bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Which clinical scoring system should we use for the evaluation of chest pain in the Emergency Department? A review
Authors: Parenti Nicola , Agrusta Federica , Luciani Antonio
Published: December 2016

Many clinical prediction rules and scoring systems have been developed to predict Acute Coronary Syndrome in-patient with chest pain (CP) in Emergency Department. In this review we check and compare the level of validity and reliability of the TIMI (thrombolysis in myocardial infarction); HEART (history, ECG, age, risk factors, troponin); GRACE (global registry of acute coronary events). We used as eligibility criteria: all studies, reviews and meta-analysis on validity and reliability of clinical score systems for CP conducted on all ages of patients in all languages. The selection of articles included in the review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. We collected one systematic review, one meta-analysis and eleven studies. The HEART score showed the best validity in predicting the outcomes tested with a mean AUROC value of 0.86 (range 0.83- 0.88); the GRACE score showed a good validity: mean AUROC value=0.78 (range 0.70-0.82); the TIMI a moderate validity: mean AUROC=0.67 (range 0.42-0.79). The only included study on the reliability showed that the TIMI score had a poor to moderate reliability: weighted kappa range=k= 0.30-0.43. In conclusion, in this review the HEART and GRACE scores showed the best validity in predicting acute coronary syndromes and major cardiac events. To our knowledge there is only one study on the reliability of TIMI score that showed a poor to moderate inter-rater reliability. There are no studies on the reliability of other score systems.
Acetaldehyde as the first hit of addictive behaviour
Authors: Cavallaro Angela , Lavanco Gianluca , Cannizzaro Carla , Brancato Anna , Di Majo Danila , Giammanco Marco , Martines Francesco , Miccichè Irene , Plescia Fulvio
Published: December 2016

Unhealthy alcohol use is common in the Western society, which puts risk of health consequences, causing multiple behavioural injuries. Increasing evidence focuses on acetaldehyde, the first metabolite of ethanol, as the mediator of the several behavioural actions of alcohol, including its rewarding and motivational effects. In particular, acetaldehyde induces dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens modulating primary alcohol rewarding effect, drug seeking, and relapse behaviour. Recent behavioural studies point at acetaldehyde as a drug of abuse since its oral self-administration is induced and maintained in an operant/conflict paradigm. These findings provide further evidence on the role played by the acetaldehyde as a mediator of the effects of alcohol and focus attention on this molecule to arrange a more effective strategy, aimed at the prevention and treatment of alcohol abuse. Thus, the aim of this review is to summarize latest results on the role of acetaldehyde as the mediator of ethanol-central effects focusing on its capacity to induce an addictive behaviour.
Haemostatic property of Chromolaena odorata leaf extracts: in vitro and in vivo evaluation in wistar rats
Authors: Okoroiwu Henshaw Uchechi , Atangwho Item Justin , Uko Emmanuel Kufre , Maryann Okafor Ifeyinwa
Published: December 2016

This study was designed to investigate the effects of aqueous, ethanol and crude extracts of Chromolaena odorata leaf on haemostatic mechanism of wistar rats and its possible in vitro use in coagulation study. Fifty wistar rats of both sexes weighing between 140-180 g were sorted into 10 groups each fed via oral gavage once daily for 21 days. Sample collection was done by cardiac puncture. Bleeding and clotting times were performed using Duke’s and Ivy’s methods, respectively. The prothrombin time was performed using the Quick’s one stage method, while the partial thromboplastin time using kaolin was done using Macpherson and Hardity method using Giess diagnosis reagent. Significant results were observed in the bleeding and clotting times of the three extracts in a dose-dependent manner. The 300-mg/kg ethanol extract decreased the bleeding time more than the other two extracts. Only the ethanol 150 and 300 mg/mL showed in vitro activity. The study showed the in vivo haemostatic properties of Chromolaena odorata leaf extracts and its possible use in in vitro coagulation study.
Repeated flood disturbance enhances rotifer dominance and diversity in a zooplankton community of a small dammed mountain pond
Authors: Gabaldón Carmen , Devetter Miloslav , Hejzlar Josef , Šimek Karel , Znachor Petr , Nedoma Jiří , Seda Jaromir
Published: December 2016

The zooplankton community in a relatively small and mountain pond was studied during the spring growing season. To investigate which factors operate in the community structure, we explored several physical conditions, such as high inflows, and the biotic dynamics of the main zooplankton groups (i.e., rotifers, cladocerans and copepods).  Two extreme flood events occurred during the investigated period and caused dramatic changes in physical conditions and reduction of the planktonic community abundances. The short period between both high-flow events was enough for the recovery of microplankton, but not for the metazoan zooplankton. Our results are in agreement with the common situation in which high flood events commonly favour rotifers over crustaceans, likely due to rotifer species have great colonization ability and grow faster. However, we found that the dominance of rotifers over crustaceans in our system is evidenced by an extremely, unusual high ratio between their abundances.  We observed that, at the time of the great floods, crustacean abundances as well as rotifer populations notably decreased until near zero values. Although rotifer abundance began declining before high floods, the decrease was particularly notable when the great flood happened.  Our results evidenced that i) dilution rate and temperature were the main drivers which are operating in the structure of the zooplankton community; and ii) no negative biotic interactions were detected between large and small cladocerans and rotifers. Additionally, we found surprisingly that a repeated disturbance caused by high flood events does increase the species diversity of rotifers. Finally, our study also detected some cues which may indicate that diapausing egg bank is also playing an important role in the zooplankton community, favouring the dominance of rotifers; however, this phenomenon deserves further studies. 
Loss of Efficacy of Pasireotide after its Re-Administration: is There a Reason Why?
Authors: Mandanas Stylianos , Mathiopoulou Lemonia , Boudina Maria , Chrisoulidou Alexandra , Pazaitou-Panayiotou Kalliopi
Published: December 2016

Pasireotide is a recently approved medical treatment for persistent or recurrent Cushing's disease (CD). However, an escape from the initial successful response has not yet been described. A 42-year-old female presented with several symptoms indicative of hypercortisolism. Biochemical evaluation and imaging were consistent with CD due to a pituitary adenoma. Surgical excision of the adenoma was unsuccessful and gamma-knife radiosurgery was followed. Our patient remained hypercortisolemic thus treatment with pasireotide (900 mg subcutaneously twice daily) was decided. Biochemical and clinical remission was noted shortly thereafter. Moderate adverse events led to dose reduction to 600 mg subcutaneously twice daily. The patient remained in remission for 6 months, when treatment was discontinued due to cholecystitis. One month after cholecystectomy, pasireotide was restarted with no clinical or biochemical benefit that time. Pasireotide is an effective medical treatment for CD. Nevertheless, a loss of its initial efficacy may rarely be described.
The Imaging and Pathological Features of Metastatic Leiomyosarcoma in the Gallbladder
Authors: Guo Yi , Chen Eleanor , Davidson Darin J. , Pillarisetty Venu G. , Jones Robin L. , Pollack Seth M.
Published: December 2016

Uterine leiomyosarcoma is a rare and aggressive malignancy with poor overall prognosis. There have been few reports of metastatic leiomyosarcoma in the gallbladder. We report a case of a 41-year-old female who underwent total abdominal hysterectomy due to presumed uterine fibroids. The postoperative pathology revealed high-grade pleomorphic leiomyosarcoma, with involvement of the uterine serosal surface. She subsequently underwent exploratory laparotomy, followed by pelvic radiation and chemotherapy. Since initial management she has developed metastatic disease and has been under treatment and surveillance for 11 years. She has undergone multiple surgical procedures and numerous lines of systemic therapy for metastatic leiomyosarcoma, including cholecystectomy for a metastatic lesion in the gallbladder. There have been no previous reports of metastatic leiomyosarcoma in the gallbladder. Despite extensive metastatic disease this patient has had prolonged survival with multi-modality management.
Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma of the Esophagus: A Case Report and Selected Review of the Literature
Authors: Brett Christopher L. , Miller Daniel H. , Jiang Liuyan , Wolfsen Herbert C. , Attia Steven , Hintenlang Lauren , Jagadesh Niveditha , Miller Robert C.
Published: December 2016

Soft tissue sarcomas of the esophagus represent an extremely rare cause of esophageal masses, and an even smaller proportion of these tumors represent dedifferentiated liposarcomas. We present a case of a 75-year-old gentleman presenting with dysphagia found to have a 5 cm pedunculated mass in the cervical esophagus, originating at the cricopharyngeus. This was found to have involvement limited to the superficial mucosa by endoscopic ultrasound, and the lesion was subsequently resected endoscopically. Pathology demonstrated an undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma later determined to represent dedifferentiated liposarcoma after fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. The patient received no additional adjuvant therapy and remains disease free 20 months from the procedure. While treatment experience is limited, our case demonstrates that in selected patients, sustained local control can be obtained without radical resection.
Midface-lift patient satisfaction: A 5-year follow-up study
Authors: Pascali Michele , Quarato Davide , Bocchini Ilaria , Cervelli Valerio
Published: December 2016

Context: Several studies showed, from the clinical point of view, the advantages of the various techniques and surgical approaches to obtain facial rejuvenation. A few studies have highlighted the satisfaction or not of patients who underwent a traditional facelift; however, a long-term follow-up study measuring patient satisfaction with midface-lift surgery has not been published yet. Aims: The aim of this study is to measure individual patient satisfaction with the midface lift, to find out from each patient his/her level of satisfaction 1 and 5 years after the operation and to compare the results to assess the benefits of the surgery. Background: Several studies showed, from a clinical point of view, the advantages of the various techniques and surgical approaches to obtain facial rejuvenation; however, a long-term follow-up study measuring patient satisfaction with midface-lift surgery has not been published yet. Materials and Methods: Between January 2005 and January 2010, 163 patients underwent a midface lift. All patients were asked to complete a standardised survey 1 and 5 years after surgery, in order to measure outcomes among facial aesthetic patients. Statistical Analysis Used: The paired t-test. Results: All patients reported an improvement as a result of the midface lift. Statistically significant differences in judgement criteria were found for malar eminence and nasojugal groove. Almost all of the patients turned out to be completely satisfied with their appearance with the new look. Conclusions: Patients were extremely satisfied with their decision to undergo a midface lift and with the outcomes and quality of life following the procedure.
A systematic review of the factors predicting the interest in cosmetic plastic surgery
Authors: Milothridis Panagiotis , Pavlidis Leonidas , Haidich Anna-Bettina , Panagopoulou Efharis
Published: December 2016

Background: A systematic review of the literature was performed to clarify the psychosocial characteristics of patients who have an interest in cosmetic plastic surgery. Methods: Medical literature was reviewed by two independent researchers, and a third reviewer evaluated their results. Results: Twelve studies addressing the predictors of interest in cosmetic surgery were finally identified and analysed. Interest in cosmetic surgery was associated with epidemiological factors, their social networks, their psychological characteristics, such as body image, self-esteem and other personality traits and for specific psychopathology and found that these may either positively or negatively predict their motivation to seek and undergo a cosmetic procedure. Conclusions: The review examined the psychosocial characteristics associated with an interest in cosmetic surgery. Understanding cosmetic patients’ characteristics, motivation and expectation for surgery is an important aspect of their clinical care to identify those patients more likely to benefit most from the procedure.
Turned in fasciocutaneous island flap from face and neck based on subdermal microcirculation for reconstruction of the oral cavity following cancer surgery
Authors: Gajiwala Kalpesh Jayantkumar
Published: December 2016

Background: The skin and soft tissues of the face and neck have a rich plexus of dermal-subdermal vessels, which creates the possibility of raising a fasciocutaneous flap based on this vascular supply. A turned in fasciocutaneous island flap (TIFCIF) from an adjacent area of the defect can provide a simple substitute to many complex reconstructive procedures. Materials and Methods: Fifteen patients underwent wide excision for oral cancer and upper neck dissection, maintaining bone framework, between August 2010 and June 2014. The reconstruction was done with a 'turned in fasciocutaneous island flap’ (TIFCIF) from the upper neck-lower face based on subdermal superficial adipofascial microvascular network instead of a specific known feeder vessel. The upper cervical flap, the donor site, when raised during the initial incision and the upper neck dissection, was cut off from the facial artery, the submental artery, the superior thyroid and the transverse cervical arteries. The microcirculation depended largely on the rich vascular plexus formed of the branches of the superficial temporal and the maxillary arteries. The donor site was primarily closed in Fourteen of the Fifteen patients. Eight patients received post-surgery irradiation. Results: All the flaps survived and healed and withstood radiation well. Two patients had flap dehiscence from suture line, of which one needed reattachment while other a minor one healed by itself and one patient had occasional drooling. There was no difficulty in eating or swallowing. Conclusions: A random patterned TIFCIF based on superficial subdermal adipofascial microcirculation, formed of a rich vascular plexus in the face and neck region can provide a simple alternative for intraoral reconstruction.
Complex dorsal dislocation of the distal interphalangeal joint: Perspectives on management
Authors: Sankaran Ajeesh , Bharathi R. Ravindra , Sabapathy S. Raja
Published: December 2016

Distal interphalangeal joint dislocations are only rarely complex and irreducible. We present a case and illustrate our approach to management of this problem. Open reduction is necessary, and preferred approach is volar. It is imperative to identify the injured soft tissue and repair them as is feasible.
Enhancing Cytogenetic Biological Dosimetry Capabilities of the Philippines for Nuclear Incident Preparedness
Authors: Asaad Celia O. , Caraos Gloriamaris L. , Robles Gerardo Jose M. , Asa Anie Day D. C. , Cobar Maria Lucia C. , Asaad Al-Ahmadgaid
Published: December 2016

The utility of a biological dosimeter based on the analysis of dicentrics is invaluable in the event of a radiological emergency wherein the estimated absorbed dose of an exposed individual is crucial in the proper medical management of patients. The technique is also used for routine monitoring of occupationally exposed workers to determine radiation exposure. Anin vitroirradiation study of human peripheral blood lymphocytes was conducted to establish a dose-response curve for radiation-induced dicentric aberrations. Blood samples were collected from volunteer donors and together with optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeters and were irradiated at 0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4, and 6 Gy using a cobalt-60 radiotherapy unit. Blood samples were cultured for 48 h, and the metaphase chromosomes were prepared following the procedure of the International Atomic Energy Agency's Emergency Preparedness and Response – Biodosimetry 2011 manual. At least 100 metaphases were scored for dicentric aberrations at each dose point. The data were analyzed using R language program. The results indicated that the distribution of dicentric cells followed a Poisson distribution and the dose-response curve was established using the estimated model,Ydic= 0.0003 (±0.0003) +0.0336 (±0.0115) ×D+ 0.0236 (±0.0054) ×D2. In this study, the reliability of the dose-response curve in estimating the absorbed dose was also validated for 2 and 4 Gy using OSL dosimeters. The data were fitted into the constructed curve. The result of the validation study showed that the obtained estimate for the absorbed exposure doses was close to the true exposure doses.
Intercomparison in Cytogenetic Dosimetry among 22 Laboratories in China
Authors: Liu Jian Xiang , Pan Yan , Ruan Jian Lei , Piao Chunnan , Su Xu
Published: December 2016

As part of a regional International Atomic Energy Agency-coordinated research project with the support from the National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, 22 laboratories participated in the intercomparison in cytogenetic dosimetry in China. Slides for chromosomal aberrations were prepared by the Department of Radiation Epidemiology, National Institute for Radiological Protection, which organized the exercise. Slides were sent to the other participating laboratories through Express Mail Service. For estimates of dose, each laboratory scored the frequency of dicentrics plus centric rings chromosomes. The whole blood samples were irradiated with 60Co γ-rays (1.3 Gy, 2.4 Gy and 1.5 Gy, 2.6 Gy). Each laboratory got one group of the slides. Ten of the 44 estimates of dose fell within ±5% of the true physical dose, 12 fell within ±5–10%, 9 fell within ±10–15%, 12 fell within ±15–20%, while only one sample fell ± >20%. The evaluation of the respective dose was achieved by 21 laboratories.
Biodosimetry of Persons Chronically Exposed to Low and Therapeutic Doses of Ionizing Radiation
Authors: Zedginidze Alla , Namchevadze Ema , Ormocadze George , Kapanadze Archil , Nikuradze Tamara , Lomidze Darejan
Published: December 2016

Dynamic changes of the chromosomal aberrations and the DNA damage were analyzed in individuals exposed to low and therapeutic doses of radiation. The investigation included 37 persons living in areas where the radioactive sources were discovered 10–12 years ago. It was established by biodosimetry methods that the examined persons had absorbed dose of 0.2–0.7 Gy or had increased number of chromosomal aberrations, though insufficient to determine a dose. Clinical examination, chromosomal analysis, and assay of DNA damage by the comet (single-cell gel electrophoresis) assay were carried out. There was no correlation between the doses received 10 years ago and the cytogenetic changes with clinical outcome. The effect of the local fractionated gamma-irradiation with doses of 40–70 Gy was studied in cancer patients with localized head and neck tumors. The study of chromosomal abnormalities, the DNA damages by the comet assay, and the micronuclei detection of the buccal cells revealed a statistically significant correlation between the initial cytogenetic indices in cancer patients and their dynamic changes during and after the radiation exposure. In addition, the correlation was detected between the initial cytogenetic parameters and the functional stage of red blood system. Our results allow us to conclude that there is a need for further research to estimate the individual radiation risk to optimize and individualize the subsequent medical management of radiotherapy.
Chromosomal Aberrations in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes after Exposure to Ionizing Radiation
Authors: Ryu Tae Ho , Kim Jin-Hong , Kim Jin Kyu
Published: December 2016

Biological dosimetry using chromosome aberration analyses in human peripheral blood lymphocytes is suitable and useful tool for estimating the dose when a nuclear or radiological emergency is investigated. Blood samples from five healthy donors were obtained to establish dose-response calibration curves for chromosomal aberrations after exposure to ionizing radiation. In this work, dicentric assay and CBMN assay were compared considering the sensitivity and accuracy of dose estimation. In a total of 21,688 analyzed metaphase spreads, 10,969 dicentric chromosomes, 563 centric rings and 11,364 acentric chromosomes were found. The number of metaphase cells decreased with increasing radiation dose. The centric rings were not found in the non-irradiated control. There was no relationship between radiation dose and acentric ring induction. The frequency of total MN increased in a dose-dependent manner. In comparison with the control value, MN increased about 9, 32, 75, 87, and 52 fold higher after treatment with 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 Gy, respectively. The results revealed that the mean frequency of chromosomal aberrations, both in dicentric and in micronuclei analyses increased with increasing radiation dose.
¿Cómo hacer emerger las experiencias previas y creencias de los futuros maestros? Prácticas docentes desde el modelo realista
Authors: Alsina A. , Batllori R. , Falgás M. , Güell R. , Vidal I.
Published: December 2016

Se presentan diversas prácticas docentes para hacer emerger las experiencias previas y creencias de los futuros maestros sobre los conocimientos didácticos y disciplinares necesarios para el oficio de enseñar. Estas prácticas se han llevado a cabo en asignaturas de Didáctica de las Sociales, Didáctica de las Matemáticas, Didáctica de la Expresión Corporal y el Prácticum de los Grados de Maestro de Educación Infantil y Primaria de la Universidad de Girona.
Las prácticas docentes se han planificado y gestionado a partir de la perspectiva realista de formación del profesorado. Esta perspectiva asume que la formación de maestros debe garantizar la integración de las experiencias personales en la práctica de aula y los conocimientos teóricos, y ello a través de la reflexión. Desde esta perspectiva, el punto de partida es la toma de consciencia de las experiencias previas y creencias, ya que si no se consideran y gestionan adecuadamente pueden ser un obstáculo para la adquisición de nuevos conocimientos.

Las herramientas y estrategias usadas son un juego de rol, preguntas abiertas, actividades introspectivas basadas en el movimiento y la analogía con imágenes. El análisis de las prácticas ha puesto de manifiesto cómo los futuros maestros van tomando consciencia de sus experiencias previas y creencias, y cómo éstas pueden influir en su identidad profesional. Se concluye que estos aspectos, que suelen estar muy arraigados, deben ser tratados a través de ciclos reflexivos durante la formación inicial de maestros para favorecer su reconstrucción.
Los niveles de reflexión en los portafolios de la Práctica Pre Profesional Docente
Authors: Lamas P. , Vargas-D'Uniam J.
Published: December 2016

Esta investigación se desarrolla en el contexto de la carrera de educación inicial de una universidad privada de Lima, en la que se incorporó el portafolio como un instrumento didáctico para alentar la actividad reflexiva del alumnado sobre su práctica docente en el último año de formación.

Tiene como objetivo identificar los niveles de reflexión que alcanzan las alumnas en los portafolios que elaboran en la Práctica Pre Profesional Docente, y toma como referencia los niveles planteados por Larrivee B. (2008) y trabajados por Rodrigues R. (2013).

Se ubica en el nivel descriptivo con un enfoque cualitativo y constituye un estudio de caso en el que se utilizó la técnica del análisis documental y como instrumento una matriz de registro de las reflexiones de las alumnas.
La investigación concluye que la mayoría de las reflexiones efectuadas por el alumnado se concentra en torno a los tres primeros niveles de reflexión y transitan entre éstos indistintamente en diferentes partes del portafolio. El nivel más alto de reflexión alcanzado por el grupo ha sido el pedagógico, que consiste en la descripción de hechos basada en la aplicación de conocimientos didácticos o científicos en general. Ninguna reflexión llegó al nivel más complejo, es decir el nivel crítico, donde las reflexiones sobre su práctica docente apuntan a plantear las implicancias de su actuación en la transformación social y política o las consecuencias morales y éticas de su quehacer docente en el aula.
Un modelo para diseñar actividades de aprendizaje en la enseñanza de ingenierías
Authors: Otero Calviño B. , Rodríguez Luna E.
Published: December 2016

En los actuales momentos nuestros estudiantes se encuentran bastante desmotivados a la hora de asistir a clase y de trabajar. Esto conduce a que sea necesario que el profesor introduzca cambios en sus clases que lo lleven a diseñar actividades de aprendizaje como base fundamental de su enseñanza. El presente documento propone un modelo para diseñar actividades de aprendizaje en asignaturas de cursos básicos de ingeniería. Las actividades propuestas pretenden motivar a los estudiantes, promover su aprendizaje y fortalecer las competencias genéricas de comunicación oral, trabajo en equipo y aprendizaje autónomo.

El artículo plantea el uso de dos fichas para diseñar las actividades. La primera ficha contiene información general de la actividad, mientras que la segunda ficha contiene todos los detalles para el desarrollo de la misma. Generalmente esta segunda ficha servirá como material para que los estudiantes desarrollen la actividad, sin embargo en algunos casos será necesario añadir algún material complementario (web, guías, etc.).

El artículo describe cómo aplicar el modelo propuesto a cinco actividades de aprendizaje aplicadas en la enseñanza de cursos básicos de programación para ingenieros. Además, el artículo propone y muestra el uso de dos rúbricas para evaluar las actividades de: elaboración de videos y proyecto. Por último, el trabajo muestra las valoraciones de los estudiantes respecto a las actividades de aprendizaje que han desarrollado. En general, los estudiantes se encuentran satisfechos con las actividades realizadas y las encuentran provechosas para mejorar su aprendizaje y adquirir nuevas competencias.

 
Las buenas prácticas docentes en la educación virtual universitaria
Authors: Durán Rodríguez R. , Estay-Niculcar C. A.
Published: December 2016

Los cambios en los patrones conductuales del docente se pueden dar a partir de modificaciones superficiales (cambio 1) o si este cambio viene acompañado de modificaciones en su pensamiento y conocimiento pedagógico en que se apoya (cambio 2). El presente artículo tiene como propósito promover el cambio 2, a través de una guía que invite al docente a la reflexión, de manera que pueda abordar las buenas prácticas docentes a partir de cambios profundos en su pensamiento y estilo de enseñanza específicamente en la educación virtual universitaria. Esta propuesta se sustenta en una revisión literaria sobre: (1) las buenas prácticas en diferentes verticales, (2) las buenas prácticas educativas en la educación virtual y (3) modelos de buenas prácticas educativas para identificar un conjunto de prácticas para la educación virtual. Posteriormente, se presenta una guía de tres momentos, que el docente podrá utilizar como ejercicio de autoevaluación y así determinar si la adopción de buenas prácticas educativas es del tipo cambio 1 o del tipo cambio 2. La educación virtual aún enfrenta retos y desafíos en la Sociedad del Conocimiento, ya que se cuestiona su calidad por la falta de interacción física, que por naturaleza, la educación presencial posee. Por ende, se invita al docente universitario a que utilice la guía y a la vez preguntarse iterativamente, ¿qué tipo de cambio desea asumir en su patrón conductual? Del tipo de cambio que asuma, dependerá su contribución a la calidad de la educación virtual.
Competencias de los egresados del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior: relatos de vida de los nuevos estudiantes universitarios frente a los antiguos licenciados
Authors: Cano García E. , Fernández Ferrer M.
Published: December 2016

El trabajo que se presenta a continuación forma parte del proyecto de investigación “El impacto de la evaluación educativa en el desarrollo de competencias en la universidad. La perspectiva de la primeras promociones de graduados ” (referencia EDU2012-32766), en el que, desde 2012, participan siete universidades españolas con cuatro de sus titulaciones: educación primaria, farmacia, ingeniería informática e ingeniería electrónica industrial. El estudio nace con el objetivo de analizar el impacto de la evaluación educativa en el desarrollo de competencias en la universidad a partir de la percepción de las primeras promociones de graduados formados en el marco del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior a través de una metodología eminentemente cualitativa basada principalmente en los relatos, las entrevistas y los grupos de discusión.  Este artículo presenta el análisis de los resultados de una fase de la investigación, a partir de relatos abiertos de, por un lado, los diplomados, licenciados o ingenieros de las antiguas titulaciones, y por otro lado, de los nuevos graduados universitarios. A través de una comparación constante entre las opiniones de dichos participantes, el siguiente trabajo profundiza sobre cuatro dimensiones clave para la mejora del futuro de la formación universitaria: a) ¿qué competencias se adquieren en la carrera?; b) ¿cuál es la relación existente entre la adquisición de dichas competencias y las metodologías llevadas a cabo?; c) ¿cuál es la relación existente entre la adquisición de dichas competencias y las evaluaciones practicadas? y d) ¿qué aportan los contextos no formales e informales al desarrollo de competencias? Los resultados muestran que se percibe un mayor desarrollo de las competencias instrumentales y que se vinculan al trabajo por proyectos y casos prácticos pero no a las estrategias e instrumentos de evaluación. Por otra parte, los contextos laborales parecen tener un gran peso en el desarrollo competencial, a juicio de los participantes.
La Orientación como elemento de calidad en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela
Authors: Ceinos C. , Nogueira M. A.
Published: December 2016

El entramado social actual, caracterizado por la complejidad y el cambio, exige la adopción de nuevas competencias y cualificaciones, así como perfiles profesionales acordes con las demandas existentes. Entre las transformaciones acontecidas, destacan, por su relevancia en el presente trabajo, las referidas al sistema educativo, el cual, junto con la Universidad, ha de ampliar su cometido tradicional, centrado en la creación y transmisión de cultura y capacitación de profesionales, hacia la capacitación integral del alumno/a. Es, en este contexto, como consecuencia de los planteamientos postulados por el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES), en donde se manifiesta la necesidad de ofrecer una atención personalizada al estudiante y promover mayor autonomía en su aprendizaje, considerando constantemente el momento decisivo que la etapa educativa universitaria constituye en su vida, por lo que las acciones de Orientación han de considerarse básicas e imprescindibles. Son muchas las investigaciones realizadas sobre las necesidades orientadoras de los estudiantes universitarios, así como aquéllas que evalúan los servicios de Orientación en dicha etapa, suponiendo todas ellas un replanteamiento de dicha disciplina en el contexto universitario. Es por esto que el presente trabajo centra su atención en las acciones de Orientación llevadas a cabo con el alumnado de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (Campus Vida), con la pretensión básica de analizar esta realidad y reclamar, en caso de necesidad, el cumplimiento adecuado de los compromisos en materia de atención personalizada, en donde la Orientación cobra un papel relevante.
Valoración del contexto instructivo, creencias de control y emociones académicas. Un estudio con universitarios avanzados
Authors: Vaja A. B. , Paoloni P. V.
Published: December 2016

En este trabajo nos propusimos brindar aportes que permitan conocer más acerca de los estudiantes que habitan las aulas universitarias, a partir de indagar sus percepciones sobre el contexto instructivo, las posibilidades de tomar control en sus procesos de aprendizaje y las emociones que experimentan en consecuencia. Se trabajó con una muestra accidental (N=39) compuesta por el total de alumnos que durante el año 2010 cursó una asignatura ubicada en el tramo final del plan de estudio de una Carrera de Educación de la Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (Argentina). Los datos fueron recabados a través del Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire, el Achievement Emotions Questionnaire y entrevistas focales semiestructuradas. Los resultados se organizan en cuatro apartados: a) valoraciones atribuidas por los alumnos al contexto instructivo; b) aspectos relativos a sus creencias de control de los aprendizajes; c) emociones académicas experimentada en el marco del contexto de aprendizaje considerado; d) correlaciones estadísticamente significativas entre variables motivacionales y emocionales focalizadas en este estudio. Las consideraciones finales se agrupan en tres ejes: a) relevancia de considerar las valoraciones y las creencias de control como antecedentes próximos de las emociones; b) importancia de atender al diseño de tareas que sean valoradas como significativas para la formación profesional y c) necesidad de continuar investigando en relación a aspectos personales en contextos reales de aprendizaje.
Satisfacción Laboral en docentes universitarios: medición y estudio de variables influyentes
Authors: Pujol Cols L. J.
Published: December 2016

Los docentes representan el principal activo estratégico de las Universidades. Sus conocimientos y expertise constituyen el core-competence de este fenotipo organizacional. Es precisamente a través del desempeño de las actividades académicas (i.e. investigación, enseñanza, extensión) que éstos contribuyen a la efectividad en el funcionamiento de las Universidades, así como a su visibilidad, reputación y prestigio en el mercado académico. Debido a la incidencia probada de la satisfacción laboral sobre la salud ocupacional y otras variables de performance de gran interés para la gestión, resulta relevante su medición y estudio sistemático en las Universidades. En este artículo, se efectúa un relevamiento del nivel de satisfacción (global y por atributos) de una muestra representativa de docentes de una Universidad pública argentina, indagándose en las facetas para las cuales se registran puntajes promedio menores. A su vez, y través del empleo de técnicas estadísticas de análisis multivariado (e.g. análisis factorial, análisis de regresión múltiple), se estudia la incidencia simultánea de un set de variables sociodemográficas y relativas a las condiciones de trabajo en la satisfacción laboral. De esta investigación se obtiene que niveles menores se registran en cuestiones atinentes a los mecanismos de acceso a cargos docentes, percepción de justicia dentro del sistema y perspectivas de movilidad ascendente. Las principales variables predictivas que parecieran explicar de manera significativa la satisfacción laboral de los docentes son su edad y la jerarquía de su cargo. 
A manifesta ficcionalidade e a estrutura triádica em “A hora e vez de Augusto Matraga”
Authors: Ferri Débora
Published: December 2016

Este estudo demonstra os efeitos estéticos produzidos na estrutura da narrativa a partir da escolha da temática da conversão do pecador em santo no conto “A hora e vez de Augusto Matraga”, parte do livro Sagarana de Guimarães Rosa.  Além  disso,  também  analisa  os  efeitos  de  sentido  advindos  do  fato de o narrador declarar, em seu início, que o conto se trata de uma “estória inventada” e embasar sua construção na ideia da tríade. O referencial teórico é composto de estudos estruturalistas, em especial, de Genette, e artigos críticos sobre a obra de Guimarães Rosa.
Entre livros, florestas e desejos: a formação literária do jovem Neruda
Authors: De Paula Marcelo Ferraz
Published: December 2016

O artigo discute aspectos da formação literária de Pablo Neruda, com base na leitura de poemas escritos em sua adolescência e juventude. Em diálogo com alguns de seus principais críticos e biógrafos (TEITELBOIN, 1994; LOYOLA, 2010; SICARD, 1981), identificamos nas obras do período um autor que busca seus temas mais caros, testa procedimentos formais e, principalmente, põe em marcha um imaginário poético que se prolongará, com vários contornos, nos seus livros mais reconhecidos. A análise destaca o impacto das leituras realizadas pelo jovem Neruda e a relevância de algumas passagens biográficas, como as primeiras experiências amorosas, a convivência familiar e a militância estudantil, investigando ecos dessas passagens na configuração da obra central do poeta chileno, em especial na sua lírica amorosa e de cunho político-social.
Comparative Study of Hire-purchase in Iran and English Common Law
Authors: Motalebi Mehdi , Khosravi Hassan
Published: December 2016

Hire-purchase is a mutual interest contract. Regarding its commutative nature, exchangeable items that are against each other are exchanged in contracting process, so if contract is null or is canceled for any reason according to the contract terms, in the way that transferring possession is impossible, relevant actions will be based on the contract if funds entitled monthly installments are determined in. Therefore, the current paper aims to comparatively study hire-purchase in Iranian and common law. Analytical-descriptive method is applied in the paper. The findings indicate the difference between hire-purchase in Iran and common law is that contract for common law is just utilized for movable properties; while in Iran law it is utilized for both movable and immovable properties. In England law, hire purchase is a specified contract. According to the England hire purchase law and consumer credit law in 1974, hire purchase is a contract in which leased goods are transferred from creditor to the credit receiver instead of using periodic payment. It happens only when the credit receiver fulfills the contract terms. In other words the hire purchase contract used in England law is a hire contract with tenants’ rights of possession, while it has not been explained in the Iranian law.
The Nullity of Non-Remarriage Condition in the Legal Mind and Judicial Decisions of the Islamic Republic of Iran Civil Law
Authors: Taghizadeh Ebrahim , Far Seyed Ali Tabatabaee
Published: December 2016

This study investigates the validity of man non-remarriage condition in Iran Civil law by using the judicial and legal analysis in descriptive and analytical method. The purpose of this study is to resolve some of the ambiguities surrounding this condition of the marriage document that can be used for the Bureau of family Court, lawyers, and other legal entities. Our survey shows that although there is no clear wording of the law in the Iran legal system. According to the judicial decisions and some of the Articles such as 959 and 942 in Civil law and the 1201/7 vote of the Supreme Court, it seems that non-remarriage condition in Iran Civil law is considered as instances of general negation and void, but its nullity does not impair the validity of the marriage.
Repressive Approach Incustoms Crimes
Authors: Khoeini Ghafour , Shekarbeigi Ali Reza
Published: December 2016

Customs regulations determined in each country, regarding monitoring the import and export of goods and payment of customs duties are a critical source of government revenue. Naturally, people regarding economic gains as well as import and export of prohibited goods, the customs regulations are violated. So initially it is necessary to define the recognition and awareness of customs offenses. Then check the rules and regulations relating to customs matters and deal with violations of customs law can shed light on these crimes, criminal policy governing the use of the penal system and the principles and techniques of successful experiences of other judicial systems, to set a modern criminal policy, be consistent and purposeful action. Understanding the elements and items of the crime are also useful in the fight against this criminal phenomenon.
Investigation and Comparison of Time and Location of Contract Conclusion in Iranian Electronic Commerce Act and UNCITRAL Model Law
Authors: Mosavi Seyed Abolhasan , Afrogh Abdolmohammad
Published: December 2016

Cyberspace is considered as one of the most modern means for the conclusion of contracts and meeting the obligations arising from that, particularly in commercial transactions. The nature of electronic contracts- in terms of credibility, form and homogeneity with public disciplines and regulations of civil law about the contracts- is a new topic based on which recognition and investigation on the legal effects depend on the formal structure of cyberspace and information and communication technology concepts known in this area. Present work mainly investigates following items: Electronic contract conclusion and specific properties of such agreements, effect of electronic trait on its way of formation as well as compatibility of public rules and regulation of electronic contracts in Iranian Electronic Commerce Acts and UNCITRAL model law. Electronic contract principally does not differ traditional ones in terms of nature. However, structure of cyberspace has brought up new specifications and concepts. A descriptive-analytical method with comparative approach were used for data collection. Current rules and regulations of the contracts area in traditional space seem to not be able to completely meet emerging rights in cyberspace, but beside traditional legal basics, some rules and regulations are necessary to eliminate existing confusion by setting determination in modern legal uncertainties. Present study tries to answer above queries by assessment and comparison of the location and time of contract conclusion in Electronic Commerce Act and UNCITRAL Model Law.
Nanotechnology Development and Transference in the International Trade Law and the Intellectual Property Rights
Authors: Taheri Shila
Published: December 2016

The preset essay analyzes the nanotechnology development and transference in the international trade law and the intellectual property rights by implementing descriptive analytic method. The research findings show that determining the role and position and the function of intellectual property systems within the modern nanotechnology intellectual property at the international scenery and analyzing the plans and codifying policies and special protective programs in terms of development and enhancement of intellectual property in this technology and comprehensive approaches in support of the international intellectual property and change and correction of the organizational offices of nano patents registration is a critical issue. Codifying coordinated regulations for University research centers to ensure the unity of the researchers, lack of definite and fixed output for commercializing, study of the increasing mass of the number of registered patents, rise of the complexity of the patents (interdisciplinary patents) that lead to the limitations for the innovators in obtaining intellectual property rights, lack of the cooperation of the developing countries because of the obstacles of registering patents and being bereft of the benefits of nano because of the high expenses of registering the patents and the administration guarantee of the international documents are among the legal challenges of the intellectual property in nanotechnology.
Pathological Analysis of the Charter of Citizenship Rights in Iran in Judicial Rights Terms with a Focus on Human Dignity
Authors: Piraman Fatemeh , Ahmadi Seyed Mohammad Sadegh , Raei Masoud
Published: December 2016

Judicial right is one of the most significant fields of citizenship rights. A large part of the right legal instances become considerable when a citizen is under suspicion. To codify the examples of legal rights principally, the concept of human dignity needs to be the focal point on a constant basis. In the case of ignoring this criterion in arranging the constitutional rights the justice would not be attained, and the legal security of the citizens would be disrupted.Within the constitutional rights of Iran, the charter of the citizenship rights as a comprehensive document considered within the constitutional right field.  In the preface and principles of this document human dignity is confirmed as one of the most significant factors in codifying the citizenship rights. However, in the continuation and in the arrangement of the instances of the citizenship rights this criterion has not been considered as expected.The charter of the constitutional rights compared to previous rules of it has no significant innovation. Two groups of factors have caused the insignificant role of human dignity within the judicial rights. The first groups include the general factors such as presenting an inaccurate definition of citizen and mingling the instances of human rights with examples of rights. The second group of factors that mostly relate the lack of precise positioning towards some of the accepted principles of the legal right has provided the possibility of violating human dignity in this charter.
Investigating the Civil Liability of Tobacco' Propagandists in Iran: A Comparative Viewpoint toward American Legal System
Authors: Safarian Mehdi , Safari Mohsen
Published: December 2016

One of the most important signs of a dynamic economy is commercial advertisement and presentation of products. Advertisement in fact, helps consumers to become aware of various goods and make a move for buying those needed. However, it should be noted here that whatever intended to be advertised should not be harmful to people and society; advertisement, if restricted to goods and products, would not lead to so much negative criticism, but in reality it embraces selling of imaginations, dreams, and idealistic life styles. Therefore wrong components can lead to a liability. On the other hand advertisement is increasingly related to society's health. This study aims at investigating propagandists' liability in light of the theories of civil liability. Therefore, in facing the fundamentals of civil liability in this area, the theories of guilt and strict liability are able to be examined. Studied the running rules of national and transnational domain, however, the approach considered as the basis of civil liability in this area is the theory of guilt. In the legal system of Iran, according to what was pointed out and considering the exclusive nature of tobacco, the guilt theory is ruling on the process and cycle of tobacco including production, distribution, and promotion. Considering American rules have also revealed that some rules suggest the fact that the theory of strict liability has executive capability in light of damage compensation, but the recent approach of American legislator has deviated from this standpoint and inclined toward the theory of guilt. In any case, the writer strives at investigating the position of damage compensation and fundamentals of advertisement liability, through explaining the ruling theories in this area.