bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between whole grain food intake in Canada and nutrient intake, food group intake and diet quality: Findings from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey
Authors: Smith Jessica , Zhu Yong , Jain Neha , Holschuh Norton
Published: July 2021

Whole grains have been associated with numerous beneficial health outcomes and are recommended in Canada’s Food Guide; however, there is little research on whole grains specific to Canada. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the association between Canadians’ WG intake and nutrients, food groups and diet quality and to understand top sources of WG in the diets of Canadians. We used data from the Canadian Community Health Survey 2015: a cross-sectional survey that collected information on diet (using a 24-hour recall) and health from 20,487 Canadians 1 year and older. We classified study participants according to their WG intake: non-WG (n = 10,883) and three groups based on age-specific tertiles of WG intake, low-WG (n = 3,322), mid-WG (n = 3,180), and high-WG (n = 3,102). Results were analyzed using population-based survey methods and were adjusted for energy, age, gender, overweight/obesity, income, and supplement use. We found differences in nutrients and food groups by WG group: there was a significant linear trend across groups of increasing WG for increased fiber (children and adults), vitamin B6(children), thiamin (adults), potassium (children and adults), zinc (adults), calcium (children and adults), iron (children and adults), magnesium (children and adults), fruit (adults), and legumes, nuts and seeds (adults); and decreased total fat (adults), saturated fat (adults), folate (children and adults), refined grains (adults and children), and meat and poultry (adults) intake. We found that there were no differences in total sugar or sodium intake across WG intake groups. The high WG intake group for both children and adults had higher diet quality, measured by the Nutrient Rich Food Index 9.3, compared to non-WG eaters. The top 2 food sources of WG across WG intake groups for children and adults were whole grain oat and high fiber breakfast cereal and whole grain and whole wheat bread. Other top sources of WG included rice, bread products, other breakfast cereals, salty snacks, cereal grains and flours, pasta, and sweet snacks. This research supports recommendations to increase WG foods intake as a means to improve diet quality of Canadians.
A general model of conversational dynamics and an example application in serious illness communication
Authors: Clarfeld Laurence A. , Gramling Robert , Rizzo Donna M. , Eppstein Margaret J.
Published: July 2021

Conversation has been a primary means for the exchange of information since ancient times. Understanding patterns of information flow in conversations is a critical step in assessing and improving communication quality. In this paper, we describe COnversational DYnamics Model (CODYM) analysis, a novel approach for studying patterns of information flow in conversations. CODYMs are Markov Models that capture sequential dependencies in the lengths of speaker turns. The proposed method is automated and scalable, and preserves the privacy of the conversational participants. The primary function of CODYM analysis is to quantify and visualize patterns of information flow, concisely summarized over sequential turns from one or more conversations. Our approach is general and complements existing methods, providing a new tool for use in the analysis of any type of conversation. As an important first application, we demonstrate the model on transcribed conversations between palliative care clinicians and seriously ill patients. These conversations are dynamic and complex, taking place amidst heavy emotions, and include difficult topics such as end-of-life preferences and patient values. We use CODYMs to identify normative patterns of information flow in serious illness conversations, show how these normative patterns change over the course of the conversations, and show how they differ in conversations where the patient does or doesn’t audibly express anger or fear. Potential applications of CODYMs range from assessment and training of effective healthcare communication to comparing conversational dynamics across languages, cultures, and contexts with the prospect of identifying universal similarities and unique “fingerprints” of information flow.
Relationships between work ethic and motivation to work from the point of view of the self-determination theory
Authors: Grabowski Damian , Chudzicka-Czupała Agata , Stapor Katarzyna
Published: July 2021

Most studies on motivation to work concentrate on its environmental and situational antecedents. Individual values are not the point of interest of empirical analyses. The aim of the research described in the paper was to seek possible relationships between work ethic and motivation to work. A hypothesis was put forward that work ethic, in the classical Weberian approach, is connected with motivation to work, from the point of view of Ryan’s and Deci’s self-determination theory. The study on a sample of 405 Polish employees was conducted with use of the Polish version ofMultidimensional Work Ethic ProfileMWEP-PL andWork Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation Scale, in the Polish adaptation WEIMS-PL. The Canonical Correlation Analysis was used to assess the simultaneous interrelationships between two sets of the variables measured. The results show that selected dimensions of work ethic, such as centrality of work, valuing hard work, perceiving work as an obligation, anti-leisure sentiment and delay of gratification are positively related to autonomous dimensions of motivation: intrinsic motivation, integration and identification, and non-autonomous introjection. Attributing a high value to hard work, including the conviction that it leads to success, aversion to wasting time and self-reliance correlate positively with taking up work for extrinsic rewards and with the desire to acquire a positive opinion about oneself as well as gain approval and recognition from others. Work ethic is connected on the one hand with autonomous motivation, including in particular intrinsic motivation, and on the other hand with extrinsic motivation, with the striving for success, which is the result of work. After empirical verification the findings could become a base for training programs and shape the way of influencing people’s motivation, morale, attitude towards work and job satisfaction. They can result in the way employees are managed and selected for different tasks.
Hospital admission for type 2 diabetes mellitus under the Universal Coverage Scheme in Thailand: A time- and geographical-trend analysis, 2009–2016
Authors: Laowahutanon Tanapat , Nakamura Haruyo , Tachimori Hisateru , Nomura Shuhei , Liabsuetrakul Tippawan , Lim Apiradee , Rawdaree Petch , Suchonwanich Netnapis , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Ishizuka Aya , Shibuya Kenji , Miyata Hiroaki , Chongsuvivatwong Virasakdi
Published: July 2021

Background

Descriptive analyses of 2009–2016 were performed using the data of the Universal Coverage Scheme (UCS) which covers nearly 70 percent of the Thai population. The analyses described the time and geographical trends of nationwide admission rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications, including chronic kidney disease (CKD), myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular diseases, retinopathy, cataract, and diabetic foot amputation.

Methods and findings

The database of T2DM patients aged 15–100 years who were admitted between 2009 and 2016 under the UCS and that of the UCS population were retrieved for the analyses. The admitted cases of T2DM were extracted from the database using disease codes of principal and secondary diagnoses defined by the International Classification of Diseases 9th and 10th Revisions. The T2DM admission rates in 2009–2016 were the number of admissions divided by the number of the UCS population. The standardized admission rates (SARs)were further estimated in contrast to the expected number of admissions considering age and sex composition of the UCS population in each region. A linearly increased trend was found in T2DM admission rates from 2009 to 2016. Female admission rates were persistently higher than that of males. In 2016, an increase in the T2DM admission rates was observed among the older ages relative to that in 2009. Although the SARs of T2DM were generally higher in Bangkok and central regions in 2009, except that with CKD and foot amputation which had higher trends in northeastern regions, the geographical inequalities were fairly reduced by 2016.

Conclusion

Admission rates of T2DM and its major complications increased in Thailand from 2009 to 2016. Although the overall geographical inequalities in the SARs of T2DM were reduced in the country, further efforts are required to improve the health system and policies focusing on risk factors and regions to manage the increasing T2DM.
Impact of the implementation of carbon emission trading on corporate financial performance: Evidence from listed companies in China
Authors: Liu Meijuan , Zhou Chang , Lu Feifei , Hu Xiaohan
Published: July 2021

With the development of ecological paradigm coupled with the relentless implementation of myriad environmental policies in China, the rapid development of carbon emission trading and carbon trading market has had a vital impact on the financial performance of enterprises at the microlevel. This study has sampled the A-share listed companies in China, from 2009 to 2018, and adopted the difference-in-difference (DID) method to investigate the effect of the carbon emission trading on corporate financial performance from the microlevel. Evidence showed that the implementation of carbon emission trading effectively improved the total asset-liability ratio of enterprises, though it reduced the value of the current capital market. Moreover, in the regions under strict legal environment, the enhancement effect of the total asset-liability ratio was more obvious, whereas in the regions under loose legal environment, the reduction effect of the value of the capital market was more obvious. Further analysis showed that the implementation of carbon emission trading could not promote Chinese enterprises to increase R&D investment. Hence the implementation of carbon emission trading has improved the level of non-business income of enterprises incorporated into the trading system, but its impact on the investment income of enterprises was not significant.
Spatio-temporal evolution and mechanism of regional innovation efficiency: Evidence from Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration of China
Authors: Cao Xianzhong , Chen Bo , Si Yuefang , Hu Senlin , Zeng Gang
Published: July 2021

Regional innovation is an important research topic in economic geography, the spatio-temporal evolution and mechanism of regional innovation efficiency have recently become a hot for economic geographers. From the perspective of input and output efficiency, this paper constructs evaluation indicator of regional innovation, with the help of Constant Returns to Scale (CRS) and Variable Returns to Scale (VRS) models, and Malmquist indicator method of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), to analyze regional innovation performance, evolution trend, spatial differentiation, and evolution mechanism of Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration (YRDUA) of China. The results show that: (i) Innovation efficiency of YRDUA is generally low, most of which is less than 80 percent of optimal efficiency; however, it kept rising from 2000 to 2015. (ii) Spatial inequality of regional innovation in YRDUA is significant, with a spatial pattern in the shape of “Z”, composed by Hefei, Nanjing, Shanghai, Hangzhou and Ningbo, innovation efficiency of Shanghai is higher than Zhejiang, Anhui and Jiangsu. (iii) Technology progress is the most important influencing factor, all kinds of changing indicator show a trend of rise, and the total factor productivity is changing significantly. This research can provide theoretical reference for the YRDUA to achieve high-quality integration.
Genetic diversity and population structure analysis of bambara groundnut (Vigna subterrenea L) landraces using DArT SNP markers
Authors: Uba Charles U. , Oselebe Happiness O. , Tesfaye Abush A. , Abtew Wosene G.
Published: July 2021

Understanding the genetic structure and diversity of crops facilitates progress in plant breeding. A collection of 270 bambara groundnut (Vigna subterreneaL) landraces sourced from different geographical regions (Nigeria/Cameroon, West, Central, Southern and East Africa) and unknown origin (sourced from United Kingdom) was used to assess genetic diversity, relationship and population structure using DArT SNP markers. The major allele frequency ranged from 0.57 for unknown origin to 0.91 for West Africa region. The total gene diversity (0.482) and Shannon diversity index (0.787) was higher in West African accessions. The genetic distance between pairs of regions varied from 0.002 to 0.028 with higher similarity between Nigeria/Cameroon-West Africa accessions and East-Southern Africa accessions. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed 89% of genetic variation within population, 8% among regions and 3% among population. The genetic relatedness among the collections was evaluated using neighbor joining tree analysis, which grouped all the geographic regions into three major clusters. Three major subgroups of bambara groundnut were identified using the ADMIXTURE model program and confirmed by discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC). These subgroups were West Africa, Nigeria/Cameroon and unknown origin that gave rise to sub-population one, and Central Africa was sub-population two, while Southern and East Africa were sub-population three. In general, the results of all the different analytical methods used in this study confirmed the existence of high level of diversity among the germplasm used in this study that might be utilized for future genetic improvement of bambara groundnut. The finding also provides new insight on the population structure of African bambara groundnut germplasm which will help in conservation strategy and management of the crop.
Landscape of stress: Tree mortality influences physiological stress and survival in a native mesocarnivore
Authors: Kordosky Jennifer R. , Gese Eric M. , Thompson Craig M. , Terletzky Patricia A. , Neuman-Lee Lorin A. , Schneiderman Jon D. , Purcell Kathryn L. , French Susannah S.
Published: July 2021

Climate change and anthropogenic modifications to the landscape can have both positive and negative effects on an animal. Linking landscape change to physiological stress and fitness of an animal is a fundamental tenet to be examined in applied ecology. Cortisol is a glucocorticoid hormone that can be used to indicate an animal’s physiological stress response. In the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California, fishers (Pekania pennanti) are a threatened mesocarnivore that have been subjected to rapid landscape changes due to anthropogenic modifications and tree mortality related to a 4-year drought. We measured cortisol concentrations in the hair of 64 fishers (41 females, 23 males) captured and radio-collared in the Sierra National Forest, California. We addressed two main questions: (1) Is the physiological stress response of fishers influenced by anthropogenic factors, habitat type, canopy cover, and tree mortality due to drought in their home range? (2) Does the physiological stress response influence survival, reproduction, or body condition? We examined these factors within a fisher home range at 3 scales (30, 60, 95% isopleths). Using model selection, we found that tree mortality was the principle driver influencing stress levels among individual fishers with female and male fishers having increasing cortisol levels in home ranges with increasing tree mortality. Most importantly, we also found a link between physiological stress and demography where female fishers with low cortisol levels had the highest annual survival rate (0.94), whereas females with medium and high cortisol had lower annual survival rates, 0.78 and 0.81, respectively. We found no significant relationships between cortisol levels and body condition, male survival, or litter size. We concluded that tree mortality related to a 4-year drought has created a “landscape of stress” for this small, isolated fisher population.
The fisheries governance tool: A practical and accessible approach to evaluating management systems
Authors: Swasey Jill H. , Iudicello Suzanne , Parkes Graeme , Trumble Robert , Stevens Kara , Silver Martha , Recchia Cheri A.
Published: July 2021

The Fisheries Governance Tool (FGT) is a comprehensive, evidence-based diagnostic tool that fishery managers, environmental organizations, funders, investors, and other key stakeholders can use to track progress against sustainability goals, identify gaps and challenges that impede continued improvement, and set targets for improvement. The diagnostic tool was developed following a thorough review of existing evaluation and assessment schemes and builds upon many of the credible and widely accepted guidelines and assessment tools currently available. It is built on the premise that the most comprehensive and informative measures of country or regional performance requires evaluation of evidence across three components: 1) the laws and policies governing fisheries, 2) the capacity to implement those policies, and 3) the functioning and performance of the fishery management system and fisheries. The Tool’s reliance on empirical evidence allows for an objective, repeatable and rigorous evaluation. Driving this work has been recognition of the importance of identifying and strengthening the enabling conditions for good fisheries management. The FGT offers a unique integrated evaluation of enabling factors and outcomes across the triple bottom line of ecological sustainability, economic efficiency and social/community well-being, with measures spanning a range of identifiable performance levels. Measures identify the building blocks of sound and durable management that lead to more sustainable and responsible fisheries. The Tool was refined through consultation with experts from around the world. The public version of the FGT can be downloaded and allows users to enter data and visualize the results, providing a diagnosis of their management system. The Tool is available in several languages.
Altered states phenomena induced by visual flicker light stimulation
Authors: Bartossek Marie Therese , Kemmerer Johanna , Schmidt Timo Torsten
Published: July 2021

Flicker light stimulation can induce short-term alterations in consciousness including hallucinatory color perception and geometric patterns. In the study at hand, the subjective experiences during 3 Hz and 10 Hz stroboscopic light stimulation of the closed eyes were assessed. In a within-subjects design (N = 24), we applied the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (mood state), time perception ratings, the Altered State of Consciousness Rating Scale, and the Phenomenology of Consciousness Inventory. Furthermore, we tested for effects of personality traits (NEO Five-Factor Inventory-2 and Tellegen Absorption Scale) on subjective experiences. Such systematic quantification improves replicability, facilitates comparisons between pharmacological and non-pharmacological techniques to induce altered states of consciousness, and is the prerequisite to study their underlying neuronal mechanisms. The resulting data showed that flicker light stimulation-induced states were characterized by vivid visual hallucinations of simple types, with effects strongest in the 10 Hz condition. Additionally, participants’ personality trait of Absorption scores highly correlated with the experienced alterations in consciousness. Our data demonstrate that flicker light stimulation is capable of inducing visual effects with an intensity rated to be similar in strength to effects induced by psychedelic substances and thereby support the investigation of potentially shared underlying neuronal mechanisms.
The relationship between non-motor features and weight-loss in the premanifest stage of Huntington’s disease
Authors: Khan Wasiq , Alusi Sundus , Tawfik Hissam , Hussain Abir
Published: July 2021

Weight-loss is an integral part of Huntington’s disease (HD) that can start before the onset of motor symptoms. Investigating the underlying pathological processes may help in the understanding of this devastating disease as well as contribute to its management. However, the complex behavior and associations of multiple biological factors is impractical to be interpreted by the conventional statistics or human experts. For the first time, we combine a clinical dataset, expert knowledge and machine intelligence to model the multi-dimensional associations between the potentially relevant factors and weight-loss activity in HD, specifically at the premanifest stage. The HD dataset is standardized and transformed into required knowledge base with the help of clinical HD experts, which is then processed by the class rule mining and self-organising maps to identify the significant associations. Statistical results and experts’ report indicate a strong association between severe weight-loss in HD at the premanifest stage and measures of certain cognitive, psychiatric functional ability factors. These results suggest that the mechanism underlying weight-loss in HD is, at least partly related to dysfunction of certain areas of the brain, a finding that may have not been apparent otherwise. These associations will aid the understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease and its progression and may in turn help in HD treatment trials.
Human reliability analysis in de-energization of power line using HEART in the context of Z-numbers
Authors: Aghaei Hamed , Mirzaei Aliabadi Mostafa , Mollabahrami Farzaneh , Najafi Kamran
Published: July 2021

Investigation reveals that a high percentage of incident causes are ascribed to some forms of human error. To effectively prevent incidents from happening, Human Reliability Analysis (HRA), as a structured way to represent unintentional operator contribution to system reliability, is a critical issue. Human Error Reduction and Assessment Technique (HEART) as a famous HRA technique, provides a straightforward method to estimate probabilities of human error based on the analysis of tasks. However, it faces varying levels of uncertainty in assigning of weights to each error producing condition (EPC), denoted as assessed proportion of affect (APOA), by experts. To overcome this limitation and consider the confidence level (reliability or credibility) of the experts, the current study aimed at proposing a composite HEART methodology for human error probability (HEP) assessment, which integrates HEART and Z-numbers short for, Z-HEART. The applicability and effectiveness of the Z-HEART has been illustrated in the de-energization power line as a case study. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis is fulfilled to investigate the validity of the proposed methodology. It can be concluded that Z-HEART is feasible for assessing human error, and despite the methodological contributions, it offers many advantages for electricity distribution companies.
A cross-sectional study of factors associated with unstable housing among marginalized people who use drugs in Ottawa, Canada
Authors: Rowlands Snyder Ellen C. , Boucher Lisa M. , Bayoumi Ahmed M. , Martin Alana , Marshall Zack , Boyd Rob , LeBlanc Sean , Tyndall Mark , Kendall Claire E.
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Housing affects an individual’s physical and mental health, particularly among people who use substances. Understanding the association between individual characteristics and housing status can inform housing policy and help optimize the care of people who use drugs. The objective of this study was to explore the factors associated with unstable housing among people who use drugs in Ottawa.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional analysis of data from 782 participants in the Participatory Research in Ottawa: Understanding Drugs (PROUD) Study. PROUD is a prospective cohort study of people who use drugs in Ottawa. Between March and December 2013, participants were recruited through peer-based recruitment on the streets and in social services settings and completed a peer-administered questionnaire that explored socio-demographic information, drug use patterns, community integration, experiences with police and incarceration, and access to health care and harm reduction services. Eligibility criteria included age of 16 years or older, self-reported illicit drug use within the past 12 months and having lived in Ottawa for at least 3 months. Housing status was determined by self-report. “Stable housing” was defined as residence in a house or apartment and “unstable housing” was defined as all other residence types. Exploratory multivariable logistic regression analyses of the association between characteristics of people who use drugs and their housing status were conducted.

Results

Factors that were associated with unstable housing included: recent incarceration; not having a regular doctor; not having received support from a peer worker; low monthly income; income source other than public disability support payments; and younger age. Gender, language, ethnicity, education level, opioid use and injection drug use were not independently associated with housing status.

Conclusions

People who use drugs face significant barriers to stable housing. These results highlight key areas to address in order to improve housing stability among this community.
Changes in the structure and composition of the ‘Mexical’ scrubland bee community along an elevational gradient
Authors: Osorio-Canadas Sergio , Flores-Hernández Noé , Sánchez-Ortiz Tania , Valiente-Banuet Alfonso
Published: July 2021

‘Mexical’ scrubland is a sclerophyllous evergreen Mediterranean-like vegetation occurring in the leeward slopes of the main Mexican mountain ranges, under tropical climate. This biome occupies an elevational range approximately from 1900 to 2600 meters above sea level, which frequently is the upper-most part of the mountains range. This puts it at risk of extinction in a scenario of global warming in which an upward retraction of this type of vegetation is expected. The Mexical remains one of the least studied ecosystems in Mexico. For instance, nothing is known about pollinator fauna of this vegetation. Our main objective is to make a first insight into the taxonomic identity of the bee fauna that inhabits this biome, and to study how it is distributed along the elevational gradient that it occupies. Our results highlight that elevation gradient negatively affects bee species richness and that this relationship is strongly mediated by temperature. Bee abundance had no significant pattern along elevational gradient, but shows a significant relationship with flower density. Interestingly, and contrary to previous works, we obtained a different pattern for bee richness and bee abundance. Bee community composition changed strongly along elevation gradient, mainly in relation to temperature and flower density. In a global warming scenario, as temperatures increases, species with cold preferences, occupying the highest part of the elevation gradient, are likely to suffer negative consequences (even extinction risk), if they are not flexible enough to adjust their physiology and/or some life-story traits to warmer conditions. Species occupying mid and lower elevations are likely to extend their range of elevational distribution towards higher ranges. This will foreseeably cause a new composition of species and a new scenario of interactions, the adjustment of which still leaves many unknowns to solve.
Pupillary response to real, illusory, and implied motion
Authors: Castellotti Serena , Francisci Carlo , Del Viva Maria Michela
Published: July 2021

The perception of moving objects (real motion) is a critical function for interacting with a dynamic environment. Motion perception can be also induced by particular structural features of static images (illusory motion) or by photographic images of subjects in motion (implied motion, IM). Many cortical areas are involved in motion processing, particularly the medial temporal cortical area (MT), dedicated to the processing of real, illusory, and implied motion. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the influence of high-level visual processes on pupillary responses. However, just a few studies have measured the effect of motion processing on the pupil, and not always with consistent results. Here we systematically investigate the effects of real, illusory, and implied motion on the pupil diameter for the first time, by showing different types of stimuli (movies, illusions, and photos) with the same average luminance to the same observers. We find different pupillary responses depending on the nature of motion. Real motion elicits a larger pupillary dilation than IM, which in turn induces more dilation than control photos representing static subjects (No-IM). The pupil response is sensitive even to the strength of IM, as photos with enhanced IM (blur, motion streaks, speed lines) induce larger dilation than simple freezed IM (subjects captured in the instant they are moving). Also, the subject represented in the stimulus matters: human figures are interpreted as more dynamic and induce larger dilation than objects/animals. Interestingly, illusory motion induces much less dilation than all the other motion categories, despite being seen as moving. Overall, pupil responses depend on the individual perception of dynamicity, confirming that the pupil is modulated by the subjective interpretation of complex stimuli. We argue that the different pupillary responses to real, illusory, and implied motion reflect the top-down modulations of different cortical areas involved in their processing.
The German Alliance Against Depression and suicide rates: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Köhler Judith , Heinz Ines , Mergl Roland , Elsner Anne , Hegerl Ulrich
Published: July 2021

Supported by the German Alliance Against Depression, 82 regions in Germany launched their own community-based multi-level intervention programs targeting both depression and suicidal behavior prior to January 2016. Sixteen of these regions have implemented the full 4-level intervention program comprising 1) training of General Practitioners, 2) a public awareness campaign, 3) training of community facilitators and 4) support for depressed patients and their relatives for at least three years. The aim of the study was to examine possible suicide prevention effects in these sixteen 4-level intervention regions (comprising a population of 6,976,309) by 1) comparing the annual suicide rates during the 3-year intervention period to a 10-year baseline and 2) comparing these differences to corresponding trends in Germany after excluding all intervention regions (Germany-IR). Primary outcome was the annual rate of suicides. Analyses included negative binomial regression models. When examining differences between suicide rates during the intervention period compared to the baseline period, only a trend towards a significant reduction was found. This reduction of suicides in the sixteen 4-level intervention regions did not differ from that in Germany-IR as control. The interpretation of these findings has to take into account that the training of General Practitioners, police and other community facilitators might have improved the recognition of suicides, thus increasing detection rates. Furthermore, destigmatizing effects of the public awareness campaigns might have increased the number of suicides by lowering suicide threshold (“normalization”) for those at risk and by decreasing the rate of suicides deliberately hidden by suicide victims or their relatives.
Using Plasmodium knowlesi as a model for screening Plasmodium vivax blood-stage malaria vaccine targets reveals new candidates
Authors: Ndegwa Duncan N. , Kundu Prasun , Hostetler Jessica B. , Marin-Menendez Alejandro , Sanderson Theo , Mwikali Kioko , Verzier Lisa H. , Coyle Rachael , Adjalley Sophie , Rayner Julian C.
Published: July 2021

Plasmodium vivaxis responsible for the majority of malaria cases outside Africa. UnlikeP.falciparum, theP.vivaxlife-cycle includes a dormant liver stage, the hypnozoite, which can cause infection in the absence of mosquito transmission. An effective vaccine againstP.vivaxblood stages would limit symptoms and pathology from such recurrent infections, and therefore could play a critical role in the control of this species. Vaccine development inP.vivax, however, lags considerably behindP.falciparum, which has many identified targets with several having transitioned to Phase II testing. By contrast only oneP.vivaxblood-stage vaccine candidate based on the Duffy Binding Protein (PvDBP), has reached Phase Ia, in large part because the lack of a continuousin vitroculture system forP.vivaxlimits systematic screening of new candidates. We used the close phylogenetic relationship betweenP.vivaxandP.knowlesi, for which anin vitroculture system in human erythrocytes exists, to test the scalability of systematic reverse vaccinology to identify and prioritiseP.vivaxblood-stage targets. A panel ofP.vivaxproteins predicted to function in erythrocyte invasion were expressed as full-length recombinant ectodomains in a mammalian expression system. Eight of these antigens were used to generate polyclonal antibodies, which were screened for their ability to recognize orthologous proteins inP.knowlesi. These antibodies were then tested for inhibition of growth and invasion of both wild typeP.knowlesiand chimericP.knowlesilines modified using CRISPR/Cas9 to exchangeP.knowlesigenes with theirP.vivaxorthologues. Candidates that induced antibodies that inhibited invasion to a similar level as PvDBP were identified, confirming the utility ofP.knowlesias a model forP.vivaxvaccine development and prioritizing antigens for further follow up.
The fashion scandal: Social media, identity and the globalization of fashion in the twenty-first century
Authors: Vänskä Annamari , Gurova Olga
Published: July 2021

During the latter part of the 2010s, many fashion brands – e.g., Gucci, Burberry, Dolce & Gabbana, Prada, Dior – have been caught up with scandals and called out for racism, cultural appropriation and other types of insensitivity towards vulnerable groups. This article will unpack, through critical analysis of some of these examples, the changing landscape of the ‘fashion scandal’ in the late-2010s. We understand fashion scandals as the fuel of fashion. They are debated in social media and they are controversial actions, statements or events that cause strong emotional responses. Even though scandal has been proven effective in fashion marketing for decades, and despite it is still frequently used, there might be a change on the way. Our examples suggest that with the rise of social media and its so-called ‘citizen journalism’ the tactics of creating scandals may have lost their lustre and can easily turn against the brand. We will also discuss new tactics that brands have adopted to escape undesired scandals by establishing new roles such as the ‘diversity consultant’.
A sportperzisztencia vizsgálata az egészség, kapcsolati háló, motiváció és tanulmányi eredményesség függvényében
Authors: Kovács Karolina Eszter
Published: July 2021

A sportperzisztencia, bár kevésbé kutatott terület, vizsgálata jelentősen hozzájárulhat a sportoló tevékenységének hátterében álló tényezők alapos vizsgálatához és megértéséhez. Integrálja a fizikai aktivitás, a sportmotiváció és sport melletti elköteleződés komponenseit, valamint az ezekre ható faktorokat. Az ezek közötti kapcsolathálózat azonban még nem tisztázott. A kutatás célja a sportperzisztenciára ható faktorok vizsgálata egy egyetemi mintán. Ehhez a PERSIST 2019 adatbázist használtuk, amely Magyarország keleti régiójának felsőoktatási intézményeinek, valamint Szlovákia, Románia, Ukrajna és Szerbia felsőoktatási intézményeinek hallgató adatait tartalmazza (N=2201). A sportperzisztenciára ható faktorok vizsgálata lineáris regresszióanalízissel történt meg, amely során öt modellen keresztül történt meg a vizsgált faktorok (demográfiai háttér, objektív és szubjektív egészségtudatosság, integráció és kapcsolati háló, sportmotiváció, tanulmányi eredményesség) bevonása. Az eredmények alapján a szocio-demográfiai háttér szerepe kevésbé jelentős, csupán a nem és a képzési terület hatása szignifikáns, amely alapján a férfiak és a sport képzési területen tanulók szignifikánsan sportperzisztenciája magasabb. Az egészségtudatosság vonatkozásában a sportolási gyakoriság és egyes egészségkárosító magatartásformák hatása is szignifikánsan pozitív. A megküzdés pozitívan hat, az elégedettség esetében pedig a szabadidős tevékenységekkel való elégedettség magasabb, míg az oktatói minőséggel való elégedettség alacsonyabb sportperzisztenciát eredményez. A sportbeágyazottság szerepe jelentős a sportperzisztencia megtartásában, a kapcsolati mintázatok szerepe azonban nem szignifikáns. A belső és bevetített sportmotiváció pozitív, a külső motiváció pedig negatív hatást fejt ki. Végül az objektív tanulmányi eredményesség megtartó ereje volt detektálható. Az eredmények bár biztos alapot nyújtanak, még nem adnak pontos képet a sportperzisztenciára ható faktorokról, ezért a jövőben szükséges az eredményeket a fizikai aktivitás sajátosságait, valamint a sportmotivációt befolyásoló faktorok eredményeivel összevetni és elemezni.
A pedagógia és a pszichológia a sztálini korban
Authors: Sáska Géza
Published: July 2021

Az utókor Makarenkot hol sztálinistának, hol humanistának tartja. Általános ismertsége Sztálin politikájának a terméke. A szovjet szocialista állam forradalmi oktatáspolitikát a nyugat európai-amerikai reformpedagógiára építették, amelyet Sztálin a gyermektanulmányozás ellen gyűlöletkampány légkörében bontott le, amiben Makarenko is vezető szerepet játszott, egyben az új nemzeti kurzus célkitűzéseihez illeszkedő új ember nevelésének pedagógiáját képviselte. A polgárháború és az ukrajnai éhínség idején bűnbandákba szerveződött árváinak sikeres kényszer-átnevelés képe rajzolódik ki a legismertebb művében. A gyerek az üzemekben termelőmunkát végeztek és tanultak az iskolában annak a Belügyi Népbiztonság munka-telepén, ami a felnőtteknek kényszer, illetve átnevelőmunkatáborokat is szervezte. A termelés hatékonyságával szemben Makarenko a nevelést tekintette elsődlegesnek, innen ered a humanizmusáról alkotott képzet. Makarenko mítoszát halála után építette fel tudatosan a sztálini propaganda, műveit, leveleit célirányosan szerkesztve, átírva adta ki az ötvenes években valamennyi népi demokratikus ország. A mélyen bevésődött hamisított Makarenko kép restaurálását előbb Nyugat Németországban majd, főként a rendszerváltást követően Kelet Európában kezdték el, csekély hatással.
Anestesia local
Authors: Zogbi Luciano , Rigatti Gabriel , Audino Daniel Fagundes , Audino Lázaro Fagundes
Published: July 2021

O uso de anestésicos locais tem se dado em larga escala na prática médica, pois além de ser o tipo mais seguro de anestesia, permite a realização de procedimentos em um paciente acordado sem ele sentir dor. A cocaína, um composto nativo da Cordilheira dos Andes, foi o primeiro anestésico a ser descoberto e é o único de ocorrência natural; todos os outros são derivados sinteticamente. Anestésicos locais atuam nos axônios, bloqueando de modo reversível a geração e a condução do impulso nervoso (sem gerar alteração de consciência), podendo atuar em qualquer tipo de fibra nervosa. Neste capítulo, apresentamos os princípios da anestesia local com detalhes fundamentais para que o leitor a execute de maneira segura e eficaz
Punção arterial
Authors: Ogliari Ana Luisa Canova , Piazzetta Gustavo Ranzolin , Martins Filho Cleuber Gea
Published: July 2021

Neste capítulo abordaremos a técnica de coleta do sangue arterial através da punção arterial para análise dos parâmetros gasométricos. Tido como um dos procedimentos mais simples da rotina hospitalar, sua realização deve seguir alguns preceitos para que ocorra de forma segura, como a confirmação da necessidade, a revisão da ausência de contraindicações, a escolha do local de punção, a aplicação segura da técnica e o reconhecimento precoce de complicações. Por fim, enfocaremos cuidados para que a interpretação da gasometria arterial não seja mascarada por erros durante a coleta e o processamento da amostra.
Review of Spectral Indices for Urban Remote Sensing
Authors: Javed Akib , Cheng Qimin , Peng Hao , Altan Orhan , Li Yan , Ara Iffat , Huq Enamul , Ali Yeamin , Saleem Nayyer
Published: July 2021

Urban spectral indices have made promising improvements in the last two decades in urban land use land cover studies through mapping, estimation, change detection, time-series analyzing, urban dynamics, monitoring, modeling, and so on. Remote sensing spectral indices are unsupervised,
unbiased, rapid, scalable, and quantitative in information extraction. Hence, we aimed to summarize the most relevant urban spectral indices by focusing on multispectral, thermal, and nighttime lights indices. We use the search terms "urban index", "built-up index", "normalized difference
built-up area (NDBI )", "impervious surface index", and "spectral urban index" to collect relevant literature from the "Web of Science Core Collection" database. We found that all urban spectral indices developed since 2003, except NDBI. This review will help understand the applications of
urban spectral indices, the selection of indices based on available spectral bands, and their merits and demerits.
Configurações educacionais no âmbito do município de Uberaba, Minas Gerais: descentralização e organização da instrução pública primária (1895-1912)
Authors: Carvalho Bruno Bernardes , Carvalho Carlos Henrique de
Published: July 2021

A partir da perspectiva do espaço local, isto é, o município de Uberaba-MG, situado temporalmente entre 1895 a 1912, o presente artigo procura tratar do processo de organização da instrução pública ocorrido localmente e sua relação com o contexto mais amplo dos primeiros anos do período republicano brasileiro. Para tanto, priorizamos o trabalho com documentos produzidos pelo poder legislativo, em especial as Atas da Câmara Municipal, buscando demonstrar de que modo a municipalidade participou do processo de escolarização que caracteriza aquela ambiência nos anos iniciais da recém Proclamada República brasileira. Na esteira das discussões relativas ao problema educacional do País nos deparamos com a questão da descentralização político-administrativa e o papel das municipalidades, frente ao cenário educacional da época, o qual possibilitava aos municípios, em particular o de Uberaba, constituir-se enquanto instância de idealização e de ação em matéria de instrução pública. Neste sentido, a Câmara Municipal de Uberaba atuou de forma efetiva na questão educacional, propondo leis, criando e mantendo escolas, nomeando e remunerando professores, configurando, assim, uma organização educativa a partir da própria instância do município.
Educação Midiática e referenciais metodológicos para a elaboração de oficinas no ensino remoto
Authors: Moreira Rejane de Mattos , Moraes Ana Carla Ferreira Longo , Aragão Anny Gabrielle Fernandes , Pinto Mylena Machado da Silva
Published: July 2021

Este artigo articula o campo da comunicação e educação a fim de discutir as produções de oficinas de leituras críticas de mídia, realizadas a partir de um convênio entre o Núcleo de Estudos em Cultura Midiática e o Centro de Arte e Cultura da UFRRJ para as comunidades do seu entorno. Deste modo, refletimos aqui sobre seus processos de construção e de atividades desenvolvidas no período remoto. A leitura crítica de mídia estimula reflexões sobre a qualidade das mediações. Estas que, quando construídas coletivamente, forjam sujeitos mais conscientes e atentos ao papel das mídias. Apresentamos discussões que versam sobre o potencial da formulação de leituras que, num mesmo movimento, desenvolvem olhar crítico e analítico sobre os conteúdos midiáticos e favorecem a ampliação dos repertórios.
Os Infernos na ‘Divina Comédia e nos afrescos da capela Scrovegni:
Authors: Piazza de Melo Thatiane
Published: July 2021

O presente artigo visa demonstrar todo o impacto que a obra “Divina Comédia” escrita pelo autor Dante Alighieri exerceu nas produções pictóricas no século XIV na Itália. Em específico, será abordada a pintura realizada pelo pintor Giotto di Bondone na capela Scrovegni em Pádua. Para atingir tamanho objetivo, serão comparados os versos dessa história com as imagens, principalmente na parte do afresco sobre o tema do Juízo Final, em que o Inferno e os personagens presentes nesse espaço se assemelham com a descrição do autor. Sendo assim, apresentaremos um panorama dessas relações estreitas entre esses segmentos artísticos que transmitiram uma perspectiva da cultura e das mentalidades no período medieval.
Traços e Enlaces do Imaginário
Authors: Cláudia Mentz Martins  , Ricardo Postal
Published: July 2021

Conselho Editorial Téssera
Pervivencia de mitos históricos en la formación del Profesorado de Educación Inicial, Primaria y docentes en Argentina
Authors: Armas María Celeste , De la Montaña Conchiña Juan Luis
Published: July 2021

A fines del siglo XIX el surgimiento de los Estados Nación ha demandado a la Historia un rol legitimador en la conformación identitaria y en la consolidación de sus orígenes, dando por resultado mitos, prácticas y discursos funcionales a él. En este escenario, la escuela siempre fue un lugar propicio para acompañar los fundamentos nacionalistas materializados en las conmemoraciones, el curriculum, manuales escolares o actos rituales. En contexto, las diferentes concepciones de la Historia en general, y los ideales nacionalistas en particular, toman especial relevancia en la formación del profesorado y en el trabajo docente. En Argentina, y en gran parte del mundo, las efemérides perviven inmutables, instaurando ideas románticas y mitos históricos sobre la Historia nacional que perduran en la formación del profesorado y sus primeros años en ejercicio. El presente trabajo busca visibilizar resultados parciales de una investigación más amplia que reconoció aquellas concepciones míticas y románticas arraigadas en maestros y estudiantes del profesorado de Educación Inicial (infantil) y Primaria.
En búsqueda del enemigo: las representaciones del escenario bélico de la Guerra de Malvinas en los nuevos libros de texto (2006 – en busca)
Authors: Bottazzi Florencia
Published: July 2021

La guerra de Malvinas, lejos de ser un hecho del pasado reciente cristalizado homogéneamente en aquel complejo denominado memoria colectiva, es una cuestión que continúa atravesando al conjunto de la sociedad y persiste en la disputa de significaciones. Históricamente la institución escolar ha tenido un rol esencial en esta disputa, construyendo lazos imperantes con la identidad nacional en general y con Malvinas en particular. No obstante, estas relaciones y discursos no han sido estáticos y homogéneos, sino que se han visto modificados acorde a los nuevos esquemas, normas y reglas del tiempo histórico actual. En este trabajo nos proponemos analizar las representaciones del escenario bélico de Malvinas en esta parte fundamental del entramado social a partir del libro de texto como objeto de estudio, durante el nuevo período inaugurado por la Ley de Educación Nacional (LEN). A partir de la noción de discurso social, revistaremos las representaciones de los contendientes de la Guerra y cómo contribuyen a significar la Historia.