bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sciences Basic to Psychiatry: AUTP Guidelines
Authors: Bewley Thomas H.
Published: January 2018

The Standing Committee of the Association of University Teachers of Psychiatry (AUTP) have recently prepared guidelines for teachers and students on sciences basic to psychiatry. This followed a request from the College and these guidelines are now being published in the Bulletin. They have been considered by the Education Committee and by Council who commend them to members of the College.
From ‘What it Was' towards ‘What it Ought to Be'—The Montrose Bicentenary
Authors: Keddie Kenneth M. G.
Published: January 2018

The Montrose Royal Asylum was founded by a remarkable person, Susan Carnegie, who lived at Charleton on the outskirts of Montrose. She had been greatly concerned about the appalling conditions under which many of the mentally ill were kept in the local Tolbooth. She appreciated the suffering experienced by these pauper lunatics, and perhaps also, being married to a Jacobite who had spent 20 years in exile in Sweden after fleeing from Culloden, had brought its own understanding.
The MRCPsych Examination: Time for Change?
Authors: Aveline Mark , Margison Frank , Thompson Chris , Trethowan William
Published: January 2018

Examinations loom large in the minds of trainees. Rightly, trainees see passing the MRCPsych as official confirmation that they have successfully concluded their period of general professional training and may now advance to higher training and, almost inevitably, to Consultant status. They may assume, and in this the College does nothing to dissuade them, that they have been tested in the skills needed to practise psychiatry. Enumeration of such facts as are to be enumerated and the observation of external behaviour stand high in the lexicon of success. Listening and understanding, tolerance and compassion are also-runs. The examination does not merely reflect the form of the training but dictates the order of priorities. What the exam values, the trainee values. What the exam ignores, the trainee, unless strongly motivated, will be tempted to ignore.
Irish Division
Authors: Shanley David
Published: January 2018

The Summer Quarterly Meeting of the Irish Division took place in St Brendan's Hospital, Dublin, on 2 July 1982.
The Experience of a Psychotherapy Trainee
Authors: de Zulueta Felicity
Published: January 2018

I am very pleased to have this opportunity to share with you my experiences as a trainee at the Maudsley Hospital. This training differs from many in that I am a part-time Senior Registrar and a part-time mother. Unlike most children, mine actually opened the doors to my professional aspirations. I became a trainee in a specialty whose clinical approach not only corresponded to the one I wanted to practise, but one which also promised to increase my understanding of human behaviour.
Psychotherapy Training for Psychiatric Trainees
Authors: Koch Hugh , Scorer Richard
Published: January 2018

‘Our first concern must be to improve the psychotherapeutic skills of psychiatrists in general, as a means of providing a better service to our patients.’ Thus, Sydney Brandon concluded his personal view on psychotherapy in the Bulletin last year (July 1982, 6, 120). It was a similar concern that motivated us, two years ago, to set up a scheme which initially aimed to provide trainees in psychiatry with some form of regular teaching, experience and supervision in dynamic psychotherapy.
Conference for Hospice Psychiatrists and Liaison Psychiatrists
Authors: Stedeford Averil , Thomas Christopher
Published: January 2018

Psychiatrists who work with the dying met together with other liaison psychiatrists at St Christopher's Hospice in April 1983 for a small two-day conference. We found it both stimulating and supportive to hear about several specialized aspects of our work.
Beginning Psychiatry
Authors: Adams Geoff , Cook Marilyn A.
Published: January 2018

Most people come into psychiatry from behind the white coat of more technologically orientated medicine. In psychiatry, with its slower pace and greater intimacy, it is seen as more important to consider the patients' feelings and there is time to do so. But here one's role is less clearly defined and assumptions carried over about the relation of the junior doctor to other staff may be inappropriate.
Psychiatric Advisory Service—Statement of Need
Authors: Fahy T. J.
Published: January 2018

The Irish Division, through its Executive Committee, is pursuing a policy of pressing for early consultation with the Department of Health on Irish national issues bearing directly on the welfare of the mentally ill. Part of this policy is to publish from time to time selected position papers of significance which have been submitted to the Department. The following paper advocates the monitoring of psychiatric services in the Republic of Ireland by peer review with tentative suggestions as to how this might be achieved. In a slightly different form this paper was submitted to the Department of Health in March 1983 without, to date, formal response.
The Collegiate Trainees Committee and the MRCPsych Examination
Authors: Trotter Carol
Published: January 2018

Since its inception in the late summer of 1979 the Collegiate Trainees Committee has devoted considerable time to discussing the present and future status and organization of the MRCPsych Examination. The following is a summary of the views of the Committee as collated by its Examination Working Party.
Encouraging Psychiatric Trainees to Undertake Research
Authors: Goldberg David
Published: January 2018

‘Prominent among the obligations of those who provide postgraduate education’, wrote Aubrey Lewis in 1961, ‘is the duty to recognize and further whatever talents for research their students possess’. He was largely responsible for introducing a system whereby those who wished to train at the Maudsley were expected to carry a modest research project as part of their DPM examination, although he was aware that ‘it is profitless, and can be unkind, to encourage competent clincians to attempt scientific investigations beyond their powers’. In the 14 years since his retirement, research by trainees has gone into a decline, so that even at the Maudsley only a minority are actively engaged in research. Crammer (1979) writes ‘People thought (research) would help them to a consultant post. Now they know it is not necessary. Training has become more formalized, with day-release courses and rotation schemes …’ Creed and Murray (1981) have made a detailed study of the views of Maudsley trainees about the way they were taught clinical skills; they have shown that between 1974 and 1977 there was a decline in the number of units which encouraged the trainee to undertake research, and that over the whole period only 27 per cent of the units gave trainees such encouragement. These investigators found that encouragement to do research was transmitted quite independently of other clinical teaching, so that it bore no relationship to variables such as the excellence of the academic instruction, feedback from the consultant, or workload.
Community Psychiatry
Authors: Greenwood Judy
Published: January 2018

My invited attendance at a College working party on community psychiatry has prompted this communication.
A Convenor on Approval
Authors: Gordon Alistair M.
Published: January 2018

The Approval Exercise in which psychiatric hospitals and units are approved for general professional training has recently completed the first round of visits to general psychiatric units. The present phase includes a continuing review of both fully and provisionally approved hospitals and first visits to subspecialty units in mental handicap, child and adolescent psychiatry, and forensic psychiatry. The announcement of an impending visit is likely to engender apprehension rather than a feeling of empathy with the task of the Convenor and his panel, but a description of the Convenor's role should dispel any misconception that it consists of a frolicsome succession of expense-accounted jaunts.
Part-time Training in Psychiatry
Authors: Pond Desmond , Rawnsley Kenneth
Published: January 2018

The College and the Joint Committee on Higher Psychiatric Training have recently considered part-time training in psychiatry. Although it is recognized that it may not always be possible, it is recommended that the training period should include at least one year of full-time training, though this is not mandatory. The conditions for part-time training are set out under two headings.
Advances in the Psychological Assessment of Offender Patients
Authors: Black D. A.
Published: January 2018

Psychological assessment at Broadmoor in the 20 years lifetime of the Psychology Department has been directed at the description of patterns of response indicative of abnormalities associated with diagnostic and offender categories and suggestive of treatment needs. The results have also frequently been accumulated for research purposes, particularly to identify any common patterns associated with treatment outcome and with discharge prediction and outcome.
Teaching Psychotherapy Skills to Postgraduate Psychiatrists
Authors: Margison Frank
Published: January 2018

An assumption underlying this paper is that knowledge of psychotherapy should be available to all psychiatry trainees, not just to those with a special interest in psychotherapy. It does not, of course, follow that all trainees should practise psychotherapy throughout their careers, but they should know something about the therapeutic aspects of the doctor-patient relationship. These aspects are highlighted in psychotherapy but are by no means exclusive to it. Given this assumption, we are faced with the problem of how to provide this training—in terms of content and logistics.
A Psychiatric Day Care Service in Zambia
Authors: Dhadphale M. , Shaikh S. P.
Published: January 2018

Since independence in sub-Saharan Africa, decentralization of psychiatric services has been accepted as a policy, but it has resulted so far only in developing small units attached to the provincial hospitals. Because of the shortage of qualified psychiatrists, the latter are invariably staffed by locally trained psychiatric or sometimes general nurses. With one or two exceptions most of the mental hospitals were built in the colonial times and they often resemble penal institutions and are geared mainly to offering custodial care.
Attitudes to Research among Royal Free Psychiatric Trainees and Consultants
Authors: Burford Chris
Published: January 2018

The promotion of interest in research has long been one of the objectives of psychiatric training, reaching its zenith in the now defunct academic DPM. The successor, the MRCPsych, has retained a research option even though the main stress is on clinical and scientific knowledge. The 1980 Handbook for Trainees and Inceptors noted that “The aim of the research option is to encourage trainees to acquire more searching and critical approaches and to foster interest in clinical data, literature, the teaching of psychiatric practice, and research.” Although the option has been used by “only a relatively small number of people”, who have as a rule been “exceptionally able and energetic candidates”, it has been retained in the newest version of the examination.
Mental Handicap in Context: Medical Undergraduate Education
Authors: Hollins Sheila , Bradley Elspeth
Published: January 2018

In October 1986 the Section for the Psychiatry of Mental Handicap held a day conference about the teaching of mental handicap at St George's Hospital Medical School, London.
Trainees Forum: Training Perspectives in Two Neighbouring Rotational Schemes in Psychiatry
Authors: McWilliam Jonathan , Morris Charles
Published: January 2018

This paper aims to compare two SHO/registrar training schemes, both of which have grade ‘A’ approval from the Royal College of Psychiatrists but have differences in character and content. We intend to present an overview of current general training in psychiatry by focusing on these rotations. We would like to point out that these are personal views based on our own experiences, but hope that this paper will stimulate discussion.
Organising the MRCPsych Part I Clinical Examination
Authors: McDonald G. H. , Daly O. , Cassidy C.
Published: January 2018

In Autumn 1987 the new Part I Membership examination was held for the first time. The format was changed in response to the Royal College of Psychiatrists Working Party, who recommended that it should become an examination in basic clinical psychiatry. It was felt to be important that clinical skills were assessed early in training.
Benzodiazepines and Dependence: A College Statement
Authors: Priest R. G. , Montgomery S. A.
Published: January 2018

There is increasing concern, both among doctors and the lay public, on the potential for dependence of the benzodiazepine group of drugs. In order that the Royal College of Psychiatrists could publish a view on this contentious topic, a consensus meeting was arranged on 10 June 1987 by the Programmes and Meetings Committee (see list of participants). The following statement has now been approved by the College.
The Preliminary Test
Authors: Forth M. W.
Published: January 2018

Suggestions have been made that the Preliminary Test for the Membership of the College should be modified in the direction of a reduced theoretical and enhanced clinical content. I would applaud such a move. Behind it is the idea of testing, early in a junior's career, his or her talents for the processes central to the practice of their chosen specialty. This sort of test has for too long been lacking throughout the profession of medicine. There is no reason why psychiatry should not now, with the advantage of modern technology, set the pace by combining an element of aptitude testing in the earlist hurdle on the road to specialist status.
Psychiatric Manpower and the Work of the Consultant
Authors: Watson J. P.
Published: January 2018

We are familiar with the idea that the distribution of consultants should be guided by ‘norms' supported by the College. Current norms have been derived from what is (or rather was at the time), not from knowledge of how consultants spend their time, still less on the basis of estimates of morbidity or demand. As Russell noted, a norm of one consultant for 70,000 people was developed using simple arithmetic when there were 700 consultants available to forty-nine million people. From this starting point, one consultant to 60,000 or 40,000 or 25,000 people suggests the possibility of an improved service, but it cannot be assumed that the service is better simply because more people are providing it. Evaluation of the consultant's contribution to a service requires, among other things, knowledge of what the consultant actually does with his time.
The Second AUTP Conference on Teaching Dynamic Psychotherapy—A Wilde Analysis of ‘Hamlet’
Authors: Davies Graham
Published: January 2018

The second AUTP conference took place at University College, Oxford from 12 to 14 April 1984. The themes were the theory and teaching of psychotherapy, and the place of personal experience in training. In addition to the plenary meetings the conference divided into small discussion groups; in this report I deal only with the former, of which I had a complete record.
Experiences with Video a Report on Video as a Teaching Aid
Authors: Macaulay Andrew
Published: January 2018

Teaching by television is a powerful method. Drug companies know this and have always been aware of the effect and importance of slick audio-visual presentation, yet it is still little used in medical education. In any discussion about video it is necessary to recognize this ambivalence and resistance to new technology. For the teacher, I think that this may stem from fear of the unknown, appearing incompetent, or worse, redundant.
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry for the Future General Adult Psychiatrist
Authors: Hill Peter , Cottrell David
Published: January 2018

It is an expectation of the Royal College of Psychiatrists that its members should demonstrate a knowledge of the psychiatry of childhood and adolescence. Prospective members are examined on this and a clinical placement in child and adolescent psychiatry is a recognised specialty component of general training. That this is so reflects the fact that one quarter of the population is composed of individuals under the age of 18. This group has an appreciable psychological morbidity rate with patterns of psychological disability and suffering which differ appreciably from those encountered in general adult practice. A competent general psychiatrist should be familiar with the pattern of psychiatric pathology is childhood and be conversant with the services available for its treatment. For the health of the psychiatric profession as a whole, it is important that trainees have some working experience of child and adolescent psychiatry so that they may find whether this area of practice is attractive to them. Experience at registrar level provides an important recruitment opportunity for future senior registrars and thus consultants in child and adolescent psychiatry. Successful completion of general training in psychiatry with possession of membership of the Royal College of Psychiatrists is effectively a universal prerequisite for entering the senior registrar grade and higher training in child and adolescent psychiatry.
Trends in Seclusion Practice in the Newcastle Area
Authors: Thompson Peter
Published: January 2018

The use of seclusion in psychiatric hospitals has been declining over the last century due to the development of other methods of managing disturbed behaviour and more successful treatment of illnesses predisposing to disturbed behaviour. Pressure from society has come in the form of the ‘open door’ movement and legislation such as the Mental Health Acts of 1959 and 1983 and may also have promoted less restrictive management of patients or simply produced a shift of the site of management from hospitals to prisons. Guidelines from the Mental Health Act Commission have recently been formulated and may continue this process.
Psychiatry and the Public School
Authors: Chalmers Julie , Hope R. A.
Published: January 2018

From the back of the school hall a boy spoke: ‘If you agree to play cricket you can hardly complain when they put the fast bowlers on against you.’ Eighty of his fellow sixth-formers laughed, but his view differed little from most of theirs. The discussion was about ECT.
Mental Health Review Tribunals
Authors: Bermingham D. F.
Published: January 2018

Prior to the 1983 Mental Health Act (MHA), Mental Health Tribunals (MHRTs) did not have the power to order delayed discharge of a patient appealing against a section, although there was evidence that tribunals used the power of adjournment to allow time for follow-up to be arranged. This power was used more often with patients in special hospitals where the option of remaining on an informal basis did not exist. Hepworth and others advocated giving tribunals the power of delayed discharge. This was supported by the White Paper (1978) and subsequently became part of the 1983 MHA, together with some increase in the responsibility of the local authorities to provide after care for Section 3 and 37 patients. But the new Act also allowed the appeal of patients on Section 2, while giving no responsibility to the local authority for their after-care. It was difficult to see how delayed discharge could be implemented as an after-care safeguard for Section 2 patients who would often have only two weeks or so of their Section to run in any case. With this in mind, I studied all cases appearing before the MHRT in a general psychiatric hospital in the two years following the new Act.
Current Research into Alcohol Problems in Primary Care
Authors: King Michael B.
Published: January 2018

In June 1985 a group of researchers involved in the study of alcohol problems in general practice in the UK met informally in York for discussion and exchange of ideas. The meeting was arranged under the auspices of Professor David Robinson of the Addiction Research Centre, Institute for Health Studies of the University of Hull. The group included GPs, psychiatrists, psychologists, sociologists, and other related research workers.
Analysis of Margin Classification Systems for Assessing the Risk of Local Recurrence After Soft Tissue Sarcoma Resection
Authors: Gundle Kenneth R. , Kafchinski Lisa , Gupta Sanjay , Griffin Anthony M. , Dickson Brendan C. , Chung Peter W. , Catton Charles N. , O’Sullivan Brian , Wunder Jay S. , Ferguson Peter C.
Published: January 2018

Purpose

To compare the ability of margin classification systems to determine local recurrence (LR) risk after soft tissue sarcoma (STS) resection.

Methods

Two thousand two hundred seventeen patients with nonmetastatic extremity and truncal STS treated with surgical resection and multidisciplinary consideration of perioperative radiotherapy were retrospectively reviewed. Margins were coded by residual tumor (R) classification (in which microscopic tumor at inked margin defines R1), the R+1mm classification (in which microscopic tumor within 1 mm of ink defines R1), and the Toronto Margin Context Classification (TMCC; in which positive margins are separated into planned close but positive at critical structures, positive after whoops re-excision, and inadvertent positive margins). Multivariate competing risk regression models were created.

Results

By R classification, LR rates at 10-year follow-up were 8%, 21%, and 44% in R0, R1, and R2, respectively. R+1mm classification resulted in increased R1 margins (726 v 278, P < .001), but led to decreased LR for R1 margins without changing R0 LR; for R0, the 10-year LR rate was 8% (range, 7% to 10%); for R1, the 10-year LR rate was 12% (10% to 15%) . The TMCC also showed various LR rates among its tiers ( P < .001). LR rates for positive margins on critical structures were not different from R0 at 10 years (11% v 8%, P = .18), whereas inadvertent positive margins had high LR (5-year, 28% [95% CI, 19% to 37%]; 10-year, 35% [95% CI, 25% to 46%]; P < .001).

Conclusion

The R classification identified three distinct risk levels for LR in STS. An R+1mm classification reduced LR differences between R1 and R0, suggesting that a negative but < 1-mm margin may be adequate with multidisciplinary treatment. The TMCC provides additional stratification of positive margins that may aid in surgical planning and patient education.
Bevacizumab Maintenance Versus No Maintenance During Chemotherapy-Free Intervals in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Randomized Phase III Trial (PRODIGE 9)
Authors: Aparicio Thomas , Ghiringhelli Francois , Boige Valérie , Le Malicot Karine , Taieb Julien , Bouché Olivier , Phelip Jean-Marc , François Eric , Borel Christian , Faroux Roger , Dahan Laetitia , Jacquot Stéphane , Genet Dominique , Khemissa Faiza , Suc Etienne , Desseigne Françoise , Texereau Patrick , Lepage Come , Bennouna Jaafar ,   PRODIGE 9 Investigators
Published: January 2018

Purpose

Conflicting results are reported for maintenance treatment with bevacizumab during chemotherapy-free intervals (CFI) in metastatic colorectal cancer after induction chemotherapy.

Patients and Methods

In this open-label, phase III, randomized controlled trial, we compared the tumor control duration (TCD) observed with bevacizumab maintenance and with no treatment (observation) during CFI subsequent to induction chemotherapy with 12 cycles of fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan plus bevacizumab. After disease progression, the induction regimen was repeated for eight cycles, followed by a new CFI.

Results

From March 2010 to July 2013, 491 patients were randomly assigned. Disease progression or death occurred during induction chemotherapy in 85 patients (17%); 261 patients (53%) had at least one reinduction, 107 (22%) had two reinductions, and 56 (11%) had three or more reinductions. The median TCD was 15 months in both groups; the median progression-free survival (PFS) from randomization was 9.2 and 8.9 months in the maintenance group and observation groups, respectively. The TCD observed in both groups was higher compared with the TCD hypotheses of the trial. The median overall survival (OS) was 21.7 and 22.0 months in the maintenance and observation groups, respectively. In the per-protocol population, defined as patients with at least one reinduction after the first progression, the median duration of the first CFI was 4.3 months in both arms; the median TCD was 17.8 and 23.3 months ( P = .339), the median PFS was 9.9 and 9.5 months, and the median OS was 27.6 and 28.5 months in the maintenance and observation groups, respectively. Multivariable analysis revealed that female gender, WHO performance status ≥ 2, and unresected primary tumors were associated with a shorter TCD.

Conclusion

Bevacizumab maintenance monotherapy did not improve TCD, CFI duration, PFS, or OS.
Gelsolin regulates proliferation, apoptosis and invasion in NK/T-cell lymphoma cells
Authors: Guo Yanwei , Zhang Hongqiao , Xing Xin , Wang Lijuan , Zhang Jian , Yan Lin , Zheng Xiaoke , Zhang Mingzhi
Published: January 2018

The expression of gelsolin (GSN) is abnormal in many cancers, including extranodal nasal-type natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL). However, the biological function of GSN and its mechanism in NKTCL remain unclear. We found GSN overexpression significantly suppressed cell proliferation, colony formationand invasion and promoted apoptosis of YTS cells. Moreover, the upregulation of GSN significantly decreased the protein levels of PI3K and p-AKT. Interestingly, blocking the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway significantly inhibited cell proliferation and invasion and promoted apoptosis of YTS cells. In conclusion, our findings indicate that GSN can suppress cell proliferation and invasion and promote apoptosis of YTS cells, and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is likely to be involved in this process.
Growth of human breast cancers in Peromyscus
Authors: Kaza Vimala , Farmaki Elena , Havighorst Amanda , Crossland Janet , Chatzistamou Ioulia , Kiaris Hippokratis
Published: January 2018

Modeling breast cancer in general and hormone-sensitive breast cancer, in particular in mice, has several limitations. These are related to the inbred nature of laboratory mice, and do not allow adequate appreciation of the contribution of the host's genetic heterogeneity in tumor growth. In addition, the naturally low estrogen levels of mice makes estradiol supplementation obligatory for tumor growth. Here, we show that Peromyscus californicus, following cyclosporine-mediated immunosuppression, supports the growth of both MDA-MB-231 estrogen-independent and MCF7 estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers without exogenous estradiol supplementation. Tumor growth was inhibited by fulvestrant or letrozole, confirming that MCF7 xenografts remain hormone dependent in vivo and suggesting that P. californicus can be used as an alternative to conventional mice for the study of hormone-sensitive breast cancer. The fact that Peromyscus stocks are outbred also facilitates the study of breast cancer in genetically heterogenous populations.
Changes in radiotherapy fractionation—breast cancer
Authors: Yarnold John
Published: January 2018

Conventional fractionation for half a century has been justified on the basis that 2.0 Gy fractions spare dose-limiting late-responding normal tissues to a greater degree than cancerous tissues. Early indications that breast cancer responds more strongly to fraction size than many other common cancers were followed several decades of investigation, but there is now reliable Level I evidence that this is the case. Four randomised trials testing fraction sizes in the range 2.7–3.3 Gy have reported 10-year follow up in almost 8000 patients, and they provide robust estimates of α/β in the range of 3 Gy. The implication is that there are no advantages in terms of safety or effectiveness of persisting with 2.0 Gy fractions in patients with breast cancer. 15- or 16-fraction schedules are replacing the conventional 25-fraction regimen as a standard of care for adjuvant therapy in an increasing number of countries. A number of concerns relating to the appropriateness of hypofractionation in patient subgroups, including those treated post-mastectomy, advanced local-regional disease and/or to lymphatic pathways are addressed. Meanwhile, hypofractionation can be exploited to modulate dose intensity across the breast according to relapse risk by varying fraction size across the treatment volume. The lower limits of hypofractionation are currently being explored, one approach testing a 5-fraction schedule of local-regional radiotherapy delivered in 1 week.
Intestinal failure: a review
Authors: Allan Philip , Lal Simon
Published: January 2018

Intestinal failure (IF) is the inability of the gut to absorb necessary water, macronutrients (carbohydrate, protein, and fat), micronutrients, and electrolytes sufficient to sustain life and requiring intravenous supplementation or replacement. Acute IF (types 1 and 2) is the initial phase of the illness and may last for weeks to a few months, and chronic IF (type 3) from months to years. The challenge of caring for patients with IF is not merely the management of the underlying condition leading to IF or the correct provision of appropriate nutrition or both but also the prevention of complications, whether thromboembolic phenomenon (for example, venous occlusion), central venous catheter-related bloodstream infection, IF-associated liver disease, or metabolic bone disease. This review looks at recent questions regarding chronic IF (type 3), its diagnosis and management, the role of the multidisciplinary team, and novel therapies, including hormonal treatment for short bowel syndrome but also surgical options for intestinal lengthening and intestinal transplant.
Recent advances in managing differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Lamartina Livia , Grani Giorgio , Durante Cosimo , Filetti Sebastiano
Published: January 2018

The main clinical challenge in the management of thyroid cancer is to avoid over-treatment and over-diagnosis in patients with lower-risk disease while promptly identifying those patients with more advanced or high-risk disease requiring aggressive treatment. In recent years, novel clinical and molecular data have emerged, allowing the development of new staging systems, predictive and prognostic tools, and treatment approaches. There has been a notable shift toward more conservative management of low- and intermediate-risk patients, characterized by less extensive surgery, more selective use of radioisotopes (for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes), and less intensive follow-up. Furthermore, the histologic classification; tumor, node, and metastasis (TNM) staging; and American Thyroid Association risk stratification systems have been refined, and this has increased the number of patients in the low- and intermediate-risk categories. There is now a need for new, prospective data to clarify how these changing practices will impact long-term outcomes of patients with thyroid cancer, and new follow-up strategies and biomarkers are still under investigation. On the other hand, patients with more advanced or high-risk disease have a broader portfolio of options in terms of treatments and therapeutic agents, including multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitors, more selective BRAF or MEK inhibitors, combination therapies, and immunotherapy.
Physical activity and functional motor skills of primary school children in Estonia
Authors: Süda Liis , Mooses Kerli , Müürsepp Iti
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine the physical activity (PA) and functional motor skills in 7–9-year-old children, and to find out whether participation in organized sport enhances their motor skills and fulfils the requirements for PA. To assess PA, all 38 participants (18 boys, 20 girls; mean age 8.1±0.7 years) used accelerometer and accelerometer diary during one week. Average time per day spent in sedentary, light and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was calculated. To measure motor skills, MABC-2 was used. Also, parental PA and educational level were recorded with questionnaire. PA of children was not associated with their motor skills (p>0.05). Recommendations for daily PA were fulfilled by two children (5.3%), seven children (18.4%) did not meet the recommendations in any of the measured days. Both, boys and girls spent significantly more time in sedentary on schooldays than on weekend-days (F=23.122, p0.05) with PA or motor skills. Also, parent and child PA were not significantly correlated. Average PA of children is lower than recommended. However, PA was not correlated with motor skills. The higher was parental educational level, the higher were motor skills of their child.
The value of the business in the system of strategic management decisions
Authors: Гусев Андрей , Gusev Andrey
Published: January 2018

The present book describes in detail the relationships between the various concepts of business value assessment within the framework of an integrated approach to the role and place of evaluation the market value of the business in the system of managerial decision-making. The book is a kind of encyclopedia for the interested representatives of the business environment and represents the complete Russian edition, which gives an overview of the main used in the global strategic management of technology and techniques of value management on various aspects of the activities. While the focus is on financial evaluation techniques.
The book is aimed at top managers, consultants, appraisers, and researchers, teachers, postgraduates and students of financial-economic universities.
Questioning coloniality in music education
Authors: Serrati Pablo
Published: January 2018

This paper proposes a theoretical frame of reference to reflect on coloniality in musical pedagogy. First, coloniality is addressed as the matrix of power and Eurocentrism as a form of cultural domination. The meaning of “the American” is re-elaborated, proposing to think of it as a result of these relations of power and dominion. This approach is articulated with the notion of stratified crossbreeding, proposing to understand American identity and, in particular, American music, as part of the symbolic economy of cultural goods. Finally, based on the elements presented, we seek to generate questions that guide decision-making in the pedagogical practices of music teachers from and to Our Americas.
The Construction of Universal Knowledge in the Tango Scene at the Beginning of the 21st Century. The Orlando Goñi School Experience
Authors: Gonnet Daniel H.
Published: January 2018

This article focuses on the genesis of a cooperative school born from historical needs in the Buenos Aires tango of the 1990s. In a musical scene dominated by the rules of the game of neoliberalism, the tango lived a revitalised renaissance by a “neo-contentiousness” in public milieus with voluntary donations. In this co-management modality, a proper way of circulating knowledge was structured. Defined by one of its founders as “very little formal, but very serious”, the Orlando Goñi School constitutes a successful experience in the construction and circulation of knowledge in the language of tango.

This work aims to characterize the Goñi School as a decolonial experience, based on the analysis of the main features of its genesis process, as well as on the progressive identity and institutionalization by means of precepts and norms, taking as a starting point the conversation with Julián Peralta, one of the founders, teacher, cultural manager and renowned tango musician of the last twenty years.
Bonsai pedagogy at the service of the coloniality of being and of musical knowledge. An autoethnographic perspective study
Authors: Castro Sebastián Tobías
Published: January 2018

This paper discusses the musical epistemology concomitant with an ontology of music centred on music as an object, both foundations of the hegemonic musical theoretical/pedagogical model: the conservatory model. In particular, it is proposed to investigate the scope and limitations of some of the categories derived from the privileged object-text of this ontology: the score, and its incidence in the processes of musical significance in which early undergraduate students participate. In this direction, it is intended to show how these musical epistemology and ontology deal only with partial aspects of the musical experience, while at the same time making others invisible or subordinate. Finally, it tries to highlight other ontologies of music, such as action and participation.

This research and discussion is based on the analysis of a classroom experience led by the author, with support in the ideas of pedagogy of potency, non-parametral didactics and Bonsai pedagogy by Estela Quintar and Hugo Zemelman and Coloniality of Power, Being and Knowledge proper to the decolonial perspective.
Latest developments
Authors: Kalitowski Susanna , Lawson Deborah , Leitch Neil
Published: January 2018

Send your letters, news stories or latest developments to: The Editor, Child Care, St Jude's Church, Dulwich Road, Herne Hill, London, SE24 0PB email: childcare@markallengroup.com
Latest clinical research
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: January 2018

Mark Greener presents key studies published in healthcare journals
The future of flu prevention: the rise of adjuvanted vaccinations
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: January 2018

With traditional vaccinations becoming less effective, Mark Greener explores what the future might hold
The power of the school gate
Authors: Hall Allen
Published: January 2018

Facing problems with pupils arriving in class not prepared for learning, and the disruption this causes, school leader Allen Hall drew a red line at the school gate in a bid to change habits and ensure pupils arrived at school ready for the day ahead
Knowledge and beliefs of politics teachers at German Gymnasien: Findings of a study
Authors: Weisseno Georg , Böker Eva , Oberle Monika
Published: January 2018

Political didactics is a field that has long resisted examination of teaching efficacy. Of particular importance are questions concerning what teaching personnel know and where their content-based expert knowledge comes from, what is to be taught and how teachers deal with problems in understanding content. Teachers’ professional knowledge can be divided into ‘content knowledge’ (CK), ‘pedagogical content knowledge’ (PCK) and pedagogical knowledge. Beliefs regarding teaching and learning processes, pupils have active or passive, receptive or constructive roles ascribed to them. These roles are generally distinguished as the basic positions of constructivist and transmission-based concepts of teaching and learning. This study collected the results for German gymnasium teachers (N=196). 38.6 per cent of respondents were female, on average the age of respondents stands at 43.5 years old (SD=11.4). The assumptions about the structure of subject-specific professional knowledge are checked by comparing a one-dimensional IRT model with various multidimensional ones. The model comparison shows a statistically significant model improvement for the two-dimensional model distinguishing between CK and PCK. PCK can be divided into normative political didactic discourses in one dimension and lessonbased items in a second dimension. Investigation of the structural assumptions shows that politics teachers’ beliefs on teaching and learning can be integrated into overlapping belief syndromes. Cognitive constructivist orientations go hand in hand with greater subject interest, while transmission-based orientations tend to be related to less interest in politics. There is a slightly significant small negative correlation between a constructivist orientation and lesson-based knowledge (LBK). Those who have been teaching for a long time attain lower scores in the subject-specific didactic part of the test. Participation in further training only has an impact on normative and not on LBK.
Factores sociofamiliares y estancia hospitalaria: la complejidad de la intervención social en el área de la psiquiatría de agudos. Aplicación de la escala ECISACH-BCN PSMAR
Authors: Morro Fernández Laura
Published: January 2018

Estudiar la complejidad de los determinantes sociales en los procesos de hospitalización psiquiátrica puede ayudar a los profesionales de la salud mental a planificar los recursos que la población requiere durante el ingreso, así como planificar el alta hospitalaria. Hay factores de protección y de riesgo social que hemos de tener en cuenta en el momento de la intervención clínica y social, y que pueden determinar el pronóstico de la enfermedad. Este estudio tiene como objetivo describir los factores sanitarios, sociales y familiares que determinan la complejidad de la intervención social mediante la aplicación de la Escala ECISACH-BCN PSMAR en el área de hospitalización del servicio de psiquiatría del Hospital del Mar de Barcelona, mediante un estudio descriptivo correlacional. Los resultados nos sugieren que la falta de apoyo familiar complica las estancias hospitalarias, teniendo una relación franca la complejidad social y la duración del ingreso hospitalario.
The Awareness and Attitude towards Islamic Banking: A Study in Malaysia
Authors: Saiti Buerhan
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this study is to establish the level of awareness that Malaysians have in relation to the culture of Islamic banking, the attitude of Malaysians towards Islamic banking and a ranking of the bank selection criteria of Malaysians – and for each part of the study, to see if Muslim responses are different from non-Muslim responses. A sample of 150 Muslim and non-Muslim customers in Klang Valley was surveyed utilizing a questionnaire containing specific questions relating to the awareness and attitudes of Islamic banking to their ranking of the services required. It is found that the Muslims are more aware toward the culture of Islamic banking, and as consequences, be more aware of the meaning of fundamental terms used in Islamic banking and finance.In the case of the attitudes towards Islamic banks, there were many differences in attitudes between Muslims and non-Muslims in country with majority of Muslims. In the context of bank selection criteria, there are four significant differences among Muslims and non-Muslims such as, mass media advertising, credit on favorable terms, financial counseling and location near my place of work, while the others 18 criteria shows no significant difference. The findings can be utilize by banks to measure the level of attitudes and acceptance towards Islamic Banking among Muslims and non-Muslim and for those who is considering setting up an Islamic banking operations in the country with majority of Muslims.
Microfinance: Viable Approaches for Islamic Banking Implementation
Authors: Jusoh Wan Noor Hazlina Wan , Shariff Anita Md.
Published: January 2018

Islamic banks have very much engaged in debt financing businesses the same way and as much as their conventional counterparts do.  Debt financing businesses, as widely implemented, were specifically targeted for and tailored to the needs of middle and upper income group of people.  The low income people remain left out and forgotten in most banking businesses while microfinance instruments, which are meant to help the poor and needy, remain unpopular among the banking institutions. There is indeed increasing calls for Islamic banks to seriously consider this type of instrument as part of their religious obligation embedded under their Islamic identity. This paper demonstrated that microfinance instruments are viable for Islamic banks to consider despite the claims that the contracts are less secured and hence, too risky to embark in.   A number of microfinance instruments based on Islamic concepts namely Musyarakah, Murabahah, Mudharabah, Ijarah and Qard al-Hassan as well as operational frameworks such as SPV and wakalah, were being proposed and discussed to pave ways for its implementation by the Islamic banks.
The Determinants of Waqf Preference Toward Money-Cash Waqf
Authors: Faradis Jauhar
Published: January 2018

This research is based on the lackness of societie’s understanding toward cash Waqf and its big chance. The purpose of this research is to understand the factors causing Waqf preference toward the product of money-cash Waqf. The method of this research is factors analysis, and is applied in the Province of Yogyakarta include: Yogyakarta City, Sleman, Kulonprogo, Bantul and Gunung Kidul Regency. The results of this research are the determinants of muslim sociatie’s preference toward Money-Cash Waqf are: wakif’s attitude factor, complain factor, productive action factor, equity factor, product characteristic factor, and religiosity factor as well as generosity factor.
Analysis of Comparative Advantage Strategy Implementation on The Customer Loyalty of BRI Sharia in DIY
Authors: Hardjito Awis
Published: January 2018

Competition occurs among Islamic banks increasingly tight. In order to survive and remain competitive, an Islamic bank should have an identity and uniqueness which differentiates with other Islamic banks. BRI Sharia in order to enter the world of competition and survive should implement strategies remain competitive advantages to maintain the loyalty of its customers. These strategies are divided into cost leadership, differentiation and focus. The expectation by applying one of these strategies, BRI Sharia can retain the loyalty of the customers and gain new customers. This research aimed to determine which strategies are applied by BRI Sharia. The strategies of the competitive advantage created by M. Porter's such as cost leadership, differentiation, and focus affect significantly on customer loyalty. Data processing was performed using SEM analysis (Structural Equation Model). The results showed that customer loyalty variation can be explained by variabel s of cost leadership, differentiation and focus strategies. From the test results we can conclude that only cost leadership strategy variable that significantly affect customer loyalty of BRI Sharia.
Stock Returns and Liquidity Changes Around the Screening Announcement: An Empirical Study in Indonesia
Authors: Rahmasuciana D. Y. , Alwahidin A. , Utomo A. S. , Rofi'i Muhammad
Published: January 2018

This paper aims to identify and analyze the volatility of stock returns and the changes of liquidity around the announcement of Shari’ah stock screening published by Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) and Dewan Syariah Nasional (DSN-MUI). The announcement is consist of stocks that become the constituent of ISSI (Indonesia Shari’ah Stock Index) and the stocks out from ISSI in each period. The number of data are 341 emitens, divided into two categories. The first category was 196 stocks that out from the composition of  ISSI, and  the second was shari’ah stock from 145 emitens which categorized as part of ISSI from 2011 to 2016. The statistical method (t-test) is used to analyze the change of stock returns and the change of liquidity in 14 days around the announcement (6 days pre- and post announcement). The result shows that Shari’ah compliant stocks over 6 years around the announcement have no difference in return and have negative sign for both the Shari’ah stocks and the stocks out from ISS. It may caused by the intention of Islamic investor which invest their capital based on the compliance of Shari’ah, so the returns do not become the most important one. Interestingly, on the other hand, the liquidity change of stocks which out of ISSI has negative significant difference on the days after the announcement of screening. It indicates that the non-compliant stocks have negative in change of liquidity or have significant liquidity declining after the announcement. Also, in fact Islamic invetors are more concern in the list of stocks that out from ISSI and the stock returns become less important to them than the compliance of investment. Thess findings confirm the issue that the screening is not effecting the expected return of investors. Besides, this study tells that the screening is perceived as important information by the investors in making decisions. Thus, the next studies are needed to investigate the effect of long-term investment on shari’a stock and the factors that influence the shari’a stock return during the period of announcement.