bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feminism och genus i svensk medieforskning
Authors: Kleberg Madeleine
Published: June 2022

This artide is an overview of feminist or gender perspectives within Swedish media research during the last ten to fifteen years. Books and contributions to anthologies are described and the research sorted into two categories, populär culture within media and journalism. Although this categorisation is to be questioned due to blurred boundaries of fact and fiction in media, it is useful in an overview in order to avoid the risk of neglecting one orthe otherfield. One can conclude that feministic or gender oriented research about populär culture in the media is mostly dealing with the content and questions of gender constructions, especially representation of women, but there is also an increasing interest for male constructions including representation of relations between women and men. There is a claim for not talking of the existence of one woman voice but instead of a manifold of women's voices. Little is to be found regarding the reception of populär culture and even less regarding conditions of production. The research about journalism is more oriented towards texts by women journalists and often historically oriented. Here questions of gender constructions are not salient and to some degree this can be understood by the unwillingness to let journalistic products be analysed as constructions. Nevertheless one of the most remarkable features of the feminist media research in Sweden during the last decade has been to identify and make visible (and readable) women journalists from the early part of the last century. Media and communication studies as a discipline was established at the Swedish universities around 1990. As a new academic field it should be expected to be free of old traditional bonds, but gender or feministic aspects within media research constitutes less than 10 percent of the total registered media research.
Genusinkarnationer i kyrkans rum. En könad o-ordning
Authors: Eriksson Anne-Louise
Published: June 2022

The Church of Sweden has undergone many changes concerningthe role of women duringthe last fifty years. This artide tries to investigate whether or not these changes really promotes gender equality in the church. Circumstances that on a surface level seems to be a step forward, like more women priests, can on a more hidden level point in another direction, a general weakening of the role of priests both in the society as a whole and in the church. In order to make the Church of Sweden more transparent I analyse it as if made up of (at least) three different rooms; a physical room (the church building where services are held), and two nonphysical rooms (the organisation that organises people and activities, and a divine room understood as the faith and teaching of the church). Gender understood both as a socially and culturally construal of what it is to be a woman or a man, here called "gender (without a body)", and as the individual expression of what it is to be a woman oraman, here called "gender with a body", is used to analyse the rooms. The three rooms obviously affect each other, but it is also clear that a change for the better from a feminist perspective in one of the rooms does not necessarily lead to a change in another room. So far feminist theologians in Sweden have paid much attention to what has been going on in the physical room. The article ends by stressing the importance of attention also for what goes on in the two non-physical rooms. That means a call for feminist politics in the organisation and a feminist theological re-construction of the "divine room".
- Du är inte normal! Kön, norm och frihet i Lukas Moodyssons filmer
Authors: Hansell Sven
Published: June 2022

Lukas Moodysson is both an author and filmmaker, and since his debut, his work demonstrates a strong humanistic pathos and portrays power and love. This article focuses on Moodysson's three films Fucking Åmål, Tillsammans and Lilja 4-ever. An analysis of these films shows how Moodysson questions gender structures, hegemonic masculinity and quest for power. He examines the basic conditions of society and scrutinizes symbolic systems. The critique of human exploitation becomes progressively stronger in each film, and they can be understood as a reflexive process that sheds light on the problems of masculinity. In Lilja 4-ever, Moodysson launches a fundamental attack against prostitution and trafficking. The protagonists in Moodysson's films are teenage girls on the verge of adulthood. Through these girls, Moodysson delineates a zone which is not completely exploited by patriarchal logic. Taking as a starting point what Cecilia Sjöholm has called "the Antigone complex" (in response to Freud's "Oedipus complex"), this article reveals how the film's protagonists are faced with ethical and moral choices. The unique relationship between brother and sister is emphasized in the same way as in Sophocles drama Antigone. Against an oppressive economy of desire, Moodysson poses a matriarchal principle and the utopia of a liberated domain.
Den talande kroppen. Om samhällets beredskap att hantera sexuella övergrepp på barn
Authors: Carlsson Ninni
Published: June 2022

This essay explores giris' and women's disclosure and society's readiness to handle child sexual abuse. Disclosure and readiness is analysed both on an institutional and individual level. By tuming to empirical research on sexual abuse, women's stories about disclosure and concepts used in feminist ethics and moral philosophy, the author problematizes the questions of if, how and where disclosure, social support and healing can take place. She argues that voice and silence, two of the central themes in 20th century feminism, are also central to the experiences of sexual abuse victims and their need for social support. The question of how victims can be discovered or assessed is reframed to a question of what one is allowed to see and speak about in our society. Both the victim and her network of potential helpers are restrained in their abilities to know what has taken place, to speak about it and to act on it. Instead of understanding effects and symptoms of sexual abuse as exclusively medical or psychological problems, they can be perceived and interpreted as embodied communication. When subdued, excluded, deprived of justice and prevented from revealing the secret, the body of the survivor speaks instead. There is some empirical evidence that society's reactions to different kinds of sexual abuse disclosure are gendered. Female survivors have estimated female therapists as being more helpful and sexually abused women are at risk of being sexually exploited by male professionals. A deeper understanding of if (and how) responses to sexual abuse disclosure are gendered is lacking. However, when healing from the trauma of sexual violence, disclosure, justice and care seem to be important aspects of social support.
Att återupprätta äran. Språk, subjekt och sexuellt våld i äldre tid
Authors: Edgren Monika
Published: June 2022

This article deals with ontological and epistemological approaches regarding research on sexual violence. Focusing on a rape case from a Swedish court in 1821, the feminist departure is that language, law text and its practices structure the experience and resisting power of the victim as well as the availability of bodily violation. The interpellation of the victim in the law text in the binary concepts of force and consentwere embedded in the historical situated concept honour, which described the women out of the perspective of sexual decency. It is stressed in the article that law text and its practices offered a scope beyond which no rape narratives could be pronounced induding the victims as well as the witnesses and the perpetrators. This scope forced the victim not only to pronounce her experience within a certain structure of power butalso to acknowledge prevailing sexual discourse. The theoretical approach of this study demonstrate that law text and its practices constructs positions were the victim is interpellated as a subject which at the same time is a position from where the victim can speak and be heard.The possibilitiesof resistance, "to talk back", depended on whether the victim was interpellated in a superior position to the perpetrator, for instance a higher class position. One central condusion given by this theoretical approach is that subject positions must be viewed as manifold and decentered.
Synlighet, status och strategisk skillnad? Attityder till slöjan efter den 11 september
Authors: Donnell Alison
Published: June 2022

On September 11 2001 the world was changed, butforwhom and how? In hercriticaianalyses, Alison Donnell scrutinizes the attitudes to veiling in the Western media coverage after the attack on the twin towers of the World Trade Center. The human rights abuses, and especially the sanctioned violence against women in Taliban Afghanistan had been known for many years, but was post-September 11 suddenly made media-visible - on Western terms. And in the massive coverage the veil or headscarf soon became an effective symbol of oppression. The former Orientalist gaze is being replaced, Donnell argues, by an Islamophobic. The veil, formerly viewed as an object of mystique, exotism and eroticism, is becominga highly visible sign of a despised difference. Consequently, in spite of several women's organisations opposingthe Taliban regime in Afghanistan, and in spite of the mutiple functions and values of the veil in different Islamic communities, the veiled woman is constantly represented as a passive victim and as a visual reminder of the incommensurability between Western and Islamic societies.
Hiperkalcemia i Uszkodzenie Nerek w Przebiegu Sarkoidozy—Opis Przypadku
Authors: Kempisty Anna , Kuś Jan
Published: June 2022

Zaburzenia gospodarki wapniowej w przebiegu sarkoidozy pod postacią hiperkalcemii lub/i hiperkalciurii mogą u niektórych chorych powodować uszkodzenie nerek. Zagrażająca życiu hiperkalcemia nie jest zjawiskiem częstym u chorych na sarkoidozę. Niewydolność nerek spowodowana ciężką hiperkalcemią zdarza się rzadko. W pracy zaprezentowano przypadek 53-letniego mężczyzny przyjętego do Kliniki Chorób Płuc z powodu objawów zespołu hiperkalcemicznego i niewydolności nerek, u którego rozpoznano sarkoidozę. Zastosowanie glikosteroidów systemowych spowodowało normalizację kalcemii oraz poprawę parametrów nerkowych. W artykule omówiono przyczyny hiperkalcemii u chorych na sarkoidozę, mechanizmy uszkodzenia nerek oraz postępowanie u tych chorych.
Rozpoznawanie i postępowanie w astmie w 2012 roku
Authors: Chazan Ryszarda
Published: June 2022

Na astmę choruje około 8.6% dzieci i 5.4% osób dorosłych [...]
Nieinwazyjna wentylacja mechaniczna w Polsce w 2012 roku
Authors: Czajkowska-Malinowska Małgorzata , Nasiłowski Jacek
Published: June 2022

Wprowadzenie do praktyki klinicznej nieinwazyjnej wentylacji mechanicznej (NWM) dodatnim ciśnieniem należy do przełomowych wydarzeń w medycynie, które można porównać do wprowadzenia interwencji wewnątrzwieńcowych lub leczenia nerkozastępczego. Chociaż pierwsze próby zastosowania NWM miały miejsce w latach 40. XX. wieku [...]
Wpływ interwałowego treningu hipoksycznego na płuca i serca zdrowych szczurów
Authors: Rozova Katerina , Mankovska Iryna
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Recently, particular attention has been focused on the problem of the beneficial influence of intermittent hypoxia (IH) on the human organism. However, knowledge regarding the negative effects of intermittent hypoxic training (IHT) on cellular adaptive mechanisms remains limited. The aim of the present study was to investigate: (1) lung and heart ultrastructural changes under IHT; and (2) the adequateness of morphological and morphometric methods to determine the constructive and destructive displays of hypoxia. Material and methods: Adult male Wistar rats underwent IHT every day for 7–28 days. Lung and heart tissues were assessed by morphological and cellular morphometric methods. Results: We observed evident ultra structural changes of the lung air-blood barrier (LABB) by the 7–10th day of training. Structural damage of LABB was most considerable after 2 weeks of IHT exposure, its ultrastructure partially normalized by the end of the IHT 4-weeks course: there was diminishing of LABB hydration and disappearance of areas of its destruction. The structural changes in the heart blood-tissue barrier (HBTB) were considerably less marked compared with those in LABB during the 1st and 2nd weeks of training. Heart tissue structural changes increased by the end of the fourth week of IHT. Both tissue cells revealed no significant necrotic damage of mitochondria after IHT, while changes relating to the energy-directed restructuring of mitochondria were observed. We hypothesized that acute moderate hypoxia promotes a specific type of mitosis in lung and heart tissues. Conclusions: Ultrastructural changes in the rat lung and heart tissues depend on IHT duration. The phenomenon of micromitochondria within mitochondria is an additional adaptive mechanism for IH exposure.
Kartki z historii (III)
Authors: Wojda Emil , Zieliński Jan
Published: June 2022

W dwóch wydanych już w “Pneumonologii i Alergologii Polskiej”, pracach zatytułowanych “Kartki z historii” omówiono historię Szpitala Wolskiego przy ulicy Płockiej 26 w Warszawie (obecnie Instytut Gruźlicy i Chorób Płuc) [...]
Konkurs Redaktora Naczelnego na najlepsze prace oryginalne i kazuistyczną, opublikowane w okresie od maja 2012 roku do daty kolejnego Zjazdu PTChP
Authors: Pneumonologia i Alergologia Polska Editorial Office
Published: June 2022

kolejną edycję Konkursu Redaktora Naczelnego na najlepsze prace oryginalne i kazuistyczną, opublikowane w okresie od maja 2012 roku do daty kolejnego Zjazdu PTChP [...]
Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Associated with Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma—Case Report
Authors: Gryglicka Beata , Węgrzyn-Szkutnik Irena , Milanowski Janusz , Mandziuk Sławomir , Grzybowska-Szatkowska Ludmiła , Surdyka Dariusz , Czekajska-Chehab Elżbieta , Zdunek Małgorzata
Published: June 2022

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is a rare malignant counterpart to benign neurogenes tumors such as schwannomas and neurofibromas and account for approximately 5–10% of all soft tissue sarcomas. This neoplasm is also referred to older designations as a malignant schwannoma, malignant neurilemmoma or neurogenic sarcoma. A patient was a woman of 59 years old with a diagnosed malignant neurilemmoma, treated since 1993. Operated several times and subjected to radiotherapy due to the local recurrence of the tumors located in the soft tissues of the back until 2002; Treated with chemotherapy (doxorubicin) and operated due to lung metastases. The therapy resulted in a total remission that lasted 12 months. In 2004 a new small tumor was diagnosed in the right lung, which had been followed up until 2006. The patient did not give permission to a second surgery, treated with ifosfamide. In 2006 she was operated for renal cell carcinoma of the left kidney. In 2009, due to a following progression of neurilemmoma and a worsening overall condition, she was subsequently treated with a combination of gemcitabine and docetaxel. The treatment resulted in a slight improvement, but was stopped due to complications (pancytopenia). In 2010 another progression of the disease occurred, which resulted in pleural metastases and osteolytic lesions in the vertebrae (Th6 and L2).
Wyniki konkursu Redaktora Naczelnego czasopisma „Pneumonologia i Alergologia Polska” na najlepszą pracę oryginalną i kazuistyczną opublikowaną lub zakwalifikowaną do druku w okresie od XXXI Zjazdu PTChP w Mikołajkach do XXXII Zjazdu w Wiśle
Authors: Szturmowicz Monika
Published: June 2022

Regulamin Konkursu oraz skład Komitetu Naukowegozostały zamieszczone na końcu numeru [...]
Churg-Strauss Syndrome—A Rare Disease or a Difficult Diagnosis?
Authors: Siemińska Alicja
Published: June 2022

According to the Chapel Hill consensus conference definition, Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) is a granulomatous and eosinophil-rich inflammation involving the respiratory tract, and necrotising vasculitis affecting small-to medium-sized vessels, and is associated with asthma and eosinophilia [...]
Spirometry: A Comparison of Prediction Equations Proposed by Lubiński for the Polish Population with Those Proposed by the ECSC/ERS and by Falaschetti et al.
Authors: Gólczewski Tomasz
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Prediction equations proposed by the European Community of Steel and Coal (ECSC) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS) or those proposed by Falaschetti et al. for the English population are currently recommended for use in Poland. The aim of the present study was to compare these equations with those developed by Lubiński and Gólczewski for the Polish population—both in terms of methodological correctness and appropriateness to the present Polish population. Materials and methods: The ECSC/ERS prediction equations, the Falaschetti equations, and the Polish equations (developed on the basis of data on healthy, non-smoking Poles aged 18 to 85 years [1120 men and 1625 women] who underwent spirometry in accordance with the American Thoracic Society [ATS]/ERS recommendations) were compared in terms of methodological correctness. Results: The main flaws in the ECSC/ERS equations include: (a) the a priori assumption that the age from which a given pulmonary function parameter (PFP) begins to decline is the same for all the PFPs and is equal to 25 years; (b) the fact that a single linear equation may not correctly describe age-related changes beyond the age of 25 years; (c) the fact that the lower limits of normal are defined by equations for the mean values minus 1.645 × SD (where SD is the standard deviation for differences between the observed and the expected values); and (d) the fact that the equations were developed a long time ago for previous generations and old spirometry procedures. The main flaws in the Falaschetti equations include: (a) excessive and unnecessary non-linearity of the equations; and (b) inadequate selection of the general population sample (insufficient number of elderly subjects) causing overestimation of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) to forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio in elderly subjects. The equations proposed by Lubiński and Golczewski are free from these flaws. In particular, age distribution in the sample was uniform. Moreover, with reference to each of the PFPs: (a) the age from which a given PFP began to decline was mathematically determined together with the other coefficients of the equations; and (b) the statistical significance of the non-linearity of the relationship between age and each of the individual PFPs was analysed. What is more, in the case of the oldest subjects, the Lubiński equations yielded identical results to those obtained by other authors who had thoroughly analysed PFPs in the elderly. Conclusions: The comparison presented in this paper suggests that the equations proposed by Lubiński and Gólczewski should be used in Poland rather than those proposed by ECSC/ERS or Falaschetti et al.
Diagnostyka immunologiczna i molekularna zakażeń dróg oddechowych
Authors: Demkow Urszula
Published: June 2022

Diagnostyka laboratoryjna zakażeń górnych i dolnych dróg oddechowych opiera się na metodach konwencjonalnych oraz nowoczesnych metodach biologii molekularnej. Serologia odgrywa ważną rolę w rozpoznawaniu niektórych zakażeń o etiologii wirusowej i w diagnostyce zakażeń drobnoustrojami atypowymi. Metody serologiczne nie są jednak przydatne w diagnostyce zakażeń u małych dzieci oraz u osób w immunosupresji. W przypadku patogenów niewykrywalnych metodami konwencjonalnymi oraz zakażeń o ciężkim przebiegu, zagrażających życiu, metody molekularne mają duże znaczenie.
The Outcomes of Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy for Early-Stage Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients Eligible and Ineligible for Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy
Authors: Kołodziejczyk Milena , Kępka Lucyna , Tyc-Szczepaniak Dobromira , Wierzchowski Marek
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) results in promising outcomes, comparable with the outcomes of surgery. However, not all such patients are good candidates for this treatment. We conducted a retrospective evaluation of the outcomes of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) in patients with stage I/II NSCLC with a special focus on the outcomes of patients who were eligible for SBRT but received 3D-CRT due to the unavailability of the former. Material and methods: We evaluated 132 consecutive patients with stage I/II NSCLC who had received radical 3D-CRT between 1998 and 2009. As various radiotherapy schedules had been used, biologically equivalent doses (BEDs) were calculated for all the patients. A total of 68 patients were eligible for SBRT (peripheral T1-3 N0 tumours < 5 cm in diameter). Overall survival (OS) and local progression free survival (LPFS) were estimated using Kaplan-Meier methodology for the entire study population and for the groups eligible and ineligible for SBRT. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed for the prognostic factors. Results: Median BED in the study population was 74 Gy (58–82 Gy). Patients eligible for SBRT had a significantly lower gross tumour volume (GTV) than the other patients (p < 0.00001). Three-year OS and LPFS were 37% and 50%, respectively. When we compared patients eligible for SBRT and those ineligible for SBRT the only significant difference was for three-year LPFS (58% v. 35%, p = 0.04). Multivariate analysis showed that only GTV, performance status and tumour stage were significantly correlated with local curability. Conclusions: We showed an improved local control following 3D-CRT in patients eligible for SBRT compared to the other patients. However, also in these cases, local control was inferior compared to the outcomes of SBRT reported in the literature.
Oparzenia dróg oddechowych
Authors: Wróblewski Piotr , Knefel Grzegorz , Trzaska Mariusz , Kawecki Marek , Nowak Mariusz , Kozielski Jerzy
Published: June 2022

Oparzenia inhalacyjne są głębokimi urazami obarczonymi znaczną śmiertelnością, które w istotny sposób pogarszają rokowanie chorych z ciężkimi oparzeniami ciała. Zmiany zachodzące pod wpływem urazu inhalacyjnego obejmują: obrzęk i martwicę błony śluzowej oskrzeli, zwiększenie przepływu krwi przez naczynia płucne i wzrost ich przepuszczalności, gromadzenie się w świetle oskrzeli wałeczków zbudowanych ze śluzu, obumarłych komórek, włóknika i neutrofili oraz uogólnioną reakcję zapalną mediowaną przez cytokiny. W wyniku opisanych procesów dochodzi do zaburzeń wymiany gazowej w płucach i w konsekwencji do niedotlenienia tkanek. Wprowadzenie standaryzowanych procedur diagnostyki endoskopowej u chorych z podejrzeniem oparzenia dróg oddechowych pozwoliło na szybkie rozpoznanie tego urazu i wdrożenie specjalistycznego leczenia, skutkującego zmniejszeniem liczby zgonów z powodu oparzeń. Stosowane metody terapeutyczne nie zawsze są skuteczne, a przy tym obarczone powikłaniami wynikającymi z instrumentacji dróg oddechowych. Istnieje więc konieczność stałej modyfikacji postępowania i poszukiwania nowych metod leczenia. Obserwowane korzystne efekty wczesnych zabiegów tlenoterapii hiperbarycznej dają nadzieję na szybkie wprowadzenie tej metody do standardów leczenia oparzeń inhalacyjnych.
Comparison of Selected Markers of Local and Systemic inflammation in Patients with Community-Acquired Pneumonia and Pneumonia Co-existing with Lung Cancer
Authors: Urbaniak Agnieszka , Zięba Marek , Zwolińska Anna , Szkudlarek Urszula , Łuczyńska Maria , Noweta Krzysztof , Kwiatkowska Sylwia
Published: June 2022

Background: The aim of the study was to compare markers of local and systemic inflammation in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and pneumonia co-existing with lung cancer. Material and methods: We enrolled 17 patients with CAP (Group 1), 14 patients with pneumonia co-existing with lungcancer (Group 2), 24 patients with lung cancer (Group 3) and 16 healthy individuals (Group 4, the control group). We evaluated the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and serum concentrations of VEGF and TNF-α. Results: We found significantly higher EBC concentrations of VEGF and TNF-α in patients with pneumonia co-existing with lung cancer than in CAP patients (317.83 ± 77.78 vs. 30.20 ±6.56 and 1.98 ± 0.13 vs. 0.31 ± 0.05, respectively). Although the EBC concentration of H2O2 in patients with pneumonia co-existing with lung cancer was higher than that in CAP patients (0.96 ± 0.16 vs. 0.66 ± 0.09), the difference was not significant (p > 0.05). In CAP patients, however, we observed significantly higher serum concentrations of both cytokines compared to patients with pneumonia co-existing with lung cancer (VEGF: 1112.62 ± 244.38 vs. 392.9 ± 78.2; TNF-a: 2.6 ± 0.48 vs. 1.6 ± 0.2). Conclusions: Patients with pneumonia co-existing with lung cancer show a distinct tendency towards local oxidative stress and a significantly increased local response compared to CAP patients. On the other hand, systemic inflammation in patients with pneumonia co-existing with lung cancer is markedly reduced compared to patients with CAP
Tobacco Smoking and the Fight against Tobacco Addiction: A Lookat Iran and the Other Countries of the Persian Gulf Region
Authors: Puścińska Elżbieta , Górecka Dorota
Published: June 2022

Each year tobacco smoking kills more than fivemillion people worldwide and is one of the majorcauses of premature death [...]
Leczenie Przewlekłej Obturacyjnej Choroby Płuc-Bronchodylatacja I Przeciwzapalna Farmakoterapia Celowana
Authors: Mróz Robert , Skopiński Tomasz , Hołownia Adam , Chyczewska Elżbieta , Braszko Jan
Published: June 2022

Stosowane obecnie farmakologiczne leczenie POChP opiera się na profilaktyce - terapii antynikotynowej oraz leczeniu objawowym, czyli stosowaniu wziewnych leków antycholinergicznych, β₂-agonistów, inhibitorów fosfodiesterazy, głównie pod kątem ich skuteczności bronchodylatacyjnej. W zaawansowanym stadium stabilnej choroby zaleca się leczenie wziewnymi steroidami kory nadnerczy, chociaż ich wpływ na przebieg choroby w dalszym ciagu wzbudza kontrowersje. Autorzy niniejszej pracy zanalizowali wybrane grupy leków stosowanych w POChP pod kątem ich potencjalnego mechanizmu działania przeciwzapalnego i plejotropowego, który może mieć wpływ na modyfikację przebiegu choroby.
Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome with Two Extraglandular Sites Involvement—Case Report
Authors: Szturmowicz Monika , Wilińska Ewelina , Paczek Anna , Wawrzyńska Liliana , Opoka Lucyna , Gątarek Juliusz , Langfort Renata , Rowińska-Zakrzewska Ewa , Torbicki Adam
Published: June 2022

Pierwotny zespół Sjögrena (pSS) jest przewlekłą postępującą chorobą zapalną o podłożu autoimmunologicznym, charakteryzującą się naciekiem limfocytarnym gruczołów wydzielania zewnętrznego, który prowadzi do zmniejszenia funkcji wydzielniczej tych gruczołów i w konsekwencji—do zespołu suchości. U 40–60% chorych dochodzi do rozwoju pozagruczołowych objawów choroby. W pracy opisano przypadek chorej na pierwotny zespół Sjögrena, przebiegający z zajęciem płuc i układu pokarmowego.
Od redakcji
Authors: Pneumonologia i Alergologia Polska Editorial Office
Published: June 2022

Od Zjazdu Towarzystwa w Mikołajkach obejmuję stanowisko Pre-zesa Polskiego Towarzystwa Chorób Płuc [...]
Gastric Sarcoidosis—A Case Report
Authors: Ziora Dariusz , Trzepióra Barbara , Kozielski Jerzy
Published: June 2022

Gastrointestinal sarcoidosis is very rare manifestation of the illness. This article presents patient who had been diagnosed for several months because of abdominal pain, vomiting and significant weight loss. Numerous gastric endoscopy examina- tions showed the difficult healing ulcers in the stomach, progressive thickening of the mucosal folds with narrowing of the lumen, lack of peristalsis and the rigidity of the walls. Histological examination of the specimen of the ventricular mucosa revealed chronic inflammation, as well as suspicion of tumor infiltration. Finally gastric sarcoidosis has been diagnosed on the basis of CT with double contrast, and histopathological examination of biopsis of stomach collected during laparotomy.
Zasady postępowania diagnostycznego i opieki nad chorymi z wrodzonym niedoborem alfa-1 antytrypsyny
Authors: Chorostowska-Wynimko Joanna , Niżankowska-Mogilnicka Ewa , Bakuła Agnieszka , Górecka Dorota , Kulus Marek , Kuca Paweł , Roszkowski-Śliż Kazimierz , Sanak Marek , Socha Piotr , Śliwiński Paweł
Published: June 2022

Niedobór alfa-1 antytrypsyny (AAT, alpha-1 antitrypsin) jest najczęstszą uwarunkowaną genetycznie chorobą w populacji osób dorosłych rasy kaukaskiej [...]
Phenotypic Characterization of Pyrazinamide-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolated in Poland
Authors: Napiórkowska Agnieszka , Augustynowicz-Kopeć Ewa , Zwolska Zofia
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Pyrazinamide (PZA) is an important first-line anti-tuberculous drug, which is applied together with INH, RMP, EMB, and SM. This drug plays a unique role in the first phase of TB therapy because it is active within macrophages and kills tubercle bacilli. Testing the resistibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to PZA is technically difficult because PZA is active only at acid pHs. Therefore, routine drug resistibility testing of M. tuberculosis for PZA is not performed in many laboratories. The objective of our study was to estimate the resistibility for PZA among M. tuberculosis isolates from polish patients in the years 2000–2008. Material and methods: We analyzed M. tuberculosis strains with different resistibility to first-line anti-tuberculous drugs. The strains were isolated from 1909 patients with tuberculosis. The strains were examined for PZA resistibility by the radiometric Bactec 460-TB method. The PZA-resistant strains were examined for the following MIC PZA for drug concentrations: 100, 300, 600, 900 μg/mL. Results: PZA resistance among M. tuberculosis strains was found in 6.7% of untreated patients and in 22.2% of previously treated patients (p < 0.001). In both groups, resistance to PZA correlated with drug resistance for INH+RMP+SM+EMB—in 32.7% of untreated patients and in 34.5% previously treated patients (p < 0.8). PZA-monoresistant strains were observed in 20.8% of untreated patient groups. Among the resistant strains: in 3.4% MIC for PZA was > 100 μg/mL, in 11.6% ≥ 300 μg/mL, in 8.9% ≥ 600 μg/mL, and in 76% ≥ 900 μg /mL. Conclusions: Among M. tuberculosis strains, PZA resistance was found in 6.7% of untreated patients and in 22.2% of previously treated patients. Among the PZA-resistant strains, very high MIC values for PZA (≥900 μg/mL) were revealed for 76% M. tuberculosis strains.
The Value of Topotecan in the Second-Line Treatment of Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Preliminary Report
Authors: Biernacka Beata , Krawczyk Paweł , Buczkowski Jarosław , Siwiec Anna , Perżyło Katarzyna , Milanowski Janusz
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive malignancy with a high potential for growth and spread. Responses to first-line treatment are common but generally short-lived. Nearly all patients with extensive disease and most with limited disease relapse. The choice of second-line treatment depends on many factors, including previous treatment, previous response, time from completion of previous treatment to progression, and performance status. The most common chemotherapy regimen used in the second-line setting is the one which has led to long-term remission in the first-linesetting. Topotecan monotherapy is increasingly used in second-line treatment, especially in patients with poor performance status. Material and methods: Our aim was to evaluate the outcomes of topotecan monotherapy and to determine the effects of predictive/prognostic factors on the efficacy of the treatment. We investigated 42 patients with SCLC with extensive disease. Twenty-one subjects received topotecan monotherapy and the remaining ones received other chemotherapy regimens. Using the Cox proportional hazards model we demonstrated that such factors as the following reduce overall survival to the greatest degree: age over 65 years (HR = 2.35), anaemia (HR = 1.83), and poor performance status (HR = 1.51). A predictive/prognostic scale was created taking into account 6 factors that were assigned scores depending on the hazard ratio values. Results: The survival probability of subjects managed with topotecan was non-significantly higher (P = 0.097) in the group of subjects who scored less than 10, compared to the group scoring 10 or more on our proposed scale. The scale failed to prove useful for predicting the course of SCLC in patients receiving other chemotherapy. Objective response to topotecan was observed in 5 patients (24%). Conclusions: Precise qualification for topotecan monotherapy may prolong survival and increase the response rate.
Śródmiąższowa choroba płuc u dzieci związana z niedoborem białek B i C surfaktantu
Authors: Szczawińska-Popłonyk Aleksandra , Bręborowicz Anna , Langfort Renata
Published: June 2022

Śródmiąższowa choroba płuc u dzieci jest związana etiologicznie i patogenetycznie z heterogenną grupą czynników o charakterze infekcyjnym, immunologicznym i metabolicznym. U dzieci znaczącą rolę odgrywa niedobór białek B i C surfaktantu (SP-B, SP-C), wynikający z defektu ich syntezy lub zaburzenia wytwarzania transportera ABCA3, jak również z upośledzenia innych szlaków metabolicznych. W pracy przedstawiono manifestację kliniczną, obraz radiologiczny, podłoże molekularne i rokowanie w śródmiąższowym zapaleniu płuc związanym z niedoborem SP-B i SP-C.
Acquired Methaemoglobinaemia—A Case Report
Authors: Paczek Anna , Wawrzyńska Liliana , Mendek-Czajkowska Ewa , Kober Jarosław , Torbicki Adam
Published: June 2022

Methaemoglobinaemia is a rarely diagnosed, life-threatening pathology and involves the presence of more than 1% of oxidised haemoglobin in the blood that is unable to carry oxygen. We report the case of a 49-year-old male who developed fulminant symptoms of acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure and in whom acute and chronic cardiovascular and respiratory conditions had been ruled out. The discrepancy between oxygen saturation determined by pulse oximetry and oxygen saturation and oxygen partial pressure determined by capillary blood gas analysis, as well as the evident lack of response to oxygen therapy, were important indicators suggestive of a haemoglobinopathy and the diagnosis of methaemoglobinaemia. His methaemoglobin level was 16%. The symptoms resolved spontaneously and the causative factor was not identified.
Author’s Response to Commentary of T.M. Zielonka “Medical Students’ Attitudes towards Tobacco Smoking at First and Sixth Year of Their Studies 2002–2008”
Authors: Siemińska Alicja
Published: June 2022

Dziękuję doktorowi Tadeuszowi Zielonce za obszerny komentarz naszego artykułu „Postawy wobec palenia tytoniu wśród studentów I i VI roku medycyny z rocznika studiów 2002–2008” [...]
Leki przeciwleukotrienowe w leczeniu obturacyjnych chorób płuc i nieżytu nosa
Authors: Mastalerz Lucyna , Kania Aleksander
Published: June 2022

Ostatnio opublikowane międzynarodowe raporty: Światowej Inicjatywy Zwalczania Astmy, PRACTicing ALLergology i Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma rekomendują leki przeciwleukotrienowe w terapii astmy u dorosłych i u dzieci oraz w alergicznym nieżycie nosa. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono argumenty za i przeciw lekom antyleukotrienowym w leczeniu obturacji dróg oddechowych.
Program of Early Detection of Pulmonary Neoplasms by the Computed Tomography—Preliminary Szczecin Experience
Authors: Grodzki Tomasz , Walecka Anna , Fabian Wiesława , Daniel Bohdan , Witkiewicz Iwona , Jarmoliński Tomasz , Alchimowicz Jacek , Wójcik Janusz
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Lung cancer (LC) remains one of the most serious epidemiological and clinical challenges both in the world and Poland. Results of LC therapy are far from satisfaction. One of the reasons of high LC mortality is its late detection. Currently, few centers in the world conduct LC screening programs based on low-dose spiral computed tomography (CT) of the chest. There have been no such programs in Poland up to date. Material and methods: The program of LC early detection based on CT for citizens of Szczecin aged 55–65, who smoked at least 20 pack/years, was introduced on May 1st 2008 and was planned for 3 years. There were 3647 subjects examined till December 31st 2008. Algorithm of further action for detected lesions was based on the IELCAP and NELSON trial protocols. Results: There were 25 malignancies detected, including 21 LC (17 females and 4 males) up to date (70% were in stage ITNM). In contrast—there was only 16.8% stage IA LC detected in the comparable group diagnosed on the symptoms basis. Fifty seven patients were treated surgically, of whom 16 underwent lobectomy or pneumonectomy coupled with radical mediastinal lymphadenectomy. There were 3 wedge resections and 2 segmentectomies performed, too. Perioperative mortality was 0%. There were 32 benign lesions of different clinical importance resected as well (tuberculoma, hamartoma, inflammatory, mycotic and sarcoidal lesions). In our group 1365 lesions were detected in 996 persons—they are followed up in accordance with the IELCAP algorithm. Conclusions: Early LC detection program initiated in Szczecin resulted in significant increase of stage IA TNM detectedpatients subsequently treated radically. There was also a large number of small non malignant lesions detected.
Exposure to Passive Smoking among Current Smokers and Non-Smokers
Authors: Chądzyński Radosław , Woźniak Krzysztof , Nowogórska Anita , Domagała-Kulawik Joanna
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Few studies have evaluated exposure to passive smoking among current smokers. The aim of our study was to assess environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in current smokers, as well as attitudes towards smoking. Material and Methods: We used a questionnaire containing questions about epidemiological information and the history of smoking, including exposure to ETS. The study was conducted in a group of 114 healthy individuals (mean age 29.7 years). Results: 57 of the participants (50%) declared to be daily smokers, 32 (28%) had never smoked, 11 (9.6%) were ex-smokers, and 14 (12%) defined themselves as occasional-smokers. The total exposure to ETS of the entire group was 89.47% (current smokers 87.72%, never-smokers 93%). No significant difference in the range of exposure to ETS according to the place of exposure was found. Symptoms occurring most often during exposure to ETS in the group of smokers were: sputum production 42.1%, cough 31%, lacrymation 24.6%, wheezing 21.0%. Never-smokers suffered mainly from cough 50%, dyspnea 46.9%, lacrymation 46.9%. Wheezes occurred significantly more often in the group of current smokers than in never-smokers (21% v. 3.2%), while dyspnea was significantly more frequent in never-smokers than current smokers (48.4% v. 13.7%). Smokers were less in favor of introducing a smoking ban than never-smokers (public places 77.6% v. 100%, friends’ houses 39.6% v. 86.7%, pubs and discos 41.1% v. 84.4%). Over 66% of smokers declared their wish to quit smoking. Seventy percent of subjects who had been exposed to ETS in childhood started smoking significantly earlier than those who had not been exposed. Conclusions: Our study showed the problem of ’double‘ exposure to tobacco smoke. Current smokers are in favor of a smoking ban in public places.
Nongenomic Effects of Glucocorticoids, an Important Mechanism of Inhaled Glucocorticoids Action in Asthma
Authors: Grzanka Alicja , Jarząb Jerzy
Published: June 2022

Authors describe the clinical implications of nongenomic effects of glucocorticoids, important also for the inhaled drugs. Data suggest that these rapid actions of glucocorticoids are important in the pharmacotherapy of asthma, particularly for prevention and treatment of acute exacerbations. Their influence on remodeling is also considered.
Professor Janina Misiewicz
Authors: Rowińska-Zakrzewska Ewa
Published: June 2022

Czuję się zaszczycona, mogąc przypomniećPanią Profesor dr hab. med. Janinę Misiewicz, kobietę, która stworzyła Instytut Gruźlicy i dała poII wojnie światowej podwaliny polskiej ftyzjatrii [...]
Najczęstsze zakażenia przeszczepionych płuc
Authors: Korzeniewska Anna , Dyła Tomasz , Kosacka Monika , Jankowska Renata
Published: June 2022

Jednym z najczęstszych powikłań po przeszczepieniu płuc jest ich zakażenie. Wśród patogenów wywołujących infekcje znajdują się drobnoustroje oportunistyczne oraz pochodzące ze środowiska szpitalnego, przy czym najczęściej izolowane są Pseudomonas aeruginosa, cytomegalowirus oraz Aspergillus fumigatus. Ciężkość zakażeń oraz czas ich ujawnienia zależą w dużym stopniu od zastosowanej profilaktyki. Niektóre infekcje, specyficzne dla mukowiscydozy, mogą zasadniczo wpłynąć na około- i pooperacyjną śmiertelność. Poszczególne ośrodki różnią się w opinii, które zakażenia stanowią przeciwwskazanie do transplantacji.
Smoking and Interstitial Lung Disease? Commentary to the Article of E. Wiatr “Smoking-Related Interstitial Lung Diseases”
Authors: Zielonka Tadeusz M.
Published: June 2022

W jednym z ostatnich numerów “Pneumonologii i Alergologii Polskiej” ukazał się bardzo ważny artykuł prof. E. Wiatr, uświadamiający, że szkodliwość palenia papierosów nie ogranicza się do wywoływania powszechnie znanych chorób, takich jak przewlekła obturacyjna choroba płuc (POChP) i rak płuca, ale odpowiedzialne jest także za powstawanie niektórych chorób śródmiąższowych płuc (ILD), takich jak histiocytoza z komórek Langerhansa, złuszczające śródmiąższowe zapalenie płuc (DIP) i zapalenie oskrzelików współistniejące z chorobą śródmiąższową (RB-ILD) [...]
Author’s Response to Commentary of Reviewer
Authors: Kupryś-Lipińska Izabela , Elgalal Anna , Kuna Piotr
Published: June 2022

W odpowiedzi na komentarz Recenzenta autorzy stwierdzają, co następuje [...]
Potential Role of Endothelin in Patients with Acute Pulmonary Embolism and Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Pedowska-Włoszek Justyna , Kostrubiec Maciej , Pruszczyk Piotr
Published: June 2022

Endothelins (ET), a family of three peptides of strong vasoconstrictive properties, participate in the regulation of vascular tone and blood flow. The synthesis and degradation of the ET predominantly take place in the pulmonary vasculature. Elevated plasma ET levels were reported in various forms of arterial pulmonary hypertension including chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Moreover, clinical studies with nonselective ET receptor antagonist—bosentan reported improvement in functional class in patients with CTEPH. It has been suggested that endothelins may play an important role in acute pulmonary thromboembolism (APE). However, further studies are necessary to verify these observations. In the current paper we discuss a potential role of endothelins in CTEPH and APE.
Ultrasonography in Respiratory Diseases. Commentary to the Article of Mysiorski G. et al.
Authors: Pneumonologia i Alergologia Polska Editorial Office
Published: June 2022

Ultrasonography in Respiratory Diseases. Commentary to the Article of Mysiorski G. et al. [...]
Odpowiedź Autora na Komentarz do Pracy “Miejsce Ultrasonografii w Diagnostyce Pulmonologicznej”
Authors: Mysiorski Grzegorz
Published: June 2022

Bardzo dziękuję Panu Doktorowi za wnikliwąi krytyczną lekturę artykułu [...]
Third Polish-French Pneumonological Conference, Warsaw, 24–25 October 2008
Authors: Domagała-Kulawik Joanna , Zielonka Tadeusz
Published: June 2022

W dniach 24–25 października 2008 roku od-była się w Warszawie Trzecia Polsko-FrancuskaKonferencja Pneumonologów [...]
Association of A/T Polymorphism of the CHRM2 Gene with Bronchodilator Response to Ipratropium Bromide in Asthmatic Children
Authors: Szczepankiewicz Aleksandra , Bręborowicz Anna , Sobkowiak Paulina , Kramer Lucyna , Popiel Anna
Published: June 2022

Introduction: The aim of this study was to analyze the possible association of A/T polymorphism of the CHRM2 gene with asthma, and pharmacogenetic analysis of the polymorphism with bronchodilator response to ipratropium bromide, an anticholinergic drug used in asthma. Material and methods: Analysis was performed in a group of 113 children diagnosed with bronchial asthma, and in a group of 123 healthy children from a control group. Moreover, in the group of 32 asthmatic children without concurrent treatment with long-acting β2-agonists, bronchodilator response to ipratropium bromide was evaluated by the spirometric lung function test. Genetic analysis was performed for A/T polymorphism (rs6962027) of the CHRM2 gene. Genotyping was done with the PCR-RFLP method. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistica v.7.1 software. Results: No association of A/T polymorphism was found with asthma (p = 0.865 for genotypes and p = 0.782 for alleles). In the pharmacogenetic analysis, it was observed that patients carrying TT genotype of CHRM2 gene polymorphism demonstrated significantly poorer response to anticholinergic drug as compared to the patients with other genotypes for this polymorphism (p = 0.035). Conclusions: We found that TT genotype in the CHRM2 gene was associated with poor bronchodilator response in asthmatic patients. The results should be analyzed carefully considering the small sample size and should be confirmed by other research groups.
Analysis of Solitary Pulmonary Nodules Found in Chest Radiograms
Authors: Dąbrowska Marta , Kolasa Anna , Żukowska Małgorzata , Lesiński Jan , Domagała-Kulawik Joanna , Maskey-Warzęchowska Marta , Krenke Rafał , Rowiński Olgierd , Chazan Ryszarda
Published: June 2022

Introduction: The detection of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) has increased due to widespread use of computed tomography; nevertheless, chest radiographs still remain the basic routine examination. The aim of the study was to estimate the detection of SPNs in routine chest X-rays in hospitalized patients and to assess the incidence of malignancy in newly diagnosed SPNs. Material and methods: We analyzed 5726 routine chest radiographs of patients admitted to the Department of Internal Diseases, Pneumology and Allergology in 2004 and 2005. Most of the patients were admitted to hospital due to emergency reasons. The malignant nature of the nodules was confirmed by pathological examination. The nature of benign nodules was confirmed either by pathological examination or based on radiological criteria: no growth within 2 years of radiological follow up, regression in control radiograms or CT scans, benign pattern of calcification. Results: Among the 5726 radiograms we found 116 newly diagnosed SPNs (2.2%). Twenty-four nodules (21%) were malignant: NSCLC in 21 cases and metastases in 3 cases. Fifty-one nodules (44%) were benign. In 19 patients (16%) SPNs proved to be artefacts or erroneously interpreted extrathoracic lesions. In 22 cases (19%) there was no final diagnosis (lack of data, diagnostic procedure renunciation). Conclusion: The incidence of newly detected SPNs in chest X-rays was 2.2%. Most SPNs were benign. About 21% of SPNs were diagnosed as malignant.
Report from BAL/WASOG International Conference 2008
Authors: Domagała-Kulawik Joanna , Dubaniewicz Anna , Jarzemska Agnieszka , Golian-Geremek Anna , Puścińska Elżbieta
Published: June 2022

XI Międzynarodowa Konferencja BAL, ponownie zorganizowana w Grecji pod przewodnictwem prof. Stavrosa Constantopoulusa, została połączona z IX Spotkaniem World Association of Sarcoidosis and Other Granulomatous Diseases (WASOG) [...]
Komentarz do pracy A. Dubaniewicz i G. Moszkowskiej: “Analiza częstości występowania alleli DRB i DQ u chorych na sarkoidozę i gruźlicę płuc z terenu północnej Polski”
Authors: Zielonka Tadeusz M.
Published: June 2022

Z dużym uznaniem należy odnieść się do badań Dubaniewicz i Moszkowskiej nad genetycznymi uwarunkowaniami zachorowań na sarkoidozę i gruźlicę, które przyniosły interesujące wyniki opublikowane w “Pneumonologii i AlergologiiPolskiej” [...]