bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Excitonic Insulator Enabled Ultrasensitive Terahertz Photodetection with Efficient Low‐Energy Photon Harvesting
Authors: Dong Zhuo , Guo Wanlong , Zhang Libo , Zhang Yan , Chen Jie , Huang Luyi , Chen Cheng , Yang Liu , Ren Zeqian , Zhang Junrong , Yu Wenzhi , Li Jie , Wang Lin , Zhang Kai
Published: November 2022

Despite the interest toward the terahertz (THz) rapidly increasing, the high‐efficient detection of THz photon is not widely available due to the low photoelectric conversion efficiency at this low‐energy photon regime. Excitonic insulator (EI) states in emerging materials with anomalous optical transitions and renormalized valence band dispersions render their nontrivial photoresponse, which offers the prospect of harnessing the novel EI properties for the THz detection. Here, an EI‐based photodetector is developed for efficient photoelectric conversion in the THz band. High‐quality EI material Ta2NiSe5 is synthesized and the existence of the EI state at room temperature is confirmed. The THz scanning near‐field optical microscopy experimentally reveals the strong light–matter interaction in the THz band of EI state in the Ta2NiSe5. Benefiting from the strong light–matter interaction, the Ta2NiSe5‐based photodetectors exhibit superior THz detection performances with a detection sensitivity of ≈42 pW Hz−1/2 and a response time of ≈1.1 µs at 0.1 THz at room temperature. This study provides a new avenue for realizing novel high‐performance THz photodetectors by exploiting the emerging EI materials.
Ultraelastic and High‐Conductivity Multiphase Conductor with Universally Autonomous Self‐Healing
Authors: Tolvanen Jarkko , Nelo Mikko , Alasmäki Heidi , Siponkoski Tuomo , Mäkelä Piia , Vahera Timo , Hannu Jari , Juuti Jari , Jantunen Heli
Published: November 2022

Next‐generation, truly soft, and stretchable electronic circuits with material level self‐healing functionality require high‐performance solution‐processable organic conductors capable of autonomously self‐healing without external intervention. A persistent challenge is to achieve required performance level as electrical, mechanical, and self‐healing properties optimized in tandem are difficult to attain. Here heterogenous multiphase conductor with cocontinuous morphology and macroscale phase separation for ultrafast universally autonomous self‐healing with full recovery of pristine tensile and electrical properties in less than 120 and 900 s, respectively, is reported. The multiphase conductor is insensitive to flaws under stretching and achieves a synergistic combination of conductivity up to ≈1.5 S cm−1, stress at break ≈4 MPa, toughness up to >81 MJ m−3, and elastic recovery exceeding 2000% strain. Such properties are difficult to achieve simultaneously with any other type of material so far. The solution‐processable multiphase conductor offers a paradigm shift for damage tolerant and environmentally resistant soft electronic components and circuits with material level self‐healing.
Key Challenges for Grid‐Scale Lithium‐Ion Battery Energy Storage
Authors: Huang Yimeng , Li Ju
Published: November 2022

A rapid transition in the energy infrastructure is crucial when irreversible damages are happening quickly in the next decade due to global climate change. It is believed that a practical strategy for decarbonization would be 8 h of lithium‐ion battery (LIB) electrical energy storage paired with wind/solar energy generation, and using existing fossil fuels facilities as backup. To reach the hundred terawatt‐hour scale LIB storage, it is argued that the key challenges are fire safety and recycling, instead of capital cost, battery cycle life, or mining/manufacturing challenges. A short overview of the ongoing innovations in these two directions is provided.
Multidentate Coordination Induced Crystal Growth Regulation and Trap Passivation Enables over 24% Efficiency in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yu Runnan , Wu Guangzheng , Shi Rui , Ma Zongwen , Dang Qi , Qing Yizhao , Zhang Chengyang , Xu Kunxiang , Tan Zhan'ao
Published: November 2022

Crystal growth regulation has become an effective solution to reduce the defects at grain boundaries (GBs) and surfaces of perovskite films for better photovoltaic performances. Oxime acid materials are maturely used as selective collectors in the flotation separation of oxide minerals. Such materials, showing a strong coordination effect and high selectivity with lead, may have great potential in controlling the crystal growth and passivating the defect of perovskite film, which are rarely applied in perovskite solar cells (PerSCs). Herein, an oxime acid‐based material with multi‐coordination sites, ethyl 2‐(2‐aminothiazole‐4‐yl)‐2‐hydroxyiminoacetate (EHA), is incorporated into the PbI2 precursor solution to fabricate high‐performance PerSCs using a two‐step method. The multidentate coordination effect of EHA can link and integrate the PbI2 colloidal clusters to achieve pre‐aggregation in the PbI2 precursor solution, facilitating the sequent crystal growth progress of perovskite film. Meanwhile, EHA can connect grains and fill GBs, which is favorable for charge transfer and passivating both Pb‐I anti‐site and iodine vacancy defects. As a result, the optimal devices show an enhanced efficiency of 24.1% and excellent humidity and thermal stability. This work affords a promising strategy to fabricate efficient and stable PerSCs via multidentate coordination‐induced crystallization control and GB passivation.
A Photoinduced, Nickel‐Catalyzed Reaction for the Stereoselective Assembly of C‐Linked Glycosides and Glycopeptides
Authors: Wei Yi , Wang Quanquan , Koh Ming Joo
Published: November 2022

C‐Alkyl glycosides and glycoproteins exist in natural products and are prized for their role as carbohydrate mimics in drug design. However, a practical strategy that merges glycosyl donors with readily accessible reagents, derived from abundant carboxylic acid and amine feedstocks, is yet to be conceived. Herein, we show that a nickel catalyst promotes C−C coupling between glycosyl halides and aliphatic acids or primary amines (converted into redox‐active electrophiles in one step), in the presence of Hantzsch ester and LiI (or Et3N) under blue LED illumination to deliver C‐alkyl glycosides with high diastereoselectivity. Mechanistic studies support the photoinduced formation of alkyl radicals that react with a glycosyl nickel species generated in situ to facilitate cross‐coupling. Through this manifold, innate CO2H and NH2 motifs embedded within amino acids and oligopeptides are selectively capped and functionalized to afford glycopeptide conjugates through late‐stage glycosylation.
Communication and Cross‐Regulation between Chemically Fueled Sender and Receiver Reaction Networks**
Authors: Sun Mo , Deng Jie , Walther Andreas
Published: November 2022

Nature connects multiple fuel‐driven chemical/enzymatic reaction networks (CRNs/ERNs) via cross‐regulation to hierarchically control biofunctions for a tailored adaption in complex sensory landscapes. Herein, we introduce a facile example of communication and cross‐regulation among two fuel‐driven DNA‐based ERNs regulated by a concatenated RNA transcription regulator. ERN1 (“sender”) is designed for the fuel‐driven promoter formation for T7 RNA polymerase, which activates RNA transcription. The produced RNA can deactivate or activate DNA in ERN2 (“receiver”) by toehold‐mediated strand displacement, leading to a communication between two ERNs. The RNA from ERN1 can repress or promote the fuel‐driven state of ERN2; ERN2 in turn feedbacks to regulate the lifetime of ERN1. Furthermore, the incorporation of RNase H allows for RNA degradation and enables the autonomous recovery of ERN2. We believe that concatenation of multiple CRNs/ERNs provides a basis for the design of more elaborate autonomous regulatory mechanisms in systems chemistry and synthetic biology.
DMTMM‐mediated grafting reaction of glucuronic acid on chitosan
Authors: Li Aoqi , Ye Yingqing , Gong Peixin , Xiao Bo , Jiang Bo
Published: November 2022

Compared with traditional conjugates 1‐ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and N‐hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), 4‐(4,6‐dimethoxy‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)‐4‐methylmorpholinium chloride (DMTMM) is an emerging biological coupling reagent and has been used in the amidation of hyaluronic acid. In this paper, DMTMM was used to achieve the amidation of chitosan (CS) with glucuronic acid (GA) in an aqueous medium to generate a GA‐CS derivative. The grafting efficacy was preliminarily compared with the EDC/NHS‐mediated reaction. As a result, the substitution degree of 17.6% for DMTMM‐mediated grafting and 13.1% for EDC/NHS chemistry indicated that DMTMM‐mediated synthesis of GA‐CS appeared to be more efficient. The reaction kinetics experiments showed that GA‐CS derivative with a degree of substitution up to about 26.1% was obtained using equal molar ratios of DMTMM and GA exceeding CS at room temperature. These results indicate that employing DMTMM as a coupling agent is a feasible and promising strategy for the amidation modification of chitosan.
Conductive double‐network hydrogel for a highly conductive anti‐fatigue flexible sensor
Authors: Gao Yi , Wei Cuilian , Zhao Shuangliang , Gao Wei , Li Zequan , Li Hong , Luo Jianju , Song Xianyu
Published: November 2022

Improving the mechanical properties of hydrogels is a prime example of their large‐scale, diverse applications. Herein, we report a one‐pot method for preparing a double network system hydrogel where the polyvinyl alcohol served as the first polymer backbone, acrylamide as the second network, and N, N′‐Methylenebisacrylamide as the cross‐linker, and the prepared hydrogels presented excellent mechanical properties with 1168% tensile strain and 598 kPa compressive strength. Through the metal–ligand bonds, an electrolyte solution containing Cu2+ was introduced into the hydrogel, which exhibits higher water retention than other electrolyte‐containing hydrogels. Specially, the hydrogel was able to retain water for 8 h under extreme dry conditions at 60°C. The GF value was calculated to be 0.124 when the strain was 0%–64.2%. Furthermore, the hydrogel flexible sensor can detect changes in ambient temperature. When the ambient temperature rises, its relative resistance also tends to rise. In conclusion, this hydrogel sensor offers great potential applications in flexible sensors.
Robust actuator fault reconstruction for Takagi‐Sugeno fuzzy systems with unknown input via a synthesized learning and sliding‐mode observer
Authors: Jia Qingxian , Li Huayi , Li Min
Published: November 2022

The issue of robust actuator fault reconstruction for a class of Takagi‐Sugeno (T‐S) fuzzy systems with actuator fault and unknown input via a novel Synthesized Learning and Sliding‐Mode Observer (SLSMO) is investigated in this paper. Through a coordinate transformation technique, the considered T‐S fuzzy system is decomposed into two separate subsystems: Subsystem 1 affected only by actuator fault and Subsystem 2 affected by unknown input and actuator fault. In the SLSMO methodology, for Subsystem 1, a new reduced‐order Fuzzy Learning Observer (FLO) is explored to accurately reconstruct actuator fault, while a reduced‐order Fuzzy Sliding Mode Observer (FSMO) is employed for Subsystem 2 such that it has strong robustness against actuator fault and unknown input. Stability and convergence of the fuzzy SLSMO are explicitly proved using Lyapunov's indirect method. The design issue of the reduced‐order FLO and of the reduced‐order FSMO can be uniformly formulated in terms of some Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs) that can be directly solved using LMI optimization technique. In addition, a new full‐order FLO is suggested for actuator fault reconstruction in a class of T‐S fuzzy system without unknown input. At the end, a numerical example is applied to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed approaches.
The effect of environmental, social and governance score on operating performance after mergers and acquisitions
Authors: Teti Emanuele , Spiga Lorenzo
Published: November 2022

This paper examines how the corporate social responsibility performance of the acquirer firm, measured with the environmental, social and governance score, is related to postmerger operating performance, by analysing 796 merger operations that took place between 2011 and 2018. The analysis was carried out by first considering the full sample and then dividing the sample into three subsamples: acquirer companies with an environmental, social and governance score below the median, acquirer companies with a rating above the median and finally those companies considered to have a very high score (over 80). To support the results obtained from this analysis, a machine learning technique was subsequently applied to the data. The results obtained from the analysis demonstrated that acquiring companies with a high environmental, social and governance rating manage to generate a significant improvement in operating performance postdeal after the merger, whereas this is not the case for companies with a low score or for companies with a score of above 80. These results seem to demonstrate that although a high environmental, social and governance score can have a positive impact on postmerger operating performance, this only true up to a point. A possible explanation for this could be that the costs involved in integrating and aligning the culture of the two merging companies increase when there is the need to maintain a high score.
Prebiotic Foam Environments to Oligomerize and Accumulate RNA
Authors: Tekin Emre , Salditt Annalena , Schwintek Philipp , Wunnava Sreekar , Langlais Juliette , Saenz James , Tang Dora , Schwille Petra , Mast Christof , Braun Dieter
Published: November 2022

When water interacts with porous rocks, its wetting and surface tension properties create air bubbles in large number. To probe their relevance as a setting for the emergence of life, we microfluidically created foams that were stabilized with lipids. A persistent non‐equilibrium setting was provided by a thermal gradient. The foam's large surface area triggers capillary flows and wet‐dry reactions that accumulate, aggregate and oligomerize RNA, offering a compelling habitat for RNA‐based early life as it offers both wet and dry conditions in direct neighborhood. Lipids were screened to stabilize the foams. The prebiotically more probable myristic acid stabilized foams over many hours. The capillary flow created by the evaporation at the water‐air interface provided an attractive force for molecule localization and selection for molecule size. For example, self‐binding oligonucleotide sequences accumulated and formed micrometer‐sized aggregates which were shuttled between gas bubbles. The wet‐dry cycles at the foam bubble interfaces triggered a non‐enzymatic RNA oligomerization from 2’,3’‐cyclic CMP and GMP which despite the small dry reaction volume was superior to the corresponding dry reaction. The found characteristics make heated foams an interesting, localized setting for early molecular evolution.
Mechanistic Insights into Near Ambient Pressure Activity of Intermetallic NiZn/TiO2 Catalyst for CO2 Conversion to Methanol
Authors: Dongapure Pavan , Tekawadia Jyoti , Thundiyil Shibin , Caha Ihsan , Deepak Francis Leonard , Devi R. Nandini
Published: November 2022

Ni−Zn pair is predicted through descriptor‐based studies to be conducive for CO2 hydrogenation. In this study, NiZn (1 : 1) intermetallics supported on TiO2 is identified as a potential candidate for near ambient pressure activity. The effect of reduction temperature on the catalyst textural properties as well as on CO2 to methanol reduction are explored. Structural and microscopic studies provide clear evidence of phase evolution of NiZn alloy with increasing reduction temperatures, along with phase variations of Zn based oxides. Interface between NiZn intermetallics and ZnO nanoparticles observed at reduction temperature of 550 °C, seems to play a crucial role in making this system most active and selective to methanol. In addition, in‐situ IR studies provide mechanistic insights and indicates the formation of methanolic species even at ambient pressure.
Three‐Component Perfluoroalkylvinylation of Alkenes Enabled by Dual DBU/Fe Catalysis**
Authors: Tang Lin , Lv Ge , Cheng Ruimin , Yang Fang , Zhou Qiuju
Published: November 2022

Herein, a simple and efficient strategy that involves dual 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU)/iron‐catalyzed alkene perfluoroalkylvinylation by using perfluoroalkyl iodides and 2‐aminonaphthalene‐1,4‐diones as coupling partners is demonstrated. In terms of the developed catalytic system, various styrenes and aliphatic alkenes are well‐tolerated, leading to the accurate preparation of perfluoroalkyl‐containing 2‐aminonaphthalene‐1,4‐diones in excellent regioselectivity. Moreover, the protocol can be readily applied in late‐stage modifications of natural products and pharmaceuticals. The title reactions are featured by easily accessible and inexpensive catalysts and substrates, broad substrate applicability, and mild reaction conditions. Mechanistic investigations reveal a tandem C−I cleavable alkylation and C−C vinylation enabled by cooperative DBU/iron catalysis.
Total Synthesis, Absolute Configuration, and Phytotoxic Activity of Foeniculoxin
Authors: Yamagishi Akane , Egoshi Yuki , Fujiwara Makoto T. , Suzuki Noriyuki , Taniguchi Tohru , Itoh Ryuuichi D. , Suzuki Yumiko , Masuyama Yoshiro , Monde Kenji , Usuki Toyonobu
Published: November 2022

Foeniculoxin is a major phytotoxin produced by Italian strains of Phomopsis foeniculi. The first total synthesis is described utilizing the ene reaction and Sonogashira cross‐coupling reaction as key steps. The absolute configuration of the C6’ was determined using chiral separation and an advanced Mosher's method. The phytotoxicity of the synthesized compound was demonstrated via syringe‐based infiltration into Chenopodium album and Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. Synthetic foeniculoxin induced various defects in A. thaliana leaf cells before lesion formation, including protein leakage into the cytoplasm from both chloroplasts and mitochondria and mitochondrial rounding and swelling. Furthermore, foeniculoxin and the antibiotic hygromycin B caused similar agglomeration of mitochondria around chloroplasts, highlighting this event as a common component in the early stages of plant cell death.
An optimization study for preventing silica gelation and improving filtration effectiveness during pH reduction of high concentration silica solutions
Authors: Rao Saheli , Murugan Sivanesh , Achari Gopal , Perdicakis Basil , Mehrotra Anil K.
Published: November 2022

The steam generation processes at the steam‐assisted gravity drainage facilities result in huge quantities of wastewater streams, which are characterized by high pH and high silica levels. These concentrated streams need to be neutralized before their disposal via down‐hole injection. The neutralization of these high‐pH brines results in the formation of a gel‐like substance, which makes it difficult to filter the amorphous silica gel. The wastewater used in this study was synthetically prepared using sodium metasilicate to mimic high‐concentration silica solutions. Our experiments did not show any advantage of a two‐step pH‐neutralization process over the single‐step process for suppressing silica gelation. A systematic experimental campaign was undertaken to investigate the effects of SiO2 concentration, NaCl:SiO2 ratio, and pH on the residual silica concentration, percent silica removal, filtration rate, and filtration effectiveness. For NaCl:SiO2 ratios higher than 4.5, silica precipitation during pH reduction did not lead to the formation of gel or sol. The response surface methodology (RSM), based on the Doehlert design of experiments, was implemented to optimize the responses and provide high efficacy with fewer experiments. The results from the analysis of variance (ANOVA) analyses of the experimental data were used to evaluate the significance of each term in the quadratic model. 3D response surfaces and 2D contour plots were generated for determining the optimal ranges of independent factors for achieving the maximum silica removal, the highest filtration rate, the best filtration effectiveness, and the minimum residual silica concentration. An optimum operating region was established from the RSM analysis and overlay plot.
Prodrugs of the Archetypal Dynamin Inhibitor Bis‐T‐22
Authors: Odell Luke R. , Robertson Mark J , Young Kelly A , McGeachie Andrew B. , Quan Annie , Robinson Phillip J. , McCluskey Adam
Published: November 2022

The Bis‐T series of compounds comprise some of the most potent inhibitors of dynamin GTPase activity yet reported, e. g., (2E,2′E)‐N,N′‐(propane‐1,3‐diyl)bis(2‐cyano‐3‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)acrylamide) (2), Bis‐T‐22. The catechol moieties are believed to limit cell permeability, rendering these compounds largely inactive in cells. To solve this problem, a prodrug strategy was envisaged and eight ester analogues were synthesised. The shortest and bulkiest esters (acetate and butyl/tert‐butyl) were found to be insoluble under physiological conditions, whilst the remaining five were soluble and stable under these conditions. These five were analysed for plasma stability and half‐lives ranged from ∼2.3 min (propionic ester 4), increasing with size and bulk, to greater than 24 hr (dimethyl carbamate 10). Similar profiles where observed with the rate of formation of Bis‐T‐22 with half‐lives ranging from ∼25 mins (propionic ester 4). Propionic ester 4 was chosen to undergo further testing and was found to inhibit endocytosis in a dose‐dependent manner with IC50 ∼8 μM, suggesting this compound is able to effectively cross the cell membrane where it is rapidly hydrolysed to the desired Bis‐T‐22 parent compound.
Human cortical amygdala dendrites and spines morphology under open‐source three‐dimensional reconstruction procedures
Authors: Guerra Kétlyn T. Knak , Renner Josué , Vásquez Carlos E. , Rasia‐Filho Alberto A.
Published: November 2022

Visualizing nerve cells has been fundamental for the systematic description of brain structure and function in humans and other species. Different approaches aimed to unravel the morphological features of neuron types and diversity. The inherent complexity of the human nervous tissue and the need for proper histological processing have made studying human dendrites and spines challenging in postmortem samples. In this study, we used Golgi data and open‐source software for 3D image reconstruction of human neurons from the cortical amygdaloid nucleus to show different dendrites and pleomorphic spines at different angles. Procedures required minimal equipment and generated high‐quality images for differently shaped cells. We used the “single‐section” Golgi method adapted for the human brain to engender 3D reconstructed images of the neuronal cell body and the dendritic ramification by adopting a neuronal tracing procedure. In addition, we elaborated 3D reconstructions to visualize heterogeneous dendritic spines using a supervised machine learning‐based algorithm for image segmentation. These tools provided an additional upgrade and enhanced visual display of information related to the spatial orientation of dendritic branches and for dendritic spines of varied sizes and shapes in these human subcortical neurons. This same approach can be adapted for other techniques, areas of the central or peripheral nervous system, and comparative analysis between species.
On‐Surface‐Assembled Single‐Layer Metal‐Organic Frameworks with Extended Conjugation
Authors: Liu Jing , Lin Nian
Published: November 2022

Single‐layer metal‐organic frameworks with extended conjugation (SL‐cMOFs) exhibit electronic bands that lead to high conductivity or non‐trivial quantum phases. Experimental realization of SL‐cMOFs has been demonstrated using on‐surface coordination self‐assembly. The tunability and adaptability of coordination assembly offers rich opportunities for designing and fabricating SL‐cMOFs with various geometric characteristics. In this Review, we discuss the recent experimental advances in on‐surface synthesis of SL‐cMOFs and characterization of their band structures. Special attention has been paid to the MOFs featuring Kagome lattices. Starting from the general principles of their structural design, the SL‐cMOFs recently achieved via on‐surface coordination self‐assembly are subsequently divided into three categories, that is, M3L2, M2L3, and M3L MOFs (M for metal and L for ligand), and the corresponding works are overviewed. The current challenges and prospective directions are also discussed.
Solvated Structure of Hybrid Tetraglyme‐Aqueous Electrolyte Dissolving High‐Concentration LiTFSI‐LiFSI for Dual‐Ion Battery
Authors: Yang Dengyao , Li Huan , Shen Xiaofeng , Watanabe Motonori , Ishihara Tatsumi
Published: November 2022

The solvated structure of a highly concentrated hybrid tetraglyme (G4)‐water electrolyte was studied for an increasing cycle stability and performance of a KS6 used dual‐ion battery. Hybrid solvent of G4 and water with a weight ratio of 2 to 8 was able to dissolve 9LiFSI‐1LiTFSI supporting salts up to 37 mol kg−1 (37 mol kg−1 G2W8). In spite of such high concentration of supporting salts, reasonable charge and discharge performance of dual‐ion battery (discharge capacity of ≈40 mAh g−1 and coulombic efficiency of 90 %) were exhibited over 300 cycles. This was attributed to the decreased hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) potential to −1.05 V vs. Ag/AgCl by addition of G4. From Fourier‐transform infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and Raman spectroscopies, G4 molecules were more strongly coordinated to Li+ to form ion pairs of [Li(G4)x(H2O)y]+ complex in hybrid G4‐water electrolyte. Co‐intercalation of bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI−) and bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI−) into graphitic carbon KS6 cathode was confirmed in hybrid aqueous electrolyte.
Mass spectrometry‐based proteomics analysis of human globus pallidus from progressive supranuclear palsy patients discovers multiple disease pathways
Authors: Jang Yura , Thuraisamy Thujitha , Redding‐Ochoa Javier , Pletnikova Olga , Troncoso Juan C. , Zhang Zhen , Rosenthal Liana S. , Dawson Ted M. , Pantelyat Alexander Y. , Na Chan Hyun
Published: November 2022

Background

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a neurodegenerative disorder clinically characterized by progressive postural instability, supranuclear gaze palsy, parkinsonism, and cognitive decline caused by degeneration in specific areas of the brain including globus pallidus (GP), substantia nigra, and subthalamic nucleus. However, the pathogenetic mechanism of PSP remains unclear to date.Unbiased global proteome analysis of patients' brain samples is an important step toward understanding PSP pathogenesis, as proteins serve as workhorses and building blocks of the cell.

Methods

In this study, we conducted unbiased mass spectrometry‐based global proteome analysis of GP samples from 15 PSP patients, 15 Parkinson disease (PD) patients, and 15 healthy control (HC) individuals. To analyze 45 samples, we conducted 5 batches of 11‐plex isobaric tandem mass tag (TMT)‐based multiplexing experiments. The identified proteins were subjected to statistical analysis, such as a permutation‐based statistical analysis in the significance analysis of microarray (SAM) method and bootstrap receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC)‐based statistical analysis. Subsequently, we conducted bioinformatics analyses using gene set enrichment analysis, Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) protein‐protein interaction (PPI) analysis, and weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA).

Results

We have identified 10,231 proteins with ∼1,000 differentially expressed proteins. The gene set enrichment analysis results showed that the PD pathway was the most highly enriched, followed by pathways for oxidative phosphorylation, Alzheimer disease, Huntington disease, and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) when PSP was compared to HC or PD. Most of the proteins enriched in the gene set enrichment analysis were mitochondrial proteins such as cytochrome c oxidase, NADH dehydrogenase, acyl carrier protein, succinate dehydrogenase, ADP/ATP translocase, cytochrome b‐c1 complex, and/or ATP synthase. Strikingly, all of the enriched mitochondrial proteins in the PD pathway were downregulated in PSP compared to both HC and PD. The subsequent STRING PPI analysis and the WGCNA further supported that the mitochondrial proteins were the most highly enriched in PSP.

Conclusion

Our study showed that the mitochondrial respiratory electron transport chain complex was the key proteins that were dysregulated in GP of PSP, suggesting that the mitochondrial respiratory electron transport chain complex could potentially be involved in the pathogenesis of PSP. This is the first global proteome analysis of human GP from PSP patients, and this study paves the way to understanding the mechanistic pathogenesis of PSP.
B3 thymoma mimicking poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma: Diagnostic pitfalls of anterior mediastinal mass fine needle aspiration
Authors: Bartels Anne , Bykowski Julie , Brumund Kevin , Pezhouh Maryam , Vavinskaya Vera , Lin Grace , Hasteh Farnaz , Hu Jingjing
Published: November 2022

B3 thymoma is a rare malignant type of thymic epithelial neoplasm found in the anterior mediastinum. Diagnosis of thymoma from fine needle aspiration (FNA) can be challenging due to the infrequency of sampling and its morphologic overlap with other entities such as squamous cell carcinoma, lymphoma or thyroid carcinoma. We report a case of B3 thymoma mimicking poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma. We present its diagnostic pitfalls on cytology specimens, especially where it concerns identifying the correct location of the lesion, discuss the differential diagnosis, and correlation with the corresponding surgical resection specimen. A neck computed tomography angiogram (CTA) revealed a partially calcified 2.1 cm mass inferior to the left thyroid lobe in a 51 yr old woman being evaluated for stroke/TIA symptoms. She was referred for evaluation of the lesion. On the initial FNA and core needle biopsy, the lesion showed high‐grade epithelioid cells with abundant lymphocytic infiltration and occasional necrosis, and was diagnosed as a high‐grade carcinoma, favored to represent a poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma considering the location on imaging. The patient subsequently underwent total thyroidectomy, central neck dissection, and thymectomy. Final surgical pathologic diagnosis indicated a type B3 thymoma. Due to the infrequency of sampling, thymoma poses a diagnostic challenge on preoperative FNA or core needle biopsy. Herein, we present a case of B3 thymoma with a preoperative cytologic specimen that consisted of hyperchromatic sheets of epithelioid tumor cells with a background of lymphocytes without definitive follicular cells or colloid. The core needle biopsy and cell block material showed abundant necrosis, intermixed lymphocytes and neoplastic epithelial cells with strong positive staining for pan‐keratin and p40. The cytology and core needle biopsy material were interpreted as representing a probable thyroid neoplasm and raised a broad differential including anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma with squamous features, metastatic squamous carcinoma, and metastatic carcinoma to a lymph node. The final surgical resection specimen showed a B3 type‐thymoma.
Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on eating disorders diagnoses among adolescents and young adults in Catalonia: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Raventós Berta , Abellan Alicia , Pistillo Andrea , Reyes Carlen , Burn Edward , Duarte‐Salles Talita
Published: November 2022

Objective

To describe the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on trends in incidence rates (IR) of diagnoses of eating disorders (ED) among adolescents and young adults.

Methods

Population‐based cohort study using primary care records of people aged 10–24 years between January, 2016 and December, 2021 in Catalonia, Spain. IRs were calculated monthly and grouped by the different stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Catalonia: (1) the pre‐lockdown (January, 2016–February, 2020), (2) lockdown (March–June, 2020) and, (3) post‐lockdown (July, 2020–December, 2021) periods. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) relative to the corresponding periods in 2018–2019 were calculated.

Results

A total of 1,179,009 individuals were included. The IR was 9.2 per 100,000 person‐months (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 8.9–9.5) during the pre‐lockdown period. It decreased during the lockdown period (6.3 per 100,000 person‐months [5.5–7.3]), but substantially increased during the following period (19.4. per 100,000 person‐months [18.7–20.1]). While large reductions in IRs were observed for both sexes during the lockdown period (IRR 95% CI: 0.65 [0.54–0.78] in females and 0.46 [0.29–0.71] in males), substantial increases during the post‐lockdown period were limited to females, and were particularly pronounced among those aged 10–14 and 15–19 years (2.50 [2.23–2.80] and 2.29 [2.07–2.54], respectively).

Discussion

The COVID‐19 pandemic has resulted in a substantial increase in ED diagnoses, primarily driven by higher rates among adolescent females.

Public Significance

This population‐based cohort study demonstrated a substantial increase in incidence rates of eating disorders in primary care following the end of lockdown in Catalonia, Spain, with adolescent girls seen to be most affected.
Electrochemical Determination of Tartrazine in Foods by Voltammetry with a Screen‐printed Carbon/Chitosan‐MnO2 Microcomposite Electrode
Authors: Nagles Edgar , Hurtado John J.
Published: November 2022

This paper presents a new application for a screen‐printed carbon electrode (SPCE) modified with chitosan (Cs) and manganese oxide (II). This new electrode (Cs‐MnOX/SPCE) was applied in the detection of tartrazine (TZ) by linear scan voltammetry (LSV). The anodic peak current for TZ increased by nearly 500 % compared with Cs/SPCE and unmodified SPCE. The surface of the electrode was characterized by cyclic voltammetry. The detection limit was 0.06 μmol/L. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) were between 1.0 and 6.0 % (n=15). The accuracy of the new method was evaluated with real samples spiked with known quantities of TZ.
Size distribution analysis of residual host cell DNA fragments in lentivirus by CGE‐LIF
Authors: Wang Wentao , Gao Tie , Luo Ji , Guo Lihai , Li Xiang , Li Yan , Chen Hongxu
Published: November 2022

During the production of cell and gene therapy products, residual host cell DNA (HCD) could cause safety risks of the biological products, and the longer the residual HCD fragment, the greater the risk to the human body. For this reason, it was necessary to develop an effective method for the size distribution analysis of residual HCD fragments with high accuracy and sensitivity. In this study, capillary gel electrophoresis with laser‐induced fluorescence detector (CGE‐LIF) was used to analyze the size distribution of residual HCD fragments in lentivirus products. The results confirmed that lentiviral RNA genome could interfere with the size distribution analysis of residual HCD fragments. By optimizing the amount of RNase I and digestion time in sample pretreatment process, the interfere of RNA genome could be avoided. The specificity, precision, accuracy, linear range, the detection of limit (LOD), and the quantification of limit (LOQ) of CGE‐LIF method were also validated. The results showed that the CGE‐LIF method had a good performance both in terms of specificity and reproducibility. The intra‐ and inter‐day relative standard deviations of migration time and corrected peak area were all less than 1% and 2%, respectively. The 200 bp DNA marker had a good linearity between 50 and 1000 pg/ml. The LOD and LOQ of 200 bp DNA marker were 2.59 and 8.64 pg/ml, respectively. In addition, this method was successfully used to analyze the size distribution analysis of residual HCD fragments in lentivirus products with different production processes.
Longitudinal Stability and Change of the Dark Triad: A Call for Research in Postsecondary, Occupational, and Community Settings
Authors: Williams Kevin M. , Martin‐Raugh Michelle P. , Lentini Jennifer E.
Published: November 2022

Researchers, theorists, and practitioners have expressed a renewed interest in the longitudinal dynamics of personality characteristics in adulthood, including organic life span trajectories and their amenability to volitional change. However, this research has apparently not yet expanded to include the Dark Triad (psychopathy, narcissism, Machiavellianism), despite approximately 2 decades of research that has thoroughly examined other important issues related to construct validity and interpersonal behavior. We argue that researchers in postsecondary, occupational, and community‐based settings are in a unique position to study the important phenomenon of Dark Triad malleability, as they are less hindered by obstacles in clinical and forensic contexts that have generated largely inconclusive results. In this article, we discuss several examples of methods for evaluating, quantifying, and interpreting Dark Triad malleability, examples of relevant extant training programs, possibilities for developing new programs, and factors that may moderate training efficacy, including Dark Triad levels themselves. Beyond addressing a fundamental question regarding the nature of these traits, the Dark Triad's destructive tendencies suggest that efforts to reduce them would provide myriad societal benefits and could propel Dark Triad research in an important new direction.
Experimental investigation of the effects of a sidewall and cable arrangement on a horizontal cable tray fire in an open atmosphere
Authors: Pretrel Hugues , Zavaleta Pascal , Suard Sylvain
Published: November 2022

The work deals with the influence of a sidewall and cable arrangement on the behavior of a fire involving horizontal cable trays in the framework of fire safety assessments in nuclear installations. The analysis is based on large‐scale fire tests performed in the open atmosphere in the frame of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) PRISME 3 project and on the corresponding simulations applying the FLASHCAT model for predicting the fire heat release rate. The fire configuration consists of five horizontal trays filled with PVC‐insulated power cables. The parameters investigated are the presence or absence of a sidewall and the cable arrangement (loose or tight bundles). The results show that the presence of a sidewall increases the fire HRR in comparison to a scenario without a sidewall. This effect is due to the increase of the flame spread velocity on the lower trays. Regarding cable arrangement, a tight configuration in bundles reduces the fire HRR in comparison to a scenario with a loose arrangement. This result is due to the reduction of the fire heat release rate per unit of area (HRRPUA) as well as the flame spread velocity. The performance of the FLASHCAT model in predicting the effects of the sidewall and the cable arrangement was also assessed on the basis of the fire tests and satisfactory agreements are reported. The presented analysis demonstrates that the fire scenario with horizontal cable trays against a sidewall and with a loose cable arrangement represents a conservative scenario for fire risk assessment. In addition, on the basis of these experiments, the effect of cable arrangement is more substantial than the sidewall effect.
Risk‐neutral moments and return predictability: International evidence
Authors: Zhang Junyu , Ruan Xinfeng , Zhang Jin E.
Published: November 2022

This paper documents risk‐neutral moments of returns on 29 country‐/region‐specific ETFs to provide international uncertainty proxies for as many locations as possible. Our evidence shows these ETFs can generally reflect idiosyncratic information from international markets, but the predictive abilities of risk‐neutral moments are heterogeneous among them. The evidence from panel prediction shows that the risk‐neutral standard deviation (
) can positively predict, but skewness (
) and excess kurtosis (
) negatively predict, the future excess returns in time‐series analysis. Moreover, results from the post‐ranking performance show that the ETFs with low
on average earn an extra 4.55% annualized monthly excess return, compared with those with high
.
Uncertainties and disagreements in expectations of professional forecasters: Evidence from an inflation targeting developing country
Authors: Montes Gabriel Caldas , Marcelino Igor Mendes
Published: November 2022

This paper investigates whether news‐based measures of economic uncertainty affect professional forecasters' disagreement about economic variables and economic policy instruments in Brazil. With the use of an “Economic Policy Uncertainty” index and a “Media Uncertainty” index to construct an index of economic uncertainty unrelated to policy, we study the effects of economic policy uncertainty and policy‐unrelated economic uncertainty on professional forecasters' disagreement. With the use of data from January 2002 to January 2021, we find that disagreements in expectations increase with both higher economic policy uncertainty and higher policy‐unrelated economic uncertainty. An exception is disagreement about future inflation, corroborating the importance inflation targeting for anchoring inflation expectations. We further show that economic policy uncertainty affects disagreement about Brazilian fiscal policy, whereas it does not affect disagreement about Brazilian monetary policy.
Variation of Female Pronucleus Reveals Oocyte or Embryo Chromosomal Copy Number Variations
Authors: Yang Jingwei , Wang Yikang , Li Chong , Han Wei , Liu Weiwei , Xiong Shun , Zhang Qi , Tong Keya , Huang Guoning , Zhang Xiaodong
Published: November 2022

The characteristics of the human pronuclei (PNs), which exist 16–22 h after fertilization, appear to serve as good indicators to evaluate the quality of human oocyte and embryo, and may reflect the status of female and male chromosome composition. Here, a quantitative PN measurement method that is generated by applying expert experience combined with deep learning from large annotated datasets is reported. After mathematic reconstruction of PNs, significant differences are obtained in chromosome‐normal rate and chromosomal small errors such as copy number variants by comparing the size of the reconstructive female PN. After integrating the whole procedure of PN dynamics and adjusting for errors that occur during PN identification, the results are robust. Notably, all positive prediction results are obtained from the female propositus population. Thus, the size of female PNs may mirror the internal quality of the chromosomal integrity of the oocyte. Embryos that develop from zygotes with larger female PNs may have a reduced risk of copy number variations.
Simulation study of chemo‐mechanical impacts of CO2injection in morrow b sandstone reservoir
Authors: Adu‐Gyamfi Benjamin , Ampomah William , Tu Jiawei , Sun Qian , Erzuah Samuel , Sarkodie‐Kyeremeh Justice
Published: November 2022

This study investigates the impacts of geomechanical and geochemical changes on carbon storage in a partially depleted oil reservoir, using results from four different coupled simulation models. Models were used to examine the relative importance of storage mechanisms, and how changing reservoir parameters might affect these mechanisms through time. The study uses data from a Morrowan sandstone reservoir in the Farnsworth Unit (FWU), Ochiltree County, Texas which is currently undergoing CO2enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Partially depleted oil reservoirs such as the FWU offer attractive carbon utilization and/or storage targets because of existing infrastructure and economic benefits from incremental oil recovery as well as tax credits. However, prediction of storage capacity or long‐term fluid migration in these fields can be difficult because of the wide variation in formation fluids and operational histories that may have undergone. CO2injection can cause complex geomechanical and geochemical responses in a reservoir as a result of interplay between dynamic changes in pore pressure, reservoir temperature, fluid composition, and interactions between formation fluids, CO2, and reservoir rock. Thus, multiple coupled numerical simulation models must be developed and used to more precisely understand what CO2storage mechanisms are most significant, as well as the long‐term fate of the stored CO2. Our study used results from hydrodynamic, coupled hydro‐geomechanical, coupled hydro‐geochemical, and coupled hydro‐geomechanical‐geochemical models to examine how changes in geomechanical and geochemical properties can impact the injectivity or storage capacity of CO2. Models simulated historical field operations and then forward‐modeled a water‐alternate‐gas (WAG) operation for 20 years, followed by a 1000‐year post‐injection monitoring. The work demonstrates that in this specific reservoir, geomechanical impacts appear to be more significant than any geochemical processes, which showed minimal impact on reservoir properties. Furthermore, these simulation scenarios corroborated other studies showing more than 90% of CO2injected are being stored and will remain stored in the reservoir. The study was able to draw on a rich set of data from this currently operational project for the work. Because the Morrow is a widespread oil‐bearing reservoir in the midcontinent of the United States and is fairly typical of many sandstone reservoirs elsewhere, the study has significance beyond the boundaries of our field area. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coordination‐behavior patterns of control crews in digital nuclear power plants during emergencies from a network perspective: An exploratory study
Authors: Zhang Junxiu , Wang Dunxing , Gao Qin , Li Zhizhong
Published: November 2022

This study aims to investigate the coordination‐behavior patterns of control crews in digital nuclear power plants (NPPs) during emergencies from a network perspective. We observed and coded 12 coordination processes (each from one crew) of handling simulated emergencies on a full‐scope dynamic simulator in Tianwan NPP of China. By calculating the proportion of coordination breakdowns and referring to the subjective evaluation of instructors, these control crews (all male) were classified into two performance levels (high and low). To compare the coordination‐behavior patterns between high‐ and low‐performing crews, we conducted social network analysis based on the number and direction of coordination behaviors. By examining intracrew relations in team coordination, this study indicated that high‐performing crews exhibited higher cohesion and more balanced behavioral patterns in team coordination than low‐performing ones. By investigating coordination‐behavior patterns from the hierarchical structure of relations in the team, this study revealed that high‐performing crews exhibited higher degree of team autonomy and self‐management among junior operators, as well as reactor operator (RO)‐centered pattern, whereas the low‐performing crews exhibited senior reactor operator‐centered pattern. For researchers, the results advance the understanding of the team coordination mechanism in NPP control rooms during emergencies and enrich team coordination theory in process control industries from the network perspective. In practice, this study suggested that the team coordination training of NPP control crews might be centered around junior operators (especially RO), with focuses on facilitating information sharing and mutual assistance between junior operators and enhancing the awareness of active cooperation of crew members. The results of the study provide nuclear instructors with practical reference to team coordination training and processes optimization.