bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Designing a coaching intervention to support leaders promoted into senior positions
Authors: Terblanche N.H.D. , Albertyn Ruth M. , Van Coller-Peter Salome
Published: May 2017

Orientation: Coaching is sometimes used in organisations to assist and support people when they are promoted into senior leadership positions. These coaching interventions are not optimally designed.Research purpose: The objective of this research was to investigate how a transition coaching intervention should be designed to cater specifically for people promoted into senior leadership positions.Motivation for the study: Leaders face daunting challenges when promoted into a senior position. Coaching could offer powerful support, but very little research exists on how to design a transition coaching intervention specifically aimed at supporting recently promoted senior leaders.Research design, approach and method: A constructivist, grounded theory approach using purposeful, theoretical sampling was used to identify 16 participants (recently promoted senior leaders, coaches, Human Resource [HR] partners and a line manager) from various organisations with whom open-ended interviews were conducted on their experiences of coaching during a transition.Main findings: Transition coaching is used reactively, started too late and was not continued for long enough. Transition coaching design should take cognisance of coach–coachee matching; goal setting that includes the organisation’s goals; location of coaching session (away from the office); should include reflection and active experimentation; and use assessments and involving the line manager, mentors and the new leader’s team in the process.Practical and managerial implications: The findings of this research provide practical recommendations for applying coaching during transitions into senior leadership positions and may be useful to human resource practitioners when designing leadership support and succession planning interventions.Contribution and value added: To address the serious and real possibility of failure once leaders are promoted, and to optimise the time and money spent on coaching during career transitions, this research provides insight into the design and execution of tailor-made transition coaching interventions to help recently promoted senior leaders succeed in their new role.
Motivational theory and knowledge sharing in the public service
Authors: Mosala-Bryant Nthabiseng N. , Hoskins Ruth G.
Published: May 2017

Background: Knowledge sharing has been identified as the core process of knowledge management for institutions which are interested in the retention of knowledge invested in their human capital in the event of their departure from the institutions. To this end, knowledge sharing has been the focus of research institution-wide, and less focus has been paid to communities of practice (CoPs) within the South African public service.Objectives: This study aimed to explore factors that motivated knowledge sharing practices in a South African public service CoP.Method: This study used the mixed methods design through the lens of the motivational theory. Primary quantitative data were collected by means of self-administered questionnaires returned by 23 of the 31 KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) Provincial Human Resource Development Forum (PHRDF) members to whom the questionnaires were distributed. In addition, primary qualitative data were collected from the senior managers of Human Resource Development (HRD) units from 10 different KZN Provincial Departments of the 14 managers requested. The quantitative analysis was established using SPSS software, whereas qualitative analysis was established using thematic codes with the NVIVO software.Results: The findings from the results revealed that PHRDF members were intrinsically motivated to share their knowledge rather than extrinsically motivated.Conclusion: Although literature confirmed the main barrier to knowledge sharing in organisations as being the unwillingness to share, CoPs were likely to reduce the extent to which knowledge sharing was hindered. Members of a CoP ultimately related to one another as homogeneous groups despite representing different departments. To this end, hedonic intrinsic motivation occurred as members shared knowledge for the good of the whole regardless of the absence of extrinsic motivation. Departmental silos fell away, and there was no anticipation of rewards or incentives for knowledge sharing. It is, therefore, imperative that the South African public service strategically positions CoPs as knowledge sharing platforms to curb the loss of knowledge when employees leave its employ for whatever reason.
An analysis of perceived usefulness of Google Scholar by the postgraduate students of the University of Ilorin, Nigeria
Authors: Tella Adeyinka , Oyewole Michael , Tella Adedeji
Published: May 2017

Background: Google Scholar provides user-friendly information resources and is very effective in finding information to satisfy various information needs, especially by the research students. However, despite its usefulness in satisfying information and research needs of the research students and researchers as a whole, the lingering effect associated with it is drawing students away from libraries. Similarly, there have been limited studies conducted to examine the level of perceived usefulness of Google Scholar by the graduate students, particularly in the context of the University of Ilorin, Nigeria.Objectives: The study examined the perceived usefulness of Google Scholar by the postgraduate students of the University of Ilorin, Nigeria.Methods: A total of 223 postgraduate students selected through simple random sampling from 15 faculties that made up the University formed the sample for the study. A survey approach was adopted using a questionnaire to gather data from respondents. Six research questions were developed to guide the study.Results: The results demonstrate that the majority of respondents strongly agreed and agreed that they were aware of Google Scholar and usually used it. However, the respondents were not satisfied with Google Scholar as it does not either speed up their research or make their research easier. Google Scholar was considered useful because it covers broad topics in the area of interest and usually provides relevant articles related to the respondents’ search done through this platform.Conclusion: The study concluded by recommending, among others, that there is a need for orientation programmes to enhance the use of Google Scholar via the university library.
Tail bounds for counts of zeros and eigenvalues, and an application to ratios
Authors: Rodgers Brad
Published: May 2017

Let

t

be random and uniformly distributed in the interval

[T,2T]

, and consider the quantity

N(t+1/\log\:T) - N(t)

, a count of zeros of the Riemann zeta function in a box of height

1/\mathrm {log}\: T

. Conditioned on the Riemann hypothesis, we show that the probability this count is greater than

x

decays at least as quickly as

e^{-Cx\:\mathrm {log}\: x}

, uniformly in

T

. We also prove a similar results for the logarithmic derivative of the zeta function, and likewise analogous results for the eigenvalues of a random unitary matrix.

We use results of this sort to show on the Riemann hypothesis that the averages [ \frac{1}{T} \int_T^{2T} \Bigg| \frac{\zeta\big(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{\alpha}{\log T} + it\big)}{\zeta\big(\frac{1}{2}+ \frac{\beta}{\log T} + it\big)}\Bigg|^m,dt ] remain bounded as

T\rightarrow\infty

, for

\alpha, \beta

complex numbers with

\beta\neq 0

. Moreover we show rigorously that the local distribution of zeros asymptotically controls ratio averages like the above; that is, the GUE Conjecture implies a (first-order) ratio conjecture.
Poisson algebras via model theory and differential-algebraic geometry
Authors: Bell Jason , Launois Stéphane , León Sánchez Omar , Moosa Rahim
Published: May 2017

Brown and Gordon asked whether the Poisson Dixmier–Moeglin equivalence holds for any complex affine Poisson algebra, that is, whether the sets of Poisson rational ideals, Poisson primitive ideals, and Poisson locally closed ideals coincide. In this article a complete answer is given to this question using techniques from differential-algebraic geometry and model theory. In particular, it is shown that while the sets of Poisson rational and Poisson primitive ideals do coincide, in every Krull dimension at least four there are complex affine Poisson algebras with Poisson rational ideals that are not Poisson locally closed. These counterexamples also give rise to counterexamples to the classical (noncommutative) Dixmier–Moeglin equivalence in finite GK dimension. A weaker version of the Poisson Dixmier–Moeglin equivalence is proven for all complex affine Poisson algebras, from which it follows that the full equivalence holds in Krull dimension three or less. Finally, it is shown that everything, except possibly that rationality implies primitivity, can be done over an arbitrary base field of characteristic zero.
Digital preservation of cultural and scientific heritage: involving university students to raise awareness of its importance
Authors: Redweik Paula , Cláudio Ana Paula , Carmo Maria Beatriz , Naranjo José Manuel , Sanjosé José Juan
Published: May 2017

Cultural heritage is a relevant issue in contemporary society. While its preservation is a challenge, its dissemination, can contribute for an economic balance between costs and benefits.  Scientific  heritage  can  be  considered  as  a  special domain  of  cultural  heritage, not yet sought  by  the  mass  tourism, but worth being preserved as the roots of today’s knowledge.  Considering  that  university  students  of  engineering  and computer  science traditionally  do  not  address cultural or scientific heritage issues in their syllabus, and that they constitute a layer of young citizens that will come to be influential  in  the  future  of  society,  an  effort  was  undertaken  to  focus  on  this  theme  in  disciplines  of  different  courses, allying  the  learning  of  technical  skills  with  the  natural  interest  of  younger  people  for  3D  and  animation  for  the  profit  of heritage. The goal was to raise the awareness of this particular group to the importance of maintaining heritage issues, in particular,  in  a  virtual  way,  both  for  documentation  and  for  divulgating  their  existence.  Raising  funds  for  buildings’ restoration, attracting the public to visit buildings and collections that are outside the usual tourism routes, contributing to revenue  generation,  or  allowing  virtual  visits  of  not  accessible  issues,  complementing  physical  visits  on  site,  were  the general  aims of  the  proposed  projects.  A survey was undertaken under the participating students to evaluate how the projects influenced their attitude towards heritage. The obtained feedback was very positive: 76% agreed that the project alerted them for the importance of preserving historical and cultural heritage, while 72% considered it was interesting that the topic of digital cultural heritage was used for the assessments of the disciplines.
Perspective on procedural modeling based on structural analysis
Authors: Fita Josep Lluis , Besuievsky Gonzalo , Patow Gustavo
Published: May 2017

With  the rise of available  computing  capabilities,  structural  analysis  has  recently  become  a  key  tool  for  building assessment usually  managed  by art  historians,  curators,  and  other  specialist  related to the  study  and  preservation  of ancient  buildings.  On  the  other  hand,  the  flourishing  field  of  procedural  modeling  has  provided  some  exciting breakthroughs for the recreation of lost buildings and urban structures. However, there is a surprising lack of literature to enable  the  production  of  procedural-based  buildings  taking  into  account  structural  analysis,  which  has  proven  to  be  a crucial element for the recreation of faithful masonry structures. In order to perform an in-depth study of the advances in this type of analysis for cultural heritage buildings, we performed a study focused on procedural modeling that make use of structural  analysis methods,  especially  in  its  application  to  historic  masonry buildings  such  as  churches  and cathedrals.  Moreover,  with  the  aim  of  improving  the  knowledge  about  structural  analysis  of  procedurally-recreated historical buildings, we have taken a geometric structure, added a set of procedural walls structured in masonry bricks, and studied its behavior in a generic, freely-available simulation tool, thus showing the feasibility of its analysis with non-specialized tools. This not only has allowed us to understand and learn how the different parameter values of a masonry structure can affect the results of the simulation, but also has proven that this kind of simulations can be easily integrated in  an  off-the-shelf  procedural  modeling  tool,  enabling  this  kind  of  analysis  for  a  wide  variety  of  historical  studies, or restoration and preservation actions.
Getting to the point: making, wayfaring, loss and memory as meaning-making in virtual archaeology
Authors: Carter William Michael
Published: May 2017

The initial construction of a digital virtual object is the three-dimensional (3D)point. Using the notions of making, wayfaring, meshwork and agency, this discussion focuses on Ingold’s (2011) theoretical approach to these comments as a means for the construction of archaeological knowledge as applied to the 3D virtual landscape. It will demonstrate that 3D points, whether constructed or captured, can be considered to be agents within an actor network, have agency and are subject to memory and loss within the digital archaeological record. By their interconnections they become a mesh work that can exchange and retain unique attributes of materiality. As such, they challenge our notions of meaning-making beyond the rote actions of visualizing within archaeology to a form that is more theoretically deeper. By viewing the construction and capture and the production of 3D or 2D visual data through a different lens but within theoretical archaeological terms, we can begin to understand our role in the creation of meaning within virtual archaeology.
Diagnosing CH4 models using the equivalent length in the
stratosphere
Authors: Wang Zhiting , Warneke Thorsten , Dils Bart , Notholt Justus , Saunois Marielle
Published: May 2017

Abstract. The equivalent length, a measure for mixing strength in the atmosphere, in meridional direction in the current application, is used here to investigate the causes of the atmospheric chemistry model (TM3, TM5-4DVAR and LMDz-PYVAR) biases in the stratosphere. Compared to measurements, we find that the modeled surf zone (a strongly stirred region caused by planetary wave breaking in mid-latitude stratosphere in the winter hemisphere), especially in the southern hemisphere, is not strong enough. We assume that this is due to an underestimation of the planetary wave breaking magnitude in the models. Consequently, the region with meridional uniform stratospheric CH4 concentrations has smaller latitudinal coverages in the models than the measurements, especially in the southern hemisphere between June and September. During the southern winter, a region with both vertically and horizontally well mixed CH4 concentrations occur between 450 and 850 K (~ 18 and 30 km) in surf zone latitudes. Such a region is absent in the models, and underestimations of CH4 concentrations within it are visible in comparisons with measured CH4 profiles. The modeled polar vortex breaks too fast and during the vortex period CH4 concentration differences across its barrier are underestimated compared to the measurements.
High-resolution airborne imaging DOAS measurements of NO2 above Bucharest during AROMAT
Authors: Meier Andreas Carlos , Schönhardt Anja , Bösch Tim , Richter Andreas , Seyler André , Ruhtz Thomas , Constantin Daniel-Eduard , Shaiganfar Reza , Wagner Thomas , Merlaud Alexis , Van Roozendael Michel , Belegante Livio , Nicolae Doina , Georgescu Lucian , Burrows John Philip
Published: May 2017

Abstract. In this study we report on airborne imaging DOAS measurements of NO2 from two flights performed in Bucharest during the AROMAT campaign (Airborne ROmanian Measurements of Aerosols and Trace gases) in September 2014. These measurements were performed with the Airborne imaging Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) instrument for Measurements of Atmospheric Pollution (AirMAP) and provide nearly gapless maps of column densities of NO2 below the aircraft with a high spatial resolution of better than 100 m. The air mass factors, which are needed to convert the measured differential slant column densities (dSCDs) to vertical column densities (VCDs), have a strong dependence on the surface reflectance, which has to be accounted for in the retrieval. This is especially important for measurements above urban areas, where the surface properties vary strongly. As the instrument is not radiometrically calibrated, we have developed a method to derive the surface reflectance from intensities measured by AirMAP. This method is based on radiative transfer calculation with SCIATRAN and a reference area for which the surface reflectance is known. While surface properties are clearly apparent in the NO2 dSCD results, this effect is successfully corrected for in the VCD results. Furthermore, we investigate the influence of aerosols on the retrieval for a variety of aerosol profiles that were measured in the context of the AROMAT campaigns. The results of two research flights are presented, which reveal distinct horizontal distribution patterns and strong spatial gradients of NO2 across the city. Pollution levels range from background values in the outskirts located upwind of the city to about 4  ×  1016 molec cm−2 in the polluted city center. Validation against two co-located mobile car-DOAS measurements yields good agreement between the datasets, with correlation coefficients of R =  0.94 and R =  0.85, respectively. Estimations on the NOx emission rate of Bucharest for the two flights yield emission rates of 15.1 ± 9.4 and 13.6 ± 8.4 mol s−1, respectively.
Quantifying TOLNet Ozone Lidar Accuracy during the 2014 DISCOVER-AQ and FRAPPÉ Campaigns
Authors: Wang Lihua , Newchurch Michael J. , Alvarez II Raul J. , Berkoff Timothy A. , Brown Steven S. , Carrion William , De Young Russell J. , Johnson Bryan J. , Ganoe Rene , Gronoff Guillaume , Kirgis Guillaume , Kuang Shi , Langford Andrew O. , Leblanc Thierry , McDuffie Erin E. , McGee Thomas J. , Pliutau Denis , Senff Christoph J. , Sullivan John T. , Sumnicht Grant , Twigg Laurence W. , Weinheimer Andrew J.
Published: May 2017

Abstract. The Tropospheric Ozone Lidar Network (TOLNet) is a unique network of lidar systems that measure high-resolution atmospheric profiles of ozone. The accurate characterization of these lidars is necessary to determine the uniformity of cross-instrument calibration. From July to August 2014, three lidars, the TROPospheric OZone (TROPOZ) lidar, the Tunable Optical Profiler for Aerosol and oZone (TOPAZ) lidar, and the Langley Mobile Ozone Lidar (LMOL), of TOLNet participated in the Deriving Information on Surface conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ) mission and the Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry Éxperiment (FRAPPÉ) to measure ozone variations from the boundary layer to the top of the troposphere. This study presents the analysis of the intercomparison between the TROPOZ, TOPAZ, and LMOL lidars, along with comparisons between the lidars and other in situ ozone instruments including ozonesondes and a P-3B airborne chemiluminescence sensor. In terms of the range-resolving capability, the TOLNet lidars measured vertical ozone structures with an accuracy generally better than ±15 % within the troposphere. Larger differences occur at some individual altitudes in both the near-field and far-field range of the lidar systems, largely as expected. In terms of column average, the TOLNet lidars measured ozone with an accuracy better than ±5 % for both the intercomparison between the lidars and between the lidars and other instruments. These results indicate very good measurement accuracy for these three TOLNet lidars, making them suitable for use in air quality, satellite validation, and ozone modeling efforts.
Propagation of a whistler wave incident from above on the lower nighttime ionosphere
Authors: Bespalov Peter , Mizonova Vera
Published: May 2017

Abstract. The problems of reflection and transmission of a whistler wave incident in the nighttime ionosphere from above are considered. Numerical solution of the wave equations for a typical condition of the lower ionosphere is found. The solution area comprises both the region of strong wave refraction and a sharp boundary of the nighttime ionosphere (∼ 100 km). The energy reflection coefficient and horizontal wave magnetic field on the ground surface are calculated. The results obtained are important for analysis of the extremely low-frequency and very low-frequency (ELF–VLF) emission phenomena observed from both the satellites and the ground-based observatories.
Vorticity-divergence semi-Lagrangian global atmospheric model SL-AV20: dynamical core
Authors: Tolstykh Mikhail , Shashkin Vladimir , Fadeev Rostislav , Goyman Gordey
Published: May 2017

Abstract. SL-AV (semi-Lagrangian, based on the absolute vorticity equation) is a global hydrostatic atmospheric model. Its latest version, SL-AV20, provides global operational medium-range weather forecast with 20 km resolution over Russia. The lower-resolution configurations of SL-AV20 are being tested for seasonal prediction and climate modeling. The article presents the model dynamical core. Its main features are a vorticity-divergence formulation at the unstaggered grid, high-order finite-difference approximations, semi-Lagrangian semi-implicit discretization and the reduced latitude–longitude grid with variable resolution in latitude. The accuracy of SL-AV20 numerical solutions using a reduced lat–lon grid and the variable resolution in latitude is tested with two idealized test cases. Accuracy and stability of SL-AV20 in the presence of the orography forcing are tested using the mountain-induced Rossby wave test case. The results of all three tests are in good agreement with other published model solutions. It is shown that the use of the reduced grid does not significantly affect the accuracy up to the 25 % reduction in the number of grid points with respect to the regular grid. Variable resolution in latitude allows us to improve the accuracy of a solution in the region of interest.
Variational assimilation of IASI SO2 plume height and total column retrievals in the 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull using the SILAM v5.3 chemistry transport model
Authors: Vira Julius , Carboni Elisa , Grainger Roy G. , Sofiev Mikhail
Published: May 2017

Abstract. This study focuses on two new aspects of inverse modelling of volcanic emissions. First, we derive an observation operator for satellite retrievals of plume height, and second, we solve the inverse problem using an algorithm based on the 4D-Var data assimilation method. The approach is first tested in a twin experiment with simulated observations and further evaluated by assimilating IASI SO2 plume height and total column retrievals in a source term inversion for the 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull. The inversion resulted in temporal and vertical reconstruction of the SO2 emissions during 1–20 May 2010 with formal vertical and temporal resolutions of 500 m and 12 h.The plume height observation operator is based on simultaneous assimilation of the plume height and total column retrievals. The plume height is taken to represent the vertical centre of mass, which is transformed into the first moment of mass (centre of mass times total mass). This makes the observation operator linear and simple to implement. The necessary modifications to the observation error covariance matrix are derived.Regularization by truncated iteration is investigated as a simple and efficient regularization method for the 4D-Var-based inversion. In the twin experiments, the truncated iteration was found to perform similarly to the commonly used Tikhonov regularization, which in turn is equivalent to a Gaussian a priori source term. However, the truncated iteration allows the level of regularization to be determined a posteriori without repeating the inversion.In the twin experiments, assimilating the plume height retrievals resulted in a 5–20 % improvement in root mean squared error but simultaneously introduced a 10–20 % low bias on the total emission depending on assumed emission profile. The results are consistent with those obtained with real data. For Eyjafjallajökull, comparisons with observations showed that assimilating the plume height retrievals reduced the overestimation of injection height during individual periods of 1–3 days, but for most of the simulated 20 days, the injection height was constrained by meteorological conditions, and assimilation of the plume height retrievals had only small impact. The a posteriori source term for Eyjafjallajökull consisted of 0.29 Tg (with total column and plume height retrievals) or 0.33 Tg (with total column retrievals only) erupted SO2 of which 95 % was injected below 11 or 12 km, respectively.
A gain–loss framework based on ensemble flow forecasts to switch the urban drainage–wastewater system management towards energy optimization during dry periods
Authors: Courdent Vianney , Grum Morten , Munk-Nielsen Thomas , Mikkelsen Peter S.
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Precipitation is the cause of major perturbation to the flow in urban drainage and wastewater systems. Flow forecasts, generated by coupling rainfall predictions with a hydrologic runoff model, can potentially be used to optimize the operation of integrated urban drainage–wastewater systems (IUDWSs) during both wet and dry weather periods. Numerical weather prediction (NWP) models have significantly improved in recent years, having increased their spatial and temporal resolution. Finer resolution NWP are suitable for urban-catchment-scale applications, providing longer lead time than radar extrapolation. However, forecasts are inevitably uncertain, and fine resolution is especially challenging for NWP. This uncertainty is commonly addressed in meteorology with ensemble prediction systems (EPSs). Handling uncertainty is challenging for decision makers and hence tools are necessary to provide insight on ensemble forecast usage and to support the rationality of decisions (i.e. forecasts are uncertain and therefore errors will be made; decision makers need tools to justify their choices, demonstrating that these choices are beneficial in the long run). This study presents an economic framework to support the decision-making process by providing information on when acting on the forecast is beneficial and how to handle the EPS. The relative economic value (REV) approach associates economic values with the potential outcomes and determines the preferential use of the EPS forecast. The envelope curve of the REV diagram combines the results from each probability forecast to provide the highest relative economic value for a given gain–loss ratio. This approach is traditionally used at larger scales to assess mitigation measures for adverse events (i.e. the actions are taken when events are forecast). The specificity of this study is to optimize the energy consumption in IUDWS during low-flow periods by exploiting the electrical smart grid market (i.e. the actions are taken when no events are forecast). Furthermore, the results demonstrate the benefit of NWP neighbourhood post-processing methods to enhance the forecast skill and increase the range of beneficial uses.
Anomalous winter-snow-amplified earthquake-induced disaster of the 2015 Langtang avalanche in Nepal
Authors: Fujita Koji , Inoue Hiroshi , Izumi Takeki , Yamaguchi Satoru , Sadakane Ayako , Sunako Sojiro , Nishimura Kouichi , Immerzeel Walter W. , Shea Joseph M. , Kayastha Rijan B. , Sawagaki Takanobu , Breashears David F. , Yagi Hiroshi , Sakai Akiko
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Coseismic avalanches and rockfalls, as well as their simultaneous air blast and muddy flow, which were induced by the 2015 Gorkha earthquake in Nepal, destroyed the village of Langtang. In order to reveal volume and structure of the deposit covering the village, as well as sequence of the multiple events, we conducted an intensive in situ observation in October 2015. Multitemporal digital elevation models created from photographs taken by helicopter and unmanned aerial vehicles reveal that the deposit volumes of the primary and succeeding events were 6.81 ± 1.54  ×  106 and 0.84 ± 0.92  ×  106 m3, respectively. Visual investigations of the deposit and witness statements of villagers suggest that the primary event was an avalanche composed mostly of snow, while the collapsed glacier ice could not be dominant source for the total mass. Succeeding events were multiple rockfalls which may have been triggered by aftershocks. From the initial deposit volume and the area of the upper catchment, we estimate an average snow depth of 1.82 ± 0.46 m in the source area. This is consistent with anomalously large snow depths (1.28–1.52 m) observed at a neighboring glacier (4800–5100 m a.s.l.), which accumulated over the course of four major snowfall events between October 2014 and the earthquake on 25 April 2015. Considering long-term observational data, probability density functions, and elevation gradients of precipitation, we conclude that this anomalous winter snow was an extreme event with a return interval of at least 100 years. The anomalous winter snowfall may have amplified the disastrous effects induced by the 2015 Gorkha earthquake in Nepal.
Non-linear effects of pore pressure increase on seismic event generation in a multi-degree-of-freedom rate-and-state model of tectonic fault sliding
Authors: Turuntaev Sergey B. , Riga Vasily Y.
Published: May 2017

Abstract. The influence of fluid injection on tectonic fault sliding and seismic event generations was studied by a multi-degree-of-freedom rate-and-state friction model with a two-parametric friction law. A system of blocks (up to 25 blocks) elastically connected to each other and connected by elastic springs to a constant-velocity moving driver was considered. Variation of the pore pressure due to fluid injection led to variation of effective stress between the first block and the substrate. Initially the block system was in a steady-sliding state; then, its state was changed by the pore pressure increase. The influence of the model parameters (number of blocks, spring stiffness, velocity weakening parameter) on the seismicity variations was considered. Various slip patterns were obtained and analysed.
Correcting for static shift of magnetotelluric data with airborne electromagnetic measurements: a case study from Rathlin Basin, Northern Ireland
Authors: Delhaye Robert , Rath Volker , Jones Alan G. , Muller Mark R. , Reay Derek
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Galvanic distortions of magnetotelluric (MT) data, such as the static-shift effect, are a known problem that can lead to incorrect estimation of resistivities and erroneous modelling of geometries with resulting misinterpretation of subsurface electrical resistivity structure. A wide variety of approaches have been proposed to account for these galvanic distortions, some depending on the target area, with varying degrees of success. The natural laboratory for our study is a hydraulically permeable volume of conductive sediment at depth, the internal resistivity structure of which can be used to estimate reservoir viability for geothermal purposes; however, static-shift correction is required in order to ensure robust and precise modelling accuracy.We present here a possible method to employ frequency–domain electromagnetic data in order to correct static-shift effects, illustrated by a case study from Northern Ireland. In our survey area, airborne frequency domain electromagnetic (FDEM) data are regionally available with high spatial density. The spatial distributions of the derived static-shift corrections are analysed and applied to the uncorrected MT data prior to inversion. Two comparative inversion models are derived, one with and one without static-shift corrections, with instructive results. As expected from the one-dimensional analogy of static-shift correction, at shallow model depths, where the structure is controlled by a single local MT site, the correction of static-shift effects leads to vertical scaling of resistivity–thickness products in the model, with the corrected model showing improved correlation to existing borehole wireline resistivity data. In turn, as these vertical scalings are effectively independent of adjacent sites, lateral resistivity distributions are also affected, with up to half a decade of resistivity variation between the models estimated at depths down to 2000 m. Simple estimation of differences in bulk porosity, derived using Archie's Law, between the two models reinforces our conclusion that the suborder of magnitude resistivity contrasts induced by the correction of static shifts correspond to similar contrasts in estimated porosities, and hence, for purposes of reservoir investigation or similar cases requiring accurate absolute resistivity estimates, galvanic distortion correction, especially static-shift correction, is essential.
The modelled liquid water balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: Steger Christian R. , Reijmer Carleen H. , van den Broeke Michiel R.
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Recent studies indicate that the surface mass balance will dominate the Greenland Ice Sheet's (GrIS) contribution to 21st century sea level rise. Consequently, it is crucial to understand the liquid water balance (LWB) of the ice sheet and its response to increasing surface melt. We therefore analyse a firn simulation conducted with SNOWPACK for the GrIS and over the period 1960–2014 with a special focus on the LWB and refreezing. An indirect evaluation of the simulated refreezing climate with GRACE and firn temperature observations indicate a good model performance. Results of the LWB analysis reveal a spatially uniform increase in surface melt during 1990–2014. As a response, refreezing and runoff also indicate positive trends for this period, where refreezing increases with only half the rate of runoff, which implies that the majority of the additional liquid input runs off the ice sheet. However, this pattern is spatially variable as e.g. in the southeastern part of the GrIS, most of the additional liquid input is buffered in the firn layer due to relatively high snowfall rates. The increase in modelled refreezing leads to a general decrease in firn air content and to a substantial increase in near-surface firn temperature in some regions. On the western side of the ice sheet, modelled firn temperature increases are highest in the lower accumulation zone and are primarily caused by the exceptional melt season of 2012. On the eastern side, simulated firn temperature increases more gradually and with an associated upward migration of firn aquifers.
Introduction to the Special Issue: School Counselors Transforming Schools for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ) Students
Authors: Singh Anneliese A. , Kosciw Joseph G.
Published: May 2017

The special issue of Professional School Counseling on “School Counselors Transforming Schools for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ) Students” contains six empirical studies practicing school counselors and school counselor educators can use to inform their own training and refine their interventions with LGBTQ students in order to transform the school environment into an affirming one for LGBTQ students.
Forecasting an Inclusive Future: School Counseling Strategies to Deconstruct Educational Heteronormativity
Authors: Strear Molly M.
Published: May 2017

This Delphi study engaged a panel of 14 school counselor educators and school counselors in a critical discourse to generate school counseling strategies to deconstruct educational heteronormativity. This study resulted in 51 school counseling strategies that school counselors can employ to deconstruct educational heteronormativity. This article also provides an introduction to heteronormativity and queer theory to demonstrate how school counselors can engage in social justice advocacy through intentional practice.
Identifying and Prioritizing the Contributory Factors to the Early Internationalization of International New Ventures in Halal Food Industry
Authors: Rezvani Mehran , Davari Ali , Parvaneh Nazanin
Published: May 2017

This study seeks to identify and prioritize the determining factors in the early internationalization of international new ventures in Halal food industry. In terms of nature and objective, this is an applied research employing quantitative methods. The process consists of two steps. First, the most important factors in the early internationalization of new ventures were identified through an inquiry into previous literature.  Then, a questionnaire was devised and distributed among 80 managers and experts working in new Halal food ventures. Subsequently, the collected data were analyzed by PLS and SPSS software. Results indicate that factors such as the managerial characteristics, the company features, the network, the industry features, technology, company resources, country features, advertisement and the knowledge as well as Halal brands (form the participants’ perspective) have respectively contributed to the early internationalization of international new ventures in Halal food industry in Iran.
Measuring the Degree of Internationalization for Taiwanese Banking Industry: Scoring Measurement by Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Liu Hsiang-Hsi , Ko Wang Chiang
Published: May 2017

This paper mainly focuses on researching and measuring the effects concerning the degree of internationalization (DOI) within the Taiwanese banking industry, with particular application of the scoring measurement by principal component analysis (PCA). The empirical results indicate that there exits an increasing trend for the DOI of Taiwanese banking industry as measured by FATA (each bank’s overseas assets over its own total assets), FETE (each bank’s overseas equities over its own total equities), FSTS (each bank’s overseas sales over its own total sales) and FBTB (each bank’s overseas facilities and operating units over its own total operating units). Under the Box-cox transformation, the DOI scoring index as percentage level (%) from 0 to 100 shows that the relevance of the variables are mostly above 50, indicating that the DOI of the observed Taiwanese banks are quite strong. Thus, the results support the existence and importance of the DOI for current Taiwanese financial institutions, while presenting complimentary and more realistic information regarding the degree of internationalization for Taiwanese banks. At the same time, providing substantial groundwork and adding value to future international management research and investigations that could help representatives of government and management decision makers to achieve better investment decision-making for business strategies and prompt international expansion.
Negative phototaxis in M. incognita
Authors: Oota Morihiro , Gotoh Eiji , Endo Masaharu , Ishida Takashi , Matsushita Tomonao , Sawa Shinichiro
Published: May 2017

Phototaxis is a well-known behavior in many animals. However, little is known whether nematodes living in soil recognize light. Meloidogyne incognita is one of the most important root-knot nematode pests in the world. It has a very wide host range and can infect almost all plant species. Here, we examined the phototactic response in M. incognita. Negative phototactic behavior was observed in M. incognita on an agar plate. Nematodes responded by avoiding white light and blue light more than red light on agar plates. Light avoidance behavior of the nematodes was examined by microscopic analysis, and the nematodes escaped from near ultraviolet light (365 nm) in only approximately 3.2 seconds. They also avoided blue (470 nm), blue-green (500 nm), and green (550 nm) light in approximately 4.1, 7.4, and 10.0 seconds, respectively. These results suggest that M. incognita exhibits negative phototaxis, in particular, responding efficiently to shorter wavelength of light.
Internações por condições sensíveis à atenção primária em Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Arruda Jocinei Santos de , Costa Juvenal Soares Dias da
Published: May 2017

Objetivos: O presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar a tendência das internações por condições sensíveis à atenção primária (ICSAP) em Novo Hamburgo, comparando-a com o restante do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, e relacionando-a com os investimentos financeiros em saúde e a cobertura da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) no município, no período de 1998 a 2012. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo ecológico. Os dados foram coletados do Sistema de Internações Hospitalares do SUS. As causas de ICSAP foram baseadas na lista do Ministério da Saúde. A tendência das ICSAP em Novo Hamburgo e no restante do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul foram analisadas por meio dos seus coeficientes padronizados, pelas médias móveis a cada três anos e pela Regressão Binomial Negativa. Foi realizada análise de correlação entre as variáveis de interesse. Resultados: Apesar do aumento de 329,26% nos investimentos financeiros e da expansão da cobertura por ESF no período, atingindo 20,20% da população, não houve diminuição nas tendências dos coeficientes de ICSAP em Novo Hamburgo. No restante do Rio Grande do Sul houve redução nas ICSAP, contudo, os coeficientes foram maiores do que em Novo Hamburgo no período estudado. Conclusões: Embora no presente estudo não tenha sido encontrada associação entre a diminuição nos coeficientes de ICSAP com o aumento da cobertura pela ESF, incremento do investimento financeiro em saúde, investimento financeiro em APS e o gasto per capita em saúde, há evidências que estes estejam correlacionados. Provavelmente, a cobertura de ESF não foi suficiente para impactar as ICSAP.
New species of Boreohesperus (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae) from north-western Australia
Authors: Car Catherine A. , Harvey Mark S.
Published: May 2017

To date, six species of the Australian endemic millipede genus Boreohesperus have been recognized: all have highly localized distributions, consistent with being short-range endemic species, and all are from the Cape Range and Pilbara region of Western Australia. In this paper, we describe three new species, B. alcyonis sp. nov., B. psittacinus sp. nov., and B. vascellus sp. nov., each from a different island in the Kimberley region of north-western Australia.
The Art of Causal Modeling
Authors: Halpern Joseph Y.
Published: May 2017

According to the definition of causality considered in the previous two chapters, whether A is a cause of B depends on the model used. A can be the cause of B in one model and not another. This chapter considers how a “good” model should be constructed. Factors considered include the choice of variables and their values, and the normality ordering chosen. Of particular interest is the extent to which the question of whether A is a cause of B remains stable as more variables are added to the model in a conservative way, that is, without changing the relationships between variables already in the model.
Wiring variations that enable and constrain neural computation in a sensory microcircuit
Authors: Tobin William F , Wilson Rachel I , Lee Wei-Chung Allen
Published: May 2017

Neural network function can be shaped by varying the strength of synaptic connections. One way to achieve this is to vary connection structure. To investigate how structural variation among synaptic connections might affect neural computation, we examined primary afferent connections in the Drosophila olfactory system. We used large-scale serial section electron microscopy to reconstruct all the olfactory receptor neuron (ORN) axons that target a left-right pair of glomeruli, as well as all the projection neurons (PNs) postsynaptic to these ORNs. We found three variations in ORN→PN connectivity. First, we found a systematic co-variation in synapse number and PN dendrite size, suggesting total synaptic conductance is tuned to postsynaptic excitability. Second, we discovered that PNs receive more synapses from ipsilateral than contralateral ORNs, providing a structural basis for odor lateralization behavior. Finally, we found evidence of imprecision in ORN→PN connections that can diminish network performance.
Hva er yrkesdidaktikk i dagens yrkesopplæring i skole?
Authors: Hansen Kari Henriette
Published: May 2017

I dag forventes det at yrkesfaglæreren kan tilrettelegge og lede opplæring mot mange og ulike yrker og fagbrevområder som elevene utdanner seg til i en og samme klasse. Forskning og evaluering etter Kunnskapsløftet KL (06) viser store didaktiske utfordringer i dagens yrkesopplæring, både første året i videregående kurs 1 (Vg1) og i flere av de brede videregående kurs 2 (Vg2). Det er derfor et behov for å diskutere hva som skal til for å utvikle en relevant og fremtidsrettet yrkesopplæring for alle elevene i skolen. De brede utdanningsprogrammene har ført til at mange elever i Vg1 må gjennomgå moduler av utvalgte yrker, selv om de har bestemt seg for et yrke når de begynner i videregående.  I Vg2 risikerer elever å komme opp til eksamen i et annet yrke enn det de har fått lærlingplass i.Formålet med artikkelen er å diskutere hva yrkesdidaktikken bør inneholde for å være et nyttig redskap i utvikling av yrkeskompetanse og relevans, demokrati og elevmedvirkning i yrkesopplæringen.Grunnlaget for denne artikkelen, baserer seg på funn fra et treårig FoU-samarbeid med et tverrfaglig lærerteam innen bygg- og anleggsteknikk. Metodene som brukes i studien er elektronisk spørreundersøkelse blant elever og gruppeintervju med yrkesfaglærere. Funnene fra forskningsarbeidet viser at innholdet i yrkesdidaktikken bør endres for å sikre kvalitet i yrkesopplæringens Vg1 og brede Vg2, og for å sikre relevans i yrkesfaglærerutdanningene.
Modeling and management of usage-aware distributed datasets for global Smart City Application Ecosystems
Authors: Schleicher Johannes M. , Vögler Michael , Inzinger Christian , Dustdar Schahram
Published: May 2017

The ever-growing amount of data produced by and in today’s smart cities offers significant potential for novel applications created by city stakeholders as well as third parties. Current smart city application models mostly assume that data is exclusively managed by and bound to its original application and location. We argue that smart city data must not be constrained to such data silos so that future smart city applications can seamlessly access and integrate data from multiple sources across multiple cities. In this paper, we present a methodology and toolset to model available smart city data sources and enable efficient, distributed data access in smart city environments. We introduce a modeling abstraction to describe the structure and relevant properties, such as security and compliance constraints, of smart city data sources along with independently accessible subsets in a technology-agnostic way. Based on this abstraction, we present a middleware toolset for efficient and seamless data access through autonomous relocation of relevant subsets of available data sources to improve Quality of Service for smart city applications based on a configurable mechanism. We evaluate our approach using a case study in the context of a distributed city infrastructure decision support system and show that selective relocation of data subsets can significantly reduce application response times.