bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polemos, Logos, Plurality
Authors: Keane Niall ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2021

The following examines Hannah Arendt’s interpretations of Greek thought, specifically her phenomenological reading of Homer and Socrates as proto-phenomenological thinkers of objectivity, plurality, and logos. Drawing inspiration from these thinkers, Arendt finds the means of preserving and actualizing plurality as the existential truthfulness that emerges from the conflict in speaking and acting with others. She does this by contrasting how, after the trial and death of Socrates, thinking became professional philosophy and shifted its focus from the reciprocal interdependence of thinking, speaking, and acting well in the polis and towards a reflection on truth, unity, and necessity that takes its start from an ontological order that is either prior to or beyond the world of appearances. Engaging with the literature, this article examines and assesses Arendt’s claims and focuses on the themes of plurality, conflict, and speaking, as set out in her interpretations of Homer and Socrates.
Music and Time
Authors: Gadamer Hans-Georg , Nielsen Cynthia R. , Liakos David ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2021

This is a translation of Hans-Georg Gadamer’s 1988 essay, “Musik und Zeit: Ein philosophisches Postscriptum.” The essay, although brief, is noteworthy in that it contains Gadamer’s philosophical reflections on music—reflections which are largely absent in his masterwork, Truth and Method. In the essay, one finds several important Gadamerian hermeneutical themes such as the notion of art as performance or enactment (Vollzug), the linguisticality of understanding, the importance of lingering with an artwork or text, and how our absorption in the work gives rise to a particular experience of time.
On Self-Conceit in Kant and the Limits of Arrogance-Centered Theories of Immorality
Authors: Smith Catherine M. M. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2021

I argue that we have good textual reason to read Kant’s notion of “self-conceit,” and his theory of immorality more generally as being founded on the claim that we have the tendency to think that our ability to achieve happiness is our most valuable feature. I explain how this is not the same as the claim that we are arrogant or think we are better than others. Self-conceit (and the standard of assessment it implies) can lead to the opinion that one is worth more than others, when life is going well. When life goes badly, however, it leads to the opinion that one is worth less. I explain how this reading of self-conceit also amounts to a better theory of immorality, since we ought not to hold that interpersonal arrogance is at the heart of all immorality.
Compensation for material damages in Serbian industrial property law
Authors: Spajić Bojana
Published: August 2021

In the era of the digital revolution and the global market economy, the economic interests of holders of industrial property rights face threats from new and advanced forms of infringement. In order to guarantee the safeguarding of the material status of the rightsholders, standards of protection have been set at the international level as well as within the European Union - with harmonization expected to take place on a global scale. These standards, related to compensation for material damages due to the infringement on industrial property rights, largely deviate from the general rules on compensation for damages. The reason for the deviations lie in the specifics of the authorizations that are inherent to these rights and the intangible nature of the intellectual property that is the subject of the protection: hence the need for specific methods devised to calculate the compensation of damages caused by the infringement on industrial property rights. This paper analyses special rules on compensation for material damages caused by infringement on industrial property rights, observed in domestic law as it has developed from 1995 and onwards. The subject of the analysis are the relics of previous positive law, i.e., triple compensation, and compensation for up to three times the amount of the license fee, as well as the current regulations on the damages set as a lump sum compensation, under which it may not be less than the compensation for the legal use of the subject of protection and compensation equal to the tortfeasor's gains. The aim of this paper is to propose de lege ferenda norms for enhanced regulation of the matter of compensation for material damages in the field of industrial property.
The concept of knowledge as a subjective element in the criminal offense of crimes against humanity
Authors: Ševo Olivera
Published: August 2021

The subject of this paper is the analysis of knowledge as a subjective element in terms of crimes against humanity in international criminal law. Starting from the fact that committing an act within a widespread or systematic attack against a civilian population is a circumstance that turns a "common" crime into a crime against humanity, the paper seeks to answer the question of whether knowledge of committing an act within such an attack is an independent subjective element and whether there is a unified position regarding the necessary content of knowledge in international criminal law. The paper is based on a linguistic, normative, systematic and comparative legal analysis of relevant provisions of international criminal law sources, a documentary analysis of sample judgments of the three most important international courts, as well as a case study that analyzes this subjective element in the legislation and case law of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The results of the research show that in terms of the independence of knowledge as a subjective element in crimes against humanity, there is a relatively consistent position in international criminal law, while in terms of the content of knowledge there is no such agreement.
(Il)Legal evidence in criminal procedures in the case law of the Supreme Court of Cassation in 2019 and 2020
Authors: Pisarić Milana
Published: August 2021

The Criminal Procedure Code stipulates that court decisions may not be based on evidence which is, directly or indirectly, by itself or in the manner of obtaining it, contrary to the Constitution, this Code, other laws or the generally accepted rules of international law and ratified international treaties, except in proceedings conducted for the purpose of obtaining such evidence. Illegal evidence cannot be used in criminal proceedings and is therefore separated from the case file. If the judgment is based on illegal evidence, it can be challenged by the appeal against the judgment, but also by the request for the protection of legality. The subject of the paper is the analysis of the recent case law of the Supreme Court of Cassation (in the period from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020) regarding the requests for the protection of legality stated in connection with illegal evidence.
Developing creativity in mathematics instruction
Authors: Vasojević Irena , Krnjaić Zora , Vasojević Nena
Published: August 2021

This paper aims to highlight the importance and the possibilities of developing creativity and creative thinking in mathematics instruction. One of the key tasks of the educational process in schools is the stimulation and development of students' creative abilities. Students' creative abilities and divergent forms of working with them are not restricted to specific areas and fields of human activity; rather, it is a matter of the specific and distinctive qualities of the development of creativity and creative expression in certain areas, or school subjects. The paper examines the need and the possibilities of developing creative thinking in children of primary school age and in mathematics instruction in the lower and upper grades of primary school, since creativity is not linked exclusively to art or certain fields or school subjects, nor is it the privilege only of gifted and talented children and students.
Evaluation of the "Kindergarten from Home" programme during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Pajević Aleksandra , Fehratović Mirsen
Published: August 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in major changes in education around the world. According to UNESCO, due to the adoption of precautionary measures to combat the spread of the disease, over 1.5 billion students and children experienced the interruption of formal education, which is the biggest simultaneous shock for all education systems. The international health crisis has led to radical, comprehensive and serious changes in the lives of both children and their parents. Also, COVID-19 has presented early education systems around the world with serious operational challenges. The preschool institution "Đurđevdan" in Kragujevac, respecting the rights of children and ensuring the principles of education and pedagogy, designed the programme "Kindergarten from Home". The research presented in this paper aims to investigate the satisfaction of parents and children with the "Kindergarten from Home" programme during the COVID-19 pandemic - to determine the attitudes and scope of participation of children and parents. The sample included 488 parents and 302 children. The results show that the activities: spending time together with the family (43%), activities in the yard, nature (22%), and activities for motor skills (10%) produced the highest level of contentment in children. A large majority of children (73%) are motivated to continue the "Kindergarten from Home" programme. A majority of parents and children (over 60%) have given the "Kindergarten from home" programme the highest marks for interest and usefulness. The greatest percentage of the parents (42%) consider the "activities for early literacy development" exceptionally important for their child and family, whereas almost a quarter of the parents consider "working habits" as such. More than half of the parents regularly participated in the activities of the programme "Kindergarten from Home". The programme will be continued with the goal of providing support to the education of children and their families, even after the normalization of the work of kindergarten, for all children who are prevented from attending kindergarten.
Legal regulation of OTC financial derivatives trading
Authors: Vićić Marija
Published: August 2021

Author explains legal regulation of OTC financial derivative trading on the leading financial markets (USA and EU) as well as shows uniform regulations developed in international legal environment, and separately explains legal framework of the said question in positive Serbian law. Author elaborates main current legal issues related to financial derivatives transactions on the OTC market to which domestic participants are exposed during the operations in Serbian territory but also in cross-border operations. Finally, the author provides concrete proposals for further improvement of disputable legal issues by amending the regulatory framework in line with comparative legal regulations and regulations developed by the international community. Purpose of this article is to bring the attention of legal experts in Serbia to certain inefficient solutions in currently applicable legal regulations related to financial derivatives on the OTC Market, as well as to serve to legal practice as guidance for practical solving the disputable legal issues in particular transactions which have become frequent also for domestic participants on the capital market.
"The Bermuda triangle" of company, bankruptcy and law on takeover of joint stock companies: Three subjects of protection: Company, creditor and shareholder
Authors: Vasiljević Mirko
Published: August 2021

Company, bankruptcy and the law on takeover of joint stock companies, by regulating the duties (obligations - debtor of the obligation) of members of the management of the public joint stock company (first of all), do not have the same approach in determining the subject of protection to which there is a prescribed duty (creditor of the prescribed obligation). On the other hand, the regulation of this issue is not uniform in the relevant comparative laws of these branches of law, both at the level of legal ("hard") law as well as at the level of autonomous ("soft") law. In this paper, the author seeks, first of all, to determine the dominant position of comparative regulations regarding the determination of the subject of law (the subject of protection) of the prescribed duty of the management of a company, as well as the reasons for such determination. The author takes the position, based on the appropriate argumentation that in the company law the subject of protection is a joint stock company (company as a legal entity), in the bankruptcy law it is an unsecured creditor while in the takeover law it is a shareholder. Since there is no unique position on these issues in legal theory, legislation and jurisprudence, the author refers to this situation as a kind of "Bermuda triangle".
Reduced-complexity offset min-sum check node unit for layered 5G LDPC decoder
Authors: Petrović Vladimir , El Mezeni
Published: August 2021

This paper presents a novel approach for the reduced-complexity Min-Sum (MS) decoding of low density parity check (LDPC) codes in the partially parallel layered decoder architecture, which contains a large number of serial check node processors. Reduced complexity is obtained by using the variant of the single-minimum Offset Min-Sum (smOMS) algorithm that approximates a second minimum with the addition of the variable weight parameter to the minimum value. Although the reduced-complexity MS algorithms primarily reduce hardware resources in fully parallel implementations, the results showed that a considerable reduction can be obtained if serial check node processors are used. The paper also proposes a better subminimum estimation for irregular codes from 5G new radio (5G NR). The method uses smaller subminimum estimation weights in check nodes with a higher degree and higher weights in check nodes with a smaller degree, which leads to the significant improvement in the SNR performance. Additionally, it is shown that SNR performance can be further improved by applying offset before minimum calculation, which differs from conventional Min-Sum approaches.
Genetic algorithm applied to discrete optimization of band-pass microwave filter
Authors: Ninković Darko , Olćan Dragan
Published: August 2021

We propose a design approach for band-pass microwave filters based on optimization of discrete-valued parameters of filters using an implementation of (1 + (l, l)) genetic algorithm. If the filter is made of SMD components then only discrete values are allowed. The proposed design approach yields a solution with feasible components values in the end, without further need for tuning and adjustments of component values that is needed in the case when real numbers are used during optimization. The optimization setup is run for 20 times and obtained (suboptimal) solutions are presented. One of the best optimized solutions of a band-pass filter is chosen for further analysis. The found filter design is verified using a circuit solver including the yield analysis, 3D electromagnetic simulations and by measurements of the manufactured prototype. The presented results as well as the optimization run-time show that the proposed approach based on discrete optimization can be used to design microwave filters.
Reliability testing, noise and error correction of real quantum computing devices
Authors: Galanis Ilias , Savvas Ilias , Chernov Andrey , Butakova Maria
Published: August 2021

From Pharmacology to Cryptography and from Geology to Astronomy are some of the scientific fields in which Quantum Computing potentially will take off and fly high. Big Quantum Computing vendors invest a large amount of money in improving the hardware and they claim that soon enough a quantum program will be hundreds of thousands of times faster than a typical one we know nowadays. But still the reliability of such systems is the main obstacle. In this work, the reliability of real quantum devices is tested and techniques of noise and error correction are presented while measurement error mitigation is explored. In addition, a well-known string matching algorithm (Bernstein-Vazirani) was applied to the real quantum computing device in order to measure its accuracy and reliability. Simulated environments were also used in order to evaluate the results. The results obtained, even if these were not 100% accurate, are very promising which proves that even these days a quantum computer working side by side with a typical one is reliable and especially when error mitigation techniques are applied.
FINKI scholar, a publications database for Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering scholars
Authors: Risteska-Stojkoska Biljana , Gjorshevski Hristijan , Mitreva Elizabeta
Published: August 2021

The aim of this paper is to develop a Web application where scholars of the Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering (FINKI) at the University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius can display and share their projects and publications. Visitors can view, search through, and filter the authors, projects and publications that can be added and edited by the administrators via the administrator panel. In this paper, we first explain the type of system we are building and go through similar existing systems explaining how they work and what they offer. Then, we go through the programming languages and technologies we decided to use to develop this Web application. After that, the development phase follows, where we describe each of the features we implemented. In The Final Product section we finally show images where you can see how the Web application works and what it looks like. We finish the paper with a conclusion, briefly summarizing what we have achieved.
The impact of the common security and defence policy of the European Union on the security of the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Dumić Aleksandar , Kovač Mitar
Published: August 2021

The answer to transnational and asymmetric threats that are a topical issue on the world geopolitical stage can be found in the integration of national security systems, strengthening multilateral forms of security and the collective system of international security, as the key factors in providing peace, stability and democratic development of modern countries. In such circumstances, the need for a cooperative approach in preserving and improving security, based on cooperation and pooling of security capacities of nation states, is strengthening. This paper views the current achievements of the European Union (hereinafter EU) in terms of implementing its own security policy, primarily in the Western Balkans, in a broader sense, and the specific impact of such a policy on the security of the Republic of Serbia, in a narrower sense. Having in mind the extensive and complex context of the discussed topic, the paper considers, in the authors' opinion, an essential part of this issue, through the analysis of the position of the Republic of Serbia in such context, reviewing the genesis of the EU-Serbia relations and identifying current issues in these relations, and also through the possibilities of progress of cooperation and greater involvement of the capacities of our country in the current EU security policy in this region and beyond.
Triple relations: The society, armed forces and civil authority in the context of political transition: The case of Syria
Authors: Blagojević Jelisaveta
Published: August 2021

The study of civil-military relations, from the standpoint of political science, gains particularly relevance in the periods of transition, i.e. the attempt to change the existing regime through protests or rebellion of the dissatisfied masses. How the armed forces will react, i.e. whether they will remain loyal to the regime or take the demonstrators' part, depends, inter alia, on the closeness of the ties between the armed forces and society. The ethnic, national, religious and other structure of the armed forces, their main mission, the position in relation to the security services, as well as participation in the implementation of repressive measures, are some of the indicators of the relation between the armed forces and society. The objective of this paper is to study the impact of the social structure of the armed forces on their decision to (not) support the protests, based on the following hypothesis: If the structure of the armed forces is mostly composed of members of the ruling ethnic, sectarian, tribal and similar groups, it is more likely that they will support the regime. The hypothesis was tested on the case of Syria, where the armed forces decided to stay with Bashar al-Assad, which was analyzed through their sectarian-Alawite character, i.e. the identity of the Alawites religious sect, the main features of the Assad rule and the armed forces position in that regime. Using the case study method, it can be concluded that the case of Syria shows that if the social structure of the armed forces is a reflection of the structure of the ruling elite, they remain loyal to the regime because their survival depends on that regime.
Intervenciones para mejorar la salud psicológica y los procesos cognitivos, emocionales y comportamentales en niños y adolescentes víctimas de conflicto armado. Una revisión sistemática.
Authors: Villanueva-Bonilla Cristian , Ríos-Gallardo Ángela Magnolia
Published: August 2021

Los conflictos armados están relacionados con dificultades sociales, económicas, políticas y culturales que afectan directamente a las personas en situaciones más vulnerables. Millones de niños viven en países inmersos en el conflicto armado y han sido víctimas de migración forzosa, desintegración familiar y testigos de eventos traumáticos. El objetivo de esta revisión fue evaluar la calidad y eficacia de los tratamientos psicológicos dirigidos a niños y adolescentes víctimas de conflicto armado. Se analizó la literatura existente desde enero de 2009 hasta diciembre de 2019 mediante una búsqueda sistemática en las bases de datos Cochrane, Scopus, WoS, ProQuest, Pubmed, Sciencedirect y PsycINFO. Se destaca un interés creciente de la investigación científica por la intervención psicológica en contextos de crisis humanitarias. Existen ensayos clínicos de calidad con la inclusión de muestras representativas, evaluaciones de seguimiento y tratamientos que incluyen la familia del niño como eje de posibles cambios positivos a nivel cognitivo, emocional y comportamental.
Propiedades psicométricas del Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS) en una muestra de hombres y mujeres jóvenes chilenos
Authors: Escandón Nagel Neli , Baeza Rivera María José , Larenas Said Josefa , Caamaño Mardones Esteban
Published: August 2021

Drive for muscularity, although it mainly occurs in men, is also experienced by women. It is important to have instruments to measure this construct, which is the reason why the aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS) in Chilean adolescents and young adults (n = 602). The DMS and the SATAQ-4 were administered. The confirmatory factor analysis showed two factors, one representing attitudes and the other behaviors, in addition to a second-order factor. This structure had a good fit for both sexes, although for women it was necessary to remove two items. Regarding sex, men showed higher scores and, with respect to age, adolescents manifested greater drive for muscularity. For both sexes a positive correlation between the DMS and the athletic/body ideal internalization scale was observed. These results confirm that the Chilean version of the DMS has adequate psychometric properties.
Estructura e invarianza factorial de una escala de perfeccionismo infantil adaptada para adolescentes
Authors: Ramos-Vera Cristian , Dávila-Campos Annie , Castañeda-Barros Jeack , Ramírez-Ramírez Yelitza , Serpa-Barrientos Antonio
Published: August 2021

El objetivo de la investigación consistió en obtener las propiedades psicométricas de la adaptación para adolescentes de la escala de perfeccionismo infantil de Oros (2003) en 917 adolescentes peruanos, comprendido entre 13 y 18 años (M = 15.241, DT = 1.020). Mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio, se evidenció mejor parsimonia en el modelo de tres factores con óptimos índices de ajuste (S-Bχ2/gl = 0.51; CFI = .95, SRMR = .056, RMSEA [IC 90%] = .055 [.049-.061]). También se evaluó equivalencia de medida según sexo. Se proporciona evidencia de fiabilidad y validez convergente con la medida del Reynold Adolescent Depression Scale mediante la correlación de Pearson y análisis de red.
Predictores de la perpetración de violencia en el noviazgo en adolescentes: Diferencias en función del sexo
Authors: Rey Anacona César Armando , Redondo Pacheco Jesús , Moreno Méndez Jaime Humberto
Published: August 2021

Este estudio se propuso identificar variables individuales y del microsistema predictoras de la ejecución de conductas de violencia en el noviazgo (VN) y comparar a las mujeres y los varones que perpetraron VN en relación con estas variables, entre 1659 adolescentes colombianos de 13 a 19 años (54% mujeres), utilizándose el CADRI, el BASC-S3, la SCL-90-R y dos cuestionarios previamente validados. La frecuencia de VN recibida, las puntuaciones en psicoticismo y depresión de la SCL-90R, la duración de la relación, las puntuaciones en actitud negativa hacia el colegio del BASC-S3 y el número de castigos físicos violentos, explicaron el 73.4% de la varianza de perpetración: F(6, 1659) = 70.43, p = .000, R2 ajustado = .73. Las mujeres evidenciaron significativamente (p ≤ .05) más síntomas psicopatológicos, intentos de suicidio y desajuste clínico y los hombres más desajuste escolar y búsqueda de sensaciones. Estos resultados señalan la necesidad de considerar las diferencias en función del sexo en la prevención de la VN.
Mental Health and Life Satisfaction in Students from Northern Chile
Authors: Flores Jerome , Caqueo-Urízar Alejandra , Vega Latorre Guillermo , Zepeda Aura , Rivera Bartolo Yanira , González Ramírez Nechelle
Published: August 2021

It is relevant to specifically understand which are the mental health variables that most affect the satisfaction with life in the child and youth population for the optimal design of programs to promote their well-being. The relationship between mental health and life satisfaction is analyzed in a sample of students from 9 to 18 years old in the North of Chile. A correlational cross-sectional study is carried out, using the System of Evaluation of Children and Adolescents (SENA) and the Diener Life Satisfaction Scale (SWLS-C). A total sample of 3455 students is used, divided into primary and secondary schools. Two models of structural equations with good fit are obtained. Depression, self-esteem, and age are maintained in both. In primary school, school problems are added. Meanwhile, in secondary school, family problems and sex are added. The relationship is closer to the latter. The implications are discussed.
Relaciones bidireccionales longitudinales entre victimización, estilos inferenciales de desesperanza y síntomas de depresión en adolescentes: Un modelo transaccional
Authors: Ruiz-Alonso Eneko , Orue Izaskun , Calvete Esther
Published: August 2021

La depresión en la adolescencia es un problema común que genera graves consecuencias. El presente estudio examina las relaciones bidireccionales existentes entre la depresión, los estilos inferenciales de desesperanza y la victimización entre iguales. La muestra consistió en 1325 estudiantes (597 chicas, 726 chicos y 2 que no indicaron su género, de entre 12 y 17 años, edad media = 14.16; DT = 1.26). Los participantes completaron medidas de depresión, victimización entre iguales y de estilos inferenciales de desesperanza en tres momentos con un distanciamiento de 6 meses entre los mismos. Los resultados muestran que la sintomatología depresiva predice un empeoramiento de los estilos inferenciales, los cuales a su vez producen un aumento de la sintomatología depresiva. Así mismo, la victimización entre iguales predice un aumento de la sintomatología depresiva. Los hallazgos respaldan un modelo transaccional en el que resaltan las relaciones recíprocas entre síntomas depresivos y estilos inferenciales de desesperanza.
Pedro Sabando (2021). Así se creó el Sistema Nacional de Salud (SNS). Madrid, Díaz de Santos.
Authors: Olabarría Begoña
Published: August 2021

Escribe en primera persona Pedro Sabando, figura clave de la elaboración de la Ley General de Sanidad y la construcción del SNS en España, la radiografía necesaria para comprender el proceso.
Towards Refusing as a Critical Technical Practice: Struggling With Hegemonic Computer Vision
Authors: Pereira Gabriel
Published: August 2021

Computer Vision (CV) algorithms are overwhelmingly presented as efficient, impartial, and desirable further developments of datafication and automation. In reality, hegemonic CV is a particular way of seeing that operates under the goal of identifying and naming, classifying and quantifying, and generally organizing the visual world to support surveillance, be it military or commercial. This paradigm of Computer Vision forms a ‘common sense’ that is difficult to break from, and thus requires radical forms of antagonism. The goal of this article is to sketch how refusing CV can be part of a counter-hegemonic practice – be it the refusal to work or other, more creative, responses. The article begins by defining hegemonic CV, the ‘common sense’ that frames machine seeing as neutral and impartial, while ignoring its wide application for surveillance. Then, it discusses the emergent notion of refusal, and why critical technical practice can be a useful framework for questioning hegemonic sociotechnical systems. Finally, several potential paths for refusing hegemonic CV are outlined by engaging with different layers of the systems’ 'stack.'
Enmeshed in the Borders: The Para-Institutional Practices of Alternative Arts Education Online
Authors: Hermon Rosie
Published: August 2021

This article takes up new online experiments in alternative arts education as examples of para-institutional practice, arguing that the online experiments discussed can be understood as enacting modes of border dwelling. In this context, the para-institution acknowledges and works with the tensions and compromises that exist in attempting to operate besides and beyond gatekeeping art world structures, rather than enacting a total refusal of these institutions. As an example of how these tensions play out in practice, the article focuses on the wiki Mesh: a sharing hub for emerging artists, initially developed out of the Into the Wild alternative arts education programme. Mesh was conceived by Esther McManus, who spoke with the author for the purposes of exploring the Mesh project as a case study for this article. In re-articulating para-institutional practices as forms of border dwelling within the ontology of the pluriverse, this article aims to demonstrate how borders of institutional practice are a fertile space to question the terms of the conversation when exploring institutional processes and parameters, as part of an ethically engaged project seeking more inclusive and pluriversal artworlds.
Cellular automaton simulation on cooperative growth of M7C3 carbide and austenite in high Cr cast irons
Authors: Zhang Shan , Zhang Hong-Wei , Miao Miao , Feng Miao-Miao , Lei Hong , Wang Qiang ,   Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China,   School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
Published: August 2021

M7C3 carbide’s amount, size, morphology and distribution in the microstructure contribute much to the wear resistance of high chromium cast irons. In the present paper, a two-dimensional microscopic cellular automaton model for the growth of the faceted M7C3 carbide together with the austenitic dendrite grains in an Fe-4%C-17%Cr ternary alloy is developed to obtain the evolution of M7C3 carbide grain morphology, the concentration redistribution and their interaction during the growth of M7C3 carbide and austenite grains, and also the total influence on the final M7C3 carbides’ size. The model includes the effect of latent heat release on the temperature drop. The grain growth velocity is determined by both the diffusion of C solute and the diffusion of Cr solute at the S/L interface. The equilibrium concentration in liquid cells is interpolated from the tablulated solidification path which is prescribed by Gulliver-Scheil approximation coupling with the thermodynamic equilibrium calculation. The morphology of the faceted M7C3 carbide is maintained through setting its neighborhood relations and optimizing its shape factor at grain growth. The results show that the individual grain growth velocity for M7C3 carbide and austenite increases with the increase of the supersaturation and Peclet number of solute C and Cr. The austenite precipitation and grain growth obviously speed up the growth velocity of M7C3 carbide grains. While with the austenite grains gradually touching and enveloping the M7C3 carbide grain, the growth velocities for both kinds of grains decrease. The rejection of solute C and Cr during austenite grain growth complements the absorption of solute C and Cr during M7C3 carbide grain growth, thus promoting their growth. The predicted cooling curve fits with the evolution tendency of the experimental one. The predicted final solidification microstructure and M7C3 carbide amount in volume fraction are in agreement with the experimental ones. Furthermore, both C solute concentration distribution and Cr solute concentration distribution in both residual liquid and austenite are consistent with the predictions by the Gulliver-Scheil, partial equilibrium and lever rule model.
Effect of twisting deformation on electronic structure and optical properties of gold-doped black phosphorene
Authors: He Jian-Lin , Liu Gui-Li , Li Xin-Yue ,   School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China
Published: August 2021

The first-principles method based on density functional theory is used to study the effect of torsion deformation on the electronic structure and optical properties of gold-doped black phosphorene. The results show that the electronic structure of the gold-doped black phosphorene system is more sensitive to torsion deformation than that of the intrinsic black phosphorene system under torsion. The analysis of the energy band structure indicates that intrinsic black phosphorene is a direct band gap semiconductor. After being doped with gold, it can realize its transformation from semiconductor into metal. After the gold-doped black phosphorene system is twisted by 1°, the band gap is opened and becomes an indirect band gap semiconductor. As the torsion angle increases, the band gap of the intrinsic black phosphorene system increases slowly, while the band gap of the gold-doped black phosphorene system first decreases, then increases, and then decreases. From the analysis of the density of states, it is found that when the torsion angle changes from 0° to 5°, the intrinsic black phosphorene system has a strong sp orbital hybridization. The s orbit and p orbit contribute to the conduction band and the valence band, but the p orbit is better than the s orbit. The contribution to the total density of states is more, and the s orbital, p orbital and d orbital of the gold-doped black phosphorene system all contribute to the total density of states. From the analysis of optical properties, it is found that compared with the intrinsic black phosphorene system with a torsion angle of 0°, the intrinsic black phosphorene twisted system exhibits a blue shift at the absorption peak and reflection peak, and the gold-doped black phosphorene twisted system exhibits a blue shift in both absorption peak and reflection peak. Both the absorption peak and the reflection peak are red-shifted.
Dynamics of bubbles in spherical liquid cavity wrapped by elastic medium
Authors: Zhang Xian-Mei , Wang Cheng-Hui , Guo Jian-Zhong , Mo Run-Yang , Hu Jing , Chen Shi ,   Institute of Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ultrasonics, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
Published: August 2021

The cavitation effects occur in the ultrasound therapy technology. With the development of ultrasound therapy technology, cavitation effect in biological tissues has attracted more and more attention. The aim of the present study is to discuss the factors affecting cavitation nucleation and dynamics in tissues, and to provide a theoretical reference for the application of cavitation effects to ultrasound therapy. A model is developed for the cavitation inception in a spherical liquid cavity wrapped by an elastic medium. The Blake threshold value and the critical radius of the liquid cavity for the generation of spherical bubbles are obtained by the pressure equilibrium relationship. The effects of the excitation frequency, the volume modulus of the medium and the volume of the liquid in the cavity on the bubble vibration behavior are analyzed by deriving a bubble dynamic equation that consider the elastic effect of the medium outside the cavity using Lagrange equation. It is shown that the volume modulus, initial radius of bubble nucleus and surface tension can affect the Blake threshold pressure and bubble size, and those form a parameter reference for the control conditions that trigger or inhibit cavitation. The gas core can rapidly grow to a new equilibrium radius and oscillate under the action of an acoustic wave, and the bubble equilibrium radius is independent of the external field, but it can affect the bubble dynamic behavior. When the frequency of the ultrasonic signal is equal to the natural oscillation frequency of the bubble, the bubble collapses after several periods of intense vibration, and the pressure fluctuation in the liquid in the cavity is obvious. The response of bubbles under high frequency ultrasonic driving is relatively weak, and the oscillations of bubbles are dominated by free oscillation.
45 nm broadband continuously tunable semiconductor disk laser
Authors: Mao Lin , Zhang Xiao-Jian , Li Chun-Ling , Zhu Ren-Jiang , Wang Li-Jie , Song Yan-Rong , Wang Tao , Zhang Peng ,   College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China,   State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China,   College of Applied Sciences, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
Published: August 2021

A broadband continuously tunable semiconductor disk laser is reported in this paper. The active region of gain chip is composed of InGaAs multiple quantum wells with resonant periodic gain structure, and its fluorescence peak wavelength is around 965 nm. Using the wideband characteristics of the quantum wells in gain chip, along with the simple linear cavity that is formed by a high reflectivity external mirror, the laser has a low cavity loss and a wide tuning range. The continuously tunable laser wavelength can be obtained by inserting birefringent filters with different thickness into the cavity. When the thickness of the birefringent filter is 2 mm, the wavelength tuning range of the laser is 45 nm, the maximum output power is 122 mW, and the beam quality M2 factors in the X- and the Y-directions are 1.00 and 1.02, respectively. The temperature characteristics of the surface-emitting spectra of gain chip and the narrowing effect of birefringent filter on laser linewidth h are also discussed.
Research progress of two-dimensional covalent bond substructure Zintl phase thermoelectric materials
Authors: Yuan Min-Hui , Le Wen-Kai , Tan Xiao-Jian , Shuai Jing ,   School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China,   Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
Published: August 2021

Thermoelectric materials can realize the direct conversion between thermal energy and electrical energy, and thus having important applications in semiconductor refrigeration and heat recovery. Zintl phase is composed of highly electronegative cations and anions, which accords with the concept of “phonon glass, electron crystal” (PGEC). Thermoelectric properties of Zintl phase have attracted extensive interest, among which the two-dimensional (2D) covalent bond structure featured Zintl phases have received more attention for their outstanding electrical properties. In this review, Zintl phase materials with two-dimensional covalent bond substructures are reviewed, including 1-2-2-type, 9–4+x–9-type, 2-1-2-type and 1-1-1-type Zintl phase. The 1-2-2-type Zintl phase is currently the most widely studied and best-performing Zintl material. It is worth mentioning that the maximum ZT value for the Mg3Sb2-based n-type Zintl material with the CaAl2Si2 structure has been reported to reach 1.85, and the average ZT value near room temperature area also reaches 1.4. The 9–4+x–9-type Zintl material with a mass of atoms in unit cell contributes to lower thermal conductivity thus relatively high ZT value. The 2-1-2-type Zintl material has extremely low thermal conductivity due to the intrinsic vacancies, which has been developing in recent years. The 1-1-1-type Zintl material with the same ZrBeSi structure as the 2-1-2-type Zintl material, shows better electrical transport performance. In sum, this review summarizes the recent progress and optimization methods of those typical Zintl phases above. Meanwhile, the future optimization and development of Zintl phase with two-dimensional covalent bond substructures are also prospected.
Performance optimization of graphene thermionicdevices based on charge and heat transport
Authors: Liao Tian-Jun , Yang Zhi-Min , Lin Bi-Hong ,   Department of Physics and Energy, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China,   College of Physics and Electronic Information, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China,   Department of Physics, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
Published: August 2021

In recent years, researchers have proposed a model of graphene thermionic energy converter (GTEC) for the utilization of high-grade thermal energy, which is used to extensively study the physical mechanism and parametric optimization. However, the influences of space charge accumulation and near-field radiative effects on the GTEC’s energy conversion performance are rarely reported. In the present work, the theories of thermionic emission, Langmuir space charge, non-equilibrium thermodynamics, and fluctuating electrodynamics are used to construct an improved model, in which the coupling effects of thermionic transport, near-field radiative heat transfer, and Newton heat transfer are considered. Firstly, the dependence of additional potential barrier, current density, power density, efficiency, and heat flows on the voltage and the vacuum gap are analyzed by neglecting the Newton heat transfer. The results show that the vacuum gap has a significant influence on the power density, while it has a negligible effect on the efficiency, the optimal power density and efficiency can be obtained at two different voltages. Secondly, the variations of power density and efficiency with voltage are analyzed on condition that the electrodes’ temperatures are restricted by the energy balance equation. It is found that Newton heat transfer has a significant influence on the power density, while it has a negligible effect on the conversion efficiency; the anode’s temperature at the optimal power density is higher than the ambient temperature, and the temperature at the optimal efficiency is close to the ambient temperature; the optimal regions of voltage, vacuum gap, and anode’s temperature are determined by considering the trade-off between power density and efficiency. The results obtained in this work can provide a theoretical basis for the development of practical devices.
A Case Series on Epiploic Appendagitis: An Underdog in Acute Abdomen
Authors: Chitrambalam Tharun Ganapathy , Christopher Pradeep Joshua , Kanthasamy Sudha , Sundaraj Jeyakumar
Published: August 2021

Epiploic appendagitis is an uncommon yet a significant surgical diagnosis that every surgeon should be aware. It occurs due to the torsion of the epiploic appendage which gives rise to acute abdominal pain that can mimic other common causes of acute abdominal pain like appendicitis or cholecystitis. The treatment of epiploic appendagitis depend on clinical presentation, severity and it varies from conservative management to surgical excision. This case series is about eight patients presented with complaints of lower abdominal pain. After clinical examination they were initially diagnosed to have appendicitis or diverticulitis. The Computed Tomography (CT) -based diagnoses were appendicitis, omental infarct, diverticulitis or epiploic appendagitis. All of them were subjected to diagnostic laparoscopy and found to have an inflammed epiploic appendage which was excised laparoscopically.
Comparison of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Mammography in the Evaluation of Carcinoma Breast- A Longitudinal Observational Study
Authors: Patro Srikant , Swain Narendra Nath , Barik Haramohan , Sahoo Ashish Kumar , Swain Soumya Ranjan , Mishra Ashish Kumar , Pattnayak Prasanjit , Mohapatra Kailash Chandra
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in females worldwide. Mammography is a useful tool to diagnose breast cancer. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has similar sensitivity like mammography to diagnose breast cancer, however MRI is more sensitive in diagnosing breast cancer in young females and patients with family history of breast cancer. Aim: To compare the sensitivity and specificity of MRI and mammography in the diagnosis of breast cancer. Materials and Methods: This was a longitudinal observational study done in the General Surgery Department of the study institute, from April 2018 to January 2020. Total 228 patients participated in the study. All patients, suspected to have breast cancer clinically, underwent mammography and MRI. The diagnosis was later confirmed by histopathological examination. The sensitivity and specificity of both MRI and mammography were determined by comparing with the results of histopathological examination using student’s t-test. Results: All 228 patients were females. In the study, it was found out that the sensitivity of mammography and MRI was 95% and 95.83%, respectively, in detecting breast cancer. The specificity of mammography and MRI was 89.28% and 83.33%, respectively. However, the differences were statistically non significant. Conclusion: From the study, it was found out that the sensitivity and specificity of MRI and mammography is similar in detecting breast cancer.
Poncet’s Disease Revisited
Authors: Bhatnagar Mini , Agrawal Bimal K , Srivatsa C , Reehal Dil Preet , Bazad Jaskaran
Published: August 2021

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most dreaded diseases prevalent in developing countries. Though primarily affecting the lungs, TB can affect almost any part of the body. The musculoskeletal system is the fourth most common extra-pulmonary target, after pleural, lymphatic and genitourinary system. Poncet’s Disease aka Tuberculous Rheumatism is a rare rheumatologic association of active Extra Pulmonary TB (EPTB) which may be easily missed/misdiagnosed even though TB is frequently encountered in medical practice. The authors present the case of an adolescent who presented with subacute symmetrical inflammatory arthritis of lower extremities. Investigations ruled out other rheumatological conditions. He recovered completely after receiving Antitubercular Treatment (ATT) for abdominal TB, which was diagnosed during workup.