bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The criteria for self determination and recognition as a sovereign state: Case of Kosovo
Authors: Siboe Nancy Namisi
Published: October 2020

Self-determination is a controversial issue in public international relations as well as in international law. The rise of groups of people in different geographical locations of the world, seeking alienation and recognition, as independent sovereign state cannot therefore continued to be ignored. The protection of the inviolable right of state sovereignty as provided for under the preamble of the United Nations Charter cannot be shoved under the carpet. It is now a public debate on whether state sovereignty has to be protected at all costs including ignoring pressure from proponents of self-determination. What then are the characteristics or criteria that qualifies a group to be entitled to secession? The aim of this article is to look at the brief history of self-determination and assess the criteria considered for declaration of sovereignty. The case of Kosovo will be considered extensively. The author seeks to fill the gap in existing literature on whether recognition automatically confers upon meeting the laid down requirements or political decisions also hold water. The methodology used is theoretical It is clear from the results that the subject of graduation from self-determination to state sovereignty is an issue not so much of legality but political recognition by the international community. This research will positively contribute to the debate surrounding self-determination and sovereignty. It will at least demystify the fog surrounding this highly contested principle. The research will help in widening the criteria for state sovereignty to include political recognition. The author proposes more studies in the area of whether political recognition is legal when making international law decisions.
Yerel Halkın Bölge Turizmine Bakış Açılarının ve Farkındalıklarının Belirlenmesi Üzerine Çankırı’da Bir Araştırma
Authors: Öztürk Yakup
Published: October 2020

Bu çalışmada Çankırı ilinin turistik arz değerleri ile halkın bölge turizmine yönelik bakış açıları ve farkındalıklarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bununla birlikte yerel halkın ilin turizm potansiyeline yönelik bilgi düzeyi, Çankırı’da hangi turizm türlerinin uygulanabileceği ve Çankırı turizminin sorunlarına yönelik görüşleri araştırılan diğer konulardır. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Etik Kurul’unun 30.04.2019 tarih ve 116 numaralı izin kararıyla hazırlanmış olan araştırma kapsamında verilerin toplanması için anket çalışması yapılmış, toplanan anketlerin 407 tanesi analize tabi tutulmuştur. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgular, yerel halkın çoğunlukla şehir merkezi ve yakınlarındaki turizm alanlarını ziyaret ettiklerine, Çankırı turizmine yönelik görüşlerin Çankırı’nın doğal ve kültürel zenginlikleri konusundaki bilgi düzeyi ve ikamet süresi değişkenlerine göre farklılaştığına işaret etmektedir. Ayrıca katılımcılar, Çankırı’da mağara ve kış turizmine ağırlık verilmesi gerektiğini ifade etmişlerdir.
Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’ndan İtibaren Anadolu ve Arap Yarımadası’nın Mutfak Etkileşimleri
Authors: Şimşek Neslihan , Soylu Aykut Göktuğ , Özkaya Fügen
Published: October 2020

Türklerin Anadolu’yu yurt edinmeleri ile birlikte meydana gelen Türk ve Arap halkının etkileşimi pek çok alanda kendisini göstermiştir. Kültürel anlamda yaşanan etkileşim ve değişimin de en net görülebileceği alanlardan biri mutfak kültürüdür. Bu bağlamda yapılan çalışmanın amacı; Osmanlı İmparatorluğu döneminden itibaren Türk ve Arap mutfaklarında yaşanan değişim ve etkileşimi ortaya koymaktır. Bu kapsamda araştırma derleme çalışması olarak planlanmıştır. Araştırmanın ilk bölümünde iki mutfak kültürü hakkında genel bilgilere yer verilmiştir. İkinci bölümde ise kültürlerarası etkileşime dair örneklere değinilmiştir. İki kültür arasındaki etkileşimin din, coğrafya, savaşlar, göçler gibi unsurlar vasıtası ile gerçekleştiği görülmüştür. İki mutfak kültürü de birbirlerinden aldıkları zenginlikler ile gelişerek günümüze kadar ulaşmıştır.
Facebook as a substitute for kanohi ki te kanohi in the Master of Applied Indigenous Knowledge programme at Te Wānanga o Aotearoa in Māngere
Authors: Rangiwai Byron
Published: October 2020

This paper will explain the importance of kanohi ki te kanohi and how Facebook has been used as a substitute for kanohi ki te kanohi in the Master of Applied Indigenous Knowledge (MAIK) programme at Te Wānanga o Aotearoa in Māngere. This paper will provide some examples of how Facebook has been beneficial to the MAIK programme
Las Historias de Vida: Identidad docente e Historia de la Educación
Authors: Martí Puig Manuel
Published: October 2020

El estudio de la Historia de la Educación recuperando la Memoria Histórica de la Educación supone trabajar la historia oral de maestros jubilados reviviendo experiencias, pensamientos, sentimientos, valores y acciones pedagógicas por medio de un diálogo intergeneracional entre el estudiantado del grado de maestro y los docentes retirados. Sus relatos tienen un valor pedagógico para conocer las características socioeducativas de la educación de nuestro pasado reciente; iniciar al alumnado en la investigación educativa utilizando metodologías cualitativas como las historias de vida y la historia oral; y generar conocimientos gracias a las relaciones intergeneracionales entre el estudiantado y los docentes jubilados.

La información extraída ha posibilitado rescatar la historia de la educación dando luz y valor a la tarea educativa llevada a cabo por maestros anónimos. Esto nos ha permitido dar sentido y significado a unos conocimientos curriculares marcadamente teóricos relacionándolos con unos acontecimientos que se hubieran perdido, y que ahora dignificamos al realizar sus historias de vida, y a la vez enriquecen a los futuros egresados del grado de maestro ayudándoles a generar su propia identidad docente e implementar los principios básicos del aprendizaje cooperativo aprendiendo formas diferentes de desarrollar una clase.
Desain dan Analisa Ekonomi PLTS Atap untuk Villa di Bali
Authors: Sumariana Kadek , Kumara I Nyoman Satya , Ariastina Wayan Gede
Published: October 2020

Intisari—Provinsi Bali adalah salah satu dari 34 provinsi di Indonesia dan menurut Rencana Umum Energi Nasional diharapkan untuk mengembangkan sekitar 110 MW solar PV pada tahun 2025. Secara ekonomi, Bali dianggap sebagai pusat industri pariwisata Indonesia. Berbagai akomodasi telah dikembangkan untuk mendukung industri termasuk villa. Dalam tulisan ini, potensi Rooftop PV pada villa di Bali disajikan. Kapasitas Rooftop PV dirancang dengan tujuan untuk memenuhi 23% dari konsumsi energi villa. Dua villa di Bali selatan diambil sebagai contoh. Audit energi dilakukan untuk mempelajari penggunaan energi kedua villa. Berdasarkan tujuan desain, 13,7 kWp PV yang terhubung ke jaringan diusulkan untuk masing-masing villa. Dengan hasil ini, diproyeksikan bahwa semua villa di Bali dapat menambah kapasitas solar PV sekitar 34,8 MWp yang berpotensi menghasilkan energi tahunan 54.741 MWh. Analisis investasi dan kinerja lingkungan juga dimasukkan dalam makalah ini. Hasil yang disajikan di sini akan membantu pemerintah provinsi dan kabupaten di Bali untuk mendapatkan wawasan tentang potensi sektor pariwisata untuk mendukung pengembangan PV dan selanjutnya mengembangkan kebijakan dan peraturan yang sesuai untuk mempercepat penyerapan Rooftop PV di Bali.

Kata Kunci — Energi terbarukan, Rooftop PV,Grid-connected, Pengurangan emisi, Pariwisata hijau.
Revitalisai PLTS Off-Grid 15 kWp Desa Datah Sebagai Catu Daya Pompa Air Pedesaan
Authors: Sasmita I.G.A.D. , Giriantari I.G.A.D. , Kumara I Nyoman Satya
Published: October 2020

Saat ini semua aspek listrik dilakukan oleh PT. PLN (Persero) di seluruh Indonesia. Masih banyak desa di Indonesia yang gelap atau belum teraliri listrik. Tercatat, hingga saat ini sebanyak 2.500 desa belum tersambung listrik. Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral (ESDM) saat ini telah mencari solusi agar 2.500 desa tersebut bisa menikmati listrik. Salah satunya dengan menggunakan energi terbarukan. Salah satunya PLTS Datah, aset tersebut tidak difungsikan lagi dan dibeberapa bagian terjadi kerusakan. Dusun Asah Teben, Desa Datah memiliki luas sebesar 6,74 km2 memiliki jumlah populasi yang lumayan tinggi dengan jumlah penduduk sebesar 315 kepala keluarga pada tahun 2018. Dengan kepadatan seperti itu maka kebutuhan air tiap orang sekitar lebih dari 150 liter perhari perorang. Dengan energi yang dihasilkan sebesar 10 kWp diharapkan nantinya kebutuhan air bersih di pemukiman warga yang berjumlah sekitar 315 kepala keluarga dapat terpenuhi. Dengan sumber air yang ada sudah bisa memenuhi kebutuhan air warga di Dusun Asah Teben Datah. Dari hasil perhitungan maka harga air sebesar Rp. 1.288 lebih murah dari harga air PDAM yang Rp. 1.500. Harga air cukup murah dan bisa dijangkau oleh warga.

Kata Kunci— Energi Terbarukan, PLTS off-grid, Pompa, Distribusi Air
Kajian Penggunaan Incinerator Untuk Mengelola Limbah Medis Padat di Denpasar
Authors: Adiputra I.G.A.B. , Giriantari I.G.A.D. , Kumara I. N. S.
Published: October 2020

Salah satu metode untuk mengolah limbah beracun rumah sakit adalah dengan incinerator. Incinerator membakar limbah medis padat rumah sakit pada suhu tinggi. Banyak rumah sakit harus mengangkut limbah beracunnya ke lokasi pihak ketiga yang lokasinya diluar Bali. Di Bali, ada 62 rumah sakit dengan 6.195 kamar inap dengan 5.584.310 kunjungan pasien pertahun sehingga menghasilkan sejumlah besar limbah beracun. Rumah sakit di Bali harus harus mengirim limbahnya ke pulau Jawa menyebabkan biaya yang mahal dan masalah dalam pengangkutannya. Salah satu solusinya adalah mengembangkan incinerator skala kecil di dekat lokasi rumah sakit. Jurnal ini membahas pengembangan incinerator skala kecil di kota Denpasar Bali yang mencakup investasi, metric kinerja, dan kelayakan ekonomis. Proyek ini didanai oleh bantuan internasional dan saat ini merupakan satu-satu nya incinerator yang ada di rumah sakit di Bali. Paper ini membahas bagaiman pengolahan limbah di RSUD Wangaya dan khususnya penggunaan Incinerator. Pembahsan akan meliputi pemaparan pengelolaan limbah di RSUD Wangaya, langkah-langkah pengembangan incinerator, unjuk kerja incinerator, dan analisa investasi.

Kata Kunci: Rumah sakit, pengolahan limbah medis, limbah beracun, incinerator, analisa ekonomi, NPV, payback period, konservasi energi.
Türkiye, Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi ve Muş İlinde Çayır Mera Yem Bitkileri ve Hayvancılığın Bugünkü Durumu
Authors: Özkurt Mahir , Çınar Selahattin
Published: October 2020

Hayvancılıkta karlı bir üretim için, yem maliyetlerinin düşürülmesi gerekmektedir. 2018 yılı Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TUİK) resmi verileri üzerinden yapılan hesaplamalara göre, Türkiye 18,6 milyon büyükbaş hayvan birimine (BBHB) denk gelen hayvan varlığının toplam kaba yem ihtiyacı 85 milyon tondur. Ancak Türkiye‘nin toplam kaba yem üretimi toplamı 59 milyon ton olup, bunun 10 mil. tonu çayır meralardan, 18 milyon tonu yem bitkilerinden, 31 milyon tonu diğer bitkisel artıklardan karşılanmaktadır. Ülkedeki toplam kaba yem açığı 26 milyon ton olup, bu da toplam ülkenin toplam kaba yem ihtiyacının %30‘una tekabül etmektedir. Kaliteli kaba yem açığı ise bunun çok üzerindedir. Doğu Anadolu Bölgesinde ise kaba yem açığı 3,5 milyon ton (% 19) olarak hesaplanmıştır. Muş‘ta ise üretilen kaba yemin, mevcut hayvan varlığına yeterli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Hayvancılığın genel olarak meraya dayalı olarak yapıldığı Doğu Anadolu Bölgesinde üretilen yem bitkileri miktarı da Türkiye ortalamasının üzerindedir. Türkiye kaba yem açığının kapatılması için mera alanlarının ıslahı ve tekniğine uygun kullanılarak bu alanlardan daha yüksek verim alınması, tarla tarımı içerisinde yem bitkileri ekim alanlarının artırılması gerekmektedir. Kaba yem açığının kapatılması ile daha yüksek hayvansal üretim elde edilebilecek, girdi maliyetleri düşebilecek ve hayvan üreticilerin gelir seviyesi artacak ve hayvansal ürünlerin fiyatı düşebilecektir. Çalışmada Türkiye, Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi ve Muş İli çayır mera yem bitkileri durumu, kaba yem üretim durumu, kaba yem açığı konuları irdelenmeye çalışılmıştır.
Possibilities of pain management during photodynamic therapy
Authors: Shinkarev S. A. , Borisov V. A. , Boldyrev S. N. , Podolsky V. N. , Abdurashidov Z. I. , Zagadaev A. P. , Klycheva O. N.
Published: October 2020

The authors consider the possibilities of pain management during photodynamic therapy (PDT) of visible tumors based on the observation of 102 patients. Of the total number of patients, 62 had verified basal cell skin cancer, 10 people - squamous cell skin cancer, another 10 - oral and oropharynx mucosa cancer, 8 - oral leukoplakia and dysplasia, in 6 - lower lip cancer, in 4 - breast cancer, in 2 - other localizations of neoplasms. In 15 patients, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) were used as pain management, in 69 - a combination of NSAID with tramadol, in 14 - nerve block anesthesia, in 4 - PDT was performed under general anesthesia. The intensity of pain syndrome during laser irradiation of the tumor was assessed on the verbal rating scale (VRS). The absence of pain was recorded in 9% of cases. Mild pain was noted by 58% of patients, moderate pain - 20%, severe pain - 10%, very severe pain was noted by 3% of patients.

The degree of expression of pain syndrome during PDT depends on the incidence of a lesion, histological form of tumor, and method of anesthesia. NSAID alone, or in combination with an opioid analgesic, allows effective control of pain syndrome in PDT of basal cell skin cancer in 89%, in PDT of squamous cell skin cancer in 66% of observations. Nerve block anesthesia allows stoping pain syndrome during PDT of oropharyngeal tumors.
Evaluation of strontium aluminate phosphorescent effect on blood as potential light source for phototherapy
Authors: Choong H. , Suardi N. , Ahmed N.
Published: October 2020

Phototherapy has shown its effect on cell stimulation and inhibition based on Arndt-Schulz model. Even though this therapeutic method has apparent effect, but it has limitations for epithelial application due to limitations on light penetration. Hence, with the ideology of fully overcoming this limitation, phosphorescent powder (strontium aluminate) is proposed as the potential light source that emitting photon from inside the body for phototherapy purposes. The strontium aluminate powder used in the experiment has the highest peak absorption at wavelength around 650 nm and lowest at around 350 nm. According to FESEM images, the powder has the particle size varies from 10 to 50 μm at cubic phase. The assessment is done by studying the effect on erythrocyte after blood plasma is irradiated by strontium aluminate powder’s photon. The powder luminesces with a maximum at 491.5 nm when pumped with 473 nm laser at 100 mW in fixed amount of 0.005±0.001 g. Later, it is mixed with  centrifuged blood plasma for a predetermined time period (5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes). From this study, it shows that 5 minutes irradiation is the optimum  period for erythrocyte in term of morphology enhancement and increase of UV-visible absorption spectrum with at least 21% in comparing  with control blood. While the significant increment located at wavelengths 340 nm and 414 nm with both increased by 54% and 41%, respectively. However, for 10 minutes and beyond, the irradiation leads to morphology deterioration while the UV-visible spectrum decrement starts at 15 minutes and beyond. In conjunction, a comparison between blood plasma that either interacted with powder emitting photon or powder with no emission shows that photon emission plays a role in the phototherapy effect.
Laser technologies in treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (review)
Authors: Tzerkovsky D. A. , Dunaevskaya V. V.
Published: October 2020

This review article discusses the key aspects of the use of laser technologies, namely, laser vaporization (LV) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), in the treatment of patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). The authors analyzed and systematized the foreign experience of these methods of treatment, their indications and contraindications, as well as the advantages over traditional approaches to the treatment of this pathology. The main advantages of the LV are the possibility of complete evaporation of the pathological focus, visual control over the depth of tissue destruction, the absence of prolonged edema and cicatricial deformities, which allows maintaining the integrity of the cervix and its reproductive function. Despite the low trauma and low frequency of adverse reactions, the data on the effectiveness of LV are quite contradictory and, according to various authors, vary from 50% to 98%. To date, there is a significant amount of accumulated experience in the use of PDT with various photosensitizing agents (5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), hematoporphyrin and chlorin and their derivatives) in the treatment of patients with CIN. The main advantages of the PDT are minimal toxicity to the surrounding normal tissues due to the selective accumulation of photosensitizer in pathological tissues, a low risk of severe pain syndrome, the absence of mechanisms of primary and acquired resistance, the possibility of an outpatient treatment session, the possibility of combining with other methods of therapeutic action, the absence of limiting cumulative doses of photosensitizers and light exposure, the possibility of multiple repetitions of the session, good cosmetic results and the possibility of implementing an organ-preserving method of treatment. The obtained results indicate good tolerability of the method (no severe adverse reactions) and a fairly high efficiency of PDT: the frequency of complete regressions varies from 30% to 67% - for application forms of 5-ALA and from 90% to 98.1% - for hematoporifirin and chlorin photosensitizers. Thus, LV and PDT can be considered safe and effective treatment options for patients with CIN.
Productivity and carbon sequestration potential of coconut-based cropping system as influenced by integrated nutrient management practices
Authors: Shinde V.V. , Maheswarappa H.P. , Ghavale S.L. , Sumitha S. , Wankhede S.M. , Haldankar P.M.
Published: October 2020

A field experiment was carried out at Regional Coconut Research Station, Bhatye (DBSKKV, Dapoli), Maharashtra (India) during 2013-2018 to study the productivity and carbon sequestration potential as influenced by integrated nutrient management (INM) practices in coconut based cropping system. INM practices viz., T1- 75 per cent of RDF+25 per cent of N through organic recycling with vermicompost, T2- 50 per cent of RDF+50 per cent of N through organic recycling with vermicompost + vermiwash application + bio-fertilizer application + in situ green manuring (cowpea), T3- fully organic: 100 per cent N through organic recycling with vermicompost + vermiwash application + bio-fertilizer application + in situ green manuring (cowpea) and green leaf manuring + composted coir pith, husk incorporation and mulching with coconut leaves were imposed in coconut based cropping system involving nutmeg, cinnamon, banana and pineapple. For comparison, T4- control: monocrop of coconut with recommended NPK and organic manure was maintained. Four treatments were laid out in a block of 0.45 ha area each. Among the different INM practices, treatment T1 sequestered the highest amount of above ground (coconut + nutmeg) carbon stock (31.1 t ha-1) followed by T2 (30.3 t ha-1) and T3 (27.3 t ha-1). In contrast, the treatment T4 - coconut monocrop alone had sequestered 25.6 t ha-1. The below-ground soil carbon stock in the rhizosphere of different crops was the highest in the nutrient management under T3 followed by T2 and T1, whereas, it was the lowest in coconut monocrop. The productivity of the system was higher in the intercropping garden. The coconut nut yield (5-year average) was higher yield under T1 (147.2 nuts palm-1 year-1), followed by T2 (138.4 nuts palm-1 year-1) and T3 (123.6 nuts palm-1 year-1), whereas, monocrop had recorded a significantly lower number of nuts (97.2 nuts palm-1 year-1).
Structural Composition Explains Differences in Stretchability for Compression-Molded Arabinoxylan-Based Thermoplastic Films
Authors: Deralia Parveen Kumar , Sonker Amit Kumar , Lund Anja , Larsson Anette , Ström Anna , Westman Gunnar
Published: October 2020

Valorization of argi-waste polymers into value-added materials is essential for sustainable development of polymeric industry. Reported herein is a 1-step and 2-step strategy for fabrication of flexible and stretchable thermoplastics prepared by compression molding from two structurally different arabinoxylans (AX). The synthesis was accomplished using n-butyl glycidyl ether whose epoxide ring opened on hydroxyl group and resulted in introduction of alkoxide sidechains for the 1-step synthesis. AX was preactivated by periodate oxidation as 1st step for the 2-step synthesis. Two structurally different AXs, i.e. wheat bran extracted arabinoxylan (AXWB, araf/xylp=3/4) and barley husk extracted arabinoxylan (AXBH, araf/xylp=1/4) were used to understand the effects of the araf/xylp on thermoplastic properties because melt processability has been rare for low araf/xylp AXs. AXBH-derived samples demonstrated melt compression processability. AXWB and AXBH derived thermoplastics featured dual and single glass transition (Tg) characteristics respectively as confirmed by DSC and DMA, but AXBH derived thermoplastics had lower stretchability (maximum 160%) compared to AXWB samples (maximum 300 %). Higher araf/xylp and thus in turn longer alkoxide side chains in AXWB derived thermoplastics explained differences in stretchability.
Hybrid Ionic Liquid/water-in-Salt Electrolytes Enable Stable Cycling of LTO/NMC811 Full Cells
Authors: Becker Maximilian , Reber David , Aribia Abdessalem , Battaglia Corsin , Kühnel Ruben-Simon
Published: October 2020

Water-in-salt electrolytes have successfully expanded the electrochemical stability window of aqueous electrolytes to up to 3 V. While particularly the reductive stability of water-in-salt electrolytes can be further improved by simply increasing the salt concentration, this approach has its limitations as it leads to very viscous and hence poorly conducting solutions. An alternative strategy is the partial substitution of water by ionic liquids, which boosts the lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) solubility while maintaining adequate transport properties at very high salt concentrations.

Here, we study such ternary electrolytes based on LiTFSI, water, and imidazolium-type ionic liquids in terms of their thermal, electrochemical, and transport properties. We find that the LiTFSI solubility increases from 21 mol kg−1 in water to up to 60 mol kg−1 in the presence of these ionic liquids. Deconvolution of the different contributions to the LiTFSI solubility shows that particularly the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate acts as solubility enhancer.

The increased reductive stability of these ternary electrolytes enables stable cycling of both TiO2 and Li4Ti5O12 anodes. We further show that the low water content of these electrolytes also allows stable cycling of LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) cathodes. For instance, a TiO2/NMC811 full cell based on such a hybrid electrolyte shows an energy density of 121 Wh kg−1 on the active material level, a Coulombic efficiency of >99.7% at C/2, and retains 80% of its initial capacity after 290 cycles at this rate. Owing to the 300 mV lower redox potential of Li4Ti5O12 compared to TiO2, Li4Ti5O12/NMC811 full cells reach energy densities of 141 and 150 Wh kg−1 at a rate of 1C and C/2, respectively. These cells still show Coulombic efficiency of 99.4% and 99.2%, respectively, and maintain 80% of their initial capacity after 230 and 154 cycles, respectively. Considering the large number of potential lithium salt–ionic liquid combinations, we anticipate further improvements in electrolyte properties and subsequently cell performance.
MolFinder: An Efficient Global Molecular Property Optimization and Search Algorithm Using SMILES
Authors: Kwon Yongbeom , Lee Juyong
Published: October 2020

Here, we introduce a new molecule optimization method, MolFinder, based on an efficient global optimization algorithm, the conformational space annealing algorithm, and the SMILES representation. MolFinder finds diverse molecules with desired properties efficiently without any training and a large molecular database. Compared with recently proposed reinforcement-learning-based molecule optimization algorithms, MolFinder consistently outperforms in terms of both the optimization of a given target property and the generation of a set of diverse and novel molecules. The efficiency of MolFinder demonstrates that combinatorial optimization using the SMILES representation is a promising approach for molecule optimization, which has not been well investigated despite its simplicity. We believe that our results shed light on new possibilities for advances in molecule optimization methods.
Supramolecular Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry - Revealing Molecular Surroundings and Inter-Molecular Interactions in Organic Matter
Authors: Kawecki Maciej , Bernard Laetitia , Passerone Daniele , Crockett Rowena
Published: October 2020

While supramolecular chemistry is a firmly established research field in laboratory conditions, the experimental study of non-covalent interactions, such as hydrogen bonding and piinteractions, between different molecules in chemically rich, non-crystalline matter remains highly challenging. We demonstrate that soft ion bombardment can trigger the joint desorption of weakly interacting adjacent molecules, and that this in turn allows molecular interaction probabilities, surroundings, and arrangement in organic matter to be probed. Assemblies of organic molecules linked by hydrogen bonds or dipole- interactions are extracted here with preservation of chemistry and structure as single-charged supramolecular secondary ions. Among the examples shown is the desorption of stable 12-molecular clusters of the amino acid L-proline, which suggest an icosahedral on-surface self-assembly, and the desorption of supramolecular linear oligomers of 2,5-piperazinedione. The second half of the study lays down the statistical framework for the reconstruction of a molecular interactome based on the relative abundances of supramolecular dimers of different compositions within a mass spectrum acquired on organic matter containing more than one type of molecule.
Prevalence of autism among children with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Ganapathy Sankar U  , Monisha R
Published: October 2020

Autism is prevalent among primary school children, and these children exhibit difficulty in communication. They have reduced communication skills, problems with social relationship, especially they experience isolation by their family members, and they have persistence of stereotyped behaviours and have low social development. Children experience a high incidence of intellectual disability. We aim to estimate the prevalence rate of autism among children with a developmental disability. 50 children who have been diagnosed and underwent treatment for their intellectual disability were screened and assessed by direct observation method. Initially, every child was screened by using the DSM criteria for autism with the help of the caregivers and teachers as well as other therapists who previously treated children were also included selectively. The children after the screening programme, if found be diagnosed as autism in DSM criteria were reevaluated with the checklist appropriate for their age grouped. Indian Scale for Assessment of Autism was used to screen autism children. After the baseline assessment, the researcher collected the data and results were analyzed. Results conclude that 20 children out of the 50 children were found to have autism and the prevalence estimated as 40% among children’s in Kancheepuram district. We conclude that prevalence of children with autism was considerable increasing and these children were prevalent among children with other pervasive developmental disorder and especially the prevalence was high in children with mental retardation and the study highlights that all children with intellectual disability must be screened for autism.
Healing of Extraction Socket in Diabetic Patients- A Hospital based Retrospective Study
Authors: Chidambaram Shathviha P  , Herald J Sherlin  , Mebin Mathew
Published: October 2020

Diabetes is a common metabolic disorder which is an inability to regulate blood glucose due to insulin deficiency or resistance. During extraction, diabetic patients suffer various complications. One among them is most commonly seen delayed wound healing. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of delay in the healing process of extraction sockets in diabetic patients. This retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out in a hospital setting where all case sheets for six months were filtered from the patient management software. Samples of all patients with diabetes and the extraction treatment were filtered. Three hundred sixteen patients were used for this study. The data is collected and imported to SPSS for statistical analysis and results are obtained. Among 316 patients, 77 were diabetic and had undergone extraction treatment. Satisfactory healing was observed in diabetic patients undergoing normal extraction within the age group 60-70 years and with blood glucose level within normal range (54%). Unhealed sockets were observed in diabetic patients who underwent surgical extraction within the age group of 60-70 years and with high blood glucose level (10.2%). Majority of patients with normal blood glucose level have satisfactory healing and patients with high blood glucose level have unhealed sockets. Dentists should be aware that diabetic patients of poor glucose control undergoing traumatic extraction are prone to delayed healing processes which lead the patient to discomfort and infections. Patients should be advised to have a proper diet and controlled level of glucose to prevent oral complications.
Knowledge and Awareness on Risk Factors of Breast Cancers Among Homemakers
Authors: Indumathi M  , Kavitha S  , Vishnupriya V  , Gayathri R
Published: October 2020

Globally the major cause of cancer associated death among women is breast cancer. Reports showed that all over world approximately 1.15 million women are affected by breast cancer. Lack of awareness and late diagnosis are the prime reasons behind the raising mortality associated with breast cancer. Breast cancer is becoming the principal cause of mortality worldwide and has greater impact in developing countries. The aim of the present study is to access the knowledge and awareness on risk factors of breast cancers among homemakers. About 150 participants were involved in the study. Self-administered questionnaire of close ended questions was prepared related to risk factors, symptoms, diagnostic modalities, prevention and treatment of breast cancer and distributed among homemakers through online survey forms. In the present study about 62.7% were aware of risk factors of breast cancer and 37.3% were not aware. Regarding the information source of breast cancer risk factors, most of the participants (43.3%) responded to from school or college education. The majority of the participants (60.7%) were aware that breast cancer is among the most prevailing cancers among women. Regarding the risk factors of breast cancer, 36% responded to obesity,10% responded to advanced age and 54% responded to family history of breast cancer. The majority of the participants (56.7%) responded age as a major risk factor. In the present study, knowledge and awareness on the breast cancer, risk factors among homemakers is moderate.
Prevalence of outflow of patients for esthetic rehabilitation through the maxillofacial surgical procedure - A retrospective study
Authors: Nadhirah Faiz  , Subhabrata Maiti  , Iffat Nasim  , Jessy P
Published: October 2020

Dental esthetics is a field of dentistry concerned especially with the appearance of dentition as achieved through its arrangement, form and color. The type of malocclusion, the degree of malocclusion, age, patients’ esthetic desires, practitioners’ style of treatment as well as gender predilection can influence the final esthetic treatment the patient will be subjected to. From functional demands, over the years, patients’ demands have dynamically shifted to meeting the maximum esthetics possible. In older patients, it is difficult to treat the malocclusion by orthodontic procedures, hence bringing in the requirement of performing surgical treatment along with prosthetic rehabilitation. This will help maximize esthetics as well as provide a long term, sustainable solution for the patient. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of outflow of patients undergoing jaw-related surgery requiring prosthetic rehabilitation and its association with esthetic demand. A sample size of 1743 patients' information from SDC DIAS database of Saveetha Dental College was taken and a retrospective study was performed where the data collection was done using Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet and data analysis was done using SPSS version 20.0 software. It can be said that surgical treatment is done majorly due to esthetic desires. There is no significant association of the requirement of the treatment with age as well as the gender of the patient (P>0.05). There is a statistically significant association between Requirement of Prosthetic Rehabilitation and Age group (P<0.05).
THE STUDY OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF PIPER SARMENTOSUM AND PIPER NIGRUM
Authors: Ibrahim Maizatul Akma , Mohamad Asri Nurul Aimi Amanina
Published: October 2020

Piper sarmentosum and Piper nigrum which belongs to family Piperaceae are well distributed in the tropical region including Malaysia. They are one of the medicinal plants which are well known for its health benefits to human. This study focused on determining the antioxidant activity of P. sarmentosum and P. nigrum leaves of ethanolic and aqueous extraction. For the extraction, different concentrations of ethanol and aqueous extracts were used. For the antioxidant activity, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was conducted. The results showed that the scavenging activity of all extracts samples was in a concentration-dependent manner. High antioxidant activity of P. sarmentosum leaves was obtained by using ethanol extraction with 74% of inhibition, and IC50 value was 35.18 μg/mL. Meanwhile, P. nigrum leaves showed high antioxidant activity by using aqueous extraction with 64.68% of inhibition, and IC50 value was 79.89 μg/mL. It can be concluded that different extraction solvents used to give a different level of antioxidant activity of both P. sarmentosum and P. nigrum.
EFFECT OF SOIL OXIDO-REDUCTION STATUS ON AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF RICE ON TWO TEXTURALLY DIFFERENT SOILS
Authors: G.O. Dayo-Olagbende, , B.A Ogunleye , E. Unabor
Published: October 2020

The production of rice has its own requirements like other crops, among these requirements include the various soil reactions like acid-base reaction and redox reaction. The experient was set up to determine the effect of different oxido-reduction status of soil on rice performance. The trial was a 3x2x2 factorial experiment laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) and replicated three times. The variables included 3 levels of organic matter from poultry source (0t/ha, 6t/ha and 8t/ha), two levels of NPK 15-15-15 fertilizers (0kg/ha and 200kg/ha) and two watering regimes (Field capacity and waterlogged) this gave rise to twelve treatments and four redox status (oxidized, moderately reduced, reduced and highly reduced). Redox potential was measured using a redox potential meter, growth parameters of rice collected included plant height measured with tape rule, number of leaves and number of tillers which were counted. Yield parameters collected includes 1000 grain weight and grain yield measured with a electrical weighing balance. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance using SPSS version 17 and means were separated using Tukey HSD. Results from the result indicated that rice performance was best under highly reduce and moderately reduced soils.
ROLE OF NUTRIENTS IN WHEAT: A REVIEW
Authors: Pandey Meena , Shrestha Jiban , Subedi Subash , Shah Kabita Kumari
Published: October 2020

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important cereal crop that provides ample nutritious calories for humans and animals. The nutrient plays a vital role in the production of wheat. In this review, previous works were evaluated to investigate the role of nutrients, nutrient deficiency and toxicity in wheat. Both macro and micronutrients are necessary for wheat plants. Every nutrient has its own character and is involved in different metabolic processes of plant life. Nutrient deficiency and toxicity conditions inhibit normal plant growth and exhibit characteristic symptoms. For optimal growth, development, and production, plants need all the necessary nutrients in balance. A balanced application of the primary nutrients (N, P, K), secondary nutrient (S) and some other micronutrients (Zn, B) are needed to enhance wheat production. The soil tests and the demand for crop nutrients should be assessed to identify the quantity of fertilizer recommended for the crop. This study would be a valuable means to wheat growers and researchers for sustainable and higher wheat production.
RESPONSE OF POTATO (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L.) TO THE APPLICATION RATES OF BIOCHAR AND NUMBER OF IRRIGATIONS
Authors: Upadhyay Kalika Prasad , Neupane Janaki Datta
Published: October 2020

A split-plot experiment was conducted to determine the response of potato to application rate of biochar (0, 2, 4 and 6 t/ha , main plots) and number of irrigations (once, twice and thrice a month, sub-plots) in 3 replications as a pot trial in a screen house at Khumaltar during winter season of 2018 and 2019. Biochar was produced from Lantana camara by semi-pyrolysed technique in a Kon Tiki drum. Plastic pots with 26 cm of diameter were used to meet the 25 cm plant spacing of potato recommended in Nepal. The early maturing (90 days) released variety ‘Desiree’ was used for the trial. Observations were recorded on plant and tuber attributes. The results revealed that the influence of biochar rates was positive over zero biochar on plant height, root fresh weight, root dry weight, stem fresh weight and tuber dry weight. The effect of biochar @ 2/ha had similar effects to the rates of 4 t/ha and 6 t/ha rates. Irrigation treatments were significantly different for plant height, number of tubers per plant, root fresh weight, stem and leaf fresh weight, tuber fresh weight, root dry weight and tuber dry weight. Among the irrigation schedules, irrigating twice and thrice a month had similar effects but they were different from one irrigation. Interactions of biochar @ 2 t/ha with one, two or three irrigations were superior to the interactions of biochar @ 0 t/ha with one and two irrigations for tuber dry weight and total dry weight.
PHENOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND YIELD PERFORMANCE OF HILLY BLACK RICE CULTIVARS UNDER YEAR-ROUND CULTIVATION IN PLAIN LAND ECOSYSTEM OF BANGLADESH
Authors: Rahman Md. Rashedur , Rahman Md. Rakibur , Fazal Md. Jahid , Anwar Md. Parvez
Published: October 2020

Black rice is considered as super food due to its various health benefits to the human being. In Bangladesh this rice is cultivated in a very limited area of Chittagong hill tracts and its cultivation technique in plain land ecosystem is still unknown. Therefore, a study was undertaken to evaluate the performance of few black rice cultivars cultivated year-round in plain land environment. The experiment was performed at the Agronomy Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The experiment comprised two factors viz. A) three rice cultivars: Kongnam ene, Gelong ni and Gelong se; and B) Twelve date of transplanting starting from 01 July 2018 to 01 June 2019. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design where date of transplanting was distributed in main plots and rice cultivars were allocated in sub plots. It has been found that cultivar Kongnam ene can be cultivated as a short duration variety as it required only 40 days to panicle initiation, 60 days to flowering and 80 days to harvesting after transplanting. All the three cultivars can be cultivated in all the three seasons viz. aus, aman and boro. The cultivar Gelong ni produced significantly highest grain yield (4.0 t/ha) among the cultivars when transplanted in January (boro season).
EFFECT OF INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENTON GROWTH AND YIELD OF OKRA
Authors: Miah Raju , Methela Nusrat Jahan , Ruhi Roksana Aftab
Published: October 2020

This study was carried out at Subarna Agro-Based Initiative’s (SABI) field, Noakhali, Bangladesh during the period of Rabi Season, 2018. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the growth and yield performances of okra in different types of organic fertilizers and to identify the possible fertilizer treatment which enhances both growth and yield of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Monech] .BARI Okra-1 was taken for the study. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used and there were 4 treatments namely; Farm Yard Manure (T1), Vermi-Compost (T2), FYM + Vermi-Compost (T3) and Integrated Nutrient Management (T4) were replicated three times. Plant height (cm), number of leaves, total flower, total number of fruits, fruit length (cm) and fruit weight (g) data were taken as parameters on the growth and yield of the plant. Though fruit weight was observed higher for the effect of T3 (72.78 g) but in case of Integrated Nutrient Management (T4) the other characters such as plant height, number of leaves, total flowers, total number of fruits, fruit length were observed higher. The T4 showed a comparatively better result of growth and yield than other treatments. This study clearly indicated that Integrated Nutrient Management which contains the micronutrients with minimum inorganic and organic manure may be a potential source for better growth and high yield in okra.
A REVIEW ON: CITRUS GREENING, ITS HISTORY, SYMPTOMS AND MANAGEMENT TACTICS
Authors: Bist Sagar , Bista Sarika
Published: October 2020

Citrus greening disease or haunglongbing was critically reviewed with respect to history, symptoms and management tactics. It has been evident that citrus greening disease has emerged as a potential threat in the citrus growing areas of the world including Nepal also. It has been proven that greening disease is major cause of citrus decline; hence necessary steps should be taken for the control of citrus greening disease.
STRATEGI PEMASARAN USAHA MIKRO CITRONG (CHEESE STICK TERONG) KELOMPOK WANITA TANI MENTARI BINAAN ORGANISASI IAAS LC UNPAD
Authors: Safitri Lusi Wulan
Published: October 2020

Genteng village's potential in agriculture sector is dominated by various vegetables commodities, one of which is eggplant. The Village Concept Program that was held in 2016 have been successful on creating a collaboration between IAAS LC Unpad and Kelompok Wanita Tani Mentari, which is a snack called Citrong with eggplant as it's main ingredient. The development of Citrong as a micro business doesn't always go as planned, because Kelompok Wanita Tani Mentari still can't market this product. So, marketing strategy is needed. This research aims to create a marketing strategy of Citrong micro business for Kelompok Wanita Tani Mentari. This research use qualitative design with study case as research technique. IFAS, EFAS, IE, and QSPM matrix are used for data analysis. The results of this research is micro business of Citrong in cell II (average internal position and high external position) which shows the type of strategy “Growth and Build”. So,marketing strategy that can be applied are intensive strategies such as market penetration, market development, and product development or integrated strategies such as backward integration, forward integration and horizontal integration.Keywords : Citrong, Marketing Strategy, Micro Business
Effect Of Supply Chin Product Quality Prima Service Costumer Satisfaction And Loyality
Authors: Santi Indyah Hartami , Guntarayana Indria
Published: October 2020

This study aims to study and explain the relationships and independent variables, namely the variables Role Chain, Product Quality, Excellent Service on Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty. In this study using a mixed methods strategy using SEM Smart PLS analysis and qualitative in the derming cycle model priority concurrent triangulation strategy is the collection of qualitative data at the same time with research, then, comparing qualitative data with quantitative data to match the combination. The results of this study prove that the Research Regarding Product Quality. Assistance Chain for Customer Satisfaction. Help Chain for Customer Loyalty. Product Quality that impacts Excellent Service. Product Quality aimed at Customer Satisfaction. Product Quality that counts towards Customer Loyalty. Excellent Service To Customer Satisfaction. Excellent Service is valued towards Customer Loyalty. Customer Satisfaction Supports Customer Loyalty.
Comparação entre métodos para o cálculo de avanço da tuberosidade tibial em cães: estudo em 80 joelhos
Authors: Sampaio Maria Isabel Rocha , Costa Fabiano Sellos , Trajano Sabrina Cândido , Tudury Eduardo Alberto
Published: October 2020

Uma das técnicas cirúrgicas atuais mais populares para o tratamento da ruptura do ligamento cruzado cranial é o avanço da tuberosidade tibial (TTA). Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo comparar cinco métodos de cálculo desse avanço descritos por Dennler et al. (2006), Hoffmann et al. (2006), Vezzoni (2010), Ness (2011) e Koch (2016), verificando entre os dois joelhos do mesmo animal, se a quantidade de avanço necessária seria a mesma. Para isso os dois joelhos de 40 cães foram radiografados. No presente estudo observou-se que não há diferença significante entre os métodos de Hoffmann, de Ness e de Koch, porém há diferença entre tais métodos e os métodos de Dennler e de Vezzoni pré estabelecidas. Houve também índice de confiança moderado ao comparar o método do quadro pré definido com todos os outros métodos, assim como o da tangente comum com todos os outros métodos, exceto o do platô tibial, que demonstrou um índice de confiabilidade bom. Tal resultado positivo também foi observado ao comparar os demais métodos entre si. Quanto ao lado, não foi observada diferença significante entre membros direito e esquerdo, exceto no método descrito por Ness (2011) (p = 0,038).
MOLECULAR IMAGING METHODS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS OF CORONAVIRUS INFECTION
Authors: A.D. Kudryavtsev , A.M. Filimonova , I.А. Znamenskiy
Published: October 2020

A study was conducted to determine the possibility of using and evaluate the effectiveness of nuclear medicine methods for diagnosing inflammatory changes in the cardiovascular system in patients with coronavirus infection. The study ex-amined 10 patients with a confirmed moderate-severity COVID-19 infection without a history of cardiovascular dis-eases. The diagnosis was performed using PET / CT with 18-FDG. In the future, a visual assessment of the degree of accu-mulation of radiopharmaceuticals drugs in the myocardium and its distribution. For comparison, we used PET / CT data of the myocardium of healthy patients from the Department's database. According to the results of the study, 25% showed an increased accumulation of radiopharmaceutical in the myocardium without a clear correspondence to the vascular highways, which indicates the presence of an inflammatory process in the heart muscle, despite the absence of clinical manifestations. The study shows the high efficiency of molec-ular imaging methods in the diagnosis of inflammatory changes in the cardiovascular system in patients with COVID-19.