bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do Housing Vouchers Improve Academic Performance? Evidence from New York City
Authors: Schwartz Amy Ellen , Horn Keren Mertens , Ellen Ingrid Gould , Cordes Sarah A.
Published: December 2019

The Housing Choice Voucher program is currently the largest federally funded housing assistance program. Although the program aims to provide housing assistance, it also could affect children's educational outcomes by stabilizing their families, enabling them to move to better homes, neighborhoods, and schools, and increasing their disposable incomes. Using data from New York City, the nation's largest school district, we examine whether—and to what extent—housing vouchers improve educational outcomes for students whose families receive them. We match over 88,000 school‐age voucher recipients to longitudinal public school records and estimate the impact of vouchers on academic performance through a comparison of students’ performance on standardized tests after voucher receipt to their pre‐voucher performance. We exploit the conditionally random timing of voucher receipt to estimate a causal model. Results indicate that students in voucher households perform 0.05 standard deviations better in both English Language Arts and Mathematics in the years after they receive a voucher. We see significant racial differences in impacts, with small or no gains for black students but significant gains for Hispanic, Asian, and white students. Impacts appear to be driven largely by reduced rent burdens, increased disposable income, or a greater sense of residential security.
Quantum Dots Luminescence Collection Enhancement and Nanoscopy by Dielectric Microspheres
Authors: Biccari Francesco , Hamilton Travis , Ristori Andrea , Sanguinetti Stefano , Bietti Sergio , Gurioli Massimo , Mohseni Hooman
Published: December 2019

In recent years, dielectric microspheres have been used in conjunction with optical microscopes to beat the diffraction limit and to obtain superresolution imaging. The use of microspheres on quantum dots (QDs) is investigated, for the first time, to enhance the light coupling efficiency. The enhancement of the QD luminescence collection in terms of extraction and directionality is demonstrated, as well as the enhancement of spatial resolution. In particular, it is found that a dielectric microsphere, placed on top of an epitaxial QD, increases the collected radiant energy by about a factor of 42, when a low numerical aperture objective is used. Moreover, if two or more QDs are present below the microsphere, the modification of the far field emission pattern allows selective collection of the luminescence from a single QD by simply changing the collection angle. Dielectric microspheres present a simple and efficient tool to improve the QD spectroscopy, and potentially QD‐based devices.
A variable mosquito flying optimization‐based hybrid artificial neural network model for the alarm tuning of process fault detection systems
Authors: Alauddin Md , Khan Faisal , Imtiaz Syed , Ahmed Salim
Published: December 2019

Chemical process systems are becoming extremely complex due to increased automation, heat and mass intensification, and expectation of higher efficiency. Many fault detection and diagnostic methods have been proposed for processing facilities. However, managing the missed alarm rate and the false alarm rate (FAR) in the detection and isolation of the fault is crucial in the complex process systems. This work presents a new data‐driven fault detection model using an artificial neural network (ANN) and variable mosquito flying optimization (V‐MFO) technique. The model is based on the optimization of the number of neurons in the hidden layer of the neural network. Subsequently, the model parameters have been tuned using the V‐MFO algorithm for maximizing the fault detection rate (FDR) while minimizing the FAR. The proposed fault detection method has been implemented on the Tennessee Eastman benchmark process. The performance of the proposed model has been evaluated in terms of accuracy, FDR and FAR against well‐known statistical‐based methods such as principal component analysis (PCA), kernel PCA, semiparametric PCA, modified independent component analysis, k nearest neighbors, linear discriminant analysis, support vector machine, and the ANN. The model is observed to be competitive for fault detection among the test algorithms. It recorded slightly improved accuracy and FDR. The proposed model also resulted in 0.6% improvement in the FAR and 8% improvement in missed detection rate compared to the simple ANN. This method provides an efficient fault detection tool for complex process systems.
Estimated exposure to glyphosate in humans via environmental, occupational, and dietary pathways: an updated review of the scientific literature
Authors: Solomon Keith R
Published: December 2019

Glyphosate is one of the most widely used herbicides in the world, but it has also been the focus of discussion and restrictions in several countries since it was declared ‘probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A)’ by the International Agency for Research on Cancer in 2015. Since that time, several regulatory agencies have reviewed the public literature and guideline studies submitted for regulatory purposes and have concluded that it is not a carcinogen, and revised acceptable daily intakes (ADIs) and the reference dose (RfD) have been published. Also, restrictions on use have been lifted in many locations. Risk assessment for any pesticide requires knowledge of exposure in humans and the environment, and this paper is an update on a previous review in 2016 and includes papers published after 2016. These exposure data for air, water, bystanders, the general public, domesticated animals, pets, and applicators were combined and compared to the revised exposure criteria published by regulatory agencies. In all cases, measured and estimated systemic exposures to glyphosate in humans and animals were less than the ADIs and the RfD. Based on this large dataset, these exposures represent a de minimis risk. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Shared governance: A challenge for registrars
Authors: Parks Rodney , Taylor Alexander
Published: December 2019

Shared governance, a term that is garnering more attention in higher education, is often described as a balancing act between faculty, staff, and administration's participation in planning and decision‐making processes. However, over the last few years, systems of shared governance have evolved to include more and more representation in the decision‐making process.
Report shows many students return to college after not completing the first time
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: December 2019

Currently, 36 million Americans have attended college but have not earned a credential and are not enrolled. Among the approximately 2 million people who enter postsecondary education each year, one‐third are no longer enrolled and have earned no formal credential eight years later.
sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio and timing of delivery in early‐onset fetal growth restriction with antegrade umbilical artery flow
Authors: Quezada M. S. , Rodríguez‐Calvo J. , Villalaín C. , Gómez‐Arriaga P. I. , Galindo A. , Herraiz I.
Published: December 2019

Objective

To analyze the value of the soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1/placental growth factor (sFlt‐1/PlGF) ratio in predicting the time to delivery in early‐onset fetal growth restriction (FGR) with preserved antegrade umbilical artery (UA) flow at diagnosis.

Methods

This was a prospective observational single‐center cohort study of pregnancies with early‐onset (< 32 + 0 weeks) FGR and antegrade UA flow, in which maternal serum sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio was determined at diagnosis. FGR was defined as estimated fetal weight < 3rd centile or < 10th centile with UA pulsatility index > 95th centile, fetal middle cerebral artery pulsatility index < 5th centile or cerebroplacental ratio < 5th centile. The previously described sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio cut‐off value of 85 for facilitating the diagnosis of pre‐eclampsia was assessed in the prediction of the need to deliver in < 1 week and ≥ 4 weeks.

Results

In total, 120 cases were included. There were 116 (96.7%) liveborn neonates and 108 (90.0%) perinatal survivors. Median (interquartile range (IQR)) gestational age at diagnosis of early‐onset FGR was 27.1 (25.7–29.4) weeks. Median (IQR) sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio at diagnosis was 196 (84–474). Ninety (75.0%) cases had a sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio ≥ 85. Among pregnancies with a liveborn neonate, median (IQR) interval to delivery in the groups with sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio < 85 and ≥ 85 was 41 (22–54) days and 11 (4–20) days, respectively (P < 0.01). The probability of having to deliver within 1 week after diagnosis was 0% and 35.6% in those with sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio < 85 and ≥ 85, respectively (P = 0.03), and the probability of delaying delivery for ≥ 4 weeks was 72.4% and 19.5%, respectively (P < 0.01).

Conclusion

sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio < 85 at diagnosis of early‐onset FGR with antegrade UA flow identifies a group of pregnancies in which the need to deliver within 1 week is very low and the interval to delivery is expected to be prolonged for ≥ 4 weeks in > 70% of cases. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Medicalizing the Disclosure of Mental Health: Transnational Perspectives of Ethical Workplace Policy Among Healthcare Workers
Authors: Rauch Susan
Published: December 2019

The disclosure of mental health conditions in the health‐care workplace is a global concern that presents many challenges during the prehiring and posthiring process. Even more concerning is the transnational variance in workforce policy that stigmatizes and marginalizes prospective employees who disclose mental health conditions, even those who are not substance abusers or addicts. In the United States, nurses who disclose mental health diagnoses are expected to enroll in substance abuse monitoring or peer assistant programs designed specifically for and mostly attended by addicts. Comparatively, global perspectives indicate that the (non)disclosure of mental health in the workplace is similarly stigmatized and medicalized, aka inappropriately labeled. This paper examines the medicalization of mental health workplace policy from a global perspective (United States, Australia, and New Zealand). Online narratives are presented as examples that question and criticize the social justice of medical workforce policies including the consequences of (non)disclosure.
Ethos Prototypes: The Intersection of Rhetoric, Cognition, and Communicating Health Policy Internationally
Authors: St.Amant Kirk
Published: December 2019

Effective health and medical policy implementation in international contexts is a complex process. Success often reflects effective communication practices. Credibility is often a key to achieving such objectives. Cultures, however, can have differing credibility expectations that can affect these communication and policy implementation processes. Individuals working in such contexts can benefit from mechanisms that can facilitate credible communication in health and medical policy contexts. This entry overviews one such mechanism, that of ethos prototypes.
Weather, War, and Chaos: Richardson’s Encounter with Molecules and Nations
Authors: Scheffran Jürgen
Published: December 2019

Richardson’s pioneering work on modeling conflict and arms races has demonstrated that mathematics can contribute to peace and conflict research, using system dynamics and stability conceptions to study both nature and society. Drawing from limitations and extensions of Richardson’s model, including decision rules and chaos in arms races, an integrated modeling framework of social interaction among multiple agents is presented to study conflict phenomena in a complex world. Conditions for instability and chaos are discussed, potentially leading to arms races and violent conflicts, as well as transitions between conflict and cooperation. The model offers a basis for insights into the analysis of potential relationships of natural resources and climate change with social stability and conflict, building bridges between Richardson’s research in atmospheric sciences and his work on peace and conflict.
When Lanchester Met Richardson: The Interaction of Warfare with Psychology
Authors: MacKay Niall
Published: December 2019

Simple dynamical systems, in the spirit of Richardson’s arms race, can be used to investigate the core dynamics of various models of insurgent and multilateral war. This chapter describes two such models. The first combines Richardson’s two-nation arms race with Lanchester’s attrition model and Deitchman’s guerrilla variant of it to create a model in which the typical long-term outcome is neither annihilation nor escalation but rather a stable fixed point, a stalemate. The scaling it implies for the force required to defeat an insurgency matches that which has been observed. The second model is of multilateral attritional war, in the spirit of Richardson’s multinational arms race. We describe the case of three antagonists, whose objective is to win but, if they cannot win, to minimize their remaining opponents. In contrast to truels and triads in which the objective is survival, and the weakest actor often emerges in a position of surprising strength, here the outcome is mutual annihilation, unless one side can beat the others put together.
Constraints on scalar leptoquarks from lepton and kaon physics
Authors: Mandal Rusa , Pich Antonio
Published: December 2019

Abstract

We present a comprehensive analysis of low-energy signals of hypothetical scalar leptoquark interactions in lepton and kaon transitions. We derive the most general effective four-fermion Lagrangian induced by tree-level scalar leptoquark exchange and identify the Wilson coefficients predicted by the five possible types of scalar leptoquarks. The current constraints on the leptoquark Yukawa couplings arising from lepton and kaon processes are worked out, including also loop-induced transitions with only leptons (or quarks) as external states. In the presence of scalar leptoquark interactions, we also derive the differential distributions for flavour-changing neutral-current transitions in semileptonic kaon modes, including all known effects within the Standard Model. Their interference with the new physics contributions could play a significant role in future improvements of those constraints that are currently hampered by poorly-determined non-perturbative parameters.
Process selection methodology for near net shape manufacturing
Authors: Marini Daniele , Corney Jonathan R.
Published: December 2019

This paper presents a new selection methodology that for the first time supports the identification of Near Net Shape (NNS) processes. The methodology, known as “Product, Geometry, Manufacturing and Materials Matching” (ProGeMa3), is composed of four steps, which aim to minimize raw material usage and machining by adopting a NNS approach. A key component of the methodology is the Process Selection Matrix (ProSMa) that associates a component’s shape and production volume with its material requirements to reduce the number of candidate NNS processes. A final selection is then made from this shortlist by using fuzzy logic and considering other constraints and functional requirements. The ProGeMa3 selection process is illustrated by its application to an industrial component that resulted in changes to the processes used for its commercial manufacture. The ProGeMa3 and ProSMa presented in this paper aspires to be current and comprehensive for solid metallic components produced by casting, forging and additive technologies. However, ProSMa is also accessible as an open source resource available for other researcher to extend and adapt.
Characterization of the ferret TRB locus guided by V, D, J, and C gene expression analysis
Authors: Gerritsen Bram , Pandit Aridaman , Zaaraoui-Boutahar Fatiha , van den Hout Mirjam C. G. N. , van IJcken Wilfred F. J. , de Boer Rob J. , Andeweg Arno C.
Published: December 2019

The domestic ferret, Mustela putorius furo, is an important mammalian animal model to study human respiratory infection. However, insufficient genomic annotation hampers detailed studies of ferret T cell responses. In this study, we analyzed the published T cell receptor beta (TRB) locus and performed high-throughput sequencing (HTS) of peripheral blood of four healthy adult ferrets to identify expressed V, D, J, and C genes. The HTS data is used as a guide to manually curate the expressed V, D, J, and C genes. The ferret locus appears to be most similar to that of the dog. Like other mammalian TRB loci, the ferret TRB locus contains a library of variable genes located upstream of two D-J-C gene clusters, followed by a (in the ferret non-functional) V gene with an inverted transcriptional orientation. All TRB genes (expressed or not) reported here have been approved by the IMGT/WHO-IUIS nomenclature committee.
Can social and emotional learning improve children’s academic progress? Findings from a randomised controlled trial of the Promoting Alternative Thinking Strategies (PATHS) curriculum
Authors: Hennessey Alexandra , Humphrey Neil
Published: December 2019

Despite the significant evidence base demonstrating the positive impact of the Promoting Alternative Thinking Strategies (PATHS) curriculum on children’s social-emotional and mental health outcomes, there has been very little research on its efficacy in improving academic attainment. More generally, the relationship between implementation variability and PATHS intervention outcomes has been underexplored. A cluster-randomised controlled trial with two arms: intervention (PATHS – 23 schools) and control (usual practice – 22 schools) was implemented to assess the impact of PATHS on English and Mathematics for children in years 5 (aged 9–10 years,n= 1705 pupils) and 6 (aged 10–11 years,n= 1631 pupils) in English primary schools. Two-level hierarchical linear models (school, child) were used to assess both primary ‘intention-to-treat’ effects and secondary ‘subgroup’ effects (for children eligible for free school meals). Additionally, the moderating role of implementation variability was assessed in 31 year 5 (n= 712 pupils) and 32 year 6 (n= 732 pupils) classes across the 23 intervention schools, with fidelity, dosage, quality/responsiveness and reach data generated via classroom-level structured lesson observations. Intention-to-treat and subgroup analyses revealed no significant positive effect of PATHS on children’s academic attainment. Cluster analyses of observational data revealed four distinct implementation profiles, differentiated primarily by dosage levels. However, these profiles were not significantly associated with differential academic outcomes. In light of our findings and their likely generalisability, it is not possible to recommend PATHS as an effective intervention for improving the academic attainment of children in English primary schools.

Trial registration: ISRCTN85087674
Results of a phase I, non-randomized study evaluating a Magnetic Occult Lesion Localization Instrument (MOLLI) for excision of non-palpable breast lesions
Authors: Look Hong Nicole , Wright Frances C. , Semple Mark , Nicolae Alexandru M. , Ravi Ananth
Published: December 2019

Purpose

Magnetic Occult Lesion Localization Instrument (MOLLI) is a wireless, non-radioactive alternative for non-palpable breast lesion localization. The primary objective of this first-in-human study was to evaluate the clinical feasibility of using MOLLI for intraoperative localization of non-palpable breast lesions.

Methods

Twenty women with non-palpable breast lesions at a single institution received a lumpectomy using the MOLLI guidance system. Patients were co-localized with magnetic and radioactive markers up to 7 days before excision by a dedicated breast radiologist under sonographic guidance. Both markers were localized intraoperatively using dedicated hand-held probes. The primary outcome was successful excision of the magnetic marker, confirmed radiographically and pathologically. Demographic data, margin positivity, and re-excision rates were collected. Surgical oncologists, radiologists, and pathology staff were surveyed for user satisfaction.

Results

Post-radiological analysis: Post-implant mammograms verified that 17/20 markers were placed directly in the lesion center. Radiologists reported that all marker implantations procedures were “easy” or “very easy” following a single training session. Post-surgical analysis: All MOLLI markers were successfully removed with the specimen during surgical excision. In all cases, surgeons ranked the MOLLI guidance system as “very easy” for lesion localization. Pathologic analysis: All patients had negative margins. All anatomic pathology staff ranked the MOLLI system as “very easy” to localize markers.

Conclusions

The MOLLI guidance system is a reliable and accurate method for intraoperative localization of non-palpable breast lesions. Further evaluation of the MOLLI system in studies against current standards of care is required to demonstrate system cost-effectiveness and improved patient-reported outcomes.
Emerging deep learning methods for single‐cell RNA‐seq data analysis
Authors: Zheng Jie , Wang Ke
Published: December 2019

Deep learning is making major breakthrough in several areas of bioinformatics. Anticipating that this will occur soon for the single‐cell RNA‐seq data analysis, we review newly published deep learning methods that help tackle computational challenges. Autoencoders are found to be the dominant approach. However, methods based on deep generative models such as generative adversarial networks (GANs) are also emerging in this area.
Using REDCap to track stakeholder engagement: A time-saving tool for PCORI-funded studies
Authors: Gesell Sabina B. , Halladay Jacqueline R. , Mettam Laurie H. , Sissine Mysha E. , Staplefoote-Boynton B. Lynette , Duncan Pamela W.
Published: December 2019

Background:

Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) is a secure, web-based electronic data capture application for building and managing surveys and databases. It can also be used for study management, data transfer, and data export into a variety of statistical programs. REDcap was developed and supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences Program and is used in over 3700 institutions worldwide. It can also be used to track and measure stakeholder engagement, an integral element of research funded by the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI). Continuously and accurately tracking and reporting on stakeholder engagement activities throughout the life of a PCORI-funded trial can be challenging, particularly in complex trials with multiple types of engagement.

Methods:

In this paper, we show our approach for collecting and capturing stakeholder engagement activities using a shareable REDCap tool in one of the PCORI’s first large pragmatic clinical trials (the Comprehensive Post-Acute Stroke Services) to inform other investigators planning cluster-randomized pragmatic trials. Benefits and challenges are highlighted for researchers seeking to consistently monitor and measure stakeholder engagement.

Conclusions:

We describe how REDCap can provide a time-saving approach to capturing how stakeholders engage in a PCORI-funded study and reporting how stakeholders influenced the study in progress reports back to PCORI.
‘It's a bit of a grey area’: challenges faced by stop smoking practitioners when advising on e-cigarettes
Authors: Sumodhee Dayyanah , Povey Rachel , Pontikos Nikolas
Published: December 2019

Introduction

According to UK guidelines, stop smoking practitioners are expected to be open and supportive towards e-cigarette users. As adequate support from practitioners can be instrumental for smokers to successfully quit smoking, it is crucial to explore the challenges that stop smoking practitioners face when advising on e-cigarette use.

Aim

This qualitative study explores the challenges that stop smoking practitioners face when advising patients on e-cigarettes.

Methods

A qualitative study was conducted with semi-structured interviews with 10 stop smoking practitioners from four stop smoking services in London. Face to face interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Inductive thematic analysis was conducted to explore practitioners' experiences when advising on e-cigarettes.

Findings

Two themes were noted: practitioners' concerns and practitioner–patient interactions. Practitioners were particularly concerned regarding the lack of information, safety issues and the maintenance of addiction linked with e-cigarettes. They emphasised the difficulty of advising on a product that they cannot prescribe. Overall, practitioners expressed the lack of confidence when advising on e-cigarettes since they were often unprepared and not able to answer patients' questions on e-cigarettes.

Conclusions

Stop smoking practitioners' lack of confidence and limited knowledge regarding e-cigarettes emphasises the necessity for training and guidance on e-cigarettes to improve their interactions with patients on this subject. In particular, practitioners need to be provided with clear guidance on how to counsel patients about how and where to buy e-cigarettes.
Gender and Nationalism
Authors: Thomson Jennifer
Published: December 2019

Nationalism has long been understood to be a deeply gendered phenomenon. This article provides an overview of some of the key concepts and literature in the study of gender and nationalism, including women; gender; the nation and the intersection of sexuality, race, and migration; and gender within nationalist imaginations. It offers some future research agendas that might be pursued in work on gender and nationalism—namely the gendered dimensions of populism or “new” nationalism.
Calculating individualized risk components using a mobile app-based risk calculator for clinical high risk of psychosis: findings from ShangHai At Risk for Psychosis (SHARP) program
Authors: Zhang TianHong , Xu LiHua , Li HuiJun , Woodberry Kristen A. , Kline Emily R. , Jiang Jian , Cui HuiRu , Tang YingYing , Tang XiaoChen , Wei YanYan , Hui Li , Lu Zheng , Cao LiPing , Li ChunBo , Niznikiewicz Margaret A. , Shenton Martha E. , Keshavan Matcheri S. , Stone William S. , Wang JiJun
Published: December 2019

Background

Only 30% or fewer of individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) convert to full psychosis within 2 years. Efforts are thus underway to refine risk identification strategies to increase their predictive power. Our objective was to develop and validate the predictive accuracy and individualized risk components of a mobile app-based psychosis risk calculator (RC) in a CHR sample from the SHARP (ShangHai At Risk for Psychosis) program.

Method

In total, 400 CHR individuals were identified by the Chinese version of the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes. In the first phase of 300 CHR individuals, 196 subjects (65.3%) who completed neurocognitive assessments and had at least a 2-year follow-up assessment were included in the construction of an RC for psychosis. In the second phase of the SHARP sample of 100 subjects, 93 with data integrity were included to validate the performance of the SHARP-RC.

Results

The SHARP-RC showed good discrimination of subsequent transition to psychosis with an AUC of 0.78 (p < 0.001). The individualized risk generated by the SHARP-RC provided a solid estimation of conversion in the independent validation sample, with an AUC of 0.80 (p = 0.003). A risk estimate of 20% or higher had excellent sensitivity (84%) and moderate specificity (63%) for the prediction of psychosis. The relative contribution of individual risk components can be simultaneously generated. The mobile app-based SHARP-RC was developed as a convenient tool for individualized psychosis risk appraisal.

Conclusions

The SHARP-RC provides a practical tool not only for assessing the probability that an individual at CHR will develop full psychosis, but also personal risk components that might be targeted in early intervention.
What makes tree poachers give up? A case study of forestry law enforcement in Taiwan
Authors: Huang Lanying , Chen Shiang-Fan
Published: December 2019

Many previous studies argue that harsher forestry legislation should be enforced to handle the problem of tree poaching. However, empirical studies on the behavioural analysis of poachers’ decision making is largely lacking. Drawing from conversations with 65 inmates imprisoned for Forestry Act offences in Taiwan, we discuss the reasons behind the intention whether or not to stop tree poaching. The majority (81.5%) of the sample expressed their intention to stop tree poaching. Among the 16 demographic, offence and punishment characteristics, we identified only four variables to be included in the final logistic regression model to predict the decision to stop. We found that (1) having no previous experience of stout camphor tree (Cinnamomum kanehirae) theft, taking a log from a stout camphor tree and selling it to buyers; or (2) higher level of education could predict a greater likelihood of intending to quit. Given the limitation of the existing control approach, we propose a restorative justice approach to the poaching problem. A restorative justice approach, instead of focusing solely on the violation of law, recognizes the harm done and forms collaborative work to repair the harm and prevent future wrongdoings. It also helps break the vicious cycle of a poaching subculture.
Probing Compositional Order in Atomic Columns: STEM Simulations Beyond the Virtual Crystal Approximation
Authors: Blom Douglas A. , Vogt Thomas
Published: December 2019

Taking advantage of recent advances in parallel computing, we studied compositional disorder along metal–oxygen atomic columns in a complex Mo,V-oxide bronze using multislice frozen-phonon calculations. Commonly, the virtual crystal approximation (VCA) is used to model compositional disorder at crystallographic sites in a unit cell for a number of different theoretical and experimental techniques. In the VCA, a weighted linear sum of atomic properties is used to approximate the model structure. When using the VCA, the extracted V content of Mo,V–O columns from experimental high-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) images will be about half the V content estimated from simulations, considering the distinct cation ordering. This discrepancy is larger than the spread of HAADF signals of different configurational orders at a given V concentration, which can be up to 20%. Certain “isophilic” atomic arrangements along the column can be distinguished from more random ones using HAADF-STEM imaging. The trends and ratios of the simulated intensity spreads due to different compositional ordering along 11 M–O columns along the c-axis of the Mo,V oxide bronze qualitatively match those observed in experimental HAADF-STEM data. Instrumental and sample-based noise adds to the variability but does not significantly distort the relative ratios of column intensity variation. We observed that we only required seven random configurations to represent the intensity variations along columns.
The influence of gender on attitudes towards the EU among the Polish ‘winners of European integration’
Authors: Favero Adrian
Published: December 2019

This paper investigates the role of gender in shaping attitudes towards the European Union (EU) among young people living in Polish cities – the so-called ‘winners of European integration’. Previously, little attention has been given to gender as an influence on views on the EU. Most studies apply the gender-based perspective on Western Europe, while Central and Eastern European countries remain understudied. Based on theories on public opinion, I employ a mixed-methods approach, conducting a survey among 815 MA students living in Polish cities, followed by 27 semi-structured interviews. This analysis of gender-related attitudes towards the EU offers nuanced insights into transitions within post-communist societies. My findings posit that the sampled well-educated women are more likely to support EU integration than men. Education, gender-based individual cost-benefit analyses, and the perceptions of national politics are possible explanations for the positive attitudes towards the EU among the sampled women.
Risikofamilien
Authors: Petermann Ulrike , Petermann† Franz , Ulrich Franziska
Published: December 2019

Zusammenfassung. Risikofamilien weisen häufig eine Vielzahl an Problemen, wie etwa Armut, einen geringen Bildungsstand, Paarkonflikte oder die Erkrankung eines Elternteils, auf, die in ihrer Kumulation und ihrer Wechselbeziehung eine hohe Belastung für alle Familienmitglieder darstellen. Kinder, die unter diesen schwierigen Lebensumständen aufwachsen, haben ein erhöhtes Risiko für Entwicklungs- und Verhaltensauffälligkeiten bzw. psychische Störungen. Entsprechend gilt es, Risiken innerhalb einer Familie frühzeitig zu erkennen. Die Kenntnis von familiären Ressourcen und ihre gezielte Stärkung sollten dabei ein unverzichtbarer Bestandteil der Intervention sein, um Familien bei der Bewältigung von Problemlagen zu unterstützen.
The Social Relations Model for Count Data
Authors: Loncke Justine , Cook William L. , Neiderhiser Jenae M. , Loeys Tom
Published: December 2019

Abstract. The social relations model (SRM) is typically used to identify sources of variance in interpersonal dispositions in families. Traditionally, it uses dyadic measurements that are obtained from a round-robin design, where each family member rates each other family member. Those dyadic measurements are mostly considered to be continuous, but we, however, will discuss how the SRM can be adapted to count dyadic measurements. Such SRM for count data can be formulated in the SEM-framework by viewing it as a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), but it can also be defined in the multilevel framework. These two frameworks result in equivalent models of which the parameters can be estimated using maximum likelihood estimation or a Bayesian approach. We perform a simulation study to compare the performance of those two estimators. As an illustration, we consider intergenerational co-activity data from a block design and contrast family dynamics between non-divorced families and stepfamilies.
The EV Scaling Method for Variances of Latent Variables
Authors: Schweizer Karl , Troche Stefan
Published: December 2019

Abstract. The paper describes EV scaling for variances of latent variables included in confirmatory factor models. EV-scaled variances can be achieved in two ways: the estimation of variance parameters based on adjusted factor loadings and alternatively the summation of squared factor loadings obtained under the condition that the variance parameter is set equal to one. By definition, the second procedure yields values that are always positive. EV-scaled variances of latent variables show sizes similar to eigenvalues. The outcome of applying this scaling method is demonstrated in empirical data. The results of a simulation study reveal that the outcomes of the two ways virtually always correspond if the data are generated to include the contribution of a latent source. If there is no such source, the exclusion of solutions with negative error variances virtually always leads to correspondence.
Gut microbiota structure differs between honeybees in winter and summer
Authors: Kešnerová Lucie , Emery Olivier , Troilo Michaël , Liberti Joanito , Erkosar Berra , Engel Philipp
Published: December 2019

Adult honeybees harbor a specialized gut microbiota of relatively low complexity. While seasonal differences in community composition have been reported, previous studies have focused on compositional changes rather than differences in absolute bacterial loads. Moreover, little is known about the gut microbiota of winter bees, which live much longer than bees during the foraging season, and which are critical for colony survival. We quantified seven core members of the bee gut microbiota in a single colony over 2 years and characterized the community composition in 14 colonies during summer and winter. Our data show that total bacterial loads substantially differ between foragers, nurses, and winter bees. Long-lived winter bees had the highest bacterial loads and the lowest community α-diversity, with a characteristic shift toward high levels of Bartonella and Commensalibacter, and a reduction of opportunistic colonizers. Using gnotobiotic bee experiments, we show that diet is a major contributor to the observed differences in bacterial loads. Overall, our study reveals that the gut microbiota of winter bees is remarkably different from foragers and nurses. Considering the importance of winter bees for colony survival, future work should focus on the role of the gut microbiota in winter bee health and disease.
Primary cilia mediate mitochondrial stress responses to promote dopamine neuron survival in a Parkinson’s disease model
Authors: Bae Ji-Eun , Kang Gil Myung , Min Se Hee , Jo Doo Sin , Jung Yong-Keun , Kim Keetae , Kim Min-Seon , Cho Dong-Hyung
Published: December 2019

A primary cilium is an antenna-like structure on the cell surface that plays a crucial role in sensory perception and signal transduction. Mitochondria, the ‘powerhouse’ of the cell, control cell survival, and death. The cellular ability to remove dysfunctional mitochondria through mitophagy is important for cell survival. We show here that mitochondrial stress, caused by respiratory complex inhibitors and excessive fission, robustly stimulates ciliogenesis in different types of cells including neuronal cells. Mitochondrial stress-induced ciliogenesis is mediated by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation, subsequent activation of AMP-activated protein kinase and autophagy. Conversely, abrogation of ciliogenesis compromises mitochondrial stress-induced autophagy, leading to enhanced cell death. In mice, treatment with mitochondrial toxin, MPTP elicits ciliary elongation and autophagy in the substantia nigra dopamine neurons. Blockade of cilia formation in these neurons attenuates MPTP-induced autophagy but facilitates dopamine neuronal loss and motor disability. Our findings demonstrate the important role of primary cilia in cellular pro-survival responses during mitochondrial stress.
The intragraft vascularized bone marrow component plays a critical role in tolerance induction after reconstructive transplantation
Authors: Lin Cheng-Hung , Anggelia Madonna R. , Cheng Hui-Yun , Wang Aline Yen Ling , Chuang Wen-Yu , Lin Chih-Hung , Lee W. P. Andrew , Wei Fu-Chan , Brandacher Gerald
Published: December 2019

The role of the vascularized bone marrow component as a continuous source of donor-derived hematopoietic stem cells that facilitate tolerance induction of vascularized composite allografts is not completely understood. In this study, vascularized composite tissue allograft transplantation outcomes between recipients receiving either conventional bone marrow transplantation (CBMT) or vascularized bone marrow (VBM) transplantation from Balb/c (H2d) to C57BL/6 (H2b) mice were compared. Either high- or low-dose CBMT (1.5 × 108or 3 × 107bone marrow cells, respectively) was applied. In addition, recipients were treated with costimulation blockade (1 mg anti-CD154 and 0.5 mg CTLA4Ig on postoperative days 0 and 2, respectively) and short-term rapamycin (3 mg/kg/day for the first posttransplant week and then every other day for another 3 weeks). Similar to high-dose conventional bone marrow transplantation, 5/6 animals in the vascularized bone marrow group demonstrated long-term allograft survival (>120 days). In contrast, significantly shorter median survival was noted in the low-dose CBMT group (~64 days). Consistently high chimerism levels were observed in the VBM transplantation group. Notably, low levels of circulating CD4+and CD8+T cells and a higher ratio of Treg to Teff cells were maintained in VBM transplantation and high-dose CBMT recipients (>30 days) but not in low-dose VBM transplant recipients. Donor-specific hyporesponsiveness was shown in tolerant recipients in vitro. Removal of the vascularized bone marrow component after secondary donor-specific skin transplantation did not affect either primary allograft or secondary skin graft survival.
Biogenic carbonate mercury and marine temperature records reveal global influence of Late Cretaceous Deccan Traps
Authors: Meyer Kyle W. , Petersen Sierra V. , Lohmann Kyger C , Blum Joel D. , Washburn Spencer J. , Johnson Marcus W. , Gleason James D. , Kurz Aaron Y. , Winkelstern Ian Z.
Published: December 2019

The climate and environmental significance of the Deccan Traps large igneous province of west-central India has been the subject of debate in paleontological communities. Nearly one million years of semi-continuous Deccan eruptive activity spanned the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, which is renowned for the extinction of most dinosaur groups. Whereas the Chicxulub impactor is acknowledged as the principal cause of these extinctions, the Deccan Traps eruptions are believed to have contributed to extinction patterns and/or enhanced ecological pressures on biota during this interval of geologic time. We present the first coupled records of biogenic carbonate clumped isotope paleothermometry and mercury concentrations as measured from a broad geographic distribution of marine mollusk fossils. These fossils preserve evidence of simultaneous increases in coastal marine temperatures and mercury concentrations at a global scale, which appear attributable to volcanic CO2 and mercury emissions. These early findings warrant further investigation with additional records of combined Late Cretaceous temperatures and mercury concentrations of biogenic carbonate.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Colloidal silver diphosphide (AgP2) nanocrystals as low overpotential catalysts for CO2 reduction to tunable syngas
Authors: Li Hui , Wen Peng , Itanze Dominique S. , Hood Zachary D. , Ma Xiao , Kim Michael , Adhikari Shiba , Lu Chang , Dun Chaochao , Chi Miaofang , Qiu Yejun , Geyer Scott M.
Published: December 2019

Production of syngas with tunable CO/H2 ratio from renewable resources is an ideal way to provide a carbon-neutral feedstock for liquid fuel production. Ag is a benchmark electrocatalysts for CO2-to-CO conversion but high overpotential limits the efficiency. We synthesize AgP2 nanocrystals (NCs) with a greater than 3-fold reduction in overpotential for electrochemical CO2-to-CO reduction compared to Ag and greatly enhanced stability. Density functional theory calculations reveal a significant energy barrier decrease in the formate intermediate formation step. In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) shows that a maximum Faradaic efficiency is achieved at an average silver valence state of +1.08 in AgP2 NCs. A photocathode consisting of a n+p-Si wafer coated with ultrathin Al2O3 and AgP2 NCs achieves an onset potential of 0.2 V vs. RHE for CO production and a partial photocurrent density for CO at −0.11 V vs. RHE (j−0.11, CO) of −3.2 mA cm−2.
A unified form of low-energy nodal electronic interactions in hole-doped cuprate superconductors
Authors: Reber T. J. , Zhou X. , Plumb N. C. , Parham S. , Waugh J. A. , Cao Y. , Sun Z. , Li H. , Wang Q. , Wen J. S. , Xu Z. J. , Gu G. , Yoshida Y. , Eisaki H. , Arnold G. B. , Dessau D. S.
Published: December 2019

Using angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ over a wide range of doping levels, we present a universal form for the non-Fermi liquid electronic interactions in the nodal direction in the exotic normal state phase. It is described by a continuously varying power law exponent versus energy and temperature (hence named a Power Law Liquid or PLL), which with doping varies smoothly from a quadratic Fermi Liquid in the overdoped regime, to a linear Marginal Fermi Liquid at optimal doping, to a non-quasiparticle non-Fermi Liquid in the underdoped regime. The coupling strength is essentially constant across all regimes and is consistent with Planckian dissipation. Using the extracted PLL parameters we reproduce the experimental optics and resistivity over a wide range of doping and normal-state temperature values, including the T* pseudogap temperature scale observed in the resistivity curves. This breaks the direct link to the pseudogapping of antinodal spectral weight observed at similar temperature scales and gives an alternative direction for searches of the microscopic mechanism.
T4SS-dependent TLR5 activation by Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Pachathundikandi Suneesh Kumar , Tegtmeyer Nicole , Arnold Isabelle Catherine , Lind Judith , Neddermann Matthias , Falkeis-Veits Christina , Chattopadhyay Sujay , Brönstrup Mark , Tegge Werner , Hong Minsun , Sticht Heinrich , Vieth Michael , Müller Anne , Backert Steffen
Published: December 2019

Toll-like receptor TLR5 recognizes a conserved domain, termed D1, that is present in flagellins of several pathogenic bacteria but not in Helicobacter pylori. Highly virulent H. pylori strains possess a type IV secretion system (T4SS) for delivery of virulence factors into gastric epithelial cells. Here, we show that one of the H. pylori T4SS components, protein CagL, can act as a flagellin-independent TLR5 activator. CagL contains a D1-like motif that mediates adherence to TLR5+ epithelial cells, TLR5 activation, and downstream signaling in vitro. TLR5 expression is associated with H. pylori infection and gastric lesions in human biopsies. Using Tlr5-knockout and wild-type mice, we show that TLR5 is important for efficient control of H. pylori infection. Our results indicate that CagL, by activating TLR5, may modulate immune responses to H. pylori.
ProTargetMiner as a proteome signature library of anticancer molecules for functional discovery
Authors: Saei Amir Ata , Beusch Christian Michel , Chernobrovkin Alexey , Sabatier Pierre , Zhang Bo , Tokat Ülkü Güler , Stergiou Eleni , Gaetani Massimiliano , Végvári Ákos , Zubarev Roman A.
Published: December 2019

Deconvolution of targets and action mechanisms of anticancer compounds is fundamental in drug development. Here, we report on ProTargetMiner as a publicly available expandable proteome signature library of anticancer molecules in cancer cell lines. Based on 287 A549 adenocarcinoma proteomes affected by 56 compounds, the main dataset contains 7,328 proteins and 1,307,859 refined protein-drug pairs. These proteomic signatures cluster by compound targets and action mechanisms. The targets and mechanistic proteins are deconvoluted by partial least square modeling, provided through the website http://protargetminer.genexplain.com. For 9 molecules representing the most diverse mechanisms and the common cancer cell lines MCF-7, RKO and A549, deep proteome datasets are obtained. Combining data from the three cell lines highlights common drug targets and cell-specific differences. The database can be easily extended and merged with new compound signatures. ProTargetMiner serves as a chemical proteomics resource for the cancer research community, and can become a valuable tool in drug discovery.