bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Frank confession” in institutional and everyday communication: speech genre or speech action
Authors:   Volgograd State Socio-Pedagogical University, Panchenko Nadezhda N.
Published: September 2022

The article views the specific communicative situation “frank confession” in institutional (legal) and personality-oriented (everyday) discourses. The author attempts to determine its genre affiliation in the discourses. Frank confession in legal discourse is a speech genre, which is addressed to the investigative bodies, it is characterized by a certain compositional structure, the accuracy of designation, concreteness, conciseness, standardization of presentation, the use of legal terminology and the absence of semantic ambiguity and expressive-emotional language means. Its communicative purpose is to outline the events and criminal actions committed by the author of the confession, to indicate the circumstances and information about other participants in the crime. Frank confession in everyday discourse is a speech action that varies in the degree of sincerity/frankness, does not have a strictly formal structure, correlates with three main types of actualization – a statement about guilt, an honest answer or a truthful utterance. In both discourses, there is a desemantization of the nominee’s attributive characteristic ‘frank’ found. The collocation «frank confession» functions as a term in legal discourse, it is conventionalized in everyday discourse, in which it is approximately equal to speech stamps that have lost their original connotation.
New forms of popularization of legal knowledge in popular legal discourse and its genres
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Solovyeva Yuliya O.
Published: September 2022

The article studies the way transformed traditional forms of popularization of legal knowledge in Russia impact the popular legal discourse. The form of popularization is perceived by the author as a permanent communicative model used by popularizers to increase legal awareness of non-specialists. Traditional forms of science popularization are subject to modification due to the emergence of new channels and means of communication. To interact with the target recipient, popularizers use a hybrid popular legal discourse, which enables them to disseminate legal knowledge in a comprehensible (adapted) form and maintain a steady interest of the community in legal issues. Depending on the communication channel used by the popularizer to convey the message to the audience, the author distinguishes a distant, distant-virtualized, monovirtual, contact-virtualized and contact types of popular legal discourse. Attention is drawn to the chronotope and participants of the types of discourse in question, as well as to the interdiscursive interaction in genre varieties of Russian popular legal discourse. Adapting to the changed conditions of communication, the polycode and hybridization potential of the popular legal discourse has reached a new level. In addition to informing the audience and shaping the public ideology, modern popular legal discourse also performs a recreational function. Entertainment is becoming an integral component of the texts of modern popular discourse, which makes it possible to gain and hold the attention of the public in a highly competitive environment.
Análise da Degradação em duas Instalações Fotovoltaicas, Localizadas em Porto Alegre, Brasil
Authors: Fonseca José Eduardo Ferreira da , Oliveira Fernando Schuck de , Prieb César Wilhelm Massen , Krenzinger Arno
Published: September 2022

Ao mesmo tempo em que o crescimento da energia solar fotovoltaica atinge centenas de gigawatts instalados ao redor do mundo, a durabilidade dos módulos pode ser fator chave para manter a viabilidade da tecnologia. Este trabalho descreve o estado de duas instalações fotovoltaicas situadas no LABSOL (Laboratório de Energia Solar da UFRGS). A primeira instalação funciona há quinze anos e a mais recente, há três. Para realizar esta avaliação aplicam-se algumas técnicas, destacando-se os registros de inspeções visuais, de imagens de eletroluminescência, de análises termográficas e principalmente resultados da caracterização elétrica do comportamento da curva I?V, revelando então a degradação dos materiais que compõe os módulos. A pesar dos danos revelados neste trabalho, se pode afirmar que os sistemas continuam operando dentro das expectativas. A taxa de degradação da potência para o sistema mais antigo foi de 0,7% ao ano. Na instalação de três anos, observou-se mínimo efeito visual da ação do ambiente, resultando taxa de degradação de 0,85% ao ano.
Um estudo de caso sobre cultura do Gerenciamento da Segurança Operacional em Operadores Aéreos do Brasil
Authors: Ferronato Francis , Andrade Junior Pedro Paulo de
Published: September 2022

O objetivo desse artigo foi demonstrar a eficácia do Sistema de Gerenciamento da Segurança Operacional (SGSO) da aviação civil brasileira nos procedimentos de operações aéreas; gestão segurança de voo; gestão da qualidade; controle de tráfego aéreo; Oficinas de Manutenção (OM); controle técnico de manutenção aeronáutica (CTM); procedimentos de operações de solo; operadores aéreos; zonas aeroportuárias; treinamento dos profissionais de solo e de voo; legislação aeronáutica brasileira; legislação internacional; Regulamentos Brasileiros de Aviação Civil (RBAC); tratado internacional da Organização Internacional de Aviação Civil (ICAO). Este artigo contribuiu para o entendimento da percepção do SGSO pelos profissionais quanto aos procedimentos de Segurança Operacional em suas atividades laborais diárias. Em termos metodológicos foi utilizada a pesquisa bibliográfica e estudo de caso em múltiplos estados do Brasil, foram aplicados questionários quantitativos e qualitativos utilizando o método das Representações Sociais aos profissionais envolvidos na aviação civil brasileira. Dentre os profissionais que responderam à pesquisa supracitada tem-se: Gestores de Segurança Operacional (GSO); pilotos e copilotos de companhia aérea; instrutores de voo de Centros de Instrução de Aviação Civil (CIAC); pilotos e copilotos de aviação executiva; pilotos de aviação agrícola; pilotos de aviação geral; comissários de companhia aérea; controladores de tráfego aéreo; mecânicos de manutenção aeronáutica das áreas de Grupo Motopropulsor (GMP), Aviônicos (AVI), Célula (CEL); agentes aeroportuários de companhia aérea; Agentes de proteção contra atos de interferência ilícita da aviação civil.  O problema desta pesquisa gira em torno identificação do nível de compreensão de cultura de segurança pelos profissionais da aviação quanto ao “Safety” (Segurança Operacional). Os resultados demonstram discrepâncias na interpretação do que é segurança operacional.
Diagnostic role of platelet indices and leukocyte count in pseudothrombocytopenia
Authors: ERDOĞAN ÖZÜNAL Işıl
Published: September 2022

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate whether platelet indices and leukocyte count predict the diagnosis of Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid induced pseudothrombocytopenia (EDTA-PTCP) and differ this entity from immune thrombocytopenia (ITP).
Methods: One-hundred and sixty-nine individuals (52 patients diagnosed with EDTA-PTCP, 52 patients with newly diagnosed ITP, and 65 healthy individuals) were included. Demographic data and complete blood count (CBC) indices were compared between groups retrospectively.
Results: Age and sex distribution were similar in all groups. Between EDTA-PTCP and ITP groups, no difference was found for absolute leukocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts as well as hemoglobin level, red-cell distribution width (RDW), and platelet distribution width (PDW). The median mean platelet volume (MPV) of the ITP group was found to be higher than the control and EDTA-PTCP groups (p<0.001 and p=0.001, respectively, 95% confidence interval; 2.52-4.45 and 0.56-2.6).

Conclusion: The results support that low platelet count in CBC may be a false result due to EDTA. Thrombocytopenic patients who have no bleeding symptoms and with normal MPV should be evaluated for EDTA-PTCP. This evaluation can be made by a peripheral blood smear or CBC in a blood tube containing other anticoagulants than EDTA (such as citrate or heparin). Therefore the increase in MPV may indicate a diagnosis of ITP rather than EDTA-PTCP. To make a more definite recommendation on this issue, studies involving more patients are needed.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Practice of Pathology: Analysis of Specimen Volumes in the Only Pathology Laboratory in the City
Authors: ALTINDAĞ Sultan Deniz
Published: September 2022

Objective: One of the measures taken against the COVID-19 pandemic has been the postponement of all non-emergency medical procedures and surgeries in pandemic hospitals. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of pandemic measures on the workload of a city's only pathology laboratory.

Materials and Methods: Data on monthly numbers of the histological, cytological samples, immunohistochemistry and histochemistry stainings belonging to the pathology department were obtained from the laboratory information management system. The monthly specimen volumes were compared with the same month of 2019.

Results: The total number of samples received in our laboratory in March, April and May 2020 decreased by 59.1%, 92.1% and 87.6%, respectively, compared to 2019. Overall specimen volume dropped rapidly in March 2020 and bottomed out in April at 7.8% of our volume in 2019. No lung biopsy was received in the first three months of the pandemic. The second and third sections with the highest decrease were cervical cytology and non-gynaecologic cytology samples (90.7%, 87.6% respectively).

Conclusions: It has been observed that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on the pathology laboratory. Postponement of the non-emergency surgeries, which is one of the first measures taken by hospitals in the face of changes in the number of COVID-19 cases, was reflected in daily pathology practice as a serious decrease in the number of samples. Future studies will show the changes in the diagnostic profile caused by the decrease in the number of elective procedures during the pandemic period.
Factors Affecting Platelet Count in Platelet-Rich Plasma
Authors: KARADAĞ SARI Çiğdem
Published: September 2022

Introduction: The amount of platelet count in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is very important for the concentration of growth factors, which play a major role in the effectiveness of PRP.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of demographic and clinical parameters on the number of platelets in PRP.

Materials And Methods: The data of 50 patients who received PRP in our stem cell center were scanned retrospectively in electronic environment. Demographic and clinical parameters (age, gender, body mass index, blood group, comorbidities, hypertension, coronary heart disease and diabetes, alcohol and cigarette usage) of the patients were recorded.

Results: The results of the correlation analysis performed to evaluate whether there was a relationship between age and BMI with regards to platelet count in PRP revealed no statistical significance (p>0.05). Analysis of Mann Whitney-U and Kruskal Wallis-H showed that there was a statistically significant difference in terms of platelet count, gender, presence of hypertension and coronary artery disease (p
Akut Pankreatitli Hastalarda Asit Gelişimi Neden Önemli; Hangi Faktörler Predispozan Rol Oynuyor?
Authors: EBİK Berat
Published: September 2022

Amaç: Akut pankreatitli (AP) hastalarda asit gelişimi üzerinde etkili olan faktörleri araştırmak ve asit gelişen AP’li hastalarda şiddetli pankreatit ve mortalite açısından fark olup olmadığını belirlemek.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Mayıs 2018 ile Kasım 2021 tarihleri arasında AP tanısıyla hastaneye yatırılan 214 hasta asit gelişip, gelişmeme özelliğine göre gruplara ayrıldı. Hastaların klinik ve laboratuvar parametreleri istatistiksel olarak incelenerek predispozan faktörler belirlendi. Asit gelişiminin AP’li hastalarda pankreatitin seyrine olan etkisi, yatış gün sayısı, yoğun bakım ihtiyacı ve mortalite üzerine olan etkisini belirlemek için istatistiksel modeller kullanıldı.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya alınan 214 hastanın 172’sinde (%80,4) asit gelişmez iken 42 hastada (%19,6) AP seyri sırasında asit gelişti. AP’li hastalarda şiddetli pankreatit gelişme oranı asit gelişen (%71,4) ve gelişmeyen (%17,5) hastalar arasında farklılık gösterdi (RR=4,09 p
Kemirgenlerin Primer Somatoduyusal Korteksinde Özel Bir Yapı: Barrel Korteks Gelişimi, Anatomik ve Fonksiyonel Organizasyonu
Authors: ÖZKAN Şüheda
Published: September 2022

Bu derlemenin amacı, kemirgenlerde bıyıklara ait barrel korteks yapısının gelişimi, anatomisi ve fonksiyonel organizasyonuna ait genel bir çerçeve sunmaktır. Duyu sistemleri, doğumdan sonraki ilk aylarda hızlı bir şekilde gelişerek beynin davranışsal bir tepki seçmek için yorumlaması gereken dış çevre hakkında ham bilgi sağlamaktadır. Tüm duyuların arasında özellikle sosyal davranış ve mekânsal öğrenmede önemli olan taktil uyarılar deri üzerinde bulunan farklı somatoduyusal reseptörlerin aktive edilmesi ile etkilerini göstermektedir. Kemirgenlerin burunlarının her iki yanında 5 sıra halinde dizilmiş bıyıklardan elde edilen taktil duyusal sinyaller; nesnelere ve çevreye ait “ne” ve “nerede” bilgilerinin elde edilmesi için kortekste nöral temsiller oluşturmaktadır. Bu duyu sisteminin en çarpıcı alanı, her bir bıyık için 4. katmanda ayrı ve iyi tanımlanmış bir yapı ile temsil edilen primer somatoduyusal “barrel” kortekstir. Her bir bıyık hareketi, kıl folikülünü inerve eden mekanik kapılı iyon kanallarını açarak depolarizasyona neden olmaktadır. Ortaya çıkan depolarizasyon, trigeminal sinirin infraorbital dalının duyu nöronlarında aksiyon potansiyelini tetikleyerek beyin sapında yer alan ilk sinapsta glutamat salınımını uyarır. Beyin sapı nöronları, talamusa duyusal bilgi gönderir; burada ikinci bir glutamaterjik sinaps, birincil somatoduyusal barrel korteksine yansıyan talamokortikal nöronları uyararak bu somatotopik haritanın temelini oluşturan katman 4’e iletim gerçekleşir. Woolsey ve Loos tarafından ilk tanımlanmasından bu yana geçen yarım yüzyıldır, kemirgenlerin primer somatoduyusal korteksinde bıyıklara özgü net topografik organizasyonu sunan barrel korteks sistemi, duyusal işleme, deneyime bağlı plastisite ve davranış arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek için sıklıkla tercih edilen bir model sistem haline gelmiştir.
Редкие заболевания в практике поликлинического оториноларинголога. Некоторые аспекты диагностики
Authors:   Kirov Military medical academy, Saint Petersburg, 194044, Russia, Kiselev A. S. , Vavilova A. A. ,   Nikiforov Russian Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine, EMERCOM of Russia,  Saint Petersburg, 194044, Russia,   Medical company „AVA-PETER", Saint Petersburg, 191014, Russia
Published: September 2022

The article is a review of the diagnostic features of some rare ENT diseases, which the author would like to focus on based on his own clinical experience to help the outpatient otorhinolaryngologist. Among such diseases are neuroma of the VIII cranial nerve and tumors of the nasopharynx. It is emphasized that the first symptoms in the form of hearing loss in these diseases can help guide the doctor’s thoughts in the right direction in order to transfer the patient to a specialized institution in a timely manner. The importance of Weber’s test in the diagnosis of these diseases is noted. So, with neuroma of the VIII nerve, the symptom of N. S. Blagoveshchenskaya (lack of lateralization toward the better ear in case of unilateral hearing loss according to the type of sound perception) makes it possible to suspect an acoustic neuroma. And with a tumor of the nasopharynx, a unilateral hearing loss according to the type of sound conduction, resulting from compression of the auditory tube by the tumor, may be the first symptom of the disease. The article discusses the diagnostic aspects of other rare ENT diseases: destructing adenoma of the nasal septum, granulating external otitis, benign tumors of the sweat glands of the auricle and external auditory canal, lateral branchial cysts of the neck. In addition to the listed diseases, the author, also sharing his own clinical observations, dwells on a rather rare complication of latent sphenoiditis – paresis of the abducens (VI) nerve. Another clinical example devoted to anosmia describes a rare mechanism of its development – traumatic, when falling back and hitting the surface with the back of the head. This mechanism can be explained by the detachment of olfactory fibers in the region of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone, which occurs due to the inertial displacement of the brain structures during a backward fall.Кеyworlds: neuroma, acoustic, early diagnosis, nasopharyngeal tumor, destructive nasal septum adenoma, granulating otitis externa, benign tumors of the auricle, lateral branchial (congenital) cysts of the neck, latent sinusitis, sphenoiditis, optochiasmal arachnoiditis, abducens (VI) nerve, trauma of the ethmoidal labyrinth, anosmia.
Irrigation therapy as basic method for preventing aging of nasal mucosa
Authors:   Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, 197022, Russia, Lavrenova G. V. , Gas’kova P. I. ,   Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, 197022, Russia, Oganyan K. A. ,   Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, 197022, Russia
Published: September 2022

It is known that the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity undergoes regular age-related changes, which can be aggravated by various factors, including occupational hazards, drug-induced rhinitis, etc. In the preservation and maintenance of the structure of the epithelium of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity, irrigation therapy with sea water occupies a special place. Available means of irrigation therapy are intranasal sprays containing a solution of sea water rationalized in composition and osmotic concentration. Washing the nasal cavity, called in many literary sources «nasal douching,» provides an adequate functional state of the mucous membrane of the airways due to the complex composition of trace elements of sea water. This type of therapy is included in the clinical standards for the complex treatment of a diverse range of diseases of the upper respiratory tract, accompanied by various forms of rhinitis or its symptoms, and can be considered as a method of preventing aging of the nasal mucosa. The article discusses and substantiates the prospects for the prevention of aging of the nasal epithelium, the possibility of maintaining an adequate morpho-functional status of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity with sea water solutions.
Impact of covid-19 pandemic on laryngeal morbidity
Authors:   Saint Petersburg Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech, Saint Petersburg, 190013, Russia, Gotovyakhina T. V. , Stepanova Yu. E. ,   Saint Petersburg Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech, Saint Petersburg, 190013, Russia, Koren’ E. E. ,   Saint Petersburg Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech, Saint Petersburg, 190013, Russia
Published: September 2022

Among the symptoms of COVID-19, scientists pay the most attention to damage to the lower respiratory tract, neurological and cardiovascular systems, gastrointestinal tract, psychoemotional disorders and anosmia. Less common are articles about the state of auditory and vestibular as well as voice disorders. Inflammatory changes of the larynx, trauma due to intubation and severe coughing, neuropathy of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, consequences of the pathology of the bronchopulmonary system, psychogenic factors are indicated as the cause of dysphonia. The purpose of our study is to determine the structure of laryngeal morbidity in voice professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis of case histories of 2,438 patients of voice professions who applied to the phoniatric department of the Saint Petersburg Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose, and Speech was performed. The diagnosis, a history of COVID-19, dysphonia directly during COVID-19 were considered. The number of patients compared to the period before the COVID-19 decreased by 39,8% due to anti-epidemic measures. The leading causes were functional dysphonia (29,3%), acute and chronic laryngitis (27,8%). Tumor-like disease are in third place (19,1%). Paresis of the larynx (8,5%) was diagnosed less frequently compared to the period before the pandemic, which is associated with a reduction in the number of elective operations on the organs of the head and neck. The frequency of laryngeal neoplasms (4,1%) has remained at the same level, almost half of them are malignant. Congenital malformations of the larynx were found in 2,9% of patients. Vascular pathology of the vocal folds was detected in 1.1%, scar stenosis, in 0,5%, rare diseases of the larynx, in 0,6% of patients. Appeals on the other occasions accounted for 6,1% of cases. 43,7% of patient have had COVID-19. The direct connection of dysphonia with COVID-19 was revealed in 18,0% of them. The most common cause of impaired vocal function against the background of coronavirus infection were functional dysphonia (39,1%) and inflammatory diseases of the larynx (34,9%). Tumor-like disease became the next most common (17,2%). Vascular pathology of the vocal folds was found less frequently (5,2%). Unilateral vocal fold paresis was detected in 3,1% of patients. One patient suffered from chondroperichondritis with granuloma formation in the area of the arytenoid cartilage of the larynx (0,5%). In relation to the total number of examined patients, COVID-19 as the cause of dysphonia was 7,9% of cases.
Clinical laboratory and pathological features of appendix inflammation in patients with chronic tonsillitis
Authors:   Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University ,  Voronezh, 394036, Russia, Mashkova T. A. , Sorokina M. S. ,   Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University ,  Voronezh, 394036, Russia,   Kruglaya Scientific and Clinical Multidisciplinary Center for Medical Care for Mothers and Children, Orel, 302028, Russia, Mal’tsev A. B. ,   Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University ,  Voronezh, 394036, Russia
Published: September 2022

Two inflammatory processes occurring in parallel in the lymphoid apparatus of the pharynx and abdominal cavity have long attracted the attention of specialists in various fields. The relationship of these processes, according to many researchers, is due to the topographic and anatomical unity of the pharynx and abdominal organs. The question of the influence of the pathology of the palatine tonsils on the development of acute appendicitis remains little studied. There are no clear diagnostic criteria to determine the mechanisms of interaction between various parts of humoral immunity in the formation of associated diseases of the lymphoid apparatus of the pharynx and abdominal cavity. The percentage of unjustified appendectomies with catarrhal inflammation of the appendix in patients with chronic tonsillitis remains high, while destructive forms of inflammation in this group of patients are practically not observed. The article presents an analysis of the clinical-endoscopic and clinical-morphological data obtained during the study of postoperative material of 62 patients aged 18 years who were operated on for acute appendicitis at the Kruglaya Research and Clinical Multidisciplinary Center for Medical Care for Mothers and Children in Orel. It was found that patients suffering from chronic tonsillitis had catarrhal changes characteristic of reactive inflammation of the appendix, while in the absence of tonsillar pathology inflammation of the appendix tends to turn into destructive forms.
Determination of early connection in cochlear implant patients
Authors:   Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech, Saint Petersburg, 190013, Russia, Shaporova A. V. , Klyachko D. S. ,   Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech, Saint Petersburg, 190013, Russia, Preobrazhenskaya Yu. S. ,   Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech, Saint Petersburg, 190013, Russia, Kuzovkov V. E. ,   Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech, Saint Petersburg, 190013, Russia, Sugarova S. B. ,   Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech, Saint Petersburg, 190013, Russia, Shcherbakova Ya. L. ,   Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech, Saint Petersburg, 190013, Russia
Published: September 2022

Hearing loss affects the entire course of a child’s development, especially if it occurred at an early age. At the same time, features of auditory, cognitive, and emotional-personal development are noted. Hearing loss limits social activity, communication, and psychoemotional comfort. The widespread spread of the disease presents a serious problem for public health. In the context of the spread of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19, the epidemiological picture in different regions and within them may change; in this regard, there are certain difficulties with hospitalization of patients, which are associated with an increased risk of morbidity and the collection of all the necessary analyses. To solve this problem, an early connection is used without patients being discharged from the hospital after surgery. Cochlear implantation followed by early intensive rehabilitation can allow patients to master speech, language, and social skills as soon as possible, which can be successfully used during a critical period when children master speech. The purpose of this article is to identify and compare the perceived advantages of early connection of the cochlear implantation system processor: early start of settings, allowing the child to have physical hearing, on the basis of which spontaneous oral speech will form naturally.
A tale of two Eberts: Videogames and the arbitrariness of meaning
Authors: Kaczmarski Paweł
Published: September 2022

The article revisits and examines in detail the so-called Ebert debate: an exchange of polemic voices between Roger Ebert, his opponents and supporters, on the issue of the relationship – both actual and potential – between games and works of art. Initiated by Ebert’s famous remarks that games can never be art, the debate offers a variety of views on the nature of art, the role of experience in art and games, the possibility of artistic expression in games, and the autonomy of art. The main point of the article is not so much to compare these views as to explain the contradiction at the heart of Ebert’s own argument: the critic seems to be constantly torn between the idea that games cannot be art in principle and the more practical view that it is impossible to know for certain that no games will ever become art. This contradiction seems to stem directly from Ebert’s inconsistent views as to the source of meaning in games, and it allows us to shed new light both on the nature of games as a medium, and on fundamental issues with contemporary games studies/criticism.
The change of mean platelet volume and mean platelet volume to platelet count ratio one year after iniation of peritoneal dialysis
Authors: CELTİK Aygul , ALATAS Zalal , YİLMAZ Mumtaz , SEZİS-DEMİRCİ Meltem , ASCİ Gulay , OZKAHYA Mehmet , OK Ercan
Published: September 2022

Aim: Cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of mortality in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Thrombocyte indices which are indicators of platelet activation are predictors of cardiovascular events. We aim to examine the change in platelet count, mean platelet volume, and mean platelet volume to platelet count ratio one year after initiation of peritoneal dialysis in patients with end-stage renal disease. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 28 patients. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients at the time of initiation of peritoneal dialysis were recorded from the patient files. Laboratory data within the last month before the initiation of peritoneal dialysis and in the first year were recorded from the patient files. The mean platelet volume to platelet count ratio was calculated as mean platelet volume (femtolitres) divided by platelet count (number of thousand platelets/microliter). Results: The mean age was 51.1 ± 14.6 years, and 42.8% of the patients were male. Diabetic nephropathy and hypertensive nephropathy were the most common causes of end-stage renal disease. One year after the initiation of peritoneal dialysis, the urea level decreased significantly, and C-reactive protein level increased significantly. Platelet count increased from 240 ± 55 x10 3 /μL to 274 ± 53 x10 3 /μL (p=0.003) and mean platelet volume decreased from 10.7 ± 1.0 fl to 10.2 ± 0.8 fl (p
On the Problems of Modern Education. I. On the Concept of Contemporary Science Education
Authors:   Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics (IRE) of Russian Academy of Science, Kuznetsov Nikolay A. , Zholkov (Jolkov) Sergei Yu. ,   National University of Oil and Gas “Gubkin University”
Published: September 2022

The article formulates the fundamental principles and the concept of modern scientific education in general. It is emphasized that only after formulating the goals of education in full it is possible to proceed to the discussion of various technical proposals on the methods of teaching, which are the vast majority of discussions. The article proposes and analyzes a systematic approach that combines various disciplines of secondary and higher education with a unified goal and structure. It is emphasized that a mandatory facet of the educational process, in addition to the student and the teacher, is the state, since a significant part of education is funded by the civil society, and as an investor it has the right to take care of his interests and investment results. Properly structured education is an important factor in the success of public administration (regardless of who is currently in power), and moreover, a factor in the strategic security of the country, the prosperity of descendants and even the survival of the civil nation as a whole. The most important task of education, according to the authors, is to give students the practice of critical analysis in the process of solving real practical problems and making the right life decisions (to the best of a student's abilities). And such a structuring of educational processes is possible! The knowledge (and disciplines) required to achieve the stated goals is analyzed. The features of teaching are discussed: informatics and natural sciences; mathematics and scientific thinking in general; history and culture in general. The ultimate goals of education are defined and analyzed. The second article will be devoted to the technologies of contemporary science education.
Actual Problems of Implementation of State Policy in the Field of Education in Municipalities of the Russian Federation
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Kolesnikova Ksenia I. , Antonova Oksana I.
Published: September 2022

The article is devoted to the current state of implementation of state policy in the field of education in the territories of Russian municipalities. A special place in the article is given to the delimitation of powers in the field of education between state authorities and local self-government bodies. The article presents current data on the implementation of the National Project “Education” in the territories of municipalities and highlights the actual problems of the activities of local governments involved in the implementation of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the education.
Critical Thinking in Education: The Question of the Method of Knowledge Translation
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, Sukhanova Natalya P.
Published: September 2022

The study of critical thinking is carried out through the prism of the program “Logic and Critical Thinking”. The search for methodological foundations of modern pedagogy is undertaken through an appeal to the tradition of postmodernism. Among the postmodern ideas, the idea of “experience” stands out in all its diversity, which takes place in the learning process. The variability of experience authorizes the rejection of intellectual pressure and the possibility of methodological pluralism in the choice of teaching methods and approaches. Anti-pedagogy, postmodernly oriented in its theory and practice on the principles of “experiential learning”, contains grounds for the development of a problem-oriented method, considered as a trigger mechanism in the cognitive process aimed at the formation of critical thinking skills. The effective practice of implementing the problem approach in the development of intellectual, linguistic, logical dispositions of the personality of students and their transformation into a research community is shown. The conclusion is made about the priority of the problem-oriented method in teaching the art of thinking critically.
Formation of professional culture of university students
Authors:   North-West State Medical University n.a. I.I. Mechnikov, Gelman Viktor Ya.
Published: September 2022

The presence of a professional culture is an essential quality of a well-trained specialist, a professional. The article investigates the ways of forming a professional culture among university students. The features of vocational training at the university are considered. It is noted that education is not limited to mastering narrowly professional knowledge and skills. It is shown that the methods of forming a professional culture in a modern university are carried out by a combination of education and training. Moreover, education plays a leading role. These methods are complex in nature, with the presence of both educational and extracurricular forms of educational work. The methods of professional education include specific and non-specific methods, as well as the purposeful allocation by each teacher of individual educational components of professional culture. At the same time, the university is an educational system that provides professional training and the formation of the personality of students, where the education itself at the university and each teacher are elements of the environment for educating professional culture. Formed as a result of studying at a university, the professional culture of a modern specialist is manifested in the ability to comply with professional rules, norms and traditions established by the professional community, combined with a positive attitude towards the chosen profession, understanding the social mission of their profession and awareness of responsibility for making professional decisions.
Axiological approach to the problem of professional training of teachers
Authors:   Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University named after K.D. Ushinsky, Ledovskaya Tatyana V.
Published: September 2022

The article notes that in order to develop the concept of continuing pedagogical education, the formation of value orientations, realized through the application of the idea of consistency and continuity, is fundamental. The axiological basics of designing a system for advanced training of teachers are disclosed. In accordance with this, the purpose of the study was formulated: to determine the value-meaning foundations of the work of existing teachers. The results of the study of the specifics of value and meaning expectations from the teaching profession are presented. Two categories of values have been identified: relevant (value of self-development, cooperation, love for children, knowledge of the subject, devotion to the profession) and scarce (feeling of lack of respect from the administration and parents, low wages, a large number of reports, lack of time). The teachers found a tendency to replace real values with declared ones: declaring the rather high importance of values associated with the child, the ability to interact with parents, teachers do not attach importance to the respect of students, their motivation and the organization of independent activities of students. Comparative analysis helped to obtain an updated list of benchmarks that can be considered as the basis for determining indicators of universal pedagogical competencies at the level of additional vocational education and creating a value-meaning model of the teacher development system.
Digital Competence of a Teacher as Mean of Managing the Educational Process in Higher School
Authors:   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod (Arzamas Branch), Zhestkova Elena A. , Klyueva Elena V. , Fomina Natalia I. , Filippova Lyudmila V.
Published: September 2022

The era of the digital revolution is characterized by a fundamental transformation of the economy and society. Digitalization, acting as a trend in the development of the entire education system, has not bypassed the practice of university management, which, in the face of modern challenges, is forced to search for resources and ways to improve the quality of education of a university and its competitiveness. The Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education and the professional standard of the teacher declare that the driver of the transformation of managerial actions is the transition from traditional to innovative approaches associated with the digitalization of the educational environment. The use of digital technologies in the training of future teachers acquires a personal meaning for each teacher, and competence in this area becomes an important condition for optimizing the performance of his managerial functions: planning, organization and control. Despite the existing scientific work on the management of the educational process in higher education and the digital competence of the teacher, their analysis indicates the lack of proper justification and characteristics of the system of connections of these significant components in the professional activities of teachers. The study of the effectiveness of the model for increasing the digital competence of university teachers was the purpose of the study on the basis of the Arzamas branch of the National Research Nizhny Novgorod State University named after N.I. Lobachevsky. The experiment was carried out from 2020 to 2021, the total number of participants was 282. Approbation of the model included: participation of the teachers of the experimental group, both in digital competence improvement programs offered by other universities, and in those implemented by the university itself; mastering digital technologies in close cooperation with mentors involved in corporate training. The effectiveness of the experimental model was assessed based on the results of monitoring the levels of digital competence of teachers.
Comparative Analysis of the Features of Teaching Financial Literacy in Rural and Urban Schools of the Lipetsk Region
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Linchenko Andrey A. , Korneva Zhanna V. ,   GAUDPO LO “Institute for the Development of Education”, Trutenko Elena V.
Published: September 2022

The article is based on the results of the monitoring of educational organizations of the Lipetsk region on teaching the basics of financial literacy, conducted in the fall of 2021. It was concluded that there is a contradictory situation in the framework of teaching financial literacy in rural and urban schools of the region. On the one hand, both in rural and urban schools of the region, there is an active process of including a course on financial literacy in the educational practices of schools (advanced training, retraining, inclusion of modules). On the other hand, the monitoring revealed a lack of hours for teaching financial literacy both at the level of rural and urban schools. Educational activities to improve financial literacy are actively implemented primarily in the segments of educational (urban schools) and extracurricular (rural schools) activities, remaining in most organizations outside of elective courses. The results of the study indicate a low level of the number of students participating in competitions and competitions to improve financial literacy. The idea was substantiated that the effectiveness of the further implementation of the course in rural schools requires an increase in the level of information about current events, while in urban schools it is necessary to increase short-term training courses and conduct more educational and cultural events.
Axiological Aspects of Ethno-Cultural Education of Students in the Educational Process of the University
Authors:   Petrozavodsk State University, Institute of Pedagogy and Psychology, Ptitsyna Elena V.
Published: September 2022

The development of society is inextricably linked with its past, traditions, way of life, therefore, today, one of the important tasks of education is the upbringing of a spiritually and morally developed personality with a formed civic position, ready to understand and realize traditional Russian values. Currently, the unique, original and rich traditions of national cultures are gradually being forgotten, as a result of which the student youth pays little attention to the peculiarities of their people, which threatens to lose their national identity. The education system should take into account the experience of folk pedagogy, rely on the culture and national traditions of the region, promote their revival and restoration. The purpose of the article: to reveal the axiological components of ethno-cultural education in the professional training of students in the direction of “Pedagogical education (with two training profiles)”. Ethno-cultural education involves introducing students to the ethno-cultural heritage of the traditions of their native land and the peoples of the world. The author presents and substantiates the model of ethno-cultural education of students — future teachers. The ethnocultural education of the future teacher based on folk traditions and folk arts and crafts is considered by the author as a factor in preserving cultural identity, ethnic mentality, national values of the people.
Virtual Communities as New Actors of Social Reality
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Zimova Natalya S. , Fomin Egor V. , Polyantseva Elizaveta D.
Published: September 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of the phenomenon of virtual communities that arise in social networks, today more and more often go beyond their boundaries, having a significant impact on social reality. Based on the classical sociological theories of small groups by Ch. Cooley and F. Tennis, as well as new approaches to the study of network communities by G. Reingold, N. Baym, B. Wellman, the authors explicate the very concept of a virtual community, reveal a relationship with real communities, and propose a typology modern virtual communities. Depending on the degree of influence on social reality, the authors propose to single out explicit-real (latent-virtual); exclusively virtual; explicit-virtual (latent-real) virtual communities. Using the case method, the article discusses examples of the activities of virtual communities of the third type: the community of the financial network r/wallstreetbets on the Reddit platform and the community of the founder of the “Men’s State” V. Pozdnyakov§ in Telegram. Specific examples demonstrate the mechanisms of influencing social reality through such tools as speeches, flash mobs, spam attacks, and Internet promotions. As a result, the authors note the need for a multidimensional analysis of virtual communities by government agencies, business representatives, research centers in order to study them and develop mechanisms for an adequate response to possible challenges.
Peculiarities of Socio-Cultural Adaptation of Mongolian Students in Novosibirsk Higher Education Institutions
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy and Law SB RAS, Ushakov Dmitrii V.
Published: September 2022

Social and cultural adaptation of foreign citizens, their integration into Russian society today is one of the most important goals of the state national policy of the Russian Federation. A separate task is facing Russian universities to gradually adapt Mongolian students to the socio-cultural characteristics of life and higher education in Russia. On the basis of many years of observations and practices, the socio-cultural features of the adaptation of Mongolian students studying in different universities in Novosibirsk are described. The article presents the results of the analysis of documents and data of a sociological survey of students. It is concluded that, despite the positive results of the adaptation of Mongolian students, there are also certain barriers, for the removal of which there are various resources, both from universities and public organizations of the city. Broadcasting the experience of successful socio-cultural adaptation is designed to enhance the positive image abroad of domestic education and Russia as a whole.
The Role of Teaching History in the Shaping of National Identity in the United States
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Smagar Anton V.
Published: September 2022

The article is devoted to the structural and functional analysis of the role of school history education in the process of national self-identification of citizens in the United States. To achieve this goal, specific research tasks were performed in the article. First, the structural elements (subject, goal, object, means) of the educational process aimed at the reproduction of national identity in the United States through historical discipline are identified. Secondly, the American compulsory education system K-12 is briefly described, which acts as a subject in the process of constructing unified historical knowledge, as well as national identity among students. Thirdly, the place and content of national history as a school discipline in the K-12 system (in primary and secondary schools) among other compulsory disciplines of “social studies” (Social Studies) is determined. Fourthly, a model of three-level national self-identification of students has been formed, where the teaching of history plays a key role. The process of identification is considered here as one of the social functions of school history education. Fifth, the current trends and problems associated with the criticism of the nationally oriented history teaching curriculum and the emergence of new revisionist historical perspectives in American schools, aimed at viewing the past through the prism of historical injustice, are outlined.
Uso e Interpretação do Desenho Infantil na Prática Clínica
Authors: Da Silva Mendes Sandra , Calejo Jorge Joana , Ribeiro Maria do Céu , Tomás Edite , Temudo Teresa
Published: September 2022

N/a.
Graus de afastamento temporal em Pano
Authors: Valenzuela Pilar , Oliveira Sanderson Castro Soares de
Published: September 2022

Além de simplesmente indicar o futuro ou o passado, as línguas da família Pano distinguem gramaticalmente vários graus de distância temporal em relação a um ponto de referência, tipicamente o momento do enunciado; isto é, eles possuem o que tem sido chamado de 'tempo métrico' (Chung & Timberlake 1985; Frawley 1992), ‘graus de distanciamento temporal’ (Comrie 1985; Dahl 1985; Bybee et al. 1994; Botne 2012), ou 'gradação temporal' (Cabo 2013). Este artigo oferece uma análise comparativa dos ricos sistemas de gradação temporal encontrados em Pano, concentrando-se em categorias expressas morfologicamente. Com isso, busca-se expandir nosso conhecimento tipológico das línguas que apresentam essa característica, principalmente no que diz respeito à organização interna dos sistemas, às interações entre os marcadores de gradações temporais e outras categorias gramaticais (aspecto, modalidade, evidencialidade, negação e número), e as prováveis fontes dos marcadores de gradação temporal. Apesar de ser um dos maiores agrupamentos genéticos com elaborados sistemas de gradação temporal, as línguas Pano não têm recebido (muita) atenção nos tratamentos interlinguísticos desse recurso.