bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti‐Proliferative 1,4‐Dihydropyridine and Pyridine Derivatives Synthesized through a Catalyst‐Free, One‐Pot Multi‐Component Reaction
Authors: Sharma Mayank G. , Vala Ruturajsinh M. , Patel Divyang M. , Lagunes Irene , Fernandes Miguel X. , Padrón José M. , Ramkumar Venkatachalam , Gardas Ramesh L. , Patel Hitendra M.
Published: November 2018

In this study, we explored the catalyst‐free one‐pot multi‐component synthesis of 1,4‐dihydropyridine derivatives by following green chemistry protocol. The present approach shows the significant outcomes such as yield up to 94%, catalyst‐free reaction, easy workup procedure and shorter period of reaction time. In this work we also highlighted the comparison of the yields obtained under both neat and solvent media as well. The anti‐proliferative activity of all newly synthesized compounds has been assessed against six human solid tumor cell lines. Seven compounds show good activity against single cell line whereas, compounds having a pyridine scaffold showed significant anti‐proliferative activity.
Defect Chemistry in Discharge Products of Li–O2 Batteries
Authors: Dai Wenrui , Cui Xinhang , Zhou Yin , Zhao Yong , Wang Li , Peng Luming , Chen Wei
Published: November 2018

Li–O2 batteries, possessing the highest theoretical specific energy density among all known Li‐ion‐based batteries, demonstrate great potential as energy storage devices for powering electric vehicles. However, their battery performance is significantly limited by the insulating nature of the discharge product Li2O2, which has a wide bandgap (4–5 eV), resulting in high charge overpotential. Defect engineering of the discharge product emerges as a very promising strategy to improve the electrical conductivity and hence reduce the charge overpotential. The aim of this review is to highlight recent advances and progress in understanding and controlling the defect chemistry of discharge products in Li–O2 batteries. First, the theoretical perspectives of defects in Li2O2 are reviewed, with particular emphasis on defect design and engineering strategies to significantly improve the charge transport properties of Li2O2. Then intermediate defects in Li2O2 formed during the discharge and charge processes and materials with induced defects, including Li2−

x
O2, doped Li2O2, Li2O2 with surface/grain boundaries, and amorphous Li2O2, which are tailored by engineered catalysts and electrolyte additives are discussed. Finally, other alternative energy carriers for new energy storage chemistry of Li–O2 batteries, such as lithium superoxide, lithium hydroxide, and lithium carbonate, will also be discussed.
Thermoplastic elastomer based on waste polyethylene/waste rubber containing activated carbon black: Impact of gamma irradiation
Authors: Fathy E. S. , Elnaggar Mona Y. , Raslan Heba A.
Published: November 2018

The effect of using gamma radiation on the prepared activated carbon (AC) from carbon black using dose 500 kGy was studied. Moreover, AC powder were blended in internal mixer to prepare thermoplastic elastomer with percentage (75/25/10) wt% based on waste polyethylene and waste rubber which irradiated before mixing at dose100 kGy separately and AC. Chemical activity of composites was improved as a result of using gamma radiation which was examined by electron spin resonance estimations. Composites were studied by different techniques, such as FTIR, mechanical, thermal, morphology, and X‐ray diffraction. The results indicated that optimistic effect of using gamma rays with improving the properties of the composites. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 25:E166–E176, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
Recommendations for Sustainable Midwifery in Guatemala
Authors: Summer Anna , Walker Dilys
Published: November 2018

Guatemala plans to open its first government‐sponsored professional midwifery school since 1960. During the new program's design stages, it is imperative to consider possible impediments to the program's sustainability. Schell's Sustainability Framework assesses internal and external domains to consider a program's capacity for sustainability. We conducted in‐depth interviews with Guatemalan key decision makers and professional midwives (n = 7) and matched pertinent open codes from these interviews with Schell's Sustainability Framework's a priori domains. We analyzed the content of the coded segments, triangulating the findings with policy documents, peer‐reviewed journal articles, and gray literature to identify facilitators and impediments to midwifery's sustainability. Recommendations follow. Our study revealed the following internal facilitators for sustainability: strategic planning, program adaptation, organizational capacity, and funding stability. External facilitators such as political support and funding sustainability were also present. The program's poor internal communications and weak external partnerships pose significant impediments to the program's sustainability. Program evaluation and public health impact were not discussed in the interviews, which merits further consideration. At the launch of this important midwifery program, program designers must heed recommendations informed by identified facilitators and impediments to increase midwifery's likelihood of success in Guatemala.
Appraisal of patient-reported outcome measures in analogous diseases and recommendations for use in phase II and III clinical trials of pyruvate kinase deficiency
Authors: Salek M. S. , Ionova T. , Johns J. R. , Oliva E. N.
Published: November 2018

Purpose

Pyruvate kinase deficiency (PKD) is a rare disease and understanding of its epidemiology and associated burden remains limited. With no current curative therapy, clinical manifestations can be life threatening, clinically managed by maintaining adequate hemoglobin levels through transfusion and subsequent support, but with frequent complications. Treatment goals are to maintain/improve the patient’s quality of life. With new therapies, reliable, valid, and relevant patient-reported outcome (PRO) tools are required for use in clinical trials.

Methods

Systematic literature search identified no current PRO tools for capturing/measuring the impact of PKD and treatments in clinical trials. Therefore, the search strategy was revised to consider conditions analogous to PKD in terms of symptoms and impacts that might serve as parallels to the experience in PKD; this included sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, and hemolytic anemia. Psychometric properties, strengths, and weakness of selected appropriate PRO instruments were compared, and recommendations made for choice of PRO tools.

Results

In adult populations, EORTC QLQ C30 and SF-36v2 are recommended, the former being a basic minimum, covering generic HRQoL, and core symptoms such as fatigue. In pediatric populations, PedsQL Generic Core Scale to measure HRQoL and PedsQL MFS scale to measure fatigue are recommended.

Conclusions

Some symptoms/life impacts may be unique to PKD and not observable in analogous conditions. A ‘Physico-Psychosocial Model’ derived from the ‘Medical Model’ is proposed to form the basis for a hypothesized conceptual framework to address the development of PKD-specific PRO instruments.
Evidence of Concomitantly Increasing Stroke and Dementia Prevalence among those 80 Years and Older in Ontario, Canada, 2003-04 to 2012-13
Authors: Cerasuolo Joshua O. , Azarpazhooh Mahmoud Reza , Kapral Moira K. , Cipriano Lauren E. , Hachinski Vladimir
Published: November 2018

Among those aged 80 years and older in Ontario, Canada, stroke and dementia incidence declined concomitantly from 2002-03 to 2013-14. This study aimed to report the concurrent temporal trends of stroke and dementia prevalence in Ontario among the same age demographic. The prevalence of both stroke and dementia increased from 2003-04 to 2012-13 in both sexes and the magnitude in which prevalence of dementia increased over time exceeded that of stroke. The substantial increase in the prevalence of dementia may be because of increased recognition and diagnoses of dementia and increased survival of stroke patients who are at higher risk of developing dementia.
Making Legislative Effectiveness an Operational Concept: Unfolding the Effectiveness Test as a Conceptual Tool for Lawmaking
Authors: MOUSMOUTI Maria
Published: November 2018

The importance of effectiveness in lawmaking is acknowledged by scholars and practitioners alike. Yet the concept remains one of the most vague terms in legal vocabulary. The article maintains that effectiveness has concrete content that reflects the systemic coherence and alignment between four fundamental elements of legislation: objectives, content, context and results. From this perspective effective legislation is the result of complex mechanics in the conceptualisation, design and drafting of the law and cannot materialise unless it is a clear concern in the early phases of lawmaking. The article takes a closer look at the fundamental elements of effectiveness and articulates the specific challenges that lawmakers are facing when attempting to design and draft effective rules. The “effectiveness test”, a conceptual tools that adds “effectiveness lenses” to the existing lawmaking toolkit, is developed in more depth to a set of critical questions that lawmakers need to address in order to make conscious decisions on effective drafts.
Carbon Isotopes as Tracers of Organic and Inorganic Carbon in Baltic Sea Sediments
Authors: Lujanienė G , Li H-C , Mažeika J , Paškauskas R , Remeikaitė-Nikienė N , Garnaga-Budrė G , Levinskaitė L , Jokšas K , Bugailiškytė D , Šemčuk S , Kačergius A , Stankevičius A , Stirbys V , Povinec P P
Published: November 2018

Distributions of Δ14CTOC studied in bottom sediments collected during 2011–2016 in the Curonian Lagoon and in the open Baltic Sea indicated wide variations of Δ14CTOC values. Laboratory experiments on differential carbon utilization by Pseudomonas putida isolated from bottom sediments were carried out for better understanding of impacts of different sources on Δ14CTOC variations. Preferential glucose uptake (up to 80%) as a carbon source and a rather low (2–10%) inorganic carbon incorporation was found in media with diesel fuel. Pseudomonas putida a specific biomarker analyzed in biomass cultivated on the media with different carbon sources has been used to characterize microbial communities responsible for degradation of organic substances in bottom sediments. Large 14C depletions observed in sediments collected in the Gotland Deep of the Baltic Sea may indicate leakage from dumped chemical weapons.
Radiocarbon-Dated Vegetal Remains from the Cave Ice Deposits of Velebit Mountain, Croatia
Authors: Kern Z , Bočić N , Sipos Gy
Published: November 2018

Organic material and a few tree trunks have been recovered from the shrinking ice deposits of Velebit Mountain, Croatia. Ten radiocarbon (14C) dates, seven new measurements and three recalibrated ones, from three cave ice deposits were evaluated. The new data argue for the preservation of a ~1000-yr-old deposit in the Kugina Ice Cave and a <500-yr-old accumulation in the Ledena Pit. A 14C age suggests that the ice in the lower section of Vukušić cave ice deposit is very likely older than 3500 yr. The work is in progress to verify this suggestion. Evaluation of the temporal distribution of the calibrated ages of the 14C-dated vegetal remains allowed constraining the accumulation and ablation history of cave ice in the northern and central Velebit. Periods lacking vegetal remains in these cave ice deposits (before the 11th century and in the 15th century) tend to match with similar patterns from other cave ice deposits from the Eastern Alps and the Swiss Jura Mountains, suggesting large-scale coherence regulating European cave ice mass balance changes over the past ~1200 yr.
Probabilistic14C Age-Depth Models Aiding the Reconstruction of Holocene Paleoenvironmental Evolution of a Marshland from Southern Hungary
Authors: Törőcsik Tünde , Gulyás Sándor , Molnár Dávid , Tapody Réka , Sümegi Balázs P , Szilágyi Gábor , Molnár Mihály , Jakab Gusztáv , Sümegi Pál , Novák Zsolt
Published: November 2018

This paper presents first chronological results for a Holocene marshland system from the southern part of the Danube-Tisza Interfluve. Radiocarbon (14C) ages were used to build age-depth models relying of probabilistic tools. Four models have been built: a linear one using dates gained via simple calibration, a P_Sequence model, fitting a polynomial function to calibrated dates; a Gamma_Sequence considering priori given and posterior accumulation rates have been constructed. As there was no significant difference between the mean values of individual models all seem suitable for establishing a reliable chronology despite differences in 95% CI ranges. While P_Sequence models underestimated SR, values calculated from the polynomial model were not significantly different from those of the G_Sequence. Based on multiproxy geochemical, sedimentological, paleoecological data the evolution of the system was reconstructed, covering a timespan of ca. 13,000 years starting from 12,000 BC and lasting until 1300 AD. Highest accumulation rates are dated to the Early Middle Ages from the 11th century. Several climate changes could have been identified which are present in other Hungarian and Western European records too, such as the 5b IRD event at ca. 5800 BC, a humid phase around 1600 BC, and a cool humid phase around the 6th century AD.
Szemerédi's Theorem in the Primes
Authors: Rimanić Luka , Wolf Julia
Published: November 2018

Green and Tao famously proved in 2005 that any subset of the primes of fixed positive density contains arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions. Green had previously shown that, in fact, any subset of the primes of relative density tending to zero sufficiently slowly contains a three-term progression. This was followed by work of Helfgott and de Roton, and Naslund, who improved the bounds on the relative density in the case of three-term progressions. The aim of this note is to present an analogous result for longer progressions by combining a quantified version of the relative Szemerédi theorem given by Conlon, Fox and Zhao with Henriot's estimates of the enveloping sieve weights.
New host–parasite records of siphonostomatoid copepods infesting elasmobranch fishes in Tunisian waters
Authors: Youssef Feriel , Tlig Zouari Sabiha , Benmansour Bouchra
Published: November 2018

Between 2013 and 2015, 2092 chondrichthyan fish belonging to eight species were collected along the Tunisian coast and examined for parasitic copepods. Eleven different species of copepods representing five families, Caligidae, Eudactylinidae, Kroyeriidae, Lernaeopodidae and Pandaridae, were collected. Three of these species are reported for the first time in Tunisia (Pseudocharopinus malleus,Perissopus dentatusandNesippus orientalis) and one new species ofKroyeriawas found. In addition, we identified a number of new host records including: the presence ofEudactylinella albaonBathytoshia centroura,Dasyatis pastinaca,Mustelus mustelusandScyliorhinus canicula. This is the first record ofNemesissp. onB. centrourain Tunisia. We report here for the first time the presence ofPseudocharopinus bicaudatusandPseudocharopinus concavusonBathytoshia centrouraandLernaeopoda galeionRaja clavata.
The ‘standard of civilization’ in international law: Intellectual perspectives from pre-war Japan
Authors: Shahabuddin Mohammad
Published: November 2018

This article establishes the normative connection between Japan’s responses to regional hegemonic order prior to the nineteenth century and its subsequent engagement with the European standard of civilization. I argue that the Japanese understanding of the ‘standard of civilization’ in the nineteenth century was informed by the historical pattern of its responses to hegemony and the discourse on cultural superiority in the Far East that shifted from Sinocentrism to the unbroken Imperial lineage to the national-spirit. Although Japanese scholars accepted and engaged with the European standard of civilization after the forced opening up of Japan to the Western world in the mid-nineteenth century, they did so for instrumental purposes and soon translated ‘civilization’ into a language of imperialism to reassert supremacy in the region. Through intellectual historiography, this narrative contextualizes Japan’s engagement with the European standard of civilization, and offers an analytical framework not only to go beyond Eurocentrism but also to identify various other loci of hegemony, which are connected through the same language of power.
Active coping moderates associations among race-related stress, rumination, and depressive symptoms in emerging adult African American women
Authors: Hill Labarron K. , Hoggard Lori S.
Published: November 2018

Cross-sectional and longitudinal research has shown that race-related stress is associated with increased depressive symptoms among racial/ethnic minorities. Rumination has long been considered a maladaptive self-regulatory response to race-related stress, and growing evidence suggests that it may be an important link in the relation between race-related stress and depression. More adaptive forms of self-regulation, such as active coping, may counteract the negative impact of rumination. We examined the influence of rumination on the relation between race-related stress and depressive symptoms in a sample (N = 69) of young adult (mean age = 20 ± 1.5 years) African American women. We also considered the possible moderating effects of John Henryism, a form of persistent and determined goal striving, and vagally mediated heart rate variability, a purported biomarker of coping. Anticipatory race-related stress was indirectly associated with depressive symptoms through rumination: estimate = 0.07, 95% confidence interval [0.01, 0.16]. Both John Henryism and vagally mediated heart rate variability moderated the relationship between race-related stress and rumination; however, only John Henryism reliably influenced the indirect association between race-related stress and depression through rumination. We discuss these findings in the context of growing research examining the interplay between cultural and biological factors in the risk for poorer mental health.
Genetic moderation of the effects of the Family Check-Up intervention on children's internalizing symptoms: A longitudinal study with a racially/ethnically diverse sample
Authors: Lemery-Chalfant Kathryn , Clifford Sierra , Dishion Thomas J. , Shaw Daniel S. , Wilson Melvin N.
Published: November 2018

Development involves synergistic interplay among genotypes and the physical and cultural environments, and integrating genetics into experimental designs that manipulate the environment can improve understanding of developmental psychopathology and intervention efficacy. Consistent with differential susceptibility theory, individuals can vary in their sensitivity to environmental conditions including intervention for reasons including their genotype. As a consequence, understanding genetic influences on intervention response is critical. Empirically, we tested an interaction between a genetic index representing sensitivity to the environment and the Family Check-Up intervention. Participants were drawn from the Early Steps Multisite randomized prevention trial that included a low-income and racially/ethnically diverse sample of children and their families followed longitudinally (n = 515). As hypothesized, polygenic sensitivity to the environment moderated the effects of the intervention on 10-year-old children's symptoms of internalizing psychopathology, such that children who were genetically sensitive and were randomly assigned to the intervention had fewer symptoms of child psychopathology than genetically sensitive children assigned to the control condition. A significant difference in internalizing symptoms assessed with a clinical interview emerged between the intervention and control groups for those 0.493 SD above the mean on polygenic sensitivity, or 25% of the sample. Similar to personalized medicine, it is time to understand individual and sociocultural differences in treatment response and individualize psychosocial interventions to reduce the burden of child psychopathology and maximize well-being for children growing up in a wide range of physical environments and cultures.
Physical and psychosocial development of Mapuche and nonindigenous Chilean toddlers: A modest role of ethnicity
Authors: Navarrete Marcelo A. , Silva Jaime R. , Van Ijzendoorn Marinus H. , Cárcamo Rodrigo A.
Published: November 2018

Mapuche represents the largest indigenous group in Chile amounting to nearly 10% of the total population. In a longitudinal cohort of 12,398 children, we analyzed the role of ethnicity in physical and psychosocial development of Mapuche and nonindigenous Chilean toddlers (age 2.5 years), taking into account sociodemographic and caregiver characteristics. As indicated by our univariate analysis, the Mapuche developmental niche was characterized by lower income, lower maternal education, poorer quality of the home environment, longer breastfeeding, and higher parental stress. Physical development showed higher body mass index. Mapuche children showed less externalizing problems. We then analyzed the incremental contribution of ethnicity in a series of hierarchical regressions with the second wave of developmental measurements (age 4.5 years) as outcome variables, showing a significant but modest incremental contribution of ethnicity to the prediction of children's development between 2.5 and 4.5 years of age. Controlling for environmental variables, Mapuche showed less externalizing and internalizing, behavior problems. Socioeconomic status, quality of the home environment, and parenting stress were stronger predictors of socioemotional development than ethnicity per se.
Dose verification of volumetric-modulated arc therapy using one-dimensional and two-dimensional dosimeters
Authors: Rehman Jalil ur , Syed Zahra , Hussain Ghulam , Ahmad Nisar , Asghar H M Noor ul Huda Khan , Gilani Zaheer Abbas , Nasar Gulfam , Akhter Malik M , Isa Muhammad , Iqbal Tahir
Published: November 2018

Purpose

To verify dose delivery and quality assurance of volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for head and neck (H&N) cancer.

Method

The Imaging and Radiation Oncology Core Houston (IROC-H) H&N phantom with thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) and films, were imaged with computed tomography scan and the reconstructed image was transferred to pinnacle treatment planning system (TPS). On TPS, the planning target volume (PTV), secondary target volume (STV) and organ at risk (OAR) were delineated manually and a treatment plan was made. The dose constraints were determined for the concerned organs according to IROC-H prescription. The treatment plan was optimised using adoptive convolution algorithm to improve dose homogeneity and conformity. The dose calculation was performed using C.C Convolution algorithm and a Varian True Beam linear accelerator was used to deliver the treatment plan to the H&N phantom. The delivered radiation dose to the phantom was measured through TLDs and GafChromic external beam radiotherapy 2 (EBT2) films. The dosimetric performance of the VMAT delivery was studied by analysing percent dose difference, isodose line profile and gamma analysis of the TPS-computed dose and linac-delivered doses.

Result

The percent dose difference of 3.8% was observed between the planned and measured doses of TLDs and a 1.5-mm distance to agreement (DTA) was observed by comparing isodose line profiles. Passed the gamma criteria of 3%/3 mm was with good percentages.

Conclusion

The dosimetric performance of VMAT delivery for a challenging H&N radiotherapy can be verified using TLDs and films embedded in an anthropomorphic H&N phantom.
Assessing threats to shallow groundwater quality from soil pollutants in Glasgow, UK: development of a new screening tool
Authors: Fordyce F. M. , Ó Dochartaigh B. É. , Bonsor H. C. , Ander E. L. , Graham M. T. , McCuaig R. , Lovatt M.
Published: November 2018

A new GIS-based screening tool to assess threats to shallow groundwater quality has been trialled in Glasgow, UK. The GRoundwater And Soil Pollutants (GRASP) tool is based on a British Standard method for assessing the threat from potential leaching of metal pollutants in unsaturated soil/superficial materials to shallow groundwater, using data on soil and Quaternary deposit properties, climate and depth to groundwater. GRASP breaks new ground by also incorporating a new Glasgow-wide soil chemistry dataset. GRASP considers eight metals, including chromium, lead and nickel at 1622 soil sample locations. The final output is a map to aid urban management, which highlights areas where shallow groundwater quality may be at risk from current and future surface pollutants. The tool indicated that 13% of soil sample sites in Glasgow present a very high potential threat to groundwater quality, due largely to shallow groundwater depths and high soil metal concentrations. Initial attempts to validate GRASP revealed partial spatial coincidence between the GRASP threat ranks (low, moderate, high and very high) and groundwater chemistry, with statistical correlation between areas of high soil and groundwater metal concentrations for both Cr and Cu (r2>0.152; P<0.05). Validation was hampered by a lack of, and inconsistency in, existing groundwater chemistry data. To address this, standardised subsurface data collection networks have been trialled recently in Glasgow. It is recommended that, once available, new groundwater depth and chemistry information from these networks is used to validate the GRASP model further.
Determining the fate of missing persons: The importance of archives for “dealing with the past” mechanisms
Authors: Baumgartner Elisabeth , Ott Lisa
Published: November 2018

This article discusses the role of archives of transitional justice and “dealing with the past” (DWP) mechanisms when determining the fate of missing persons. The concept of dealing with the past, the terms “enforced disappearance” and “missing person”, and the specific role of archives in periods of transition are examined. Subsequently, specific questions and challenges related to access and use of archives by DWP mechanisms, including those mechanisms with a mandate to determine the fate of missing persons, are described. Many questions related to access to archives, information management and preservation of records are similarly applicable to DWP mechanisms in general and to specific mechanisms mandated to search for missing persons. The article provides some examples of States’ obligations related to maintaining and providing access to archives that could assist in the search for missing persons under international law and policy. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of the preservation and protection of archives relevant for dealing with the past. It further highlights the need to grant DWP mechanisms, especially those aimed at determining the fate of missing persons, access to those archives.
Think Ahead: Cost Discounting and External Validity in Foreign Policy Survey Experiments
Authors: Huddleston R. Joseph
Published: November 2018

This paper considers the implications of construal level theory in the context of survey experiments probing foreign policy opinion formation. Psychology research demonstrates that people discount the long-term consequences of decisions, thinking about distal or hypothetical events more abstractly than immediate scenarios. I argue that this tendency introduces a bias into survey experiments on foreign policy opinion. Respondents reasoning about an impending military engagement are likelier to consider its costs than are those reasoning in the abstract hypothetical environment. I provide evidence of this bias by replicating a common audience costs experimental design and introducing a prompt to consider casualties. I find that priming respondents to articulate their expectations about casualties in a foreign intervention reduces support and dampens the experimental effect, thereby cutting the estimated absolute audience cost substantially. This result suggests a gap between how survey respondents approach hypothetical and real situations of military intervention.
Supporting Shy Students in the Classroom
Authors: Korem Anat
Published: November 2018

Abstract. The current era is characterized by rapid changes, multiple transitions, an emphasis on communication skills, and the frequent need to adapt to new social frameworks. Consequently, in recent years, there has been a rise in awareness regarding the consequences of shyness, a phenomenon that dictates various aspects of a person’s life, for example, career choices and forming relationships. Research in this field indicates the necessity of supporting shy individuals from an early age in order to assist them expand the scope of their social experiences and realize their personal potential. This review sums up the theory and the research of support for shy pupils in the school framework. There are two parts to the article. The first reviews the nature of shyness, including its impact on the lives of children, adolescents, and adults, and risk and protective factors. The second part focuses on support of shy pupils in educational frameworks, including teachers’ outlooks on the subject, supportive strategies, and a proposal for how to present the subject to teachers. The last part describes directions for further research.
Revisiting Earthquakes in the Los Angeles, California, Basin During the Early Instrumental Period: Evidence for an Association With Oil Production
Authors: Hough Susan E. , Bilham Roger
Published: November 2018

A total of seven independentML ≥ 4.0 earthquakes occurred in the Los Angeles, California, basin, during the early instrumental period between 1932 and 1952, the largest of which was the 1933 Long Beach earthquake. Revising available macroseismic and instrumental data for a total of 6 4.0 ≤ ML ≤ 5.1 events between 1938 and 1944, we conclude that early instrumental locations can be grossly inconsistent with detailed macroseismic data. We use available macroseismic data to revisit event locations. We further present evidence that most if not all of these moderate earthquakes may have been induced by oil production. We quantify the predicted stress change associated with production from eight oil fields in the southwestern Los Angeles basin and show that frictional failure would have been encouraged beneath and at the periphery of high‐volume fields, with stress changes upward of 0.1 MPa at 5‐km depth. The results suggest that if earthquakes are induced by stress changes associated with production, the magnitudes of events might tend to be limited by the limited spatial extent of lobes of increased Coulomb failure stress. It further appears that the advent of fluid injection recovery methods (water‐flooding) around 1960 mitigated induced earthquake risk considerably.
EPH receptor A2 governs a feedback loop that activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling in gastric cancer
Authors: Peng Qiu , Chen Ling , Wu Wei , Wang Jia , Zheng Xiang , Chen Zihua , Jiang Qin , Han Jiaqi , Wei Lingyu , Wang Lujuan , Huang Jin , Ma Jian
Published: November 2018

The erythropoietin-producing hepatoma (EPH) receptor A2 (EphA2) belongs to the Eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases. EphA2 is highly correlated with the formation of many solid tumors and has been linked to the dysregulation of signaling pathways that promote tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion as well as angiogenesis. Deregulation of Wnt signaling is implicated in many forms of human disease including gastric cancer. We previously reported that EphA2 promotes the epithelial–mesenchymal transition through Wnt/β-catenin signaling in gastric cancer. Herein, we present a novel mechanism by which EphA2 regulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling. EphA2 acts as a receptor for Wnt ligands and recruits Axin1 to the plasma membrane by directly binding Dvl2. The EphA2-Dvl2/Axin1 interaction was enhanced by Wnt3a treatment, suggesting that EphA2 acts as a functional receptor for the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and plays a vital role in downstream signaling. We showed that Dvl2 mediates the EphA2-Axin1 interaction by binding to the tyrosine kinase domain of EphA2. We propose that EphA2/Dvl2/Axin1 forms a complex that destabilizes the β-catenin destruction complex and allows β-catenin to translocate to the nucleus and initiate the transcription of c-MYC, the primary Wnt signaling target gene. Intriguingly, c-MYC could bind directly to the EphA2 and Wnt1 promoter to enhance their transcription. The entire process formed an EphA2-mediated feed-forward loop. A small molecular inhibitor of EphA2 potently inhibited the proliferation of gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo, including gastric cancer patient–derived xenografts. Thus, our data identify EphA2 as an excellent candidate for gastric cancer therapy.
Autophagy promotes angiogenesis via AMPK/Akt/mTOR signaling during the recovery of heat-denatured endothelial cells
Authors: Liang Pengfei , Jiang Bimei , Li Yuanbin , Liu Zhenguo , Zhang Pihong , Zhang Minghua , Huang Xiaoyuan , Xiao Xianzhong
Published: November 2018

Our previous study demonstrated that angiogenesis increased during the recovery of heat-denatured endothelial cells. However, the mechanism is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relation of autophagy and angiogenesis during the recovery of heat-denatured endothelial cells. A rat deep partial-thickness burn model and heat-denatured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) model (52 °C for 35 s) were used. Autophagy increased significantly in the dermis and HUVECs in a time-dependent manner after heat denaturation and recovery for 2–5 days. Rapamycin-mediated autophagy enhanced the pro-angiogenic effect, evidenced by increased proliferation and migration of HUVECs, and formation of tube-like structures. Autophagy inhibition by 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) abolished the angiogenesis in heat-denatured HUVECs after recovery for 3–5 days. Moreover, heat denaturation augmented the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) but reduced the phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR in HUVECs. Furthermore, autophagy inhibition by antioxidant NAC, compound C or AMPK siRNA impaired cell proliferation, migration and tube formation heat-denatured HUVECs. At last, the in vivo experiments also showed that inhibition of autophagy by bafilomycin A1 could suppress angiogenesis and recovery of heat-denatured dermis.Taken together, we firstly revealed that autophagy promotes angiogenesis via AMPK/Akt/mTOR signaling during the recovery of heat-denatured endothelial cells and may provide a potential therapeutic target for the recovery of heat-denatured dermis.
Whole-genome sequences of Malawi cichlids reveal multiple radiations interconnected by gene flow
Authors: Malinsky Milan , Svardal Hannes , Tyers Alexandra M. , Miska Eric A. , Genner Martin J. , Turner George F. , Durbin Richard
Published: November 2018

The hundreds of cichlid fish species in Lake Malawi constitute the most extensive recent vertebrate adaptive radiation. Here we characterize its genomic diversity by sequencing 134 individuals covering 73 species across all major lineages. The average sequence divergence between species pairs is only 0.1–0.25%. These divergence values overlap diversity within species, with 82% of heterozygosity shared between species. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that diversification initially proceeded by serial branching from a generalistAstatotilapia-like ancestor. However, no single species tree adequately represents all species relationships, with evidence for substantial gene flow at multiple times. Common signatures of selection on visual and oxygen transport genes shared by distantly related deep-water species point to both adaptive introgression and independent selection. These findings enhance our understanding of genomic processes underlying rapid species diversification, and provide a platform for future genetic analysis of the Malawi radiation.
Author Correction: Behavioral abnormalities with disruption of brain structure in mice overexpressing VGF
Authors: Mizoguchi Takahiro , Minakuchi Hiroko , Ishisaka Mitsue , Tsuruma Kazuhiro , Shimazawa Masamitsu , Hara Hideaki
Published: November 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Cobalt doping of tin disulfide/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites for enhanced pseudocapacitive sodium-ion storage
Authors: Jia Hao , Chen Chen , Oladele Olabode , Tang Yongan , Li Guoqing , Zhang Xiangwu , Yan Fei
Published: November 2018

Rechargeable sodium-ion batteries are receiving intense interest as a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries, however, the absence of high-performance anode materials limits their further commercialization. Here we prepare cobalt-doped tin disulfide/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites via a microwave-assisted hydrothermal approach. These nanocomposites maintain a capacity of 636.2 mAh g−1 after 120 cycles under a current density of 50 mA g−1, and display a capacity of 328.3 mA h g−1 after 1500 cycles under a current density of 2 A g−1. The quantitative capacitive analysis demonstrates that the electrochemical performance of the nanocomposite originates from the combined effects of cobalt and sulfur doping, resulting in the enhanced pseudocapacitive contribution (52.8 to 89.8% at 1 mV s−1) of tin disulfide. This work provides insight into tuning the structure of layered transition metal dichalcogenides via heteroatom doping to develop high-performance anode materials for sodium-ion batteries.
Digital versatile discs as platforms for multiplexed genotyping based on selective ligation and universal microarray detection
Authors: Tortajada-Genaro Luis A. , Niñoles Regina , Mena Salvador , Maquieira Ángel
Published: November 2018

The development of a high-performance assay readout using integrated detectors is a current challenge in the implementation of DNA tests in diagnostic laboratories, particularly for supporting pharmacogenetic tests.
A single but hydrogen-bonded water molecule confined in an anisotropic subnanospace
Authors: Hashikawa Yoshifumi , Hasegawa Shota , Murata Yasujiro
Published: November 2018

A single but H-bonded H2O was realized within an anisotropic subnanospace using an open-cage C60 derivative having hydroxy groups on the opening.
Multi-colour bipolar electrochemiluminescence for heavy metal ion detection
Authors: Moghaddam Mohammad Reza , Carrara Serena , Hogan Conor F.
Published: November 2018

We report a new approach to heavy metal ion detection based on bipolar electrochemiluminescence (BP-ECL), which is simple and low cost yet highly sensitive.
Investigation of K modified P2 Na0.7Mn0.8Mg0.2O2 as a cathode material for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Sehrawat Divya , Cheong Soshan , Rawal Aditya , Glushenkov Alexey M. , Brand Helen E. A. , Cowie Bruce , Gonzalo Elena , Rojo Teófilo , Naeyaert Pierre J. P. , Ling Chris D. , Avdeev Maxim , Sharma Neeraj
Published: November 2018

We demonstrate that K addition to P2-Na0.7Mn0.8Mg0.2O2 results in an inhomogeneous distribution and leads to inferior electrochemical performance relative to the parent.
Rationalising crystal nucleation of organic molecules in solution using artificial neural networks
Authors: Hjorth Timothy , Svärd Michael , Rasmuson Åke C.
Published: November 2018

Artificial neural network modelling is used to analyse and predict primary nucleation based on various physicochemical solute and solvent parameters.
Influence of humidity and iron(iii) on photodegradation of atmospheric secondary organic aerosol particles
Authors: Arroyo Pablo Corral , Malecha Kurtis T. , Ammann Markus , Nizkorodov Sergey A.
Published: November 2018

The absorption of solar actinic radiation by atmospheric secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles drives condensed-phase photochemical processes, which lead to particle mass loss by the production of CO, CO2, hydrocarbons, and various oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs).
Correction: Polymeric hole-transport materials with side-chain redox-active groups for perovskite solar cells with good reproducibility
Authors: Fuentes Pineda Rosinda , Lake Benjamin R. M. , Troughton Joel , Sanchez-Molina Irene , Chepelin Oleg , Haque Saif A. , Watson Trystan , Shaver Michael P. , Robertson Neil
Published: November 2018

Correction for ‘Polymeric hole-transport materials with side-chain redox-active groups for perovskite solar cells with good reproducibility’ by Rosinda Fuentes Pineda et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2018, 20, 25738–25745.
Correction: Oxygen diffusion in single crystal barium titanate
Authors: Kessel Markus , De Souza Roger A. , Martin Manfred
Published: November 2018

Correction for ‘Oxygen diffusion in single crystal barium titanate’ by Markus Kessel et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2015, 17, 12587–12597.
Homogeneous carbon dioxide reduction with p-block element-containing reductants
Authors: Wang Xianya , Xia Chungu , Wu Lipeng
Published: November 2018

In this tutorial review, carbon dioxide reduction with various reductants containing p-block elements (E = B, Si, P, Al, Ga, Ge, Sn) other than H2 are discussed.
Regulating peroxidase-like activity of Pd nanocubes through surface inactivation and its application for sulfide detection
Authors: Wang Yi , Zhang Pu , Liu Lei , Xue Fei , Liu Maochang , Li Ling , Fu Wensheng
Published: November 2018

The peroxidase-like activity of Pd nanocubes is regulated by the formation of surface PdS layers, which has been applied for sulfide assay in environmental water samples.
Clean synthesis of ZnCo2O4@ZnCo-LDHs yolk–shell nanospheres composed of ultra-thin nanosheets with enhanced electrocatalytic properties
Authors: Pan Jing , Wang Fan , Zhang Lingling , Song Shuyan , Zhang Hongjie
Published: November 2018

ZnCo2O4@ZnCo-LDHs yolk–shell nanospheres are prepared by a clean approach via controlled hydrolysis of mixed metal glycolates. The structures exhibit good oxygen evolution reaction activity.
Preconditioning lessens high fat induced metabolic syndrome along with markers of increased metabolic capacity in muscle and adipose tissue
Authors: Li Songpei , Zhou Xiu , Jo Eunjung , Mahzari Ali , Fouda Sherouk , Li Dongli , Zhang Kun , Ye Ji-Ming
Published: November 2018

Postnatal overconsumption of fat is believed to increase the susceptibility to metabolic disease in the later life. Here we examined whether prior exposure to high fat (HF) in the adulthood may also accelerate the development of metabolic disorders in mice. Adult mice (12 weeks) were pre-exposed to two episodes of an HF diet each for 2 weeks followed by 2 weeks of washout with a low-fat diet. The mice were then fed the same HF diet for 6 weeks. Unexpectedly, prior exposures to HF diet significantly alleviated body weight gain, visceral adiposity and glucose/insulin intolerance during the period of last HF feeding. These protective effects were evident without changing calorie intake and were specific for HF, but not high fructose (HFru) diet. Following the HF prior exposures was increases in plasma fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), the expressions of phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase (pAMPK), mitochondrial complex II and the expression of uncoupling protein (UCP) 3 in muscle and UCP1 and Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in adipose tissue. However, in the liver there was no significant change in pAMPK, SIRT1 expression or the capacity of glucose production. These findings indicated that, instead of exacerbating metabolic conditions, prior exposures to HF diet lead to the preconditioning against subsequent overload of HF, possibly involving FGF21-associated enhancement of markers for metabolic capacity in muscle and adipose tissue. This paradoxical phenomenon may offer a unique paradigm to identify factors and explore dietary ingredients with beneficial effects for the control of the metabolic syndrome in humans.
Research on meteorological information network security system based on VPN Technology
Authors: Chen Jianyun , Li Chunyan
Published: November 2018

In this paper, the concept of VPN and the security technology are studied. In combination with the characteristics of the network, the security technology of the remote access VPN server and the client is discussed, the VPN security system of the meteorological special network is designed, and the VPN network security system of the meteorological network is realized.
One signal processing method of OCT based on colored noise extended Kalman filter
Authors: Zeng Jingru , Li Yansong , Liu Jun
Published: November 2018

When an optical current transformer is used to measure current, its output signal is mostly non-linear and contains colored noise; on the other hand, when the power system is in steady state operation, the frequency is not stable. This paper proposes an optical current transformer signal processing method based on colored noise extended Kalman filter which can reduce the measurement error caused by colored noise and realize frequency tracking. The following two cases are considered: 1) the dynamic noise is colored noise; 2) the observation noise is colored noise. In these two cases, the corresponding formulas of the proposed method are analyzed and derived. Simulation results showed that the extended Kalman filtering method based on colored noise can effectively filter the colored noise, and the output waveform and output error obtained by this method are improved effectively.
DOA Estimation for UCAs Based on Virtual Subarray Beamforming Technique
Authors: Xu Bo , Huang Zhigang
Published: November 2018

Direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation is always a hotspot research in the fields of radar, sonar, communication and so on. And uniform circular arrays (UCAs) are more attractive in the context of DOA estimation since their symmetrical structures have potential to provide two directions coverage. This paper proposed a new DOA estimation method for UCAs via virtual subarray beamforming technique. The method would provide an acceptable DOA estimate even if the number of sources is great than the number of array elements. Also, the performance of the proposed method would hold good when the snapshot length or the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is small. Simulations show that the proposed technique offers significantly improved estimation resolution, capacity, and accuracy relative to the existing techniques.
Development of Intelligent Terminal-based Signal Acquisition System for Cochlear Implant
Authors: Chen Yousheng , Chen Weifang
Published: November 2018

Present speech recognition of cochlear implant is still low for situation of noisy environment or under mismatch condition, and more researches focus on improving front-end signal acquisition and speech recognition. To simplify signal acquisition and algorithm research, we develop an intelligent terminal-based signal acquisition system for cochlear implant, in which the electric relay and many sensors are adopted to implement system monitoring function. The proposed system platform is helpful to actualize algorithm research and intelligent monitoring, adding to its value of further research of speech recognition improvement.
A Virtual Network Embedding Algorithm Based on Cellular Automata Genetic Mechanism
Authors: Zhuang Lei , Wang Guoqing , Wang Ming , Zhang Kunli
Published: November 2018

The optimal embedding problem of virtual network requests, which satisfies nodes and link constraints, is a NP-hard problem. Heuristic algorithms solve the problem with the mathematical model optimization, but it fails to consider the influence of the virtual network embedding node itself on the optimal solution. So the cellular automata genetic mechanism is introduced into the problem, and the virtual network embedding algorithm based on cellular genetic algorithm (VNE-CGA) has been proposed. VNE-CGA uses the cellular automata to model the node, and replaces the "B4567/S1234" rule with the crossover operation in genetic algorithm. Through learning from neighbours to guide the individual's optimization process, VNECGA improves the inherent defects of traditional genetic algorithm. The experimental results show that the request acceptance ratio and the long-term average revenue increase about 5% and 12%.