bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Utility, Impact, and Adoption Challenges of an Artificial Intelligence–Enabled Prescription Advisory Tool for Type 2 Diabetes Management: Qualitative Study
Authors: Yoon Sungwon , Goh Hendra , Lee Phong Ching , Tan Hong Chang , Teh Ming Ming , Lim Dawn Shao Ting , Kwee Ann , Suresh Chandran , Carmody David , Swee Du Soon , Tan Sarah Ying Tse , Wong Andy Jun-Wei , Choo Charlotte Hui-Min , Wee Zongwen , Bee Yong Mong
Published: May 2024

Background

The clinical management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) presents a significant challenge due to the constantly evolving clinical practice guidelines and growing array of drug classes available. Evidence suggests that artificial intelligence (AI)–enabled clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) have proven to be effective in assisting clinicians with informed decision-making. Despite the merits of AI-driven CDSSs, a significant research gap exists concerning the early-stage implementation and adoption of AI-enabled CDSSs in T2DM management.

Objective

This study aimed to explore the perspectives of clinicians on the use and impact of the AI-enabled Prescription Advisory (APA) tool, developed using a multi-institution diabetes registry and implemented in specialist endocrinology clinics, and the challenges to its adoption and application.

Methods

We conducted focus group discussions using a semistructured interview guide with purposively selected endocrinologists from a tertiary hospital. The focus group discussions were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were thematically analyzed.

Results

A total of 13 clinicians participated in 4 focus group discussions. Our findings suggest that the APA tool offered several useful features to assist clinicians in effectively managing T2DM. Specifically, clinicians viewed the AI-generated medication alterations as a good knowledge resource in supporting the clinician’s decision-making on drug modifications at the point of care, particularly for patients with comorbidities. The complication risk prediction was seen as positively impacting patient care by facilitating early doctor-patient communication and initiating prompt clinical responses. However, the interpretability of the risk scores, concerns about overreliance and automation bias, and issues surrounding accountability and liability hindered the adoption of the APA tool in clinical practice.

Conclusions

Although the APA tool holds great potential as a valuable resource for improving patient care, further efforts are required to address clinicians’ concerns and improve the tool’s acceptance and applicability in relevant contexts.
The Evaluation of Generative AI Should Include Repetition to Assess Stability (Preprint)
Authors: Zhu Lingxuan , Mou Weiming , Hong Chenglin , Yang Tao , Lai Yancheng , Qi Chang , Lin Anqi , Zhang Jian , Luo Peng
Published: May 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

The increasing interest in the potential applications of generative artificial intelligence (AI) models like ChatGPT in health care has prompted numerous studies to explore its performance in various medical contexts. However, evaluating ChatGPT poses unique challenges due to the inherent randomness in its responses. Unlike traditional AI models, ChatGPT generates different responses for the same input, making it imperative to assess its stability through repetition. This commentary highlights the importance of including repetition in the evaluation of ChatGPT to ensure the reliability of conclusions drawn from its performance. Similar to biological experiments, which often require multiple repetitions for validity, we argue that assessing generative AI models like ChatGPT demands a similar approach. Failure to acknowledge the impact of repetition can lead to biased conclusions and undermine the credibility of research findings. We urge researchers to incorporate appropriate repetition in their studies from the outset and transparently report their methods to enhance the robustness and reproducibility of findings in this rapidly evolving field.
New Constraints of Interior Fars Sedimentary Basin Analysis During Asmari Formation (Oligocene-Lower Miocene) Deposition, South Iran
Authors: Yarem Taghloo Sohrabi Maryam , Soleimani Bahman , Ahmadi Vahid , Jahani Dawood , Kohansal Ghadimvand Nader
Published: May 2024

Interior Fars region is an important geological province of Zagros basin due to historical events. The present paper focused on the time span of the Asmari deposition (Oligo-Lower Miocene) in Fars area bounded by Kazerun and Nezamabad faults. The studied samples of Asmari Formation were collected from 3 different stratigraphic sections A, B and C. The area is discussed in view of microfacies variation, sequence stratigraphy and environmental factors such as diagenetic processes and sea level changes. Microscopic studies led to identification 13 carbonate facies in this area. The results showed that the Asmari Formation has been deposited in a carbonate shelf in 5 sedimentary sub-environments including open sea, bar, lagoon, shoal and tidal flat. Basin changes were also compared with global sea level changes. Sequential stratigraphic evidence showed that the Asmari Formation consists of two sedimentary sequences of third order. The unconformity in the lower boundary of Asmari Formation with Jahrom Formation in sections-B and C can be ascribed to the result of Pyrenean orogenic phase activity in this area. The Asmari Formation in this area has been undergone extensively by diagenetic processes. Micriticization, dolomitization, cementation, hematitization, stylolitization, neomorphism and dissolution are among the important and noteworthy of diagenetic processes. The intensity of each process is a function of facies characteristics (fabric control). Microfacies data and sea level changes curve in local (the area), regional and global scales revealed that these facies are more correlated to the local sea level variation than others. The present study resulted to new main points related to the Fars basin evolution. Reactivation of faults (such as Kazerun and Nezamabad), regional sea level changes and Alpine orogenic phases impact (i.e., Pyrenean phase) have involved a major role in sedimentary facies distribution and basin evolution.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: clinical phenotypes, polymorphism of life-course manifestations, and therapeutic strategies
Authors: Martsenkovsky I. , Martsenkovska I. , Makarenko H.
Published: May 2024

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurobehavioral disorder that manifests in childhood and persists into adulthood. The prevalence of ADHD (USA/worldwide) in children and adolescents is 9.5/5.29 %, in adults — 4.4/2.5 %. The disorder has strong genetic correlations with numerous mental disorders and neurological diseases, in particular with post-traumatic stress disorder, addiction to cannabis, cocaine, recurrent and bipolar affective disorders, behavioral disorders, which is the biological basis of its clinical polymorbidity. Symptoms of ADHD overlap with other clinical manifestations of neurodevelopmental disorders (symptoms of autistic spectrum disorders, speech disorders, movement disorders, dyslexia, cognitive impairment), forming a polymorphic spectrum of pervasive developmental variants. Psychostimulants have been the standard of ADHD treatment for over 50 years. In 2002, atomoxetine became the first nonstimulant medication approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of ADHD, first in children and later in adult patients. Stimulant and nonstimulant medications have been shown to be effective in different phenotypes of ADHD (comorbidity with other mental and neurological disorders). In case of comorbidity of ADHD with anxiety, tics, atomoxetine has an advantage over stimulants and, together with alpha-2-adrenergic receptor agonists, can be recommended as the first drug. The presence of comorbid anxiety disorder or recurrent depression does not impact the efficacy and side effects of atomoxetine. Thus, atomoxetine is an effective drug and not only improves the symptoms of ADHD, but also plays a certain role in the treatment of patients with comorbid depression and anxiety.
Subacute paraneoplastic neuropathy as a form of “classic” paraneoplastic syndrome (literature review)
Authors: Stelmashchuk D.R. , Kopchak O.O.
Published: May 2024

The article reviews the problem of paraneoplastic neurological syndromes with a focus on paraneoplastic subacute neuropathy. It outlines clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria of the 2021 PNS-Care Score, recommended methods of patients’ examination and treatment for paraneoplastic sensory neuropathies. The relevance of this article is driven by the overall increase in cancers in the population and, consequently, the rise in the frequency of paraneoplastic syndromes. Given that paraneoplastic syndromes can arise at any stage of oncological disease, both in diagnosed cancer and in preclinical stages preceding the detection of primary cancer, a review of this topic is beneficial for early diagnosis and improvement of treatment outcomes.
Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies in children: clinical, neurophysiological, neuroimaging and genetic characteristics
Authors: Kyrylova L.H. , Miroshnykov O.O. , Yuzva O.O. , Badiuk V.M. , Dolenko O.O. , Bondarenko Yu.M.
Published: May 2024

Background. The purpose of the study to analyze the clinical, neurophysiological, neuroimaging and genetic characteristics of young children with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy and to determine risk predictors for the development of autism spectrum disorders, with the aim of forming a cohort of children in need of dynamic monitoring and early intervention. Materials and methods. Thirty-eight children aged 0–3 years with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy were included in the study. The examination included assessment of neurological status, history taking, assessment of semiology and determination of seizure type, assessment of development and screening for autism spectrum disorders at the age of 18 and 24 months, video-EEG monitoring during night sleep, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, screening for pathogenic variants by whole exome sequen-cing. Results. A feature of this group of disorders is the presence of subtle, often unrecognized epileptic seizures, which are manifested by persistent focal (60.5 %) or generalized (31.6 %) activity with medium (55.3 %) or high (15.8 %) index of spike-and-wave activity during the stage of slow sleep and the amplitude emphasis over the frontal (52.6 %) or temporal (28.9 %) lobes. According to magnetic resonance imaging, structural changes in the brain were found in 91.1 % of children, including focal or diffuse changes in the white matter of the brain in 36.8 %, hypoplasia of the corpus callosum in 21.1 %, atrophic changes in the cerebral cortex in 15.8 %, congenital malformations in 13.2 % of cases. Pathogenic variants of 35 different genes were found in the examined children with the onset of seizures during the first year of life. Pathogenic variants of genes responsible for the synthesis and repair of DNA and RNA (28.9 %) and the activity of intracellular enzymes were the most common — 8 cases (21.1 %). The share of children with general developmental delay at the age of 24 months was 11.9 %, and cognitive impairment — 34.2 %. Conclusions. It was shown that children with a history of generalized tonic-clonic seizures (RR = 2.13) had a high risk of developing autism spectrum disorders at 24 months. A positive relationship was found between the presence of mutations in genes responsible for DNA synthesis and repair (RR = 1.88) and an increased risk of developing ASD at the age of 24 months (90.9 % of children).
Characteristics of fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products in multiple sclerosis following SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Halenova T.I. , Raksha N.G. , Vovk T.B. , Karbovskyy V.L. , Sholomon S.M. , Melnyk V.S. , Savchuk O.M.
Published: May 2024

Background. The purpose of this study was to investigate plasma levels of fibrinogen and products of its degradation in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) with and without a history of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Materials and methods. We examined 97 patients with MS. Based on the presence of COVID-19, all cases were divided into two groups. MS group included 56 patients who did not suffer from COVID-19 previously. MS + COVID group consisted of 41 cases who had a laboratory-verified diagnosis of COVID-19. The group of healthy controls included 30 healthy volunteers. Spectrophotometric techniques were used to measure the concentrations of fibrinogen, D-dimer, and soluble fibrin monomer complexes (SFMCs). Size-exclusion chromatography was applied to analyze the composition of SFMC fractions. Results. We found that concentrations of fibrinogen, D-dimer, and SFMCs were remarkably increased in plasma of all MS patients compared with healthy controls. The levels of D-dimer, and SFMCs did not differ between two MS groups, while plasma fibrinogen concentration was significantly increased in MS + COVID patients compared to MS group. Moreover, the development of MS was accompanied by the changes in both quantity and quality of SFMC composition compared to that of healthy controls. Our results demonstrated accumulation of high-molecular-weight SFMCs in plasma of MS patients. Conclusions. The findings indicated that MS patients had changed hemostasis characteristics; however, more research is required to determine the connection between particular hemostatic factors, namely fibrinogen, D-dimer, and SFMCs, and the pathophysiology of MS.
Distribusi dan Karakteristik Penderita Hipertensi di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: Alfana Muhammad Arif Fahrudin , Pitoyo Agus Joko , Listyaningsih Umi , Yaseva Yosi , Yushafira Mirza
Published: May 2024

Salah satu isu kesehatan yang menjadi perhatian dunia adalah masalah hipertensi. Hipertensi merupakan kondisi tekanan darah tidak normal yang mampu memicu masalah kesehatan lainnya seperti jantung, ginjal, masalah otak dan lainnya. Kasus di Indonesia, lebih dari sepertiga penduduk di Indonesia mengidap hipertensi. Artinya bahwa kasus hipertensi memerlukan perhatian lebih melihat kondisi tersebut. Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) merupakan provinsi tertinggi keempat untuk kasus hipertensi di Indonesia. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran dalam data Riskesdas 2019, prevalensi penderita hipertensi DIY di atas 30 persen. Sedangkan berdasarkan diagosis dokter/obat prevalensinya sebesar 10,68 persen. Oleh karenanya hipertensi menjadi salah satu masalah utama kesehatan penduduk di DIY. Meskipun begitu penting, publikasi dasar mengenai distribusi dan karakteristik penderita hipertensi di DIY belum dibahas secara komperehensif. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menjelaskan distribusi dan karakteristik pada penderita hipertensi di DIY. Temuan hasil ini diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai dasar perencanaan kebijakan utamanya dalam pengendalian dan pengobatan hipertensi di DIY. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif dan komparatif. Data utama yang digunakan adalah profil penderita hipertensi berdasarkan hasil pengukuran dari data Riskesdas 2019. Akurasi data-data tersebut memiliki tingkat interval kepercayaan (confidence interval) 95 persen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa distribusi prevalensi penderita hipertensi di DIY terbanyak berada di Kabupaten Gunungkidul. Sedangkan berdasarkan jumlahnya, terbanyak di Kabupaten Sleman. Penderita hipertensi di DIY memiliki karakteristik dominan di usia lansia (65 tahun ke atas), berjenis kelamin perempuan, berpendidikan rendah, tinggal di perdesaan serta dominan bekerja di sektor pertanian. Profil tersebut menjelaskan bahwa selain rentan karena kesehatannya, profil penderita hipertensi di DIY juga rentan dari sisi kondisi sosial ekonominya. Oleh karenanya penanganan yang tepat diperlukan agar masalah hipertensi di DIY dapat tertangani dengan baik.
Comprehensive Evaluation of the Regulation of Skin Pigment Deposition by Active Ingredients Based on Whitening Products
Authors: Chu Pengfei
Published: May 2024

This study was mainly about different whitening products. Analysed their different product ingredients and the essentials of daily skincare. By looking at the results of the study show that there are differences in how individuals respond to whitening products due to differences in the combination of ingredients. Considered both internal and external will having different influences. Therefore, to determine the products to realise the optimal result, we should also consider our individual needs and preferences. Only by fully understanding and making informed choices based on our needs and preferences can we ensure the best results in our skincare routine.
From Myth to Mythya: A Study on the Metamorphosis of Ramayana in Modern India
Authors: Munna Kanhu Charan
Published: May 2024

This article explores the enduring impact of Indian mythology on contemporary literature, particularly through the reinterpretation of ancient epics like the Ramayana. It delves into recent literary works that reimagine these timeless tales, offering fresh perspectives that resonate with modern audiences. Beginning with an overview of Indian mythology's rich tapestry, the article highlights its universal themes and relatable characters, from the noble prince Rama to the resilient Sita. It discusses notable works such as Amish Tripathi's Sita: Warrior Of Mithila, P. Lalita Kumari’s The Liberation of Sita, and Anand Neelakantan's Asura: Tale of the Vanquished, which provide alternative viewpoints on familiar mythological narratives. The article also explores the evolution of mythopoeia in Indian epics, emphasizing how these narratives have adapted to contemporary sensibilities while retaining their essence. It discusses the transformative process of "mythya," wherein myths transcend literal truth to convey deeper philosophical truths and allegorical meanings. Moreover, the article delves into the feminist reinterpretation of Indian mythology, spotlighting authors like Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni and Volga, who have reclaimed the voices of subaltern female characters. These retellings offer nuanced portrayals that challenge patriarchal interpretations and provide a platform for marginalized perspectives. Lastly, the article underscores the importance of reclaiming subaltern voices in mythology, showcasing how retellings have amplified the stories of characters traditionally overlooked or sidelined. Overall, it demonstrates the dynamic interplay between ancient mythology and contemporary literature, showcasing the enduring relevance and transformative potential of mythological retellings in shaping our understanding of the human experience.
An Expression of Complex Psychology in the Character of Aunt Patience: As a Gothic Component of Jamaica Inn
Authors: Verma Richa , Soni Gauri
Published: May 2024

Daphne Du Maurier builds a fairy tale narrative in Jamaica Inn, with a classic villain and a conflicted damsel-in-distress in gothic romances, brought together within a toxic marital bond. This paper aims on scrutinizing the character of ‘Aunt Patience’ as an inspiration behind ‘marriage’ motivating an exercise of patriarchal control, through invasion of female psychology. Recurring instances of terror, crime, incest and domestic violence, still celebrate the triumph of female strength and undying passion for freedom. ‘Aunt Patience’, in the face of psychological and bodily threat, falls prey to a classic tragedy, with ‘supernatural’ as an integral part of her life. Horror and unrest consume her psyche, manipulating important aspects of her life to a degree of becoming ‘normal’. Home and family become synonymous to danger, compromising female sanity, with special focus on problematic social categorization of women. The aim here is to portray gothic events of Jamaica Inn, leading to mystery and social dilemma, considered as strong voices in Du Maurier classics, largely based on toxic marriages, consummation, desire and female intellectuality.
Fluid Identities and Memories in Rivers Solomon's The Deep
Authors: Shrutika Shrutika
Published: May 2024

In recent years, there has been a noticeable shift in the realm of speculative fantasy fiction towards incorporating contemporary issues, particularly those concerning marginalized communities. Popular speculative fiction has become increasingly interested in exploring the experiences of marginalized people and how they make their way through a world that is frequently hostile to them. Rivers Solomon, in her 2019 novella, The Deep, skilfully explores the ongoing struggle of marginalized communities to reconcile their past with their present and future. Through this exploration, this study aims to gain a deeper understanding of the ways in which postcolonialism interacts in creative narratives, particularly in speculative fantasy fiction. Set in a deep underwater society inhabited by the descendants of pregnant African women who were thrown overboard during the transatlantic slave trade, this work grapples with the lasting impact of this traumatic history on the fictional “Wajinru” community while highlighting the novel's historical context. The characters and their experiences highlight the marginalization and resistance of individuals who occupy liminal spaces, while its narrative structure disrupts dominant traditional narratives. The aim of this paper is to delve into the intricate process of identity formation within the context of generational trauma portrayed in the novella.
The Case for Closing the U.S. Prison at Guantanamo Bay
Authors:   Binghamton University, DeOliveira Emma
Published: May 2024

One of the secret CIA black sites that the U.S. government made use of was held at Guantanamo Bay detention facility in Cuba. It was used to torture suspected terrorists into providing intelligence following the terrorist attacks of September 11. Despite the end of the use of this black site, thirty detainees remain there today. Guantanamo detainees have often been captured from their homeland, then forcibly disappeared, and brought to the detention facility for indefinite detention and interrogation prior to having been charged with a crime. Despite their knowledge against its use, the U.S. government authorized the use of these “enhanced interrogation techniques” despite their being in violation of the Torture Statute and the DTA as well as several international frameworks. The goal of this article is to locate the contradictions between these legal frameworks and first-hand accounts to prove that human rights violations were committed at Guantanamo Bay detention facility and suggest that all the remaining prisoners should either be tried in a court of law for their alleged crimes or should be set free as soon as possible. This article will do so by comparing the violation of these rights to first-hand accounts from several Guantanamo memoirs.
X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Historic Art Paint Pigments
Authors:   Binghamton University, Stirpe Sofia A. , Thieme Juergen ,   Brookhaven National Laboratory
Published: May 2024

Utilizing synchrotron radiation, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) microscopy enables researchers to deduce the elemental composition of paint pigments with a higher sensitivity and resolution than that of lab-based XRF instruments. With this information, art historians can date paintings by examining the elemental makeup of paint pigments and the time periods in which they were used. One painting, Christ and the Woman Taken in Adultery, has been duplicated by Pieter Brueghel the Younger and other artists, leading to confusion over which artworks are Brueghel masterpieces or copies by other artists. Art historian Maurizio Seracini, retaining a painting that could be assigned to Brueghel, confirmed the artwork was a reproduction not created by Brueghel. With radiocarbon dating, Dr. Seracini discovered that the painting was created between 1679 and 1939, after Brueghel’s death in 1638. Dr. Seracini also employed X- ray imaging to differentiate between the painting’s visible and lower layers. This technique uncovered a seated woman within the artwork’s lower layers, indicating that the artist has painted over the original artwork. Substantiating Dr. Seracini’s findings, the sub-µm spatial resolution of Brookhaven National Laboratory’s (BNL’s) Submicron Resolution X-ray Spectroscopy (SRX) beamline was used to conduct an XRF microscopy analysis on a paint fragment from the artwork. The software PyXRF was used to identify elements based on emission spectra, contributing to the discovery of titanium within the painting. The presence of titanium, an element incorporated into paint pigments starting in 1921, indicates that the artwork may be more modern than previously thought. These results illustrate the applicability of synchrotron radiation in characterizing the physical and chemical properties of cultural heritage artifacts, supporting historians in their quests to discover the stories behind these objects.
Maximal graphical realization of a topology
Authors: Thomas Ullas , Mathew Sunil C.
Published: May 2024

Given a topological space, the graphical realizations of it with as many edges as possible, called maximal graphical realizations, are studied here. Every finite topological space admits a maximal graphical realization. However, there are graphs which are not maximal graphical realizations of any topology. A tree of odd order is never a maximal graphical realization of a topological space. Maximal graphical realization of a topology is a cycle if and only if it is C_3. It is shown that chain topologies admit unique maximal graphical realizations. A lower bound for the size of a maximal graphical realization is also obtained.
Antimagic Labeling for Some Snake Graphs
Authors: Barasara Chirag , Prajapati Palak
Published: May 2024

A graph with q edges is called antimagic if its edges can be labeled with 1, 2, 3, ..., q without repetition such that the sums of the labels of the edges incident to each vertex are distinct. In this paper we study antimagic labeling of double triangular snake, alternate triangular snake, double alternate triangular snake, quadrilateral snake, double quadrilateral snake, alternate quadrilateral snake, double alternate quadrilateral snake.
La ciencia política en Ecuador: situación y desafíos
Authors: Guevara Suárez René , Basabe-Serrano Santiago
Published: May 2024

La ciencia política en Ecuador es una disciplina de emergencia tardía (Sorj y Schwartzman, 2008; Mejía, Freidenberg y Pachano, 2005). Recién a mediados de la década de 1990 surgieron los primeros programas universitarios y más tarde los de posgrado (Zamora-Avilés y Jervis-Pastor, 2021, Barrientos, 2014); en la misma tónica se debatió la investigación científica, aunque con un pronunciado incremento de la producción académica durante los últimos años. La migración de jóvenes estudiantes ecuatorianos a realizar posgrados en Estados Unidos, Europa y, en menor medida, en América Latina, podría ser una de las razones de este avance (Dabène 2014; Freidenberg, 2014; Pérez-Liñan, 2014; Došek, Kouba, Springerová, 2014). Sin embargo, muchos de esos nuevos investigadores se establecieron fuera del país, principalmente, por condiciones laborales, por lo que dicho éxodo no necesariamente podría verse reflejado a futuro en la consolidación de la ciencia política realizada en Ecuador. Si bien este hecho no implica necesariamente que la comunidad de politólogos en el país se vea diezmada de forma grave, sí da cuenta de que los espacios de crecimiento de la disciplina “hacia adentro” es uno de los principales desafíos que ahora se afronta.
La ciencia política en el Perú contemporáneo: un estado de la cuestión (1964-2024)
Authors: Luque Brazán José Carlos , Reza Granados Rebeca
Published: May 2024

El presente artículo tiene como propósito central construir un itinerario del desarrollo de la ciencia política en Perú en los últimos 60 años, las coordenadas de esta ruta son los mapas teóricos, epistemológicos y metodológicos de las ciencias sociales peruanas, además de las ideas, valores, intereses y motivaciones predominantes en cada uno de los tres periodos que proponemos en este análisis: 1) periodo preinstitucional (1964-1992); 2) periodo del despliegue de las ideas y transformaciones político-institucionales mercadocéntricas de la dictadura fujimorista (1992-2000) y 3) periodo de institucionalización y despliegue de la ciencia política (2000-2024). Se reflexiona, finalmente, si existe en cada uno de estos arcos temporales alguna especificidad particular en las ciencias sociales y políticas en Perú.
Reflexiones en torno a la persuasión política y su relación con el arte: ejemplos en América Latina
Authors: Ayala Blanco Fernando
Published: May 2024

El presente artículo es una disertación sobre la persuasión política y las conexiones que tiene con las distintas formas de expresión artística. Para ello, se reflexiona sobre el impacto de la retórica en una comunidad, entendida esta última como arte de persuasión. Posteriormente, se habla de la centralidad como paradigma institucional de participación social y política. De esta manera, se explicita el poder de la palabra y del habla como una forma fundamental de comunicación, que facilita la sociabilidad y las relaciones políticas entre los seres humanos. Esta reflexión nos permite encontrar la relación arte y política en América Latina a la luz de algunos ejemplos de expresión artística: tres ejemplos de muralismo latinoamericano, una obra gráfica en tinta de Joaquín Torres-García y un collage de Antonio Berni.
Por una ciencia política del siglo XXI: una trayectoria intelectual
Authors: Bokser Liwerant Judit , Alarcón Olguín Víctor
Published: May 2024

Entrevista a la Dra. Judit Bokser-Liwerant sobre el estado de la ciencia política en América Latina
Calcium-carbonate and phytoelements to improve egg production in backyard laying hens under heat stress
Authors: Gutiérrez Lilia , Mendoza Corazón de Jesus , Sánchez Zacnité , Carrillo Lizbeth , Sumano López Héctor
Published: May 2024

The bioavailability (F) of calcium and other nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract in the second and third laying cycle hens and in hens under heat-stress is insufficient to sustain the necessary egg production. The administration of additional amounts of any source of calcium has been shown to be insufficient to meet the demand for calcium. However, improved calcium F has already been achieved in these hens if calcium carbonate is pharmaceutically prepared as patented pellets (FOLAs). Hence, clinical challenges were set to test the FOLA pellets as a form to sustain egg production and eggshell thickness in 180-second and 180-third cycle Bovans-White laying hens, randomly divided into six groups, as follows: cycle-2 control group (GCC2); FOLA-group-capsaicin (GFcC2); FOLA-group-capsaicin-turmeric powder-cinnamon powder (GfexC2); control-group for third cycle hens (GCC3); FOLA-group-capsaicin (GFcC3); FOLA-group-capsaicin-turmeric powder-cinnamon powder (GFexC3). This trial was carried out under moderate heat-stress conditions, and a follow-up was carried out utilizing eye thermographic measurements. The results show that all FOLA-fed hens of the second or third laying cycle presented better laying average and eggshell thickness than the untreated control groups, i.e., GFcC2 128 % higher than GCC2; GfexC2 135 % higher than GCC2; GFcC3 168 % higher than GCC3; and GFexC3 was 173 % higher than GCC3 (P < 0.01 in all comparisons). FOLA pellet formulation, similar to GfexC2, is postulated as a viable natural solution to counter the decreased egg-laying and shell thickness in second and third-cycle hens under moderate heat stress.
Seleção de áreas adequadas para implantação de aterro sanitário intermunicipal no Sudeste Paraense-Brasil, utilizando SIG vinculado ao Método AHP
Authors: Bruna Bruna de Araújo Almeida , Cantão Larissa Grasielly Vieira , Louzada Aline Furtado , Neves Raisa Rodrigues , Moreira Antonio Carlos Novaes
Published: May 2024

Os problemas ambientais oriundos dos resíduos sólidos vêm se agravando gradativamente com o aumento do consumo e com o esgotamento das áreas para disposição de resíduos. Dessa forma, no Brasil, desde a atualização do Novo marco do Saneamento (Lei nº 14026/2020), os prazos para que os estados e municípios destinem adequadamente seus resíduos ficou entre os anos 2021 a 2024. No entanto, encontrar áreas adequadas para a implantação de um aterro sanitário não é tarefa fácil. Por ser uma medida ambientalmente apropriada, possui diversos critérios para sua viabilidade tanto econômica, técnica, social, ambiental e política. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo buscou selecionar áreas adequadas para implantação de aterro sanitário em municípios da Amazônia Oriental. Para tal, a metodologia utilizada na seleção das áreas adequadas foi o uso do Sistema de Informação Geográfica, combinado a análise multicritério. O resultado materializa-se em mapas que indicam a aptidão e seleção das melhores áreas para a implantação de aterros sanitários. Os municípios apresentaram um cenário restritivo, com apenas 19 áreas excelentes. Por fim, o estudo mostrou que o geoprocessamento em conjunto com a análise multicritério são uma ferramenta eficaz e de baixo custo para análise da escolha de áreas para aterros sanitários.
Estudo comparativo de metodologias de cobrança dos serviços públicos de manejo de resíduos sólidos urbanos para fins de orientação municipal
Authors: Medeiros Rafaella de Moura , Medeiros Ana Luiza Araújo , Da Silva Aline Carolina , Guedes Maria Josicleide Felipe
Published: May 2024

A sustentabilidade econômico-financeira do manejo dos resíduos sólidos urbanos é um dos diversos impasses e desafios do setor, a qual - embora seja prevista pela legislação brasileira - não recebe a atenção devida pelos gestores. Com o objetivo de orientar os municípios para o alcance da implementação da cobrança para gestão dos resíduos municipais, por meio de taxa ou de tarifa, com vistas à autossuficiência financeira das Prefeituras Municipais, este estudo analisou diferentes modelos de cobrança existentes até o ano de 2022, na esfera do poder público federal brasileiro. Para tanto, foi realizado levantamento bibliográfico e análise de 5 (cinco) modelos de cobrança existentes, sob a ótica dos parâmetros aplicabilidade, vantagens e desvantagens; sendo 3 (três) modelos propostos pela Fundação Nacional de Saúde (FUNASA) e 2 (dois) modelos propostos pelo Ministério do Desenvolvimento Regional (MDR)/Cooperação para a proteção do clima na gestão dos resíduos sólidos urbanos (ProteGEEr). Os resultados apontaram que o modelo de cobrança a ser estabelecido pelo município pode variar, no decorrer dos anos, de acordo com o avanço da gestão e do gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos e das informações a estes atreladas. Além disso, os municípios devem promover a redução da geração de resíduos, com o cumprimento dos instrumentos da coleta seletiva e da logística reversa, para que não haja oneração dos gastos públicos e insustentabilidade econômico-financeira.
Efetividade da coleta seletiva como estratégia de redução dos resíduos sólidos domiciliares a serem dispostos em aterros sanitários
Authors: Oliveira Mariana Moreira de , Athayde Júnior Gilson Barbosa , Bayard Rémy , Morais Júnior Joácio de Araújo
Published: May 2024

Diante da quantidade de resíduos solidos domiciliares (RSD) gerados e dos impactos associados à sua gestão, o presente trabalho objetivou mensurar a efetividade da coleta seletiva da fração seca dos resíduos sólidos domiciliares (FSRSD) na redução dos RSD a serem dispostos em aterros sanitários, bem como os benefícios desta atividade. Para isso foram analisados os seguintes parâmetros: a taxa de separação da coleta seletiva (Txcs), a eficiência da coleta seletiva (Efcs), o índice de recuperação da coleta seletiva (IRcs), o índice de recuperação potencial da coleta seletiva (IRpcs) e o índice de participação da coleta seletiva (IPcs). Também foram determinadas as principais dificuldades para a realização da coleta seletiva. Para a FSRSD, foi observado uma Txcs de 19%, uma Efcs 87%, um IRcs de 17% e um IRpcs de 21%. O principal entrave apontado pelos moradores (40%) foi a dificuldade em mudar os hábitos próprios e dos demais. Observou-se que a implantação da coleta seletiva representou uma redução de 18% (cenário real) a 21% (cenário potencial) do RSD encaminhado ao aterro sanitário. Essa situação economizaria 78% da quantidade de energia que seria consumida para a produção da mesma quantidade de material virgem, evitar-se-ia a emissão de cerca de 99% dos gases de efeito estufa e corresponderiam a um ganho de R$ 18.5 a R$ 22.8 por morador. Mesmo com benefícios observados, verificou-se que a implantação da coleta seletiva em condomínios residenciais verticais enfrenta dificuldades operacionais e de infraestrutura, necessitando a colaboração dos atores relacionados à gestão de residuos.
Simulação preliminar da geração de subprodutos em reatores biológicos tratando vinhaça
Authors: Cardoso Luís Paulo Lima , de Oliveira Netto Antonio Pedro
Published: May 2024

A digestão anaeróbia se mostra como uma solução, tanto para suprir a demanda por tratamento de efluentes, quanto para gerar energia elétrica de forma indireta, através do gás hidrogênio e metano. Assim sendo, este estudo realizou a análise cinética através do cálculo das constantes cinéticas e posterior simulação de modelos matemáticos, em dois Reatores Anaeróbios de Leito Fluidizado (RALF) em série: um acidogênico (RALF1) e o outro metanogênico (RALF2), tratando resíduo agroindustrial proveniente da cana-de-açúcar (vinhaça) para a produção de hidrogênio e metano. Para a simulação dos modelos adaptados foi utilizado o software Vensim PLE ®. Para cada reator e variável analisada (DQO, ácido butírico, ácido acético e ácido propiônico) foram considerados comportamento hidráulico de fluxo pistão e mistura completa, e ordens de reação 1 para DQO e 1 e 2 para os demais, para fins de comparação entre dados simulados e experimentais. Tais considerações foram também comparadas com os dados experimentais obtidos nas diferentes condições operacionais (TDHs de 12 e 16 para RALF1; 12, 6 e 4 para RALF2). A aderência das curvas geradas através das simulações foi analisada através do coeficiente de correlação de Pearson (r), sendo obtidos valores entre 0.90 e 1.0, correspondendo a correlação forte, principalmente, para a degradação da matéria orgânica em termos de Demanda Química de Oxigênio (DQO). Para esta condição, o maior valor da constante cinética foi obtido para a consideração de regime de mistura completa no RALF2 operando com TDH de 12 horas (KDQOM = 0.0419 ± 0.007 h-1). Em relação à simulação dos ácidos orgânicos, o modelo de escoamento de mistura perfeita de ordem 2 melhor representou o comportamento para as condições experimentais da pesquisa. Os resultados encontrados confirmam que a simulação em condições que representem satisfatoriamente o comportamento de unidade de tratamento pode compor benefícios operacionais para sistemas biológicos.
Método Processo Analítico Hierárquico como instrumento de apoio na gestão de resíduos sólidos: uma revisão
Authors: França Samara Avelino de Souza , Kim Viviane Jin Hee , Barros Raphael Tobias de Vasconcelos
Published: May 2024

Processos decisórios baseados em Modelos de Tomada de Decisão Multicritérios (MTDM) têm sido utilizados para solucionar diversos problemas, entre eles os relacionados à gestão de resíduos sólidos. Um desses modelos é o método AHP (Processo Analítico Hierárquico), que emprega critérios qualitativos e quantitativos e a participação de diferentes tomadores de decisão. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar a literatura sobre o uso do método AHP em apoio à gestão de resíduos sólidos. Para isso, a revisão sistemática de literatura considerou artigos em inglês, disponíveis no Portal Periódicos CAPES, de 2000 a 2022, sendo discutidos com profundidade 12 estudos que utilizaram exclusivamente o método AHP. Os estudos empregaram o método para decisões de destinação ou disposição final, tecnologias de tratamento/aproveitamento de resíduos sólidos ou em locais para instalação de aterro sanitário, usinas de compostagem etc., revelando como tendencia a aplicação do AHP para decidir sobre alternativas de aproveitamento energético de resíduos sólidos. Todos eles se basearam na opinião de especialistas e stakeholders, revelando o AHP como uma poderosa ferramenta de apoio à tomada de decisão. Algumas lacunas verificadas foram: que nenhum dos estudos detalhou a(s) fonte(s) e/ou base de dados da revisão da literatura; alguns não informaram o número de participantes; e apenas 5 estudos explicitaram como procederam para análise de sensibilidade. Como principais recomendações sugere-se que essas lacunas sejam preenchidas, além de discutir se os resultados atenderam às expectativas das partes envolvidas nos julgamentos.
Desenvolvimento de ferramenta de monitoramento para planos municipais de gestão integrada de resíduos sólidos
Authors: Piovezan Andressa Aparecida , Campani Darci Barnech , Tubino Rejane Maria Candiota
Published: May 2024

O objetivo da pesquisa foi elaborar uma metodologia de monitoramento para Planos Municipais de Gestão Integrada de Resíduos (PMGIRS) através de macrodiretrizes. O PMGIRS do município de Novo Hamburgo–RS, foi avaliado e de acordo com a temática, as ações dos projetos foram aglutinadas em macrodiretrizes. Foi elaborado um método de coleta de dados das ações dos projetos existentes no PMGIRS, por níveis gradativos da situação atual, adaptou-se as metas estipuladas para o ano de monitoramento e pesos para as ações foram definidos através da técnica de Escala Likert. O PMGIRS do município de Novo Hamburgo possui 4 grandes programas para o monitoramento do plano, ao total são 31 ações, diagnosticadas em níveis de 1 a 5 em relação a seu grau de atingimento de metas. As ações do Programa para Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos (PRSU) atingiram 50% de suas metas, enquanto o Programa Para Resíduos Sólidos Não Urbanos (PRSNU) 37.5%, o Programa para a Educação Ambiental (PEA) 60% e o Programa para a Melhoria de Gestão (PMG) 16.6%. Posteriormente, as ações dos programas foram subdivididas em 8 macrodiretrizes, onde 1 foi considerada satisfatória. O indicador da meta atingida da Macrodiretriz 1 (M1): tecnologias e Gestão Adequadas a Serviços de Limpeza Urbana e Manejo de Resíduos Sólidos) atingiu a pontuação de 7.80, enquanto sua meta estipulada para o ano de monitoramento era de 9.55; M2: minimização da geração de resíduos sólidos) 13.20 de 16.33; M3: valorização de resíduos 8.33 de 10.89; M4:  universalização e integralidade 15.75 de 17.00; M5: controle social 15.75 de 19.00; M6:  articulação com políticas públicas 11.00 de 13.43; M7: educação para sustentabilidade 16.85 de 15.85 e M8:  Sustentabilidade 10.26 de 28,45. Considera-se a ferramenta inovadora e que servirá de auxílio e direcionamento para órgãos, empresas e municípios que elaborarem seus planos com a metodologia de monitoramento por macrodiretrizes.
Análise da viabilidade técnica e ambiental da adição de diferentes taxas de resíduos de areia verde de fundição a composto maturado obtido de um processo automatizado
Authors: Hijazin Carlos Atalla Hidalgo , Marques Thais Gularte , Vasquez Beatriz Alicia Firpo , Tubino Rejane Maria Candiota
Published: May 2024

Este estudo apresenta os resultados da adição de diferentes taxas de resíduos de areia verde de fundição (RAVF) e substrato comercial a um composto, obtido da compostagem do resíduo sólido orgânico (RSO) segregado do resíduo sólido urbano (RSU). O RAVF, por apresentar textura arenosa, devido à sílica (SiO2), quando utilizado diretamente no solo, torna-o mais permeável causando o seu empobrecimento devido a uma maior lixiviação de nutrientes. O RSO, quando disposto diretamente no solo, gera chorume, biogás e contaminação da água. Atualmente, no Brasil, a maior parte do RSO é enviada para aterros sanitários e RAVF para aterros industriais não perigosos. No entanto, o alto custo, a escassez de áreas e a legislação cada vez mais exigente para a disposição destes resíduos, têm levado as indústrias e os municípios a buscarem alternativas para reuso do RAVF e tratamento do RSO. A metodologia deste trabalho inicia-se com a obtenção de um composto produzido de um sistema de compostagem com monitoramento automatizado de temperatura, taxa de aeração e umidade. Após a obtenção deste produto, ele foi misturado com diferentes taxas de RAVF e substrato comercial e posteriormente foi avaliada a fertilidade destes materiais. Para verificar a utilização destas misturas na agricultura foram avaliados os nutrientes do tecido vegetal da Avena Strigosa Schreb (aveia preta) cultivada nestes meios. Os resultados indicam que há o potencial para utilização destas misturas enquanto substrato vegetal na taxa de 10-20% de RAVF ou como corretivo para a acidez de solos na taxa de 10-30% de RAVF.
The Change of Consumer Behaviour due to Fear Factor during Covid-19 Pandemic: Malawian Shopping Perspective
Authors: Chandiona Dennis Franscico
Published: May 2024

Abstract: This paper delves into the contemporary theme of shifts in consumer behavior prompted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The research aims to investigate the impact of fear on consumers and examine their reactions to changes in shopping patterns. While there is existing evidence on alterations in consumer behavior during the pandemic, a comprehensive understanding based on consumer opinions and experiences is still lacking. The research methodology involved conducting a survey with a sample of 252 consumers in Blantyre City, Republic of Malawi, offering an original data source for this distinctive study. The study's findings trace individual modifications in consumer behavior during the pandemic, emphasizing shifts related to panic buying. A notable 81% of consumers reported an upsurge in the quantity of goods purchased in 2020-2022, though this form of panic buying markedly decreased in subsequent pandemic years. Results indicate that male consumers were less prone to engaging in panic buying yet expressed heightened concerns about the pandemic's adverse effects on the state's economy compared to their female counterparts. While most consumers were troubled by health threats and associated risks, the research revealed a greater fear for others than for oneself, leading to an increased inclination for solitary shopping. The implications of this study are extensive, offering practical insights for businesses needing to adapt their strategies in the post-pandemic landscape. Moreover, the findings provide a basis for future risk management measures, enabling companies to better prepare and devise flexible responses in the event of similar situations in the future.
Preserving User Privacy in an Era of Third-Party Tracking
Authors: Mehrotra Nitish
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Third-party cookies are essential for personalizing user experiences as online tracking and targeted advertising continue to advance quickly. But large-scale data collection by outside services also presents serious privacy risks that need to be looked into [1]. The present study examines various aspects of privacy degradation resulting from the widespread use of thirdparty cookies, which retain user data without explicit consent [2] We specifically draw attention to new issues with cross-site tracking, security threats from combined user profiles [3], manipulating user perception through persuasion, and conflicts of interest resulting from ambiguous data sharing contracts between platforms and advertisers.
Battlefield Vitality: Soldier Health Monitoring and Position Tracking System Using BLYNK IoT Platform
Authors: Kadam Abhishek
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Soldiers, pivotal in defending national security, often face injuries and disappearances during missions. To ensure their well-being and track their locations, the System for Tracking Soldier Position and Monitoring Health employs IoT technology and the Blynk platform. Integrating NodeMCU8266, PULSE oximeter, LM35 temperature sensor, NEO 6M GPS, and a push button, this system monitors vital health metrics and relays real-time GPS coordinates. Instant updates on soldiers' conditions and precise locations are transmitted, aiding swift interventions. The GPS module communicates coordinates and Google Maps links, facilitating seamless tracking. This system's efficiency lies in promptly relaying crucial health data, ensuring rapid responses and bolstering soldier safety.