bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radon concentration measurement in a groundwater in Al-Tuz, Salah Al-Din Governorate using nuclear track detector CN-85
Authors: Al-Mashhadani Asia H. , Ali Huda Saddi , Yas Rana M. , Ali Karar Sameen
Published: April 2020

This work aims to determine the radon concentration in different samples of groundwater in Al- Tuz, Salah Alden. The concentrations of radon were studied in 52 samples for different regions using CN-85 nuclear track detector. The results show that the concentration of radon gas in groundwater were ranged between the lowest value (0.727 Bq/L) in the modern morning well sample (w44) and the highest value (4.001 Bq/L) in the west of the district of Tuz well sample (w47) with an average (1.747). The results were found to be below the allowed limit of radon concentrations 222Rn (11.1 Bq/L). The mean annual dose of drinking water was ranged between the lowest value (2.619μSv/y) in sample W44 and the highest value (14.45 μ Sv/y) in the sample W47 with an average (6.292 μ Sv/y). All annual doses of drinking water values in this work were lower than the allowed limit (22.024 μ Sv/y).
Investigation of the Reaction Cross-Section for Production the Radioactive Isotopes Used in Fabricating The Nuclear Batteries
Authors: Latooffi Nabeel F. , Alzubadi Ali A.
Published: April 2020

Beta-decay radioactive isotopes have been widely used as a high-energy source in nuclear batteries. The aim of this study is to improve the evaluations of nuclear reactions for the production of some radionuclides with possible use in nuclear batteries. In particular, the 38Ar(n,γ)39Ar, 59Co(n,γ)60Co, 112Cd(n,γ)113mCd, 151Eu(n,γ)152Eu, 153Eu(n,γ) 154Eu, 193Os(n,γ) 194Os and 203Tl(n,γ) 204Tl neutron capture reactions have been studied for an incident neutron energy range from 10-6 eV up to 2 MeV. The evaluations of the capture cross sections are based on the nuclear model calculations with the latest release code EMPIRE-3.2.2 (Malta) and compared with the available experimental ones. The TENDL nuclear data library, which provides the output of TALYS nuclear model code system have been also presented along with the extracted data for some interactions with no experimental support. Simulation of the beta particles transportation and the generated bremsstrahlung intensity through silicon carbide semiconductor has been also investigated.
Investigation of The Thermal Conductivity of Binary Polymer Blends
Authors: Farhan Ahmed J , Jaffer Harith I
Published: April 2020

In this research, binary polymer blends are formed from epoxy, unsaturated polyester and polyurethane. The concentration were chosen with varying percentages of components, resulting in three groups; polyurethane / epoxy (PU/EP), epoxy/unsaturated polyester (EP/UPE) and polyurethane/unsaturated polyester (PU/UPE) blends. Hand lay-up technique was used to prepare the samples with 6 mm thickness prepared from simultaneous mixing of the two constituents in the required percentages.

Thermal conductivity K for these blends was carried out by using Lee’s disk method at room temperature. The experimental results showed that an increment and/or decrement of thermal conductivity depend on type and blend concentration. Also the experimental results indicated that the thermal conductivity has the highest values of (K) (0.78 J/m2.k) at ratios (PU 10% / EP 90 %), (0.70 J/m2.k) at ratios (EP 50% / UPE 50%) and (0.50 J/m2.k) at ratios (PU 40% / UPE 60%) respectively. This increment of (K) implies that the penetration of molecules of both polymer components in the same direct then a good transfer of energy by the vibration and rotation of the chain molecules.

Also the experimental results indicated that the thermal conductivity has the lowest value of (K) (0.52 J/m2.k) at ratios (PU 40% / EP 60%), (0. 0.53 J/m2.k) has obtained at ratios (EP 30% / UPE 70%) and (0. 0.31 J/m2.k) has obtained at ratios (PU 60% / UPE 40%) respectively.
Sustainable manufacturing process applied to produce magnesium oxide from sea water
Authors: Jassim A K , Salmtori S A , Jassam J A
Published: April 2020

Magnesium oxide is one of the most important materials that used to produce a basic refractory material which is applied for liningsteel and iron furnaces as well as cement furnaces. In this research, magnesium oxide was produced from sea water that content effective percentage of magnesium hydroxide instead of magnesium carbonate rock. The process has been done by adding additive materials which include high alumina, iron oxide, sodium phosphate and sodium silicate to reduce the sintering temperature to 1400 °C instead of 1750 °C. Moreover, kiln furnace was used instead of rotary furnace to do the sintering process. The results show that there is a possibility to produce magnesium oxide with purity of 56%. It is stable at temperature less than 1600 °C and resists the humidity and water. The process of producing magnesium oxide could be considered as a sustainable manufacturing process due to the applied lower sintering temperature which leads to reduce cost, energy and pollution.
Prepare Maps For Greenhouse Gases With Some Weather Elements For Baghdad City Using Data Observation And Arc-GIS Techniques
Authors: Khanjer Ebtesam F. , Awad Lina , Hassan Wassan A. , Ismael Ban S.
Published: April 2020

Air pollution refers to the release of pollutants into the air that are detrimental to human health and the planet as a whole.In this research, the air pollutants concentration measurements such as Total Suspended Particles(TSP), Carbon Monoxides(CO),Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and meteorological parameters including temperature (T), relative humidity (RH) and wind speed & direction were conducted in Baghdad city by several stations measuring numbered (22) stations located in different regions, and were classified into (industrial, commercial and residential) stations. Using Arc-GIS program ( spatial Analyses), different maps have been prepared for the distribution of different pollutant concentrations of the city of Baghdad. These maps indicate where the highest and lowest concentrations are based on the color gradient of the map.
Study of Some Factors That Affect ECG Device
Authors: Tafash Haitham T. , Ali Ahmed H. , mohammed Maath , Salman Mohammed D. , Ali Abdul Aziz , Maher Asmaa , Yaseen Teba , saade Safa , sabar Manar , Mohammed Abdullah , Jasim Hend , Huthaifa Sarah
Published: April 2020

Changes are studied that appear on the electrocardiogram due to the effect of electromagnetic waves emitting by mobile devices. The research was carried out at Fallujah Teaching Hospital by using a MAC1600-Morta ECG device. The work included a study on the effect of the presence of mobile devices during the measurement of electrocardiograms and the discussion of all cases, as well as the impact of the ordinary watch near the electrodes. The results showed a disturbance in the electric waves and return wave will return to its normal shape after the demise of the effect.
Electrochemical evaluation of polyaniline/multi-walled carbon nanotube composite synthesized by microwave plasma polymerization as a supercapacitor electrode
Authors: Ibrahim Nada I , Wasfi Ahmed S
Published: April 2020

PANI/MWCNT nanocomposite supercapacitor electrodes were synthesized by in-situ microwave plasma polymerization of aniline in the presence of MWCNT-COOH. The SEM image of the composite illustrates the formation of the core-shell MWCNT-PANI ordered structure that has a strong effect on the electrical conductivity and porosity, in addition to the appearance of agglomerated polymerized islands. The electrochemical performance of PANI/MWCNT composite was evaluated with respects to the obtained specific capacitance, energy and power density, and cyclic stability, using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge at a constant current and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The highest obtained specific capacitance was 112 F/g at a charging current density of 1.6 A/g, provides the highest energy density of 34.8 Wh/Kg and a power density of 1670 W/Kg. While the highest achieved power density was 8381 W/Kg with an energy density of 12.8 Wh/Kg. The delivered energy density crossed the threshold energy density limit of the battery, which meets the scientific motivation to use supercapacitor as an independent energy source.
Hybrid SOLAR / DIESEL Low Power Generation Performance System for Local House in Baghdad City
Authors: Allw Ali S. , Mustafa Falah I.
Published: April 2020

The national electrical energy situation report study today in Iraq represents that the value of the conventional electrical energy power is increasing day after day with increasing more demand on the electricity source in all sectors of life in Iraq. To avoid energy supply shortage, today should be using renewable energy sources with rise required management. A hybrid electrical energy system usually consists of two or more renewable energy sources used together with conventional electrical energy sources to extend increased system efficiency, but the design of hybrid power involves uneconomic and excessive capacities results in excess electric generation with increasing the initial costs. In this study, we find the optimization the best time required of sharing alternative between both of solar-diesel generator hybrid power system for 24 hours. The PV peak power was 1.3kW and diesel power 2.4kW with using both of theoretical calculation. The HOMER software was used to improve a simulation model for one day in Baghdad city in Iraq. The HOMER software is used to implement the optimization. The master objective is to optimize hybrid system component sizes, minimizing excess electricity generation, and set electric load and implement cost analysis based on life cycle price. Inputs data used for simulation consist of real solar radiation data (Averaged to monthly values), taken from the local weather station installed at Baghdad city. Based on maximum load, hybrid system parameters sizes considered and many simulation results are acquired.
Measurement of the distance to the central stars of Nebulae by using Expansion methods with Alladin Sky Atlas
Authors: Abdullah Albakri Sundus A. , Hussien Mohamed Naji Abdul , Herdan Huda
Published: April 2020

The usual methods of distance determination in Astronomy parallax and Spectroscopic with Expansion Methods are seldom applicable to Nebulae. In this work determination of the distances to individual Nebulae are calculated and discussed. The distances of Nebulae to the Earth are calculated. The accuracy of the distance is tested by using Aladin sky Atlas, and comparing Nebulae properties were derived from these distance made with statistical distance determination. The results showed that angular Expansions may occur in a part of the nebulae that is moving at a velocity different than the observed velocity. Also the results of the comparison of our spectroscopic distances with the trigonometric distances is that the spectroscopic distances are 55% larger. Since using trigonometric parallaxes with large relative measurement errors can introduce systematic errors, we carried out a Monte Carlo simulation of the biases introduced by selection effects and measurement errors. It turns out that a difference between both distance scales of the observed size is expected for the present day data if the underlying distance scales are identical.
Gliding arc discharge for water treatment
Authors: Hameedl T A , Kadhem S J
Published: April 2020

The significant shortage of usable water resources necessitated the creation of safe and non-polluting ways to sterilize water and rehabilitate it for use. The aim of the present study was to examine the ability of using a gliding arc discharge to inactivate bacteria in water. Three types of Bacteria satisfactory were used to pollute water which are Escherichia coli (Gram-negative), Staphylococcus aurous (Gram-positive) and salmonella (Gram-negative). A DC power supply 12V at 100 Hz frequency was employed to produce plasma. pH of water is measured gradually during the plasma treatment process. Contaminated water treated by gliding arc discharge at steadying the gas flow rate (1.5 l/min) and changing the exposure time of the polluted water to the plasma during periods of 10, 20 and 30 min.The bacteria which used show different responses when expose to produced plasma, most of them inactivated when treated with plasma for 30minutes.That’s means Survival rate decreased with treatment time. Results show that gliding arc plasma is a powerful and green tool to treatment water without generating any byproducts.
Preparation of Hydroxyapatite/Zirconia Porous Composites via Polymeric Sponge Method and Study the Physical and Bioactivity Properties
Authors: Mohammad M , Taha A , Shahatha S
Published: April 2020

In this study, Hydroxyapatite/Zirconia porous composites at different ratio were fabricated by polymeric sponge method. HAp were produced via solid state reaction in molar ratio (3:2) between TCP and Ca(OH)2. The crystal structure of the samples were characterized using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, the porosity and rheological properties of the samples were also tested. It’s found that the compression strength with the highest value (13.2 MPa) obtained when the composition ratio is (30:70 wt %) and porosity (65.7%). Incubated for 30 days in Simulation Body Fluid, a bone like apatite layer was completely formed on the surface of the porous composite.
Synthesis of copper oxide thin films by electrolysis method based on Porous Silicon for Solar Cell Applications
Authors: Oudah M. H. , Hasan M. H. , Abd A. N.
Published: April 2020

Copper oxide thin film was successfully prepared by electrolysis method and deposited on glass and porous silicon substrates. The main goal of this paper is to study the properties of copper oxide thin films and prepare a solar cell of low cost and good efficiency. These properties were optimized at annealing temperature (200) °C. The transmission spectrum were studied for the prepared thin film showed good transparency in the visible region. The structure of films was characterized by X-ray diffraction. The average grain size of the thin film from AFM analysis is about 46.3 nm. The energy bandgap is found to be (3.8) eV this wide bandgap is due to the quantum size effect. The solar cell efficiency is found to be (12.9%).
Structural and Morphological Characteristics of Organic and Inorganic Blend Heterojunction NiPcTs/CdS
Authors: Hassan A. S , Shallal I. H , Aboode M. A
Published: April 2020

In the present study NiPcTs, CdS thin films, and Blends of NiPcTs/CdS were prepared with 1:2 content mixing ratio of NiPcTs to CdS solutions. Cadmium chloride and thiourea were used as the essential materials for deposition CdS thin films while using organic powder of NiPcTs to deposit NiPcTs nanostructure films. The spin-coating technique was employed to fabricate the NiPcTs, CdS films, and NiPcTs-CdS blend. Structural properties of films have been investigated via X-Ray diffraction, and show that thin films of NiPcTs, and CdS have monoclinic and polycrystalline hexagonal structure respectively while the blend has two polycrystalline structure with cubic and hexagonal phases. Atomic force microscope (AFM) confirmed that the surface of all samples are quite smooth and they have comprised of spherical numerous nanoparticles with diameter less than 70 nm. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS)analyzer has been achieved to determine the chemical composition of the molecular materials, which exhibit the existence of all essential elements of thin films and blend heterojunction (BHJ) of NiPcTs -CdS. The preparation of chemical solutions, deposition of NiPcTs, CdS thin films and the blend heterojunction BHJ of NiPcTs–CdS have been characterized.
Study Optical Properties of Copper and Silver for Astronomical Solar Filters Prepared by DC Sputtering Plasma
Authors: Abd Al Kareem S. M. , Yaseen W. I.
Published: April 2020

This study presented a technique to sputter high strength, highly conductive copper and silver astronomical solar filter on glass substrates at room temperature. In this work, the thicknesses of copper are (110 and 230) nm and for silver are (230 and 400) nm using power 25 and 50 W respectively have been sputtered on glass substrate by DC sputtering plasma technique at room temperature. The base pressure of the plasma sputtering system found that it is very good at 0.1 mbar. The thickness and DC power sputter effect on the optical properties were studied by using UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The transmittance for all coated layers is increases rapidly as the wavelength increases in the range of (350-750) nm. The absorbance decreases rapidly at short wavelengths corresponding to the energy gap of the layer and the range of optical band gap values between (2 and 2.6) eV
Study The Structural Properties of Nanostructure (TiO2: Cu) Thin Film Prepared By RF Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Khemkheem Khalowd D , Jubier Najwa J , Elttayef Abdul_Hussain K
Published: April 2020

In this research, TiO2: Cu thin films deposited on a glass substrate with different thicknesses (100 ) and (200 ) nm by the radio frequency (R.F.) magnetron sputtering process using target TiO2: Cu. The sputtering deposition was performed by using the power of 100 Watt. Crystalline structure, surface morphology, and electronic structure were studied using X - ray difraction(XRD).XRD patterns demonstrate that TiO2 films deposited on a glass substrate at 500 C° are observed to be brookite (orthorhombic) polycrystalline phase with preferred orientation along (111). The average surface roughness (Ra) measured with atomic force microscopy (AFM) was 0.532 nm, and the minimum grain size was 40.5 nm for TiO2 doped 5%Cu.
The role of aluminum doping on structural and optical properties of ZnO thin films prepared by PLD
Authors: Rasheed R A , Alias M F A
Published: April 2020

In this work, pure and doped ZnO thin films with different Al wt% concentration were prepared using pulsed laser deposition technique on clean glass substrates at room temperature. Then investigate the effect of Al concentration on the structural and optical properties for the as deposited ZnO thin films. The structure of the prepared ZnO powder and thin films were examined by X-ray diffraction, whereas the optical properties of prepared thin films were characterized and investigated using UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer. The structure of powder and prepared pure and doped ZnO thin films were polycrystalline. Powder, pure and Al doped ZnO thin films were synthesized in hexagonal phase and the dominate orientation is (101). The crystallite size for (101) plane is increased with increasing Al wt%. The optical energy gap of doped ZnO thin film increased with increasing doping weight concentration. These make the prepared films as good candidate for gas sensor.
The Role of Tl Substitution on Superconducting Properties for Hg-1223 System
Authors: Alias M.F.A. , Aljurani B. A. , Hermiz G.Y.
Published: April 2020

High temperature superconductors with a nominal composition Hg1-xTlxBa2Ca2Cu3O8+δ for (0<x<0.4) were prepared by two-step solid state reaction in air. The effect of the substitution of Tl for Hg, oxygen content (δ) and sintering time (20-200h) on the Hg-12223 superconductivity system has been investigated to obtain the optimum conditions for the formation and stabilization of the high critical temperature (Tc).The results showed that the optimum sintering temperature for the prepared samples was equal to 880 °C, whereas the sintering time is equal to 100 h.The quantity of the element content for Hg1-xTlxBa2Ca2Cu3O8+δ system were carried out using x-ray fluorescence (XRF). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed a tetragonal structure with a high Tc phases (1223) as a dominant phase and low Tc phase (1212) addition to exist of some impurity phases for all samples. It was found that the change of the Tl concentrations of prepared samples produced a change in the lattice parameters, density ρm and c/a ratio. The highest Tc for HgBa2Ca2Cu3O8+δ composition was 118 K. The results for the doped samples, represented highest Tc equal to 124 K for Hg1-xTlx Ba2Ca2Cu3O8+δ sample with x=0.4.The oxygen content was not systematic changed but it played a great role in the evaluation of Tc.
Investigation In to Some Electrical Properties of Ytteria – Silicon Carbide, Ceramic Composites
Authors: Mohammed I A. , Ibrahim A A.
Published: April 2020

Ytteria, silicon carbide powders of (99.99) purity having (40) μm grain size were used to form different combinations of the system Y2O3- SiC. Silicon carbide particles was added in weight percent ranging (5,10,15and 20), dry milling were done for all the combinations at 8 hours. Samples of disc shape were fabricated and sintered at different temperature (800,1000,1200, 1400 and 1500) °C, under static air and for three hours as soaking time. Porosity for all sintered samples were measured. SEM after sintering were detected too. Electrical properties were studied to find the dielectric constant, breakdown voltage and the capacitance were don. Improvement in its electrical properties were achieved at all the combinations after adding the dispersed Sic particles. And especially at the combination (Y2O3 80-SiC20)Wt.%, that sintered at1500 °C.
Structural, Morphological and Optical properties of n-type Porous Silicon-effect of Etching Current Density
Authors: Abood H K , Mutlak F A-H
Published: April 2020

Porous silicon layers have been prepared from n-type silicon wafers of (111) orientation. XRD, AFM, reflectivity and PL have been used to characterize the structural, morphological, and optical properties of porous silicon. The influence of varying etching current density in the anodizing solution, on structural and optical properties of porous silicon has been investigated. It is observed that pore size increases with etching current density and attain maximum for 56 mA/cm2and then decreases. The PL spectrum peak shifts had been slight towards the higher energy side, which supports the quantum confinement effect in porous silicon. The reflectivity shows that the porous silicon surface lower reflectance which is due to the very thin layer of porous silicon and changed refractive index profile at the interface of the bulk silicon and porous silicon material.
Cobalt substitution effect on the physical properties of (Bi, Pb)-2223 superconductor
Authors: Jassim A K , Abodi S S , Abbas M M , Hussien A A
Published: April 2020

High-temperature superconductors with a nominal composition Bi2Pb0.3Sr2Ca2Cu3-xCoxO10+δ for (0≤x≤3) were prepared by solid-state reaction method. Effects of the Co substitution on Cu sites have been investigated to obtain the optimum concentration for the formation and stabilization of the superconducting samples. The results of electrical resistivity measurements of the samples showed that increasing x substituting Co enhance the superconducting properties except for the samples with x=3 yield semiconductor behavior. The higher critical temperature TC found at 118 K, which is for the composition Bi2Pb0.3Sr2Ca2Cu2.2Co0.8O0+δ, which has the highest value of excess oxygen content 0.315. The X-ray diffraction analysis for all superconducting samples showed an orthorhombic structure with two phases, high-Tc 2223 phase and low-TC 2212 phase. X-ray spectroscopy analysis showed that the compositions with x=0.6 and 0.8 samples did not contaminate during the synthesis processes. The scanning electron microscope has been used to identify the morphology of the superconducting phase. The plate-like grains of the high Bi- 2223 phase appeared in most micrographs of the superconducting samples besides changes morphology of samples with increasing dopant concentration.
Removing atmospheric effects for Multi spectral images (OLI 8) using ATCOR model
Authors: Maher Asmaa , Ghazal Nawal K
Published: April 2020

The atmospheric correction of satellite images is an important first step for different remote sensing applications such as estimation of vegetation indices. In atmospheric corrections, most uncertainties arise from temporal and spatial variations in aerosol types and quantities. Thus, considered validation estimate Aerosol is an essential step in the validation atmospheric correction algorithms. In the current study, two models of atmospheric correction algorithms ATCOR (ATCOR 3 and ATCOR 2) were applied to remove atmospheric effects of test sites in Middle part of Iraq. Statistical results of ATCOR 2 was shown to be successful in the urban parts to remove effective type of aerosol which could be chosen to process satellite images in areas under investigation.
Study the effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on Physical properties of Biopolymer blend
Authors: Jawad Mohammed K. , Abid Noor K.
Published: April 2020

Chitosan (CH) / Poly (1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) (PVP-co-VAc) (7:3) blend [CH/(PVP-co-VAc)] reinforced with two types of nanoparticle of titanium oxide TiO2 (type I & II) were prepared by solution casting method. The nanocomposites prepared with different concentrations (1, 2, 3.5, 5, 7.5, and 10) wt%. The tests carried out were AFM, FTIR, Tensile strength, Thermal conductivity measurement, and Weight gain. The results of the AFM test showed that the roughness of the surface decreased with the addition of a small amount of nanoparticles (1 wt.%) to the CH/(PVP-co-VAc) blend. FTIR results for blend film indicates a significant degree of composition between (PVP-co-VAc) and CH molecules. Nanocomposite films indicate that the composition among polymer blends and Nano are associated with changes in intensity, shape, and position of modes. The mechanical properties of chitosan were enhanced by the addition of TiO2 nanoparticle with significant increases in tensile strength (from 47.87 MPa to 64.95 ~ 70 MPa). Because interfacial bonding and homogenous distribution between the nanoparticles and the blend were supportive of markedly improved mechanical strength. The results of thermal conductivity and water absorption showed that the highest values were achieved in the polymer blend (CH/[PVP-co-VAc]), whereas its decrease with the increase of the nanoparticle incorporation.
The effect of polyaniline addition on ZnO for the fabrication of high performance photodetection
Authors: Thbayh Dalal K , Talib Rawnaq A , Ziadan Kareema M
Published: April 2020

The effect of PAni loading (5 and 15%) on the properties (PAni-ZnO) composite was investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis confirms the hexagonal wurtzite-type ZnO crystal structure, while ZnO peaks’ intensity decreases with increasing PAni content. Field emission scanning microscopy observations indicate, in the absence of PAni, ZnO crystallizes as twinned hexagonal rod nanostructure; the size of crystals of ZnO-15%PAni is shorter along ZnO-5% PAni while the width of the crystals is larger with increasing concentration of PAni. The composites deposited onto glass, PET, and Si substrates revealed interesting characteristics for the fabricated photodetector devices. The photodetector based on ZnO-15%PAni / Si substrate demonstrates the best performance with a high gain of 43 and a sensitivity of 4962.
The Role of New Technologies for Envelops of Buildings In Improving The Internal Environment Of University Buildings
Authors: yehia Luma Mohammed , Alobaidi Maysaa Moffeq , Sameer Ebtesam
Published: April 2020

The impact of the progress in the field of technology on the development of engineering sciences, including architecture and provided the modern technologies of the architect designed enormous possibilities in the formation and design of buildings and thus improve the environmental performance of those buildings, providing them with comfort for their occupants, and recent studies have proved the importance of the quality of the internal environment on the scientific performance in the educational buildings from here The importance of research in the role and importance of modern techniques in improving the internal environment of educational buildings, including university, where the research assumes the existence of a range of techniques employed by the designer in the design of building covers to improve internal environmental performance and The research problem was based on a discussion of the factors influencing the quality of the internal environment and a series of studies that dealt with the design of the modern buildings and their environmental impact, in order to derive the main variables and apply them in the study The process, which analyzed a range of contemporary university buildings, led to conclusions and recommendation.
The research on the characteristic of the cutting force while chipping of the Caucasian Fir (Abies Nordmanniana) with a single-shaft wood chipper
Authors: Warguła Ł , Krawiec P
Published: April 2020

Waste management in a selective manner requires the collection of waste, among others, also large-scale. In Poland, in January and February, the collection of biodegradable waste is carried out – Christmas trees. This process is carried out by collecting from the real estate the whole trees, and then transporting them to the utilization place, where they undergo chipping processes. The article discusses the subject of estimating the cutting force when chipping a single-shaft wood chipper of the Caucasian Fir (Abies Nordmanniana). The obtained results of the loads characteristics and values of forces will enable the design of effective chipping machines. They can also help improve the efficiency of the selective waste collection process i.e. Christmas trees by developing mobile chipping machines mounted on waste collection vehicles. They will allow to limit the number of operations in the waste treatment process to collect and transport the shredded biodegradable mass to the processing stations.
Biomass cutting tests to determine the lowest value of the process force
Authors: Wilczyński D , Wałęsa K , Berdychowski M , Kukla M
Published: April 2020

The paper presents experimental investigations of straw cutting in the form of triticale. The cutting was performed using a specialized testing station adapted for mounting on a MTS Insight 50 kN testing machine. It is allows to change the cutting blade, which made it possible to study the effect of changing the rake angle of its blade and the inclination of the cutting edge on cutting force value. The influence of the linear speed of the knife and the size of the gap between the blade and the counter-blade was also investigated. The results obtained allowed to select the most favorable values of the above-mentioned parameters of the cutting process in terms of obtaining the lowest value of the cutting force, which consequently determines the process energy consumption. Obtained results are not only guidelines for machine design and cutting devices, but these can also be used as input data for multicriteria analysis, which can result in looking for other values of process parameters not taken into account in the presented studies, and key ones in the direction of the next ones.
Determination of the strength of a flat wagon by elastic viscous interaction with tank containers
Authors: Fomin O , Gerlici J , Lovska A , Lack T , Bykovets N , Shatkovska H , Kravchenko K
Published: April 2020

The article highlights the peculiarities of the mathematical modelling for dynamic load of the bearing structure of a flat wagon by elastic-viscous interaction with tank containers. It was established that the presence of viscous or elastic-viscous connections between fittings and fitting stops, taking into account the possible movements of tank containers in relation to the frame, provides the dynamic load of the bearing structure of the flat wagon within normal range. The conducted researches will provide efficiency increase of combined transportations and develop recommendations for designing modern constructions of railway rolling stock.
Granulation machines with highly turbulized flows: creation of software complex for technological design
Authors: Artyukhov A , Artyukhova N , Krmela J , Krmelová V
Published: April 2020

The article deals with author’s software products review to calculate devices with highly turbulized flows as a part of granulation units. Principal scheme and model of the granulation unit, algorithm of the granulation technical calculation are represented in the work. The complex automated calculation technique of the granulation units is proposed. The proprietary software for calculation of main stages in the granulation process is observed in the research. Short description and functions of main software products to implement basic algorithm are given: Vortex Flow©, Conical Channel©, Conical Granulator©, Multistage Heat Treatment©, Vortex Tray©. As a result of the optimization calculation, the user of programs will get the following information: optimal construction of the vortex granulator’s workspace, necessary number of stages in the multistage shelf drier for granules’ final drying, number and construction of the vortex tray with heat and mass transfer-separation elements for exhaust gases cleaning. All software products enable to export the received data and to exchange these data between each other. The complex algorithm and software products, proposed in the article, let to carry out optimization calculation of the main technological equipment in the granulation unit at its designing stage without expensive multifactorial experiment. The presented granulation units’ calculation algorithm and software products for its realization enable to carry out equipment changeover if raw material characteristics and the productivity of the unit are changed. The automated calculations results give a base to design industrial granulation unit for porous ammonium nitrate production.
Analysis of heat transfer coefficients for simulation of the heat exchange between oil and the internal cavity faces of the isolated piston at variable gravity conditions
Authors: Bilohub A , Van Duong N , Sirenko F , Savchuk V , Bilousov I , Symonenko R , Zajačko I
Published: April 2020

The paper deals with the problems related to the development of a new piston design for replacement during repair in 2-stroke D-100 engines for locomotives. The paper addresses the design, the mass of which is 35 % less than the mass of the prototype. The results of thermal calculation, which served the initial data for the temperature and heat transfer coefficients evaluation over the heat-receiving surface of the combustion chamber of the piston, coincide with the experiment of prof. G. Rosenblit. The integral boundary conditions were refined by calculating five successive engine cycles, αP
= 1830 W m–2 K–1 and Teq p
= 970 K were selected for further research. Next, heat transfer from the piston internal cavity to the oil, which is supplied through a nozzle in the small head of the connecting rod, was studied. The study included a 3D simulation of the cooling oil movement from the nozzle to the inner surface, both in the stationary mode (Earth’s gravity field) and taking into account the variable acceleration of the piston at the design mode. In this case, the location of the holes in the nozzle, the flow parameters and the properties of the oil were simulated. The study showed that taking piston acceleration into account leads to a slight difference in heat transfer coefficient in the center of the piston (830–800 W m–2 K–1) and rather large at the periphery (600 … 520 W m–2 K–1 taking into account the acceleration of the piston against 460 … 420 W m–2 K–1). It is shown that the nozzle with 4 holes and the angle of inclination of the side holes φ = 55° gives a more efficient cooling.
The fault tree stochastic analysis
Authors: Chovanec A , Breznická A , Mikuš P
Published: April 2020

This article presents a solution of the fault tree quantitative analysis with application of knowledge of probability distribution type into the failure and distribution parameters in case of non-renewed objects or objects being restored. It brings a look at fault tree solving based on statistical view using mathematical modeling. In this article present relations of FTA analysis for quantitative deterministic approach that is most commonly used.
Experimental and numerical tests of clinch connections strength
Authors: Dudziak M , Talaśka K , Wilczyński D
Published: April 2020

The work presents experimental investigations of clinch connections of structural wooden elements. The tests were carried out using the MTS Insight 50 kN laboratory testing machine. The influence of changing parameters such as the angle of sharpening γ staples, which values were successively 30° and 60°, and the mutual positioning of the staple legs, which was parallel, divergent and convergent, were investigated. The presented results gave information on which parameters, the connection strength is the highest. Experimental research was also supported by numerical studies in which the phenomenon of destruction of this type of connection was simulated. The built-in numerical model gives the opportunity to examine the connection strength for a larger number of cases of change in the value of the angle γ and the angle of mutual positioning of the staple legs.
Stress analysis of specimen with a reinforced thin layer
Authors: Handrik M , Vaško M , Majko J , Kopas P , Jakubovičová L , Halama R , Fusek M
Published: April 2020

The paper presents an analysis of the stress state in the tensile test sample. The test sample has a hardened surface layer with chemic heat treatment – cementation. The analysis was carried out for various thicknesses of the reinforced cemented layer. If the whole thickness of the material is not cemented, the fracture is near the grip section of the specimen. The analysis results explain the cause of this fracture.
Simulation of wood biomass combustion in hot water boiler
Authors: Klačková I , Zajačko I , Lenhard R , Gritsuk I , Wiecek D
Published: April 2020

Calculation methods based on finite volume methods (CFD method) have proven to be very useful in optimizing (efficiency, emission) heat sources for wood burning. Such heat sources also include gasification hot-water boilers for the combustion of dry wood. One of the important parts of the entire process of converting the primary energy contained in the fuel to the transfer of heat to the heat carrier is the gasification of the fuel in the feed chamber and the subsequent burning of wood gas. The paper presents CFD simulation of wood gasification process in the filling chamber and subsequent burning of wood gas on a model heat source. As a model heat source, was selected a hot-water boiler with lower fuel firing with a flue gas-water heat exchanger tubular heat exchanger. It is a gasification hot water boiler for the combustion of dry wood. The interior of the boiler consists of a filling chamber where the fuel is dried and fused. The wood gas then passes through the nozzle to the combustion chamber, where it burns with the aid of secondary air. The flue gases pass their heat in the heat exchanger through the walls of the pipes into the water.
3D technology implementation in medicine
Authors: Macko M , Szczepański Z , Mikołajewski D , Mikołajewska E , Furtak J
Published: April 2020

New modern additive technologies and reverse engineering are becoming available, especially in medical applications. The paper presents possible ways of using additive technologies in the scope of increasing the level of training of medical specialists in everyday clinical practice and in the selection of the appropriate scenario before real surgery. Descriptions of projects implemented with surgeons whose effect is to achieve aforementioned goals have been presented. The concepts are known as new solutions, but their further development may lead to the extension of the scope of application of these techniques in medicine, among others in relation to other disciplines.
CAE analysis and simulations of technological processes of selected high strength steels
Authors: Majerík J , Barényi I , Ladecký M , Krbaťa M
Published: April 2020

The article of authors deals with the design of the structural part of the bodywork in the CAE system CATIA using the CAE software solutions of the Autoform system, which are based on the finite element method. This design was subsequently implemented into the design of dies in order to achieve the most efficient and high-quality dies, which are increasingly required in industrial practice for lifetime and functionality. Three types of high-strength steels TRIP HCT780T, DP-HCT780X and CP-HCT780C with approximately the same tensile strength were selected for the experiments. Based on the input parameters, simulations were implemented and the results obtained from the simulations will be the basis for selecting the most optimal variant. The main measurable and evaluative factor was the outputs obtained from the FLD diagrams.
Evaluate of time delays influence on effectiveness of nonlinear saturation controller. Part I: Modelling
Authors: Mitura A , Rusinek R
Published: April 2020

In this paper a numerical model of a strongly nonlinear beam with attached vibration control system is presented. To reduce vibration a saturation controller is applied. Its input and output are time delayed signals. To estimate an influence of time delays on the control effectiveness, two indicators are proposed. The first indicator is quantitative, while the second one – qualitative is based on value of the largest Lyapunov exponent. The numerical procedure for estimating this exponent is developed and tested.
Simplified approach for creep evaluation in superheaters
Authors: Naď M , Lošák P , Létal T , Pernica M
Published: April 2020

This paper is focused on the estimation of temperature distribution on superheater tube bundles for the consequent creep damage evaluation. The precision of estimated temperatures is very important because it significantly affects residual creep life. Conditions in the tube bundle can be simulated using CFD, however, a full 3D simulation would be computationally intensive and not fit for practical use. In order to mitigate this issue, the new approach considered in this paper uses a series of 2D CFD simulations in multiple sections using known inlet flow conditions. Those conditions have been investigated in previous work using 3D CFD simulation of flue gas flow starting in the combustion chamber and ending just before the superheater in the second pass. The paper also deals with possible temperature differences that may arise due to simplifications in the proposed approach. Lastly, the residual creep life is estimated using obtained temperature distribution on the tube bundle.
Construction proposal of shipping bulk container
Authors: Poklemba R , Zajac J , Goldyniak D , Olexa I , Dilýová M
Published: April 2020

The presented paper is focused on proposal of folding container that would minimize this problem and reduce transportation costs. Transportation has been an important part of everyday life in the past. Crates of various shapes and sizes were used to transport various goods, the main task of which was to protect the material from adverse atmospheric influences. As a result of technology development, people have tried to simplify the way they transport different materials or products. Containerisation has arisen for the need to transport more goods over longer distances, even between continents. The work also contains descriptions of individual graphic systems through which it is possible to implement the container proposal before its production. In the last part there is a comparison of the classic folding container in terms of its transport and description of its construction.
Numerical analysis of thin-walled component structure
Authors: Pytliński R , Wojtkowiak D , Talaśka K
Published: April 2020

Thin-walled components are commonly employed in the broadly understood engineering applications. From building construction, to machine building and acoustic system components. The design calculations for this type of structures are complex and time consuming. The paper presents an MES analysis of a thin-walled component in the example of a speaker membrane. The aim of the analysis is to determine the deformation characteristics of the membrane as a function of its deflection by the voice coil. The examined component is constructed from two materials, which was reflected in the model. The paper presents the methodology of building the MES model, modeling of selected materials forming the structural composition of the membrane as well as interpretation of results. The contents provided in the paper may be of use for the purpose of determining the correct construction of these components in order to improve their working efficiency.
Thermal-stress analysis of vulcanization molds to determine the dilatation gap between aluminum segments
Authors: Vaško M , Sága M , Ságová Z , Handrik M , Kopas P , Jakubovičová L , Muraviev V V , Muravieva O V
Published: April 2020

The aim of the paper is to present a methodology for calculating the gap between segments of a tire vulcanizing mold in order to prevent rubber from flowing out of the mold when heated to 165 °C. The analysis will be performed for four types of molds for the manufacturing of tires for passenger cars. Segments for containers K1 to K4 with their minimum and maximum dimensions were selected for analysis. Deformation values in radial and tangential directions for all four segment types were evaluated by computational analysis. The finite element method (FEM) was used for the analysis using the ANSYS computational program. The calculation was made on the finite-element models of the aluminum segment, its carrier and the tightening ring. The boundary conditions were selected for each load case to really characterize the physical phenomenon.
Analysis of the guiding column and sleeve cooperation in the linear slide bearing of the punching die head-punch block
Authors: Wojtkowiak D , Talaśka K , Berdychowski M
Published: April 2020

A proper cooperation of the guiding column and sleeve in the linear slide bearings of the punching die head-punch block is very important in the context of alignment between the punch and the die. Multiple factors like the shaft and sleeve tolerances, contact surface roughness or the type of loading applied to the bearing may have an effect on the movement of the mechanism. In the paper authors focus on the influence of the linear slide bearings distribution on the punching die plate on the stress distribution on the column and the sleeve as well as on the deflection of the head-punch block. It is especially important for the punching dies with one-sided guiding that enables moving it toward the center of the material to perform a designed perforation pattern. Considering the machines for polymer composite belt perforation, the deflection of the head-punch block has to reach its minimum since very small punch-die clearances (below 1 % of the hole diameter) are used. The presented FEM analyses provide a lot of useful information and enable designing effective constructions of the punching die. Additionally, the effect of the return spring system was also modelled.
Application of the Mohr-Coulomb model for simulating the biomass compaction process
Authors: Berdychowski M , Talaśka K , Malujda I , Kukla M
Published: April 2020

Presently, there are many different available material models. Some are used for modeling loose materials such as soil and sand. Such models could be usable for modeling the behavior of fragmented biomaterials e.g. sawdust. The subject of the present article is the M-C model, one of the models for describing the characteristics of plasticity in a material. The article presents the method of determining the material constants used in this model, including the cohesion coefficient and angle of internal friction. The results and types of experimental examinations necessary for the purpose of the implemented task are also presented herein. The study was carried out for the oak and pine sawdust mix.