bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the effectiveness of early or delayed treatment upon healing of mandibular fractures: A retrospective study
Authors: Gazal Giath
Published: January 2015

Objectives: This study was aimed to assess the impacts of delay treatment of mandibular fracture and its complications. In addition risk variables related such as time to repair, fracture types, substance abuse, causes, surgical management, muddling or complications and duration of clinic stay were also evaluated. Materials and Methods: The data of patients attending the Newcastle General Hospital, UK for the management of mandibular fractures were probed. This retrospective clinical trial conducted over 6 months, included 91 patients attending trauma operating theatre during weekdays or weekends. Data were analyzed for time to admission and treatment and its relationships to various factors using SPSS version 20 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). Results: Time to treatment from the point of admission was 31.50 ± 3.83 h during week days that has been significantly more for patients attending the hospital at weekends or nights. Similar trend was observed for total summative time from the incident to treatment analysis. Conclusions: This investigation has demonstrated that the rate of infection and postoperative complications following surgical treatment of mandible fractures can be eased off by reducing the waiting time from presentation to the emergency and to the operating theater.
Association between early childhood caries and maternal caries status: A cross-section study in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
Authors: de Souza Pedrita Mara do Espírito Santo , Proença Mariana Almeida Mello , Franco Mayra Moura , Rodrigues Vandilson Pinheiro , Costa José Ferreira , Costa Elizabeth Lima
Published: January 2015

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the association between early childhood caries (ECC) and maternal caries status, and the maternal perception of ECC risk factors. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 77 mother-child pairs, the children ranging from 12 to 36 months of age and their mothers, who were seeking dental care at a health center in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. Data collection was conducted using a specific questionnaire for mothers. Oral clinical examination of the mother-child binomial to assess caries incidence, gingival bleeding (GB) and visible plaque was done. Home visits were performed in 10% of the sample in order to observe the environmental conditions, dietary habits and dental hygiene practices. Results: The findings showed that the caries prevalence in children was 22.5 times higher in the mother who had decayed tooth (prevalence ratio [PR] = 22.5, confidence interval [CI] 95% = 3.2–156.6, P < 0.001). GB also was observed in 14 mothers and children, the PR in pair was 12.2 (CI95% = 1.6–88.9, P < 0.001). The variables are related for the mother-child binomial in regression linear analysis. Conclusion: The maternal caries status was associated with ECC.
16S rRNA gene-based metagenomic analysis identifies a novel bacterial co-prevalence pattern in dental caries
Authors: Jagathrakshakan Sri Nisha , Sethumadhava Raghavendra Jayesh , Mehta Dhaval Tushar , Ramanathan Arvind
Published: January 2015

Objective: To identify the prevalence of acidogenic and nonacidogenic bacteria in patients with polycaries lesions, and to ascertain caries specific bacterial prevalence in relation to noncaries controls. Materials and Methods: Total genomic DNA extracted from saliva of three adults and four children from the same family were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis on a next generation sequencer, the PGS-Ion Torrent. Those bacterial genera with read counts > 1000 were considered as significant in each of the subject and used to associate the occurrence with caries. Results and Conclusion: Sequencing analysis indicated a higher prevalence of Streptococcus, Rothia, Granulicatella, Gemella, Actinomyces, Selenomonas, Haemophilus and Veillonella in the caries group relative to controls. While higher prevalence of Streptococcus, Rothia and Granulicatella were observed in all caries samples, the prevalence of others was observable in 29–57% of samples. Interestingly, Rothia and Selenomonas, which are known to occur within anaerobic environments of dentinal caries and subgingival plaque biofilms, were seen in the saliva of these caries patients. Taken together, the study has identified for the first time a unique co-prevalence pattern of bacteria in caries patients that may be explored as distinct caries specific bacterial signature to predict cariogenesis in high-risk primary and mixed dentition age groups.
Xeroderma pigmentosum and its dental implications
Authors: Al Wayli Hessa
Published: January 2015

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by defective DNA repair leading to clinical and cellular hypersensitivity to ultraviolet (UV) radiation and carcinogenic agents. Important clinical features are: Intense cutaneous photosensitivity, xerosis, poikiloderma, actinic keratosis, acute burning under minimal sun exposure, erythemas, hyperpigmented lentiginous macules, and malignant lesions in sun-exposed areas, including basocellular carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. There is a great involvement of many parts of the body, especially head and neck. Oral implications such as severe oral pain and mouth opening limitation were present due to perioral scars. The disorder is associated more commonly in populations where marriage of close blood relatives is common. Treatment of the disorder includes avoidance of UV radiation, topical application of 5-fluorouracil to treat actinic keratoses, and regular evaluation by an ophthalmologist, dermatologist, and neurologist. Genetic counseling is important aspects as an increased incidence of consanguineous marriages have been reported with this disorder. In addition, this paper discuss some important aspects concerning the role of the dental professional management of this entity, since XP patients require constant dental care and follow-up in order to control the occurrence of new lesions on the lips or inside oral cavity.
Dental restoration induced orofacial pain and its management
Authors: Liu Xiuxin , Malmstrom Hans S. , Tallents Ross
Published: January 2015

Dental procedure induced pain may develop into a chronic condition that accompanied with functional or neuropathy changes in the nerve system. In this case, severe persistent pain gradually developed after repeatedly placing a subgingival amalgam restoration in the right second molar. Hyperalgesia and allodynia were present at the affected region. A provisional diagnosis of chronic orofacial pain with peripheral and central sensitization was considered. After re-contouring, local debridement and occlusal adjustment the pain disappeared. The underlying mechanism in this case is neuronal sensitization and peripheral Aβ-fiber mechanoreceptor activation. Its diagnosis and management depend on identification and treatment of the cause for pain generation and sensitization.
Therapeutic Efficacy of Chloroquine for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum in Haiti After Many Decades of Its Use
Authors: Okech Bernard A. , Existe Alexandre , Romain Jean R. , Memnon Gladys , Victor Yves Saint , Rochars Madsen Beau de , Fukuda Mark
Published: January 2015

Chloroquine (CQ) has been used for malaria treatment in Haiti for several decades, but reports of CQ resistance are scarce. The efficacy of CQ in patients with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum undergoing treatment in Haiti was evaluated. Malaria patients were enrolled, treated with CQ, and monitored over a 42-day period. The treatment outcomes were evaluated on day 28 by microscopy. The P. falciparum slide-confirmed rate was 9.5% (121 of 1,277). Malaria infection was seasonal, with peak observations between October and January; 88% (107 of 121) of patients consented to participate. Sixty patients successfully completed the 42-day follow-up, whereas 47 patients withdrew consent or were lost to follow-up. The mean parasite density declined rapidly within the first few days after treatment. Seven patients did not clear their malaria infections and were clinically asymptomatic; therefore, they were considered late parasitological failures. About 90% (95% confidence interval = 84.20–97.90) of patients had no detectable parasitemia by day 28 and remained malaria-free to day 42. Testing for recrudescence, reinfection, and CQ serum levels was not done in the seven patients, and therefore, their CQ resistance status is unresolved. CQ resistance surveillance by patient follow-up, in vitro drug sensitivity studies, and molecular markers is urgently needed in Haiti.
Risk Factors for Border Malaria in a Malaria Elimination Setting: A Retrospective Case-Control Study in Yunnan, China
Authors: Xu Jian-Wei , Liu Hui , Zhang Yu , Guo Xiang-Rui , Wang Jia-Zhi
Published: January 2015

A retrospective case-control study was conducted to identify risk factors for border malaria in a malaria elimination setting of Yunnan Province, China. The study comprised 214 cases and 428 controls. The controls were individually matched to the cases on the basis of residence, age, and gender. In addition, statistical associations are based on matched analyses. The frequencies of imported, male, adult, and vivax malaria cases were respectively 201 (93.9%), 194 (90.7%), 210 (98.1%), and 176 (82.2%). Overnight stay in Myanmar within the prior month was independently associated with malaria infection (odds ratio [OR] 159.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 75.1–338.9). In particular, stays in lowland and foothill (OR 5.5, 95% CI 2.5–11.8) or mid-hill (OR 42.8, 95% CI 5.1–319.8) areas, or near streamlets (OR 15.3, 95% CI 4.3–55.2) or paddy field or pools (OR10.1, 95% CI 4.4–55.8) were found to be independently associated with malaria. Neither forest exposure nor use of vector control measures was associated with malaria. In conclusion, travel to lowland and foothill or mid-hill hyperendemic areas, especially along the waterside in Myanmar, was found to be the highest risk factor for malaria. In considering the limitations of the study, further investigations are needed to identify the major determinants of malaria risk and develop new strategies for malaria elimination on China-Myanmar border.
Chikungunya Virus Infection: First Detection of Imported and Autochthonous Cases in Panama
Authors: Díaz Yamilka , Carrera Jean-Paul , Cerezo Lizbeth , Arauz Dimelza , Guerra Ilka , Cisneros Julio , Armién Blas , Botello Ana Margarita , Araúz Ana Belén , Gonzalez Vladimir , López Yamileth , Moreno Lourdes , López-Vergès Sandra , Moreno Brechla A.
Published: January 2015

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen that was only endemic in Africa and south Asia until 2005 and 2006, when the virus spread into the Indian Ocean islands, Europe, and Asia. Autochthonous CHIKV transmission in the Caribbean islands was reported in December of 2013. In Panama, two febrile cases were detected in May of 2014: one traveling from Haiti, and the other traveling from the Dominican Republic. After other imported cases were detected, the first autochthonous case was reported in August of the same year. We detected CHIKV viral RNA and isolated the virus from serum samples. The phylogenetic analysis of the two imported isolates and one autochthonous CHIKV isolate indicated that the viruses belong to the Asian lineage in the Caribbean clade and are related to viruses recently identified in Saint Martin island, British Virgin Islands, China, and the Philippines. Although the circulating CHIKV lineages in the Americas have not yet been described, our results suggest that the Asian lineage is circulating in most American countries reporting autochthonous infection.
Mapping gas-phase organic reactivity and concomitant secondary organic aerosol formation: chemometric dimension reduction techniques for the deconvolution of complex atmospheric datasets
Authors: Wyche K. P. , Monks P. S. , Smallbone K. L. , Hamilton J. F. , Alfarra M. R. , Rickard A. R. , McFiggans G. B. , Jenkin M. E. , Bloss W. J. , Ryan A. C. , Hewitt C. N , MacKenzie A. R
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Highly non-linear dynamical systems, such as those found in atmospheric chemistry, necessitate hierarchical approaches to both experiment and modeling in order, ultimately, to identify and achieve fundamental process-understanding in the full open system. Atmospheric simulation chambers comprise an intermediate in complexity, between a classical laboratory experiment and the full, ambient system. As such, they can generate large volumes of difficult-to-interpret data. Here we describe and implement a chemometric dimension reduction methodology for the deconvolution and interpretation of complex gas- and particle-phase composition spectra. The methodology comprises principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and positive least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). These methods are, for the first time, applied to simultaneous gas- and particle-phase composition data obtained from a comprehensive series of environmental simulation chamber experiments focused on biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) photooxidation and associated secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. We primarily investigated the biogenic SOA precursors isoprene, α-pinene, limonene, myrcene, linalool and β-caryophyllene. The chemometric analysis is used to classify the oxidation systems and resultant SOA according to the controlling chemistry and the products formed. Furthermore, a holistic view of results across both the gas- and particle-phases shows the different SOA formation chemistry, initiating in the gas-phase, proceeding to govern the differences between the various BVOC SOA compositions. The results obtained are used to describe the particle composition in the context of the oxidized gas-phase matrix. An extension of the technique, which incorporates into the statistical models data from anthropogenic (i.e. toluene) oxidation and "more realistic" plant mesocosm systems, demonstrates that such an ensemble of chemometric mapping has the potential to be used for the classification of more complex spectra of unknown origin. The potential to extend the methodology to the analysis of ambient air is discussed using results obtained from a zero-dimensional box model incorporating mechanistic data obtained from the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCMv3.2). Such an extension to analysing ambient air would prove a powerful asset in assisting with the identification of SOA sources and the elucidation of the underlying chemical mechanisms involved.
Deuterium excess in atmospheric water vapor of a Mediterranean coastal wetland: regional versus local signatures
Authors: Delattre H. , Vallet-Coulomb C. , Sonzogni C.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Stable isotopes of the water vapor represent a powerful tool for tracing atmospheric vapor origin and mixing processes. Laser spectrometry recently allowed high time resolution measurements, but despite an increasing number of experimental studies, there is still a need for a better understanding of the main drivers of isotopic signal variability at different time scales. We present results of in situ measurements of δ18O and δD during 36 consecutive days in summer 2011 in atmospheric vapor of a Mediterranean coastal wetland exposed to high evapotranspiration (Camargue, Rhône River delta, France). A calibration protocol was tested and instrument stability was analysed over the period. The mean composition of atmospheric vapor during the campaign is δ18O = −14.66‰ and δD = −95.4‰, with δv data plotting clearly above the local meteoric water line, and an average deuterium excess (dv) of 21.9‰. At daily time step, we show a clear separation of isotopic characteristics with respect to the air mass back trajectories, with the Northern air masses providing depleted compositions (δ18O = −15.83‰, δD = −103.5‰) compared to Mediterranean air masses (δ18O = −13.13‰, δD = −86.5‰). There is also a clear separation between dv corresponding to these different air mass origins, but not in the same direction as was previously evidenced from regional rainfall data, with higher dv found for Northern air masses (23.2‰) than for Mediterranean air masses (18.6‰). Based on twenty-four average hourly data, we propose a depiction of typical daily evolution of water vapor isotopic composition. High diurnal variations in dv is attributed to a dominant control of evapotranspiration, over entrainment of free atmosphere. Daily cycles in dv are more pronounced for Mediterranean than for North Atlantic air mass origin and are discussed in terms of local evapotranspiration versus regional signatures. We calculate the composition of the vapor source that produces the day-time increase in dv for the different air mass origins, and propose an atmospheric water and isotopic mass balance.
Application of locality principle to radio occultation studies of the Earth's atmosphere and ionosphere
Authors: Pavelyev A. G. , Liou Y. A. , Matyugov S. S. , Pavelyev A. A. , Gubenko V. N. , Zhang K. , Kuleshov Y.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. A new formulation of previously introduced principle of locality is presented. The principle can be applied for modernization of the radio occultation (RO) remote sensing of the atmospheres and ionospheres of the Earth and planets. The principle states that significant contributions to variations of the amplitude and phase of the radio waves passing through a layered medium are connected with influence of the vicinities of tangential points where the refractivity gradient is perpendicular to the radio ray trajectory. The RO method assumes spherical symmetry of the investigated medium. In this case if location of a tangent point relative to the spherical symmetry center is known, the derivatives on time of the RO signal phase and Doppler frequency variations can be recalculated into the refractive attenuation. Several important findings are consequences of the locality principle: (i) if position of the center of symmetry is known, the total absorption along the ray path can be determined at a single frequency, (ii) in the case of low absorption the height, displacement from the radio ray perigee, and tilt of the inclined ionospheric (atmospheric) layers can be evaluated, (iii) the contributions of the layered and irregular structures in the RO signal can be separated and parameters of layers and turbulence can be measured at a single frequency using joint analysis of the amplitude and phase variations. Specially for the Earth's troposphere, the altitude distributions of the weak total absorption (about of 1–4 db) of the radio waves at GPS frequencies corresponding to possible influence of the oxygen and water vapor can be measured with accuracy of about 0.1 db at a single frequency. According with the locality principle, a new index of ionospheric activity is introduced. This index is measured from the phase variations of radio waves passing through the ionosphere. Its high correlation with S4 scintillation index is established. This correlation indicates the significant influence of locally spherical symmetric ionospheric layers on variations of the phase and amplitude of the RO signal passing through transionospheric communication links. Obtained results expand the applicable domain of the RO method as a powerful remote sensing technique for geophysical and meteorological research.
Coincidences of climate extremes and anomalous vegetation responses: comparing tree ring patterns to simulated productivity
Authors: Rammig A. , Wiedermann M. , Donges J. F. , Babst F. , von Bloh W. , Frank D. , Thonicke K. , Mahecha M. D.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Climate extremes can trigger exceptional responses in terrestrial ecosystems, for instance by altering growth or mortality rates. Such effects are often manifested in reductions in net primary productivity (NPP). Investigating a Europe-wide network of annual radial tree growth records confirms this pattern: we find that 28% of tree ring width (TRW) indices are below two standard deviations in years in which extremely low precipitation, high temperatures or the combination of both noticeably affect tree growth. Based on these findings, we investigate possibilities for detecting climate-driven patterns in long-term TRW data to evaluate state-of-the-art dynamic vegetation models such as the Lund-Potsdam-Jena dynamic global vegetation model for managed land (LPJmL). The major problem in this context is that LPJmL simulates NPP but not explicitly the radial tree growth, and we need to develop a generic method to allow for a comparison between simulated and observed response patterns. We propose an analysis scheme that quantifies the coincidence rate of climate extremes with some biotic responses (here TRW or simulated NPP). We find a relative reduction of 34% in simulated NPP during precipitation, temperature and combined extremes. This reduction is comparable to the TRW response patterns, but the model responds much more sensitively to drought stress. We identify 10 extreme years during the 20th century during which both model and measurements indicate high coincidence rates across Europe. However, we detect substantial regional differences in simulated and observed responses to climatic extreme events. One explanation for this discrepancy could be the tendency of tree ring data to originate from climatically stressed sites. The difference between model and observed data is amplified by the fact that dynamic vegetation models are designed to simulate mean ecosystem responses on landscape or regional scales. We find that both simulation results and measurements display carry-over effects from climate anomalies during the previous year. We conclude that radial tree growth chronologies provide a suitable basis for generic model benchmarks. The broad application of coincidence analysis in generic model benchmarks along with an increased availability of representative long-term measurements and improved process-based models will refine projections of the long-term carbon balance in terrestrial ecosystems.
Filling the gaps in meteorological continuous data measured at FLUXNET sites with ERA-interim reanalysis
Authors: Vuichard N. , Papale D.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Exchanges of carbon, water and energy between the land surface and the atmosphere are monitored by eddy covariance technique at the ecosystem level. Currently, the FLUXNET database contains more than 500 sites registered and up to 250 of them sharing data (Free Fair Use dataset). Many modelling groups use the FLUXNET dataset for evaluating ecosystem model's performances but it requires uninterrupted time series for the meteorological variables used as input. Because original in-situ data often contain gaps, from very short (few hours) up to relatively long (some months), we develop a new and robust method for filling the gaps in meteorological data measured at site level. Our approach has the benefit of making use of continuous data available globally (ERA-interim) and high temporal resolution spanning from 1989 to today. These data are however not measured at site level and for this reason a method to downscale and correct the ERA-interim data is needed. We apply this method on the level 4 data (L4) from the LaThuile collection, freely available after registration under a Fair-Use policy. The performances of the developed method vary across sites and are also function of the meteorological variable. On average overall sites, the bias correction leads to cancel from 10 to 36% of the initial mismatch between in-situ and ERA-interim data, depending of the meteorological variable considered. In comparison to the internal variability of the in-situ data, the root mean square error (RMSE) between the in-situ data and the un-biased ERA-I data remains relatively large (on average overall sites, from 27 to 76% of the standard deviation of in-situ data, depending of the meteorological variable considered). The performance of the method remains low for the wind speed field, in particular regarding its capacity to conserve a standard deviation similar to the one measured at FLUXNET stations. The ERA-interim reanalysis data debiased at FLUXNET sites can be downloaded from the PANGAEA data center (http://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.838234).
GlobWat – a global water balance model to assess water use in irrigated agriculture
Authors: Hoogeveen J. , Faurès J.-M. , Peiser L. , Burke J. , van de Giesen N.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. GlobWat is a freely distributed, global soil water balance model that is used by FAO to assess water use in irrigated agriculture; the main factor behind scarcity of freshwater in an increasing number of regions. The model is based on spatially distributed high resolution datasets that are consistent at global level and calibrated against values for Internal Renewable Water Resources, as published in AQUASTAT, FAO's global information system on water and agriculture. Validation of the model is done against mean annual river basin outflows. The water balance is calculated in two steps: first a "vertical" water balance is calculated that includes evaporation from in situ rainfall ("green" water) and incremental evaporation from irrigated crops. In a second stage, a "horizontal" water balance is calculated to determine discharges from river (sub-)basins, taking into account incremental evaporation from irrigation, open water and wetlands ("blue" water). The paper describes methodology, input and output data, calibration and validation of the model. The model results are finally compared with other global water balance models.
Cerebral Fat Embolism following Hip Hemiarthroplasty in the Absence of a Patent Foramen Ovale with Almost Complete Resolution
Authors: Roberts Samuel T. , Nicholson David J. , Oakley Patrick W.
Published: January 2015

We describe the first case of clinically significant neurological manifestations of the fat embolism syndrome in the absence of both patent foramen ovale and cardiopulmonary resuscitation during hip hemiarthroplasty. This is an important differential diagnosis in postoperative neurological dysfunction requiring high index of suspicion. Management is supportive.
Real-time Cell Analysis of the Cytotoxicity of Orthodontic Brackets on Gingival Fibroblasts
Authors: Toy Ebubekir , Malkoc Sıddık , Corekci Bayram , Bozkurt Buket S. , Hakki Sema S.
Published: January 2015

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of 6 different orthodontic bracket types on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) using the xCELLigence system.

Methods

The orthodontic brackets used in this study were gold-plated steel (Apollo Gold), titanium (Rematitan), stainless steel (Equilibrium 2), lucid ice (Inspire ICE), metal-reinforced ceramic (Clarity) and composite (OrthoFlex). Gingival fibroblasts were isolated from human gingival connective tissue of systemically healthy individuals. Tested brackets were incubated in DMEM culture medium for 72 hours according to ISO 10993-5 standards. Gingival fibroblasts were maintained with Dulbecco modified Eagle medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. The xCELLigence system was used to evaluate cell survival. The statistical analysis used was ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison tests.

Results

When the data were evaluated in the 30th hour, Apollo Gold showed significant decreases in cell index (P<0.001). It also showed statistically significant decreases (P<0.001) in the 65th hour, but Clarity and Inspire ICE showed significant increases in cell indices (P<0.001, P<0.01). In the 114th hour, Clarity and Equilibrium 2 showed statistically significant increases in cell indices (P<0.001). Inspire ICE and Rematitan demonstrated significant increases (P<0.05). There were significant decreases in cell index of Apollo Gold (P<0.001).

Conclusions

The tested brackets are suitable for clinical application, but further studies using different test methods are needed for gold-plated brackets.
The Clinical Utility of Circulating Tumor Cells in Breast Cancer Patients: Detection by a Quantitative Assay of h-MAM Gene Expression
Authors: Cheng Min , Chen Yongyan , Zou Dehong , Shen Guodong , Bian Geng , Shen Gan , Hu Shilian
Published: January 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate tumor markers of molecular abnormalities that display tissue specificity, as to detect circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in breast cancer patients. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR was used to determine h-MAM, BCSG1, CK19, and c-erbB2 mRNA levels in peripheral blood (PB) of breast cancer patients. Results were compared with other epithelial cancers (lung or esophagus cancer), benign breast disease, and healthy individuals. We found that h-MAM mRNA was only detectable in the PB of patients with breast cancer (49 of 65, 75.4%), but not in patients with other epithelial cancers, benign breast disease, or healthy individuals. No significant differences in the expression level and positive detection rate of BCSG1, CK19, and c-erbB2 mRNA were observed between breast cancer and other epithelial cancers. Furthermore, the expression level and positive detection rate of h-MAM mRNA in PB were significantly correlated to the breast cancer pathologic stage (p=0.012 and p=0.015, respectively). Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or total tumor resection (after 7 days of treatment) resulted in a significant decrease in the expression level of h-MAM mRNA in PB compared to the levels prior to the treatment (p<0.001). Importantly, an increase in h-MAM mRNA expression was detected in patients immediately after surgery, as well as 3 days post-surgery. These results indicate that the quantitative analysis of h-MAM mRNA is a useful tool for detecting CTCs in breast cancer patients, and can have a potential diagnostic utility in early micrometastasis, clinical evaluation of cancer treatment efficacy, and post-treatment monitoring of breast cancer patients.
Female Perspectives on Endometriosis: Findings from the Uterine Bleeding and Pain Women'S Research Study
Authors: Bernuit David , Ebert Andreas D. , Halis Gülden , Strothmann Anja , Gerlinger Christoph , Geppert Katharina , Faustmann Thomas
Published: January 2015

Purpose

The symptoms of endometriosis are heterogeneous and overlap with those of other conditions, resulting in misdiagnoses and/or delayed diagnosis and treatment. The Uterine Bleeding and Pain Women's Research Study (UBP-WRS) collected data to elucidate differences in diagnoses and treatment experiences of women, and to assess the impact of endometriosis on their quality of life.

Methods

The UBP-WRS interviewed women aged 15 to 49 in eight countries using an online methodology. Quotas were applied for the age, region, level of education, and income of respondents. Questions assessed menstruation, diagnoses of endometriosis or other gynecological conditions (e.g., uterine fibroids), symptoms, impact on life, and perceptions of treatments.

Results

Of the total of 21 749 women, 2.7% reported surgically diagnosed endometriosis, 2.4% reported nonsurgically diagnosed endometriosis, 5.5% had physician-suspected endometriosis, and 6.2% reported symptoms indicative of endometriosis but no diagnosis. Prevalence of the different diagnoses was comparable between countries. Mean age at diagnosis was 28 years and estimated time-to-diagnosis was 6.1 years. Pain symptoms were generally more common and severe in women with diagnosed endometriosis than in those with suspected disease, whereas the reverse was true for their quality-of-life. Of women receiving treatment for diagnosed endometriosis, 60% were satisfied and 40% were dissatisfied with efficacy. However, 29% of women with diagnosed endometriosis were not receiving any treatment.

Conclusions

Approximately 17% of women in the UBP-WRS reported diagnosed, suspected or symptoms of endometriosis; this is comparable to previously published studies. The UBP-WRS – among the largest surveys of its kind – may help to improve understanding of this enigmatic disease and guide therapeutic practices.
Computational Model for Prediction of Fistula Outcome
Authors: Remuzzi Andrea , Manini Simone
Published: January 2015

Background

The creation and management of an autologous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) as vascular access (VA) for hemodialysis patients is still a critical procedure. The placement of a functional and long-lasting VA derives from adequate planning of the surgical procedure based on physical examination, vascular mapping and selection of the best modality for arteriovenous anastomosis. The risk of AVF non-maturation and early failure is high, even when all precautions are taken to minimize these events. In addition, AVF surgery may develop very high blood flow exposing the patient to the risk of heart failure or hand ischemia.

Methods

The choices of the surgeons on the modalities to perform a surgical intervention for AVF should take into consideration several factors including patient clinical condition, arterial and venous vessel sizes and elasticity. However, these evaluations cannot give direct indication on VA outcome in terms of blood flow after AVF maturation. We then took advantage of theoretical models of vascular network hemodynamics and of computational fluid dynamics to develop a numerical tool for the prediction of potential blood flow of a planned VA surgery on the basis of preoperative ultrasound evaluation of arterial and venous sizes and blood flow.

Results

Here we present the numerical model, previously developed and tested, and we describe the web-based application that has been developed to help during surgical planning.

Conclusions

The use of this tool in the clinical setting should allow to reduce the incidence of AVF non-maturation as well as incidence of VA complications.
Motorcycle drive tourism leading to rural tourism opportunities
Authors: Sykes Diane , Kelly Kathryn Gibson
Published: January 2015

While opportunities may abound in attracting motorcyclists to rural areas, the lack of research on motorcycle tourism and its demand generators creates challenges in marketing to those opportunities. This article examines the interrelated role of rural tourism and motorcycle tourism, suggesting the formation of Regional Tourism Organizations (RTOs) in order to attract motorcycle tourists. This market has substantial disposable income and represents significant opportunity. However, barriers include regional boundaries, misperceptions regarding motorcyclists in general and failure to understand the demand generators of motorcycle tourism. This study shows that the motorcycle tourism market enjoys rural tourism and amenities and has significant disposable income, with the majority of motorcycle tourists spending more than $100 per day when visiting and touring an area. RTOs would do well to attract this lucrative market to rural areas because motorcyclists enjoy the existing rural nature, character, and amenities when they leave the beaten path.
Inburgeringsvoorwaarden en Europees recht: the end of the Wib as we know it?
Authors: van Oers R.
Published: January 2015

Inburgeringsvoorwaarden en Europees recht: the end of the Wib as we know it: Een analyse van de mogelijke gevolgen van de relevante bepalingen van Europees recht voor de Nederlandse Wet inburgering in het buitenland.

In het arrest Dogan beantwoordt het Hof van Justitie de eerste van twee prejudiciële vragen van het Verwaltungsgericht Berlin over de Duitse inburgeringseis in het buitenland. Het Hof van Justitie beantwoordt de tweede, subsidiaire vraag over de verenigbaarheid van de Duitse eis met Richtlijn 2003/86/EG inzake het recht op gezinshereniging (hierna: de Gezinsherenigingsrichtlijn) niet. Onlangs legde de Afdeling het Hof van Justitie prejudiciële vragen voor over de verenigbaarheid van de Nederlandse Wet inburgering in het buitenland (Wib) met deze richtlijn. Volgens de auteur valt uit het arrest Dogan, alsmede uit andere jurisprudentie van het Hof van Justitie en uit standpunten van de Europese Commissie, af te leiden dat het aannemelijk is dat het Hof van Justitie de Wib op punten strijdig zal achten met de Gezinsherenigingsrichtlijn.

HvJ 10 juli 2014, zaak C-138/13, Dogan/Bundesrepublik Deutschland, ECLI: EU: C:2014:2066
Du journal à l’oeuvre : « Écrire, mon secret, ma captivité, ma vie », Yves
Navarre
Authors: Lannegrand Sylvie
Published: January 2015

Le journal d’Yves Navarre, rédigé de 1971 à 1990, permet d’apprécier le travail du
diariste comme celui de l’écrivain. Outre un intérêt esthétique et documentaire certain, il
présente également une valeur littéraire indéniable et demeure jusqu’à présent inexploité.
Les 43 cahiers qui composent ce journal personnel abondamment illustré recèlent en effet
quantité de réflexions, de lettres, d’articles, de tapuscrits et de notes sur les textes en
cours ou publiés, ce qui en fait à la fois un objet fascinant et une ressource précieuse
pour le critique et le généticien. L’étude proposée se penche sur les liens dialectiques qui
s’établissent entre le journal et l’oeuvre publiée, en particulier l’ouvrage intitulé
Biographie (1981), texte autobiographique à la
composition originale et au contrat paradoxal. La réflexion s’élargit ensuite pour saisir la
pratique et les enjeux de l’écriture chez un auteur dont tous les ouvrages, par-delà les
différences génériques, sont marqués au sceau de l’écriture de soi.
Regard sur les autres, regard sur soi : les journaux-lettres d’Anne-Marie Palardy (1907-1923)
Authors: Bertho Lavenir Catherine
Published: January 2015

Anne-Marie Palardy et son époux, l’industriel du Saguenay J.-É.-A. Dubuc, se rendent en Europe à sept reprises entre 1907 et 1923. Les journaux-lettres rédigés par Anne-Marie et adressés à Chicoutimi afin d’être lus à haute voix dans le cercle familial illustrent la diversité des fonctions symboliques de ce qui est à la fois un journal et une correspondance. Permettant de maintenir le lien entre mère et enfants, la correspondance est un moyen de construire symboliquement la famille, en assignant des places précises à chacun de ses membres. Par ailleurs, ces textes assurent l’une des fonctions du journal, c’est-à-dire la réflexion sur soi-même : Anne-Marie Palardy négocie la représentation de la « bonne » mère, écartelée entre l’autonomie du couple amoureux, qui appartient à la modernité, et le maintien d’une conception traditionnelle de la famille élargie, qui demeure une ressource sur le plan de l’assistance psychologique ou matérielle. Ces textes ont aussi une fonction éducative. Ils montrent aux enfants quels sont les usages du monde et les règles de l’interaction dans une société cosmopolite. On voit comment la haute bourgeoisie industrielle francophone s’insère aux marges de la société coloniale des dominions tout en affirmant des spécificités qui lui semblent mériter d’être défendues.
Prevention and management of oral complications of head and neck cancer treatment
Authors: Spanemberg Juliana Cassol , Cardoso Juliana Andrade , Pinto Filho Jorge Moreira
Published: January 2015

Introduction: Radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CT) are therapeutic methods widely used in patients with malignancies in the head and neck regions. However, these therapies are able to induce significant acute and late toxicities to oral structures and surrounding tissues. Objective: To describe the acute and chronic oral complications of RT and CT in head and neck, showing the way the dentist can handle them. Materials and methods: Virtual Health Library (VHL) – Bireme: LILACS, IBECS, MEDLINE and BBO, PubMed, SciELO, Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD), Capes database journals and renowned oral medicine books. The search strategies used included the following words: radiotherapy, chemotherapy, adverse effects and treatment. Thirty-two references were selected between 1990 and 2012 for the development of this study. Results: Both therapies are associated with adverse effects that significantly affect the patients’ quality of life. Their adverse effects are dose-dependent and may occur from the first week of treatment. Among the most important complications are included the oral mucositis, radiodermatitis, hypossialia, hypogeusia, radiation caries, opportunistic infections, developmental abnormalities, osteoradionecrosis and trismus. A preliminary evaluation of the oral health status and the accompanying by the dentist during treatment may act to prevent and reduce the damage to oral tissues. Conclusion: The multidisciplinary treatment, including medical team, dental surgeon, speech therapist, psychologist and nutritionist is the best alternative to minimize or even prevent many complications resulting from physical and psychological anticancer treatment.
Histological reaction of the subcutaneous tissue of rats following implantation of bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-2) in inorganic bone scaffold and stimulation using low-power laser light
Authors: Bengtson Antonio Lucindo , Bengtson Camilla Regina Galvão , Bengtson Nadya Galvão , Sementilli Ângelo
Published: January 2015

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the histological reaction of the subcutaneous tissue of rats after the implantation of natural inorganic mineral scaffold from a calf femur containing recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-2) and irradiated with low-power laser light. Material and methods: Sixteen Wistar rats were incised in the torso in a medial-longitudinal orientation, and the subcutaneous tissue of the left and right sides of the incision was pulled apart for implantation of the inorganic bone scaffold containing rhBMP-2. Diode laser light was applied to the right side implant at a dose of 8 J/cm2 for 3 minutes, forming two groups: G1 (control) and G2 (irradiated with laser). Implants and surrounding tissue were removed from four animals on days 7, 21, 40 and 112 for microscopic study. The histological results were assessed by means of grading (0 = absence, 1 = slight presence, 2 = representative and 3 = very representative), considering the following events: formation of osteoid structure, acute inflammation, chronic inflammation, fibrin deposition, neovascularization, foreign body granuloma and fibrosis. Results: The results showed no statistically significant differences in each of the four periods when the two groups were compared (p>0.05 – Mann-Whitney’s test). Conclusion: The natural inorganic scaffold from a calf femur with rhBMP-2 was a biocompatible combination. Under these conditions, the inductive capacity of rhBMP-2 for cell differentiation was inhibited. A slight hastening of tissue healing was shown in the group that was irradiated with low-power laser light.
Células-tronco mesenquimais e sua aplicação na Odontologia
Authors: Lessa Anne Maria Guimarães , Telles Paloma Dias da Silva , Machado Cíntia de Vasconcellos
Published: January 2015

Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre as células-tronco pulpares, células indiferenciadas que possuem uma elevada capacidade de proliferação, autorrenovação e diferenciação em variados tipos celulares e seu uso na engenharia de tecidos aplicada à Odontologia. Bases de dados: As bases de dados utilizadas foram Pubmed e Bireme. Seleção dos trabalhos: Foi realizada por meio das palavras-chave: “Células-tronco mesenquimais”; “Polpa dentária”; “Bioengenharia”. Conclusões: A capacidade de multidiferenciação, as altas taxas de proliferação e o acesso relativamente fácil fazem da polpa de dentes decíduos e permanentes uma atraente fonte de células-tronco mesenquimais, as quais poderiam ser empregadas na regeneração tecidual. Algumas pesquisas evidenciaram que células-tronco pulpares foram capazes de produzir tecidos dentários como dentina, polpa e até estruturas similares a dentes in vivo. Os avanços dos estudos utilizando células-tronco abrem oportunidades para o desenvolvimento novas terapias que procuram regenerar e/ou substituir dentes perdidos ou danificados por diferentes motivos.
Reasons and pattern of tooth mortality as perceived by dental professionals in Udaipur City, Rajasthan, India
Authors: Bhat Nagesh , Mitra Ruchi , Reddy Jaddu Jyothirmai , Oza Swapnil , Patel Rahul , Singh Sopan
Published: January 2015

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to assess the reasons for tooth mortality as perceived by the dentists for the patients attending the dental clinics and hospitals in Udaipur city. Material and methods: A closed-ended questionnaire survey was conducted among 211 dental practitioners of Udaipur city. The reasons for extraction of permanent and deciduous teeth among patients who had attended during the study period were categorized and the dentists were requested to record the age and sex of the patient, the tooth extracted, and the reason for the extraction. Results: A total of 785 permanent teeth were extracted. There was a significant difference observed between the number of extractions in males (53.1%) and females (46.9%) (P<0.029). Extractions were most common in the 55-64 years of age group (32.7%). Dental caries (206, 26.2%) and periodontitis (188, 23.9%) were the most frequent reasons for tooth extraction. Conclusion: The results of the present study revealed caries as the dominant reason given by dentists for tooth extraction in all the age groups of the subjects studied.
Resistência adesiva após colagem e recolagem de bráquetes: um estudo in vitro
Authors: Oliveira Kelly Cristina Santana de , Araujo Cristiano Miranda de , Ribeiro Jucienne Salgado , Knop Luégya Amorin Henriques , Tanaka Orlando Motohiro , Guariza Filho Odilon , Camargo Elisa Souza
Published: January 2015

Introdução: A busca por um material adesivo para recolagem de bráquetes com adesão adequada desperta interesse ao ortodontista. A resina fotopolimerizável ReBond® foi introduzida na Ortodontia com esta fi¬nalidade. Objetivos: Avaliar e comparar o desempenho in vitro do ReBond® com a resina Transbond XT® na recolagem de bráquetes metálicos. Materiais e Métodos: Noventa incisivos inferiores bovinos foram divididos em 3 grupos (n=30): Grupo I: bráquetes colados com resina Transbond® e colagem de novos bráquetes com resina Transbond®; Grupo II: bráquetes colados com resina Transbond® e recolados com resina Rebond®; Grupo III: bráquetes colados e recolados com resina Transbond®. Os corpos de prova foram submetidos ao teste de cisalhamento na máquina de ensaio universal DL 500 (EMIC). Os valores obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente e apresentaram distribuição normal (ANOVA e TUKEY-HSD). Resultados: Os resultados evidenciaram existir diferença estatisticamente significante entre grupos e en¬tre colagem/recolagem dos bráquetes. A força de colagem inicial demonstrou ser sempre superior à força de recolagem, em todos os grupos experimentais. Conclusões: A força de recolagem dos bráquetes com Rebond® e Transbond® apresentaram forças de adesão adequadas ao uso clínico.
Prótese parcial removível com attachment para reabilitação oral: relato de caso
Authors: Vasconcellos Andréa Araújo de , Gonçalves Letícia Machado , Campos Belquiz Glória , Araújo Cristiane Ventura , Henriques Sérgio Eduardo Feitosa , Girundi Francisco Mauro da Silva
Published: January 2015

Objetivo: Abordar os principais aspectos relacionados à reabilitação oral ao relatar um caso clínico utilizando prótese parcial removível (PPR) com attachment ball. Discussão: As próteses implanto-suportadas são consideradas um tratamento efetivo para a reabilitação de muitos pacientes desdentados parciais. No entanto, limitações ósseas e/ou sistêmicas e o custo elevado dos implantes podem contraindicar essa modalidade terapêutica. Assim, a reabilitação oral com PPR torna-se uma ótima opção de tratamento. É conhecido que as PPRs a grampo não apresentam boa estética em muitas situações clínicas; porém, PPRs associadas a attachments permitem diversas possibilidades de soluções clínicas quando um diagnóstico e plano de tratamento mais elaborado podem ser executados. Conclusão: A PPR retida por attachment propicia resultado estético superior, transmissão adequada da carga mastigatória aos dentes suportes e excelente retenção.