bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kurumsal İzomorfizm Kapsamında Havacılık Sektörüne Ara İnsan Kaynağı Yetiştiren Meslek Yüksekokullarının Misyon Cümlelerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: BUCAK ALTIN Başak
Published: February 2022

Misyon cümlesi bir işletmenin var oluş sebebini açıklamaktadır. Günümüzde pek çok işletme kurumsal internet sayfasında misyon cümlesini paylaşmaktadır. Misyon, işletmeleri birbirinden ayırt eden bir kavram gibi gözükse de aynı örgütsel alanda faaliyet gösteren işletmelerin birbirine izomorf/eşbiçimli hale gelmeleri nedeniyle misyon ifadelerinin de birbirine benzemesi söz konusu olmaktadır. Ülkemizde Sivil Havacılık Kurumları ve Yükseköğretim Kurumları kendi bünyelerinde güçlü kural koyucu örgütlerle şekillenmekte ve kendi içlerinde birbirine benzer hale gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada Pearce ve David’in ortaya koyduğu misyon cümlelerinde olması düşünülen 9 bileşen kapsamında, bünyesinde sivil havacılıkla ilgili en az bir ön lisans programı bulunan Meslek Yüksekokullarının misyon cümleleri, resmi internet sayfalarından temin edilerek içerik analizi ile incelenmiş ve kurumsal izomorfizm kapsamında değerlendirilmiştir. Bunu yapabilmek için önce yoğun bir literatür taraması yapılarak, misyon cümlelerine ilişkin daha önceden yapılan araştırmalara değinilmiştir. Bu çalışmayı, benzer diğer çalışmalardan ayıran özellik, Pearce ve David’in ortaya koyduğu 9 bileşenin ilk defa bir Yükseköğretim kurumunda uygulanmış olması ve daha önce üniversitelerin misyon cümleleri birçok kez incelenmiş iken Meslek Yüksekokullarına ait bir misyon cümlesi incelemesinin ilk defa ele alınmasıdır. Araştırmaya konu olan Meslek Yüksekokullarından hiçbiri aynı anda misyon ifadelerinin 9 bileşenini kullanmamaktadır ancak Meslek Yüksekokullarının % 81’nin, 5 ve üzerinde misyon bileşenini kullandığı yorumu yapılabilmektedir. Bu 9 bileşenden sırasıyla en çok kullanılanlar, ürün/hizmet, benlik kavramı ve müşteriler iken en az kullanılanı çalışan bileşeni olarak bulunmuştur.
Pengaruh Model VAK (Visual, Auditory, Kinestethic) terhadap Hasil Belajar IPA Siswa Kelas IV SDN 07 Manggelewa Tahun Pelajaran 2021/2022
Authors: Nurjanah Nurjanah , Sari Fifi Fitriana , Supriyaddin Supriyaddin
Published: February 2022

VAK merupakan suatu model pembelajaran yang menganggap pembelajaran akan efektif dengan memperhatikan ketiga hal tersebut (Viusal, Auditory, Kinestethic), dan dapat diartikan bahwa pembelajaran dilaksanakan dengan memanfaatkan potensi siswa yang telah dimilikinya dengan melatih dan mengembangkannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan model pembelajaran (VAK) visual, auditory, kinestethic terhadap hasil belajar. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas IV yang berjumlah 54 siswa terdiri dari 27 siswa kelas IV A sebagai kelas eksperimen dan 27 siswa kelas IV B sebagai kelas kontrol siswa kelas IV SDN 07 Manggelewa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen. Alat pengumpul data berupa soal tes kognitif pretest dan posttest yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitas dengan bantuan program SPSS ver.21. Data yang diperoleh kemudian diuji persyaratan  analisis data dengan uji normalitas posttest kelas eksperimen diperoleh taraf signifikansi yaitu sebesar 0,041>0,05, Begitu pula dengan hasil posttest kelas kontrol diperoleh taraf signifikansi yaitu sebesar 0,027>0,05. Dengan demikian, data tersebut berdistribusi normal. Sedangkan uji homogenitas hasil  posttest kelas  kontrol dan  kelas eksperimen diperoleh signifikansi 0,630>0,05 sehingga varian data yang dimiliki oleh kedua kelas adalah homogen. Dan uji hipotesis diuji dengan analisis uji t menggunakan independent sampel t-test dengan membandingkan thitung dan ttabel sehingga diperoleh signifikansi thitung sebesar 4,488 lebih besar dari ttabel sebesar 1,674 pada taraf kesalahan 5% atau 0,05 sehingga hipotesis diterima. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dengan nilai rata-rata posttest kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelas kontrol yaitu thitung lebih besar dari ttabel sebesar (4,488>1,674). Hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa Ada pengaruh model VAK (visual, auditory, kinestethic) terhadap hasil belajar IPA siswa kelas IV SDN 07 Manggelewa tahun pelajaran 2021/2022.
Demographic Characteristics and Risk Factors of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Islamabad
Authors: Bandeshah Akhtar Ali , Aamir Niaz Mohammad , Umar Mohammad , Iqbal Javed , Mehmood Ather
Published: February 2022

Objective: To determine the demographic characteristics and risk factors of coronary artery disease in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at cardiology department of a tertiary care hospital in Islamabad. Materials and methods: This descriptive cases series study was done at cardiology department of Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS) Islamabad, during nine months of period from January to September 2021. All the patients having coronary artery disease based on clinical history and diagnosis including electrocardiogram (ECG), biochemical markers, or non-invasive tests like, echocardiography, exercise tolerance test (ETT), Thallium stress test and selected for PCI and of either gender were included. Pre PCI LVEF was assessed. All the patients underwent detailed medical history and routine laboratory investigation to assess the demographic information, risk factors of coronary artery diseases and indication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). All the data was collected via self-made study proforma. Data was entered and analyzed by SPSS version 26. Results: A total of 724 patients with coronary artery disease and underwent (PCI) were studied, their average age was 55.72+10.04 years and average BMI was 25.70+3.14 kg/m2. Males were in majority 76.8%. Out of all 63.4% cases were hypertensive, 29.0% were diabetics, 41.4% having family history of CVD, 30.9% had a history of daily used of tobacco as shown in table.1 Pre PCI EF <30% was in most of the cases 59.9% and elective PCI status was 86.2%. As per anginal classification the class II and III were most common 60.1% and 27.2% respectively. Most of the cases 87.2% having intermediate PCI risk sore. Conclusion: As per study conclusion hypertension, diabetes, smoking and family history were observed to the risk factors for CAD and intermediate PCI risk score was most frequent. Demographically age more than 45 years and males were commonest. Keyword: CAD, Risk score, PCI, age, gender
Progression of Venous Disease is Associated with Biomechanical and Morphological Changes in the Calf Muscle Pump
Authors: Barzegar Ali , Karimi Noureddin , Rahnama Leila , Bhutto Mazhar Ali , Ahrar Yazdi Mohammadhossen , Sadeghi Abdulrahim
Published: February 2022

Background: Chronic venous disease (CVD) is a common progressive disorder. Calf muscle incompetence due to muscle weakness and ankle movement abnormalities is an important factor in CVD, but the biomechanical and morphological characteristics of the calf muscle remain unknown Aim:To evaluate the biomechanical and morphological characteristics of the calf muscle in subjects with CVD and healthy controls. Place and duration of study: Study was conducted at University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran, for the duration of six months, from January, 2021 to June, 2021. Materials and methods:In this case-control study, sixty patients with CVD in three equal groups (mild: C1 – C2, moderate: C3 – C4, severe: C5 – C6) and 20 healthy subjects in a control group participated. The shear wave elastography (SWE) and thickness of medial gastrocnemius muscle (GM) were measured using an ultrasonography. Results: The results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant differences in SWE and thickness values between groups for medial GM (P<0.05). There was a statistically significant decrease in thickness and a significant increase in SWE in patients with CVD. A positive and negative correlation was discovered between disease grades and the medial GM SWE and thickness in patients with CVD, respectively. Conclusion:A change in the SWE and thickness of the calf muscle compared to the control group indicates a biomechanical and morphological change in the calf muscle pump. The SWE and thickness values of the calf muscle may be valuable information in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with CVD. Keywords: Calf muscle pump; Chronic venous disease; Thickness; Ultrasonography; Stiffness
Violence against Dental Surgeons: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Shakeel Sadia , Ali Muhammad , Mustajtab Mishaal , Aslam Mohammad Annas , Javed Danish , Zafar Sana , Fahim Ayesha
Published: February 2022

Background: Violence and aggression against physicians has been reported commonly in Pakistan but there is still dearth of documented literature available on this global dilemma. Methodology: A pre-validated, online questionnaire was formed on ‘google forms’ and distributed among 640 dentists of average age 30 years. This questionnaire consisted of demographic data, multiple basic questions about workplace abuse and violence that dentists have felt or experienced during their duty hours and work set ups. It also included the experience of violence against dentists by offenders and their experience regarding institutional and hospital support provided in these situations. Results: A total of 524 dental surgeons participates in the research. It was discovered that most (85%) of the dental surgeons have faced some sort of abusive events in the past one year. Similarly, 62% of the study population had suffered moderate events whereas, approximately 38% had faced severe violent incidents. Dentists mostly face verbal abuse, followed by emotional, physical and sexual. The abuser is mostly the patient or his / her relative. Conclusion: Violence or abuse is considerably common in the field of dentistry and dentists have negative perception about institutional support regarding this matter. Keywords: Public health; Awareness; Dentistry; Human rights; Violence
Evaluation of Antidiabetic Effect of Silybum marianum and Cichorium intybus extracts
Authors: Arshad Asma , Pervaiz Saima , Errum Anila , Mahmood Amina , Asghar Hira , Maqsood Sadia , Shamim Saba
Published: February 2022

Enormous efforts have recognized the importance of analyzing plant extracts for possible medical applications. In this context, Kasni (C. intybus) and Milk thistle (S. marianum), cultivated in Asia, were used to determine diabetes mellitus control. Ethanol extracts of both plants were used after induction of diabetes mellitus in rabbits (with STZ). Blood glucose was measured by the glucose oxidase method. After treatment of the injured pancreas for 60 days, Kasni and Milk thistle showed a decrease in the elevated levels of blood sugar. The coalesce effect of both plants is more than the individual plants whereas Milk thistle has demonstrated a better control than Kasni. To conclude, C. intybus and S. marianum play a positive role in controlling diabetes.
Correlation of Serum Sodium Level with Severity of Hepatic Encephalopathy
Authors: Sardar Jahan , Asim Muhammad , Nadeem Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Ilyas , Qamash Tahira , Farooq Ghulam
Published: February 2022

Introduction: One of the most serious complications of liver failure is the development of the condition known as hepatic encephalopathy (HE), which affects the personality, cognitive and motor functions of patients. The sodium level in serum in hepatic encephalopathy has been studied and has been found lower than the normal individual. Objective: To find out the frequency of hyponatremia in patients with hepatic enchapalopathy Methodology: This Descriptive Cross-Sectional study was conducted at the Department of Medicine, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar from October 2020 to April 2021. In this study a total of 170 patients were observed to find out the frequency of hyponatremia in patients with hepatic enchapalopathy. Results: Based on grades of hyponatremia among 170 patients, Mild (130-134 mmol/L) was observed in 101(59.4%), Moderate: 125-129 mmol/L in 50(29.4%) and profound: < 125 mmol/L was observed in 19(11.2%) subjects. Hepatic encephalopathy was found in 91(53.5%) subjects while not found in 79(46.5 %) subjects. Conclusion: Chronic liver disease is linked to abnormal serum sodium concentrations, according to our findings. The most prevalent anomaly in this research is hyponatremia. In comparison to individuals with blood sodium levels of greater than 136mEq/L, patients with serum sodium levels of less than 135mEq/L had a higher prevalence of encephalopathy. Patients with a serum sodium content less than 130 mEq/L are the most severely affected. Key words: Hyponatremia; Hepatic enchapalopathy; Serum sodium level
Frequency of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Young Females Presenting with Multiple Joints Pain Using Acr Diagnostic Criteria
Authors: Khan Khalil Saifullah , Kamran Aamir , Ul Hassan Zaidi Syed Zahoor , Qasim Khan Syed Muhammad , Parveen Rashida , Akbar Afzaal
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease causing morbidity and mortality in all population worldwide. It is present in 1 to 2 % in world's population Objective: To determine the frequency of RA in young females presenting with multiple joints pain using ACR Diagnostic Criteria for RA. Methodology: This study was Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study done at the Department of Medicine, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar for duration of six months from February 2021 to August 2021. In this study a total of 156 patients were observed to assess the frequency of rheumatoid arthritis in young females with multiple joints pain using ACR Diagnostic Criteria. Results: Serology of RF and ACPA among 156 patients was positive in 93(59.6%) patients and Negative in 63(40.4). Acute phase reactants CRP and ESR among 156 patients were abnormal in 91(58.3%) and Normal in 65(41.7%) patients Conclusion: Our study concludes that in young females with multiple joints pain, the frequency of rheumatoid arthritis was high by using ACR diagnostic criteria. Young females are prone to develop rheumatoid arthritis but remain undiagnosed and this may lead to adverse outcome and failure in prognosis and treatment. If it is diagnosed in early stage it may add to good health outcome and quality of life. Key words: Rheumatoid arthritis; multiple joints pain, ACR Diagnostic Criteria
Transcranial Doppler in Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Khan Muhammad , Ghilzai Sajida , Waheed Abdul , Rasan Allah , Ullah Nasr , Rahim Farzana
Published: February 2022

Aim: To assess the role of transcranial Doppler in patients with severe traumatic brain injury Study design: A cross-sectional study Place and duration: This study was conducted at Mekran Medical college Turbat Pakistan. Methodology: Transcranial Doppler (TCD) was performed on 255 patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) who had a Glasgow Coma Scale of 8 or less on admission. All the patients were on a ventilator. TCD was performed on the first, second, third, and seventh days of the hospital stay. Two out of three of the following were used to define hypoperfusion: 1. A mean velocity of less than 35 cm/sec in the middle cerebral artery 2. The diastolic velocity of the middle cerebral artery is seen to be lesser than 20 cm/sec and 3. A pulsatility index of more than 1.4 was recorded. The following criteria were used to identify vasospasm: mean velocity of the middle cerebral artery more than 120 cm/sec and Landegaarde index greater than 3. The Lindegaard index is the ratio of middle cerebral artery blood flow to internal carotid artery blood flow. Results: The results showed that 141 people (45 percent) had normal readings. Out of the 141 patients, 55 were admitted to a long-term care facility, 43 patients were discharged. Ten of the patients were unconscious or vegetative, and their relatives pleaded for their loved ones to be removed from them. Four people died as a result of brain death, while two others died as a result of injuries. Seventy-two patients (28%) had hypoperfusion, and 71 died, 65 through brain death, 6 from stopping care, and one with mild disability. Vasospasm was present in 69 individuals (27%). Conclusion: Patients with normal measures should have a good chance of survival. Hypoperfusion patients had a bad prognosis. The use of nimodipine in patients with vasospasm should be examined, but further research is needed to determine its safety and effectiveness. TCD is helping to assess early prognosis. Keywords: Prognosis, Transcranial Doppler, traumatic brain injury, hypoperfusion, vasospasm
A Descriptive Study on the Frequency of Generalized Seizures in Patients Presenting with Acute Stroke
Authors: Usama Muhammad , Mushtaq Khawar , Javed Tamleel , Husnain Rizwan Ul
Published: February 2022

Objective: The objective of this research work was to evaluate the rate of occurrence of generalized seizures among the patients suffering from ischemic stroke of acute nature. Methodology: This research study was carried out at Neurology Department, Sheikh Zayed Hospital Rahim Yar Khan. We included total one hundred patients who were suffering from acute ischemic stroke. The follow up period for the patients was fifteen days to evaluate the seizures after stroke. Results: The average age of the patients was 57.37±11.18 years. The rate of occurrence of generalized seizures among these patients of acute ischemic stroke was 10.0%. Conclusion: The appearance of generalized seizures among these patients was not much high. Keywords: Seizures, stroke, occurrence, frequency, methodology, neurology, generalized.
Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern in Blood Culture Positive Typhoid Fever
Authors: Ahmad Farhana , . Ibrahim , Shahid Ghaffar Muhammad , Bashir Adnan , Shamim Sajid , Mahmood Tahir
Published: February 2022

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the antibiotic sensitivity pattern in blood culture positive typhoid fever. Study Design:Retrospective study Place and Duration:Children Medical Center (CMC) / Dr Habib un Nabi Children Hospital Mingora Swat and Pediatrics department of Hamdard University Hospital, Karachi for the duration between June 2020 and December 2020. Methods: There were total one hundred and twenty patients of both genders were presented. Patients were aged between 5-15 years of age. Patients detailed demographics age, sex and body mass index were recorded after taking informed written consent. All the patients had fever. Blood sample of all the patients were taken for salmonella species. The Kirby Bauer Disc Diffusion method was used to test for antibiotic susceptibility, and the results were interpreted in accordance with National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) guidelines. SPSS 20.0 version was used to analyze complete data. Results:There were 84 (70%) males and 36 (30%) females. Mean age of the patients was 11.5±3.48 years. Among 120 cases of salmonella, 89 (74.2%) were Salmonellatyphi and Salmonella paratyphi was found in 31 (25.8%) patients. Sensitivity of antibiotics chloramphericol, cotrimoxazole, and azithromycin was 100% greater than that of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. (6.7%, vs 5.8%) But resistance of both antibiotics was high. Nalidixic Acid showed 108 (90%) resistance to salmonella typhi. Conclusion: We observed a very high degree of diversity in the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern, with extremely high levels of sensitivity to antibiotics that have been utilized in the past, such as chloramphenicol and cotrimoxazole. It was discovered that the quinolones, which were widely utilized in the last two decades, have a very poor sensitivity. Keywords:Typhoid fever, Sensitivity, Antibiotics, Resistance
Association Between Intra Uterine Fetal Demise (IUFD)/ Still Birth (SB) and Factors Associated with it in Patients Visiting at Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Anwer Sohani , Aziz Sumaiya , Shaikh Hiba Arshad , Shamaun Shamaila
Published: February 2022

Objective: To determine the association between Intra Uterine Fetal Demise (IUFD)/ Still Birth (SB) and factors associated with it in patients visiting at tertiary care hospital in Karachi. Study Design: Observational Case Control Study Place and Duration: This study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Aga Khan University Hospital (AKU), Karachi, Pakistan. Duration was six months from September 26, 2018 to March 25, 2019. Materials and Methods: All patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Women with (Intra Uterine Fetal Demise/ Still Birth) were enrolled as cases and women with live Birth were enrolled as control group. Informed consent was taken after explaining the procedure, risks and benefits of the study. Associated factors such as pre-eclampsia, fetal growth restriction, gestational diabetes mellitus, obstetric cholestasis, antepartum hemorrhage, were taken from the antenatal record to assess the association with IUFD. All the collected data were entered into the proforma attached at the end and used electronically for research purpose. Results: Mean±SD of age in case was 26.65±3.98 with C.I (25.78----27.51) and in control was 27.60±3.90 with C.I (26.75----28.44) years. In group wise distribution of gender of fetus 42 (50.0%) boys and 42 (50.0%) girls were enrolled in case and 34 (40.47%) boys and 50 (59.53%) girls were included in control group. Rate of growth restriction was 2 times more likely in cases as compare to control with [OR 2.00] while the rate of antepartum hemorrhage was 1.2 times more likely in cases as compare to control with [OR 1.205] and P value found to be non-significant i.e.(P=0.223 and 0.575) in growth restriction and antepartum hemorrhage respectively. Conclusion: It is to be concluded that, the incidence of intrauterine fetal deaths in our population is higher than that reported from developed countries. This is associated with preeclampsia, obstetric cholestasis, diabetes mellitus pregnancy-induced hypertension, illiteracy and low socioeconomic status. Keywords: Still Birth, Parity,Intra Uterine Fetal Demise
Comparative Study of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Versus Dynamic Contrast Enhanced-MRI in Diagnosis of Breast Tumors
Authors: Mughal Hina Hanif , Abbasi Hina Hafeez , Batool Fizza
Published: February 2022

Background and Aim: Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging plays a significant role in the identification and characterization of breast tumors whereas Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) differentiates the benign lesions from malignant lesions. The present study aims to assess the diagnostic accuracy of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging in the diagnosis of breast tumors. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 92 suspicious breast tumors patients underwent Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in the department of Radiology of Holy Family Hospital and Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi from November 2020 to August 2021.DCE-MRI with DWI combination was subjected to morphologic and kinetic analyses. These findings were compared with standard histopathological findings.DWI values were used to calculate apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC). We compared the ADCs of benign and malignant lesions. Morphologic kinetic features and ADCs were evaluated together for the combined MRI protocol. DCEMRI, DWI, and combined MRI diagnostic values were computed. SPSS version 23 was used for statistical analysis. Results:Out of 92 suspicious breast tumors, patients who underwent MRI, benign and malignant were 34 (37%) and 58 (63%) respectively. The overall mean age was 32.56±8.62 years with an age range of 20 to 70 years. Needle biopsy with percutaneous core was confirmed in all cases (BI-RADS≥3). The common malignant lesions were in upper outer quadrant 22 (37.9%), upper inner quadrant 11 (19%), lower outer quadrant 10 (17.2%), and lower inner quadrant 11 (19%). About 4 (6.9%) had malignant lesions in the retro areolar region. Based on quantitative diffusion coefficient measurement sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive value 94%, 81%, 89%, and 92% respectively for differentiating malignant tumors from benign. The sensitivity and specificity of DCE-MRI were 94% and 76% respectively. The combined sensitivity and specificity of DCE-MRI and DWI were 96% and 84% which was more significant than DCE-MRI and DWI alone. Conclusion: Our study found that benign or malignant breast lesions can be identified and characterized with high sensitive multi-parametric MRI of breast. DWI and breast DCE-MRI both has comparable sensitivity. However, ascompared to DWI and DCE-MRI alone, the breast MRI had higher sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing malignant breast lesions from benign lesions. Keywords: MRI breast, Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced (DCE)-MRI, Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI)
Dexamethasone in Preventing Post Dural Puncture Headache
Authors: Khizer Saad , Zafar Madiha , Balouch Varda , Iqbal Mubashar , Kaleem Rooshaan , Chaudhry Shahidadalat
Published: February 2022

Background and Aim: Post-dural puncture headache is major complication of spinal anesthesia that occurs in 40% of cases. Invasive treatment like an epidural blood patch might be required for post-dural puncture headache. The Dexamethasone effect on Post-Dural Puncture Headache following spinal anesthesia is not addressed and well understood. The aim of the present study was to assess the role of Dexamethasone in post-dural puncture headaches. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 456 patients who underwent spinal anesthesia from 16th April 2021 to 15th October 2021 at the department of Anesthesiology of Pakistan Ordnance Factories (POF)Hospital,WahCantt, Mayo Hospital, Lahore andMohi-ud-Din Teaching Hospital, Mirpur AJK. All the patients who underwent spinal anesthesia were enrolled whereas patients with previous headache disorder and contraindicated for steroids were excluded. Patients were allocated to two groups; Group A (Placebo) and Group B (Dexamethasone). Placebo group patients were injected with normal saline (2 mL) and other group patients with dexamethasone prophylactic epidural injection (2 mL, 8 mg). The incidence and severity of post-dural puncture headache and backache at the puncture site were evaluated on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th postoperative days. SPSS version 24 was used for data descriptive analysis. Results: A total of 456 patients underwent spinal anesthesia in which 228 patients over age of 20 years were assigned to each group. The prevalence of post-dural puncture headache was found lower in dexamethasone group patients 14 (6.2%) compared to normal saline 26 (11.6%) on the post-operative first day (p<0.05). However, on days 3 and 7, the difference disappeared. The overall prevalence of post-dural puncture headache was 21 (9.4%) in the dexamethasone group and 11 (4.7%) in the placebo group, which is statistically insignificant (p-value=0.132). There was no statistical significance in terms of headache severity (2.7% in the study group versus 7% controls group; p-value =0.128). The incidence of symptoms like vomiting or nausea occurred in a lower number of dexamethasone group patients compared to placebo. The prevalence of backache between the two groups was found insignificant. Conclusion: Our study found that the prevalence of post-dural puncture headache was lower in dexamethasone group patients but improved with increasing post-operative days and extended to the placebo group. Our findings contradict the earlier studies in regard to dexamethasone's effectiveness in post-dural puncture headache treatment. Based on our findings, dexamethasone cannot be recommended for post-dural puncture headaches. Keywords: Post-Dural puncture headache; Dexamethasone; Spinal Anesthesia
High School Children’s Understanding and views of Drug Consumption and Abuse: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Bux Khuda , Ahmed Mushtaque , Haque Mansoor Ul , Raza Aliya , Hassan Batool , Asghar Naeema
Published: February 2022

Aim: To determine the degree of understanding and judgment of drug misuse amongst high school students. Study design: A cross-sectional study Place and Duration: This study was conducted in schools of Hyderabad Pakistan from June 2021 to August 2021. Methodology: A survey and a self-structured discussion were used to gather information from 290 high school students about their understanding and perceptions of drug misuse. Empirical inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: The frequency of drug addiction among questioned students was 14.5 percent, with males more than females. Exploratory curiosity, according to 35% of students, is the greatest prominent reason for substance addiction. 42.8 percent of students learned about it online, and the majority of them are conscious of the negative consequences of drug misuse. Conclusion: According to the findings, peer influence and quick access to drugs in society are major significant factors in drug usage, with exploratory curiosity being the greatest prominent cause. A preventive plan should be implemented to eliminate this heinous act from our society. Keywords: Schools, Children, drug abuse
Prevelance of Cervical Pain in Make-up Artist and Hair Dressers of Lahore
Authors: Zafar Amirah , Niaz Mehwish , Akhtar Saad Kamal , Sadiq Umar , Rasheed Shakeela
Published: February 2022

Background: The overall incidence of cervical pain in makeup artists is well known. In our study we attempted to work on the prevalence of cervical pain among make-up artist and hair dressers due to prolong consecutive working hours and awkward body posture. Purpose: The sole purpose of this research was to find the prevalence of cervical pain among make-up artist and hair dressers while performing their make-up and hair cutting for consecutive long working hours. Method.It was a cross-sectional study design. 150 participants were taken and it includes makeup artists, hair dressers.Non-probability Convenient Sampling technique was used and the main target population age lies between 25-40 years.The inclusion criteria were25-40 years age,both genders are included, more than 8-9 consecutive working hours in salon, static posture for long period of time and use of Dominant hand. The Exclusion criteria wastraumatic injury to cervical, Fracture, Tumors,Cervical spondylosis, Recent surgery,Cervical rib, working hours less than inclusion criteria. Results: Out of 150 workers 37.33% of workers were suffering from mild cervical pain, 22% of workers had moderate pain and 0.67% of workers were suffering from very severe pain. In 40% of individuals sleep was occasionally disturbed and 38.6% of workers reported of experiencing numbness in arms. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that make-up artist and hairdressers have cervical pain and numbness in arms due to prolong working hours which ultimately affect their ergonomics and posture of neck and body. These consecutive long working hours and use of dominant hand cause strain in cervical muscles which alsolimit the neck movements. Keywords: Cervical pain, Incidence, Ergonomics, Mechanics, Salon workers, Prevalence.
Compare Outcomes of Primary Repair and Ileostomy in Patients Presented with Typhoid Perforation
Authors: Cheema Khadijah Ahmad , Qureshi Mumtaz Ahmed , Burki Sadiaasmat , Khan Jehangir , Zada Farin , Hussain Abid
Published: February 2022

Objective:The aim of this study is to compare the outcomes between primary repair and ileostomy inpaediatric patients presented with typhoid perforation. Study Design:Comparative study Place and Duration:The study was conducted at pediatric surgery department of Children Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Lahore andBacha Khan Medical Complex, Swabifor duration of six months from June 2020 to December 2020. Methods: Total 100 patients of both genders were presented in this study. Patients were aged between 3-18 years. Detailed demographics of patients including age, sex and body mass index were recorded after taking informed written consent. Patients who had typhoid perforation were enrolled. Patients were equally divided into two groups. Group I had 50 patients and received primary repair and group II received ileostomy with 50 patients. Post-operative outcomes in terms of complications and mortality were assessed and compared among both groups. Complete data was analyzed by SPSS 26.0 version. Results:There were 72 males (36 in each group) and 28 females (14 in each group) in this study. Mean age of the patients were 11.14±7.44 years in group I and in group II mean age was 10.17±9.68 years. In group I 35 (70%) cases had low socio-economic status while in group II 33 (66%) cases had low socio-economic status. 60 patients were from rural areas (30 in each group). Wound infection was the most common complication 9 (18%) found in group I and 12 (24%) in group II followed by wound dehiscence in group I 5 (10%) and in group II 7 (14%). Mortality rate in group II 8 (16%) was significantly higher as compared to group I 3 (6%). Satisfaction among patients of group I was significantly higher as compared to group II with p value 0.05. Conclusion: We concluded in this study that the primary repair in patients with typhoid perforation was effective and useful as compared to ileostomy in terms of post-operative complications and mortality. Keywords: Mortality, Complications, Typhoid Perforation, Ileostomy, Primary Repair
Frequency of Factors Responsible to Small for Gestational Age Babies in Primigravida
Authors: Baloch Nazish , Ramzan Summiya , Aziz Sumaiya , Naeem Syeda Khalida , Shamaun Shamaila , Agha Sahira
Published: February 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency of factors responsible to small for gestational age infants in primigravid women. Study Design: Cross Sectional Study Setting: This study was carried out in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology of Agha Khan University Hospital, Karachi Duration of Study: This study was conducted from 15th September 2018 to 10th January 2019. Subjects and methods: A total of 127 women with singleton pregnancy and gestational age 28-35 weeks by LMP with 0 Parity were included. Women with history of miscarriage, diabetes and family history of SGA babies were excluded. Ultrasound was done to all women and Small for Gestational age babies (as per operational definition) was recorded. All the women was interviewed regarding smoking and detailed history and examination was done to make clinical assessment and for ordering the proper investigations to establish medical disorder by the researcher herself. Venous blood was collected from all women and was immediately sent to laboratory. Hemoglobin < 10 g/dL was recorded as anemia. Ultrasound examination was done for oligohydroamnios as per operational definition. Patients BMI were calculated. Hypertension was also calculated as per operational definition. Data was recorded for factors. Results: Age range in this study was from 18-40 years with mean age of 27.968± 2.05 years and mean gestational age 31.692±2.40 weeks, mean weight 71.645±12.94 Kg, mean height 1.549±0.10 meters and mean BMI was 29.924±5.12 Kg/m2. Majority of patients were from 18-30 years age group (89.8%). As far as risk factors are concerned smoking was seen in 5.5%, overweight 65.4%, hypertension 13.4%, oligohydramnios 29.1%, anemia 12.6%, preeclampsia 15.7%, hypothyroidism 16.5%, hyperthyroidism 6.3%, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome 13.4% and diabetes mellitus was 8.7%. Conclusion: A variety of risk factors have been discovered for newborns deemed SGA by customized centiles. SGA is associated with a number of lifestyle factors, many of which are controllable, such as food, smoking, and exercise. Future research is needed to verify our findings. Keywords: Small for Gestational Age, Primigravid women, Factors
Prevalence of Diabetic Neuropathy in Diabetic Type II Patients from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Authors: Gul Lihaz , Sharif Nadeem , Mohammad Sajjad , Uddin Badi , Khan Zahid , Rahim Abid
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Diabetic neuropathy is the main cause of neuropathy and major complications of diabetes mellitus throughout the world. This may lead to incapacity and amputations due to severe diabetes. The morbidity and mortality rates increase in diabetes due to severe neuropathy. The present study was aimed to determine the prevalence of diabetic diabetic neuropathy in diabetic mellitys type II affected patients. Materials and Methods: This research took place in Peshawar from September 2019 to January 2020. A total of 205 blood samples were collected from diabetic patients with type II diabetes, both neuropathic (n=105) and non-neuropathic (n=100). Blood samples were taken in order to estimate random blood sugar levels (RBS). Results: The age group 50-55 years had the highest percentage of cases (66.8%), followed by 56-60 years (21.5%), and 61-65 years (5.5%). Female patients were more likely than male patients to have diabetes, both neuropathic (62.9 percent) and non-neuropathic (58 percent). The predominance of neuropathic and non-neuropathic diabetes patients involved in this study because it was undertaken in Peshawar.(50.2 percent). Conclusion: It is concluded that female were more prone to diabetes both with neuropathy and without neuropathy. Keywords: Prevalence, Diabetes, Neuropathy, Diabetic mellitus type II,
Quality of Life (QOL) of postmenopausal women in the Rural Area of Hyderabad District, Pakistan: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Asghar Naeema , Hassan Batool , Raza Aliya , Haque Mansoor Ul , Ahmed Mushtaque , Bux Khuda
Published: February 2022

Aim: To determine and evaluate the factors that affect the quality of life of women going through menopause. Study design: A cross-sectional study Place and Duration: This study was conducted Hyderabad District. Pakistan. from January 2021 to March 2021. Methodology: A total of 110 postmenopausal women were a part of the study from the ages of 45 to 65. The selection of women was done using a convenient sampling method. Consent was taken from the participants before including them in the study. A semi-structured questionnaire with a MENQOL scale with interview method was used for the collection of primary data. The analysis of the data was done using SPSS version 23. Descriptive statistics, SD, percentages, and mean were calculated. Factors at 5% α were determined using the chi-square test. Results: A total of 29% of women got menopause before 40 years of age. A total of 11% of the women were pre-menopausal. Hysterectomy was found in 20% of the women. A total of 33% of women displayed vasomotor symptoms. Physiological symptoms were found in 47% of the women. A total of 15% of women displayed sexual problems and 66% displayed physical symptoms. Conclusion: In order to make menopause easier for women, supportive therapy, choice of lifestyle modification, and family support are needed. In order to accomplish this, intense and detailed health education is required for premenopausal and postmenopausal women as well as the entire community. Keywords: Menopause, women, quality of Life
Prevalence of Hepatitis C in Dialysis Patients in Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar
Authors: Shah Numan , Inam Kiran , Rehman Attiq Ur , Anwar Uzma , Qureshi Sobia , Khan Muhammad Arsalan
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a Flaviviridae-related virus that causes a systemic illness that can be transmitted. HCV is a blood-borne infection that primarily affects the liver. HCV diagnosis that is accurate and timely is critical in significantly reducing the risk of morbidity and mortality. The goal of this study was to find out the Hepatitis C in chronic renal failure patients who are on hemodialysis. Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the Dialysis Unit of the Khyber Teaching Hospital (KTH) Peshawar's Department of Nephrology. From September to December 2017, this study took place over four months. The study included a total of 114 patients, regardless of their age or gender. Hepatitis C was detected in whole blood samples collected from 114 healthy people using an immunochromatography method. The data was analyzed using SPSS v.22. Result: The Immunochromatography technique for HCV was used to analyze 114 blood samples from recruited individuals. Male patients were 52.6% of the total, while female patients made up 47.4%. The study found that 24.56% of male patients were positive, while 28.07% of female patients were positive. Overall, the technique's sensitivity and specificity were 83.1% and 72.7%, respectively. Conclusion: It is concluded that the HCV rapid testing is still sensitive and specific for detecting hepatitis C virus, it should be used in routine clinical settings for early hepatitis C virus diagnosis when advanced diagnostic options are restricted. Keywords: HCV, Hepatitis C virus, Nephrology, Dialysis
Evaluation of Radiological and Clinical Findings of Tlif (Transformational Lumbar Inter-Body Fusion)
Authors: Iqbal Javaid , Yeluri Venkat Ramana , Grady Paul O
Published: February 2022

Objective: The purpose of this research study was to assess radiological as well as clinical outcome of TLIF. Methodology: This is a retrospective research study which covered a time span from May 2018 to June 2021. In this research study, we included the patients who were suffering from chronic pain in their lower back because of degenerative disc disease (DDD), recurring herniation of lumber disc and degenerative spondylolisthesis. We performed a retrospective review of the record files to evaluate the pre-operative as well as post-operative outcomes. We used the fusion and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) on already set standard for the evaluation of the outcomes. Results: Total twenty-five patients diagnosed with DDD in which 64.0% (n: 16) patients were male and 36.0% (n: 9) patients were females. The average age of these patients was 40.90 years. Four patients were present with recurring disc herniation and twelve patients were suffering from degenerative spondylolisthesis. ODI and VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) for pain displayed the noteworthy improvement from pre-operatively 42.30 and 7.10 to 17.50 and 2.50 post-operatively. The observation of fusion was 92%. Conclusion: There are very effective radiological and clinical results of TLIF in the treatment of chronic back pain in lower part. Keywords: TLIF, radiological outcome, clinical outcome, Back pain.
Fits in Pregnant Women with Previously Controlled Epilepsy: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Gul Safia , Khawaja Imran , Gul Asiya , Khawaja Asad , Basharat Ali
Published: February 2022

Background and Aim: Pregnant women with epilepsy require stability in maternal fits and antiepileptic drugs have potentially adverse effects in developing fetuses. Hypoxemia and blunt trauma cause convulsive fits which are treacherous to both maternal and fetus. Limited data available regarding frequency of fits in pregnant women with previously controlled epilepsy. The present study was carried out to evaluate the frequency of fits in pregnant women with previously controlled epilepsy. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 70 pregnant women with a previous history of epilepsy in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad and Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindifrom January 2021 to December 2021. The incidence of Fits during pregnancy was compared through a peripartum period (epoch 1) and during the postpartum period (epoch 2). Non-pregnant epilepsy women were enrolled as controls and were followed for 18 months period. A higher frequency of Fits was the prime outcome in epoch 1 compared to epoch 2. Administrated drugs such as antiepileptic drugs doses were compared. Results: A total of 70 pregnant and 60 controls women with epilepsy were enrolled. Out of 70, about 60 had a history of previous fits or Fits. The prevalence of fits was significantly higher during epoch 1 whereas in epoch 2, about 21% had Fits and 23% in control had Fits (Odd ratio: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.49-1.57). Of those 60, 22 (36.7%) of the pregnant subjects recruited had a history of eclampsia-related fits. An antiepileptic drug dose during pregnancy was changed in 69% of pregnant women and 29% in control (odd ratios; 6.41; 95% CI, 3.79-10.63). Conclusion: Our study found that the percentage of epilepsy diagnosed women had a higher frequency of fits during pregnancy compared to the postpartum period was comparable to the control group (non-pregnant) women. During comparable time periods, pregnant women experienced more changes in antiepileptic drug doses than non-pregnant women. Keywords: Fits, epilepsy, pregnancy
A rare case of permanent pacemaker-induced takotsubo cardiomyopathy in a male patient
Authors: Moinudddin Imran , Anjum Ibrar , Zia Umer , Bila Zia Muhammad , Ali Sajid
Published: February 2022

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a type of non-ischemic cardiomyopathy that usually appears after a stressful event or in a woman and is rarely seen after pacemaker implantation (PMI). Herein, we present the case of a 65-year-old man with PMI because of a 2:1 atrioventricular nodal block who had a syncopal episode later in the day of the procedure. Echocardiography showed septal and apical hypokinesis with reduced ejection fraction suggestive of takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Before PMI, echocardiography showed normal left ventricular function with no wall-motion abnormality. Coronary angiography showed no coronary artery stenosis. The patient was seen again in the clinic 1 month later, and repeat echocardiography showed improvement of ejection fraction to 55% with no wall-motion abnormality. Generally, the complication rate after PMI is very low and includes infection, hematoma, lead dislocation, or allergic reaction at the site. The clinicians must be aware of potentially rare complications that can occur after PMI, such as takotsubo cardiomyopathy.
Development and Application of Biodegradable Materials in E-waste Treatment
Authors:   SPM College, Udantipuri, Biharsharif, Nalanda, Patliputra University, Patna, India, Rajak Jitendra
Published: March 2022

Electronic waste also termed as e-waste is one of the utmost rapidly growing sources of waste material along different countries. It is very much hazardous waste mainly consists of discarded electronic and electrical equipment. Most of the emerging countries including India are facing immense challenges associated to the huge generation of e-waste. The management of e-waste in problematic and costly. Illegal importation of e-waste from other countries is also a headache for developing countries. The existing process of e-waste management can cause potential risk to both human health and the environment due to different toxic elements present in e-waste. So, several new ideas should be encompassed with the target to decrease the amount of e-waste generation along with inclusion of biodegradable raw materials in electronics devices manufacturing. Because only biodegradable material can control the release of toxic element to nature. In this report, we have found that these issues should be addressed urgently and some probable solution should be introduced to avoid its harmful future consequences.
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Penilaian Kinerja Guru Menggunakan Metode Simple Additive Weighting (SAW)
Authors: Rahayu Suciana , Sinaga Anita Sindar
Published: March 2022

It is very important to evaluate teacher performance regularly to improve the quality of teacher human resources. SMK 1 Negeri Labu conducts teacher performance assessments every 3 months but the mechanism is less effective due to lack of transparency. The SAW method is part of the DSS used to help determine decisions based on alternative data and criteria data. Data processing is implemented according to the calculation of the SAW method to determine the decision matrix and then make a ranking of the total alternative data. In this study there were 20 teachers who were assessed with 9 assessment criteria, the ranking results showed that alternative data A03 obtained the highest score, it was decided that A03 had the best teacher performance. The design of the system developed with UML resulted in a teacher performance appraisal system. This study aims to help the school determine the best teacher performance systematically processed by the system. Suggestions from the implementation of this study in order to improve the accuracy of the calculation results, it is recommended to compare the results with other DSS-based methods.