bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of Decoupling and Influencing Factors of Carbon Emissions from the Transportation Sector in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Area, China
Authors: Zhu Xiaoping , Li Rongrong
Published: May 2017

The transport sector is the major green-house gas emitter and most rapidly growing sector in terms of consuming energy in China. Understanding the driving forces behind carbon emission is a prerequisite for reducing carbon emissions and finding a balance between economic growth and carbon emissions. The purpose of this paper is to identify the impact of the factors which influence the level of carbon emissions from the transportation sector in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) area, China, using decomposition model, combined with a decoupling elasticity index. The results of our study indicate that: (1) changes in the level of carbon emissions from the transportation sector are not always synchronized with changes in economic growth. (2) The decoupling state between the carbon emissions and economic growth of Tianjin and Beijing can be roughly divided into two phases. The first phase was during the 2005 to 2009 period, when the decoupling state was pessimistic. The second phase was from 2009 to 2013, when the decoupling state became better overall and was mainly dominated by weak decoupling. Conversely, the decoupling state of Hebei was mainly weak during this period. (3) Economic growth and population size play positive roles in increasing the levels of transportation-related carbon emissions in BTH. However, the energy structure is a negative force. The effect of energy intensity always plays a negative role in Tianjin and Hebei, but positive in Beijing. The industrial structure effect shows a fluctuating trend, but the cumulative effect value is negative, and negative interaction is prominent. Finally, this paper gives some suggestions on how to develop low-carbon transport in BTH area.
Historical Perspectives on Flavivirus Research
Authors: Holbrook Michael
Published: May 2017

The flaviviruses are small single-stranded RNA viruses that are typically transmitted by mosquito or tick vectors. These “arboviruses” are found around the world and account for a significant number of cases of human disease. The flaviviruses cause diseases ranging from mild or sub-clinical infections to lethal hemorrhagic fever or encephalitis. In many cases, survivors of neurologic flavivirus infections suffer long-term debilitating sequelae. Much like the emergence of West Nile virus in the United States in 1999, the recent emergence of Zika virus in the Americas has significantly increased the awareness of mosquito-borne viruses. The diseases caused by several flaviviruses have been recognized for decades, if not centuries. However, there is still a lot that is unknown about the flaviviruses as the recent experience with Zika virus has taught us. The objective of this review is to provide a general overview and some historical perspective on several flaviviruses that cause significant human disease. In addition, available medical countermeasures and significant gaps in our understanding of flavivirus biology are also discussed.
Evaluating Flood Exposure for Properties in Urban Areas Using a Multivariate Modelling Technique
Authors: Torgersen Geir , Rød Jan Ketil , Kvaal Knut , Bjerkholt Jarle T. , Lindholm Oddvar G.
Published: May 2017

Urban flooding caused by heavy rainfall is expected to increase in the future. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the variables characterizing the placement of a house, which seem to have an impact when it comes to the exposure to floods. From the same region in Norway, data from 347 addresses were derived. All addresses were either associated with insurance claims caused by flooding or were randomly selected. A multivariate statistical model, Partial Least Square Regression (PLS), was used. Among others, the analysis has shown that the upstream, sealed area is the most significant variable for characterizing properties’ exposure to urban flooding. The model confirms that flooding tends to occur near old combined sewer mains and in concave curvature, and houses located in steep slopes seem to be less exposed. Using this method, it is possible to rank and quantify significant exposure variables contributing to urban floods within a region. Results from the PLS-analysis might provide important input to professionals, when planning and prioritizing measures. It can also predict flood-prone areas and make residents aware of the risks, which may induce them to implement preventive measures.
New approach toward the synthesis of deuterated pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines and 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines
Authors: Vorob’ev Aleksey Yu , Supranovich Vyacheslav I , Borodkin Gennady I , Shubin Vyacheslav G
Published: May 2017

An efficient and operationally simple synthesis of 7-deuteropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine and 7-deutero-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine derivatives using α-H/D exchange of 1-aminopyridinium cations in basic D2O followed by a 1,3-cycloaddition of acetylenes and nitriles is presented. A high regioselectivity and a high degree of deuterium incorporation were achieved. The procedure was applied for several 4-R-1-aminopyridinium cations (R = H, Me, OMe).
Accelerating construction of roadway bridges using alternative techniques and procurement methods
Authors: Salem Ossama , Salman Baris , Ghorai Sudipta
Published: May 2017

Approximately a quarter of the bridges in the United States are classified as either functionally obsolete or structurally deficient by the United States Department of Transportation (USDOT). As such, transportation agencies are challenged to handle the increasing need of upgrades with limited resources. Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC) can reduce the construction duration and can decrease the environmental and socio-economic impacts of repair and upgrade activities by minimizing traffic disruptions. As several states are using accelerated construction techniques, a standard guideline would be highly beneficial for these agencies in developing or improving the ABC decision-making process. As problems are often project specific, a decision tool can assist in determining the viability of ABC over traditional construction methods and in selecting appropriate construction and contracting strategies on a case-by-case basis. This paper presents findings of a recent survey with regards to utilization of ABC strategies by state Departments of Transportation (DOTs), and a decision support framework which consists of three models: (1) Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) based ABC vs. traditional construction decision-making model; (2) ABC alternatives selection model; and (3) procurement method and contract selection model. The paper also discusses the use of ABC in New York State and describes a New York State bridge project to validate the AHP model.
Implications of z ∼ 6 Quasar Proximity Zones for the Epoch of Reionization and Quasar Lifetimes
Authors: Eilers Anna-Christina , Davies Frederick B. , Hennawi Joseph F. , Prochaska J. Xavier , Lukić Zarija , Mazzucchelli Chiara
Published: May 2017

We study quasar proximity zones in the redshift range

5.77
≤
z
≤
6.54

by homogeneously analyzing 34 medium-resolution spectra, encompassing both archival and newly obtained data, and exploiting recently updated systemic redshift and magnitude measurements. Whereas previous studies found strong evolution of proximity zone sizes with redshift and argued that this provides evidence for a rapidly evolving intergalactic medium (IGM) neutral fraction during reionization, we measure a much shallower trend

∝

(
1
+
z
)

−
1.44

. We compare our measured proximity zone sizes to predictions from hydrodynamical simulations post-processed with one-dimensional radiative transfer and find good agreement between observations and theory, irrespective of the ionization state of the ambient IGM. This insensitivity to IGM ionization state has been previously noted, and results from the fact that the definition of proximity zone size as the first drop of the smoothed quasar spectrum below the 10% flux transmission level probes locations where the ionizing radiation from the quasar is an order of magnitude larger than the expected ultraviolet ionizing background that sets the neutral fraction of the IGM. Our analysis also uncovered three objects with exceptionally small proximity zones (two have

R

p

<
1

proper Mpc), which constitute outliers from the observed distribution and are challenging to explain with our radiative transfer simulations. We consider various explanations for their origin, such as strong absorption line systems associated with the quasar or patchy reionization, but find that the most compelling scenario is that these quasars have been shining for ≲105 years.
A Multi-ringed, Modestly Inclined Protoplanetary Disk around AA Tau
Authors: Loomis Ryan A. , Öberg Karin I. , Andrews Sean M. , MacGregor Meredith A.
Published: May 2017

AA Tau is the archetype for a class of stars with a peculiar periodic photometric variability thought to be related to a warped inner disk structure with a nearly edge-on viewing geometry. We present high resolution (∼0.″2) ALMA observations of the 0.87 and 1.3 mm dust continuum emission from the disk around AA Tau. These data reveal an evenly spaced three-ringed emission structure, with distinct peaks at 0.″34, 0.″66, and 0.″99, all viewed at a modest inclination of 59.°1 ± 0.°3 (decidedly not edge-on). In addition to this ringed substructure, we find non-axisymmetric features, including a “bridge” of emission that connects opposite sides of the innermost ring. We speculate on the nature of this “bridge” in light of accompanying observations of HCO+ and 13CO (J = 3–2) line emission. The HCO+ emission is bright interior to the innermost dust ring, with a projected velocity field that appears rotated with respect to the resolved disk geometry, indicating the presence of a warp or inward radial flow. We suggest that the continuum bridge and HCO+ line kinematics could originate from gap-crossing accretion streams, which may be responsible for the long-duration dimming of optical light from AA Tau.
Propagation of Torsional Alfvén Waves from the Photosphere to the Corona: Reflection, Transmission, and Heating in Expanding Flux Tubes
Authors: Soler Roberto , Terradas Jaume , Oliver Ramón , Ballester José Luis
Published: May 2017

It has been proposed that Alfvén waves play an important role in the energy propagation through the solar atmospheric plasma and its heating. Here we theoretically investigate the propagation of torsional Alfvén waves in magnetic flux tubes expanding from the photosphere up to the low corona and explore the reflection, transmission, and dissipation of wave energy. We use a realistic variation of the plasma properties and the magnetic field strength with height. Dissipation by ion–neutral collisions in the chromosphere is included using a multifluid partially ionized plasma model. Considering the stationary state, we assume that the waves are driven below the photosphere and propagate to the corona, while they are partially reflected and damped in the chromosphere and transition region. The results reveal the existence of three different propagation regimes depending on the wave frequency: low frequencies are reflected back to the photosphere, intermediate frequencies are transmitted to the corona, and high frequencies are completely damped in the chromosphere. The frequency of maximum transmissivity depends on the magnetic field expansion rate and the atmospheric model, but is typically in the range of 0.04–0.3 Hz. Magnetic field expansion favors the transmission of waves to the corona and lowers the reflectivity of the chromosphere and transition region compared to the case with a straight field. As a consequence, the chromospheric heating due to ion–neutral dissipation systematically decreases when the expansion rate of the magnetic flux tube increases.
Streamlining the Process of 3D Printing a Brain From a Structural MRI
Authors: Peterson Daniel
Published: May 2017

Currently, the process of obtaining a 3D model from a structural MRI requires specialized knowlege and skills. This is not due to the fundamental difficulty and complexity of the process, but is a result of the fact that the neccessary tools were developed for and by neuroimaging researchers. This project describes a publically available utility implemented as a Docker image that takes a structural MRI as input, and gives files for 3D printing as output, along with a rendered image of the surface.
How Are Obesity and Body Composition Related to Patellar Cartilage? A Systematic Review
Authors: Hussain Sultana Monira , Tan Mae Chyi , Stathakopoulos Krista , Cicuttini Flavia M. , Wang Yuanyuan , Chou Louisa , Urquhart Donna M. , Wluka Anita E.
Published: May 2017

Objective.

The aim of this review was to systematically examine the evidence for an association between measures of obesity [weight and body mass index (BMI)] and body composition (fat mass and fat-free mass) and patellar cartilage, assessed using magnetic resonance imaging.

Methods.

Three electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL) were searched up to April 2016 using full text and MeSH terms to identify studies examining the associations between obesity and body composition, and patellar cartilage. Two independent reviewers extracted the data and assessed the methodological quality of included studies.

Results.

Seventeen studies were included: 5 cross-sectional, 10 cohort studies measuring outcomes at 2 timepoints, and 2 longitudinal studies assessing outcome only at the timepoint. Eleven studies were of high or moderate quality. In asymptomatic middle-aged adults, elevated body weight and BMI were systematically associated with worse patellofemoral cartilage scores. There was more consistent evidence for patellar cartilage defects than patellar cartilage volume, particularly in women. Increased BMI was also consistently associated with increased cartilage loss in longitudinal studies, although not all attained statistical significance.

Conclusion.

There is a need for more high-quality research to confirm these findings and to better explain the relative contributions of metabolic and biomechanical factors to the initiation of patellofemoral osteoarthritis, to devise effective strategies to manage this common and disabling condition.
Information Retrieval Models
Authors: Krishnamurthy Saruladha , Akila V
Published: May 2017

Information retrieval is currently an active research field with the evolution of World wide web. The objective of this chapter is to provide an insight into the information retrieval definitions, process, models. Further how traditional information retrieval has evolved and adapted for search engines is also discussed. The information retrieval models have not only been used for search purpose it also supports cross lingual translation and retrieval tasks. This chapter also outlines the CLIR process in a brief manner. The tools which are usually used for experimental and research purpose is also discussed. This chapter is organized as Introduction to the concepts of information retrieval. Description of the information retrieval process, the information retrieval models, the role of external sources like ontologies in information retrieval systems. Finally the chapter provides an overview of CLIR and the tools used in developing IR systems is mentioned. Further the latest research directions in IR is explained.
Web Semantics for Personalized Information Retrieval
Authors: Singh Aarti , Sharma Anu
Published: May 2017

This chapter explores the synergy between Semantic Web (SW) technologies and Web Personalization (WP) for demonstrating an intelligent interface for Personalized Information Retrieval (PIR) on web. Benefits of adding semantics to WP through ontologies and Software Agents (SA) has already been realized. These approaches are expected to prove useful in handling the information overload problem encountered in web search. A brief introduction to PIR process is given, followed by description of SW, ontologies and SA. A comprehensive review of existing web technologies for PIR has been presented. Although, a huge contribution by various researchers has been seen and analyzed but still there exist some gap areas where the benefits of these technologies are still to be realized in future personalized web search.
State-of-the-Art Information Retrieval Tools for Biological Resources
Authors: Lal Shashi Bhushan , Sharma Anu , Chaturvedi Krishna Kumar , Farooqi Mohammad Samir , Kumar Sanjeev , Mishra Dwijesh Chandra , Jha Mohit
Published: May 2017

With the advancements in sequencing technologies, there is an exponential growth in the availability of the biological databases. Biological databases consist of information and knowledge collected from scientific experiments, published literature and statistical analysis of text, numerical, image and video data. These databases are widely spread across the globe and are being maintained by many organizations. A number of tools have been developed to retrieve the information from these databases. Most of these tools are available on web but are scattered. So, finding a relevant information is a very difficult, and tedious task for the researchers. Moreover, many of these databases use disparate storage formats but are linked to each other. So, an important issue concerning present biological resources is their availability and integration at single platform. This chapter provides an insight into existing biological resources with an aim to provide consolidated information at one place for ease of use and access by researchers, academicians and students.
Building customer relationships as retention strategy in the South African domestic passenger airline industry
Authors: Mostert Pierre , De Meyer Christine
Published: May 2017

Organisations are increasingly focusing on building long-term relationships with customers, thereby increasing their probability for success by offering customers higher levels of satisfaction, increasing customer loyalty, and ultimately retaining customers. Airlines in particular can benefit from retaining customers as the airline industry is characterised by fierce competition and many airlines are finding it difficult to survive against the backdrop of enormous challenges in the past decade, including the significant decline in demand for air travel together with rising costs and the worldwide economic downturn. This study investigates the effect which a strategy by airlines of building relationships with customers has on customer satisfaction, loyalty, and ultimately customer retention. The effect of service failures on customers' relationships with airlines are also considered as a negative experience could results in customers defecting to competitors. A questionnaire, comprising six sections, was specifically compiled to determine customer retention in the South African domestic passenger airline industry. Data were collected by trained fieldworkers from OR Tambo International Airport by means of a non-probability convenience sampling method from 324 passengers flying with the various domestic airlines. Findings indicate that most respondents were satisfied with the airlines' overall service; respondents who formed relationships with domestic airlines were more loyal toward the airlines; and the relationships of respondents who were satisfied with airlines' service recovery efforts were either strengthened or unchanged. The findings from this study support findings from international studies by providing a unique South African perspective on the effect of a strategy of building relationships with customers on their satisfaction, loyalty and ultimately retention. It can therefore be recommended that the organisations competing in the South African service sector, and specifically the domestic airline industry, make special efforts to build relationships with existing customers, rather than to continually try to acquire new customers. This strategy could result in a higher probability of success by increasing customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, and ultimately customer retention.
Adapting SMME business functions during economic turmoil
Authors: Rootman Chantal , Kruger Janine
Published: May 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate how SMMEs should adapt their business functions to improve business performance during times of economic turmoil. Problem investigated: SMMEs are important contributors to the economy as these firms provide employment opportunities and create economic wealth. However, many SMMEs fail due to reasons such as the influence of economic factors (low sales and growth prospects) as well as the lack of finance, managerial skills and expertise. SMMEs could possibly increase their chances of success if they adjust aspects in their firms which the owners and managers of the SMMEs can control. Business functions are regarded as internal forces influencing a firm and SMME owners and managers can control these functions. These business functions include general and strategic management, purchasing management, production management, marketing management, financial management, human resources management, business communication management and information management. It is important to investigate how SMMEs can adapt their business functions, during difficult economic times, to improve their business performance. Methodology: A self-developed, self-administered and structured questionnaire was distributed to 300 SMMEs in the Eastern Cape and the Garden Route area. A total of 250 usable questionnaires were received, therefore a response rate of 83% was obtained. Findings and implications: The findings of this study revealed that all eight of the business functions require adjustments during difficult economic times to improve the business performance of SMMEs. Respondents regarded the financial management function as the area in SMMEs that needs the most focus and adjustments, during challenging economic times to improve business performance. Following financial management is the purchasing- and information management business functions. Originality and value of the research: This study specifically focussed on how SMMEs should adapt their business functions during economic turmoil to improve business performance. This type of study has never been conducted in South Africa. The results and recommendations contribute to SMMEs understanding of how to change their business functions to improve business performance, especially during difficult economic times. The implementation of these recommendations may lead to improved business performance and higher levels of success among SMMEs in South Africa, which will be beneficial to the economy.
An assessment of the determinants of successor development in family businesses
Authors: Van der Merwe S. P.
Published: May 2017

Purpose: The primary objective of this study is twofold: Firstly, to assess some of the determinants of successor development in family businesses with the focus on the role of the senior generation family members, and secondly, to make practical recommendations on actions that families can take to ensure successful management succession. Research methodology: The construct validity of the measuring scale was assessed by means of an exploratory factor analysis and by calculating Cronbach alpha coefficients. Thereafter, the correlation between the variables was explored by means of correlation analysis, t-tests and effect sizes. Findings: In this study the exploratory factor analysis provides some evidence of construct validity, but further research is needed before the measuring scale can be utilised to diagnose these issues in small and medium-sized family businesses. It is recommended that more advanced statistical procedures for scale validation, such as structural equation modelling, should be utilised in further development of the questionnaire. Supplementary research on the use of the measuring scale is also necessary to refine its norms. Practical implications: The importance for family businesses is that a better understanding of the determinants of the senior generation's role in the development of the prospective successor could contribute to the successful transfer of the business from the senior to the younger generation family members. It is, however, important to provide feedback on the diagnosis based on the proposed scale to individual family businesses. Originality/Value: Understanding the determinants of the role of the senior generation owner-manager in the development of the prospective successor is important to sensitise both role-players', as well as the senior and younger generations regarding their expectations, fears and needs in the process. This makes this measuring scale a useful tool to identify the state of these factors in the family business. Conclusion: This study confirms the important role that the senior generation family members play in the development of the younger generation successors to ensure that the prospected successor is competent to successfully manage the family business after management succession and to ensure the sustainability of the family business.
Empirical testing of Kotler's high-performance factors to increase sales growth
Authors: Dayan Oren , Arnolds Cecil A. , Struwig Miemie
Published: May 2017

Purpose and/or objectives: The primary objective of this study is to empirically test Kotler's (2003) high-performance model which ensures an increase in sales growth. More specifically, the study explores the influence of process variables (as measured by marketing strategies), resources management (as measured by the management of labour, materials, machines, information technology and energy) and organisational variables (as measured by TQM and organisational culture) on sales growth in the food, motorcar and high-technology manufacturing industries. Problem investigated Various research studies suggest that the managers of firms are continuously challenged in their attempts to increase their sales (Morre, 2007; Pauwels, Silva Risso, Srinivasan & Hanssens, 2004: 142-143; Gray & Hayes, 2007: 1). Kotler (2003) suggests a model that leads to a high performing business. The question is posed as to whether this model can be used to increase sales growth in all businesses. This study seeks to develop a generic model to increase sales growth across industries by using an adapted version of Kotler's (2003) high-performance model. The study investigates the application of this adapted model on the food, motorcar and high-technology manufacturing industries. Design and/or methodology and/or approach: An empirical causal research design that includes 770 marketing and product development practitioners from multinational food, motorcar and high-technology manufacturing firms, was used in this study. A response rate of 76.1% was achieved as only 571 useable questionnaires were returned. The internal reliability and discriminant validity of the measuring instrument were assessed by the calculation of Cronbach alpha coefficients and the conducting an exploratory factor analysis respectively. Structural Equation Modelling SEM) was used to statistically test the relationships between the independent variables (marketing strategies, resource management, TQM and organisational culture) and the dependent variable (sales growth). Findings and/or implications: As the achievement of increased sales, profits and market share is important to all industries, companies spend large amounts of money on research and development to increase sales and market share. The study's empirical results lead to a proposed model that shows the factors influencing sales growth. These factors include distribution channel development, third-party agreements, e-business, e-savings and a market-oriented organisational culture.
The relevance of operational skills towards business sustainability: A focus on SMME manufacturers in the Vaal triangle region
Authors: Naidoo R. , Urban B.
Published: May 2017

Purpose: Activities in the manufacturing sector are often considered the bedrock of an economy and a key driver of growth and development. Within the South African manufacturing sector, operations skills are reported to be deficient and are often cited as a main cause of failure in small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs). This study explores and tests this fragile relationship between operations skills and SMME sustainability. Empirical investigations are conducted in a high-density SMME manufacturing environment - the Vaal Triangle Region. Design/Methodology/Approach: Building on previously established literature on SMME sustainability and operations skills, various measures are developed and tested for reliability and validity. Factor analysis is used to identify relevant factors in terms of operations skills. Co-relational analysis is then employed to test the hypothesised relationship. The study is cross-sectional in design and relies on trained fieldworkers administering surveys for data collection. Findings: Five clear factors for operations skills are identified through factor analysis with an overall high reliability value. Based on descriptive and co-relational analysis results reveal that operations skills are positively associated with sustainability. Implications: SMME owners, educators and service providers may benefit from the study's findings in terms of the nature and associations that operational skills have on developing sustainable SMME's. Originality/Value: The study focused on a neglected area of SMMEs - the importance of operations towards business sustainability, and made an important contribution towards theory development through empirical explorations. In South Africa, this is the first time an instrument measuring operations skills has been validated and associated with SMMEs in a manufacturing context.
The networking practices of businesswomen
Authors: Bogaards Marlene , De Klerk Saskia , Mostert Karina
Published: May 2017

Purpose: The primary objective of this study was to investigate the networking practices of businesswomen in the Gauteng Province, South Africa. The study of businesswomen's networking practices can provide critical insight into the manner in which networking can assist businesswomen in personal and professional skills development. Problem investigated: An investigation was conducted into the manner in which the concepts of networking and social networking are perceived by businesswomen in Gauteng. The study further investigated the motivation behind businesswomen's networking practices and the contents of their social networks were explored. Design/methodology/approach: A non-probability purposive sample, followed by snowball sampling, was used to select businesswomen for in-depth interviews (n = 31). In-depth interviews were used as a qualitative method to investigate the networking practices of these participants.Findings: The results indicate that businesswomen have various perceptions regarding the concepts of networking and social networking. It was also found that businesswomen include certain types of people in their social networks and that they receive various business and personal benefits when their networking is focused (having a clear objective to networking). Originality/value: These findings provide a background to the manner in which businesswomen perceive networking and social networking. This can serve as a basis for training initiatives to raise businesswomen's awareness of networking and social networking. Aforementioned may also provide insight into the meaning this may hold for them in their work and personal lives (for example, obtaining insight into the manner in which networking can be used to obtain business and personal support). Information derived from this study can further be utilised by businesswomen to assist them in social network development. Conclusion: It was concluded from the study that businesswomen perceive networking and social networking in various ways (for example, that networking is a skill that can be learnt and that social networking is a way in which individuals can develop friendships). It was further concluded that businesswomen derive various business and personal benefits from their networks, and that businesswomen include various kinds of people in their networks, including supportive people and people with similar values. It was also concluded that business contacts can be found in social environments.
E-service quality: An investigation of its key dimensions and the discriminatory power in the residential property sector
Authors: Beneke Justin , Acton Alexander , Richardson Dominic , White Fiona
Published: May 2017

Research Statement: With an increase in competition within the South African property sector, real estate agencies need to ensure that their channels are as effective as possible. Using the Internet and mobile technologies represents a new means to reach customers and achieve lower operating costs. This study seeks to ascertain which factors potential buyers consider important when perusing residential property in an online environment. Hence, the dimensions of e-service quality, which constitute their online experience, will be explored. In addition, this research explores buyer typologies and probes whether other forms of technology, such as a mobile interface, may be of commercial value to the realtor. Methodology: The empirical analysis was conducted by means of a quantitative survey. A questionnaire was designed to test the application of the e-service quality construct in the South African real-estate sector. Data was obtained from 300 respondents, across the age spectrum, who filled the criteria of being prospective buyers. Convenience sampling was primarily used to collect responses as the researchers were unable to obtain access to a specific database of listed property buyers. Results & Conclusion: As mirrored in other studies of this nature, it was found that trust is paramount when initiating property sales online. All other variables in the construct (site features, information, accessibility, communication, reliability, responsiveness and personalisation) also proved significant. A cluster analysis revealed that older respondents preferred a higher level of support - across all attributes of e-service quality - when interacting with online property services. Lastly, the mobile interface appears to appeal to 'students' as well as 'mature workers'. It is surmised that these individuals have access to smart phones capable of being used for accessing property portals. However, the 'young workers' appear less enthusiastic about the mobile interface, seemingly preferring to either access such portals via the Internet or visiting agents personally.
Enhancing innovation capability maturity through knowledge conversion
Authors: Esterhuizen D. , Schutte C. S.L. , Du Toit A. S.A
Published: May 2017

Purpose: This research was aimed at investigating organisational support by means of knowledge conversion processes toward maturity growth in innovation capability areas. Problem investigated: No formal guidelines exist for the use of knowledge management to grow innovation capability maturity. As knowledge management plays a fundamental role in an enterprise's ability to innovate successfully, the following question arises: Can knowledge creation processes be used to enable innovation capability maturity growth? Methodology: The literature therefore provides a strong basis for the argument that knowledge management and more specifically knowledge creation processes could be used to improve an enterprise's innovation capability maturity. A knowledge creation framework that enables innovation capability maturity growth was designed by aligning knowledge creation processes to the requirements for innovation capability growth from one maturity level to the next. The time-frame of the research did not allow the implementation of the framework, and five industry and subject theory experts were used to evaluate the framework. Findings: All five experts responded positively to, and were in agreement that the reasoning applied when identifying the specific knowledge creation process path as a key enabler of growth between innovation capability maturity levels is logical and sound. Value of research: The unique research contribution of the framework lies in providing a tangible link between the fields of knowledge management and innovation capability maturity.Conclusion: The impact of this research lies in the development of a knowledge creation framework that provides guidelines for the use of knowledge creation processes as a vehicle for innovation capability maturity growth.
An exploratory study on the management of business records by knowledge workers
Authors: Du Toit Adeline
Published: May 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this exploratory study was to determine how knowledge workers could align the creation and management of business records with organisational records management needs. Problem investigated: Knowledge workers are employed by more than one organisation at the same time. This creates problems in managing and preserving the business records created and received by knowledge workers. This article investigates how organisations should manage and preserve their business records that are created and received by knowledge workers who are employed by more than one organisation. Methodology: The importance of the management of business records in the knowledge economy was discussed and in the empirical survey data was collected through a questionnaire survey of 122 knowledge workers at an investment management company. Findings: The results of the empirical survey revealed that the majority of respondents always save business records that they create on their own personal filing systems and that they are familiar with the concept of records management. The findings provided support for the hypothesis that knowledge workers take control of managing the business records of various organisations, as their careers consist of a series of projects or assignments, irrespective of the organisation employing them. Value of research: The active role that knowledge workers can play in the management of strategic business records, underlines its key position as an information management function in organisations. Further research is needed to clarify the importance of records management in the knowledge economy. Conclusion: Knowledge workers take control of managing the business records of various organisations, as their careers consist of a series of projects or assignments while working at different organisations.
Stagnant or growing: Can management sciences evolve beyond known business challenges?
Authors: Goldman Geoff , Marnevick Carl
Published: May 2017

As global markets embark on some serious introspection after the global crisis of 2008, many business decision makers are asking "How did this happen?" What has become clear, however, is that we are stumbling from one business crisis to another. First it was corporate scandals such as Enron, Parmalat and Fidentia. Then came the financial crisis and the dire straits of, inter alia, Merrill Lynch, RBS, and Lehmann Brothers. Luckily, perhaps, it is not known what and when the next crisis will be. What is certain is that it will come. This begs the question: does business ever learn from what has gone before?
A conceptual framework to analyse supply chain designs
Authors: Badenhorst-Weiss J. A. , Nel J.
Published: May 2017

Objectives: Supply chain design (SCD) is a concept that forms an integral part of supply chain management (SCM). Effective SCD enhances supply chain integration (SCI) which in turn contributes towards improved supply chain performance. Therefore, organisations' supply chain designs need to be analysed. This article proposes a conceptual framework to analyse organisations' supply chain designs. The objective of this article is to determine whether the proposed conceptual framework is a workable instrument with which organisations can analyse their supply chain designs. Problem investigated: Effective SCD is a complex and demanding undertaking and has become a major challenge for organisations. Moreover, the literature suggests that organisations allow their supply chains to evolve rather than consciously designing them. Although the importance of SCD is emphasised, very little attention is given to what it entails exactly. The problem statement of this article is thus: What are the elements of SCD and how can these elements be included in a conceptual framework to analyse organisations' supply chain designs? Methodology: The methodology used in this article comprised two phases. Firstly, a literature review was conducted to identify SCD elements. The elements were used to develop a conceptual framework with which organisations can analyse their supply chain designs. Secondly, the conceptual framework was tested in 13 organisations to determine whether it is a workable instrument to analyse supply chain designs. The respondents were selected by means of non-probability sampling. Purposive, judgmental and convenience sampling methods were used to select the sample. Findings and implications: As mentioned, the conceptual framework was tested empirically within 13 organisations. The findings show that the conceptual framework is in fact a workable instrument to analyse supply chain designs. Value of the research: The research will make a contribution in the field of supply chain management and more specifically in the field of supply chain design. As mentioned, very little attention is given to the specifics of SCD. This article provides a more structured approach to analysing supply chain designs. Conclusion: SCD forms an important part of SCM and may play a role in improving performance. The conceptual framework proposed in this article will assist organisations with the analysis of their supply chain designs, which in turn may highlight potential areas in their supply chains where there may be room for improving their SCD practices.
Perceived impediments to export involvement among small and medium sized firms : non-exporters perspective
Authors: Mpinganjira Mercy
Published: May 2017

Purpose: The main purpose of this paper is to examine perceived impediments to export involvement among non-exporting small and medium sized firms (SME's) in Malawi. The study also examines levels of interest in exporting among the firms. Problem investigated: Many countries have programs aimed at promoting export involvement among SME's. Despite this, most SME's continue to ignore exporting as a viable business strategy. Information on perceived impediments to export involvement especially from the non-exporters' perspective is often lacking hence the need for this study. Methodology: Data was collected from 80 owner managers of non-exporting SME's. A structured questionnaire was the main instrument used to collect data. Personal interviews were also held with managers for the purposes of probing their answers to the questions in the questionnaire. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 18 was used to analyse the quantitative data obtained from use of the structured questionnaire. Qualitative data obtained through personal interviews was analysed used thematic analysis. Findings: The findings of the study showed significant levels of interest in exporting among the firms. The majority of the owner managers indicated willingness to exploit export opportunities that may be readily available to them. The findings however showed that just over half of the respondents had discussed or investigated the possibility of exporting before. On impediments to exporting, the findings showed that managers perceive many factors as important impediments to their firm's involvement in exporting. The top two most important impediments were internal to the firm and related to human resource issues. They included insufficient knowledge about export opportunities and lack of personnel knowledgeable in exporting. Originality and value of the research: A review of literature shows that most export promotion studies tend to focus more on issues relating to firms already involved in exporting. Efforts aimed at encouraging more SME's to take up exporting are however likely to fail if they do not address non-exporters' concerns. Conclusion: There are many non-exporting firms which would consider exporting if only they could receive appropriate help. It is thus important for officials involved in export promotion to understand perceived impediments to export involvement from the non-exporters perspective. Such information can help in designing export promotional programs that will address concerns and help improve uptake of exporting as a business strategy. This study contributes towards this understanding.
Establishing an intrapreneurial orientation as strategy: A framework for implementation
Authors: Jacobs H. , Kruger S.
Published: May 2017

This paper describes a study aimed at increasing an organisation's ability to implement a strategy for establishing an intrapreneurial orientation effectively. Establishing an intrapreneurial orientation will be treated from a strategic management point of view, with the emphasis on the implementation phase of strategic management. As such, this study seeks to integrate theory and practice from the fields of strategic management and entrepreneurship.
Verbeterde onderrig en opleiding vir studente in die ekonomiese en bestuurswetenskappe deur die instelling van 'n internskap
Authors: Olivier G. J. , Venter P. F. , Sorgdrager A. J.E.
Published: May 2017

Die huidige opleiding van bestuurders is steeds tot 'n groot mate geskoei op die tradisionele onderrigmodel: teoretoiese opleiding in die klaskamer met behulp van lesings en transpararante. Volgens 'n opname onder afgestudeerde studente, bevredig hierdie onderrigmodel nie die behoeftes van die sakelui nie. Die instelling van 'n internskap word voorgestel om die opleiding meer praktykgerig te maak.
The most critical issues facing managers in South Africa today
Authors: Maritz G.
Published: May 2017

South African managers today find themselves squeezed between juxtapositions, such as international competition and simultaneous skill development programmes to combat illiteracy. A second example is high unemployment and the concurrent shortage of IT specialists. Affirmative action has led to troublesome labour relations. HIV/AIDS has an enormous impact on business and must be managed. South African managers need to change their managerial approaches to cope with the increasing demands of this country. Managers must be aware of the realities facing them and know how to turn them into potential growth opportunities for their organisations and South Africa as a country.
The design & delivery of quality services: A paradigm shift
Authors: Smith D. B.H.
Published: May 2017

As result of the increasingly important role information technology (IT) is playing in service provision, less person-to-person contact will in future be made during service provision. Highly skilled specialists will make the remaining contact. Emphasis will shift to speed of delivery, with logistics playing an important role. The designers of services must take these factors into account if they wish to design quality services.
Biotechnology - The role of perceptions of consumers
Authors: Van Heerden P. , Lessing N.
Published: May 2017

The development of Biotechnology is aimed at creating improved products. Without the acceptance of biotechnology enhancements by consumers, the development of new products will be hampered. Consumers in different countries perceive genetic engineering differently. In this article the views of foreign and local consumers are investigated.