bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eski Arap Hicvinin Özgün Bir Edebî Tür Olarak Doğuşu
Authors: AYYILDIZ Esat
Published: December 2020

Hiciv (hicâ’) sanatı, Arap edebiyatının ana edebî tarzlarından biridir. Bu türün içerisinde, kusurlar, yenilgiler, budalalıklar, zaaflar, noksanlıklar ve hatalar, tercihen kabilelerin, hiziplerin, ailelerin, bireylerin yahut bizzat toplumun kendisinin ıslah edilmesi amacıyla alaya alınmaktadır. Arapçadaki hicâ’ sözcüğü, muhtemelen İbranicedeki h-g-h kökü ile eşasıllıdır. Hicâ’'nın asli anlamı, “sessizce bir sedayı telaffuz etmek, mırıldanmak, büyülü sözler söylemek ve büyülemek” olabilir. Ayrıca bu sözcüğün “tefekkür” manası da bulunmaktadır. Arap hicvinin kökeni, muhtemelen büyücülüğe dayanmaktadır. Söz konusu büyücülük, herhangi bir kabilenin veya bireyin itibarını zedelemesi umulan bir tür sihirli efsun yahut kâhinlere has bir lanetlemedir. İslam öncesindeki bir Arap yergicisi, kabilesinin kâhinidir. Arap edebiyatının ilk yergisel şiirleri, şeytanlarla ya da cinlerle iletişim kurduğu varsayılan kişilerce, düşmanların yok edilmesi amacıyla terennüm edilmiştir. Hicivcinin muazzam itibarı, büyücü olarak üstlendiği rolden kaynaklanmaktadır. Çünkü onun birincil vazifesi, efsunlu beyitler nazmetmektir. Bu şiirsel tür, erken dönem Arapları tarafından, gerek müstakil ve kısa parçalar halinde gerekse çok temalı bir kasidenin tematik bir bölümü olarak geniş çapta işlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada eski Arap hicvinin doğuşu ve antik yergi gelenekleri ile ilişkisi incelenecektir.
From Family Doctor to Healthentainment: Health Topics in the Italian Public Service from Neo-Television to Post-television
Authors: Leonzi Silvia , Ciofalo Giovanni , Ugolini Lorenzo , Ciammella Fabio
Published: December 2020

The paper analyses health and public health representation within RAI (Radiotelevisione Italiana) programmes in the shift from neo-television to post-television. To this purpose, it presents the result of a qualitative media content analysis on three different RAI programmes, attributable to different television genres and aired in the two periods considered. The analysis shows that in the shift from neo-television to post-television a recurrent genre arose which we call healthentainment: evolving from health representation to health storytelling, this genre integrates varied expert knowledge with new topics and new means of public involvement; flexible regarding information content, it is however firmly science-based.
Don’t Smoke, Take Drink in Moderation, Do Walk a Lot and Do Not Gorge Yourself beyond Your Satiation: Health Education by Television in West Germany from the 1960s to the 1980s
Authors: Vollberg Susanne
Published: December 2020

This article discusses health education through television in West Germany, with a focus on nutrition and physical activity. Public health initiatives on television contributed to the fitness boom of the late 1960s and 1970s that aimed to counterbalance post-war lifestyle changes within the West German population. The article uses individual TV programme formats and campaigns as examples to show that the 1970s marked the beginning of behaviour-oriented health education in West Germany. The ZDF health telemagazine Gesundheitsmagazin Praxis gave advice, for example on proper food and conveyed how the audience was increasingly requested to actively participate, in order to encourage health-conscious behaviour.
Just Say No: Dr Richard I. Evans Efforts to Influence Juvenile Behaviour through US Public Health Programming
Authors: Vinson Emily
Published: December 2020

Television as a means of distributing public health information and influencing health behaviours was recognized even in the earliest days of broadcasting, a natural extension of health messaging on radio and film. This paper examines the place health-focused programming held in the United States’ educational television landscape and the role of Dr Richard I. Evans, social-psychology researcher, who sought to use television to influence the behaviours of youths engaging in “risky” activities.
Assessing Student Learning Across Delivery Modes in Chemistry
Authors:   Lake Region State College, Devils Lake ND USA, Bannier Betsy J. , Boehmer Kory , Brown Cindy , Halvorson Lloyd , Nelson Brandi , Riggin Tammy
Published: December 2020

A comprehensive statistical analysis of shared assessments was conducted using student assessment data (n=152) gathered over a three-semester cycle from three general education chemistry courses taught both online and on-campus at a public, two-year community college in the upper Midwest United States. Item difficulty values, item discrimination values, difficulty ratios were used to evaluate the efficacy of the shared assessment instruments in assessing student learning toward intended course outcomes. Two-sample t-tests were conducted to determine the statistical significance of differences in assessment means by course delivery mode.
Task-Based Technology: Portuguese Language Teaching Practices
Authors:   Faculty of Education (UEx), Badajoz, Spain, Carvalho Joana , Delgado Sixto Cubo , Casado Inmaculada Sánchez
Published: December 2020

As part of a PhD investigation, this presentation aims to reveal the findings on Portuguese as a Non-Native Language (PNNL) teaching practice when using technology to implement other language approaches such as Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT). A mixed research was developed to explain if there was a relation between technology use and the implementation of different language methods and teaching strategies, and also holistic task development. Data was gathered from 101 PNNL teachers, with working experience in and out of Portugal. The results provided evidence that technology was not being used to engage students in active learning and holistic tasks, as TBLT sustains, nor was it being used to develop different language methods and teaching strategies. It has been concluded that PNNL teachers were not using technology in their teaching practice to better implement other language methods, such as TBLT.
The Effects of Accent on English Listening Comprehension in Freshman Students Studying Business English at Phetchabun Rajabhat University
Authors:   Department of Business English, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Phetchabun Rajabhat University, Phetchabun, Thailand, Phomprasert Jeerapan , Grace Ma'ayan
Published: December 2020

Listening has been recognized as one of the most difficult skills in language acquisition and has been the least researched of all four language skills. This has meant listening skills haven't been targeted by teachers and are viewed as a "somewhat neglected and poorly taught aspect of English". This study investigates the English listening ability and the effect of accent on freshman student's ability to comprehend spoken English. The sample group used for this study comprised of 33 students from the Business English Major at Phetchabun Rajabhat University. The results of this study showed that the freshman students studying Business English had a listening ability below the originally expected threshold as well as revealing that students received higher percentages of correct answers when tested using Australian and British accents and lower results when tested using American accents. The results were then analyzed according to the student's backgrounds and exposure to various accents. Correspondingly the results from this study can be used to develop awareness and improve the techniques used to ensure students acquire better English listening abilities and improve the precision and effectiveness of both teaching and learning.
Evaluation of anticonvulsant activity of angiotensin receptor antagonists in an animal model
Authors: Jadhav Asha D. , Jadhav Rakesh R. , Padwal Sudhir L. , Jadhav Swapnil S. , Kale Anand S. , Gade Prakashchandra R.
Published: December 2020

Background: Epilepsy is common chronic disorder in clinical practice and there was some studies which shows brain renin angiotensin system may be involved in upregulation of seizures hence present study was planned to investigate whether angiotensin II AT1 receptor antagonists possess anticonvulsant activity in experimental animals.Methods: The anticonvulsant activity of angiotensin receptor antagonists, losartan (50 mg/kg), telmisartan (30 mg/kg) and candesartan (20 mg/kg), were administered intraperitoneally to the mice and evaluated by using maximum electroshock (MES) and pentylenetetrazol induced seizures (PTZ) seizure methods. The standard was taken as phenytoin for MES and diazepam for PTZ method. Motor impairment of performance was assessed by the inverted screen test and spontaneous motor activity with digital actophotometer.Results: Losartan demonstrated the anticonvulsant efficacy in MES and PTZ models. Telmisartan and candesartan have anticonvulsant activity in MES induced seizures, but did not show protection against pentylenetetrazol induced seizures. Losartan at dose 50 mg/kg prolonged the mean latency to convulsion (p<0.01) and mean number of convulsions also significantly reduced (p<0.05) convulsions in the mice. Telmisartan and candesartan at dose 30 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg respectively showed significant prolongation in mean latency to convulsion (p<0.05). None of the test drugs i.e. angiotensin receptor antagonists showed significant motor impairment.Conclusions: Angiotensin receptor antagonists: losartan, telmisartan and candesartan had showed anticonvulsant activity in PTZ and MES seizure methods. The exact mechanism of action of their anticonvulsant action not precisely known and hence there is more studies need to test it in various other animal anticonvulsant models.
A comparative study on the effect of nebulized budesonide and levosalbutamol versus ipratropium bromide and levosalbutamol in the management of acute asthma in children aged 5-11 years
Authors: Cyril Jose P. , S. Baburaj , Nair Priya S. , Kuruvilla Tinu A. , C. Bobby , Das Lini B.
Published: December 2020

Background: Asthma is a non-communicable chronic inflammatory condition of lung airways. The availability of new diagnostic methods, introduction of a number of drugs, both oral and inhaled has revolutionized management of asthma in children. Goal was to achieve maximum effect with least amount of medication and allowing infrequent use of quick relievers. The present study was, therefore, designed to compare the effectiveness of single dose nebulization with combination of nebulized budesonide and levosalbutamol (group A) versus commonly used ipratropium bromide and levosalbutamol (group B) in children (5-11 years) with mild-moderate exacerbation of asthma.Methods: Was an observational comparative study involving 2 treatment groups of children in age group of (5-11) years, with mild-moderate exacerbation of asthma assessed by peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and pulmonary score (PS).Results: Of 160 children analyzed, post nebulization mean predicted PEFR improved in both of the study groups, and the mean PS decreased in both the groups post nebulization which was statistically significant (p<0.001). But when comparing between the groups, the mean percentage of improvement in predicted PEFR and PS were almost similar.Conclusions: Even though, both the groups gave the same end result the group in which budesonide was used had a higher recovery time with the least number of nebulization.
A rare case of neonatal parotid abscess
Authors: Singh Jatinder , Singh Jaskaran , Bhardwar Vaneeta , Kaur Manmeet
Published: December 2020

Acute suppurative parotitis is not common in children and is exceptionally uncommon in neonates. Most common microorganism isolated is Staphylococcus aureus. We present a 22-day old, full-term, breast-fed, male neonate with a left-sided parotid abscess. The infant displayed a preauricular swelling, pain and redness. Pus discharged from cleared out Stensen's channel on compression of the gland remotely. Early determination and intravenous anti-microbials are the keys to the treatment.
Effects of television viewing on preschoolers-a cross sectional Indian population-based study
Authors: Gandhi Vipulkumar V. , Oswal Jitendra S.
Published: December 2020

Background: Television (TV) viewing creates tremendous influence on daily life; hence concerns have been raised on viewers, especially in preschool age group children. An existing literature has documented significant correlation between TV viewing and various behavior related problems among the other age groups. This study attempted to assess TV viewing habits in preschool children.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out over a period of 2 years at the tertiary health care center and a total of 500 children between 2 to 5 years of age, visiting the center, were included. Pre-validated 32 item questionnaire was used to collect data regarding television viewing habits from parents/guardians. TV viewing >2 hours was considered as excessive as per American academy of pediatrics (AAP) recommendation. Data analysis was done in SPSS version 20 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and statistical differences were computed by ‘chi-square test’ and ‘paired t test’. Results: There was statistically significant association between TV viewing and subject’s behavior. ‘Becoming angry on switching off TV’ was the most protuberant behaviour; followed by ‘imitating TV characters’ among the subjects.  In addition to these effects on food habits, sleep pattern and play activity were also noted with excessive TV viewing group.Conclusions: The current study reported a negative influence of TV viewing on behavior, sleep patterns, food habits and play activities of preschool age children. Parents should implement multipronged strategy like scheduling TV watching duration, limiting child’s total screen time, supervising and guiding child’s TV viewing activities to make better use of television for their children.
Drug therapy and cost analysis of urinary tract infections in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Nepal
Authors: Bastola Naba Raj , Giri Sagarananda , Subedi Kushal , Pandey Bipindra , Adhikari Bibek , Karki Renu
Published: December 2020

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common infection caused by the presence and growth of pathogenic microorganisms within the human urinary system into the lower and upper genito-urinary tract. UTI continues to be major health problems in developing countries like Nepal.

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted from June 2019 to November 2019 in the outpatient and inpatient department of Manipal teaching hospital. The face-to-face interview was adopted in 137 UTI patients with the census sampling technique.  

Results: A total of 137 patients (121 out-patients and 16 in-patients), 82 (59.85%) female, and 55 (40.15%) males were enrolled in which UTI was observed in more than half of the sample in the aged group of 25-54. Escherichia coli was the most common uropathogens isolated whereas dysuria was the most common presenting symptom among the patients. Cefixime 200 mg followed by nitrofurantoin 100 mg was the most commonly prescribed medicine for UTI. Disodium hydrogen 1.40 g oral liquid, pantoprazole 40 mg tablet, and multivitamins were commonly prescribed supportive medications. The empirically prescribed average cost was Nepalese rupee (NRs.) 820.44 whereas the total definitive average cost was NRs. 305.54. The average cost of medical management for in-patients was NRs. 2316.55 including registration, urine analysis, investigation bed charge, and other consumable charges as well as discharge medicine cost.

Conclusions: With lower cost, higher sensitivity, and high prescription, cefixime, and nitrofurantoin could be better drugs for the management of UTI among outpatient department (OPD) patients while ceftriaxone could be better for in-patients.

 
Confounding variables affecting long term results of standard two screw cephalomedullary nail in intertrochanteric fractures of femur
Authors: Shukla Rajeev , Jain Adhir , Mahajan Pranav , Jain Ravikant
Published: December 2020

Background: Inter trochanteric fractures of femur are common fractures in the elderly. The aim of the study was to assess the long-term functional outcome of patients treated with trochanteric fixation nail (TFN) for inter trochanteric femur fractures and to determine variables which affect the final outcome of surgery at the end of five years.

Methods: The study was done at tertiary centre in central India with 152 patients who sustained intertrochanteric femur fracture. The patients were followed up at 6 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years and 5 years after the surgery. The assessment of pain, functional activity, walking ability and range of motion were assessed by Harris hip score at 6 months, 1 year, 2 years and 5 years.

Results: The good/excellent outcome at the end of 5 years was found in 84% of cases. Patients with age less than 65 years and male patients had better outcome at the end of five years. Some of the complications encountered with this type of implant were z effect, delayed union, screw back-out/breakage, varus collapse which affected the final outcome.

Conclusions: TFN is effective treatment technique for inter trochanteric fractures of femur worldwide. There are some complications which can occur with this type of implant in early post-operative period but still long-term follow-up of patients suggested that the fracture pattern, preoperative mobility status, timing of surgery, post op mobilization also plays a key role in determining functional outcome of patients.
Management of commode injuries of Achilles tendon: a newly established tertiary care hospital-based study
Authors: Mir Wajahat Ahmad , Ganaie Javaid Ahmad , Rashid Rasiq , Khan Imran , Qureshi Ab Hai
Published: December 2020

Background: The Achilles tendon is the largest and strongest tendon in the body, formed by the union of gastrocnemius and soleus. Despite its strength, the Achilles tendon is vulnerable to injury, due to its subcutaneous position and the high tensions placed on it. Common mode of Achilles tendon injury nowadays in India is slipping of the foot in Indian type of commode and is often fraught with complications due to the potential contamination of wound at the time of injury. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical outcome and complications of open Achilles tendon injury with an Indian type commode.

Methods: 30 patients who presented with open Achilles tendon injury between the ages of 10 to 55 years were included. All the patients were treated with emergency debridement, thorough washing and primary repair within 24 hours using Krackow technique.

Results: Out of the 30 patients meeting the inclusion criteria, there was 1 case of superficial infection which resolved with antibiotics and serial dressings. Foreign body sensation was present in 3 patients at final follow-up. Hypertrophic scar formation was seen in one patient. There were no cases of re-rupture in our study. Mean ROM at ankle in saggital plane at final follow-up was 66.13 degrees.

Conclusions: Commode injury is the most common cause of open Achilles tendon injury in Indian population. The complications can be minimized by early primary repair and should only be undertaken after thorough washing and debridement under proper antibiotic cover to contain the infection.
Estimation of vitamin D level in low backache cases and their outcome after treatment with vitamin D
Authors: Khanna Mohit , Dahiya Amit , Garg Abhishek , Yadav Umesh , Sheoran Ajay , Dutta Mayank , Singh Lovjot , Sharma Rakesh , . Amit
Published: December 2020

Background: Vitamin D has a significant role to play in bone metabolism and neuromuscular function. Several researchers have indicated that vitamin D deficiency may be possibly related to chronic musculoskeletal pain including chronic low back pain (CLBP). Objectives of this present study were conducted to rule out the vitamin D deficiency in a patient can also be a cause of low backache other than various spinal disorders like PIVD, spondylolisthesis etc.  

Methods: A total of 50 patients, of any age who visited the Department of Orthopedics outpatient/Emergency, with chief complaint of low backache without any low backache disease like PIVD and spondylolisthesis etc. were thoroughly interviewed and examined for any concomitant pathological disease of spine. Patient’s Blood sample of about 5 ml with syringe of 10 cc. were taken and the serum vitamin D level was assayed by “direct competitive chemiluminescence immunoassay” (CLIA).

Results: Out of 50 patients of low backache and vitamin D deficiency, 33 patients have good outcome in their pain after getting treatment in form of Vitamin D.  

Conclusions: We concluded that the vitamin D plays a major role in low backache and after treatment there is significant improvement in low backache.  

 
A systematic review and meta-analysis of pregnancy and COVID-19: Signs and symptoms, laboratory tests, and perinatal outcomes
Authors: Hassanipour Soheil , Bagheri Faradonbeh Saeed , Momeni Khalil , Heidarifard Zahra , Khosousi Mohammad-Javad , Khosousi Leila , Ameri Hosein , Arab-Zozani Morteza
Published: December 2020

Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 appeared in December 2019 in Wuhan, China.
Objective: To investigate the clinical manifestations including signs and symptoms, laboratory results, and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with COVID-19.
Materials and Methods: Scholarly databases such as PubMed via LitCovid hub, Embase, Scopus, Web of sciences, and Google scholar were searched on April 7, 2020. Meta-analysis was performed via comprehensive meta-analysis software using the Mantel-Haenszel method. The event rate with 95% CI was calculated for each variable.
Results: Ten studies were selected. The pooled prevalence for fever, post-partum fever, cough, myalgia, fatigue, dyspnea, sore throat, and diarrhea were 66.8%, 37.1%, 35%, 24.6 %, 14.9%, 14.6%, 11.5%, and 7.6%, respectively. Laboratory test results were 49.8% for lymphopenia, 47.7% for leukocytosis, 83.7% for elevated neutrophil ratio, 57% for elevated C-reactive protein, and 71.4% for decreased lymphocyte ratio. The rate of cesarean section for delivery in all cases was 84%. Of the newborns of the corona positive mothers, only one had a positive test result. Also, there was only one death due to a decreased lymphocyte ratio.
Conclusion: Fever was the most common sign and symptom in pregnant women with COVID-19. Among the laboratory tests, the highest amount was related to elevated neutrophil ratio. It seems that due to the differences between pregnant women and the general population, special measures should be considered to treat these patients.
Key words: COVID-19, Pregnancy, Diagnosis, Signs and symptoms, Meta-analysis.
Analysis of factors associated with ovarian reserve in a group of poor responders to in vitro fertilization: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Wiweko Budi , Fahrizani Afdi Quamila , Kemal Harzif Achmad , Pratama Gita , Sumapradja Kanadi , Muharam Raden , Hestiantoro Andon , Chairani Zakirah Sarah
Published: December 2020

Background: Poor ovarian reserve and a high rate of pregnancy failure associated with low quality and quantity of oocytes are observed in poor responders to in vitro fertilization.
Objective: To assess the effect of age, body mass index (BMI), endometriosis, and history of ovarian surgery on ovarian reserve in a group of poor responders.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study 749 women who referred to Yasmin Clinic of Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital from January 2013 to June 2017 were enrolled. Two definitions of poor responders and Poseidon criteria and consecutive sampling techniques were used. Participants were divided into good and poor responder groups based on the ovarian reserve test; participant with oocyte ≤ 3 was classified as a poor responder. Based on this, 188 participants with nine (4-47) oocytes were included in the poor responder group. While good responder comprised of two (0-3) oocytes.
Results: Age and anti-Mullerian hormone level (AMH) were significantly associated with ovarian reserve in the poor-responder group (p < 0.001). However, in multivariate analyses, age was the only significant predictor of ovarian response in the poor responder group (p = 0.004). While endometriosis was the significant predictor of Poseidon groups 1 and 4, surgical history was the significant predictor of Poseidon groups 2 and 3. Meanwhile, an increase in BMI decreased the risk of classification under Poseidon group 3.
Conclusion: Age, AMH, BMI, endometriosis, and history of ovarian surgery affected the risk of classification of the Poseidon group.
Key words: Ovarian reserve, Poseidon, In vitro fertilization.
Corrigendum to “The effectiveness of counseling based on acceptance and commitment therapy on body image and self-esteem in polycystic ovary syndrome: An RCT” [Int J Reprod BioMed 2020; 18: 243–252]
Authors: Moradi Fatemeh , Ghadiri-Anari Akram , Dehghani Ali , Reza Vaziri Seyed , Enjezab Behnaz
Published: December 2020

This is a Corrigendum to “The effectiveness of counseling based on acceptance and commitment therapy on body image and self-esteem in polycystic ovary syndrome: An RCT” [Int J Reprod BioMed 2020; 18: 243–252].
Sodobni postopki barvanja in barva: Navodila za vaje
Authors: Fakin Darinka , Gorgieva Selestina , Ojstršek Alenka
Published: December 2020

Vaje »Sodobni postopki barvanja in barva« obravnavajo sistematiko in nomenklaturo barvil, fizikalno kemijo barvalnih procesov ter uporabo naprednih materialov in tehnik pri procesu barvanja. Največji del je posvečen posebnim postopkom, ki omogočajo sodoben način barvanja ob istočasnem doseganju višjega nivoja kakovosti tako v smislu ekologije, kot v doseganju več funkcionalnih lastnosti materialov in barvanju z naravnimi barvili. Postopki, ki jih posebej proučujemo so barvanje pri pogojih super kritičnega CO2, barvanje ob souporabi ultrazvoka ali predhodne plazma obdelave in barvanje s funkcionalnimi barvil. Ta vrsta barvil nam omogoča posebnosti kot so: termokromija, fotokromija, elektrokromija, solvatokromija in ostale učinke povezane z uporabo teh barvil.
Conditions for a Thermal Explosion in the Plate under Convective-Radiation Heat Transfer
Authors: Zarubin V.S. , Kuvyrkin G.N. , Savelyeva I.Yu. , Zhuravsky A.V.
Published: December 2020

The processes of obtaining and storing energy-saturated substances are characterized by energy release in their volume. The intensity of this energy release increases with increasing temperature. The stability of the stationary temperature state of a solid with a temperature-dependent intensity of volumetric energy release is directly related to the conditions of heat transfer of this body with the environment. If the heat energy released in the volume of the body can no longer be diverted into the environment, the steady temperature state of the body becomes impossible. The paper studies the conditions for a thermal explosion in a solid in the form of a plate with a temperature-dependent coefficient of thermal conductivity and convective-radiation heat transfer on its surfaces. The statement of the nonlinear problem of steady-state thermal conductivity in the plate is represented by a system of integral relations. The limits of integration of the integrals included in these relations are the desired functions and parameters which determine the temperature state of the plate. A quantitative analysis of these relationships makes it possible to establish the influence of the parameters which determine the intensity of heat transfer and the dependence of the thermal conductivity of the plate material on the conditions for a thermal explosion with an arbitrary law of variation with temperature of the volumetric power of the energy release in the plate. The results of such an analysis are presented in the framework of a one-parameter model of the stationary theory of thermal explosion
Magnetic towing of asteroids using a spacecraft with a solar sail as a propulsion system
Authors: Poluektov R.M.
Published: December 2020

The paper considers the possibility of changing the orbit of potentially dangerous asteroids using the concept of a spacecraft — a magnetic tractor. The described concept is based on the use of a superconducting electromagnet mounted on a spacecraft and a permanent neodymium magnet attached to the surface of an asteroid. The principle of operation of this type of vehicle is similar to the concept of a spacecraft — a gravitational tractor, however, the considered vehicle, in addition to the force of mutual gravitational interaction, uses the force of magnetic attraction as a tug. A solar sail is used as a propulsion system for the type of vehicles under consideration. Within the framework of the work, the analysis of the effectiveness of the use of spacecraft of this type was carried out by modeling the joint motion of the asteroid — spacecraft system for a long time using the example of the change in the orbit of the asteroid Apophis.
Enhancing the durability of cutting carbide tools by controlling the state and properties of its surface layers using complex chemical and thermal treatment
Authors: Bobylyov E.E.
Published: December 2020

A current way of increasing cutting efficiency in the turning operation is applying functional coatings based on carbides, nitrides, carbonitrides, etc. on the cutting tool surface. Most technologies for applying functional coatings are supposed to use technically sophisticated, expensive equipment. In addition, the coatings have a sharp change in properties at the coating-coated material boundary. The technology of diffusion saturation from the medium of low-melting liquid metal melts lacks these disadvantages. The aim of the work was to study the effect of the formation of a coating based on titanium carbide on the surface of a cutting tool made of hard TiC-WC-Co and WC-Co alloys on its wear resistance and the quality of the product surface after turning. The research methods included field tests, micro-x-ray spectral analysis, optical microscopy, and microdurametric tests. The paper presents the results of research of turning of materials of various cutting group using a carbide tool with a functional diffusion coating obtained due to saturation in the melt containing Pb, Bi, Li, Ti. The resulting coatings had a thickness of 3-6 microns, and contributed to an increase in tool life up to 7.4 times compared to the tools with PVD coating and tools without coatings as well as a decrease of the roughness parameter Ra of the treated surface up to 2 times.
Guaranización, sangre entreverada y no-humanos. Apuntes para no delimitar «lo guaraní» en el Ramal jujeño (Argentina)
Authors: Sarra Sonia Elizabeth
Published: December 2020

Este artículo indaga en las formas de socialidad guaraní, humana y no-humana, en la región multiétnica del Ramal de la provincia de Jujuy (noroeste argentino). Específicamente, tiene por objetivo dar cuenta de la fluidez de los límites socioétnicos que distinguen «lo guaraní» de lo que no lo es y la porosidad de los límites ontológicos que separan conjuntos humanos de otros no-humanos. En este texto, postulo la existencia de dos tipos de excesos de lo guaraní en la región que dificultan su encasillamiento y definición. El primero es de orden sociológico en sentido estricto y alude a la imposibilidad de delimitar la identidad guaraní dentro de las comunidades y en función de las personas que explícitamente se identifican como guaraníes. Es preciso ampliar lo guaraní hacia la población local mestiza, de «sangre entreverada» y guaranizada. El segundo exceso es de orden ontológico y se refiere a la ampliación de los lazos de socialidad hacia los pueblos no-humanos donde habitan los antepasados guaraníes, devenidos dueños protectores de entidades delentorno.
Castillo, Gerardo. Local Experiences of Mining in Peru: Social and Spatial Transformations in the Andes. Nueva York: Routledge, 2020, 130 pp. (ISBN 978-0-367-25886-3)
Authors: Damonte Valencia Gerardo
Published: December 2020

El libro Local Experiences of Mining in Peru: Social and Spatial Transformations in the Andes nos muestra cómo las experiencias y representaciones van construyendo y reconstruyendo los sitios mineros. Para ello, el autor nos incorpora a los debates sobre los cambios institucionales, políticos, económicos o culturales que la minería corporativa contemporánea ha impulsado en localidades andinas.
Cambios esperados en las funciones administrativas después de la emergencia sanitaria: estudio en directivos de España y Colombia
Authors: Navia-Núñez Marcela , Stefanu-Lidorikiotu Yanna
Published: December 2020

La enfermedad COVID-19 ha generado una parálisis mundial. Una empresa colombiana y una española analizaron el caso de directivos en la etapa de confinamiento por medio de un estudio asincrónico con el método cualitativo Delphi. En el estudio, participaron encargados de recursos humanos, mercadeo o ambas áreas. Se evaluaron grandes empresas, pequeñas y medianas empresas (pymes), organizaciones sin fines de lucro y agremiaciones ubicadas en España y Colombia. Si bien el objetivo inicial fue estudiar los cambios esperados en las relaciones interpersonales, a medida que los participantes abrieron temas de debate, se abordaron las funciones administrativas, que es el foco del presente  artículo.La función administrativa de planeación ha sido la más afectada por la pandemia. Se encontró que se han extendido otras formas de organización. Tal es el caso del teletrabajo, cuyas dificultades para la interacción y la manera de ejercer su control simultáneo preocupan a los directivos. Por ello, se debe trabajar en lazos de confianza y comunicación. Por otro lado, en el período de cuarentena, se aprendió a tomar decisiones más rápidamente. Con respecto a las expectativas futuras, se espera que los directivos muestren más empatía hacia las necesidades ajenas y que prevalezca la funcionalidad de ellos en el desempeño de las tareas administrativas.
Barras, policías y dirigentes. Sobre el gobierno de la seguridad en el fútbol argentino
Authors: Garriga Zucal José , Murzi Diego , Rosa Sebastián
Published: December 2020

En este artículo proponemos una reflexión sobre el rol del Estado en las formas de regulación de las violencias en el fútbol argentino a partir de un triple pacto que involucra a las «barras», la policía y los dirigentes deportivos. Para ello analizamos las tramas de intercambios entre estos actores. En este recorrido, analizamos la constitución de los modos en que se configura un acuerdo entre las partes que regula las violencias y gestiona la seguridad en el fútbol. En este acuerdo se habilitan la gestión de mercados ilegales y el desarrollo de procesos identitarios. Finalmente, nos interesa reflexionar sobe el rol del Estado en la gestión de la seguridad en el futbol.
Pautas y recomendaciones técnico-jurídicas para la configuración de un canal de denuncias eficaz en organizaciones públicas y privadas. La perspectiva española
Authors: Ballesteros Sánchez Julio
Published: December 2020

Este artículo, parte de una premisa básica: en los últimos años, se han descubierto multitud de casos graves de corrupción que han afectado la credibilidad de las Administraciones públicas, pero también la del sector privado. Sectores como el urbanismo o la contratación pública han sido prolijos en cuanto al acontecimiento de actividades criminales que socavan el buen funcionamiento de la Administración pública y la actividad empresarial con base en la ética y la legalidad. En consecuencia, se considera fundamental implementar mecanismos internos de denuncia para mejorar las organizaciones (públicas y privadas), descubriendo prematuramente conductas ilícitas y, a su vez, identificando a las personas naturales responsables de tales hechos. De la misma manera, para las empresas, la constatación de la eficacia de los canales de denuncia en sede judicial coadyuva a las defensas corporativas en el logro de la exención de la responsabilidad penal. Por ello, desde una perspectiva técnica, se ofrecen pautas y recomendaciones a partir del estudio de distintas regulaciones para el incremento de la eficacia de estos canales y para la reducción de la inseguridad jurídica que acontece en España, ante la parca redacción del Código Penal. Asimismo, se aborda el anonimato, la delación remunerada y la protección del denunciante frente a represalias.
¿Real malicia? Descifrando un estándar foráneo de protección del derecho a la libertad de expresión para su aplicación en Ecuador
Authors: Ortiz Custodio Jose David
Published: December 2020

La Sentencia N° 282-13-JP/19, dictada por la Corte Constitucional del Ecuador, introdujo el estándar de real malicia originado en el caso New York Times Co. vs. Sullivan para analizar las posibles limitaciones al derecho a la libertad de expresión en casos de publicación de hechos falsos y difamatorios sobre temas de interés público. La Corte Constitucional del Ecuador estableció que las personas involucradas en asuntos de interés público tienen a su disposición los mecanismos de réplica o rectificación para defender su reputación frente a la publicación de información que consideren falsa, inexacta o agraviante; y, únicamente en caso de que estos mecanismos resulten insuficientes, podrán acudir a la vía civil en la que se aplicará el estándar de real malicia. Este artículo analiza el origen del estándar de real malicia en el caso New York Times Co. vs. Sullivan con el objeto de identificar su naturaleza y sus finalidades como un escrutinio reforzado para protegerel derecho a la libertad de expresión y el principio de que el debate sobre asuntos públicos debe ser desinhibido, robusto y abierto. Para ello, examina la jurisprudencia de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de los Estados Unidos buscando conocer cuándo se activa la aplicación del estándar de real malicia y cómo deben entenderse sus elementos configurativos, y también reseña las principales críticas al estándar y los problemas prácticos que conlleva su implementación. Finalmente, sobre la base de estos hallazgos, se examina cómo se aplicará el estándar de real malicia en el Ecuador, en perspectiva de la Sentencia N° 282-13-JP/19, dictada por la Corte Constitucional del Ecuador. De esta manera, se realizará un análisis comparativo del ámbito de aplicación y de los elementos configurativos de este estándar foráneo, según el marco legal ecuatoriano.
El rol de las organizaciones de usuarios de agua en el aprovechamiento sostenible de aguas subterráneas en Perú
Authors: Villegas Vega Paul
Published: December 2020

En el presente artículo, el autor analiza la manera en la que las organizaciones de usuarios de agua contribuyen al aprovechamiento sostenible de las aguas subterráneas en el Perú. Para ello, comienza describiendo los instrumentos normativos provistos en el país para la gestión del recurso hídrico en mención y el régimen aplicable para su aprovechamiento por parte de los usuarios de agua, a partir de los cuales se conforman las organizaciones de usuarios de agua; seguido por la presentación de la figura de dichas organizaciones como actores que coadyuvan a la sostenibilidad de las aguas subterráneas y; finaliza con un breve análisis sobre la sostenibilidad de las aguas subterráneas a partir del aprovechamiento por parte de las organizaciones de usuarios de agua.
“¡No mueras, te amo tanto! Pero el cadáver ¡ay! siguió muriendo”: Protecciones específicas, muerte, duelo y derechos humanos en el contexto pandémico
Authors: Vásquez Agüero Piero
Published: December 2020

El presente artículo busca responder la pregunta de cuál ha sido la respuesta del derecho internacional de los derechos humanos y los órganos internacionales de protección a los derechos humanos en la fijación de lineamientos para los Estados frente al fenómeno de la pandemia por COVID-19. El texto plantea que la alta adaptabilidad de las normas de protección del ser humano y los estándares desarrollados en la materia han podido desplegar sus efectos protectores en relación con i) los límites de la adopción de restricciones o suspensiones de derechos humanos para el control epidémico y ii) las disposiciones específicas para el resguardo de los grupos vulnerables. Hacia el final del texto, por la importancia de la materia en el marco de la pandemia, el autor se detiene para referirse de modo específico a la aproximación del derecho internacional de los derechos humanos hacia la muerte, el manejo de cadáveres, el duelo y la participación de las familias en las decisiones sobre la disposición de los cuerpos de sus seres queridos.
Una posición con base metaética respecto del aborto y del concepto de dignidad humana
Authors: Molina Castillo Rafael Horacio
Published: December 2020

Un problema usual en el discurso moral es el riesgo de incurrir en regresiones infinitas. Ello, junto con otras críticas también dirigidas a las disciplinas científicas, motivó la actitud escéptica respecto de la moral aconsejada por varias teorías postmodernas. Tanto la respuesta de la filosofía moral como de la ciencia fue similar: reafirmar la posibilidad de lograr acuerdos de “verdad” o “corrección” mediante la discusión racional, la que implica a su vez un procedimiento reglado para someter teorías a cuestionamientos de la manera más libre posible. En este trabajo el autor pretende destacar algunos elementos del discurso racional que son de uso característico en el discurso práctico, para luego aplicarlo a una discusión sobre el aborto. El propósito central de esta investigación es aportar al análisis de la justificabilidad de la dignidad en el feto. Dicha discusión implica primero la identificación de una teoría de la dignidad que satisfaga apropiadamente la exigencia de universalidad de todo discurso racional, para luego aplicarla a algunos de los argumentos usuales en el debate del aborto.
Un texto teatral oculto de Juan Pablo Forner: la comedia de Los aduladores
Authors: Cañas Murillo Jesús
Published: December 2020

En este artículo se rescata del olvido una las escasas obras teatrales compuestas por Juan Pablo Forner en el siglo XVIII español que hemos conservado, pero de la cual no existían noticias en la actualidad. Se trata de una comedia, Los aduladores, que fue estrenada, póstuma, en Madrid, en el Teatro de la Cruz, en el año 1797. Se estudian diversos aspectos sobre la misma: su conservación en bibliotecas, la transmisión de su texto, su autoría, sus fuentes de composición, las circunstancias de su estreno madrileño, la compañía que se ocupó de su representación, su éxito entre los espectadores y su eco en la prensa de la época. Se reproduce el único artículo que le fue dedicado, con motivo de su estreno, en los periódicos del momento publicados en Madrid, un artículo que apareció impreso en el Memorial literario, en el que se comentaba muy favorablemente su montaje, y se resumía su argumento.
La circulación y lectura de los libros de caballería en el virreinato peruano: dos cuestiones por resolver
Authors: Guibovich Pérez Pedro M.
Published: December 2020

Los libros de caballería fue uno de los géneros literarios más difundidos en el imperio español durante el siglo XVI e inicios del siglo XVII. A pesar de que se ha escrito que circularon y fueron leídos en el virreinato peruano, las evidencias documentales al respecto resultan insuficientes. En esta nota problematizo ambos aspectos a partir de la bibliografía existente y las fuentes documentales.
PERUBAHAN PASAL 7 AYAT (1) UNDANG-UNDANG PERNIKAHAN NO. 1 TAHUN 1974 TERKAIT PENINGKATAN BATASAN USIA PERNIKAHAN DALAM TINJAUAN USHUL FIQH
Authors: Wardani Galuh Retno Setyo , Tamrin Muh. Khusni , Ni’am M. Midrorun , Azizah Noer
Published: December 2020

Meskipun telah resmi diberlakukan menurut hasil keputusan Mahkamah Konstitusi, namun pro kontra terkait dengan revisi pasal 7 ayat (1) undang-undang  No. 1 tahun 1974 masih menjadi topik yang begitu hangat diperbincangkan. Kenyataan bahwa upaya para penentu kebijakan dalam hal menciptakan ketentua-ketentuan demi menghilangkan datangnya kemudaratan adalah perkara yang cukup rumit dan tidak serta merta diterima oleh semua kalangan. Oleh karenanya dalam penelitian ini, penulis mencoba untuk menghimpun argumen pendukung agar supaya revisi undang-undang ini dapat diterima dengan bijak oleh semua golongan. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis kemudian berusaha melakukan klarifikasi dengan revisi undang-undang sebagai objek dan menempatkan ushul fiqh sebagai pisau analisis. Termaktub dalam penelitian ini beberapa dalil-dalil hingga kaidah-kaidah yang kesemuanya menjadi pendukung dan penguat lahirnya revisi undang-undang sebagai upaya untuk memperoleh tujuan haqiqi yakni kemaslahatan umat serta usaha untuk menghilangkan kemudaratan. Problematika usia pernikahan yang menjadi inti bahasan dalam pasal 7 ayat (1) Undang-ndang no. 1 tahun 1974 menjadi pembahsan yang menurut penulis sangat urgent untuk dikupas tuntas menggunakan perspektif hokum islam. Dalam hal ini penulis menspesifikkan dalam tinjauan ushul fiqh. Dalam penelitian ini juga dipaparkan semua komponen bahasan terkait denga revisi undang-undang mulai dari latar belakang adanya revisi sampai kepada diputuskannya peningkatan usia minimal pernikahan melalui Mahkamah Konstitusi. Kemudian penulis memaparkan kaitan eratnya dengan ilmu ushul fiqh dengan menawarkan dalil dan kaidah pendukung, maka ditarik sebuah kesimpulan mendasar bahwa revisi undang-undang tersebut adalah benar dan sama sekali tidak terdapat penyimpangan dari ketentuan agama dalam hal ini hukum islam.
Optimal Power Flow in Direct Current Networks Using the Antlion Optimizer
Authors: Garzon-Rivera O.D , Ocampo J.A , Grisales-Norena L.F , Montoya O.D , Rojas-Montano J.J
Published: December 2020

This document presents a solution method for optimal power flow (OPF) problem in direct current (DC) networks by implementing a master-slave optimization methodology that combines an antlion optimizer (ALO) and a power flow approach based on successive approximation (SA ). In the master stage, the ALO determines the optimal amount of power to be delivered by all the distributed generators (DGs) in order to minimize the total power losses in the distribution lines of the DC network. In slave stage, the power flow problem is solved considering constant power loads and power outputs of DGs as constants. To validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed model, two additional comparative methods were implemented: particle swarm optimization (PSO) and black hole optimization (BHO). Two distribution test feeders (21 and 69 nodes) were simulated under different scenarios of distributed power generation. The simulations, conducted in MATLAB 2018$b$, show that the proposed method (ALO) presents a better balance between power loss minimization and computational time required to find the optimal solution regardless of the size of the DC network.
A Study on A New Type 1 Half-Logistic Family of Distributions and Its Applications
Authors: Alizadeh Morad , Nematollahi Alireza , Altun Emrah , Rasekhi Mahdi
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we propose a new class of continuous distributions with two extra shape parameters called the a new type I half logistic-G family of distributions. Some of important properties including ordinary moments, quantiles, moment generating function, mean deviation, moment of residual life, moment of reversed residual life, order statistics and extreme value are obtained. To estimate the model parameters, the maximum likelihood method is also applied by means of Monte Carlo simulation study. A new location-scale regression model based on the new type I half logistic-Weibull distribution is then introduced. Applications of the proposed family is demonstrated in many fields such as survival analysis and univariate data fitting. Empirical results show that the proposed models provide better fits than other well-known classes of distributions in many application fields.