bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dawn‐Dusk Confinement of Magnetic Reconnection Site in the Near‐Earth Magnetotail and Its Implication for Dipolarization and Substorm Current System
Authors: Nagai Tsugunobu , Shinohara Iku
Published: November 2021

The dawn‐dusk confinement of magnetic reconnection site in the near‐Earth magnetotail is established on the basis of Geotail observations. Geotail has made more than 50 encounters with magnetic reconnection in association with the onset of substorms in the near‐Earth magnetotail at radial distances of 20–30 RE in the period of 1994–2019. Ground magnetic field observations are examined for these events, and geosynchronous spacecraft observations are investigated for a limited number of cases. The magnetic reconnection site is located in the upward (from the ionosphere to the tail) field‐aligned current part of large‐scale substorm current system derived from ground midlatitude magnetic variations. The site is confined to the localized dawn‐dusk extent of the 1‐hr local time, just west of the center of the large‐scale substorm current system. The short dawn‐dusk length of the X‐line implies that magnetic reconnection inherently proceeds as the two‐dimensional dynamics in the magnetotail meridional plane. Rapid dipolarization with upward field‐aligned currents occurs at geosynchronous altitude near the meridian of the magnetic reconnection site. This study demonstrates that rapid dipolarization in the inner magnetosphere is produced with earthward outflows from magnetic reconnection and that intense upward field‐aligned currents are a direct consequence of magnetic reconnection.
Exploration of Data Space Through Trans‐Dimensional Sampling: A Case Study of 4D Seismics
Authors: Piana Agostinetti Nicola , Kotsi Maria , Malcolm Alison
Published: November 2021

We present a novel methodology for exploring 4D seismic data in the context of monitoring subsurface resources. Data‐space exploration is a key activity in scientific research, but it has long been overlooked in favor of model‐space investigations. Our methodology performs a data‐space exploration that aims to define structures in the covariance matrix of the observational errors. It is based on Bayesian inferences, where the posterior probability distribution is reconstructed through trans‐dimensional (trans‐D) Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling. The trans‐D approach applied to data‐structures (termed ”partitions”) of the covariance matrix allows the number of partitions to freely vary in a fixed range during the McMC sampling. Due to the trans‐D approach, our methodology retrieves data‐structures that are fully data‐driven and not imposed by the user. We applied our methodology to 4D seismic data, generally used to extract information about the variations in the subsurface. In our study, we make use of real data that we collected in the laboratory, which allows us to simulate different acquisition geometries and different reservoir conditions. Our approach is able to define and discriminate different sources of noise in 4D seismic data, enabling a data‐driven evaluation of the quality (so‐called “repeatability”) of the 4D seismic survey. We find that: (a) trans‐D sampling can be effective in defining data‐driven data‐space structures; (b) our methodology can be used to discriminate between different families of data‐structures created from different noise sources. Coupling our methodology to standard model‐space investigations, we can validate physical hypothesis on the monitored geo‐resources.
Interannual Variation of Modified Circumpolar Deep Water in the Dotson‐Getz Trough, West Antarctica
Authors: Kim Tae‐Wan , Yang Hee Won , Dutrieux Pierre , Wåhlin Anna K. , Jenkins Adrian , Kim Yeong Gi , Ha Ho Kyung , Kim Chang‐Sin , Cho Kyoung‐Ho , Park Taewook , Park Jisoo , Lee SangHoon , Cho Yang‐Ki
Published: November 2021

Widespread ice shelf thinning has been recorded in the Amundsen Sea in recent decades, driven by basal melting and intrusions of relatively warm Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) onto the continental shelf. The Dotson Ice Shelf (DIS) is located to the south of the Amundsen Sea polynya, and has a high basal melting rate because modified CDW (mCDW) fills the Dotson‐Getz Trough (DGT) and reaches the base of the ice shelf. Here, hydrographic data in the DGT obtained during seven oceanographic surveys from 2007 to 2018 were used to study the interannual variation in mCDW volume and properties and their causes. Although mCDW volume showed relatively weak interannual variations at the continental shelf break, these variations intensified southward and reached a maximum in front of the DIS. There, the mCDW volume was ∼8,000 km3 in 2007, rapidly decreased to 4,700 km3 in 2014 before rebounding to 7,300 km3 in 2018. We find that such interannual variability is coherent with local Ekman pumping integrated along the DGT modulated by the presence of sea ice, and complementing earlier theories involving shelf break winds only. The interannual variability in strength of the dominant south‐southeast coastal wind modulates the amplitude of Ekman upwelling along the eastern boundary of the Amundsen Sea polynya during the austral summers of the surveyed years, apparently leading to change in the volume of mCDW along the DGT. We note a strong correlation between the wind variability and the longitudinal location of the Amundsen Sea Low.
Seasonal Hydrography of Ameralik: A Southwest Greenland Fjord Impacted by a Land‐Terminating Glacier
Authors: Stuart‐Lee A. E. , Mortensen J. , Kaaden A.‐S. van der , Meire L.
Published: November 2021

Greenland's coastal zone encompasses a large number of fjords, many of which are impacted by glacial meltwater runoff from land‐terminating glaciers. This type of fjord has received limited research attention, yet may represent the future of other fjords currently impacted by marine‐terminating glaciers that are retreating. In this study we describe the seasonal hydrography of Ameralik, a fjord on the southwest coast of Greenland impacted by a land‐terminating glacier. To complement this analysis we compare our results with observations from the neighbouring Godthåbsfjord, which receives meltwater from both land‐ and marine‐terminating glaciers. We find that the absence of subglacial discharge and glacial ice in Ameralik has a strong impact on the inner fjord density profiles and on circulation. The mean temperature of the upper 50 m layer was lower in Ameralik than Godthåbsfjord in May, but by September was 2°C higher in Ameralik. Dense coastal inflows occur in the late winter months in Ameralik, flushing the fjord and contributing to the return to a weakly stratified state. During the runoff period the surface waters are subject to estuarine circulation and wind forcing, while at intermediate depths a density gradient between the inner and outer fjord regions produces an intermediate baroclinic circulation, resulting in the exchange of water in this layer and the deepening of isopycnals. During summer a large fraction of the meltwater runoff is retained within the fjord rather than being exported. A substantial export of this summer accumulated freshwater occurs in connection with coastal inflows during winter.
The Evolution of a Northward‐Propagating Buoyant Coastal Plume After a Wind Relaxation Event
Authors: McSweeney Jacqueline M. , Fewings Melanie R. , Lerczak James A. , Barth John A.
Published: November 2021

After a relaxation of the regional southward, upwelling‐favorable winds along the central California coast, warm water from the Santa Barbara Channel propagates northward as a buoyant plume. As the plume transits up the coast, it causes abrupt temperature changes and modifies shelf stratification. We use temperature and velocity data from 35 moorings north of Pt. Arguello to track the evolution of a buoyant plume after a wind relaxation event in October 2017. The moorings were deployed September–October 2017 and span a ∼30 km stretch of coastline, including nine cross‐shelf transects that range from 17 to 100 m water depth. The high spatial resolution of the data set enables us to track the spatiotemporal evolution of the plume, including across‐front temperature difference, cross‐shore structure, and propagation velocity. We observe an alongshore current velocity signal that takes ∼10 hr to propagate ∼25 km alongshore (∼0.7 m/s) and a temperature signal that takes ∼34 hr to propagate the same distance (∼0.2 m/s). The plume cools as it transits northward, leading to a decrease in the cross‐front temperature difference and the reduced gravity (g’). The plume’s propagation velocity is nonuniform in space and time, with accelerations and decelerations unexplained by the alongshore reduction in g’ or advection by tidal currents. As the plume reaches the northernmost part of the mooring array, its temperature variability is obscured by internal waves, a prominent feature in the region. We focus on one relaxation event but observe five other similar events over the 2 months record.
Modification and Comparison of Thermal and Hydrological Parameterization Schemes for Different Underlying Surfaces on the Tibetan Plateau in the Warm Season
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Ma Yaoming , Zuo Hongchao , Yang Chenyi , Yuan Ling , Chen Jinlei
Published: November 2021

In this paper, three parameterization schemes, one considering gravel influence (test1), one considering organic carbon influence (test2), and one comprehensively considering gravel and organic carbon influence (test3), were set up to modify different typical underlying surfaces of the Tibetan Plateau (TP). In addition, their soil thermal properties and hydraulic property variations were discussed. Additionally, discussing the key thermal and hydraulic parameters affected the performance of different schemes from the perspective of observation data in the TP to improve the simulation ability of soil temperature and soil moisture in the plateau areas. Compared the original Community Land Model (CLM) scheme, test1 resulted in higher soil temperature and lower soil moisture, while test2 had lower soil temperature and higher soil moisture. The key thermal and hydraulic parameters are the changes in the saturated thermal conductivity and the thermal conductivity of dry soil and the variations of the porosity and exponent B, respectively. The test3 scheme was the same as test2 for the modified changes of thermal properties, except that the proportion of change was slightly different. In terms of soil thermal properties, test2 and test3 were better at 0–20 cm depth, while test1 and test3 were better for the deeper (40 cm) simulation. Regarding hydraulic properties, the test1 and test3 schemes performed better on the Gobi and alpine meadows at 20–40 cm depth, while the original CLM scheme and test2 performed better on the underlying grassland surface. Test3 was better at balancing the relationship between the thermal and hydraulic parameters and could be used for the further research on the entire plateau area.
Spectral Analysis of Individual Terrestrial Gamma‐Ray Flashes Detected by ASIM
Authors: Lindanger A. , Marisaldi M. , Sarria D. , Østgaard N. , Lehtinen N. , Skeie C. A. , Mezentzev A. , Kochkin P. , Ullaland K. , Yang S. , Genov G. , Carlson B. E. , Köhn C. , Navarro‐Gonzalez J. , Connell P. , Reglero V. , Neubert T.
Published: November 2021

The Atmosphere‐Space Interactions Monitor (ASIM) is the first instrument in space specifically designed to observe terrestrial gamma‐ray flashes (TGFs). TGFs are high energy photons associated with lightning flashes and we perform the spectral analysis of 17 TGFs detected by ASIM. The TGF sample is carefully selected by rigorous selection criteria to keep a clean sample suitable for spectral analysis, that is, suitable count statistics, low instrumental effects, and reliable source location. Monte Carlo modeling of individual TGFs has been compared to the observed energy spectra to study the possible source altitudes and beaming geometries. A careful model of the instrumental effects has been developed and validated. Several combinations of source altitudes and beaming geometries are accepted by the statistical tests for all the TGFs in the sample resulting in a large uncertainty in the estimate of the intrinsic source luminosity. The analyzed TGFs show significant variations in observed fluence independent of the distance between source and ASIM. A lower limit on the maximum photon energy produced by TGFs is estimated to be 24 MeV for the analyzed TGFs. The intrinsic limitations of TGF spectral analysis from space are also investigated and it is found that the ability to constrain the source altitude and beaming geometries of TGFs strongly depends on the distance between source and satellite. With the current generation of instruments with effective areas in the range of few hundreds cm2, it is very difficult to constrain reliably the source properties without the help of simultaneous measurements in the radio band.
Widespread Megaripple Activity Across the North Polar Ergs of Mars
Authors: Chojnacki Matthew , Vaz David A. , Silvestro Simone , Silva David C. A.
Published: November 2021

The most expansive dune fields on Mars surround the northern polar cap where various aeolian bedform classes are modified by wind and ice. The morphology and dynamics of these ripples, intermediate‐scale bedforms (termed megaripples and Transverse Aeolian Ridges [TARs]), and sand dunes reflect information regarding regional boundary conditions. We found that populations of polar megaripples and larger TARs are distinct in terms of their morphology, spatial distribution, and mobility. Whereas regionally restricted TARs appeared degraded and static in long‐baseline observations, polar megaripples were not only widespread but migrating at relatively high rates (0.13 ± 0.03 m/Earth year) and possibly more active than other regions on Mars. This high level of activity is somewhat surprising since there is limited seasonality for aeolian transport due to surficial frost and ice during the latter half of the martian year. A comprehensive analysis of an Olympia Cavi dune field estimated that the advancement of megaripples, ripples, and dunes avalanches accounted for ∼1%, ∼10%, and ∼100%, respectively, of the total aeolian system's sand fluxes. This included dark‐toned ripples that migrated the average equivalent of 9.6 ± 6 m/yr over just 22 days in northern summer—unprecedented rates for Mars. While bedform transport rates are some of the highest yet reported on Mars, the sand flux contribution between the different bedforms does not substantially vary from equatorial sites with lower rates. Seasonal off‐cap sublimation winds and summer‐time polar storms are attributed as the cause for the elevated activity, rather than cryospheric processes.
Annual Tropical‐Rainforest Productivity Through Two Decades: Complex Responses to Climatic Factors, [CO2] and Storm Damage
Authors: Clark Deborah A. , Clark David B. , Oberbauer Steven F.
Published: November 2021

Yearly changes in tropical carbon‐cycling have been a major biotic determinant of the interannual variation in the rise of atmospheric carbon dioxide ([CO2]). The environmental responses underlying these changes remain poorly understood. A 21‐year field study (1997–2018) in a Costa Rican rainforest has produced the first multi‐decade record of landscape‐scale annual aboveground productivity for a tropical ecosystem. While none of the four production components (wood production; leaf‐, twig‐, and reproductive litterfall) increased over two decades, all significantly varied among years. Multi‐factor environmental models explained a large fraction of the inter‐year changes in two production components. Annual changes in three climatic factors and [CO2] jointly accounted for 84% of the variation in annual wood production. While the strongest response of wood production was to decline in years of slightly warmer nights, it also significantly declined in years with more dry‐season hours hotter than 28°C. The yearly changes in reproductive litterfall were largely (52%) determined by the combined effects of increasing [CO2] and declining annual radiation. Twig litterfall declined over the 21 years. Annual leaf litterfall, the largest component of field‐assessed aboveground production, showed no significant environmental responses. An extreme storm in the study's final year disrupted the environmental controls on production that prevailed through the prior 20 years. While important uncertainties are introduced by some of the field methods for assessing aboveground forest production, the findings of this first long‐term field study of annual landscape‐scale productivity raise deep concerns for the future of tropical forests as global warming proceeds.
MHD‐Test Particles Simulations of Moderate CME and CIR‐Driven Geomagnetic Storms at Solar Minimum
Authors: Hudson Mary K. , Elkington Scot R. , Li Zhao , Patel Maulik , Pham Kevin , Sorathia Kareem , Boyd Alex , Jaynes Allison , Leali Alexis
Published: November 2021

As part of the Whole Heliosphere and Planetary Interactions initiative, contrasting drivers of radiation belt electron response at solar minimum have been investigated with MHD‐test particle simulations for the May 13–14, 2019 Coronal Mass Ejection (CME)‐shock event and the August 30–September 3, 2019 high speed solar wind interval. Both solar wind drivers produced moderate geomagnetic storms characterized by a minimum Dst = −65 nT and −52 nT, respectively, with the August ‐ September event accompanied by prolonged substorm activity. The latter, with characteristic features of a Corotating Interaction Region (CIR)‐driven storm, produced the hardest relativistic electron spectrum observed by Van Allen Probes during the last two years of the mission, ending in October 2019. MHD simulations were performed using both the Lyon‐Fedder‐Mobarry global MHD code and recently developed GAMERA model coupled to the Rice Convection Model, run with measured L1 solar wind input for both events studied, and coupled with test particle simulations, including an initial trapped and injected population. Initial electron Phase Space Density (PSD) profiles used measurements from the Relativistic Electron Proton Telescope and MagEIS energetic particle instruments on Van Allen Probes for test particle weighting and updating of the injected population at apogee. Results were compared directly with measurements and found to reproduce magnetopause loss for the CME‐shock event and increased PSD for the CIR event. The two classes of events are contrasted for their impact on outer zone relativistic electrons near the end of Solar Cycle 24.
Epigenome-wide association study of alcohol use disorder in five brain regions
Authors: Zillich Lea , Frank Josef , Streit Fabian , Friske Marion M. , Foo Jerome C. , Sirignano Lea , Heilmann-Heimbach Stefanie , Dukal Helene , Degenhardt Franziska , Hoffmann Per , Hansson Anita C. , Nöthen Markus M. , Rietschel Marcella , Spanagel Rainer , Witt Stephanie H.
Published: November 2021

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is closely linked to the brain regions forming the neurocircuitry of addiction. Postmortem human brain tissue enables the direct study of the molecular pathomechanisms of AUD. This study aims to identify these mechanisms by examining differential DNA-methylation between cases with severe AUD (n = 53) and controls (n = 58) using a brain-region-specific approach, in which sample sizes ranged between 46 and 94. Samples of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), Brodmann Area 9 (BA9), caudate nucleus (CN), ventral striatum (VS), and putamen (PUT) were investigated. DNA-methylation levels were determined using the Illumina HumanMethylationEPIC Beadchip. Epigenome-wide association analyses were carried out to identify differentially methylated CpG-sites and regions between cases and controls in each brain region. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA), gene-set, and GWAS-enrichment analyses were performed. Two differentially methylated CpG-sites were associated with AUD in the CN, and 18 in VS (q < 0.05). No epigenome-wide significant CpG-sites were found in BA9, ACC, or PUT. Differentially methylated regions associated with AUD case-/control status (q < 0.05) were found in the CN (n = 6), VS (n = 18), and ACC (n = 1). In the VS, the WGCNA-module showing the strongest association with AUD was enriched for immune-related pathways. This study is the first to analyze methylation differences between AUD cases and controls in multiple brain regions and consists of the largest sample to date. Several novel CpG-sites and regions implicated in AUD were identified, providing a first basis to explore epigenetic correlates of AUD.
The gut microbiome of extremely preterm infants randomized to the early progression of enteral feeding
Authors: Salas Ariel A. , Willis Kent A. , Carlo Waldemar A. , Yi Nengjun , Zhang Li , Van Der Pol William J. , Younge Noelle E. , Lefkowitz Elliot J. , Lal Charitharth V.
Published: November 2021

Background

Early progression of feeding could influence the development of the gut microbiome.

Methods

We collected fecal samples from extremely preterm infants randomized to receive either early (feeding day 2) or delayed (feeding day 5) feeding progression. After study completion, we compared samples obtained at three different time points (week 1, week 2, and week 3) to determine longitudinal differences in specific taxa between the study groups using unadjusted and adjusted negative binomial and zero-inflated mixed models. Analyses were adjusted for a mode of delivery, breastmilk intake, and exposure to antibiotics.

Results

We analyzed 137 fecal samples from 51 infants. In unadjusted and adjusted analyses, we did not observe an early transition to higher microbial diversity within samples (i.e., alpha diversity) or significant differences in microbial diversity between samples (i.e., beta diversity) in the early feeding group. Our longitudinal, single-taxon analysis found consistent differences in the generaLactococcus,Veillonella, andBilophilabetween groups.

Conclusions

Differences in single-taxon analyses independent of the mode of delivery, exposure to antibiotics, and breastmilk feeding suggest potential benefits of early progression of enteral feeding volumes. However, this dietary intervention does not appear to increase the diversity of the gut microbiome in the first 28 days after birth.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02915549.

Impact

Early progression of enteral feeding volumes with human milk reduces the duration of parenteral nutrition and the need for central venous access among extremely preterm infants.

Early progression of enteral feeding leads to single-taxon differences in longitudinal analyses of the gut microbiome, but it does not appear to increase the diversity of the gut microbiome in the first 28 days after birth.

Randomization in enteral feeding trials creates appealing opportunities to evaluate the effects of human milk diets on the gut microbiome.
Drinking and smoking polygenic risk is associated with childhood and early-adulthood psychiatric and behavioral traits independently of substance use and psychiatric genetic risk
Authors: De Angelis Flavio , Wendt Frank R. , Pathak Gita A. , Tylee Daniel S. , Goswami Aranyak , Gelernter Joel , Polimanti Renato
Published: November 2021

Alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking are hazardous behaviors associated with a wide range of adverse health outcomes. In this study, we explored the association of polygenic risk scores (PRS) related to drinks per week, age of smoking initiation, smoking initiation, cigarettes per day, and smoking cessation with 433 psychiatric and behavioral traits in 4498 children and young adults (aged 8–21) of European ancestry from the Philadelphia neurodevelopmental cohort. After applying a false discovery rate multiple testing correction accounting for the number of PRS and traits tested, we identified 36 associations related to psychotic symptoms, emotion and age recognition social competencies, verbal reasoning, anxiety-related traits, parents’ education, and substance use. These associations were independent of the genetic correlations among the alcohol-drinking and tobacco-smoking traits and those with cognitive performance, educational attainment, risk-taking behaviors, and psychopathology. The removal of participants endorsing substance use did not affect the associations of each PRS with psychiatric and behavioral traits identified as significant in the discovery analyses. Gene-ontology enrichment analyses identified several neurobiological processes underlying mechanisms of the PRS associations we report. In conclusion, we provide novel insights into the genetic overlap of smoking and drinking behaviors in children and young adults, highlighting their independence from psychopathology and substance use.
Secure attachment priming protects against relapse of fear in Young adults
Authors: Toumbelekis Metaxia , Liddell Belinda J. , Bryant Richard A.
Published: November 2021

Previous studies have shown that activating the attachment system attenuates fear learning. This study aimed to explore whether attachment priming can also impact on fear extinction processes, which underpin the management of anxiety disorders. In this study, 81 participants underwent a standard fear conditioning and extinction protocol on day 1 and returned 24 h later for an extinction recall and reinstatement test. Half the participants were primed to imagine their closest attachment figure prior to undergoing extinction training, while the other half were instructed to imagine a positive situation. Fear-potentiated startle and subjective expectancies of shock were measured as the primary indicators of fear. Attachment priming led to less relapse during the reinstatement test at the physiological but not subjective levels. These findings have translational potential to imply that activating awareness of attachment figures might augment long-term safety memories acquired in existing treatments to reduce relapse of fear.
Single-cell RNA-seq highlights a specific carcinoembryonic cluster in ovarian cancer
Authors: Zhao Hongyu , Gao Yan , Miao Jinwei , Chen Suwen , Li Jie , Li Zhefeng , Yin Chenghong , Yue Wentao
Published: November 2021

Expounding the heterogeneity for ovarian cancer (OC) with the cognition in developmental biology might be helpful to search for robust prognostic markers and effective treatments. In the present study, we employed single-cell RNA-seq with ovarian cancers, normal ovary, and embryo tissue to explore their heterogeneity. Then the differentiation process of clusters was explored; the pivotal cluster and markers were identified. Furthermore, the consensus clustering algorithm was used to explore the different clinical phenotypes in OC. At last, a prognostic model was construct and used to assess the prognosis for OCs. As a result, eight diverse clusters were identified, and the similarity existed in some clusters between embryo and tumours based on their gene expression. Meaningfully, a subtype of malignant epithelial cluster, PEG10+ EME, was associated with poor survival and was an intermediate stage of embryo to tumour. PEG10 was a CSC marker and might influence CSC self-renewal and promote cisplatin resistance via NOTCH pathway. Utilising specific gene profiles of PEG10+ EME based on public data sets, four phenotypes with different survival and clinical response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy were identified. These insights allowed for the investigation of single-cell transcriptome of OCs and embryo, which advanced our current understanding of OC pathogenesis and resulted in promising therapeutic strategies.
CircESRP1 inhibits clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression through the CTCF-mediated positive feedback loop
Authors: Gong Lin-Jing , Wang Xin-Yuan , Yao Xu-dong , Wu Xu , Gu Wen-Yu
Published: November 2021

Circular RNA (circRNA), a closed continuous loop formed by back-splicing, has been confirmed to be implicated in a variety of human diseases including cancers. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of circRNA regulating the progression of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains largely unclear. In the present study, we identified a novel circular RNA, circESRP1, that derived from the ESRP1 gene locus at 8q22.1 exons. Lower expression of circESRP1 was found in clear cell RCC (ccRCC) tissues and cell lines. Besides, circESRP1 expression level showed inversely correlated with the advanced tumor size, TNM stage and distant metastasis of ccRCC. The expression level of circESRP1 exhibited a positive correlation with CTCF protein but negatively correlated with miR-3942 in 79 ccRCC tissues. In vivo experiments, we found that overexpression of circESRP1 effectively repressed xenograft tumor growth and inhibited c-Myc-mediated EMT progression. CircESRP1 acted as a sponge to competitively bind with miR-3942 as confirmed through RNA pull-down, RIP and dual-luciferase reporter assays. Moreover, CTCF, a downstream target of miR-3942, was validated to specifically promote the circESRP1 transcript expression and regulated by circESRP1/miR-3942 pathway to form a positive feedback loop. We also revealed that the circESRP1/miR-3942/CTCF feedback loop regulated the ccRCC cell functions via c-Myc mediated EMT process. This study provides a novel regulatory model of circRNA via forming a positive-feedback loop that perpetuates the circESRP1/miR-3942/CTCF axis, suggesting that this signaling may serve as a novel target for the treatment of ccRCC.
Cetuximab promotes RSL3-induced ferroptosis by suppressing the Nrf2/HO-1 signalling pathway in KRAS mutant colorectal cancer
Authors: Yang Jiawen , Mo Jiajie , Dai Juji , Ye Chenqiao , Cen Wei , Zheng Xuzhi , Jiang Lei , Ye Lechi
Published: November 2021

Cetuximab is approved for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) with RAS wild-type. Nevertheless, the prognosis remains poor and the effectiveness of cetuximab is limited in KRAS mutant mCRC. Recently, emerging evidence has shown that ferroptosis, a newly discovered form of nonapoptotic cell death, is closely related to KRAS mutant cells. Here, we further investigated whether cetuximab-mediated regulation of p38/Nrf2/HO-1 promotes RSL3-induced ferroptosis and plays a pivotal role in overcoming drug resistance in KRAS mutant colorectal cancer (CRC). In our research, we used two KRAS mutant CRC cell lines, HCT116 and DLD-1, as models of intrinsic resistance to cetuximab. The viability of cells treated with the combination of RSL3 and cetuximab was assessed by the CCK-8 and colony formation assays. The effective of cetuximab to promote RSL3-induced ferroptosis was investigated by evaluating lipid reactive oxygen species accumulation and the expression of the malondialdehyde and the intracellular iron assay. Cetuximab therapy contributed to regulating the p38/Nrf2/HO-1 axis, as determined by western blotting and transfection with small interfering RNAs. Cetuximab promoted RSL3-induced ferroptosis by inhibiting the Nrf2/HO-1 in KRAS mutant CRC cells, and this was further demonstrated in a xenograft nude mouse model. Our work reveals that cetuximab enhances the cytotoxic effect of RSL3 on KRAS mutant CRC cells and that cetuximab enhances RSL3-induced ferroptosis by inhibiting the Nrf2/HO-1 axis through the activation of p38 MAPK.
Lipidomics reveals that sustained SREBP-1-dependent lipogenesis is a key mediator of gefitinib-acquired resistance in EGFR-mutant lung cancer
Authors: Xu Chuncao , Zhang Lei , Wang Daifei , Jiang Shiqin , Cao Di , Zhao Zhongxiang , Huang Min , Jin Jing
Published: November 2021

Patients with EGFR mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have been greatly benefited from gefitinib, however, the therapeutic has failed due to the presence of acquired resistance. In this study, we show that gefitinib significantly induces downregulation of Sterol Regulator Element Binding (SREBP1) in therapy-sensitive cells. However, this was not observed in EGFR mutant NSCLC cells with acquired resistance. Lipidomics analysis showed that gefitinib could differently change the proportion of saturated phospholipids and unsaturated phospholipids in gefitinib-sensitive and acquired-resistant cells. Besides, levels of ROS and MDA were increased upon SREBP1 inhibition and even more upon gefitinib treatment. Importantly, inhibition of SREBP1 sensitizes EGFR-mutant therapy-resistant NSCLC to gefitinib both in vitro and in vivo models. These data suggest that sustained de novo lipogenesis through the maintenance of active SRBEP-1 is a key feature of acquired resistance to gefitinib in EGFR mutant lung cancer. Taken together, targeting SREBP1-induced lipogenesis is a promising approach to overcome acquired resistance to gefitinib in EGFR-mutant lung cancer.
Molecular motions of a tetraphenylethylene-derived AIEgen directly monitored through in situ variable temperature single crystal X-ray diffraction
Authors: Zhou Lian , Meng Wei , Sun Lin , Du Lin , Xuan Xiaopeng , Zhang Jun
Published: November 2021

The isotropic displacement parameters of each phenyl ring confirm the inequivalent vibrations of a crystalline tetraphenylethylene-derived AIEgen.
Synthesis of Al-incorporated sulfated zirconia with improved and stabilized surface sulfur species for removal of trace olefins from aromatics
Authors: Wang Sitan , Yin Tao , Meng Xuan , Liu Naiwang , Shi Li
Published: November 2021

Incorporating Al into zirconia significantly improves and stabilizes the surface sulfur species. The outstanding catalytic performance of Al-incorporated sulfated zirconia was obtained when it was applied in removing trace olefins from aromatics.
van der Waals graphene/MoS2 heterostructures: tuning the electronic properties and Schottky barrier by applying a biaxial strain
Authors: Fang Qinglong , Li Min , Zhao Xumei , Yuan Lin , Wang Boyu , Xia Caijuan , Ma Fei
Published: November 2021

The interlayer distance and biaxial strain affect the electronic properties and contact properties of graphene/MoS2 heterostructures.
A simple way to synthesize a nano-scale stable epoxy emulsion for sizing CF/epoxy composites
Authors: Chen YiFan , Ding Lei , Cui Chao , Zhong Zhengxiang , Liu Li , Huang Yudong
Published: November 2021

Emulsion prepared with EE-P20 (“lipophilic–hydrophilic–hydrophobic” structure), as the emulsifier can improve the interface performance and moisture resistance of CF.
Development of a fully bio-based hyperbranched benzoxazine
Authors: Cai Wanan , Wang Zhicheng , Shu Zhaohui , Liu Wenbin , Wang Jun , Qiu Jian
Published: November 2021

A fully bio-based hyperbranched benzoxazine derived from renewable raw materials exhibits excellent thermal properties.
De novo design and synthesis of dipyridopurinone derivatives as visible-light photocatalysts in productive guanylation reactions
Authors: Wan Yameng , Wu Hao , Ma Nana , Zhao Jie , Zhang Zhiguo , Gao Wenjing , Zhang Guisheng
Published: November 2021

A novel visible-light photocatalyst was designed and its photocatalytic efficacy in the guanylation of amines overmatched common metal-core and organic photocatalysts.
Rich-phosphorus/nitrogen co-doped carbon for boosting the kinetics of potassium-ion hybrid capacitors
Authors: Xie Zhenyu , Xia Jiannian , Qiu Daping , Wei Jinying , Li Min , Wang Feng , Yang Ru
Published: November 2021

An advanced potassium-ion hybrid capacitor with excellent energy density, awesome power density, and superior cycle lifespan is constructed by a phosphorus and nitrogen co-doped carbon-material anode and a hierarchical porous carbon cathode.
Visible-light-driven hydrogen peroxide production from water and dioxygen by perylenetetracarboxylic diimide modified titanium-based metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Chen Xiaolang , Kondo Yoshifumi , Li Shuangjun , Kuwahara Yasutaka , Mori Kohsuke , Zhang Dieqing , Louis Catherine , Yamashita Hiromi
Published: November 2021

A heterostructure constructed by modification of perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PDI) upon MOFs for visible-light-driven H2O2 production from H2O and O2.
Nucleation-controlled growth of ultra-small perovskite quantum dots for bright blue light-emitting diodes
Authors: Tu Shuhua , Chen Min , Wu Limin
Published: November 2021

Ultra-small blue CsPbBr3QDs with ultrahigh PL QYs are synthesized by using PbBr2clusters as nucleation sites, which then react with Cs-oleate at relatively low temperatures.
Serving Students With Acquired Brain Injury: Understanding Long-Term Need and Outcomes After the BrainSTEPS Program
Authors: Riccardi Jessica Salley , Crook Libby , Eagan-Johnson Brenda , Vaccaro Monica , Ciccia Angela H.
Published: November 2021

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to inform school-based services for children with acquired brain injury (ABI) by describing and analyzing functional student-outcome data from a state-wide, school-based, school re-entry consultation program, BrainSTEPS (Strategies Teaching Educators, Parents, and Students), in Pennsylvania.

Method:

A nonexperimental, retrospective analysis was conducted with data collected during a pilot follow-up survey for BrainSTEPS. Caregivers reported on 337 students with ABI participating in BrainSTEPS.

Results:

Most students post-ABI who were participating in BrainSTEPS were enrolled in regular education and reported no ongoing symptoms, as well as no parent perception of need for additional BrainSTEPS consultation during the time period of the follow-up survey. Current receipt of therapy was significantly associated with injury type, χ
2
(1,
n
= 329) = 16.72,
p
< .001. A multiple logistic regression was significant (
p
< .001) in predicting the need for additional BrainSTEPS consultation. More severe injuries, educational placement postinjury of regular education with a 504 plan (compared to regular education), and current receipt of therapy significantly increased the odds of need for consultation.

Conclusions:

Due to the wide range of experiences of students in this sample, hospital-to-school transition services, educational supports and services, and long-term follow-up must be individualized for children with ABI. Speech-language pathologists are critical members of the school-based academic team for students with ABI to decrease long-term unmet needs.
Airgap and stray magnetic flux monitoring techniques for fault diagnosis of electrical machines: An overview
Authors: Mazaheri‐Tehrani Ehsan , Faiz Jawad
Published: November 2021

Flux‐based fault diagnosis methods have attracted ever‐increasing attention from technical communities because of their potential diagnostic capabilities and ability to overcome weaknesses of the traditional methods such as motor current signature analysis (MCSA). This study reviews recent literature on these methods and addresses their strengths and limitations. Different types of flux sensors that can be used for fault diagnosis applications are also discussed. Flux‐based approaches are classified based on the type of utilised flux into internal (airgap flux) and external (stray flux) methods and compared with each other. The most common faults in both induction machines (IMs) and permanent magnet machines (PMMs), including inter‐turn short‐circuit (ITSC), airgap eccentricity (AGE), rotor broken bars (BRB), and irreversible demagnetisation (IDM) faults, are considered in this review. Finally, research gaps are identified, and some suggestions for future research in this area are provided.
Ultra‐wideband antenna system for in‐band full‐duplex applications
Authors: Hijazi Hadi , Le Roy Marc , Lababidi Raafat , Le Jeune Denis , Pérennec Andre
Published: November 2021

In this study, we present an ultra‐wideband full‐duplex system constituted of a wideband 4‐element Vivaldi array and wideband microstrip‐to‐slotline baluns. The proposed system is characterised by its simplicity, high directivity, and high self‐interference cancellation levels over a wide frequency bandwidth. The system is fabricated using basic printed‐circuit board (PCB) technology and can provide at least 50 dB of self‐interference cancellation over the bandwidth of operation, 4–40 GHz, with an average gain of 7.8 dBi. The system has a size of 8 cm × 8 cm × 9.4 cm and can be used as a high data rate link between two distant wireless nodes. To assess the merits of the proposed system and compare it to other published works, a new figure of merit (FoMWFD) dedicated to wide‐band full‐duplex antenna topologies is introduced in this study.
Diffuse Meningiomatosis without Neurofibromatosis: A Rare Diagnosis with Atypical Presentation
Authors: Sharma Smily , Sharma Pankaj , Kumar Amit
Published: November 2021

Meningiomas are amongst the most common neoplasms of the central nervous system; however, “multiple meningiomas” or “meningiomatosis” account for < 10% of cases. The association with neurofibromatosis 2 is seen in ∼50% of cases. We report a case of 35-year-old female patient who presented with left eye proptosis, left forehead swelling, and multiple cranial nerve palsies predominantly on the left side. Imaging evaluation revealed innumerable en plaque meningiomas forming a sheet-like nodular thickening along the dura, causing marked hyperostosis and extending into the orbits, cavernous sinuses, sellar–suprasellar regions, various skull foramina, basal cisterns and into the cervical spinal canal causing mass effect on vital structures of the brain and cervical spinal cord. Similar lesions were found scattered in rest of the spine. We intend to highlight the role of imaging in accurately establishing the diagnosis and evaluating the extent and burden of disease in such rare cases.
Gollop-Wolfgang Complex: Clinical and Imaging Implications
Authors: Vanderberg Robert Hunter , Block Thomas , Gates Thomas , Gomez Juan
Published: November 2021

Gollop-Wolfgang complex is defined as the presence of a distal bifid femur and tibial hemimelia with or without hand ectrodactyly. The condition commonly presents with several skeletal abnormalities and internal organ congenital defects. We hereby report a case with a classical presentation of Gollop-Wolfgang complex.
Fibro Adipose Vascular Anomaly: A Rare and Often Misdiagnosed Entity
Authors: Khera Pushpinder S. , Garg Pawan K. , Babu Santhosh , Elhence Poonam , Tiwari Sarbesh , NK Shyamkumar
Published: November 2021

Fibro adipose vascular anomaly (FAVA) is a rare type of vascular malformation with distinct clinical features. The authors here discussed the clinical, imaging, differential diagnosis, histopathological features, and treatment options of FAVA along with an illustrative case. It is important to know about this uncommon entity as this can be misdiagnosed due to the overlapping clinical features with other common entities. It is a benign condition with no proven malignant potential. There are no guidelines regarding the best treatment option.
Concurrent Extramedullary Hematopoiesis and Pseudometastatic Hypervascular Lesions Masquerading as Metastases in Liver in a Case of Neuroblastoma
Authors: Taori Abhijeet , Shenouda Nazih , Demellawy Dina El , Putnins Rita
Published: November 2021

Neuroblastoma is a common embryonic tumor presenting in childhood. Improving treatment protocols which include a combination of chemotherapy, surgical resection, hematopoietic stem cell rescue, and radiation therapy have tremendously improved outcomes. Childhood survivors are at risk of developing lesions which may mimic metastases. It is essential to accurately diagnose these due to its prognostic implications.
Clinical Dilemma and the Role of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of an Unusual Presentation of Central Odontogenic Tumor—A Case Report
Authors: Surenthar Mouttoukichenin , Srinivasan Subramanian Vasudevan , Jimsha Vannathan Kumaran , Vineeth Ramanathan
Published: November 2021

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) provides a detailed analysis of the dentition and of cortical and medullary bone free of superimposition inherent in radiographs, which are effortlessly plausible, easily available, and relatively inexpensive when compared with other cross-sectional imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This article presents a case report of a 23-year-old male patient with a complaint of a mass in the right side lower back tooth region for the past 2 and a half months, which had the unusual presentation of prominent exophytic growth masking the central odontogenic tumor, wherein the diagnostic performances of CBCT in unveiling the diagnostic challenge that led to the clinical dilemma is emphasized. Routine radiographs such as orthopantomogram, mandibular occlusal view were taken along with CBCT, which accentuated the precise diagnosis in this case. The lesion was surgically enucleated with curettage and extraction of the involved teeth. CBCT unveiled the classic multilocularity of ameloblastoma, which routine imaging failed to display. CBCT played a pivotal role in counteracting the diagnostic challenges faced and also in distinguishing it from a cystic lesion that was initially deceived by routine two-dimensional radiographs.
Beyond MELD Predictors of Post TIPSS Acute Liver Failure the Lesson Learned
Authors: Verma Ritu , Jain Nishchint , Arora Abhishek , Gamangatti Shivanand , Chaturvedi Shailendra
Published: November 2021

TIPSS is safe and effective procedure for relieving portal hypertension by creating a low resistance portosystemic shunt. TIPSS reduces portal perfusion by 80 to 100% which then gradually gets partially compensated by increased flow from hepatic artery. Post TIPSS liver function shows brief deterioration which tends to start recovering in few weeks. However, progressive liver failure requiring emergency transplant or death remains a serious concern after TIPSS creation. The causes of post TIPSS liver failure are diverse and difficult to predict. Due to its rarity the definition of post TIPSS liver decompensation is also not well described in literature. Till date MELDNa score has been considered as the most reliable predictor of post TIPSS liver decompensation. In common practice post TIPSS liver failure is less likely in patients with model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score less than 18. We have experienced two unusual cases of post-TIPSS liver failure (PTLF) in patients with initial acceptable/low MELD score and the importance of non-MELD factors that may negatively influence post TIPSS outcome. Most of these can be routinely investigated prior to creating shunt thereby identifying patients at high risk of developing PTLF.
Exostosis of Rib: Case Report of an Extremely Rare Giant Osteochondroma at an Unusual Site, Radiopathological Correlation with Brief Review of Literature
Authors: Jilowa Sarita , Paliwal Purnima , Kapur Arun , Verma G. C.
Published: November 2021

Osteochondromas are common benign tumors developing as an abnormal bony growth in the metaphyseal region. Being more of a developmental anomaly rather than a true neoplasm, they are usually found around the growth plates of long bones such as the knee, hip, and shoulder. These are typically managed conservatively if they are asymptomatic; however, they require excision in symptomatic patients. A 38-year-old woman presented with a huge swelling causing disfigurement measuring 16 × 16 cm on the left side of chest wall. Radiographs and computed tomography scan showed a bony outgrowth at costochondral junction of second rib which was in continuity with the periosteum. Excision via mediastinal sternotomy and left thoracotomy was done. Histopathological features corroborated with the radiological diagnosis of osteochondroma. Osteochondroma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chest wall tumors. Rib is an extremely rare site of presentation. The cartilaginous cap becomes fully ossified and is lost in longstanding lesions. Huge tumors at such a location can cause irritation of adjacent viscera which can lead to pleural effusion or hemothorax; therefore, a cautious and logical approach to diagnosis is warranted for appropriate therapeutic management.