bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validación del instrumento para medir la calidad de atención y satisfacción en usuarios de consulta externa del Hospital General Martín Icaza 2021
Authors: Álvarez Izquierdo Luis Leonel
Published: June 2022

Introducción: La satisfacción del paciente es un componente importante en la evaluación de la calidad del servicio recibido. La satisfacción del paciente provee información acerca del éxito en la prestación de los servicios y el cumplimiento de sus expectativas acerca de este. Objetivo: Determinar los factores que influyen la calidad de atención de los usuarios de consulta externa del Hospital General Martin Icaza. Metodología: Se realizó una investigación tipo descriptiva y correlacional aplicando la modalidad de investigación cuali-cuantitativa. El instrumento utilizado en la sección cuantitativa fue el cuestionario SERVQUAL modificado el cual se aplicó en un plan piloto a 20 usuarios del servicio de consulta externa, obteniéndose un Alfa de Crombach de 0,821 mientras que la entrevista fue el instrumento utilizado para la sección cualitativa y esta se aplicó a un grupo focal de 3 participantes. Resultados: Se evidencio que el promedio de satisfacción del grupo fue de 3,2/5 puntos siendo este un servicio regular, cuyo indicador peor evaluado fue el referente a la empatía hacia el paciente (2,50) y el mejor evaluado fue la educación continua mediante charlas a la comunidad (3,85). Conclusiones: Los instrumentos implementados en esta investigación mantienen fuerte relación y han sido estadísticamente significativos en cuanto a su pertinencia y fiabilidad, por lo cual se los considera aptos para su replicación en la investigación final.
Las tecnologías de la información y comunicación como una herramienta en la enseñanza de la matemática financiera
Authors: Gavilanes Sagñay Marco Antonio , Yanza Chávez Willian Geovanny , Montoya Lunavictoria Johana Katerin , Haro Velastegui Fermín Andrés
Published: June 2022

Introducción: Las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TICs), como parte de la labor docente y como herramienta en la enseñanza de la matemática financiera consiste, en un nuevo enfoque de la docencia y las capacidades de estos para el uso de los nuevos métodos y procesos, mediante la aplicación de las nuevas tecnologías. Objetivo: el presente trabajo pretende un estudio bibliográfico de los métodos de enseñanza y su incorporación de las nuevas tecnologías en los procesos de aprendizaje. Metodología: es una investigación cualitativa, de tipo bibliográfico, donde se establecen los antecedentes y comparaciones sobres los métodos de enseñanza aprendizaje de la matemática financiera. Resultados: se presentan una guía para las instituciones de formación docente en la consecución de estas metas. Conclusiones: la evolución de la tecnología es innegable, y la educación no podría de ninguna manera apartarse de la misma, así como sus métodos y herramientas para la enseñanza.
Religious, Cultural and Legal Barriers to Organ Donation: The Case of Bangladesh
Authors: Farid Md Shaikh , Naim Mou Tahrima Binta
Published: June 2022

There is a substantial shortage of organs available for transplantation in Bangladesh. This has resulted in the commodification of organs. This study analyzes the religious, cultural, and legal barriers to organ donation in Bangladesh. It is based on the examination of available literature and primary sources i.e. religious decrees and opinions of religious leaders of faith traditions, and the Bangladesh Organ Donation Act, 1999. The literature was retrieved from databases, such as PubMed, BioMed, and Google Scholar using the key words: organ donation in Islam, organ donation in Bangladesh, organ donation and religions. The study found that although many Islamic scholars accept organ donation, both living and cadaveric, under some conditions, some Bangladeshi Muslim clerics oppose donation. They argue that organ retrieval violates the sanctity of the human body and retrieval of organs may harm a living donor or lead to death, and organ donation may encourage the commercialization of body parts. Both commercialization and harming oneself are considered sins. Thus, the divergent views of Muslim clerics are a major barrier to organ donation among the Bangladeshi Muslims. Cultural and social factors also have a negative impact. Most people desire to be buried with their bodies intact. Although the Bangladesh government promulgated the Bangladesh Organ Donation Act, 1999, and amended it in 2018, it restricted donors and recipients to members of the extended family, which also reduced the donor pool. This study argues that the Muslim Orthodox clerics’ stand against organ donation and other cultural and legal issues are the major obstacles to organ donation in Bangladesh.
The Case of Doctor-Patient Relationship in Bangladesh: An Application of Relational Model of Autonomy
Authors: Ahmed Tanvir
Published: June 2022

The objective of this article is to establish an alternative doctor-patient relationship model and describe its importance in the case of the doctor-patient relationship in Bangladesh. There is a lot of diversity in the religious beliefs, social norms and values in Bangladesh. Likewise, the development of biological science as well as medical technology, the allocation of healthcare resources must be considered as an important issue. That is why the autonomy of both doctor and patient is a relational factor here. Besides, the four traditional doctor-patient relationship models offered by Ezekiel J. Emanuel and Linda L. Emanuel are not beyond criticism. So, we need an ideal doctor-patient relationship model for Bangladesh to protect every patient’s autonomy which will give freedom to the patient in choosing their own treatment as well as which will not conflict with the patient’s social or cultural values. In this article, I have selected the relational model of autonomy as the method of alternative doctor-patient relationship model. Hopefully, this alternative model will work better since it considers care first concerning a patient’s autonomy. Besides, doctors would treat their patients as a ‘care seeker’ rather than ‘client’ or ‘customer’, and simultaneously, patients would perceive their physicians as ‘caregivers’. But, applying the relational model of autonomy in the case of doctor-patient relationship is more challenging in Bangladesh due to some obstacles like large numbers of population, illiteracy, insufficiency of skilled doctors and hospitals, corruption in medical sectors, social prejudices and so on. But, if we can overcome these problems, the relational model of autonomy will be considered as a suitable doctor-patient relationship model in Bangladesh.
Ethical issues in biomedical research in Nigeria: a systematic review
Authors: Ikeagwulonu Chinaza Richard , Uneke Chigozie Jesse , Uchejeso Obeta Mark
Published: June 2022

The use of human subjects in research comes with lots of ethical challenges. The purpose of this review is to assess the various ethical issues that have been associated with biomedical research in Nigeria.  This article also finds out the possible ways of improvement of this scenario.  Pubmed/Medline, Google Scholar, JSTOR, and AJOL search were the possible search engine for literature from 2000 to 2020. Key words were used including, ethical issues, biomedical research and Nigeria. Of the 113 publications were found., A total of 18(15.9%) articles fulfilled the study inclusion criteria and were included in this review.  Twelve ethical issues were highlighted including Informed consent (12 studies), autonomy and voluntariness (8 studies), beneficence (8 studies), counseling (5 studies), compensation (4 studies), professional behavior and attitudes (2 studies), confidentiality (2 studies), social, cultural and religious practices (2 studies), scientific integrity (1 study), communitarianism (1 study), equity (1 study), and trust (1 study). We found that there are ethical issues in biomedical research in Nigeria of which informed consent is most widely studied. Also, participants had varying degree of understanding of their rights as research subjects. As a result, there is need to enhance the capacity of investigators to better understand these issues and also increase their explanatory skill to help participants achieve complete understanding of their various rights and process.
Penetrating Craniocerebral Injury
Authors: Barua Kanak Kanti
Published: June 2022

Abstract not available
Bang J Neurosurgery 2021; 11(1): 1
External Ventricular Drainage Reduces Mortality in Spontaneous Intraventricular Hemorrhage of Brain: A Comparative Study
Authors: Chowdhury SM Noman Khaled , Rashid Mohammad Humayun , Hossain Mohammad Nazrul , Ara Syeda Asfiya , Bhuiyan Md Sharif , Sarker Tapas , Saha Kamalesh , Ohi Sirajul Munir
Published: June 2022

Introduction: External ventricular drain (EVD) usage in patients with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is variable in current practice and clinical trials, and its impact on outcome remains controversial. Aim of this study was to see the outcome of EVD in management of spontaneous IVH of brain assessing by Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) and modified Rankin scale (mRS) score compared with conservative management.
Materials and Methods: Between July 2018 and June 2019, a consecutive 125 admitted patients with spontaneous IVH were enrolled in this quasi-experimental study. Among them 56 patient’s relative agreed to surgery who were accepted as case group and had EVDs. Remaining 69 patient’s relative declined authorization for surgery and were accepted as control group and underwent conservative management. Baseline demographics, clinical presentation, and hospital course, Glasgow coma scale score (GCS) for level of consciousness and modified Graeb score (mGS) for severity of ventricular haemorrhage were recorded at baseline and postoperatively. Admission Computed tomography (CT) scans performed within 24 hours of admission were reviewed for IVH type and hydrocephalus. Patients were followed up for 3 months post operatively and assessed using the GOS score and mRS score.
Results: Both the groups were similar at baseline in terms of age (mean±SD: 59±14 vs 60±14, p = 0.645), sex and comorbidity distributions. However, patients who received EVDs had lower mean GCS score (p=<0.001) and higher mean mGS score (p= 0.015) than those who did not receive an EVD. Incidence of hydrocephalus was similar in both groups (57.4% vs 46.7%, p = 0.268). Among the 77 survivors at 3 months, there were 23.1% (6/21) patients scored mRSd”2 in case group, while 38.2% (13/34) in control group (P=0.211). After binary logistic regression analysis, EVD placement was independently associated with reduction of 90 days mortality than conservative management (OR: 3.982; 95% CI: 1.3-12.19) but no effect on morbidity and functional dependence. Other independent predictors for mortality were higher age (p=0.002), lower GCS at admission (p=<0.001) and presence of hydrocephalus (p= <0.001) on CT scan.
Conclusion:These results suggest that EVD placement may be beneficial for patients with IVH, who have particularly poor prognosis at admission, but our results must be validated in future randomized clinical trial with larger cohorts and longer follow-up periods that are sufficiently powered to control for the heterogeneity of the study population and managements.
Bang. J Neurosurgery 2021; 11(1): 3-12
Torcular Dural Sinus Malformation in the Early Childhood: A Case Report
Authors: Islam Md Shafiqul , Shiplu Motasimul Hasan , Rana Md Sumon , Alam Md Shamsul , Ansari Ayub , Ashfaq Musannah , Biswas Md Shahnawas , Saha Milton Kumer , Karim Md Rabiul , Hasan Mahmudul
Published: June 2022

Arteriovenous malformations (AVM) are rare diseases in pediatric age groups, and dural sinus malformation (DSM) has a lower incidence rate. DSMs are associated with mild male dominance, and onset symptoms appear around 5 months of age. The most common clinical presentation is macrocrania, seizures, psychomotor delay, intracranial hemorrhage, congestive heart failure, and brain ischemia. Early recognition of these lesions is essential to prevent brain injury for ischemia and intracranial hypertension. Case description: We discuss the case of a 8 month-old boy presenting with macrocrania secondary to atorcular dural sinus malformation. This case was successfully treated by the endovascular procedure, reaching the goal of the treatment to obliterate the arterial portion of the fistula while preserving cerebral venous drainage to reduce the pial reflux to prevent venous hypertension and ischemic complications.
Bang. J Neurosurgery 2021; 11(1): 41-44
Ventral Cervical Intradural Extramedullary Neuroenteric Cyst and its Operative Procedure; A Rare Case Report with Literature Review
Authors: Kuddus Md Ruhul , Ahammed Md Bashir , Rahman Hasanur , Rahman Moshiur , Islam KM Atiqul , Siddik Samiul Alam , Faruk Omar , Debnath Haradhan
Published: June 2022

Background:Neuroenteric cysts are rare non-neoplastic lesions arising from a failure of dissolution of the transient neuroenteric canal between the foregut and the notochord. They are most frequently seen in the intraduralextramedullary space in the lower cervical and upper thoracic spine.
Case description:A 5 yrs old boy presented to us with the complaints of neck and upper back pain and weakness of all four limbs. MRI scan shows an intraduralextramedullary cystic lesion at C6-T1 with significant compression over cord. After patient’s preparation a Posterior approach was used to remove the cysts. Post-operative course was un-eventful. Histological results were consistent with neuroenteric cysts. MRI image of 3 months follow-up shows no residual cysts and the boy has no further complaints.
Conclusion:Neuroenteric cyst (NC) is a rare lesion usual location at lower cervical and upper dorsal area and should be considered among differential diagnoses. Complete excision is the treatment of choice. In most instances a dorsal surgical approach will be satisfactory.
Bang. J Neurosurgery 2021; 11(1): 54-57
Endoscopic Transmaxillary orbitotomy for Cavernous Malformation: A Case Report with Technical Considerations
Authors: Haroon Kaisar , Alam Md Shafiul , Taher Tania , Huq Naila
Published: June 2022

Cavernoma is a benign tumour of the orbit. It results in proptosis, visual disturbance, diplopia and ptosis of the eye. It is amenable to surgery without recurrence. We report a case of left orbital cavernoma in a female, who presented with non-pulsatile painless proptosis, without ptosis and no perception of light. Her MRI revealed a cavernoma of the left orbit inferior to the optic nerve. She was operated by the endoscopic transmaxillary orbitotomy. This easily removed the tumour, avoided craniotomy and was cosmetically acceptable.
Bang. J Neurosurgery 2021; 11(1): 58-61
NF-κB signaling contributes to the inhibitory effects of Bombyx batryticatus on neuroinflammation caused by MPTP toxicity
Authors: Lim Hye-Sun , Jang Yumi , Moon Byeong Cheol , Park Gunhyuk
Published: June 2022

Bombyx batryticatus, the dried larvae of Bombyx mori infected by Beauveria bassiana, is a renowned traditional medicine. Previous report shows that B. batryticatus improved behavioral impairments, protected dopaminergic neurons, and maintained dopamine levels by inhibiting oxidative signaling in murine Parkinson’s disease  model. In this study, the inhibitory effects of B. batryticatus on 1-methyl 4-phenyl 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson’s disease in mice was investigated and explored the corresponding molecular mechanisms, while focusing on NF-κB signaling. Consequently, it was found that B. batryticatus inhibited glial and microglial activation and the levels of neuroinflammatory mediators, such as Cox-2, iNOS, and NF-kB, in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Moreover, pre-inhibition of NF-κB by BAY 11-7082, a κB kinase inhibitor, could neutralize the inhibitory effects of B. batryticatus against the activation of glia and microglia formerly induced by MPTP. It can be considered that B. batryticatus holds implications in providing anti-inflammatory neuroprotection by regulating NF-κB signaling.
Status of Urology in Bangladesh Before Celebrating Golden Jubilee of Liberation
Authors: Alam Md Shawkat
Published: June 2022

Abstract Not Available
Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 22, No. 1, January 2019 p.1
Outcome of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Our Initial Experiences
Authors: Azam Md Shafiqul , Hossain Md Abul , Naser Md Fazal
Published: June 2022

Objective :To find out the outcome of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
Methods:This prospective study was done in the Department of Urology, ShaheedSuhrawardy Medical College Hospital, Dhaka during the period of July 2016 to June2017 .Thirty five patients with renal calculi were included in this study. All patients wereevaluated by history, physical examination and investigations. Patients were counseledfor PCNL it was done under sub-arachnoid block in all the cases. Intra operativecomplications in terms of bleeding requiring blood transfusion, pleural injury, renal pelvisinjury, were recorded. Stone clearance were also recorded. Postoperative complicationswere also recorded in predesigned data sheet. Data analyses were done by SPSS –WIN 10.0 version.
Result: Mean age of the patients was 41.5±10.23 years and mean size of the stonewas 2.58±.96cm. Mean operative time was121.7 minute. Stone clearance rate was 80%and residual stone was in 20% cases. Different complications were recorded in 42.85%cases. Hospital stay was 4.65±2.24 days.
Conclusion: Percutaneous Nephro-lithotomy is a good option in the management ofrenal calculi .It has good stone clearance rate, lower morbidity , shorter hospital stayand early return to work.
Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 22, No. 1, January 2019 p.80-84
Penile Fracture-Report of Two Cases and Review of Current Literature
Authors: Mallik Ashraf Uddin , Rahman Mostafizur , Karmaker Uttam , Ferdous Baikali , Halder Harbilash
Published: June 2022

Penile fracture is an uncommon urological emergency, especially in Bangladesh. Theother name is traumatic rupture of the tunica albugenia and corpora cavernosa in theerect penis. It occurs when an erect penis face to buckle under the pressure of a bluntsexual trauma. Patient gives the typical history of immediate detumescence, severepain, swelling and eggplant deformity of the penile shaft due to penile injury. Immediatesurgical exploration and repair of corpora Cavernosa with tunica albugenia is the mosteffective treatment modality. In normal cases diagnosis is made from history, physicalexamination alone. In some special cases ultrasonogram, radiological images, includingretrograde urethrography or cavernosography are mandatory for proper diagnosis.
Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 22, No. 1, January 2019 p.95-99
Laparoscopic Management of Isolated Renal Hydatid Cyst a Rare Case
Authors: Rakib Md Abdur , Islam Md Shahidul , Waheed SM Shameem
Published: June 2022

Hydatid disease is a cyclozoonotic parasitic infestation caused by the cestodeEchinococcusgranulosus. Isolated renal involvement is extremely rare. A 58-year-old female, housewifepresented with vague abdominal pain. Ultrasonography of the abdomen revealed complexcyst arising from the right kidney. Computerized tomography scan of the abdomenrevealed large complex cyst arising from right kidney. Laparoscopic transperitonealcystectomy was performed. Isolated right renal hydatid cyst was removed in toto.Microscopic examination confirmed the diagnosis of hydatid cyst. Transperitoneallaparoscopic approach gives a better working space which helped us to remain outsideGerota’s fascia and prevent subsequent cyst rupture.
Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 22, No. 1, January 2019 p.103-105
A 19-year-old girl with sharp, severe, and stabbing pain for 2 days
Authors: Marium Roshnee Rizwana , Hossain Mozammal
Published: June 2022

This article has no abstract. The first 100 words appear below:
A 19-year-old female presented with severe, sharp, and stabbing pain on her lower left posterior segment for 2 days. The pain was poorly localized and it transferred to the head and ear region. The pain was stimulated by the application of heat. The patient also complained about a significant rise in the intensity of the pain on lying posture. She also complained about having tooth sensitivity on other segments of the arch. On clinical examination, the lower-left 2nd molar tooth was found to be broken down.
A study for validating, rectifying and optimizing the flow in the test section of a circulating water channel
Authors: Varghese Kiran George , Nair Vinay Gopi , Godey Avinash , Kumar P. G. Sunil
Published: June 2022

The Circulation Water Channel (CWC) is an experimental facility available at Indian Maritime University, Visakhapatnam Campus. A study for comparing the flow pattern and velocity in the test section, for different configurations of the CWC, is complex. To study the flow, a physical model of the CWC, with different configurations, should be made, which in overall is a complicated and time-consuming exercise. But this difficulty can be overcome through using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis, as in this study, where a CFD analysis is done using ‘STAR-CCM+’ software. A CFD model of the existing CWC [corresponding to the 1:4 scale setup at IMUV], is first made, and its validity is checked, by comparing the results of the CFD analysis, against those results obtained from the experimental analysis.

On successfully validating the results, modifications are suggested for rectifying the disturbance which is present in the test section. The test section is the area in the CWC where experimental activities are carried out. In order to carry out the experiments with a certain degree of accuracy, it is important to have a smooth streamlined flow in the test section. To ensure this, a honeycomb structure is positioned such that the flow enters the test section through the honeycomb, which streamlines the flow.

On successfully rectifying the disturbance, studies are carried out to improve the streamlined flow in the test section, for which, different configurations of honeycomb structure are studied. The optimum honeycomb structure, which produces a smooth flow in the test section of a CWC is found out, by conducting analyses for different shapes - i.e. for shapes ranging from rectangular to hexagonal and circular, against different inlet velocities.

The present paper sums up the findings of our earlier research, ‘CFD as a Tool to Validate and Modify the Flow in the Test Section of a Circulating Water Channel’, and ‘Study of Flow in the Test Section of a Circulating Water Channel by Varying the Honey Comb Cross Section’, which were published in the conference proceedings of Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, and Indian Maritime University, Visakhapatnam, respectively.
Study of Expansion Chamber Muffler Characteristics using Pink and White Noise Sources
Authors: Kale A. , Surve F.
Published: June 2022

The primary objective of the study is to compare the insertion loss in an expansion chamber muffler using white and pink noise. White noise has equal power per hertz over the entire range of frequencies, while the power per hertz in pink noise decreases with increasing frequency. Nonetheless, as the width of successive octaves increases, pink noise renders equal power per octave. The sound pressure level at the output port of the expansion chamber muffler is recorded using an acoustic analyzer, maintaining a constant input for the corresponding noise source. Radon Soft, V1.21, has been used for white and pink noise. The response of three different mufflers with varying lengths and cross-sections is investigated for insertion loss, bandwidth, and dissipation: M_1 with m = 4.78 (constant length), M_2 with m = 7.27 (variable length), and M_3 with m = 12.14 (variable length). The experimentally obtained insertion loss and the nature of response are compared with the theoretical estimates of transmission loss.
Data Security and Deduplication Framework for Securing and Deduplicating Users’ Data in Public and Private Cloud Environment
Authors: Balaji K. , Manikandasaran S. S.
Published: June 2022

Maintaining the security of data stored in the public or private cloud is a more tedious task. The cloud is the only arrangement for storing enormous amounts of data, but there is a possibility of storing the same data more than once. The traditional security system generates different unreadable data for the same readable content of a file. Therefore, it is necessary to address data security of the cloud and duplication in cloud storage. This paper concentrates on developing a data security and deduplication framework with different security techniques and mechanisms to address the said difficulties in the cloud. The framework proposed in this paper focuses on reducing security vulnerability as well as data duplication. The paper describes the components used in the frameworks. The main research contribution of the framework is having enhanced the convergent encryption technique, key generation techniques, and deduplication mechanism for maintaining a single copy of data in the cloud. The proposed framework’s efficiency is measured by implementing the work by developing a cloud-based application that coded for all the procedures of the proposed framework and tested in the cloud environment.
Time Series Prediction of Rainfall and Temperature Trend using ARIMA Model
Authors: Masum M. H. , Islam R. , Hossen M. A. , Akhie A. A.
Published: June 2022

Rainfall and temperature are two key factors to examine while assessing climate change. Bangladesh has witnessed extremes in rainfall and temperature during the previous few decades, affecting both the environment and the agricultural economy. In this study, the ARIMA model is used to predict and forecast rainfall and temperature in Chattogram, Bangladesh from 1953 to 2070 considering seasonal variations. Analyzed data indicated a substantial to a fairly significant upward trend in December, with a slight increase in rainfall between years 2021-2050 and 2050-2070. Rainfall reflects a more dominant rising trend in later parts of the selected four-time series, indicating more rainfall during the Monsoon season. Temperature follows an upward trend with time, the most significant positive trend occurring between 2021 and 2050, and a large negative trend occurring between 2050 and 2070. In the years 2021-2050, the yearly average temperature is expected to drop during the Rabi season. In April, May, July, and October, there is a significant negative connection between rainfall and temperature, meaning that temperatures will rise with less precipitation and vice versa.
Clonal propagation of Dracaena fragrans cv. Victoria through tissue culture technology
Authors: Jazib Ahshan , Hossain Mohd Talim , Raju Raihan I
Published: June 2022

Micropropagation of Dracaena fragrans cv.Victoria was conducted using the young, tender and disease-free leaves and nodal segments as explants collected from the local market of Savar, Dhaka. Surface sterilization of the explants pretreated with a liquid detergent and then 0.2% HgCl2 for 4-5 minutes produces maximum contamination free explants without any toxicity. After surface sterilization, different explants were inoculated on gelrite gelled MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of 2,4-D for callus induction and with different concentrations and combinations of BAP and NAA for direct shoot induction. Nodal explants showed high callus induction potentiality (80%) on MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/l 2,4-D. The highest frequency of direct shoot induction from nodal segment was 80% and the number of shoots per nodal segment was(5.28±1.17) when they were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 3.0 mg/l BAP and 0.3 mg/l NAA. The highest shoot multiplication (83.33%) with maximum number of shoot per unit callus (5.62±1.24) and maximum shoot length (3.27±0.82 cm) was observed when the nodal calli were transferred in gelrite gelled MS medium in combination with 4.5 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l NAA. Additionally, the incorporation of 4% sucrose and 10% coconut water with the above mentioned medium showed the satisfactory shoot growth and development with an average 7.84±1.30 shoots per unit of callus which was 4.21±0.78 cm in length. Moreover, addition of 3.0 mg/l GA3 with the above mention medium showed highest rate of shoot elongation (5.83±2.31cm). For root induction, in vitro raised shoots were transferred onto half-strength of MS liquid medium augmented with different concentrations and combinations of auxins (IBA and NAA). Maximum rooting (75%) were observed in halfstrength MS liquid medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l IBA. After appropriate rooting the plantlets were successfully acclimatized (85% survival) when they were cultured in polybag containing (1:1:1) garden soil, sand and compost mixture before transferred to soil. Regenerated plants were morphologically identical with mother plants and showed their uniform growth in field condition.

Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 8(2): 1-11, 2019 (December)
Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) in Children in Developing countries -A Review
Authors: Khan Md Abbas Uddin , Akhtar Rowshan Jahan
Published: June 2022

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a potentially serious infection and is the single commonest and leading cause of death in under 5 children in developing countries. But the crucial first step in tackling childhood pneumonia is being able to diagnose it accurately, particularly after introduction of 2 effective vaccines against two major pathogens responsible for childhood bacterial pneumonia. Radiology and determination of hypoxia by pulse oximetry have been considered the optimal methods for diagnosing pneumonia. This review article has updated the important aspects of childhood pneumonia in developing countries. Early recognition and prompt, appropriate and adequate management can reduce the case fatality as well as morbidity associated with pneumonia.

Northern International Medical College Journal Vol. 11 No. 1 July 2019, Page 406-410
A Missing Link: African Christian Resonances in the Rise of Indian Muslim and Hindu Missions
Authors: Shankar Shobana
Published: June 2022

This essay explores how West Africa became a landscape of religious exchange, creativity and synthesis connecting Africa and South Asia. It follows the lead of Afe Adogame and Jim Spickard, who argue that ‘Africa is not merely a passive recipient of global pressures. It is also a site of religious creativity that has had considerable effect on the outside world. The growth and global influence of the three religious heritages of sub-Saharan Africa – indigenous religions, Christianity and Islam – needs to be understood against the backdrop of mutual influence and exchange at various historical epochs’ ( Adogame and Spickhard 2010 : 2—3).

To explore such transformations, I draw on the cases of the Ahmadiyya Muslim missionary movement in Ghana and Nigeria and Hinduism in Ghana. The Ahmadiyya began as a mission to correct Christianity's influence on West Africans, but was transformed by African influence on South Asians into a pluralistic knowledge-seeking movement. In a similar vein, Africans reshaped Hinduism away from cultural isolationism and worldly attachments of the Indian-diaspora Africa towards a spiritual ethic of racial integration and devotionalism that Africans and Indians now share. I conclude by reflecting on how African modes of religious interrelationality – influenced by the historical trajectories of Christianity on the African continent – have been crucial in the polycentrism that world Christianity scholars have revealed.
The Effect of Three Good Things Technique on Self-Leadership to Nursing Students
Authors: Sudrajat Diwa Agus , Munawaroh Aisyah Andalis , Noor Hayati Suci , Kumala Tria Firza
Published: June 2022

Background: Every nursing student must develop self-leadership skills. It has been proven that nursing students who score high in self-leadership would have better performance and self-efficacy. The Three Good Things intervention is a potential strategy for enhancing self-leadership.
Aim: The aimed of the research was to identify the effect of the three nice things technique on nursing students' self-leadership.
Method: This research is a quantitative study using a Quasi-Experimental design with Two Group Pre and Post-test, involving 60 nursing students as respondents. Data collection with the RSLQ questionnaire (Revised Self-Leadership Questionnaire) and data analysis using Paired Sample ANCOVA and T-Test
Results: This study showed the picture of low self-leadership before intervention both in the control and intervention groups. Then after the intervention, the self-leadership was still low in the control group, while the intervention group showed a high self-leadership, then there was a significant difference in self-leadership between before and after the intervention in the intervention group with a p-value of 0.000 (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the control before and after the intervention with a p-value of 0.335 (p>0.05). And the three good things intervention proved to have an effect on self-leadership in nursing students (p-value of 0.000).
Conclusion: This study showed an effect of providing three good things interventions on self-leadership in nursing students. This research is expected for the institution to conduct training or workshops on self-leadership in maintaining the consistency of student self-leadership in the institution.
Legados exemplares: a narrativa sobre a vida e as virtudes nas notas de falecimento da “Revista Adventista”
Authors: Novaes Allan Macedo de , Marcelino Marcio Adriano Tonete
Published: June 2022

Este artigo analisa como a “Revista Adventista” retrata a vida daqueles cuja memória é registrada na seção de falecimentos do periódico. O corpus da análise restringiu-se a publicações feitas entre junho de 2020 e setembro de 2021, período em que a revista ampliou o número de páginas da seção intitulada “Memória”, a fim de atender à crescente demanda das vítimas da Covid-19. A partir dessa análise foi possível perceber que suas notas de falecimento se concentram mais nos aspectos relacionados à trajetória de vida do que na morte em si. As memórias biográficas dos falecidos seguem um padrão elogioso, com ênfase nas virtudes, as quais retratam modelos de vida e elementos importantes do imaginário adventista. Tal percepção reforça a constatação de outros estudos de que a cultura protestante teve um papel importante na difusão de valores sociais e religiosos por meio de narrativas de cunho biográfico ligadas à morte.
Soil Seed Bank Dynamics of Pastures Invaded by Navua Sedge (Cyperus aromaticus) in Tropical North Queensland
Authors: Chadha Aakansha , Osunkoya Olusegun O. , Shi Boyang , Florentine Singarayer K. , Dhileepan Kunjithapatham
Published: June 2022

Navua sedge (Cyperus aromaticus) is threatening crops, pasture species and natural ecosystems in Pacific Island countries and northern Queensland, Australia. To aid future management efforts of this exotic invasive weed, research was conducted to understand the soil seed bank dynamics of pastures invaded by Navua sedge. Six grazing properties were chosen across two landscapes, coastal and inland/upland, with areas that had Navua sedge infestations in Queensland, Australia. At each site, soil was collected from two soil depths, 0-5 and 5-10 cm, and from plots with high and low infestation levels of Navua sedge. It was observed that the soil seed bank dynamics varied significantly between these study sites. Navua sedge was the dominant species in the soil seed bank at all the sites contributing between 62% to 95% of the total seed bank, while pasture seeds occupied only 3% to 24%. Broadleaf seeds were even lower in abundance, showing between 2% to 13% of the total seed count. The abundance of Navua sedge seed present in the soil was significantly correlated with the aboveground biomass of Navua sedge (r=0.53, p=0.006), but no correlation was found with the infestation age of Navua sedge. Based on this work, it is clear that the seed bank of Navua sedge is very large and concentrated within the top 0-5 cm of the soil, with, 83% of total Navua sedge seeds being in this layer. It was also noted that, although, high infestation plots had significantly higher number of seeds than low infestation plots, more than 18,000 Navua sedge seeds/m2 were still found in the 0-5 cm soil layer of plots regarded as low infestation. We suggest that insights achieved from our soil seed bank study may be used to devise management strategies to minimise the impact of Navua sedge weed in critical grazing and agricultural areas.
Pre-Eclampsia Biomarkers for Women With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Comprehensive Review of Recent Literature
Authors: Freimane Katrina Z. , Kerrigan Lauren , Eastwood Kelly-Ann , Watson Chris J.
Published: June 2022

Background: Pre-eclampsia is a serious consideration for women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) planning pregnancy. Risk stratification strategies, such as biomarkers measured in the first trimester of pregnancy, could help identify high-risk women. The literature on T1DM-specific pre-eclampsia biomarkers is expanding. We aimed to provide a narrative review of recently published evidence to identify the most promising biomarker candidates that could be targeted for clinical implementation in existing PE models.

Methods: A search using MeSH terms was carried out of Medline, EMBASE, Maternity and Infant Care, Web of Science, and Scopus for relevant papers published since 2015 inclusive and in English. The time limit was applied from the publication of the preceding systematic review in this field. Included studies had pre-eclampsia as a primary outcome, measured one or more serum, plasma or urine biomarkers at any time during pregnancy, and had a distinct group of women with T1DM who developed pre-eclampsia. Studies with pre-eclampsia as a composite outcome were not considered. No restrictions on study types were applied. A narrative synthesis approach was adopted for analysis.

Results: A total of 510 records were screened yielding 18 eligible studies relating to 32 different biomarkers. Higher first-trimester levels of HbA1c and urinary albumin were associated with an increased risk of pre-eclampsia development in women with T1DM. Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and adipokines were novel biomarkers showing moderate predictive ability before 15 gestational weeks. Two T1DM-specific pre-eclampsia prediction models were proposed, measuring adipokines or urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin together with easily attainable maternal clinical characteristics. Contradicting previous literature, pre-eclampsia risk in women with T1DM was correlated with vitamin D levels and atherogenic lipid profile in the context of haptoglobin phenotype 2-2. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A and soluble endoglin did not predict pre-eclampsia in women with T1DM, and soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 only predicted pre-eclampsia from the third trimester.

Conclusion: Maternally derived biomarkers reflecting glycemic control, insulin resistance and renal dysfunction performed better as PE predictors among women with T1DM than those derived from the placenta. These biomarkers could be trialed in current PE prediction algorithms to tailor them for women with T1DM.
Optimal Center of Rotation for Ball-And-Socket Thumb Carpometacarpal Arthroplasty Identified Using Three-Dimensional Kinematic Analysis: A Pilot Study
Authors: Murai Atsuro , Kurosawa Akihiro , Tada Kaoru , Tachiya Hiroshi , Tamai Atsuya , Akahane Mika , Matsuta Masashi , Nakamura Yuta , Kawashima Hiroki , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki
Published: June 2022

Total joint arthroplasty is one of the surgical option for thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) joint arthritis, however the optimal position the center of rotation (COR) has not been quantified. The purpose of this study is to identify ideal ball-and-socket thumb carpometacarpal joint implants and the optimal position of the COR. We obtained eight right thumb computed tomography images each from ten healthy men, comprising four images each of thumbs at various angles of flexion-extension and abduction-adduction. We reconstructed 3D bone models on 3D CAD, created virtual ball-and-socket implants with three variables (neck offset, implant height, neck rotation), and found the optimal COR where the position change in the COR was smallest across various thumb positions. When the offset was 4.5 mm, neck rotation angle was 130.6° from the radial side to the palmar side of the first metacarpal, and implant height from the distal end of the metacarpal was 43.6 mm, we could restore almost normal kinematics. This study could serve as a reference for implant development and surgical technique guidelines.
Single-Cell Transcriptomics Uncover Key Regulators of Skin Regeneration in Human Long-Term Mechanical Stretch-Mediated Expansion Therapy
Authors: Sun Yidan , Xu Luwen , Li Yin , Lin Jian , Li Haizhou , Gao Yashan , Huang Xiaolu , Zhu Hainan , Zhang Yingfan , Wei Kunchen , Yang Yali , Wu Baojin , Zhang Liang , Li Qingfeng , Liu Caiyue
Published: June 2022

Tissue expansion is a commonly performed therapy to grow extra skin invivo for reconstruction. While mechanical stretch-induced epidermal changes have been extensively studied in rodents and cell culture, little is known about the mechanobiology of the human epidermis in vivo. Here, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing to interrogate the changes in the human epidermis during long-term tissue expansion therapy in clinical settings. We also verified the main findings at the protein level by immunofluorescence analysis of independent clinical samples. Our data show that the expanding human skin epidermis maintained a cellular composition and lineage trajectory that are similar to its non-expanding neighbor, suggesting the cellular heterogeneity of long-term expanded samples differs from the early response to the expansion. Also, a decrease in proliferative cells due to the decayed regenerative competency was detected. On the other hand, profound transcriptional changes are detected for epidermal stem cells in the expanding skin versus their non-expanding peers. These include significantly enriched signatures of C-FOS, EMT, and mTOR pathways and upregulation of AREG and SERPINB2 genes. CellChat associated ligand-receptor pairs and signaling pathways were revealed. Together, our data present a single-cell atlas of human epidermal changes in long-term tissue expansion therapy, suggesting that transcriptional change in epidermal stem cells is the major mechanism underlying long-term human skin expansion therapy. We also identified novel therapeutic targets to promote human skin expansion efficiency in the future.
The Role of m6A on Female Reproduction and Fertility: From Gonad Development to Ovarian Aging
Authors: Sun Xiaoyan , Lu Jiafeng , Li Hong , Huang Boxian
Published: June 2022

The growth and maturation of oocyte is accompanied by the accumulation of abundant RNAs and posttranscriptional regulation. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent epigenetic modification in mRNA, and precisely regulates the RNA metabolism as well as gene expression in diverse physiological processes. Recent studies showed that m6A modification and regulators were essential for the process of ovarian development and its aberrant manifestation could result in ovarian aging. Moreover, the specific deficiency of m6A regulators caused oocyte maturation disorder and female infertility with defective meiotic initiation, subsequently the oocyte failed to undergo germinal vesicle breakdown and consequently lost the ability to resume meiosis by disrupting spindle organization as well as chromosome alignment. Accumulating evidence showed that dysregulated m6A modification contributed to ovarian diseases including polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), ovarian aging and other ovarian function disorders. However, the complex and subtle mechanism of m6A modification involved in female reproduction and fertility is still unknown. In this review, we have summarized the current findings of the RNA m6A modification and its regulators in ovarian life cycle and female ovarian diseases. And we also discussed the role and potential clinical application of the RNA m6A modification in promoting oocyte maturation and delaying the reproduction aging.
Biodegradation of Herbicide by the Immobilized Microbial Consortium SMC1 in Continuous Packed-Bed Biofilm Reactor
Authors: Mohanty Satya Sundar , Jena Hara Mohan
Published: June 2022

The present study aimed to investigate the treatment of butachlor and other commonly used herbicides by the synthetically formulated microbial consortium SMC1 immobilized on the ceramic raschig rings in a packed-bed bioreactor (PBBR). The PBBR was operated in continuous mode at various flow rates over a period of 70 days to determine the effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and initial butachlor concentration on the removal efficiency and elimination capability of the bioreactor. It was observed that the overall operation of the bioreactor changes from being controlled by the mass transfer limitations to the controlled bio-reaction , thus proposing the range of 270–325 mg/L/d to be the optimum operating range for the efficient removal of butachlor by the PBBR. The bioreactor can reduce up to 90% of the initial chemical oxygen demand (COD) value while treating the mixture of herbicides. The operating parameters were optimized using response surface methodology where the feed flow rate of 2.9 ml/min, initial herbicide concentration of 454.63 mg/L, and concentration of an additional nitrogen source at 1.41 g/L was found to yield maximal COD reduction. To date, a continuous study in the field of butachlor biodegradation is yet to be reported. Hence, the study could be used as a model to design a better herbicide biotreatment technology.
Perspectives: SARS-CoV-2 Spike Convergent Evolution as a Guide to Explore Adaptive Advantage
Authors: Zahradník Jiri , Nunvar Jaroslav , Schreiber Gideon
Published: June 2022

Viruses rapidly co-evolve with their hosts. The 9 million sequenced SARS-CoV-2 genomes by March 2022 provide a detailed account of viral evolution, showing that all amino acids have been mutated many times. However, only a few became prominent in the viral population. Here, we investigated the emergence of the same mutations in unrelated parallel lineages and the extent of such convergent evolution on the molecular level in the spike (S) protein. We found that during the first phase of the pandemic (until mid 2021, before mass vaccination) 31 mutations evolved independently ≥3-times within separated lineages. These included all the key mutations in SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) at that time, indicating their fundamental adaptive advantage. The omicron added many more mutations not frequently seen before, which can be attributed to the synergistic nature of these mutations, which is more difficult to evolve. The great majority (24/31) of S-protein mutations under convergent evolution tightly cluster in three functional domains; N-terminal domain, receptor-binding domain, and Furin cleavage site. Furthermore, among the S-protein receptor-binding motif mutations, ACE2 affinity-improving substitutions are favoured. Next, we determined the mutation space in the S protein that has been covered by SARS-CoV-2. We found that all amino acids that are reachable by single nucleotide changes have been probed multiple times in early 2021. The substitutions requiring two nucleotide changes have recently (late 2021) gained momentum and their numbers are increasing rapidly. These provide a large mutation landscape for SARS-CoV-2 future evolution, on which research should focus now.