bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A trajetória da formação do professor de sociologia do ensino médio a partir do estudo da disciplina didática
Authors: Takagi Cassiana Tiemi T.
Published: April 2016

Este artigo discute a formação do professor de Sociologia da escola média a partir do estudo da disciplina Didática, pertencente ao curso de licenciatura em Ciências Sociais na Universidade de São Paulo. Considerou-se que o curso de licenciatura da USP, por ser o mais longevo e, de certa forma, inaugural, seria capaz de fornecer, a partir de seus arquivos, os subsídios necessários para se compreenderem os objetivos curriculares de formação docente. Optou-se pela disciplina Didática porque ela é capaz de revelar as diferentes alternativas curriculares vividas pela licenciatura desde a fundação da Universidade em 1934 até 2012. Para tanto, foram selecionados como fontes de pesquisa anuários, guias, processos internos e atas da Comissão de Graduação da Faculdade de Educação, porque estes documentos fornecem dados sobre o currículo oficial da disciplina.
Alteridades urbanas e dupla contextualização o exemplo dos bairros de Wazemmes em Lille (França) e de Iracema em Fortaleza (Brasil)
Authors: Hammouche Abdlehafid
Published: April 2016

Este artigo ocupa-se das dinâmicas urbanas de dois  bairros, um em Lille, o outro  em  Fortaleza e é baseado numa investigação levada a cabo desde 2011. O objetivo  é contribuir, através de uma  dupla contextualização, para  a compreensão dos  processos através dos  quais estes  lugares anteriormente  desqualificados ou  classificados como “sensíveis” se tornam lugares valorizados. A perspectiva é captar o mais  minuciosamente possível o uso  político e social  da cultura enquanto suporte, quando a ação pública assume a vocação de melhorar o viver  em  comunidade, partindo da  hipótese de  que  o embeleza- mento desses espaços urbanos condiciona, na prática, as relações de alteridade. A primeira parte  mostra como o bairro  de Lille se transfor- ma fisicamente e sobretudo como se multiplicam as iniciativas cultu- rais.  A parte  seguinte analisa as relações de alteridade nesse  tipo  de contexto a partir, por  um  lado,  de observações e, por  outro  lado,  de entrevistas concebidas para  ter  em  conta  as trajetórias das  pessoas, com  a finalidade de questionar a construção social,  a gestão  pública e a eventual reconsideração da alteridade. Na última parte, a análise é enriquecida pelo  paralelismo parcial estabelecido com  a dinâmica do bairro  brasileiro que conhece igualmente mudanças significativas.
A ética em pesquisa nas ciências humanas e o imperialismo bioético no Brasil
Authors: Duarte Luiz Fernando Dias
Published: April 2016

A tensão desencadeada no Brasil desde 1996 pela pretensão do Conselho Nacional de Saúde de controlar a ética  em pesquisa também nas  ciências humanas e sociais, além  das  biomédicas que  lhe  incumbia acompanhar por  força  da  legislação, é mais uma  cena de combate entre  esses dois conjuntos de saberes que se opõem  desde o surgimento das  primeiras ciências “morais” ou  “do  espírito”, no  século XIX – aprofundando o confronto entre  os  saberes herdeiros do  fisicalismo iluminista e os  que emergiram no  bojo  da  reação  filosófica romântica. É útil  para a compreensão do enfrentamento atual  conhecer os fios histó- ricos  desse  processo e as estruturas ideológicas (teórico-metodológicas) que  o animam, particularmente os da  emergente e ambiciosa bioética – que  inspira diretamente as regulamenta- ções  atuais do  CNS  e o sistema CEP/Conep  de  avaliação das pesquisas “envolvendo seres  humanos”.
Ética e regramento em pesquisa nas ciências humanas e sociais
Authors: Schmidt Maria Luisa Sandoval
Published: April 2016

O artigo  analisa concepções em que se sustentam propostas de regu- lamentação da  ética  em  pesquisa a partir da  perspectiva biomédica e alguns de seus  desdobramentos e conflitos no campo das  ciências humanas e sociais. O material analisado consiste de um conjunto de documentos produzidos na esteira ou em resposta às resoluções CSN 196/96  e CSN 466/12,  que  regulamentam a ética  em pesquisa cientí- fica no  Brasil.  A análise aponta a centralidade do conceito de  risco na  arquitetura regulatória; antagonismos quanto à existência de um único marco  regulatório; combate ideológico em  torno  de dispositi- vos  de  avaliação e controle da  atividade de  pesquisa; denúncia da hegemonia biomédica na condução das ações reguladoras: elementos destacados, entre  outros, no campo de debates e disputas instaurado pelas  resoluções citadas.
Ética na pesquisa social: novos impasses burocráticos e paroquiais
Authors: Zaluar Alba
Published: April 2016

O artigo analisa o conflito entre  as áreas biomédicas e de ciências huma- nas para constituir comitês de ética na pesquisa e suas normas. Por recu- sar que pesquisas na sua área ficassem subordinadas à lógica biomédica, o Grupo de Trabalho da Resolução sobre Pesquisas em Ciências Humanas e Sociais (GT-CHS) propôs diferentes formas de consentimento livre e es- clarecido, conforme a autonomia do sujeito pesquisado, e listou casos em que o consentimento ou o seu registro não se faziam necessários. Todas as sugestões foram recusadas pela Comissão Nacional de Ética em Pesquisa (Conep) porque não caberia ao GT criar normas, mas complementar a re- solução já aprovada. Essa recusa é discutida segundo: a discrepância en- tre pesquisas em seres humanos e com seres humanos; a distinção entre a intervenção médica no corpo  de um indivíduo e o caráter interacional da pesquisa social,  e seus  díspares agravos;  a diferença entre  a filosofia individualista da intimidade e a filosofia  relacional e coletiva; os efeitos de poder do conflito de interesses entre a Conep e do GT CHS – interesses paroquiais, mais do que públicos.
A ética em pesquisa com seres humanos: desafios e novas questões
Authors: Grisotti Márcia
Published: April 2016

Nesse artigo, procura-se analisar os desafios e novas  questões origina- das na aplicação, em ciências humanas e sociais, dos dispositivos de regulação ética  na pesquisa com  seres  humanos. Em primeiro lugar, problematiza-se a universalidade do termo  ‘ética’ e suas  consequên- cias para  a pesquisa; em segundo, contextualiza-se o debate sobre  os processos sob os quais  a ciência constrói os objetos  do conhecimento e ressaltam-se os fatores  internos e externos envolvidos na produção dos fatos científicos, tanto  no momento de sua descoberta quanto no de sua justificação, aos quais  se aplicam os procedimentos éticos;  em terceiro, exploram-se, através de algumas experiências de pesquisas em ciências sociais, os limites e os impasses para  seguir  o protocolo tal  como  concebido pela  Comissão Nacional de  Ética  em  Pesquisa (Conep)
Nivel de conocimientos sobre depresión mayor en médicos de atención primaria en Lambayeque, Perú, 2014.
Authors: Leonardo Olivera Wilder Alexander , Villalobos Aguinaga María Alejandra , León Jiménez Franco Ernesto
Published: April 2016

Objetivos: Evaluar los conocimientos sobre diagnóstico y tratamiento del trastorno depresivo mayor en médicos de atención primaria de la provincia de Chiclayo y determinar su asociación con características sociodemográficas. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal con análisis exploratorio de datos. Se realizó un muestreo tipo censal. Se evaluaron a 111 médicos de atención primaria, mediante un instrumento validado, unidimensional, basado en los criterios diagnósticos del DSM-IV para el trastorno depresivo mayor. El análisis univariado y bivariado se realizó con el programa estadístico STATA v. 11.1. Resultados: El nivel de conocimientos fue medio en 18 (16,2%) médicos de atención primaria; y bajo, en 93 (83,8%). Ninguno tuvo un nivel de conocimientos alto. Solo 23 (20,7%) recibieron actualización en salud mental en los últimos 4 años. No se encontró asociación entre el nivel de conocimientos y las variables sociodemográficas. Conclusiones: El nivel de conocimientos en depresión mayor de los médicos de atención primaria de la provincia de Chiclayo fue deficiente. Este hallazgo, sin embargo, no parece estar asociado con las características sociodemográficas de la muestra utilizada.
Síndrome de burnout en internos de medicina del Perú: ¿es un problema muy prevalente?
Authors: Suca-Saavedra Ronald , López-Huamanrayme Eddy
Published: April 2016

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A CANOA MONÓXILA PRÉ-HISTÓRICA DA LAGOA DE EXTREMOZ, RN, BRASIL
Authors: Rios Carlos , Lavalle Henry , Lins Marcelo , Santos Junior Valdeci
Published: April 2016

Canoa monóxila é o nome dado às embarcações primitivas ou remanescentes confeccionadas com um único tronco de árvore. Elas são encontradas em quase todos os continentes. Dos anos 1990 em diante, quatro canoas monóxilas foram encontradas na Lagoa de Extremoz, RN, Brasil. O Departamento de Arqueologia da UFPE efetuou o levantamento planimétrico e imagético delas e as submeteu à datação pela técnica do Carbono 14. O resultado das análises apontou que uma das canoas é do período Pré-histórico (700 ± 30 BP). O presente trabalho classifica, morfologicamente, essa canoa segundo a tipologia de Arnold, descreve detalhes construtivos navais e suas relações com o ambiente aquático, bem como se reveste de importância como possível referencial cronológico para a mais antiga canoa indígena pré-histórica de águas abrigadas do Brasil. ABSTRACTDugout canoe is the name given to primitive or remaining canoes made from a single tree trunk. They are found in almost every continent. 1990`s onwards four canoes were found in Extremoz Lagoon, RN, Brazil. The Department of Archaeology at the UFPE made the planimetric and imagetic studding them and underwent dating by the technique of C-14. The results of the analysis showed that one of the canoes is the prehistoric period (700 ± 30 BP). This paper classifies morphologically this artifact according to Arnold typology, describes naval construction details and their relationships with the aquatic environment and its importance as a possible chronological reference as the oldest prehistoric Indian canoe in sheltered waters in Brazil.Keywords: Dugout canoe; dating; Extremoz - RN.
ESTUDO DE CASO SOBRE INDICADORES BIOARQUEOLÓGICOS DE PRÁTICAS MORTUÁRIAS COMPLEXAS EM ESQUELETO HUMANO COLETADO NO ABRIGO PEDRA DO CACHORRO, BUÍQUE, PE
Authors: Solari Ana , Silva Sergio Francisco Serafim Monteiro da , Di Mello Sabrina
Published: April 2016

Este artigo apresenta os primeiros resultados sobre a observação macroscópica de indicadores bioarqueológicos das práticas mortuárias complexas, em um esqueleto humano que foi coletado assistematicamente no abrigo Pedra do Cachorro, Buíque - PE e encaminhado pelo Iphan-PE ao Departamento de Arqueologia da UFPE. Durante a análise laboratorial, foram identificadas marcas perimortem de manipulação intencional — cortes, fraturas e golpes — potencialmente vinculadas por exemplo a contextos funerários ou extra-funerários relacionados ao canibalismo, práticas de sepultamento secundário com descarnamento ativo ou redução do cadáver ou morte violenta. Essas práticas foram sugeridas como hipóteses preliminares, até que sejam realizadas escavações arqueológicas sistemáticas no local e recuperadas informações sobre o contexto arqueológico da deposição mortuária em estudo. ABSTRACTA human skeleton that was emerging in surface of Pedra do Cachorro, Buíque - PE rock shelter, was recovered in nonsystematic way and for intervention of Iphan-PE was sent to custody to the Department of Archaeology at UFPE. A bioarchaeological analysis showed the presence of several perimortem marks of intentional manipulation (cuts, fractures and blows) potentially linked to a series of complex mortuary practices (cannibalism, secondary burial practices with active defleshing, violent death), suggested as preliminary hypotheses to be tested, until doing systematic excavations at the site.Keywords: Bioarchaeology; complex mortuary practices; Pedra do Cachorro; Pernambuco.
Limited Irrigation of Corn‐Based No‐Till Crop Rotations in West Central Great Plains
Authors: Schlegel Alan J. , Assefa Yared , Dumler Troy J. , Haag Lucas A. , Stone Loyd R. , Halvorson Ardell D. , Thompson Curtis R.
Published: April 2016

Identifying the most profitable crop rotation for an area is a continuous research challenge. The objective of this study was to evaluate 2‐, 3‐, and 4‐yr limited irrigation corn (Zea mays L.)‐based crop rotations for grain yield, available soil water, crop water productivity, and profitability in comparison with 1 yr continuous corn (CC). A field study was conducted from 2001 through 2010 on a deep silt loam soil near Tribune, KS. The study consisted of four crop rotations, that is, CC, corn–winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (C–W), corn–winter wheat–grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) (C–W–Gs), and corn–winter wheat–grain–sorghum–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (C–W–Gs–Sb) with irrigation limited to 254 mm annually. Grain yield of corn from the CC rotation was significantly lower, on average by 2.5 Mg ha−1, than corn yield from the other three rotations mainly due to difference in irrigation level. However, the mean yield of CC over one cycle of rotation [∼10.2 Mg (ha rotation‐cycle)−1] was significantly greater than mean corn equivalent grain yield of the other three rotations over one cycle of each rotation. Seasonal soil water usage from upper depths of the soil profile was significantly greater for CC. In this study, average crop water productivity [16.6 kg (mm ha)−1] and profitability of the CC rotation were also greater than in the other rotations. In selecting profitable rotations, producers should consider crop yield potential and value in addition to resilience.

Core Ideas

This research compares four corn‐based rotations from yield, resource use, and impact on environment which are crucial to cropping decision and consulting

Second it addresses an area of limited water irrigation condition in which research outputs are rare. Dryland and irrigated conditions are relatively well covered, but cropping decision when there is resource which is more than dryland but less than full irrigation is not well addressed. This research result contributes to that.

Third, this research is based on long‐term data that address yield of major crops (corn, wheat, sorghum, and soybean) and water use of these crops at every 30 cm of rooting depth. This information will continuously be used by researchers looking for such a data for modeling and other purposes.
Path Analyses of Grain P, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Ni in a Biosolids‐Amended Dryland Wheat Agroecosystem
Authors: Barbarick Kenneth A. , Ippolito James A. , McDaniel Jacob P.
Published: April 2016

Land application of biosolids is an effective means of recycling plant nutrients and is the primary method of biosolids reuse endorsed by the USEPA. One issue concerning biosolids application is the extent of the contribution of biosolids‐borne plant nutrients to the overall crop concentration and uptake or removal of these nutrients. We studied the effects of biosolids application on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain P, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Ni concentrations and uptake (removal) at two dryland agroecosystem sites from 1993 to 2014. We hypothesized that biosolids would have the greatest impact on wheat grain and uptake compared with ammonium bicarbonate–diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (AB‐DTPA)‐extractable nutrient levels, soil pH, or soil organic C concentrations. We used path analyses in combination with multiple linear regression to differentiate the direct, indirect, and total effects of cumulative biosolids applications, soil AB‐DTPA, soil pH, and organic C. Biosolids rates, applied biennially from 1993 to 2014 at the beginning of a wheat–fallow rotation, were 0, 2.24, 4.48, 6.72, 8.96, and 11.2 Mg ha−1. None of the parameters had significant direct, indirect, or total effects on grain concentrations. Biosolids applications had the greatest positive direct impact compared with AB‐DTPA levels, soil pH, or soil organic C on P, Zn, Fe, and Ni uptake (removal), whereas AB‐DTPA had the greatest positive direct impact on Cu uptake. Soil AB‐DTPA, pH, and organic C directly affected some grain concentrations and cumulative uptake, but no consistent trends were noted. This pathway approach allowed differentiation between causation and simple correlation for the effects of cumulative biosolids applications on wheat P, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Ni cumulative uptake but did not provide these same results for grain concentrations.

Core Ideas

Path analysis identifies nutrient source in biosolids‐amended winter wheat.

Cumulative biosolids applications affect P, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Ni grain removal.

Cumulative biosolids applications did not affect P, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Ni grain concentrations.
Evaluation of Egyptian Clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) Germplasm through Redundancy Analysis for Forage Yield and Its Components
Authors: Javed Sidique , Rauf Saeed , Paderewski Jakub , Malinowski Dariusz P. , Saleem Usman , Shahzad Muhammad
Published: April 2016

Presence of adequate variation is known to be a prerequisite for genetic improvement of a crop species. Experiments were performed in lysimeters to characterize 29 accessions of Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) for forage yield and contributing traits through redundancy analysis. Germplasm was also subjected to growth analysis. Correlation analysis showed positive relationships of seedling traits such as emergence percentage, emergence speed, and seedling vigor index with total forage yield. Green leaf area index estimated by the Image Analysis technique at various growth intervals was also positively correlated with forage yield. Redundancy analysis was performed to group accessions on the basis of similar forage yield and seedling traits. Accessions in Group GI had the highest emergence percentage, emergence speed, and seedling vigor. These accessions produced high forage yield, but a low growth rate throughout the growth cycle. Schwarz's Bayesian criterion was used to predict forage yield production through growth analysis. Results indicated that growth rate of the plants 21 d after first harvest was the best predictor of forage yield at the second harvest. A high green leaf area index had positive effects on forage yield at the second harvest, while relative or absolute growth rate 21 d after the first harvest had a negative impact on the fresh forage yield at the second harvest. These results show an overall trend of accessions to accumulate high biomass through high population density.
Development and Validation of Red Root Marker‐Based Haploid Inducers in Maize
Authors: Chaikam Vijay , Martinez Leocadio , Melchinger Albrecht E. , Schipprack Wolfgang , Boddupalli Prasanna M.
Published: April 2016

One of the critical limitations for the in vivo production of doubled haploid (DH) lines in maize (Zea mays L.) is the inability to effectively identify haploids in a significant proportion of induction crosses due to the possibility of complete or partial inhibition of the currently used R1‐nj (Navajo) color marker. In this study, we demonstrate that the R1‐nj marker could result in a high proportion of false positives among the haploids identified, besides being ineffective in germplasm with natural anthocyanin expression in pericarp tissue. To address these limitations, we developed haploid inducer lines with triple anthocyanin color markers, including the expression of anthocyanin coloration in the seedling roots and leaf sheaths, in addition to the Navajo marker on the seed. Although these inducers show acceptable haploid induction rates ranging from 8.6 to 10.2%, they exhibited relatively poor agronomic performance compared with tropicalized haploid inducers within tropical environments. The addition of the red root marker more accurately identified haploids among the germinating seedlings, including four tropical inbred lines and eight breeding populations that showed complete inhibition of R1‐nj. We also demonstrate that the red root marker can be used for haploid identification in germplasm with natural anthocyanin expression in the pericarp. A survey of 546 tropical inbreds and 244 landraces showed that anthocyanin accumulation in the roots of germinating seedlings is very rare compared with anthocyanin accumulation in the seed and leaf sheath tissues. As a result, the red root marker can serve as a highly complementary marker to R1‐nj to enable effective identification of haploids within a wide range of tropical maize germplasm.
Spatial and temporal variation of fecal indicator organisms in two creeks in Beltsville, Maryland
Authors: Stocker M. D. , Rodriguez-Valentín J. G. , Pachepsky Y. A. , Shelton D. R.
Published: April 2016

Evaluation of microbial water quality is commonly based on monitoring populations of fecal indicator organisms (FIO) such as Escherichia coli (EC) and enterococci (ENT). The occurrence of elevated FIO concentrations in surface waters after storm events is well documented and has been attributed to runoff and sediment resuspension. The reasons for FIO concentration variation under baseflow conditions are less clear. The objective of this study was to quantify the variability of EC and ENT in two small streams running through agricultural land use areas. FIO concentrations were measured at upstream and downstream locations under baseflow conditions. Concentrations were not significantly different along cross-sections of the streams. Diurnal concentration trends were observed at each of the sampling locations. Significant differences in concentrations between upstream and downstream locations were noted for both creeks during baseflow periods when no runoff or sediment resuspension occurred. A hypothetical explanation is that indicator organisms are released from sediments during baseflow conditions due to the effect of groundwater influx into streams or due to the motility of indicator organisms. If confirmed, this hypothesis may affect our understanding of the role of sediments in the microbial quality of surface waters.
Extraction of heavy metals from aqueous solutions in a modified rotating disc extractor
Authors: Amer B. A. , Abdel-Aziz M. H. , El-Ashtoukhy E.-S. Z. , Amin N. K.
Published: April 2016

Extraction of Cu+2 from dilute aqueous solutions as a case study by liquid cation exchanger in a modified rotating disc extractor was studied. The liquid cation exchanger consisted of naphthenic acid dissolved in an inert carrier kerosene. Variables studied were: initial concentration of Cu+2, disc rotational speed, concentration of naphthenic acid, flow rates of continuous and dispersed phase, degree of roughness, and number of rotating discs. The rate of extraction increased with increasing rotational speed, concentration of naphthenic acid, flow rate of dispersed phase, degree of roughness and number of discs to a certain number, while increasing Cu+2 concentration and flow rate of continuous phase decreased the rate of extraction. All variables were correlated by the dimensionless mass transfer equation. Possible practical applications of the present data in treating aqueous waste from different sources such as petrochemical industries, electroplating, and hydrometallurgical processes was highlighted.
Testing and developing energy harvester systems for operation of energy-self-sufficient measurement and control units in drinking water supply
Authors: Rödel S. , Krätzig T. , Meyer L.
Published: April 2016

In recent years, wireless measurement and control units have become more popular for monitoring water distribution systems in the drinking water supply. Electric power supply for a higher number of devices through fixed connections to the public electrical grid is technically complex and requires large investments. Powering monitoring devices, which are installed in areas where electrical power supply is lacking, is difficult and considerably increases personnel and operational costs due to frequent battery changes. In such cases, harvesting energy from the water distribution systems or the environment would be an attractive option. In this work, an energy-self-sufficient system has been developed to solve these problems. The system transforms, by use of an energy harvester, the kinetic and hydraulic energy of water flow in a pipeline to electrical energy, stores this energy, and uses it via a micro-controller unit for measurements and wireless data transmission to a central server.
Water–energy nexus in houses in Brazil: comparing rainwater and gray water use with a centralized system
Authors: Vieira A. S. , Ghisi E.
Published: April 2016

The objective of this paper is to assess the potential for energy savings in water and sewerage services by means of on-site integrated water and sewage management strategies in low-income households in Florianópolis, Brazil. The on-site water efficiency measures include reclamation of gray water and rainwater use. The water and energy saving potential of both strategies were studied, and their energy intensities were compared to centralized water and sewerage services. Furthermore, the water consumption pattern for 10 low-income households was empirically determined using smart meters; the rainwater supply was estimated by using the computer program Netuno 4.0; and the water supply and sewage reduction potential of gray water systems were determined using a theoretical method. On average, the gray water and rainwater supply capacities were equivalent to 24% and 43% of the total water consumption of households, respectively. In regard to energy savings, rainwater harvesting was the most energy intensive strategy (0.86 kWh/m³), followed by centralized systems (0.84 kWh/m³); whereas, gray water was the most energy efficient strategy (0.54 kWh/m³). The findings suggest that alternative water and sewerage services may promote energy savings in comparison with centralized ones only when a concomitant reduction in sewage production is achieved.
Determining the optimal year-end water level of a multi-year regulating storage reservoir: a case study
Authors: Wang Jinlong , Huang Weibin , Ma Guangwen , Wang Yuhua
Published: April 2016

An operational model that analyzes the relationship between annual energy output and year-end stored energy of a reservoir system was developed and used for determining the optimal year-end water level of a multi-year regulating storage reservoir. The model accounts for the capacity benefit of a multi-annual storage plant and was validated using the case of the Longyangxia reservoir in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, China. The critical elements for determining the optimal year-end water level for multi-year regulating storage reservoirs were revealed through analysis of the impacts of runoff and year-start water level on year-end water level. Simulated operational results from the model were compared with practical operational results for the Longyangxia reservoir system from 1990–2012. A comparison shows that the operating mode for Longyangxia reservoir (after 2006) achieved significant improvement versus before 2006, in making the reservoir run at a higher water level and increasing benefits. In addition, our study indicates that the model can be effectively used for multi-year regulating storage reservoir operation.
Assessing the potential use of abandoned mining pools as an alternative resource of raw water supply
Authors: Kusin Faradiella Mohd , Zahar Mohd Syakirin Md , Muhammad Siti Nurjaliah , Zin Zafira Md , Sharif Sharifah Mohd
Published: April 2016

The water crisis in the state of Selangor has prompted the state water authority to use water from abandoned mining pools as an alternative resource of raw water supply. In this study, the potential use of the mining pool water has been assessed to evaluate its safe use for potable water consumption, which is the source of raw water to be supplied to water treatment plants. Assessments were made between sampling sites that include abandoned mining pools, active sand mining pools, and the receiving streams (two tributaries and the main river, Selangor River) within Bestari Jaya catchment, Selangor River Basin. As anticipated, some concentrations of metals were found in the active mining pool and in its discharge, such as iron, manganese, lead, copper and zinc. However, the trace elements were found at very low concentrations or below detection limits in the abandoned mining pools and in the rivers. It was found that generally the quality of the water in the rivers (upstream of water intake of the water treatment plants) was well below the recommended guideline limits set out by the Malaysia Ministry of Health for untreated raw water, and therefore is safe for potable water use.
Decision support system for the long-term city metabolism planning problem
Authors: Morley M. S. , Vitorino D. , Behzadian K. , Ugarelli R. , Kapelan Z. , Coelho S. T. , Do Céu Almeida M.
Published: April 2016

A decision support system (DSS) tool for the assessment of intervention strategies (Alternatives) in an urban water system (UWS) with an integral simulation model called ‘WaterMet2’ is presented. The DSS permits the user to identify one or more optimal Alternatives over a fixed long-term planning horizon using performance metrics mapped to the TRUST sustainability criteria. The DSS exposes lists of in-built intervention options and system performance metrics for the user to compose new Alternatives. The quantitative metrics are calculated by the WaterMet2 model, and further qualitative or user-defined metrics may be specified by the user or by external tools feeding into the DSS. A multi-criteria decision analysis approach is employed within the DSS to compare the defined Alternatives and to rank them with respect to a pre-specified weighting scheme for different Scenarios. Two rich, interactive graphical user interfaces, one desktop and one web-based, are employed to assist with guiding the end user through the stages of defining the problem, evaluating and ranking Alternatives. This mechanism provides a useful tool for decision makers to compare different strategies for the planning of UWS with respect to multiple Scenarios. The efficacy of the DSS is demonstrated on a northern European case study inspired by a real-life UWS for a mixture of quantitative and qualitative criteria. The results demonstrate how the DSS, integrated with an UWS modelling approach, can be used to assist planners in meeting their long-term, strategic-level sustainability objectives.
Production of biogas by SCF technology
Authors: Knez-Hrncic Masa , Skerget Mojca , Knez Zeljko
Published: April 2016

Hydrogen is expected to become an important fuel in the long-term since in
combination with fuel cells it offers the opportunity of an intrinsically
clean energy supply. By application of supercritical water gasification
(SCWG) concept, sustainable hydrogen can be produced from biomass and waste.
The paper offers an overview of some recently published papers dealing with
SCWG of model compounds and a summary of the investigations on SCWG of real
agricultural and food processing wastes. In the frame of our work an intense
research was performed to support analyses of SCWG of glycerol and was
supported by the investigation of phase equilibrium for the systems gas/water
and gas mixtures/water. When glycerol/water solutions were directly injected
in the reactor operating at supercritical conditions, gases with high C2+
were obtained by the reforming in supercritical water unit. To reduce the
hydrocarbon concentrations and to obtain a syngas with higher CO/CO2 ratios
from a mixture of gases (H2, CO, CO2 and CH4), catalytic reactions at high
pressure and temperature were introduced reflecting in an increase of the
content of H2 and CO. Solubility measurements were conducted for the binary
systems of gas and water at elevated pressures and temperatures.
Introduction
Authors: Haywood Chris , Mac an Ghaill Máirtín , Allan Jonathan A.
Published: April 2016

The re-publication of Christine Hoff Sommers’s book on the War Against Boys (2000, 2013) continues to feed into a widely circulating premise that feminist inspired pedagogical strategies are having a detrimental effect on boys’ experience of education. It resonates with a UK newspaper article whose author asked: “Why do women teachers like me treat being a boy as an illness?” (Child 2010). In the late 1990s, Sara Delamont had already highlighted how the media targeted feminists for the failure of boys, where “school and classroom regimes … favour females and feminine values; a lack of academic/scholarly male role models for boys, a bias in favour of feminism in curricula, a lack of toughness in discipline, and a rejection of competition in academic or sporting matters” (1999: 14).
Hegemonic Masculinities and Heteronormativities in Contemporary Books on Fathering and Raising Boys
Authors: Hunter Sarah C. , Riggs Damien W.
Published: April 2016

Books published on fathering and raising boys are becoming increasingly popular. These books claim simply to describe boys and fathers. However we suggest that they make only specific identities available. We make this suggestion on the basis of a critical analysis of six books published since an initial study by Riggs (2008). In this article we extend Riggs’s analysis by identifying how the books analyzed draw upon hegemonic masculine ideals in constructing boys’ and fathers’ identities. The analysis also suggests that biological essentialism is used to justify the identities constructed. Five specific implications are drawn from the findings, focusing on understandings of males as well as females, the uptake of dominant modes of talking about males, and the ramifications of biological essentialism. The findings emphasize the need to pay ongoing attention to popular parenting books since, rather than offering improved strategies for raising boys, these books present assertions of what boys and fathers should be.
Raising Boys in an Anxious Age
Authors: Vacante Jeffery
Published: April 2016

Christopher J. Greig. 2014. Ontario Boys: Masculinity and the Idea of Boyhood in Postwar Ontario, 1945-1960. Waterloo, ON: Wilfrid Laurier University Press. Xxviii+182 pp. ISBN: 978-1-55458-900-5
Introduction
Authors: Shary Timothy
Published: April 2016

These are ripe times to study boyhood in cinema. Even though male characters have undoubtedly dominated cinema roles from the start, boys’ stories have not been consistently produced or appreciated. Since the publication of Where the Boys Are: Cinemas of Masculinity and Youth, a collection edited by Murray Pomerance and Frances Gateward in 2005, there has been increasing academic interest in boyhood representation through movies, as demonstrated by the articles collected here. This interest follows the expansive concerns of pop psychology texts at the turn of the century that took up the political and emotional consequences of boys’ behavior, such as Real Boys: Rescuing Our Sons from the Myths of Boyhood by William Pollack (1999), Raising Cain: Protecting the Emotional Life of Boys by Dan Kindlon and Michael Thompson (2000), and The War Against Boys: How Misguided Feminism is Harming Our Young Men by Christina Hoff Sommers (2001).As is evident in their titles, this research joined the chorus of a prevailing masculinity in crisis theme that has permeated gender studies in recent years: boys have been troubled by the pressures of patriarchy, the demands of feminism, and the culture of capitalism, and thus are in need of rescue and protection from these influences.
The Once and Future King
Authors: Barnett Katie
Published: April 2016

On the cinema screen, boyhood has often been depicted as a period of freedom, rebellion, and energy, a pre-cursor to manhood in which young boys are able to negotiate their identity and place within the world. In 1990s Hollywood, however, a wave of films turn to depicting the death of young boys on screen. As a result, boyhood becomes a site of vulnerability and weakness. This article seeks to examine the implications of these deaths, framing them within the context of a wider negotiation of masculinity and fatherhood politics. In addition, it questions the extent to which the deaths of these young boys can be read queerly, subverting the drive towards the future inherent in the figure of the child.
Transing Normative Boyhood Masculinity in Alain Berliner’s Ma Vie en Rose
Authors: Yep Gust A. , Russo Sage E. , Lescure Ryan M.
Published: April 2016

Offering a captivating exploration of seven-year-old Ludovic Fabre’s struggle against cultural expectations of normative boyhood masculinity, Alain Berliner’s blockbuster Ma Vie en Rose exposes the ways in which current sex and gender systems operate in cinematic representations of nonconforming gender identities. Using transing as our theoretical framework to investigate how gender is assembled and reassembled in and across other social categories such as age, we engage in a close reading of the film with a focus on Ludovic’s gender performance. Our analysis reveals three distinct but interrelated discourses—construction, correction, and narration—as the protagonist and Ludovic’s family and larger social circle attempt to work with, through, and against transgression of normative boyhood masculinity. We conclude by exploring the implications of transing boyhood gender performances.
How Ranch Schools Modernized Elite American Childhood
Authors: Anuik Jonathan
Published: April 2016

Melissa Bingmann. 2015. Prep School Cowboys: Ranch Schools in the American West.
Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. 256 pp. ISBN 978-0826355430
Boys Need Boy Education
Authors: Crott Angela J.M. , Schurgers Fabian
Published: April 2016

Christina Hoff Sommers. 2013. The War Against Boys: How Misguided Policies Are Harming Our Young Men. New and revised ed. New York: Simon & Schuster. 288 pp. ISBN: 9781451644180 (hb), 9781501125423 (pb, published 2015) 9781439126585 (e-bk)
Opening Up a Dialogue about the Boy Code
Authors: Kokozos Michael , Gross Nora
Published: April 2016

Deirdre Fishel (dir). 2012. The Boy Game. [videorecording]. [Harriman, NY]: New Day Films. Mind’s Eye Productions. 16 min.

Steven Brion-Meisels and Maura Clarke. The Boy Game: A Look at Bullying Through the Lens of Masculine Gender Norms. A Study Guide to Accompany the Film. N.d., PDF, 65 pp.
Effect of molding helmets on intracranial pressure and head shape in nonsurgically treated sagittal craniosynostosis patients
Authors: Marupudi Neena I. , Sood Sandeep , Rozzelle Arlene , Ham Steven D.
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE

Cranial vault expansion is performed in pediatric patients with craniosynostosis to improve head shape. Another argument for performing total cranial vault reconstruction is the potential reduction in the harmful effects of elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) that are associated with craniosynostosis. Alternatively, molding helmets have been shown to improve the cranial index (CI) in patients with sagittal synostosis without surgery. However, it is unknown if the use of molding helmets without surgery contributes to adverse changes in ICP. The effect of molding helmets on ICP and CI in patients with sagittal synostosis was investigated.

METHODS

A prospective cohort study of 24 pediatric patients with sagittal synostosis who planned to undergo total cranial reconstruction was performed from 2011 to 2014 at the Children's Hospital of Michigan. A preoperative molding helmet was used in 13 patients, and no molding helmet was used in 11 patients. End-tidal carbon dioxide, patient positioning, level of sedation, type of anesthetic, and the monitoring site at the time of intraoperative recording were regulated and standardized to establish the accuracy of the ICP readings. CI and head circumference were monitored for each patient.

RESULTS

The mean duration of the preoperative use of the molding helmet was 17 weeks (range 7–37 weeks). Under controlled settings, the average intraoperative ICP was 7.2 mm Hg (range 2–18 mm Hg) for patients treated with a preoperative molding helmet and 9.5 mm Hg (range 2–22 mm Hg) for patients with no preoperative molding helmet. ICP was not significantly different between the 2 groups, suggesting that the use of a molding helmet in this population is safe. The average CI at the time of helmet placement was 0.70 (range 0.67–0.73), and this improved to an average of 0.74 (range 0.69–0.79) after using the molding helmet for a mean of 17 weeks.

CONCLUSIONS

ICPs were not significantly different with the use of a preoperative molding helmet, refuting the prevailing thought that molding helmets would be detrimental in children who have craniosynostosis. The use of molding helmet in this population of patients improves head shape and does not adversely affect ICP.
Multicenter retrospective evaluation of the validity of the Thoracolumbar Injury Classification and Severity Score system in children
Authors: Sellin Jonathan N. , Steele William J. , Simpson Lauren , Huff Wei X. , Lane Brandon C. , Chern Joshua J. , Fulkerson Daniel H. , Sayama Christina M. , Jea Andrew
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE

The Thoracolumbar Injury Classification and Severity Score (TLICS) system was developed to streamline injury assessment and guide surgical decision making. To the best of the authors' knowledge, external validation in the pediatric age group has not been undertaken prior to this report.

METHODS

This study evaluated the use of the TLICS in a large retrospective series of children and adolescents treated at 4 pediatric medical centers (Texas Children's Hospital, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Riley Children's Hospital, and Doernbecher Children's Hospital). A total of 147 patients treated for traumatic thoracic or lumbar spine trauma between February 1, 2002, and September 1, 2015, were included in this study. Clinical and radiographic data were evaluated. Injuries were classified using American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) status, Denis classification, and TLICS.

RESULTS

A total of 102 patients (69%) were treated conservatively, and 45 patients (31%) were treated surgically. All patients but one in the conservative group were classified as ASIA E. In this group, 86/102 patients (84%) had Denis type compression injuries. The TLICS in the conservative group ranged from 1 to 10 (mean 1.6). Overall, 93% of patients matched TLICS conservative treatment recommendations (score ≤ 3). No patients crossed over to the surgical group in delayed fashion.

In the surgical group, 26/45 (58%) were ASIA E, whereas 19/45 (42%) had neurological deficits (ASIA A, B, C, or D). One of 45 (2%) patients was classified with Denis type compression injuries; 25/45 (56%) were classified with Denis type burst injuries; 14/45 (31%) were classified with Denis type seat belt injuries; and 5/45 (11%) were classified with Denis type fracture-dislocation injuries. The TLICS ranged from 2 to 10 (mean 6.4). Eighty-two percent of patients matched TLICS surgical treatment recommendations (score ≥ 5). No patients crossed over to the conservative management group. Eight patients (8/147, 5%) had a calculated TLICS of 4, which meant they were candidates for surgery or conservative therapy by TLICS criteria. Excluding these patients, the degree of agreement between TLICS and surgeon decision was deemed to be very good (κ = 0.878).

CONCLUSIONS

The TLICS results and recommendations matched treatment in 96% of conservative group cases. In the surgical group, TLICS recommendations matched treatment in 93% of cases. The TLICS recommendations and surgeon decision making displayed very good concordance. The TLICS appears to be effective in the classification of thoracic and lumbar spine injuries and in guiding treatment in the pediatric age group.
Spinal Adverse Events Severity System, version 2 (SAVES-V2): inter- and intraobserver reliability assessment
Authors: Rampersaud Y. Raja , Anderson Paul A. , Dimar John R. , Fisher Charles G. , _ _
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE

Reporting of adverse events (AEs) in spinal surgery uses inconsistent definitions and severity grading, making it difficult to compare results between studies. The Spinal Adverse Events Severity System, version 2 (SAVES-V2) aims to standardize the classification of spine surgery AEs; however, its inter- and intraobserver reliability are unknown. The objective of this study was to assess inter- and intraobserver reliability of the SAVES-V2 grading system for assessing AEs in spinal surgery.

METHODS

Two multinational, multicenter surgical study groups assessed surgical case vignettes (10 trauma and 12 degenerative cases) for AE occurrence by using SAVES-V2. Thirty-four members of the Spine Trauma Study Group (STSG) and 17 members of the Degenerative Spine Study Group (DSSG) participated in the first round of case vignettes. Six months later, the same case vignettes were randomly reorganized and presented in an otherwise identical manner. Inter- and intraobserver agreement on the presence, severity, number, and type of AE, as well as the impact of the AE on length of stay (LOS) were assessed using intraclass correlation (ICC), Cohen's kappa value, and the percentage of participants in agreement.

RESULTS

Agreement on the presence of AEs ranged from 97% to 100% in the 2 groups. Severity classification showed substantial interobserver (ICC = 0.75 for both groups) and intraobserver (ICC = 0.70 in DSSG, 0.71 in STSG) agreement. Judgments on the number of AEs showed high interobserver agreement and moderate intraobserver agreement in both groups. Both the STSG and DSSG had high intraobserver agreement on the type of AE; interobserver agreement for AE type was high in the STSG and fair in the DSSG. Agreement on impact of the AE on LOS was excellent in the DSSG and fair in the STSG.

CONCLUSIONS

There was good agreement on the presence, severity, and number of AEs in both trauma and degenerative cases in using the SAVES-V2. This grading system is a simple, reliable tool for identifying and capturing AEs in spinal surgery.
Thoracic meningocele in lumbo-costo-vertebral syndrome in a child: possible enlargement with repeated motion by anchoring to the diaphragm
Authors: Wataya Takafumi , Horikawa Kyohei , Kitagawa Masashi , Tashiro Yuzuru
Published: April 2016

Lumbo-costo-vertebral syndrome (LCVS) is a rare disorder in children that is characterized by hemivertebrae, congenital absence of ribs, meningocele, and hypoplasia of the truncal and abdominal wall presenting as a congenital lumbar hernia. An otherwise healthy 12-month-old girl was referred to the authors' hospital with soft swelling on her left middle back; scoliosis had been present since birth. Imaging revealed a thoracic meningocele, ectopia of the spleen suggesting lumbar hernia, multiple anomalies of the thoracic vertebral columns, and defects of the ribs; thus, LCVS was diagnosed. Surgical observation revealed that the meningocele was firmly anchored to part of the diaphragm, which created stretching tension in the meningocele continuously with exhalation. Once detached, the meningocele shrank spontaneously and never developed again after cauterization. In this case, continuous or pulsatile pressure in the presence of a vertebral defect was thus considered to be an important factor for formation of the thoracic meningocele.
Endovascular management of a vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation in an infant with challenging femoral arterial access
Authors: Jagadeesan Bharathi D. , Zacharatos Haralabos , Nascene David R. , Grande Andrew W. , Guillaume Daniel J. , Tummala Ramachandra P.
Published: April 2016

A 5-month-old infant was to be treated with elective transarterial embolization for a vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM). A team of endovascular surgical neuroradiologists, pediatric interventional radiologists, and pediatric cardiologists attempted conventional femoral arterial access, which was unsuccessful given the small caliber of the femoral arteries and superimposed severe vasospasm. Thereafter, eventual arterial access was achieved by navigating from the venous to the arterial system across the patent foramen ovale following a right femoral venous access. Embolization was then successfully performed. At a later date, the child underwent successful transvenous balloon-assisted embolization and eventual arterial embolization with cure of the VGAM.