bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Theoretical and Scientific Problems of Damasio's Conceptual Model of Consciousness
Authors: Augusto Rosa Luiz
Published: September 2022

Here I assess Damasio's conceptual model of consciousness based mainly on the concepts of emotion, feeling, and consciousness by analyzing its conceptual implications and its theoretical and scientific problems. One of the conceptual implications of the direct interaction between the concept of \feeling" and the concept of ‘consciousness" is the concept of consciousness as \feeling a feeling", which is also recognized by Damasio. The concept \feeling a feeling" directly implies the concept of consciousness as "an emotional perception of an emotional perception". Each implication has further theoretical implications that form a web of theoretical and scientific problems. I also argue that, since Damasio's model of consciousness is a neuroscientific model, it should provide a rigorous integration between the high-order concepts and the empirical concepts that underlie them, which, for example, is the case of Dehaene's model of consciousness. Moreover, at the end of the paper, I suggest some conceptual changes that would minimize the theoretical problems of Damasio's conceptual model of consciousness.
Labour Commodification and Global Justice
Authors: Corvino Fausto
Published: September 2022

In this article, I maintain that the social process of labour commodification, through which the individual capability to uphold a decent welfare is bound to participation in the labour market, poses a problem of justice from the republican prospective on freedom as non-domination. I first discuss the reasons we might hold that capitalism brings a form of systemic domination by virtue of one of its intrinsic features: unequal access to the means of production. Then, I argue for a minimum de-commodification of labour power as a criterion of justice, adding that it should be conceived as a cosmopolitan proviso because states unfairly suffer from their limited economic capacity to neutralize capitalist systemic domination. Lastly, I compare the normative account of global justice that I am proposing in this article with sufficientarianism, with the capability approach, and with Thomas Pogge's 'Global Resources Dividend'
A Hybrid Account of Scientific Progress: Finding Middle Ground Between the Epistemic and the Noetic Accounts
Authors: Goebel Clara
Published: September 2022

Whereas the progressive nature of science is widely recognised, specifying the standards of scientific progress has been subject to philosophical debate since the enlightenment. Recently, Ilkka Niiniluoto, Alexander Bird, and Finnur Dellsfien have revived this debate by setting forward a semantic, epistemic and noetic ac- count of scientific progress respectively. I argue that none of these accounts is satisfactory. The semantic and epistemic accounts might advance necessary conditions for scientific progress, namely an accumulation of true, justified, and non-Gettiered beliefs, but fail to specify sufficient conditions. The noetic account, in contrast, advances sufficient conditions for scientific progress, namely an increase of genuine understanding, but fails to specify the necessary conditions. To remedy these deficits, I advance a hybrid account of scientific progress between the epistemic and noetic accounts, according to which the accumulation of explanatorily or predictively powerful knowledge constitutes scientific progress. In contrast to the epistemic account, my account ensures that only scientifically relevant knowledge constitutes scientific progress, thereby evading the threat of underdemandingness. In contrast to the noetic account, my account does not impose a psychological requirement of grasping the explanatory or predictive power of a scientific development, thereby evading the threat of overdemandingness. A further advantage of my account is that it can preserve plausible features of the noetic account.
Letting the Truth Out: Children, Naive Truth, and Deflationism
Authors: Lightbody Brian
Published: September 2022

In their recent paper, \Epistemology for Beginners: Two to Five-Year-Old Children's Representation of Falsity," Olivier Mascaro and Olivier Morin study the ontogeny of a naive understanding of truth in humans. Their paper is fascinating for several reasons, but most striking is their claim (given a rather optimistic reading of epistemology) that toddlers as young as two can, at times, recognize false from true assertions. Their Optimistic Epistemology Hypothesis holds that children seem to have an innate capacity to represent a state of affairs truthfully. In the following paper, I investigate the problems this research poses for deationist theories of truth. Richard Rorty and Huw Price hold that the best way to understand truth or \the truth" is to understand the necessary conditions required for assertoric practice. Both philosophers present unique and very different deationary theories when it comes to construing truth. I argue that neither philosopher's approach is successful because they focus on truth and fail to recognize truthfulness as a norm of assertoric practice. I show that truthfulness is the elusive third norm of claim-based discourse and is consistent with Mascaro and Morin's findings.
Relative to What? - Interpretation with higher-place predicates
Authors: Samhammer Michael
Published: September 2022

Ordinary language contains groups of related predicates with different arities. Interpreting utterances that appear to contain an n-place predicate by using an n+m-place predicate to dissolve merely apparent disagreements and other misunderstandings is an established practice in everyday discourse. This paper aims to present hermeneutical maxims to guide and evaluate these interpretations through arity raising. In interpreting utterances by using a higher-place predicate, we should use only expressions that their authors themselves reasonably could have used and which would have been suitable to achieve their supposed purposes. The goal is to achieve a charitable, accurate reading that also maximizes the text's transparency to improve our understanding of it.
Categorizing Imaginary Objects
Authors: Arroyo Gustavo
Published: September 2022

Philosophers often invite their readers to categorize imaginary objects. These objects are not only hypothetical: many of them cannot exist because of physical or technological reasons. They are unprecedented or unheard-of objects. By categorizing imaginary objects, philosophers expect to gain knowledge about our concepts. In this paper, I challenge this general assumption: not every conceivable object can be described in terms of our existing categories. Although prominent philosophers held similar views in the past, they made no effort to provide a satisfactory explanation for such impossibility. The argument that I will develop in the following pages rests mainly on three philosophical assumptions: a) that concepts whose content philosophers attempt to describe denote "monothetic classes"; b) that concept formation depends largely on "ecological salience" (a notion developed in the field of ethnobiology); c) that in any monothetic class, we can draw a proper distinction between definitional and correlated properties.
Agent-Democratic Markets
Authors: Mildenberger Carl David
Published: September 2022

This essay examines a new way to exercise democratic control over the market. Instead of a democratic government interfering with a market's outcomes (e.g. via taxes or minimum wages), we may also "democratize" the market by requiring that all relevant group agents who participate in that market (notably: firms) be democratically governed. This is what I call an agent-democratic market. The purpose of this essay is to argue for the claim that agent-democratic markets are a normatively viable way to democratize the market - and potentially constitute a genuine alternative to the standard approach of subjecting market outcomes to democratic control
Intuitions and Values: Re-assessing the classical arguments against quantitative hedonism
Authors: Lanius David
Published: September 2022

Few philosophers today embrace quantitative hedonism, which states that a person's well-being depends only on the amount of her experienced happiness and suffering. Despite recent attempts to rehabilitate it, most philosophers still consider it untenable. The most influential arguments levelled against it by Mill, Moore, Nozick and Kagan purport to demonstrate that well-being must depend on more than only the amount of experienced happiness and suffering. I argue in this paper that quantitative hedonism can rebut these arguments by pointing out a shared systematic aw in their argumentative structure. In particular, I argue that they are based on thought experiments that invoke either structurally unreliable intuitions or intuitions that are not in tension to the tenets of quantitative hedonism. While this does not rehabilitate the theory by itself, it shows that the classical arguments against quantitative hedonism provide less evidence against it than commonly thought and certainly do not conclusively prove it wrong
Musicians (Don't) Play Algorithms. Or: What makes a musical performance
Authors: Sickinger Mira Magdalena
Published: September 2022

Our private perception of listening to an individualized playlist during a jog is very different from the interaction we might experience at a live concert. We do realize that music is not necessarily a performing art, such as dancing or theater, while our demands regarding musical performances are conflicting: We expect perfect sound quality and the thrill of the immediate. We want the artist to overwhelm us with her virtuosity and we want her to struggle, just like a human. We want to engage with the musical expression and rely on visual and physical cues. Considering that the ears of today's listeners are used to technologically mediated music, in this paper I explore the unique qualities of musical live performances and examine if our conception allows for new mechatronic inventions, in particular robotic musicians, to participate in this art form. Some of Godlovitch's main thoughts expounded in his work on "musical performance" [11] serve as a reference and starting point for this investigation. His concept of `personalism', which deprives computer-/program-based musical performances from expressive potential and creative accomplishment is an issue that I want to challenge by pointing out new approaches arising from a reective discourse on technology, embodiment and expression. The enquiry conducted illustrates, how in reasoning about machine performers and algorithmic realization of music, we also examine the perceptual, physical and social aspects of human musicianship, reconceptualizing our understanding of a musical live performance.
What Tim Can and Cannot Do: A Paradox of Time Travel Revisited
Authors: Jaster Romy
Published: September 2022

Time travel, it has been argued, leads to paradoxes, and in particular to a problem known as the grandfather paradox. Lewis has famously argued for the now standard view that the grandfather paradox is merely apparent. But underlying Lewis's solution is a faulty account of ability statements - one, according to which ability statements express possibility statements. I argue, contrary to Vihvelin and others, that an ameliorated view of ability statements allows for the same treatment of the seeming paradox. Hence, Lewis's take on the grandfather paradox stands despite the failure of the particular view of ability statements it is built upon.
Crystal structure of 3,5,6,7-tetramethoxy-3′,4′-methylenedioxy-flavone, C20H18O8
Authors: Gu Ming , Li Ji-Xin , Ye Jiang-Hai , Zou Juan , Liu Ya-Hua
Published: September 2022

C20H18O8, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 7.3855(2) Å, b = 28.1424(9) Å, c = 8.5863(3) Å, β = 98.4040(10)°, V = 1765.46(10) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0545, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1641, T = 273(2) K.
The crystal structure of dimethanol-κ1O-(5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-nitrophenyl)porphyrin-21,23-diido-κ4
O,O′,O″,O′″)manganese(III) trans-dicyanido-κ1C-bis(acetylacetonato-κ2
O,O′)ruthenium(III), C58H46N10O14RuMn
Authors: Zhou Tingting
Published: September 2022

C58H46N10O14RuMn, triclinic, P

1
‾

$\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 8.0148(18) Å, b = 12.141(3) Å, c = 14.843(3) Å, α = 107.379(4)°, β = 98.415(4)°, χ = 93.430(4)°, V = 1355.4(5) Å3, Z = 1, R

gt
(F) = 0.0509, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1400, T = 293 K.
Forensic and Expert Social Anthropology
Authors: Rose James W. W.
Published: September 2022

Social anthropologists have acted as expert witnesses in legal proceedings for many decades, however there has persisted a tension between social anthropologists’ readiness to accept the assignation of ‘expertise’, and the typical manner in which courts and legally empowered bodies characterise such expertise as the forensic specialization of an established scientific field. This paper presents a model for the distinction between forensic social anthropology and expert social anthropology, both of which play important probative roles in a range of legal processes. The key variable in this proposed distinction is the relative degree of independent causal modelling permitted to social anthropologists engaged by courts and other legally empowered bodies. In forensic applications, social anthropologists are called upon to independently detect and explain causal processes that link culturally specific ideas to real-world instances human social interaction. By contrast, in expert applications, social anthropologists are called upon to advise on whether causal models defined by the terms of a given legal process have been substantiated. This distinction brings forensic and expert social anthropology into line with similar distinctions made between forensic and expert applications of physical anthropology in legal proceedings, and offers a useful contribution to the reconciliation of social and physical anthropology as two fields of a single parent discipline.
Impact of COVID 19 on the demand for an inventory model under preservation technology and advance payment facility
Authors: Shaikh Ali Akbar , Das Subhajit , Panda Gobinda Chandra , Hezam Ibrahim M. , Alrasheedi Adel Fahad , Gwak Jeonghwan
Published: September 2022

Due to the COVID-19 epidemic, human civilization and the corporate world confront unfathomable risks to their continued existence on the planet. People all over the world are losing employment or seeing their incomes diminish due to the COVID-19 virus influence. As a result, its influence has a direct effect on the purchasing ability of consumers. When a customer’s purchasing capability is diminished, his desire for items decreases. Again, retailers or suppliers of deteriorative goods face a risk in this uncertain environment, since deteriorative products have a limited shelf life. They should have an appropriate business strategy in this circumstance to maintain their commercial profession. Taking all of these factors into account, an inventory model is created that incorporates the COVID-19 influence on consumers’ demand for perishable commodities with preservation capability. Customers are granted a partial trade credit term to enable them to sell the items on time. The proposed model is very intricate and not amenable to an analytical solution. Two numerical cases are explored and solved to demonstrate the proposed model’s practical usefulness. The eigenvalues of that numerical example are determined to demonstrate that the Hessian matrix is positive definite, i.e., to determine the average cost function’s convexity. Finally, we do a post-optimality study to find out how different inventory characteristics affect the best policies.
The limitations of investigating appetite through circuit manipulations: are we biting off more than we can chew?
Authors: Wang Joshua , Beecher Kate , Chehrehasa Fatemeh , Moody Hayley
Published: September 2022

Disordered eating can underpin a number of debilitating and prevalent chronic diseases, such as obesity. Broader advances in psychopharmacology and biology have motivated some neuroscientists to address diet-induced obesity through reductionist, pre-clinical eating investigations on the rodent brain. Specifically, chemogenetic and optogenetic methods developed in the 21st century allow neuroscientists to performin vivo, region-specific/projection-specific/promoter-specific circuit manipulations and immediately assess the impact of these manipulations on rodent feeding. These studies are able to rigorously conclude whether a specific neuronal population regulates feeding behaviour in the hope of eventually developing a mechanistic neuroanatomical map of appetite regulation. However, an artificially stimulated/inhibited rodent neuronal population that changes feeding behaviour does not necessarily represent a pharmacological target for treating eating disorders in humans. Chemogenetic/optogenetic findings must therefore be triangulated with the array of theories that contribute to our understanding of appetite. The objective of this review is to provide a wide-ranging discussion of the limitations of chemogenetic/optogenetic circuit manipulation experiments in rodents that are used to investigate appetite. Stepping into and outside of medical science epistemologies, this paper draws on philosophy of science, nutrition, addiction biology and neurophilosophy to prompt more integrative, transdisciplinary interpretations of chemogenetic/optogenetic appetite data. Through discussing the various technical and epistemological limitations of these data, we provide both an overview of chemogenetics and optogenetics accessible to non-neuroscientist obesity researchers, as well as a resource for neuroscientists to expand the number of lenses through which they interpret their circuit manipulation findings.
On »the Name« as a Messianic Title for the Servant in LXX Isaiah
Authors: Martin Michael Wade
Published: September 2022

Die Studie untersucht die These von Abi T. Ngunga, dass die LXX »der Name« in Jes 42,4 als messianischen Titel interpretiert. Um diese These zu überprüfen, analysiert die Studie andere Stellen, in denen »der Name« Verwendung findet (Jes 26,8; 29,23; 30,27; 41,25; 43,7). An jedem dieser Verse wird gezeigt, dass eine messianische Interpretation angesichts verschiedener Übersetzungs- und Redaktionsentscheidungen wahrscheinlich ist. In drei dieser Verse (Jes 41,25, 42,4 und 43,7) wird der Titel zudem dem Knecht Jahwes zugeschrieben. Die LXX ist somit ein frühes Zeugnis für die messianische Interpretation der Figur.
KESTANE KABUĞUNDAN ELDE EDİLEN POLİFENOLLERİN BİYOERİŞİLEBİLİRLİĞİ VE ERİŞTE FORMÜLASYONUNDA KULLANIMI
Authors: TÜRKMEN EROL Nihal
Published: September 2022

Bu çalışmada, atık kestane kabuğundan su ile elde edilen ekstraktın, toplam polifenol (TP) miktarı, bireysel fenolik içeriği ve antioksidan kapasitesi (AK) ile antioksidanların ve polifenollerin in-vitro biyoerişilebilirliği incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, kestane kabuğu ekstraktının erişte üretimindeki potansiyel kullanımı da araştırılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda kestane kabuğunda HPLC ile gallik asit ve ellajik asit tespit edilmiş; gallik asit miktarı (33.55 mg/g KM), ellajik aside (12.70 mg/g KM) göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Kabukların TP içeriği ve AK’sı sırasıyla 172.67 mg gallik asit eşdeğeri/g KM ve 174319.64 mmol askorbik asit eşdeğeri /100 g KM olarak saptanmıştır. Kabuk polifenollerinin biyoerişilebilirliği en fazla gastrik aşama sonrasında gözlenmiş, en düşük AK ise intestinal aşama sonrasında tespit edilmiştir. Erişte hamuruna, kabuk ekstraktının %1.0 oranında ilave edilmesi, son ürünün TP ve AK’ sını, kabuk ekstraktı içermeyen erişteye (kontrol) göre sırasıyla %89.36 ve %102.66 oranında artırmıştır. Bu çalışma, kestane kabuğunun önemli bir polifenol kaynağı olarak, gıdaların zenginleştirilmesi amacıyla kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir.
Rotina, possibilidades e desafios familiares de crianças e adolescentes com adoecimento mental acompanhados pelo Centro de Atenção Psicossocial.
Authors: Silva Stephanie Maiane Souza , Pinheiro Costa e Silva Susanne , Maciel Maria Joycielle de Lima , Matos Khesia Kelly Cardoso
Published: September 2022

Objetivo: Compreender as representações sociais de familiares das crianças e adolescentes acompanhados por um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenil acerca deste serviço.

Método: Trata-se de pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa e exploratória embasada no referencial teórico-metodológico das Representações Sociais, desenvolvida com 19 familiares das crianças e adolescentes em um serviço localizado no sertão médio de Pernambuco, Brasil, após aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética (CAAE 66524717.2.0000.5196). Foi utilizada como técnica para coleta de dados entrevistas semiestruturadas, processadas pelo software Iramuteq, com posterior Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin para interpretação dos dados, expondo-os graficamente através do dendrograma.

Resultados: Os familiares pautaram suas representações na rotina estabelecida pelo serviço, que passa a fazer parte do seu cotidiano e desempenha importante função na interação social dos participantes; nas possibilidades que o mesmo desenvolve na criança/adolescente e em toda a família que frequenta o espaço através do acolhimento e acompanhamento; e nos desafios que ainda se colocam para o cuidado mais efetivo.

Conclusão: Os participantes representaram o CAPSij como um serviço importante por estabelecer uma rotina que, embora modifique o cotidiano de todos os membros familiares, desempenha valorosa função na interação social dos usuários.
Methodology in the Cognitive Science of Religion
Authors: Geertz Armin W. , Nielbo Kristoffer L. , Van Mulukom Valerie
Published: September 2022

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Elucidating the contribution of microorganisms to the spontaneous fermentation and the quality of Ivorian cacao (Theobroma cacao) beans: The quality of Ivorian cacao (Theobroma cacao) beans
Authors: Oussou Kouame Fulbert , Guclu Gamze , Kelebek Hasim , Selli Serkan
Published: September 2022

Cacao (Theobroma cacao) beans are among the most important ingredients in food and beverage industries. They are mainly produced in tropical and subtropical forests. Africa is the biggest producer of cacao bean providers in the world and the Ivory Coast remains the world leader with an estimated yearly production of 3 million tonnes. Cacao beans are used in many food items such as chocolate products, cocoa butter, confectionary products, iced drinks, cocoa powder, etc. The quality and organoleptic characteristics of these food products are strongly related to those of the cocoa beans obtained from different processing treatments. The pulps surrounding the cacao beans are rich in water, sugars, pectins, proteins, minerals, vitamins, citric acid, and phenolic compounds. Many different processing methods are utilized and fermentation is a crucial postharvest treatment having a great influence on the quality of cacao beans and their related products. Spontaneous fermentation is a common practice carried out by the cacao farmers in Ivory Coast. The microorganisms involved in this process are primarily the yeasts (anaerobic phase), which convert the pulps containing sugars into alcohol with a sporicidal temperature increase and then the lactic and acetic acid bacteria (aerobic phase) that produce lactic and acetic acids, respectively. The degradation of the substrates inside the cacao pulps results in the generation of aroma precursors and compounds. The goal of this review was to elucidate the factors affecting the spontaneous fermentation of Ivorian cacao beans and clarify the transformation of the raw material during fermentation.
Representações sociais sobre cateterismo periférico pediátrico na perspectiva da família e enfermagem
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Brasil, Krempser Paula , Pereira Caldas Célia , Arreguy-Sena Cristina , Deleon de Melo Laércio
Published: September 2022

Introdução: a punção venosa constitui-se num procedimento de atribuição da equipe de enfermagem e destaca-se entre as tecnologias imprescindíveis para garantir a sobrevivência e a terapia das comorbidades agudas/crônicas infantis. Objetivou-se discutir as representações sociais dos profissionais de enfermagem e acompanhantes sobre a punção venosa periférica realizada em crianças hospitalizadas. Materiais e métodos: pesquisa delineada nas abordagens processual e estrutural da Teoria das Representações Sociais realizada na pediatria de um hospital geral de Minas Gerais em abril/setembro de 2018. Foram coletados dados de caracterização sociodemográficos que foram tratados por estatística descritiva; evocação livre de palavras não hierarquizada analisadas prototípicas e lexicograficamente e; entrevistas individuais em profundidade que foram submetidas a análise de conteúdo. Atendidos todos os aspectos ético-legais. Resultados: as representações sobre a punção segundo os profissionais de enfermagem estruturaram-se sobre as dificuldades em realizar o procedimento e na inserção da mãe no cuidado compartilhado e para os acompanhantes foram impactantes negativamente sobre seu psicológico. Discussões: as representações sociais da punção venosa dos profissionais de enfermagem reduziram-se às técnicas de inserção do cateter, negligenciando o cuidado centrado na família que por sua vez representaram os sentimentos ao verem a criança puncionada. Conclusões: as aproximações/distinções representacionais identificadas entre os subgrupos sobre a punção nas crianças contribuíram com reflexões apontando a necessidade de um redimensionamento sociocultural e humanizado dos cuidados de enfermagem.
Discordance between Emergency Department Electronic Health Record and Patient Self-Reported Data
Authors: Patel Mira , Hobbs Catherine
Published: September 2022

Electronic Health Records (EHRs) have many clinical, financial, and logistical benefits, yet the extent of their accuracy is unknown. We compared patient self-reported data at emergency department (ED) presentations with the corresponding EHR, focusing on key demographics, physical characteristics, and social history. Emphasis was placed on understanding whether major life stressors were noted on patients’ charts and how that could impact quality of care. Life stressors are defined as life-altering and emotionally demanding or traumatic events. We enrolled a convenience sample of 357 ambulatory, English speaking, adult patients at the Vanderbilt University Medical Center Emergency Department, an urban, academic, tertiary care ED (annual census 70,000). We compared the EHR with self-reported data from bedside patient interviews, including information on demographics (age, sex, race, ethnicity), physical characteristics (height, weight), and life history (smoking, life stressors). Data was described using median and percent frequency, and it was analyzed using Cohen kappa statistics and Bland-Altman plots. Between EHR and patient-reports, sex and age matched in 99%, and race/ethnicity matched in 90%. Race was more discordant when the patient self-identified as multiple races, as it was only reflected in 24% of those patients’ EHRs. Weight, height, and smoking were similar between patient interviews and EHR. Of 281 self-reported life stressors, only 75 were recorded in the EHR. Although most demographic and clinical data were concordant, life stressors were frequently absent from the EHR which suggests a discrepancy in data collection and maintenance.
Proceedings of the Rust-Edu Workshop
Authors:   Portland State University, Massey Bart
Published: September 2022

20 August 2022 The 2022 Rust-Edu Workshop was an experiment. We wanted to gather together as many thought leaders we could attract in the area of Rust education, with an emphasis on academic-facing ideas. We hoped that productive discussions and future collaborations would result. Given the quick preparation and the difficulties of an international remote event, I am very happy to report a grand success. We had more than 27 participants from timezones around the globe. We had eight talks, four refereed papers and statements from 15 participants. Everyone seemed to have a good time, and I can say that I learned a ton. These proceedings are loosely organized: they represent a mere compilation of the excellent submitted work. I hope you’ll find this material as pleasant and useful as I have. Bart Massey 30 August 2022
Adapting education to industry 4.0: a comparative study
Authors: Rojas-Arenas Ivan Dario , Giraldo-Martínez Edison , Atienza-Ubeda Miguel , Gómez-Sánchez Diego , Jiménez-Medina Elizabeth
Published: September 2022

Objective: this study conducts a comparison among three countries (i.e., Colombia, Germany, and South Korea) on the adaptation process of their educational systems within the framework of Industry 4.0. Method: a comparative study of multiple cases to analyze the differences between these countries, which are considered as ideal types of events in central and peripheral countries to understand the differences and similarities among their educational strategies. Analysis is based on secondary sources of information that enable comparability among the three countries. In addition, a documentary analysis intends to shed light on the educational systems and strategies proposed for each country. Results: evidence is obtained of various educational policies implemented in the three countries, which leads to doubts about the capacity of peripheral regions to remain up to date in this area. Discussion and Conclusions: many aspects, such as the level of economic development and central or peripheral position, directly influence the type of strategy applied by each country and its success rate.
Opinions of Social Studies Teachers on Environmental Education Through Social Studies Curriculum and Textbooks
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Fatih
Published: September 2022

As the number of global environmental problems is increasing day by day, one of the courses given in environmental education, which is gaining importance, is social studies. In this context, environmental education in social studies gains importance, as well. From this point of view, this research aims to determine the views of social studies teachers about environmental education given through social studies curriculum and textbooks. The research was conducted with a phenomenological design, one of the qualitative research designs. The study group of the research consisted of 8 social studies teachers working in schools affiliated with the Ministry of National Education of Türkiye (MoNE) in the fall semester of 2021-2022. The study data were collected with a semi-structured interview form prepared by the researcher. The obtained data were analysed by the descriptive analysis method. According to the research findings, social studies teachers are of the opinions below: the emphasis on the sustainability principle of environmental education in the curriculum is low, it is insufficient in terms of achievements and is not suitable for the level, however, it is sufficient in terms of skills. In addition, the textbooks are far from actuality, and especially at the 5th-grade level, the visualization is insufficient. While the applied-based education approach is mostly adopted in environmental education, it has been emphasized that the most important problem in the realization of environmental education is the procedure. Teachers suggested the practice and activity-based education approach and environmentalist content.
Enhancing the growth of coral microfragments using the 'Green Film' Husbandry Method v1
Authors: Page Christopher
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this method is to produce a repeatable husbandry protocol that increases coral microfragment growth, by selecting for benign and ubiquitous green microalgae (green film) to colonize culture vessel surfaces prior to the addition and grow out of new microfragments.
Study_Protocol_English_Wintermann_V2 v1
Authors: not provided gloria.wintermann
Published: September 2022

Objectives: Patients with Panic Disorder (PD) show an abnormal stress-induced functioning of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis. Different protocols for stress induction are of rather low relevance for the psychotherapeutic treatment. In practice, interoceptive exposure is often realized as Low Intensity Exercise (LIE), as compared to an incremental cycle exercise test to exhaustion. Currently, it is not known, whether LIE displays an effective interoceptive stressor 1.) leading to a significant anxiety induction; 2.) a comparable HPA- and Sympathetic-Adreno-Medullar (SAM)-axis response in both patients and healthy controls; 3.) stress responses under LIE are associated with treatment outcomes. Patients and methods: N = 20 patients with PD and n = 20 healthy controls were exposed to ten minutes of LIE on an exercise bike. LIE was applied as part of the interoceptive exposure, during an intensive Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in a day clinic. Heart rate was monitored and salivary cortisol samples collected. Before and after the LIE, state anxiety/ arousal were assessed. In order to evaluate psychopathology, the Panic and Agoraphobia Scale, Mobility Inventory, Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire and Body Sensations Questionnaire were applied, before (T1) and after five weeks (T2) of an intensive CBT. Results: LIE led to a significant and similar heart rate increase in both groups. Cortisol decreased over time in both groups, especially in male patients. A higher psychopathology before, and after CBT, was associated with a significantly lower cortisol response under LIE. Conclusions: In the present study, LIE led to a divergent stress response: while there was a significant heart rate increase, cortisol decreased over time, particularly in male patients. A lower reactivity of the HPA-axis seems to be associated with a lower treatment outcome, which may affect extinction based learning. The findings suggest, that interoceptive stimuli should be designed carefully in order to be potent stressors.
Contextualising Identity in Buchi Emecheta’s Kehinde and Chimamanda Adichie’s Americanah
Authors: Ngwaba Ijeoma Ann
Published: September 2022

Recent critical discourse on identity by most writers is geared towards identity negotiation. The reiterations of narratives on identity as a result of racism is suitable to refer to Jacque Derrida’s term, the hauntological as McCorkle suggests, in which “the thing that represents the demise of something also signals its continuation in a different form” (as cited in McCorkle, 2016). Slavery and racism necessitates the quest for identity in most areas affected by such experience. Most Diasporan writers often examine identity, ‘Otherness’, displacement, exile and dislocation which has also become the recurring themes in their literary works. This article is a comparative study on the quest for identity in Buchi Emecheta’s Kehinde (1994) and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Americanah (2013) and the inherent racism that pervades the entire London and American system. The literary works discuss the complex political and racial framework that has continued to support discrimination that most people of colour face. Thus they chronicle and deconstruct the inherent racism as a result of their quest for identity in a foreign land. Both authors write as a result of the recurring experience during their time which is obviously similar. The paper contends that Adichie’s Americanah focuses on racial concerns on African immigrants while showcasing the protagonist’s blog as an instrument of voice as regards the issue of identity. It further reiterates Kehinde’s efforts in succeeding in London against all odds. The article concludes that African immigrants affirm, and define their identity while reclaiming a space for themselves in the migrant culture.
Teachers' Perceptions Towards Professional Development Training Courses: Exploring the Effects on Teachers' Performance in the Saudi Context
Authors: Alruqi Saif M , Alharbi Mohammed S
Published: September 2022

One of the most important requirements in the field of English language education is the long-term sustainability of teacher professional development (ELT). As a result, investigating the potential impacts of PD on ELT teachers is an important area of study in this subject. By examining the effects of professional development on ELT instructors' performance, this study adds to the current corpus of research on professional development training courses. The research sheds light on the efficacy of teacher professional development in Saudi Arabia. This was accomplished by looking into teachers' perspectives of professional development techniques and challenges. An online survey was updated and administered with a sample of 115 male and female English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers for the objectives of this study. SPSS® was used to do statistical analysis on the survey's primary data. The comments of the teachers were described using descriptive statistics. Professional development has a great impact and effect on EFL Saudi instructors' performance, as well as a considerable beneficial impact on teachers' beliefs, practices, and students' learning, according to the findings of this study in response to the research question. The study offers pedagogical implications for EFL teachers in terms of professional development practices and skills that can help them enhance their teaching.
Anthropomorphism in Indian Visual Narratives
Authors: S Cynthiya Rose J , R Bhuvaneswari
Published: September 2022

The study of images begins to flourish because of the ubiquity of visual representations in communication. A visual medium communicates across ages and languages. Each artifact, like strokes, colours and gestures, has its specific meaning that highlights human behaviour. In stories, animals in human form delight and capture the audiences’ attention. The selection of animals and their projected ways reflects more than what is expressed directly in the text. As a result, anthropomorphism (nonhuman entities that talk and act like human) is widely used as a communicative tool to insist on sensitive themes. Simultaneously, there is a belief that anthropomorphism misattributed human-like abilities to nonhuman which can risk the people’s approach towards nonhuman. This paper identifies some of the degrees of anthropomorphism noted in Indian visual narratives from Malik’s Munnu: A Boy from Kashmir, Gupta and Rastogi’s Chhotu: A Tale of Partition and Love, Amar Chitra Katha’s Animal Tales from India, Samhita Arni’s Sita’s Ramayana, Amruta Patil’s Aranyaka: Book of the Forest and Samit Basu’s Tall Tales of Vishnu Sharma: Panchatantra. The study researches the role and importance of anthropomorphism in visual narratives.
A Linguistic Exploration of the Persuasive Appeals Used by Jordanian Sellers in Their Sales Pitches in Public Markets
Authors: Thalji Mohammed B. , Alshboul Sabri S.
Published: September 2022

This study aims to examine the promotional persuasive appeals in the verbal sales pitches that are uttered by Jordanian sellers in public markets while they are promoting their products. To achieve this goal, the researchers have collected a corpus of 180 verbal sales pitches from different sellers in different public markets in Jordan. Then, the data were scrutinized quantitatively and qualitatively by using the frameworks of Cialdini (2001) as well as Rabab'ah and Khawaldeh (2015) which contain several persuasive appeals. The study revealed that the Jordanian sellers promoted their products either by using one appeal or a combination of two or three appeals.
L1 Poetry and Moral Stories as a Factor Affecting Acquisition of L2 Oracy Skills in EFL Settings
Authors: Ahmed Mahdi Aben
Published: September 2022

The current study works on the belief that literature (poetry and moral tales) can be a powerful tool for acquisition of oracy in an EFL setting and studies the impetus given to L2 learning as a factor of exposure to poetry and meaningful stories in L1. It aims to investigate whether students’ L1 can play a positive role in reasonable L2 oral output on the premise of using literature in the classroom. The study also compares whether or not the students’ scores develop significantly as a result of the intervention.  It adopts a quasi-experiment design in which 75 level 1 Saudi EFL students at the Department of English and Translation participate by enrolling in a listening-speaking test in with evaluation is based on an ASL descriptors rubric. The intervention follows a version of Ochi’s (2009) practice of Interpreting Training Method (ITM) using Quick-Response Practice and Sight Translation (Ochi also uses Shadowing and Summarization in addition to these).  Findings show that using L1 literary genre can help in developing EFL students’ oracy skills.  Furthermore, the study reports that students gain in all the four elements as 2.7 points in comprehension and 3.8 in coherence, and 1.8 points in pronunciation and 1.4 in grammar/ vocabulary on a scale of 1-10, however, in comprehension and coherence the enhancement is significant, p =0.000. It recommends EFL teachers to integrate the use of L1 literature in EFL classroom as inputs in facilitating L2 output.
Analyzing Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye in Terms of Bakhtin’s Notion of “Heteroglossia”
Authors: Dakamsih Nusaibah. J. , Hammouri Raid. N. Al
Published: September 2022

This study aims at investigating the nature of Bakhtin's concept of heteroglossia, in Toni Morrison’s novel, The Bluest Eye, and how heteroglossia is achieved in Pecola Breedlove's interaction with others in terms of beauty and personal aspiration in the novel. Pecola is the protagonist of the novel, The Bluest Eye. The study’s main argument is whether heteroglossia has a significant role in revealing the hidden and implied intentions and meaning in Toni Morrison's The Bluest Eye in terms of beauty and personal aspiration. In order to prove the main argument of this paper, the researcher discusses Bakhtin's notion of heteroglossia and attempts to apply it to Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye. The study illustrates Bakhtin's celebration of the novel as a genre defined by its dimensions to include verified and multiple meanings best expressed in Toni Morrison's novel The Bluest Eye due to the novel's Chapterization, the narrators' voice, and Pecola’s recognition of beauty standards. The paper also shows how Toni Morrison's The Bluest Eye is being categorized as a dialogic novel according to its heteroclite structure, and the narrator’s voice.
Будущее сферы труда и социально-экономических отношений: возможности и ограничения
Authors: Ярных Эльвира Аркадьевна , Соболевская-Дударева Екатерина Вадимовна
Published: September 2022

В исследовании анализируется будущее сферы труда и трансформация социально-экономических отношений под воздействием основных глобальных тенденций. Гибкость и маневренность компаний, частных лиц и сотрудников — важное условие жизнеспособности в новых экономических обстоятельствах.
MIDDLE-HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS' ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE COVID-19 VACCINE WITH THE COVID-19 VACCINATION COVERAGE
Authors: Josia Michael , Fadilah Tubagus Ferdi
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the newly discovered Coronavirus, namely the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Daily cases of COVID-19 increased rapidly by up to 500% from May 15 to Jun 17, 2021, especially in Banten province; there were 53,472 cases, of which 10.4% were cases of children aged 6-18 years, causing an emergency to prevent the spread of COVID-19. One of the efforts to prevent COVID-19 in children can be through vaccination. Therefore, this study assessed students' attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccine, evaluated data on COVID-19 vaccinations in students, and assessed the relationship between student attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccine and COVID-19 vaccination in students.
METHODS
This study used a cross-sectional design with a population of students from Santa Patricia Junior High School with a sample size of 90 participants using cluster sampling technique and simple random sampling and then analyzed using the exact-fisher test. RESULTSThe results of the study prove that the most prominent characteristic aspects are female gender (64.4%), Age below or equal to 15 years (57.8%), having received the COVID-19 vaccine (86.7%), having a positive attitude towards the COVID-19 vaccine (85.5%), was influenced by other people around him (97.8%) and wanted to vaccinate against COVID-19 (86.7%). Students' attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccine with COVID-19 vaccination had p=0.324.
CONCLUSION
The analysis did not show a significant relationship between students' attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccine and the coverage of the COVID-19 vaccination (p=0.324; p>0.05).
KEYWORDS: COVID-19 Vaccine, COVID-19 Vaccination, Junior High School, High School, COVID-19 Pandemic, Theory of Planned Behavior
CUKA APEL MENURUNKAN BERAT BADAN TIKUS DENGAN OBESITAS
Authors: Fitriyani Fitriyani , Kurniasari Kurniasari
Published: September 2022

LATAR BELAKANG

Obesitas telah menjadi masalah global dalam sepuluh tahun terakhir. Angka kejadian obesitas yang terus bertambah menyebabkan meningkatnya jumlah kematian akibat berbagai penyakit terkait obesitas. Farmakoterapi obesitas yang ada saat ini terbatas dan memiliki berbagai efek samping. Cuka apel merupakan salah satu jenis bahan alamiah yang digunakan oleh masyarakat umum untuk menurunkan berat badan.

 

METODE

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan menggunakan hewan coba. Sebayak 36 ekor tikus Spraque Dawley berusia 1-2 bulan diberikan diit tinggi lemak selama 5 minggu. Tikus dengan obesitas dibagi dalam 3 kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol, kelompok P1 yang diberi cuka apel dosis 0,096ml/100g/kali dan kelompok P2 yang diberi cuka apel dosis 0,192ml/100g/kali, masing-masing 2 kali sehari. Perlakuan diberikan selama 4 minggu. Berat badan dan sisa makanan ditimbang selama perlakuan. Data berat badan akhir dianalisa dengan uji Kruskal-Wallis dan selisih berat badan dianalisa dengan uji one-way ANOVA yang dilanjutkan dengan uji  post hoc Turkey.

 

HASIL

Tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna berat badan akhir antara 3 kelompok (p=0,55), namun terdapat perbedaan selisih berat badan bermakna antara kelompok  kontrol dengan kelompok P1 (p=0,001) dan kelompok kontrol dengan kelompok P2 (p=0,000).

 

KESIMPULAN

Pemberian cuka apel dengan dua dosis berbeda pada penelitian ini memberikan efek penurunan berat badan pada tikus dengan obesitas
Efek Antiinflamasi Ekstrak Kulit Tamarillo: Pemeriksaan Kadar IL-6 Tikus Pasca Induksi Karagenin
Authors: Salsabila Sasya Anursyah , Sudiono Janti
Published: September 2022

Latar belakang

Inflamasi adalah respon protektif tubuh terhadap cedera dengan pelepasan sitokin pro inflamasi salah satunya IL-6. Ekstrak etanol kulit buah Tamarillo atau terung belanda (Solanum betaceum Cav.) mengandung senyawa flavanoid yang berpotensi sebagai antiinflamasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi efek antiinflamasi ekstrak etanol kulit buah terung belanda (Solanum betaceum Cav.) pada tikus yang diinduksi karagenin dengan mengukur kadar IL-6.

Metode

Kulit buah terung belanda diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 70%. Uji antiinflamasi menggunakan 30 ekor tikus yang dibagi menjadi lima kelompok yaitu kontrol positif (natrium diklofenak), kontrol negatif (NaCl), dan ekstrak etanol kulit buah terung belanda dosis 70mg/kgBB, 140mg/kgBB, dan 280mg/kgBB. Setelah pemberian perlakuan, tikus diinjeksikan karagenin sebagai penginduksi inflamasi, dan dilakukan pengambilan sampel darah dalam tiga waktu yaitu 24, 48 dan 72 jam pasca induksi karagenin serta pengukuran kadar IL-6 menggunakan ELISA kit untuk menentukan aktifitas antiinflamasi.

Hasil

Kadar Il-6 terendah yaitu 13,853 pg/ml, ditemukan 24 jam pasca induksi karagenin pada kelompok ekstrak 140 mg/kgBB, 48 jam pada kelompok 280 mg/kgBB, dan 72 jam pada kelompok 70 mg/kgBB. Pada 24 jam, kelompok 140 mg/kgBB menunjukkan kadar IL-6 lebih rendah dibandingkan kontrol positif dengan perbedaan bermakna (p=0,001<0.05)

Kesimpulan: Ekstrak etanol kulit buah terung belanda efektif sebagai antiinflamasi terutama pada durasi 24 jam dan dengan konsentrasi 140 mg/kgBB

Kata kunci: Solanum betaceum Cav., kulit buah, ekstrak etanol, karagenin, IL-6
Sumário Revista Brasileira de Direito
Authors: Boff Salete Oro
Published: September 2022

Sumário Revista Brasileira de Direito