bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Spiral Progression Approach in Teaching Science and the Performance of Learners in District I, Capiz”
Authors: Dunton Judy B. , Co Wilhelmina S.
Published: November 2019

This study was conducted to determine the relationship of the implementation of the spiral progression approach (SPA) in teaching science and the students’ performance. Results reveal that respondents are 21-30 years old, females, specializing in integrated science, with Bachelor’s Degree, 1-10 years service, and holding Teacher I positions; theirSPA implementation in teaching science is ‘fair’; no difference existed in their SPA implementation by dimensions;the students’ performancefrom grades 7, 8, 9, and 10 in the different schools is very satisfactory; differences existed in the students’ performance from grades 7, 9, and 10 in different schools; but none in Grade 8; no relationship existed on the SPA implementation and different grade levels, and in different schools; the top five (5) problems in the SPA implementation included teaching guides and learning modulesas have not yet been massively distributed; the SPA implementation is not well-planned; lack of qualified teachers; incompetency of teachers; and time spent for teachers’ training is not enough; and a Training Program is proposed to better prepare and equip the teachers in the SPA implementation in teaching Science.
DIGLOSSIC APPROACH IN TEACHING ELEMENTARY SCIENCE: AN INNOVATIVE STRATEGY
Authors: Palmares Ma. Theresa G.
Published: November 2019

This action research is about using local language as the intervention in teaching elementary science in below average learners. The use of mother tongue as ways of communication in basic science in primary schools can assist as a means of enhancing science teaching and learning process. The pre-test performances of science learners in diagnostic and traditional approaches were all below average with the mean scores of 10.71 and 11.29, respectively. However, the post-test mean scores obtained by the diagnostic group was high (28.49) compared to the traditional group which was below average (15.27). The t-test for paired samples test exposed a significant difference in the pre-test and post-test in the diagnostic approach as well as in traditional approach. Furthermore, the result suggests that both groups had more or less the same scores at the start of the intervention and were therefore comparable in terms of performance. The result indicates that although both groups gained, the diagnostic approach had a greater mean gain and therefore had a better performance compared to the traditional group. Learning science required comprehension, teaching using our local language help learners achieved the goal to increase their performance.
Designing Initiation Materials for Promoting Autonomous Learning in Blended Learning EFL Classroom
Authors: Antoro Sunu Dwi , Surjono Herman Dwi , Sugeng Bambang
Published: November 2019

One of the components of Blended Learning in English Language teaching model is the development and selection of instructional materials for supporting blended learning process. Blended learning which combines the face-to-face and technology-based learning mode has potential to create learning process for autonomous language learning promotion. To build autonomous learning needs learning materials to initiate learning process called initiation material for promoting autonomous learning (IMPAL). The development of IMPAL refers to all the ways in which the learning materials are designed, selected, and implemented in scenario of blended learning model. The learning materials include the delivery methods, instructional strategies and instruction media. This paper explores some of the IMPAL development related to the enhancement of the autonomous learning in learning English to propose framework of materials for learning innitiation that can be used by any teachers for developing the learning initiation in blended learning model.
How to Teaching Effectively using Problem-Based Learning in Probability
Authors: Sagita Laela , Anisah Isnaini Nur , Setiyani
Published: November 2019

National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) argued that problemsolving should be a focus on mathematics learning. It requires a learning model to support problem-solving ability. The study aimed to determine the effectiveness and influence of the problem-based learning model in student learning outcomes of probability. This study was a quasi-experimental research whose population of all 8th graders in SMP N 3 Bantul. The data collecting techniques were learning outcomes test of probability and instructional learning sheets. The effectiveness and influence of problem-based learning using Kolmogorov Smirnov analysis test, Lavene test, and t-test using significance 5%. The results show that three indicators of competence are in very high category. While competency indicators solve problems related to empirical probability and determine the probability complement into the high category.
Assessing student acceptance of virtual classroom in higher education using the UTAUT
Authors: Aditya B R , Permadi A
Published: November 2019

In the era of e-learning, assessing student acceptance of virtual classroom technology is becoming increasingly important. This paper describes findings from a study of the acceptance of virtual classroom on Telkom University students, especially in D3 Informatics Management. Students from three different class were surveyed to capture their perceptions regarding their current virtual classroom systems. The assessment framework is based on UTAUT dimensions: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence and facilitating condition, which consists of 14 variables. The conclusion of the study is that the use of the virtual classroom has had accepted on their learning activity, but with different levels of acceptance. This paper provides information that will be of interest to universities that are developing e-learning.
Programmed Practice Sheet (PPS) and Technology-enhanced Drills: Inputs to Instructional Material Development in Badminton
Authors: de los Santos Leomar B.
Published: November 2019

This study aimed at determining the effectiveness of a modified programmed practice sheet (PPS) and technology-enhanced drills as instructional methods in students’ basic badminton skills. Utilized as participants in the study were the 60 first year Bachelor of Science in Information Technology (BSIF) 1-A and 1-B P.E. 2 (Individual/Dual Sports) at Iloilo Science and Technology University, La Paz, Iloilo City, Philippines chose through matched-paired sampling. The badminton skill level data were obtained using the instrument on the Modified Badminton Performance Assessment Rubric [1]. This instrument consists of 6 basic badminton skills to determine the students’ skill level. The pre-treatment badminton skill level of the students in both modified programmed practice sheet (PPS) and technology-enhanced drills was the beginner; it shifted to excellent after the treatment. The students did not differ significantly in their pre-treatment badminton skill level when taken as an entire group and when grouped according to modified programmed practice sheet (PPS) and technology-enhanced drills. The students did not differ significantly in their post-treatment badminton skill level when taken as an entire group and grouped according to modified programmed practice sheet (PPS) and technology-enhanced drills.
Facebook as A Learning Media in TISOL (Teaching Indonesian to Speakers of Other Languages) Learning to Support The Independency of Foreign Students in Indonesia
Authors: Saddhono K , Hasibuan A , Bakhtiar M I
Published: November 2019

TISOL process is not merely conducted face-to-face, but also by using media, both printed media and non-printed, computer/internet, radio and television broadcast. By using this method the foreign students can independently adjust the suitability of time and place in studying the material. Learning and teaching process as a form of interaction between tutors and tutorial participants (foreign students) as well as between participants related to teaching and learning activities, forms a social network using a social media as a means of interaction to enable interaction in many directions (active participation of members) and flexible. One of the most popular social media in the world is Facebook. Facebook features as a social media can be utilized to support the implementation of teaching and learning process, especially online tutorials, among other facilities of various documents / modules with interactive discussions among participants arranged chronologically per topic. The purpose of this paper is to review the features of Facebook and simulate learning / Tutorial Online by using Facebook so features can be used with existing advantages and disadvantages as well as suggestions how to use Facebook to improve the quality of Online Tutorials in TISOL learning.
Indonesian Language Teachers’ Attitudes toward ICT Utilization in Learning for Elementary School in Surakarta
Authors: Saddhono K , Mulyaningsih I , Sudarsana I K , Manurung R T
Published: November 2019

The study deals with Indonesian language teachers’ attitude toward ICT utilization in learning for the elementary school in Surakarta. It also investigates the relationship of attitudes and teachers’ knowledge and the relationship of attitudes and teachers’ skill toward ICT utilization in learning. Moreover, it also attempts to find out teachers’ attitudes toward ICT utilization in accordance with school categories and ICT training. There were 150 Indonesian language teachers from 15 elementary schools in Surakarta, including eight state schools and seven private schools. The data obtained were then analyzed by SPSS version 12.0 program. The result shows that Indonesian language teachers’ attitudes toward ICT utilization in learning are positive. However, teachers’ knowledge and skills still at the beginner level. Besides, it also shows that there are no significant differences in teachers’ attitudes toward ICT utilization in learning related to school categories. Nevertheless, there is a significant difference between Indonesian language teachers’ who had attended ICT training and who had never been.
A Web Based Market Access Improvement of Community Service Product
Authors: Sagita Laela , Sari Marti Widya , Dwipa Nendra Mursetya Somasih
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this community service activity is to help partners improve the quality of production and marketing development which was originally done conventionally to be web-based. Conventional marketing has been increasingly abandoned, changing to marketing done online. One of the online media used for marketing means is through the website. The method used is by conducting observations, literature review, web requirements analysis, web display design, web content planning and web testing. From the results of the analysis, then we plan the structure of the website, as well as the use of technology that includes applications, and other features that will be posted on a website. With the use of this web, sales have increased by around 50% compared to previous sales conventionally.
Development of Mathematics Module on the Material of Flat Side Space Building in DIY Culture-Based.
Authors: Kintoko  , Jana Padrul
Published: November 2019

Research is based on the limited learning resources that can be used by students independently. The purpose of this research is to develop a Mathematics module in Jogja culture- based at junior high school with the material of Flat Side Space Building. To be able to find out the feasibility, effectiveness of the Jogja Culture-based Mathematics module that has been developed, and to determine the level of character of the love of the local culture of students through the implementation of the developed Mathematics module. This research use research and development design. Development carried out by referring to the 4-D model found by Tiagarajan is modified to 3-D including define, design, and develop. The subjects of this study are students of class VIIIB of SMP 2 Pajangan, Bantul Academic Year 2017 / 2018. The instruments used included Module assessment sheets, test instruments, questionnaire sheets, instrument validation sheets. The research data obtained is analyzed by descriptive percentage. The results show that the mathematics module based on DIY culture material Flat Side Space Building had fulfilled the eligibility criteria which included valid, effective, and practical. Valid based on expert judgment that shows the quality of worksheets is very good category with an ideal percentage of 85.7%. These results indicate that the Culture-based Mathematics module developed is suitable for use in the eighth grade mathematics learning in junior high school.
Open Ended Mathematical Problem Solving: an Analysis of Elementary Students’ Creative Thinking Abilities
Authors: Rudyanto Hendra Erik , Hadi Fida Rahmantika , Winanto Adi , Novianto Anwar , Hawa Anni Malihatul , Sari Yunita , Khoiriyah Ika Silfiana Arifatul , Santika Mita
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study is to describe the creative thinking ability of elementary school students in solving open-ended math problems. This type of research is qualitative that seeks to analyze students’ creative thinking ability (CTA) in solving open math problems. The subjects of the study were the 5th grade of elementary school students. Research subjects amounted to 3 students with different mathematical abilities. Data collection techniques include observation, tests, and interviews. Data analysis is done by data reduction, data presentation, and verification or conclusion. Data validity technique is done by triangulation of data source. The results showed that students with high and medium level mathematical ability have good creative thinking ability (CTA), whereas students with low category math ability have less creative thinking ability (CTA). Those results of this study can give an idea that the ability to think creatively needs attention in learning mathematics.
Singapore Bar Model Approach in Teaching Math VI
Authors: Bulac Remedios Canda
Published: November 2019

This experimental research was conducted to assess the effectiveness of using the Singapore Bar Model Approach in improving the Math performance of the 60 Grade VI pupils of Loboc Central Elementary School of the S.Y. 2016-2017. It also aimed to assess the acceptability level of the experimental respondents towards the Singapore Bar Model Approach in terms learning of objectives, learning outcomes, learning experiences and learning activities. This study also sought to determine the performances of the following: pretest and posttest of the experimental group taught using the Singapore Bar Model Approach and the control group using the traditional method, the significant difference of the pretest-posttest of the control group, pretest-posttest of the experimental group and the posttests of both groups. Relevant data were gathered and subjected to statistical treatment, analyzed and interpreted through the use of weighted mean and t-test. This study concluded that both the traditional method and the Singapore Bar Model approach were effective in improving the academic performances of the respective respondents. The experimental group also indicated a positive attitude towards the use of Singapore Bar Model approach. It is recommended that the Singapore Bar Model may be used as an alternate teaching approach especially in topics where it is more appropriate.
Development of Mathematics Module Based on M-APOS Learning Model to Improve Students’ Mathematical Problem Solving Ability
Authors: Saefudin Abdul Aziz , Aviori Koryna , Ayuningtyas Korinta
Published: November 2019

This research aimed to develop mathematics module based on M-APOS learning model to improving students mathematical problem-solving abilities grade VII. This research used the Research and Development (RnD) method. The development model used is Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation (ADDIE). Data collection techniques include observation techniques, questionnaires, and math problem-solving skills tests. The result of the research that the development of a mathematical module is based on the M-APOS learning model to improve mathematical problem-solving abilities in the quadrilateral material of class VII of Junior High School by fulfilling valid, practical and effective criteria.
On the Shock Source of Sustained Gamma-Ray Emission from the Sun
Authors: Gopalswamy N , Mäkelä P. , Yashiro S. , Lara A. , Akiyama S. , Xie H.
Published: November 2019

It has recently been shown that the spatially and temporally extended γ-ray emission in solar eruptions are caused by >300 MeV protons precipitating on the Sun from shocks driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs). The γ-rays result from the decay of neutral pions produced in the proton-proton interaction when the >300 MeV protons collide with those in the chromosphere. The evidence comes from the close correlation between the durations of the sustained gamma-ray emission (SGRE) and the associated interplanetary (IP) type II radio bursts. In this paper, we provide further evidence that support the idea that protons accelerated in IP shocks driven by CMEs propagate toward the Sun, precipitate in the chromosphere to produce the observed SGRE. We present the statistical properties of the SGRE events and the associated CMEs, flares, and type II radio bursts. It is found that the SGRE CMEs are similar to those associated with ground level enhancement events. The CME speed is well correlated with the SGRE fluence. High CME speed is an important requirement for the occurrence of SGRE, while the flare size is not. Based on these results, we present a schematic model illustrating the spatially and temporally extended nature of SGRE related to the CME flux rope-shock structure.
Implications of the Voyager 1 and 2 Particle and Field Observations around their respective Heliopause Crossings
Authors: Intriligator D S , Miller W D , Intriligator J , Webber W
Published: November 2019

The numerous contrasts between the Voyager 1 particle and field observations around its heliopause crossing in 2012 and the corresponding observations by Voyager 2 in late 2018 and the beginning of 2019 are consistent with understanding the heliopause itself as the separator between the solar system magnetic field and the interstellar medium magnetic field, at a location that varies in response both to short-term effects of plasma instabilities and longer-term bulk motions of the heliosheath. Plasma flows in the respective regions provide a framework for explaining the observed decreases with heliopause distance of the count rates of both solar system solar and anomalous cosmic rays diffusing outward from the heliopause and galactic cosmic rays diffusing inward. Formation of excited hydrogen atoms by chargeexchange collisions in interstellar plasma displaced and accelerated (as described in the discussion of solar system cosmic rays) by the motion of the heliosphere provides a mechanism for producing recently recognized anomalous Lyman alpha emissions around the front of the heliosphere. We discuss the consequent possibility of previously unobserved Lyman alpha emissions associated with shock propagation in the local interstellar medium.
Nanodust in the Heliosphere
Authors: Ip Wing-Huen , Lai Ian-Lin , Shen Fang
Published: November 2019

The NASA Parker Solar Probe and the ESA Solar Orbiter will explore the source region of the solar wind within 20 solar radii. Their unprecedented in-situ measurements are also expected to shed light on the nature of the F-corona and the existence of a halo of nanodust. Such a dust complex might play an important role in the generation of high-speed nanodust grains and the inner-source pickup ions. A brief summary of previous works on this topic is given here to be followed by a sketch on a plan to integrate MHD simulation of solar wind flow dynamics, orbital motion of charged nanodust and the production of energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) in the interplanetary space.
An empirically-based model of the upstream heliopause and outer heliosheath - Current status
Authors: Isenberg Philip A. , Kucharek Harald
Published: November 2019

We describe a simplified model of the outer heliosheath upstream of the heliopause in an attempt to extract the heliosheath properties from the IBEX-Lo neutral He observations. The distribution of incident He on the sky shows a primary beam surrounded by an irregular cloud of secondary particles. These secondaries are generated by charge-exchange interactions between the neutral primary beam, carrying the properties of the distant interstellar medium, and the nearby interstellar plasma that is deflected around the obstacle posed by the heliosphere. We construct an analytical model for the plasma flow around an arbitrarily-shaped obstacle and compute the resulting distribution of neutral He at IBEX, to compare with the observed He fluxes. Here, we report on the current status of this modelling effort.
Energetic Particle Acceleration in Shearing Flows
Authors: Rieger Frank M.
Published: November 2019

Shear flows are ubiquitously present in space and astrophysical plasmas, and are known to be conducive to the acceleration of energetic charged particles. In particular, for relativistic flow speeds, efficient Fermi-type particle acceleration can be achieved, capable of producing momentum power-law particle distributions and sustaining energetic particles all along the shear. This paper reviews some of the key results concerning the stochastic acceleration of energetic particles in gradual shear flows and reports on some recent developments in the field.
A possible explanation for the enhancement of energetic particles downstream of the heliospheric termination shock
Authors: Zhao L L , Zank G P , Adhikari L
Published: November 2019

Voyager 2 observations of the energetic particle “time-intensity” profiles from ~1.8 to ~40 MeV show that the flux peaks downstream of the heliospheric termination shock (HTS), which is inconsistent with the predictions of classical diffusive shock acceleration (DSA). Previous studies suggest that shocks are effective in generating downstream magnetic flux ropes, islands or plasmoids. These dynamically interacting small-scale structures can accelerate charged particles statistically through reconnection-related processes. We present a preliminary study of the magnetic field and plasma properties together with the energetic particle data during the V2 crossing of the HTS. We apply a local stochastic acceleration model associated with solar wind magnetic island dynamics to explain the unusual behavior of energetic particles observed in the vicinity of the HTS. An analytic solution for the particle velocity distribution function derived from the Zank et al. statistical transport theory is used to fit the observed particle flux amplification downstream of the HTS. The results show that stochastic acceleration by interacting magnetic islands can successfully predict the observed (i) peaking of particle intensities behind the HTS, instead of at the shock front; (ii) increasing of the particle flux amplification factor with increasing particle energy; and (iii) increase in distance between the particle intensity peak and the HTS with increasing particle energy; This study illustrates the possibility of local acceleration in the inner heliosheath due to the dynamical interaction of magnetic islands.
Design of an Autonomous Underwater Maintenance Dredger: A teaser to the maritime industry
Authors: Hijdra R M J , van der Harst S
Published: November 2019

A hopper dredger was chosen as a first autonomous concept design, since dredgers, next to Offshore and Passenger Vessels, are part of C-Job Naval Architects’ main market segments. By submerging a Trailing Suction Hopper Dredger (TSHD) a major benefit was identified in ship’s resistance and required vacuum for the dredge pump. The first aspect due to reduction in wave making and -breaking resistance, the second due to reduced suction depth relative to the pump. In addition, an increased part of the ship’s volume would generate displacement resulting in additional payload and a new arrangement of the vessel could be created resulting in a reduction in overall hull girder loads and reduced steel weight. To prove these insights, a comparative study was performed between a conventional, manned TSHD and the Autonomous Underwater Maintenance Dredger (AUMD). During this study the following aspects were quantified: hydrodynamic resistance, power requirements, sustainable power supply, general arrangement, redundancy / maintenance. The operational profile of the conventional TSHD, was used as a reference for the new concept. The developed concept showed very promising, both from operational as well as sustainability point of view. Some of the key benefits of the design are reduced dredge pump power (2x175 kw versus 2x675 kW), reduced propulsion power (2x575 kW versus 2x1100 kW), low OPEX, zero emission power supply and reduced hull girder loads. Amongst others, based on this concept design, C-Job feels strongly that Autonomous vessels have an enormous potential on (operational) improvements for ship operators. Not only by omitting the ship’s crew, but by fully utilizing the opportunities this presents.
Biodosimetric Studies for Ballast Water Treatment
Authors: Li H.Y. , Osman H. , Kang C.W. , Lou J. , Ba T.
Published: November 2019

Ultraviolet (UV) reactor for ballast water treatment is investigated in this paper. Experimental and numerical simulations are performed for a base reactor named LBW850e. B. Pumilus is chosen as a challenge organism in the experiments. Simulation is carried out based on the commercial software ANSYS FLUENT with user defined functions implemented. The effects of water flow rate and UV transmittance (UVT) on the UV reactor performance in terms of reduction equivalent dose (RED) are studied. The results show that the increase of water flow rate reduces RED. While RED increases with the increase of UVT. The experimental and simulation results show reasonable agreement with each other. With this achieved, the numerical model developed in the current work can be applied to other reactors.
Considerations on the regulatory issues for realization of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships
Authors: Shiokari Megumi , Ota Susumu
Published: November 2019

The Maritime Safety Committee of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) agreed to include a new agenda item “Regulatory Scoping Exercise (RSE) for the use of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS)” in order to determine how the safe, secure and environmentally sound operation of MASS may be introduced in the regulations. The first step of the RSE is a review of the IMO instruments to identify the provisions which prevent MASS operations or which may need amendments or clarifications. The authors, as representatives of Japan, undertook the initial review of Chapters II-2, VI and VII of the annex to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea and associated codes. As a result, it was revealed that there were a lot of provisions which required manual operations and actions by personnel. To realize MASS without persons on board, appropriate alternative safety measures are needed, taking into account the intentions of the existing regulations. Also, another concept for fire safety and emergency procedures for carriage of cargoes could be introduced, taking into account the reduction of risks owing to absence of persons on board when the cargo does not include any harmful substances for marine environment.
From Manoeuvre Assistance to Manoeuvre Automation
Authors: Schubert Agnes U. , Kurowski Martin , Damerius Robert , Fischer Sandro , Gluch Michael , Baldauf Michael , Jeinsch Torsten
Published: November 2019

One of the greatest challenges in shipping automation is the automatic manoeuvring in areas with high safety standards which are executed today exclusively by nautical officers with appropriate expertise. Precise manoeuvre plans and suitable control solutions are missing because the human operators act according their mental strategies. The presented approach for automated manoeuvring primarily bases on a complex dynamic motion model of a specific vessel. This model is adapted and used to plan a complete manoeuvre sequence considering the common nautical guidelines and the vessel characteristics. The resulting digital manoeuvre plan forms the basis for the assistance during manual manoeuvring as well as the automatic manoeuvring. Prognosticated weather conditions can be involved already during the planning. For automatic manoeuvring, the deduced manoeuvre trajectory is implemented into the feed-forward part of velocity control. The entire control structure is cascaded in outer trajectory controller and inner velocity controller. The described approach was successfully applied for large vessels in ship handling simulator for automatic collision avoidance and port manoeuvres.
On estimating the hydrodynamic coefficients and environmental loads for a free-running vessel in waves
Authors: Yiew Lucas J. , Jin Yuting , Magee Allan R.
Published: November 2019

This paper is a first attempt to develop real-time methods to accurately and reliably simulate vessel manoeuvring in waves. In this paper, hydrodynamic coefficients for the benchmark KCS hull are estimated using URANS-CFD generated manoeuvres in regular waves. Added resistances are derived from a potential-flow based solver over a range of incidence angles, wavelengths, and Froude numbers. These estimated wave loads, together with rudder and propeller forces are prescribed in a mathematical manoeuvring model. A state-augmented extended Kalman filter is applied to estimate the remaining hull coefficients, with empirically derived coefficients used as initial state estimates. Calm water cases are also investigated for comparison. Estimated coefficients using manoeuvres in waves show reasonable agreement with reference values. The methods discussed in this paper will eventually lead to robust control strategies for remotely-controlled and autonomous navigation under realistic environmental conditions.
NYK’s Approach for Autonomous Navigation – Structure of Action Planning System and Demonstration Experiments
Authors: Kutsuna Koji , Ando Hideyuki , Nakashima Takuya , Kuwahara Satoru , Nakamura Shinya
Published: November 2019

NYK Line and its group companies have been conducting research projects towards autonomous ship operation. This paper shows the structure of our Action Planning System (APS), which integrates several support functions with man-machine interface, targeted at supporting decision making for seafarers. By conducting risk assessment with reference to class guidelines for autonomous ships, the safety of APS is verified. This paper also introduces our demonstration experiment of this system, which will be conducted in FY2019.
Design and build of a scale model unmanned inland cargo vessel: actuation and control architecture
Authors: Peeters G , Catoor T , Afzal M R , Kotze M , Geenen P , Baelen S Van , Vanierschot M , Boonen R , Slaets P
Published: November 2019

This study describes the actuation design and construction of an unmanned scale model inland vessel of type CEMT-I. This proposed design could help to increase the competitiveness of smaller inland vessels which are slowly diminishing. Moreover, this idea aligns with the ambition of the European Commission to increase the cargo flow over waterborne transport. Therefore, this study scaled down a recently designed barge of the European project Watertruck+. These barges have a 360-degrees-steerable steering grid in the bow together with a 360-degrees-steerable four-channel thruster at the stern. This configuration unlocks new and more advanced motion control possibilities compared to conventional actuation systems. The performance of this actuation design, at different propeller speeds and angles, was experimentally identified for the scale model. Furthermore, the implemented back-seat driver control paradigm is discussed at its two levels of implementation. Firstly, the lowest level control, to reach certain desired sytem states, is shown. Secondly, the higher level control, the autonomy system provided by the MOOS-IvP software, is discussed and its interaction with the low level control is demonstrated. The authors believe that the combination of this actuation and control design can unlock new cargo transport opportunities for the European inland waterways.
Optimal Maneuvering and Control of Cooperative Vessels within Harbors
Authors: Gehrt J.J. , Zweigel R. , Roy S. , Büskens C. , Kurowski M. , Jeinsch T. , Schubert A. , Gluch M. , Simanski O. , Pairet-Garcia E. , Bruhn W. , Diegel F. , Abel D.
Published: November 2019

The publication on hand presents the ongoing developments of a networked control system for maritime application within the joint project GALILEOnautic 2. It is based on the joint project GALILEOnautic, where a system was developed which enables cooperative maneuvering of networked vessels in a harbor environment. The present paper focuses on the planned automation of the research ship DENEB of the German Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH), and discusses the planned evaluation szenario. Therefore, it introduces the required extensions of predecessor system concepts to act on a level close to industrial application. The algorithms will be extended, such that they are capable to a higher number of participating networked ships, are more reliable and can handle error situations. Furthermore, the original cooperative network depended concept will be transferred to a single ship, such that autonomous ships can be integrated in conventional harbor traffic. The design of real-world experiments with an autonomous operating DENEB in the harbor of Rostock are discussed.
Preliminary hazard analysis of a small harbor passenger ferry – results, challenges and further work
Authors: Thieme Christoph A. , Guo Chuanqi , Utne Ingrid B. , Haugen Stein
Published: November 2019

The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), is currently designing a small autonomous passenger ferry for up to 12 passengers. The ferry will bridge a harbor channel in Trondheim, Norway. This paper presents the results of the preliminary hazard analysis conducted in the early design phase of the ferry. The main hazards and envisioned risk reduction measures are associated with software failure, failure of communication system, both internal and external, traffic in the channel, especially kayaks, passenger handling, and monitoring, and weather conditions. In addition, this paper summarizes practical challenges encountered in the ferry project. These challenges are related to available hazard and risk analysis methods and data, determining and establishing an equivalent safety level, and some of the prescriptive regulations currently in use by the Norwegian Maritime Authority. The presented analysis and identified challenges may assist other, similar projects designing and developing autonomous vessels.
AJA method and AJA Canvas as a Design Tool for marine Autonomous Operations with a test case scenario: the detection, inspection and tracking of a waste-water plume
Authors: Vagia Marialena , Grøtli Esten Ingar , Haugli Fredrik Bakkevig , Bjerkeng Magnus , Johansen Gorm
Published: November 2019

Autonomous marine operations are difficult to plan, design and perform. Additionally, the complexity of these operations is increasing as they often include more than one vehicle. The AJA (Autonomous Job Analysis) method is a structured approach to gathering the necessary information from experts in order to plan and design an autonomous marine operation and document these facts to make the scope of the operation understood by all stakeholders. This paper presents additional methods that enhance AJA. First, the AJA canvas: a visual tool for organising the information obtained by AJA in a concise way. Secondly, a structured format for writing measurable requirements extracted from the AJA process to help in the design of the operation. Lastly, the tools are demonstrated on a test case scenario where several vehicles will collaborate in order to detect and map a plume of contaminated water from a wastewater facility outlet.
Comparing Spectral Bands for Object Detection at Sea using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Stets Jonathan D. , Schöller Frederik E. T. , Plenge-Feidenhans’l Martin K. , Andersen Rasmus H. , Hansen Søren , Blanke Mogens
Published: November 2019

This study compares spectral bands for object detection at sea using a convolutional neural network (CNN). Specifically, images in three spectral bands are targeted: long wavelength infrared (LWIR), near-infrared (NIR) and visible range. Using a calibrated camera setup, a large set of images for each of the spectral bands are captured with the same field of view. The image sets are then used to train and validate a CNN for object detection to evaluate the performance in the different bands. Prediction performance is employed as a quality assessment and is put in a navigational perspective. The result is a quantitative evaluation that reveals the strengths and weaknesses of using different spectral bands individually or in combination for autonomous navigation at sea. The analysis covers two object classes of particular importance for safe navigation.
A Public API Supporting Autonomous Navigation
Authors: Berge S P , Hagaseth M , Bø T I
Published: November 2019

This paper presents a public API proposed for autonomous maritime operations where several moving and fixed objects are involved using wireless communication solutions. The API ensures that high-level data can be exchanged without knowing details of the underlaying implementation. The data will be available for 3rd party vendors to connect their applications and equipment to the proposed framework for data exchange. The high-level data covers information about the object’s geometry, the object’s uncertainty zone (position uncertainty zone), sensor data, communication solutions and different operational zones (restrictions) dependent on the actual operation and its states. A common data model defining the necessary data, its meaning and their relationships are needed to ensure correct usage of the data across applications and equipment from several vendors. In addition, required functions and services are defined based on the Hull-to-Hull pilot system developed in the Horizon 2020 project “Hull-to-Hull”. The paper also presents a chat application that transmitts small messages between several ships by using the defined services and data formats.
Towards automated identification of ice features for surface vessels using deep learning
Authors: Kim E , Panchi N , Dahiya G S
Published: November 2019

Ship traffic in ice exposed areas is increasing, and ice navigation is largely a manual task. Despite the progress in machine learning and computer vision algorithms, little focus has been given to computer-aided scene understanding in icy waters to help modernize navigational support systems. This work lays the foundation for the automated identification of ice for surface vessels using modern deep learning (DL) algorithms. The focus is on locating and classifying multiple ice objects within images from a surface vessel travelling through icy waters. The following categories of surface ice features are considered: level-ice, deformed ice, broken-ice, icebergs, floebergs, floebits, icefloes, pancake-ice, and brash-ice. In the first phase, we used DL algorithms to classify the ice objects in an image. For this task, seven state-of-the-art residual network (ResNet) models have been tested and include ResNet18, ResNet34, ResNet50, SE_ResNet50, Xception-Cadene, Inception-v4, and Inception-ResNet-v2. During the second phase, we used DL algorithms to locate and classify ice objects. For these tasks, we used the UNet architecture combined with conditional random fields (CRFs) and analysed the effects of using fully connected CRF and convolutional CRF. We have trained and validated the models using the close-range optical ice imagery, and then the promising models were used to classify and locate the different ice features in images from the bridge of the US Coast Guard icebreaker Healy and the nuclear-powered icebreaker 50 Let Pobedy. This paper provides the main findings and lessons that were learned from the execution of this study.
An Experimental Result on Information Exchange using USV Communication Relay System
Authors: Namgung H. , Jeong Jung Sik , Choi Jo-cheon , Geun-ung Kim , Sun-Young Kim
Published: November 2019

In order to safely operate the Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV) at sea, it is necessary to communicate with Vessel Traffic System (VTS) for information delivery and also manned ship for collision avoidance. For this reason, the communication relay system was designed to enable navigation information exchange in a dedicated communication network via the Maritime Control Station (MCS). However, communication experiment at sea was not conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of the USV communication relay system. In order to validate, experimental scenario was composed of the USV voice relay system according to navigation stages, and communication experiment was conducted in Mokpo sea area. A result of experiment based on the SINPO (Signal strength, Interference, Noise, Propagation, and Overall rating) code described in Document REC. ITU-R SM. 1135, overall rating was good.
Development of location tracking system via short message service (SMS) based on GPS unblox neo-6m and sim 800l module
Authors: Kharisma Oktaf B , Dzikra A A , Mustakim  , Vebrianto Rian , Novita Rice , Hasbullah  , Irawati  , Novita Yulia , Zaitun  , Nazir Alwis , Iskandar Iwan , Vitriani Yelfi , Rehayati Rina , Andriani Tuti
Published: November 2019

The development of technology has increasingly sophisticated and has a positive influence on human life. The location tracking system that is currently overgrowing in the world of technology is required to be able to serve consumers until consumers can benefit from the technology. Given the number of thefts in Indonesia is currently increasing and the need for a security system that can work continuously automatically. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to make the location tracking system as expected by the community. Based on the testing that has been done on the tool and see the purpose of this research, it can be concluded that this tool has been tested and can be used to help secure systems to track valuable tools such as motorcycles, bags, cars, etc. based on Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates sent by SIM 800L module to numbers destination of cellphone.
Conservation Strategy of a vulnerable species of ‘Rosewood’ (Dalbergia latifolia Roxb) by Insect Pollinator Identification
Authors: Damaiyani Janis , Prabowo Heri
Published: November 2019

Rosewood (Dalbergia latifolia Roxb) is a vulnerable species with quality and commercial timbers. Hence, a conservation is necessary to prevent rosewood from extinction in the near future. Information on insect pollinators is fundamental for initiating the rosewood conservation in wildlife. Insect pollinators are highly beneficial to bring fertilization. This research aims to identify the insect pollinators on rosewood plants. The research was implemented in Purwodadi Botanic Garden used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replication. This research conducted when the flowers bloomed in September 2018 starting from 07.00 – 11.00 am. The insect abundance was calculated via a scoring method. The observation showed 5 types of the visiting insect pollinators in the rosewood collection of the Purwodadi Botanic Garden. Such five types of insects include Xylocarpa confusa, X. fenestrate, X. iridipennis, Apis cerrana, and Polistes metricus In term of the level of abundance, there are two species of pollinators found, namely X. confusa and A. cerana. Among the two, X. confusa is the most dominating species of pollinators on rosewood of around 25 bees. In accordance with the results of the research, it is necessary to develop a conservation strategy of X. confusa for rosewood in wildlife. One method of conserving the pollinator is by establishing a habitat to support the pollinators’ lives. The existence of X. confusa and A. cerana can preserve rosewood plants and save them from extinction.
Earthquake Hazard Perception Of The Education Stakeholders In Sukabumi Regency, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Muslim Dicky , Zakaria Zufialdi , Sophian Irvan , Haerani Evi , Yamaoka Satoshi
Published: November 2019

The western part of Java is adjacent to the intersection of major tectonic plates between Eurasia and Indo-Australia. This region is often stricken by natural disasters due to its tectonic and geological setting, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, floods, and landslides. West Java Province with more than 40 million inhabitants is the most populous region in Indonesia, where Sukabumi Regency in the southwestern part of this province is known for the frequent location of earthquake. In the southwestern part of Sukabumi Regency, the Ciletuh-Pelabuhan Ratu Geopark has been recognized as one of the newest UNESCO Global Geopark. This study concerns about assignment of Geopark area, which will increase the visit of tourists despite its vulnerable condition to earthquake event. Schools as part of education sector in the study area are functioned as central location for people-based education as well as shelter when disaster happens. This paper is aimed to reveal the perception of earthquake hazard and knowledge among school community as disaster stakeholders. This study is carried out on schools near the vulnerable areas to earthquake events. Several schools had been visited and examined the curriculum, disaster preparedness for earthquake, and mitigation activities. The earthquake brochures and GIS-based vulnerability maps were distributed to students and school’s library. Discussion about the maps with the teachers and students are conducted to examine the understanding of contents as well as to obtain their perception about earthquake. Results showed that earthquake vulnerability map increased the knowledge and gained positive perception on how to respond during earthquake event because initially most of participants were unaware what to do when earthquake happen. This result suggests that dissemination and improvement on perception to respond the earthquake are deeply needed. The school community as disaster stakeholder can play an important role on community-based disaster risk mitigation.
Fracture Zone Analysis Based On Property Electrical Borehole Image Log And Geomechanic Geothermal Field Solok, West Sumatra
Authors: Agustin Friska , Abdullah Chalid Idham , Palabiran Merandy , Sulastri Asti
Published: November 2019

Prospective area of Solok geothermal lies in step over transtensional between two segments, Suliti and Siulak, Sumatra faults. Geological structure in this prospect area shows structural pattern controlled by “oblique divergent strike-slip fault system” (releasing bend) as a proceed of embraced movement from Sumatra fault and establishes “dilation zone” between those two segments, forming negative flower structure in direction of NW-SE and N-S. The pattern of geological structure is predicted to control the availability of solok geothermal system which in this case related to presence of surface manifestation. The pattern of geological structure is predicted to control the availability of solok geothermal system which in this case related to presence of surface manifestation. Surface manifestation indicates good permeability zone that can be used as flow path of geothermal fluid from reservoir.