bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial Effectiveness of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Leaves to Escherichia coli pBR322
Authors: Mere Janrigo Klaumegio , Bintang Maria , Safithri Mega
Published: August 2024

Bacterial resistance is a serious problem that until now still has become a global problem. The search for new antibacterial compounds is needed to overcome this problem. Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels is a plant known to contain bioactive compounds that can be used as an antibacterial agent. This study aims to explore the leaves of this plant as an antibacterial against Escherichia coli pBR322 resistant bacteria. Based on the antibacterial test results, extracts and leaf fractions of this plant can inhibit bacterial growth. Ethyl acetate fraction at a concentration of 800 ppm showed strong antibacterial activity with an inhibition zone diameter of 10.36Â±0.02 mm followed by ethanol extract and other fractions, namely 8.43Â±0.01 mm (ethanol extract), 7.24Â±0.01 mm (water fraction), and 1.45Â±0.01 mm (n-hexane fraction). The results of spectrophotometric MIC determination also showed inhibition against bacterial growth, which was marked by a decrease in the absorbance value at the lowest antibacterial concentration of 600 ppm from 0.454 to 0.070 at wavenumber 600 nm after 24 hours of incubation. The decrease in the absorbance value indicated that the antibacterial properties of the plant leaves at this concentration were effective in inhibiting bacterial growth.
Загальні підходи до формування основних вимог до безпілотних авіаційних систем з відкритою архітектурою
Authors: Малюга В. Г. , Грідіна В. В.
Published: August 2024

У статті на підставі аналізу досвіду застосування безпілотної авіації протиборчих сторін в російсько-українській війні визначено перелік основних завдань, які можуть вирішуватися із застосуванням існуючих та перспективних безпілотних авіаційних систем та комплексів. Встановлено, що при побудові безпілотних авіаційних систем з відкритою архітектурою поряд з класичними принципами доцільним є застосування принципів побудови мережецентричної організаційно-технічної системи військового призначення. Запропоновані можливі загальні підходи до формування основних вимог до безпілотних авіаційних систем з відкритою архітектурою.
Методичний підхід щодо оцінювання ефективності проведення спеціальної обробки військової техніки
Authors: Поплавець С. І. , Нікітін А. А. , Мещеряков І. С.
Published: August 2024

У статті розглянутий методичний підхід до оцінювання ефективності проведення спеціальної обробки військової техніки під час виникнення радіаційної, хімічної, біологічної небезпечної обстановки з використанням методів теорії масового обслуговування. Застосування методів теорії масового обслуговування під час оцінювання ефективності проведення спеціальної обробки військової техніки дозволяє: визначати потрібну кількість сил та засобів для проведення спеціальної обробки військової техніки; обґрунтовувати потрібний час виконання заходів спеціальної обробки військової техніки; враховувати рівень підготовки особового складу через середні значення показників виконання нормативів зі спеціальної обробки; визначити характер вхідного потоку; встановити середній час обслуговування одного об’єкта одним засобом та середнє число об’єктів, яке надходить на обслуговування за одиницю часу; розподілити розподіл часу та кількість засобів, які виділяються для обслуговування, а також враховувати велику кількість факторів, в тому числі і випадкових. Це обумовлює доцільність використання методів теорії масового обслуговування під час оцінювання ефективності спеціальної обробки військової техніки та потребує розробки відповідного методичного апарата.
Sleep Inertia and Its Associates in Shift and Non-Shift Workers
Authors: Kang Juseung , Kim Jichul , Lee Jooyoung , Yeo Hyewon , Hwang Yunjee , Lee Somi , Jeon Sehyun , Kim Seog Ju
Published: August 2024

Objective We investigated the difference in sleep inertia between shift workers (SWs) and non-shift workers (NSWs) and the effects of depressive symptoms, sleepiness, insomnia, and chronotype on sleep inertia in SWs and NSWs.Methods Altogether, 4,561 SWs (2,142 men and 2,419 women, aged 36.99±9.84 years) and 2,093 NSWs (999 men and 1,094 women, aged 37.80±9.73 years) participated in the current study. All participants completed the Sleep Inertia Questionnaire (SIQ), Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) through an online survey.Results SWs reported higher SIQ scores than NSWs after controlling for CESD, ESS, ISI, or MEQ. The CESD, ESS, ISI, and MEQ predicted SIQ in both SWs and NSWs. The effects of CESD and MEQ on SIQ were stronger in SWs and NSWs, respectively. The indirect effects of CESD and MEQ on SIQ via ESS were significantly moderated by work schedules.Conclusion SWs showed higher sleep inertia than NSWs. The effect of chronotypes on sleep inertia was more prominent in NSWs than in SWs. However, the effect of depressive symptoms on sleep inertia was more prominent in SWs than in NSWs. Moreover, the effect of depressive symptoms or chronotypes on sleep inertia was mediated by sleepiness, and such indirect effects were significantly different among the participants stratified by work schedules.
Pathophysiological and Pedigree Analysis of Left Ventricular Noncompaction in Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata)
Authors: Sawada Yuto , Kaneko Akihisa , Koie Hiroshi , Nakayama Shunya , Tsukamoto Atsushi , Nakamura Shinichiro , Miyabe-Nishiwaki Takako , Ageyama Naohide
Published: August 2024

Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) involving genetic mutation is categorized as an unclassified cardiomyopathy, and its diagnostic criteria have not been standardized. This could be because precise animal models of LVNC have not been created in any laboratory animal species. This study aimed to analyze the pathophysiology and familial tendency of LVNC in Japanese macaques. Two Japanese macaques with LVNC, and their parents who were suspected of having cardiac disease, were examined. One macaque with LVNC was examined using chest radiography, echocardiography, cardiac biomarkers, cardiac MRI, and pathologic examination, and the other macaque was examined using chest radiography, echocardiography, and cardiac biomarkers. Their common father and the mother of one of the macaques with LVNC were tested for chest radiography and cardiac biomarkers. Echocardiography revealed a meshwork with trabeculation and deep intertrabecular recesses in all their left ventricular walls. The 2 macaques with LVNC demonstrated a layered appearance of the myocardium, consisting of noncompacted myocardium on the endocardial side and compacted myocardium on the epicardial side, with a noncompacted/compacted ratio of 6.0 and 5.8, respectively. One of the 2 macaques with LVNC (case 1) had elevated levels of troponin I, troponin T, atrial natriuretic peptide, and brain natriuretic peptide. The second macaque with LVNC (case 2) showed blood flow in the intertrabecular recesses on echocardiography. The common father (case 3) of the 2 macaques with LVNC and the mother (case 4) of one of the macaques with LVNC had elevated levels of troponin I and troponin T. In case 1, histopathologic examination revealed fibrous thickening of the endocardium, fibrosis of the myocardial interstitium, myocardial disarray, vacuolar degeneration, anisonucleosis, and necrosis of myocardial cells. This suggests that Japanese macaques could serve as a reliable animal model of human LVNC.
Analysis of the Understanding and Political Awareness of New Voters in the 2024 Election: A Siyasah Dusturiyah Perspective
Authors: Azhar Nabila , Sutiana Yana , Tresnayadi Budi
Published: August 2024

Due to their significant influence, new voters have a dynamic political orientation and are crucial targets in elections. In the 2024 General Election, Generation Z and millennials will dominate the voter demographic, comprising 56.45% of 204 million voters, thus holding substantial potential in determining election outcomes. This study examines new voters' political awareness and participation in the Cibeunying Kidul Sub-district, focusing on the influence of political understanding, environmental support, family socialization, and political education. This research employs a juridical-empirical approach using interviews and participatory observation to gather data from new voters aged 17-21. Findings indicate that new voters' political awareness is heavily influenced by family habits and guidance, highlighting the need for more intensive political education. Some new voters exhibit apathy due to distrust in the political system. Therefore, the role of the KPU (General Election Commission) in socializing elections to new voters is crucial to enhance their participation. From the siyasah dusturiyah perspective, political participation is part of obedience to the leader and a mandate that must be fulfilled. Elections in Islam resemble deliberations to select a leader who will be sworn in. New voters' participation in elections aligns with the amar ma'ruf nahi munkar principle. Enhanced political awareness among new voters will increase their participation in elections, thereby strengthening the quality of democracy in Indonesia.
Classification Techniques in Finding Malignant Breast Cancer Detection
Authors: Whardana Adithya Kusuma , Mufti Abdul Latief , Hermawan Hendar , Aziz Umar Alfaruq Abdul
Published: August 2024

The most fundamental aspect of cancer is that it is marked by abnormal and uncontrolled cell growth, allowing it to spread to the surrounding areas of existing tissues. One of the most common cancers experienced by people in Indonesia, according to the Indonesian Ministry of Health, is breast cancer. The diagnosis of diseases, especially cancer, also requires a visual form that is later used as an image to determine the condition within the patient's organs. The use of mammography images is one implementation of X-rays aimed at revealing the structure of human bones and tissues. The use of images is also recognized in information technology in the field of digital image processing, which is useful for analyzing, enhancing, compressing, and reconstructing images using a collection of computational techniques. One application of digital image processing techniques for breast mammography images is recognizing the possibility of breast cancer through computer automation using classification methods supported by googlepredict.net architectures. The results obtained in this study use a dataset sourced from King Abdul Aziz University, totaling 2378 images. The method used in this research is Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), with the addition of the GoogleNet architecture. The convolution extraction method runs with the GoogleNet architecture, enhancing deep learning for optimal breast cancer recognition. The overall results of this study found an average precision value of 90%, recall of 92%, F-1 Score of 91.49%, and accuracy of 91.49%.
Risk Assessment of Physio-Mechanical Hazards and Utilization of Personal Protective Equipment Among Welders in Kut City, Iraq
Authors: Shaker Abdul Ridha Ghassan
Published: August 2024

This study was conducted to quantify the physical and mechanical hazards in welding shops and assess the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) in these environments. The cross-sectional field survey took place in 10 welding shops selected by appropriate sampling methods from Kut city of Wasit Governorate, Iraq, and collected environmental measurements regarding temperature, humidity, and noise levels. All welders experienced hazardous levels of noise, humidity, and temperature. Electrical shock was experienced by 87.2% of welders, and 20.5% were exposed to fire. The temperature levels ranged between 38–41°C with 10–13% humidity. The heat index was a moderate 35–38° C in all welding shops, and the reported noise levels were unacceptably high. All of the work is manual labor. This assessment revealed that welders are regularly exposed to various mechanical and physical hazards and the use of PPE among them is very low, despite it being vital to their protection from hazards and prevention of accidents.
The effect of lateral intake slope on sedimentation transport
Authors: Z. Al-Sabea Saja , N. Hilo Ali
Published: August 2024

Generally, The problem of sediments at the entrances to subsidiary channels is considered one of the most common problems for which water resources engineers seek to find appropriate solutions, as it causes significant damage to hydraulic installations, as the accumulation of these sediments in the canal rollers over time leads to the collapse of those channels, which results in many losses. In this study, a three-dimensional mathematical model was developed using the Ansys Fluent CFD program, and this model was matched with previous laboratory experiments, as this mathematical model showed clear accuracy and consistency. Work was done on changing the geometry of the sub-channel and studying the effect of changing the inclination of the sub-channel on reducing the amount of sediment entering the channel or not, since the channel used in this study is 2 m. Adjustments were made to the inclination of the canal in two different forms: The first is to make the first half (1 m) of the canal horizontal, and the inclination begins in the second half, at three different angles, namely 15, 30, and 45 degrees. The other form is to change the inclination along the total length of the sub-channel (2 m) with the same effect. Angles 15, 30 and 45. The results showed the ineffectiveness of changing the inclination of the sub-channel from the middle of the distance, while the results of changing the total inclination were different. It is possible that the slope angle of 45 is considered the best in terms of increasing the speed and clearly reducing the area of the separation zone and the erosion zone.
The public's attitude toward recycled water: a review
Authors: T. Alrikabi Hamza , Salah L. Zubaidi
Published: August 2024

Many locations worldwide are encountering significant obstacles to achieving economic and social sustainability due to the increasing disparity between water availability and demand resulting from population expansion. Therefore, many countries are looking for alternative water sources to increase their water supply. Water reuse has become a practical and effective method for addressing water scarcity. A systematic review and meta-analysis of water reuse are necessary to provide guidance for future studies on the impact of water reuse and to assist managers in optimizing the usage of water reuse technology for improving workplace and organizational results. This is the initial systematic review to investigate the correlation between public acceptance and water reuse. This systematic research aims to provide a comprehensive analysis and summary of public acceptance regarding water reuse surveys. The study compiled data from 85 original research papers published between 2018 and August 1, 2023. The information included details such as keywords, Geographic location, Cloud of words co-occurrence, sample size, publication peer years, published journals, and affiliations. In addition to this, it evaluated potential avenues for future research in this area and offered recommendations for enhancing the public's acceptance of water reuse.
Assessing the Response Strategies of Large Language Models Under Uncertainty: A Comparative Study Using Prompt Engineering
Authors: Lainwright Nehoda , Pemberton Moyat
Published: August 2024

The ability of artificial intelligence to understand and generate human language has transformed various applications, enhancing interactions and decision-making processes. Evaluating the fallback behaviors of language models under uncertainty introduces a novel approach to understanding and improving their performance in ambiguous or conflicting scenarios. The research focused on systematically analyzing ChatGPT and Claude through a series of carefully designed prompts to introduce different types of uncertainty, including ambiguous questions, vague instructions, conflicting information, and insufficient context. Automated scripts were employed to ensure consistency in data collection, and the responses were evaluated using metrics such as accuracy, consistency, fallback mechanisms, response length, and complexity. The results highlighted significant differences in how ChatGPT and Claude handle uncertainty, with ChatGPT demonstrating superior accuracy and stability, and a more frequent use of proactive strategies to manage ambiguous inputs. The study's findings provide valuable insights for the ongoing development and refinement of language models, emphasizing the importance of integrating advanced fallback mechanisms and adaptive response strategies to enhance their robustness and reliability.
Does Random DIF Occur in One or Two Groups? Impact on Bias and Variance in Haebara and Stocking-Lord Linking
Authors: Robitzsch Alexander
Published: August 2024

Linking methods are frequently applied to analyze the performance of two groups on a set of items. This article shows analytically and by simulation that the occurrence of differential item functioning (DIF) can induce bias and additional variance in parameter estimates of the linking method. Interestingly, the bias of the parameter estimates of a linking method depends on whether random DIF occurs in one or two groups (i.e., the type of DIF effects). The findings are shown by means of asymmetric and symmetric Haebara and Stocking-Lord linking. Moreover, the latter linking methods were compared with recently proposed corresponding SIMEX-based variants of linking in a simulation study. It turned out that SIMEX-based linking provided unbiased estimates of whether the correct assumption of the type of DIF effects has been implemented.
Optimizing Standard Work Hours in Fabrication: A Multi-Attribute Decision-Making Approach Using SMART
Authors: Purohit Yagnesh , Parkhi Shilpa
Published: August 2024

In the fabrication industry, selecting the most suitable welding method is crucial for optimizing standard work hours (SWH) and achieving efficient resource utilization. This study aims to provide a systematic evaluation of three prevalent welding techniques—Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW), Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW), and Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW)—using the Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique (SMART). The objective is to identify the welding method that best balances efficiency, complexity, weld volume, and skill requirements.The methodology involves evaluating the three welding methods based on five key criteria: Labour Efficiency (LE), Operational Efficiency (OE), Job Weight, Weld Volume, and Skill Level. Each criterion is assigned a relative weight to reflect its importance in the overall evaluation. The SMART technique is employed to aggregate these weights and assess the performance of each welding method against the criteria.The findings reveal that GMAW stands out as the most effective welding method when considering the balance of efficiency, complexity, weld volume, and required skill level. GMAW's performance surpasses that of SMAW and GTAW in terms of overall suitability for most fabrication tasks. The study concludes that GMAW is optimal for enhancing productivity and resource management in the fabrication industry.Future research could expand on this study by incorporating additional criteria that might affect welding performance, such as environmental impact or cost considerations. Additionally, applying alternative multi-criteria decision-making techniques could provide further validation of the results and offer a more comprehensive analysis of the welding methods. This would enable a more nuanced understanding of the trade-offs between different welding techniques and their applicability to various industrial contexts.
Do you see what I see? Linking involuntary non-retinal (phantom) vision and mental imagery in aphantasia
Authors: Keogh Rebecca , Kay Lachlan , Meagher Christian , Pearson Joel
Published: August 2024

Recent theories propose that like endogenous and exogenous visual attention, voluntary and involuntary forms of phantom vision (e.g. mental imagery and dreams) are related and hence depend on overlapping mechanisms. However, the relationship between voluntary and involuntary phantom vision remains largely unknown. Here we assess this relationship by investigating how voluntary visual imagery is related to involuntary forms of phantom vision (specifically visual illusions), by investigating a unique population with no voluntary visual imagery (aphantasia). In our first study, we presented individuals with aphantasia with seven different visual illusions (Hermann grid, Ponzo illusion, Kanizsa triangles, Ebbinghaus illusion, watercolour effect, neon colour-spreading and rotating snakes). Compared to both a large group of undergraduates and an age-matched control sample, the only illusion in which individuals with aphantasia reported a consistent significant reduction in, was the neon colour illusion. In a large online follow-up study we used the method of adjustment to obtain a more precise measure of the neon colour-spreading illusion in individuals with aphantasia and those with visual imagery. We found that this measure of neon colour was lower in aphantasia than those with visual imagery, as were their subjective ratings of the illusion. Importantly, there were no differences between the groups for catch/mock neon colour ‘illusion’ trials or a separate colour adjustment task. Together these data provide evidence that individuals with aphantasia experience the neon colour illusion at a lower intensity, supporting the hypothesis that some forms of voluntary and involuntary phantom vision depend on overlapping mechanisms.
Validating a brief measure of four facets of social evaluation
Authors: Koch Alex , Smith Austin , Fiske Susan , Abele-Brehm Andrea , Ellemers Naomi , Yzerbyt Vincent
Published: August 2024

Five studies (N = 7,972) validated a brief measure and model of four facets of social evaluation (friendliness and morality as horizontal facets; ability and assertiveness as vertical facets). Perceivers expressed their personal impressions or estimated society’s impression of different types of targets (i.e., envisioned or encountered groups or individuals) and numbers of targets (i.e., between six and 100) in the separate, items-within-target mode or the joint, targets-within-item mode. Factor analyses confirmed that a two-items-per-facet measure fits the data well and better than a four-items-per-dimension measure that captured the Big Two model (i.e., no facets, just the horizontal and vertical dimensions). As predicted, the correlation between the two horizontal facets and between the two vertical facets was higher than the correlations between any horizontal facet and any vertical facet. Perceivers’ evaluations of targets on each facet were predictors of unique and relevant behavior intentions. Perceiving a target as more friendly, moral, able, and assertive increased the likelihood to rely on the target’s loyalty, fairness, intellect, and hubris in an economic game, respectively. These results establish the external, internal, convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity of the brief measure and model of four facets of social evaluation.
Childhood maltreatment and anger expression in adulthood: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lynch Mackenzie , Curtis Aisling , Ahern Elayne , Howard Siobhán , Terracciano Antonio , O'Súilleabháin Páraic S
Published: August 2024

Childhood maltreatment is accepted as having a long-term negative impact on emotional development. Anger expression refers to the way that people manage and act on their anger responses. This registered review sought to explore the association between childhood maltreatment and anger expression in adulthood. A search of databases (Cochrane Library, PubMed, PsycINFO, JSTOR, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Science) was conducted. After removing duplicates, 4,804 papers were reviewed and 27 met the final inclusion criteria for this review. Studies included correlations and predictive models focused on protective factors, vulnerability factors, and psychosocial outcomes. Meta-analyses revealed a statistically significant association between childhood maltreatment and adult Anger-In (K = 8, r = 0.17, 95% CI [0.12, 0.21]) and Anger-Out (K = 10, r = 0.20, 95% CI [0.16, 0.24]) but not Anger Control (K = 5, r = -0.04, 95% CI [-0.18, 0.09]). Some heterogeneity was observed in funnel plots. Subgroup analyses revealed no difference between types of maltreatment. We conclude that childhood maltreatment may have a longer-term impact on anger expression as part of emotional development. This is particularly true for survivors who have challenges with suppressing anger or explosive displays of anger.
Trained Transliminals: Exploring Anomalous Experiences and Psi in Magical Practitioners
Authors: Laythe Brian , Roberts Natalie , White Gordon , Houran Damien
Published: August 2024

This study examines a body of engaged “ritual magic practitioners” to understand their methods and techniques for facilitating putative parapsychological outcomes in everyday life, as well as outcomes on a computerized test of putative psi. We hypothesized that the combination of meditation, visualization, and related mental exercises at the core of magical practice relates to both invoked anomalous phenomena and spontaneously-occurring anomalous phenomena, and further that the perceptual-personality variable of transliminality (i.e., loose mental boundary functioning) is integral to this process. Likewise, we also anticipated that these associations would enable ritual magicians to score significantly above-chance on the psi test. A split-sample analysis found a positive and statistically significant series of relationships between transliminality and the majority of measured variables within the sample, and notably those involving questionnaire measures of subjective and objective anomalies as well as daily mental exercises. The ritual magicians also performed significantly below-chance (p < .01 for several conditions) on the psi test, as a function of open testing of ESP or using ritual to influence the test. We discuss these results in terms of significant predictions of trait and practice variables on ESP scoring, as well as the evidence that magical practice may represent techniques in which a transliminal dis-ease model might be better remediated.
MENGGUNAKAN BINARY CLASSIFICATION UNTUK MENDETEKSI SPAM PADA SMS DENGAN METODE LOGISTIC REGRESSION
Authors: Hendra Hendra , SP. B. T. Sutrisno. , Setyawan Andy Arief
Published: August 2024

Spam biasanya digunakan baik oleh perusahaan maupun perseorangan kepada pelanggannya baik pelanggan lama maupun calon pelanggan untuk memberikan berbagai macam informasi secara terus-menerus. Umumnya informasi yang diberikan adalah promosi produk atau penawaran produk baru. Namun informasi yang diberikan tersebut adalah informasi yang bisa jadi tidak penting sehingga dapat mengganggu orang yang menerima informasi tersebut. Masalah spam ini bisa diantisipasi dengan menciptakan sebuah Machine Learning yang mampu mendeteksi apakah informasi yang masuk itu adalah spam atau bukan dengan melakukan klasifikasi terhadap isi pesan SMS. Karena label yang terdapat pada penelitian ini hanya ada dua variabel, maka penelitian ini menggunakan tipe Binary Classification dengan menerapkan metode Logistic Regression untuk melakukan klasifikasi pesan SMS. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah selain untuk menciptakan sebuah tools pendeteksi spam, penelitian ini juga akan mengdapatkan hasil uji terhadap metode Logistic Regression berdasarkan akurasi pendeteksian yang dapat dicapai. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan teknik klasifikasi SPAM SMS dengan tingkat akurasi yang tinggi.
UJI PERFORMA DAN EMISI GAS BUANG MOTOR INJEKSI 4 TAK MENGGUNAKAN VARIASI ROLLER DAN BUSI
Authors: Yanto Puji , Suwignyo Joko , Fatra Fahmy
Published: August 2024

Peningkatan performa mesin adalah salah satu hal yang menjadi bahan riset untuk hasil yang lebih sempurna. Salah satu hal yang mempengaruhi performa mesin adalah sistem trasnmisi, pengapian, dan penggunaan bahan bakar. Penelitian ini mengaplikasikan variasi jenis roller dan busi. Kemudian dibandingkan dan dihitung kecepatan, konsumsi bahan bakar dan emisi gas buang.
Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) Untuk mengetahui daya dan torsi kendaraan sepeda motor matic 110 cc dengan variasi 3 busi, 2 jenis bahan bakar dan 4 jenis roller; (2) Untuk mengetahui konsumsi penggunaan bahan bakar sepeda motor apabila menggunakan 4 jenis roller berbeda (3) Untuk mengetahui emisi gas buang apabila menggunakan 3 jenis busi, 4 roller berbeda dan 2 bahan bakar yang berbeda. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan teknik pengumpulan data yang dihasilkan dari eksperimen itu sendiri dan kemudian diolah data hingga menghasilkan sesuai dengan tujuan metode penelitian
Hasil penelitian: (1) daya dan torsi dipengaruhi oleh factor busi, roller dan bahan bakar, dalam penelitian ini yang diunggulkan dalam torsi dan daya kendaraan adalah roller racing 9 gram, untuk bahan bakar pertamax yang paling tinggi peforma dan busi iridium merupakan busi yang memiliki torsi dan daya tertinggi; (2) Konsumsi bahan bakar yang paling banyak penggunaan yaitu menggunakan roller 9 gram hal ini dikarenakan roller 9 gram memiliki daya dan torsi besar; (3) emisi gas buang sepeda motor paling bagus dalam penggunaannya adalah busi standart. Hal ini dikarenakan roller standart sudah memenuhi kadar gas buang yang kecil sehingga mengurangi polusi udara.
 
Kata Kunci: Pengaruh CVT, Performa Sepeda Motor, Roller Motor Matic
AMOSTRAGEM EM CONGLOMERADOS PELO MÉTODO DE BITTERLICH EM FLORESTA OMBRÓFILA MISTA
Authors: Souza Retslaff Fabiane Aparecida , Dalla Lana Mayara , Doubrawa Betina , Figueiredo Filho Afonso , Péllico Netto Sylvio
Published: August 2024

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a área basal por dois processos de amostragem em conglomerados, arranjos estruturais diferenciados em cruz e em linha, comparando com o censo, em um remanescente de Floresta Ombrófila Mista no estado do Paraná, utilizando o método de Bitterlich. Os dados utilizados são provenientes de parcelas permanentes instaladas na Floresta Nacional de Irati. Na área foram distribuídos pontos de modo sistemático e sobre os pontos foram alocados 23 conglomerados em linha e 23 em cruz, cada um com quatro subunidades. O fator de área basal utilizado foi o 2. Não foi detectada diferença significativa (p > 0,05) entre as médias estimadas pelos conglomerados e a obtida pelo censo. Os dois arranjos de conglomerados testados apresentaram erros amostrais baixos (menor que 7%) e equivalentes, mas com superestimativas em relação à área basal média paramétrica, sendo que o arranjo em cruz apresentou uma diferença menor (2,9%) que o arranjo em linhas (4,9%). Embora o método de Bitterlich não seja muito utilizado em Floresta Ombrófila Mista, sua utilização em conglomerados, tanto em linha como em cruz, mostrou-se preciso para a estimativa da área basal por hectare. Palavras-chave: inventário florestal, georreferenciamento, área basal. CLUSTER SAMPLING USING BITTERLICH METHOD FOR ARAUCARIA FOREST ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to estimate the basal area for two cluster sampling procedures, structural cross and line arrangements, comparing with complete inventory, in a fragment of Araucaria Forest in Parana State, using the Bitterlich method. The data used came from permanent plots established in the Irati National Forest. Sample points were distributed in a systematic way and each point were allocated 23 sampling clusters in line and 23 sampling clusters in cross both with four subunits each. The basal area factor used was 2. No significant difference was detected (p > 0.05) between the estimated averages by sampling clusters and obtained by the complete inventory. The two arrangements of clusters tested had low sampling errors (less than 7%) and equivalent, but with overestimation compared to the average parametric basal area, and the arrangement in cross showed a smaller difference (2.9%) than the arrangement in lines (4.9%). Although Bitterlich method is not widely used in Araucaria Forest, its use in sampling cluster, structured in cross or in line arrangements, was accurate for de basal area estimation. Keywords: forest inventory, georeferencing, basal area. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14583/2318-7670.v02n04a02
ANÁLISE OPERACIONAL DA EXTRAÇÃO FLORESTAL COM CABOS AÉREOS EM FLORESTA DE EUCALIPTO
Authors: Da Silva Oliveira de Paula Elizabeth Neire , Lacerda Leonardo Cassani , Fiedler Nilton César , De Assis do Carmo Flávio Cipriano , Queryno Kuboyama Filipe Akira , De Oliveira Peluzio Telma Machado
Published: August 2024

Esta pesquisa objetivou realizar uma avaliação técnica de um sistema de cabos aéreos, utilizado na extração de madeira de eucalipto em região montanhosa. Os dados da pesquisa foram coletados no Vale do Rio Doce no Leste do Estado de Minas Gerais. A análise operacional do cabo aéreo relacionou um estudo de tempos e movimentos, onde a operação de extração foi subdividida nas seguintes fases: descida do cabo principal, engate, arraste, posicionamento das árvores na estrada, desengate, empilhamento das árvores, deslocamento do trator e interrupções. Para análise dos dados utilizou a Análise de Variância e o teste de Tukey ao nível de 5% de significância, seguido de uma regressão linear simples. Os resultados demonstraram que a atividade que consumiu o maior tempo do ciclo operacional foi a montagem do cabo principal nas árvores, com 35,8% do tempo total. O menor tempo gasto foi relativo às pausas dentro do talhão com cerca de 4% do tempo total da operação. A produtividade média do cabo aéreo variou de 10,2 à 115,3m³cc.he-1. Pela análise de regressão, a produtividade do cabo aéreo na extração de madeira em região montanhosa foi influenciada pelo volume do feixe de madeira, tempo do ciclo operacional e distância de extração. Palavras-chave: Colheita florestal; Mecanização Florestal; Rendimento Operacional.  OPERATIONAL ANALYSIS OF EXTRACTION WITH CABLES AIR IN EUCALYPTUS FOREST ABSTRACT This work aimed to make a technical assessment of an overhead wires system used in the eucalyptus wood extraction on mountainous region. The survey data were collected in Vale do Rio Doce, eastern of Minas Gerais state. The operational analysis of cable related with study of time and motion, where the extraction operation was divided into phases as: lowering the main cable, hitch, drag, placing of roadside trees, trip, stacking trees, displacement of the tractor and interruptions. Data analysis used was the variance analysis and Tukey test at 5% significance level, followed by a simple linear regression. The results demonstrated that the partial activity consumed the greater of the operational cycle time was passing the main cable in the trees, with 35.8% of the total time, unlike the less time spent were breaks in the field with about 4% of total operational time, having average productivity of cable variations from 10.2 to 115.3cc.m³.h-1, being totally linked to the variation distance extraction. Regression analysis it is observed that the productivity of cable logging in the mountainous region was influenced by the volume of wood beam, the operational cycle time and distance extraction. Keywords: Forest harvesting; aerial cables; operating income. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14583/2318-7670.v02n04a09
ESTRUTURA DA REGENERAÇÃO NATURAL SUJEITA À PECUÁRIA EXTENSIVA NA REGIÃO DE CAÇADOR-SC
Authors: Téo Saulo Jorge , Fiorentin Luan Demarco , Schneider Chaiane Rodrigues , Da Costa Reinaldo Hoinacki , Batista Sanny
Published: August 2024

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o efeito da pecuária extensiva sobre a regeneração natural em área de preservação permanente de Floresta Ombrófila Mista na região de Caçador, SC. Foi mensurado o diâmetro do colo (10 cm) e a altura total de todos os indivíduos de regeneração natural que apresentaram altura acima de 30 cm e circunferência à altura do peito menor que 15,7 cm. Foram avaliados os parâmetros fitossociológicos entre as áreas com e sem gado, bem como o diâmetro do colo e altura média e a distribuição dessas variáveis em classes usando a função de densidade de probabilidade Weibull. Áreas de preservação permanente com pecuária extensiva apresentaram maior densidade das espécies arbóreas na regeneração natural, porém, com indivíduos de menor porte. Myrcia sp. foi espécie característica da área com gado devido à alta densidade, enquanto que na área sem pecuária extensiva, a espécie caraterística foi Ilex paraguariensis em decorrência da alta dominância. O diâmetro do colo e altura média foram superiores para área sem gado, contudo, não houve diferenças significativas entre as áreas. A função Weibull apresentou ótima aderência aos dados de diâmetro do colo e altura para área com e sem gado. Palavras-chave: fitossociologia, pastoreio bovino, função Weibull.   STRUCTURE OF NATURAL REGENERATION SUBJECT TO EXTENSIVE CATTLE RISING AT CAÇADOR REGION-SC ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to analyze the effect of extensive cattle raising on the natural regeneration in permanent preservation area in Ombrophyllous Mixed Forest at Caçador region, SC. It was measured the collar diameter (10 cm) and the total height of all individuals of natural regeneration that had height above 30 cm and circumference at breast height less than 15.7 cm. It was evaluated the phytosociological parameters between areas with and without cattle, even as the average collar diameter and height and distribution of that variable in classes using the Weibull probability density function. Permanent preservation areas with extensive cattle raising had the highest density of arboreal species at natural regeneration, however the individuals were smaller. Myrcia guianensis was the characteristic specie of area with cattle as a result of high density that occurs, while in the area without extensive cattle raising, the characteristic specie was the Ilex paraguariensis owing the high dominancy. The average collar diameter and height was higher for area without cattle, nevertheless there were no significant difference between areas. The Weibull function showed great adherence to collar diameter and height for area with and without cattle. Keywords: phytosociology, cattle pasture, Weibull function. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14583/2318-7670.v02n04a03
RENTABILIDADE DE PLANTIOS DE ACÁCIA-AUSTRALIANA E DE SISTEMA DE INTEGRAÇÃO LAVOURA-PECUARIA-FLORESTA NO SUDOESTE DO PIAUÍ
Authors: Araújo Emanuel França , Aguiar Adriano Saraiva , Barbosa Marcus Vinícius Ribeiro , De Brito Wédison Campos , Cordeiro Sidney Araújo
Published: August 2024

Objetivou-se com este trabalho realizar análise comparativa dos rendimentos de sistemas agroflorestais e monocultivo com Acacia mangium Willd, em uma área de 10 hectares no município de Bom Jesus no Sudoeste do Estado do Piauí. Foram realizadas análises comparativas das simulações de receitas da venda do carvão vegetal para o sistema de monocultivo, sistema Taungya e integração Lavoura-Pecuária-Floresta (iLPF) aos sete anos. Foram coletadas informações levantadas pelos autores, artigos científicos e de plantios experimentais da cultura em outras regiões do país. As informações foram transformadas em tabelas e planilhas por proporcionar uma visão mais clara e direta da conclusão dos dados. A viabilidade econômica foi determinada por meio da aplicação dos métodos de avaliação de projetos: Valor Presente Líquido (VPL), Valor Anual Equivalente (VAE) e Razão Benefício/Custo (B/C). Os resultados demostraram que ambos os sistemas de manejo são viáveis economicamente. Verificou-se que o sistema Taungya apresentou os melhores resultados dos indicadores avaliados, demostrando ser o mais rentável financeiramente. Palavras-Chaves: Acacia mangium Willd, Economia florestal, Planejamento Agroflorestal, carvão vegetal.   PLANTATIONS OF PROFITABILITY OF Acacia mangium AND SYSTEM INTEGRATION CROP-LIVESTOCK-FOREST, PIAUÍ, BRAZIL   ABSTRACT The objective of this work conduct comparative analysis of income from agroforestry and monoculture systems with Acacia mangium Willd in an area of ​​10 hectares in the municipality of Bom Jesus in the State of Piauí Southwest, Brazil. Comparative analyzes were carried out of sales revenues simulations charcoal for the monoculture system, Taungya system and integration Crop-Livestock-Forest (iLPF) to seven years. Information was collected raised by the authors, scientific articles and experimental plantings of the crop in other parts of the country. Information was transformed into tables and spreadsheets by providing a clearer and more direct view of the completion of the data. Economic viability was determined by the application of project evaluation methods: Net Present Value (NPV), Equivalent Annual Value (EAV) and Benefit / Cost Ratio (B / C). The results showed that both management systems are economically viable. It was found that the Taungya system showed the best results of the indicators assessed, showing to be the most profitable financially. Keywords: Acacia mangium Willd, Forest Economics, Agroforestry Planning, charcoal. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14583/2318-7670.v03n04a08
CARACTERIZAÇÃO NUTRICIONAL E USO DE DDGS EM DIETAS PARA SUÍNOS EM CRESCIMENTO E TERMINAÇÃO - ABORDAGEM ANALÍTICA
Authors: Stuani Jessika Lucia , Corassa Anderson , Silva Iziz Paula Anhon da
Published: August 2024

Alimentos alternativos como os grãos secos destilados com solúveis (dried distillers grains with solubles - DDGS) estão sendo constantemente estudados, com o objetivo de substituir milho e farelo de soja, devido à similaridade na quantidade de nutrientes e com menor custo. Foram revisados artigos entre os anos de 2002 e2015 publicados em periódicos internacionais contidos na plataforma Science Direct e Animal Science Publications, nos quais as dietas para suínos em fase de terminação apresentaram níveis de inclusão de DDGS de milho de 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 e 30%. Com uma base de dados elaborada em planilha do Excel foi realizada uma análise descritiva utilizando os níveis de significância obtidos a partir dos resultados dos trabalhos referenciados. Os expressivos valores de energia, proteína bruta e fósforo digestível, o faz muito atraente para substituição parcial da alimentação animal. Observa-se que conforme aumenta a concentração de DDGS de milho na dieta, o consumo de ração e consequentemente o ganho de peso diminuem. Em conclusão, o DDGS pode ser incluído em rações para suínos nas fases de crescimento e terminação com até 20% de inclusão sem afetar negativamente o desempenho. Palavras-chave: composição bromatológica, aminoácidos, desempenho, coproduto, biocombustíveis.   NUTRITIONAL CHARACTERIZATION AND USE OF DDGS IN GROWING AND FINISHING PIG DIETS - ANALYTICAL APPROACH ABSTRACT Alternative ingredients such as dried distiller’s grains with soluble (DDGS) are constantly being studied in order to replace corn and soybean meal, due to similarity in the amount of nutrients and less costly. Articles between the years 2002 and 2015 published in international journals were reviewed contained on the Science Direct and Animal Science Publications platforms, in which the diets for finishing pigs showed the levels of inclusion 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% of corn’s DDGS. With a database compiled in Excel spreadsheet a descriptive analysis was performed using the significance levels obtained from the results of the referenced works. The expressive amounts of energy, crude protein and digestible phosphorus, makes it very attractive for partial replacement of animal nutrition. Was observed that with increasing concentration of corn’s DDGS in the diet feed intake and consequently weight gain decreases. In conclusion, DDGS can be included in diets for pigs in the growing and finishing phases up to 20% of inclusion without negatively affecting performance. Keywords: chemical composition, amino acids, performance, coproduct, biofuels. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14583/2318-7670.v04n02a12
CRESCIMENTO EFETIVO MENSAL INICIAL EM PLANTAÇÕES DE TECA (Tectona grandis) EM COSTA RICA
Authors: Murillo Olman , Vallejos Johnatan , Badilla Yorleny , Guzmán Nancy , Luján Ricardo , González Ernesto
Published: August 2024

Os modelos de crescimento para o DAP e da altura total vs. idade, expresso em meses efetivos, com base em 1571 e 910 parcelas em todo o país, respetivamente, foram ajustados. A altura total foi medida com uma vara telescópica ou tamben, em árvores na terra. Ele foi definido como o crescimento naõ efetivo a partir do momento em que um défice de água ou quando a caducidade excedeu 75% da árvore. Usando dendrômetros corrobora-se a paragem do crescimento. Os modelos ajustados para DAP foram com um R2 de 0,827 e 0,897 para a altura total. Visando determinar o crescimento esperado de uma plantação de teca no país em qualquer mês de idade (primeiros 5 a 6 anos de idade), fram adjustados uma curva média nacional, uma curva de limite superior e uma curva de limite inferior, que respondem por 67% da variação total. As curvas de crescimento refletem a aplicação de um pacote silvicultural baseada em sementes melhoradas ou clones, com controle adequado de plantas daninhas primeiros anos, a correção da acidez quando necessário e realizar a desrama e desbaste oportuno. Estes modelos são uma ferramenta da qualidade para o controle do crescimento de teca na Costa Rica. Suas informações serão úteis para a tomada de decisões em projetos de investimento com esta espécie. No futuro, estes modelos poderão ser empregados nas avaliações de produtividade da teca no país. Palavras-chave: teca, crescimento, estresse hídrico, controle de qualidade.   EFFECTIVE MONTHLY GROWTH IN TEAK PLANTATION (Tectona grandis) IN COSTA RICA ABSTRACT The growth models for the DBH and total height vs. age, expressed in effective months based in 1571 and 910 plots across the country, respectively, were adjusted. The overall height was measured with a telescopic pole or Too I in trees on earth. It was defined as the effective no growth from the time when a water deficit or when the expiry exceeded 75% of the tree. Using dendrometers supports to growth arrest. The models were adjusted for PAD with an R2 of 0.827 and 0.897 for total height. In order to determine the expected growth of a teak plantation in the country in any month of age (first 5 to 6 years old), were adjusted a national average curve, an upper limit curve and a lower limit curve, which account for 67 % of total variation. The growth rates reflect the application of a forestry package based on improved seeds or clones, with adequate weed control early years, the correction when necessary acidity and perform the appropriate pruning and thinning. These models are a tool for quality control of teak growth in Costa Rica. Your information will be useful for decision-making in investment projects with this species. In the future, these models maybe used in teak productivity assessments in the country. Keywords: teak, growth, water stress, quality control. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14583/2318-7670.v04n01a08