bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perspective Chapter: Synaesthesia in Children with Autism – Observations Related to Language Evaluation and Therapy
Authors: Venkatraman Krupa , Karanth Prathibha
Published: November 2022

Synaesthesia is a nonpathological sensory perception that happens when a particular sensory stimulus elicits a sensory response in another modality. For example, hearing a word results in the perception of colors. Autism, a neurodevelopmental disorder, is characterized by differences in sensory perception (hyper/hypo). Some research has been done to understand the co-existence of synaesthesia in autism. Although autism and synaesthesia seem to be unrelated, the prevalence of synaesthesia in autism is three times higher than in the general population. This could be attributed to the excessive neuronal connections and activities in both conditions. Based on clinical observations and case studies, this chapter talks about how some of the problems that children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have with processing their senses contributes to synaesthetic ability. It also talks about how understanding and using these similarities helped the children develop their language skills.
From the editors
Authors: Tyberg Emil , Tyberg Emil
Published: November 2022

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English and the Communication of Science
Authors: Crystal David , Crystal David
Published: November 2022

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"Iraq, y cosas así": los ap´éndices conversacionales en español coloquial
Authors: Gille Johan
Published: November 2022

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Les Monuments aux Morts
Authors: Keefer Janice Kulyk
Published: November 2022

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Une règle qui n'en n'est pas une ? Sur la référence du sujet implicite dans le gérondif français et le 'gerundio' italien
Authors: Egerland Verner , Sandberg Vesta
Published: November 2022

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El cuento fantástico en México
Authors: Morales Ana Maria
Published: November 2022

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بیهقی‌پژوهی در افغانستان
Authors:   PhD student in Persian Language and Literature, Allameh Tabatabai’s University, Fayyaz AhmadFahim
Published: November 2022

تاریخ بیهقی از مهم‌ترین آثار منثوری است که تا‌کنون به زبان فارسی نگاشته‌شده است. این اثر به دلیل سرشت دوگانه‌اش، هم‌واره مورد عنایت ادیبان و تاریخ‌پژوهان بوده است. در مورد این کتاب تحقیقات ارزش‌مندی صورت گرفته که بیش‌ترین سهم را در آن نویسنده‌گان و پژوهش‌گران معاصر ایران کنونی داشته‌اند. این نوشته در پی این بوده‌ است تا به بررسی روند بیهقی‌پژوهی در افغانستان بپردازد و فهرستی از کارهایی که تا‌کنون در این زمینه انجام شده را ارائه نماید. نتایج این پژوهش، که به گونۀ توصیفی – تحلیلی کار شده است، حاکی از این است که بیهقی‌پژوهی در افغانستان متأسفانه بسیار بی‌رمق و کم‌رنگ بوده است. از ۸۰ سال قبل تاکنون در این زمینه، کتاب و یا رسالة مستقلی منتشر نشده و از بین ۱۲۲۰۰ مقاله‌یی که در طول این مدت در ۱۲۲۰ شماره در ۱۵ نشریۀ کشور به چاپ رسیده، تنها ۵۲ مقاله در مورد بیهقی و تاریخ بیهقی و ۳۰ مقالۀ نزدیک به موضوع تاریخ بیهقی نگاشته شده است، که چیزی در حد ۰.۴٪ مجموع تحقیقات در حوزۀ علوم انسانی می‌باشد. موضوع غالب در این مقالات را بررسی‌های جغرافیایی اماکن مطرح در تاریخ بیهقی تشکیل می‌دهد. از بین محققان و نویسنده‌گان افغانستانی بیش‌ترین سهم را در این تحقیقات، استاد عبدالحی حبیبی با نگارش 11 مقالۀ مرتبط و پنج مقالۀ نزدیک به موضوعِ تاریخ بیهقی دارد. از جمله‌دلایل عدم التفات به بیهقی‌پژوهی در افغانستان را می‌توان شرایط نابسامان سیاسی- اجتماعی این کشور، جنگ و ناامنی، فقر، نبود مراکز معیاری تحقیق و عدم حمایت دولت‌ها از اهل تحقیق عنوان کرد.
بررسی علل مرگ‌ومیر ناشی از سوخته‌گی در مریضان بستريِ بخش جراحی پلاستیک و سوخته‌گی
Authors:   Medical Specialists Cadre of Herat Regional Hospital, SeAdat Specialist  Dr. AbdulSami
Published: November 2022

زمینه و هدف: سوخته‌گی مشکل صحت عامه و یک عامل آسیب‌رسان جهانی در جوامع صنعتی و در حال توسعه می‌باشد، ‌که در انواع شدید، منجر به فوت می‌شود. هدف این تحقیق بررسی اپیدمیولوژیک سوخته‌گی در مرکز جراحی پلاستیک و سوخته‌گی هرات بوده‌است. روش: در این مطالعة توصیفی - مقطعی، مجموعاً 100 مریض سوخته‌گیِ 1-60 سال از اول حمل 1395 تا حوت 1396 در مرکز جراحی پلاستیک شهر هرات مورد مطالعه قرار داده شده است. یافته‌ها: یافته‌های تحقیق نشان می‌دهند که: بیش‌ترین وقوعات سوخته‌گی در میان اطفالِ کم‌تر‌از 10 سال (42.0٪)، خانم‌ها (54.0٪)، افرادی با وضع اقتصادی ضعیف (63.0٪) و ولسوالی‌ها (53.0٪) اتفاق میفتد. حدود نیمی‌ از سوخته‌گی‌ها (46.0٪) کم‌تر‌از 20.0٪) سطح بدن را درگیر کرده، طوری‌که نیمی از وقوعات درجه‌دو و نیمی دیگر درجه‌سه می‌باشد؛ بیش‌ترین وقوعات تصادفی (77.0٪) و مهم‌ترین عامل آبِ جوش (39.0٪) است. دوسوم موارد (67.0٪) بدون نیاز به جراحی تداوی شده و مهم‌ترین علت مرگ (62.0٪) عفونت زخم و سپسس است. میان وقوع مرگ‌و‌میر و متغیرهای درجة سوخته‌گی، فیصدی سوخته‌گی، عفونت زخم، خودسوزی، آسیب استنشاقی و جنسیت تفاوت معنادار آماری وجود دارد (p<0.001). نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این مطالعه تأکید بر شیوع سوخته‌گی در رده‌های سنی و جنسی خاص دارد. قربانیان سوخته‌گی را بیش‌تر اطفال و جوانان تشکیل می‌دهند. افزایش سطح آگاهی عمومی و رعایت تمهیدات جلوگیری از عفونت می‌تواند در کاهش مرگ‌و‌میر مؤثر باشد. انجام مطالعات وسیع‌تر در سطح کشور برای تعیین دقیق‌تر وقوعات و اختلاطات سوخته‌گی بسیار ضروری می‌باشد.
Las ciudades hispanas en las Cronice ab origine mundi de Gonzalo de Hinojosa (†1327)
Authors: Giadás Quintela Miguel
Published: November 2022

Este artículo pretende demostrar el nivel de autoría directa de Gonzalo de Hinojosa en sus Cronice ab origine mundi. La crítica ha considerado esta obra como una mera compilación de fuentes precedentes carente de textos propios. Sin embargo, con el texto inédito sobre las ciudades hispanas que aquí se presenta, se demostrará la mano creadora de Gonzalo de Hinojosa, su posicionamiento historiográfico y su criterio para la elección y selección de fuentes. Hinojosa se presenta como un autor que se mueve entre tradición e innovación.
Selección y estructuración de materiales en los libros LIX y LX de la Historia romana de Casio Dión: Calígula y Claudio
Authors: Rodriguez Horrillo Miguel Ángel
Published: November 2022

El análisis de los libros LIX y LX de la Historia romana de Casio Dión permite comprobar que la narración se construye en torno a una serie de categorías que definen al buen emperador. Esas categorías proceden del discurso de Mecenas en el libro LII, y favorecen la continuidad narrativa de esta sección, en detrimento de las cesuras marcadas por la división analística o el cambio de emperador.
Un apolelymenon dell’Eracle di Euripide (vv. 1016-1038)
Authors: Santé Paolo
Published: November 2022

In this brief apolelymenon, the analysis of text and colometry of L and P reveals how the ancient colometry and the multiple lessons discarded by modern conjectures that have converged into recent critical editions, including the standard edition of Euripides, Diggle’s OCT, have the potential to be original. These are πάτρα (v. 1016), ἄριστος (v. 1017), ἰᾱχήσω (v. 1027), τάδε(v. 1032), ἐκποδὼν φόνου (v. 1036) and ἀμφὶκίοσιν (v. 1038). The lesson πρὸς πατρὸς (v. 1032) is remarkable: it is present in some codices recentiores never considered because they are codices descripti. Perhaps it is also the lesson of L, before Triclinius’ intervention: the deletion of sigmato obtain πρὸπατρὸς can be contextualized in the most trivial of his interventions, the creation of aniambic trimeter. The modern scholarly editions certainly represent the ineludible end point in the long journey of Euripides’ text. But it may be that some stages of this long journey have not been well understood.

En este breve apolelymenon, el análisis del texto y la colometría de L y P revela cómo la colometría antigua y las múltiples lecciones descartadas por conjeturas modernas que han confluido en las ediciones críticas recientes, incluida la edición estándar de Eurípides, el OCT de Diggle, tienen el potencial de ser originales. Se trata de πάτρα (v. 1016), ἄριστος (v. 1017), ἰᾱχήσω (v. 1027), τάδε (v. 1032), ἐκποδὼν φόνου (v. 1036) y ἀμφὶ κίοσιν (v. 1038). La lección πρὸς πατρὸς (v. 1032) es notable: está presente en algunos codices recentiores nunca considerados por ser codices descripti. Tal vez sea también la lección de L, antes de la intervención de Triclinius: la supresión de sigma para obtener πρὸ πατρὸς puede contextualizarse en la más trivial de sus intervenciones, la creación de un trímetro yámbico. Las ediciones eruditas modernas representan ciertamente el punto final ineludible en el largo viaje del texto de Eurípides. Pero puede ser que algunas etapas de este largo viaje no hayan sido bien comprendidas.

En este breve apolelymenon se han corregido muchos lugares. Pero la colometría antigua y algunas lecciones descartadas por las conjeturas modernas (πάτρα v. 1016, ἄριστος v. 1017, ἰᾱχήσω v. 1027, ἐκποδὼν φόνου v. 1036, ἀμφὶ κίοσιν v. 1038) tienen la posibilidad de ser los originales. En el v. 1032 la lección delos recentiores πρὸς πατρὸς, así como quizás del ms. L ante de la intervención deTriclinius, nunca se ha tenido en cuenta ya que son codices descripti. Sin embargo,la posible supresión de la letra sigma de πρὸς por parte de Triclinius puedecontextualizarse en la más trivial de sus intervenciones: la creación de un trímetroyámbico. Las ediciones eruditas modernas son la culminación indispensable dellargo recorrido del texto de Eurípides. Pero puede ocurrir que algunas etapas de estelargo viaje no hayan sido comprendidas.
Glutamine synthetase mRNA releases sRNA from its 3′UTR to regulate carbon/nitrogen metabolic balance in Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Miyakoshi Masatoshi , Morita Teppei , Kobayashi Asaki , Berger Anna , Takahashi Hiroki , Gotoh Yasuhiro , Hayashi Tetsuya , Tanaka Kan
Published: November 2022

Glutamine synthetase (GS) is the key enzyme of nitrogen assimilation induced under nitrogen limiting conditions. The carbon skeleton of glutamate and glutamine, 2-oxoglutarate, is supplied from the TCA cycle, but how this metabolic flow is controlled in response to nitrogen availability remains unknown. We show that the expression of the E1o component of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, SucA, is repressed under nitrogen limitation in Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli. The repression is exerted at the post-transcriptional level by an Hfq-dependent sRNA GlnZ generated from the 3′UTR of the GS-encoding glnA mRNA. Enterobacterial GlnZ variants contain a conserved seed sequence and primarily regulate sucA through base-pairing far upstream of the translation initiation region. During growth on glutamine as the nitrogen source, the glnA 3′UTR deletion mutants expressed SucA at higher levels than the S. enterica and E. coli wild-type strains, respectively. In E. coli, the transcriptional regulator Nac also participates in the repression of sucA. Lastly, this study clarifies that the release of GlnZ from the glnA mRNA by RNase E is essential for the post-transcriptional regulation of sucA. Thus, the mRNA coordinates the two independent functions to balance the supply and demand of the fundamental metabolites.
A pan-cancer analysis of the oncogenic role of ribonucleotide reductase subunit M2 in human tumors
Authors: Li Yaqun , Fu Wenhuan , Geng Zikai , Song Yun , Yang Xionggang , He Tianye , Wu Jian , Wang Bin
Published: November 2022

Background

Recent studies have identified ribonucleotide reductase subunit M2 (RRM2) as a putative promoter of tumors. However, no systematic analysis of its carcinogenicity has been conducted.

Methods

The potential functions of RRM2 in various tumor types were investigated using data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC), the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the Human Protein Atlas (HPA), cBioPortal, GEPIA, String, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). We analyzed the difference in mRNA and protein expression, pathological stage, survival, mutation, tumor microenvironment (TME), and immune cell infiltration in relation to RRM2. Meanwhile, using TCGA and the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource 2 (TIMER 2), the associations between RRM2 expression, immune infiltration, and immune-related genes were assessed. Additionally, CCK-8, Edu and RT-PCR assays were used to validate that RRM2 acts as an oncogene in liver cancer cells and its association with HBx. A cohort of liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) patients (n=154) from Huashan Hospital was analyzed for the expression of RRM2 and the association between RRM2 and immune infiltration.

Results

Using the GTEx and TCGA databases, we discovered that 28 tumors expressed RRM2 at significantly higher levels than the corresponding normal tissues. Increased RRM2 expression may be predictive of a poor overall survival (OS) in patients with seven different cancers. GO, KEGG, and GSEA analyses revealed that the biological process of RRM2 was associated with the regulation of carcinogenic processes and immune pathways in a variety of tumor types. The expression of RRM2 was highly correlated with maker genes involved in immune activation and immunosuppression, immune checkpoints, DNA mismatch repair system (MMR), and the infiltration levels of Tregs and macrophages (TAMs), suggesting that the carcinogenic effect of RRM2 may be achieved by regulating immune related genes. Moreover, as demonstrated by CCK-8 and Edu assays, RRM2 was an oncogene in liver cancer cells. We confirmed for the first time that RRM2 was significantly upregulated by HBx, suggesting that RRM2 may be a key regulator of LIHC induced by HBV. IHC analysis validated the upregulated expression of RRM2 protein and its correlation with immune infiltration makers in a LIHC patient cohort.

Conclusion

RRM2 may be a valuable molecular biomarker for predicting prognosis and immunotherapeutic efficacy in pan-cancer, particularly in LIHC.
Assessing future shifts in habitat suitability and connectivity to old-growth forests to support the conservation of the endangered giant noctule
Authors: Iannella Mattia , Masciulli Urbana , Cerasoli Francesco , Di Musciano Michele , Biondi Maurizio
Published: November 2022

Background

Suitable climate and availability of habitats for roosting, foraging, and dispersing are critical for the long-term persistence of bat species. The giant noctule (Nyctalus lasiopterus) represents one of the lesser-known European bats, especially regarding the environmental factors which shape its distribution.

Methodology

We integrated climate-based ecological niche models with information about topography and rivers’ network to model weighted suitability for N. lasiopterus in the western Palearctic. The weighted suitability map was then used to estimate connectivity among the distinct occurrence localities of N. lasiopterus, as well as from these latter towards European old-growth forests, under current conditions and different combinations of future timeframes (2030, 2050, 2070) and shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs 3.70 and 5.85).

Results

Current weighted suitability is highest in Andalusia, northern Iberia, southwestern France, peninsular Italy, coastal Balkans and Anatolia, with dispersed suitable patches elsewhere. A north-eastward shift of weighted suitability emerges in the considered future scenarios, especially under SSP 5.85. The major current ecological corridors for N. lasiopterus are predicted within a ‘belt’ connecting northern Spain and southwestern France, as well as in the Italian Alps. However, following changes in weighted suitability, connectivity would increase in central-eastern Europe in the future. The bioclimatic niche of the western N. lasiopterus populations does not overlap with those of the central and eastern ones, and it only overlaps with climatic conditions characterizing old-growth forests in western Europe.

Conclusions

The outcomes of our analyses would help in designing specific conservation measures for the distinct groups of giant noctule populations, favoring the possibility of range expansion and movement towards forested habitats.
Determinación experimental de las características de tensión-deformación del hormigón de muy alta resistencia no confinado en compresión, incluida la comparación con hormigón de resistencias normal y alta
Authors:   National Council For Cement and Building Materials India, Ojha P N , Singh Brijesh ,   National Council For Cement and Building Materials India, Singh Pranay ,   National Council For Cement and Building Materials India, Mittal Piyush ,   National Council For Cement and Building Materials India, Singh Abhishek ,   National Council For Cement and Building Materials India
Published: November 2022

Las Normas India IS:456-2000 y Europea EC:02-2004 para el diseño de estructuras de hormigón se limitan al hormigón con resistencia a la compresión de 55 MPa y 90 MPa respectivamente. Para definir los parámetros del bloque de tensión y para el diseño de estructuras de hormigón utilizando hormigón de muy alta resistencia (100 MPa a 150MPa) es necesario contar con un comportamiento tensión-deformación bien definido y, especialmente, con los valores experimentales para la deformación en la tensión máxima y la capacidad de deformación última. El presente estudio intenta satisfacer estas necesidades mediante la evaluación experimental del comportamiento a la tensión-deformación de nueve probetas cilíndricas de hormigón no confinado sometidas a una compresión entre 100 MPa y 150 MPa, en una máquina de ensayos a la compresión servo-controlada (controlada por tensión). Los valores de deformación registrados para el esfuerzo máximo del hormigón de 100 MPa y 150 MPa fueron de alrededor de 3.000 y 3.500 micro deformaciones respectivamente. En comparación con el hormigón normal y de alta resistencia, el tramo ascendente de las curvas para el hormigón de muy alta resistencia es mucho más pronunciado y se aproxima a una trayectoria recta, además coinciden la deformación en el esfuerzo máximo y la deformación última, representando un área insignificante de endurecimiento por deformación posterior al pico. El Transformador Diferencial de Variación Lineal (LVDT) y el compresometro mostraron diferentes deformaciones para la misma probeta y carga. Esto demuestra el rol de la relación de la longitud de calibre utilizada en estos dispositivos de medición de tensión
Luminal and Extraluminal Factors in Normal and Pathological Appendix- A Cadaveric Study from Central Kerala, India
Authors: Gajapriya Palaniappan , Sivaraj Sathappan , Prasanna MB
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Appendicitis is the most common clinical entity among the acute abdominal emergencies. Variations in the position of appendix along with degree of inflammation makes the clinical presentation of the condition notoriously inconsistent. Anatomical knowledge about the organ is thereby mandatory for the clinical assessment and to make a confident diagnosis. Obstructive causes have been found to be responsible in 50-80% cases of acute appendicitis. The way in which the inflammatory process proceeds, still remains a topic of debate. Aim: To study the luminal and extraluminal factors in both normal and pathological appendices. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study on gross morphological parameters like frequency of various positions, blood supply of appendix, length of appendix and mesoappendix, gross luminal content conducted on 50 normal and 53 pathological appendices collected from the Departments of Forensic Medicine, Anatomy and Pathology in the Government Medical College, Kottayam, Kerala, India, for a period of one year from April 2013-March 2014. Data entered in the excel sheet was further analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Continuous variables were summarised as mean and Standard Deviation (SD) and the significance between their mean variables were analysed using t-test. Results: The most common age group presenting with appendicitis was 15-30 years with male incidence more than female. Appendices were supplied by single artery in 64% and by dual arteries in 36% samples. The average length of normal appendix was 7.8±2.33 cm and pathological appendix was 6.05±1.83 cm. Total 34 (77%) of normal appendices and 9 (81.81%) of pathological appendices showed shortening in length of mesoappendix from the tip of appendix. Common positions in normal and pathological appendices were retrocaecal and pelvic respectively. The most common complication presented in this study was perforation (n=7). Appendices were fixed in 16 (32%) of normal and 12 (22.6%) of pathological appendices. Fixity and complication were commonly associated with retrocaecal position. Conclusion: Appendicitis was more common among the younger age groups. The positions of appendix had no role in initiating the appendicitis. But fixity in particular position played an important role in late presentation thereby favouring complications.
Remote Sensing and GIS-aided Land and Water Resources Management Plan for a Prioritized Sub-watershed of the Kotni Watershed, Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Kumar Nilesh , Tripathi Mahendra Prasad , Khalkho Dhiraj , Raj Jeet
Published: November 2022

Land and water are the prime resources that support all forms of life through various processes. Integration of Remote Sensing and GIS is incredibly helpful in planning and management of this resources, it is superior to the limitation of typical land planning, causes it embraces the metaverse of planning and development of resources through modern technology. In the study area, these resources are in critical condition; approximately 6.5 % of land is agricultural fallow land, 3 % is barren land, and 50 % is current fallow in Rabi season caused by the majority of agricultural land being unproductive due to poor land and water resource management. This research makes prudent and effective use of the watershed resources to increase productivity and production in the study area. The runoff computation of the watershed was done using the SCS curve number approach for 11 years (2009-2019), it reveals average annual rainfall of 1329 mm, with 41% of runoff generation capacity, which is estimated as 483.95 Mm3 of generated runoff. Methodology also includes Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) techniques and weighted overlay analysis (WOA) which effectively uses various thematic maps to delineate suitable zones for water storage and harvesting structures. Finally, suitable sites for 7 check dams, 10 percolation tanks for groundwater recharging and 20 check dams, 61 farm ponds for water harvesting were identified and proposed in the study area.  The research findings will help to conserve water and soil resources and may increase the agricultural area as well as the production and productivity of the respected field.
Buckling‐Pattern‐Based Characterization of Stiff Membrane on Soft Film
Authors: Meng Yancheng , Li Baowen , Li Luxian , Zhang Jianqiang
Published: November 2022

Stiff and soft bilayer systems are commonly used in industrial and biological applications. A classical stiff/soft bilayer film is an oxygen‐plasma‐treated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film. After treatment, the PDMS film surface is oxidized, and then the stiff oxide surface layer and residual soft PDMS layer jointly constitute bilayer films, which are crucial materials in the fields of flexible electronics and buckling behavior studies. However, the oxidized surface layer is not properly recognized because of the complexity of the oxidization transition induced by the oxygen plasma. Here, its atomic composition and ratio are experimentally determined. A calculation approach to calculate its thickness and modulus based on the buckling behaviors of bilayer films is proposed. An accurate modulus of the oxide layer, 34.6 GPa, is obtained. Furthermore, this method can be used to characterize various stiff films in bilayer systems, which shows great potential for applications in many fields.
An Alloy Platform of Dual‐Fingerprints for High‐Performance Stroke Screening
Authors: Shu Weikang , Zhang Mengji , Zhang Chaoqi , Li Rongxin , Pei Congcong , Zeng Yu , Zhao Liang , Zhao Jing , Wan Jingjing
Published: November 2022

A multi‐modal serum profiling platform holds promise for precision diagnosis of diseases. Still, advanced tools are in demand to deliver the multi‐modal serum profiling. Herein, a bimodal spectrometric protocol is designed for stoke serum profiling using an alloy  platform, by integrating label‐free surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI‐MS). The PdAu@Au concave cube with a wide localized surface plasmonic resonance (LSPR) range simultaneously enhances the signals from SERS and LDI‐MS, enabling high‐throughput co‐detection of vibrational and metabolic fingerprints of 0.1 µL serum in 2 min with simple pretreatment. Further, a dual‐fingerprints screening model of stroke is constructed, by adaptive machine learning with a programming nonlinear fitting model. The area under the curve are 0.949 (0.917–0.977, 95% confidence interval (CI)) and 0.911 (0.812–0.984, 95% CI), in the discovery and validation cohorts, respectively. Finally, five metabolites are identified that correlated to SERS signals and mapped the relevant pathways. This study features high performance in terms of throughput, speed, sample volume, and accuracy, providing new insight into the construction of multiplexed characterization platforms for precision diagnostic.
Ladder‐Like Difluoroindacenodithiophene‐4,9‐dione Derivative: A New Acceptor System for High‐Mobility n‐Type Polymer Semiconductors
Authors: Tao Xin , Li Wenhao , Wu Qingbo , Wei Huan , Yan Yongkun , Zhao Lingli , Hu Yuanyuan , Zhao Yan , Chen Huajie , Liu Yunqi
Published: November 2022

Ladder‐like aromatic diketones (LADK), which possess a coplanar π‐extended geometry, a high electron deficiency as well as various attractive optoelectronic properties, are demonstrated as the promising candidates in building small‐molecule organic electron‐transporting materials, yet reports on direct integration of these structural motifs into n‐type polymers are rarely accessed. Herein, it is demonstrated that a possibility of realizing unipolar n‐type characteristics of such acceptor system by developing two novel donor–acceptor type polymers, in which the newly developed LADK unit, named as 3,8‐bis(2‐decyltetradecyl)‐5,10‐difluoro‐s‐indaceno[1,2‐b:5,6‐b′]dithiophene‐4,9‐dione (FIDTO‐R), is adopted as the acceptor segments. The resulting polymers present deep‐lying unoccupied molecular orbital levels (as low as −3.84 eV), compact π–π stacking (d‐spacing, ≈3.57 Å) coupled with uniform nanofiber‐like surface morphology. All these factors contribute to excellent unipolar n‐type characteristics with high electron mobilities of 0.27 and 1.01 cm2 V−1 s−1, together with high inverter gain values of 141 and 80, respectively. The recorded values are among the best in n‐type polymer field‐effect transistors and associated inverter circuits. These findings unambiguously reveal that the as‐prepared FIDTO‐R and its analog LADK derivatives are another type of excellent building blocks for the construction of high‐mobility n‐type polymers.
Semiconducting Polymer Nanoparticles in the Second Near‐Infrared Region for Biomedical Imaging and Therapy
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Li Wenting , Liu Ye , Fang Xiaofeng , Wu Changfeng
Published: November 2022

Semiconducting polymers are attractive optical materials in optoelectronic devices and biomedical applications because of their superior optical properties and remarkable versatility. Optical imaging in the second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II) has become increasingly popular owing to the merits of large penetration depth and high signal to noise ratio, leading to a great deal of interest in the exploration and development of optical probes in the NIR‐II region. In this review, recent advances in the development of semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs) in the NIR‐II region for biomedical imaging and therapeutics are summarized. This review focuses on the design strategies in semiconducting polymers toward enhancing their NIR‐II emission for deep tissue imaging, improving their performance in photoacoustic imaging, utilizing their large absorptivity for photothermal and photodynamic therapy, and a number of comprehensive applications for multifunctional imaging and optical therapeutics. Finally, the current challenges of semiconducting polymer probes are discussed and the perspectives on the future development in the field are shared.
Impact of AlN Seed Layer on Microstructure and Piezoelectric Properties of YxAl1−xN (x = 15%) Thin Films
Authors: Pandit Shardul , Schneider Michael , Berger Claudio , Schwarz Sabine , Schmid Ulrich
Published: November 2022

Alloying transition metals into aluminum nitride (AlN) has surged over the past decade to increase the piezoelectric performance of AlN for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) applications. So far, the highest piezoelectric coefficients have been achieved by alloying scandium into AlN. But, most recently published studies have theoretically predicted by ab‐initio calculations that yttrium can also be a promising and less expensive alternative to scandium. This paper focuses on the impact of an AlN seed layer on the growth and piezoelectric properties of sputter‐deposited, polycrystalline Y0.15Al0.85N thin films on a silicon substrate. For the first time, the increase in piezoelectric performance of YxAl1−xN (x = 15%) thin films with a d33 of ≈7.85 pC N−1 due to this seed layer approach is presented, thus reaching in good agreement theoretical predictions. Furthermore, for the first time, the crystalline stability of Y0.15Al0.85N layers in a pure oxygen environment up to 1200 °C is reported, demonstrating a high oxygen resistance up to 800 °C even in this harsh environment. Detailed thin film analysis is done with various techniques such as X‐ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, nano‐indentation, and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and correlated with piezoelectric coefficient measurements.
Following Paths of Maximum Catalytic Activity in the Composition Space of High‐Entropy Alloys
Authors: Plenge Mads K. , Pedersen Jack K. , Mints Vladislav A. , Arenz Matthias , Rossmeisl Jan
Published: November 2022

The search for better and cheaper electrocatalysts is vital in the global transition to renewable energy resources. High‐entropy alloys (HEAs) provide a near‐infinite number of different alloys with approximately continuous properties such as catalytic activity. In this work, the catalytic activity for the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction as a function of molar composition of Ag‐Ir‐Pd‐Pt‐Ru HEA is treated as a landscape wherein it is shown that the maxima are connected through ridges. By following the ridges, it is possible to navigate between the maxima using a modified nudged elastic band (NEB) model integrated in a machine learning NEB algorithm. These results provide a new understanding of the composition space being similar to an evolutionary landscape. This provides a possible new search and design strategy for new catalysts in which the composition of known catalysts can be optimized by following ridges rather than exploring the whole alloy composition space.
Highly Efficient and Durable Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer Enabled by a Fe–Ni3S2 Anode Catalyst
Authors: Ding Guoheng , Lee Husileng , Li Zhiheng , Du Jian , Wang Linqin , Chen Dexin , Sun Licheng
Published: November 2022

Anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer (AEM‐WE) is a promising approach to producing green hydrogen using renewable energy. However, most of the reported AEM‐WEs still use platinum‐group metal‐based catalysts and the performance is far beyond unsatisfactory. Particularly, developing highly active, durable, and earth‐abundant metal‐based oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts is essential to improve energy efficiency and reduce the costs of AEM‐WE. Herein, Ni2Fe8/Ni3S2/NF catalyst is fabricated in situ on nickel foam by a simple one‐pot hydrothermal reaction. The as‐prepared anode OER catalyst exhibits current densities of 500 and 1000 mA cm−2 at an overpotential (η) of 279 and 302 mV, superior to the performance of noble metal‐based catalysts (IrO2, RuO2). Coupled with Ni4Mo/MoO2/NF, the resulting single‐cell AEM‐WE displays high performance (1.65 V @ 1 A cm−2) and high durability (100 h @ 1 A cm−2), outperforming most of the reported AEM‐WEs assembled by non‐noble metal‐based catalysts. Additional characterization of the post‐test anode using different spectroscopic techniques further proved that the Ni2Fe8/Ni3S2/NF is a highly efficient and robust anode in the AEM‐WE device.
Prophylactic effect of negative‐pressure wound therapy and delayed sutures against incisional‐surgical site infection after emergency laparotomy for colorectal perforation: A multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Nakatsutsumi Keita , Endo Akira , Asano Hiroshi , Shinohara Shoichi , Kurosaki Ryo , Kawashima Shuji , Ishii Wataru , Nozawa Masashi , Tagaya Nobumi , Otomo Yasuhiro
Published: November 2022

Aim

The prophylactic effect of negative‐pressure wound therapy against incisional surgical site infection after highly contaminated laparotomies has not been sufficiently explored. This study aimed to evaluate the prophylactic effect of negative‐pressure wound therapy against incisional surgical site infection after emergency surgery for colorectal perforation.

Methods

This nationwide, multicenter, retrospective cohort study analyzed data from the 48 emergency hospitals certificated by the Japanese Society for Abdominal Emergency Medicine. Patients who underwent an emergency laparotomy for colorectal perforation between April 2015 and March 2020 were included in this study. Outcomes, including the incidence of incisional surgical site infection, were compared between patients who were treated with prophylactic negative‐pressure wound therapy and delayed sutures (i.e., negative‐pressure wound therapy group) and patients who were treated with regular wound management (i.e., control group) using 1:4 propensity score matching analysis.

Results

The negative‐pressure wound therapy group comprised 88 patients, whereas the control group consisted of 1535 patients. Of them, 82 propensity score‐matched pairs (negative‐pressure wound therapy group: 82; control group: 328) were evaluated. The negative‐pressure wound therapy group showed a lower incidence of incisional surgical site infection [18 (22.0%) in the negative‐pressure wound therapy group and 115 (35.0%) in the control group, odds ratio, 0.52; 95% confidence interval, 0.30 to 0.92; p = 0.026].

Conclusions

The prophylactic use of negative‐pressure wound therapy with delayed sutures was associated with a lower incidence of incisional surgical site infection after emergency surgery for colorectal perforation.
Validation of a predictive model for obstructive sleep apnea in people with Down syndrome
Authors: Skotko Brian G. , Garza Flores Alexandra , Elsharkawi Ibrahim , Patsiogiannis Vasiliki , McDonough Mary Ellen , Verda Damiano , Muselli Marco , Hornero Roberto , Gozal David , Macklin Eric A.
Published: November 2022

Detecting obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is important to both prevent significant comorbidities in people with Down syndrome (DS) and untangle contributions to other behavioral and mental health diagnoses. However, laboratory‐based polysomnograms are often poorly tolerated, unavailable, or not covered by health insurance for this population. In previous work, our team developed a prediction model that seemed to hold promise in identifying which people with DS might not have significant apnea and, consequently, might be able to forgo a diagnostic polysomnogram. In this study, we sought to validate these findings in a novel set of participants with DS. We recruited an additional 64 participants with DS, ages 3–35 years. Caregivers completed the same validated questionnaires, and our study team collected vital signs, physical exam findings, and medical histories that were previously shown to be predictive. Patients then had a laboratory‐based polysomnogram. The best modeling had a validated negative predictive value of 50% for an apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) > 1/hTST and 73.7% for AHI >5/hTST. The positive predictive values were 60% and 39.1%, respectively. As such, a clinically reliable screening tool for OSA in people with DS was not achieved. Patients with DS should continue to be monitored for OSA according to current healthcare guidelines.
Pd‐Catalyzed Asymmetric 5‐exo‐trig Cyclization/Cyclopropanation/Carbonylation of 1,6‐Enynes for the Construction of Chiral 3‐Azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes
Authors: Li Qiuyu , Zhang Yunchu , Liu Pengyun , Zhong Jing , Gong Baihui , Yao Hequan , Lin Aijun
Published: November 2022

We herein disclose a mild and efficient access to chiral 3‐azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes via a Pd‐catalyzed asymmetric 5‐exo‐trig cyclization/cyclopropanation/carbonylation of 1,6‐enynes. Various nucleophiles, such as alcohols, phenols, amines and water, are well compatible with the reaction system. This reaction forms three C−C bonds, two rings, two adjacent quaternary carbon stereocenters as well as one C−O/C−N bond with excellent regio‐ and enantioselectivities. The products could be further functionalized to generate a library of 3‐azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane frameworks.
Boosting Electroreduction of CO2over Cationic Covalent Organic Frameworks: Hydrogen Bonding Effects of Halogen Ions
Authors: Wu Qiu‐Jin , Si Duan‐Hui , Wu Qiao , Dong Yu‐Liang , Cao Rong , Huang Yuan‐Biao
Published: November 2022

We present the first example of charged imidazolium functionalized porphyrin‐based covalent organic framework (Co‐iBFBim‐COF‐X) for electrocatalytic CO2reduction reaction, where the free anions (e.g., F−, Cl−, Br−, and I−) of imidazolium ions nearby the active Co sites can stabilize the key intermediate *COOH and inhibit hydrogen evolution reaction. Thus, Co‐iBFBim‐COF‐X exhibits higher activity than the neutral Co‐BFBim‐COF, following the trend of F−<Cl−<Br−<I−. Particularly, the Co‐iBFBim‐COF‐I−showed nearly 100 % CO2selectivity at a low full‐cell voltage of 2.3 V, and achieved a high CO2partial current density of 52 mA cm−2with a turnover frequency of 3018 h−1at 2.4 V in the anion membrane electrode assembly, which is 3.57 times larger than that of neutral Co‐BFBim‐COF. This work provides new insight into the importance of free anions in the stabilization of intermediates and decreasing the local binding energy of H2O with active moiety to enhance CO2reduction reaction.
Self‐healing natural rubber based on dynamic disulphide exchange towards fatigue lifetime extension
Authors: Masraff Mimi Syahira , Thajudin Nuur Laila Najwa , Othman Nadras , Musa Muhamad Sharan , Shuib Raa Khimi
Published: November 2022

Dynamic disulphide exchange mechanism was introduced to promote self‐healing characteristics to natural rubber compound and the corresponding healing mechanism and mechanical properties are presented. The formation of reversible dynamic disulphide bonds within rubber molecular chains was evidenced via FTIR and the total crosslink density of dynamic disulphide crosslinks was quantitatively measured by equilibrium swelling test. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) results revealed that the healed area of the fractured surface adhered well with minor scar on the contact surface, suggesting that intermolecular diffusion occur at the fracture surface. It was also found that the tensile strength and tear strength of the broken samples able to recover 91% and 103%, respectively, under thermal healing at 150°C for 10 min. The fatigue lifespan of the materials increased 154.9% compared with the conventional rubber. The successful fabrication of self‐healing natural rubber through dynamically reversible disulphide exchange mechanism would be expected to open up new opportunities for development of sustainable rubber products.
Protected areas and native freshwater bivalves are not in the same place in south‐east Brazil
Authors: Miyahira Igor Christo , Mansur Maria Cristina Dreher , de Lacerda Luiz Eduardo Macedo , Gonçalves Isabela Cristina Brito , Sant'Anna Glauco Gil , dos Santos Sonia Barbosa
Published: November 2022

Bivalves are important components of freshwater ecosystems; however, they are also one of the most threatened animal groups, especially members of the order Unionida. The main threats to freshwater bivalves are habitat modification and invasive species. Protected areas are a common way to minimize impacts and preserve native species, but they are rarely designated with a focus on freshwater invertebrates.

The main goal of this article was to describe the distribution of freshwater bivalves in the state of Rio de Janeiro, and the relationship between these species and bioclimatic areas, land use and protected areas.

Five native and two invasive bivalve species have been reported in Rio de Janeiro. They occur mainly in bioclimatic areas related to the Paraíba do Sul River and Campista Lowlands. The few records of bivalves inside protected areas are in areas of sustainable use that offer a lower level of protection, and frequently in sympatry with invasive bivalves.

Thus, the established protected areas in Rio de Janeiro are not adequately effective for freshwater bivalve conservation, and some species remain under threat even within them. Freshwater bivalves thus remain largely unprotected in the state.

The development of new protected areas and management plans should consider other faunal groups that are usually ignored, such as freshwater bivalves, to achieve more inclusive and effective protection.
Isolation of a novel DNA aptamer against LipL32 as a potential diagnostic agent for the detection of pathogenic Leptospira
Authors: Yeoh Tzi Shien , Tang Thean‐Hock , Citartan Marimuthu
Published: November 2022

Leptospirosis is a potentially life‐threatening zoonosis caused by pathogenic Leptospira and for rapid diagnostics, direct detection is desirable. LipL32 protein is the most suitable biomarker for direct detection. DNA aptamers are sought to be generated against LipL32 by Systemic Evolution of Ligands via Exponential Enrichment (SELEX). LepDapt‐5a is the most potent aptamer candidate among all the candidates, as determined by direct Enzyme‐linked Aptasorbent Assay (ELASA). LepDapt‐5a was predicted to form a G‐quadruplex structure as predicted by QGRS Mapper and validated experimentally by direct ELASA. The diagnostic potential of the aptamer was further tested on a direct and sandwich ELASA platform. A LOD of 106 mL‐1 and 105 mL‐1 were estimated by direct and sandwich ELASA platforms, respectively, which are within the range associated with leptospiremia levels. The dot blot assay developed was able to attain a LOD of 104 CFU mL−1 against pathogenic Leptospira, which is also within the leptospiremia level. This is the first‐ever DNA aptamer and hybrid‐heterodimeric aptamer constructed against LipL32. The diagnostic potentiality of the LepDapt‐5a DNA aptamer was proven on three major diagnostic platforms, which are direct ELASA, sandwich ELASA, and aptamer‐based dot assay.
Temporal association of vitreous hemorrhage and hypertension after COVID‐19 mRNA vaccines
Authors: Matsuo Toshihiko , Noda Hiroshi
Published: November 2022

Vitreous hemorrhage as common eye presentation and hypertension as common systemic presentation are difficult to designate whether they are coincidental or causal in terms of adverse events of COVID‐19 vaccinations. Temporal association of hypertension and vitreous hemorrhage was noted in a patient repeatedly after the second and third COVID‐19 vaccinations.
A rare case of small intestinal metastasis from lung cancer
Authors: Rejab Haitham , Fendri Sami , Trigui Ayman , Abid Bassem , Youssef Majdoub , Ketata Salma , Ben Ameur Hazem , Boujelbene Salah
Published: November 2022

We report the case of a 61‐year‐old male patient who was admitted with abdominal pain, vomiting and constipation. He had a past medical history of epidermoid lung cancer .computed tomography revealed distended stomach with mural bowel thickening. It was peroperatively two small‐bowel metastasis from lung cancer that we resect.
Recent Progress on Interfaces in Nanomaterials for Nuclear Radiation Resistance
Authors: Su Zhaokui , Jiang Hui , Li Heng , Zhang Yu , Chen Jianyu , Zhao Jin , Ma Yanwen
Published: November 2022

Interfaces including grain boundaries and hetero‐phase interfaces could withstand the radiation damage via providing sites for trapping the defects. With the urgent demand for high radiation‐tolerance nanostructured materials, exploration of the structural properties, especially the role of the interfaces on the radiation response in the nanomaterials, is of significant essentialness in developing the design of new radiation‐resistant materials. Herein, the recent progress and development of two main kinds of interfaces, namely the grain boundaries in nanocrystalline and the hetero‐phase interfaces in nanolayered materials and nanocomposites, in nanostructured materials that are designed for radiation tolerance are summarized. In addition, the radiation response and resistant mechanism under irradiation conditions of the nanocrystalline materials like metals, single‐phase alloys, and ceramics, as well as the nanocomposites like nanolayered metals, nanolayered ceramics, metal‐carbon nanocomposite, and nanoparticle dispersed steels, are reviewed. Finally, challenges and perspectives are proposed to offer advice for the development of radiation resistance nanomaterials.
Spherical Ni/Ni3Se2 Heterostructure for Efficient Electrochemical Oxidation Reactions
Authors: Yang Shujiao , Chen Dandan , Cui Xiaohai , Zhang Jing , Zhang Wei , Cao Rui
Published: November 2022

A Ni/Ni3Se2 metal‐semiconductor heterojunction catalyst with a sphere structure was prepared by a hydrothermal and hydrogen reduction method. The results showed that the heterostructure Ni/Ni3Se2 exhibits better performance than Ni3Se2 and Ni counterparts for electrochemical oxidation reactions. During electrocatalytic water oxidation, the overpotential is 340 mV to reach a catalytic current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 1.0 M KOH solution. The heterogeneous interface formed between the metal Ni and Ni3Se2 in the Ni/Ni3Se2 catalyst can accelerate the electron transfer in the electrochemical oxidation process. Moreover, the as‐prepared material is also applied for sulfonamide degradation, with the aid from hydroxyl radicals generated during water oxidation. This application is meaningful since the product from water oxidation is not desired in hydrogen production from water electrolysis. The material with heterojunctions delivered degradation efficiency up to 80% of sulfonamide antibiotics within 2 h. Therefore, the Ni/Ni3Se2 material might have application prospects in electrochemical sustainability research.
Single‐Source‐Precursor Derived Transition Metal Alloys Embedded in Nitrogen‐Doped Porous Carbons as Efficient Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts
Authors: Chen Yongchao , Tian Chuanmu , Jiang Tianshu , Maheu Clément , Hofmann Jan P. , Molina‐Luna Leopoldo , Riedel Ralf , Yu Zhaoju
Published: November 2022

Carbon supported metallic nanomaterials are of great interest due to their low‐cost, high durability and promising functional performance. Herein, a highly active oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalyst comprised of defective carbon shell encapsulated metal (Fe, Co, Ni) nanoparticles and their alloys supported on in‐situ formed N‐doped graphene/carbon nanotube hybrid is synthesized from novel single‐source‐precursors (SSP). The precursors are synthesized by a facile one‐pot reaction of tannic acid with polyethylenimine and different metal ions and subsequent pyrolysis of the SSP. Benefiting from the heteroatom doping of carbon and formation of well‐encapsulated metal/alloy nanoparticles, the obtained FeNi@NC‐900 catalyst possesses lowest overpotentials of 310 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 for OER with a small Tafel slope value of 45 mV dec−1, indicating excellent catalytic performance due to the following features: (1) A synergistic electronic effect among metal alloy nanoparticles, nitrogen‐doped carbon, and entangled carbon nanotubes; (2) penetration of electrolyte is promoted towards the active sites through the porous structure of the formed mesoporous carbon clusters; (3) the unique core‐shell nanostructure of the hybrid material effectively curbs the degradation of electrocatalyst by protecting the alloy nanoparticles from harsh electrolyte. This work advances an inexpensive and facile method towards the development of transition metal‐based hybrid material for potential energy storage and conversion.