bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide identification and characterization of NAC genes in Brassica juncea var. tumida
Authors: Jiang Longxing , Sun Quan , Wang Yu , Chang Pingan , Kong Haohuan , Luo Changshu , He Xiaohong
Published: May 2021

Background

NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) transcription factors play an important role in plant growth and development. However, in tumorous stem mustard (Brassica juncea var. tumida), one of the economically important crops cultivated in southwest China and some southeast Asian countries, reports on the identification of NAC family genes are lacking. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide investigation of the NAC family genes in B. juncea var. tumida, based on its recently published genome sequence data.

Methods

The NAC genes were identified in B. juncea var. tumida using the bioinformatics approach on the whole genome level. Additionally, the expression of BjuNAC genes was analyzed under high- and low-temperature stresses by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).

Results

A total of 300 BjuNAC genes were identified, of which 278 were mapped to specific chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis of B. juncea var. tumida, Brassica rapa, Brassica nigra, rice and Arabidopsis thaliana NAC proteins revealed that all NAC genes were divided into 18 subgroups. Furthermore, gene structure analysis showed that most of the NAC genes contained two or three exons. Conserved motif analysis revealed that BjuNAC genes contain a conserved NAM domain. Additionally, qRT-PCR data indicated that thirteen BjuNAC genes with a varying degree of up-regulation during high-temperature stress. Conversely, four BjuNAC genes (BjuNAC006, BjuNAC083, BjuNAC170 and BjuNAC223) were up-regulated and two BjuNAC genes (BjuNAC074 and BjuNAC295) down-regulated under low temperature, respectively. Together, the results of this study provide a strong foundation for future investigation of the biological function of NAC genes in B. juncea var. tumida.
Temporal and spatial dynamics of gastrointestinal parasite infection in Père David’s deer
Authors: Xu Shanghua , Zhang Shumiao , Hu Xiaolong , Zhang Baofeng , Yang Shuang , Hu Xin , Liu Shuqiang , Hu Defu , Bai Jiade
Published: May 2021

Background

The Père David’s deer (Elaphurus davidianus) population was established from only a small number of individuals. Their genetic diversity is therefore relatively low and transmissible (parasitic) diseases affecting them merit further attention. Parasitic infections can affect the health, survival, and population development of the host. However, few reports have been published on the gastrointestinal parasites of Père David’s deer. The aims of this study were: (1) to identify the intestinal parasites groups in Père David’s deer; (2) to determine their prevalence and burden and clarify the effects of different seasons and regions on various indicators of Père David’s deer intestinal parasites; (3) to evaluate the effects of the Père David’s deer reproductive period on these parasites; (4) to reveal the regularity of the parasites in space and time.

Methods

In total, 1,345 Père David’s deer faecal samples from four regions during four seasons were tested using the flotation (saturated sodium nitrate solution) to identify parasites of different genus or group, and the McMaster technique to count the number of eggs or oocysts.

Results

Four groups of gastrointestinal parasites were found, of which strongyles were dominant; their prevalence and burden were significantly higher than other groups. Significant temporal and spatial effects on gastrointestinal parasitic infection were found. Parasite diversity, prevalence, parasite burden, and aggregation were the highest in summer. Among the four regions, parasite diversity, prevalence, and burden were the highest in the Dongting Lake area. In addition, parasite diversity and burden during the reproductive period of Père David’s deer was significantly higher than during the post-reproductive period.

Conclusions

The summer season and the reproductive period of Père David’s deer had great potential for parasite transmission, and there is a high risk of parasite outbreaks in the Dongting Lake area.
Laudationes Quinque (1766): historia, materialidad y tecnología gráfica del primer impreso jesuítico de Córdoba, Argentina
Authors:   Universidad Provincial de Córdoba, Escuela Superior de Artes Aplicadas L. E. Spilimbergo, Silverman Daniel Enrique , Garone Gravier Marina ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Bibliográficas
Published: May 2021

En este texto se detalla la localización y se identifican las características materiales del único ejemplar conocido del Laudationes Quinque. La obra es el primer libro impreso en la ciudad de Córdoba (1766) durante el periodo colonial, que pertenecía al virreinato del Río de la Plata (actualmente Argentina). Empleando la perspectiva material y considerando los elementos de tecnología gráfica de la imprenta manual antigua, así como la mirada del diseño gráfico, se llevó a cabo un análisis visual del documento. Ese trabajo reveló aspectos compositivos del diseño de las páginas y elementos de la comunicación gráfica que han sido frecuentemente relegados por los historiadores y bibliógrafos. Este trabajo se suma a un estudio previo que se llevó a cabo a partir de un facsímil de la obra; por lo tanto, tomamos aquellos resultados como un estudio preliminar y ahora ofrecemos resultados sobre la base del análisis material.
CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF AMALAKYADI GANA IN EYE DISORDERS: A REVIEW
Authors: Sharma Swati , Tripathi Ankur
Published: May 2021

Prevention of Eye from various diseases and maintenance of normal vision in today’s digital world is of prime importance. Eyes are especially susceptible and prone to Kapha. That’s why the factors, which are vitiating Pitta or Kapha will lead to eye disorders. The proper use of Chakshushya and Rasayana Dravyas will facilitate to maintain the health of the Netra (eyes) and prevents age related eye disorders. The Chakshushya effect of Amalakyadi gana has been mentioned by Acharya Sushruta in the Sutra Sthana. ‘Amalakyadi Gana’ contains four drugs i.e., Amalaki, Haritaki, Pippali, Chitraka. Each of the drugs exhibit beneficial effects in ocular conditions. Combination of all the four drugs together may work wonder. This review work may help to encourage scientists to elaborate Amalakyadi Gana beneficence in ocular diseases.
CORIANDER (CORIANDRUM SATIVUM): A COMMON INDIAN TRADITIONAL SPICE AND AYURVEDIC REMEDY
Authors: Thakur Shifali , Kumari Isha , Chaudhary Shailja , S Madhusudan , Kaurav Hemlata , Chaudhary Gitika
Published: May 2021

Coriandrum sativum is commonly known as dhaniya. It is an annual herb and used as a spice from ancient times. The fresh leaves of this plant are called Cilantro. The seeds, leaves, and fruits of this plant are edible and have an aromatic odour, and are used as a flavour in curries, soup, and other Indian dishes. Fruit of this plant is used in the preparation of pastries, buns, cakes and also for the preparation of curry powder and other flavours. Coriander seed is also known for its medicinal importance especially the seeds of this plant are used for the preparation of Ayurveda medicines as well as used traditionally in different tribes for the preparation of various ailments. Coriander plant is considered as a medicinal herb in traditional medicine system as it has various properties like they act as anti-diuretic, anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive, aphrodisiac, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-asthmatic agent.
A REVIEW ON KWATHA EXTRACT SACHETS: A PRESERVATIVE FREE AND PATIENT FRIENDLY ALTERNATIVE DOSAGE FORM OF THE TRADITIONAL KWATHA
Authors: Surendran Emy S , T P Sinimol , G N Sreedeepthi
Published: May 2021

Ayurveda is a science with deep insight and keen observation. It is rich in an exquisite collection of medicinal preparations suitable in diverse conditions. Kwatha kalpana/kwatha (decoction) which is a highly significant and an inevitable form of medication in almost all prescriptions by an Ayurvedic physician is the primary subject of this study. It is a water-based preparation to extract active compounds from medicinal plant materials. The classical textbooks of Ayurveda, insists on the administration of Kwatha immediately after preparation, while it is warm. But it is quite difficult to dispense this dosage form fresh. Thus, a probable solution for this is to modify this dosage form in such a way that it can be stored for a considerable time without losing its efficacy. The pharmacies have thus devised a method such that the liquid Kwathas can be preserved as per modern techniques to preserve food, i.e., by using class II chemical preservatives. At present various other methods are also available to dispense Kwathas. They are: kashaya tablets, kashaya choorna (coarse powder), Kashaya Sukshma choorna (fine powder) etc. Each of these modifications have their own merits and demerits. Hence in this study details of the kwatha converted into extract form are being discussed. Kwatha prepared in the usual method can be spray powdered to prepare the extract which is to be dried at a particular temperature. Then it may be packed in airtight containers in a dehumidified atmosphere. Patients can prepare kwatha by dissolving the extract in warm water. The advantages of this dosage form are that it is preservative free, there is no gastric irritation, faster absorption, easy to prepare and easy to carry.
CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF ARTAVAVAHA SROTAS AND THEIR MOOLASTHANA WITH CONTEMPORARY MEDICAL SCIENCE: A REVIEW
Authors: Singhal Tina , Yadav Ashutosh Kumar
Published: May 2021

A female is not only the beautiful but also one of the most important creations of God especially for her ability to reproduce. Ayurveda aims at producing "Supraja'' or healthy progeny. In Ayurveda there is a description of Shuddha Shukra (semen) and Shuddha Artava for formation of Garbha (foetus). Artavavaha Srotas (channels of menstrual flow) with its Moolasthana (root) has been mentioned, along with Patho-physiology, clinical conditions and Ayurvedic treatment. Many terms regarding the female reproductive system have been described. After reviewing Artavavaha Srotas, it’s very much similar to the female genital system in modern anatomical science. These Srotas (channels) can be interpreted as physio-pathological anatomy i.e., structures of female genital system like uterus, fallopian tube, uterine vessels, ovarian vessels and functionally female hormones both are included in this study.
Collaboration between Special Education Teachers and Regular Education Teachers: Implications for Professional Development
Authors: Alghazo Emad M. , Alkhazaleh Mohammad Salman
Published: May 2021

It is essential that special education teachers help and support regular education teachers so tat they can work effectively with special needs students in their classes. Students with disabilities need modified lesson plans and methods of teaching in order to succeed and since the majority of teachers in regular education are not trained to work with special needs students, it becomes important that they collaborate with special education to teachers to provide the needed support for those students. Hence, the current study aimed at identifying the level of practicing collaboration between special education teachers and regular education teachers in Abu Dhabi school district. The study sample consisted of 135 teachers; 75 regular education teachers and 60 special education teachers. A researcher designed questionnaire based on extensive review of literature was used and the final version of the questionnaire consisted of ten items. Analysis of data revealed that the level of collaboration between special education teachers and regular education teachers was medium; also no significant differences were found between teachers based on gender, however a significant difference was found between teachers based on the level of education being better for those with higher education.
Bibliometric Analysis in the Studies of Speech Disorders of Preschoolers in Education between 1955 and 2019
Authors: Anh Truong Thi Thuy , Ly La Thi Bac , Nga Nguyen Thi Thu , Thuong Nguyen Thi Thuong , Giang Tran Thu , Luong Dinh-Hai
Published: May 2021

Speech disorders have been more researched than ever by scientists from various academic disciplines: social sciences or psychology generally and medical areas of language therapy or special education for children with a language disorder. The bibliometric analysis was used in this research to examine how the publications of speech disorders have been published during the sixty and five years between 1955 and 2019. The data showed that if they were classified into three phases, most of these publications were the third phase from 1999 to 2019 with original countries in the United States of America, the United Kingdom, and Australia. However, the leaders of knowledge in this sector had their research papers published from 1993 to 1999. These results explain the significant implications for varied tendencies of researches in the future.
Customers Behaviour and Tourist Attraction Factors of the Bestari Jaya Night Market
Authors: Ahmad Amri , Tian Chiew Boon , Hussain Muhammad Firdaus
Published: May 2021

This research explored the customers’ characteristics, and their visitation and spending patterns at the Bestari Jaya Night Market in the district of Kuala Selangor. It also looked into the night market environment and examined the factors that contributed towards the liveliness of the night market so as to ascertain if it would be attractive to both customers and tourists to visit. The findings indicated that the Bestari Jaya night market environment had a medium to low impact since the night market was of average size, with medium traders’ and customers’ density and diversity, and that, on average the customers spend only about 35 minutes. They would usually go directly to the stalls where they had planned to get their supplies which was mainly cooked food. Factors that could attract tourists would be the location of the night market since it was situated close to other popular and established tourist attraction sites, that the safety and security of the area is assured by the local authority, the cleanliness and wholesomeness of the cooked food, and that the prices of items were reasonable. Additionally, the tourists could, in a short time, be able to catch a glimpse of the local culture and taste the local cuisine. The Bestari Jaya night market operated only on Fridays, but every evening there would be at least one night market that would be operating in the Kuala Selangor and Sabak Bernam districts. Thus, tourists would be able to visit the night market on any chosen evening.
Digital Skills Readiness amongst Malaysian Service Sector Workforce
Authors: Yahya Syed Fairul Syed , Rahim Norshafiqah Abd , Tajudin Misyer
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to measure the digital skills readiness amongst Malaysian workforce in the service sector by looking into two crucial antecedent factors, namely facility and training as well as applied digital skills (hard digital skills and soft digital skills). The research framework is derived from Vygotsky’s Mediated Action Theory (1978) and tested using 384 samples from the Klang Valley through the statistic reported by the Department of Statistics Malaysia in Q4 2018. Random sampling methods were used, in which an online questionnaire was distributed through random acquittances and posted on social media such as LinkedIn and Facebook. The collected data were analysed using SPSS. The results indicated significant correlations between the ‘Facility and Training’ and the ‘Applied Digital skills – soft and hard digital skills’ with ‘Digital skills Readiness’. Discussions and recommendations are presented considering the crucial role that digital skills play in the general workforce of the future.
aHSCT is superior to alemtuzumab in maintaining NEDA and improving cognition in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Häußler Vivien , Ufer Friederike , Pöttgen Jana , Wolschke Christine , Friese Manuel A. , Kröger Nicolaus , Heesen Christoph , Stellmann Jan‐Patrick
Published: May 2021

Objective

Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) is increasingly recognized as a potential therapy for patients with highly active multiple sclerosis (MS). This study aims to assess outcome differences in disease activity in MS patients treated either with aHSCT or alemtuzumab.

Methods

We conducted a monocentric registry‐based cohort study by recording the clinical course (EDSS and relapses), MRI parameters (new T2 lesions), and neuropsychological assessment in all 19 MS patients receiving aHSCT, and all 21 patients receiving alemtuzumab between 2007 and 2018. We used survival analyses of no evidence of disease activity (NEDA) as the primary objective which was defined by no EDSS progression, no relapse, and no new T2 lesion on MRI. Secondary objectives were EDSS improvement and neurocognitive performance.

Results

Both treatment groups were similar in respect of age, gender, disability, and neurocognitive performance except for significantly longer disease duration in the alemtuzumab group. Mean follow‐up was 58.8 [range 29–140] months in the aHSCT group compared to 27.6 [range 11–52] months in the alemtuzumab‐treated group. We observed significantly more patients maintaining NEDA in the aHSCT group (p = 0.048) compared to the alemtuzumab‐treated patients. Furthermore, 37% of the aHSCT patients showed an improvement of EDSS compared to none in the alemtuzumab‐treated group (p = 0.033). It is of note that cognitive function was significantly improved in the aHSCT‐treated patients.

Interpretation

aHSCT suppresses inflammatory activity more effectively than alemtuzumab and might enable improvement of overall disability and cognition in MS.
Robust adaptive control of steer‐by‐wire systems under unknown state‐dependent uncertainties
Authors: Shukla Harsh , Roy Spandan , Gupta Satyam
Published: May 2021

Steer‐by‐wire (SBW) systems are considered as one of the most significant innovations among the technologies developed for advanced driver‐assistance systems and autonomous vehicles. The main control challenge in a SBW system is to follow the steering commands in the face of parametric uncertainties and external disturbances; crucially, perturbations in inertial parameters and damping forces give rise to state‐dependent uncertainties, which cannot be bounded a priori by a constant. However, the state‐of‐the‐art control methods of SBW system rely on a priori bounded uncertainties, and thus, become inapplicable when state‐dependent dynamics become unknown. This work, to the best of the authors' knowledge for the first time, proposes an adaptive control framework that can tackle the state‐dependent uncertainties and external disturbances in a typical SBW system without any a priori knowledge of their structures and of their bounds. The stability of the closed‐loop system is studied analytically via uniformly ultimately bounded notion and the effectiveness of the proposed solution is verified via simulations against the state‐of‐the‐art solution.
Observing and Modeling the Sequential Pairwise Reactions that Drive Solid‐State Ceramic Synthesis
Authors: Miura Akira , Bartel Christopher J. , Goto Yosuke , Mizuguchi Yoshikazu , Moriyoshi Chikako , Kuroiwa Yoshihiro , Wang Yongming , Yaguchi Toshie , Shirai Manabu , Nagao Masanori , Rosero‐Navarro Nataly Carolina , Tadanaga Kiyoharu , Ceder Gerbrand , Sun Wenhao
Published: May 2021

Solid‐state synthesis from powder precursors is the primary processing route to advanced multicomponent ceramic materials. Designing reaction conditions and precursors for ceramic synthesis can be a laborious, trial‐and‐error process, as heterogeneous mixtures of precursors often evolve through a complicated series of reaction intermediates. Here, ab initio thermodynamics is used to model which pair of precursors has the most reactive interface, enabling the understanding and anticipation of which non‐equilibrium intermediates form in the early stages of a solid‐state reaction. In situ X‐ray diffraction and in situ electron microscopy are then used to observe how these initial intermediates influence phase evolution in the synthesis of the classic high‐temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O6+x (YBCO). The model developed herein rationalizes how the replacement of the traditional BaCO3 precursor with BaO2 redirects phase evolution through a low‐temperature eutectic melt, facilitating the formation of YBCO in 30 min instead of 12+ h. Precursor selection plays an important role in tuning the thermodynamics of interfacial reactions and emerges as an important design parameter in planning kinetically favorable synthesis pathways to complex ceramic materials.
Multifunctional Graphdiyne–Cerium Oxide Nanozymes Facilitate MicroRNA Delivery and Attenuate Tumor Hypoxia for Highly Efficient Radiotherapy of Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Zhou Xuantong , You Min , Wang Fuhui , Wang Zhenzhen , Gao Xingfa , Jing Chao , Liu Jiaming , Guo Mengyu , Li Jiayang , Luo Aiping , Liu Huibiao , Liu Zhihua , Chen Chunying
Published: May 2021

Radioresistance is an important challenge for clinical treatments. The main causes of radioresistance include hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment, the antioxidant system within cancer cells, and the upregulation of DNA repair proteins. Here, a multiple radiosensitization strategy of high‐Z‐element‐based radiation enhancement is designed, attenuating hypoxia and microRNA therapy. The novel 2D graphdiyne (GDY) can firmly anchor and disperse CeO2 nanoparticles to form GDY–CeO2 nanocomposites, which exhibit superior catalase‐mimic activity in decomposing H2O2 to O2 to significantly alleviate tumor hypoxia, promote radiation‐induced DNA damage, and ultimately inhibit tumor growth in vivo. The miR181a‐2‐3p (miR181a) serum levels in patients are predictive of the response to preoperative radiotherapy in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and facilitate personalized treatment. Moreover, miR181a can act as a radiosensitizer by directly targeting RAD17 and regulating the Chk2 pathway. Subsequently, the GDY–CeO2 nanocomposites with miR181a are conjugated with the iRGD‐grafted polyoxyethylene glycol (short for nano‐miR181a), which can increase the stability, efficiently deliver miR181a to tumor, and exhibit low toxicity. Notably, nano‐miR181a can overcome radioresistance and enhance therapeutic efficacy both in a subcutaneous tumor model and human‐patient‐derived xenograft models. Overall, this GDY–CeO2 nanozyme and miR181a‐based multisensitized radiotherapy strategy provides a promising therapeutic approach for ESCC.
Vancomycin‐Loaded Microneedle Arrays against Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Skin Infections
Authors: Ziesmer Jill , Tajpara Poojabahen , Hempel Nele‐Johanna , Ehrström Marcus , Melican Keira , Eidsmo Liv , Sotiriou Georgios A.
Published: May 2021

Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) caused by methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are a major healthcare burden, often treated with intravenous injection of the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin (VAN). However, low local drug concentration in the skin limits its treatment efficiency, while systemic exposure promotes the development of resistant bacterial strains. Topical administration of VAN on skin is ineffective as its high molecular weight prohibits transdermal penetration. In order to implement a local VAN delivery, microneedle (MN) arrays with a water‐insoluble support layer for the controlled administration of VAN into the skin are developed. The utilization of such a support layer results in water‐insoluble needle shafts surrounded by drug‐loaded water‐soluble tips with high drug encapsulation. The developed MN arrays can penetrate the dermal barriers of both porcine and fresh human skin. Permeation studies on porcine skin reveal that the majority of the delivered VAN is retained within the skin. It is shown that the VAN‐MN array reduces MRSA growth both in vitro and ex vivo on skin. The developed VAN‐MN arrays may be extended to several drugs and may facilitate localized treatment of MRSA‐caused skin infections while minimizing adverse systemic effects.
Modification of the Coordination Environment of Active Sites on MoC for High‐Efficiency CH4 Production
Authors: Han Lili , Liu Xijun , He Jia , Liang Zhixiu , Wang Hsiao‐Tsu , Bak Seong‐Min , Zhang Jingmin , Hunt Adrian , Waluyo Iradwikanari , Pong Way‐Faung , Luo Jun , Ding Yi , Adzic Radoslav R. , Xin Huolin L.
Published: May 2021

Modulating the coordination environment of active sites on catalyst surfaces is crucial to developing effective catalysts and controlling catalysis. However, this may be a highly challenging procedure. Guided by the first‐principles calculations, the modification of the coordination environment of active sites on MoC nanoparticle surfaces is experimentally accomplished by anchoring pyridinic N atom rings of holey graphene on Mo atoms. The rings produce electrostatic forces that enable the tuning of the Mo sites′ affinity to reaction intermediates, which passivates Mo hollow sites, activates Mo top sites, and reduces the overadsorption of OH on the Mo active sites, as predicted by calculations. The atomic‐level modification is well confirmed by atomic‐resolution imaging, high‐resolution electron tomography, synchrotron soft X‐ray spectroscopy, and operando electrochemical infrared spectroscopy. Consequently, the Faradaic efficiency for CO2 reduction to CH4 is enhanced from 16% to 89%, a record high efficiency so far, in aqueous electrolytes. It also exhibits a negligible activity loss over 50 h.
Metal‐Halide Perovskite Crystallization Kinetics: A Review of Experimental and Theoretical Studies
Authors: Xie Yue‐Min , Xue Qifan , Yip Hin‐Lap
Published: May 2021

Metal‐halide perovskites (MHPs) are regarded as ideal photovoltaic materials because of their variable crystal material composition and superb optoelectronic performance. However, this compositional variability results in a complicated crystallization process during MHP film fabrication, leading to reduced MHP film crystallinity and decreased performance of devices containing such films. The crystallization kinetics of MHPs have therefore been extensively explored in efforts to determine the effect of crystallization properties on MHP film properties and figure out the corresponding modulating strategies. Here, the first comprehensive review of reported studies on the crystallization properties of 3D MHPs is presented. The experimental and theoretical research on 3D MHP crystallization kinetics is systematically surveyed, and the methods that are used for modulating MHP crystallization are summarized, namely, solution engineering, compositional engineering, interfacial engineering, and additive passivation. Meanwhile, the prospects and current challenges in revealing perovskite crystallization kinetics are suggested.
A clinico‐pathological study of geriatric anemias
Authors: Agravat Amit H. , Pujara Krupal , Kothari Ravi Kiritkumar , Dhruva Gauravi A.
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Anemia in the older age (e.g., >60 years) is a major health problem in India and many parts of the world since it signifies an underlying disease and is associated with poor clinical outcome like increased morbidity and affects health‐related quality of life. Since symptoms like fatigue or shortness of breath related to anemia could also be attributed to the aging process, anemia is often easily overlooked in the elderly.

Aims and objectives

Clinico‐hematological patterns and morphological types of anemia in older age (e.g. >60 years) are manifold, hence this study was undertaken to determine them and to know more about associated disorders.

Materials and methodology

The present study was conducted on a sample size of 1257 patients who were 60 years and above and clinically diagnosed as anemic. Routine haematological investigations including peripheral blood smear examination and complete hemogram were done. Special investigations like bone‐marrow examination and iron studies were done whenever required.

Results

Males (aged >60 years) were more affected than females (aged >60 years) and patients in the age group of 60–69 years were affected the most. The most common presenting symptom was generalized weakness. The most common morphological type was normocytic normochromic anemia, and chronic diseases were the commonest etiological factors.

Conclusion

In spite of modern diagnostic advances, geriatric anemias still remain under‐reported and inadequately investigated, necessitating evaluation of even mild anemias. Prompt diagnosis and definite categorization helps in appropriate management of anemias.
Smart Contact Lenses for Biosensing Applications
Authors: Ma Xin , Ahadian Samad , Liu Song , Zhang Jingwen , Liu Shengnan , Cao Teng , Lin Wenbin , Wu Dong , de Barros Natan Roberto , Zare Mohammad Reza , Diltemiz Sibel Emir , Jucaud Vadim , Zhu Yangzhi , Zhang Shiming , Banton Ethan , Gu Yue , Nan Kewang , Xu Sheng , Dokmeci Mehmet Remzi , Khademhosseini Ali
Published: May 2021

Smart contact lenses have emerged as novel wearable devices. Due to their multifunctional biosensing capabilities and highly integrated performance, they provide a great platform for the diagnosis of eye diseases and the delivery of drugs. Herein, a brief history of the development of contact lenses is given. Then, the state‐of‐the‐art design and fabrication of smart contact lenses for biomedical applications, including contact lens materials, fabrication technologies, and integration, are presented. Furthermore, biosensors implemented in contact lenses to measure lactic acid, glucose, intraocular pressure, and other key metabolites in tears are highlighted. Applications of smart contact lenses in drug delivery are also described. These unique features make smart contact lenses promising diagnostic and treatment devices. Challenges and future opportunities for further applications of smart contact lenses in biomedicine are also discussed.
Childhood onset nexilin dilated cardiomyopathy: A heterozygous and a homozygous case
Authors: Bruyndonckx Luc , Vogelzang Judith L. , Bugiani Marianna , Straver Bart , Kuipers Irene M. , Onland Wes , Nannenberg Eline A. , Clur Sally‐Ann , & van der Crabben Saskia N.
Published: May 2021

Pathogenic heterozygous NEXN variants are associated with progressive dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) usually presenting around 50 years of age. We describe an asymptomatic boy who had transient DCM at 3 months of age, that resolved by 4 months. Presently, at 11 years of age, he has normal cardiac function with signs of mild DCM on cardiac MRI. Genetic diagnostics revealed a paternally derived, heterozygous 1949_1951del class 4 variant in NEXN. His father had mild DCM with mildly reduced systolic function. The second patient presented with fetal hydrops at 33 weeks gestation requiring emergency caesarian delivery. Postnatally she required ventilation and continuous inotropic support for left ventricle systolic dysfunction. She died after 2 weeks when therapy was withdrawn. Homozygous c.1174C > T,p.(R392*) class 4 variants in the NEXN gene were found via WES. Microscopic investigation showed endomyocardial fibroelastosis. Her parents, both heterozygous carriers, had normal cardiac function and the family history was normal. These patients show a new clinical spectrum of pediatric cardiac disease seen in heterozygous and homozygous NEXN variants, ranging from mild, transient DCM to a severe, fatal neonatal DCM. These patients support the inclusion of the NEXN gene in the investigation of pediatric patients with DCM, even in cases with transient DCM.
Direct 1,2‐Oxosulfenylation of Acetylenic Sulfones with DMSO
Authors: Fu Duo , Dong Jun , Wang Jiayi , Xu Jiaxi
Published: May 2021

Direct 1,2‐oxosulfenylation of acetylenic sulfones with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is realized under microwave irradiation. The current method provides a direct and efficient route to synthesize β‐keto thiosulfones from acetylenic sulfones and DMSO, featuring metal‐free, low cost, and convenient advantages. The mechanistic investigations indicate that acetylenic sulfones first react with DMSO to generate sulfonium ylides through the nucleophilic addition, cyclization, and 4e ring opening. The sulfonium ylides and the DMSO‐generated dimethyl sulfide at the aid of the ylides undergo a radical process to form β‐keto thiosulfones under heating.
Transcriptome reveal the response to Cry1Ac toxin in susceptible Bombyx mori
Authors: Qin Sheng , Zhang Shu , Sun Xia , Kong Yunhui , Hou Chengxiang , Li Muwang
Published: May 2021

Bombyx mori as a representative in Lepidoptera is an important economic insect in agriculture production. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a bacterial pathogen in silkworm production. Understanding how silkworm respond to Bt‐toxin can provide guidance to cultivate resistant silkworm strains. Cry1Ac is one type of Bt‐toxin. In current research, Dazao, a susceptible B. mori strain to Bt‐toxin, was treated by Cry1Ac toxin and compared its transcriptome with untreated samples. This analysis detected 1234 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene Ontology, KEGG, and UniProt keyword enrichment analysis showed that DEGs include ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporter, stress response, cuticle, and protein synthesis, and folding process. Five ABC genes were upregulated after Cry1Ac treatment including ABCA2, ABCA3, and ABCC4. They are also known as the transporters of Bt‐toxin in lepidopteran insect. Expression of cuticle proteins was significantly increased at 6 h after Cry1Ac treatment. Sex‐specific storage‐proteins and heat shock protein were also upregulated in Cry1Ac treated samples. Our data provide an expression profile about the response of Cry1Ac toxin in susceptible B. mori strain.
Recent Advances in Late‐Stage Construction of Stapled Peptides via C−H Activation
Authors: Liu Jiang , Wang Peng , Yan Zhengqing , Yan Jiahui , Kenry  , Zhu Qing
Published: May 2021

Stapled peptides have been widely applied in many fields, including pharmaceutical chemistry, diagnostic reagents, and materials science. However, most traditional stapled peptide preparation methods rely on prefunctionalizations, which limit the diversity of stapled peptides. Recently, the emergence of late‐stage transition metal‐catalyzed C−H activation in amino acids and peptides has attracted wide interest due to its robustness and applicability for peptide stapling. In this review, we summarize the methods for late‐stage construction of stapled peptides via transition metal‐catalyzed C−H activation.
Detection and prediction of active ingredients in fingerprints of traditional Chinese medicine from a high‐dimensional perspective
Authors: Xia Wenjun , Su Liwen , Lai Peng
Published: May 2021

High‐dimensional problems exist in various fields of medicine. Data analysis of medical data from a high‐dimensional perspective brings new challenges for researchers. This paper intends to analyze the fingerprints of Shanxiangyuan to detect its antioxidant active ingredients and establish a predictive model from performance indicators to its antioxidant. A data fusion method based on the Maximum Entropy model is proposed, which solves the problem that the results are not stable at multiple wavelengths. And a model averaging strategy under the two structures of nested structure and sequential structure is utilized with considering the mallows criterion, the Jackknife criterion, and the Akaike information, which not only has a good effect on the simulation data but can also reduce the prediction error of Shanxiangyuan's antioxidant value. Furthermore, this paper gives a strong correlation index of the antioxidant capacity of Shanxiangyuan according to the model averaging method.
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Propensity of Different Fluorine Atom Types: An Analysis of Experimentally and Computationally Derived Parameters
Authors: Vulpetti Anna , Dalvit Claudio
Published: May 2021

The propensity of organic fluorine acting as a weak hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) in intermolecular and intramolecular interactions has been the subject of many experimental and theoretical studies often reaching different conclusions. Over the last few years, new and stronger evidences have emerged for the direct involvement of fluorine in weak hydrogen bond (HB) formation. However, not all the fluorine atom types can act as weak HBA. In this work, the differential HBA propensity of various types of fluorine atoms was analyzed with a particular emphasis for the different types of alkyl fluorides. This was carried out by evaluating ab initio computed parameters, experimental 19F NMR chemical shifts and small molecule crystallographic structures (extracted from the CSD database). According to this analysis, shielded (with reference to the 19F NMR chemical shift) alkyl mono‐fluorinated motifs display the highest HBA propensity in agreement with solution studies. Although much weaker than other well‐characterized HB complexes, the fragile HBs formed by these fluorinated motifs have important implications for the chemical‐physical and structural properties of the molecules, chemical reactions, and protein–ligand recognition.
Carbazole‐ and Fluorene‐Fused Aza‐BODIPYs: NIR Fluorophores with High Brightness and Photostability
Authors: Rappitsch Tanja , M. Borisov Sergey
Published: May 2021

Three new aza‐BODIPY dyes incorporating fused fluorene or carbazole moieties have been prepared. The dyes show significant enhancement of photophysical properties compared to the parent 1,3,5,7‐tetraphenyl aza‐BODIPY (TPAB): a bathochromic shift of the absorption maximum (up to 2700 cm−1) and emission maximum (up to 2270 cm−1); an almost threefold increase in molar absorption coefficients (to ca. 230 000 M−1 cm−1) and a significant increase in the fluorescence quantum yield to 49–66 %. Owing to the combination of these properties, the new aza‐BODIPY dyes belong to the brightest NIR dyes reported. The dyes also show excellent photostability. Due to their outstanding properties, the new dyes represent a promising platform for further exploration in biomedical research. A pH indicator containing only one fused carbazole unit was also prepared and shows absorption and emission spectra that are bathochromically shifted by about 110 and 100 nm, respectively, compared to the indicator dye based on the TPAB chromophore.
Diazotype – An imaging procedure using diazonium salts
Authors: Ducci Matthias
Published: May 2021

Die Diazotypie ist ein Lichtpausverfahren, welches bis etwa 1990 in den Ingenieurwissenschaften Anwendung fand, da es besonders für die Vervielfältigung technischer Zeichnungen geeignet ist. Es beruht auf der Azokupplung und der Lichtempfindlichkeit von Diazoniumsalzen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird das Prinzip der Diazotypie zunächst kurz erläutert. Anschließend werden neue (Modell)Experimente mit überraschenden Phänomenen präsentiert und ein Erkenntnisweg vorgeschlagen, wie die interessante Thematik forschend‐entwickelnd in den Chemieunterricht der Sek. II sowie in die Hochschullehre implementiert werden kann.
A Tool for Accurate Stoichiometric Composition of Cryopreservative Media for Fetal and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell‐Derived Human Neural Stem Cells
Authors: Niles Walter D. , Snyder Evan Y.
Published: May 2021

Fetal human neural stem cells (fhNSC) are of considerable interest as potential regenerative therapies for neuronal or glial degeneration or destruction resulting from genetic abnormalities, disease, or injury. Realization of this potential requires securing a supply of cells sufficient to meet the needs of transplantation, which are often tens to hundreds of millions of cells per dose. This challenge necessitates the establishment of safe and efficient cell banking protocols. Cryopreservation, involving the slow freezing or vitrification of cells, enables storage of fhNSC for prolonged periods, while maintaining their viability and multipotency required for clinical use. To optimize cryopreservation of fhNSC, attention has become focused on the composition of the medium used to effect cryopreservation by slow freezing/vitrification—i.e., the cryopreservative medium. The cryopreservative medium is typically specified as a dilution of a concentrated cryoprotectant, such as dimethylsulfoxide or glycerol, in cell culture medium that is often combined with serum or another source of necessary growth factors. The present work is devoted to a computational tool for determining the composition of a cryopreservative medium that can be combined with dissociated fhNSC resuspended in a certain volume of culture medium to achieve the criterion of stoichiometric dilution of cryoprotectant favorable to cell viability in the final mixture of cryopreservative medium and cells. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol: Culture and passage of fhNSC, counting of enzymatically dissociated fhNSC, and quantitative formulation of cryomedium

Alternate Protocol: Procedure when cell medium is not added to the cryomedium
A D2D assisted multi‐hop data dissemination protocol for inter‐UAV communication
Authors: Khan Mohammad Zubair , Rahim Muddasir , Javed Muhammad Awais , Ghabban Fahad , Ameerbakhsh Omair , Alfadli Ibrahim
Published: May 2021

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are key components of future Internet of Things as they facilitate efficient data sensing and transmission. However, UAVs will be sparsely placed and data dissemination among UAVs is a challenge. In this regard, cellular users can help to propagate the data between UAVs by using multi‐hop device‐to‐device (D2D) communication. A key challenge for multi‐hop D2D communication to support inter‐UAV communication is to select optimal forwarding D2D nodes that reduce the communication delay. In this paper, we propose a multi‐hop data dissemination protocol for inter‐UAV communication using D2D‐enabled user equipment (UEs). We consider factors such as channel quality and queuing delay to find suitable forwarding D2D nodes. To improve reliability of transmission, the proposed protocol selects forwarding nodes within a forwarding area where packets can be successfully received. Simulation results verify that the proposed protocol can reduce end‐to‐end delay and improve reliability of multi‐hop UAV data dissemination.
Using network analysis to compare diagnosis‐specific and age‐specific symptom networks in eating disorders
Authors: Schlegl Sandra , Smith Kathryn E. , Vierl Larissa , Crosby Ross D. , Moessner Markus , Neumayr Christina , Voderholzer Ulrich
Published: May 2021

Objective

The network theory of mental disorders conceptualizes eating disorders (EDs) as networks of interacting symptoms. Network analysis studies in EDs mostly have examined transdiagnostic and/or mixed age samples. The aim of our study was to investigate similarities and differences of networks in adolescents and adults with anorexia nervosa (AN) or bulimia nervosa (BN).

Method

Participants were 2,535 patients (n = 991 adults with AN,n = 821 adolescents with AN,n = 473 adults with BN, andn = 250 adolescents with BN) who completed the Eating Disorder Inventory‐2. Twenty‐seven items were selected. Cross‐sectional networks were estimated via Joint Graphical Lasso. Core symptoms were identified using strength centrality. Spearman correlations and network comparison tests (NCTs) were used to compare groups.

Results

Across diagnoses and ages, feeling ineffective, desire to be thinner, worries that feelings will get out of control, guilt after overeating as well as doing things perfectly emerged as most central symptoms. There were moderate to high correlations between symptom profiles (0.62–0.97, mean: 0.78) as well as high correlations between network structures (0.83–0.93, mean: 0.87) and network strengths (0.73–0.95, mean: 0.85). Global strength significantly differed in two of the six NCTs, and 2.5–10% of edges differed between networks.

Discussion

Considerable similarities in network structures and strengths across diagnoses and ages speak in favor of the transdiagnostic approach to EDs. Besides drive for thinness, ineffectiveness, emotion regulation difficulties, and perfectionism might be the most consistent factors in ED networks. These symptoms as well as their symptom connections should be especially focused in treatment regardless of age and diagnosis.
Isolation and expansion of thymus‐derived regulatory T cells for use in pediatric heart transplant patients
Authors: Romano Marco , Sen Monica , Scottà Cristiano , Alhabbab Rowa Y. , Rico‐Armada Andres , Lechler Robert I. , Burch Michael , Lombardi Giovanna
Published: May 2021

Regulatory T‐cells (Tregs) are a subset of T cells generated in the thymus with intrinsic immunosuppressive properties. Phase I clinical trials have shown safety and feasibility of Treg infusion to promote immune tolerance and new studies are ongoing to evaluate their efficacy. During heart transplantation, thymic tissue is routinely discarded providing an attractive source of Tregs. In this study, we developed a GMP‐compatible protocol for expanding sorted thymus‐derived CD3+CD4+CD25+CD127– (Tregs) as well as CD3+CD4+CD25+CD127–CD45RA+ (RA+Tregs) cells. We aimed to understand whether thymic RA+Tregs can be isolated and expanded offering an advantage in terms of stability as it has been previously shown for circulating adult CD45RA+ Tregs. We show that both Tregs and RA+Tregs could be expanded in large numbers and the presence of rapamycin is essential to inhibit the growth of IFN‐γ producing cells. High levels of FOXP3, CTLA4, and CD25 expression, demethylation of the FOXP3 promoter, and high suppressive ability were found with no differences between Tregs and RA+Tregs. After freezing and thawing, all Treg preparations maintained their suppressive ability, stability, as well as CD25 and FOXP3 expression. The number of thymic Tregs that could be isolated with our protocol, their fold expansion, and functional characteristics allow the clinical application of this cell population to promote tolerance in pediatric heart transplant patients.
Asymmetric Synthesis of α‐Difluorinated β‐Amino Sulfones through Detrifluoroacetylative Mannich Reactions
Authors: Li Ziyi , Wang Nana , Mei Haibo , Konno Hiroyuki , Soloshonok Vadim A. , Han Jianlin
Published: May 2021

Asymmetric detrifluoroacetylative Mannich reactions between α‐fluorinated arylsulfonyl gem‐diols and fluoroalkyl imines have been developed under operationally convenient conditions. Varieties of α‐fluorinated arylsulfonyl gem‐diols and fluoroalkyl imines are well tolerated with the corresponding α‐difluorinated β‐amino sulfone products generated in moderate to excellent yields as well as high diastereoselectivity. The reaction can be reproduced on gram‐scale with uncompromised yield and stereochemical outcome. The synthetic value of the products is demonstrated by two transformations by means of desulfonylation and removal of the sulfinyl protecting‐group.