bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theory of Chiral Plasmonic Nanostructures Comprising Metal Nanocrystals and Chiral Molecular Media
Authors: Govorov Alexander O. , Fan Zhiyuan
Published: February 2012

Plasmonic nanocrystals strongly interact with chiral molecular shells through electric and magnetic fields and in this way acquire new chiro‐optical properties. Transfer of chirality from biomolecules to the plasmonic resonances is a collective phenomenon and strongly depends on the geometry of nanostructure. Collective effects in a molecular chiral shell may suppress or enhance plasmonic circular dichroism (CD) depending on the geometry of hybrid nanocrystal. In large chiral plasmonic structures, we identify a new electrodynamic mechanism of plasmonic CD that is qualitatively different to the near‐field, dipolar mechanism of the plasmonic chirality described by us previously. Our models also show that anisotropic nanocrystals, such as nanorods or oriented molecular shells, have strongly enhanced CD at the plasmonic frequency. A family of chiral plasmonic nanostructures proposed and modeled here can be used for designing new optical media and chiral sensors.
Involvement of activated microglia in increased vulnerability of motoneurons after facial nerve avulsion in presymptomatic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis model rats
Authors: Sanagi Tomomi , Nakamura Yasuko , Suzuki Eri , Uchino Shigeo , Aoki Masashi , Warita Hitoshi , Itoyama Yasuto , Kohsaka Shinichi , Ohsawa Keiko
Published: February 2012

Activated microglia are observed in various neurodegenerative diseases and are thought to be involved in the processes of neuronal cell death. Motoneuron damage in the facial nuclei after facial nerve avulsion is accelerated in presymptomatic transgenic rats expressing human mutant Cu2+/Zn2+ superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), compared with that in wild‐type rats. To reveal the functional role of microglia in motoneuronal death, we investigated the microglial response after facial nerve avulsion in presymptomatic mutant SOD1H46R (mSOD1H46R) rats. At 3 days after avulsion, microglial clusters were observed in the facial nuclei of both wild‐type and mSOD1H46R rats. The numbers of microglial clusters, proliferating microglia, and microglial attachments to motoneurons were significantly higher in mSOD1H46R rats, compared with those in wild‐type rats. Immunopositive signals for the phagocytic marker ED1 were significantly stronger in mSOD1H46R rats, compared with that in wild‐type rats, at 2 weeks after avulsion. Furthermore, primary microglia prepared from mSOD1H46R rats showed enhanced phagocytic activity, compared with that in wild‐type rats. The expression of P2Y12 mRNA was higher in the facial nuclei of mSOD1H46R rats, compared with that in wild‐type rats. A laser microdissection system revealed that the expression of ATF3 mRNA was higher in the motoneurons of mSOD1H46R rats, compared with that in wild‐type rats, at 2 days after avulsion. These results indicate that microglial activation in response to early neuronal damage increased in mSOD1H46R rats and suggest that the enhanced activation of microglia may lead to an increase in the vulnerability of motoneurons after avulsion in mSOD1H46R rats. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Man‐Machine Alternatives in Computer‐Based Counselor Training Systems
Authors: MEANY JOHN O.
Published: February 2012

Various orientations to the designing of computer‐based counselor training systems are examined in terms of a variety of value orientations. Planning and developmental problems in system design, including computer‐programming alternatives and man‐machine relationships, are analyzed. Inferences from related research are presented.
Characteristics of Female Members of ACES
Authors: ALICE MARY , GUTTMAN JULIUS , HICKS LAURABETH
Published: February 2012

This article presents data on characteristics of female members of the ACES organization. Data regarding the (a) personal characteristics, (b) education, (c) employment, and (d) participation in national and regional ACES activities of ACES women is presented.
Effects of Facilitator‐Directed and Self‐Directed Group Experiences
Authors: CONYNE ROBERT K.
Published: February 2012

A group experience consisting of five selected Encountertapes and five unstructured sessions (25 hours) was provided for six groups of eight people each (N=48) enrolled in a counselor education course in group procedures. Three of these groups had cofacilitators (facilitator‐directed) while three had no designated facilitators (self‐directed). Congruency was assessed by the Group Semantic Differential, a measure of self‐congruency. Disclosure was assessed by the Johari Window, a measure of self‐disclosure. No significant differences between treatments were found. Increased levels of self‐congruency and self‐disclosure were demonstrated by both treatments. Implications for counselor training and areas for additional research were suggested.
Effects of Recording on Counselors and Clients
Authors: GELSO CHARLES J.
Published: February 2012

Early research on the effects of audio recording on counselors and clients found no adverse effects, particularly on clients. This research fostered a set of beliefs about recording which is now being extrapolated to the area of video observation. Recent research, however, does suggest that audio and, in particular, video recording has an inhibitory effect on clients and counselors. The nature of these effects on clients has been found to depend on several client characteristics. Although recording is not as inhibitory as clients expect it to be, counselors tend not to be sensitive to the inhibiting effects that do occur in their clients. Implications of recent research for counselors and counselor educators are examined.
The Counseling Center Internship in Higher Education
Authors: DORN FRED
Published: February 2012

The full‐year internship is developing into an important issue and the Association for Counselor Education and Supervision has recommended that it be included in future doctoral level training. Candidates interested in a university placement, however, will find little information available.

A survey was conducted to determine the (a) location of positions, (b) required credentials, (c) methods of announcement, and (d) reaction to APGA supervision and accreditation of internship sites. Results indicate that ACES will need to become more actively involved in the development and retainment of internship positions.
The Effects of Single and Multiple Models When Teaching Counseling Interviewing Behaviors
Authors: KURPIUS DeWAYNE J. , FROEHLE THOMAS C. , ROBINSON SHARON E.
Published: February 2012

The effects of viewing a single model (one female model) as compared to viewing multiple models (two male and two female) were tested with 27 beginning master's degree students enrolled in a prepracticum course. Four measures of the dependent variable, open‐ended exploratory leads (OEEL's) were taken to allow for examination of both quantitative and qualitative differences due to the modeling conditions. Viewing multiple models, although not statistically superior to viewing a single model, did result in the highest means and smallest within treatment variation on all dependent measures. Only the quantity of produced OEEL's was significantly greater for those participants who viewed models as compared to those who did not. As a result of both the descriptive and inferential data, implications for the use of multiple and single models for counselor training are presented and discussed.
NDEA Participants Prepared for Inner‐City Counseling: A Ten‐Year Follow‐Up
Authors: WALTON JOSEPH M.
Published: February 2012

This article presents a ten‐year follow‐up of 22 former participants in a National Defense Education Act (NDEA) inner‐city counseling and guidance institute. The study reveals that 13 respondents have served as counselors in inner‐city secondary schools for an average of 7.6 postinstitute years, and several are currently functioning in positions other than that of a counselor. A majority of respondents however, seem to be involved in work activity related to counseling. Most felt that the objectives of the NDEA institute were achieved, and most revealed a positive view of the Institute's activities and curriculum after 10 years.
Marriage and Family Therapy Within Counselor Education
Authors: PIERCY FRED P. , HOVESTADT ALAN J.
Published: February 2012

Although the caseloads of mental health professionals usually reflect a high percentage of marital and family problems, few professional counselors have had any formal marriage and family therapy training. Departments of counselor education could expand to provide this training, and thus meet a need and an expressed interest of counseling students. This article describes one counselor education department's response to the need for comprehensive doctoral training in marriage and family therapy.
Characteristics of Minnesota Job Corpsmen in 1970–71
Authors: CARLSON DALE L. , KRUEGER ALBERT H.
Published: February 2012

Selected data on a limited number of Minnesota Job Corps referrals to a civilian conservation center in 1970–71 were examined to determine whether there were significant differences between long‐term enrollees and short‐term enrollees. Data was gathered from information recorded at the time of the young men's applications for the Job Corps and a questionnaire was sent to the long‐term enrollees. No significant differences were found between the long‐term enrollees and short‐term enrollees. Trends did appear, however, indicating that limited intellectual ability, completion of a substantial amount of secondary education, receipt of welfare assistance by a young man's family, and home residence in a small town or rural area might be related to retention in the Job Corps program.
Vibrational averaging of the chemical shift in crystalline α‐glycine
Authors: Dračínský Martin , Bouř Petr
Published: February 2012

Averaging of the chemical shift over the molecular motion improves the simulated data and provides additional information about the temperature dependence and system dynamics. However, crystal modeling is difficult due to the limited precision of the plane‐wave density functional theory (DFT) methods and approximate vibrational schemes. On the glycine example, we investigate how the averaging can be achieved within the periodic boundary conditions at the DFT level. The nuclear motion is modeled with the vibrational configuration interaction, with other simplified quantum anharmonic schemes, and the classical Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD). The results confirm a large vibrational contribution to the isotropic shielding values. Both the first and second derivatives of the shielding were found important for the quantum averaging. The first derivatives influence the shielding mostly due to the anharmonic character of the CH and NH stretching modes, whereas second derivatives produce most vibrational corrections associated with the lower‐frequency vibrational modes. Temperature excitations of the lowest‐frequency vibrational states and the expansion of the crystal cell both determine the temperature dependence of nuclear magnetic resonance parameters. The vibrational quantum approach as well as classical BOMD schemes provided temperature dependencies of the chemical shifts that are consistent with the previous experimental data. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prediction of autism susceptibility genes based on association rules
Authors: Gong Lejun , Yan Yunyang , Xie Jianming , Liu Hongde , Sun Xiao
Published: February 2012

Autism is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder with high heritability and an unclear etiology. The identification of key genes related to autism may elucidate its etiology. The current study provides an approach to predicting autism susceptibility genes. Genes are first extracted from the biomedical literature, and some autism susceptibility genes are then recognized as seeds by the prior knowledge. As candidates, the remaining genes are predicted by creating association rules between the seeds and candidates. In an evaluated data set, 27 autism susceptibility genes (type “Y”) are extracted and 43 possible autism susceptibility genes (type “P”) are predicted. The sum of “Y” and “P” genes accounts for 93.3% of the data set that are not contained in the typical database of autism susceptibility genes. Our approach can effectively extract and predict autism susceptibility genes from the biomedical literature. These predicted results complement the typical database of autism susceptibility genes. The web portal for the predicted results, which is freely available at http://biolab.hyit.edu.cn/ar, can be a valuable resource in studies of diseases related to genes. © 2012 Wiley Peridicals, Inc.
Dynamic changes of mitochondrial fusion and fission proteins after transient cerebral ischemia in mice
Authors: Liu Wentao , Tian Fengfeng , Kurata Tomoko , Morimoto Nobutoshi , Abe Koji
Published: February 2012

With fusion or fission, mitochondria alter their morphology in response to various physiological and pathological stimuli, resulting in elongated, tubular, interconnected, or fragmented forms. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis were performed at 2 days, 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days after 90 min of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in mice. This study showed that mitochondrial fission protein dynamin‐related protein 1 (Drp1) and fusion protein optic atrophy 1 (Opa1) were both upregulated in the ischemic penumbra, with the peak at 2 days after tMCAO, whereas phosphorylated‐Drp1 (P‐Drp1) progressively increased with a peak at 14 days after tMCAO. Double‐immunofluorescence analysis showed many Drp1/cytochrome c oxidase subunit l (COX1) double‐positive cells and Opa1/COX1 double‐positive cells in the ischemic penumbra and also showed some double‐positive cells with Drp1/terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP‐digoxigenin nick end labeling (TUNEL) and Opa1/TUNEL in the ischemic penumbra. In contrast, both Drp1 and Opa1 showed progressive decreases until 2 days after tMCAO in the ischemic core because of necrotic brain damage. The present study suggests that there was a continuous mitochondrial fission and fusion during these periods in the ischemic penumbra after tMCAO, probably in an effort toward mitophagy and cellular survival. © 2012 Wiley Peridicals, Inc.
Knowledge Sharing Barriers in Complex Research and Development Projects: an Exploratory Study on the Perceptions of Project Managers
Authors: Santos Vitor Ricardo , Soares António Lucas , Carvalho João Álvaro
Published: February 2012

Numerous projects are considered complex because of the number of stakeholders, the diversity of skills, and the uncertainty involved, requiring accurate information retrieval and management of the social interactions between different participants leading to efficient knowledge sharing. This paper reports the findings of an empirical study on knowledge sharing barriers and research and development (R&D) activities that occur in the context of complex project management. The study presents issues, difficulties, and practices acknowledged by project managers related to knowledge sharing and R&D (focused on activities that involve cooperation and collaboration). Particularly, we point out the following major knowledge sharing barriers: codification process, inadequate information technology, lack of initiative and strategy by the workers, and lack of time and resources. We also explained the following practices and issues regarding the collaborative R&D activities: information exchange and retrieval, communication barriers, interdependence of knowledge and skills, and different technical terminologies. We intend to contribute to the understanding of the work carried out in the context of complex projects to improve the management practices and the information technology platforms to support them. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determining between chyle leak and anastomotic leak after esophageal reconstruction: The utility of methylene blue dye
Authors: Kapila Shivam , Rozen Warren M. , Huang Tom , Wu Terry , Fairbank Sian
Published: February 2012

Objectives/Hypothesis:

Two common complications of esophagectomy and immediate reconstruction comprise thoracic duct injury leading to chyle leak and anastomotic leakage. These can delay optimized nutrition, speech, and swallowing rehabilitation, and thus are important to identify and treat accordingly. When either chyle leak or anastomotic leak are clinically suspected, differentiation between the two can be very difficult clinically. As both complications may result in an increase in drain output once oral intake has occurred, an effective, quick, and accurate tool is required to determine whether this increase in drain output is related to an anastomotic leak or with a increase activity in chyle production.

Study Design:

Retrospective descriptive study.

Methods:

Description of the use of oral methylene blue dye as a safe, simple, and quick clinical bedside test.

Results:

When ingested orally, an anastomotic leak will lead to blue dye staining the neck drain output immediately (within seconds to minutes). A chyle leak may also result in blue staining of the drain output; however, this is not an immediate phenomenon, and rather, based on the bioavailability of methylene blue this would take a minimum of 1 hour, and more likely up to 4 hours, as the dye is absorbed into mesenteric lymphatics and travels via the thoracic duct.

Conclusions:

With no documented contraindications or side effects from its oral use (in the absence of hypersensitivity reactions), methylene blue is an inexpensive and freely available test in the postoperative setting of esophageal reconstruction. Laryngoscope, 2012
Well‐posedness for fractional Navier–Stokes equations in the largest critical spaces
Authors: Yu Xinwei , Zhai Zhichun
Published: February 2012

This note studies the well‐posedness of the fractional Navier–Stokes equations in some supercritical Besov spaces as well as in the largest critical spaces for β ∈ (1/2,1). Meanwhile, the well‐posedness for fractional magnetohydrodynamics equations in these Besov spaces is also studied. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design of 15 dB directional coupler using substrate‐integrated waveguide technology
Authors: Mbaye Moustapha , Talbi Larbi , Hettak Khelifa , Kabiri Ali
Published: February 2012

A 15‐dB directional coupler is designed and fabricated using the substrate‐integrated waveguide (SIW) technique and Bethe's holes method (BHM).The proposed design is a perfect candidate for design of highly integrated microwave and millimeter‐wave circuits. Three holes with optimized radius are positioned on the conducting wall to achieve the desired coupling operating at X‐band. A good agreement between experimental and simulation results is obtained. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:970–973, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26678
Two‐ and four‐channel‐incoherent multiple input multiple output system operating over multimode fiber
Authors: Siuzdak Jerzy , Kowalczyk Marcin
Published: February 2012

This article presents realization of two‐ and four‐channel‐incoherent multiple input multiple output systems operating over 4.4 km of 50‐μm core silica multimode fiber.The system featured 1/2QPSK modulation, 10 Mbit/s per channel, sampling of the received signals, and off‐line postprocessing. The quality of the received signals was acceptable only for 2 × 2 system, whereas for 4 × 4 system some channels experienced temporary fading. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:940–943, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26680
One‐piece, flat‐plate, coupled‐fed shorted monopole for 2.4‐GHz wireless local area network operation
Authors: Su Saou‐Wen
Published: February 2012

A novel, one‐piece, coupled‐fed, short‐circuited monopole antenna for wireless local area network applications in the 2.4‐GHz (2400–2484 MHz) band is proposed. The monopole is in the shape of an inverted hook, short circuited to a small antenna ground of size 10 × 15 mm2 and capacitively excited by a driven coupling strip. The coupling strip is located in between the monopole and the ground by a tiny gap and grounded at one end. In this case, the antenna can be fabricated from a single metal plate at a low cost. The results showed that the antenna was very well matched with a return loss of 14 dB across the operating band and generated good dipole‐like, omnidirectional radiation patterns. Details of the design are discussed in this article. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:936–940, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26681
Experimental demonstration of nine double sideband OFDM‐UWB sub‐bands transmission along long‐reach PONs
Authors: Alves Tiago M. F. , Cartaxo Adolfo V.T.
Published: February 2012

The simultaneous distribution of nine double sideband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing ultra‐wideband signals along fiber lengths indicated for long‐reach passive optical networks is demonstrated experimentally. This is an efficient solution and an alternative to single sideband and chirped modulator approaches proposed to mitigate the dispersion‐induced power fading. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:995–999, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26686
A simple asymptotical model for analyzing wire antenna with different radius
Authors: Zhai Huiqing , Chen Qiang , Yuan Qiaowei , Sawaya Kunio , Li Long , Liang Changhong
Published: February 2012

In this research letter, a simple asymptotical model is present for analyzing wire antenna with different radius. Method of moments (MoM) based on sinusoidal basis function is used to give the analysis. In the process of using MoM for different radius, if we neglect the monopole along normal axis at the joint part, the different consideration of endpoint charges will make the final results different for conventional methods, and final results are also different with the results from HFSS and measurement results. In view of that, a simple asymptotical model is present to approximately deal with the joint part at the position of different radius. One advantage for the introduction of the present model is that the final results will be the same and independent of conventional methods. The other advantage is that the final results based on the present model have better agreement with HFSS and measurement results. Fabricated loop antennas with different radius are given as practical examples to show the advantages of the present model. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:960–964, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26689
Dipole model of rectangular patch antenna, application to self, and mutual impedance analysis
Authors: Kazemipour Alireza , Begaud Xavier , Jenu Mohd Zarar M.
Published: February 2012

Rectangular linear‐polarized patch antenna is modeled by two printed dipoles.This array of two parallel printed dipoles can be studied analytically to find the radiation characteristics of the patch antenna. Comparative results between measurement, numerical simulation, and analytical method are presented to show the performance of this new model. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1017–1019, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26706
Linearity improvement of 5.2‐GHz CMOS up‐conversion mixer for wireless applications
Authors: Murad S. A. Z. , Shahimin M. Mohamad , Pokharel R. K. , Kanaya H. , Yoshida K.
Published: February 2012

This letter presents linearity improvement up‐conversion mixer at 5.2 GHz for wireless applications. The design is based on Gilbert‐cell active double‐balanced mixer using derivative superposition method for linearity improvement. The design improvement is proposed in TSMC 0.18‐μm CMOS process. The linearity of the designed mixer is further improved using source degeneration inductors at transconductors stage. The measurement results indicate that the proposed method shows the third‐order intercept point (IIP3) of 13.5‐dBm, which is higher than previously published mixers. The mixer achieves the conversion gain of 2 dBm, and consumes 3.0 mA at 1.8 V power supply. The size of the whole chip is 0.56 mm2. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:923–925, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26711
Geometrically optimum ultra wide band 180° hybrids
Authors: Gurutzeaga Iñaki , Sedano Beatriz , Fabo Ane , Fernandez Sonia
Published: February 2012

This article presents two rat‐race 180° ring hybrid couplers that operate on ultra wide band at the frequency range of 3 to 10 GHz. All pass coplanar strip structure, based on one of the ten canonical coupled line circuits, is proposed for the λ/4 sections [1, 2], and two‐metal structure on suspended substrate [3] is used to improve the return‐losses of hybrid. Besides the two end‐shorted coupled lines for the 3λ/4 section, which is already known to broaden the narrowband behaviour of the traditional rat‐race ring [4], a three‐coupled lines structure [5] was studied as a design alternative. This hybrid could be used in a UWB low cost passive mixer with the advantage of maximizing the available space for the mixing devices and their associated circuitry, leaving free the internal area of the hybrid on the both sizes of the substrate. Consequently, the total size of the complete mixer is minimised and the compactness improved. The low coast approach is remarked by the use of standard FR‐4 laminate. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:909–915, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26718
Small size dual‐band rectangular dielectric resonator antenna based on calcium titanate (CaTiO3)
Authors: Oliveira E. E. C. , D'Assunção A. G. , Oliveira J.B. L. , Cabral A. M.
Published: February 2012

A rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) based on CaTiO3 with low profile, dual‐band and high dielectric constant is proposed as a candidate for application in wireless communication systems at the microwave band. The proposed geometry is composed by a dielectric resonator mounted on a microstrip line section that is used as the feeding element. The antenna analysis is performed using Ansoft HFSS that implements the finite element method. Measured results are shown for several DRA prototypes. A good agreement between numerical and experimental results is observed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:976–979, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26729
Radiation efficiency enhancement using lumped inductors for dual‐mode mobile phone
Authors: Lee Seung‐Jun , Park Sung‐Won , Park Chul‐Woo , Kim Young‐Sik
Published: February 2012

This letter proposes a radiation efficiency enhancement technique using a lumped inductor for a dual‐mode mobile phone.Two planar inverted‐F antennas (PIFAs) with a collinear arrangement are used for dual‐mode operation at the CDMA band of 824–894 MHz and GSM band of 880–960 MHz. Each antenna is separately connected to a lumped inductor of 4.7 nH. The electric field is more confined on each inverted‐F section at its operating band in this configuration and the coupling between PIFAs is less than −10 dB. The simulated and measured results show that radiation efficiency of the proposed antenna is improved by up to 33%. The radiation patterns are similar to those of a dipole antenna with slightly tilted main beam directions due to the PIFA placement. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1011–1013, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26735
Compact balanced bandpass filter using interdigital line resonator with high common‐mode noise suppression
Authors: Chen Jianzhong , Chen Jia
Published: February 2012

A novel balanced microstrip bandpass filter (BPF) using compact interdigital line resonator (ILR) is proposed in this article. The presented balanced BPF has shown good common‐mode (CM) noise suppression, while the size is reduced. For design purposes, the differential‐mode (DM) and CM equivalent circuits of the ILR are given. The DM resonator has a smaller size compared to the conventional quarter‐ and half‐wave resonators. In addition, the CM resonant frequency is much higher than the DM resonator frequency in the ILR. Based on this property, the CM response can be strong suppressed over the DM operating frequency range. A fourth‐order balanced BPF with a size of 23 × 22.5 mm2 and 50 dB CM noise rejection within the passband is demonstrated and measured. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:918–920, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26737
Novel pressure sensor using a Hi‐Bi photonic crystal fiber FLM and ITS demodulation method
Authors: Zhaom Yong , Song Ting‐ting , Wang Qi
Published: February 2012

To eliminate the temperature influence on pressure sensor, high birefringence photonic crystal fiber is introduced to fiber loop mirror to sensing pressure.In the pressure 0∼1.5 Mpa range, pressure sensor with the sensitivity of 3.76 nm/Mpa is realized theoretically and experimental. Also, a novel demodulation method with the sensitivity of 6.67 dB/Mpa is proposed that changing the wavelength shift into power, which decreased the cost sharply. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:915–917, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26738
The effect of solvent accessible surface on Hammett‐type dependencies of infinite dilution 29Si and 13C NMR shifts in ring substituted silylated phenols dissolved in chloroform and acetone
Authors: Blechta Vratislav , Šabata Stanislav , Sýkora Jan , Hetflejš Jiří , Soukupová Ludmila , Schraml Jan
Published: February 2012

Infinite dilution 29Si and 13C NMR chemical shifts were determined from concentration dependencies of the shifts in dilute chloroform and acetone solutions of para substituted O‐silylated phenols, 4‐R‐C6H4‐O‐SiR′2R″ (R = Me, MeO, H, F, Cl, NMe2, NH2, and CF3), where the silyl part included groups of different sizes: dimethylsilyl (R′ = Me, R″ = H), trimethylsilyl (R′ = R″ = Me), tert‐butyldimethylsilyl (R′ = Me, R″ = CMe3), and tert‐butyldiphenylsilyl (R′ = C6H5, R″ = CMe3). Dependencies of silicon and C‐1 carbon chemical shifts on Hammett substituent constants are discussed. It is shown that the substituent sensitivity of these chemical shifts is reduced by association with chloroform, the reduction being proportional to the solvent accessible surface of the oxygen atom in the Si‐O‐C link. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identifying Patient‐Reported Outcomes in Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Impact of Foot Symptoms on Self‐Perceived Quality of Life
Authors: Otter S. J. , Lucas K. , Springett K. , Moore A. , Davies K. , Young A. , Walker‐Bone K.
Published: February 2012

Background

The importance of patient‐reported outcome measures in healthcare is increasingly recognized but these need to be patient generated. Given that foot symptoms are very common in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we chose a patient‐centred model with which to investigate the patients' perspective on how their foot symptoms affected them as individuals and impacted on their self‐perceived quality of life, rather than using the traditional approaches of clinical examination (e.g. prevalence of deformities) or radiological assessments.

Methods

A 33‐item self‐administered postal questionnaire was sent to all people with RA attending outpatient clinics in three hospitals over the course of one month (n = 390). The questionnaire used both quantitative and qualitative approaches to enquire about the nature and extent of foot complaints and how respondents believed this affected their quality of life.

Results

In total, 190 usable replies were received (49%). Nearly all respondents (n = 177; 93.2%) reported that their quality of life was adversely affected by their foot complaint(s), with over half describing their quality of life as being badly or very badly affected. When asked to rate how severely foot complaints affected their quality of life using a 10 cm visual analogue scale, the mean score was 5.36 (range 0–10 ± SD 3), indicating that foot complaints have a moderate‐to‐severe effect on quality of life. Those aspects of daily living most significantly affected were: the ability to walk and the ability to wear a variety of shoes.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that people with RA focus on different aspects of the impact of their disease to doctors. Rather than foot deformity or ulceration, disease activity score or health assessment questionnaire score, patients were easily able to pinpoint the key negativities of living with RA in their feet and indicated choice of footwear and ability to walk as crucial. This study and similar ones are key to identifying appropriate patient‐reported outcome measures. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi‐pronged analysis of degradation rates of photovoltaic modules and arrays deployed in Florida
Authors: Davis K. O. , Kurtz S. R. , Jordan D. C. , Wohlgemuth J. H. , Sorloaica‐Hickman N.
Published: February 2012

The long‐term performance and reliability of photovoltaic (PV) modules and systems are critical metrics for the economic viability of PV as a power source. In this study, the power degradation rates of two identical PV systems deployed in Florida are quantified using the Performance Ratio analytical technique and the translation of power output to an alternative reporting condition of 1000 W m−2 irradiance and cell temperature of 50 °C. We introduce a multi‐pronged strategy for quantifying the degradation rates of PV modules and arrays using archived data. This multi‐pronged approach utilizes nearby weather stations to validate and, if needed, correct suspect environmental data that can be a problem when sensor calibrations may have drifted. Recent field measurements, including I‐V curve measurements of the arrays, visual inspection, and infrared imaging, are then used to further investigate the performance of these systems. Finally, the degradation rates and calculated uncertainties are reported for both systems using the methods described previously. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Peer victimization and depression in children with and without motor coordination difficulties
Authors: Campbell Wenonah N. , Missiuna Cheryl , Vaillancourt Tracy
Published: February 2012

Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a chronic disability that impacts children's performance of everyday motor‐based activities and is associated with the development of secondary social and mental health problems. The purpose of this study was to investigate peer victimization and depression in children who were and were not at risk for DCD. Selected from a population‐based sample, 159 at‐risk fifth graders were matched for age and gender to 159 controls. Children completed measures of depression and frequency of peer victimization. Results showed that children at risk for DCD reported more symptoms of depression and more frequent verbal and relational victimization than their peers. Being at risk for DCD and being bullied more frequently, especially relationally, significantly predicted increased depression symptoms. Findings highlight the importance of school psychologists remaining aware that children with DCD are at increased risk of experiencing bullying and depression. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Field testing of visual odometry aided by a sun sensor and inclinometer
Authors: Lambert Andrew , Furgale Paul , Barfoot Timothy D. , Enright John
Published: February 2012

In this paper, we present a novel approach to planetary rover localization that incorporates sun sensor and inclinometer data directly into a stereo visual odometry pipeline. Utilizing the absolute orientation information provided by the sun sensor and inclinometer significantly reduces the error growth of the visual odometry path estimate. The measurements have very low computation, power, and mass requirements, providing localization improvement at nearly negligible cost. We describe the mathematical formulation of error terms for the stereo camera, sun sensor, and inclinometer measurements, as well as the bundle adjustment framework for determining the maximum likelihood vehicle transformation. Extensive results are presented from experimental trials utilizing data collected during a 10‐km traversal of a Mars analogue site on Devon Island in the Canadian high Arctic. We also illustrate how our approach can be used to reduce the computational burden of visual odometry for planetary exploration missions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polymicrogyria in a fetus with human parvovirus B19 infection: a case with radiologic–pathologic correlation
Authors: Courtier J. , Schauer G. M. , Parer J. T. , Regenstein A. C. , Callen P. W. , Glenn O. A.
Published: February 2012

We report the prenatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance of polymicrogyria with pathologic correlation in a fetus with congenital parvovirus B19 infection. Prenatal ultrasound revealed non‐immune hydrops, but detected no fetal brain abnormalities. A subsequent fetal MRI scan performed at 23 weeks' gestation demonstrated bilateral polymicrogyria, which was confirmed at autopsy. To our knowledge, prenatal diagnosis of polymicrogyria in association with congenital parvovirus B19 infection has not been previously described. This case provides further evidence for brain abnormalities resulting from congenital parvovirus B19 infection, and suggests that fetal neuroimaging with MRI would be of value in suspected cases of congenital parvovirus infection. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aging and vision: changes in function and performance from optics to perception
Authors: Andersen George J.
Published: February 2012

Age‐related declines in vision can have a major impact on the health and well‐being of an older population. A review of research on aging and vision indicates that these declines occur at multiple levels of the visual system including optics, sensory processing, and perceptual processing and are not likely due to a systemic change in brain function (e.g., generalized slowing; common cause hypothesis) as a result of normal aging. In addition, declines in sensory and perceptual processing are not due to low‐level explanations such as the amount of light that reaches the retina. Declines in visual performance are due to a variety of distinct factors that include spatial integration and difficulty in processing visual information in the presence of noise. Neurophysiological studies suggest that processing declines may be due in part to changes in cortical inhibition mediated by changes in the level of neurotransmitters associated with inhibition. Despite the widespread declines in function with normal aging, recent research suggests that perceptual learning can be used to dramatically improve visual function for older individuals. This research suggests a high degree of plasticity of the visual system among older populations and suggests that perceptual learning is an important tool for the recovery of age‐related declines in vision. WIREs Cogn Sci 2012, 3:403–410. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1167

This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Perception and Psychophysics
Hemangioblast: an in vitro phantom
Authors: Nishikawa Shinichi
Published: February 2012

The hemangioblast, a bipotent progenitor that generates both endothelial cells (EC) and blood cells (BC) in the blood islands (BI) of the yolk sac (YS) has been a core notion of developmental hematology since the early 20th century. However, its actual presence has not been directly addressed for long. At the very end of the 20th century, the hemangioblast was revisited as a result of the development of new technologies that enable detection of such bipotent precursors in vitro. Such studies provided evidence for the presence of bipotent precursors for EC and BC. On the other hand, subsequent studies analyzing the processes occurring within BI strongly argued against the notion of hemanigioblasts and suggest that the hemangioblast is an in vitro artefact. In this article, I overview the history of the study of the hemangioblast and try to explain why hemangioblast that can be defined in vitro cannot be detected in BI. WIREs Dev Biol 2012, 1:603–608. doi: 10.1002/wdev.38

This article is categorized under:

Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Cellular Differentiation

Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: Regional Development

Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Tissue Stem Cells and Niches
Intraoperative Blood Transfusion Contributes to Decreased Long‐Term Survival of Patients With Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Komatsu Yoshihiro , Orita Hajime , Sakurada Mutsumi , Maekawa Hiroshi , Hoppo Toshitaka , Sato Koichi
Published: February 2012

Background

Several prognostic factors for patients who have undergone esophagectomy owing to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma have been suggested, including intraoperative blood loss. There are few data, however, suggesting such an association with the prognosis following radical esophagectomy.

Methods

Patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent radical esophagectomy were divided into two groups based on the median value of the intraoperative blood loss (510 g). A multivariate Cox proportional‐hazard regression analysis was performed to determine if intraoperative blood loss could be an independent prognostic factor for long‐term survival following radical esophagectomy. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis with a log‐rank test was performed between the groups.

Results

From April 2005 to May 2009, a total of 37 patients underwent radical esophagectomy for the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma at the Juntendo Shizuoka Hospital and were assigned either to one of two groups: those with ≥510 g blood loss [bleeding group (BG), n = 19] or of those with <510 g blood loss [less bleeding group (LBG), n = 18]. The distribution of the stage of disease, the number of positive lymph nodes, and the presence of lymphatic and vascular invasion was comparable between the groups, but the Kaplan–Meier survival analysis demonstrated that survival was significantly worse in the BG group than in the LBG group (p = 0.00295). This was supported by the multivariate analysis, which indicated that intraoperative blood loss was independently associated with long‐term survival after radical esophagectomy.

Conclusions

Intraoperative blood loss could be a useful prognostic factor following radical esophagectomy in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Spatial heterogeneity in mortality and its impact on the population dynamics of Eurasian woodcocks
Authors: Péron Guillaume , Ferrand Yves , Choquet Rémi , Pradel Roger , Gossmann François , Bastat Claudine , Guénézan Michel , Bauthian Isabelle , Julliard Romain , Gimenez Olivier
Published: February 2012

Spatial heterogeneity, especially in mortality risk, is a major factor shaping population dynamics. Here we study the impacts of spatial heterogeneity in hunting pressure on the demography of Eurasian woodcock Scolopax rusticola, a relatively long‐lived migratory game bird. We develop capture–recapture–recovery models in which both seasonality and spatial variation in hunting pressure are accounted for, and fit them to individual‐based data collected across the French wintering range (>44000 banded individuals) as well as recoveries from spring stopovers and breeding grounds in Europe. Our results quantify spatial variation in survival probability in the wintering areas. They highlight the role of source‐sink dynamics involving juvenile settlement decisions, as well as the importance of mortality outside the winter quarters. We also discuss the impact of spatial heterogeneity for demographic parameter estimation and data collection at the range scale.
MRI of the lung (2/3). Why … when … how?
Authors: Biederer J. , Beer M. , Hirsch W. , Wild J. , Fabel M. , Puderbach M. , Van Beek E. J. R.
Published: February 2012

Background

Among the modalities for lung imaging, proton magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been the latest to be introduced into clinical practice. Its value to replace X-ray and computed tomography (CT) when radiation exposure or iodinated contrast material is contra-indicated is well acknowledged: i.e. for paediatric patients and pregnant women or for scientific use. One of the reasons why MRI of the lung is still rarely used, except in a few centres, is the lack of consistent protocols customised to clinical needs.

Methods

This article makes non-vendor-specific protocol suggestions for general use with state-of-the-art MRI scanners, based on the available literature and a consensus discussion within a panel of experts experienced in lung MRI.

Results

Various sequences have been successfully tested within scientific or clinical environments. MRI of the lung with appropriate combinations of these sequences comprises morphological and functional imaging aspects in a single examination. It serves in difficult clinical problems encountered in daily routine, such as assessment of the mediastinum and chest wall, and even might challenge molecular imaging techniques in the near future.

Conclusion

This article helps new users to implement appropriate protocols on their own MRI platforms.

Main Messages

• MRI of the lung can be readily performed on state-of-the-art 1.5-T MRI scanners.

• Protocol suggestions based on the available literature facilitate its use for routine

• MRI offers solutions for complicated thoracic masses with atelectasis and chest wall invasion.

• MRI is an option for paediatrics and science when CT is contra-indicated
The New (Challenging) Role of Academia in Biomaterial Translational Research and Medical Device Development
Authors: Kleinbeck Kyle , Anderson Edward , Ogle Matthew , Burmania Jeanine , Kao W. John
Published: February 2012

With the ever-changing landscape of translational research, the medical device and pharmaceutical industries increasingly license technologies with the added value of clinical and/or pre-clinical data rather than those in earlier stages of development. Universities have the potential to fill the gap in product development from academic laboratories through enhanced student training and increased implementation of some development and manufacturing activities that are traditionally found only in the private sector. A development roadmap is described from initial product feasibility through commercialization in the context of efficient development practices. The specific challenges in the design and development of biomaterial-based medical devices are described in the context of this development path with an emphasis on unique challenges for academic laboratories.
No Ice-Like Water at Aqueous Biological Interfaces
Authors: Bonn Mischa , Bakker Huib J. , Tong Yujin , Backus Ellen H. G.
Published: February 2012

The surface vibrational spectrum of water at biological interfaces is often interpreted as having ‘ice-like’ and ‘liquid-like’ components. Here we show that the vibrational spectrum of water at both water–lipid and water–protein interfaces greatly simplifies upon H/D isotopic dilution, which is inconsistent with the presence of ‘ice-like’ structures. The changes in the spectra as a function of isotope content can be explained by intramolecular coupling between bend and stretch vibrations of the water molecules.