bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Unveiling Maternal Health Dynamics from Pregnancy Through Postpartum Perspectives
Authors: Mora-Ortiz Marina , Rivas-García Lorenzo
Published: November 2024

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is the most frequent pregnancy-related medical issue and presents significant risks to both maternal and foetal health, requiring monitoring and management during pregnancy. The prevalence of GDM has surged globally in recent years, mirroring the rise in diabetes and obesity rates. Estimated to affect from 5% to 25% of pregnancies, GDM impacts approximately 21 million live births annually, according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). However, consensus on diagnostic approaches remains elusive, with varying recommendations from international organizations, which makes the comparison between research complicated. Compounding concerns are the short-term and long-term complications stemming from GDM for mothers and offspring. Maternal outcomes include heightened cardiovascular risks and a notable 70% risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) within a decade postpartum. Despite this, research into the metabolic profiles associated with a previous GDM predisposing women to T2D remains limited. While genetic biomarkers have been identified, indicating the multifaceted nature of GDM involving hormonal changes, insulin resistance, and impaired insulin secretion, there remains a dearth of exploration into the enduring health implications for both mothers and their children. Furthermore, offspring born to mothers with GDM have been shown to face an increased risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome during childhood and adolescence, with studies indicating a heightened risk ranging from 20% to 50%. This comprehensive review aims to critically assess the current landscape of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) research, focusing on its prevalence, diagnostic challenges, and health impacts on mothers and offspring. By examining state-of-the-art knowledge and identifying key knowledge gaps in the scientific literature, this review aims to highlight the multifaceted factors that have hindered a deeper understanding of GDM and its long-term consequences. Ultimately, this scholarly exploration seeks to promote further investigation into this critical area, improving health outcomes for mothers and their children.
The genome sequence of a lauxaniid fly, Calliopum simillimum (Collin, 1933)
Authors: Falk Steven ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: November 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Calliopum simillimum (Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Lauxaniidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 690.50 megabases. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 6 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 16.18 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 32,839 protein-coding genes.
The genome sequence of Panzer’s nomad bee, Nomada panzeri Lepeletier, 1841
Authors: Falk Steven ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: November 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Nomada panzeri (the Panzer's nomad bee; Arthropoda; Insecta; Hymenoptera; Apidae). The genome sequence is 303.9 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 15 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 30.61 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 12,015 protein-coding genes.
The genome sequence of the sycamore periphyllus aphid, Periphyllus acericola (Walker, 1848)
Authors: Crowley Liam M. ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: November 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Periphyllus acericola (the sycamore periphyllus aphid; Arthropoda; Insecta; Hemiptera; Aphididae). The genome sequence has a total length of 405.30 megabases. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 9 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 33.63 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 21,463 protein-coding genes.
The genome sequence of the glistening inkcap, Coprinellus micaceus Coprinellus; Coprinellus micaceus ((Bull.) Vilgalys, Hopple & Jacq. Johnson, 2001)
Authors: Wright Richard , Woof Kieran ,   Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: November 2024

We present a genome assembly from a specimen of Coprinellus micaceus (the glistening inkcap; Basidiomycota; Agaricomycetes; Agaricales; Psathyrellaceae). The genome sequence is 52.0 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 13 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 54.99 kilobases in length.
(Nie)chciana tożsamość. Tom 2
Authors: Maciudzińska-Kamczycka Magdalena , Lewandowska Katarzyna , Sobczyk Ewa
Published: November 2024

The second volume of (Un)wanted Identity appears to be important and bold in the context of discussions currently taking place in science and journalism. It generally concerns the multiple processes of constructing those others, often alien, identities, which do not have the mandate of a patriarchal and culturally homogeneous society, but demand their own representation in works and cultural texts. The problems of the "tabooized" past, refuge, rejection and shame, contents frozen in the subconscious, often related to exclusion due to ethnic, gender, religious or national differences, form the core of the theoretical and artistic discussions conducted here. The articles included in the volume are primarily stories that point to the cancellations made in both the real and symbolic spheres. Their intensity (but also the ruthlessness of the message) is necessary to make them sound as strong and as loud as possible.
Development of hiking games technical group guidance module to improve resilience for vocational school students
Authors: Ambarwati  , Wangid Muhammad Nur
Published: November 2024

The aim of developing the hiking game technique group guidance module is to increase personal resilience and determine the quality of the hiking game technique group guidance module as an innovation in guidance and counseling services. The method used in this research is Borg & Gall's research and development. Sukmadinata's modification consists of three stages: preliminary study, model development, and model testing. The research results are a group guidance module on climbing game techniques to increase self-resilience. Validation tests are used to determine the feasibility of the product being developed. Validation was carried out by three experts, namely material experts, media experts and service experts. The results of expert validation obtained data that stated that the Hiking game technique group guidance module was in the "Appropriate" category. Based on these results, the Hiking game technique group guidance module can be used by guidance and counseling teachers when providing services to students, to increase personal resilience.
Group guidance with photovoice technique to increase empathy of student
Authors: Warsongko Denok Setiawati , Miranda Sarah Kurnia , Ghozali Muhamad Afifuddin
Published: November 2024

This research aims to measure the increase in student empathy after implementing group guidance using the photovoice technique. The type of research is quasi-experimental without a control group used in this research. The research subjects were 10 students with high, medium, and low empathy scores randomly determined as the research sample. The implementation procedure was carried out in six sessions using a plan designed collaboratively between group guidance and photovoice techniques. This research shows differences in scores before and after receiving treatment. The Wilcoxon test was carried out to analyze the data with an assumption sig (2-tailed) result of 0.005, which showed that the alternative hypothesis that applying photovoice technique group guidance could increase Surabaya students' empathy was accepted. The conclusion that can be drawn from this research is that group guidance using the photovoice technique can improve empathy skills.
North Sumatra Busedah to strengthen students’ character and implementation through the fun school
Authors: Moningka Yudha , Aprilia Nani , Isnaeni Bekti
Published: November 2024

Strengthening character education still needs to be done because it has been found that student's behavior is not according to applicable norms and rules.  History education is one of the subjects that can potentially strengthen character education. The formulation of this research is "How is the design of North Sumatra Busedah to strengthen the character education of students and its implementation through the fun school movement?".  The purpose of this research is to analyze the design of North Sumatra Busedah to strengthen the character education of students and its implementation through the fun school movement. This type of research is descriptive research. The data collection techniques used are observation and documentation. The data collection instruments used were observation sheets and history books. The research procedure was carried out by analyzing the material content in the history book used by the teacher. Then, researchers designed a new history book, North Sumatra Busedah as a renewal of history books that contained material about the history of North Sumatra. Furthermore, researchers examined the challenges that would be faced in implementing North Sumatra Busedah through the fun school movement. The results showed that researchers designed the creation of North Sumatra Busedah as a history book renewal which was adjusted to the learning outcomes in phases E and F. 2 possible challenges will be faced in implementing North Sumatra Busedah to strengthen the character education of students through the fun school movement.
Effective advice on contraceptive choices
Authors: Robinson Gina
Published: November 2024

Contraception is freely available in the UK from the NHS through pharmacies or private providers, such as Brook clinics. Despite wider societal acceptance of contraception, practical, psychological and social barriers remain to access for a range of groups. A first consultation to assess contraceptive needs will require a longer appointment as there are many issues to discuss alongside those pertaining directly to contraceptive use, such as emergency contraception, safeguarding and sexually transmitted infection risk. Health professionals must consider consent and confidentiality in any consultation and be aware of groups who are at higher risk of abuse, such as vulnerable adults and those from the LGBTQ+ community. This article discusses contraception use, and forms of available contraception in the UK, including common risks and benefits, barriers to accessing contraception and emergency contraception.
Alice Ball and leprosy
Authors: Winter George
Published: November 2024

In this month's article, George Winter discusses the forgotten story of Alice Ball, the chemist who pioneered a treatment for leprosy
A–Z of prescribing for children
Authors: Davies Kate
Published: November 2024

This series focuses on aspects of prescribing for neonates, children and young people, from A–Z. Aspects of pharmacokinetics will be considered, alongside legal considerations, consent and medications in schools
Zenginleştirilmiş Oyun Ortamında Meraklı -Çocuk e-Twinning Projesine İlişkin Erken Çocukluk Eğitimcilerinin Görüşleri
Authors: Erener Ünal Sinem , Tuğrul Belma
Published: November 2024

Araştırma 2021-2022 eğitim öğretim döneminde, bir vakıf üniversitesi Okul Öncesi Eğitimi Doktora Programı “Oyun Araştırmaları” dersi kapsamında planlanan “Zenginleştirilmiş Oyun Ortamında Meraklı Çocuk (ZOOM-Ç)” isimli e-Twinning Projesine etkin katılım sağlayan erken çocukluk eğitimcilerinin projeye ilişkin görüşlerini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma grubunu projeye aktif katılım sağlayan ve amaçlı örnekleme yoluyla seçilmiş 28 erken çocukluk eğitimcisi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma nitel perspektifli bir çalışma olup; araştırmada nitel araştırma metotlarından biri olan eylem araştırması deseni kullanılmıştır Öğretmen görüşlerinin derinleştirmesine incelenebilmesi için yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ve metaforik algı formu aracılığıyla veriler toplanmıştır. Veri analizi sürecine açık kodlama yapılarak başlanmıştır. Eksensel kodlama ile erken çocukluk eğitimcilerinin yanıtları doğrultusunda ana temalar ve alt temalar ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Son aşamada seçici kodlama ile kodlara son hali verilmiştir. Araştırma ile açık uçlu materyallerin eğitim ortamlarında yer almasının çocuklar, eğitimciler ve ebeveynler açısından oldukça olumlu yanları olduğu görülmüştür. Açık uçlu materyallerin eğitim ortamına entegre edilmesinin çocukların oyun ve oyuncak seçimlerinde değişiklik oluşturduğu anlaşılmıştır. Açık uçlu materyallerin kaliteli oyun deneyimleri sağlayarak, çocukların oyunlarında açık uçlu materyalleri tercih etme eğilimlerinin arttığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Case Report: True Drug Sensitization to Co-amoxiclav During Acute Infectious Mononucleosis
Authors: Janeš Ivona , Navratil Marta
Published: November 2024

Skin reactions following antibiotic administration amidst acute infectious mononucleosis (IM) were long thought to be exclusively atransient hypersensitivity reaction of the immune system, and further allergological testing was rarely conducted. This paper presents the case of a 19-month-old boy who developed a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to co-amoxiclav during acute IM. Thecase serves as a reminder that any new onset of rashes following antibiotic treatment should undergo detailed allergological testinguntil proven otherwise.
Abdominal pain in a patient with recurrent malaria – a case report
Authors: Sherbatyuk Nataliya , Oksana  , Nykytyuk Svitlana , Mudryk Ulyana
Published: November 2024

Currently the majority of malaria cases in Europe are imported by international travellers and immigrants. Typical clinical signs of malaria are recurrent fever, hepatosplenomegaly and haemolytic anaemia. Abdominal pain is not a specific clinical sign of malaria. We present a clinical case of three-day malaria in a 17-year-old Indian citizen who was admitted to the Ternopil Regional Children’s Hospital with fever and severe abdominal pain. The peculiarity of this case was the presence of fever and severe abdominal pain at the onset of the disease, which led to admission of the patient to surgical department and delayed correct diagnosis. Careful, thoro- ugh case history is one of the key points on the way to the accurate diagnosis. There is a need to increase the physicians’ awareness of malaria in patients with abdominal pain who have come from malaria endemic countries.
The possible role of iodinated contrast in enhancing acute kidney injury in a critically ill neonate – a case report
Authors: Matos Wevelin Santos de , Ramalho Fernando Silva , Facincani Inalda , Manso Paulo Henrique
Published: November 2024

A multi-modality approach is necessary for accurate diagnosis in case of congenital heart diseases  present in the neonatal period. Advances in medical imaging have increased dependence on the information provided by radiological  studies. However, several of these studies require the use of contrast, which may enhance the risk  of contrast-induced acute kidney injury. We report on a case of a neonate with transposition of  great arteries who was submitted to iodinated contrast during angiotomography. Soon after the  procedure, he presented anuria and increased urea and creatinine levels, and was diagnosed with a  contrast-induced acute kidney injury. Despite the use of peritoneal dialysis, he died soon  thereafter. Post mortem analysis showed extensive coagulative necrosis in the renal cortical and  medullary layers.
Post-encephalitic syndrome in children with tick-borne encephalitis
Authors: Majerus Lj. Mišić , Sabol Z. , Mršić M. Toth , Bujić N. , Rode O. Đaković
Published: November 2024

Tick-borne encephalitis is predominantly a disease with a milder clinical course in children, but in a small number of patients it may cause some severe and permanent sequels. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of post-encephalitic syndrome in children with tick-borne encephalitis. The study was based on data obtained from longitudinal clinical monitoring of 112 children with tick-borne encephalitis aged 2-14 years, treated during the 1979-2011 period. In clinical monitoring, qualitative assessment of the post-encephalitic syndrome effect on everyday life habits and activities of patients was used. Clinical signs and symptoms of post-encephalitic syndrome were recorded in 35 (31.2%) patients, significantly more common among schoolchildren (38%) than preschool children (13%) (p<0.05). Post-encephalitic syndrome most frequently manifested as headache (74%), ataxia (34%), as well as movement disorder (including tremor) and dizziness (28%). Memory, attention and concentration disorders were present in 26% of patients, emotional disturbances (irritability) in 23%, and behavioral changes (aggression and “strange behavior”) in 11% of patients. Mild or transient post-encephalitic syndrome was recorded in 60%, moderately severe in 31%, and severe with permanent sequels in 9% of patients (3% of all patients with tick-borne encephalitis, with hearing loss in two and hemiparesis and epileptic seizure in one patient each). Post-encephalitic syndrome lasted for one to three months for up to more than ten years. In conclusion, this study undoubtedly proved the presence of post-encephalitic syndrome in study children with tick-borne encephalitis.
Application of the world health organization child growth standards for growth evaluation in children from two kindergartens in međimurje county
Authors: Hegeduš-Jungvirth M. , Ključarić I. , Grgurić J. , Glavaš E.
Published: November 2024

The World Health Organization new growth standards have been developed using a methodology designed to determine the optimum rate of child growth and development. To achieve this goal, breastfed children living in a favorable socioeconomic environment, whose mothers do not smoke, were used as the baseline population. The resulting standard curves of growth have been issued for preschool children and reference curves established for school children. After their publication in December 2006, these standards have been accepted by many countries, while some other reference values have remained in use in only a few countries. With the aim of introducing the World Health Organization growth standards in our country, a small research was conducted in Međimurje County. Forty-two Romany children and 44 age-matched children of the majority population were included and measured as recommended by the World Health Organization. Romany children were found to significantly lag behind the majority population children both in body weight and height. Our data showed usefulness of the new standard growth curve in growth monitoring of preschool children. Also, study results showed the Romany children of kindergarten age to significantly lag in growth and body mass behind the new standard growth curve. According to the World Health Organization weight-for-age values, the majority population children showed 16% overweight and 15% obesity.
Self-regulation in early childhood
Authors: Pinjatela R.
Published: November 2024

Self-regulation, the ability to monitor and control one’s behavior in response to social expectations, is one of the most important features of affective development. Current research in neuroscience and neurobiology shows that early experiences of interaction are memorized in the brain and affect the ability to control emotions. Interaction with parents affects the neural network. The number of neural connections that are created depends in part on the quality of stimulation the child receives, and the environment in which the child grows and gains experience. Neural connections that are not used undergo deterioration. Therefore, the first year of life is a critical period for the development of emotion regulation. The knowledge of the early emotional development and regulation helps in prevention, early detection and early treatment of disorders in young children. Children grow up in very different sociocultural environments and develop emotionally in different ways as the result of the socialization of emotions. Children learn to manage their emotional experience in culturally appropriate ways. It is impossible to understand the early emotional development separately from the parent to child relationship within which this process takes place. Foundation for the development of self-regulation is the management of physiological stimuli, emotions and attention. These basic tasks of early childhood entail very different influences and developmental processes. The reason for considering each component in the development of self-regulation is the fact that the child learns to “manage himself” and begins to gain control of behavior, emotion and cognition that are necessary for competent functioning in life.
Etiology of syncope in children: how often should we consider it neurogenic?
Authors: Juraški R. Gjergja , Šojat Lj. Cvitanović , Malenica M. , Kramer D.
Published: November 2024

The most common paroxysmal non-epileptic events in children are syncopes, a sudden and temporary loss of consciousness provoked by stimuli, followed by the loss of postural tone and with complete recovery within seconds to minutes. The aim of this study was to determine the causes, provocations, diagnostic procedures and classification of syncopes in children and adolescents. Data on patients admitted because of syncope to our Neuropediatric Unit during a 2-year period (January 2005 to December 2006) were retrospectively analyzed. Out of 326 children with non-paroxysmal events, 68 children diagnosed with syncope were chosen for further analysis. The mean age of study children (female 70% and male 30%) was 13.67 years. About 70% of children were admitted urgently. Two or more syncopal attacks were recorded in 49% of children. Laboratory, neurologic and cardiologic procedures were performed, depending on history and physical examination. The causes of syncopal attacks were vasovagal, situational, orthostatic hypotension, spasm of the right vertebral artery, psychogenic, canal for vertebral artery, and epilepsy. In 5.9% of cases, syncopal attacks remained unclassified. The most common syncope in hospitalized children was neurocardiogenic. The diagnosis was mostly based on disease history and physical examination. EEG and follow up confirmed epilepsy in two children.
What happens when a child with neurological disorders developspsychiatric symptoms? A case report of school failure
Authors: Bilać S.
Published: November 2024

School failure can be the result of various factors relating to the child, its family, their school or society in general. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the possibilities of the work of clinical psychologists in the area of school failure. Case report: The work is presented done with a girl, who had learning difficulties from the start of schooling as well as emotional disorders. In her fifth class she was referred by her school for clinical assessment in order to determine the appropriate further education. The verbal intellectual abilities of the girl were in the average range, while her non-verbal abilities were damaged, with numerous specific cognitive deficits and specific learning difficulties. In behaviour she showed symptoms of ADHD syndrome and in her emotional domain there was a dominant phobic fear of verbal answering in school. We suggested further education with an adapted schooling programme. The psychologist implemented treatment based on the Cognitive behavioural and the Gestalt therapy. The girl stopped showing emotional disorders, she successfully completed primary school and continued with her secondary education. Conclusion: In our field as a clinical psychologist working with children with learning difficulties, we try to apply the concept of developmental neuropsychology. The aim of clinical work is the proper psychodiagnostic and constructive action that benefits the child – psychological treatment, partnership with parents and school.
Nasopharyngeal colonisation and resistance of streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis and haemophilus influenzae in pre-school children with diagnosis otitis media acuta
Authors: Trischler-Čeke Z. , Bandić D. , Planinić M.
Published: November 2024

Nasopharyngeal colonisation with human pathogenic bacteria is a prerequisite for the development of acute otitis media (OAM). Most authors agree that bacterial isolation from nasopharyngeal secretion has clinical signficance. The continuing increase in resistance to commonly used antibiotics makes treatment of these infections difficult in many countries. The purpose of this report was to determine the incidence and resistance in nasopharyngeal isolates in pre-school children with the diagnosis of rhinopharyngitis acuta and otitis media acuta. The objective of this study was to show that usually empiric antibiotic therapy with amoxicillin is not justified. From the total number of nasopharyngeal samples (1229), 468 had a positive bacteriological result (38.08%). Pneumococcus was isolated from 40.60% samples, Moraxella catarrhalis from 40.17%, Haemophilus influenzae from 15.17% samples and from 4.06% samples was isolated BHS-A, C or G. Our results show highly resistance of first isolate - Pneumococcus on penicillin and amoxicillin (37.37%). Empiric therapy of a particular infection with a particular antibiotic is possible only if the antibiotic resistance to the common cause is under 15% in a particular population. The conclusion of this paper is that there is no reason for using penicillin and amoxicillin in empiric therapy for specified infections in our region.
Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of tuberculosisin children up to seven years of age treated at Srebrnjak children's hospital
Authors: Raos M. , Marković J. , Dodig S.
Published: November 2024

Forty children with tuberculosis (TB), aged up to 7 years were treated in the period from January 2000 to December 2007. There were 30% children from Zagreb and Zagreb County and 70% patients from other counties. 60% of patients were female. Most patients were aged up to 4 years (75%). Positive intra-familiar contact was confirmed in 87.5% of patients. Primary TB was present in 65% of patients, postprimary TB in 35%. All children were BCG vaccinated, and a BCG scar was found in 82.5% of patients. Significantly positive PPD-test was found in 87.5% of patients. Symptoms were evidenced in 62.5% of patients, and auscultative findings in the lungs were present in 37.5% of patients. Tuberculosis was confirmed by radiologic examination in 95%, by bronchoscopic findings in 17.5% of patients, and mycobacterium tuberculosis culture positive test was found in 55% of patients. The present study has shown that intra-familiar contact with a tuberculosis subject, positive PPD-test, and radiological finding are crucial findings for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in children.
Phototherapy in the management of childhood dermatoses
Authors: Čeović R. , Pašić A. , Lipozenčić i sur. J.
Published: November 2024

In the last decade, phototherapy, i.e. the use of ultraviolet light with or without a photosensitizer, has been routinely employed in the treatment of childhood dermatoses. With the advent of narrow-spectrum phototherapy emitting UVB wavelengths of 311 (±1) nm and PUVA baths, the use of phototherapy in pediatric patients has become by far safer and more efficient, while being associated with lower erythemogenic potential and longer period of remission. A review is presented of the basic mechanisms of phototherapy and photochemotherapy (PUVA), modes of administering these therapies in pediatric patients, and the main indications for this therapeutic option, with special reference to the management of psoriasis as the most common indication for phototherapy in children. It is emphasized that the use of phototherapy in children requires close cooperation with parents and high competence of the dermatologist-venereologist and other medical professionals engaged in therapy administration. The risk of skin cancer increases with the cumulative dosage of UVB radiation and PUVA therapies received during the lifetime. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to make an accurate indication for phototherapy in childhood, along with strict follow up of the cumulative UV dosage administered.
The new world health organization child growth standards for preschool children - growth charts for the 21st century
Authors: Nenadić N. , Grgurić J.
Published: November 2024

In 2006 and 2007 WHO launched the new growth standards for children from birth to 5 years of age. The new child growth standards are the result of prospective longitudinal and partly cross-sectional 6-year research based on multicentric and multiethnic samples of healthy breastfed children from 6 selected world-wide centres. The aim was to develop new growth charts that would serve as a standard for all children, ie. that would describe the growth of healthy children who fulfill their full genetic potential in optimal surrounding conditions. An additional novelty of these standards is the introduction of gross motor development milestones along with anthropometric standards.
Intensity correlations of light waves scattered by random media having parity-time symmetry
Authors: Yue Jiaxin , Wu Gaofeng , Wang Fei , Cai Yangjian
Published: November 2024

Light waves scattered by random media with parity-time (PT) symmetry exhibit unique second-order statistical characteristics in the far field [Phys. Rev. A 105, 023510 (2022)PLRAAN1050-294710.1103/PhysRevA.105.023510]; however, the nature of its higher-order statistics remains unexplored. This paper aims to analyze the intensity correlation (IC), i.e., fourth-order statistics, of a normally incident plane wave scattered by PT-symmetric random media. By utilizing the first-order Born approximation, we analytically show that this type of PT symmetry causes the spatial profile of the IC function of scattered light to split into three parts in the far zone. Moreover, this IC profile rotates with respect to its reference spatial point as the gain and loss of scatterers vary. These findings suggest an effective approach to detect the random medium’s gain or loss properties by measuring the IC distribution of scattered light in the far zone.
Gadolinium-doped carbon dots with long-wavelength emission for dual-modal imaging
Authors: Efimova Arina A. , Badrieva Zilya F. , Brui Ekaterina A. , Miruschenko Mikhail D. , Aleinik Ivan A. , Mitroshin Alexander M. , Volina Olga V. , Koroleva Aleksandra V. , Zhizhin Evgeniy V. , Stepanidenko Evgeniia A. , Ushakova Elena V.
Published: November 2024

Subject of study. This study is focused on luminescent carbon dots derived from o-phenylenediamine and gadolinium chloride or nitrate hexahydrate. Aim of study. The study aims to fabricate long-wavelength photoluminescent gadolinium-doped carbon dots that could function as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. Additionally, the study investigates the impact of the precursor type used on the chemical composition and optical transitions of the resulting nanoparticles. Method. Carbon dots were synthesized using a one-step solvothermal method, and their composition and optical properties were analyzed using spectroscopy methods. Magnetic resonance imaging was conducted using a clinical magnetic resonance imaging scanner with a field strength of 1.5 T. Main results. In this study, two types of carbon dots were synthesized from o-phenylenediamine and gadolinium chloride or nitrate hexahydrate using the solvothermal method. Metal doping, at a concentration sufficient for further investigations, is achieved only when gadolinium chloride is used. Additionally, the presence of gadolinium chloride during the synthesis leads to the formation of luminescent centers within the carbon dots with emission at 600–720 nm and a photoluminescence quantum yield of 6.3%. In contrast, gadolinium nitrate increases the nitrogen content within the o-phenylenediamine-based carbon dots while inhibiting metal doping. The luminescent band with an emission maximum at 550 nm and a photoluminescence quantum yield of 7.4% originates from the o-phenylenediamine derivatives formed within such carbon dots. The study results also show that the gadolinium-doped carbon dots alter the relaxation times during magnetic resonance scanning, and the calculated relaxivity (r1 and r2) values are 6.4 and 38.6L⋅mmol−1⋅s−1, respectively. Thus, the synthesized carbon dots function as positive contrast agents during magnetic resonance scanning. Practical significance. Carbon dots with long-wavelength emission are promising nanoprobes for luminescence imaging. With gadolinium doping, these nanoparticles can also be used as contrast agents during magnetic resonance imaging. Consequently, carbon dots based on o-phenylenediamine and gadolinium chloride hexahydrate can be further utilized as dual-mode nanoprobes for bioimaging.
Optical properties of InGaP(As) quantum dots in GaAs/AlGaAs/InGaP/InGaAs heterostructures
Authors: Andryushkin Vladislav V. , Novikov Innokenty I. , Gladyshev Andrey G. , Babichev Andrey V. , Nevedomsky Vladimir N. , Papylev Denis S. , Kolodeznyi Evgenii S. , Karachinsky Leonid Ya. , Egorov Anton Yu.
Published: November 2024

Subject of study. InGaP(As) quantum dots in GaAs/AlGaAs/InGaP/InGaAs heterostructures were studied. Aim of study. The aim was to establish the correlation between the maximum photoluminescence wavelength of InGaP(As) semiconductor quantum dots and the location of InGaAs quantum wells within GaAs/AlGaAs/InGaP/InGaAs heterostructures. Method. InGaP(As) quantum dots were synthesized by molecular-beam epitaxy; phosphorus was replaced with arsenic in a thin InGaP layer during the epitaxial growth. The optical properties of these InGaP(As) quantum dots were investigated using photoluminescence spectroscopy. Main results. The results show that using an InGaAs quantum well and the formation surface for the InGaP layer, which is subsequently transformed into quantum dots, does not affect the maximum photoluminescence wavelength of the quantum dots. However, the photoluminescence peaks under a long-wave shift of 56 nm when the quantum dots are overgrown with a 5-nm-thick InGaAs quantum well with an InAs molar fraction of 0.17. The measured surface density of the quantum dots is 1.3×1012cm−2. Practical significance. The results obtained from the analysis of the optical properties of the synthesized InGaP(As) quantum dots will serve as a foundation for the fabrication of active regions for near-infrared light sources.
Effect of changing the growth mechanism on the synthesis of two-dimensional germanium layers and quantum dots on silicon
Authors: Kukenov Olzhas I. , Dirko Vladimir V. , Sokolov Arseniy S. , Lozovoy Kirill A. , Shvaleva Kristina I. , Kokhanenko Andrey P. , Voitsekhovskii Alexander V.
Published: November 2024

Subject of study. The work studied the formation of germanium quantum dots on silicon with (100) crystallographic orientation under different growth regimes. Aim of study. The work is devoted to conducting experimental studies of the influence of growth mechanisms on the formation of germanium layers and quantum dots on a silicon (100) substrate for the production of optical elements based on silicon-germanium nanostructures. Methods. After pre-epitaxial cleaning of the Si substrate, germanium is synthesized on Si(100) through molecular beam epitaxy. The surface morphology is analyzed using reflection high-energy electron diffraction during synthesis and scanning electron microscopy after deposition. Main results. The work determines the temperature ranges at which the Si/Si(100) growth occurs due to the nucleation of islands, due to the movement of steps, and in combination. The effect of changing growth mechanisms on the size and density of Ge quantum dots on Si(100) is shown. Practical significance. The research results provide insight into the influence of growth mechanisms on the sizes of formed germanium quantum dots on silicon, which will make it possible to create nanophotonics and nanoelectronics elements with strictly specified parameters.
Pixelless upconversion imaging based on surface microsphere coupled light emitting diodes
Authors: Han Shangjie , Yan Jieyun , Wang Yi , Cai Jiaxuan , Bai Peng , Yang Ning , Chu Weidong , Wang Hanbin , Xie Yan , Chen Meng , Wang Yingxin , Zhao Ziran
Published: November 2024

High performance infrared imaging devices have extensive applications in environmental monitoring, surveillance, and national defense. Pixelless upconversion imaging devices offer promising potential for large-format infrared imaging. In this work, we propose a pixelless upconversion imaging device enhanced by a microsphere (MS) structure. Fabricated through a convenient, low-cost, and efficient process, our device successfully achieved pixelless upconversion imaging of blackbody hot spots. Compared to prior methods, this design significantly improves the light extraction efficiency (LEE) while achieving an upconversion efficiency comparable to traditional grating structures. Theoretical analyses reveal that the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the light-emitting diodes primarily drives the upconversion efficiency rather than the coupling efficiency of the quantum well detector. Finally, we present an optimized MS-coupled device with enhanced upconversion efficiency, providing insights for future development of large-format, high-efficiency, high-speed pixelless upconversion infrared imaging.
Conditions for thermally stable color characteristics of trichromatic white light-emitting diodes
Authors: Onwukaeme Chibuzo , Ryu Han-Youl
Published: November 2024

We present a method to stabilize color characteristics from a trichromatic white light-emitting diode (LED) consisting of red, green, and blue (RGB) LEDs under varying ambient temperatures. Through colorimetric analyses, it was found that the trichromatic white LED could maintain its chromaticity coordinate by adjusting the light output power (LOP) of green and red LEDs as the temperature varied. Moreover, the correlated color temperature (CCT) could be invariant to the external temperature change by controlling only the LOP of a red LED. Using the developed mathematical model and temperature-dependent spectral data of commercial RGB LED samples, we determined the power ratios between RGB LEDs needed to achieve thermally stable color coordinates or CCT as the heat sink temperature varied from 20 to 100 °C. When operating under thermally stable CCT conditions, the chromaticity coordinate of the trichromatic LED moved along the iso-CCT line with only a minor color deviation as the temperature increased to 100 °C. The presented approach requires adjusting the power of only one LED to achieve thermally stable CCT operation in a trichromatic white LED, which is expected to simplify LED control circuits significantly.
Subaperture moving strategy and related systematic errors in stitching interferometry of X-ray mirrors
Authors: Wu Qiaoyu , Huang Qiushi , Zhang Wenwen , Shi Zhao , Li Ming , Zhang Changrui , He Yumei , Luo Hongxin , Yu Jun , Gu Weichen , Zhang Zhong , Wang Zhanshan
Published: November 2024

For high-precision metrology of X-ray mirrors, the subaperture moving strategy significantly impacts the accuracy of stitching interferometry. In this work, we investigated the systematic errors associated with various subaperture moving strategies of rotational stitching (RS), rotational displacement stitching (RDS), and displacement stitching (DS) in measuring X-ray mirrors. The effects of stitching strategies on a flat mirror and a spherical mirror with a radius of curvature (RoC) of 180 m and 60 m were compared. For the mirror with RoC of 60 m, the DS strategy showed the smallest height error of 3.3 nm (RMS) between algorithm-based stitching and the Nanometer Optical component Measuring machine (NOM), while RS showed a large error of 37.4 nm (RMS). The different regions of the interferometer aperture have different amplitudes of retrace errors, defocusing errors, and lateral distortion, which can lead to accumulations of systematic errors using the RS strategy. By reducing the pixel size from 0.268 mm/pixel to 0.089 mm/pixel, the measurement accuracy using the same RDS strategy improved from 7.4 nm (RMS) to 4.4 nm (RMS). Based on the optimal stitching strategy, the measurement accuracy of residual figure error of the X-ray mirror with a radius of curvature of 30 m reaches 0.2 nm (RMS).
Suppression of the plasmonic heating effect in SERS measurement by coating graphene on the Ag@AAO substrate surface
Authors: Yan Xiaoya , Shi Hongyan , Jia Pengxue , Gao Bo , Sun Xiudong
Published: November 2024

The plasmonic heating effect on the substrate surface prompted by laser radiation used in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) measurement can inhibit the practical application of the SERS technique. Graphene, due to its high photothermal conversion and thermal conductivity, could provide a rapid path for dissipating the heat generated from hot electrons. In this work, the diluted graphene was spin-coated onto the anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) template modified with Ag films (G@Ag@AAO) to suppress the plasmonic heating effect. Theoretical simulations demonstrated that the ultrathin graphene coating can promote the plasmonic coupling between adjacent Ag nanoislands. The in-situ SERS monitoring revealed that the G@Ag@AAO substrate exhibits better signal stability than the pristine Ag@AAO substrate. Besides, ultraviolet (UV) radiation caused cross-linking of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol)/G (graphene) nanocomposites on the Ag@AAO substrate surface, which made the PVA/G@Ag@AAO substrate exhibit more excellent long-term detection stability in solution due to the increases of PVA/G interfacial adhesion toughness. In addition, the excellent λ-DNA (dsDNA) identification ability of PVA/G@Ag@AAO substrate suggests its broad prospect in biomolecular sensing and genetic engineering applications.
Individual nanostructures in an epsilon-near-zero material probed with 3D-sculpted light
Authors: Kantor Brian , Ackermann Lisa , Deinhart Victor , Höflich Katja , De Leon Israel , Banzer Peter
Published: November 2024

Epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) materials, i.e., materials with a vanishing real part of the permittivity, have become an increasingly desirable platform for exploring linear and nonlinear optical phenomena in nanophotonic and on-chip environments. ENZ materials inherently enhance electric fields for properly chosen interaction scenarios, host extreme nonlinear optical effects, and lead to other intriguing phenomena. To date, studies in the optical domain have mainly focused on nanoscopically thin films of ENZ materials and their interaction with light and other nanostructured materials. Here, we experimentally and numerically explore the optical response of individual nanostructures milled into an ENZ material. For the study, we employ 3D structured light beams, allowing us to fully control polarization-dependent field enhancements enabled by a tailored illumination and a vanishing permittivity. Our studies provide insight between complex near-fields and the ENZ regime while showcasing the polarization-dependent controllability they feature. Such effects can form the basis for experimental realizations of extremely localized polarization-controlled refractive index changes, which can ultimately enable ultrafast switching processes at the level of individual nanostructures.
Non-collinear broadband phase-matching for dual-chirped optical parametric amplification
Authors: Ren Xinhao , Ren Xingjie , Ye Junfeng , Hu Saisai , Xu Changwen , Fan Dianyuan , Zhong Haizhe
Published: November 2024

Dual-chirped optical parametric amplification (DC-OPA) is a variant of OPCPA used to produce intense ultrafast pulse. In this study, we comprehensively explore the quantitative relationship between non-collinear broadband PM geometry and linear chirp coefficients. Compared to OPCPA, non-collinear broadband DC-OPA demonstrates different design strategies. In the proof-of-principle experiment based on a specific oppositely configured DC-OPA design, ∼3 times enhancement in the bandwidth of the generated mid-IR idler pulse is observed compared to the collinear PM situation, which is well consistent with the theoretical predictions. The presented results may provide valuable insights for the design of all types of broadband DC-OPA systems.
Optimal path length identification for accurate glucose sensing with photoacoustic derived optical rotation
Authors: Padmanabhan Swathi , Prakash Jaya
Published: November 2024

Non-invasive glucose monitoring is crucial for diabetes management. This study explores the use of photoacoustic (PA) signals based on optical rotation estimation at multiple depths for detection of glucose concentrations. Experiments were performed with glucose samples mixed in bovine serum albumin with different polarization incidences—vertical (V), 45° linear (P), and right circular (R) polarization. Polarized Monte Carlo (PMC) simulations were performed to understand the depth-dependent behavior between optical and photoacoustic detection of optical rotation, which allows the estimate of glucose concentration. Notably, a specific depth range exhibited both maximum rotation and a better linear relationship with concentration, which are ideal for sensing. Both experimental and simulation studies indicated significant depolarization beyond a depth of 4 mm. Additionally, the change in rotation with respect to depth (Δα) was higher for larger concentration differences compared to smaller concentration differences. Our study identified that the optimal depth for accurate glucose sensing (based on Clarke’s error grid (CEG)) was found to be around 3–3.2 mm for the different polarized incidences. These findings showcase the potential of our approach for non-invasive glucose sensing and a calibration procedure to pinpoint optimal sensing depths, extendable to other chiral molecules.