bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Вплив порохових газів на організм людини
Authors: Tkachyshyn V.S. , Fomenko K.S.
Published: November 2016

Мета роботи: узагальнення даних про вплив порохових газів на стан здоров’я особового складу військових формувань. На умови праці військовослужбовців впливає ряд чинників середовища перебування, серед яких одним з несприятливих є забрудненість повітря пороховими (вибуховими) газами. Гострі отруєння (порохова хвороба) спостерігаються у випадках перебування в атмосфері, що містить високі концентрації зазначених сполук: при проходженні служби в артилерії, знаходженні в усіх видах броньованих машин, роботі з вибуховими речовинами. Найбільше токсикологічне значення в складі порохових газів мають монооксид та діоксид вуглецю, оксиди азоту. У статті розкриті особливості інтоксикації пороховими газами залежно як від специфічної дії кожного з компонентів суміші газів, так і від їх комбінованої дії. Ураження діоксидом вуглецю характеризується розвитком типової форми, симптоматика якої складається зі збудження дихального центру, гіперкапнії, наростанням явищ респіраторного ацидозу. У тяжких випадках настає смерть від центрального паралічу дихання. Залежно від концентрації порохових газів, співвідношення їх компонентів та інших факторів спостерігаються відхилення від типового перебігу. Жодна війна не проходила без участі монооксиду вуглецю. Його дія викликає утворення карбоксигемоглобіну з наступними змінами з боку крові, дихальної, серцево-судинної та особливо нервової систем. Вплив нітрогазів на організм проявляється переважно у вигляді токсичного трахеобронхіту, бронхіоліту, токсичного набряку легень. Одночасно можуть мати місце й зміни в системі крові (метгемоглобінемія). Лікування проводиться диференційовано залежно від клінічної симптоматики отруєння. Після отруєння пороховими газами тривалий час можуть спостерігатися залишкові явища отруєння у вигляді затяжного астенічного стану. Тому такі хворі мають потребу в більш тривалому терміні госпіталізації й спостереженні після виписки із стаціонару. З огляду на періодичну активізацію військових дій на сході України подальше вивчення впливу вибухових газів на організм військовослужбовців та використання цих знань на практиці має важливе значення як для медицини в цілому, так і для запобігання випадкам порохової хвороби або зменшення їх числа.
Роль та місце ω-3 жирних кислот у регуляції синдрому системної відповіді на запалення в пацієнтів, які отримують інтенсивну терапію
Authors: Matolinets N.V.
Published: November 2016

У статті проаналізовано сучасні наукові дані про роль ω-3 жирних кислот у комплексі нутритивної підтримки у хворих у критичному стані, їх вплив на динаміку синдрому системної відповіді на запалення (SIRS), синдрому протизапальної відповіді (CARS), а також синдрому змішаної антагоністичної дії (MАRS), що розвивається при взаємодії різноспрямованої (запальної/протизапальної) відповіді (SIRS/САRS). Призначення замісної імунокорекції в комплексі інтенсивної терапії критичних станів патогенетично обґрунтоване і показане як компонент цілеспрямованої органопротективної терапії. Наявність у пацієнтів синдромів SIRS або CARS повинно визначати вибір ліпідної емульсії в комплексі парентерального харчування з уключенням емульсій МСТ/ЛСТ з ω-3 жирними кислотами у хворих у клініці інтенсивної терапії. Використання ліпідних емульсій, збагачених риб’ячим жиром, сприяє зменшенню тривалості лікування в стаціонарі пацієнтів із критичними станами.
Етіологія, патогенез та інтенсивна терапія метаболічного ацидозу
Authors: Cherniy V.I. , Shlapak I.P. , Georgiyants M.A. , Tyumentseva S.G. , Kugler S.Ye. , Prokopenko B.B.
Published: November 2016

У статті надані дані щодо етіології, патогенезу, клінічних проявів, принципів діагностики та лікування метаболічних ацидозів: діабетичного і недіабетичного кетоацидозу, лактатацидозу в дорослих і дітей. Викладено сучасні напрямки інфузійної терапії кетоацидозу і лактатацидозу із застосуванням новітніх вітчизняних інфузійних засобів. У своїй статті автори зіставили алгоритми лікування кетоацидозу і лактатацидозу з рекомендаціями Британського товариства клінічної діабетології і Американської асоціації нефрологів, роблячи поправку на можливості вітчизняних лабораторних досліджень. Характерною особливістю деяких форм кислотно-основного дисбалансу, що часто зустрічаються, є тісне переплетення ушкоджуючих або пристосувальних елементів, чіткої межі між якими не існує. Багатофакторність і патогенетична неоднозначність порушень кислотно-основного гомео­стазу зумовлюють значні розбіжності в оцінці прогностичної значимості і стратегії лікування його складних форм. У клінічній практиці це часто призводить до невиправданої схематизації, «знеособлення» терапії, або, що ще гірше, до прагнення враховувати параметри кислотно-основного стану тільки при зміщенні рН в області загрожуючих життю значень.
Aplikasi Peminjaman dan Pengembalian Koleksi Berbasis Framework Code Igniter di Perpustakaan Jurusan Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan Fakultas Teknik UGM
Authors: Wijaya Bagus
Published: November 2016

A library is an important facility to support the academic activities of students. There are various types of collections that require good management in order that the information retained in the collections can be utilized by the user. The collection in the library can be easily borrowed and returned quickly so as to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the performance of library staff. The author aimed to facilitate library staff in providing collection circulation services, especially for students majoring in Civil and Environmental Engineering. The application was expected to give fast and accurate process in data as well as report collection.
Pengaruh Ketersediaan Koleksi Buku Fiksi Terhadap Minat Kunjung Siswa di Perpustakaan SMK Muhammadiyah Gamping Yogyakarta
Authors: Hastoro Bayu Widya , Rumani Sri
Published: November 2016

The purpose of the study is to identify (1) availability of fiction book collection at the library of SMK Muhammadiyah Gamping (2) animo of visits to the library of SMK Muhammadiyah Gamping (3) effects of availability of fiction book collection to animo of visits to the library of SMK Muhammadiyah Gamping (4) the degree of effects of the availability of fiction book collection to animo of visits to the library of SMK Muhammadiyah Gamping. Data were obtained through questionnaire, observation, interview, and documentation. The independent variable is availability of fiction book collection and the dependent variable is animo of visits. Analysis used product moment correlation and simple linear regression. Sampling used accidental technique involving 71 respondents. Data were processed using SPSS 22 for Windows. The result of the study showed there was effect of availability of fiction book collection to animo of visits (tcalculation was 0.644 and ttable 0.227). Thus the hypothesis that there was positive and significat effect of the availability of fiction book collection to animo of visits to the library of SMK Muhammadiyah Gamping was accepted. The degree of effect was obtained through squaring t table with the score 0.415 which indicated that animo of visits was affected by availability of fiction book collection as much as 41.5% and the rest (58.5%) was affected by other factors.
Vida fáctica y parusía en la Introducción a la fenomenología de la religión de Martin Heidegger
Authors: Barrera Contreras Miriam Ruth
Published: November 2016

In the 1920/21 winter term in Freiburg, Heidegger delivered the lecture entitled “Introduction to the Phenomenology of Religion”. On the one hand, this lecture reflects the influence of the Protestant theological tradition on Heidegger’s early work and, on the other hand, it shows the important hermeneutical transformation that took place in the philosophical project of the young master. Without reducing the importance of one of the first turns of his thought, this paper would rather trace the development of the aforementioned hermeneutical transformation in order to clarify those aspects of the early Christian experience which Heidegger considered philosophically relevant for understanding the human facticity within the context of a phenomenology, which , at that time, was understood as the original science of factual living.
Posibilidad de comprender a Dios mediante la gracia como expresión de libertad vinculada. A partir de la obra “Caminos del conocimiento de Dios” de Edith Stein.
Authors: Reyes Gacitúa Eva Pamela
Published: November 2016

This research aims to investigate the possibility of understanding God through grace as an expression of linked freedom in the book “Paths of knowledge of God” of Edith Stein. From there, we will underline some topics of influence of Dionysius the Areopagite to examine how the author has drawn, from truths accessible to reason, openness to faith in God revealed. This will relate us to man and, therefore, to his reflection on “accepted” grace as an expression of linked freedom.
La teología: ciencia normativa de la religión.
Authors: Lobo Bustamante Marcela
Published: November 2016

This paper intends to show the understanding of the epistemological statute of theology according to Paul Tillich, based on a programmatic conference given in 1919. In the conference On the idea of a theology of culture, Tillich enunciated the bases with which he would build his understanding of theology as a normative science of religion.
Moral cristiana y moral atacameña.
Authors: Ayora Pinós Xavier
Published: November 2016

This paper intends to show a brief anthropological moral vision of the “atacameño” world we currently know, linked to a Christian conception of life. The parallelism of beliefs and ethic conclusions between both cosmovisions lead us to reflect about the intrinsical value of the so-called natural religions and the constant challenge of faith inculturization.
Role of Echocardiography in Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Srbinovska Kostovska Elizabeta , Tosev Slavco , Andova Valentina , Antova Emilija
Published: November 2016

Infective endocarditis is an endovascular microbial infection of cardiovascular structures, localized on valves, large intrathoracic vessels, ventricular and atrial endocardium and prosthetic materials. IE may present as an acute, subacute and chronic disease. The incidence of IE ranges from one country to another within 3-10 episodes/100.000 persons per years. The classification of IE according to the localization of the infection is: left-sided native valve IE, left-sided prosthetic valve IE (PVE), right-sided IE and device-related IE.

Echocardiography plays a key role in each of the steps of assessment of IE: the diagnosis, risk stratification and follow-up of patients with infective endocarditis. The major echocardiographic criteria for IE are discovering vegetations, abscess, new valvular regurgitation and prosthesis dehiscence. According to the recent ESC recommendation for diagnosis and assessment of patients with IE, in all patients with clinical suspicion of IE, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is the first step of assessment. If we speak about patients with prosthetic endocarditis, then transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is recommended in case of poor quality of TTE and in majority of patients with positive TTE. If TTE examination is negative with low suspicion of IE, further follow-up has to be stopped. If TTE is negative but there is a high suspicion of IE, TEE has to be repeated in 7-10 days. Anatomical features on IE echocardiography have specific characteristics: vegetation, destructive valve lesion (perforation, prolapse of the valve) and abscess formation (more frequent in Ao valve and in prosthetic valve), which can be complicated with pseudoaneurysm and fistulization). Other cardiac imaging modalities (multislice computed tomogramphy (CT), magnetic resonance, 18F-fluorodesoxyglucose PET-CT, and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) /CT sometimes can be used in discovering complications in IE.

Conclusion: Echocardiography is useful in diagnosis of endocarditis, assessment of the severity of the disease, prediction of short-term and long-term prognosis, prediction of embolic risk, management of its complications, as well as deciding whether to operate or not and in choosing optimal time for surgery and follow-up.
Medical Ethnobiology and Indigenous Knowledge System Found In Darai Ethnic Group of Chitwan, Nepal
Authors: Poudel Manisha , Singh Nanda Bahadur
Published: November 2016

The present study focuses on traditional usages of animals and plants species for medicinal purpose and indigenous knowledge system existent in Darai ethnic group of Mangalpur VDC, Chitwan, Nepal. A total of 28 animal species and 76 plant species were found to be used by Darai people to treat 22 and 36 different ailments, respectively. Darai people have their own indigenous knowledge for making various bamboo products and fishing equipments and local drink (moat/muna). The existence of knowledge associated with animals and plants and their medicinal utility is currently threatened mainly due to modernization, easy access to health services, lack of interest of youngsters, few local healers and fading of ethnic characters of Darai ethnic group. Thus, documentation of such knowledge has become an urgent need.Journal of Institute of Science and TechnologyVolume 21, Issue 1, August 2016, page: 103-111
A Review: Lantibiotics, a Promising Antimicrobial Agent
Authors: Basi-Chipalu Shradha
Published: November 2016

Rise  in  multi  drug  resistant  bacteria  has  been  a  public  health  problem.  This has necessitated for the exploration of novel antimicrobials. Bacteriocins, probiotic bacteria, and bacteriophages are considered as alternatives to antibiotics. To this context, lantibiotics could be the future candidate for antimicrobial agent.Lantibiotics are synthesized ribosomally and  after posttranslational modification  active peptide is produced.Lantibiotics are lanthionine and methyllanthionine containing peptides exhibiting activity against multi drug resistant  pathogens. Besides its application  as  alternatives  to  old  antibiotics, they can be used as food preservatives, additives, probiotics, and prophylactics.Journal of Institute of Science and TechnologyVolume 21, Issue 1, August 2016, Page: 119-128
Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Bacterial Isolates from Post- Tracheostomised Patients Attending Tertiary Care Hospital in Nepal
Authors: Thapa Eliza , Thapa Roshan , Singh Anjana , Pokharel Bharat Mani , Devkota Upendra
Published: November 2016

The bacterial profile and their drug susceptibility pattern was studied in post-tracheostomised patients admitted in National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences. Identification of organisms was done by standard microbiological techniques and antibiogram was performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory standard (CLSI) guidelines. Significant growth was observed in 58.6% samples with polymicrobial growth in 19.5% samples among the total positive cultures. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the predominant organism (34.2%) followed by Acinetobacter spp. (31.8%), Escherichia coli (8.9%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (6.0%), Citrobacter fruendii (5.6%), Klebsiella oxytoca (4.0%), Providencia spp. and Staphylococcus aureus (2.8% each), Proteus mirabilis (2.4%) and Proteus vulgaris (1.2%) . More than 90% of Gram negative bacterial isolates were found resistant to Ampicillin, Cefixime, Cephotaxime. The most effective drugs against S. aureus were Vancomycin, Rifampicin, Amoxycillin and Clavulanic acid showing 100% sensitivity. Highest resistance rate was observed for Ampicillin (85.71%) and low for Gentamicin (14.28%). Findings of this study show emerging threat of multidrug resistant bacteria. Thus, periodic monitoring and assessing drug susceptibility pattern of bacteria and rational use of antibiotics in post tracheostomised patients were recommended.Journal of Institute of Science and TechnologyVolume 21, Issue 1, August 2016, page: 129-132
Study Of Signal Transmission through Different Array of Cu, Au and Ag Nanospheres
Authors: Chaudhari Dinesh Kumar , Ghimire Bal Ram
Published: November 2016

Twenty first century is the age of Information Technology and we always look for faster information transport and processing capabilities. Data can be moved by transistors and optical fibers. Transistors carry small amount of data and are small in size while optical fibers can carry huge amount of data but are much bigger in size. Metal nanostructures may possess right combination of electric and optical properties to tackle the issues outlined above and realized dream of significantly faster processing speeds. In this work, dispersion relation in Plasmon modes in linear chain and alternated chain of nanoparticles like silver-gold, and gold-copper were studied. Expressions of angular frequency of Plasmon modes, group- velocity and extinction- coefficient were derived by solving equation of motion of Plasmon oscillation on the single kind of nanoparticle and that on different alternated chain of nanoparticles. Expressions of angular frequency of Plasmon modes, group velocity and extinction coefficient were tested for specific linear chain of nanoparticles. Calculation showed that extinction coefficients for the linear chain of Copper, Gold and Silver nanoparticles are less and group velocities higher than that of alternated silver-gold and alternated gold-copper at their respective resonance frequenciesJournal of Institute of Science and TechnologyVolume 21, Issue 1, August 2016, Page: 133-139
Formulation and Evaluation of Antibacterial and Antioxidant Polyherbal Lotion
Authors: Gyawali Rajendra , Paudel Nira , Shrestha Sahana , Silwal Ashok
Published: November 2016

There is increased scientific evidence that plants possess a vast and complex arsenal of active ingredients which have the ability to calm or smooth the skin as well as restore actively, heal and protect the skin. The present work deals with the development and evaluation of the poly herbal lotion containing Trigonella foenum-graecum, Citrus lemon, Matricaria chamomilla and Cymbopogon citrates. Different types of formulations oil in water (O/W) herbal lotions namely F1 to F13 were formulated by incorporating different concentrations of stearic acid and Triethanolamine. Formulation of Triethanolamine and stearic acid was optimized as 2.52:9.35. The prepared lotion was evaluated for its antimicrobial, antioxidant and pharmaceutical parameters. The lotion formulation showed no redness, edema, inflammation and irritation during sensitivity test indication that it is safe to use. Stability studies of the lotion showed that the lotion was stable after three months.Journal of Institute of Science and TechnologyVolume 21, Issue 1, August 2016, Page: 148-156
Scale invariance of shallow seismicity and the prognostic signatures of earthquakes
Authors: Stakhovsky I R
Published: November 2016

The results of seismic investigations based on methods of the theory of nonequilibrium processes and self-similarity theory have shown that a shallow earthquake can be treated as a critical transition that occurs during the evolution of a non-equilibrium seismogenic system and is preceded by phenomena such as the scale invariance of spatiotemporal seismic structures. The implication is that seismicity can be interpreted as a purely multifractal process. Modeling the focal domain as a fractal cluster of microcracks allows formulating the prognostic signatures of earthquakes actually observed in seismic data. Seismic scaling permits monitoring the state of a seismogenic system as it approaches instability.
Sustaining Chili Pepper Production in Afghanistan through Better Irrigation Practices and Management
Authors: Walters S. , Jha Ajay
Published: November 2016

Water management and utilization is an ongoing problem in developing countries with semi-arid to arid climates such as Afghanistan. The lack of effective irrigation systems are oftentimes the most limiting factor for maximizing agricultural productivity in these countries. In Afghanistan, the most widely used irrigation methods are basin/border for cereal crops and furrow for vegetables and grapes, although drip irrigation is a technology that could be used to significantly improve water use efficiency (WUE) in horticultural crop production. Therefore, three irrigation methods (basin, furrow, and drip) were evaluated for their influences on chili pepper production and WUE at the Afghanistan Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock (MAIL) Badam Bagh Agricultural Research and Demonstration Farm in Kabul over the 2009 and 2010 growing seasons. Results from this study indicated that both drip and furrow irrigation provided similar high chili pepper plant growth and yield responses compared to the low amounts provided by basin irrigation (p ≤ 0.05). The drip and furrow irrigation methods provided a similar low incidence of Phytophthora blight disease, as 4% and 7% of chili pepper plants were visually afflicted by this disease, respectively, while an astounding 69% of chili peppers grown with basin irrigation had symptoms of this disease. Drip irrigation resulted in the best overall WUE (p ≤ 0.05), as this water delivery method utilized the least amount of water and provided the highest chili pepper yield. Furrow irrigation provided a lower WUE compared to drip, but was greater than that of basin irrigation. Although this study indicated that drip irrigation had the greatest WUE for chili pepper production, furrow irrigation is still the method of choice by farmers in Afghanistan to provide water to this crop. The associated costs with pressurized drip irrigation systems are too expensive for farmers to purchase and maintain, which has led to the widespread use of surface irrigation. Moreover, the resistance of growers to change to newer and more advanced technologies is commonplace in many developing countries, and without some type of improvement to current water management practices at the farm level, there is a bleak outlook to maximize agricultural productivity in these areas of the world with limited rainfall and minimal water resources. Although it is essential to sustain this important resource through better irrigation management practices, on-farm agricultural economics are often more important than the needs of future generations and the environment.
Valorization of Agri-Food Waste via Fermentation: Production of l-lactic Acid as a Building Block for the Synthesis of Biopolymers
Authors: Dedenaro Giovanni , Costa Stefania , Rugiero Irene , Pedrini Paola , Tamburini Elena
Published: November 2016

Global interest towards lactic acid production has recently significantly increased because lactic acid can be used as raw material for the production of polylactic acid (PLA), a polymer used in biodegradable plastics for its special, environmentally-friendly properties. However, the high production costs have hindered the large-scale application of PLA due to the high price of lactic acid. Here we evaluated the potential of pear pomace and ricotta cheese whey (RCW) as a low-cost source of nutrients for lactic acid fermentation of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus farciminis in microaerophilic conditions and mild sterility. After an initial lab-scale screening of 19 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains to select the highest producer of lactic acid, we reported the 1L-batch scale-up to test process efficiency and productivity of the most promising LAB strains. Batch fermentation of a 25:75 mixture of pear pomace and RCW, respectively, reached an overall yield factor of 90% and a volumetric productivity of 0.42 g/L·h.
Advances in Cancer Immunotherapy in Solid Tumors
Authors: Menon Smitha , Shin Sarah , Dy Grace
Published: November 2016

Immunotherapy is heralded as one of the most important advances in oncology. Until recently, only limited immunotherapeutic options were available in selected immunogenic cancers like melanoma and renal cell carcinomas. Nowadays, there is an improved understanding that anti-tumor immunity is controlled by a delicate balance in the tumor microenvironment between immune stimulatory and immune inhibitory pathways. Either by blocking the inhibitory pathways or stimulating the activating pathways that regulate cytotoxic lymphocytes, anti-tumor immunity can be enhanced leading to durable anti-tumor responses. Drugs which block the immune regulatory checkpoints namely the PD-1/PDL1 and CTLA 4 pathway have shown tremendous promise in a wide spectrum of solid and hematological malignancies, significantly improving overall survival in newly diagnosed and heavily pretreated patients alike. Hence there is renewed enthusiasm in the field of immune oncology with current research focused on augmenting responses to checkpoint inhibitors by combination therapy as well as studies looking at other immune modulators and adoptive T cell therapy. In this article, we highlight the key clinical advances and concepts in immunotherapy with particular emphasis on checkpoint inhibition as well as the future direction in this field.
Quality of Life and Poor Oral Health: A Comparison of Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Williams Kristin , Shamia Hebba , DeBaz Christine , Palomo Leena
Published: November 2016

Inter-relationships between traditional dental variables are becoming more evident in far reaching aspects of life, such as psychosocial interaction, self-esteem, overall health and even occupational performance. This study compares quality of life (QoL) in postmenopausal women (PMW) with poor oral health (POH) with QoL in PMW with good oral health. A total of 200 randomly recruited PMW received a dental evaluation and completed the Utian Quality of Life Survey. The participants were divided into POH and healthy groups based on a dental exam. Mean scores were calculated for each QoL item, domain and the overall summary score. For each of the four parameters for periodontitis diagnosis, periodontitis b s patients’ QoL outcomes were compared to those of healthy patients using a T-test with a threshold of significance at p < 0.05. QoL in all fields measured was significantly poorer in the POH patients compared to the healthy patients: occupational score (19.95 ± 5.35 vs. 27.56 ± 6.13), health score (18.02 ± 8.23 vs. 26.59 ± 6.45), emotional score (15.68 ± 10.22 vs. 21.15 ± 9.15), sexual score (6.2 ± 5.98 vs. 10.02 ± 5.35), and total score (60.21 ± 25.85 vs. 84.26 ± 22.35). This study finds that PMW with POH report significantly poorer quality of life. Clinicians caring for PMW should be aware that oral health impacts QoL and make appropriate referral decisions for patients’ dental care.
The Information Geometry of Sparse Goodness-of-Fit Testing
Authors: Marriott Paul , Sabolová Radka , Van Bever Germain , Critchley Frank
Published: November 2016

This paper takes an information-geometric approach to the challenging issue of goodness-of-fit testing in the high dimensional, low sample size context where—potentially—boundary effects dominate. The main contributions of this paper are threefold: first, we present and prove two new theorems on the behaviour of commonly used test statistics in this context; second, we investigate—in the novel environment of the extended multinomial model—the links between information geometry-based divergences and standard goodness-of-fit statistics, allowing us to formalise relationships which have been missing in the literature; finally, we use simulation studies to validate and illustrate our theoretical results and to explore currently open research questions about the way that discretisation effects can dominate sampling distributions near the boundary. Novelly accommodating these discretisation effects contrasts sharply with the essentially continuous approach of skewness and other corrections flowing from standard higher-order asymptotic analysis.
The Effects of Fertilization on the Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Ginkgo biloba L.
Authors: Guo Jing , Wu Yaqiong , Wang Bo , Lu Yan , Cao Fuliang , Wang Guibin
Published: November 2016

Ginkgo biloba L. is one of the most extensively planted and productive commercial species in temperate areas around the world, but slow-growth is the most limiting factor for its utilization. Fertilization is one of the key technologies for high quality and high forest yield. To better understand the impacts of fertilization on Ginkgo productivity, the effects of fertilization treatments (single fertilizer and combined fertilizer) on growth, nutrient content in Ginkgo leaves, and photosynthesis characteristics were studied in a 10-year-old Ginkgo plantation over two years. The single factor experiments suggested that DBH (diameter at breast height), H (height), NSL (length of new shoots), and V (trunk volume) showed significant differences between the different levels of single nitrogen (N) or phosphate (P) fertilizer application. Orthogonal test results showed that the nine treatments all promoted the growth of Ginkgo, and the formula (N: 400 g·tree−1, P: 200 g·tree−1, potassium (K): 90 g·tree−1) was the most effective. Gs (stomatal conductance) and Pn (net photosynthesis rate) showed significant differences between the different amounts of single N or P fertilizer application, while single K fertilizer only affected Pn. Combined N, P, and K fertilizer had significant promoting effects on Ci (intercellular CO2 concentration), Gs and Pn. N and P contents in Ginkgo leaves showed significant differences between the different amounts of a single N fertilizer application. A single P fertilizer only improved foliar P contents in Ginkgo leaves. A single K fertilizer application improved N and K content in Ginkgo leaves. The effects of different N, P, and K fertilizer treatments on the nutrient content of Ginkgo leaves were different.
JVLA Wideband Polarimetry Observations on a Sample of High Rotation Measure Sources
Authors: Pasetto Alice , Carrasco-González Carlos , Bruni Gabriele , Basu Aritra , O’Sullivan Shane , Kraus Alex , Mack Karl-Heinz
Published: November 2016

We present preliminary results of JVLA wideband full polarization observations of a sample of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) with very high Rotation Measure (RM) values, a sign of extreme environment. Polarization properties show a complex behaviour such that the polarization angle (PA) and fractional polarization (fp) change dramatically within the wide band. The measured RM is not constant within the wide band. Its complex behaviour reflects the complexity of the medium with the presence of several Faraday components. The depolarization has been studied by modelling the variations of the Stokes parameters Q and U together with the polarization parameters (PA and fp) with wavelength using combinations of the simplest existing depolarization models. With this JVLA study we could spectrally resolve multiple polarized components of unresolved AGN. These preliminary results reveal the complexity of these objects, but improvements to the depolarization modelling are needed to better understand the polarization structure of these sources.
Multiwavelength Picture of the Blazar S5 0716+714 during Its Brightest Outburst
Authors: Manganaro Marina , Pedaletti Giovanna , Doert Marlene , Bastieri Denis , Fallah Ramazani Vandad , Gasparrini Dario , Lindfors Elina , Lott Benoit , Nievas Mireia , Rani Bindu , Thompson David , Angelakis Emmanouil , Borman George , Gurwell Mark , Hovatta Talvikki , Itoh Ryosuke , Jorstad Svetlana , Kraus Alex , Krichbaum Thomas , Kuin Paul , Lähteenmäki Anne , Larionov Valeri , Lien Amy , Myserlis Ioannis , Tornikoski Merja , Troitsky Ivan , Zensus J. ,   The MAGIC and -LAT Collaborations
Published: November 2016

S5 0716+714 is a well known BL Lac object, and one of the brightest and most active blazars. The discovery in the Very High Energy band (VHE, E > 100 GeV) by MAGIC happened in 2008. In January 2015, the source went through the brightest optical state ever observed, triggering MAGIC follow-up and a VHE detection with ∼ 13 σ significance (ATel ♯ 6999 ). Rich multiwavelength coverage of the flare allowed us to construct the broad-band spectral energy distribution of S5 0716+714 during its brightest outburst. In this work, we will present the preliminary analysis of MAGIC and Fermi-LAT data of the flaring activity in January and February 2015 for the HE (0.1 < HE < 300 GeV) and VHE band, together with radio (Metsähovi, OVRO, VLBA, Effelsberg), sub-millimeter (SMA), optical (Tuorla, Perkins, Steward, AZT-8+ST7, LX-200, Kanata), X-ray and UV (Swift-XRT and UVOT), in the same time-window and discuss the time variability of the multiwavelength light curves during this impressive outburst.
Direct Imaging of a Toroidal Magnetic Field in the Inner Jet of NRAO 150
Authors: Molina Sol , Agudo Iván , Gómez José , Krichbaum Thomas , Martí-Vidal Iván , Roy Alan
Published: November 2016

Most formation models and numerical simulations cause a helical magnetic field to form, accelerate and collimate jets in active galactic nuclei (AGN). For this reason, observational direct evidence for the existence of these helical magnetic fields is of special relevance. In this work, we present ultra- high-resolution observations of the innermost regions of the jet in the quasar NRAO150. We study the polarization structure and report evidence of a helical magnetic field.
The Future is The Past: Methylation QTLs in Schizophrenia
Authors: Hoffmann Anke , Ziller Michael , Spengler Dietmar
Published: November 2016

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have remarkably advanced insight into the genetic basis of schizophrenia (SCZ). Still, most of the functional variance in disease risk remains unexplained. Hence, there is a growing need to map genetic variability-to-genes-to-functions for understanding the pathophysiology of SCZ and the development of better treatments. Genetic variation can regulate various cellular functions including DNA methylation, an epigenetic mark with important roles in transcription and the mediation of environmental influences. Methylation quantitative trait loci (meQTLs) are derived by mapping levels of DNA methylation in genetically different, genotyped individuals and define loci at which DNA methylation is influenced by genetic variation. Recent evidence points to an abundance of meQTLs in brain tissues whose functional contributions to development and mental diseases are still poorly understood. Interestingly, fetal meQTLs reside in regulatory domains affecting methylome reconfiguration during early brain development and are enriched in loci identified by GWAS for SCZ. Moreover, fetal meQTLs are preserved in the adult brain and could trace early epigenomic deregulation during vulnerable periods. Overall, these findings highlight the role of fetal meQTLs in the genetic risk for and in the possible neurodevelopmental origin of SCZ.
Research on the Relationship between Reaction Ability and Mental State for Online Assessment of Driving Fatigue
Authors: Guo Mengzhu , Li Shiwu , Wang Linhong , Chai Meng , Chen Facheng , Wei Yunong
Published: November 2016

Background: Driving fatigue affects the reaction ability of a driver. The aim of this research is to analyze the relationship between driving fatigue, physiological signals and driver’s reaction time. Methods: Twenty subjects were tested during driving. Data pertaining to reaction time and physiological signals including electroencephalograph (EEG) were collected from twenty simulation experiments. Grey correlation analysis was used to select the input variable of the classification model. A support vector machine was used to divide the mental state into three levels. The penalty factor for the model was optimized using a genetic algorithm. Results: The results show that α/β has the greatest correlation to reaction time. The classification results show an accuracy of 86%, a sensitivity of 87.5% and a specificity of 85.53%. The average increase of reaction time is 16.72% from alert state to fatigued state. Females have a faster decrease in reaction ability than males as driving fatigue accumulates. Elderly drivers have longer reaction times than the young. Conclusions: A grey correlation analysis can be used to improve the classification accuracy of the support vector machine (SVM) model. This paper provides basic research that online detection of fatigue can be performed using only a simple device, which is more comfortable for users.
English Stop-Smoking Services: One-Year Outcomes
Authors: Bauld Linda , Hiscock Rosemary , Dobbie Fiona , Aveyard Paul , Coleman Tim , Leonardi-Bee Jo , McRobbie Hayden , McEwen Andy
Published: November 2016

The UK is a global leader in stop-smoking support—providing free behavioral support and cessation medication via stop smoking services (SSS) without charge to smokers. This study aimed to explore the client and service characteristics associated with abstinence 52 weeks after quitting. A prospective cohort study of 3057 SSS clients in nine different areas of England who began their quit attempt between March 2012 and March 2013 was conducted. Important determinants of long-term quitting were assessed through quit rates and multivariable logistic regression. Our results showed that the overall weighted carbon monoxide validated quit rate for clients at 52 weeks was 7.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) 6.6–9.0). The clients of advisors, whose main role was providing stop-smoking support, were more likely to quit long-term than advisors who had a generalist role in pharmacies or general practices (odds ratio (OR) 2.3 (95% CI 1.2–4.6)). Clients were more likely to achieve abstinence through group support than one-to-one support (OR 3.4 (95% CI 1.7–6.7)). Overall, one in thirteen people who set a quit date with the National Health Service (NHS) Stop-Smoking Service maintain abstinence for a year. Improving abstinence is likely to require a greater emphasis on providing specialist smoking cessation support. Results from this study suggest that over 18,000 premature deaths were prevented through longer-term smoking cessation achieved by smokers who accessed SSS in England from March 2012 to April 2013, but outcomes varied by client characteristic and the type of support provided.
A Robot-Based Tool for Physical and Cognitive Rehabilitation of Elderly People Using Biofeedback
Authors: Lopez-Samaniego Leire , Garcia-Zapirain Begonya
Published: November 2016

This publication presents a complete description of a technological solution system for the physical and cognitive rehabilitation of elderly people through a biofeedback system, which is combined with a Lego robot. The technology used was the iOS’s (iPhone Operating System) Objective-C programming language and its XCode programming environment; and SQLite in order to create the database. The biofeedback system is implemented by the use of two biosensors which are, in fact, a Microsoft band 2 in order to register the user’s heart rate and a MYO sensor to detect the user’s arm movement. Finally, the system was tested with seven elderly people from La Santa y Real Casa de la Misericordia nursing home in Bilbao. The statistical assessment has shown that the users are satisfied with the usability of the system, with a mean score of 79.29 on the System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire.
Comprehensive Transcriptome Analysis Provides Evidence of Local Thermal Adaptation in Three Loaches (Genus: Misgurnus)
Authors: Yi Shaokui , Wang Sai , Zhong Jia , Wang Weimin
Published: November 2016

The geographic distribution of three Misgurnus species, M. anguillicaudatus, M. bipartitus, and M. mohoity, displays a specific pattern in China, coincident with temperature zones. In this study, we sequenced the transcriptomes of these three species and used the sequences to investigate the lineage-specific adaptations within the genus Misgurnus. In total, 51 orphan genes (19 in M. anguillicaudatus, 18 in M. bipartitus, and 14 in M. mohoity) that may contribute to the species-specific adaptations were identified. An analysis of 1392 one-to-one orthologous genes revealed significantly higher ratios of nonsynonymous-to-synonymous substitutions in the M. mohoity lineage than in M. anguillicaudatus. The genes displaying signatures of positive selection and rapid evolution in Misgurnus were involved in four function categories, (1) energy metabolism; (2) signal transduction; (3) membrane; and (4) cell proliferation or apoptosis, implying that these candidate genes play critical roles in the thermal adaptation of the fish to their living environments. We also detected more than five positively selected sites in cldn15lb and isca1, which function as important factors in paracellular Na+ transport and Fe/S cluster assembly, respectively. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into the adaptive evolution of loaches from different temperature zones in China and is a foundation for future studies to clarify the genetic basis of temperature adaptation in fishes.
Cuticular Lipids as a Cross-Talk among Ants, Plants and Butterflies
Authors: Barbero Francesca
Published: November 2016

Even though insects and plants are distantly related organisms, they developed an integument which is functionally and structurally similar. Besides functioning as a physical barrier to cope with abiotic and biotic stress, this interface, called cuticle, is also a source of chemical signaling. Crucial compounds with this respect are surface lipids and especially cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs). This review is focused on the role of CHCs in fostering multilevel relationships among ants, plants and Lepidoptera (primarily butterflies). Indeed, particular traits of ants as eusocial organisms allowed the evolution and the maintenance of a variety of associations with both plants and animals. Basic concepts of myrmecophilous interactions and chemical deception strategies together with chemical composition, biosynthetic pathways and functions of CHCs as molecular cues of multitrophic systems are provided. Finally, the need to adopt a multidisciplinary and comprehensive approach in the survey of complex models is discussed.
Role of Endogenous and Exogenous Tocopherols in the Lipid Stability of Marine Oil Systems: A Review
Authors: Suárez-Jiménez Guadalupe , López-Saiz Carmen , Ramírez-Guerra Hugo , Ezquerra-Brauer Josafat , Ruiz-Cruz Saul , Torres-Arreola Wilfrido
Published: November 2016

In marine organisms primarily intended for human consumption, the quality of the muscle and the extracted oils may be affected by lipid oxidation during storage, even at low temperatures. This has led to a search for alternatives to maintain quality. In this sense, antioxidant compounds have been used to prevent such lipid deterioration. Among the most used compounds are tocopherols, which, due to their natural origin, have become an excellent alternative to prevent or retard lipid oxidation and maintain the quality of marine products. Tocopherols as antioxidants have been studied both exogenously and endogenously. Exogenous tocopherols are often used by incorporating them into plastic packaging films or adding them directly to fish oil. It has been observed that exogenous tocopherols incorporated in low concentrations maintain the quality of both muscle and the extracted oils during food storage. However, it has been reported that tocopherols applied at higher concentrations act as a prooxidant molecule, probably because their reactions with singlet oxygen may generate free radicals and cause the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish oils. However, when tocopherols are included in a fish diet (endogenous tocopherols), the antioxidant effect on the muscle lipids is more effective due to their incorporation into the membrane lipids, which can help extend the shelf life of seafood by reducing the lipid deterioration that occurs due to antioxidant synergy with other phenolic compounds used supplements in fish muscle. This review focuses on the most important studies in this field and highlights the potential of using tocopherols as antioxidants in marine oils.
A Life in Newborn Screening
Authors: Levy Harvey
Published: November 2016

Newborn screening has revolutionized the diagnosis of many disorders, notably metabolic disorders. Whereas, formerly, a clinical presentation of developmental delay or other features led to the diagnosis, usually too late for optimal treatment, today it is an abnormal finding in newborn screening which leads to the diagnosis and presymptomatic preventative therapy. It is my good fortune to have been involved in newborn screening for virtually all of my 50 years in metabolic disorders—the first 31 years with direct involvement. I have been part of the expansion of newborn screening from the time of the original Guthrie bacterial assays to the addition of tandem mass spectrometry. Newborn screening continues to be a central part of my professional life. This article describes my journey in newborn screening as a metabolic physician and the hallmarks of this journey within the rich history of newborn screening.
Inebilizumab, a B Cell-Depleting Anti-CD19 Antibody for the Treatment of Autoimmune Neurological Diseases: Insights from Preclinical Studies
Authors: Chen Ding , Gallagher Sandra , Monson Nancy , Herbst Ronald , Wang Yue
Published: November 2016

Exaggerated or inappropriate responses by B cells are an important feature in many types of autoimmune neurological diseases. The recent success of B-cell depletion in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) has stimulated the development of novel B-cell-targeting therapies with the potential for improved efficacy. CD19 has emerged as a promising target for the depletion of B cells as well as CD19-positive plasmablasts and plasma cells. Inebilizumab (MEDI-551), an anti-CD19 antibody with enhanced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against B cells, is currently being evaluated in MS and neuromyelitis optica. This review discusses the role of B cells in autoimmune neurological disorders, summarizes the development of inebilizumab, and analyzes the recent results for inebilizumab treatment in an autoimmune encephalitis mouse model. The novel insights obtained from these preclinical studies can potentially guide future investigation of inebilizumab in patients.
Modeling Water Clarity and Light Quality in Oceans
Authors: Abdelrhman Mohamed
Published: November 2016

Phytoplankton is a primary producer of organic compounds, and it forms the base of the food chain in ocean waters. The concentration of phytoplankton in the water column controls water clarity and the amount and quality of light that penetrates through it. The availability of adequate light intensity is a major factor in the health of algae and phytoplankton. There is a strong negative coupling between light intensity and phytoplankton concentration (e.g., through self-shading by the cells), which reduces available light and in return affects the growth rate of the cells. Proper modeling of this coupling is essential to understand primary productivity in the oceans. This paper provides the methodology to model light intensity in the water column, which can be included in relevant water quality models. The methodology implements relationships from bio-optical models, which use phytoplankton chlorophyll a (chl-a) concentration as a surrogate for light attenuation, including absorption and scattering by other attenuators. The presented mathematical methodology estimates the reduction in light intensity due to absorption by pure seawater, chl-a pigment, non-algae particles (NAPs) and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), as well as backscattering by pure seawater, phytoplankton particles and NAPs. The methods presented facilitate the prediction of the effects of various environmental and management scenarios (e.g., global warming, altered precipitation patterns, greenhouse gases) on the wellbeing of phytoplankton communities in the oceans as temperature-driven chl-a changes take place.
Preparing for the Era of the Digitally Transparent Supply Chain: A Call to Research in a New Kind of Journal
Authors: Handfield Rob
Published: November 2016

We are commencing a new era in global trade: the era of the digitized supply chain[...]