bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of dams on sauger population structure and hybridization with introduced walleye
Authors: Rosenthal William C. , Mandeville Elizabeth G. , Pilkerton Ashleigh M. , Gerrity Paul C. , Skorupski Joseph A. , Walters Annika W. , Wagner Catherine E.
Published: July 2024

Dams have negatively affected freshwater biodiversity throughout the world. These negative effects tend to be exacerbated for aquatic taxa with migratory life histories, and for taxa whose habitat is fundamentally altered by the formation of large reservoirs. Sauger (Sander candadensis; Percidae), large‐bodied migratory fishes native to North America, have seen population declines over much of the species' range, and dams are often implicated for their role in blocking access to spawning habitat and otherwise negatively affecting river habitat. Furthermore, hybridization appears to be more frequent between sauger and walleye in the reservoirs formed by large dams. In this study, we examine the role of dams in altering sauger population connectivity and facilitating hybridization with introduced walleye in Wyoming's Wind River and Bighorn River systems. We collected genomic data from individuals sampled over a large spatial scale and replicated sampling throughout the spawning season, with the intent to capture potential variation in hybridization prevalence or genomic divergence between sauger with different life histories. The timing of sampling was not related to hybridization prevalence or population divergence, suggesting limited genetic differences between sauger spawning in different time and places. Overall, there was limited hybridization detected, however, hybridization was most prevalent in Boysen Reservoir (a large impounded section of the Wind River). Dams in the lower Wind River and upper Bighorn River were associated with population divergence between sauger upstream and downstream of the dams, and demographic models suggest that this divergence has occurred in concordance with the construction of the dam. Sauger upstream of the dams exhibited substantially lower estimates of genetic diversity, which implies that disrupted connectivity between Wind River and Bighorn River sauger populations may already be causing negative demographic effects. This research points towards the importance of considering the evolutionary consequences of dams on fish populations in addition to the threats they pose to population persistence.
Winter and spring frost events delay leaf‐out, hamper growth and increase mortality in European beech seedlings, with weaker effects of subsequent frosts
Authors: Muffler Lena , Weigel Robert , Beil Ilka , Leuschner Christoph , Schmeddes Jonas , Kreyling Juergen
Published: July 2024

The persistence of plant populations depends crucially on successful regeneration. Yet, little is known about the effects of consecutive winter and spring frost events on the regeneration stage of trees from different seed sources, although this will partly determine the success of climate warming‐driven poleward range shifts. In a common garden experiment with European beech (Fagus sylvatica) seedlings from winter 2015/2016 to autumn 2017, we studied how simulated successive spring and winter frost events affect leaf‐out dates, growth performance, and survival rates of 1‐ to 2‐year‐old seedlings from provenances differing in climate at origin. We further investigated the combined effects of successive frost events. The first spring frost after germination led to a mortality rate up to 75%, resulting in reduced seedling numbers but better frost tolerance of the survivors, as reflected in a weaker impact of the following winter frost event in the survivors compared to the non‐acclimated control. Final plant height was most strongly reduced by the spring frost in the second year. The winter frost event delayed leaf‐out by up to 40 days, leading to severe growth impairment in 2017. Our results indicate partly successful frost acclimation and/or the selection of frost‐hardier individuals, because the negative growth effects of consecutive frost events did not add up after exposure to more than one event. Both mechanisms may help to increase the frost tolerance of beech offspring. Nevertheless, mortality after the first spring frost was high, and frost exposure generally caused growth reductions. Thus, achieving higher frost tolerance may not be sufficient for beech seedlings to overcome frost‐induced reductions in competitive strength caused by winter frost damage and delayed leaf enfolding.
Using motion‐detection cameras to monitor foraging behaviour of individual butterflies
Authors: Dalbosco Dell’Aglio Denise , McMillan Owen W. , Montgomery Stephen
Published: July 2024

The activity of many animals follows recurrent patterns and foraging is one of the most important processes in their daily activity. Determining movement in the search for resources and understanding temporal and spatial patterns in foraging has therefore long been central in behavioural ecology. However, identifying and monitoring animal movements is often challenging. In this study we assess the use of camera traps to track a very specific and small‐scale interactions focused on the foraging behaviour of Heliconiini butterflies. Data on floral visitation was recorded using marked individuals of three pollen‐feeding species of Heliconius (H. erato, H. melpomene and H. sara), and two closely related, non‐pollen feeding species (Dryas iulia and Dryadula phaetusa) in a large outdoor insectary. We demonstrate that camera traps efficiently capture individual flower visitation over multiple times and locations and use our experiments to describe some features of their spatial and temporal foraging patterns. Heliconiini butterflies showed higher activity in the morning with strong temporal niche overlap. Differences in foraging activity between males and females was observed with females foraging earlier than males, mirroring published field studies. Some flowers were more explored than others, which may be explained by butterflies foraging simultaneously affecting each other's flower choices. Feeding was grouped in short periods of intense visits to the same flower, which we refer to as feeding bouts. Heliconius also consistently visits the same flower, while non‐Heliconius visited a greater number of flowers per day and their feeding bouts were shorter compared with Heliconius. This is consistent with Heliconius having more stable long‐term spatial memory and foraging preferences than outgroup genera. More broadly, our study demonstrates that camera traps can provide a powerful tool to gather information about foraging behaviour in small insects such as butterflies. © 2024 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
DNA barcoding is currently unreliable for species identification in most crayfishes
Authors: Allison Patrick F. , Pickich Emily T. , Barnett Zanethia C. , Garrick Ryan C.
Published: July 2024

DNA barcoding is commonly used for species identification. Despite this, there has not been a comprehensive assessment of the utility of DNA barcoding in crayfishes (Decapoda: Astacidea). Here we examined the extent to which local barcoding gaps (used for species identification) and global barcoding gaps (used for species discovery) exist among crayfishes, and whether global gaps met a previously suggested 10× threshold (mean interspecific difference being 10× larger than mean intra specific difference). We examined barcoding gaps using publicly available mitochondrial COI sequence data from the National Center for Biotechnology Information's nucleotide database. We created two versions of the COI datasets used for downstream analyses: one focused on the number of unique haplotypes (NH) per species, and another that focused on total number of sequences (NS; i.e., including redundant haplotypes) per species. A total of 81 species were included, with 58 species and five genera from the family Cambaridae and 23 species from three genera from the family Parastacidae. Local barcoding gaps were present in only 30 species (20 Cambaridae and 10 Parastacidae species). We detected global barcoding gaps in only four genera (Cambarus, Cherax, Euastacus, and Tenuibranchiurus), which were all below (4.2× to 5.2×) the previously suggested 10× threshold. We propose that a ~5× threshold would be a more appropriate working hypothesis for species discovery. While the NH and NS datasets yielded largely similar results, there were some discrepant inferences. To understand why some species lacked a local barcoding gap, we performed species delimitation analyses for each genus using the NH dataset. These results suggest that current taxonomy in crayfishes may be inadequate for the majority of examined species, and that even species with local barcoding gaps present may be in need of taxonomic revisions. Currently, the utility of DNA barcoding for species identification and discovery in crayfish is quite limited, and caution should be exercised when mitochondrial‐based approaches are used in place of taxonomic expertise. Assessment of the evidence for local and global barcoding gaps is important for understanding the reliability of molecular species identification and discovery, but outcomes are dependent on the current state of taxonomy. As this improves (e.g., via resolving species complexes, possibly elevating some subspecies to the species‐level status, and redressing specimen misidentifications in natural history and other collections), so too will the utility of DNA barcoding.
Root pH variation of herbaceous plants among plant functional groups in response to climate and soil gradients on the Tibetan alpine grasslands
Authors: Zhao Lirong , Pang Bo , Hong Jiangtao , Ma Xingxing , Du Ziyin , Wang Xiaodan
Published: July 2024

Plant pH is an emerging functional trait that plays important roles in physiological processes and nutrient cycling. However, how root pH varies among plant functional groups (PFGs) and the regulatory factors on a large scale remain unclear. Therefore, we quantified root pH variation of herbaceous plants in four PFGs from 20 sites on the Tibetan Plateau along a 1600 km transect and explored the correlations between root pH and different PFGs, climate and soil conditions. The results showed that the root pH of herbaceous plants was slightly acidic (6.46 ± 0.05). Grasses had the highest root pH (6.91 ± 0.10) across all functional groups (p < .05), whereas legumes had the lowest (5.90 ± 0.08; p < .05). The root pH decreased with mean annual precipitation, aridity index, soil water content and soil stress coefficient, whereas the significant positive correlation with soil pH. PFGs, climate and soil explained 5.39, 11.15 and 24.94% of the root pH variance, respectively. This study provided a comprehensive analysis of root pH patterns in herbaceous plants over a large spatial scale. Root pH was controlled by the combined influence of PFGs, climate and soil properties, with moisture status being the main influential factor. In contrast to the leaf pH, the root pH of herbaceous plants is strongly affected by the soil pH along environmental gradients. Our findings provide new insights into root functional traits and survival strategies of herbaceous plants in alpine ecosystems.
Substrate scent‐induced disproportionate seed dispersal by rodents
Authors: Guo Shuhua , Yi Xianfeng , Sui Meixia
Published: July 2024

Conspecific adults impose strong negative density‐dependent effects on seed survival nearby parent trees, however, the underlying mechanisms are diversified and remain unclear. In this study, we presented consistent evidence that parent‐scented forest floor masked seed odor, reduced cache recovery rate by scatter‐hoarding animals, and then increased seed dispersal far away from mother trees. Our results showed that seed odors of Korean pine Pinus koraiensis match well with the volatile profile of their forest floor. Moreover, scatter‐hoarding animals selectively transported P. koraiensis seeds toward the areas where seed odor was more contrasting against the background substrate, possibly due to the fact that accumulation of conspecific volatile compounds in caches hindered seed detection by scatter‐hoarding animals. Our study provides insight into the role of leaf litter in directing seed dispersal process, representing a novel mechanism by which P. koraiensis increases selection for seed dispersal far away from the parent tree.
Carbon dynamics in high‐Andean tropical cushion peatlands: A review of geographic patterns and potential drivers
Authors: García Lino Mary Carolina , Pfanzelt Simon , Domic Alejandra I. , Hensen Isabell , Schittek Karsten , Meneses Rosa Isela , Bader Maaike Y.
Published: July 2024

Peatlands store large amounts of carbon (C), a function potentially threatened by climate change. Peatlands composed of vascular cushion plants are widespread in the northern and central high Andes (páramo, wet and dry puna), but their C dynamics are hardly known. To understand the interplay of the main drivers of peatland C dynamics and to infer geographic patterns across the Andean regions, we addressed the following question: How do topography, hydrology, temperature, past climate variability, and vegetation influence the C dynamics of these peatlands? We summarize the available information on observed spatial and inferred temporal patterns of cushion peatland development in the tropical and subtropical Andes. Based on this, we recognize the following emerging patterns, which all need testing in further studies addressing spatial and temporal patterns of C accumulation: (1) Peatlands in dry climates and those in larger catchments receive higher sediment inputs than peatlands from wet puna and páramo and in small catchments. This results in peat stratigraphies intercalated with mineral layers and affects C accumulation by triggering vegetation changes. (2) High and constant water tables favor C accumulation. Seasonal water level fluctuations are higher in wet and dry puna, in comparison with páramo, leading to more frequent episodes of C loss in puna. (3) Higher temperatures favor C gain under high and constant water availability but also increase C loss under low and fluctuating water levels. (4) C accumulation has been variable through the Holocene, but several peatlands show a recent increase in C accumulation rates. (5) Vegetation affects C dynamics through species‐specific differences in productivity and decomposition rate. Because of predicted regional differences in global climate change manifestations (seasonality, permafrost behavior, temperature, precipitation regimes), cushion peatlands from the páramo are expected to mostly continue as C sinks for now, whereas those of the dry puna are more likely to turn to C sources as a consequence of increasing aridification.
Environmental DNA reveals fine‐scale spatial and temporal variation of marine mammals and their prey species in a Scottish marine protected area
Authors: Boyse Elizabeth , Robinson Kevin P. , Beger Maria , Carr Ian M. , Taylor Morag , Valsecchi Elena , Goodman Simon J.
Published: July 2024

Marine mammal foraging grounds are popular focal points for marine protected area (MPA) implementation, despite being temporally dynamic, requiring continuous monitoring to infer prey availability and abundance. Marine mammal distributions are assumed to be driven by their prey in foraging areas, but limited understanding of prey distributions often prevents us from exploring how shifting prey availability impacts both seasonal and long‐term marine mammal distributions. Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding could enhance the understanding of marine mammal habitat use in relation to their prey through simultaneous monitoring of both. However, eDNA applications focused on marine mammals or predator–prey dynamics have been limited to date. In this study, we assess spatiotemporal changes in the distribution and abundance of cetaceans, minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata), bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) in relation to key prey species in a newly established MPA, employing eDNA metabarcoding. We recovered 105 molecular operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from marine vertebrates using two primer sets targeting 12S and 16S genes, along with 112 OTUs from a broader eukaryotic primer set targeting 18S rRNA. Overall, key forage fish prey species, sandeels and clupeids, were the most abundant teleost fishes detected, although their availability varied temporally and with distance from shore. We also found clear spatial partitioning between coastal bottlenose dolphins and the more pelagic minke whales and harbor porpoises, paralleling availability of their main prey species. Other species of conservation interest were also detected including the critically endangered European eel (Anguilla anguilla), Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus), and the invasive pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha). This study demonstrates the application of eDNA to detect spatiotemporal trends in the occurrence and abundance of cetacean predators and their prey, furthering our understanding of fine‐scale habitat use within MPAs. Future long‐term monitoring of predator–prey dynamics with eDNA could improve our ability to predict climate‐induced shifts in foraging grounds and enhance rapid responses with appropriate management actions.
Nina Gilbert: Female leadership at Morehouse
Authors: Elfman Lois
Published: July 2024

As Georgia's Morehouse College celebrated women's history this March, the 157‐year‐old men's historically Black college, which has illustrious alumni such as Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Spike Lee, Julian Bond, and Sen. Raphael Warnock, recognized some of the women who played a vital role in the institution's contemporary success. Among those is Dr. Nina Gilbert, Executive Director of the Morehouse Center for Excellence in Education (MCEE).
Structural difference analysis of gut microbiota in different bone mass populations and relevant probiotic (lactobacilli) supplementation strategies
Authors: Pan Jiani , Yin Pingping , Yu Leilei , Zhang Heng , Zhang Chengcheng , Zhao Jianxin , Tian Fengwei , Zhai Qixiao
Published: July 2024

Disruption of the bone metabolic balance with advancing age leads to an escalating prevalence of bone‐related diseases, significantly compromising individuals’ quality of life. The gut microbiota actively participates in the regulation of bone metabolism, and perturbations in the gut microbiota can exacerbate bone diseases by compromising gut barrier integrity. Determining the microbial taxa involved in bone loss could offer valuable insights into the development of alternative therapies and nutritional interventions for disease management. Therefore, based on metagenomic and 16S ribosomal RNA data, this study analyzed the gut microbiota structure of 488 individuals with different bone masses (NC, normal; ON, osteopenia; OP, osteoporosis) to identify significant associations between the gut microbiota and bone loss. The results showed that at the genus and species levels, the microbiota diversity of the ON population increased, whereas that of the OP population decreased. Bacteroides were significantly enriched in the OP population, whereas the beneficial bacteria Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia, and lactobacilli decreased. Subsequent analyses revealed no significant variation in different bone populations in terms of Bifidobacterium levels, whereas lactobacilli exhibited diverse responses across distinct bone populations. The administration of lactobacilli effectively enhanced lumbar spine bone mineral density and modulated the gut microbiota structure in a population with unhealthy bone mass. This study contributes to the validation of the association between the gut microbiota and bone mass, enhances our understanding of the potential impact of probiotics (lactobacilli) on bone mass, and establishes a robust scientific basis for the application of probiotics in the regulation of bone mass.
Comparison of different green extraction methods used for the extraction of anthocyanin from red onion skin
Authors: Mirzazadeh Nasim , Bagheri Hadiseh , Mirzazadeh Mehdi , Soleimanimehr Somaye , Rasi Fatemeh , Akhavan‐Mahdavi Sahar
Published: July 2024

Green extraction primarily emphasizes developing new extraction techniques that consume less energy. It involves using safe, non‐toxic alternative solvents and sustainable natural resources to ensure the production of safe and high‐quality extracts. Red onion skin is an important source of anthocyanins, a subgroup of phenolic compounds. Anthocyanins are an important group of natural pigments that have attracted a lot of attention due to their health benefits. However, the instability and high sensitivity of these pigments have limited their use in food and cosmetics. Therefore, in this study, various modern green extraction methods were used, including solvent extraction, ultrasound‐assisted extraction, subcritical water extraction, microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE), pulsed electric field extraction, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and high hydrostatic pressure‐assisted (HHPAE) extraction, to specifically extract and purify anthocyanins. The extraction efficiency, specifically targeting anthocyanins, showed the highest efficiency with HHPAE (81.84%) and the lowest with MAE (40.01%). Measurement of total anthocyanin content revealed that HHPAE and SFE methods yielded the highest anthocyanin concentrations, with 248.49 and 244.98 mg/L, respectively. Identification of anthocyanin by LC–MS revealed that the main anthocyanidins in red onion peel are pelargonidin, cyanidin, delphinidin, and petunidin. These results indicate that innovative green extraction methods, particularly HHPAE and SFE, can effectively replace conventional techniques due to their superior efficiency and enhanced preservation of anthocyanin compounds.
The role of firm life cycle on capital structure of family firms over non‐family firms: Empirical evidence from India
Authors: Khurana Manpreet Kaur , Sharma Shweta , Miah Muhammad Shahin
Published: July 2024

This study attempts to identify and compare the critical determinants and the speed of adjustment to optimal capital structure across various stages of the firm life cycle (FLC). Signifying the attitude of family firms (FFs) owing to risk aversion and the need to preserve firm control, the study differentiates the debt policies of family and non‐family firms (NFFs) in an emerging economy. We use a target adjustment model and two‐step system generalised method of moments to analyse panel data on a sample of 1435 listed non‐financial firms spanning from 2013 to 2022. We find that compared to NFFs, FFs are inherently more indebted and adjust faster towards achieving optimal capital structure. Next, we find that firm's profitability, liquidity and tangibility are the major factors that significantly impact the quantity of debt across different stages of the FLC in both FFs and NFFs. Our results are robust to a battery of sensitivity tests. Our study suggests the significance of appropriate capital structure at different stages of the FLC.
Examining the roles of self‐compassion and self‐control in managing work–family conflicts and preventing burnout during the pandemic: A three‐wave longitudinal study in China
Authors: Chow Tak Sang , Tang Catherine So‐Kum , Siu Tiffany Sok U. , Kwok Helen Sin Hang
Published: July 2024

According to the Work/Family Border Theory, the pandemic‐induced disruptions, such as widespread teleworking adoption, have blurred work and family boundaries. Meanwhile, the Work–Home Resources Model posited that the impact of such disruptions on work–family conflicts and mental health depends on individual resources. Building on previous research, this study hypothesised that self‐compassion and self‐control mitigate pandemic burnout by reducing work–family conflicts during pandemic. In particular, we proposed that the proactive nature of self‐compassion motivates individuals to seek resources for managing work–family conflicts, while self‐control translates this motivation into action through behavioural regulation and adaptive coping. Using a three‐wave longitudinal design with 568 participants in China during heightened pandemic severity, the study revealed that both self‐compassion and self‐control were associated with lower pandemic burnout, mediated through reduced work–family conflict. The indirect effect of self‐compassion on pandemic burnout via work–family conflicts was significant only for individuals with high or average self‐control, emphasising the complementary role of both factors. Our findings underscore the protective value of self‐compassion and self‐control in navigating work–family conflicts during collective adversities, advocating for their incorporation in theoretical frameworks and practical intervention.
Microtubule depolymerization induces ferroptosis in neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Bandekar Mayuri , Panda Dulal
Published: July 2024

Estramustine (EM), a clinically successful hormone‐refractory anti‐prostate cancer drug, exhibited potent anti‐proliferative activity, depolymerized microtubules, blocked cells at mitosis, and induced cell death in different cancer cells. Altered iron metabolism is a feature of cancer cells. Using EM, we examined the plausible relationship between microtubule depolymerization and induction of ferroptosis in human neuroblastoma (SH‐SY5Y and IMR‐32) cells. EM reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The pre‐treatment of neuroblastoma cells with ROS scavengers (N‐acetyl cysteine and dithiothreitol) reduced the anti‐proliferative effects of EM. EM treatment increased labile iron pool (LIP), depleted glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) levels, and lipid peroxidation, hallmark features of ferroptosis, highlighting ferroptosis induction. Ferroptosis inhibitors (deferoxamine mesylate and liproxstatin‐1) abrogated the cytotoxic effects of EM, further confirming ferroptosis induction. Vinblastine and nocodazole also increased LIP and induced lipid peroxidation in neuroblastoma cells. This study provides evidence for the coupling of microtubule integrity to ferroptosis. The results also suggest that microtubule‐depolymerizing agents may be considered for developing pro‐ferroptosis chemotherapeutics.
Improving treatment fidelity: Factors that predict trauma‐focused cognitive behavioral therapy component use
Authors: Korenchuk Jennifer L. , Crockett Stephanie A. , Leibert Todd W. , Anderson Kelli B.
Published: July 2024

This study examined the utilization of trauma‐focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF‐CBT) treatment components, as well as factors that predicted therapist TF‐CBT component use. Participants were 264 TF‐CBT‐trained mental health therapists. The most frequently used components, as reported by therapists, were affect regulation, relaxation, and psychoeducation about trauma, while the least frequently used were in vivo exposure, conjoint sessions, and caregiver involvement. Results of a hierarchical linear regression indicated that therapist self‐efficacy and child trauma clinical beliefs (i.e., clinical structure and verbal capacity) positively predicted therapist TF‐CBT component use. Perceived barriers to TF‐CBT use negatively predicted therapist TF‐CBT component use. Implications for counseling practice and future research directions are included.
Microdroplet‐assisted protein adduct formation and characterization by mass spectrometry
Authors: Wang Chih‐Hung , Jen Hung‐Hsiang , Chen Fung‐Yu , Liu Kang‐Yu , Chen Shu‐Hui
Published: July 2024

There have been increasing interests in developing proteomics‐based protein adduct detection for monitoring carcinogen exposure risk. Generating adducted protein standards and characterizing the adduction sites by bottom‐up proteomics, however, require lengthy adduction and enzymatic digestion. Here we demonstrated that microdroplet can greatly accelerate the catechol estrogen adduction on hemoglobin (Hb) as well as one‐pot reaction of adduction and enzyme digestion in millisecond for bottom‐up characterization. The adducted Hb generated by microdroplet reaction was characterized to contain one to two catechol estrogens with the β chain of Hb (Hb‐β) by online in situ intact measurement of mass spectrometry. The adduction sites were further identified to be C112‐Hb‐β or C93‐Hb‐β by microdroplet one‐pot or two‐step adduction and digestion. These results were consistent with the intact measurement and also same as the bulk or endogenous reaction. This method is expected to be applicable to prepare protein standards adducted by other reactive oxidizing species to greatly save time and sample amount.
Defective acyclic colorings of planar graphs
Authors: Lo On‐Hei Solomon , Seamone Ben , Zhu Xuding
Published: July 2024

This paper studies two variants of defective acyclic coloring of planar graphs. For a graph and a coloring of , a 2‐colored cycle (2CC) transversal is a subset of that intersects every 2‐colored cycle. Let be a positive integer. We denote by the minimum integer such that has a proper ‐coloring which has a 2CC transversal of size , and by the minimum size of a subset of such that is acyclic ‐colorable. We prove that for any ‐vertex 3‐colorable planar graph and for any planar graph provided that . We show that these upper bounds are sharp: there are infinitely many planar graphs attaining these upper bounds. Moreover, the minimum 2CC transversal can be chosen in such a way that induces a forest. We also prove that for any planar graph and .
Beyond Western Notions of Creativity in Education: Toward a Trans‐Epistemological Approach
Authors: Mehta Rohit , Creely Edwin , Henriksen Danah , Henderson Michael , Crawford Renee
Published: July 2024

In this editorial for the special issue on Beyond Western Notions of Creativity in Education, we provide an overview of six articles that challenge the normative ontological, epistemological, and methodological underpinning of creativity research and practice in education. This special issue aimed to interrogate and problematize the notion of creativity as a Western conception, to expand it toward developing a more global, diverse, inclusive, and decolonized vision. Articles in this issue contribute to a more expanded conception beyond traditional Western ways of knowing and point to new areas for research within existing understandings of creativity. We explore creative practices and conceptualizations, as well as diverse research paradigms beyond Western traditions to present a more holistic understanding. We share implications for future research and practice for educators and scholars interested in expanding beyond the Western conceptualizations of creativity.
Guidelines of the Brazilian Society of Surgical Oncology for anatomopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular testing in female tumors
Authors: Ribeiro Reitan , Carvalho Filomena Marino , Baiocchi Glauco , Guindalini Rodrigo Santa Cruz , da Cunha Juliano Rodrigues , Anjos Carlos Henrique dos , de Nadai Costa Caroline , Gifoni Ana Carolina Leite Vieira Costa , Neto Renato Cagnacci , Cagnacci Allyne Queiroz Carneiro , Carneiro Vandré Cabral Gomes , Calabrich Aknar , Moretti‐Marques Renato , Pinheiro Rodrigo Nascimento , de Castro Ribeiro Heber Salvador
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Precision medicine has revolutionized oncology, providing more personalized diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring for patients with cancer. In the context of female‐specific tumors, such as breast, ovarian, endometrial, and cervical cancer, proper tissue collection and handling are essential for obtaining tissue, immunohistochemical (IHC), and molecular data to guide therapeutic decisions.

Objectives

To establish guidelines for the collection and handling of tumor tissue, to enhance the quality of samples for histopathological, IHC, genomic, and molecular analyses. These guidelines are fundamental in informing therapeutic decisions in cancer treatment.

Method

The guidelines were developed by a multidisciplinary panel of renowned specialists between June 12, 2013 and February 12, 2024. Initially, the panel deliberated on critical and controversial topics related to conducting precision medicine studies focusing on female tumors. Subsequently, 22 pivotal topics were identified within the framework and assigned to groups. These groups reviewed relevant literature and drafted preliminary recommendations. Following this, the recommendations were reviewed by the coordinators and received unanimous approval. Finally, the groups made the final adjustments, classified the level of evidence, and ranked the recommendations.

Conclusion

The collection of surgical samples requires minimum quality standards to enable histopathological, IHC, genomic, and molecular analyses. These analyses provide crucial data for informing therapeutic decisions, significantly impacting potential survival gains for patients with female tumors.
Contribution of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Seronegative Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Cen Yang , He Danqing , Wang Peiyao , Qin Yangyang , Huang Meng
Published: July 2024

Objective

This is a study to investigate the value of musculoskeletal ultrasound for the early diagnosis of seronegative rheumatoid arthritis (SNRA); and to study the relationship between anti‐cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (anti‐CCP) and the occurrence of bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) detected by ultrasound.

Methods

A total of 101 patients with RA or osteoarthritis (OA) admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from July 2022 to December 2023 were selected and divided into the SNRA group, the SPRA group, and the OA group. The patients' metacarpophalangeal joints, proximal interphalangeal joints, distal interphalangeal joints, and wrist joints of both hands were ultrasonically examined separately, and the extensor tendon, flexor tendon, synovium, joint surface, joint cavity, and bone surface were observed.

Results

The differences in the detection of joint effusion, bone erosion, and joint space narrowing were not statistically significant between SNRA group and OA group (P > .05), the differences in the detection of synovitis and tenosynovitis were statistically significant (P < .05). The mean levels of synovial hyperplasia grade and synovial blood flow grade between SNRA group and OA group were significantly different (P < .05). The differences in synovitis, tenosynovitis, joint effusion, and joint space narrowing were not statistically significant between SNRA and SPRA groups (P > .05), and the differences in bone erosion were statistically significant (P < .05). The mean levels of synovial hyperplasia grade and synovial blood flow grade between SNRA group and SPRA group were significantly different (P < .05). Logistic regression analysis showed that anti‐CCP antibody was an influential factor for bone erosion in RA patients (P < .05). The ROC curve was plotted, and the optimal cut‐off value of anti‐CCP antibody was 356.5 U/mL, at which time the AUC was 0.716, the sensitivity of diagnosing bone erosion was 0.714, the specificity was 0.694, and the Yoden index was 0.408.

Conclusion

In summary, ultrasound is helpful for the early diagnosis of SNRA by evaluating the condition of joints, synovium, and tendon sheath, and when anti‐CCP antibodies are positive, ultrasound is more likely to detect bone erosion. Ultrasound examination combined with anti‐CCP antibody can further observe the joint lesions.
An Unusual Phenomenon of Spontaneously Reversing Nystagmus in Peripheral Vertigo—A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Yeap Stephanie Y.Y. , Chan Yew M. , Yip Chun W. , Sim Brenda L.H.
Published: July 2024

Direction‐changing nystagmus on positional testing is classically ascribed to a central pathology. We herein report a case of a patient with Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) who demonstrated the unusual phenomenon of spontaneously reversing nystagmus, and discuss the theorised mechanisms with a novel illustration. In left lateral position, our patient's Videonystagmography (VNG) demonstrated an initially fast‐phase geotropic nystagmus (leftward‐beating, SPV 29°/s) which then paused for 8 s, then spontaneously reversed direction into a slow‐phase ageotropic nystagmus (rightward‐beating, SPV 7°/s). The rest of the neurootological examination and audiometry were normal. An MRI Brain scan also revealed no intracranial pathology. In subsequent reviews the vertigo resolved after repositioning manoeuvres for Left Horizontal Canal BPPV. With review of existing literature, this case may have exhibited coexistent left canalolithiasis and cupulolithiasis, resulting in simultaneous ampullopetal then ampullofugal forces in a single head position. Other posited theories include that of Endolymphatic Reflux and short‐term central adaptation of the Vestibulo‐Ocular Reflex. This case highlights a diagnostic challenge the otolaryngologists and neurologists may face with an atypical spontaneously reversing nystagmus in BPPV. However it remains a priority to rule out central pathologies first, and calls for specialists to take care in diagnosing horizontal canal BPPV by observing for a period of latency and spontaneous reversal of nystagmus first, so as to perform the appropriate repositioning manoeuvres. Laryngoscope, 2024
Influencing factors of particle deposition in the human nasal cavity
Authors: Guo Yingke , Tang Yuanyuan , Su Yingfeng , Sun Dong
Published: July 2024

Objective

To review the existing literature on the application of computational fluid dynamics methods to study nasal particle deposition and to summarize and analyze the factors affecting nasal particle deposition in order to provide theoretical references for the development of future transnasal drug delivery devices and the prevention of respiratory‐related diseases.

Data Source

PubMed and CNKI databases.

Methods

A search of all current literature (up to and including February 2023) was conducted. Search terms related to the topic of factors influencing nasal particle deposition were identified, and queries were conducted to identify relevant articles.

Results

Both the properties of the particles themselves and the environmental conditions external to the particles can affect particle deposition in the nasal cavity, with particle deposition showing a positive correlation with particle size, particle density, and airflow velocity, with increasing subject age leading to a decrease in deposition, and with the relationship between airflow temperature and humidity still requiring more research to further explore.

Conclusions

With the popularity of computational fluid dynamics, more and more scholars have applied computational fluid dynamics technology to explore the influence of different parameters on particle deposition. By summarizing and analyzing the influence law of various factors on deposition, it can provide a theoretical basis for the future development and application of transnasal drug delivery devices and the prevention of respiratory‐related diseases, which makes a significant contribution to the optimization of clinical disease prevention and treatment.

Level of Evidence

NA.
Zooplankton grazing reduces the persistence of an anthropogenic pollution marker in lake water
Authors: Borgomaneiro Giulia , Di Cesare Andrea , Callieri Cristiana , Corno Gianluca , Fontaneto Diego , Piscia Roberta , Eckert Ester M.
Published: July 2024

Wastewater treatment plant effluents release microbiological pollutants, including the intI1 gene (integrases of class 1 integron), which has been proposed as a target for monitoring anthropogenic pollution in surface waters. This gene correlates with antibiotic resistance genes, making it an important proxy for genetic contamination in aquatic environments. It is currently unclear whether intI1 found in lake water is mainly present due to continuous seeding or if autochthonous bacteria harbor this gene. To better understand the fate and dynamics of class 1 integrons in aquatic systems, we resorted to classical limnological monitoring of intI1 (qPCR) over multiple years in three different size fractions: free‐living bacteria, particle‐attached bacteria, and zooplankton‐attached bacteria. We also conducted experiments to elucidate the impact of grazers on the abundance of intI1. The monitoring of different size fractions of the Lake Maggiore microbial community showed a particle‐bound lifestyle for intI1‐hosting bacteria. Most of these bacteria originated from both a wastewater effluent that discharges into Lake Maggiore and the lake water itself (amplicon sequencing). We hypothesize that these bacteria grow on particles in open waters, making them particularly vulnerable to grazing by large filter feeders such as Daphnia. Therefore, the presence of Daphnia reduced the abundance of intI1 in lake water, whereas this was not true for other grazers such as Rotaria macrura or Poterioochromonas sp. Our study shows that the food web structure and temporal changes in the lake influence the abundance of intI1 and consequently the assessment of anthropogenic pollution.
Dynamic Information Encryption and Coding using Liquid Crystal Soft Helical Microstructures with Spiropyran Photochromic Switch
Authors: Qu Guangyin , Zhang Xiaojuan , Li Siqi , Kuai Yan , Xu Feng , Lu Liang , Liu Yu , Cao Zhigang , Yu Benli , Gomes Anderson S. L. , Hu Zhijia
Published: July 2024

In contrast to conventional anti‐counterfeiting technologies, which are susceptible to decryption and exhibit limited effectiveness, the utilization of light to dynamically configure soft materials in a fully reversible and programmable manner not only enhances data security but also improves anti‐counterfeiting performance. However, achieving precise control over reflection structural colors and laser wavelengths within a broad dynamic range remains a challenge. In this study, a UV‐responsive soft helical superstructure is established by combining a photochromic compound with chiral liquid crystals (LCs). By manipulating the Bragg reflection angle, structural reflection colors ranging from red to cyan are successfully achieved. The introduction of an anti‐counterfeiting technique that embeds diverse micro‐structures provides features such as color adjustability, erasability, and angle‐dependent stability. Using the unique properties of this soft helical superstructure, the implementation of a wavelength‐tunable LC bandgap laser through optically reconfigurable Förster resonance energy transfer processes is showcased. Furthermore, a straightforward prototype information encoder is developed to mimic the processes of information encoding and decoding, bypassing the need for complex algorithm design. This research underscores the practicality of LC helical soft systems, emphasizing their distinctive responsiveness to light and their applicability in optical programming photonics.
Mutated neuron navigator 3 as a candidate gene for a rare neurodevelopmental disorder
Authors: Umair Muhammad , Alharbi Meshael , Aloyouni Essra , Al Abdulrahman Abdulkareem , Aldrees Mohammed , Al Tuwaijri Abeer , Bilal Muhammad , Alfadhel Majid
Published: July 2024

Background

Neuron navigator 3 (NAV3) is characterized as one of the neuron navigator family (NAV1, NAV2, NAV3) proteins predominantly expressed in the nervous system. The NAV3‐encoded protein comprises a conserved AAA and coiled‐coil domains characteristic of ATPases, which are associated with different cellular activities.

Methods

We describe a Saudi proband presenting a complex recessive neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD). Whole exome sequencing (WES) followed by Sanger sequencing, 3D protein modeling and RT‐qPCR was performed.

Results

WES revealed a bi‐allelic frameshift variant (c.2604_2605delAG; p.Val870SerfsTer12) in exon 12 of the NAV3 gene. Furthermore, RT‐qPCR revealed a significant decrease in the NAV3 mRNA expression in the patient sample, and 3D protein modeling revealed disruption of the overall secondary structure.

Conclusion

For the time, we associate a bi‐allelic variant in the NAV3 gene causing NDD in humans.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Tannic Acid Synergistically Promote the Gut Barrier Integrity in a Rat Model of Experimental Diarrhea via Selective Immunomodulatory Cytokine Targeting
Authors: Shawky Lamiaa M. , Abo El Wafa Sahar M. , Behery Maged , Bahr Mohamed H. , Abu Alnasr Mahmoud Tawfiq , Morsi Ahmed A.
Published: July 2024

Scope

Diarrhea is a common health issue that contributes to a significant annual death rate among children and the elderly worldwide. The anti‐diarrheal activity of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and tannic acid (TA), alone or combined, is examined, in addition to their effect on intestinal barrier integrity.

Methods and results

Fifty‐six adult male Wistar rats are randomly assigned into seven groups: control, LGG alone, TA alone, diarrhea model, diarrhea+LGG, diarrhea+TA, and diarrhea+LGG+TA‐treated groups. Diarrhea is induced by high‐lactose diet (HLD) consumption. LGG (1x109 CFU/rat) and TA (100 mg Kg−1 d−1) were given orally 4 days after HLD feeding and continued for 10 days. Ileum specimens are processed for biochemical analysis of the local intestinal cytokines, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and histological study. Also, immunohistochemistry‐based identification of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) and zonula occludens 1 (ZO‐1) is performed. Compared to the diarrhea model group, both treatments maintain the intestinal mucosal structure and proliferative activity and preserve ZO‐1 expression, with the combination group showing the maximal effect. However, LGG‐treated diarrheic rats show a remarkable decrease in the intestinal tissue concentrations of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) and nuclear factor Kappa beta (NF‐κB); meanwhile, TA treatment leads to a selective decrease of interferon‐gamma (INF‐γ) and transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β1).

Conclusion

Individual LGG and TA treatments significantly alleviate diarrhea, probably through a selective immunomodulatory cytokine‐dependent mechanism, while the combination of both synergistically maintains the intestinal mucosa by keeping the intestinal epithelial barrier function and regenerative capability.
The myth of high‐resolution liquid phase biological electron microscopy
Authors: Egelman Edward H.
Published: July 2024

Cryo‐electron microscopy (cryo‐EM) has transformed structural biology over the past 12 years, with it now being routine rather than exceptional to reach a near‐atomic level of resolution for proteins and macromolecular complexes. Samples are immobilized by vitrification and this sample can be maintained at liquid nitrogen temperatures in the vacuum of the electron microscope with negligible sublimation. Due to the low electron doses needed to avoid radiation damage, averaging over tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of particle images is used to achieve a high signal‐to‐noise ratio. An alternative approach has been proposed where samples are at room temperature in the liquid state, maintained in the vacuum of the electron microscope by thin film enclosures that are relatively transparent to electrons while preventing evaporation of the liquid. A paper has argued that using this liquid‐phase approach, higher resolution (3.2 Å) can be achieved than using cryo‐EM (3.4 Å) when imaging and reconstructing adeno‐associated virus particles. I show here that these assertions are untrue, and that basic principles in mathematics and physics would need to be violated to achieve the stated resolution in the liquid state. Thus, high resolution liquid phase EM of macromolecules remains science fiction.
Treatment of Sinonasal Teratocarcinosarcoma: A case report
Authors: Yang Gang , Wang Xiaoshen
Published: July 2024

Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma (SNTCS) is a rare malignancy characterized by a highly aggressive nature. It mainly arises in the ethmoidal or maxillary sinus. SNTCS has a poor prognosis, with a mean survival rate of 55% at 2 years. Herein, we presented a case of advanced SNTCS successfully treated with surgery followed by chemoradiotherapy plus targeted therapy and reviewed the published literature on this rare entity.