bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ichthyofauna of Endemic Fish in Towuti Lake, Luwu Timur Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Jayadi . , Nessa Muhammad Natsir , Tamsil Andi , Harlina . , Ernaningsih . , Nursyahran . , Muqtadir Abdul
Published: June 2021

Aims: The aims of this study to determine the biodiversity of endemic fish in Lake Towuti, Luwu Timur Regency South Sulawesi, Indonesia.

Study Design: The research was conducted by survey

Place and Duration of Study: The research was carried out in February until March 2021 in Tanjung Timbala; Tanjung Lengkobutanga; Tanjung Bakara; Tanjung Saone and. Tanjung Tominanga at Lake Towuti, Luwu Timur Regency South Sulawesi, Indonesia.

Methodology: Fish samples were carried out every week using a trap net for 8 weeks. Fish samples obtained from each station were separated according to species. Fish samples were preserved with 4% formalin and then immersed in 70% alcohol before species identification was conducted. Data analysis in this research used descriptive statistics.

Results: The endemic fish species was found is telamtherina bonti Telmatherina bonti, Telmatherina celebensis, Paratherina striata, Tominanga sanguicauda, Tominanga aurea Oryzias profundicola, Oryzias matanensis, Oryzias marmoratus, Mugilogobius hitam, Glossogobius flavipinnis, Glossogobius matanensis and Dermogenys megarhamphus. The percentage of endemic fish caught at each station on Lake Towuti was different. The water quality parameters obtained are as follows Temperature: 26.40⁰C-30.30⁰C, pH: 6.35-9.03, dissolved oxygen (DO):6.25-8.95 mg/L and NO3-N: 0.023-0.066 mg/L.This water quality were suitable for the survival and growth of endemic fish.

Conclusion: Endemic fish families were obtained such as Telmatheridae, Adrianichthyidae, Gobiidae and Hemiramphidae and a total of twelve endemic fish species were found in this study. The number of endemic fish was found to be different at the station. Water quality parameters play an important role in the distribution and existence of endemic fish in Lake Towuti.
Technology and ITS Influences in Adolescence: A Literature Review
Authors: Oliveira Kássia Silva , Souza Sabrina Luzia Alves de , Pimentel Aline Rezende Faria , Oliveira Daniela Ponciano , Oliveira Maysa Gloria , Oliveira Marilza Alves , Mota Vanessa Mendes de Oliveira , Barros Nathalya , Oliveira Alanne Letícia Lima Silva
Published: June 2021

Currently much has been discussed about the use of technologies and the impacts of the excessive use of them by adolescents. Current adolescence has been increasingly connected with the technological world, and consequently, behaviors that were previously not perceived or often recognized, are seen, for example, the development of technology-related addictions. Thus, the present study aims to discuss the consequences of the indiscriminate use of digital technologies by adolescents. This research is bibliographic, being developed from other studies already produced on the subject. The main results stand out: family conflicts resulting from distancing and lack of dialogue; the predominance of superficial relationships and false intimacy and the illusion that anything is possible; learning difficulties arising from internet dependence, anxiety disorders, and attention deficit.
Reversing tozasertib resistance in glioma through inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases
Authors: Jane Esther P. , Premkumar Daniel R. , Rajasundaram Dhivyaa , Thambireddy Swetha , Reslink Matthew C. , Agnihotri Sameer , Pollack Ian F.
Published: May 2021

Acquired resistance to conventional chemotherapeutic agents limits their effectiveness and can cause cancer treatment to fail. Because enzymes in the aurora kinase family are vital regulators of several mitotic events, we reasoned that targeting these kinases with tozasertib, a pan‐aurora kinase inhibitor, would not only cause cytokinesis defects, but also induce cell death in high‐grade pediatric and adult glioma cell lines. We found that tozasertib induced cell cycle arrest, increased mitochondrial permeability and reactive oxygen species generation, inhibited cell growth and migration, and promoted cellular senescence and pro‐apoptotic activity. However, sustained exposure to tozasertib at clinically relevant concentrations conferred resistance, which led us to examine the mechanistic basis for the emergence of drug resistance. RNA‐sequence analysis revealed a significant upregulation of the gene encoding pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoenzyme 4 (PDK4), a pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) inhibitory kinase that plays a crucial role in the control of metabolic flexibility under various physiological conditions. Upregulation of PDK1, PDK2, PDK3, or PDK4 protein levels was positively correlated with tozasertib‐induced resistance through inhibition of PDH activity. Tozasertib‐resistant cells exhibited increased mitochondrial mass as measured by 10‐N‐nonyl‐Acridine Orange. Inhibition of PDK with dichloroacetate resulted in increased mitochondrial permeability and cell death in tozasertib‐resistant glioma cell lines. Based on these results, we believe that PDK is a selective target for the tozasertib resistance phenotype and should be considered for further preclinical evaluations.
SIK2 kinase synthetic lethality is driven by spindle assembly defects in FANCA‐deficient cells
Authors: Chan Ka‐Kui , Abdul‐Sater Zahi , Sheth Aditya , Mitchell Dana K. , Sharma Richa , Edwards Donna M. , He Ying , Nalepa Grzegorz , Rhodes Steven D. , Clapp D. Wade , Sierra Potchanant Elizabeth A.
Published: May 2021

The Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway safeguards genomic stability through cell cycle regulation and DNA damage repair. The canonical tumor suppressive role of FA proteins in the repair of DNA damage during interphase is well established, but their function in mitosis is incompletely understood. Here, we performed a kinome‐wide synthetic lethality screen in FANCA−/− fibroblasts, which revealed multiple mitotic kinases as necessary for survival of FANCA‐deficient cells. Among these kinases, we identified the depletion of the centrosome kinase SIK2 as synthetic lethal upon loss of FANCA. We found that FANCA colocalizes with SIK2 at multiple mitotic structures and regulates the activity of SIK2 at centrosomes. Furthermore, we found that loss of FANCA exacerbates cell cycle defects induced by pharmacological inhibition of SIK2, including impaired G2‐M transition, delayed mitotic progression, and cytokinesis failure. In addition, we showed that inhibition of SIK2 abrogates nocodazole‐induced prometaphase arrest, suggesting a novel role for SIK2 in the spindle assembly checkpoint. Together, these findings demonstrate that FANCA‐deficient cells are dependent upon SIK2 for survival, supporting a preclinical rationale for targeting of SIK2 in FA‐disrupted cancers.
Homocysteine induces podocyte apoptosis by regulating miR‐1929‐5p expression through c‐Myc, DNMT1 and EZH2
Authors: Xie Lin , Ma Shengchao , Ding Ning , Wang Yanhua , Lu Guanjun , Xu Lingbo , Wang Qingqing , Liu Kun , Jie Yuzheng , Zhang Hui , Yang Anning , Gao Yujing , Zhang Huiping , Jiang Yideng
Published: May 2021

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common and complex disease in kidneys which has been associated with an increased risk of renal cell carcinoma. Elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels are known to influence the development and progression of CKD by regulating podocyte injury and apoptosis. To investigate the molecular mechanisms triggered in podocytes by Hcy, we used cbs+/− mice and observed that higher Hcy levels increased the apoptosis rate of podocytes with accompanying glomerular damage. Hcy‐induced podocyte injury and apoptosis in cbs+/− mice was regulated by inhibition of microRNA (miR)‐1929‐5p expression. Overexpression of miR‐1929‐5p in podocytes inhibited apoptosis by upregulating Bcl‐2. Furthermore, the expression of miR‐1929‐5p was regulated by epigenetic modifications of its promoter. Hcy upregulated DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) levels, resulting in increased DNA methylation and H3K27me3 levels on the miR‐1929‐5p promoter. Additionally, we observed that c‐Myc recruited DNMT1 and EZH2 to the miR‐1929‐5p promoter and suppressed the expression of miR‐1929‐5p. In summary, we demonstrated that Hcy promotes podocyte apoptosis through the regulation of the epigenetic modifiers DNMT1 and EZH2, which are recruited by c‐Myc to the promoter of miR‐1929‐5p to silence miR‐1929‐5p expression.
Adaptive fuzzy dual‐performance fault‐tolerant control for interconnected nonlinear systems
Authors: Hao Siwen , Xue Hong , Pan Yingnan
Published: May 2021

This article focuses on the decentralized adaptive fuzzy fixed‐time fault‐tolerant control issue for the error‐constrained interconnected nonlinear systems with unknown actuator faults possessing dead zone. The unknown nonlinear functions can be modeled via fuzzy logic systems. By utilizing the parameter estimation method, the effect of unknown actuator faults possessing dead zone can be compensated. To guarantee the predefined dynamic performance of state tracking errors, the barrier Lyapunov functions and prescribed performance functions are introduced. Then, a dual‐performance fault‐tolerant control method that can guarantee fast transient performance and predefined performance of state tracking errors is proposed via using the decentralized backstepping technique. In addition, on the basis of the Lyapunov stability theory and the fixed‐time criterion, it is proved that the predefined performance of full‐state errors and the stability of closed‐loop systems can be guaranteed. Finally, two numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Transparent and Flexible Mn1−x−y(CexLay)O2−δ Ultrathin‐Film Device for Highly‐Stable Pseudocapacitance Application
Authors: Maroufi Samane , Khayyam Nekouei Rasoul , S. Mofarah Sajjad , O'Mullane Anthony P. , Yao Yin , Lim Sean , Cazorla Claudio , Sahajwalla Veena
Published: May 2021

Control over the fabrication of state‐of‐the‐art portable pseudocapacitors with the desired transparency, mechanical flexibility, capacitance, and durability is challenging, but if resolved will have fundamental implications. Here, defect‐rich Mn1−x−y(CexLay)O2−δ ultrathin films with controllable thicknesses (5–627 nm) and transmittance (≈29–100%) are fabricated via an electrochemical chronoamperometric deposition using a aqueous precursor derived from end‐of‐life nickel‐metal hydride batteries. Due to percolation impacts on the optoelectronic properties of ultrathin films, a representative Mn1−x−y(CexLay)O2−δ film with 86% transmittance exhibits an outstanding areal capacitance of 3.4 mF cm−2, mainly attributed to the intercalation/de‐intercalation of anionic O2− through the atomic tunnels of the stratified Mn1−x−y(CexLay)O2−δ crystallites. Furthermore, the Mn1−x−y(CexLay)O2−δ thin‐film device exhibits excellent capacitance retention of ≈90% after 16 000 cycles. Such stability is associated with intervalence charge transfer occurring among interstitial Ce/La cations and Mn oxidation states within the Mn1−x−y(CexLay)O2−δ structure. The energy and power densities of the transparent flexible Mn1−x−y(CexLay)O2−δ full‐cell pseudocapacitor device, is measured to be 0.088 μWh cm−2 and 843 µW cm−2, respectively. These values show insignificant changes under vigorous twisting and bending to 45–180° confirming these value‐added materials are intriguing alternatives for size‐sensitive energy storage devices.
Origin of High Ionic Conductivity of Sc‐Doped Sodium‐Rich NASICON Solid‐State Electrolytes
Authors: Sun Fei , Xiang Yuxuan , Sun Qian , Zhong Guiming , Banis Mohammad Norouzi , Liu Yulong , Li Ruying , Fu Riqiang , Zheng Matthew , Sham Tsun‐Kong , Yang Yong , Sun Xuhui , Sun Xueliang
Published: May 2021

Substitution of liquid electrolyte with solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) has emerged as a very urgent and challenging research area of rechargeable batteries. NASICON (Na3Zr2Si2PO12) is one of the most potential SSEs for Na‐ion batteries due to its high ionic conductivity and low thermal expansion. It is proven that the ionic conductivity of NASICON can be improved to 10−3 S cm−1 by Sc‐doping, of which the mechanism, however, has not been fully understood. Herein, a series of Na3+xScxZr2−xSi2PO12 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) SSEs are prepared. To gain a deep insight into the ion transportation mechanism, synchrotron‐based X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is employed to characterize the electronic structure, and solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (SS‐NMR) is used to analyze the dynamics. In this study, Sc is successfully doped into Na3Zr2Si2PO12 to substitute Zr atoms. The redistribution of sodium ions at certain specific sites is proven to be critical for sodium ion movement. For x ≤ 0.3, the promotion of sodium ion movement is attributed to sodium ion concentration increase at the Na2 sites and decrease at the Na1 and Na3 sites. For x > 0.3, the inhibition of sodium ion movement is due to the phase change from monoclinic to rhombohedral and an increasing impurity content.
Intravenous Delivery of Lung‐Targeted Nanofibers for Pulmonary Hypertension in Mice
Authors: Marulanda Kathleen , Mercel Alexandra , Gillis David C. , Sun Kui , Gambarian Maria , Roark Joshua , Weiss Jenna , Tsihlis Nick D. , Karver Mark R. , Centeno S. Ruben , Peters Erica B. , Clemons Tristan D. , Stupp Samuel I. , McLean Sean E. , Kibbe Melina R.
Published: June 2021

Pulmonary hypertension is a highly morbid disease with no cure. Available treatments are limited by systemic adverse effects due to non‐specific biodistribution. Self‐assembled peptide amphiphile (PA) nanofibers are biocompatible nanomaterials that can be modified to recognize specific biological markers to provide targeted drug delivery and reduce off‐target toxicity. Here, PA nanofibers that target the angiotensin I‐converting enzyme and the receptor for advanced glycation end‐products (RAGE) are developed, as both proteins are overexpressed in the lung with pulmonary hypertension. It is demonstrated that intravenous delivery of RAGE‐targeted nanofibers containing the targeting epitope LVFFAED (LVFF) significantly accumulated within the lung in a chronic hypoxia‐induced pulmonary hypertension mouse model. Using 3D light sheet fluorescence microscopy, it is shown that LVFF nanofiber localization is specific to the diseased pulmonary tissue with immunofluorescence analysis demonstrating colocalization of the targeted nanofiber to RAGE in the hypoxic lung. Furthermore, biodistribution studies show that significantly more LVFF nanofibers localized to the lung compared to major off‐target organs. Targeted nanofibers are retained within the pulmonary tissue for 24 h after injection. Collectively, these data demonstrate the potential of a RAGE‐targeted nanomaterial as a drug delivery platform to treat pulmonary hypertension.
Chemical Synthesis and Integration of Highly Conductive PdTe2 with Low‐Dimensional Semiconductors for p‐Type Transistors with Low Contact Barriers
Authors: Zheng Jingying , Miao Tingting , Xu Rui , Ping Xiaofan , Wu Yueyang , Lu Zhixing , Zhang Ziming , Hu Dake , Liu Lina , Zhang Qi , Li Dawei , Cheng Zhihai , Ma Weigang , Xie Liming , Jiao Liying
Published: May 2021

Low‐dimensional semiconductors provide promising ultrathin channels for constructing more‐than‐Moore devices. However, the prominent contact barriers at the semiconductor–metal electrodes interfaces greatly limit the performance of the obtained devices. Here, a chemical approach is developed for the construction of p‐type field‐effect transistors (FETs) with low contact barriers by achieving the simultaneous synthesis and integration of 2D PdTe2 with various low‐dimensional semiconductors. The 2D PdTe2 synthesized through a quasi‐liquid process exhibits high electrical conductivity (≈4.3 × 106 S m−1) and thermal conductivity (≈130 W m−1 K−1), superior to other transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) and even higher than some metals. In addition, PdTe2 electrodes with desired geometry can be synthesized directly on 2D MoTe2 and other semiconductors to form high‐performance p‐type FETs without any further treatment. The chemically derived atomically ordered PdTe2–MoTe2 interface results in significantly reduced contact barrier (65 vs 240 meV) and thus increases the performance of the obtained devices. This work demonstrates the great potential of 2D PdTe2 as contact materials and also opens up a new avenue for the future device fabrication through the chemical construction and integration of 2D components.
Co3Se4 Quantum Dots as an Ultrastable Host Material for Potassium‐Ion Intercalation
Authors: Hussain Nadeem , Li Maoxin , Tian Bingbing , Wang Haihui
Published: June 2021

Potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs) are receiving increased attention due to their cost‐effective and similar energy‐storage mechanism to lithium‐ion batteries. However, the lack of appropriate electrode materials is still hampered for their development, which is mainly caused by the large size of the potassium ions (1.38 Å) including low structural stability and poor electrochemical redox reaction kinetics. Herein, Co3Se4 quantum dots (QD) encapsulated by N‐doped carbon (CSC) are reported as an anode material for KIBs, in which a morphology change process occurs. Benefiting from the unique uniform nanostructure reducing the ion‐diffusion length, the improved electronic conductivity, and the enhanced protective effect of N‐doped carbon (NC) alleviating volume fluctuation, the CSC demonstrates excellent electrochemical performance. The core–shell‐like CSC composite demonstrates remarkable discharge capacity (410 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 550 cycles, 360 mA h g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 after 3200 cycles) and excellent cyclic performance over 10 000 cycles at 1 A g−1. Density functional theory calculations show a larger reaction energy of Co3Se4 QD than bulk Co3Se4, a lower barrier of K atom migration in Co3Se4 QD than bulk Co3Se4, and also favor the intercalation reaction rather than replacement reaction. In situ X‐ray diffraction and ex situ transmission electron microscopy are further used to evaluate potassiation/depotassiation phenomena.
Broadband, High‐Sensitivity Graphene Photodetector Based on Ferroelectric Polarization of Lithium Niobate
Authors: Guan Heyuan , Hong Jiyu , Wang Xiaoli , Ming Jingyuan , Zhang Zilong , Liang Aijie , Han Xinyang , Dong Jiangli , Qiu Wentao , Chen Zhe , Lu Huihui , Zhang Han
Published: June 2021

2D graphene has attracted extensive attention as a promising candidate for high‐performance photodetectors because of its superior optoelectronic properties. However, the realization of high‐sensitivity broadband graphene photodetectors remains a challenge. Lithium niobate (LiNbO3) has the advantages of spontaneous polarization, high dielectric constant, and high voltage electric coefficient, and it can improve the photoelectric detection characteristics of graphene by polarized doping. In this work, n‐ and p‐doping of graphene is demonstrated at the same time with the help of local ferroelectric polarization of x‐cut LiNbO3. This high‐sensitivity and broadband p–n junction photodetector shows a wide detection range of 405 to 2000 nm, a responsivity of ≈2.92 × 106 A W−1 at an incident power of 24 pW (λ = 1064 nm), and a high detectivity of ≈8.65 × 1014 Jones. In particular, a fast rise/decay time of ≈23 ms/≈23 ms is achieved. The graphene‐based LiNbO3 (bulk) photodetector shows higher responsivity​, and the graphene‐based LiNbO3 (film) photodetector a faster response time. This work not only deepens and expands the basic research on 2D materials and ferroelectric materials, but also demonstrates the great potential of doped graphene materials for high‐performance photodetection.
Time‐Resolved Bright Red to Cyan Color Tunable Mechanoluminescence from CaZnOS: Bi3+, Mn2+ for Anti‐Counterfeiting Device and Stress Sensor
Authors: Yang Yun‐Ling , Yang Xue‐Chun , Yuan Jia‐Yong , Li Ting , Fan Yu‐Ting , Wang Lin , Deng Zheng , Li Qian‐Li , Wan Dong‐Yun , Zhao Jing‐Tai , Zhang Zhi‐Jun
Published: May 2021

Mechanoluminescence (ML) is a classical optical phenomenon that is induced by mechanical stimulus, and it can be applied to stress sensors, imaging, self‐powered display/lighting and anti‐counterfeiting. However, the realization of determining the magnitude of stress in real time by the changes of colors for stress‐induced display/lighting has been fundamentally challenging. Herein, the superior manipulation of colors from blue to red continuously by pressure or concentration is achieved in Bi,Mn co‐activated CaZnOS for the first time. CaZnOS:Bi3+,0.1% Mn2+ exhibits the ML color from red, orange, white, and cyan with the pressure from 0 to 5000 N. Moreover, ML color manipulation from cyan to red light is also achieved with difference in Mn2+ concentration. It is of note that there is a reversible phase transition of CaZnOS according to in situ X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectra at high pressure. Moreover, the correlation between crystal structure and ML properties, as well as the ML mechanism are established and discussed in detail. In conclusion, the present results demonstrate the Bi,Mn co‐activated CaZnOS as a novel ML material achieving multi‐color manipulation with great potential applications in the fields of novel mechanically stress‐induced display, ultrasound monitoring, and particularly advanced anti‐counterfeiting technology.
Physiological and transcriptomic response of soybean seedling roots to variable nitrate levels
Authors: Dai Yi , Tabassum Muhammad Adnan , Chen Lin , Pan Zhenzhi , Song Li
Published: June 2021

Nitrate is the main nitrogen source for plant growth and development. Increasing evidence indicates that nitrate plays an important role in root growth and development. However, the effects of different concentrations of nitrate on the physiological and transcriptional response of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] root development at the seedling stage are not well understood. In this study, we found that both high and low concentrations of nitrate inhibited the growth and development of the soybean root system compared with optimal nitrate supply at the seedling stage. Using transcriptome sequencing technology, we identified 1,654, 1,283, and 2,083 significantly differentially expressed genes in soybean root grown under the low nitrate concentration, optimal nitrate concentration, and high nitrate concentration conditions, respectively. These genes were enriched in the Gene Ontology terms of metabolic process, catalytic activity, and membrane. The genes enriched in the pentose and glucuronate interconversions and glutathione metabolism pathways may play important roles during soybean root response to different concentrations of nitrate. In addition, the expression of 18 nitrate transporter genes changed significantly under different nitrate concentrations. Among them, the expression of two GmNPF6.3 genes was upregulated under the NL condition but downregulated under the NH condition, whereas six GmNPF7.3 genes exhibited opposite expression patterns. Taken together, our physiological data can enable a better understanding of the soybean root response under different nitrate concentrations, and the transcriptome data provide a list of candidate genes for further investigation of the mechanisms of root response under different nitrate concentrations.
Simple model reduction technique for transfer function models
Authors: Ediga Chandramohan Goud , Ambati Seshagiri Rao , Manickam Chidambaram
Published: May 2021

In this work, a novel model reduction method is proposed for transfer function models. The method is based on equating the ratio of the coefficients of the ‘s’, powers of ‘s’ in the numerator to the corresponding coefficients of the s, powers of ‘s’ in the denominator of the closed‐loop transfer function of the higher order process to the closed‐loop transfer function of the reduced order model with PI controlling settings. Using this method, a stable higher order process is reduced to a first‐order plus time delay (FOPTD) model. The step response of the closed loop of the reduced order model is compared with the corresponding higher order process. The efficiency of the proposed method is shown for several examples and for the experimental temperature control process. By the proposed reduction method for higher order processes without zero, the reduced model time constant is simply written with the addition of the all time constants of the higher order process.
Structural investigations of polyurethane and silk‐polyurethane composite fiber studied by 13C solid‐state NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Asakura Tetsuo , Ibe Yusuke , Jono Takaki , Matsuda Hironori , Kuwabara Nobuo , Naito Akira
Published: May 2021

Bombyx mori silk fibroin (SF) fibers possess excellent mechanical properties together with biocompatibility and have attracted great attention in applications including biomaterials. The SF‐polyurethane (PU) composite materials are expected to improve the mechanical properties and expand the application of SF. In this article, PU consisting of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and poly (butylene adipate) is synthesized and characterized using 13C solid‐state NMR spectroscopy. Then, the regenerated SF‐PU (95: 5 wt%) fiber is prepared, which results in a 11.7% increase in tensile strength and 81% increase in elongation‐at‐break compared with those of SF fiber. The reason for the increase is due to the increase of random coil conformation in SF observed by 13C solid‐state NMR and the presence of IPDI in the PU. Thus, it can be emphasized that this PU is very effective in changing the conformation of SF fiber by increasing random coil fraction and improve the mechanical properties.
Self‐report screening instruments differentiate bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder
Authors: Palmer Brian A. , Pahwa Mehak , Geske Jennifer R. , Kung Simon , Nassan Malik , Schak Kathryn M. , Alarcon Renato D. , Frye Mark A. , Singh Balwinder
Published: May 2021

Background

Bipolar disorder (BD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) share overlapping phenomenology and are frequently misdiagnosed. This study investigated the diagnostic accuracy of the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) and McLean Screening Instrument for Borderline Personality Disorder (MSI) in a clinical inpatient setting and whether individual screening items could differentiate BD from BPD.

Methods

757 sequential inpatients admitted to a Mood Disorder Unit completed both the MDQ and MSI. Screen positive for the MDQ was defined as ≥7/13 symptoms endorsed with concurrence and at least moderate impact. Screen positive for the MSI was defined as a score of ≥7. The clinical discharge summary diagnosis completed by a board‐certified psychiatrist was used as the reference standard to identify concordance rates of a positive screen with clinical diagnosis. Individual items predicting one disorder and simultaneously predicting absence of other disorder by odds ratio (OR>and <1) were identified.

Results

Both screening instruments were more specific than sensitive (MDQ 83.7%/ 67.8%, MSI 73.2% / 63.3%). MDQ individual items (elevated mood, grandiosity, increased energy, pressured speech, decreased need for sleep, hyperactivity) were significant predictors of BD diagnosis and non‐predictors of BPD diagnosis. Whereas MSI subitem, self‐harm behaviors/suicidal attempts predicted BPD in the absence of BD; distrust and irritability were additional predictors of BPD.

Conclusion

While this study is limited by the lack of structured diagnostic interview, these data provide differential symptoms to discriminate BD and BPD. Further work with larger datasets and more rigorous bioinformatics machine learning methodology is encouraged to continue to identify distinguishing features of these two disorders to guide diagnostic precision and subsequent treatment recommendations.
Fortnightly or fractionated weekly docetaxel–cisplatin–5‐FU as first‐line treatment in advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: The randomized phase II DoGE study
Authors: Deleporte Amélie , Van den Eynde Marc , Forget Frédéric , Holbrechts Stéphane , Delaunoit Thierry , Houbiers Ghislain , Kalantari Hassan R. , Laurent Stéphanie , Vanderstraeten Erik , De Man Marc , Vergauwe Philippe , Clausse Marylene , Van Der Auwera Jacques , D’Hondt Lionel , Pierre Pascal , Ghillemijn Bjorn , Covas Angelique , Paesmans Marianne , Ameye Lieveke , Awada Ahmad , Sclafani Francesco , Hendlisz Alain
Published: May 2021

Background

While docetaxel/cisplatin/5‐fluorouracil (DCF) outperforms CF in first‐line gastric adenocarcinoma, toxicity remains an issue.

Methods

This multicenter phase II trial randomized chemonaïve metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma patients to fractionated weekly DCF (D 40 mg/m2, C 35 mg/m², F 1800 mg/m² over 24 h, on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks, arm (1) or fortnightly DCF (D 50 mg/m2, C 50 mg/m², F 2000 mg/m² over 48 h every 2 weeks, arm (2). Prophylactic granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) was not allowed. The primary endpoint was the rate of febrile neutropenia within the first six treatment weeks (early FN).

Results

A total of 106 eligible patients were recruited. The early and overall FN rates were 9.5% and 17% in arm 1, respectively, and 5.9% and 8% in arm 2, respectively. Grade ≥3 toxicities occurred in 81% of patients in arm 1 and 90% of patients in arm 2, the most common being neutropenia (33% vs. 61%), fatigue (27% vs. 25%), vomiting (21% vs. 12%), anorexia (19% vs. 18%), and diarrhea (17% vs. 10%). Median progression‐free survival and overall survival were 5.1 (95% CI, 3.2–6.5) and 8.2 months (95% CI, 6.0–14.5), respectively, in arm 1 and 5.2 (95% CI, 3.0–6.9) and 11.9 months (95% CI, 7.4–15.9), respectively, in arm 2.

Conclusions

Fractionated weekly and fortnightly DCF regimens are associated with a low risk of early FN, and a better hematological toxicity profile as compared to historical DCF without compromising efficacy. Both regimens offer greater convenience removing the need for systematic use of prophylactic G‐CSF.
Understand mental health impact of pandemic on sports medicine staff (Part 2)
Authors: Neal Timothy , Quandt Eric , Thornton James , Tucker James
Published: June 2021

No one could have predicted in February of 2020 the new and stressful roles that athletic trainers and team physicians would assume in managing the COVID‐19 pandemic in intercollegiate athletics.
ExpressGesture: Expressive gesture generation from speech through database matching
Authors: Ferstl Ylva , Neff Michael , McDonnell Rachel
Published: June 2021

Co‐speech gestures are a vital ingredient in making virtual agents more human‐like and engaging. Automatically generated gestures based on speech‐input often lack realistic and defined gesture form. We present a database‐driven approach guaranteeing defined gesture form. We built a large corpus of over 23,000 motion‐captured co‐speech gestures and select individual gestures based on expressive gesture characteristics that can be estimated from speech audio. The expressive parameters are gesture velocity and acceleration, gesture size, arm swivel, and finger extension. Individual, parameter‐matched gestures are then combined into animated sequences. We evaluate our gesture generation system in two perceptual studies. The first study compares our method to the ground truth gestures as well as mismatched gestures. The second study compares our method to five current generative machine learning models. Our method outperformed mismatched gesture selection in the first study and showed competitive performance in the second.
Pyramidal CdS Polyhedron Modified with NiAl LDH to Form S‐scheme Heterojunction for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Yang Mengxue , Wang Kai , Jin Zhiliang
Published: June 2021

The construction of a stable and efficient photocatalyst plays an important role in the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction of water splitting under visible light. In this work, both the pyramidal CdS polyhedron and NiAl LDH nanosheets were prepared by the hydrothermal method. Then, the CdS/NiAl LDH composite photocatalyst was successfully synthesized by physical mixing CdS and NiAl LDH. The best‐performing CdS/NiAl LDH photocatalyst shows out maximum H2‐production activity, which is about 6.31 times higher than pristine CdS. The loading of NiAl LDH nanosheets on the surface of pyramidal CdS polyhedron were verified by the XRD and the TEM characterization. The UV‐vis DRS indicated that the CdS/NiAl LDH composite photocatalyst was employed with distinct light absorption capacity compared with pristine CdS and pure NiAl LDH. Moreover, the CdS/NiAl LDH photocatalyst has efficient photon‐generated carriers separation capability. The outstanding photocatalytic H2 production of CdS/NiAl LDH profit from both morphological control and the formation of an S‐scheme heterojunction. Besides eliminating useless electrons and holes, the S‐scheme process could also provide more electrons to participate in photocatalytic H2 production.
Phosphate‐Based Self‐Immolative Linkers for Tuneable Double Cargo Release
Authors: Šimon Petr , Tichotová Markéta , García Gallardo María , Procházková Eliška , Baszczyňski Ondřej
Published: May 2021

Phosphorus‐based self‐immolative (SI) linkers offer a wide range of applications, such as smart materials and drug‐delivery systems. Phosphorus SI linkers are ideal candidates for double‐cargo delivery platforms because they have a higher valency than carbon. A series of substituted phosphate linkers was designed for releasing two phenolic cargos through SI followed by chemical hydrolysis. Suitable modifications of the lactate spacer increased the cargo release rate significantly, from 1 day to 2 hours or 5 minutes, as shown for linkers containing p‐fluoro phenol. In turn, double cargo linkers bearing p‐methyl phenol released their cargo more slowly (4 days, 4 hours, and 15 minutes) than their p‐fluoro analogues. The α‐hydroxyisobutyrate linker released both cargos in 25 minutes. Our study expands the current portfolio of SI constructs by providing a double cargo delivery option, which is crucial to develop universal SI platforms.
Auf stürmischer See an Deck bleiben
Authors: Kunz Peter M.
Published: June 2021

Führen ist keine strategische, mathematische Aufgabe zu manipulieren – führen ist eine strategische, emotionale Aufgabe, die Motivatoren der Mitarbeitenden anzusprechen. Unser Beitrag „Auf stürmischer See an Bord gehen‟ in CITplus 3/2021, beschrieb, wie a
Visualisieren, steuern, protokollieren
Authors: Fehrenbach Tobias
Published: June 2021

Die Anforderungen an Vakuum‐Prozessanlagen sind heutzutage insbesondere in der pharmazeutischen und kosmetischen Industrie äußerst komplex. Zugleich steigen die Anforderungen an die Sicherheit der Prozesse und an die Einfachheit der Bedienung. Mit der neu
Ist Ethernet‐APL marktreif?
Authors: Hennecke Andreas
Published: June 2021

Der Advanced Physical Layer für Ethernet, kurz Ethernet‐APL überbrückt die heute noch bestehende Klamm zwischen Leittechnikraum und Feld in einer Prozessanlage. Die Zweidrahtleitung ist für ihre Robustheit geschätzt und etabliert. Ethernet‐APL definiert a
A Highly Selective Metal‐Free Boron‐Based Catalyst for Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethylbenzene
Authors: Wang Yue‐Ran , Sheng Jian , Lu Wen‐Duo , Yan Bing , Lu An‐Hui
Published: May 2021

Main observation and conclusion

Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene is considered as an alternative route to styrene because of its exothermic and irreversible reaction nature, but encounters low styrene selectivity due to the deep‐oxidation over metal oxide‐based catalysts. Herein, we reported that a metal‐free boron‐based catalyst consisting of boron phosphate and boron nitride (BPO4/BN) exhibited high activity and selectivity in oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene. High selectivity of styrene (95.1%) was achieved at 27.7% ethylbenzene conversion level over the optimized BPO4/BN catalyst. The tetra‐coordinated boron (BO4) species of BPO4 was speculated to be responsible for the ODH of ethylbenzene, and a synergistic effect between BPO4 and BN can remarkably improve the catalytic performance of the BPO4/BN catalyst. The optimized BPO4/BN catalyst showed a higher styrene formation rate of 4.0 mmol gcat−1·h−1, compared individually to BPO4 (2.8 mmol·gcat–1·h–1) and BN (0.5 mmol·gcat–1·h–1).
A computational model of emotion based on audio‐visual stimuli understanding and personalized regulation with concurrency
Authors: Jiang Dazhi , Jin Donghui , Zhuang Jiaxi , Tan Daqiang , Chen Dicheng , Liang Yujie
Published: June 2021

The target of Emotion modeling is to establish an system that can perceive, recognize, and express emotions with concurrency which humanity have by proper mathematical models. A big challenge in Emotion modeling is to establish the complex personal system of an intelligent agent or machine in a quasi‐physical and quasi‐sociological way, so that it rationally responds to emotions and behaviors by different internal and external stimuli with concurrency. For this purpose, an emotion classification model is presented for the audio‐visual external stimuli based on an improved long short‐term memory network. Then, based on Gross's emotional regulation theory, a hidden Markov model is constructed to imitate the process framework of human emotional cognition and personalized emotional regulation and expression, so as to realize the machine's intuitive and reasonable response to stimuli with concurrency. In this article, a framework of machine personalized artificial emotion simulation is preliminarily constructed, which provides a new model for human–computer interaction, in order to provide a reference solution for machine emotion understanding and expression.
Platinized Titanium as Alternative Cost‐Effective Anode for Efficient Kolbe Electrolysis in Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions
Authors: Neubert Katharina , Schmidt Matthias , Harnisch Falk
Published: June 2021

Five commercial materials were assessed for electrochemical conversion of n‐hexanoic acid by Kolbe electrolysis. Platinized titanium performed best, achieving a coulombic efficiency (CE) of 93.1±6.7 % (n=6) for the degradation of n‐hexanoic acid and 48.3±3.2 % (n=6) for the production of n‐decane, which is close to the performance of pure platinum (89.7±14.4 and 55.5±3.5 %; n=6). 56.7 mL liquid fuel was produced per mole n‐hexanoic acid, converting to an energy demand of 6.66 kWh and 1.22 € per L. Using optical profilometry and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, it was shown that the degree of coverage of the titanium surface with platinum played the most important role. An uncovered surface of as little as 1–3 % already led to a deterioration of the CE of approximately 50 %. Using platinized titanium requires >36 times less capital expenditure at only <10 % increased operational expenditure; an electrode lifetime of 10000 h can be expected.
Geological storage of CO2–N2–O2 mixtures produced by membrane‐based direct air capture (DAC)
Authors: Tsuji Takeshi , Sorai Masao , Shiga Masashige , Fujikawa Shigenori , Kunitake Toyoki
Published: June 2021

Carbon capture and storage has been considered as a realistic approach to reducing atmospheric CO2 concentrations. However, the cost of capturing high‐purity CO2 typically used for geological storage (e.g., 98%) is high. Direct air capture (DAC), a technology that extracts CO2 of relatively low‐purity from the ambient atmosphere, has been recently proposed as a means to achieve negative CO2 emissions when the product is sequestered underground. Although the CO2 produced by DAC is of low‐purity, the other gaseous components (mainly nitrogen and oxygen) are not hazardous materials like NOx and SOx that must be typically dealt with by conventional projects in coal‐burning plants. Here, we evaluate geological storage of the low‐purity CO2 captured via advanced membrane‐based DAC technology. The ubiquity of ambient air is important in reducing transport costs and ensuring social acceptance as the CO2 product can be both produced and stored at sites in remote areas, such as deserts and offshore platforms. We calculated the density of CO2–N2–O2 mixtures via molecular dynamics simulation and evaluated the cost of the low‐purity CO2 storage. Our evaluation suggests that the storage of low‐purity CO2 in geological formations is environmentally acceptable and economically viable. © 2021 The Authors. Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
HIV‐induced neuroinflammation inhibits oligodendrocyte maturation via glutamate‐dependent activation of the PERK arm of the integrated stress response
Authors: Roth Lindsay M. , Akay‐Espinoza Cagla , Grinspan Judith B. , Jordan‐Sciutto Kelly L.
Published: May 2021

Despite combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) affects 30–50% of HIV‐positive patients. Importantly, persistent white matter pathologies, specifically corpus callosum thinning and disruption of white matter microstructures observed in patients with HAND despite viral control through cART, raise the possibility that HIV infection in the setting of suboptimal cART may perturb oligodendrocyte (OL) maturation, function and/or survival, influencing HAND persistence in the cART era. To examine the effect of HIV infection on OL maturation, we used supernatants of primary human monocyte‐derived macrophages infected with HIV (HIV/MDMs) to treat primary cultures of rat oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) during their differentiation to mature OLs. Using immunostaining for lineage‐specific markers, we found that HIV/MDMs significantly inhibited OPC maturation. Based on our previous studies, we examined the potential role of several signaling pathways, including ionotropic glutamate receptors and the integrated stress response (ISR), and found that AMPA receptors (AMPAR)/kainic acid (KA) receptors (KARs) mediated the HIV/MDMs‐induced defect in OL maturation. We also found that the treatment of OPC cultures with glutamate or AMPAR/KAR agonists phenocopied this effect. Blocking ISR activation, specifically the PERK arm of the ISR, protected OPCs from HIV/MDMs‐mediated inhibition of OL maturation. Further, while glutamate, AMPA, and KA activated the ISR, inhibition of AMPAR/KAR activation prevented ISR induction in OPCs and rescued OL maturation. Collectively, these data identify glutamate signaling via ISR activation as a potential therapeutic pathway to ameliorate white matter pathologies in HAND and highlight the need for further investigation of their contribution to cognitive impairment.
Experience, experience, experience: Too much of a good thing for executive performance
Authors: Hahn Huh‐Jung , Kim Sungjun
Published: June 2021

Cumulative work experience is considered as a critical contributor to one's performance. However, Human Capital Theory and The Experience Trap propose seemingly contradictory perspectives regarding the work experience–performance relationship, and thereby calls for a means for integration. In this study, we investigated the relationship between cumulative experience and work performance using data generated from a comprehensive questionnaire and executive performance appraisals of 376 executives from a large business group in South Korea. By measuring work experience using multiple proxies (organizational tenure, executive tenure, and self‐evaluated, cumulative work experience), we found that the association between experience and performance is not simply linear, but rather a curvilinear (inverted‐U shaped). The time‐lagged study design utilized across two time‐points ensured the robustness of this finding. Interestingly, a closer look at the nature of the curvilinear relationship for organizational tenure and self‐evaluated experience uncovered opposite trends, providing a multi‐faceted understanding of the experience–performance relationship. Our findings challenge the conventional belief in the linear relationship between experience and performance, and call for a critical assessment of current human resources (HR) practices that heavily rely on work experience.
A multi‐sensor evaluation of precipitation uncertainty for landslide‐triggering storm events
Authors: Culler Elsa S. , Badger Andrew M. , Minear Justin Toby , Tiampo Kristy F. , Zeigler Spencer D. , Livneh Ben
Published: June 2021

Extreme precipitation can have profound consequences for communities, resulting in natural hazards such as rainfall‐triggered landslides that cause casualties and extensive property damage. A key challenge to understanding and predicting rainfall‐triggered landslides comes from observational uncertainties in the depth and intensity of precipitation preceding the event. Practitioners and researchers must select from a wide range of precipitation products, often with little guidance. Here we evaluate the degree of precipitation uncertainty across multiple precipitation products for a large set of landslide‐triggering storm events and investigate the impact of these uncertainties on predicted landslide probability using published intensity–duration thresholds. The average intensity, peak intensity, duration, and NOAA‐Atlas return periods are compared ahead of 177 reported landslides across the continental United States and Canada. Precipitation data are taken from four products that cover disparate measurement methods: near real‐time and post‐processed satellite (IMERG), radar (MRMS), and gauge‐based (NLDAS‐2). Landslide‐triggering precipitation was found to vary widely across precipitation products with the depth of individual storm events diverging by as much as 296 mm with an average range of 51 mm. Peak intensity measurements, which are typically influential in triggering landslides, were also highly variable with an average range of 7.8 mm/h and as much as 57 mm/h. The two products more reliant upon ground‐based observations (MRMS and NLDAS‐2) performed better at identifying landslides according to published intensity–duration storm thresholds, but all products exhibited hit ratios of greater than 0.56. A greater proportion of landslides were predicted when including only manually verified landslide locations. We recommend practitioners consider low‐latency products like MRMS for investigating landslides, given their near‐real time data availability and good performance in detecting landslides. Practitioners would be well‐served considering more than one product as a way to confirm intense storm signals and minimize the influence of noise and false alarms.
Segmentation and classification of ground glass nodule on CT images
Authors: Wang Yanqiu , Yue Shihong , Chen Jun , Li Qi
Published: May 2021

The symptoms of lung cancer mainly manifest as lung nodules. The recognition and diagnosis of a ground glass nodule (GGN) are relatively difficult, and its image features are not easy to extract. To improve the accuracy of segmentation and invasive classification of GGN, a region adaptive Markov random field (MRF) model and a two‐channel integrated network based on densely connected convolutional neural networks (DenseNet) are developed in this paper. First, the lung parenchyma is segmented coarsely, and the corresponding contour is repaired. Afterwards, the fuzzy C‐means (FCM) clustering algorithm and a simple MRF model for the coarse segmentation of GGN are applied. Then, the region adaptive MRF model for the fine segmentation of GGN is used. Moreover, the two‐channel integrated network based on DenseNet is used for GGN invasive classification. Results show that the average value of the overlapping area ratio of the segmentation result to that obtained by one physician was 0.9144, and the accuracy of the proposed GGN invasive classification model, the specificity, sensitivity, and the area under curve were 92.553%, 87.500%, 97.826%, and 0.9715, respectively. The proposed segmentation method can segment GGN more accurately, and the corresponding GGN invasive classification model achieved satisfying classification performance.