bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anoikis-related genes signature development for clear cell renal cell carcinoma prognosis and tumor microenvironment
Authors: Jiang Yinglei , Wang Ying , Wang Zhengyan , Zhang Yinzhen , Hou Yulong , Wang Xukai
Published: November 2023

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common primary malignancies of the urinary tract, highly heterogeneous, and increasing in incidence worldwide. Anoikis is a specific type of programmed cell death in which solid tumor cells or normal epithelial cells that do not have metastatic properties lose adhesion to the extracellular matrix or undergo inappropriate cell adhesion-induced apoptosis. Anoikis is thought to play a critical role in tumorigenesis, maintenance, and treatment, according to an increasing amount of research. However, there is still some uncertainty regarding the general impact of anoikis-related genes (ARGs) on the prognostic importance, tumor microenvironment characteristics, and treatment reaction of ccRCC patients. For this study, we used The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus datasets to access the RNA sequencing results and clinical information from ccRCC patients. 29 ARGs related to survival were found using differential analysis and univariate Cox regression analysis. The samples were then divided into two clusters that had different immune traits via unsupervised cluster analysis using 29 prognosis-associated differently expressed ARGs. Then, to build an ARGs signature, 7 genes (PLAU, EDA2R, AFP, PLG, TUBB3, APOBEC3G, and MALAT1) were found using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator regression analysis. The new ARGs signature demonstrated outstanding prognostic capability for ccRCC patients' overall survival. In conclusion, for ccRCC patients, we created an ARGs signature that strongly connects to immunological traits and therapy response. Clinicians may find this ARGs signature helpful in developing more individualized and detailed treatment strategies for ccRCC patients.
A mitochondrion-targeted fluorescent probe based on ESIPT phthalimide for the detection of Hg2+ with large Stokes shift
Authors: Ren Aishan , Yao Wenqin , Zhu Dongjian
Published: November 2023

1 is the first mitochondrion-targeted fluorescent probe based on ESIPT phthalimide for the detection of Hg2+ with large Stokes shift, rapid response, and high sensitivity and selectivity.
Method development for forensic oil identification by direct analysis in real time time-of-flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Tikkisetty Krishnaja , Filewood Taylor , Yan Jeffrey , Kwok Honoria , Brunswick Pamela , Cody Robert , Shang Dayue
Published: November 2023

In this study, direct analysis in real time time-of-flight mass spectrometry (DART/TOFMS) was used to successfully develop an efficient oil identification method.
Membraneless, self-powered immunosensing of a cardiac biomarker by exploiting a PEC platform based on CaBi2Ta2O9 combined with bismuth oxyiodides
Authors: Cerqueira Caldas Greicy Kelly , de Abreu Souza Guilherme , Silva de Menezes Alan , Ferreira Pereira Silma Regina , de Cássia Silva Luz Rita , Damos Flavio Santos
Published: November 2023

This work shows the potentiality of the self-powered immunosensing of the cTnI cardiac biomarker by exploiting a photoelectrochemical platform.
Comment on “CO2 as oxidant: an unusual light-assisted catalyst free oxidation of aldehydes to acids under mild conditions” by S. R. Khan, S. Saini, K. Naresh, A. Kumari, V. Aniya, P. K. Khatri, A. Ray and S. L. Jain, Chem. Commun., 2022, 58, 2208
Authors: Favre-Réguillon Alain
Published: November 2023

Experimental data supporting the claim that CO2 could be used as an oxidant for light-assisted oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids recently published by S. L. Jain et al., Chem. Commun., 2022, 58, 2208 could be mistrusted.
Aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active metallacycles with near-infrared emission for photodynamic therapy
Authors: Shen Qifei , Gao Kai , Zhao Zhiqin , Gao Anran , Xu Yanzi , Wang Heng , Meng Lingjie , Zhang Mingming , Dang Dongfeng
Published: November 2023

Multifunctional metallacycles with solid-state emission are highly important in cancer therapy.
Crystal engineering: from promise to delivery
Authors: Braga Dario
Published: November 2023

Twenty years ago, I wrote a Chem. Commun. feature article entitled “Crystal Engineering: where from? Where to?”: an update is in order.
Reply to the ‘Comment on “CO2 as oxidant: an unusual light-assisted catalyst free oxidation of aldehydes to acids under mild conditions”’ by S. R. Khan, S. Saini, K. Naresh, A. Kumari, V. Aniya, P. K. Khatri, A. Ray and S. L. Jain, Chem. Commun., 2022, 58, 2208
Authors: Khan Shafiur Rehman , Saini Sandhya , Naresh K. , Kumari Alka , Aniya Vineet , Khatri Praveen K , Ray Anjan , Jain Suman L
Published: November 2023

Our recent Communication (S. R. Khan et al., Chem. Commun., 2022, 58, 2208) suggested that CO2 can be used as a potential oxidant under light irradiation without using any catalyst for the oxidation of aldehydes to acids at room temperature.
Cerenkov radiation-mediated in situ activation of silicon nanocrystals for NIR optical imaging
Authors: Zhang Xun , Li Jingchao , Wang Tingting , Liu Nian , Su Xinhui
Published: November 2023

Cerenkov radiation from radiopharmaceuticals (18F-FDG) serves as an internal light source to excite UV-responsive silicon nanocrystals for near-infrared luminescence imaging that offers deeper tissue penetration and high signal-to-noise ratio.
Development of 3-triazenylaryne and its application to iterative aryne reactions via o-triazenylarylboronic acids
Authors: Ito Motoki , Takishima Yuta , Ishikawa Rinto , Kamimura Mao , Watanabe Hana , Konishi Takehiro , Higuchi Kazuhiro , Sugiyama Shigeo
Published: November 2023

A novel aryne species 3-triazenylaryne has been developed as a divergent platform for the generation of 3-alkynylaryne through o-triazenylarylboronic acids.
Kinetic enantio-recognition of chiral viologen guests by planar-chiral porphyrin cages
Authors: Gilissen Pieter J. , Duez Quentin , Tripodi Guilherme L. , Dekker Magda M. J. , Ouyang Jiangkun , Dhbaibi Kais , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Crassous Jeanne , Roithová Jana , Elemans Johannes A. A. W. , Nolte Roeland J. M.
Published: November 2023

The enantio-kinetic threading of chiral guests by chiral porphyrin hosts is determined by the planar chirality of the host and influenced by the size but not the chirality of the substituent X.
Ferromagnetically coupled CoII2LnIII2 complexes (where LnIII = Ho, Er, Yb): experimental and theoretical investigations
Authors: Ahmed Naushad , Sahu Prem Prakash
Published: November 2023

Ferromagnetically coupled {CoII2LnIII2} metal complexes (Ln = Ho3+, Er3+ and Yb3+) were isolated using a Schiff base ligand. Experimental and theoretical tools were used to investigate the overall magnetic behaviour of these complexes.
Theoretical study of protein adsorption on graphene/h-BN heterostructures
Authors: Lan Jun , Peng Yiran , Liang Lijun , Duan Xing , Kong Zhe , Zhang Li , Shen Jia-Wei
Published: November 2023

Rapid adsorption of three typical proteins with different structures on two-dimensional planar heterojunction GRA/h-BN. After adsorption, the single α-helix structure is destroyed, while the single β-sheet and mixed α/β structure can be preserved.
Bulk nanostructure of a deep eutectic solvent with an amphiphilic hydrogen bond donor
Authors: Wong Lucas N. , Imberti Silvia. , Warr Gregory G. , Atkin Rob.
Published: November 2023

Neutron diffraction with empirical potential structure refinement shows that the deep eutectic solvent 1 : 4 choline chloride : butyric acid is an amphiphilically nanostructured liquid.
The effect of thionation of the carbonyl group on the photophysics of compact spiro rhodamine-naphthalimide electron donor–acceptor dyads: intersystem crossing, charge separation, and electron spin dynamics
Authors: Xiao Xiao , Mu Tong , Sukhanov Andrey A. , Zhou Yihang , Yu Peiran , Yu Fabiao , Elmali Ayhan , Zhao Jianzhang , Karatay Ahmet , Voronkova Violeta K.
Published: November 2023

A long-lived charge transfer state (lifetime: 0.21 μs) was obtained in compact rhodamine-thionated naphthalimide electron donor–acceptor dyads via electron spin control.
Prominent electronic effect in iridium-alloy-skinned nickel nanoparticles boosts alkaline hydrogen electrocatalysis
Authors: Xu Jie , Wang Xuyan , Mao Xinnan , Feng Kun , Xu Jiabin , Zhong Jun , Wang Lu , Han Na , Li Yanguang
Published: November 2023

The prominent electronic effect between Ni and Ir in Ir-alloy-skinned Ni nanoparticles leads to excellent bifunctional HOR and HER activities in alkaline solution.
Recent progress of biomass in conventional wood adhesives: a review
Authors: Tian Wei , Wang Xiaoyi , Ye Yuhang , Wu Weijie , Wang Yuli , Jiang Shaohua , Wang Jiangbo , Han Xiaoshuai
Published: November 2023

Combining biomass with conventional petroleum-based adhesives to prepare wood adhesives with low cost, low formaldehyde, and good performance.
Construction of porphyrin-based photocatalyst comprising pyridinium ionic liquid moiety for the metal-free visible light-assisted N-arylation of amines: facile approach to afford drug intermediates
Authors: Mataghare Bhairav Chandroday , Bhagat Pundlik Rambhau
Published: November 2023

Novel additive-free protocol to afford pharmaceutical intermediates via C–N coupling in homemade photoreactor under the irradiation of 5 W LED light.
LipoParticles: a lipid membrane coating onto polymer particles to enhance the internalization in osteoblast cells
Authors: Vanneste Florian , Faure Allison , Varache Mathieu , Menendez-Miranda Mario , Dyon-Tafani Virginie , Dussurgey Sébastien , Errazuriz-Cerda Elisabeth , La Padula Veronica , Alcouffe Pierre , Carrière Marie , Gref Ruxandra , Laurent Frédéric , Josse Jérôme , Ladavière Catherine
Published: November 2023

LipoParticles, core–shell assemblies consisting of a polymer core coated by a lipid membrane, are promising carriers for drug delivery applications with intracellular targets.
Robust superhydrophobic silicone/epoxy functional coating with excellent chemical stability and self-cleaning ability
Authors: Huang Weidong , Jiang Xiaoli , Zhang Yagang , Tang Zhiqiang , Sun Zicai , Liu Zhijun , Zhao Lin , Liu Yanxia
Published: November 2023

This study reports on the design and synthesis of a highly transparent fluorinated silicone resin with low surface energy, and its application in the preparation of superhydrophobic coatings with remarkable self-cleaning and robust performance.
NMR proton relaxation for measuring the relative concentration of nanoparticles in liquids
Authors: Rahman Fahmida Khanom , Paton Keith R. , Hinchliffe Beth , Minelli Caterina , Pollard Andrew J. , Marchesini Sofia
Published: November 2023

The measurement of relative concentration of nanoparticles in liquids has been investigated using NMR proton relaxation, addressing a gap in analytical capabilities for highly concentrated dispersions.
Ring opening polymerization and copolymerization for polyester and polycarbonate formation by a diamino-bis(phenolate) chromium(iii) catalyst
Authors: Vos Cyler W. , Beament James , Kozak Christopher M.
Published: November 2023

Chromium catalyst performs controlled polymerization, copolymerization and terpolymerization of different monomers.
Structural features localizing the ferroptosis inhibitor GIF-2197-r to lysosomes
Authors: Hirata Yoko , Hashimoto Tomohiro , Ando Kaori , Kamatari Yuji O. , Takemori Hiroshi , Furuta Kyoji
Published: November 2023

Structural features of N,N-dimethylaniline derivatives as potent ferroptosis inhibitors:lysosomal localization and stabilization of ferrous ion complexation.
Electrocatalysis with molecules and molecular assemblies within gas diffusion electrodes
Authors: Bemana Hossein , McKee Morgan , Kornienko Nikolay
Published: November 2023

Molecular catalysts and their assemblies are important model systems in electrocatalysis at gas–liquid–solid interfaces.
Efficacy of a Supplemental Small-Group Early Literacy Intervention Implemented by Early Childhood Educators
Authors: Goldstein Howard , Peters-Sanders Lindsey A. , Madsen Keri M. , Williams Jeffrey M. , Drobisz Jack , Broome Elizabeth A. , Freda Susan , McKeever Lauren A. , Spencer Trina D.
Published: November 2023

Purpose:

Phonological awareness and alphabet knowledge are fundamental building blocks for literacy development. We identified preschoolers with persistent delays in these skills and evaluated the efficacy of a supplemental curriculum to remediate deficits in early literacy skills.

Method:

Using a cluster design, 21 classrooms were randomly assigned to early literacy versus language intervention conditions. Sixty children identified through fall semester assessments of phonological awareness and alphabet knowledge were enrolled in small-group instruction. Teachers completed eLearning modules, used a digital platform to enter data and facilitate data-based decision making, received practice-based coaching, and delivered 12 weekly units of an early literacy curriculum. Comparison teachers delivered similarly administered small-group language instruction.

Results:

Large effects were evident for letter sounds, phoneme segmentation, first sound, and first sound fluency measures (
d =
0.92, 4.77, 1.15, and 1.50, respectively), and nonsignificant, small effects for letter naming and blending measures (
d
= 0.26 and 0.27).

Discussion:

This early literacy intervention package had practical benefits, with 90% of experimental group preschoolers exceeding the phonemic awareness benchmark for beginning kindergarten compared to 45% in the comparison group, for example. Providing preschool teachers with tools and support for implementing a tiered approach to early literacy intervention holds promise for producing impressive gains in skills required for children to succeed in later schooling.
Recurrent ALBERT for recommendation: A hybrid architecture for accurate and lightweight restaurant recommendations
Authors: Keya Ashfia Jannat , Arpona Sayefa Arafah , Kabir Muhammad Mohsin , Mridha Muhammad Firoz
Published: November 2023

The online recommendation system has benefited the traditional restaurant business economically. However, finding the best restaurant during rush time and visiting new places is tough. This objective is addressed through a restaurant recommendation approach, which impacts the human decision‐making method. With the help of collaborative filtering, some user‐based recommendation systems were designed to generate the best recommendation based on user choices. Thus, a user preferences‐based method is presented using A Lite Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers and Simple Recurrent Unit to suggest restaurants based on user preferences. Here, a publicly available dataset from Kaggle called Kzomato is used with 9552 samples and 21 features. And the system obtained an F1‐score, precision, and recall of 86%, which will save time and provide the best recommendation based on user preferences easily.
A survey on weakly supervised 3D point cloud semantic segmentation
Authors: Wang Jingyi , Liu Yu , Tan Hanlin , Zhang Maojun
Published: November 2023

With the popularity and advancement of 3D point cloud data acquisition technologies and sensors, research into 3D point clouds has made considerable strides based on deep learning. The semantic segmentation of point clouds, a crucial step in comprehending 3D scenes, has drawn much attention. The accuracy and effectiveness of fully supervised semantic segmentation tasks have greatly improved with the increase in the number of accessible datasets. However, these achievements rely on time‐consuming and expensive full labelling. In solve of these existential issues, research on weakly supervised learning has recently exploded. These methods train neural networks to tackle 3D semantic segmentation tasks with fewer point labels. In addition to providing a thorough overview of the history and current state of the art in weakly supervised semantic segmentation of 3D point clouds, a detailed description of the most widely used data acquisition sensors, a list of publicly accessible benchmark datasets, and a look ahead to potential future development directions is provided.
New mass-loss rates of Magellanic Cloud B supergiants from global wind models
Authors: Krtička J. , Kubát J. , Krtičková I.
Published: November 2023

We provide global models of line-driven winds of B supergiants for metallicities corresponding to the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds. The velocity and density structure of the models is determined consistently from hydrodynamical equations with radiative force derived in the comoving frame and level populations computed from kinetic equilibrium equations. We provide a formula expressing the predicted mass-loss rates in terms of stellar luminosity, effective temperature, and metallicity. Predicted wind mass-loss rates decrease with decreasing metallicity as Ṁ ∼ Z0.60 and are proportional to the stellar luminosity. The mass-loss rates increase below the region of the bistability jump at about 20 kK because of iron recombination. In agreement with previous theoretical and observational studies, we find a smooth change of wind properties in the region of the bistability jump. With decreasing metallicity, the bistability jump becomes weaker and shifts to lower effective temperatures. At lower metallicities above the bistability jump, our predictions provide similar rates to those used in current evolutionary models, but our rates are significantly lower than older predictions below the bistability jump. Our predicted mass-loss rates agree with observational estimates derived from Hα line assuming that observations of stellar winds from Galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds are uniformly affected by clumping. The models nicely reproduce the dependence of terminal velocities on temperature derived from ultraviolet spectroscopy.
Aktuelles aus der Kommunikation in der Intensivmedizin
Authors: Jöbges Susanne , Meier Stefan
Published: November 2023

Was ist neu?

Neue Entwicklungen in der Kommunikation auf der Intensivstation Eine Vielzahl an Veröffentlichungen beschäftigt sich mit dem Einsatz von virtuellen Kommunikationsmöglichkeiten für Patienten und Patientinnen, Zugehörige und das Team auf der Intensivstation (ITS). Auch auf der ITS kommen neben Handy und Tablet vermehrt Computersysteme, bis hin zum Eye-Tracking-PC, als Kommunikationshilfsmittel zum Einsatz. Das Spektrum der Anwendungsmöglichkeiten für virtuelle Kommunikationsformen ist weit. Es reicht vom Einsatz im Rahmen von Aufklärungen und der Informationsvermittlung komplexer Sachverhalte für Team, Patienten und Patientinnen oder Zugehörige, bis zum Einsatz der Telemedizin zur Verbesserung der Qualität und des interdisziplinären Austauschs auf der ITS. Ein weiteres Zukunftsthema ist die Anwendung Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI). Chatbots oder KI-gestützte Patient-Preference-Predictor-Systeme werden eingesetzt, um Inhalte zu transportieren oder Entscheidungsprozesse kommunikativ zu unterstützen.

Neue Technologien – alte Probleme? Kommunikation mit dem Team, mit Patienten und Patientinnen und deren Zugehörigen bleibt immer eine Interaktion, mit der Notwendigkeit, sich auf jemanden einzulassen und ihn wahrzunehmen. Inwieweit digitale Hilfsmittel sinnvoll für die Kommunikation im Team, mit Patienten und Patientinnen und Zugehörigen genutzt werden können, hängt somit weiterhin von der Bereitschaft ab, sich dem Anderen als Kommunikationspartner zuzuwenden.
Das Fibromyalgiesyndrom als Schmerzsyndrom in der Rheumatologie
Authors: Krasselt Marco , Baerwald Christoph
Published: November 2023

Was ist neu?

Epidemiologie und Pathophysiologie Das Fibromyalgiesyndrom (FMS) ist bei Menschen mit rheumatologischen Erkrankungen deutlich häufiger als in der Allgemeinbevölkerung. Es kann aber auch unabhängig von anderen Erkrankungen auftreten. Es handelt sich um eine multifaktorielle Erkrankung: Physische und psychosoziale Faktoren wirken bei der Genese zusammen. Pathophysiologisch relevant scheint insbesondere eine gestörte Schmerzverarbeitung zu sein. Ob eine Small-Fiber-Neuropathie (SFN) ursächlich ist, muss weiter untersucht werden. Aktuell gibt es erstmals experimentelle Hinweise darauf, dass es sich beim FMS um eine transferierbare (Autoimmun-)Erkrankung handeln könnte.

Symptome und Diagnostik Es handelt sich beim FMS um eine klinische Diagnose: Neben generalisierten Schmerzen bestehen häufig Schlafstörungen und eine Erschöpfungsneigung – auch eine Assoziation mit einer depressiven Erkrankung kann bestehen. Bei der Diagnose und der Beurteilung des Schweregrads helfen der Widespread-Pain-Index (WPI) und der Symptome-Severity-Score (SSS).

Therapie Neben der Aufklärung über die Gutartigkeit der Erkrankung stehen nicht-medikamentöse Verfahren wie Bewegung, physikalische Therapie und kognitive Verhaltenstherapie im Vordergrund. Bei schwer zu behandelnden Verläufen kann eine multimodale Therapie indiziert sein. Analgetika, insbesondere Opioide, sollen allenfalls nachrangig und kurzfristig zum Einsatz kommen. Der Opioidantagonist Naltrexon ist ein vielversprechender Kandidat zur medikamentösen Therapie. Möglicherweise kann auch die TENS-Nutzung hilfreich sein. Im Hinblick auf den therapeutischen Einsatz von Cannabinoiden gibt es positive Beobachtungsstudien, es fehlt aber weiterhin an Evidenz aus kontrollierten Studien.
Update Lungenkarzinom – was bringt die neue Leitlinie mit sich?
Authors: Möller Miriam , Krüger Marcus , Schütte Wolfgang
Published: November 2023

Was ist neu?

Früherkennung Risikopatienten zwischen 50 und 75 Jahren profitieren von einer jährlichen Low-Dose-CT-Untersuchung. Die Rahmenbedingungen werden aktuell erarbeitet.

Inzidenteller Lungenrundherd Ein PET-positiver, malignitätsverdächtiger Lungenrundherd mit Größenprogredienz im zeitlichen Verlauf kann ohne histopathologische Sicherung bei Inoperabilität des Patienten stereotaktisch bestrahlt werden.

Nicht kleinzelliges Lungenkarzinom (NSCLC) Es sollte bei allen Patienten mit NSCLC im Stadium IV eine Testung auf therapierbare Treiberalterationen erfolgen. Bei EGFR-Mutation (Exon 19 und 21) wird eine adjuvante Therapie mit Osimertinib über 3 Jahre empfohlen. Bei PD-L1-Expression ≥ 50% soll eine adjuvante Immuntherapie mit Atezolizumab im Anschluss an die adjuvante Chemotherapie erfolgen. Nach einer simultanen Radiochemotherapie im Stadium III soll bei PD-L1-Expression von ≥ 1% eine konsolidierende Immuntherapie mit Durvalumab über 1 Jahr erfolgen. Für viele Treiberalterationen stehen mittlerweile zielgerichtete Therapieoptionen zur Verfügung. Im Falle einer NTRK- oder RET-Fusion lautet die Empfehlung, die zielgerichtete Therapie in der Erstlinie durchzuführen. Im Falle einer MET-Exon-14-skipping-Mutation oder einer KRAS-G12C-Mutation ist eine Therapie ab der Zweitlinie sinnvoll und möglich.

Kleinzelliges Lungenkarzinom – Behandlung des Stadiums M1 (Extensive disease) Es sollte allen Patienten mit metastasiertem kleinzelligem Lungenkarzinom eine kombinierte Immunchemotherapie angeboten werden.

Grundsätze des Therapiemanagements Alle Patienten mit neu diagnostiziertem Lungenkarzinom sollten in einem interdisziplinären Tumorboard vorgestellt werden. Die in diesem Board beschlossenen Entscheidungen sollten sich an den aktuellen Leitlinien orientieren. Im Falle einer abweichenden Entscheidung muss diese gut begründet im Tumor-Konferenzprotokoll dokumentiert werden.
Long-Term Outcome of Chest Wall and Diaphragm Repair with Biological Materials
Authors: Merhej Hayan , Ali Mohammed , Nakagiri Tomoyuki , Zinne Norman , Selman Alaa , Golpon Heiko , Goecke Tobias , Zardo Patrick
Published: November 2023

Introduction Chest wall and/or diaphragm reconstruction aims to preserve, restore, or improve respiratory function; conserve anatomical cavities; and upkeep postural and upper extremity support. This can be achieved by utilizing a wide range of different grafts made of synthetic, biological, autologous, or bioartificial materials. We aim to review our experience with decellularized bovine pericardium as graft in the past decade.

Patients and Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent surgical chest wall and/or diaphragm repair with decellularized bovine pericardium between January 1, 2012 and January 13, 2022 at our institution. All records were screened for patient characteristics, intra-/postoperative complications, chest tube and analgesic therapy duration, length of hospital stay, presence or absence of redo procedures, as well as morbidity and 30-day mortality. We then looked for correlations between implanted graft size and postoperative complications and gathered further follow-up information at least 2 months after surgery.

Results A total of 71 patients either underwent isolated chest wall (n = 51), diaphragm (n = 12), or pericardial (n = 4) resection and reconstruction or a combination thereof. No mortality was recorded within the first 30 days. Major morbidity occurred in 12 patients, comprising secondary respiratory failure requiring bronchoscopy and invasive ventilation in 8 patients and secondary infections and delayed wound healing requiring patch removal in 4 patients. There was no correlation between the extensiveness of the procedure and extubation timing (chi-squared test, p = 0.44) or onset of respiratory failure (p = 0.27).

Conclusion A previously demonstrated general viability of biological materials for various reconstructive procedures appears to be supported by our long-term results.
Glaucoma the Silent Thief of Vision! A Study to Assess Current Trends on Awareness and Knowledge About Glaucoma
Authors: Jain Amit Kumar , Singh Neha , Singh Naveen Kumar , Singh Praveen Kumar , Rajpoot Suman
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Worldwide nearly 70 million populations are affected by glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness. Awareness and knowledge about glaucoma is the key to early diagnosis and effective management to prevent debilitating blindness. In India, the literature has shown that the level of awareness ranges from 0.32 to 13.5%, much lower than developed countries. Previous studies found higher levels of education and socioeconomic status along with positive family history of ocular diseases were directly related to improved levels of awareness and knowledge about glaucoma. Considering the improvement in literacy standards, socioeconomic status, and better utilization of medical care in the past few years, we aimed to assess the current trends in levels of awareness and knowledge about glaucoma in the North Indian population.

Methodology

This prospective cross-sectional questionnaire-based study included 1,536 participants enrolled from the outpatient department of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Data for the study were collected from the responses given by participants from two sets of questionnaires adopted and validated from previous similar work on awareness of glaucoma. Statistical analysis was done by applying the chi-square test and Fisher exact probability test using IBM SPSS Statistics version 20.

Results

In total, 7.74% of study participants were aware of glaucoma and the newspaper was the most common source of (57.9%) information. A significant correlation (p < 0.05) was found for male sex, education status, and past medical history between aware and not aware participants; however, non-significant (p = 0.182) correlation was seen for upper and lower socioeconomic status among the same group participants. Only 16% of aware participants had a good knowledge of glaucoma.

Conclusion

In current trends, the state of awareness and knowledge on glaucoma in the Indian population was poor compared to that in the Western world, although the levels of education status and the presence of past medical history had significant correlation among aware and not aware population, but socioeconomic status had no significant correlation. Electronic media and health camps were among the least common source of information; hence, improvised awareness programs and opportunistic screening of glaucoma is the answer to control this silent thief of vision called glaucoma.
How Medical Services Get Valued
Authors: Krol Katharine L.
Published: November 2023

The mechanisms for Medicare payment to physicians are complicated and, in fee for service Medicare, the value of a procedure code explicitly determines the payment to the physician and the out-of-pocket cost to the beneficiary. These codes are created and then valued for payment through a complex but reproducible and transparent process that allows for physician and specialty society input. This article describes the process and its implications for interventional radiology.
Role of Multidisciplinary Team Meetings in the Diagnosis and Management of Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Diseases in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Khan Mohammad Ayaz , Sherbini Nahid , Alyami Sami , Al-Harbi Abdullah , Alrajhi Suliman , Abdullah Reem , AlGhamdi Dhafer , Rajendram Rajkumar , Bamefleh Hana , Al-Jahdali Hamdan
Published: November 2023

Background Decisions on the management of interstitial lung diseases (ILD) and prognostication require an accurate diagnosis. It has been proposed that multidisciplinary team (MDT) meetings for ILD (ILD-MDT) improve these decisions in challenging cases of ILD. However, most studies in this field have been based on the decisions of individual clinicians and there are few reports on the outcomes of the ILD-MDT approach. We therefore describe the experience of the ILD-MDT meetings at our institution.

Methods A single-center retrospective review of the electronic health care records of patients discussed in the ILD-MDT meetings at our institution from February 2016 to January 2021 was performed. At out institution, at each ILD-MDT meeting, the referring pulmonologist presents the clinical history and the results of all relevant investigations including serology, blood gas analyses, lung function tests, bronchoscopy, and bronchoalveolar lavage. A radiologist then describes the imaging including serial computed tomography (CT) scans. When available, the findings on lung biopsy are presented by a pathologist. Subsequent discussions lead to a consensus on the diagnosis and further management.

Results The study included 121 patients, comprising 71 (57%) males and 76 nonsmokers (62.8%), with a mean age of 65 years (range: 25–93 years). The average number of comorbidities was 2.4 (range: 0–7). Imaging-based diagnoses were usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP)/chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (CHP) in 32 (26%) patients, UIP in 20 (17%) patients, probable UIP in 27 (22%) patients, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia in 11 (9%) patients, and indeterminate interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) in 10 (8%) patients. The most common consensus clinical diagnosis after an ILD-MDT discussion was chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis/idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in 17 patients (14%), followed by idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and connective tissue disease associated interstitial lung disease in 16 patients (13%), CHP in 11 patients (9.1%), and ILA in 10 patients (8.4%). Only a 42 patients (35%) required surgical lung biopsy for confirmation of the diagnosis.

Conclusion This study describes the characteristics of the patients discussed in the ILD-MDT meetings with emphasis on their clinical, radiological, and laboratory data to reach a diagnosis and management plan. The decisions on commencement of antifibrotics or immunosuppressive therapy for patients with various ILDs are also made during these ILD-MDT meetings. This descriptive study could help other health care professionals regarding the structure of their ILD-MDT meetings and with discussions about diagnostic and care decisions for diffused parenchymal lung disease patients.
CEO narcissism and cross-boundary growth: Evidence from Chinese publicly listed manufacturing firms
Authors: Yang Lin , Yang Jingyi , Zhang Chenjian , Lu Liangliang
Published: November 2023

Prior research has shown that CEO narcissism can significantly impact firms’ strategic decision-making and performance. Additionally, studies on cross-boundary growth have demonstrated its positive effect on firms’ financial performance. However, little is known about the relationship between CEO narcissism and firms’ cross-boundary growth. In this study, we integrate upper echelon theory and agency theory and propose that CEO narcissism has a positive effect on a firms’ cross-boundary growth, both domestically and internationally. Furthermore, different types of corporate ownership and ownership concentration have varying effects on this relationship. Our research analyzed publicly listed manufacturing firms in China from 2005 to 2014 and found supportive evidence for our hypotheses. This study offers insight into how micro factors, such as CEO narcissism, can affect a firms’ growth strategy. Our study further sheds light on the differentiating role of corporate ownership and ownership concertation in affecting this relationship.
Contemplating Palestine: matters of truth and justice with rage, love and anger
Authors: Plonski Sharri
Published: November 2023

In this essay, in conversation with Azmi Bishara's Palestine: Matters of Truth and Justice, I am wrestling with how to write about Palestine, at the same moment that I am contending with the media's erasure and dehumanisation of Palestinian life, in January 2023. And here I am again, on 19 October, 2023, with the proofs for this piece arriving in my inbox, while witnessing bombs rain down on Gaza; a second Nakba and genocide that has the world's full awareness and legitimacy. I wrote and write, full of rage, full of anger and full of love.
Big-bang limit of 2 + 1 gravity and Thurston boundary of Teichmüller space
Authors: Mondal Puskar
Published: November 2023

We study the asymptotic behavior of the solution curves of the dynamics of spacetimes of the topological type Σp×R, p > 1, where Σp is a closed Riemann surface of genus p, in the regime of 2 + 1 dimensional classical general relativity. The configuration space of the gauge fixed dynamics is identified with the Teichmüller space (TΣp≈R6p−6) of Σp. Utilizing the properties of the Dirichlet energy of certain harmonic maps, estimates derived from the associated elliptic equations in conjunction with a few standard results of the theory of the compact Riemann surfaces, we prove that every non-trivial solution curve runs off the edge of the Teichmüller space at the limit of the big bang singularity and approaches the space of projective measured laminations/foliations (PMLPMF), the Thurston boundary of the Teichmüller space.
Nehari manifold method for singular double phase problem with optimal control on parameter
Authors: Fiscella A. , Mishra P. K. , Tripathi V. M.
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we consider the following singular double phase problem −div(|∇u|p−2∇u + a(x)|∇u|q−2∇u) = λf(x)u−γ + g(x)ur−1, u > 0 in Ω and u = 0 on ∂Ω, where Ω⊂RN is an open bounded domain with smooth boundary, dimension N ≥ 2, exponents p < q < r < p* = Np/(N − p) with 1 < p < N, while 0 < γ < 1 and λ > 0 is real parameter. The weight functions f, g are bounded continuous functions which may change sign and the modulating function a is non-negative, continuous and has compact support in Ω. Using fibering map and Nehari manifold method, we show the existence of at least two positive solutions for (0, λ* + ϵ) for some ϵ > 0, where λ* is an extremal parameter, characterized via nonlinear Rayleigh quotient. An estimate on the extremal value λ* is also obtained.
Finite element analysis of electric field distribution during direct current stimulation of the spinal cord: Implications for device design
Authors: Troughton Joe G. , Ansong Snr Yaw O. , Duobaite Nida , Proctor Christopher M.
Published: November 2023

Spinal cord injury (SCI) arises from damage to the spinal cord, often caused by trauma or disease. The resulting sensorimotor dysfunction is variable and dependent on the extent of the injury. Despite years of research, curative options for SCI remain limited. However, recent advancements in electric field stimulated axonal regrowth have shown promise for neuronal regeneration. One roadblock in the development of therapeutic treatments based on this is a lack of understanding of the exogenous electric field distribution in the injured tissue, and in particular, how this is influenced by electrode geometry and placement. To better understand this electric field, and provide a means by which it can be optimized, we have developed a finite element model of such spinal cord treatment. We investigate the impact of variations in electrode geometry, spinal cord size, and applied current magnitude as well as looking at several injury models in relation to clinically observed outcomes. Through this, we show that electrode shape has little effect on the induced electric field, that the placement of these electrodes has a noticeable influence on the field distribution, and that the magnitude of this field is governed by both the applied current and the spinal cord morphology. We also show that the injury modality influences the induced field distribution and that a stronger understanding of the injury will help decide treatment parameters. This work provides guidance in the design of electrodes for future clinical application in direct current electric field stimulation for axonal regeneration.
Dynamic mode decomposition for the tip unsteady flow analysis in a counter-rotating axial compressor
Authors: Guo Yanchao , Gao Limin , Mao Xiaochen , Ma Chi , Ma Guanzhong
Published: November 2023

Counter-rotating axial compressor (CRAC) is a promising potential technology to improve the thrust-to-weight ratio of aero-engines, but its special aerodynamic layout usually causes more pronounced flow unsteadiness. Understanding the unsteady flow features and mechanism in the CRAC contributes to the aerodynamic optimization design and flow control strategy organization. A data-driven dynamic mode decomposition method is introduced to investigate the tip flow unsteadiness in a CRAC, and the unsteady features of the tip flow at the design point (DP) and near-stall point (NSP) conditions are revealed. The results show that the 1.0 times blade passage frequency (BPF) and its multi-order harmonic frequency are the dominant frequencies for both rotors at the DP condition. At the NSP condition, the 1.0 BPF is no longer the dominant frequency causing the tip flow unsteadiness, and the low frequency fluctuation of the tip leakage flow becomes the dominant frequency to induce the flow unsteadiness. In the front rotor R1, the unsteady dominant frequency is 1.0 BPF, whereas in the rear rotor R2, the frequency (0.801 BPF and 0.803 BPF) of the tip leakage flow is the dominant frequency. By reconstructing the flow field under the NSP condition, the spatiotemporal evolution of the tip flow during the unsteady stable manifests that the interference effect between the rotors is an important source of the tip flow unsteadiness. The increase in flow unsteadiness leads to an increase in the reconstruction error, indicating that more modes are required to obtain a more accurate reconstruction flow field.
The effect of an internal object on self-sustained oscillations in a flow past a louvered cavity
Authors: Zhang Yongchang , Chen Agula , Yuan Ruixuan , Wu Rong
Published: November 2023

Self-excited oscillations occur when fluid passes through a louvered cavity. In practical engineering applications, various devices are often installed in such cavities. In this study, numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the self-excited oscillations of the flow field within a louvered cavity containing an internal object. The effects of the Reynolds number (Re) and the object-louver distance (λ) on the amplitude and frequency of self-excited oscillations are summarized. It is found that stage switching occurs when Re and λ are above or below the critical values. When stage switching occurs, the flow field operates in a new pattern with a low-frequency oscillation component added to the original spectrum. The frequency of this low-frequency component is half of the original dominant frequency. The reason for this phenomenon is that large-scale vortices exhibit different motion patterns at the impingement edge under various Re and λ. In addition, dynamic mode decomposition is then used to decompose the flow field. The results show that when stage switching occurs, the mode corresponding to the new low-frequency component dominates the flow field, and its influence region mainly locates at the downstream part of the louver.
A cascaded convolutional neural networks for stroke detection imaging
Authors: Liu Jinzhen , He Xiaochuan , Xiong Hui
Published: November 2023

In recent years, electrical impedance tomography has widely been used in stroke detection. To improve the prediction accuracy and anti-noise ability of the system, the inverse problem of electrical impedance tomography needs to be solved, for which cascade convolutional neural networks are used. The proposed network is divided into two parts so that the advantages can be compounded when parts of a network are cascaded together. To get high-resolution imaging, an optimized network based on encoding and decoding is designed in the first part. The second part is composed of a residual module, which is used to extract the characteristics of voltage information and ensure that no information is lost. The anti-noise performance of the network is better than other networks. In physical experiments, it is also proved that the algorithm can roughly restore the location of the object in the field.
Experimental characterization of a modified high-speed plasma synthetic jet actuator with oblique-slot exit
Authors: Cheng Lin , Huang He-Xia , Sun Xiao-Lin , Ma Shan , Tan Hui-Jun
Published: November 2023

In the field of flow control research, oblique jets are known to offer several advantages over vertical jets. To gain a comprehensive insight into the flow field characteristics of a plasma synthetic jet actuator with an oblique-slot exit, the related experiments are conducted. The experiment employed high-speed schlieren imaging techniques and electrical parameter measurements to acquire the flow field characteristics and discharge properties of the oblique-slot actuator, followed by a comparative analysis with a vertical circular orifice actuator. The oblique-slot plasma synthetic jet exhibits a wall-attaching effect and asymmetric flow characteristics, which differ from those of the vertical circular orifice actuator. The actuator generates a wall jet with an initial velocity of 389.5 ± 15.08 m/s, effectively propelling the fluid within the boundary layer. The Mach number of the precursor shock wave in the direction of the jet reaches 1.59, but decreases to just 1.02 in the opposite direction. Over a period in the range of 10–70 μs, the Froude number of the plasma jet decreases from 1841 to 238. The dominant role of the inertial force gradually weakens, while the influence of buoyancy increases, causing the jet boundary to move upward. The oblique-slot jet configuration represents a typical planar jet, exhibiting superior flow control uniformity compared with the vertical circular orifice jet. The results indicate that the high-speed oblique-slot plasma synthetic jet actuator designed in this study possesses distinct advantages over vertical circular orifice actuators for high-speed fluid flow control.
Fast low bias pulsed DC transport measurements for the investigation of low temperature transport effects in semiconductor devices
Authors: Fuchs C. , Hofer M. , Fürst L. , Shamim S. , Kießling T. , Buhmann H. , Molenkamp L. W.
Published: November 2023

We present a setup for fast, low-bias (≤1mV) DC transport measurements with μs time resolution for high ohmic resistance (≈20kΩ) semiconducting samples. We discuss the circuitry and instrumentation for the measurement approach that can be applied to any kind of semiconductor device or (gated) two-dimensional material and demonstrate the main measurement artifacts in typical measurements by means of circuit simulation. Based on the latter, we present a simple two-step protocol for eliminating the measurement artifacts reliably. We demonstrate the technique by measuring the transitions between quantum Hall plateaus in the HgTe quantum wells and resolve plateaus as short-lived as 100 μs.
Integrated multi-wavelength lasers for all-optical processing of ultra-high frequency signals
Authors: Virte Martin , Marin-Palomo Pablo
Published: November 2023

Semiconductor lasers are nowadays simply unavoidable and essential light sources. While their complexity and dynamical behavior have attracted some attention from a fundamental viewpoint, these special properties remain largely left aside in applications outside the lab. The development of multi-wavelength or multi-color lasers may be a turning point in this regard. On the one hand, multi-color lasers allow for simultaneous emission at multiple and controllable modes, thus adding extra versatility to the lasers. On the other hand, the coupling between the different modes may lead to exciting new functionalities and applications exploiting directly the intrinsic dynamical response of the laser itself. In this perspective letter, we describe the role that multi-wavelength lasers may, in our opinion, play in the future in signal processing applications, especially at the mm-wave and subterahertz frequencies.
Magnetic field accelerated mass-transfer for the electrorefining of spent nuclear fuel: A multiphysics simulation study
Authors: Zhao Ding , Yan Liuming , Jiang Tao , Peng Shuming , Yue Baohua
Published: November 2023

The mass-transfer in an electrorefiner for the pyroprocessing of spent fuel is investigated using multiphysics simulations, and a homogenous magnetic field is applied to accelerate the mass-transfer. The fields of current density, Lorentz force density, convective velocity, kinetic energy density, concentration and concentration gradient, and molar flux of uranium cations are calculated by numerical solution of the master equations using finite element method. It is concluded that a homogeneous magnetic field parallel to the electrode surface will induce Lorentz force, in perpendicular to both the magnetic field and the current density vector, normal to the electrode surface. The Lorentz force acts on the molten salt and enforces the molten salt to circulate around the electrodes. For comparison, the averaged kinetic energy induced solely by the magnetic field of 1 T (without stirring) at 0.754 J·m−3 is higher than that induced solely by stirring of 300 rpm (without magnetic field) at 0.595 J·m−3. The averaged kinetic energy induced by the combination of the magnetic field and the stirring at 1.118 J·m−3 is similar to the sum of that induced, respectively, by magnetic field and by stirring. If the circular electrodes are replaced with rectangular electrodes, the averaged kinetic energy reaches an even higher value of 1.278 J·m−3. Finally, it is concluded that the magnetically enhanced convective flow accelerates the mass-transfer of uranium cations by reduction of the thickness of boundary layer and thus of the concentration gradient around the electrodes.