bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a Low-pH Concrete Intended for Deep Geological Repository for Radioactive Waste
Authors: Pernicova Radka , Citek David , Dobias Daniel , Kolisko Jiri , Mandlik Tomas , Hausmannova Lucie
Published: January 2023

This article deals with the development of concretes intended to be used as construction materials in the Czech deep repository for radioactive waste. The basic requirements for this concrete are a reduced pH value, which must maintain a constant reduced pH with a value of around 11 in the long term, and mechanical properties comparable to conventional concrete. The raw materials for the production of the proposed low pH concrete come exclusively from the Czech Republic. Material characteristics were measured on fresh mixtures and concrete after 28, 56, and 90 days of curing. In addition to the basic raw materials (aggregate, cement, water), plasticizers, microsilica or slag, and defoaming agents were added to the mixture. The aggregate:binder ratio was approximately 5:1 and the w/c water coefficient was approximately 0.6. The mechanical properties of the final concrete were similar to the reference recipe of conventional concrete (the decrease was less than 10%) and the pH value was even below 11 after 90 days. The issue of a sprayed variant of the LPC mixture was solved within the project.
Seismic Performance and Optimization Design of a Post-Installed Elevator Shear Wall Structure
Authors: Chen Yuguo , Shen Linmin , Wen Ming , Chen Baokui , Jiang Jian
Published: January 2023

Post-installed elevator projects have grown significantly in recent years in response to the problem of insufficient vertical traffic capacity in existing buildings, but research on the seismic performance of post-installed elevator structures has been relatively limited. This study takes a 26-story-frame shear wall structure as an example. The seismic response characteristics of this structure before and after the installation of elevators were analyzed. In order to optimize the design scheme of the post-installed elevator structure, this study further analyzed how factors such as the standard height of the elevator shaft frame, the elevator location, and the way the post-installed elevator is connected to the structure affect the seismic response of the elevator structure. The results show that the post-installed elevators have a small impact on the seismic performance of the existing building and can slightly reduce the seismic response of the structure. In addition, the stiffness of the elevator shaft will be reduced, and its seismic response will be slightly increased as the standard shaft height is increased, but the construction cost can be reduced. The installation location has a greater impact on the seismic response of the post-installed elevator. The seismic response of the post-installed elevator is minimal when it is arranged near the elevator shaft of the existing building.
Disruption of CCL2 in Mesenchymal Stem Cells as an Anti-Tumor Approach against Prostate Cancer
Authors: Bui Quoc Thang , Lee Kuan-Der , Fan Yu-Ching , Lewis Branwen S. , Deng Lih-Wen , Tsai Yuan-Chin
Published: January 2023

Background: MSCs are known to secrete abundant CCL2, which plays a crucial role in recruiting TAMs, promoting tumor progression. It is important to know whether disrupting MSC-derived CCL2 affects tumor growth. Methods: Murine bone marrow-derived MSCs were characterized by their surface markers and differentiation abilities. Proliferation and migration assays were performed in order to evaluate the functions of MSCs on cancer cells. CCL2 expression in MSCs was reduced by small interfering RNA (siRNA) or completely disrupted by CRISPR/Cas9 knockout (KO) approaches. An immune-competent syngeneic murine model of prostate cancer was applied in order to assess the role of tumor cell- and MSC-derived CCL2. The tumor microenvironment was analyzed to monitor the immune profile. Results: We confirmed that tumor cell-derived CCL2 was crucial for tumor growth and MSCs migration. CCL2 KO MSCs inhibited the migration of the monocyte/macrophage but not the proliferation of tumor cells in vitro. However, the mice co-injected with tumor cells and CCL2 KO MSCs exhibited anti-tumor effects when compared with those given tumor cell alone and with control MSCs, partly due to increased infiltration of CD45+CD11b+Ly6G− mononuclear myeloid cells. Conclusions: Disruption of MSC-derived CCL2 enhances anti-tumor functions in an immune-competent syngeneic mouse model for prostate cancer.
Dexamethasone-Induced Fatty Acid Oxidation and Autophagy/Mitophagy Are Essential for T-ALL Glucocorticoid Resistance
Authors: Olivas-Aguirre Miguel , Pérez-Chávez Jesús , Torres-López Liliana , Hernández-Cruz Arturo , Pottosin Igor , Dobrovinskaya Oxana
Published: January 2023

ALL is a highly aggressive subtype of leukemia that affects children and adults. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are a critical component of the chemotherapeutic strategy against T-ALL. Cases of resistance to GC therapy and recurrent disease require novel strategies to overcome them. The present study analyzed the effects of Dex, one of the main GCs used in ALL treatment, on two T-ALL cell lines: resistant Jurkat and unselected CCRF-CEM, representing a mixture of sensitive and resistant clones. In addition to nuclear targeting, we observed a massive accumulation of Dex in mitochondria. Dex-treated leukemic cells suffered metabolic reprogramming from glycolysis and glutaminolysis towards lipolysis and increased FAO, along with increased membrane polarization and ROS production. Dex provoked mitochondrial fragmentation and induced autophagy/mitophagy. Mitophagy preceded cell death in susceptible populations of CCRF-CEM cells while serving as a pro-survival mechanism in resistant Jurkat. Accordingly, preventing FAO or autophagy greatly increased the Dex cytotoxicity and overcame GC resistance. Dex acted synergistically with mitochondria-targeted drugs, curcumin, and cannabidiol. Collectively, our data suggest that GCs treatment should not be neglected even in apparently GC-resistant clinical cases. Co-administration of drugs targeting mitochondria, FAO, or autophagy can help to overcome GC resistance.
Haploidentical versus Double-Cord Blood Stem Cells as a Second Transplantation for Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Lee Jong-Hyuk , Cho Byung-Sik , Kwag Daehun , Min Gi-June , Park Sung-Soo , Park Silvia , Yoon Jae-Ho , Lee Sung-Eun , Eom Ki-Seong , Kim Yoo-Jin , Lee Seok , Min Chang-Ki , Cho Seok-Goo , Lee Jong-Wook , Kim Hee-Je
Published: January 2023

There are limited data on second stem cell transplantation (SCT2) outcomes with alternative donors for relapsed AML after the first stem cell transplantation (SCT1). We analyzed the outcomes of 52 adult AML patients who received SCT2 from haploidentical donors (HIT, N = 32) and double-cord blood (dCBT, N = 20) between 2008 and 2021. The HIT group received T-cell-replete peripheral blood stem cells after reduced-toxicity conditioning with anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG), while the dCBT group received myeloablative conditioning. For a median follow-up of 64.9 months, the HIT group, compared to the dCBT group, had earlier engraftment, superior 2-year overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and non-relapse mortality (NRM) with similar relapse. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that HIT was significantly associated with better OS, DFS, and lower NRM than dCBT. Both longer remission duration after SCT1 and complete remission at SCT2 were significantly associated with a lower relapse rate. In addition, bone marrow WT1 measurable residual disease (MRD) positivity was significantly associated with inferior OS and higher relapse. This study suggests that T-cell-replete HIT with ATG-based GVHD prophylaxis may be preferred over dCBT as SCT2 for relapsed AML and that WT1-MRD negativity may be warranted for better SCT2 outcomes.
A Prolyl Endopeptidase from Flammulina velutipes Degrades Celiac Disease-Inducing Peptides in Grain Flour Samples
Authors: Ersoy Franziska , Beinhorn Philine , Schalk Kathrin , Scherf Katharina A. , Berger Ralf G. , Krings Ulrich
Published: January 2023

Celiac disease (CD) is an inflammatory disorder of the small intestine. Gluten peptides are supposed to be responsible for the reaction, the best-researched of which is the so-called ‘33-mer’. Analogous peptides in secalins (rye) and hordeins (barley) have been described. This study presents the degradation of gliadins, glutenins, hordeins and secalins purified from the respective flours using a prolyl endopeptidase from the Basidiomycete Flammulina velutipes (FvpP). The flour fractions were incubated with the enzyme, and the cleavage sites were determined using high-resolution nLC-qTOF-MS/MS. For the wheat samples, eight cleavage sites in the 33-mer peptide were shown, and all of the six described epitopes were successfully cleaved. For the commercially available prolyl-specific endopeptidase from Aspergillus niger (An-Pep), which was used as a control, only two cleavage sites that cleaved three of the six epitopes were identified. For the secalins, four prolyl-specific cleavage sites in the CD-active peptide QPFPQPQQPIPQ were found for the FvpP but none for the An-Pep. The CD-active peptide QPFPQPEQPFPW in C-hordein was cleaved at three prolyl-specific positions by the FvpP. The study proves the usability of FvpP to degrade CD-inducing peptides in real-grain flour samples and indicates its higher effectiveness compared with An-Pep. A clinical study would be required to assess the therapeutic or preventive potential of FvpP for CD.
Non-Conventional Synthesis and Repetitive Application of Magnetic Visible Light Photocatalyst Powder Consisting of Bi-Layered C-Doped TiO2 and Ni Particles
Authors: Lelis Martynas , Tuckute Simona , Urbonavicius Marius , Varnagiris Sarunas , Demikyte Emilija
Published: January 2023

In the current study, a non-conventional application of the magnetron sputtering technique was proposed. A four-step synthesis procedure allowed us to produce a magnetic photocatalyst powder consisting of bi-layered particles with carbon-doped TiO2 on one side, and metallic Ni on the other side. XRD, SEM and EDS methods were used for sample characterization. It was determined, that after the sputtering process optimization, the bandgap of carbon-doped TiO2 was reduced to approximately 3.1 eV and its light adsorption increased over the whole visible light spectrum. The repetitive Rhodamine B solution bleaching with magnetic photocatalyst powder and visible light showed interesting evolvement of photocatalyst efficiency. After the first cycle, Rhodamine B concentration was reduced by just 35%. However, after the second cycle, the reduction had already reached nearly 50%. Photocatalytic bleaching efficiency continued to improve rapidly until higher than 95% of Rhodamine B concentration reduction was achieved (at tenth cycle). For the next ten cycles, photocatalytic bleaching efficiency remained relatively stable. The initial gain in efficiency was attributed to the magnetic photocatalyst particle size reduction from an initial diameter of 100–150 µm to 5 µm. Naturally, the 20–30 times size reduction resulted in a remarkably increased active surface area, which was a key factor for the increased performance.
Molecular and Cellular Characterization of the TH Pathway in the Sea Urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Authors: Cocurullo Maria , Paganos Periklis , Wood Natalie J. , Arnone Maria I. , Oliveri Paola
Published: January 2023

Thyroid Hormones (THs) are a class of signaling molecules produced by coupling iodine with tyrosine residues. In vertebrates, extensive data support their important role in a variety of processes such as metabolism, development and metamorphosis. On the other hand, in invertebrates, the synthesis and role of the THs have been, so far, poorly investigated, thus limiting our understanding of the function and evolution of this important animal signaling pathway. In sea urchins, for example, while several studies focused on the availability and function of external sources of iodotyrosines, preliminary evidence suggests that an endogenous TH pathway might be in place. Here, integrating available literature with an in silico analysis, various homologous genes of the vertebrate TH molecular toolkit have been identified in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. They include genes involved in the synthesis (Sp-Pxdn), metabolism (Sp-Dios), transport (Sp-Ttrl, Sp-Mct7/8/10) and response (Sp-Thr, Sp-Rxr and Sp-Integrin αP) to thyroid hormones. To understand the cell type(s) involved in TH synthesis and/or response, we studied the spatial expression of the TH toolkit during urchin development. Exploiting single-cell transcriptomics data in conjunction with in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, we identified cell types that are potentially producing or responding to THs in the sea urchin. Finally, growing sea urchin embryos until the larva stage with and without a source of inorganic iodine, we provided evidence that iodine organification is important for larval skeleton growth.
Rescue of Mitochondrial Function in Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome by the Pharmacological Modulation of Exportin CRM1
Authors: Monterrubio-Ledezma Feliciano , Navarro-García Fernando , Massieu Lourdes , Mondragón-Flores Ricardo , Soto-Ponce Luz Adriana , Magaña Jonathan J. , Cisneros Bulmaro
Published: January 2023

Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare premature aging disorder caused by the expression of progerin, a mutant variant of Lamin A. Recently, HGPS studies have gained relevance because unraveling its underlying mechanism would help to understand physiological aging. We previously reported that the CRM1-mediated nuclear protein export pathway is exacerbated in HGPS cells, provoking the mislocalization of numerous protein targets of CRM1. We showed that normalization of this mechanism by pharmacologically inhibiting CRM1 with LMB (specific CRM1 inhibitor), mitigates the senescent phenotype of HGPS cells. Since mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of HGPS, in this study we analyze the effect of LMB on mitochondrial function. Remarkably, LMB treatment induced the recovery of mitochondrial function in HGPS cells, as shown by the improvement in mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ATP levels, which consequently impeded the accumulation of ROS but not mitochondrial superoxide. We provide evidence that the beneficial effect of LMB is mechanistically based on a combinatory effect on mitochondrial biogenesis via upregulation of PGC-1α expression (master transcription cofactor of mitochondrial genes), and mitophagy through the recovery of lysosomal content. The use of exportin CRM1 inhibitors constitutes a promising strategy to treat HGPS and other diseases characterized by mitochondrial impairment.
Macrophages: From Simple Phagocyte to an Integrative Regulatory Cell for Inflammation and Tissue Regeneration—A Review of the Literature
Authors: Mamilos Andreas , Winter Lina , Schmitt Volker H. , Barsch Friedrich , Grevenstein David , Wagner Willi , Babel Maximilian , Keller Karsten , Schmitt Christine , Gürtler Florian , Schreml Stephan , Niedermair Tanja , Rupp Markus , Alt Volker , Brochhausen Christoph
Published: January 2023

The understanding of macrophages and their pathophysiological role has dramatically changed within the last decades. Macrophages represent a very interesting cell type with regard to biomaterial-based tissue engineering and regeneration. In this context, macrophages play a crucial role in the biocompatibility and degradation of implanted biomaterials. Furthermore, a better understanding of the functionality of macrophages opens perspectives for potential guidance and modulation to turn inflammation into regeneration. Such knowledge may help to improve not only the biocompatibility of scaffold materials but also the integration, maturation, and preservation of scaffold-cell constructs or induce regeneration. Nowadays, macrophages are classified into two subpopulations, the classically activated macrophages (M1 macrophages) with pro-inflammatory properties and the alternatively activated macrophages (M2 macrophages) with anti-inflammatory properties. The present narrative review gives an overview of the different functions of macrophages and summarizes the recent state of knowledge regarding different types of macrophages and their functions, with special emphasis on tissue engineering and tissue regeneration.
Fabrication Scaffold with High Dimensional Control for Spheroids with Undifferentiated iPS Cell Properties
Authors: Togo Hidetaka , Terada Kento , Ujitsugu Akira , Hirose Yudai , Takeuchi Hiroki , Kusunoki Masanobu
Published: January 2023

Spheroids are expected to aid the establishment of an in vitro-based cell culture system that can realistically reproduce cellular dynamics in vivo. We developed a fluoropolymer scaffold with an extracellular matrix (ECM) dot array and confirmed the possibility of mass-producing spheroids with uniform dimensions. Controlling the quality of ECM dots is important as it ensures spheroid uniformity, but issues such as pattern deviation and ECM drying persist in the conventional microstamping method. In this study, these problems were overcome via ECM dot printing using a resin mask with dot-patterned holes. For dot diameters of φ 300 μm, 400 μm, and 600 μm, the average spheroid diameters of human iPS cells (hiPSCs) were φ 260.8 μm, 292.4 μm, and 330.7 μm, respectively. The standard deviation when each average was normalized to 100 was 14.1%. A high throughput of 89.9% for colony formation rate to the number of dots and 89.3% for spheroid collection rate was achieved. The cells proliferated on ECM dots, and the colonies could be naturally detached from the scaffold without the use of enzymes, so there was almost no stimulation of the cells. Thus, the undifferentiated nature of hiPSCs was maintained until day 4. Therefore, this method is expected to be useful in drug discovery and regenerative medicine.
Extracellular Vesicles Biogenesis, Cargo Sorting and Implications in Disease Conditions
Authors: Fonseka Pamali , Mathivanan Suresh
Published: January 2023

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small packages that contain proteins, lipids and nucleic acids and are released by various cell types [...]
The Expression of Cellular Prion Protein, PrPC, Favors pTau Propagation and Blocks NMDAR Signaling in Primary Cortical Neurons
Authors: Rivas-Santisteban Rafael , Raïch Iu , Aguinaga David , Saura Carlos A. , Franco Rafael , Navarro Gemma
Published: January 2023

Background: The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is a target in current treatments for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The human prion protein (PrPC) has an important role in the pathophysiology of AD. We hypothesized that PrPC modulates NMDA signaling, thus being a process associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Methods: NMDAR signaling was characterized in the absence or presence of PrPC in cAMP level determination, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and label-free assays in homologous and heterologous systems. Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer was used to detect the formation of NMDAR-PrPC complexes. AXIS™ Axon Isolation Devices were used to determine axonal transport of Tau and pTau proteins in cortical primary neurons in the absence or presence of PrPC. Finally, proximity ligation assays were used to quantify NMDA-PrPC complex formation in neuronal primary cultures isolated from APPSw/Ind transgenic mice, an Alzheimer’s disease model expressing the Indiana and Swedish mutated version of the human amyloid precursor protein (APP). Results: We discovered a direct interaction between the PrPC and the NMDAR and we found a negative modulation of NMDAR-mediated signaling due to the NMDAR-PrPC interaction. In mice primary neurons, we identified NMDA-PrPC complexes where PrPC was capable of blocking NMDAR-mediated effects. In addition, we observed how the presence of PrPC results in increased neurotoxicity and neuronal death. Similarly, in microglial primary cultures, we observed that PrPC caused a blockade of the NMDA receptor link to the MAPK signaling cascade. Interestingly, a significant increase in NMDA-PrPC macromolecular complexes was observed in cortical neurons isolated from the APPSw,Ind transgenic model of AD. Conclusions: PrPC can interact with the NMDAR, and the interaction results in the alteration of the receptor functionality. NMDAR-PrPC complexes are overexpressed in neurons of APPSw/Ind mouse brain. In addition, PrPC exacerbates axonal transport of Tau and pTau proteins.
Increasing the Flow Stress during High-Temperature Deformation of Aluminum Matrix Composites Reinforced with TiC-Coated CNTs
Authors: Aborkin Artemiy V. , Bokaryov Dmitriy V. , Pankratov Sergey A. , Elkin Alexey I.
Published: January 2023

In this work, composites based on AA5049 aluminium alloy reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and multiwalled TiC-coated CNTs were prepared by powder metallurgy. For the first time, the effect of TiC coating on the CNT surface on the flow stress of aluminum matrix composites under compressive conditions at 300–500 °C has been investigated. It was found that composites reinforced with TiC-coated CNTs have a higher flow stress during high-temperature deformation compared to composites reinforced with uncoated CNTs. Moreover, with an increasing temperature in the 300–500 °C range, the strengthening effect increases from 14% to 37%. Compared to the reference sample of the matrix material without reinforcing particles, obtained by the same technological route, the composites reinforced with CNTs and CNT-hybrid structures had a 1.8–2.9 times higher flow stress during high-temperature deformation. The presented results show that the modification of the CNTs surface with ceramic nanoparticles is a promising structure design strategy that improves the heat resistance of aluminum matrix composites. This extends the potential range of application of aluminum matrix composites as a structural material for operation at elevated temperatures.
Thermal Fracture of Functionally Graded Coatings with Systems of Cracks: Application of a Model Based on the Rule of Mixtures
Authors: Petrova Vera , Schmauder Siegfried , Georgiadis Alexandros
Published: January 2023

This paper is devoted to the problem of the thermal fracture of a functionally graded coating (FGC) on a homogeneous substrate (H), i.e., FGC/H structures. The FGC/H structure was subjected to thermo-mechanical loadings. Systems of interacting cracks were located in the FGC. Typical cracks in such structures include edge cracks, internal cracks, and edge/internal cracks. The material properties and fracture toughness of the FGC were modeled by formulas based on the rule of mixtures. The FGC comprised two constituents, a ceramic on the top and a metal as a homogeneous substrate, with their volume fractions determined by a power law function with the power coefficient λ as the gradation parameter for the FGC. For this study, the method of singular integral equations was used, and the integral equations were solved numerically by the mechanical quadrature method based on the Chebyshev polynomials. Attention was mainly paid to the determination of critical loads and energy release rates for the systems of interacting cracks in the FGCs in order to find ways to increase the fracture resistance of FGC/H structures. As an illustrative example, a system of three edge cracks in the FGC was considered. The crack shielding effect was demonstrated for this system of cracks. Additionally, it was shown that the gradation parameter λ had a great effect on the fracture characteristics. Thus, the proposed model provided a sound basis for the optimization of FGCs in order to improve the fracture resistance of FGC/H structures.
Body Image Perception in High School Students: The Relationship with Gender, Weight Status, and Physical Activity
Authors: Toselli Stefania , Zaccagni Luciana , Rinaldo Natascia , Mauro Mario , Grigoletto Alessia , Maietta Latessa Pasqualino , Marini Sofia
Published: January 2023

Body image perception includes body size assessment, body desirability estimation, and perceptions concerning one’s own body shape and size. Adolescence is a period of intense and prompt physical transformation, which changes the perception of one’s body. This represents a critical period for the development of body image. Therefore, the present cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate body image perception and investigate the relationships between it, weight status, sex, and physical activity in a sample of high school students living in Italy. General demographic information and details about physical activity were collected. Body image perception was measured with a body silhouette and two indexes were calculated: the FID (Feel minus Ideal Discrepancy) to evaluate the discrepancy between the perceived current figure and the ideal figure; and the FAI (Feel weight status minus Actual weight status Inconsistency) to observe improper perception of weight status. In addition, body shape concerns were evaluated with the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), in which participants reported the frequency of experiencing negative thoughts about their body shape in the last four weeks. Two hundred and four students were included in the study (155 = female, mean age = 17.13 ± 1.70; 49 = male, mean age = 17.25 ± 1.69). Females felt more concerned about body shape than males (χ2 = 11.347, p = 0.001). Distinctions emerged in terms of body mass index, the scores of Feel minus Ideal Discrepancy (FID), Feel weight status minus Actual weight status Inconsistency (FAI), the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), and of the silhouette mean comparisons due to sex, weight status, and PA interaction effects (p < 0.001). Additionally, 94% of the BSQ variability could be explained by sex, weight status, and PA. Although no direct effects were observed on body image perception, healthy habit promotion, such as physical activity, could positively affect adolescent lives.
The Influence of Parent’s Cardiovascular Morbidity on Child Mental Health: Results from the National Health Interview Survey
Authors: Datta Biplab Kumar , Tiwari Ashwini , Pollard Elinita , Ravula Havilah
Published: January 2023

Background: This study assessed the association between cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death in the United States, among parents and child mental health. Methods: Our sample included 9076 children aged 6 to 17 years. Data were pooled from the 2016–2018 waves of the National Health Interview Survey. We fitted a logistic regression to obtain the odds ratios in favor of child mental health problems for parental CVD. We also fitted a multinomial logistic regression to obtain the odds in favor of the severity of mental health problems (i.e., minor, definite, and severe). Results: The adjusted odds of facing difficulties for a child of a parent with CVD were 1.64 (95% CI: 1.28–2.11) times that of their peers whose parents did not have CVD. The adjusted relative risk of facing minor and definite difficulties for a child of a parent with CVD were 1.48 (95% CI: 1.13–1.94) and 2.25 (95% CI: 1.47–3.46) times that of their peers of parents without CVD. Conclusions: The results suggest a strong association between child mental health and parental cardiovascular morbidity, demonstrating the need for the development or adaptation of existing public health interventions to facilitate mental health support for children of parents with CVD.
Strengths and Weaknesses of Children Witnessing Relatives with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Testoni Ines , Palazzo Lorenza , Ronconi Lucia , Macelloni Tamara , Calvo Vincenzo
Published: January 2023

Research on minors who have a close family member with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is scarce. This study aims to analyze the relationships between reflective function and wellbeing among such children, considering their reflective function, representations of death, and behavioral problems with the following instruments: Reflective Functioning Questionnaire, Testoni Death Representation Scale for Children, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children, and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Participants were 248 minors divided into the target group (38 children–16 females, 22 males–7–18 years old (M = 11.61, SD = 2.97)) and the control group (210 students–120 females, 90 males 9–14 years old (M = 11.17, SD = 1.33)). Results showed that the target group exhibited more negative affect and hyperactivity. However, they also showed less uncertainty in their mental states. The opportunity to support these minors is discussed.
Reading in COVID-19 Pandemic Times: A Snapshot of Reading Fluency of Portuguese Elementary School Students
Authors: Rosendo Daniela , Pereira Armanda , Moreira Tânia , Núñez José Carlos , Martins Joana , Fróis Sílvia , Paupério Conceição , Rosário Pedro
Published: January 2023

The development of reading skills foresees fluency in reading. Prior research has shown that during periods of absence from school, students are prone to showing setbacks in their learning. However, the literature presents mixed findings, possibly explained by the families’ socioeconomic statuses. The present study aims to analyze fluctuations in learning acquisition, specifically in reading fluency, during the pandemic, when all students were absent from school for several months. Data were collected in two waves. The present study combines quantitative and qualitative data with an explanatory sequential approach. Participants were 52 3rd-graders and their teachers. The latter were enrolled in two-member check sessions. Statistically significant differences in speed (lower than expected) and prosody (higher than expected) were found between the two sessions. Considering ASE support (financial support for low-income families from the Portuguese government), data indicate that students benefiting from this support showed performances in accuracy and speed below the expected. Prosody scores were above the expected at both sessions. Findings may provide relevant insights to further understand fluctuations in students’ reading fluency during long periods of absence from school; for example, data could help prevent learning setbacks due to summer vacations.
Mapping QTLs for Super-Earliness and Agro-Morphological Traits in RILs Population Derived from Interspecific Crosses between Pisum sativum × P. fulvum
Authors: Sari Hatice , Eker Tuba , Tosun Hilal Sule , Mutlu Nedim , Celik Ibrahim , Toker Cengiz
Published: January 2023

Earliness in crop plants has a vital role in prevention of heat-induced drought stress and in combating global warming, which is predicted to exacerbate in the near future. Furthermore, earliness may expand production into northern areas or higher altitudes, having relatively shorter growing season and may also expand arable lands to meet global food demands. The primary objective of the present study was to investigate quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for super-earliness and important agro-morphological traits in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from an interspecific cross. A population of 114 RILs developed through single-seed descent from an interspecific cross involving Pisum sativum L. and P. fulvum Sibth. et Sm. was evaluated to identify QTLs for super-earliness and important agro-morphological traits. A genetic map was constructed with 44 SSRs markers representing seven chromosomes with a total length of 262.6 cM. Of the 14 QTLs identified, two were for super-earliness on LG2, one for plant height on LG3, six for number of pods per plant on LG2, LG4, LG5 and LG6, one for number of seeds per pod on LG6, one for pod length on LG4 and three for harvest index on LG3, LG5, and LG6. AA205 and AA372-1 flanking markers for super-earliness QTLs were suggested for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in pea breeding programs due to high heritability of the trait. This is the first study to map QTLs originating from P. sativum and P. fulvum recently identified species with super-earliness character and the markers (AA205 and AA372-1) linked to QTLs were valuable molecular tools for pea breeding.
An Enhanced Piezoelectric-Generated Power Technique for Qi Wireless Charging
Authors: Elmannai Wafa , Elleithy Khaled , Benz Andrew Anthony , DeAngelis Alberto Carmine , Weaver Nick
Published: January 2023

This paper aims to design and implement a robust wireless charging system that utilizes affordable materials and the principle of piezoelectricity to generate clean energy to allow the user to store the energy for later use. A wireless charging system that utilizes the piezoelectricity generated as a power source and integrated with Qi-standard wireless transmission would substantially affect the environment and the users. The approach consists of a full-wave-rectified piezoelectric generation, battery storage, Qi-standard wireless transmission, and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) as the controller and application monitor. Three main functions are involved in the design of the proposed system: power generation, power storage, and power transmission. A client application is conceived to monitor the transmission and receipt of data. The piezoelectric elements generate the AC electricity from the mechanical movements, which converts the electricity to DC using the full-wave bridge rectifiers. The sensor transmits the data to the application via BLE protocols. The user receives continuous updates regarding the storage level, paired devices, and remaining time for a complete charge. A Qi-standard wireless transmitter transfers the stored electricity to charge the respective devices. The output generates pulses to 60 voltage on each compression of a transducer. The design is based on multiple parallel configurations to solve the issue of charging up to the triggering value VH = 5.2 V when tested with a single piezoelectric transducer. AA-type battery cells are charged in parallel in a series configuration. The system is tested for a number of scenarios. In addition, we simulate the design for 11.11 h for approximately 70,000 joules of input. The system can charge from 5% to 100% and draw from 98%. Using four piezos in the designed module results in an average output voltage of 1.16 V. Increasing the number of piezos results in 17.2 W of power. The system is able to wirelessly transmit and store power with a stable power status after less than 0.01 s.
Preparation of Gallic Acid Intercalated Layered Double Hydroxide for Enhanced Corrosion Protection of Epoxy Coatings
Authors: Fang Shuo , Chen Kaifeng , Yao Hongrui , Cao Yanhui , Guo Shuli , Wang Li , Wang Yangsong , Yu Shuai , Wang Na
Published: January 2023

In the field of corrosion protection coatings, layered double hydroxide (LDH) has gained wide attention as a novel controlled-release nanocontainer. In this paper, by using a co-precipitation to store corrosion inhibitors in layered double hydroxide with barrier properties, an environmentally friendly gallic acid (GA) intercalated layered double hydroxide corrosion protection filler (GA-LDH) was prepared. The epoxy coating was then modified with GA-LDH to improve its corrosion protection performance. The structure, composition, and release behavior of GA-LDH were investigated by a series of characterizations, such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-vis). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and a neutral salt spray test (NSS) were performed to evaluate the effect of EP coating containing GA-LDH on corrosion protection for Q235 steel. The results show that GA-LDH added to an epoxy coating can achieve excellent corrosion protection performance and is expected to be widely used in marine corrosion protection contexts.
Tribological Behavior of Structural Steel with Different Surface Finishing and Treatments for a Novel Seismic Damper
Authors: Grossi Eleonora , Baroni Enrico , Aprile Alessandra , Fortini Annalisa , Zerbin Matteo , Merlin Mattia
Published: January 2023

In the context of developing an innovative seismic dissipation system, which aims to compromise on the steadiness of friction and processes costs, this work deals with the tribological characterization of an S355JR structural steel, whose surface has been preliminarily treated by different mechanical and galvanic processes. Tribological tests were performed in a pin-on-disk configuration and in reciprocating motion, using values of 1 Hz and 2 Hz as the motion inversion frequency, a constant normal load of 50 N, and variable test duration, according to the most frequent seismic events. The tribological system was composed of S355JR structural steel pins and disks of the same steel, which were alternatively treated by electrolytic nickel plating, electrolytic zinc plating, and two different shot peening processes. The results highlight that while electrolytic nickel increments the overall steadiness of the coefficient of friction (COF), electrolytic zinc plating guarantees the longest first steady-state stage and a COF lower than the one guaranteed by the coupling of untreated pins and disk.
Giving Improved and New Properties to Fibrous Materials by Surface Modification
Authors: Prorokova Natalia P. , Odintsova Olga I. , Rumyantseva Varvara E. , Rumyantsev Evgeniy V. , Konovalova Viktoriya S.
Published: January 2023

This review summarizes the results of research published in recent decades on the main directions in the functionalization of fibrous materials using surface modification. Methods for thepreliminary activation of the surface of fibrous materials are described, allowing increasing the adhesion of modifiers. The features of the formation of functionalizing coatings on fibrous materials in comparison with other substrates are analyzed. Some specific methods for evaluating the effectiveness of the surface modification inherent in fibrous materials are considered. Particular attention is paid to giving fibrous materials antimicrobial properties, photoactivity, the ability to protect against ultraviolet radiation, and hydrophobicity.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Acid Orange 7 by NiO-TiO2/TiO2 Bilayer Film Photo-Chargeable Catalysts
Authors: Wongburapachart Chanagun , Pornaroontham Phuwadej , Kim Kyusung , Rangsunvigit Pramoch
Published: January 2023

Photocatalysis as an eco-friendly technology has the potential to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, an improvement of conventional photocatalysts is necessary to overcome their limitations such as slow kinetics, wavelength for excitation, and environmental restrictions. In particular, the development of a photocatalyst that can operate even in the absence of light is constantly conducted, and a photo-chargeable photocatalyst could be one of the answers. In this paper, a heterojunction composed of TiO2 and NiO-TiO2 bilayer film photocatalyst (BLF) was prepared. The effect of the synthesis conditions of the NiO-TiO2 layer on the photocatalytic properties was investigated. Photocatalytic degradation measurements were conducted with an acid orange 7 (AO7) solution under light and dark conditions. The highest degradation BLF was synthesized at a NiO loading of 52% and calcination temperature of 300 °C. The prepared sample showed about five-fold greater photocatalytic activity of 48% in AO7 degradation after 8 h compared to an ordinary TiO2 film (9%) under light conditions. Moreover, under dark conditions it exhibited 13.6% degradation, while the naked layers of TiO2 and NiO-TiO2 showed no degradation. The proposed mechanism suggested that photocatalysis in the dark was possible due to the stabilization of photogenerated holes by anionic intercalation during illumination.
Study of the Photocatalytic Properties of Ni-Doped Nanotubular Titanium Oxide
Authors: Zykov Fedor , Selyanin Igor , Shishkin Roman , Kartashov Vadim , Borodianskiy Konstantin , Yuferov Yuliy
Published: January 2023

Nanotubular titanium oxide is widely known as a prospective semiconductor photocatalyst for the process of water splitting. Its photoelectrochemical (PEC) efficiency can be improved by doping with 3d metal. In this work, the synthesis of nanotubular titanium oxide (NTO) was carried out by anodizing titanium substrates using two doping techniques. First, Ni-doped TiO2 was obtained by immersion in Ni salt solution; second, an ethylene glycol-based fluoride electrolyte containing Ni2+ ions solution was used. The obtained samples were analyzed using SEM, XRD, and photoelectrochemical methods. The produced Ni-doped NTO exhibited photocatalytic activity twice as high as that of nondoped NTO. Additionally, it was found that the immersion technique initiated a shift of the incident photon to converted electron (IPCE) spectra to the visible part of the spectrum.
Diagnostic Techniques for Electrical Discharge Plasma Used in PVD Coating Processes
Authors: Grigoriev Sergey , Dosko Sergej , Vereschaka Alexey , Zelenkov Vsevolod , Sotova Catherine
Published: January 2023

This article discusses the possibilities of two methods for monitoring Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) process parameters: multi-grid probe, which makes it possible, in particular, to determine the energy distribution of ions of one- or two-component plasma and spectrum analyzer of the glow discharge plasma electromagnetic radiation signal based on the Prony–Fourier multichannel inductive spectral analysis sensor. The energy distribution curves of argon ions in the low-voltage operation mode of ion sources with closed electron current have been analyzed. With a decline in the discharge current, the average ion energy decreases, and the source efficiency (the ratio of the average ion energy W to the discharge voltage U) remains approximately at the same level of W/U ≈ 0.68, …, 0.71 in the operating voltage range of the source. The spectrum analyzer system can obtain not only the spectra at the output of the sensor, but also the deconvolution of the spectrum of the electromagnetic radiation signal of the glow discharge plasma. The scheme of a spectrum analyzer is considered, which can be used both for monitoring and for controlling the processing process, including in automated PVD installations.
Preparation of High Bio-Content Polyurethane Coatings from Co-Liquefaction of Cellulosic Biomass and Starch for Controlled Release Fertilizers
Authors: Pang Minhui , Dong Shuqi , Zhao Jianguo , Li Hongyan , Liu Dongsheng , Li Lixia
Published: January 2023

To manufacture high bio-content degradable polyurethane-coated fertilizer, the co-liquefaction of corn straw and starch was carried out to convert more biomass into bio-polyol so as to substitute petroleum-based polyol. The effect of the corn straw to starch ratio on liquefaction behavior was mainly investigated by monitoring acid value, hydroxyl value, and liquefaction rate. Both chemical structures and properties of bio-polyols and their coatings were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), etc. The results indicated that adding a certain amount of starch to corn straw for co-liquefaction could contribute to a higher hydroxyl content of bio-polyol than that from sole biomass. Compared to molecular weight, the hydroxyl value was a more significant index to ensure coating quality. The incorporation of starch segments to bio-polyol led to good thermal stability, limited residual small molecules, and high crosslinking density of the coating. The controlled-release ability of coated urea prepared by co-liquefied bio-polyol was better than that of corn-straw-based bio-polyol, and the optimal ratio of corn straw to starch was 3:1. Overall, this study provides a new route to fabricate corn straw as a cost-effective and degradable coating with good controlled-release properties, which benefits solid biomass recycling.
Impact of Microstructure of Nanoscale Magnetron Sputtered Ru/Al Multilayers on Thermally Induced Phase Formation
Authors: Ott Vincent , Schäfer Christian , Suarez Sebastian , Woll Karsten , Mücklich Frank , Seifert Hans J. , Ulrich Sven , Pauly Christoph , Stueber Michael
Published: January 2023

In this study, we report on phase formation and microstructure evolution in multiscale magnetron sputtered Ru/Al multilayers upon thermal annealing in vacuum at slow heating rates of 10 K/min. By specifically adjusting the microstructure and design of the as-deposited multilayers, the formation of certain desired phases can be tuned. We demonstrate that the synthesis of single phase RuAl thin films is possible in a very controlled manner in a solid state only via thermal activation without initiating the self-propagating exothermic reactions of Ru/Al multilayers. To investigate phase formation sequences and the resulting microstructures, Ru/Al multilayers were designed via magnetron sputtering with systematic variation of bilayer modulation periods and subsequent vacuum annealing. Thin films samples were characterized by in situ high-temperature XRD, TEM imaging and diffraction. It is shown that different phase sequences appear in strong correlation with the modulation length. Depending on the multilayer design, the phase formation toward single-phase RuAl thin films happens as either a multi-step or single-step event. In particular, below a critical threshold of the modulation period, the multi-step phase formation can be suppressed, and only the desired RuAl target phase is obtained with a pronounced growth in a preferred orientation. This finding may be versatile for the targeted synthesis of intermetallic phases, contributing to further understanding of phase formation in such nanoscale multilayer systems.
Asphaltene Precipitation and the Influence of Dispersants and Inhibitors on Morphology Probed by AFM
Authors: Mojica Daniela , Angeles Mauricio , Alvarez Oscar , Pradilla Diego
Published: January 2023

Bridging the gap between laboratory-scale experiments and actual oilfield operations is a complex task that requires a compromise between real (authentic) fluids and model systems. Commercial products (i.e., asphaltene inhibitors and dispersants) are often designed to target a wide range of operating conditions and compositions of crude oils, which means that the performance becomes almost case-specific. Through Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) imaging and Transmission/Backscattering signals (T/BS), the morphology of asphaltene deposits and the mechanisms that eventually lead to precipitated material were evaluated. Two different models (starting solutions) with four different n-alkanes were used to induce variability in asphaltene agglomeration and subsequent precipitation paths. It was found that increasing the carbon number shifted the observed precipitation detection time (T/BS data suggested a shift in the order of ~1000 s when comparing low and high carbon numbers) and influences the density of the precipitated material under static and a sufficiently high concentration of solvent conditions. Further analysis on the morphology of the resulting material after the addition of commonly used chemicals showed that asphaltene stability through inhibition (i.e., blockage or crowding of potential active sites) led to smaller complexes. One of the additives (PIBSA) reduced the average height in ~33% and the mean square roughness in ~72%. On the other hand, stability through dispersion (i.e., hindering agglomeration) leads to a polymer-like network bigger in size, noting that in both cases the system remains soluble. The use of APR resulted in an increase of ~41% and ~54% for the same parameters. This insight sheds light on how to devise efficient chemical strategies to prevent flow assurance issues.