bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Melatonin Regulates Glymphatic Function to Affect Cognitive Deficits, Behavioral Issues, and Blood–Brain Barrier Damage in Mice After Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Potential Links to Circadian Rhythms
Authors: Chen Yunzhao , Guo Hexi , Sun Xinguo , Wang Shanjun , Zhao Mingyu , Gong Junjie , He Anqi , Li Jing , Liu Yuheng , Wang Zengguang
Published: February 2025

Background

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a life‐threatening cerebrovascular disorder with no specific pharmacological treatment. ICH causes significant behavioral deficits and cognitive impairments. Recent research suggests that circadian rhythm regulation could be a promising therapeutic strategy for ICH. Melatonin has been shown to alleviate glymphatic system (GS) dysfunction by regulating circadian rhythms, thereby improving depressive‐like behaviors and postoperative sleep disorders in mice. However, its application in ICH treatment and specific mechanisms are not well understood.

Methods

ICH models were created in 8‐to‐10‐week‐old mice using collagenase injection. Circadian rhythm modulation was tested with melatonin and luzindole. Behavioral and cognitive impairments were assessed with the modified neurological severity score, corner test, and novel object recognition test. Brain water content was measured by the dry/wet weight method, and cerebral perfusion was assessed by cerebral blood flow measurements. GS function was evaluated using RITC‐dextran and Evans blue assays. Immunofluorescence and western blotting were used to analyze GS function and BBB permeability.

Results

Melatonin restored GS transport after ICH, promoting hematoma and edema absorption, reducing BBB damage, and improving cognitive and behavioral outcomes. However, luzindole partially blocked these benefits and reversed the neuroprotective effects.

Conclusion

Melatonin and luzindole treatment affect GS function, BBB permeability, and cognitive‐behavioral outcomes in mice with ICH. The underlying mechanism may involve the regulation of circadian rhythms.
A quality‐of‐life meta‐analysis comparing pre‐ and postoperative symptoms in women undergoing colorectal resection for deep infiltrating endometriosis
Authors: Maguire Barry , DeMaio Alison , O'Neill Aoife , Clancy Cillian
Published: February 2025

Aim

Deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) may involve the rectum or colon and is associated with pain, gastrointestinal dysfunction and reduced quality of life (QoL). While hormonal treatment may be effective, surgical intervention including colorectal resection can be required. Colorectal resection can result in functional changes and complications, which can also impair QoL. The aim of this study is to examine all available comparative pre‐ and postoperative data on QoL and symptom outcomes following colorectal resection for DIE.

Method

An electronic database search was conducted for studies reporting pre‐ and postoperative QoL and symptom outcomes following colorectal resection for DIE. The study was registered with PROSPERO and followed PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items in Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses) guidelines. Data were combined using random‐effects models.

Results

Fourteen studies including 1142 patients were included. Colorectal resection was associated with improved outcomes for all items in the SF‐36 QoL questionnaire as well as symptom outcomes including dysmenorrhoea, chronic pelvic pain and deep dyspareunia. Importantly, the gastrointestinal QoL index was significantly improved (mean difference 24.50, 95% CI 15.93–33.08, p < 0.0001) as was dyschezia (mean difference −4.1, 95% CI −4.77 to −3.42, p < 0.0001). There was no change in low anterior resection syndrome scores (mean difference −5.28, 95% CI −11.65 to 1.10, p = 0.1046).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates a significant postoperative improvement in patient‐reported QoL, pain symptoms and gastrointestinal function following colorectal resection for endometriosis.
Lignocellulose‐based Stryphnodendron adstringens bark as a natural dye source for textiles: Extraction and dyeing studies
Authors: Silva Patricia Muniz dos Santos , Freeman Harold S. , da Costa Silgia Aparecida , Santos Douglas da Silva , de Lima Fernando Soares , de Queiroz Rayana Santiago , Rossi Fiaschitello Ticiane , da Costa Sirlene Maria
Published: February 2025

Natural dyes are gaining interest as a more ecological approach to textile coloration, as well as for slow fashion and the bioeconomy. The use of local raw materials is a way of valuing small producers and recovering traditional knowledge. In this context, the current investigation was developed to study the use of lignocellulose‐based Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville (known as “barbatimão”) bark extract, from a native tree in Brazil, as a natural dye for textile dyeing. Physical–chemical analyses were performed on the reddish‐brown extract, the results of which showed an acidic pH and the likely presence of condensed tannins and flavanols. The optimised dyeing process was evaluated by a 23 factorial design. The fabrics dyed under optimised conditions were evaluated for colour fastness to laundering, rubbing, light and perspiration, and obtained good colour fastness ratings in most of these tests. Wastewaters from dyeings were characterised by physicochemical analyses. Because of the high turbidity and high biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand levels, as well as the amount of residual metal ions from dyeing with mordants, the need for wastewater pretreatment was evident. Based on this research, S. adstringens extracts have significant potential for textile coloration.
“Milking the lions”: An analysis of conservation performance payments in eastern and southern Africa
Authors: Hamm Joseph , Holmes George , Mabele Mathew Bukhi , Martin‐Ortega Julia
Published: February 2025

Conservation performance payments (CPPs) aim to encourage coexistence between humans and large carnivores by tying payments to species presence or abundance. While there is growing interest in the development of these programs, they remain the subject of little empirical research. Furthermore, there is no literature on CPPs for carnivores in Africa, despite the continent's global importance in carnivore conservation and the fact that multiple such schemes are currently in operation. This research establishes where and how these schemes function and identifies recurring challenges associated with their implementation. We conducted semi‐structured interviews with representatives of nine conservation performance payment programs operating across five countries in eastern and southern Africa. We find that despite their theoretical simplicity, local complexities, and pragmatism mean there is significant variation in how CPPs operate. This includes differences in monitoring methods, governance, and all aspects of payments. The inclusion of input conditionality (i.e., fines or bonuses for certain actions) in a majority of schemes also challenges the prevailing conceptualization of CPPs as entirely results‐based. Recurring challenges include securing long‐term funding, setting suitable payment levels, and ensuring equitable governance. Practitioners view performance payments as a promising approach for carnivore conservation, but their roll‐out risks moving faster than our understanding of them.
Myocardial Perfusion Scintigraphy Provides Incremental Prognostic Value in Patients on the Kidney Transplant Waiting List
Authors: Reuter Stefan , Reiermann Stefanie , Stypmann Jörg , Bautz Joachim , Schütte‐Nütgen Katharina , Pavenstädt Hermann , Malyar Viola , Reinecke Holger , Kurosinski Marc‐Andre , Görlich Dennis , Hense Hans‐Werner , Suwelack Barbara , Schäfers Michael
Published: February 2025

The approach to cardiovascular risk assessment before renal transplantation is still controversial. Therefore, we evaluated and compared the prognostic value of myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS) and dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) in patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) who are candidates for kidney transplantation (KTx). Methods: We prospectively enrolled 356 ESRD clinical transplantations for review, only patients (NCT01064674) admitted to our transplant center between August 2009 and July 2012. Cardiovascular risk assessment at the time of listing was based on the Münster Cardiovascular Risk Stratification Score (MCRSS), additionally including evaluation by DSE and MPS in all ESRD patients. Coronary angiography was conducted in patients at high risk according to the MCRSS and in those where noninvasive stress testing revealed stress‐induced ischemia or wall motion abnormalities. Results: During long‐term follow‐up until October 2020, 2.43 cardiovascular events/100 person‐years (nonfatal stroke, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular death) occurred, and the overall patient survival was 71.9%. Mild perfusion deficits identified by MPS, unlike wall motion abnormalities detected by DSE, showed incremental prognostic value for event‐free survival in patients with low MCRSS risk. Conclusion: We therefore propose a modified MCRSS‐based approach including MPS as a reasonable risk stratification approach for cardiovascular risk assessment of ESRD patients applying for KTx.
Low Proarrhythmic Risk of Imetelstat, a Novel Oligonucleotide Telomerase Inhibitor: A Translational Analysis
Authors: Lennox Ashley L. , Sun Libo , Huang Fei , Behrs Melissa Kelly , Kleiman Robert , Xue Hongqi , Bhise Neha , Wan Ying , Berry Tymara , Feller Faye , Morcos Peter N.
Published: February 2025

Evaluation of the proarrhythmic potential of imetelstat, a novel oligonucleotide telomerase inhibitor, in nonclinical and clinical studies is presented. In vitro, imetelstat sodium ≤ 750 μg/mL and negative (vehicle) and positive (cisapride) controls were evaluated for hERG channel current inhibition. In vivo, cynomolgus monkeys received a single vehicle control or imetelstat sodium (5 mg/kg [2‐h infusion], 10 mg/kg [6‐h infusion], or 15 mg/kg [6‐ or 24‐h infusion]); cardiovascular parameters were collected before and after drug administration. A ventricular repolarization substudy of the IMerge phase III study evaluated patients with lower‐risk myelodysplastic syndromes administered imetelstat 7.1 mg/kg active dose every 4 weeks; intensive electrocardiograms and pharmacokinetic samples were collected for concentration‐QTc and by‐time point analyses after a single dose. In vitro, imetelstat did not inhibit the hERG channel (IC50 > 750 μg/mL). In monkeys, imetelstat demonstrated no treatment‐related changes in cardiac parameters, including QTc using Fridericia correction (QTcF). In the IMerge QTc substudy, 45 patients received imetelstat (n = 29) or placebo (n = 16). The concentration‐QTc relationship was described by a linear mixed‐effects model; at the geometric mean maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) for imetelstat 7.1 mg/kg of 89.5 μg/mL, the predicted effect on placebo‐corrected change from baseline QTcF was 2.36 ms (90% confidence interval, −3.04 to 7.76), supporting no evidence of QTcF prolongation. By‐time point analysis demonstrated no clinically significant effect of imetelstat on QTc. Nonclinical studies demonstrated no proarrhythmic risk at > 140× (in vitro) and > 2.6× (in vivo) imetelstat 7.1 mg/kg Cmax. Clinical evaluations showed no significant effects on QTcF or other electrocardiogram parameters at 7.1 mg/kg. Collectively, this integrated risk assessment supports the low proarrhythmic potential of imetelstat.
The property of larval cells of the scleractinian coral, Acropora tenuis, deduced from in vitro cultured cells
Authors: Kawamura Kaz , Sekida Satoko , Nishitsuji Koki , Satoh Noriyuki
Published: February 2025

In previous studies, we have established approximately 15 cultured cell‐lines derived from planula larvae of Acropora tenuis. Based on their morphology and behavior, these cells were classified into three types, flattened amorphous cells (FAmCs), vacuolated adherent cells (VAdCs), and small smooth cells (SSmCs). FAmCs include fibroblast‐like cells and spherical, brilliant brown cells (BBrCs), which are transformable to each other. To examine the larval origin of the three cell types, we raised antibodies: anti‐AtMLRP2 that appears to recognize FAmC, anti‐AtAHNAK for BBrC, anti‐AtSOMP5 and anti‐AtEndoG for SSmC, and anti‐AtGal and anti‐AtFat4 for VAdC, respectively. Anti‐AtMLRP2 antibody stained in vivo stomodeum and neuroblast‐like cells embedded in larval ectoderm around the aboral pole. Anti‐AtAHNAK antibody stained neuron‐like and neuroblast‐like cells, both of which were also stained with neuron‐specific tubulin β‐3 antibody. These results suggest that in vitro BBrCs and in vivo neuroblast‐like cells share neuronal properties in common. Two antibodies for SSmCs, anti‐AtSOMP5 and anti‐AtEndoG, stained larval ectoderm cells, suggesting that SSmCs have larval ectoderm properties. Two antibodies for VAdCs, anti‐AtGal and anti‐AtFat4, stained larval endoderm cells, suggesting that VAdCs have larval endoderm properties. Therefore, the in vitro cell lines appear to retain properties of the stomodeum, neuroblast, ectoderm, or endoderm. Each of them may be used in future investigations to reveal cellular and molecular properties of cell types of coral larvae, such as the potential for symbiosis.
Clinical Outcomes of Intracardiac Echocardiography‐Guided Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Long Weiying , He Qingsong , Chen Shi , Luo Xue , Yang Wucheng , Zheng Jia , Fu Hua
Published: February 2025

Background

Routine radiofrequency catheter ablation relies on x‐ray imaging, which may increase the risk of radiation exposure to patients. With the rapid development of intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) technology, it provides a new guidance modality for radiofrequency catheter ablation and shows great potential for application in the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF).

Objective

To assess the efficacy and safety of intracardiac echocardiography guided radiofrequency catheter ablation for the treatment of AF.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was used to collect 184 patients who underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation for the treatment of AF from January 2020 to September 2021 in the cardiovascular medicine department of our hospital. According to whether they used ICE or not, they were divided into the ICE group (30 cases) and the non‐ICE group (154 cases). The procedure of the intervention, complications during the intervention and follow‐up periods, use of early anticoagulation and antiarrhythmic medications, and the success rate of AF ablation 1 year after the intervention were compared between the two groups.

Results

In comparison to the non‐ICE group, the septal puncture time (6.27 ± 1.91 min vs. 7.21 ± 2.08 min, p = 0.022), left atrial modeling time (4.93 ± 1.84 min vs. 5.75 ± 1.96 min, p = 0.035), and total ablation time (67.73 ± 2.64 min vs. 73.35 ± 1.96 min, p < 0.001) in the ICE group were significantly reduced. Radiation exposure time (5.09 ± 0.23 min vs. 13.17 ± 0.28 min, p < 0.001) and radiation exposure (33.13 ± 1.99 mGy/cm2 vs. 217.6 ± 15.17 mGy/cm2, p < 0.001) also were significantly less in the ICE group than in the non‐ICE group. The incidence of postintervention nausea and vomiting (3.33% vs. 19.48%, p = 0.032), and hypotension (3.33% vs. 18.83%, p = 0.033) was significantly lower in the ICE group than in the non‐ICE group. Furthermore, the proportion using amiodarone in the first 3 months during follow‐up was significantly lower for the ICE group than for the non‐ICE group (40.00% vs. 63.64%, p = 0.024), and the rate of late recurrence remained unchanged in the ICE group, while there was a trend toward an increase in the rate of late recurrence in the non‐ICE group. One year after the operation, the success rates of AF ablation in the ICE group and non‐ICE group were 80.00% and 77.92%, and the difference between the groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.825).

Conclusion

ICE‐guided radiofrequency catheter ablation is safe and effective in the treatment of AF, and it has potential advantages in terms of ablation time, radiation exposure, complication occurrence, and patient prognosis.
From Awareness to Action: A Study of Capacity‐Building Engagement Techniques for Fostering Climate‐Adaptive Behaviours in Citizens
Authors: Baldelli Madeline , Mattera Marina , Renou‐Wilson Florence
Published: February 2025

Rising threats from climate change have demanded the creation of effective adaptation strategies and frameworks to help prepare communities against adverse environmental impacts. While successful climate adaptation requires support and cooperation between governments and the public, many governments lack the capacity or support necessary to gain public trust and effectively enforce adaptation strategies. Capacity‐building strategies can aid governments and the public in this regard. Through a thematic literature review and Delphi study, this research reports on the most effective capacity‐building methods for citizen engagement to create behavioural change towards climate adaptation. Results show that effective citizen engagement can lead to increased climate adaptation support as well as behavioural change in citizens and that multiple capacity‐building methods (i.e., education/training, youth empowerment, etc.) are needed for effective citizen engagement in climate adaptation. Hence, governments should focus on bottom‐up communication and facilitation techniques when engaging with citizens and communities on climate adaptation.
Effect of Trace Sc Addition on Aging Precipitation and Fatigue Crack Propagation Behavior of 7085 Alloy
Authors: Ren Qianqian , Deng Xianjing , Ru Zhiqiang , Liu Ming , Pi Zhimin , Wei Lili , Huang Hongfeng , Li Degui
Published: February 2025

In this work, the effects of Sc‐alloying and aging treatments, including T6 peak‐aging and retrogression with reaging (RRA) on the fatigue crack propagation (FCP) behavior of 7085 alloy, were investigated. The results show that the RRA‐treated alloy exhibits high volume fraction of larger sharable η′ phases, wider precipitate free zone (PFZ), and high Schmid factor. These microstructures contribute to frequent transgranular propagation, increasement of ΔKth, and higher FCP resistance than T6‐treated alloy. Sc alloying can significantly refine grain structure, inhibit recrystallization, and accelerate the nucleation of η′ strengthening phase, thus improving the mechanical properties of 7085 alloy. However, Sc alloying also tends to induce the occurrence of intergranular propagation due to presence of microscale AlZnMgCuSc phase and fine grain structure with high grain boundary volume fraction. Therefore, Sc alloying plays a negative role in improving the FCP resistance of 7085 alloy.
Characterization of TiN−HA nanocomposite developed through rapid microwave sintering route at high temperature
Authors: Kumar Chintam Suresh , Gupta Shivani , Sharma Apurbba Kumar
Published: February 2025

Titanium is one of the most suitable metals used in medical implants. Titanium alloys and titanium‐based ceramics are widely used in orthodontics and orthopedic applications. In addition, titanium‐based composites are preferred biomaterials for orthopedic applications and bioactive coatings. This work focuses on using relatively stable TiN material for the fabrication of TiN−HA composite through a rapid sintering technique at a process temperature of ∼1400–1450°C in a modified domestic microwave applicator at 800 W power. Microwave sintered nanocomposites were characterized in terms of density, measurement of microhardness, analysis of microstructures, and indentation fracture toughness. Sintered nanocomposites (with 15 wt% and 25 wt% HA) achieved ∼95% densification with comparable microhardness with respect to bulk TiN. However, the fracture toughness of the nanocomposites was compromised with the addition of the brittle HA phase when compared with pure TiN. The XRD results revealed an interaction between the constituent phases resulting in the formation of calcium titanate (CaTiO3) and α‐tri calcium phosphate (α‐Ca3(PO4)2) due to high processing temperature. Furthermore, microstructures clearly show good bonding between particles. The developed nanocomposites exhibited reasonable properties with biocompatible phases; consequently, the nanocomposites can be candidates for coating other metals and inert biomaterials.
High‐transparency AlON ceramics fabricated by pressureless sintering method
Authors: Zhao Yanan , Meng Xiangzhao , Li Yuanlin , Han Lin , Lei Xiaoping , Yang Xiao , An Ziyu , Kong Zhenzhu , Peng Bin , Liu Ming
Published: February 2025

Alumina nitride (AlON) ceramics have the advantages of wide transmission ranges, high‐strength, and high‐hardness, and these characteristics make it have potential applications in the fields of national defense and aerospace. However, the prolonged high‐temperature (≥1900°C) sintering process severely reduces of its mechanical and optical properties far below the theoretical value in practice. In this work, we successfully fabricated AlON transparent ceramics exhibiting superior mechanical (bending strength of 293 MPa and hardness of 18 GPa) and optical properties (76.2% at 2100 nm), and the sintering temperature is approximately 50°C lower than that of conventional methods. Here, the first obtained high‐activity and high‐purity AlON powders through solid‐state reaction method with secondary ball milling process, could effectively reduce both the sintering temperatures and durations. Subsequently, by optimizing the doping content of Y2O3, AlON ceramics were sintered at 1850°C, in which represent the minimal porosity at the grain boundaries and fine grains of uniform size, still keeping the superior mechanical and optical properties. The methods developed in this work are not only suitable for the large‐scale production of high‐activity and high‐purity AlON powders but also for the preparation of large‐scale AlON ceramics by using the casting process in future.
Preparation of CaSiO3 porous scaffold via DLP 3D printing and its surface modification through in situ growth of HAp
Authors: Liu Yang , Sun Ruixue , Han Jianmin
Published: February 2025

Calcium silicate (CaSiO3, CS) bioceramic has received widespread attention in the field of bone repair due to its excellent bone conductivity, osteoinductivtiy, and degradability. In this study, the porous CS scaffold was firstly prepared by digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing. The effects of solid loading, pore size, and sintering temperature on the compressive strength, porosity and shrinkage of the CS scaffold were thoroughly investigated. When the solid loading is 35 vol.%, the pore size is 500 µm, and the sintering temperature is 1200°C, the prepared CS scaffold has high porosity (48.96 %) and high compressive strength (32.13 MPa). To solve the problems caused by the rapid degradation of CS, surface modification of the prepared CS scaffold was further conducted through in situ growth of hydroxyapatite (HAp) on its surface. A large amount of HAp nanorods homogeneously grow on the surface of the CS porous scaffold when the concentration of KH2PO4 in hydrothermal solution is 0.01 mol/L. Moreover, the phase composition and morphology of HAp grown on the surface of the CS scaffold can be controlled through controlling the concentration of KH2PO4.
Sticky Objects and Places: Entangled Emotions in an English‐Medium University Educationscape
Authors: Hopkyns Sarah
Published: February 2025

This paper explores entangled emotions in an Abu Dhabi English‐medium university educationscape in relation to sticky objects and sticky places, which are objects/places saturated in affect through familiarity and repetition. Moving away from a lingua‐centric approach to linguistic landscape research, this ethnographic study explores Emirati students’ emotions not only in relation to language as discourses but also in relation to semiotics, objects, and geopolitical meanings. Students’ interpretations of their semiotic and linguistic landscapes (LL) as “intertextual products” connected to emotions, identities, and levels of belonging were gained via virtual bulletin board posts and essays. Data were analyzed through thematic analysis and nexus analysis. Key findings revealed emotions of belonging in familiar and sentimental cultural and linguistic spaces and around sticky objects, comfort in “hidden places” as an escape from emotions of stress and pressure in the English‐medium instruction university, and the importance of critical awareness in the educationscape. Based on the findings, the article provides practical suggestions for ways to enhance linguistic and cultural belonging in English‐medium educationscapes and recognize emotional entanglements within multilingual university ecosystems.
Thromboelastometry (ROTEM) Assessing Hypercoagulability in Patients Referred for Thrombophilia Screening
Authors: Assar Mazen , Nilius Henning , Kearn Natalie , Hopman Wilma , Nagler Michael , Othman Maha
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Thrombophilia, a blood coagulation disorder, poses risks of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Coagulation assays may not be sufficient to assess VTE risk and global assays such as Rotational Thromboelastometry (ROTEM) may add valuable information. We investigated ROTEM's capacity to detect hypercoagulability in patients undergoing thrombophilia screening, its potential impact on patient outcomes, and limitations.

Methods

Comprehensive clinical, laboratory, genetic tests, and ROTEM (EXTEM and INTEM) were conducted for 356 patients referred for thrombophilia screening at an academic hospital outpatient unit. Hypercoagulability was identified as a shorter clot formation time (CFT), larger alpha angle (AA), and greater maximum clot firmness (MCF), and was compared in patients with and without VTE. Statistically this was analyzed using Mann–Whitney U and Chi‐square tests with p < 0.05 considered significant.

Results

Among 356 patients, 64.6% had previous VTE, with 76.9% experiencing one event, 14.3% recurrent (35.6% unprovoked, 64.4% provoked). 22.5% of patients were on anticoagulation. Those with VTE history exhibited significant alterations in EXTEM and INTEM parameters compared to those without (p < 0.001), showing decreased CFT and increased AA and MCF. However, receiver operating characteristic curves for these variables indicated that none were able to discriminate between those individuals with and without thromboembolic complications.

Conclusion

ROTEM does not appear to be a strong discriminatory test. However, it can detect hypercoagulopathy in patients referred for thrombophilia screening. Abnormal ROTEM may indicate a higher risk for recurrence. However, this can only be determined in prospective cohort studies.
Recruitment Practices in Times of Demographic Change: The Case of Japan
Authors: Hennings Matthias , Pilz Matthias , Bebenroth Ralf
Published: February 2025

Due to a shrinking number of employable graduates, companies in industrialised nations have increasingly faced problems in hiring qualified young people. This situation is particularly pronounced in Japan, where companies are competing for the best talents. Based on a multi‐stakeholder perspective, this study examines changes in the Japanese recruitment system from the viewpoint of companies, university career centres and external organisations involved in recruitment. Using in‐depth interviews with these stakeholders, this study investigates how recruitment practices in Japan have changed, which guidelines for recruitment are currently followed by companies, and to what extent traditional recruitment practices still prevail. As the results show, recruiting activities in Japan have accelerated over the last years with companies trying to recruit university students early in their studies to secure qualified talents. This article also discusses the implications of these findings for Japan and other industrialised countries with similar demographic problems.
Contract strategy in a nonexclusive system under the competition
Authors: Li Xiaojing , Gu Feng , Ai Xingzheng
Published: February 2025

This paper studies the contract strategy of the nonexclusive supply chain, where two manufacturers supply competing products to two retailers nonexclusively. The retailers can choose a revenue‐sharing contract or a wholesale price contract to trade with the manufacturers. We compare and analyze the different contract arrangements and provide insights into the impact of the nonexclusive selling format, the product competition, and the retailer competition on the contract decision. Our results show that in the presence of nonexclusive selling, competition between retailers is an important factor in the contract choice. Existing literature has shown that the wholesale price contract enables participants to achieve Pareto improvement when the market competition is fierce. In contrast, we find that the intense retailer competition has resulted in neither the revenue‐sharing nor wholesale price contracts dominating. In this case, the negotiations between the manufacturer and the retailer on the revenue‐sharing ratio could not be successful, so they are forced to deal with a wholesale price contract. The wholesale price contracts could achieve a win‐win situation only when the retailer competition is weak and the product competition is fierce. Furthermore, in the case of exclusive selling, the revenue‐sharing contract can only be an equilibrium strategy for manufacturers and retailers, regardless of the fierce or weak competition of retailers.
Structural stability of the robust GdYTi2O7 pyrochlore under high pressure
Authors: Singh Yogendar , Kumar Vivek , Vazhappilly Tijo , Poswal Himanshu Kumar , Pandey K. K. , Kulriya Pawan Kumar
Published: February 2025

Complex ceramics with pyrochlore (A2B2O7) and defect‐fluorite ((A, B)4O7) type structures experience structural modifications under high pressure. Here, we used mechanical milling and sintering followed by compression in diamond anvil cell to determine the high‐pressure behavior using in‐situ synchrotron diffraction. Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction at ambient pressure confirm the pyrochlore phase of as‐prepared GdYTi2O7 ceramic. In‐situ high‐pressure experiments reveal no structural phase transition in GdYTi2O7 pyrochlore up to approximately 50 GPa. The variation in the x positional coordinate of O48f oxygen and cation–anion bond lengths shows that disordering occurs at high pressure above ∼43 GPa. The Rietveld refinement results indicate the pyrochlore phase of GdYTi2O7 ceramic at the highest pressure of ∼50 GPa. Compared to Y2Ti2O7, the equal substitution of Y3+ and Gd3+ at the A‐site increases phase stability at high pressures. The experimental results indicate that mainly cation disordering occurs with increasing pressure, and lower compressibility of < Ti–O48f > bonds should play a significant role in the robustness of GdYTi2O7 pyrochlore to sustain pyrochlore structure up to very high pressures. DFT‐derived cation–anion bond lengths and bulk modulus value agree with the experimental results in supporting the robustness of the GdYTi2O7 pyrochlore.
Morphological and Molecular Phylogenetic Characterization of Three New Marine Goniomonad Species
Authors: Phanprasert Yasinee , Kim Sun Young , Kang Nam Seon , Jeong Minseok , Kim Jong Im , Shin Woongghi , Lee Won Je , Kim Eunsoo
Published: February 2025

Goniomonads are commonly found heterotrophic biflagellates in both marine and freshwater environments. Despite the high genetic diversity inferred from 18S rDNA data, many goniomonad species remain undescribed. In this study, we established a total of 21 marine goniomonad culture strains, and from these, describe three new species by using 18S rDNA phylogeny, light microscopy, and electron microscopy. Molecular sequence analyses suggest the presence of several distinct sub‐lineages within the marine goniomonad clade. Two of these are Goniomonas ulleungensis sp. nov. and G. lingua sp. nov., which are similar in size, flagellar length, appendage, and orientation and have a tongue‐like protrusion at the anterior. The two species can be differentiated by the periplast plate pattern with G. ulleungensis displaying one additional plate on the right side. G. duplex sp. nov. differed from these two species by having two unequal flagella with the longer one trailing posteriorly and having the opposite cell orientation when skidding. Comparative analyses of five marine goniomonad species showed that genetically distinct goniomonad groups can be delineated by morphological data as well, and of several morphological features that are of taxonomic utility, the periplast plate pattern, observable by SEM, is particularly informative in goniomonad taxonomy.
Study on the Correlation Between Water Content of Peanut Kernel, Water Phase State and Electrical Impedance Spectrum Parameters
Authors: Dong Zhanwei , Feng Longlong , Liu Zhixia , Zhao Jun , Wang Jing , Zhang Meiyue
Published: February 2025

In an effort to develop a novel approach for detecting the moisture content of peanut kernels and enhancing detection efficiency, this study employed electrical impedance technology, and low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance technology to investigate the relationship between water phase state, impedance values (real and imaginary components), phase angle, and moisture content of peanut kernels ranging from 10.4% to 41.0%. The findings revealed that water in the peanut kernel mainly gathered in the middle part of the two cotyledons. As the moisture content escalates from 10.4% to 41.0%, the ratio of free water to bound water decreased from 6.3:1 to 1.9:1. The highest correlation coefficient was observed between the real part of impedance and moisture content, whereas the phase angle exhibited the lowest correlation coefficient. The real part of impedance emerged as the most effective impedance spectrum parameter for modeling the moisture content of peanut kernels. Furthermore, the relationship between electrical impedance spectrum parameters, and water content was found to be frequency‐dependent, with the highest correlation between the real part of impedance and water content observed in the frequency range of 1–4 MHz, yielding an R2 value of 0.986. These research outcomes offer valuable insights for advancing the development of rapid and nondestructive moisture content detection technologies for peanut kernels utilizing resistance methods.
Somatic variations in the meiosis‐specific gene CrMER3 confer seedlessness in a citrus bud sport
Authors: Fan Yan‐Jie , Du Ze‐Zhen , He Xing‐Yi , Liu Zi‐Ang , Zhuang Ji‐Xin , Xiao Gong‐Ao , Duan Yao‐Yuan , Tan Feng‐Quan , Xie Kai‐Dong , Jiao Wen‐Biao , Zhang Fei , Yang Chao , Guo Wen‐Wu , Wu Xiao‐Meng
Published: February 2025

Seedlessness is a most valuable trait in fruit crops for fresh consumption and processing. The mutations in essential meiosis genes are known to confer sterility and seed abortion in plants. However, defects in meiosis have rarely been reported in fruit crops. Here, we found meiosis defects caused sterility in a seedless citrus bud sport cultivar, with massive unpaired univalents during diakinesis, indicating a disruption in crossover formation. A non‐functional CrMER3A‐103 bp allele with a 103‐bp deletion in the gene body, together with the other non‐functional CrMER3a allele with a T deletion in exon, were identified in the seedless cultivar. The CrMER3 protein was undetectable at meiotic prophase I in the seedless cultivar, and knock out of CrMER3 resulted in sterility in precocious Mini‐citrus. Therefore, the natural variation in CrMER3 is responsible for sterility and seedlessness in this bud sport cultivar. The CrMER3a allele originated from the primitive wild mandarin and was passed to cultivated mandarins. A Kompetitive Allele‐Specific PCR (KASP) marker was developed to identify citrus germplasm with CrMER3a allele and to screen potential sterile and seedless hybrids in citrus cross breeding. Uncovering the natural mutations responsible for meiosis defects in citrus enhances our understanding of mechanisms controlling seedlessness in fruit crops and facilitates breeding of seedless varieties.
Comparing the impact of three‐dimensional display systems and barbed V‐LOC™ sutures in laparoscopic hysterectomy: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Tercan Can , Dagdeviren Emrah , Yeniocak Ali Selcuk , Can Sultan , Aktoz Fatih
Published: February 2025

Aim

This study aims to evaluate the impact of two‐dimensional (2D) versus three‐dimensional (3D) imaging systems and barbed versus standard absorbable multifilament sutures on surgical times and complications in total laparoscopic hysterectomy.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary hospital between May 2020 and September 2024. Patients who underwent total laparoscopic hysterectomy were categorized into four groups based on imaging system (UltraHD‐2D vs. FullHD‐3D) and suture type (VICRYL™ multifilament suture interrupted figure‐of‐8 technique vs. V‐LOC™ barbed suture running technique). Primary outcomes included vaginal cuff closure time and total operation duration. Secondary outcomes were mean suturing time, perceived difficulty, and postoperative complications.

Results

A total of 159 patients were analyzed. Vaginal cuff closure time was significantly shorter with 3D imaging systems compared to 2D systems when VICRYL™ sutures were used (13.85 ± 4.30 vs. 21.17 ± 5.13 min, p < 0.001). No significant difference was observed between imaging systems when V‐LOC™ barbed sutures were used. Across both systems, V‐LOC™ sutures consistently reduced suturing time compared to VICRYL™ sutures (p < 0.001). Surgeon‐perceived difficulty was lower with V‐LOC™ sutures, particularly in 2D systems. No significant difference in complication rates was observed between groups (p = 0.188).

Conclusion

The use of 3D imaging systems in total laparoscopic hysterectomy significantly reduces vaginal cuff closure duration and overall operative time with VICRYL™ sutures, while V‐LOC™ sutures consistently enable faster procedures across both imaging modalities. These findings suggest that 3D imaging systems and barbed sutures may enhance surgical efficiency without increasing complication rates.
Actigraphy against 32‐hour polysomnography in patients with suspected idiopathic hypersomnia
Authors: Adam Tugdual , Tanty Jérôme , Barateau Lucie , Dauvilliers Yves
Published: February 2025

Actigraphy, a tool known for investigating sleep–wake patterns at home, lacks scientific validation in hypersomnolent subjects. We aim to validate an actigraphy‐based sleep–wake prediction algorithm against 32‐h continuous polysomnography in patients with suspected idiopathic hypersomnia, and to compare its performance to predict sleep–wake parameters assessed by polysomnography with those of a commercially available algorithm. Two hundred and six hypersomnolent subjects were included prospectively in a Reference Centre for Hypersomnias, and underwent a 32‐h bedrest protocol, wearing wrist‐actigraphy, to diagnose idiopathic hypersomnia. Among them, 126 patients (91 females, 30.6 ± 15.5 years, 101 idiopathic hypersomnia, 25 non‐specified hypersomnia) with synchronised actigraphy and polysomnography were analysed. Age, sex, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores were collected. We trained various supervised algorithms and selected a recurrent neural network (S2S sequence‐to‐sequence long short‐term memory network) for comparison with Actiwatch Software (AS) on sleep–wake variables and prediction errors during daytime and nighttime. S2S outperformed AS across all relevant metrics, and Bland–Altman analysis showed disagreement between the two algorithms. S2S had a lower absolute error than AS. AS mainly overestimated sleep, an overestimation that was substantially reduced with S2S, overall as well as during day and night. Performance was not correlated with age, sex, or subjective sleepiness, but objective sleepiness and longer sleep time on the bedrest were associated with sleep underestimation. Our S2S algorithm using deep learning performed better to predict sleep–wake parameters than AS and other commonly used algorithms. The next objective is to leverage this algorithm to study sleep–wake patterns in patients with hypersomnolence at home.
The crime of counterfeiting or imitating a trademark under Jordanian trademarks law
Authors: Juwaihan Ma'en , Abu Issa Hamzeh , Khater Mohammad Nasr
Published: February 2025

This paper critically analyzes the crime of counterfeiting or imitating trademarks under Article 37/1/a of the Jordanian Trademarks Law No. 33 of 1952 and its amendments. Recognizing a significant gap in the alignment of Jordanian trademark laws with international standards, the study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of current legislation in protecting trademark owners' rights and consumer interests. The importance of this research lies in the escalating instances of trademark infringement, which undermine consumer trust, hinder economic growth, and affect Jordan's compliance with international treaties. Employing descriptive, analytical, and comparative methodologies, the paper examines the material, moral, and subjective elements of the crime, explores jurisprudential and judicial debates on criminal intent, and compares Jordanian legal provisions with those of other jurisdictions. The study shows that, while Jordanian law prohibits the counterfeit of marks, it does not specifically protect well‐known marks, and it is inconsistent in the presumption of intention to commit a crime. Moreover, the sentence for attempted trademark infringement does not align with the general principles of Jordanian criminal law. The study recommends that the Jordanian system should consider legislative improvements to ensure stronger protection for trademarks in Jordan. It will also advise to amend Article 37 to set provision for well‐known trademarks and more delimitative provisions on criminal intent to conform to the dowry of presumption of innocence, enhance deterrent in penalties, and to be in line with penalty slow down to the international law practice. This paper seeks to address these gaps, contribute to the debate about the purpose of intellectual property rights, and provide suggestions for policymakers who are looking towards enhancing legislative protection from trademark infringement to promote increased economic stability and consumer safety.
Artificial Intelligence: An Emerging Tool for Studying Drug‐Induced Liver Injury
Authors: Niu Hao , Alvarez‐Alvarez Ismael , Chen Minjun
Published: February 2025

Drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) is a complex and potentially severe adverse reaction to drugs, herbal products or dietary supplements. DILI can mimic other liver diseases clinical presentation, and currently lacks specific diagnostic biomarkers, which hinders its diagnosis. In some cases, DILI may progress to acute liver failure. Given its public health risk, novel methodologies to enhance the understanding of DILI are crucial. Recently, the increasing availability of larger datasets has highlighted artificial intelligence (AI) as a powerful tool to construct complex models. In this review, we summarise the evidence about the use of AI in DILI research, explaining fundamental AI concepts and its subfields. We present findings from AI‐based approaches in DILI investigations for risk stratification, prognostic evaluation and causality assessment and discuss the adoption of natural language processing (NLP) and large language models (LLM) in the clinical setting. Finally, we explore future perspectives and challenges in utilising AI for DILI research.
Multi‐hazard probabilistic risk assessment and equitable multi‐objective optimization of building retrofit strategies in hurricane‐vulnerable communities
Authors: Braik Abdullah M. , Gupta Himadri Sen , Koliou Maria , González Andrés D.
Published: February 2025

Coastal communities are increasingly vulnerable to hurricanes, which cause billions of dollars in damage annually through wind, storm surge, and flooding. Mitigation efforts are essential to reduce these impacts but face significant challenges, including uncertainties in hazard prediction, damage estimation, and recovery costs. Resource constraints and the disproportionate burden borne by socioeconomically vulnerable groups further complicate retrofitting strategies. This study presents a probabilistic methodology to assess and mitigate hurricane risks by integrating hazard analysis, building fragility, and economic loss assessment. The methodology prioritizes retrofitting strategies using a risk‐informed, equity‐focused approach. Multi‐objective optimization balances cost‐effectiveness and risk reduction while promoting fair resource allocation among socioeconomic groups. The novelty of this study lies in its direct integration of equity as an objective in resource allocation through multi‐objective optimization, its comprehensive consideration of multi‐hazard risks, its inclusion of both direct and indirect losses in cost assessments, and its use of probabilistic hazard analysis to incorporate varying time horizons. A case study of the Galveston testbed demonstrates the methodology's potential to minimize damage and foster equitable resilience. Analysis of budget scenarios and trade‐offs between cost and equity underscores the importance of comprehensive loss assessments and equity considerations in mitigation and resilience planning. Key findings highlight the varied effectiveness of retrofitting strategies across different budgets and time horizons, the necessity of addressing both direct and indirect losses, and the importance of multi‐hazard considerations for accurate risk assessments. Multi‐objective optimization underscores that equitable solutions are achievable even under constrained budgets. Beyond a certain point, achieving equity does not necessarily increase expected losses, demonstrating that more equitable solutions can be implemented without compromising overall cost‐effectiveness.
No Association of Pediatric Vitiligo With Visual Acuity Deficits
Authors: Tissera Kristin A. , Buros‐Stein Amy , Delva Camile A. , Mayur Omkar , Hawryluk Elena B. , Harris John , Garza‐Mayers Anna Cristina
Published: February 2025

Vitiligo is characterized by the autoimmune destruction of melanocytes, which most visibly affect skin pigmentation, but are also present in the choroid and retinal pigmented epithelium of the eye raising the possibility of underappreciated vision loss in affected populations. To inform whether this vulnerable population should be more rigorously screened and offered early intervention, we performed a multi‐center retrospective analysis of optotype recognition of 248 pediatric vitiligo patients compared with 496 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy subjects between 2000 and 2023; we found a significant difference in the risk of visual acuity deficits in patients as compared with healthy controls (p = 0.0476), although this association was lost when controlling for family history and genetic diagnoses associated with visual acuity deficits or vision loss. These results extend prior studies in adult populations and are consistent with current guidelines that do not recommend routine vision screening the pediatric vitiligo population, although further studies are warranted to determine if there are more subtle changes in vision and eye function.