bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Religiosity, Attachment to God and Education Level on Mental Health of Youth in Gereja Kristen Jawi Wetan (GKJW) Rungkut Surabaya in Indonesia
Authors: Daniel Dirtilan , Juanda Juanda , Lambertus Frederich Oscar
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study was to assess the mental health conditions influences by religiosity, education level and attachment to God on the mental health of youth in GKJW Rungkut, Surabaya. Data were collected using a questionnaire administered to youth in GKJW Rungkut, Surabaya, aged between 16 and 35 years. The sample comprised 120 respondents. The questionnaire used a Likert scale (1-5), and statistical analysis was conducted using Warp-PLS. The results indicate that the levels of religiosity and mental health among the youth in GKJW Rungkut, Surabaya, are significant. However, aspects such as anxiety and low self-esteem are still at a moderate level. This suggests that a significant level of religiosity alone has not been able to fully address anxiety and low self-esteem. Statistical testing revealed that religiosity, education level, and attachment to God have a simultaneous influence on the mental health of the youth in GKJW Rungkut. The research model demonstrated adequate predictive relevance (Q² > 0), indicating that it can be used for further research.
God Fights to Save the Nation of Israel: A Historical-Critical Review of Exodus 15:1-21
Authors: Tambun Roy Haries Ifraldo
Published: November 2024

In the context of Israel’s liberation from Egyptian slavery, God is depicted as the victor who defeats Pharaoh through the drowning of the Egyptian army in the Red Sea. God's power, surpassing that of Egypt, underscores that this deliverance was entirely the result of His might, without direct intervention from the people of Israel. Through the narrative of Exodus 15:1-21, the author highlights the relationship between the song of salvation sung by Moses and Miriam and the destruction experienced by Egypt. This song is an expression of gratitude for the victory granted by God, showing His favor towards the Israelites. The author hypothesizes that the destruction of the enemy is a manifestation of God’s glory as a Divine Warrior, who fights against sin and brings salvation to His people. The theoretical framework includes an etymological and terminological analysis of the concepts of warfare, salvation, and song in the biblical context. Warfare is seen as a divine act to display God's glory through victory over enemies. Salvation is understood as liberation from both physical and spiritual oppression, ultimately fulfilled in the name of Jesus Christ. Song, as an expression of thanksgiving, reinforces the theme of salvation in the Exodus narrative, where the Israelites celebrate their deliverance by praising God. Overall, this study affirms that the event of Israel’s liberation is central to the Old Testament’s salvation history, with God serving as the Savior and Warrior who brings victory to His people.
Advances in 3D printing technology for preparing bone tissue engineering scaffolds from biodegradable materials
Authors: Wang Zhen , Sun Yanan , Li Chen
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Bone tissue engineering (BTE) provides an effective repair solution by implanting osteoblasts or stem cells into biocompatible and biodegradable scaffolds to promote bone regeneration. In recent years, the rapid development of 3D bioprinting has enabled its extensive application in fabricating BTE scaffolds. Based on three-dimensional computer models and specialized “bio-inks,” this technology offers new pathways for customizing BTE scaffolds. This study reviews the current status and future prospects of scaffold materials for BTE in 3D bioprinting.

Methods

This literature review collected recent studies on BTE and 3D bioprinting, analyzing the advantages and limitations of various scaffold materials for 3D printing, including bioceramics, metals, natural polymers, and synthetic polymers. Key characteristics like biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and degradation rates of these materials were systematically compared.

Results

The study highlights the diverse performances of materials used in BTE scaffolds. Bioceramics exhibit excellent biocompatibility but suffer from brittleness; metals offer high strength but may induce chronic inflammation; natural polymers are biocompatible yet have poor mechanical properties, while synthetic polymers offer strong tunability but may produce acidic by-products during degradation. Additionally, integrating 3D bioprinting with composite materials could enhance scaffold biocompatibility and mechanical properties, presenting viable solutions to current challenges.

Discussion

This review summarizes recent advances in 3D bioprinting for BTE scaffold applications, exploring the strengths and limitations of various materials and proposing composite material combinations to improve scaffold performance. By optimizing material selection and combinations, 3D bioprinting shows promise for creating customized scaffolds, offering a new technical route for clinical applications of BTE. This research provides a unique perspective and theoretical support for advancing 3D bioprinting technology in bone regeneration, outlining future directions for BTE materials and 3D bioprinting technology development.
Provenance of the Xiashu loess in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China: a review
Authors: Qian Peng , Wu Yunjie , Tian Zhuang , Yang Lei , Zheng Xiangmin , Luo Jieqiong
Published: November 2024

The Xiashu loess is an important aeolian deposit in eastern China. Research on the provenance of the Xiashu loess, located along the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, has entered into a new stage, compelling us to review the previous research findings in order to provide direction for future research. In this study, we enumerate three different viewpoints regarding the major sources of the loess in eastern China, including distant sources, proximal sources, and mixed sources. We also discuss disturbance factors, methods, and research on the provenance of the Xiashu loess. Previous research has showed that, on the basis of geochronology and meticulous grain grading data, good results as to the loess’ provenance can be obtained using immobile geochemical index tracers that are not affected by chemical weathering or grain size effects. Examples include detrital zircon U-Pb age spectra, major and trace element ratios, stable isotopic composition, and slowly weatherable minerals. However, differences in the data do exist, e.g., for the immobile geochemical provenance tracing indexes of the loess. Also still under debate is the age of the lower boundary of the loess. Therefore, exploring the spatial-temporal variations of the provenance, along with the coupling relationship between the paleoclimate environment evolution and the onset of the loess accumulation, should be comprehensively considered in future research.
A correlative study on the pore structure and water state of ancient decayed ivory from Sanxingdui site
Authors: Jiang Lang , Xiang Shilin , Wang Yi , Jiang Luman , Wang Ning , Tong Leixu , Xiao Lin , Xiao Qing , Wang Fengjiao , Zhao Lijuan , Hong Jing
Published: November 2024

The discovery of a large number of ancient ivory and ivory artifacts in Sanxingdui site has elevated the importance of ancient ivory relics to the level of exploring the origins of Chinese civilization. To clarify the current preservation status of decayed ivory excavated from the Sanxingdui site, we have conducted an in-depth analysis of the structure-water state relationship of the ivory unearthed from the No. 4 sacrificial pit (K4) as an example. The research indicates that the ancient decayed ivory is composed of a mixed phase of hydroxyapatite [HA, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2] and carbonated hydroxyapatite [CHA, Ca10(PO4)3(CO3)3(OH)2], which has a mixed structure of sheet-like and needle-like crystals. The organic fibrous protein within the ivory has basically disappeared, resulting in a porous structure with a porosity of approximately 39.2%. The pore size distribution is concentrated in the range of 2.5–100 nm, dominated by mesopores, with a handful of micropores. These pore structures are occupied by adsorbed water, free water and bound water, exhibiting a high water content (35%–40%). These water molecules play a filling and supporting role in the pore structure. During the dehydration and deterioration process of the ancient decayed ivory, the loss of water support results in internal stress within the microstructure of the ivory, leading to irreversible damage such as peeling, pulverization and cracking. The correlation study between the pore structure and water state of ancient decayed ivory provides clues for tracing the geological environment, sacrificial rituals, and ecological environments of ivories in ancient times, serving as a crucial window into Earth’s history and biological evolution.
Glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids in hair: facilitating accurate diagnosis of adrenal-related endocrine disorders
Authors: Heyns Bianca , Pieters Rialet , Stander Marietjie Aletta , Atkin Stephen Lawrence , Swart Amanda Cecilia
Published: November 2024

Background

Glucocorticoids and androgens in the hair follicle have been of interest for many years, particularly cortisol and cortisone in retrospective studies associated with chronic stress and Cushing’s syndrome. No studies have reported aldosterone or 18-hydroxycorticosterone in the adrenal mineralocorticoid panel in the hair follicle. This study aimed to identify potential biomarkers in endocrine conditions associated with steroid excess or deficiency using a novel extraction protocol in the analysis of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids in the hair follicle.

Methods and findings

Hair was collected from 15 healthy male and female volunteers. Segments that were cut along the length of long, medium, and short hair and segments shaved on the scalp and the cheek were prepared for analysis. Hair samples were extracted using an automated accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) system. Steroids were analyzed using high-throughput ultra-performance convergence chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. All mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids were detected above the lower limit of quantification and none of the steroids differed statistically comparing male and female concentrations. Deoxycortisol, deoxycorticosterone, and aldosterone were detected for the first time in men. In both genders, 18-hydroxycortisosterone was detected for the first time. The median concentrations for women and men, respectively, were as follows: deoxycortisol, 14.2 and 19.2 pg/mg; cortisol, 34.7 and 33.9 pg/mg; cortisone, 22.4 and 22.0 pg/mg; deoxycorticosterone, 83.0 and 50.2 pg/mg; corticosterone, 10.9 and 11.5 pg/mg; 18-hydroxycorticosterone, 24.8 and 24.8 pg/mg; and aldosterone, 23.4 and 22.7 pg/mg. Deoxycortisol and deoxycorticosterone showed marked fluctuation along the hair follicle in both genders and showed inter-individual variance. Conversely, cortisol, cortisone, corticosterone, 18-hydroxycortisosterone, and aldosterone did not fluctuate, with no inter-individual variance. Cortisol was 1.5-fold higher than cortisone in accordance with the circulatory cortisol/cortisone relationship.

Conclusions

The novel extraction method optimized steroid measurement, showing the consistency of measurement for glucocorticoids, cortisol and cortisone, and mineralocorticoids, corticosterone, 18-hydroxycorticosterone, and aldosterone. Data suggest these steroids in the hair follicle to be ideal biomarkers in improving diagnostic testing, investigating conditions of steroid excess or deficiency in hypoaldosteronism, primary hyperaldosteronism, Cushing’s syndrome, and the congenital adrenal hyperplasia subtypes.
Multilevel stacked deep learning assisted techno-economic assessment of hybrid renewable energy system
Authors: Kumar Mantosh , Namrata Kumari , Samadhiya Akshit , Kumar Nishant , Azar Ahmad Taher , Kamal Nashwa Ahmed , Hameed Ibrahim A.
Published: November 2024

The growing energy demand and target for net zero emission compelling the world to increase the percentage of clean energy sources which are freely available and abundant in nature. To fulfil this, a hyperparametric tuned multilevel deep learning stacked model assisted grid-connected hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) has been developed. The proposed system has been subjected to techno-economic assessment with a novel application of the rime-ice (RIME) optimization algorithm to determine the lowest possible cost of electricity (COE) corresponding to the best HRES system components. The analysis has been carried out for the residents of the eastern part of India. The results show that the prediction accuracy of the solar irradiance and wind speed are 95.92% and 95.80% respectively which have been used as inputs for the HRES. The proposed optimization used has shown the lowest COE of Rs. 4.65 per kWh and total net present cost (TNPC) of 7,247 million INR with a renewable factor of 87.88% as compared to other optimizations like GWO, MFO and PSO. Further sensitivity analysis and power flow analysis for three consecutive days carried out have also been done to check the reliability of the HRES and its future perceptiveness.
Global perspectives on the contribution of B cells to multiple sclerosis: an in-depth examination and evaluation
Authors: Jiang Xinzhan , Zhang Hongyu , Liu Yongtao , Sun Bo , Mu Guannan
Published: November 2024

Background

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, progressive autoimmune disease, with increasing attention on the role of B cells in its pathogenesis. Despite this growing interest, a comprehensive analysis of research trends and emerging foci on B cells in MS is currently lacking. In this research, we utilize a bibliometric approach to visualize and analyze research trends and focal points in this field, offering a valuable reference for future mechanistic studies in MS.

Methods

We retrieved bibliometric data from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) for articles published between 2014 and 2023. VOSviewer 1.6.18 and CiteSpace 5.7R3 were used for co-authorship, co-occurrence, and citation analyses to identify key researchers, institutions, countries, and emerging themes in B cell research related to MS.

Results

The analysis examined 5,578 articles published in 1,041 journals by 5,337 institutions globally. The United States leads in publication output, with Amit Bar-Or identified as the most influential author, and Frontiers in Immunology as the top journal in the field. Research has increasingly focused on the complex role of B cells in MS, particularly their involvement in the central nervous system (CNS) and mechanisms of anti-B cell therapy. Recent trends point to a growing focus on meningeal inflammation, kinase inhibitors, and Epstein-Barr virus, signaling a shift in research priorities.

Conclusion

This bibliometric analysis highlights pivotal research trends, key contributors, and emerging areas of interest in B cell research in MS from 2013 to 2024. The findings underscore the growing recognition of the multifaceted role of B cells in MS pathogenesis, particularly their involvement in the CNS compartment and the potential of targeted therapies. The study identifies meningeal inflammation, Epstein-Barr virus infection, and kinase inhibitors as promising avenues for future research. The analyses driving the in-depth exploration of B cell mechanisms in MS and the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies provide researchers in the MS field with a comprehensive and objective perspective, serving as a valuable reference for accelerating the translation of basic research findings into clinical applications.
A targeted proteomics screen reveals serum and synovial fluid proteomic signature in patients with gout
Authors: Huang Zhengping , Zhong Xiaoyan , Zhang Yuexi , Li Xinjian , Liu Meng , Huang Yukai , Yue Jian , Yi Guanqun , Liu Hongji , Yuan Bingyan , Chen Xu , Zheng Shaoling , Li Tianwang
Published: November 2024

Objective

To characterize the inflammatory proteome in both serum and synovial fluid (SF) of patients with gout, in comparison to healthy controls and individuals with osteoarthritis (OA), by utilizing a high-quality, high-throughput proteomic analysis technique.

Methods

Using the Olink Target 48 Inflammation panel, we measured serum concentrations of 45 inflammatory proteins in gout, OA, and healthy controls. We analyzed protein levels in SF samples from gout and OA, performed ROC curve analyses to identify diagnostic biomarkers, evaluate efficacy, and set cut-off values. Additionally, A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was used to study protein relationships and significance.

Results

We have delineated the proteomic landscape of gout and identified 20 highly differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the serum of gout patients in comparison to that of healthy controls, which included VEGF-A, MMP-1, TGF-α, and OSM with corresponding area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.95, 0.95, 0.92, and 0.91 respectively. For the analysis of synovial fluid, 6 proteins were found to be elevated in gout in contrast to osteoarthritis (OA), among which IP-10, VEGF-A, IL-8, and MIP-3β had corresponding AUC values of 0.78, 0.78, 0.76, and 0.75 respectively. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis identified significantly prominent pathways in gout.

Conclusion

This research marks a significant advancement in elucidating the inflammatory profile present in the serum and synovial fluid of individuals suffering from gout. Our discoveries have identified several novel proteins in both serum and synovial fluid that are potential biomarkers for diagnostic purposes and are believed to have critical roles as pathogenic factors in the pathophysiology of gout.
Serum mitochondrial-encoded NADH dehydrogenase 6 and Annexin A1 as novel biomarkers for mortality prediction in critically ill patients with sepsis
Authors: Zhou Fan , Chen Meiling , Liu Yilin , Xia Xianzhu , Zhao Pingsen
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) is a member of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family that detects potentially danger signals characterized by the appearance of N-formylated peptides which originate from either bacteria or host mitochondria during organ injury, including sepsis. Mitochondrial-encoded NADH dehydrogenase 6 (MT-ND6) and Annexin A1 (ANXA1), as mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (mtDAMPs) agonist and endogenous agonist of FPR1 respectively, interact with FPR1 regulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) function and inflammatory response during sepsis. However, there is no direct evidence of MT-ND6 or ANXA1 in the circulation of patients with sepsis and their potential role in clinical significance, including diagnosis and mortality prediction during sepsis.

Methods

A prospective cohort study was conducted in ICU within a large academic hospital. We measured serum MT-ND6 or ANXA1 in a cohort of patients with sepsis in ICU (n=180) and patients with non-sepsis in ICU (n=60) by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The ROC curve and Kaplan Meier analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic ability of two biomarkers for patients with sepsis.

Results

The concentration of MT-ND6 and ANXA1 were significantly elevated in the patients with sepsis, and the diagnostic values of MT-ND6 (0.789) for sepsis patients was second only to SOFA scores (AUC = 0.870). Higher serum concentrations of MT-ND6 (>1.41 ng/ml) and lower concentrations of ANXA1 (< 8.09 ng/mL) were closely related to the higher mortality in patients with sepsis, with the predictive values were 0.705 and 0.694, respectively. When patients with sepsis classified based on four pro-inflammation and two anti-inflammation cytokines, it was shown that combination of MT-ND6 and ANXA1 obviously improved the predictive values in the septic patients with mixed hyperinflammation or immunosuppression phenotypes.

Conclusion

Our findings provide valuable models testing patient risk prediction and strengthen the evidence for agonists of FPR1, MT-ND6 and ANXA1, as novel biomarker for patient selection for novel therapeutic agents to target mtDAMPs and regulator of GPCRs in sepsis.
Ingestion of ‘whole cell’ or ‘split cell’ Chlorella sp., Arthrospira sp., and milk protein show divergent postprandial plasma amino acid responses with similar postprandial blood glucose control in humans
Authors: Williamson Ellen , Monteyne Alistair J. , Van der Heijden Ino , Abdelrahman Doaa R. , Murton Andrew J. , Hankamer Benjamin , Stephens Francis B. , Wall Benjamin T.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Microalgae provide a sustainable basis for protein-rich food production. However, human data concerning microalgae ingestion, subsequent postprandial amino acid (AA) availability and associated metabolic responses are minimal.

Objectives

We investigated ingesting Arthrospira sp. (spirulina;SPR), and Chlorella sp. (chlorella; in ‘whole cell’ [WCC] and ‘split cell’ [SCC] forms, the latter proposed to improve digestibility), compared with a high-quality animal derived protein source (milk; MLK).

Subjects/methods

Ten participants (age; 21 ± 1y, BMI; 25 ± 1 kg·m−2) completed a randomised, crossover, double-blind study, partaking in 4 counterbalanced (for order) experimental visits. At each visit participants ingested SPR, WCC, SCC or MLK drinks containing 20 g protein and 75 g carbohydrate. Arterialised venous blood samples, indirect calorimetry and visual analogue scales were assessed postabsorptive, and throughout a 5 h postprandial period to measure AA, glucose, insulin and uric acid concentrations, whole-body energy expenditure and appetite scores, respectively.

Results

Protein ingestion increased plasma AA concentrations (p < 0.001) to differing total postprandial total—and essential—AA availabilities; highest for MLK (86.6 ± 17.8 mmol·L−1) and SPR (84.9 ± 12.5 mmol·L−1), lowest for WCC (−4.1 ± 21.7 mmol·L−1; p < 0.05), with SCC (55.7 ± 11.2 mmol·L−1) marginally greater than WCC (p = 0.09). No differences (p > 0.05) were detected between conditions for postprandial glucose or insulin concentrations, whole-body energy expenditure or appetite scores, but serum uric acid concentrations increased (p < 0.05) following microalgae ingestion only.

Conclusion

Our data imply that microalgae can present a bioavailable source of protein for human nutrition, however, challenges remain, requiring species selection and/or biomass processing to overcome.
Obstacles, research progress, and prospects of oral delivery of bioactive peptides: a comprehensive review
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Yang Zeyao , Zhang Wangang , Xing Lujuan , Luo Ruiming , Cao Songmin
Published: November 2024

Bioactive peptides hold significant potential for enhancing human health, however, their limited oral bioavailability poses a substantial barrier to their widespread use in the food and pharmaceutical industries. This article reviews the key factors influencing the absorption efficiency of oral bioactive peptides, including issues related to bitter taste perception, challenges in gastrointestinal environmental stability, and limitations in transmembrane transport. Furthermore, it highlights the latest technologies, such as osmotic technology, chemical modification, and advanced delivery systems, and discusses their advantages in enhancing the stability of bioactive peptides and facilitating intestinal absorption. In addition, the application and challenges of common delivery systems such as liposomes, emulsions, polymer nanoparticles, and hydrogels in oral bioactive peptide delivery are also discussed. This paper aims to provide a theoretical foundation for scientific research and practical applications of oral delivery of bioactive peptides, thereby promoting the further development of bioactive peptides in the context of human health.
The closure of Wyoming’s Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE): Qualitative analysis of the impact on social isolation and loneliness
Authors: Dabrowski Barbara S. , McKibbin Christine L. , O'Barr Gregory W. , Punke Elizabeth L. , Teply Abby L. , Richardson Kathryn A. , Carrico Catherine P.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Social isolation and loneliness are global public health concerns experienced among older adults which are commonly associated with negative physical, psychological, and social outcomes. The healthcare system has an opportunity to identify and address social isolation and loneliness in older adults. The Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE) was developed to serve comprehensive social needs along with medical and behavioral needs of older adults who qualify for long-term care while still living in the community. In 2021, due to state budget reductions, Wyoming’s only PACE program (WY PACE) closed, resulting in the discharge of all participants and loss of social engagement opportunities provided by this program. The objectives of this evaluation were to (1) examine the impact of the WY PACE closure on isolation and loneliness, (2) identify how older adults adapted to the loss of services addressing isolation and loneliness, and (3) identify needs for future interventions to address isolation among clients who experienced loss of supportive programs.

Methods

A mixed-methods design was used to facilitate understanding of qualitative findings while also conducting quantitative analyses to provide context for qualitative responses. Participants included 17 individuals who were either former PACE participants or their caregivers. Participants (n = 12; M = 74 years old) were predominantly non-Hispanic White (n = 8, 66%) and cisgender female (n = 7, 58%). Caregivers of participants (n = 5; M = 63 years old) were predominantly Hispanic, Latino, or of Spanish origin (n = 3, 60%) and cisgender female (n = 4, 80%).

Results

A mixed-methods design was used to facilitate understanding of qualitative findings while also conducting quantitative analyses to provide context for qualitative responses. Participants included 17 individuals who were either former PACE participants or their caregivers. Participants (n = 12; M = 74 years old) were predominantly non-Hispanic White (n = 8, 66%) and cisgender female (n = 7, 58%). Caregivers of participants (n = 5; M = 63 years old) were predominantly Hispanic, Latino, or of Spanish origin (n = 3, 60%) and cisgender female (n = 4, 80%).

Discussion

This evaluation provided preliminary insight into the impacts of the loss of programs like WY PACE on social isolation and loneliness. Creative solutions to maintain social engagement of this vulnerable population are needed.
Gender differences in the incidence, characteristics and hospital admission outcomes of fall-related injuries in older adults in Victoria, Australia, over 5 years from 2018/19 to 2022/23
Authors: Berecki-Gisolf Janneke , Rezaei-Darzi Ehsan , Natora Aleksandra Helena
Published: November 2024

Background

Falls are the leading cause of injury morbidity and mortality in older adults. This study aimed to: (1) Explore gender differences in falls injury incidence and outcomes in Victoria, Australia; and (2) Test if these differences are explained by patient demographics and clinical complexity.

Method

Fall-related injury admissions records from 1-JULY-2018 to 30-JUNE-2023 were extracted from the Victorian Admitted Episodes Dataset. Admissions for injury (S00-T98) caused by a fall (W00-W19), in males and females aged 60+ years, were selected using ICD-10-AM codes. Incidence was calculated as annual falls admissions per 100,000 population. Gender differences in terms of demographics, falls details, injury types, complexity and admission outcomes were tested using logistic regression models.

Results

There were 187,878 fall-related injury admissions: 67,635 (36.0%) by males and 120,243 (64.0%) by females. The incidence rate ratio peaked at 1.52 (female: male) at 70–79 years. Compared to males, female fall injuries were more likely due to same-level falls and to occur at home. Female sex was associated with fractures and male sex was associated with head injuries. Although female sex was associated with surgery and longer hospital stay, death-in-hospital was associated with male sex, with and without adjustment for patient demographics, fall details, injury type and clinical complexity.

Conclusion

This contemporary gender-stratified study provides important evidence relevant to falls prevention and management. The findings suggest that same-level falls prevention is of particular relevance to females while in males, improved hospital outcomes and fall-related injury survivability, and any underlying frailty, should be prioritized.
Data-driven analysis of the effect of screening and treatment on the spread of HIV in developing and developed countries
Authors: Abbas Wasim , Masud M. A. , Parveen Sajida , Lee Hyojung , Kim Sangil
Published: November 2024

Introduction

In this study, we used a mathematical epidemic model to explore the status of the HIV epidemic in the USA and Pakistan. In addition to studying the dynamics of the model, we fitted the model with recent data to estimate the parameters describing the epidemic in both countries.

Results

Our estimation shows that in the USA, the reproduction number is 0.9688 (0.9684, 0.9694); if the reproduction number is maintained at this level, it would take a long time to eradicate HIV entirely. Meanwhile, it is 2.2599 (2.2556, 2.2656) in Pakistan, which is due to a lack of awareness in the confirmed group and a lower rate of maintained treatment. We also estimated the rate of vertical transmission, which plays a significant role in Pakistan but not in the USA.

Discussion

We conclude that improving the screening rate and educating people would be effective for controlling HIV in Pakistan, whereas improved screening rate in the USA can eradicate HIV faster.
An empirical study on the promotion of city economic growth by the healthy development of real estate and land finance
Authors: Qian Hua , Sun Qian , Li Min , Liu Yisong , Li Fangya
Published: November 2024

This paper is based on panel data from 278 prefecture-level cities in China from 2012 to 2021, and studies the relationship between healthy real estate development, land finance, and economic growth. The findings indicate that there are distinct trends in the healthy development of real estate across different city levels in China. By using the PVAR model, the intrinsic connections between real estate health, industrial transformation and upgrading, and economic growth are revealed. The results from the heterogeneity analysis show that the lag periods of real estate health, land finance, and economic growth have a positive impact on themselves in municipalities, provincial capitals, and prefecture-level cities. In prefecture-level cities, there is a significant interactive promotion between healthy real estate development and land finance. Land finance can directly contribute to economic growth, forming a “land finance-economic growth” direct effect channel. Additionally, healthy real estate development has a significant positive impact on promoting economic growth.
Comparison of tonsil-oral-scrubbing with serum, oral fluid, and tonsil scraping to detect PRRSV RNA in sows over time following live virus inoculation
Authors: Li Peng , Petznick Thomas , Pratt Emily , Cezar Guilherme , Will Kelly , Mil-Homens Mafalda , Tong Hao , Machado Isadora , Moraes Daniel C. A. , Paiva Rodrigo C. , Berte Alexis , Osemeke Onyekachukwu H. , Yeske Paul , Silva Gustavo S. , Linhares Daniel C. L.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Current common sample types for sows, such as serum and tonsil scraping, require snaring the animals, which can be labor-intensive and raise concerns regarding animal welfare. Obtaining oral fluids (OF) from individual sows in field conditions presents challenges, as not all sows readily respond to the rope method. The Tonsil-Oral-Scrubbing (TOSc) collector allows for the rapid retrieval of fluids from the sow’s oral and tonsillar areas without the need for snaring. Previous studies have reported comparable detection rates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) RNA between TOSc and tonsil scraping, with significantly higher positivity observed in TOSc compared to serum in acutely infected sows.

Methods

Given that PRRSV RNA detection rates can vary among different sample types and fluctuate over time, this field study aimed to compare PRRSV real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-rtPCR) positivity and cycle threshold (Ct) values between TOSc, serum, OF, and tonsil scraping at three time points following live-virus inoculation (LVI) in sows. This study was conducted within a breeding herd attempting to eliminate PRRSV following an outbreak. Four sample types were collected from each of the 61 conveniently selected sows at 30, 60, and 90 days post-LVI in the order of OF, TOSc, tonsil scraping, and serum, and subsequently tested for PRRSV RNA.

Results

The results indicated that TOSc and tonsil scraping exhibited decreased PRRSV RNA detection rates over time, whereas the detection rates for OF and serum remained relatively stable. Moreover, the median Ct values for TOSc and tonsil scraping were numerically lower than those for OF and serum at all sampling points. Specifically, tonsil scraping demonstrated significantly higher PRRSV RNA positivity than the other three sample types. TOSc also exhibited significantly higher PRRSV RNA positivity than OF and serum at both 30 and 60 days post-LVI. By 90 days post-LVI, there was a significant difference in the PRRSV RNA detection rates between TOSc and tonsil scraping. However, no significant difference was observed between TOSc and OF or between TOSc and serum. According to the RT-rtPCR results, most PRRSV RNA-positive sows detected via TOSc and tonsil scraping turned negative by 90 days post-LVI, although a small proportion remained positive. Conversely, a small number of previously negative sows tested positive at 60 and 90 days post-LVI, indicating an intermittent mode of PRRSV RNA detection for both sample types.
Assessment of livestock carrying capacity in the alpine grasslands of the Kashmir Himalayas
Authors: Saleem Shahid , Rather Javeed A. , Ahmad Suheel , Ahmed Rayees , Hajam Latief Ahmad
Published: November 2024

The alpine grasslands of the Kashmir Himalayas serve as a lifeline for the region’s pastoral communities, providing the primary source of forage for their livestock. These high-altitude rangelands are not only crucial for the livelihood of these communities but also play a significant role in maintaining the ecological balance of the area. However, sustainable pastoralism in these fragile ecosystem hinges on a thorough understanding of forage availability and livestock carrying capacity. This study assesses the forage dynamics and livestock carrying capacity of these high-altitude grasslands. Through comprehensive biomass sampling across 23 strategically selected sites, we calculated an average dry matter above ground biomass yield of 5.10 metric tons per hectare, resulting in a total dry biomass weight of approximately 820,489.22 metric tons (820,489,220 kg), over the entire grassland area of 160,974 ha. Using a daily forage intake of 1.3 kg per Sheep Unit (SU) over 50 grazing days, time period which corresponds to the renewal period for new grass growth, the average carrying capacity of the rangelands was determined to be 39.08 Animal Units (AU) per hectare and the total carrying capacity was estimated as 62,78,556 SU. The current stocking rate of 4,661,800 SU utilizes about 74.21% of this Carrying capacity, leaving a surplus of 25.77% or 1,616,756 Animal Sheep Units. However, localized overgrazing in areas such as Thajwas and Mohand Marg highlights the need for targeted management practices to prevent rangeland degradation. This data is critical as it provides a baseline for understanding the potential of these rangelands to support livestock. This study underscores the importance of sustainable livestock management to optimize carrying capacity while maintaining the ecological balance of the grasslands. Engaging local pastoral communities in these efforts is essential for the effective and sustainable management of the alpine grasslands in the Kashmir Himalayas.
The Nelder–Mead Simplex Algorithm Is Sixty Years Old: New Convergence Results and Open Questions
Authors: Galántai Aurél
Published: November 2024

We investigate and compare two versions of the Nelder–Mead simplex algorithm for function minimization. Two types of convergence are studied: the convergence of function values at the simplex vertices and convergence of the simplex sequence. For the first type of convergence, we generalize the main result of Lagarias, Reeds, Wright and Wright (1998). For the second type of convergence, we also improve recent results which indicate that the Lagarias et al.’s version of the Nelder–Mead algorithm has better convergence properties than the original Nelder–Mead method. This paper concludes with some open questions.
Level of Necrosis in Feline Mammary Tumors: How to Quantify, Why and for What Purpose?
Authors: Rodrigues-Jesus Joana , Canadas-Sousa Ana , Santos Marta , Oliveira Pedro , Figueira Ana Catarina , Marrinhas Carla , Petrucci Gonçalo N. , Gregório Hugo , Tinoco Flora , Goulart Andrea , Felga Helena , Vilhena Hugo , Dias-Pereira Patrícia
Published: November 2024

Necrosis is a common finding in human and animal neoplasms. The percentage of tumor necrosis is included in tumor grading schemes in veterinary oncology; however, evaluation methods are often overlooked. Different studies have assessed the prognostic value of tumor necrosis in feline mammary tumors with contradictory results, which could be related to methodologic variability. In this study, a comprehensive evaluation of tumor necrosis in feline mammary tumors (FMTs) was conducted, by applying a semi-quantitative and a quantitative methodology for assessing necrosis. The interobserver agreement, the relationship with clinicopathological characteristics and the prognostic value of necrosis were analyzed in 154 FMT cases. Although subjectivity in the assessment of necrosis existed, an almost perfect agreement (weighted quadratic k = 0.851) between two observers was obtained. Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between the semi-quantitative and quantitative methods. Necrosis was more common and more extensive in malignant tumors than in their benign counterparts. Despite the non-significant results in the survival analysis, extensive necrosis was significantly associated with aggressive clinicopathological features, such as higher histological grade, high mitotic count and lymphovascular invasion. Our results support the potential relevance of necrosis in FMT.
Association Between Hyperlipidaemia and Selected Cholestatic Markers in 74 Dogs with Suspect Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Da Silva Adrien J. , Hope Aimee , Mooney Carmel T.
Published: November 2024

The association between hyperlipidaemia and acute pancreatitis is unknown in dogs. This study aimed to investigate the association between hyperlipidaemia and other markers of cholestasis in dogs with suspect acute pancreatitis. Case records of dogs with suspect acute pancreatitis were retrospectively reviewed. Dogs that had pre-existing disorders or drug therapies associated with hyperlipidaemia, hypocholesterolaemia, or incomplete biochemical data were excluded. In total, 74 dogs met the inclusion criteria. There were 33 (44.6%) dogs with hypercholesterolaemia (HC) and 41 (55.4%) without (NC). Increased triglyceride concentrations were significantly (p = 0.005) more common in HC dogs (n = 13, 39.4%) compared with NC dogs (n = 4, 9.8%), but no value exceeded 5 mmol/L. The ALP activity was significantly higher in the HC group compared to NC group (932 (461–7271) and 380 (135–1312) IU/L, respectively, p = 0.001). There was a moderate positive correlation between cholesterol concentration and ALP activity (r = 0.498, p < 0.001) and a weak positive correlation between cholesterol concentration and gamma-glutamyl transferase activity (r = 0.296, p = 0.011). Cholesterol concentration was correlated with ALP and GGT activities suggesting an association between cholestasis and hypercholesterolaemia in dogs with acute pancreatitis.
Regulation of Colonic Inflammation and Macrophage Homeostasis of IFN-γ-Primed Canine AMSCs in Experimental Colitis in Mice
Authors: Jo Chan-Hee , Lee Sang-Yun , Son Young-Bum , Lee Won-Jae , Choe Yong-Ho , Lee Hyeon-Jeong , Oh Seong-Ju , Kim Tae-Seok , Hong Chae-Yeon , Lee Sung-Lim , Rho Gyu-Jin
Published: November 2024

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown potential in treating immune-mediated diseases due to their immunomodulatory properties, which can be enhanced by priming with inflammatory cytokines like interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). This study evaluates the therapeutic effects of IFN-γ-primed canine adipose tissue-derived MSCs (AMSCs) in a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Canine AMSCs were primed with 50 ng/mL recombinant canine IFN-γ for 48 h, and the effects were compared to those seen in naïve (unprimed) AMSCs. IBD was induced in mice using dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), and AMSCs were injected intraperitoneally on days 1 and 3. The mice treated with IFN-γ-primed AMSCs showed improved clinical outcomes, including a reduced disease activity index (DAI), less body weight loss, and longer colon length compared to the mice treated with naïve AMSCs. A histological analysis revealed less damage to the intestinal structures and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration. IFN-γ priming led to a shift in the immune cell balance in the gut, decreasing pro-inflammatory macrophages (Ly6Chi) and increasing anti-inflammatory macrophages (Ly6Clo/MHC-IIhi). This was associated with the reduced expression of inflammatory cytokine genes (Il-1β, Il-6, and Il-18) and increased expression of the intestinal stem cell marker Lgr5. These findings suggest that IFN-γ-primed AMSCs offer enhanced therapeutic potential for treating CE in veterinary medicine.
Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease
Authors: Scarpellini Emidio , Scarcella Marialaura , Tack Jan F. , Scarlata Giuseppe Guido Maria , Zanetti Michela , Abenavoli Ludovico
Published: November 2024

Background: The gut microbiota constitutes a complex microorganism community that harbors bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and archaea. The human gut bacterial microbiota has been extensively proven to participate in human metabolism, immunity, and nutrient absorption. Its imbalance, namely “dysbiosis”, has been linked to disordered metabolism. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is one of the features of deranged human metabolism and is the leading cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, there is a pathophysiological link between gut dysbiosis and MASLD. Aims and Methods: We aimed to review the literature data on the composition of the human bacterial gut microbiota and its dysbiosis in MASLD and describe the concept of the “gut–liver axis”. Moreover, we reviewed the approaches for gut microbiota modulation in MASLD treatment. Results: There is consolidated evidence of particular gut dysbiosis associated with MASLD and its stages. The model explaining the relationship between gut microbiota and the liver has a bidirectional organization, explaining the physiopathology of MASLD. Oxidative stress is one of the keystones in the pathophysiology of MASLD and fibrosis generation. There is promising and consolidated evidence for the efficacy of pre- and probiotics in reversing gut dysbiosis in MASLD patients, with therapeutic effects. Few yet encouraging data on fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in MASLD are available in the literature. Conclusions: The gut dysbiosis characteristic of MASLD is a key target in its reversal and treatment via diet, pre/probiotics, and FMT treatment. Oxidative stress modulation remains a promising target for MASLD treatment, prevention, and reversal.
Human Supplementation with AM3, Spermidine, and Hesperidin Enhances Immune Function, Decreases Biological Age, and Improves Oxidative–Inflammatory State: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Félix Judith , Díaz-Del Cerro Estefanía , Baca Adriana , López-Ballesteros Ana , Gómez-Sánchez María José , De la Fuente Mónica
Published: November 2024

The positive effect of AM3, spermidine, and hesperidin, which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, on immunity is known, but their effect on the rate of aging, known as biological age (BA), is unclear. This work aims to test if the intake of a blend of AM3 (150 mg), spermidine (0.6 mg), and hesperidin (50 mg) for 2 months could decrease BA and improve immunity, redox, and inflammatory states. For this, 41 participants (30–63 years) were randomly divided into placebo and supplement groups. The supplement group took two capsules daily with AM3, spermidine, and hesperidin for two months, while the placebo group took capsules containing only calcium phosphate and talcum powder. Before and after the treatment, peripheral blood was collected. Immune function was assessed in leukocytes, redox state in whole-blood cells, erythrocytes, and plasma, and cytokine concentration in both mononuclear cell cultures and plasma. Finally, the Immunity Clock model was applied to determine BA. The results show that the intake of this blend improves the immune functions that constitute the Immunity Clock, decreasing BA by 11 years and reducing the oxidative–inflammatory state of the participants. Therefore, this supplement can be proposed as a strategy to rejuvenate BA and achieve healthy aging.