bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immunogenicity and efficacy of VLA2001 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection in male cynomolgus macaques
Authors: Galhaut Mathilde , Lundberg Urban , Marlin Romain , Schlegl Robert , Seidel Stefan , Bartuschka Ursula , Heindl-Wruss Jürgen , Relouzat Francis , Langlois Sébastien , Dereuddre-Bosquet Nathalie , Morin Julie , Galpin-Lebreau Maxence , Gallouët Anne-Sophie , Gros Wesley , Naninck Thibaut , Pascal Quentin , Chapon Catherine , Mouchain Karine , Fichet Guillaume , Lemaitre Julien , Cavarelli Mariangela , Contreras Vanessa , Legrand Nicolas , Meinke Andreas , Le Grand Roger
Published: April 2024

Background

The fight against COVID-19 requires mass vaccination strategies, and vaccines inducing durable cross-protective responses are still needed. Inactivated vaccines have proven lasting efficacy against many pathogens and good safety records. They contain multiple protein antigens that may improve response breadth and can be easily adapted every year to maintain preparedness for future seasonally emerging variants.

Methods

The vaccine dose was determined using ELISA and pseudoviral particle-based neutralization assay in the mice. The immunogenicity was assessed in the non-human primates with multiplex ELISA, neutralization assays, ELISpot and intracellular staining. The efficacy was demonstrated by viral quantification in fluids using RT-qPCR and respiratory tissue lesions evaluation.

Results

Here we report the immunogenicity and efficacy of VLA2001 in animal models. VLA2001 formulated with alum and the TLR9 agonist CpG 1018™ adjuvant generate a Th1-biased immune response and serum neutralizing antibodies in female BALB/c mice. In male cynomolgus macaques, two injections of VLA2001 are sufficient to induce specific and polyfunctional CD4+ T cell responses, predominantly Th1-biased, and high levels of antibodies neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 infection in cell culture. These antibodies also inhibit the binding of the Spike protein to human ACE2 receptor of several variants of concern most resistant to neutralization. After exposure to a high dose of homologous SARS-CoV-2, vaccinated groups exhibit significant levels of protection from viral replication in the upper and lower respiratory tracts and from lung tissue inflammation.

Conclusions

We demonstrate that the VLA2001 adjuvanted vaccine is immunogenic both in mouse and NHP models and prevent cynomolgus macaques from the viruses responsible of COVID-19.
Meso-scale seabed quantification with geoacoustic inversion
Authors: Sonnemann Tim , Dettmer Jan , Holland Charles W. , Dosso Stan E.
Published: April 2024

Knowledge of sub-seabed geoacoustic properties, for example depth dependent sound speed and porosity, is of importance for a variety of applications. Here, we present a semi-automated geoacoustic inversion method for autonomous underwater vehicle data that objectively adapts model inference to seabed structure. Through parallelized trans-dimensional Bayesian inference, we infer seabed properties along a 12 km survey track on the scale of about 10 cm and 50 m in the vertical and horizontal, respectively. The inferred seabed properties include sound speed, attenuation, density, and porosity as a function of depth from acoustic reflection coefficient data. Parameter uncertainties are quantified, and the seabed properties agree closely with core samples at two control points and the layering structure with an independent sub-bottom seismic survey. Recovering high resolution seabed properties over large areas is shown to be feasible, which could become an important tool for marine industries, navies and oceanic research organizations.
National commitments to Aichi Targets and their implications for monitoring the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework
Authors: Maney Calum , Guaras Daniela , Harrison Jerry , Guizar-Coutiño Alejandro , Harfoot Michael B. J. , Hill Samantha L. L. , Burgess Neil D. , Sutherland William
Published: April 2024

The Convention on Biological Biodiversity (CBD) exists as a major multilateral environmental agreement to safeguard biodiversity and “live in harmony with nature”. To deliver it, strategies and frameworks are set out in regular agreements that are then implemented at the national scale. However, we are not on track to achieve overall goals, and frameworks so far have not been successful. This could be due to unambitious targets, low follow-through on commitments, or desired outcomes for nature not being achieved when action is taken. Here, we focus on national planning and reporting documents from a set of 30% of Parties to the CBD. We found that nearly half of the commitments mentioned in national planning documents did not appear in the Sixth National Reports and that further losses emerged due to measures reported as incomplete or ineffective. There were differences between commitments to each of the Aichi Targets, with more losses in high-profile and “institutionally challenging” Targets. Commitments from Parties in different Human Development Index categories had different outcomes among Targets, and Parties self-identifying as “megadiverse countries” had overall higher rates of reported success. Our results are important for informing the monitoring of commitment implementation in the Kunming-Montreal “global biodiversity package”.
Cu-nanocluster-loaded N-doped porous graphitic carbon for electrochemical CO2 reduction towards syngas generation
Authors: Hu Xuefu , Lu Haiyue , Li Gen , Liao Baicheng , Zhang Xiuli , Chen Liyong
Published: April 2024

In this study, a novel electrocatalyst, namely Cu/N-pg-C derived from Cu-doped ZIF-8, was investigated for making syngas products with various H2/CO ratios.
A novel activation function based on DNA enzyme-free hybridization reaction and its implementation on nonlinear molecular learning systems
Authors: Zou Chengye
Published: April 2024

This paper proposes a molecular multilayer learning system that utilizes a novel activation function to fit and predict multi-input nonlinear functional relationships.
Wheat peptide alleviates DSS-induced colitis by activating the Keap1–Nrf2 signaling pathway and maintaining the integrity of the gut barrier
Authors: Xie Wen-Yin , Ji Zhong-Hao , Ren Wen-Zhi , Zhao Pei-Sen , Wei Fan-Hao , Hu JinPing , Yuan Bao , Gao Wei
Published: April 2024

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is difficult to cure, and formulating a dietary plan is an effective means to prevent and treat this disease.
High-throughput viscoelastic characterization of cells in hyperbolic microchannels
Authors: Reichel Felix , Goswami Ruchi , Girardo Salvatore , Guck Jochen
Published: April 2024

We use hyperbolic microchannels to create a flow field with linearly increasing velocity, leading to a constant tensile stress to probe the viscoelastic properties of cells. We verify our approach on oil droplets and polyacrylamide beads.
Broad-spectrum lignin-based adhesives using thiol–silyl ether crosslinkers
Authors: Bension Yishayah , Zhang Siteng , Menninger Tristan , Ge Ting , Tang Chuanbing
Published: April 2024

Lignin, a renewable feedstock, is functionalized and utilized as adhesives that show good adhesion on a variety of substrates.
High-performance hexaferrite magnets tailored through alignment of shape-controlled nanocomposites
Authors: Eikeland Anna Zink , Gjørup Frederik Holm , Andersen Henrik Lyder , Christensen Mogens
Published: April 2024

Nanocrystallites of strontium hexaferrite were prepared by autoclave and solid-salt-matrix synthesis and mixed in different ratios. The spark plasma sintered composite revealed enhanced magnetic properties.
An experimental investigation into the rheological behavior and filtration loss properties of water-based drilling fluid enhanced with a polyethyleneimine-grafted graphene oxide nanocomposite
Authors: Abdullah Abdul Hazim , Ridha Syahrir , Mohshim Dzeti Farhah , Maoinser Mohd Azuwan
Published: April 2024

The assessment of the impact of polyethyleneimine-grafted graphene oxide (PEI-GO) nanocomposite on rheological and filtration loss properties offers fresh perspectives on its potential as an additive in water-based drilling fluids applications.
A microenvironment-sensitive red emissive probe with a large Stokes shift for specific recognition and quantification of serum albumin in complex biofluids and live cells
Authors: Sasmal Mihir , Islam Abu Saleh Musha , Moni Dolan , Katarkar Atul , Ali Mahammad
Published: April 2024

An ICT-based microenvironment-sensitive fluorescence probe, DCI-MIN demonstrates its utility for the specific recognition and quantification of HSA in human urine and blood samples as well as the serum albumin in living cells.
Low-valent-tungsten catalysis enables hydroboration of esters and nitriles
Authors: Song Heng , Xiao Yuting , Wei Jingjing , Liu Yuzan , Yang Liqing , Bai Pengtao , Yang Fu , Yu Kai , Xu Chen , Cai Xingwei
Published: April 2024

In the research presented herein, low-valent-tungsten-catalyzed hydroboration of esters and nitriles was investigated.
Photo-induced phosphorylation/cyclization of N-homoallyl and N-allyl aldehyde hydrazones to access phosphorylated tetrahydropyridazines and dihydropyrazoles
Authors: Liu Lingli , Wu Yechun , Xiang Chengli , Yu Jin-Tao , Pan Changduo
Published: April 2024

A visible-light-induced carbophosphorylation/cyclization of N-homoallyl and N-allyl aldehyde hydrazones with phosphine oxides was developed to obtain phosphorylated tetrahydropyridazines and dihydropyrazoles.
Antifouling binary liquid-infused membranes for biological sample pretreatment
Authors: Dong Ying , Li Jing , Huang Chuixiu
Published: April 2024

Antifouling binary liquid-infused membranes can efficiently separate drug molecules from blood upon applying a voltage.
Enhancement of NiTiO3 piezocatalytic hydrogen evolution by doping with large radius elements
Authors: Li Kongming , Li Bonan , Zhang Xi , Wu Junhao , Chen Mengxue , Feng Pengfei , Yang Xu , Zhang Meiyu , Ding Yong
Published: April 2024

Piezocatalysis is a direct method for converting mechanical vibration into chemical energy.
Phosphate-rich cellulose beads for efficient cesium extraction from aqueous solutions: a novel approach for cellulose utilization
Authors: Zhao Weilian , Wei Mingming , Ma Lichun , Deng Tianlong , Hu Jiayin
Published: April 2024

In this work, phosphate-rich cellulose beads (CBPs) were first used for cesium extraction from aqueous solutions.
Ratiometric determination of etomidate based on an albumin-based indicator displacement assay (IDA)
Authors: Zhao Yutian , Guo Yanan , Xu Zhongyong , Lv Taoyuze , Wang Lei , Li Mingle , Chen Xiaoqiang , Liu Bin , Peng Xiaojun
Published: April 2024

The first fluorescent sensor based on the indicator displacement assay (IDA) for on-site determination of etomidate.
Photoredox-catalyzed carbonylative acylation of styrenes with Hantzsch esters
Authors: Li Qiangwei , Wang Le-Cheng , Bao Zhi-Peng , Wu Xiao-Feng
Published: April 2024

A three-component carbonylation that provides a new method for the synthesis of ketones from Hantzsch esters has been developed.
Highly efficient and durable P, Ru–CeO2 self-supporting electrodes toward industrial-level hydrogen production
Authors: Ma Wenguang , Yang Xiaodong , Xu Yanru , Li Cuncheng , Sun Yiqiang , Shen Qi , Sun Zhixin
Published: April 2024

The electrolysis of seawater has become a preferred method for hydrogen production since the current shortage of freshwater resources, offering an effective strategy to address the energy crisis.
Electronic structure and transport in the potential Luttinger liquids CsNb3Br7S and RbNb3Br7S
Authors: Grahlow Fabian , Strauß Fabian , Scheele Marcus , Ströbele Markus , Carta Alberto , Weber Sophie F. , Kroeker Scott , Romao Carl P. , Meyer H.-Jürgen
Published: April 2024

The quasi-one-dimensional structure of ANb3Br7S (A = Cs, Rb) appears in the form of flexible, fraying rods. Electronic measurements and calculations indicate Luttinger-liquid-like behaviour.
Automatic image processing of cavitation bubbles to analyze the properties of petroleum products
Authors: Aliev Timur , Korolev Ilya , Burdulenko Olga , Alchinova Ekaterina , Subbota Anton , Yasnov Mikhail , Nosonovsky Michael , Skorb Ekaterina V.
Published: April 2024

Machine-vision analysis of a frame with a gas bubble in the resonance mode (n = 8).
Tunable zinc benzamidinate complexes: coordination modes and catalytic activity in the ring-opening polymerization of l-lactide
Authors: Chang Chen-Chieh , Chen Ming-Tsz , Huang Tzu-Lun , Chen Chi-Tien
Published: April 2024

Seven asymmetric zinc benzamidinate complexes featuring or lacking side-arm functionalities were synthesized.
Exploring spin states and ligand field splitting in metal complexes: a theoretical analysis of spin–orbital interactions and magnetic properties
Authors: Ishii Tomohiko , Ogasawara Kazuyoshi , Sakane Genta
Published: April 2024

2D Spectrochemical series for predicting a magnitude of the ligand field splitting in six-coordinated octahedral metal complexes ML6.
Reactions of (mesityl)n(methyl)2−nsilylene complexes with pyridine-N-oxide (n = 1 and 0): formation of silanone complexes and a disiloxanyloxy complex
Authors: Muraoka Takako , Ishita Taichi , Kawachi Kosuke , Nishio Takuya , Ishihara Hiroto , Ueno Keiji
Published: April 2024

A silanone tungsten complex with Mes(Me) substituents (Mes: 2,4,6-Me3C6H2) was obtained.
Strong thickness dependence in thin film photocatalytic heterojunctions: the ZnO–Bi2O3 case study
Authors: Bernal-Díaz Alberto , Hernández-Gordillo Agileo , Alonso Juan Carlos , Rodil Sandra E. , Bizarro Monserrat
Published: April 2024

In thin film heterojunctions, the photocatalytic activity is strongly influenced by the deposition order and the thickness of each layer as different reactive species can be formed. Under certain conditions a synergistic effect can be achieved even under visible light.
Waste iron-based disposable chemical warmer derived electrocatalyst for water splitting
Authors: Bejigo Keyru Serbara , Saravanan Raaju Sundhar Arul , Bhunia Kousik , Kim Sang-Jae
Published: April 2024

The waste chemical heat pack was recycled into a mixed-phase Fe/Fe3O4/NC catalyst. This catalyst demonstrates excellent performance in both the OER and HER, attributed to the synergistic effects of metallic iron, magnetite, and nitrogen doping.
Thermoelectric transport in Weyl semimetals under a uniform concentration of torsional dislocations
Authors: Bonilla Daniel A. , Muñoz Enrique
Published: April 2024

Thermoelectric transport coefficients in transition metal monopnictides with a uniform concentration of torsional dislocations.
Ruthenium complexes of redox non-innocent aryl-azo-oximes for catalytic α-alkylation of ketones and synthesis of 2-substituted quinolines
Authors: Halder Supriyo , Naskar Srijita , Jana Debashis , Kanrar Gopal , Pramanik Kausikisankar , Ganguly Sanjib
Published: April 2024

In this work we demonstrated the synthesis, characterisation and catalytic applications of Ru(ii)–azooximato complexes. This is the first report where arylazooximato complexes of a transition metal are used in catalytic C–C bond formation reactions.
A high flux ultrafiltration membrane with a multi-hydrophilic particle additive and controlled self-assembly of micellar particles
Authors: Guo Dongli , Yin Zehua , Zhang Mingyu , Hadi Mohammed Kamal , Sun Zhijiang , Yao Tao , Ran Fen
Published: April 2024

A tri-block-copolymer and dopamine hydrochloride were processed through micellization then mixed with high molecular weight PVP to modify PES membranes, yielding excellent membrane performance in terms of permeability and high pollutant rejection.
Ni–Co alloys via controlled pyrolysis of NiCo–MOF as heterogeneous hydrogenation catalysts
Authors: Deng Lidan , Liu Xingwang , Chen Chong , Wang Lu , Liu Fan , Zhang Jie
Published: April 2024

The pyrolysis in H2 at lower temperatures can obtain MNP/MOF with more complete MOFs structure and dispersed Ni–Co alloy nanoparticles, which display significantly better activity for the hydrogenation of toluene to methylcyclohexane.
NaBH4 reduced Mn-doped cobalt tetroxide R-MnxCo3−xO4 catalysts with plentiful oxygen vacancies for HCHO oxidation at low temperature
Authors: Yan Gang , Du Xiaojun , Guo Xiangwei , Cao Xuzheng , Shi Hongfei
Published: April 2024

Reduced Mn-doped R-MnxCo3−xO4 catalyst was synthesized. The catalyst has high catalytic oxidation performance for HCHO. Abundant oxygen vacancies enable R-MnxCo3−xO4 to absorb more reactive oxygen species, improving the catalytic oxidation activity.
Ligand-assisted solvothermal precipitation synthesis of quantum-sized SnO2 nanoparticles and their application in quantum dot light emitting diodes
Authors: Gao Jiaxin , Liu Mengxin , Shi Xinan , Pan Daocheng
Published: April 2024

Quantum dot-light emitting diodes with an external quantum efficiency of 12.9% are fabricated based on quantum sized SnO2 nanoparticles as electron transportation layers.
NiCrO/MCu111 interface sites for synergistic catalysis of water splitting
Authors: Mu Tonghui , Tian Dongxu
Published: April 2024

Oxide–metal interface sites with multimetallic composition and the tuned electronic structure achieving outstanding HER activity.
Dehydrative alkynylation of 3-hydroxyisoindolinones with terminal alkynes for the synthesis of 3-alkynylated 3,3-disubstituted isoindolinones
Authors: Yang Kai-Cheng , Zheng Shi-Lu , Wen Zhong , Zhang Yu-Shan , Ni Hai-Liang , Chen Long
Published: April 2024

A HOTf or Fe(OTf)3-catalyzed dehydrative alkynylation of 3-hydroxyisoindolinones with terminal alkynes was developed, which represents a brand-new procedure for the synthesis of 3-alkynylated 3,3-disubstituted isoindolinones.
Correlations between the anti-corrosion properties and the photocatalytic behavior of epoxy coatings incorporating modified graphene oxide deposited on a zinc substrate
Authors: Ovari Tamara-Rita , Trufán Boglárka , Katona Gabriel , Szabó Gabriella , Muresan Liana Maria
Published: April 2024

Modified GO NPs were added to EP coatings on Zn to study their electrochemical, photocatalytic, and morphological properties. The Zn/EP-GO-APTES system showed the best organic pollutant degradation, keeping good corrosion resistance and adhesion.
Structure–property–performance relationship of vanadium- and manganese-based metal–organic frameworks and their derivatives for energy storage and conversion applications
Authors: Abazari Reza , Sanati Soheila , Nanjundan Ashok Kumar , Wang Qiyou , Dubal Deepak P. , Liu Min
Published: April 2024

The current review discusses on vanadium- and manganese-based metal–organic frameworks and their derivatives for energy storage and conversion applications along with the potential future advancements in these fields.
Chromium tetraphosphide (CrP4) as a high-performance anode for Li ion and Na ion batteries
Authors: Lee Jongwon , Lee Doyeon , Kim Kyeong-Ho , Hong Seong-Hyeon
Published: April 2024

The CrP4 nanoparticles and CrP4/C nanocomposite were synthesized via high-energy mechanical milling and applied as anodes for LIBs and SIBs.
Mixed-phase titania foams via 3D-printing for pharmaceutical degradation
Authors: Warren Zachary , Guaraldo Thais Tasso , Barisic Ivan , Zoumpouli Garyfalia A. , Wenk Jannis , Mattia Davide
Published: April 2024

3D printed titania foams were used to degrade organic micropollutants in a photocatalytic flow reactor.
Cancer nutritional-immunotherapy with NIR-II laser-controlled ATP release based on material repurposing strategy
Authors: Lu Jingsong , Wang Yupei , Gao Xiaohan , Li Ying , Ufurahi-Pambe Neema , Fahad Abdul , Jin Zeping , He Zhijun , Guo Zhenhu , Xie Wensheng , Wang Shi , Sun Xiaodan , Wang Xiumei , Yu Jing , Che Shenglei , Zhang Guifeng , Wei Yen , Zhao Lingyun
Published: April 2024

Material repurposing is proposed where the performance of carbonyl iron powder (CIP), a nutritional intervention agent of iron supplement approved by the US FDA for iron deficiency anemia in clinic, was explored in anti-cancer treatment.
The isomeric effect of thienopyridazine-based iridium complexes
Authors: Zhang Jia-Ling , Zhang Fu-Jun , Xu Hui-Hui , Li Zheng-Ze , Sheng Ren , Zhang Qian-Feng , Tong Bi-Hai , Chen Ping , Kong Hui
Published: April 2024

Complex IrM exhibited a high PLQY of 0.99, a Td of 425 °C and a peak EQE of 26.7%.
Realization of highly efficient organic emitting diodes using thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials with fast reverse intersystem crossing
Authors: Zhao Song , Yang Tingting , Xu Huixia , Wang Feng , Peng Yali , Du Yuqin , Chen Kang , Miao Yanqin , Wang Hua
Published: April 2024

Three TADF emitters with hydrogen bonds are designed and synthesized. The rate constant of reverse intersystem crossing is enhanced. The external quantum efficiency reaches 25.1% with blue emission peaks at 480 nm.
Metabolic reprogramming of the retinal pigment epithelium by cytokines associated with age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Hansman David S. , Ma Yuefang , Thomas Daniel , Smith Justine R. , Casson Robert J. , Peet Daniel J.
Published: April 2024

The complex metabolic relationship between the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptors is essential for maintaining retinal health. Recent evidence indicates the RPE acts as an adjacent lactate sink, suppressing glycolysis in the epithelium in order to maximize glycolysis in the photoreceptors. Dysregulated metabolism within the RPE has been implicated in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of vision loss. In the present study, we investigate the effects of four cytokines associated with AMD, TNFα, TGF-β2, IL-6, and IL-1β, as well as a cocktail containing all four cytokines, on RPE metabolism using ARPE-19 cells, primary human RPE cells, and ex vivo rat eyecups. Strikingly, we found cytokine-specific changes in numerous metabolic markers including lactate production, glucose consumption, extracellular acidification rate, and oxygen consumption rate accompanied by increases in total mitochondrial volume and ATP production. Together, all four cytokines could potently override the constitutive suppression of glycolysis in the RPE, through a mechanism independent of PI3K/AKT, MEK/ERK, or NF-κB. Finally, we observed changes in glycolytic gene expression with cytokine treatment, including in lactate dehydrogenase subunit and glucose transporter expression. Our findings provide new insights into the metabolic changes in the RPE under inflammatory conditions and highlight potential therapeutic targets for AMD.
The radiologist as a physician – artificial intelligence as a way to overcome tension between the patient, technology, and referring physicians – a narrative review
Authors: Stueckle Christoph Alexander , Haage Patrick
Published: April 2024

Background Large volumes of data increasing over time lead to a shortage of radiologistsʼ time. The use of systems based on artificial intelligence (AI) offers opportunities to relieve the burden on radiologists. The AI systems are usually optimized for a radiological area. Radiologists must understand the basic features of its technical function in order to be able to assess the weaknesses and possible errors of the system and use the strengths of the system. This “explainability” creates trust in an AI system and shows its limits.

Method Based on an expanded Medline search for the key words “radiology, artificial intelligence, referring physician interaction, patient interaction, job satisfaction, communication of findings, expectations”, subjective additional relevant articles were considered for this narrative review.

Results The use of AI is well advanced, especially in radiology. The programmer should provide the radiologist with clear explanations as to how the system works. All systems on the market have strengths and weaknesses. Some of the optimizations are unintentionally specific, as they are often adapted too precisely to a certain environment that often does not exist in practice – this is known as “overfitting”. It should also be noted that there are specific weak points in the systems, so-called “adversarial examples”, which lead to fatal misdiagnoses by the AI even though these cannot be visually distinguished from an unremarkable finding by the radiologist. The user must know which diseases the system is trained for, which organ systems are recognized and taken into account by the AI, and, accordingly, which are not properly assessed. This means that the user can and must critically review the results and adjust the findings if necessary. Correctly applied AI can result in a time savings for the radiologist. If he knows how the system works, he only has to spend a short amount of time checking the results. The time saved can be used for communication with patients and referring physicians and thus contribute to higher job satisfaction.

Conclusion Radiology is a constantly evolving specialty with enormous responsibility, as radiologists often make the diagnosis to be treated. AI-supported systems should be used consistently to provide relief and support. Radiologists need to know the strengths, weaknesses, and areas of application of these AI systems in order to save time. The time gained can be used for communication with patients and referring physicians.

Key Points 

Citation Format
Patient Perspectives on Outpatient versus Inpatient Cervical Ripening for Induction of Labor
Authors: Watters Amber , Ekpe Etoroabasi , Okafor Annette , Donelan Emily
Published: April 2024

Objective Our objective was to compare patient perceived control and experience with outpatient versus inpatient cervical ripening.

Study Design This is a retrospective mixed-methods analysis of a quality improvement initiative focused on the impact to patients of incorporating outpatient cervical ripening into routine practice. Postpartum inpatients who had elected for outpatient cervical ripening (outpatients) and those who met criteria for outpatient cervical ripening but opted for an inpatient setting (inpatients) were invited to participate in the study. Patients completed the Perceived Control in Childbirth Scale, and scores were compared between outpatient and inpatient groups using Mann–Whitney U test. In addition, semistructured questions elicited feedback prior to hospital discharge, and these qualitative data were analyzed using iterative thematic analysis.

Results The study population consisted of 36 outpatients and 38 inpatients. The median score on the Perceived Control in Childbirth Scale was 69 for outpatients and 67 for inpatients (p-value = 0.49), out of a maximum score of 72 (representing the highest level of perceived control). Both groups reported similarly high levels of perceived control, regardless of cervical ripening setting. In the qualitative analysis, pain was the most common theme in both groups. Inpatients reported more distress despite access to stronger pain medications. Outpatients utilized a variety of distraction techniques and expressed gratitude for their setting more than inpatients.

Conclusion Outpatient cervical ripening can be a patient-centered solution to obstetric throughput challenges arising from increased numbers of inductions. Those who underwent outpatient cervical ripening had similar perceived control to those who underwent inpatient cervical ripening, suggesting that individual patient preferences are most important in determining the optimal setting for care. The patients' reported experiences identified focus areas for process improvement efforts and future research, including improving patient education regarding expectations and innovating new pain management strategies for cervical ripening.

Key Points
Comparing Fetal Ultrasound Biometric Measurements to Neonatal Anthropometry at the Extremes of Birth Weight
Authors: Gleason Jessica L. , Hediger Mary L. , Chen Zhen , Grewal Jagteshwar , Newman Roger , Grobman William A. , Owen John , Grantz Katherine L.
Published: April 2024

Objective Error in birthweight prediction by sonographic estimated fetal weight (EFW) has clinical implications, such as avoidable cesarean or misclassification of fetal risk in labor. We aimed to evaluate optimal timing of ultrasound and which fetal measurements contribute to error in fetal ultrasound estimations of birth size at the extremes of birthweight.

Study Design We compared differences in head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), femur length, and EFW between ultrasound and corresponding birth measurements within 14 (n = 1,290) and 7 (n = 617) days of birth for small- (SGA, <10th percentile), appropriate- (AGA, 10th–90th), and large-for-gestational age (LGA, >90th) newborns.

Results Average differences between EFW and birthweight for SGA neonates were: −40.2 g (confidence interval [CI]: −82.1, 1.6) at 14 days versus 13.6 g (CI: −52.4, 79.7) at 7 days; for AGA, −122.4 g (−139.6, −105.1) at 14 days versus −27.2 g (−50.4, −4.0) at 7 days; and for LGA, −242.8 g (−306.5, −179.1) at 14 days versus −72.1 g (−152.0, 7.9) at 7 days. Differences between fetal and neonatal HC were larger at 14 versus 7 days, and similar to patterns for EFW and birthweight, differences were the largest for LGA at both intervals. In contrast, differences between fetal and neonatal AC were larger at 7 versus 14 days, suggesting larger error in AC estimation closer to birth.

Conclusion Using a standardized ultrasound protocol, SGA neonates had ultrasound measurements closer to actual birth measurements compared with AGA or LGA neonates. LGA neonates had the largest differences between fetal and neonatal size, with measurements 14 days from delivery showing 3- to 4-fold greater differences from birthweight. Differences in EFW and birthweight may not be explained by a single fetal measurement; whether estimation may be improved by incorporation of other knowable factors should be evaluated in future research.

Key Points
Association Between Remnant Cholesterol and Risk of Hyperuricemia: A
Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Wang Zhaoxiang , Wu Menghuan , Yan Han , Zhong Shao , Xu Ruijun , Zhao Zhiyong , Yang Qichao
Published: April 2024

Remnant cholesterol (RC) is closely related to metabolic diseases. Our study aims
to explore the relationship between RC and hyperuricemia. This cross-sectional
study included 14 568 adults aged 20 years or older from the National Health and
Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2007 and 2018 in the
United States. RC is calculated by subtracting high-density lipoprotein
cholesterol (HDL-c) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) from total
cholesterol (TC). Hyperuricemia is defined by serum uric acid (SUA)
levels≥7 mg/dl in men and≥6 mg/dl in women. The independent association between
RC and hyperuricemia was evaluated. As the quartile range of RC levels
increases, the prevalence of hyperuricemia also rises (7.84% vs. 13.71% vs.
18.61% vs. 26.24%, p<0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors, the
fourth quartile of RC was associated with an increased risk of hyperuricemia
compared with the first quartile (OR=2.942, 95% CI 2.473–3.502, p<0.001).
Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis shows that RC outperforms other
single lipid indices in hyperuricemia. Further Restricted Cubic Splines (RCS)
analysis suggests a nonlinear relationship between RC levels and hyperuricemia.
Elevated RC levels were found to be linked to hyperuricemia. Further studies on
RC hold promise for both preventing and addressing hyperuricemia.
Determining magnetic properties of high entropy alloys by molar volume difference predicted by machine learning
Authors: Lin Min , Zhao Rongzhi , Liao Yijun , Li Yixing , Zhang Xuefeng
Published: April 2024

Magnetic high entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted intensive attention for applications in functional devices, ascribed to the vast composition space for designing properties. However, a large number of experiments are needed for designing magnetic HEAs with identified properties by connecting the complex relationship between composition and properties. Herein, we proposed the importance of molar volume difference in determining magnetic properties of five-element HEAs by using machine learning (ML). The database is established first, and feature parameters connected with compositions and experimental factors are chosen as the input values of ML. ML is performed by using extreme gradient boosting and random forest algorithms, which all present acceptable training results for predicting the saturation magnetization and coercivity. It is found that the molar volume difference plays a key role in determining both saturation magnetization and coercivity after calculating the feature importance. Our results could give some tips for the experimental design of magnetic HEAs, and the method can be extended to predict the comprehensive performance of magnetic HEAs by improving the dataset.
On the vanishing viscosity limit for the viscous and resistive 3D magnetohydrodynamic system with axisymmetric data
Authors: Maafa Youssouf , Melkemi Oussama
Published: April 2024

The current paper aims to explore the three-dimensional axisymmetric viscous and resistive magnetohydrodynamic system. This article is concerned with two outcomes, in the first result we prove the global existence of a unique solution for this system under initial data lying in the Sobolev spaces Hs × Hs−2 with s>52, furthermore, we obtain uniform estimates with respect to the viscosity. The second outcome shows that the viscous and resistive solutions (vμ,bμ)μ>0 strongly converge to the non-viscous one (v, b). This convergence is performed in the space L∞(R+,Hs−2×Hs−2), also we obtain that the rate of convergence is (μt).
The influence of pulse frequency on the energy evolution law and rock-breaking effect of pulsed abrasive water jet
Authors: Wei Jianping , Du Yang , Liu Yong , Wang Mengyuan , Zhao Lizhen
Published: April 2024

Compared to continuous abrasive jet and high-pressure water jet, pulsed abrasive water jet can intermittently generate high water hammer pressure and is commonly used in applications such as coal mining and petroleum engineering for rock-breaking purposes. Pulse frequency is one of the key factors affecting the evolution of abrasive acceleration and jet impact energy, thereby influencing the system's energy transfer efficiency and cutting ability. The equation of motion for abrasive acceleration is established based on the two-phase flow theory, and the variation law of abrasive velocity with pulse frequency is solved. Fluent-EDEM (Extended Discrete Element Method) was used to simulate the abrasive water jet flow field structure and abrasive acceleration process under different pulse frequency conditions, and the intrinsic influence mechanism of pulse frequency on impact energy was clarified. Combined with rock-breaking experiments using pulsed abrasive water jets, the following conclusions are drawn: as the pulse frequency increases, the inertia of the abrasive makes it unable to respond in a timely manner to the high pulsation frequency of water, resulting in a reduction in the exchange rate of intermittent energy and a gradual decrease in the maximum velocity of the abrasive. This trend is more pronounced at a higher pulse frequency. Within the same time period, the cumulative impact energy of the pulsed abrasive water jet decreases first and then increases with the increase in pulse frequency, indicating the existence of an optimal impact frequency that maximizes the cumulative impact energy of the pulsed abrasive water jet. Under fixed jet pressure conditions and the same erosion time, the pulsed abrasive water jet with a frequency of 30 Hz exhibits the best rock-breaking capability.
An Eulerian–Lagrangian particle method for weakly compressible viscous flows using peridynamic differential operator
Authors: Chang Haocheng , Chen Airong , Ma Rujin , Kareem Ahsan , Hu Liang
Published: April 2024

This study proposes a peridynamic differential operator (PDDO)-based Eulerian–Lagrangian hybrid particle method for weakly compressible viscous flows. The PDDO is utilized to transform the governing partial differential equations into their integral form; hence, the issue of local non-differentiability is eliminated. Both the Eulerian and Lagrangian formulations of particle methods for solving the governing integral equations are derived and then combined to propose the hybrid method. In the proposed method, the Eulerian and Lagrangian formulation is utilized to solve the governing equations in the inner computational domain and in areas with free surfaces, respectively. The results of these two domains are then merged to arrive at the solution. In such a way, the hybrid particle method effectively balances the computational demands and applicability. The numerical stability and interpolation consistency of the proposed method are shown by introducing the laminar viscosity model. A detailed numerical procedure is provided involving the boundary conditions and time-stepping strategy. The proposed method is validated by several benchmark problems. Furthermore, the method was applied to several benchmark problems including the hydrostatic test, Taylor–Green vortex, and numerical wave generation. The results of these numerical examples suggest that the proposed method is computationally less demanding while maintaining accuracy.
Atoms as words: A novel approach to deciphering material properties using NLP-inspired machine learning on crystallographic information files (CIFs)
Authors: Yadav Lalit
Published: April 2024

In condensed matter physics and materials science, predicting material properties necessitates understanding intricate many-body interactions. Conventional methods such as density functional theory and molecular dynamics often resort to simplifying approximations and are computationally expensive. Meanwhile, recent machine learning methods use handcrafted descriptors for material representation, which sometimes neglect vital crystallographic information and are often limited to single property prediction or a sub-class of crystal structures. In this study, we pioneer an unsupervised strategy, drawing inspiration from natural language processing to harness the underutilized potential of Crystallographic Information Files (CIFs). We conceptualize atoms and atomic positions within a crystallographic information file similarly to words in textual content. Using a Word2Vec-inspired technique, we produce atomic embeddings that capture intricate atomic relationships. Our model, CIFSemantics, trained on the extensive material project dataset, adeptly predicts 15 distinct material properties from the CIFs. Its performance rivals that of specialized models, marking a significant step forward in material property predictions.
High-resolution particle-in-cell simulations of two-dimensional Bernstein–Greene–Kruskal modes
Authors: McClung J. , Franciscovich M. T. , Germaschewski K. , Ng C. S.
Published: April 2024

We present two-dimensional (2D) particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations of 2D Bernstein–Greene–Kruskal modes, which are exact nonlinear steady-state solutions of the Vlasov–Poisson equations, on a 2D plane perpendicular to a background magnetic field, with a cylindrically symmetric electric potential localized on the plane. PIC simulations are initialized using analytic electron distributions and electric potentials from the theory. We confirm the validity of such solutions using high-resolutions up to a 20482 grid. We show that the solutions are dynamically stable for a stronger background magnetic field, while keeping other parameters of the model fixed, but become unstable when the field strength is weaker than a certain value. When a mode becomes unstable, we observe that the instability begins with the excitation of azimuthal electrostatic waves that ends with a spiral pattern.
A Hamiltonian theory for nonlinear resonant wave–particle interaction in weakly inhomogeneous magnetic field
Authors: Zheng Jiangshan , Wang Ge , Li Bo
Published: April 2024

We develop a Hamiltonian theory for the nonlinear resonant interactions between energetic particles and nonlinear frequency chirping waves in the weakly inhomogeneous magnetic field. A canonical transformation is constructed to separate the fast and slowly varying scales, and the Hamiltonian of the resonant particle is transformed to the local resonance reference frames. The Vlasov equation of the local distribution function moving at the local resonance velocity is obtained using Liouville's theorem. The evolution for the slowly varying wave envelope is derived from the Ampère's law with both cold plasma and energetic particle currents. The Vlasov equation coupled with the wave envelope equation self-consistently describes the dynamics of the deeply trapped resonant particles and the slowly varying coherent wave envelope. The application of the theory to the frequency chirping chorus wave in magnetospheric plasmas is also discussed.
Analytical correction for direct detection in the retrieval of gas spectral lines measured with superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixer
Authors: Semenov Alexej D. , Wienold Martin , Sidorova Mariia , Hübers Heinz-Wilhelm
Published: April 2024

We present a method by which the direct detection effect in superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixers can be analytically accounted for with sufficient practical accuracy. This is achieved by means of the advanced uniform, non-linear two-temperature model that considers the effective temperatures of electrons and phonons alongside established material parameters. We demonstrate the efficacy of this approach for the ex situ correction of the radiance of the emission line of atomic oxygen under conditions when the direct detection causes a 30% error in the line magnitude. The correction was applied to data collected by a balloon-borne heterodyne receiver operating in the upper atmosphere of Earth. The corrected line shape and magnitude are in reasonable agreement with the predictions of atmospheric radiation transfer models.
Static and dynamic magnetic behavior of YBCO/Co/IrMn heterostructures
Authors: Sousa M. A. , Honorato A. , Liu Liying , Merino I. L. C. , Pessoa M. S. , Morais P. C. , Litterst F. J. , Passamani E. C. , Fontes M. B. , Baggio-Saitovitch E.
Published: April 2024

The effect of the YBCO superconducting (SC) state on the magnetic properties of as-grown YBCO/Co/IrMn heterostructures has been systematically studied using magnetometry and ferromagnetic resonance. The obtained data showed that the superconductivity of the YBCO substrate strongly affects the ferromagnetic properties of the deposited Co layer deeper (up to 50 nm) than the coherence length of the YBCO (≃4nm) by an exchange interaction between the Co magnetic moments and the superconducting pairs at the YBCO/Co interface. The interfacial exchange interaction, switched on while the YBCO enters the SC state, pins Co spins and yields an enhancement of the Co magnetic properties.
Underwater electrical wire explosions under different discharge types: An experimental study with high initial energy storage
Authors: Zhang Shaojie , Chen Wansheng , Lu Yong , Zhang Yongmin , Wang Shuangming , Qiu Aici , Ma Liang , Gao Liang , Chen Fei
Published: April 2024

In this study, underwater electrical explosions of aluminum wires of various sizes were carried out with an initial energy storage of ∼53.5 kJ. Two piezoelectric probes were adopted to record the pressure waveforms. The experiments were divided into different discharge types, and the statistical properties of the electrical and shock-wave parameters of the different discharge types were compared. The experimental results show that there are three discharge types, called type A (breakdown type), type B (transition type), and type C (matched type). The three types differ in the resistance characteristics of the plasma channel during the plasma growth process, which are determined from the average electrical field strength and the remaining energy in the circuit at the peak voltage. Shock waves from type C discharges are more likely to exhibit a higher peak pressure, a larger impulse, and a higher energy density than the other types. However, using a matched wire that matches a specific discharge type, a high peak pressure, large impulse, and high energy density can also be achieved under type A or type B discharges. For example, the maximum peak pressures at ∼33 cm under type B and type C discharges are 38.7 and 42.4 MPa, respectively. These results provide significant guidance for load selection in underwater electrical wire explosion engineering applications.
Characterizing vibrations and associated wake structures of tandem square cylinders at different angles of incidence
Authors: Behara Suresh , Chandra Venu , Ravikanth B.
Published: April 2024

Finite element computations were conducted to investigate the transverse vibrations of three identical tandem square cylinders and the associated wake patterns at a Reynolds number Re = 150. The reduced velocities ranged from U*=3 to 20, and the angles of incidence were set at α=0°, 22.5°, and 45°. The streamwise gaps for these three α were Lx=5H, 3.8H, and 3.5H, respectively, where H represents the projected dimension of the cylinder normal to the freestream. The mass ratio of the cylinders was fixed at m*=2, and damping was neglected to allow the cylinders to attain maximum amplitudes. In the presence of primary vortices being shed from all three cylinders, the upstream cylinder at α=22.5° and 45° exhibits three distinct vibration regimes: initial excitation and upper and lower response regions. On the other hand, due to interaction with the upstream vortices, the two downstream cylinders display four response regions. In the case of α=0°, the dynamic response of the upstream cylinder appears in only two regimes, but with a higher peak amplitude compared to α=22.5° and 45°. Vibration and shedding frequencies closely synchronize with the natural frequency of the spring-mass system in the second regime, leading to high amplitude oscillations for the most upstream cylinder with α=22.5° and 45°. The third response regime for the two downstream cylinders is associated with the lock-in phenomenon. In α=0° and 22.5° configurations, the shedding mode is 2S in all response regimes, while at α=45°, the shedding mode shifts to P + S during the second regime. Up to the second regime, lift and vortex forces are in-phase with the cylinder's oscillation for α=0° and 22.5°, but they go out of phase beyond that. In the case of α=45°, although lift remains in-phase with the displacement in the second regime, the vortex force is found to be out of phase. This study is expected to enhance the understanding of fluid–structure interaction phenomena involved in multiple structures and can aid in the design of stable structures in civil engineering, offshore engineering, and development of energy harvesting devices.
Charge transport in n-type As- and Sb-hyperdoped Ge
Authors: Wang Mao , Shaikh M. S. , Li Yi , Prucnal S. , Zuk J. , Turek M. , Drozdziel A. , Pyszniak K. , Rebohle L. , Kentsch U. , Helm M. , Zhou Shengqiang
Published: April 2024

This paper presents a systematic study of the charge transport behavior of heavily doped n-type Ge layers with As and Sb. A nonequilibrium method ion implantation followed by milliseconds flash lamp annealing is applied to synthesize the n++ Ge layers (Ge:As and Ge:Sb). The resulting materials contain free electrons with a density above 3 × 1019 cm−3 and mobility more than 220 cm2/(V s). Quantum corrections to the conductance in a magnetic field are observed at low temperatures. Weak localization persists up to 30 K in Ge:Sb, while only up to 10 K in Ge:As. Using the Hikami–Larkin–Nagaoka model to fit the magnetoconductance data, we obtain the phase coherence length lϕ of the hyperdoped Ge samples in the range of 70–163 nm. This study may pave a way to explore possible applications for quantum technologies utilizing As- and Sb-hyperdoped Ge.