bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GP approach for critical submergence of intakes in open channel flows
Authors: Azamathulla H. Md. , Ahmad Z.
Published: September 2012

This technical paper presents the genetic programming (GP) approach to predict the critical submergence for horizontal intakes in open channel flow for different bottom clearances. Laboratory data from the literature for the critical submergence for a wide range of flow conditions were used for the development and testing of the proposed method. Froude number, Reynolds number, Weber number and ratio of intake velocity and channel velocity were considered dominant parameters affecting the critical submergence. The proposed GP approach produced satisfactory results compared to the existing predictors.
Hydroinformatics in multi-colours—part green: applications in aquatic ecosystem modelling
Authors: Li Hong , Mynett Arthur E. , Hua Ye Qing
Published: September 2012

The present paper focuses on demonstrating the capabilities of modern hydroinformatics tools in the field of environmental systems by integrating biotic and abiotic process modelling. Abiotic processes like hydrodynamic flow and transport phenomena are often formulated based on physical principles like conservation of mass, momentum and energy. These processes are adequately represented mathematically by second order partial differential equations that can be solved numerically in a variety of ways. However, in aquatic ecosystem modelling, biological/ecological processes play an important role and these processes are not always understood at the required level of detail to be captured in terms of conservation principles. In this paper two modelling approaches for biotic processes are explored for representing spatial pattern dynamics of aquatic ecosystems: (i) cellular automata (CA) and (ii) multi-agent systems (MAS) models, in combination with Delft 3D-WAQ for advanced flow and transport modelling. It is shown that CA are quite capable of capturing discrete growth phenomena like outcompeting plant species which are known to depend mainly on local effects. A MAS approach can combine nonlinearity, randomness and complexity of aquatic ecosystems, which can then be used to enhance the capabilities of available physics-based software systems like the DELFT3D software suite.
Stability bound analysis of singularly perturbed systems with time-delay
Authors: Sun Fengqi , Yang Chunyu , Zhang Qingling , Shen Yongxiang
Published: September 2012

This paper considers the stability bound problem of singularly perturbed
systems with time-delay. Some stability criteria are derived by constructing
appropriate Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals. The proposed criteria are less
conservative than the existing ones. Two numerical examples are given to
illustrate the advantages and effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Effect of various initiators on molar mass determination of hydrolyzed potato starch-acrylamide graft copolymers
Authors: Djordjevic Suzana , Nikolic Ljubisa , Kovacevic Stana , Miljkovic Milena , Djordjevic Dragan
Published: September 2012

This study is concerned with synthesis, characterization and properties of
graft copolymer produced from hydrolyzed potato starch and acrylamide using
various initiators (azobisisobutyronitrile, potassium persulfate and benzoyl
peroxide). Starch hydrolysis was performed in order to reduce molecular mass.
Acrylamide was grafted on shorter starch macromolecules creating side
branches on the main chain resulting in a product that could be used in
textile finishing more successfully. Various initiators were used, primarily,
to produce graft monomer on the starch and also to obtain thinner or thicker
packaging of side chains that can have a great influence on the behavior of
textile yarns impregnated with these copolymers. Benzoyl peroxide, as
initiator, proved to be very successful in grafting of acrylamide on
hydrolyzed starch, in terms of yield, graft percentage and efficiency
results. Grafting in the presence of azobisisobutyronitrile and potassium
persulfate as initiators has slightly better monomer to polymer conversion
values. FTIR spectra of hydrolyzed and grafted starch confirm by their
characteristic bands that grafting was successful. Residual amounts of
monomer in copolymer and molar mass distribution were determined by
chromatography. Results show that the highest quantity of monomer is found in
the sample of hydrolyzed starch grafted in the presence of potassium
persulfate. Molar masses of hydrolysate and copolymer show differences
ranging from 1?102 to 2?107 g/mol. Results of sizing using grafted starch
show that sized yarns had higher strength (tenacity) and lower elongation.
Grafted hydrolyzed starch, as an agent for cotton yarn sizing, gives better
results than non grafted starch, especially regarding sizing uniformity, yarn
mechanical parameters and easier removal in following desizing process.
Interactive Learning for Graphic Design Foundations
Authors: Chu Sauman , Ramírez Germán Mauricio Mejía
Published: September 2012

One of the biggest problems for students majoring in pre-graphic design is students' inability to apply their knowledge to different design solutions. The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of interactive learning modules in facilitating knowledge acquisition during the learning process and to create interactive learning modules that will enhance students' understanding of the application of design theory and principles to different design problems. The ultimate goal of this project is to create supplemental teaching material that will be used to support teaching and learning for the authors' design foundation courses. Four interactive learning modules were developed in Adobe Flash. The modules include descriptions of the topics, animated tutorials and exercises. Several evaluations were conducted to examine the effectiveness of the learning modules. These evaluations included a usability test of the two module prototypes, an in-depth pre-test and post-test with four pre-graphic design students, interviews with various instructors and surveys with 40 students who were enrolled in foundation courses. Students expressed that the learning modules made it more enjoyable to learn course materials; ultimately, the modules deepened their understanding of design principles.
Student Technology Use in the Information-Seeking and Information-Gathering Process: A Critical Incident Approach for Benchmarking Performance
Authors: Cordes Sean
Published: September 2012

This article is an exploratory study of student behavior using online tools to do project-based work for a library science course at a mid-sized Midwestern public university. The population was 22 net generation students aged 18–24, who were enrolled in an Introduction to Information Resources course. The study was designed to better understand challenges students face when performing online computer-mediated information work. The critical incident technique was used to describe and categorize problems encountered with technology use and information seeking and gathering relative to established information literacy and technology competency standards. The findings support that net generation students have differing levels of ability when using technology to find and display information, and that all students require training in the use of technology applications and search strategies in order to perform course-based information work effectively. Interaction at Iowa State University of Science and Technology. Current affiliations include the American Library Association, the Association of College Research Libraries, and the International Federation of Library Associations and Organizations.
From Design for Dominance to Design for Dialogue
Authors: Keitges Mark J.
Published: September 2012

The increasing complexity of the network society is the result of a particular approach to design: that of mastery, control, ease of use and interconnectedness. The author analyzes this design approach for its negative and positive aspects, which he labels as ‘designing for dominance’ and ‘designing for dialogue’, respectively. Both of these aspects are inherent (and in constant opposition) in all designed learning objects and environments. He argues that the ‘dominant’ aspect of design, as influenced by cognitive science, obscures or minimizes the possibility of learner dialogue in favor of empirical knowledge. Design for dominance eliminates the educative potential of chance and ambiguity in its design process, while it emphasizes complete control over the elements of production. Overly dominant designs are ill-suited to account for higher-order thinking skills, which can only result from more dialogical designs, in service of critical reflection, withholding judgment and productive ambiguity. The author suggests that a return to relation and responsibility, as constituting design tenets in ubiquitous learning, would enable learners to learn the benefits of ‘being pulled up short’ when confronted with challenging world views. He concludes his essay with the provocative suggestion that we may, in some cases, want a ‘worse’ design if it exponentially increases the capacity for dialogue and that, in fact, there may be some learning problems that cannot be solved through the automatic striving for a ‘better’ design.
Mobile Phone Applications in the University Classroom: Perceptions of Undergraduate Students in Jordan
Authors: Ashour Rateb , Alzghool Haneen , Iyadat Yousef , Abu-Alruz Jamal
Published: September 2012

The primary purpose of this study is to determine the level of mobile phone applications in university classrooms in Jordan. A sample of 313 undergraduate students participated in the study by completing the researchers' designed questionnaire, which is composed of 13 items. The results of the study indicate that participants perceived a high level of mobile phone use for five items, a moderate level of use for five items, and a low level of use for three items. Overall, the students under study used mobile phones mainly to exchange education-related messages and academic files with classmates, search the Internet and library databases for academic materials, and hold discussions with classmates about missed lectures. Moreover, based on a t-test, significant differences were not found in the students' perceptions based on gender. The study ends by offering a number of recommendations for the field of study.
The Pattern of Foreign Market Entry of Canadian Exporters
Authors: SUI SUI , YU ZHIHAO
Published: September 2012

Dans cet article, nous analysons, grâce à un vaste ensemble de données longitudinales (1997-2005), la façon dont 6 079 entreprises exportatrices canadiennes ont pénétré les marchés étrangers. Nos résultats montrent que de moins en moins d’entreprises commencent par exporter aux États-Unis. Cette tendance suggère donc que le nombre d’entreprises auxquelles le modèle des stades de l’internationalisation ne s’applique pas augmente. Nos résultats indiquent de plus que les gouvernements qui veulent soutenir les entreprises en matière d’exportations devraient cibler les petites et les jeunes entreprises, puisque ce sont celles qui sont les plus susceptibles de faire face à des obstacles et qui ont le plus avantage à exporter sur un plus grand nombre de marchés étrangers.
The Changing Effects of Community Characteristics on Volunteering in Canada
Authors: SMITH ALEXANDER
Published: September 2012

Dans cet article, j’analyse, à l’aide des données de l’Enquête canadienne sur le don, le bénévolat et la participation (cycle 2004 et cycle 2007), les effets de certaines caractéristiques des communautés sur le bénévolat que font leurs habitants. Une fois plusieurs facteurs individuels neutralisés, les résultats démontrent qu’en 2004 le bénévolat diminuait en fonction de la taille de la population, de l’importance des inégalités de revenus et de la proportion d’habitants nés à l’étranger. Par contre, les chiffres de 2007 indiquent que ces caractéristiques n’avaient aucun effet significatif sur le bénévolat, ce qui suggère que les grandes villes canadiennes gèrent de mieux en mieux l’augmentation des inégalités de revenus et la diversité des lieux de naissance de leurs habitants.
Crusade or Charade? The Religious Right and the Culture Wars
Authors: Dodds Graham G.
Published: September 2012

Abstract:

This article challenges conventional views about the Religious Right and the culture wars in the United States, as it contends that the general topic has often been distorted in important respects. Specifically, it advances several somewhat counter-intuitive claims. It contends that the Religious Right is neither a long-standing nor a monolithic entity; that it is currently relatively dormant; that cultural criticisms associated with religious conservatives are often not driven not by grass-roots populism but are cynically promulgated by mainstream Republican elites for electoral gain; and finally, that even when these efforts succeed electorally, conservative elected officials seldom enact policies that cultural or religious conservatives want. In short, much that has appeared in recent years to be a cultural crusade may, in fact, be a mere charade.
Immigration and National Identity in Obama's America: The Expansion of Culture-War Politics
Authors: Williams Rhys H.
Published: September 2012

Abstract:

The culture-war issues salient in US politics in the 1990s and early 2000s were typified by debates over the legality and morality of abortion and same-sex marriage. Immigration, in contrast, has been an intermittent issue, not as polarized as many others. That changed with the candidacy and then election of Barack Obama to the presidency. While anti-abortion and “pro-family” activism has continued, there is a new public focus on a vision of “America” that depends upon a conflation of race, religion, and national identity. This has helped transform immigration into a highly charged, highly polarized culture-war-style issue and has facilitated the lasting resonance of the construction of Obama as Muslim, as born in Kenya, as not a citizen, and as both a socialist and a fascist simultaneously. Drawing on popular media discourse and material from Tea Party and immigration reform web sites, I explore the construction of American national identity in terms of its ethno-cultural articulations.
Can the snowline be used as an indicator of the equilibrium line and mass balance for glaciers in the outer tropics?
Authors: Rabatel Antoine , Bermejo Ana , Loarte Edwin , Soruco Alvaro , Gomez Jesus , Leonardini Gonzalo , Vincent Christian , Sicart Jean Emmanuel
Published: September 2012

Because the glacier snowline is easy to identify on optical satellite images and because in certain conditions it can be used as an indicator of the equilibrium line, it may be a relevant parameter for the study of the relationships between climate and glaciers. Although several studies have shown that the snowline altitude (SLA) at the end of the hydrological year is a good indicator of the equilibrium-line altitude (ELA) for mid-latitude glaciers, such a relationship remains conjectural for tropical glaciers. Indeed, unlike in mid-latitudes, tropical climate conditions result in a distinct seasonality of accumulation/ablation processes. We examine this relationship using direct field ELA and mass-balance measurements made on Glaciar Zongo, Bolivia (~16° S), vand Glaciar Artesonraju, Peru (~9° S), and the SLA retrieved from satellite images acquired in the past two decades. We show that on glaciers in the outer tropics: (1) ablation is reduced during the dry season in austral winter (May-August), the SLA does not change much, and satellite images acquired between May and August could be used to compute the SLA; and (2) the highest SLA detected on a number of satellite images acquired during the dry season provides a good estimate of the annual ELA. However, as snowfall events can occur during the dry season, the SLA detected on satellite images tends to underestimate the ELA. Thus, we recommend validating the SLA computed from satellite images with field data collected on a benchmark glacier before measuring the SLA on other glaciers in the same mountain range for which no field data are available. This study is a major step towards extending the measurement of glacier parameters (ELA and mass balance) at the scale of a whole mountain range in the outer tropics to better document the relationships between climate and glaciers.
Subaqueous calving margin morphology at Mueller, Hooker and Tasman glaciers in Aoraki/Mount Cook National Park, New Zealand
Authors: Robertson Clare M. , Benn Douglas I. , Brook Martin S. , Fuller lan C. , Holt Kat A.
Published: September 2012

The subaqueous margins of calving glaciers have the potential to make significant contributions to glacier mass loss. However, to date, very little is known about the morphology and development of subaqueous margins. A unique combination of sub-bottom profile and bathymetric data collected between 2008 and 2010 in proglacial lakes at Mueller, Hooker and Tasman glaciers in New Zealand’s Southern Alps reveal subaqueous ice ramps extending up to 510 m from the terminus of each glacier. Ice ramp surfaces are undulating and covered with a thick layer (up to 10 m) of unsorted sediment derived from supraglacial and englacial debris, lateral moraines and deltaic deposits. A cyclic calving pattern, relatively stable lake level and the debris cover appear to control the development and maintenance of these ice ramps. High subaerial retreat rates generally correspond to high subaqueous calving rates, although the highest subaerial retreat rates are not associated with the largest ice ramp. Debris mantling the subaqueous ice ramp surfaces insulates the ice from melting and also reduces buoyant forces acting on the terminus. Comparisons with previous studies show that the ice ramps evolve over time with changes in glacier dynamics and water-body properties.
Individual Guilt or Collective Progressive Action? Challenging the Strategic Potential of Environmental Citizenship Theory
Authors: Karlsson Rasmus
Published: September 2012

While structural approaches to sustainability have remained unable to muster wider political support, green political theory has for some time taken a voluntarist turn, arguing that deep changes in attitudes and behaviour are necessary to reduce the ecological debt of the rich countries.

Within environmental citizenship theory it is believed that justice requires each individual to start living within his or her ‘ecological space'. Firmly rooted in the pollution paradigm, environmental citizenship theory holds that the path to sustainability goes through a dramatic reduction in economic activity and international trade. Since such cuts in material welfare run counter to the preferences of many, doubts can be had about their political plausibility. More seriously, with a world population of more than seven billions, it is doubtful that even such harsh sacrifices would suffice to ensure environmental sustainability.

This article challenges environmental citizenship theory by arguing that it is tied to a conception of sustainability which is both theoretically misleading and strategically unfortunate in a rapidly industrialising world. Instead of further individual guilt, there is an urgent need to define new collective progressive projects aimed at universal affluence and natural restoration. Fashionable as a sense of individual guilt may be, it fails to recognise the responsibility of the rich world to provide new technologies capable of securing global environmental sustainability.
Partnerships and the Privatisation of Environmental Governance: On Myths, Forces of Nature and Other Inevitabilities
Authors: Mert Ayşem
Published: September 2012

Since the end of the Cold War, two parallel developments took place in global governance: fragmentation in social/environmental legislations across countries, and an increasing uniformity (or ‘globalisation') of economic/financial legislations. In the liberal democratic context of global governance, both of these developments are embodied in partnerships for sustainable development. Studying these partnerships in the context of private environmental governance and tracing the origin of the concept in business and law, can reveal the implications of ‘privatisation of governance’ on sovereignty, authority, and global governance. Focusing on partnerships in the United Nations context, this paper examines the private environmental governance institutions in their historical economic context.
Value Typology in Cost-Benefit Analysis
Authors: Baum Seth D.
Published: September 2012

Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) evaluates actions in terms of negative consequences (costs) and positive consequences (benefits). Though much has been said on CBA, little attention has been paid to the types of values held by costs and benefits. This paper introduces a simple typology of values in CBA and applies it to three forms of CBA: the common, money-based CBA, CBA based in social welfare, and CBA based in intrinsic value. The latter extends CBA beyond its usual anthropocentric domain. Adequate handling of value typology in CBA avoids analytical mistakes and connects CBA to its consequentialist roots.
British Television's Lost New Wave Moment: Single Drama and Race
Authors: Liarou Eleni
Published: September 2012

The article argues that the working-class realism of post-WWII British television single drama is neither as English nor as white as is often implied. The surviving audiovisual material and written sources (reviews, publicity material, biographies of television writers and directors) reveal ITV's dynamic role in offering a range of views and representations of Britain's black population and their multi-layered relationship with white working-class cultures. By examining this neglected history of postwar British drama, this article argues for more inclusive historiographies of British television and sheds light on the dynamism and diversity of British television culture.
Escape to the Country: The Accented World of the Evacuee in Stephen Poliakoff's Perfect Strangers
Authors: Hockenhull Stella
Published: September 2012

This article explores the world of the evacuee represented as a fantasy experience in Steven Poliakoff's television drama Perfect Strangers. Through the story, told in flashback, of two young girls evacuated from Birmingham to North Wales during the Second World War, Poliakoff does not present a realistic and factual account of this childhood trauma, but adopts visual strategies wrought from the imagination to articulate the emotions of displacement. The article argues, drawing on the work of Hamid Naficy, that the drama exhibits an ‘accented’ style – one which connotes a nostalgic yearning for the homeland and land of birth and which is particularly associated with diasporic, exilic and ethnic directors. Poliakoff is a second-generation immigrant and, arguably, implicit in his work is a visual approach associated with the transitional and the dislocating. The visual style of this drama is not rooted in mere escapism but is that of the displaced settler, the subject searching for security and protection.
The DPSIR Framework and a Pressure-Oriented Water Quality Monitoring Approach to Ecological River Restoration
Authors: Song Xingqiang , Frostell Björn
Published: September 2012

Without monitoring anthropogenic pressures on the water environment, it is difficult to set realistic river restoration targets in relation to water quality. Therefore a more holistic approach is needed to systematically explore the links between socio-economic drivers and observed water quality-related impacts on river ecosystems. Using the DPSIR (Drivers-Pressures-State of the Environment-Impacts-Responses) framework, this study linked ecological river restoration with the socio-economic sector, with the focus on promoting a pressure-oriented water quality monitoring system. Based on the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) and relevant literature, it was found that most water quality-related indicators employed today are state/impacts-oriented, while very few are pressure-oriented. As a response, we call for more attention to a DPR (Drivers-Pressures-Responses) framework in developing an industrial ecology-based pressure-oriented water quality monitoring system for aiding ecological river restoration planning. This approach is characterized in general by accounting for material-related flows throughout the socio-economic sector in relation to river ecosystem degradation. Then the obtained information would help decision makers take appropriate measures to alleviate various significant human-induced wastes and emissions at their sources. We believe that such a pressure-oriented monitoring system will substantially complement traditional state/impacts-oriented environmental and ecological monitoring and help develop more proactive planning and decision-making processes for specific river restoration projects and general water quality management.
Comparison of Configurations for High-Recovery Inland Desalination Systems
Authors: Qiu Tianyu , Davies Philip A.
Published: September 2012

Desalination of brackish groundwater (BW) is an effective approach to augment water supply, especially for inland regions that are far from seawater resources. Brackish water reverse osmosis (BWRO) desalination is still subject to intensive energy consumption compared to the theoretical minimum energy demand. Here, we review some of the BWRO plants with various system arrangements. We look at how to minimize energy demands, as these contribute considerably to the cost of desalinated water. Different configurations of BWRO system have been compared from the view point of normalized specific energy consumption (SEC). Analysis is made at theoretical limits. The SEC reduction of BWRO can be achieved by (i) increasing number of stages, (ii) using an energy recovery device (ERD), or (iii) operating the BWRO in batch mode or closed circuit mode. Application of more stages not only reduces SEC but also improves water recovery. However, this improvement is less pronounced when the number of stages exceeds four. Alternatively and more favourably, the BWRO system can be operated in Closed Circuit Desalination (CCD) mode and gives a comparative SEC to that of the 3-stage system with a recovery ratio of 80%. A further reduction of about 30% in SEC can be achieved through batch-RO operation. Moreover, the costly ERDs and booster pumps are avoided with both CCD and batch-RO, thus furthering the effectiveness of lowering the costs of these innovative approaches.
Discussion on Sustainable Water Technologies for Peri-Urban Areas of Mexico City: Balancing Urbanization and Environmental Conservation
Authors: Nanninga Tiemen A. , Bisschops Iemke , López Eduardo , Martínez-Ruiz José Luis , Murillo Daniel , Essl Laura , Starkl Markus
Published: September 2012

Often centralized water supply, sanitation and solid waste services struggle to keep up with the rapid expansion of urban areas. The peri-urban areas are at the forefront of this expansion and it is here where decentralized technologies are increasingly being implemented. The introduction of decentralized technologies allows for the development of new opportunities that enable the recovery and reuse of resources in the form of water, nutrients and energy. This resource-oriented management of water, nutrients and energy requires a sustainable system aimed at low resource use and high recovery and reuse rates. Instead of investigating each sector separately, as has been traditionally done, this article proposes and discusses a concept that seeks to combine the in- and outflows of the different sectors, reusing water and other liberated resources where possible. This paper shows and demonstrates examples of different types of sustainable technologies that can be implemented in the peri-urban areas of Mexico City [rainwater harvesting, EcoSan and biofiltros (small constructed wetlands), and (vermi-)composting]. An innovative participatory planning method, combining scenario development with a participatory planning workshop with key stakeholders, was applied and resulted in three concept scenarios. Specific technologies were then selected for each concept scenario that the technical feasibility and applicability was assessed. Following this, the resulting resource flows (nutrients, water and energy) were determined and analyzed. The results show that decentralized technologies not only have the potential to deliver adequate water supply, sanitation and solid waste services in peri-urban areas and lessen environmental pollution, but also can recover significant amounts of resources thereby saving costs and providing valuable inputs in, for instance, the agricultural sector. Social acceptance of the technologies and institutional cooperation, however, is key for successful implementation.
Establishment of Immortalized Human Amniotic Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Teng Zan , Yoshida Toshiko , Okabe Motonori , Toda Ayaka , Higuchi Osamu , Nogami Makiko , Yoneda Noriko , Zhou Kaixuan , Kyo Satoru , Kiyono Touru , Nikaido Toshio
Published: September 2012

Human amniotic mesenchymal cells (HAM cells) are known to contain somatic stem cells possessing the characteristics of pluripotency. However, little is known about the biology of these somatic cells because isolated HAM cells from amniotic membrane have a limited lifespan. To overcome this problem, we attempted to prolong the lifespan of HAM cells by infecting retrovirus encoding human papillomavirus type16E6 and E7 (HPV16E6E7), bmi-1, and/or human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) genes and investigated their characteristics as stem cells. We confirmed the immortalization of the four lines of cultured HAM cells for about 1 year. Immortalized human amnion mesenchymal cells (iHAM cells) have continued to proliferate over 200 population doublings (PDs). iHAM cells were positive for CD73, CD90, CD105, and CD44 and negative for CD34, CD14, CD45, and HLA-DR. They expressed stem cell markers such as Oct3/4, Sox2, Nanog, Klf4, SSEA4, c-myc, vimentin, and nestin. They showed adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation abilities after induction. These results suggested that immortalized cell lines with characteristics of stem cells can be established. iHAM cells with an extended lifespan can be used to produce good experimental models both in vitro and in vivo.
Comparative Study of Human Dental Follicle Cell Sheets and Periodontal Ligament Cell Sheets for Periodontal Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Guo Shujuan , Guo Weihua , Ding Yi , Gong Jian , Zou Qing , Xie Dan , Chen Yali , Wu Yafei , Tian Weidong
Published: September 2012

Periodontal ligament cell (PDLC) sheets have been shown to contribute to periodontal tissue regeneration. Dental follicle cells (DFCs), acknowledged as the precursor cells of PDLCs, have demonstrated stemness, embryonic features, heterogeneity, and pluripotency. Therefore, we hypothesized that DFC sheets might be more effective and suitable for periodontal tissue regeneration than PDLC sheets. In this study, we compared the biological characteristics of DFC sheets and PDLC sheets in vitro. To investigate the potential for periodontal tissue regeneration in vivo, complexes composed of two types of cell sheets combined with dentin matrix were implanted subcutaneously into nude mice for 6 weeks. Our results showed that, when forming cell sheets, DFCs secreted richer extracellular matrix than PDLCs. And compared to DFCs, DFC sheets expressed high levels of calcification-related genes, including alkaline phosphatase ( alp), bone sialoprotein ( bsp), osteopontin ( opn), runt-related transcription factor ( runx2), as well as the periodontal ligament-specific genes collagen III ( col III) and periostin, while the gene expression of bsp, osteocalcin ( ocn), and opn were greatly increased in PDLC sheets, when compared to PDLCs. col I expression did not change significantly. However, cementum protein 23 ( cp-23) expression increased several fold in PDLC sheets compared to PDLCs but decreased in DFC sheets compared to DFCs. DFC and PDLC sheets were both positive for Collagen I (Col I), cementum attachment protein (CAP), ALP, BSP, OCN, and OPN protein expression, and Col I, ALP, BSP, and OPN expression were increased after cell sheets were formed. Furthermore, the levels of laminin and fibronectin were higher in DFCs and DFC sheets than that of PDLCs and PDLC sheets, respectively. In vivo, DFC and PDLC sheets could both regenerate periodontal tissue-like structures, but DFC sheets demonstrated stronger periodontal regeneration potential than PDLC sheets. Therefore, DFC sheets derived from discarded dental follicle tissue after tooth extraction may be more advantageous for clinical periodontal tissue regeneration in the future.
Humoral Immune Response following Seasonal Influenza Vaccine in Islet Transplant Recipients
Authors: Silva Moacyr , Humar Atul , Shapiro A. M. James , Senior Peter , Hoschler Katja , Baluch Aliyah , Wilson Leticia E. , Kumar Deepali
Published: September 2012

Annual influenza vaccine is recommended for organ transplant recipients, but immunogenicity is known to be suboptimal. Islet transplant recipients receive immunosuppressive therapy, but there are no data on the immunogenicity of influenza vaccine in this population. In this prospective cohort study, adult islet transplant recipients at least 3 months posttransplant were enrolled. All patients received the 2010–2011 seasonal influenza vaccine. Serum was obtained pre- and postvaccination to determine humoral response to each of the three influenza strains included in the vaccine. Adverse effects of vaccine were also noted. A total of 61 islet transplant recipients were enrolled and completed the study protocol. The median time from last transplant was 1.9 years (range 0.26–11.4 years), and most patients had undergone multiple prior islet transplant procedures (90.2%). Overall immunogenicity of the vaccine was poor. Seroconversion rates to H1N1, H3N2, and B antigens were 34.4%, 29.5%, and 9.8%, respectively. In the subset not seroprotected at baseline, a protective antibody titer postvaccination was achieved in 58.6%, 41.9%, and 34.5% of patients, respectively. Patients within the first year of transplant were significantly less likely to seroconvert to at least one antigen (23.5% vs. 54.5%; p = 0.029). Alemtuzumab recipients trended toward lower seroconversion rates (25% vs. 51%; p = 0.11). No vaccine-related safety concerns were identified. Seasonal influenza vaccine had suboptimal immunogenicity in islet transplant recipients especially those who were less than 1 year posttransplant or had received alemtuzumab induction. Novel strategies for protection in this group of patients need further study.
The Amadori rearrangement as glycoconjugation method: Synthesis of non-natural C-glycosyl type glycoconjugates
Authors: Gallas Katharina , Pototschnig Gerit , Adanitsch Florian , Stütz Arnold E , Wrodnigg Tanja M
Published: September 2012

The Amadori rearrangement was investigated as a potential method for the conjugation of carbohydrate moieties to suitable amino components. Starting from selected aldoheptoses, which are readily available by means of the Kiliani–Fischer C-elongation reaction of the corresponding aldohexoses, glycoconjugates presenting D-gluco, D-manno and D-galacto as well as GlcNAc motifs have been synthesised. Following this strategy, non-natural C-glycosyl type glycoconjugates, which can be utilised as building blocks for the composition of larger molecular constructions, are available by a very short synthetic approach.
Identifier et caractériser un genre : l'exemple des interviews politiques
Authors: Blasco Mylène , Cappeau Paul
Published: September 2012

Cet article propose une réflexion sur la notion de genre dans le cadre de la linguistique sur corpus et sur la méthodologie que ces nouveaux outils permettent d’envisager. Notre réflexion prend appui sur la langue orale des hommes politiques, à travers des interviews. Notre objectif est de montrer comment peut être abordé un tel corpus et quelles questions de méthode soulève la recherche de critères morpho-syntaxiques pertinents pour cerner un genre. À partir d’une étude comparative entre le corpus initial et d’autres corpus (de langue orale et écrite), nous proposons de mieux cerner les faits de langue qui relèvent de certaines des composantes de ces productions.
Types de discours, formes textuelles et normes sémantiques : expression et doxa dans un corpus de données hétérogènes
Authors: Longhi Julien
Published: September 2012

Nous abordons la question de l’hétérogénéité des données du point de vue des types de discours : à partir d’un corpus de textes constitués d’un sous-corpus d’articles de presse et un autre d’articles scientifiques, nous cherchons à caractériser la spécificité des formes textuelles et des normes sémantiques de chacun des types de discours. L’étude est menée sur la thématique des jeunes de banlieue et permet de souligner la corrélation entre les plans du contenu et de l’expression, tout en fournissant un contraste éclairant pour l’étude d’un objet discursif tel que jeune de banlieue . Cette méthode, qui s’appuie sur l’hétérogénéité des données, rend alors possible une étude linguistique de la doxa , vue comme forme et substance, construite en discours.
Influence du genre applicatif sur la réalisation des extractions en dialogue oral : constantes et variations
Authors: Antoine Jean-Yves , Villaneau Jeanne , Goulian Jérôme
Published: September 2012

Cet article présente une étude de corpus portant sur les variations d’ordre linéaire en français parlé spontané. Nous avons étudié plusieurs corpus de dialogue finalisé correspondant à différentes tâches applicatives afin d’évaluer l’influence du contexte discursif sur ces phénomènes. Nous insistons, dans un premier temps, sur l’intérêt d’études de corpus pour orienter les recherches en Traitement Automatique des Langues. Nous présentons ensuite notre méthodologie d’analyse ainsi que les principaux résultats de l’étude. Ceux-ci montrent que la tâche et le rôle du locuteur dans l’interaction n’ont pas d’influence significative sur la réalisation des dislocations orales, alors que le degré d’interactivité joue au contraire sur leur fréquence. Ces variations d’ordonnancement respectent toutefois de fortes régularités imposées par le système de la langue. Aussi concluons-nous que le français parlé spontané reste une langue à ordre SVO fixe.
Les marbres de Flandres et du Hainaut à Versailles
Authors: Groessens Éric
Published: September 2012

La Belgique et le Nord de la France sont depuis deux mille ans des régions d’exploitation de pierres de construction et de marbres renommés. Dès la période baroque, des centaines de variétés de marbres différentes étant disponibles, il n’est pas étonnant que les ingénieurs de Louis XIV se soient tournés vers la partie septentrionale du royaume pour leur approvisionnement pendant les intermèdes pacifiques. Il faut rappeler que tous ces marbres sont des calcaires durs, sédimentaires et de très faible porosité. La gamme chromatique est limitée au noir, au rouge et au gris. La plupart de ces exploitations ont disparu et les archives n’ont pas encore livré toutes les traces écrites. En revanche, un grand nombre d’informations fausses ou sans références, relatives à des utilisations à Versailles, circulent ; elles doivent inciter à la plus grande prudence.La méthode utilisée dans cet exposé préliminaire est donc celle du géologue-touriste averti qui visite le château de Versailles et note au passage les marbres qui proviennent de sa région et qu’il croit reconnaître. Il trouve d’abord le marbre rouge de Rance, utilisé à profusion, tant en plaquage, comme dans la galerie des Glaces, que dans la construction des cheminées monumentales. Il peut aussi observer des revêtements muraux ou des dallages en marbre sainte-anne (belge), en marbre noir de Dinant, en genre grand antique de Barbençon, en brèche de Waulsort (ou de Dourlers), en petit-granit (anciennement appelé écaussinnes ou marbre de Ligny). Il y rencontre des marbres de l’Avesnois : quelques dalles en marbre de Cousolre, de Glageon, des marbres noirs français de la région de Bavay, etc. On peut raisonnablement penser qu’en ce qui concerne les quatre derniers, il s’agit de restaurations effectuées sous la monarchie de Juillet, ou même postérieurement.
Les marbres dans la décoration du Palais royal de Madrid
Authors: Tárraga Baldó María Luisa
Published: September 2012

La construction du Palais royal de Madrid a marqué un tournant dans l’histoire de l’art espagnol. La décoration intérieure y a employé une profusion de marbres et de pierres ornementales choisies en raison de leur couleur ou de leur rareté. Au xviiie siècle, il est décidé de décorer tous les murs des salons principaux du palais, afin de ne laisser aucune paroi sans marbre. La volonté d’imiter les marbriers italiens qui avaient exécuté le tabernacle et le retable de la chapelle de l’Escorial pour Philippe II est certainement présente. Ces œuvres ont depuis toujours constitué un motif d’orgueil national. Pour la décoration du Palais royal de Madrid, Philippe V et ses successeurs ont décidé de n’utiliser que des matériaux espagnols. Cette exclusivité a provoqué une véritable campagne d’exploration et d’exploitation géologique du territoire, qui a fourni une information exhaustive sur l’orographie nationale jusqu’à ce que Ferdinand VI permette en 1748 l’ouverture des carrières privées pour continuer le chantier.
Perte et lutte pour la biodiversité : perceptions et débats contradictoires
Authors: Séné Abdourahmane Mbade
Published: September 2012

Face à l’avancée des connaissances scientifiques et aux enjeux de développement de plus en plus opposés entre le Nord détenteur des technologies et des industries et le Sud détenteur des ressources naturelles biologiques se pose le problème de la perception sur les causes de perte de la biodiversité mais également des solutions envisageables pour lutter contre le fléau. Cette recherche s’intéresse donc à ces questions et place au cœur de l’analyse de la problématique de la perte de biodiversité et des solutions adoptées, les questions de justice, d’éthique et d’équité environnementales.
Burkina Faso, géoressource et société : un projet scientifique Sud-Nord au service d’une gestion raisonnée des géoressources en Afrique intertropicale
Authors: Bouchot Vincent , Kaboré Emile Bangraogo , Itard Yann , Courtois Nathalie , Somé Sylvain , Sy Aïssata Tapsoba , Récoché Gilles
Published: September 2012

En Afrique intertropicale, les 100 premiers mètres sous la surface sont le siège d’intenses processus d’altération latéritique. En transformant la roche, cette altération facilite considérablement l’accès à de nombreuses géoressources (ex. or, argile, eau souterraine) par des exploitants nationaux. En conséquence, la mise au point méthodologique de carte de la zone d’altération latéritique et de cartes dérivées prédisant la localisation de la ressource en or et en eau souterraine constitue un pré-requis à une gestion raisonnée des géoressources. Cette méthodologie a été élaborée entre 2007 et 2008, dans le cadre du projet scientifique « Burkina Faso, Géoressources et Société » (BF-GS), par les services géologiques du Burkina Faso (BUMIGEB) et de France (BRGM), suivant une démarche participative Sud-Nord. Afin de répondre aux attentes des utilisateurs finaux (artisans, PME, aménageurs du territoire, ministère…), la création d’un « COMité d’UTilisateurs finaux » (COMUT) a formalisé le cadre nécessaire à l’expression de leurs besoins et a joué le rôle de comité de pilotage des activités scientifiques tout au long du projet. Au final, ce projet a permis aux services géologiques de maîtriser une méthodologie de cartographie pour la gestion raisonnée des géoressources et, à l’avenir, de les appliquer au Burkina Faso ou dans d’autres régions d’Afrique caractérisées par une altération latéritique. La collaboration scientifique sud-nord a eu pour effet de renforcer les relations entre les deux organismes publics à travers l’échange d’expériences, le transfert de compétences et l’acquisition commune d’un savoir-faire.
Les Accords de Cancún face aux enjeux des négociations internationales sur le climat
Authors: Audet René , Bonin Patrick
Published: September 2012

La seizième Conférence des Parties (COP16) de la Convention-cadre des Nations Unies sur le changement climatique a pris fin le 11 décembre 2010 sur une note positive, alors que les Accords de Cancún ont été adoptés. Afin d’évaluer le résultat de la COP16, cet article se fixe le double objectif de réfléchir aux grands enjeux des négociations sur le climat, puis d’envisager les Accords de Cancún à la lumière de ceux-ci. Ces enjeux sont l’avenir du multilatéralisme, le problème de l’injustice climatique et l’incertitude sur l’architecture légale du futur traité sur le climat. Cette analyse des Accords de Cancún laisse paraître un paradoxe que la prochaine Conférence des Parties devra aborder de front à la fin de 2011.
Forêt et biodiversité des zones humides en France : Quelles relations ? Quelles perspectives pour l’avenir ?
Authors: Petit-Berghem Yves
Published: September 2012

En France, beaucoup de zones humides ont bénéficié des politiques de boisements engagées dès le XIXe siècle. Le boisement impulsa une nouvelle dynamique de territoire et permit une valorisation de ces zones humides en capitalisant une ressource exploitée des années plus tard. Le contexte économique n'est plus le même aujourd'hui et la mission du forestier n'est plus forcément celle de produire du bois. Le cadre réglementaire (lois, circulaires, directives internationales) est en faveur d'une meilleure prise en compte de la diversité biologique dans l'aménagement et la gestion forestière. Ce nouveau contexte transcrit en droit les grandes évolutions des idées et des comportements, au terme d'une transformation importante de la culture des forestiers. Les services rendus par la forêt sont aujourd'hui reconnus. Dans beaucoup de zones humides, la forêt contribue ainsi à la fois à protéger un milieu exceptionnel (habitats) et à fournir une eau de grande qualité. Mais les services rendus ont aussi un coût nourrissant de nouveaux débats entre les acteurs de l'eau et de la forêt.
La notion de réseau écologique en France : construction scientifique, appropriation par les politiques publiques et traduction territoriale
Authors: Debray Adèle
Published: September 2012

La destruction des écosystèmes et la fragmentation des milieux naturels constituent aujourd’hui la première cause d’érosion de la biodiversité. Au niveau international, ce constat a conduit les états et les ONG à formuler des objectifs cadres pour garantir sa conservation à long terme. Dans ce contexte, le réseau écologique a pris une importance croissante dans les politiques de protection de la nature, notamment en Europe. Approche renouvelée de la conservation de la biodiversité, le réseau écologique est un concept clé en écologie du paysage, dont l’objet est d’assurer des connexions entre les habitats naturels des espèces par des corridors, afin de maintenir la connectivité du paysage, qui est une des conditions principales de la survie des espèces.  L’article propose de mettre l’accent sur la construction de ce concept, de ses fondements scientifiques à son appropriation par les politiques publiques, ainsi que les problèmes soulevés par sa déclinaison à l’échelle locale. Le cas de la France servira de support à cette analyse, à travers la mise en œuvre de la trame verte et bleue.
La biodiversité dans les carrières, une réalité ? Avis des associations naturalistes
Authors: Chapel Anaïs Guérin
Published: September 2012

La recherche qui a porté sur la durabilité des territoires des sablières en Bretagne, nous a amené à suivre des projets de « réaménagement écologiques ». Le suivis de ces projets nous a permis de faire un état des lieux des avis des différentes partie prenantes concernant les opportunités qui pouvaient être les sites de sablières pour la biodiversité.