bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ARABIC LANGUAGE IN GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS IN NIGERIA/ اللغة العربية في المدارس الحكومية والأهلية في نيجيريا
Authors: Ibraheem Lateef Onireti , Jami’u Aliyu Muhammad
Published: May 2019

Private and Public schools have contributed immensely to the growth and development of Arabic Language in Nigeria. Even though the method of teaching in the private Arabic school before the advent of the colonialism in Nigeria was informal, Arabic developed to the extent of being used to produce literary works. In the first quarter of the twentieth century, formal private Arabic schools, as well as the public ones, were established in the country. From then, especially after the independent of Nigeria, the situation of Arabic schools is changing for the better. That notwithstanding, these schools are still encountering problems. The aim of this study, therefore, was to examine the current situations of Arabic language and its problem and prospects in Nigerian private and public schools vis a vis its growth and development. The study concluded that while the case of Arabic in Private Schools in Nigeria is perfect, it appears dismal in public schools. It is therefore recommended that the governments’ recognition and support for Arabic schools and programmes and adequate review of Arabic curricula Arabic will attain the greater height in Nigeria.
Breastmilk Pumping for the Mental Health of the NICU Mother
Authors: Hollen Robin , Smith April G. , Smith-Gagen Julie
Published: May 2019

Objective

While much is known about breastfeeding and postpartum depression, little is known about breast milk pumping's impact on postpartum depression among mothers with infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Methods

Thirty-two mothers of infants admitted to a Level III NICU between February and July 2017 were screened for postpartum depression using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). They were also surveyed for current breastmilk pumping activities and demographic factors. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the associations between postpartum depression and breast milk pumping, adjusting for confounding variables.

Results

After controlling for confounding variables, mothers who did not pump breast milk (relative to mothers who did) were 11 times more likely to have lower EPDS depression scores indicative of probable postpartum depression (OR = 11.7, p-value .05).

Conclusions

Our results suggest a significant reduction in probable postpartum depression among NICU mothers who express breastmilk.
IMPLEMENTASI METODE USABILITY TESTING DENGAN SYSTEM USABILITY SCALE DALAM PENILAIAN WEBSITE RS SILOAM PALEMBANG
Authors: Huda Nurul
Published: May 2019

This research was conducted to find out how effective and efficient the Siloam Hospital Palembang website is located at www.siloamhospitals.com and can be accessed by all people to get faster information and updates and measure the satisfaction and convenience of website users for users. Website needs to be evaluated seen from the ease of learning, ease of use, using a questionnaire. The method used in satisfaction measurement can use the usability testing method and system usability scale. Measurements using the usability testing method are conducted to assess whether the interaction between users and applications can run well and the System Usability Scale has 10 statements as testing tools and does not require a large number of samples. The results of the assessment of the usability scale system will provide input for future website development to be even better.

Keywords: website, usability testing, system usability scale

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui seberapa efektif dan efisien nya website RS Siloam Palembang yang beralamat www.siloamhospitals.com dan dapat diakses oleh seluruh orang untuk mendapatkan informasi yang lebih cepat dan update serta mengukur kepuasan dan kemudahan pengguna website bagi pengguna. Website perlu dilakukan evaluasi dilihat dari kemudahan untuk dipelajari, kemudahan untuk digunakan, dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengukuran kepuasan dapat menggunakan metode usability testing dan system usability scale. Pengukuran dengan metode usability testing dilakukan untuk menilai apakah interaksi antara pengguna dengan aplikasi dapat berjalan dengan baik dan System Usability Scale mempunyai 10 pernyataan sebagai alat pengujian dan tidak memerlukan jumlah sampel yang banyak. Hasil dari penilaian system usability scale ini akan memberikan masukan untuk pengembangan website kedepan agar lebih baik lagi.

Kata kunci: website, usability testing, system usability scale
PEMODELAN SISTEM INFORMASI LAYANAN MASYARAKAT (SILAM) PADA KANTOR DESA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PELAYANAN
Authors: Pratama Eri Bayu , Hendini Ade
Published: May 2019

Tendance is a supporting aspect to provide satisfaction for the society. The issue of tendance is less than optimal and it makes the agency image unfavorable. It is sometimes not from the problems of agencies, but the problem is increasing of population. Regarding this matter, the government should be able to take advantage of current technology facilities to provide a service to be more optimal. For example the use of computer media to store the population data in computerized, without having to use media archives offline. Not only the use of computer media, but also can apply an information technology system as known as e-government. Regarding this the authors try to create and develop web-based applications to improve service to the society to optimize the performance of government agencies. The flow of the system process uses UML (Unified Modeling Language) for the modeling process and the creation of applications that are described in the form of diagrams. In general the results made from this application are for making letters such as making domicile letters, business licenses, marriage delivery letters, death certificates, and crowd permits.

Keywords: Country Office Tendance, E-Goverment, UML

Pelayanan merupakan suatu aspek pendukung untuk memberikan kepuasan bagi masyarakat. Isu yang terkadang mengenai pelayanan yang kurang optimal menjadikan citra instansi menjadi kurang baik. Hal tersebut terkadang bukan dari permasalahan instansi, akan tetapi timbul akibat semakin ramainya penduduk disuatu tempat sehingga data kependudukan menjadi banyak. Mengenai hal tersebut, pemerintah semestinya dapat memanfaatkan fasilitas teknologi saat ini untuk memberikan suatu pelayanan agar  lebih optimal. Contohnya penggunaan media komputer untuk menyimpan data penduduk secara terkomputerisasi, tanpa harus menggunakan media arsip secara offline. Tidak hanya sekedar memanfaatkan media komputer, tetapi juga dapat menerapkan suatu system teknologi informasi yang dikenal dengan istilah e-government. Mengenai hal tersebut penulis mencoba membuat dan mengembangkan aplikasi berbasis web untuk meningkatkan pelayanan kepada masyarakat sehingga mengoptimalkan kinerja dari instansi pemerintah. Alur proses sistem menggunakan UML (Unified Modeling Language) untuk proses pemodelan perancangan dan pembuatan aplikasi yang digambarkan dalam bentuk diagram. Secara umum hasil yang dibuat dari aplikasi ini adalah untuk pembuatan surat seperti pembuatan surat domisili, surat izin usaha, surat pengantar nikah, surat kematian, dan surat izin keramaian.

Kata kunci: Pelayanan Kantor Desa, E-Goverment, UML
PENGUKURAN TINGKAT KEMIRIPAN DOKUMEN BERBASIS CLUSTER
Authors: Santoso Ibnu , Suadaa Lya Hulliyyatus
Published: May 2019

Document similarity can be measured and used to discover other similar documents in a document collection (corpus). In a small corpus, measuring document similarity is not a problem. In a bigger corpus, comparing similarity rate between documents can be time consuming. A clustering method can be used to minimize number of document collection that has to be compared to a document to save time. This research is aimed to discover the effect of clustering technique in measuring document similarity and evaluate the performance. Corpus used was undergraduate thesis of Politeknik Statistika STIS students from year 2007-2016 as many as 2.049 documents. These documents were represented as bag of words model and clustered using k-means clustering method. Measurement of similarity used is Cosine similarity. From the simulation, clustering process for 3 clusters needs longer preparation time (17,32%) but resulting in faster query processing (77,88%) with accuracy of 0,98. Clustering process for 5 clusters needs longer preparation time (31,10%) but resulting in faster query processing (83,79%) with accuracy of 0,86. Clustering process for 7 clusters needs longer preparation time (45,10%) but resulting in faster query processing (85,30%) with accuracy of 0,98.
PENERAPAN METODE ALGORITMA ID3 UNTUK PREDIKSI DIAGNOSA GAGAL GINJAL KRONIS (STUDI KASUS: RSUD SEKARWANGI SUKABUMI)
Authors: Wajhillah Rusda
Published: May 2019

The Iterative Dichotomiser 3 (ID3) algorithm is part of the classification method and is a type of method that can map or separate two or more different classes. One of the problems that can be solved using algorithm ID3 is the prediction of the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease. Chronic kidney disease is a failure of kidney function to maintain metabolism and fluid and electrolyte balance. Based on the classification performance measurement from 230 data training shows that the accuracy value reaches 96,08%. It can be concluded that the method of ID3 Algorithm is feasible to be used in predictive data on chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Keywords: ID3 Algortihm, Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), Accuracy

Algoritma Iterative Dichotomiser 3 (ID3) adalah bagian dari metode klasifikasi dan merupakan jenis metode yang dapat memetakan atau memisahkan dua atau lebih class yang berbeda. Salah satu masalah yang dapat dipecahkan dengan menggunakan algoritma ID3 adalah prediksi diagnosa gagal ginjal kronis. Gagal ginjal kronis adalah kegagalan fungsi ginjal untuk mempertahankan metabolisme serta keseimbangan cairan dan elektrolit. Berdasarkan pengukuran kinerja klasifikasi dari data training 230 data menunjukkan bahwa nilai akurasi mencapai 96,08%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode Algoritma ID3 layak untuk digunakan pada penelitian prediksi data gagal ginjal kronis (GGK)

Kata Kunci: Algoritma ID3, Gagal Ginjal Kronis (GGK), Akurasi

 
Macrophages in bacterial lung diseases: phenotype and functions (review)
Authors: Churina E. G. , Sitnikova A. V. , Urazova O. I. , Chumakova S. P. , Vins M. V. , Beresneva A. E. , Novitskii V. V.
Published: May 2019

This literature review is devoted to the analysis of the role of macrophages in the immunopathogenesis of infectious lung diseases of bacterial etiology. The article summarizes information about the origin of macrophages, their phenotypic and functional heterogeneity. The mechanisms of impaired protective function of innate immunity are associated with the polarization of the program of maturation and activation of macrophages in the direction to tolerogenic or immunoregulatory cells with phenotype of M2. Alveolar macrophages perform a variety of functions (from pro-inflammatory to regenerative) in the development of inflammation in the respiratory organs. Their inherent plasticity suggests that the same macrophages can change their phenotype and function depending on the microenvironment in the inflammatory focus at different stages of the disease. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate macrophage plasticity will be an important step towards realizing the potential of personalized immunomodulatory therapy.
VEGF-and EGF-mediated cooperation of eosinophilic granulocytes and tumor cells in gastric and colon cancer
Authors: Kolobovnikova Yu. V. , Yankovich K. I. , Romanova E. V. , Dmitrieva A. I. , Urazova O. I. , Novitskii V. V. , Poletika V. S.
Published: May 2019

Aim of the research – to analyze secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) by blood eosinophilic granulocytes in vitro, together with an expression of VEGFR and EGFR in tumor tissue in gastric and colon cancer in association with tissue eosinophilia.

Materials and methods. A total of 52 patients with gastric cancer and 50 patients with colon cancer were examined. The material of the research included supernatants of eosinophil cultures and samples of malignant tumors tissues of the stomach and colon. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the contents of VEGF and EGF in the eosinophil culture supernatants in vitro. The expression of VEGFR and EGFR in tumor tissue was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The results were analyzed by statistical methods.

Results. An increase in basal and r-IL-5-induced secretion of VEGF by eosinophilic granulocytes of blood in vitro was found in patients with gastric cancer accompanied by tissue eosinophilia. The concentration of EGF in the culture of blood eosinophils in vitro with the addition of r-IL-5 increased in patients with eosinophilic infiltration of tumor tissue, regardless of the localization of the pathological process,both in patients with gastric cancer and colon cancer. Eosinophilic infiltration of the tumor tissue in gastric cancer and colon cancer was combined with hypo-expression of EGFR by tumor cells; VEGFR receptor expression was not dependent on the presence of eosinophilic granulocytes in the tissue of tumors.

Conclusion. Hypersecretion of vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF and epidermal growth factor EGF (upon stimulation with r-IL-5) by blood eosinophils in vitro in patients with gastric and colon cancer with tissue eosinophilia indicates an increase in the activity of these cells. Deficiency of expression of VEGF and EGFR receptors in tumor tissue causes violation of cooperative interaction of eosinophilic granulocytes and tumor cells in malignant tumors of the stomach and large intestine.
Neutrophil granulocytes: new faces of old acquaintances
Authors: Dolgushin I. I.
Published: May 2019

Over the past few decades, thanks to the use of new technologies, the spectrum of functional capabilities of neutrophil granulocytes has been significantly expanded. Their effector potential with respect to infectious agents, including phagocytosis, the production of active forms of oxygen and nitrogen, degranulation with the release of numerous enzymes and antimicrobial peptides, and the formation of extracellular traps were studied in detail. However, it has been found that many of the factors that neutrophils use to directly destroy pathogens have a regulating effect on other cells of the immune system and the neutrophils themselves. In addition, upon activation, neutrophils are capable of synthesizing a number of de novo biologically active molecules. Traditionally considered as inducers of an inflammatory reaction, neutrophils demonstrate the ability to simultaneously incorporate mechanisms that contribute to limiting and resolving inflammation. Ambivalent both helper and suppressor effects of neutrophils on cells of congenital and adaptive immunity testifies to their important immunoregulatory role both in homeostasis and various types of pathology, particularly in the development of malignant tumors.
Cytokines, reverse genetics and anti-cytokine therapy
Authors: Drutskaya M. S. , Gubernatorova E. O. , Gorshkova E. A. , Athertkhany K.-S. N. , Nosenko M. A. , Gogoleva V. S. , Namakanova O. A. , Zvartsev R. V. , Kruglov A. A. , Nedospasov S. A.
Published: May 2019

Cytokines comprise the molecular language of communication between the cells, which is needed to maintain the homeostatic functions of the body (including the immune system) and mediate various diseases. Many aspects of inflammation, autoimmune diseases and neoplasia are associated with cytokine signaling through specific receptors. The establishment of new physiological functions of “old” cytokines and understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of their involvement in disease pathogenesis, as well as the search for new therapeutic targets and development of innovative approaches to anti-cytokine therapy, present a fundamental problem. When assessing the tremendous success of anti-cytokine therapy in treatment of certain autoimmune diseases, we should not forget that (a) this treatment does not eliminate the causes of the disease:autoreactive T-cell clones; and that (b) less than half of the patients respond to this therapy; and that (c) anti-cytokine therapy has serious side effects.
Assessment of indicators of medical and biological monitoring of iodine deficiency diseases
Authors: Suplotova L. A. , Makarova O. B. , Kovalzhina L. S. , Sharuho G. V.
Published: May 2019

The problem of iodine deficiency remains relevant all over the world due to the widespread prevalence and the negative impact it has on human health in all agegroups. Iodine deficiency leads to a decrease in the intellectual potential of children, the development of reproductive disorders at a young age, as well as the formation of multinodular toxic goiter as the last stage of goiter transformation, accompanied by heart rhythm disturbances in middle and old age. The article covers the issues of monitoring iodine deficiency in the regions of Russia and provides data on the situation in the world on the development of future prevention programs and current prevention programs. A detailed analysis of each criterion for the severity of iodine deficiency and the effectiveness of preventive programs was carried out. Particular attention is paid to the criterion of neonatal hyperthyrotropinemia as a promising indicator for monitoring iodine deficiency.
Upland Lakes of the Carajás Region: Origin and Development through Time
Authors: Guimarães Tasso , Sahoo Prafulla , Souza-Filho Pedro Walfir M. , Silva Marcio , Rodrigues Tarcísio , Silva Edilson , Reis Luiza , Figueiredo Mariana , Lopes Karen , Batista Junior Wilson , Nascimento Junior Wilson R. , Moraes Aline , Leite Alessandro , Silva Junior Renato , Carreira Lea , Costa Vladimir , DallAgonl Roberto
Published: May 2019

Upland lakes (ULs) of the Carajás, southeastern Amazonia, have been intensively studied to their evolution during the Quaternary, as well as the development of the associated biota. In this review, several classical and modern approaches from structural geology to the pollen rain and sedimentary data which cover an area of around 41,300 km2 were compiled. Multi-elemental geochemistry indicates that the detrital sediments derived from weathered crusts and soils, while the sedimentary organic matter represent autochthonous (siliceous sponge spicules, algae, macrophytes) and allochthonous (C3 plants and freshwater DOC) sources. Modern pollen rain suggests that even small lakes and canga areas can reflect forest signal, which depends on the topographic control and prevailing wind direction on pollen deposition. Integrated data of the sedimentary cores indicate that the active lakes never dried up during the last 50 ka cal BP. However, subaerial exposure occurs on filled lakes such as ST02 Lake during the LGM, LB3 and R2 lakes at the mid-Holocene due to drier paleoclimate conditions. Considering the organic proxies, only LB3 Lake presents expansion of C4 canga (montane savanna) plants since ULs of the Serra da Bocaína does not present siderites. Siderite formation on ULs deposits also points to drier paleoenviromental conditions, interrupting predominantly wet conditions. However, there is no evidence for widespread expansion of savanna into Southeastern Amazonia during the late Pleistocene and Holocene.
The Carlisle Site (41WD46), a Middle Caddoan Occupation on the Sabine River, Wood County, Texas
Authors: Perttula Timothy K. , Skiles Bob D. , Yates Bonnie C.
Published: May 2019

The Carlisle site (41WD46) is located on the Sabine River near its confluence with Lake Fork Creek in the Upper Sabine River Basin. As defined by Perttula, the Upper Sabine River Basin includes the area from the headwaters of the Sabine River to the mouths of Cherokee Bayou and Hatley Creek at the western edge of the Sabine Uplift. Lake Fork Creek is one of several large south-southeastward flowing streams within the Upper Sabine River Basin. The town of Mineola is approximately 13 kilometers (km) west of the Carlisle site.

The site is situated at the tip of an upland projection overlooking the Sabine River floodplain, but extends into the floodplain to within ca 30 meters of the river bank. The Lake Fork Creek channel is approximately one km east of the site.

While the site was an improved pasture for many years prior to 1975 and to the present, it had been previously cultivated. In fact, this cultivation may have contributed to its initial identification in the early 1930s, as well as its subsequent partial burial. The upland sandy soils derive from the Queen City Formation, and these are highly susceptible to erosion and colluvial downwasting. Colluvial deposition seems to have been a prominent factor in the burial of cultural materials along valley margins and lower footslopes elsewhere in the Upper Sabine Basin, and the site's topographic position suggests that both alluvial and colluvial deposition is responsible for the burial of the floodplain cultural deposits at the Carlisle site.
Problems in the Preservation and Study of Archaeological Metals in East Texas
Authors: Blaine Jay C.
Published: May 2019

Dee Ann Story recently pointed out how little really is known about the archaeology of Texas Caddoan sites. Specifically, she notes how very few Caddoan sites have been systematically excavated and analyzed in Texas.

There has been some substantial effort in this direction recently as witnessed by the renewed investigations at the Sam Kaufman (Roitsch) site by the Texas Archeological Society and the Texas Historical Commission. However, it seems evident to some of us that while investigations of the prehistoric Caddoan archaeological data base has been less than adequate, our understanding of historic Caddoan groups remains even less satisfactory. In fact, archaeologically it is not yet possible to specifically and reliably identify many eighteenth century Indian sites in Eastern Texas as being affiliated with Caddoan peoples. Nor can we identify these Caddo from the many, more or less itinerant, candidates from among other tribes who may have paused and settled within known Caddoan tribal boundaries in historic times.
Archaeology, the Caddo Indian Tribe, and the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act
Authors: Carter Mary C.
Published: May 2019

Caddo leadership has a long history of working cooperatively with foreign governments. In the seventeenth century, they cooperated with Spanish officials and missionaries who wanted to establish themselves among the southern branch of Caddo tribes--the Hasinai in Northeast Texas. In the eighteenth century, they cooperated with the French who wanted to establish trading posts on the Red River among the Natchitoches and Kadohadacho. In the nineteenth century they cooperated with Americans to establish peaceful relationships with unfriendly tribe. For Caddos, the result of these cooperative efforts was disillusion, decimation, displacement, and finally dispossession. Now, with new hope in the twentieth century, Caddo leaders have again pledged cooperation. This time with agencies, institutions, and individuals affected by an act of the United States Congress: the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA). They do so with a desire to reach mutually satisfactory agreements for the return of some part of what was lost in previous time: respect for their dead and recognition that only living descendants have the right to possess cultural items that belonged to Caddo ancestors.
Analysis of Rowland Clark Site Corn
Authors: Blake Leonard
Published: May 2019

The carbonized com from the Rowland Clark site, Red River County, Texas was received from Gregory Perino, then of the Museum of the Red River, in March 1982. The analysis of the com is presented by feature, with remarks on the cobs as appropriate. Table 1 presents a summary by feature of the com cob analysis, while Table 2 compares the com from Rowland Clark with samples of com cobs from other well-studied Caddoan sites.
Human Skeletal Remains from the Tyson Site (41SY92)
Authors: Dockall Helen D.
Published: May 2019

During the 1993 field season at the Tyson site (41SY92), conducted by the East Texas and Northeast Texas Archaeological societies, two burial features were uncovered. These features contained the skeletal remains of three Caddo subadults, ranging in age from birth to one to two years. Burial 1 yielded the partial skeleton of a child less than two years old, as well as elements of a second, slightly younger, child. Burial 2 produced the remains of a well-preserved infant. This article describes the excavation and osteology protocols, a description of taphonomic conditions, inventory of these burials, demography, size of the subadults, their state of health, and cranial modification.
Limited Testing at the Bob Turbeville Site (41WD382), Wood County, Texas
Authors: Schroeder Eric A.
Published: May 2019

The Bob Turbeville site (41WD382) is an Early to Middle Caddoan period occupation on the upper Sabine River, likely a small farmstead or hamlet containing a trash midden and possible house areas. Previous work at the site had identified a human burial with associated grave goods. Radiocarbon analysis suggests that the occupation of the site dates to around A.D. 1165 to 1290.

Work at the Turbeville site was conducted in October 1995 by Paul Price Associates, Inc. under the auspices of the Antiquities Code of Texas in association with a proposed expansion of the existing wastewater treatment facilities at Mineola, Texas. The site is located just south of Mineola, along the slope and valley margin of a dissected landform that projects out above extensive Pleistocene terrace deposits of the Sabine River. Two unnamed tributaries bisect the terrace deposits to the east and west of the site.
A Radiocarbon Date from the Coker Mound (41CS1)
Authors: Perttula Timothy K. , Turner Mike , Nelson Bo
Published: May 2019

The Coker Mound (41CS1) on the Sulphur River is one of the more poorly known Caddoan mound sites in Northeast Texas. Recorded and tested by the University of Texas in 1932, the work done then at a conical mound at the site did not clearly establish either the function of the mound, its age, or its cultural affiliations with other prehistoric Caddoan groups in the region.
Historic European Trade Goods from the Willis Place #2 (41BW147) Site in Bowie County, Texas
Authors: Perttula Timothy K. , Blaine Jay C.
Published: May 2019

In this paper we report on possible historic European trade materials found at the Willis Place #2 site (41BW147), an aboriginal site along the Red River a few miles west of Texarkana, Texas. The possible trade materials were recovered in the 1970s by the landowner, Mr. Julian Cranfill, from a ''fire pit" (or hearth?) exposed during plowing of a natural levee a short distance from the current channel of the river.
Reconstruction of the Part Vegetation on the Headwaters of the Piney Creek Watershed in Houston and Trinity Counties, Texas
Authors: Hubbard Velicia R. , Jurney David H.
Published: May 2019

The National Forests and Grasslands of Texas began a project in 1994 for ecosystem management involving multiple disciplines in an holistic approach to resource inventories. We first began with an intensive archival study of the forest acquisition files and the General Land Office (GLO) files in an effort to identify the western limits of the longleaf pine at the time of initial Anglo-American settlement ca. 1850. Vegetation information was gleaned from this work along with an understanding of the historical occupation of the area, aided by plotting this information onto USGS 7.5' maps overlain by the historic Tobin landownership maps. We have since narrowed our focus from the mosaic of a broad area, to the headwaters of the Piney Creek watershed, an area rich in prehistory and history. Archeological survey has provided data for prehistoric occupations dating to the Early Ceramic period (ca. A.D. 500). More recent deed records, and subsequent landline surveys, have data on witness trees in the 1830s, 1860s, and 1890s, and then again after the Forest Service acquired the land in the 1930s, offering an opportunity to study specie composition over a 100 year period. This study on specie composition, tree density, and basal area, provides preliminary indications that fire suppression in the historic period significantly altered the forest composition.
The Caddoan Ceramics from the Gray's Pasture Site (41HS524), Harrison County, Texas
Authors: Perttula Timothy K. , Nelson Bo , Turner Mike
Published: May 2019

This paper discusses the Caddoan ceramics recovered during the 1992 Northeast Texas Archeological Society Field School at the Gray's Pasture site (41HS524) on Clark's Creek, a few miles south of Hallsville, Texas and about 2 miles from the Sabine River floodplain. During the course of the excavations, an extensive Caddoan settlement was documented on a series of knolls on a broad terrace landform overlooking the Clark's Creek floodplain, and each of those areas contains Caddoan ceramics. Most notably, a dense concentration of Caddoan ceramics, as well as two burials with whole ceramic vessels, was encountered in the northwestern part of the site, and the majority of the ceramics are from this area.

The four site areas include Areal (Unit 1) on a knoll at the northeastern part of the site, Area II on the terrace at the far eastern end of the site (Units 3 and 7), Area lll on the crest of the landform in the central and southwestern part of the site (Units 2, 5, and 6), and Area IV in the northwestern part of the site (Units 8, 8X, 10-16). Unit 4 belongs in Area III, and contained a number of sherds, but these artifacts are missing, except for one plain sherd. Unit 9, in the southeastern part of the site only had a few plain sherds.

A total of 2352 sherds and four vessels comprise the Caddoan ceramic assemblage from Gray's Pasture. This includes 1740 plain body and base sherds, 61 plain rims, and 551 decorated rim and body sherds. About 81% of the sherds are from ArealV, with 9.3% of the sherds from Area III.

There are 71 decorated rim sherds and 480 decorated body sherds (not including 11 red slipped sherds). The plain/decorated sherd ratio is 3.27 for the site as a whole, and ranges from 3.21 to 3.69 by site area. This is consistent with other pre-A.D. 1200 Caddoan sites in the Red, middle Sabine, and Neches-Angelina river basins, where such sites have plain/decorated sherd ratios that range between 2.97-4.80. Thirteenth and 14th century sites in these areas have plain/decorated sherd ratios of 1.30- 1.61, and Late Caddoan sites dating between ca. A.D. 1450--1650 have ratios of 0.56- 1.03. Through time, more Caddoan vessels are decorated, and vessels are more completely covered with decoration, rather than having the decoration confined primarily to the rim.
The Indian Springs #2 Site(41BW512): A Late 18th Century Kadahadacho Settlement in Northeast Texas
Authors: Perttula Timothy K.
Published: May 2019

The Indian Springs #2 site (41BW512) is on a high alluvial terrace or bluff edge (330 ft. amsl), overlooking the Red River floodplain and Hubbard Slough, an old channel of the river. The current channel of the river is ca. 1.6 km north of the site.

The site appears to be a late 18th century Kadohadacho settlement with a small cemetery, although there is evidence in the collections known to have come from it that it was also occupied in Archaic and Early Caddo times (ca. A.D. 900-1200) as well as in the early to mid-19'h century. The site was discovered by the landowner, Mr. Julian Cranfill during earth-moving activities associated with construction of a pond. When European glass beads were noted by Mr. Cranfill on the disturbed ground surface, he began a limited excavation of the area where the beads were found, attempting to ascertain their context and what other kinds of artifacts may be associated with them.

He excavated a circular area about 3-4 m in diameter along the eastern side of the bluff, on a small knoll. During this work, he documented three obvious cultural features and a dark charcoal-stained patch of burned soil that may represent remnants of a shallowly-buried burned structure.

Feature I and II are burials of Caddo people, and both had European glass beads and pottery vessels placed in the grave as funerary objects. Feature III is a pit that contained butchered hog jaws; it may be associated with the later 19tb century Anglo-American farm occupation also present at the site.

The Feature I burial pit was oriented east-west, and was the size of a child or subadult burial. The burial pit extended to ca. 66 em bs, and the bottom 2-5 em of the pit fill was a very dark soil. This soil is probably the product of firing episodes associated with Caddo burial ceremonies.

There was a large concentration of glass beads at the eastern end of the burial, probably from necklaces of beads that were worn by the deceased. More than 3000 beads came from this area, along with a few preserved teeth, and three ceramic vessels.

Feature II was a larger burial pit, probably that of an adult Caddo, oriented almost north-south. According to Mr. Cranfill, there were four ceramic vessels, more than 430 glass beads, and five triangular Fresno arrow points accompanying this individual.
Turquoise Pendant
Authors: Walters Mark
Published: May 2019

During excavations on Caney Creek in Wood County, Texas in the mid-1960s, a local collector found a turquoise pendant in a Caddo burial. In all, nine burials were uncovered in what appears to be a small family cemetery probably associated with an unknown near-by residential area. He designated the site Arnold Glenn #2, west side of Caney Creek and I more recently recorded the site as the Turquoise site (41WD586).

This collector located numerous sites, including residential sites, mounds, and cemeteries in the mid to upper regions of Caney Creek above the confluence of Caney and Lake Fork creeks. Several hundred artifacts resulted from this project that have been photographed and cataloged. Site forms have been filed on all the known sites.
Seriation Proposed by Kleinschmidt (1982: Table 19) of Allen Phase and Frankston Phase Sites in the Upper Neches River
Authors: Perttula Timothy K.
Published: May 2019

Kleinschmidt reviewed sherd and vessel collections from a number of Frankston phase (ca. A.D. 1400-1650) and Allen phase (ca. A.D. 1650-1800+) sites in the upper Neches River basin (Anderson, Cherokee, Henderson, and Smith counties) and developed a ceramic frequency seriation of those sites more than 25 years ago. That seriation is still useful today, or at least I find it so, because it does seem to provide a good measure of temporal changes in the kinds of decorated ceramic vessels used by these Caddo peoples, as well as a good measure of the direction of changes in ceramic decorative styles.
Documentation of a Collection of Archaeological Materials from the Millsey Williamson Site (41RK3), A Historic Nadaco Caddo Settlement
Authors: Perttula TImothy K. , Nelson Bo
Published: May 2019

The Millsey Williamson site (41RK3) is a well known historic 18th century Nadaco Caddo site on Martin Creek in Rusk County, Texas. It is one of a number of 18th and early 19th century Kinsloe phase sites in the middle Sabine River basin apparently affiliated with the Nadaco Caddo settlement of the region.

An unknown number of historic Nadaco Caddo burials have been excavated at the site over the years, especially along the western part of the terrace landform above Martin Creek, now marked by the Martin Lake shoreline. There has been intensive collecting activities at Millsey Williamson since Martin Lake was built more than 30 years ago. The collection we document here came from the shoreline in the general area of the other Nadaco Caddo burials reported from Millsey Williamson.
American Indian Pottery from Historic Period Sites in North Louisiana
Authors: Gregory H. F. , Avery George
Published: May 2019

The following is a revised version of a presentation given at the annual meeting of the Louisiana Archaeological Society (LAS) held in Monroe, Louisiana, on March 4, 2006. The goal of the LAS presentation was to simply show photographs and illustrations of American Indian pottery that dates to the historic period in North Louisiana. Most of the photographs and illustrations are from a manuscript written by H.F. "Pete" Gregory entitled Los Adaes (16NAJ6) American Indian Ceramics. This manuscript was compiled by George A very as part of the Los Adaes Station Archaeology Program, funded entirely by the Louisiana Division of Archaeology. The LAS presentation was given again at the December 2, 2006 meeting of the East Texas Caddo Research Group (ETCRG) at Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, Texas. Revisions to the LAS presentation for the current publication were made as a result of comments from the ETCRG meeting.
Analyzing the Arkansas River Caddoan Cultural Landscape
Authors: Brooks Robert L.
Published: May 2019

This paper examines the Arkansas River Caddoan cultural landscape through use of “architectural grammar”. Architectural grammar presents a mechanism to look at the practices of Arkansas River Caddoans as they construct their mound and residential places. Through this analysis, five different cultural landscapes were constructed: residential places, single mounds without residential occupation, single mounds with residential occupation, multiple mounds of the same construction type, and multiple mounds of different construction type. Further analysis of these places on the landscape suggest that rather than ordered hierarchy of centers, that the Caddoan cultural landscape represents an effort to build to a formalized template.
Documentation of Additional Vessels from the Johns Site (41CP12), Camp County, Texas
Authors: Perttula Timothy K. , Nelson Bo , Walters Mark
Published: May 2019

The Johns site (41CP12) is a Titus phase cemetery in the Prairie Creek valley in the Big Cypress Creek stream basin of the Northeast Texas Pineywoods. The Caddo artifacts from the site are from the Robert L. Turner, Jr. and Tommy John collections. Both men are current residents of Camp County, Texas.

total of 35 Late Caddo (ca. A.D. 1400-1680), Titus phase, burials were excavated between May 1966 and December 1984 at the Johns site. The first 19 burials were excavated by Tommy Johns and Robert L. Turner, Jr., and Johns continued to excavate burials at the site until 1984. No single map of the plan of the Johns site cemetery exists in the available notes, but enough information is provided to reconstruct the arrangement and extent of the burial interments. The burials occur in a number of east-west rows, with the head of the deceased oriented almost always to face to the west. The deceased were placed in long, narrow, and relatively deep burial pits in an extended supine position, with funerary offerings generally placed along both the sides of the body and at the feet. Funerary offerings consisted of ceramic vessels (3-16 vessels per burial), ceramic pipes, arrow points (usually in quivers), celts, smoothing stones, as well as scrapers and other chipped stone tools. All of the burials have ceramic vessel funerary offerings, but only a small proportion had either ceramic pipes (25.7% of the burials), arrow points (62.9% of the burials), celts (17.1% of the burials), or other stone tools (17.1% of the burials) placed in the burial pit.

In the summer of 2009, the Robert L. Turner, Jr. vessel and pipe collection and the Tommy Johns collection of vessels, pipes, celts, and arrow points were fully documented from the Johns site. A detailed description of each ceramic vessel or ceramic pipe was made for documentation purposes, accompanied by drawings appended to vessel documentation forms (on file, Archeological & Environmental Consultants, LLC files in Austin, Texas), where needed, of ceramic vessel decorative motifs or pipe morphology to supplement the artifact descriptions. Analysis notes and photographs were also obtained on the arrow points, celts, and other stone artifacts from a number of burials in the Johns collection.

A total of 277 ceramic vessels were documented in the Turner and Johns collections from the Johns site. Subsequent to the completion of the published report, Tommy Johns located six additional vessels from the Johns site cemetery in his collection, and these vessels were documented in January 2010. This article provides information on the six previously undocumented vessels from the Johns site, increasing the total number of vessels to 283.1

With the larger sample of 283 vessels, the vessels from the Johns site are dominated by engraved fine wares (68.1%). Utility wares comprise 25.5% of the ceramic vessel mortuary offerings, and plain wares another 6.4%.
Archaeological Findings from an Historic Caddo Site (41AN184) in Anderson County, Texas
Authors: Perttula Timothy K.
Published: May 2019

This article reports on the archaeological findings from a Historic Caddo site (41AN184)1 in the upper Neches River basin in Anderson County, in East Texas. The site was found in about 1960 by Ron Green (of Rockdale, Texas) when he was a teenager. In 2007, he donated the collection of artifacts to the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma, noting that “[n]othing can undo what has been done, but I know that the Caddo Nation will ensure these artifacts are given the proper respect and honor they would get no where else”. The artifacts donated by Mr. Green are from a late 17th to early 18th century Caddo site, and includes European trade goods (glass beads) as well as Caddo manufactured objects (including ceramic vessels and arrow points), which are rarely found on Caddo sites in the upper Neches River basin.
Selected Prehistoric Caddo Sites in the Upper Sabine River Basin of Northeast Texas
Authors: Perttula Timothy K. , Schniebs LeeAnna
Published: May 2019

Some years ago, I commented that the upper Sabine River basin in Northeast Texas had “a highly significant and diverse archaeological record, one that has intrigued professional and avocational archaeologists alike for at least 75 years." At the same time, I noted that “we still know very little about the prehistoric and early historic Caddoan groups who lived in the basin, and unfortunately it has been a number of years since dedicated archaeologists, professional or avocational, turned their attention to this region."

In this article, I present information on five different prehistoric Caddo sites in the upper Sabine River basin, specifically in Smith and Wood counties, Texas. What these five sites share besides the fact that they are prehistoric Caddo sites is that the findings from the archaeological work completed at them has not previously been made available to, or shared with, the archaeological community, despite the work having been done more than 20-30 years ago. Each of the five sites is important in its own right as a place where the prehistoric heritage of the Caddo peoples has been preserved, and together they help illuminate the native history of the Caddo in the upper Sabine River basin of their traditional homelands.
Documentation of Caddo Ceramic Vessel Sherds from the Shelby Site (41CP71) in the Vernon Holcomb Collection, Camp County, Texas
Authors: Perttula Timothy K.
Published: May 2019

The Shelby site (41CP71) is an important Late Caddo period, Titus phase, religious and political center on Greasy Creek in the Northeast Texas Pineywoods. The site, occupied from the 15th century A.D. until at least the late 17th century A.D., is a large and well-preserved settlement with abundant habitation features as well as plant and animal remains, evidence of mound building activities in the form of a 1.5 m high structural mound, and a large community cemetery with at least 119 burial pits and perhaps as many as 200. The Shelby site is the nexus of one of a number of Titus phase political communities in the Big Cypress Creek stream basin.

Nevertheless, very little is known archaeologically about the site—or the history of the Caddo’s settlement there—since almost all the work done at the site since it was discovered in 1979 has been by looters. Perttula and Nelson completed a limited amount of work in the village area in 2003, and Bob Turner and others worked in the 1.5 m high structural mound between 1985-1988, but an overall synthesis of the Caddo occupation at the Shelby site awaits more extensive professional archaeological investigations.

One key step in any professional archaeological work that may be forthcoming at the site includes the documentation of Caddo material culture remains, especially Caddo ceramics, that are known to have come from the site, as they provide a record of the temporal, functional, and stylistic range of the ceramic vessels used and discarded at the site, as well as evidence of interaction and contact between different but contemporaneous Caddo groups. In August 2009, I had an opportunity to document a collection of Caddo ceramic sherds held by Vernon Holcomb from the Shelby site. He collected these sherds from the surface of the site some 25-30 years ago where they had been eroded out of the banks of a dry or intermittent stream branch that drains north to Greasy Creek.
Archaeological Investigations Along James Bayou in Marion County, Texas and Caddo Parish, Louisiana
Authors: Perttula Timothy K. , Nelson Bo , McCrocklin Claude
Published: May 2019

This is a report on archaeological investigations conducted along James Bayou in Marion County, Texas, and Caddo Parish, Louisiana, between 1991- 1993. This work was done primarily by Claude McCrocklin (Shreveport, Louisiana) and a large group of volunteers, some from the Northeast Texas Archeological Society and others from the Northwest Chapter of the Louisiana Archaeological Society, assisted by Perttula and Nelson on occasion. With the permission of McCrocklin, we analyzed the recovered artifacts and available notes/records/ site reports to prepare this article summarizing the archaeological findings of the project.

James Bayou, also known as Coushatta Jim’s Bayou, Jim’s Bayou, and Jeems Bayou, is an eastward and southward-flowing tributary to Big Cypress Bayou and Caddo Lake. “On an upper portion of this bayou there was a small, deep lake formed by stream scour between bluffs that later came to be known as Monterey Lake. Before the 1800s, this was the only permanent lake in the region." Caddo Lake at its maximum extent may have reached elevations (although fluctuating) between 173-180 feet amsl, based on historic maps, studies of lacustrine deposits on the lake bed, and relict shorelines.

The main purpose of the archaeological investigations was to identify the location or locations of the early 19th century Caddo Indian village known to have been situated in the vicinity of James Bayou, at the upper end of what was then Caddo Lake. The archaeological investigations reported on herein began in the Monterey Lake area of James Bayou.

During the course of these archaeological investigations, a number of archaeological sites were located along James Bayou, and the findings from these sites are discussed below. “Several possible components of the [Caddo] village were located, but for one reason or another, no conclusive identifications could be made." McCrocklin, however, continued to periodically conduct archaeological survey and metal detecting investigations along James Bayou, and in 1998, he located several areas of an early 19th century Caddo archaeological site (41MR211) on the south side of James Bayou. The location and character of this site is consistent with the historical and archival sources concerning the James Bayou Caddo village, that being “on a bayou or creek… which is navigable for pirogues only, within about six miles of their village, and that only in the rainy season." This site in the recent archaeological literature has been identifi ed as the site of Timber Hill or Sha’chahdinnih, although other locations for that village south of Caddo Lake have been proposed by Tiller. The Texas Historical Commission conducted excavations at one area (Area 3) of 41MR211 in 1999.