bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using an Open 1.0T MR Platform: A Comparative Study with a 1.5T Tunnel System
Authors: Fischbach Katharina , Kosiek Otrud , Friebe Björn , Wybranski Christian , Schnackenburg Bernhard , Schmeisser Alexander , Smid Jan , Ricke Jens , Pech Maciej
Published: March 2018

Background: Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) has become the non-invasive reference standard for the evaluation of cardiac function and viability. The introduction of open, high-field, 1.0T (HFO) MR scanners offers advantages for examinations of obese, claustrophobic and paediatric patients. The aim of our study was to compare standard cMRI sequences from an HFO scanner and those from a cylindrical, 1.5T MR system.

Material/Method: Fifteen volunteers underwent cMRI both in an open HFO and in a cylindrical MR system. The protocol consisted of cine and unenhanced tissue sequences. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for each sequence and blood-myocardium contrast for the cine sequences were assessed. Image quality and artefacts were rated. The location and number of non-diagnostic segments was determined. Volunteers’ tolerance to examinations in both scanners was investigated.

Results: SNR was significantly lower in the HFO scanner (all p<0.001). However, the contrast of the cine sequence was significantly higher in the HFO platform compared to the 1.5T MR scanner (0.685±0.41 vs. 0.611±0.54; p<0.001). Image quality was comparable for all sequences (all p>0.05). Overall, only few non-diagnostic myocardial segments were recorded: 6/960 (0.6%) by the HFO and 17/960 (1.8%) segments by the cylindrical system. The volunteers expressed a preference for the open MR system (p<0.01).

Conclusions: Standard cardiac MRI sequences in an HFO platform offer a high image quality that is comparable to the quality of images acquired in a cylindrical 1.5T MR scanner. An open scanner design may potentially improve tolerance of cardiac MRI and therefore allow to examine an even broader patient spectrum.
Autoimmune Hypophysitis Presenting as Solid-Cystic Mass Managed Conservatively
Authors: Baruah Manash P. , Singh Anuradha , Medhi Nirod , Das Chandan J.
Published: March 2018

Background: Autoimmune hypophysitis (AH) is a rare inflammatory condition of the pituitary gland and usually affects women of childbearing age. It commonly leads to pituitary dysfunction. Moreover, pituitary enlargement may lead to compressive symptoms, which necessitates urgent surgical decompression. Resection of the pituitary gland causes iatrogenic hypopituitarism which requires lifelong hormonal supplementation. With an increasing number of suspected cases of pituitary diseases, there has been a paradigm shift in the management by conservative measures, especially, when surgery is not urgently needed.

Case Report: We report a case of AH in a premenopausal woman presenting with headache. MRI revealed a solid-cystic mass involving the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. The infundibulum was also thickened and enhancing; however, it was still in the midline. Ancillary MRI findings and hormonal profile were favouring the diagnosis of AH over pituitary neoplasm. The patient was managed conservatively with high doses of glucocorticoids, which resulted in prompt resolution of the lesion. During subsequent follow-up over 6 years, there was no recurrence and partial restoration of the pituitary function was seen. This case is interesting due to an unusual MRI appearance of AH, presenting as a solid-cystic mass. Moreover, disease resolution with conservative treatment strengthens the approach to limit surgery to those patients with compressive symptoms or uncertain diagnosis.

Conclusions: AH should be included in the differential diagnosis of solid-cystic pituitary masses along with clinical correlation, which includes early involvement of ACTH and TSH and a relatively rapid development of hypopituitarism. In uncertain cases or with lack of compressive symptoms, a trial of steroids is worthwhile.
Computed Tomography (CT) Angiography in Pre- Embolization Assessment of Location of Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Paediatric Patient with Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Wegener’s Granulomatosis) – Case Report
Authors: Komarnicka Justyna , Brzewski Michał , Banaszkiewicz Aleksandra , Maciąg Rafał , Krysiak Remigiusz
Published: March 2018

Background: Acute gastrointestinal bleeding is an emergency with a high morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and appropriate intervention can be lifesaving and can prevent long-term complications.

Case Report: In this case report, we discuss and illustrate the role of CT angiography in the evaluation of acute, active gastrointestinal haemorrhage and show its usefulness prior to embolization. We describe a 15-year-old girl with granulomatosis with polyangiitis, formerly known as Wegener’s granulomatosis.

Conclusions: An accurate pre-embolization assessment of bleeding with CT angiography shortens the total diagnostic time, which results in prompt and more effective endovascular treatment. We describe the clinical presentation of our patient and present diagnostic and interventional radiologic findings.
Evaluating Qualitative and Quantitative Computerized Tomography Indicators of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Their Correlation with Pulmonary Function Tests
Authors: Kaya Lerzan , Özel Deniz , Özel Betül Duran
Published: March 2018

Background: With increasingly aging populations, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death today. Emphysematous changes, an important component of the disease, must be determined on HRCT, either qualitatively or quantitatively. The purpose of this study was to evaluate features that help determine emphysematous changes and correlate them with respiratory function tests (RFTs).

Material/Methods: A total of thirty COPD patients and a control group of the same size, matched for age, were included in the study. The mean lung parenchyma density values on inspiration and expiration, visual HRCT scores, and pulmonary function tests were obtained. IBM SPSS statistical software (version 22) was used to perform correlation analysis (Pearson’s coefficient) and the Mann-Whitney U test.

Results: The most valuable RFTs for determining emphysematous changes were DLCO, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC, in that order. Quantitative measures of the mean lung density had the highest correlation with coefficient on expiration.

Conclusions: As regards the comparison between objective and subjective density values, the HRCT-based visual density values are satisfactory. On the other hand, the best assessment can be performed with the use of mean density values on expiration. DLCO, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC were found to be valuable parameters in determining parenchymal changes.
Fahr Syndrome – an Important Piece of a Puzzle in the Differential Diagnosis of Many Diseases
Authors: Jaworski Krzysztof , Styczyńska Maria , Mandecka Monika , Walecki Jerzy , Kosior Dariusz A.
Published: March 2018

Fahr syndrome is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by symmetrical, bilateral calcifications in the basal ganglia, nucleus gyrus and cerebral cortex. The continuous advancement as well as widespread use of brain imaging have contributed to the increasing detection rates of such changes. Nevertheless, their etiology is understood only partially and the methods of causative treatment are limited. Due to various symptoms, Fahr syndrome may resemble diseases from the field of neurology, psychiatry, cardiology and even urology. This article provides an up-to- date review of the literature concerning Fahr syndrome in terms of clinical practice.
Clinical Audit of Paediatric Magnetic Resonance Imaging Under Sedation at a Nigerian Tertiary Institution
Authors: Owojuyigbe Afolabi Muyiwa , Omisore Adeleye Dorcas , Adenekan Anthony Taiwo , Famurewa Olusola Comfort , Ayoola Oluwagbemiga Oluwole , Attah Fredrick Andrew , Adetiloye Victor Adebayo
Published: March 2018

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in paediatric patients requires them to be calm during the procedure to avoid motion artefacts in the acquired images. Sedation and/or anaesthesia is a way to achieve this. We evaluated all paediatric MRI sedations since installation of an MRI device in our hospital.

Material/Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 69 paediatric MRI sedations performed over a 5-year period using records of patients’ biodata, MRI date, indication, findings and scan time, sources of referral, body region scanned, type, dose, related adverse events and route of administration of sedatives as well as image quality.

Results: The median age and weight of the patients were 24 months {range of 0.3 months (10 days) to 132 months (11 years)} and 11.5 kg (range of 2.6 kg to 42 kg), respectively. Males constituted 50.7% of the patients. Most participants (94.2%) were in-patients of the hospital, mainly (60.0%) referred from the paediatric unit, with slightly over one third (36.2%) of the studies performed in 2015. The commonest indication and scanned body region were macrocephaly (18.8%) and the brain (76.8%), respectively. Hydrocephalus (17.4%) was the commonest MRI finding. Sedation was planned in 66 (95.7%) patients and was successful in 68 (98.6%). Midazolam and the IV route were the commonest sedative agent and route of administration, respectively. Image quality determined by age was fair to good in 68 (98.6%) patients with only 1 patient requiring re-scanning due to motion blur. No adverse events with sedation were recorded.

Conclusions: Midazolam via the IV route with or without oral route is the drug of choice for MRI sedation in children in our institution with a success rate of about 99%.
Accuracy of Ultrasonography (US) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in Detection of Rotator Cuff Tears in District General Hospital
Authors: Elmorsy Ahmed , Keightley Andrew , Flannery Mark
Published: March 2018

Background: Rotator cuff tears (RCTs) represent a significant proportion of shoulder diseases, hence they are a frequent cause of patient visits in shoulder clinics. However, the diagnosis of rotator cuff tears is controversial. Investigation of cuff tears is based on ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Both modalities have been in use for decades, and their advantages and limitations are known. A recent Cochrane review of the subject suggested that US and MRI both performed well with respect to full thickness rotator cuff tears (FTT). However, they were less accurate with respect to partial thickness tears (PTT). The aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of US and MRI in diagnosing rotator cuff tears.

Material/Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of a cohort of 255 patients who underwent shoulder arthroscopy. Of them, 125 patients had preoperative US, and 130 had preoperative MRI. The imaging results were compared with arthroscopic findings for patient.

Results: After calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive prediction value (PPV), and negative prediction value, we found no statistically significant difference between US and MRI in detection of rotator cuff tears of any type (RCT) or FTT. However, US is more specific in detecting PTT compared to MRI (P=0.00008) but with no significant difference in other parameters.

Conclusions: We concluded that US and MRI both have similar accuracy in diagnosing RCT of any sort and FTT. However, US is more specific than MRI in detecting PTT. In our institute, we now recommend US as the investigation of choice for diagnosing rotator cuff tears.
Magnetic Resonance (MR) Imaging of Vascular Malformations
Authors: Bashir Usman , Shah Samd , Jeph Sunil , O’Keeffe Michael , Khosa Faisal
Published: March 2018

Vascular malformations pose a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge due to the broad differential diagnosis as well as common utilization of inadequate or inaccurate classification systems among healthcare providers. Therapeutic approaches to these lesions vary based on the type, size, and extent of the vascular anomaly, necessitating accurate diagnosis and classification. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (MRI) is an effective modality for classifying vascular anomalies due to its ability to delineate the extent and anatomic relationship of the malformation to adjacent structures. In addition to anatomical mapping, the complete evaluation of vascular anomalies includes hemodynamic characterization. Dynamic time-resolved contrast-enhanced MR angiography provides information regarding hemodynamics of vascular anomalies, differentiating high- and low-flow vascular malformations. Radiologists must identify the MRI features of vascular malformations for better diagnosis and classification.
Acute Chest Pain of Coronary Origin in Patients without Diabetes: How Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT) Angiography Helps in Diagnosis
Authors: Enaba Moanes M. , Elsammak Ahmed A. , Elgerby Khaled M. , Salem Hatem M.
Published: March 2018

Background: To assess the diagnostic value of MDCT coronary angiography for evaluation of acute chest pain of coronary origin in non-diabetic patients.

Material/Methods: In 22 patients without DM, we assessed coronary arteries with multidetector CT angiography and invasive conventional angiography.

Results: CT coronary angiography revealed positive coronary artery disease findings in 16 patients; LAD was affected in 16 (72.3%), RCA in 14 (63.3%), and LCX in 8 (36.4%) cases. The proximal part of LAD was the most commonly affected coronary artery (14 cases, 63.3%) in the studied patients who underwent MSCT coronary angiography. As regards the calcium score, 4 patients (18%) had low calcium scores, 6 cases (27%) had moderate calcium scores, and 12 cases (55%) had high calcium scores. There were 6 patients with positive findings of coronary artery disease detected on MDCT coronary angiography that were not mirrored by conventional angiography.

Conclusions: MDCT angiography of the coronaries is a good and rapid method for evaluation of the coronary anatomy and for early detection and grading of coronary lesions in non-diabetic patients.
Lumbar Opening Pressure and Radiologic Scoring in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: Is There Any Correlation?
Authors: Tuncel Sedat Alpaslan , Yılmaz Erdem , Çağlı Bekir , Tekataş Aslan , Çelik Yahya , Ünlü Mehmet Ercüment
Published: March 2018

Background: To investigate correlation between lumbar opening pressure (LOP) and radiological scores based on cranial MRI and contrast-enhanced MR venography in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH).

Material/Methods: Patients with IIH who underwent brain MRI and contrast-enhanced MR venography before measurement of LOP between 2010–2014 were evaluated retrospectively. Three experienced radiologists (blinded to LOP values) evaluated a total of 51 patients. They reached a consensus on the presence or absence of 6 radiological findings identified in the literature as characteristic for IIH: empty sella, perioptic dilation, optical tortuosity, flattening of the posterior globe, swelling of the optic disc, and bilateral transverse sinus stenosis. The radiological score was obtained by giving 1 point for the presence of each finding, with the highest possible score of 6 points. The correlation between the calculated radiological scores and LOP was evaluated.

Results: There was no significant correlation between LOP and radiological scores (r=0.095; p=0.525, Spearman’s rank coefficient). Similarly, no significant correlation was detected between LOP and each of the radiological findings (partial empty sella [p=0.137], perioptic dilation [p=0.265], optical tortuosity [p=0.948], flattening of the posterior globe [p=0.491], swelling of the optic disc [p=0.881], and bilateral dural sinus stenosis [p=0.837], Mann-Whitney U test).

Conclusions: There was no significant correlation between LOP and reliable radiological features of IIH.
Diagnostic Performance of Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT) in Diagnosis of Sinus Variations
Authors: Alsowey Ahmed M. , Abdulmonaem Ghada , Elsammak Ahmed , Fouad Yasser
Published: March 2018

Background: In this prospective study, we looked for correlations between anatomic variants of paranasal sinuses and chronic or recurrent sinusitis.

Material/Methods: Two hundred and forty (240) patients with clinical features of chronic rhinosinusitis were examined; patients with first-onset or allergic sinusitis and pregnant females were excluded. Routine multi-slice CT of the paranasal sinuses was performed to look for mucosal disease of the paranasal sinuses, drainage pathways, and presence of anatomical variations and their relation to known sinus drainage pathways.

Results: Anatomic variations were very frequent, and we classified them into four easily recognized groups: nasal septum variations, middle turbinate variations, uncinate process variations, and ethmoidal variations. Deviated nasal septum was the most frequent variation in patients with chronic or recurrent sinusitis, and it was detected in 48.8% of cases. Agger nasi cells and concha bullosa were equally frequent (30.6%), and Haller cells were detected in 11.2%. Uncinate process variations were detected in 18.1%, and the large ethmoid bulla was detected in 10%.

Conclusions: The importance of anatomic variations is that they can compromise drainage pathway of the related sinus, which results in inflammatory sinus disease. Anatomical variations are not diseases on their own and may be present as incidental findings in patient with chronic sinusitis.
Evaluation of Imaging Methods in Tick-Borne Encephalitis
Authors: Zawadzki Radosław , Garkowski Adam , Kubas Bożena , Zajkowska Joanna , Hładuński Marcin , Jurgilewicz Dorota , Łebkowska Urszula
Published: March 2018

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is caused by a virus that belongs to the Flaviviridae family and is transmitted by tick bites. The disease has a biphasic course. Diagnosis is based on laboratory examinations because of non-specific clinical features, which usually entails the detection of specific IgM antibodies in either blood or cerebrospinal fluid that appear in the second phase of the disease. Neurological symptoms, time course of the disease, and imaging findings are multifaceted. During the second phase of the disease, after the onset of neurological symptoms, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities are observed in a limited number of cases. However, imaging features may aid in predicting the prognosis of the disease.
A comparison of spatial heterogeneity with local cluster detection methods for chronic respiratory diseases in Thailand
Authors: Laohasiriwong Wongsa , Puttanapong Nattapong , Luenam Amornrat
Published: March 2018

Background: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that deaths from chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) in Thailand increased by almost 13% in 2010, along with an increased burden related to the disease. Evaluating the geographical heterogeneity of CRDs is important for surveillance. Previous studies have indicated that socioeconomic status has an effect on disease, and that this can be measured with variables such as night-time lights (NTLs) and industrial density (ID). However, there is no understanding of how NTLs and ID correlate with CRDs. We compared spatial heterogeneity obtained by using local cluster detection methods for CRDs and by correlating NTLs and ID with CRDs.

Methods: We applied the spatial scan statistic in SaTScan, as well as local indices of spatial association (LISA), Getis and Ord’s local Gi*(d) statistic, and Pearson correlation. In our analysis, data were collected on gender, age, household income, education, family size, occupation, region, residential area, housing construction materials, cooking fuels, smoking status and previously diagnosed CRDs by a physician from the National Socioeconomic Survey, which is a cross-sectional study conducted by the National Statistical Office of Thailand in 2010.

Results: According to our findings, the spatial scan statistic, LISA, and the local Gi*(d) statistic revealed similar results for areas with the highest clustering of CRDs. However, the hotspots for the spatial scan statistic covered a wider area than LISA and the local Gi*(d) statistic. In addition, there were persistent hotspots in Bangkok and the perimeter provinces. NTLs and ID have a positive correlation with CRDs.

Conclusions: This study demonstrates that all the statistical methods used could detect spatial heterogeneity of CRDs. NTLs and ID can serve as new parameters for determining disease hotspots by representing the population and industrial boom that typically contributes to epidemics.
The effect of a health literacy approach to counselling on the lifestyle of women with gestational diabetes: A clinical trial
Authors: Gharachourlo Mehrafza , Mahmoodi Zohreh , Akbari Kamrani Mahnaz , Tehranizadeh Maryam , Kabir Kourosh
Published: March 2018

Background: Gestational diabetes is a common pregnancy disorder that affects the mother’s and neonate’s health. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of a health literacy approach to counselling on the lifestyle of women with gestational diabetes. The present randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in 2017 using a parallel design. The subjects included 84 eligible women presenting to Alborz and Kamali Hospitals, Karaj, Iran.

Methods: Convenience sampling was first used to select the subjects. They were then assigned to an intervention or control group based on randomized blocks of four. Both groups attended counselling sessions. The mothers in the intervention group attended six sessions of counselling with a health literacy approach in addition to counselling on routine pregnancy care. The control group attended counselling sessions on safe pregnancy care and received a training package containing all the subjects discussed in the intervention group. The Lifestyle Questionnaire and the Iranian Health Literacy Questionnaire were completed by the mothers at the beginning and at the end of the sessions as well as three weeks after the sessions. The data obtained were analyzed in SPSS-19.

Results: According to the study findings, the scores of lifestyle (P=0.8) and health literacy (P=0.423) showed no significant differences between the intervention and control groups before the intervention. Significant differences were, however, observed in the mean scores of lifestyle and health literacy between the two groups immediately and three weeks after the intervention. Comparing the means showed a higher increase in the mean scores in the intervention group (P<0.001).

Conclusions: Providing counselling services by midwives can significantly help modify mothers’ unhealthy lifestyle choices and increase their health literacy; therefore, reducing maternal and neonatal consequences, especially in high-risk pregnancies.

Trial registration number: IRCT2017021427728N3

Trial registry: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials

Trial registration date: 5th April 2017
Case Report: Dermoscopic features of oral lichen planus - the evolution of mucoscopy
Authors: Sonthalia Sidharth , Varma Sangeeta , Jha Abhijeet Kumar , Jakhar Deepak , Kaliyadan Feroze
Published: March 2018

Dermoscopy, a non-invasive technique for cutaneous diagnosis is being increasingly studied in various disorders of the skin, nails and scalp. However, it has been under-utilized for the diagnosis and characterization of mucosal disorders. The dermoscopic characterization of cutaneous lichen planus and its variants has been well documented with Wickham’s striae constituting the hallmark of the condition. However, the dermoscopic features of oral lichen planus with hand-held or videodermoscopy remain to be elucidated. We present the case of a young adult man who presented with asymptomatic white lacy lesions over a bluish-black background over the tongue, patchy hyperpigmentation of the buccal mucosa and gingivae, and longitudinal melanonychia involving some nails. History of intake of any drugs preceding the lesions, smoking, chewing of betel nut and dental implants was negative. Family history was non-contributory. There were no cutaneous lesions suggestive of lichen planus. Mucoscopy (dermoscopy of the mucosa, oral in this case) and onychoscopy were done followed by biopsy from the tongue that confirmed the diagnosis of lichen planus. Oral mucoscopy of the tongue revealed a tri-colored pattern with structureless veil-like grey-white areas (modified Wickham’s striae), well-demarcated red glossy erosions, and violaceous-to-brown clods. Additionally, vascular pattern of dotted and linear to curved vessels along the borders of leukoplakia-like areas and erosions were observed. Onychoscopy confirmed lichen planus-associated melanonychia. Dermoscopy also proved useful in conveniently ruling out other disorders typified by mucosal and nail pigmentation such as Laugier Hunziker syndrome and drug-induced changes. Although direct oral microscopy has been used in defining features of oral lichen planus, to the best of our knowledge this case is the first report on mucoscopy or dermoscopy of oral lichen planus
Investigating the role of Rts1 in DNA replication initiation
Authors: Wallis Ana B.A. , Nieduszynski Conrad A.
Published: March 2018

Background:Understanding DNA replication initiation is essential to understand the mis-regulation of replication seen in cancer and other human disorders. DNA replication initiates from DNA replication origins. In eukaryotes, replication is dependent on cell cycle kinases which function during S phase. Dbf4-dependent kinase (DDK) and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) act to phosphorylate the DNA helicase (composed of mini chromosome maintenance proteins: Mcm2-7) and firing factors to activate replication origins. It has recently been found that Rif1 can oppose DDK phosphorylation. Rif1 can recruit protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) to dephosphorylate MCM and restricts origin firing. In this study, we investigate a potential role for another phosphatase, protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), in regulating DNA replication initiation. The PP2A regulatory subunit Rts1 was previously identified in a large-scale genomic screen to have a genetic interaction withORC2(a DNA replication licensing factor). Deletion ofRTS1synthetically rescued the temperature-sensitive (ts-) phenotype ofORC2mutants.

Methods:We deletedRTS1in multiple ts-replication factorSaccharomyces cerevisiaestrains, includingORC2.  Dilution series assays were carried out to compare qualitatively the growth of double mutant∆rts1ts-replication factor strains relative to the respective single mutant strains.  

Results:No synthetic rescue of temperature-sensitivity was observed. Instead we found an additive phenotype, indicating gene products function in separate biological processes. These findings are in agreement with a recent genomic screen which found thatRTS1deletion in several ts-replication factor strains led to increased temperature-sensitivity.

Conclusions:We find no evidence that Rts1 is involved in the dephosphorylation of DNA replication initiation factors.
Community engagement for malaria elimination in contested areas of the Karen/Kayin State, Myanmar: A case study on the Malaria Elimination Task Force
Authors: König Andrea , Kajeechiwa Ladda , Thwin May Myo , Nosten Suphak , Tun Saw Win , Tangseefa Decha , Nosten François
Published: March 2018

Background: This study evinces how the community engagement (CE) approach of the Malaria Elimination Task Force (METF) in the Karen/Kayin State of southeast Myanmar contributed to generating participation in program activities, such as early detection and treatment, malaria blood surveys and mass drug administration.

Methods: We investigated the CE approach through ethnographic and key-informant unstructured interviews as well as focus group discussions and participant observation with program participants METF team members. Interview transcripts were analysed manually applying inductive content analysis.

Results: In the context of the Thai-Myanmar border, CE had two main dimensions: The first was to enable the politically sensitive entry of the program into intervention areas, the second was to create mutual understanding among the METF team and people from the population and gain trust. For the first, the METF needed to acknowledge, get permission and communicate with a complex landscape of governing actors and leaders. For the second, creating mutual understanding meant to spend time learning about villagers’ lifeworlds and adapting engagement accordingly to create understanding of the program in resonance with these lifeworlds. Gaining trust meant to leverage leadership and build trust through informal “horizontal” engagement and acts of caring. Three key dimensions of villagers’ lifeworlds that appeared most crucial for staff to learn about were: villagers’ experience with the outside world; leadership and governing relationships to villagers: authority and distrust; and their perceived need for malaria care.

Conclusions: Successful CE is highly context specific. CE success was based on the adaptability of the approach towards the complex political and socio-cultural contexts of the different areas of the Karen/Kayin State. Hence, CE is not a fixed approach or strategy defined before entering the setting, but constantly evolving based on the encounters with stakeholders and people of the population.
Convergent morphology in Alpinieae (Zingiberaceae): Recircumscribing Amomum as a monophyletic genus
Authors: Boer Hugo de , Newman Mark , Poulsen Axel Dalberg , Droop A. Jane , Fér Tomáš , Thu Hiền Lê Thi , Hlavatá Kristýna , Lamxay Vichith , Richardson James E. , Steffen Karin , Leong-Škorničková Jana
Published: March 2018

The tropical ginger genus Amomum (Zingiberaceae) has always posed challenges for classification based on morphological characters. Previous molecular phylogenetic studies showed Amomum to be paraphyletic but limited sampling and absence of the data of the type Amomum subulatum made it impossible to resolve the paraphyly and make nomenclatural changes. Here, Amomum is further investigated in a multi–marker phylogenetic framework using matK and nrITS including multiple accessions of the type, the genus Elettaria and additional accessions of Amomum, Alpinia, Elettariopsis, Geocharis, Geostachys and Hornstedtia. Amomum is shown to consist of nine clades and Alpinia of six. The genera Elettaria, Elettariopsis, Plagiostachys, and species in Hornstedtia are nested within these clades. Morphological studies of species previously subsumed in Amomum support recognition of new genera that correspond to well–delimited clades in the phylogenetic framework presented here. Recircumscription of the paraphyletic genus Amomum facilitates identification and creates nomenclatural stability. Three genera, Conamomum, Meistera and Wurfbainia, are resurrected, and three new genera Epiamomum, Lanxangia and Sundamomum are described, together with a key to the genera and a nomenclatural synopsis placing 384 specific names (incl. all synonyms) into the new generic framework. Of these 129 represent new combinations and 3 are replacement names. Types of Geocharis and Geostachys are designated. Further studies and specific sampling will be needed to resolve other branches of Alpinioideae containing other polyphyletic genera.
Lachesiodendron, a new monospecific genus segregated from Piptadenia (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae: mimosoid clade): Evidence from morphology and molecules
Authors: Ribeiro Pétala Gomes , Luckow Melissa , Lewis Gwilym P. , Simon Marcelo F. , Cardoso Domingos , de Souza Élvia R. , Conceição Silva Ana Paula , Jesus Marcel Carvalho , dos Santos Francisco A.R. , Azevedo Vânia , de Queiroz Luciano Paganucci
Published: March 2018

The widest historical circumscription of the mimosoid legume genus Piptadenia (Caesalpinioideae: mimosoid clade) previously embraced morphologically disparate species that are currently ascribed to nine different genera. Previous molecular phylogenetic studies have demonstrated that the neotropical dry forest Piptadenia viridiflora is not closely related to Piptadenia s.str. Here we plug gaps in the DNA sequence dataset of a recently published study to build a more comprehensive phylogeny of the Piptadenia group and revise morphological evidence to define the phylogenetic relationship of P. viridiflora. Both morphological and molecular data confirm that P. viridiflora is an isolated lineage, thus warranting the description of the new monospecific genus Lachesiodendron. The new genus is diagnosed by the combination of paired stipular spines (vs. stipules not modified into spines in Piptadenia s.str.), prickles absent (vs. present), flowers in axillary spikes not grouped in compound inflorescences (vs. spikes grouped in compound pseudoracemes or panicles), flowers with a cylindrical corolla long exserted from the calyx (vs. corolla campanulate with petals free or slightly joined at the base) and long green stamens (vs. shorter and white, pale yellow or pink stamens). In addition, Lachesiodendron has pollen aggregated into 8–celled polyads with a hamulate exine, which further contrasts with the 12–celled polyads with a psilate exine in Piptadenia s.str.
Functioning of the various forms of mental health care in Poland in the years 2010–2013. Organizational, economic and financial aspects
Authors: Lisiecka-Biełanowicz Mira , Biechowska Daria , Cianciara Dorota
Published: March 2018

Cel pracy

Głównym celem analizy była weryfikacja hipotezy o znaczącym wzroście nakładów na świadczenia psychiatryczne na przestrzeni ostatnich lat. Skutkiem wysokiej dynamiki przyrostu nakładów będzie rozwój modelu psychiatrii środowiskowej oraz stopniowe odejście od szpitalnej opieki psychiatrycznej na rzecz opieki w systemie otwartym, w tym środowiskowym.

Metoda

W badaniu wykorzystano informacje o realizacji świadczeń w zakresie psychiatrycznej opieki zdrowotnej w ramach umów zawartych z NFZ, które zostały zgromadzone w systemie informatycznym Centrali NFZ. Część informacji pochodzi z roku 2010, który przyjęto jako datę bazową dla rozpoczęcia realizacji założeń Narodowego Programu Ochrony Zdrowia Psychicznego w 2011 roku. W celu porównania wykorzystano dane z realizacji poszczególnych świadczeń w roku 2013. Ponadto analizowano inne wybrane elementy organizacyjne i ekonomiczno-finansowe systemu opieki psychiatrycznej.

Wyniki

W 2013 r. w stosunku do roku 2010 wzrosła liczba podmiotów psychiatrycznej opieki zdrowotnej: poradni zdrowia psychicznego (wzrost o 37 poradni), psychiatrycznych oddziałów dziennych (25 oddziałów) oraz zespołów leczenia środowiskowego (74 zespoły). Największy wzrost wartości kontraktów (ok. 150%) dotyczył zespołów leczenia środowiskowego.

Wnioski

Między rokiem 2010 a 2013 wrosła wartość rozliczonych kontraktów w opiece psychiatrycznej, ogólnie i w każdej z trzech form opieki psychiatrycznej (tj. na oddziale dziennym, w poradniach zdrowia psychicznego oraz w zespołach środowiskowych). Największy wzrost nakładów objął zespoły leczenia środowiskowego, w mniejszym stopniu oddziały dzienne i ambulatoria. Przyjęte rozwiązania organizacyjne i ekonomiczno-finansowe w systemie opieki psychiatrycznej są zgodne z celami Narodowego Programy Ochrony Zdrowia Psychicznego, w tym zakładaną strukturą Centrów Zdrowia Psychicznego.
Difficulties to differentiate mood disorders co-occurring with compulsive gambling. Discussion based on a case study.
Authors: Pilszyk Anna , Silczuk Andrzej , Habrat Bogusław , Heitzman Janusz
Published: March 2018

Streszczenie: Współczesne piśmiennictwo nie zajmuje jednoznacznego stanowiska w kwestii rozstrzygania w temacie odpowiedzialności cywilnej i karnej u osób z rozpoznanymi zaburzeniami uprawiania hazardu, tym bardziej przy podejrzeniu współwystępowania lub interferencji z innymi chorobami psychicznymi. Przykładem trudności diagnostycznych jest obraz kliniczny pacjentki z zaburzeniami uprawiania hazardu, która była opiniowana sądowo-psychiatrycznie pod kątem oceny podejmowania świadomych (i swobodnych) decyzji w odniesieniu do zawierania licznych umów cywilno-prawnych (głównie finansowych). Pacjentka była uprzednio 5-krotnie badana przez biegłych psychiatrów, którzy w 4 opiniach stawiali rozpoznanie zaburzeń afektywnych dwubiegunowych, w tym raz pod postacią z zaburzeń z szybką zmianą faz. W oparciu o aktualny stan wiedzy o relacjach między zaburzeniami uprawiania hazardu a zaburzeniami nastroju nie potwierdzono rozpoznania choroby afektywnej dwubiegunowej. Trudności diagnostyczne, wynikają zarówno z nieprzejrzystości diagnostycznej, jak i niepewnych informacji wynikających z wywiadu, jakie pojawiły się w analizowanym przypadku i wskazują na potrzebę wielopłaszczyznowej oceny klinicznej osób opiniowanych z podejrzeniem zaburzeń nastroju i nałogów behawioralnych.
Are suicide risk factors gender specific?
Authors: Pawlak Joanna , Miechowicz Izabela , Dmitrzak-Węglarz Monika , Szczepankiewicz Aleksandra , Zaremba Dorota , Kapelski Paweł , Rajewska-Rager Aleksandra , Czerski Piotr , Skibińska Maria , Hauser Joanna
Published: March 2018

Cel pracy

Samobójstwo stanowi istotne zagadnienie w opiece nad pacjentami psychiatrycznymi. Najwyższe ryzyko obserwowane jest u osób z zaburzeniami afektywnymi. Na podstawie literatury wytypowano 20 czynników związanych z zachowaniami samobójczymi (czynniki socjo-demograficzne, kliniczne i obciążenia rodzinne) i przeanalizowano ich znaczenie zależnie od płci pacjentów.

Metoda

Do badania włączono chorych z rozpoznaniem dużej depresji (MDD; n=249) i zaburzeń depresyjnych dwubiegunowych (BP; n=582). Zastosowano kwestionariusze SCID I (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I), OPCRIT (Operational Criteria Diagnostic Checklist) oraz kwestionariusz obciążeń rodzinnych.

Wyniki

W badanej populacji stwierdzono związek prób samobójczych z następującymi czynnikami: obciążenie rodzinne zaburzeniami psychicznymi, zaburzeniami afektywnymi i nadużywaniem/uzależnieniem od substancji psychoaktywnych, obciążenie rodzinne próbami/dokonanymi samobójstwami, występowanie w przebiegu epizodów depresyjnych następujących objawów: nadmierne poczucie winy, poczucie bezwartościowości i przedwczesne budzenie się rano oraz z objawami psychotycznymi. Wykazano także związek prób samobójczych w wywiadzie z posiadaniem potomstwa. Czynniki związane z próbami samobójczymi różniły się w podgrupach kobiet i mężczyzn. Wiek początku MDD i współwystępowanie z zaburzeniami afektywnymi nadużywania/uzależnienia od substancji psychoaktywnych było związane z próbami samobójczymi wyłącznie w grupie kobiet. Posiadanie potomstwa było związane z próbami samobójczymi w całej grupie oraz w podgrupie mężczyzn, natomiast nie miało znaczenia w podgrupie kobiet.

Wnioski

Stwierdzono związek prób samobójczych z dziesięcioma spośród wytypowanych 20 czynników, jednak ich istotność (lub jej brak) różniła się pomiędzy grupą pacjentów płci męskiej i płci żeńskiej aż w połowie przypadków.
Editorial
Authors: Dudek Dominika , Sobański Jerzy , Klasa Katarzyna
Published: March 2018

bez streszczenia
MEMÓRIAS SENTIMENTAIS (E CRÍTICAS) DE UM PROGRAMA DE INICIAÇÃO À DOCÊNCIA: O PONTO DE VISTA DO PIBID HISTÓRIA UFF 2014
Authors: Paiva de Andrade Everardo
Published: March 2018

O presente trabalho reflete, antes de mais nada, o modo de inserção de um coordenador de área do PIBID no próprio Programa e a maneira pela qual ele produz sentidos, se apropria e compartilha significados coletivamente mobilizados. Discute a formação de professores sob a perspectiva estratégica da iniciação à docência como eixo articulador e finalidade principal do PIBID. Sugere que o Programa agrega valores novos à formação implementada pelos cursos de licenciatura em ambiente universitário, tradicionalmente subordinados ao bacharelado, tais como a centralidade da reflexão sobre a prática e o horizonte da educação e do ensino escolar. Conclui pela multiplicidade de PIBIDs em face da diversidade de experiências formativas vinculadas às áreas de conhecimento.
SOCIOLOGIA NO ENSINO MÉDIO E O PIBID: BRINCANDO, PENSANDO E CONSTRUINDO PRÁTICAS EDUCATIVAS COM AUTONOMIA
Authors: Cristina Cruvello da Silveira Elisabete , Pereira Natália , Moura Wallace
Published: March 2018

O artigo tece reflexões sobre práticas educativas críticas no ensino de Sociologia no âmbito do PIBID. Conceitos como mediação didática e autonomia à luz dos aportes de Freire, Arroyo, Verhaege, Wolfs, Simon, Compère, Schwartz e Almeida serviram para captar as vivências realizadas na escola, bem como elabora-las conceitualmente. O uso de jogos didáticos e as vivências na semana da Consciência Negra representam os exemplos concretos das práticas educativas que criaram centros de interesse e chaves de leitura essenciais ao processo de transposição didática como prática epistemológica. Além disso, essas atividades assinalam a relevância do PIBID como campo concreto para elaborar novos dispositivos de aprendizagem e outras práticas educativas relevantes no ensino da Sociologia.
CRIANÇAS BICHAS DEMASIADAMENTE FABULOSAS
Authors: Rodrigues Alexsandro , Roseiro Steferson Zanoni , Zamboni Jésio , Brasileiro Castiel Vitorino , Santana Mariamma Fonseca
Published: March 2018

Trabalhando a vida bicha enquanto fábula, esse texto não apresenta objetivos bem definidos ou mesmo regras de leitura, mas, antes, apenas nuances de corpos e possibilidades de existência. Aqui é possível ler começando pelo meio ou por uma das extremidades, nada disso importa. Há três fábulas e um aviso por um leitor desavisado, e, em todas as partes, encontram-se bichas, corpos demoníacos, reinos fugidios e vidas comunitárias. Em uma das fábulas, é possível que o corpo seja arremetido a processos de vida poligâmicos e de políticas de amizade impensáveis no contexto da sociedade consumista-familiar; noutra, é a arte peralta endemoniada que importa como ponto de afeto; há, ainda, o convite à própria fabulação praticável com os corpos-criança que escapam de escafandros por desbotarem. Assim, portanto, a história não começa, mas é anunciada: algo se passa aqui e de nada importa. Serve apenas de convite à vida bicha demasiadamente fabulada.
DIÁLOGOS SOBRE ESCOLA E DIFERENÇA: UMA PERSPECTIVA INTERSECCIONAL SOBRE O COTIDIANO ESCOLAR
Authors: Silva Daniel Vieira
Published: March 2018

O presente trabalho pretende pensar os limites e possibilidades da escola no combate as violências (re)produzidas a partir de noções de diferença. Em meio a violências e resistências, o espaço escolar é colocado como lugar onde a teia do poder cria embaraços e caminhos. Utilizo como local de partida olhares trazidos por professoras que foram alunas do curso Gênero e Diversidade na Escola (GDE/UFRJ - 2014), levantando questões que desejam desafiar os olhares dicotômicos, que hora colocam a escola como espaço de manutenção e reprodução de opressões, hora como espaço de superação dos preconceitos e de possibilidade de construção de uma sociedade mais justa. Proponho que a escola seja tudo isso, em relações que se mostram complexas e contraditórias. Partimos dos relatos dessas professoras para analisar as relações de gênero e sexualidade, em diálogo com conceitos outros que também se debatem sob o guarda chuva da diversidade, tais como raça, classe e local de moradia, buscando compreender de que formas se articulam produzindo formas diversas de exclusão, marginalização, mas também de possibilidades e agências.
SOBRE ARTESANIA E CURRÍCULOS PENSADOSPRATICADOS: QUANDO TUDO FOGE A NORMA
Authors: Gonçalves Rafael Marques
Published: March 2018

A proposta deste artigo é apresentar parte de uma pesquisa de doutorado, que entende que, por meio de conversas, podemos aprender a compreender o cotidiano pesquisado. As ações investigativas são desenvolvidas na perspectiva das pesquisas no/do/com o cotidiano, lançando mão de conversas com um grupo de professoras, com as quais são buscados as diferentes formas de percebersentir as realidades sociais a partir de sua complexidade e dos inúmeros (des)encontros entre o falado, o percebido e o praticado. O recorte aqui realizado diz respeito à relação daquilo que as professoras fazem em seus cotidianos, ou seja, seus modos de fazer, e as propostas que as orientam, incluindo os materiais didáticos que recebem. Assim, ao compreender as bricolagens praticadas nos cotidianos das escolas, podemos perceber como os processos de criação curricular trazem à tona o uso das regras e produtos que foram dados para consumo das professoras inscritas como autoras, como criadoras de currículos pensadospraticados nas relações politicopráticas que tecem e atuam cotidianamente nos seus espaçostempos.
The Japanese registry for surgery of ischial pressure ulcers: STANDARDS-I
Authors: Yanagi Hideyuki , Terashi Hiroto , Takahashi Yoshimitsu , Okabe Katsuyuki , Tanaka Katsumi , Kimura Chu , Ohura Norihiko , Goto Takahiro , Hashimoto Ichiro , Noguchi Madoka , Sasayama Junichi , Shimada Kenichi , Sugai Ayumi , Tanba Mitsuko , Nakayama Takeo , Tsuboi Ryoji , Sugama Junko , Sanada Hiromi
Published: March 2018

Objective:

To clarify the surgical indications and the appropriate perioperative management of ischial pressure ulcers (PUs).

Method:

A two-year prospective, nationwide registry study was carried out across 26 medical institutions in Japan. All participating institutions managed ischial PUs according to the standardisation of total management and surgical application for the refractory decubitus (STANDARDS-I) perioperative protocol. Analysis was conducted on a range of clinically or statistically important variables for the achievement of primary or secondary endpoints: complete wound healing and hospital discharge at three months, and complete wound healing at one month after surgery, respectively.

Results:

A total of 59 patients took part in the study. All patients underwent surgery for ischial PUs during the study period. Patients who had achieved the primary endpoint had a higer preoperative functional independence measurement (FIM score), a higher ‘G’ score in the DESIGN-R scale and were more likely to have healed by primary intention. Patients who had achieved the secondary endpoint were more likely to have spastic paralysis, preoperative physiotherapy and localised infection of the wound, among other variables.

Conclusion:

This survey suggests that preoperative physiotherapy increases the speed of wound healing, and good granulation of the wound bed preoperatively increases the likelihood of woundless discharge from hospital, whereas the existence of comorbidities negatively influences the likelihood of woundless discharge from hospital. The study also suggests that the existence of spastic paralysis, preoperative infection of the wound, or surgical reduction of the ischial tubercle speeds up the healing of the wound. However, the wound failed to heal significantly more often in patients with increasing white blood cell count after surgery.
Can Global Elites Pave the Way for a New Transnational Unit of Account? A Reflection on the Numerical Nature of Money
Authors: Marc Pilkington
Published: March 2018

In this article, we investigate the issue of the dollar-based international monetary system. We start by listing the reasons why money has essentially become a numerical form in the contemporary world economy. After reviewing the salient characteristics of the flawed international monetary and financial architecture of the world economy, we assess whether a transnational unit of account could constitute a viable political alternative to the current international payments system. The latter scenario is envisaged both with regard to the field of international relations and with the help of a revisited definition of the transnational capitalist class.