bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In vitro and in vivo Evaluation of Chemically Synthesized, Receptor-Biased Interleukin-4 and Photocaged Variants
Authors: Ninomiya Mamiko , Egholm Cecilie , Breu Daniel , Boyman Onur , Bode Jeffrey
Published: March 2024

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a cytokine that plays a central role in type 2 immune responses and is involved in regulating pleiotropic actions in our body by engaging multiple different IL-4 receptor (IL-4R) complexes. Targeting the IL-4R system has a high potential for therapeutic intervention for allergic and autoimmune diseases. A challenge in developing this pleiotropic cytokine for clinical application is the construction of variants tailored for engagement with specific receptor IL-4R subunits, which are necessary for selective activation of specific signaling pathways to treat disease with minimum side effects. To establish a platform for preparation of tailored IL-4 variants, we developed a modular and flexible chemical synthesis of IL-4 and applied this approach to the preparation of (i) IL-4 variants that act as receptor antagonist due to presence of unnatural residues that block specific interactions, and (ii) photocaged and in vivo half-life extended IL-4 variants that can be conditionally activated using UV light, achieved by the incorporation of a photocaged Gln116 residue. We were able to show that these different cytokine variants elicit differential STAT5 or STAT6 phosphorylation in lymphocytes or neutrophils in vitro with just one amino acid substitution. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the photocaged IL-4 can be activated by UV light and effectively suppresses neutrophils in an inflammation model in vivo. Collectively, this work demonstrated the flexibility and applicability of chemical protein synthesis by allowing us to broaden the scope of protein variants that can be accessed for the preparation and evaluation of therapeutically valuable proteins.
Biodegradable Temperature Sensor enabled using Printed Electronics
Authors: Bartnik Julia Paulina , Nehru Devabharathi , Motadayen Mahboubeh , AGARWALA SHWETA
Published: March 2024

Printed electronics are considered the future of manufacturing electronic devices due to their cost-effectiveness, speed, and customizability compared to traditional methods using silicon. As medical electronics usage increases, there's a growing concern about safely disposing of electronic waste without harming the environment, especially since many of these devices are single-use. Researchers are focusing on developing conductive materials that are non-toxic and biodegradable. In this study we demonstrate the effectiveness of a fully-biodegradable temperature sensor patch. The patch was made using a biodegradable, water-soluble substrate consisting of 3% PVA films. Ink deposition is achieved using the inkjet method. The resulting sensor is flexible, bendable, and suitable for use as an e-skin patch. Here, two different conductive materials such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and silver have been used as an active layer. The resultant sensor performance and their corresponding biodegradability studies have been studied and compared thoroughly. The fully-biodegradable PEDOT:PSS sensor exhibited good linearity in resistance measurements between 30-110 °C, with a temperature coefficient of resistance
Goal-Oriented Metropolis Ecosystem Development
Authors: Pańkowska Małgorzata
Published: March 2024

Enterprise architecture (EA) modelling is understood as a system of architecture defined in ISO42010 and EA is intended to ensure a holistic view of business organization. This study analyses the goal-oriented approach to EA development. Justification of selection of this topic results from studies on EA modelling methods. Enterprise architects mainly focus on process modelling as well as on the application of UML language. There is still an open question of what the goals of EA modelling are. This paper presents an application  of ArchiMate language and i* notation for goal-oriented EA modelling. The paper methodology covers a literature survey as well as a case study presenting ArchiMate and i* models for goal-oriented EA development by example of metropolis system architecture modelling. In this paper, a metropolis is defined as a consortium of cooperative communities and it is considered as a business organization for which the system architecture is modelled. The paper aims to develop the metropolis architecture model consisting of system components, i.e. business issues, data, software and hardware. The metropolis architecture models are provided to support development of a metropolis strategy. The main findings include the identification of business goals and EA goals, goal mapping, and specification of the key performance indicators (KPIs) to control the achievement of the goals.
Enactment of federal codes: practice and problems of legislative support
Authors:   Baikal State University, Petrov A. A.
Published: March 2024

The practice of legislative activity on issues of ensuring the implementation of codes – system-forming federal legislative acts – is studied. Two models of legal support for the implementation of codes are identified: one of them presumes adoption of a separate federal law regulating these issues, while within the framework of the other, relevant regulations are included in the final and transitional provisions of the codes themselves. Analysis of the regulating practice of typical issues arising in connection with the adoption of codes is provided (including streamlining of the legal basis of relations in the relevant legal area, transformation of the legal statuses of subjects and objects of relations within the matter of the adopted code, etc.). It has been established that inclusion of provisions which, in terms of the subject of regulation, should relate directly to these codes, into introductory laws represents the most widespread and typical defect of legislative regulation ensuring the implementation of codes. It is proposed – in light of the discussed drafts of new codifications in Russian legislation – to adhere to a model within which federal laws on the implementation of codes are adopted. It is concluded that such laws should be strictly transitional in nature, while permanent regulations should either be integral part of the codes themselves, or be established by separate federal laws.
Functional characteristics of limitations in modern public and private law: comparative aspect
Authors:   V. Ya. Kikot’ Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Amelchakova A. V.
Published: March 2024

The article examines the functional characteristics of legal restrictions in modern public and private law. The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that in the scientific literature the question of the functional characteristics of legal restrictions is posed extremely broadly, the scope of their application is defined by the framework of the mechanism of action of law. Raising the question about the functional characteristics of legal restrictions in modern public and private law involves finding out how their realization and implementation affect the achievement of goals. It claims that the functional characteristics of restrictions in modern public and private law have both similarities and differences. As the author notes, legal restrictions in the mechanism of public and private law can perform a fairly diverse range of functions. It is argued that in public and private law restrictions perform a number of general (universal) functions. It has been revealed that the presence of general functions of legal restrictions in public and private law is due to the fact that restrictions are universal means of legal regulation aimed at ensuring interests recognized by law. It is justified that due to the features inherent in public and private law, restrictions in them also have specific functions. Analyzing the latter, the author comes to the conclusion that in modern public law restrictions have auxiliary functions, but in private law restrictions do not have such functions. The article examines the features of the manifestation of the functions of legal restrictions identified by the author within the framework of the mechanism of action of modern public and private law.
On the question of the subject of social security law
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Komkov S. A.
Published: March 2024

It is noted that Russia, being a social state, guarantees a decent standard of living for a person and the free development of the individual. It is indicated that social security is divided into state and non-state social security systems. It is noted that traditionally the subject of social security law includes only social relations arising in the state social security system. An example is given when none of the parties to the social security relationship is a public agent - a government body, a local government body, a state or municipal institution, etc. Cases are highlighted when the subject of social security law includes social relations that are fully remunerative for the authorized person. It is indicated that one of the defining principles of social security law should be ensuring a decent standard of living for citizens. The ways in which the Russian state is trying to resolve the crisis of the social security system are analyzed. The need is established to include the non-state social security system in the system of social security law. There is a close relationship between social security law and such private-public branch of law as labor law. It is indicated that in economically developed countries, social support measures have long been of a mixed public-private nature. The difficulties of using foreign experience in the legal regulation of social security relations are noted. The reasons why the Russian state periodically carries out pension reforms are indicated. The conclusion is substantiated that in order to level out crisis phenomena in the social security system, a comprehensive solution to the socio-economic problems of the domestic state and society is necessary, including private legal regulation of social relations that constitute the subject of social security law.
Interaction of election commissions with other public authorities: legislative innovations
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Kotelnikov A. D.
Published: March 2024

A number of changes made to Russian electoral legislation since 2020 have been studied, significantly changing the procedure for interaction of election commissions with other public authorities both during election campaigns and in the inter-election period. It has been established that the corresponding connections are of a complex nature and are manifested in various forms, the number of which increases as new electoral and legal reforms are implemented. It is noted that trends in the legal regulation of this area of relations are contradictory. Attention is focused on strengthening and complicating the connections of election commissions with executive bodies of state power while simultaneously removing local governments from participation in the electoral process as independent eligible subjects while maintaining their organizational and technical responsibilities. It has been established that the system of election commissions is becoming more isolated and increasingly acquiring the features of a hierarchical structure, in which the leading role belongs to the Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation. A significant increase in recent years has been revealed in the volume of rule-making powers of the Russian Central Election Commission in the field of by-law regulation of relations in the preparation and conduct of elections, as well as the expansion of atypical functions of election commissions, especially manifested in conditions of emergency legal regimes. It is concluded that in the considered legislative innovations there is a single purposeful logic of the federal legislator, the implementation of which will most likely continue in the coming years. It is recommended to ensure that a balance is maintained in the relations of public authorities when carrying out further reforms of the electoral legislation.
Antibacterial activity of natural-based toothpaste incorporated with nanohydroxyapatite from fish bone against dental caries bacteria
Authors: Hasan M.R. , Ghazali M.S.M. , Mohtar N.F.
Published: March 2024

Toothpaste formulation development has become important due to dental health problems.
There has been a large array of improvements in the formulation including fluoride and
microbeads (MBs) incorporation. However, the typical problems of the current toothpaste
formulation are caused due to the fluoride and MBs toxicity issues on consumer health
and aquatic animals. There is an urgent need to rectify this problem through the
development of environmentally friendly hydroxyapatite (HAp) toothpaste using different
natural components. This study was set out to determine the optimum gelling agent in
toothpaste formulation and to investigate the effect of different combinations of the
components in HAp-based toothpaste against Streptococcus mutans. The antibacterial
activity of the developed toothpaste formulation was investigated using a well-diffusion
method and the optimum concentration of the gelling agent (Arabic gum) was determined
using a rheometer. One of the most significant findings in the study was the optimum
concentration of the gelling agent was found at 55% and a combination of formulation
with clove oil (CO) demonstrated the largest size of inhibition against S. mutans (CO = 24
mm, CO with formulation = 11 mm) compared to the other tested components. Findings
from this study have suggested that the combination of formulation in HAp-based
toothpaste with CO demonstrated the best bacterial inhibitory effect and the optimum
gelling agent was at 55%. The overall finding is particularly important in the formulation
development of HAp-based toothpaste, thus contributing to an increased supply of HAp in
meeting its demand in the Halal market.
Quality and safety assessment of dried white goby (Glossogobius giuris, Hamilton) from Naujan Lake, Philippines
Authors: Ortega J.T. , Tolentino P.D.H. , de la Cruz C.P.P.
Published: March 2024

Dried white goby (Glossogobius giuris) is one of the major dried fishery products from
Naujan Lake, Province of Oriental Mindoro, Philippines. Thus, the microbiological and
physicochemical qualities of the dried fish are very important. This study investigated the
quality and food safety of the dried white goby. The demographic profile and drying
practices of the persons involved in fish processing were evaluated. Also, the safety and
quality parameters such as organoleptic, microbiological, and physicochemical
characteristics were investigated. Survey results showed that women are mainly involved
in fish drying. The coastal communities practice the traditional sun-drying method. The
organoleptic test revealed that there are no significant differences in the quality attributes
of the dried fish except for flavor with Socorro receiving the highest acceptance.
Microbiological analyses such as APC, presence of coliform, E. coli, S. aureus, yeasts,
and molds, revealed that all three samples passed the Philippines’ prescribed quality and
safety requirement for commercial dried fish. All drying processes were effective in
lowering the aw values of the samples. Good hygiene and sanitary practices during the
processing and storage of dried white goby produced in varying methods in Naujan Lake
were observed and practiced by the processors.
Evaluation of the Efficacy and Effectiveness of Hysteroscopic Electroresection in the Treatment of Submucosal Uterine Fibroids
Authors: Sun Guangli
Published: March 2024

Objective: To evaluate the effect of hysteroscopic electroresection in treating submucosal uterine fibroids. Methods: Using the random number table method, 70 patients with submucosal uterine fibroids were divided into two groups, 35 cases/group. The control group underwent laparoscopic myomectomy, and the observation group underwent hysteroscopic electroresection. Surgical indicators, sex hormone indicators, inflammation indicators, and treatment effects were compared between the two groups. Results: The surgical indicators, sex hormone indicators, and inflammatory indicators three months after operation in the observation group were all more ideal than those of the control group. The total effective rate of the observation group (97.14%) was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Hysteroscopic electroresection for the treatment of submucosal uterine fibroids was less invasive, accelerates recovery, and is more effective.
Analysis of the Application of the Ladder Teaching Method Combined with Case Teaching in Otolaryngology Nursing Teaching
Authors: Yang Xiaorong , Liu Shasha , Peng Zhiquan , Li Ruiqi
Published: March 2024

Objective: To analyze the feasibility of adopting a combined ladder and case teaching method in otolaryngology nursing teaching. Method: Nursing students in the otolaryngology department were selected. According to the admission time of nursing students, 30 nursing students formed a control group (conventional nursing teaching), and 30 nursing students who were admitted later formed an observation group (ladder and case teaching method). The learning performance and teaching effectiveness of nursing students under different teaching methods were analyzed. Result: The academic performance and teaching effectiveness of the observation group were higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The implementation of the ladder and case teaching method during the teaching of otolaryngology nursing significantly improved the student’s academic performance and teaching effectiveness. This method has great practical value.
Investing in Emerging Markets: An Empirical Comparative Analysis
Authors: Enow Samuel Tabot
Published: March 2024

Purpose: Investing in emerging markets may present a growing list of opportunities against a backdrop of additional risks because the drivers of returns in these markets are increasingly domestic and decreasingly global. Despite the proliferation of research on the risk involved in investing in emerging markets, very little is known on the distribution of their returns and their maximum expected losses. Therefore, the aim of this study was to fill in this gap. Design/Methodology/Approach: A Cramer-von Mises, Watson and Modified value at Risk approach was used on a sample of five emerging and five developed markets from May 11, 2018, to May 11, 2023. Findings: The findings revealed no significant difference in the returns distribution between these two markets but a much higher expected loss in emerging markets than their developed counterparts. Although investing in emerging markets may have growing opportunities. Implications/Originality/Value:  Several strategies can be used to mitigate some of the risks involved. One strategy is to invest in a diversified portfolio of emerging market assets, which can help reduce exposure to individual country and sector risks. Another strategy is to invest in emerging market funds. This study is the first as per the author’s knowledge to provide an empirical comparative analysis between emerging markets and developed markets
Moderating Role of Funding on the Management Control System and Performance of Public Universities
Authors: Bakare Taophic , Nurudden Abdulfatai Olanrewaju , Salman Ramat Titilayo
Published: March 2024

Purpose: The study examines the moderating effect of funding on the management control system and performance of south-western public universities in Nigeria.

Design/Methodology/Approach: Research design for the study is cross- survey; this is the most appropriate research design, being a study on perception objectives in nature. The study was carried out in fourteen (14) public universities in the Southwestern region of Nigeria.

Findings: funding activities does not significantly moderate the relationship between result control and performance of public universities (β = -0.042; t = 0.648; p > 0.259). However, a negative beta of 4.2% indicates every one increment in the present order of finance will lead to a reduction of 4% from the relationship between result control and performance of public universities in south west Nigeria.

Implications/Originality/Value: The study discovered that present funding scheme moderates the relationship between action and cultural control and does not moderate the relationship between personnel and result control. The study therefore recommends that the government should ensure disbursement of sufficient funds to the university to attain the much need performance.
Challenges of Artisanal Fisheries Towards the Transformation of the Emerging Blue Economy in Zanzibar
Authors: Ali Subira Muumin , Bilame Odass , Ngusa Deborah
Published: March 2024

Purpose: This study examined the challenges of artisanal fisheries in Zanzibar. The artisanal fishery is among the key segments of the emerging Zanzibar blue economy. Therefore, it is more than significant to examine the challenges of artisanal fisheries for spearheading the blue economy transformation in the country. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study was conducted in five villages in Zanzibar with a sample of 333. A cross-sectional research design was applied to generate quantitative and qualitative data. The IBM Statistical Software Package for Social Sciences (IBM SPSS) version 25 was used to code and compute descriptive statistics of frequencies and percentages for quantitative while the qualitative data were analysed thematically. Findings: Analysis of the data found that lack of capital, traditional and ineffective fishing facilities, poor market systems, overfishing, decline of marine fish stock, absence of fishers’ rescue facilities and weak enforcement of fisheries laws and regulations were the major artisanal fisheries challenges in the study area. Implications/Originality/Value: The study provided strategic recommendations to the governmental and other fisheries stakeholders to take action on the scenario and drastically enable the artisanal fisheries to become sustainable.
Accountability in Village Government: The Role of the Internal Control System as Moderation
Authors: Hidayati Sesi , Basri Yesi Mutia , Indrawati Novita
Published: March 2024

Objective: The importance of accountability to the Village Government has become the concern of various parties. This study evaluates how village apparatus competence, leadership style, and IT utilization encourage the village governments to be more responsible toward their mandate. It also examines how the internal control system might moderate.

Design/Methodology/Approach: This survey research study examines 178 villages in the Indagiri Hulu Regency, Indonesia. A total of 64 villages were selected as samples using a stratified random sampling technique. SEM with PLS was used to analyze the data of the present study.

Findings: The finding shows that the village apparatus competency, leadership style, and information technology could improve accountability. Internal controls can offset the effects of competency, leadership style, and information technology on village financial accountability.

Implication/Originality/Value: Thus, this study contributes that the village government can improve internal control to increase the village government’s accountability.
Customers Loyalty in Malaysian Retail Bank Sector from the Perspective of Equity Theory and Expectation-Confirmation Model: A PLS-SEM and NCA Approach
Authors: Kin Leong Tang , Chiek Aik Nai , Meng Tan Pei , Eng Tan Kok
Published: March 2024

Purpose: The retail banking market has witnessed substantial changes over the years due to new technological advancements, increased regulations, and the rise of digital channels. Meeting customer expectations stands out as a key challenge for sustainable growth of the industry. This examines the impact of service quality, customer knowledge management, and confirmation on customer satisfaction within the domestic retail banking sector. Furthermore, it seeks to explore the association between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in retail banking.

Design/Methodology/Approach: Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to retail banking customers in the Klang Valley using convenience and purposive sampling techniques. A total of 268 samples were obtained for data analysis with the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) and Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA).

Findings: The study’s results validated the strong connection between service quality, customer knowledge management, and confirmation with customer satisfaction in Malaysian retail banks. Additionally, customer satisfaction has significant impact on customer loyalty. The NCA outcomes further substantiate these findings, highlighting the significant role of customer knowledge management, service quality, and confirmation as significant factors affecting customer satisfaction in Malaysian retail banks.

Implications/Originality/Value: This study offers valuable insights for academia to better understand this area as well as allows sector stakeholders to improve and sharpen their competitive edge in the market.
Availability, Condition and Management of Necessary Resources for Vision Impaired Kids in Public Sector Special Education Organizations of Punjab Pakistan
Authors: Jahanzaib Muhammad , Fatima Ghulam
Published: March 2024

Objective: Without the necessary facilities and service no special education institution can achieve its predetermined targets this study is an effort to explore the availability and condition of necessary facilities and services for children with vision impairment in government special education institutions of Punjab.

Methodology: It was descriptive quantitative research by nature. Survey method was applied to take information about availability and present condition of necessary facilities and services from randomly selected 53 government special education institutions situated in 28 districts in all over the Punjab. The data was collected using a personally formulated, validated likert-type opinioned. Chronbach alpha has been applied to assess the instrument's reliability and the result was 0.81. The one checklist was responded by any accessible official from each institution. Most of the respondents were teachers. Principle author collected data personally. Researchers used descriptive and inferential statistics for the sake of data collection.

Findings: The findings show that some provisions and services, such as free education and a monthly stipend, are adequately provided in public sector organizations for special kids. But, a significant number of essential facilities and services are either absent or in subpar condition in most of the academic organizations working for special kids. Such as the availability of ramps and stairs, easy to use computer lab & library for visually challenged students, and books in Braille when needed, etc.

Implications: According to a study, government special education institutions should promptly provide all essential resources and services. Additionally, it's important to maintain and use effectively the facilities that are available.
Impact of Social Media Marketing on Consumer Purchasing Intention: Mediating Role of Consumer Engagement. Insights from the University Students
Authors: Hakro Jameel Ahmed Khan , Shah Salar Hussain , Ahmed Ghalib , Hussain Raja Sajid
Published: March 2024

Purpose: This study focuses on the topic of social media marketing's impact on consumer purchasing intentions and how it is exacerbated by consumer engagement as a mediating factor.

 Methodology: The study analyzes the data gathered from 150 active respondents of social media marketing platforms in SZABIST Larkana Campus, results were analyzed and generated by using ANOVA and various other analysis tools.

 Findings: Findings demonstrate the efficiency of social media marketing as well as how customer interaction affects decision-making. In the context of the SZABIST Larkana Campus, we investigate the indirect impacts of customer interaction on the link between consumer purchasing intention and social medial marketing.

 Implications/Originality/Value: The study broadens the scope of the existing research on social media marketing. The findings suggest that marketers should react to the rising importance of corporate actions having a significant impact on consumer purchase intentions. Businesses can implement this advice most effectively by continuously monitoring customer concerns while maintaining their digital marketing strategies.
Impact of Teachers’ Partiality on the Learning Process at Undergraduate Level
Authors: Fatima Naeem , Miran Ghulam
Published: March 2024

Background: This study explores ‘how does teachers’ (im)partiality affect the knowledge/learning development process of the undergrad students. The researchers attempted to analyze the effect tone, mood, favoritism, demeanor and gender discrimination with reference to students’ perceptions and comfort levels. The researchers exploited the data gathered through interviews, observation sheets and grounded theory analysis thereby adopting a mixed method approach.

Objectives: The objective of the research is to investigate the effect of the teachers’ (im) partiality on the knowledge/learning experiences and results of the undergrad students, while focusing on the teacher’s mood, tone, favoritism, demeanor, and gender discrimination.

Sample: The researchers collected sample from the faculty teaching in a well-reputed university of Pakistan and the undergrad students of the second semester studying in the same university. The researchers ensured the representation across male and female genders. The sample generates insights of the effect of teachers’ (im)partiality on the learning experiences of the students.

Methods: The researchers used the ‘Adapted Flanders Observation Sheets’ to gather data on mood, tone, gender discrimination, demeanor, and their influence on students’ perceptions and comfort levels. During data analysis, Grounded theory principles were followed for coding and categorization.

Results: The findings reveal that negative attitude and harsh tone impede learning, whereas appreciation and admiration catalyze it. Gender discrimination and favoritism create divisions among students, hampering the learning of those ignored.

Implications: Impartiality in teaching is crucial for a positive and productive learning environment. Teachers should be aware of their tone, mood, demeanor, and biases to ensure equal opportunities. This research contributes insights for educators and policymakers to enhance undergraduate education quality, emphasizing the importance of a supportive classroom environment.
Facebook and the Spiral of Silence: Examining the Social Media Dynamics among Female Students in Pakistan
Authors: Rafique Naila , Iqbal Saima , Malik Amna
Published: March 2024

The aim of this study is to investigate the way in which female Facebook users engage in political discourse, aligning its inquiry with Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann's seminal Spiral of Silence theory (1974). Focusing on key variables like participants' perceived opinion climate, willingness to express opinions, fear of social isolation, the research explores the dynamics within two distinct Facebook audience compositions: the expansive macro climate and the intimate micro-climate. The former encompasses a diverse range of connections, from old friends to online communities, while the latter involves daily interactions with friends, family, and significant others. Survey data (quantitative analysis) has been collected targeting university students in the federal capital and Rawalpindi. This study corroborates earlier findings, affirming the presence of the Spiral of Silence phenomenon on Facebook. Notably, it reveals that Pakistani women who use Facebook are more likely to express themselves in micro groups with friends and relatives compared to macro-Facebook communities with lots of individuals. The study confirmed that fear of isolation has a major impact on opinion expression in macro circles, and that opinion climate evaluation is significant for both circles.
Board Attributes and Firm Performance of Non-Financial Listed Firms in Pakistan: Role of Ownership Structure
Authors: Riaz Ahsan , Hussain Muqadas Muhammad , Raza Hamad , Khan Aiza
Published: March 2024

Purpose: This research intends to explore the impact of board attributes on the performance of non-financial listed firms in Pakistan and how ownership structure plays a moderating role in shaping this link. This research posits that institutional shareholders possess motivations to enhance board governance due to their advanced financial knowledge and managerial expertise.

Methodology: Four attributes of the board (board size, women on board, board independence, and board busyness) were studied to see the impact. The firm performance was measured using Tobin Q. The present study employs 80 non-financial listed firms in its sample, and the multiple regression approach was used to inspect a 12-year panel dataset.

Findings: The results discovered that board size has a positive and significant influence on the performance of companies. However, board independence and women on board have a significant negative effect on firm performance. Moreover, the outcomes of this study indicate that the ownership structure acts as a moderator, influencing the correlation between board attributes (board size and board busyness) with non-financial listed firms’ performance in Pakistan.

Implications: The current study provides useful insight into this relationship to the policymakers, government, researchers, and other stakeholders. Therefore, based on this study's findings, non-financial firms listed in Pakistan should consider adopting institutional shareholding as a strategy to strengthen their capacity to secure long-term financing to support their growth initiatives.
Unveiling the Impact of Employee Engagement on Firm Performance: The Crucial Moderating Role of Supervisory Behaviors
Authors: Kamran Muhammad Rizwan , Ambreen Sadaf , Saleem Aisha , Rehan Muhammad Farooq
Published: March 2024

Purpose: This study seeks to investigate the intricate correlation between employee engagement and organizational success, with a particular emphasis on the impact of supervisor behaviors on this association.

Design/Methodology/Approach: This study utilized a quantitative approach to investigate the relationship between organizational success and employee engagement in IT-related firms located in Pakistan. The data was gathered by disseminating self-administered questionnaires to individuals, employing convenience sampling techniques. 280 responses were collected and subsequently evaluated using various statistical techniques.

Findings: The proposed linkages were confirmed through subsequent examination using structural equation modeling. The results indicate that the behavior of supervisors has a significant influence on how employee engagement directly affects the overall performance of the firm.

Implications/Originality/Value: The provided discoveries hold significant implications for companies aiming to improve employee engagement and attain a lasting competitive advantage. By giving priority to leadership strategies that offer support and empowerment, companies can develop a more engaged workforce, leading to enhanced productivity and in general organizational performance.
Influencer Marketing and Consumer Behavior During Pandemic Covid-19: A Scenario of Textile Industry of Pakistan
Authors: Hamid Mudasser , Waheed Farah , Basit Asma , Shahzad Shakeel
Published: March 2024

Purpose: The perseverance of this study is to examine how the influence of marketing via V-logging on Instagram has changed consumers’ buying behavior in the current pandemic in Pakistan.

Design/Methodology/Approach: The study employed the 'media richness theory,' which states that there are various types of communication channels, each of which tends to be richer than the others based on two major principles associated with those channels: the first is a communication's tendency to provide sufficient feedback, and the second is the cues the medium can provide.

Findings: By exploring the factors that are affecting the buying intentions of consumers using Instagram adverts, the research study attempted to portray a new yet different viewpoint on the use of media richness theory. The study purports to examine the role of social media influencers in changing consumer purchase intention in Pakistan during the Pandemic and the chances that it may remain uniform even after the pandemic passes for young Pakistani consumers only.

Implications/Originality/Value:

Finding of the study suggests that as social media play a key role in changing consumer purchases intentions. Thus, this could be improved and ought to be in more realistic way for the benefit of society.
An Inquiry into the Significance of Selected Institutions in the Economic Development of Pakistan
Authors: Khan Salim Ullah , Malik Zilakat Khan
Published: March 2024

Purpose: The study explores the significance of selected institutions in the economic development of Pakistan through its comparative study with Bangladesh and India over the period 2002-2021. The purpose is to identify the ultimate source of economic growth in Pakistan.

Design/Methodology/Approach: To accomplish the objectives, the study resorts to descriptive statistics, correlation matrices and Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) modeling techniques.

Findings: The study confirms the dominant role of institutional quality in economic growth. Comparing the role of domestic institutions to traditional growth factors the study finds out that institutional indicators such as political stability, rule of law, and government effectiveness cast a higher impact on economic growth in Pakistan than traditional factors like human capital, physical capital and trade openness. The study reveals that Pakistan faces challenges on the institutional front impeding its economic progress compared to Bangladesh and India.

Implications/Originality/Value: The study may serve as a guiding tool for policymakers and stakeholders emphasizing an urgent call for reforms in domestic institutions and suggesting improvement in institutional quality in Pakistan to foster a favorable environment for sustainable economic growth.
Dark Side of Pakistan Showcasing Economic Crisis Through Memes
Authors: Raza Jawad , Sagheer Iram , Sarwer Saema , Sabrina.A.Rasool
Published: March 2024

Purpose: The research represents witticism and humorous pictures, showcasing Pakistan’s economic issues on social media. The study highlights two important points of view, i.e., how these memes make an impression on people’s thinking about Pakistan and raise awareness in the young generation to pay attention to the developed economic condition of the country.

Design/Methodology/Approach: The Fairclough model is used by the researchers to study social media’s impact on economic discussions. 30 memes have been collected from Facebook, Twitter, and other social media platforms through random sampling to see how these memes have changed the perspective and mindset of people, especially the young generation, who care about Pakistan’s economic problems.

Findings: The results of this research highlight the hidden meanings in these memes and discuss their role in Pakistan’s economic condition. It is also evident from the results that some memes are used to create fun for the audience, but many of them are used to criticise government policies. Creating memes related to economic crises raised the issue of economy-building, highlighting the significance of the economy for purposes other than academic research and addressing societal issues.

Implications/Originality/Value: The government should invest in infrastructure to facilitate market access and boost economic growth. Income disparities may be minimised by fostering economic growth, which increases people's access to jobs and economic possibilities. Finally, Pakistan should encourage social cohesiveness.
Influence of Western Culture on Pakistani Dramas: A Feminist Lens
Authors: Badar Aiman , Noureen Abida , Ahmad Syed Shoaib
Published: March 2024

Purpose: Cultures go through the process of evolution with time. This process is always influenced by certain factors. External factors significantly influence Pakistani society through TV dramas. It is important to examine the influence of Western culture on Pakistani dramas. This research explores the influence of Western culture with reference to women characters, in term of women’s right of education, marriage, community engagement, living, economic empowerment as well as their household obligations, social limitations and liberation, juxtaposed with traditional cultural norms. Since Feminist theory stands for the rights of women, drawing upon the Feminist theoretical framework, this study investigates how the portrayal of gender roles, identities, and power dynamics in Pakistani television dramas reflects the infiltration of Western cultural values. The aim of this research is to assess the extent to which Western influences in Pakistani dramas contribute to shifting societal attitudes towards gender equality and women's empowerment.

Design/Methodology/Approach: Feminist theory is used in this study. Survey research is employed for quantitative analysis method in this study to analyze the influence of Western trends on Pakistani dramas.

Findings: The results revealed that Within the narratives of Pakistani dramas, male characters often dominate the spotlight with an emerging recognition among viewers: that female characters hold a significant thematic influence within the storyline, revealing a complex tension between societal expectations and evolving ideals of gender equality and agency.

Implications/Originality/Value: This study highlights the convergence of tradition, modernity, and external influences in Pakistani dramas. As the industry continues to evolve, there emerges a pressing need for reflection and dialogue on the portrayal of gender roles in a manner that is not only equitable and inclusive but also reflective of the evolving dynamics of Pakistani society.
Analysis of Product Quality and Brand Image on Customer Loyalty Through Customer Satisfaction at Starbucks Coffee Margo City Depok
Authors: Widayati Enny , Bachri Syamsul
Published: March 2024

Purpose: Drinking coffee is now becoming trendy like the younger generation or generation Z, unlike the previous year, young people are prohibited from drinking coffee, only the elderly are used to drinking coffee    

This study's objective is to ascertain the reasons why Starbucks coffee shops are full every day because of customer loyalty so that some say one-week average visit up to 8 or 11 times whether product quality is an influence or brand image of star buck brand becomes the influence of advanced young people so that customers become satisfied and always visit Which makes Starbucks outlets full of visitors.

The methodology of he approached used is Analytical Regression Moderation (MRA) Customer Satisfaction, Brand Image, and Product Quality are affected by 0.760 > 0.10. Product Quality is situated in the rejection area with the results of research t-value calculate > t table 5,965 and the ability to increase or moderate customer loyalty with the results of research. Calculate (5.965) > table (1.976) customer loyalty: 566 While brand reputation and product quality have an impact on customer happiness, Therefore, it has been shown that customer satisfaction may affect a customer's level of loyalty.
Interpersonal Communication of Parents with Children with Special Needs for Tunagrahita at Slb Nur Abadi Jakarta in Forming "Self Help Skill" Character
Authors: Ramadita Mutiara , Riyantie Mayang , Barizki Rezzi Nanda
Published: March 2024

Mental retardation is a child who actually experiences mental retardation and development below the average of other children, so that they experience difficulties in academic tasks, communication, and social life that are carried out every day, thus requiring special services and education. Interpersonal communication between parents and children with mental retardation is needed in the process of child development where growth and development is the main process for a child with special needs. Interpersonal communication between parents and mentally retarded children in forming the character of self-help skills at SLB Nur Abadi Jagakarsa emphasizes interpersonal communication characteristics such as openness, empathy, supportive attitude, positive attitude, and equality. The obstacles that occur are mainly the physical barriers of mentally retarded children, namely the ability to catch mentally retarded children in capturing messages conveyed is very weak, the emotions of mentally retarded children cannot be controlled, and semantic barriers, namely the ability to speak mentally retarded children which is difficult for others to understand.
Efforts to Grow Entrepreneurship among Students
Authors: Jaya Rahmat , Firmansyah Boy , Rifiyanti Haviza , Kurniawan Ari
Published: March 2024

Previous research has proven that universities producing graduates have experienced a significant increase from time to time, and employment is very small due to very high unemployment in Indonesia, reaching 10-11% and including the intellectual unemployed, namely college alumni. To anticipate unemployment, it is necessary to develop entrepreneurship among students              

There are several solutions to foster entrepreneurship among students, namely: (1) including entrepreneurship courses in the curriculum of each study program at tertiary institutions (2) developing an Integrated Work-Learning Program, namely an educational program that combines learning and entrepreneurship (3) cooperation with MSMEs; (4) Entrepreneurship Empowerment; and (5) Maximizing student performance in accordance with their skills and disciplines.               Several factors that can influence entrepreneurial success that is: (1) having high commitment and strong determination; (2) ambitious to seek opportunities; (3) have high morale and not easily give up; (4) strong self-confidence; (5) have high creativity; (6) have the ability to see the future with proper planning; (7) resistant to risk and uncertainty; (8) has the ability to lead people
Website Analysis on www.ibi-k57.ac.id using WebQual 4.0 and Importance Performance Analysis
Authors: Jihadi Hilman , Kristantini Aryanti , Purwandari Nuraini
Published: March 2024

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to analysis Website Quality of IBIK 57 in Usability, Information, Service Interaction and User Satisfaction, combine with Importance Performance Analysis to decide what dimension should be improve to make a better Website.

Methodology: A questionnaire survey was administered to 90 responent in IBIK 57. SPSS as statistical tools were used to analyze the data and test the hypotheses that alliance performance is impacted, This study used Webqual 4.0 methodology to evaluate the website quality and see the importance of that quality using IPA (Importance Performance Analysis) to see how IBIK 57  maintain that user expectations.

Results: From four dimension that Webqual 4.0 provide for this research and total of 60 respondent as sample this research, authors found that all of dimension has significance result to satisfied users with specific Information on facilities, News  and contents from the website.

Implication: Average respondent were satisfied with the Information, News and contents in the web both from the value of all respondents and each research variable. The existing results from website user can be used as feedback on evaluation and development of IBIK 57 website to be more accommodating to the wishes and in accordance with the expectations of website users.