bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Proton and Photon Radiotheraphy for Left-sided Breast Cancer via Dosimetric Calculations
Authors: Yeşildere İnci , Kuday Sinan
Published: September 2023

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women. Today, the radiotherapy method is widely preferred to treat cancer patients where proton therapy is a radiotherapy method used to destroy cancerous cells using proton beams with unique characteristics. Photon therapy, on the other hand, is a classical radiotherapy method that treats cancerous cells by targeting ionizing radiation. In our study, a tumor was placed in the left breast in a water phantom with the help of the Geant4 simulation program and geometry with critical organs was modeled. With this simulation, the doses received by the organs were interpreted and comparisons were made using the chi-square method as the two different source beams, proton and photon deployed. When the percentile values in the dose table are normalized for 1 Gy, the test statistic obtained as 0.467, and the H0 hypothesis is rejected at the α=0.975 Statistically, we measured the significant differences between proton and photon dose values for tumors and other organs by Geant4 simulations.
Construction of New Ostrowski’s Type Inequalities By Using Multistep Linear Kernel
Authors: Qayyum Yasır , Ali Haider , Rasool Faiz , Qayyum Ather
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we construct a generalisation of Ostrowski’s type inequalities with the help of new identity. By using this identity, we construct further results for ģ^'∈L^1 [c ̇,d ̆ ],ģ^'∈L^2 [c ̇,d ̆ ],ģ^''∈L^2 [c ̇,d ̆ ]. To prove our main and related results, we utilized some famous inequalities such as Gruss-inequality, Diaz-Mıtcaf’s inequality and Cauchy’s inequality. To prove our main results, we used a new multistep kernel (9-step linear kernel). Some related results are also discussed. In the end, we apply our results to numerical integration also.
Effect of Knitting Pattern of PP Mesh on the Flexural Properties of Heat-cured PMMA Denture Base Resin
Authors: Yerliyurt Kaan , Eğri Sinan
Published: September 2023

Heat-cured polymethyl methacrylate is (PMMA) is the most common denture base material and some mechanical properties such as flexural strength and impact resistance etc. may lead to fail, besides its excellent properties. Polypropylene (PP) hernia mesh is a commercially available medical textile used in surgical repair of different types of hernia. It was aimed to investigate the effect of two different knitting patterns of PP meshes on the flexural properties of the PMMA denture base resin when they are used as reinforcement and compare with glass fiber mesh reinforced and no mesh used resins. Knitting patterns of the PP mesh structures were hexagonal honeycomb pattern and square pattern and these were used as single or double layer as reinforcement. 6 groups were established in the study: control group with no mesh and 5 reinforced groups with meshes (glass fiber mesh, single layer honeycomb patterned PP mesh, double layer honeycomb patterned PP mesh, single layer square patterned PP mesh, double layer square patterned PP mesh). A total of 60 samples with the dimensions of 65x10x3 mm, n=10 in each group were fabricated. The flexural strength, maximum deformation, and flexural modulus were determined by three-point bending test. Fracture surfaces were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The obtained data were statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA test with Bonferroni corrections. The single layer square patterned PP mesh group exhibited the highest (76.67 ± 7.64 MPa), and the control group showed the lowest (63.49 ± 7.18 MPa) flexural strength values. The single layer glass fiber mesh group showed the highest (7.13 ± 0.55 mm) and the control group showed the lowest (4.72 ± 0.81 mm) maximum deformation values. The single layer glass fiber mesh group exhibited the highest (2131.87 ± 205.76 MPa), and the control group exhibited the lowest (1582.26 ± 98.63 MPa) flexural modulus values. Significant increase in flexural strength was observed in all polypropylene mesh-reinforced groups compared to the control group except double layer honeycomb patterned PP mesh group (p < 0.05). Using PP fiber mesh for reinforcement provide a very favorable aesthetic view and PP fiber mesh is concluded to be a promising material for reinforcement of heat-cured PMMA denture base resins.
Antioxidant Capacity of Essential Oils Obtained from Myrtus communis L. and Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck Plants Widely Consumed in Adana Region
Authors: Nenni Merve , Karahüseyin Seçil
Published: September 2023

Vitamin C, an antioxidant, is abundant in oranges (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck), which are consumed worldwide. It has treated constipation, diarrhea, upper respiratory illnesses, obesity, menstruation issues, hypertension, and stress. Traditional medicine worldwide uses myrtle (Myrtus communis L.). Clinical and experimental studies show that the plant has a wide range of pharmacological and therapeutic activities, including antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, pulmonary and skin diseases, dysentery, vomiting, rheumatism, sinusitis, leucorrhoea, and hair loss control. These plants contain flavonoids, terpenes, steroids, fatty acids, carbohydrates, volatile chemicals, carotenoids, and nutritional components. Plant antioxidants have gained popularity due to their health benefits. Many studies focused on medicinal organic antioxidants. The main goal of this research was to investigate the volatile components and antioxidant capacities of the essential oils of myrtle and orange, both of which are commonly utilized for medicinal purposes in the Adana region. Myrtle and orange extracts demonstrated substantial antioxidant properties when tested with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, a test based on the scavenging of the DPPH radical. It has been revealed that myrtle essential oil has a higher capacity in terms of antioxidant activity than orange essential oil.
Legendre Computational Algorithm for Linear Integro-Differential Equations
Authors: Oyedepo Taiye , Ayoade Abayomi , Ajileye Ganiyu , Ikechukwu Nneoma Joyce
Published: September 2023

This work presents a collocation computational algorithm for solving linear Integro-Differential Equations (IDEs) of the Fredholm and Volterra types. The proposed method utilizes shifted Legendre polynomials and breaks down the problem into a series of linear algebraic equations. The matrix inversion technique is then employed to solve these equations. To validate the effectiveness of the suggested approach, the authors examined three numerical examples. The results obtained from the proposed method were compared with those reported in the existing literature. The findings demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is not only accurate but also efficient in solving linear IDEs. In order to present the results, the study employs tables and figures. These graphical representations aid in displaying the numerical outcomes obtained from the algorithm. All calculations were performed using Maple 18 software.
Electrochemical Study of Clopidogrel and its Determination in Pharmaceutical Preparations Using Square Wave Voltammetry
Authors: Yılmaz Bilal , Yılmaz Semih
Published: September 2023

In the present study, the electroanalytical behaviour of clopidogrel was investigated by cyclic voltammetry method. The procedure was based on clopidogrel being electrochemically oxidized at a platinum electrode in nonaqueous solutions. At 1.93 V, the oxidation peak was noted. It was discovered that clopidogrel's oxidation was diffusion-controlled. Additionally, a quick and easy SWV approach was developed and validated in this work to determine clopidogrel in pharmaceutical preparations. At concentrations between 5 and 50 µg/mL, the calibration curve was linear. The precision was given by relative standard deviation and was less than 2.73%. Accuracy was given with relative error and did not exceed 3.89%. In pharmaceutical preparations, clopidogrel had an average recovery of 100.1%. Under the chosen experimental conditions, no interference was found. The suggested method is extremely accurate and precise. Therefore, the method is applicable to the measurement of clopidogrel in pharmaceutical formulations.
3D Stabilized FEM Solution of the MHD Equations in an External Medium and Around a Solid
Authors: Aydın Selçuk Han , Erdoğan Mahir Ceylan
Published: September 2023

In this study, we consider 3-D MagnetoHydroDynamic (MHD) flow problems with different configurations which are mathematically expressed by system of coupled partial differential equation with coupled boundary conditions. These equations are solved numerically using one of the most popular schemes named as the finite element method (FEM) with SUPG type stabilized version in order to obtain accurate and stable solutions especially for the high values of the problem parameters. Obtained numerical solutions are visualized in terms of figures by taking the 2-D slices of the 3-D data in order to emphasize the accuracy of the proposed formulation.
Determination of Progesterone in Pharmaceutical Preparations by UV, First-order Derivative Spectrophotometry and Gas Chromatography
Authors: Yılmaz Bilal , Albayrak Mevlüt , Kadıoğlu Yücel
Published: September 2023

The determination of progesterone in pure and capsule form was accomplished in this work using new, simple and quick procedures by UV spectrophotometry, first-order derivative spectrophotometry and gas chromatography. To increase the sensitivity of the suggested methods, it was necessary to optimize the solvent system, the detection wavelength, and the chromatographic conditions. The linear regression equations for the UV spectrophotometry, first-order derivative spectrophotometry and gas chromatography were y=0.0536x+0.0002, y=0.1362x+0.0014, and y=1.8217x-1.239, respectively, as determined by the least square regression approach. Under the chosen experimental conditions, no interference was found. The suggested methods are extremely accurate and precise. When the suggested methods' findings were compared to those of two published reference methods, there was statistically no discernible difference. Therefore, the methods are applicable to the measurement of progesterone in pharmaceutical formulations.
Prospects for the creation of new drug candidates with antidepressant activity among thietanes
Authors: Nikitina Irina L. , Gaisina Gulnara G. , Klen Elena E. , Rozit Galina A. , Samorodov Alexander V.
Published: September 2023

The article presents the results of systematic studies on the search for new biologically active molecules with antidepressant activity in the series of thietane-containing heterocyclic compounds and 3-substituted thietane dioxides. The used strategy for the search for antidepressant substances, based on in vivo pharmacological screening in combination with in silico methods of mathematical modeling and toxico-pharmacokinetic evaluation, is described. Studies of the biological activity of thietane-containing reaction products of azoles with thiiranes have been carried out in the series of thietanylimidazoles, titanixanthines, thietanyltriazoles, thietanyltriazolones, and 3-substituted thietane-1,1-dioxides (more than 300 compounds have been studied). The main results of the preclinical evaluation of promising drug candidates with antidepressant activity, 3-methoxythiethane-1,1-dioxide and 3-ethoxythiethane-1,1-dioxide, are presented. Both 3-substituted thietane-1,1-dioxides are characterized by low toxicity when administered intraperitoneally to mice (class IV low toxicity), the absence of toxic risks (mutagenic, carcinogenic, reproductive toxicity, local irritant action), high pharmaceutical potential (compliance with the rule of five Lipinsky), a wide range of action and pronounced antidepressant activity, not inferior to the reference drug amitriptyline (10 mg/kg), confirmed in highly valid in vivo models of depressive-like states (chronic mild stress and resident intruder). In tests of neuropharmacological interaction, it was found that the proposed mechanism of action of 3-substituted thietane-1,1-dioxides is associated with stimulation of 5-HT1A receptors, blockade of 5-HT2A/2C receptors and/or 2-adrenergic receptors. The need for further research is substantiated in order to create domestic first in class antidepressants on their basis.
On predicting outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure with frailty syndrome
Authors: Podobed Ivan V. , Al majmai Nuruldin M.Kh. , Titareva Lyudmila V. , Silytina Marina V. , Ponomarev Alexey S.
Published: September 2023

Background. The presence of frailty negatively affects the prognosis of patients with chronic heart failure, increasing the frequency of hospitalizations, limiting treatment options, and also increasing the mortality of patients.
Aim. To develop a model for predicting mortality in patients with decompensated chronic heart failure, including frailty syndrome.
Material and methods. 107 patients aged 4595 years with decompensated chronic heart failure were studied. Four age groups were formed: the first 29 patients aged 4559 years old (average age 53.94.5 years), the second 31 elderly patients (6074 years old, average 68.35.0 years), the third 40 senile people (7590 years, average age 81.54.1 years), the fourth 7 long-lived patients (90 years, average 921.4 years). A comprehensive geriatric assessment was performed using the program Optimization of care in geriatrics depending on the degree of frailty. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to select mortality predictors.
Results. The prognostic model included 6 independent variables: age 1.05 [0.96; 1.17] (p=0.28), male gender 0.25 [0.03; 1.65] (p=0.17), frailty of severe or terminal degree 5.56 [1.08; 37.14] (p=0.05), IV functional class according to the classification of New York Heart Association 3.41 [0.60; 27.35] (p=0.19), ejection fraction 50% or more 0.29 [0.03; 2.28] (p=0.26), ejection fraction 4049% 0.40 [0.05; 2.60] (p=0.36). The sensitivity of the model was 62%, specificity 82%, prognostic effectiveness 88%.
Conclusion. Severe or terminal asthenia is the strongest predictor of mortality, increasing the risk of an unfavorable outcome by 5.56 times.
The Implicit Social Contract in Soviet Higher Education and Its Transformation in the 1990s
Authors:   Journal of Institutional Studies, Kapoguzov Evgeny A.
Published: September 2023

The article presents a theoretical analysis and characterizes the parameters of the implicit social contract between society and the intelligentsia during the latter part of the Soviet period. The specificity of this type of implicit social contract is demonstrated, particularly regarding the potential benefits and existing limitations in pursuing higher education and realizing the life ambitions of the Soviet intelligentsia. The archetypes and behavioral strategies of individuals during the Soviet era are examined, both in terms of socially accepted and deviant conduct. The institutional elements that shape the experiences of individuals with higher education during the Soviet period are described, specifically the influence of officially proclaimed morality, ethical norms, and coercive mechanisms as value systems. The issue of the overproduction of individuals with higher education is highlighted, which resulted in the devaluation of its significance and a decline in social status for the technical intelligentsia during the Soviet period. The problems surrounding the quality of primary and higher education in the USSR are discussed, and the factors contributing to its crisis in the late USSR are identified. The transformation of values in the post-Soviet period is examined, and some consequences stemming from this transformation are explored.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Highly Effective Carbon Sorbent Based on Renewable Resources
Authors: Burakov A. E. , Kuznetsova T. S. , Burakova I. V. , Ananyeva O. A. , Mkrtchyan E. S. , Dyachkova T. P. , Tkachev A. G.
Published: September 2023

The synthesis of new sorption materials by hydrothermal carbonization of sunflower meal (HTS) with the addition of graphene oxide (GO) and subsequent carbonization (C) was developed. To assess the morphological and phase changes during carbonization, the materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and IR spectroscopy. According to the results obtained, carbonization promoted the development of latent porosity, as well as a decrease in the amount of oxygen-containing and alkyl groups. Kinetic sorption studies were also carried out on the example of the Pb+2 ions and organic dye molecules – methylene blue (MB), extraction. The experiment results showed that the adsorption capacity of HTS, HTS/C, HTS/GO, and HTS/GO/C composites for the Pb+2 ions extraction was 82.9; 108.6; 168.9; 148.3 mg/g, respectively; and for MB molecules – 1481.8; 1601.1; 1920.3; 2283 mg/g, respectively. It was found that during adsorption of MB molecules, the carbonization effects significantly on the contact time. Carbonized samples show high sorption activity. The equilibrium contact time fort them was 15 min, while for non-carbonized samples it was 60 min. The equilibrium time during the Pb+2 ions adsorption was 60 min for all samples. The adsorption kinetics was described using the following models: pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, the Elovich model, and intraparticle diffusion. It was found that the adsorption process is limited by the chemical exchange reaction and proceeds in a mixed-diffusion mode.
Posterior cerebral artery stroke with visual manifestation during COVID pandemic
Authors: Yasir Ziaul Haq , Sharma Rakesh , Khandekar Rajiv , Kesarwani Divya
Published: September 2023

The posterior cerebral artery (PCA) stroke represents 5% to 10% of total strokes. The number of stroke cases has increased during the Global pandemic of Covid 19. It can be challenging to diagnose PCA stroke presenting as a visual manifestation, as symptoms are nonspecific and variable over due course of time. This is more complex in patients who are not aware of their symptoms, and therefore difficult to establish a timeline of events. Mostly PCA stroke with only visual symptoms visits an ophthalmologist rather than an emergency attendee. Knowledge of the neurovascular anatomy of the brain is required to understand PCA stroke and identify the stroke’s mechanism to select appropriate therapies. In this article, we provide an overview of PCA stroke and focused on visual manifestations, diagnosis, and management of PCA stroke.
Comparative analysis of severity of dry eye disease among smokers in tertiary care hospital of rural area of Panipat
Authors: Gupta Kanav , Garg Kritika , Gupta B K , Vashistha Vimal
Published: September 2023

This study aims to evaluate the correlation between smoking dependence and severity of dry eye.

This was a cross-sectional study conducted for a period of 3 months November 2022 to January 2023. 150 smokers were included in the study and their nicotine dependence was assessed using Fagerstrom scale. Patients were classified into mild and significant dependence groups. The severity of dry eye among subjects were assessed using ocular surface disease index (OSDI), tear film breakup time (TBUT) and Schirmer’s test. Also, analysis was done using STATA and SPSS software.

Out of 150 smokers 44 showed low dependence and 106 showed significant dependence. In patients with low dependence average OSDI was 18.8, TBUT was 4.70 and Schirmer’s was 10.22. Patients with severe dependence had an average OSDI 29.12, TBUT 3.43 and Schirmer’s value of 7.30. There was a direct correlation between degree of smoking and severity of dry eye disease (r= 0.72, p=0.03).

The degree of dependence correlates directly to the severity of dry eye among smokers.
Contrast enhanced MRI in acute optic neuritis- length of enhancement a visual prognosis indicator?
Authors: Goel Ankita , Tirkey Eva Rani , Lakhtakia Sujata
Published: September 2023

To study the baseline length of optic nerve enhancement on contrast enhanced MRI in patients with acute optic neuritis and its correlation to visual acuity, color vision, visual field and contrast sensitivity.

The prospective cohort study was conducted on 30 patients attending Ophthalmology clinics with complaint of sudden painful loss of vision and clinical examination findings suggestive of acute optic neuritis. All patients underwent contrast enhanced MRI (1.5 Tesla) at presentation and then treated with intravenous and oral steroids with monthly follow up for 3 months. Visual acuity using Snellen’s chart (in LogMAR), Color vision using Ishihara chart and contrast sensitivity by means of Pellie Robson chart were evaluated. The visual field was analyzed by Humphrey’s Field Analyser, using a full threshold 30-2 programme.

On contrast-enhanced MRI, all affected optic nerves showed enhancement. The length of portions enhanced for each affected optic nerve was measured. The optic nerves were divided into two categories of length ≤ 17mm and >17mm. At baseline, visual acuity worsened with an increasing length of optic nerve enhancement, color vision and visual field was better in subjects with enhancement <17mm while they do not correlate with the final visual outcome. On the contrary, Contrast sensitivity was found to be improved in subjects with <17mmm of enhancement on the last follow up.

Contrast- enhanced MRI plays a critical role as an adjunct to diagnosing acute optic neuritis especially in patients with retrobulbar neuritis. Initial length of enhancement does not correlate with the final visual outcome.
Influence of maternal factors on retinopathy of prematurity: A cross-sectional Study from a tertiary care centre
Authors: Kubrey Sooraj Singh , Maravi Pooja , Kushwaha Nitin , Sharma Pankaj , Dubey Aditi , Kumar Kavita
Published: September 2023

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a serious condition affecting premature infants and identifying maternal risk factors is essential for its prevention. This study aimed to identify maternal risk factors associated with ROP in preterm newborns at a tertiary care center.

This cross-sectional study was conducted between August 2021 and September 2022 at a tertiary care center. All preterm and low birth weight neonates attending the ROP clinic or admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were included, while term neonates and those weighing ≥2.5 kgs with anterior segment/posterior segment pathology other than ROP were excluded. Data on maternal and neonatal characteristics were obtained and inferential analysis was conducted using the chi-square test and Student’s t-test.

Out of 410 preterm newborns included, 109 were diagnosed with ROP, indicating an institutional incidence of 26.58%. Advanced maternal age, low socio-economic status, urinary tract infection, chorioamnionitis, multiple pregnancy, pre-eclampsia, maternal anemia, history of asthma and steroid use during pregnancy were significantly associated with ROP.

This study highlights the importance of addressing modifiable maternal risk factors to reduce the incidence of ROP in premature infants. Screening for ROP should be prioritized for neonates born to mothers with these risk factors to improve visual outcomes.
Effects of general anesthesia on ocular Refraction: An observational study
Authors: Hazarika Plabon , Das Prabir Pranjal , Mahanta Bandana , Gogoi Deepankar
Published: September 2023

Refractive error is an ocular condition whereby light rays do not focus onto the macula for visual processing when they enter the eye. The most prevalent type, myopia, often known as short sightedness, is brought on when light rays entering the eye are focused anterior to the macula, blurring distance vision. Though rare, there are few situations that can call for the introduction of performing objective ocular refraction under GA. Refractive testing under general anesthesia (GA) is more safely suited for patients with conditions like subjective difficulty with charts, poor testing cooperation, nonorganic visual impairment refractions, physically or developmentally disabled patients, and those with co-existing ophthalmic pathology.

A 2-week prospective observational study was conducted in our hospital to look at the anesthetic methods used for ocular surgery at two sizable ophthalmic units. The anesthetist filled out a questionnaire for each case. The types of anesthetics used, the choice of ventilation or spontaneous respiration, the anesthetic agents used, the use and type of muscle relaxants, the presence of any significant ocular deviation, and any corrective actions taken, such as deepening anesthesia or giving a muscle relaxant, were among the information gathered.

90 procedures in all were surveyed within the 2-week period. 52.2% (47) of them anesthesia was provided by consultant anesthetist, 25.6% (23) provided by Anesthesia Post Graduate Trainee(PGT) and 22.2% (20) provided by specialist registrar anesthesia. 74% (23) of the patients with NDMR out of the total 59% (31) ventilated patients had NDMR. 42% (22) of the patients had surgery done while they were spontaneously breathing, and 14% (3) of them had muscle relaxants to help with intubation. Total intravenous anesthesia was administered to one patient. In the poll, 29% (15) of the patients chose atracurium as their preferred NDMR, whereas 21% (11) chose vecuronium. In total, 50% of the patients in the survey had no planned NDMR. In 8% (4) of patients, there was a significant ocular deviation. One of these four patients had total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA), while the other three were ventilated. None of them had taken NDMRs, or non-depolarizing muscle relaxants. In one case, the anaesthesia was deepened, and in two other cases, NDMR was administered as a remedy for the deviation. The prevalence of this condition was 18% in patients not receiving NDMR.

The objective refraction values showed that myopia manifested as a result of general anesthesia. Under the same circumstances, corneal refractive values flatten, indicating that the primary cause of myopia was ciliary muscle contraction. We hypothesize that this alteration resulted from ciliary muscle contraction and parasympathetic dominance during general anesthesia.
Oral lipoma: A case report with comprehensive ultrasonographic features and treatment plan
Authors: Ramdurg Praveenkumar , Amaran E.G.Yog Naag , Ramesh Saahil , Puranik Surekha R
Published: September 2023

Lipomas are uncommon oral tumours that make up between 1 and 4 percent of benign oral tumours. It often presents as an asymptomatic, soft, smooth-surfaced, nodular, yellowish mass, and most commonly affects the buccal mucosa, tongue, and floor of the mouth. Although there is a lot of conflicting information in the literature on the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound in detecting lipomas, it has been used as a diagnostic tool for soft-tissue lesions for more than ten years. Understanding the various sites of oral lipomas inside the oral mucosa is crucial for accurate diagnosis and successful therapy. The case report of a 49-year-old man with an oral lipoma that developed in the mandibular buccal vestibule, a rare position, is presented in this article along with ultrasonographic results and a thorough literature analysis. The paper offers insightful analysis for those working in the field of oral healthcare by looking at the clinical presentation, histological traits, and probable differential diagnoses.
Towards a Computational Ontology for the Philosophy of Wittgenstein: Representing Aspects of the Tractarian Philosophy of Mathematics
Authors: Gomułka Jakub
Published: September 2023

The present paper concerns the Wittgenstein ontology project: an attempt to create a Semantic Web representation of Ludwig Wittgenstein’s philosophy. The project has been in development since 2006, and its current state enables users to search for information about Wittgenstein-related documents and the documents themselves. However, the developers have much more ambitious goals: they attempt to provide a philosophical subject matter knowledge base that would comprise the claims and concepts formulated by the philosopher. The current knowledge representation technology is not well-suited for this task, and a non-standard approach is required. The creators of the Wittgenstein ontology project are aware of this fact; recently, they have been discussing conceptual devices adjusting the technology to their needs.
The main goal of this paper is to present examples of a representation of philosophical content that make use of both the devices already proposed and some new inventions. The represented content comes from the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus; more specifically, its theses concerning the problems in philosophy of mathematics.
Grammar of Infinity. Ludwig Wittgenstein's Critique of Set Theory
Authors: Dehnel Piotr
Published: September 2023

Artykuł omawia Wittgensteina krytykę teorii mnogości. Przedstawiam jego zarzuty skierowane wobec teorii Dedekinda i Cantora związane przede wszystkim z definicją zbioru nieskończonego jako nieskończonej ekstensji oraz z dowodem przekątniowym Cantora. Omawiam także jedną z głównych tez Wittgensteina, że pojęcia teorii mnogości odnoszące się do nieskończoności i wyrażone symbolami אₒ i c, nie mają żadnych zastosowań poza matematyką w realnym świecie. Tworzą dyskurs, który wiedzie nas poza horyzont codzienności i wspólnoty, są jakby "jałowym biegiem" języka matematyki.
Inconsistencies in Himma's Intellectual Property Theory
Authors: Gamrot Wojciech
Published: September 2023

The intellectual property theory of Kenneth E. Himma aims to vindicate natural rights to the "intellectual content of creations", which is believed to consist of abstract objects. Himma proposes a reformulation of John Locke's well-known argument in terms of value. He maintains that even if abstract objects preexist their alleged creation, then they are not yet ready for consumption until the access to them is provided by the labor of innovators and artists. He declares that making them available is an act of value creation that justifies granting intellectual property rights. In this paper several assumptions on which Himma's theory relies are identified and challenged. Against his claims, it is argued that no human labor can improve the availability of abstract objects. It is then demonstrated that "intellectual commons" cannot be "stocked" by human activities and that the alleged value creation cannot happen, because the concept of value is inapplicable to abstract objects. This derails Himma's IP justification. Finally the meaning of rights envisaged by Himma is investigated. It is shown that they cannot be exercised with respect to causally inert entities.
Do highways without shoulders and proper mowing have more roadkill cases?
Authors: Machado Felipe Santana , Jerônimo Fernanda , Oliveira Ludmila , Batista Mayra , Flauzino Wellington , Moura Aloysio
Published: September 2023

Highways eliminate the diversity of animals due to roadkill, altering ecological patterns. The expansion of the road networklags behind the advancements in the field. The situation is worse for country lane, which are neglected by public managerssince they do not have shoulder not proper mowing. The influence of the lack of road shoulders and the periodic mowing onwildlife roadkill remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate if the lack of road shoulders and periodic mowinginfluences the number of roadkill. Then, the diversity of road-killed vertebrates in road LMG-878 was described, as well astheir seasonality. The roadkill of highway MG-265 were compared with road shoulder and periodic mowing, and LMG-878,which has no road shoulder and no periodic mowing. T-tests with total values were used, as well as the data relativized bythe sampling effort to verify this difference. The LMG-878 was analyzed with species accumulation curves, an estimatorof richness to verify the potential for roadkill and seasonality. The comparison with other reports of roadkill was performedusing the indices described in the literature. Thus, the highways without shoulders and without periodic mowing have higheroccurrences of roadkill. The LMG-878 had 83 cases of roadkill, which included 25 cases for amphibians, 28 for birds, 25for mammals, and five for reptiles. The diversity of wildlife killed on roads may be even greater than what was found sincethe estimates of roadkill did not reach stability. The implementation of speed reducers or fauna passages to the places withthe highest rates of roadkill is recommended.
Mešana metoda robnih in končnih elementov za reševanje hitrostno vrtinčne formulacije Navier-Stokesovih enačb
Authors: Žunič Zoran
Published: September 2023

V prispevku je predstavljena numerična metoda za reševanje nestisljivega toka viskozne newtonske tekočine z uporabo hitrostnovrtinčne formulacije ohranitvenih enačb. Izpeljali smo robno integralsko enačbo kinematike v tangentni obliki, s čemer je bil dosežen natančnejši izračun robnih vrednosti vrtinčnosti. Po metodi končnih elementov smo izpeljali še integralsko enačbo kinematike, s katero smo izračunali neznane območne hitrosti in pa enačbo kinetike, s katero smo izračunali neznane območne vrtinčnosti. Vse dobljene sisteme diskretnih enačb smo povezali v računski algoritem, ki z metodo Picardove iteracije nesklopljeno reši vezan sistem nelinearnih enačb. Da bi pokazali robustnost in uporabnost predstavljene metode in istočasno izločili možnost napak v programu, smo uporabili primer gnanega toka v prostorski kotanji.
Značilnosti poselitve Hrvatov v Sloveniji ob hrvaški meji od Pomurja do Slovenske Istre v luči manjšinske zaščite
Authors: Josipovič Damir
Published: September 2023

Članek predstavlja analitski prikaz številčnega razvoja hrvaškega prebivalstva v Sloveniji in v specifičnih območjih večje številčne zastopanosti v slovensko-hrvaškem obmejnem pasu ob hrvaški meji med Pomurjem in Slovensko Istro. Avtor analizira območja poselitve Hrvatov na podlagi podatkov popisa prebivalstva in glede na zgodovinsko ter tradicionalno prisotnost od časa modernih popisov prebivalstva predlaga opredelitev območja manjšinske zaščite. Glede na najdolgotrajnejšo in številčno prisotnost zlasti v obmejnem pasu ob hrvaški meji avtor predlaga vključitev teh predelov v območja posebne kulturološke vrednosti kot specifične kulturne pokrajine zaznamovane s kompleksnimi demografskimi in historičnimi procesi. Avtor primerja tudi ureditev drugih dveh prostorsko zaščitenih manjšin (madžarske in italijanske) preko koncepta narodno mešanega območja (NMO). Ugotavlja, da zaradi migracijskih procesov in razvojnih dejavnikov nastajajo velike razlike med NMO, zaradi česar taka rešitev dolgoročno ni najbolj ustrezna. Čeprav bi bila mogoča aplikacija koncepta NMO na primeru Hrvatov v Sloveniji, se avtor nagiba k splošnejši rešitvi zaščite v obliki regionalno zaščitene kulturne pokrajine specifičnega historičnega (mejnega) in etnično-demografskega razvoja.
Smer raziskav pri sistemskem zdravljenju raka
Authors: Grašič Kuhar Cvetka
Published: September 2023

Imunoterapija raka je najnovejša obetajoča terapija pri tistih vrstah raka, ki so tipično rezistentne na zdravljenje s kemoterapijo. Telo sprva rakave celice prepozna kot tuje in se jih uspešno obrani, vendar se sčasoma rakaste celice spretno izmaknejo delovanju imunskega sistema. Cilj imunoterapije je ponovno vzpostaviti protitumorsko delovanje imunskega sistema. Z imunoterapijo lahko pri manjšem deležu bolnikov z rakom pljuč, ledvic in malignem melanomu dosežemo dolgotrajne zazdravitve sicer napredovale bolezni.
Jezikovne tehnologije, tihi spremljevalec IKT
Authors: Sepesy Maučec Mirjam
Published: September 2023

Jezikovne tehnologije imenujemo skupino tehnologij, ki so namenjene samodejnemu procesiranju naravnega jezika. V računalništvu obstaja veja, imenuje se računalniško jezikoslovje, ki se navezuje na jezikoslovje. Njen cilj je modelirati naravni jezik za širok spekter računalniških aplikacij. Jezik se rabi v dveh oblikah, govorjeni in pisni. Jezikovne tehnologije modelirajo, procesirajo ali generirajo jezik v obeh načinih. Modeliranje naravnega jezika je za računalnik težka naloga, saj ima ta lastnosti, ki jih človek zlahka razpozna, stroj pa mnogo težje (večpomenskost, parafraze, nedoločenost ipd.). V prispevku bomo pregledali temeljne jezikovne tehnologije, med katere se uvrščajo: razpoznavanje in sinteza govora; kategorizacija, povzemanje in indeksiranje besedil; govorni dialog z računalnikom; odgovarjanje na vprašanja v naravnem jeziku; tehnologije prevajanja ipd. Danes se srečujemo z zmeraj večjim naraščanjem količine informacij. Da so le-te za človeka še vedno obvladljive, je uporaba jezikovnih tehnologij nujno potrebna. V zaključnem delu bomo predstavili primer uporabe jezikovnih tehnologij v vsakdanjem življenju starejše osebe.
Pomurje 25 let po osamosvojitvi Slovenije
Authors: Kučan Milan
Published: September 2023

Pred 25 leti smo združili moči v skupne napore za varno prihodnost vseh državljanov, to nam je uspelo pri velikih zgodovinskih odločitvah. Tudi v času današnjih zahtevnih preizkušenj bi morali spoznati, da moramo aktivno živeti drug z drugim, nikakor pa drug proti drugemu. Odgovorno in zrelo moramo sprejemati svojo preteklost, dovolimo pa si lahko različne poglede nanjo. Razmere, v katerih se je rojevala naša država so se od takrat do danes bistveno spremenile.
Je pomembna četrta tehnološka revolucija? Ali smo pripravljeni na njo?
Authors: Margan Florian
Published: September 2023

Dejstvo je, da že danes ukinjamo delovna mesta, ne samo v proizvodnji z nekvalificirano in kvalificirano delovno silo, temveč se začenja tudi radikalno zmanjševanje in zanikanje delovnih mest v vseh oblasteh dela zaradi umetne inteligence, avtomatizacije, robotike, ipd., tako v konstrukcijski panogi, designu in še kje, ki več ne bodo nadomeščana. S tem se proizvodnja ne bo selila drugam, kjer bi bila delovna sila cenejša, kot je bilo to do danes, ampak se bodo ukinjala, oziroma racionalizirala s prihodom četrte tehnološke revolucije. Nisem prepričan, da smo na to dovolj pripravljeni. Vlada se premalo zaveda teh sprememb, čeprav bi lahko že danes razmišljala, kje bo njena vloga v tem procesu in kaj bodo ljudje pričakovali v bodočnosti od nje.
Anton Vratuša 1915 – 2017
Authors: Bajd Tadej
Published: September 2023

Človek le redko spozna vse oblike sreče, Anton Vratuša je sigurno poznal vse oblike sreče. Izjemno deloven človek , kot je on, zapusti za seboj veliko materiala, zato tudi težko napišem kaj novega in izvirnega, saj je že precej napisanega o njem. Dotaknilo se me je, kako je vedno govoril o Prekmurju, še posebej o Goričkem. Čeprav mi je omenil, da ga še čaka veliko nalog, se teh ne bo mogel več lotiti. Me pa tolaži dejstvo, da bo z mano v mislih vedno, ko bom slišal glasbeno delo Marš na Drino, v izvedbi dunajskih filharmonikov in pod taktirko slovitega Herberta von Karajana, saj je ravno to glasbeno delo, še posebej bilo ljubo akademiku Antonu Vratuši.
Nieprzerywalność urlopu wypoczynkowego a możliwość odwołania z urlopu przez pracodawcę
Authors: Łuczyński Patryk
Published: September 2023

Artykuł dotyczy kwestii nieprzerywalności urlopu wypoczynkowego jako jednej z jego cech konstrukcyjnych, a także ustawowego wyjątku od tej zasady, jaką jest możliwość odwołania pracownika z urlopu przez pracodawcę. Skupiono się w nim na przedstawieniu teoretycznych i praktycznych problemów, związanych z możliwością odwołania pracownika z urlopu przez pracodawcę, w tym dokonano oceny poglądów doktryny i orzecznictwa w tej materii.
THEORETICAL STUDIES OF DRILLING FROZEN SOILS WITH A SCREW DRILL
Authors: Martyuchenko Igor G. , Zenin Maxim I. , Kolesnikov Alexey Yu. , Boikov Evgeny V.
Published: September 2023

Link for citation: Martyuchenko I.G., Zenin M.I., Kolesnikov A.Yu., Boikov E.V. Theoretical studies of drilling frozen soils with a screw drill. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2023, vol. 334, no. 9, рр. 194-202. In Rus.
The relevance of the study is caused by the need to create a new drilling tool to drill frozen soil in difficult conditions. This line of research is important and relevant for ensuring the formation of wells on frozen sands, since the screw drilling tool performs the deformation of frozen soil separation, which makes it possible to drill hard-to-drill soils, namely frozen sands. The main aim: to study the interaction of the destructive part of the helical drill with frozen soil and determine the rational values of the geometric parameters of the helical blade when achieving the lowest value of the force of soil separation and the highest value of the productivity of drilling. Objects: interaction of the destructive part of the helical blade of a helical drill with frozen soil. Methods: plotting dependencies of factors showing the energy intensity of drilling, on the angle of rotation of the radius of the helical blade, at which it increments, and on the pitch of the helical blade in the second section of the destructive part of the helical drill; analysis of the obtained results of theoretical studies of the force of soil separation and the efficiency of drilling from the geometric parameters of the helical blade of a drilling tool on frozen soils. Results. The authors have studied the influence of the geometrical parameters of the helical drill on well formation, obtained the dependences of the efforts and constructed the graphs for soil separation, as well as the dependence of the productivity of drilling on the angle of rotation of the radius of the helical blade, at which it increments, and on the pitch of the helical blade in the second section of the destructive part of the helical drill. Based on the results of theoretical studies, an analysis of the obtained dependencies was carried out and the area of rational values of the geometric parameters of the helical blade of a helical drill on frozen soils was found.
MINERALOGICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL FEATURES AND PROSPECTS FOR COMPLEX MINERALIZATION OF THE YAKHTON DEPOSIT (MOUNTAINS CHAKYL-KALYAN, UZBEKISTAN)
Authors: Sayitov Sardor S. , Tsoi Vladimir D.
Published: September 2023

Link for citation: Sayitov S.S., Tsoi V.D. Mineralogical and geochemical features and prospects for complex mineralization of the Yakhton deposit (mountains Chakyl-Kalyan, Uzbekistan). Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2023, vol. 334, no. 9, рр. 76-90. In Rus.
The relevance. The results of mineralogical and geochemical studies increase the efficiency of exploration work, since reliable knowledge about the distribution of useful components and their finding forms in various types of ores, character of distribution, their intergrowth, sequence of hypogene mineral formation are necessary for predicting the ore potential of objects and determining the directions of geological exploration. In addition, the data of mineralogical and geochemical studies are used in the development of a rational scheme for the enrichment of ores and ensure the complex processing and use of mineral resources. The main aim of the research is to study the material composition and mineralogical and geochemical features of ores and ore-bearing rocks. Object of the research is Yakhton deposit, located in the Chakyl-Kalyan mountains of Uzbekistan, which is known as a skarn tungsten object with associated gold. The results of recent exploration work have shown high prospects of the object for gold mineralization. Industrial grades of gold with a complex of associated components were established in the zones of metasomatic alteration of granitoids. Methods. Chemical composition of ores was studied by silicate, spectral semi-quantitative, ICP-mass spectrometric, atomic absorption, chemical research methods. Mineral composition of ores was established by complex analyzes: optical microscopy in transmitted and reflected light, mineralogical analysis of heavy fractions, X-ray spectral local analysis under a microprobe. Results. Ore and ore-bearing rocks of Yakhton deposit are aluminosilicate (granitoid) and carbonate (skarns, limestones) composition. The ores of the Yakhton deposit are complex. The content of gold in the composition of ores is up to 4,45 g/t, tungsten oxide is up to 0,33 %. In the sequence of increasing concentration clarks in the composition of ores, the following series of elements with clarke concentrations of 40–16500 times was established: Sb<W<Re<Au<Cu<As<Ag<Se<Mo<Te<Bi. The mineral form of gold is native gold, electrum. The pyrite-arsenopyrite paragenetic mineral association is the main productive one for gold mineralization. The manifestation of the gold-silver stage and the telescoping of several paragenetic mineral association are due to the formation of complex ores.
USE UNDERGROUND MINES FOR DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE OF THE 3RD AND 4TH CLASSES
Authors: Gorin Nikolay V. , Kuchinov Vladimir P. , Usanov Sergey V. , Vasiliev Albert P.
Published: September 2023

Link for citation: Gorin N.V., Kuchinov V.P., Usanov S.V., Vasiliev A.P. Use of underground mines for disposal of radioactive waste of the 3rd and 4th classes. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2023, vol. 334, no. 9, рр. 128-136. In Rus.
Relevance. Searching for the sites for radioactive waste disposal was carried out during the Soviet times and slowed down after the breakup of the USSR. It is proposed to return to the achieved results in this area and to get back to work on radioactive waste disposal site selection, since the disposal facilities for radioactive waste of the 3rd and 4th classes under construction will not be able to cope with the predicted amount of radioactive waste. Purpose: to offer as one of possible solutions, to use the free space of exhausted mines for the disposal of radioactive waste of the 3rd and 4th classes, including exhausted mines at the existing mining enterprises, and to consider the conditions of their use; to pay special attention to promoting public awareness, since public opinion may prevail over all other arguments. Subjects: exhausted and operating mines, accumulated amount of radioactive waste in the world and in Russia, selection of reliable sources of information, domestic experience of nuclear waste disposal in exhausted mines. Methods. The paper considers the possibilities of nuclear waste disposal from the viewpoint of current regulations and mine operation experience. Results. It is shown that waste handling necessitates public consultations and informing the population. Reliable sources of information on the amount of radioactive waste of different classes generated in the Russian Federation, as well as on their distribution by region and major enterprises are provided. It is noted that the amount of radioactive waste is two orders of magnitude less than that of municipal solid waste, but radioactive waste attracts more public attention in the media, and this should be taken into account when handling it, and organizing its storage and disposal.