bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal evaluation of diffusion tensor imaging and cognition in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Kozora E , Filley C M , Erkan D , Uluğ A M , Vo A , Ramon G , Burleson A , Zimmerman R D , Lockshin M D
Published: August 2018

Objective

This pilot study aimed to examine longitudinal changes in brain structure and function in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and neuropsychological testing.

Methods

Fifteen female SLE patients with no history of major neuropsychiatric (NP) manifestations had brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with DTI at baseline and approximately 1.5 years later. At the same time points, a standardized battery of cognitive tests yielding a global cognitive impairment index (CII) was administered. At baseline, the SLE patients had mean age of 34.0 years (SD = 11.4), mean education of 14.9 years (SD = 2.1), and mean disease duration of 121.5 months (SD = 106.5). The MRI images were acquired with a 3T GE MRI scanner. A DTI sequence with 33 diffusion directions and b-value of 800 s/mm2 was used. Image acquisition time was about 10 minutes.

Results

No significant change in cognitive dysfunction (from the CII) was detected. Clinically evaluated MRI scans remained essentially unchanged, with 62% considered normal at both times, and the remainder showing white matter (WM) hyperintensities that remained stable or resolved. DTI showed decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) and increased mean diffusivity (MD) in bilateral cerebral WM and gray matter (GM) with no major change in NP status, medical symptoms, or medications over time. Lower FA was found in the following regions: left and right cerebral WM, and in GM areas including the parahippocampal gyrus, thalamus, precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, angular gyrus, parietal lobe, and cerebellum. Greater MD was found in the following regions: left and right cerebral WM, frontal cortex, left cerebral cortex, and the putamen.

Conclusions

This is the first longitudinal study of DTI and cognition in SLE, and results disclosed changes in both WM and GM without cognitive decline over an 18-month period. DTI abnormalities in our participants were not associated with emergent NP activity, medical decline, or medication changes, and the microstructural changes developed in the absence of macrostructural abnormalities on standard MRI. Microstructural changes may relate to ongoing inflammation, and the stability of cognitive function may be explained by medical treatment, the variability of NP progression in SLE, or the impact of cognitive reserve.
Exploring the Mediating Effect of Parent Brand Reputation on Brand Equity
Authors: Joshi Richa , Yadav Rajan
Published: August 2018

Companies with product line consisting of multiple brands very well understand the weightage of parent brand reputation as a seal of approval to consumers. This understanding not only helps them bolstering the reputation of other products but also creates a powerful brand voice and resulting brand equity. Brand equity is understood with the help of multiple dimensions in the existing literature. In addition to this, many researches on brand extension have traced the pivotal change in brand equity owing to the variation in brand extension attitude of consumers. However, very little amount of significant contribution has been observed with respect to the mediating role of parent brand reputation. Specifically, the article proposes to test the role of parent brand reputation in mediating the relationship of brand extension with brand equity.
The effects of prearrival direct notification call to interventional cardiologist on door-to-balloon time in patients who required secondary diversion with ST-elevation myocardial infarction for primary percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Choe Jeong Cheon , Cha Kwang Soo , Choi Jin Hee , Ahn Jinhee , Kim Jin Hee , Park Jin Sup , Yang Mi Jin , Lee Hye Won , Oh Jun-Hyok , Choi Jung Hyun , Lee Han Cheol , Hong Taek Jong
Published: August 2018

Background:

Rapid door-to-balloon times in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention are associated with favorable outcomes.

Objectives:

We evaluated the effects of prearrival direct notification calls to interventional cardiologists on door-to-balloon time for ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

Methods:

A 24-h hotline was created to allow prearrival direct notification calls to interventional cardiologists when transferring ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients. In an urban, tertiary referral center, patients who visited via inter-facility or the emergency department directly were included. Clinical parameters, time to reperfusion therapy, and in-hospital mortality were compared between patients with and without prearrival notifications.

Results:

Of 228 ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients, 95 (41.7%) were transferred with prearrival notifications. In these patients, door-to-balloon time was shorter (50.0 vs 60.0 min, p = 0.010) and the proportion of patients with door-to-balloon time < 90 min was higher (89.5% vs 75.9%, p = 0.034) than patients without notifications. These improvements were more pronounced during “off-duty” hours (52.0 vs 78.0 min, p = 0.001; 88.3% vs 72.3%, p = 0.047, respectively) than during “on-duty” hours (37.5 vs 43.5 min, p = 0.164; 94.4% vs 79.4%, p = 0.274, respectively). In addition, door-to-activation time (–39 vs 11 min, p < 0.001) and door-to-catheterization laboratory arrival time (33 vs 42 min, p = 0.007) were shorter in patients with prearrival notifications than those without. However, in-hospital mortality was similar between the two groups (6.3% vs 6.8%, p = 0.892).

Conclusion:

Prearrival direct notification calls to interventional cardiologists significantly improved the door-to-balloon time and the proportion of patients with door-to-balloon time < 90 min through rapid patient transport in primary percutaneous coronary intervention scheduled hospital and readiness of the catheterization laboratory.
Differentiating Takotsubo cardiomyopathy from ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Asher Elad , Odeh Qasim , Sabbag Avi , Goldkorn Ronen , Elian Dan , Ben Zekry Sagit , Peled Yael , Abu-Much Arsalan , Mazin Israel , Beigel Roy , Matetzky Shlomi ,   ; for the Platelets and Thrombosis in Sheba-PLATIS Study Group
Published: August 2018

Background:

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy affects between 1.7% and 2.2% of patients hospitalized with suspected acute coronary syndromes. Characterized by chest pain, electrocardiogram changes, and transient left ventricular apical wall motion abnormality, it is under-recognized and often misdiagnosed.

Objectives:

In order to better differentiate between St-segment myocardial infarction and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, we developed a scoring system.

Methods:

Of the 82 patients enrolled with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, 67 had ST-segment elevation on electrocardiogram and were compared with 79 ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients. A multi-variant logistic regression model was used to find factors independently associated with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. The Platelets and Thrombosis in Sheba (PLATIS)-Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is based on a 10-point scoring system: stressful events (3), females (2), no history of diabetes mellitus (2), estimated left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 40% on admission echo (1), positive troponin on admission (1), and no smoking (1). Patients with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy were older (66 ± 11 vs 60 ± 11 years, p < 0.001), predominantly female (90% vs 15%, p < 0.001), with a lower incidence of diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and smoking. Nevertheless, in-hospital mortality was similar in both groups.

Results:

In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, the average Platelets and Thrombosis in Sheba-Takotsubo cardiomyopathy scoring was significantly higher in Takotsubo cardiomyopathy compared with ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients (8.35 ± 1.7 vs 3.42 ± 1.6, p < 0.001). With an overall score of ≥7, the receiver-operating characteristic curve was 0.82 with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 89% (positive predictive value = 85% and negative predictive value = 80%).

Conclusion:

The Takotsubo cardiomyopathy scoring system is a simple, reliable tool that can assist in diagnosing and differentiating between patients with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy and those with ST-elevation myocardial infarction.
Application of High-Throughput Sequencing in the Diagnosis of Inherited Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Wang Qi , Cao Lijuan , Sheng Guangying , Shen Hongjie , Ling Jing , Xie Jundan , Ma Zhenni , Yin Jie , Wang Zhaoyue , Yu Ziqiang , Chen Suning , Zhao Yiming , Ruan Changgeng , Xia Lijun , Jiang Miao
Published: August 2018

Inherited thrombocytopenia is a group of hereditary diseases with a reduction in platelet count as the main clinical manifestation. Clinically, there is an urgent need for a convenient and rapid diagnosis method. We introduced a high-throughput, next-generation sequencing (NGS) platform into the routine diagnosis of patients with unexplained thrombocytopenia and analyzed the gene sequencing results to evaluate the value of NGS technology in the screening and diagnosis of inherited thrombocytopenia. From a cohort of 112 patients with thrombocytopenia, we screened 43 patients with hereditary features. For the blood samples of these 43 patients, a gene sequencing platform for hemorrhagic and thrombotic diseases comprising 89 genes was used to perform gene detection using NGS technology. When we combined the screening results with clinical features and other findings, 15 (34.9%) of 43patients were diagnosed with inherited thrombocytopenia. In addition, 19 pathogenic variants, including 8 previously unreported variants, were identified in these patients. Through the use of this detection platform, we expect to establish a more effective diagnostic approach to such disorders.
Hydrodynamic pressures on arch dam faces with irregular reservoir geometry
Authors: Wang Yi , Hu Zhiqiang , Guo Weidong
Published: August 2018

A scaled boundary finite element method is developed for the analysis of hydrodynamic pressures acting on arch dam faces with a reservoir of irregular geometry. Water compressibility and reservoir boundary absorption are considered simultaneously. The reservoir is idealized as composed of finite and infinite subdomains. Governing equations for evaluating hydrodynamic pressures of finite fluid domain have been established and the solution procedures are presented. In addition, the boundary conditions at the interface between finite and infinite subdomains are decided. Numerical examples validate the present method with high accuracy and show that the fairly irregular geometry of a reservoir has an important influence on the hydrodynamic pressures acting on the arch dam face. Frequency response functions of the hydrodynamic pressures in the stream and cross-stream directions are evidently influenced by reservoir geometry, while hydrodynamic pressures in the vertical direction are relatively less influenced. Another feature of the frequency response function of hydrodynamic pressures is that the amplitude of resonant peaks is affected much more by reservoir geometry as compared to the resonant frequency. Besides, peak value of hydrodynamic pressures in the arch direction and cantilever direction is also significantly influenced by reservoir geometry. Based on these facts, it can be concluded that the effect of reservoir geometry on hydrodynamic pressure should be considered for seismic design of arch dams.
Narratives and Nested-Time
Authors: Koro-Ljungberg Mirka , Hendricks Justin
Published: August 2018

Narratives are often created within a linear time, which allows them to be organized into a simple and discrete series of events. However, narratives can be created outside of linear time, thereby changing the organization of the narrative. To think about this further, we draw from Henri Bergson’s concept of duration and Gilles Deleuze’s ontology of difference to reconsider time in narratives and question the simple temporal organization of events. In doing so we develop the concept of nested-time as a way of playing with time and narrative and encourage narrative researchers to experiment with time and narrative as well.
Cancer’s Uncertain Identity: A Narrative and Performative Model for Coping
Authors: McElearney Patrick E.
Published: August 2018

I offer my former experiences coping with adolescent cancer as evidence to warrant my exploration into coping as a narrative and performative matter of identity. I articulate coping as performative and narrative apperception, wherein the act of coping can be a performative act reflexively tethered to narrative identity, and entrenched in sociocultural constructs. I argue that (a) a cancer diagnosis and cancer narratives are language in action; (b) there is a liminal and uncertain state of all cancer patients, and adolescent patients in particular; and (c) narratives and their discursive structures create, and are created by, performed actions, narratives, and identities.
Facial Involvement in Dermatitis Herpetiformis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Cinats Allison K. , Parsons Laurie M. , Haber Richard M.
Published: August 2018

Dermatitis herpetiformis is a cutaneous manifestation of celiac disease that classically presents as a symmetric pruritic vesicular eruption on extensor surfaces. Typical locations include elbows, knees, and buttocks. Facial involvement has been reported rarely. Here, we report a case of a 44-year-old woman with dermatitis herpetiformis presenting as pruritic vesicles on the face that had previously been misdiagnosed as allergic contact dermatitis. Diagnosis was confirmed with direct immunofluorescence demonstrating granular IgA in the papillary dermis. This eruption cleared with topical dapsone 5% gel and a gluten-free diet. We report this case to raise awareness of facial involvement in dermatitis herpetiformis as well as the possibility of topical dapsone as a therapeutic option.
Temporal trends in the management and clinical outcomes of lower extremity arterial thromboembolism within a national Veteran population
Authors: Prouse Andrew F , Langner Paula , Plomondon Mary E , Ho P Michael , Valle Javier A , Barón Anna E , Armstrong Ehrin J , Waldo Stephen W
Published: August 2018

Lower extremity arterial thromboembolism is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We sought to establish temporal trends in the incidence, management and outcomes of lower extremity arterial thromboembolism within the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System (VAHS). We identified patients admitted to VAHS between 2003 and 2014 with a primary diagnosis of lower extremity arterial thromboembolism. Medical and procedural management were ascertained from pharmaceutical and administrative data. Subsequent rates of major adverse limb events (MALE), major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), and mortality were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models. From 2003 to 2014, there were 10,636 patients hospitalized for lower extremity thromboembolism across 140 facilities, of which 8474 patients had adequate comorbid information for analysis. Age-adjusted incidence decreased from 7.98 per 100,000 patients (95% CI: 7.28–8.75) in 2003 to 3.54 (95% CI: 3.14–3.99) in 2014. On average, the likelihood of receiving anti-platelet or anti-thrombotic therapy increased 2.3% (95% CI: 1.2–3.4%) per year during this time period and the likelihood of undergoing endovascular revascularization increased 4.0% (95% CI: 2.7–5.4%) per year. Clinical outcomes remained constant over time, with similar rates of MALE, MACE and mortality at 1 year after adjustment. In conclusion, the incidence of lower extremity arterial thromboembolism is decreasing, with increasing utilization of anti-thrombotic therapies and endovascular revascularization among those with this condition. Despite this evolution in management, patients with lower extremity thromboembolism continue to experience high rates of amputation and death within a year of the index event.
Go with the FLOW: Implementation of a psychological skills intervention in an exercise program for post-bariatric surgery patients
Authors: Powell Sara M , Fasczewski Kimberley S , Gill Diane L , Davis Paul G
Published: August 2018

Bariatric surgery is an effective obesity treatment; however, most individuals regain weight following surgery. Following a Lifestyle of Wellness (FLOW) is a psychological skills intervention with strategies designed to increase self-efficacy and promote living a healthy lifestyle including regular physical activity. Eleven participants completed FLOW. Results indicated participants enjoyed the program and intended to continue this lifestyle upon program completion. Interviews indicated FLOW was effective for improving self-perceptions, and exercise motivation. The most effective sessions were goal setting, future planning, and stress management. Suggestions for program improvement were provided. This information can be used to improve the FLOW program and for implementation into other settings.
Experimental study on sliding mode variable structure control of active vibration isolation system of floating raft under multiple excitations
Authors: Wen Xianglong , Yi Kang , Song Chunsheng , Zhang Jinguang
Published: August 2018

The frequency components of vibration signal in vibration isolation system under multiple excitations are quite complex.Self-adaptive feedforward control method based on Least Mean Square algorithm has strict requirements for reference signal, which results in a certain restriction on its practical application. Sliding mode variable structure control method needs neither complicated reference signal nor accurate mathematical model. It has the strong robustness for external disturbance and system parameter perturbation, and the physical implementation is simple. To this end, application of sliding mode variable structure control method is studied. First, mathematical model of the control channel through system is established for identification. Second, the discrete sliding mode variable structure controller based on state-space model is designed to carry out simulation and experiment. The experimental result indicates that root mean square value of vibration signal after control is decreased by 57.90%, of which the amplitudes of two main frequency components 17 and 25 Hz reduce by 42.66 and 72.71%, respectively. This shows that sliding mode variable structure control is an effective control method for active vibration isolation of floating raft under multiple excitations.
Analysis of flow and heat transfer during the impingement of a diesel spray on a wall using large eddy simulation
Authors: Kawanabe Hiroshi , Komae Jun , Ishiyama Takuji
Published: August 2018

Numerical calculations were carried out to investigate the formation of a fuel–air mixture as well as ignition and combustion processes associated with a diesel spray impinging on a wall. This was performed by modeling the spray formed by injecting n-heptane into a constant-volume vessel under high temperature and pressure, with the fuel droplets described by a discrete droplet model. The flow and turbulent diffusion processes were calculated based on the large eddy simulation method to simulate the formation of a local non-homogeneous mixture and the accompanying heat release. The flame structure and heat transfer to the wall during impingement were also assessed. The results show that heat transfer to the wall is increased in the peripheral region around the stagnation point, as a result of the high temperature and thin boundary layer. Conversely, in the outer region, the heat transfer decreases as the boundary layer becomes more developed.
On the Face of the Photograph, and the Moving Image: Geopolitical Affect in the Speculative Landscapes of Connie Samaras
Authors: Cartwright Lisa
Published: August 2018

This article introduces the concept of geopolitical affect in landscape photography and video, focusing on two series by the US artist Connie Samaras: V.A.L.I.S. (2004-5) and Edge of Twilight (2011–2018). The article draws on the cybernetic affect theory of the mid-century US psychologist Silvan S Tomkins as well as the artist’s own concept of speculative landscape and critique of identity politics to consider surface, movement, and the face in landscape photography. As well, a photographic and audiovisual theory of geopolitical drive and affect, based on the work of Tomkins, is proposed.
Positive Interactive Engagement (PIE): A pilot qualitative case study evaluation of a person-centred dementia care programme based on Montessori principles
Authors: Booth Sue , Zizzo Gabriella , Robertson Jacinta , Goodwin Smith Ian
Published: August 2018

Altered behaviour associated with dementia can present a number of challenges in the provision of care within both community and residential aged care settings. This paper presents a qualitative case study investigation of the implementation of the Positive Interactive Engagement programme within a residential aged care setting. The Positive Interactive Engagement programme incorporates non-pharmacological sensory techniques that have been informed by a person-centred, Montessori approach. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews with workers at a residential aged care facility in South Australia yielded seven case studies. Data were thematically analysed both within and between cases. Our data indicate the programme demonstrates underlying Montessori principles and supports participant behaviour change, with a noted reduction in ‘disruptive’ behaviours and increased social connection amongst participants. Programme staff report increased job satisfaction. The Positive Interactive Engagement programme offers a model that demonstrates encouraging outcomes, and further research would be useful in ascertaining whether these outcomes translate to quantifiable improvements in the quality of life for people with dementia in a residential aged care setting.
Juvenile Facility Staff Contestations of Change
Authors: Cox Alexandra
Published: August 2018

This article explores juvenile facility frontline staff members’ contestations of change of custodial practices aimed at reducing restraints, introducing trauma-informed practices, and downsizing juvenile facilities. Drawing from qualitative research about frontline staff members in a US state undergoing reform, the article points to the ways that the reforms challenge staff members’ investments in behavioral control practices as a vehicle for achieving order and control in their everyday lives as workers. It also points to shifts in the broader political economy on punishment at the local, facility level, and the subsequent impact on staff member perceptions of order, control and criminality.
Clínica Comunitaria Esperanza: Strategy for Health Promotion and Engagement With Hispanic Communities
Authors: Davids Anna H. , Sommese Kathryn J. , Roach Meredith V. , Lee Samuel J. , Crose Chelsea E. , Khan Sarah B. , Leader Alexandra P.
Published: August 2018

A 2009 community needs assessment highlighted the health care gap facing Hispanic residents in Hampton, Virginia, one of the major cities served by Eastern Virginia Medical School (EVMS). Survey respondents indicated the following as health care barriers: language, lack of knowledge, and lack of a community health center. EVMS students worked to bridge the health care gap between existing needs and services by establishing and maintaining the Clínica Comunitaria Esperanza, a culturally and linguistically competent student-run free clinic serving uninsured Hispanics in the Hampton Roads area. This article provides a model for engaging effectively with a priority population through partnerships that facilitate understanding of the community concerns, values, culture, and existing local resources that serve as determinants of health. This article further illustrates how the integration of two preexisting EVMS programs, the HOPES (Health Outreach Partnership of EVMS Students) Clinic and the Medical Spanish program, has supported the development and sustainability of Clínica Comunitaria Esperanza. The HOPES Clinic is a student-run free clinic that provides both general and specialty care to uninsured patients. EVMS’ Medical Spanish program is a longitudinal service learning initiative composed of medical students, faculty, and staff dedicated to providing inclusive health care to meet the needs of the local Spanish-speaking community.
Mulberry and dandelion water extracts prevent alcohol-induced steatosis with alleviating gut microbiome dysbiosis
Authors: Park Sunmin , Kim Da S , Wu Xuangao , J Yi Qiu
Published: August 2018

Chronic alcohol intake causes hepatic steatosis and changes the body composition and glucose metabolism. We examined whether water extracts of mulberry (WMB) and white flower dandelion ( Taraxacum coreanum Nakai, WTC) can prevent and/or delay the symptoms of chronic ethanol-induced hepatic steatosis in male Sprague Dawley rats, and explored the mechanisms. Ethanol degradation was examined by orally administering 3 g ethanol/kg bw after giving them 0.3 g/kg bw WMB or WTC. All rats were continuously provided about 7 g ethanol/kg bw/day for four weeks and were given either of 0.1% dextrin (control), WMB, WTC, or water extracts of Hovenia dulcis Thunb fruit (positive-control) in high-fat diets. Area under the curve of serum ethanol levels was lowered in descending order of control, WTC and positive-control, and WMB in acute ethanol challenge. WMB and WTC prevented alcohol intake-related decrease in bone mineral density and lean body mass compared to the control. After glucose challenge, serum glucose levels increased more in the control group than other groups in the first part and the rate of decrease after 40 min was similar among all groups. These changes were associated with decreasing serum insulin levels. WMB had the greatest efficacy for decreasing triglyceride and increasing glycogen deposits. WMB and WTC prevented the disruption of the hepatic cells and nuclei while reducing malondialdehyde contents in rats fed alcohol, but the prevention was not as much as the normal-control. The ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes in the gut was much higher in the control than the normal-control, but WTC and WMB decreased the ratio compared to the control. WMB and WTC separated the gut microbiota community from the control. In conclusion, WMB and WTC protected against alcoholic liver steatosis by accelerating ethanol degradation and also improved body composition and glucose metabolism while alleviating the dysbiosis of gut microbiome by chronic alcohol intake.

Impact statement

Excessive alcohol consumption is associated with serious pathologies and is common in much of the world. Pathologies include liver damage, glucose intolerance, and loss of lean body mass and bone mass. These pathologies are mediated by changes in metabolism as well as toxic metabolic byproducts, and possibly by gut dysbiosis. In this study, we demonstrate that aqueous extracts of mulberry and dandelion protected rats against ethanol-induced losses in lean body and bone masses, improved glucose tolerance and partially normalized gut bacterial populations, with mulberry extract being generally more effective. This research suggests that mulberry and dandelion extracts may have the potential to improve some of the pathologies associated with excess alcohol consumption, and that further clinical research is warranted.
Adolescents’ and Parents’ Attitudes Toward Adolescent Clinical Trial Participation: Changes Over One Year
Authors: Tsevat Rebecca K. , Radecki Breitkopf Carmen , Landers Sara E. , de Roche Ariel M. , Mauro Christine , Ipp Lisa S. , Catallozzi Marina , Rosenthal Susan L.
Published: August 2018

Little is known about how adolescents’ and parents’ thoughts about participation in clinical trials change over time. In this study, adolescent (14-17 years)–parent dyads were asked about willingness to participate in a hypothetical reproductive health study. A year later, they were asked how their thoughts about the study had changed. Qualitative responses were coded and analyzed using framework analysis. Thirty-two percent of adolescents and 18% of parents reported changes in thoughts; reasons included general changes in perception, clearer understanding, new knowledge or experiences, increased maturity/age of adolescents, and changes in participants independent of the study. Adolescents and parents may benefit from learning about studies multiple times, and investigators should account for development and new experiences to optimize adolescent research enrollment.
Engaging Men in Psychological Treatment: A Scoping Review
Authors: Seidler Zac E. , Rice Simon M. , Ogrodniczuk John S. , Oliffe John L. , Dhillon Haryana M.
Published: August 2018

Tailoring psychological treatments to men’s specific needs has been a topic of concern for decades given evidence that many men are reticent to seek professional health care. However, existing literature providing clinical recommendations for engaging men in psychological treatments is diffuse. The aim of this scoping review was to provide a comprehensive summary of recommendations for how to engage men in psychological treatment. Four electronic databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO) were searched for articles published between 2000 and 2017. Titles and abstracts were reviewed; data extracted and synthesized thematically. Of 3,627 citations identified, 46 met the inclusion criteria. Thirty articles (65%) were reviews or commentaries; 23 (50%) provided broad recommendations for working with all men. Findings indicate providing male-appropriate psychological treatment requires clinicians to consider the impact of masculine socialization on their client and themselves, and how gender norms may impact clinical engagement and outcomes. Existing literature also emphasized specific process micro-skills (e.g., self-disclosure, normalizing), language adaption (e.g., male-oriented metaphors) and treatment styles most engaging for men (e.g., collaborative, transparent, action-oriented, goal-focused). Presented are clinical recommendations for how to engage men in psychological treatments including paying attention to tapping the strengths of multiple masculinities coexisting within and across men. Our review suggests more empirically informed tailored interventions are needed, along with formal program evaluations to advance the evidence base.
Slewing valve based on bypass pressure-compensation principle for dynamic control of large inertia load
Authors: Xie Haibo , Zhu Wu , Lv Jiujiu , Hu Liang , Yang Huayong
Published: August 2018

Typical slewing valve is a three-position six-way proportional valve based on bypass throttle principle, whose output flow rate and opening dead zone of the main valve port are both affected by the load. Thus, it has poor performances in dynamic control of varying loads. This article presents a novel slewing valve based on bypass pressure-compensation principle, which has much better performance in dynamic control of varying loads and even for large inertia loads. A pressure-compensated valve is added to connect the out ports of the main valve port and the bypass port to keep the pressure differences at the main valve port and the bypass port in same. As a result, the flow distribution ratio of these two ports keeps stable for a certain spool position, which can avoid the output flow rate fluctuation despite the varying loads. In addition, the opening dead zone of the main valve port is very small and keeps almost unchanged. These advantages make the proposed valve to control large inertia load with great stability. In the article, a mathematical model formulating the dynamic performance of the valve is further established to provide guide for the optimization of the parameters, including the shapes and orifice areas of the main valve port and bypass port, the stiffness of the spring controlling spool motion, and so on. A prototype valve was manufactured based on the presented method. A series of tests on experiment bench and real crane validate its great performances on flow rate and dead zone stabilities as well as fast dynamic response.
A Grounded Theoretical Analysis of Room Elements Desired by Family Members and Visitors of Hospitalized Patients: Implications for Medical/Surgical Hospital Patient Room Design
Authors: Patterson Emily S. , Sanders Elizabeth B.-N. , Lavender Steven A. , Sommerich Carolyn M. , Park Sanghyun , Li Jing , Evans Kevin D.
Published: August 2018

Objective:

To identify family members’ and visitors’ needs with relation to the design of a hospital room.

Background:

There is a trend toward incorporating family zones in hospital patient rooms in order to improve patient satisfaction and encourage family caregivers to stay longer and overnight.

Method:

A mixed-method study was employed. Interviews of patients and family caregivers were conducted to understand opportunities to improve hospital room designs based on recent experiences. Features intended to support short-term and overnight visitors were embedded in five full-scale simulated room design concepts. Small groups of family caregivers and patients toured two room design concepts and reacted real time to room features. A grounded theory approach was employed to identify emerging themes.

Results:

A theoretical design framework is developed for the needs of family members and visitors for a range of time periods. This framework is founded upon desires to help make the patient feel more comfortable. There are various levels of helping the patient feel more comfortable, including visiting, keeping company, providing support, providing assistance, and being a caregiver. Beyond this core need, family members and visitors must take care of their own needs in order to feel comfortable in the hospital room. Activities associated with these needs include sitting, relaxing, eating, working, tending to daily needs, and resting overnight.

Conclusions:

Potential implications for architects, healthcare planners, and interior space designers are described. Design and renovation guidance for the hospital room environment in order to support the needs and expectations of families and visitors is provided.
Variability in Retronasal Odor Identification Among Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Ganjaei Kimia G. , Soler Zachary M. , Storck Kristina A. , Rowan Nicholas R. , Othieno Florence A. , Schlosser Rodney J.
Published: August 2018

Background

Retronasal olfaction is important in flavor detection and enjoyment. The ability to identify specific individual retronasal odors may play a role in quality of life for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).

Objective

To identify patterns and improve understanding of retronasal identification of individual odors in CRS patients.

Methods

Patients diagnosed with CRS underwent retronasal and orthonasal (Sniffin’ Sticks) olfactory testing and taste testing (taste strips). Retronasal identification was tested with presentation of flavored powders on the posterior tongue. Retronasal identification for individual odors was compared with results of orthonasal and taste testing.

Results

Seventy participants were evaluated. Retronasal identification correlated with orthonasal identification and discrimination for most individual odors. Among all patients, cinnamon and apple were identified better retronasally and banana better orthonasally ( P < .05). Anosmics identified retronasal orange, cinnamon, mushroom, coffee, smoked ham, peach, ginger, grape, and cheese more than would be expected by chance for a forced-choice paradigm with 3 distractor items ( P < .05), and this was independent of objective taste function for most odors.

Conclusion

Retronasal and orthonasal identification of most odors correlate in CRS patients; however, patients with anosmia can still identify certain retronasal odors more often than expected. These odors do not appear to stimulate gustatory pathways and may involve trigeminal stimulation. Understanding preserved retronasal neural stimuli may allow providers to improve eating-related quality of life in these patients.
Physical fitness is a modifiable predictor of early cardiovascular death: A 35-year follow-up study of 2014 healthy middle-aged men
Authors: Engeseth Kristian , Prestgaard Erik E , Mariampillai Julian E , Grundvold Irene , Liestol Knut , Kjeldsen Sverre E , Bodegard Johan , Erikssen Jan E. , Gjesdal Knut , Skretteberg Per Torger
Published: August 2018

Background

Physical fitness has been shown to predict cardiovascular death during long-term follow-up. In the present study we aimed to investigate how physical fitness and other cardiovascular risk factors at middle-age influenced the risk of cardiovascular death during the early (0–11 years), intermediate (12–23 years) and late (24–35 years) parts of a 35-year observation period.

Methods and results

Age-adjusted physical fitness was calculated in 2014 apparently healthy, middle-aged men after maximal bicycle electrocardiogram-tests in 1972–1975 (Survey 1) and 1979–1982 (Survey 2). The men were assessed through 35 years after Survey 1, and 28 years after Survey 2 by Cox proportional hazards models. Low Survey 1 physical fitness was independently associated with increased risks of early and intermediate, but not late, cardiovascular death. Survey 1 to Survey 2 change in physical fitness, age, smoking status, systolic blood pressure and cholesterol impacted cardiovascular death risks in all periods. Family history of coronary heart disease impacted early and intermediate, but not late, cardiovascular death.

Conclusions

Most classical cardiovascular risk factors were strong predictors of early, intermediate and late cardiovascular death. Physical fitness measured at median age 50 years was independently associated with risk of early cardiovascular death, but the association weakened as time progressed. Change in physical fitness during middle-age impacted cardiovascular death risk in a full lifetime perspective. Thus, our data suggest that physical fitness is a modifiable cardiovascular risk factor with limited duration in contrast to the sustained impact of smoking, blood pressure and cholesterol on cardiovascular mortality.
Where Are All of the Women? Untangling the Effects of Representation, Participation, and Preferences on Gender Differences in Political Press Coverage
Authors: Johnstonbaugh Morgan
Published: August 2018

The author examines why female politicians continue to be underrepresented in the press by measuring how structural inequalities, engagement in traditional and disruptive dialogue, and gender preferences influence the amount of press coverage U.S. House representatives receive. Drawing on a data set of Tweets, press releases, and news articles and transcripts related to the 114th House of Representatives’ investigations of the Iran deal and Planned Parenthood, the author uses negative binomial regression to test the effects of gender, engagement, and interactions of the two on the press coverage received by male and female House members. The results indicate that female House members’ underrepresentation in the media mirrors their underrepresentation in public office. These findings suggest that although political discourse and gender preferences may not be keeping women out of the media when covering gendered topics, getting more women in public office is likely to be a cumbersome challenge in itself.
Book review: Susan Verma Mishra and Himanshu Prabha Ray (Eds), The Archaeology of Sacred Spaces: The Temple in Western India, 2nd century BCE–8th century CE
Authors: Kumar Ashish
Published: August 2018

Susan Verma Mishra and Himanshu Prabha Ray (Eds), The Archaeology of Sacred Spaces: The Temple in Western India, 2nd century bce–8th century ce. London and New York, NY: Routledge, First South Asian edition, 2017, xii+ 283 pp., ₹850 (hardback), ISBN: 978-1-138-21964-9.
Quantitative identification of microfractures in the marine shale reservoir of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation using water immersion tests and image characterization
Authors: Wang Hu , He Zhiliang , Zhang Yonggui , Su Kun , Wang Ruyue
Published: August 2018

Identification of natural microfractures is important for shale reservoir evaluation. In total, 42 selected core samples from the Wufeng-Longmaxi marine shales in the Fuling gas field, southeastern Sichuan Basin, were analyzed using water-immersion testing, computed tomography scanning, and argon-ion polishing scanning electron microscope experiments, along with edge detection and image stitching analysis methods. The results indicate that the immersion experiment is an effective way to identify natural fractures. Three types of natural microfractures correspond to bubble positions with 250 nm resolution scanning electron microscopy: bedding fractures, particle edge fractures, and dissolution fractures. The bedding and dissolution fractures show the same occurrence as the strata, and they are the main bubbling channels. The occurrence of particle edge fractures varies significantly. Microfractures are capable of forming a fracture network, connecting separated storage spaces in the shale reservoir. The best fracture network is formed by bedding and dissolution fractures in 3D space. Furthermore, apportion of the particle edge and dissolution fractures is capable of forming microfracture networks in shale cores increasing the connectivity of pore spaces. The number of bubble points also indicates a positive correlation with shale laminae, which indicates that microfractures are developed mainly within the laminae. The number of shale laminae and the number of microfracture channels can be calculated quantitatively by the number of bubble points. The observations can be used in the drilling site to estimate the physical properties of shale reservoirs quickly and quantitatively.
3D structural-orientation vector guided autotracking for weak seismic reflections: A new tool for shale reservoir visualization and interpretation
Authors: Di Haibin , Gao Dengliang , AlRegib Ghassan
Published: August 2018

Recognizing and tracking weak reflections, which are characterized by low amplitude, low signal-to-noise ratio, and low degree of lateral continuity, is a long-time issue in 3D seismic interpretation and reservoir characterization. The problem is particularly acute with unconventional, fractured shale reservoirs, in which the impedance contrast is low and/or reservoir beds are below the tuning thickness. To improve the performance of interpreting weak reflections associated with shale reservoirs, we have developed a new workflow for weak-reflection tracking guided by a robust structural-orientation vector (SOV) estimation algorithm. The new SOV-guided auto-tracking workflow first uses the reflection orientation at the seed location as a constraint to project the most-likely locations in the neighboring traces, and then locally adjust them to maximally match the target reflection. We verify our workflow through application to a test seismic data set that is typical of routine 3D seismic surveys over shale oil and gas fields. The results demonstrate the improved quality of the resulting horizons compared with the traditional autotracking algorithms. We conclude that this new SOV-guided autotracking workflow can be used to enhance the performance and effectiveness of weak reflection mapping, which should have important implications for improved shale reservoirs visualization and characterization.
First-Line Trastuzumab Plus an Aromatase Inhibitor, With or Without Pertuzumab, in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Positive and Hormone Receptor–Positive Metastatic or Locally Advanced Breast Cancer (PERTAIN): A Randomized, Open-Label Phase II Trial
Authors: Rimawi Mothaffar , Ferrero Jean-Marc , de la Haba-Rodriguez Juan , Poole Christopher , De Placido Sabino , Osborne C. Kent , Hegg Roberto , Easton Valerie , Wohlfarth Christine , Arpino Grazia ,   for the PERTAIN Study Group
Published: August 2018

Purpose

To assess pertuzumab plus trastuzumab and an aromatase inhibitor (AI) in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–positive and hormone receptor–positive metastatic/locally advanced breast cancer (MBC/LABC).

Patients and Methods

The PERTAIN trial (NCT01491737) is an ongoing randomized, open-label, multicenter—80 sites and eight countries—phase II trial. Patients have HER2-positive, hormone receptor–positive MBC/LABC and no prior systemic therapy with the exception of endocrine. Random assignment was 1:1 to intravenous pertuzumab (840 mg loading dose followed by 420 mg every 3 weeks) plus trastuzumab (8 mg/kg followed by 6 mg/kg every 3 weeks), and oral anastrozole (1 mg every day) or letrozole (2.5 mg every day), or trastuzumab and an AI. Induction intravenous docetaxel every 3 weeks or paclitaxel every week could be administered for 18 to 24 weeks at the investigator’s discretion (decided before but given after random assignment). Primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). Patients were stratified by whether they received induction chemotherapy and their time since adjuvant hormone therapy.

Results

One hundred twenty-nine patients were randomly assigned per arm (February 2012 to October 2014; intent-to-treat populations); 75 in one arm and 71 in the other were chosen to receive induction chemotherapy. Stratified median PFS was 18.89 months (95% CI, 14.09 to 27.66 months) in the pertuzumab plus trastuzumab arm and 15.80 months (95% CI, 11.04 to 18.56 months) in the trastuzumab arm (stratified hazard ratio, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.89; P = .0070). Serious adverse events (AEs) were reported for 42 (33.1%) of 127 and 24 (19.4%) of 124 patients in the safety populations of the pertuzumab plus trastuzumab and trastuzumab arms, respectively. Rates of grade ≥ 3 AEs were 64 (50.4%) of 127 and 48 (38.7%) of 124, respectively. There were no deaths as a result of AEs.

Conclusion

PERTAIN met its primary PFS end point. Pertuzumab plus trastuzumab and an AI is effective for the treatment of HER2-positive MBC/LABC. The safety profile was consistent with previous trials of pertuzumab plus trastuzumab.
Visualizing balances of compositional data: A new alternative to balance dendrograms
Authors: Quinn Thomas P.
Published: August 2018

Balances have become a cornerstone of compositional data analysis. However, conceptualizing balances is difficult, especially for high-dimensional data. Most often, investigators visualize balances with the balance dendrogram, but this technique is not necessarily intuitive and does not scale well for large data. This manuscript introduces the 'balance' package for the R programming language. This package visualizes balances of compositional data using an alternative to the balance dendrogram. This alternative contains the same information coded by the balance dendrogram, but projects data on a common scale that facilitates direct comparisons and accommodates high-dimensional data. By stripping the branches from the tree, 'balance' can cleanly visualize any subset of balances without disrupting the interpretation of the remaining balances. As an example, this package is applied to a publicly available meta-genomics data set measuring the relative abundance of 500 microbe taxa.
Rights and duties in the private and public law
Authors: Солодовниченко Татьяна , Solodovnichenko Tat'yana
Published: August 2018

The monograph is devoted to the clarification of scientific ideas concerning legal rights and legal duties and to the identification of differences between legal rights and legal duties in the private and public law. The author in his book critically analyzes the widespread ideas about the confluence of legal rights and legal duties in a single «right-duty». The author also describes some negative consequences of implementation of this concept in legal documents.
The monograph is addressed to scientific and pedagogical workers, post-graduate students, students of legal specialties, practicing lawyers, and also to all interested readers.