bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Framework for the Management and Radiological Protection of Groundwater Resources: The Implementation of a Portuguese Action Plan for Radon in Drinking Water and Impacts on Human Health
Authors: Martins Lisa , Pereira Alcides , Oliveira Alcino , Sanches Fernandes Luís F. , Pacheco Fernando A.L.
Published: April 2019

In general, this study was developed to assess the radon contamination in groundwater intended for human consumption, to raise awareness among policy-makers to implement a legal framework for drinking water management and the radiological protection of groundwater resources. Thus, we analyzed with parallel coordinate visualization (PCV) plots what features may influence the water–rock interaction and promote high-radon concentrations in water intended for human consumption. The results show that in granitic areas composed by biotite granites (Group V), although there is a higher radon production in the rocks, the radon transfer to groundwater was not effective, mainly due to the physical and chemical properties of the water. The main conclusions show that in all springs sampled (n = 69) for the entire study area, there are only four springs that must have an immediate intervention, and 22 of them are above the limit imposed by the Portuguese legislation. These results are intended to promote a Portuguese Action Plan for Radon that can be framed in the guidelines on the management and protection of groundwater resources.
A Model Predictive Water-Level Difference Control Method for Automatic Control of Irrigation Canals
Authors: Kong Lingzhong , Lei Xiaohui , Wang Hao , Long Yan , Lu Longbin , Yang Qian
Published: April 2019

In this paper, automatic control of the water level in an irrigation canal by automatic regulation of intermediate gates was studied. Previous scholars have proposed a water level difference control strategy that works to keep relative deviations in all pools the same for a particular situation where the operator does not have full control over the canal inflow, with the centralized linear quadratic regulator (LQR) control method used. While in practice, the deviation tolerance of pools may differ in some canals which limits the applicability of the control strategy. In this work, a weight coefficient was added to the deviation and the algorithm was improved to keep the relative deviations to certain proportions. The model predictive control (MPC) method was then used with this improved control strategy and was compared to the LQR control method using the same control strategy. The results showed that the improved strategy can keep the water level deviations in all pools to certain proportions, as is our objective. Also, under this difference control strategy, the MPC method greatly improved the control performance compared to the LQR control method.
Physico-Chemical Analysis, Classification of Ground Water, and Impact of Water Quality on the Health of People in Khushab City, Pakistan
Authors: Qadri S.M. Talha , Islam Md.Aminul , Raza Arshad , Hossain Nazia
Published: April 2019

A study was carried out to analyze the ground water samples from fifty sites within the urban settlements of Khushab city, Pakistan in order to to understand the distribution of contaminants and its impact on public health in the studied area. All the water samples were analysed using physico-chemical parameters : pH, Electric Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Hardness (TH), Ca+ , Mg+, Cl- and NO3-by using standard analytical methods. Salinity hazard was evaluated by using EC values inferred from the water samples. Water samples were classified on the basis of TDS and TH.Arc GIS software was used to plot the spatial distribution of contamination, concluded from the observed physico-chemical parameters throughout the study area. A door to door survey was also conducted to get the feedback from 100 people living in the houses, working in offices and shops to know the issues of water quality along with the level of satisfaction for the present water quality.Results showed that pH value ranging between 6.8 and 8.7, EC between 260 and 10290 S/cm, TDS between 179 and 9410 mg/l, Ca+2 between 1.2 and 11.8 mg/l, Mg+2 between 0.3 and 39.4 mg/l, TH between 6.23 and 216.86 mg/l, Cl- between 0.3 and 344.7 and NO3 between 12 and 62 mg/l. Results showed certain sites indicating poor water quality through deviation from WHO standard values of certain physico-chemical parameters. This showed that ground water at particular sites within the study area was unfit for drinking purpose and its prolonged utilization could cause serious health issues. More than 62% people reported their dissatisfaction regarding water quality and 80% agreed that water quality has drastically declined. Results were also correlated with the data collected from the Tehsil Headquarter Hospital which demonstrated that residents of Khushab city were suffering from the water borne diseases like Hepatitis, Cholera, Gastro, and Kidney stone etc. Almost 40,000 patients from Khushab city and the surrounding villages who suffered from water borne diseases visited the Tehsil Headquarter Hospital in the year 2014. It has been concluded from the study that the ground water of the study area has declined and needs proper and urgent attention from the government and water must be processed through state of the art purification treatment plants, before supplying to people for drinking and domestic purposes.
Co-doped MnFe2O4 nanoparticles: magnetic anisotropy and interparticle interactions
Authors: Aslibeiki Bagher , Kameli Parviz , Salamati Hadi , Concas Giorgio , Salvador Fernandez Maria , Talone Alessandro , Muscas Giuseppe , Peddis Davide
Published: April 2019

The effect of cobalt doping on the magnetic properties of Mn1−xCoxFe2O4 nanoparticles was investigated. All samples consist of ensembles of nanoparticles with a spherical shape and average diameter of about 10 nm, showing small structural changes due to the substitution. Besides having the same morpho-structural properties, the effect of the chemical composition, i.e., the amount of Co doping, produces marked differences on the magnetic properties, especially on the magnetic anisotropy, with evident large changes in the coercive field. Moreover, Co substitution has a profound effect on the interparticle interactions, too. A dipolar-based interaction regime is detected for all samples; in addition, the intensity of the interactions shows a possible relation with the single particle anisotropy. Finally, the sample with the strongest interaction regime shows a superspin glass state confirmed by memory effect dynamics.
Mechanochemistry of supramolecules
Authors: Bose Anima , Mal Prasenjit
Published: April 2019

The urge to use alternative energy sources has gained significant attention in the eye of chemists in recent years. Solution-based traditional syntheses are extremely useful, although they are often associated with certain disadvantages like generation of waste as by-products, use of large quantities of solvents which causes environmental hazard, etc. Contrastingly, achieving syntheses through mechanochemical methods are generally time-saving, environmentally friendly and more economical. This review is written to shed some light on supramolecular chemistry and the synthesis of various supramolecules through mechanochemistry.
Norbornadiene functionalized triaza-triangulenium and trioxa­-triangelium platforms
Authors: Löw Roland , Moje Tobias , Röhricht Fynn , Herges Rainer
Published: April 2019

Triazatriangulenium (TATA) and trioxatriangulenium (TOTA) ions are among the most efficient systems to mount functional molecules onto atomically flat surfaces such as Au(111). The TATA and TOTA units serve as platforms that absorb onto the surface and form ordered monolayers, while the functional groups are protruding upright and freestanding from the central carbon atoms. Azobenzene derivatized TATA’s are known to exhibit extremely fast cis→trans isomerizations on metal surfaces, via a peculiar non-adiabatic singlet→triplet→singlet mechanism. We now prepared norbornadienes (NBD) and quadricyclanes (QC) attached to TATA and TOTA platforms to check if these accelerated rates and the spin change mechanism also apply to [2+2]cycloreversions (QC→NBD).
Visual Analysis and Demographics of Kepler Transit Timing Variations
Authors: Kane Mackenzie , Ragozzine Darin , Flowers Xzavier , Holczer Tomer , Mazeh Tsevi , Relles Howard M.
Published: April 2019

We visually analyzed the transit timing variation (TTV) data of 5930 Kepler Objects of Interest (KOIs) homogeneously. Using data from Rowe et al. and Holczer et al., we investigated TTVs for nearly all KOIs in Kepler’s Data Release 24 catalog. Using TTV plots, periodograms, and phase-folded quadratic plus sinusoid fits, we visually rated each KOI’s TTV data in five categories. Our ratings emphasize the hundreds of planets with TTVs that are weaker than the ∼200 that have been studied in detail. Our findings are consistent with statistical methods for identifying strong TTVs, though we found some additional systems worth investigation. Between about 3–50 days and 1.3–6 Earth radii, the frequency of strong TTVs increases with period and radius. As expected, strong TTVs are very common when period ratios are near a resonance, but there is not a one-to-one correspondence. The observed planet-by-planet frequency of strong TTVs is only somewhat lower in systems with one or two known planets (7% ± 1%) than in systems with three or more known planets (11% ± 2%). We attribute TTVs to known planets in multitransiting systems but find ∼30 cases where the perturbing planet is unknown. Our conclusions are valuable as an ensemble for learning about planetary system architectures and individually as stepping stones toward more-detailed mass–radius constraints. We also discuss Data Release 25 TTVs, investigate ∼100 KOIs with transit duration and/or depth variations, and estimate that the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite will likely find only ∼10 planets with strong TTVs.
Asteroseismic Determination of the Stellar Rotation Period of the Kepler Transiting Planetary Systems and its Implications for the Spin–Orbit Architecture
Authors: Suto 須 Yasushi 藤靖 , Kamiaka 上 Shoya 赤翔也 , Benomar Othman
Published: April 2019

We measure the rotation periods of 19 stars in the Kepler transiting planetary systems, P
rot,astero from asteroseismology and P
rot,phot from the photometric variation of their light curves. Two stars exhibit two clear peaks in the Lomb–Scargle periodogram, neither of which agrees with the seismic rotation period. Other four systems do not show any clear peak, whose stellar rotation period is impossible to estimate reliably from the photometric variation; their stellar equators may be significantly inclined with respect to the planetary orbital plane. For the remaining 13 systems, P
rot,astero and

agree within 30%. Interestingly, 3 out of the 13 systems are in the spin–orbit resonant state in which

with P
orb,b being the orbital period of the innermost planet of each system. The corresponding chance probability is (0.2–4.7)% based on the photometric rotation period data for 464 Kepler transiting planetary systems. While further analysis of stars with reliable rotation periods is required to examine the statistical significance, the spin–orbit resonance between the star and planets, if confirmed, has important implications for the star–planet tidal interaction, in addition to the origin of the spin–orbit (mis-)alignment of transiting planetary systems.
Stellar Occultation by Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko Observed with Rosetta's Alice Far-ultraviolet Spectrograph
Authors: Keeney Brian A. , Stern S. Alan , Feldman Paul D. , A’Hearn Michael F. , Bertaux Jean-Loup , Feaga Lori M. , Knight Matthew M. , Medina Richard A. , Noonan John , Parker Joel Wm. , Pineau Jon P. , Schindhelm Rebecca N. , Steffl Andrew J. , Versteeg M. , Vervack Ronald J. , Weaver Harold A.
Published: April 2019

Following our previous detection of ubiquitous

and

absorption against the far-ultraviolet continuum of stars located near the nucleus of Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko, we present a serendipitously observed stellar occultation that occurred on 2015 September 13, approximately one month after the comet’s perihelion passage. The occultation appears in two consecutive 10-minute spectral images obtained by Alice, Rosetta’s ultraviolet (700–2100 Å) spectrograph, both of which show

absorption with column density >1017.5 cm−2 and significant

absorption (

/

 ≈ 5%–10%). Because the projected distance from the star to the nucleus changes between exposures, our ability to study the

column density profile near the nucleus (impact parameters <1 km) is unmatched by our previous observations. We find that the

and

column densities decrease with increasing impact parameter, in accordance with expectations, but the

column decreases ∼3 times more quickly than

. When combined with previously published results from stellar appulses, we conclude that the

and

column densities are highly correlated, and

/

decreases with the increasing

column.
Studying the Evolution of Warm Dust Encircling BD +20 307 Using SOFIA
Authors: Thompson Maggie A. , Weinberger Alycia J. , Keller Luke D. , Arnold Jessica A. , Stark Christopher C.
Published: April 2019

The small class of known stars with unusually warm, dusty debris disks is a key sample to probe in order to understand cascade models and the extreme collisions that likely lead to the final configurations of planetary systems. Because of its extreme dustiness and small radius, the disk of BD +20 307 has a short predicted collision time and is therefore an interesting target in which to look for changes in dust quantity and composition over time. To compare with previous ground and Spitzer Space Telescope data, Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) photometry and spectroscopy were obtained. The system’s 8.8–12.5 μm infrared emission increased by 10 ± 2% over nine years between the SOFIA and earlier Spitzer measurements. In addition to an overall increase in infrared excess, there is a suggestion of a greater increase in flux at shorter wavelengths (less than 10.6 μm) compared to longer wavelengths (greater than 10.6 μm). Steady-state collisional cascade models cannot explain the increase in BD +20 307's disk flux over such short timescales. A catastrophic collision between planetary-scale bodies is still the most likely origin for the system’s extreme dust; however, the cause for its recent variation requires further investigation.
About the Kerr Nature of the Stellar-mass Black Hole in GRS 1915+105
Authors: Zhang Yuexin , Abdikamalov Askar B. , Ayzenberg Dimitry , Bambi Cosimo , Dauser Thomas , García Javier A. , Nampalliwar Sourabh
Published: April 2019

We employ the accretion disk reflection model relxill_nk to test the spacetime geometry around the stellar-mass black hole in GRS 1915+105. We adopt the Johannsen metric with the deformation parameters α
13 and α
22, for which the Kerr solution is recovered when α
13 = α
22 = 0. We analyze a NuSTAR observation of 2012, obtaining vanishing and non-vanishing values of the deformation parameters depending on the astrophysical model adopted. Similar difficulties were not found in our previous tests with other sources. The results of this work can shed light on the choice of sources suitable for testing the Kerr metric using X-ray reflection spectroscopy and on the parts of our reflection models that more urgently require improvement.
He+ Ions Comoving with the Solar Wind in the Outer Heliosphere
Authors: Swaczyna P. , McComas D. J. , Zirnstein E. J.
Published: April 2019

The solar wind emitted from the solar corona is a highly ionized plasma composed of electrons, protons, He2+ ions, and a small fraction of heavier ions. Additionally, interstellar neutral (ISN) atoms ionized in the heliosphere form populations of pickup ions (PUIs). The two most abundant PUIs are of H+ and He+. Some solar wind ions are neutralized due to charge exchange with ISN atoms. Besides the neutral solar wind created by this process, a population of He+ ions is formed from solar wind He2+ ions, with kinetic properties inherited from solar wind ions. The rate of production of these He+ ions increases significantly with solar wind speed. Consequently, in the fast solar wind, over 10% of solar wind He2+ turns into He+ along the path to the termination shock. There have been very few observations of this population so far. Here we show that observations from the Solar Wind Around Pluto (SWAP) instrument on New Horizons contain a signature of this population. Namely, solar wind He+ ions cause an enhanced flux just below the cutoff energy of H+ PUIs. We identify 17 daily spectra collected by SWAP with this feature during steady solar wind conditions. We find that the fit parameters of the H+ PUI model are considerably affected when the He+ ion population is significant. Moreover, we note that some of the observations are likely also affected by other heavy solar wind ions, e.g., oxygen and carbon.
A Catalog of OB Stars from LAMOST Spectroscopic Survey
Authors: Liu Zhicun , Cui Wenyuan , Liu Chao , Huang Yang , Zhao Gang , Zhang Bo
Published: April 2019

We present 22,901 OB spectra of 16,032 stars identified from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope data release 5 data set. A larger sample of OB candidates are first selected from the distributions in the spectral line indices’ space. Then, all 22,901 OB spectra are identified by manual inspection. Based on a subsample validation, we find that the completeness of the OB spectra reaches about 89 ± 22% for the stars with spectral types earlier than B7, while around 57 ± 16% B8–B9 stars are identified. The smaller completeness for late B stars will lead to the difficulty in discriminating them from A0–A1-type stars. The subclasses of the OB samples are determined using the software package MKCLASS. With a careful validation using 646 subsamples, we find that MKCLASS can give fairly reliable subtypes and luminosity classes for most of the OB stars. The uncertainty of the spectral subtype is around 1 subtype, and the uncertainty of the luminosity class is around 1 level. However, about 40% of the OB stars fail to be assigned to any class by MKCLASS, and a few spectra are significantly misclassified by MKCLASS. This is likely because the template spectra of MKCLASS are selected from nearby stars in the solar neighborhood, while the OB stars in this work are mostly located in the outer disk and may have lower metallicities. The rotation of the OB stars may also be responsible for the misclassifications. Moreover, we find that the spectral and luminosity classes of the OB stars located in the Galactic latitude larger than 20° are substantially different with those located in the latitude smaller than 20°, which may either be due to the observational selection effect or may hint a different origin of the high Galactic latitude OB stars.
Continuation Therapies After Successful Treatment with Electroconvulsive Therapy in Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: O'Connor Brendan J. , Conway Charles R.
Published: April 2019

Although the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) predates the use of any other biologic treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) available today, it remains the most effective treatment for the illness. Unlike antidepressant medications, ECT is commonly discontinued upon resolution of the acute depressive episode. However, relapse rates after an acute course of ECT for MDD are extremely high, and some form of continuation therapy is indicated to prevent relapse. We present findings from a literature review on various forms of continuation treatment after a successful acute course of ECT for patients with MDD. These include various forms of pharmacotherapy, ECT, and the combination of the two.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2019;49(4):164–168.]
Uses of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Conditions Other than Major Depressive Episode
Authors: Surya Sandarsh , Bishnoi Ram , Rosenquist Peter B. , McCall William V.
Published: April 2019

The effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in the treatment of unipolar and bipolar major depressive episodes (MDE) is well known, and the US Food and Drug Administration has recently reclassified ECT devices to a less restrictive category for treatment of MDE and catatonia. In this review, we look at the existing evidence supporting the use of ECT in conditions other than MDE, such as bipolar mania and mixed states, schizophrenia, catatonia, Parkinson's disease, agitation in dementia, and status epilepticus.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2019;49(4):157–163.]
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis Arising from Primary Anorectal Melanoma
Authors: McBride Michelle , Calhoun Sean
Published: April 2019

Anorectal melanoma is a rare and aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. Anorectal melanoma makes up approximately 1 to 3% of all anorectal malignancies. There are no known risk factors for anorectal melanoma. Patients frequently experience a delay in diagnosis due to multiple factors including nonspecific symptoms and misdiagnosis for other benign entities. Anorectal melanoma has a high potential for distant metastases and radiographic imaging plays a key role in evaluating for metastatic disease. Common sites for metastasis include pelvic lymph nodes, lungs, liver, skin, and brain. We present a case report of a 75 year old female with a history of transanal excision of primary anorectal melanoma who presented with increasing abdominal pain and distention. Computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis showed metastatic disease to the peritoneum with findings of extensive peritoneal carcinomatosis, demonstrating the aggressive nature of anorectal melanoma.
Non-Enhanced CT Mimicking Contrast Enhanced CT - A Case Report on Polycythemia
Authors: Varwatte Pooja , Ilangovan Gurubharath , Balaganesan Harshavardhan , Baary Hussain , Jayajothi Anandapadmanabhan
Published: April 2019

Diffuse hyperdense cerebral vasculature is sometimes encountered on non-enhanced computed tomography, and polycythemia is one of the conditions which appears the same. The current case report is of a case of 37-year-old female patient arrived with a complaint of feeling severe headache for the past 3 days which was insidious in onset, diffuse in nature and it did not respond to any medication. NECT brain study showed the hyperdense circle of Willis and cerebral venous sinuses. Contrast was not administered for computed tomography study of the brain. On blood investigations, the patient had raised hematocrit level (74%). The hyperdense vessel was due to raised hematocrit (Polycythemia Vera).
Confraternities: Networks of Patrons, Artists, and Researchers. Preface
Authors: Murovec Barbara
Published: April 2019

.
Traces of the Rosary Confraternity, Albrecht Dürer, and Two Emperors in the Frescoes of the Church of St. Primus above Kamnik
Authors: Oter Gorenčič Mija
Published: April 2019

The essay addresses the complex background of the origins of the high quality frescoes in the succursal church of St. Primus and Felician above Kamnik from the beginning of the 16th century. The author demonstrates that the frescoes were commissioned by the Marian Confraternity in Kamnik. The confraternity closely modeled the design and individual iconographic details on work commissioned by the renowned Rosary Brotherhood in Cologne or in close connection to it. That link is further supported by the Slovenians’ famous pilgrimages to that city, which can be traced from the 14th century onwards. The route to the Rhineland led them through Nuremberg, the town of Albrecht Dürer, whose influence can be recognized in stylistic characteristics of the frescoes. Furthermore, the association of Dürer with confraternities of the Rosary indicates the close interconnectedness of Rosary brotherhoods across Central Europe.
The Portuguese Confraternities of Mercy and Material Culture. Commissioning Art and Architecture to Promote Institutional Identity
Authors: De Pinho Joana Balsa
Published: April 2019

The essay discusses the systematization of the relationships between architecture, art, and the material culture of the Confraternities of Mercy. It focuses on their significant role as commissioners and consumers of art in the early modern Portuguese territories. The essay is based on the results of my doctoral research on 190 Houses of Mercy—their history, space, and material culture—and offers a new interpretative approach to this architectural heritage.
The Casse Processionali of Genoese and Ligurian Brotherhoods. Patronage, Preeminence, and Preservation of Anton Maria Maragliano’s Multi-Figured Processional Sculptures
Authors: Fiore Valentina
Published: April 2019

In the territory of the Republic of Genoa, religious brotherhoods left their enduring mark on society from their 13th-century foundations until their dramatic suppression under French domination in 1811. Those in the countryside villages that continued to exist played (and still play) a crucial role not only in the preservation of pre-modern traditions, but also in the conservation of monumental works of art commissioned by Genoese and Ligurian casacce (confraternities). This essay focuses on the remarkably vibrant, polychrome wood sculptural groups that were borne aloft in their processions, then venerated as cult objects in oratories and churches. The development of casse processionali from the mid-16thcentury to their extraordinary profusion in the 18th century and the remarkable history of their preservation bear witness to the evocative and highly influential new concepts for these multi-figured groups created by their greatest exponent, Anton Maria Maragliano (1664–1739).
The Jesuit Bona Mors Confraternities in Croatia
Authors: Cvetnić Sanja
Published: April 2019

The great revival of interest in the theme of ars moriendi in the early 17th century aimed to promote Tridentine bona vita, i.e. a sacramental “good life”, to large numbers of the faithful. The rules and program of the Bona Mors Confraternity in Rome—founded in 1648—were soon spread through its branches wherever the Jesuits settled. The Croatian Jesuits were divided into two provinces: Dubrovnik was part of the Roman Province, while all the other colleges and residences were part of the Austrian Province. Eight Bona Mors Confraternities within Jesuit colleges and residences were founded in Zagreb (1653), Rijeka (1656), Varaždin (1662), Dubrovnik (1670 or before), Osijek (1703), Požega (1704), Petrovaradin (1713), and Belgrade (1726). Bona Mors spirituality became an exceptionally efficient apparatus for Jesuit pastoral endeavors and deeply marked the spiritual life and artistic heritage of the communities and regions.
The Baroque Artistic Legacy of Confraternities in the Croatian Franciscan Province of Sts. Cyril and Methodius
Authors: Repanić-Braun Mirjana
Published: April 2019

During the 17th and 18th centuries, confraternities in continental Croatia acted as commissioners of art—altar sculpture, paintings, and liturgical furnishings—but their overall contribution to the visual and cultural identity of this area has been less thoroughly researched than the confraternities’ legacy in Adriatic Croatia. Thus, the aim of this essay is to offer insight into the significant heritage of lay confraternities in the Croatian Franciscan Province of Sts. Cyril and Methodius. Essential facts about the history of the foundations and the activities of the confraternities in this Franciscan Province may be obtained by collecting data presented in a series of important publications on the friaries and churches of the Province by Friar Paškal Cvekan. Based partially on his studies of the archives in Franciscan conventual houses from Trsat and Zagreb in the territory of Croatia, to Bač and Subotica in the territory of Serbia, and complemented by my own archival and on-site research, this essay provides a topographic overview of the confraternities’ achievements in art patronage in the Province. The discussion of the patrons, artists, and workshops, as well as the stylistic identity and iconography of individual works, reveals significant new aspects of the religious and artistic heritage of Northwest Croatia.
Bratovščine v vizitacijskih protokolih in v časniku Wiener Diarium. Viri za zgodovino zgodnjenovoveških bratovščin v Avstriji
Authors: Scheutz Martin
Published: April 2019

Bratovščine so bile zelo razširjena manifestacija laikov znotraj Cerkve. Nasploh je imelo težko oprijemljivo življenje bratovščin množico različnih funkcij: delovale so kot moškim in ženskam dostopna društva, kot zavarovanje ob smrti, kot banka, kot izvajalci glasbene službe, kot meceni za opremo cerkva itd. Če pogledamo avstrijske vizitacijske protokole 16. in zgodnjega 17. stoletja, vidimo, da so reformacijski zlom bratovščine sicer preživele z izgubami, vendar je kontinuiteta iz srednjega v zgodnji novi vek jasno vidna. Viri o bratovščinah še niso zadostno raziskani, predvsem še manjkajo finančne in zgodovinske študije. Prav digitalizacija zgodnjenovoveških medijev tudi tu odpira nova raziskovalna polja. Bratovščine namreč niso bile le naročniki tiskanih del, ampak vedno znova tudi predmet poročanja tiska, kot ponazarja primer časnika Wiener Diarium.
Le piège de la créativité : examen sémantique et pragmatique du capitalisme créatif
Authors: Piraud Mischa-S.
Published: April 2019

L’ordre urbain s’est fabriqué une nouvelle grammaire. Au sens littéral, les théories de la classe créative, de l’économie créative et de la ville créative fonctionnent comme appareil à la fois descriptif et prescriptif. Ces théories ont le mérite de porter attention à l’utilité de la culture dans la production urbaine. Elles n’en véhiculent pas moins une version de la créativité confinée à une dimension économiquement productive, évacuant d’autres définitions possibles de la créativité. Cet article propose une analyse croisée des thèses de Richard Florida (analyse de contenu) et de leur réception à Genève (observation directe et participante). En examinant les politiques inspirées par ce corpus théorique, nous verrons que ce travail de réduction de la créativité à une productivité va avoir des effets de mobilisation inédits des forces productives.
Evaluating the current integrated pest management recommendations in Canada for carrot weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and carrot rust fly (Diptera: Psilidae)
Authors: Telfer Zachariah , Lemay Jason , McDonald Mary Ruth , Scott-Dupree Cynthia
Published: April 2019

The primary insect pests in Canadian carrot production are carrot rust fly (Psila rosae (Fabricius); Diptera: Psilidae) and carrot weevil (Listronotus oregonensis (LeConte); Coleoptera: Curculionidae). An integrated pest management programme for these pests exists in Québec and Ontario, where most Canadian carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus (Hoffmann) Schübler and Martens; Apiaceae) production occurs. As current carrot insect integrated pest management recommendations are decades old, laboratory and field trials were performed to evaluate the carrot insect integrated pest management recommendations. Carrot weevil populations were evaluated in the laboratory for resistance to the primary product used for control, phosmet. Ontario carrot weevils exhibited negligible mortality when exposed to phosmet compared with > 80% mortality in a susceptible strain. Using data from a carrot integrated pest management programme, weather data was correlated with monitoring and damage data of both pests from historical records. Increased carrot weevil captures were weakly related to increased damage. Carrot weevil damage was reduced by following integrated pest management recommendations in one of three trials. No strong relationship between weather and carrot rust fly captures was identified, suggesting the degree day model for carrot rust fly activity needs revision. In field trials, carrot rust fly damage was negligible despite integrated pest management recommendations for insecticide applications. Future research should include improving carrot weevil monitoring and control and increasing the carrot rust fly action threshold to optimise insecticide applications.
Intercultural missional leadership: Theological foundation and biblical narratives
Authors: Hah Seung M.
Published: April 2019

This article explores the concept and practice of the missional leadership from three perspectives: the biblical worldview, cultural mandate and narratives of biblical examples. The research explores two elements of missional leadership, which is comparable to the leadership theory as it delves into the concept of ‘missional’. This research also unearths understanding the relationship between missional leadership in intercultural environments to the biblical worldview that is based on biblical theology. Furthermore, the exploration seeks to find a relationship between the intercultural missional leadership and the cultural mandate endowed by the triune God to mankind as God’s image. In addition, the research also carefully looks into the following biblical models that exemplify intercultural missional leadership: Moses, Jesus Christ and the apostle Paul. Narratives of the Bible show that God reveals his leadership through his providence to accomplish his goal according to his pleasing will, as God is the only resource to intercultural missional leadership. This study seeks to demonstrate how missional leadership in missiology coincides with theological common concepts of the biblical worldview and the cultural mandate in the biblical theology, which will be exemplified through biblical narratives. Both have the same goal to accomplish God’s kingdom according to the timeline of the historical phases in biblical worldview: creation, fall, redemption and restoration. It investigates present-time applicable principles through three biblical narratives, providing a reasonable basis of correlation between culture and the gospel.
Aqueous reactions of organic triplet excited states with atmospheric alkenes
Authors: Kaur Richie , Hudson Brandi M. , Draper Joseph , Tantillo Dean J. , Anastasio Cort
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Triplet excited states of organic matter are formed when colored organic
matter (i.e., brown carbon) absorbs light. While these “triplets” can be
important photooxidants in atmospheric drops and particles (e.g., they
rapidly oxidize phenols), very little is known about their reactivity toward
many classes of organic compounds in the atmosphere. Here we measure the
bimolecular rate constants of the triplet excited state of benzophenone
(3BP∗), a model species, with 17 water-soluble
C3–C6 alkenes that have either been found in the
atmosphere or are reasonable surrogates for identified species. Measured rate
constants (kALK+3BP∗) vary by a factor of 30 and are in the
range of (0.24–7.5) ×109 M−1 s−1. Biogenic alkenes
found in the atmosphere – e.g., cis-3-hexen-1-ol, cis-3-hexenyl acetate, and
methyl jasmonate – react rapidly, with rate constants above 1×109 M−1 s−1. Rate constants depend on alkene characteristics
such as the location of the double bond, stereochemistry, and alkyl
substitution on the double bond. There is a reasonable correlation between
kALK+3BP∗ and the calculated one-electron oxidation potential
(OP) of the alkenes (R2=0.58); in contrast, rate constants are not
correlated with bond dissociation enthalpies, bond dissociation free
energies, or computed energy barriers for hydrogen abstraction. Using the OP
relationship, we estimate aqueous rate constants for a number of unsaturated
isoprene and limonene oxidation products with 3BP∗: values are in
the range of (0.080–1.7) ×109 M−1 s−1, with
generally faster values for limonene products. Rate constants with less
reactive triplets, which are probably more environmentally relevant, are
likely roughly 25 times slower. Using our predicted rate constants, along
with values for other reactions from the literature, we conclude that
triplets are probably minor oxidants for isoprene- and limonene-related
compounds in cloudy or foggy atmospheres, except in cases in which the triplets
are very reactive.
The ice-nucleating ability of quartz immersed in water and its atmospheric importance compared to K-feldspar
Authors: Harrison Alexander D. , Lever Katherine , Sanchez-Marroquin Alberto , Holden Mark A. , Whale Thomas F. , Tarn Mark D. , McQuaid James B. , Murray Benjamin J.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Mineral dust particles are thought to be an important type of ice-nucleating particle (INP) in the mixed-phase cloud regime around the globe. While K-feldspar has been identified as being a particularly important component of mineral dust for ice nucleation, it has been shown that quartz is also relatively ice nucleation active. Given quartz typically makes up a substantial proportion of atmospheric desert dust it could potentially be important for cloud glaciation. Here, we survey the ice-nucleating ability of 10 α-quartz samples (the most common quartz polymorph) when immersed in microlitre supercooled water droplets. Despite all samples being α-quartz, the temperature at which they induce freezing varies by around 12 °C for a constant active site density. We find that some quartz samples are very sensitive to ageing in both aqueous suspension and air, resulting in a loss of ice-nucleating activity, while other samples are insensitive to exposure to air and water over many months. The sensitivity to water and air is perhaps surprising as quartz is thought of as a chemically resistant material, but this observation suggests that the active sites responsible for nucleation are less stable than the bulk of the material. We find that the quartz group of minerals are generally less active than K-feldspars, although the most active quartz samples are of a similar activity to some K-feldspars. We also find that the quartz samples are generally more active than the plagioclase feldspar group of minerals and the albite end-member has an intermediate activity. Using both the new and literature data, active site density parameterisations have been proposed for quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase and albite. Combining these parameterisations with the typical atmospheric abundance of each mineral and comparing the results with atmospheric ice-nucleating particle concentrations, supports previous work that suggests that K-feldspar dominates, rather than quartz (or other minerals), the ice nucleation particle population in desert dust aerosol.
Application of high-dimensional fuzzy k-means cluster analysis to CALIOP/CALIPSO version 4.1 cloud–aerosol discrimination
Authors: Zeng Shan , Vaughan Mark , Liu Zhaoyan , Trepte Charles , Kar Jayanta , Omar Ali , Winker David , Lucker Patricia , Hu Yongxiang , Getzewich Brian , Avery Melody
Published: April 2019

Abstract. This study applies fuzzy k-means (FKM) cluster analyses to a
subset of the parameters reported in the CALIPSO lidar level 2 data products
in order to classify the layers detected as either clouds or aerosols. The
results obtained are used to assess the reliability of the cloud–aerosol
discrimination (CAD) scores reported in the version 4.1 release of the
CALIPSO data products. FKM is an unsupervised learning algorithm, whereas
the CALIPSO operational CAD algorithm (COCA) takes a highly supervised
approach. Despite these substantial computational and architectural
differences, our statistical analyses show that the FKM classifications
agree with the COCA classifications for more than 94 % of the cases in
the troposphere. This high degree of similarity is achieved because the
lidar-measured signatures of the majority of the clouds and the aerosols are
naturally distinct, and hence objective methods can independently and
effectively separate the two classes in most cases. Classification
differences most often occur in complex scenes (e.g., evaporating water
cloud filaments embedded in dense aerosol) or when observing diffuse
features that occur only intermittently (e.g., volcanic ash in the tropical
tropopause layer). The two methods examined in this study establish overall
classification correctness boundaries due to their differing algorithm
uncertainties. In addition to comparing the outputs from the two algorithms,
analysis of sampling, data training, performance measurements, fuzzy linear
discriminants, defuzzification, error propagation, and key parameters in
feature type discrimination with the FKM method are further discussed in
order to better understand the utility and limits of the application of
clustering algorithms to space lidar measurements. In general, we find that
both FKM and COCA classification uncertainties are only minimally affected
by noise in the CALIPSO measurements, though both algorithms can be
challenged by especially complex scenes containing mixtures of discrete
layer types. Our analysis results show that attenuated backscatter and
color ratio are the driving factors that separate water clouds from
aerosols; backscatter intensity, depolarization, and mid-layer altitude are
most useful in discriminating between aerosols and ice clouds; and the joint
distribution of backscatter intensity and depolarization ratio is critically
important for distinguishing ice clouds from water clouds.
Analysis of functional groups in atmospheric aerosols by infrared spectroscopy: systematic intercomparison of calibration methods for US measurement network samples
Authors: Reggente Matteo , Dillner Ann M. , Takahama Satoshi
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Peak fitting (PF) and partial least
squares (PLS) regression have been independently developed for estimation of
functional groups (FGs) from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of
ambient aerosol collected on Teflon filters. PF is a model that quantifies
the functional group composition of the ambient samples by fitting individual
Gaussian line shapes to the aerosol spectra. PLS is a data-driven,
statistical model calibrated to laboratory standards of relevant compounds
and then extrapolated to ambient spectra. In this work, we compare the FG
quantification using the most widely used implementations of PF and PLS,
including their model parameters, and also perform a comparison when the
underlying laboratory standards and spectral processing are harmonized. We
evaluate the quantification of organic FGs (alcohol COH, carboxylic
COOH, alkane CH, carbonyl CO) and ammonium, using external
measurements (organic carbon (OC) measured by thermal optical reflectance
(TOR) and ammonium by balance of sulfate and nitrate measured by ion
chromatography). We evaluate our predictions using 794 samples collected in
the Interagency Monitoring of PROtected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) network
(USA) in 2011 and 238 laboratory standards from Ruthenburg et al. (2014)
(available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.12.034). Each model shows
different biases. Overall, estimates of OC by FTIR show high correlation with
TOR OC. However, PLS applied to unprocessed (raw spectra) appears to
underpredict oxygenated functional groups in rural samples, while other
models appear to underestimate aliphatic CH bonds and OC in urban samples. It
is possible to adjust model parameters (absorption coefficients for PF and
number of latent variables for PLS) within limits consistent with calibration
data to reduce these biases, but this analysis reveals that further progress
in parameter selection is required. In addition, we find that the influence
of scattering and anomalous transmittance of infrared in coarse particle
samples can lead to predictions of OC by FTIR which are inconsistent with TOR
OC. We also find through several means that most of the quantified carbonyl
is likely associated with carboxylic groups rather than ketones or esters. In
evaluating state-of-the-art methods for FG abundance by FTIR, we suggest
directions for future research.
Improving permafrost physics in the coupled Canadian Land Surface Scheme (v. 3.6.2) and Canadian Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (v. 2.1) (CLASS-CTEM)
Authors: Melton Joe R. , Verseghy Diana L. , Sospedra-Alfonso Reinel , Gruber Stephan
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The Canadian Land Surface Scheme and Canadian Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (CLASS-CTEM) together form the land surface component of the Canadian Earth System model (CanESM). Here we investigate the impact of changes to CLASS-CTEM that are designed to improve the simulation of permafrost physics. Eighteen tests were performed including changing the model configuration (number and depth of ground layers, different soil permeable depth datasets, adding a surface moss layer), and investigating alternative parameterizations of soil hydrology, soil thermal conductivity and snow properties. To evaluate these changes, outputs from CLASS-CTEM were compared to 1570 active layer thickness (ALT) measurements from 97 observation sites that are part of the Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost (GTN-P), 105 106 monthly ground temperature observations from 132 GTN-P borehole sites, a blend of 5 observation-based snow water equivalent (SWE) datasets (Blended-5), remotely-sensed albedo, and seasonal discharge for major rivers draining permafrost regions. From the tests performed, the final revised model configuration has more ground layers (increased from 3 to 20) extending to greater depth (from 4.1 m to 61.4 m) and uses a new soil permeable depths dataset with a surface layer of moss added. The most beneficial change to the model parameterizations was incorporation of unfrozen water in frozen soils. These changes to CLASS-CTEM cause a small improvement in simulated SWE with little change in surface albedo but greatly improve the model performance at the GTN-P ALT and borehole sites. Compared to the GTN-P observations, the revised CLASS-CTEM ALTs have a weighted mean absolute error (wMAE) of 0.41–0.47 m (depending on configuration), improved from > 2.5 m for the original model, while the borehole sites see a consistent improvement in wMAE for most seasons and depths considered, with seasonal wMAE values for the shallow surface layers of the revised model simulation at most 1.2 °C greater than those calculated for the model driving screen-level air temperature compared to observations at the sites. Sub-grid heterogeneity estimates were derived from the standard deviation of ALT on the 1 km2 measurement grids at the GTN-P ALT sites, the spread in wMAE in grid cells with multiple GTN-P ALT sites, as well as from 35 boreholes measured within a 1200 km2 region as part of the Slave Province Surficial Materials and Permafrost Study. Given the size of the model grid cells (ca. 2.8°), sub-grid heterogeneity makes it likely difficult to appreciably reduce the wMAE of ALT or borehole temperatures much further.
Lukács lee a Novalis
Authors: Koval Martín Ignacio , Rey Callone Natalia
Published: April 2019

Este trabajo rastrea las variaciones y concomitancias en los modos en que György Lukács interpretó el romanticismo, en general, y la obra de Novalis, en particular, en sus periodos pre-marxista y marxista. La hipótesis es que, más allá de algunos cambios “superficiales”, Lukács lee siempre, en Novalis, una crítica fracasada de la realidad degradada del mundo burgués, a la que el poeta romántico, sin quererlo, le concede el estatus de destino. La intención última es contribuir a la comprensión de por qué, para Lukács, Goethe representa el polo positivo frente a Novalis.