bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The JaSpe specializer: an algorithm of intra-procedural binding time analysis for programs in Java language subset
Authors: Адамович Игорь Алексеевич , Климов Юрий Андреевич
Published: February 2020

Анализ времени связывания в частичных вычислениях, нацеленных на оптимизацию программ, разделяет программные конструкции на статические и динамические. Статические конструкции исполняются специализатором, а динамические переходят в результирующую программу. Частичные вычисления применяются в основном для нетривиальной компиляции программ без компилятора, при наличии лишь интерпретатора и специализатора. Эффективность их существенно зависит от качества разметки программы, получаемой в результате анализа времени связывания.

Статья посвящена особенностям алгоритма анализа времени связывания специализатора JaSpe, разрабатываемого авторами данной публикации для широко распространенного объектно/ориентированного языка Java. Она содержит основные понятия, использованные при реализации анализа времени связывания, внутрипроцедурную версию алгоритма и обсуждение деталей анализа конструкций, использующих ссылочные типы данных.

Алгоритм отличается от предшествующих аналогов, из числа работающих с программами на объектно-ориентированных языках, нетривиальной обработкой конструкций ветвления (if, switch), циклов (for, while, do) и блочных инструкции, которые содержат последовательность других инструкций. От аналогичных алгоритмов, работающих с императивными и функциональными языками, он отличается использованием BT-объектов, которые позволяют получать более точную разметку — c большей долей статических конструкций — при обработке объектно-ориентированных программ. Алгоритм ориентирован на интерактивность и удобочитаемость результатов.
Reactions of PhIX2 I(III) Oxidants with Heavy Triphenyl Pnictines
Authors: Egalahewa Sathsara , Aprile Antonino , Dutton Jason
Published: February 2020

The reactions of [PhI(pyridine)2]2+, PhI(OAc)2 and PhI(OTf)(OAc) with Ph3As, Ph3Sb and Ph3Bi are described. The reactions of [PhI(pyridine)2]2+ with Ph3Sb and Ph3Bi affords dicationic Pn(V) complexes ligated by pyridine in one step. These were previously reported by Burford in multi step syntheses. Reactions with PhI(OAc)2, which were already known for Sb and Bi giving Pn(V) diacetates, was confirmed to give the same type of compound for As. Reactions with

PhI(OAc)(OTf) were less clean, resulting in the isolation of iodonium cations [Ph-I-Ph]+ for As and Bi, while Ph3Sb gave an oxobridged di-antimony species characteristic of the decomposition of a high valent triflate bound species.
Influence of Pore Size on Carbon Dioxide Diffusion in Two Isoreticular Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Forse Alexander C. , Colwell Kristen A. , Gonzalez Miguel I. , Benders Stefan , Torres-Gavosto Rodolfo M. , Blümich Bernhard , Reimer Jeffrey A. , Long Jeffrey R.
Published: February 2020

The rapid diffusion of molecules in porous materials is critical for numerous applications including separations, energy storage, sensing, and catalysis. A common strategy for tuning guest diffusion rates is to vary the material pore size, although detailed studies that isolate the effect of changing this particular variable are lacking. Here, we begin to address this challenge by measuring the diffusion of carbon dioxide in two isoreticular metal–organic frameworks featuring channels with different diameters, Zn2(dobdc) (dobdc4– = 2,5-dioxidobenzene-1,4-dicarboxylate) and Zn2(dobpdc) (dobpdc4− = 4,4′-dioxidobiphenyl-3,3′-dicarboxylate), using pulsed field gradient NMR spectroscopy. An increase in the pore diameter from 15 Å in Zn2(dobdc) to 22 Å in Zn2(dobpdc) is accompanied by an increase in the self-diffusion of CO2 by a factor of 4 to 6, depending on the gas pressure. Analysis of the diffusion anisotropy in Zn2(dobdc) reveals that the self-diffusion coefficient for motion of CO2 along the framework channels is at least 10,000 times greater than for motion between the framework channels. Our findings should aid the design of improved porous materials for a range of applications where diffusion plays a critical role in determining performance.
Endogenous Binding of Steroid Molecules to DNA Nucleotides by a Ca2+/PO4- Process to Enable Gene Transcription
Authors: Schaper Charles
Published: February 2020

Steroid hormones, such as cortisol, testosterone and estrogen, have powerful control over human physiology, growth, and reproduction, but efforts to deploy its potential, such as with glucocorticoids, a first-line defense of inflammation, are often met with severe side effects. Unfortunately, much is unknown about the basic interaction of steroid molecules with DNA, including its receptors, activators, factors, and the gene transcription procedure. In this research article, a remarkable finding is shown for the first time, in which it is illustrated through structural analysis that the base pairings of the four DNA nucleotides, adenine with thymine (A-T) and cytosine with guanine (C-G), form perfectly the classic four ring structure of the steroid molecule, which indicates the profound result put forth in this article that steroid molecules bind directly to DNA for the purpose of gene transcription. Further, critical to a basic understanding of DNA, it is resolved here of the location of the unusual ``missing" hydrogen bond of the A-T pairing, which has only two internal hydrogen bonds whereas C-G has three hydrogen bonds. It is shown that the third hydrogen bond for A-T is formed when the A-T nucleotide is coupled with corticosteroids, such as cortisol, which has an oxygen functional group that is perfectly positioned to form a hydrogen bond with the accessible oxygen-based functional group of thymine. In addition, to facilitate the binding process, it is shown that Ca2+ ions, which are associated with the ligand binding domain of the steroid receptor prior to its association with DNA, couple the oxygen-based functional groups at each end of the steroid molecule with the PO4- ions of adjacent nucleotides and thus bind the steroid molecule directly to the nucleic acid. The results are further amplified by analysis of the cortisol hormone and the ligand binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor in its interaction with the A-T nucleotide pairing.
Compositionally-Restricted Attention-Based Network for Materials Property Prediction
Authors: Wang Anthony , Kauwe Steven , Murdock Ryan , Sparks Taylor
Published: February 2020

In this paper, we evaluate an attention-based neural network architecture for the prediction of inorganic materials properties given access to nothing but each materials' chemical composition. We demonstrate that this novel application of self-attention for material property predictions strikingly outperforms both statistical and ensemble machine learning methods, as well as a fully-connected neural network.This Compositionally-Restricted Attention-Based network, referred to as CrabNet, is associated with improved test metrics across six of seven different tested materials properties from the AFLOW database. Moreover, we show that CrabNet outperforms other methods in the absence of chemical information, even when the statistical and ensemble learning techniques are given domain-specific chemical knowledge about the materials. Given its impressive improvement in predictive accuracy compared to previous methods, as well as its minimal hardware requirements for training and prediction, we feel confident that CrabNet, and the ideas explored within, will be central for future materials informatics research.
Random Forest Machine Learning Models for Interpretable X-Ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure Spectrum-Property Relationships
Authors: Torrisi Steven , Carbone Matthew , Rohr Brian , Montoya Joseph H. , Ha Yang , Yano Junko , Suram Santosh , Hung Linda
Published: February 2020

X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) produces a wealth of information about the local structure of materials, but interpretation of spectra often relies on easily accessible trends and prior assumptions about the structure. Recently, researchers have demonstrated that machine learning models can automate this process to predict the coordinating environments of absorbing atoms from their XAS spectra. However, machine learning models are often difficult to interpret, making it challenging to determine when they are valid and whether they are consistent with physical theories. In this work, we present three main advances to the data-driven analysis of XAS spectra: we demonstrate the efficacy of random forests in solving two new property determination tasks (predicting Bader charge and mean nearest neighbor distance), we show that multiscale featurization can elucidate the regions and trends in spectra that encode various local properties, and we address the effect of normalization on model interpretability. The multiscale featurization transforms the spectrum into a vector of polynomial-fit features, and is contrasted with the commonly-used "pointwise" featurization that directly uses the entire spectrum as input. We find that across thousands of transition metal oxide spectra, the relative importance of features describing the curvature of the spectrum can be localized to individual energy ranges, and we can separate the importance of constant, linear, quadratic, and cubic trends, as well as the white line energy. This work has the potential to assist rigorous theoretical interpretations, expedite experimental data collection, and automate analysis of XAS spectra, thus accelerating discovery of new functional materials.
Optimization of meat analog production from concentrated soy protein and yam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) powder using pasta machine
Authors: Lindriati T. , Herlina H. , Arbiantara H. , Asrofi M.
Published: February 2020

The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of Xanthosoma sagitifolium
powder (XSP), mixing time and water on meat analog characters and to optimize these
parameters in meat analog production using Response Surface Methodology with BoxBehnken design. Meat analog is produced from mixing XSP and concentrated soy protein
using a household pasta machine. The observation was made at the range of XSP
proportion 0 - 80%, mixing time 6 - 18 mins and water addition 70 - 150%. Fourier
Transform Infra-red (FTIR) was employed to determine the alteration of the functional
bond. The results of FTIR observation showed that the highest intensity obtained when
XSP proportion, mixing time and water addition are 20%, 9 mins and 140% respectively.
The experimental data obtained from the Box-Behnken design was in accordance with the
second order polynomial equation. Moreover, the 3D response surface derived from
mathematical models was used to optimize the production condition. The optimum
production conditions are XSP proportion of 30%, water addition of 140% and mixing
time of 12 mins which produced meat analog having WHC of 145.3542±5.7384%, OHC
of 43.7869±7.8725% and texture of 90.32±0.37 gr/mm.
Hubungan karakteristik dengan kejadian depresi pada lansia
Authors: Herawati Novi , Deharnita Deharnita
Published: February 2020

Depresi merupakan gangguan psikiatrik yang sangat sering terjadi pada lanjut usia. Faktor penyebab depresi lansia antara lain ditinggal oleh semua anak, tidak lagi bekerja, tidak mempunyai kegiatan, kematian orang yang dicintai. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan karakteristik dengan tingkat depresi pada lansia di panti sosial tresna werdha Sicincin tahun 2018. Penelitian ini merupakan studi analisis dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Variabel penelitian yaitu umur, jenis kelamin, pendidikan dan lama tinggal, serta tingkat depresi. Populasinya seluruh lansia di PSTW, jumlah 110 orang. Teknik sampling secara total sampling. Analisa bivariat dengan uji chi square. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa sebagian besar lansia mengalami depresi, berusia beresiko yaitu > 65 tahun, mayoritas lansia berjenis kelamin laki-laki, tingkat pendidikan lansia mayoritas rendah,  lama tinggal lansia di panti sebagian besar beresiko ≥ 4 tahun. Uji bivariatnya tidak ada hubungan umur, jenis kelamin dan lama tinggal dengan depresi serta ada hubungan tingkat pendidikan dengan depresi. Kata kunci: depresi, karakteristik lansia RELATIONSHIP CHARACTERISTICS WITH INCIDENCE OF DEPRESSION IN THE ELDERLY ABSTRACTDepression is a psychiatric disorder that is very common in the elderly. Factors causing depression in the elderly include being abandoned by all children, no longer working, no activity, death of a loved one. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of characteristics with the level of depression in the elderly in the social home of Vesna Sicincin in 2018. This study was an analytical study with a cross sectional approach. The research variables are age, sex, education and length of stay, and the level of depression. The population is all elderly in PSTW, the number of 110 people. Sampling technique in total sampling. Bivariate analysis with chi square test. The results showed that most of the elderly are depressed, aged at risk that is> 65 years, the majority of the elderly are male, the majority of the elderly's education level is low, the length of stay of the elderly at home is mostly at risk ≥ 4 years. The bivariate test had no relationship with age, sex and length of stay with depression and there was a relationship between education level and depression. Keywords: depression, characteristics of the elderly
Intervensi keperawatan terhadap self efficacy keluarga pasien skizofrenia
Authors: Rokhyati Rokhyati , Dwidiyanti Meidiana , Sari Sri Padma
Published: February 2020

Keluarga merupakan orang-orang yang terkena dampak langsung dari anggota keluarga penderita skizofrenia. Keluarga juga pihak yang menderita seperti halnya penderita skizofrenia, bahkan skizofrenia merupakan gangguan yang dapat berlangsung seumur hidup, menjadi beban finansial dan emosional yang berat serta berkepanjangan bagi keluarga. Keluarga menanggung beban stigma yang cenderung melekat kepada keluarga yang mempunyai anggota keluarga penderita skizofrenia. Keluarga dalam merawat penderita skizofrenia membutuhkan self efficacy. Intervensi keperawatan diperlukan untuk meningkatkan self efficacy keluarga, memperkuat strategi koping, mencegah kekambuhan skizofrenia, meningkatkan fungsi keluarga dan menurunkan beban keluarga. Literatur review ini bertujuan mengetahui intervensi- intervensi yang digunakan terhadap self efficacy keluarga dengan skizofrenia. Metode yang digunakan menggunakan review artikel dan Jurnal keperawatan dari tahun 2007 sampai dengan tahun 2018. Hasil berbagai intervensi yang dilakukan menunjukkan perubahan yang bermakna terhadap self efficacy.Simpulan perawat perlu mengetahui berbagai intervensi keperawatan terhadap self efficacy keluarga untuk meningkatkan kemampuan keluarga dalam merawat dan penerimaan terhadap penderita dengan skizofrenia. Saran perlu dikembangkan intervensi keperawatan untuk lebih meningkatkan selft efficacy keluarga antara lain intervensi keperawatan Mindfulness Spiritual Islam. Kata Kunci : intervensi keperawatan, self effycacy, keluarga skizofrenia  NURSING INTERVENTION OF FAMILY SELF EFFICACY SKIZOFRENIA PATIENTS ABSTRACTThe family is an affected parent directly from a family member with schizophrenia. Families also suffer from schizophrenia, even schizophrenia is a disorder that can last a lifetime, a heavy and prolonged financial and emotional burden on the family.Families bear the burden of stigma that tends to cling to families that have family members with schizophrenia.Families in treating schizophrenia need self efficacy. Nursing interventions are needed to improve family self-efficacy, strengthen coping strategies, prevent schizophrenia recurrence, improve family function and reduce family burden. This literature review aims to find out which interventions are used against family self-efficacy with schizophrenia. The method used uses a review of articles and nursing journals from 2007 to 2018. The results of various interventions conducted showed significant changes to self efficacy. Conclusions nurses need to know a variety of nursing interventions to family self efficacy to improve the ability of families to care for and receive patients with schizophrenia. Suggestions need to be developed nursing interventions to further improve the family efficacy, including Islamic Spiritual Mindfulness nursing interventions. Keywords: nursing interventions, self effycacy, schizophrenia family
Efektivitas Terapi Kelompok Assertiveness Training terhadap Kemampuan Komunikasi Asertif pada Remaja dengan Perilaku Agresif
Authors: Yunalia Endang Mei , Etika Arif Nurma
Published: February 2020

Komunikasi merupakan dasar dari seluruh kegiatan interaksi sosial dalam kehidupan sehari – hari. Salah satu tujuan komunikasi adalah untuk meyampaikan keinginan dan perasaan pada orang lain, dimana dalam menyampaikan keinginan dan perasaan hendaknya penting untuk tetap memperhatikan hak orang lain atau yang disebut juga dengan komunikasi asertif. Kurangnya kemampuan remaja dalam melakukan komunikasi asertif menyebabkan tingginya kejadian perilaku agresif pada remaja. Kemampuan komunikasi asertif dapat ditingkatkan dengan memberikan terapi kelompok Asssertiveness Training. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektivitas terapi kelompok Assertiveness Training terhadap kemampuan komunikasi asertif pada remaja dengan perilaku agresif. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Quasy Eksperimental menggunakan rancangan one group pre – post test with kontrol design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah remaja dengan perilaku agresif. Sampel berjumlah 36 responden yang dipilih menggunakan purposive sampling yang terbagi dalam 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan p=0,004 (p-value<0,05), yang berarti terdapat pengaruh terapi kelompok Asssertiveness Training terhadap kemampuan komunikasi asertif pada remaja dengan perilaku agresif. Kata kunci: assertiveness training, komunikasi asertif, perilaku agresif, remaja EFFECTIVENESS OF ASSERTIVENESS TRAINING GROUP THERAPY ON ASSERTIVENESS COMMUNICATION SKILLS IN ADOLESCENTS WITH AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOUR ABSTRACTCommunication is the basis of social interaction activities. One of the  communication goals is to convey the wishes and feelings of others, where in conveying the desires and feelings it should be important to pay attention to the rights of others, this is also called assertive communication. The high incidence of aggressive behavior in adolescents one of which is caused by the lack of ability of adolescents in assertive communication. Assertive communication skills can be improved by providing Assertiveness Training group therapy. Research objectives to determine the effectiveness of Assertiveness Training group therapy on assertive communication skills in adolescents with aggressive behavior. This study use Quasy Experimental, one group pre – post test with kontrol design. The population in this study is adolescents with aggressive behavior. A sample of 36 respondents were selected using purposive sampling which is divided into 2 groups namely the intervention group and a control group. Data analysis using  Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. The eresults showed that p=0,004 (p-value<0,05), it  means there is an influence of Assertiveness Training group therapy on assertive communication skills in adolescents with aggressive behavior.  Keywords: assertiveness training, assertiveness communication, aggressive bahavior, adolescents
Dampak Internet Gaming Disorder terhadap Status Kognitif dan Perilaku Psikopatologis
Authors: Marlaokta Marlaokta , Mutiara Rika
Published: February 2020

Internet Gaming Disorder  atau IGD merupakan suatu fenomena yang muncul akibat dari ketidakmampuan mengontrol penggunaan internet dan video games dan sangat popular saat ini. Sejak tahun 2012, lebih dari 1 miliyar orang memainkan internet atau video games. Saat ini IGD sudah resmi dimasukkan sebagai gangguan dalam sistem diagnostik umum (DSM-5). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis gambaran perilaku remaja dan gangguan status kognitif, seperti hambatan aktivitas, gangguan tidur, dan kestabilan emosi. Metode dilakukan dengan menggunakan review artikel dari tahun 2009-2019 yang menggunakan 2 kelompok percobaan, diantara kelompok kontrol dan kelompok pasien pengidap internet gaming disorder. Kedua kelompok tersebut dilakukan pemeriksaan status kognitif dan gambaran perilaku menggunakan kuosioner dan wawancara. Hasil berbagai penelitian yang dilakukan menunjukkan pengaruh yang kuat antara IGD dan gangguan status kognitif, emosi serta perilaku. Simpulan penelitian adalah terdapat pengaruh antara IGD dengan perilaku psikopatologis seperti interpersonal sensitivity, depresi, kecemasan, paranoid, dan gangguan tidur serta berdampak pada penurunan gangguan fungsi kognitif, terutama pada domain atensi. Kata kunci : internet gaming disorder, status kognitif, perilaku psikopatologi THE IMPACT OF INTERNET GAMING DISORDER TO COGNITIVE STATUS AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR ABSTRACTInternet Gaming Disorder is a phenomenon that arises due to inability to control the use of internet and video games, and has become a topic very popular. Since 2012, more than 1 billion people have played interned or video games. Internet Gaming Disorder officialy included in the third section of the latest (fifth) edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-5). This study aims to analyze adolescent’s behavior, cognitive status disorder, such as activity barriers, sleep disorder, and emotional stability. The method is analyzing the articles from 2009-2019 that used 2 experimental groups, between the control group and the IGD group. Both groups were examined cognitive status and behavioral description using questionnaires and interview. The result of various studies showed a strong correlation between IGD and cognitive status, emotional and behavior. The conclusion of the study, that there is a correlation between IGD with psychopathological behavior such as interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, paranoid, and sleep disturbance, experience disorder of cognitive impairment, especially in the attention domain. Keywords : internet gaming disorder, cognitive status, psychopathological behavior
El voluntariado como determinante del dominio emocional y la resiliencia
Authors: Jurado-Pérez María Daniela , Salvador-Ferrer Carmen , Rodríguez-Fernández Ascensión Gumersinda
Published: February 2020

El presente estudio pretende aportar evidencias sobre la relación entre el voluntariado, la inteligencia emocional y la resiliencia. Se cuenta con una muestra de 47 estudiantes de Trabajo Social. Se recogió información con las escalas: Motivación de Voluntariado, Trait Meta-Mood y Escala de resiliencia. Los resultados evidencian que los estudiantes valoran positivamente la práctica de voluntariado. Además, descubrimos una relación entre el conocimiento obtenido con la práctica de voluntariado, la regulación emocional y la perseverancia. Por último, se ofreció un modelo teórico causal de mediación que explica la relación existente entre estas variables. En concreto, los datos indican que el conocimiento influye en la regulación emocional y que ésta afecta a la perseverancia. Finalmente, las consecuencias prácticas de este estudio subrayan la necesidad de fomentar  la práctica de voluntariado.
La influencia jurídica en los trabajos de fin de grado en trabajo social en la Universidad de Salamanca
Authors: Saavedra Gutiérrez María
Published: February 2020

Durante los últimos años, los Trabajos de Fin de Grado (TFG) han emergido como una importante fuente de información e investigación en el campo académico del Trabajo Social. En esta comunicación se analiza la influencia del Derecho y las estrategias metodológicas empleadas por el alumnado del grado en Trabajo Social de la Universidad de Salamanca durante los años 2012-18. Se han estudiado un total de 781 trabajos. Como conclusiones principales podemos destacar la hegemonía de la metodología cuantitativa, la prevalencia de temáticas contextualizadas en el marco del Derecho, y en el ámbito del Derecho Público General como temática recurrente
Infancia en los márgenes
Authors: Gutiérrez Sánchez José David , Alcalá del Olmo Fernández María José
Published: February 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la situación de niños y niñas de procedencia rumana y etnia gitana asentados junto con sus familias en el asentamiento chabolista de El Gallinero (Madrid). Esta investigación cualitativa parte de un trabajo de campo iniciado en 2010 y llevado a cabo hasta 2018. Como punto de partida y para fundamentar la temática de forma teórica, se llevó a cabo un análisis de documentación y legislación en materia de inclusión social y contextos de riesgo. De la misma forma, se tuvo en cuenta cómo dichos contextos mermaban la calidad de vida de sus habitantes y de qué modo catalizaban la movilidad humana entre diversos países de la Unión Europea, afectando al desarrollo físico y psicológico de los niños y niñas que formaban parte de los mismos. La degradación del entorno y las complicaciones existentes dentro de la implementación de proyectos de intervención social, requieren de intervenciones que se adapten aún más a las necesidades comunitarias y la cultura. En este artículo mostramos el trabajo empírico desarrollado tanto con las familias como con las entidades sociales intervinientes en el asentamiento.
Análisis estratégico sobre la migración del talento en el ámbito de la Unión Europea
Authors: Latorre Martínez María Pilar , Ferrer Serrano Marta , Hermoso Traba Ramón
Published: February 2020

Introducción: Este artículo se centra, en primera instancia, en poner de relieve la importancia que tiene la movilidad de los recursos humanos y en concreto de talento en la Unión Europea, bajo la premisa de que este fenómeno en la actualidad continúa intensificándose, debido a la profunda competencia que existe.

Metodología: La parte central del trabajo consiste en la recopilación de datos desde dos perspectivas diferentes: económica y educativa. A continuación, se procede al análisis de dichos datos cuantitativos a través de correlaciones estadísticas (coeficiente de Pearson).

Resultados: Se obtiene una serie de resultados que ponen de manifiesto la relación existente entre las variables objeto de estudio. En concreto, se hayan distintas correlaciones estadísticas significativas.  

Conclusión: La interrelación de las variables macroeconómicas y educativas seleccionadas en este estudio aportan información relevante que pone de manifiesto el panorama general de la movilidad del talento de la Unión Europea dejando ver los nuevos retos a los que se enfrenta de manera general y de manera individual los países miembros.
Protagonistas del cambio
Authors: Espí Hernández Alejandro
Published: February 2020

Resumen

En el presente trabajo efectuamos un abordaje por diferentes variables que nos permiten comprender el nivel de participación y preferencias políticas de los jóvenes españoles a lo largo de la actual democracia. Unos indicadores de participación electoral que, partiendo de nuestras hipótesis, nos demuestran que los jóvenes participan en elecciones generales en menor porcentaje que los adultos y se ubican ligeramente a la izquierda respecto del resto de grupos etarios. En relación a las preferencias partidarias, el estudio demuestra que los diferentes cambios de color político en España, coinciden con un cambio en las preferencias partidarias de los jóvenes, pero no con aumentos de participación electoral entre aquellos. A propósito de esto último, constatamos en el trabajo la existencia de un “abstencionismo estructural” entre el electorado joven. En suma, el trabajo demuestra el desinterés por la política entre la población joven española, acompañada de una abstención que tiene componente facultativo. Concluimos demostrando el papel protagónico de los jóvenes en las alternancias de poder en España entre 1982 y 2016.
Application of hermeneutics and transcendental pragmatics in linguistics
Authors: Kanerva Oksana
Published: February 2020

The paper proposes a brief overview of tendencies in pragmatics (evolution of sign perception as a dyadic::triadic::quadratic entity; its interpretation not as a static, but dynamic, discourse bound phenomenon, analysis of Peirce’s views on sources of rational explanation), paying major attention to Apel’s distinctive philosophical approach, known as transcendental pragmatics, its congeniality with general principles of hermeneutics and potentials of its application in linguistics.
Pre-service teachers’ views on their general pedagogy practice: An analysis of trainees’ reflections
Authors: Aleksandrowska Olga , Gilis-Siek Joanna
Published: February 2020

The aim of the paper is to present the reflections of pre-service teachers of English of their general pedagogy practice. Their views on different aspects of the practicum are content-analysed as well as the feasibility of the tasks assigned to them during the field experience is verified. The first part contains an overview of selected issues related to teaching practice, among others the theory-practice gap, competences of a modern foreign language teacher, with special focus on his or her role of an educator, emotions accompanying the trainees’ field experience as well as relations between the university practicum coordinator, a school mentor and a trainee. There are also some considerations devoted to reflectivity, critical incidents and instruments supporting and monitoring effectiveness of the internship. The second part of the paper focuses on the small-scale qualitative study based on the reflections of first-year English philology students performing their general pedagogy practicum as part of their teaching specialisation. The article closes with some remarks related to the research findings.
Method of measuring the effort related to post-editing machine translated outputs produced in the English>Polish language pair by Google, Microsoft and DeepL MT engines: A pilot study
Authors: Kur Maciej
Published: February 2020

This article presents the methodology and results of a pilot study concerning the impact of three popular and widely accessible machine translation engines (developed by Google, Microsoft and DeepL companies) on the pace of post-editing work and on the general effort related to post-editing of raw MT outputs. Fourteen volunteers were asked to translate and post-edit two source texts of similar characters and levels of complexity. The results of their work were collected and compared to develop a set of quantitative and qualitative data, which was later used to make assumptions related to the general rate of postediting work and the quality of the post-edited sentences produced by the subjects. The aim of the pilot study described below was to determine whether the applied method can be successfully used in more profound studies on the quality and impact of machine translation in the English->Polish language pair and on the potential of MT solutions on the Polish translation market.
Game localization pitfalls: Translation and multitextuality
Authors: Nawrocka Ewa B.
Published: February 2020

From the translator’s perspective multitextuality is one of the major challenges of video games localization. The translator needs to cope with texts spanning from the most standard, such as error messages, to the most creative, for example poems. Although every game is unique, it is possible to observe some commonalities with respect to textual genres and text types in video games. Various text types play diverse functions, their content is outstandingly multifarious and they include both standard and creative style and terminology. All of this leads to an assertion that they call for different translation approaches: a standard approach, a creative approach or a mixed approach.
Game localization pitfalls: Translating variables and gender
Authors: Nawrocka Ewa B.
Published: February 2020

Variables and gender constitute game localization pitfalls due to the fact that games are interactive entertainment software and contain dynamically generated content. Variables pose a problem in languages (such as Polish) which use inflection (conjugation and declination). Gender is an issue as the player, the characters the player creates, and the characters the player encounters in the game world can be male or female. Gender neutrality is a requirement not only in all messages directed to the player but also in plot related texts such as dialogs and journals. The present article seeks to investigate the subject of variables and gender in order to determine some strategies for dealing with these pitfalls.
Measles outbreak in Dubrovnik-Neretva County, Croatia, May to June 2018
Authors: Tomljenovic Morana , Lakic Mato , Vilibic-Cavlek Tatjana , Kurecic Filipovic Sanja , Visekruna Vucina Vesna , Babic-Erceg Andrea , Ljubic Miljenko , Pem Novosel Iva , Ilic Maja , Tabain Irena , Ivancic-Jelecki Jelena , Hansen Lisa , Kaic Bernard
Published: February 2020

In May 2018, measles was introduced in the Dubrovnik region by an adult who recently travelled to Kosovo*. Control measures and an outbreak investigation were implemented: 15 epidemiologically-linked cases met the outbreak case definition of a visitor/resident of Dubrovnik-Neretva County with laboratory-confirmed measles and symptom onset beginning on May 19. New cases were identified through hospitals and primary care physicians. Throat swabs, urine and/or serum samples were collected from outbreak cases. RT-PCR detection of viral RNA and IgM/IgG was used to confirm infection. The median age of cases was 33 years, with one 8 month-old infant. Vaccination status was unknown for 9 cases, three were unvaccinated, one case had history of one dose and two cases reported receiving two doses of measles-containing vaccine. There were 11 hospitalisations and one person developed pneumonia. Control teams undertook an extensive search of contacts and implemented a range of control measures. Despite the outbreak occurring at the beginning of the summer tourism season, it was contained and did not spread to neighbouring regions. With continuing measles transmission in Europe, even small outbreaks create a burden on the health system in countries which have eliminated measles, and illustrate the importance of maintaining high immunisation coverage.
Interim estimates of 2019/20 vaccine effectiveness during early-season co-circulation of influenza A and B viruses, Canada, February 2020
Authors: Skowronski Danuta M , Zou Macy , Sabaiduc Suzana , Murti Michelle , Olsha Romy , Dickinson James A , Gubbay Jonathan B , Croxen Matthew A , Charest Hugues , Jassem Agatha , Krajden Mel , Bastien Nathalie , Li Yan , De Serres Gaston
Published: February 2020

Interim results from Canada's Sentinel Practitioner Surveillance Network show that during a season characterised by early co-circulation of influenza A and B viruses, the 2019/20 influenza vaccine has provided substantial protection against medically-attended influenza illness. Adjusted VE overall was 58% (95% confidence interval (CI): 47 to 66): 44% (95% CI: 26 to 58) for A(H1N1)pdm09, 62% (95% CI: 37 to 77) for A(H3N2) and 69% (95% CI: 57 to 77) for influenza B viruses, predominantly B/Victoria lineage.
Influence of Establishment Methods on Yield and Yield Parameters of Finger Millet (Eleusine Coracana L. Gaertn) in Ward 24, Zaka District
Authors: Sakadzo Nyasha , Bvekwa Gift , Makaza Kasirayi
Published: February 2020

Finger millet is a climate compliant crop; its production remains low due to poor establishment methods. A field experiment was conducted during the rainy season of 2018/19 at Dorcas Charare plot in ward 24, Zaka district to investigate the effects of establishment methods on yield and yield parameters of finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three treatments namely broadcasting, hand drilling and transplanting replicated three times. Results on grain yield showed that transplanting method had the highest yield of 0.51t/ha whilst drilling and broadcasting scored 0.40t/ha and 0.35t/ha respectively. Transplanting method significantly (p<0.05) influenced higher number of tillers (7.13) per hill followed by drilling (2.40) and lastly broadcasting (2.13). Significant differences (p<0.05) were noted on panicle number with transplanting scoring the highest (8.13) and broadcasting the lowest (3.13). It can be concluded from the study that transplanting method realized a higher panicle number, tiller number and grain yield. Farmers must adopt transplanting as an establishment method in finger millet production.
Effects of Piers on Water Recession on the Southern Shores of Winam Gulf, Homa- Bay County, Kenya
Authors: J. Otieno, , C. Otieno, A.
Published: February 2020

Piers are important man-made water vessel landing facilities in lakes and seas. A study on the effects of piers on water recession was conducted on the Southern shores of Winam Gulf of lake Victoria, Homa Bay County in Kenya. It was conducted in three pier points namely Kendu Bay, Kowour/Homa Lime and Homa Bay. The study aimed at explaining a phenomenon whereby the Western side of the piers on the Southern shores of the gulf, having more water recession than on their Eastern side. This unique phenomenon has not been sufficiently researched on hence, instigated the research. It collected data on the length of recession at the sides of the piers, directions of water currents flow based on devised simple current simulator and empirical studies. Google map and Landsat map techniques were used for aerial data collection. Ground truthing was carried out to corroborate the findings of the aerial data based on physical ground measurement and observation. The result had it that the sides of the piers facing currents directly were more recessed than the opposite sides. Homa Bay pier had its Western side 38m shorter than the Eastern side which had only receded 2m. Kowuor/Homa Lime pier had its Northern side 32m more recessed than the Southern side. The drenching works at Kendu Bay pier at the time of study, made it impossible to accurately measure its sides under recession. However, it showed the same trend based on Landsat and Google maps data. The data were presented using photographs, ‘current rose,’ maps and diagrams.
Assessing Urban Growth Dynamics and Depletion of Agricultural Land Use in Akure Region, Nigeria
Authors: Owoeye J.O.
Published: February 2020

This study examined the Akure urban growth dynamics and the impact on agricultural land use in the region between 1985 and 2014. It makes use of Aerial Imagery Interpolation (AII) of Landsat imagery of 1986, 2002, 2007 and 2014 to determine LULC change pattern, the extent and direction of the expansion. As at 1986, only 5.1% (6384 ha.) of land area was developed while over 90% were covered with thick (64.5%) and light (30.33%) vegetation which were lands used for agricultural purposes. By 2014, the built-up area had increased to 26.33% while the thick vegetation reduced drastically to 15.6%. Further investigation revealed that the growth dynamics and loss of agricultural land use in the region were products of increased population and continued urbanization process. There were incompatible conversions in LULC and unguided expansions leading to undue encroachment into green areas at the suburbs. With the aid of Markov chain model, the trend was predicted over a period of 20 years (2014-2034). Variability in this relationship suggests the need of concerted urban growth management efforts by different stakeholders in urban planning to check the shoddy expansion with a view to securing agricultural lands for sustainable food security in the region.
Comparative Analysis of the Physical and Chemical Properties of Uzbekistan's Basalts and Ways of Solutions to the Problems of Choice of Raw Processing Directions
Authors: T. Nurmatov J. , A. Kurbanov A. , K. Rashidova R.
Published: February 2020

This article highlights the common use of petrographic processes in basalt processing. At present, basalt is being processed by liquefaction only. Heat fibers, tiles, cement, fittings, and nets are taken from the basalt. For this reason this article states that the range of products to be purchased is small. And to increase the assortment, it is proved by the fact that basalt basin should not be confined to liquefied processing. Chemical composition of basalt. Depending on the chemical composition of the basalt, the technology of their processing is selected and determined. The article is based on the same principle that the dry method of drying basalt without liquefaction is put forward. Below are the names of products that can be obtained on dry bases processing. This is justified by the fact that it increases the range of basalt products. However, it is advisable to follow two methods of basalt processing in the future. These methods, which are recommended by the authors, have undergone a production trial and received positive assessments; the test report has also been presented.
PENGARUH MEDIA PUZZLE AKSARA JAWA TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MENULIS AKSARA JAWA
Authors: Setiawan Bamas Aprihadi
Published: February 2020

Javanese letter is an original Indonesian culture heritage. As a part its conservation, on 2 October 2009, UNICODE, as an institution under UNESCO, determined that Javanese letter was equally admitted what the other letter over the world such as Latin, Chinese, Arabic, and Japanese. However, this condition was not balanced with the development of the Javanese letter in Indonesia, especially by the Javanese people. This research was aimed at revealing more effect of the puzzle media of Javanese letter toward the student competence in writing Javanese Letter in class III-A as the control class and class III B as the experiment class. All the student of class III are homogeny, therefore the sampling technique used Simple Random Sampling. The data collection in this research was by test results. The data was calculated by normal, homogeny test and t-test. The result of student and was accepted therefore the puzzled media after better toward the students' competence in writing and reading Javanese Letter.
Influence Of Total Body Controlled Hyperthermic Perfusion on Levels of Heat Shock Proteins 70 kDa in Patients with Active Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Krikunov A. A. , Koltunova A. B.
Published: February 2020

Development of infective endocarditis initiates a complex immunological response of the organism changing over time: the prevalence of pro-and anti-inflammatory mechanisms at the beginning is replaced by immunosuppression. A significant role in antigen presentation, cross-presentation, activation of macrophages and lymphocytes play the heat shock proteins 70 kDa (HSP).

The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between systemic inflammatory response and HSP 70 kDa values in patients operated on under the total body controlled hyper-thermic perfusion (TBCHP).

Materials and methods.The study included 18 patients with active infective valve endocarditis operated from 01.01.2016 to 01.01.2017 with the use of TBCHP. Assessment of the relationship between clinical characteristics of patients with infective endocarditis and the level of heat shock protein 70 kDa was performed preoperatively, 2 hours after TBCHP, 8 hours after TBCHP, 20 hours after TBCHP.

Results.The presence of high levels of heat shock proteins 70 kDa (5.6 ± 3.3 ng/ml) pre-operatively indicated the depression of cellular and humoral immunity. Reduction in total blood plasma protein level as an indicator of catabolism was also combined with the registration of higher values of HSP70 kDa. After 2 hours after TBCHP a wide range of HSP 70 kDa levels was observed. A blood test performed after 2 hours after TBCHP showed HSP70 kDa – average level of 6.06 ± 3.8 ng/ml. Values range between 0.96 to 9.08 ng/ml. According to these data it was possible to distinguish two subgroups of patients who differ significantly in the average values of HSP70 kDa after TBCHP. There was a general tendency to reduce the values of HSP 70kDa from the initial preoperative level to the end of 20 hour after TBCHP – 5.6 ± 3.3 ng/ml and 1.6 ± 0.68 ng/ml correspondingly (p = 0.116).

Conclusion. Taking into account the previously identified preoperative relationships between HSP70 kDa level and clinical parameters of patients we may suggest that reduction of HSP 70 kDa corresponds with elimination of signs of the syndrome of persistent inflammation, immunosuppression and catabolism.
Die anthropologischen Dissertationen aus dem Jenaer Anthropologischen Institut von den 1930er bis zu den 2010er Jahren*
Authors: Pittelkow Jörg , Hoßfeld Uwe
Published: February 2020

Das Beispiel des Jenaer Anthropologischen Institutes zeigt sehr eindrücklich, in welch großem Maße Forschungseinrichtungen auf wissenschaftliche Leistungen angewiesen sind, die von externen Doktoranden erbracht werden – dies umso mehr, je kleiner der eigene Personalkörper ist. Von der Institutsgründung im Jahr 1930 bis Anfang der 1960er Jahre basierte die Forschungsleistung des Instituts nahezu ausschließlich auf Promotionen. Auch mit dem Anwachsen der Zahl der befristet oder fest angestellten Mitarbeiter verringerte sich die Bedeutung der externen Promovierenden nicht. Die Themen folgten der jeweiligen Ausrichtung des Instituts, speziell der Verbindung zur Völkerkunde beziehungsweise dann zur Humangenetik, und dem Methoden- und Erkenntnisfortschritt des Faches, beispielsweise beim Wechsel von typologischen zu populationsgenetischen Auffassungen. Daneben zeigt sich der Nutzen der phänotypischen Erfassung von Merkmalen auf der Grundlage anthropologischer Standardverfahren für die medizinische Diagnostik. Gerade in der Skelettanthropologie waren die überwiegend von Medizinern vorgenommenen morphologischen, anatomischen und pathologischen Untersuchungen für die Rekonstruktion der biologischen Situation früherer Bevölkerungen wesentlich. Für viele Untersuchungen bildete der „Fundus“ des Instituts, nämlich die Skelettsammlung und die Daten der Schulkinderuntersuchungen, die Grundlage. Auch in Bezug auf die Herkunft der Doktoranden und Diplomanden zeigt sich der integrierende, brückenschlagende Charakter der biologischen Anthropologie. Neben den hier nicht berücksichtigten Arbeiten zur Völkerkunde und Humangenetik entstanden derzeit nachweisbar 104 anthropologisch orientierte Dissertationen und fünf Habilitationen. Zudem gab es zahlreiche Mitbetreuungen vor allem (zahn)medizinischer Arbeiten, die auf dem im Institut magazinierten Skelettmaterial oder auf am Lebenden gewonnenen Daten basierten.
Ethnographie, Ethnologie und Anthropologie im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert: Einheit, Vielfalt und Zusammenhang
Authors: Vermeulen Han F.
Published: February 2020

Die Geschichte der Ethnologie beginnt für viele erst ab 1860 mit Adolf Bastian in Deutschland und E.B. Tylor in England oder ab 1887 mit Franz Boas in den USA. So kann man es in den Lehrbüchern lesen: Die Wurzeln der Ethnologie liegen im 19. Jahrhundert; in Deutschland fängt die Ethnologie mit Bastian an. Ähnlich wird die Genese der Anthropologie oft mit dem Wirken von Rudolf Virchow in Berlin verbunden. Meine Recherchen haben jedoch ergeben, dass beide Disziplinen bereits im 18. Jahrhundert entstanden sind, und zwar als parallele Entwicklungen in unterschiedlichen Wissensbereichen. Im Vortrag werde ich hierauf Bezug nehmen und zeigen, dass die Ethnographie 1732-1747 im Rahmen der Erforschung Sibiriens von dem Historiker G.F. Müller als eine beschreibende und vergleichende Studie aller Völker hervortrat; dass die Ethnologie 1771-1775 von A.L. Schlözer in Göttingen als eine allgemeine Völkerkunde eingeführt und 1781-1783 von A.F. Kollár in Wien als ethnologia definiert wurde; und dass die Anthropologie als eine "Naturgeschichte des Menschen" durch Linné in den Jahren 1735-1758, durch Buffon von 1749 bis 1777 und durch Blumenbach in den Jahren 1775-1795 herausgebildet wurde. Diese Entwicklungen kann man bis zur Gründung der BGAEU im Jahr 1869 gut nachvollziehen