bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low Cost Histogram Implementation for Image Processing using FPGA
Authors: Younis D B , Younis B MK
Published: March 2020

The solution for various applications of industrial programmed testing is image processing. In spite of this, if the contents of the image are not available in an appropriate format, even the most complex algorithms cannot extract the right information, via using a histogram, the image content can be easily processed. In this paper a histogram construction hardware that it can be able to create a histogram for different types of gray scale images of different sizes, is presented which gives accurately equivalent data as derived from a histogram plot using ISE simulator and MATLAB. By taking benefit of the high-level features of the Spartan3EXC3S500E FPGA architectures and Artix-7XC7A100T, the execution time for the proposed design is 156 times faster than MATLAB time for (16×16) pixel image size in XC3S500E and it is 6 in the worst case. Also, the execution time for the proposed design is 236 times faster than MATLAB time for (16×16) (16×16) pixel image size in XC7A100T and it is 8 in the worst case. The maximum frequency resulted and the maximum number of resources used in XC3S500E is 160.411 MHz, 45% respectively. While the maximum frequency resulted and the maximum number of resources used in XC7A100T is 216.685MHz, 59 %.
An improved Performance of Segmentation Evaluation Based on Feature Extraction using Kinect Sensors
Authors: Enad Mahmood H. , Aljanabi Mohanad , Latif Haider. K. , Abed Jameel Kaduim
Published: March 2020

Kinect sensor suggestions new viewpoints for the advance and application of inexpensive, portable and easy-to-use indication less motion capture skill. The goal of this work is to estimate accuracy of the Kinect cameras for full body motion investigation. This study developed an application that of using multiple depth and RGB Kinect sensors for that reasonable system that prepared with multi-depth of sensing was used in this work. Additional application confirmed the Kinect camera validity the evaluated of postural control and different images of biomedical for segmentation skin lesions. In this work, multi-depth assessment and segmentation are conjointly addressed using RGB input image under Median filter with post-processing. Compared with our algorithm outputs an organized-to-use highly suitable for creating 3D Kinect sensors with pre and post-processing steps. The multi-depth extracted image features have higher measurement and accuracy. The results are dealing out the depth and RGB picture with segmentation evaluation depend on feature extraction technique to enhance accuracy.
New Optical Fiber Biosensor Method for Glucose in Serum
Authors: Hammadi Ali M. , Humadi Abbas Fadhal , Mahmood Amal I.
Published: March 2020

This paper presents the design and analysis of optical fiber biological sensor to measure and monitor the glucose ratio in blood samples. Simulations are carried out using Optisystem software to determine the optical power and mode for each sample. The sensing was accomplished by design Mach-Zehnder interferometer with using multimode fibers. The cladding of these fibers is stripped out of the fiber part. In addition, the wavelength of the light source has to be absorbable by the glucose in order to be detected. As a result, the refractive index (RI) of different serum glucose level has increased linearly by increasing the serum glucose level while the parameters of the RI step and the output power decreased linearly by increasing the RI of different serum glucose level. This result can be concluded as a new method for serum glucose level assessment.
Minimum Power Allocation Cooperative Communication based on Health-Care WBAN
Authors: Hammood Dalal Abdulmohsin , Alkhayyat Ahmed , Rahim Hasliza A , Ahmad R. Badlishah
Published: March 2020

Energy is limited resource in the Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN). Finding optimal and minimum required transmission power that can achieve a certain level of utility while utilizing as little power for transmission as possible plays an important role in reducing energy consumption. In this paper, we found the required transmission power of four transmission modes: the direct transmission mode, the dual-hop transmission mode, and two incremental cooperative transmission modes with Rayleigh channel fading.
Modeling and Analysis of the Receiver Performance in External OFDM-RoF Network Using QAM Modulation
Authors: Ali Adnan Hussein , Rhaif Suhad Hasan
Published: March 2020

The use of optical-OFDM systems is mainly restricted by their limited dynamic range as a result of a high peak to average power ratio (PAPR) and nonlinear distortion (NLD). Radio-over-Fiber (RoF) systems are mainly deployed for light modulation and mm-wave signals transmission over fiber links. This paper evaluated the performance of RoF links with respect to their external modulation in a bid to highlight the challenges attributable to the various optical system components. The Mach-Zehnder Modulator (MZM) have been used in external modulation; it is a tested modulation scheme for quadrature amplitude modulation QAM (a vector modulation format) where signal subcarriers are generated using an OFDM scheme. Simulation results based on Optisystem 13 software exposes that the receiver performance of the optimum system for achieving has a better Bit Error Rate (BER) and three longest distance as 10, 50, 100 km for 16 QAM-OFDM-RoF system are reached by using optimum receiver launch power.
Specification parameters of WLAN performance with MatLab Simulink model of IEEE 802.11
Authors: Abid Faeza Abas , Al-azzawi Fatima Faydhe , Hadi Nooraldeen Raaoof
Published: March 2020

Wireless networks have gained popularity that are providing users flexibility and mobility in accessing information. The IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) standard has become the dominant architecture in practice. In this paper IEEE 802.11 standard implemented in MATLAB Simulink, where Allowing to modify beacon frame parameters such as beacon interval, SSID, supported rates, etc. Also include or exclude the CF parameter set element from the generated beacon frame, DBPSK and DQPSK modulation techniques of BER performance included in this paper to illustrate the performance of the model in AWGN and Rayleigh channels.
Effect of Surface Pretreatment on Hot Press Lap joining of High Density Polyethylene to Stainless Steel Alloy AISI 304L
Authors: Hamzah Mahmood Mohammed , Hussein Sabah Khammass
Published: March 2020

Hot press bounding technique was used to join a polyethylene sheet of 4mm thickness to stainless steel AISI 304L of 1mm thickness. Three different process parameters were used during the joining process: pressure of 4, 6, 8 and 10 bar, processing time of 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 min. and temperature of 115, 120, 125 and 130°C. The steel surface was treated with two methods: mechanical (scratch) and electrochemical (electro-polishing) treatment. A shear tensile, microstructure, scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometry tests were used to examine the joint specimens. The effect of process parameters on the joint properties was analyzed by the Minitab program. The scratched and electro-polished joint specimens exhibited a maximum shear force of 1112 and 1022N respectively. The tested joints were failed by an interfacial shear and necking in the polymer side with a ductile fracture. The joining process was occurred by a mechanical interlocking between the molten polymer and pores of the treated surface of steel specimen. The average thickness of the joining line for the scratched and electro-polished specimens was 5 and 4μm.
Analysis of fatigue properties in similar friction stir welding joints of aluminum alloy ( AA5086-H32 )
Authors: Abbass Muna K , Hussein Sabah Kh , Musaa Ahmed B
Published: March 2020

Similar aluminum alloys (AA5086-H32 with AA5086-H32) were welded by friction stir welding (FSW) using three different values of linear speeds; namely 50, 75 and 90 mm/min.and different and rotating speed namely 680, 920 and 1500 rpm. Tensile test was used to determine the joint efficiency of welded samples. The microstructure, hardness, tensile tests and fatigue properties were studied for the welded sample which gave the highest tensile strength. The fatigue test was carried out at a constant stress amplitude cantilever fully reversed( R=-1) in the stir zone of weld and nearby zone or region at a distance of 5, 10 and 15 mm from the welding line. The fracture fatigue surface was analyzed using SEM. It was found that the maximum joint efficiency of 80% was obtained at rotating speed of 680 RPM and linear speed of 75 mm/min. The maximum value of hardness was at the stir zone center of the weld and started to decrease away from it. Fatigue strength of the FSW welded samples was less than the parent or base alloy.
Experimental investigations of single-slope solar still integrated with a hollow rotating cylinder
Authors: Alwan Naseer T , Shcheklein S E , Ali Obed M
Published: March 2020

The main objective of the current study is to increase the productivity rate of conventional solar still by increasing the surface area of heat transfer in the evaporation section within solar still. Lightweight rotating hollow metal cylinder made of galvanized iron layer (0.06 cm thickness and diameter of 32 cm) with a length of 90 cm was used as evaporation section within the improved single slope solar still. The tests were carried out for 3 months (Jun, July and August) at the Ural Federal University of Yekaterinburg/Russia, the experimental results taken for a perfect day on 12 Jun 2019. The impact of different parameters on the productivity of freshwater has been investigated using the new improved solar still. Study results reveal that environmental factors such as the intensity of solar radiation, ambient temperature, relative humidity and wind speed have the greatest impact on freshwater productivity. The analyses of results show that the ratio of water productivity enhancement found to be about 161% than that of the conventional solar still over the long day period.
Theoretical and experimental modal analysis of circular cross-section shaft
Authors: Ameen Yahya Muhammed , Ali Jaafar Khalaf
Published: March 2020

Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) is very helpful in engineering design and manufacturing of machine components. In this paper, modal parameters which are natural frequencies, mode shapes and damping ratios are extracted for free-free boundary conditions circular shaft, using EMA, then two disks are added to this shaft as second case study. EMA has been verified as effective and accurate tool, despite of increasing geometrical complexity and nonlinear behaviour of the structure. The two well-known excitation techniques (i.e. impact hammer and shaker) are used for this purpose. For validation, natural frequencies and mode shapes are determined analytically and numerically by Finite Element Modelling (FEM) ANSYS 15 workbench software, and then compared with results obtained experimentally. Noticeable remarks about these approaches are listed. Coherence plots are compared between impact and shaker tests. Digital Signal Processing (DSP) settings like windows type and sample (record) time are compared. The recommended DSP settings mentioned in this work can be used as a general guidance for researchers and people who are working in modal analysis.
Microbial Corrosion Study Using Tafel Principles of Polarization
Authors: Noori Amer F. , Moustafa Nader M. , Hamid Katea L.
Published: March 2020

Microbial corrosion is studied and analyzed. Three metals were considered for the outgoing study, Aluminum, Al-7.975Si-3.45Mg alloy, Stainless Steel, AISI316, and Low Carbon Steel. The metals corrosion is considered by three types of water, distillated, tap, and lichen. Results of exposing the metal samples in three types for a specific time intervals were analyzed. Lichen water has shown the most corrosion effect due to Sulfate Reducing Bacteria (SRB). Weight loss, corrosion potential and current were measured and results illustrated that Aluminum has the most MIC resistance, 1.509mpy, then, stainless steel,2.38 mpy came in second and Carbon Steel 3.38 mpy. It has been noticed the increasing in potential negativity and in current in lichen water opposing to tap and distillate water.
Solving Assembly Production Line Balancing Problem Using Greedy Heuristic Method
Authors: Khlil S , Al-Khazraji H , Alabacy Z
Published: March 2020

This paper focuses on assembly line balancing (ALB) problem which the objective is to maximize the assembly line efficiency. The problem solved using a greedy heuristic method. MATLAB Software is used to perform the proposed greedy heuristic method. Then, the proposed method is applied to a previous real life case problem that is found in literature for the cookers assembly line in the Light Industrial Company in Iraq. The results of the proposed method is compared with the performance of the company without applying any assembly line balancing method. The result of this paper is also compared with the results obtained from a previous work in the literature which is based on Shortest Operation Time (SOT) using the software named Quantitative Methods, Production and Operations Management (POM-QM). The outcomes of the research have shown that the greedy heuristic method is more efficient, where the efficiency increased from 78.24% before applying assembly line balancing and 81.64% for the previous work based on SOT method to 85.53% when applying the greedy heuristic method. The research has recommended that the decision maker in the company should follow the most appropriate method to achieve a high efficiency operations.
Numerical Investigation on the Effect of Radiant floor panels configuration on Thermal comfort condition in Occupied zone
Authors: Kassim Muna S. , Abdulghafor Israa A.
Published: March 2020

Radiant floor heating panels of a room with different locations is modeled by using CFD. All cases is simulate by employing k-ε equation turbulence model. After validation of code, average room air temperature, vertical air temperature difference and velocity of room air are used to predict the thermal comfort conditions in the occupied zone. Effect of indoor room air temperature and radiant floor heating panel locations on thermal conditions in occupied zone is studied. The results present that both the indoor room air temperature and radiant floor heating panels locations have effect on thermal comfort conditions and at low indoor temperature the radiant floor heating panel is insufficient to achieve thermal comfort conditions but can be reduced heating load.
Experimental and Numerical Assessment of a Multi-Cylinder Engine Exhaust Manifold
Authors: Assi Wisam Nasser , Ali Mohammed A. N. , Allawee Aseim S.
Published: March 2020

This research presents an experimental and numerical analysis to examine the thermal loading of the exhaust manifold of a multi-cylinder gasoline engine operating under steady-state conditions. The local skin temperatures and surface heat fluxes variation are focused throughout the external surface of the exhaust manifold. A 3D modeling and simulation are employed in the numerical analysis using Solidworks software for modeling and ANSYS software for simulation. The generated numerical results are in good agreement with the measured exit gas temperatures and skin temperatures experimentally.
An experimental investigation on the effect of hybrid Nano fluid (Al+Al2O3/distilled water) on the thermal efficiency of evacuated tube solar collector
Authors: Salman Ahmed M. , Anead Hosham S. , Sultan Khalid F.
Published: March 2020

The objective of this research is to explore experimentally the impact of using (Al+Al2O3/distilled water hybrid Nano fluid) as the working fluid on the thermal efficiency of the evacuated tube solar collector with inner cylindrical coil within the vertical tank. The nanoparticles volume fraction was 1,3 and 5 % with the( 50 nm) dimension of nanoparticles. The performance of the evacuated tube solar collector (ETSC) utilizing (Al+Al2O3) hybrid Nano fluid and water was compared to the flow rate within the coil ranged from 15, 30 and 45 l/h.rm2. The results of the current research showed that the highest effectiveness of the solar collector 24.89% for mass flow rate of Nano fluid 45 l/hr.m2 and nanoparticles volume fraction of 5% vol. Findings show that (Al+ Al2O3) hybrid nanofluids could be utilized in an ETSC as working liquids to absorb heat from solar radiation and effectively transform solar energy into thermal energy.
Experimental study of the effect of impeller blades different shape on centrifugal pump performance
Authors: Jurmut Hasan Ali , Al-Hamadani Haider , Hashim Walaa Mousa
Published: March 2020

The influence of two different shapes impeller blades on performance of centrifugal water pump is experimentally investigated under different operational conditions. Test rig is designed and used to operate the required pump during different conditions. The centrifugal water pump is tested under different flow rate with two types of impellers each one consists different blades angle. The experimental results showed that the impeller blade different geometry could improve the water pump mechanical efficiency, the head, the power, and the volumetric efficiency by 11.7, 15.38, 24.2, and 12.9% respectively. The experimental results showed better centrifugal water pump performance when impeller blade with higher outlet angle is used.
Free vibration of isotropic plates with various cutout configurations using finite elements and design of experiments
Authors: Jadee Khudhayer J , Abed Balsam H. , Battawi Ali Adel
Published: March 2020

This work represents a finite element analysis of free vibration of isotropic plates with different cutout shapes, areas, locations and aspect ratios. Modal analysis was carried out using the ANSYS APDL software to evaluate the fundamental frequencies. ANSYS model was validated in the first stage and showed good agreement with the selected literature works. Furthermore, the selected cutout parameters were investigated to assess which parameter is more effective on the frequency. It is found that these parameters was overlapping, therefore Design of Experiments was conducted. Results revealed that the aspect ratio of the cutouts is the most significant factor on the fundamental frequency.
Numerical analysis for enhancing transferred heat in porous counter flow heat exchanger
Authors: Maid Isbeyeh W. , Hilal Kifah H. , Lafta Noor Samir
Published: March 2020

The numerical analysis is accomplished to simulate the heat transfer in double tube heat exchanger with and without porous media by utilizing ANSYS FLUENT 14.1. A geometry system is used to predict the heat transfers and pressure drop characteristics of the flow. Alumina (2.5mm diameter) as a porous media were added in to: inner tube (IP), outer tube (OP) and both tube of heat exchanger (IOP) were tested with the variation of hot and cold fluid inlet temperature, mass flow rate ratio (mr) to evaluate their influence on effectiveness of heat exchanger, Nusselt number, number of heat transfer unit. The evaluating has been performed in the steady-state. Water was used as a working fluid in a double tube heat exchanger. The study was conducted at the hot and cold water mass flow rates between ( 0.0166 - 0.0833kg / s), ( 0.05-0.116 kg/s) respectively. The inlet temperatures of cold and hot water were (20, 25 °C), (47, 55 °C) respectively. Noted from results that adding pad of porous increases effectiveness of the heat exchanger and the increasing rate of transferring heat as mass flow rate ratio increases and the highest value are obtained when alumina is in double pipe. Effectiveness decreases with increase in mass flow rate ratio but increases when using alumina as a porous media and the better value is obtained when alumina is in IOP, IP, OP and NP respectively. Effectiveness increased as the NTU increases.
Synthesis of Chitosan-Silica Nanocomposite for Removal of Methyl Orange from Water: Composite Characterization and Adsorption Performance
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed I. , Ismael Mustafa K. , Gönen Mehmet
Published: March 2020

Commercial chitosan (CH) was compositing with nanosilica prepared by the sol-gel method and was applied as an adsorbent for removal of Methyl-Orange (MO) dye from wastewater. Chitosan-Silica (CHS) was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and BET. The adsorption capacity of MO on CHS reached maximum 7.0mg.g−1 on pH range 2.5 to 5, at equilibrium time 20 min. The effects of parameters, such as contact time, the adsorbent dosage of adsorbent, initial dye concentration on the removal of MO dye were examined. In general, the short time of MO dye removal, high adsorption capacity high, and dispensability in water, easy to remove by filtration suggests that CHS possesses high potential application for removal of MO from water, and can be considered as an eco-friendly adsorbent in water treatment processes.
Experimental and Numerical Analyses of Different Boundaries Conditions on Composite Spherical Shell Cup by using APDL programmed
Authors: Al-Shamma Fathi A. , Kassab Ban Hussein
Published: March 2020

Many researches have been done to obtain the factors that affect the value of the natural frequency for composite shell. The free vibration of composite spherical shell cap under impact loading is investigated in this study. The analysis is carried out theoretically using the higher-order shear deformation theory for composite spherical shell under impact loading, the results obtained was compared with numerical analysis using APDL program in the ANSYS software and experimentally using the hummer impact testing system and sigview program. The effects of radius of curvature, Thickness and boundary conditions (built in, quarter built in (arc), simply supported) on the basic frequency of orthotropic composite spherical shell cap have been investigated. The results show the dynamic characteristic it must be seen the rate of decreasing or increasing in the natural frequency of the composite material to take into consideration the effect of duration of impact loading on the dynamic properties of spherical composite shell. Selective composite material and its composition are 50% (0-90) woven fiber glass and 50% polyester resin.
Improved Prosthetic Hand Control with Synchronous Use of Voice Recognition and Inertial Measurements
Authors: Alkhafaf Omer Saad , Wali Mousa K. , Al-Timemy Ali H.
Published: March 2020

Voice control is one of the easiest means of interacting with machines, as no extra effort is required to generate a control signal. In addition, voice control is more intuitive than other control methods. Many studies use voice recognition to control medical devices and hand prostheses in real-time, but its use has some limitations. Furthermore, some studies take advantage of inertial measurement of the body organ to control the hand prostheses. By reviewing the advantages and limitations for each control method faces, a new synchronised control system proposed, that combines voice recognition and inertial measurement based on three combination strategies to render the prosthetic hand more dexterous, feasible, and easy to use. Five participants tested the control system based on the combination strategies to perform simple and complex prosthetic hand movements. The results showed that voice recognition had about 99% accuracy and rapid response time. Moreover, the inertial measurement control system improved the accuracy of the system, increased the degrees of freedom, and made the use of the prosthetic hand easier and more feasible.
Analysing and Distinguishing Images of Failed Skin Cancer using Modern Swarm Intelligent Techniques(MSITs)
Authors: Aljanabi Mohanad , Abed Jameel Kaduim , Ali Mohammed Sabah , Jasim Jasim Mohmed , alani Nadia
Published: March 2020

One of the damaging diseases among people in the world is skin cancer. Skin cancer leftovers an important scientific, clinical and public task. Swarm intelligence techniques (SITs) are new, improved and modern methods for optimization algorithms. Failure of detection in skin cancer images can be seen in SITs. This work proposes an efficient image and examines for some samples in this disease. The study presents a simple technique for a pre-processing and an automatic detection of SITs to make the needed analysis. This paper estimated all these various models using the PH2, Dermis, ISIC (2016, 2017, 2018) segmentation challenge dataset. The input images are improved for better processing than, the lesion sampling is segmented from the improved image by using Otsu thresholding and median filter operations. In the earlier studies, skin cancer is analyzed by means of several optimization algorithms. Now, the outcomes of the above algorithms were compared with the dice coefficient and it was demonstrated that the value of 97.35% which is nearer to manual segmentation. The accuracy the value of 98.58% when used for solving the same problem. To this end, a somewhat comprehensive analysis was showed to compare the effectiveness of many parameters’ combinations.
Wheelchair Control System based on Gyroscope of Wearable Tool for the Disabled
Authors: Jameel Huda Farooq , Mohammed Salim Latif , Gharghan Sadik Kamel
Published: March 2020

A wheelchair control system based on Gyroscope of wearable tool can serve the disabled, especially in helping them move freely. The recent evolution of new technology means that unassisted, free movement has become possible. For this purpose, human–machine interface hands-free command of an electric-powered wheelchair can be achieved. In this paper, an electroencephalogram instrument, namely the EMOTIV Insight, was implemented in a human–computer interface to acquire the user’s head motion signals. The system can be operated based on the user’s head motions to carry out motion orders and control the motor of the wheelchair. The proposed system consists of an EMOTIV Insight brain-based gyroscope to sense head tilt, a DC motor driver to control wheelchair speed and directions, an eclectic-powered wheelchair, microcontroller, and laptop. We implemented the system in practice and tested it on smooth and rough surfaces in indoor/outdoor settings. The experimental results were greatly encouraging: disabled users were able to drive the wheelchair without any limitations. We obtained a significant average response time of 2 seconds. In addition, the system had accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 99%, 99.16%, and 98.83%, respectively.
UWB Pentagonal Shaped Fractal Patch Antenna for Wireless Capsule Endoscopy
Authors: Nizar Hammed Mayss Alreem , Fayadh Rashid Ali , Farhan Hamid Mohammed
Published: March 2020

The capsule endoscopy device is one of the most important devices that have been invented recently because of its importance in facilitating the process of imaging the digestive system. The process of developing and improving the transmitter in the capsule is one of the most important things to improve images and accelerate the process of imaging. Microstrip antenna will be used because it has several benefits such as small size, ease of manufacture and low cost. In this paper, the microstrip antenna was designed with ultra-wideband technology (UWB) by using fractal geometry. The proposed antenna has a return loss of -25.1 at 5.45 GHz and VSWR of 1.13. Also, the radiation patterns are Omni-directional radiations over the UWB bandwidth.
Real Time Pacemaker Patient Monitoring System Based on Internet of Things
Authors: Abdul-jabbar Hassnaa Mustafa , Abed Jameel Kadhim
Published: March 2020

Daily, the Internet of things is becoming increasingly popular in the field of remote monitoring as well as the increasing number of patients with cardiac pacemakers, especially those who need a pacemaker. In this research, a new method of monitoring ECG has been developed for patients who are implanting pacemakers. the develop system is the ability to transfer of the display screen that exist in the special website (www.thinger.io) by using the Wi-Fi protocol, Also, helping them to transmit their data over long distances and different places in real time depending on Internet objects (IoT). The system helps to transfer the ECG, temperature and the detector of magnetic field across the website to solve the problem of the inability of the doctor to monitor the patient from home continuously, as well as in the case of a doctor in another country. In the end of paper the system will be reliable to display ECG data with 70 beats, temperature with 37.12c and warning in the form of light if a magnetic field comes near the system, which can help facilitate patient follow up after implantation of the pacemaker.
Free Battery-based Energy Harvesting Techniques for Medical Devices
Authors: Mahmood Mustafa F. , Mohammed Saleem Lateef , Gharghan Sadik Kamel
Published: March 2020

Many wearables or portable medical devices have limited battery energy. Such batteries cannot operate for a long time and require recharging or periodic replacement. A piezoelectric transducer (PZT), ultrasonic sensor (USS), and magnetic resonator coupling (MRC) are potential technologies for solving this problem, being promising technologies that can be used to generate free power for low-power medical applications. The USS and MRC optimize transfer power, efficiency, and distance between the transmitter and receiver. These three technologies can generate power to wearable and implantable medical devices (IMDs). To validate the proposed PZT, USS, and MRC, we supplied electromyography (EMG) sensor, a heart rate sensor, and oxygen saturation (SpO2) sensor with adequate power to measure the subject’s muscle activity, heart rate (beats per minute, bpm), and SpO2 rate, respectively. The proposed system consists of four parts: power system, measurement part, wireless transmitter, and monitoring part. We found that 5 V could be used for charging 0.25, 0.33, 0.5, and 1 Farad supercapacitors based on the PZT at duration. Furthermore, the 0.25 F supercapacitor was fully charged in 41 min; compared with previous closed-circuit studies, it achieved high power of 197 μW at resistive load 15 kΩ. In addition, USS-based transfer efficiencies and powers could be used with 1, 4, and 8 F supercapacitors. The system had transfer efficiency and power of 69.4% and 0.318 mW, respectively, at 4 cm when 4 F was adopted. Furthermore, the MRC system had transfer efficiency and power of 21.14% and 2.079 W, respectively, at 7 cm at resistive load 70 Ω. Our results show that the PZT, MRC, and USS in the present study outperformed previous works in terms of power generation, transfer power, and efficiency.
An Elderly First Aid System Based-Fall Detection and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Authors: Fakhrulddin Saif Saad , Gharghan Sadik Kamel
Published: March 2020

A first-aid system is proposed for monitoring elderly patients who risk falling based on fall detection system (FDs) and for providing the first aid kit from an emergency call centre (ECC) to them by using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). In previous studies, the measurement accuracy of falls and heart rate was not sufficiently accurate. In addition, determination of UAV delivery time is also crucial and can save lives. In this work, the proposed system aims to determine patient falls and accurately measure heart rate and reduce UAV delivery time to patients. The FDs was practically implemented based on heartbeat and accelerometer sensors, a microcontroller, a GSM module, and GPS. While, a UAV, a first aid kit, and Smartphone were adopted in an ECC. Falls were accurately detected based on elderly fall detection (EFD) algorithm. The result showed that the proposed FDs was succeeded in monitoring elderly patients’ vital signs with a fall detection accuracy of 99.11%. In addition, the UAV succeeded in all missions and arrived at the patient’s locations before the ambulance in urban areas, with an average time saving of 1.75 min. The proposed elderly first aid system outperformed previous systems presented in terms of fall detection and UAV arrival time.
A review ABCDE Evaluated the Model for Decision by Dermatologists for Skin Lesions using Bee Colony
Authors: Aljanabi Mohanad , Enad Mahmood H. , Chyad Radhi Muhssin , Jumaa Fadhel A. , Mosheer Ahmed Daud , ali Altohafi Alaa Sami
Published: March 2020

Systematic self-skin check-ups for patients have been exposed to reduce the deepness of skin lesions at the time of analysis and simplify a lower hazard of stages of skin cancer when joined with normal visits with a doctor of medicine. Images of skin lesions are also taken with a camera or introduced from public databases. Loading investigational outcomes within a robust databases set-up, which is broadly maintained by study tools, affords supplementary-edibility and agrees various examination tools to the admission databases in the same effective style, because of above-mentioned hurdles, the automation of lesion border detection in dermoscopy are required. To solve this problem, this paper developed ABCDE skin lesions boundary technique with a healthy control pointer function, which is based on colony bees’ scheme (ABC method). The estimated performance parameters and calculation times are equivalent or improved than above-mentioned approaches. This all-ABCDE application is planned to be informal navigate for the end user, which is imperious for the final democratization of such medical diagnostic classifications. The resulting segmentations that can be used as an input to test the skin lesions are benign, suspicions and melanoma classification system.
Design and Implementation of Breathing Rate Measurement SystemBased on Accelerometer Sensor
Authors: Shabeeb Ali Ghazi , Al-Askery Ali J , Humadi Abbas Fadhal
Published: March 2020

Respiratory rate is considered as an important factor in analyzing disease disorders, such as sleeping disorders and other respiratory illness. Researchers have considered the detection of respiration presence, however, calculating the respiration rate as an assessment factor to the respiratory disorders was not fully utilized. According to that, detecting the abnormality in the respiration rate will not be possible due to ignoring this important parameter. In this paper, developing a virtual instrument in laboratory virtual instrument engineering workbench (LabVIEW) by using an accelerometer sensor was mandatory. Accelerometer sensors are attached to the chest and abdominal wall to collect the respiration data while breathing. Then, without losing the measured signals, a converter is used to achieve a measured waveform from the collected signals, and by using a threshold level detector, the abnormality for each case can be detected and saved with the measured data on an Excel sheet. The proposed system provides the possibility of observing the breathing rate by monitoring the patients continuously for long time and concerns to the patient recording comfort with data storing possibility and with the possibility of calculating the breath to breath interval.
Enhancing the Prediction Accuracy for Cardiotocography (CTG) using Firefly Algorithm and Naive Bayesian Classifier
Authors: Ali Kadhim Noora Jamal , Kadhim Abed Jameel
Published: March 2020

Recently, there is a huge amount of data accessible in the field of medicine that enables physicians diagnose diseases when analyzed. Data mining technology can be used to obtain knowledge from these medical data in order to make disease prediction accurate and easier. In this study, cardiotocography (CTG) data is analyzed using an integrated Naive Bayesian classifier nbc with firefly algorithm. Firefly algorithm is suggested to find the most relevant subset of features, which maximize the performance accuracy of nbc and minimize the time required for classification process. It was discovered that the nbc was capable of defining the Normal, Suspicious and Pathological state of the type of the CTG data with very good classification accuracy. the proposed method achieved accuracy with (86.547%).
Localization Techniques for Blind People in Outdoor/Indoor Environments: Review
Authors: Al-kafaji Rasha Diaa , Gharghan Sadik Kamel , Mahdi Siraj Qays
Published: March 2020

One of the major challenges frequently encountered by blind people is an inability to determine their location accurately in unfamiliar outdoor and indoor environments. Localization accuracy in indoor environments and energy consumption are two of the major problems facing the localization systems. Numerous outdoor/indoor localization methods have been proposed with a view to solving this problem. A review of the published research, giving an overview of recent developments and applications of pervasive localization systems for blind people, is presented in this paper. In addition, the review highlights a number of experiments involving the deployment and operation of localization systems. The research considered in this review includes current prototypes, experimental studies, and employed algorithms over the period from 2014 to 2019. The paper identifies 29 articles describing 29 different systems which aim to improve the lifestyle of blind people. For each system, the type of implementation, type of wireless network, and employed algorithms are detailed and their problems, solutions, limitations, and gaps are highlighted. A new system is proposed to tackle the shortcomings of the existing solutions found in previous work. Thus, an integrated easy, flexible, wearable, low power consumption, and high localization accuracy system can be obtained.
Investigation of Cochlea Response Based Signal Processing
Authors: Alhialy Azza , Alazawi Aws , Hussain Mohammed , Alobaidy Maha
Published: March 2020

An efficiency of cochlea has a significant contribution in a quality of human hearing and in a language development of newborn. The efficiency of cochlea clinically measured using Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission (DPOAE). The measurement mainly restricted by acoustic interferences that disrupt response estimation. The disrupted estimation gives rise to repetition in measurement for many times or probably inaccurate efficiency assessment. In this study, investigation of cochlea response estimation was considered based on signal processing (SP), which was regarded as preliminary step toward interference reduction. An in-vivo measurement was performed on a left ear of 36 years old female with normal hearing, where cochlea stimulation and response recording was conducted using personal computer sound card in conjunction of sensitive probe system of ER-10C. The response signals were recorded and then analyzed off-line using SP of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Band Pass-Finite Impulse Response (BP-FIR) filter. Results show that DPOAE frequency components can be extracted using proposed SP method at interference-free situation, where BP-FIR parameters of bandwidth 50Hz-200Hz and order 32-2048 have to be adjusted based on stimulation parameters. The findings dedicate useful investigated parameters for real-time implementation, and for further SP development at interference situation.
Ultrasound Elasticity Imaging Based Multilevel Estimation Using Radiofrequency Data
Authors: Al-jader Ali R.H. , Alazawi Aws , Farhan Mazin N.
Published: March 2020

An ultrasound elastography introduced to differentiate hard tumor inclusion embedded in soft tissue background based on similarity measurement of before and after deformation. In this study, freehand elastography has considered to localize hard inclusion embedded in soft tissue of phantom breast, where deformation generated by applying gentile compression using probe physical surface of ultrasound machine. Radiofrequency data of before and after deformation acquired and then processed off-line. A non-ability of refinement operation to regularize displacement estimation outliers at correlation window length of 2λ is addressed, where a multilevel processing algorithm has proposed to reinforce refinement operation by producing smooth elastography. In the first level of the processing, displacement field has estimated at correlation window length of 3λ, where global stretching as re-correlation operation and refinement operation as spatial regulation are included. While at second level, production of displacement estimation outliers at correlation window length of 2λ are regularized based on replacement of estimated cells with that interpolated one at first level. Results show an ability of multilevel algorithm to cope the issues that encountered previously proposed algorithm of refinement on estimation outlier free displacement field at an axial resolution of 2λ, and produces differential strain field.
Modeling the Flexural Performance of Reinforced Concrete Built-up Beams
Authors: Mohammed Ghazwan K. , Sarsam Kaiss F. , Korkess Iqbal N.
Published: March 2020

Finite element modeling is used for tracking the flexural response of built-up reinforced concrete beams under the influence of dominant flexural loading. ABAQUS finite element analysis program was used toward this goal, due to its superior capability to represent the mechanical properties of concrete including compressive and tensile strength in strain hardening and softening behaviors; and the features related to steel reinforcement rebar. This study is based on the comparison between the theoretical analysis by the finite element method and the experimental results. The experimental program consists of casting and testing six rectangular cross-sections of simply supported reinforced concrete beams. Two beams are cast as a reference which fully Conventional Concrete (CC) and Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC), the rest four were built-up beams made by the combination of two types of concrete in one element. The study deals with, the load which caused a first crack, ultimate carrying capacity, load and deflection behavior at mid-span of beams, cracks patterns, and damage index of the examined beams. Good agreement was gained with the available experimental results that show the effectiveness of the finite element method for simulating the flexural performance of beams.
Mechanical Properties, Energy Impact Capacity and Bond Resistance of concrete incorporating waste glass powder
Authors: Ubeid Hassan S , Hama Sheelan Mahmoud , Mahmoud Akram Shakir
Published: March 2020

The present study is investigated about effect of glass waste as powder as partial replacement of cement in some properties of concrete. These properties included compressive strength, splitting and flexural tensile strengths, impact resistance and bond strength. The effect of glass as powder was examined by compared to control specimens without glass powder replacement. Three percentage were tested: 0%(control), 10 and 15%. Results showed that using glass powder improved properties of concrete under different type of loading. Compressive strength increased by 26.34% and 22% when compared it with control mix for 10% and 15% glass powder, respectively. While splitting tensile strength increased by 23.5% and 28.7% more than control mix for 10% and 15% glass powder, respectively. And modulus of rupture increased by 17% and 10% for 10% and 15% glass powder, respectively. The impact resistance of mixes 10% and 15% of glass powder were increased by 14.3% and 4.76 % in compression with control mix, respectively. Finally glass powder also improve bond strength where the ultimate bond strength increased by 4.7% and 6.2% for 10% and 15% glass powder respectively. Then the utilization of waste glass as powder in concrete reduced amount of cement and improved its resistance to load.
Demographic differences in the travel Behaviour: Case Study of regional route in Iraq
Authors: Al-Taweel Hayder Mohammed , Al-Bdairi Ahmed Shaker , Al-Ridha Ahmed S. D. , Yousif M. Yousif
Published: March 2020

Objective: The aim of this work is to the relation between age, and gender and choosing a certain mode of transport to travel between two main Iraqi cites.

Methods: a statistical method, T-test, is used to distinguish between these parameters.

Data: Infield survey data was collected using questionnaire.

Results: the results indicate that passengers are differentiated in terms of age, and gender. For instance

1-As age of male traveler increased, participants were more likely to travel by train than other mode of transport.

2-As age of female traveler increased, participants were more likely to travel by small vehicles than other mode of transport.
Innovative Steel Connections with Composites Steel Bolts/Rubber Subjected to Horizontal/Inclined Cyclic Loads
Authors: Ali Suhaib J , Ibrahim Amer M. , Shafeeq Sarmad
Published: March 2020

Shear tab connections are some of the most and simplest connections are used on steel constriction. The behavior of shear tabs under conventional loads are studied, but, the behavior of shear tabs become complex under companied loads axial and shear forces and moment. The connection should be sufficient ductile rotation to resist the unexpected force when the structures are exposed such as earthquake or wind load. The aim of this study is tested six steel portal frames. Three specimens are tested under horizontal cyclic load-quasi static load and other three specimens are verified under inclined cyclic load – quasi-static load. The connections of specimens are developed by using composites steel bolt/rubber are instead of conventional steel bolts for bolted the shear tab connections at the web of the beam. The composite steel bolts/rubber with different diameters are made of steel bolts covered by rubber taken from the old and wasted tires. Enhanced in the steel connections were cleared by increasing the resistance of these steel frames during the test as well as the tests are investigated that the effect of the inclined cyclic load is more influential than horizontal cyclic load.