bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emerging Threats in the Age of Pandemics: A Focus on COVID-19 and the Novel Sub-Variant EG 5 ("Eris"): Review Article
Authors: Alsayed Raghda , Thamer Hamsa , Hameed Seenar , Kadhom Mohammed , Hairunisa Nany , Amalia Husnun , Mashabi Yasmine , Ahmed Dina , Mahdi Sarah , Husain Amani , Salman Israa , Yousif Emad
Published: September 2024

This paper draws attention to a recently identified sub-variant of SARS-CoV-2 known as EG 5, colloquially named "Eris," designated by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a variant of interest. The organization has urged nations to monitor and respond to the spread of this sub-variant since its identification on February 17, 2023. The discovery of the EG 5 variant, a sublineage of the Omicron variant, has introduced new challenges. Designated a "variant of interest" by the WHO, EG 5 carries distinctive genetic mutations, including an additional F456L amino acid mutation in the spike protein. Global prevalence has doubled, raising concerns about increased transmissibility. Although specific symptoms of EG 5 are not yet fully characterized, the variant has spread to 51 countries, with over 7,000 reported cases by August 15, 2023. The manuscript also explores the unique situation in Iraq, where, as of August 17, 2023, no EG 5 cases have been officially recorded. However, challenges such as self-treatment at. As the world grapples with the ongoing challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic, understanding the dynamics of emerging variants is crucial for effective public health responses and the development of targeted interventions.
Algorithm postmastectomy breast reconstruction secondary to breast cancer in a reference center in Mexico City
Authors: Sánchez-Castrejón Esperanza , Garza-Arriaga Daniel , González-Espinosa Aaron
Published: September 2024

Background: Postmastectomy breast reconstruction represents a challenge for the plastic surgeon. Contemporary techniques offer numerous options, the reconstructive procedure performed depends on the individual profile of each patient, but will also be influenced by the surgeon's preoperative analysis of their individualized risk profile.
Methods: Descriptive, longitudinal, and retrospective study. The reconstructed patients with breast cancer sequelae in the period from May 2023 to May 2024 were included. Based on the review of the literature and the experience of our center, a proposal for a breast reconstruction algorithm was formulated to standardize the ideal surgical treatment according to the case.
Results: 119 patients were reconstructed using the algorithm to decide the ideal surgical management. Breast reconstruction was performed in 3 stages: the first stage [1st BRS] (119 patients) consisted of a tissue expander, breast implant ± acellular dermal matrix or autologous pedicled flaps after the mastectomy; in the 2nd BRS (68 patients) the expander was replaced with an implant with or without contralateral symmetrization; and finally in the 3rd BRS (18 patients), the reconstruction of the nipple-areola complex ± neurotization, autologous fat transfer and scar remodeling was performed.
Conclusions: The algorithm proposed in this paper provides a guide for making decisions about ideal surgical management according to the clinical characteristics of each subgroup of patients to be reconstructed, improving results by making them reliable and predictable, which positively impacts patient's quality of life.
The role of subcutaneous drain in laparotomy patients
Authors: Haque M. Mozammel
Published: September 2024

Background: In surgical incision wounds, hematoma, serous fluid, and dead space increase the risk of infection because they provide a surface for microbial growth. Subcutaneous drain reduces dead space in the subcutaneous tissue plane, which prevents fluid from accumulating and seroma from forming by removing infectious content, residual effusion, and blood from the wound. This study attempts to determine the efficacy of subcutaneous drain in laparotomy in the management of surgical site infection (SSI).
Methods: This prospective study was conducted at the Department of Surgery in various hospitals in Cumilla, Bangladesh. This study includes 150 adult patients aged between 18 to 70 years. A closed subcutaneous suction drain was inserted before the skin was closed in 75 patients at random (drain group), whereas the rest of the 75 patients' subcutaneous suction drains were not kept (no-drain group).
Results: The association between comorbidities and SSI in both the drain and no-drain groups were significant, p value <0.001 respectively. SSI was mainly in the group with fewer surgery hours (72.4%). Patients with SSI also have longer hospital stays on average.
Conclusions: Patients with SSI have increased morbidity, and those undergoing major procedures are more likely to experience SSI afterwards. The presence of a subcutaneous closed suction drain contributes to reducing SSI.
Spectrum of exploratory laparotomy for acute abdomen in a central Gujarat tertiary care centre
Authors: Prajapati Arpan J. , Singhal Sulove , Jain Prathiti A. , Jain Adeesh P.
Published: September 2024

Background: Exploratory laparotomy is one of commonest emergency surgeries performed in the world. Despite technological advance imaging, the fundamental technique of exploratory laparotomy has remained unchanged over years. Studies quantifying the spectrum of laparotomy in central Gujarat are lacking.
Methods: A retrospective study of 249 patients of emergency exploratory laparotomy for acute abdomen in SSG Hospital Baroda from May 2022 to May 2024 was done and data involving clinical presentation, imaging, operative findings and post- operative course were studied and analysed. The cases were divided into gastro-intestinal perforation, gastro-intestinal obstruction and miscellaneous cause.
Results: The most common cause of exploratory laparotomy in study was perforation peritonitis including 59 ileal, 16 jejunal, 49 pre-pyloric, 29 duodenal, 1 body of stomach, 17 appendicular and 8 colon. With post op major complications like burst-11%, leak-5%, pneumonia-5%, multi-organ failure-6.5% and ileus 5%, wound infection 18%. The overall mortality was 15%. Out of 58 cases of laparotomy for obstruction including adhesions (29.3%), obstructed inguinal hernia (12%), tuberculosis (32%), malignancy (13.8%), internal hernia (12.6%). The miscellaneous causes were ruptured liver abscess (9), rupture ectopic pregnancy (2), twisted ovarian tumour (1).
Conclusions: Acute abdomen remains a significant surgical problem. Peptic perforation remains a common cause of acute abdomen with high morbidity and mortality, despite improves medical management, though there is a declining trend in incidence, tuberculosis remains an important cause.
Giant adolescent tubular adenoma of the breast mimicking giant fibroadenoma: a case report
Authors: Chang Shantel , Fairweather Peta , Sivyer Paula , Bennett Ian
Published: September 2024

Tubular adenomas are a rare benign breast neoplasm, often clinically indistinguishable from fibroadenomas or phyllodes tumors. We present a case of the largest adolescent tubular adenoma reported in the literature, measuring 12.5 cm. Radiological evaluation and histopathological assessment of the core biopsy sample was consistent with a giant fibroadenoma. However, the final histopathological analysis of the excisional biopsy sample confirmed a tubular adenoma. This case highlights the clinical conundrum of reaching the definitive diagnosis in a patient with a tubular adenoma. A contemporary review of the clinical features, radiology, histopathology and management options for tubular adenoma of the breast was undertaken.
Intestinal intussusception secondary to polyposis in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
Authors: Vidal-Santiago Daniela , Ramírez-Pérez José Emilio , Domínguez-León Cristina Guadalupe , Trinidad-Rodríguez Williams
Published: September 2024

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is an autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by multiple hamartomatous polyps in the gastrointestinal tract, mucocutaneous pigmentation. We present a case of intestinal intussusception secondary to these polyps.
Pedunculated lipoma of the breast
Authors: Vagholkar Ketan , Patil Runvi , Purandare Tanay
Published: September 2024

Pedunculated lesions of the breast are usually benign conditions. They pose a clinical dilemma to the attending surgeon. Excision is the mainstay of treatment. A case of a pedunculated lipoma of the breast in a 52-year-old lady is presented. She underwent excision under general anesthesia. Histopathology revealed adult-type of adipocytes with no evidence of lipoblasts. There was no recurrence. Various types of pedunculated lesions of the breast, their diagnosis and management are discussed. Surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment. They have a low recurrence rate and are rarely malignant.
Pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction in a case of horseshoe kidneys with lower pole crossing vessels:a rare case and its management
Authors: Kulkarni Apoorva A.
Published: September 2024

Pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction is one of the most common urological conditions found in children. Horseshoe kidneys are a predisposing factor and to find a vascular anomaly causing the obstruction is rare. A 2-year-old girl with two episodes of culture-positive febrile urinary tract infections (UTI), was found to have right sided hydronephrosis. Renal scan revealed decreased functioning of right kidney with scars. A contrast CT scan showed a horseshoe kidney with pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction on right side with dilatation of renal pelvis. During laparoscopic pyeloplasty, lower pole crossing vessels were detected, not reported on CT scan. A dismembered pyeloplasty with transposition of uretero-pelvic anastomosis anterior to lower pole vessels was done. Anomalous vasculature of kidney should be kept in mind during surgery in such cases. A dismembered pyeloplasty along with transposition of anastomosis is necessary to prevent recurrence.
Non-pancreatic retroperitoneal pseudocyst: a rare case report
Authors: Karuppusamy Shankar , K. V. Rajan
Published: September 2024

A retroperitoneal pseudocyst is usually pancreatic in origin. Non-pancreatic retroperitoneal pseudocyst has a very low incidence, primarily benign and usually asymptomatic. The absence of epithelial lining in the cyst wall characterizes the pseudocyst. The absence of epithelial lining in the cyst wall characterizes the pseudocyst. Here, we report a case of a 53-year-old male patient who presented to OPD with mass per abdomen and lower abdomen pain. The computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis revealed a retroperitoneal cyst abutting the right psoas muscle. The patient underwent an open excision of a retroperitoneal cyst. Histopathological examination of the specimen showed a non-pancreatic retroperitoneal pseudocyst. It is a rare case; very few cases have been reported in the literature. One such case is reported here.
Time to revisit the enigma of mastalgia management
Authors: Singh Arun Kumar , Kuraria Vaibhav , Mohit  , Khera Dhananjay , Saini Yogesh , Raju Hinduja
Published: September 2024

Mastalgia (breast pain) also known as mastodynia, is one of the most common causes of breast issues for which a female visits a medical practitioner. It is divided into cyclical mastalgia, which is associated with menstruation, or can be noncyclical mastalgia which can present premenopausal or postmenopausal. The incidence of breast cancer associated with mastalgia is extremely low and reassurance plays a major role in the treatment of patients. Hormonal changes have been associated with the pathogenesis of cyclical mastalgia. Outdated treatment modalities are still being followed even though newer and more effective treatment options have been established. Objective assessment of breast pain should be done with the visual analog scale. Non-pharmacological therapy should be encouraged in every patient of mastalgia such as counseling and reassurance, sports bra, yoga, and relaxation therapy. Tamoxifen and ormeloxifene are now the drug of choice in severe mastalgia and care should be taken to counsel the patients about use and common and detrimental side effects. The available treatment modalities and their directions to use are discussed in this review.
Little grinder, big concern - a questionnaire survey
Authors: Bansod Deoyani , Bansal Arpana , Sijeria Prachi , Choudhary Kartik , Niranjan Babita , Pachori Ankit
Published: September 2024

Background: Bruxism in paediatric dentistry refers to the habitual grinding or clenching of teeth in children. This condition can manifest during the day or night and may have various underlying causes. Bruxism has multifactorial etiology including disturbed sleep cycle and excessive gadget use in children. Present study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and awareness of parents about bruxism in children who visited the department. Bruxism is a common concern in paediatric dentistry, presenting challenges for dental professionals and parents alike in managing and addressing its effects on a child's oral health.
Methods: The study was conducted among the parents visiting the Department with their children for the treatment. A self-administered questionnaire about knowledge and awareness regarding bruxism habit, sleep cycle, and gadget use in children was made. It was shared with parents using E-methods. Data was collected and statistical analysis was done.
Results: In this study, parents stated that 74.1% of children grind their teeth, and 63% of children did so while using the device. Children most frequently utilized mobile devices (51.9%), then TV (13%), electronic toys and video games (11.10%), laptops/PCs and tablets (6.50%). Before falling asleep, 81.50% of the kids used their gadgets, and after using them, 60.20% of the kids reported having trouble sleeping.
Conclusions: According to this study, children who clench their teeth have disrupted sleep, and clenching of teeth is more common in children who experience stress as a result of prolonged use of gadgets. Thus, a significant relationship was seen between children's use of gadgets, sleep disruption, and bruxism.
The prevalence of pulmonary artery hypertension in neonates with meconium aspiration syndrome: a prospective study
Authors: Haque Ayisha Asrarul , Izhar Fazil Mohammed , Firdaus Uzma , Ali Syed Manazir , Abqari Shaad
Published: September 2024

Background: Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is one of the most common causes of respiratory distress in the term and post term newborns. Meconium staining of amniotic fluid occurs in 10-15% of all deliveries, amongst which 5% of babies develop MAS. Pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) and pneumothorax are severe complications of MAS and these contribute significantly to mortality and morbidity in the affected babies. The objective was to study the prevalence, risk factors and outcome of PAH in neonates with meconium aspiration syndrome.
Methods: This prospective observational study included 250 newborns with MAS who were screened for the development of PAH by echocardiography during hospital stay. The prevalence, risk factors and outcome of PAH were determined.
Results: The prevalence of PAH and PPHN among meconium aspiration syndrome was 45% and 29% respectively. Low Apgar score at birth and presence of thick meconium were identified as the risk factors for progression to PAH. The outcome of newborns with PPHN was poor.
Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of PAH in babies born with MAS and those progressing to PPHN have a poorer outcome.
Refractory dystonia with intracerebral hematoma after drowning
Authors: Shah Bipesh Kumar , Kumari Neelam , Singh Arun Kumar
Published: September 2024

Drowning in children can have devastating consequences. The risk factors are inadequate supervision, seizure disorder, neurodevelopmental disorder, and cardiovascular disease. The duration of submersion is critical in determining outcomes. The lack of consensus guidelines on pediatric submersion injuries invites difficulty in managing the same. There is a lack of robust evidence on therapeutic hypothermia and, the use of pulmonary surfactants and barbiturates to improve clinical outcomes in such injuries. We present a case of a drowned child in cardiac arrest revived after resuscitation, developing sepsis, seizures, severe dystonia, and intracranial bleeding with hypoxic brain injury requiring vigorous management.
Neuromyelitis optica in a paediatric patient: a case report
Authors: Ranabijuli Pradeep Kumar , Pankaj Sitaram Arangale , L. A. Nazparveen , Kumari Sita
Published: September 2024

Neuromyelitis optica is a multifocal demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that predominantly affects the spinal cord and optic nerves, with variable clinical features including motor weakness in limbs, bowel and bladder affection and loss of vision. The disease is characterized by poor or no recovery. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of spine with contrast shows hyperintense lesions involving contiguous segments with a normal MRI brain. CSF studies shows anti aquaporin 4 antibodies. Visual evoked potential of eyes shows marked reduction of optic nerve function.  We report a case of eight year old girl who presented with diminished vision in eyes (right >left) and weakness in all four limbs. Clinical features and investigations were suggestive of NMO. She was treated with inj. methylprednisolone for 5 days followed by oral prednisolone in tapering dose for 6 weeks. The child improved of hemiparetic gait and power in the left side. Vision in the left eye did not deteriorate further. Repeat MRI showed the resolution of previous spinal lesions. Follow up of the child over seven years has multiple admissions due to relapses. In the third admission child was given again 5 days of inj. methylprednisolone followed by azathioprine for two months. On the seventh admission due to relapse, inj. rituximab 500 mg and inj. methylprednisolone 500 mg was given and repeated every 6 months. In the last follow up in June 2024, the child is clinically stable with improvement in gait and no further deterioration of vision and no bowel or bladder affection.
Systemic lupus erythematosus presenting as toxic epidermal necrolysis: a case report
Authors: Sandhu Jaskirat Kaur , Rai Seema , Sandhu Kirat Kaur
Published: September 2024

Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune inflammatory disease with complex etiology. Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) represent a spectrum of skin lesions characterized by rashes, exfoliation, and sloughing usually following drug intake. Occasionally, TEN-like cutaneous manifestations have also been described with systemic lupus erythematosus. Recognition of lupus in a child presenting with TEN-like skin changes is clinically challenging and requires a high degree of suspicion. We present a case of a 9-year-old female with SJS/TEN like lesions following drug intake and on evaluation was found to have systemic lupus erythematosus.
Antenatal ileal perforation in preterm neonate-a rare presentation of spontaneous intestinal perforation
Authors: Sharma Harsh Vardhan , Mahajan Vikas , Nazki Saalim
Published: September 2024

We report a case of 28 weeks gestational Age preterm neonate born via lower segment cesarian section who presented with gross pneumoperitoneum immediately after birth. Abdominal drain was inserted as a lifesaving procedure followed by laparotomy after stabilizing the child. Intraoperatively there was sealed ileal perforation which was managed surgically. Pneumoperitoneum secondary to antenatal ileal perforation is a rare manifestation of spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP).
Decoding the ovary-thyroid connection: a case report on intricacies of untreated hypothyroidism
Authors: Jose Meenu , Madhavan Sheeja , Menon Hridya
Published: September 2024

Precocious puberty may be a rare presentation of untreated hypothyroidism, while delayed puberty is its norm. Van Wyk-Grumbach syndrome (VWGS) refers to the development of isosexual precocious pseudo puberty and multicystic enlarged ovaries in the presence of hypothyroidism. Here we report a case of an eight-year-old girl child who required emergency surgical intervention attributable to the aforementioned syndrome.
An unusual case of Anasarca-Rapunzel syndrome
Authors: Chorya Monika , Dave Divya , Kacha Ashruti
Published: September 2024

Rapunzel syndrome is a rare form of gastric trichobezoar extending into the intestine, often associated with malnutrition and protein-losing enteropathy. A 12-year-old female presented with epigastric abdominal pain, facial puffiness, bilateral lower limb swelling, and anorexia. She was a known case of sickle-thalassemia double heterozygous state but had never received a blood transfusion. Family history revealed parental separation and harsh paternal behavior. The patient was undernourished but otherwise developed normally. On examination, she was lethargic, exhibited generalized anasarca, severe anemia, signs of congestive cardiac failure, and patchy hair loss on the scalp. Abdominal examination revealed moderate ascites, hepatosplenomegaly, and a firm, mobile, non-tender epigastric mass (10×8 cm), suggestive of gastric bezoar. Laboratory findings showed microcytic hypochromic anemia with macro-ovalocytes in the context of sickle-thalassemia heterozygosity. The child required multiple blood and serum albumin transfusions for severe anemia and hypoproteinemia with anasarca. Hepatic and renal causes of anasarca were excluded. Cardiovascular and respiratory systems were normal. Contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) abdomen confirmed the gastric bezoar. After stabilization, exploratory laparotomy and trichobezoar evacuation were performed. Psychiatric counseling and diversion therapy were provided. The child was discharged in stable condition, with follow-up showing significant improvement in nutritional status, mood, and general well-being. This case highlights the unusual presentation of Rapunzel syndrome with generalized anasarca in a pediatric patient with underlying sickle-thalassemia, emphasizing the importance of multidisciplinary management and follow-up.
What are the realms of pediatric weight reduction surgery and what is its influence on digestive wellbeing?
Authors: Babu Sriharini Shankar , Atiq Samiya , Prasad Akanksha , Yankov Ivan
Published: September 2024

The escalating prevalence of paediatric obesity poses profound health challenges, prompting a quest to foster effective weight loss strategies. Surgical interventions have emerged as pivotal tools to do so, with the most common of these being laparoscopic gastrectomy (LSG), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), and adjustable gastric banding (AGB). This systematic review meticulously examines these surgical modalities alongside their outcomes in the short and long term and also, touches upon plausible alternatives to surgery in the event that surgery is contraindicated. Electronic search was conducted in PubMed, Science Direct and Cochrane Library and we sought out studies that specifically focused on pediatric patients. This yielded 30 sources, which were further shortlisted to 24 that were able to provide useful information suitable for this systematic review. Our findings suggest that there is ongoing debate on which specific surgical intervention prevails and positive and negative outcomes, alike, are associated with them all. We believe that it is agreeable that inspite of its shortcomings, bariatric surgical methods are able to offer enduring solutions and thus optimises health outcomes of pediatric patients, especially those with severe obesity.
A clinical study on hoarseness of voice, etiology and its management
Authors: D. S. Akshay , Hardika Raithatha  , Borewad Ganesh
Published: September 2024

Background: Voice is an inherent means of communication intended to convey feelings of intimacy. One of the most frequent symptoms otolaryngologist’s encounters is hoarseness. The aims of this study are to determine the causes of hoarseness predisposing factors, to assess the clinical profile as well as how to evaluate and treat hoarseness of voice. To estimate the proportion of common causes of hoarseness in patients, identify predisposing factors and evaluate outcomes of various treatment methods.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at ENT department of tertiary care center. A total of 80 cases presenting with hoarseness were studied. A detailed history was taken, followed by a comprehensive local and systemic examination, leading to a clinical diagnosis supported by relevant investigations.
Results: The most frequent cause of hoarseness of voice among patients was determined to be laryngeal cancer, with a 32.5% incidence rate. The incidence of hoarseness was 0.40% among the total ENT cases. Out of total 80 study subjects with hoarseness of voice 40% were from lower socioeconomic class, 30% had habit of smoking. Among them,35% were treated medically, 50% were treated surgically/radiotherapy and for remaining 15% study subjects no treatment was given.
Conclusion: Therefore, based on this study, we conclude that hoarseness of voice is a primary symptom warranting investigation, as it could signal early laryngeal malignancy.
Exceptionally rare site:the occurrence of pilomatricoma of the ear lobule
Authors: Gund Tapasaya , Telang Rahul A. , Yathati Kireet , Kumar Prakhar
Published: September 2024

Pilomatricoma, a rare benign tumor primarily affecting the head and neck region, presents diagnostic challenges and requires histopathological confirmation for accurate diagnosis. A case of pilomatricoma in a 70-year-old female with a chronic swelling on the Left ear lobule is reported. Surgical excision was performed, confirming the diagnosis histopathologically, highlighting the importance of accurate recognition and management. Timely surgical excision of pilomatricoma is crucial, with low recurrence rates reported. Accurate diagnosis aids in appropriate management and optimal patient outcomes.
Fungal suppurative otitis media: a rare case report
Authors: Palani Vignesh , Velayutham Prabu , Ravichandran Surya , Selvan Senbagadevi S.
Published: September 2024

A chronic inflammatory middle ear cleft syndrome also known as chronic otitis media (COM) results in the partial or total loss of the tympanic membrane and ossicles. The most common isolates in the majority of the investigations were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumonia, and Staphylococcus aureus. Candida species and Aspergillus species were the uncommon isolates. In our study a 70-year-old woman who has been having left ear discharge for around 20 days and has a history of left chronic otitis media (COM) tubotympanic illness over the previous six months. On clinical examination of the left ear using otoscope, otomycotic debri in the outer ear canal was observed with a moderate sized perforation over the postero-superior and postero-inferior quadrants of tympanic membrane. Two swab samples were taken from the left ear discharge primarily for the microbiological investigations. The findings showed a predominance of fungal growth but no bacterial growth was observed. The patient was medically managed with 2% acetic acid wash and topical clotrimazole drops for 2 weeks and tablet itraconazole 200 mg BD for 4 weeks. The patient was symptomatically better after 4 weeks of treatment. Our case is unique of its type as fungal cause of CSOM is extremely rare.
Neumotórax neonatal y desnitrogenización. Reflexiones sobre la intervención. Reporte de casos
Authors: Alvarado Jorge Luis , Franco Mateus Beatriz , Guerrero  Gomez Carlos
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCCIÓN: El neumotórax es la consecuencia del escape aéreo más frecuente en el periodo neonatal y su manejo conservador o invasivo depende de la gravedad de las manifestaciones clínicas. El tratamiento con oxígeno a concentraciones altas (desnitrogenización) a aquellos con manifestaciones clínicas leves a moderada ha sido una terapia usada para buscar su rápida resolución; sin embargo, su utilidad es controversial.
CASOS CLÍNICOS: Neonatos de 36 semanas que presentaron neumotórax espontáneos entre un 30-45%, asociado a dificultad respiratoria leve a moderada. Por lo anterior, se indicó oxígeno a concentraciones altas y se obtuvo una adecuada respuesta clínica.
CONCLUSIONES: El uso de oxígeno a concentraciones altas para el manejo del neumotórax no ha generado ventajas por estudios recientes. Por el contrario, puede haber efectos secundarios por hiperoxia y otros desenlaces clínicos poco favorables. A pesar de esto, es probable que existan conductas de preferencias sobre el uso de altas concentraciones de oxigeno por aparente buenos resultados. Sin embargo, por estudios recientes, se debe evitar la exposición de altas concentraciones de oxigeno como manejo rutinario de neumotórax y hacer seguimiento de los desenlaces de estos escapes aéreos en cada unidad.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Neumotórax, neonatos, oxígeno, desnitrogenización
Miastenia Gravis Neonatal Transitoria: Presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Cortés Enríquez Omar Daniel , Raya Garza Laura Patricia , Vázquez Laura Belem Alvarado , Hinojosa Elsa Ivette Garza , Centeno Jose de Jesús Vázquez
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCCIÓN: La Miastenia gravis Neonatal Transitoria (MGNT) es una patología poco frecuente, que se produce en un bajo porcentaje de hijos de madres con Miastenia gravis. Se origina por el transporte de anticuerpos maternos a través de la placenta y tiene un amplio espectro de manifestaciones, la mayoría de tipo neuromuscular.
CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente femenina recién nacida con antecedente de madre con Miastenia gravis, que presentó hipotonía, llanto y succión débil a la hora de vida. Al tercer día desarrolló deterioro en el estado ventilatorio, por lo que se inició neostigmina con mejoría de sintomatología. Posteriormente, ingresó a la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales por deterioro general, se tomaron anticuerpos anti AChR y anti MuSK. A los 19 días de vida con resultado negativo.
CONCLUSIONES: Las manifestaciones de la MGNT ocurren en las primeras horas de vida extrauterina y la duración de los síntomas suele ser de aproximadamente 4 semanas, tiempo en el que habitualmente desaparecen los anticuerpos maternos circulantes. El tratamiento se basa en el uso de inhibidores de la acetilcolinesterasa. El diagnóstico de la MGNT es clínico y debe realizarse en pacientes susceptibles.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Miastenia gravis, Miastenia gravis Neonatal, Hipotonía Neonatal.
Insect Pollinivores of Sorghum bicolor and Plant Traits that Influence Visitation1
Authors: Harris-Shultz Karen , Armstrong J. Scott , Knoll Joseph , Sapkota Suraj , Clem C. Scott
Published: September 2024

Grasses such as sorghum, (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), are rarely considered as an important food resource for pollinators. Here, we report insects collecting or consuming pollen of sorghum over the 8-wk flowering period of a mapping population in Tifton, GA. We also examine the response of insects to plant morphological traits and disease damage and the ability of bumble bees (Bombus impatiens) to cross-pollinate sorghum. The most numerous insect observed collecting/consuming sorghum pollen was the hover fly Toxomerus politus Say (i.e., the maize calligrapher) followed by honey bees (Apis mellifera L.), lined earwigs (Doru taeniatum Dorhn), lovebugs (Plecia nearctica Hardy), southern carpenter bees (Xylocopa micans Lepeletier), common eastern bumble bees (Bombus impatiens Cresson), exotic stripetails (Allograpta exotica Wiedemann), margined soldier beetles (Chauliognathus marginatus F.), a signal fly (Rivellia sp. Robineau-Desvoidy), and a dusky-winged hover fly (Ocyptamus fuscipennis Say). Maximum flowering occurred at Week 3, which coincided with the maximum number of maize calligraphers, bumble bees, and honey bees observed. A positive linear relationship was seen between the number of flowering plots and the number of maize calligraphers and honey bees. The probability of observing a bee on a panicle increased as plant height increased, whereas the probability of observing a bee or hover fly decreased as plant disease percentage increased. These results suggest that inflorescence abundance, plant height, and plant disease impact bee visitation in sorghum. Furthermore, field-captured bumble bees successfully fertilized sorghum in a greenhouse study, suggesting that bumblebees can pollinate sorghum flowers in field conditions.
Potential of physical education as a tool for the formation of meta-subject competencies and holistic personality development
Authors:   Innopraktika company, National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, Selskiy Andrey K.
Published: September 2024

Physical education and the corresponding subject in educational programs are traditionally considered as the tools for mastering skills directly related to sport and its certain disciplines. Meanwhile, within the competency-based education approach, physical education can be understood in a much wider context, as a source of development of soft skills and even cognitive abilities. This article considers the preconditions and several country cases of integration of the competency-based approach into the physical education curricula.
Development of innovative digital sports in educational organizations of the Donetsk People’s Republic
Authors:   Donetsk National Technical University, Stankov Igor V. , Prikhodchenko Ekaterina I. ,   Donetsk National Technical University
Published: September 2024

This article examines the stages of formation and development of innovative digital sports sections, sports programming ones in particular, in the Donetsk People’s Republic in 2022–2024. The process of creating innovative digital sports sections in student sports clubs is shown in order to popularize and attract talented youth to the field of digital technologies. The need for athletes-programmers and cybersportsmen for realization of the full technological sovereignty of our country is noted.
Strategic session “Priorities for Student Sports Development in the Russian Federation until 2030” (April 19, 2024, Moscow)
Authors:   ITMO University, Eremina Ekaterina A. , Nikitina Vladislava A. ,   ITMO University, Storozhenko Yulia M. ,   ITMO University
Published: September 2024

The report on the results of the strategic session “Priorities for the development of student sports in the Russian Federation until 2030”, which was held within the framework of the International Exhibition and Forum “Russia” by ITMO University with the support of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, is presented.
Deep Learning Based Atrial Fibrillation Detection Using Combination of Dimensionality Reduction Techniques and RR Interval Features
Authors: S.K Shrikanth Rao , Martis Roshan Joy
Published: September 2024

Purpose: Accurate detection of Atrial Fibrillation (AF) has great significance in the field of medical science which can reduce the rate of mortality and morbidity. The present study focuses on Electrocardiography (ECG) signal classification using dimensionality reduction techniques combined with R wave to R wave interval (RR interval) features.
Materials and Methods: In the first approach, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Independent Component Analysis (ICA), and Probabilistic Principal Component Analysis (PPCA) are performed independently on denoised ECG signal using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) for the classification of ECG signal. In the second approach, the dimensionality reduction techniques combined with RR interval features are used for the classification of ECG signal.
Results: Machine Learning (ML) algorithms such as Decision Tree (DT), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Deep Learning (DL) algorithms such as Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) and Bi-Directional LSTM (BiLSTM) are used for classification purposes.
Conclusion: The proposed methodology provided an overall accuracy of 93.65% with PCA and LSTM classifier and an overall accuracy of 99.45% with PCA combined with RR interval features and LSTM classifier. The developed technology has potential applications in many practical solutions.
A Highly Accurate Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR) Detection from Medical Forum Comments Using Long Short-Term Memory Networks
Authors: Veeresh Anjali Basagodu , Krishnegowda Ravikumar Guralamata , Venkataramu Shashikala Salekoppalu
Published: September 2024

Purpose: Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR) classification is useful in modern medical diagnostics and related applications. ADR is an example of how medical information is frequently accessible on social media platforms for healthcare, where people can share their experiences with treatments on desktop computers and mobile devices. Many researchers are interested in gathering valuable medical data from social media for the ADR system training and classification process.
Materials and Methods: This research explores the effects of three aspects on recognizing ADR mentions in social media for the medical field and proposes a deep neural network of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks to do so. The comments are collected from various social media platforms to implement the ADR system with proper training and testing processes. The texts from the dataset are initially preprocessed by using a data filtering and clustering process to remove the input data's redundant information to increase the training process's quality. Characteristic features, such as semantic features and text statistics, are extracted from the input text using the American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) array. Further, the features are converted and fed to LSTM networks for training and validation.
Results and Conclusion: This work is evaluated using two datasets, CODEC, and ADR Corpus datasets are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed ADR technique via multiple angles. Via extensive experiments, this work achieved 99.79 accuracy, 98.37 sensitivity, 97.63 specificity, 99.72 precision, 98.39 recall, 97.62 F1-score for the CODEC dataset, 98.16 for accuracy, 99.19 for sensitivity, 98.49 for specificity, 99.49 for precision, 96.72 for recall, and 93.16 for F1-score for ADR corpus, respectively.
Computed Tomography Analysis of the Nasal Septal Deviation and Related Paranasal Sinus Pathologies
Authors: Amanian Dayan , Yaghmaei Shekoofeh , Jalilpour Mansoureh , Taziki Mohammad Hossein , Soltaniesmaeili Amir
Published: September 2024

Purpose: Nasal Septum Deviation (NSD), which is defined as a dislocated septum, is a prevalent condition that is mostly asymptomatic; however, it can cause difficulties such as nasal obstruction and rhinosinusitis symptoms. Other Paranasal Sinuses (PNS) disorders, e.g., Osteo Meatal Complex (OMC) obstruction, have been assumed to be correlated with NSD. This study investigates the possible correlation of specific radiological findings of PNS pathologies in patients with or without the existence and direction of NSD. We also discussed the different types of NSD and their incidence among different groups stored by age, gender, etc.
Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted at multiple imaging centers in Iran between July 2019 and February 2020 to estimate the prevalence of deviated nasal septum and correlate between NSD and other findings using paranasal sinus scans. All the individuals who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. NSD types have been classified based on Mladina's method.
Results: We prospectively reviewed PNS Computed Tomography (CT) scans obtained from 254 cases (82 men and 172 women), aged 18 to 81 years (mean: 35.53), evaluated over seven months. Out of 254 cases, 135 (53 %) patients had NSD, without any direction predominance (right-sided vs. left-sided), and equally distributed between genders. The most common NSD types were type V with a frequency of 42.22% and type III with a frequency of 24.44%. Other PNS CT findings were also investigated in our patients, like OMC obstruction, pansinusitis, mucocele, air-fluid level, mucosal thickening, and concha bullosa. There was no statistically significant correlation between any of these pathologies and NSD (P-value > 0.05).
Conclusion: Although NSD was observed in more than half of our cases' PNS CTs, there was no significant correlation between NSD and other findings in most subjects. This reveals that the effectiveness of septal repair surgeries in relieving patients' symptoms might not be as high as expected.
Artificial Intelligence-Supported Applications in Radiotherapy Treatment Planning and Dose Optimization
Authors: Ghasemi Sina , Khosravi Hossein
Published: September 2024

The Article Abstract is not available.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Related to Healthcare Ethics among Dental Students in Birjand in 2021
Authors: S Ebrahimipour , ShSh Bijari , Z Parhizgar , A Abedi
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Medical ethics education is very vital to maintaining legality and maintain public trust in dentistry. Therefore, this study aimed to measure the knowledge, attitude, and practice of medical ethics of Birjand dental faculty students in 2021.
Method: In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, 117 dental students who passed or were passing the medical ethics unit participated. The data was collected using a questionnaire consisting of two sections (demographic information and questions related to the areas of knowledge, attitude and performance). The knowledge and attitude were measured through a questionnaire that was used in previous studies and its validity and reliability were confirmed. Performance was measured using a researcher-made questionnaire, the reliability of which was obtained by Cronbach's alpha method of 0.78. Data analysis was done using Independent Samples T-tests, One-way analysis of variance, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests at the significance level of 0.05.
Results: The mean score of students' knowledge, attitude, and practices was 34.11 ± 6.09, 47.07 ± 5.73, and 31.74 ± 6.02, respectively. There was a significant relationship between performance and attitude of students (r = 0.403, P < 0.05). Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the mean score of attitudes according to gender (p = 0.020), female students had a higher mean score of attitudes than males.
Conclusion: Based on the study's results, despite good knowledge, students' attitudes and performance are at an average level. Therefore, proper education on dental ethics among students, especially male students, seems necessary.
Currents of Change: Education as a Catalyst for Social Transformation in Riverine Communities
Authors: Muji Mujiansyah
Published: September 2024

This study examines the role of education as a catalyst for social transformation in the riverine communities of Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan. Using a multidisciplinary approach, the study analyzes the impact of educational interventions on livelihood diversification, gender dynamics, and environmental awareness. The findings indicate that education has significantly contributed to socio-economic changes, including increased female participation in decision-making and the emergence of community-based river conservation initiatives. Vocational and non-formal education programs demonstrate high effectiveness in promoting social transformation. However, challenges such as cultural resistance, inadequate infrastructure, and the digital divide continue to impede the transformation process. This research recommends developing more contextual curricula and increasing investment in educational infrastructure. These findings provide important insights for educational policies in riverine areas and can serve as a model for similar communities elsewhere.
Does the incidence of post-COVID pulmonary complications in vaccinated individuals correlate with the types of vaccines they received?
Authors: Cinar Hasibe Gokce , Memiş Kemal Buğra
Published: September 2024

Aim: Although several research have been undertaken to investigate the impact of the vaccination on long Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) syndrome or post-acute sequelae, there is a lack of published evidence on the long-term effects of vaccines on lung-sequelae-related disease. Considering the limited global COVID-19 vaccine distribution, it is essential to establish the impact of vaccination in reducing pulmonary complications. Turkey has been offering COVID-19 vaccines from two platforms, including BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech, mRNA vaccine) and CoronaVac (Sinovac, inactivated vaccine). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of BioNTech and Sinovac vaccines in reducing post-COVID-19 pulmonary complications in individuals.
Material and Methods: A total of 94 patients COVID-19 pneumonia patients who were categorized based on the quantity of BioNTech or Sinovac vaccines they received before their first COVID-19 infection were included. The inclusion criteria consisted of a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia through polymerase chain reaction testing, availability of the mentioned before and follow-up computed tomography scans, and administration of at least one dose of vaccine.
Results: The number of complications in patients fully vaccinated with Sinovac and who experienced post-COVID lung complications was significantly greater than in those vaccinated with BioNTech. The C-reactive protein and D-Dimer measurements of individuals who experienced complications in the Sinovac vaccinated group were significantly elevated on the index date.
Conclusion: The quantity of lung sequelae after COVID and laboratory parameters indicating this result were found to be higher in inactivated virus vaccines than in mRNA vaccines. This suggests that the protection of inactivated vaccines may be insufficient in severe cases.
Recent advances in sustainable nanomaterials for energy conversion and environmental remediation via photocatalysis
Authors: Shoaib Khalid Muhammad , Li Gao , Azam Tasmia , Asad Muhammad , Zhao Zhen
Published: September 2024

Photocatalysis is of particular interest because it can be utilized for reducing air pollution and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. This review examined the latest advances in layered photocatalytic nanomaterials and single-atom catalysts and discloses the synthesis, structural features, and ways to enhance their catalytic ability. In particular, we describe the peculiarities of catalysis mechanisms in CO2 conversion, pollutant and NOx removal, and nitrogen reduction. The current trends in this field and the potential areas for further research are also discussed in this review. It is important to emphasize that single-atom catalysts possess distinct advantages to substantially improve the efficiency of energy conversion processes. The materials related to the synthesizing and post-processing of layered semiconductor catalysts and single-atom catalysts can be useful for other researchers and stakeholders.
Apresentação do Dossiê “O Medievo e suas reminiscências socioculturais nas Américas”
Authors: Zierer Adriana Maria de Souza , Oliveira Terezinha , Mateus Natasha Nickolly Alhadef Sampaio
Published: September 2024

O Dossiê “O Medievo e suas reminiscências socioculturais nas Américas” teve por objetivo central contribuir com os debates acerca da História Medieval e este continente, mostrando como o período em questão é importante para a formação da construção histórica da Contemporaneidade. As reminiscências medievais se relacionam com o passado e se transformam ao longo do tempo, constituindo-se por traços que foram incorporados e ressignificados na cultura, principalmente por meio da Literatura, festividades e da religiosidade.