse events as described by authors, and mean serum uric acid (sUA) as mean differences of area under the curve. A network of meta-analysis and post-hoc meta-analysis based on TLS risk using a random-effects model was done using Stata 14.0 and Review Manager 5.3, respectively. Certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. Three studies with a total of 633 participants given allopurinol, febuxostat, rasburicase, or rasburicase combined with allopurinol were included. Rasburicase is more effective than allopurinol in preventing laboratory TLS (relative risk: 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.32–0.81) based on moderate quality evidence. No significant differences were observed in clinical TLS. Adverse events were attributable to toxicities of chemotherapy. Rasburicase alone or in combination with allopurinol was better than allopurinol or febuxostat alone in reducing sUA level. Febuxostat is more effective than allopurinol in lowering sUA levels among patients at high-risk of TLS (mean difference −125.75; 95% CI: −223.47 to −28.02). Rasburicase may be the most effective agent in preventing laboratory TLS and maintaining low sUA levels.
Sexual Dysfunction and Sexual Concerns among Persons with Disability Due to Myelopathy: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Khanna Meeka , Gupta Anupam , Haldar Partha , Taly Arun B.
Published: July 2022

Background We have very little information about sexual activity and concerns of patients with myelopathy from India.

Objectives This article assesses the sexual dysfunction and sexual concerns among patients with myelopathy due to spinal cord lesion (SCL).

Materials and Methods Single-center, cross-sectional, hospital-based study among male and female patients in the age group of 18 to 50 years, with disability due to myelopathy due to SCL. The data were collected using a self-designed, pretested, semistructured questionnaire by face-to-face interview.

Results Eighty participants were recruited in the study, of which 62 (77.5%) were men. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of the participants was 33.7 (8.6) years, and mean (SD) age at time of illness was 31.4 (8.6) years with median duration of 17 months. Among 62 males, psychogenic erection was impaired in 77.2%, reflex erection was impaired in 78.9%, and ejaculation was affected in 70.7%. Orgasm was absent or reduced in 66.1% males. Among 18 female participants, psychogenic genital arousal was reduced in 66.5%, reflex genital arousal was impaired in 55.5%, and orgasm was absent in 38.8% subjects. Sexual desire in these patients was unchanged in 41 (51.2%), and decreased or absent in 39 (48.8%). Sexual activity involvement was there in 46 (57.5%) and 34 (42.5%) had not involved in any kind of sexual activity after injury/illness. The main reasons of noninvolvement in sexual activity were bladder and bowel accidents, spasticity, and difficulty in positioning.

Conclusion Comprehensive neurological rehabilitation should address sexual function of affected individual to allow them highest level of function and quality of life.
Optimization design of the acoustic metamaterial based on the co-simulation method
Authors: Liu Bingfei , Chen Fuxing
Published: July 2022

Once the structure of a metamaterial is fixed, it has the property of controlling elastic waves in a fixed frequency range. To obtain a metamaterial with an optimal structure, a co-simulation optimization method is proposed in this paper to optimize the acoustic properties of metamaterials. The method combines the advantages of COMSOL, MATLAB, and ISIGHT to obtain optimal results. Due to the application of the algorithms in ISIGHT, different design requirements can be met, such as designing the bandgap frequency of the acoustic metamaterial in a specific range, reducing the frequency of the bandgap, and improving the overall performance of the STL (sound transmission loss) without manual tuning. To test the feasibility of the method, a new double-panel acoustic metamaterial is also proposed, where the bandgap interval of the metamaterial can be designed to nearly 240 Hz by using the thickness of the support columns and the structural parameters of the open split-ring resonance as bandgap optimization parameters. The bandgap interval can also be lowered from 174 to 193 Hz when different optimization targets are chosen. In addition, the overall performance of the STL can be optimized, showing better absorption of low-frequency noise. Therefore, this co-simulation method can achieve multi-parameter optimization for different optimization targets and ensure that the results obtained by the applied algorithm are optimal. Furthermore, this method has great potential in further development as it avoids complex algorithm programming.
Research on preparation and properties of pH responsive superhydrophobic coating modified by SEBS
Authors: Deng Bin , Li Bin , Du Bin , Zhou Shisheng , Luo Rubai , Li Huailin
Published: July 2022

Smart materials with reversible wettability have attracted a lot of attention for application in sewage treatment. In this work, a pH-responsive polymer was prepared via the one-step free radical polymerization of 3-(trimethoxysilyl) acrylate and 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate. The obtained pH-responsive polymer was then coated with a hydrogenated styrene–ethylene–butadiene–styrene block copolymer to endow the material with pH-responsive switchable superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic properties. Due to the excellent self-cleaning and mechanical stability of the coating, it was used to modify paper, which was then successfully utilized in the treatment of oily wastewater, showing great potential for use in advanced applications.
A CFD analysis of gas leaks and aerosol transport in laparoscopic surgery
Authors: Crowley Caroline , Cahill Ronan , Nolan Kevin
Published: July 2022

Gas used to distend the abdomen during laparoscopic surgery is released to the external environment when trocar internal valves are opened during instrumentation. Particulate matter, including smoke pollutants and both biological and microbial materials, may be transported within the leakage gas. Here, we quantify the percentage of particulate matter that escape to the airspace and put surgical staff at risk of inhalation using a high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics model, validated with direct Schlieren observation of surgery on a porcine cadaver, to model the gas leak occurring due to the opening of 12 mm trocar valves around insertion/extraction of a 5 mm laparoscopic instrument. Fluid flow was modeled through the internal double-valved geometry of the trocar to a large external region representing the operating room (OR) space. Aerosol particles in the range 0.3–10 μm were injected into the simulation. A range of intra-abdominal pressures (IAPs) and leakage durations were studied. For gas leak durations of 0.5–1 s, at least 65% of particles reach the surgical team's breathing zone across all IAPs. A typical leak had an estimated volume of 0.476 l of CO2 meaning for a typical laparoscopic operation (averaging 51 instrument exchanges), and 24.3 l escapes via this mechanism alone. Trocar gas-leak emissions propel considerable gas and particle volumes into the OR. Reducing the IAP does not mitigate their long-range travel. This work indicates the potential for powerful computational tools like large eddy simulation to play an impactful role in the design of medical devices such as surgical trocars where complex gas dynamics occur.
Multicellularity in animals: The potential for within-organism conflict
Authors: Howe Jack , Rink Jochen C. , Wang Bo , Griffin Ashleigh S.
Published: July 2022

Metazoans function as individual organisms but also as “colonies” of cells whose single-celled ancestors lived and reproduced independently. Insights from evolutionary biology about multicellular group formation help us understand the behavior of cells: why they cooperate, and why cooperation sometimes breaks down. Current explanations for multicellularity focus on two aspects of development which promote cooperation and limit conflict among cells: a single-cell bottleneck, which creates organisms composed of clones, and a separation of somatic and germ cell lineages, which reduces the selective advantage of cheating. However, many obligately multicellular organisms thrive with neither, creating the potential for within-organism conflict. Here, we argue that the prevalence of such organisms throughout the Metazoa requires us to refine our preconceptions of conflict-free multicellularity. Evolutionary theory must incorporate developmental mechanisms across a broad range of organisms—such as unusual reproductive strategies, totipotency, and cell competition—while developmental biology must incorporate evolutionary principles. To facilitate this cross-disciplinary approach, we provide a conceptual overview from evolutionary biology for developmental biologists, using analogous examples in the well-studied social insects.
Discovery of active off-axis hydrothermal vents at 9° 54′N East Pacific Rise
Authors: McDermott Jill M. , Parnell-Turner Ross , Barreyre Thibaut , Herrera Santiago , Downing Connor C. , Pittoors Nicole C. , Pehr Kelden , Vohsen Samuel A. , Dowd William S. , Wu Jyun-Nai , Marjanović Milena , Fornari Daniel J.
Published: July 2022

Comprehensive knowledge of the distribution of active hydrothermal vent fields along midocean ridges is essential to understanding global chemical and heat fluxes and endemic faunal distributions. However, current knowledge is biased by a historical preference for on-axis surveys. A scarcity of high-resolution bathymetric surveys in off-axis regions limits vent identification, which implies that the number of vents may be underestimated. Here, we present the discovery of an active, high-temperature, off-axis hydrothermal field on a fast-spreading ridge. The vent field is located 750 m east of the East Pacific Rise axis and ∼7 km north of on-axis vents at 9° 50′N, which are situated in a 50- to 100-m-wide trough. This site is currently the largest vent field known on the East Pacific Rise between 9 and 10° N. Its proximity to a normal fault suggests that hydrothermal fluid pathways are tectonically controlled. Geochemical evidence reveals deep fluid circulation to depths only 160 m above the axial magma lens. Relative to on-axis vents at 9° 50′N, these off-axis fluids attain higher temperatures and pressures. This tectonically controlled vent field may therefore exhibit greater stability in fluid composition, in contrast to more dynamic, dike-controlled, on-axis vents. The location of this site indicates that high-temperature convective circulation cells extend to greater distances off axis than previously realized. Thorough high-resolution mapping is necessary to understand the distribution, frequency, and physical controls on active off-axis vent fields so that their contribution to global heat and chemical fluxes and role in metacommunity dynamics can be determined.
Ranging with a frequency-shifted feedback laser using frequency-comb driven phase modulation of injected radiation
Authors: Kim J I , Yatsenko L P , Bergmann K
Published: July 2022

Theoretical and experimental data is presented for the application of an injection-seeded frequency-shifted feedback (FSF) laser for high accuracy ranging. Previous work discussed such a ranging scheme with a phase-modulated single-frequency laser where the phase modulation is done by an electro-optical modulator driven by a single frequency Ω which is swept over a certain bandwidth depending on the given experimental situation. In the present theoretical and experimental work, the phase modulation of the injection laser is done by a frequency comb with temporally fixed frequency components at intervals Ω
d
spanning a bandwidth adapted to the geometry of the object to be measured. It is shown that the superposition of such FSF radiation returning from the object and a reference surface on a detector leads to a train of sinusoidal pulses with an instantaneous frequency Ωinst in the radio-frequency range. The repetition rate of these pulses is Ω
d
and their duration is

<
2
π
/

Ω

d

. The central result of this work is the observation that the path length difference between reference and object surface can be deduced from Ωinst, e.g. by frequency counting. The benefit of this approach lies in the fact that active frequency variation is not needed; all features of the entire system (FSF laser plus phase-modulated injected radiation) are constant in time. Proof-of-concept results using an FSF-laser ranging scheme based on a semiconductor laser are presented.
Sparse norm matrix machine and its application in roller bearing fault diagnosis
Authors: Wang Meng , Xu Haifeng , Pan Haiyang , Xie Nenggang , Zheng Jinde
Published: July 2022

Roller bearings are an important part of rotating machinery, and bearing failure may lead to serious casualties and economic losses. Thus, the implementation of fault diagnosis to ensure the smooth operation of bearings is an essential step to maintain the safe and stable operation of modern machinery and equipment. Recent data-driven intelligent fault diagnosis methods have become widely used. However, traditional machine learning methods are limited when using matrix data, which are forcibly vectorized as the input, resulting in their structure information becoming lost. Moreover, these methods are often disturbed by outliers. To solve those issues, this paper proposes a robust classifier based on a supervised tensor learning framework, a named sparse norm matrix machine (SNMM). SNMM constructs a pair of nonparallel hyperplanes, whose optimization problems are established by using L
1-norm distance and hinge loss. L
1-norm distance can reduce the sensitivity of the model to outliers and improve the robustness of the model. Furthermore, the generated dual quadratic programming problems of SNMM avoid the need to invert the matrix in the calculation process, so as to reduces the amount of calculation and to make SNMM more suitable for large-scale data. The experimental results on roller bearing fault datasets show that SNMM has the highest diagnosis accuracy and superior diagnosis ability.
Design optimization of a viscous clutch with an electrorheological fluid
Authors: Żurowski W , Osowski K , Mędrek G , Musiałek I , Kęsy A , Kęsy Z , Choi S B
Published: July 2022

The article describes design optimization of a viscous disc clutch with an electrorheological (ER) fluid. The design optimization is conducted based on mathematical models of ER fluid and clutch geometry. As important issues for the optimal design, the assumed values are: the torque transferred by the clutch, the dimensions of the clutch and the steady-state operating temperature of the clutch. The assumed design variables are: the angular velocity of the input shaft, the number of working gaps of the clutch and the selected dimensions of the clutch. The aim of the design optimization is to search for design variables such as the angular velocity of the input shaft, the number of working gaps of the clutch and the selected dimensions of the clutch, for which the clutch transfers the highest possible torque, while the dimensions of the clutch are small and the steady-state operating temperature is low. The design optimization is conducted searching at least two different objective functions created taking into account the volume, the transferred torque and the steady-state operating temperature of the clutch. Two numerical methods are used: the Monte Carlo method and the Genetic Algorithm method. The optimization calculations are performed for two sets of design variables, consisting of three and eight elements, and a final prototype designed via the optimization is depicted with the principal design parameters.
Sculpting bosonic states with arithmetic subtractions
Authors: Zaw Lin Htoo , Lasmar Zakarya , Nguyen Chi-Huan , Tseng Ko-Wei , Matsukevich Dzmitry , Kaszlikowski Dagomir , Scarani Valerio
Published: July 2022

Continuous-variable (CV) encoding allows information to be processed compactly and efficiently on quantum processors. Recently developed techniques such as controlled beam-splitter operations and the near deterministic phonon subtractions make trapped ion systems attractive for exploring CV quantum computing. Here we propose a probabilistic scheme based on the boson sculpting technique for generating multipartite highly entangled states of motional modes of trapped ion systems. We also investigate the effects of decoherence on the fidelity of the generated state by performing numerical simulations with realistic noise parameters. Our work is a step towards generating multipartite CV entanglement.
Scattering imaging as a noise removal in digital holography by using deep learning
Authors: Liao Meihua , Feng Yuliu , Lu Dajiang , Li Xianye , Pedrini Giancarlo , Frenner Karsten , Osten Wolfgang , Peng Xiang , He Wenqi
Published: July 2022

Imaging through scattering media is one of the main challenges in optics while the deep learning (DL) technique is well known as one of the promising ways to handle it. However, most of the existing DL approaches for imaging through scattering media adopt the end-to-end strategy, which significantly limits its generalization capability for various or dynamic scattering media. In this work, we propose an alternative DL-based method to achieve the goal of imaging through different scattering media under the framework of off-axis digital holography. As a result, the severe ill-posed inverse problem in scattering imaging is simplified as a relatively easy denoising issue for a deteriorated hologram. The experimental results of the proposed method show good generalization for not only different scattering media but also different types of objects.
Stimulated perturbation on the neutron flux distribution in the mutually-dependent source-to-absorber geometry
Authors: Mahmoud Ateia W , Elmaghraby Elsayed K , Solieman A H M , Salama E , Elghazaly A , El-fiki S A
Published: July 2022

The complexity of the neutron transport phenomenon throws its shadows on every physical system wherever neutron is produced or absorbed. The Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code (MCNP) was used to investigate the flux perturbations in the neutron field caused by an absorber. The geometry of the present experiment was designed to reach a simulation of an isotopic neutron field. The neutron source was a 241 AmBe with the production physics of neutrons being dependent only on alpha-beryllium interaction and is independent of what happened to the neutron after it was generated. The geometries have been designed to get a volume of uniform neutron densities within a spherical volume of radius 15 cm in every neutron energy group up to 10 MeV. Absorbers of different dimensions were placed within the volume to investigate the field perturbation. Different neutron absorbers were used to correlate the phenomenon to the integral cross-section of the absorber. Flux density inside and outside the absorber samples was determined, while the spatial neutron flux distribution produced by the AmBe source without an absorber was taken as a reference. This study displayed that absorbers of various dimensions perturb the neutron field in a way that is dependent on the absorption and scattering cross-sections, particularly in the neutron resonance region. Unlike the simple picture of reducing the number density of neutrons, the perturbation was found to influence the moderation of neutrons in the medium, significantly above 1 MeV.
Thin-shell wormhole supported by exotic dust in gravity coupled with nonlinear electrodynamics
Authors: Amirabi Z , Mazharimousavi S Habib
Published: July 2022

In the context of the spontaneously broken scale-invariant nonlinear electrodynamic introduced by Guendelman et al with a magnetic dominance feature, we construct a thin-shell wormhole. The surface tension of the thin-shell wormhole is zero in static configuration implying the exotic matter present at the throat is a cloud of exotic dust. We study the dynamic of the throat as well as the radial linear perturbation to investigate its mechanical stability. In the former case, the equation of state of the fluid on the shell is kept unchanged and upon our calculation the TSW is unstable. For the latter case, we consider a variable equation of state for the dynamic phase of the wormhole and with detailed analysis, it is shown that the TSW may be stable.
Tadpole cosmology: self tuning without degeneracy
Authors: Appleby Stephen , Bernardo Reginald Christian
Published: July 2022

Degeneracy is a method to accommodate exact, low energy vacuum states in scalar-tensor gravitational models despite the presence of an arbitrarily large vacuum energy. However, this approach requires very particular combinations of scalar field and metric couplings in the Lagrangian. In this work we study departures from the restrictive degeneracy condition — starting from a fiducial model containing an exact Minkowski space solution, we break the degeneracy condition in numerous simple ways to test if the resulting models maintain certain key features — specifically the dynamical cancellation of a large vacuum energy by the scalar field and the existence of a low energy vacuum state. We highlight the role the tadpole plays in eliminating the fixed points of the dynamical system, generically rendering both the scalar field and metric time dependent. Our results indicate that when violating the degeneracy condition but preserving shift symmetry, the metric maintains an asymptotic Minkowski state, irrespective of the presence of the cosmological constant. In contrast, when shift symmetry is also broken the asymptotic behaviour can radically alter. Regardless, the non-degenerate models in this work share an attractive quality; harboring low energy, late-time asymptotic states that are independent of the vacuum energy. The tadpole allows for a broader class of non-degenerate, self-tuning models than was previously realized.
Real-space Bell inequalities in de Sitter
Authors: Espinosa-Portalés Llorenç , Vennin Vincent
Published: July 2022

Bell-inequality violations reveal the presence of quantum correlations between two particles that have interacted and then separated. Their generalisation to quantum fields is necessary to study a number of field-theoretic setups, such as cosmological density fluctuations. In this work, we show how Bell operators can be constructed for quantum fields in real space, and for Gaussian states we compute their expectation value in terms of the field power spectra. We then apply our formalism to a scalar field in de-Sitter space-time. We find that, in spite of the tremendous production of entangled particles with opposite wave momenta on large scales, Bell inequalities are not violated in real space. The reason is that, when considering measurements of a field at two distinct locations in real space, one implicitly traces over the configuration of the field at every other location, leading to a mixed bipartite system. This “effective decoherence” effect is responsible for the erasure of quantum features, and casts some doubts on our ability to reveal the quantum origin of cosmological structures. We finally discuss these results in the light of quantum discord.
Watts-level ultraviolet-C LED integrated light sources for efficient surface and air sterilization
Authors: Luo Wei , Li Tai , Li Yongde , Wang Houjin , Yuan Ye , Liu Shangfeng , Wang Weiyun , Wang Qi , Kang Junjie , Wang Xinqiang
Published: July 2022

With the epidemic of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection, AlGaN-based ultraviolet-C light emitting diodes (UVC-LEDs) have attracted widespread attention for their sterilization application. However, the sterilization characters of high power integrated light sources (ILSs) haven’t been widely investigated before utilizing in public sanitary security. In this work, by integrating up to 195 UVC-LED chips, high power UVC-LED ILSs with a light output power (LOP) of 1.88 W were demonstrated. The UVC-LED ILSs were verified to have efficient and rapid sterilization capability, which have achieved more than 99.9% inactivation rate of several common pathogenic microorganisms within 1 s. In addition, the corresponding air sterilization module based on them was also demonstrated to kill more than 97% of Staphylococcus albus in the air of 20 m3 confined room within 30 min. This work demonstrates excellent sterilization ability of UVC-LED ILSs with high LOP, revealing great potential of UVC-LEDs in sterilization applications in the future.
Improving the incorporation of indium component for InGaN-based green LED through inserting photonic crystalline in the GaN layer
Authors: Li Yunqi , Wang Xinwei , Zhang Ning , Wei Xuecheng , Wang Junxi
Published: July 2022

We report on the effect of inserted photonic crystalline (Ph-C) in the GaN epitaxial layer on the incorporation of the indium component for the InGaN-based green LED. The adoption of Ph-C in the GaN layer shifted the Raman peak value of E2 mode of GaN to lower frequency and resulted in a tensive stress relief. The stress relief can be attributed to strained lattices restoring in the matrix of Ph-C and the GaN pseudo-epitaxy over the air-void of the Ph-C. Moreover, the HRXRD rocking curves and AFM results show that the insertion of Ph-C also improves the crystal quality. With the inserted Ph-C, the indium component in the multiple quantum wells of the green LED (Ph-C LED) was enhanced. This resulted in a 6-nm red-shift of the peak wavelength. Furthermore, the LOP of the Ph-C LED was enhanced by 10.65% under an injection current of 20 mA.
3D Modelling of Meteorite from Astomulyo Village, Lampung, Indonesia by Close Range Photogrammetry (CRP) Methods
Authors: Harbowo D G , Sitorus J H , Agustina L K , Muztaba R , Julian T , Malasan H L
Published: July 2022

This research was conducted to 3D model our meteorite collection based on photo-capturing. This meteorite are from Astomulyo, Central Lampung, Indonesia. It entry the earth's atmosphere and was found on January 28, 2021. The chance of object degradation nearly appears over time, so It is very urgent to obtain the 3D model of the object for further research necessary. 3D modelling was carried out using a non-metric camera to conduct the close-range photogrammetry method. It applies to modelling the objects based on photo data using the concept of collinearity by using a central projection system on the camera to record. The collinearity will produce an object point between the camera center and the object cloud point. Hence, this process forms the object model from the appropriate image projection, the tie point with the triangular irregular network model. As a result, it produces the DTM (Digital Terrain Model) object formation using stand-alone photogrammetric software, raster graphics, and 3D modelling software.
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L) Growth in Aeroponic Systems with Differences in Nutritional Time
Authors: Awalina R , Erona M , Rusnam
Published: July 2022

Lettuce is one of the vegetables that are often found and consumed by the people of Indonesia, but the demand for lettuce is always not fulfilled because the low production. Aeroponic system is one of the alternatives to solve this problem, because the aeroponic system has many advantages and does not require a large area of land. The purpose of this study was to observe differences in the timing of nutrition in lettuce plants with an aeroponic system. The study used a randomized block design (RBD) with a single factor, consisting of 6 treatments with 5 replications, so there were 60 experimental units. [t1= 30 seconds (on) : 10 minutes (off)]; [t2= 30 seconds (on) : 15 minutes (off)]; [t3= 30 seconds (on) : 20 minutes (off)]; [t4= 30 seconds (on) : 25 minutes (off)]; [t5= 30 seconds (on) : 30 minutes (off)]; [t6= (Non-Stop)]. The results showed that the difference in time of giving nutrition to lettuce in the aeroponic system affected the growth of lettuce and resulted in differences in plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf area and fresh weight for each lettuce plant. Treatment t6 (continuous nutrition / Non Stop) was known to be the optimum treatment which produced lettuce with a fresh weight of 207.5 g.
Monitoring responses of NDVI and canopy temperature in a rice field to soil water and meteorological conditions
Authors: Irsyad F , Oue H , Mon M M
Published: July 2022

Aerial photography of the vegetation canopy is an effective approach for spatial monitoring and evaluating physiological plant conditions precisely and accurately. This study aimed to obtain the relationship between the response of NDVI and canopy temperature in the rice field to soil water (before and after the irrigation process) and meteorological variables. This study was conducted in Matsuyama, Japan, with a rice cultivar (Oryza sativa L. cv. Koshihikari) and focused on the heading and flowering stage (July 31 - August 10, 2020). Aerial photographs were successfully detected the spatial variation of NDVI and canopy temperature across the rice fields. Taken NDVI by the UAV camera was successfully correlated with the SPAD value at the same point (R2= 0.96), and thermal imagery by UAV also successfully correlated with the hand-held temperature measurement at the same point (R2=0.84). NDVI values in the wet soil condition of the rice field were higher than those in the dry condition. Moreover, the canopy temperature in the dry area was higher than in the wet area by an average difference of 0.63 °C. The yield with high soil water content was significantly higher (P=0.03) than those in the lower condition by 0.28 kg/m2.
Nutrient characteristic of vacuum fried-dendeng lambok
Authors: Rini B , Nanda R F , Syukri D
Published: July 2022

The nutritional characteristics of the beef on the production of vacuum fried dendeng lambok as a specific traditional food at West Sumatera, Indonesia was evaluated. The nutritional properties such as amino acids, fatty acids and in-vitro protein digestibility of the vacuum fried dendeng lambok was compared with the conventional frying process. As the result, there was a difference on the nutritional characteristics between vacuum fried dendeng lambok and conventional fried dendeng lambok. All parameters such as amino acids, fatty acids and of vacuum fried dendeng lambok in-vitro protein digestibility of the vacuum fried dendeng lambok indicated the higher value compared to conventional fried dendeng lambok. It can be suggested that the utilization of vacuum frying process could increase the nutritional value of fried dendeng lambok.
Toxicity Test of Laban Fruits (Vitex pinnata Linn) by Using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) Methode
Authors: Rasyid M I , Yuliani H , Triandita N , Angraeni L , Anggriawin M
Published: July 2022

Laban plant (Vitex pinnata Linn) is one of the plants used as traditional medicine to prevent or treat a disease. Almost all parts of this plant can be used as medicine, such as the leaves, bark, roots and fruit. Acehnese people use this fruit to heal ulcers that are used by swallowing. However, until now there has been no study on the threshold for using laban fruit as traditional medicine. The use of inappropriate levels can cause a risk of health problems. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out an analysis to determine the safe limit of concentrations that can be consumed without causing side effects. Toxicity test was carried out in vivo using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method with Artemia salina Leach shrimp larvae as test animals. Result showed that the ethanolic extract of laban fruit was toxic with an LC50 value of 600,608 mg/L.
Magnetism between magnetic adatoms on monolayer NbSe2
Authors: Sarkar S , Cossu F , Kumari P , Moghaddam A G , Akbari A , Kvashnin Y O , Di Marco I
Published: July 2022

In this work, we report on an ab-initio computational study of the electronic and magnetic properties of transition metal adatoms on a monolayer of NbSe2. We demonstrate that Cr, Mn, Fe and Co prefer all to sit above the Nb atom, where the d states experience a substantial hybridization. The inter-atomic exchange coupling is shown to have an oscillatory nature accompanied by an exponential decay, in accordance with what theory predicts for a damped Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida interaction. Our results indicate that the qualitative features of the magnetic coupling for the four investigated adatoms can be connected to the fine details of their Fermi surface. In particular, the oscillations of the exchange in Fe and Co are found to be related to a single nesting vector, connecting large electrons and hole pockets. Most interestingly, this behavior is found to be unaffected by changes induced on the height of the impurity, which makes the magnetism robust to external perturbations. Considering that NbSe2 is a superconductor down to a single layer, our research might open the path for further research into the interplay between magnetic and superconducting characteristics, which could lead to novel superconductivity engineering.
Comprehensive environmental performance index (CEPI): an intuitive indicator to evaluate the environmental quality over time
Authors: Latif Nazia
Published: July 2022

Current environmental indicators assess environmental quality, but no single indicator measures the overall environmental performance of a country, state, or region in an easy and intuitive methodology. This paper provides a simple but informative indicator known as the Comprehensive Environmental Performance Index (CEPI) for 48 Asian countries for the period from 1996 to 2020. The CEPI represents a step toward clarity by combining six different indicators (Ecological Footprint, Environmental Quality, environmental vulnerability, environmental sustainability, adjusted net savings, and pressure on nature) data into one indicator. Contrary to other indices, the CEPI does not use complex mathematical procedures but is designed for simplicity, which facilitates understanding and applying economics to professionals and laymen. We adopt PCA (Principal Component Analysis) to maximize ease of understanding. In addition to Raw CEPI, which gives equal weightings to its components, we build weighted CEPI and show that the two indices behave similarly to the Asian data.
Measuring nonlinearities of a cantilever beam using a low-cost efficient wireless intelligent sensor for strain (LEWIS-S)
Authors: Robbins E , Kuether R J , Moreu F
Published: July 2022

In the context of experimental vibration data, strain gauges can obtain linear and nonlinear dynamic measurements. However, measuring strain can be disincentivizing and expensive due to the complexity of data acquisition systems, lack of portability, and high costs. This research introduces the use of a low-cost efficient wireless intelligent sensor for strain (LEWIS-S) that is based on a portable-sensor-design platform that streamlines strain sensing. The softening behavior of a cantilever beam with geometric and inertial nonlinearities is characterized by the LEWIS-S based on high force level inputs. Two experiments were performed on a nonlinear cantilever beam with measurements obtained by the LEWIS-S sensor and an accelerometer. First, a sine sweep test was performed through the fundamental resonance of the system, then a ring-down test was performed from a large initial static deformation. Good agreement was revealed in quantities of interest such as frequency response functions, the continuous wavelet transforms, and softening behavior in the backbone curves.
Efficacy of digital health interventions on depression and anxiety in patients with cardiac disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kaihara Toshiki , Scherrenberg Martijn , Intan-Goey Valent , Falter Maarten , Kindermans Hanne , Frederix Ines , Dendale Paul
Published: July 2022

Aims

Depression and anxiety have a detrimental effect on the health outcomes of patients with heart disease. Digital health interventions (DHIs) could offer a solution to treat depression and anxiety in patients with heart disease, but evidence of its efficacy remains scarce. This review summarizes the latest data about the impact of DHIs on depression/anxiety in patients with cardiac disease.

Methods and results

Articles from 2000 to 2021 in English were searched through electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase). Articles were included if they incorporated a randomized controlled trial design for patients with cardiac disease and used DHIs in which depression or anxiety was set as outcomes. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed. A total of 1675 articles were included and the screening identified a total of 17 articles. Results indicated that telemonitoring systems have a beneficial effect on depression [standardized mean difference for depression questionnaire score −0.78 (P = 0.07), −0.55 (P < 0.001), for with and without involving a psychological intervention, respectively]. Results on PC or cell phone–based psychosocial education and training have also a beneficial influence on depression [standardized mean difference for depression questionnaire score −0.49 (P = 0.009)].

Conclusion

Telemonitoring systems for heart failure and PC/cell phone–based psychosocial education and training for patients with heart failure or coronary heart disease had a beneficial effect especially on depression. Regarding telemonitoring for heart failure, this effect was reached even without incorporating a specific psychological intervention. These results illustrate the future potential of DHIs for mental health in cardiology.
Multiple generations of antibiotic exposure and isolation influence host fitness and the microbiome in a model zooplankton species
Authors: Cooper Reilly O , Tjards Sarah , Rischling Jessica , Nguyen David T , Cressler Clayton E
Published: July 2022

Chronic antibiotic exposure impacts host health through changes to the microbiome. The detrimental effects of antibiotic perturbation on microbiome structure and function after one host generation of exposure have been well-studied, but less is understood about multigenerational effects of antibiotic exposure and subsequent recovery. In this study, we examined microbiome composition and host fitness across five generations of exposure to antibiotics in the model zooplankton host Daphnia magna. By utilizing a split-brood design where half of the offspring from antibiotic-exposed parents were allowed to recover and half were maintained in antibiotics, we examined recovery and resilience of the microbiome. Unexpectedly, we discovered that isolation of single host individuals across generations exerted a strong effect on microbiome composition, with microbiome diversity decreasing over generations regardless of treatment, while host body size and cumulative reproduction increased across generations. Though antibiotics did cause substantial changes to microbiome composition within a generation, recovery generally occurred in one generation regardless of the number of prior generations spent in antibiotics. Our results demonstrate that isolation of individual hosts leads to stochastic extinction of less abundant taxa in the microbiome, suggesting that these taxa are likely maintained via transmission in host populations.
The Inequitable Burden of the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Marginalized Older Workers in the United States: An Intersectional Approach
Authors: Andrea Sarah B , Eisenberg-Guyot Jerzy , Blaikie Kieran J , Owens Shanise , Oddo Vanessa M , Peckham Trevor , Minh Anita , Hajat Anjum
Published: July 2022

Objectives

The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected the lives of people globally, widening long-standing inequities. We examined the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on employment conditions by race/ethnicity, gender, and educational attainment and the association between such conditions and well-being in older adults in the United States.

Methods

Using data from the Health and Retirement Study respondents interviewed between May 2020 and May 2021 when they were ≥55 years of age, we examined intersectional patterns in COVID-19-related changes in employment conditions among 4,107 participants working for pay at the start of the pandemic. We also examined the compounding nature of changes in employment conditions and their association with financial hardship, food insecurity, and poor self-rated health.

Results

Relative to non-Hispanic White men with greater than high school education (>HS), Black and Latinx men and women were more likely to experience job loss irrespective of education; among those who did not experience job loss, men with ≤HS reporting Black, Latinx, or “other” race were >90% less likely to transition to remote work. Participants who experienced job loss with decreased income or continued in-person employment with decreased income/shift changes had greater prevalence of financial hardship, food insecurity, and poor/fair self-rated health than others.

Discussion

The impact of COVID-19 on employment conditions is inequitably patterned and is associated with financial hardship, food insecurity, and adverse health in older adults. Policies to improve employment quality and expand social insurance programs among this group are needed to reduce growing inequities in well-being later in life.
Diversity in Social Communication and Support: Implications for Loneliness Among LGB Adults
Authors: Peterson Natasha , Lee Jeongeun , Svec Joseph , Russell Daniel
Published: July 2022

Background and Objectives

Current research indicates that structural and functional social network attributes influence older adults’ well-being. However, these linkages may vary by sexual orientation. This study examines how social communication diversity and support diversity are related to loneliness and differ between lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) and heterosexual adults.

Research Design and Methods

Using data from the American Association of Retired Persons Foundation’s Loneliness and Social Connection Survey of adults 45+ (N = 3,009), including 10% who identified as LGB, we derive entropy scores, which capture the extent to which network size and quality of relationships are evenly distributed. A series of linear regressions were conducted to examine sexual orientation, social network indicators, and their interactions in predicting loneliness.

Results

We found a positive association between social communication diversity and loneliness. This finding was qualified by the interaction with sexual orientation. In addition, we found a negative association between support diversity and loneliness, an effect that was stronger for LGB participants than for heterosexual participants. The effect of support diversity on loneliness was much stronger for LGB adults than heterosexual adults.

Discussion and Implications

While LGB adults tend to score higher on the loneliness scale overall, the findings suggest that communication and support diversity have uniquely different patterns of associations for sexual minority groups. This study highlights the importance of considering multiple dimensions of social networks and has implications for addressing loneliness for heterosexual and LGB adults.