bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Literasi Keuangan, Modal Sosial Dan Inklusi Keuangan Terhadap Kinerja UMKM Provinsi Sumatera Barat Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Nadia Putri
Published: February 2024

Pandemi Covid-19 memberikan dampak besar pada sektor ekonomi Indonesia. Terutama pada sektor UMKM yang merupakan salah satu stabilisator perekonomian Negara. Pandemi secara langsung telah berdampak pada kinerja UMKM. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh literasi keuangan, modal sosial dan inklusi keuangan terhadap kinerja UMKM pada masa pandemic Covid-19. Sampel penelitian adalah 143 UMKM yang ada di provinsi Sumatera Barat. Sampel dikumpulkan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan cara melakukan penyebaran kuesioner memalui google form dan secara langsung. Penelitian ini bersifat kuantitatif dan menggunakan alat analisis SPSS versi 2.3. Level unit analisis penelitian ini adalah pelaku UMKM di provinsi Sumatera Barat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa literasi keuangan berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kinerja UMKM, modal sosial  berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kinerja UMKM dan inklusi keuangan memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja UMKM pada masa pandemic Covid-19
Onwards
Authors: McBride Anne B. , Williams J. Corey
Published: February 2024

Moving on presents an opportunity for reflection. I became involved with JAACAP Connect in late 2019 and served as the JAACAP Connect Editor from 2021 to 2022. It is staggering to reflect on the extent of global and national change in such a brief time. The world struggling through a pandemic. The country confronting racism and violence. And so much more hard work lies ahead. In parallel, my journey with Connect includes a rich tapestry of emotions, from joy and excitement to angst and uncertainty and even loss and grief. When I started this journey, I was most looking forward to working with new authors, hoping to help mentor and inspire creativity and the furthering of scientific knowledge within the field of child and adolescent psychiatry. This part of my journey was extremely fulfilling, though I found that I was the one left inspired by the next generation of child psychiatrists. What surprised me during this journey was the family I gained along the way, for whom I will be forever grateful. I am so excited to see where our newest member of the JAACAP family, the amazing Dr. J. Corey Williams, takes us next. Onwards.
The Child Psychiatrist’s Role in Advocacy for Diversion of Justice-Involved Youth: A Trainee Perspective
Authors: España Karina , Bodden Jessica , Halpin Laura E. , Bath Eraka
Published: February 2024

Racism is a structural driver of inequity.1 Although the rate of juvenile arrests have significantly decreased in recent decades,2 Black, Hispanic, and American Indian youth persistently have disproportionate contact with the juvenile legal system at each stage. This is due to manifestations of systemic racism such as differential access to prevention and treatment opportunities, educational disparities, socioeconomic status, legislation that disproportionately disadvantages youth of color, and cumulative disadvantage as they move through the juvenile legal system. For example, youth of color are more likely to be detained and more likely to receive severe treatment at judicial disposition, when compared to their White counterparts.3
“That Could Have Been Me!”: The Importance of Assessing for Vicarious Racial Trauma in BIPOC Youth
Authors: Jaspal Hardeep , Laddaran Lauren , Lim Amanda , Minami Jennifer , Farquharson Wilfred
Published: February 2024

The concept of vicarious trauma has evolved over time.

The term vicarious trauma originally referred to the trauma that therapists experienced during the course of their work with adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse.1 Later, vicarious trauma was recognized among other helping professionals, such as first responders, emergency room staff/nurses, and law enforcement. In the current DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria for PTSD, one kind of exposure (Criterion A4) is “experiencing repeated or extreme exposure to aversive details of the traumatic event(s) (eg, first responders collecting human remains; police officers repeatedly exposed to details of child abuse),”2 However, it is noted that “Criterion A4 does not apply to exposure through electronic media, television, movies, or pictures unless this exposure is work-related.” Outside of work-related exposure, Criterion A3 describes trauma that can occur through indirect exposure but limits it to events that occurred to a close family member or close friend.
Lab to Smartphone: ADHD Is Relative: Let’s Deal With It
Authors: Rettew David C.
Published: February 2024

The national shortage of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medications is thought to be due, in large part, to a demand issue, meaning that there simply are more prescriptions being written these days compared to years past. This surge in demand does not come as a surprise to many child and adolescent psychiatrists who have felt the rise in evaluation requests from people, often adolescents and young adults, who think they may qualify for the diagnosis and could benefit from treatment, even if the question never came up when they were younger. When I was a resident, the prevailing teaching was that ADHD affected about 3-5% of the population with most people no longer qualifying for a diagnosis in adulthood. More recently, that prevalence estimate hovers around 10% with at least half continuing to have diagnosable symptoms later in life.1
Assessment of Postpartum Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Secondary to Childbirth at Delivery and 10 Weeks Postpartum
Authors: Shenai Neeta , Salk Rachel , Lim Sarah , Chernoff Eva , Gopalan Priya , Joseph Heather M.
Published: February 2024

Childbirth is recognized as a potential traumatic event and can lead to postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).1 Postpartum PTSD may carry significant morbidity with negative ramifications on parent-infant bonding, marital relationships, comorbid psychiatric illnesses, and future reproductive decisions.1 Emergency cesarean section, medical complications of mother or baby, high subjective distress, and presence of dissociation are risk factors with the highest predictive values for postpartum PTSD.2 However, as deliveries without medical complications can also be perceived as traumatic, identifying women at risk for postpartum PTSD remains a challenge. The current study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of assessing the presence of trauma at delivery and progression of symptoms at 10 weeks.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Women: Highlighting Vulnerabilities and Opportunities
Authors: Lowder Kimberly , Shapiro Desiree , Richards Misty C.
Published: February 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted life at home, school, work, and in our community. These disruptions threatened both personal and professional safety and stability. Women were particularly impacted by the global pandemic, as it amplified existing social,

economic, and health inequities. In this article, we highlight unique and concerning challenges for women, with a focus on female child and adolescent psychiatrists.
Finding Strength
Authors: McBride Anne B.
Published: February 2024

I step outside into the bright, beautiful California winter morning and try to appreciate the positives. And yet, it’s already been a long winter. All around me, emotional exhaustion once again feels high. It’s easy to understand why. The COVID-19 pandemic has continued, and after two years, we are seeing catastrophic downstream effects amongst the children and families with whom we work. Meanwhile, mental health care organizations are struggling with retention, leading to serious workforce shortages and consequential increased workload on current providers. In fact, in late 2021, AACAP partnered with the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Children’s Hospital Association to declare a National State of Emergency in Children’s Mental Health.1 In my own life, things came to such a head recently that my friend announced that we would enroll in a happiness course2 to combat our growing burnout. While I did immediately enroll in the course weeks ago to decrease my own burnout, I have of course been so busy with work that I have only made it through two days of the course material. And that’s the problem, right? It can feel like prioritizing our own wellbeing simply delays the checking-off from the endless to-do list. While I know that I’m not doing this elusive wellness “balance” right, nor do I know how to do it right, I do know that talking about these realities helps me.
Biology of Immigrant Stress: How Can We Be Better Clinicians for Immigrant Families?
Authors: Yuen Eunice Y.
Published: February 2024

The number of international migrants has never been higher than today. People are displaced from their homelands due to climate change, political conflicts or simply seeking a better way of life. Our hearts are torn by news of thousands of immigrant families and minorities – Syrian refugee families fleeing from their terrorized life, Hispanic children being forcefully separated from parents at the border, duped Chinese immigrants helplessly ensnared in sex trafficking, and Afghanistan families who continue to live under the shadow of the Taliban.
Moving Forward
Authors: McBride Anne B.
Published: February 2024

In a recent child psychiatry faculty development discussion, I reflected with my colleagues on the new generation of emerging doctors. One colleague noted that these individuals were going to change medicine as we know it. The change, we all discussed, was in relation to the entire structure and practice of medicine, especially around social justice and health equity. Gone will be the days of steeped hierarchies and “pimping” rounds, of being bystanders to injustice, of disconnecting from systemic change. Remember that shocking and revealing book, The House of God, published in 1978? (Full disclosure, I couldn’t stomach more than a chapter when I tried to read it in medical school.) Dehumanizing practice, tradition, and structure must become a thing of the past.
Connect Corner: Dramatization of Media Portrayal of Suicide Over Time: A Comparison of The Virgin Suicides to 13 Reasons Why
Authors: Harness Jane
Published: February 2024

The first time I considered watching the controversial Netflix teen drama 13 Reasons Why1 was during an emergency room interview with a teenage boy. He said the show opened a window for him to contemplate suicide as an option. This was so compelling to me that after months of ignoring the chatter I heard about the show, I watched the first two seasons to try to understand how it might be influencing my patients’ mental health. I wondered, have media depictions of suicide always held this influence, or was this something unique to this new hit series? In an attempt to characterize a shift in media portrayal of suicide over time, I decided to compare the movie, The Virgin Suicides (released in 2000),2 and the Netflix series, 13 Reasons Why (released in 2017). While The Virgin Suicides, set in the 1970s, chronicles the mysterious suicides of the 5 Lisbon sisters as told by a group of infatuated neighborhood boys, 13 Reasons Why focuses on the singular teen suicide of Hannah Baker as told through the cassette tapes she left behind. Each tape contains one reason why she decided to end her life, centered around the people whom she felt hurt her most. Her classmates are similarly showcased in the aftermath of her death, with a focus on a boy named Clay. The allure of The Virgin Suicides hinges on adult nostalgia for 70’s suburbia as watchers wade in the hazy, mysterious cloud surrounding the Lisbon sister’s suicides. Conversely, in 13 Reasons Why, there is no mystery as Hannah unabashedly details how the hurt she endured from her peers influenced her decision to end her life.
Social Determinants of Health, Structural Racism, and the Impact on Child and Adolescent Mental Health
Authors: Cotton Nicole King , Shim Ruth S.
Published: February 2024

In recent years, there has been a greater emphasis on examining the factors, particularly the social factors, that affect health outcomes and contribute to population health inequities. The social determinants of health, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), are “the conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and develop, and the wider set of forces, including economic policies, social norms, and political systems, that shape the conditions of daily life and impact health outcomes.”1 These social determinants are influenced by the current political and economic environment in which an individual lives, as well as the long-standing sociocultural norms that have been sewn into the fabric of society. Structural racism is an underlying force that influences all social determinants of mental health in the United States. This article will examine the social determinants of health in youth through the lens of structural racism.
Supporting Head Start Employee Well-Being During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Jeffrey Jessica , Szeftel Zara , Herman Ariella
Published: February 2024

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is impacting many aspects of individual, family and community life. This is especially true for vulnerable children and families, such as those served by Head Start. Added emotional and socioeconomic pressure on families during the pandemic has put disadvantaged children at higher risk for adverse home events, mental health symptoms and long-term developmental consequences.1,2 Head Start programs, which began in 1965, were developed to mitigate the effects of economic disadvantage by supporting the cognitive, social, psychological and educational development of vulnerable children.3,4 Early childhood intervention programs involve a comprehensive array of educational and psychosocial supports which depend on the work of the early childhood workforce.4 The recent implementation of COVID-19 social distancing guidelines has created numerous personal and work-place challenges, resulting in significant stress on the essential workers at Head Start.
The Rise of Telehealth in Medical Education and Healthcare in the Era of COVID-19 and Beyond: Can Psychiatry Take the Lead?
Authors: Thaler Nicolin , Shankar Ravi
Published: February 2024

Telemedicine has been a trendy topic in the medical field in recent years. The possibility of increasing access to healthcare for remote or limited-mobility populations, improving provider efficiency, and possibly reducing costs to providers (including reduced physician travel time and personnel costs) has made the idea of implementing telehealth more enticing to many physicians.1 However, most still hesitated on its widespread adoption in their field, especially among seasoned practitioners, due to fears of reduced patient satisfaction, issues with reimbursement and licensure, breaches in privacy or safety, and difficulties with technologic operability.2 For example, in the field of psychiatry, though overall telemedicine use had been increasing, its use was not evenly distributed as only a select few physicians accounted for most visits: 100 physicians in 2014 accounted for over half the tele-mental health visits that year in psychiatry.3 The COVID-19 pandemic has presented a new urgency for the utilization of telemedicine tools for patient care and medical education, forcing rapid acceptance of a previously possibly controversial health care tool into the daily lives of many providers and medical students nationwide. Despite the difficulties and uncertainty of telemedicine tools, this pandemic presents the medical community with an opportunity to both improve our ability to respond to future crises and usher in an era of healthcare that allows increased access to care and medical education.
Anticipating the Mental Health Effects of COVID-19 in Youth: Social Isolation in a Digital Age
Authors: Rutledge Kyle
Published: February 2024

We have entered unusual times. As of this writing, the pandemic of COVID-19 is continuing to grow exponentially. New cases arise, policy changes quickly, and the entire world has become unified against a common enemy. In the United States, schools have been closed, recreational gatherings cancelled, and states locked down. Within medical education, students have been pulled off rotations, residents and attending physicians have found themselves reassigned to “the front lines,” and clinics have begun more liberally adopting telehealth systems. Social media is buzzing about the disease, with videos of quarantine-inspired novelties, memes cataloguing fears and reactions, and several posts even questioning the legitimacy of the threat. In psychiatry, we find ourselves working to anticipate how the fallout will land in the realm of mental health, and questioning what we can do about it.
Effective Interdisciplinary Medicine: Psychiatric Care in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Meadows Amy Lynn , Jayaratna Sonya , Vorholt Victoria , Pozzo Alba Morales
Published: February 2024

Diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1D) is one of the most common chronic illnesses in pediatrics. Child and adolescent psychiatrists (CAPs) may encounter pediatric patients with T1D whose emotional disruption increases the risk for poor glycemic control or diabetes complications. CAPs can assist pediatric providers and patients with T1D by providing collaborative care, including patient and family education, monitoring for common emotional and behavioral concerns, and treatment. We will briefly review common presentations of anxiety, depression, disordered eating, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and family conflict in T1D. Mental health is an essential component of an integrated approach to pediatric diabetes care.
Screening for Depression and Suicidality in Adolescents: The Korean Annual Nationwide Survey
Authors: Hwang Jun-Won , Kim Jae-Won , Chung Un-Sun , Hong Hyun Ju , Kim Bongseog
Published: February 2024

Depression is a major health problem among Korean youth. In Korean adolescents, depression often results in problems related to suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. The suicide rate is 4.7 per 100,000 in Korean youth ages 10 to 19 years and suicide

is the leading cause of death in Korean adolescents ages 13 to 18 years.1 Notably, the suicide rate in Korea seems to be one of the highest among Organization for

Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. Academic achievement is considered a key to overall success and is viewed as a survival response in highly competitive societies such as Korea.2 Therefore, considerable research attention has been paid towards the link between depression and Korean adolescents’ subjection to academic pressure and stress by both themselves and their parents.3 An adolescent’s depression tends to increase as a they advance in grade level, and one fifth of Korean adolescents has thought about committing suicide, mainly due to academic stress.3

This article aims to describe the systematic implementation of a depression screening and treatment program within secondary schools in Korea.
Structural Stigma
Authors: Chavez Alexis M. , Janssen Aron
Published: February 2024

There are well-documented health disparities in the LGBTQ population. LGBTQ youth are at higher risk for depression, anxiety, and addiction.1,2 In a Center for Disease Control and Prevention survey, 60% of LGB students reported having been so sad or hopeless that they stopped doing some of their usual activities.1 Studies in LGBT adults have found higher risks for tobacco, alcohol, other drug use, obesity, cancer, and HIV.3-5 When examining health disparities in minority populations such as LGBTQ populations, it is important to consider the role that stress and stigma play in order to fully appreciate how these disparities are created, increased, and perpetuated.
Expanding Pediatric Mental Health Treatment Through Technology: The Promise of Computer-Assisted Therapies (CATs)
Authors: Dunne John , Domakonda Mirjana
Published: February 2024

Disparities in accessing mental health care for children and adolescents are a major problem in the United States and elsewhere. This problem stems from many sources, including a significant shortage of child and adolescent psychiatrists and other mental health workers, an unequal distribution of services disproportionately concentrated in urban areas, insufficient awareness of child mental health, stigma associated with mental health problems, challenges to recognizing and diagnosing childhood mental health disorders, and inequities in funding for these services. There have been a number of different approaches to overcoming these barriers to care. This article focuses on the nascent application of computer-assisted therapies (CATs) to overcome the difficulties in accessing effective, evidence-based psychotherapeutic treatments.
Writing Like You’re Running Out of Time: Being a Publishing Advocate
Authors: Schreiber Justin
Published: February 2024

Sitting down to write my very first introduction to JAACAP Connect as editor, I have to admit it is not a role I would have ever seen myself in. I’ve always considered myself a clinician and an advocate. Like many of you, I went into child and adolescent psychiatry with an interest to help those most often in need. As a child and adolescent psychiatrist, I viewed my role as not only providing therapy and medication management, but also being an advocate against stigma, increasing access to care, increasing community supports, and challenging those that would restrict care. At the time, doing this work meant talking to policy makers, reviewing health policy, or working in the clinical setting. It didn’t seem like using research or scientific writing would be the way for me to accomplish these goals, and it wasn’t until my advocacy rotation that a faculty mentor showed me what I was missing. During her career, she had influenced policies that had real impact on adolescents throughout the state and beyond. She made it clear that if she didn’t study it and publish it, any advocacy work she did didn’t happen. It became clear that scientific study and publishing would be a valuable tool to be a strong advocate.
The Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist as an Advocate: How to Fill the Growing Need Amidst Rapidly Evolving Health Policy Changes and Reform Through Training and Beyond
Authors: Sagot Adam J. , Willing Laura , Koss Debra
Published: February 2024

There are many roles that child and adolescent psychiatrists are asked to play in the care of patients in their charge. Providing needed services to the vast numbers of child and adolescent populations is a daunting task in-and-of itself, especially considering that the current estimates of practicing providers is approximately 8,000 in the United States.1 The need for more providers is overwhelming. Published data estimates 20% of US children and adolescents (15 million), ages 9 to 17, have diagnosable psychiatric disorders.2 Given the limited number of providers and the evergrowing patient population they are asked to serve, the few providers that are specialty-trained are facing an uphill battle. Of the 8,000 practicing providers, many are based in geographic regions with specific metropolitan areas that contain more providers than the entirety of some states, such as Rhode Island or Delaware. This dramatically limits patient access to care.3 One way to address a resource shortage and lack of access to mental health care is through advocacy. Research has shown that networking, interacting with members of the government, and raising awareness of mental health needs can lead to better training, service delivery, and mental health policy.4 Due to the shortage of trained child and adolescent psychiatrists, the demand for both quality clinical care and effective advocacy is a responsibility that must be shared by all. Child and adolescent psychiatrists can lend credibility and expertise to advocacy groups seeking to improve access to quality care.
Responding to the Psychiatric Diagnosis Deniers
Authors: Rettew David C.
Published: February 2024

Another day, another book or blog post that boldly proclaims attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or some other psychiatric disorder really doesn’t “exist” and is instead a conspiracy of the pharmaceutic industry or an excuse people use to justify underachievement. To child and adolescent psychiatrists, these old accusations are pesky annoyances. But to our patients, these kinds of statements can really hurt, as they send the very clear message to them and everyone around them that there is no actual reason for their suffering and they should get themselves back on track immediately without any additional fuss. This is how stigma is generated and maintained, leading people to feel ashamed of their struggles and to avoid seeking help from anyone until the situation becomes dire.
Look. Listen. Feel.
Authors: Stroeh Oliver M.
Published: February 2024

With its 2010 Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and Emergency Cardiovascular Care (ECC), the American Heart Association removed its direction that first responders “look, listen, and feel for breathing.”1 Many of us in the healthcare field internalized these words during Basic Life Support (BLS) re-certification trainings. Yet, despite its persistent absence from the current official guidelines, I continue to consider this pithy phrase a tenant of assessment. It directs us be deliberate and attend to our multiple senses to increase our openness to and awareness of stimuli (internal and external)—all with the goal of facilitating and improving assessment. In this manner, the phrase is indeed “basic” (i.e., fundamental) and possesses vast utility and generalizability. Already recognized by some2 is the extension of this adage to the practice of reflection, and it is with this in mind that I invoke “look, listen, and feel” in reference to the diverse articles in this issue of Connect.
Educating Medical Students on Adolescent Schizotypal Personality Disorders
Authors: Chou Shinnyi , Whitmore Charles Albert , Rajendran Gautam
Published: February 2024

Personality disorders are particularly subtle and complex, and often present a challenge in medical student education. On one hand, there are critical differentials to consider when determining primary versus secondary diagnoses, and individual personality traits may greatly alter treatment approaches of various major psychiatric disorders.1 On the other hand, educators are constantly faced with the risk of students resting on the laurels of overgeneralization, approaching every patient on the disorder spectrum as an extreme personality type.2
Making It in Medicine: An AACAP Past President’s Reflections on a Lifetime Career
Authors: Schowalter John
Published: February 2024

My mother was born in 1890. I was her youngest child, born when she was 46 years old, during the worst depression in US history and in the midst of a crippling Wisconsin blizzard, which I was often told later made my birth in a hospital “iffy.” Obviously, my parents’ car was 1930s vintage. I understandably might have been born with a two-digit IQ. Yet, I was accepted by the University of Wisconsin Medical School at the age of 19 and was the 2014 University of Wisconsin Medical Alumnus of the Year. I am thus a poster child for the truism that being born smart is dumb luck.
Toward Greater Information Symmetry: Mental Health Literacy in Young Patients and Their Families
Authors: Rozbruch Erica V. , Wister Andrea S. , Friedberg Robert D. , Trafalis Sandra
Published: February 2024

Mental health literacy (MHL) refers to acquired knowledge and attitudes about psychiatric disorders and their treatment options.1 Increased MHL allows for behavioral health care consumers to know about diagnoses, how they are being treated, types of evidence-based treatments, and what it means when the treatment being delivered is truly evidence based. Many children and families are reluctant to seek psychiatric care due to reasons related to limited MHL,2 including not being able to identify emotional/behavioral problems, as well as not knowing if and where effective treatment options are available. Additionally, potential behavioral health care consumers may also hold negative attitudes toward mental health treatment. This commentary argues for wider MHL efforts by illustrating the importance of increasing consumer knowledge and offering concrete recommendations for enhancing MHL in the community.
Letters to a Young Poet: Hawaiian-Infused Mentoring Wisdom Instilled by John F. McDermott
Authors: Drury Stacy
Published: February 2024

The year that John F. McDermott was born, Franz Xavier Kappus published Letters to a Young Poet, a collection of letters he received from Rainer Maria Rilke, a Bohemian-Austrian poet acclaimed for his use of lyrical verse and imagery. Similar to Rilke’s timeless advice encapsulated in his letters to Kappus, the value of Jack’s words extend far beyond the specific circumstances for which they were written. I recognize now the enduring nature of Jack’s notes to me sent, not via mail as in Rilke’s era, but electronically, perhaps symbolic of Jack’s investment in merging the past wisdom of child psychiatry with the new era of neuroscience, Research Domain Criteria (RDoC), and, at least for me, telomeres.
Overcoming Energy Barriers to Authorship and Publication: Mentorship and the Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes Model
Authors: Stroeh Oliver M.
Published: February 2024

I have a specific kind of writer’s block that, harkening back to high school chemistry, I call my “energy barrier.” This label is not a term of endearment, nor does it refer to an absence of ideas or a lack of inspiration or motivation. Instead, it refers to the entangled emotional and psychological hang-ups (what many might appropriately call neuroses) that block my ability to let flow my thoughts and ideas onto paper (or screen). And I am aware that “it”—the barrier—isn’t some external entity. It is me. Which makes it seem all the more frustrating and paralyzing. My typical writing “process” is one that begins with an extended period of apparent inactivity frequently misperceived as procrastination or avoidance. (In actuality, it is consumed by not-so-effective activity: preoccupation and obsession.) This period is then followed by a relative moment of frenzy, often dominated by anxiety and fear as a deadline looms overhead. The cumulative alarm manages transiently to push aside my neuroses enough to allow me to ride the rollercoaster of panic over the hump of my energy barrier, all the while feeling that control could be lost at any moment and that I might careen off the track and plummet towards failure. Once the written piece has been submitted and the deadline has passed, I am left exhausted, but also uncomfortable. I am proud of the piece I created and enjoy a sense of accomplishment, but am embarrassed by the road I travelled to get there. The production of this piece has not been an exception to my rule. To highlight a quote from Dorothy Parker that is featured by Andrés Martin, MD, MPH, in a JAACAP Connect article encouraging authorship and publication, “I hate writing, I love having written.”1
Conceptualizing Gender Identity and Gender Nonconformity
Authors: Balsamo Dalia N.
Published: February 2024

Case: “Shane” is a 16-year-old transgender male (assigned female at birth but identifies as male) who is admitted to the hospital for suicidal ideation. Even though he identifies as male, his electronic records refer to him as female. Staff also keep referring to him as “she” and address him by his birth certificate name (“Shauna”) despite his repeated requests to call him by his preferred name. They also feel that Shane is currently just going through a phase and insist on housing him with another female. Shane’s feelings of depression and isolation worsen as he continues to feel invalidated and misunderstood.
THE CYBERBULLYING OF CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS: Understanding the Scope of the Problem
Authors: Raffalli Peter C.
Published: February 2024

In the six years since we began the Bullying and Cyberbullying Prevention and Advocacy Collaborative (BACPAC) at Boston Children’s Hospital, we have listened to families describe many sad stories of peer victimization happening in the schools of New England. As a child neurologist here at Children’s Hospital, it was my goal to establish a program where children with neurodevelopmental disorders and their families, faced with bullying and cyberbullying, could come to be heard, to learn their rights under federal and state laws, and to learn evidence-based strategies that might help end the abuse from which they and their families were suffering. BACPAC also serves as a resource of information on bullying and cyberbullying to our pediatric colleagues and to the community.
WHAT DO CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRISTS NEED TO KNOW ABOUT IMMIGRANT YOUTHS?
Authors: Li Annie S.
Published: February 2024

Imagine yourself, for a moment, as a child. You are told your prized belongings will need to be packed into one large bag. Tomorrow, you will begin your travels to a new place that is far from home. You are not told when you will return, and you are given little information about what the new place will be like. Today, you will say goodbye to your friends and teachers, have one more meal with your family, and sleep in your own bed for one last night.
CONCUSSION: NOT JUST A BUMP ON THE HEAD Assessment and Management of a Complex Population
Authors: Chellew Courtney , Strauss Alexander S.
Published: February 2024

Case: A 14-year-old girl presents to your office for initial evaluation with complaints of increased anxiety and that her grades have fallen within the past semester. She describes difficulty focusing and concentrating during classes. When you question her further, she reveals that while she was spotting a stunt during cheerleading practice, one of the fliers hit her in the head with her elbow as she caught her. The incident occurred two months ago. After the injury she was slightly confused and did not remember what had occurred, but she did not lose consciousness. She went to the emergency room, had a negative CT scan, and was told to follow up with her pediatrician, which she has not done yet.
CHILDHOOD DYSREGULATION: Diagnostic Considerations and Treatment
Authors: Guth Sarah , Althoff Robert R.
Published: February 2024

It is quite common to see children described as “chronically irritable,” “explosive,” or “dysregulated” in both inpatient and outpatient psychiatric settings. These children are often highly impaired, have difficult to characterize symptoms and multiple diagnoses, and can be especially challenging to treat. The characteristic affective instability led clinicians to conceptualize this presentation as a juvenile form of bipolar disorder.1 In recent years, however, there have been three lines of research that have argued against classification of these children as having bipolar disorder: 1) children with chronic irritability or broad dysregulation rarely grow up to exhibit symptoms supportive of adult bipolar disorder;2-4 2) neurobiological differences are found between chronically irritable youth and those who meet criteria for Bipolar Disorder; 5-6 and 3) pharmacologic agents thought to be effective in bipolar disorder are less effective for symptom management in dysregulated youth.7 Several potential solutions have been proposed to better characterize these children, including the concepts of Severe Mood Dysregulation (SMD)/Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD) and the Child Behavior Checklist–Dysregulation Profile (CBCL-DP). Here, we delineate similarities and differences among SMD, DMDD, and CBCL-DP and describe how they came to be defined. We then describe what is currently known about prevalence, longitudinal course, and treatment. Finally, we explore the relationship between DMDD and CBCL-DP with an eye towards issues of comorbidity and how diagnosis affects treatment.
INCREASING EDUCATION IN AN EFFORT TO PREVENT CHILDHOOD MALTREATMENT
Authors: Smith Paula Marie , Smith Megan
Published: February 2024

According to the most recent report on child maltreatment data collected by the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS), there were 686,000 child and adolescent victims of abuse in the United States in 2012.1 Approximately 78 percent of these individuals were neglected, 18 percent physically abused, 9 percent sexually abused, and 8.5 percent psychologically abused. These statistics are astounding and likely represent an underestimate of the true incidence of maltreatment. The data come from state child protection service (CPS) agencies, and it is unlikely that every case of abuse and neglect is reported. While this public health crisis is being partially addressed by improvements in early detection and treatment, there is much to be gained in the long run by focusing on prevention efforts before abuse ever occurs. This will require a concerted effort that includes teaching families how to decrease risk and increase protective factors for their children, as well as strengthening community resources that are in place to support these families.
FOOD AND YOUR MOOD: The Role of Nutrition in Four Psychiatric Illnesses
Authors: Baker Katherine , Weekly Sara
Published: February 2024

Psychiatric disorders are complex in etiology and prognosis, and most are thought to be a result of both genetics and environmental factors. As researchers delve deeper into uncovering causes and improving treatments for patients, the long-overlooked role of nutrition is entering the spotlight as a contributing factor in both cause and course of many mental illnesses.
STRATEGIES TO ADDRESS THE METABOLIC SIDE EFFECTS OF SECOND-GENERATION ANTIPSYCHOTICS IN YOUTH
Authors: Schreiber Justin , Flint Amanda
Published: February 2024

A 13-year-old male presents with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder and severe aggression after multiple unsuccessful trials of behavioral interventions. He has a personal history of obesity and a family history of dyslipidemia and early cardiac death in his paternal grandfather. His parents are interested in medication management with a secondgeneration antipsychotic (SGA). However, they are concerned about the side effects.
The Anxiolytic Potential of Citrus Aurantium Essential Oil: A focused critical review
Authors: Bisson Gabriela Silva , Silva Francisco Rafael Oliveira da , Girão Deysen Kerlla Fernandes Bezerra
Published: February 2024

Anxiety disorders rank among the most common mental health issues globally, prompting extensive research into both traditional and alternative treatments. In this context, Citrus aurantium essential oil (bitter orange) has attracted scientific interest due to its anxiolytic properties. This essential oil's pharmacological effects are attributed to its active components, which interact with key neurotransmitter systems, including the serotoninergic and GABAergic, to exert anxiolytic, antidepressant, and sedative effects. Recent studies have explored these properties in various models, demonstrating Citrus aurantium's ability to alleviate anxiety-like behaviors in animal models and manage preoperative anxiety in humans. Despite promising preliminary findings, research on Citrus aurantium essential oil's efficacy and safety in anxiety treatment presents considerable variability in study design, methodologies, and outcomes. This review aims to synthesize current evidence on the anxiolytic effects of Citrus aurantium essential oil, highlighting its potential therapeutic applications and the need for further research to clarify its efficacy and safety in clinical settings. By critically evaluating existing literature, this paper contributes to a deeper understanding of Citrus aurantium essential oil as a potential non-pharmacological intervention for anxiety disorders, underscoring the importance of continued investigation in this promising area of complementary and alternative medicine.
The Basic Principles of Biomedical and Medical Science Study Designs
Authors: Ogbonna Ogbuabor Alphonsus
Published: February 2024

No Abstract
Morphology and ultrastructure of external sense organs of Drosophila larvae
Authors: Richter Vincent , Rist Anna , Kislinger Georg , Laumann Michael , Schoofs Andreas , Miroschnikow Anton , Pankratz Michael , Cardona Albert , Thum Andreas S.
Published: February 2024

Sensory perception is the ability through which an organism is able to process sensory stimuli from the environment. This stimulus is transmitted from the peripheral sensory organs to the central nervous system, where it is interpreted.
Drosophila melanogaster
larvae possess peripheral sense organs on their head, thoracic, and abdominal segments. These are specialized to receive diverse environmental information, such as olfactory, gustatory, temperature or mechanosensory signals. In this work, we complete the description of the morphology of external larval sensilla and provide a comprehensive map of the ultrastructure of the different types of sensilla that comprise them. This was achieved by 3D electron microscopic analysis of partial and whole body volumes, which contain high-resolution and complete three-dimensional data of the anatomy of the sensilla and adjacent ganglia.Our analysis revealed three main types of sensilla on thoracic and abdominal segments: the papilla sensillum, the hair sensillum and the knob sensillum. They occur solitary or organized in compound sensilla such as the thoracic keilin’s organ or the terminal sensory cones. We present a spatial map defining these sensilla by their position on thoracic and abdominal segments. Further, we identify and name the sensilla at the larval head and the last fused abdominal segments. We show that mechanosensation dominates in the larval peripheral nervous system, as most sensilla have corresponding structural properties. The result of this work, the construction of a complete structural and neuronal map of the external larval sensilla, provides the basis for following molecular and functional studies to understand which sensory strategies the
Drosophila
larva employs to orient itself in its natural environment.
Repurposing the mammalian RNA-binding protein Musashi-1 as an allosteric translation repressor in bacteria
Authors: Dolcemascolo Roswitha , Heras-Hernández María , Goiriz Lucas , Montagud-Martínez Roser , Requena-Menéndez Alejandro , Ruiz Raúl , Pérez-Ràfols Anna , Higuera-Rodríguez R Anahí , Pérez-Ropero Guillermo , Vranken Wim F , Martelli Tommaso , Kaiser Wolfgang , Buijs Jos , Rodrigo Guillermo
Published: February 2024

The RNA recognition motif (RRM) is the most common RNA-binding protein domain identified in nature. However, RRM-containing proteins are only prevalent in eukaryotic phyla, in which they play central regulatory roles. Here, we engineered an orthogonal post-transcriptional control system of gene expression in the bacterium Escherichia coli with the mammalian RNA-binding protein Musashi-1, which is a stem cell marker with neurodevelopmental role that contains two canonical RRMs. In the circuit, Musashi-1 is regulated transcriptionally and works as an allosteric translation repressor thanks to a specific interaction with the N-terminal coding region of a messenger RNA and its structural plasticity to respond to fatty acids. We fully characterized the genetic system at the population and single-cell levels showing a significant fold change in reporter expression, and the underlying molecular mechanism by assessing the in vitro binding kinetics and in vivo functionality of a series of RNA mutants. The dynamic response of the system was well recapitulated by a bottom-up mathematical model. Moreover, we applied the post-transcriptional mechanism engineered with Musashi-1 to specifically regulate a gene within an operon, implement combinatorial regulation, and reduce protein expression noise. This work illustrates how RRM-based regulation can be adapted to simple organisms, thereby adding a new regulatory layer in prokaryotes for translation control.
Determining dense velocity fields for fluid images based on affine motion
Authors: Zhang Zili , Li Yan , Xiang Kaiquan , Wang Jinghong
Published: February 2024

In this article, we address the problem of estimating fluid flows between two adjacent images containing fluid and non-fluid objects. Typically, traditional optical flow estimation methods lack accuracy, because of the highly deformable nature of fluid, the lack of definitive features, and the motion differences between fluid and non-fluid objects. Our approach captures fluid motions using an affine motion model for each small patch of an image. To obtain robust patch matches, we propose a best-buddies similarity-based method to address the lack of definitive features but many similar features in fluid phenomena. A dense set of affine motion models was then obtained by performing nearest-neighbor interpolation. Finally, dense fluid flow was recovered by applying the affine transformation to each patch and was improved by minimizing a variational energy function. Our method was validated using different types of fluid images. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves the best performance.
Developing financial and entrepreneurship skills in the Ouro Verde community, Manaus: an experience report from extension practice with students from La Salle Faculty
Authors: Pinheiro Elton Vieira , Rocha Naede Lima de Souza , Costa Neto Adelino , Florentino Gelson Dias , Durães Maria de Fatima Brito
Published: February 2024

Financial education has great relevance for individual growth, because, like other subjects taught at school, financial education disciplines people to make assertive decisions about their money, thus enabling a future and present strategic vision. Given the context presented, the general objective of the research is to carry out an experience report on extension practice with students from La Salle College related to developing financial and entrepreneurship skills in the Ouro Verde community, Manaus. Project that raised the families’ cash flow balance. In-person expository classes, applying interactive learning methods. Where participants obtained material available via PDF so that participants could have access to the theoretical framework. It should be noted that the students were organized into six groups that dealt with: (group 1) financial well-being; (group 2) organization and planning; (group 3) credit and debt; (group 4) future and succession planning and asset and family protection; (group 5) and entrepreneurship. This extension practice presented students with a great opportunity to put into practice the concepts taught at college. So it was very noticeable that they had a much greater sense of the content taught in the classroom, and seen in other subjects, in addition to the personal experiences they already had, and basically began to understand this content more, when they started to apply and teach it. through the workshop.