bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-Supervised Sound Promotion Method of Sound Localization from Video
Authors: Li Yang , Zhao Xiaoli , Zhang Zhuoyao
Published: August 2023

Compared to traditional unimodal methods, multimodal audio-visual correspondence learning has many advantages in the field of video understanding, but it also faces significant challenges. In order to fully utilize the feature information from both modalities, we needs to ensure accurate alignment of the semantic information from each modality, rather than simply concatenating them together. This requires consideration of how to design fusion networks that can better perform this task. Current algorithms heavily rely on the network’s output results for sound-object localization while neglecting the potential issue of suppressed feature information due to the internal structure of the network. Thus, we propose a sound promotion method (SPM), a self-supervised framework that aims to increase the contribution of voices to produce better performance of the audiovisual learning. We first cluster the audio separately to generate pseudo-labels and then use the clusters to train the backbone of audio. Finally, we explore the impact of our method to several existing approaches on MUSIC datasets and the results prove that our proposed method is able to produce better performance.
Evolution of Popularity and Multiaspectual Comparison of Widely Used Web Development Frameworks
Authors: Swacha Jakub , Kulpa Artur
Published: August 2023

Since the emergence of the first web development frameworks at the turn of the 21st century, many of them have made a name for themselves and rose to wide popularity only to be later ousted by newer frameworks and sometimes even fall to obscurity. In our paper, we would like to depict the last fifteen years of the changing popularity of web development frameworks by observing the number of newly created repositories in open-source projects hosted at GitHub that were based on them as well as the number of questions posted on Stack Overflow regarding the respective frameworks. We analyze the correspondence between these two indicators and put them in the context of the popularity of the programming languages that the respective frameworks are based on, as measured by the TIOBE Programming Community index, in an effort to check whether one source could be used to forecast another.
Wireless Capacitive Energy Transfer System for Mining Applications—Preliminary Results
Authors: Skóra Marcin , Hylla Piotr , Stankiewicz Krzysztof , Polnik Bartosz , Kasprzak Marcin , Kaczmarczyk Zbigniew , Kierepka Kamil , Przybyła Krzysztof
Published: August 2023

This paper presents preliminary tests on a capacitively coupled wireless energy-transfer system (C-WET). Significant emphasis has been placed on discerning the fundamental characteristics of the system. This allowed the simulation model to be refined and the parameters of the physical prototype to be fine-tuned. Then, start-up tests of the prototype of the power supply system were presented, up to about 25% of the rated power. Selected simulation and laboratory test results are presented and directions for further work are set. The system is envisaged for underground mining applications, and the work is being carried out as part of the HEET II (High-Efficiency Energy Transfer) project, funded by the Research Fund for Coal and Steel (RFCS).
The European Union’s Energy Policy Efforts Regarding Emission Reduction in Cities—A Method Proposal
Authors: Skiba Marta , Mrówczyńska Maria , Sztubecka Małgorzata , Maciejko Alicja , Rzeszowska Natalia
Published: August 2023

Decisions regarding waste and emission management systems are subject to many sustainability criteria, including environmental, social, and economic criteria. The problem is the multidimensionality of the energy transformation and its reading from different perspectives. This article aims to assess the effectiveness of the municipal energy policy. The VIKOR multicriteria analysis approach to modeling and Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation were chosen for the method. The approach made it possible to create a ranking and choose a compromise solution. The analyses were carried out for four areas of intervention (ETS tariffs), in which a set of four general criteria and twelve specific criteria were distinguished, and based on the weights assigned, rankings were created highlighting the activities that have the greatest impact on low emission in urban areas. Based on the analyses, it was found that the most significant impact on reducing emissions in urban areas has led to decisions to increase investments in renewable energy sources and promote the reduction in household energy consumption.
Operation Optimization of Wind/Battery Storage/Alkaline Electrolyzer System Considering Dynamic Hydrogen Production Efficiency
Authors: Niu Meng , Li Xiangjun , Sun Chen , Xiu Xiaoqing , Wang Yue , Hu Mingyue , Dong Haitao
Published: August 2023

Hydrogen energy is regarded as a key path to combat climate change and promote sustainable economic and social development. The fluctuation of renewable energy leads to frequent start/stop cycles in hydrogen electrolysis equipment. However, electrochemical energy storage, with its fast response characteristics, helps regulate the power of hydrogen electrolysis, enabling smooth operation. In this study, a multi-objective constrained operation optimization model for a wind/battery storage/alkaline electrolyzer system is constructed. Both profit maximization and power abandonment rate minimization are considered. In addition, some constraints, such as minimum start/stop times, upper and lower power limits, and input fluctuation limits, are also taken into account. Then, the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) algorithm and the entropy method are used to optimize the operation strategy of the hybrid energy system by considering dynamic hydrogen production efficiency, and through optimization to obtain the best hydrogen production power of the system under the two objectives. The change in dynamic hydrogen production efficiency is mainly related to the change in electrolyzer power, and the system can be better adjusted according to the actual supply of renewable energy to avoid the waste of renewable energy. Our results show that the distribution of Pareto solutions is uniform, which indicates the suitability of the NSGA-II algorithm. In addition, the optimal solution indicates that the battery storage and alkaline electrolyzer can complement each other in operation and achieve the absorption of wind power. The dynamic hydrogen production efficiency can make the electrolyzer operate more efficiently, which paves the way for system optimization. A sensitivity analysis reveals that the profit is sensitive to the price of hydrogen energy.
Performance Analysis of Matrix Pencil Method Applied to High-Resolution Measurement of Supraharmonics
Authors: Li Kaite , Zhao Wei , Li Shisong , Huang Songling
Published: August 2023

Supraharmonics emitted by power electronic equipment will cause electromagnetic interference. However, there is no uniform standard for the measurement of supraharmonics. Unlike non-parametric methods, such as Fourier transform, the matrix pencil method has attracted the attention of researchers in many fields because of its super-resolution characteristics. In this paper, an attempt is made to apply the matrix pencil method to the high-resolution measurement of supraharmonics. Noting that parametric methods offer a promising alternative strategy for high time-resolution analysis of supraharmonics, the matrix pencil method is introduced for high-resolution measurements and estimating the supraharmonic components in grid voltage and current signals. By deriving and analyzing the Cramér–Rao bound of the method, two excellent properties of the matrix pencil method are found: robustness to time-varying signals in supraharmonics measurements and accuracy in frequency localization of components with large amplitudes. Meanwhile, the effectiveness of the matrix pencil method when applied to the high-resolution estimation and measurement of supraharmonics in grid signals is demonstrated by measuring, estimating, and analyzing grid voltage and current signals containing different typical supraharmonics characteristics. This parametric approach opens up a new avenue that allows more signal information to be obtained while maintaining high accuracy, thus enabling the analysis of supraharmonics with higher time resolution.
Effect of Extraction Methods on the Physicochemical Properties, Chemical Composition, and Antioxidant Activities of Samara Oil
Authors: Li Xiujuan , Guo Mimi , Xue Yalin , Duan Zhangqun
Published: August 2023

Samara oil (Elaeagnus mollis Diels kernel oil) exhibits diverse healthy functions; however, the effect of extraction on its quality is still unclear. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of extraction methods (solvent extraction: ethyl acetate, acetone, n-hexane, and petroleum ether; mechanical extraction: hot-pressing and cold-pressing) on the color, acid value, peroxide value, fatty acid composition, bioactive compounds, antioxidant activities, and oxidative stability index of samara oil obtained from Elaeagnus mollis Diels kernels. The results indicated that extraction methods affected the physicochemical properties, chemical composition, and antioxidant activities of samara oil except for fatty acid composition and γ-tocopherol. The highest values of bioactive compounds including polyphenols (140.27 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/kg) and carotenoids (42.95 mg/kg) were found in samara oil extracted with acetone. The values of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) assays, as well as oxidative stability index (OSI), were the highest in this oil. Correlation analysis results demonstrated that DPPH, ABTS, and OSI of samara oil were positively correlated with polyphenols and carotenoids. After evaluation, acetone could be used to extract samara oil. The study provides new information on the samara oil process.
Influence of Diameter and Cyclic Mechanical Stimulation on the Beating Frequency of Myocardial Cell-Laden Fibers
Authors: Kyriakou Stavroula , Lubig Andreas , Sandhoff Cilia A. , Kuhn Yasmin , Jockenhoevel Stefan
Published: August 2023

Atrioventricular block (AVB) is a severe disease for pediatric patients. The repetitive operations needed in the case of the pacemaker implantation to maintain the electrical signal at the atrioventricular node (AVN) affect the patient’s life quality. In this study, we present a method of biofabrication of multi-cell-laden cylindrical fibrin-based fibers that can restore the electrical signal at the AVN. We used human umbilical vein smooth muscle cells (HUVSMCs), human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and induced pluripotent stem cell cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) cultivated either statically or dynamically to mimic the native AVN. We investigated the influence of cell composition, construct diameter and cyclic stretch on the function of the fibrin hydrogels in vitro. Immunohistochemistry analyses showed the maturity of the iPSC-CMs in the constructs through the expression of sarcomeric alpha actinin (SAA) and electrical coupling through Connexin 43 (Cx43) signal. Simultaneously, the beating frequency of the fibrin hydrogels was higher and easy to maintain whereas the concentration of iPSC-CMs was higher compared with the other types of cylindrical constructs. In total, our study highlights that the combination of fibrin with the cell mixture and geometry is offering a feasible biofabrication method for tissue engineering approaches for the treatment of AVB.
Lagoonal Microfacies, Lithostratigraphy, Correlation and Shale Migration of the Basal Middle Eocene Seeb Formation (Rusayl Embayment, Sultanate of Oman)
Authors: Mattern Frank , Scharf Andreas , Al-Sayigh Abdul Razak , Al-Wahaibi Nada , Galluccio Laura , Frijia Gianluca , Al-Salmani Mazin
Published: August 2023

The study improves the understanding of the basal part of the Eocene Seeb Formation of Oman, informally known as “Unit 1”, in terms of microfacies, lithostratigraphy and shale migration within the context of regional tectonics. We logged four sections bed-by-bed over a distance of 8.3 km, collected samples and analyzed thin-sections as well as XRD samples. For the first time, the microfacies and stratigraphic correlation of the lowermost part of the limestone-dominated Seeb Formation were studied in detail. In the analyzed area, Unit 1 is ~20 to 40 m thick, with the thickness increasing to the SE. In the upper part of Unit 1 is a laterally continuous shale horizon. The limestones of Unit 1 contain mostly packstones and grainstones. The dominant standard microfacies types are SMF 18-FOR and SMF 16. The former is dominated by benthic foraminifera, and the latter by peloids. Both SMFs indicate restricted lagoonal conditions. Foraminifera are common in Unit 1 and indicate a middle Eocene age. Considering the abundance of encountered foraminiferal bioclasts, it appears probable that the lagoon barrier was mainly composed of foraminiferal tests. Gutter casts, slumps and debrites indicate an active, partly unstable syndepositional slope, which was likely initially created by uplift of the Saih Hatat Dome and Jabal Nakhl Subdome. Differential regional uplift due to a more pronounced overall doming in the NW (Jabal Nakhl Subdome) than in the SE (Saih Hatat Dome) explains more accommodation space and greater thickness towards the SE. For the first time, we report visco-plastic shale migration/intrusion within the Seeb Formation, related to a shale horizon of Unit 1. This shale locally migrated as indicated by (1) local thickness variations, (2) detached limestone boulders floating in the shale, (3) limestone beds that have been cut-off by the shale and (4) dragged by the shale (5) an upward shale intrusion/injection which then spread parallelly to bedding similar to a salt tongue and (6) tilting overlying limestones. We suggest that shale migration is related to post-“mid”-Eocene E-W convergence between Arabia and India and to faulting or to the second, late Paleogene/early Neogene, faulting interval of the Frontal Range Fault. The shale horizon in the upper part of Unit 1 is a marker bed, which can be correlated across the study area.
The Effects of a Tailored Dietary Education Program for Older Adult Patients on Hemodialysis: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Park Gayoung , Choi Seunghye
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to investigate the overall effects of a tailored dietary education program for older adult patients on hemodialysis (HD) based on self-efficacy theory, dietary knowledge and habits, nutritional intake, and biochemical parameters. A nonequivalent control group pre-test–post-test design was conducted for 8 weeks. The experimental and control groups received a weekly nutritional program and standard nursing care with an additional educational session, respectively. A clinical survey was conducted before and after the intervention. After the intervention, self-efficacy, dietary knowledge, and dietary habits were higher in the experimental group than in the control group. Moreover, carbohydrate, phosphorus, and sodium intake significantly decreased post-intervention in the experimental group but not in the control group. The dietary education program for older HD patients showed positive effects on boosting their self-efficacy, increasing dietary knowledge, improving dietary habits, and decreasing carbohydrate, calcium, phosphorus, and sodium intake.
Trust Is for the Strong: How Health Status May Influence Generalized and Personalized Trust
Authors: Vuong Quan-Hoang , Nguyen Phuong-Loan , Jin Ruining , Nguyen Minh-Hoang , Le Tam-Tri
Published: August 2023

In the trust–health relationship, how trusting other people in society may promote good health is a topic often examined. However, the other direction of influence—how health may affect trust—has not been well explored. In order to investigate this possible effect, we employed the Bayesian Mindsponge Framework (BMF) analytics to go deeper into the information processing mechanisms underlying the expressions of trust. Conducting a Bayesian analysis on a dataset of 1237 residents from Cali, Colombia, we found that general health status is positively associated with generalized trust, but recent experiences of illnesses/injuries have a negative moderating effect. Personalized trust is largely unchanged across different general health conditions, but the trust level becomes higher with recent experiences of illnesses/injuries. Psychophysiological mechanisms of increasing information filtering intensity toward unfamiliar sources during a vulnerable state of health is a plausible explanation of found patterns in generalized trust. Because established personal relationships are reinforced information channels, personalized trust is not affected as much. Rather, the results suggest that people may rely even more on loved ones when they are in bad health conditions. This exploratory study shows that the trust–health relationship can be examined from a different angle that may provide new insights.
The Importance of Technology in the Combined Interventions of Cognitive Stimulation and Physical Activity in Cognitive Function in the Elderly: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rocha Rute , Fernandes Sara Margarida , Santos Isabel M.
Published: August 2023

Background: Numerous studies have been developed in an attempt to understand which factors best predict improvements in cognitive function in the elderly such as exergaming. The aim of this study was to investigate and systematize literature on intervention programs that simultaneously include cognitive stimulation and physical activity, understand the importance of the use of new technology, including exergaming or computer programs, and understand their impact on cognitive function in older adults, giving indications about their contribution to healthy aging. Methods: A narrative approach was used for extraction and synthesis of the data. Relevant studies were identified from electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Academic Search Complete. Results: Thirty-two articles, involving 2815 participants, were identified. All selected studies were randomized controlled studies. The studies were published between 2011 and 2020. All studies included a combination of cognitive and physical interventions. Many of the studies used technology to administer the cognitive stimulation program. Conclusions: Most of the analyzed studies used exergaming in physical and cognitive interventions, demonstrating that this new form of intervention exerts lasting and stable benefits in cognition. However, we concluded that more studies are needed to compare interventions that use exergaming or computer programs with traditional interventions.
Insulin-like Growth Factor 1, Growth Hormone, and Anti-Müllerian Hormone Receptors Are Differentially Expressed during GnRH Neuron Development
Authors: Paganoni Alyssa J. J. , Cannarella Rossella , Oleari Roberto , Amoruso Federica , Antal Renata , Ruzza Marco , Olivieri Chiara , Condorelli Rosita A. , La Vignera Sandro , Tolaj Fationa , Cariboni Anna , Calogero Aldo E. , Magni Paolo
Published: August 2023

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons are key neuroendocrine cells in the brain as they control reproduction by regulating hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis function. In this context, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), growth hormone (GH), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) were shown to improve GnRH neuron migration and function in vitro. Whether AMH, GH, and IGF1 signaling pathways participate in the development and function of GnRH neurons in vivo is, however, currently still unknown. To assess the role of AMH, GH, and IGF1 systems in the development of GnRH neuron, we evaluated the expression of AMH receptors (AMHR2), GH (GHR), and IGF1 (IGF1R) on sections of ex vivo mice at different development stages. The expression of AMHR2, GHR, and IGF1R was assessed by immunofluorescence using established protocols and commercial antibodies. The head sections of mice were analyzed at E12.5, E14.5, and E18.5. In particular, at E12.5, we focused on the neurogenic epithelium of the vomeronasal organ (VNO), where GnRH neurons, migratory mass cells, and the pioneering vomeronasal axon give rise. At E14.5, we focused on the VNO and nasal forebrain junction (NFJ), the two regions where GnRH neurons originate and migrate to the hypothalamus, respectively. At E18.5, the median eminence, which is the hypothalamic area where GnRH is released, was analyzed. At E12.5, double staining for the neuronal marker ß-tubulin III and AMHR2, GHR, or IGF1R revealed a signal in the neurogenic niches of the olfactory and VNO during early embryo development. Furthermore, IGF1R and GHR were expressed by VNO-emerging GnRH neurons. At E14.5, a similar expression pattern was found for the neuronal marker ß-tubulin III, while the expression of IGF1R and GHR began to decline, as also observed at E18.5. Of note, hypothalamic GnRH neurons labeled for PLXND1 tested positive for AMHR2 expression. Ex vivo experiments on mouse sections revealed differential protein expression patterns for AMHR2, GHR, and IGF1R at any time point in development between neurogenic areas and hypothalamic compartments. These findings suggest a differential functional role of related systems in the development of GnRH neurons.
Metabolic Brain Changes Can Predict the Underlying Pathology in Neurodegenerative Brain Disorders: A Case Report of Sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease with Concomitant Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Rus Tomaž , Mlakar Jernej , Jamšek Jan , Trošt Maja
Published: August 2023

The co-occurrence of multiple proteinopathies is being increasingly recognized in neurodegenerative disorders and poses a challenge in differential diagnosis and patient selection for clinical trials. Changes in brain metabolism captured by positron emission tomography (PET) with 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) allow us to differentiate between different neurodegenerative disorders either by visual exploration or by studying disease-specific metabolic networks in individual patients. However, the impact of multiple proteinopathies on brain metabolism and metabolic networks remains unknown due to the absence of pathological studies. In this case study, we present a 67-year-old patient with rapidly progressing dementia clinically diagnosed with probable sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (sCJD). However, in addition to the expected pronounced cortical and subcortical hypometabolism characteristic of sCJD, the brain FDG PET revealed an intriguing finding of unexpected relative hypermetabolism in the bilateral putamina, raising suspicions of coexisting Parkinson’s disease (PD). Additional investigation of disease-specific metabolic brain networks revealed elevated expression of both CJD-related pattern (CJDRP) and PD-related pattern (PDRP) networks. The patient eventually developed akinetic mutism and passed away seven weeks after symptom onset. Neuropathological examination confirmed neuropathological changes consistent with sCJD and the presence of Lewy bodies confirming PD pathology. Additionally, hyperphosphorylated tau and TDP-43 pathology were observed, a combination of four proteinopathies that had not been previously reported. Overall, this case provides valuable insights into the complex interplay of neurodegenerative pathologies and their impact on metabolic brain changes, emphasizing the role of metabolic brain imaging in evaluating potential presence of multiple proteinopathies.
Cryopreserved Platelets in a Non-Toxic DMSO-Free Solution Maintain Hemostatic Function In Vitro
Authors: Ehn Kristina , Wikman Agneta , Uhlin Michael , Sandgren Per
Published: August 2023

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is regularly used as a cryoprotectant agent for the cryopreservation of platelets. However, DMSO is considered toxic. We therefore hypothesized that saline could be used as a non-toxic medium for the cryopreservation of platelets. Double-dose buffy coat platelets (n = 10) were divided and cryopreserved at −80 °C using 5–6% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or in NaCl (9 mg/mL). Paired testing was conducted pre-freeze, post-thaw (PT 1 h). Upon analysis, each bag was thawed and reconstituted in fresh plasma. Analyses included cell counts and the metabolic, phenotypic, and functional properties of the platelets together with thromboelastometry. The cryopreserved platelets showed several biochemical and ultrastructural changes compared to pre-freezing. Platelet recovery was approximately 17% higher in DMSO-free units (p < 0.001), but the platelet viability was reduced (p < 0.001). However, using controlled freezing (n = 6), the platelet viability was improved. The clot formation time (CFT) was comparable, but DMSO-free platelets showed slightly decreased maximum clot firmness (MCF) (p = 0.034). By reducing the reconstituted plasma volume, a reduced CFT and increased MCF were obtained (p < 0.001). This study demonstrates that platelets can be cryopreserved in saline without the addition of DMSO, with high recovery and maintained hemostatic function. However, controlled freezing is required to optimize platelet quality.
Synthesis of β-Carbolines with Electrocyclic Cyclization of 3-Nitrovinylindoles
Authors: Aksenov Nicolai A. , Arutiunov Nikolai A. , Aksenov Alexander V. , Kirilov Nikita K. , Aksenova Inna V. , Aksenov Dmitrii A. , Aleksandrova Elena V. , Rubin Michael , Kornienko Alexander
Published: August 2023

The β-carboline motif is common in drug discovery and among numerous biologically active natural products. However, its synthetic preparation relies on multistep sequences and heavily depends on the type of substitution required in the core of the desired β-carboline target. Herein, we demonstrate that this structural motif can be accessed with the microwave-assisted electrocyclic cyclization of heterotrienic aci (alkylideneazinic acid) forms of 3-nitrovinylindoles. The reaction can start with 3-nitrovinylindoles themselves under two sets of conditions. The first one involves microwave irradiation of butanolic solutions of 3-nitrovinylindoles, whereas the second one consists of prior Boc protection of indolic nitrogen, where the protecting group cleanly comes off during the course of the reaction. Alternatively, the reaction can start with 3-nitrovinylindoles prepared in situ using various processes. Finally, the reaction may utilize indoles with β-nitrostyrenes, likely involving the intermediacy of spirocyclic oxazolines, which rearrange to similar heterotrienic systems undergoing cyclization to β-carbolines. As part of this study, several natural products, namely, alkaloids norharmane, harmane, and eudistomin N, were synthesized.
Genomic Insights into Listeria monocytogenes: Organic Acid Interventions for Biofilm Prevention and Control
Authors: Avila-Novoa María Guadalupe , González-Torres Berenice , González-Gómez Jean Pierre , Guerrero-Medina Pedro Javier , Martínez-Chávez Liliana , Martínez-Gonzáles Nanci Edid , Chaidez Cristóbal , Gutiérrez-Lomelí Melesio
Published: August 2023

Listeria monocytogenes is an important pathogen that has been implicated in foodborne illness. The aim of the present study was to investigate the diversity of virulence factors associated with the mechanisms of pathogenicity, persistence, and formation of biofilm L. monocytogenes by tandem analysis of whole-genome sequencing. The lineages that presented L. monocytogenes (LmAV-2, LmAV-3, and LmAV-6) from Hass avocados were lineages I and II. Listeria pathogenicity island 1 (LIPI-1) and LIPI-2 were found in the isolates, while LIPI-3 and Listeria genomic island (LGI-2) only was in IIb. Stress survival island (SSI-1) was identified in lineage I and II. In the in silico analysis, resistance genes belonging to several groups of antibiotics were detected, but the bcrABC and transposon Tn6188 related to resistance to quaternary ammonium salts (QACs) were not detected in L. monocytogenes. Subsequently, the anti-L. monocytogenes planktonic cell effect showed for QACs (MIC = 6.25 ppm/MBC = 100 ppm), lactic acid (MBC = 1 mg/mL), citric acid (MBC = 0.5 mg/mL) and gallic acid (MBC = 2 mg/mL). The anti-biofilm effect with organic acids (22 °C) caused a reduction of 4–5 log10 cfu/cm2 after 10 min against control biofilm L. monocytogenes formed on PP than SS. This study is an important contribution to understanding the genomic diversity and epidemiology of L. monocytogenes to establish a control measure to reduce the impact on the environment and the consumer.
Hormonal Imbalances in Prader–Willi and Schaaf–Yang Syndromes Imply the Evolution of Specific Regulation of Hypothalamic Neuroendocrine Function in Mammals
Authors: Hoyos Sanchez Maria Camila , Bayat Tara , Gee Rebecca R. Florke , Fon Tacer Klementina
Published: August 2023

The hypothalamus regulates fundamental aspects of physiological homeostasis and behavior, including stress response, reproduction, growth, sleep, and feeding, several of which are affected in patients with Prader–Willi (PWS) and Schaaf–Yang syndrome (SYS). PWS is caused by paternal deletion, maternal uniparental disomy, or imprinting defects that lead to loss of expression of a maternally imprinted region of chromosome 15 encompassing non-coding RNAs and five protein-coding genes; SYS patients have a mutation in one of them, MAGEL2. Throughout life, PWS and SYS patients suffer from musculoskeletal deficiencies, intellectual disabilities, and hormonal abnormalities, which lead to compulsive behaviors like hyperphagia and temper outbursts. Management of PWS and SYS is mostly symptomatic and cures for these debilitating disorders do not exist, highlighting a clear, unmet medical need. Research over several decades into the molecular and cellular roles of PWS genes has uncovered that several impinge on the neuroendocrine system. In this review, we will discuss the expression and molecular functions of PWS genes, connecting them with hormonal imbalances in patients and animal models. Besides the observed hormonal imbalances, we will describe the recent findings about how the loss of individual genes, particularly MAGEL2, affects the molecular mechanisms of hormone secretion. These results suggest that MAGEL2 evolved as a mammalian-specific regulator of hypothalamic neuroendocrine function.
Low Molecular Weight Inhibitors Targeting the RNA-Binding Protein HuR
Authors: Joseph Benjamin Philipp , Weber Verena , Knüpfer Lisa , Giorgetti Alejandro , Alfonso-Prieto Mercedes , Krauß Sybille , Carloni Paolo , Rossetti Giulia
Published: August 2023

The RNA-binding protein human antigen R (HuR) regulates stability, translation, and nucleus-to-cytoplasm shuttling of its target mRNAs. This protein has been progressively recognized as a relevant therapeutic target for several pathologies, like cancer, neurodegeneration, as well as inflammation. Inhibitors of mRNA binding to HuR might thus be beneficial against a variety of diseases. Here, we present the rational identification of structurally novel HuR inhibitors. In particular, by combining chemoinformatic approaches, high-throughput virtual screening, and RNA–protein pulldown assays, we demonstrate that the 4-(2-(2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-5(2H)-ylidene)hydrazineyl)benzoate ligand exhibits a dose-dependent HuR inhibition effect in binding experiments. Importantly, the chemical scaffold is new with respect to the currently known HuR inhibitors, opening up a new avenue for the design of pharmaceutical agents targeting this important protein.
Effects of Biochar on Drought Tolerance of Pinus banksiana Seedlings
Authors: Reuling Laura F. , Toczydlowski Alan J. Z. , Slesak Robert A. , Windmuller-Campione Marcella A.
Published: August 2023

Drought is a major stressor of tree seedlings regarding both natural and artificial regeneration, especially in excessively drained, sandy outwash soils. While climate change is expected to cause an increase in the total annual precipitation in the Upper Midwest, USA, the timing of the precipitation is predicted to result in longer periods of drought during the growing season. Biochar, a material created through the pyrolysis of organic matter, such as wood waste, has been proposed as a soil amendment that may increase the water holding capacity of a soil. Biochar has mostly been studied in agricultural settings, and less is known about the impact of biochar on forest soils and tree seedlings. We used a greenhouse experiment to test the ability of biochar to improve the drought tolerance of jack pine (Pinus banksiana) seedlings via increased soil water holding capacity. The seedlings were planted in sandy soil treated with three levels of biochar (none, 3% by weight, and 6% by weight) in two experiments, one manipulating the timing of drought onset and the other controlling the amount of water that seedlings received. Our results showed no significant effects of biochar on seedling survival, growth, or physiology under drought conditions. While this outcome did not support the hypothesis that biochar would increase seedling performance, the biochar amendments did not negatively affect seedlings, indicating that biochar may be added to soil for carbon storage without having negative short-term impacts on tree seedlings.
The Association between Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in 42,726 Adults in UK Biobank: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: AlGhibiwi Hanan K. , Sarawi Wedad S. , Alosaimi Manal E. , Alhusaini Ahlam M. , Assiri Mohammed A. , Algarzae Norah K.
Published: August 2023

Background: Traditional modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, such as high blood pressure, have long been positively correlated with high carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). However, traditional cardiovascular risk factors made a minor contribution to cIMT variance, meaning that other markers may be regarded as independent markers for increasing cIMT. Aims: To investigate the simple demographic patterns of carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in the UK Biobank and to identify which upstream cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors are independently associated with cIMT. Methods and Results: A cross-sectional-based study of healthy middle-aged people recruited in the UK between 2006 and 2010 (n = 42,726). Results: This study showed that the cardiovascular risk profile generally worsened across the cIMT quantiles from lowest to highest. The lowest cIMT quartile was defined as having a mean cIMT < 588 µm, while the highest cIMT quartile was defined as having a mean cIMT > 748 µm. Specifically, the highest cIMT quantile group had a worse CVD risk factors profile compared to the lowest cIMT quantile group. It was found that, for every one SD increase in age and systolic blood pressure, the mean cIMT increased by 0.357 SD and 0.115 SD, respectively. Conclusion: Systolic blood pressure and age were the strongest independent risk factors for a high cIMT value compared to other risk factors.
Risk of Recurrence of Hepatocarcinoma after Liver Transplantation: Performance of Recurrence Predictive Models in a Cohort of Transplant Patients
Authors: Cuadrado Antonio , Fortea José Ignacio , Rodríguez-Lope Carlos , Puente Ángela , Fernández-Vilchez Vanesa , Echavarria Victor Jose , Castillo Suescun Federico José , Fernández Roberto , Echeverri Juan Andrés , Achalandabaso Mar , Toledo Enrique , Pellón Raúl , Rodríguez Sanjuan Juan Carlos , Crespo Javier , Fábrega Emilio
Published: August 2023

Liver transplantation (LT) is a curative treatment for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) unsuitable for surgical resection. However, tumor recurrence (TR) rates range from 8% to 20% despite strict selection criteria. The validation of new prognostic tools, such as pre-MORAL or RETREAT risks, is necessary to improve recurrence prediction. A retrospective study was conducted at Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital in Cantabria, Spain, between 2010 and 2019 to determine the rate of TR in LT patients and identify associated factors. Patients with liver-kidney transplantation, re-transplantation, HIV infection, survival less than 90 days, or incidental HCC were excluded. Data on demographic, liver disease-related, LT, and tumor-related variables, as well as follow-up records, including TR and death, were collected. TR was analyzed using the Log-Rank test, and a multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed. The study was approved by the IRB of Cantabria. TR occurred in 13.6% of LT patients (95% CI = 7.3–23.9), primarily as extrahepatic recurrence (67%) within the first 5 years (75%). Increased TR was significantly associated with higher Body Mass Index (BMI) (HR = 1.3 [95% CI = 1.1–1.5]), vascular micro-invasion (HR = 8.8 [1.6–48.0]), and medium (HR = 20.4 [3.0–140.4]) and high pre-MORAL risk (HR = 30.2 [1.6–568.6]). TR also showed a significant correlation with increased mortality. Conclusions: LT for HCC results in a 13.6% rate of tumor recurrence. Factors such as BMI, vascular micro-invasion, and medium/high pre-MORAL risk are strongly associated with TR following LT.
Bayesian Reconstruction Algorithms for Low-Dose Computed Tomography Are Not Yet Suitable in Clinical Context
Authors: Kniep Inga , Mieling Robin , Gerling Moritz , Schlaefer Alexander , Heinemann Axel , Ondruschka Benjamin
Published: August 2023

Computed tomography (CT) is a widely used examination technique that usually requires a compromise between image quality and radiation exposure. Reconstruction algorithms aim to reduce radiation exposure while maintaining comparable image quality. Recently, unsupervised deep learning methods have been proposed for this purpose. In this study, a promising sparse-view reconstruction method (posterior temperature optimized Bayesian inverse model; POTOBIM) is tested for its clinical applicability. For this study, 17 whole-body CTs of deceased were performed. In addition to POTOBIM, reconstruction was performed using filtered back projection (FBP). An evaluation was conducted by simulating sinograms and comparing the reconstruction with the original CT slice for each case. A quantitative analysis was performed using peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity index measure (SSIM). The quality was assessed visually using a modified Ludewig’s scale. In the qualitative evaluation, POTOBIM was rated worse than the reference images in most cases. A partially equivalent image quality could only be achieved with 80 projections per rotation. Quantitatively, POTOBIM does not seem to benefit from more than 60 projections. Although deep learning methods seem suitable to produce better image quality, the investigated algorithm (POTOBIM) is not yet suitable for clinical routine.
Metacognitive Effort Regulation across Cultures
Authors: Ackerman Rakefet , Binah-Pollak Avital , Lauterman Tirza
Published: August 2023

Success in cognitive tasks is associated with effort regulation and motivation. We employed the meta-reasoning approach to investigate metacognitive monitoring accuracy and effort regulation in problem solving across cultures. Adults from China, from Israel, and from Europe and North America (for simplicity: “Western countries”) solved nonverbal problems and rated their confidence in their answers. The task involved identifying geometric shapes within silhouettes and, thus, required overcoming interference from holistic processing. The Western group displayed the worst monitoring accuracy, with both the highest overconfidence and poorest resolution (discrimination in confidence between the correct and wrong solutions). The Israeli group resembled the Western group in many respects but exhibited better monitoring accuracy. The Chinese group invested the most time and achieved the best success rates, demonstrating exceptional motivation and determination to succeed. However, their efficiency suffered as they correctly solved the fewest problems per minute of work. Effort regulation analysis based on the Diminishing Criterion Model revealed distinct patterns: the Western participants invested the least amount of time regardless of item difficulty and the Israelis invested more time only when addressing the hardest items. The Chinese group allocated more time throughout but particularly in moderate to difficult items, hinting at their strategic determination to overcome the challenge. Understanding cultural differences in metacognitive processes carries implications for theory (e.g., motivational factors) and practice (e.g., international teams, education). The present findings can serve as a foundation for future research in these and other domains.
N-Terminal Pro-B Type Natriuretic Peptide as a Predictive Biomarker of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia or Death Due to Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm Neonates: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Rodolaki Kalliopi , Pergialiotis Vasilios , Sapantzoglou Ioakeim , Theodora Marianna , Antsaklis Panagiotis , Pappa Kalliopi , Daskalakis Georgios , Papapanagiotou Aggeliki
Published: August 2023

Background: Emerging evidence suggests the clinical utility of N terminal pro B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in multiple cardiac and pulmonary abnormalities both in adult and pediatric populations. To date, however, there is no consensus regarding its efficacy for the prediction and severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature neonates. The objective of the present meta-analysis was to determine differences in NT-proBNP among neonates that develop BPD or die from BPD and to evaluate if there is relative information on the diagnostic accuracy of the method. Methods: We conducted a systematic search according to the PRISMA guidelines and looked into Medline (1966–2023), Scopus (2004–2023), Clinicaltrials.gov (2008–2023), EMBASE (1980–2023), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials CENTRAL (1999–2022) and Google Scholar (2004–2023) together with the reference lists from included studies. The potential risk of bias encountered in our study was evaluated using the QUADAS -2 tool. Finally, a total of 9 studies met the eligibility criteria, comprising 1319 newborns, from which 397 developed BPD and 922 were unaffected controls. Results: The results retrieved from our meta-analysis showed that newborns suffering from BPD had notably elevated NT-proBNP levels after birth when compared with healthy neonates (SMD 2.57, 95% CI 0.41, 4.72). The summary effect of the AUC meta-analysis showed that NT-proBNP was very accurate in detecting neonates at risk of developing severe BPD or dying from the disease (AUC −0.16, 95% CI −0.23, −0.08). No studies reported data relevant to the sensitivity and/or specificity of the method in diagnosing BPD. Conclusion: Serum NT-proBNP levels represent a potential future biomarker with great diagnostic validity for the prediction of BPD complicating preterm deliveries. The limited amount of studies included and the significant variations in cutoff values and timing of measurement still restrict the application of NT-proBNP as an established clinical biomarker for BPD. The design of larger prospective studies will provide a more representative number of participants and will address the discrepancies in existing literature.
Pulmonary Hypertension in Left Ventricular Valvular Diseases: A Comprehensive Review on Pathophysiology and Prognostic Value
Authors: Velidakis Nikolaos , Khattab Elina , Gkougkoudi Evangelia , Kadoglou Nikolaos P. E.
Published: August 2023

Left ventricular (LV) valvular diseases, make up one of the most common etiologies for pulmonary hypertension (PH), and it is not well understood how and at which degree it affects prognosis. The aim of the present study was a comprehensive review of the pathophysiologic mechanism of PH in patients with LV valvular diseases and the prognostic value of baseline and post-intervention PH in patients undergoing interventional treatment. The pathophysiology of PH in patients with LV valvular diseases involves gradual elevation of left ventricular filling pressure and left atrial pressure, which are passively transmitted to the pulmonary circulation and raise pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP). A long-lasting exposure to elevated PASP progressively leads to initially functional and thereafter irreversible structural changes in the pulmonary vasculature, leading up to high pulmonary vascular resistance. Surgical treatment of severe LV valvular diseases is highly effective in patients without resting PH or those with exercise-induced PH (EIPH) before intervention. In the case of pre-operative PH, successful interventional therapy decreases PASP, but the post-operative cardiac and all-cause mortality remain higher compared to patients without pre-operative PH. Hence, it is of paramount importance to detect patients with severe LV valvulopathies before the development of PH, since they will get greater benefits from early intervention.
An Intrinsic Version of the k-Harmonic Equation
Authors: Abrunheiro Lígia , Camarinha Margarida
Published: August 2023

The notion of k-harmonic curves is associated with the kth-order variational problem defined by the k-energy functional. The present paper gives a geometric formulation of this higher-order variational problem on a Riemannian manifold M and describes a generalized Legendre transformation defined from the kth-order tangent bundle TkM to the cotangent bundle T*Tk−1M. The intrinsic version of the Euler–Lagrange equation and the corresponding Hamiltonian equation obtained via the Legendre transformation are achieved. Geodesic and cubic polynomial interpolation is covered by this study, being explored here as harmonic and biharmonic curves. The relationship of the variational problem with the optimal control problem is also presented for the case of biharmonic curves.
Unsupervised Learning of Particles Dispersion
Authors: Christakis Nicholas , Drikakis Dimitris
Published: August 2023

This paper discusses using unsupervised learning in classifying particle-like dispersion. The problem is relevant to various applications, including virus transmission and atmospheric pollution. The Reduce Uncertainty and Increase Confidence (RUN-ICON) algorithm of unsupervised learning is applied to particle spread classification. The algorithm classifies the particles with higher confidence and lower uncertainty than other algorithms. The algorithm’s efficiency remains high also when noise is added to the system. Applying unsupervised learning in conjunction with the RUN-ICON algorithm provides a tool for studying particles’ dynamics and their impact on air quality, health, and climate.
Conservation Laws and Exact Solutions for Time-Delayed Burgers–Fisher Equations
Authors: Márquez Almudena P. , de la Rosa Rafael , Garrido Tamara M. , Gandarias María L.
Published: August 2023

A generalization of the time-delayed Burgers–Fisher equation is studied. This partial differential equation appears in many physical and biological problems describing the interaction between reaction, diffusion, and convection. New travelling wave solutions are obtained. The solutions are derived in a systematic way by applying the multi-reduction method to the symmetry-invariant conservation laws. The translation-invariant conservation law yields a first integral, which is a first-order Chini equation. Under certain conditions on the coefficients of the equation, the Chini type equation obtained can be solved, yielding travelling wave solutions expressed in terms of the Lerch transcendent function. For a special case, the first integral becomes a Riccati equation, whose solutions are given in terms of Bessel functions, and for a special case of the parameters, the solutions are given in terms of exponential, trigonometric, and hyperbolic functions. Furthermore, a complete classification of the zeroth-order local conservation laws is obtained. To the best of our knowledge, our results include new solutions that have not been previously reported in the literature.