bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dominating Controls for Wetter South Asian Summer Monsoon in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Mei Rui , Ashfaq Moetasim , Rastogi Deeksha , Leung L. Ruby , Dominguez Francina
Published: February 2015

This paper analyzes a suite of global climate models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) archives to understand the mechanisms behind a net increase in the South Asian summer monsoon precipitation in response to enhanced radiative forcing during the twenty-first century. An increase in radiative forcing fuels an increase in the atmospheric moisture content through warmer temperatures, which overwhelms the weakening of monsoon circulation and results in an increase of moisture convergence and therefore summer monsoon precipitation over South Asia. Moisture source analysis suggests that both regional (local recycling, the Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal) and remote (including the south Indian Ocean) sources contribute to the moisture supply for precipitation over South Asia during the summer season that is facilitated by the monsoon dynamics. For regional moisture sources, the effect of excessive atmospheric moisture is offset by weaker monsoon circulation and uncertainty in the response of the evapotranspiration over land, so anomalies in their contribution to the total moisture supply are either mixed or muted. In contrast, weakening of the monsoon dynamics has less influence on the moisture supply from remote sources that not only is a dominant moisture contributor in the historical period but is also the net driver of the positive summer monsoon precipitation response in the twenty-first century. The results also indicate that historic measures of the monsoon dynamics may not be well suited to predict the nonstationary moisture-driven South Asian summer monsoon precipitation response in the twenty-first century.
Seasonal Analysis of Return Periods for Maximum Daily Precipitation in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Santos Eliane Barbosa , Lucio Paulo Sérgio , Santos e Silva Cláudio Moisés
Published: February 2015

The aim of this study is to estimate the return period of maximum daily precipitation for each season of the year in different subregions of the Brazilian Amazon. For this, the extreme value theory was used, through the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution and the generalized Pareto distribution (GPD). The GEV distribution and GPD were applied in precipitation series from homogeneous regions of the Brazilian Amazon. The GEV and GPD goodness of fit were evaluated by the application of the Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) test, which compares the cumulative empirical distributions with theoretical ones. The KS test results indicate that the tested distributions have a good fit, particularly the GEV distribution. Thus, they are adequate to study the seasonal maximum daily precipitation. The results indicate that extremes of more intense rainfall are expected during the rainy or transition seasons of each subregion. Using the GEV distribution (GPD), a daily total of 146.1 (201.6), 143.1 (209.5), and 109.4 (152.4) mm is expected at least once a year in the south, at the Atlantic coast in the Amazon catchment, and in the northwest of the Brazilian Amazon, respectively.
Creating Risk Takers
Authors: McComb Sean
Published: February 2015

The author, the 2014 National Teacher of the Year, discusses why it’s important to create a caring classroom culture and shares his strategies for doing so.
Measuring Up
Authors: Carrero Jacqueline
Published: February 2015

The author discusses how teachers can measure their effectiveness and discusses three frameworks they can use to do so: the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards’s Core Propositions, Robert J. Marzano’s Teacher Evaluation Model, and John Hattie’s eight mind frames. She also gives examples from her own experience to show how she applied the frameworks to improve her teaching.
Building Relationships With Parents
Authors: Cullaj Stephanie
Published: February 2015

Communicating with parents may seem like one more task on top of an overwhelming workload, but creating a positive relationship with parents has many benefits for all involved. The author discusses the steps to creating these relationships and communicating with families.
Pop Quiz: Teacher Success and Burnout
Authors: Clement Mary C.
Published: February 2015

Everyone knows someone who used to teach but quit. Do teachers quit because they aren’t successful or do they burn out? This quiz tests the readers’ knowledge of the issue.
Three Ways edTPA Prepared Me for the Classroom
Authors: Butler Matthew
Published: February 2015

edTPA, a capstone assessment designed to assess whether new teachers are ready for the job by evaluating their teaching and their analysis of their teaching, helped prepare the author for the classroom in three ways. First, he became accountable to his students. Second, he learned to analyze his teaching. Third, he discovered how to relate education theory to his practice.
Why I Teach
Authors: White Amy
Published: February 2015

This elementary school teacher explains how she knew she wanted to be a teacher since she was in elementary school herself and compares her idea of the profession then to the reality of being a teacher today.
Method, Meaning, and the Theologies of Religions
Authors: Jacobs-Vandegeer Christiaan
Published: February 2015

The theologies of religions respond to important questions about the meaning of Christian faith in a religiously pluralistic world, but the debates among their various positions are often criticized for militating against actual engagement with the world’s religions. Most often these theologies presume the need for a framework that relates Christianity to the religions. This article uses the work of Bernard Lonergan to propose foundations for a theology of religions that undercuts the imposition of conceptualist frameworks, attends to the yet unfolding histories of Christianity and the religions, and grounds Christian doctrine in the context of pluralism.
Mothers on Display: Lunchboxes, Social Class and Moral Accountability
Authors: Harman Vicki , Cappellini Benedetta
Published: February 2015

This article explores middle class mothers’ narratives on their daily routines of preparing lunchboxes for their children. In this study lunchboxes are understood as an artefact linking together discourses and practices of doing and displaying mothering, media and government discourses of feeding children and broader issues of care and surveillance in private and public settings. Drawing on semi-structured, photo elicitation interviews and a focus group discussion, this article illuminates how mothers feel on display through the contents of their children’s lunchboxes.
Between Order and Modernity
Authors: Selim Gehan
Published: February 2015

Egypt’s Revolution of 1952 presented a major historical change to its political and economic structure, its society, and its institutions. This paper examines how Nasser’s regime operated through the state apparatus to exhibit features of modernity. Under the pretext of modernization, renovating Cairo’s authentic urban fabric was one of the channels that displayed the new ambitions to unveil a centralized system of governance and ideologies of socialism. The paper particularly looks at the city’s resurgence attempts, promoted by upgrading practices that displayed Western ideals of planning. Eventually, the contradictory planning legislative system introduced by the government raised early alarms at the problems encountered in the planning institution that was not only unable to liberate Cairo’s urban districts from its long-rooted decay, but also struggled to implement the regime’s flagship policy of social justice in a context wherein it was much needed.
Necrotizing Enteritis and Hyperammonemic Encephalopathy Associated With Equine Coronavirus Infection in Equids
Authors: Giannitti F. , Diab S. , Mete A. , Stanton J. B. , Fielding L. , Crossley B. , Sverlow K. , Fish S. , Mapes S. , Scott L. , Pusterla N.
Published: February 2015

Equine coronavirus (ECoV) is a Betacoronavirus recently associated clinically and epidemiologically with emerging outbreaks of pyrogenic, enteric, and/or neurologic disease in horses in the United States, Japan, and Europe. We describe the pathologic, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and molecular findings in 2 horses and 1 donkey that succumbed to natural infection with ECoV. One horse and the donkey (case Nos. 1, 3) had severe diffuse necrotizing enteritis with marked villous attenuation, epithelial cell necrosis at the tips of the villi, neutrophilic and fibrinous extravasation into the small intestinal lumen (pseudomembrane formation), as well as crypt necrosis, microthrombosis, and hemorrhage. The other horse (case No. 2) had hyperammonemic encephalopathy with Alzheimer type II astrocytosis throughout the cerebral cortex. ECoV was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in small intestinal tissue, contents, and/or feces, and coronavirus antigen was detected by immunohistochemistry in the small intestine in all cases. Coronavirus-like particles characterized by spherical, moderately electron lucent, enveloped virions with distinct peplomer-like structures projecting from the surface were detected by negatively stained transmission electron microscopy in small intestine in case No. 1, and transmission electron microscopy of fixed small intestinal tissue from the same case revealed similar 85- to 100-nm intracytoplasmic particles located in vacuoles and free in the cytoplasm of unidentified (presumably epithelial) cells. Sequence comparison showed 97.9% to 99.0% sequence identity with the ECoV-NC99 and Tokachi09 strains. All together, these results indicate that ECoV is associated with necrotizing enteritis and hyperammonemic encephalopathy in equids.
An ‘old fashioned’ geographer
Authors: Freestone Robert
Published: February 2015

Sir Peter Hall, who passed away on 30 July 2014, was best known for his contribution to urban planning scholarship and policy, but his training in, and early career orientation to, human geography instilled a strong spatial imagination in his work. His name is indelibly associated with important urban and regional planning concepts of enduring significance, including global, polycentric, and garden cities. Hall was an accomplished communicator with an encyclopaedic knowledge of urbanism and a sensibility to both history and futures research. He was a prolific author whose outputs not only crossed the town-gown divide but captured, on their own terms, the productive nexus between geography and planning.
Marxism and the philosophy of internal relations; or, How to replace the mysterious ‘paradox’ with ‘contradictions’ that can be studied and resolved
Authors: Ollman Bertell
Published: February 2015

The problems most people have in understanding Marx come not only from the complexity of his theories, but also from the frequent changes in the meanings of his concepts. The present article attributes this unusual practice to Marx’s ‘philosophy of internal relations’, which serves as the foundation for his dialectical method, and his use of the process of abstraction (breaking up our internally related world into the ‘parts’ best suited to study it). The ‘flexibility’ found in Marx’s use of language is the linguistic counterpart of the different abstractions he believes necessary in order to capture the complex workings of capitalism. Marx’s dialectical categories, especially ‘contradiction’, are good examples of this process at work.
Internal relations, the concrete universal, and historical materialism
Authors: Brien Kevin M.
Published: February 2015

This paper attempts to clarify how the internal relation and the concrete universal are both crucial canons of interpretation at play in Marx’s mature method of dialectical explanation, which moves from the abstract to the concrete-in-thought. The paper argues that just as Marx’s notion of the commodity is the master conceptual knot for Marx’s elaboration of Capital via a movement from the abstract to the concrete-in-thought, so praxis is the master conceptual knot for integrating the humanism of the early Marx with the theory of historical materialism, and with Marx’s later work, via a movement from the abstract to the concrete-in-thought.
The dialectics of unity and difference in the constitution of wage-labour: On internal relations and working-class formation
Authors: McNally David
Published: February 2015

This article seeks to dialecticise the debate between the ostensible politics of class and those of identity. It mobilises the Hegelian-Marxian conception of ‘unity of the diverse’ against abstract conceptions of both universality and difference, in order to demonstrate how working classes are constituted in and through (i.e. internally related to) multiple social differences. In contrast to bad essentialism, the dialectical-Marxist concept of working class self-emancipation is thus shown to necessitate conscious struggle and self-organisation against all forms of social oppression.
Relationship Between Knee Mechanics and Time Since Injury in ACL-Deficient Knees Without Signs of Osteoarthritis
Authors: Zabala Michael E. , Favre Julien , Andriacchi Thomas P.
Published: February 2015

Background:

There is increasing evidence that kinematic changes after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury can influence the risk for premature osteoarthritis. However, kinematics can change over time, and the factors influencing those changes remain unknown but potentially important.

Hypothesis/Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to perform gait analysis on a population of ACL-deficient (ACLD) subjects without knee osteoarthritis after considerable time had elapsed since their injuries. The following hypotheses were tested: (1) ACLD knees will have greater anterior femoral translation, external femoral rotation, and flexion moment as compared with healthy contralateral knees with increased time since injury; (2) side-to-side differences in anterior femoral translation and external femoral rotation are positively associated with side-to-side differences in knee flexion moment.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Nineteen subjects with unilateral ACLD (time since injury, 1-384 months) underwent gait testing. Linear regression testing was performed for significant relationships between side-to-side differences in tibial translation and rotation during stance and the amount of time since injury, as well as the relationship between differences in peak flexion moment and differences in translation and rotation.

Results:

There was a time dependency in side-to-side differences. Subjects with shorter times since injury had the femur of the ACLD knee more posteriorly translated and internally rotated than the femur of the contralateral knee, and subjects with longer times since injury had the femur of the ACLD knee more anteriorly translated ( R2 = 0.33) and externally rotated ( R2 = 0.53) than the femur of the contralateral knee. Additionally, when the population was stratified into 2 subgroups based on time after injury (short-term: 1.4-18.7 months; long-term: 58-383.5 months), a relationship between side-to-side differences in knee flexion moment and side-to-side differences in knee translation and rotation was found for the long-term subgroup.

Conclusion:

The results of this study provide an understanding of the relationship between kinematics and kinetics of the ACLD knee and the amount of time since injury. They suggest that elapsed time since injury might be an important factor when the function of ACL-injured knees is interpreted as it relates to osteoarthritis.
The Role of Employee Task Performance and Learning Effort in Determining Empowering Managerial Practices
Authors: Hassan Shahidul , Wright Bradley E. , Park Jongsoo
Published: February 2015

Touting its potential benefits, employee participation or empowerment has served as an underlying theme in many recent public sector management reforms. However, few studies have investigated the conditions under which public managers are more or less likely to use participatory practices while making decisions with their employees. This study contributes to the public management literature by investigating how public manager assessments of employee behavior can affect the degree to which the manager uses two different types of empowerment: consultation and delegation. Using survey data from both employees and their supervisors collected in a large government agency, we find that supervisor perceptions of subordinate task performance and learning efforts are important in predicting their use of the two empowerment practices. In particular, public managers are more likely to delegate work to employees they perceive as higher performers but more likely to consult with employees who they perceive as exhibiting greater learning effort.
New bench-scale protocols for characterizing bark flammability and fire resistance in trees: Application to Algerian cork
Authors: Dehane Belkheir , Madrigal Javier , Hernando Carmen , Bouhraoua Rachid , Guijarro Mercedes
Published: February 2015

This study proposes new bench-scale protocols for evaluating the flammability of bark and its involvement in resistance of trees to fire. Samples of cork from Algerian oak forests ( Quercus suber) were selected for flammability testing. A mass loss calorimeter device, arranged in the standard horizontal configuration, was used to determine Heat Release Rate and temperatures. A calibrated epiradiator, arranged in a vertical configuration (to resemble field conditions), was used to determine lethal temperatures in living tissues and to assess the inter-device reproducibility of the data. Both protocols showed good repeatability and reasonable reproducibility. The time to reach lethal temperatures beside living tissues was more than 2 min in all cases and the average time was 230 s. The resistance of cork to fire increased with the thickness of the material, showing that trees in which the cork is less than 3 cm thick are most vulnerable to fire. The importance of corkback tissue in the flammability of cork is also highlighted, indicating important differences in the flammability of industrially processed cork and natural cork. The proposed protocols can be implemented using other devices (i.e. cone calorimeter) to obtain more information about the flammability of different types of tree bark, fire resistance and heat transfer during wildfire.
Inflammation Partially Mediates the Association of Multimorbidity and Functional Limitations in a National Sample of Middle-Aged and Older Adults
Authors: Friedman Elliot M. , Christ Sharon L. , Mroczek Daniel K.
Published: February 2015

Objective: Older adults are increasingly likely to have two or more chronic medical conditions (multimorbidity) and are consequently at greater risk of disability. Here we examine the role of inflammation in mediating the relationship between multimorbidity and disability. Method: Data are from the Survey of Mid-Life in the United States (MIDUS), a national sample of middle-aged and older adults. Structural equation models were used to assess direct relationships between multimorbidity and activities of daily living as well as indirect associations with a latent variable for inflammation (indicated by circulating levels of interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and fibrinogen) as a mediator. Results: After adjustment for potential confounds, multimorbidity was positively associated with inflammation ( p < .001) and functional limitations ( p < .001), and inflammation partially mediated the link between multimorbidity and functional limitations ( p < .01). Discussion: Inflammation may be an important biological mechanism through which chronic medical conditions are linked to disability in later life.
Patient–Physician End-of-Life Discussions in the Routine Care of Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Keary Sara , Moorman Sara M.
Published: February 2015

Objective: Medicare reimbursement for physicians who discussed end-of-life care and planning with a patient during an office visit was cut from the 2010 Affordable Care Act. We assessed the characteristics of patients who reported having had such discussions, and whether these discussions are associated with trust in one’s physicians and with rates of family advance care planning (FACP). Method: The sample consisted of 5,199 Medicare beneficiaries who reported having an ongoing relationship with a primary care physician. We estimated ordinal and multinomial logistic regressions that controlled for health care utilization, current health, and recent family deaths. Results: Less than 1% ( n = 310) reported an end-of-life conversation with a physician during the course of routine care. However, conversations were associated with greater trust in one’s physician and higher rates of completion of FACP. Discussion: Findings support renewed efforts to reimburse physicians for discussing end of life with their Medicare patients.
Optimal placement of measurement points on large aircraft fuselage panels in digital assembly
Authors: Bi Yunbo , Yan Weimiao , Ke Yinglin
Published: February 2015

A large aircraft fuselage panel is commonly composed of a variety of thin-walled components. Most of these components are large, thin and compliant, and they are also prone to some flexible deformation during assembly and remain deformed after assembly. Besides, many different fabrication and assembly manners are adopted in order to guarantee the complicated assembly relationships between each component. The above characteristics often cause large aircraft fuselage panels to exhibit low stiffness and weak strength, thereby inducing deformation during assembly. Since the posture of a large aircraft fuselage panel is commonly evaluated by matching the theoretical and actual positions of the measurement points placed on it, and its assembly deformation is also represented by the position errors of the measurement points, a reasonable measurement point placement is significant for the large aircraft fuselage panel in digital assembly. This article presents a method based on the D-optimality method and the adaptive simulated annealing genetic algorithm to optimize the placement of the measurement points which can cover more deformation information of the panel for effective assembly error diagnosis. By taking the principle of the D-optimality method, an optimal set of measurement points is selected from a larger candidate set through adaptive simulated annealing genetic algorithm. As illustrated by an example, the final measurement point configuration is more effective to maximize the determinant of the corresponding Fisher Information Matrix and minimize the estimation error of the assembly deformation than those obtained by other methods.
Experimental study on the energy absorption capability of circular corrugated tubes under lateral loading and axial loading
Authors: Niknejad Abbas , Abdolzadeh Yashar , Rouzegar Jafar , Abbasi Mohammad
Published: February 2015

A new type of energy absorber called an expansion joint (i.e. a corrugated tube) is examined in this research. Several experiments are performed on three types of thin-walled specimen, namely circular tubes, preformed corrugated tubes and complete corrugated tubes, to investigate the energy absorption of steel specimens under different conditions for quasi-static lateral loading and axial loading. For this purpose, some steel specimens were compressed between two rigid platens in the axial direction, and the other specimens were laterally compressed. The preformed corrugated tubes and the complete corrugated tubes were produced by the hydroforming method. In each geometrical group of specimens, several tubes, which have different wall thicknesses, different inner diameters and different lengths and which are either empty or filled with polyurethane foam, were tested. Experiments show that, for a lateral load, the specific absorbed energies of the complete corrugated tubes are higher than those of the corresponding preformed corrugated tubes and circular tubes with the same characteristics. Tests show that, under lateral loading, a complete corrugated tube with a thicker wall and a smaller diameter is the optimum energy absorber system. Therefore, when a circular tube transforms into the corrugated tube, a better energy absorber system with a higher capability is achieved under lateral loading. Also, experiments show that, under axial loading, simple circular tubes with no forming process have higher specific absorbed energies than corrugated tubes do. Corrugated specimens have more controllable plastic deformation and a more regular deformation mode than simple tubes have. Tests under axial loading illustrate that, when the preformed corrugated tubes are filled with polyurethane foam, the specific absorbed energy increases by up to 74%. A comparison of the results on empty and filled specimens shows that, in some cases, the specific absorbed energies of corrugated tubes under lateral loading are higher than the specific absorbed energies of circular tubes under axial loading. This means that, by shaping the circular tubes into preformed corrugated tubes and complete corrugated tubes via the hydroforming process, a new thin-walled structure with a high specific absorbed energy during the lateral compression process is introduced.
M-Lattice: A self-configurable modular robotic system for composing space solar panels
Authors: Guan En-guang , Fu Zhuang , Fei Jian , Zhai Jia-xin , Yan Wei-xin , Zhao Yan-zheng
Published: February 2015

This article presents a modular robotic system called M-Lattice usable for automatically composing huge solar cell panels for space solar power satellites. The module structure design along with the model structure, the connector mechanism and the pattern of multi-module movement are described. A distributed control strategy called simulated growth enables the self-configuration. Using local communications, each module can execute path searching, path planning and multi-module movement. Computational simulations have demonstrated the practicability of the design. Whereas the current designs are mostly restricted to the situations when the modules are taken into the workspace one by one, the simulated growth strategy enables movement of several modules simultaneously or in a pipeline order.
Book Review: David E. Sanger, ed., Confront and Conceal
Authors: Choudhury (Naskar) Moutusi Paul
Published: February 2015

David E. Sanger, ed., Confront and Conceal. New York: Broadway Paperbacks, 2012–2013, p. 485.
Book Review: Robert J. Holton, ed., Globalization and the Nation-state
Authors: Roy Shyamashree
Published: February 2015

Robert J. Holton, ed., Globalization and the Nation-state. Basingstoke, Hampshire and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011 (second edition), p. 267, US$ 35.67.
A demand for encompassment: A Hayekian experimental parable about political psychology
Authors: Klein Daniel B , Pan Xiaofei (Sophia) , Houser Daniel , Schwarz Gonzalo
Published: February 2015

Emile Durkheim said that when all of the members of a tribe or clan come together, they can sanctify the sacred and experience a spiritual “effervescence.” Friedrich Hayek suggested that certain genes and instincts still dispose us toward the ethos and mentality of the hunter-gatherer band and that modern forms of political collectivism have, in part, been atavistic reassertions of such tendencies. Picking up on Hayek, Daniel Klein has suggested a combination of yearnings: (1) a yearning for coordinated sentiment (like Smithian sympathy) and (2) a yearning that the sentiment encompasses “ the people,” that is, some focal and seemingly definitive set of “we.” This article reports on an experiment designed to explore the demand for encompassment by having subjects sing together. In each trial, one person in the room was designated not to sing unless every one of the others in the room had made a payment sufficient so as to have that person sing. Our evidence of a demand for encompassment is threefold: Subjects chose to sacrifice money to achieve encompassment 47.4% of the time, with 59.6% of the subjects doing so in at least one trial. An exit questionnaire showed that subjects’ chief reason for making such a sacrifice was a belief that the singing would be more enjoyable if it encompassed the whole group. Furthermore, the subjects reported significantly higher enjoyment when they had experienced encompassment. We are well aware of the significant differences between the situation of the experiment and the situation of actual political life. We nonetheless discuss the experiment as a parable for a penchant toward political collectivism, a parable that helps to clarify the role of encompassment in the sentimental facets of Hayek’s ideas about the psychology of political collectivism.
Assessing Health Care Reform
Authors: Gettens John , Adams Augustus
Published: February 2015

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) expanded eligibility for subsidized health insurance, and this has the potential to substantially increase health insurance coverage among persons with disabilities. The increase will depend, at least in part, on the complexity of the application process. To facilitate access, the ACA streamlined the application process for subsidized coverage; however, this did not include disability-based coverage. This article analyzes and describes the application process, identifies complexities, and defines steps to reduce complexities. The following application complexities were identified: (a) the need for applicants to apply separately for cash assistance and subsidized coverage, (b) the need for applicants to determine whether to pursue a disability-based Medicaid determination, and (c) the absence of a way for persons to self-identify their disability on the streamlined paper application form. The analysis indicates that the application process for subsidized coverage is complex and may hinder access among persons with disabilities. We identified operational steps that states and the federal government can take to reduce the complexities and improve access.
Measuring Rich-Country Policies Toward the Global Environment: A Critical Analysis of the Environmental Component of the Commitment to Development Index
Authors: Syrovátka Miroslav , Hák Tomáš
Published: February 2015

The Commitment to Development Index has been developed to assess seven policy areas of rich countries that affect the development of poor countries and to rank the rich countries from this perspective. This article aims to analyze the environmental component of this index. The environmental dimension is a legitimate part of the concept behind the index because preserving global environmental resources is essential for the future development prospects of poorer countries. The operationalization of the dimension, however, gives rise to several issues, such as the combination of policy and practice indicators, data availability and credibility, and other specific aspects that affect the information value of individual indicators and the component as a whole. Acknowledging the difficulty of constructing such a component, we suggest several options for its modification.
A Minor Research and Educational Language
Authors: Reinertsen Anne Beate
Published: February 2015

A minor research and educational language is deterritorialized, political, and has collective value moving “head over heels and away.” Through taking language to its limits, to the desert, the main object is to engage not only critique and extract, hopefully creating spaces for collective subjectivity intensities, for change, and for social justice. This is thus about the beingness of engagement and ontological becomings: becoming imperceptible, becoming minor loud and clear accountable, and a pedagogy of the concept and learning. It is an honest hard toughening up allowing us to say more and other ultimately avoiding silencing and where I think we need to go.
Acquaintance Rape
Authors: Lehmann Robert J. B. , Goodwill Alasdair M. , Hanson R. Karl , Dahle Klaus-Peter
Published: February 2015

The aim of the current study was to enhance the assessment and predictive accuracy of risk assessments for sexual offenders by utilizing detailed crime scene analysis (CSA). CSA was conducted on a sample of 247 male acquaintance rapists from Berlin (Germany) using a nonmetric, multidimensional scaling (MDS) Behavioral Thematic Analysis (BTA) approach. The age of the offenders at the time of the index offense ranged from 14 to 64 years ( M = 32.3; SD = 11.4). The BTA procedure revealed three behavioral themes of hostility, criminality, and pseudo-intimacy, consistent with previous CSA research on stranger rape. The construct validity of the three themes was demonstrated through correlational analyses with known sexual offending measures and criminal histories. The themes of hostility and pseudo-intimacy were significant predictors of sexual recidivism. In addition, the pseudo-intimacy theme led to a significant increase in the incremental validity of the Static-99 actuarial risk assessment instrument for the prediction of sexual recidivism. The results indicate the potential utility and validity of crime scene behaviors in the applied risk assessment of sexual offenders.
The Youth Lens
Authors: Petrone Robert , Sarigianides Sophia Tatiana , Lewis Mark A.
Published: February 2015

Drawing from interdisciplinary scholarship that re-conceptualizes adolescence as a cultural construct, this article introduces a Youth Lens. A Youth Lens comprises an approach to textual analysis that examines howideas about adolescence and youth get formed, circulated, critiqued, andrevised. Focused specifically on its application to young adult literature, agenre of writing that explicitly names it audience, this article explores howa Youth Lens provides a much needed critical approach to interpreting andteaching young adult literature within literacy education, especially given the problematic representations of youth in many of these literarytexts. Specifically, this article a) discusses the central assumptions thatgovern a Youth Lens; b) provides an explanation of the lens, includingpublished and new examples and guiding questions; c) presents an in-depthcase of how a Youth Lens illuminates new possibilities forunderstanding The Hunger Games; and, d) offers specific implications a Youth Lens has for the analysis of young adult and other literary texts,approaches to teaching young adult literature courses for pre-service literacy teachers, and secondary literacy pedagogy involving young adult literature and media texts.
Contribution of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor to exercise-induced vasodilation in health and hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Ozkor Muhiddin A , Hayek Salim S , Rahman Ayaz M , Murrow Jonathan R , Kavtaradze Nino , Lin Ji , Manatunga Amita , Quyyumi Arshed A
Published: February 2015

The role of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) in either the healthy circulation or in those with hypercholesterolemia is unknown. In healthy and hypercholesterolemic subjects, we measured forearm blood flow (FBF) using strain-gauge plethysmography at rest, during graded handgrip exercise, and after sodium nitroprusside infusion. Measurements were repeated after l-NMMA, tetraethylammonium (TEA), and combined infusions. At rest, l-NMMA infusion reduced FBF in healthy but not hypercholesterolemic subjects. At peak exercise, vasodilation was lower in hypercholesterolemic compared to healthy subjects (274% vs 438% increase in FBF, p=0.017). TEA infusion reduced exercise-induced vasodilation in both healthy and hypercholesterolemic subjects (27%, p<0.0001 and −20%, p<0.0001, respectively). The addition of l-NMMA to TEA further reduced FBF in healthy (–14%, p=0.012) but not in hypercholesterolemic subjects, indicating a reduced nitric oxide and greater EDHF-mediated contribution to exercise-induced vasodilation in hypercholesterolemia. In conclusion, exercise-induced vasodilation is impaired and predominantly mediated by EDHF in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Clinical Trial Registration Identifier: NCT00166166
Investigating young people’s experiences of successful or helpful psychological interventions for tic disorders: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis study
Authors: Smith Heather , Fox John RE , Hedderly Tammy , Murphy Tara , Trayner Penny
Published: February 2015

There is emerging evidence for talking therapies in the treatment of tic disorders. This study explored experiences of young people who self-identified as having had a successful or helpful talking therapy, in order to understand the phenomenology, value and meaning of outcomes. The experiences of seven participants aged 10–17 years were described in semi-structured interviews and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Themes included the challenging battle with tics and process of re-defining self-identity, making sense of and managing experiences, the value of control, and spectrum of positive change. The results highlighted valued outcomes that could be incorporated into clinical practice and future evaluation.
Associations of health behaviors with human papillomavirus vaccine uptake, completion, and intentions among female undergraduate students
Authors: Winger Joseph G , Christy Shannon M , Mosher Catherine E
Published: February 2015

This study explored associations between health behaviors and human papillomavirus vaccine receipt/intentions among female undergraduates. Participants ( N = 286) completed a survey assessing human papillomavirus vaccine uptake (receiving 1–3 shots vs no shots), completion (receiving 3 shots vs 1–2 shots), and intentions as well as various health behaviors. Human papillomavirus vaccine uptake and completion were associated with receipt of other preventive medical care; completion was associated with having a regular healthcare provider. Among unvaccinated students ( n = 115), increased human papillomavirus vaccine intentions were associated with flu shot and human immunodeficiency virus test receipt. Findings suggest promoting human papillomavirus vaccination with other preventive medical care might improve vaccine receipt.
Rethinking news values: What a discursive approach can tell us about the construction of news discourse and news photography
Authors: Caple Helen , Bednarek Monika
Published: February 2015

The study of news values/factors has a long and rich history in journalism and communications research. Conceptually, they encompass not only the newsworthy aspects of happenings or news actors but also external aspects that impact journalism practice, such as the influence of proprietors or advertisers, meeting deadlines or competition among news providers to get exclusive stories. Some view news values as existing in the actual events and people who are reported on in the news, that is, in events in their material reality (a material perspective). Others conceive news values as existing in the minds of journalists (a cognitive perspective). News values are also constructed in the discourses involved in the production of news (a discursive perspective). The focus in this article is on this third perspective, with the aim of demonstrating what a discursive approach to news values can add to the two other, theoretical and analytical perspectives. The article has an additional focus on the much neglected area of visual analysis and investigates the construction of news values in news photography.
Invited Review: Combustion instability in spray-guided stratified-charge engines: A review
Authors: Fansler Todd D , Reuss David L , Sick Volker , Dahms Rainer N
Published: February 2015

This article reviews systematic research on combustion instabilities (principally rare, random misfires and partial burns) in spray-guided stratified-charge (SGSC) engines operated at part load with highly stratified fuel -air -residual mixtures. Results from high-speed optical imaging diagnostics and numerical simulation provide a conceptual framework and quantify the sensitivity of ignition and flame propagation to strong, cyclically varying temporal and spatial gradients in the flow field and in the fuel -air -residual distribution. For SGSC engines using multi-hole injectors, spark stretching and locally rich ignition are beneficial. Combustion instability is dominated by convective flow fluctuations that impede motion of the spark or flame kernel toward the bulk of the fuel, coupled with low flame speeds due to locally lean mixtures surrounding the kernel. In SGSC engines using outwardly opening piezo-electric injectors, ignition and early flame growth are strongly influenced by the spray's characteristic recirculation vortex. For both injection systems, the spray and the intake/compression-generated flow field influence each other. Factors underlying the benefits of multi-pulse injection are identified. Unresolved questions include (1) the extent to which piezo-SGSC misfires are caused by failure to form a flame kernel rather than by flame-kernel extinction (as in multi-hole SGSC engines); (2) the relative contributions of partially premixed flame propagation and mixing-controlled combustion under the exceptionally late-injection conditions that permit SGSC operation on E85-like fuels with very low NOx and soot emissions; and (3) the effects of flow-field variability on later combustion, where fuel-air-residual mixing within the piston bowl becomes important.
Influence of tacrolimus on podocyte injury inducted by angiotensin II
Authors: Shengyou Yu , Li Yu , Zhihong Hao , Yuanyuan Ma
Published: February 2015

Objective:

This study investigated the protective effect of FK506 in podocytes and the correlation of TRPC6 with podocyte injury repair.

Methods:

MPC5 were cultured in vitro, parallel with the control group, an Ang II stimulation group, and an FK506 intervention group. The apoptosis rate with flow cytometry also detected TRPC6 mRNA and protein expression by RT-PCR and Western blot, and then observed the distribution of TRPC6 with indirect immunofluorescence labeling under confocal microscope.

Results:

The activities of podocytes significantly increased after FK506 intervention for 24 hours and 48 hours when compared with the Ang II stimulation group, and the apoptosis rate was markedly lower than that of the Ang II stimulation group, while in contrast to TRPC6 mRNA and protein expression.

Conclusion:

FK506 can directly act on the podocytes to inhibit Ang II-induced damage on podocyte structures and reduce the apoptosis rate of podocytes, which may be related to stabilizing TRPC6 expression and distribution in podocytes by FK506, thus maintaining the structure and function integrity of the slit diaphragm and playing a role in protecting podocytes and antiproteinuria.
Vibration-based damage precise localization in three-dimensional structures: Single versus multiple response measurements
Authors: Sakaris Christos S , Sakellariou John S , Fassois Spilios D
Published: February 2015

The goal of this study is vibration-based damage precise localization on three-dimensional structures through the vector version of an advanced Functional Model–Based Method. This version, which constitutes an extension of the original scalar method, is equipped with a Functional Model form that may simultaneously exploit multiple structural responses and incorporate the damage coordinates within its parameters through an appropriate operating parameter vector. Based on this model form, precise estimation of the damage coordinates is achieved within a nonlinear optimization framework with constraints representing the three-dimensional structural topology, and corresponding damage confidence intervals are constructed. The effectiveness of the method is assessed through damage precise localization for numerous damage scenarios in a three-dimensional truss structure, as well as through detailed comparisons with the previous, scalar method, demonstrating significant reduction in the localization error.
Teachers in the social trenches: Teaching civics in divided societies
Authors: Tamir Yuli (Yael)
Published: February 2015

This article argues that in divided societies, civic education fails to fulfill one of its most important social role: creating a more inclusive society that allows a democratic dialogue to flow across different ideological, religious, and cultural communities. This failure is grounded in two main reasons. First, civics teachers are socially and politically vulnerable and have neither the social power nor the social status to convey moral or ideological messages. Aware of their vulnerability, teachers prefer to adhere to topics shielded by neutrality and avoid controversial issues. Consequently, the message delivered in schools is a conservative one, intensifying feelings of estrangement among members of marginalized groups. Second, estranged communities encourage ‘their’ civic teachers – that is, teachers who are members of these communities – to teach their children a counter-curriculum that undermines the official narratives offered by the state. To its dismay, the state finds that in many of its classrooms it has become a ‘present absentee’. In the power struggle between the thin ‘neutral’ curriculum and the thick counter-curriculum, divisive forces prevail, social trust is eroded, and cleavages deepen. No one should therefore be surprised to find in the suburbs of Paris of Ferguson Missouriangry youth who despite the fact that they aregraduates ofthe public school system feel alienated and estranged.
Promotoras as Data Collectors in a Large Study of Physical Activity in Parks
Authors: Marsh Terry , Derose Kathryn Pitkin , Rios Muriel , Cohen Deborah
Published: February 2015

There is a large literature on promotores’ involvement in health promotion and a smaller literature on their roles in data collection, most often among predominantly Latino populations. But the extent to which promotores can be successful as the primary data collectors across racially/ethnically and socioeconomically diverse neighborhoods is less well documented. In a study of physical activity in 50 urban neighborhood parks, we found that a team of Spanish/English bilingual promotoras (female promotores) successfully implemented a direct observation protocol in all participant neighborhoods and achieved high interrater reliability (.80-.98). Overall, they were also effective in administering surveys to park users and residents across the racially/ethnically diverse neighborhoods. The promotoras brought to the project important language skills and cultural sensitivity, surveying experience, and familiarity with human subjects and confidentiality issues. Their extensive field experience gained over the course of a long-term collaborative effort helped improve survey and observation protocols. The promotoras reported gaining professional skills, which can strengthen their contributions to other projects. The promotoras were accustomed to being a source of information, and collecting rather than providing information was challenging for some and had to be addressed in order to avoid contamination across study groups.
Community Connections
Authors: Torres Jennifer
Published: February 2015

Community Connections: Linking Primary Care Patients to Local Resources for Better Management of Obesity is a toolkit based on research conducted by the State Networks of Colorado Ambulatory Practices and Partners for the Agency for Health Care Research and Quality. This toolkit is intended to serve as a resource for health care practitioners working with primary care clinics and community agencies. The goal of the toolkit is to help health care practitioners examine their practice, establish relationships with community resources and partners, develop sustainable links, and exercise new strategies and tools to increase patient engagement. This toolkit can be used by health educators, clinic administrators, physicians, students, and other clinic staff as a step-by-step resource for developing or enhancing their community referral process and to develop strategies for improving patient engagement and enrollment practices for obesity management community programs.